bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer awareness and breast self-examination practice among women in the rural field practice area of a medical college, Karnataka
Authors: Jaswanth Swapna , A. C. Shyam , Manjunatha Shashikala
Published: March 2022

Background: Breast cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among women in the developing world, which is also highly amenable for prevention and treatment, with regular screening methods.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among rural women. A total of 516 women above 18 years, from rural field practice area, participated in the study. A predesigned semi-structured study instrument was used to collect the data through interview method.Results: Among the 516 participants, 285 (55%) have never heard of breast cancer, media (56%) was the commonest source of information about breast cancer, 444 (86%) of them never knew what breast self examination, and only 43 (8.3%) were ever taught on how to do BSE and 37 (7%) practiced BSE.Conclusions: There was a low level of awareness on breast cancer and BSE as well as low practice of BSE among women in rural area of Karnataka, hence there is a need to increase the level of awareness on breast cancer and practice of BSE through health education programme by integrating with primary health care facilities for appropriate care, treatment and referral.
Situation analysis of ‘institutionalized’ and ‘homeless’ elderly widows abandoned in India’s pilgrimage centres: insights into their living conditions and available infrastructural facilities
Authors: Kumari Ankita , Sekher T. V.
Published: March 2022

Background: India is known as a progressive country with multicultural heterogeneity, yet it is nevertheless firmly anchored in religious sentiments, traditional beliefs, and cultural conventions. Upon the demise of husband, some widows are often left destitute, ‘dispatched’ to religious places to spend the rest of their lives. This is a common practice in India, but in actuality, they are compelled to live in ‘homes’ meant for them, surviving on alms and charity.Methods: An exploratory cum descriptive design was used to understand the current living condition of institutionalized and homeless abandoned elderly widows in Vrindavan and Varanasi and to assess the current standard of infrastructural facilities of Old age homes sheltering these vulnerable group of population.Results: Most common facilities that were present in almost all the OAHs/shelter homes across the two cities was cots, mattresses, clothing and linens, hygiene and sanitation maintenance, common hall for visitors, doctors available on call, proper lightening etc. In spite of that, it was disclosed that about 39% of these institutionalized abandoned elderly widows were not satisfied and rated the quality of services and facilities being provided to them as ‘poor facilities’.Conclusions: With the growing incidence of elderly widows being abandoned in major cities and religious places, adequate OAHs/shelter homes in each district across all the states should be maintained for providing shelter, support and protection to the vulnerable destitute.
Percutaneous autologous bone marrow injection in the treatment of delayed union of long bone fractures after definitive fixation
Authors: Kar Ujjal , Gogoi Abhinab , Islam Zaheer Parveez
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess the results of percutaneous autologous bone marrow injection in the treatment of delayed union of long bone fractures after definitive fixation. It has been a gruelling job for the orthopaedic surgeons to deal with the delayed union after definitive fixation due to the lack of patient compliance for reoperation like classical bone grafting technique for delayed union and non-union, unfavourable fracture site morphology for external compression, post-operative surgical wound issues etc., The percutaneous autologous bone marrow injection is a reasonable choice in this scenario for the treatment of Delayed union of long bone fractures after definitive fixation.

The study was performed in the department of orthopaedics Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India for a period of 2 years from July 2019 to June 2021. A total of 23 patients were taken with delayed union of long bone fractures after definitive fixation. These 23 patients were treated with percutaneous autologous bone marrow injection and followed up for 6 months.

The results were evaluated on the basis of clinico-radiological criteria of union, and found to be excellent in 60.86% (14/23), good in 17.39% (4/23) and poor in 21.73% (5/23) cases.

The percutaneous autologous bone marrow injection provides cellular stimulation and promotes fracture healing without the necessity for opening the fracture site. Hence it is an effective method to bring about successful outcome of delayed union of long bone fractures after definitive fixation without adding any significant complication to the patient and the fracture site.
Surgical treatment of acetabular fracture
Authors: Jee Govind Mohan , Kumar Nitin
Published: March 2022

The kocher -Langenbeck approach is the best suited approach for reduction and fixation of acetabular fracture that require fixation through posterior approach and provides sufficient access to the majority of posterior based acetabular fracture. Accuracy of fracture reduction is the strongest predictor of clinical outcome in acetabular fixation surgery.

Twenty four patients with posteriorly based acetabular fracture were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using Kocher- Langenbeck incision. In our series, there were 11 posterior wall, 3 posterior column, 5 transverse, 2 posterior column and posterior wall and 3 transverse and posterior wall fractures. All the patients were in the age group of 30 to 45 years (mean age 38.5 years). Males dominated our series (n=18 i.e. 75%) and right side was more commonly involved in both the sexes (n=14 i.e. 58.33%). Road traffic accident was the leading cause (n=19 i.e. 79.16%). All the patients were operated achieving adequate stability and with utmost soft tissue care. Follow up radiograph were graded according to criteria developed by Matta J et al. A minimum follow up was two years.

Patient with accurate reconstruction (n =21 i.e. 87.50%) had good or excellent functional outcome while two patients (08.33%) with inaccurate reduction and one patient (04.16%) with poor reduction had fair and poor outcome respectively.

