bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rough surface scattering using a source able to produce an incident beam with controlled polarization and coherence
Authors: Bruce Neil C. , Rodríguez-Herrera Oscar G. , Ramírez Claudio N. , Rosete-Aguilar Martha
Published: January 2021

We present a comparison of the first numerical and experimental results for the scattering of light from rough surfaces using a recently developed variable coherence polarimetry source that permits obtaining information on the object without having to scan over incidence or scatter angle. We present, for the first time, we believe, the application of this source to a 1D rough surface and show how to analyze the scattered field to retrieve useful information about the surface. This source uses a liquid-crystal phase modulator to control the polarization as well as the coherence of the beam illuminating the rough surface. Changing the polarization state distribution at the source plane, by controlling the phase distribution on a spatial light modulator, gives a scan of two source spots over the rough surface. The scattered beam is analyzed with a Stokes polarimeter. The Kirchhoff approximation is used to calculate the scattered Stokes vector using the experimental incident Stokes vector and intensity distribution as a source. Good agreement is obtained between the numerical and experimental results, for a simple calculation of the number of intensity maxima obtained as the two first-order source spots are scanned across the sample.
Autofocusing in digital holography using eigenvalues
Authors: Ghosh Anik , Kulkarni Rishikesh , Mondal Pranab Kumar
Published: January 2021

A new autofocusing algorithm for digital holography is proposed based on the eigenvalues of the images reconstructed at different distances in the measurement volume. An image quality metric evaluated based on the distribution of its eigenvalues is compared in function of the reconstruction distance to identify the location of the focal plane. The proposed automatic focal plane detection algorithm is capable of working with amplitude objects, phase objects, and mixed type objects. A performance comparison of the proposed algorithm with some previously reported representative algorithms is provided. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposed algorithm.
Controlling parameters of the wave-particle duality of a two-level atom in a double-slit scheme with cavity field
Authors: Miranda Mario , Orszag Miguel
Published: January 2021

A double-slit scheme placed immediately before a standing wave allows one to establish two possible paths for the passage of an atom. Each path matches with a node or antinode of the wave. The atom–field interaction is maximum (null) when the atom crosses an antinode (node), causing a maximum (null) phase shift in the field. Therefore, after the interaction, a proper quadrature measurement on the field can reveal the value of its final phase, and which-path information can be obtained. For a coherent state, the which-path information can be controlled by the amplitude of the field, and partial interference can be observed as it decreases. In this paper, we consider different states of the quantum field (squeezed coherent, cat, and thermal states), and we establish correlations between the internal atomic states and the paths of the double-slit scheme. This allows us to study the relationship among visibility, distinguishability, and concurrence, having in both the field and the atom different controlling parameters of the wave-particle duality.
Highly sensitive detection of sodium in aqueous solutions using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with liquid sheet jets
Authors: Nakanishi Ryuzo , Ohba Hironori , Saeki Morihisa , Wakaida Ikuo , Tanabe-Yamagishi Rie , Ito Yoshiro
Published: January 2021

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with liquid jets was applied to the detection of trace sodium (Na) in aqueous solutions. The sensitivities of two types of liquid jets were compared: a liquid cylindrical jet with a diameter of 500 µm and a liquid sheet jet with a thickness of 20 µm. Compared with the cylindrical jet, the liquid sheet jet effectively reduced the splash from the laser-irradiated surface and produced long-lived luminous plasma. The limit of detection (LOD) of Na was determined to be 0.57 µg/L for the sheet jet and 10.5 µg/L for the cylindrical jet. The LOD obtained for the sheet jet was comparable to those obtained for commercially available inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometers.
Frequency comb generation in a pulse-pumped normal dispersion Kerr mini-resonator
Authors: Xu Yiqing , Sharples Alexander , Fatome Julien , Coen Stéphane , Erkintalo Miro , Murdoch Stuart G.
Published: January 2021

Kerr microresonators driven in the normal dispersion regime typically require the presence of localized dispersion perturbations, such as those induced by avoided mode crossings, to initiate the formation of optical frequency combs. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that this requirement can be lifted by driving the resonator with a pulsed pump source. We also show that controlling the desynchronization between the pump repetition rate and the cavity free-spectral range (FSR) provides a simple mechanism to tune the center frequency of the output comb. Using a fiber mini-resonator with a radius of only 6 cm, we experimentally present spectrally flat combs with a bandwidth of 3 THz whose center frequency can be tuned by more than 2 THz. By driving the cavity at harmonics of its 0.54 GHz FSR, we are able to generate combs with line spacings selectable between 0.54 and 10.8 GHz. The ability to tune both the center frequency and frequency spacing of the output comb highlights the flexibility of this platform. Additionally, we demonstrate that under conditions of large pump-cavity desynchronization, the same cavity also supports a new, to the best of our knowledge, form of Raman-assisted anomalous dispersion cavity soliton.
Nonlinear frequency conversion of 3D optical bottle beams generated using a single axicon
Authors: Rao A. Srinivasa , Yadav Deepika , Samanta G. K.
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate a novel experimental scheme to generate and study the nonlinear frequency conversion of a three-dimensional (3D) optical Bessel bottle beam (BBB). Using a single axicon and standard optical components and controlling the spot size and divergence of the input Gaussian beam to the axicon, we have generated stable micron-size, high-power optical BBB with tunable spatial characteristics. The BBB has a series of low-intensity regions surrounded by high intensity with diameters of

