bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Reassessed Potential of SARS-CoV-2 Attenuation for COVID-19 Vaccine Development—A Systematic Review
Authors: Goławski Marcin , Lewandowski Piotr , Jabłońska Iwona , Delijewski Marcin
Published: May 2022

Live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines received relatively little attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, several methods of obtaining attenuated coronaviruses are known. In this systematic review, the strategies of coronavirus attenuation, which may potentially be applied to SARS-CoV-2, were identified. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase databases were searched to identify relevant articles describing attenuating mutations tested in vivo. In case of coronaviruses other than SARS-CoV-2, sequence alignment was used to exclude attenuating mutations that cannot be applied to SARS-CoV-2. Potential immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of the attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were discussed based on animal studies data. A total of 27 attenuation strategies, used to create 101 different coronaviruses, have been described in 56 eligible articles. The disruption of the furin cleavage site in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was identified as the most promising strategy. The replacement of core sequences of transcriptional regulatory signals, which prevents recombination with wild-type viruses, also appears particularly advantageous. Other important attenuating mutations encompassed mostly the prevention of evasion of innate immunity. Sufficiently attenuated coronaviruses typically caused no meaningful disease in susceptible animals and protected them from challenges with virulent virus. This indicates that attenuated COVID-19 vaccines may be considered as a potential strategy to fight the threat posed by SARS-CoV-2.
Two Novel Iflaviruses Discovered in Bat Samples in Washington State
Authors: Juergens Kate B. , Huckabee John , Greninger Alexander L.
Published: May 2022

Arthropods are integral to ecosystem equilibrium, serving as both a food source for insectivores and supporting plant reproduction. Members of the Iflaviridae family in the order Picornavirales are frequently found in RNA sequenced from arthropods, who serve as their hosts. Here we implement a metagenomic deep sequencing approach followed by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) on viral RNA isolated from wild and captured bat guano in Washington State at two separate time points. From these samples we report the complete genomes of two novel viruses in the family Iflaviridae. The first virus, which we call King virus, is 46% identical by nucleotide to the lethal honeybee virus, deformed wing virus, while the second virus which we call Rolda virus, shares 39% nucleotide identity to deformed wing virus. King and Rolda virus genomes are 10,183 and 8934 nucleotides in length, respectively. Given these iflaviruses were detected in guano from captive bats whose sole food source was the Tenebrio spp. mealworm, we anticipate this invertebrate may be a likely host. Using the NCBI Sequence Read Archive, we found that these two viruses are located in six continents and have been isolated from a variety of arthropod and mammalian specimens.
Identifying the Target Population for Primary Respiratory Syncytial Virus Two-Step Prevention in Infants: Normative Outcome of Hospitalisation Assessment for Newborns (NOHAN)
Authors: Jourdain Marine , Benchaib Mehdi , Ploin Dominique , Gillet Yves , Javouhey Etienne , Horvat Come , Massoud Mona , Butin Marine , Claris Olivier , Lina Bruno , Casalegno Jean-Sebastien ,   on behalf of the VRS study group in Lyon
Published: May 2022

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute respiratory infection- related hospitalisations in infants (RSVh). Most of these infants are younger than 6 months old with no known risk factors. An efficient RSVh prevention program should address both mothers and infants, relying on Non-Pharmaceutical (NPI) and Pharmaceutical Interventions (PI). This study aimed at identifying the target population for these two interventions. Methods: Laboratory-confirmed RSV-infected infants hospitalised during the first 6 months of life were enrolled from the Hospices Civils de Lyon birth cohort (2014 to 2018). Clinical variables related to pregnancy and birth (sex, month of birth, birth weight, gestational age, parity) were used for descriptive epidemiology, multivariate logistic regression, and predictive score development. Results: Overall, 616 cases of RSVh in 45,648 infants were identified. Being born before the epidemic season, prematurity, and multiparity were independent predictors of RSVh. Infants born in January or June to August with prematurity and multiparity, and those born in September or December with only one other risk factor (prematurity or multiparity) were identified as moderate-risk, identifying the mothers as candidates for a first-level NPI prevention program. Infants born in September or December with prematurity and multiparity, and those born in October or November were identified as high-risk, identifying the mothers and infants as candidates for a second-level (NPI and PI) intervention. Conclusions: It is possible to determine predictors of RSVh at birth, allowing early enrollment of the target population in a two-level RSV prevention intervention.
Governmental Incentives, Satisfaction with Health Promotional Materials, and COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Hong Kong: A Random Telephone Survey
Authors: Wang Zixin , Fang Yuan , Yu Fuk-yuen , Chan Paul Shing-fong , Chen Siyu
Published: May 2022

