bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Simulation of Measurement-Based Correlation Models for Shadow Fading
Authors: Pätzold Matthias , Avazov Nurilla , Nguyen Van Duc
Published: May 2016

This paper deals with the design of measurement-based correlation models for shadow fading. Based on the correlation model, we design a simulation model using the sum-of-sinusoids (SOS) method to enable the simulation of spatial lognormal processes characterizing real-world shadow fading scenarios. The model parameters of the simulation model are computed by applying the Lp-norm method (LPNM). This method facilitates an excellent fitting of the simulation model’s autocorrelation function (ACF) to that of measured channels. Our study includes an evaluation of all important statistical quantities of the proposed measurement-based simulation model, such as the probability density function (PDF), spatial ACF, decorrelation and coherence distance, as well as the level-crossing rate (LCR) and the average duration of fades (ADF). A comparison with the Gudmundson correlation model shows that the developed measurement-based correlation model outperforms the former one by far in terms of the goodness of fit to the measured data. The proposed measurement-based simulation model allows to study the effects of long-term fading on the performance of mobile communication systems under real-world shadow fading conditions.
Quantization Error Correction Schemes for Lattice-Reduction Aided MIMO Detectors
Authors: Nguyen Tien Duc , Fujino Tadashi , Tran Xuan Nam
Published: May 2016

Lattice reduction aided (LRA) linear detectors have been known to achieve near optimal performance at low complexity. However, one weakness of LRA detector is that the quantization step in LRA detector is not optimal. Based on simulation results, we show that most of detection errors in LRA linear detectors are due to quantization errors. We then propose two methods to correct the quantization errors. In the first method, sphere detectors are introduced to correct quantization errors at low additional complexity. As a second approach, we propose a list quantization scheme which can generate a list of candidate symbols from the original LRA estimated symbols. From these listed symbols, decisions are made according to the minimum Euclidean distance between the received and estimated points. It is shown by simulations that both methods provide significant BER performance improvements with only a small additional complexity.
Gram-Schmidt Combined LLL Lattice-Reduction Aided Detection in MIMO Systems
Authors: Fujino Tadashi
Published: May 2016

This paper proposes an improved lattice-reduction aided (LRA) MMSE detection scheme, based on the Gram-Schmidt (GS) procedure. The proposed scheme reduces the column vectors of the MIMO channel matrix, by using the LLL algorithm followed by the GS procedure in order to transform the channel matrix into a new one which has mutually purely orthogonal column vectors. Compared to the conventional LRA MMSE detector, the proposed detector achieves a very good BER performance, almost equivalent to those using the ML detector in the 4 × 4 MIMO system at the cost of a slightly larger computational complexity.
An Efficient Architecture of Forward Transforms and Quantization for H.264/AVC Codecs
Authors: Tran Xuan-Tu , Tran Van-Huan
Published: May 2016

Thanks to many novel coding tools, H.264/AVC has become the most efficient video compression standard providing much better performance than previous standards. However, this standard comes with an extraordinary computational complexity and a huge memory access requirement, which make the hardware architecture design much more difficult and costly, especially for realtime applications. In the framework of H.264 codec hardware architecture project, this paper presents an efficient architecture of Forward Transform and Quantization (FTQ) for H.264/AVC codecs in mobile applications. To reduce the hardware implementation overhead, the proposed design uses only one unified architecture of 1-D transform engine to perform all required transform processes, including discrete cosine transform and Walsh Hadamard transform. This design also enables to share the common parts among multipliers that have the same multiplicands. The performance of the design is taken into consideration and improved by using a fast architecture of the multiplier in the quantizer, the most critical component in the design. Experimental results show that our architecture can completely finish transform and quantization processes for a 4:2:0 macroblock in 228 clock cycles and the achieved throughput is 445Msamples/s at 250MHz operating frequency while the area overhead is very small, 147755μm2 (approximate 15KGates), with the 130nm TSMC CMOS technology.
Dual Band-Notched UWB Antenna based on Electromagnetic Band Gap Structures
Authors: Trinh-Van Son , Dao-Ngoc Chien
Published: May 2016

A printed ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with dual band-notched characteristics based on electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure is presented. To produce dual-band rejection, the microstrip feed line is placed between two pairs of EBG cells which are designed to act as stop-band filters. The final design of the antenna satisfies the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) requirement of less than 2.0 in a bandwidth spreading from 2.275 GHz to 10.835 GHz, which entirely covers UWB frequency band allocated from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The antenna also shows dual band-notched performance at the frequency bands of 3.375 − 3.875 GHz for WiMAX and 5.325 − 6.150 GHz for WLAN, while possessing omni-directional characteristic in the whole operating frequency band. The results show good agreement between simulation and measurement.
Asynchronous Sampling Rate Conversions in Digital Communications Systems
Authors: Duong Quang X. , Pelet Eric R. , Salt J. Eric , Nguyen Ha H.
Published: May 2016