Despite relatively large number of possible complications Kocher–Langenbeck Approach is the best suited approach for posterior acetabular fracture.
Noticias del BID - Vol. 7 No. 1 - Marzo 1980
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: March 2022

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Online Optimization Application on Path Planning in Unknown Environments
Authors: Abed Mustafa S. , Lutfy Omar F. , Al-Doori Qusay F.
Published: March 2022

For autonomous mobile robots, determining the shortest path to the target is an indispensable requirement. In this work, two modifications of the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) method, which are called MGWO1 and MGWO2, are suggested for online path planning to make the mobile robot reach the goal using the shortest path and safely avoiding the obstacles in unknown environments. To avoid sharp curves, a cost function is derived using a path smoothing parameter and an integrated distance function. The results of the proposed approach are presented based on computer simulation in various unknown environments. A study was conducted to compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with those of other algorithms and the results indicated that the proposed GWO, MGWO1, and MGWO2 algorithms are competent in avoiding obstacles successfully including the local minima situation. Finally, the average enhancement rate in path length compared with Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO), GWO is 5.30%, MGWO1 is 5.52%, and MGWO2 is 7.44%.
Optimal Backstepping-FOPID Controller Design for Wheeled Mobile Robot
Authors: Euldji Rafik , Batel Noureddine , Rebhi Redha , Kaid Noureddine , Tearnbucha Chutarat , Sudsutad Weerawat , Lorenzini Giulio , Ahmad Hijaz , Ameur Houari , Menni Younes
Published: March 2022

A design of an optimal backstepping fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller for handling the trajectory tracking problem of wheeled mobile robots (WMR) is examined in this study. Tuning parameters is a challenging task, to overcome this issue a hybrid meta-heuristic optimization algorithm has been utilized. This evolutionary technique is known as the hybrid whale grey wolf optimizer (HWGO), which benefits from the performances of the two traditional algorithms, the whale optimizer algorithm (WOA) and the grey wolf optimizer (GWO), to obtain the most suitable solution. The efficiency of the HWGO algorithm is compared against those of the original algorithms WOA, GWO, the particle swarm optimizer (PSO), and the hybrid particle swarm grey wolf optimizer (HPSOGWO). The simulation results in MATLAB–Simulink environment revealed the highest efficiency of the suggested HWGO technique compared to the other methods in terms of settling and rise time, overshoot, as well as steady-state error. Finally, a star trajectory is made to illustrate the capability of the mentioned controller.
Stabilization of Three Links Inverted Pendulum with Cart Based on Genetic LQR Approach
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah Ibrahim , Alnema Yazen Hudhaifa Shakir , Thanoon Mohammad A.
Published: March 2022

This academic paper demonstrates the implementation of a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller design for optimal controlling a three connected links in an inverted pendulum form that attached to a moving cart to realize the stability of making a pendulum in a straight vertical line via translation of the cart left and right. To maintain a triple link inverted pendulum (TLIP) vertical, genetic algorithm has been employed to adjust and tune the parameters of LQR, which are the weighting matrices Q and R instead of the approach of try and error. In this article, a hybrid control algorithm (GA-LQR) proposed to select the optimal values of weighting matrices to overcome LQR design difficulties, which gives the best transient response requirements such as percentage overshoot and steady state error. The triple link inverted pendulum is model mathematically modelled in MATLAB platform to simulate the actual system where the results from the simulation gives acceptable and adequate performance of LQR controller in making the system stable.
Improving Depression Prediction Accuracy Using Fisher Score-Based Feature Selection and Dynamic Ensemble Selection Approach Based on Acoustic Features of Speech
Authors: Janardhan Naulegari , Kumaresh Nandhini
Published: March 2022

Depression affects over 322 million people, and it is the most common source of disability worldwide. Literature in speech processing revealed that speech could be used for detecting depression. Depressed individuals exhibit varied acoustic characteristics compared to non-depressed. A four-staged machine learning classification system is developed to investigate the acoustic parameters to detect depression. Stage one uses speech recordings from a publicly available and clinically validated dataset DAIC-WOZ. The baseline acoustic feature vector, eGeMAPS, is extracted from the dataset in stage two. Adaptive synthetic (ADASYN) is performed along with data preprocessing to overcome the class imbalance. In stage three, we conducted feature selection (FS) using three techniques; Boruta FS, recursive feature elimination using support vector machine (SVM-RFE), and the fisher score-based FS. Experimentation with various machine learning base classifiers like gaussian naïve bayes (GNB), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression (LR), and random forest classifier (RF) is performed in stage four. The hyperparameters of the classifiers are tuned using the GridSearchCV technique throughout the 10-fold stratified cross-validation (CV). Then we employed multiple dynamic ensemble selection of classifier algorithms (DES) with k=3 and k=5 utilizing the pool of aforementioned four base classifiers to improve the accuracy. We present a comparative study using eGeMAPS features against the base classifiers and the experimented DES classifiers. Our results on the DAIC-WOZ benchmark dataset suggested that K-Nearest Oracles Union (KNORA-U) DES with k=3 has superior accuracy using a subset of 15 features selected by fisher score-based FS than the individual base classifiers.
Application of Image Processing and Identification Technology for Digital Archive Information Management
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Xie Xiang
Published: March 2022