COVID-19 vaccination is proven to be effective and safe for older adults. This study investigated the impacts of incentives and health promotional materials provided by the government on the completion of the primary COVID-19 vaccination series among older adults in Hong Kong. Participants were Chinese-speaking community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years. Telephone numbers were randomly selected from up-to-date Hong Kong telephone directories. A total of 440 participants completed the telephone interview. Logistic regression models were fitted. Among the participants, 58.4% had completed the primary COVID-19 vaccination series. Most participants believed that incentives provided by the government had almost no impact on increasing their motivation to receive COVID-19 vaccination, and less than half thought that vaccination promotional materials produced by the government could address their concerns and help them make decisions. After adjustment for significant background characteristics, we found perceived higher impacts of the incentives and belief that vaccination promotional materials produced by the government could address their concern and were helpful for them to make decisions to be associated with a higher rate of completion of primary COVID-19 vaccination series. Perceptions supporting COVID-19 vaccination and less decisional conflict regarding the choice of vaccine were also positively associated with the dependent variable. Government should develop incentives and health promotional materials tailored to the needs of older adults.
Comparison of the Clinical and Laboratory Findings and Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Who Were Either Fully Vaccinated with Coronavac or Not: An Analytical, Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Yavuz Serap Şimşek , Tunçer Gülşah , Altuntaş-Aydın Özlem , Aydın Mehtap , Pehlivanoğlu Filiz , Tok Yeşim , Mese Sevim , Gündüz Alper , Güçlü Ceyda Geyiktepe , Özdoğan İklima , Hemiş-Aydın Börçe , Soğuksu Pınar , Benli Aysun , Başaran Seniha , Midilli Kenan , Eraksoy Haluk
Published: May 2022

COVID-19 vaccines are highly protective against severe disease; however, vaccine breakthrough infections resulting in hospitalization may still occur in a small percentage of vaccinated individuals. We investigated whether the clinical and microbiological features and outcomes were different between hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were either fully vaccinated with Coronovac or not. All hospitalized COVID-19 patients who had at least one dose of Coronavac were included in the study. The oldest unvaccinated patients with comorbidities, who were hospitalized during the same period, were chosen as controls. All epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory data of the patients were recorded and compared between the fully vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. There were 69 and 217 patients who had been either fully vaccinated with Coronavac or not, respectively. All breakthrough infections occurred in the first 3 months of vaccination. Fully vaccinated patients were older and had more comorbidities than unvaccinated patients. There were minor differences between the groups in symptoms, physical and laboratory findings, anti-spike IgG positivity rate and level, the severity of COVID-19, complications, and clinical improvement rate. The mortality rate of fully vaccinated patients was higher than the mortality rate in unvaccinated patients in univariate analysis, which was attributed to the fact that vaccinated patients were older and had more comorbidities. The severity and clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with breakthrough COVID-19 after Coronavac vaccination were similar to those of unvaccinated patients. Our findings suggest that the immune response elicited by Coronovac could be insufficient to prevent COVID-19-related severe disease and death within 3 months of vaccination among elderly people with comorbidities.
Adverse Mentions, Negative Sentiment, and Emotions in COVID-19 Vaccine Tweets and Their Association with Vaccination Uptake: Global Comparison of 192 Countries
Authors: Jun Jungmi , Zain Ali , Chen Yingying , Kim Sei-Hill
Published: May 2022

Background: Many countries show low COVID-19 vaccination rates despite high levels of readiness and delivery of vaccines. The public’s misperceptions, hesitancy, and negative emotions toward vaccines are psychological factors discouraging vaccination. At the individual level, studies have revealed negative perceptual/behavioral outcomes of COVID-19 information exposure via social media where misinformation and vaccine fear flood. Objective: This study extends research context to the global level and investigates social media discourse on the COVID-19 vaccine and its association with vaccination rates of 192 countries in the world. Methods: COVID-19 vaccine tweets were compared by country in terms of (1) the number per million Twitter users, (2) mentions of adverse events—death, side-effects, blood clots, (3) negative sentiment (vs. positive), and (4) fear, sadness, or anger emotions (vs. joy). Artificial intelligence (AI) was adopted to classify sentiment and emotions. Such tweets and covariates (COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates, GDP, population size and density, literacy rate, democracy index, institutional quality, human development index) were tested as predictors of vaccination rates in countries. Results: Over 21.3 million COVID-19 vaccine tweets posted between November 2020 and August 2021 worldwide were included in our analysis. The global average of COVID-19 vaccine tweets mentioning adverse events was 2% for ‘death’, 1.15% for ‘side-effects’, and 0.80% for ‘blood clots’. Negative sentiment appeared 1.90 times more frequently than positive sentiment. Fear, anger, or sadness appeared 0.70 times less frequently than joy. The mention of ‘side-effects’ and fear/sadness/anger emotions appeared as significant predictors of vaccination rates, along with the human development index. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that global efforts to combat misinformation, address negative emotions, and promote positive languages surrounding COVID-19 vaccination on social media may help increase global vaccination uptakes.
Scrivere e descrivere
Authors: Verdone Alessio
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to explore the all-pervasiveness of the technique of ekphrasis within Edoardo Sanguineti’s poetry, from Laborintus (1956) to Varie ed eventuali (2010). The study is conducted looking at six exemplary texts (Laborintus 3 and 7, Reisebilder 14, Cataletto 1, Corollario 43, Mantova 15) belonging to different periods of Sanguineti’s literary career and comparing them with the visual objects that they describe. In this way, the study tries to show the usage of ekphrasis not only as a simple rhetorical device but also as a primary poetical tool. Finally, the article drafts some future ways for further investigation, such as the cataloguing of all the ekphrasises hidden in Edoardo Sanguineti’s poetry, the application of the theoretical results achieved by the international visual studies, and the possibility of connecting Sanguineti’s ekphrasis with the ones used by other Italian contemporary poets.
Prigionieri di guerra ungheresi a Padula durante la prima guerra mondiale
Authors: Takács Bálint
Published: May 2022

