bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sequential Organocatalytic Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5‐a]quinolines
Authors: da Costa Gabriel P. , Bach Mariana F. , de Moraes Maiara C. , Barcellos Thiago , Lenardão Eder J. , Silva Márcio S. , Alves Diego
Published: September 2020

In this work, a one‐pot sequential organocatalytic method for the synthesis of fused [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐a]quinolines through successive cyclization and condensation is presented. In this synthetic strategy, the intermolecular [3+2]‐cycloaddition occurs between 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and o‐carbonyl‐substituted phenylazide compounds, for the formation of the 1,2,3‐triazole intermediates. Subsequently, an intramolecular condensation reaction generates the fused quinoline ring by the new C−C bond formation, giving the products in yields ranging from moderate to excellent. All the reactions were performed using 20 mol% of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) as catalyst in the presence of DMSO as solvent at 120 °C for 24 h and tolerate a range of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, such as β‐keto esters and 1,3‐diketones, and o‐formyl, o‐acetyl or o‐benzoyl substituted phenylazide compounds.

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Ring chromosome formation by intra‐strand repairing of subtelomeric double stand breaks and clinico‐cytogenomic correlations for ring chromosome 9
Authors: Chai Hongyan , Ji Weizhen , Wen Jiadi , DiAdamo Autumn , Grommisch Brittany , Hu Qiping , Szekely Anna M. , Li Peining
Published: September 2020

Constitutional ring chromosome 9, r(9), is a rare chromosomal disorder. Cytogenomic analyses by karyotyping, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were performed in a patient of r(9). Karyotyping detected a mosaic pattern of r(9) and monosomy 9 in 83% and 17% of cells, respectively. aCGH detected subtelomeric deletions of 407 kb at 9p24.3 and 884 kb at 9q34.3 and an interstitial duplication of 5.879 Mb at 9q33.2q34.11. WGS revealed double strand breaks (DSBs) at ends of 9p24.3 and 9q34.3, inverted repeats at ends of subtelomeric and 9q33.2q34.11 regions, and microhomology sequences at the junctions of this r(9). This is the first report of r(9) analyzed by WGS to delineate the mechanism of ring chromosome formation from repairing of subtelomeric DSBs. The loss of telomeres by subtelomeric DSBs triggered inverted repeats induced intra‐strand foldback and then microhomology mediated synthesis and ligation, which resulted in the formation of this r(9) with distal deletions and an interstitial duplication. Review of literature found seven patients of r(9) with clinical and cytogenomic findings. These patients and the present patient were registered into the Human Ring Chromosome Registry and a map correlating critical regions and candidate genes with relevant phenotypes was constructed. Variable phenotypes of r(9) patients could be explained by critical regions and genes of DOCK8, DMRT, SMARCA2, CD274, IL33, PTPRD, CER1, FREM1 for 9p deletions, and the EHMT1 gene for 9q34 deletion syndrome. This interactive registry of r(9) could provide information for cytogenomic diagnosis, genetics counseling and clinical management.
CAG Repeat Size Influences the Progression Rate of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3
Authors: Leotti Vanessa B. , de Vries Jeroen J. , Oliveira Camila M. , de Mattos Eduardo P. , Te Meerman Gerard J. , Brunt Ewout R. , Kampinga Harm H. , Jardim Laura B. , Verbeek Dineke S.
Published: September 2020

Objective

In spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado‐Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), the expanded cytosine adenine guanine (CAG) repeat in ATXN3 is the causal mutation, and its length is the main factor in determining the age at onset (AO) of clinical symptoms. However, the contribution of the expanded CAG repeat length to the rate of disease progression after onset has remained a matter of debate, even though an understanding of this factor is crucial for experimental data on disease modifiers and their translation to clinical trials and their design.

Methods

Eighty‐two Dutch patients with SCA3/MJD were evaluated annually for 15 years using the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS). Using linear growth curve models, ICARS progression rates were calculated and tested for their relation to the length of the CAG repeat expansion and to the residual age at onset (RAO): The difference between the observed AO and the AO predicted on the basis of the CAG repeat length.

Results

On average, ICARS scores increased 2.57 points/year of disease. The length of the CAG repeat was positively correlated with a more rapid ICARS progression, explaining 30% of the differences between patients. Combining both the length of the CAG repeat and RAO as comodifiers explained up to 47% of the interpatient variation in ICARS progression.

Interpretation

Our data imply that the length of the expanded CAG repeat in ATXN3 is a major determinant of clinical decline, which suggests that CAG‐dependent molecular mechanisms similar to those responsible for disease onset also contribute to the rate of disease progression in SCA3/MJD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:66–73
Design, Identification, and Evolution of a Surface Ruthenium(II/III) Single Site for CO Activation
Authors: Kang Liqun , Wang Bolun , Thetford Adam , Wu Ke , Danaie Mohsen , He Qian , Gibson Emma K. , Sun Ling‐Dong , Asakura Hiroyuki , Catlow C. Richard A. , Wang Feng Ryan
Published: September 2020