It is difficult to manually build a digital management system for archive information. This paper explores the application of image processing and identification technology for digital archive information management, trying to provide convenient and swift services to archive mangers and archive information requestors, and to strengthen the standardized management of archive information. Firstly, the authors summarized the difficulties in digitalizing paper archives, and explained how to correct the tilt of digital archives. Next, the adaptive histogram equalization was improved to realize high-quality digitalization of archive images. In addition, the image processing flow was explained for the digitalization of archive images, and the horizontal projection histogram was adopted to quickly extract and detect the archive image texts being digitalized. The proposed image processing approach was proved effective through experiments.
Classification of COVID-19 Cases from X-Ray Images Based on a Modified VGG-16 Model
Authors: Kareem Omar Sedqi , Al-Sulaifanie Ahmed Khorsheed
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 is considered one of the most deadly pandemics by the World Health Organization and has claimed the lives of millions around the world. Mechanisms for early diagnosis and detection of this rapidly spreading disease are necessary to save lives. However, the increase in COVID-19 cases requires not relying on traditional means of detecting diseases due to these tests’ limitations and high costs. One diagnostic technique for COVID-19 is X-rays and CT scans. For accurate and highly efficient diagnosis, computer-aided diagnosis is required. In this research, we suggest a convolutional neural network for chest x-ray images categorisation into two classes of infection: COVID-19 and normal. The suggested model uses an upgraded model based on the VGG-16 architecture that has been trained end-to-end on a dataset composed of X-ray images obtained from two different public data repositories, which include 1,320 and 1,578 cases in the COVID-19 and normal classes, respectively. This suggested model was trained and evaluated on the provided dataset and showed that our proposed model showed improved performance in the matter of overall accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score at 99.54%, 99.5%, 99.5%, and 99.5%, respectively. The system’s significance is supported because it has greater accuracy than other contemporary deep learning methods in the literature on COVID-19 identification.
Optimal Squeeze Net with Deep Neural Network-Based Arial Image Classification Model in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: M S Minu , R Aroul Canessane , S S Subashka Ramesh
Published: March 2022

In present times, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely employed in several real time applications due to their autonomous, inexpensive, and compact nature. Aerial image classification in UAVs has gained significant interest in surveillance systems that assist object detection and tracking processes. The advent of deep learning (DL) models paves a way to design effective aerial image classification techniques in UAV networks. In this view, this paper presents a novel optimal Squeezenet with a deep neural network (OSQN-DNN) model for aerial image classification in UAV networks. The proposed OSQN-DNN model initially enables the UAVs to capture images using the inbuilt imaging sensors. Besides, the OSQN model is applied as a feature extractor to derive a useful set of feature vectors where the coyote optimization algorithm (COA) is employed to optimally choose the hyperparameters involved in the classical SqueezeNet model. Moreover, the DNN model is utilized as a classifier that aims to allocate proper class labels to the applied input aerial images. Furthermore, the usage of COA for hyperparameter tuning of the SqueezeNet model helps to considerably boost the overall classification performance. For examining the enhanced aerial image classification performance of the OSQN-DNN model, a series of experiments were performed on the benchmark UCM dataset. The experimental results pointed out that the OSQN-DNN model has resulted in a maximum accuracy of 98.97% and a minimum running time of 1.26mts.
Recognition and Detection of Greenhouse Tomatoes in Complex Environment
Authors: Gao Guohua , Wang Shuangyou , Shuai Ciyin , Zhang Zihua , Zhang Shuo , Feng Yongbing
Published: March 2022

In the complex environment of greenhouses, it is important to provide the picking robot with accurate information. For this purpose, this paper improves the recognition and detection method based on you only look once v5 (YOLO v5). Firstly, adding data enhancement boosts the network generalizability. On the input end, the k-means clustering (KMC) was utilized to obtain more suitable anchors, aiming to increase detection accuracy. Secondly, it enhanced multi-scale feature extraction by improving the spatial pyramid pooling (SPP). Finally, non-maximum suppression (NMS) was optimized to improve the accuracy of the network. Experimental results show that the improved YOLO v5 achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 97.3%, a recall of 90.5%, and an F1-score of 92.0%, while the original YOLO v5 had a mAP of 95.9% and a recall of 85.6%; the improved YOLO v5 took 57ms to identify and detect each image. The recognition accuracy and speed of the improved YOLOv5 are much better than those of faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN) and YOLO v3. After that, the improved network was applied to identify and detect images take in unstructured environments with different illumination, branch/leave occlusions, and overlapping fruits. The results show that the improved network has a good robustness, providing stable and reliable information for the operation of tomato picking robots.
Infrared Thermal Image Enhancement in Cold Spot Detection of Condenser Air Ingress
Authors: Sathyan Neethu M , Karthikeyan Sashi Rekha
Published: March 2022

