bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Durability and performance of loofah sponge as carrier for wastewater treatment with high ammonium
Authors: Zhang Jian , Yang Jianpeng , Tian Qing , Liang Xing , Zhu Yanbin , Sand Wolfgang , Li Fang , Ma Chunyan , Liu Yanbiao , Yang Bo
Published: January 2019

Loofah sponge (LS) was used as carrier for high ammonia wastewater treatment with a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR), aimed at evaluating its nitrogen removal performance and durability to changeable pH and microbial corrosion. The results indicate that the average removal for COD, –N and total nitrogen (TN) accounted for more than 80%, 90%, and 70%, respectively, in 203 days. After SBBR operation for 108 days, the average weight loss of the loofah sponge was 49.1%. Yet, the main structure of utilized loofah sponge remained unaffected (proved by scanning electron microscopy). Moreover, based on attenuated total reflection‐infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, cellulose, and hemicelluloses in the loofah sponge were reduced significantly obviously causing the proportion of lignin to increase. During the 108th to 203 days, the removal efficiencies of COD (81.6 ± 7.05%), –N (79.4 ± 8.82%), and TN (79.9 ± 2.85%) remained at a high level.

Practitioner points

Loofah sponge had good durability to high ammonia and changeable pH.

Lignin was the protective material of loofah sponge for resisting pH fluctuation and microbial corrosion.

SBBR maintained a steady nitrogen removal performance with a low COD/N ratio.
Museums as Mentor Texts: Preservice Teachers Analyze Informational Text Structures and Features Present in a Historical Museum
Authors: Kissel Brian , Miller Erin , Byker Erik , Good Amy , Fitchett Paul
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine how elementary preservice teachers ( n = 35) experienced museums as potential sites for K-5 students to read museums using two lenses: to learn the history of the place in which they live and examine how museum authors craft texts to tell those stories. Along with exploring historical content, preservice teachers studied the museum as an informational text. Through this experience, preservice teachers discovered: 1) the five informational text structures museum authors used to present information and 2) how museum authors conveyed contemporary and social issues using various forms of writing. Additionally, the museum experience provided a context in which the preservice teachers could engage in critical literacy practices.
‘Who is a Negator of History?’ Revisiting the Debate over Left Fascism 50 Years after 1968
Authors: DUFORD ROCHELLE
Published: January 2019

This paper revisits a debate dating from 1968 over the existence of left fascism and the role of theory and praxis in combating it. I trace the contours of the debate through the philosophy of history as it is delineated by Adorno, Deleuze, Foucault, and Marcuse. This positions the existence of left-wing fascism as a question concerning the role of history and futurity in thought and action. Specifically, the debate is formed by disagreement over the possibility of spontaneous action unconditioned by authoritarian social structures. I argue that Adorno and Foucault both require the use of history in service of liberation, while Deleuze and Marcuse seek to negate history in order to develop a new world in which the subject might be free. Lastly, I provide contemporary context to this unresolved debate, ultimately arguing that both sides of the debate must be considered in irresolvable dialectical tension with the other.
Does the addition of dextrose to IV crystalloid therapy provide clinical benefit in acute dehydration? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Grigsby Ashley , Herron Jennifer , Hunter Benton R.
Published: January 2019

Objectives

Intravenous dextrose aids in the resolution of ketosis in dehydrated patients not tolerating oral glucose and is often recommended in this clinical scenario. Our aim was to determine whether the addition of dextrose to intravenous rehydration solutions results in decreased hospital admissions or other clinically important benefits among dehydrated children or adults.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Library were searched by a medical librarian from inception through November 2017. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials comparing dextrose containing intravenous solutions with intravenous solutions without dextrose in patients being treated for dehydration, and not already hospitalized.

Results

The database and bibliographies search identified 1,472 unique citations. Only two trials (N = 333) met the inclusion criteria. Both compared normal saline with solutions of dextrose in normal saline. There was no statistically significant difference in admission rates (relative risk = 0.83; 95% confidence interval = 0.62 to 1.10) or revisits (relative risk = 0.54; 95% confidence interval = 0.24 to 1.22). Heterogeneity was low (I2= 0). No other outcome results were eligible for pooling, but neither study found differences in any clinical outcomes. No adverse events were reported in either trial.

Conclusions

The addition of dextrose to intravenous saline has not been shown to improve clinical outcomes in dehydrated children presenting to the emergency department with gastroenteritis, but the confidence intervals around the estimate of effect are wide and include the possibility of substantial benefit.
How Much Sciatic Nerve Does Hip Flexion Require?
Authors: Robinson Lawrence R. , Probyn Linda
Published: January 2019

Measured nerve conduction velocity in the fibular nerve increases across the knee during hip flexion. This is due to stretching of sciatic and fibular nerves. We modeled the additional nerve length required for the sciatic nerve to course around the flexed hip, based upon distance between the hip and the sciatic nerve on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The median distance from the femoral head to the sciatic nerve was 41 mm. The model predicted that 64 mm of sciatic nerve is required for hip flexion. This impacts our understanding of lower limb nerve conduction studies and clinical straight leg raising tests.
Structure, regulation and related diseases of the actin-binding protein gelsolin
Authors: Feldt Jessica , Schicht Martin , Garreis Fabian , Welss Jessica , Schneider Ulrich W. , Paulsen Friedrich
Published: January 2019