∼

30

µ

m

and 17 µm, respectively, at a variable period of 2.3 to 6.4 mm along with the beam propagation. Using the single-pass second harmonic generation (SHG) of femtosecond BBB at 1064 nm in a bismuth triborate nonlinear crystal, we have generated BBB at 532 nm with output power as high as 75 mW and single-pass SHG efficiency of 1.9%. We also observed the self-healing of the BBB at both pump and SHG wavelengths. It is interesting to note that the pump beam truncation shows self-healing in the SHG beam. Such observation proves the direct transfer of the pump’s spatial characteristics to the SHG beam in the nonlinear process, potentially useful for imaging even in the turbid medium in biology. This generic scheme can be used at different wavelengths and timescales (continuous-wave to ultrafast).
THz Smith–Purcell and grating transition radiation from metasurface: experiment and theory
Authors: Sergeeva D. Yu. , Aryshev A. S. , Tishchenko A. A. , Popov K. E. , Terunuma N. , Urakawa J.
Published: January 2021

We report the results of experimental and theoretical studies of monochromatic coherent terahertz radiation generated by a short relativistic electron bunch interacting with a metasurface. The metasurface consists of subwavelength metal elements arranged on a dielectric substrate. The constructed theory explains the experimental spectra of Smith–Purcell radiation and grating transition radiation with very high precision. The orientational distribution of transition radiation shows a fine structure, which, as we suppose, may be due to contribution of coupling between the metasurface’s elements.
Exceptional compound plasmon-polariton waves
Authors: Lakhtakia Akhlesh , Zhou Chenzhang , Mackay Tom G.
Published: January 2021

Ordinarily, a trimaterial structure comprising a sufficiently thin metal film interposed between two homogeneous dielectric materials guides compound plasmon-polariton (CPP) waves, for which the fields on both sides of the metal film decay exponentially with distance from the nearest metal/dielectric interface. However, if one of the dielectric materials is anisotropic, then the trimaterial structure can guide an exceptional CPP wave for a particular propagation direction. On the side of the metal film occupied by the anisotropic dielectric material, the fields of the exceptional CPP wave decay as the product of a linear function and an exponential function of the distance from the nearest metal/dielectric interface. The canonical boundary-value problem for CPP-wave propagation has been analyzed and solved numerically; thereby, the spatial field profiles for exceptional CPP waves for a uniaxial-dielectric/metal/isotropic-dielectric structure have been established.
What have we learned about positive changes experienced during COVID-19 lockdown? Evidence of the social patterning of change
Authors: Williams Lynn , Rollins Lesley , Young David , Fleming Leanne , Grealy Madeleine , Janssen Xanne , Kirk Alison , MacDonald Bradley , Flowers Paul
Published: January 2021

Background

Multiple studies have highlighted the negative impact of COVID-19 and its particular effects on vulnerable sub-populations. Complementing this work, here, we report on the social patterning of self-reported positive changes experienced during COVID-19 national lockdown in Scotland.

Methods

The CATALYST study collected data from 3342 adults in Scotland during weeks 9–12 of a national lockdown. Using a cross-sectional design, participants completed an online questionnaire providing data on key sociodemographic and health variables, and completed a measure of positive change. The positive change measure spanned diverse domains (e.g., more quality time with family, developing new hobbies, more physical activity, and better quality of sleep). We used univariate analysis and stepwise regression to examine the contribution of a range of sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity, educational attainment, and employment status) in explaining positive change.

Results

There were clear sociodemographic differences across positive change scores. Those reporting higher levels of positive change were female, from younger age groups, married or living with their partner, employed, and in better health.

Conclusion

Overall our results highlight the social patterning of positive changes during lockdown in Scotland. These findings begin to illuminate the complexity of the unanticipated effects of national lockdown and will be used to support future intervention development work sharing lessons learned from lockdown to increase positive health change amongst those who may benefit.
Chemical stabilization of dispersed Escherichia coli for enhanced recovery with a handheld electroflotation system and detection by Loop-mediated Isothermal AMPlification
Authors: Diaz Lena , Li Yong , Jenkins Daniel M.
Published: January 2021

Constraints related to sample preparation are some of the primary obstacles to widespread deployment of molecular diagnostics for rapid detection of trace quantities (≤103 CFU/mL) of food-borne pathogens. In this research, we report a sample preparation method using a novel handheld electroflotation system to concentrate and recover dilute quantities (102−103 CFU/mL) of Escherichia coli (E. coli) 25922 in artificially contaminated samples for reliable, rapid detection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). To protect suspended cells from shear stresses at bubble surfaces, a non-ionic surfactant (Pluronic-F68) and flocculant (chitosan oligosaccharide) were used to aggregate cells and reduce their surface hydrophobicity. Effective conditions for recovery were determined through multifactorial experiments including various concentrations of Pluronic-F68 (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 g L-1), chitosan oligosaccharide (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 g L-1), bacteria (102, 103, 104 CFU/mL E. coli 25922), recovery times (10, 15 and 20 minutes), and degrees of turbulent gas flux (“high” and “low”). The automated electroflotation system was capable of concentrating effectively all of the bacteria from a large sample (380 mL 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer containing 102 CFU/mL E. coli) into a 1 mL recovered fraction in less than 30 minutes. This enabled detection of bacterial contaminants within 2 hours of collecting the sample, without a specialized laboratory facility or traditional enrichment methods, with at least a 2–3 order of magnitude improvement in detection limit compared to direct assay with LAMP.
Incidents of aggression in German psychiatric hospitals: Is there an increase?
Authors: Eisele Frank , Flammer Erich , Steinert Tilman
Published: January 2021

