bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithium Ferrites@Polydopamine Core–Shell Nanoparticles as a New Robust Negative Electrode for Advanced Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Mao Zuxing , Han Yi , Liu Si , Zhang Xinyue , Zhang Peng , Lu Xihong , Tong Yexiang
Published: May 2018

Spinel ferrites hold great promise as attractive electrode materials for high‐performance supercapacitors owing to their multiple valence states and abundant choice of metal cation. However, the main bottleneck for most of the currently reported spinel ferrite‐based electrodes is relatively low specific capacitance. Herein, a new kind of lithium ferrites (Li0.5Fe2.5O4, LFO)@polydopamine (PDA) (denoted as LFO@PDA) core–shell nanoparticles with extraordinary capacitive performance as negative electrodes for aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) are reported first. Taking advantage of increased active sites, improved conductivity, enhanced hydrophilicity, and good strain accommodation in terms of the interesting core–shell architecture and PDA shell, the as‐obtained LFO@PDA electrode reaches a remarkable capacitance of 276.4 F g−1 and prominent durability (no any capacitance loss after 15 000 cycles). Moreover, a robust aqueous 1.8 V‐ASC device with a preferable energy density of 33.9 Wh kg−1 is also achieved based on the LFO@PDA electrode as negative electrode.
Identification of an Anti‐Inflammation Protein, Annexin A1, in Tendon Derived Stem Cells (TDSCs) of Cystic Fibrosis Mice: A Comparative Proteomic Analysis
Authors: Liu Yang , Feng Lu , Wang Hua , Wang Yu‐jia , Chan Hsiao‐Chang , Jiang Xiao‐hua , Fu Wei‐ming , Li Gang , Zhang Jin‐fang
Published: May 2018

Purpose: A previous study reported an elevated inflammation during tendon injury in mice with cystic fibrosis (CF), indicating the inadequate management of inflammation due to dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The objective of this study is to identify the targets of CFTR that contribute to the abnormal inflammation during tendon injury.

Experimental Design: A 2D gel electrophoresis and mass‐spectrometry‐based comparative proteomics is performed to find the molecular targets of CFTR. And the targeted protein is further confirmed at both mRNA and protein levels.

Results: It is identified that 14 proteins are differentially expressed, with annexin A1 being one of the most significantly downregulated protein. Further confirmation shows that annexin A1 is significantly decreased in TDSCs isolated from DF508 mice. As an essential anti‐inflammation mediator, it is also downregulated in the injured tendon tissue of DF508 mice when compared with WT mice.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Decreased annexin A1 expression can contribute to the elevated inflammation in DF508 mice during tendon injury. Therefore, annexin A1 can be considered as a new potential biomarker or drug target for a possible therapeutic approach in clinical practice.
Determination of pesticide dermal transfer to operators and agricultural workers through contact with sprayed hard surfaces
Authors: Tsakirakis Angelos N , Kasiotis Konstantinos M , Anastasiadou Pelagia , Charistou Agathi N , Gerritsen‐Ebben Rianda , Glass C Richard , Machera Kyriaki
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

In the present study, the rate of dermal transfer of pesticides to agricultural workers occurring via contact with sprayed hard surfaces was investigated. Cotton gloves were used as dosimeters to collect residues from hard surfaces contaminated by pesticides in greenhouses. Dosimeters, either dry or moistened, were in contact with wood, metal and plastic surfaces that had previously been sprayed. The experimental approach applied mimicked typical hand contact. Moistened cotton gloves were used to simulate hand moisture from dew/condensation or rainfall. The effect of total duration of contact on the final hand exposure via transfer was investigated.

RESULTS

The higher duration contact tested (50 s) resulted in higher transfer rates for metal and plastic surfaces; no such effect was noted in the case of the wood surface. The pesticide amount transferred from the metal and plastic surfaces to wet gloves was greater than that transferred to dry gloves. Such a trend was not observed for the wood surface. Transfer rates varied from 0.46 to 77.62% and from 0.17 to 16.90% for wet and dry samples, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The current study has generated new data to quantify the proportion of pesticide deposits dislodged from three different non‐crop surfaces when in contact with dry or wet gloves. © 2018 Crown copyright. Pest Management Science © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Adsorption Characteristics of Methylene Blue on WO3 Nanorods Prepared by Microwave‐Assisted Hydrothermal Methods
Authors: Ryu Seung‐Myung , Nam Chunghee
Published: May 2018

Nanostructures of WO3 powders are selected as a dye adsorbent and investigated to understand the effects of specific surface area of WO3 nanorods on dye‐adsorption performance. The synthesis of WO3 nanorods is performed using microwave‐assisted hydrothermal methods within 5 min, with sodium tungstate dihydrate as a precursor and citric acid as a structure‐directing agent. The as‐synthesized WO3 nanorods are characterized by x‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements for their phases, structure, morphology, surface properties, and specific surface area, respectively. The dye‐adsorption performance is studied with a methylene blue (MB) solution using UV‐visible spectroscopy, and the results agreed well with the Langmuir model of adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of the WO3 nanorods was derived from Langmuir model's fitting. The specific surface area of WO3 powders synthesized at 150 °C is 52.05 m2 g−1; it tended to decrease with increasing synthesis temperature because of the stacking of nanorods. As a result, the adsorption performance of the WO3 nanorods is improved as the overall specific surface area increased.
Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric and Dielectric Behaviors of CoO‐ and Fe2O3‐Doped BCZT Ceramics
Authors: Jaimeewong Piyaporn , Sittinon Satapond , Buntham Suwapitcha , Bomlai Pornsuda , Namsar Orapim , Pojprapai Soodkhet , Watcharapasorn Anucha
Published: May 2018

