bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inviting the Uninvited Guest: Ritual, Festival, Tourism, and the Namahage of Japan
Authors: Foster Michael Dylan
Published: July 2013

Namahage is a Japanese New Year’s Eve ritual in which masked demon-deity figures enter private households to chase and frighten children. The first half of this article situates Namahage within the historical and theoretical context of Japanese folkloristics, and discusses strategies employed by the community to adapt the tradition for tourism. The second half further explores the role of tourism, particularly by invoking the notion of the "uninvited guest" and the process by which private ritual transforms into public performance. It is argued that one way to understand heritage tourism is to shift questions of "authenticity" from the object of tourism to the embodied subject of the visitor.
General Solutions for Magnetohydrodynamic Natural Convection Flow with Radiative Heat Transfer and Slip Condition over a Moving Plate
Authors: Fetecau Constantin , Vieru Dumitru , Fetecau Corina , Akhter Shahraz
Published: July 2013

General solutions for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flow of an incompressible viscous fluid over a moving plate are established when thermal radiation, porous effects, and slip condition are taken into consideration. These solutions, obtained in closed-form by Laplace transform technique, depend on the slip coefficient and the three essential parameters Gr, Preff, and Keff. They satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions and can generate a large class of exact solutions corresponding to different fluid motions with technical relevance. For illustration, two special cases are considered and some interesting results from the literature are recovered as limiting cases. The influence of pertinent parameters on the fluid motion is graphically underlined.
Her2 activation mechanism reflects evolutionary preservation of asymmetric ectodomain dimers in the human EGFR family
Authors: Arkhipov Anton , Shan Yibing , Kim Eric T , Dror Ron O , Shaw David E
Published: July 2013

The receptor tyrosine kinase Her2, an intensely pursued drug target, differs from other members of the EGFR family in that it does not bind EGF-like ligands, relying instead on heterodimerization with other (ligand-bound) EGFR-family receptors for activation. The structural basis for Her2 heterodimerization, however, remains poorly understood. The unexpected recent finding of asymmetric ectodomain dimer structures of Drosophila EGFR (dEGFR) suggests a possible structural basis for Her2 heterodimerization, but all available structures for dimers of human EGFR family ectodomains are symmetric. Here, we report results from long-timescale molecular dynamics simulations indicating that a single ligand is necessary and sufficient to stabilize the ectodomain interface of Her2 heterodimers, which assume an asymmetric conformation similar to that of dEGFR dimers. This structural parallelism suggests a dimerization mechanism that has been conserved in the evolution of the EGFR family from Drosophila to human.
Kriteria Pemilihan Pemasok Menggunakan Analytical Network Process
Authors: Kurniawati Dewi , Yuliando Henry , Widodo Kuncoro Harto
Published: July 2013

The selection of supplier is a strategic decision in supply chain which increase competitive advantages. Every manufacture needs to have a standard supplier selection that appropriate with the requirement of the company. The aims of this paper are promoting some criterias of supplier selection and testing whether there are differences interests against priority criteria referred to of strata tenure distinct. Weights and priorities of the criteria tested with a method of analytic network process (ANP) are also intended to bring up a relation of mutual influence among the criteria. ANP can be used to help making decision of selection supplier and to manage supply chain performance. This paper shows the criteria that influence are the past perfomance, price, communication systems, and a supplier of professionalism is the priority for the production of the company. In the other hand, the importance of management is the delivery time, consistent quality, price, and number of delivery. The difference in perspective is influenced by the level of interest and different responsibilities. The difference this assessment formed the basis of decision-making and strategic policies of the supply chain according to the condition of the company.
Behind bullying and defending: Same‐sex and other‐sex relations and their associations with acceptance and rejection
Authors: Veenstra René , Verlinden Marina , Huitsing Gijs , Verhulst Frank C. , Tiemeier Henning
Published: July 2013

Relatively little is known about bullying and defending behaviors of children in early elementary school. However, this period is crucial for children's development as at this age they start to participate in a stable peer group, and difficulties in social interactions can be detected early by professionals. An interactive animated web‐based computer program was used in this study to assess peer relationships among young children. The computerized assessment was conducted among 2,135 children in grades 1–2 from 22 elementary schools to examine the association of bullying, victimization, and defending with being accepted or rejected. Same‐sex and other‐sex peer relations were distinguished using dyadic data. Both boys and girls were more likely to accept same‐sex classmates than other‐sex classmates, and boys were more often nominated than girls as perpetrators of bullying against both boys and girls. It was found that bullies were rejected by those for whom they posed a potential threat, and that defenders were preferred by those classmates for whom they were a potential source of protection. Bullies chose victims who were rejected by significant others, but contrary to expectations, children who bullied boys scored low on peer affection. It is possible that these bullies were not strategic enough to select the “right” targets. Overall, the current findings provide evidence for strategies involved in bullying and defending at early age. Aggr. Behav. 39:462–471, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical Characteristics and Medication Uses Among Fibromyalgia Patients Newly Prescribed Amitriptyline, Duloxetine, Gabapentin, or Pregabalin
Authors: Kim Seoyoung C. , Landon Joan E. , Solomon Daniel H.
Published: July 2013

Objective

Fibromyalgia is a common chronic pain disorder with unclear etiology. No definitive treatment is available for fibromyalgia, and treatment with antidepressants or antiepileptics is often used for symptom management.

