bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase transformation of ferric-iron-rich silicate in Earth’s mid-mantle
Authors: Lv Mingda , Zhu Shengcai , Liu Jiachao , Hu Yi , Zhu Feng , Lai Xiaojing , Zhang Dongzhou , Chen Bin , Dera Przemyslaw , Li Jie , Dorfman Susannah M.
Published: July 2024

Incorporation of ferric iron in mantle silicates stabilizes different crystal structures and changes phase transition conditions, thus impacting seismic wave speeds and discontinuities. In MgSiO3-Fe2O3 mixtures, recent experiments indicate the coexistence of fully oxidized iron-rich (Mg0.5Fe0.53+)(Fe0.53+Si0.5)O3 with Fe-poor silicate (wadsleyite or bridgmanite) and stishovite at 15 to 27 GPa and 1773 to 2000 K, conditions relevant to subducted lithosphere in the Earth’s transition zone and uppermost lower mantle. X-ray diffraction measurements show that (Mg0.5Fe0.53+)(Fe0.53+Si0.5)O3 recovered from these conditions adopts the R3c LiNbO3-type structure, which transforms to the bridgmanite structure again between 18.3 GPa and 24.7 GPa at 300 K. Diffraction observations are used to obtain the equation of state of the LiNbO3-type phase up to 18.3 GPa. These observations combined with multi-anvil experiments suggest that the stable phase of (Mg0.5Fe0.53+)(Fe0.53+Si0.5)O3 is bridgmanite at 15-27 GPa, which transforms on decompression to LiNbO3-type structure. Our calculation revealed that ordering of the ferric ion reduces the kinetic energy barrier of the transition between (Mg0.5Fe0.53+)(Fe0.53+Si0.5)O3 LiNbO3 structure and bridgmanite relative to the MgSiO3 akimotoite-bridgmanite system. Dense Fe3+-rich bridgmanite structure is thus stable at substantially shallower depths than MgSiO3 bridgmanite and would promote subduction.
Evaluating the effect of antibiotics on aerobic granular sludge treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater
Authors: Cao Zhenghao , Sai Anning , Jia Xiangxiang , Zhang Xiaoyu
Published: July 2024

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been widely applied in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment due to its advantages such as high biomass and excellent settling performance. However, the influence of commonly found antibiotics in pharmaceutical wastewater on the operational efficiency of AGS has been poorly explored. This study investigated the effects of tetracycline (TE) on AGS treating pharmaceutical wastewater at room temperature and analyzed the related mechanisms. The results demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between TE's effects on AGS. At concentrations below the threshold of 0.1 mg/L, the effects are considered trivial. In contrast, TE with more than 2.0 mg/L reduces the performance of AGS. In the 6.0 mg/L TE group, COD, TN, and TP removal efficiencies decreased to 72.6–75.5, 54.6–58.9, and 71.6–75.8%, respectively. High concentrations of TE reduced sludge concentration and the proportion of organic matter in AGS, leading to a decline in sludge settling performance. Elevated TE concentrations stimulated extracellular polymeric substance secretion, increasing polymeric nitrogen and polymeric phosphorus content. Intracellular polymer analysis revealed that high TE concentrations reduced polyhydroxyalkanoates but enhanced glycogen metabolism. Enzyme activity analysis disclosed that high TE concentrations decreased the activity of key enzymes associated with nutrient removal.
movimentos sociais e as novas centralidades urbanas
Authors: Sarmento Luiz Eduardo Pinheiro
Published: July 2024

Neste texto, busco analisar os conflitos e as resistências que se estabelecem em torno da implantação de megaprojetos de desenvolvimento. Especificamente, procuro lançar luz sobre as lutas e as iniciativas alternativas empreendidas pelo Movimento #ocupeestelita na disputa de um espaço histórico e paisagístico, denominado Cais José Estelita, localizado em Recife-PE, alvo de um empreendimento imobiliário. Meu pressuposto é que estes acontecimentos geraram transformações e fizeram aflorar, a partir de atos insurgentes e criativos, novas experiências de gramáticas espaciais insurgentes e novas centralidades urbanas, alterando a direção dos fluxos comunicativos e, sobretudo, a posição e a identidade dos sujeitos interagentes. Para análise, recorro a uma pesquisa etnográfica realizada entre os anos de 2013 e 2017 que registrou e interpretou as ocupações, dinâmicas, discursos e formas de participação.
Submissão: 18 abr. 2024 ⊶ Aceite: 13 jun. 2024
Dançando com a ambiguidade
Authors: Bunnell Pille , Mourthé Júnior Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2024

Os leitores deste artigo são convidados a dançar com a ambiguidade, ou seja, a se envolver com as incertezas inerentes à complexa rede relacional sistêmica que constitui a vida na Terra. Ao considerarmos as dimensões cultural, biológica e linguística que constituímos e pelas quais somos constituídos, podemos discernir que geramos restrições que possibilitam alguns aspectos da vida, ao mesmo tempo que restringem e até obscurecem outras possibilidades. À medida que reconhecemos que as distinções que fizemos se baseiam apenas nas regularidades mais óbvias e recorrentes, podemos reconhecer novas possibilidades na forma como vivemos as nossas vidas e, portanto, nas culturas e paisagens que geramos. O uso da metáfora da dança encoraja a nos envolvermos em uma interação multidimensional com o fluxo do nosso meio em mudança. Envolvendo-nos como se estivéssemos dançando, a maravilhosa emoção da dúvida pode substituir nosso desejo de certeza. Viver esta maravilhosa experiência da dúvida pode servir como um convite ao caminho da sabedoria. Além disso, esta exploração encoraja-nos a refletir sobre as emoções que sustentam as nossas vidas individuais e a assumir uma postura responsável em relação às escolhas que fazemos como espécie.
Tradução: Carlos Alberto Mourthé Júnior
Submissão: 20 mar. 2024 ⊶ Aceite: 25 mai. 2024
criatividade do vivenciar
Authors: Ingold Tim , Vianna Beto
Published: July 2024