RuII compounds are widely used in catalysis, photocatalysis, and medical applications. They are usually obtained in a reductive environment as molecular O2 can oxidize RuII to RuIII and RuIV. Here we report the design, identification and evolution of an air‐stable surface [bipy‐RuII(CO)2Cl2] site that is covalently mounted onto a polyphenylene framework. Such a RuII site was obtained by reduction of [bipy‐RuIIICl4]− with simultaneous ligand exchange from Cl− to CO. This structural evolution was witnessed by a combination of in situ X‐ray and infrared spectroscopy studies. The [bipy‐RuII(CO)2Cl2] site enables oxidation of CO with a turnover frequency of 0.73×10−2 s−1 at 462 K, while the RuIII site is completely inert. This work contributes to the study of structure–activity relationship by demonstrating a practical control over both geometric and electronic structures of single‐site catalysts at molecular level.
Photodriven Disproportionation of Nitrogen and Its Change to Reductive Nitrogen Photofixation
Authors: Yang Jianhua , Bai Haoyuan , Guo Yanzhen , Zhang Han , Jiang Ruibin , Yang Baocheng , Wang Jianfang , Yu Jimmy C.
Published: September 2020

Nitrogen fixation is an essential process for sustaining life. Tremendous efforts have been made on the photodriven fixation of nitrogen into ammonia. However, the disproportionation of dinitrogen to ammonia and nitrate under ambient conditions has remained a grand challenge. In this work, the photodriven disproportionation of nitrogen is realized in water under visible light and ambient conditions using Fe‐doped TiO2microspheres. The oxygen vacancies associated with the Fe dopants activate chemisorbed N2molecules, which can then be fixed into NH3with H2O2as the oxidation product. The generated H2O2thereafter oxidizes NH3into nitrate. This disproportionation reaction can be turned to the reductive one by loading plasmonic Au nanoparticles in the doped TiO2microspheres. The generated H2O2can be effectively decomposed by the Au nanoparticles, resulting in the transformation of the disproportionation reaction to the completely reductive nitrogen photofixation.
Discovery of Self‐Assembling Small Molecules as Vaccine Adjuvants
Authors: Jin Shuyu , Vu Hue Thi , Hioki Kou , Noda Naotaka , Yoshida Hiroki , Shimane Toru , Ishizuka Shigenari , Takashima Ippei , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Beverly Pe Kathleen , Ogawa Tetsuya , Nishimura Naoya , Packwood Daniel , Tokitoh Norihiro , Kurata Hiroki , Yamasaki Sho , Ishii Ken J. , Uesugi Motonari
Published: September 2020

Immune potentiators, termed adjuvants, trigger early innate immune responses to ensure the generation of robust and long‐lasting adaptive immune responses of vaccines. Presented here is a study that takes advantage of a self‐assembling small‐molecule library for the development of a novel vaccine adjuvant. Cell‐based screening of the library and subsequent structural optimization led to the discovery of a simple, chemically tractable deoxycholate derivative (molecule 6, also named cholicamide) whose well‐defined nanoassembly potently elicits innate immune responses in macrophages and dendritic cells. Functional and mechanistic analyses indicate that the virus‐like assembly enters the cells and stimulates the innate immune response through Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7), an endosomal TLR that detects single‐stranded viral RNA. As an influenza vaccine adjuvant in mice, molecule 6 was as potent as Alum, a clinically used adjuvant. The studies described here pave the way for a new approach to discovering and designing self‐assembling small‐molecule adjuvants against pathogens, including emerging viruses.
Modifiers versus Channels: Creating Shape‐Selective Catalysis of Metal Nanoparticles/Porous Nanomaterials
Authors: Fang Chuanzhen , Liu Liwei , Weng Jiena , Zhang Suoying , Zhang Xinglong , Ren Zhen , Shen Yu , Meng Fanchen , Zheng Bing , Li Sheng , Wu Jiansheng , Shi Wenxiong , Lee Sungsik , Zhang Weina , Huo Fengwei
Published: September 2020

Shape‐selective catalysis plays a key role in chemical synthesis. Porous nanomaterials with uniform pore structures are ideal supports for metal nanoparticles (MNPs) to generate efficient shape‐selective catalysis. However, many commercial irregular porous nanomaterials face the challenge to realize satisfactory shape selectivity due to the lack of molecular sieving structures. Herein, we report a concept of creating shape selectivity in MNPs/porous nanomaterials through intentionally poisoning certain MNPs using suitable modifiers. The remaining MNPs within the substrates can cooperate with the channels to generate selectivity. Such a strategy not only applies to regular porous nanomaterials (such as MOFs, zeolites) but also extended to irregular porous nanomaterials (such as active carbon, P25). Potentially, the matching among different MNPs, corresponding modifiers, and porous nanomaterials makes our strategy promising in selective catalytic systems.
A Self‐Degradable Supramolecular Photosensitizer with High Photodynamic Therapeutic Efficiency and Improved Safety
Authors: Yuan Bin , Wu Han , Wang Hua , Tang Bohan , Xu Jiang‐Fei , Zhang Xi
Published: September 2020

Concerning that the residues of photosensitizers (PS) may cause serious side effects under light, it is of great significant to timely switch‐off PS after photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, we proposed a supramolecular strategy to regulate the activity of PS, fabricating a supramolecular PS with improved reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency and accelerated self‐degradation ability. During PDT treatment, the supramolecular PS exhibited good therapeutic efficiency as well as reduced dark toxicity. Moreover, the supramolecular PS could be degraded by ROS generated by itself and lose its PDT activities once PDT treatment finished. In this way, the side effects of PDT can be reduced without sacrificing the therapeutic efficiency. This work provides a novel strategy for smarter PDT beacon to further improve the safety of PDT treatment.
Scalable fabrication of high‐performance graphene/polyamide 66 nanocomposites with controllable surface chemistry by melt compounding
Authors: Cakal Sarac Elcin , Haghighi Poudeh Leila , Berktas Ilayda , Saner Okan Burcu
Published: September 2020

