bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life assessment in constant and variable amplitude high‐temperature fatigue of ductile cast iron and metastable austenitic steel based on in situ measurement of physical properties
Authors: Klein M. , Jost B. , Smaga M. , Sorich A. , Eifler D. , Beck T.
Published: April 2018

As effective methods for characterization of temperature and load dependent fatigue behavior, the present paper describes (i) application of strain increase and temperature increase tests for comprehensive quantitative characterization of the dynamic strain aging influence on fatigue properties of cast iron and (ii) analysis of electromagnetic acoustic transducer signals for early detection of fatigue damage of AISI 347 metastable austenitic stainless steel. In case of cast iron, plastic strain and stress amplitude recorded in temperature increase tests allow identification of the onset and peak of dynamic strain aging at frequencies up to 92 Hz. Isothermal strain increase tests and application of Morrow's relationships between cyclic deformation behavior and slopes of a Wöhler curve in the high cycle / low cycle fatigue‐regime allow determining the total strain Wöhler curve in excellent agreement with conventional constant amplitude experiments. In‐situ characterization of fatigue processes in AISI 347 was performed by measurement of ultrasonic signal time‐of‐flight as well as amplitude decay by electromagnetic acoustic transducers which generate ultrasonic waves directly in electrically conductive materials without the use of a couplant. Especially the time‐of‐flight signal reflects the actual specimen loading as well as cyclic hardening / softening and early fatigue damage with excellent sensitivity.
Influence of condensate corrosion on tensile and fatigue properties of brazed stainless steel joints AISI 304L/BNi‐2 for automotive exhaust systems
Authors: Schmiedt A. , Manka M. , Tillmann W. , Walther F.
Published: April 2018

Materials and brazed joints for automotive exhaust systems have to resist the corrosive nature of aggressive exhaust gases as well as static and cyclic loads. In the present study, the influence of condensate corrosion according to VDA 230–214, with an ageing duration of up to 6 weeks, on the tensile and fatigue properties of stainless steel AISI 304L and brazed AISI 304L/BNi‐2 joints is investigated. In relation to the as‐received condition, the ultimate tensile strength is decreased down to 58 % and a reduction of the fatigue strength at 2⋅106 cycles down to 22 % is determined for brazed specimens, pre‐corroded for 6 weeks. In contrast to the brazed stainless steel joints, the condensate corrosion does not influence the tensile properties of the AISI 304L base material. Stress concentrations at the corrosion‐dependent circumferential grooves at the brazing seam are evaluated by stress intensity factors, which are well appropriate to characterise the fatigue behaviour depending on the corrosion condition.
Illuminating the Headrope of a Selective Flatfish Trawl: Effect on Catches of Groundfishes, Including Pacific Halibut
Authors: Lomeli Mark J. M. , Waldo Wakefield W. , Herrmann Bent
Published: April 2018

This study evaluated how illuminating the headrope of a selective flatfish trawl can affect catches of groundfishes, including Pacific Halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, in the U.S. West Coast limited-entry (LE) groundfish bottom trawl fishery. Over the continental shelf, fishermen engaged in the LE bottom trawl fishery target a variety of flatfishes, roundfishes, and skates. Green LED fishing lights (Lindgren-Pitman Electralume) were used to illuminate the headrope. The lights were grouped into clusters of three, with each cluster attached ~1.3 m apart along the 40.3-m-long headrope. Catch comparisons and ratios of mean fish length classes were compared between tows conducted with (treatment) and without (control) LEDs attached along the trawl headrope. Fewer Rex Sole Glyptocephalus zaphirus, Arrowtooth Flounder Atheresthes stomias, and Lingcod Ophiodon elongatus were caught in the treatment than in the control trawl, though not at a significant level. Pacific Halibut catches differed between the two trawls, with the treatment trawl catching an average of 57% less Pacific Halibut. However, this outcome was not significant due to a small sample size. For Dover Sole Microstomus pacificus 31–44 cm in length and Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria 43–61 cm in length, significantly fewer fish were caught in the treatment than in the control trawl. On average, the treatment trawl caught more rockfishes Sebastes spp., English Sole Parophrys vetulus, and Petrale Sole Eopsetta jordani, but not at a significant level. These findings show that illuminating the headrope of a selective flatfish trawl can affect the catch comparisons and ratios of groundfishes, and depending on fish length and species the effect can be positive or negative.
Occurrences of Jellyfish in the Industrial Fishing Activity of the Southeastern and Southern Regions of Brazil
Authors: Rutkowski Thais , Schroeder Rafael , Resgalla Charrid
Published: April 2018

This work presents the results of a survey of the occurrences of jellyfish bycatch in trawling, bottom gill-net, purse seine, and pole-and-line fishing gear in the main fishing port of southern Brazil Survey results are based on interviews conducted with fishers at the time of landing the catch. Historical data were also obtained on the peak occurrences of jellyfish in the last 20 years through interviews with fishers that had worked for up to 50 years in the area. Jellyfish were found to occur with the different fishing gear and to have preferential demersal behavior. The highest frequencies of occurrences were observed on the continental shelf and accompanied the trips of the fishing fleet at different times of the year. Hydrozoan jellyfish, presumably Rhacostoma atlanticum and Olindias sambaquiensis, were the most frequent and abundant species recorded during the period, but the historical data suggest peaks of occurrence every 10 years when dominant groups are replaced with others. The hypotheses of the change of diversity in the 10-year period from 1993 to 2013 can be attributed to natural processes associated with ecological strategies used by gelatinous organisms or the occupation of niches that become available with the withdrawal of planktivorous fish species in the context of overfishing.
MR fingerprinting Deep RecOnstruction NEtwork (DRONE)
Authors: Cohen Ouri , Zhu Bo , Rosen Matthew S.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

Demonstrate a novel fast method for reconstruction of multi‐dimensional MR fingerprinting (MRF) data using deep learning methods.

