bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Fatigue Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites Based on a Multiscale Approach
Authors: Han Hyeonseok , Xia Yuen , Ha Sung Kyu
Published: January 2025

This study presents a methodology for characterizing the constituent properties of composite materials by back-calculating from the laminate behavior under fatigue loading. Composite materials consist of fiber reinforcements and a polymer matrix, with the fatigue performance of the laminate governed by the interaction between these constituents. Due to the challenges in directly measuring the properties of individual fibers and the polymer matrix, a reverse-engineering approach was employed. Using the micro-mechanics of fatigue (MMFatigue), we predicted the laminate’s fatigue behavior based on assumed constituent properties and compared these predictions with experimental data from fatigue tests. The properties of the fiber and polymer matrix were iteratively adjusted to minimize the differences between predictions and experimental results, enabling accurate fatigue characterization. To ensure robustness, three laminate angles—0°, 30°, and 60°—were evaluated at three temperatures: low temperature (LT: −40 °C), room temperature (RT: 25 °C), and high temperature (HT: 85 °C). The error, defined as the fatigue life difference between the prediction and the experimental results, were obtained as 2.48% at LT, 7.18% at RT, and 1.25% at HT for a laminate angle of 45°. Finally, the applicability of the multiscale-based fatigue life prediction method was demonstrated through studies on laminates with various angles under tension–compression, and compression–compression cyclic loads, as well as composite pressure vessels under cyclic loading.
A Hybrid Honey Badger Algorithm to Solve Energy-Efficient Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling Problems
Authors: Geetha M. , Chandra Guru Sekar R. , Marichelvam M. K.
Published: January 2025

A well-planned schedule is essential to any organization’s growth. Thus, it is important for the literature to cover a more comprehensive range of scheduling problems. In this paper, energy-efficient hybrid flow shop (EEHFS) scheduling problems are considered. Researchers have developed several techniques to deal with EEHFS scheduling problems. Also, researchers have recently proposed several metaheuristics. Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA) is one of the most recent algorithms proposed to solve various optimization problems. The objective of the present work is to solve EEHFS scheduling problems using the Hybrid Honey Badger Algorithm (HHBA) to reduce the makespan (Cmax) and total energy cost (TEC). In the HHBA, a constructive heuristic known as the NEH heuristic was incorporated with the Honey Badger Algorithm. The suggested algorithm’s performance was verified using an actual industrial scheduling problem. The company’s results are compared with those of the HHBA. The HHBA could potentially result in an 8% decrease in total energy cost. Then, the proposed algorithm was applied to solve 54 random benchmark problems. The results of the proposed HHBA were compared with the FIFO dispatching rule, the NEH heuristic, and other metaheuristics such as the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, the genetic algorithm (GA), the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, Honey Badger Algorithm, and the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms addressed in the literature. Average percentage deviation (APD) was the performance measure used to compare different algorithms. The APD of the proposed HHBA was zero. This indicates that the proposed HHBA is more effective in solving EEHFS scheduling problems.
The Unity of Virtue and Body: Moral Realization in Mencius’ Theory of Embodying Virtue
Authors: Jiang Siyuan , Liu Pinghua
Published: January 2025

Mencius’ “Theory of Embodying Virtue 踐形說” is an important theory that combines moral cultivation and physical practice, emphasizing that virtue is externalized and realized through concrete physical actions. This paper explores the theoretical foundation of the “Theory of Embodying Virtue 踐形說”, examining its internal connections with Mencius’ doctrines of “Innate Goodness”, “Four Beginnings 四端”, and “Nurturing Qi 養氣”. Through self-cultivation, individuals can gradually transform their inner virtues into outward behaviors, ultimately achieving the unity of virtue and the body. This not only serves as an essential path for personal moral cultivation but also embodies the Confucian moral ideal. Additionally, the paper analyzes the contemporary significance of the “Theory of Embodying Virtue” from the perspectives of modern ethics and body philosophy, particularly in terms of its implications for moral education, the improvement of social ethics, and the shaping of leaders’ moral images. By conducting an in-depth discussion, this paper reveals that Mencius’ “Theory of Embodying Virtue” still holds significant theoretical and practical value in contemporary society.
Life Cycle Assessment of Methanol Production from Municipal Solid Waste: Environmental Comparison with Landfilling and Incineration
Authors: Cerqueira Cristiano Queiroz , Lora Electo Eduardo Silva , de Souza Lidiane La Picirelli , Leme Márcio Montagnana Vicente , Barros Regina Mambeli , Venturini Osvaldo José
Published: January 2025