This study investigates the effect of CoO and Fe2O3 dopant on phase, microstructure and ferroelectric properties of BCZT ceramics with the formula of Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1(Ti1‐xCox)0.9O3 and Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1(Ti1‐xFex)0.9O3 where x = 0, 0.01, and 0.03. The XRD patterns presented that the pure perovskite phases are observed regardless of the amount of CoO and Fe2O3 added. Rietveld analysis shows that the tetragonal phase is observed in all patterns and the unit cell volume slightly expanded by the CoO addition while it is distorted with increasing Fe2O3 addition. The average grain sizes decreased upon CoO and Fe2O3 addition. It is found that the doping of CoO and Fe2O3 caused the transition temperature to shift to lower temperature. The optimum ferroelectric and dielectric properties can be achieved for the BCZT‐0.01Co ceramics. This study shows that while small doping with Co and Fe can enhance different properties of BCZT with lower processing temperature, the properties should be further optimized by chemical modification.
A Layered‐Composite Nanometric Sb2Te3 Material for Chiral Photonic Bandgap Engineering
Authors: Goi Elena , Yue Zengji , Cumming Benjamin P. , Gu Min
Published: May 2018

Biological systems have been using nanometre‐scale architectures to produce striking optical effects and the way these natural photonic structures manipulate the flow of light has inspired many technological applications. Nevertheless, the applications of these natural structures in photonic devices require appropriate fabrication techniques able to tailor and enhance the natural features of the biological systems. In this communication the authors report on the development of a layered‐composite nanometric Sb2Te3 material for the realization of bio‐inspired three‐dimensional chiral photonic crystals exceeding their natural optical properties. The authors demonstrate that the deposition of Sb2Te3 on laser written polymer templates can fabricate biomimetic photonic structures with superior control over size, periodicity, filling fraction, and refractive index, compared with the natural counterparts. In this way the refractive index of the photonic crystals can be increased by 100% and the photonic bandgap for use in practical devices can be precisely engineered. These bio‐inspired structures can be useful in the investigation of new branches of photonics and in the development of novel chiral optical devices capable of manipulating photons in three dimensions.
Growth by Vapor‐Solid Method and Luminescence Characterization of Zn‐Chalcogenides Micro‐ and Nanostructures
Authors: Sotillo Belén , Urbieta Ana , Fernández Paloma
Published: May 2018

In this work, ZnSe and ZnTe micro‐ and nanostructures are grown by the vapor‐solid method. Thermal treatments are performed in an inert atmosphere (Ar) to avoid the oxidation of the samples, at 900 °C for 24 h. The structures obtained are investigated by SEM and HRTEM to assess morphology and microstructure. The optical properties are investigated by cathodoluminenscence technique. The bandgaps of these compounds are 2.8 eV for ZnSe and 2.4 eV for ZnTe, however, the luminescence study is extended toward red and near infrared regions to investigate the defect levels. The influence of the size and morphology of the structures on the luminescence properties are studied.
Assimilation of nitrogen and carbon isotopes from fish diets to otoliths as measured by nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Shiao Jen‐Chieh , Shirai Kotaro , Tanaka Kentaro , Takahata Naoto , Sano Yuji , Sung‐Yun Hsiao Silver , Lee Der‐Chuen , Tseng Yung‐Che
Published: May 2018

RATIONALE

Nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios (δ15N and δ13C values) of carbonate‐bound organic materials in otoliths can provide information to address the biological and ecological functions of fish. Correct interpretation of otolith δ15N and δ13C profiles requires knowledge of the metabolic routes of nitrogen and carbon isotopes. However, the isotopic assimilation of δ15N and δ13C compositions from diets to otoliths has rarely been investigated.

METHODS

This study traced the daily nitrogen and carbon isotopic assimilation between diets and otoliths using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). Isotopically labeled algae (Tetraselmis chui) were fed to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for 14–17 days. NanoSIMS and conventional isotope ratio mass spectrometry were used to measure δ15N and δ13C variations in the otoliths and fish muscle, respectively.

RESULTS

Otolith δ15N values abruptly surged from natural abundance levels by 1000–2300‰ after the fish ate 15N‐spiked algae with δ15N values of approximately 2200‰. However, the δ15N values of fish muscle increased to only approximately 500‰ at the end of the feeding experiment. Much higher δ15N values (3700–14 000‰) and moderate δ13C values (60–200‰) were detected in the otoliths after the tilapia ate 15N‐ and 13C‐spiked algae with a δ15N value of 36667‰ and a δ13C value of 272‰. Mapping analysis showed sub‐micrometer‐scale distribution of 15N embedded in the otolith growth increments with a low‐to‐high δ15N signal after the tilapia shifted diets from non‐spiked to 15N‐labeled algae.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that otolith nitrogen and carbon isotopes from food were directly assimilated on the same day. Food is the major and in some cases only source of otolith nitrogen isotopes but makes only a partial contribution to otolith carbon isotopes. Therefore, the δ15N values recorded in the sclerochronological layers of the otoliths can be used to determine the trophic levels, food sources and diet changes of fish.
Physical Modeling of Mold Slag Entrainment in Continuous Steel Casting Mold with Consideration the Impact of Mold Powder Layer
Authors: Bielnicki Marcin , Jowsa Jan
Published: May 2018