The cold spot identification approach is limited due to the lack of high-resolution infrared thermal images. To solve the problem, infrared thermal images are enhanced using several ways. To improve the thermal images for cold spot detection, researchers used CLAHE, the Canny edge detection method, and deep learning approaches based on denoising autoencoder. The comparison of several enhancement methods based on quality metric factors leads to the selection of the best method. The noise in the Infrared (IR) image is reduced by using a high-resolution autoencoder. The ability to convert a 32 × 32 infrared image to a 64 x 64 resolution image is demonstrated. This study presents an information visibility restoration technique that includes stacked Denoising Autoencoder (DAE) to improve anomalous areas in the condenser's infrared thermal images keeping in mind the current popularity of deep learning models in machine learning. The use of a deep learning autoencoder improves structural similarity index of the image, which is comprehensive. The structural similarity index of the image is improved when a deep learning autoencoder is used. In comparison to CLAHE and the Canny edge detection approach, substantial research indicates that the High-resolution autoencoder is best suited for IR image improvement. Thermal imaging, the suggested technique can improve anomalies without sacrificing crucial information when compared to the straight discriminant analysis.
Genesis and Properties of MOx/CNTs (M = Ce, Cu, Mo) Catalysts for Aerobic Oxidative Desulfurization of a Model Diesel Fuel
Authors: Matus Е.V. , Yashnik S.A. , Salnikov A.V. , Khitsova L.M. , Popova A.N. , Nikitin A.P. , Sozinov S.A. , Ismagilov Z.R.
Published: March 2022

Aerobic oxidative desulfurization of a model diesel fuel over MOx/CNTs catalysts (M = Ce, Cu, Mo) was studied to develop innovative technology for cleaning motor fuels to EURO-5 standard. It was shown that the thermal stability of catalysts improves in the following order of metal Сu < Сe < Мо. The disordering of the carbon matrix of support increases in the next row of M: Mo < Ce < Cu, which is accompanied by an increase in the specific surface area of the samples (40 → 105 m2/g). The forms of stabilization of the active component (CeO2, CuO/Cu2O/ Cu, or MoO3/MoO2) were revealed, indicating a partial reduction of the metal cations during the thermal decomposition of copper and molybdenum precursor compounds deposited on CNTs. In oxidative desulfurization of a model diesel fuel over MOx/CNTs catalysts at 150 °C the total conversion of dibenzothiophene increased in the next row of M: Се < Сu < Мо. It was found that at 150 °C over the optimum MoOx/CNTs catalyst the highest dibenzothiophene conversion 95–99% is observed. It was assumed that the high activity of MoOx/CNTs is associated with both the oxidizing ability and the tendency of MoOx to chemosorption of sulfur compounds.
Impact of technological change on security
Authors: Molendowska Magdalena
Published: March 2022

Purpose of the study: The object of the analysis is to assess the impact of technological change on security in both socio-economic and military contexts. The essence of the research is to show opportunities and threats resulting from the use of new technologies in the public (political, economic, social) and military space.

Methodology: The article was prepared based on critical analysis of literature and documents and uncontrolled observation method.

Main findings:  When analyzing the use and impact of new technologies in the area of security, the following key questions arise: Could new technologies create problems for arms control? Could a new weapon or its use trigger an arms race?  Could new technologies cause problems for people and the environment? In fact, technological change can have both positive and negative effects on security. Above all, it is important to realize that not using new technology is just as dangerous as using it. This applies to the development of economy, civilization and social progress. In the military area, it seems most dangerous to entrust control of nuclear arsenals to computer systems endowed with the ability to make decisions on their own.

Application of the study: Security forecasting based on the major variables emerging in today’s security environment.

Original/Novelty of the study: The subject matter is very current, we all participate in the identified problem. The use of new technology, on the one hand, helps make security more effective, but on the other, strikes fear and unease. The emerging fear of the rapid development and sophistication of artificial intelligence appear to be on a collision course with historical models of human uniqueness and individuality.
Digital Capacity
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Ural State Law University PhD (Law), Fetisov Aleksandr K.
Published: March 2022

The article examines the idea that a person with digital capacity is able to effectively realize the opportunities offered in the digital environment in the administration of justice by digital algorithms, in the near future — artificial intelligence. Of the full scope of the opportunities provided to the participants in the process of rights, the author dwells on the actions that the person is able to perform during the course of the case, depending on how the person realizes the right to enter into a legal relationship through the creation and use of a digital profile, as well as the potential participation of a representative involved in the process to ensure the assistance of the person involved in the process to implement the procedural rights in the forms of electronic services.
Актуальные проблемы и практические аспекты получения адвокатом сведений с помощью адвокатского запроса
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Temir-Bulatova Alfia A.
Published: March 2022

The article deal with questions, arising in law-enforcement practice while obtaining information through an attorney request. The author studied the question of requesting information classified by law and the borders of the term «classified by law». The problems of inadequacy of fines for non-provision of an answer for an attorney request as well as the longevity of a term for presenting the answer are also described as well as the judicial practice on the topic. Also, the author presented an opinion that the attorney is advised to address competent authorities for clarifications of certain articles of law, providing as an example a civilian firearm case.
Legal Issues of Regulation of Arrest as a Criminal Punishment Type and Its Implementation Prospects
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Procedure of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Avdeeva Ekaterina V.
Published: March 2022