Introduction

In a meta-analysis of international studies, 17% of admitted patients in psychiatric hospitals had exhibited violent behavior toward others. Reported data from studies in Germany were considerably lower until recent years. However, studies examining only single hospitals, as well as the quality of the data itself, have raised questions as to the validity of these findings. Indeed, a debate currently exists as to whether there has, in fact, been an increase of violent incidents in German mental institutions.

Methods

In a group of 10 hospitals serving about half the population of the Federal State of Baden-Wuerttemberg with 11 million inhabitants, the Staff Observation Aggression Scale–Revised (SOAS-R) was introduced into patients’ electronic charts as part of routine documentation. Data recording was strongly supported by staff councils and unions. A completed data set is now available for the year 2019. For one hospital, data are available since 2006. Due to some doubts with respect to fully covering self-directed aggression, we restricted the analysis to aggression toward others and toward objects.

Results

In 2019, 17,599 aggressive incidents were recorded in 64,367 admissions (1,660 staying forensic psychiatric inpatients included). 5,084 (7.90%) of the admitted cases showed aggressive behavior toward others. Variation between hospitals was low to modest (SD = 1.50). The mean SOAS-R score was 11.8 (SD between hospitals 1.20%). 23% of the incidents resulted in bodily harm. The percentage of patients showing violent behavior was highest among patients with organic disorders (ICD-10 F0) and lowest among patients with addictive or affective disorders (F1, F3, F4). Forensic psychiatry had the highest proportion of cases with aggressive behavior (20.54%), but the number of incidents per bed was lower than in general adult psychiatry and child and adolescent psychiatry (indicating a lower risk for staff). In the hospital with longer-term recordings available, an increase could be observed since 2010, with considerable variation between years.

Conclusions

This is the most robust estimate of the frequency of violent incidents in German psychiatric hospitals thus far. The incidence is about half of what has been reported internationally, probably due to sample selection bias in previous studies and a relatively high number of hospital beds in Germany. Available data suggest an increase of violent incidents over the last ten years; however, it is unclear to which extent this is due to increased reporting.
Time at Its Margins: Cattle Smuggling across the India-Bangladesh Border
Authors: Sur Malini
Published: January 2021

This article resituates the study of time in anthropology, moving it from the comparative exploration of internally coherent religions and national territories to the very margins of religions, nations, and capital. Borders recalibrate time by imbuing mundane economic activities with political salience. Dangerous border crossings make temporal registers contingent and erratic, and generative of violence and torture. I show how India’s prohibitions on live cattle exports and Bangladesh’s demand for beef compel acts that effectively legalize animal smuggling, which, nonetheless, remains a risky business. Across the riverine islands of the India-Bangladesh borderlands, small-scale traders and transporters operate according to the distinct logics of militarized infrastructures and legal regimes that generate moments of “signal clear,” marking the temporary opening of border passages and opportunities for sustenance, as well as “armed” times, more sustained periods of heightened national security, and imminent violence. By subjecting the border’s productive and coercive temporal energies to close ethnographic scrutiny, I suggest that cattle’s sacrality reinforces the material world of capital and strife, ruptures kinship ties, and subjects Muslim cattle workers and their families to prolonged periods of scarcity and hunger. This article shows how people’s experiences of the borderland as a space are vitally shaped by fractured, shifting, and contingent rhythms of time.
Światowe reperkusje badań PISA. Wokół nowej kontroli edukacji
Authors: Brudzińska Patrycja
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the reactions of societies to the results of the Program for International Students Assessments (PISA) and some of the effects of this research. It presents education reforms and changes in education systems introduced as a consequence of confrontation of results achieved by fifteen-year-olds from different countries. The text describes examples of participants from Europe, America and Asia.
TÜRKİYE’DE DİJİTAL BANKACILIK VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: BULUT Esra , ÇİZGİCİ AKYÜZ Gülay
Published: January 2021

FinTek, müşteri odaklı yeni hizmet anlayışıyla birlikte dijital arenayı bankalar için bir rekabet alanına dönüştürmektedir. Dijital bankacılık, bu çerçevede, bankaların FinTek Kurumlarına karşı rekabet avantajlarını korumalarında önem kazanmaktadır. Dijital bankacılık, herhangi bir yer ve zamanda finansal işlem yapmayı mümkün kılarak ekonomik faaliyetleri hızlandırma potansiyeli taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye’de dijital bankacılığın ekonomik büyüme ile ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Bu doğrultuda; çalışmada 2011:Q1 – 2019:Q4 dönemi dijital bankacılık verileri ve Reel Gayrisafi Yurt İçi Hasıla Büyüme Hızı verileri kullanılmış ve ARDL eş-bütünleşme analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda dijital bankacılığın ekonomik büyüme üzerine kısa ve uzun dönemde etkisinin pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir.
GELİŞMİŞ VE GELİŞMEKTE OLAN BORSALAR ARASINDAKİ OYNAKLIK YAYILIMI
Authors: ŞENOL Zekai , TÜRKAY Hakan
Published: January 2021