The problem of resampling digital signals at an output sampling rate that is incommensurate with the input sampling rate is the topic of this paper. This problem is often encountered in practice, as for example in the multiplexing of video signals from different sources for the purpose of distribution. There are basically two approaches to resample the signals. Both approaches are thoroughly described and practical circuits for hardware implementation are provided. A comparison of the two circuits presented in the paper shows that one circuit requires a division to compute the new sampling times. This time scaling operation adds complexity to the implementation with no performance advantage over the other circuit, and makes the “division free” circuit the preferred one for resampling.
A Novel Multi-Dimensional Spectrum Estimation Technique using Antenna Array Displacement
Authors: Pham Viet-Ha , Grenier Dominic , Chouinard Jean-Yves
Published: May 2016

Conventionally, in multi-dimensional spectral estimation techniques, each data snapshot in space is captured simultaneously. All antenna elements or sensors being used to collect data are sampled at the same time. By doing so, the size of the antenna array is proportional to the area of interest in space. The antenna array is prohibitively huge if the area that we want to cover is large. In this paper, in order to reduce the number of antenna elements in use, we propose a novel multi-dimensional spectrum estimation technique based on displacing small antenna arrays along predefined paths. It includes a data measurement technique which sequentially collects data samples within each snapshot in space according to a predefined order, and a spectral estimation technique which is based on the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of the collected data. The key idea is to create a large synthetic antenna aperture by displacing a small antenna array along a predefined trajectory. Impinging waves are assumed uniform plane waves. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated by simulation. The applications of the proposed technique include synthetic aperture radar, radar image processing and sonar systems.
Defining Quantiles for Estimating IP Packet Delay Variation in NGN Core Networks
Authors: Lam Dao Ngoc , Thang Le Nhat , Lap Le Huu
Published: May 2016

Traffic delay is one of the important metrics used for evaluating network performance. Delay and delay variation characteristics of IP packets transferred over multi-section networks can be derived, estimated or composed from component distributions of IP package delay in each network section. Approximate methods are needed in the cases of unknown or complicated delay distribution functions, which are unavailable or unusable in practice. The ITU-T has proposed a method for estimating IP packet delay variation. One of noticeable factors affecting the estimation accuracy is the packet delay population quantile which has not been adequately considered. The objective of this paper is to examine the optimal range of quantiles used for estimating the IP packet delay variation in the NGN (Next Generation Network) core networks. The paper is composed from the following ideas. Firstly, several concepts and mathematical formulas related to delay metrics based on probability and statistics theory are defined. The approximate method of ITU-T for estimating the IP packet delay variation in a multi-section network is revised. Then, another method based on convolution for composing the empirical IPTD distribution functions is proposed for the same target as the first one. Secondly, a number of test cases are implemented to measure the IP packet delay on several sections of an NGN core network. Sample data are used for computing and estimating the IP packet delay variation for multi-section networks by two methods with certain hypotheses. Finally, these methods are compared and evaluated both theoretically and empirically in regards to the estimation accuracy versus quantiles of the IP packet transfer delay. The best range of quantiles is determined to ensure the accuracy of the estimation method applied for the NGN core network.
Multihop Decode-and-Forward Relay Networks: Secrecy Analysis and Relay Position Optimization
Authors: Bao Vo Nguyen Quoc , Linh-Trung Nguyen
Published: May 2016

Relay communication has advantages over direct transmission in terms of secrecy capacity. In this paper, the performance of secrecy, offered by multihop decode-and-forward relaying, is investigated and compared to its counterpart in direct transmission. Three key performance measures are derived over Rayleigh fading channels: probability of non-zero secrecy capacity, secure outage probability and secrecy capacity, which are valid for an arbitrary number of hops. Based on the tractable form of the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity, the optimization problem of trusty relay replacement is also studied. Numerical results indicate that a proper relay replacement can increase the network security without extra network resources. The correctness of analytical results is confirmed by using a MATLAB-based independent simulation model.
Joint Optimization of Precoder and Decoder in Multiuser MIMO Systems
Authors: Raja M. , Nguyen Ha H. , Muthuchidambaranathan P.
Published: May 2016

