bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sarapan Pagi dan Konsentrasi Belajar Anak Sekolah Dasar Negeri 02 Balerejo Kabupaten Madiun
Authors: Kurniasih Erwin
Published: March 2021

Breakfast is important and has an impact on physical health conditions, especially for school age children. Students in Grade 4 and 5 of SD Negeri 02 Balerejo had a habit of restless class time because of hunger. This study aimed to determine the relationship between breakfast and the learning concentration of grade 4 and 5 students at SD Negeri 02 Balerejo, Madiun Regency in 2019. This study used Cross sectional research design. The population in this study were 40 students of grade 4 and 5 SD Negeri 02 Balerejo. Sampling in this study used simple random sampling technique in order to obtain a sample of 36 children. Collecting data in this study used interviews and observation sheets. Analysis of research data included univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using the chi square test. The results showed that most of the 52.8% of respondents did not eat breakfast and most of the 66.7% of respondents with poor concentration levels of learning. Based on the results of statistical analysis, the value of p = 0.024 and PR = 3.75 means that there was a significant relationship between breakfast and the concentration level of student learning. For this reason, it is hoped that all parties, both schools and parents, can make efforts to get the kids breakfast used to before leaving for school.
Dukungan Keluarga dan Keputusan Inisiasi Hemodialisis Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik di RSUD Kota Madiun
Authors: Pertiwi Julia
Published: March 2021

Data Badan Kesehatan Dunia atau World Health Organization (WHO) memperlihatkan yang menderita gagal ginjal baik akut maupun kronik mencapai 50% sedangkan yang diketahui dan mendapatkan pengobat7an hanya 25% dan 12,5% yang terobati dengan baik. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan keputusan inisiasi hemodialisis pada pasien gagal ginjal kronik di ruang hemodialisa RSUD Kota MadiunTeknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling dengan jumlah 47 sampel. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Pengolahan data dengan uji chi-square didapatkan (α = 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah responden dengan dukungan keluarga mendukung keputusan inisiasi terdapat 26 (55,3%) responden dan yang tidak menunda keputusan inisiasi hemodialisis terdapat 17 (36,2%) responden sedangkan responden dengan dukungan keluarga kurang 2 (4,3%) responden dan yang menunda keputusan inisiasi hemodialisis terdapat 2 (4,3%) responden dan didapatkan nilai ρ value = 0,000. Kesimpulan ini menunjukkan ada hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan keputusan inisiasi hemodialisis di Ruang Hemodialisa pada responden di ruang hemodialisa RSUD Kota Madiun.
LA CONTRATACIÓN PÚBLICA EN EL TTIP
Authors: AYMERICH CANO CARLOS IGNACIO
Published: March 2021

Las diferencias entre la UE y los EUA en la negociación del capítulo
de contratación pública del TTIP ponen de relieve las importantes diferencias
que existen entre ambos sistemas y, dependiendo de cómo se resuelvan, adelantan
el sentido de la evolución futura del derecho europeo de la contratación pública.

EBren eta AEBren artean TTIPren kontratazio publikoaren atalaren
negoziazioan dauden desadostasunek agerian uzten dituzte sistema bien artean
dauden alde handiak eta, nola konpontzen diren, kontratazio publikoaren europar
zuzenbidearen etorkizuneko bilakaeraren noranzkoa aurreratzen dute.

The differences between the EU and the USA during the negotiation
of TTIP¿s public procurement chapter express the significant differences between
these two systems and its resolution enables us to preview the future evolutions of
the European public procurement law.
CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE LA INCIDENCIA DE LAS LEYES 39 Y 40/2015 EN LA LEY 2/1998, DE LA POTESTAD SANCIONADORA DE LAS ADMINISTRACIONES PÚBLICAS DE LA COMUNIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL PAÍS VASCO
Authors: GARCIA URETA AGUSTIN
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo analiza la incidencia de las Leyes 39 y 40/2015 sobre la
Ley 2/1998, de la potestad sancionadora de las Administraciones públicas vascas.
Para ello, se examinan los principios de esta potestad y aquellos otros aspectos
que tienen que ver con el procedimiento sancionador. Todas estas modificaciones
se enmarcan en la división entre aspectos de régimen jurídico y procedimiento
que dificultan una comprensión unitaria de esta potestad. A pesar de que las
modificaciones operadas por ambas leyes no resulten sustanciales sobre la Ley
2/1998, sí plantean diversos cambios que será preciso tener en cuenta a la hora de
su aplicación y, en su caso, eventual modificación.

39 eta 40/2015 Legeek Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko Herri Administrazioen
zigortzeko ahalmenari buruzko 2/1998 Legean duten eragina aztertzen
du lan honek. Horretarako, ahalmen horren printzipioak eta zigortzeko prozedurarekin
zerikusia duten beste alderdiak aztertzen dira. Aldaketa horiek guztiak ahalmen
hori era bateratuan ulertzea oztopatzen duten araubide juridikoaren eta prozeduraren
alderdien arteko banaketan kokatzen dira. Lege horiek egindako aldaketak
2/1998 Legean funtsezkoak ez badira ere, zenbat aldaketa dakartzate, eta kontuan
hartu beharko dira hura aplikatzeko eta, behar balitz, hura aldatzeko orduan.

