bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy complicated by vitreous hemorrhage from a molecular point of view
Authors:   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Yusef Y. , Petrachkov D.V. ,   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Baryshev K.V. ,   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Purpose. To identify changes in the concentration of molecular biomarkers in the vitreal cavity after early 25 Ga vitrectomy in patients with PDR complicated by vitreous hemorrhage in the early postoperative period. Material and methods. 15 patients (15 eyes, 10 women, 5 men) suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by PDR. Average age 60.1 ± 9.5 years, diabetes experience 18.4 ± 5.4 years, glycated hemoglobin content 6.2 ± 2.8 %. Visual acuity before surgery was 24 ± 6 letters on the ETDRS scale. The indication for vitrectomy in all cases was partial or total vitreous hemorrhage lasting 1 month. During surgery and 1 month after surgery, the contents of the vitreal cavity were collected and the content of 48 molecular biomarkers (FGF basic, Eotaxin, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-1α, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-12 (p40), IL-16, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, GRO-α, HGF, IFN-α2, LIF, MCP-3, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MIG, β-NGF, SCF, SCGF-β, SDF-1α, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PDGF-BB, RANTES, TNF-α, VEGF, CTACK, MIF, TRAIL, IL-18, M-CSF, TNF-β) was determined using the multiplex method using the standard 48-plex test system Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Cytokine Screening, 48-Plex (Bio-Rad) on an immunoanalyzer Bio-Plex 200 System (Bio-Rad). Results. A statistically significant decrease in some of the studied biomarkers was revealed: CTACK, HGF, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-18, M-CSF, SCF, SCGF-β, SDF-1α. Conclusions. Early vitrectomy has a positive effect on the profile of molecular biomarkers in patients with PDR complicated by vitreous hemorrhage, especially on the inflammatory component, which may have a beneficial effect on the further course of DR. However, the role of some factors in the pathogenesis of DR is not completely clear, which requires further research in this area. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, molecular biomarkers, multiplex analysis
Possibilities of using intraocular correction with complex optics in patients with epimacular fibrosis
Authors:   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Yussef Y. , Petrachkov D.V. ,   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gubzhokova D.M. ,   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Matyushenko A.G. ,   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Plyukhova A.A. ,   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Baryshev K.V. ,   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Alkharki L. ,   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Еpimacular fibrosis (EMF) occupies one of the leading positions in the structure of retinal surgical diseases. Vitreoretinal surgeons often face the necessity to perform combined surgical intervention in patients with native lens. Multifocal IOLs and IOLs with complex optics are strongly contraindicated for implantation in patients with macular pathology. However, not so long ago the ophthalmologic world was presented with an innovative method of presbyopia correction using EDOF IOLs (Extended depth-of-focus). Purpose. To study the use of intraocular correction with complex optics in patients with epimacular fibrosis. Material and methods. 14 patients of different genders with clinically significant EMF and initial cataract were included in the study. Patients underwent combined surgery including phacoemulsification (PEK) with implantation of EDOF IOL (Synthesis+ (Cutting Edge), France) and subsequent standard vitrectomy surgery. All patients underwent standard ophthalmologic examination before surgery and one month after surgical treatment. Results and discussion. We found that the distance vision after one month had a significant increase. Determination of IEP at the middle distance also recorded an increase. We recorded a statistically significant increase in the RPE at close distance visometry, which is probably explained by the elimination of central opacity of the own crystalline lens, preventing the ability of clear focusing of vision in the presence of presbyopic refraction. Keywords: epimacular fibrosis, facovitrectomy, EDOF, presbyopia, cataract, IOL
Treatment and prophylaxis the vitreoretinal hemorrhages of various etiology
Authors:   Central Psychiatry Clinic of Moscow Region. Moscow, Russian Federation, Makarov I.A.
Published: June 2024

