bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodontal Diseases and Associated Factors among Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients from Selected Clinics in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Nahid , Jacob Pulikkotil Shaju
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus are the two most prevalent chronic diseases and global burdens in the world. Periodontal disease comprises gingivitis and periodontitis. An increasing trend of periodontal disease is reported among diabetic patients in Bangladesh. Limited studies have investigated the association between type 1 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease in Bangladesh. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the association of demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, diabetic-related factors, and oral hygiene practice with periodontal disease among type 1 diabetes mellitus in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods: Survey and clinical examination of this cross-sectional study were conducted in three well-known clinics in Dhaka. A total of 182 participants were clinically examined based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: A higher prevalence of periodontitis was found compared to gingivitis among type 1 diabetes mellitus. About 30.2% of the respondents had moderate periodontitis, followed by mild periodontitis 28.6%. The majority of respondents (30.8%) had mild gingivitis and only 14.8% had moderate gingivitis. Furthermore, proportions of periodontitis and gingivitis were positively associated with age [(aOR1.12 (95%cis=1.07, 1.17)] and lower education. A significant association of periodontitis was found with the duration of diabetes [(aOR) 0.95 (95%cis=0.90, 0.99)] and frequency of toothbrushes (42-fold greater).

Conclusions: The findings of this study imply that dentists should emphasize on patients for well metabolic control to prevent the progression of periodontal disease.

AKMMC J 2022; 13(1) : 22-31
Management of Seed Associated Fungi and Alternaria Leaf Spot Disease of Black Mustard (Brassica Nigra L.) Using Botanicals
Authors: Tudu SLD , Habib MA , Islam MM , Chowdhury MEK , Hasan MM
Published: March 2023

The efficacy of five native botanicals viz., neem, castor, akondo, basok and ata against the seed associated fungi and in controlling the leaf spot disease of black mustard was evaluated. In blotter method, maximum reduction (85.91%) of seed associated fungi was observed in the seeds treated with ata (1:1) while neem (1:1), ata (1:2) and castor (1:1) gave 83.52, 82.59 and 82.39%, respectively reduction of fungi over control. Maximum seed germination (93%) was observed in seeds treated with akondo (1:1), where neem (1:1), castor (1:1) and akondo (1:2) supported 92, 92 and 90% seed germination, respectively. Maximum reduction of percent disease incidence (29.22%) and percent diseases severity (24.67%) were recorded with the application of neem (1:1) at 28 days after sowing with highest shoot length (16.09cm), root length (4.69cm), vigor index (1842.56%) and seed yield (33.70%) comparison to control in the net house. The findings neem (1:1) was found as an effective botanical for the ecofriendly management of seed associated fungi and Alternaria leaf spot diseases of black mustard.

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(4): 407-416, December 2021
Supplementary Private Tutoring for Science Students of Higher Secondary (HSC) Level In Bangladesh: Perceived Factors, Causes And Challenges
Authors: Ruma Arifa Rahman
Published: March 2023

Students use supplementary private tutoring for their education which is a worldwide phenomenon particularly in science education. The present study aimed to examine how household heads of Bangladesh perceive supplementary private tutoring factors, causes and challenges for science students of higher secondary (HSC) level. In this study, a survey questionnaire was administered with 200 randomly selected household heads of higher secondary science students in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. To supplement the quantitative survey, the study also collected qualitative data from 12 higher secondary science teachers, 12 tutors as well as 20 students in two FGDs. The study shows that the level of income, education level and occupation of household heads may affect in taking the supplementary private tutoring for science students in Mymensingh. The main causes to take the tutoring are obtaining better result, making hard subjects easier, getting admission into better institutes, achieving local and foreign scholarships are mentioned as the causes of providing extra tutoring to their children. Moreover, lack of knowledgeable tutors, increasing initiatives for tutors and increasing expenditures for tutoring are identified as the major challenges. The findings of this study would have implication with policy initiatives and teaching learning practices in the science education development of Bangladesh.
Social Science Review, Vol. 38(2), December 2021 Page 23-49
Citizens’ Satisfaction With Local Government Service Delivery Performance in Bangladesh: Does Citizens’ Confidence Matter?
Authors: Islam Md Shahriar , Ahsan Abu Hossain Muhammad
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between perceived quality of local service delivery performance and citizens’ satisfaction through confidence at urban local government level in Bangladesh. A mediation model was framed to test the indirect relationship between perceived quality of service delivery performance and citizens’ satisfaction. Data was collected through a survey during April 2014 – June 2014. The survey included ten Paurashavas (Municipality) while the participants (n = 706) were selected based on gender ratio and Ward of the Paurashavas. Multilevel path analysis was conducted using MPLUS 8 to examine the mediation model. The results showed that citizens’ confidence partially mediates the relationship between perceived quality of service delivery performance and citizens’ satisfaction.
Social Science Review, Vol. 38(2), December 2021 Page 117-133
A decade of liver organoids: Advances in disease modeling
Authors: Liu Yue , Sheng Jian-Ying , Yang Chun-Fang , Ding Junjun , Chan Yun-Shen
Published: March 2023