Methods

A neural network (NN) is defined using the TensorFlow framework and trained on simulated MRF data computed with the extended phase graph formalism. The NN reconstruction accuracy for noiseless and noisy data is compared to conventional MRF template matching as a function of training data size and is quantified in simulated numerical brain phantom data and International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology phantom data measured on 1.5T and 3T scanners with an optimized MRF EPI and MRF fast imaging with steady state precession (FISP) sequences with spiral readout. The utility of the method is demonstrated in a healthy subject in vivo at 1.5T.

Results

Network training required 10 to 74 minutes; once trained, data reconstruction required approximately 10 ms for the MRF EPI and 76 ms for the MRF FISP sequence. Reconstruction of simulated, noiseless brain data using the NN resulted in a RMS error (RMSE) of 2.6 ms for T1 and 1.9 ms for T2. The reconstruction error in the presence of noise was less than 10% for both T1 and T2 for SNR greater than 25 dB. Phantom measurements yielded good agreement (R2 = 0.99/0.99 for MRF EPI T1/T2 and 0.94/0.98 for MRF FISP T1/T2) between the T1 and T2 estimated by the NN and reference values from the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology phantom.

Conclusion

Reconstruction of MRF data with a NN is accurate, 300‐ to 5000‐fold faster, and more robust to noise and dictionary undersampling than conventional MRF dictionary‐matching.
Musik aus dem Atomkern
Authors: Osterath Brigitte
Published: April 2018

Schlagzeug, Gitarre und Keyboard waren Walter Bauer irgendwann nicht mehr genug. Jetzt erschafft der Chemiker Songs mit dem NMR‐Spektrometer.
Gründerzeit in der Chemie
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: April 2018

Große Unternehmen suchen Start‐ups, und diese suchen Partner. Eine Veranstaltung in Frankfurt zeigte, wie rührig die Start‐up‐Szene ist.
To BRD or Not to BRD? A Test of Bycatch Reduction Devices (BRDs) for the Blue Crab Fishery
Authors: Grubbs S. P. , Funkhouser H. , Myer P. , Arendt M. , Schwenter J. , Chambers R. M.
Published: April 2018

We compared two bycatch reduction device (BRD) models that were designed to maintain the catch of commercially harvestable blue crabs Callinectes sapidus while excluding diamondback terrapins Malaclemys terrapin. The Virginia BRD (VA BRD) model was a thick-plastic, 5.1- × 15.3-cm, rectangular red frame. The South Carolina BRD (SC BRD) model was a thin-plastic, 5.1–6.4- × 7.3-cm, curved rectangular red frame. Baited crab traps were fished in groups of three (no BRD, VA BRD, and SC BRD) within tidal creeks in Virginia and South Carolina. In Virginia, legal-sized blue crabs from traps with BRDs were 2 mm smaller than those from traps without BRDs. In South Carolina, significantly fewer and smaller crabs were captured in traps with SC BRDs relative to traps with VA BRDs or traps without BRDs. Shorter soak times in South Carolina may have reduced traffic flow of crabs into traps fitted with BRDs, an effect that was overcome by longer soak times in Virginia. Of the 29 diamondback terrapins captured during the Virginia study, 23 were captured in traps without BRDs, 3 were captured in traps with VA BRDs, and 3 were caught in traps with SC BRDs. The BRDs are needed for the blue crab fishery to decrease diamondback terrapin mortality in hot spots where crabbing and terrapin habitat overlap.
Winter Habitat Selection by Large Brown Trout in Streams with and without Habitat Rehabilitation
Authors: Dieterman Douglas J. , Thorn William C. , Anderson Charles S.
Published: April 2018

To determine whether habitat rehabilitation provides functionally similar winter habitat to streams with natural features, we radio-tagged and tracked 83 large, stream-resident, Brown Trout Salmo trutta (>330 mm TL) and compared habitat use at pool and microhabitat scales. Brown Trout used pools similarly in streams with and without habitat rehabilitation. In all streams, trout avoided pools lacking depths >60 cm and with <10 m2 of cover. Streams with habitat rehabilitation provided similar microhabitat features to natural streams; trout selected sites with depths from 60 to 119 cm near woody debris and with water column velocity <10 cm/s in both. Trout avoided microhabitats with depths <60 cm when the habitats either lacked cover or were under ice shelves or had a water column velocity > 20 cm/s. Brown Trout selected artificially placed overhead bank structures and instream rocks in rehabilitated streams but used these natural features in proportion to their availability in streams without rehabilitation. We conclude that habitat rehabilitation created suitable winter habitat for Brown Trout in upper U.S. Midwestern streams.
Empower your students to find their own community of adult learners
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: April 2018

Retain students by weaving them into the whole campus experience

Use digital shortcuts to save students time and frustration

Develop professional opportunities for your students
Young Adult Cancer: Influence of the Obesity Pandemic
Authors: Berger Nathan A.
Published: April 2018

Objective

The purpose of this article is to review the association of the obesity pandemic with appearance of cancers in young adults under age 50 and to define potential mechanisms by which obesity may accelerate the development of malignancy.

