bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facebook en educación médica: punto de vista de usuarios en una residencia de Ginecoobstetricia
Authors: Heredia Caballero Ángel Germán
Published: October 2015

Introducción: Es frecuente la reflexión sobre el futuro de la educación y la influencia de la tecnología en el área educativa, y buena parte de esta reflexión está orientada hacia las redes sociales que muestran un desarrollo importante, aprovechando los espacios brindados por la red de redes. Objetivo: El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo principal conocer la evaluación de la herramienta Facebook por parte de estudiantes y docentes que la utilizaron para la impartición del curso de Anatomía en la residencia de Ginecología y Obstetricia de un hospital de la especialidad en la Ciudad de México. Método: Mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas se utilizó metodología cualitativa para la exploración de la experiencia con Facebook por alumnos y docentes que lo utilizaron como herramienta tecnológica para la impartición de un curso de Anatomía, parte de la residencia en Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital de Especialidades de la Mujer y Neonatología. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos y analizados permitieron concluir que el impacto logrado con Facebook es positivo tanto por las opiniones de alumnos como por las de los docentes. La mayoría de los residentes entrevistados expresaron valoraciones positivas con respecto a disponibilidad, accesibilidad, atractivo de materiales, mejora de comunicación, utilidad y logro de objetivos. La mayoría de los docentes entrevistados manifestaron resultados satisfactorios con respecto a motivación, aportación positiva, percepción de desempeño de alumnos y manejo de los contenidos. Conclusiones: Las redes sociales pueden tener un lugar en las estrategias de enseñanza aprendizaje, pero requieren de tácticas específicas que permitan obtener el máximo beneficio educativo y disminuyan los inconvenientes, como la generación de multitasking en los estudiantes. De la misma manera, este uso poco explorado de las redes sociales como Facebook en una residencia médica puede lograr la optimización del tiempo disponible, así como dar solución a la problemática de la disponibilidad de aulas en sedes clínicas.
Late Quaternary carbon cycling responses to environmental change revealed by multi-proxy analyses of a sediment core from an upland lake in southwest China
Authors: Zhang Enlou , Sun Weiwei , Ji Ming , Zhao Cheng , Xue Bin , Shen Ji
Published: October 2015

Stable carbon isotope (δ13C) values of organic matter in lacustrine sediments are commonly used to trace past changes in terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycles. Here we use a high-resolution, well-dated δ13C record from Lake Tengchongqinghai (TCQH) in southwestern China, together with other proxy indices, to reconstruct the paleolimnological history over the past 18.5 ka. Organic matter in the sediments of Lake TCQH is derived predominately from aquatic macrophytes. The lacustrine primary productivity is closely linked with lake-level changes affected by variations in the strength of the Asian summer monsoon and modified by evapotranspiration. Similar to lake sediments world-wide, a ca. − 3‰ shift occurred in the δ13C values of Lake TCQH in response to the significant increase in atmospheric CO2concentration during the last deglaciation. In the Holocene, the availability of dissolved CO2in the lake water of Lake TCQH was determined by variations in hydraulic energy: low water turbulence creates a thick, stagnant boundary layer around aquatic plants, which will restrict the rate of CO2diffusion and result in more positive δ13C values of aquatic plants. In contrast, significant water turbulence dramatically reduces the boundary layer thickness leading to more negative δ13C values of aquatic plants.
Pressure fluctuations and interfacial robustness in turbulent flows over superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Seo J. , García-Mayoral R. , Mani A.
Published: October 2015

Superhydrophobic surfaces can entrap gas pockets within their grooves when submerged in water. Such a mixed-phase boundary is shown to result in an effective slip velocity on the surface, and has promising potential for drag reduction and energy-saving in hydrodynamic applications. The target flow regime, in most such applications, is a turbulent flow. Previous analyses of this problem involved direct numerical simulations of turbulence with the superhydrophobic surface modelled as a flat boundary, but with a heterogeneous mix of slip and no-slip boundary conditions corresponding to the surface texture. Analysis of the kinematic data from these simulations has helped to establish the magnitude of drag reduction for various texture topologies. The present work is the first investigation that, alongside a kinematic investigation, addresses the robustness of superhydrophobic surfaces by studying the load fields obtain from data from direct numerical simulations (DNS). The key questions at the focus of this work are: does a superhydrophobic surface induce a different pressure field compared to a flat surface? If so, how does this difference scale with system parameters, and when does it become significant that it can deform the air–water interface and potentially rapture the entrapped gas pockets? To this end, we have performed DNS of turbulent channel flows subject to superhydrophobic surfaces over a wide range of texture sizes spanning values from $L^{+}=6$ to $L^{+}=155$ when expressed in terms of viscous units. The pressure statistics at the wall are decomposed into two contributions: one coherent, caused by the stagnation of slipping flow hitting solid posts, and one time-dependent, caused by overlying turbulence. The results show that the larger texture size intensifies the contribution of stagnation pressure, while the contribution from turbulence is essentially insensitive to $L^{+}$. The two-dimensional stagnation pressure distribution at the wall and the pressure statistics in the wall-normal direction are found to be self-similar for different $L^{+}$. The scaling of the induced pressure and the consequent deformations of the air–water interface are analysed. Based on our results, an upper bound on the texture wavelength is quantified that limits the range of robust operation of superhydrophobic surfaces when exposed to high-speed flows. Our results indicate that when the system parameters are expressed in terms of viscous units, the main parameters controlling the problem are $L^{+}$ and a Weber number based on inner dimensions; We obtain good collapse when all our results are expressed in wall units, independently of the Reynolds number.
The γ-ray Pulsar J0633+0632 in X-rays
Authors: Danilenko Andrey , Shternin Peter , Karpova Anna , Zyuzin Dima , Shibanov Yuriy
Published: October 2015