Liver organoids are three-dimensional cellular tissue models in which cells interact to form unique structures in culture. During the past 10 years, liver organoids with various cellular compositions, structural features, and functional properties have been described. Methods to create these advanced human cell models range from simple tissue culture techniques to complex bioengineering approaches. Liver organoid culture platforms have been used in various research fields, from modeling liver diseases to regenerative therapy. This review discusses how liver organoids are used to model disease, including hereditary liver diseases, primary liver cancer, viral hepatitis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Specifically, we focus on studies that used either of two widely adopted approaches: differentiation from pluripotent stem cells or epithelial organoids cultured from patient tissues. These approaches have enabled the generation of advanced human liver models and, more importantly, the establishment of patient-tailored models for evaluating disease phenotypes and therapeutic responses at the individual level.
Optimizing endoscopic therapy for early esophageal neoplasia
Authors:   , Overwater Anouk
Published: March 2023

Early esophageal cancer, malignant or premalignant tissue, is treated endoscopically with either resection or heat-based ablation (burning the upper layer of the esophagus). The aim of this thesis was to optimize endoscopic treatment of early esophageal cancer.

In the first part of this thesis we evaluated if cold-based ablation (freezing the upper layer of the esophagus) is a suitable alternative to heat-based ablation for treatment of premalignant esophageal tissue. Both techniques ablate aberrant esophageal tissue superficially to restore to normal esophageal tissue. In this thesis we showed that freezing, using different devices and dosages, is technically feasible, effective and safe with the important advantage of less post-procedural pain. Since most studies were performed with small sample sizes, a large European study is currently being conducted to confirm the results.

The second part focused on minimal invasive treatment for early esophageal cancer. We reported that endoscopic resection and freezing can safely be combined in one treatment session, so less treatment sessions would be required. Moreover, we showed that sentinel node navigated surgery is feasible and safe in patients with early esophageal cancer with a high risk of lymph node metastases, which might save patients from surgery in the future if they have no tumor positive sentinel nodes. Lastly, we showed that patients with head and neck cancer have an increased risk of esophageal cancer and that these patients therefore could benefit from esophageal surveillance to detect esophageal cancer at an early stage.
BIG DATA to understand BIG HEARTS
Authors:   , Wright Clark Maya
Published: March 2023

HCM is the most common genetic heart disease, affecting between 1:500 to 1:200 people worldwide. HCM is considered a sarcomeropathy, since mutations primarily affect proteins located at the cardiac sarcomeres. Furthermore, HCM is a highly heterogeneous disease, where phenotype can vary from asymptomatic to asymmetric hypertrophy of the left ventricle (LV) and intraventricular septum (IVS), diastolic dysfunction and arrhythmias that can inevitably lead to sudden cardiac death. Disease penetrance does not only show high inter- and intrafamilial variability, but also shows variability between men and women. This can even be observed within an HCM heart, where heterogeneity in hypertrophied cardiomyocytes can be observed throughout the tissue. Strikingly, and yet to be explained, the IVS is involved in the majority of HCM cases, regardless of the genetic background.

At present, no cure is available for HCM largely due to the lack of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind its onset and progression. For this reason, in-depth understanding of the pathological mechanism is required to improve diagnostics, prevention, treatment and, most importantly, potentially cure.

In this thesis we aimed to extend our knowledge on gene regulation in HCM. For this, we used human myectomy tissue and explanted HCM hearts with which we were able to further understand transcriptional heterogeneity in HCM. Also, we generated two mouse models harboring human pathogenic HCM mutations to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying HCM.
Human Sperm Cryopreservation
Authors: Mocé Eva , Fajardo Andrés J. , Graham James K.
Published: March 2023

As the demand for assisted reproductive techniques in humans increases, so does the demand for the oocytes and sperm that are essential for these techniques. Human sperm banks play a key role in assisted human reproduction, as a reservoir of sperm from the semen of donors and as an option for genetic preservation for some patients. There are different techniques that can be used to store human sperm. This paper will provide an overview of the available techniques of human sperm preservation.
‘The Voice of Thunder’: The Formulaic Nature of the Gothic Type-Scene
Authors: Aguirre Manuel
Published: March 2023

This article rounds off an intensive study of formulaicity in Gothic fiction. After briefly recapping analysis on the compositional levels of formula, formulaic pattern and tableau in the novel The Necromancer (1794), the article concentrates on the next compositional level, the type-scene, understood as an aggregate of tableaux. It shows that the type-scene depicting ghostly apparitions systematically resorts to the same lexical fields and techniques of composition, and that these foreground language over content; the type-scene thus constructed exhibits a multiform structure, and strongly resembles ‘other’ type-scenes respectively depicting a tempest and the Wild Hunt. Detailed analysis leads to seven hypotheses regarding the structure of these type-scenes, the most general of which being that a metonymic principle appears to govern Gothic narrative composition. These hypotheses suggest themselves as stepping-stones towards the construction of a poetics of the Gothic.
EVALUASI FISIK KRIM ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK KULIT BAWANG MERAH DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI TRIETANOLAMIN DAN ASAM STEARAT
Authors: Nuraini April , Puspitasari Dianita Rahayu , Rokhani Ratri
Published: March 2023