Scalable and ease fabrication of high‐performance graphene reinforced polyamide 66 (PA66) nanocomposites by melt‐mixing were achieved by selecting ideal graphene reinforcement having high C/O ratio. In this study, single‐layer amine functionalized reduced graphene oxide and multi‐layer thermally exfoliated graphene oxide (TEGO) were used to investigate the influence of surface chemistry and dispersion state on crystallization behaviors, mechanical, and thermal properties of graphene reinforced PA66 nanocomposites. Both types of graphenes acted as nucleating agent but TEGO showed the better performance due to its intercalated structure formation mechanism and efficient viscous flow during melting. Mechanical results indicated that 0.5 wt% TEGO based PA66 nanocomposite showed the highest tensile properties by increasing tensile modulus and tensile strength up to 45% and 16.1%, respectively. In addition, TEGO reinforced nanocomposites showed more stable viscoelastic behavior by reaching a plateau at high temperatures and restraining long‐range motion of polymer chains.
Does private tutoring improve student learning in China? Evidence from the China Education Panel Survey
Authors: Guo Yuhe , Chen Qihui , Zhai Shengying , Pei Chunchen
Published: September 2020

Based on data from the China Education Panel Survey, which covers 28 counties/districts of China, this study applies a difference‐in‐differences method (combined with propensity score matching in some analyses) to estimate the impacts of private tutoring on students' learning outcomes. Our analyses yield three important findings. First, subject‐specific tutoring has a statistically significant and positive effect on Grade 8 students' scores on Chinese and mathematics tests, although the effects are modest in size. Second, private tutoring improves students' academic performance mainly through enhancing their test‐taking skills or deepening their understanding of subject‐specific knowledge, rather than improving their general cognitive skills. Finally, the effect of private tutoring is heterogenous across different subsamples: it is larger for female students, low‐performing students, and students with better‐educated and wealthier parents.
Juvenile hormone upregulates sugarbabe for vitellogenesis and egg development in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria
Authors: Zeng Baojuan , Ye Yueru , Ma Jiajie , Song Jiasheng
Published: September 2020

Sugarbabe is a C2H2 zinc‐finger transcription factor that is sensitive to sugar and essential for lipid biosynthesis in larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. However, the role of Sugarbabe in adult insect development remains unexplored. Vitellogenesis is a nutrient‐dependent process that is promoted by juvenile hormone (JH) in many insect species. Here, we cloned an ortholog gene of D. melanogaster Sugarbabe (DmSug) in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. The locust Sugarbabe (LmSug) has five C2H2 zinc‐finger motifs similar to DmSug. LmSug was expressed at a low level in adult female locusts raised under poor nutrient conditions. JH treatment increased the expression level of LmSug. Knockdown of the JH receptor gene Met caused a reduction of LmSug expression. Depletion of the LmSug transcript level caused a significant reduction in vitellogenin expression in the fat body, resulting in impaired oocyte development and ovary growth. The results suggest that LmSug is expressed in response to JH, and plays an essential role in female insect reproduction.
Pyrolysis acid as sustainable wood preservative against rot fungi
Authors: Firouzbehi Farhod , Efhamisisi Davood , Hamzeh Yahya , Tarmian Asghar , Oladi Reza
Published: September 2020

The use of pyrolysis acid (PA) as a liquid by‐product of the slow pyrolysis of wood or any other lignocellulosic biomass has been widely developed in agriculture for a variety of purposes such as crop enhancement or as a pesticide. Evidence from the literature suggests that PA could be used as a sustainable wood preservative to protect against rot fungi and termites. The experimental work presented here provides one of the first investigations into the anti‐decay efficiency of PA. Crude PA acid acquired from three different types of wood at two different temperature ranges (180–280 °C and 280–350 °C) was used to impregnate beech and pine wood samples in a full‐cell process. Then, the resistance of treated samples against white and brown rot fungi was evaluated (in accordance with European standard EN 113), before and after a leaching test (European standard EN 84). It was found that, generally, higher retention of chemicals inside the wood was observed with PA obtained at 350 °C (PA‐350). The leaching rate of chemicals from the treated samples with PA obtained at 280 °C (PA‐280) was significantly higher than from those treated with PA‐350. Before leaching, no statistical difference was observed among the impregnated woods in terms of decay resistance. Although the samples treated with PA‐280 initially showed fairly good decay resistance they partially lost it after leaching. This was particularly the case with brown rot. However, the impregnation of wood samples with PA‐350 met the requirements of EN 113 as an efficient treatment against basidiomycete fungi. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Targeted metagenomics reveals extensive diversity of the denitrifying community in partial nitritation anammox and activated sludge systems
Authors: Orschler Laura , Agrawal Shelesh , Lackner Susanne
Published: September 2020