We analysedChandraobservations of the brightFermipulsar J0633+0632 and found evidence of an absorption feature in its spectrum at 804+42−26eV (the errors are at 90% confidence) with equivalent width of 63+47−36eV. In addition, we analysed in detail the X-ray spectral continuum taking into account correlations between the interstellar absorption and the distance to the source. We confirm early findings that the spectrum contains non-thermal and thermal components. The latter is equally well described by the blackbody and magnetised atmosphere models and can be attributed to the emission from the bulk of the stellar surface in both cases. The distance to the pulsar is constrained in a range of 1–4 kpc from the spectral fits. We infer the blackbody surface temperature of 108+22−14eV, while for the atmosphere model, the temperature, as seen by a distant observer, is 53+12−7eV. In the latter case, J0633+0632 is one of the coldest middle-aged isolated neutron stars. Finally, it powers an extended pulsar wind nebula whose shape suggests a high pulsar proper motion. Looking backwards the direction of the presumed proper motion, we found a likely birthplace of the pulsar—the Rosette nebula, a 50-Myr-old active star-forming region located at about 1.5° from the pulsar. If true, this constrains the distance to the pulsar in the range of 1.2–1.8 kpc.
The Impact of Initial Conditions in N-Body Simulations of Debris Discs
Authors: Thilliez E. , Maddison S. T.
Published: October 2015

Numerical simulations are a crucial tool to understand the relationship between debris discs and planetary companions. As debris disc observations are now reaching unprecedented levels of precision over a wide range of wavelengths, an appropriate level of accuracy and consistency is required in numerical simulations to confidently interpret this new generation of observations. However, simulations throughout the literature have been conducted with various initial conditions often with little or no justification. In this paper, we aim to study the dependence on the initial conditions of N-body simulations modelling the interaction between a massive and eccentric planet on an exterior debris disc. To achieve this, we first classify three broad approaches used in the literature and provide some physical context for when each category should be used. We then run a series of N-body simulations, that include radiation forces acting on small grains, with varying initial conditions across the three categories. We test the influence of the initial parent body belt width, eccentricity, and alignment with the planet on the resulting debris disc structure and compare the final peak emission location, disc width and offset of synthetic disc images produced with a radiative transfer code. We also track the evolution of the forced eccentricity of the dust grains induced by the planet, as well as resonance dust trapping. We find that an initially broad parent body belt always results in a broader debris disc than an initially narrow parent body belt. While simulations with a parent body belt with low initial eccentricity (e ~ 0) and high initial eccentricity (0 < e < 0.3) resulted in similar broad discs, we find that purely secular forced initial conditions, where the initial disc eccentricity is set to the forced value and the disc is aligned with the planet, always result in a narrower disc. We conclude that broad debris discs can be modelled by using either a dynamically cold or dynamically warm parent belt, while in contrast eccentric narrow debris rings are reproduced using a secularly forced parent body belt.
The roof and suspended ceiling of the marble room in the House of the Telephus Relief at Herculaneum
Authors: Camardo Domenico , Notomista Mario
Published: October 2015

The timber roof and suspended ceiling of the marble room in the House of the Telephus Relief were discovered during a larger project to enhance Herculaneum’s ancient shoreline, one of many initiatives undertaken by the Herculaneum Conservation Project (HCP). Preliminary work to drain rain and groundwater led to the cleaning of the E part of the ancient shoreline, an area never fully investigated during previous excavations (fig. 1). The work was carried out between August 2009 and June 2010 in the area between the S corner of the Suburban Baths and the adjacent wing of the House of the Telephus Relief. Beneath the layer of solidified volcanic material from the eruption of A.D. 79 was discovered a collapse of timbers, covering an area about 55 m. Thanks to the particular conditions of its volcanic burial, the wood was perfectly preserved and not carbonized (fig. 2). Tests carried out by CNR-IVALSA showed that almost all the samples were from the silver fir species.
La Villa di Lucio Vero sulla Via Cassia a Roma in località Acquatraversa
Authors: Caserta Emmanuela
Published: October 2015

Villam praeterea extruxit in via Clodia famosissimam, in qua per multos dies et ipse ingenti luxuria debacchatus est cum libertis suis et amicis Paridis, quorum praesentia ulla inerat reverentia, et Marcus rogavit, qui venit, ut fratri venerabilem morum suorum et imitandam ostenderet sanctitudinem, et quinque diebus in eadem villa residens cognitionibus continuis operam dedit, aut convivante fratre aut convivia comparante. (HA Verus 8.8, ed. Hohl [Lipsiae 1955] 80–81)

Con queste parole il biografo della vita di Lucio Vero, nella Historia Augusta, documenta la presenza di una dimora di notevoli proporzioni e magnifico aspeto fata costruire dall’imperatore, coreggente con il fratello Marco Aurelio tra il 161 e il 169, sul tracciato della via Clodia/Cassia nel II sec. d.C. (fig. 1). Non sono molti i luoghi che, lungo la strada consolare, possono essere a ragione inseriti nelle proprietà imperiali per imponenza delle struture e ricchezza dei reperti custoditi; così i resti da sempre visibili al V miglio della strada, in località Acquatraversa, su una modesta altura che domina la valle (89 m s.l.m. è il punto più alto a nord-ovest), sono ormai riconosciuti in modo unanime dagli studiosi come appartenenti al complesso di proprietà imperiale.
A petroglyph of a religious ceremony at Humayma
Authors: Reeves M. Barbara
Published: October 2015