This paper analyses the impact of Laws 39 and 40/2015 on Law
2/1998, on the sanctioning powers of Basque Public Administrations. For this
purpose, both principles and procedural new matters are examined. All these
modifications are considered bearing in mind the division carried out by Law 39
and 40/2015 between the legal regime of public Administrations and procedural
aspects. This division hinders a joint understanding of those issues. Although
the impact of the laws on Law 2/1998 cannot be regarded as significant they do
include diverse changes to be taken into account when applying it. They may also
require a future amendment to the Law.
PRODUCTIVE STRUCTURE AND PERSPECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ruiz Ricardo Machado , Medeiros Rodrigo Loureiro
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses the Brazilian development and environmental sustainability. The industrial structures matter for the type of economic and social development. It is necessary to make choices, to rethink and plan the Brazilian economy in order to articulate technological innovations and environmental sustainability. The predatory and extractives model that characterizes the Brazilian economy and its international relations needs to be discussed. The global debate about environmental changes started in the 1970s, but it still doesn´t play an important role in the definition of the Brazilian economic structure. The 2030 Agenda of the United Nations is pointed out as a reference to be followed.
Formation of students' communicative competencies based on the integration of foreign languages and natural sciences
Authors: Togayeva Makhfuza
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the development of foreign language and science teaching methods, as well as the growing demand and skills of students as a result of the integration of these disciplines. One of the most important factors is to further enhance the role of communicative concepts in students and to develop such concepts in them.
Анализ сбора акцизов на алкогольную продукцию в Европе
Authors: Соловьёв А.М.
Published: March 2021

В статье анализируется общее, зафиксированное и незафиксированное потребление алкогольной продукции в Европе, анализ уровня ставок акцизов на алкогольную продукцию, в том числе НДС. Приводится анализ цен и рассчитывается уровень доступности алкогольной продукции в Европе. Оцениваются доходы от взимания акцизов на алкогольную продукцию и их доля в доходах бюджета и в ВВП по странам Европы в 2018 г.
Новый интеллектуальный вклад в развитие «зеленых» финансов (по страницам книги: Sachs J., Woo W.T., Yoshino N.&all (eds). Handbook of Green Finance. Energy Security and Sustainable development. Singapore: Springer verlag, 2019. 718 p.)
Authors: Афанасьев М.П.
Published: March 2021

Обзор посвящен книге Sachs J., Woo W.T., Yoshino N. & all (eds). Handbook of Green Finance. Energy Security and Sustainable development (2019). Отмечается ее актуальность и полезность для теоретиков и практиков в области «зеленых» финансов. Кратко рассмотрены все 12 разделов этого финансовой работы и сделан вывод о ее практическом применении.
Оценка и учет в прогнозных исследованиях ТЭК экономической составляющей энергетической безопасности
Authors: Кононов Ю.Д.
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматривается проблема комплексной оценки альтернативных вариантов развития ТЭК с точки зрения энергетической безопасности (ЭБ). Особое внимание уделяется ее экономической составляющей. Анализируется различие зарубежных и отечественных подходов к мониторингу состояния ЭБ. Предлагаются способы количественной оценки этого состояния в прогнозных исследованиях с учетом российских особенностей и горизонта прогнозирования.
DESIGN OF EDUCATIONAL RECYCLING WASTE MANAGEMENT VIDEO GAME FOR CHILDREN
Authors: Setyawati Endang , Paath David Kristian , Komala Evelyne Kristiani
Published: March 2021

As time goes by, the earth has undergone many changes, many of which have happened, from natural changes to human lifestyle. Many natural disasters occur as a result of the development of human lifestyles, such as floods caused by littering and piling up. Littering is one of the causes of flooding, therefore it is necessary to build awareness of society, especially children as the next generation.

The purpose of " Design of Educational Recycling Waste Management Video Games For Children " is to provide an understanding of waste and be able to find out the products of reusing inorganic and organic waste to children. The benefits of designing interesting video games can stimulate children's psychology in understanding the cleanliness of the environment and provide education that waste can be used.

The research method in this design uses the Research and Development method which is used to produce a product and test the effectiveness of the product. The results obtained are that there is a significant difference in children's understanding of waste when playing video games and before playing so that the use of games as educational media can be said to be effective.
MENGHITUNG HPP BIBIT LELE DAN PEMBUATAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN PADA USAHA PEMBIBITAN LELE DI KAMPUNG LELE DESA HANGTUAH KECAMATAN PERHENTIAN RAJA KABUPATER KAMPAR
Authors: Masril Masril
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAK

Ikan lele merupakan bagian dari salah satu komoditas air tawar yang sangat mudah dalam melakukan  pengembangannya, ikan lele juga memiliki keistimewaan salah satu nya memiliki tingkat protein yang cukup tinggi. Usaha ikan lele yang dibudidayakan di Kecamatan Perhentian Raja, Kabupaten Kampar merupakan usaha yang bergerak di bidang pengembangan ikan lele dan budidaya ikan lele. Dalam melaksanakan atau pengembangan ikan lele memiliki waktu yang sangat singkat yakni 1,5 bulan sampai dengan 3 bulan. Dalam hal pembenihan ikan lele menghasilkan benih ikan lele yang berkualitas, pembesaran ikan lele juga menghasilkan ikan lele yang siap dikonsumsi. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh petani ikan lele tersebut adalah usaha ikan lele sampai dengan saat ini belum dapat mengklasifikasikan biaya yang bersifat biaya tetap maupun biaya yang bersifat variabel, akan tetapi biaya overhead adalah semua biaya produksi selain biaya bahan baku langsung dan biaya tenaga kerja langsung. atau dengan kata lain semua biaya dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan terdiri dari biaya bahan tak langsung,b iaya tenaga kerja tak langsung, dan biaya-biaya produksi lainnya yang tidak secara mudah dapat ditelusuri secara langsung pada proses produksi. Tidak diperhitungkannya biaya overhead dalam menentukan harga pokok produksi membuat harga pokok produksi tidak akurat, akan tetapi bukan hanya itu saja permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh usaha atau petani ikan lele juga dalam hal menyusun laporan keuangan ikan lele. Kesimpulan dari hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini antara lain pemilik usaha ikan lele dapat memahami dan menyusun harga pokok produk pada ikan lele tersebut.Pemilik usaha ikan lele dapat memahami dan menyusun laporan keuangan usaha pada ikan lele tersebut.

