bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the intervention program according to Pulmonary Rehabilitation principles on breathing functions of healthy individuals
Authors: Malátová Renáta , Bahenský Petr , Mareš Martin , Marko David
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The aim of the study is to develop and verify an intervention program based on find-ings of the subject field Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the application of such programme to a daily program of healthy probands over a six-week period. The authors were concerned with determining whether an intervention program, based on a combination of aerobic load and resistance training, might affect the breathing stereotype and breathing functions in healthy individuals. Methods: Muscle dynamometer MD03 was used to examine the extent of engagement of in-dividual breathing regions. Breathing functions, or more specifically, the forced vital capacity (FVC) and one-second vital capacity (FEV1), were measured by means of Spirometer Ot-thon, and the evaluation was conducted using program ThorSoft. The intervention included 6 probands at the age of 21.3 ± 0.8 who exercise regularly. The probands underwent initial and final tests. The data obtained were evaluated and substantial significance was deter-mined using Cohen’s d, and the Student’s paired t test for dependent selection. Significance value was determined at significance value α = 0.05. Data were processed in programs Mi-crosoft Excel 2016 and Statistica 12. Results: The tested set of probands showed a substantially significant change of value FVC (Cohen’s d = −0.13, i.e. a small effect). This change was also statistically significant. As regards value FEV , a substantially significant change incurred (Cohen’s d = −0.23, i.e. a small effect). Likewise, this change was statistically significant. The analysis of breathing movements of the observed group of probands revealed improvement especially in the lower thoracic region (abdominal) following the completion of the intervention program. In resting breathing, a substantially significant (Cohen’s d = 2.83, a large effect) as well as statistically significant change was effectuated in this region. In the middle thoracic region, a substantial-ly significant change (Cohen’s d = 0.01, i.e. a small effect) incurred; however, there was no statistical change. No substantially or statistically significant changes were obtained for the upper thoracic (subclavian) region. Conclusion: Our results imply that the aforementioned intervention applied in healthy individ-uals who exercise regularly hasn’t had a positive influence on breathing functions. Though there was a small improvement in the breathing stereotype, the optimum engagement of the abdominal breathing region within the breathing wave as described in specialized literature was not accomplished.
Vitamin D status among youth soccer players; association with chronological age, maturity status, jumping and sprinting performance
Authors: Peric Ivan , Gilic Barbara , Blazevic Mateo
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Vitamin D is known to have a significant role in numerous body-system processes. Specifically, it has an impact on muscle functioning and, therefore sports performance. Chil-dren and adolescents have increased need for vitamin D because of its importance in growth and development, and it is evident that they are more susceptible to have vitamin D deficien-cy. Consequently, vitamin D status is particularly important issue in youth competitive sport. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insuficiency (measured as 25(OH)D concentration), and the possible associations between vitamin D, with age, maturity status, sprinting- and jumping-performance among youth soccer players. Methods: The sample of participants in this research comprised 62 youth soccer players (age: 15.7 ± 2.2 years). They were divided into two categories according to 25(OH)D levels measured at the end of the winter season: group with inadequate levels of 25(OH)D (vitamin D deficiency/insuficiency [ 75 nmol/L]). Biological maturity status (maturity offset) was calculated from participants age and height by the following equation: Maturity offset = −7.999994 + (0.0036124 × (age(yrs.) × height(cm)). Performance variables were 10 meters sprint test (S10m) and countermovement jump test (CMJ). Results: Results showed relatively good 25(OH)D concentrations (78.32 ± 23.39 nmol/L), with prevalence of deficiency ( < 50 nmol/L) in 8.06%, and insuficiency (50–75 nmol/L) in 46.77% athletes. Significant correlations were evidenced between the CMJ and 25(OH)D level (R = 0.27, p < 0.05), but chronological age was also correlated with CMJ (R = 0.64, p < 0.05). Further, higher chronological age was found in participants with suficient vitamin D levels (15.1 ± 2.4 vs. 16.4 ± 1.6 years; t-test = 2.43, p < 0.05). However, no significant as-sociation was evidenced between vitamin D and maturity status. Conclusion: Vitamin D groups significantly differed by chronological age but not by maturity status, which collectively with correlation between CMJ and vitamin D status indicates that both vitamin D status and performance in youth soccer players is actually influenced by chronological age. Meanwhile, biological age doesn’t have a significant physiological influ-ence on vitamin D concentration, while some external factors (i.e. time spent outdoors, pa-rental control, sunscreen usage), should be considered important.
The Impact Of Core Exercise And Myofascial Release In The Initial Part Of Training On The Performance And Prevention Of Injuries In Footbal Players
Authors: Beňuš Patrik , Líška David , Gurín Daniel , Pupiš Martin , Pupišová Zuzana
Published: October 2020

