bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Science Process Skills in Physics Education: The Impact of the Phyphox Smartphone Application in High School Laboratories
Authors: Evains Andio Calen , Anggereni Santih , Lanto Muh. Said
Published: March 2024

This study explores the effectiveness of smartphones as measurement tools in physics laboratories, focusing on the science process skills of Class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Wajo. Employing a Pre-Experimental One-Shot Case Study design, we integrated the Phyphox application into the curriculum and analyzed its impact on students' scientific understanding. Our methodology included purposive sampling of 24 students and data collection via science process skill tests, lesson plans, and student worksheets. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses revealed a significant improvement in students' science process skills, with an average score of 72.08. The one-sample t-test showed an essential value of 0.000, indicating a positive effect of the Phyphox application. These findings suggest a potential shift towards technologically integrated learning environments in physics education, enhancing student engagement and comprehension. While promising, the study acknowledges its sample size and context limitations, highlighting the need for further research in diverse educational settings. This study contributes to the growing body of research advocating digital tools in education, aiming to prepare students for a technologically advanced world.
Development of Renewable Energy Modules with Contextual Teaching Learning Helpful Augmented Reality (AR) Integrated Al-Qur’an Class X SMA/MA
Authors: Karlina Mella , Chandra A N , Imamora M , Idrus H
Published: March 2024

This research was motivated by the limited teaching materials used by educators in the learning process. The only teaching materials available are textbooks and handouts, but there are no learning modules yet. The research was conducted on renewable energy material for class X SMA/MA. Augmented Reality (AR) is needed for renewable energy materials to be able to change images into three dimensions. Research conducted at Madrasah Aliyah strongly supports modules that integrate verses from the Koran. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a Renewable Energy module with Contextual Teaching Learning assisted by Augmented Reality (AR) integrated with the Koran. The type of development research used is the 4-D model (Define, Design, Development, Dissemination). However, the development of this AR-based integrated physics learning module for Al-Qur'an verses only uses three stages, namely Define, Design, and Development. The instrument used in this research is the validation sheet. The research results show that the module developed is valid and very practical for use by educators and students in learning.
Kaempferol regulates apoptosis and migration of neural stem cells to attenuate cerebral infarction by O‐GlcNAcylation of β-catenin
Authors: Zhang Song , Jiao Honglei
Published: March 2024

Ischemic stroke remains a major cause of disability and death. Kaempferol (Kae) is a neuroprotective flavonoid compound. Thus, this study aimed to explore the impact of Kae on cerebral infarction. We generated the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model to study the effects of Kae on infarction volume and neurological function. The oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)/reoxygenation (R) model of neural stem cells (NSCs) was established to study the effects of Kae on cell viability, migration, and apoptosis. Cell processes were assessed by cell counting kit-8, Transwell assay, flow cytometry, and TUNEL analysis. The molecular mechanism was assessed using the Western blot. The results indicated that Kae attenuated MCAO-induced cerebral infarction and neurological injury. Besides, Kae promoted cell viability and migration and inhibited apoptosis of OGD/R-treated NSCs. Moreover, OGD/R suppressed total O‐GlcNAcylation level and O‐GlcNAcylation of β-catenin, thereby suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, whereas Kae reversed the suppression. Inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway abrogated the biological functions of NSCs mediated by Kae. In conclusion, Kae suppressed cerebral infarction by facilitating NSC viability, migration, and inhibiting apoptosis. Mechanically, Kae promoted O‐GlcNAcylation of β-catenin to activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Kae may have a lessening effect on ischemic stroke.
Collaborative optimization algorithm for electric vehicle industry chain based on regional economic development needs
Authors: Lu Man , Sun Jianfei
Published: March 2024

With the development of the economy, many regions have experienced a slowdown in economic growth. In order to promote the development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry, the country has also begun to introduce various policies to encourage the development of the EV industry. In this context, many local governments have begun to introduce policies and measures related to the development of the EV industry, such as increasing land use for the development of the EV industry and increasing support for the new energy automobile industry. These policy measures have played a positive role in promoting the development of the EV industry, but there are also some problems. For example, when many local governments introduce policies to support the development of the new energy automobile industry, their support for the EV industry is not significant. This article studied the collaborative optimization of the EV industry chain in response to issues such as insufficient technical strength, imbalanced supply-demand relationship, and insufficient downstream service chain capabilities in the EV industry chain. This article analyzed the composition of the EV industry chain and established an EV industry chain model to address these issues. This article used collaborative optimization algorithms to analyze the production volume of EVs in the EV industry chain, as well as the comprehensive efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency values of upstream, midstream, and downstream. Through experimental analysis, it was found that the comprehensive efficiency value of the upstream of the EV industry chain after using the collaborative optimization algorithm was 0.0792 higher than before. The research results of this article have provided reference significance for the analysis of collaborative optimization algorithms in other fields.
Effect of temperature on oxidation during boriding of Ni-Hard 4
Authors: Aydoğmuş Tuna
Published: March 2024