Inflammation is the body's defense function against the entry of organisms and other disturbances. The drugs used often have an effect on gastrointestinal disorders, so other alternative treatments are being developed that can minimize side effects. The quarcetin content of shallot skin extract, which has anti-inflammatory activity, is formulated in a cream dosage form. The emulsifiers in the m/a cream formula are stearic acid and triethanolamine (TEA). This study aims to determine the physical evaluation of an anti-inflammatory cream containing shallot skin extract with variations in concentrations of TEA and stearic acid. The method used in this study is the experimental method. Formulations I, II, and III with varying concentrations of TEA and stearic acid (2:8%, 3:10%, and 4:12%) were used. Tests carried out included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and adhesion. The cream formula passed the organoleptic test with a distinctive shallot smell, semi-solid form, brownish red color, all formulas were homogeneous, pH 5.264-6.417, spreadability 3.849-6.251 cm, and adhesion 83-132 seconds. Higher concentrations of TEA and stearic acid had an effect on adhesion and spreadability but had no effect on organoleptic properties, homogeneity, or pH. Onion skin extract cream with a concentration of TEA:2%:8% stearic acid gave the best physical quality.
PENGARUH KONSELING APOTEKER TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT DAN KADAR GULA DARAH PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Rahmawaty Annis , Anggraeni Nanda Widia
Published: March 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels. The level of adherence to taking medications plays a very important role in achieving successful treatment and maintaining blood sugar levels within normal ranges, as well as pharmacist counseling is very important in handling DM. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pharmacist counseling on the level of adherence to taking oral antidiabetic drugs in diabetes mellitus patients at the Ngembal Kulon Kudus Health Center. Method: This study is a pre-experimental study designed by One Group Pretest Posttest with cross-sectional data retrieval. Data collection was carried out in March-April 2022 at the Ngembal Kulon Kudus Health Center. Result: This study used spearman correlation test with 0.000 results obtained, wilcoxon test obtained 0.000 results and the paried T-test obtained results of 0.000 which were said to be significantly different before and after pharmacist counseling. Conclusion: Counseling there was a change in compliance in diabetes mellitus patients there was an effect of providing pharmacist counseling on the level of adherence to taking oral antidiabetic drugs using the MGL MAQ questionnaire (p 0.000) and blood sugar levels in demographic data (p 0.000) in diabetes mellitus patients.
FORMULASI DAN UJI IRITASI SEDIAAN LULUR KRIM CANGKANG SOTONG (Sepia sp.) TERHADAP KELINCI (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Arifin Arfiani , Ida Nur , Rosmiyanti Rosmiyanti
Published: March 2023

Cuttlefish shell (Sepia sp.) contains calcium carbonate which has benefits in removing dead skin cells, regulating skin pigmentation, shrinking pores, removing acne and black spots and making skin brighter. The aims of this study were to formalize dosage form of cuttlefish shell cream scrub (Sepia sp.) that meets the physical quality requirements and to determine the potential irritation of cuttlefish shell (Sepia sp.) cream scrubs in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Reseacrh methods include the dosage form of cuttlefish shell powder using sieve mesh 44, cream scrub formulations with variations in cuttlefish shell powder concentrations by 15%, 20% and 25%. Physical quality test carried iut includes organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, scatter power tests and sticking power tests. The cream scrub formula irritation test was carried out by patch test method in rabbit test animals. The results of the study obtained that cuttlefish shell cream scrubs have qualified physical quality tests and the degree of irritation value of F1 cream scrubs (cuttlefish shell 15%) of 0,2 which is categorized means very mild irritation.
Perancangan dan Pembuatan Prototype Mesin CNC Laser Engravir Dengan Mikrokontroler sebagai Komunikasi Wireless
Authors: Syamsuri Tresna Umar , Sucipto Rachmat , Epiwardi
Published: March 2023