Introduction: One of the basic processes to improve stability and prevent injuries in sport is warming up. The aim of our work is to verify the impact of the first part of the training unit (warm-up) on the stability and performance of the footballer. Probands: The research work was carried out on 37 football players in the category U-19 and U-17 in the football club – JUPIE football school of Marek Hamšík. Probands were divided into two groups. The test group consisted of 19 U-19 football players (age average 17.2 ± 0.87), the control group consisted of 18 U-17 football players (age average 15 ± 0.5). Methods: Both groups underwent input measurement consisting of Y balance test and per-formance tests – slalom with ball, run 5 × 10m. Subsequently, the test group footballers un-derwent our intervention, myofascial release + core training, which was added to the opening part of the training unit. The study lasted 4 weeks. Results: Probands of both groups achieved a statistically significant improvement in the y bal-ance test. When comparing the performance tests, they achieved significant improvement in the test group – run 5 × 10m (p = 0.0024) and slalom with the ball (p = 0.0159) and in the control group – run 5 × 10m (p = 0.0182). The improvement in slalom with the ball test in the control group was not statistically significant (p = 0.1798). Conclusion: We have shown a significant effect of core exercises and myofascial release at the beginning of the training unit. However, the benefit was also achieved in the control group, except for the test - slalom with the ball.
Match running performance in relation to a playing position in Croatian Football League
Authors: Modrić Toni , Veršić Šime , Foretić Nikola
Published: October 2020

Global popularity of football (soccer) has led to implementation of scientific and technolog-ical knowledge in its everyday use. One of such things that has been expanding in recent years is the application of various technologies for monitoring running performance during trainings and matches. The aim of this study was to evaluate match running performance of professional football/soccer players during oficial matches by using global positioning sys-tem (GPS) technology, and to compare it among playing positions. One hundred and one match performance of “Hajduk” team in 14 matches of Croatian Football League season 2018/2019 were used for this study. The activities of the players were monitored using GPS technology (Catapult S5 and X4 devices, Melbourne, Australia) with a sampling frequency of 10 Hz. Total distance covered, distance in different speed cat-egories, total and high intensity accelerations and decelerations were analyzed for players in five different playing positions: central defenders (n=26), full-backs (n=24), midfielders (n=33), wingers (n=10), and forwards (n=8). Additionally, running performances were cor-related with InStat index, regular performance indicator which is calculated on the basis of unique set of key parameters for each position (12 to 14 factors). Average total distance covered during match was 10.3 km, with midfielders covering larg-est (11.1 km) and central backs covering smallest average distance (9.3 km). Playing po-sitions differed significantly in high intensity running (F-test = 21.97 and 18.84, p 25 km/h, respectively). The side positions (wingers and full-backs) covered highest-, while central defenders covered lowest-average distance (914, 775, and 376 m, respectively). The wingers had highest number of high intensity accelerations and decelerations (> 3 m/s2; F-test = 16.56 and 17.98, p 0.5 m/s2; F-test = 6.57, and 15.26, p < 0.01, respectively). InStat index was not correlated with data ob-tained by GPS measurement. Results from this study indicate that running demands differ depending on playing positions so these findings should be applied in creating training plan and program. Future studies should evaluate data from multiple teams for getting more applicable findings.
Monitoring Heart Rate Variability As A Biomarker Of Fatigue In Young Athletes
Authors: Bernaciková Martina , Mazúr Jakub , Sebera Martin , Hedbávný Petr
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Many high performance and especially top athletes are still at risk or suffer from total fatigue. Therefore, sports science seeks to develop an objective, sensitive and reliable method of early diagnosis of this fatigue (e.g. heart rate variability – HRV as a modern ob-jective method). The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the HRV monitoring could be a complementary diagnostic tool for overreaching / overtraining in young athletes. Already introduced “classical” indicators of HRV, such as spectral performance and its density in the established frequency ranges, are a part of athlete monitoring in the scope of overreaching prevention We were monitoring the heart rate variability parameters at three different phases of the year-long training cycle and to find out whether in one of these phases we could find athletes showing symptoms of overreaching. Methods: 48 young athletes (33 boys 14.8 ± 1.5 years, 15 girls 14.9 ± 1.7 years) were involved in the study, consisting of 38 boys and 10 girls. There were 15 swimmers (with training volume 9x 1.5‒2 hours a week), 12 artistic gymnasts (with training volume 9x 2‒2.5 hours a week) and 21 badminton players (with training volume 4x weekly 1.5‒2 hours a week). Monitoring was carried out in athletes in three training periods: at the end of the transition period, at the end of the prepared period, at the end of the competition period. Measurements were carried out in the morning. The DiANS PF8 system was used to measure the heart rate variability, the measurements were performed at five-minute intervals: lying-standing-lying. Time and spectral parameters of HRV were monitored. Results: Results of HRV in three periods (HR + rMSSD in lying). Boys: HR (61 ± 8, 64 ± 7, 64 ± 8), rMSSD (85 ± 64; 80 ± 54; 88 ± 59), TS (-0.56 ± 1.53; -0.87 ± 1.4; -0.42 ± 1.44). Girls: HR (65 ± 8; 64 ± 7; 65 ± 8), rMSSD (74 ± 37; 79 ± 35; 83 ± 43), TS (-0.58 ± 1.57; -0.72 ± 1.35); -0.18 ± 0.18). Statistically significant differences (at the significance level = 0.05) among sports were found in Kruskal-Walls ANOVAby Ranks: boys in LF-standing, HF standing, FV, SVB and TS; girls in HF-lying, HF-standing, rMSSD, TP-lying, TP-standing, FV, VA and TS. Conclusion: Monitoring of heart rate variability seems to be a practical tool for prevention of overtraining even in young age. To monitor heart rate variability, we recommend monitoring these parameters: RR, rMSSD, VA, SVB, TS.
