bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The sensitivity to context modulates executive control: Evidence from Malayalam–English bilinguals
Authors: Rafeekh Riya , Mishra Ramesh Kumar
Published: October 2020

In two experiments, we examined the hypothesis that bilingual speakers modulate their cognitive control settings dynamically in the presence of different interlocutors, and this can be captured through performance on a non-linguistic attention task. We introduced Malayalam–English bilinguals to interlocutors with varying L2 dominance through a pre-experiment familiarisation and interaction phase. Later, participants did the Flanker task while the interlocutors appeared before each trial. While in experiment one participants did the Flanker task with equal distribution of trials, in experiment two we manipulated the monitoring demands by changing the frequency of trials. Results showed that high-L2 proficient bilinguals had lower conflict effect on the Flanker task in the presence of balanced interlocutors in both the experiments. The results provide strong evidence of dynamic adaptation of control settings in bilinguals with regard to different passively present interlocutors. The results further extend the predictions of the adaptive control hypothesis with novel manipulation.
‘I should be disease free, healthy and be happy in whatever I do’: a cross-country analysis of drivers of adolescent diet and physical activity in different low- and middle-income contexts
Authors: Weller Susie , Hardy-Johnson Polly , Strommer Sofia , Fall Caroline , Banavali Ulka , Chopra Harsha , Janha Ramatoulie E , Joseph Shama , Reddy Kejal Joshi , Mengistie Mubarek Abera , Wrottesley Stephanie V , Kouakou Egnon , Barker Mary
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To explore perceptions of how context shapes adolescent diet and physical activity in eight low- and middle-income (LMIC) sites at different stages of societal and economic transition.

Design:

Novel qualitative secondary analysis of eight data sets generated as part of the international Transforming Adolescent Lives through Nutrition (TALENT) collaboration.

Setting:

Diverse sites in India and Sub-Saharan Africa.

Participants:

Fifty-two focus group discussions with 491 participants (303 adolescents aged 10–17 years; 188 caregivers).

Results:

Analysis of pooled qualitative data identified three themes: (1) transitions in generational nutrition education and knowledge; (2) transition in caregiver–adolescent power balance and (3) the implications of societal and economic transition for diet and physical activity. Adolescents in urban and peri-urban areas could readily access ‘junk’ food. Diets in rural settings were determined by tradition, seasonality and affordability. Physical activity was inhibited by site-specific factors including lack of space and crime in urban settings, and the prioritisation of academic performance. Gender influenced physical activity across all sites, with girls afforded fewer opportunities.

Conclusions:

Interventions to improve adolescent diet and physical activity in LMIC need to be complex, context-specific and responsive to transitions at the individual, economic and societal levels. Moreover, solutions need to acknowledge gender inequalities in different contexts, as well as structural and cultural influences on diet and physical activity in resource-limited settings. Programmes need to be effective in engaging and reconciling adolescents’ and caregivers’ perspectives. Consequently, there is a need for action at both the community-household level and also through policy.
The search for planet and planetesimal transits of white dwarfs with the Zwicky Transient Facility
Authors: Bell Keaton J.
Published: October 2020

Planetary materials orbiting white dwarf stars reveal the ultimate fate of the planets of the Solar System and all known transiting exoplanets. Observed metal pollution and infrared excesses from debris disks support that planetary systems or their remnants are common around white dwarf stars; however, these planets are difficult to detect since a very high orbital inclination angle is required for a small white dwarf to be transited, and these transits have very short (minute) durations. The low odds of catching individual transits could be overcome by a sufficiently wide and fast photometric survey. I demonstrate that, by obtaining over 100 million images of white dwarf stars with 30-second exposures in its first three years, the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) is likely to record the first exoplanetary transits of white dwarfs, as well as new systems of transiting, disintegrating planetesimals. In these proceedings, I describe my project strategy to discover these systems using the ZTF data.
The spectral evolution of hot white dwarfs
Authors: Bédard Antoine , Bergeron Pierre , Fontaine Gilles
Published: October 2020

As they evolve, white dwarfs undergo major changes in their atmospheric composition, a phenomenon known as spectral evolution. In particular, most hot He-rich (DO) stars transform into H-rich (DA) stars as they cool off, most likely as a result of the float-up of residual H. We investigate this DO-to-DA transition by taking advantage of the extensive spectroscopic dataset provided by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Using our new state-of-the-art non-LTE model atmospheres, we perform a spectroscopic analysis of 1882 hot (Teff >30,000 K) white dwarfs identified in the SDSS. We find that at least 15% of all white dwarfs are born with a He-dominated atmosphere. Among these, ∼2/3 turn into H-rich stars before they reach Teff ∼40,000 K, while the remaining ∼1/3 maintain their He-rich surface throughout their entire evolution. We speculate on the origin of these two groups of objects.
ANTARES: A gateway to ZTF and LSST alerts
Authors: Lee Chien-Hsiu , Soraisam Monika , Narayan Gautham , Matheson Thomas , Saha Abhijit , Stubens Carl , Wolf Nicholas
Published: October 2020