Il campo di prigionia di Padula, in Italia, operativo durante la prima guerra mondiale in una grande certosa e caserma, è stato oggetto di numerosi studi italiani, cechi e slovacchi, in quanto era uno dei più grandi campi italiani e fungeva da centro per la creazione della Legione Cecoslovacca. Tuttavia, migliaia dei suoi detenuti erano ungheresi, la cui vita è stata a malapena discussa. Questo articolo si propone di presentare la vita dei prigionieri di guerra ungheresi tenuti a Padula. Con l'ausilio di fonti ad esse pertinenti, quali lettere e memorie, è possibile approfondire quattro aspetti: religione, salute, lamentele e lavoro. Un altro scopo dello studio è quello di offrire un elenco dei prigionieri ungheresi.
Normal saline and acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients; more precaution to be taken
Authors: Hoe Kyaw Kyaw , Gardener Swane , Dawkins Yvonne , Hoe Thant Hnin Saint
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Potential nephrotoxic agents are not well recognized and are being used irrespective of patients’ vulnerability. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the prevalence of exposure to normal saline and the risk of hospital acquired acute kidney injury (HA-AKI). Patients and Methods: A retrospective case-control study of a total of 424 hospitalized patients was done. The frequency of exposure to the individual intravenous fluids and their risk of HA-AKI were calculated as odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Of 424 total sampled hospitalized patients, post-admission normal saline exposure was found in 37.6% in which 22.6% had the development of HA-AKI and 15% did not develop AKI. The risk of HA-AKI was significantly higher in patients who received normal saline and lower in patients who received 5% dextrose water (ORs; 1.92, 95% CI; 1.28, 2.85; P=0.001 and ORs; 0.48, 95% CI; 0.24, 0.95, P=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: Exposure to normal saline was considerably high among hospitalized patients and was associated with a higher risk of AKI. Post-admission administration of high sodium and chloride containing intravenous fluid should be limited in patients who are vulnerable to develop AKI.
Evaluation of the possibility of using urinary neutrophil gelatinase-dependent lipocalin as a predictor of acute kidney injury in intensive care unit patients
Authors: Hajian Sepideh , Rastgoo Nafiseh , Jamshidi Sanaz
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Due to the increase in the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), especially in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), its occurrence has been studied using biomarkers such as urinary neutrophil gelatinase-dependent lipocalin (uNGAL). However, its clinical utility has not yet been approved. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the possibility of using uNGAL as a predictor of AKI in patients admitted to the ICU. Patients and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 32 patients admitted to the ICU who had normal creatinine level at the ICU admission and did not fulfill the RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss of kidney function, and end-stage kidney disease) criteria. Initially, creatinine level and the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were recorded. In the first 24 hours of hospitalization, urine samples were taken from patients to assess uNGAL levels. In the following days, creatinine levels and the day of its rise were recorded. The incidence of AKI was assessed based on the RIFLE criteria, and the relationship between the AKI incidence and the uNGAL level at admission was assessed. Results: The mean (SD) of patients’ age was 63 ± 17 years, and 18 patients (56%) were male. The cause of hospitalization was post-cardiac surgery in 21 patients (66%). The median SOFA score of patients was 2.5 at admission. According to the RIFLE criteria, 47% of patients had kidney problems at different stages. The median length of hospital stay was 13 days, while four patients (13%) died. Range and mean (SD) of uNGAL level at admission in all patients was 46.1 to 172.5 ng/mL and 89.94 ± 30.9 ng/mL, respectively, which was not significantly different between the two sexes and between living and deceased patients. Although the mean of uNGAL increased in patients in the risk and injury stage of the RIFLE criteria compared to normal patients, the difference between them was not significant. The increase in uNGAL was directly related to the increase in SOFA score (Spearman’s rho = 0.360, P = 0.043), while its changes was not significantly related to age or creatinine elevation ratio. Conclusion: The findings of our study showed that, in ICU admitted patients, first-day uNGAL level was not helpful in predicting AKI based on the RIFLE criteria.
Evaluation of sacral dimple association with urodynamic findings in children with recurrent urinary tract infection
Authors: Emami Elham , Sharifian Mostafa , Mohkam Masoumeh , Oroojeni Atrin , Dorali Reza , Javanmard Pedram
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most important diseases of children. UTI timely diagnosis and treatment is essential to prevent renal failure. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the association of sacral dimples with recurrent UTIs and urodynamic findings in a group of pediatric patients. Patients and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on children aged one month to fifteen years old with recurrent UTIs. The association of sacral dimples with recurrent UTIs and urodynamic findings were studied. Results: In total, 229 patients with recurrent UTIs were recruited. One hundred thirty-one patients were in the case group (with sacral dimple), and 98 patients were in the control group (without sacral dimple). One-hundred and nine children (82.2%) in the case group and 56 children (57.1%) in the control group had abnormal voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) (P<0.001). Forty patients in the case group and 29 patients (29.6%) in the control group had abnormal dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan in the first study (P=0.568). Twenty-two patients (16.8%) in the case group and 13 patients (13.3%) in the control group had renal scarring (P=0.578). Urodynamic findings were abnormal in 117 children (89.3%) in the case group and 70 children (71.4%) in the control group (P=0.001, OR=3.34, 95% CI: 1.65-6.78). Conclusion: In this study, abnormal uroflowmetry and bladder compliance were significantly more common in children with recurrent UTIs with sacral dimple in comparison to recurrent UTIs in patients without sacral dimple. It is recommended that in cases of sacral dimples, patients should undergo a urodynamic study to detect bladder dysfunction.
RESPUESTA DE LA SANDÍA AL ACOLCHADO PLÁSTICO, FERTILIZACIÓN, SIEMBRA DIRECTA Y TRASPLANTE
Authors: Mendoza-Moreno S. Felipe , Inzunza-Ibarra Marco A. , Morán-Martínez Roque , Sánchez-Cohen Ignacio , Catalán-Valencia Ernesto A. , Villa-Castorena Magdalena
Published: May 2022