The article describes the stages of arrest as a form of punishment in the current criminal code, the persons in respect of which appointment by the court of arrest is not allowed, the base replacement and the mechanism of implementation. On the basis of the norms of penal enforcement law, the procedure for keeping prisoners under arrest and the specifics of serving it is defined. The rules of serving the arrest of convicted military personnel, incentives and penalties are analyzed. The problems of implementation of arrest at the law enforcement level related to the imposition of punishment in the form of arrest, which entailed significant violations of the criminal law, are identified. The author reveals doctrinal research in Russian and foreign law in the sphere of arrest implementation, the advantages of this type of punishment over short-term imprisonment.
The Burden of Proving in the Criminal Procedure of the Main European States
Authors:   Junior Scientific Assistant of the Faculty of Training of Academic and Research Personnel of the Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Lisova Anna P.
Published: March 2022

The article contains a summary of the theoretical and legal aspects of foreign criminal procedure law (using the examples of Germany, France and Italy) related to the legal phenomenon of «burden of proof». Conclusions are formulated that: the criminal procedural law of these states assesses the legal phenomenon «the burden of proof» as an integral part of the principle of the presumption of innocence; the admissibility of the transfer of the burden of proof of certain circumstances of the criminal case from the prosecution to the defense is admitted, while the grounds and scope of such transfer vary from minimal (Germany) to fairly broad (France); the grounds for shifting the burden of proof are: the provision for this action by the criminal law or other special laws that establish criminal liability for the commission of certain unlawful acts; the formulation of the objective side of the crime by the criminal law in a way that implies the guilty commission of an act (for example, carrying a firearm or cold weapon without a permit); introduction into the criminal proceedings by the defense side of evidence favorable to the defendant, including the statement that the latter committed an act while in an unusual mental state or under unusual circumstances; unlike the prosecution, the defense generally fulfills the burden of proof in accordance with the «reasonable doubt» standard of the prosecution’s arguments.
Otsu ve Ridler-Calvard Görüntü İşleme Yöntemlerinin Zatürre Tespitinde Kullanılması
Authors: ÇELİK Ahmet , DEMİREL Semih
Published: March 2022

Görüntü piksel değerlerini siyah-beyaz renge dönüştürülmesi eşikleme (thresholding), görüntü işleme yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmektedir. Renkli bir görüntü griye dönüştürüldükten sonra siyah-beyaz görüntüye dönüştürülmektedir. Eşikleme sonunda görüntüler, en sade haline ulaşmaktadır. Eşik olarak kullanılacak değerin, doğru belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Eğer eşik değeri, çok yüksek veya düşük olursa görüntü üzerinde kayıplar meydana gelmektedir. Eşik değeri, kullanıcı tarafından belirlenebildiği gibi bazı algoritmalar yardımıyla otomatik olarak hesaplanarak da elde edilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, akciğer X-Ray görüntüleri üzerinde zatürre (pnömoni) varlığını tespit etmek için akciğer bölgesindeki beyaz piksel yoğunluğunun oranı tespit edilmiştir. Aralık 2019 da ortaya çıkmış olan Koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) vakalarında zatürre ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bundan dolayı yapılan çalışma litaratüre katkı sağlayabilecek durumdadır. Bu çalışmada, Otsu ve Ridler-Calvard algoritmalarıyla elde edilen eşik değerleri kullanılarak elde siyah-beyaz pikseller elde edilmiştir. Son aşamada, eşik değer sonuçlarıyla elde edilen beyaz piksel yoğunluğu hesaplanarak, zatürre varlığı tespiti gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, 50 tane sağlıklı, 50 tane de zatürre var olan, toplamda 100 tane akciğer X-Ray görüntüsü, rastgele olarak seçilmiştir. X-Ray görüntüleri, Kaggle depolama alanında açık kaynak olarak paylaşılan, veri setlerinden elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; iki algoritma kullanılarak test yapıldığında, sağlıklı akciğer görüntülerindeki, sınırlı alan içindeki beyaz piksel yoğunluğunu en yüksek %49,6 bulunmuştur. Zatürre var olan akciğerlerin görüntülerindeki, sınırlı alan içindeki beyaz piksel yoğunluğu ise en düşük %54,2 olarak elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, akıllı bir sistem tarafından X-Ray görüntüleri üzerindeki beyaz piksel yoğunlukları kıyaslanarak, zatürre varlığının tespit edilebileceği gösterilmiştir. Elde sonuçlara göre; gelecekteki çalışmalarda, beyaz piksel yoğunluk değerinin makine öğrenme algoritmalarında öznitelik verisi olarak kullanılabileceği görülmektedir.
Modernization of Natural Science Education in the Context of Teacher Training
Authors: Bilyk Valentyna , Udovychenko Iryna , Vysochan Lesia , Kyrylenko Kateryna , Stetsula Nadiia , Gvozdii Svitlana
Published: March 2022