Kata Kunci : Harga Pokok Produk dan Laporan Keuangan
PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING WIRAUSAHA PADA UMKM KELURAHAN TANGKERANG TENGAH KOTA PEKANBARU MELALUI EKONOMI
Authors: Chandra Roni
Published: March 2021

Indonesia memiliki potensi yang sangat besar dalam pengembangan usaha. Tercatat, bahwa Indonesia menjadi pasar ekonomi digital terbesar di Asia Tenggara. Pada tahun 2019, Indonesia dinobatkan sebagai negara dengan tingkat adopsi e-commerce tertinggi di dunia, atau setidaknya 85 persen dari pengguna internet di tanah air pernah berbelanja dan menggunakan jasa yang ditawarkan secara online. Laporan e-Conomy SEA yang disusun oleh Google, Temasek, dan Bain dan Company mencatat bahwa 37 persen konsumen digital menggunakan layanan baru karena adanya pandemi Covid-19. Maka kesimpulan pada kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini yaitu mitra dapat memahami pentingnya penggunaan media sosial dengan konsep digitalisasi.mitra dengan menggunakan media sosial dapat meningkatkan produk yang di jual oleh mitra
Dietary Modified Cassava Chip and Corn Seed: Effect on Growth Performance, Rumen Production, and Blood glucose and Insulin in Early Fattening Beef Bulls
Authors: SRAKAEW Wuttikorn , WACHIRAPAKORN Chalong , WONGNEN Chantira
Published: March 2021

Effects of feeding modified cassava chip and corn seed as energy source inclusion in diet were investigated on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites in early fattening bulls. Thirty-six 1-year-old Charolais crossbred bulls with initial weight 270 ± 50 kg were randomly assigned into 6 groups with different experimental rations as cassava-based concentrates including non-modified cassava chip (Cass-Con), with 15 % of alkaline-treated cassava chip (Cass-Alkaline), with 15 % of steam-treated cassava chip (Cass-Steam) and corn-based concentrates including non-modified corn seed (Corn-Con), with 15 % of alkaline-treated corn seed (Corn-Alkaline), and with 15 % of steam-treated corn seed (Corn-Steam), according to completely randomized design (CRD). Results showed that feed intake and digestibility were not significantly different among treatments, while digestible dry matter and organic matter intake of Cass-Steam and Corn-Alkaline were higher than those of the other diets (P < 0.05). Ruminal pH post-feeding was highest in Corn-Alkaline and lowest in Cass-Con (P < 0.05). Blood glucose was similar among treatments. However, blood insulin at 4 h post-feeding was higher in Cass-Steam, Corn-Alkaline, and Corn-Steam than in the others. Blood insulin in bulls fed corn-based concentrate was higher than in bulls fed cassava-based concentrate (P < 0.01). Body weight gain and average daily gain were significantly higher (P < 0.05), while feed conversion ratio was lower in Cass-Steam, Corn-Alkaline, and Corn-Steam as compared with in Cass-Con, Cass-Alkaline and Corn-Con. Results indicated that using a modified energy source can improve growth performance in early fattening beef bulls. An appropriate method to modify cassava chip was steam method, while alkaline method for corn seed was superior.
Application of Alkaline Pulping to Pruned Branches of Citrus limon from Sudan
Authors: KHIDER Tarig , OMER Safaa , ELZAKI Osman , MOHIELDIN Salaheldin , SHOMEINA Suhair
Published: March 2021

This study aims to utilize the pruned branches of Citrus limon in pulping with alkaline pulping methods and to determine the suitability of guar gum to improve the strength properties of pulps and limitations of cutting trees for environmental issues and utilization of lemon branches as horticultural residues. These branches’ physical properties exhibited high medium density and very low percentages of bark to wood ratio. The whole chemical components of these raw materials indicated the suitability to a pulp with alkaline cooking methods. In addition, alkaline sulfite anthraquinone with methanol methods gave excellent screened yield (60.1 %), negligible rejects, bleachable Kappa number 19.5, and best strength properties, especially tensile and strengths. Alkaline sulfite with anthraquinone gave excellent screened yield with a small percentage of rejects and bleachable Kappa number. On the other hand, soda cooking produced pulps with acceptable yield (41.9 %), rejects (3 %), and suitable strengths. The soda anthraquinone pulping methods produced pulp with good yields (56 - 59.7 %). Obviously, anthraquinone’s effect in preserving carbohydrates, specifically hemicelluloses, increases the yields and strengths. Guar gum improved pulps’ physical properties when added during beating with (0.25 % on oven-dry Soda-AQ pulps). It clears Citrus limon branches’ suitability with an age of 2 years in cooking with all alkaline pulping methods applied.
Understanding the results of practical experience for development of students ability to reasoned deliberation
Authors: Omarova Vera Konstantinovna  , Muchkin Dmitry Pavlovich  , Daurbekov Adam Mystafaevich  , Rakhimzhanova Aydana Beimbetkyzy
Published: March 2021