Ni-Hard 4, also known as white cast iron, is widely used in many applications that demand high mechanical strength. This material is recognized for its ability to withstand challenging conditions. In this study, surface modification processes, particularly boriding, were carried out on the material. Boriding is considered an effective process for enhancing the mechanical strength of a surface. While there are various methods for performing boriding, the pack-boriding method was chosen for this study. This method was applied in a typical heat treatment furnace. Ni-Hard 4 specimens were subjected to different combinations of temperature (1000–1200 °C) and 4 h duration, resulting in a total of three distinct samples. Subsequently, the microstructure, hardness, and chemical composition of the boride layers formed on the material’s surface were meticulously examined. As a result of the detailed analysis, it was determined that if the boriding process was carried out in a furnace without controlled atmosphere, high temperature oxidation started on the surface of Ni-Hard 4, and in this case it increased in parallel with the increase in temperature.
The crystal structure of t-butyl 7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoate, C28H34FNO4
Authors: Alex Vergiro Tchuente Fofeu , Xie Tai-Yang , Zou Jing , Xu Xin-Xin , Xu Rou-Han , Jiang Cheng-Jun
Published: March 2024

C28H34FNO4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 21.7795(12) Å, b = 5.9103(4) Å, c = 39.830(2) Å, β = 100.866(3)°, V = 5035.1(5) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0487, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1376, T = 170 K.
Evaluation of magnetic and electrochemical performance of copper oxide nanoparticles using Myristica fragrans (mace) extract
Authors: Murugan Shandhiya , Balraj Deepika , Amirtharajan Saranya , Manimuthu Ramesh P , N Venkata Rama R , Balasundaram Janarthanan , Ziaudeen Mohamed R , Saminathan Sharmila
Published: March 2024

The synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using natural extract encourages the futuristic design of an environmentally friendly system by getting rid of the dangerous, toxic substances. The food industry in India is paying a lot of attention to Myristica fragrans, often known as mace, due to its rich medicinal significance. In the current study, M. fragrans (Mace) aqueous extract was used to prepare copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. Phytochemical screening confirms the presence of bioactive substances such as alkaloids, sterols, glycosides, and flavonoids in the extract. XRD and SEM measurements show that the nanoparticles have a monoclinic structure with polyhedral shape. Using the Debye-Scherrer formula, the material’s average crystallite size was found to be 85 nm. Based on the Tauc plot, an optical band gap of the prepared CuO NPs was calculated as 2.6 eV. At room temperature, the material’s magnetic property was investigated using VSM analysis. Congo red was used to examine the photocatalytic properties of the materials with various timings. CuO nanoparticles’ antibacterial activity was evaluated at various doses against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Almost, CuO NPs exhibit better response against both the bacteria. Moreover, research investigations using cyclic voltammetry was carried out to assess the produced nanoparticles’ pseudocapacitive qualities. At a scan rate of 10 mV s−1, the material produced a good specific capacitance of 233.8 F/g with 1 M of KOH as an electrolyte.
Lean Photovoltaik
Authors: Kern Ferdinand , Mielke Tim , Biernath Helge
Published: March 2024

The expansion of renewable energies poses a significant challenge worldwide. Numerous national and international agreements and laws promote and demand a much stronger expansion than before. A significant contribution is expected from the increased use of photovoltaics (PV). Large scale solar power plants cover vast areas and consist of hundreds of thousands of modules. With increasing quantities, the potential to make installation more efficient using factory operation methods also increases. However, established approaches such as Lean Production Systems (LPS) cannot be transferred from the factory to the PV construction site without adaptations, due to the different preconditions. In a previous article, the challenges in the installation of PV power plants and the potential for the implementation of LPS have been analysed based on a study of the current state of production efficiency. For this purpose, solar projects by Sunstall Inc., USA, were accompanied. In this article, the implementation and the results of an experimental application of LPS on these solar projects are presented.
Einsparpotenzial alternativer Trocknungstechnologien
Authors: Magin Jonathan , Elserafi Ghada , von Hayn Adrian , Stellmacher Katrin , Weigold Matthias
Published: March 2024

The importance of parts cleaning and drying in the metal cutting industry is increasing due to higher quality requirements. At the same time, rising energy prices and climate policy goals create increasing incentives to reduce energy consumption. This study quantifies savings potentials in the use of infrared radiators and inductors in industrial parts drying. The performed experiments illustrate that alternative drying technologies enable a reduction in energy consumption up to 65 %.
Handlungsstufenplan für Digitalisierungsprojekte in der Produktion
Authors: Beckschulte Sebastian , Huebser Louis , Schulze Tobias , Schmitt Robert H.
Published: March 2024

In a rapidly evolving production landscape, digitalization projects are gaining increasing importance. An action level plan is a versatile tool and offers a structured framework for successfully implementing digitalization projects in production. A practical example from the automotive industry is used to analyze challenges, opportunities and key findings that can support manufacturing companies in the successful implementation of digitalization projects.
Quantenalgorithmen zur Optimierung von Produktions- und Logistikprozessen
Authors: Klug Florian
Published: March 2024