To support the creative economy, creative ideas are needed which are then transformed into concrete reality. One of the concrete creative ideas is art craftsmen, for example, painting, sculpture, three-dimensional art, sculpture and many more. The promising craft today is the souvenir craft, which has various forms and functions. In this research, the authors specialize in the craft of engraved souvenirs where most of these craftsmen still work on their crafts using conventional media. The purpose of this research is to design and manufacture a prototype CNC Laser Engraver machine with a microcontroller with wireless data communication which is expected to help improve the quality of the production of souvenir craftsmen. The method used is an experimental method in the form of designing, manufacturing and testing the mechanical work of each linear axis of the CNC Laser Engraver machine. With this research it is hoped that a control system scheme for a prototype CNC Laser Engraver machine can be obtained, to be applied to a real CNC Laser Engraver machine. From the results of testing this machine prototype, some data was obtained, namely a machine with three axes of motion, a microcontroller for wireless communication, a laser module with a diode capacity of 1000 mW and a maximum work area of 38 mm x 38 mm x 20 mm, which can help small industries and businesses. small and medium enterprises in the production process of various forms of creative carvings for various materials
PLTS sebagai Backup Supply pada Plant Hidroponik Nutrient Film Tehcnique (NFT) Berbasis IoT
Authors: Santoso Asfari Hariz , Saputra Masramdhani , Hamka Faradila Nur Rizqy
Published: March 2023

Indonesia is geographically located on the equator, which has very strong solar radiation and high rainfall, making it suitable for farming. Hydroponics is used as a growing medium for planting without using large areas of land by utilizing water and prioritizing the nutritional needs of plants. NFT is a hydroponic method that is easy to implement and is quite effective for plants. However, this method requires a cycle that cannot be stopped, so it requires a pump that must be on all the time. Therefore, a backup supply is needed that can guarantee the availability or continuity of the supply of electricity to the load by using an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) which keeps the system running if the PLN goes out by using PLTS and can be monitored and controlled at any time using Internet of things (IoT) technology. ). From the results of trials and analysis carried out that the performance of the system when in automatic mode, that is, when the battery reaches a value of 11.3 Volts, it will switch to the PLN supply. The supply from PLTS will change to PLN's supply automatically with a predetermined time, namely from 09.00 WIB to 15.00 WIB. If PLN experiences a blackout, it will switch to the PLTS source until PLN is back on.
Kajian Teknis Pemeliharaan Transformator Arus Pada Gardu Induk Pltu Tanjung Awar – Awar Babat
Authors: Ananto Rhezal Agung , Arifin Kalam Syamsul , Hermawan Ahmad , Effendrik Popong
Published: March 2023

The current transformer is an electric power instrumentation device that functions to change a higher current value to a lower value for protection and measurement purposes. Field conditions and service life cause the current transformer to decrease and not function. Therefore, it is important to do this research to determine the current condition of the current transformer. The method used to obtain current transformer quality indicators is the insulation resistance test method and the tangent delta test method. The results of testing the insulation resistance of current transformers at GI Tanjung Awar Awar Babat in 2020-2021 using the VDE standard (Catalogue 228/4) and IEEE std 43-2000 show that the insulation resistance value of all current transformers has increased by an average of 81900Ω from the previous period but, this value is still in good criteria, namely 170 + 1 MΩ and there is an increase in the current transformer grounding resistance test from the previous period with an average of 0.176 however, according to the PLN book 605.K/DIR/2010 the results of the ground resistance test have good criteria. of < 1. Based on ANSI C 57.12.90 and IEEE C57.152-2013 standards, the tan delta test results are still in good condition because the tan delta value is not more than 0.5%. Current transformer tan delta testing in 2020-2021 has decreased, indicating that the insulation performance of current transformers in 2021 is better than in 2020.
Perencanaan Desain Single Tuned Passive Filter Harmonisa Pada AC Microgrid Turbin Tenaga Angin
Authors: Ananto Rhezal Agung , Duanaputri Rohmanita , Santoso Asfari Hariz
Published: March 2023

A microgrid usually consists of small-scale of thermal generation sources and other distributed energy resources (DER) such as photovoltaic, wind power, and fuel cells to serve its loads. In this paper microgirid AC system using wind turbines. Microgrid AC systems use an inverter which is a source of harmonics for need to convert to AC system Load . And the system will also get the source of harmonics when the system is connected to the non-linear load. wind turbines can generate harmonics also. So that it can degrade the quality of the power of the system. In addition the power factor, and voltage system is not good. So thesystem mitigate solution is using a passive filter tuned to the affected bus. The simulation results show that the design singgle tune passive filters can be effective and have a good performance in mitigating microgrid system
Desain Simulasi dan Analisa Closed Loop Boost Converter Terintegrasi Solar PV Berbasis PID
Authors: Amalia Rahma Nur , Wijaya Kusuma
Published: March 2023

The tendency for the price of using solar PV (photovoltaic) to become cheaper means that the portion of the use of this solar energy source is encouraged to be larger along with the addition of the portion of renewable energy (EBT) generators based on PLN's 2021-2030 Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL). As a step to mitigate this problem, a power electronics circuit application is needed in the form of a boost converter or what can be called a step-up DC-DC converter. In this study, the boost converter design modeling is made a closed loop. There is feedback by adding a PID controller to adjust the duty cycle as a function of switching on or off MOSFET so that the output voltage is as desired (setpoint) and adjusts to needs of load. Open-loop design modeling is also included as a comparison. The design stage begins with determining the circuit design, calculating component specifications, and simulating using MATLAB R2013a software and hardware implementation. From the test results, it was found that the boost converter can increase the solar PV voltage varies (17.34-19.13 Volts). In the closed loop boost converter circuit with a constant load of 129.96 Ω with varying duty-cycle value set by PID controller with value of Kp=0.005 Ki=9.75 Kd=0.00000029, the average output voltage is 36. 0067 Volts and stable at the desired setpoint of 36 Volts.
Analisa Performa Motor Induksi-Pompa Bahan Bakar Minyak pada Pekerjaan Technical Due Dilligence PT. ABC
Authors: Safarudin Yanuar Mahfudz
Published: March 2023

