bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explorando Soluções Internacionais: o Caso dos Frigoríficos Brasileiros
Authors: Pozzobon Daniela Maria
Published: December 2021

Este artigo compreende um estudo das abordagens de internacionalização praticadas pelos frigoríficos brasileiros sob as teorias econômicas, tendo como objetivos: (i) analisar: os modos de entrada no exterior; os motivos econômicos de internacionalização sob o impacto dos diferentes ambientes institucionais; o grau de diversificação ou especialização possibilitado pelos investimentos realizados no exterior; como a coordenação da firma é organizada no exterior; (ii) verificar a aderência dos processos de internacionalização dos frigoríficos brasileiros com as teorias econômicas de internacionalização. As principais conclusões foram de que os processos de internacionalização dos frigoríficos brasileiros corroboram não só a teoria econômica de Dunning (1993), que sugere a busca de mercados, ativos, recursos e eficiência; e o Paradigma Eclético (DUNNING, 1980), que alude para a busca de três tipos de vantagens: propriedade, localização e internalização, principalmente, mas também confirmam as teorias de Hymer (1968), Aliber (1970), McManus (1972), Knickerbocker (1973), Buckley e Casson (1976), Grahan (1998).
CUSTO POR ALUNO: UMA COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE UFSC E UNISUL
Authors: Soares Thiago Coelho , Mazon Gisele , Pedro Melo
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em comparar o custo por aluno da UFSC e da UNISUL conforme duas metodologias, a que leva em consideração os custos totais da universidade e a que utiliza apenas os gastos com educação. Para isso, foram feitas pesquisas documentais em demonstrativos contábeis, relatórios de gestão e previsões orçamentárias das universidades. Os resultados encontrados na pesquisa nos dão conta que o custo por aluno na UFSC foi maior do que na Unisul. Isso se deve pela influência de três fatores: 1. A educação como sistema público de ensino é um direito constitucional de todo cidadão brasileiro e que não mantém uma relação direta custo-benefício; 2. A grande quantidade de atividades de pesquisa e extensão; e 3. A titulação dos professores. Embora o tema custo por aluno seja considerado muito importante pelos dirigentes entrevistados de ambas universidades, cada uma destas trabalha de maneira diferente o assunto. A Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina utiliza a metodologia do TCU. Assim, o valor do custo do aluno acaba servindo de diretriz para o planejamento institucional. Em contrapartida, na Unisul o custo do aluno é calculado para cada curso, assim, estes apresentam um valor de crédito diferenciado, e este valor é utilizado para definir o valor das mensalidades cobradas.
AVALIAÇÃO DE MARCAS: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA
Authors: Martins Eliseu , Araújo Marcelo Bicalho Viturino de , Carvalho Júnior César Valentim de Oliveira , Ghani Alan Nader Ackel , Slavov Tiago Nascimento Borges , Garrán Felipe Turbuk
Published: December 2021

O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é promover uma análise crítica das premissas e dos critérios utilizados por empresas de consultoria especializadas em avaliação de marcas, sendo essa critica baseada na perspectiva de transparência e viabilidade de tais “metodologias” para possível reconhecimento contábil das marcas geradas internamente. Essa análise crítica segue a linha de discussões teórico-conceituais acerca do reconhecimento e avaliação de ativos intangíveis gerados pelas companhias, conforme discutem Martensson (2009) e Gowthorpe (2009). O foco principal deste estudo são os métodos utilizados por três empresas de consultoria que divulgam rankings periódicos de marcas no Brasil, analisados em nível estrutural com base nos dados e nas informações disponíveis em fontes públicas. Como resultado, percebe-se consistência quanto aos modelos teóricos utilizados (fluxo de caixa descontado). No entanto, diversas “zonas cinzentas” surgem quando as empresas se propõem a segregar o fluxo de caixa das marcas do fluxo de caixa dos demais ativos intangíveis, bem como na definição das taxas de desconto utilizadas. Assim, os métodos ficam fragilizados pela falta de transparência, visto que perdem credibilidade ao divulgarem valores que de alguma forma não possam ter suas estimativas verificadas pelos usuários da informação.
Controladoria: Um Estudo de Caso Sobre Missão, Crenças e Valores em uma Empresa de Varejo
Authors: Cardoso da Silva Daniel Jose , Dos Anjos Luiz Carlos Marques , Araújo dos Santos, Andresson Fernandes , Libonati Jeronymo José
Published: December 2021

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar, analisar e evidenciar se os clientes de uma rede de varejo de grande porte do interior de Pernambuco percebem o cumprimento da missão, crenças e valores declarados por ela. O estudo dá ênfase às declarações organizacionais que têm relacionamento direto com os clientes. A investigação foi realizada com a aplicação de questionários (questões predominantemente fechadas), aplicados pelos pesquisadores, e estagiários da instituição estudada, que entrevistaram 1.252 clientes durante período de outubro à dezembro de 2008, em 13 lojas da rede. A pesquisa de campo abrangeu o agreste e sertão pernambucanos. O estudo revela que algumas variáveis apresentaram relação estatisticamente válida, indicando influenciar positivamente a decisão de comprar em lojas daquela organização. Para análise dos resultados o tratamento estatístico utilizado refere-se à análise descritiva dos dados obtidos na pesquisa de campo, com base na utilização de medidas de posição e dispersão e testes não-paramétricos. O teste estatístico preferencialmente utilizado para verificar possíveis relações entre as variáveis foi o qui-quadrado. O perfil médio dos componentes da amostra se caracteriza por ser, em sua maioria, maior de 26 anos de idade, mulher, recebe menos de cinco salários mínimos por mês e não têm curso superior. Foi constatado ainda que a maioria dos clientes não conhece a missão, crença e valores da empresa, entretanto os que conhecem conseguem perceber melhor o cumprimento das mesmas, bem como demonstraram maior fidelidade ao grupo.
Índice de Responsabilidade Socioambiental de Empresas Brasileiras
Authors: Freire Fátima de Souza , Pereira Ednei Moraes , Fontana Vanessa Thaine
Published: December 2021