Methods

Using US health care utilization data, a large population‐based cohort study was conducted to describe clinical characteristics and medication use patterns in patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia who newly started amitriptyline, duloxetine, gabapentin, or pregabalin.

Results

There were 13,404 amitriptyline starters, 18,420 duloxetine starters, 23,268 gabapentin starters, and 19,286 pregabalin starters. The mean age ranged from 48–51 years and 72–84% in each group were women. Back pain was the most frequent comorbidity in all 4 groups (range 48–64%) and hypertension, headache, depression, and sleep disorder were also common. The median daily dose at the start of followup was 25 mg for amitriptyline, 60 mg for duloxetine, 300 mg for gabapentin, and 75 mg for pregabalin, and >60% of patients remained on the same dose throughout the followup period. Only one‐fifth of patients continued the treatment started for ≥1 year. The mean number of different prescription drugs at baseline ranged from 8–10 across the groups. More than one‐half of patients took opioids and one‐third took benzodiazepines, sleep disorder drugs, and muscle relaxants.

Conclusion

Patients who started 1 of the 4 common drugs for fibromyalgia similarly had multiple comorbidities and other fibromyalgia‐related medication use, but continued the treatment only for a short time. The dose of the 4 drugs was not increased in most patients during the followup period.
“Somebody to Say ‘Come On We Can Sort This’”: A Qualitative Study of Primary Care Consultation Among Older Adults With Symptomatic Foot Osteoarthritis
Authors: Thomas Martin J. , Moore Andrew , Roddy Edward , Peat George
Published: July 2013

Objective

To examine the experiences of primary care consultation among older adults with symptomatic foot osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Eleven participants (6 women and 5 men) ages 56–80 years who had radiographically confirmed symptomatic foot OA and consulted a general practitioner in the last 12 months for foot pain were purposively sampled. Semistructured interviews explored the nature of the foot problem, help‐seeking behaviors, and consultation experiences. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

The decision to consult a physician was often the outcome of a complex process influenced by quantitative and qualitative changes in symptoms, difficulty maintaining day‐to‐day roles and responsibilities and the effect this had on family and work colleagues, and a reluctance to present a fragile or aging self to the outside world. Self‐management was commonly negotiated alongside multimorbidities. Upon seeking help, participants often believed they received limited information, they were given a brief or even cursory assessment, and that treatment was focused on the prescription of analgesic drugs.

Conclusion

This is the first qualitative study of primary care experiences among patients with symptomatic foot OA. The experience of primary care seldom appeared to move beyond a label of arthritis and an unwelcome emphasis on pharmacologic treatment.
Infection Risk After Orthopedic Surgery in Patients With Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases Treated With Immunosuppressive Drugs
Authors: Scherrer Catrina B. , Mannion Anne F. , Kyburz Diego , Vogt Markus , Kramers‐de Quervain Inès A.
Published: July 2013

Objective

The influence of specific medications on the risk of postoperative infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) remains unclear. This retrospective study examined the risk of postoperative infection at the site of surgery in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs (including biologic agents) undergoing different types of orthopedic surgery.

Methods

The study included 50,359 cases of orthopedic surgery performed in our hospital between 2000 and 2008. The primary outcome was operation‐related infection. IRD patients were compared with those with degenerative or posttraumatic disorders, and in IRD patients, the effect of immunosuppressive medication, specifically tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) inhibitors and their preoperative management, was examined.

Results

There were 373 operation‐related infections (0.8%) of 47,887 cases in the degenerative/posttraumatic group and 49 (2.0%) of 2,472 in the IRD group (higher infection rate in the IRD group; odds ratio [OR] 2.58 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.91–3.48], P < 0.001). In the IRD group, elbow and foot surgery had the highest infection rates. The risk of infection was significantly increased in patients taking multiple conventional disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs; OR 2.49 [95% CI 1.06–5.84], P = 0.036) or TNFα inhibitors (OR 2.54 [95% CI 1.08–5.97], P = 0.032). The risk was especially high (6 [12%] of 49) if the last dose of TNFα inhibitor was given <1 administration interval before surgery.

Conclusion

The risk of postoperative infection was elevated in patients with IRDs, especially those taking >1 conventional DMARD or TNFα inhibitors. It may be advisable to consider stopping TNFα inhibitors ≥1 administration interval before surgery, since the risk of postoperative infection appears to be higher if the operation occurs within this period.
Clinical implications of U2AF1 mutation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and its stability during disease progression
Authors: Wu Shang-Ju , Tang Jih-Luh , Lin Chien-Ting , Kuo Yuan-Yeh , Li Li-Yu , Tseng Mei-Hsuan , Huang Chi-Fei , Lai Yen-Jun , Lee Fen-Yu , Liu Ming-Chih , Liu Chia-Wen , Hou Hsin-An , Chen Chien-Yuan , Chou Wen-Chien , Yao Ming , Huang Shang-Yi , Ko Bor-Sheng , Tsay Woei , Tien Hwei-Fang
Published: July 2013