The substantial presence of denitrifiers has already been reported in partial nitritation anammox (PNA) systems using the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, but little is known about the phylogenetic diversity based on denitrification pathway functional genes. Therefore, we performed a metagenomic analysis to determine the distribution of denitrification genes and the associated phylogeny in PNA systems and whether a niche separation between PNA and conventional activated sludge (AS) systems exists. The results revealed a distinct abundance pattern of denitrification pathway genes and their association to the microbial species between PNA and AS systems. In contrast, the taxonomic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene, did not detect notable variability in denitrifying community composition across samples. In general, narG and nosZa2 genes were dominant in all samples. While the potential for different stages of denitrification was redundant, variation in species composition and lack of the complete denitrification gene pool in each species appears to confer niche separation between PNA and AS systems. This study suggests that targeted metagenomics can help to determine the denitrifying microbial composition at a fine‐scale resolution while overcoming current biases in quantitative polymerase chain reaction approaches due to a lack of appropriate primers.
Predictors of changes after reasoning training in healthy adults
Authors: Roheger Mandy , Kalbe Elke , Corbett Anne , Brooker Helen , Ballard Clive
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To investigate predictors of performance changes and their time course in healthy older adults.

Design

A post hoc analysis of a RCT investigating the effect of reasoning cognitive training (ReaCT) compared to an active control group (CG) during a time course.

Setting and participants

An online, home‐based RCT including n = 4,310 healthy participants (ReaCT: n = 2,557; CG: n = 1,753) aged 50 years and older.

Methods

Multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate predictors (age, sex, education, severity of depression, number of training sessions the participants attended, and neuropsychological baseline values) of the outcome measures grammatical reasoning, working memory, digit vigilance, verbal short‐term memory, and verbal learning at 6 weeks, 3, and 6 months.

Results

Being female and lower education predicted improvements in grammatical reasoning scores at 6 weeks and 3 months of training.

Conclusion and implication

Identifying predictors for nonpharmacological interventions may help to set up a personalized medicine approach in order to prevent cognitive decline in healthy older adults.
A MOOC‐based flipped experience: Scaffolding SRL strategies improves learners’ time management and engagement
Authors: Pérez‐Sanagustín Mar , Sapunar‐Opazo Diego , Pérez‐Álvarez Ronald , Hilliger Isabel , Bey Anis , Maldonado‐Mahauad Jorge , Baier Jorge
Published: September 2020

Higher education institutions are increasingly considering the use of a form of blended learning, commonly named as flipped classroom (FC), in which students watch video lectures drawn from a massive online open course (MOOC) before a face‐to‐face lecture. This methodology is attractive, as it allows institutions to reuse high‐quality material developed for MOOCs, while increasing learning flexibility and the students’ autonomy. However, the adoption of this methodology is low in general, especially in Engineering courses, as its implementation faces a number of challenges for students. The most salient challenge is the lack of student self‐regulatory skills, which may result in frustration and low performance. In this paper, we study how a self‐regulatory learning technological scaffold, which provides students with feedback about their activity in the MOOC, affects the engagement and performance of students in an Engineering course following a MOOC‐based FC approach. To this end, we design an observational study with the participation of 242 students: 133 students in the experimental group (EG) who used a technological scaffold and 109 in the control group (CG) who did not. We did not find a statistically significant difference between the academic achievements of both groups. However, the EG exhibited a statistically significant greater engagement with the course and a more accurate strategic planning than the CG. The main implications for scaffolding self‐regulated learning in FC derived from these results are discussed.
Quality of life outcomes from a randomized controlled trial of patient navigation in Latina breast cancer survivors
Authors: Ramirez Amelie G. , Muñoz Edgar , Long Parma Dorothy , Perez Arely , Santillan Alfredo
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Breast cancer survivorship is a life‐long process involving challenges to health‐care communities and individuals, especially Latinas. Patient Navigation has shown some success in meeting these challenges. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an enhanced Patient Navigation program (Intervention; PN+) vs Control (PN) over time on general cancer and breast cancer‐specific quality of life (QoL) in Latina breast cancer survivors (BCS).

Methods

We conducted a 2‐year, two‐arm randomized controlled trial of the “Staying Healthy” program among Latina BCS. The design compared PN+ vs PN over time. We recruited 60 patients into each study arm and randomized them by sequential numerical assignment. PN+ participants received culturally tailored educational materials and active, personalized Patient Navigation services, including phone calls, transportation, and care coordination. PN participants were navigated only upon request. Primary outcomes included general cancer (Functional Assessments of Cancer Therapy [FACTS]‐G) and breast cancer‐specific (FACT‐B) QoL.

Results

PN+ participants had significantly improved QoL measures compared to PN at 6‐month follow‐up on all subscales (P‐values .007‐.04) except physical well‐being (PWB; P = .11). Intervention effect size coefficient (standard error) for FACT‐G overall was 7.9 (3.1); P = .01. For FACT‐B, it was 10.9 (3.9); P = .006. Again, all subscales showed significant effects [range 1.7‐3.1 (0.8‐1.2); P‐values .006‐.04], except for PWB [1.5 (1.0); P = .16] and social/family well‐being (SWB) [2.1 (1.1); P = .06]. There were no differences between groups at baseline.