Gelsolin (GSN), one of the most abundant actin-binding proteins, is involved in cell motility, shape and metabolism. As a member of the GSN superfamily, GSN is a highly structured protein in eukaryotic cells that can be regulated by calcium concentration, intracellular pH, temperature and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. GSN plays an important role in cellular mechanisms as well as in different cellular interactions. Because of its participation in immunologic processes and its interaction with different cells of the immune system, GSN is a potential candidate for various therapeutic applications. In this review, we summarise the structure of GSN as well as its regulating and functional roles, focusing on distinct diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. A short overview of GSN as a therapeutic target in today's medicine is also provided.
The Narrative Turn, Corporate Storytelling, and Oral History: Canada’s Petroleum Oral History Project and Truth and Reconciliation Commission Call to Action No. 92
Authors: THIESSEN JANIS
Published: January 2019

As business historians embrace the narrative turn, they would do well to consider the opportunities provided by oral history. For-profit corporate storytellers offer one approach. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) of Canada’s call to action no. 92, however, offers a better one. This article explores the potential impact on business historians of the TRC, using the Petroleum Industry Oral History Project as an example.
Oral History and the Business History of Emerging Markets
Authors: JONES GEOFFREY , COMUNALE RACHAEL
Published: January 2019

This article highlights the benefits that rigorous use of oral history can offer to research on the contemporary business history of emerging markets. Oral history can help fill some of the major information voids arising from the absence of a strong tradition of creating and making accessible corporate archives in most countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It also permits a level of nuance that is hard to obtain even if written archives are accessible. Oral histories provide insights into why events did not occur, and why companies have chosen certain industries over others. Oral history can also shed light on hyper-sensitive topics, such corruption, which are rarely formally documented.
Cousins Once Removed? Revisiting the Relationship between Oral History and Business History
Authors: CRAWFORD ROBERT , BAILEY MATTHEW
Published: January 2019

This article analyses the evolving relationship between mainstream oral history and business oral history, and explores the ways in which the latter has been deployed and discussed in business history journals. Business historians have, until relatively recently, tended to utilize oral history as a means to fill gaps in the archive. Interviews thus made important contributions to business history studies, but much of their potential remained untapped. Recent critical engagement with issues of methodology and interpretation has seen a discernible shift in the ways that oral history is being understood by business historians. This article outlines this evolution and the possibilities that it raises for both business and oral history.
Early Cretaceous cyclostome bryozoans from the early to middle Albian of the Glen Rose and Walnut formations of Texas, USA
Authors: Martha Silviu O. , Taylor Paul D. , Rader William L.
Published: January 2019

The Glen Rose and Walnut formations of southcentral and northcentral Texas comprise shallow-water carbonates deposited during the late Aptian to middle Albian on a carbonate platform. The formations are famous for their rich fossil faunas. Although bryozoans are absent in late Aptian sediments, they are frequently found encrusting bivalve shells from the early to middle Albian parts of these formations. Here, we describe the cyclostome bryozoan fauna, which includes six species;Stomatoporasp.,Oncousoecia khirarn. sp.,Reptomultisparsa mclemoreaen. sp.,Hyporosopora keeran. sp.,Mesonopora bernardwalterin. sp., and ?Unicaveasp. Most cyclostomes are found encrusting rudist shells from Unit 2 of the Lower Member of the Glen Rose Formation and units 3 and 6 of the Upper Member of the Glen Rose Formation.

UUID:http://zoobank.org/4380dcb5-63b2-4aa9-959c-09eb6b03831f
BASES AND BOREL SELECTORS FOR TALL FAMILIES
Authors: GREBÍK JAN , UZCÁTEGUI CARLOS
Published: January 2019

Given a family${\cal C}$of infinite subsets of${\Bbb N}$, we study when there is a Borel function$S:2^{\Bbb N} \to 2^{\Bbb N} $such that for every infinite$x \in 2^{\Bbb N} $,$S\left( x \right) \in {\Cal C}$and$S\left( x \right) \subseteq x$. We show that the family of homogeneous sets (with respect to a partition of a front) as given by the Nash-Williams’ theorem admits such a Borel selector. However, we also show that the analogous result for Galvin’s lemma is not true by proving that there is an$F_\sigma $tall ideal on${\Bbb N}$without a Borel selector. The proof is not constructive since it is based on complexity considerations. We construct a${\bf{\Pi }}_2^1 $tall ideal on${\Bbb N}$without a tall closed subset.
STRONG DENSITY OF DEFINABLE TYPES AND CLOSED ORDERED DIFFERENTIAL FIELDS
Authors: BROUETTE QUENTIN , KOVACSICS PABLO CUBIDES , POINT FRANÇOISE
Published: January 2019