We aimed to analyze clinical impacts of the U2AF1 mutation on patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and its stability during disease progression. We checked mutation status of the U2AF1 by direct sequencing in 478 de novo MDS patients and correlated with the clinical characteristics and outcomes. We also sequentially analyzed the U2AF1 mutation in 421 samples from 142 patients to determine its stability during the disease courses. Thirty‐six patients (7.5%) were found to have U2AF1 mutations, which occurred more frequently in younger patients (P = 0.033). U2AF1 mutation was an independent poor‐risk factor for overall survival (OS) in all patients (P = 0.030) and younger patients (P = 0.041). U2AF1 mutation could also predict shorter time‐to‐leukemia transformation (TTL) in younger patients (P = 0.020). In addition, U2AF1 mutation was associated with shorter TTL in lower‐risk MDS patients. Sequential analyses showed all original U2AF1 mutations in U2AF1‐mutated patients were retained during follow‐ups unless complete remission was achieved, whereas none of the U2AF1‐wild patients acquired a novel mutation during disease evolution. U2AF1 mutation is more prevalent in younger MDS patients and associated with inferior outcomes although it is stable during the clinical course. The mutation may be used as a biomarker for risk stratification. Am. J. Heamtol. 88:E277–E282, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tissue iron evaluation in chronically transfused children shows significant levels of iron loading at a very young age
Authors: Berdoukas Vasilios , Nord Anne , Carson Susan , Puliyel Mammen , Hofstra Thomas , Wood John , Coates Thomas D.
Published: July 2013

Chronic blood transfusions start at a very young age in subjects with transfusion‐dependent anemias, the majority of whom have hereditary anemias. To understand how rapidly iron overload develops, we retrospectively reviewed 308 MRIs for evaluation of liver, pancreatic, or cardiac iron in 125 subjects less than 10 years old. Median age at first MRI evaluation was 6.0 years. Median liver iron concentrations in patients less than 3.5 years old were 14 and 13 mg/g dry weight in thalassemia major (TM) and Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA) patients, respectively. At time of first MRI, pancreatic iron was markedly elevated (> 100 Hz) in DBA patients, and cardiac iron (
>50 Hz) was present in 5/112 subjects (4.5%), including a 2.5 years old subject with DBA. Five of 14 patients (38%) with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) developed excess cardiac iron before their 10th birthday. Thus, clinically significant hepatic and cardiac iron accumulation occurs at an early age in patients on chronic transfusions, particularly in those with ineffective or absent erythropoiesis, such as DBA, CDA, and TM, who are at higher risk for iron cardiomyopathy. Performing MRI for iron evaluation in the liver, heart, and pancreas as early as feasible, particularly in those conditions in which there is suppressed bone marrow activity is very important in the management of iron loaded children in order to prescribe appropriate chelation to prevent long‐term sequelae. Am. J. Heamtol. 88:E283–E285, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genome wide SNP array identified multiple mechanisms of genetic changes in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Authors: Poulain Stéphanie , Roumier Christophe , Galiègue‐Zouitina Sylvie , Daudignon Agnès , Herbaux Charles , Aiijou Rachid , Lainelle Amélie , Broucqsault Natacha , Bertrand Elisabeth , Manier Salomon , Renneville Aline , Soenen Valérie , Tricot Sabine , Roche‐Lestienne Catherine , Duthilleul Patrick , Preudhomme Claude , Quesnel Bruno , Morel Pierre , Leleu Xavier
Published: July 2013

SNP array (SNPa) was developed to detect copy number alteration (CNA) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) without copy number changes, CN‐LOH. We aimed to identify novel genomic aberrations using SNPa in 31 WM with paired samples. Methylation status and mutation were analyzed on target genes. A total of 61 genetic aberrations were observed, 58 CNA (33 gains, 25 losses) in 58% of patients and CN‐LOH in 6% of patients. The CNA were widely distributed throughout the genome, including 12 recurrent regions and identified new cryptic clonal chromosomal lesions that were mapped. Gene set expression analysis demonstrated a relationship between either deletion 6q or gain of chromosome 4 and alteration of gene expression profiling. We then studied methylation status and sought for mutations in altered regions on target genes. We observed methylation of DLEU7 on chromosome 13 in all patients (n = 12) with WM, and mutations of CD79B/CD79A genes (17q region), a key component of the BCR pathway, in 15% of cases. Most importantly, higher frequency of ≥3 CNA was observed in symptomatic WM. In conclusion, this study expands the view of the genomic complexity of WM, especially in symptomatic WM, including a potentially new mechanism of gene dysfunction, acquired uniparental disomy/CN‐LOH. Finally, we have identified new potential target genes in WM, such as DLEU7 and CD79A/B. Am. J. Heamtol. 88:948–954, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rhodium/bisphosphite catalytic system for hydroformylation of styrene and its derivatives
Authors: Zheng Cong‐ye , Mo Min , Liang Hao‐ran , Zheng Xue‐li , Fu Hai‐yan , Yuan Mao‐lin , Li Rui‐xiang , Chen Hua
Published: July 2013