This paper considers the joint optimization of precoder and decoder for both uplink and downlink transmissions in multiuser multiple-input, multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems. Focusing on the scenario when an improper constellation such as binary phase shift-keying (BPSK) or M-ary amplitude shift-keying (M-ASK) is employed, novel joint linear precoders and decoders are proposed to minimize the total mean squared error (TMSE) of the symbol estimation. The superiority of the proposed transceivers over the previously-proposed designs is thoroughly verified by simulation results.
Forecasting the Bandwidth of Digital Links to the Internet
Authors: Bludov Dimitry , Golovko Vitaly , Simonov Mikhail , Vikhlyantsev Peter
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we propose a new efficient technique for forecasting the bandwidth of digital access links to the Internet. This technique can be used for calculating the throughput of access links in implementing electronic document management systems and in organizing information portals. The main idea is to estimate the bandwidth of digital access links to the Internet using the statistics of the service load. The main result is the derivation of analytical expressions to estimate the required bandwidth.
Modified Tapered Slot-line Antennas for Special Applications
Authors: Zhang Wen-Xun
Published: May 2016

Tapered slot-line antenna (TSA) is a well known printed end-fire antenna with traveling-wave feature. In order to further improve its performances and extend its functions, several techniques with patents were developed in SEU, and summarized in this article. Here include: grating-loaded TSA for gain enhancement, CPW back-fed TSA for broadening impedance bandwidth, asymmetric TSA structure for beam shaping and optimization, coupled TSA with hybrid network for monopulse beam forming. Both conceptual illumination and simulated/measured results are described.
A New Approach and Tool in Verifying Asynchronous Circuits
Authors: Nguyen Tin T. , Le-Huu Khoi-Nguyen , Bui Thang H. , Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu
Published: May 2016

Research in asynchronous circuit approach has been carried out recently when asynchronous circuits are presented more widely in electronic systems. As they are more important in human life, their correctness should be considered carefully. Although there are some EDA tools for design and synthesis of asynchronous circuits, they are lack of methods for verifying the correctness of the produced circuits. In this work, we are about to propose a verification method and apply it in making a new version of the PAiD tool that can enable engineers to design, synthesize and verify asynchronous circuits. Experiments in verifying circuits have been also provided in this work.
Opportunistic Unsynchronized Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Bellanger Maurice
Published: May 2016

The challenge of opportunistic networks is to maximize the usage of the spectrum by offering quick and easy access to independent systems and their users. A physical layer able to operate efficiently in an unsynchronized environment is needed and it is shown that the filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) technique can meet the objectives in terms of performance and flexibility. Then, a protocol must be developed to ensure global convergence and an overall transmission capacity close to the optimal possible value at a given place and a given time. An approach called “good neighbour” is presented, which consists of building the capacity requested by the users through a threshold regulated local search and with minimum changes in frequency band allocation to reduce interference non-stationarity to other systems. Finally, potential applications of opportunistic networks are reviewed and the conditions for proliferation of this kind of network are discussed.
Performance Analysis of AntNet-LA Protocol for Ad-hoc Networks based on Disaster Area Mobility Model
Authors: Godbole Vaibhav
Published: May 2016

Availability of cheap positioning instruments like GPS receivers makes it possible for routing algorithms to use the position of nodes in an ad hoc mobile network. Regular position based routing algorithms fail to find a route from a source to a destination in some cases when the network contains nodes with irregular transmission ranges or they find a route that is much longer than the shortest path. On the other hand routing algorithms based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) find routing paths that are close to the shortest paths even if the nodes in the network have different transmission ranges. The drawback of these algorithms is the large number of messages that needs to be sent or the long delay before the routes are established. In this paper, we propose a novel protocol AntNet-LA which combines the idea of ACO with information about position of all nodes. In this technique the distance between the nodes is considered to transmit the packets, hence overcomes the drawbacks of AntNet algorithm which considers only cumulative probability for packet transmission. We compare performance of AntNet-LA with AntNet, Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Ad-hoc On Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) protocols. We also compare performance of AntNet-LA with distance-aware protocols such as Location Aided Routing (LAR), Geographical AODV GeoAODV and Position Based ANT colony optimization (PBANT).
A New High Performance Decoder for LDPC Codes
Authors: Hung Nguyen Tung , Duan Nguyen Van
Published: May 2016

The article introduces a new decoder for LDPC codes based on the general check matrix and soft syndrome. Simulation result shows that the new decoder can improve the performance of LDPC codes. Compared with some other improvements, the new decoding algorithm is simpler, and it can detect errors and be applied to great length LDPC codes.
Geographic-based Routing in Smart Grid’s Neighbor Area Networks
Authors: Ho Quang-Dung , Rajalingham Gowdemy , Le-Ngoc Tho
Published: May 2016

