bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postponing of childbearing in the optimal life age: A basic demographic consequence of the 1990s in Serbia
Authors: Rasevic Mirjana
Published: October 2011

The 1990s represent an exceptionally complex period for the population of Serbia. In addition to the impact of long-term factors, various tumultuous events affected its demographic development. How have these changes, or better to say dramatic events, affected an individual?s decision to have children? We tried to get an answer to the set question by analyzing cohort fertility rates. Examination of the average number of live births for women ages 35-39, 40-44, 45-49 and 50-54 in the year 2002 indicated that demographic cost was almost unregistered. However, as for the younger age cohorts of women, between 25 and 34 years old, the average number of live births in 2002 was lower than in 1991 for women of the same age group. The results of an in-depth non-representative research carried out during the nineties indicate that parenthood is the most important life aspiration and goal per se in the individual system of values, independent from age in our country. Therefore it seems that postponing births in conditions of long-term and great social crisis during the 1990-s, was an important reason of lower rates of cohort fertility of women born between 1977 and 1968. But certainly not the only reason. This is also seen in the low rates of cohort fertility of women of age 20-24 in the year 2002, in relation to the average number of live births of women of the same age group in 1991.
Transformation of family relations and its influence on the natural increase in Vojvodina
Authors: Vuksanovic Gordana
Published: October 2011

Usually, the depopulation of Vojvodina is analyzed from the demographic point of view. Social factors, if they are mentioned at all, are reduced to the financial possibilities of families. Changes in the intergenerational relations and their influence on the natural growth of the population are fully neglected. The aim of the paper is to point out the transformation in the relations between parents and children, and its indirect influence on the population?s natural growth. The most important sources of data are two empirical researches carried out in the territory of Vojvodina.
The Serbian family act from 2005 in the context of family planning
Authors: Kovacek-Stanic Gordana
Published: October 2011

In 2005, Serbia enacted a new Family Act, which is also applied in Vojvodina Regarding family planning, the Family Act has introduced a reform of the provisions on parentage in cases of medically assisted conception. Regarding motherhood, the basic rule is that the mother is considered to be the woman that gave birth to the child, regardless of whether she is the genetic mother or whether the genetic material of another woman has been used. As for fatherhood, the basic rule is that the father is considered to be the husband or cohabiting partner of the mother, if he has given his written consent to artificial insemination. This rule applies both in cases of AIH (artificial insemination with husband/cohabiting partner sperm) and AID (artificial insemination with donor sperm). This paper deals with the issue of surrogate motherhood in European countries, as well. The regulation of the Family Act on parentage in cases of medically assisted conception presupposes the application of certain techniques of medical conception. These are the donation of the egg cell, embryo, AIH and AID. Furthermore, this regulation stipulates that subjects of medically assisted conception can be, besides spouses, heterosexual cohabiting partners. These issues, however, should be addressed by another law that would fully govern the area of medically assisted conception. Unfortunately, in contrast to the majority of European countries, such a law still does not exist in Serbia.
Population policy of local self-government: Necessities possibilities and limitation
Authors: Gavrilovic Ana
Published: October 2011

Taking into consideration the roles it objectively has, the state is also responsible for the formulation and implementation of population policy. In the process of its articulation, population policy of our state, although not explicitly formulated, continual and consistent, went through various phases of development, but was mostly in the shadow of other policies. In order to be successful, population policy has to be local, too. The need for definition and implementation of local population policy is indicated by insufficiency and inefficiency of government measures, knowledge of determinants of reproductive behavior and social processes, especially society democratization and globalization. The possibilities available are not sufficiently used. The attention is focused on the measures of material assistance, which is understandable in present conditions, while the measures of non-material assistance are almost missing. The paper is pointing out the non-material potentials and the necessity of their activation. The paper also contains the results of an empiric research carried out by interviewing the presidents of the population policy committees within municipal assemblies in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, thus providing the picture of the present situation, and knowledge of their positions, opinions and suggestions for the better use of potentials and overcoming of limitations in population policy.
Relation of socio-economic and demographic indicators of the development of population in Vojvodina
Authors: Nikolic-Djoric Emilija , Cobanovic Katarina , Mutavdzic Beba
Published: October 2011

The analysis of influence of social-economic factors is important in the analysis of demographic development of population in Vojvodina Province. The development of each society is significantly implied with interaction of demographic and social-economic factors. In the paper the relevant indicators of demographic development of population in Vojvodina are explored. The combined data from population census and yearly published data related to communes and districts of Vojvodina were used. The estimated empirical regression models based on chosen variables, ought to illustrate the reached level of demographic development in Vojvodina Province. The relations of the following variables are analyzed: the total number of inhabitants, the number of active persons, the number of agriculturists per 100 population, the rate of employment, national income, rates of natural increase, birth and mortality etc. The authors expect that the obtained results will contribute to explain the questions concerned with the development of Vojvodina. Province.
Knowledge, opinions and behavior of the young relevant for family planning: Results of an in-depth research
Authors: Stankovic Biljana
Published: October 2011