Küreselleşme, finansal serbestleşme ve piyasalar arasında görülen bilgi akışına bağlı olarak finansal
piyasalarda oynaklık yayılımları görülmektedir. Oynaklık yayılımları yatırım kararlarının verilmesinde,
çeşitlendirme ile portföy riskinin azaltılmasında, optimal riskten korunma oranının belirlenmesinde,
uluslararası portföy yönetim kararlarının verilmesinde önemli belirleyicilerdendir. Bu çalışmada ABD,
İngiltere, Japonya ve Almanya’dan oluşan gelişmiş piyasalar ile Çin, Rusya, Türkiye ve Brezilya’dan oluşan
gelişmekte olan ülke sermaye piyasaları arasındaki oynaklık yayılımları ve piyasalar arası ilişkiler 03.01.2000
– 28.12.2017 dönemine ait günlük veriler kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada Hafner ve Herwartz (2006)
varyansta nedensellik testi ve DCC çoklu GARCH yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, Çin hariç, gerek grup
içi gerekse gruplar arasında oynaklık yayılımları olduğunu, oynaklık yayılımı almayan tek piyasanın Çin
olduğunu, ABD, Japonya, Almanya, Türkiye ve Brezilya piyasalarının net oynaklık yayılımı alıcısı olduğu,
küresel finansal krizin ülke piyasalarındaki oynaklıkları etkilediğini göstermiştir.
Az első rendszeres légijárat Budapest-Pécs között a helyi sajtó tükrében
Authors: Krisztián Béla , Muity György
Published: January 2021

Az újjászerveződő trianoni Magyarország a közlekedésben is új utat keresett. Ennek eszköze, a repülés nemzeti érdek volt, hisz az önállóság egyik biztositéka, a hadirepülés is megteremtendő volt. Az ország belső repülőhálózatának első eseménye a Budapest-Pécs forgalom megnyitása volt 1930-ban. A tanulmány a repülőjárat indításának kevéssé feltárt és kutatott előzményeit, főbb állomásait és következményeit mutatja be. Több évnyi előkészület után Pécsett 1927 elején folytak tárgyalások arról, hogy a város repülőállomást kap, és így bekapcsolódik a világ repülőgép-forgalmába. A repülőtér – részben a Dunántúl napilap és Császár Géza újságíró közvéleményformáló tevékenysége következtében – társadalmi adakozásból és közmunkával épült fel. A téma közösségformáló erejét mutatta, hogy 1929. december elsején megalakult a Pécs- Baranyai Aero Club, míg 1930. április 15-én hatalmas tömeg, zászlódíszben úszó utcák várták a Magyar Légiforgalmi R.T. Pécsre érkező első utasgépét, valóságos népvándorlás indult meg a repülőtér felé. Az írás feltárja és értelmezi a repülőjáratok forgalmi adatainak alakulását, ami tanulságokkal szolgál napjainkban is, a repüléstörténet egy újabb korszakában.
Egy megyeszékhely adottságai — versenykörkép
Authors: Slezák-Bartos Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2021

Napjainkban a lakosok egyre magasabb elvárásokat támasztanak a településükkel szemben. Ehhez a helyieknek tisztában kell lenniük lakóhelyük értékeivel, a benne rejlő lehetőségekkel. Legelőször tudatosítani kell a helyi lakosokban a város értékeit, mivel a város élhetőségével kapcsolatos pozitív benyomásuk multiplikatív hatással rendelkezik a város imázsával kapcsolatban. Szekszárdon az elmúlt évtizedben számos – a helyiek közérzetét, a város élhetőségét javító – beruházás zajlott le. Ezek a városvezetés jobbító szándékaként, célzottan többek között a tisztes megélhetést nyújtó vállalkozások számának növelésére, az ápolt és esztétikus természeti és épített környezet kialakítására, a mindenki számára könnyen elérhető minőségi közszolgáltatások biztosítására, a színvonalas, vonzó rendezvények, valamint a közösségi funkcióval rendelkező terek létrehozására irányultak. A tanulmány célja megismertetni az itt élők elégedettségét ezen intézkedések, törekvések a helyiek mindennapjaira gyakorolt hatásaival, a város adottságaival, azok megfelelő kihasználásával. Választ keresve arra is, mennyiben befolyásolják ezek a törekvések a lakóhely-választást és az esetleges lakóhely-változtatási szándékot. Az empirikus kutatás – a szekszárdi lakosok, valamint a városban tanulók és dolgozók véleményét vizsgálva – online kérdőívezésen, mélyinterjúkon és személyes tapasztalatokon alapul.
Elégedettségi mérési módszerek jelentősége a közgazdasági szektorban
Authors: Horváth Gergely
Published: January 2021