The article states about the personal readiness of future psychologists to use the latest interactive and information technologies in order to improve natural science training in the framework of the integrative acquisition of professional competencies. For this purpose, the expediency of post-non-classical integration of the humanitarian and natural components in the field of psychology was investigated, the relevance of Coworking, BarCamp, and Workshop technologies was reasoned. The readiness of future psychologists to use these technologies after passing advanced training of scientific and scientific pedagogical personnel abroad has been studied using sociological methods. The purpose of the article is to clarify the presence of personal motivation for innovative, integrative, interactive and informational improvement of professional natural science competencies aiming to improve the transformational processes of higher education in Ukraine. A theoretical analysis of the modern natural-scientific training of future psychologists with the identification of promising aspects and a sociological analysis (survey) were chosen as research methods. The analysis showed the need for personal awareness and interactive and information-oriented education. The result of sociological research is the manifestation of divergence between the understanding of the need to use information and communication technologies and mainly personal obstacles to their use. The international significance of the article lies in the fact that its conclusions can be used in modeling innovative conditions for the advanced training of teachers of natural sciences in the countries of “late democracies”.
Podłużne badanie jakościowe doświadczenia wolontariuszy sprawujących opiekę nad pacjentami w ramach programu profilaktyki powikłań hospitalizacji osób starszych na oddziale chorób wewnętrznych – Projekt Zdrowy Kontakt
Authors: Kałwak Weronika , Bańbura Anna , Głowacz Oliwia , Kawa Klaudia , Knutelska Paulina , Opoczyńska-Morasiewicz Małgorzata , Górski Stanisław , Nowakowski Michał
Published: March 2022

Podłużne badanie jakościowe doświadczenia wolontariuszy opiekujących się pacjentami oddziału geriatrycznego szpitala chorób wewnętrznych zostało przeprowadzone w ramach Projektu Zdrowy Kontakt. Jest to pierwszy w Polsce i Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej program niefarmakologicznego zapobiegania majaczeniu szpitalnemu, które jest częstym powikłaniem hospitalizacji osób starszych. Wolontariuszami programu są studenci psychologii, pielęgniarstwa i medycyny, którzy odwiedzają chorych w szpitalu i realizują złożoną interwencję profilaktyczną. Badanie przeprowadzono, korzystając z podejścia idiograficznego, w formie cyklu interpretatywnych studiów przypadku. Z ośmiorgiem uczestników badania przeprowadzono po dwa częściowo ustrukturyzowane wywiady – przed rozpoczęciem wolontariatu i po jego zakończeniu. Celem powtórzonych rozmów było opisanie zmian, jakie mogły zajść w doświadczeniu, motywacji, przekonaniach i rozumieniu siebie przez studentów pod wpływem udziału w wolontariacie na oddziale geriatrycznym. W badaniu skorzystano z metody interpretatywnej analizy fenomenologicznej, analizę danych jakościowych przeprowadzono z pomocą oprogramowania Atlas.ti. W wyniku badania uzyskano złożone opisy indywidualnego doświadczenia badanych związanego z ich pracą na oddziale. Ujawniły się również motywy wspólne dla większości z nich. Do najpoważniejszych należy zetknięcie się z myślą o śmierci i próby nawiązania relacji z pacjentami, z którymi kontakt jest utrudniony z powodu zmian otępiennych, skutków udaru lub zaburzeń poznawczych i percepcyjnych występujących w majaczeniu szpitalnym. Związana z kontekstem geriatrycznym i wynikająca z profilaktycznego oraz behawioralnego charakteru interwencji trudność w dostrzeżeniu przez wolontariuszy efektów swojej pracy okazała się w największym stopniu zniechęcać ich do odwiedzin na oddziale. Najważniejszym wyodrębnionym w badaniu tematem jest relacja sfery osobistej i profesjonalnej w opiece nad pacjentami.

Uzyskany opis i próba zrozumienia doświadczenia studentów kierunków medycznych działających jako wolontariusze na oddziale geriatrycznym może posłużyć jako punkt wyjścia do refleksji nad perspektywą personelu medycznego i możliwymi formami wsparcia chroniącymi go przed nadmiernym obciążeniem, stresem i wypaleniem zawodowym. Może być także źródłem inspiracji dla kształcenia przyszłych kadr medycznych.
Zagadka społeczeństwa terapeutycznego: historia, konteksty, praktyka
Authors: Andrzejewski Łukasz
Published: March 2022

Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą kontekstowej prezentacji i krytycznej analizy społeczeństwa terapeutycznego. Bazując na trzech zastrzeżeniach związanych z pracą Katie Wright, prezentuję zwięzłą historię idei społeczeństwa terapeutycznego w perspektywie zmian społecznych i kulturowych, począwszy od drugiej połowy lat 60., oraz przemian w obszarze zdrowia publicznego i polityki zdrowotnej. Główni teoretycy „zwrotu terapeutycznego”, Thomas Szasz, Philip Rieff i James L. Nolan, których prace stanowią główną inspirację dla Wright, postrzegają społeczeństwo terapeutyczne jako niepokojące zjawisko nierozerwalnie związane z kondycją amerykańskiej psychiatrii początków drugiej połowy XX wieku. W niniejszym artykule proponuję odmienne podejście od dominującego kanonu interpretacji, dlatego w drugiej części przedstawiam analizę fenomenu Prozacu, symptomatyczną dla zjawiska społeczeństwa terapeutycznego. Następnie, badając kontekst omawianego zjawiska, przywołuję koncepcję healthismu Roberta Crawforda. W czwartej części koncentruję się na problemie pozytywnej interpretacji społeczeństwa terapeutycznego w perspektywie koncepcji Health-in-All-Policies, stanowiącej udaną próbę redefinicji społecznego znaczenia zdrowia. W ostatniej części prezentuję Strategię walki z rakiem w Polsce 2015‒2024 jako przykład pozytywnej interpretacji społeczeństwa terapeutycznego, której podstawowy sens zasadza się na solidarności pomiędzy światem zdrowych a mniejszością ludzi chorych.
Prezentacje klasztorów i autoprezentacje mnichów na cysterskich stronach WWW – w stronę sekularyzacji semantycznej?
Authors: Jewdokimow Marcin
Published: March 2022

