bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Response Characteristics and Pile Damage Identification of High-Piled Wharves under Dynamic Loading
Authors: Xu Xubing , Di Xiaole , Zheng Yonglai , Liu Anni , Hou Chenyu , Lan Xin
Published: October 2024

In port dock engineering, high-piled wharves represent one of the primary structural forms. Damage to the foundation piles is a common issue, influenced by external loads such as impact forces during vessel berthing, slope deformations, and operational loads. This study focuses on the Jungong Road Wharf in Shanghai, utilizing FLAC 3D version 6.0 to conduct dynamic calculations under ship impact loading. The dynamic responses of the structure were analyzed, and various internal forces were extracted during the impact event. By combining concrete cracking failure criteria and fatigue damage theories, the effects of ship collisions on the cracking damage of high-piled wharf structures under different scenarios were assessed. Additionally, the applicability of modal flexibility in high-piled wharf scenarios was evaluated through finite element simulations. The results indicate that the dynamic amplification factor caused by dynamic loading is approximately 1.5, underscoring the necessity of considering this effect in the design and impact analysis of high-piled wharves. The impact loading significantly influences the bending moments of the piles, with inclined piles showing the greatest sensitivity. When a designed ship model collides with the high-piled wharf structure at a speed of 0.2 m/s, the tensile stress in the inclined piles reaches 87% of the ultimate tensile strength of the reinforcement. The impact loading has a relatively minor effect on the axial forces of the piles, a limited influence on the bending moments of the beams, but a considerable impact on the axial forces of the beams. Berthing by oversized vessels and unexpected incidents can lead to more severe damage to high-piled wharf structures. In the finite element simulations, modal flexibility effectively identified the locations of damage, with greater changes in modal flexibility correlating with increased damage severity.
MDSA: A Dynamic and Greedy Approach to Solve the Minimum Dominating Set Problem
Authors: Okumuş Fatih , Karcı Şeyda
Published: October 2024

The graph theory is one of the fundamental structures in computer science used to model various scientific and engineering problems. Many problems within the graph theory are categorized as NP-hard and NP-complete. One such problem is the minimum dominating set (MDS) problem, which seeks to identify the minimum possible subsets in a graph such that every other node in the subset is directly connected to a node in this subset. Due to its inherent complexity, developing an efficient polynomial-time method to address the MDS problem remains a significant challenge in graph theory. This paper introduces a novel algorithm that utilizes a centrality measure known as the Malatya Centrality to effectively address the MDS problem. The proposed algorithm, called the Malatya Dominating Set Algorithm (MDSA), leverages centrality values to identify dominating sets within a graph. It extends the Malatya centrality by incorporating a second-level centrality measure, which enhances the identification of dominating nodes. Through a systematic and algorithmic approach, these centrality values are employed to pinpoint the elements of the dominating set. The MDSA uniquely integrates greedy and dynamic programming strategies. At each step, the algorithm selects the most optimal (or near-optimal) node based on the centrality values (greedy approach) while updating the neighboring nodes’ criteria to influence subsequent decisions (dynamic programming). The proposed algorithm demonstrates efficient performance, particularly in large-scale graphs, with time and space requirements scaling proportionally with the size of the graph and its average degree. Experimental results indicate that our algorithm outperforms existing methods, especially in terms of time complexity when applied to large datasets, showcasing its effectiveness in addressing the MDS problem.
Examining the Influence of Freehand, Pilot-Guided, and Fully Guided Surgical Protocols on the Accuracy of Immediately Placed Implants—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Pitman Jeremy , Cosyn Jan , Christiaens Véronique , Younes Faris , De Bruyckere Thomas , Vervaeke Stijn , Glibert Maarten
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the guidance level on the accuracy of immediately placed implants. Methods: Eighteen identical maxillary models (randomly split into three groups (n = 6): fully guided (FG), pilot-guided (PG), and freehand (FH)) were used to place 72 implants (n = 24). After placement, the mean global, angular, mesial–distal, buccal–palatal, and vertical deviation at the platform and apex of the placed implants, relative to the preoperatively planned positions, was calculated. Results: Significant differences in global and mesial–distal deviation were found between implants in the FG group and implants in the PG and FH groups. Significant differences were also found between the implants in the FG and FH groups as well as the implants in the PG and FH groups in terms of angular and mesial–distal apex deviation. Finally, significant differences were found between the implants in the FG and PG groups in terms of buccal–palatal platform deviation. Conclusions: The results of this in vitro study show that immediate implants placed using fully guided surgical guides have significantly less deviation, and are therefore more accurate, than implants placed freehand or using pilot guides, but this should be further validated in a clinical trial.
Orifice versus Converging-Nozzle Grid Turbulence: A Wavelet Perspective
Authors: Raj Ankit , Ting David S.-K. , Yang Yang
Published: October 2024