In the conditions of a very low birthrate present in Central Serbia and Vojvodina, promotion of the reproduction health of the adolescents, the population group whose reproductive behaviour determines the demographic trends in the future, has a great significance. Today, the young most frequently suffer from the diseases caused by their risky behaviour, so it is possible to use prevention to ensure decrease of their spreading. In the field of sexuality, risky behaviour and insufficiently responsible attitude to health often lead to unplanned pregnancies and abortions, as well as to contracting sexually transmitted infections. The paper presents the results of an in-depth research carried out in 2002 in Belgrade, dedicated to the sexual behaviour of the young and related to the knowledge, opinions and behaviour of the young relevant for family planning. The sample included 111 female adolescents 14 to 20 years of age, from Belgrade, who started their sexual activity at the age of 16 or earlier, and who came to The Counseling Centre for the Young of The Republic Centre for Family Planning of The Institute for Health Protection of Mother and Child of Serbia. The research showed that the girls respondents do not have enough knowledge in the field of sexuality, about contraception and sexually-transmitted infections, as well as that their behaviour in that sphere was not responsible enough. Moreover it also showed that there is a possibility to improve that knowledge, develop social skills and responsibility in behaviour. An important conclusion of the research is also the fact that love, family and children occupy a very high position in the value system of the respondents.
Ageing of the population and social protection of old persons in Vojvodina
Authors: Drca Janko
Published: October 2011

The process of intensive ageing of the population of Vojvodina, present for a long time, and specially the problems and changes in contemporary family in Vojvodina, require and need a well designed comprehensive program - based on the needs of the old persons - to solve the basic social-protection problems of the population of old persons, specially the struggle for a quality life at old age. On the one hand, such an attitude implies equal significance of prevention - so that old persons do not find themselves in a situation needing social support - as well as protection when they do get in such a situation; on the other hand, it implies ensuring a full confirmation of the concept of the active old age. At the same time, such an approach requires the development of all forms of social protection and an active participation and cooperation of all subjects in the society.
The process of demographic ageing in Vojvodina and central Serbia during the last two decades of the 20th century
Authors: Nikitovic Vladimir
Published: October 2011

After five decades of insufficient reproduction of Vojvodina?s and Central Serbia?s population, the process of demographic ageing, came into the focus of the broadest public at last. Current Serbia?s population (without Kosovo and Metohija?s population) belongs to the group of the oldest populations in the world according to a number of indicators of demographic change. Considering population ageing as a planetary process without precedent in the human history, we tried to point out the main features of its evolution regarding spatial implications on population living in this part of Europe. The evolution of the process of population ageing during the 1981-2002 period was considered through functional relations between specific age groups. It was ascertained that the process started its spreading over Vojvodina at first, but continued to spread over Central Serbia afterwards moving the pole of demographic ageing to that part of the country. Some specific centres of demographic ageing as well as the regions which are still demographically more vital than the others were located by the analysis at the municipality level.
Transition and the change of economic structure of the population of Vojvodina between two censuses
Authors: Adzic Sofija
Published: October 2011

In this work, the changes in the economic structure of the population of Vojvodina are considered between two censuses of population, limiting the beginning (1991) and the end of the first stage of transition (2002). Defining the transition as an attempt of the creation of a modern market economy, the author defined the development of human capital as the basic criterion for the analysis, developed as a special methodological concept based upon the category of labor and supplemented with various demograhpic criteria as health status, education, national structure and historical heritage. The performed analysis indicates that unevenly distributed transitional depression, various local and subregional demographic factors complex ethnical structure, historical heritage and the related problems of separatism, particularism and neglect of common interests impose the purposeful division of labour market to partial subregional labour markets aimed, on the basis of network organization, for a more efficient neutralization of these problems.
Who is the oldest in Vojvodina?
Authors: Plavsa Jovan , Bubalo-Zivkovic Milka
Published: October 2011