A fogalmi-, illetve szakirodalmi összefoglalás céljával megírt tanulmány bemutatja a termelési szektorban használt különböző elégedettségi mérési módszereket (pl. a TQM mérési módszert), valamint foglalkozik a pénzügyi szektorban használatos elégedettségi módszerekkel is (pl. a CRM rendszer fontossága a pénzügyi szektorban). Az elégedettségi méréseknek legnagyobb problémája szolgáltatások esetén a szubjektivitás, ami azt jelenti, hogy a vállalat nem tud egyidejűleg minden célcsoportot elvárásai tekintetében teljes mértékben kielégíteni, ezért fontos a célcsoport megfelelő kiválasztása. Ebből kifolyólag a vendégelégedettség és a minőség mérése fontos egy vállalat számára, ugyanis lényeges információkat adhat a vállalati vezetőknek a termékek és szolgáltatások gyengeségeiről, erősségeiről (a megfelelő célcsoport kiválasztása érdekében) a jövőbeni nagyobb sikerek érdekében.
Analysis of Effect on Service Recovery Four Star Hotel in Semarang City
Authors: Heridiansyah Jefri , Susetyarsi Theresia , Indriastuti Ariyani , Triasningrum Frida Widyawati
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out: (1) How much influence does customer satisfaction have on the four-star hotel service recovery in Semarang City. (2) How much impact of customer trust on the service recovery of four-star hotels in Semarang, (3) How big is the influence of customer commitment on service recovery for four-star hotels in Semarang City. The sample in this study amounted to 57 respondents or customers. This study was analyzed using multiple linear regression includes the T-test, F test, and the coefficient of determination. Based on the results of the research and discussions, it can conclude that there is an effect of customer satisfaction on service recovery, there is an effect of customer trust on service recovery also there is an effect of customer commitment on service recovery.
Variability in Cerebral Palsy Diagnosis
Authors: Aravamuthan Bhooma R. , Fehlings Darcy , Shetty Sheetal , Fahey Michael , Gilbert Laura , Tilton Ann , Kruer Michael C.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood motor disability. The emergence of genetic CP etiologies, variable inclusion of hypotonic CP in international registries, and involvement of different medical disciplines in CP diagnosis can promote diagnostic variability. This variability could adversely affect patients’ understanding of their symptoms and access to care. Therefore, we sought to determine the presence and extent of practice variability in CP diagnosis.

METHODS:

We surveyed physicians in the United States and Canada interested in CP on the basis of membership in the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine or the Child Neurology Society Neonatal Neurology, Movement Disorders, or Neurodevelopmental Disabilities Special Interest Groups. The survey included the 2007 consensus definition of CP and 4 hypothetical case scenarios.

RESULTS:

Of 695 contacted physicians, 330 (47%) completed the survey. Two scenarios yielded consensus: (1) nonprogressive spastic diplegia after premature birth with periventricular leukomalacia on brain MRI (96% would diagnose CP) and (2) progressive spastic diplegia (92% would not diagnose CP). Scenarios featuring genetic etiologies or hypotonia as the cause of nonprogressive motor disability yielded variability: only 46% to 67% of practitioners would diagnose CP in these settings.

CONCLUSIONS:

There is practice variability in whether a child with a nonprogressive motor disability due to a genetic etiology or generalized hypotonia will be diagnosed with CP. This variability occurred despite anchoring questions with the 2007 consensus definition of CP. On the basis of these results, we have suggested ways to reduce diagnostic variability, including clarification of the consensus definition.
O projeto ‘Aulas em Casa’ e a educação remota durante a pandemia do COVID-19: análise da experiência do estado do Amazonas
Authors: Silva Iolete Ribeiro da , Silva Camila Ribeiro da
Published: January 2021

Em decorrência da pandemia do COVID-19 foram suspensas as aulas presenciais das escolas em todo o mundo. No Amazonas, as secretarias de educação do estado e do município de Manaus implantaram um projeto denominado ‘Aula em Casa’ que disponibiliza conteúdos através da televisão aberta, aplicativo de celular, YouTube, Facebook e um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar esse projeto a partir das narrativas de docentes sobre as condições de oferta do ensino remoto realizadas em Manaus/AM à luz da teoria histórico-cultural. Participaram do estudo seis docentes que atuam na rede pública estadual e municipal, que semanalmente produziram relatos de suas experiências durante o confinamento social. Foram identificados os principais obstáculos e analisadas as soluções adotadas pelo governo local. Conclui-se que não foram considerados os impactos da pandemia na vida das pessoas, os esforços centraram-se na transmissão de conteúdo desconsiderando a importância da mediação pedagógica. As saídas para uma questão tão complexa devem ser construídas em parceira com toda a comunidade escolar, em especial ampliando a compreensão do processo pedagógico.
The Six W-Questions at the Heart of Strategic Planning for the Development of School Organizations
Authors: Gyoreva Rumyana
Published: January 2021

Strategic planning is a key management activity of school organizations. It enables management to find adequate answers to the problems caused by changes in the external environment that require long-term solutions.
The article analyzes the main aspects of the nature and implementation of strategic planning in schools. The emphasis is on developing the strategy of the school using the approach of questions. The analysis shows how the method of W-questions can facilitate a strategy for the development of school institutions as an action plan, the roadmap, which sets priorities in response to the expectations of students, parents and society.
The prediction of repeated sprint and speed endurance performance by parameters of critical velocity models in soccer
Authors: Arı Erdal , Deliceoğlu Gökhan
Published: January 2021

Background and Study Aim. The prediction of running anaerobic sprint test and 800 m performance by parameters of critical velocity was examined in this study.