En este estudio se determinó la producción, eficiencia en el uso del agua y la precocidad a cosecha del cultivo de sandía (Citrullus lanatus T.) regado con cintilla a 60 % de la evaporación de un tanque estándar tipo A, en tres tipos de establecimiento (siembra directa, trasplante a dos hojas verdaderas y trasplante a inicio de guías), con y sin acolchado de plástico negro, y dos niveles de fertilización de N y P2O5 (160N-80P y 240N-120P). El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con un arreglo de tratamientos factorial 3x2x2 y las comparaciones de medias se hicieron mediante la prueba Tukey (α=0.05). La mayor producción de fruto (68.6 t ha-1) se logró con el establecimiento del cultivo por trasplante a dos hojas verdaderas combinado con acolchado plástico y fertilizado con 160N-80P, que también fue el tratamiento más eficiente en el uso del agua al alcanzar una productividad de 14.3 kg de fruta por m3 de agua. El rendimiento alcanzado por el mejor tratamiento representó un incremento de casi 150 % respecto al rendimiento medio regional. El incremento de la temperatura del suelo debido al uso del acolchado plástico favoreció la producción y adelantó la cosecha de la sandía en una semana.
INFLUENCIA DE MÉTODOS DE COSECHA Y TEMPERATURAS DE ALMACENAMIENTO EN LA CALIDAD DEL ARÁNDANO (Vaccinium ashei R.)
Authors: Núñez-Barrios Abelardo , NeSmith Scott , Sánchez Esteban , Prussia Stanley , Soto Juan
Published: May 2022

Los métodos de cosecha y temperaturas de almacenamiento pueden influir en la calidad de frutos pequeños como los arándanos (Vaccinium ashei R.). En esta investigación se evaluó el efecto de la cosecha manual y mecánica en la firmeza, perdida de peso y respiración de frutos de arándano almacenados a temperatura ambiente (22 °C) y refrigeración (1 °C). La interacción métodos de cosecha y temperatura fue significativa para las características en estudio. La cosecha mecánica provocó una reducción de firmeza de 30.2 % respecto a los frutos cosechados en forma manual. Las pérdidas de peso en los frutos cosechados mecánicamente y expuestos a 22 °C alcanzaron un valor de 2.3 % d-1, el triple que en los cosechados manualmente (0.8 % d-1) y almacenados a la misma temperatura. La refrigeración redujo la velocidad de respiración de los frutos en 73.8 %, en comparación con los frutos almacenados a 22 °C. La cosecha mecánica elevó la velocidad de respiración tanto en frutos refrigerados como en los almacenados a temperatura ambiente, sobre todo durante los primeros días después de cosecha. Los frutos cosechados a mano mantuvieron mejor calidad bajo las condiciones de este estudio.
INFLUENCIA DE FECHA DE SIEMBRA Y BIOFERTILIZANTES EN SORGO
Authors: Pecina-Quintero Víctor , Díaz-Franco Arturo , Williams-Alanís Héctor , Rosales-Robles Enrique , Garza-Cano Idalia
Published: May 2022

Debido a que las siembras de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) en el norte de Tamaulipas, México, se inician cuando prevalecen bajas temperaturas y que se desconoce el comportamiento de la asociación sorgo con biofertilizantes en estas condiciones, en este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de siete fechas de siembra en la asociación sorgobiofertilizante (Glomus intraradices, Azospirillum brasilense y la fitohormona brassinoesteroide). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre biofertilizantes en ninguna fecha de siembra ni en el análisis combinado, para rendimiento de grano, porcentaje de infección radical y otras características agronómicas. Aunque en las dos primeras fechas de siembra se observaron temperaturas bajas (12 oC), éstas no afectaron el grado de colonización radical. Sólo se observaron diferencias significativas en el índice de clorofila para fechas de siembra, híbridos y en la interacción de estos factores. En general, el porcentaje de colonización radical fue bajo (6 %), y se detectó la presencia de cepas nativas de hongos micorrízicos en el testigo. Es probable que la baja colonización se deba, en parte, a los bajos contenidos de N, P y materia orgánica del sitio de estudio y al efecto inhibitorio de las cepas nativas.
Prediction of the sewing standard time based on process
difficulty coefficient
Authors: YIBING SHAO , XIAOFEN JI , MENGLIN ZHENG , HAINA SHEN
Published: May 2022

In garment production, the standard time is a unit widely used for production planning and calculating cost. It is very
difficult to prepare manufacturing plans, short term and long-term forecasts, pricing, and other technical and managerial
activities in a garment company without true standard time data. Therefore, standard time prediction as the core of
standard time quota management is directly related to economic accounting, production schedule control, resource
optimization, production cycles shortening, cost control and product quotation. The sewing process can be regarded as
the most critical step for the entire garment production, substantially completing the shape of the garment. To achieve
fast and accurate sewing process standard time prediction, this paper established the evaluation indicators for sewing
process difficulty, obtained the weight of each expert to indicators analysed with analytic hierarchy process, and made
group utility function to calculate the difficulty coefficient. The relationship between the sewing processes standard time
and the difficulty coefficient was determined to predict the unknown standard time by curve fitting. The effectiveness and
usability of this method were verified by examples. The results demonstrated that the proposed method could be a good
alternative to existing prediction methods.
Beber en la ciudad de Cochabamba, Bolivia: escena comunicacional y prácticas socioculturales
Authors:   , Babio Marcelo Esteban
Published: May 2022