Pada artikel ini akan dibahas mengenai hasil investigasi dari motor pompa pada terminal bahan bakar minyak (TBBM) di PT. ABC sebelum dilakukan akusisi oleh PT. XYZ. Empat buah motor pompa akan dianalisa pada artikel ini melalui metode asesmen terhadap dokumen, observasi visual, pengukuran parameter kinerja motor, dan dan pengamatan termograf. Setelah melakukan pengamatan, didapatkan hasil bahwa keempat motor pompa dalam kondisi baik dan dapat beroperasi dengan normal. Hanya terdapat beberapa temuan minor antara lain terjadi keretakan pada terminal box, ganjalan pada pipa sisi suction, bagian pompa yang tidak bersih, tutup pelindung yang telah berlubang. Kemudian ada satu temuan yang patut menjadi perhatian yakni posisi salah satu pompa yang sangat dekat dengan titik resiko tinggi kebakaran.
Analisis Load Sharing dan Load Shedding Operasi Paralel Generator Singkron PG Kebun Agung
Authors: Epiwardi  , Sucipto Rachmat , Syamsuri Tresna Umar
Published: March 2023

The Kebon Agung sugar factory has two power supplies, namely from the PLTU Kebon Agung sugar factory itself and from PLN. There are 3 synchronized generators at the Kebun Agung Sugar Factory, with a power of 4.5 MW on generators 1,2 and 1,6 MVA on generator 3. The difference in power between generators 1,2 and 3 causes frequent interference with generator 3 because it has less power. This Final Project analyzes load sharing and load shedding using MATLAB Simulink R2013a. Through these simulations it is shown the division of the load from each generator during normal conditions or when one generator is released. see the effect of the generator that has been set to speed droop when load sharing conditions, the speed of droop is varied so that it knows the characteristics of the generator that has been set speed droop. In the Final Project, the simulation value and calculation of the  speed droop setting value in the Kebon Agung sugar factory is ideal. Because ideally the setting of speed droop in the settings so it is not too sensitive and not too long in responding to changes in load that occur in the system.
Magnetically-actuated hydrogel-based achiral planar microswimmers for SERS detection: In situ coprecipitation for continuous loading of iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Xiong Junfeng , Zhang Junkai , Zhong Yukun , Song Xiaoxia , Wang Haoying , Cheang U Kei
Published: March 2023

Ultraviolet lithography is a very promising technology used for the batch fabrication of biomedical microswimmers. However, creating microswimmers that can swim at low Reynolds number using biocompatible materials while retaining strong magnetic properties and excellent biomedical functionality is a great challenge. Most of the previously reported biomedical microswimmers possess either strong magnetic properties by using non-biocompatible nickel coating or good biocompatibility by using iron oxide particle-embedded hydrogel with weak magnetism, but not both. Alternatively, iron oxide nanoparticles can be coated on the surface of microswimmers to improve magnetic properties; however, this method limited the usability of the microswimmers’ surfaces. To address these shortcomings, this work utilized an in situ synthesis technique to generate high magnetic content inside hydrogel-based achiral planar microswimmers while leaving their surfaces free to be functionalized for SERS detection. The hydrogel matrices of the magnetically actuated hydrogel-based microswimmers were first prepared by ultraviolet lithography. Then, the high concentration of iron oxide was achieved through multiple continuous in situ coprecipitation cycles. Finally, the SERS detection capability of magnetically actuated hydrogel-based microswimmers was enabled by uniformly growing silver nanoparticles on the surface of the microswimmers. In the motion control tests, the microswimmers showed a high swimming efficiency, high step-out frequency, and consistent synchronized motion. Furthermore, the magnetically actuated hydrogel-based microswimmers were able to improve the detection efficiency of analytes under magnetic guidance.
Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by rrPDGF-BB promotes bone regeneration during distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Wu Shuo , Zhang Lijie , Zhang Ruidan , Yang Kang , Wei Qin , Jia Qiyu , Guo Jian , Ma Chuang
Published: March 2023

Background: In the clinical treatment of large bone defects, distraction osteogenesis can be used. However, some patients may suffer from poor bone regeneration, or even delayed healing or non-union. Problems with the aggregation and proliferation of primary osteoblasts, or problems with the differentiation of primary osteoblasts will lead to poor bone regeneration. Therefore, supplementing exogenous primary osteoblasts and growth factors when using distraction osteogenesis may be a treatment plan with great potential.