The following strong form of density of definable types is introduced for theoriesTadmitting a fibered dimension functiond: given a modelMofTand a definable setX⊆Mn, there is a definable typepinX, definable over a code forXand of the samed-dimension asX. Both o-minimal theories and the theory of closed ordered differential fields (CODF) are shown to have this property. As an application, we derive a new proof of elimination of imaginaries for CODF.
Reduced fusion systems over p-groups with abelian subgroup of index p: III
Authors: Oliver Bob , Ruiz Albert
Published: January 2019

We finish the classification, begun in two earlier papers, of all simple fusion systems over finite nonabelian p-groups with an abelian subgroup of index p. In particular, this gives many new examples illustrating the enormous variety of exotic examples that can arise. In addition, we classify all simple fusion systems over infinite nonabelian discrete p-toral groups with an abelian subgroup of index p. In all of these cases (finite or infinite), we reduce the problem to one of listing all 𝔽pG-modules (for G finite) satisfying certain conditions: a problem which was solved in the earlier paper [15] using the classification of finite simple groups.
On critical and supercritical pseudo-relativistic nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Choi Woocheol , Hong Younghun , Seok Jinmyoung
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we investigate existence and non-existence of a nontrivial solution to the pseudo-relativistic nonlinear Schrödinger equation$$\left( \sqrt{-c^2\Delta + m^2 c^4}-mc^2\right) u + \mu u = \vert u \vert^{p-1}u\quad {\rm in}~{\open R}^n~(n \ges 2) $$involving anH1/2-critical/supercritical power-type nonlinearity, that is,p ⩾ ((n + 1)/(n − 1)). We prove that in the non-relativistic regime, there exists a nontrivial solution provided that the nonlinearity isH1/2-critical/supercritical but it isH1-subcritical. On the other hand, we also show that there is no nontrivial bounded solution either (i) if the nonlinearity isH1/2-critical/supercritical in the ultra-relativistic regime or (ii) if the nonlinearity isH1-critical/supercritical in all cases.
Gradient estimates for nonlinear elliptic equations with a gradient-dependent nonlinearity
Authors: Ching Joshua , Cîrstea Florica C.
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we obtain gradient estimates of the positive solutions to weightedp-Laplacian type equations with a gradient-dependent nonlinearity of the form0.1$${\rm div }( \vert x \vert ^\sigma \vert \nabla u \vert ^{p-2}\nabla u) = \vert x \vert ^{-\tau }u^q \vert \nabla u \vert ^m\quad {\rm in}\;\Omega^*: = \Omega {\rm \setminus }\{ 0\} .$$Here,$\Omega \subseteq {\open R}^N$denotes a domain containing the origin with$N\ges 2$, whereas$m,q\in [0,\infty )$,$1
\max \{p-m-1,\sigma +\tau -1\}$. The main difficulty arises from the dependence of the right-hand side of (0.1) onx,uand$ \vert \nabla u \vert $, without any upper bound restriction on the powermof$ \vert \nabla u \vert $. Our proof of the gradient estimates is based on a two-step process relying on a modified version of the Bernstein's method. As a by-product, we extend the range of applicability of the Liouville-type results known for (0.1).
Interlacing polynomials and the veronese construction for rational formal power series
Authors: Zhang Philip B.
Published: January 2019

Fixing a positive integer r and $0 \les k \les r-1$, define $f^{\langle r,k \rangle }$ for every formal power series f as $ f(x) = f^{\langle r,0 \rangle }(x^r)+xf^{\langle r,1 \rangle }(x^r)+ \cdots +x^{r-1}f^{\langle r,r-1 \rangle }(x^r).$ Jochemko recently showed that the polynomial $U^{n}_{r,k}\, h(x) := ( (1+x+\cdots +x^{r-1})^{n} h(x) )^{\langle r,k \rangle }$ has only non-positive zeros for any $r \ges \deg h(x) -k$ and any positive integer n. As a consequence, Jochemko confirmed a conjecture of Beck and Stapledon on the Ehrhart polynomial $h(x)$ of a lattice polytope of dimension n, which states that $U^{n}_{r,0}\,h(x)$ has only negative, real zeros whenever $r\ges n$. In this paper, we provide an alternative approach to Beck and Stapledon's conjecture by proving the following general result: if the polynomial sequence $( h^{\langle r,r-i \rangle }(x))_{1\les i \les r}$ is interlacing, so is $( U^{n}_{r,r-i}\, h(x) )_{1\les i \les r}$. Our result has many other interesting applications. In particular, this enables us to give a new proof of Savage and Visontai's result on the interlacing property of some refinements of the descent generating functions for coloured permutations. Besides, we derive a Carlitz identity for refined coloured permutations.
ON GENERATORS AND DISTURBANCES OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF CHAOTIC POINTS
Authors: PAWLAK RYSZARD J. , POPRAWA JUSTYNA
Published: January 2019

We analyse local aspects of chaos for nonautonomous periodic dynamical systems in the context of generating autonomous dynamical systems and the possibility of disturbing them.
Constrained Presidential Power in Africa? Legislative Independence and Executive Rule Making in Kenya, 1963–2013
Authors: Opalo Ken Ochieng’
Published: January 2019

