bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of freediving on middle ear and eustachian tube function
Authors:   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany, Meyer Moritz F ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, Knezic Kristijana ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany, Jansen Stefanie ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany, Klünter Heinz D ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany, Pracht Eberhard D ,   German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany, Grosheva Maria ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany
Published: December 2020

(Meyer MF, Knezic K, Jansen S, Klünter HD, Pracht ED, Grosheva M. Effects of freediving on middle ear and eustachian tube function. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine. 2020 December 20;50(4):350–355. doi: 10.28920/dhm50.4.350-355. PMID: 33325015.) Introduction: During descent in freediving there is exposure to rapidly increasing pressure. Inability to quickly equalise middle ear pressure may cause trauma to the ear. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of pressure-related damage to the middle ear and the Eustachian tube during freediving and to identify possible risk factors. Methods: Sixteen free divers performed diving sessions in an indoor pool 20 metres’ freshwater (mfw) deep. During each session, each diver performed four own free dives and up to four safety dives. Naso- and oto-endoscopy and Eustachian tube function tests were performed on the right and left ears before diving, between each session and after the last session. The otoscopic findings were classified according to the Teed classification (0 = normal tympanic membrane to 4 = perforation). Additionally, ENT-related complaints were assessed using a questionnaire. Results: Participants performed 317 dives (on average 20 dives per diver, six per session). The average depth was 13.3 mfw. Pressure-related changes (Teed 1 and 2) were detected in 48 % of ears. Teed level increased significantly with an increasing number of completed sessions (P < 0.0001). Higher pressure-related damage (Teed 2) occurred in less experienced divers, was associated with significantly lower peak pressures in the middle ear and led to more ear-related symptoms. A preference for the Frenzel technique for middle ear pressure equalisation during freediving was shown. Conclusions: Pressure exposure during freediving had a cumulative effect on the middle ear. Factors such as diving depth, diving experience and number of diving sessions correlated with the occurrence of higher Teed levels.
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of central retinal vein occlusion with cilioretinal artery occlusion secondary to hormonal treatment: Case report and review
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunisia, Khallouli Asma , Khelifi Khaled ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunisia, Saidane Rahma ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunisia, Choura Racem ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunisia, Maalej Afef ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunisia, Ben Sassi Raja ,   Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunisia
Published: December 2020

(Khallouli A, Khelifi K, Saidane R, Choura R, Maalej A, Ben Sassi R. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of central retinal vein occlusion with cilioretinal artery occlusion secondary to hormonal treatment: Case report and review. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine. 2020 December 20;50(4):431–436. doi: 10.28920/dhm50.4.431-436. PMID: 33325028.) Introduction: This report describes a case of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and cilioretinal artery occlusion (CLRAO) after hormonal treatment for induction of ovulation that was successfully treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Case report: A 48 year-old woman was admitted to our department for sudden blurred vision in her left eye. The patient had a history of 3-months hormonal treatment for induction of ovulation. The best corrected visual acuity was 7/10 (20/32) in the left eye and 10/10 (20/20) in the right eye. Fundus examination of the left eye revealed flame-shaped haemorrhages, whitening of the retina along the distribution of cilioretinal artery and tortuous retinal veins. Fluorescein angiography confirmed the combination of a non-ischaemic CRVO with CLRAO. The patient was treated with a 2 h session of hyperbaric oxygen at 253 kPa (2.5 atmospheres absolute) once daily for a total of 30 sessions. Best corrected visual acuity improved to 10/10 (20/20) in the left eye. Conclusions: CRVO and CLRAO are both occlusive disorders. HBOT is a safe low-cost treatment modality that can be beneficial in some ocular pathologies. It can maintain oxygenation of the retina through the choroidal blood supply, decrease oedema and preserve compromised tissue adjacent to the ischaemic area.
Guidelines and recommendations on minimum factors of safety for slope stability of tailings dams
Authors: Schnaid Fernando , Mello Luiz Guilherme , Dzialoszynski Bruno
Published: December 2020

Recent major upstream raised tailings dam failures have led to a reopening of the discussion of the validity of some of the existing routine practices within the profession. Despite its many shortcomings, deterministic slope stability limit equilibrium analysis is and will continue to be, at least for some time ahead, an important tool for tailings dams’ safety assessment. Within this context, this paper presents a contribution to the postulation of minimum factors of safety required for tailings dams’ slope stability analysis. A recent review and discussion of limit equilibrium analysis and the guidelines of international standards and current trends, with focus on tailings dams, are presented. Based on this review, and the authors’ academic and professional experience, minimum required factors of safety recommendations are proposed. The framework of the recommendations strives to conciliate, in a simple manner, the deterministic minimum required factors of safety with concepts of consequence, uncertainties, risk and characteristics of loose tailings behaviour as a material.
Evaluating the Potential for Improved and Sustainable Adoption of Conservation Agriculture in Northern Namibia
Authors:   1Senior Lecturer Namibian University of Science and Technology, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, Tel. +264810425716 2Lecturer Namibia University of Science and Technology, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, Tel. +264813902376
Published: December 2020