This paper presents the results of laboratory experiments with the usage of water model of continuous steel casting mold for slabs casting. In laboratory experiments, the liquid slag layer is replaced by silicone oil, whereas mold powder layer is replaced by polypropylene particles. The obtained results has been analyzed using a statistical method based on Taguchi assumptions. Critical casting speeds are determined depending on the viscosity of liquid mold slag. Possible mechanisms of slag entrainment are also specified. It is explained, whether taking into account in laboratory experiment the presence of mold powder layer change the entrainment conditions. Based on the obtained results and their discussion it is concluded, that the presence of mold powder should not be ignored in laboratory experiments of continuous steel casting in mold, because to a certain extent it changes the behavior and entrainment conditions of the oil layer.
Serine Threonine Kinase Receptor-Associated Protein Deficiency Impairs Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Lineage Commitment Through CYP26A1-Mediated Retinoic Acid Homeostasis
Authors: Jin Lin , Chang Chenbei , Pawlik Kevin M. , Datta Arunima , Johnson Larry M. , Vu Trung , Napoli Joseph L. , Datta Pran K.
Published: May 2018

Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is essential for the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and vertebrate development. RA biosynthesis and metabolism are controlled by a series of enzymes, but the molecular regulators of these enzymes remain largely obscure. In this study, we investigated the functional role of the WD-domain protein STRAP (serine threonine kinase receptor-associated protein) in the pluripotency and lineage commitment of murine ESCs. We generated Strap knockout (KO) mouse ESCs and subjected them to spontaneous differentiation. We observed that, despite the unchanged characteristics of ESCs, Strap KO ESCs exhibited defects for lineage differentiation. Signature gene expression analyses revealed that Strap deletion attenuated intracellular RA signaling in embryoid bodies (EBs), and exogenous RA significantly rescued this deficiency. Moreover, loss of Strap selectively induced Cyp26A1 expression in mouse EBs, suggesting a potential role of STRAP in RA signaling. Mechanistically, we identified putative Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) binding motifs to be critical in the enhancement of non-canonical RA-induced transactivation of Cyp26A1. Increased KLF9 expression in the absence of STRAP is partially responsible for Cyp26A1 induction. Interestingly, STRAP knockdown in Xenopus embryos influenced anterior-posterior neural patterning and impaired the body axis and eye development during early Xenopus embryogenesis. Taken together, our study reveals an intrinsic role for STRAP in the regulation of RA signaling and provides new molecular insights for ESC fate determination.
Response of graphene reinforced concrete to the external compressive load: A multiscale approach
Authors: Ahmadi Masoud , Ansari Reza , Rouhi Saeed
Published: May 2018

Using a multiscale approach, the critical compressive load of a cylindrical shell made by concrete/graphene nanocomposite is computed. At the first step, using a multiscale method, the elastic modulus of concrete/graphene nanocomposites with different graphene volume percentages and sizes are evaluated. Then, the finite element method is used to obtain the critical compressive load of a cylindrical shell made by the concrete/graphene nanocomposites. It is observed that the elastic modulus and buckling load of the concrete/graphene nanocomposites are reduced by increasing the temperature. It is also shown that when the graphene sheets are directed along the external force, the mechanical properties of the concrete are improved more than the case in which the graphene sheets are randomly directed in the concrete matrix.
Vasorelaxant effects of diarylheptanoids, acerogenin A and (−)‐centrolobol from the bark of Acer nikoense
Authors: Iizuka Toru , Nagumo Seiji , Yotsumoto Hideomi , Terabayashi Susumu , Fukai Toshio , Nagai Masahiro
Published: May 2018

Aim

The bark of Acer nikoense (Aceraceae) is used in Japanese folk medicine as a remedy for hepatic disorders and eye diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the vasorelaxant effects of A. nikoense extracts and further clarify the active constituents and mechanisms of action.

Methods

Dried A. nikoense bark was extracted with methanol. The extract was further extracted with diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and 1‐butanol, successively. The major constituents of the extracts were isolated using chromatography. Vasorelaxant effects of the extracts and isolated constituents were assessed using isolated rat aorta. The aorta was placed in a well‐oxygenated bath of modified Krebs–Henseleit solution and the mechanical tension measured isometrically.

Results

The extracts had a vasorelaxant effect on aorta precontracted with 3 × 10−7 mol/L norepinephrine (NE). Isolated major constituents of A. nikoense bark, diarylheptanoids, such as acerogenin A (compound 1), B (compound 2), (−)‐centrolobol (compound 3), aceroside I (compound 5), B1 (compound 6), VII (compound 7) III (compound 8), and phenolic compound, (+)‐rhododendrol (compound 4) were examined. Compounds 1 and 3 had vasorelaxant effects on rat aorta with or without endothelium in the NE‐induced preparation. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 3 inhibited contraction induced by a high concentration (60 mmol/L) of K+ and also had a moderate inhibitory effect on NE‐induced vasoconstriction in the presence of nicardipine.