"The article indicates the relevance of the development of students’ ability to reasoned deliberation as an integral component of critical thinking. The authors designate and make an attempt to understand some of the problematic aspects of the development process in students’ ability to reasonably deliberate. It is based on the analysis of the researchers’ existing practical expertise. In particular, the article points out that argumentation skills do not arise automatically under the influence of the learning process, but need targeted shaping and training. It is also noted that in the process of socialization, a person can involuntarily acquire irrational ideas, which impede the formation of reasoning skills and contribute to the emergence of such negative phenomena as «naive rationalism» and «cognitive dissonance». At the same time, the authors designate the development of educational programs based on the principles of rational-emotional behavioral therapy as one of the advanced trends aimed to correct development of argumentation skills and containment of irrational beliefs. "
Оқушылардың логикалық ұғымын қалыптастырудың амал-тәсілдері
Authors: Онтуганова Шынар Шералиевна  , Жапбаров Амангелди
Published: March 2021

"Қазақ мектептерінде теориялық анықтамаларды, ережелерді, теоремалаоды дәлелдеуге үйрету тек математика, география, физика, химия сияқты пәндерінің еншісі ғана тән сияқты болып түсініледі. Шындығында, мектепте оқылатын барлық пән – ғылым негіздері болғандықтан, ғылыми әдістердің оқыту үдерісінде енгізілу дәрежесінде дамытып отыру керек. Өйткені, барлық пәннің ұғымдық анықтаманы қажет ететін термин сөздері қолданылады. Қазақстан Республикасы жалпы орта білім берудің мемлекеттік жалпыға міндетті стандартында тілді оқытудың басты міндеттерін «танымдық бағыт бойынша» ‘оқушылардың логикалық ойлауын қалыптастыру’ деп көрсетеді. Қазақ мектептерінді оқытудың жаңа бағыттары мен жаңа арналарын іздестіру мәселесі күн тәртібіне өзектілікпен қойылып отыр [1]. Дәстүрлі жүйеде оқытудың олқылық тұстары анықталып, оны болдырмаудың, әдістемені ғылыми сапалы деңгейде өсірудің сан-сапалы жолдары айқындалып келеді. Соның бірі ретінде оқушылардың ойлауын дамытуда логикалық ойлау мәдениетін дамыту мәселесі өзекті болып табылмақ. Сондықтан бұл мақалада ұғымдардың қалыптасуы ойлаумен байланысты екендігі, адамның ой-әрекеті әсіресе түрлі мәселелерді бір-біріне жанастыра, ұқсастыра отырып та шешіп беруге қабілетті екендігі туралы баяндалады. "
Мәшһүр Жүсіп Көпеевтің әйел табиғатына қатысты эстетикалық ойлары
Authors: Түсіпбаева Меруерт Балғабайқызы
Published: March 2021

"Мақалада эстетикалық санаттардың Мәшһүр Жүсіп Көпеев шығармаларындағы сипаты сөз болады. Тақырып жақсы мен жаманды салыстыру арқылы зерделенеді. Мәшһүр Жүсіп Көпейұлының шығармаларында аталған эстетикалық құндылықтардың Шал ақын, Абай Құнанбаев жырларымен үндестігі талданады. Әйелдің күнделікті тұрмыстағы болмыс-бейнесі, жүріс-тұрысы, киім киісінің әдеби шығарма бойына өрілуі қазақы ұғым, пәлсапа тұрғысында қарастырылады. Мәшһүр Жүсіп Көпейұлының «жақсы әйел» мен «жаман әйел» деген анықтамасы әйел адамның екі түрінің сипат екендігі пайымдалып, осы екі санаттың ақын өлеңде шеңберінде талдануы сирек. Бұл тұрғыдан алғанда, ұсынылған мақала қазақ эстетика ғылымының дамуына қосылған аз да болса үлес деуге болады. Сонымен қатар, мақалада рухани жаңғырудың эстетикалық құндылықтармен байланысы сөз болады. Мәшһүртану ғылымы барынша дамып келе жатқанымен, Мәшһүр Жүсіп Көпейұлының мұраларындағы тәрбие жауһарларының қазақ эстетикасы ғылымының бөлшегі ретінде қарастырылуы сирек. Ақын шығармаларындағы әйел бейнесі эстетикалық құндылықтарға толы. Жақсы әйелдің жанында жүретін қонақжайлық, ырыс-береке, татулық, сабырлылық, имандылық, ұқыптылық, еңбекқорлық – мұның бәрі – қазақ әйеліне тән құндылық санаттар. Мәшһүр Жүсіп Көпеев шығармаларын қазақ ұлттық педагогикасы, оның ішінде эстетика санатының нысаны ретінде қарастырып, шығармалардағы әйел бейнесін эстетикалық санаттарға топтастырып қараудың өзі –Мәшһүртанудағы жаңашылдық. "
Психолого-педагогические особенности развития soft skill’s обучающихся вуза
Authors: Пшембаев Мурат Асетович  , Кудышева Айнаш Аменгельдиновна
Published: March 2021