Discussion

Multiple cultural, psychosocial, and socioeconomic variables contributing to these intervention effects will be addressed in future studies. As the national BCS population continues to increase, more Patient Navigation‐focused partnerships among patients, health‐care professionals, research groups, and community organizations are needed to improve BCS experiences. The Staying Healthy program has the potential to serve as a national survivorship care model for improving Latina BCS QoL.
Exploring harm in psychotherapy: Perspectives of clinicians working with children and young people
Authors: Castro Batic Barbara , Hayes Dan
Published: September 2020

Aims

The potential for harm to occur from talking therapies has been acknowledged in academic literature. However, there is a paucity of research when it comes to exploring this phenomenon when working with young patients. This study explores clinicians’ perspectives on harm from talking therapies when working with children and young people.

Method

Eleven clinicians were interviewed on the types of harm that could occur from talking therapies, as well as the potential mechanisms. Data were analysed inductively using thematic analysis.

Results

Two themes were identified around types of harm: ‘clinical deterioration’ and ‘retraumatisation’. Additionally, four groups of mechanisms were identified: ‘Administrative factors’, ‘Relationship factors’, ‘Therapist factors’ and ‘Contextual factors’.

Discussion

Clinicians are able to identify some specific types of harm when working with children and young people and understand how these could occur. The clinical implications of these findings are explored, along with limitations and directions for future research.
Chemoproteomic Profiling of an Ibrutinib Analogue Reveals its Unexpected Role in DNA Damage Repair
Authors: Ye Zi , Wang Yankun , Wu Hong , Song Tong , Li Xixiang , Liu Qingsong , Wang Chu
Published: September 2020

Ibrutinib is an FDA‐approved drug to treat B‐lymphoid malignancies, which functions mechanistically as a covalent inhibitor for Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). During the course of screening more potent and selective BTK inhibitors, we discovered that MM2‐48, an ibrutinib analogue that contains the alkynyl amide functional group in place of the acrylamide warhead, exhibits a much stronger cytotoxicity. Comparative chemoproteomic profiling of the targets of ibrutinib and MM2‐48 revealed that the alkynyl amide warhead exhibits much higher reactivity in proteomes. Unexpectedly, MM2‐48 covalently targets a functional cysteine in a BRCA2 and CDKN1A‐interacting protein, BCCIP, and significantly inhibits DNA damage repair. Our findings suggest that simultaneous inhibition of BTK activity and DNA damage repair might be a more effective therapeutic strategy for combating B‐cell malignancies.
A safe and simple method for axIABP placement using a left axillary–radial technique
Authors: Maatman Benjamin , Rios‐Meza Hugo , Guglin Maya , Revtyak George
Published: September 2020

In patients with severe heart failure, a percutaneous axillary intraaortic balloon pump (axIABP) may permit ambulation while awaiting destination therapy. Traditionally, an “axillary–femoral” approach has been used with femoral access for axillary angiography during insertion. We describe an “axillary–radial” technique for axIABP insertion and removal using the left radial artery.
Early experience with the Micro Plug Set for preterm patent ductus arteriosus closure
Authors: Heyden Caitlin M. , El‐Said Howaida G. , Moore John W. , Guyon Peter W. , Katheria Anup C. , Ratnayaka Kanishka
Published: September 2020

Objectives

We intend to describe early experience using a new, commercially available Micro Plug Set for preterm neonate and infant transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion.

Background

Transcatheter PDA occlusion in premature neonates and small infants is safe and effective. The procedure is early in its evolution.

Methods

Procedural and short‐term outcomes of preterm neonates and infants undergoing transcatheter PDA occlusion with a new, commercially available device were reviewed.

Results

Eight preterm neonates and infants born at median 27 weeks gestation (23–36 weeks) underwent transcatheter PDA device closure with the Micro Plug Set. The device is short (2.5 mm) with a range of diameters (3, 4, 5, 6 mm) and delivered through a microcatheter. Procedures were performed at median 41 days of age (12–88 days) and at 1690 g (760–3,310 g). Transvenous PDA device occlusion was performed with fluoroscopic and echocardiography guidance. All procedures were successful with complete PDA occlusion. There were no procedural or short‐term adverse events.

Conclusions

Preterm neonate and infant transcatheter PDA device closure with a new, commercially available short and microcatheter delivered device (Micro Plug Set) was safe and effective in a small, early series of patients.
Acute infective endocarditis masquerading as septic shock with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Davis John W. , Virk Fawad , Ahmad Masood
Published: September 2020

Any new pulmonary edema warrants an urgent rule out of acute cardiac dysfunction. Because sepsis protocols emphasize rapid stabilization and treatment over etiologic evaluation, some cases of endocarditis may be missed as sepsis with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Duodenal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in a patient with IgA deficiency
Authors: Ida Hanae , Maruyama Dai , Maeshima Akiko Miyagi , Kamiya Takahiro , Morio Tomohiro , Izutsu Koji
Published: September 2020

Most patients with IgA deficiency are asymptomatic, but duodenal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia is one symptom known to be associated with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), including selective IgA deficiency and agammaglobulinemia.
Novel treatment setup for urethral carcinoma radiotherapy: A complete response case report
Authors: Molana Seyed Hadi , Rostami Aram , Khajetash Benyamin , Arbabi Kalati Farshid , Tavakol Asieh , Zandi Hasan , Ghaderzadeh Anita , Akbari Mahmoudreza
Published: September 2020