Studies of white dwarfs have greatly benefited from time-domain surveys and subsequent follow-up observations. However, with the avalanche of alerts delivered by ZTF and LSST and the limited resources for follow-up, we will need brokers to select intriguing alerts that warrant follow-up in a timely manner. At the University of Arizona and NSF’s OIR Lab, we are developing the Arizona-NOAO Temporal Analysis and Response to Events System, to hunt for the rarest of the rare events in the time-domain. In this work, we provide an overview of the ANTARES system, how we use ZTF as a training set, and the way forwards to LSST.
(Pre)-white dwarf stars as measuring tools for yields of AGB nucleosynthesis
Authors: Löbling Lisa
Published: October 2020

In the helium-rich intershell region of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, slow neutron-capture nucleosynthesis produces heavy elements beyond iron. If the stars experience a final-flash of the He-burning shell, a pulse-driven convection zone establishes, the stars become hydrogen-deficient and exhibit former intershell material at their surfaces. In their subsequent evolution towards the white-dwarf cooling sequence, but still at constant luminosity, a strong stellar wind prevents diffusion to wipe out the information about AGB yields. We present and interpret the analysis results of hydrogen-rich and -deficient post-AGB stars, discuss difficulties in their analysis and review the implications on the understanding of post-AGB evolution.
Masses of white dwarfs in symbiotic binaries
Authors: Hinkle Kenneth H. , Fekel Francis C. , Joyce Richard , Lebzelter Thomas , Straniero Oscar
Published: October 2020

Masses have been computed for the white dwarfs (WDs) in eclipsing, mass exchange (symbiotic), WD–red giant (RG) binaries by using single-lined spectroscopic orbits, orbital inclinations, and the RG masses. Inclinations have been measured for 13 eclipsing symbiotic binaries. Using Gaia data the mass of the RG can be found from evolutionary tracks. Since the WD evolved from the more massive star in the binary, the WD should be more massive than predicted from the mass of the current RG. Typically the WD has a lower mass than expected implying a previous mass exchange stage for these systems.
White dwarfs as advanced physics laboratories. The axion case
Authors: Isern Jordi
Published: October 2020

The shape of the luminosity function of white dwarfs (WDLF) is sensitive to the characteristic cooling time and, therefore, it can be used to test the existence of additional sources or sinks of energy such as those predicted by alternative physical theories. However, because of the degeneracy between the physical properties of white dwarfs and the properties of the Galaxy, the star formation history (SFH) and the IMF, it is almost always possible to explain any anomaly as an artifact introduced by the star formation rate. To circumvent this problem there are at least two possibilities, the analysis of the WDLF in populations with different stories, like disc and halo, and the search of effects not correlated with the SFH. These procedures are illustrated with the case of axions.
New population synthesis approach: The golden path to constrain stellar and galactic physics
Authors: Lagarde Nadège , Reylé Céline
Published: October 2020

The cornerstone mission of the European Space Agency, Gaia, has revealed properties of 260 000 white dwarfs in the Galaxy, allowing us for the first time to constrain the evolution of white dwarfs with a large sample. Complementary surveys (CoRoT, Kepler, K2, APOGEE and Gaia-ESO), will revolutionize our understanding of the formation and history of our Galaxy, providing accurate stellar masses, radii, ages, distances, and chemical properties for very large samples of stars across different Galactic stellar populations. To exploit the potential of the combination of spectroscopic, seismic and astrometric observations, the population synthesis approach is a very crucial and efficient tool. We develop the Besançon Galaxy model (BGM, Lagarde et al.2017) for which stellar evolution predictions are included, providing the global asteroseismic properties and the surface chemical abundances along the evolution of low- and intermediate-mass stars. For the first time, the BGM can explore the effects of an extra-mixing occurring in red-giant stars Lagarde et al.2019, changing their stellar properties. The next step is to model a consistent treatment of giant stars and their remnants (e.g., white dwarfs). This kind of improvement would help us to constrain stellar and Galactic evolutions.
QPOs from post-shock accretion column of strongly magnetized accreting white dwarfs
Authors: Bera Prasanta
Published: October 2020