O conceito de responsabilidade social é um contributo para a criação de um índice apresentando o desempenho socioambiental das empresas, construído com base em informações disponíveis em seus balanços sociais, entre 2001 e 2008. O trabalho analisar se empresas com o indicar elevados em um determinado ano, também apresentam bom desempenho no ano seguinte. Houve uma evolução nos valores médios de gastos com pessoal, gastos com meio ambiente, número de portadores de deficiência física e empregados com mais de 45 anos? Foram coletados dados do balanço social de 349 empresas que atuam em diversos ramos de atividades. Um ranking entre o maior e menor resultado de um rol significativo de empresas foi apresentado com base nos seus resultados socioambientais. Conclui-se que existe uma correlação positiva no comportamento do índice dessas empresas. Aquelas com índices elevados em um ano apresentaram altos níveis no ano seguinte.
Teoria da Dependência de Recursos explicando a percepção de Governança Corporativa de Importantes Tomadores de Decisão
Authors: Rocha Joseilton Silveira da , Moura Fabio Viana , Reis Graciela Mendes Ribeiro
Published: December 2021

O objetivo principal deste trabalho consistiu em avaliar em que medida as atitudes de importantes atores organizacionais, no que se refere ao conceito de Governança Corporativa, sofriam influência da dependência de fornecedores de recursos essenciais à perenidade organizacional. Com uma amostra de cinquenta respondentes, composta por decisores de grandes empresas brasileiras, e com auxílio de um modelo de regressão logística testou-se hipótese formulada sob a óptica da Teoria da Dependência de Recursos, qual seja: quanto maior a dependência de fornecedores de recursos vitais para organização, mais a gestão entenderia que as práticas de Governança Corporativa cumpririam o papel de conciliar os diversos interesses que envolvem a organização e, consequentemente, garantiriam o fluxo de insumos necessários à continuidade da empresa. Os resultados encontrados confirmam tal hipótese e revelam que a dependência de fornecedores de recursos financeiros e o tamanho da organização são as variáveis que predizem, com significância estatística, tal comportamento. Indicando assim que a busca por insumos financeiros ainda é predominantemente o que determina a atitude da Gestão Organizacional, no que se refere ao papel que deve ser cumprido pelos mecanismos de Governança Corporativa.
PERCEPÇÃO DOS SERVIÇOS GERADOS PELA CONTABILIDADE EM ENTIDADES NORDESTINAS DE UTILIDADE PÚBLICA FEDERAL
Authors: Silva Ana Paula Ferreira da , Falk James Anthony , Coutinho Ericka Nereide Pinheiro
Published: December 2021

Este artigo aborda a percepção dos gestores de entidades, detentoras de declaração de utilidade pública federal, localizadas no Nordeste brasileiro, relativo aos serviços gerados pela contabilidade. Inicialmente, foi realizado um levantamento no sítio do Ministério da Justiça, visando identificar quantas instituições no Nordeste possuem o título de utilidade pública federal. A pesquisa revelou a existência de 1.518 (Um mil quinhentos e dezoito) entidades, adotando como referência: outubro de 2011. Desta totalidade, somente 52 (cinquenta e duas) disponibilizaram suas prestações de contas, referentes ao exercício 2009, no sítio do Ministério público, no link cidadania. Em seguida, foi realizada uma pesquisa de opinião com os gestores de 35 (trinta e cinco) das 52 (cinquenta e duas) instituições, através de um questionário. Dentre as descobertas da investigação, verificou-se que 24 entidades possuem contabilidade interna. Conforme levantamento, os entrevistados informaram que os financiadores são bastante exigentes, principalmente o Governo. Constata-se que prestação de contas é o melhor serviço contábil, tomando como base, a relação dos prestados pela contabilidade para utilização dos usuários externos. Já a elaboração do orçamento para projetos foi o serviço mais bem avaliado, caso comparado com a utilização do mesmo para fins de controle.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A DIMENSÃO SEMIÓTICA DA ANÁLISE DE BALANÇOS: UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO À OTIMIZAÇÃO DE DECISÕES DE CRÉDITO
Authors: Dias Filho José Maria , Nakagawa Masayuki
Published: December 2021

Partindo do princípio de que a análise de balanços necessária à otimização de decisões de crédito não pode se limitar à simples extração de índices dos relatórios contábeis, este artigo procura demonstrar em que medida a teoria semiótica pode contribuir para a formulação de diagnósticos mais qualificados sobre a situação econômico-financeira das entidades. Entende-se que, num processo de intermediação financeira, o analista deve procurar desvendar o verdadeiro significado dos números, ler nas entrelinhas e, principalmente, fazer os questionamentos mais relevantes. Deve, enfim, olhar para as demonstrações contábeis e procurar enxergar nelas a essência dos eventos econômicos que buscam representar. Isso implicar analisar as informações contábeis sob os aspectos sintático, semântico e pragmático. Como a Semiótica estuda todas as linguagens sob tais dimensões e considerando ser a Contabilidade uma espécie de linguagem, sugere-se que o conhecimento semiótico pode contribuir para aprimorar procedimentos de análise de balanços.
DEPRECIAÇÃO NO SERVIÇO PÚBLICO: RECONHECIMENTO E EVIDENCIAÇÃO NAS DEMONSTRAÇÕES CONTÁBEIS DOS ESTADOS E MUNICÍPIOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Dantas Claudio Bezerra , Paiva Antonio Claudio Noberto , Arruda Marcelo Paulo de , Paulo Edilson
Published: December 2021