Do institutions constrain presidential power in Africa? Conventional wisdom holds that personalist rule grants African presidents unchecked powers. Consequently, there is very little research on African institutions such as legislatures and their impact on executive authority. In this article, the author uses original data on the exercise of presidential authority (issuance of subsidiary legislation) to examine how legislative independence conditions presidential rule making in Kenya. The study exploits quasi-exogenous changes in legislative independence, and finds that Kenyan presidents issue relatively more Legal Notices under periods of legislative weakness, but are constrained from doing so under periods of legislative independence. These findings shed new light on institutional politics in Kenya, and illustrate how executive–legislative relations in the country conform to standard predictions in the literature on unilateral executive action.
Linear Groups with Almost Right Engel Elements
Authors: Shumyatsky Pavel
Published: January 2019

Let G be a linear group such that for every g ∈ G there is a finite set ${\cal R}(g)$ with the property that for every x ∈ G all sufficiently long commutators [g, x, x, …, x] belong to ${\cal R}(g)$. We prove that G is finite-by-hypercentral.
COMMENT ON ‘DE ROO ET AL. (2019). ON-FARM TRIALS FOR DEVELOPMENT IMPACT? THE ORGANIZATION OF RESEARCH AND THE SCALING OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES’
Authors: WALL PATRICK C. , THIERFELDER CHRISTIAN L. , NYAGUMBO ISAIAH , RUSINAMHODZI LEONARD , MUPANGWA WALTER
Published: January 2019

In their recent paper ‘On-farm trials for development impact? The organization of research and the scaling of agricultural technologies’, de Roo, Andersson and Krupnik report on three case studies, each undertaken by one of the authors, of projects conducting on-farm research. They reach conclusions on the limitations of the projects themselves and the effects of ‘donor dependency’, and propose a strategy to overcome these issues. However, the description of the philosophy, strategies and conduct of the projects reviewed in the southern African case study is incomplete and misleading, and shows that the case study author did not understand or overlooked important project components. Due to this the conclusions reached, insofar as this case study is concerned, are largely either invalid or already contemplated in the project activities. Here, we describe more fully the philosophy and strategies followed by the series of projects on which the case study was conducted, which were designed to facilitate, through the upscaling of project methodologies, the eventual outscaling and widespread adoption of more sustainable farming systems by smallholder farmers in eastern and southern Africa. We propose these methodologies as a valid comprehensive approach to the organization of agricultural research for development for the successful development, scaling-up and scaling-out of agricultural technologies.
PAUPER, PERCENTILE, PRECARITY: ANALYTICS FOR POVERTY STUDIES IN AFRICA
Authors: GUYER JANE I.
Published: January 2019

The paper reviews the history of the concepts used to depict poverty in Africa. “Pauperism” is a legal concept, deriving from early modern law in Britain, which frames individual situations, places the paupers under specific rights and duties, and was applied in early colonial situations. Percentile is a economic-demographic concept, implying class difference, indexed to measurable or imputed monetary income, which became an instrument of government in the colonial world mainly after 1945, moving into the international comparative world after the era of independence. In the neoliberal era after 1989, the concept of precarity, and a focus on realizable assets rather than income, has taken higher profile than an emergent replacement for the comparative-percentile approach, sometimes now depicted as “living on $2 a day”. The paper indicates the conceptual and political implications and challenges of each of these depictions.
WHEN NUMBERS REPRESENTED POVERTY: THE CHANGING MEANING OF THE FOOD RATION IN FRENCH COLONIAL AFRICA
Authors: BONNECASE VINCENT
Published: January 2019

This article examines the evolution of dietary knowledge about French colonial Africa, from the 1920s to the early 1950s. More specifically, it focuses on efforts to quantify daily food intake by tracing the different meanings assigned to nutrition over time. While such statistics were used as early as the 1920s to evaluate the food consumption of populations most useful to the imperial economy, it was only after the Second World War that they became a means of measuring living standards according to universal metrics. This history invites us to reflect on how poverty in Africa came to be recognized as a problem, by showing that such a process has neither been based entirely on social reality nor on the knowledge produced to delineate privation. Rather it also emerged from the changing set of meanings associated with this knowledge.
The Petition as Event: Colonial Bombay,circa1889–1914
Authors: KIDAMBI PRASHANT
Published: January 2019

The historiography on colonial petitioning has primarily construed it as an authorized ritual of supplication designed to affirm and reproduce established power relations. This article restores to the analysis of the petition its status as a potential ‘event’ that could exceed its documentary confines and generate new communities of action. Focusing specifically on colonial Bombay,circa1889–1914, it highlights three ways in which petitioning marked a rupture in the relations between rulers and ruled, and heralded significant shifts in the local constructions of state and society. First, the article shows how Bombay's Indian residents deployed the petitioning process to contest the unprecedented degree of state intervention in their quotidian lives following an extraordinary civic crisis that engulfed the city in the last decade of the Victorian era. Secondly, the article contends that the petitions that ordinary Indians in Bombay submitted to the different agencies of urban government point to a more complex set of orientations to the colonial state than has been acknowledged by scholars. Thirdly, the article argues that by the end of the nineteenth century, collective petitioning in colonial Bombay had become embedded in forms of political action with which it is conventionally regarded as being incompatible.
A Bureaucracy of Rejection: Petitioning and the impoverished paternalism of the British-Indian Raj
Authors: STEPHENS JULIA
Published: January 2019