A criatividade é geralmente retratada como um fator X responsável pela geração espontânea do absolutamente novo. No entanto, a obsessão pela novidade implica uma atenção aos produtos finais e uma atribuição retrospectiva das suas formas a ideias sem precedentes na mente dos indivíduos, ignorando os potenciais geradores de forma das relações e processos em que as pessoas e coisas surgem e se desenvolvem. Nesses processos, espera-se tipicamente que o aprendiz copie as obras dos grandes mestres do passado. No entanto, mesmo seguindo um roteiro ou uma partitura, cada praticante tem de improvisar o seu próprio caminho através do conjunto de tarefas que a performance implica. Com exemplos da música, da caligrafia e da confecção de rendas, mostro que a fontes da criatividade não está na cabeça das pessoas, mas em seu envolvimento em um mundo em formação. Nesse tipo de criatividade, mais vivenciada que realizada, a imaginação não é tanto a capacidade de apresentar novas ideias, mas o impulso aspiracional de uma vida que não apenas se vive, mas se conduz. Para onde ela é conduzida, no entanto, não é dado de antemão. Abrindo-se ao desconhecido – se expondo – a imaginação conduz não pela maestria, mas pela submissão. Assim, a criatividade do vivenciar, da ação sem agência, é a criatividade da própria vida.
Tradução: Beto Vianna
Submissão: 15 mai. 2024 ⊶ Aceite: 3 jun. 2024
Uso de hábitats del autillo de Santa Marta (Megascops gilesi) en el sector San Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Authors: Gutiérrez-Guillén Jorge Luis , Spinelli Giorgi Guido Riccardo , Tamaris-Turizo Diana Patricia
Published: July 2024

El autillo de Santa Marta es un búho endémico de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta y se encuentra distribuido en los bosques húmedos de esta región montañosa. Sin embargo, su hábitat está en declive debido a la reducción de las áreas boscosas. A pesar de la importancia biológica de esta especie, se conoce poco acerca del uso e interacciones en el hábitat. En este estudio se analizó el hábitat del Megascops gilesi a partir del uso de coberturas de vegetación y se describen atributos de la historia natural. Para ello se hizo un monitoreo nocturno en el sector de San Lorenzo durante el cual se registraron los individuos observados, teniendo en cuenta la estacionalidad climática y tipo de vegetación, complementado con llamados de playback. El autillo de Santa Marta usó cinco tipos de vegetación, la mayor detección de individuos (82,6 % n= 76) fueron en los bosques densos. Observaciones en campo permiten afirmar que el búho se alimentó de la rana Serranobatrachus sanctaemartae, así como de un ortóptero de la familia Tettigoniidae, también se reporta un intento de consumo del cangrejo Strengeriana taironae. Estos resultados sugieren que el búho frecuentó coberturas de mayor complejidad en la estructura de la vegetación, como los bosques densos, esto podría favorecer el soporte de la población. Los registros según la estacionalidad se ajustaron a la teoría de distribución espacial y uso de hábitat de las rapaces nocturnas, en la cual los patrones de movimiento y dispersión de la especie se reducen en época lluvia, cuando los recursos podrían ser más abundantes y de mayor accesibilidad. Con esta investigación se proporciona información relevante para la planificación de políticas de conservación efectivas y protección del hábitat de este autillo en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
Internacionalização como estratégia para promoção da permanência estudantil e sucesso acadêmico na educação superior
Authors: Santos Pricila Kohls dos , Morosini Marília Costa
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo aborda a temática da internacionalização como estratégia para a permanência estudantil e o sucesso acadêmico na educação superior em periódicos científicos, publicados nas bases Scopus e Lens, nos últimos cinco anos. É um estudo de abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, fazendo uso de pesquisa bibliográfica, do tipo estado do conhecimento, para o mapeamento de análise das publicações científicas. Ademais, tem como caráter inovador o uso do ChatGPT, com validação humana, para a organização, categorização, análise e apresentação dos dados. Os resultados apontam para a confirmação dessa relação com destaque para as categorias Estresse e adaptação acadêmica; Impacto do estudo no exterior; Motivação e aprendizagem em contextos internacionais e Educação em contextos de refugiados. De uma forma geral, os artigos estudam não só fatores positivos, mas também desafios a serem resolvidos para que a internacionalização constitua-se em uma estratégia de permanência estudantil e sucesso acadêmico.
Anti-Resistant Strategies: Icotinib Derivatives as Promising Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei , Du Yu , Chen Xiaojie
Published: July 2024

Background:

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients often benefit from EGFR
inhibitors like gefitinib. However, drug resistance remains a significant challenge in treatment.
The unique properties of 1,2,3-triazole, a nitrogen-based compound, hold promise as potential solutions
due to its versatile structural attributes and diverse biological effects, including anticancer
properties.