Over the past three decades Humayma (S Jordan) has been the subject of much research, focusing on the structures and artefacts left behind by its Neolithic, Nabataean, Roman, Byzantine, and early Islamic occupants, but the petroglyphs carved into the sandstone hills and ridges on the W side of the site have been mentioned only in passing. In 2012 and 2014 it was decided to carry out a survey of them. Of the more than 150 petroglyphs documented, most are simple depictions typical of those throughout the region: individual or grouped representations of bovids (ibex, gazelle, oryx), footprints or shoeprints, abstract symbols, and humans in the orant (half-arm raised) pose or holding weapons. Simple narrative scenes, again typical of the region, show carnivores or mounted humans chasing prey, or groups of archers hunting.
ADHS und Mediensucht bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Barth Gottfried Maria , Renner Tobias J.
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Es wird der aktuelle Forschungsstand über den Zusammenhang von ADHS und Mediensucht dargestellt, die beide zu den häufigsten kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Störungen gehören. Methodik: Anhand einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden aus 190 relevanten Suchergebnissen zum Thema ADHS und Mediensucht bei Kindern und Jugendlichen 125 Artikel zum Download ausgewählt. 57 Veröffentlichungen konnten eingeschlossen werden. Ergebnisse: Es besteht eine klare Evidenz, dass ADHS mit einer hohen Rate an Mediensucht verbunden ist und andererseits bei Mediensucht eine hohe Rate an ADHS-Symptomen gefunden wird. Die meisten Studien belegen nur diese Korrelation ohne Kausalitätsnachweis. Ergebnisse der neurobiologischen Forschung weisen auf die Nähe von ADHS und Mediensucht hin. Schlussfolgerungen: Bei Diagnose einer ADHS muss insbesondere auch die Mediennutzung erfasst werden und bei Vorliegen einer Mediensucht sorgfältig auf ADHS untersucht werden. ADHS muss als Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer Mediensucht angesehen werden, adäquate Therapie der ADHS kann dieses Risiko verringern. Eine ausgedehnte Mediennutzung kann Hinweis auf eine ungenügend behandelte ADHS sein.
Pathogenese der Komorbidität von ADHS und Substanzabhängigkeit – Klinische Implikationen für die medikamentöse Behandlung
Authors: Ohlmeier Martin
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Die Pathogenese der Komorbidität der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) und Substanzabhängigkeit hat große klinische Relevanz, da nach klinisch-epidemiologischer Erfahrung bei ADHS-Patienten einerseits häufig eine komorbide Substanzabhängigkeit vorliegt, andererseits sich daraus erhebliche Konsequenzen für das therapeutische und diagnostische Procedere ergeben. Zusammenhänge von ADHS und Substanzstörungen: Neben der „Dopaminmangelhypothese“ bei ADHS sind unter anderem das Konzept des „Sensation-Seekings“ ( Zuckerman, 1979 ) und die „Selbstmedikations-Hypothese“ ( Khantzian, 1985 ) auch im Zusammenhang mit anderen komorbiden Störungen von Belang. Schlussfolgerungen für die Praxis: Die Diagnostik von ADHS-Patienten sollte Substanzstörungen und andere psychische Komorbiditäten berücksichtigen. Klinische Implikationen für die Pharmakotherapie lassen sich insbesondere aus der „Dopaminmangelhypothese“ und den beobachteten depressiven Symptomen bei ADHS-Patienten ableiten: neben der möglichen Behandlung mit Methylphenidat wird daher vorgeschlagen, den therapeutischen Wert von selektiven Dopamin- oder Noradrenalin-Wiederaufnahme-Hemmern und darüber hinaus insbesondere auch psychotherapeutische Behandlungsverfahren zu nutzen.
Häufigkeit und prädiktiver Wert von Early Response in naturalistischen Psychotherapien
Authors: Schlagert Henrike , Hiller Wolfgang
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Verschiedene randomisiert-kontrollierte Studien konnten die Bedeutung frühzeitiger Therapieerfolge für das Therapieergebnis nachweisen. Entsprechende Erkenntnisse unter Routinebedingungen sind bislang selten. Fragestellung: Diese Studie untersucht Häufigkeit, prädiktiven Wert sowie Patientenmerkmale eines frühen Ansprechens auf die Therapie („Early Response“) in einer verhaltenstherapeutischen Hochschulambulanz. Methode: Wir klassifizierten anhand prozentualer Wertereduktion 1109 Patienten verschiedener Störungsgruppen hinsichtlich ihrer psychischen Belastung als Early Responder beziehungsweise Early Nonresponder. Ergebnisse: 48,2 % der Patienten zeigten frühe Therapieerfolge. Early Response erwies sich als Prädiktor für Response (OR = 6,36) und Remission (OR = 3,90). Early Nonresponse sagte eine Verschlechterung der Symptombelastung zu Therapieende vorher (OR = 12,14). Schlussfolgerungen: Frühzeitige Therapieeffekte sind im Routinesetting offenbar von hoher Bedeutung für das Therapieergebnis und sollten bei der Behandlungsplanung stärker berücksichtigt werden.
Publikationsschwerpunkte der Klinischen Psychologie und Psychotherapieforschung im deutsch- versus angloamerikanischen Bereich
Authors: Krampen Günter , Perrez Meinrad
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: In der Fachhistoriographie bieten szientometrisch-historische Methoden die Möglichkeit, große Datenmengen (wie etwa wissenschaftliche Publikationen) in nichtverzerrter Form im Hinblick auf Entwicklungstrends sowie Forschungs- und Publikationsschwerpunkte zu analysieren. Fragestellung: Wie hat sich das Publikationsaufkommen der Klinischen Psychologie und Psychotherapieforschung aus dem deutschsprachigen Bereich vergleichend zu dem in den angloamerikanischen Ländern in seinem Umfang und seinen thematischen Schwerpunkten zwischen 1980 und 2014 entwickelt? Welche intradisziplinäre Verflechtung weist die klinisch-psychologische Fachliteratur mit den anderen Teildisziplinen der Psychologie auf? Methoden: Datenbasis ist die Grundgesamtheit aller in PsycINFO und PSYNDEX zwischen 1980 und 2014 dokumentierten Literaturnachweise zur Psychologie und ihren Nachbardisziplinen. Mit identischen Recherchestrategien werden die Häufigkeiten klinisch-psychologischer Publikationen bestimmt und anhand unterschiedlicher Dokumentationsfelder inhaltlich quantifizierend analysiert. Ergebnisse: Sowohl im deutschsprachigen als auch im angloamerikanischen Bereich dominieren klinisch-psychologische Veröffentlichungen im gesamten Literaturaufkommen der Psychologie (> 40 %). Insgesamt überwiegen die Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen beiden Fachgemeinschaften, wenngleich auch einige markante Unterschiede deutlich werden. So ist etwa der relative Anteil von Publikationen zur Psychotherapie im deutschsprachigen Bereich erheblich höher, während im angloamerikanischen Bereich mehr Beiträge zu Gesundheitspsychologie und Verhaltensmedizin erscheinen. Die intradisziplinäre Verflechtung der klinisch-psychologischen Fachliteratur ist durch einen hohen Import aus den anderen Teildisziplinen der Psychologie gekennzeichnet. Schlussfolgerungen: In weiten Bereichen zeigt die Klinische Psychologie und die Psychotherapieforschung im deutschsprachigen Bereich in ihrem Publikations-Output zwischen 1980 bis 2014 mehr Gemeinsamkeiten als Unterschiede zu dem aus den angloamerikanischen Ländern. Die Unterschiede weisen nicht nur auf Forschungs- bzw. Publikationsschwerpunkte, sondern ggf. auch auf entsprechende Lücken. Bemerkenswert sind die starken Bezüge der anderen psychologischen Teildisziplinen zur Klinischen Psychologie und Psychotherapieforschung.
Cracks on Comets Most Likely Caused by Thermal Stress
Authors: Shultz David
Published: October 2015