The study evaluated the potential for improved and sustainable adoption of conservation agriculture in five regions in Namibia namely, Omusati, Kunene, Oshikoto, Ohangwena, and Oshana. Conventional system of farming involves, monoculture and deep soil tillage with ox-drawn ploughs with limited mechanisation. These practices are unproductive and unsustainable given increased uncertainty due to climate change.Therefore, conservation agriculture was introduced in the regions through the Food and Agricultural Organisation’s (FAO) assisted programme. The aim of the programme was to lower vulnerability by increasing the resilience of the smallholder farmers in the selected regions to adapt to climate change risks through the implementation of Conservation Agriculture (CA) and other complementary Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs). The hypothesis is that increased CA knowledge would enhance improved outcomes. An empirical estimation of the relationship between the farmers learned CA skills, and the level of CA outcome was carried out using econometrics method. One hundred and forty-four farmers were sampled from the selected regions. The result indicates that additional CA knowledge may result in farmers’ improving their General Agricultural Practices. In order words, farmers are more likely to improve weeding than not, the area planted is more likely to increase than decrease and fertilizer application is more likely to increase significantly than not. There is an increase in the ordered log-odds of moving from a lower to a higher outcome level. For instance, a one-unit increase in the farmers’ CA knowledge will result in 0.05 unit increase in ordered log-odds of being in the higher category for the ‘area planted’ outcome variable while the other variables in the model are held constant. The same relationship applies to other outcome variables for farmers’ improved knowledge. In addition, the sustainability of the CA project was investigated. Using a probit probability choice model, it was found that CA adoption will increase in the future in these regions. The result shows that farmers are willing to adopt CA and continue practising it on the condition that benefits such as increased yield, training and household consumption are guaranteed. This is because, increased yield, training and household consumption increased the probability that farmers will continue CA adoption.
V. GROSSMAN'S NOVEL "LIFE AND FATE" REVIEWED BY CONSERVATIVE SOVIET CRITICS IN THE 1980S
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Bit-Yunan Yury G.
Published: December 2020

This work focuses on the specific features of the reception of V. Grossman’s novel “Life and Fate” in conservative Soviet press of the late 1980s. It is noted that most of the reviews appeared in two conservative journals: “Nash sovremennik” (“Our Contemporary”) and “Molodaya gvardiya” (“The Young Guard”). All the articles contained copious critical remarks which, in their turn, were all caused by the ethnic problems highlighted in the novel. The author’s attitude to those issues was usually qualified by the critics as being Russophobic and once the accusation was made, the plot of the novel would be neglected, which testifies to the fact of all the reviewers being biased.
NINETY FIRST IN NINETY THIRD. THE TWO YEARS ANNIVERSARY OF THE EVENTS OF AUGUST 1991 IN THE PRESS DURING THE 1993 CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS: BASED ON MATERIALS FROM PRAVDA, IZVESTIA, NEZAVISIMAYA GAZETA
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Gotovtseva Anastasiya G. ,   Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INION RAN), Skokova Tatyana V.
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the featuring the anniversary of the 1991 Soviet coup d’état attempt on the pages of newspapers in 1993. The events of August 1991 did not disappear from the current field and were used both for the propaganda and for comprehending the past and forecasts for the future. The fact that a few months before the memorable date the trial of those arrested in the SCSE case began served to refresh the events in the public perception, and just a couple of weeks before that, an abridged version of the indictment was published in public sources.
THE CRITICISM OF JAMES MATTHEW BARRIE'S PLAY "THE BOY WHO WOULD NOT GROW UP" IN BRITISH PERIODICALS IN 1904
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Alekseeva Darina S.
Published: December 2020

The article is about the criticism of play “The Boy Who Would Not Grow Up” by J.M. Barrie in British periodicals in 1904. It contents the first publication of reviews on the opening night of “The Boy Who Would Not Grow Up”. It describes the problematics of the play, its origin and raises a question of public assessment of the works by J.M. Barrie.
DATA JOURNALISM AS A DRIVER OF THE MEDIA DEVELOPMENT AND JOURNALISTIC EDUCATION
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Makarova Natalia Ya.
Published: December 2020

Data journalism has become a stable trend in the development of the global media system. The article is devoted to the key competencies that a data journalist should possess. Examples of the foreign and Russian publications prepared on the basis of data analysis are considered. Special attention is paid to the training of data journalists. The system of journalistic education is not ready to fully meet the challenges of the media market: we can safely say that there are very few educational programs on data journalism in Russia.
GAME IN AN INTERVIEW. FORMS OF INTERACTIVE TRAINING FOR THE INTERVIEW TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Burtseva Natalia L.
Published: December 2020