Retinal hemorrhages, varying in area of damage and localization in the fundus, are the result of many diseases. Studying the etiology of retinal hemorrhages will allow developing more effective methods of prevention and treatment. Purpose. To study the prevalence of retinal hemorrhages in individuals with rhinological pathology. Material and methods. 1332 people were examined as part of the annual medical examination of civil servants. In addition to routine research ophthalmologist methods, a questionnaire was developed with questions regarding the presence of possible causes of retinal hemorrhages. Results. Traces of peripapillary hemorrhages were diagnosed in 128 eyes (9.5 %). Among them, in 24 people (18.4 %), traces of hemorrhages were in two eyes, while in one eye the size of changes in the peripapillary retina was larger. Hemorrhages were presented in the form of black blood clots or areas of intense black pigmentation in the peripapillary region around the optic disc. The prevalence of hemorrhages ranged from 1 hour to half the diameter of the optic disc and more. Vitreoretinal hemorrhages among all the examined individuals were found on the periphery of the fundus in 11 patients. These patients did not make any complaints, their visual acuity did not change. With the help of a specially designed questionnaire, the causes of hemorrhages were clarified. It was found that in 58,6 % of cases, rynologic pathology was a possible cause, including COVID-19, acute respiratory viral infections, vasomotor rhinitis, curvature of the nasal septum. Other causes include hypertension, prolonged use of anticoagulants, trips to other climatic regions, power sports, intestinal disorders, general anesthesia during surgery. Myopia of medium and high degree was diagnosed in 13.2 %. Conclusions. The point of view is expressed that successive links of pathogenesis in the form of phenomena Valsalva follow nasal breathing disorders is the most common cause of retinal hemorrhages. Keywords: peripapillary hemorrhage, COVID-19, nasal breathing disorder, phenomena Valsalva
Differential diagnosis of central neuroepithelial detachment associated with optic disc pit: two clinical cases
Authors:   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Petrachkov D.V. , Telyatov B.A. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Korobov E.N. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Fedoruk N.A. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Optic disc pit is a congenital, rare anomaly that represents a limited depression in the optic disc. A rather frequent complication of this pathology is detachment of neuroepithelium in the central zone, which occurs due to fluid infiltration into the subretinal space and causes a decrease in visual acuity. Modern methods such as optical coherence tomography and fluorescence angiography are used for diagnosis. Treatment of this pathology is only surgical and all known methods are aimed at stopping the seepage of fluid from the optic disc pit. It is also necessary to perform differential diagnostics of central detachment of neuroepithelium associated with optic disc pit. Purpose. To demonstrate an approach to the differential diagnosis of central detachment of neuroepithelium associated with optic disc pit on the basis of two clinical cases. Material and methods. This article presents two clinical cases: neuroepithelial detachment associated with optic disc pit and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Results and discussion. Comparison of the two clinical cases revealed similarities in ophthalmoscopic pattern and differences on OCT and FAG images. Conclusion. Fluid accumulation under neuroepithelium is not a pathognomonic sign, therefore it is important to perform differential diagnosis in central serous retinal detachment associated with optic disc pit. Keywords: optic disc pit, neuroepithelial detachment, differential diagnosis
Assessment of macular microblood flow and subfoveal choroidal thickness in patients with various stages of chronic ischemic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography-angiography
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Tuzlaev V.V. , Kolenko O.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk,   Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federatio,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Vasiliev A.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Breev D.V. ,   Federal Center Cardiovascular Surgery Federal State Budgetary Institution, Khabarovsk
Published: June 2024

Purpose. Assessment of macular microvasculature and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in patients with various stages of chronic ischemic retinopathy (CIR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Material and methods. The study included 54 patients (54 eyes) with manifestations of CIR in one eye. To assess the microcirculation of the macula, OCT-A was performed (RtVue xR Avanti, Optovue, Inc., USA). The parameters of microblood flow were studied: the area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ, mm²), superficial choroid plexus (SCCP, %), superficial deep choroid plexus (SDCP, %), SFCT (µm). Results. Mild severity of CIR was characterized by a decrease in SCCP by 10.3 % and SDCP by 10.1 %, with a moderate degree by 19.7 % and 14.6 %, with a severe degree by 31.9 % and 31.5 %. The FAZ area increased: with a mild degree by 23.1 %, with a moderate degree by 38.1 %, with a severe degree by 58.2 %. SFCT in mild cases of CIR was reduced by 9.9 %, in moderate cases by 22 %, and in severe cases by 28.5 %. Conclusion. The OCT-A method is promising in the study of microblood flow and SFCT in patients with varying degrees of CIR. Keywords: chronic ischemic retinopathy, ocular ischemic syndrome, stenosis of the internal carotid artery, optical coherence tomography-angiography
Effectiveness of antivasoproliferative therapy in patients after submacular hemorrhage surgery
Authors:   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bosov E.D. , Fayzrakhmanov R.R. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bogdanova V.A. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation, Karpov G.O. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kalinin M.E. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Purpose. To evaluate the morphofunctional parameters of the retina after antagonists of Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in patients with an active form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) after minimally invasive surgical treatment of submacular hemorrhages (SMH). Material and methods. In a prospective study based on the Center of Ophthalmology of NMHC named after 85 people with an active form of AMD were included in Pirogov (Moscow). The average age of the patients was 71.3 ± 8.5 years, including 48 women aged 61 to 82 years and 37 men aged 74 to 78 years. Results. In this study, the choice of the “treat and extend” strategy is justified by a smaller number of intravitreal injections compared to a fixed one, which gives similar results of visual functions. Conclusion. Preservation of the vitreous body during vitreoretinal intervention allows you to adhere to the “treat and extend” mode without reducing the inter-injection interval. Keywords: submacular hemorrhage, tissue plasminogen activator, pneumodislocation
The use of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection in peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (clinical case)
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Glok M.A. , Stanishevskaya O.M. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Dmitriev D.D. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Cherepanova D.L. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch
Published: June 2024

Peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR) is a rare condition characterized by retinal and choroidal changes observed in the periphery of the fundus. Most cases are asymptomatic. Due to the dark color and prominence of the retina in the periphery, this disease is often mistaken for choroidal melanoma. Material and methods. This article presents a clinical case report of a patient, a 77-yearold female, presented with sudden vision deterioration in her left eye and was diagnosed with PEHCR. Standard ophthalmic examinations including visual acuity, tonometry, ophthalmoscopy, spectral optical coherence tomography, ultrasonography, color Doppler imaging, and fluorescein angiography were performed. Following diagnosis, the patient received intravitreal injections of brolucizumab for treatment. Results. Significant improvement was observed in the patient's condition following antiVEGF therapy, with reduced retinal thickness and intraretinal cystic cavities in the macular region, as well as decreased neovascular membrane activity. Repeat injections further improved the patient's visual acuity and reduced peripheral retinal changes. Conclusion. PEHCR is a rare disease of the peripheral retina and choroid, which is often asymptomatic but can mimic serious life-threatening diseases, so it is important to correctly diagnose this disease using a multimodal approach to avoid misdiagnosis and determine treatment strategies. Keywords: peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy, pseudomelanoma, аntivascular endothelial growth factor
Clinical assessment of frequency and nosological structure of the posterior eye segment’s pathology
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian  Federation, Emanova L.P. , Kolenko O.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian  Federation,   Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Danilova L.P. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian  Federation, Storozhilova D.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian  Federation, Zhayvoronok N.S. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian  Federation, Golota L.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian  Federation
Published: June 2024

Purpose. Clinical assessment of frequency and nosological structure of the posterior eye segment’s pathology. Material and methods. Using a continuous sampling method, 235 patients with posterior eye segment’s pathology were selected, who underwent examinations and courses of treatment in our clinic in the period from 2021 to 2023. Results. In 47 patients with uveitis, the presence of concomitant diseases was revealed: ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and toxoplasmosis. Biomicroscopy of the posterior eye segment of patients with posterior uveitis revealed the presence of inflammatory cells and protein in the vitreous cavity, grayish-yellow prominence foci in the macular zone of various sizes and configurations, hyperemia of the optic disc (OD), and newly formed vessels on OD in 5 patients, macular edema. In 45 patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), the following concomitant diseases were identified: coronary heart disease in 22 people (49 %), hypertension in 20 people (44 %), sickle cell anemia in 2 people (4.5 %), giant cell arteritis in 1 person (2.5 %). Conclusions. 1. The structure of the posterior eye segment’s pathology of patients undergoing treatment in the conservative treatment department included uveitis of various localizations and AION. 2. In almost 93 % of patients with AION, the presence of concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system is confirmed, which corresponds to literature data. Keywords: posterior eye segment’s pathology, uveitis, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Combined surgical intervention for congenital glaucoma in children with concomitant lens pathology
Authors:   Russian Сhildren's Clinical Hospital of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Kuznetsova Y.D. , Astasheva I.B. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Lesovoy S.V. ,   Russian Сhildren's Clinical Hospital of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Salmasi Z.M. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Balashova L.M. ,   NP International Scientific and Practical Center for Tissue Proliferation, Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the percentage of early manifestations of congenital glaucoma in children with anomalies of the anterior segment of the eye has increased. The tactics of surgical treatment of this form of glaucoma, especially with combined pathology of the lens, is an urgent problem in pediatric ophthalmic surgery. Purpose. To determine the optimal tactics and analyze the results of surgical treatment of congenital glaucoma in eyes with anomalies of the anterior segment of the eye, combined with abnormalities of the lens development. Material and methods. For 2018–2023 we operated on 27 people (43 eyes) with congenital glaucoma in eyes with concomitant congenital lens pathology. All children underwent combined surgical interventions (vitreal and anthralaucomatous surgery) in one or more stages. Results. As a result of surgical treatment, a positive effect on IOP compensation was achieved in 88,4 % of cases (38 eyes). Conclusions. In case of pathology of the anterior segment of the eye in combination with pathology of the lens, surgical intervention is necessary in the early stages of identifying Intraocular pressure decompensation. Сombined operations are effective: vitreal surgery (reconstructive surgery on the anterior segment) and antiglaucomatous operations of the fistulizing type. Keywords: congenital glaucoma, congenital lens pathology, combined operations
The incidence of inflammatory diseases of the accessory apparatus of the eye among children and adolescents with tuberculosi
Authors:   Andijan State Medical Institute, Mamatkhujaeva G.N.
Published: June 2024