Materials and Methods:

Our synthesis process involved the huisgen cycloaddition chemical
method, which generated diverse icotinib derivatives. We evaluated the anticancer capabilities of
these derivatives against various cancer cell lines, with a specific focus on NSCLC cells that exhibit
drug resistance. Additionally, we investigated the binding affinity of selected compounds, including
3l, towards wild-type EGFR using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments.

Results:

Notably, icotinib derivatives such as derivative 3l demonstrated significant efficacy
against different cancer cell lines, including those resistant to conventional therapies. Compound
3l exhibited potent activity with IC50 values below 10 μM against drug-resistant cells. SPR experiments
revealed that 3l exhibited enhanced affinity towards wild-type EGFR compared to icotinib.
Our research findings suggest that 3l acts as a compelling antagonist for the protein tyrosine kinase
of EGFR (EGFR-PTK).

Conclusion:

Icotinib derivative 3l, featuring a 1,2,3-triazole ring, demonstrates potent anticancer
effects against drug-resistant NSCLC cells. Its enhanced binding affinity to EGFR and modulation
of the EGFR-RAS-RAF-MAPK pathway position 3l as a promising candidate for the future development
of anticancer drugs.Keywords: Icotinib, 1,2,3-triazole, drug-resistance, NSCLC, drug-resistance,
EGFR-PTK.
Double-dose Versus Single-dose Methotrexate Therapy in Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Pourali Leila , Vatanchi Atiyeh , Mehrad-Majd Hassan , Ghomian Nayereh , Jabarzadeh Solaleh
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Methotrexate (MTX) was traditionally administered using the multi-dose
regimen or single-dose protocols to treat ectopic pregnancies. The two-dose regimen was described
as a cross between these two previous protocols aiming to lower side effects than multi-dose with a
higher success rate of single-dose protocols. Hence, this study compared double-dose versus singledose
methotrexate therapy in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy.

Methods:

This prospective cohort study was performed on the women referred to the academic
hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences from March 2018 to July 2021 who were diagnosed
as having stable tubal ectopic pregnancy and selected for medical treatment with methotrexate.
Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
(SPSS) software (version 26). P≤0.05 was considered a significant level.

Results:

A total number of 347 patients were included in this study. About 300 cases were evaluated:
240 cases in single-dose and 60 cases in the double-dose group. The Beta Human chorionic
gonadotropin (Beta-hCG) declined more than 15% between days 4 and 7 and was significantly
higher in the double-dose group (P<0.001). Regarding the time from MTX administration until Beta-
hCG level <5mIU/mg, this time was significantly shorter in the double-dose group (P=0.045).
Considering the side effects, there was no complication in any of the groups. However, tubal rupture
was seen in 17 cases of double-dose and 10 cases in the single-dose group, respectively.

Conclusion:

The results of the current study showed a higher treatment success rate in double-dose
MTX protocol with comparable side effects compared to single-dose MTX protocol for the treatment
of stable tubal ectopic pregnancy.
Impact of Cognitive-behavioral Counseling on Attitudes of Childless Couples: A Mixed Face-to-Face and Virtual Intervention Trial
Authors: Soltani Faezeh , Vakilian Katayon , Nokani Mostafa , Torkestani Naimeh Akbari
Published: July 2024

Background

Considering the declining trend in population growth in many countries, Iran is no exception. Therefore, effective interventions for couples' desire to have children should be developed and employed in the early years of marriage.

Aim

This study sought to answer the question of whether counseling can change the negative attitude of couples towards having a child.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a combined method of counseling with a cognitive-behavioral approach on the attitude of childless couples.

Methods

The present study is an educational trial conducted with a control group of couples with no child, who were referred to the health centers in Qom, Iran. The intervention group (n=20) received cognitive-behavioral counseling in 60-minute sessions for 6 weeks (twice a week) using a combined face-to-face and virtual method via the Eitaa social application. The participants in the control group (n=19) received no intervention program. Attitude was measured in 3 stages using the questionnaire on childbearing attitudes. SPSS 22, independent t-test, Fisher’s test, Chi-square test, and repeated measurement were used to analyze the data.

Results

Total attitude in the intervention group increased from 49.25 to 63.85 in the same period, which was within the range of positive attitude (more than 50% of total score) (p=0.01), and it remained within the range of negative attitude (less than 50% of the total score) for the control group. Moreover, the attitudes of the two groups were significantly different (p=0.03).