Methods: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were extracted from rats and cultured. Subsequently, Recombinant Rat Platelet-derived Growth Factor BB (rrPDGF-BB) was used to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. At the same time, male adult rats were selected to make the right femoral distraction osteogenesis model. During the mineralization period, phosphate buffer salt solution (control group), non-induction bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (group 1) and recombinant rat platelet-derived growth factor BB intervened bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (group 2) were injected into the distraction areas of each group. Then, the experimental results were evaluated with imaging and histology. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the difference was statistically significant if p < 0.05.

Results: After intervention with recombinant rat platelet-derived growth factor BB on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the cell morphology changed into a thin strip. After the cells were injected in the mineralization period, the samples showed that the callus in group 2 had greater hardness and the color close to the normal bone tissue; X-ray examination showed that there were more new callus in the distraction space of group 2; Micro-CT examination showed that there were more new bone tissues in group 2; Micro-CT data at week eight showed that the tissue volume, bone volume, percent bone volume, bone trabecular thickness, bone trabecular number and bone mineral density in group 2 were the largest, and the bone trabecular separation in group 2 was the smallest. There was a statistical difference between the groups (p < 0.05); HE staining confirmed that group 2 formed more blood vessels and chondrocytes earlier than the control group. At 8 weeks, the bone marrow cavity of group 2 was obvious, and some of them had been fused.

Conclusion: The study confirmed that injecting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellsBB into the distraction space of rats can promote the formation of new bone in the distraction area and promote the healing of distraction osteogenesis.
Transposon-derived transcription factors across metazoans
Authors: Mukherjee Krishanu , Moroz Leonid L.
Published: March 2023

Transposable elements (TE) could serve as sources of new transcription factors (TFs) in plants and some other model species, but such evidence is lacking for most animal lineages. Here, we discovered multiple independent co-options of TEs to generate 788 TFs across Metazoa, including all early-branching animal lineages. Six of ten superfamilies of DNA transposon-derived conserved TF families (ZBED, CENPB, FHY3, HTH-Psq, THAP, and FLYWCH) were identified across nine phyla encompassing the entire metazoan phylogeny. The most extensive convergent domestication of potentially TE-derived TFs occurred in the hydroid polyps, polychaete worms, cephalopods, oysters, and sea slugs. Phylogenetic reconstructions showed species-specific clustering and lineage-specific expansion; none of the identified TE-derived TFs revealed homologs in their closest neighbors. Together, our study established a framework for categorizing TE-derived TFs and informing the origins of novel genes across phyla.
Fusobacterium nucleatum induces a tumor microenvironment with diminished adaptive immunity against colorectal cancers
Authors: Kim Han Sang , Kim Chang Gon , Kim Won Kyu , Kim Kyung-A , Yoo Jinseon , Min Byung Soh , Paik Soonmyung , Shin Sang Joon , Lee Hyukmin , Lee Kyungwon , Kim Hoguen , Shin Eui-Cheol , Kim Tae-Min , Ahn Joong Bae
Published: March 2023

Background & Aims

Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN) plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer by modulating antitumor immune responses. However, the impact of FN on immune regulation in the tumor microenvironment has not been fully elucidated.

Methods

The abundance of FN was measured in 99 stage III CRC tumor tissues using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression profiles were assessed and annotated using consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and deconvolution of individual immune cell types in the context of FN abundance. Immune profiling for tumor infiltrating T cells isolated from human tumor tissues was analyzed using flow cytometry. Ex vivo tumor-infiltrating T cells were stimulated in the presence or absence of FN to determine the direct effects of FN on immune cell phenotypes.

Results

Gene expression profiles, CMS composition, abundance of immune cell subtypes, and survival outcomes differed depending on FN infection. We found that FN infection was associated with poorer disease-free survival and overall survival in stage III CRC patients. FN infection was associated with T cell depletion and enrichment of exhausted CD8+ and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment. The presence of FN in tumors was correlated with a suppressive tumor microenvironment in a T cell-dependent manner.

Conclusion

FN enhanced the suppressive immune microenvironment with high depletion of CD8+ T cells and enrichment of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in human colorectal cancer cases. Our findings suggest a potential association for FN in adaptive immunity, with biological and prognostic implications.
The complex construction of a glaciovolcanic ridge with insights from the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Eruption (Iceland)
Authors: Pollock Meagen , Edwards Benjamin R. , Judge Shelley , Wallace Chloe , Hiatt Alex , Perpalaj Aleksander , Was Ellie , Hauksdóttir Steinunn
Published: March 2023