Inadequate waste management strategies play a significant role in exacerbating environmental challenges, such as increased greenhouse gas emissions, resource depletion, and other adverse ecological impacts. These issues are aggravated by the global rise in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, surpassing the rate of population growth. Simultaneously, there is an urgent demand for sustainable energy solutions to combat climate change and its wide-ranging impacts. In response, this study addresses a critical question: is methanol production from MSW, a waste-to-chemical (WtC) alternative based on circular economy principles, a more environmentally sustainable approach compared to traditional waste-to-energy (WtE) methods like landfilling with biogas recovery and incineration? To answer this, this study evaluates the environmental performance of MSW-to-methanol technologies using life cycle assessment (LCA), focusing on key indicators such as global warming potential, resource depletion, and impacts on human health and ecosystem quality. The results reveal that methanol production from MSW significantly reduces global warming potential (GWP) by 87% compared to landfilling and 56% compared to incineration. Additionally, the process demonstrates high energy efficiency in electricity generation, achieving 80% of the output of incineration. These findings position MSW-to-methanol as a promising alternative for advancing sustainable waste management and renewable energy transitions. While the technology is still in its developmental stages, this research highlights the need for further advancements and policy support to enhance feasibility and scalability. By providing a comparative environmental analysis, this study contributes to identifying innovative pathways for addressing pressing waste management and energy sustainability challenges.
Assessment of Ecosystem Vulnerability in the Tropic of Cancer (Yunnan Section)
Authors: Ye Hui , Bai Die , Wang Jinliang , Tan Shucheng , Liu Shiyin
Published: January 2025

The stability and diversity of the natural landscape is critical to maintaining the ecological functions of a region. However, ecosystems in the Yunnan section of the Tropic of Cancer face increasing pressure from climate change, human activities, and natural disasters, which significantly influence their vulnerability. Ecosystem vulnerability is determined by structural and functional sensitivity, coupled with insufficient adaptability to external stressors. While previous research has emphasized the effects of climate change, the multidimensional impacts of land use and human activities have often been overlooked. This study aims to comprehensively assess the ecological vulnerability of the Yunnan section of the Tropic of Cancer, addressing this research gap by utilizing geographic information system (GIS) technology and the Vulnerability Scoping Diagram (VSD) model. The study constructs a multidimensional evaluation index system based on exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, with a specific focus on the effects of land use, human activities, and natural disasters. Key indicators include road and population density, soil erosion, and geological hazards, along with innovative considerations of economic adaptive capacity to address gaps in previous assessments. The findings highlight that ecological vulnerability is predominantly concentrated in areas with low vegetation cover and severe soil erosion. Human activities, particularly road and population density, are identified as significant drivers of ecological vulnerability. Sensitivity is heavily influenced by soil erosion and geological disasters, while economic adaptability emerges as a critical factor in mitigating ecological risks. By proposing targeted policy recommendations—such as enhancing ecological protection and restoration, optimizing land use planning, and increasing public environmental awareness—this study provides actionable strategies to reduce ecological vulnerability. The findings offer crucial scientific support for improving the ecological environment in the Tropic of Cancer region and contribute to achieving sustainable development goals.
Correction of CAMS PM10 Reanalysis Improves AI-Based Dust Event Forecast
Authors: Sarafian Ron , Nathan Sagi , Nissenbaum Dori , Khan Salman , Rudich Yinon
Published: January 2025

High dust loading significantly impacts air quality, climate, and public health. Early warning is crucial for mitigating short-term effects, and accurate dust field estimates are needed for forecasting. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) offers global reanalysis datasets and forecasts of particulate matter with a diameter of under 10 μm (PM10), which approximate dust, but recent studies highlight discrepancies between CAMS data and ground in-situ measurements. Since CAMS is often used for forecasting, errors in PM10 fields can hinder accurate dust event forecasts, which is particularly challenging for models that use artificial intelligence (AI) due to the scarcity of dust events and limited training data. This study proposes a machine-learning approach to correct CAMS PM10 fields using in-situ data to enhance AI-based dust event forecasting. A correction model that links pixel-wise errors with atmospheric and meteorological variables was taught using gradient-boosting algorithms. This model is then utilized to predict CAMS error in previously unobserved pixels across the Eastern Mediterranean, generating CAMS error fields. Our bias-corrected PM10 fields are, on average, 12 μg m−3 more accurate, often reducing CAMS errors by significant percentages. To evaluate the contribution, we train a deep neural network to predict city-scale dust events (0–72 h) over the Balkans using PM10 fields. Comparing the network’s performance when trained on both original and bias-corrected CAMS PM10 fields, we show that the correction improves AI-based forecasting performance across all metrics.
Exploring a Software Framework for Posture Tracking and Haptic Feedback Control: A Virtual Reality-Based Approach for Upper Limb Rehabilitation on the Oculus Quest 2
Authors: Dillen Joaquin , Moreira Antonio H. J. , Vilaça João L.
Published: January 2025