Conclusion

Since the participants’ attitude towards childbearing before the intervention was negative and changed to a positive attitude after the intervention, healthcare providers and midwives are suggested to use this method in the clinical setting.
Analyzing Trustworthiness and Explainability in Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Dixit Muskan , Kansal Isha , Khullar Vikas , Kumar Rajeev , Kumar Sunil
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an important driver in the current dynamic
technological environment, presenting itself as a revolutionary power capable of reconfiguring
various sectors, economies, and social structures. The paper aims to address a wide range of
readers, encompassing AI practitioners, academics, and people in general. Its primary objective is
to connect the complex technical aspects of AI and the ethical problems inherent in its creation
and implementation. In an era marked by the growing integration of AI systems into various aspects
of human existence, the book offers fundamental ideas that contribute to cultivating an environment
where these systems function with transparency, ethical considerations, and reliability.
The paper's comprehensive coverage spans various subjects that contribute to a complete comprehension
of the intricate terrain of reliable AI. The analysis is initiated by conducting an indepth
examination of the architectural aspects of AI systems, elucidating the progression from
the input of data to the generation of decision-making outcomes. The text introduces the core
functions of AI, explores its conceptual framework, and emphasizes the significance of data processing
modules, computations, Machine Learning models (ML), and integrating software. This
foundational framework establishes a basis for subsequent investigation into the pivotal concepts
of integrity, trust, and ethics. This paper bravely tackles urgent issues about bias, justice, and the
erosion of data privacy while offering practical solutions to increase AI system openness and
explainability by 20%. This paper examines various strategies to improve transparency and explainability,
recognizing the importance of strengthening user understanding and confidence.
Within the realm of healthcare, the paper acquaints readers with the pioneering notion of Federated
Deep Learning, which can improve data privacy by up to 30%. This includes a dedicated
part that delves into the concept of explainable AI, introducing various methodologies such as
LIME and SHAP, which are employed to interpret predictions made by AI models. The paper
provides readers with the knowledge to traverse the ever-changing environment of AI safely and
ethically. It emphasizes the importance of utilizing AI's transformative potential for improving
humanity while maintaining the utmost adherence to ethical principles.
The Influence of Trap and Refugia Plants on Populations and Attacks of Leaf-Miner Flies Liriomyza sp. on Shallots Cultivation
Authors: Setiawati Lia , Mudjiono Gatot , Widjayanti Tita
Published: July 2024

Leaf miners (Liriomyza sp.) are one of the pests affecting shallot plants. Attacks by Liriomyza sp. on shallot plants lead to tuber rot and leaves drying out, resembling burn damage. One control method is to utilize trap plants and refugia. Trap plants are specific species that attract pests, diverting them from the main crop. Refugia, on the other hand, are areas where pests can seek shelter, reducing their impact on the main crop. This study aimed to assess the impact of trap plants and refugia on the population and attacks of Liriomyza sp. in shallot crops. The research was conducted from June to September 2021 at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture in Jatimulyo Village, Lowokwaru District, Malang City, East Java. Observation parameters included the population of Liriomyza sp., damage intensity, population of natural enemies, plant height, and number of leaves. The results indicated that different types of trap plants significantly influenced the population of Liriomyza sp. and damage intensity compared to the control treatment. However, different trap plant types did not significantly affect the population of natural enemies. The natural enemies identified included Vespidae, Coenosia sp., and Opius sp. Additionally, various trap plant types did not significantly impact plant height and the number of leaves.
Effectiveness of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) Leaf Extract in Suppressing The Growth of Xanthomonas oryzae and The Occurrence of Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease in Rice Plant (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Khotimah Dwi Kusnul , Abadi Abdul Latief , Choliq Fery Abdul
Published: July 2024

Rice, as a staple food, is widely produced across Indonesia. However, bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in rice is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) has been reported to cause significant crop yield losses. The continuous use of chemical bactericides to control BLB is not environmentally sustainable. This study investigated the potential of the Binahong plant as a botanical pesticide to suppress the growth of Xoo bacteria. Binahong is readily available in Indonesia and can be propagated generatively and vegetatively. The research employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experimental method to evaluate the effectiveness of Binahong leaf extract against Xoo pathogens in vitro at various concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%) alongside positive and negative controls. In-vivo observations were made on several parameters: seed germination percentage, disease incidence, incubation period, and plant length. Data analysis revealed that Binahong leaf extract inhibited the growth of Xoo bacterial colonies in vitro at all tested concentrations (0.5% to 2%). Furthermore, soaking rice seeds in Binahong leaf extract was effective in vivo at all concentrations, demonstrating significant differences compared to the negative control and no significant differences compared to the positive control.
Glasgow Coma Scale Scores and Impact of Delirium on Intubated Seizure Patients Treated with Phenytoin and Lacosamide: Retrospective Analysis and Literature Review
Authors: Alattar Sara , Nouman Muhammad , Onyiuke Chidozie , Stasieluk Conrad , Meresh Edwin
Published: July 2024

Studies have shown that decrease in time intubated is associated with better prognosis. Delirium is associated with increased duration of mechanical ventilation and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) length of stay. However, there is limited report on delirium in intubated seizure patients. As per report, low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) increased the risk of delirium and thus increasing ICU length of stay. Information on delirium and outcome in intubated seizure patients receiving lacosamide versus phenytoin is limited. Our retrospective pilot study aimed to assess the GCS scores and impact of delirium in intubated seizure patients who were treated with phenytoin and lacosamide. In this retrospective pilot study, review was conducted via chart review of hospitalized, intubated seizure patients on Phenytoin or Lacosamide at Loyola University Medical Center Neurology ICU from 2018 to 2020. Endotracheal intubation was identified by ICD 10, ICD-10-PCS 0BH17EZ, (Z99.11), and Delirium diagnosis was identified using delirium ICD codes 10 F05, R41. 82 R41.0, ICD 9: 293, 780.97, and 298.2. Hospital and ICU patient admit and discharge dates and Glasgow Coma Scale scores were extracted. This pilot study investigated qualitative variables. The patient age at admission was an average of 65 years. A total of 20 charts were included in the final analysis. 50% of phenytoin group experienced delirium (4/8), 50% of the lacosamide group also experienced delirium (6/12). Number of Days Intubated in Delirium: 2.0 days, no delirium: 1.5 days, number of Days in ICU in Delirium: 5.6 days, no delirium: 3.3 days, number of days in hospital in delirium: 13.7 days, no delirium: 8.5 day. Patients with delirium had longer ICU stays (5.6 days vs. 3.3) and hospital stays (13.7 days vs. 8.5). Patients with GCS less than 10 were much more likely to experience delirium, with 8 out of 11 (73%) patients experiencing delirium versus 2 out of 9 (22%) for patients with GCS greater than 10. Low GCS score at ICU admission could predict emerging delirium in intubated seizure patients. Studies are required to see if early treatment of delirium can decrease the ICU length of stay. Our pilot study highlighted that GCS scores are a key component of assessment of functioning over hospital admission. Prospective and larger studies are required to determine the impact of delirium and relationship between GCS scores and delirium in intubated seizure patients. KeywordsStatus epilepticus; intubation; seizure; delirium; anticonvulsants; Glasgow Coma Scale score
Human Brucellosis in Iraq: Spatiotemporal Data Analysis From 2007-2018
Authors: Mustafa Ali Hazim , Khaleel Hanan Abdulghafoor , Lami Faris
Published: July 2024