Grids such as perforated plates are of fundamental importance in flow turbulence study and are commonly utilised to promote mixing. An orificed perforated plate (OPP) and its reversed counterpart, the converging-nozzle perforated plate (CNPP), were applied to produce quasi-isotropic turbulence inside a wind tunnel. The three orthogonal velocity components were measured using a triple hotwire at 10D downstream of the perforated plate for Reynolds numbers, ReD, 18,700 and 28,400, where D is the diameter of the perforated holes. The statistics of the grid-generated turbulence was analysed using the time-averaged local velocity profile and turbulence intensity, which revealed a more homogeneous distribution of the flow field with a higher level of turbulence for the OPP. Fourier and wavelet analyses were employed to investigate the energy of the eddies as a function of frequency and multiscale characteristics of the fluctuating velocity, respectively. At ReD = 18,700, the turbulent energy remains prominently with large-scale vortical structures which are non-intermittently present in the flow for both perforated plates. The thickness of the converging channels of the CNPP appears to provide the venue for spawning intermittent fluctuations. At higher ReD 28,400, the effect of this intermittent behaviour becomes evident for the CNPP, leading to a multiscale distribution of turbulent energy.
CJE-PCHF: Chinese Joint Entity and Relation Extraction Model Based on Progressive Contrastive Learning and Heterogeneous Feature Fusion
Authors: He Meng , Bai Yunli , Wei Dongye
Published: October 2024

The joint extraction of entities and relations is a critical task in information extraction, and its performance directly affects the performance of downstream tasks. However, existing joint extraction models based on deep learning exhibit weak processing capabilities for the phenomenon of multiple pronunciations of one character and multiple characters of one pronunciation when processing Chinese texts, resulting in a performance loss. To address these issues, this paper introduces part-of-speech (POS) and pinyin features to aid the model in learning semantic features that are more contextually appropriate. We propose a Chinese Joint Entity and Relation Extraction Model based on progressive contrastive learning and heterogeneous feature fusion (CJE-PCHF). During model training, an interactive fusion network based on progressive contrastive learning is employed to learn the dependencies between pinyin, POS, and semantic features. This guides the model in heterogeneous feature fusion, capturing higher-order semantic associations between heterogeneous features. On the commonly used DuIE evaluation dataset for joint extraction, our model achieved a significant improvement, with the F1 score increasing by 5.4% compared to the benchmark model CasRel.
Polyphenolic Content and Sensory Characteristics of New Zealand Honey Ice Cream
Authors: George Emey M. , Gannabathula Swapna , Kantono Kevin , Hamid Nazimah
Published: October 2024

The natural sweetness, unique flavour, and potential health benefits of honey make it a desirable ingredient for ice cream that can increase its appeal for consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate the polyphenolic content and sensory properties of ice cream made using a variety of New Zealand honey (clover, bush, pōhutukawa, rewarewa, kamahi, and thyme honey). The major polyphenols in honey ice cream were quinic acid, pinocembrin, hydroxybenzoic acid, pinobanksin and chrysin. Thyme and clover honey ice cream had the highest concentration of polyphenols. Ice cream sweetened with sucrose, as well as pōhutukawa, rewarewa and kāmahi honey were the most liked ice cream in terms of overall liking.
Comparing Brain Activation Patterns in Stress-Induced and Post-Stress Recovery States of Highly and Moderately Stressed Individuals
Authors: Choi Mi-Hyun , Choi Jin-Seung
Published: October 2024

Our study aimed to identify the mechanisms of stress-induced and post-stress recovery states by evaluating voxel type and the total number of voxels activated based on Perceived Stress Scale scores. Functional MRI (fMRI) was used to measure the brain activation patterns in participants grouped into moderate- and high-stress categories. The number of activation voxels in the parahippocampal gyrus of the limbic lobe was greater in the high-stress group than in the moderate-stress group. Moreover, only the high-stress group showed the characteristic activation of the left precuneus. The moderate-stress group showed a greater number of activation voxels than the high-stress group for the occipital, frontal, and limbic lobes, while the reverse was true for the parietal lobe. In the post-stress recovery phase, the left lingual, inferior frontal, and middle frontal gyri were activated, and the number of activation voxels in these areas was greater in the high-stress group than in the moderate-stress group. The characteristic activation of the declive in the left cerebellum was observed in the moderate-stress group, whereas the activation of the right cuneus was dominant in the high-stress group. Our findings suggest that perceived stress may play an important role in determining the neural mechanisms underlying stress and post-stress recovery, providing insights into the complex interplay between the psychological and neural processes occurring in response to stress.
Research on Evaluation and Prediction Methods of Cognitive Intentions for Product Morphological Features
Authors: Yang Jianwei , Wang Yi , Peng Min , Torrens George
Published: October 2024