An extended magnetosphere of a strongly magnetized accreting white dwarf (known as a polar) prevents the formation of an accretion disk and the matter is channelled to the magnetic pole(s). A few such sources show quasi-periodic oscillations in their optical light curves. These high-frequency oscillations are thought to be generated from the post-shock accretion column. The kinetic energy of the accretion flow is finally emitted from this post-shock region and the involved radiation processes decide the state of the matter. Here we study the structure and the dynamical properties of such accretion columns and compare the results with the observational characteristics.
Associations of Discrimination, Suicide Ideation Severity and Attempts, and Depressive Symptoms Among Sexual and Gender Minority Youth
Authors: Wyman Battalen Adeline , Mereish Ethan , Putney Jennifer , Sellers Christina M. , Gushwa Melinda , McManama O'Brien Kimberly H.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. We examined the unique associations among discrimination, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, and depressive symptoms in a sample of sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth as well as interpersonal mediators of these associations. Participants included 94 SGM youth ( Mage = 18; SD = 2.88) recruited from SGM-specific drop-in centers. We used mediation analyses to test the mediating effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness on the associations between discrimination and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and depressive symptoms, accounting for childhood trauma and sociodemographic variables (age, gender identity, race, and sexual orientation). Within our nonclinical community sample of SGM youth, 49% reported a lifetime suicide attempt, 84% reported current suicide ideation, and 82% reported current depressive symptoms. Experiencing discrimination was associated with greater likelihood of suicide attempts and depressive symptoms, and greater perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, over and above the effects of childhood trauma and sociodemographic variables. Discrimination was indirectly associated with greater depressive symptoms through perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, and with greater severity of suicidal ideation through perceived burdensomeness. Findings suggest clinicians should assess for discrimination and include a focus on perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness as targets of intervention for suicide and depression.
Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Madadin Mohammed , Menezes Ritesh G. , Alassaf Maha A. , Almulhim Abdulaziz M. , Abumadini Mahdi S. , Alnemer Fatimah A. , Alrasheed Fatimah R. , Alramadhan Alawiah K.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Background: Medical students are at high risk of suicidal ideation. Aim: We aimed to obtain information on suicidal ideation among medical students in Dammam located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine affiliated with Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Suicidal ideation in the past 12 months was assessed based on responses to four questions in the depression subscale of the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28). In addition, data were collected to examine the association of suicidal ideation with various factors. Results: We found that 1 in 3 medical students in the study had suicidal ideation in the past 12 months, while around 40% had lifetime suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was associated with feelings of parental neglect, history of physical abuse, and dissatisfaction with academic performance. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of this study limits its ability to determine causality regarding suicidal ideation. Conclusion: These rates are considerably high when compared with rates from studies in other countries around the world. This study provides a reference in the field of suicidology for this region of Saudi Arabia.
An Alternative Method for Identifying a Failed Engine in Twin-Engine	Propeller Aircraft
Authors: Babin Andrey K. , Dattel Andrew R. , Klemm Margaret F.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Twin-engine propeller aircraft accidents occur due to mechanical reasons as well as human error, such as misidentifying a failed engine. This paper proposes a visual indicator as an alternative method to the dead leg–dead engine procedure to identify a failed engine. In total, 50 pilots without a multi-engine rating were randomly assigned to a traditional (dead leg–dead engine) or an alternative (visual indicator) group. Participants performed three takeoffs in a flight simulator with a simulated engine failure after rotation. Participants in the alternative group identified the failed engine faster than the traditional group. A visual indicator may improve pilot accuracy and performance during engine-out emergencies and is recommended as a possible alternative for twin-engine propeller aircraft.
Effects of IMF By on Ring Current Asymmetry Under Southward IMF Bz Conditions Observed at Ground Magnetic Stations: Case Studies
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Veenadhari B. , Chakrabarty D. , Tulasi Ram S. , Kikuchi T. , Miyoshi Y.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we have evaluated the role of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By on the asymmetry of the ring current during the main phase of geomagnetic storms. The mean H variations have been calculated using 31 ground magnetic stations over magnetic latitudes of 09–45° following the methodology of Li et al. (2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA016886). Further, the magnetic local time (MLT) variations in the H component at these stations w.r.t. the mean H were investigated for three cases of geomagnetic storms with varying southward IMF Bz and IMF By conditions. Significant ring current asymmetries were observed during the main phase of geomagnetic storms. The primary role of IMF Bz on the asymmetry of the ring current is observed from these cases. More importantly, the investigation brings out for the first time, the additional role of IMF By in influencing the MLT distribution of ring current observed at ground magnetic stations. Under southward IMF Bz conditions, it is shown based on SuperDARN and AMPERE data that IMF By can alter the MLT distribution of ring current under suitable conditions. The timescales of IMF By also play very important role in determining the asymmetry in the ring current. Under steady convection state, IMF By can rotate the convection cells based on its polarity, which in turn can change the MLT distribution of ring current observed by low‐latitude ground stations. This investigation, thus, brings out the important role of IMF By on the asymmetric MLT distribution of ring current under southward IMF Bz.
Opportunities and Challenges of Virtual Meetings
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: October 2020

Ever since the COVID-19 pandemic imposed on us a virtual existence, conference attendees and organizers have been living out an experiment that will change how scientists gather in the future.
Extracellular heme recycling and sharing across species by novel mycomembrane vesicles of a Gram-positive bacterium
Authors: Wang Meng , Nie Yong , Wu Xiao-Lei
Published: October 2020

Microbes spontaneously release membrane vesicles (MVs), which play roles in nutrient acquisition and microbial interactions. Iron is indispensable for microbes, but is a difficult nutrient to acquire. However, whether MVs are also responsible for efficient iron uptake and therefore involved in microbial interaction remains to be elucidated. Here, we used a Gram-positive strain, Dietzia sp. DQ12-45-1b, to analyze the function of its MVs in heme-iron recycling and sharing between species. We determined the structure and constituent of MVs and showed that DQ12-45-1b releases MVs originating from the mycomembrane. When comparing proteomes of MVs between iron-limiting and iron-rich conditions, we found that under iron-limiting conditions, heme-binding proteins are enriched. Next, we proved that MVs participate in extracellular heme capture and transport, especially in heme recycling from environmental hemoproteins. Finally, we found that the heme carried in MVs is utilized by multiple species, and we further verified that membrane fusion efficiency and species evolutionary distance determine heme delivery. Together, our findings strongly suggest that MVs act as a newly identified pathway for heme recycling, and represent a public good shared between phylogenetically closely related species.
Effect of warming eyelids on tear film stability and quality of life in visual display terminal users: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sun Chi-Chin , Lee Chia-Yi , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Michihito Igaki , Tagami Kyoko , Hsiao Ching-Hsi
Published: October 2020