Background

Brucellosis is both endemic and enzootic in Iraq, resulting in long-term morbidity for humans as well as economic loss. No previous study of the spatial and temporal patterns of brucellosis in Iraq was done to identify potential clustering of cases.

Objective

This study aims to detect the spatial and temporal distribution of human brucellosis in Iraq and identify any changes that occurred from 2007 to 2018.

Methods

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the Surveillance Section at the Communicable Diseases Control Center, Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health in Iraq. The trends of cases by sex and age group from 2007 to 2018 were displayed. The seasonal distribution of the cases from 2007 to 2012 was graphed. We calculated the incidence of human brucellosis per district per year and used local Getis-Ord Gi* statistics to detect the spatial distribution of the data. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and GeoDa software.

Results

A total of 51,508 human brucellosis cases were reported during the 12-year study period, with some missing data for age groups. Human brucellosis persisted annually in Iraq across the study period with no specific temporal clustering of cases. In contrast, spatial clustering was predominant in northern Iraq.

Conclusions

There were significant differences in the geographic distribution of brucellosis. The number of cases is the highest in the north and northeast regions of the country, which has borders with nearby countries. In addition, people in these areas depend more on locally made dairy products, which can be inadequately pasteurized. Despite the lack of significant temporal clustering of cases, the highest number of cases were reported during summer and spring. Considering these patterns when allocating resources to combat this disease, determining public health priorities, and planning prevention and control strategies is important.
The Association Between Depressive Symptoms and the Weekly Duration of Physical Activity Subset by Intensity and Domain: Population-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey From 2007 to 2018 (Preprint)
Authors: Boparai Josheil K , Dunnett Sarah , Wu Michelle , Tassone Vanessa K , Duffy Sophie F , Zuluaga Cuartas Valentina , Chen Ziming , Jung Hyejung , Sabiston Catherine M , Lou Wendy , Bhat Venkat
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Prior literature suggests a dose-response relationship between physical activity (PA) and depressive symptoms. The intensity and domain of PA are suggested to be critical to its protective effect against depression; however, existing literature has shown mixed results.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this population-based study is to examine the associations between depressive symptoms and weekly duration of (1) total PA and (2) PA subset by intensity, domain, or both.

METHODS

A cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2007 to 2018 was conducted using multivariable logistic and linear regression models and survey weights. Participants (N=29,730) were 20 years and older and completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire and Depression Screener. The primary outcome was the presence of depressive symptoms, and the secondary outcomes were cognitive-affective and somatic symptoms of depression.

RESULTS

Participants (N=29,730) had a weighted mean age of 47.62 (SD 16.99) years, and 15,133 (51.34%) were female. On average, participants without depressive symptoms engaged in 10.87 hours of total PA per week, whereas participants with depressive symptoms engaged in 8.82 hours (P<.001). No significant associations were seen between the weekly duration of total PA and depressive symptom odds, somatic, or cognitive-affective symptoms (all P>.05). Participants with an increased weekly duration of recreational PA had decreases in depressive symptom odds (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.965, 95% CI 0.944-0.986) and in somatic (adjusted coefficient [aβ]=–0.016, 95% CI –0.022 to –0.009) and cognitive-affective (aβ=–0.015, 95% CI –0.023 to –0.007) symptoms. When recreational PA was subset by intensity, participants with an increased weekly duration of vigorous-intensity recreational PA had decreases in depressive symptom odds (aOR 0.926, 95% CI 0.883-0.972) and in somatic (aβ=–0.021, 95% CI –0.032 to –0.010) and cognitive-affective (aβ=–0.022, 95% CI –0.035 to –0.009) symptoms. However, significant associations were not seen for the weekly duration of work-related, moderate- or vigorous-intensity PAs (all P>.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Findings suggest that recreational, not work-related PA is associated with reduced symptoms of depression. Future studies should explore the impact of the different types and contexts of PA on depressive symptomatology.
PERFORMANCE OF CHAT GPT ON TURKISH BOARD OF ORTHOPAEDİC SURGERY EXAMINATION (Preprint)
Authors: Öner Jr Süleyman Kaan
Published: July 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