Methods

A comprehensive narrative review was performed to integrate preclinical, clinical, and epidemiologic evidence describing the association of obesity with cancer in young adults based on a search of PubMed and Google databases.

Results

Results from more than 100 publications are summarized. Although they differ in age groups analyzed and incidence of obesity, sufficient data exists to suggest an influence of the obesity pandemic on the increase of cancer among young adults.

Conclusions

Cancer in young adults is occurring with increasing frequency. Overweight and obesity have become major public health issues reaching pandemic proportions. Excess weight is associated with increased cancer risk, morbidity, and mortality. Multiple murine models indicate that obesity not only increases cancer incidence but also accelerates its development. Thus, the possibility exists that overweight and obesity may be contributing to the appearance of specific malignancies at younger ages. This prospect, in association with the worldwide expansion of obesity, suggests an impending explosive increase in obesity‐associated cancers in young adults.
Current Knowledge of Obesity Treatment Guidelines by Health Care Professionals
Authors: Turner Monique , Jannah Nichole , Kahan Scott , Gallagher Christine , Dietz William
Published: April 2018

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess health care professionals' knowledge of evidence‐based guidelines for the nonsurgical treatment of obesity.

Methods

A nationally representative sample of internists, family practitioners, obstetricians/gynecologists, and nurse practitioners completed a web‐based survey between June 9 and July 1, 2016 (n = 1,506).

Results

Only 16% of respondents indicated that obesity counseling should be provided approximately twice monthly in an individual or group setting for at least 6 months, in accordance with United States Preventive Services Task Force and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services guidelines. Only 15% of respondents identified BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 with an obesity‐associated comorbid condition as the appropriate indication to prescribe pharmacotherapy for patients. Two‐thirds of respondents indicated that it is appropriate to continue long‐term pharmacotherapy under conditions inconsistent with evidence‐based guidelines, with nearly one‐quarter indicating that obesity medications should never be prescribed beyond 3 months regardless of weight loss.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that provider understanding of appropriate clinical care for obesity is inconsistent with evidence‐based recommendations. As coverage for behavioral counseling services and pharmacotherapy expands, it is imperative that health care professionals understand how to effectively leverage these treatment modalities to optimize health outcomes for patients with obesity.
Identification of an arabinopyranosyltransferase from Physcomitrella patens involved in the synthesis of the hemicellulose xyloglucan
Authors: Zhu Lei , Dama Murali , Pauly Markus
Published: April 2018

The hemicellulose xyloglucan consists of a backbone of a β‐1,4 glucan substituted with xylosyl moieties and many other, diverse side chains that are important for its proper function. Many, but not all glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of xyloglucan have been identified. Here, we report the identification of an hitherto elusive xyloglucan:arabinopyranosyltransferase. This glycosyltransferase was isolated from the moss Physcomitrella patens, where it acts as a xyloglucan “D”‐side chain transferase (XDT). Heterologous expression of PpXDT in the Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant mur3.1 xlt2, where xyloglucan consists of a xylosylated glucan without further glycosyl substituents, results in the production of the arabinopyranose‐containing “D” side chain as characterized by oligosaccharide mass profiling, glycosidic linkage analysis, and NMR analysis. In addition, expression of a related Physcomitrella glycosyltransferase ortholog of PpXLT2 leads to the production of the galactose‐containing “L” side chain. The presence of the “D” and “L” xyloglucan side chains in the Arabidopsis double mutant Atmur3.1 xlt2 expressing PpXDT and PpXLT2, respectively, rescues the dwarfed phenotype of untransformed Atmur3.1 xlt2 mutants to nearly wild‐type height. Expression of PpXDT and PpXLT2 in the Atmur3.1 xlt2 mutant also enhanced root growth.
Ethylene causes transcriptomic changes in Synechocystis during phototaxis
Authors: Lacey Randy F. , Allen Cidney J. , Bakshi Arkadipta , Binder Brad M.
Published: April 2018

Ethylene is well known as a plant hormone, but its role in bacteria is poorly studied. We recently showed that Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 has a functional receptor for ethylene, ethylene response 1 (Etr1), that is involved in various processes such as phototaxis in response to directional light and biofilm formation. Here, we use RNA sequencing to examine the changes in gene transcripts caused by ethylene under phototaxis conditions. Over 500 gene transcripts across many functional categories, of approximately 3700 protein‐encoding genes, were altered by application of ethylene. In general, ethylene caused both up‐ and downregulation of genes within a functional category. However, the transcript levels of amino acid metabolism genes were mainly upregulated and cell envelope genes were mostly downregulated by ethylene. The changes in cell envelope genes correlate with our prior observation that ethylene affects cell surface properties to alter cell motility. Ethylene caused a twofold or more change in 62 transcripts with the largest category of upregulated genes annotated as transporters and the largest category of downregulated genes annotated as glycosyltransferases which sometimes are involved in changing the composition of sugars on the cell surface. Consistent with changes in cell envelope, glycosyltransferase, and transporter gene transcripts, application of ethylene altered the levels of specific sugar moieties on the surface of cells. Light signaling from Etr1 involves two proteins (Slr1213 and Slr1214) and a small, noncoding RNA, carbon stress‐induced RNA1 (csiR1). Application of ethylene caused a rapid, but transient, decrease in the transcript levels of etr1, slr1213, and slr1214 and a rapid and prolonged decrease in csiR1 transcript. Deletion of Slr1214 caused a large increase in csiR1 transcript levels and ethylene lowered csiR1 transcript. These data combined with prior reports indicate that ethylene functions as a signal to affect a variety of processes altering the physiology of Synechocystis cells.
Revisiting the putative role of heme as a trigger of inflammation
Authors: Vallelian Florence , Schaer Christian A. , Deuel Jeremy W. , Ingoglia Giada , Humar Rok , Buehler Paul W. , Schaer Dominik J.
Published: April 2018