Virtual reality (VR) has gained significant attention in various fields including healthcare and industrial applications. Within healthcare, an interesting application of VR can be found in the field of physiotherapy. The conventional methodology for rehabilitating upper limb lesions is often perceived as tedious and uncomfortable. The manual nature of the process, performed by physicians, leaves patients in an environment lacking motivation and engagement. This presents an opportunity for implementing VR as a tool to enhance the rehabilitation process and improve the quality, efficiency, and evolution of recovery. However, physiotherapy often lacks relevant data to track the recovery process effectively, further compounding concerns about its efficacy. To address this, we propose the development of a posture control system using the Oculus Quest 2, a VR device. Our primary objective was to validate the performance aspects of this device and assess its potential as a rehabilitation tool, providing valuable support to healthcare professionals. Through a series of tests, we evaluated the effectiveness of our VR solution by integrating it into specific therapeutic exercises. This approach enhances patient involvement by offering real-time feedback on exercise execution and providing clear instructions for posture correction. The results demonstrate a notable impact on exercise performance, highlighting the feasibility of developing physiotherapeutically adapted solutions utilizing VR technology. By leveraging the Oculus Quest 2 system and the proposed framework, our research contributes to the advancement of VR-based rehabilitation practices. The findings offer valuable insights into the potential benefits of integrating immersive technologies into the field of physiotherapy, empowering healthcare professionals in their treatment approaches.
PC-YOLO11s: A Lightweight and Effective Feature Extraction Method for Small Target Image Detection
Authors: Wang Zhou , Su Yuting , Kang Feng , Wang Lijin , Lin Yaohua , Wu Qingshou , Li Huicheng , Cai Zhiling
Published: January 2025

Compared with conventional targets, small objects often face challenges such as smaller size, lower resolution, weaker contrast, and more background interference, making their detection more difficult. To address this issue, this paper proposes an improved small object detection method based on the YOLO11 model—PC-YOLO11s. The core innovation of PC-YOLO11s lies in the optimization of the detection network structure, which includes the following aspects: Firstly, PC-YOLO11s has adjusted the hierarchical structure of the detection network and added a P2 layer specifically for small object detection. By extracting the feature information of small objects in the high-resolution stage of the image, the P2 layer helps the network better capture small objects. At the same time, in order to reduce unnecessary calculations and lower the complexity of the model, we removed the P5 layer. In addition, we have introduced the coordinate spatial attention mechanism, which can help the network more accurately obtain the spatial and positional features required for small targets, thereby further improving detection accuracy. In the VisDrone2019 datasets, experimental results show that PC-YOLO11s outperforms other existing YOLO-series models in overall performance. Compared with the baseline YOLO11s model, PC-YOLO11s mAP@0.5 increased from 39.5% to 43.8%, mAP@0.5:0.95 increased from 23.6% to 26.3%, and the parameter count decreased from 9.416M to 7.103M. Not only that, we also applied PC-YOLO11s to tea bud datasets, and experiments showed that its performance is superior to other YOLO-series models. Experiments have shown that PC-YOLO11s exhibits excellent performance in small object detection tasks, with strong accuracy improvement and good generalization ability, which can meet the needs of small object detection in practical applications.
Development of a Mobile Laser Measurement System for Subway Tunnel Deformation Detection
Authors: Li Wei , Duan Haoran , Zhang Qiuzhao , Liang Jiahui , Duan Wei , Zhang Kaikun , Wang Wenda , Yang Huachao
Published: January 2025

In recent years, mobile laser measurement systems have markedly enhanced the capabilities of deformation detection and defect identification within metro tunnels, attributed to their superior efficiency, precision, and versatility. Nevertheless, challenges persist, including substantial equipment costs, inadequate after-sales support, technological barriers, and limitations in customization. This paper develops a mobile laser measurement system that has been specifically developed for the purpose of detecting deformation in metro tunnels. The system integrates multiple modules, comprising a rail inspection vehicle, a three-dimensional laser scanner, an odometer, and an inclinometer, to facilitate multi-sensor temporal synchronization. By leveraging data from the inclinometer and odometer, the system performs point cloud coordinate corrections and three-dimensional linear reconstructions. Experiments conducted on the Xuzhou Metro validate the reliability and stability of the system, demonstrating its capability to meet routine deformation detection requirements. To improve deformation detection utilizing point cloud data, a pre-processing algorithm has been proposed, which incorporates point cloud denoising, centerline calculation, roadbed removal, and relative positioning based on mileage. Disturbed points are systematically identified and eliminated, while the convergence of tunnel sections and inter-ring misalignment are evaluated through ellipse fitting. Furthermore, to address encroachments upon tunnel locomotive limits, encroachment points and associated information are identified using the ray method. In conclusion, the proposed mobile laser measurement system offers an efficient and reliable solution for metro tunnel deformation detection, with significant potential for broader applications and future advancements.
Sustainable and Innovative: How Can Open Innovation Enhance Sustainability Practices?
Authors: do Prado Guilherme Francisco , de Souza Jovani Taveira , Piekarski Cassiano Moro
Published: January 2025