A homemade personalized penis holder can provide the reproducibility of the penis during urethra carcinoma (UC) radiotherapy.
One‐Pot Synthesized Nickel‐Doped Hierarchically Porous Beta Zeolite for Enhanced Methanol Electrocatalytic Oxidation Activity
Authors: Wei Xinfa , Li Yan , Hua Zile , Chen Lisong , Shi Jianlin
Published: September 2020

Hierarchically porous zeolites have been widely explored for catalytic applications owing to their high specific surface area, large pore volume, favorable mass transfer capability and abundant acidic sites. Herein we report the facile synthesis of Ni‐doped hierarchically Beta zeolite (Ni−H‐beta) via one‐pot hydrothermal method, in which Ni is uniformly doped into the zeolite crystalline skeleton in the form of Ni3+ without any nickel oxides being found. The prepared Ni−H‐beta zeolite shows high performance towards the electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) with a high current density of 1450 A g−1 at 1.65 V vs RHE, which is higher than most non‐precious MOR electrocatalysts. More importantly, the electrochemical MOR performance has been identified to be closely related to the acidic property of the prepared samples. The increase in Al concentration resulted in the formation of strong acid sites, and the consequent MOR activity enhancement. These results provide valuable knowledge and favor the application of transition metals doped hierarchical zeolite for electrocatalytic MOR.
Nickel@Nickel Oxide Dendritic Architectures with Boosted Electrochemical Reactivity for Aqueous Nickel–Zinc Batteries
Authors: Wang Fuxin , Lu Yongzhuang , Zeng Siqi , Song Yin , Zheng Dezhou , Xu Wei , Lu Xihong
Published: September 2020

Rechargeable alkaline zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have gained extensive attention on account of their inexpensiveness, and high levels of safety and output voltage, but the lack of suitable cathode materials with high energy storage property and long cycle stability limits further development of ZIBs. Herein, we report an effective two‐step electrochemical approach to prepare Ni@NiO core‐shell dendritic architectures as cathode material for rechargeable alkaline ZIBs. Benefiting from the highly active NiO shell and unique core‐shell structure, this Ni@NiO electrode shows an excellent discharge capacity (0.112 mAh cm−2, at 4 mA cm−2) and a high rate capability (63.7 % capacity retention at 40 mA cm−2). Furthermore, the alkaline ZIBs with this Ni@NiO cathode also displays a high energy density of 0.193 mWh cm−2 and a remarkable power density of 65.0 mW cm−2.
Silver(I) Oxide‐/DBU‐Promoted Synthesis of Dihydrofuran Units through Allenyl Silver Formation
Authors: Yu Bao , Perfetto Anna , Allievi Luca , Dhambri Sabrina , Rager Marie‐Noelle , Selkti Mohamed , Ciofini Ilaria , Lannou Marie‐Isabelle , Sorin Geoffroy
Published: September 2020

A formal [3+2] cyclization mediated by silver(I) oxide and 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) is described herein. Through a broad variety of carbonyl compounds, this system can promote cyclization reactions with high yield (up to 85 %) and diastereoselectivity (up to 95:5) for a straightforward access to complex and congested dihydrofuran derivatives in one step under mild conditions. Based on DFT studies, the proposed mechanism would involve an allenyl silver intermediate.
Gold‐Catalyzed Oxidative Aminocyclizations of Propargyl Alcohols and Propargyl Amines to Form Two Distinct Azacyclic Products: Carbene Formation versus a 3,3‐Sigmatropic Shift of an Initial Intermediate
Authors: Sasane Amit Vijay , Raj Antony Sekar Kulandai , Chao Tzu‐Hsuan , Chen Mu‐Jeng , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: September 2020

Gold‐catalyzed oxidations of propargyl alcohols with nitrones by using a P(tBu)2(o‐biphenyl)Au+ catalyst, afforded bicyclic annulation products from the Mannich reactions of gold enolates. The same reactions of propargyl amines with nitrones by using the same gold catalyst gave distinct oxoarylation products. Our DFT calculations indicate that oxidation of propargyl alcohols with nitrones by using electron‐rich gold catalysts lead only to gold carbenes, which can generate gold enolates or oxoarylation intermediates with enolate species having a barrier smaller than that of oxoarylation species.
Environmental Behaviors and Biological Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials: Important Roles of Interfacial Interactions and Dissolved Organic Matter
Authors: Wang Yanlong , Lei Cheng , Lin Daohui
Published: September 2020

With the fast development of nanotechnology, reactive engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are increasingly discharged into the environment, where they interact with environmental components and organisms and thus pose potential risks. The interactions‐derived formation of nano‐environmental and nano‐bio interfaces determines environmental behaviors and biological effects of ENMs, and ubiquitous dissolved organic matter (DOM) is bound to impact the interfacial interactions and the resulted environmental risks. Herein, we systematically investigated adsorptive interactions between ENMs and various DOM representatives, and thereby demonstrated the effects of DOM on the aqueous suspension/aggregation, mobility in porous media, adsorption of contaminants, transformation, and biological accumulation and toxicity of ENMs. Overall, we conclude that natural DOM can in general expand environmental distribution of ENMs while limit their toxicity to organisms.

What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?

Nanomaterial pollution chemistry.

How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?