As instituições públicas, assim como outras entidades, se utilizam de diversos ativos para desenvolvimento de suas atividades. Esses ativos são instrumentos que contribuem com a geração de benefícios presentes e futuros. Para os ativos que compõem o Imobilizado, essa perda de geração de benefícios futuros é chamada de Depreciação e deve ser reconhecida como uma despesa no período em que ocorre. Desta forma, considerada como uma despesa, a depreciação tem influência negativa na composição do resultado da entidade, posto que este é resultante do confronto entre receitas e despesas realizadas em um mesmo período. A legislação brasileira normatiza que é necessário reconhecer e evidenciar, nas demonstrações contábeis, todas as situações que interfiram na composição do resultado econômico e financeiro da instituição pública. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi o de verificar se os estados e municípios brasileiros reconhecem e evidenciam a depreciação em seus balanços patrimoniais. Os dados foram extraídos de bancos de dados da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional, do Ministério da Fazenda e trabalhados estatisticamente em planilhas eletrônicas.. A amostra analisada representa 100% dos Estados (incluindo o Distrito Federal) e 91% dos municípios brasileiros. A pesquisa verificou a evolução histórica da despesa com depreciação, evidenciada nos Balanços Patrimoniais dos municípios brasileiros, nos últimos 10 anos, compreendendo o período de 1999 a 2008. Os resultados encontrados indicam que 10 estados brasileiros (37%) não evidenciaram a depreciação dos bens imobilizados no Balanço Patrimonial do ano de 2008. A situação é ainda mais preocupante em relação aos municípios, pois 4.971 (98,4%) dos 5.050 municípios não evidenciaram a depreciação. As evidências encontradas neste trabalho apontam que as entidades públicas analisadas não reconhecem a despesa com depreciação, podendo indicar que o resultado econômico-patrimonial apresentado nas demonstrações contábeis desses entes públicos não reflete adequadamente a real situação do desempenho institucional.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DO DESEMPENHO DE EMPRESAS DO SETOR DE MATERIAIS BÁSICOS LISTADAS NA BM&FBOVESPA QUE APRESENTAM RESPOSABILIDADE SOCIAL
Authors: Rodrigues Junior Moacir Manoel , Dallabona Lara Fabiana , Lavarda Carlos Eduardo Facin
Published: December 2021

O estudo objetiva avaliar comparativamente o desempenho das empresas pertencentes ao setor de materiais básicos da BM&FBOVESPA que apresentam responsabilidade social com empresas que não apresentam esta característica. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa descritiva, conduzida por meio de estudo documental com aplicação da Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). Os resultados demonstram que empresas que possuam responsabilidade social neste setor tendem a ter um desempenho inferior as empresas sem esta característica. Conclui-se que o setor não apresenta linearidade na distribuição da eficiência e identifica-se um grupo com alta eficiência e outro com baixa eficiência.
Digital Religion
Authors: Grieve Gregory
Published: December 2021

Digital religion refers to electronically communicated media practices that are different from other types of practice because users perceive them to offer engagement with the divine. Digital media, in contrast to analog media, use machine‐readable electronic communication to send, receive, and store data. Around the globe digital media continues to transform religion. Religious practice today is increasingly public, personal, and therapeutic. The digital, in its constantly evolving mixture of forms, has become such a ubiquitous part of the mediascape that it is difficult to separate it analytically from other types of media. What can be seen, however, is that digital religion does important work in forming selves, communities, and authority and that religion and the digital are increasingly converging in everyday media practices.
Urban Anthropology: Southern Europe
Authors: Dines Nick
Published: December 2021

This entry reviews the contribution of anthropology to the study of cities in southern Europe, here delimited to the countries of Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece. Until the 1980s, local and foreign anthropologists working in the region largely focused their attention on rural and small urban settings. Pioneering research on major cities often grappled with what localities lacked vis‐à‐vis northern European cities and drew connections to non‐urban Mediterranean contexts. For the most part, it was left to other social scientists to study the impact of rapid urbanization during the postwar period. Since the 1990s, anthropological research in southern European cities has grown exponentially and has explored a range of globally relevant themes, from heritage making and international migration to economic restructuring. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have directly challenged northern‐centric concepts and understandings of European cities and have thus contributed to broader critical–theoretical innovations within urban studies.
Urban Anthropology: Japan
Authors: Rapone Brittany C. , Danely Jason
Published: December 2021

Urban Japan has presented an opportunity for ethnographers to appreciate the heterogeneity and creativity of contemporary Japanese life, as well as persistent issues of inequality and marginalization that are sometimes hidden in plain sight. Japan's cities were transformed by new postwar mobilities and displacements; they were also locations of new forms of settlement and subjectivity. Ethnographies have focused on the durability of local tradition and identity, as well as the subtle negotiations between insiders and outsiders that urbanization amplified. Japan's cities also provide a glimpse at the extremes of the political economic spectrum, from impoverished day labor enclaves to the white‐collar “salaryman.” At the turn of the century, urban ethnographers turned to music, fashion, and youth subcultures. Japanese cities are not only sites for the consolidation of capital, but also places where futuristic utopian dreams and apocalyptic echoes of war and disaster are shaped and circulated.
Graeber, David (1961–2020)
Authors: Knight Chris
Published: December 2021