Interview is the basis of a journalist’s work. Without an interview, it is impossible to get information, get an opinion and get an idea of the event. The article is devoted to the role and effectiveness of interactive forms in the development of any genre of journalism, including interviews. It describes an algorithm for conducting the training “Game in an interview”. Examples of approach to interviews with various heroes are given. Special attention is paid to the attitude of the journalist to the interviewee. Young ambitious journalists are often not ready to give up their opinion and personal attitude towards the hero, which obviously puts them in the position of non-professionals. For a real look at the situation, the training “Game in an interview” is conducted. After such a lesson – the level of interviewers increases.
"WHAT FREE VERSE IS NOT FREE FROM". DISCUSSION ABOUT RUSSIAN FREE VERSE
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Egolnikova Kseniya A.
Published: December 2020

This article explores the role of the discussion “What free verse is not free from”, published in the “Voprosy literatury” magazine in 1972, and in the formation of a discourse about free verse at the stage of the formation and development of the poetic traditions of the Russophone free verse. Special attention is paid to studying the positions of poets the free verse practitioners in order to understand how the poets themselves determined the boundaries of free verse.
To the 75th anniversary of Professor G.P. Juvalyakov
Authors: Dzhuvalyakov Pavel , Zbrueva Julia , Vakulenko Irina , Efremova Daria , Fofanov Nikolay
Published: December 2020

The article provides information about the life and work of the outstanding scientist professor G.P. Dzhuvalyakova.
Walking Exercise as an alternative choice in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients: Systematic Review
Authors: Ningsih Arum Dwi
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Hypertension is a condition, where someone has a blood pressure systole ≥ 140mmHg and a blood pressure diastole ≥ 90nmmHg. Hypertension is a health condition that affects 26% of people worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) in the "Global NCD Target Reduce Hight Blood Pressure" explained that an increase in blood pressure caused 9.4 million deaths and a major risk factor for global death . Uncontrolled hypertension results in various kinds of complications, even death in a person. Therefore, complex management of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies is needed to improve various organs. Walking exercise is one of the non-pharmacological methods in controlling blood pressure. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of walking exercise on hypertension patients' blood pressure. Methods: Search for articles through a database: Pro quest, Scopus, Science Direct, and EBSCO. Published between 2010 -2020. The method used in the article search is PICOT frame work. Result: There were 13 journals that were analyzed. The review results from 13 journals show that walking exercise effective in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Conclusion: Walking exercise that is done routinely can reduce blood pressure systole and diastole in hyperetnsi patients. Walking exercise can be included as one of the independent nursing interventions through health education to control blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING
Authors: Lakshmi
Published: December 2020

With the increasing internet literacy, the prospect of online marketing is increasing. There are millions of people online any time and they all are a potential consumer in the online market. Since there are so many providers, the most important thing for organizations is to understand what are consumer wants and needs in this competitive business environment. Customer buying behaviors are influenced by different factors such as culture, social class, references group relation, family, salary level and salary independency, age, gender etc. and so they show different customer behaviors. These studies explain online shopping important and consumer buying behavior in online shopping.
A CRITIQUE OF ENERGY SECURITY MEASUREMENT
Authors: KOÇASLAN Gelengül
Published: December 2020

Although ensuring energy security is a key concern of the countries all over the world; measuring energy security remains a challenge. There are several indicators and indices to measure energy security. However energy security measurement is a complicated issue because of the difficulty and sometimes impossibility to measure its components. Because the components differ by regions, countries and also by periods. Besides each of the indicators and indices has its advantages and disadvantages. Despite the growing energy security research there is still not an accepted, single measurement method. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of energy security measurement referring to the indicators and indices used by international organizations and governments to make comparisons and to yield policies. It is aimed to call attention to existing vagueness as a barrier to get high-quality and reliable data.
Efecto de la corta de matarrasa en la diversidad de la regeneración arbórea en Durango, México
Authors: Guevara Fisher Yadira Yesenia , Cruz Cobos Francisco , Hernandez Francisco Javier , Nájera Luna Juan Abel , Cruz Garcia Francisco , Quiñonez Barraza Gerónimo
Published: December 2020

Con el propósito de incrementar la producción y productividad de los bosques en el estado de Durango, se realizaron cortas a matarrasa en rodales naturales de Pinus y Quercus que fueron sustituidos por plantaciones con dos especies de Pinus. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de las cortas de matarrasa con plantaciones inmediatas en la diversidad arbórea de la regeneración. El estudio se realizó en tres plantaciones comerciales dentro del ejido La Ciudad, Pueblo Nuevo, Durango; en cada una se establecieron 20 sitios de 150 m2 en donde se registró la especie y el diámetro a la base de cada brinzal. Para comparar la diversidad de las plantaciones con la de los rodales adyacentes, que representan la condición original, se ubicaron diez sitios de 0.1 ha en los que se identificó la especie y se midió el diámetro normal de cada árbol presente. Para evaluar la diversidad alfa y beta se utilizaron los índices de riqueza, abundancia proporcional de Shannon-Wiener, similitud de Jaccard y Sörensen, así como el valor de importancia ecológica. Los cambios significativos en la riqueza y diversidad, se compararon con un análisis de rarefacción; el cual mostró cambios significativos en la riqueza de especies en una de las tres plantaciones, mientras que la diversidad evidenció diferencias significativas en dos de ellas, con respecto a los rodales adyacentes. Las cortas de matarrasa con plantación inmediata mantienen la riqueza de especies, pero modifican la diversidad.
Contenido de carbono y estructura horizontal de un bosque templado en Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua
Authors: García García Samuel Alberto , Alanís Rodríguez Eduardo , Aguirre Calderón Oscar , Treviño Garza Eduardo , Graciano Ávila Gabriel
Published: December 2020