I started to work on nanomaterial pollution chemistry during my visiting scholar research (2006—2008) in UMass, Amherst, USA. There, I studied chemistry involved in environmental behaviors and biological effects of nanomaterials. Thereafter, this becomes the major research topic in my lab till now.

How do you supervise your students?

Talk and discuss with them about their research regularly. Being prepared before giving comments or suggestions on their research results to make my viewpoints helpful. Share relevant and latest references with them. Appropriately push them to read, think, and do more. Encourage them to ask more questions about experimental phenomena. Inspire their ambition to publish good papers and become good scientists.

What is the most important personality for scientific research?

Hungering for truth and novelty.
Et3N‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reactions of α‐(Trifluoromethyl)styrenes with 2,2,2‐Trifluorodiazoethane to Access Bis(trifluoromethyl)‐Substituted Pyrazolines
Authors: Li Chunmei , Zhang Xuxue , He Jingjing , Xu Sixue , Cao Song
Published: September 2020

Main observation and conclusion

A novel and practical method for the synthesis of 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazoles by [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of α‐(trifluoromethyl)styrenes with 2,2,2‐trifluorodiazoethane (CF3CHN2) has been developed. The cyclization reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of Et3N, affording a variety of bis(trifluoromethyl)‐substituted 2‐pyrazolines in good to excellent yields. This method also exhibits a broad substrate scope and tolerates various functional groups.
PharmGKB Tutorial for Pharmacogenomics of Drugs Potentially Used in the Context of COVID‐19
Authors: Huddart Rachel , Whirl‐Carrillo Michelle , Altman Russ B. , Klein Teri E.
Published: September 2020

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is a key area of precision medicine, which is already being implemented in some health systems and may help guide clinicians toward effective therapies for individual patients. Over the last 2 decades, the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) has built a unique repository of PGx knowledge, including annotations of clinical guideline and regulator‐approved drug labels in addition to evidence‐based drug pathways and annotations of the scientific literature. All of this knowledge is freely accessible on the PharmGKB website. In the first of a series of PharmGKB tutorials, we introduce the PharmGKB coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) portal and, using examples of drugs found in the portal, demonstrate some of the main features of PharmGKB. This paper is intended as a resource to help users become quickly acquainted with the wealth of information stored in PharmGKB.
A Multifunctional Triphenylamine–Benzothiazole Derivative with Blue‐Shifted Mechanochromism, Acidochromism and Amplified Spontaneous Emission
Authors: Fang Bing , Lai Liming , Chu Manman , Shi Yan , Yin Meizhen
Published: September 2020

A multifunctional triphenylamine (TPA) derivative P1 is synthesized, which contains a TPA skeleton and a benzothiazole group. P1 crystals show blue–green fluorescence and exhibit obviously blue‐shifted mechanochromism upon grinding. Analysis of crystal structures indicate that two adjacent antiparallel P1 molecules form strong intermolecular interactions and adopt a dimeric packing structure, which could be interrupted by mechanical stress, leading to blue‐shifted mechanochromism. Moreover, the proton‐donating acid effectively binds onto the benzothiazole moiety, which greatly enhances the electron‐accepting capacity of the benzothiazole moiety, leading to acidochromism with red‐shifted emission. Additionally, self‐assembled P1 microcrystals exhibit good optical waveguide features and this feature indicates P1 microcrystals serve simultaneously as gain materials and optical resonators for laser oscillation.
Does TMT composition matter to environmental policy and firm performance? The role of organizational slack
Authors: Lee Tingko , Liu Wei‐Tsung , Yu Jun‐Xian
Published: September 2020

This study examines the relationship between the heterogeneity of top management team (TMT) composition and firm performance by focusing on the mediating role of environmental policy: a greenhouse gas (GHG) emission strategy. Organizational slack is viewed as a moderating variable that influences the above mediated relationship. Based on data from Taiwanese public firms with CSR reports, it is found that TMT educational background heterogeneity and tenure heterogeneity negatively influence firm performance, and the GHG emission strategy mediates this relationship. Moreover, this study finds that unabsorbed slack significantly strengthens the influence of TMT educational background heterogeneity on the GHG emission strategy, and unabsorbed slack also moderates the mediation effect of the GHG emission strategy on the relationship between TMT educational background heterogeneity and firm performance. The theoretical and managerial implications of the results are discussed in the discussion section and conclusions of the study.
CD163 deficiency facilitates lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory responses and endotoxin shock in mice
Authors: Fujiwara Yukio , Ohnishi Koji , Horlad Hasita , Saito Yoichi , Shiraishi Daisuke , Takeya Hiroto , Yoshii Daiki , Kaieda Shinjiro , Hoshino Tomoaki , Komohara Yoshihiro
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Septic (or endotoxin) shock is a severe systemic inflammatory disease caused by bacteraemia or endotoxaemia. Although it is known that increased serum levels of CD163 are observed in septic/endotoxin shock patients, the exact function and significance of CD163 in macrophage activation remain unclear. Therefore, in the current study, we tested whether CD163 contributes to the pathogenesis of endotoxin shock in mice.