"Статья посвящена освящению возможности развития soft skills в университете. Развитие дополнительных навыков существенно раздвинет границы профессиональной деятельности обучающихся. Авторами предложены базовые рекомендации по персональному развитию в студенчестве, так как этот период формирует вектор развития дальнейшей жизни личности. С помощью анализа аналитического исследования возрастных и социально-психологических характеристик студенчества были выявлены и систематизированы основные новообразования данного возраста (развитие самопознания, развитие сознания и самосознания, развитие самостоятельного логического мышления, изменения в интеллектуальной деятельности, формирование индивидуального стиля деятельности), которые говорят о том, что ключевой составляющей процесса развития и саморазвития soft skills у бакалавров в образовательном процессе вуза является наличие индивидуальной траектории профессионального становления. Для наибольшей эффективности обучение необходимо постановка реальной цели и моделирование процесса, базирующихся на развиваемых soft skills согласно коммуникативному полю. Отмечена важность мотивационной составляющей развития soft skills, основу которой составляют «устремления обучающегося». Рассмотрение образования как сферы деятельности позволило перейти к анализу образовательных учреждений как социальных организаций, в которых и осуществляются процессы освоения soft skills. "
In Field Assessment of Safety, Security, Comfort and Accessibility of Bus Stops: a Planning Perspective
Authors: Rossetti Silvia
Published: March 2021

There is a wide literature focused on how to design new bus stops, but the research on how to review and assess quality and safety of existing bus stops is, so far, still less developed. Therefore, this paper highlights the need for in field inspections of existing bus stops and illustrates a possible methodology to assess and review them. The paper further develops a Road Safety inspection methodology for existing bus stops. Particularly, starting from the inspection methodology, the paper describes how it is possible to handle data collected during bus stops inspections to perform a more comprehensive review of the bus stops, in terms of Road Safety, Security, Comfort and Accessibility levels. The technique was successfully applied to some bus lines in the Province of Brescia (Italy), and can be easily transferred to other contexts. Through the use of a Geographical Information System (GIS), informative layers were built, and thematic maps were realised. The assessment can then be used by technicians and decision makers to plan and prioritise interventions on the infrastructure.
El discurso gráfico en los Concursos de Arquitectura. Visualización de datos como herramienta de análisis en EGA
Authors: Moreno Latorre Arturo , Del Blanco García Federico Luis
Published: March 2021

El artículo que se expone a continuación es parte del resultado de un trabajo de investigación realizado en la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Los Concursos de Arquitectura revelan la aspiración de los concursantes por presentar la propuesta más atractiva que permita captar la atención del jurado, además de dar respuesta a los problemas y motivaciones que originan la convocatoria. 

La narración gráfica se convierte en el nexo entre el espectador y la prefiguración de algo que podría llegar a convertirse en un proyecto construido. Mediante el análisis de los instrumentos gráficos utilizados en diversas convocatorias de concursos de arquitectura convocados por el Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid, se pretende demostrar el papel que representa la comunicación visual en la lectura y valoración de una propuesta presentada. El instrumento del diagrama permite visualizar y hallar las variables gráficas más utilizadas por los concursantes, así como precisar cuáles de ellas se emplean en los proyectos premiados.
Análisis de los procesos de territorialización en el bajo Guadalquivir a través de la cartografía histórica
Authors: Merino del Río Rebeca , Linares Gómez del Pulgar Mercedes , Tejedor Cabrera Antonio
Published: March 2021

La cartografía histórica constituye una de las fuentes primarias que permiten fundamentar las distintas acciones de protección, gestión y ordenación del paisaje. Su revisión facilita, entre otros aspectos, el descubrimiento de los esquemas pretéritos de los asentamientos y de las conexiones terrestres. El artículo explora de qué forma la revisión sistemática de la cartografía histórica sostiene el análisis de los procesos de territorialización. Este análisis nos permite detectar e identificar aquellos elementos territoriales con valor patrimonial que han caracterizado el paisaje cultural en distintos periodos históricos. Se propone un dispositivo gráfico que favorece la síntesis y la posterior interpretación de las reglas de transformación del patrimonio territorial que han condicionado la evolución del paisaje cultural. Esta interpretación es clave para garantizar la eficiencia de ciertas estrategias de diseño que operan sobre la dimensión paisajística, como son los itinerarios culturales. Se ejemplifica este proceso a través del caso del estudio del área de influencia de Itálica, en el ámbito del bajo Guadalquivir.
Julio Cano Lasso, dibujo, arquitectura y paisaje
Authors: Roquette Rodríguez-Villamil Juan Luis , Naya Villaverde Carlos
Published: March 2021

Se cumplen cien años del nacimiento de Cano Lasso (1920-1996), un clásico entre los maestros de la arquitectura moderna española. Merecedora de la Medalla de Oro (1991), su obra ha tenido una repercusión de alcance internacional que perdura. Recibió premios y galardones, y goza de un notable reconocimiento por parte del gran público.

Las causas de ese éxito podrían deberse a una obra de calidad dilatada en el tiempo y la geografía que, con diversos acentos, nunca pierde intensidad en sus planteamientos. Y esa continuidad se basa en una confianza desprejuiciada en la modernidad y en la tradición bajo el prisma de una visión humanística del mundo y del progreso espiritual. Su actitud de ascetismo y austeridad sabe deleitarse en los regalos que gratuitamente ofrece la naturaleza, respetándola. Su ejemplo es oportuno para afrontar los retos actuales del diseño contemporáneo.