Material and Methods. The participants of study were consisted of thirteen amateur soccer players (n=13, age=22.69±5.29 years, weight=72.46±6.32 kg, height=176.92±6.73 cm). The 800 and 2400 m running tests were performed for determination of critical velocity and anaerobic distance capacity. The critical velocity and anaerobic distance capacity were determined by three mathematical models (linear total distance, linear velocity, non-linear two parameter model). The repeated sprint and sprint endurance ability was determined by running anaerobic sprint test and 800 m running test. The simple and multiple linear regression analysis was used for prediction of dependent variables (running anaerobic sprint test and 800 m running performance) by independent variables (critical velocity and anaerobic distance capacity) of study. The correlation between variables was determined by Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results.  It was found that anaerobic distance capacity was a significant predictor of running anaerobic sprint test and 800 m running performance (p˂0.05). However, it was determined that critical velocity predicted significantly only time parameters of running anaerobic sprint test and 800 m test (p˂0.05). Also, the parameters of 800 m test (except for average velocity) were significantly predicted by running anaerobic sprint test parameters (p˂0.05).

Conclusions. It may be concluded that anaerobic distance capacity is an indicator of repeated sprint and speed endurance ability in soccer and may be used in improvement of sprint endurance performance.
Pussy power
Authors: Huang Kai , Nicoladis Elena
Published: January 2021

Some previous research has suggested that words in multlinguals’ first language, particularly taboo words, evoke a greater emotional response than words in any subsequent language. In the present study, we elicited French-English bilinguals’ emotional responses to words in both languages. We expected taboo words to evoke higher emotional response than positive or negative words in both languages. We tested the hypothesis that the earlier that bilinguals had acquired the language, the higher the emotional responses. French-English bilinguals with long exposure to both French and English participated. Their galvanic skin response (GSR) was measured as they processed positive (e.g., mother), negative (e.g., war) and taboo (e.g., pussy) words in both French and English. As predicted, GSR responses to taboo words were high in both languages. Surprisingly, English taboo words elicited higher GSR responses than French ones and age of acquisition was not related to GSR. We argue that these results are related to the context in which this study took place (i.e., an English majority context). If this interpretation is correct, then bilinguals’ emotional response to words could be more strongly linked to recent emotional interactions than to childhood experiences.
Preparing to teach emergent bilinguals
Authors: Schissel Jamie L. , Reyes Martha
Published: January 2021

Our ethnographic action research case study addresses the unique concerns that arise when expanding bilingual education methods within teacher education for non-ESL preservice teachers concerning ideological and practice-based shifts in pedagogy. The conceptual framework connects language ideologies and pedagogical practices. The qualitative analyses of three key assignments document preservice teachers’ ideological leanings as tending toward heteroglossia, tending toward monoglossia, or ideologies in flux. Our findings illustrate the attempts by preservice teachers to engage in practices along continua of heteroglossic and monoglossic language ideologies and the importance of defining concrete practices that value bilingual community knowledge.
Phenol adsorption on magnetic biochar derived from olive pomace: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamics
Authors: GÖKTEPELİ Gamze , YILDIZ Sevil , YEL Esra
Published: January 2021

In this study, magnetic biochar obtained from pyrolysis of pretreated olive pomace by iron chloride was used as adsorbent to remove phenol and the adsorption capacity of phenol was revealed. Batch experiments were performed as a function of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and phenol concentration. Moreover, adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of phenol adsorption onto magnetic biochar were also evaluated in the study. The optimum conditions for maximum adsorption capacity were obtained at pH of 5.7, dosage of biochar 0.14 g and 60 minutes contact time. In this study, three adsorption isotherms, namely Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin, were applied to fit the equilibrium data of adsorption of phenol onto magnetic biochar. Results showed that correlation coefficients (R2) for three isotherm models decreased with the temperature increment from 20°C to 40°C and the most suitable isotherm model for adsorption was Freundlich. As for kinetics of the adsorption process, the best described model was found as pseudo-second order. In adsorption thermodynamics part, the negative ΔH° and ΔG° values demonstrated that adsorption was exothermic, feasible and was more spontaneous at lower temperatures.
Electroencephalography: basic biophysical and technological aspects important for clinical applications
Authors: Beniczky Sándor , Schomer Donald L.
Published: January 2021

Electroencephalography (EEG) is the most commonly used functional investigative method in epilepsy. The goal of this educational review paper is to summarize the most important aspects related to the biophysical phenomena of EEG signal generation and the technical features that a clinician needs to understand in order to read and interpret EEGs. We explain the EEG electrodes and recording arrays, amplifiers, filters, analogue‐to‐digital conversion and signal display. We describe the advantages and disadvantages of the different montages and the indications for the various types of EEG recordings and provocative maneuvers. We explain how to use topographic maps to estimate the source of the cortical generator.
Vertiginous epilepsy: documentation of clinical and electrophysiological findings of nine patients
Authors: Surmeli Reyhan , Yalcin Ayse Destina , Surmeli Mehmet , Gunay Gozde
Published: January 2021

Aims. Epileptic vertigo is often a diagnostic problem. We aimed to present the clinical and electrophysiological features of patients with epileptic vertigo with a view to addressing the pathophysiology of this rare aura symptom.