Glaciovolcanic landforms provide global-scale records of paleoenvironmental conditions and yield insights into subglacial eruption processes. Models for the formation of glaciovolcanic ridges, or tindars, are relatively simple, proposing a monogenetic eruption and a fairly uniform stratigraphy with or without a single transition from effusive pillow lavas to explosive fragmental deposits. Others have suggested that tindars are more complicated. To build a more robust model for tindar formation, we conducted a field and geochemical study of Undirhlíðar ridge on the Reykjanes Peninsula in southwestern Iceland. We show that the ridge was built through a complex sequence of eruptive and intrusive events under dynamically changing ice conditions. Quarry walls expose a continuous cross-section of the ridge, revealing multiple pillow and fragmental units. Pillow lava orientations record the emplacement of discrete pillow-dominated lobes and the migration of volcanic activity between eruptive vents. Volatile contents in glassy pillow rinds show repeated pulses of pillow lava emplacement under glaciostatic conditions, with periods of fragmentation caused by depressurization. Variations in major elements, incompatible trace element ratios, and Pb-isotopes demonstrate that the eruption was fed from separate crustal melt reservoirs containing melts from a compositionally heterogeneous mantle source. A shift in mantle source signature of pillow lavas suggests that the primary ridge-building phase was triggered by the injection of magma into the crust. Within the growing edifice, magma was transported through dykes and irregularly shaped intrusions, which are up to 20% by area of exposed stratigraphy sequences. The model for tindar construction should consider the significant role of intrusions in the growth of the ridge, a detail that would be difficult to identify in natural erosional exposures. The 2021–22 eruptions from the adjacent Fagradalsfjall vents allow us to draw parallels between fissure-fed eruptions in subaerial and ice-confined environments and test hypotheses about the composition of the mantle underlying the Reykjanes Peninsula. Both Fagradalsfjall and Undirhlíðar ridge eruptions may have occurred over similar spatial and temporal scales, been triggered by mixing events, erupted lavas with varying mantle source signatures, and focused volcanic activity along migrating vents. Differences in composition between the two locations are not related to systematic lateral variations in the underlying mantle. Rather, the Undirhlíðar ridge and Fagradalsfjall eruptions capture complex interactions among the crustal magma plumbing system, mantle source heterogeneity, and melting conditions for a moment in time.
A GHRHR founder mutation causes isolated growth hormone deficiency type IV in a consanguineous Pakistani family
Authors: Ahmad Safeer , Ali Muhammad Zeeshan , Abbasi Sumra Wajid , Abbas Safdar , Ahmed Iftikhar , Abbas Shakil , Nawaz Shoaib , Ziab Mubarak , Ahmed Ikhlak , Fakhro Khalid A. , Khan Muzammil Ahmad , Akil Ammira Al-Shabeeb
Published: March 2023

Background

Isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) is caused by a severe shortage or absence of growth hormone (GH), which results in aberrant growth and development. Patients with IGHD type IV (IGHD4) have a short stature, reduced serum GH levels, and delayed bone age.

Objectives

To identify the causative mutation of IGHD in a consanguineous family comprising four affected patients with IGHD4 (MIM#618157) and explore its functional impact in silico.

Methods

Clinical and radiological studies were performed to determine the phenotypic spectrum and hormonal profile of the disease, while whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the disease-causing mutation. In-silico studies involved protein structural modeling and docking, and molecular dynamic simulation analyses using computational tools. Finally, data from the Qatar Genome Program (QGP) were screened for the presence of the founder variant in the Qatari population.

Results

All affected individuals presented with a short stature without gross skeletal anomalies and significantly reduced serum GH levels. Genetic mapping revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation [NM_000823:c.G214T:p.(Glu72*)] in the third exon of the growth-hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene GHRHR (MIM#139191) that was segregated in all patients. The substituted amber codon (UAG) seems to truncate the protein by deleting the C-terminus GPCR domain, thus markedly disturbing the GHRHR receptor and its interaction with the growth hormone-releasing hormone.

Conclusion

These data support that a p.Glu72* founder mutation in GHRHR perturbs growth hormone signaling and causes IGHD type IV. In-silico and biochemical analyses support the pathogenic effect of this nonsense mutation, while our comprehensive phenotype and hormonal profiling has established the genotype–phenotype correlation. Based on the current study, early detection of GHRHR may help in better therapeutic intervention.
The foundations of big data sharing: A CGIAR international research organization perspective
Authors: Basel Ashleigh M. , Nguyen Kien Tri , Arnaud Elizabeth , Craparo Alessandro C. W.
Published: March 2023