Conclusion

The inhibition of NE‐induced vasoconstriction by compounds 1 and 3 may be attributed to factors such as endothelial independency by blocking of Ca2+ influx via voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels and receptor‐operated Ca2+ channels.
Theoretical uncertainties in the calculation of supersymmetric dark matter observables
Authors: Bergeron Paul , Sandick Pearl , Sinha Kuver
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We estimate the current theoretical uncertainty in supersymmetric dark matter predictions by comparing several state-of-the-art calculations within the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). We consider standard neutralino dark matter scenarios — coannihilation, well-tempering, pseudoscalar resonance — and benchmark models both in the pMSSM framework and in frameworks with Grand Unified Theory (GUT)-scale unification of supersymmetric mass parameters. The pipelines we consider are constructed from the publicly available software packages SOFTSUSY, SPheno, FeynHiggs, SusyHD, micrOMEGAs, and DarkSUSY. We find that the theoretical uncertainty in the relic density as calculated by different pipelines, in general, far exceeds the statistical errors reported by the Planck collaboration. In GUT models, in particular, the relative discrepancies in the results reported by different pipelines can be as much as a few orders of magnitude. We find that these discrepancies are especially pronounced for cases where the dark matter physics relies critically on calculations related to electroweak symmetry breaking, which we investigate in detail, and for coannihilation models, where there is heightened sensitivity to the sparticle spectrum. The dark matter annihilation cross section today and the scattering cross section with nuclei also suffer appreciable theoretical uncertainties, which, as experiments reach the relevant sensitivities, could lead to uncertainty in conclusions regarding the viability or exclusion of particular models.
The Video‐Assisted Thoracic Surgery for Mediastinal Bronchogenic Cysts: A Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Wang Xun , Chen Kezhong , Li Yun , Yang Fan , Zhao Hui , Wang Jun
Published: May 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for mediastinal bronchogenic cyst (MBC) excision and investigate the surgical indication for MBC.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive MBC patients who underwent surgical excision between April 2001 and June 2016. One hundred and nineteen patients were enrolled with a median age of 45.4 years and divided into two groups: anterior mediastinum group (n = 48), and middle and posterior mediastinum group (n = 71). VATS technique was initially performed for each patient. The cyst should be resected completely as far as possible. Follow‐up was completed by telephone or outpatient clinic every year. The deadline of follow‐up was June 2017.

Results

One hundred and eighteen patients underwent VATS, and only one patient converted to open thoracotomy. The average operative time was 103.8 ± 41.6 min (40–360 min). The average intraoperative blood loss was 56.6 ± 86.6 ml (5–600 ml). The intraoperative complication rate was 3.4%, and the incomplete excision rate was 5.9%. The multivariate logistic analysis showed that maximal diameter >5 cm was significantly associated with risk of operation time extension (OR = 3.968; 95% CI 1.179–13.355, p = 0.026) and bleeding loss increasing (OR = 12.242; 95% CI 2.420–61.933, p = 0.002). No serious postoperative complications were observed. Follow‐up was performed in 102 patients, and the mean follow‐up time was 45 months (12–194 months). There was no local recurrence.

Conclusions

The maximal diameter >5 cm increased risk of operation time extension and bleeding loss increasing. Early surgical excision of MBC by VATS is recommended to establish histopathological diagnosis, relieve symptoms, and prevent surgery‐related complications.
Massive Transfusion: The Revised Assessment of Bleeding and Transfusion (RABT) Score
Authors: Joseph Bellal , Khan Muhammad , Truitt Michael , Jehan Faisal , Kulvatunyou Narong , Azim Asad , Jain Arpana , Zeeshan Muhammad , Tang Andrew , O’Keeffe Terence
Published: May 2018

Background

Massive transfusion (MT) is a lifesaving treatment for trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock, assessed by Assessment of Blood Consumption (ABC) Score based on mechanism of injury, systolic blood pressure (SBP), tachycardia, and FAST exam. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of ABC score by replacing hypotension and tachycardia; with Shock Index (SI) > 1.0 and including pelvic fractures.

Methods

We performed a 2‐year (2014–2015) analysis of all high‐level trauma activations and excluded patients dead on arrival. The ABC score was calculated using the 4‐point score [blunt (0)/penetrating trauma (1), HR ≥ 120 (1), SBP ≤ 90 mmHg (1), and FAST positive (1)]. The Revised Assessment of Bleeding and Transfusion (RABT) score also included 4 points, calculated by replacing HR and SBP with SI > 1.0 and including pelvic fracture. AUROC compared performances of the two scores.

Results

A total of 380 patients were included. The overall MT was 27%. Patients receiving MT had higher median ABC scores [1.1 (0–2) vs. 1 (0–2), p = 0.15] and RABT scores [2 (1–3) vs. 1 (0–2), p < 0.001]. The RABT score had better discriminative power (AUROC = 0.828) compared to ABC score (AUROC = 0.617) for predicting the need for MT. Cutoff of RABT score ≥ 2 had a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 77% for predicting need for MT compared to ABC score with 39% sensitivity and 72% specificity.