Quantum computing is an important building block for the digitalized future of a company. Successes in recent years – in the development, construction and operation of quantum computers – have led to the achievement of a preliminary stage of industrialization. Quantum-based algorithms have the potential to solve operational decision-making problems more quickly and thus to manage complex decision-making situations dynamically. German industrial companies can already demonstrate the first concrete use cases for quantum algorithms to optimize factory processes.
Eine Referenzarchitektur für das Industrial Metaverse
Authors: Ullrich Marco , Heller Jonas , Knüpper Jonas , Lüdemann-Ravit Bernd
Published: March 2024

Das Industrial Metaverse scheint der nächste große Game Changer in der modernen Industrie zu werden und wird diese signifikant verändern. Die Vision ist nicht nur die Simulation einer einzelnen Anlage, wie sie Unternehmen heute beispielsweise bei der virtuellen Inbetriebnahme einsetzen, sondern ganzheitlicher Anlagenverbunde aus heterogenen Maschinen samt Fabrikperipherie und Infrastruktur – einer Digitalen Fabrik. Um das Industrial Metaverse zum Leben zu erwecken, wird eine Vielzahl zusätzlicher Technologien und Innovationen benötigt, als lediglich Digitale Zwillinge. Dieser Beitrag schlägt eine ganzheitliche Referenzarchitektur eines Industrial Metaverse vor und fokussiert auf dessen Nutzen.
The Inflation Reduction Act as an Element of Shaping the US Grand Strategy and the UN Strategy of Global Goals
Authors: Lizak Robert , Skuza Sebastian
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this article is to present the US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), signed by the US president on 16 August 2022, which provides the legal basis for the largest nationwide public investment in the economic, social and environmental spheres since the 1930s. The Act is an offshoot of the 2020–2021 legislative effort known as the Build Back Better Plan, which aims to create synergies between the US Grand Strategy to maintain the ‘exorbitant privilege’ of being the economic hegemon (resulting from the balance of power in the global economy and international politics, the status of the US dollar as an international currency and the oversight of the global reserve currency that has protected US sovereignty, security and prosperity to date) and the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development, adopted in 2015 by 193 UN Member States. The assessment of the US IRA is relevant not only because of the attempt made to holistically assess US strategic policy goals, including in the area of sustainable finance, but also to isolate global development trends in economic, social and environmental areas.
EU Regulation of the Crypto-Assets Market
Authors: Hrabčák Ladislav , Štrkolec Miroslav
Published: March 2024

The present paper discusses the issue of regulation of the crypto-assets market. This area is still struggling with a lack of legislation, and there are only some initiatives to regulate the market. The aim of the article is to analyse the state of legal regulation of the crypto-assets market while simultaneously pointing out problematic issues with de lege ferenda proposals. For this purpose, we established two hypotheses: the crypto-assets market needs to be regulated by legal acts of a European nature (H1), and the adopted EU legal acts regulating the crypto-assets market are adequate and sufficient (H2). Several types of scientific papers, such as analysis, synthesis, and the historical method, were used in the preparation of this paper.
Tax Instalment Plans: A Legal Instrument of Financial Sustainability in a Crisis
Authors: Svobodová Tereza
Published: March 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic as well as the war in Ukraine represent the biggest hit to the Czech economy since the Great Recession. In the Czech Republic, several tax measures are being used to help economic entities overcome the current crisis and keep their businesses running. One of them is the tax instalment plan. This article aims to identify why the tax instalment plan could be an appropriate fiscal measure in times of economic crisis. The author presents a classical legal instrument in the tax area – the tax instalment plan – and analyses it from an innovative point of view rather than the usual perspective, that is, from the macroeconomic point of view. The article analyses the legal conditions for the use of this instrument in the Czech Republic, points out the difficulties of interpretation in practice and evaluates it in the context of the theoretical background of desirable fiscal crisis measures. The conclusions of the research confirm the hypothesis that this legal instrument is an effective and used tool for facilitating the sustainability of private and public finances in times of crisis. It combines the desirable aspects of both automatic stabilisers and discretionary measures.
Towards the Greening of Banking: A Comparison of the Polish and Czech Financial Markets
Authors: Jurkowska-Zeidler Anna , Schweigl Johan
Published: March 2024

The role of the banking system in promoting and implementing the Sustainable Development Goals in Europe has recently become very significant. As an important part of the financial sector, green banking helps to achieve the goals of sustainable development, which, in times of global financial, economic, climate, and social crises and of war, is very important. The authors aim to present the general approach to ‘green banking’ in Poland and the Czech Republic as represented by the banking sectors themselves and the national regulatory and supervisory authorities, with reference to the EU legal framework. They posit that ‘green banking’ is an increasingly important trend in the development of the Polish and Czech financial markets and conclude that EU regulations are the biggest driver of change in green finance, resulting in an increased awareness of environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors. What is required, however, is greater systemic involvement of the institutions that constitute the financial safety net, especially central banks. The research has used a theoretical and dogmatic-legal method, based on content analysis and the availability of source information, i.e. theoretical-legal publications, overview sector reports, and, in particular, legal regulations key to the topic.
Constitutional and Legal Regulations on Financial Security and the Security of the Financial Interest of the State in Regard to the Challenges of the 21st Century
Authors: Feret Elżbieta
Published: March 2024