The potential of big data capabilities to transform and understand global agricultural and biological systems often relies on data from different sources that must be considered together or aggregated to provide insights. The value of data is however not only in its collection and storage, but largely in its re-use. Big data storage repositories are not enough when we consider a world brimming with escalating volumes of data, here we need to consider innovative systems and tools which address data harmonization and standardization and importantly, ones that can bridge the gap between science and end users. In this paper, we will demonstrate how CGIAR (including the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT) develops a culture of co-operation and collaboration among custodians of agrobiodiversity data, as well as new directions for big data. CGIAR first launched the Platform for Big Data in Agriculture to enhance the development and maintenance of its data. This helped establish workflows of cross-platform synthesis, annotate and apply the lessons learnt. The Platform then built GARDIAN (Global Agricultural Research Data Innovation and Acceleration Network)—a digital tool that harvests from ∼40 separate open data and publication repositories that 15 CGIAR centres have used for data synthesis. While there have been significant advances in big data management and storage, we also identify the gaps to improve use, and the re-use of data in order to reveal its added value in decision making.
PUnet: A robust framework for phase unwrapping in interferometric SAR
Authors: Liu Boyu , Wu Lingda , Song Xiaorui , Hao Hongxing , Zou Ling , Lu Yu
Published: March 2023

Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) has grown significantly over the past few decades, which were mainly used in remote sensing applications. Most InSAR applications (e.g., terrain mapping and monitoring) utilized a key technique called phase unwrapping Phase unwrapping obtained the absolute phase from the wrapped phase for the subsequent application. However, the collected wrapped phase inevitably contains noise due to the influence of factors such as atmosphere and temperature in the InSAR acquisition stage. This noise made it challenging to obtain the absolute phase from the wrapped phase. This study proposed a deep learning framework (PUnet) for phase unwrapping form InSAR data. pUnet was a robust framework using U-net as the basic structure combined with an attention mechanism and positional encoding, facilitating accurate phase unwrapping from the wrapped phase. Through comparative experiments with typical phase unwrapping algorithms, we demonstrated that pUnet could obtain absolute phases with high accuracy and robustness than from the wrapped phase under various levels of noise.
Blood cell counts can predict adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Juyue , Du Zhonghai , Fu Jie , Yi Xiuxiu
Published: March 2023

Background

Cancer is concerning owing to its high mortality rate. Consequently, methods of prolonging the life of patients with cancer have become the primary focus of attention research. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved good clinical efficacy as antitumor drugs; however, their severe adverse effects have made their use challenging. In order to clarify the predictors of adverse effects, scientists have conducted a series of studies. Blood counts can potentially monitor risk factors associated with the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Herein, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify further the guiding significance of blood counts in the clinical setting.

Methods

Studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria were obtained by searching the database. Included studies were those in which irAEs had been observed, and evidence of an association between blood counts and irAEs was reported. The included ones were evaluated for quality. In addition to sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis, a meta-analysis was performed using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each study.

Results

A total of 18 articles were included in our study. The analyses were performed separately according to different blood cell count indicators. The blood cell count metrics associated with irAEs were: absolute eosinophil count, neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio, and platelet: lymphocyte ratio.

Conclusion

Our review and meta-analysis of studies suggest that absolute eosinophil count, neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio, and platelet: lymphocyte ratio may serve as predictors of the emergence of irAEs. Given the small number of studies focusing on the relationship between patient blood cell counts and the risk of irAEs, future studies need to further explore the mechanisms of occurrence and potential associations.
Diversity of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Guo Zhangyan , Zhang Rui , Yang An-Gang , Zheng Guoxu
Published: March 2023

Finding effective treatments for cancer remains a challenge. Recent studies have found that the mechanisms of tumor evasion are becoming increasingly diverse, including abnormal expression of immune checkpoint molecules on different immune cells, in particular T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages and others. In this review, we discuss the checkpoint molecules with enhanced expression on these lymphocytes and their consequences on immune effector functions. Dissecting the diverse roles of immune checkpoints in different immune cells is crucial for a full understanding of immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors.
Tissue specific imprinting on innate lymphoid cells during homeostasis and disease process revealed by integrative inference of single-cell transcriptomics
Authors: Song Peng , Cao Ke , Mao Yonghuan , Ai Shichao , Sun Feng , Hu Qiongyuan , Liu Song , Wang Meng , Lu Xiaofeng , Guan Wenxian , Shen Xiaofei
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are key components of the immune system, yet the similarity and distinction of the properties across tissues under homeostasis, inflammation and tumor process remain elusive.

Methods

Here we performed integrative inference of ILCs to reveal their transcriptional profiles and heterogeneity from single-cell genomics. We collected a large number of ILCs from human six different tissues which can represent unique immune niches (circulation, lymphoid tissue, normal and inflamed mucosa, tumor microenvironment), to systematically address the transcriptional imprinting.

Results

ILCs are profoundly imprinted by their organ of residence, and tissue-specific distinctions are apparent under pathological conditions. In the hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment, we identified intermediate c-kit+ ILC2 population, and lin-CD127- NK-like cells that expressed markers of cytotoxicity including CCL5 and IFNG. Additionally, CD127+CD94+ ILC1s were preferentially enriched in inflamed ileum from patients with Crohn’s disease.

Discussion

These analyses depicted a comprehensive characterization of ILC anatomical distribution and subset heterogeneity, and provided a base line for future temporal or spatial studies focused on tissue-specific ILC-mediated immunity.