Effectiveness of manual yumeiho therapy and exercise on depression and neuropathic pain in patients suffering from chronic nonspecific low back pain
Authors: Gladović Neven , Leško Luka , Fudurić Martina
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Chronic low back pain is the leading cause of disability, which reduces quality of life and increases the healthcare costs. Psychosocial factors (depression, kinesiophobia and somatization) may also have an important role in the appearance and duration of chronic nonspecific low back pain. Depression may predispose low back pain, while the chronicity of pain affects the degree of disability, which is also related to mental health. Many studies suggest the association between depression and low back pain by explaining a significant physiological link. Different types of manual therapy are used in the treatment of chronic low back pain, but recent studies suggest that a rehabilitation models which combine manual therapy and exercise, provide better results compared to individual (separate) applications. The aim of this research was to examine the effects of the rehabilitation program, which in-cludes manual yumeiho therapy and exercise, on depression in people suffering from chronic nonspecific low back pain. Methods: The study included 21 participants, aged 40 to 60 (M=51.1, SD=5.9) who suffer from chronic nonspecific low back pain. The study included the initial and final depression test and the initial and final neuropathic pain test. Between the initial and the final testing, a three-week therapeutic procedure of yumeiho manual therapy and exercise was performed (15 treatments). Repeated estimates of depression and neuropathic pain were tested 30 and 60 days after the implementation of the rehabilitation protocol. Results: Statistically significant improvements were noted between the initial and the final test in both observed variables. Significant improvements (lower depression and neuropathic pain) have also been noted 30 and 60 days after the implementation of the rehabilitation pro-tocol (in relation to the initial state). Conclusion: The findings indicate that the rehabilitation protocol, involving manual yumeiho therapy and exercise, is an effective method for treating depression and neuropathic pain in people suffering from chronic nonspecific low back pain. Considering the lack of research on the effects of manual therapy by yumeiho technique, the results contribute to a better under-standing of technique which, although used in practice, has not been suficiently explored. Further research is required, on comparing this rehabilitation model to other methods, as well as longer follow-up in the post-rehabilitation period.
Physical Fitness Of Army Forces Of The Czech Republic
Authors: Bugala Martin
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The activities of security forces and armed forces depend on two parameters: psychological level and physical fitness. These two components are the main parts of the selection procedure. Physical fitness is a topic to be discussed, especially in regard to security forces or armed forces (Bonneau, Brown 1995; Sörensen et al. 2000). Physical preparation fundamentally affects the performance of a policeman or a soldier and it is associated with stress management and service interventions or combat tasks (Gershon et al. 2008; Darryl 2000). This research is focused on physical fitness of the army forces. Further this research is important not only because it should result in expanding the portfolio and knowledge enriching study fields, such as the Special education of Security Bodies (SESB) and Applied Sport Education of Security Bodies (ASEBS) at the Faculty of Sports Studies of Masaryk University, but it also aspires to be of great contribution for security forces or armed forces themselves (Bugala, Reguli, Čihounková 2015; Reguli, Bugala, Vít 2016). Aim: The aim of the study is to find out the physical fitness level of the Army forces of the Czech Republic. Methodology: Research design as descriptive and quantitative. The data of the physical fitness test was collected from the individual Army forces of the Czech Republic in the last 4 years (2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018). The quantitative data were analysed on the basis of the statistical methods. After executing the basic statistical and normality tests, we focused on ANOVA. The total number of respondents was in 776. The ratio between genders was 698:78. Results: After comparing physical fitness tests with Sit UP, Press Up, Pull Up, Stay in Pull Up, Cooper Test, and Swimming 300m over the past four years, there was no significant change in physical fitness. All disciplines had almost the same value except for the exer-cise with the name Stay in Pull Up. This exercise is for women. Fifteen women were tested in 2015, twenty-five women were tested in 2016, twenty-eight women were tested in 2017 and only ten women were tested in 2018. The small number of women, who tested is caused by the fact, that women are not as common in Army as men. Conclusion: We can say that the emphasis on the physical performance in Security and Army forces is still up to date. We did not notice any significant differences between the years 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 tested. Thanks to this finding, we can state that there is a continuous maintenance of physical fitness in the Czech Republic’s army.
Training System Hast For The Development Of Strength Abilities In Armwrestling
Authors: Harčarik Gabriel
Published: October 2020