Es importante conocer la estructura y la cantidad de carbono almacenado en los ecosistemas forestales, ya que representan uno de los principales sumideros de dióxido de carbono (CO2) en los ecosistemas terrestres. Este estudio se llevó acabo en el ejido Chinatú, municipio Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua, donde se realizó un muestreo aleatorio de ocho sitios circulares de 1 000 m2 distribuidos en 80.46 ha de superficie. Se analizó la estructura horizontal con base en el Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) y clases diamétricas; además, se determinó el cociente de mezcla, la riqueza y diversidad de especies de acuerdo con los índices de Margalef (DMg) y de Shannon-Weiner (H´); el carbono almacenado en la biomasa aérea se estimó mediante ecuaciones alométricas, por medio del volumen para cada una de las especies. Se identificaron 10 taxones con una densidad de 460 individuos (N ha-1), la especie de mayor valor ecológico (IVI) fue Pseudotsuga menziesii con 26.14 %, la riqueza y diversidad obtenida fue de DMg = 1.47 y H’ = 1.96, respectivamente, la distribución diamétrica correspondió a una curva de Liocourt balanceada, y el contenido de carbono almacenado fue de 45.20 Mg C ha-1. Estos análisis muestran que el bosque es homogéneo, sin dominancia amplia de alguna especie en particular y está en buen estado de conservación, ya que en las categorías diamétricas menores hay abundante presencia de individuos pequeños que, posteriormente, sustituirán a la masa madura.
Potencial de restauración de bosques de coníferas en zonas de movimiento de germoplasma en México
Authors: Flores García Andrés , Romero-Sánchez Martín Enrique , Pérez-Miranda Ramiro , Moreno-Sánchez Francisco
Published: December 2020

La restauración de tierras forestales requiere datos relacionados con el número de plántulas producidas y el nivel de degradación del suelo. Los tomadores de decisiones necesitan saber cuáles son los esfuerzos del programa nacional de reforestación como impulsor de la restauración de ecosistemas en México. Para evaluar el potencial de restauración de los bosques de coníferas y reducir la degradación de tierra en Zonas de Movimiento de Germoplasma (ZMG), se compararon zonas prioritarias para la restauración con los esfuerzos de reforestación más efectivos: porcentaje de sobrevivencia de plántulas plantadas, número de viveros (N), unidades de producción de germoplasma (UPG) y bancos de germoplasma (BG); para ello, se usó la base de datos de la Conafor correspondiente al periodo de 2016 a 2018. Se determinó que 27 ZMG tenían tierras forestales como áreas prioritarias: 7 418 975.30 ha de baja producción y 9 389 577.70 ha de degradación media y baja. De acuerdo con las variables utilizadas en el análisis comparativo, se identificaron ocho ZMG (XII.4, XII.5, X.3, X.2, XII.1, V.3, XII.2 y XV.1) como zonas de mayor potencial para la restauración, debido a que sus áreas prioritarias podrían ser reforestadas totalmente con especies de Pinus y Abies.
Kırım Tereke Defterleri Üzerine Mülahazalar
Authors: GÜNEŞ YAĞCI Zübeyde
Published: December 2020

Şer’iyye sicilleri araştırmacılar için eşsiz kaynakların başında gelmektedir. Kadı sicilleri olarak da bilinen bu defterler sayesinde araştırmacılar toplumun yapısına ayna tutma imkânına sahip olmaktadırlar. Sicillerin beledi ve adli konuların yanı sıra merkezden gönderilen emirleri, fermanları içermesi kıymetini daha da artırmaktadır. Bu nedenle sicilleri kullanılarak yapılan çalışmalar uzun yıllardır sürdürülmekte, son yıllarda da ivme kazanmıştır. Kırım Şer’iyye Sicilleri de aynı değere sahiptir. Ancak Kırım Şer’iyye Sicilleri üzerine yapılan çalışmalar yeni sayılabilir. Çünkü sicillerin varlığından haberdar olunması 90’lı yıllara tekabül etmektedir. 1995 yılında Türkiye’ye getirilmesi ile çalışmalar başlamıştır. İlim âlemi böylece sicillerle tanışmıştır. Sicillerin muhtevası ve değeri üzerine başta Halil İnalcık olmak üzere Ahmet Nezihi Turan, Ahmet Cihan-Fehmi Yılmaz, Nuri Kavak makale kaleme almışlardır. Bunları yüksek lisans ve doktora tezleri izlemiştir. Bu araştırmalar sicillerin gerek konu gerekse diplomatik açıdan Osmanlı Devleti’nin bütünlüğü içerisinde yer aldığını göstermektedir.