ABSTRACT
Objectives
The aim of this study is to evaluate the success of Chat GPT in the Turkish Board of orthopedic surgery examination
Materials and Methods
Among the written exam questions prepared by TOTEK between 2021 and 2023, questions asking visual information similar to those in the literature and canceled questions were not included and all other questions were taken into consideration. The questions were divided into 19 categories according to topics. Also the questions were divided into 3 categories according to the methods of evaluating information: direct recall of information, ability to comment and ability to use information correctly. Questions were asked separately to Chat GPT 3.5 and 4.0 artificial intelligence applications. All answers given were evaluated appropriately according to this grouping.
Visual questions were not asked to Chat GPT due to its inability to perceive visual questions. Only questions answered by the application with the correct choice and explanation were accepted as correct answers. Questions that answered incorrectly by Chat GPT were considered incorrect.
Results
We eliminated the visual questions of 300 questions in total, and asked the remaining 265 multiple choice questions to the Chat GPT application. It answered 95 (35%) of 265 questions correctly and answered 169 (63%) incorrectly. It was also seen that he could not answer 1 question. It has been observed that the exam success of the Chat GPT application is higher than the subjects, especially in the infection questions (67%). Descriptive findings are shown in table 3, showing that both artificial intelligence models can be effective at different levels on various issues, but predominantly GPT 4 performs better.
Conclusion
Our study showed that although Chat GPT could not reach the level of passing the Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Proficiency Exam but it could reach a certain level of accuracy. Software such as Chat GPT needs to be developed and studied further in order to be useful for orthopedics and traumatology physicians, where evaluation of radiological images and physical examination are very important.
Оптимальна антигіпертензивна терапія в сучасних умовах
Authors: Sirenko Yu.M. , Torbas O.O.
Published: July 2024

Артеріальна гіпертензія (АГ) залишається найбільш поширеним неінфекційним захворюванням у наш час. Незважаючи на обнадійливе поліпшення показників контролю, артеріальний тиск (АТ) у світі загалом продовжує зростати (можливо, тому що люди живуть довше і не вмирають від захворювань у молодому віці). У результаті ми спостерігаємо велику кількість нових випадків АГ, особливо серед пацієнтів молодого віку. Якщо говорити про сучасний профіль пацієнтів з АГ, то це молоді особи (значно молодші, ніж у минулому десятиріччі), які приходять до кардіолога вже з додатковими факторами ризику, мають несприятливий сімейний анамнез серцево-судинних захворювань та інколи — додаткові супутні захворювання, адже стрес пов’язаний з порушенням роботи всіх органів і систем. На сьогодні, коли ми досягаємо адекватного контролю АТ за допомогою монотерапії, така тактика має право на існування. Однак якщо в пацієнта підвищений кардіоваскулярний ризик, наявні супутні захворювання або стани і при цьому залишається м’яка АГ, то такому пацієнту було б доцільніше призначити комбіновану терапію, щоб мати додаткові протекторні ефекти від кожного з компонентів. У багатьох сучасних дослідженнях було показано, що низькодозові комбінації, які можна призначати в таких випадках, мають потенціал щодо подальшої розробки. Комбінація лізиноприлу/амлодипіну зі зменшеною дозою лізиноприлу може мати місце в сучасній терапії АГ. Таку комбінацію можна призначити пацієнтам з м’якою та помірною АГ, хворим на АГ з невеликим стажем гіпертензії, уперше виявленим пацієнтам, які мають додатковий високий кардіоваскулярний ризик. На вітчизняному фармацевтичному ринку оригінальну фіксовану комбінацію лізиноприлу з амлодипіном у потрібній дозі 5/5 мг надає фармацевтична компанія World Medicine, торгова назва препарату — Амліпін. Він добре відомий українським фахівцям завдяки високій якості, передбачуваній клінічній ефективності та добрій переносимості, що разом визначає добру прихильність пацієнтів до такої терапії.
Nghiên cứu thành phần hóa học và hoạt tính sinh học của cây Xuyên tâm liên (Andrographis paniculata)
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Ây , Trần Nguyễn Phương Lam , Trần Phương Nguyên
Published: July 2024

Cây Xuyên tâm liên được xem là vua của đắng, một loại cây thân thảo hàng năm thuộc họ Acanthaceae, được trồng rộng rãi ở Nam và Đông Nam Á. Xuyên tâm liên là phương thuốc để điều trị nhiễm trùng do vi khuẩn, cảm lạnh thông thường, tiêu chảy và đồng thời bổ cho gan. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm tìm ra độ tuổi thu hoạch thích hợp cho Xuyên tâm liên. Đồng thời khảo sát khả năng kháng oxy hóa và kháng khuẩn của cao chiết Xuyên tâm liên. Kết quả cho thấy trong giai đoạn cây ra hoa có hàm lượng quercetine và caffeine tổng số cao nhất (lần lượt là 119,18 và 16,71 mg/g trọng lượng khô) trong khi hàm lượng andrographolide tổng số ở giai đoạn cây già có giá trị cao nhất là 0,99 mg/g TLK. Cao chiết từ cây Xuyên tâm liên cho thấy khả năng trung hòa gốc tự do DPPH với EC50 = 627,925 µg/mL và khả năng khử sắt với EC50 = 163,898 µg/mL. Ngoài ra, cao chiết cũng cho thấy khả năng kháng các chủng vi sinh vật Bacillus cereus ATCC10876, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Listeria innocua ATCC33090, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Escherichia coli ATCC25922 với nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu dao động khoảng 16 - 32 mg/mL.
Phân lập và tuyển chọn vi khuẩn lactic từ một số loại mắm được sản xuất tại thành phố Cần Thơ
Authors: Võ Thị Thảo Sương , Hồ Thị Tường Vy , Nguyễn Lâm Nhã Tường , Lưu Minh Châu , Nguyễn Ngọc Thạnh , Huỳnh Xuân Phong
Published: July 2024

