bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMALISASI PRODUKSI KERIPIK TALAS DAN KERIPIK PISANG DI DUKUH CEKEL JETIS SAPTOSARI GUNUNG KIDUL
Authors: Suwanda Totok , Krisdiyanto Krisdiyanto , Ardiyansyah Nur , Yudha Fitroh Anugrah Kusuma
Published: February 2023

The Community Partnership Program has a targeted community of Cekel artisans of taro chips and banana chips. The partners involved are banana chip business actors (Cakrawala All-Business Cooperative) and taro chips business (Zahra) in Cekel, Jetis Saptosari Gunung Kidul. The problems found in partners are slicing fried foods for too long and not optimal, banana mixes are not safe, knowledge of product variations is limited. The solution that can be done is product management counseling that will ensure the quality of handling banana chips and taro chips products. The provision of production equipment assistance will facilitate and speed up work so as to increase productivity. Taro stripping using a double blade, plowing using a chopper machine, slicing using a spinner. Production increased, sales increased. Increased production and sales will improve well-being. Increased insight and additional knowledge of diversification of processed banana, cassava, and peanut products. There is a transfer of technological innovations so as to increase the pace of production, product quality and work safety. There is an increase in the production rate occurring in the slicing process which originally took 30 minutes to 2 to 3 minutes. The improvement of product quality occurs by draining the oil of natural slicing residue using a spinner. Work safety is improved by avoiding oil splashes on the hands during banana plowing
PELATIHAN TEKNIS KEPARIWISATAAN DI DESA WISATA SUNGAI LANGKA DAN WIYONO
Authors: Ridwansyah Eksa , Cahyo Enggar Dwi , Siregar Damara Saputra , Astriyantika Meyliana , Rahman Anwar , Akmal Refdi
Published: February 2023

Looking at the potential for the development of the Wiyono and Sungai Langka tourist villages, the objectives of this activity are: 1) to train the community in compiling and packaging tourism package products; 2) train professional tour guides; 3) train homestay management. Methods The implementation of the activity is a participatory approach with lecture, discussion and direct practice methods. The result of this activity is an increase in the knowledge and ability of the community in the development of tourist villages. This increase is seen from the product components that have been identified to be included in the tour packages to be marketed, the list of names of people who are ready to become tour guides and ready to be certified for competence, as well as the existence of residents' homes that are ready to be managed into homestays as places for tourists to live. visit
Designing an Internal Evaluation Analysis Software for Basic Sciences Educational Groups
Authors: Rezaei Mohammad , Rezaei Mansour , Memar Eftekhari Lida
Published: February 2023

Background: Internal evaluations (IEs) are associated with various obstacles, including time consumption, high study costs, and extensive data analysis, requiring some educational groups (EG). Therefore, it is essential to provide a suitable solution to overcome these obstacles. Objectives: This study aimed to design and use Internal Evaluation Analysis Software for basic science educational groups (IESEG) at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS). Methods: This study tried to implement all the procedures necessary to conduct the IE of Basic sciences EGs in a particular software format. For this purpose, the MATLAB programming environment and its graphical interface were used for implementation after preparing the necessary standard procedures. The evaluation of the designed software, IESEG, was performed based on the results of several EGs by traditional (manual) and new software approaches. Results: Internal Evaluation Analysis Software for basic science educational groups showed that the calculation errors were reduced to zero during the IE process with the software compared to the manual method. In addition, the designed software could draw graphs and related tables to display the evaluation results. Conclusions: The use of designed software, IESEG, creates a systematic, uniform, and regular method of conducting IE. In addition, speeding up the IE and providing an accurate analysis are the benefits which increase the capabilities of the internal evaluation committees of EGs.
A Phase I Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study on Efficacy and Safety Profile of a Sublingually Administered Cannabidiol /Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabidiol (10: 1) Regimen in Diabetes Type 2 Patients
Authors: Afshar Shima , Khalili Shayesteh , Amin Gholamreza , Abbasinazari Mohammad
Published: February 2023