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę autoprezentacji mnichów i prezentacji klasztorów na stronach WWW prowadzonych przez cystersów. Analiza wizualna pokazuje, jakie narracje poza religijnymi wykorzystywane są do konstruowania przekazów o sobie. Główny wniosek z przeprowadzonych analiz brzmi: dyskurs o klasztorach ma zarazem wymiar religijny, jak i pozareligijny, co pokazuje skomplikowaną obecność religii w sferze publicznej. Nie jest więc tak, że klasztor jako instytucja religijna i mnisi jako wspólnota poddani są sekularyzacji jako procesowi wobec nich zewnętrznemu. Semantyczny wymiar sekularyzacji (sekularyzacja semantyczna) rozumiany jako dodawanie wymiaru sekularnego do wymiaru sakralnego staje się również ich sposobem wypowiadania się o sobie.
Powiązania familijno-majątkowe rodzin ziemiańskich Królestwa Polskiego i ziem zabranych na przykładzie małżeństw Rodryga hr. Potockiego i Augusta hr. Ostrowskiego z siostrami Niezabitowskimi
Authors: Staniszewska Aleksandra
Published: March 2022

Pomimo zmian jakie dokonywały się w XIX-wiecznych społeczeństwach, przedstawicieli elit nadal cechował konserwatywny światopogląd. Objawiał się on m.in. w niechęci do utrzymywania kontaktów z osobami spoza „towarzystwa”. Wskutek tego partnerów do zawarcia związku małżeńskiego poszukiwano w obrębie własnej warstwy. Ograniczone możliwości poznania kandydata/kandydatki do mariażu jedynie na terenie Królestwa Polskiego, a także rozproszenie majątków rodowych po ziemiach podzielonej Rzeczypospolitej, doprowadzały do zawierania związków ponadkordonowych, czego przykładem są małżeństwa, pochodzących z ziem zabranych, sióstr Niezabitowskich z Królewiakami: Rodrygiem hr. Potockim i Augustem hr. Ostrowskim.
Głębiny i płycizny. Rzecz o trudach syntetyzowania historii miasta (na marginesie książki Marcina J. Szymańskiego „Łódź na wodach dziejów. Biografia miasta”, Łódź 1920, ss. 320)
Authors: Śmiechowski Kamil
Published: March 2022

Historia miast stanowi obszar badawczy, w którym dochodzi do szeregu interesujących zjawisk, wymykających się klasycznej historiografii. Jednym z nich są „biografie miast”, czyli sposób pisania o ich przeszłości naśladujący biografie postaci historycznych. Próby napisania biografii Łodzi podjął się Marcin Szymański. W artykule niniejszym dokonano oceny czy badacz związany z Instytutem Historii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego dobrze wywiązał się z tego zadania. Przeanalizowano także miejsce książki M. Szymańskiego w literaturze poświęconej Łodzi i jej użyteczność jako źródła wiedzy o przeszłości miasta. Wskazano także mocne i słabe strony recenzowanej książki.
Encouraging integrated pest management uptake in horticultural crop production
Authors:   Associate District Extension Director and Urban Horticulture Extension Agent, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, USA, Samuel Norma R. , Liburd Oscar E. ,   University of Florida-Gainesville, USA
Published: March 2022

Despite integrated pest management (IPM) practices being taught and researched for over six decades, farmers' adoption of such practices has been limited. Integrated pest management is a comprehensive management approach that utilizes multiple strategies to keep pest populations below economic threshold levels, protecting non-target organisms, safeguarding the environment, and utilizing tactics to prevent pest populations from developing resistance. In this chapter, we review extension theories and methodologies and identify useful resources to aid in the diffusion of IPM information to increase the adoption of IPM practices in horticultural crops. We discuss Rogers (1963) 'Diffusion of Innovation Theory' and research related to the diffusion of IPM around the globe. We also discuss how the use of logic models can improve the planning and efficiency of extension programs. Finally, we discuss E-extension and virtual communication and outline possible barriers to the adoption of IPM innovations and how they can be overcome.
From Law to Policy and Practice – Collaborative Research Amidst a Pandemic: The Creation of the Bournemouth Protocol on Mass Grave Protection and Investigation
Authors: Klinkner Melanie , Smith Ellie
Published: March 2022

How can mass graves be protected to safeguard truth and justice for survivors? This was the question motivating the research project to produce international protection and investigative standards for mass graves, which resulted in the creation of the Bournemouth Protocol on Mass Grave Protection and Investigation. The research was premised upon broad and inclusive stakeholder consultation to ensure suitability, completeness and sustainability of project outcomes as well as to generate acceptance, endorsement and implementation. To realise the project we used a combination of desk-based research, round-table discussion with expert-participants from a variety of disciplines and cultural backgrounds and anonymous external consultation.