Activation of the innate immune system by free heme has been proposed as one of the principal consequences of cell‐free hemoglobin (Hb) exposure. Nonetheless, in the absence of infection, heme exposures within a hematoma, during hemolysis, or upon systemic administration of Hb (eg, as a Hb‐based oxygen carrier) are typically not accompanied by uncontrolled inflammation, challenging the assumption that heme is a major proinflammatory mediator in vivo. Because of its hydrophobic nature, heme liberated from oxidized hemoglobin is rapidly transferred to alternative protein‐binding sites (eg, albumin) or to hydrophobic lipid compartments minimizing protein‐free heme under in vivo equilibrium conditions. We demonstrate that the capacity of heme to activate human neutrophil granulocytes strictly depends on the availability of non protein‐associated heme. In human endothelial cells as well as in mouse macrophage cell cultures and in mouse models of local and systemic heme exposure, protein‐associated heme or Hb do not induce inflammatory gene expression over a broad range of exposure conditions. Only experiments in protein‐free culture medium demonstrated a weak capacity of heme‐solutions to induce toll‐like receptor‐(TLR4) dependent TNF‐alpha expression in macrophages. Our data suggests that the equilibrium‐state of free and protein‐associated heme critically determines the proinflammatory capacity of the metallo‐porphyrin. Based on these data it appears unlikely that inflammation‐promoting equilibrium conditions could ever occur in vivo.
Multicolor containers, extremal entropy, and counting
Authors: Falgas‐Ravry Victor , O'Connell Kelly , Uzzell Andrew
Published: April 2018

In breakthrough results, Saxton‐Thomason and Balogh‐Morris‐Samotij developed powerful theories of hypergraph containers. In this paper, we explore some consequences of these theories. We use a simple container theorem of Saxton‐Thomason and an entropy‐based framework to deduce container and counting theorems for hereditary properties of k‐colorings of very general objects, which include both vertex‐ and edge‐colorings of general hypergraph sequences as special cases. In the case of sequences of complete graphs, we further derive characterization and transference results for hereditary properties in terms of their stability families and extremal entropy. This covers within a unified framework a great variety of combinatorial structures, some of which had not previously been studied via containers: directed graphs, oriented graphs, tournaments, multigraphs with bounded multiplicity, and multicolored graphs among others. Similar results were recently and independently obtained by Terry.
Develop plan, raise awareness to prevent sexual harassment on campus
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: April 2018

CLEARWATER BEACH, FLORIDA — The #MeToo movement has likely placed student affairs administrators on high alert to raise awareness about the importance of preventing and addressing sexual harassment in the workplace.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Novel Pyrazole Clubbed Polyhydroquinolines in an Ionic‐Liquid and their Biological Perspective
Authors: Bhatt Jaimin D. , Patel Tarosh S. , Chudasama Chaitanya J. , Patel Kanuprasad D.
Published: April 2018

A series of diarylpyrazole clubbed polyhydroquinoline derivatives (6a‐j, 7a‐j, 8a‐j) were synthesized by one pot multicomponent methodology using ionic liquid (Bbpy)(HSO4)2 as solvent as well as catalyst under microwave irradiation as energy source. The synthesized entities were further screened in vitro for their preliminary biocidal potency against group of pathogenic bacterial as well as fungal strains; against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain for antituberculosis activity and against P. falciparum to evaluate antimalarial potency. A number of compounds were found to render antibacterial activity against bacterial strains as compared to standard drugs. Compounds 6b, 6 f, 8e and 8j were found to possess higher antibacterial potency as compared to ampicillin as well as comparable to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. The compounds 6e, 6j, 7e, 7j and 8j (MIC: 100 μg/mL) were found to be highly potent as antifungal candidates against C. albicans as compared to griseofulvin. For antituberculosis activity, compounds 8e, 8 h and 8j were found to be potent candidates against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain as compared to rifampicin. Compounds 7a, 7c, 7d, 7 f, 7 h, 8d and 8i were found to be highly potent as compared to quinine (0.268 μg/mL) and comparable activity as to chloroquine (0.020 μg/mL). The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against Vero cell proving their non‐toxic behavior.
First Experimental Evidence of Intramolecular Weak Bifurcated H Bond between Aliphatic C‐H and Aromatic Cl Atoms: X‐Ray Crystallographic Investigation on the syn Head‐to‐Head Dimer of 2,6‐Dichlorochalcone
Authors: Hu Xiaoyun , Guo Jianxin , Yin Zhongyou , Shan Zixing
Published: April 2018