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm phân lập và tuyển chọn những chủng vi khuẩn lactic có khả năng sinh enzyme ngoại bào (protease và amylase) và khả năng lên men sinh acid lactic cao. Kết quả dựa trên cơ sở xác định hình thái, sinh lý, sinh hóa đã phân lập được 28 chủng vi khuẩn lactic từ 5 mẫu mắm và các chủng vi khuẩn này đều là Gram dương, catalase âm tính, oxidase âm tính và không có khả năng di động. Khi đánh giá khả năng sinh enzyme ngoại bào của các chủng được phân lập, kết quả cho thấy có 22 chủng vi khuẩn có khả năng phân giải protein (chiếm 78,57%) và 6 chủng vi khuẩn không có khả năng phân giải protein (chiếm 21,43%). Mặt khác, trong số 28 chủng chỉ có 21 chủng vi khuẩn có khả năng phân giải tinh bột và 7 chủng vi khuẩn không có khả năng phân giải. Bên cạnh đó, hàm lượng acid lactic của 28 chủng sinh ra cao nhất sau 3 ngày lên men và dao động trong khoảng 8,4 - 15,0 g/L. Từ đó cho thấy các chủng vi khuẩn lactic này là những chủng có tiềm năng ứng dụng trong quá trình lên men mắm cá, giúp nâng cao chất lượng sản phẩm.
Định hướng sử dụng đất nông nghiệp trên cơ sở tiềm năng đất đai huyện Vĩnh Thuận, tỉnh Kiên Giang
Authors: Phan Chí Nguyện , Phạm Thanh Vũ , Nguyễn Thị Song Bình , Vương Tuấn Huy , Phan Hoàng Vũ , Võ Quang Minh
Published: July 2024

Bài báo nhằm xác định khả năng phù hợp đất đai về định tính và định lượng làm cơ sở bố trí sử dụng đất nông nghiệp cho huyện Vĩnh Thuận. Chín cuộc PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) được tiến hành thực hiện đối với nhà quản lý và người dân trực tiếp canh tác nông nghiệp để xác định các điều kiện về tự nhiên, kinh tế và tình hình sản xuất nông nghiệp của địa phương. Bên cạnh đó, phương pháp đánh giá đất đai của Food and Agriculture Organization - FAO (1976 và 2007) được áp dụng để xác định khả năng phù hợp đất đai về tự nhiên và kinh tế cho các kiểu sử dụng đất chính của huyện dưới sự hỗ trợ của công cụ GIS để xây dựng các bản đồ chuyên đề. Kết quả đã xác định được 07 vùng thích nghi tự nhiên và 12 vùng thích nghi về kinh tế cho 05 kiểu sử dụng đất bao gồm lúa 2 vụ, lúa 2 vụ-màu, lúa-tôm, thuỷ sản lợ và chuyên khóm. Căn cứ vào khả năng phù hợp về tự nhiên và định lượng kinh tế, kết hợp định hướng phát triển của địa phương và trên cơ sở tham vấn ý kiến của người dân, 06 vùng sản xuất nông nghiệp đã được xây dựng cho huyện Vĩnh Thuận đến năm 2030 mang tính bền vững, thích ứng với biến đổi khí hậu.
Research on the Characteristics of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Influencing Factors of Carbon Emissions: The Case of Chengdu
Authors: Hong Chenyue
Published: July 2024

It is necessary to study the characteristics of the spatial and temporal characteristics and influencing factors of carbon emissions. Doing so holds great significance for optimizing urban spatial patterns and protecting the environment. Based on the ArcGIS and SPSS packages and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, this study analyzed the carbon emission data, population data, gross domestic product (GDP) data and land use data of 19 districts and counties in Chengdu in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. Based on the analysis, the characteristics of the temporal and spatial distribution and influencing factors of carbon emissions in Chengdu are discussed. We hope to provide a relevant basis for future urban construction and policy making in Chengdu. The research results show that the overall carbon emissions in Chengdu are increasing. Since 2010, the carbon emissions in the central city began to decrease, while the carbon emissions in other major carbon emission areas grew relatively slowly. Population, the economy and land use will affect carbon emissions in Chengdu.
The Impact of Urban Green Patches on Air Pollutant Concentration: A Case Study of Hangzhou
Authors: Tao Hao , Wen Rikun , Yang Liu , N’tani Chingaipe
Published: July 2024