We aimed to evaluate the effect of warming eyelids on tear-film stability and quality of life (QoL) in video display terminal (VDT) users. A prospective study was conducted and 45 volunteers with ocular symptoms and tear-film instability associated with VDT use were randomly allocated into the study (n = 22) or control groups (n = 23). Subjects in the study group used eyelid warming steamer (EWS) for 2 weeks and tear fluorescein breakup time (TBUT) after single and 2-week EWS treatment, Schirmer I test, ocular surface staining scores, meibomian gland assessment, severity of dry eye disease (DED) and QoL scores after 2-week EWS treatment were analysed. The TBUT improved after both single and 2-week EWS treatment (P = 0.023 and 0.027, respectively) in the study group. The ocular surface staining scores were significantly decreased only in the study group (P = 0.038). About 60% DED patients in the study group shifted towards non-DED and the pattern of distribution was significantly different compared to baseline (P < 0.001). The QoL scores significantly improved in the study group (P = 0.002) with a negative correlation with TBUT. In conclusion, in VDT users with short TBUT, eyelid warming steamer is effective in improving tear-film stability and QoL.
Hypnosis-induced modulation of corticospinal excitability during motor imagery
Authors: Cesari Paola , Modenese Michele , Benedetti Sara , Emadi Andani Mehran , Fiorio Mirta
Published: October 2020

Hypnosis can be considered an altered state of consciousness in which individuals produce movements under suggestion without apparent voluntary control. Despite its application in contexts implying motor control, evidence for the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying hypnosis is scarce. Inter-individual differences in hypnotic susceptibility suggest that sensorimotor strategies may manifest in a hypnotic state. We tested by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the primary motor cortex whether motor system activation during a motor imagery task differs in the awake and in the hypnotic state. To capture individual differences, 30 healthy volunteers were classified as high or low hypnotizable (Highs and Lows) according to ad-hoc validated scales measuring hypnotic susceptibility and personality questionnaires. Corticospinal activation during motor imagery in the hypnotic state was greater in the Highs than the Lows. Intrinsic motivation in task performance and level of persuasion modulated corticospinal activation in the Highs. Corticospinal system activation under hypnosis may have practical implications that merit research in areas where hypnosis can be applied to improve motor performance, such as loss of motor abilities and sports.
The electronic structure of a β-diketiminate manganese hydride dimer
Authors: Oh Changjin , Siewe Joëlle , Nguyen Thao T. , Kawamura Airi , Flores Marco , Groy Thomas L. , Anderson John S. , Trovitch Ryan J. , Baik Mu-Hyun
Published: October 2020

The absence of a metal–metal multiple bond in a dimeric manganese hydride catalyst supported by β-diketiminate ligands, [(2,6-iPr2PhBDI) Mn(μ-H)]2, was investigated with density functional theory in conjunction with experimental evidence.
Synthesis of multifunctional metal–organic frameworks and tuning the functionalities with pendant ligands
Authors: Prasad Thazhe Kootteri , Suh Myunghyun Paik
Published: October 2020

Multifunctional metal–organic frameworks synthesized from ligands with various organic functional pendants show high gas adsorption, photoluminescence, and chemical sensing properties, being tuned by the pendants.
A general protocol for the synthesis of Pt-NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) hydrosilylation catalysts
Authors: Maliszewski Benon P. , Tzouras Nikolaos V. , Guillet Sébastien G. , Saab Marina , Beliš Marek , Van Hecke Kristof , Nahra Fady , Nolan Steven P.
Published: October 2020

A simple synthetic route, making use of inexpensive and environment-friendly solvent/reagents, is described leading to [Pt(NHC)(L)Cl2] and [Pt(NHC)(dvtms)] (L = DMS, DMSO, Py; dvtms = divynyltetramethylsiloxane) catalysts.
Asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition of 5-substituted-furan-2(3H)-ones to an α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactam
Authors: Romaniszyn Marta , Sieroń Lesław , Albrecht Łukasz
Published: October 2020

Asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition involving an α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactam as an acceptor is described.
Thiophene-based water-soluble fullerene derivatives as highly potent antiherpetic pharmaceuticals
Authors: Kraevaya Olga A. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Fedorova Natalia E. , Klimova Regina R. , Godovikov Ivan A. , Mishchenko Denis V. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Schols Dominique , Kushch Alla A. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: October 2020

Water-soluble fullerene derivatives with thiophene-based addends demonstrated pronounced activity against several types of viruses and record activity against herpes simplex virus.
Ruthenium-catalyzed α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylide annulations with aryl substituted pyrazoles via C–H/N–H bond functionalizations
Authors: Chen Zhangpei , Ding Zhiqiang , Chen Tian , Meng Lingxin , Wang Gongshu
Published: October 2020