Siciller içerisinde yer alan tereke defterleri de bu kapsam dâhilindedir. Ancak bazı tereke defterlerinde bazı farklılıklar olduğunu da tespit ettik. Bu defterlerin Osmanlı Devleti’nin diğer bölgelerinde yer alan defterlerle aynilikleri ve farklılıkları makalenin temel problematiğini oluşturmaktadır. Fakat özelde farklılıklar üzerinde daha fazla durulacaktır. Tabii olarak makalenin kaynağını Kırım Şer’iyye Sicilleri oluşturacaktır.
INFORMATION AS MOBILIZING FACTOR OF SOCIAL ACTIVITY OF PERSONALITY
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, Sanakuiev Mykola
Published: December 2020

The subject of the study is information as a mobilizing factor in social activity. Taking into account the subject of the research and the corresponding national peculiarities of this complex social phenomenon, structural and functional, historical-comparative, comparative-critical methods of research were used. In particular, the comparative-critical approach was used in the analysis of existing concepts and versions of mobilization in the philosophical and historical context. Structural-functional approach was used in the analysis of elements of social capital, as a system of social interaction. The historical-comparative approach was used in the format of the analysis of the genesis of the concept of informative communication, for tracking historically predetermined trends of development and changes in society, depending on the growth of the amount of information. The purpose of this article is to study the mobilization qualities of the phenomenon of information space in the life of modern Ukrainian society. The results of the research reveal the causal links of the functioning of the state information policy of modern Ukraine, as a stimulating factor for the development and mobilization of human capital. On the way to the information society in Ukraine, there are a number of obstacles that need to be taken into account when developing the state information policy. Among them, it should be noted: the lack of digital information resources, low electronic literacy of the population, the lack of public television and radio broadcasting sites, the confrontational tone of socially important topics, the existence of biased journalism and prohibited topics.
Zwanghafte Selbstverhältnisse
Authors: Lessenich Stephan
Published: December 2020

Moderne Gesellschaften sind Wachstumsgesellschaften. Wachstumsbedürftig wird die moderne Gesellschaft durch ihre strukturelle Doppelbindung sowohl an ökonomische Akkumulationswie auch an soziale Legitimationsimperative. Das Subjekt der Wachstumsgesellschaft konstituiert sich als Ensemble dieser ökonomisch-sozialen Verhältnisse. Wachsen oder nicht wachsen ist für es keine Frage, jedenfalls keine der persönlichen Wahl: Seine scheinbar individuellen Bedürfnisse sind durch und durch formationsspezifisch, eben wachstumsgesellschaftlich, strukturiert. In ihrer produktivistischen Kontrolle der menschlichen Triebstruktur wird die Wachstumsgesellschaft zur enthemmenden Triebkraft einer Ökonomie der Destruktion – in der auch diejenigen objektiv gefangen sind, die sich subjektiv in ihr aufgehoben fühlen. Einstweilen wirken die Systemzwänge der Wachstumsgesellschaft freilich (als) so unhintergehbar, dass an Alternativen im Wortsinne nicht zu denken ist. Doch je mehr die Wachstumssubjekte mit jenen dunklen Seiten der Wachstumslogik konfrontiert werden, die für sie selbst lange Zeit wenigstens im Halbdunkel des Nicht-Wissen-Müssens verborgen geblieben waren, desto mehr wird in ihnen die unbestimmte Ahnung genährt, dass es so, wie die Dinge laufen, vielleicht doch nicht auf ewig wird weitergehen können. Der gesellschaftshistorische Ort der Gegenwart könnte an eben diesem Punkt des Unbehagens zu suchen sein, an dem die Funktionsund Legitimationsfähigkeit der Wachstumsgesellschaft tendenziell problematisch zu werden beginnt.
Specificity of Realising Communicative Goal of Expert Examination under Traditional and New Communicative Conditions
Authors: Volynkina Svetlana Vadimovna
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to studying the speech genre of expert examination. The purpose of the work is to determine specificity of realising the communicative goal of the expert examination genre. Scientific novelty of the research lies in studying expert examination from the standpoint of the speech genres theory on the basis of using the method of factor analysis. The author has identified the basic characteristics of the genre, determined specificity and limits of communicative goal-setting of the expert examination genre, studied influence of communicative environments and spheres on realisation of expert examination illocution. As a result, the researcher has proved that communicative goal-setting of the expert examination genre is bidirectional: it is directed at conveying information and making an assessment; speech manifestation and correlation between the two objectives depend on pragmatic conditions of the genre realisation.
Distributive Numerals in the Forest Yukaghir Language
Authors: Prokopeva Praskovya Egorovna
Published: December 2020