David Graeber was that rare thing—a popular anthropologist. His best‐known book,
Debt: The First 5,000 Years
, was a publishing sensation. Graeber had a highly original anarchist take on his discipline, much influenced by his fieldwork experience in Madagascar. He wrote prolifically in a variety of fields while teaching in the United States and subsequently in the United Kingdom. He died suddenly in Venice in 2020.
Anisotropic Rod‐Shaped Particles Influence Injectable Granular Hydrogel Properties and Cell Invasion
Authors: Qazi Taimoor H. , Wu Jingyu , Muir Victoria G. , Weintraub Shoshana , Gullbrand Sarah E. , Lee Daeyeon , Issadore David , Burdick Jason A.
Published: December 2021

Granular hydrogels have emerged as a new class of injectable and porous biomaterials that improve integration with host tissue when compared to solid hydrogels. Granular hydrogels are typically prepared using spherical particles and this study considers whether particle shape (i.e., isotropic spheres vs anisotropic rods) influences granular hydrogel properties and cellular invasion. Simulations predict that anisotropic rods influence pore shape and interconnectivity, as well as bead transport through granular assemblies. Photo‐cross‐linkable norbornene‐modified hyaluronic acid is used to produce spherical and rod‐shaped particles using microfluidic droplet generators and formed into shear‐thinning and self‐healing granular hydrogels, with particle shape influencing mechanics and injectability. Rod‐shaped particles form granular hydrogels that have anisotropic and interconnected pores, with pore size and number influenced by particle shape and degree of packing. Robust in vitro sprouting of endothelial cells from embedded cellular spheroids is observed with rod‐shaped particles, including higher sprouting densities and sprout lengths when compared to hydrogels with spherical particles. Cell and vessel invasion into granular hydrogels when injected subcutaneously in vivo are significantly greater with rod‐shaped particles, whereas a gradient of cellularity is observed with spherical particles. Overall, this work demonstrates potentially superior functional properties of granular hydrogels with rod‐shaped particles for tissue repair.
Energetic Sulfide Vapor‐Processed Colloidal InAs Quantum Dot Solids for Efficient Charge Transport and Photoconduction
Authors: Koh Weon-kyu , Choi Soo Ho , Kim Youngsik , Kim Hyojung , Kim Ki Kang , Jeong Sohee
Published: December 2021

The energetic sulfide vapor process on colloidal indium arsenide (InAs) quantum dots (QDs) for integrated optoelectronic devices is demonstrated. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy supports the presence of sulfur on QD surface, which increases the air stability, and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and field‐effect transistor analysis confirm n‐type charge transport of corresponding QD films with higher electron mobilities. Photoconductivity of the same devices in near‐infrared wavelength shows gate bias‐dependent recombination of photogenerated carriers, coming from charge accumulation and depletion transition of QD channels. The synergetic approach of the vapor process on colloidal QD solids opens a promising opportunity for scalable and complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor‐compatible optoelectronic devices.
Oat Plant Amyloids for Sustainable Functional Materials
Authors: Zhou Jiangtao , Li Ting , Peydayesh Mohammad , Usuelli Mattia , Lutz‐Bueno Viviane , Teng Jie , Wang Li , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: December 2021

Amyloid functional materials from amyloid fibril building blocks, produced in vitro from amyloidogenic natural proteins or synthetic peptides, show diverse functionalities ranging from environmental science and biomedicine, to nanotechnology and biomaterials. However, sustainable and affordable sources of amyloidogenic proteins remain the bottleneck for large‐scale applications, and to date, interest remains essentially limited to fundamental studies. Plant‐derived proteins would be an ideal source due to their natural abundance and low environmental impact. Hereby oat globulin, the primary protein of oat plant (Avena sativa), is utilized to yield high‐quality amyloid fibrils and functional materials based thereof. These fibrils show a rich multistranded ribbon‐like polymorphism and a fibrillization process with both irreversible and reversible pathways. The authors furthermore fabricate oat‐amyloid aerogels, films, and membranes for possible use in water purification, sensors, and patterned electrodes. The sustainability footprint of oat‐amyloids against other protein sources is demonstrated, anticipating an environmentally‐efficient platform for advanced materials and technologies.
Dimerization of Methyl Acrylate through CO2‐pressurized DBU Mediated Process
Authors: Moins Sébastien , Coulembier Olivier
Published: December 2021

A selective and facile methyl acrylate (MA) head‐to‐tail dimerization process is here presented. The dimerization is articulated on the use of the 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) amidine organic base and the carbon dioxide (CO2) working gas used as mediator and water trap, respectively. Under moderated pressure of CO2 (20 to 40 bars), the selective production of MA dimer is carried out in bulk condition and at room temperature, offering perspectives to an industrially scalable process. The purity of the non‐isolated dimer is such that it could be directly step‐growth copolymerized with a diol taking profit of the presence of the amidine organic base acting as transesterification agent.
Safety and biodegradability of a synthetic dural sealant patch (Liqoseal) in a porcine cranial model
Authors: Kinaci Ahmet , Bergmann Wilhelmina , van Thoor Sander , Redegeld Saskia , van der Zwan Albert , van Doormaal Tristan P. C.
Published: December 2021

Background

Liqoseal consists of a watertight layer of poly(ester)ether urethane and an adhesive layer containing polyethylene glycol‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide (PEG‐NHS). It is designed to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage after intradural surgery. This study assessed the safety and biodegradability of Liqoseal in a porcine craniotomy model.

Methods

In 32 pigs a craniotomy plus durotomy was performed. In 15 pigs Liqoseal was implanted, in 11 control pigs no sealant was implanted and in 6 control pigs a control dural sealant (Duraseal or Tachosil) was implanted. The safety of Liqoseal was evaluated by clinical, MRI and histological assessment. The degradation of Liqoseal was histologically estimated.