Bombay, the hub of Britain's Indian Ocean empire, hosted a ceaseless flow of humanity: sailors and lawyers, street performers and royal refugees. When fate set obstacles in their way, the residents of this teeming metropolis petitioned colonial officials, looking on them as patriarchal providers of last resort. These petitions, which this article terms ‘personal pleas’, adeptly braided different, often contradictory, idioms of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century imperial governance, from stylized imitations of traditional authority to bureaucratic proceduralism. Their functional contribution to Raj governance, however, remains a puzzle since the vast majority of petitions were rejected. For the British, the steady flow of rejections threatened to unmask the disjuncture between the expectations and realities of Raj paternalism. As a result, colonial officials viewed personal pleas with a mixture of ridicule and concern. Yet, while unsettling for officials, personal pleas rarely spurred the collective politics associated with anti-colonial resistance. Thus, where other articles in this special issue focus on petitioning's functional contributions to the consolidation of state bureaucracies and the formation of new publics, this article traces the genre's more emotive dimensions. Even as they failed to consolidate colonial discipline or resistance, personal pleas provided a vehicle for the airing of the lived contradictions and tensions of empire. They allowed rulers and subjects alike to fantasize about the possibility of a more benevolent order, and to vent their frustration when those fantasies crumbled in the face of imperial indifference.
Cows and Constitutionalism
Authors: DE ROHIT
Published: January 2019

Cows have been the subject of political petitioning in South Asia for over a hundred years. This article examines the changing relationship between communities and the state in India through the transformation of petitioning practices—from ‘monster’ petitions, to postcard campaigns and constitutional writs—by the proponents and opponents of the cow protection movement from the late nineteenth century through to the first decades of independence. The article shows that, instead of disciplining and formalizing popular politics, petitioning provides channels for mobilization and disruption. As Hindus and Muslims engaged in competitive petitioning to rally a public, persuade the executive, or litigate through the courts, the question of cow slaughter was recast from one of community representation to religious belief, to property rights, to federalism, and, finally, questions of national economic development. In the absence of representative government in colonial India, Hindus for cow protection generated massive petitions which argued that they represented popular democratic will. Despite the lack of a constitution, Muslim petitioners sought to establish a judicially enforceable framework to protect their right to cow slaughter. Independence, which brought both democracy and a written constitution, caused a fundamental break with older claims and forms of petitioning, and led to both Hindus and Muslims seeking to settle the debate through writ petitions before constitutional courts.
Petitioning and Political Cultures in South Asia: Introduction
Authors: DE ROHIT , TRAVERS ROBERT
Published: January 2019

On 4 May 2014, as a tumultuous general election in India drew to a close, theIndian Expressnewspaper published a column by Tavleen Singh, with the headline ‘No more petitioners: no more petitioners’. The column went on to quote P. Chidambaran, the outgoing finance minister of the defeated Congress government, who diagnosed a historical shift in the mentality of the Indian electorate. ‘India has moved on,’ Chidambaran was reported as saying, ‘from a petitioner society to an aspirational one. Treating people as petitioners is a mistake . . . even the poor demand a better life and are no longer resigned to their fate.’ In India, the column argued, ‘poor people’ now had ‘middle class aspirations’, desiring ‘jobs and development’ rather than ‘charity’ and that this was a major reason for the success of Narendra Modi and his Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in the 2014 elections. To be a ‘petitioner’, in this analysis, was to be ground down by poverty and resignation, and dependent on the ‘charity’ of others. It was a passing historical condition, a sign of underdevelopment that could be sloughed off by the sudden awakening across society of ‘middle class aspirations’.
Factors associated with satisfaction of inpatient psychiatric care: a cross country comparison
Authors: Bird Victoria , Miglietta Elisabetta , Giacco Domenico , Bauer Michael , Greenberg Lauren , Lorant Vincent , Moskalewicz Jacek , Nicaise Pablo , Pfennig Andrea , Ruggeri Mirella , Welbel Marta , Priebe Stefan
Published: January 2019

Background

Patient satisfaction is a key indicator of inpatient care quality and is associated with clinical outcomes following admission. Different patient characteristics have been inconsistently linked with satisfaction. This study aims to overcome previous limitations by assessing which patient characteristics are associated with satisfaction within a large study of psychiatric inpatients conducted across five European countries.

Methods

All patients with a diagnosis of psychotic (F2), affective (F3) or anxiety/somataform (F4) disorder admitted to 57 psychiatric inpatient units in Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland and the UK were included. Data were collected from medical records and face-to-face interviews, with patients approached within 2 days of admission. Satisfaction with inpatient care was measured on the Client Assessment of Treatment Scale.