An efficient method for the construction of various pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoquinolines has been achieved via Ru(ii)-catalyzed α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylide annulations with aryl substituted pyrazoles.
Electrochemical synthesis of carbon nano onions
Authors: Bian Yixuan , Liu Lu , Liu Di , Zhu Zhiwei , Shao Yuanhua , Li Meixian
Published: October 2020

Electrochemical synthesis of hollow and solid carbon nano onions from simple aromatic compounds in acetonitrile on a platinum plate electrode by a multi-potential steps method.
Understanding the lipid production mechanism in Euglena gracilis with a fast-response AIEgen bioprobe, DPAS
Authors: Reza AHM Mohsinul , Zhou Yabin , Tavakoli Javad , Tang Youhong , Qin Jianguang
Published: October 2020

The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) bioprobe, DPAS can rapidly and easily detect lipid drops in Euglena gracilis as highly valued metabolites under nitrogen and calcium deprivation and glucose supplementation in darkness.
Directed B–H functionalization of the closo-dodecaborate cluster via concerted iodination–deprotonation: reaction mechanism and origins of regioselectivity
Authors: Zhu Tian-Cheng , Xing Yang-Yang , Sun Yuji , Duttwyler Simon , Hong Xin
Published: October 2020

A concerted iodination–deprotonation process was discovered for the B–H bond iodination of closo-dodecaborate cluster, which is responsible for the regioselectivity of ortho-B–H functionalization.
Microrobots: 21st century eye surgeons
Authors: Smirnov Roman
Published: October 2020

Vision is perceived to be the most important human sense. For people, this is the main tool for learning because we use it to get 80% of the information we need. However, over time, vision deteriorates or is lost due to age-related, genetic or unpredictable factors such as trauma. Therefore, it is very important for us to have technologies for effective treatment of diseases that lead to vision loss. This article introduces the reader to a new and promising method of treating eye pathologies using microrobots.
An emerging role of chromatin-interacting RNA-binding proteins in transcription regulation
Authors: Du Xian , Xiao Rui
Published: October 2020

Transcription factors (TFs) are well-established key factors orchestrating gene transcription, and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are mainly thought to participate in post-transcriptional control of gene. In fact, these two steps are functionally coupled, offering a possibility for reciprocal communications between transcription and regulatory RNAs and RBPs. Recently, a series of exploratory studies, utilizing functional genomic strategies, have revealed that RBPs are prevalently involved in transcription control genome-wide through their interactions with chromatin. Here, we present a refined census of RBPs to grope for such an emerging role and discuss the global view of RBP–chromatin interactions and their functional diversities in transcription regulation.
Proximal approach to denoising hyperspectral images under mixed‐noise model
Authors: Aetesam Hazique , Poonam Kumari , Maji Suman Kumar
Published: October 2020

The authors present a proximal approach to hyperspectral image denoising adapted to the mixed noise behaviour of hyperspectral data; named hyperspectral image proximal denoiser (HSIProxDenoiser). A combination of Gaussian‐impulse noise has been handled under maximum a posteriori framework using two data fidelity terms. They have incorporated prior information about the data in the form of two regularisation terms, namely Tikhonov–Miller (TM) and total variation (TV). Since TV possesses feature selection capability by setting some of the coefficients to zero, it works well when there are a small number of significant features. On the other hand, TM works well if there are a large number of similar features. Hence, including both regularisation terms can help achieve the desired denoising performance. The resultant optimisation problem is solved using a variant of primal‐dual hybrid gradient by splitting the former into different functions and calculating their proximal operators individually. Experimental results over both synthetic as well as real hyperspectral image data validate the potential of the proposed technique both visually and in terms of quantitative metrics.
Reconfigurable quasi‐elliptic filtering power divider with continuously tunable centre frequency and bandwidth
Authors: Zhang Gang , Liu Shicheng , Zhang Zhuowei , Liu Chang , Gao Yang , Yang Jiquan
Published: October 2020

This study presents a new reconfigurable quasi‐elliptic filtering power divider (FPD) with tunable centre frequency (CF) and bandwidth (BW) by exploring singly one varactor‐loaded triple‐mode resonator. Avoiding the need for the variable couplings of the inter‐resonant nodes and external input/output, the reconfigurability of the proposed FPD is achieved by only tuning the resonant nodes of the triple‐mode resonator. Compared to the other reported ones, the proposed FPD not only exhibits better performance, but also compact and concise topology with the reduced number of resonators and loaded varactors. For demonstration, a prototype of tunable FPD is implemented following the given design procedure. Measured results coincide well with simulated ones, exhibiting that tunable CF (1.5–1.91 GHz), 1‐dB BW (80–300 MHz) with better in‐band isolation (>18 dB).
Development and investigation of means of transportation, storage, gasification and refueling of cryogen liquids of space systems
Authors: Arkharov Ivan A. , Smorodin Anatoly I. , Cheremnykh Oleg Ya.
Published: October 2020

The paper describes the development of hydrogen, oxygen, LNG (tank cars, container cars) stationary devices based on the existing constructions. The investigation results of liquid hydrogen losses on experimental cryogenic storage and transport tanks with different thermal insulation (multilayer-vacuum, powder-vacuum, screen-vacuum (with a nitrogen screen of different designs)) are presented.