For only eight decades (from 1921 to 2002), the population of Vojvodina got older for even ten years, which represents a great problem for the future of the population in this region. In the world, the average age of the population at the beginning of the 21st century is 27,6 years, showing that it is younger than the population in Vojvodina was at the beginning of the third decade of the 20th century. However, all population in Vojvodina does not get old at the same speed. Observing specific ethnic groups, the authors of this paper established differences related to the average age. There is a conclusion that the youngest population is the one which also has greater birthrates, and that is the case with the Goranci and the Roma. In addition to birthrate, the average age is also influenced by the number of the population itself, so the greater average age appears in these ethnic groups which are less numerous. On the basis of the spread of some ethnic groups in Vojvodina, the paper also established the difference in the average age of the population related to some regional units.
The process of ageing of the population of Vojvodina
Authors: Petkovic Dara , Vrawes Rajko
Published: October 2011

This paper analyzes the process of population ageing on the basis of the age and sex structure for the period 1991-2002. The used methods include the synthesis method, the generalization method, the analysis and demographic-statistic method. The Paper deals with the ageing process of Vojvodina population and relates it to the counties. The target is to point out to the process of ageing in the Vojvodina population between the two censuses. Observing the continuity in the trends related to the population of Vojvodina in the territorial units at the level of counties, the paper demonstrated the territorial distribution related to the age of the population.
Marital status of the population of Vojvodina at the beginning of the third millennium
Authors: Bobic Mirjana
Published: October 2011

The topic of this contribution is marital structure of the population of Vojvodina, based on the data from the last census from 2002. Due to the limited space, the analysis is reduced just to the basic indicators of marital structure: the distribution of the population according to the marital status, average age of the population when forming or dissolving unions, celibacy and divorced condition, while the processes of nuptiality and divorce rate, as the dynamic factors in the shaping of the structure, had to be left out. In short, the paper advocates the thesis about the blocked second demographic transition in Vojvodina. On the eve of the new millennium a demographic trend occurring in Vojvodina began in the developed European regions at the end of the1960s, that is in the 1990s in case of Central and Eastern Europe. The basic features of that demographic regime were the decline of marriage universality, postponement of the formation of unions for later years, increase of different life-styles in pairs outside classic marriage, increase in divorce and general instability of unions, increase of celibacy and giving birth outside marriage, increase in gender equality in the private and public sphere, with further decrease in fertility to very low levels and acceleration of the processes of population ageing. In that respect, Vojvodina - as well as Central Serbia - lag behind the developed states of North-West Europe, but also the states in the postsocialist transformation. Modernization of marriage, its deinstitutionalization liberation from the traditional value system, ideological changes which were registered in Vojvodina in 1980s, were discontinued because of the eruption of events on the global social plane, which slowed down the approach of this part of West Balkans to a broader, European environment.
Agricultural population of the autonomous province of Vojvodina and rural development
Authors: Cobanovic Katarina , Petrovic Zivojin
Published: October 2011

The development of agriculture depends on the structural changes of the total population, as well as on the development of agriculture in general. An intensive process of de-agrarization in our country also implied the change of rural structure, observed at the level of settlement and at the level of landed-estates, that is households and others. Significant changes in the rural structures of Vojvodina are also a result of the intensive changes caused by the processes of transition. The centre of the dynamic changes in the rural areas of Vojvodina lies in the individual agricultural estates, as well as in the agricultural population which represents a significant segment of the total population. The paper analyzes the structure of agricultural population (total, active, supported) of Vojvodina at the level of counties from 2002. To do that, the paper uses the results of the census of population, households and apartments from 2002. The paper also compares the acquired results with the corresponding results of the earlier censuses. The results of the research represent a contribution to the explanation of the character and degree of the rural and economic development of The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.
Population with the high and higher education in Vojvodina
Authors: Vidic Nada
Published: October 2011

In Vojvodina, out of 2.031.992 inhabitants, there are 162.081 inhabitants with high and higher education, which is 7,97%. Within this number, there are 73 485 inhabitants (3,62%) with high education, and 88.596 or 4,36% with higher education. Out of the total number of inhabitants with the high and higher education, in towns in Vojvodina there are 129.728 inhabitants of 80,04%, and in rural settlements there are 32.353 inhabitants or 19,96%. Out of the total number of inhabitants with the high and higher education, there are 83.861 male inhabitants or 51,74%, and there are 78.220 female inhabitants or 48,26%.
Ethnic diversity of the population of Vojvodina: The 2002 census
Authors: Raduski Nada
Published: October 2011

This article presents the ethnic structure of the population of Vojvodina according to the 2002 census results. Also, there are analyzed the ethnodemographic changes in the period 1991-2002, caused by the following relevant factors: natural movement, migration and changed declaration on national affiliation. Ethnocentric migrations (voluntary and forced) primarily influenced the change of ethnic structure of the Vojvodina, in the sense of creating a nationally more homogeneous region, having in mind the national structure of refugee-population. On the other hand, the emigration of some other nationalities which migrated to their mother countries due to political and economic reasons influenced the ethnic structure of the population, too. On the whole, the ethnic picture of Vojvodina is a complex one and undergoing changes continuously. Having in mind that Vojvodina is a multiethnic and multiconfessional region, the question of minorities and interethnic relations is undoubtedly of great significance for the stability and demographic development of this region.
Demographic trends of the Romanian population in Vojvodina
Authors: Bjeljac Zeljko
Published: October 2011