Esta tesis se enmarca en el seno de los estudios de las prácticas socio culturales de ingesta de bebidas alcohólicas desde una perspectiva comunicacional crítica. Aborda el espacio social de Cochabamba, Bolivia en el año 2002. Es un esfuerzo de comprensión del espacio social cochabambino y las tensiones culturales que lo atraviesan, a partir de las prácticas del beber tal y como se manifestaban entre varones jóvenes y adultos jóvenes. Beber es encontrar sentido en el seno de una comunidad, las bebidas no son objetos comunicacionales neutros, cobran significación en un entorno socio cultural situado tanto geográfica como históricamente. El sentido mismo de las bebidas, se enlaza con las tensiones vigentes en el medio político y cultural de la ciudad. Interrogar la conformación del mundo cultural de 2002 y la manera en que las prácticas de beber revelaban las tensiones sociales en Cochabamba, nos permite reflexionar sobre un proceso histórico regional en que la lucha simbólica tiene una dimensión política. El abordaje que adoptamos es de tipo cualitativo, mediante la utilización de técnicas tales como los grupos motivacionales, las exploraciones etnográficas y las entrevistas en profundidad. Nuestra estrategia analítica y conceptual, sigue la tendencia de los estudios comunicacionales en la articulación de saberes provenientes de campos disciplinares diversos. En la configuración del objeto de análisis confluyen tradiciones teóricas, tales como el estudio antropológico del consumo de bebidas alcohólicas a nivel global (Mary Douglas, Heath), la noción de antagonismo social (Laclau), las reflexiones en torno a la territorialización del espacio (Giddens, Mazurek), la noción de ciudad dual (Castells, Sassen), el abordaje constructivo de los objetos culturales (Bourdieu), la constitución subjetiva del bebedor y sus procesos identificatorios (Lacan), la ubicación del bebedor en un aquí y ahora de la escena comunicacional (Goffman), así como la constitución de límites externos e internos en la configuración de identidades comunitarias (Zizek). Esta alternativa de abordaje conceptual, fue posible gracias al auxilio de la vasta producción generada por los intelectuales cochabambinos, sociólogos, antropólogos, historiadores y urbanistas, con los que se establece un diálogo enriquecedor. Por mencionar solo algunos de los referentes que acompañan nuestro trayecto, destacamos a Rodriguez Ostria, Ledo García, Antequera Durán, Gordillo, Tórrez, Solares, Cabrera, Loza, entre tantos otros.
Vision problems in people over 50 years old in Peru: A population-based study
Authors: Cruzado-Sanchez Deivy , Ichiro-Peralta Christopher , Loayza-Torres Karla , Andree-Tellez Walter , Osada Jorge
Published: May 2022

Objective: To evaluate the history of cataract and vision problems in people over 50 years of age in Peru. Methods: Secondary database analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2016. We included 7970 adults over 50 years of age. We evaluated the indicators of interest at the national and regional level. Likewise, we analyzed factors related to these events using a multivariate Poisson model. Results: 13.6% (95% CI: 12.8-14.3%) had a history of cataract, 20.4% (95%CI: 19.5-21.3%) had long-distance vision problems. (LDVP) and 29.4% (95%CI: 28.4-30.4%) of short-distance vision problems (SDVP). In the multivariate model, we observed that people with a history of high blood pressure, a history of diabetes, and older age groups were significantly more likely to report a history of cataracts and vision problems. We also observed that people with a better economic status had a lower frequency of LDVP and SDVP. Conclusion: The history of cataract and vision problems in the studied population vary according to sociodemographic and geographic characteristics. The identification of factors related to these events of interest allows us to propose better interventions to control these problems.
Eliminación y prevención de la deficiencia de yodo en mujeres gestantes de Perú
Authors: Pretell Zárate Eduardo
Published: May 2022