Networks of cracks in the surface of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko may have originated from rapid heating and cooling of the comet's surface.
Room-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation by oxygen over Pt/Al2O3 mediated by reactive platinum carbonates
Authors: Newton Mark A. , Ferri Davide , Smolentsev Grigory , Marchionni Valentina , Nachtegaal Maarten
Published: October 2015

Room-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation, important for maintaining clean air among other applications, is challenging even after a century of research into carbon monoxide oxidation. Here we report using time-resolved diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy, X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and mass spectrometry a platinum carbonate-mediated mechanism for the room-temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide. By applying a periodic reduction–oxidation mode of operation we further show that this behaviour is reversible and can be formed into a catalytic cycle that requires molecular communication between metallic platinum nanoparticles and highly dispersed oxidic platinum centres. A new possibility for the attainment of low-temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide is therefore demonstrated.
Erratum: Exosomes secreted by nematode parasites transfer small RNAs to mammalian cells and modulate innate immunity
Authors: Buck Amy H. , Coakley Gillian , Simbari Fabio , McSorley Henry J. , Quintana Juan F. , Le Bihan Thierry , Kumar Sujai , Abreu-Goodger Cei , Lear Marissa , Harcus Yvonne , Ceroni Alessandro , Babayan Simon A. , Blaxter Mark , Ivens Alasdair , Maizels Rick M.
Published: October 2015

Nature Communications 5: Article number: 5488 (2014); Published: 25 November 2014; Updated: 22 October 2015. The affiliation details for Mark Blaxter are incorrect in this Article. The correct affiliation details for this author are given below: Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.
Aquaporin-9-expressing neutrophils are required for the establishment of contact hypersensitivity
Authors: Moniaga Catharina Sagita , Watanabe Sachiko , Honda Tetsuya , Nielsen Søren , Hara-Chikuma Mariko
Published: October 2015

Aquaporin-9 (AQP9), a water/glycerol channel protein, is expressed in several immune cells including neutrophils; however, its role in immune response remains unknown. Here we show the involvement of AQP9 in hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS), as a murine model of skin allergic contact dermatitis, using AQP9 knockout (AQP9−/−) mice. First, the CHS response to hapten dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was impaired in AQP9−/− mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Adoptive transfer of sensitized AQP9−/− draining lymph node (dLN) cells into WT recipients resulted in a reduced CHS response, indicating impaired sensitization in AQP9−/− mice. Second, administration of WT neutrophils into AQP9−/− mice during sensitization rescued the impaired CHS response. Neutrophil recruitment to dLNs upon hapten application was attenuated by AQP9 deficiency. Coincidentally, AQP9−/− neutrophils showed a reduced CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) ligand-induced migration efficacy, which was attributed to the attenuated recruitment of neutrophils to dLNs. Furthermore, we found that neutrophil deficiency, observed in AQP9−/− or neutrophil-depleted mice, decreased IL-17A production by dLN cells, which might be responsible for T cell activation during a subsequent CHS response. Taken together, these findings suggest that AQP9 is required for the development of sensitization during cutaneous acquired immune responses via regulating neutrophil function.
A functional module-based exploration between inflammation and cancer in esophagus
Authors: Liu Nannan , Li Chunhua , Huang Yan , Yi Ying , Bo Wanlan , Li Chunmiao , Li Yue , Hu Yongfei , Li Kongning , Wang Hong , Zhuang Liwei , Fan Huihui , Wang Dong
Published: October 2015