Results

Liqoseal, 2 mm thick before application, did not swell and significantly was at maximum mean thickness of 2.14 (±0.37) mm at one month. The foreign body reaction induced by Liqoseal, Duraseal and Tachosil were comparable. Liqoseal showed no adherence to the arachnoid layer and was completely resorbed between 6 and 12 months postoperatively. In one animal with Liqoseal, an epidural fluid collection containing CSF could not be excluded.

Conclusion

Liqoseal seems to be safe for intracranial use and is biodegradable. The safety and performance in humans needs to be further assessed in clinical trials.
Two‐Electron Redox Chemistry Enabled High‐Performance Iodide‐Ion Conversion Battery
Authors: Li Xinliang , Wang Yanlei , Chen Ze , Li Pei , Liang Guojin , Huang Zhaodong , Yang Qi , Chen Ao , Cui Huilin , Dong Binbin , He Hongyan , Zhi Chunyi
Published: December 2021

A single‐electron transfer mode coupled with the shuttle behavior of organic iodine batteries results in insufficient capacity, a low redox potential, and poor cycle durability. Sluggish kinetics are well known in conventional lithium–iodine (Li−I) batteries, inferior to other conversion congeners. Herein, we demonstrate new two‐electron redox chemistry of I−/I+ with inter‐halogen cooperation based on a developed haloid cathode. The new iodide‐ion conversion battery exhibits a state‐of‐art capacity of 408 mAh gI−1 with fast redox kinetics and superior cycle stability. Equipped with a newly emerged 3.42 V discharge voltage plateau, a recorded high energy density of 1324 Wh kgI−1 is achieved. Such robust redox chemistry is temperature‐insensitive and operates efficiently at −30 °C. With systematic theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations, the formation of Cl−I+ species and their functions are clarified.
The Underlying Molecular Mechanism of Fence Engineering to Break the Activity–Stability Trade‐Off in Catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Huang Jingbin , Hao Mengyao , Mao Baoguang , Zheng Lirong , Zhu Jie , Cao Minhua
Published: December 2021

Non‐precious‐metal (NPM) catalysts often face the formidable challenge of a trade‐off between long‐term stability and high activity, which has not yet been widely addressed. Herein we propose a distinct molecule‐selective fence as a promising concept to solve this activity‐stability trade‐off. The fence encloses the catalyst and prevents species poisonous to the catalyst from reaching it, but allows catalytic reaction‐related species to diffuse freely. We constructed a CoS2fence layer on the external surface of highly active cobalt‐doped MoS2, achieving a remarkable catalytic stability towards the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction and improved activity. In situ spectroscopy uncovered the underlying molecular mechanism of the CoS2fence for breaking the activity‐stability trade‐off of the MoS2catalyst. This work offers valuable guidance for rationally designing efficient and stable NPM catalysts.
Regeneration of Phytochemicals by Structure‐Driven Organization of Microbial Biosynthetic Steps
Authors: Wu Xue Ming , Guan Qiu Yan , Han Yun Bin , Wang Xin Cun , Zhuang Wen Ying , Tan Ren Xiang
Published: December 2021

Medicinal phytochemicals, such as artemisinin and taxol, have impacted the world, and hypericin might do so if its availability issue could be addressed. Hypericin is the hallmark component of Saint John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), an approved depression alleviator documented in the US, European, and British pharmacopoeias with its additional effectiveness against diverse cancers and viruses. However, the academia‐to‐industry transition of hypericin remain hampered by its low in planta abundance, unfeasible bulk chemical synthesis, and unclear biosynthetic mechanism. Here, we present a strategy consisting of the hypericin‐structure‐centered modification and reorganization of microbial biosynthetic steps in the repurposed cells that have been tamed to enable the designed consecutive reactions to afford hypericin (43.1 mg L−1), without acquiring its biosynthetic knowledge in native plants. The study provides a synthetic biology route to hypericin and establishes a platform for biosustainable access to medicinal phytochemicals.
Module‐Patterned Polymerization towards Crystalline 2D sp2‐Carbon Covalent Organic Framework Semiconductors
Authors: Jin Enquan , Geng Keyu , Fu Shuai , Addicoat Matthew A. , Zheng Wenhao , Xie Shuailei , Hu Jun‐Shan , Hou Xudong , Wu Xiao , Jiang Qiuhong , Xu Qing‐Hua , Wang Hai I. , Jiang Donglin
Published: December 2021

Despite rapid progress over the past decade, most polycondensation systems even upon a small structural variation of the building units eventually result in amorphous polymers other than the desired crystalline covalent organic frameworks. This synthetic dilemma is a central and challenging issue of the field. Here we report a novel approach based on module‐patterned polymerization to enable efficient and designed synthesis of crystalline porous polymeric frameworks. This strategy features a wide applicability to allow the use of various knots of different structures, enables polycondensation with diverse linkers, and develops a diversity of novel crystalline 2D polymers and frameworks, as demonstrated by using the C=C bond‐formation polycondensation reaction. The new sp2‐carbon frameworks are highly emissive and enable up‐conversion luminescence, offer low band gap semiconductors with tunable band structures, and achieve ultrahigh charge mobilities close to theoretically predicted maxima.
Na4B8O9F10: A Deep‐Ultraviolet Transparent Nonlinear Optical Fluorooxoborate with Unexpected Short Phase‐Matching Wavelength Induced by Optimized Chromatic Dispersion
Authors: Cheng Huanhuan , Li Fuming , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: December 2021