Conclusion

Replacement of hypotension and tachycardia with a SI > 1.0 and inclusion of pelvic fracture enhanced discrimination of ABC score for predicting the need for MT. The current ABC score would benefit from revision to more appropriately identify patients requiring MT.
Effect of Reassuring Information About Musculoskeletal and Mental Health Complaints at the Workplace: A Cluster Randomized Trial of the atWork Intervention
Authors: Johnsen Tone Langjordet , Eriksen Hege Randi , Baste Valborg , Indahl Aage , Odeen Magnus , Tveito Torill Helene
Published: May 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible difference between the Modified atWork intervention (MAW) and the Original atWork intervention (OAW) on sick leave and other health related outcomes. atWork is a group intervention using the workplace as an arena for distribution of evidence-based knowledge about musculoskeletal and mental health complaints. Methods A cluster randomized controlled trial with 93 kindergartens, comprising a total of 1011 employees, was conducted. Kindergartens were stratified by county and size and randomly allocated to MAW (45 clusters, 324 respondents) or OAW (48 clusters, 313 respondents). The randomization and intervention allocation processes were concealed. There was no blinding to group allocation. Primary outcome was register data on sick leave at cluster level. Secondary outcomes were health complaints, job satisfaction, social support, coping, and beliefs about musculoskeletal and mental health complaints, measured at the individual level. Results The MAW group reduced sick leave by 5.7% during the intervention year, while the OAW group had a 7.5% increase. Overall, the changes were not statistically significant, and no difference was detected between groups, based on 45 and 47 kindergartens. Compared to the OAW group, the MAW group had a smaller reduction for two of the statements concerning faulty beliefs about back pain, but believed less in the hereditary nature of depression. Conclusions The MAW did not have a different effect on sick leave at cluster level compared to the OAW. Trial registrationhttps://Clinicaltrials.gov/: NCT02396797. Registered March 23th, 2015.
Targeted therapies and adverse drug reactions in oncology: the role of clinical pharmacist in pharmacovigilance
Authors: Fornasier G. , Taborelli M. , Francescon S. , Polesel J. , Aliberti M. , De Paoli P. , Baldo P.
Published: May 2018

Background The majority of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported in the summary of product characteristics (SPCs) are based on pivotal clinical trials, performed under controlled conditions and with selected patients. Objectives (1) to observe ADRs in the real-world setting and to evaluate if the supervision of the pharmacist impacts on the management of ADRs and on the satisfaction of patients; (2) to sensitise health professionals and patients on the need to increase the reporting of ADRs, in compliance with Pharmacovigilance. Setting CRO Aviano, Italian National Cancer Institute. Method From February 2013 to April 2015, we conducted an observational study enrolling 154 patients (≥ 18 years) undergoing treatment with at least one of ten targeted-therapies included in the study. Main outcome ADR reporting in the real-world setting. Patient satisfaction with clinical pharmacist support. Results Reported ADRs in the real setting do not always correspond with data described in the respective SPCs. Unknown ADRs were also identified such as hyperglycaemia with lenalidomide and sorafenib; and hypomagnesaemia with bevacizumab. We also observed a 124.3% increase in spontaneous reports. Conclusion This study shows the high value of active pharmacovigilance programs, and our results might be a starting point for developing a randomised trial which should aim to demonstrate the impact of the pharmacist on improving patient’s adherence and in measuring the difference in ADRs reports in the different arms followed or not by the pharmacist.
Beyond the Border and Into the Heartland: Spatial Patterning of U.S. Immigration Detention
Authors: Moinester Margot
Published: May 2018

The expansion of U.S. immigration enforcement from the borders into the interior of the country and the fivefold increase in immigration detentions and deportations since 1995 raise important questions about how the enforcement of immigration law is spatially patterned across American communities. Focusing on the practice of immigration detention, the present study analyzes the records of all 717,160 noncitizens detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in 2008 and 2009—a period when interior enforcement was at its peak—to estimate states’ detention rates and examine geographic variation in detention outcomes, net of individual characteristics. Findings reveal substantial state heterogeneity in immigration detention rates, which range from approximately 350 detentions per 100,000 noncitizens in Connecticut to more than 6,700 detentions per 100,000 noncitizens in Wyoming. After detainment, individuals’ detention outcomes are geographically stratified, especially for detainees eligible for pretrial release. These disparities indicate the important role that geography plays in shaping individuals’ chances of experiencing immigration detention and deportation.
The “Sign of Horns” deformity following the Thompson’s approach to the proximal radius—A rare case report and literature review
Authors: Rushnaiwala Faizaan , Hussain Naushad , Kulkarni Avadhut
Published: May 2018

The Thompson’s approach is used as the standard posterior approach by many surgeons. Although posterior interosseous nerve palsy following the Thompson’s approach has been reported by several authors, isolated paralysis of the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) is a rare occurrence. We report to you a case of isolated paralysis of EDC following the Thompson’s approach in a 14-year-old boy who recovered completely on the 5th postoperative day. Each of the approaches to the proximal radius poses a risk of damage to the posterior interosseous nerve and its branches because of traction. Damage may occur during exposure or implant insertion. Any surgery around the supinator and the radial tunnel region is dangerous because of complex anatomy, lack of intermuscular planes and varying distribution of the radial nerve. Avoiding excessive posterior or ulnar retraction of the EDC and improper dissection can avoid the “sign of horns” deformity following the Thompson’s approach.
Osso meniscal diagnosticado através de ressonância magnética: Relato de caso
Authors: Lino Henrique Augusto , de Faria Bianca Lisa , Cundari Ana Maria Magalhães Valle
Published: May 2018