Inflammation contributing to the underlying progression of diverse human cancers has been generally appreciated, however, explorations into the molecular links between inflammation and cancer in esophagus are still at its early stage. In our study, we presented a functional module-based approach, in combination with multiple data resource (gene expression, protein-protein interactions (PPI), transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations) to decipher the underlying links. Via mapping differentially expressed disease genes, functional disease modules were identified. As indicated, those common genes and interactions tended to play important roles in linking inflammation and cancer. Based on crosstalk analysis, we demonstrated that, although most disease genes were not shared by both kinds of modules, they might act through participating in the same or similar functions to complete the molecular links. Additionally, we applied pivot analysis to extract significant regulators for per significant crosstalk module pair. As shown, pivot regulators might manipulate vital parts of the module subnetworks and then work together to bridge inflammation and cancer in esophagus. Collectively, based on our functional module analysis, we demonstrated that shared genes or interactions, significant crosstalk modules and those significant pivot regulators were served as different functional parts underlying the molecular links between inflammation and cancer in esophagus.
The influence of cancer tissue sampling on the identification of cancer characteristics
Authors: Xu Hui , Guo Xin , Sun Qiang , Zhang Mengmeng , Qi Lishuang , Li Yang , Chen Libin , Gu Yunyan , Guo Zheng , Zhao Wenyuan
Published: October 2015

Cancer tissue sampling affects the identification of cancer characteristics. We aimed to clarify the source of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in macro-dissected cancer tissue and develop a robust prognostic signature against the effects of tissue sampling. For estrogen receptor (ER)+ breast cancer patients, we identified DEGs in macro-dissected cancer tissues, malignant epithelial cells and stromal cells, defined as Macro-Dissected-DEGs, Epithelial-DEGs and Stromal-DEGs, respectively. Comparing Epithelial-DEGs to Stromal-DEGs (false discovery rate (FDR) < 10%), 86% of the overlapping genes exhibited consistent dysregulation (defined as Consistent-DEGs) and the other 14% of genes were dysregulated inconsistently (defined as Inconsistent-DEGs). The consistency score of dysregulation directions between Macro-Dissected-DEGs and Consistent-DEGs was 91% (P-value < 2.2 × 10−16, binomial test), whereas the score was only 52% between Macro-Dissected-DEGs and Inconsistent-DEGs (P-value = 0.9, binomial test). Among the gene ontology (GO) terms significantly enriched in Macro-Dissected-DEGs (FDR < 10%), 18 immune-related terms were enriched in Inconsistent-DEGs. DEGs associated with proliferation could reflect common changes of malignant epithelial and stromal cells; DEGs associated with immune functions are sensitive to the percentage of malignant epithelial cells in macro-dissected tissues. A prognostic signature which was insensitive to the cellular composition of macro-dissected tissues was developed and validated for ER+ breast patients.
Utilizing the virus-induced blocking of apoptosis in an easy baculovirus titration method
Authors: Niarchos Athanasios , Lagoumintzis George , Poulas Konstantinos
Published: October 2015

Baculovirus-mediated protein expression is a robust experimental technique for producing recombinant higher-eukaryotic proteins because it combines high yields with considerable post-translational modification capabilities. In this expression system, the determination of the titer of recombinant baculovirus stocks is important to achieve the correct multiplicity of infection for effective amplification of the virus and high expression of the target protein. To overcome the drawbacks of existing titration methods (e.g., plaque assay, real-time PCR), we present a simple and reliable assay that uses the ability of baculoviruses to block apoptosis in their host cells to accurately titrate virus samples. Briefly, after incubation with serial dilutions of baculovirus samples, Sf9 cells were UV irradiated and, after apoptosis induction, they were viewed via microscopy; the presence of cluster(s) of infected cells as islets indicated blocked apoptosis. Subsequently, baculovirus titers were calculated through the determination of the 50% endpoint dilution. The method is simple, inexpensive and does not require unique laboratory equipment, consumables or expertise; moreover, it is versatile enough to be adapted for the titration of every virus species that can block apoptosis in any culturable host cells which undergo apoptosis under specific conditions.
Immobilization of gold nanoclusters inside porous electrospun fibers for selective detection of Cu(II): A strategic approach to shielding pristine performance
Authors: Senthamizhan Anitha , Celebioglu Asli , Balusamy Brabu , Uyar Tamer
Published: October 2015

Here, a distinct demonstration of highly sensitive and selective detection of copper (Cu2+) in a vastly porous cellulose acetate fibers (pCAF) has been carried out using dithiothreitol capped gold nanocluster (DTT.AuNC) as fluorescent probe. A careful optimization of all potential factors affecting the performance of the probe for effective detection of Cu2+ were studied and the resultant sensor strip exhibiting unique features including high stability, retained parent fluorescence nature and reproducibility. The visual colorimetric detection of Cu2+ in water, presenting the selective sensing performance towards Cu2+ ions over Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ under UV light in naked eye, contrast to other metal ions that didn’t significantly produce such a change. The comparative sensing performance of DTT.AuNC@pCAF, keeping the nonporous CA fiber (DTT.AuNC@nCAF) as a support matrix has been demonstrated. The resulting weak response of DTT.AuNC@nCAF denotes the lack of ligand protection leading to the poor coordination ability with Cu2+. The determined detection limit (50 ppb) is far lower than the maximum level of Cu2+ in drinking water (1.3 ppm) set by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). An interesting find from this study has been the specific oxidation nature between Cu2+ and DTT.AuNC, offering solid evidence for selective sensors.
Connexin26 gap junction mediates miRNA intercellular genetic communication in the cochlea and is required for inner ear development
Authors: Zhu Yan , Zong Liang , Mei Ling , Zhao Hong-Bo
Published: October 2015