Pathology of the accessory apparatus of the eye is widespread among children and adolescents and remains one of the most pressing problems of pediatric ophthalmology. This article provides information on the occurrence of inflammatory diseases of the accessory apparatus of the eye in children and adolescents with tuberculosis. Studies have shown that the most common pathology of the accessory apparatus of the eye in children and adolescents with tuberculosis was blepharitis and chronic conjunctivitis, which amounted to 45.9 ± 1.2 %. The detection rate of blepharitis was 25.7 ± 1.1 %, the incidence of chronic conjunctivitis among children and adolescents with tuberculosis was 20.0 ± 1.0 %. Inflammatory diseases of the accessory apparatus of the eye can cause many complications and reduce the quality of life in children and adolescents with tuberculosis. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out timely diagnosis, treatment and prevention of complications of these diseases. Keywords: blepharitis, chronic conjunctivitis, incidence, children, adolescents, tuberculosis
Morphological features of the macula in children
Authors:   State Autonomous Healthcare Institution Orenburg Regional Clinical Hospital named after V.I. Voynov, Orenburg, Russian Federation, Naidenova S.I.
Published: June 2024

With the development of modern technologies, diagnosing genetic diseases is not very difficult. The main difficulty is the assumption of the presence of a mutation when there are no ophthalmoscopic signs or functional disorders. Fundamental research into the morphology of the posterior pole of the eyeball in children has serious applied significance. Detection of the disease in the early stages allows young patients to receive high-quality and timely treatment, maintaining a high quality of life. Purpose of the study: to identify the morphological features of the macula in children. A retrospective analysis of optical coherence tomography materials was carried out on 24 children aged 4 to 12 years (average age 9.1 ± 2.5 years). All children had high visual functions; there were no hereditary eye diseases in their parents or family. The study was carried out on an Optovue RTVue XR Avanti Sistem device using standard Retina Map and 3D Retina programs. Conclusions: Intravital anatomy of the posterior pole of the eyeball can be qualitatively and quantitatively described using optical coherence tomography. With increasing age, the thickness of the retina in the central zone of the macula increases, and in the area of the retinal eminence decreases. The anatomical shape of the macula area does not change throughout childhood. Keywords: macula, human anatomy, age characteristics, individual approach
Outcomes of intravitreal hemorrhages in newborns
Authors:   State autonomous health institution of the Arkhangelsk region Arkhangelsk Clinical Ophthalmic Hospital, Revta A.M.
Published: June 2024

Intravitreal hemorrhages are observed in 0.1–0.4 % of newborns, depending on the degree of maturity. Risk factors for intravitreal hemorrhages are rapid childbirth, obstetric benefits, general somatic and syndromic pathology. The article describes three cases of congenital hemophthalmos outcomes. In the long term, myopia, astigmatism, strabismus, retinal underdevelopment, the formation of epiretinal fibrosis, progressive vitreoretinal proliferation and traction retinal detachment were observed in children. Traditional therapy of hemophthalmos in newborn is ineffective. In severe cases, early vitrectomy is recommended. Children with a history of intravitreal hemorrhages are subject to longterm observation by an ophthalmologist. Keywords: intravitreal hemorrhages, newborns, hemophthalmos outcomes
Combined cataract and glaucoma surgery in eyes with ciliary ligamentous weakness
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sorokoletov G.V. , Kolysheva O.S. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Arisov A.A. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Luybimova T.S. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Purpose. To demonstrate the effectiveness of single-step phacoemulsification of cataracts and antiglaucoma surgery in conditions of weakness of the zonular apparatus. Methods. Patient N., 67 years old, came to S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution (Moscow) with complaints of decreased vision, increased intraocular pressure (IOP), and narrowing of the fields of view of the right eye. The diagnoses: OD Primary open-angle glaucoma 3v, Subluxation of the lens grade 1 OS Primary open-angle glaucoma 1a, OU Complicated cataract, Pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Carried out: autorefractokeratometry, visual acuity testing, computerized perimetry, biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, pneumotonometry, tonometry according to Maklakov, optical biometry. Considering the weakness of the lens zonules, the method of fixation of the intraocular lens (IOL) by optic capture technique was used. Results. Examination and evaluation one week post-operation: Visus 0.6 unc, IOP (pneumotonometry) 11 mmHg without hypotensive therapy; biomicroscopy: a calm eye with a well-expressed filtration bleb at the 12 o’clock position, well-adapted sutures, a transparent cornea of average depth, clear aqueous humor, moderate iris atrophy, round 3 mm pupil with pseudophakia at the pupil’s edge, IOL located in the capsular bag with haptics in the iridociliary groove, stable positioning. Fundus examination shows a pale optic nerve head, excavated with 0.8 cup-to-disc ratio, well-defined borders, narrowed vessels. Macular region appears normal. Conclusion. Combined cataract and glaucoma surgery in a patient with subluxated crystalline lens using the «optic capture» technique and Non-penetrating Glaucoma Surgery allowed preserving the correct and stable position of the IOL with normalization of intraocular pressure without the need for hypotensive therapy during a 1-year follow-up period. Key words: one-stage surgery, primary angle-closure glaucoma complicated by cataract, «optic capture»
The first experience of subthreshold nanosecond laser treatment for intermediate age-related macular degeneration
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Doga A.V. , Volodin P.L. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Klepinina O.B. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Jaber A.N. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Purpose. To present a clinical case of the first experience of subthreshold nanosecond laser treatment for an intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods. A 70-year-old patient T. diagnosed with intermediate AMD, underwent subthreshold nanosecond laser exposure using a 2RT device (Ellex, Australia). The patient underwent multimodal diagnostics, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, fundus ophthalmoscopy, short-wave and infrared autofluorescence, infrared light imaging, multispectral laser scanning and optical coherence tomography at the baseline, 1- and 3-month follow-up. Results. No significant changes were observed at 1-month follow-up. 3 months after 2RT, the patient noted a subjective improvement in the contrast and quality of vision, while BCVA increased from 0.7 to 0.8. When performing OCT scans in followup mode, the disappearance of a number of large confluent drusen in the area nasal to the fovea was noted. A decrease in retinal thickness was also observed in this area due to the resorption of large confluent drusen. The infrared imaging and autofluorescence showed no changes in retinal pigment epithelium and no appearance hypoautofluorescence of atrophic zones. Conclusion. The first experience of subthreshold nanosecond laser treatment of intermediate AMD revealed a potential positive functional and structural outcome in case of the presence of large confluent drusen. Further studies with a larger number of patients are needed. Key words: subthreshold nanosecond laser exposure, age-related macular degeneration, confluent drusen
On-Demand Reverse Design of Polymers with PolyTAO
Authors: Qiu Haoke , Sun Zhao-Yan
Published: June 2024