Sustainability has been regarded as a central aspect for the short-, mid-, and long-term survival of businesses. This paradigm brings forth the need for companies to keep up with market competition while addressing the sustainable development aspects of their operations. With the emergence of tools and techniques such as machine learning and artificial intelligence language models, the decline of market entry barriers has prompted organizations to innovate and stay competitive through traditional innovation or employing open innovation (OI). The purpose of this paper is to investigate how OI can enhance sustainability practices. To this end, a systematic review using Methodi Ordinatio was conducted. We investigated authors’ objectives and overarching topics revolving around sustainability and OI. Three areas of opportunity were identified: (i) the literature on sustainability and OI is prolific, and international collaboration is encouraged; (ii) aspects of sustainability and OI are viewed through the prism of environmental concerns, sustainable innovation, social dimensions, principles of circular economy, sustainable business models, and pathways to sustainable growth; and (iii) collaboration, crowdsourcing, knowledge management, and stakeholder engagement are some of the most frequently addressed issues. Future research can be conducted on these avenues to produce significant results for the area of sustainable OI.
A Comprehensive Assessment of the Economic Performance of an Innovative Solar Thermal System: A Case Study
Authors: Gobio-Thomas Lisa , Darwish Mohamed , Rovira Antonio , Abbas Ruben , Barnetche Magdalena , Solano Juan Pedro , Torres Albert , Naplocha Krzysztof , Kew Peter , Stojceska Valentina
Published: January 2025

An economic assessment of an innovative solar thermal system called Application to Solar Thermal Energy to Processes (ASTEP) was conducted. It considered its three main subsystems: a novel rotary Fresnel SunDial, Thermal Energy Storage (TES) and Control System. Current Fresnel collectors are unable to provide thermal energy above 150 °C in high-latitude locations. Therefore, the key contribution of this study is the assessment of the economic performance of the ASTEP system used to provide high-temperature process heat up to 400 °C for industries located at low and high latitudes. The ASTEP system is installed at two end-users: Mandrekas (MAND), a dairy factory located in Greece at a latitude of 37.93 N and ArcelorMittal (AMTP), a manufacturer of steel tubes located in Romania at a latitude of 47.1 N. The life cycle costs (LCC), levelised cost of energy (LCOE), energy cost savings, EU carbon cost savings and benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of the ASTEP system were assessed. The results showed that AMTP’s ASTEP system had higher LCC and LCOE than MAND. This can be attributed to the use of two TES tanks and a double-axis solar tracking system for AMTP’s ASTEP system due to its high latitude location, compared to a single TES tank and single-axis solar tracking system used for MAND at low latitude. The total financial savings of the ASTEP system were EUR 249,248 for MAND and EUR 262,931 for AMTP over a period of 30 years. This study demonstrates that the ASTEP system offers financial benefits through its energy and EU carbon cost savings for industries at different latitudes while enhancing their environmental sustainability.
Spatiotemporal Changes and Trade-Offs/Synergies of Waterfront Ecosystem Services Globally
Authors: Zheng Yaomin , Yang Huize , Gong Huixin , Shi Jinlian , Zhang Yanhui , Wang Jiaxin , Zhang Xin , Cheng Ruifen , Chen Yu
Published: January 2025

The types of ecosystem services are complex and diverse. This study estimated four ecosystem services, their trade-offs, and their synergistic outcomes in 2010, 2015, and 2020 using the InVEST model. Globally, results showed that waterfront ecosystem services are high (low) in the north (south), and that high-value areas are mainly in Sweden and Finland in Europe; the Congo in Africa; Russia, Southwest China, and Indonesia in Asia; the Northwestern United States and Canada in North America, and northeastern Peru and northwestern Brazil in South America. Overall, ecosystem services changed little during 2010–2020. Additionally, a notable trade-off was found between water yield and habitat quality, and strong synergies were found between water yield and carbon storage and sequestration, water yield and sediment delivery ratio, carbon storage and sequestration and sediment delivery ratio, and carbon storage and habitat quality. The results of this study could help promote sustainable development of waterfronts globally.
Exploring the Multifaceted Challenges and Complexities Involved in the Effective Implementation of Maritime Conventions
Authors: Aiken Deniece M. , Kotta Jonne , Tapaninen Ulla Pirita
Published: January 2025

The sustainability of the maritime industry relies on the effective implementation of global regulations, a task primarily managed by nation-states within the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This paper investigates the barriers to implementing international maritime regulations, centering on the IMO’s role in supporting member states, focusing on three themes: people, patterns, and particularities. Survey and interview data from maritime stakeholders identified key challenges: insufficient personnel training, financial limitations, and state interest in maritime affairs. These findings highlight the importance of skilled personnel, the need for adaptable processes amid resource constraints, and the unique challenges faced by states due to their political and regulatory differences. This paper further examines the IMO’s initiatives to support compliance, including technical guidance, capacity-building, and funding. However, issues persist, especially with enforcement and industry resistance to regulatory changes. This study suggests that enhanced regional monitoring, mandatory reporting, and greater involvement of non-state actors could improve compliance. It emphasizes the importance of targeted resource allocation to address the unique needs of individual states. This study also provides valuable insights into the challenges of maritime regulation implementation and highlights the indispensable role of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in facilitating implementation efforts.
Enhancing Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images: A Novel YOLOv8 Architecture with a C2fA Module and Optimized Loss Functions
Authors: Wang Shidan , Zhao Zi-An , Chen Yuze , Mao Ye-Jiao , Cheung James Chung-Wai
Published: January 2025