Organ development requires well-established intercellular communication to coordinate cell proliferations and differentiations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that can broadly regulate gene expression and play a critical role in the organ development. In this study, we found that miRNAs could pass through gap junctions between native cochlear supporting cells to play a role in the cochlear development. Connexin26 (Cx26) and Cx30 are predominant isoforms and co-express in the cochlea. Cx26 deficiency but not Cx30 deficiency can cause cochlear developmental disorders. We found that associated with Cx26 deletion induced the cochlear developmental disorders, deletion of Cx26 but not Cx30 disrupted miRNA intercellular transfer in the cochlea, although inner ear gap junctions still retained permeability after deletion of Cx26. Moreover, we found that deletion of Cx26 but not Cx30 reduced miR-96 expression in the cochlea during postnatal development. The reduction is associated with the cochlear tunnel developmental disorder in Cx26 knockout (KO) mice. These data reveal that Cx26-mediated intercellular communication is required for cochlear development and that deficiency of Cx26 can impair miRNA-mediated intercellular genetic communication in the cochlea, which may lead to cochlear developmental disorders and eventually congenital deafness as previously reported.
Highly sensitive detection of copper ions by densely grafting fluorescein inside polyethyleneimine core–silica shell nanoparticles
Authors: Qiao Yali , Zheng Xingwang
Published: October 2015

Using PEI core–silica shell nanoparticles as a sensing platform, a multi-fluorophore collective fluorescence sensing strategy was developed for Cu2+.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging of cancer cells and tissues via sialic acid-imprinted nanotags
Authors: Yin Danyang , Wang Shuangshou , He Yunjie , Liu Jia , Zhou Min , Ouyang Jian , Liu Baorui , Chen Hong-Yuan , Liu Zhen
Published: October 2015

Sialic acid-imprinted nanotags were designed and synthesized for surface-enhanced Raman scattering for imaging of cancer cells and tissues.
Reversible assembly of pH responsive branched copolymer-stabilised emulsion via electrostatic forces
Authors: Maçon Anthony L. B. , Rehman Saif Ur , Bell Robert V. , Weaver Jonathan V. M.
Published: October 2015

The judicious compositional and structural design of a branched co-polymeric surfactant allows for the production of highly stable oil in water emulsion droplets with reversible electrostatic aggregation behaviour.
Polymer gel electrolytes for application in aluminum deposition and rechargeable aluminum ion batteries
Authors: Sun Xiao-Guang , Fang Youxing , Jiang Xueguang , Yoshii Kazuki , Tsuda Tetsuya , Dai Sheng
Published: October 2015

A polymer gel electrolyte using AlCl3 complexed acrylamide as a functional monomer and acidic ionic liquid based on a mixture of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMImCl) and AlCl3 (EMImCl–AlCl3, 1–1.5, in molar) as a plasticizer has been successfully prepared for the first time via free radical polymerization. The polymer gel electrolyte can be used for aluminium deposition and rechargeable aluminium ion batteries.
Metal-free tandem oxidative C(sp3)–H bond functionalization of alkanes and dearomatization of N-phenyl-cinnamamides: access to alkylated 1-azaspiro[4.5]decanes
Authors: Zhang Honglin , Gu Zhangxi , Xu Pan , Hu Hongwen , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian
Published: October 2015

Metal-free tandem C(sp3)–H bond functionalization of simple alkanes/dearomatization of N-phenyl-cinnamamides is developed, providing 1-azaspiro[4.5]decanes with excellent regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity.
Access to side-chain carbon information in deuterated solids under fast MAS through non-rotor-synchronized mixing
Authors: Kulminskaya Natalia , Vasa Suresh Kumar , Giller Karin , Becker Stefan , Kwan Ann , Sunde Margaret , Linser Rasmus
Published: October 2015

MOCCA provides comprehensive solid-state NMR side chain carbon correlations despite perdeuteration and fast sample rotation, thereby inducing minimal power dissipation.
Nanopatterning of a covalent organic framework host–guest system
Authors: Plas Jan , Ivasenko Oleksandr , Martsinovich Natalia , Lackinger Markus , De Feyter Steven
Published: October 2015

Scanning tunneling microscopy is used to characterize and nanopattern a covalent organic framework incorporating C60-fullerene in its pores.
Spontaneous transition of a water droplet from the Wenzel state to the Cassie state: a molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Wang Jiadao , Chen Shuai , Chen Darong
Published: October 2015

Spontaneous transition from the Wenzel to Cassie state is achieved, and the transition mechanism and influencing parameters are analyzed.
Microwave-assisted alcoholysis of furfural alcohol into alkyl levulinates catalyzed by metal salts
Authors: Huang Yao-Bing , Yang Tao , Zhou Meng-Chao , Pan Hui , Fu Yao
Published: October 2015

The alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol with different alcohols was carried out by using metal salt catalysts under microwave conditions, achieving high alkyl levulinates’ yields in a short reaction time.
Quantitative evaluation of ante-mortem lead in human remains of the 18th century by triaxial geometry and bench top micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Dias A. A. , Carvalho M. , Carvalho M. L. , Pessanha S.
Published: October 2015