The forward screening and reverse design of drug molecules, inorganic molecules, and polymers with enhanced properties are vital for accelerating the transition from laboratory research to market application. Specifically, due to the scarcity of large-scale datasets, the discovery of polymers via materials informatics is particularly challenging. Nonetheless, scientists have developed various machine learning models for polymer structure-property relationships using only small polymer datasets, thereby advancing the forward screening process of polymers. However, the success of this approach ultimately depends on the diversity of the candidate pool, and exhaustively enumerating all possible polymer structures through human imagination is impractical. Consequently, achieving on-demand reverse design of polymers is essential. In this work, we curate an immense polymer dataset containing nearly one million polymeric structure-property pairs based on expert knowledge. Leveraging this dataset, we propose a Transformer-Assisted Oriented pretrained model for on-demand polymer generation (PolyTAO). This model produces polymers with 99.27% chemical validity in top-1 generation mode (approximately 200k generated polymers), representing the highest reported success rate among polymer generative models. Additionally, the average R2 between the properties of the generated polymers and their expected values across 15 predefined properties is 0.96. To further evaluate the pretrained model's performance in generating polymers with additional user-defined properties for downstream tasks, we conduct fine-tuning experiments on three publicly available small polymer datasets using both semi-template and template-free generation paradigms. Through these extensive experiments, we demonstrate that our pretrained model and its fine-tuned versions are capable of achieving on-demand reverse design of polymers with specified properties, whether in semi-template generation or the more challenging template-free generation scenarios, showcasing its potential as a unified pretrained foundation model for polymer generation.
Ligand-controlled alteration of nuclear trajectories during photoinduced intersystem crossing in bis-meridional Fe(II) complexes
Authors: Ash Ryan , Zhang Kaili , Rankine Conor , Malme Justin , Penfold Thomas , Girolami Gregory , Vura-Weis Josh
Published: June 2024

The intersystem crossing dynamics of two bis-meridional iron(II) complexes are studied by femtosecond transient M-edge X-ray near edge absorption spectroscopy (XANES) with a tabletop high-harmonic extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectrometer. Visible-light photoexcitation of Fe(tpy)2(BF4)2 (where tpy = terpyridine) creates a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MCLT) state that decays in 170 fs to a metal-centered triplet state (3MC), followed by 38 fs decay by intersystem crossing to a metal-centered quintet (5MC). Coherent oscillations on the 5MC surface are observed as a modulation in the XANES spectrum with a frequency of 103 cm-1 and a spectral shape that is characteristic of the symmetric Fe-N stretch. These dynamics and spectra are similar to those previously observed for Fe(phen)32+ (phen = phenanthroline). In contrast, transient spectroscopy of Fe[(4-CF3)2bpca]2 (bpca= bis(2-pyridylcarbonyl)amide) reveals a lower-frequency 42 cm-1 coherent oscillation. Ligand field multiplet calculations combined with ab initio ligand field theory identify this oscillation as a ligand bending mode, highlighting the ligand field sensitivity of M-edge XANES. The activation of different vibrational modes in Fe(tpy)2(BF4)2 and Fe[(4-CF3)2bpca]2 is explained by mapping their excited-state potential energy surfaces using density functional theory. In the latter complex, the nuclear trajectory follows initial expansion along the Fe-Naxial coordinate until reaching the 3MC/5MC seam. After intersystem crossing, the quintet state is significantly displaced along the coordinate corresponding to the ligand rocking mode, which therefore dominates the subsequent trajectory.
Optimal control-based solid-state NMR cross-polarization between anisotropic nuclear spins
Authors: Jain Sheetal , Ray Shovik , Redrouthu Venkata S. , Equbal Asif
Published: June 2024