La deficiencia de yodo (DI) causa daño a través de todos los ciclos de la vida, la vulnerabilidades mayor durante la gestación y la infancia. La yodación universal de la sal (IUS) para consumohumano es la estrategia más costo-efectiva y sostenible para su control. Perú ha logrado laeliminación sostenida de los desórdenes por deficiencia de yodo (DDI) desde 1994. Objetivo:Determinar la efectividad del programa nacional de control de los DDI y la estrategia IUS parasatisfacer el mayor requerimiento de yodo y asegurar la nutrición óptima de yodo de las mujeresembarazadas de la sierra, una región con severa deficiencia natural de yodo. Material y Métodos:El estudio ha incluido a 489 mujeres embarazadas de la sierra, seleccionadas entre las asistentes acontrol pre natal en los centros asistenciales. En cada sujeto se verificó el consumo de sal yodaday se colectó una muestra casual de orina para el análisis de la concentración de yodo y creatinina.Resultados: Según la encuesta de admisión el 99.6 % de los hogares consumen sal yodada.La mediana global de la concentración urinaria de yodo (CUI) 209 μg/L está dentro del rangoadecuado para gestantes y demuestra un estado nutricional de yodo normal. La concentraciónde creatinina en la orina es normal. Conclusión: Estos resultados confirman la eficiencia y eléxito del programa nacional para la eliminación sostenida de los DDI, garantizando la nutriciónnormal de yodo durante la gestación y, por lo tanto, previniendo el riesgo de daño cerebral delos recién nacidos cada año en la sierra.
Analisis Organoleptik Terhadap Granula Bumbu Penyedap Rasa Ikan Lemuru (Sardinella sp)
Authors: Kereh Eklesia Claudia , Dien Henny A , Kaparang Josefa T , Timbowo Semuel M , Palenewen Joyce C V , Onibala Hens , Sanger Grace
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the organoleptic to the condiment granula. Fermenting with long, fermentation, 8 days, 10 days, 12 days, and 14 days are used in this study. The resultof this study using Kruskal-Wallis analysis data. Kruskal-Wallis statistical value on taste, which is 7,068 less than chi-squere's critical value, that is, 7,815 and h₀ is declined and h₁ is accepted. Kruskal-wallis statistical value, which is 4,288 lower than the critical value of chi-squere, which is 7,815, and h₀  is declined and h₁ is accepted. Kruskal-Wallis statistical value, which is 4,534 of chi-squere's critical value, which is 7,815, and h₀  is declined and h₁ is accepted. Kruskal-Wallis statistical value on the texture aspect, namely 3,106 less than the critical value of chi-squere, which is 7,815 and h₀ declined and h₁ was accepted. A sample takes the time to dissolve which is 28 seconds, sample b takes the time to dissolve which is 30 seconds, sample c takes the time to dissolve that is 27 seconds, and for sample d it takes 32 seconds to dissolve.Keywords : Seasonings, Granules, Organoleptic
Pemanfaatan Labu Kuning (Cucurbita moschata) sebagai Subtitusi Tepung Terigu pada Naget Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Permadi Indra Subagja , Mismawati Andi , Zuraida Ita , Diachanty Seftylia , Pamungkas Bagus Fajar
Published: May 2022

Squash (Cucurbita moschata) has the potential as a substitute for wheat flour in the manufacture of fish nugget. This study aims to determine the proximate content and consumer acceptance of catfish nugget with the addition of squash flour as a substitute for wheat flour. The percentages of squash flour as a substitute for wheat flour in making catfish nugget in this study were 0%, 35%, 50% and 65%. The proximate composition of catfish nugget obtained was a decrease in the moisture, ash, fat, and protein content with increasing squash flour added, however, the contrary an increase in carbohydrate and crude fiber content. The catfish nugget which was added with squash flour as a substitute for wheat flour turned out to be more preferred by consumers with a balanced proportion of use.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Asap Cair terhadap Karakteristik Kimia dan Organoleptik Ikan Baung (Mystus gulio) Asap
Authors: Anggraini Putri , Asikin Andi Noor , Kusumaningrum Indrati
Published: May 2022

The use of liquid smoke in the processing of smoked fish is an alternative to improve the quality value and reduce air pollution caused by the traditional smoking process. This study aims to determine the effect of giving liquid smoke on the chemical characteristics of smoked fish and to find out the best concentration of liquid smoke on the level of acceptance of researchers be based on organoleptic tests. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatment concentrations of liquid smoke immersion namely: 0%, 2%,4%, and 6% each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results showed that the concentration of liquid smoke had an effect (p<0.05) on chemical characteristics (water and fat content), but had no effect (p>0.05) on protein and ash content. Hedonic organoleptic test results and hedonic quality showed that the concentration of 6% liquid smoke was the best treatment, with specifications having a delicious and savory taste with a solid texture and shiny brown color. The value of appearance (7,10;7.33), smell (7.50;7.53), taste (7.57;8.53), texture (6.47;7.33), mold and slime (9 ,0).
PENERAPAN PROGRAM KEMITRAAN MASYARAKAT (PKM) PENGOLAH TERIPANG ASAP DI KELURAHAN MANADO TUA SATU KECAMATAN BUNAKEN KEPULAUAN KOTA MANADO PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Salindeho Netty , Pandey Engel Victor
Published: May 2022

Pengolahan dan Pengasapan Teripang di Sulawesi Utara merupakan salah satu sumber penghasilan nelayan. Melihat potensi ketersediaan teripang yang melimpah di Sulawesi Utara perbaikan mutu yang menyangkut perbaikan pengolahan dan pemasaran teripang asap perlu di lakukan. Nelayan-nelayan di desa ini terdiri dari nelayan penangkap dan pengolah hasil tangkapan. Dari kelompok pengolah hasil tangkapan, ada beberapa  nelayan yang membentuk kelompok usaha kecil pengolah teripang asap. Untuk teripang asap diasap dan dijual ke Manado. Tujuan program ini yaitu meningkatkan produksi, pemasaran dan keuangan pada pengusaha kecil pengolah teripang asap di Kelurahan Manado Tua Satu,  target  agar trampil dan mandiri secara ekonomi.  Target khusus kegiatan ini menghasilkan produk teripang  asap yang unggul, sanitasi dan higiene, daya awet dan penggunaan bahan baku kayu asap yang ramah lingkungan serta memberikan kelangsungan usaha dan manajemen yang tangguh. Permasalahan yang di hadapi oleh pengolah teripang pada dasarnya adalah keterbatasan pengetahuan dan wawasan teknologi, menyebabkan produk teripang yang di produksi belum sesuai dengan standar mutu teripang asap (SNI). Pelaksanaan kegiatan Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) ini ditujukan untuk memberikan penyuluhan dan pelatihan yang melibatkan kelompok pengolah teripang (mitra) dengan melaksanakan kegiatan tersebut mitra mengikuti setiap metode pelaksanaan yang diterapkan pada program ini. Langkah-langkah yang ditetapkan bersama untuk mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi kelompok.
Pengaruh Bahan Kemasan Berbeda terhadap Mutu Bandeng Presto dengan Pengemasan Vakum pada Suhu Dingin
Authors: Nursafira Julia , Munandar Aris , Surilayani Dini
Published: May 2022