The morphological characteristics of a product serve as essential carriers for conveying design intentions. These characteristics directly affect users’ comprehension of the product’s functions and proper usage, which are critical to the safety of product utilization and the overall comfort of the user experience. Incorporating prior experience to predict users’ cognitive intentions regarding product form characteristics can provide valuable evaluation and decision-making references for design. This approach effectively reduces product development risks and contributes to enhancing user acceptance and experience. The study established intention discrimination indicators for form characteristics, covering six dimensions: functional orientation, behavioral intention, recognizability, cognitive load, attention distribution, and experiential feeling. Combining multidimensional scaling (MDS) and systematic clustering, samples were screened, and the morphological decomposition method was used to categorize and extract form characteristic categories and feature factors. The entropy weight method was applied to assign weights to the feature categories, and a feedforward neural network (FNN) was employed to construct a prediction model for cognitive intentions regarding product form characteristics. The model was tested using leave-one-out cross-validation, yielding a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.0089 and an R correlation coefficient of 0.9998, indicating high reliability. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of this method were validated through a case study on earthquake science experience facilities.
Phage Anti-Pycsar Proteins Efficiently Degrade β-Lactam Antibiotics
Authors: Joshi Pallav , Krco Stefan , Davis Samuel J. , Asser Lachlan , Brück Thomas , Soo Rochelle M. , Bodén Mikael , Hugenholtz Philip , Wilson Liam A. , Schenk Gerhard , Morris Marc T.
Published: October 2024

Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are members of the structurally conserved but functionally diverse MBL-fold superfamily of metallohydrolases. MBLs are a major concern for global health care as they efficiently inactivate β-lactam antibiotics, including the “last-resort” carbapenems, and no clinically suitable inhibitors are currently available. Increasingly, promiscuous β-lactamase activity is also observed in other members of the superfamily, including from viruses, which represents an underexplored reservoir for future pathways to antibiotic resistance. Here, two such MBL-fold enzymes from Bacillus phages, the cyclic mononucleotide-degrading proteins ApycGoe3 and ApycGrass, are shown to degrade β-lactam substrates efficiently in vitro. In particular, ApycGrass displays a distinct preference for carbapenem substrates with a catalytic efficiency that is within one order of magnitude of the clinically relevant MBL NDM-1. Mutagenesis experiments also demonstrate that the loss of a metal-bridging aspartate residue reduces nuclease activity up to 35-fold but improves carbapenemase activity. In addition, we hypothesise that the oligomeric state significantly influences β-lactamase activity by modifying access to the active site pocket. Together, these observations hint at a possible new avenue of resistance via the spread of phage-borne MBL-fold enzymes with β-lactamase activity.
Comparing the Effects of Two Surfactant Administration Methods: Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy (MIST) with Intubation (INSURE) in Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Boskabadi Hassan , Behmadi Maryam , Maamouri Gholamali , Loghmani Tina , Rangrazi Abdolrasoul
Published: October 2024

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of administering a surfactant through a fine intra-tracheal catheter during spontaneous breathing with the usual INSURE method in premature infants. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, premature babies with respiratory distress syndrome who required surfactant administration were randomly assigned to two groups: an intervention group (MIST) and a control group (INSURE). The treatment results were compared in terms of complications related to treatment (desaturation, apnea, bradycardia, and surfactant reflux), respiratory complications (requirement for mechanical ventilation, duration of nCPAP, duration of oxygen requirement, frequency of pneumothorax, and pulmonary hemorrhage), complications related to prematurity (incidence of IVH, NEC, BPD, and PDA), the need for a second dose of surfactant, and the duration of hospitalization. Results: a total of 160 premature babies with a gestational age of 26–34 weeks were randomly divided into two groups. The results showed that the need for mechanical ventilation, the duration of CPAP needed, and the duration of oxygen therapy were significantly lower in the MIST group than in the INSURE group. Additionally, the incidence of BPD was less common in the MIST group compared to the INSURE group. However, surfactant reflux was more common in the MIST group than in the INSURE group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in other outcomes, including the length of hospital stay and complications such as IVH, PDA, NEC, pneumothorax, and pulmonary hemorrhage. Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrate that the less invasive method of surfactant therapy (MIST) is a feasible, effective, and low-risk alternative to the INSURE method.
Almost Nobody Is Using ChatGPT to Write Academic Science Papers (Yet)
Authors: Desaire Heather , Isom Madeline , Hua David
Published: October 2024

We assessed 19,000 scientific introductions to measure the level of undisclosed use of ChatGPT in scientific papers published in 2023 and early 2024. We applied a “stylistics” approach that has previously been shown to be effective at differentiating AI-generated text from human-written text in a variety of venues. Ten different MDPI journals were selected for this study, and the rate of use of undisclosed AI writing in these journals was fairly consistent across the journals. We estimate that ChatGPT was used for writing or significant editing in about 1 to 3% of the introductions tested. This analysis is the first systematic study of detecting undisclosed ChatGPT in published manuscripts in cases where obvious indicators, such as phrases like “regenerate response”, are not present. The work demonstrates that generative AI is not polluting mainstream journals to any appreciable extent and that the overwhelming majority of scientists remain hesitant to embrace this tool for late-stage writing and editing.
A Novel Method for Improving Baggage Classification Using a Hyper Model of Fusion of DenseNet-161 and EfficientNet-B5
Authors: Saleh Mohammed Ali , Abdouh Mohamed , Ramadan Mohamed K.
Published: October 2024