Results

Higher satisfaction scores were associated with being older, employed, living with others, having a close friend, less severe illness and a first admission. In contrast, higher education levels, comorbid personality disorder and involuntary admission were associated with lower levels of satisfaction. Although the same patient characteristics predicted satisfaction within the five countries, there were significant differences in overall satisfaction scores across countries. Compared to other countries, patients in the UK were significantly less satisfied with their inpatient care.

Conclusions

Having a better understanding of patient satisfaction may enable services to improve the quality of care provided as well as clinical outcomes for all patients. Across countries, the same patient characteristics predict satisfaction, suggesting that similar analytical frameworks can and should be used when assessing satisfaction both nationally and internationally.
The Allais paradox: what it became, what it really was, what it now suggests to us
Authors: Mongin Philippe
Published: January 2019

Whereas many others have scrutinized the Allais paradox from a theoretical angle, we study the paradox from an historical perspective and link our findings to a suggestion as to how decision theory could make use of it today. We emphasize that Allais proposed the paradox asa normative argument, concerned with ‘the rational man’ and not the ‘real man’, to use his words. Moreover, and more subtly, we argue that Allais had an unusual sense of the normative, being concerned not so much with therationality of choicesas with therationality of the agent as a person. These two claims are buttressed by a detailed investigation – the first of its kind – of the 1952 Paris conference on risk, which set the context for the invention of the paradox, and a detailed reconstruction – also the first of its kind – of Allais’s specific normative argument from his numerous but allusive writings. The paper contrasts these interpretations of what the paradox historically represented, with how it generally came to function within decision theory from the late 1970s onwards: that is, as an empirical refutation of the expected utility hypothesis, and more specifically of the condition of von Neumann–Morgenstern independence that underlies that hypothesis. While not denying that this use of the paradox was fruitful in many ways, we propose another use that turns out also to be compatible with an experimental perspective. Following Allais’s hints on ‘the experimental definition of rationality’, this new use consists inletting the experiment itself speak of the rationality or otherwise of the subjects. In the 1970s, a short sequence of papers inspired by Allais implemented original ways of eliciting the reasons guiding the subjects’ choices, and claimed to be able to draw relevant normative consequences from this information. We end by reviewing this forgotten experimental avenue not simply historically, but with a view to recommending it for possible use by decision theorists today.
EXTREME VALUE ANALYSIS WITHOUT THE LARGEST VALUES: WHAT CAN BE DONE?
Authors: Zou Jingjing , Davis Richard A. , Samorodnitsky Gennady
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we are concerned with the analysis of heavy-tailed data when a portion of the extreme values is unavailable. This research was motivated by an analysis of the degree distributions in a large social network. The degree distributions of such networks tend to have power law behavior in the tails. We focus on the Hill estimator, which plays a starring role in heavy-tailed modeling. The Hill estimator for these data exhibited a smooth and increasing “sample path” as a function of the number of upper order statistics used in constructing the estimator. This behavior became more apparent as we artificially removed more of the upper order statistics. Building on this observation we introduce a new version of the Hill estimator. It is a function of the number of the upper order statistics used in the estimation, but also depends on the number of unavailable extreme values. We establish functional convergence of the normalized Hill estimator to a Gaussian process. An estimation procedure is developed based on the limit theory to estimate the number of missing extremes and extreme value parameters including the tail index and the bias of Hill's estimator. We illustrate how this approach works in both simulations and real data examples.
DÉMONSTRATION PAR L'ABSURDE OU DÉMONSTRATION DIRECTE: AL-SIJZĪ, SUR L'INCOMMENSURABILITÉ DE LA DIAGONALE AVEC LE CÔTÉ
Authors: Rashed Roshdi
Published: January 2019

In this paper, I examine the opposition between direct proof and proof per impossibile, introduced by al-Sijzī (second half of the 10th century) in his treatise entitled The side is not commensurable with the diagonal. From this example he gives to illustrate this opposition, al-Sijzī argues the superiority of the direct proof. In this paper, I also give the editio princeps of his treatise, as well as its first translation.
THÉORIE DES COMÈTES ET OBSERVATIONS INÉDITES EN OCCIDENT MUSULMAN
Authors: Bekli Mohamed Reda , Chadou Ilhem , Aissani Djamil
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we present the Aristotelian theory of comets, which is well known in the Muslim West through the commentaries of Ibn Rušd and Ibn Bāǧǧa. This aspect is covered three centuries later in an unknown manuscript attributed to the famous mathematician Ibn Ġāzī al-Miknāsī (1437-1513), and this text is not present in the known list of his works. The author devotes a part of his manuscript to the comet astrology following Ptolemy, and introduces a critical position of Iḫwān al-Ṣafā’, characterized by the rejection of the sidereal comets idea. We are also interested in comet classifications given by Ibn Ġāzī and another author ‘Alī al-Antākī. We found that the content of the De cometis of pseudo-Ptolemy is analogous with the text of Ibn Ġāzī, and almost identical to the text of al-Antākī. Then, we are interested in observations of comets from the 9th to the end of the 19th century in North Africa and in Islamic Spain (Andalusia), recorded in some Arabic manuscripts on astronomy and history, which have never been the subject of an extensive study. The studied observations are: the two comets X/975 P1 and X/998 D1 reported by an anonymous author of the 15th century, the X/1381 V1 comet reported by Ibn al-Qāḍī (1553-1616), the passage of Halley's comet in 1456 reported by Muḥammad al-Zarkašī (1434-1525), the C/1743 X1 comet observed by ‘Abd al-Razzāq ibn Ḥamadūš (1695-1785), which confirm its fan structure, the two observations of Ibn ‘Alī al-Šrīf al-Šalāṭī of the D/1770 L1, and especially the C/1769 P1 comet. The graphic representation of this latter comet is unprecedented in the Muslim West.
UN LEMME D'ANALYSE DONT USE IBN AL-HAYTHAM EN GNOMONIQUE, DIOPTRIQUE ET CINÉMATIQUE CÉLESTE
Authors: Penchèvre Erwan
Published: January 2019