Neighbor area network (NAN), also known as smart meter communication network, is one of the most important segments of smart grid communications network (SGCN). This paper studies the performance of greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR), a representative implementation of geographic-based routing class, in the NAN scenario and investigates the feasibility of this routing protocol in supporting SG applications. Specifically, packet transmission delay and reliability of GPSR in an IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless mesh NAN with practical system parameters are measured by simulations. The results show that, at the data rate required for conventional SG applications including smart metering, real-time pricing and demand response, the delay can always be maintained below 70 ms (in 95th-percentile perspective) while packet delivery ratio is higher than 90%. However, due to that fact that more advanced applications that require information exchange at higher rates and more stringent delays are emerging in SG, the performance of GPSR in NAN scenarios using radio technologies that can support higher loads and/or larger network scales needs to be studied.
Multi-level Scalable Textual-Graphical Password Authentication Scheme for Web based Applications
Authors: Behl Umedha , Bhat Divya , Ubhaykar Neha , Godbole Vaibhav , Kulkarni Saurabh
Published: May 2016

Nowadays, user authentication is one of the important topics in information security. Authentication is necessary in multi-user systems. User name and password are used to authenticate a user. Text-based strong password scheme can provide security to a certain degree. Users tend to pick short passwords or passwords that are easy to remember, which makes the passwords vulnerable for attackers to break. Furthermore, textual password is vulnerable to shoulder-surfing, hidden camera and spy-ware attacks. Graphical authentication has been proposed as a possible alternative solution to text-based authentication, motivated particularly by the fact that humans can remember images better than text. However, they are mostly vulnerable to shoulder surfing. In this paper, we propose a Multi-level Scalable Textual-Graphical Password Authentication Scheme for web based applications. This scheme integrates both graphical and textual password schemes, and provides multi-level authentication scheme as compared to previously proposed single level scheme. In this scheme multi-level authentication is obtained by making use of SMS service, hence provides more secure service. This scheme shows significant potential bridging the gap between conventional textual password and graphical password. Further enhancements of this scheme are proposed and briefly discussed.
Toward A Full Implementation of the Operation and Support Subsystem (OSS) in IMS Networks
Authors: Hung Nguyen Tai , Thanh Nguyen Huu , Mueller Julius
Published: May 2016

Recently, mobile operators all over the world are facing big challenges on the decreasing of the revenues from its traditional killer-applications like SMS/MMS and even voice services. The challenges come from a new trend of services called OTT (Over The Top). These OTT services provide the mobile users with flexible, convenient and more importantly free means to do their daily multimedia communication needs and seamlessly without any border so that operators couldn’t be just simply block it, but in opposite, need to find solutions to compete against it. Because of that, nowadays, more and more operators choose to deploy the standard RCS (Rich Communication Suite). RCS is a set of rich features communication services developed on top of IMS framework. Although there have been tremendous efforts to develop the architecture and protocols for IMS, which is a key technology of the NGN, it is far from being widely deployed. There are many reasons for that unpopularity (of IMS commercial deployment), namely, the lacking of clear business model for IMS-based services, no big difference between IMS-based services and SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) services, lack of the true demands for features that IMS based services have, etc... However, one of the most important reason that till now not many researchers have pointed out and addressed it, is about the OSS (Operation and Support Subsystem) functions. The lacking of OSS clearly defined functions and interfaces make the difficulties for operators and even equipment manufacturers to collect the pay back for any big scale IMS deployment for their networks. This paper presents our proven that IMS can provide the killer applications with blending features like mash-up and readily equipped with the intelligent charging and policy control functions. That may partly help to speed up the deployment process of IMS in real networking environment.
Band Selection for Hyperspectral Images Using Non-Negativity Constraints
Authors: Gruninger John , Dothe Hoang
Published: May 2016

This paper presents a new factorization technique for hyperspectral signal processing based on a constrained singular value decomposition (SVD) approach. Hyperpectral images typically have a large number of contiguous bands that are highly correlated. Likewise the field of view typically contains a limited number of materials and the spectra are also correlated. Only a selected number of bands, the extreme bands that include the dominant materials spectral signatures, are needed to express the data. Factorization can provide a means for interpretation and compression of the spectral data. Hyperspectral images are represented as non-negative matrices by graphic concatenation, with the pixels arranged into columns and each row corresponding to a spectral band. SVD and principal component analysis enjoy a broad range of applications, including, rank estimation, noise reduction, classification and compression, with the resulting singular vectors forming orthogonal basis sets for subspace projection techniques. A key property of non-negative matrices is that their columns/rows form non-negative cones, with any non-negative linear combination of the columns/rows belonging to the cone. Data sets of spectral images and time series reside in non-negative orthants and while subspaces spanned by SVD include all orthants, SVD projections can be constrained to the non-negative orthants. In this paper we utilize constraint sets that confine projections of SVD singular vectors to lie within the cones formed by the spectral data. The extreme vectors of the cone are found and these vectors form a basis for the factorization of the data. The approach is illustrated in an application to hyperspectral data of a mining area collected by an airborne sensor.
Efficient Image Watermarking Using Filtered DWT-Blocks for Quantization of Significant Differences
Authors: Huynh-The Thien , Le-Tien Thuong , Nguyen-Thanh Tuan
Published: May 2016