In response to rising concerns over crime rates, there has been an increasing demand for automated video surveillance systems that are capable of detecting human activities involving carried objects. This paper proposes a hyper-model ensemble to classify humans carrying baggage based on the type of bags they are carrying. The Fastai framework is leveraged for its computational prowess, user-friendly workflow, and effective data-cleansing capabilities. The PETA dataset is utilized and automatically re-annotated into five classes based on the baggage type, including Carrying Backpack, Carrying Luggage Case, Carrying Messenger Bag, Carrying Nothing, and Carrying Other. The classification task employs two pretrained models, DenseNet-161 and EfficientNet-B5, with a hyper-model ensemble that combines them to enhance accuracy. A “fit-one-cycle” strategy was implemented to reduce the training time and improve accuracy. The proposed hyper-model ensemble has been experimentally validated and compared to existing methods, demonstrating an accuracy of 98.6% that exceeds current approaches in terms of accuracy, macro-F1, and micro-F1. DenseNet-161 and EfficientNet-B5 have achieved accuracy rates of 95.5% and 97.3%, respectively. These findings contribute to expanding research on automated video surveillance systems, and the proposed model holds promise for further development and use in diverse applications.
Managing Ocular Surface Disease in Glaucoma Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kemer Özlem Evren , Mekala Priya , Dave Bhoomi , Kooner Karanjit Singh
Published: October 2024

Ocular surface disease (OSD) is a frequent disabling challenge among patients with glaucoma who use benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-containing topical glaucoma medications for prolonged periods. In this comprehensive review, we evaluated the prevalence of OSD and its management, focusing on both current and future alternatives. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria were used to assess a) the impact of active ingredients and preservatives on the ocular surface and b) the efficacy of preservative-free (PF) alternatives and adjunctive therapies. BAK-containing glaucoma medications were found to significantly contribute to OSD by increasing corneal staining, reducing tear film stability, and elevating ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores. Transitioning to PF formulations or those with less cytotoxic preservatives, such as Polyquad® and SofZia®, demonstrated a marked improvement in OSD symptoms. In particular, the use of adjunct cyclosporine A, through its anti-inflammatory and enhanced tear film stability actions, was shown to be very beneficial to the ocular surface. Therefore, the most effective management of OSD is multi-factorial, consisting of switching to PF or less cytotoxic medications, adjunct use of cyclosporine A, and early incorporation of glaucoma surgical treatments such as laser trabeculoplasty, trabeculectomy, glaucoma drainage devices, or minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS).
Impact of Benzodiazepine Delorazepam on Growth and Behaviour of Artemia salina Nauplii
Authors: Fogliano Chiara , Carotenuto Rosa , Agnisola Claudio , Motta Chiara Maria , Avallone Bice
Published: October 2024

Benzodiazepines, a significant group of newly recognised water contaminants, are psychotropic medications prescribed for common anxiety symptoms and sleep disorders. They resist efficient degradation during sewage treatment and endure in aquatic environments. Their presence in aquatic matrices is increasing, particularly after the recent pandemic period, which has led many people to systematically use benzodiazepines to manage anxiety. In previous studies, an important interference of this class of drugs on both the larval and adult stages of some aquatic species has been demonstrated, with effects on behaviour and embryonic development. This study examined the influence of delorazepam, a diazepam metabolite, on Artemia salina development to gain insight into responses in naupliar larvae. Results demonstrated that treatments (1, 5, and 10 µg/L) increase the hatching percentage and induce a desynchronisation in growth. Mortality was only slightly increased (close to 10% at six days post-hatching), but lipid reserve consumption was modified, with the persistence of lipid globules at the advanced naupliar stages. Locomotory activity significantly decreased only at 10 µg/L treatment. No teratogenic effects were observed, though modest damages were noticed in the posterior trunk and eyes, two targets of environmental toxicity. The negative impact of delorazepam on Artemia salina adds to those already reported in other species of invertebrates and vertebrates, which are not yet considered targets of these drugs. This study underscores the need for further research and immediate attention to this class of contaminants and the importance of monitoring their presence during environmental risk assessments.
Presence of Mercury in an Arid Zone of Mexico: A Perspective Based on Biomonitoring of Mammals from Three Trophic Guilds
Authors: Mora-Villa Leticia Anaid , León-Paniagua Livia , García-Martínez Rocío , Arroyo-Cabrales Joaquín
Published: October 2024