Exploring significant ultraviolet/deep‐ultraviolet nonlinear optical (NLO) materials is hindered by rigorous and contradictory requirements, especially, possessing a moderate optical birefringence to meet phase‐matching (PM). Except for suitable birefringence, small chromatic dispersion is also crucial to blue‐shift the PM wavelength. Here, the introduction of a fluorinated tetrahedral boron‐centred chromophore strategy was proposed to optimize the chromatic dispersion. Herein, the [BF4]− unit with a large HOMO–LUMO band gap was introduced to the Na−B−O−F system and Na4B8O9F10 was designed and synthesized successfully for the first time. Na4B8O9F10 with an optimized chromatic dispersion can achieve a short second harmonic generation PM wavelength of 240 nm with a relatively small birefringence (0.036@1064 nm). Notably, Na4B8O9F10 is the first acentric crystal with [BF4]− units among the reported metal–fluorooxoborate systems, involving isolated [BF4]− and novel [B7O10F6]5− fundamental building blocks.
Chemically Engineered Porous Molecular Coatings as Reactive Oxygen Species Generators and Reservoirs for Long‐Lasting Self‐Cleaning Textiles
Authors: Wang Yao , Ma Kaikai , Bai Jiaquan , Xu Tao , Han Wendong , Wang Chen , Chen Zhenxia , Kirlikovali Kent O. , Li Peng , Xiao Jisheng , Farha Omar K.
Published: December 2021

Wearable personal protective equipment that is decorated with photoactive self‐cleaning materials capable of actively neutralizing biological pathogens is in high demand. Here, we developed a series of solution‐processable, crystalline porous materials capable of addressing this challenge. Textiles coated with these materials exhibit a broad range of functionalities, including spontaneous reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation upon absorption of daylight, and long‐term ROS storage in dark conditions. The ROS generation and storage abilities of these materials can be further improved through chemical engineering of the precursors without altering the three‐dimensional assembled superstructures. In comparison with traditional TiO2 or C3N4 self‐cleaning materials, the fluorinated molecular coating material HOF‐101‐F shows a 10‐ to 60‐fold enhancement of ROS generation and 10‐ to 20‐fold greater ROS storage ability. Our results pave the way for further developing self‐cleaning textile coatings for the rapid deactivation of highly infectious pathogenic bacteria under both daylight and light‐free conditions.
Coordinating the Mechanisms of Action of Ferroptosis and the Photothermal Effect for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Zeng Fantian , Tang Longguang , Zhang Qianyu , Shi Changrong , Huang Zicheng , Nijiati Sureya , Chen Xiaoyuan , Zhou Zijian
Published: December 2021

Combination therapy based on different mechanisms of cell death has shown promise in tumor therapy. However, when different modalities are integrated, the maximum synergy of the therapeutic effects is often lacking in the design. Herein, we report a cancer theranostic nanomedicine formula developed by considering the mechanisms of action of ferroptosis and the photothermal effect in combination therapy. The croconaine molecule was encapsulated as both a photothermal converter and an iron‐chelating agent with BSA, thus leading to biocompatible and stable Cro‐Fe@BSA nanoparticles (NPs). The Cro‐Fe@BSA NPs in the tumor milieu showed an activated photothermal effect leading to enhanced radical formation owing to the temperature‐dependent Fenton reaction kinetics, while radical formation during ferroptosis in turn prevented the heat‐induced formation of heat shock proteins and thus the self‐protection mechanism of cancer cells in response to heat. The activatable photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging performance of the Cro‐Fe@BSA NPs also enabled safe and reliable cancer theranostics.
Upgrading Carbonate Electrolytes for Ultra‐stable Practical Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhao Qing , Utomo Nyalaliska W. , Kocen Andrew L. , Jin Shuo , Deng Yue , Zhu Vivian Xiaojing , Moganty Surya , Coates Geoffrey W. , Archer Lynden A.
Published: December 2021

LiNO3 is a widely used salt‐additive that markedly improves the stability of ether‐based electrolytes at a Li metal anode but is generally regarded as incompatible with alkyl carbonates. Here we find that contrary to common wisdom, cyclic carbonate solvents such as ethylene carbonate can dissolve up to 0.7 M LiNO3 without any additives, largely improving the anode reversibility. We demonstrate the significance of our findings by upgrading various state‐of‐the‐art carbonate electrolytes with LiNO3, which provides large improvements in batteries composed of thin lithium (50 μm) anode and high voltage cathodes. Capacity retentions of 90.5 % after 600 cycles and 92.5 % after 200 cycles are reported for LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (2 mAh cm−2, 0.5 C) and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode (4 mAh cm−2, 0.2 C), respectively. 1 Ah pouch cells (≈300 Wh kg−1) retain more than 87.9 % after 100 cycles at 0.5 C. This work illustrates that reforming traditional carbonate electrolytes provides a scalable, cost‐effective approach towards practical LMBs.
Spiral structure of the galactic disk and its influence on the rotational velocity curve
Authors: Vukcevic Miroslava , Zekovic Vladimir , Radeta Marko
Published: December 2021

Most spiral galaxies have a flat rotational velocity curve, according to the different observational techniques used in several wavelengths domain. In this work, we show that nonlinear terms are able to balance the dispersive effect of the wave, thus reviving the observed rotational curve profiles without the inclusion of any other but baryonic matter concentrated in the bulge and disk. To prove that the considered model is able to restore a flat rotational curve, Milky Way has been chosen as the best‐mapped galaxy, to apply on. Using the gravitational N‐body simulations with up to particles, we test this dynamical model in the case of the Milky Way with two different approaches. Within the direct approach, as an input condition in the simulation runs, we set the spiral surface density distribution which is previously obtained as an explicit solution to nonlinear Schrödinger equation (instead of a widely used exponential disk approximation). In the evolutionary approach, we initialize the runs with different initial mass and rotational velocity distributions, in order to capture the natural formation of spiral arms and to determine their role in the disk evolution. In both cases, we are able to reproduce the stable and nonexpanding disk structures at the simulation end times of  years, with no halo inclusion. Although the given model does not take into account the velocity dispersion of stars and finite disk thickness, the results presented here still imply that nonlinear effects can significantly alter the amount of dark matter which is required to keep the galactic disk in a stable configuration.
Planarized B,N‐diarylated dibenzoazaborine compounds for deep blue fluorescence
Authors: Istiqomah Ina Nur , Mubarok Hanif , Lee Taehwan , Nguyen Ngoc Tuyet Nhi , Jung Jaehoon , Lee Min Hyung
Published: December 2021