In the paper, a robust blind watermarking method is introduced for gray-scale images based on wavelet tree quantization with an adaptive threshold in the extraction. Every block of 2×2 coefficients of High-Low subbands of the Wavelet tranform are grouped in a block through the parent-child relationship of the wavelet tree. Every scrambled binary watermark bit is embedded into each block based on the difference value of two largest coefficients. The watermark is recovered by comparing the difference values in each block to an adaptive threshold. The accuracy of an extracted watermark depends on the threshold which is determined by minimizing the sum of weighted within-class variance. The performance of the proposed watermarking method is represented through experimental results under various types of attack such as, Histogram Equalization, Cropping, Low-pass Filtering, Gaussian noise, Salt & Pepper noise and JPEG compression. In additions, the proposed method is also compared to recent methods in the extraction performance.
High-Level Modeling and Simulation of a Novel Reconfigurable Network-on-Chip Router
Authors: Le-Van Thanh-Vu , Tran Xuan-Tu
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we present a novel router architecture for implementing a Reconfigurable Network-on-Chip (RNoC) at high-level design using SystemC. The RNoC is an adaptive NoC-based system-on-chip providing a dynamic reconfigurable communication mechanism. By adding a virtual port – named Routing Modification port – into the conventional router architecture, the network router is able to route communication data flexibly whenever the target routing path is blocked, by unwanted defects or intently by a software programme to meet the requirements of applications. The proposed architecture has been modeled in SystemC/C++, simulated and verified within a 2D mesh 5×5 network platform. In normal communication mode, the static XY routing algorithm is used while the West-First algorithm with a proposed prohibited router surrounding technique is applied in reconfiguration mode. Experimental results are also reported to compare the performance of the network architecture in different operation modes as well as with other works.
A Complete Method for Reconstructing an Elevation Surface of 3D Point Clouds
Authors: Nguyen Van Sinh , Tran Manh Ha , Nhan Ba Cong
Published: May 2016

Reconstructing the surface of 3D point clouds is a reconstruction from a cloud of 3D points to a triangular mesh. This process approximates a discrete point cloud by a continuous/smooth surface depending on the input data and the applications of users. In this paper, we propose a complete method to reconstruct an elevation surface from 3D point clouds. The method consists of three steps. In the first step, we triangulate an elevation surface of 3D point cloud structured in a 3D grid. In the second step, we remove the outward triangles to deal with concave regions on the boundary of the triangular mesh. In the third step, we reconstruct this surface by filling the hole of triangular mesh. Our method could process very fast for triangulating the surface, preserve the topology and characteristic of the input surface after reconstruction.
Proposal of MIMO Ultra-Wide Band Antenna with Low Mutual Coupling
Authors: Trung Le Trong , Dinh Nguyen Quoc , Hieu Ta Chi
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a new ultra-wide band (UWB) MIMO antenna is proposed. A MIMO antenna set consists of two single ultra-wide band antennas. This simple and compact MIMO antenna, which is designed to work from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz, has a broad bandwidth with the VSWR ≤ 2. In addition, MIMO antenna characteristics such as radiation pattern, maximal gain are thoroughly investigated.
Efficient Load Balancing Algorithm over Heterogeneous Wireless Packet Networks
Authors: Nguyen-Vuong Quoc-Thinh , Agoulmine Nazim
Published: May 2016

The paper aims at improving the load balancing algorithm in wireless packet cellular networks and particularly in coordinated heterogeneous wireless packet networks. Our main contributions are two-fold. First, we introduce a new approach to compute the network load metric based on the radio link quality and scheduling information, which can be applied to any wireless packet system. This load metric hides the radio resources heterogeneity of different access technologies from the load balancer. Secondly, we propose a new practical load balancing algorithm which provides a more efficient way to manage the scarce radio resources. The proposed approach has been compared with different existing schemes and the results show the superiority of the proposed solution.
A Survey on Approximations of One-Dimensional Gaussian Q-Function
Authors: Bao Vo Nguyen Quoc , Tuyen Luu Pham , Tue Huynh Huu
Published: May 2016