O osso meniscal é uma condição rara, ocasionalmente sintomática. Apesar de sua baixa incidência, é importante seu reconhecimento, uma vez que pode mimetizar outras lesões. A ressonância magnética (RM) é um método sensível e específico para seu diagnóstico. A evolução é de curso benigno e favorável ao tratamento conservador, não necessita de procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos, como artroscopia, na grande maioria dos casos. No presente trabalho, foi demonstrado como o diagnóstico correto pode ser feito por RM.
Influência da artroplastia total de quadril sobre o equilíbrio sagital lombopélvico: Avaliação dos parâmetros radiográficos
Authors: Miranda Saulo Fouani de , Corotti Vitor Gustavo de Paiva , Menegaz Phelipe , Ueda Welington , Vialle Emiliano Neves , Vialle Luiz Roberto
Published: May 2018

Objetivo Analisar prospectivamente as variáveis radiográficas do equilíbrio sagital da coluna lombossacral no pré e pós-operatório dos pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total de quadril (ATQ).

Métodos Estudo prospectivo, observacional e comparativo que avaliou parâmetros radiográficos pré e pós-operatórios imediatos de 71 pacientes submetidos a 72 ATQs em três anos (2014–2017) por coxartrose primária, dos quais 28 fizeram controle pós-operatório tardio (6 meses), através do programa Surgimap Spine (Surgimap, Nova York, NY, EUA). A análise estatística foi feita com o teste t de Student, o modelo de análise de covariância (ANCOVA, na sigla em inglês) e o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Os dados foram analisados com o programa IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Versão 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, EUA). Valores de p < 0,05 indicaram significância estatística.

Resultados Os 72 casos avaliados apresentaram uma idade média de 57,9 anos, com predominância do sexo feminino (60,6%) e de pacientes > 50 anos (71,8%). Houve uma diminuição global nos valores da lordose lombar no pós-operatório imediato, sem grandes alterações globais na evolução tardia. Aferiu-se que pacientes com uma incidência pélvica ≥ 60° tendem a ter os demais parâmetros do equilíbrio sagital elevados.

Conclusão Não houve diferença significativa entre as variáveis radiográficas do equilíbrio sagital lombopélvico nos períodos avaliados. A lordose lombar e a incidência pélvica foram os principais fatores modificantes. A melhoria da lombalgia pós-ATQ sem alterações desses parâmetros sugere diferentes mecanismos da patologia ainda a serem esclarecidos.
Análise da morbimortalidade dos pacientes com fraturas peritrocantéricas tratadas cirurgicamente com haste intramedular de fêmur proximal
Authors: Quintas Sidney , Charlab Jacques , Ramos Max , Mansur Henrique
Published: May 2018

Objetivo Analisar a morbimortalidade dos pacientes com fraturas peritrocantéricas tratadas com haste intramedular e sua relação com o tempo de internação, com o tempo para fazer o procedimento cirúrgico, e com as comorbidades dos pacientes.

Métodos Foi feito um estudo observacional, analítico e retrospectivo por meio da avaliação dos prontuários de 74 pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico de fraturas peritrocantéricas com haste intramedular de fêmur proximal de 2011 a 2014 em uma unidade hospitalar.

Resultados A idade média no momento da ocorrência da fratura foi de 79,7 anos, e o tempo de internação total médio foi de 16,7 dias, com média de 11,3 dias até a cirurgia e 5,4 dias da cirurgia à alta. A incidência de complicações na internação no grupo com idade ≥ 78,5 anos foi de 47,6%, enquanto no grupo mais novo ela foi de 19,4% (p = 0,013). A incidência de complicações na internação no grupo que fez a cirurgia após 6 dias foi significativamente maior (42,9%; p = 0,019). Observou-se também que a incidência de complicação na internação está significativamente associada ao risco cirúrgico de grau ≥ 3 (p = 0,001) e à diabetes mellitus (p = 0,001).

Conclusão As complicações relacionadas às fraturas peritrocantéricas estão significativamente associadas ao risco cirúrgico elevado (graus 3 e 4), diabetes mellitus, idade (> 78,5 anos) e tempo de internação pré-operatório prolongado (> 6 dias).
Diversifying to Reduce Conservation Outcome Uncertainty in Multiple Environmental Objectives
Authors: Ando Amy , Howlader Aparna , Mallory Mindy
Published: May 2018

In this paper we develop tools and intuition for portfolio optimization for multiple conservation objectives. We show it is more efficient to optimize a conservation portfolio for multiple goods jointly, allowing planners to exploit information about multiple dimensions of correlations between goods. We identified a new type of correlation that is important for optimal conservation planning of multiple objectives under uncertainty: scenario correlation between objectives in a given part of the landscape. The conservation planner faces a different kind of problem if the objectives at hand respond similarly rather than differently to climate shocks in subregions of the planning area.
Analysis of Emergency Health Care Workforce and Service Readiness for a Mass Casualty Event in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Veenema Tener Goodwin , Boland Fiona , Patton Declan , O’Connor Tom , Moore Zena , Schneider-Firestone Sarah
Published: May 2018

Objective

Ultimately, a country’s capacity for a large-scale major emergency response will be directly related to the competence of its health care provider (HCP) workforce and communication between emergency responders and hospitals. The purpose of this study was to assess HCP preparedness and service readiness for a major emergency involving mass casualties (mass casualty event or MCE) in Ireland.