In the opening the author describes the current situation in an armwrestling training. Based on the experiences and the study of literature he states that in practice there is almost no systematic guided training with a sparingpartner at a table. He perceives this as a problem. In the results he presents his own program HAST where he describes the individual training parametres. They are important for a quality training program with a sparingpartner at the armwrestling table. He points out the mistakes often made at the armwrestling training and he proposes suitable solutions within the scientifically based informations used in strength training. In the discussion he describes in detail the key parts of HAST and the experiences from the realization of this program with his trainees. In the end he states that the similar pro-gram should be a part of the preparation of armwrestlers and at the same time he adds that the scientific attesting is needed.
The Effect Of Kinesio Taping On The Result In The Standing Long Jump
Authors: Kaplan Aleš , Hnátová Iva , Peca Miloš
Published: October 2020

This paper draws attention to a short-term experiment that aims to elucidate the effect of kinesio taping of the musculus triceps surae on performance in the standing long jump. We therefore dealt with an area that has not yet been suficiently explored. For this reason, our aim was to determine and evaluate the effect of the application of kinesio taping on muscle strength in the standing long jump and to make a comparison with the results without the use of kinesio taping. The musculus triceps surae was selected for testing. Thus, we assume that the application of facilitation kinesio taping to the musculus triceps surae will influence the probands’ performance in the standing long jump. The experiment was performed with a group of n=20 young probands, athletes aged 16.25 (± 0.76), without prior injury. In this context, we realise that we cannot generalise the results to cover the entire population, es-pecially to injured individuals or after an accident.
The Effect Of Isometric Hip Adductors Force On Change Of Direction Speed of Professional Ice-Hockey Players
Authors: Švantner Roman , Brűnn David , Pupiš Martin , Líška Dávid , Sýkora Jozef
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Ice-hockey is a sport that requires high acceleration of players for optimal performance. The speedof sports players is influenced by several factors. The aim of research was to determine the effect of the isometric muscle strength of hip adductors on speed with directional changes in ice-hockey players. Methods: The sample consisted of 15 members of the Slovakian national ice-hockey team, the average age was 27 years, the average height was 186.46 cm (SD ± 5.04), the average body weight was 90.87 kg (SD ± 5.91). Players completed a GroinBar Test of 60° to determine the isometric force of the hip adductors. We used the 5-10-5 test to determine the speed with directional changes. The 5-10-5 shuttle consists of rapid directional changes in a linear plane. It is commonly used as an assessment in different sports. The 5-10-5 Shuttle Drill, also known as the Pro Agility Drill, is a great tool for working on your agility and short-distance explosiveness. Results: In the research sample consisted of professional hockey players was measured a low degree of correlation (r = 0.006) between isometric muscle strength of the hip adductors and the speed with the directional changes in the 5-10-5 test. The average ice-hockey player’s adductors strength was 476.83 N (SD ± 88.50) and the average time achieved in the 5-10-5 test was 4.984 s (SD ± 0.15). We also found low degree of correlation between right adductor force and right side of 5-10-5 test (r = 0.047) as well as left adductor force and left side of 5–10-5 test (r = 0.067). Conclusion: Research shows a very low degree of correlation in ice-hockey players between the hip adductor strength in the GroinBar Test 60° and the speed with the directional changes in the 5-10-5 test.
The evolution of US political priorities in the Baltic sea region in the 2010s
Authors: Smirnov P. E.
Published: October 2020

The fundamental geopolitical changes in the Baltic Sea region after the end of the Cold War caused the United States to revise its priorities in that part of the world. The process became especially apparent in the second decade of the 21st century when the Ukraine crisis brought to light the consequences of NATO and EU enlargement to the former Warsaw Treaty allies and the Baltic States. This article shows how the US, motivated by the need to ‘contain’ Russia, was developing its overall approaches to ensuring its political leadership in the Baltic region. It demonstrates how Washington is planning to reduce the vulnerability of certain nations of the region to Russia’s military and non-military influence and what steps the US and its NATO allies have taken in this direction. It is argued that, although the Western military buildup in the Baltic Sea region and the US attempts to neutralise Russian ‘hybrid’ instruments are unable to increase substantially the defence capabilities of NATO allies in the Baltic, the security dynamics in the region are likely to turn it into an arena for a struggle between Russia and the West. Russia will benefit from seeing the Baltic region nations not as tools in the Russian-US confrontation, but as partners in regional cooperation aware of their own interests.
Multidimensional poverty in the Baltic States in the EU context: theoretical and practical aspects
Authors: Voronov V.V. , Ruza O.P. , Stasane J.
Published: October 2020

There are several approaches to assessing poverty, namely, the absolute, relative, and subjective ones. They are widely used in studying income dynamics and differentiation at a national level. Yet a new research approach to the study and assessment of ‘multidimensional’ poverty is gaining popularity in developed states. Central to it is the notion of ‘risk of poverty and/or social exclusion’ (AROPE). This approach measures both income level and such non-monetary component as access to social services. Despite the versatility and severity of multidimensional poverty in some European countries, this phenomenon has not been sufficiently explored in socio-economic studies carried out in the Baltic countries of the EU — Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. This article aims to identify the characteristics of multidimensional poverty in the Baltic countries and the EU. Its objective is to examine the spread of multidimensional poverty in the Baltic countries and compare it to the situation on a European scale. The work uses Eurostat data. Various indicators suggest that the risk of multidimensional poverty in the Baltic States is above the EU average.
Transnational tourist destination management: a case study of the Baltic sea region
Authors: Studzieniecki T. , Jakubowski A. , Meyer B.
Published: October 2020

The issue of tourist destination management has been widely reflected in scientific literature. However, transnational destinations, i.e. those that are located on the territory of several countries, have not been given enough attention. The development of transnational destinations can occur provided there is close cooperation among key stakeholders. In the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) conditions for effective cooperation were created at the end of the 20th century when integration processes intensified. Currently, the BSR is the first macro-region of the European Union to implement a transnational strategy, in which tourism is recognised as a development priority. Creating an effective tourist destination management system has become a key challenge in this process. This article aims to identify and critically analyse the concept of transnational tourist destination management. Another goal is to identify the changing determinants of tourism management in the BSR and to explore relations between key stakeholders. To this end, we conducted a review of literature on destination management. We carried out a critical analysis of secondary sources (documents, information materials, the Internet resources) and supplemented the review with our insights from participatory observation. We also obtained additional information from interviews. Three models of destination management were identified: marketing-oriented, planning-oriented, and governance-oriented. Our research shows that the evolution of destination management is characterised by a gradual increase in the participation of public entities. This is related to the marginalisation of the tourism industry, which resulted in a systematic decrease in state funding for maintaining destination management structures. Acquiring the European Union funds from the European Territorial Cooperation Programs has become a partial but not entirely effective solution to this problem.
Preconceituoso, graças a Deus!:
Authors: Baffi Diego
Published: October 2020