Mercury (Hg) has been extensively studied due to its impact on the environment and health, but its effects on wild mammal populations are still poorly known. Therefore, the use of biomonitors has gained importance. Our objective was to report and compare, for the first time, the amount of mercury in small mammals belonging to three trophic guilds and to provide an initial toxicology perspective in the Mezquital Valley, a critically polluted area of Central Mexico. We quantified total Hg from the hair and liver of a nectarivorous bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae), an insectivorous bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) and a granivorous mouse (Peromyscus melanophrys) using atomic absorption spectrometry during the dry and rainy seasons. We compared the mercury concentrations between seasons, species and matrices. In all species, the average mercury content was higher in hair than liver, and there was no correlation between matrices. There was no difference in mercury content among species. Hg concentrations in the livers of P. melanophrys and C. townsendii were lower during the dry season than the rainy season, suggesting a seasonal decline in mercury availability. All of the values detected were below the neurotoxicity threshold reported in small mammals (10 ppm); however, we propose constant monitoring of Hg in their environment and confirm the utility of these species as biomonitors.
Exposure to Gold Induces Autoantibodies against Nuclear Antigens in A.TL Mice
Authors: Puente-Marin Sara , Havarinasab Said
Published: October 2024

To demonstrate causation or/and assess pathogenic mechanisms of environment-induced autoimmunity, various animal models that mimic the characteristics of the human autoimmune diseases need to be developed. Experimental studies in mice reveal the genetic factors that contribute to autoimmune diseases. Here, the immune response of two mouse strains congenic for non-H-2 genes, A.TL (H-2tl) and A.SW (H-2s), was evaluated after 15 weeks’ exposure to gold aurothiomalate (AuTM). AuTM-treated A.TL mice showed anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) with homogenous and/or fine speckled staining patterns and serum autoantibodies to ds-DNA, chromatin, histones, and ribonucleoproteins (RNP). Female A.TL mice showed a stronger immune response than males, as well as an increase of B cells in their spleen after 15 weeks of gold exposure. A.SW exposed for AuTM showed the induction of anti-nucleolar antibodies (ANoA) with a clumpy staining pattern, as well as an increase in splenic B and T cells. The serum autoantibodies levels in A.SW mice were limited compared to those of A.TL mice. Overall, A.TL presents a stronger immune response after gold exposure than A.SW. The immune response developed in A.TL presents similarities with the clinical manifestations in human autoimmune diseases. Thus, gold-exposed A.TL could constitute a potential experimental mouse model for the study of autoimmunity.
[18F]NaF PET/CT as a Marker for Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications in Bone Disorders
Authors: Zwama Jolien , Rosenberg Neeltje M. , Verheij Vincent A. , Raijmakers Pieter G. H. M. , Yaqub Maqsood , Botman Esmée , de Ruiter Ruben D. , Garrelfs Mark R. , Bökenkamp Arend , Micha Dimitra , Schwarte Lothar A. , Teunissen Bernd P. , Lammertsma Adriaan A. , Boellaard Ronald , Eekhoff Elisabeth M. W.
Published: October 2024

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic bone disorder characterized by episodic flare-ups in connective tissue, which are frequently followed by the formation of heterotopic ossification. The absence of available plasma-soluble biomarkers for flare-ups or heterotopic bone formation poses severe challenges to the monitoring of disease activity to measure or predict disease progression. Recently, 18-fluor-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]NaF PET/CT) was introduced as a potential marker for ossifying FOP activity. This review discusses the pharmacokinetics of [18F]NaF in relation to the pathophysiology of FOP, and its use as a marker of local bone metabolism in a variety of bone-related disorders. In addition, the review specifically addresses the applicability of [18F]NaF PET/CT imaging in FOP as a monitoring modality.
Serum Otoconin-90 and Otolin-1 Concentrations in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Aygun Demet , Dumur Seyma , Elgormus Mehmet Nuri , Alpaslan Mehmet Serkan , Uzun Hafize
Published: October 2024