In several places and for different purposes, Ibn al-Haytham has studied the variations of a well-known function. The context of these applications reveals some characteristics of Ibn al-Haytham's mathematical and physical thought. An in-depth study of his mathematical proofs of monotony show how close he was from an elaborate concept of the continuous.
Autobiographical Memory From Different Life Stages in Individuals With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Delhikar Neha , Sommers Lucy , Rayner Genevieve , Schembri Rachel , Robinson Stephen R. , Wilson Sarah , Jackson Melinda L.
Published: January 2019

Objectives:Autobiographical memory dysfunction is a marker of vulnerability to depression. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience high rates of depression and memory impairment, and autobiographical memory impairments have been observed compared to healthy controls; however, these groups were not age-matched. This study aimed to determine whether individuals with untreated OSA have impaired autobiographical memory when compared to age-matched controls, and to assess the quality of autobiographical memories from three broad time points.Methods:A total of 44 participants with OSA (Mage=49.4±13.0) and 44 age-matched controls (Mage=50.0±13.1) completed the Autobiographical Memory Interview (AMI) to assess semantic and episodic memories from three different life stages, and 44 OSA participants and 37 controls completed the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) to assess overgeneral memory recall (an inability to retrieve specific memories).Results:OSA participants had significantly poorer semantic recall of early adult life on the AMI (p<.001), and more overgeneral autobiographical memories recalled on the AMT (=.001), than controls. Poor semantic recall from early adult life was significantly correlated with more depressive symptoms (p=0.006) and lower education (p<0.02), while higher overgeneral memory recall was significantly associated with older age (p=.001).Conclusions:A specific deficit in semantic autobiographical recall was observed in individuals with OSA. OSA patients recalled more overgeneral memories, suggesting that aspects of the sleep disorder affect their ability to recollect specific details of events from their life. These cognitive features of OSA may contribute to the high incidence of depression in this population. (JINS2019,25, 266–274)
Do Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Benefit From Prior-Knowledge in Associative Recognition Memory?
Authors: Delhaye Emma , Folville Adrien , Simoes Loureiro Isabelle , Lefebvre Laurent , Salmon Eric , Bastin Christine
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Although the influence of prior knowledge on associative memory in healthy aging has received great attention, it has never been studied in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed at assessing whether AD patients could benefit from prior knowledge in associative memory and whether such benefit would be related to the integrity of their semantic memory. Methods: Twenty-one AD patients and 21 healthy older adults took part in an associative memory task using semantically related and unrelated word pairs and were also submitted to an evaluation of their semantic memory. Results: While participants of both groups benefited from semantic relatedness in associative discrimination, related pairs recognition was significantly predicted by semantic memory integrity in healthy older adults only. Conclusions: We suggest that patients benefitted from semantic knowledge to improve their performance in the associative memory task, but that such performance is not related to semantic knowledge integrity evaluation measures because the two tasks differ in the way semantic information is accessed: in an automatic manner for the associative memory task, with automatic processes thought to be relatively preserved in AD, and in a controlled manner for the semantic knowledge evaluation, with controlled processes thought to be impaired in AD. (JINS, 2019, 25, 443–452)
Exclusive breast-feeding and sociodemographic characteristics are associated with dietary patterns in children aged 4–7 years
Authors: Vieira Sarah Aparecida , de Almeida Fonseca Poliana Cristina , Andreoli Cristiana Santos , Hermsdorff Helen Hermana Miranda , Ribeiro Andréia Queiroz , Pereira Patrícia Feliciano , Priore Silvia Eloiza , do Carmo Castro Franceschini Sylvia
Published: January 2019

Objective

To identify the dietary patterns of children aged 4–7 years and verify their association with sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits and exclusive breast-feeding (EBF).

Design

A cross-sectional study nested within a cohort, performed with Brazilian children aged 4–7 years. The children were re-evaluated at age 4 to 7 years and food patterns were identified a posteriori through principal component analysis. The predictive variables were related to socio-economic characteristics, lifestyle habits and duration of EBF.

Setting

Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Participants

Representative sample of 403 children followed up by the Lactation Support Program from the Extension Program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa during the first 6 months of life.