Thyroid-related diseases, particularly thyroid cancer, are rising globally, emphasizing the critical need for the early detection and accurate screening of thyroid nodules. Ultrasound imaging has inherent limitations—high noise, low contrast, and blurred boundaries—that make manual interpretation subjective and error-prone. To address these challenges, YOLO-Thyroid, an improved model for the automatic detection of thyroid nodules in ultrasound images, is presented herein. Building upon the YOLOv8 architecture, YOLO-Thyroid introduces the C2fA module—an extension of C2f that incorporates Coordinate Attention (CA)—to enhance feature extraction. Additionally, loss functions were incorporated, including class-weighted binary cross-entropy to alleviate class imbalance and SCYLLA-IoU (SIoU) to improve localization accuracy during boundary regression. A publicly available thyroid ultrasound image dataset was optimized using format conversion and data augmentation. The experimental results demonstrate that YOLO-Thyroid outperforms mainstream object detection models across multiple metrics, achieving a higher detection precision of 54%. The recall, calculated based on the detection of nodules containing at least one feature suspected of being malignant, reaches 58.2%, while the model maintains a lightweight structure. The proposed method significantly advances ultrasound nodule detection, providing an effective and practical solution for enhancing diagnostic accuracy in medical imaging.
Proteomic Analysis of the Murine Liver Response to Oral Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A: The Protective Role to Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Trombetti Silvia , Cimbalo Alessandra , Grosso Michela , Vila-Donat Pilar , Mañes Jordi , Manyes Lara
Published: January 2025

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) are considered the most important mycotoxins in terms of food safety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of AFB1 and OTA exposure in Wistar rats and to assess the beneficial effect of fermented whey (FW) and pumpkin (P) as functional ingredients through a proteomic approach. For the experimental procedures, rats were fed AFB1 and OTA individually or in combination, with the addition of FW or a FW-P mixture during 28 days. For proteomics analysis, peptides were separated using a LC-MS/MS-QTOF system and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were statistically filtered (p < 0.05) distinguishing males from females. Gene ontology visualization allowed the identification of proteins involved in important biological processes such as the response to xenobiotic stimuli and liver development. Likewise, KEGG pathway analysis reported the metabolic routes as the most affected, followed by carbon metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acids. Overall, the results highlighted a strong downregulation of DEPs in the presence of AFB1 and OTA individually but not with the mixture of both, suggesting a synergistic effect. However, FW and P have helped in the mitigation of processes triggered by mycotoxins.
Serological Profile of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Pintos Gabriella Beltrame , Pires Francielly Camilla Bazílio Laurindo , Zini Nathália , da Silva Rita Cássia Martins Alves , Silva Junior Francisco Inaldo Mendes , da Silva Renato Ferreira , Pinho Tainara Souza , de Mattos Luiz Carlos , Brandão Cinara Cássia
Published: January 2025

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), a globally distributed obligatory intracellular opportunistic parasite that has infected one third of the world population, has different transmission routes including via organ transplantation. The liver has emerged as a frequent transplanted organ in which the transmission of T. gondii can occur between seropositive donors and seronegative recipients. Allied with immunosuppressive therapy, the presence of latent infection in recipients elevates the risk of severe toxoplasmosis. The goal of this study was to evaluate the demographic, clinical, epidemiological, and anti-T. gondii antibody profiles in liver transplant recipients. All demographic, clinical, epidemiological, and serological data were obtained from the electronic medical records of liver transplant recipients from the Liver Transplantation Service of the Hospital de Base in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil, from 2008 to 2018. Data from 48 eligible recipients (females: n = 17; males: n = 31) were evaluated. The recipients were grouped according to their T. gondii serological profiles (G1: IgM−/IgG−; G2: IgM−/IgG+; G3: IgM+/IgG+; G4: IgM+/IgG−). The overall mean age was 55.3 (±15.3) years; the age difference between women (42.7 ± 17 years) and men (62.2 ± 10.9 years) was statistically significant (p-value > 0.0001). The percentages of the serological profiles were 20 (n = 41.7%), 26 (n = 54.1%), and 2 (n = 4.2%) for G1, G2, and G3, respectively. No recipient had a serological profile for G4. Hepatosplenomegaly (47.9%), fever (35.4%), encephalopathy (20.8%), and headache (16.7%) were commonly observed symptoms. No statistically significant differences were observed between the serological group and clinical data (p-value = 0.953). The percentages of coinfection by T. gondii with hepatitis A, B, and C were 47.9%, 20.8%, and 12.5%, respectively. About 41.7% of the recipients later died. The data demonstrate that infection by T. gondii is common in liver transplant recipients, and it is not associated with the analyzed demographic, clinical, and epidemiological data.
Perspective on the 65-Year Anniversary of the Discovery of Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Mocarski Edward S.
Published: January 2025

This volume presents research and reviews bringing forward new insights into cytomegalovirus (CMV) pathogenesis and biology; CMV is a herpesvirus that has long been recognized as being medically significant [...]
Phage vB_KlebPS_265 Active Against Resistant/MDR and Hypermucoid K2 Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Yakubovskij Vyacheslav I. , Morozova Vera V. , Kozlova Yuliya N. , Tikunov Artem Yu. , Fedorets Valeria A. , Zhirakovskaya Elena V. , Babkin Igor V. , Bardasheva Alevtina V. , Tikunova Nina V.
Published: January 2025