Predicting the digital communication system performance plays a very important role in the process of system design. This performance is usually quantified by symbol error probability or bit error probability. Computing these probabilities in presence of Additive White Gaussian Noise requires to work with integrals involving the Gaussian Qfunction, which cannot be expressed in closed-form in terms of elementary functions. As a result, approximating the Gaussian Q-function in closed-form expressions with high accuracy becomes a necessity. In this paper, we give an overview about the Gaussian Q-function approximations and via some illustrating examples, we discuss their accuracy, tractability as well as their computational complexity
Simulation and Measurement Methods for RCS Estimations of a Scale Model Airplane
Authors: Michishita Naobumi , Dinh Nguyen Quoc , Yamada Yoshihide
Published: May 2016

In a military context, the radar cross section (RCS) of an airplane is a very important subject. For an RCS estimation object, a scaled-down model is often employed for ease of measurements. Recently, electromagnetic simulations of the RCS has become very convenient because of developments in high-speed calculation methods such as MLFMM and HOBF in electromagnetic simulators employing the MoM algorithm. As for the measurements, high-resolution measurements via the time domain analysis are promising. In this paper, important estimation expressions for use with a scale model are briefly explained. In terms of calculations, comparisons are drawn between the actual calculation abilities of MoM, MLFMM, and HOBF at 18 GHz for a 1/48-scale model. In terms of measurement, a high-resolution measurement system employing a compact range and time domain analysis that is used in this study is explained. Next, the calculated and measured results are compared in order to show the accuracy of the obtained results. The results in vertical and horizontal planes of a scale model are shown at vertical and horizontal polarizations. Moreover, using the calculation method to determine estimates at higher frequencies is also investigated in order to obtain the practical RCS value of a real-sized airplane
Decentralized Online Social Network Using Peer-to-Peer Technology
Authors: Tran Manh Ha , Nguyen Van Sinh , Ha Synh Viet Uyen
Published: May 2016

This paper presents a social network with a peer-to-peer architecture that facilitates social computing services in distributed environments. This social network aims to provide users the capability of managing the dissemination of user data, searching user data on the data silos of the network, and consolidating user data from various social networks. The social network employs a super peer peer-to-peer architecture that contains peers and super peers. Users use peers to participate the network and services. Peers with sufficient storage, bandwidth and processing power become super peers that support peers for complex operations such as user authentication or group communication. We have extended the Gnutella protocol to provide the authentication and posting services on the social network. The design of these services copes with the distributed setting of the social network. The evaluation of the prototyping social network has performed on a number of laboratory workstations to investigate its scalability, reliability and performance.
A Two-Bit Reflectarray Element Using Cut-Ring Patch Coupled to Delay Lines
Authors: Nguyen Binh Duong , Tran Van-Su , Mai Linh , Dinh-Hoang Phuc
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a two-bit element for reflectarray applications is presented. The proposed element is based on the cut-ring patch coupled to delay lines through an annular slot. The four states of the reflection phase with a step of 90◦ are achieved with two switches. This reported work is the first step towards the 2-bit active reflectarray element. Prototypes of the element have been fabricated and characterized in X-band using waveguide simulator. Measured results show good characteristics with low magnitude losses and the bandwidth of 1.7-bit resolution is over 5%.
Consumer Preferences and Attitude towards Car Purchasing Decision - An Empirical Analysis of Lucknow City
Authors: Elahi Dr. Yasir Arafat
Published: May 2016

Encouraged by rapid economic growth, personal vehicle ownership in India is increasing at very fast pace. This paper shows survey of People in Lucknow, a representative city in Northern India, to analyze preferences (Personal vehicle- Cars) of consumers in the Indian market. The Consumer lifestyle and the Psychographic impact on the consumer attitude and behavior has been a priority area in Consumer behavior. The recent trends show, Indian Consumer attitude is moving along with global trends and change in behavioral patterns of consumers over the years has been due to several demographic factors. Consumers use attitude as a frame of reference to judge new information or objects. Ultimately the consumer attitudes, which are learnt and stored in memory, play a crucial role in decision making to purchase goods and services. There is a rapid increase in the growth of car purchasers in Lucknow city, especially among people with increasing income and youth. Many Automobile companies are attracted towards this market and initiating academician to conduct research for customer’s preferences and factors that influence the car purchasers. The objective of this research is to highlight factors that affect car sales with relationship between demographic variables and purchases of cars. This research can be used as beneficiary information of consumer preferences, to increase the volume of sales.
Is Client Retention more Important than Employee Retention - A Case Study on Indian PR Agency
Authors: Mishra Saumya
Published: May 2016