Different kinds of mono‐ and bidentate phosphite ligands were used in Rh‐catalyzed hydroformylation of styrene to illustrate the influence of steric and electronic properties of ligands on catalytic performance. High activity (99.9%) and good regioselectivity (85.4%) to the linear aldehyde were achieved under optimum conditions in the presence of Rh/bisphosphite complex (bisphosphite: 2,2′‐bis(dipyrrolylphosphinooxy)‐1,1′‐(±)‐binaphthyl). This system makes it possible to prepare functionalized terminal aldehydes from readily available styrene or its derivatives through hydroformylation with high linear selectivity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cp2ZrCl2‐catalyzed synthesis of 2‐substituted quinozolin‐4(3H)‐ones
Authors: Jadhav Jagannath , Khanapure Sharanabasappa , Salunkhe Rajashri , Rashinkar Gajanan
Published: July 2013

Zirconocene dichloride (Cp2ZrCl2) in the presence of DMF was found to be a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of structurally diverse 2‐substituted quinozolin‐4(3H)‐ones by reaction of anthranilimide with a wide range of aryl aldehydes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction in pure water catalyzed by ligandless palladium using polyethylene glycol derivatives as surfactant
Authors: Xiang Liu , Xiaohua Zhao , Ming Lu
Published: July 2013

The results of a ligandless Pd(OAc)2‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling experiment are presented. It was found that the use of polyethylene glycol phosphonium salts (PEG‐quat) as surfactant resulted in very rapid reactions of aryl halides with phenylboronic acids in pure water. Moreover, aryl chlorides such as 4‐nitrochlorobenezene reacted quantitatively with phenylboronic acid under optimized conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of a tung oil–rosin adduct via the diels–alder reaction: Its reaction mechanism and properties in an ultraviolet‐curable adhesive
Authors: Wu Jianbing , Zhang Tong , Ma Guozhang , Li Ping , Ling Lixia , Wang Baojun
Published: July 2013

A Diels–Alder adduct of rosin with tung oil was effectively prepared for use as a filler and adhesion promoter in UV‐curable adhesives. The characteristics of the adduct were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectra. The reaction mechanism was studied with gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, 1H‐NMR, and the density functional theoretical method. The FTIR and 1H‐NMR results showed that the Diels–Alder addition occurred between the rosin and tung oil. The still‐existing characteristic peaks of the conjugated diene in the adduct, as shown in the FTIR and UV–vis absorption spectra, indicated that the most favorable reaction between the rosin and tung oil was when the rosin was used as the conjugated diene and the tung oil was used as the dienophile. The molecular weights of the adduct with different molar ratios showed that the most possible addition molar ratio between the rosin and tung oil was 3:1. The favorable addition mechanism was further proved by a comparison of the relative energies of different isomers of the adduct with theoretical calculation, and the most stable structure of adduct showed that the addition position of tung oil was the terminal CC double bond. The properties analysis indicated that the adduct could improve the adhesion of UV‐curable adhesives and reduce the curing shrinkage rate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4201–4208, 2013
Transparent poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐butyl acrylate) nanofibers
Authors: Avcı Merih Zeynep , Sarac A. Sezai
Published: July 2013

Nanofibers of n‐Butyl Acrylate/Methyl Methacrylate copolymer [P(BA‐co‐MMA)] were produced by electrospinning in this study. P(BA‐co‐MMA) was synthesized by emulsion polymerization. The structural and thermal properties of copolymers and electrospun P(BA‐co‐MMA) nanofibers were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–Attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR), Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (NMR), and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). FTIR–ATR spectra and NMR spectrum revealed that BA and MMA had effectively participated in polymerization. The morphology of the resulting nanofibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, indicating that the diameters of P(BA‐co‐MMA) nanofibers were strongly dependent on the polymer solution dielectric constant, and concentration of solution and flow rate. Homogeneous electrospun P(BA‐co‐MMA) fibers as small as 390 ± 30 nm were successfully produced. The dielectric properties of polymer solution strongly affected the diameter and morphology of electrospun polymer fibers. The bending instability of the electrospinning jet increased with higher dielectric constant. The charges inside the polymer jet tended to repel each other so as to stretch and reduce the diameter of the polymer fibers by the presence of high dielectric environment of the solvent. The extent to which the choice of solvent affects the nanofiber characteristics were well illustrated in the electrospinning of [P(BA‐co‐MMA)] from solvents and mixed solvents. Nanofiber mats showed relatively high hydrophobicity with intrinsic water contact angle up to 120°. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4264–4272, 2013
Hydroxyl‐phosphazene‐wrapped carbon nanotubes and its application in ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer
Authors: Zhang Tao , Du Zhongjie , Zou Wei , Li Hangquan , Zhang Chen
Published: July 2013

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are covalently grafted with hydroxyl modified phosphazene, which constitutes a novel flame retardant structure, and introduced into ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer via melt blending. The structure and morphology of the phosphazene‐wrapped MWNTs are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The grafted phosphazene introduces phosphorus‐ and nitrogen‐containing species onto the surface of MWNTs and thus improves thermal stability of EVA resin and the dispersion of MWNTs in EVA matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimeter analysis reveal that phosphazene and MWNTs produce a synergistic effect on the enhancement of the thermal stability and flame retardancy of EVA. Furthermore, SEM observation indicates that phosphazene accelerates the formation of char residue on the surface of MWNTs. The char residue fills the space in the network structure of MWNTs and glues the MWNTs together. The dense char/MWNTs layers constitute a heat and mass block and therefore a better flame retardancy is observed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4245–4254, 2013
Methodology for development of new active barrier PET copolymers
Authors: Mahajan Kamal , Lofgren Elizabeth A. , Jabarin Saleh A.
Published: July 2013