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the suitability of the commercial benchtop micro X-ray fluorescence system M4 Tornado, to evaluate the differences in lead distribution in different bone and tooth structures due to ante-mortem contamination.
Spice up your compounds
Authors: Lowe Derek
Published: October 2015

An occasional foray into uncharted territory is the hot sauce of medicinal chemistry, says Derek Lowe.
Synthesis and antibiotic activity of oxazolidinone–catechol conjugates against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Paulen Aurélie , Gasser Véronique , Hoegy Françoise , Perraud Quentin , Pesset Bénédicte , Schalk Isabelle J. , Mislin Gaëtan L. A.
Published: October 2015

An oxazolidinone antibiotic, conjugated to a catechol moiety, was shown to be at least eight times more active againstP. aeruginosa, when compared to the linezolid, used as a reference compound.
Electrochemical synthesis of electrochromic polycarbazole films from N-phenyl-3,6-bis(N-carbazolyl)carbazoles
Authors: Hsiao Sheng-Huei , Lin Shu-Wei
Published: October 2015

Electroactive and electrochromic polycarbazole films were directly prepared on electrodes from N-phenyl-3,6-bis(N-carbazolyl)carbazoles by carbazole-based electrochemical oxidative coupling.
Palladium catalyzed regioselective mono-alkenylation of o-carboranes via Heck type coupling reaction of a cage B–H bond
Authors: Wu Ji , Cao Ke , Xu Tao-Tao , Zhang Xiao-Juan , Jiang Linhai , Yang Junxiao , Huang Yawen
Published: October 2015

Palladium catalyzed electrophilic B–H activation for regioselective mono-alkenylation of o-carborane on B(8) and B(9).
Highly efficient small molecule solar cells fabricated with non-halogenated solvents
Authors: Xiao Liangang , Liu Chang , Gao Ke , Yan Yajing , Peng Junbiao , Cao Yong , Peng Xiaobin
Published: October 2015

Fabricated with non-halogenated solvents toluene and o-xylene, the bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells based on a porphyrin small molecule show high power conversion efficiencies up to 5.46% and 5.85%, respectively.
A novel magnetic drug delivery nanocomplex with a cisplatin-conjugated Fe3O4 core and a PEG-functionalized mesoporous silica shell for enhancing cancer drug delivery efficiency
Authors: Rejeeth Chandrababu , Vivek Raju , Kannan Soundarapandian
Published: October 2015

Towards the rapid synthesis and efficient action of a smart drug delivery nanosystem based on coating a layer of PEG functionalized mesoporous silica onto a cisplatin (CDDP) conjugated Fe3O4 nanocomposite.
Surface growth of highly oriented covalent organic framework thin film with enhanced photoresponse speed
Authors: Chen Ying , Cui Haijun , Zhang Jianqi , Zhao Kun , Ding Defang , Guo Jun , Li Lianshan , Tian Zhiyuan , Tang Zhiyong
Published: October 2015

An oriented photoconductive COF film was synthesized byin situgrowth method.
The twisted tauopathies: surface interactions of helically patterned filaments seen in alzheimer's disease and elsewhere
Authors: Rochman Nash D. , Sun Sean X.
Published: October 2015

Here we provide a mechanistic explanation for the conversion of CF-PT amyloid fibrils (b and a cross-section) to PHF amyloid fibrils (c and d) thought to be important in the aggregation of pathological neurofibrillary tangles characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.
The relationship between microstructure and in vivo degradation of modified bacterial cellulose sponges
Authors: Lai C. , Zhang S. J. , Wang L. Q. , Sheng L. Y. , Zhou Q. Z. , Xi T. F.
Published: October 2015

The interaction between the nanofibers of bacterial cellulose and hydroxyapatite has an extensive influence on the microstructure and the macroscopic properties of this type of composite, but the structural anisotropy and the speed of granulation ingrowth are strongly interdependent.
Quantitative investigation into the use of resonant magneto‐inductive links for efficient wireless power transfer
Authors: Zhang Jin , Cheng Chonghu
Published: October 2015

The use of resonant magneto‐inductive links is an efficient technique to transfer power over midranges in the field of wireless power transfer (WPT). Power transfer efficiency (PTE) and power delivered to the load (PDL) are two important indicators of power transmission for a WPT system. A predetermined amount of PDL need be generated at maximum PTE for practical application in a WPT system; thus, the authors focus on maximising PTE and a predetermined amount of PDL for transfer in this study. First, load‐matching conditions are presented for maximum PTE transfer though circuit theory‐based analyses. Then, a new tuning method is proposed to transfer a predetermined amount of PDL which can be controlled by source‐matching distance at maximum PTE. The relations between the loss of a load‐matching resonator and the PTE (or PDL) of a correspondingly unmatched system are derived though analyses as well. Finally, the calculated results of the design examples are verified through electromagnetic simulations and experimental measurements.
Autopilot for frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy
Authors: Kuchuk Kfir , Schlesinger Itai , Sivan Uri
Published: October 2015