In the world of paradigm shift, both employee and employer are under tremendous pressure to perform. There is fierce competition not only in the industry but also across categories. This new liberalized cutting edge technology driven environment has made client and employee retention –a mind-boggling process. The fast pacing change across the globe has made the new employee and employer relationship irreversible. Core Ltd., India’s premier Public relation agency, is facing a problem of employee retention. The employee working on DC (Core’s client) resigns frequently. In the last ten months, since the time DC has come, all the employees who have been assigned to DC have resigned from the job. This research paper is a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the problems that contribute to employee loss in Core Ltd. and solution it seeks to uncover best practices for preventing loss of key talent. Present paper explores concept of client retention, employee retention, major problems and issues of employees working under extreme pressure conditions and their solutions.
The Influence of TRIPS Compliant Patent Laws on Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Rastogi Rupesh , Kumar Virendra
Published: May 2016

The first legislation in India relating to patents was the Act VI of 1856. The Indian Patents and Design Act, 1911 (Act II of 1911) replaced all the previous Acts. The Act brought patent administration under the management of Controller of Patents for the first time. After Independence, it was felt that the Indian Patents & Designs Act, 1911 was not fulfilling its objective. Various comities were constituted to recommend, framing a patent law which can fulfill the requirement of Indian Industry and people. The Indian Patent Act of 1970 was enacted to achieve the above objectives. The major provisions of the act, provided for process, not the product patents in food, medicines, chemicals with a term of 14 years and 5-7 for chemicals and drugs. The Act enabled Indian citizens to access cheapest medicines in the world and paved a way for exponential growth of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry. TRIPS agreement, which is one of the important results of the Uruguay Round, mandated strong patent protection, especially for pharmaceutical products, thereby allowing the patenting of NCEs, compounds and processes. India is thereby required to meet the minimum standards under the TRIPS Agreement in relation to patents and the pharmaceutical industry. India’s patent legislation must now include provisions for availability of patents for both pharmaceutical products and processes inventions. The present paper examines the impact of change in Indian Patent law on Pharmaceutical Industry.
Human Development & the Corporate Sector: The Anonymous Benefactor
Authors: Karamchandani Kirti
Published: May 2016

The interdependence between the corporate world and the society is evidently visible in the economic, social, ecological and inclusive development of the region where a corporate has evolved. This evolution of the private business houses has laid the foundations of sustainable relationships with the community at large. But yet given the resources, reach and impact of this sector, its imprecise relation with the human development of the population can be referred to as that of the ‘Anonymous Benefactor’. There are numerous examples of corporates adopting villages, running hospitals and training centres, conducting awareness workshops, bringing about a positive change at the community level, providing employment to masses. It’s time to acknowledge the role of the corporate sector as a change agent in social development and welcome such developmental activities through the creation of win-win partnerships. Human development is also at the core of the government’s development agenda, it is for the government to establish incentives and encourage industry to come up with new developmental models that address issues like manpower shortages, infrastructural deficiencies in hitherto remote areas and civil society concerns relating to costs and quality of services. Uttar Pradesh not only has a large spread of industry but is also the source of captive workforce. This must be seen as an endowment for reaching out to the masses, thus instead of imposing financial contributions on corporates its capacity, reach and expertise should be leveraged through effective partnerships. There is a need for mechanisms that can streamline the public funds in the social sector through partnerships that align the multi-dimensional impact and social behaviour of the corporates, and together endorse a constructive role in the pursuit of the goals of human development. In order to push the development agenda in a mission mode, it is recommended that realistic and operational models of engagement between the Government and the corporate sector are jointly explored and addressed. The era of globalization where India transformed itself to ‘India Inc’, also saw a multi-faceted development in the presence and impact of corporates. Today, the role of corporates doesn’t only involve provision of goods and services but has grown to become the source of livelihood, empowerment and community development. This research paper focuses on how the private business houses have established deep rooted relations with the community and how this may be seen as a potential partner for using the public funds in an effective way.
Relation between Need for Cognition & Ad Skepticism among Young Consumers
Authors: Joshi Pradeep
Published: May 2016

Today’s market is full of products & a number of sources are providing information about these products. With the increasing number of sources of information, consumer is getting skeptical about truthfulness of information provided by these sources. As mentioned in earlier studies this skepticism also varies among the consumers depending upon their age, gender & personalities. This study correlates the need for cognition among the young consumers & the skepticism towards advertisement in them.
Empowering Organizations
Authors: Chitranshi Dr. Jaya
Published: May 2016

The evolutionary and revolutionary changes in the world scenario, in terms of liberalization, privatization and globalization have caused enormous turmoil and have shaken economic and political power structures. Shrinking boundaries have not only increased competition but also have raised customer expectations. The need is being felt world over, to raise standards and improve performance to achieve competitive advantage and organizational effectiveness. Human resource has been identified as a scarce and valuable economic resource to meet the organizational ends. Changing demographic profile of human resource has changed its need, expectations and aspirations from the workplace. People all over the world are asserting their demands to be recognized, valued and consulted. This insistence has shaken the organizations from their slumber, and now they are striving to shift from Hamstrung to empower organizations, by changing the meaning of control, using Situational Leadership II and Partnered performance by using the model of PRICE and evaluating team-performance on the basis of the acronym of PERFORM.
Application of People Capability Maturity Model in I.T Industry
Authors: Tripathi Padma
Published: May 2016