The paper represents a continuation of the research discussed in the papers 1999, 2001 and 2003 at the scientific conferences "Banat - Historical and Cultural Past" (Novi Sad, Resita). It also represents a part of the research in the project "The Danube-Moravian Corridor as the Main Axis of the Regional Development and Integration of Serbia within South-East Europe". The research so far presented the historical- geographic determinants of the Romanian population in the territory of Serbia and Montenegro, as well as specific demographic characteristics according to the censuses from 1991 and 2002. This paper presents more detailed demographic characteristics of the Romanian population in Vojvodina, according to the census of the population households and apartments from 2002.
Causes and consequences of the changes in the ethnic structure of the Temerin municipality in the 20th century
Authors: Jokic Igor , Ristanovic Branko
Published: October 2011

Ethnic structure in the Temerin municipality during the 20th century is characterized by great changes. The number of some ethnic grupations was changing in the relative short period. This had an influence on the increase and decrease in the development in the analyzed area? The great changes in the ethnic structure were caused by political factors that occurred in some periods, but also caused by other demographic elements that characterize some ethnic grupations. All these characteristics caused even the vanishing of for example, Germans from this area. This paper describes in details all causes that caused the changes in the ethnic structure in this municipality. Besides, the consequences of these changes are analyzed and all relations and problems that can appear primarily between the Serbs and the Hungarians are pointed out.
Change of nuptiality in the villages in Vojvodina
Authors: Ivkov Andjelija , Djurdjev Branislav , Cvetanovic Milan
Published: October 2011

The paper deals with the basic data on nuptiality in the following six villages in Vojvodina province: Pivnice, Srpski Miletic, Novo Milosevo Obrovac, Perlez and Kljajicevo. Nuptiality rate, average age at marriage, age distance between spouses, marriage homogeneity, and marital distance are depicted. Neither period nor transfersal analysis support Hajnal?s findings.
Social implication of demographic changes in the European Union countries
Authors: Vukovic Drenka
Published: October 2011

The process of demographic changes in European countries is characterized by greater and greater ageing of the population, as a result of the decline in the rate of natural increase and the rise in life expectancy. Europeans have less and less children, they live longer and face the problems how to ensure a safe old age. Noticed trends of change will be intensified till the middle of the new millennium (2050), when the following situation is expected: the decline in the number of children (0-14 years) for almost 20% and the active-working population (15-64), while there will be more "old persons" (65-79) for more than 44%, and "the oldest" persons (80 or more) for even 180%. Ageing of the population characterizes all regions, but is specially pronounced in the countries in the south and countries in transition. Faced with the challenges of the disturbances in the demographic structure, the members of the European Union (25) developed an entire spectrum of measures and activities to prevent the negative social-economic consequences. Creation of "the policy of ageing" at the Union level develops within the co-ordination (OMC) of the process of modernization of the social security system (old-age pension insurance, health insurance, social and child protection); it also implies the creation of conditions for "the active old age" (increase in employment and staying as long as possible on the job market), the development of "the new forms of solidarity" between generations (as a consequence of the increase of the coefficient of dependency between active working and supported population), preventing poverty and social exclusion, etc. Strategic documents, directions and national action-plans determined the concrete measures needed to face the demographic challenges.
State and perspectives of the demographic development of the geospace of the republic of Srpska
Authors: Marinkovic Drasko
Published: October 2011

Yearly rates of population increase and the data about the relative participation of particular areas in the total number of the population of the Republic of Srpska point to the interdependence between the natural movement and the tract processes of emigration, deagrarization and urbanization. These processes are in the harmony with the demographic transition which is followed by the changes in the structure of the active population. Unfavourable tendencies in the re-distribution and reinstatement of the tract-demographic polarization have the reflection in the disturbances in the demographic structures and in the strengthening of the process of the total ageing of the population, specially in the rural areas. These tendencies result in a more pronounced polarization in the reproduction of the population in which the urban areas take over the priority. With the trend of the low and negative natural increase, which has the immediate influence on the accelerated process of ageing of the population, further growth of the population and socio-economic development of the Republic of Srpska are questionable. In order to secure the constant growth of the population of this area, it is urgently necessary to conduct the measures of the population politics, that is, it is necessary to match the demographic and general socio-economic development.
Identity, tradition, society. Experiences from the south Hungarian region great plain
Authors: Szarvak Tibor , Szoboszlai Zsolt
Published: October 2011