The paper presents the results of research on obtaining and maintaining pressure in the tank of a gasification plant with hydrogen supercritical parameters for long-term product delivery to the customer at variable or constant flowrate, both using an external source of hydrogen and a part of the hydrogen supplied to the consumer as a heat carrier.

The paper presents a method and equipment of refueling the Orbiter fuel tanks with high-purity hydrogen for variable hydrogen mass and different number of tanks.
Special aspects of temperature adjustment in thermoelectric refrigerators
Authors: Polyakov Igor A. , Petrov Vladimir V.
Published: October 2020

The peculiarities of two-position temperature control circuits in thermoelectric refrigerators designed for food storage are considered. A method for the experimental determination of the so-called pause current and the results of applying a control circuit using it using the example of a thermoelectric refrigerator “ТЭХ-0.12” are presented.
Low temperature vacuum sublimation refrigerators on carbon dioxide as working fluid
Authors: Porutchikov Artem Frolovich , Trubin Dmitriy Pavlovich
Published: October 2020

The paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental analysis of a vacuum-freeze-drying refrigeration machine based on carbon dioxide. Such refrigeration machines can be equipped with refrigerators for the needs of medicine, where low temperatures are widely in demand in the range from minus 80 degrees Celsius to minus 130 degrees Celsius. The problem of developing alternative refrigeration machines is dictated by modern environmental requirements for working substances, which are gradually being tightened and soon the use of familiar freons will become impossible. For the air conditioning and commercial refrigeration industry, new substances are being actively developed, such as hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), hydrocarbons can also serve as substitutes for hydrofluorocarbons and their mixtures, but it must be considered that they are combustible and explosive. A carbon dioxide vacuum sublimation unit may be an alternative to modern freon vapor compression refrigeration units for the indicated temperature range, but subject to comparable energy costs during its operation. The article examined the three-stage and four-stage cycles of a vacuum-freeze-drying refrigeration machine, conducted their theoretical comparison in terms of COP with a cascade cycle on hydrocarbon working substances. It can be noted that the COP of the considered cycles are close, but the environmental friendliness, safety and non-combustibility of carbon dioxide gives the advantages of a vacuum freeze-drying refrigeration machine.
Energy Efficient Air Conditioning System of the Temple Complex
Authors: Zharov Anton A. , Kasatkin Alexey V.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this work is to develop a year-round energy-efficient air conditioning system for the temple complex, that meets modern engineering requirements and standards. And it should not violate the traditional appearance of an Orthodox church.

In this article there are considered the requirements and standards for the construction of the temple complex together with the architectural solution and the geographical location of the construction entity. The proposed air conditioning system (ACS) with a pneumohydraulic diagram and design modes is described. This system is valid for the summer and winter seasons. The main element of the ACS of the temple complex is an array of heat pipes. The efficiency of the installation is achieved, first of all, due to the recovery of soil heat in the annual cycle. In addition, efficiency is increased by utilizing the heat of the waste air stream and indoor recirculation systems. The article represents a constructive solution for the proposed heat pipe and its design modes of operation in the summer and winter periods together with the expected technical characteristics in different modes of operation, as well as design options for the upper heat exchanger. There is given the concept of the arrangement of the elements of the pneumohydraulic diagram on the cartographic plan of the building and their mutual correlation with the intensity of the operating mode for the soil. And the last, but not least, the article represents a simulation of the annual soil regime, calculated by the finite element method, performed in the ANSYS computational environment.
Management of patients with oral cancer during the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Solano Nicolás , Gutiérrez Paulina , Parra Enmanuel , Castrillo Ariamay
Published: October 2020

Introduction:The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare to the public is severe. There is a high viral load in the nasal and oral cavities of infected patients, especially endangering those specialties focused around this region. Within the field of action of oral and maxillofacial surgeons, the approach and management of oral cancer is one relevant area. The present review aims to collect and discuss aspects of the management of inpatients and outpatients with oral cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.Corpus:The care of the patient affected with oral cancer is imperative. Following strict biosecurity protocols, procedures such as clinical examinations for cancer patients and biopsies can be performed. In the case of benign slowly growing tumors, deferral of surgery until the COVID-19 pandemic situation has settled is recommended. In the case of malignant tumors, surgery must be performed using appropriate biosecurity measures.Conclusion:The reduction of elective surgery is necessary; nevertheless, urgent oncologic and emergency surgery still has to be performed. Strategies must be developed to reduce the number of infections. The adequate approach of the COVID-19 challenge merits significant changes in the infrastructure of outpatient units, inpatient units, and operating rooms.
Akute Schlaganfallversorgung in Deutschland
Authors: Neumann-Haefelin Tobias , Nabavi Darius , Gumbinger Christoph
Published: October 2020