: The current study aimed to evaluate the safety profile and efficacy of a cannabis-based sublingual spray, CBDEX10® (containing 100 µg cannabidiol and 10 µg Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol per puff; CBD/Δ9-THC 10:1), in improving lipid profile and glycemic state of the diabetic patients. Fifty diabetic patients were randomly allocated to the treatment (n = 25; receiving two puffs of CBDEX10® twice daily) or the control groups (n = 25; receiving two puffs of placebo). The primary endpoint of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the CBDEX10® adjunctive therapy in improving the lipid profile and glycemic state of diabetic patients; the secondary endpoint was to assess the safety profile and tolerability of the spray. A statistically significant decline in total cholesterol [estimated treatment difference (ETD) = −19.73 mg/dL; P < 0.05], triglyceride (ETD = −27.84 mg/dL; P < 0.01), LDL-C (ETD = −5.37 mg/dL; P < 0.01), FBS (ETD = −12 mg/dL; P < 0.01), Hb A1C (ETD = −0.21 mg/dL; P < 0.01) and insulin secretion (ETD = -5.21 mIU/L; P < 0.01) was observable in the patients treated with CBDEX10® at the end of the 8-week treatment period. Regarding safety, the mentioned adjunctive regimen was well, and there were no serious or severe adverse effects. Overall, CBDEX1® sublingual spray could be a new therapeutic agent for lipid and glycemic control in diabetic patients.
Remote learning and examination based on augmented reality
Authors: Acevedo Reverón Aarón , Camilleri Christian , Raffalle Clifford de , Deguara David , Zammit Edwin , Smallegange Jan , Butnaru Adrian , Mora Luis Carlos
Published: February 2023

Remote Learning and Examination based on Augmented Reality (RELAR) is a European Erasmus+ project (2020-1-NL01-KA226-VET-083043) that aims to create a crisis-proof resilient education environment, enabling remote coaching and digital skills training based on AR. RELAR integrates seven European partners –Vocational Training Institutions and Higher Education Institutions– all linked to the maritime industry. The industry itself is also represented. With the help of a reference group, a set of learning outcomes has been defined to develop three demo scenarios to test and demonstrate the RELAR system, which is based on the RealWear HMT-1 assisted reality hands-free computer. All scenarios are scaffolded on the same framework that integrates active learning pedagogy, curriculum requirements and technological integration. This digital active learning process pedagogy incorporates two processes for instruction: a remote instruction process called ‘Expert Coaching’ that gives the students the possibility of receiving instant feedback while taking actions and decisions; and a remote assessment process named ‘Digital Workflow’ that incorporates formative assessment to consolidate learning. The curricular aspect focuses on the professional competencies students will acquire, the expected learning outcomes, the required knowledge, and the transferable skills required by students to perform professionally. Finally, technological integration describes how and when the assisted reality system should be incorporated to add value to the learning process. This paper describes the work in the learning spaces currently under development by the partnership based on the same methodological and pedagogical foundations.
The Berlin ethics certificate: conceptualizing interdisciplinarity as a core building block of ethics in engineering education
Authors: Ammon Sabine , Kljagin Alexandra , Rettschlag Juliane , Vortel Martina
Published: February 2023

To address the need for more responsible research and innovation, there is a growing call to integrate ethics education across the science and engineering curriculum. Accordingly, ethics education must not be limited to the avoidance of scientific misconduct but rather be oriented toward addressing the complexity of planetary challenges and realizing social good. Designing curricula to accommodate the ambition of integrated ethics, however, remains a great institutional and epistemic challenge. In this paper, we introduce the Berlin Ethics Certificate (BEC) at the Technical University of Berlin, to demonstrate how this challenge can be addressed by using interdisciplinarity as a core building block of integrated ethics education. The BEC’s unique approach to ethics education enables the positioning of ethical issues in all study programs within the university by designing futureoriented interdisciplinary courses open to all students, be they from the humanities, natural or engineering sciences. The paper outlines the BEC’s conceptualization of interdisciplinarity, ultimately arguing that interdisciplinary ethics education must be built upon the epistemic practice of situating knowledge. Methodologically, we show how the BEC approaches integrated ethics education through three iterative steps: 1) situating disciplinary knowledge in relation to other forms of knowledge, values and experiences (by focusing on multidisciplinary learning experiences), 2) establishing a common epistemic practice of collaboration (by focusing on interdisciplinary learning experiences), and 3) actively engaging with non-academic stakeholders to create responsible technology and take ethical action beyond the university (by focusing on transdisciplinary learning experiences). Examples of how the BEC implements this methodology are shown, which may serve as suggestions of best practices in integrated ethics education.
Analysis of The Meanings of Prepositions In Surat Al-Sajadah
Authors: Mustaqim Mustaqim , Arifin Zainal , Mukit Abdul , Kholik Abd
Published: February 2023

Surat Al-Sajdah from one of the chapters that was found in the twenty-fourth volume. It has ninety-six, and it is Makkah al-Nuzul, and it contains many prepositions that have different meanings, and they need to be researched to know the meanings of the guaranteed verse. Knowing the meanings of prepositions has a strong relationship with the meanings of profanity and the word. As for the research methodology, this research is some of the types of library research. What is meant by library research is the research in which the researcher works in or outside the library for all facts or data from the types of books. As for the result that the researcher found in this study about the verses that contain prepositions in Surat Al-Sajdah, they are the letter “from” and the letter “lam” and the letter “in” and the letter “baa” and the letter “to” and the letter “on” and the letter “a.” It has different meanings such as a statement of gender, superfluous, adverbial, substituting the beginning of the purpose in place, metaphorical spatial circumstance, circumstantial real time, circumstantial real spatial, supremacy, simile, causation, concomitant, transcendent metaphorical supremacy.
Characteristics and Beauty of Modern Poetry by Ibn Zaidun
Authors: Nuruddin Ahmad , Syaifuddin A.
Published: February 2023