In the period before the 1990s, models of identity were not allowed if they differed from the expectations of the political authorities (national ethnic, political, religious, socio-cultural etc), so that the issue of identity could not appear in public discourse. From the standpoint of traditional communities, there were some elements which led to significant consequences: state socialism and social practice could not cure the traumas of two world wars, which were additionally burdened by the disintegration of traditional communities existing before the period of state socialism, as well as by the indistinct Hungarian identity, the consequence of a deformed internationalism. All these factors led to the situation in which the majority of the Hungarians did not have established patterns of identity at the beginning of the 1990s, which was, however, of vital importance for the constant changing requests of social environment. During the 1990s and earlier, people carried out mostly sociological and socio-osychological researches to introduce and investigate the main features of national identity.
Demographic situation and perspectives of Budzak
Authors: Radovanovic Olica , Todorovic Miodrag
Published: October 2011

One of the oldest populated areas in East Serbia is Budzak. There is an assumption and archeological finds that people had lived in Budzak already during the bronze age (1400-800 years BC). Turbulent historical, cultural and economic factors brought changes to the demographic picture of this area. From the end of the 19th century (1879) till the beginning of the 21st century, the population decreased for more than 3 times, and the number of members per household for 5 times. Faced with harsh conditions of mountain life and lack of perspective, the population intensively emigrated to the lowland areas around the Beli Timok river and to the surrounding towns. For slightly more than half a century (from 1948 to 2002), the population of Budzak deceased for 84,32%, and the number of households for 39,04% with the basic index from -80 to -90, only in Kalna about -60. This decrease also caused the decline in the average number of members in one household from 5,26 in 1948 to 1,35 in 2002. In 6 of 14 settlements, there was not a single birth in the period from 1999 to 2003. Annually, 3-4 children are born, and more than 70 inhabitants dies. Today, the rural population of the Knjazevac Municipality is very old and in the phase of the deepest demographic old age (average age is 47,3 years). In the Budzak area, few settlements have the average population younger than 60 years. Judging by the long-term trend of birthrate decrease and the accelerated ageing of the population from this area, the question has to be asked: in 30-50 years in Stara Planina Mountain in the Budzak area, would there be human life at all, or there would remain historical monuments as the evidence that generations and generations of people had lived there and had their culture and customs.
Pro-natality activities of the system of child protection in the republic of Srpska
Authors: Vukovic Jovanka
Published: October 2011

nema
Employing and the level of employment in Vojvodina and the trends at the job market
Authors: Suljmanac-Secerov Mirjana , Durman Dusica
Published: October 2011

nema
With large families to Europe
Authors: Krizan Vilmos
Published: October 2011

nema
1918 barrier on the road to the membership of the European Union
Authors: Jovanovic Miroslav
Published: October 2011

The European Union (EU) and Serbia?s accession to this international organization in a relatively distant future are linked, in the eyes of the Serbian public, with numerous expectations, dilemmas, misunderstanding fears, joys and periodical manipulations. The topic is important, broad and complex, so there is a need for the basic and understandable explanations. While in Serbia this topic is one of the most important and high on the government?s agenda. In the EU and its member countries, it attracts almost no attention and is not a priority issue. Simply, the EU is concerned with much more important issues, such as its future constitutional system security, energy, globalization, unemployment, immigration, demographic problem (population ageing), monetary union, preservation of the single market and adjustment to the EU eastern enlargement of 2004 and 2007. After introduction to the advantages and problems relating to Serbia?s potential accession to the EU, the attention is turned to the issues that include geopolitical conditions for accession to the EU, legislation and functioning of the EU, as well as its budget. Effects of integration, the EU?s interest in Serbia and Serbia?s interest in the EU are presented before conclusions.
Aleksandar Bilimovic’s contributions to the Serbian economic science
Authors: Miljkovic Aleksandar
Published: October 2011