The first example of an intramolecular weak bifurcated H bond between aliphatic C−H and aromatic Cl atoms was observed in a crystal of the syn head‐to‐head dimer of trans‐2,6‐dichlorochalcone. X‐ray crystallographic analysis indicated that the weak bifurcated H bond plays a crucial role for the formation of syn head‐to‐head stereoisomer, which has not been reported in nature compounds.
Well‐Defined Ruthenium Complex for Acceptorless Alcohol Dehydrogenation in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Bhatia Anita , Muthaiah Senthilkumar
Published: April 2018

Synthesis of a water soluble ruthenium complex bearing PNP‐pincer ligand has been described. The complex in presence of KOBut was found to be efficient catalyst for the acceptorless alcohol dehydrogenation (AAD) in aqueous medium. This selective synthetic protocol transforms secondary alcohols to ketones and primary alcohols to aldehydes without formation of any unwanted side products and produces only hydrogen as the sole by‐product.
Particle Size and Shell Thickness Dependence of the Light Intensity Enhancement in the Cap Layers of Ag, Au, Al and SiO2@TiO2 Core‐Shell Nanostructures
Authors: Bascura Erdem B. , Karakurt Ismail
Published: April 2018

We present a systematic study of the light intensity enhancement in the shell layers of half burrried Ag, Au, Al and SiO2 spherical nanoparticles capped with TiO2. We calculated the light intensity profiles near these structures when they are illuminated by a UV light at 380 nm. The calculations cover the particle‐size range between 20 and 180 nm, and the cap thickness range between 6 and 80 nm. Our data is the first report on the intensity enhancement in the shell layers of TiO2‐capped Al nanoparticles and Al@TiO2 core‐shell nanostructures. We obtain, in the cap layers, an average intensity enhancement of ∼3.7, ∼6.1, ∼2.4 and ∼2.7 for a cap thickness of ∼30 nm above Ag, Al, Au and SiO2 particles. Taking into account the increase in the active surface area, these numbers can be multiplied by a factor of two, for each capped‐nanoparticle system. The optimal Ag, Au, Al and SiO2‐particle sizes for a 30‐nm cap‐thickness are found to be 120 nm, 80 nm, 140 nm, and 80 nm. While half‐buried and capped‐nanoparticle systems resemble the typical core‐shell nanoparticles, the intensity enhancements are not equivalent. We compare the intensity increases in these two systems at the optimal sizes for Ag and Al particles for a 30‐nm shell thickness.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Thieno[2, 3‐d]pyrimidine‐amides as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Ramya Posa Venkata Sri , Thatikonda Sowjanya , Angapelly Srinivas , Babu Bathini Nagendra , Naidu Vegi Ganga Modi , Kamal Ahmed
Published: April 2018

In our search towards the development of potential anticancer agents, a new class of N‐(3‐(thieno[2, 3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐ylamino)phenyl)amides (10 a−x) were synthesized and examined for their anticancer activity towards different human cancer cell lines. Of the derivatives tested, 10 g, 10 p and 10 w displayed potent growth inhibition on some of the cell lines, peculiarly 10 w exhibited selective and promising activity on MDA‐MB‐453 and MCF‐7 cell lines. In comparison to the standard ZSTK474, nearly 3 fold growth inhibitory effect was noticed with 10 w against MCF‐7 cell line. Notably, the morphology and long term clonogenic survival of MCF‐7 cells were affected by compound 10 w. Moreover, the results from AO/EB and DAPI staining studies as well as analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential divulged that the growth of MCF‐7 cells was inhibited by 10 w through the induction of apoptosis. From flow‐cytometry analysis, it is notable that 10 w shows G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in MCF‐7 cells. Overall, compound 10 w could be considered as a promising lead for the further exploration and identification of thieno[2, 3‐d]pyrimidine‐based anticancer agents.
Graphene Oxide‐Supported Hypervalent Organoiodine (III): Recyclable Reagent for Selective and Metal‐Free Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Ghanbari Nastaran , Ghafuri Hossein , Zand Hamid Reza Esmaili
Published: April 2018

In this research, main emphasis has been placed on the oxidizing properties of graphene oxide (GO) and hypervalent organoiodine (III) (HVI) and their oxidizing effect in GO‐HVI. GO‐HVI as a metal‐free, environment‐friendly, recyclable and efficient heterogeneous reagent was synthesized and completely characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), X‐ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The synthesized GO‐HVI was used to achieve an effective and selective method for oxidation of various alcohols. All substituted alcohols were oxidized in good to excellent yields under mild conditions at room temperature. The oxidizing ability of GO‐HVI was higher in comparison with starting GO and HVI. This GO‐HVI have great stability and could be recycled six times without noteworthy loss of activity.
γ‐Fe2O3@SiO2‐EC‐ZnII: A Magnetic Recyclable Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐3, 9′‐xanthene]trione Derivatives in Aqueous Media
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Maryam Sadat , Akhlaghinia Batool
Published: April 2018