In this paper, we reflect on the methods and processes used for the purpose of international standard setting based on legal norms. We discuss the choices made along the way in facilitating this cross-disciplinary, international, inclusive and collaborative project. In doing so, we explore the function of the research process in light of the need to ensure that the Protocol reflects the different and possibly conflicting needs and sensitivities of survivors vis-à-vis the demands of criminal justice, capacity, resources and scientifically robust practices. We outline the challenges experienced and anticipated in evaluating approaches, agreeing definitions, identifying commonalities, negotiating differences and adapting to Covid-19 as part of the process of translating legal norms into policy and practice for achieving effective impact.
Application of machine learning methods in the classification of corruption related content in Russian-speaking and English-speaking Internet media
Authors: Artemova Ekaterina , Maksimenko Aleksandr , Ohrimenko Dmitriy
Published: March 2022

The paper attempts to classify the corruption-related media content of Russian-language and English-language Internet media using machine learning methods. The methodological approach proposed in the article is very relevant and promising, since, according to our earlier data, corruption monitoring mechanisms used in foreign publications based on the use of advanced information technologies have rather limited potential effectiveness and are not always adequately interpreted. The study shows the principles and grounds for identifying identification parameters, and also describes in detail the layout scheme of the collected news array. In the course of automatic text processing, which took place in 2 stages (vectorization of the text and the use of a learning model), it was possible to solve the main 4 tasks: highlighting a significant quote from a news article to identify a text on corruption topics, predicting the type of news message, predicting a relevant article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which is used to determine responsibility for the described corruption offense, as well as predicting the type of relationship in corruption offenses. The results obtained showed that modern methods of automatic text processing successfully cope with the tasks of identification and classification of corruption-related content in both Russian and English.
Ambivalence of globalization: Case of Belarus
Authors: Rolionok Andrei
Published: March 2022

The article considers the ambivalence of globalization based on the case of Belarus. The theoretical framework and methodological basis of the analysis are the following concepts: the ambivalence of modernity by Zygmunt Bauman, multiple modernities by Shmuel Eisenstadt, glocalization by Roland Robertson and the plural flows of globalization by Arjun Appadurai, Malcolm Waters, John Urry. The author of the article studies the uneven involvement of Belarus in the processes of globalization in the political, military, economic and environmental dimensions. Additionally, the author analyzes the development of the authoritarian political regime in Belarus (new authoritarianism in the Jerzy Vyatr’s terminology) and the appearance of such a phenomenon as the globalization of authoritarianism. It is stated that Belarus is becoming a regional and global actor, a donor of authoritarianism (inclusion in the globalization through the expansion of authoritarianism). Particular attention is given to the civil protest events that took place in Belarus in 2020-2021. They contributed to the making of a new political subjectivity (civic national identity) and to a counter consolidation of the authoritarian political regime. The author concludes that Belarus is an example of the strengthening (in terms of paternalism and authoritarian state governance of the population) the role of the nation state (Belarusian autocracy) in the context of border closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic and a new wave of de-globalization.
Metaphorization as the main way of naming astronomical objects
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Yakovleva Svetlana V.
Published: March 2022

In our days scientific interest in metaphorical study is directly related to the research of speech, consciousness, thinking and conceptual systems, because human comprehends surrounding reality mainly through the language. Considering cosmonym “Milky Way” as an example the author of the article attempts to substantiate the opinion that all nominations of the astronomical objects represent as metaphors. Their correlation with the identifying and cognitive metaphor allowed us to conclude that the same nomination not only generates a specific, descriptive type of meaning, but also performs a cognitive function and contributes to the formation of a conceptual picture of the world. This fact can be confirmed by the material presented in the article, and on its basis we can see that the lexemes milk and way/road from nomination “Milky Way” are not randomly selected names for the designation of the Galaxy. They occupy a significant place in the Russian mentality and have to do with those cultural and value-semantic orientations, which were characterized by the sacralization of all things and cosmization as a way of transition from chaos to harmony and world order.
E-politeness in student requests to faculty: А view from a regional Russian university in the midst of a pandemic
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Nefedova Liliya A. , Krasnopeyeva Ekaterina S. , Kraeva Svetlana S.
Published: March 2022

This paper explores pragmalinguistic strategies in the Russian language student requests made to faculty via email and Moodle learning management system (LMS) at Chelyabinsk State University, Russia, from March 2020 to March 2021, in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Drawing from the sample and a questionnaire, we focus on the type of request and its level of imposition, as well as the internal and external modification, following a modified Cross-Cultural Study of Speech Act Realization Patterns framework. The reported case study shows that students use LMS for making requests for action, and resort to email to request information. External modification is a dominant strategy used to mitigate the impositive force of the requests in the sample. LMS requests tend to be concise and directed at ‘getting stuff done’ with minimal mitigation strategies. This may illustrate a lack of essential pragmatic competence on the students’ part and be connected to the normalisation of a telegraph-style communication.