This study demonstrates the interdependence of constitutional regulations and two types of state financial security: general financial security and the security of the financial interest of the state. An indication of these two types is possible due to existing legal regulations resulting primarily from constitutional regulations, but also from ordinary laws that allow for the analysis of the activities of public authorities in the field of collecting and spending public funds, in the budgetary, tax and banking contexts. The considerations discussed here are of particular importance due to the unstable political, economic, social and, above all, financial situation. In such difficult circumstances, it seems obvious that constitutional regulations should be the basis for ensuring the financial security of the state, while indicating to what extent the applicable provisions meet the challenges of the modern, unstable world. The considerations have been based primarily on the regulations resulting from the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, with an indication of which are the most important from the point of view of the adopted topic, the regulation of separate acts. In order to discuss the selected issues, it has also been necessary to refer to selected bibliographic items and court decisions. The study is selective and not comprehensive, constituting a stimulus for further research in this area.
MİRASÇININ ERKEN ÖLÜMÜNÜN İVAZLI MİRAS SÖZLEŞMELERİNE ETKİLERİNİN (TMK. m. 548) DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ARPACI Özge
Published: March 2024

TMK. m. 548 uyarınca, iradi mirasçıyla akdedilen miras sözleşmesi, mirasçının mirasbırakanın ölümünü görecek kadar yaşamaması halinde, kanun gereği kendiliğinden ortadan kalkmaktadır. Ancak sözleşmenin bir bütün halinde kendiliğinden ortadan kalkmış sayılması, bir takım şartların oluşmasına bağlıdır. Bir ivaz edinmeden yapılan olumlu miras sözleşmelerinde, sözleşmenin kendiliğinden sona ermesi, gerek mirasbırakanın gerekse lehtarın mirasçılarının ifa yükümlülüğünü sona erdirmektedir. Dolayısıyla ivazsız akdedilen bu sözleşmelerde ivazın iadesi açısından herhangi hukuki bir sorunla karşılaşılmazken, ivazlı akdedilen sözleşmelerde uyuşmazlık çıkma olasılığı mevcuttur. Bu doğrultuda kanunkoyucu, ilgili hükmün ikinci fıkrası ile konuya açıklık getirmeye çalışmışsa da, ilgili fıkranın çok da açık olmayan ifadesi, özellikle İsviçre doktrininde haklı olarak görüş ayrılıklarına sebep olmuştur. Kanunkoyucu tarafından olumlu miras sözleşmeleri için düzenlenen bu hükme paralel bir hüküm ise, mirastan feragat sözleşmeleri açısından mevcut değildir. Mirastan feragat sözleşmelerinde de, mirasçının erken ölümü elbette söz konu-su olabilir. Bu durumda da gerek sözleşmenin akıbeti gerekse ivazın iadesinde başvurulacak kanun hükümlerinin belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir.
Subfracture Mechanical Properties
Authors:   James River Corporation, Baum Gary A.
Published: March 2024

Virtually all paper and board grades have one or more mechanical property specifications. These are typically fracture properties, but the subfracture mechanical properties are also important. In many situations raw material and papermaking variables impact subfracture and fracture properties in similar and predictable ways. In this review we discuss the impact of fiber and paper machine variables on the mechanical properties of paper and board up to the point of failure. As with any real material, the physical properties (mechanical, optical, electrical, etc.) are not independent but depend upon the constituents and structure of the material. We discuss these connections where appropriate. From a historical perspective, those “turning points” that led us to greater understanding of the mechanical properties are pointed out, as are situations where work is needed.
Optimal Conditions for Laminating and Adhesion of Wax-based Hot Melt Coatings on Paper
Authors:   Laboratoire de Genie des Procedes Papetiers, Ecole Frangaise de Papeterie et des Industries Graphiques, BP 65, 38402 Saint Martin d'Heres, Helly C. , Serra-Tosio J. M. ,   Laboratoire de Genie des Procedes Papetiers, Ecole Frangaise de Papeterie et des Industries Graphiques, BP 65, 38402 Saint Martin d'Heres, Le Nest J. F. ,   Laboratoire Materiaux Polymeres, Ecole Francaise de Papeterie et des Industries Graphiques, BP 65, 38402 Saint Martin d'Heres
Published: March 2024