Active barrier developments for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) are among important approaches being used to achieve improvements in the polyester's barrier properties. This work utilized two active barrier materials and their PET copolymers, synthesized by melt polymerization of terephthalic acid (TPA) with ethylene glycol (EG) and active oxygen scavengers: monoolein (MO) or 3‐cyclohexene‐1,1‐dimethanol (CHEDM), in separate compositions. The oxidizable monomers and their copolymers were characterized with respect to changes resulting from their reactions with oxygen. Evaluations of their infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra established that the monomers as well as their PET copolymers underwent first order reactions and had rate constants ranging from 0.03 to 0.08 day−1. The only volatile oxidation product of MO was acetaldehyde and no volatile products resulted from oxidation of CHEDM. In comparison to unmodified PET, the PET/MO and PET/CHEDM copolymers achieved respective oxygen barrier property improvements of about 30 and 40%. Results from this study have shown that the oxidation kinetics of pure monomers of this type may be used for evaluation of their effectiveness and suitability as active barrier materials, without the need to synthesize their corresponding PET copolymers. This is significant and work is continuing to include other moieties that will interact with higher levels of oxygen and react at faster rates. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4273–4283, 2013
Attitudes of Australian chiropractic students toward whole body donation: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Alexander Michelle , Marten Mathew , Stewart Ella , Serafin Stanley , Štrkalj Goran
Published: July 2013

Cadavers play an important role in anatomy education. In Australia, bodies for anatomy education are acquired only through donations. To gain insight into educational dynamics in an anatomy laboratory as well as to facilitate body donation programs and thanksgiving ceremonies, it is important to understand students' attitudes toward body donation. In this cross‐sectional study, the attitudes of Macquarie University's first, second, and fifth year chiropractic students toward body donation were investigated. Macquarie University chiropractic students have a four semester long anatomy program, which includes cadaver‐based instruction on prosected specimens. A questionnaire was used to record respondents' demographics and attitudes toward body donation: personal, by a relative, and by a stranger. It was found that ethnicity and religion affect attitudes toward body donation, with Australian students being more willing to donate a stranger's body and atheists and agnostics being more willing to donate in general. Furthermore, willingness to donate one's own or a family member's body decreases as year of study increases, suggesting a possible negative impact of exposure to cadavers in the anatomy laboratory. This was only true, however, after controlling for age. Thus, the impact of viewing and handling prosected specimens, which is the norm in anatomy classes in Australia, may not be as strong as dissecting cadavers. It is suggested that anatomists and educators prepare students for cadaver‐based instruction as well as exhibit sensitivity to cultural differences in how students approach working with cadavers, when informing different communities about body donation programs and in devising thanksgiving ceremonies. Anat Sci Educ 7: 117–123. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.
Construction of a controllable β‐carotene biosynthetic pathway by decentralized assembly strategy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Xie Wenping , Liu Min , Lv Xiaomei , Lu Wenqiang , Gu Jiali , Yu Hongwei
Published: July 2013

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important platform organism for the synthesis of a great number of natural products. However, the assembly of controllable and genetically stable heterogeneous biosynthetic pathways in S. cerevisiae still remains a significant challenge. Here, we present a strategy for reconstructing controllable multi‐gene pathways by employing the GAL regulatory system. A set of marker recyclable integrative plasmids (pMRI) was designed for decentralized assembly of pathways. As proof‐of‐principle, a controllable β‐carotene biosynthesis pathway (∼16 kb) was reconstructed and optimized by repeatedly using GAL10–GAL1 bidirectional promoters with high efficiency (80–100%). By controling the switch time of the pathway, production of 11 mg/g DCW of total carotenoids (72.57 mg/L) and 7.41 mg/g DCW of β‐carotene was achieved in shake‐flask culture. In addition, the engineered yeast strain exhibited high genetic stability after 20 generations of subculture. The results demonstrated a controllable and genetically stable biosynthetic pathway capable of increasing the yield of target products. Furthermore, the strategy presented in this study could be extended to construct other pathways in S. cerevisisae. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 125–133. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbon Nanofiber Supported Transition‐Metal Carbide Catalysts for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol
Authors: Jongerius Anna L. , Gosselink Robert W. , Dijkstra Jelmer , Bitter Johannes H. , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: July 2013

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) studies over carbon nanofiber‐supported (CNF) W2C and Mo2C catalysts were performed on guaiacol, a prototypical substrate to evaluate the potential of a catalyst for valorization of depolymerized lignin streams. Typical reactions were executed at 55 bar hydrogen pressure over a temperature range of 300–375 °C for 4 h in dodecane, using a batch autoclave system. Combined selectivities of up to 87 and 69 % to phenol and methylated phenolics were obtained at 375 °C for W2C/CNF and Mo2C/CNF at >99 % conversion, respectively. The molybdenum carbide‐based catalyst showed a higher activity than W2C/CNF and yielded more completely deoxygenated aromatic products, such as benzene and toluene. Catalyst recycling experiments, performed with and without regeneration of the carbide phase, showed that the Mo2C/CNF catalyst was stable during reusability experiments. The most promising results were obtained with the Mo2C/CNF catalyst, as it showed a much higher activity and higher selectivity to phenolics compared to W2C/CNF.
Silicon‐Based Material with Spiro‐Annulated Fluorene/Triphenylamine as Host and Exciton‐Blocking Layer for Blue Electrophosphorescent Devices
Authors: Chen Hua , Jiang Zuo‐Quan , Gao Chun‐Hong , Xu Mei‐Feng , Dong Shou‐Cheng , Cui Lin‐Song , Ji Shun‐Jun , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: July 2013