Bandeng Presto is a form of processed fishery products made from milkfish with the addition of salt, spices and through heating and pressure processing. Period the storage for bandeng presto is around 2-5 days. Low sheilf can be caused by high nutrient content, as well as enviromental influences and contamination of microorganism. Purpose of this study was to determine the type of packaging material that is best for the quality of bandeng presto with optimal shelf life. This study used  factorial completely randomized design with 2 factors, namely packaging (polypropylene and polyethylene) with storage time (0.7.14 and 21 Days). The parameters observed in this study were organoleptic, moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, and total plate count (TPC).The results of this study indicate that the treatment using the type of polypropylene packaging with the vacuum technique is a treatment with an optimal shelf life of 21 days at cold temperatures and has characteristics value his a moisture content value 61.09%, ash content 4.78%, fat content 6.56%, protein content 34.60%, microbes total 4.21x105colony/gand bandeng presto have the appearance of golden yellow, less fresh odor, bland taste, dense texture, slightly mushy and dried mucus.
Analisis Kimia dan Uji Organoletik Selai Rumput Laut Euchema Spinosum
Authors: Damopolii Niki Sirwanto , Kaseger Bertie , Damongilala Lena , Onibala Hens , Pandey Engel , Makapedua Daisy , Sanger Grace
Published: May 2022

Eucheuma spinosum as a quality processed product that has added value. Jam is an ingredient with a gel or semi-gel consistency that is made from the pulp of the fruit. The gel or semi-gel consistency in jam is obtained from the interaction of pectin compounds derived from fruit or pectin added from outside, sucrose and acid sugars. This study aims to analyze the chemistry, including water content test, ash content test, and crude fiber test and organoleptic test for seaweed Eucheuma spinosum jam. In chemical analysis tests and organoleptic tests of Eucheuma spinosum seaweed jam, the water content in Euchema spinosum seaweed jam obtained the lowest results (A2B3), which was 29.75% while the largest (A2B2) was 34.50%, the ash content In Euchema spinosum seaweed jam got the greatest result from treatment (A1B3) by 1%, the crude fiber content in Euchema spinosum seaweed jam got the greatest result in treatment (A2B2 and A2B3) which was 0.015% and the lowest (A1B2) which was equal to 0 , 05%, the Organoleptic Test for the highest appearance test was found in A1B1 with a mean value of 8.69, A2B2 taste with a mean value of 8.44, A1B3 aroma with a mean value of 8.00 and treatment of 150 gr sugar - 0 ml, and A1B1 texture with a value Average 8.56. Eucheuma spinosum sebagai suatu produk olahan yang bermutu dan memiliki nilai tambah. Selai adalah bahan dengan konsistensi gel atau semi gel yang dibuat dari bubur buah. Konsistensi gel atau semi gel pada selai diperoleh dari interaksi senyawa pektin yang berasal dari buah atau pektin yang ditambahkan dari luar, gula sukrosa dan asam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kimia yang diantaranya  uji kadar air, uji kadar abu, dan uji serat kasar dan uji organoleptik selai rumput laut eucheuma spinosum. Dalam pegujian analisis kimia dan uji organoleptik selai rumput laut eucheuma spinosum di dapatkan hasil kadar air pada selai rumput laut Euchema spinosum mendapatkan hasil terendah (A2B3) yaitu sebesar 29,75% sedangkan yang terbesar (A2B2) yaitu sebesar 34,50%, Kadar abu pada selai rumput laut Euchema spinosum mendapatkan hasil terbesar dari perlakuan (A1B3) sebesar 1%, Kadar serat kasar pada selai rumput laut Euchema spinosum mendapatkan hasil paling besar pada perlakuan  (A2B2 dan A2B3)  yaitu sebesar 0,015% dan terendah (A1B2) yaitu sebesar 0,05%, Uji Organoleptik untuk uji kenampakan tertinggi terdapat pada A1B1 dengan nilai rerata sebesar 8,69 , rasa A2B2 dengan nilai rerata 8,44 , aroma A1B3 dengan nilai rerata 8.00 dan perlakuan 150 gr gula – 0 ml, dan tekstur A1B1 dengan nilai rerata 8.56.
Aktivitas Antikanker Serviks Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp.
Authors: Luringunusa Ekklesia , Sanger Grace , Harikedua Silvana Dinaintang , Mentang Feny
Published: May 2022