Results

Five dietary patterns were identified: ‘Traditional’, ‘Unhealthy’, ‘Milk and chocolate’, ‘Snack’ and ‘Healthy’. Children who did not receive EBF until they were at least 4 months old had a higher adherence to the ‘Unhealthy’ and ‘Snack’ patterns, and older children also consumed more ‘Unhealthy’ foods. The highest income was associated with the highest consumption of foods of the patterns ‘Unhealthy’, ‘Milk and chocolate’ and ‘Healthy’.

Conclusions

In view of the results, we emphasize the importance of providing support and encouragement towards EBF in the first months of life, as it can positively influence lifelong eating habits.
Analyzing Boron in 9–12% Chromium Steels Using Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Fedorova Irina , Grumsen Flemming Bjerg , Hald John , Andrén Hans-Olof , Liu Fang
Published: January 2019

Small additions of boron can remarkably improve the long-term creep resistance of 9–12% Cr steels. The improvement has been attributed to boron segregation to grain boundaries during quenching, and subsequent boron incorporation into certain families of precipitates during tempering. However, the detailed mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Atom probe tomography (APT) is an excellent technique for gaining insights into boron distribution, however, in order to acquire accurate analysis of boron in 9–12% Cr steels using APT, there are several key challenges. In order to better understand and address these challenges, we developed a novel method for site-specific APT specimen preparation, which enables convenient preparation of specimens containing specifically selected grain boundaries positioned approximately perpendicular to the axis of the APT tip. Additionally, when analyzing boron at boundaries and in carbides (as diluted solute) and borides, a widening of the profile of boron distribution compared to other elements was repeatedly observed. This phenomenon is particularly analyzed and discussed in light of the evaporation field of different elements. Finally, the possible effects of detector dead-time on quantitative analysis of boron in metal borides are discussed. A simple method using10B correction was used to obtain good quantification.
Unique Structural Characteristics of Catalytic Palladium/Gold Nanoparticles on Graphene
Authors: Meduri Kavita , Stauffer Candice , O'Brien Johnson Graham , Longo Paolo , Tratnyek Paul G. , Jiao Jun
Published: January 2019

Adding Au to Pd nanoparticles (NPs) can impart high catalytic activity with respect to hydrogenation of a wide range of substances. These materials are often synthesized by reducing metallic precursors; hence, sonochemical and solvothermal processes are commonly used to anchor these bimetals onto thin supports, including graphene. Although similar NPs have been studied reasonably well, a clear understanding of structural characteristics relative to their synthesis parameters is lacking, due to limitations in characterization techniques, which may prevent optimization of this very promising catalyst. In this report, a strategic approach has been used to identify this structural and material synthesis correlation, starting with controlled sample preparation and followed by detailed characterization. This includes advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy; the latter using a state-of-the-art instrumentation to map the distribution of Pd and Au, and to identify chemical state of the Pd NPs, which has not been previously reported. Results show that catalytic bimetal NP clusters were made of small zero-valent Pd NPs aggregating to form a shell around an Au core. Not only can the described characterization approach be applied to similar material systems, but the results can guide the optimization of the synthesis procedures.
Liftout of High-Quality Thin Sections of a Perovskite Oxide Thin Film Using a Xenon Plasma Focused Ion Beam Microscope
Authors: MacLaren Ian , Nord Magnus , Jiao Chengge , Yücelen Emrah
Published: January 2019

It is shown that a xenon plasma focused ion beam (FIB) microscope is an excellent tool for high-quality preparation of functional oxide thin films for atomic resolution electron microscopy. Samples may be prepared rapidly, at least as fast as those prepared using conventional gallium FIB. Moreover, the surface quality after 2 kV final polishing with the Xe beam is exceptional with only about 3 nm of amorphized surface present. The sample quality was of a suitably high quality to allow atomic resolution high-angle annular dark field imaging and integrated differential phase contrast without any further preparation, and the resulting images were good enough for quantitative evaluation of atomic positions to reveal the oxygen octahedral tilt pattern. This suggests that such xenon plasma FIB instruments may find widespread application in transmission electron microscope and scanning transmission electron microscope specimen preparation.
Low‐Frequency Measurements of Seismic Moduli and Attenuation in Antigorite Serpentinite
Authors: David Emmanuel C. , Brantut Nicolas , Hansen Lars N. , Jackson Ian
Published: January 2019

Laboratory measurements of seismic moduli and attenuation in antigorite serpentinite at a confining pressure of 200 MPa and temperatures up to 550 °C provide new results relevant to the interpretation of geophysical data in subduction zones. A polycrystalline antigorite specimen was tested via forced oscillations at small strain amplitudes and seismic frequencies (millihertz to hertz). The shear modulus has a temperature sensitivity, ∂G/∂T, averaging −0.017 GPa/K. Increasing temperature above 500 °C results in more intensive shear attenuation (
) and associated modulus dispersion, with
increasing monotonically with increasing oscillation period and temperature. This “background” relaxation is adequately captured by a Burgers model for viscoelasticity and possibly results from intergranular mechanisms. Attenuation is higher in antigorite (
at 550 °C and 0.01 Hz) than in olivine (
below 800 °C), but such contrast does not appear to be strong enough to allow robust identification of antigorite from seismic models of attenuation only.