Este texto arroja una mirada sobre los dibujos que pretende resaltar sus valores de esencialidad e intemporalidad. Cuando la cultura visual de la forma parece abocarse al diseño paramétrico, Cano Lasso reivindica “el dibujo” -sin adjetivos- como herramienta idónea para configurar la realidad arquitectónica en el territorio, con criterios de sostenibilidad, eficiencia y respeto al medio ambiente.
Early retinal degeneration in Huntington's disease based on optical coherence tomography: a case-control study
Authors: Svetozarskiy Sergey , Kopishinskaya Svetlana , Smetankin Igor
Published: March 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters of the choroid and retina in subjects with pre-manifest and manifest Huntington's disease (HD).

Methods: In this case-control study, the retinal parameters of patients with genetically confirmed HD and healthy controls were evaluated using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Genetic and neurological assessments were performed besides a thorough ophthalmological examination. Contrast Sensitivity (CS) logarithm was evaluated using the Freiburg Vision Test. The association between OCT parameters and clinical and genetic characteristics was studied.

Results: A total of 91 subjects, including 60 HD subjects (60 eyes) and 31 control subjects (31 eyes) were eligible according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The range of the CAG (cytosine-adenine-guanine) repeat expansion size was 38–56 repeats, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the Unified HD Rating Scale (UHDRS) motor scores was 36.3±29.7, and disease duration was 13.7±7.2 years in HD subjects. Compared to the control group, significant decreases in the mean ganglion cell complex thickness and mean, temporal, superior, inferior, and nasal retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in HD subjects was revealed in OCT examination (P-values < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.023, 0.007 and 0.014, respectively). An inverse correlation between the disease duration and the mean RNFL thickness (r =- 0.470, P = 0.002) was found.

Conclusions: Localization of retinal thickness loss shows a specific pattern of retinal neurodegeneration in HD, similar to Parkinson’s disease and mitochondrial diseases. The association with the disease duration confirms the progressive nature of these changes.
Effects of ascorbic acid on chemical and thermal corneal burns: a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Al-Namaeh Mashael , Andersson Robert
Published: March 2021

Background: Ascorbic acid has been suggested to be effective against chemical burns. It was first tested in rabbits before being implemented in human subjects. It was proven to be useful in treatments for different conditions, such as corneal chemical and thermal burns. Herein, we aimed to review the effects of ascorbic acid in the healing of chemical and thermal corneal burns.

Methods: We performed an electronic search of English literature in MEDLINE, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar, without time constraints. Articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, using they keywords “Corneal Burn,” AND “Corneal Ulcer,” AND “Vitamin C.” This yielded 17 English language articles focused on the effect of vitamin C on chemical or thermal corneal burn-induced ulcers.

Results: The 17 eligible studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria included three retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative studies on human subjects and 14 in vivo, laboratory-based studies on rabbits (12 studies), rats (one study), as well as guinea-pigs (one study). Most studies showed benefits in using vitamin C as a prophylactic treatment to delay or stop corneal ulcer formation after chemical or thermal corneal burn.

Conclusions: Vitamin C is a very basic, inexpensive prescription and can be used to treat corneal ulcers following a variety of corneal burns. This review highlights the necessity for conducting randomized controlled trials to investigate the prophylactic role of vitamin C and to determine its minimum required dose for the management of corneal ulcers after different types of corneal burns.
Sutureless scleral-fixated intraocular lens: long-term outcomes
Authors: Felcida Vinaya , Chawla Anand , Kalogeropoulos Dimitrios , Tyagi Ajai K
Published: March 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of sutureless scleral-fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL) implantation at a tertiary referral center.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 50 eyes of 43 consecutive patients who underwent sutureless SFIOL implantation by a single surgeon from January 2009 to December 2015. Indications for surgery were aphakia, dislocated intraocular lens (IOL), complicated cataract surgery (posterior capsule rupture, zonular dialysis, dropped nucleus), iris-clipped IOL with corneal decompensation, and lens with poor capsular support. Indication for surgery, visual acuity, ocular history, ocular comorbidities, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and the need for further surgery were analyzed.

Results: The analysis conducted on 50 eyes from 43 patients with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) follow-up of 16.64 ± 9.34 months. Patients were 27 (63%) men and 16 (37%) women with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 53.36 ± 22.45 years (range 8–90 years). Final visual acuity was 6/18 or better in 39 eyes. SFIOL was stable and well centered in 48 eyes. SFIOL dislocation was noted in 2 eyes, retinal detachment in 1 eye, and worsening of diabetic cystoid macular edema in 1 eye. Two patients with pre-existing corneal decompensation from complicated cataract surgery had worsening of their condition

Conclusions: Sutureless SFIOL could be considered as a long-term option for the management of aphakia, dislocated IOL, and lens with poor capsular support. However, future studies with more subjects, longer follow-ups, and robust study design are needed to confirm the results of the present study.
Five generations of intraocular lens power calculation formulas: a review
Authors: Tsiropoulos Georgios , Loukovitis Eleftherios , Koronis Spyridon N , Sidiropoulos Georgios , Tsotridou Eleni , Anogeianakis Georgios
Published: March 2021

Background: The effectiveness of cataract surgery depends on preoperative biometric data, including the axial length (AL), keratometric value (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and the accuracy of the intraocular lens power (IOLp) calculation. Five generations of IOLp calculation formulas have been developed. This review summarizes these formulas and focuses on the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each. Moreover, it compares the results of several formulas used in patients with specific characteristics.