The paper presents the basic ideas of Aleksandar Bilimovic in the field of economic science which he elaborated in his works in the Serbian language between the two world wars. These are primarily the ideas he developed in his books Drustvo, drzava i privreda (Society, State and Economy) and Uvod u ekonomsku nauku (Introduction to the Economic Science), then in numerous treatises and articles he published in various magazines: Arhiv za pravne i drustvene nauke, Narodno blagostanje, Ekonomist, Srpske knjizevni glasnik and others. Belimovic?s work includes the entire corpus of economic science which is obvious from the review of his most important works in the Serbian language. In them, in addition to the other economic topics, the author specially investigates his opinions about agricultural co-operation. The author also points out to Belimovic?s constant endeavor to take into account the Russian economic thought, too. Due to his great erudition, excellent insight into economic science and profession, richness of ideas, as well as to his understanding and interpretation of economic phenomena, Bilimovic?s opus by far surpassed the national borders and achieved European significance by its value. With his opus, the Serbian economic science was raised above its national boundaries. In the paper in a specific example, the author also points out to Bilimovic?s excellent knowledge of contemporary philosophical theories. At the end, the paper also presents a review of Bilimovic?s scientific and professional engagement outside economic field.
Alms in Serbia 1804-1840
Authors: Kacanski-Udovicic Gordana
Published: October 2011

The word (notion) alms or pisanija signified the house-to-house collection of small amounts of money for the Orthodox Christian monasteries in Serbia and beyond its borders. In one case (1831/1832), it was collected for the inauguration of the metropolitan and two bishops. There are no grounds for the assumption that the giving of alms originated in the times of Nemanjic rule (XII-XV century), in view of the fact that, in those centuries, the monasteries were largely endowed by the rulers and the nobility - placing their subjects under obligation by law, and in material terms. When the development of the Serbian nation was violently interrupted by enslavement under the Ottoman Turks, there were periodical outbreaks of religious arrogance with the destruction of the Serbian monasteries and the flight of their monks. Tradition - preserving the great memory of the size and importance of the monasteries in its own ways - was flawlessly handed down through the centuries. During the times of Ottoman rule, the people undertook the task of maintaining the monasteries by working for them and giving alms in the measure they were able to in those conditions of general hardship. ?Our ancestors? served as a model to them. After 1815 and specially after the autonomy of the Principality of Serbia in 1831, the emerging state (of Prince Milos) supported this spontaneously born tradition and approved the giving of alms. The monks themselves collected them with the approval and support of the state, for their respective monasteries. The monasteries were obliged to collect alms because there were very few monks - sometimes one or two, and rarely more in each monastery. Alms were also collected by the civil or ecclesiastical authorities if it involved the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. In that case, alms were considered to be a kind of obligatory contribution and lost their essential feature - of being voluntary.
Knowledge about literature and politics: How literature contributes to understand the political phenomena?
Authors: Avramovic Zoran
Published: October 2011

The author critically discusses the theses about the relation between literature and politics which were presented in Vojislav Stanovcic?s work ?A Contribution of the Historical and Literary Works to the Understanding of Political Phenomena?. The first part points to the basic concepts of knowledge, symbols, notions, truth, literature and politics. The second part includes the experimental analysis of the relation between literature and politics. The conclusion underlines the claim that there is no general knowledge about the link between literature and politics and that every specific relation should be discussed separately.
Fiscal decentralization in some of the successor states of the SFR of Yugoslavia
Authors: Jovic Ljiljana
Published: October 2011

In the developed countries, fiscal decentralization appears as a reflection of the democratic processes strengthening. On the other hand, it represents one of many challenges and the uneasy task to complete when the countries in transition are in question. This process is even more significant in the countries of the former Yugoslavia given the fact that it is taking place concurrently with the process of independent state establishing. It also appears as one of preconditions for joining the European Union. Firstly, this paper describes problems that appear in this sense within the countries in transition, followed with the solutions enforced in three countries of the former Yugoslavia - Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia.
Serbian societies in Dubrovnik at the beginning of the 20th century
Authors: Nedeljkovic Sasa
Published: October 2011

In the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. Dubrovnik was the center of the coastline Serbs, both Catholic and Orthodox. National activities of the Serbs developed through cultural and economic societies. The educational-economic society Srpska Zora (Serbian Dawn) was founded in 1901 in Knin. It encouraged the establishment of agricultural co-operatives in villages and savings banks in towns. After the initiative of Srpska Zora, The Alliance of Serbian Economic Co-operatives at the coast was founded in 1905. The main activity of Srpska Zora was to strengthen the Serbian intelligentsia by helping the poor pupils. It helped financially the work of Serbian singing societies at the coast. Matica Srpska in Dubrovnik was founded in 1909 as an endowment of the merchant Konstantin Vuckovic. The first gymnastics (chivalrous) societies at the coast were founded in 1907, Dusan Silni (Dusan the Great) in Dubrovnik and Srpski Soko (Serbian Falcon) in Risan. The chivalrous education was at the same time physical, moral and national. The Srpski Soko center at the coast was founded in 1911 in Herceg Novi. The center was a part of the Association of the Serbian Soko Movement in Belgrade. It held a spots rally in Dubrovnik in 1913 and in Knin in 1914. After Austria-Hungary declared war to Serbia in 1914 all Serbian societies were banned. The coastal Serbs tried to defect and to join the army of the Serbian states as volunteers. The Serbian army entered Dubrovnik on November 13, 1918. On the Unification Day, December 1, 1924, the monument to the King Peter I was unveiled. In 1925, Dubrovnik was visited by the King Aleksandar and Queen Maria. With very modest resources and with devoted work, the national entrepreneurs managed to gather, inspire and lead to coastal Serbs to the fight for liberation and unification.
Historical development of the rules on the local legal remedies in the process of diplomatic protection
Authors: Tubic Bojan
Published: October 2011