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the value of otolith-associated protein otoconin-90 (OC90) and otolin-1 in the pathogenesis research and clinical treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Material and Method: The study included 50 patients with BPPV admitted to neurology and otorhinolaryngology departments and 30 healthy subjects with no history of dizziness as a control group. Results: BPPV and controls were similar in terms of gender and age. Otolin-1 concentration was significantly greater in the BPPV group than in the controls (710.44 [584.35–837.39] vs 280.45 [212.7–419.61]; p < 0.001). No statistical significance was found, although OC90 was higher in the BPPV group than in the controls. There was a strong positive correlation between otolin-1 and OC90, a moderate negative correlation between otolin-1 and vitamin D, and a strong negative correlation between OC90 and vitamin D in the BPPV patient group. Otolin-1 had high specificity and AUC values for BPPV (AUC: 0.933; 95% CI: 0.881–0.986, 79.2% sensitivity, 100% specificity with a cutoff greater than 525). Conclusions: High serum concentrations of otolin-1 were associated with an increased risk of BPPV, but high concentrations of OC90 were not. Serum concentrations of otolin-1 can potentially be used as a biomarker for the acute onset of inner ear disorders due to the significant increase in patients with BPPV. Vitamin D has high specificity and sensitivity in patients with BPPV. It also provides evidence that BPPV patients with vitamin D deficiency may improve their symptoms with replacement therapy. More large-scale prospective studies are required to confirm these associations and clarify the exact mechanisms.
Characterization and Physiological Differences of Two Primary Cultures of Human Normal and Hypertrophic Scar Dermal Fibroblasts: A Pilot Study
Authors: Yudintceva Natalia M. , Kolesnichenko Yulia V. , Shatrova Alla N. , Aksenov Nikolay D. , Yartseva Natalia M. , Shevtsov Maxim A. , Fedorov Viacheslav S. , Khotin Mikhail G. , Ziganshin Rustam H. , Mikhailova Natalia A.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Dermal fibroblasts (DFs) are key participants in skin hypertrophic scarring, and their properties are being studied to identify the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of skin scarring. Methods: In the present work, we performed a comparative analysis of DFs isolated from normal skin (normal dermal fibroblasts, NDFs), and hypertrophic scar skin (hypertrophic scar fibroblasts, HTSFs). The fibroblasts were karyotyped and phenotyped, and experiments on growth rate, wound healing, and single-cell motility were conducted. Results: Comparative analysis revealed a minor karyotype difference between cells. However, HTSFs are characterized by higher proliferation level and motility compared to NDFs. These significant differences may be associated with quantitative and qualitative differences in the cell secretome. A proteomic comparison of NDF and HTSF found that differences were associated with metabolic proteins reflecting physiological differences between the two cells lines. Numerous unique proteins were found only in the vesicular phase of vHTSFs. Some proteins involved in cell proliferation (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K) and cell motility (catenin delta-1), which regulate gene transcription and the activity of Rho family GTPases and downstream cytoskeletal dynamics, were identified. A number of proteins which potentially play a role in fibrosis and inflammation (mucin-5B, CD97, adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E2, antileukoproteinase, protein S100-A8 and S100-A9, protein caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 14) were detected in vHTSFs. Conclusions: A comparative analysis of primary cell cultures revealed their various properties, especially in the cell secretome. These proteins may be considered promising target molecules for developing treatment or prevention strategies for pathological skin scarring.
Macrophages as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Mesaros Oana , Onciul Madalina , Matei Emilia , Joldes Corina , Jimbu Laura , Neaga Alexandra , Serban Oana , Zdrenghea Mihnea , Nanut Ana Maria
Published: October 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous malignant hemopathy, and although new drugs have emerged recently, current treatment options still show limited efficacy. Therapy resistance remains a major concern due to its contribution to treatment failure, disease relapse, and increased mortality among patients. The underlying mechanisms of resistance to therapy are not fully understood, and it is crucial to address this challenge to improve therapy. Macrophages are immune cells found within the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME), of critical importance for leukemia development and progression. One defining feature of macrophages is their plasticity, which allows them to adapt to the variations in the microenvironment. While this adaptability is advantageous during wound healing, it can also be exploited in cancer scenarios. Thus, clinical and preclinical investigations that target macrophages as a therapeutic strategy appear promising. Existing research indicates that targeting macrophages could enhance the effectiveness of current AML treatments. This review addresses the importance of macrophages as therapeutic targets including relevant drugs investigated in clinical trials such as pexidartinib, magrolimab or bexmarilimab, but also provides new insights into lesser-known therapies, like macrophage receptor with a collagenous structure (MACRO) inhibitors and Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists.
Regulation of Airway Epithelial-Derived Alarmins in Asthma: Perspectives for Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Hansi Ravneet K. , Ranjbar Maral , Whetstone Christiane E. , Gauvreau Gail M.
Published: October 2024

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition predominantly driven by a type 2 immune response. Epithelial-derived alarmins such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-33, and IL-25 orchestrate the activation of downstream Th2 cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), along with other immune effector cells. While these alarmins are produced in response to inhaled triggers, such as allergens, respiratory pathogens or particulate matter, disproportionate alarmin production by airway epithelial cells can lead to asthma exacerbations. With alarmins produced upstream of the type 2 inflammatory cascade, understanding the pathways by which these alarmins are regulated and expressed is critical to further explore new therapeutics for the treatment of asthmatic patients. This review emphasizes the critical role of airway epithelium and epithelial-derived alarmins in asthma pathogenesis and highlights the potential of targeting alarmins as a promising therapeutic to improve outcomes for asthma patients.
Design and Optimization of a Custom-Made Six-Bar Exoskeleton for Pulp Pinch Grasp Rehabilitation in Stroke Patients
Authors: Andrés-Esperanza Javier , Iserte-Vilar José L. , Roda-Casanova Víctor
Published: October 2024