This study aims to analyze the characteristics and beauty of modern poetry by Ibn Zaidun, who was one of the leading poets in modern times in Andalusia during the reign of the Umayyads. This research is a library research with a qualitative descriptive research method. The data and data sources are words or sentences that are included in the poetry section of Ibn Zaidun's work. In this study, we will discuss in detail the characteristics and beauty of Ibn Zaidun's poetry. The results of this study indicate that Ibn Zaidun is a poet who writes a lot about love poetry (al-Ghazal), even though this poem still contains sub-themes such as praise (al-Madh). Of the several themes of this poem, Walladah is the one who inspired the writing of Ibn Zaidun's poems. The form of the beauty of poetry that will be studied is in terms of theme, emotion ('athifah), imagination (khayāl), style of language and poetry of poetry which includes the science of balaghah, 'arudl, and qawafi. It is from these studies that the beauty of the language of Ibn Zaidun's poetry will be seen, so that we can find out the form of the beauty of the famous poetry at that time.
Pragmatics In The Translation Of Taqdim Verses In The Quran Juz 30
Authors: Nurmala Mia , Al-Farisi Muhammad Zaka
Published: February 2023

Pragmatic sentences are contained in verses of the Qur'an that have a distinctive style of language and nuance of sentences. Taqdim or precedence becomes its own beauty in the order of the word style of Al-Quran. In addition to the beauty of the style of language has a goal or meaning that will affect its readers. However, this may not be achieved well in a translation because of the lack of understanding. Therefore this study aims to present the pragmatic translation of taqdim on muta'aliqat jar from amilnya in Al-Quran Juz 30. The research method used is literature study method with purposive research design. The results of this research on Juz 30 indicate the beauty of the style of Al-Quran language that has its own meaning and purpose. The purpose of taqdim on muta'aliqat jar from its amil among others istikhshash, ta'lilul adzab akbar, tasydidul wa'id.
Al-Muhassinat Al-Badi'iyah in the Book of Love in the Qur'an by Muhammad Saeed Ramadan Al-Bouti
Authors: Muis Muhsin , Faruq Umarul
Published: February 2023

: Rhetoric is the highest level of linguistic sciences. The lowest level of speech is that which begins with words that indicate their specific meanings, then it gradually reaches the eloquent word and the eloquent phrase. This research reveals the ingenious benefactors and their types contained in the book "Love in the Qur'an according to Muhammad Saeed Ramadan Al-Bouti". The data collection method used is a library method, and the results of the research come as follows: Anaphora in two ten places, division in one place, and interview in one place.
The Semantics of the Oath in the Holy Qur’an, Surat al-Tin
Authors: Al-Ansi Abdel Salam Hammoud Ghaleb
Published: February 2023

The section in the Holy Quran of the Arabic methods used largely in the Holy Quran and has specific structures and tools, and also has a clear significance and connotations indicating the importance of the divider and its status as well as attract the attention of the listener to what will be mentioned of the words follow the oath, and this method was used by the Arabs and significantly had an impact in the ears of the hearers in the days of the Prophet peace be upon him as well as the section comes to confirm the saying and install him, it is worth us to search and enrich the subject  With regard to the semantics of the section in the Holy Qur'an in general and in particular in Surat Al-Tin, and its section with four things mentioned in the surah . There is no doubt and no doubt that the divided by it in Surat Al-Tin has clear connotations and great importance Ford oath by God Almighty, and some understood those connotations and ignorance of some, and some did not imagine the status and importance of figs and olives as a scientific aspect after the development of science and global openness today, scientists discovered today new properties and features in figs and olives as well as the medical benefits of them and this is one of the implications of the section of the thing for its status and importance has been known by some and absent from some has used the researcher The inductive approach as well as descriptive and analytical to discuss the semantics of the section models applied in the form of figs, and the research leads us to the existence of importance and clear indications of what has been sworn in Surat figs, whether the medical benefit of figs and olives, as well as the aspect of security and safety and its importance to human life, what God swore by in his book was not in vain or neglected, and modern science is still discovering scientific implications of what God swore by in his book in various cosmic fields and others.
The CTSimU software toolbox for CT-related image processing and quality assessment
Authors:   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Plotzki David ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Hartlaub Bendix ,   Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Borges de Oliveira Fabrício ,   University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Reuter Tamara ,   University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Wohlgemuth Florian ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Bellon Carsten ,   University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hausotte Tino
Published: February 2023