In this research, ZnII immobilized on creatinated epibromohydrin functionalized γ‐Fe2O3@SiO2 nanoparticles (γ‐Fe2O3@SiO2‐EC‐ZnII) as a novel magnetic nanostructured heterogeneous catalyst has been prepared readily and fully characterized by some spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), EDS‐map, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) and CHNS. The above experimental results determined the composition of γ‐Fe2O3@SiO2‐EC‐ZnII and clearly revealed the core‐shell structure nanoparticles are spherical in shape with the particle size in the range of 7–23 nm and superparamagnetic behavior. The magnetic nanostructured catalyst was identified as an efficient catalyst for the rapid synthesis of a library of spiro[indoline‐3, 9‐xanthene]trione derivatives via the condensation reaction of different substituted isatins and dimedone or 1,3‐cyclohexanedione at room temperature in aqueous media. Environmental friendliness, aqueous reaction medium, low cost, high yields, short reaction times, operational simplicity, wide applicability, magnetic recovery of catalyst and reusability up to seven cycles, as the important features of this protocol make the present methodology sustainable and economic.
Design and Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐thiophene‐Tethered Ureidopenicillin Analogs with Potent Antibacterial and Antitubercular activity
Authors: Wagh Mahendra A. , Baravkar Sachin B. , Jedhe Ganesh S. , Borkute Rachna , Choudhari Amit S. , Sarkar Dhiman , Sanjayan Gangadhar J.
Published: April 2018

Ureidopenicillins are a class of penicillins which are antibiotics active against gram‐negative bacteria. Herein, we report the synthesis of 2‐aminothiophene‐tethered ureidopenicillin analogues and their in vitro antibacterial and antitubercular activity. Intriguingly, unlike the reported ureidopenicillins which are active against gram‐negative bacteria, the synthesised 2‐aminothiophene‐tethered ureidopenicillins were significantly active against Gram‐positive bacterial strains and showed moderate inhibition towards gram‐negative bacterial strains. Among all the analogs, compound 1 b containing 2‐aminothiophene moiety with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.29, 0.32, > 10, > 10 μg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, showed better anti‐bacterial profile as compared to cephalexin and equipotent to ampicillin and amoxicillin on gram‐positive bacterial strains. All the derivatives were also screened for anti‐TB activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. Among the series, cycloocta‐thiophene‐tethered cephalexin analog 3 c displayed excellent antitubercular activity with MIC values 0.78 μg/ml. Low cytotoxicity and high selectivity index indicate the efficacy of 3 c against mycobacterial infections. The results from present study offer a novel approach to modify the existing drug class of ureidopenicillins to yield antimicrobials with promising utility.
AlNb/SBA‐15 Catalysts with Tunable Lewis and Bronsted Acidic Sites for Glucose Conversion to HMF
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhu Liwei , Zhang Yuan , Cui Hongyou , Yi Weiming , Song Feng , Zhao Pingping , Sun Xiuyu , Xie Yujiao , Wang Lihong , Li Zhihe
Published: April 2018

In this paper, a series of AlNb/SBA‐15 catalysts with various Al/Nb atom ratios were prepared by impregnation method for efficient conversion of glucose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Characterization by SEM, TEM, BET and XRD showed that the microstructure after impregnation of the active components was preserved, similar to that of SBA‐15, although the pore size and specific surface area decreased to some extent with the increase of Al/Nb atom ratio due to the thickening of the pore wall, which was due to the deposition of the active component salts. Py‐IR and NH3‐TPD analysis indicated that AlNb/SBA‐15 had both Bronsted acid sites and Lewis acid sites simultaneously after incorporation of the Al species and they were tunable by adjusting the Al/Nb atom ratio. The catalyst with Al/Nb atom ratio of 2:3 exhibited the suitable strength of Lewis and Bronsted acid and the highest total acid amount, as a result, showing the highest catalytic activity in glucose dehydration to HMF. As high as 55.7% of HMF yield with 93.4% glucose conversion was obtained when reacting at 170 °C for 6.0 h using methyl iso‐butyl ketone (MIBK)/water with a volume ratio of 2 as the reaction media.
Support‐Independent Surface Functionalization for Efficient Pd Loading in Catalytic Hydrogenation
Authors: Fu Peng , Xiao Zhourong , Liu Yanhong , Wang Li , Zhang Xiangwen , Li Guozhu
Published: April 2018

Noble metal catalysts supported on high‐surface‐area supports are of great importance as heterogeneous catalysts in numerous industrial processes. Control of the nanostructures and distribution of metal nanoparticles (NPs) is a key to achieving high activity. Surface functionalization has received much attention for efficient loading of metal NPs. In this study, surface functionalizations of various supports including SBA‐15, Al2O3, reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been carried out to facilitate palladium loading. The as‐synthesized supported palladium (Pd) catalysts have been studied by evaluating their catalytic activity for 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) hydrogenation in water at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray mapping were used to characterize the catalysts. The results show that the strategy of support surface functionalization for Pd loading is generally applicable to various supports and different reactions of hydrogenation. Catalysts with elevated activity in catalytic hydrogenation have been obtained via efficient Pd loading by the surface functionalization of support. Moreover, kinetic study has been conducted on 4‐NP hydrogenation catalyzed by Pd/SAM‐DA‐CNT (Pd nanoparticles supported on CNTs modified by polydopamine and carboxylic acid‐terminated alkanethiol monolayer). The obtained kinetic data are fitted to a Langmuir‐Hinshelwood (L−H) model, and the calculated apparent activation energy of this process is 65.39 kJ mol−1.
Monodentate Coordination of N, N′‐Disubstituted Thiocarbamide Ligands: Syntheses, Structural Analyses, In Vitro Cytotoxicity and DNA Damage Studies of Cu(I) Complexes
Authors: Pandey Sunil K. , Singh Durga P. , Marverti Gaetano , Butcher R. J. , Pratap Seema
Published: April 2018