A novel silicon‐based compound, 10‐phenyl‐2′‐(triphenylsilyl)‐10H‐spiro[acridine‐9,9′‐fluorene] (SSTF), with spiro structure has been designed, synthesized, and characterized. Its thermal, electronic absorption, and photoluminescence properties were studied. Its energy levels make it suitable as a host material or exciton‐blocking material in blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). Accordingly, blue‐emitting devices with iridium(III) bis[(4,6‐difluorophenyl)‐pyridinato‐N,C2′]picolinate (FIrpic) as phosphorescent dopant have been fabricated and show high efficiency with low roll‐off. In particular, 44.0 cd A−1 (41.3 lm W−1) at 100 cd m−2 and 41.9 cd A−1 (32.9 lm W−1) at 1000 cd m−2 were achieved when SSTF was used as host material; 28.1 lm W−1 at 100 cd m−2 and 20.6 lm W−1 at 1000 cd m−2 were achieved when SSTF was used as exciton‐blocking layer. All of the results are superior to those of the reference devices and show the potential applicability and versatility of SSTF in blue PhOLEDs.
Light Activation for the Versatile and Accurate Kinetic Analysis of Disassembly of Self‐Immolative Spacers
Authors: Alouane Ahmed , Labruère Raphaël , Le Saux Thomas , Aujard Isabelle , Dubruille Sylvie , Schmidt Frédéric , Jullien Ludovic
Published: July 2013

Three procedures that rely on photoactivation are introduced to accurately analyze the disassembly kinetics of a collection of self‐immolative spacer groups within the window 10−2–103 s. Our results are relevant for deriving quantitative structure–property relationships. In particular, we have been able to access 20 ms temporal resolution, which made possible the measurement of the shortest ever reported disassembly time for an activated self‐immolative spacer.
Development of a Virtual Spectrometer for Chiroptical Spectroscopies: The Case of Nicotine
Authors: Egidi Franco , Bloino Julien , Cappelli Chiara , Barone Vincenzo
Published: July 2013

The impressive advances of computational spectroscopy in most recent years are providing robust and user‐friendly multifrequency virtual spectrometers, which can also be used by nonspecialists to complement experimental studies. At the heart of these developments there are latest‐generation models based on Density Functional Theory for the proper treatment of stereo‐electronic effects, coupled to the polarizable continuum model to deal with bulk solvent effects, and low‐order perturbative treatments of anharmonic effects. Continuing our efforts to increase the range of application of virtual spectrometers, we report here about chiroptical spectroscopies with special reference to optical rotation and vibrational circular dichroism. The capabilities and possible limitations of our latest tool will be analyzed for the specific case of (S)‐nicotine in vacuo and in different solvents. Chirality 25:701–708, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The myosin start‐of‐power stroke state and how actin binding drives the power stroke
Authors: Preller Matthias , Holmes Kenneth C.
Published: July 2013

We propose that on binding to actin at the start of the power stroke the myosin cross‐bridge takes on the rigor configuration at the actin interface. Starting from the prepower stroke state, this can be achieved by a small movement (16° rotation) of the lower 50K domain without twisting the central β‐sheet or opening switch‐1 or switch‐2. The movement of the lower 50K domain puts a strain on the W‐helix. This strain tries to twist the β‐sheet, which could drive the power stroke. This would provide a coupling between actin binding and the execution of the power stroke. During the power stroke the β‐sheet twists, moving the P‐loop away from switch‐2, which opens the nucleotide binding pocket and separates ADP from Pi. The power stroke is different from the recovery stroke because the upper and lower 50K domains are tethered in the rigor configuration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cholinergic circuitry of the human nucleus basalis and its fate in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mesulam M.‐Marsel
Published: July 2013

The nucleus basalis is located at the confluence of the limbic and reticular activating systems. It receives dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra, serotonergic input from the raphe nuclei, and noradrenergic input from the nucleus locus coeruleus. Its cholinergic contingent, known as Ch4, provides the principal source of acetylcholine for the cerebral cortex and amygdala. More than half of presynaptic varicosities along its cholinergic axons make traditional synaptic contacts with cortical neurons. Limbic and paralimbic cortices of the brain receive the heaviest cholinergic input from Ch4 and are also the principal sources of reciprocal cortical projections back to the nucleus basalis. This limbic affiliation explains the role of the nucleus basalis in modulating the impact and memorability of incoming sensory information. The anatomical continuity of the nucleus basalis with other basomedial limbic structures may underlie its early and high vulnerability to the tauopathy and neurofibrillary degeneration of Alzheimer's disease. The tauopathy in Ch4 eventually leads to the degeneration of the cholinergic axons that it sends to the cerebral cortex. The early involvement of Ch4 has a magnifying effect on Alzheimer's pathology, because neurofibrillary degeneration in a small number of neurons can perturb neurotransmission in all cortical areas. Although the exact contribution of the Ch4 lesion to the cognitive changes of Alzheimer's disease remains poorly understood, the cholinergic circuitry of the nucleus basalis is emerging as one of the most strategically positioned and behaviorally consequential modulatory systems of the human cerebral cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:4124–4144, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of secretagogin‐immunoreactive amacrine cells in marmoset retina
Authors: Weltzien Felix , Dimarco Stefano , Protti Dario A. , Daraio Teresa , Martin Paul R. , Grünert Ulrike
Published: July 2013