One of the most challenging aspects of operating an atomic force microscope (AFM) is finding optimal feedback parameters. This statement applies particularly to frequency-modulation AFM (FM-AFM), which utilizes three feedback loops to control the cantilever excitation amplitude, cantilever excitation frequency, and z-piezo extension. These loops are regulated by a set of feedback parameters, tuned by the user to optimize stability, sensitivity, and noise in the imaging process. Optimization of these parameters is difficult due to the coupling between the frequency and z-piezo feedback loops by the non-linear tip-sample interaction. Four proportional-integral (PI) parameters and two lock-in parameters regulating these loops require simultaneous optimization in the presence of a varying unknown tip-sample coupling. Presently, this optimization is done manually in a tedious process of trial and error. Here, we report on the development and implementation of an algorithm that computes the control parameters automatically. The algorithm reads the unperturbed cantilever resonance frequency, its quality factor, and the z-piezo driving signal power spectral density. It analyzes the poles and zeros of the total closed loop transfer function, extracts the unknown tip-sample transfer function, and finds four PI parameters and two lock-in parameters for the frequency and z-piezo control loops that optimize the bandwidth and step response of the total system. Implementation of the algorithm in a home-built AFM shows that the calculated parameters are consistently excellent and rarely require further tweaking by the user. The new algorithm saves the precious time of experienced users, facilitates utilization of FM-AFM by casual users, and removes the main hurdle on the way to fully automated FM-AFM.
Magnetism from carbon nanocoil mixtures
Authors: Ludwig Alon , Webb Kevin J. , Ågren Hans
Published: October 2015

A metamaterial based on carbon nanocoil inclusions is suggested as a means to obtain homogenized magnetism. Demonstrated growth techniques for such nanocoils suggest convenient fabrication is possible. The effective permeability of the medium is studied numerically and shown to exhibit a resonance curve in frequency. By fitting the resonance curve to a Lorentzian-based analytic model and exploring its parameter space, the performance of the nanocoil inclusion configuration is evaluated. These results suggest carbon nanocoils should be effective as magnetic materials in the terahertz frequency regime and possibly beyond.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of amorphous silica gel adsorbed on gold substrates for optical fiber sensors
Authors: Degioanni S. , Jurdyc A. M. , Cheap A. , Champagnon B. , Bessueille F. , Coulm J. , Bois L. , Vouagner D.
Published: October 2015

Two kinds of gold substrates are used to produce surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of amorphous silica obtained via the sol-gel route using tetraethoxysilane Si(OC2H5)4 (TEOS) solution. The first substrate consists of a gold nanometric film elaborated on a glass slide by sputter deposition, controlling the desired gold thickness and sputtering current intensity. The second substrate consists of an array of micrometer-sized gold inverted pyramidal pits able to confine surface plasmon (SP) enhancing electric field, which results in a distribution of electromagnetic energy inside the cavities. These substrates are optically characterized to observe SPR with, respectively, extinction and reflectance spectrometries. Once coated with thin layers of amorphous silica (SiO2) gel, these samples show Raman amplification of amorphous SiO2 bands. This enhancement can occur in SERS sensors using amorphous SiO2 gel as shells, spacers, protective coatings, or waveguides, and represents particularly a potential interest in the field of Raman distributed sensors, which use the amorphous SiO2 core of optical fibers as a transducer to make temperature measurements.
Sub-micro-Newton resolution thrust balance
Authors: Hathaway G.
Published: October 2015

Herein is described a sensitive vacuum balance for measuring the thrust produced by small (∼0.5 kg) thrusters typically employed in microsat station-keeping. The balance is based on a torsion design but incorporates jewel-pivot bearings instead of the more typical torsion spring bearings. Novel tilt control allows maintenance of true verticality of the bearing axis even while under vacuum. The low moment of inertia design allows it to measure small thrusts from high-voltage devices without direct wire conductor connections. Calibration by several means is described including use of a previously calibrated dielectric barrier discharge thruster.
Current crowding impact at spatially and temporarily resolved thermal characters of large-area AlGaInP light emitting diodes operating in dimming/flashing modes
Authors: Malyutenko V. K. , Podoltsev A. D. , Malyutenko O. Yu.
Published: October 2015

By exploring spatially (μm-scale) and temporarily (ms-scale) resolved light and 8–12 μm thermal imaging analyses, we demonstrate how current crowding alternates the thermal parameters of light emitting diodes (LEDs) operating in dimming/flashing mode. For example, in AlGaInP/GaAs high-current (I ≥ 1 A) large-area (≥1 mm2) LEDs, we measured the thermal time constant (2.5 ms), heat diffusion length (110 μm), current crowding length (≤75 μm), thermal diffusivity (0.08 cm2/s) of GaAs substrate, and current-dependent thermal patterns taken from the front and sidewall facet of chips. We discovered that even at I = 100 mA emitting ships are already divided by two regions with different temperatures, small area high-temperature central regions (effective volumes) with high current density and larger area lower-temperature peripheral regions with much lower current density. The experiments evidence that the simplified computer simulations of dimming mode based on mean chip temperature, mean thermal resistance, and average current density, as well as temperature-independent ABC-modeling must be regarded with skepticism.
Skin effect mitigation in laser processed multi-walled carbon nanotube/copper conductors
Authors: Keramatnejad K. , Zhou Y. S. , Gao Y. , Rabiee Golgir H. , Wang M. , Jiang L. , Silvain J.-F. , Lu Y. F.
Published: October 2015

In this study, laser-processed multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/Cu conductors are introduced as potential passive components to mitigate the skin effect of Cu at high frequencies (0–10 MHz). Suppressed skin effect is observed in the MWCNT/Cu conductors compared to primitive Cu. At an AC frequency of 10 MHz, a maximum AC resistance reduction of 94% was observed in a MWCNT/Cu conductor after being irradiated at a laser power density of 189 W/cm2. The reduced skin effect in the MWCNT/Cu conductors is ascribed to the presence of MWCNT channels which are insensitive to AC frequencies. The laser irradiation process is observed to play a crucial role in reducing contact resistance at the MWCNT-Cu interfaces, removing impurities in MWCNTs, and densifying MWCNT films.