The rule of exhaustion of domestic remedies applies in the process of diplomatic protection. It is justified by the practical and political reasons, in order to avoid big number of claims at the international level. The individual, whose right has been violated, must have the opportunity to seek protection against the violation of international law, or to use the legal remedy, which relates to the questions of international law, but gives substantial compensation for the damage the claimant is complaining of. The rule on exhaustion of local remedies has its origins in the ancient times in the cases of reprisals and it receives its relatively clear limits in the 12th and 13th century, when it is invoked in solving the claims between the merchants and other cities. This practice has been present in the following centuries and with the strengthening of national states, reprisals were regulated by international agreements between states and they were allowed only when the plaintiff did not receive redress, or some unjustified delay in the procedure occurred. The legal doctrine, for example Hugo Grotius and Vattel agreed on this issue and supported the related practice. In the 19th and 20th century practice of the states has been intensified concerning this issue and it presents one of the conditions for the diplomatic protection before international courts and arbitrations. This tendency continues today and the rule on exhaustion of local remedies has its place in the area of protection of aliens and human rights.
A contribution to the educational reform: Mind maps
Authors: Kovacevic Jelena , Segedinac Mirjana
Published: October 2011

Mind maps, a special type of diagrams with its specific structure and way of creation, could be used in the process of teaching. The paper includes the main principles of mind map forming, with examples of their use and the main results that are achieved by using mind maps in teaching various subjects and working with students of different age. The results of our investigations show very significant effects concerning students? memory and knowledge, as well as their motivation and cooperation during teaching. The paper also includes the mind map created during one school lesson on the topic of The French Revolution (1789), in the seventh grade of the elementary school.
The meaning and value of work
Authors: Babic Jovan
Published: October 2011

The article begins with a list of possible meanings of work, based in a suitable definition of life as an activity of setting goals and their materialization. The value of work is instrumental (although it has an intrinsic value as well), and its articulation and distribution is the subject of ethical scrutiny in the remainder of the article. The issues of social roles in this distribution have been discussed in more detail, along with issues of justice, rights, and moral restraints regarding work. The article ends with a projection of contemporary capitalism, which shows a very strong tendency to enhance its scope in so far uncovered parts of social life.
To understand time from the time?: The role of ′Marburg′ notion of time in Heidegger's confrontation with Hegel
Authors: Prole Dragan
Published: October 2011

This article discusses Heidegger's thesis that one cannot talk about Hegel's essential advancement from the inherited notion of time. Due to the ambivalent interpretation - according to which Hegel's notion of time was both not respected enough, but also vulgar; that from him one should not learn about temporality, but that his standpoint can still serve as a proper example of everyday time - Heidegger opted for the reciprocal historical-philosophical reflection with the goal to show the direct interdependence between Aristotle's and Hegel's understanding of time. The problematic assumption in that interpretation consists of Heidegger's emphasis on the constructive, and thus pronouncedly controversial link between history and spirit, which tries to deny the unique, historical movement of the spirit. Heidegger's diagnosis might not be problematic if his interpretation of Hegel's philosophy were not directed to a concrete perspective of thought, focused on the mechanism which in a way completes the spirit of the new-age ontology. Moreover, historical fulfillment of the epoch-making model of ontology is closely related to the dominance of the natural understanding of time which also reached its peak in Hegel. In other words, regardless of the issue about its foundedness, Heidegger's conviction that Hegel indicates a peak in the vulgar interpretation of time implies nothing else but the idea of the historical development of spirit. With misunderstandings which inevitably follow when the interpretation of natural time of finite beings is proclaimed to be a ?natural?, i.e. everyday and philosophically irrelevant attitude to time - one should recognize why Hegel's phenomenology of time is being fundamentally-ontologically deformed with Heidegger.
Aleksandar Soloveov as an investigator of Baltazar Bogisic's heritage and of legal and historical documents from the 15th till the 19th century
Authors: Miljkovic Aleksandar
Published: October 2011