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important opportunistic pathogen often resistant to antibiotics. Specific phages can be useful in eliminating infection caused by K. pneumoniae. Klebsiella phage vB_KlebPS_265 (KlebP_265) and its host strain were isolated from the sputum of a patient with Klebsiella infection. KlebP_265 was specific mainly to K. pneumoniae-type K2 strains including hypermucoid strains. Most of the hypermucoid KlebP_265-susceptible strains were antibiotic-resistant. This siphophage demonstrated good lytic activity and stability. The KlebP_265 genome was 46,962 bp and contained 88 putative genes; functions were predicted for 37 of them. No genes encoding integrases, toxins, or antibiotic resistance were found in the genome. So, KlebP_265 could potentially be a therapeutic phage. Comparative analysis indicated that KlebP_265 with the most relative Klebsiella phage DP01 formed the putative Dipiunovirus genus. Genome analysis revealed a large monophyletic group of phages related to KlebP_265 and DP01. This group is divided into two monophyletic clusters of phages forming new putative subfamilies Skatevirinae and Roufvirinae. Phylogenetic analysis showed extensive gene exchange between phages from the putative subfamilies. Horizontal transfer even involved conservative genes and led to clear genomic mosaicism, indicating multiple recombination events in the ancestral phages during evolution.
Peptide Antigen Modifications Influence the On-Target and Off-Target Antibody Response for an Influenza Subunit Vaccine
Authors: Schulte Megan C. , Boll Adam C. , Barcellona Agustin T. , Lopez Elida A. , Schrum Adam G. , Ulery Bret D.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Peptide amphiphile micelles (PAMs) are an exciting nanotechnology currently being studied for a variety of biomedical applications, especially for drug delivery. Specifically, PAMs can enhance in vivo trafficking, cell-targeting, and cell interactions/internalization. However, modifying peptides, as is commonly performed to induce micellization, can influence their bioactivity. In our previous work, murine antibody responses to PAMs containing the influenza antigen M22–16 were slightly incongruous with prior PAM vaccine studies using other antigens. In this current work, the effect of native protein linkages and non-native micellizing moieties on M2 immunogenicity was studied. Methods: PAMs were synthesized using an elongated M2 antigen (i.e., Palm2K-M21–24-(KE)4). The PAMs were characterized, then their immunogenicity was evaluated with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and in mice. Results: Although the modification scheme yielded immunogenic PAMs, these PAMs induced a substantial amount of off-target antibody production compared to unmodified peptidyl micelles (PMs, M21–24 peptide). Conclusions: While the impact PAM-induced off-target antibodies had on vaccine efficacy remains to be elucidated, on-target antibodies from both PAM- and PM-vaccinated mice were excitingly able to recognize the M2 antigen within the context of the full M2 protein. This provides preliminary evidence that the PAM-induced on-target antibodies will at minimum be able to recognize the influenza virus upon exposure.
Molecular Mechanism of VSV-Vectored ASFV Vaccine Activating Immune Response in DCs
Authors: Ma Yunyun , Shao Junjun , Liu Wei , Gao Shandian , Zhou Guangqing , Qi Xuefeng , Chang Huiyun
Published: January 2025

The vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-vectored African swine fever virus (ASFV) vaccine can induce efficient immune response, but the potential mechanism remains unsolved. In order to investigate the efficacy of recombinant viruses (VSV-p35, VSV-p72)-mediated dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and the mechanism of inducing T-cell immune response, the functional effects of recombinant viruses on DC activation and target antigens presentation were explored in this study. The results showed that surface-marked molecules (CD80, CD86, CD40, and MHC-II) and secreted cytokines (IL-4, TNF-α, IFN-γ) were highly expressed in the recombinant virus-infected DCs. In addition, the co-culture results of recombinant virus-treated DCs with naive T cells showed that the Th1- and Th17-type responses were effectively activated. Taken together, the study indicated that the VSV-vectored ASFV vaccine activated the maturation of DCs and the Th1- and Th17-type immune response, which provided a theoretical basis for the development of novel ASF vaccines.
Research on Enhancing Domestic Wastewater Treatment in the Heterotrophic Nitrification–Aerobic Denitrification-Based Anaerobic/Oxic Biofilm System
Authors: Wu Yingbao , Wang Biaoyi , Ou Ziyi , Peng Peiqin , Zhang Miaomiao , Zhang Shunan , Liu Feng
Published: January 2025