Este ensaio baseia-se em escritores clássicos e contemporâneos para apresentar as bases históricas e conceituais da escrita ensaística. Concomitantemente, trata da experiência do autor na construção site specific da intervenção urbana em arte Aguarda-te Escuridão (concebida e apresentada em setembro de 2018 em Lomé, Togo). Deste modo, o texto apresenta e defende a pertinência tanto do uso do formato do ensaio literário para a escrita derivada da pesquisa acadêmica que discuta a prática em arte quanto do que define como uma “metodologia ensaística” de produção de obras e conhecimento em arte.
Cartas entre artistas pesquisadoras professoras
Authors: Villegas Estela Vale , Saber de Mello Ines , Liconti Juliana Lima , Purper Raquel
Published: October 2020

Uma conversa, um compartilhar experiências. Este texto é um conjunto de três cartas entre pesquisadoras-artistas-professoras. Estela escreveu a primeira delas relatando sua experiência como professora-artista em busca de pedagogias da performance. O formato de sua carta suscitou o desejo de diálogo entre outras mulheres cuja experiência era semelhante. Sendo assim, Ines, Juliana e Raquel dispuseram-se a respondê-la falando sobre suas metodologias e refletindo sobre os desafios que enfrentam nas salas de aula da escola, da universidade e do instituto federal. Além de serem pesquisadoras-artistas-professoras, entrelaçam-se os interesses no campo da performance e da dança seja pensando na cena, no ensino-aprendizagem ou nas possibilidades de escrita acadêmica.
Imagem é aquilo que contrai e dilata
Authors: Dalbem Lucas Martins , De Lima Fátima Costa
Published: October 2020

Este ensaio é um exercício reflexivo sobre a desierarquização das funções teatrais, o olhar e a imagem. O texto tem como disparador o relato de um acidente que ocorreu com o próprio autor, organizado em pequenas teses numa linha temporal cronológica. A partir dele se destrincham discussões críticas acerca da metodologia do olhar racional na história da arte, na organização das funções teatrais e na construção e produção de imagens. Este ensaio é sobre colocar duas coisas que não podem estar juntas no mesmo espaço-tempo, contrair e dilatar.
Predição do escoamento superficial e consequentes alagamentos em centros urbanos
Authors: Holanda Marco Aurélio Calixto Ribeiro de , Soares Willames de Albuquerque , Oliveira Diogo Botelho Correa de
Published: October 2020

Os alagamentos são um problema em vários centros urbanos decorrentes da descaracterização natural do solo e do aumentando do escoamento superficial. A caracterização hidrodinâmica dos solos pode ser realizada por ensaios de campo ou laboratoriais visando a predição destes alagamentos. Sendo assim, objetivou-se estimar o escoamento superficial de água no solo por meio de simulações utilizando o Hydrus-1D, para explicar os alagamentos que ocorrem numa área urbana. Para obtenção dos parâmetros hidrodinâmicos seguiu-se a metodologia do Beerkan of Estimation Soil Transfer (BEST) realizada em laboratório com colunas de acrílico e dois solos distintos, enquanto que as simulações do escoamento superficial foram feitas com Hydrus-1D. Por meio das curvas de infiltração verificou-se que o solo menos arenoso possui uma capacidade de infiltração menor. A primeira simulação mostrou que o escoamento superficial cumulativo foi de 355,67 mm dia-1 enquanto que na segunda simulação o escoamento superficial acumulado foi de 362,03 mm dia-1. A realização dos ensaios de infiltração apenas na superfície do perfil do solo podem acarretar em resultados imprecisos, uma vez que a discrepância entre os valores simulados do escoamento superficial chegam a 105,14%. Deste modo, para uma estimativa de escoamento superficial mais precisa são necessários sucessivos ensaios de infiltração em diferentes profundidades.
Preparation and characterization of natural and synthetic humic acids by thermogravimetry analysis
Authors: Consolin Filho Nelson , Consolin Marcilene Ferrari Barriquello , Valderrama Patrícia , Corradini Elisângela , Muniz Edvani Curti
Published: October 2020