The study aims to identify semantic and derivational features of distributive numerals in the Forest Yukaghir language. Scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that this class of numerals is considered for the first time, using material from the Forest Yukaghir language; their semantics, morphemic structure are determined, new vocabulary is introduced. As a result, it is shown that distributive numerals are derived from stems of quantitative verbs by the means of the suffix -ну-, indicating that the action is prolonged and usual, as well as that it continues at the moment of speaking. It should be noted that there is semantic and syntactic difference between distributive numerals and quantitative verbs with the suffix -ну- as such. Distributive numerals can produce non-finite and voice forms.
Boundedness/Unboundedness Category of the Yakut Polysemantic Verbs (by the Example of the Verb бар- “to Go, to Leave”)
Authors: Samsonova Ekaterina Maksimovna
Published: December 2020

The paper aims to identify and differentiate the meanings of boundedness/unboundedness in semantic structure of the Yakut polysemantic verb бар- (“to go, to leave”). Scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in the Yakut linguistics, the author suggests a classification of the verb meanings according to the degree of the boundedness feature manifestation in comparison with other lexico-semantic groups of verbs. The findings indicate that the dominant semantic meaning of the Yakut verb under study is the bound meaning “to leave” which emphasizes the initial phase of progressive motion. This semantics is preserved in 10 figurative meanings and 5 secondary meanings. The author shows that the unbound meaning “to go” is largely determined by the context, whereas the bound meaning is less contextually determined.
Evaluation as Essential Component of Phraseological Meaning (by the Material of the Kabardian-Circassian Phraseological Units)
Authors: Sherieva Nina Gumarovna
Published: December 2020

The study aims to identify shades of semantic meaning of phraseological units: how the Kabardians’ and the Circassians’ ethical and aesthetic views are reflected in the evaluative, axiological component of phraseological units meaning. The work is novel in that there has not been a comprehensive study of phraseological units of the Kabardian-Circassian language conducted from the standpoint of axiology. As a result, using the material of more than 50 phraseological units, the author has proved that the axiological (evaluative) component of semantics of the Kabardian-Circassian phraseological units, just like in other languages of the world, is socially motivated and matches the Kabardians’ and the Circassians’ cultural-ethnic and aesthetic views; such types of evaluation as negative with elements of disgust, aversion; negative with elements of the ridiculous; positive with elements of admiration, approval have been identified in semantics of phraseological units.
Specifics of Translating Onyms in “Topography of Orenburg” by P. I. Rychkov
Authors: Andreeva Elena Damirovna , Ruzanova Sofia Vadimovna
Published: December 2020

The study aims to identify the most optimal strategies of translating archaic onyms in P. I. Rychkov’s “Topography of Orenburg”. The article analyses their contextual content and difficulties of their translation into the modern English language from the position of preserving stylistic markedness and simultaneous accessibility to translation receivers. Scientific novelty lies in the research subject: P. I. Rychkov’s “Topography” is for the first time considered from the standpoint of linguistics and translation studies. As a result, it was found that typical methods of translating onyms cannot be always applied to translate archaic units, there has to be a unique complex strategy for each unit, which takes into account broad cultural context.
Frame Structure of Adverbial Phraseological Units in the English Language
Authors: Ivanova Elizaveta Vasilievna
Published: December 2020

The paper analyses the process of semantic meaning formation of adverbial phraseological units of the English language. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the mechanism of interaction of frames and their slots, correlated with the inner form and meaning of the units under study, is for the first time considered as a factor determining their semantic characteristics. The conducted analysis indicates diversity of conceptual-semantic relations within adverbial phraseological units and complexity of interactions of the appropriate frames and their slots, which allows concluding on specificity of knowledge conceptualization in these phraseological units.
Preserving Cultural Potential in Translation of the American Realia into Russian (by the Material of D. Tartt’s Novel “The Little Friend”)
Authors: Ivleva Alina Yurievna , Sidorova Elizaveta Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The study aims to identify the most successful ways of translating realia of D. Tartt’s work “The Little Friend” that are foreign to the Russian person, while preserving the cultural potential of the original. Scientific novelty of the article lies in finding ways of preserving the cultural potential of the original by means of a comparative-contrastive analysis of two translation variants of the same novel, taking into account social and cultural context of the time when they were made. As a result, it was found that the foreignization tactic is characterised by adequate translation of the original’s pragmatics, an important component of which is the cultural potential of the work, while the use of the domestication tactic strips the original text of the author’s intention and cultural specificity peculiar to it.
Cognitive-Semantic Classification of the English Phraseological Units with Component - Colour Term
Authors: Pavlenko Larisa Gennadievna , Chernikova Rita Yurievna
Published: December 2020

The article examines the English phraseological units with a component - colour term. Relevance of the research is conditioned by the fact that visual perception and phraseological figurativeness play the key role in the process of linguistic worldview formation. The research objective is to develop a cognitive-semantic classification of the phraseological units under study and to identify the means of their concepts verbalization taking into account the etymological aspect. The authors propose a cognitive-semantic classification of colour phraseological units, identify their cognitive metaphorical models, which constitutes scientific originality of the study. The research findings are as follows: 320 metaphorical phraseological units are classified into 30 semantic categories, their cognitive models are identified and semantic motivation is revealed.
Structural Features of Kinaesthetic Representative System in Discursive Space
Authors: Zinkovskaya Anastasia Vladimirovna , Sakhno Anna Anatolyevna
Published: December 2020