Methods and results

In samples obtained from autopsy, the number of CD163‐positive macrophages was increased in the kidney, liver, heart, bone marrow and spleen of patients who had died from septic/endotoxin shock when compared to patients who had died from other causes. The animal study revealed a significantly lower survival rate in CD163‐deficient mice after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Several cytokines and oxidative stress‐related molecules were significantly elevated in the sera of LPS‐induced endotoxin shock mice models. Higher concentrations of IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, nitrite () and nitrate () and a lower concentration of IL‐10 were observed in CD163‐deficient mice treated with LPS. Similar results were observed in CD163‐deficient LPS‐stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, in an antitype II collagen antibody‐induced arthritis (CAIA), rheumatoid arthritis model, inflammation and bone erosion scores as well as the expression of IL‐6 and IL‐1β were significantly increased in CD163‐deficient mice.

Conclusions

CD163 was suggested to be involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine expression in septic/endotoxin shock and CAIA.
Person‐centered profiles of parasympathetic physiology, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms in mothers and fathers of young children
Authors: Skoranski Amanda M. , Lunkenheimer Erika
Published: September 2020

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a biomarker of mental health, but RSA‐symptom relations in parents of young children are understudied. We examined how anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, resting RSA, and RSA reactivity during challenging parent–child interactions clustered in a community sample of mothers (N = 126) and fathers (N = 87) of 3‐year‐olds and whether profiles predicted child emotional and behavioral dysregulation at age 4. Mothers fit four profiles (Typical, Mild Risk, Moderate Risk/Withdrawal, and Moderate Risk/Augmentation), suggesting that RSA reactivity was distinct by predominant symptom type at higher levels of risk: specifically, heightened RSA withdrawal was associated with a higher probability of anxiety symptoms and RSA augmentation was associated with a higher probability of depressive symptoms. Fathers fit three profiles (Typical, Mild Risk, and Moderate Risk) where Moderate Risk was characterized by RSA augmentation and a higher probability of both anxiety and depressive symptoms. Mild risk profiles showed heightened resting RSA for mothers and fathers but no differences in RSA reactivity. Both mild and moderate risk profiles predicted higher child dysregulation 1 year later compared to typical profiles. Findings offer preliminary evidence that parasympathetic physiology covaries with symptoms differently for mothers and fathers and that parental profiles of physiology and symptoms inform children's developmental psychopathology.
A brain and a head for a different habitat: Size variation in four morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus(L.)) in a deep oligotrophic lake
Authors: Peris Tamayo Ana‐Maria , Devineau Olivier , Præbel Kim , Kahilainen Kimmo K. , Østbye Kjartan
Published: September 2020

Adaptive radiation is the diversification of species to different ecological niches and has repeatedly occurred in different salmonid fish of postglacial lakes. In Lake Tinnsjøen, one of the largest and deepest lakes in Norway, the salmonid fish, Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus(L.)), has likely radiated within 9,700 years after deglaciation into ecologically and genetically segregated Piscivore, Planktivore, Dwarf, and Abyssal morphs in the pelagial, littoral, shallow‐moderate profundal, and deep‐profundal habitats. We compared trait variation in the size of the head, the eye and olfactory organs, as well as the volumes of five brain regions of these four Arctic charr morphs. We hypothesised that specific habitat characteristics have promoted divergent body, head, and brain sizes related to utilized depth differing in environmental constraints (e.g., light, oxygen, pressure, temperature, and food quality). The most important ecomorphological variables differentiating morphs were eye area, habitat, and number of lamellae. The Abyssal morph living in the deepest areas of the lake had the smallest brain region volumes, head, and eye size. Comparing the olfactory bulb with the optic tectum in size, it was larger in the Abyssal morph than in the Piscivore morph. The Piscivore and Planktivore morphs that use more illuminated habitats have the largest optic tectum volume, followed by the Dwarf. The observed differences in body size and sensory capacities in terms of vision and olfaction in shallow and deepwater morphs likely relates to foraging and mating habitats in Lake Tinnsjøen. Further seasonal and experimental studies of brain volume in polymorphic species are needed to test the role of plasticity and adaptive evolution behind the observed differences.
Co‐occurrence history increases ecosystem stability and resilience in experimental plant communities
Authors: van Moorsel Sofia J. , Hahl Terhi , Petchey Owen L. , Ebeling Anne , Eisenhauer Nico , Schmid Bernhard , Wagg Cameron
Published: September 2020

Understanding factors that maintain ecosystem stability is critical in the face of environmental change. Experiments simulating species loss from grassland have shown that losing biodiversity decreases ecosystem stability. However, as the originally sown experimental communities with reduced biodiversity develop, plant evolutionary processes or the assembly of interacting soil organisms may allow ecosystems to increase stability over time. We explored such effects in a long‐term grassland biodiversity experiment with plant communities with either a history of co‐occurrence (selected communities) or no such history (naïve communities) over a 4‐yr period in which a major flood disturbance occurred. Comparing communities of identical species composition, we found that selected communities had temporally more stable biomass than naïve communities, especially at low species richness. Furthermore, selected communities showed greater biomass recovery after flooding, resulting in more stable post‐flood productivity. In contrast to a previous study, the positive diversity–stability relationship was maintained after the flooding. Our results were consistent across three soil treatments simulating the presence or absence of co‐selected microbial communities. We suggest that prolonged exposure of plant populations to a particular community context and abiotic site conditions can increase ecosystem temporal stability and resilience due to short‐term evolution. A history of co‐occurrence can in part compensate for species loss, as can high plant diversity in part compensate for the missing opportunity of such adaptive adjustments.