A series of planarized B,N‐diarylated dibenzoazaborine compounds (5a–5e) in which various functional groups are introduced into the B‐Ph and N‐Ph moieties of nonsubstituted dibenzoazaborine compound (I) were prepared. All compounds exhibit strong low‐energy absorptions at ca. 410–426 nm with a gradual red‐shift depending on the electron‐accepting property of the four substituents (4‐R = 4‐Ph < 4‐Pm < 4‐CNPh <4‐CN) on the B‐Ph ring in 5a–5d. Introduction of an electron‐donating tBu group into the N‐Ph ring further shifts slightly the absorption band toward a lower‐energy region (5e). Importantly, all compounds undergo gradual red‐shifts in the emission leading to deep blue fluorescence for CN‐substituted 5d and 5e. Furthermore, the emissions have narrow full width at half maximum values of ca. 30 nm, high photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL ≈ 100%), and small Stokes shifts (11–16 nm). The electrochemical and theoretical studies further support the bandgap control and photophysical properties of compounds.
Titration of Apparent In‐Cellula Affinities of Protein‐Protein Interactions**
Authors: Cluet David , Vergier Blandine , Levy Nicolas‐Pierre , Dehau Lucie , Thurman Alexandre , Amri Ikram , Spichty Martin
Published: December 2021

A genetic assay permits simultaneous quantification of two interacting proteins and their bound fraction at the single‐cell level using flow cytometry. Apparent in‐cellula affinities of protein‐protein interactions can be extracted from the acquired data through a titration‐like analysis. The applicability of this approach is demonstrated on a diverse set of interactions with proteins from different families and organisms and with in‐vitro dissociation constants ranging from picomolar to micromolar.
Promise scholarship consequences: Early evidence from Tennessee and Oregon
Authors: Lee Jungmin , Fernandez Frank , Ro Hyun Kyoung
Published: December 2021

The article describes enrollment, retention, and institutional expenditures on instruction, academic support, and student services at community colleges in Tennessee and Oregon after these states implemented Promise scholarship programs. This article highlights that college attendance and choice among recent high school graduates changed after the adoption of the Promise scholarship but fall‐to‐fall retention rates remain similar to pre‐Promise levels with the exception of the first cohorts of the Promise scholarships. In relative terms, institutional expenditures on instruction, academic support, and student services have not kept pace with increased enrollment in Tennessee. Based on the findings, this article identifies one potential unintended consequence of state Promise programs—diluting institutional expenditure per student. To promote student success, college presidents and system leaders should use existing channels, such as professional associations and presidents’ councils to communicate with elected officials and policymakers and present a united front to advocate for additional financial support.
Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zinc–Air Battery: Fe3O4/N−C Nanoflowers Derived from Aromatic Polyamide
Authors: Liu Yanping , Qiao Bin , Jia Nan , Shi Shufeng , Chen Xinbing , An Zhongwei , Chen Pei
Published: December 2021

The development of low‐cost, high‐activity bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable zinc–air batteries is highly desired. Herein, N‐doped carbon nanoflower embedded Fe3O4nanoparticles were prepared using a simple and scalable method. The obtained electrocatalyst exhibits excellent activity and stability toward both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as well as a small potential gap of 0.72 V between the half‐wave potential of ORR and the onset potential of OER potential, which is superior to the most previously reported bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts. The corresponding zinc–air battery exhibits good charged/discharge cycle performance as well as excellent discharge property, with a power density of 136.8 mW cm−2at 200 mA cm−2outperforming commercial Pt/C (96.5mW cm−2). Experiment results and density functional theory demonstrate that the high catalysis activity is mainly caused by the surface oxygen vacancy of Fe3O4nanoparticles. This study sheds new light on the ORR/OER bifunctional electrocatalyst design.
Controlling Multiple Active Sites on Pd−CeO2 for Sequential C−C Cross‐coupling and Alcohol Oxidation in One Reaction System
Authors: Ko Wonjae , Kim Ju Hee , Yim Guk Hee , Lee Seong Chan , Kim Sumin , Kwak Minjoon , Choi Hyunwoo , Kim Jongchan , Antink Wytse Hooch , Kim Jiheon , Lee Chan Woo , Bok Jinsol , Jung Yoon , Lee Eunwon , Lee Kug‐Seung , Cho Sung‐Pyo , Kim Do Heui , Kim Young Gyu , Lee Byoung‐Hoon , Hyeon Taeghwan , Yoo Dongwon
Published: December 2021