Methods. Nine epileptic vertigo patients were included in the study. All patients were subjected to neuro‐otologic examination, interictal electroencephalogram (EEG), audiogram, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing (cVEMP), video head impulse testing (vHIT) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results. Eight patients described their aura as epileptic vertigo and one as dizziness. In three patients, auditory hallucinations preceded epileptic vertigo. The semiology of epileptic vertigo was true vertigo in five patients, vertigo with nausea in two patients and vertigo with hearing loss in one patient. Two patients suffered from focal seizures, and in seven patients the seizures were evaluated as focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures. MRI was normal in all patients. EEG was abnormal in all cases and showed high‐voltage spike or spike‐slow‐wave complexes, or both, located more frequently in the temporal region, more left than right. On vHIT examination, abnormal responses were recorded bilaterally or unilaterally in five patients. Similarly, cVEMP revealed no response bilaterally or unilaterally in five patients. In three patients, the side of no response to cVEMP corresponded to the side of epileptiform pathology based on EEG. Two patients with bilateral abnormalities on EEG showed bilateral abnormalities either on cVEMP or vHIT, or on both. Taken together, these findings support the involvement of the brainstem connections of the peripheral vestibular system in vertiginous epilepsy.

Conclusion. The pathological results of vestibular tests in the majority of our patients, combined with the EEG abnormalities, support the hypothesis of system epilepsies which is based on the dysfunction of specific neural systems.
Relações de gênero, poder e educação: uma perspectiva pós-estruturalista
Authors: Carrias Eleazar Venancio , Almeida Inês Maria Marques Zanforlin Pires de
Published: January 2021

Entende-se que a educação institucionalizada se insere em um contexto de emergência de novas identidades culturais e sociais. Assim, o artigo busca compreender como determinados estudantes homossexuais e transexuais se inscrevem subjetivamente em suas relações de gênero vivenciadas nas práticas de escolarização. Com base nos pressupostos epistemológicos do pós-estruturalismo, especialmente Foucault, analisam-se as relações de gênero enquanto relações de poder e relacionam-se os processos de escolarização dos sujeitos com a construção/constituição das identidades de gênero. Constata-se que as representações de gênero são um investimento sobre o corpo, no sentido de uma pretensa educação da mente.
Activity density of carabid beetles along an urbanisation gradient
Authors: Fattorini Simone , Mantoni Cristina , Bergamaschi Davide , Fortini Lorenzo , Sánchez Francisco J. , Di Biase Letizia , Di Giulio Andrea
Published: January 2021

Several works have investigated the impact of urbanisation on carabid activity density using urban-rural gradients. Such works compared activity density recorded from green spaces located in different parts of a city and assigned to categories of increasing urban intensity, which poses two problems: (1) since the gradient is divided into categories, it is impossible to model continuous variations in biotic responses, and (2) sites representative of different urbanisation levels are not true segments of the same ecological continuum. To surpass these problems, we modelled variations in carabid activity density along an urban-rural transect within a single green space extending from the city centre of Rome to rural environments. Carabids were sampled by pitfall traps from sites distributed along the entire gradient. We used breakpoint regressions to model how (1) carabid activity density, (2) carabids/beetles ratio, (3) carabids/insects ratio and (3) carabids/arthropods ratio varied along the gradient. As already observed for various organisms in urban environments, we found that activity density of carabids and their contribution to the abundance of beetles, insects and arthropods, peaked in the middle of the gradient. This supports the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, according to which moderate urbanisation may favour diversity by increasing habitat heterogeneity.
Do properties and species of weed seeds affect their consumption by carabid beetles?
Authors: Foffová Hana , Bohan David A. , Saska Pavel
Published: January 2021

Seed predators are an integral part of agroecosystems, where they can reduce the populations of weeds. The preference of predators for seeds and the observed predation rate may be affected by the properties of seeds (e.g. taxonomy, chemical composition, physical defence). In this work, we focused on seed consumption of Taraxacum officinale Web. and Stellaria media (L.) Vill., from France and the Czech Republic, by three species of ground beetle that are seed predators (Coleoptera: Carabidae): Poecilus cupreus (Linnaeus), Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) and Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan). The seed species were offered in arenas, simultaneously, under three different experimental manipulations of moisture and seed coat conditions: dry and intact, water-imbibed and intact, and water-imbibed with a damaged seed coat. Seed consumption was checked after 0.5, 1, 2, 24, and 48 hours of exposure. Anchomenus dorsalis largely refused to feed on seeds. Taraxacum officinale seeds with damaged coats were most preferred by the remaining two species of carabids. The consumption by P. cupreus of T. officinale seeds with damaged coats increased from 0.18 % after 0.5 hours to 83.83 % after 48 hours, and by P. melanarius from 13.76 % after 0.5 hours to 76.77 % after 48 hours. Seeds of S. media were consumed less. There was a significant difference in consumption rates due to the country of origin of the seeds, but there were no differences between the carabid sexes. That carabids preferred water-imbibed and damaged seeds may suggest an involvement of olfactory clues in the seed selection process, and/or shorter seed-handling times.
Water meter replacement and its impact on water consumption, utility revenue and payback periods
Authors: Brinkley M , Ilemobade A A , Ncube M
Published: January 2021