The paper aims to identify the structural features peculiar to classifications of non-verbal components of communication in the kinaesthetic representative system within the frame of discursive space. Considerable attention is paid to a detailed analysis of the main approaches to studying the typology of kinaesthetics and its characteristics. Scientific novelty lies in classifying non-verbal components of communication and their correlation in the semiotic field. The authors were the first to apply the model of spontaneous semiosis while differentiating gesture manifestations presented as an icon. As a result, semiotic significance of functional and non-functional classifications of non-verbal components of communication in the context of their interaction in a communicative act was substantiated.
Realization of Communicative Strategy of Glorification in the Modern German-Language Media Discourse (by the Example of Media Texts on COVID-19 Issue)
Authors: Poluykova Svetlana Jurievna
Published: December 2020

The research objective includes identifying the means to realize the pragmatic potential of the German-language media texts dedicated to the relevant issue of struggle against COVID-19. The analysis of the modern media content (posters, publications, stickers) allows revealing peculiarities of COVID-19 fighters’ representation. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the researcher identifies objects of glorification in the German-language media texts on COVID-19 issue and describes the means to realize this communicative strategy. The research findings are as follows: communicative tactics of glorification are revealed; the role of visual information in this process is determined.
Correlation of Conceptual Fields “Theatre” - “Theatricality” (by the Example of the Russian and French Languages)
Authors: Chvalun Roza Vladimirovna , Kizilova Natalia Igorevna , Chudnova Olga Alekseevna
Published: December 2020

The research objectives are as follows: to identify the content of the notions “theatre”, “theatricality”, to reveal correlation of these notions taking into account linguistic, epistemological and semiotic aspects. The study is conducted by the material of the Russian and French languages. The authors ascertain the basic linguistic and extra-linguistic characteristics of the notions under consideration, reveal specificity of the conceptual fields “theatre” - “theatricality”, which constitutes scientific originality of the paper. The research findings are as follows: within the research area (language realization of the linguo-semiotic category “theatricality”, its key characteristics, means for its realization at different text levels), the article identifies definitional features of nuclear lexemes, describes synonymic paradigms of dominant lexemes, analyses correlation of the conceptual fields “theatre” - “theatricality”.
Context Generalization as Mechanism of Grammaticalization (by the Material of the English and German Languages)
Authors: Avagyan Asmik Armenovna
Published: December 2020

The paper justifies the thesis that context generalization serves as a mechanism of grammaticalization in the Germanic languages of different structures. Scientific originality of the study involves a comparative analysis of the context generalization process in the English and German languages. The conducted research allows concluding that the English and German grammaticalized subordinating conjunctions are equally subjected to the process of context generalization and acquire new meanings, which justifies the key role of context in the process of grammaticalization in the two Germanic languages of different structures.
N. Litvinov’s Approach to Classifying the Chinese Character Radicals
Authors: Lyulina Anastasiya Gennadievna
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study is to identify the main principles of classifying hieroglyphic signs basing on N. Litvinov’s works. Scientific novelty lies in the fact that N. Litvinov’s approach is a fresh take on the issue of studying radical hieroglyphic signs. As opposed to the classical model of dividing graphemes into lexical sets, the author of the new approach has provided a comprehensive comparative study of individual hieroglyphic signs divided into pairs according to their semantic and morphological features, their meaning in the traditional Chinese philosophy and culture and their correlation with languages of other nations. As a result, distinctive features of N. Litvinov’s scientific methodology are identified; it is shown that the studied classification has not received deserved attention yet and has not gained traction in the Russian sinology; the study of the Chinese character radicals holds great prospects beyond the scope of linguistics, which is accounted for by the significance that the Chinese character radical has as a systemic culture pattern.
Norms of Translating Popular Science Documentaries about Wildlife (by the Example of the Soviet Translation of the Documentary “Galapagos”)
Authors: Filatova Ekaterina Alekseevna
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the problem of translation norms when translating documentaries about wildlife. The research objective includes identifying the translation norms used to translate a documentary of the 1960s. The study is based on theoretical provisions of domestic and foreign linguists - specialists in translation studies. Scientific originality of the paper lies in the fact that the researcher for the first time provides a comprehensive analysis of audio-visual translation of a documentary of the 1960s. The conducted research justifies importance of certain translation norms established by the Soviet audio-visual translators of the 1960s.
Speech Portrait of Foreigner’s Image in B. Akunin’s “Fandorin” Corpus as Linguostylistic Constant of the Meta-Cycle
Authors: Borunov Artem Borisovich
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study is to reveal B. Akunin’s strategy used in the “Fandorin” meta-cycle to create a speech portrait of a character-foreigner, who is able to integrate into the Russian society. Scientific novelty of the research lies in identifying typical devices employed in creating the image of the “Russian foreigners” through the lens of speech. As a result, the author identifies certain homology in linguostylistic means use in creation of the mentioned images, whose very presence in Akunin’s novels is one of the cycle-forming constants of the “Fandorin” corpus. It is proved that the most frequently used (as a part of language play with the reader) means of identifying a “Russified” foreigner is quoting from works of the classic Russian literature.
The Visual vs the Verbal in Narrative Structure of D. Glukhovsky’s Novel “Text”
Authors: Grimova Olga Alexandrovna
Published: December 2020