To explore the impact of landscape pattern index on air pollutant, this study takes the annual average concentrations of PM2.5, O3, PM10, and NO2 at 14 national air quality monitoring stations in Hangzhou from 2014 to 2021 as the dependent variables, and selects five landscape pattern indices of green patches within 500m of the monitoring stations as independent variables. An enhanced regression tree model was used to study the influence of landscape patterns on the concentrations of the four air pollutants. The results show that the most significant influencing factors for the concentrations of PM2.5, O3, PM10, and NO2 are the aggregation index, Shannon's diversity index, aggregation index, and largest patch index respectively, with relative influence rates of 29.27%, 25.06%, 31.28%, and 28.58%, respectively. The aggregation index has a significant impact on all types of air pollutants and plays a good role in reducing air pollution. With higher regional patch aggregation index, the concentration of air particulate matter and nitrogen oxides is greatly alleviated. The largest patch index is significantly negatively correlated with air particulate matter and ozone concentration, and an increase in green areas has a good mitigating effect on these two types of air pollutants. As the Shannon diversity index increases, there is a general trend of decreasing particulate matter concentration, while the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and ozone show a decrease as well. This suggests that the complexity of landscape shape and boundaries is conducive to the reduction of nitrogen dioxide and ozone concentrations to a certain extent.
Translation of English vernacular into Russian
Authors: Ismailova Farida
Published: July 2024

The issue considered in this article is the problem of translating English vernacular into Russian, using examples of the works of English writers, particularly Jerome David Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Rye”. Even in the recent past, vernacular very often remained unreproduced in a literary text. However, scientists - linguists and translators have begun to attach great importance to this aspect of translation, therefore, over the past few years, there has been a clear shift in this regard in the translation of fiction.
Phish-blocker: Safeguarding against Phishing Attacks in Real-Time
Authors: S Brindha.
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Phishing is defined as a cyber attack that uses social engineering through digital tools to persuade victims to reveal personal information such as their passwords or credit card numbers. Finally, stolen personal information is used to fraudulently trust legitimate websites or financial institutions and generate illegal profits. Although there are different solutions against phishing, phishing attacks have increased significantly in the last few years. Some solutions rely on removing features by rules, while some features rely on third-party services, which can cause instability and prolong problems with prediction services. This project introduced Phish Wiper, a deep learning framework that uses neural networks (RNN) to identify URL and HTML features in a real-time search engine. Phish Wiper uses two deep encryption methods (URL blocks and HTML blocks) that are learned separately and together throughout the connection process, eliminating each network's publishing process as the final decision. This method examines the URL and HTML of web pages and calculates their similarity to known phishing websites to identify them. Phishing detection is a dual task; There are two categories: legitimate and phishing. We use this framework as a browser plug-in that can instantly detect and alert when a user visits a web page if there is a phishing risk. According to the experimental results, the proposed model achieved good performance with an accuracy of 96.79% to 98.90% when measured using different data.
Analisis Kritik Terhadap Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran PAI di Sekolah
Authors: Ismail Shalahudin Ismail , Saepulmillah Asep , Ruswandi Uus , Samsul Arifin Bambang
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of Islamic Education learning in schools. The method used in this research is library research, where the author bases on data sources or references in the form of text from the opinions of experts that have been formulated in the form of books, journals, and others. The results show that the critical analysis in the implementation of Islamic Education learning in schools is that the level of concern of the teachers to present a good and systematic planning, implementation and evaluation of learning, and their level of expertise in their respective scientific disciplines is not sufficient to be able to design a learning concept. The solution in the implementation of effective Islamic education learning is that Islamic education teachers must have the ability to understand the characteristics and desires of their students through the use of various methods that can arouse student creativity so that they can be motivated to learn Islamic education. Also the teacher must be communicative so that it can adapt to the conditions of the students. The teacher must also provide opportunities for students to express opinions so that a learning process occurs which is not only a transfer of material from teacher to student but also a reciprocal process between the two.
Desain Pembelajaran ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) E-Learning Pada Materi Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam
Authors: Azizah Nurul , Syarifah
Published: July 2024

The implementation of online learning or e-learning can be a solution during the COVID-19 pandemic, Although in practice, there are often problems. This happens because teachers and students are unfamiliar with e-learning learning, limited internet access, and the presentation of the material is less attractive to students. One attempt to solve the problem is by designing and planning lessons well because the design is the initial step in determining the successful implementation of learning. The results of this study are 1. The steps for designing the ADDIE models are a) the needs analysis and problem analysis stages b) designing the content of materials, media, and learning strategies, c) developing lesson plans and syllabus using the student centered Learning-Based approach, d) Application of design that is designed for e-learning teaching situation and e) test and validation by experts, 2) The results of the validity of the learning planning design based on the material validator get 3.49 results with good criteria and media validators get results, 3.62 with very good category, and 2) The results of student responses with very good answers to the design of learning media reached 78%.
Peran Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di Lembaga Islam
Authors: Maulid Agustin  , Firmansyah
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to describe the leadership role of school principals in improving teacher performance in Islamic educational institutions. The principal is one component in education that has an effect on improving teacher performance. The method used in this study uses a library research method or approach, literature or literature study, namely research conducted by reviewing and/or exploring several sources originating from scientific journals, literature and other information deemed relevant. The principal is a determinant of the success of an education because whether or not a quality is determined by the education provider and also the learning process depends on how the leadership in educational institutions is. The principal must be able to carry out the implementation and its functions, namely, the functions of educators, managers, administrators, supervisors, leaders, innovators, and motivators, figures and mediators. To achieve the success of an effective school or school, the teacher's performance must be properly measured and controlled. There are several factors that affect the performance of a teacher. This is where the role of the principal as a leader is needed because the principal is an agent of change, as a guide, spokesperson, and coach. So that the principal must create a healthy atmosphere in order to create a pleasant atmosphere and work spirit for teachers in order to improve the quality of a teacher's work in the teaching process.