Cross-polarization (CP) is an indispensable part of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to enhance sensitivity and extract quantitative structural information. However, the most common versions of the CP experiments are susceptible to the presence of anisotropic interactions, including chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) and quadrupolar coupling (QC). Numerous materials and pharmaceutical compounds commonly contain isotopes, such as 19F with large CSA and 6/7Li, 23Na, 27Al, etc., with QC. Inter-nuclear spin correlation experiments can provide crucial local structural information using an efficient cross-polarization method. We introduce a new Optimal Control (OC) simulation generated pulse sequence for Optimal Polarization Transfer In Anisotropic Nuclear Spins (OPTIANS) aiming at 19F-7Li correlations essential for characterizing materials for batteries, heterogeneous catalysis, and many other applications. Numerical simulations showing an improved efficiency for 19F-7Li, 19F-23Na, 19F-27Al and 19F-13C polarization transfer compared to the standard CP are shown. Moreover, robustness against variations in the experimental parameters and the strength of the internal anisotropic interactions is demonstrated using simulations for 19F-7Li case. 19F-7Li polarization transfer experiments on a multi-metal fluoride (MMF) system validate the predictions of the simulations. A comparison with the standard CP experiment shows a gain of 50% in polarization transfer efficiency in the presence of large anisotropic spin interactions at 14.1 T.
Role of Alkyl Chain Linker in the Conformational Preferences of N-phenylalkylsquaramates and bis-N,N'-diphenylalkylsquaramides
Authors: Pandey Aman , Patwari G Naresh
Published: June 2024

The conformational space of small molecules can be exploited to deploy the hierarchical nature of the intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding and π-stacking in the crystal structures. Modulation of the conformational space was achieved by varying the alkyl chain length in N-phenylalkylsquaramates and bis-N,N'-diphenylalkylsquaramides, which were synthesized by condensation of dimethyl squarate with the corresponding phenyl alkylamines. In the crystal structures of these compounds, even though the catemeric N–H···O hydrogen bonding is the primary interaction and the hierarchy in the secondary interactions consisting of π-stacking and H···H bonding leads to a large variation in the molecular structures in the solid state.
Intermolecular Anionic Mixed-Valence and π-Dimer Complexes of Ortho-Pentannulated BisAzaCoroneneDiimides
Authors: David Arthur , Roger Maxime , Alévêque Olivier , Melnychenko Heorhii , Le Bras Laura , Allain Magali , Gapin Adèle , Canevet David , Ségut Olivier , Levillain Eric , Goujon Antoine
Published: June 2024

This study reports the serendipitous discovery of intermolecular anionic mixed-valence (MV) and π-dimer species in ortho-pentannulated BisAzaCoroneneDiimides (BACDs) during their electrochemical reduction in a non-aqueous solvent. A library of nitrogen-containing extended PDIs was synthesized via an aza-benzannulation reaction followed by a Pd-catalysed ortho-pentannulation reaction. Ortho-pentannulated BACDs revealed strong aggregation abilities in solution. Concentration-dependent UV-vis absorption spectra, variable temperature 1H NMR experiments, and atomic force microscopy coupled to molecular dynamics support their self-assembly into columnar aggregates. Cyclic voltammetry experiments in dichloromethane reveal prominent splitting of the first reduction wave, attributed to the formation of unprecedented intermolecular anionic MV and π-dimers in organic solvent. These species were thoroughly characterized by real-time spectroelectrochemistry, electrochemical simulations and theoretical calculations. Remarkably, this work underscores the tuneable nature of AzaBenzannulatedPerylene Diimides (AzaBPDIs) and BACDs, emphasizing their potential as a promising scaffold for designing supramolecular materials with long-range radical anion delocalization. The observation of this phenomenon provides insights into the fundamental behaviour of supramolecular organic semiconductors, thereby paving the way for the development of novel electronic devices and electron-deficient materials.
Synchronized Photoluminescence and Electrical Mobility Enhancement in 2D WS2 through Sequence-Specific Chemical Passivation
Authors: Li Zhaojun , Noumbe Ulrich , Berggren Elin , Nameirakpam Henry , Kimura Takashi , Asakura Eito , Gray Victor , Edvinsson Tomas , Lindblad Andreas , Kohda Makoto , Araujo Rafael , Rao Akshay , Venkata Kamalakar M.
Published: June 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting dichalcogenides hold exceptional promise as optoelectronic materials for next-generation electronic and photonic devices, as well as their hybrid circuits. Despite this potential, the pervasive presence of defects in 2D dichalcogenides results in carrier mobility and photoluminescence (PL) that fall significantly short of theoretical predictions. Although defect passivation offers a potential solution, its effects have been inconsistent. This inconsistency arises from the current materials and methods, which fail to achieve the desired binding chemistry and band structure engineering necessary to enhance optical and electrical properties simultaneously. In this work, we uncover new binding chemistry using a sequence-specific chemical passivation (SSCP) protocol based on 2-furanmethanothiol (FSH) and bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide lithium salt (Li-TFSI), which allows us to demonstrate a synchronized 100-fold enhancement in both carrier mobility and photoluminescence (PL) in WS2 monolayers. We propose a novel synergistic defect passivation mechanism, supported by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy (TA), Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our findings establish a new performance benchmark for the optical and electronic properties of WS2 monolayers, paving the way for the development of more efficient and sustainable 2D semiconductor technologies.
Probability distributions of phases I
Authors: Brosius Jan , Brosius Walter
Published: June 2024