Wax based hot melts used for food packaging are blends of paraffin waxes, microcrystalline waxes and low density polyethylene whose characteristics are adapted to each specific application. The results of differential scanning calorimetry analysis at different cooling rates show that the crystallisation temperature of the polyethylene is a linear function of the logarithm of the rate of cooling. By extrapolating these results to very much greater cooling rates, we have assumed the existence of a critical rate of cooling for which the polyethylene and the paraffin wax crystallise simultaneously. By using finite element methods we have produced a heat transfer model that permits the rate of cooling at all points in the paper hot melt structure to be predicted throughout a manufacturing process.
Monitoring of the content and migration of heavy metals in the soils–melliferous plants–bees–beekeeping products system in biocenoses of the combat areas
Authors: Atarshchykova A. T. , Zhukorskyi O. M. , Postoienko V. O.
Published: March 2024

Aim. To determine the specificities of perennial dynamics in the number of the main corn insect pests in different natural and climatic zones of Ukraine under climate change. Methods. The field, laboratory, mathematical methods were used. The materials of the phytosanitary entomological monitoring of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Con- sumer Protection (2005–2021) in the basic 161 enterprises in Ukraine’s regions using methodologically standardized annual registrations of the main harmful organisms of agrocenoses (Borzykh еt al, 2018). Six groups of the main corn insect pests were investigated: corn borers (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner), wireworms (Elateridae) and false wireworms (Te- nebrionidae), cutworms (Noctuida), southern dusty surface beetle (Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyllenhal), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner), and cereal aphids (Schizaphis graminum) Rondani. The database of the Hydrometeoro- logical Center of Ukraine was used to analyze climate parameters (2005–2021). The statistical analysis of the data was conducted using MS Excel and the linear correlation-regression analysis according to Pearson, Student’s criterion was used to evaluate the reliability (probability) of the correlation coefficients. Results. The results of correlational analysis of the state of populations of the main corn insect pests demonstrated that climate change has not considerably affected the number of corn borers as well as wireworms and false wireworms in all the natural and climatic zones of Ukraine yet. A reliable moderate reverse correlation (r = –0.309) was found between the number of cutworms and the sum of effective temperatures (SET) only for the Forest-Steppe conditions – under the increase in the SET, the number of these insects was smaller. The number of the southern dusty surface beetle was in direct, reliable, moderate correlation (r = 0.335) with the SET in the Steppe, for instance, the pest responded to the increase in the SET with the rise in its number. The number of cotton bollworms in Polissia was in reliable moderate correlation (r = –0.489) with the SET. The number of cereal aphids was in a reliable moderate direct correlation (r = 0.529) with the SET in Polissia: at the increase in the SET, the number of these pests was increasing. Conclusions. Conclusions: Climate changes do not considerably affect the state of the populations of the main corn insect pests in all the natural and climatic zones of Ukraine yet: we found the correlations between the number of insect pests and the SET which did not exceed such values as weak, moderate, and conspicuous. Significant changes in the state of insect pest populations should be expected if the sum of effective temperatures during the vegetation period will considerably affect the performance and feeding qualities of the cultivated plants.
Evaluation of the component’s contribution in endothelium-dependent acetylcholine-induced relaxation of the rat aorta
Authors:   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Mezhenskyi O.R. , Philyppov I.B. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

The regulation of rat aorta vascular tone involves various factors, including endothelium-derived hyperpolarization factor (EDHF), nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins, and sensory nerves. While these elements can function independently, their pathways intersect at various points, complicating the assessment of their individual contributions. The aim of this study was to establish the numerical contributions of EDHF, NO, prostaglandins, and also the effect of the sensory nerve on acetylcholine-induced relaxation on the background of phenylephrine preconstriction using contraction and relaxation measurements in Wistar rat thoracic aorta. EDHF, whose action is mediated through potassium channels, emerges as a crucial regulator. Blockage of inward rectifier potassium (KIR) channels integral to EDHF significantly abolishes 50% of the relaxation amplitude in comparison to control conditions. Endothelial TRPV4 channel, exhibiting a fine-tuning role, contributes to a 25% reduction in the amplitude of acetylcholine-induced relaxation in comparison to control relaxation. NO demonstrates its vasodilatory prowess, with NO blockage eliminating 77% of the residual relaxation effect after KIR blockage. Blockage of prostaglandin functions, modulated by cyclooxygenase 1, reduces relaxation by 44% in comparison to control relaxation. Desensitization of sensory nerves with capsaicin, shows a minor yet significant role, in the reduction of acetylcholine-induced relaxation amplitude by 10%. In conclusion, we established that the main element of acetylcholine-induced relaxation is EDHF with approximately 50% of relaxation amplitude depending on it.
ACTIVITY OF POLIOLYTIC PATHWAY ENZYMES IN RAT KIDNEYS UNDER CONDITIONS OF DIFFERENT PROTEIN AND SUCROSE SUPPLY IN THE DIET
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Ukraine, Voloshchuk O.M. , Kopylchuk Н.P. ,   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