Traditional wastewater treatment processes still encounter challenges such as the limited treatment efficiency and excessive greenhouse gas emissions, which restrict their application in environmentally sustainable practices. This study developed an A/O biofilm system and assessed the impact of inoculating the system with the heterotrophic nitrification–aerobic denitrification (HN–AD) strain Alcaligenes faecalis WT14 on pollutant removal efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions. A continuous monitoring experiment was conducted over 140 days, comparing the system inoculated with WT14 (the TWT14 system) and the non-inoculated system (the CK system). The results demonstrated that the TWT14 system outperformed the CK system in pollutant removal, with higher NH₄⁺-N, TN, and COD removal efficiencies of 11.22%, 21.96%, and 12.51%, respectively, and the quality of discharge water from TWT14 maintaining compliance with national discharge standards. This improvement underscores the positive impact of inoculation with the WT14 strain on enhancing the pollutant removal performance of the A/O biofilm system. Regarding greenhouse gas emissions, the TWT14 system exhibited a significantly higher N₂O emission flux in the aeration tank compared with the CK system, while CO₂ and CH₄ emissions were predominantly concentrated in the anaerobic tank. Global warming potential (GWP) analysis showed no significant difference in the total average GWP between the two systems. However, the TWT14 system demonstrated a lower GWP per unit of TN removed, highlighting its superior ecological benefits. Environmental factor analysis revealed that the temperature, pH, humidity, and salinity had significant impacts on both pollutant removal efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, microbial community analysis indicated that inoculation with the WT14 strain enhanced microbial diversity and richness within the A/O biofilm system, with Alcaligenes and norank_f_JD30-KF-CM45 playing key roles in nitrogen removal. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing A/O biofilm system design and offers scientific guidance for the sustainable upgrading of wastewater treatment technologies.
Performance of Integrated Biofilm-Phytoremediation Process in Reclaiming Water from Domestic Wastewater
Authors: Buslima Fairuz Afiqah , Abu Hasan Hassimi , Alias Jahira , Jaganathan Jaga Sahsiny , Buhari Junaidah , Subramanian Suriya Vathi , Abdullah Siti Rozaimah Sheikh
Published: January 2025

The rapid development of the residential and industrial sectors produces a huge amount of treated domestic wastewater. The treated wastewater is discharged and could affect the environment in the long term. Improving the quality of treated domestic wastewater for water reclamation would benefit both sectors. This study aims to determine the efficiency of the biofilm-phytoremediation integration process in reclaiming domestic wastewater. A cuboid-shaped reactor was filled with 15 L of domestic wastewater, utilizing water hyacinth and a polyethylene carrier as supporting media for the process. The integrated reactor is tested in two phases: the initial adaptation of bacteria with domestic and synthetic wastewater (Phase I) and the integration process of biofilm-phytoremediation, based on the factors of NH3-N concentration and hydraulic retention time (HRT), for 24 to 48 h (Phase II). In Phase II, pollutant removal was observed at varying NH3-N concentrations: C1 (11–13 mg/L), C2 (9–11 mg/L), and C3 (3–5 mg/L). The study’s findings indicate a consistent performance in the first phase, with removal rates for COD and NH3-N ranging between 86.7–100.0% and 79.0–99.6%, respectively. The reactor effectively removed pollutants at varying concentrations of NH3-N, with average removal up to 100% (COD), 99% (NH3-N), and 80% (PO43−). This integrated reactor shows the finest treated water quality outcomes for non-potable water recovery, as well as offers an alternative to resolve water scarcity for use in various sectors.
Enhanced Transport Induced by Tropical Cyclone and River Discharge in Hangzhou Bay
Authors: Zhou Hongquan , Liu Xiaohui
Published: January 2025

Sediment transport in Hangzhou Bay and the adjacent Changjiang Estuary is extremely complex due to the bathymetry and hydrodynamic conditions in this region. Using the particle tracing method based on the ROMS model, three-dimensional (3D) passive particle transport in Hangzhou Bay and the Changjiang Estuary was simulated. Ocean temperature, salinity, and circulation patterns before and during Severe Tropical Storm Ampil (2018) were reproduced by the model. The circulation in Hangzhou Bay is significantly influenced by the passing of the storm with an enhanced southeastward surface current. The along-front current offshore of the Changjiang Estuary, accompanied by the Changjiang River plume, is weakened by strong mixing under the storm. The transport of passive particles before and during the storm was also simulated based on the current fields of the model. The results show that the passing of the tropical storm enhances mass exchange in Hangzhou Bay by the storm-induced southeast circulation, while particle transport near the Changjiang Estuary decreases as the estuarine plume is weakened by the intense mixing of strong winds of the storm.
New Tool to Screen Financial Viability of Alternative Public–Private Partnership Structures for Delivery of Electric Vehicle-Charging Infrastructure
Authors: DeCorla-Souza Patrick , Hossain Mahir
Published: January 2025