Stroke often causes neuromotor disabilities, impacting index finger function in daily activities. Due to the role of repetitive, even passive, finger movements in neuromuscular re-education and spasticity control, this study aims to design a rehabilitation exoskeleton based on the pulp pinch movement. The exoskeleton uses an underactuated RML topology with a single degree of mobility, customized from 3D scans of the patient’s hand. It consists of eight links, incorporating two consecutive four-bar mechanisms and the third inversion of a crank–slider. A two-stage genetic optimization was applied, first to the location of the intermediate joint between the two four-bar mechanisms and later to the remaining dimensions. A targeted genetic optimization process monitored two quality metrics: average mechanical advantage from extension to flexion, and its variability. By analyzing the relationship between these metrics and key parameters at different synthesis stages, the population evaluated is reduced by up to 96.2%, compared to previous studies for the same problem. This custom-fit exoskeleton uses a small linear actuator to deliver a stable 12.45 N force to the fingertip with near-constant mechanical advantage during flexion. It enables repetitive pulp pinch movements in a flaccid finger, improving rehabilitation consistency and facilitating home-based therapy.
Metal Organic Frameworks Based Wearable and Point-of-Care Electrochemical Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: Theyagarajan K , Kim Young-Joon
Published: October 2024

The modern healthcare system strives to provide patients with more comfortable and less invasive experiences, focusing on noninvasive and painless diagnostic and treatment methods. A key priority is the early diagnosis of life-threatening diseases, which can significantly improve patient outcomes by enabling treatment at earlier stages. While most patients must undergo diagnostic procedures before beginning treatment, many existing methods are invasive, time-consuming, and inconvenient. To address these challenges, electrochemical-based wearable and point-of-care (PoC) sensing devices have emerged, playing a crucial role in the noninvasive, continuous, periodic, and remote monitoring of key biomarkers. Due to their numerous advantages, several wearable and PoC devices have been developed. In this focused review, we explore the advancements in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)-based wearable and PoC devices. MOFs are porous crystalline materials that are cost-effective, biocompatible, and can be synthesized sustainably on a large scale, making them promising candidates for sensor development. However, research on MOF-based wearable and PoC sensors remains limited, and no comprehensive review has yet to synthesize the existing knowledge in this area. This review aims to fill that gap by emphasizing the design of materials, fabrication methodologies, sensing mechanisms, device construction, and real-world applicability of these sensors. Additionally, we underscore the importance and potential of MOF-based wearable and PoC sensors for advancing healthcare technologies. In conclusion, this review sheds light on the current state of the art, the challenges faced, and the opportunities ahead in MOF-based wearable and PoC sensing technologies.
Fluorescence Immunoassay of Prostate-Specific Antigen Using 3D Paddle Screw-Type Devices and Their Rotating System
Authors: Han Su Bin , Kim Han Sol , Jo Young Ju , Lee Soo Suk
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we present a sensitive and highly reproducible fluorescence immunosensor for detecting PSA in human serum. A unique feature of this study is that it uses creatively designed paddle screw-type devices and their custom-made rotating system for PSA immunoassay. The paddle screw devices were designed to maximize the surface-to-volume ratio over which the immunoassay reaction could occur to improve detection sensitivity. This paddle screw-based immunoassay offers an accessible and efficient method with a short analysis time of less than 30 min. Active rotation of the paddle screw plays a crucial role in fast and accurate analysis of PSA. Additionally, a paddle screw-based immunoassay and subsequent fluorescence detection using a custom prototype fluorescence detection system were compared to a typical well plate-based immunoassay system. Results of PSA detection in human serum showed that the detection sensitivity through the paddle screw-based analysis improved about five times compared to that with a well plate-based analysis.
Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Helicobacter pylori, and Enzyme Inhibitory Evaluations of Cleistocalyx operculatus Flower Bud and Leaf Fractions
Authors: Thanh Doan Thien , Tan Mai Thanh , Thu Nguyen Thi My , Trinh Pham Nhat Phuong , Thuong Pham Thi Hoai , Tuyet Pham Thi Giang , Ngan Luong Thi My , Hieu Tran Trung
Published: October 2024