Der Schlaganfall zählt zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen und ist eine der führenden Ursachen von Morbidität und Mortalität weltweit. Die Schlaganfallversorgung in Deutschland ist im internationalen Vergleich auf einem sehr hohen Niveau. Kernelement der Schlaganfallversorgung sind die – mehrheitlich zertifizierten – Stroke Units (SU), die ganz überwiegend unter neurologischer Leitung stehen. Die Behandlung des Schlaganfalls ist komplex und bedarf eines abgewogenen Zusammenspiels mehrerer Fachdisziplinen und Berufsgruppen. Bezüglich der wichtigen rekanalisierenden Therapien in der Akutphase existiert eine gute bis sehr gute Verfügbarkeit in Deutschland. Die Verbesserungen der Schlaganfallbehandlung in den letzten Jahrzehnten haben zu einer deutlichen Reduktion der Sterblichkeit von Patienten mit Schlaganfall beigetragen.
Therapie des akuten ischämischen Schlaganfalls
Authors: Kestner Roxane-Isabelle , Bohmann Ferdinand , Pfeilschifter Waltraud , Thomalla Götz , Schlemm Eckhard
Published: October 2020

Die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten des akuten ischämischen Schlaganfalls haben sich durch Weiterentwicklung bewährter und Erprobung neuer Therapieansätze in den letzten Jahren verbessert. Durch den Einsatz der erweiterten Akutbildgebung mittels multimodaler Computer- oder Magnetresonanztomografie konnte der Zugang zu Thrombolyse und Thrombektomie auch für ausgewählte Patienten mit unbekanntem oder bis zu 9 bzw. 24 h zurückliegendem Beginn der akuten Schlaganfallsymptomatik ermöglicht werden. Ergänzend zu diesen rekanalisierenden Akuttherapien zeigen adjuvante neuroprotektive und immunmodulatorische Behandlungsansätze vielversprechende Ergebnisse. Schließlich gewinnen eine verbesserte Zusammenarbeit der an der Schlaganfallversorgung beteiligten Fachdisziplinen und die Optimierung logistischer Prozesse an Bedeutung, um den zeitabhängigen Nutzen der Akuttherapie individuell zu maximieren. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst wesentliche aktuelle Studienergebnisse zur Akuttherapie des ischämischen Schlaganfalls zusammen und gibt Empfehlungen für eine evidenzbasierte Bildgebung als Grundlage effektiver Reperfusionstherapien.
History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology
Authors: Mornet Patrick , Cole Giller
Published: October 2020

Born in 1869, Gaston Contremoulins began his career as a painter. Fascinated by photography and discovery of X-rays by Roentgen in 1895, our ingenious self taught engineer joined the laboratory of microphotography in the faculty of medicine in Paris. He published in 1896 studies in the use of X-rays associated with a compass for research and anatomical localization of foreign bodies in the skull. This work was awarded by the Montyon prize of the French Academy of Sciences in 1897. Appointed chief of radiological laboratories in Paris Hospital in 1898, despite the fact that he was not doctor, he developed his method named metro radiography for localization, then extraction of foreign bodies in all organs mainly during World War 1. He developed with surgeons osteosynthesis and prothesis for wounded soldiers. Early awareness of radiation hazards for physicians, hospital staff and also the neighborhood of the radiological installation, Contremoulins developed ways of protecting source and also promoted the shielding of walls and floors, despite the opposition of some of the radiologists. Retired from the Necker Hospital in 1934, he exercised his talents in the Saint-Germain-en-Laye Hospital for another 16 years. He ended his days in 1950 after he was diagnosed with inoperable cataracts.
Imaging of Radiolucent Jaw Lesions
Authors: Bali Abdellatif , Vanhoenacker Filip M. , Vanhoenacker Charlotte , Bernaerts Anja
Published: October 2020

Radiolucent lesions in the jaw bones comprise a whole spectrum of odontogenic and nonodontogenic lesions. Although the imaging appearance is not always specific, careful radiologic analysis may contribute to characterization of these lesions. A useful approach is to first analyze the absence or presence of a relationship of the lesion to the teeth. The relation may be either near the tooth apex or crown of the tooth. Other lesions may or may not show any specific anatomical location. After analysis of the primary location of the lesion, additional criteria that may help in further imaging characterization are lesion demarcation and morphology, involvement of the cortex and periosteum, and soft tissue changes. This article describes the most characteristic and prevalent radiolucent lesions of the jaws at each location. In routine clinical practice, cone beam computed tomography is sufficient for appropriate lesion characterization, although magnetic resonance imaging may be useful in selected cases.
Klippel–Feil Syndrome with Multiple Cervical Anomalies Discovered Following Trauma
Authors: Celi Fernando , Saal-Zapata Giancarlo
Published: October 2020

The approach to the upper cervical spine is a challenge for surgeons, not only for its complex anatomy but also for the great variety of pathologies. Klippel–Feil syndrome (KFS) is a congenital disease characterized by the fusion of two or more cervical segments and is associated with various musculoskeletal and vascular malformations. However, there is no consensus on the type of surgery, approach, level of fixation or fusion. We report the case of a KFS, associated with multiple anatomical variants, who suffered a traumatic cervical injury and underwent surgical treatment.
Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19: Issues in Women
Authors: Vipperla Sujatha , Mahapatro Anil Kumar
Published: October 2020