This paper demonstrates the use of an Excel-based tool called the “Electric Vehicle-Charging Infrastructure Financial Analysis Spreadsheet Tool”, or “EVCI-FAST”, developed to analyze public–private partnership approaches to deliver publicly accessible EV-charging infrastructure that would not be commercially viable without a government subsidy. To demonstrate the use of this tool, we conducted a high-level screening analysis for a hypothetical bundle of publicly accessible EV-charging stations to assess the financial viability of delivering electric vehicle-charging infrastructure (EVCI) using alternative public–private partnership (P3) structures. This demonstration suggests that the EVCI-FAST could assist public agencies in determining whether their budgetary resources are adequate to support a proposed P3 for an EVCI project. The demonstration suggests that the EVCI-FAST could also help agencies decide which P3 structuring option would best meet their financial objectives. The results from the analysis of the hypothetical project suggest that public agencies could benefit considerably from a P3 structure that uses a minimum revenue guarantee to reduce revenue risk for the private partner.
The role of microbiota and epithelial barrier interaction in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Keitsler M. I. , Slazhneva E. S. , Ostrovskaya I. G. , Atrushkevich V. G.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Periodontitis and gingivitis are a significant concern in modern dentistry due to the persistently high global prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis. This study aims to review and systematize current scientific knowledge regarding the role of increased epithelial permeability in the gingival sulcus in the pathogenesis of these diseases. It also explores key aspects of the interaction between the oral microbiota and the epithelial barrier.

Materials and Methods. A systematic analysis of scientific articles and original research was conducted using the PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY databases. From an initial pool of 1,536 publications spanning 2004 to 2024, 53 articles were selected, comprising in vivo and in vitro studies as well as review articles. The findings from these studies are summarized in this review.

Results. Emerging evidence indicates that disturbances in the mucosal microbiota can modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. Beneficial bacteria may trigger antimicrobial defense mechanisms through host immune responses or directly counteract periodontopathogens that compromise the epithelial barrier. Epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical mechanism through which epithelial cells lose their characteristic properties, altering their phenotype. These changes can result in basement membrane degradation and a loss of epithelial barrier integrity, ultimately contributing to periodontal pocket formation and the infiltration of pathogenic microorganisms into oral tissues. Intercellular junctions, particularly tight junctions, are vital for maintaining the stability and functionality of epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in these processes.

Conclusion. Impairment of the epithelial barrier, particularly increased permeability, facilitates the infiltration of microbial pathogens and may lead to dysbiosis, exacerbating epithelial damage in the gingival sulcus and contributing to the progression of periodontal diseases. When evaluating increased epithelial permeability in the gingival sulcus, it is essential to consider factors such as the presence of periodontopathogens, their metabolites, the expression of tight junction proteins, and genetic predispositions.
White sponge nevus (oral manifestation): a clinical case report
Authors: Volkov E. A. , Vasyukova O. M. , Slazhneva E. S. , Atrushkevich V. G.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. White sponge nevus (WSN) is a rare benign hereditary autosomal-dominant disorder of the mucous membranes, marked by variable phenotypic expression due to genetic polymorphism. Recognizing the oral clinical manifestations of this condition is essential for accurate differential diagnosis and the selection of appropriate treatment strategies.

Case description. This report presents a clinical case of white sponge nevus affecting the oral mucosa in a female patient. The condition manifested as diffuse, symmetrical, thickened, and folded white lesions on the buccal mucosa, lips, and lateral surfaces of the tongue.

Conclusion. The proposed diagnostic algorithm facilitates the exclusion of malignant lesions in the oral mucosa, while also mitigating unnecessary concerns or inappropriate treatments for patients diagnosed with white sponge nevus.
Micromachismo y perspectivas de género: un análisis comparativo de las actitudes entre hombres y mujeres
Authors: Montesdeoca Zambrano Stivaly Dayana , Escobar Delgado Gustavo Rafael , Rodríguez Álava Leonor Alexandra
Published: January 2025

El micromachismo se refiere a actitudes y comportamientos sutiles pero arraigados que refuerzan roles de género y perpetúan desigualdades, como comentarios condescendientes, minimización de la opinión femenina o la asignación de tareas domésticas según el género. La problemática radica en que, aunque son acciones pequeñas, contribuyen a mantener estructuras de poder desiguales entre hombres y mujeres. El objetivo de este artículo es comparar las actitudes de hombres y mujeres hacia el micromachismo. El diseño de la investigación es no experimental, esta se centra en la observación y medición de variables tal como se presentan naturalmente, sin manipular deliberadamente ninguna condición. Es con enfoque cuantitativo ya que se basa en la recolección y el análisis de datos numéricos. La investigación es de alcance descriptivo y correlacional, así mismo podemos mencionar que la investigación es de tipo transeccional o transversal ya que recolecta datos en un solo momento, es decir en un tiempo único.  En cuanto al método teórico, se utiliza un enfoque de análisis-síntesis.  Además, se emplea un enfoque inductivo-deductivo, lo que implica la elaboración de hipótesis o teorías basadas en la observación y recopilación de información. En cuanto al método empírico, se realizó una consulta bibliográfica exhaustiva para recopilar información relevante de fuentes confiables y actualizadas. En general, se evidencia una mayor tendencia masculina a aceptar ciertos niveles de micromachismos en comparación con las mujeres, aunque en todos los tipos analizados, la mayoría de ambos grupos coincide en que nunca es adecuado. Estas discrepancias reflejan diferencias en la percepción y tolerancia hacia estos comportamientos entre hombres y mujeres.