Six solvent fractions isolated from flower bud and leaf ethanolic extracts of Cleistocalyx operculatus were analyzed for their phytochemical contents, including phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. Antioxidant activities were measured using the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The results showed that the flower bud aqueous fraction (BAF) and the leaf aqueous fraction (LAF) rich in phenolic content (768.18 and 490.74 mg GAE/g dry extract, respectively) exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activities than the other fractions. The flower bud hexane fraction (BHF) had remarkably high flavonoid and saponin contents (134.77 mg QE/g and 153.33 mg OA/g dry extract, respectively), followed by that of the leaf hexane fraction (LHF) (76.54 mg QE/g and 88.25 mg OA/g dry extract, respectively). The BHF and LHF were found to have extremely high antibacterial activity against two H. pylori strains, ATCC 51932 and 43504 (MICs of 125 µg/mL). Interestingly, DMC (2′,4′-Dihydroxy-6′-methoxy-3′,5′-dimethylchalcone) isolated from the BHF displayed greater antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains (MICs of 25–50 µg/mL) than those of the fractions. In addition, DMC presented potent inhibitory effects on H. pylori urease (IC50 of 3.2 µg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 of 83.80 µg/mL), but no inhibition against α-glucosidase. It was also demonstrated that DMC showed pronounced inhibitory effects on the urease activity and biofilm formation of H. pylori, and could increase the membrane permeability of the bacterial cells. Scanning electron micrographs depicted that the BHF and DMC had strong effects on the cell shape and significantly induced the distortion and damage of the cell membrane. The fractions and DMC showed no significant toxicity to four tested human cell lines. Efforts to reduce antibiotic use indicate the need for further studies of the flower buds and DMC as potential products to prevent or treat gastric H. pylori infections.
The Measurement Model of Family Strengths for Generation Alpha in the Thai Context
Authors: Pattrawiwat Kanchana , Nilrungratana Pitchaya , Deewai Anusara , Tuntivivat Sudarat
Published: October 2024

The concept of the Thai family has shifted from the traditional family to families of various forms, such as single-parent families, same-sex families, skipped-generation families, and one-person households, which affects not only mental health, but future relationships of the children. This research aimed to analyze the factors that contribute to family strengths in the context of Generation Alpha and develop a measurement model tailored to a Thai context. The sample consisted of parents and caregivers of Generation Alpha, divided into two sections, with 521 participants for exploratory factor analysis and 508 participants for confirmatory factor analysis. Using stratified random sampling, data were collected via questionnaires distributed across four regions of Thailand. The discrimination index ranged from 0.280–0.896, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.952. The results revealed a measurement model consisting of five key factors contributing to family strengths. The factor with the highest score was positive relationships, with a factor loading of 0.92. Additional factors included technology and media literacy, parental roles, good attributes, and mental immunity, with a factor loading of 0.80, 0.74, 0.55, and 0.44, respectively. The measurement model of family strengths for Generation Alpha in the Thai context was found to be consistent with the empirical data. These findings suggest that understanding these family strengths can significantly enhance the well-being of both Generation Alpha and their family members.
Behaviour Change Techniques: An Application to Increase Employees’ Willingness to Accept a Salary Reduction
Authors: Goelema Emma , Boodoo Muhammad Umar , Makki Fadi , Baasiri Ahmad , Kontar Jana , Kirilov Georgi , Vlaev Ivo
Published: October 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many organisations worldwide asked their employees to accept a temporary salary reduction to manage the financial consequences of the unprecedented event. In this paper, we use a CEO’s salary reduction announcement to all employees and investigate whether a behaviour change intervention using five selected Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) increases expat employees’ overall willingness to accept a temporary salary reduction. We use mixed qualitative and quantitative methods, including survey and experiment, to test our hypotheses and frame our results. The results show that, while the direction of impact was positive, respondents were overall not significantly more likely to accept a temporary salary reduction. However, a significant effect was found for the individual BCT ‘Modelling’. Participants were significantly more likely to accept a pay cut if they knew their senior management took a larger cut than asked of participants. The outcomes of this study suggest that the availability of a financial buffer and the strength of the employer–employee relationship play a, possibly more important, role in employees’ willingness to accept a pay reduction. In addition, leadership matters as this study shows that people are more willing to accept a salary reduction when senior management leads the way.
Parental Phubbing Behavior and Adolescents’ Online Gaming Time: The Mediating Role of Electronic Health Literacy
Authors: Liu Jinnan , Xie Tao , Mao Ying
Published: October 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between parents’ phubbing behavior and children’s online gaming time. More importantly, we investigated the mediating role of electronic health literacy in this association. Methods: A total of 1200 questionnaires were sent out and 1130 effective questionnaires were returned, an effective recovery of 94.17%. As some students did not answer part of the EHL survey, eventually only 867 students were included in this study based on the selected independent variables and the degree of questionnaire completion. Both tools used for measuring parental phubbing and electronic health literacy passed confirmatory factor analyses. To analyze the mediating effect of electronic health literacy on parental phubbing behavior and online gaming time, 5000 datapoints were sampled using the Bootstrapping method. Results: The results indicated that parents’ phubbing was positively related to their children’s online gaming time, which was mediated by electronic health literacy, parental phubbing is positively and significantly correlated with electronic health literacy, and electronic health literacy is negatively and significantly correlated with online gaming time among adolescents. Conclusions: Electronic health literacy partially mediates the relationship between parental phubbing behavior and adolescent online gaming time, and Chinese students’ electronic health literacy is a two-dimensional structure consisting of health information acquisition and application. This study is the first empirical study to explore the relationship between parental phubbing behavior and the amount of time adolescents spend playing games online.