The retina contains at least 30 different types of amacrine cells but not many are well characterized. In the present study the calcium‐binding protein secretagogin was localized in a population of regular and displaced amacrine cells in the retina of the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus. Irrespective of their soma location, the dendrites of secretagogin amacrine cells occupy strata 2, 3, and 4 of the inner plexiform layer, between the two bands formed by cholinergic amacrine cells. Segretagogin amacrine cells are also immunopositive to antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase, suggesting that they use γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) as their neurotransmitter. The spatial density of secretagogin amacrine cells decreases from a peak of about 400 cells/mm2 near 1 mm eccentricity to less than 100 cells/mm2 in peripheral retina; these densities account for about 1% of amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer and for up to 27% of displaced amacrine cells. The cell bodies form a regular mosaic, suggesting that they constitute a single amacrine cell population. Secretagogin cells have varicose dendrites, which are decorated with small spines. Intracellular injection of DiI into secretagogin cells revealed an average dendritic field diameter of 170 μm and an average coverage factor of 3.2. In summary, secretagogin cells in marmoset retina are medium‐field amacrine cells that share their stratification pattern with narrow‐field amacrine cells and their neurotransmitter with wide‐field amacrine cells. They may mediate spatial inhibition spanning the centralmost (on and off) bands of the inner plexiform layer. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:435–455, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regional innervation of the heart in the goldfish, Carassius auratus: A confocal microscopy study
Authors: Newton Cecilia M. , Stoyek Matthew R. , Croll Roger P. , Smith Frank M.
Published: July 2013

The intracardiac nervous system represents the final common pathway for autonomic control of the vertebrate heart in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. In teleost fishes, details of the organization of this system are not well understood. Here we investigated innervation patterns in the heart of the goldfish, a species representative of a large group of cyprinids. We used antibodies against the neuronal markers zn‐12, acetylated tubulin, and human neuronal protein C/D, as well as choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase, nitric oxide synthetase, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) to detect neural elements and their transmitter contents in wholemounts and sections of cardiac tissue. All chambers of the heart were innervated by choline acetyltransferase‐positive axons, implying cholinergic regulation; and by tyrosine hydroxylase‐containing axons, implying adrenergic regulation. The mean total number of intracardiac neurons was 713 ± 78 (SE), nearly half of which were cholinergic. Neuronal somata were mainly located in a ganglionated plexus around the sinoatrial valves. Somata were contacted by cholinergic, adrenergic, nitrergic, and VIP‐positive terminals. Putative pacemaker cells, identified by immunoreactivity for hyperpolarization activated, cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel 4, were located in the base of the sinoatrial valves, and this region was densely innervated by cholinergic and adrenergic terminals. We have shown that the goldfish heart possesses the necessary neuroanatomical substrate for fine, region‐by‐region autonomic control of the myocardial effectors that are involved in determining cardiac output. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:456–478, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Light‐Induced Expandable Photoresponsive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Triggered Release
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wang Peng , Tang XinJing
Published: July 2013

High stability of drug‐delivery nanocarriers during blood circulation is critical for effective drug delivery and low systematic toxicity, although destabilization of these nanocarriers is required for efficient release when they reach target sites. To develop efficient polymeric nanocarriers, we intended to synthesize and characterize a group of cross‐linked, light‐induced, expandable, polymeric nanoparticles through miniemulsion polymerization. These synthesized nanoparticles were stable in aqueous solutions, although light irradiation led to particle uncaging and further particle expansion up to 315‐fold in volume. This resulted in the efficient release of the encapsulated contents in aqueous solutions and three cell lines (HeLa, RAW264.7, and MCF‐7). Selective triggered release was also successfully achieved with spatial resolution in cell monolayers. In addition, curcumin encapsulation and photoregulation of its release were realized. Further cell viability of encapsulated curcumin was successfully achieved with light activation.
Framework for distributed autonomic self‐healing in fixed IPv6 networks
Authors: Tcholtchev Nikolay , Schieferdecker Ina
Published: July 2013