This article presents the mathematical foundation for calculating PD's (probability distributions) for some set of phases needed for the structure determination of a crystal. We can obtain PD's of the phases that can contain N, or without N . A former paper [3] could only obtain PD's of the phases containing N . Here we have the two possibilities.
The multifaceted erdostein: facts on the desk. A review
Authors: Babak Sergey L. , Gorbunova Marina V. , Karnaushkina Mariia A.
Published: June 2024

Erdostein is a mucoactive agent belonging to the group of thiol drugs with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity against a number of major respiratory pathogens. After transformation in the liver, erdostein is metabolized to a compound with an open ring M1 (MET-1) having unique properties. In the RESTORE study (2022), it was confirmed that erdostein significantly reduces the risks of severe exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), reduces their duration, and reduces the number of hospitalizations with acute respiratory failure (ARF). The unique preventive properties of erdostein do not depend on the administration of inhaled (ICS) or systemic (SCS) corticosteroids to COPD patients, as well as on the level of eosinophilia in the blood. The results obtained contrast with the available therapy strategy, where thiol mucolytics are indicated in patients who do not use ICS-therapy and/or SCS-therapy. Moreover, this confirms the assumption about the use of erdostein in COPD patients as a drug for the phased withdrawal of ICS-therapy.
STAT3 inhibition recovers regeneration of aged muscles by restoring autophagy in muscle stem cells
Authors: Catarinella Giorgia , Bracaglia Andrea , Skafida Emilia , Procopio Paola , Ruggieri Veronica , Parisi Cristina , De Bardi Marco , Borsellino Giovanna , Madaro Luca , Puri Pier Lorenzo , Sacco Alessandra , Latella Lucia
Published: June 2024

Age-related reduction in muscle stem cell (MuSC) regenerative capacity is associated with cell-autonomous and non–cell-autonomous changes caused by alterations in systemic and skeletal muscle environments, ultimately leading to a decline in MuSC number and function. Previous studies demonstrated that STAT3 plays a key role in driving MuSC expansion and differentiation after injury-activated regeneration, by regulating autophagy in activated MuSCs. However, autophagy gradually declines in MuSCs during lifespan and contributes to the impairment of MuSC-mediated regeneration of aged muscles. Here, we show that STAT3 inhibition restores the autophagic process in aged MuSCs, thereby recovering MuSC ability to promote muscle regeneration in geriatric mice. We show that STAT3 inhibition could activate autophagy at the nuclear level, by promoting transcription of autophagy-related genes, and at the cytoplasmic level, by targeting STAT3/PKR phosphorylation of eIF2α. These results point to STAT3 inhibition as a potential intervention to reverse the age-related autophagic block that impairs MuSC ability to regenerate aged muscles. They also reveal that STAT3 regulates MuSC function by both transcription-dependent and transcription-independent regulation of autophagy.
Mecânica e Corpo Humano: desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta hipermídia para o estudo da dinâmica em ações naturais humanas
Authors: Souza Edvaldo , Ramos Jefferson
Published: June 2024