In this study, a polymer with characteristics analogous to that of the humic acid was obtained through oxidative polymerization in alkaline medium using para-benzoquinone as precursor, and compared to natural humic acid (HA) extracted from a soil. Complexes of as-prepared synthetic humic acid (SHA) with the Cu2+, Fe3+ and Mn2+ ions were also prepared. Elemental analysis and thermogravimetry were used for comparing the SHA characteristics with those of HA and for evaluating the effect of the metal-type for complexing with SH and SHA. Element analysis showed that SHA presented almost the same atomic constitution of HA, except for or sulfur and nitrogen contents, fact that is expected due to the precursor compounds. TGA curves of HA and SHA are quite similar in spite the thermogravimetic index (TGI) indicates higher aromatic portion in SHA. SHA-metallic ions (SHA-Cu2+, SHA-Fe3+ and SHA-Mn2+) complexes presented different thermal stability as compared among them and with the precursor SHA. The data indicate that the complexation is dependent of metallic ion-type and provokes different rearrangements in the SHA matrix.
Desempenho de um fertilizante mineral misto produzido a partir de fosfato natural sedimentar
Authors: Dias Ricardo de Castro , Caldas João Victor dos Santos , Polidoro José Carlos , Zonta Everaldo , Mattos Bianca Braz , Gonçalves Rafael Gomes da Mota , Teixeira Paulo César
Published: October 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência agronômica de um fertilizante mineral misto produzido com fosfato natural sedimentar adicionado de calcário e borra de enxofre, comparado com o fertilizante superfosfato simples. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação sendo realizados três cultivos sucessivos na seguinte sequência: milho, feijão, milho. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos plásticos contendo 3 kg de solo classificado como Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial, sendo dois fertilizantes fosfatados (superfosfato simples - SSP e fertilizante mineral misto - MMF), quatro doses de P2O5 (25, 50, 100 e 150 mg de P2O5 dm-3), duas condições (solo incubado com calcário e não incubado) além de dois controles, sem aplicação de P. Foram avaliados a produção de massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), o acúmulo de fósforo da parte aérea (APPA) e a concentração de fósforo disponível no solo após cada cultivo. Os resultados mostraram que o SSP foi mais eficiente que MMF na produção de massa seca e no acúmulo de P. As maiores respostas da MSPA e do APPA em relação ao aumento da dose do MMF foram observadas em LVA não incubado com calcário. O fertilizante mineral misto proporcionou maiores valores de P disponível no solo após os três cultivos em comparação ao SSP.
Técnicas de interpolação geoespacial na estimativa do volume de Eucalyptus spp. na mesorregião sudeste paraense
Authors: Cunha Neto Ernandes Macedo da , Rocha Jonas Elias Castro da , Bezerra Jade Cristynne Franco , Melo Marcio Roberto da Silva , Alves Gustavo Antonio Ruffeil
Published: October 2020

O setor florestal brasileiro está em crescimento, consequentemente, aumenta a exigência sobre os silvicultores em relação à produtividade e gerenciamento da floresta, ocasionando a evolução do setor para a fronteira 4.0. Para tanto, há subsídio de ferramentas que proporcionem redução de custos e incremento da produtividade. Diante disso, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desempenho das análises geoestatísticas, sob diferentes semivariogramas, para modelar e mapear o volume de povoamentos de Eucalyptus spp. O estudo foi conduzido na Fazenda Piquiá, município de Paragominas, mesorregião Sudeste do Pará, onde foi realizado o inventário pré-corte em 35 talhões, com 694,40 ha. Foram alocadas e mensuradas 148 parcelas temporárias medindo 504 m². A volumetria (m³.ha-1) de cada parcela do talhão foi interpolada por Krigagem Ordinária, com base nos semivariogramas esférico, exponencial, gaussiano e pentaesférico. O semivariograma Pentaesférico obteve o maior valor do alcance. O efeito pepita variou entre 0 e 537,56, para os semivariogramas Exponencial e Gaussiano, respectivamente. A dependência espacial foi forte para Esférico e Pentaesférico. Todos os semivariogramas apresentaram R² > 0,90. A RQME variou entre 30,77 e 31,43 m³.ha-1. O modelo geoespacial subestimou o volume total da área em 2,27 %, gerando um erro amostral de 1,68 %. O mapa geoestatístico denota que a distribuição dos volumes no povoamento não é homogênea, de tal modo que o uso de valores médios, não caracterizam corretamente a variabilidade da área. O modelo geoespacial krigagem ordinária com semivariograma Pentaesférico foi o que melhor se ajustou, servindo de ferramenta auxiliar aos inventários florestais tradicionais.
Monitoramento da floresta a curto prazo em área de concessão florestal na Amazônia Ocidental
Authors: Fagundes Suelen Tainã Silva , Sccoti Marta Silvana Volpato , Lima Ariane Cristina Rebelo , Brito Junior João Fideles , Biazatti Scheila Cristina
Published: October 2020

A concessão florestal foi implementada com o objetivo de promover a conservação dos recursos naturais e ao mesmo tempo gerar o desenvolvimento socieconômico. O monitoramento da floresta após exploração é uma ferramenta importante para a tomada de decisões no manejo florestal. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da exploração na estrutura da floresta após exploração sob diferentes taxas de corte. O estudo foi realizado em uma unidade de manejo florestal, Flona do Jamari, RO, a primeira floresta em regime de concessão no Brasil. Foram monitoradas duas unidades de produção anual (UPA), com taxas de corte de 14,4 m³ha-1 e 11,64 m³ha-1. Amostrou-se todos os indivíduos arbóreos com DAP≥10 cm em parcelas permanentes de 0,5 ha aleatorizadas. As avaliações foram realizadas antes e após um ano do término das atividades de exploração. Realizou-se a análise da composição florística, estrutura fitossociológica, taxas de mortalidade, ingresso e crescimento. O Teste t foi usado para verificar diferenças estatísticas em cada ambiente. A área submetida à menor taxa de corte apresentou maior variação na sua composição e estrutura após exploração, devido a sua maior diversidade, densidade de árvores e presença de espécies raras, indicando um ambiente mais suscetível as alterações antrópicas.
Estrutura de uma comunidade arbórea adulta na Amazônia e o desafio de uso sustentável de espécies florestais comerciais
Authors: Pinheiro Klewton Adriano Oliveira , Carvalho João Olegário Pereira de , Schwartz Gustavo , Francez Luciana Maria de Barros , Quanz Beatriz , Carneiro Francimary da Silva
Published: October 2020