Structural analysis of three novel substituted thiocarbamide ligands N‐(naphthyl)‐N′‐(isobutoxycarbonyl) thiocarbamide (H2L1), N‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐N′‐(isobutoxycarbonyl) thiocarbamide (H2L2) & N‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitrophenyl)‐N′‐(isobutoxycarbonyl) thiocarbamide (H2L3) and their copper(I) complexes [(H2L1)2CuCl] (1), [(H2L2)2CuCl] (2) and [(H2L3)2CuCl] (3) was performed using various spectroscopic techniques (FT−IR, 1H and 13C NMR, UV‐Visible),TG analysis and single crystal X‐ray studies of (H2L1) and [(H2L1)2CuCl] (1). The copper(I) complexes possess trigonal planar geometry coordinating through two thione sulfur atoms from two ligand molecules and one chloride ion. Two intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions present between (−N1H) and carbonyl oxygen (−N2H) and coordinated chlorine stabilize the trigonal planar structure of the complexes. Cyclic voltammogram of complexes 1–3 displayed quasireversible redox behaviour corresponding to CuI/CuII couple. Determination of in vitro cytotoxicity of ligands and their complexes using five human carcinoma cell lines 2008, C13* (cervical carcinoma), A2780, A2780/CP and IGROV‐1 (ovarian carcinoma) revealed that copper(I) complexes were more potent inhibitors than the ligands against all the cell lines. The most effective were complexes 2 and 3. The comet assay test of complexes 2 and 3 against 2008, C13* and IGROV‐1 cell lines indicated significant damage to the DNA structure.
Chemo‐Biocatalytic Oxidative Condensation of Natural Arylpropene with 2‐Aminobenzothiazole into Schiff‐Bases as Potent Anti‐Amyloid Agents: Studies Employing Transgenic C. elegans
Authors: Saima  , Kumar Lalit , Lavekar Aditya G. , Sharma Tanuj , Shamsuzzama  , Equbal Danish , Siddiqi Mohammad Imran , Sinha Arun K. , Nazir Aamir
Published: April 2018

Combining natural scaffolds with potent heterocyclic pharmacophores to have extra ordinary potency of synthetic hybrid molecules has gained significant attention as these compounds possess diverse biological activities including ameliorative effects against Alzheimer disease (AD) associated endpoints. In this context, a chemo‐biocatalytic protocol has been described wherein 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) catalyzed oxidation of natural methoxylated phenylpropenes into corresponding cinnamaldehydes followed by Bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐catalyzed condensation reaction with heterocyclic amine in water provides a series of Schiff bases in moderate to good yield. Interestingly, some of the 2‐aminobenzothiazole based Schiff bases with dioxymethylene substituted cinnamaldehydes, an oxidized product of natural isosafrole, appear as an multifunctional agents which significantly decreased the disease associated endpoints in C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. These Schiff bases exerted their effect by reducing Aβ aggregation, decreasing lipid deposition and oxidative stress, thereby preventing cholinergic neuronal degeneration. All these properties highlight the therapeutic potential of these prototypes to be developed as new multifunctional drug candidates in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, molecular modeling studies have revealed the interaction of Schiff base with acetylcholine receptors.
Er(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyran via Hetero‐Diels‐Alder Reaction under Ambient Temperature
Authors: Ramesh Vediyappan , Shanmugam Sivakumar , Devi Natarajan Savitha
Published: April 2018

A one‐pot synthesis of 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran derivatives has been achieved using substituted styrenes, aqueous formaldehyde and various β‐keto esters. This multicomponent protocol employs erbium (III) triflate as a catalyst affording 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran derivatives in good to excellent yields (72‐98%). Furthermore, synthesis of the bicyclic fused ring system such as 2‐aryl‐2,3,4,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐5H‐pyrano[2, 3‐d]pyridazin‐5‐one 6 was achieved from the corresponding 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran 4.
Spinel‐Type Mixed Oxides for Stable and Selective Partial Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol
Authors: Gurrala Lakshmiprasad , Nagpure Atul S. , Gurav Hanmant R. , Chilukuri Satyanarayana
Published: April 2018

Benzaldehyde is an important chemical intermediate, which need to be prepared through an eco‐friendly process. Manganese oxides are active as catalysts for its preparation through partial oxidation of benzyl alcohol. In this study, Cu, Co and Mn containing spinel based mixed oxides (CuxMn3−xO4) were prepared and tested for partial oxidation of benzyl alcohol to get benzaldehyde with high selectivity. The catalytic activity strongly depended on chemical composition, acid‐base properties and oxygen uptake. The influence of chemical composition, reaction temperature, oxygen partial pressure and the weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) were investigated to optimize benzaldehyde yield and to stabilize the catalyst activity. A high benzaldehyde selectivity of 98%, accompanied with benzyl alcohol conversion of 84.5% was obtained over Cu0.25Mn2.75O4 catalyst at 300 °C. It was evident from temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of CO2 that this catalyst was found to have optimum basicity and high oxygen uptake, thus imparting high activity and stability. Activity and catalyst life could be attributed to appropriate acid‐base properties.
One‐pot, Multi‐Component Synthesis of Novel Bis‐Spiro Pyranopyrazole Derivatives in the Presence of DABCO as an Efficient and Reusable Solid Base Catalyst
Authors: Safari Ensieh , Hasaninejad Alireza
Published: April 2018