The present study was conducted to examine the implementation of PCMM in the Indian IT Industry by analyzing the perceptions of managers regarding the reasons for PCMM implementation, people related issues and benefits of PCMM. The objectives of the study were to gain a conceptual understanding of PCMM, to examine the methods and application of PCMM in IT industry and to gain an overview of the dissemination of PCMM on organizational field by focusing on the implementation of PCMM in organizations, and its impact on the effectiveness of people management and the overall business. Based on the findings of literature review a questionnaire was developed using Google Docs. Subjects of this study were managers belonging to middle and higher managerial positions of various IT companies with PCMM certification ranging from Level 2 to Level 5. The data collected was then analyzed using statistical tools like SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The survey brought out that the reasons for PCMM certification do not vary significantly across IT companies. The Level of PCMM to which an employee’s organization belonged had a significant impact on his/her perception of factors leading to success of IT projects. Reducing turnover was rated as the most prevalent issue followed by overcoming low morale and burnout, and identifying competencies. Integrating workforce development with process improvement was ranked as the most important benefit of PCMM implementation.
An Empirical Study of Store Choice Model: An Endogenous Construct
Authors: Shrivastava Prof. Amit , Pare Prof. Sushil Kumar , Singh Prof (Dr) Saumya
Published: May 2016

Inadequate is the empirical research on store choice model in view of retail store attributes with endogenous construct of store patronage intention of consumer. Conventional wisdom and social science research-based insights for underpinning the design of store environment established elements such as music, scent, crowding and physical attractiveness of the store. Earlier empirical findings lack on key anterior, which include consumers’ time and effort as well as the psychological costs such as convenient, economical, risk mitigated shopping experience. The premise on which overall effects in our model rests, is that store attributes influence consumers' cognitive process and develop perceptual framework of store choice criteria — namely, convenience, reputation of outlet, branded merchandise (mediated through perceived quality). This research presents a formal test of the linear regression equation model in the context of store choice behaviour, involving one product category. The present paper explores these attributes and their affect on consumer from different socio-economic classes, willingness to purchase and to patronize if these factors are modified. Questioning the earlier conclusions that all attributes aforementioned are equally important in consumer decision making, the current results indicate that consumers place differential significance on each attribute, and the level of significance placed on each attribute varies with different socio economic class. These findings are significantly important to the retail industry as they identify the critical attributes responsible for building consumer choice and patronage among different socio economy classes. This model also paves way for another premise of empirical research, that shoppers might develop category-wise store choice or patronage behaviour model.
Effective Customer Support System of Life Insurance Companies
Authors: Srivastava Rajesh , Sharma Dr. Preeti
Published: May 2016

Increased competition, new technologies and the shift in power from the provider to the customer have produced unrelenting pressure on life insurance business. The market forces point to one overwhelming strategic imperative: customer-focused strategy. Customers are willing to build long-term relationships based on trust and mutual respect with firms that provide a differentiated and personalized service offering. Over the past few years, life insurance industry responded to intensified competition and high customer attrition by entering each other’s markets to capture greater “wallet share” and ostensibly lower their economies of scale. The service delivery process is influenced by quality of personnel, information technology, internal processes, human resource practices, and even an institution’s own change orientation. Now a day’s customers are demanding seamless, multi-channel sales and service experiences. Simultaneously, other players are looking for opportunities to invade this space or to redefine it through disruptive innovation. The result is forcing life insurance companies to examine a more balanced, integrated approach to the customer experience and growth. This research, we analyze the need, preference and satisfaction of customers in life insurance business and provide perspective on how to improve the customer experience.
Revisiting Stock Market Efficiency -A Theoretical Perspectives
Authors: Prakash Dr. A. Shanker , Sahu Professor (Dr.) Dhananjay
Published: May 2016

The study of behaviour of stock prices and information dissemination plays an important role in the development of stock market and to ensure effective allocation of capital to the most productive sectors of economy. It is particularly, more sensitive in the context of Indian Economy being a developing one and there is immense need to boost the economic process by accumulating resources from private sectors. It is well documented in the financial literature that private sector flourishes in the presence of efficient capital market. In this study a rigorous attempt was put forth to find whether the trading activities in the stock markets are satiable to counter the informational impact on share price by different researches and also to further instigate the new folds needed for conducting research in extended manner. There are numerous studies available to address the level of efficiency pertaining to the stock market, though this study is intended to cover the most influential available literature.