O Brasil tem a maior biodiversidade de fauna e flora do Planeta, com grande potencial e dificuldades para o manejo dos seus recursos naturais. Neste estudo, foi analisada a estrutura de 84 hectares de floresta natural, na Fazenda Rio Capim, pertencente à empresa florestal Cikel Brasil Verde Ltda. Foram registradas 1435 árvores com DAP ³ 45 cm, distribuídas em 65 espécies, 54 gêneros e 22 famílias. As espécies mais importantes foram: Eschweilera sp. com Índice Valor de Cobertura (IVC) de 32,62, seguida por Manilkara amazonica (IVC = 19,36).  A espécie Hymenaea courbaril, apresentou o maior volume (5,115 m3.ha-1). As espécies Manilkara huberi, Goupia glabra e Lecythis usitata também apresentaram expressivos IVC’s e volume. As espécies Brosimum parinarioides, Protium puncticulatum, Anadenanthera colubrina e Lecythis lurida completam a lista das mais importantes na área estudada. A maioria das espécies tem sua madeira comercializada no mercado doméstico, mas algumas atingem o mercado internacional. Outras espécies apresentam grande importância na produção de produtos não-madeireiros como, fitoterápicos, fibras e frutos. As recomendações aqui apresentadas podem ser aplicadas em outras florestas tropicais com estrutura semelhante à da floresta estudada neste trabalho.
Bagana de carnaúba como substrato na produção de mudas de açaí cultivar BRS-Pará
Authors: Sousa Marcos de Oliveira , Matos Raissa Rachel Salustriano da Silva , Cardoso João Pedro Santos , Cordeiro Kleber Veras , Barbosa Larissa Macelle de Paulo , Santos Janaiane Ferreira dos , Oliveira Analya Roberta Fernandes , Machado Francisca Gislene Albano , Costa Nayron Alves , Oliveira Milena Maria Tomaz de
Published: October 2020

O açaizeiro é uma palmeira com elevado potencial comercial e que apresenta propriedades químicas benéficas à saúde humana. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a produção de mudas de açaí cultivar BRS-Pará produzidas em substratos à base de bagana de carnaúba em diferentes proporções. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 6 tratamentos, 4 repetições. As formulações de substratos foram 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% e 100% de bagana de carnaúba acrescidos de solo. Avaliou-se: índice de velocidade de emergência, percentual de germinação (%), área foliar (cm2); altura da planta (cm); diâmetro do caule (mm); comprimento radicular (cm); volume radicular (cm3), massa seca da raiz e da parte aérea (g). Ao término constatou-se que a utilização de diferentes proporções de bagana de carnaúba afetou na produção de mudas de açaí ‘BRS-Pará’. Não apresentaram efeito significativo (p>0,05) para o índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE) e germinação (G%). Entretanto, houve efeitos sobre o enraizamento principalmente no comprimento radicular e seu volume. Através das análises observou-se efeito significativo (p< 0,01) pelo teste F, para área foliar, altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, comprimento radicular, volume radicular, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca sistema radicular e índice de qualidade de Dickson. A bagana de carnaúba pode ser utilizada como substrato para produção de mudas de açaí ‘BRS-Pará’ nas proporções de 40%, 60% e 80%. Entretanto, recomenda-se o uso de substrato de BC na proporção de 40% acrescido de solo, por apresentar uma menor quantidade do substrato.
Crescimento das mudas de açaí sob a aplicação de substância húmica
Authors: Oliveira Paula Sara Teixeira de , Pereira Ramón Yuri Ferreira , Morais Silvan Ferreira , Nunes Rafaela Leopoldina Silva , Santana Myllenna da Silva , Andrade Hosana Aguiar Freitas de , Cordeiro Kleber Veras , Pontes Samuel Ferreira , Rodrigues Brenda Ellen , Matos Raissa Rachel Salustriano da Silva
Published: October 2020

Os componentes das substâncias húmicas podem influenciar de forma direta e indireta o metabolismo das plantas quanto ao crescimento e desenvolvimento de muitas de espécies, como já revelado por estudos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento de mudas de açaí em função de diferentes concentrações de substância húmica. Foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos, dotados de quatro repetições compostas por quatro plantas cada. A fonte de substância húmica utilizada foi o fertilizante organomineral Humitec WG®. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de diferentes concentrações do produto: 0; 6,25; 12,5; 25; 50 g L-1. Houve efeito significativo (p<0,05) das concentrações de substância húmica (SH) na produção de mudas de açaizeiro apenas para massa fresca total (MFT) esta se ajustou ao modelo de regressão quadrático, apontando que concentrações a partir de 50 g L-1 favorecem um melhor desempenho desta variável. O uso de substância húmica, fornecida através do produto Humitec WG® mostra-se pouco eficaz na produção de mudas de açaizeiro. Entretanto, é necessária a realização de novas pesquisas com outras fontes e dosagens de SH que possam proporcionar melhor crescimento e desenvolvimento a parâmetros biométricos da espécie.
Análises fisiológicas e morfoanatômicas de cenostigma macrophyllum tul. (fabaceae) submetida a diferentes concentrações de glifosato
Authors: Santos Vanessa Ribeiro de Sousa , Crispim Filho Ailton José , Santana Marinna Maciel , Costa Alan Carlos , Silva Kellen Lagares Ferreira
Published: October 2020