This paper discusses Aleksandar Solovyev?s research which he primarily carried out in Bogisic?s archive in Cavtat, as well as the research including other sources relevant for the legal history of our nation in the Dubrovnik region, in other coastal areas and in the countries in their immediate hinterland; all the documents belong to the period from the 15th till the 19th century. Although he discovered most of these documents in Bogisic?s archive, Solovyev got documents from other sources, too. Solovyev published the greatest part of these materials in the editions of The Serbian Royal Academy, but he also published some treatises and articles in the following magazines: Arhiv za pravne i drustvene nauke, Godisnjica Nikole Cupica and some others. Furthermore, the author particularly underlines the fact that Solovyev - in his introductory texts accompanying his publications - also did the scientific and critical analysis of the collected historical material. Studying Bogisic?s archive in Cavtat, Solovyev also got interested in the very personality of Baltazar Bogisic. In his articles in Arhiv za pravne i drustvene nauke, Solovyev particularly presented his discoveries about Bogisic?s archive, he also found an unknown manuscript of Bogisic?s, the one about a law project written for the rebels from Herzegovina when they rose against the Turks for the liberation of the Serbian nation in 1875. In his collaboration with the Herzegovian rebells, Bogisic expressed his Serbian patriotic feelings, too. As for his nationality, Bogisic felt to be a Serb (?a Serb catholic?, as he used to say), but also a member of the South Slavic nation. Thus Solovyev in one of his articles (in French) described Bogisic?s activity in the elaboration of the law projects for the newly liberated Bulgaria, which remained less known in our country. Discussing Bogisic?s patriotic activity, too, the author also presents other facts about his nationality. Although the results of Solovyev?s research work discussed in this paper were available to our scientific public, our scholars have not written about them so far.
The logic of power and the hierarchy of interests in the elitization of Serbia
Authors: Tripkovic Milan
Published: October 2011

The paper analyses main causes and consequences of elitization of Serbia Elitization is tightly connected to politicization and criminalization of the Serbian society. Those three general negative processes are considered as crucial not only for its past and present, but for its future as well. By sticking to Olson?s definition of autocracy as ?the most profitable profession?, the author points out to the logic of power and the hierarchy of interests that essentially determine all post-socialist events in Serbia - those during Milosevic?s rule, as well as post-October events. After reminding of the fact that today?s Serbian elites have in most parts started to form during socialist time and mostly as ?successful?, not as ?deserving? it is pointed out to the continuity of their interest-oriented organization and operation (which surely does not exclude their fierce mutual opposition) which is considered to be the main cause of the permanent crisis of the Serbian society, whose end can still not be seen even faintly. In author?s opinion, if the logic of power and interest is to be followed, then the facility of change of ?political formulas? (Mosca) with which new-old elites in Serbia preserve and enlarge their power, comes as completely ?natural? and it also becomes fully understandable why they are not prepared to give up on irregular social conditions in which they operate, as long as the costs of preservation of those conditions are fewer than the gain they make possible.
Geographical centers: Geographical centers of the Republic of Serbia, Central Serbia, the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohia
Authors: Ilic Jovan , Stankovic Sava
Published: October 2011

The geographical center of one territorial unit is the location point which in theoretical sense is nearest to other points of that territorial unit. There are several methods for determining the geographical center. Those are 1) method of geographical coordinates of extreme border pont, 2) the method of brunt determinate 3) the method of isofrontiers, 4) the isofrontier-translations method (composite), 5) the method of grid, 6) the integral method of brunt determinate. The integral method of brunt determinate by computer program ArcView a method which provides very precise results was applied. The geographical center is an interesting and important place, which should be marked in an adequate manner. It would be, for example, useful to put the basic geographic orientation sign at a location. It is an object where the name of destination, its latitude (numerical value in degrees, minutes and seconds), longitude and altitude (in meters) and the data about straight liner distance to the destination in the Republic of Serbia (cities, mountains, monasteries, etc) and the other parts of the world (cities, mountains, and points of the main elements of the Earth - the Equator, the North Pole, the zero meridian and data zone border line) (in kilometers/miles) would be indicated. Geographical centers in Serbia are as follows: The geographical center of the Republic of Serbia is situated in Draca settlement, Kragujevac municipality. The center is located to the west of Kragujevac, about 8 km from the center of the city (rectilinear). The geographical center of Central Serbia is situated in Kaludra settlement Rekovac municipality. The center is located about 10 km to the south of Rekovac. The geographical center of the Autonomus Province of Voivodina is situated in Zabalj settlement, Zabalj municipality. The center is located about 12 km to the northeast of Novi Sad. The geographical center of the Autonomus Province of Kosovo and Metohia is situated in Komorane settlement Glogovac municipality. The center is located about 24 km to the southwest of Pristina.