The study aims to determine the form and character of interaction between the visual and the verbal in narrative structure of the novel “Text” by D. Glukhovsky. The researcher examines how the visual acts as a catalyst for the plot development, marks its most significant points. Scientific novelty of the paper lies in the fact that within its framework, consideration of the novel “Text” is for the first time undertaken from the viewpoint of media convergence, “contact” of literary text with visual codes from other media. As a result, it is proved that the metamorphosis plot, significant for the conceptual sphere of the work, is formed and unfolded through interaction between the visual and the verbal, and the protagonist endowed with a new type of sensitivity is modelled, not so much comprehending the world around him as seeing it, a kind of media sapiens.
Compositional Techniques of Montage in Dina Rubina’s Trilogy “Napoleon Wagon Train” as a Cycle-Forming Means
Authors: Tulusheva Elena Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

The study aims to identify compositional patterns of a trilogy, to outline its architectonic cycle-forming constants using the material of the trilogy “Napoleon Wagon Train” by Dina Rubina. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the following: the author has identified new principles in organisation of Rubina’s text, for the first time defined the techniques employed in montage of different artistic spaces, the use of cinematic strategies in organisation of time continuum, interlinking of different timelines according to the palimpsest principle. As a result, it has been proved that this method is peculiar to the writer’s latest prose and has been developed to the fullest extent in her trilogy “Napoleon Wagon Train”.
Addressing in Varvara Danilova’s Collection “Heavenly Hell”
Authors: Merkel Elena Vladimirovna , Chaunina Natalya Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

The study aims to identify specific features of the address category realisation in V. Danilova’s poetry using the collection “Heavenly Hell” as an example. The research is novel in that it is the first to consider the Evenki poet’s lyrical works as dialogically oriented texts. The article analyses the poems that are the best representatives with regard to the stated topic; identifies indicators of addressing; outlines kinds of dialogue and their functions; determines the prevalent types of an addressee. The attained results have shown that dialogical intentions and, consequently, the factor of addressing are significant components of V. Danilova’s works: they increase semantic complexity and intertextual intensity of her texts.
From Love Story to Symbolist Short Story (J. W. von Goethe and H. von Hofmannsthal)
Authors: Tsvetkov Yuriy Leonidovich
Published: December 2020

The study aims to define specific techniques of reformatting the text about a love story from “Conversations of German Refugees” (1795) by a representative of the classic German literature J. W. von Goethe into the text of the symbolist short story “An Episode in the Life of Marshal de Bassompierre” (1900) by a prominent Austrian writer of the Viennese modernism H. von Hofmannsthal. Scientific novelty of the research lies in studying strong appeal of Goethe’s prose that a century later becomes a basis of intertextual transformation for the Viennese symbolist writer. In addition to that, principles of romanticization and symbolisation in Hofmannsthal’s short story have not been studied in the Russian literary criticism before. As a result, it was proved that there is considerable semantic development of figurative characteristics of the heroes in Hofmannsthal’s short story “An Episode in the Life of Marshal de Bassompierre”, as well as introduction of symbols and other figures of speech, which can be defined as symbolist.
World War I in Peripheral Mirror of History: Perception of War by Dagestan Oblast Population
Authors: Abdulaeva Madina Izamutdinovna , Khalidova Olga Borisovna
Published: December 2020

The study aims to show, on the basis of archival documents and periodical materials, dynamics of true attitude and perception of war by different groups of Dagestan society. The article considers psychophysiological perception of war in Dagestan Oblast population’s daily life. Scientific novelty of the work combines microhistory, anthropology and history of everyday life, the basis for which resides in unpublished sources, recollections of eyewitnesses of the process, as well as in recent developments made by researchers studying the region. The attained results have shown evolution in perception of war and everything related to it by Dagestan Oblast’s population. Different social groups’ worldview shifted from patriotism to disappointment, then to exasperation, criticism of the government and its actions intensified.
Dizzy Gillespie’s Creative Portrait in the Context of “Be-Bop Revolution” of the 1940-1950s
Authors: Fisher Angelica Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents Dizzy Gillespie’s creative portrait through the lens of the leading tendencies of jazz development in the crucial period of the 1940-1950s. The musician’s style is analysed taking into account tonal-phonic, rhythmic, pitch and structural-compositional components. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that Gillespie’s style is considered against the background of general tendencies of jazz development in the period of formation of the earliest jazz style - be-bop. The conducted research allows concluding that Dizzy Gillespie contributed significantly to the evolution of jazz - from light music, an attribute of mass culture, to elitist, artified jazz.