Objetivou-se identificar os efeitos do glifosato em Cenostigma macrophyllum, a fim de indicar possíveis características bioindicadoras da presença do do herbicida em plantas. O estudo foi realizado em casa de vegetação. O experimento consistiu em 7 tratamentos, com 4 repetição cada, incluindo 6 diferentes doses do herbicida: 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800g i.a. ha-1 e o controle. As avaliações foram realizadas no folíolo da extremidade da folha da região mediana de cada planta. Foram determinados os valores de fotossíntese (A), trocas gasosas (E), transpiração (gs) e relação entre a concentração interna (Ci) e externa (Ca) de CO2 (Ci/Ca). A mesma área foi utilizada para avaliação de fluorescência da clorofila a. Foi determinada a fluorescência inicial (F0), fluorescência máxima (Fm), rendimento quântico potencial (Fv/Fm), rendimento quântico efetivo (ΔF/Fm’), dissipação não fotoquímica (NPQ) e taxa aparente de transporte de elétrons (ETR). As folhas avaliadas foram coletadas para avaliação da concentração de pigmentos cloroplastídicos, avaliação da permeabilidade de membranas e análises morfoanatômicas. Houve redução nos valores de A, gs e E e aumento de Ci/Ca, indicando acúmulo de CO2 na cavidade subestomática. O glifosato não provocou danos significativos nos parâmetros de fluorescência da clorofila a, na degradação da membrana, bem como no conteúdo de pigmentos cloroplastídicos. Análises anatômicas indicaram alterações na intensidade de emissão de autofluorescência da clorofila a. Houve redução na espessura da epiderme adaxial, nos parênquimas paliçádico e esponjoso e redução na epiderme abaxial, diferindo significativamente do controle já na primeira dose observada. Os folíolos apresentaram clorose e necrose, além do brotamento de folhas retorcidas na maior dose. A redução de gs e consequente redução de E e A, podem indicar ação do herbicida nas células guarda, provocando o fechamento dos estômatos, no entanto o aumento na relação Ci/Ca indicam que esses danos não ocorreram somente nos estômatos, provavelmente houve uma diminuição da difusão de CO2 no mesofilo ou até mesmo danos ou diminuição da quantidade da enzima Rubisco, responsável pela fixação do CO2 no Ciclo de Calvin. A redução dos tecidos foliares pode ter contribuído com a deficiência de difusão de CO2 no mesofilo. As respostas morfoanatômicas evidenciaram danos à clorofila, podendo ser utilizado como um alerta inicial de possíveis danos futuros. Os parâmetros avaliados em que foi possível perceber o efeito do herbicida, indicados em caso de biomonitoramento com a espécie estudada, foram: trocas gasosas, emissão de autofluorescência da clorofila e análises morfoanatômicas.
Abundância e riqueza de espécies de euglossini (hymenoptera: apidae) em diferentes fragmentos no município de Mojuí dos Campos, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Batista Debro Acácio Jonatien , Santos Fagner Araújo , Rodrigues Gleicy Assunção , Furtado Francisco Assis Moraes , Souza Adriano Paz , Silva Karina Dias , Oliveira Junior José Max Barbosa
Published: October 2020

As abelhas da tribo Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) são extremamente importantes na polinização das florestas neotropicais e por serem sensíveis a mudanças em seu habitat, são consideradas excelentes bioindicadores de qualidade ambiental. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo objetivou (i) comparar a riqueza de espécies e abundância de indivíduos de Euglossini entre fragmento de floresta, pastagem e plantação de soja; (ii) identificar a preferência pelas iscas odoríferas; e (iii) avaliar o efeito de borda sobre a riqueza de espécies e abundância de indivíduos. O estudo foi realizado no município de Mojuí dos Campos, Pará, Brasil, em três áreas: fragmento de floresta, pastagem e plantação de soja. Utilizou-se seis iscas odoríferas para atrair os machos: eugenol, eucaliptol, vanilina, benzoato de benzila, cinamato de metila e geraniol. Foram coletados 1668 indivíduos distribuídos em quatro gêneros e 11 espécies. Existe diferença significativa na abundância de Euglossini entre os ambientes (F(2,24) = 4,1007; p = 0,029), a maior abundância ocorreu na área de pastagem (866-52%). Houve diferença significativa tanto na abundância (F(5, 156) = 15,811; p < 0,001) quanto na riqueza de espécies (F(5, 156) = 70,039; p < 0,001) de Euglossini entre as iscas. Vanilina mostrou-se a isca mais atrativa e geraniol a menos atrativa. Não há diferença significativa na abundância (F(2, 24) = 1,8505; p = 0,178) e riqueza de espécies de Euglossini (F(2, 24) = 0,299; p = 0,744) entre os transectos borda, intermediário e centro, o que pode estar relacionado com a proximidade entre as áreas e a capacidade das abelhas de voar longas distâncias. Outro fator que pode influenciar nesse resultado, é a capacidade de dispersão dessas abelhas, que possibilita a exploraração localidades próximas. Fatores climáticos, diferença na volatilidade das substâncias, faixa etária das populações, pureza e composição isométricas das substâncias e ofertas de fontes naturais podem ter influenciado nesse resultado. Apesar dos resultados mostrarem um alto grau de degradação na área estudada, é necessário a realização de mais estudos, que levem em conta o tamanho dos fragmentos e o número de Eulaema nigrita em relação a outras espécies para que se possa obter dados mais precisos sobre os impactos dos diferentes usos da terra na diversidade das abelhas Euglossini.