Methods: The authors searched PubMed and Google Scholar, using keyword combinations including IOLp, formulas, AL, ACD, K, and diopters (D). Two hundred recent articles that referred to IOLp calculation formulas and their effectiveness when used preoperatively in cataract surgery were retrieved and analyzed.

Results: Each generation has advantages and disadvantages for individual patients, and the selection of the most appropriate IOL differs due to patients’ different ALs. The shorter or longer the eye is, the less accurate some formulas become. Formulas such as SRK-T, Holladay, SRK-II, Hoffer, and Binkhorst II seem to have comparable efficacy. However, studies have indicated that Hoffer is superior for short eyes. In contrast, SRK/T appears to be slightly more superior for long eyes. The fifth-generation formulas also appear to be very promising.

Conclusions: Based on the available literature, there is no gold standard as yet that can be used for all patients. Instead, each patient should be managed individually depending on their particular eye characteristics.
Efectividad de cepas de Aspergillus y Penicillium en la degradación de polietileno de baja densidad aislados en los botaderos de los Distritos de Sicuani y Calca- Cusco.
Authors: Mostajo-Zavaleta Martha N. , Ochoa-Cámara María L. , Ambur- Soncco Ruth L.
Published: March 2021

Se evaluó la eficiencia de degradación de Polietileno de baja densidad por cepas de Aspergillus y Penicillium,aislados de los botaderos de los distritos de Calca y Sicuani- Cusco.  Para el aislamiento de hongos de residuos de plástico, se utilizó el método por incrustación, la identificación taxonómica de las cepas se realizó utilizando el sistema de identificación para especies de Aspergillus y Penicillium propuesto por Pitt. La concentración de esporas y la actividad degradadora de polietileno se determinó por el Método de Kavelman. & Kendrick. Se aislaron 7 cepas degradadoras de polietileno, de las cuales 4 corresponden a Aspergillus flavus, y 1 cepa a Penicillium sp, proveniente del botadero de Sicuani; 2 cepas a Aspergillus terreus aisladas del botadero de Calca. Las cepas más eficientes en degradación de polietileno fueron 3AS y 3BS aisladas de superficie con 50 y 29 % de eficiencia y la cepa 1BS aislada a 50 cm de profundidad con una eficiencia de degradación de 29 %, todas pertenecen a la especie de Aspergillus flavus, la cepa 2AS de Penicillium sp, se aisló a 50 cm de profundidad, con 15 % de eficiencia, aisladas del botadero de Sicuani.  Las cepas 1AC, 1EC de Aspergillus terreus, con 15 y 17 % de eficiencia, fueron aisladas de superficie del botadero de Calca respectivamente.  El Consorcio I constituido por 3 cepas de Aspergillus flavus fue el más eficiente degradando 44.3 % de polietileno, los consorcios II y III presentaron la misma eficiencia de degradación estadísticamente con 26 y 19 %.
Management of Village Finance to Achieve Good Governance in Talagasari, Garut
Authors: Ismail Barokah Riki
Published: March 2021

This study aims to explore village authority in village financial management to realize village governance in accordance with the principles of Good Governance. One of the financing for the Village Government program is the Village Fund Budget (ADD). The research method used is descriptive analysis to get a clear picture by examining secondary data. Secondary data is obtained through literature studies from primary legal materials and secondary legal materials related to regional autonomy in villages in the management of Village Government, particularly with regard to the performance of Village-Owned Enterprises based on Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. The data obtained from this study were analyzed juridically normative with a statutory approach. The results showed the accountability of the village head in managing village finances. In exercising the power of village financial management, the village head authorizes part of his power to the Village apparatus. (2) The village head as the holder of the village financial management power as referred to in paragraph (1), has the authority to: a. establish policies regarding the implementation of APBDesa; b. determine PTPKD; c. determine the officer who collects village revenue; d. approve expenditures for activities stipulated in APBDesa; and e. take actions that result in spending at the expense of the Village Budget. The factors that become obstacles in Talagasari, namely the lack of information and lack of direction in the distribution of ADD, so that it contributes low to community empowerment.
Legal Profession Code of Ethics as Justice Enforcement for Professional Judges
Authors: Ghani Achmad
Published: March 2021

Ethics of living side by side and being tied to each other in the life of many people. Ethics has control over the creation of a mindset and treatment of the values ​​of goodness that must be done and evil that must be avoided. The concept of ethical practice affects every professional in all fields, including the legal profession. The bearer of the legal profession is a person who has expertise and ability in the field of law. The knowledge that is owned is independently able to meet the needs of people who seek service and justice according to their expertise. Judges in their profession are deciding cases that are present at court. Of course, the fulfillment of the right to justice before the law is the ultimate goal of a profession that he carries. In deciding a case, a judge must be based on his knowledge, moral independence, and also the code of ethics for the judge's profession that is inherent in him in order to create a just decision based on divinity.
Parasitic Infections In The Blue Crab Swimmer Portunus pelagicus (Linneaus, 1758), (Arthropoda: Crustacea) Found in the Arabian Gulf (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
Authors: Alsaqabi Souad M , Eshky Ali A. , Albelali Asma S.
Published: March 2021

The Blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus, (Linnaeus, 1758), has world-wide economic and nutritional importance. It is considered one of the main economic groups of marine organisms in the coastal regions of the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf near the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study was carried out during 2007 in the coastal area of AL-Khobar City in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. The study described external and internal parasites of the blue swimmer crab drawn and photographed by light and microscopes. The study reported the following parasites in the blue crab: Octolasmis sp. (Gray, 1825), pepper spots parasites, Balanus sp. (Da Costa, 1778), as an external parasite in crustaceans of Cypris sp (O. F. Müller, 1776) and Calanus sp. (Leach, 1819). In addition, free-living nematodes were observed on external parts of the crab while some commensal Amoeba sp. (Ehrenberg, 1930 ) were observed during examination of the hindgut of the crab. This is the first study of its kind in the Eastern Province of the Kigdom of Saudi Arabia.
NETWORKING OF TEACHERS AT SENIOR SECONDARY LEVEL
Authors: Pandey Awinash
Published: March 2021

The study attempts to develop the notion that networking among the teachers can influence the academic achievement of the students in a positive direction along with the smooth implementation of the curriculum at senior secondary level in the schools. In the current study, the syllabus of different subjects of Grade XI and XII has been overviewed and compared with each other on the basis of contents. The curriculum issued by Central Board of Secondary Education, Council for the Indian School Certificate Examination, Cambridge International Examination and some of the State Boards has been undertaken to review the syllabus of various subjects. It has been found that many topics are similar in the syllabus of two or more subjects. It has also been noticed that the teachers face challenges to complete the syllabus in the allotted numbers of classes throughout the year. If one teacher can teach effectively a topic which is being repeated in the other subject then such networking and coordination can save the time and energy of both the teachers as well as the students which in turn removes the other challenges in routine curriculum.
A STUDY OF THE VALUE PREFERENCES OF FEMALE STUDENTS
OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Tripathy Sangitarani
Published: March 2021

The growing concern over the erosion of values and increasing cynicism in our society
particularly among the younger generation has brought to focus the need of readjustment in order to make education a forceful tool for cultivation of social, moral and ethical values. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the value preference of senior secondary students of urban areas of Cuttack district of Odisha. The researcher took 50 numbers of female senior secondary students of CBSE schools. All CBSE schools of Odisha constitute the population of the study,where 5 CBSE urban schools from Cuttack district constitute the sample of the study. The sample was selected by using random sampling method. The analysis and interpretation of the data was done by simple percentage calculation. The major findings of the study were the female students of urban CBSE schools gave first preference to spiritual values and last preference to physical values.
INNOVATIVE TEACHING METHODS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Puranik Shobhana
Published: March 2021

21st Century is the age of cataclysmic change and creativity. India needs educated man power in huge numbers. Traditional teaching learning methodology is outdated and best methods are to be identified to improve the required skills of the teachers and students. There exists a strong need to change pedagogy from fact-based traditional lecturing to interactive teaching with the aim of fostering durable and employability skills. To address this problem, innovation in teaching and learning has become essential. Adoption of various methods and strategies as mentioned in the paper will help in getting the desired outcome. The present paper describes innovative teaching methods being adopted by higher educational institutes in the country.
The Response of the Amazon Ecosystem to the Photosynthetically Active Radiation Fields: Integrating Impacts of Biomass Burning Aerosol and Clouds in the NASA GEOS ESM
Authors: Bian Huisheng , Lee Eunjee , Koster Randal D. , Barahona Donifan , Chin Mian , Colarco Peter R. , Darmenov Anton , Mahanama Sarith , Manyin Michael , Norris Peter , Shilling John , Yu Hongbin , Zeng Fanwei
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Amazon experiences fires every year, and the resulting biomass burning aerosols, together with cloud particles, influence the penetration of sunlight through the atmosphere, increasing the ratio of diffuse to direct photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) reaching the vegetation canopy and thereby potentially increasing ecosystem productivity. In this study, we use the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model running with coupled aerosol, cloud, radiation, and ecosystem modules to investigate the impact of Amazon biomass burning aerosols on ecosystem productivity, as well as the role of the Amazon’s clouds in tempering the impact. The study focuses on a seven-year period (2010–2016) during which the Amazon experienced a variety of dynamic environments (e.g., La Niña, normal years, and El Niño). The radiative impacts of biomass burning aerosols on ecosystem productivity – call here the aerosol light fertilizer effect – are found to increase Amazonian Gross Primary Production (GPP) by 2.6 % via a 3.8 % increase in diffuse PAR (DFPAR) despite a 5.4 % decrease in direct PAR (DRPAR) on multiyear average. On a monthly basis, this increase in GPP can be as large as 9.9 % (occurring in August 2010). Consequently, the net primary production (NPP) in the Amazon is increased by 1.5 %, or ~92 TgCyr−1– equivalent to ~37 % of the carbon lost due to Amazon fires over the seven years considered. Clouds, however, strongly regulate the effectiveness of the aerosol light fertilizer effect. The efficiency of the fertilizer effect is highest for cloud-free conditions and linearly decreases with increasing cloud amount until the cloud fraction reaches ~0.8, at which point the aerosol-influenced light changes from being a stimulator to an inhibitor of plant growth. Nevertheless, interannual changes in the overall strength of the aerosol light fertilizer effect are primarily controlled by the large interannual changes in biomass burning aerosols rather than by changes in cloudiness during the studied period.