COVID-19, although primarily a respiratory illness, has myriad cardiovascular manifestations. Underlying comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, and underlying cardiovascular disease are associated with higher mortality. Diabetes confers greater risk in women than men. Myocardial injury is seen in 17 to 36% of patients and is associated with higher mortality. Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. Case reports of myocarditis have been documented. The sex differences in these common presentations have not been disaggregated and such evaluation is warranted to elucidate future interventions.
Exploiting interband transitions in graphene for optical harmonic generation
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: October 2020

Researchers show that the nonlinear optical properties of graphene produce a different tuning mechanism.
Psychological well-being of Australian hospital clinical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Holton Sara , Wynter Karen , Trueman Melody , Bruce Suellen , Sweeney Susan , Crowe Shane , Dabscheck Adrian , Eleftheriou Paul , Booth Sarah , Hitch Danielle , Said Catherine M. , Haines Kimberley J. , Rasmussen Bodil
Published: October 2020

Objective This study assessed the psychological well-being of Australian hospital clinical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An anonymous online cross-sectional survey was conducted in a large metropolitan tertiary health service located in Melbourne, Australia. The survey was completed by nurses, midwives, doctors and allied health (AH) staff between 15 May and 10 June 2020. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale – 21 items (DASS-21) assessed the psychological well-being of respondents in the previous week. Results In all, 668 people responded to the survey (nurses/midwives, n = 391; doctors, n = 138; AH staff, n = 139). Of these, 108 (16.2%) had direct contact with people with a COVID-19 diagnosis. Approximately one-quarter of respondents reported symptoms of psychological distress. Between 11% (AH staff) and 29% (nurses/midwives) had anxiety scores in the mild to extremely severe ranges. Nurses and midwives had significantly higher anxiety scores than doctors (P < 0.001) and AH staff (P < 0.001). Direct contact with people with a COVID-19 diagnosis (P < 0.001) and being a nurse or midwife (P < 0.001) were associated with higher anxiety scores. Higher ratings of the health service’s pandemic response and staff support strategies were protective against depression (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.05) and stress (P < 0.001). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect on the psychological well-being of hospital clinical staff, particularly nurses and midwives. Staff would benefit from (additional) targeted supportive interventions during the current and future outbreaks of infectious diseases. What is known about the topic? The outbreak of COVID-19 is having, and will have, a considerable effect on health services. No Australian data about the effect of COVID-19 on the psychological well-being of hospital clinical staff are available. What does this paper add? Australia healthcare providers have experienced considerable emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly nurses and midwives and clinical staff who have had direct contact with people with a COVID-19 diagnosis. In this study, nurses and midwives had significantly higher levels of anxiety, depression and stress during the pandemic than general Australian adult population norms, and significantly more severe anxiety symptoms than medical and AH staff. Despite a lower number of COVID-19 cases and a lower death rate than in other countries, the proportion of Australian hospital clinical staff experiencing distress is similar to that found in other countries. What are the implications for practitioners? Targeted well-being interventions are required to support hospital clinical staff during the current and future outbreaks of infectious diseases and other ‘crises’ or adverse events.
Riparian health improves with managerial effort to implement livestock distribution practices
Authors: Derose Kelsey L. , Battaglia Charles F. , Eastburn Danny J. , Roche Leslie M. , Becchetti Theresa A. , George Holly A. , Lile David F. , Lancaster Donald L. , McDougald Neil K. , Tate Kenneth W.
Published: October 2020

Optimising the spatial distribution of free-ranging livestock is a significant challenge in expansive, grazed landscapes across the globe. Grazing managers use practices such as herding (i.e. droving), strategic placement of off-stream livestock drinking water and nutritional supplements, and strategic fencing in attempts to distribute livestock away from sensitive streams and riparian areas. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 46 cattle-grazed riparian areas and associated stream reaches embedded in rugged range landscapes to examine relationships between implementation of these management practices, stocking rate, and riparian health. We determined in-stream benthic invertebrate assemblages at each site to serve as an integrative metric of riparian health. We also collected information from the grazing manager on stocking rate and implementation of livestock distribution practices at each site over the decade before this study. Off-stream livestock drinking-water sources were implemented at just two sites (4.3%), indicating that this was not a common distribution practice in these remote management units. We found no significant relationship of riparian health (i.e. invertebrate richness metrics) with stocking rate (P ≥ 0.45 in all cases), or with the simple implementation (yes/no) of off-stream nutritional supplements, fence maintenance, and livestock herding (P ≥ 0.22 in all cases). However, we did find significant positive relationships between riparian health and managerial effort (person-days spent per year for each individual practice) to implement off-stream nutritional supplements and fence maintenance (P ≤ 0.017 in all cases). Livestock herding effort had an apparent positive association with riparian health (P ≥ 0.2 in all cases). Results highlight that site-specific variation in managerial effort accounts for some of the observed variation in practice effectiveness, and that appropriate managerial investments in grazing distributional practices can improve riparian conditions.