The study examined the activity of enzymes in the polyol pathway and the status of free radical processes in the kidneys of rats subjected to different dietary protein and sucrose levels. It was found that the kidneys of animals consuming a highsucrose diet, irrespective of protein content, exhibited the highest increase in the activity of polyol pathway enzymes, namely aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase. Consumption of a high-sucrose diet enhances the generation of O2 •- in the kidneys by almost twofold, and hydroxyl radical by over fourfold compared to control indicators. This is accompanied by a twofold increase in the content of TBARS-active products and a threefold increase in the content of carbonyl derivatives of proteins, against the background of a decrease in the content of free thiol groups in proteins. The pronounced generation of hydroxyl radicals, accumulation of TBARS-active products, and reduction in the content of free SH-groups in proteins are characteristic of animals that consumed a high-sucrose diet in the context of dietary protein deficiency. It has been demonstrated that excessive sucrose consumption is a critical factor, influencing the activity of enzymes in the polyol pathway and the intensity of free radical processes. The obtained results may be considered as predisposing factors for disruptions in the structural and functional organization of the kidneys under conditions of nutrient imbalance.
EVALUATION OF THE FORM AND DISTRIBUTION OF PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE IN HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES EXPOSED TO POSTHYPERTONIC SHOCK UNDER THE PROTECTION OF AMPHIPHILIC COMPOUNDS
Authors:   Institute of Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Nipot O.E. , Yershova N.A. ,   Institute of Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Chabanenko O.O. ,   Institute of Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Zubov P.M. ,   Institute of Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Shpakova N.M. ,   Institute of Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

The search for protective substances that can be used during red blood cell thawing and the study of their effects on red blood cells contribute to increasing the number and quality of viable cells after the cryopreservation cycle. We studied the effect of posthypertonic shock and amphiphilic compounds on the shape and eryptosis of human erythrocytes. The method of flow cytometry was used, this allows analyzing two parameters simultaneously, which increases the efficiency of research. The shape was assessed by the sphericity index (SphI), and eryptosis by the redistribution of phosphatidylserine to the membrane outer surface. It has been shown that sodium decylsulfate and chlorpromazine reduce erythrocyte damage in posthypertonic shock by 3.6 and 4.2 times, respectively. Sodium decylsulfate helps to preserve the shape of cells (SphI coefficient remains the same), while when chlorpromazine is used, the shape changes towards spherical (SphI coefficient changes 2 times). The study of the level of Annexin V FITC binding to phosphatidylserine in outer layer of membrane revealed a concentration-dependent increase in fluorescence when sodium decylsulfate was used, indicating a disorder of the bilayer asymmetry. In contrast, chlorpromazine did not change the distribution of phosphatidylserine. Comparison of two parameters of cell viability - the sphericity coefficient and anexin binding - allowed us to choose the conditions that are optimal for the use of the studied protective substances. Namely, it is advisable to use the lowest effective concentration of sodium decylsulfate (200 mcmol/l) for protective purposes. This ensures the preservation of the cell shape and minimal impact on the membrane asymmetry.
The influence of phenformin on the extracellular matrix of the liver of rats under long-term administration of ethanol [
Authors:   Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine, Mykytenko A.O. , Akimov O.Y. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine, Neporada K.S. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

Experimental and clinical studies have revealed the influence of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling on the development of non-alcoholic liver fibrosis. Currently, the results of experimental studies demonstrate that inhibition of AMPK promotes fibrogenesis, while its activation prevents the development of liver fibrosis. The purpose of this work is to establish the effect of activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by the administration of phenformin on the content of glycosaminoglycans, oxyproline and sialic acids in the liver of rats under the conditions of long-term administration of ethanol. The study was conducted on 24 male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each, on which we modeled ethanol-induced liver damage and administered phenformin hydrochloride at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The experiment lasted 63 days. In the liver of rats, the content of total glycosaminoglycans, the concentration of heparin-heparan, keratan-dermatan and chondroitin fractions of glycosaminoglycans, the content of free oxyproline and sialic acids were studied. Long-term alcoholization leads to a violation of the extracellular matrix of the liver of rats, which is evidenced by a decrease in the concentration of proteoglycans and a redistribution of their fractions in the direction of a decrease in anti-inflammatory and regenerative fractions. Chronic intake of alcohol increases the processes of desialylation of glycoconjugates and the intensity of collagenolysis. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by administration of phenformin under the conditions of simulating ethanol-induced liver damage leads to an increase in the concentration of glycosaminoglycans due to the growth of heparin-heparan and chondroitin fractions and reduces the intensity of desialylation of glycoconjugates and collagenolysis in the liver of rats.
Lexico-semantic processes in modern scientific texts: from the dynamics of the literary norm to style polymorphism
Authors:   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kots Tetiana
Published: March 2024