Calcular a velocidade com que um carro percorre a distância entre duas cidades, estimar o tempo necessário para um corpo em queda livre tocar o solo, ou observar a influência da Lua sobre o fenômeno das marés, são exemplos do cotidiano que facilmente nos faz lembrar da Física. Entretanto, não é comum se atentar para o fato de que as ações de movimento realizadas de forma natural pelo corpo humano, tais como levantar-se e caminhar, são também ações descritas pelas leis da Física. Este artigo descreve a criação de uma ferramenta de hipermídia construída para mostrar como a Física é capaz de explicar movimentos simples e cotidianos do nosso corpo. O desenvolvimento da ferramenta, construída com auxílio do software de edição e apresentação de texto PowerPoint, buscou explorar os recursos multimídia de navegação, som e imagem, para apresentação de questões e conteúdos, bem como a análise crítica de vídeos demonstrativos de ações naturais humanas, tais como sentar, correr e saltar. A observação e discussão de ações tão habituais a partir da hipermídia tem o potencial de nos proporcionar a constatação dos diferentes conceitos físicos usando o corpo humano como laboratório e, portanto, ampliar a capacidade de observar e refletir conceitos, ao passo que se busca entender o mundo a nossa volta.
Chinese Cognitive Patterns Influence the Reception and Interpretation of Foreign Literary Works
Authors: Yao Xiaochao , Zeng Yanming
Published: June 2024

This essay delves into the intricate relationship between Chinese cognitive patterns and the reception and interpretation of foreign literary works. Grounded in the multifaceted landscape of Chinese culture, including its philosophical underpinnings, linguistic nuances, and societal norms, the study explores how these cognitive patterns inform the reception, comprehension, and analysis of foreign texts within the Chinese cultural framework. Through a series of case studies, including examinations of works such as Jane Austen’s “Pride and Prejudice,” Franz Kafka’s “The Metamorphosis,” Gabriel García Márquez’s “One Hundred Years of Solitude,” Miguel de Cervantes’ “Don Quixote,” Hermann Hesse’s “Siddhartha,” Fyodor Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment,” and J.R.R. Tolkien’s “The Lord of the Rings,” the essay sheds light on the nuanced dynamics of cross-cultural literary reception and interpretation.
The Gilparrka site complex, Mithaka Country, southwest Queensland, Australia
Authors:   School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Australia, Habgood Phillip J. , Franklin Natalie R. ,   School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Australia, Wright Nathan ,   Faculty of Humanities, Arts, Social Sciences and Education, University of New England, Australia, Gorringe Josh ,   General Manager, Mithaka Aboriginal Corporation, Windorah Qld, Westaway Michael C. ,   School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Australia
Published: June 2024

This paper describes three archaeological sites in Mithaka Country in southwest Queensland, the Gilparrka site complex. Gilparrka Almira is dominated by engraved crescent motifs, and is surrounded by an extensive artefact scatter resulting from the exploitation of silcrete outcrops. The quality of the silcrete and the intensity of exploitation suggest that the material was redistributed through an extensive trade/exchange system. An engraved wavy line at Gilparrka Almira may represent a snake, recording an association with the travels of the Rainbow Serpent and reflecting the importance of the silcrete resource. Two culturally modified trees may be markers, also signifying the importance of the location.
Rock Art as an Indigenous Historical Tradition, Northern Vindhyas, India
Authors:   Department of History, Faculty of Social Sciences,Banaras Hindu University, Pratap Ajay
Published: June 2024

While the study of rock art has been conventionally the concern of prehistory, much of its content in the Northern Vindhyas, India, is in the historical period and requires a historical interrogation. While the early Holocene rock art here is contextually associated with non or semi-geometric microliths and can be regarded as Upper Palaeolithic, the more emphatic, extensive, and skilled rock art exposition is during the Mesolithic. Mesolithic North Vindhyan rock art also has more geometric microliths, large numbers of shelter-dwellings, prepared stone-floors, human and faunal remains, corded incised handmade mesolithic pottery, grinding stones and occasional and Iron Age tools. On the scarps, paintings of large antelopes, cattle, buffalo, elephants, rhinos, turtles, varanus, and smaller deer species dominate the Mesolithic, while neolithic-chalcolithic and Iron Age depictions contain more human figures, domesticated cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, and greater dress, hair-style, self-images, palm-prints, iron tools, three-dimensional perspectives, landscape simulations, superimpositions and narrative structure. Paintings show cognitively advanced choices in surface selection, the use of templates like three dimensionality, perspective, and movement, in the selection and narrative rendering of historically oriented themes. Inter-group, identity-based differences between the several groups inhabiting the uplands and their conflicts are also represented. Historically structured materials like pastoral corrals, stelae, memorial stones, historical sculpture, and Brahmi inscriptions contextual to rock art, are found in the valleys and the foothills. Early historic trans-Indian trade routes occur in the Vindhyas and these routes are dotted with early historic inscriptions in the Brahmi script and its variants like Mauryan, Siddhamatrika, Shankha, proto-Nagari and Nagari. Their symbolic unity and continuity with upland symbolic traditions are many. Distinctly medieval rock art includes themes like soldiers, flag marches, hunting, and elephant capture by feudal lords. The final period of north Vindhyan rock art is colonial when paintings made by indigenes of the area depict the looting of colonial horse-carts and buggies after which rock art declines and disappears.