A main requirement for the Future Internet is to enable self‐management behaviors facilitating the network to adapt to changing conditions and self‐heal in the face of erroneous states. On the basis of Autonomic Fault‐Management principles, this paper proposes a framework consisting of a set of components operating inside the network elements and allowing the devices to collaboratively realize self‐healing. In that context, Autonomic Fault‐Management is intuitively constituted by the detection of the presence of faulty conditions, followed in turn by the self‐diagnosis and identification of the corresponding root causes, and completed consequently by the removal of the identified root causes and their effects. The proposed framework implements a distributed control loop that interacts with the network operations personnel in case the current erroneous state is not resolvable by means of Autonomic Fault‐Management. We argue that there are a number of mutual benefits between our proposed framework and the IPv6 protocol suite. This is demonstrated by a case study that illustrates these benefits and shows how the capabilities of IPv6 can be enhanced through the self‐healing mechanisms of the proposed framework. Finally, the prototype implementation used for the case study is analyzed in terms of scalability and overhead produced in the network nodes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, on glucose parameters, the activity of the advanced glycation end product (AGE) – receptor for AGE (RAGE) axis and albuminuria in Japanese type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sakata Koji , Hayakawa Manabu , Yano Yuichiro , Tamaki Noboru , Yokota Naoto , Eto Takuma , Watanabe Reiko , Hirayama Naoteru , Matsuo Takeshi , Kuroki Kazuo , Sagara Seiji , Mishima Osamu , Koga Masahiro , Nagata Naoto , Nishino Yuri , Kitamura Kazuo , Kario Kazuomi , Takeuchi Masayoshi , Yamagishi Sho‐ichi
Published: July 2013

Background

To examine the effects of alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, on glucose parameters, the advanced glycation end product (AGE)‐receptor for AGE (RAGE) axis and albuminuria in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods

Sixty‐one patients whose HbAlc ≥ 6.1% (mean age 64.7 years; 67% men; mean HbAlc 7.4%; 57% were pharmacologically treated) underwent blood and urine sampling and analysis before and after 12 weeks of treatment with alogliptin (25 mg once daily).

Results

Alogliptin treatment significantly reduced fasting glucose (160.3 mg/dL at baseline versus 138.0 mg/dL at 12 weeks), glycoalbumin (21.1% at baseline versus 18.9% at 12 weeks), HbAlc (7.4% at baseline versus 6.9% at 12 weeks), circulating soluble form of RAGE concentrations (847.3 pg/mL at baseline versus 791.4 pg/mL at 12 weeks) and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (31.6 mg/g Cr at baseline versus 26.5 mg/g Cr at 12 weeks), whereas 1,5‐anhydroglucitol concentrations were significantly increased (7.5 µg/mL at baseline versus 11.6 µg/mL at 12 weeks; all P < 0.05). Circulating AGEs concentrations were reduced only in patients with baseline AGEs ≥7 U/mL (n = 33, from 8.2 U/mL to 7.2U /mL; p < 0.01) after alogliptin treatment. The treatment‐induced change of soluble form of sRAGE concentrations was associated with changes of 1,5‐anhydroglucitol and HbAlc concentrations (rho = −0.32 and 0.29, respectively). Meanwhile, the treatment‐induced change of urine albumin to creatinine ratio was associated with a change in the fasting glucose concentration (rho = 0.25; all p < 0.05). During the intervention, alogliptin treatment was well tolerated without any hypoglycemia or side effects.

Conclusion

Alogliptin treatment improved the AGE–RAGE axis and reduced albuminuria in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RNA‐binding protein Vg1RBP regulates terminal arbor formation but not long‐range axon navigation in the developing visual system
Authors: Kalous Adrianna , Stake James I. , Yisraeli Joel K. , Holt Christine E.
Published: July 2013

Local synthesis of β‐actin is required for attractive turning responses to guidance cues of growth cones in vitro but its functional role in axon guidance in vivo is poorly understood. The transport and translation of β‐actin mRNA is regulated by the RNA‐binding protein, Vg1RBP (zipcode‐binding protein‐1). To examine whether Vg1RBP plays a role in axon navigation in vivo, we disrupted Vg1RBP function in embryonic Xenopus laevis retinal ganglion cells by expressing a dominant‐negative Vg1RBP and by antisense morpholino knockdown. We found that attractive turning to a netrin‐1 gradient in vitro was abolished in Vg1RBP‐deficient axons but, surprisingly, the long‐range navigation from the retina to the optic tectum was unaffected. Within the tectum, however, the branching and complexity of axon terminals were significantly reduced. High‐resolution time‐lapse imaging of axon terminals in vivo revealed that Vg1RBP‐GFP‐positive granules accumulate locally in the axon shaft immediately preceding the emergence a filopodial‐like protrusion. Comparative analysis of branch dynamics showed that Vg1RBP‐deficient axons extend far fewer filopodial‐like protrusions than control axons and indicate that Vg1RBP promotes filopodial formation, an essential step in branch initiation. Our findings show that Vg1RBP is required for terminal arborization but not long‐range axon navigation and suggest that Vg1RBP‐regulated mRNA translation promotes synaptic complexity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 303–318, 2014
Utilization of Surplus Electric Power of Photovoltaic Systems by Heat Pump Water Heaters: A Planning Method and Its Effect in an Autonomous Demand Area Power System
Authors: Hatta Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Hiromu
Published: July 2013

Large‐capacity photovoltaic (PV) systems will be installed in future power systems. According to Japan's energy outlook, the target capacity of PV systems for 2030 is about 50 GW. When large‐volume PV systems are installed in a power system, the reverse power flow from PV systems may cause a surplus of electric power. To utilize the surplus electric power without reduction of PV power generation, the operation of customer equipment such as heat pump water heaters (HPWH) according to PV power generation is expected to be one of the solutions. In this paper, a method of cooperative control of customer equipment with PV power generation is proposed, and the effectiveness of the proposed control is evaluated by simulation analyses.