The article analyzes lexical-semantic processes in modern scientific texts. In the aspect of the literary norm, the activation of rarely used, reactivation of outdated, determinologizing, expansion of the meaning of special, functioning of foreign vocabulary was observed. The word-forming tendencies of the scientific style are highlighted, taking into account the internal laws and potential possibilities of the Ukrainian language. Scientific style, under the influence of the trends of language democratization, expands its own possibilities in the choice of linguistic means, activates the passive fund of the literary dictionary, creates new contextual opportunities for the development of semantic connotations. The main challenges of this sphere of linguistic life are the spread of general negative tendencies of the lexical norm (restriction of word-formation potential, excessive variability, tracing of determinologized nominations and terms) and, as a result, the threat of losing the basic definition of style as a standard of literary language. In the aspect of stylistic norms, excessive expression of texts due to the use of means not typical for scientific language was recorded: colloquialisms, neologisms, ideologues, slangisms, etc. Such processes cause the phenomenon of stylistic polymorphism with the possibility of destroying the established functional capabilities of the language. Keywords: scientific style, scientific text, literary norm, stylistic norm, lexical-semantic processesces, linguistic expression.
The Ukrainian language in the business environment after the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany, Pidkuimukha Liudmyla
Published: March 2024

The full-scale war of Russia against Ukraine that started on February 24, 2022, has caused changes in the cultural, religious, and language areas. Since then, more and more Ukrainian citizens decided to switch to Ukrainian recognizing Russian as the language of the enemy. The study aims to investigate how the full-scale intervention has determined the language attitude, language shift, and language behaviour of Ukrainian businesses and businesspersons. The research data used for analysis includes both written and video interviews with business owners and CEOs of the companies as well as their posts on social media, namely Telegram, Facebook, and Twitter. The stories of Oleh Horokhovs’kyi, Nataliia Jemchenko, Volodymyr Popereshniuk, Vjacheslav Klymov, Oleksii Vadaturskyi, Valeriia Guzema, etc. and their business as well as position of the Ukrainian banks and official institutions form the core of the study. This material has been chosen since it represents demonstrative samples of businesspersons’ language practices and their reflections on the language situation in Ukraine, the role of the language in national building, sovereignty, and national security. The business representatives clarify their language choices and explain how it has influenced identity construction, as well as developing their linguistic personality. Moreover, the change in the status of the Russian language and its role in Ukraine and the Ukrainian business environment has been investigated. The analysis reveals that the concepts of language behaviour, language choice, and language attitude describe the language situation studied during the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war. Keywords: language situation, language behaviour, Ukrainian language, Russian language, language shift.
Nausea and Vomiting as Initial Manifestations of Pediatric NMOSD
Authors: Cabal Herrera Ana Maria , Mandle Quinton , Varma Hersh , Magaña Setty
Published: March 2024

Intractable nausea and vomiting are commonly attributed to gastrointestinal (GI) conditions but can sometimes be a symptom of an underlying central nervous system disease. One potentially overlooked neurologic cause of intractable nausea and vomiting that is refractory to antiemetics is area postrema syndrome (APS). APS is a condition characterized by lesions of the dorsal caudal medulla and is considered a core clinical feature of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). APS is present in up to 30% of patients ultimately diagnosed with NMOSD and can be the first presenting symptom of NMOSD in 12% of patients, as our case illustrates. Importantly, APS is highly responsive to immunotherapy. We present the case of a 14-year-old female with a history of migraines who presented to the emergency department multiple times for persistent nausea, vomiting, and hiccups. Multiple GI diagnoses were considered until she developed additional neurologic symptoms that prompted further workup and revealed the final diagnosis of NMOSD-APS. We posit that NMOSD-APS should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients with intractable nausea and vomiting, especially in patients with a negative GI workup result and poor response to antiemetics.
Típus-lakóépületek Magyarországon
Authors: Mándoki Réka
Published: March 2024

Az elmúlt ötven év során sok iparágban, például a ruha- és a bútoriparban, az egyedileg tervezett és gyártott, kisszériás áruk helyét egyre inkább a sorozatgyártott tömegtermékek vették át a fejlett országokban. Mivel a sorozatgyártás lehetőséget biztosít a termékek optimalizálására, azok sok esetben olcsóbbak és kiszámíthatóbb minőségűek lehetnek, mint az egyedi termékek. Ez pedig egy megfelelően széles választék fenntartása mellett kifejezetten vonzó a vásárlók többsége számára.

Bár az építőipar más iparágakhoz képest lassan fejlődik, az épületelemek előregyártása egyre jellemzőbbé válik Európában a szakképzett munkaerő hiánya és a helyszíni kivitelezés kockázatai miatt. Egyelőre ugyan a legtöbb épület még egyedi tervek alapján születik, de az előregyártás terjedésével, a nagy fejlesztő cégek térnyerésével és a lakáspiac drágulásával kérdéses, hogy a lakóépületek meddig lesznek képesek megőrizni az egyediségüket vagy egy hasonló folyamatnak leszünk hamarosan a szemtanúi, mint ami a ruha- és a bútoriparban lejátszódott.

Mivel az épített környezettől elvárt egyediség összefügg az ember megélt tapasztalataival, a felvázolt jelenség apropóján a jelen cikk azt vizsgálja, hogy Magyarországon milyen motivációk álltak a formai szempontból egynemű lakókörnyezetek létrejöttének hátterében. A példák felsorolása mellett a cikk felvázol egy keretrendszert, amin belül értelmezhetővé válnak azok a társadalmi folyamatok, amik megmagyarázzák, hogy miért és miként építünk típusépületeket. A javasolt rendszerezés szempontként vonja be a típusépületek elemzésébe, hogy ezek az épületek fentről lefelé vagy alulról felfelé építkező folyamat eredményei-e, elterjedésük projektspecifikus-e, és hogy maguk az épületelemek szabványosítottak-e.