Mechanical water meter accuracy degrades over time due to wear and tear. Based on this premise, many water utilities around the world undertake meter replacement projects. In many instances, these projects neither assess the potential or actual impacts of meter replacement on consumption and utility revenue, nor undertake meter replacement based on a best practice, customised metering policy. From 2013 to 2015, Johannesburg Water (SOC) Limited embarked on a project to replace more than 50 000 mechanical water meters that had not been read over a period of 180 days due to technical faults. This study obtained and analysed two databases of these meters and arrived at a sorted and validated database comprising 3 679 meter replacements. For each meter replacement, twelve months of water consumption data was obtained for the period prior to and after replacement. This study then investigated the impact of replacement on water consumption, utility revenue and payback periods. Some high-level highlights from the study include the following: (i) a metering policy that addresses such issues as efficient meter database management, and the optimum meter replacement age and/or volumetric reading, is critical for any water utility if it is to obtain the best results from meter replacement; (ii) in order to guarantee the highest returns on investment, bulk meters (40 mm and larger) should be prioritised for meter replacement over single-stand residential meters; (iii) the replacement of 20 mm and 25 mm meters with 15 mm meters resulted in more accurate metering of consumption by virtue of increased consumption; and (iv) payback of the 15 mm replacement mechanical meters was achieved within 12 months, with the replacement of 20 mm and 25 mm meters resulting in average monthly revenue increases per property of R266.70 and R203.08 respectively.
Anthropocene terror in two girl-centred narratives: The leitmotifs of mythological time, colonisation and monstrosity in the films Whale Rider and Moana
Authors: du Plooy Belinda
Published: January 2021

The place of children in societies is a question that we have been grappling with in many forms, maybe nowhere more creatively and visibly than in the products of our imaginary complexes, such as films. Educational theorist and cultural critic Henry Giroux (2012) describes a contemporary crisis about youth and considers youth as potential cultural and pedagogical 'border-crossers or outlaws'. Our complex contemporary engagement with the concept of youth coincides with an increasing awareness of, firstly, the genderedness of our world and, secondly, of anthropocene planetary ecological states of crises. In this article I consider two girl-centred films, both with young female protagonists, where the convergence of these discursive forces is depicted in the narrative context of the current renewed appreciation for indigenous cultures, particularly those of the global south. The films are New Zealand director Niki Caro's Whale Rider (2002) and Disney's animated film Moana (2016). There are clear similarities between the films, and the Disney creators have openly credited Whale Rider as influential in their creative process. I particularly consider how these two films, when read together, engage with ideas of cyclical mythological time, the leitmotifs of exploration, gender and colonisation, and with the trope of monstrousness or monstrosity as metaphors for paradoxical and complex living in an age of increasing complexity and anxiety.
Hearing the pain of others: Engineering affect and empathy through the soundscapes of This Song is For... (2019) and Love Story (2017)
Authors: Lauwrens Jenni
Published: January 2021

While there is a solid and growing literature on audiences' affective and empathie responses to visual art, visual culture, and the mass media more generally, less attention has been given to how voice might play a central role in such experiences. In this article I explore two artworks that utilised voice to solicit particular responses from their audiences. The artworks, This Song is For ... (2019) by Gabrielle Goliath and Love Story (2017) by Candice Breitz, are analysed here through the lenses of affect and empathy, particularly as they intersect with voice studies. I begin by problematising these concepts and exploring the ways in which they have been theorised in art history, cultural and media studies, philosophy, and psychology. A careful negotiation between these theoretical perspectives allows me to construct a theoretical framework through which to analyse the intensely overwhelming responses the artworks elicited by paying particular attention to the effects of their soundscapes. I conclude that through the clever choreography of voice and image, both artworks constructed and manipulated their audiences in significant ways. By inviting their audiences on a critical journey, an encounter with these artworks may have led to a profoundly transformed understanding of the experiences of people who have suffered as a result of sexual abuse and various other traumas, such as oppression and displacement.
The effects of the order of picture presentation on the subjective emotional evaluation of pictures
Authors: Kosonogov Vladimir
Published: January 2021

In the last twenty years, a great number of studies on subjective emotional evaluation of affective pictures have been published. However, it is well-known that the order of presentation may entail sequential effects, which is the perception of a previous stimulus that may influence the next stimulus's perception. Our study examines whether the order of picture presentation influences the subjective evaluation of their affective valence and arousal. The results showed some influence of the order of presentation on affective valence: unpleasant pictures at the end were less unpleasant than unpleasant pictures at the beginning, and the neutral picture, when presented after unpleasant pictures, was more pleasant than when presented after pleasant pictures. No effect of presentation order on arousal was found. These findings suggest that several picture presentation orders should be used in future experiments on emotions to avoid possible effects of the order on affective valence.