Methods

A cross-sectional study using a 53-item survey was administered to a purposive sample of emergency responders and HCPs in the Republic of Ireland. Data collection was achieved using the Qualtrics® Research Suite. Descriptive statistics and appropriate tests of comparison between professional disciplines were conducted using Stata 13.

Results

A total of 385 respondents, registered nurses (43.4%), paramedics (37.9%), medical doctors (10.1%), and administrators/managers (8.6%), participated in the study. In general, a level of knowledge of MCEs and knowledge of clinical response activities and self-assessed clinical competence varied drastically across many aspects of the survey. Knowledge and confidence also varied across professional disciplines (P<0.05) with nurses, in general, reporting the least knowledge and/or confidence.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that serious deficits exist in HCP knowledge, skills, and self-perceived abilities to participate in a large-scale MCE. Results also suggest a poor knowledge base of existing major emergency response plans. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:243–255)
Whalebone Gaming Pieces: Aspects of Marine Mammal Exploitation in Vendel and Viking Age Scandinavia
Authors: Hennius Andreas , Gustavsson Rudolf , Ljungkvist John , Spindler Luke
Published: May 2018

Discussions of pre-Viking trade and production have for many decades focused on products made of precious metals, glass and, to some degree, iron. This is hardly surprising considering the difficulties in finding and provenancing products made of organic matter. In this article we examine gaming pieces made from bone and antler, which are not unusual in Scandinavian burials in the Vendel and Viking period (c.ad550–1050). A special emphasis is placed on whalebone pieces that appear to dominate after aroundad550, signalling a large-scale production and exploitation of North Atlantic whale products. In combination with other goods such as bear furs, birds of prey, and an increased iron and tar production, whalebone products are part of an intensified large-scale outland exploitation and indicate strong, pre-urban trading routes across Scandinavia and Europe some 200 years before the Viking period and well before the age of the emporia.
EMP control and characterization on high-power laser systems
Authors: Bradford P. , Woolsey N. C. , Scott G. G. , Liao G. , Liu H. , Zhang Y. , Zhu B. , Armstrong C. , Astbury S. , Brenner C. , Brummitt P. , Consoli F. , East I. , Gray R. , Haddock D. , Huggard P. , Jones P. J. R. , Montgomery E. , Musgrave I. , Oliveira P. , Rusby D. R. , Spindloe C. , Summers B. , Zemaityte E. , Zhang Z. , Li Y. , McKenna P. , Neely D.
Published: May 2018

Giant electromagnetic pulses (EMP) generated during the interaction of high-power lasers with solid targets can seriously degrade electrical measurements and equipment. EMP emission is caused by the acceleration of hot electrons inside the target, which produce radiation across a wide band from DC to terahertz frequencies. Improved understanding and control of EMP is vital as we enter a new era of high repetition rate, high intensity lasers (e.g. the Extreme Light Infrastructure). We present recent data from the VULCAN laser facility that demonstrates how EMP can be readily and effectively reduced. Characterization of the EMP was achieved using B-dot and D-dot probes that took measurements for a range of different target and laser parameters. We demonstrate that target stalk geometry, material composition, geodesic path length and foil surface area can all play a significant role in the reduction of EMP. A combination of electromagnetic wave and 3D particle-in-cell simulations is used to inform our conclusions about the effects of stalk geometry on EMP, providing an opportunity for comparison with existing charge separation models.
Capillary interactions between dynamically forced particles adsorbed at a planar interface and on a bubble
Authors: De Corato M. , Garbin V.
Published: May 2018

We investigate the dynamic interfacial deformation induced by micrometric particles exerting a periodic force on a planar interface or on a bubble, and the resulting lateral capillary interactions. Assuming that the deformation of the interface is small, neglecting the effect of viscosity and assuming point particles, we derive analytical formulas for the dynamic deformation of the interface. For the case of a planar interface the dynamic point force simply generates capillary waves, while for the case of a bubble it excites shape oscillations, with a dominant deformation mode that depends on the bubble radius for a given forcing frequency. We evaluate the lateral capillary force acting between two particles, by superimposing the deformations induced by two point forces. We find that the lateral capillary forces experienced by dynamically forced particles are non-monotonic and can be repulsive. The results are applicable to micrometric particles driven by different dynamic forcing mechanisms such as magnetic, electric or acoustic fields.
Laboratory-scale swash flows generated by a non-breaking solitary wave on a steep slope
Authors: Higuera P. , Liu P. L.-F. , Lin C. , Wong W.-Y. , Kao M.-J.
Published: May 2018