Ceria (CeO2)‐supported metal catalysts have been widely utilized for various single‐step chemical transformations. However, using such catalysts for a multistep organic reaction in one reaction system has rarely been achieved. Here, we investigate multiple active sites on Pd−CeO2 catalysts and optimize them for a multistep reaction of C−C cross‐coupling and alcohol oxidation. Atomic‐level imaging and spectroscopic studies reveal that metallic Pd0 and Pd−CeO2 interface are active sites on Pd−CeO2 for C−C cross‐coupling and oxidation, respectively. These active sites are controlled under the structural evolution of Pd−CeO2 during reductive heat‐treatments. Accordingly, we found that optimally reduced Pd−CeO2 catalysts containing ∼1.5 nm‐sized Pd nanoclusters with both sites in balance are ideal for multistep chemical transformations in one reaction system. Our strategy to design supported metal catalysts leads to one‐pot sequential synthetic protocols for pharmaceutical building blocks.
Embedded Double One‐Dimensional Composites of WO3@N‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers for Superior and Stabilized Lithium Storage
Authors: Yang Jiaxuan , Du Shenyu , Ao Liyuan , Zhang Jihao , Jin Chunqiao , Han Meijie , Jiang Kai , Shang Liyan , Li Yawei , Zhang Jinzhong , Zhu Liangqing , Hu Zhigao , Chu Junhao
Published: December 2021

Tungsten oxide has received plenty of attention as a potential anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to the high intrinsic density and abundant framework diversity. However, the tremendous structural and volumetric changes of tungsten oxide (WO3) restrict the commercial application. A novel embedded one‐dimensional (1D) structure composite of the WO3 and N‐doped carbon nanofibers (WO3@N‐CNFs) has been prepared by combining convenient hydrothermal and electrospinning processes. The WO3 nanowires are firmly wrapped in the N‐CNFs and formed an embedded double 1D structure, which can significantly improve the structure stability of the composite. Therefore, the WO3@N‐CNFs delivers a high specific capacity of 960 mAh/g after 300 cycles at 0.2 A/g, and 550 mAh/g after 1300 cycles at 2 A/g. Moreover, the initial Coulomb efficiency of WO3@N‐CNFs is enhanced to more than 80 %. The electrochemical performance is better than those from most WO3‐based carbon composite materials, which can be ascribed to the synergy effects of the WO3 nanorods and the nitrogen doping in 1D carbon nanofibers. As a consequence, the WO3@N‐CNFs can be a promising anode material with the extraordinary long‐term cycling performance at high current densities, and provide a new idea for the commercialization of WO3‐based carbon composite materials.
Leipzig, Berlin and Hannover: Three Stations of a Beneficial Cooperation
Authors: Kärger Jörg
Published: December 2021

This essay looks back at the three stations of Jürgen Caro's career, starting with his time as a diploma student of Chemistry (1974–1975) and PhD student in the NMR laboratory (1975–1977) at the University of Leipzig, followed by his stay in Berlin at the Central Institute of Physical Chemistry and, afterwards, the newly founded Institute of Applied Chemistry and, finally, his appointment as full professor for Physical Chemistry at the Hannover University. The focus is on some of the results of our collaboration, including the use of PFG NMR and microimaging for in‐situ observation of diffusion in nanoporous materials and the useful application of these findings in the production of high‐performance membranes. Reference is also given to joint activities in science organization such as in European research networks and the Diffusion Fundamentals conference series of the Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
Unified model involving genomics, magnetic resonance imaging and prostate‐specific antigen density outperforms individual co‐variables at predicting biopsy upgrading in patients on active surveillance for low risk prostate cancer
Authors: Beksac Alp Tuna , Ratnani Parita , Dovey Zachary , Parekh Sneha , Falagario Ugo , Roshandel Reza , Sobotka Stanislaw , Kewlani Deepshikha , Davis Avery , Weil Rachel , Bashorun Hafis , Jambor Ivan , Lewis Sara , Haines Kenneth , Tewari Ashutosh K.
Published: December 2021

Background

Active surveillance (AS) is the reference standard treatment for the management of low risk prostate cancer (PCa). Accurate assessment of tumor aggressiveness guides recruitment to AS programs to avoid conservative treatment of intermediate and higher risk patients. Nevertheless, underestimating the disease risk may occur in some patients recruited, with biopsy upgrading and the concomitant potential for delayed treatment.

Aim

To evaluate the accuracy of mpMRI and GPS for the prediction of biopsy upgrading during active surveillance (AS) management of prostate cancer (PCa).

Method

A retrospective analysis was performed on 144 patients recruited to AS from October 2013 to December 2020. Median follow was 4.8 (IQR 3.6, 6.3) years. Upgrading was defined as upgrading to biopsy grade group ≥2 on follow up biopsies. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to investigate the effect of PSA density (PSAD), baseline Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) v2.1 score and GPS on upgrading. Time‐to‐event outcome, defined as upgrading, was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method with log‐rank test.

Results

Overall rate of upgrading was 31.9% (n = 46). PSAD was higher in the patients who were upgraded (0.12 vs. 0.08 ng/ml2, p = .005), while no significant difference was present for median GPS in the overall cohort (overall median GPS 21; 22 upgrading vs. 20 no upgrading, p = .2044). On univariable cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the factors associated with increased risk of biopsy upgrading were PSA (HR = 1.30, CI 1.16–1.47, p = <.0001), PSAD (HR = 1.08, CI 1.05–1.12, p = <.0001) and higher PI‐RADS score (HR = 3.51, CI 1.56–7.91, p = .0024). On multivariable cox proportional hazard regression analysis, only PSAD (HR = 1.10, CI 1.06–1.14, p = <.001) and high PI‐RADS score (HR = 4.11, CI 1.79–9.44, p = .0009) were associated with upgrading. A cox regression model combining these three clinical features (PSAD ≥0.15 ng/ml2 at baseline, PI‐RADS Score and GPS) yielded a concordance index of 0.71 for the prediction of upgrading.

Conclusion

In this study PSAD has higher accuracy over baseline PI‐RADS score and GPS score for the prediction of PCa upgrading during AS. However, combined use of PSAD, GPS and PI‐RADS Score yielded the highest predictive ability with a concordance index of 0.71.