A simple and elegant synthesis of some novel bis‐spiro pyranopyrazoles has been achieved via the condensation reaction between bis‐isatins, malononitrile, hydrazine hydrate and ß‐ketoester derivatives in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1, 4‐diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) in ethanol at reflux conditions. The significant features of the present method are structure diversity, product complexity, procedure and work‐up simplicity, environmentally friendly, good to excellent yields and catalyst recyclability.
Sodium Salts of Substituted Tetracyanocyclopentadienides [C5(CN)4X]− (X= H, CN, NH2, NO2): Substituent Influence on the Crystal Structures of Potential Coordination Polymers.
Authors: Nimax Patrick R. , Sünkel Karlheinz
Published: April 2018

Metathesis reactions of NaCl with the silver salts of substituted tetracyanocyclopentadienides [C5(CN)4X]− (X= H, CN, NO2, NH2) gives the corresponding sodium salts 1–4. While 1–3 give polymeric networks, held together by Pi‐stacking as well as multiply bridging polydentate cyanocyclopentadienides and in part hydrogen bonda, the aminotetracyanocyclo‐pentadienide 4 forms only a water‐bridged dinuclear complexes, which are connected only by an intensive hydrogen bond network. Quite surprisingly, only the NO2‐substituent in 3 coordinates to Na+ besides the cyano groups, while the NH2 group in 4 is only involved in hydrogen bonds.
Shear behavior of concrete beams reinforced exclusively with longitudinal glass fiber reinforced polymer bars: Analytical model
Authors: Baghi Hadi , Barros Joaquim A. O. , Kaszubska Monika , Kotynia Renata
Published: April 2018

A design approach based on the simplified modified compression field theory, but with the advantage of not requiring an iterative procedure, is proposed for evaluating the shear capacity of beams without including shear reinforcement. This model is capable of simulating beams flexurally reinforced with steel and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) systems. To appraise the predictive performance of the proposed model, a database (DB) composed of 215 reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement is set. By applying the model to this DB, an average value for
Vexp./Vana. of 1.05 with a COV of 24% is obtained, where
Vexp. and
Vana. are the shear capacity registered experimentally and obtained with the model, respectively. By applying the approach proposed by ACI Building Code to the DB, average and COV values of 0.91 and 42% are determined, revealing the higher predictive performance of the proposed model. This was even higher in the beams flexurally reinforced with FRP systems, since the proposed model conducted to average and the COV values of 1.0 and 22%, while 0.76 and 32% were obtained with the ACI approach. When proposed model was applied to the beams tested in the experimental program carried out, an average and COV values of 1.02 and 5.23% were determined.
Practical approaches to diagnosis and management of nocturia
Authors: Rees Jonathan , Kirby Mike , Williams Ann , Hirsch Leonard , Chopra Nikhil
Published: April 2018

Nocturia is an under‐reported and undertreated condition in primary care. In this article the authors provide GPs with practical recommendations and tools for the assessment, diagnosis and management of nocturia, using real clinical cases as examples. The recommendations are based on clinical evidence as well as the authors' personal experiences.
Increase adult student retention through rebranding, student success strategies
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: April 2018

SAN DIEGO — To become an institution that truly serves the needs of your adult learner population, you have to be willing to commit to significant change. At the annual conference of the Council for Adult and Experiential Learning, presenters Jessica Waddell, associate director of the bachelor's degree for professionals; Lisa Buono, director of the bachelor's degree for professionals; Margarita Bueno, academic advisor and retention specialist; and Kristy Fenstermaker, academic advisor, all from California Lutheran University, gave tips on how their institution committed to a complete overhaul, from changing the terminology from adult learner to post‐traditional learner to better reflect their student population to developing tracks for post‐traditional learners outside of traditional night‐class offerings, that helped dramatically increase the retention and graduation rate of this population of students.
Technique and results of the first six cases of anal sphincteroplasty with Deoti's flap for complex anatomical deformity of the perineum
Authors: Rodrigues Beatriz Deoti Silva , Reis Igor Guedes Nogueira , Daldegan Isabelle Reis , Buzatti Kelly Cristine de Lacerda Rodrigues
Published: April 2018

Objectives Anal sphincteroplasty with Deoti's flap is a recently published procedure for the treatment of fecal incontinence with severe perineal deformity. The aim of this study is to report six cases of patients, analyzing their results in fecal incontinence questionnaires and proposing a new scale to better assess our technique's main objective, the reconstruction of the perianal anatomy.

Methods Six patients were submitted to anal sphincteroplasty with Deoti's flap and follow-up was performed every six months. Functional results and Quality of Life were measured by Wexner Score and Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale, respectively.

Results All operations were carried out without failure to perform Deoti's flap rotation. The sample presented medians of 18.5 and 3.5 on Wexner Score, before and after surgery, respectively. In the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale, the medians before and after surgery are, respectively, 1.75 and 3.35 (Scale 1), 1.54 and 2.60 (Scale 2), 2.35 and 3.28 (Scale 3), 1.49 and 3.33 (Scale 4). The p-values were 0.0173 for Wexner Score and 0.0260, 0.0411, 0.0368 and 0.0952 for Scales 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale, respectively. All patients presented sustained improvement in Wexner Score and in quality of life questionnaire (in all scales of Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale).

Conclusions Deoti's surgical flap with sphincteroplasty successfully reconstructs complex anatomical deformities of the perineum. Current questionnaires to assess fecal incontinence may not evaluate properly the anatomical result of the technique, thus we propose a visual scale. In addition, sphincteroplasty with Deoti's flap may have longer-term outcomes in functional results than sphincteroplasty alone.