The main goal of this paper is to provide insights into swash flow dynamics, generated by a non-breaking solitary wave on a steep slope. Both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the details of runup and rundown processes. Special attention is given to the evolution of the bottom boundary layer over the slope in terms of flow separation, vortex formation and the development of a hydraulic jump during the rundown phase. Laboratory experiments were performed to measure the flow velocity fields by means of high-speed particle image velocimetry (HSPIV). Detailed pathline patterns of the swash flows and free-surface profiles were also visualized. Highly resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out. Numerical results are compared with laboratory measurements with a focus on the velocities inside the boundary layer. The overall agreement is excellent during the initial stage of the runup process. However, discrepancies in the model/data comparison grow as time advances because the numerical model does not simulate the shoreline dynamics accurately. Introducing small temporal and spatial shifts in the comparison yields adequate agreement during the entire rundown process. Highly resolved numerical solutions are used to study physical variables that are not measured in laboratory experiments (e.g. pressure field and bottom shear stress). It is shown that the main mechanism for vortex shedding is correlated with the large pressure gradient along the slope as the rundown flow transitions from supercritical to subcritical, under the developing hydraulic jump. Furthermore, the bottom shear stress analysis indicates that the largest values occur at the shoreline and that the relatively large bottom shear stress also takes place within the supercritical flow region, being associated with the backwash vortex system rather than the plunging wave. It is clearly demonstrated that the combination of laboratory observations and numerical simulations have indeed provided significant insights into the swash flow processes.
Non-ideal oblique shock waves
Authors: Vimercati Davide , Gori Giulio , Guardone Alberto
Published: May 2018

From the analysis of the isentropic limit of weak compression shock waves, oblique shock waves in which the post-shock Mach number is larger than the pre-shock Mach number, named non-ideal oblique shocks, are admissible in substances characterized by moderate molecular complexity and in the close proximity to the liquid–vapour saturation curve. Non-ideal oblique shocks of finite amplitude are systematically analysed, clarifying the roles of the pre-shock thermodynamic state and Mach number. The necessary conditions for the occurrence of non-ideal oblique shocks of finite amplitude are singled out. In the parameter space of pre-shock thermodynamic states and Mach number, a new domain is defined which embeds the pre-shock states for which the Mach number increase can possibly take place. The present findings are confirmed by state-of-the-art thermodynamic models applied to selected commercially available fluids, including siloxanes and hydrocarbons currently used as working fluids in renewable energy systems.
Polyphenol-rich extract from grape and blueberry attenuates cognitive decline and improves neuronal function in aged mice
Authors: Bensalem Julien , Dudonné Stéphanie , Gaudout David , Servant Laure , Calon Frédéric , Desjardins Yves , Layé Sophie , Lafenetre Pauline , Pallet Véronique
Published: May 2018

Ageing is characterised by memory deficits, associated with brain plasticity impairment. Polyphenols from berries, such as flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, and resveratrol, have been suggested to modulate synaptic plasticity and cognitive processes. In the present study we assessed the preventive effect of a polyphenol-rich extract from grape and blueberry (PEGB), with high concentrations of flavonoids, on age-related cognitive decline in mice. Adult and aged (6 weeks and 16 months) mice were fed a PEGB-enriched diet for 14 weeks. Learning and memory were assessed using the novel object recognition and Morris water maze tasks. Brain polyphenol content was evaluated with ultra-high-performance LC-MS/MS. Hippocampal neurotrophin expression was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Finally, the effect of PEGB on adult hippocampal neurogenesis was assessed by immunochemistry, counting the number of cells expressing doublecortin and the proportion of cells with dendritic prolongations. The combination of grape and blueberry polyphenols prevented age-induced learning and memory deficits. Moreover, it increased hippocampal nerve growth factor (Ngf) mRNA expression. Aged supplemented mice displayed a greater proportion of newly generated neurons with prolongations than control age-matched mice. Some of the polyphenols included in the extract were detected in the brain in the native form or as metabolites. Aged supplemented mice also displayed a better survival rate. These data suggest that PEGB may prevent age-induced cognitive decline. Possible mechanisms of action include a modulation of brain plasticity. Post-treatment detection of phenolic compounds in the brain suggests that polyphenols may act directly at the central level, while they can make an impact on mouse survival through a potential systemic effect.
Influence of recent warming and ice dynamics on glacier surface elevations in the Canadian High Arctic, 1995–2014
Authors: MORTIMER COLLEEN A. , SHARP MARTIN , VAN WYCHEN WESLEY
Published: May 2018

Repeat airborne laser altimetry measurements show widespread thinning (surface lowering) of glaciers in Canada's Queen Elizabeth Islands since 1995. Thinning rates averaged for 50 m elevation bins, were more than three times higher during the period 2005/06 to 2012/14 pentad than during the previous two pentads. Strongly negative thickness change (dh/dt) anomalies from 2005/06 to 2012/14, relative to the 1995–2012/14 mean, suggest that most of the measured thinning occurred during the most recent 5–6 year period when mean summer land surface temperatures (LSTs) were anomalously high and the mean summer black-sky shortwave broadband albedos (BSA) were anomalously low, relative to the 2000/01–15/16 period, and upper-air (700 hPa) and near surface (2 m) air temperatures were between 0.8°C and 1.5°C higher than 1995–2012 mean. Comparisons of dh/dt with mean summer LST and BSA measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and with surface longitudinal strain rates computed from surface velocity fields derived from RADARSAT 1/2 and Landat-7 ETM + data suggest that surface elevation changes were driven mainly by changes in climate. An exception to this occurs along many fast-flowing outlet glaciers where ice dynamics appear also to have played an important role in surface elevation changes.