A jelen cikk a körülöttünk lezajló folyamatok értelmezésén felül egyfelől bemutat példákat arra, amikor a típusépületek használatával harmonikus épített környezet jön létre, másfelől pedig bemutatja azt is, hogy milyen okok állhatnak amögött, amikor a típusépületek nem válnak be. Mindez segíthet abban, hogy elkerüljük a jövőben az olyan épületek sorozatgyártását, amelyek borítékolhatóan nem lesznek képesek hosszú távon is megőrizni társadalmi elfogadottságukat.
INFESTASI EKTOPARASIT Dactylogyrus sp DI SUNGAI KELEKAR, INDRALAYA, SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Dwinanti Sefti Heza , Septarisa Geza Intan , Tanbiyaskur Tanbiyaskur , Amin Muhammad , Rarassari Madyasta Anggana
Published: March 2024

Parasit Dactylogyrus sp. merupakan ektoparasit yang dapat ditemukan baik pada ikan budidaya ataupun ikan yang hidup di perairan umum seperti sungai. Informasi keberadaan parasit di perairan umum dapat dijadikan indikator lingkungan dan pertimbangan penggunaan sumber air untuk budidaya ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebaran parasit Dactylogyrus sp. pada ikan yang berasal dari Sungai Kelekar di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia. Sampel ikan diambil pada bulan Juni hingga Agustus 2020 di tiga desa yang dilintasi oleh Sungai Kelekar yaitu Desa Tanjung Baru, Desa Burai dan Desa Sakatiga. Jumlah ikan yang diperiksa sebanyak 374 ekor yang terdiri dari 14 spesies. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan R dengan “package bipartite” dan boxplot yang disajikan dalam bentuk gambar dan tabel. Selain Dactylogyrus sp.,, ektoparasit lain yang ditemukan adalah Argulus sp. dan Cyclops sp. Kecenderungan infestasi organ adalah insang dengan nilai prevalensi sebesar 46,48% sedangkan nilai intensitas sebesar 9,2 individu..ikan-1. Secara keseluruhan infestasi Dactylogyrus sp. pada ikan yang berasal dari Sungai Kelekar memiliki frekuensi infeksi umum (commonly) dengan tingkat infestasi moderat (moderate).Dactylogyrus sp is an ectoparasite that can be found in both farmed fish and wild fish populations. Information on the presence of parasites in wild fish populations can be used as an environmental indicator and consideration of the use of water sources for fish farming. This study aimed to determine the spread of ectoparasite Dactylogyrus sp. in fish originating from the Kelekar River in Ogan lir Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Fish samples were collected between June and August 2020 in three villages crossed by the Kelekar River, namely Tanjung Baru, Burai, and Salatiga villages. The number of fish examined was 374, consisting of 14 species, The data obtained were analyzed using R with the "bipartite package" and boxplot presented in figures and tables. Besides Dactylogyrus sp, other ectoparasites found were Argulus sp and Cyclops sp. The preferred infested organ by Dactylogyrus sp was in gills with a prevalence value of 46,48%, while the intensity value was 9.2 ind. fish, Overall, Dactylogyrus sp infestation in fish originating from the Kelekar River was categorized as a common infection with moderate intensity.
Heart to Heart
Authors: Attwood Jayarava
Published: March 2024

A comprehensive comparison of the Chinese and Sanskrit texts of the Heart Sutra shows that, even after correcting transmission errors, there are substantial differences between them. Most of the differences appear to arise from the process of translating the text from Chinese to Sanskrit in isolation from Sanskrit Prajñaparamita literary traditions. Some differences appear to reflect the differing doctrinal commitments of those involved in creating/transmitting the texts. Following a suggestion by Huifeng (2014), I take a phenomenological approach when reading the Heart Sutra, effectively creating a new kind of commentary that eschews the usual references to metaphysics, mysticism, and magic. The focus here is on the phenomenology of sensory experience and especially the cessation of sensory experience in meditation.
The Three Similes
Authors: Wolf Chris
Published: March 2024

In accounts of the Bodhisattva’s search for enlightenment, three similes come to his mind. In them, the requirement for physical and mental seclusion in the attainment of enlightenment is compared to a man who wants to light a fire by three different means. However, when comparing the different versions of these similes, one finds that they serve different and opposing purposes. The task of the current paper is to shed some light on the numerous variations in different occurrences of these three similes, to determine their purpose and their most appropriate place within the Buddha’s biographical narrative. I attempt this through a text-critical analysis and comparison of all versions available in their original Indian languages. The analysis shows that the similes do not fit best in the context of teaching about self-mortification in which they usually appear, but in the context of the Bodhisattva’s discovery of the path to enlightenment.