Kanker serviks merupakan penyakit kanker urutan ketiga terbesar didunia. Beberapa dekade terakhir, metode pengobatan kanker yang sudah digunakan dalam dunia pengobatan yakni tindakan operasi, radiasi, dan kemoterapi. Sebanyak sepertiga penderita kanker diperkirakan dapat disembuhkan dengan tindakan bedah dan radiasi, namunnya bagi dua pertiga lainnya terutama pada penyakit kanker yang telah menyerang ke organ lain, diperlukan modalitas terapi yang bersifat sistemik yaitu kemoterapi. Tujuan penulisan artikel ilmiah ini untuk menemukan senyawa antikanker baru, yang sangat penting untuk pengobatan kanker dari rumput laut, karena rumput laut adalah salah satu produk laut sumber terbesar metabolit kimia aktif.  Penelusuran literature menggunakan kata kunci, Gracilaria sp, kanker serviks, HPV, obat antikanker serviks. Metode pengumpulan literature mengunakan elelectronic data base: PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Hasil yang diperoleh: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Gracilaria sp. yang mempunyai aktifitas sitotoksik melawan sel Hela sebesar IC50 13,8 – 71,4% (µg/ml), sehingga dapat dijadikan sumber obat antikanker serviks. Rumput laut Gracilaria sp. yang tumbuh melimpah di Indonesia dapat digunakan didalam pengobatan untuk menurunkan tingkat kasus dan kematian akibat kanker.
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES IN KOKOTAIS COMMEMORATION
Authors: Tolubaeva CH.D. , Jumashova N.A. , Sulaimankulova M.B.
Published: May 2022

The article examines the psychological upheavals in the section «Keketudyn ashy» of the epic «Manas». Psychological analysis is one of the most important issues in the study of modern literature. Based on this, the fantasies of the heroes of the epic «Manas», the state of their soul, the reflection to various living conditions were studied using monologues, types of speech, landscapes, portraits, which are artistic details of psychological analysis. Particularly noteworthy is the section «Keketudyn ashy », which is rich in psychological emotions of the characters. The fears of ordinary people towards the Chinese Kalmyks and the fear that young men and women will not be enslaved by slaves of other nationalities are well illustrated. The care of the old man, the father of the Koshoi people and his personal fears is also well shown.
COMPLICATING FACTORS IN LEARNING ENGLISH CONSTRUCTION TERMINOLOGY IN A KYRGYZ-SPEAKING STUDENT AUDIENCE
Authors: Shakeeva N.M. , Karagulova M.K. , Sharshenbek k. N.
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the complicating factors of learning English construction terms in the Kyrgyz-speaking student audience.
NEW HIGHLY DECORATIVE ARCHITECTURAL AND BUILDING PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS FOR HOUSING CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Kaldybaev N.A. , Duisheev S.D. , Mamytov A.S. , Toktosunov A.A.
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of research work on the selection and justification of technological parameters for the production of highly decorative architectural and building products from local mineral raw materials, including technogenic mineral formations. Experimental work has been carried out to obtain new building materials that enhance the decorative and artistic design of architectural objects. Structural and technological parameters are substantiated and a prototype of a new large-format ceramic facing-bearing block is obtained. A search for new architectural forms using crushed natural stone was carried out and a design of a new plinth cladding block with the “saytash” texture was developed. A recipe was developed and prototypes of building products for masonry walls (lego brick and aerated concrete) were obtained, characterized by ease and convenience of masonry with equal strength characteristics. The results of the research are recommended to be implemented for the improvement of architectural objects in the city of Osh.
Nanoscale observation of subgap excitations in β-Si3N4 with a high refractive index using low-voltage monochromated STEM: a new approach to analyze the physical properties of defects in dielectric materials
Authors: Asano Takanori , Tezura Manabu , Saitoh Masumi , Tanaka Hiroki , Kikkawa Jun , Kimoto Koji
Published: May 2022

We observed nanoscale distribution of subgap excitations induced by Ga-ion beam processing in β-Si3N4 via electron energy-loss spectroscopy performed using a monochromated (0.1 eV) and aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. A sufficiently low operating voltage (30 kV) was selected to suppress background caused by Cerenkov loss in β-Si3N4 with a high refractive index. By further combining crystallinity, composition, and bandgap measurements, we found that defects excited at the band edge (6 eV) and lower energies (3 eV) exhibit different dependence trends with respect to crystallinity. The proposed technique was verified to effectively distinguish between various amorphous materials.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Maharah Kalam di Pondok Pesantren Darut Tarbiyah Kabupaten Mandailing Natal
Authors: Ritonga Syaipuddin , Zulpina Zulpina , Darman Isra Hayati
Published: May 2022

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar maharah kalam pada siswa kelas 1 Madrasah Aliyah di Pondok Pesantren Darut Tarbiyah kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Tulisan ini akan mendeskripsikan bagaimana proses pengembangan bahan ajar maharah kalam, dan sejauh mana efektifitas bahan ajar maharah kalam dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara bahasa Arab siswa dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode R & D, yaitu metode penelitian untuk menghasilkan sebuah produk tertentu dan mengujikannya, sedangkan model rancangannya menggunakan model ADDIE (Analyze, Desain, Develop, Implement, Evaluate) yang dipelopori oleh Reiser dan Molenda. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) Materi yang dikembangkan terdiri dari lima tema yaitu sakan, dirasah, nazhafah, riyadhah, dan ansyithah yaumiah. Setiap tema memiliki tiga percakapan (hiwar), setiap hiwar memiliki satu tadribat (minimal). Bahan ajar yang dikembangkan disusun berdasarkan tsaqafah mahalliyah (budaya setempat), dalam hal ini tsaqafah yang digunakan adalah tsaqafah (budaya) pesantren. Berdasarkan hasil angket dari para pakar (ahli), peneliti mendapatkan nilai 85,5 %, ini menunjukkan bahwa buku yang dikembangkan sangat baik. Sedangkan hasil angket yang disebarkan kepada siswa, diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar92,5 %. ini juga menunjukkan bahwa buku yang dikembangkan mendapat respond an pengaruh yang sangat baik bagi siswa.