A software toolbox is introduced that addresses several needs common to computed tomography (CT). Built for the WIPANO CTSimU project [1] to serve as the reference implementation for its image processing and evaluation tasks, it provides a Python 3 interface that is adaptable to many conceivable applications. Foremost, the toolbox features a pipeline architecture for sequential 2D image processing tasks, such as flat field corrections and image binning, and enables the user to create their own processing modules. Beyond that, it provides means to measure line profiles and image quality assessment algorithms to calculate modulation transfer functions (MTF) or to determine the interpolated basic spatial resolution (iSRb) using a duplex wire image [2]. It can also be used to calculate projection matrices for the reconstruction of scans with arbitrary industrial CT geometries and trajectories. The CTSimU project defined a framework of projection- and volume-based test scenarios [3] for the qualification of radiographic simulation software towards its use in dimensional metrology. The toolbox implements the necessary evaluation routines and generates reports for all projection-based tests.
Quantum Computing and Computed Tomography: A Roadmap towards QuantumCT
Authors:   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Schielein Richard ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Basting Melanie ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Dremel Kilian ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Firsching Markus ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Fuchs Theobald ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Graetz Jonas ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Kasperl Stefan ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Prjamkov Dimitri ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Semmler Simon ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Suth Daniel ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Weule Mareike
Published: February 2023

Quantum computing (QC) is considered as a rising star of computing technologies with very promising possibilities towards novel solutions of even more complex computing tasks than those which are tackled using today’s supercomputers. However, direct use in everyday applications is lacking both: large scale quantum computers and quantum algorithms, i.e. software. We are carrying out the first project on a road towards QC enabled Computed Tomography (CT). In our paper we present this project after its first out of five years duration and share the first steps we made with the community. It is worth to mention that the hardware for QC is still in a phase of development, which implies that most of the software research is in a phase of becoming ready for productional use cases.
Cross-Virtuality Analysis of Rich X-Ray Computed Tomography Data for Materials Science Applications
Authors:   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Gall Alexander ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Fröhler Bernhard ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Maurer Julia ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Kastner Johann ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Heinzl Christoph
Published: February 2023

This work explores combining classical desktop-based analysis systems with virtual reality. In this context, we provide a system for exploring objects, in particular fibers and pores, along with their characteristics, such as length, orientation, or shape. This system employs visualization methods in virtual reality focusing on the detailed spatial impression, combined with desktop-based methods focusing on analyzing characteristics and their distributions. We provide two case studies based on fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) datasets, showcasing the potential of our system. One case study analyzes FRP containing short, strongly curved PET fibers, a second one utilizes the prototype to explore elliptic pores inside an FRP dataset. Our preliminary results show that the addition of virtual reality to the classical desktop-based workflow can enhance the spatial understanding of the dataset, as well as foster engagement with the data.
Degree of local symmetry for geometry-aware selective part visualization on CT volume data
Authors:   The University of Tokyo, Yasunami Nobumichi ,   The University of Tokyo, Yatagawa Tatsuya ,   The University of Tokyo, Ohtake Yutaka ,   The University of Tokyo, Suzuki Hiromasa
Published: February 2023

Visualization of a complex assembly in a large CT volume is essentially a difficult task because its component parts are often made of materials with similar X-ray attenuation factors. To address this problem, we propose a new voxel attribute, i.e., a degree of local symmetry (DLS), to visualize specific parts based on their local geometric features. The DLS represents a dimensionality of the manifold around a voxel, and for instance, that for a surface will be 2. For a volume data, the DLS values are first computed for voxels on its medial axes, and are then propagated to entire voxels. In this paper, we demonstrate that the DLS works significantly well to selectively visualizing the parts in various assemblies such as a car model.
Evaluation of X-ray computed tomography for surface texture measurements using a prototype additively manufactured reference standard
Authors:   National Physical Laboratory (NPL), SUN Wenjuan ,   National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Chen Xiao ,   Cranfield University, Giusca Claudiu ,   University of Huddersfield, Lou Shan ,   National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Jones Christopher ,   National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Boulter Hal ,   National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Brown Stephen
Published: February 2023

Additively manufactured (AM) components have complex surface textures compared with conventionally machined surfaces. There is an increasing demand from AM industry for reference standards to calibrate instruments for AM surface inspection; this is particularly important in application areas such as aerospace, where the failure of a mission-critical part can have dire safety consequences. Many AM surfaces have re-entrant features and internal surfaces and, therefore, are difficult or impossible to be accessed by conventional measurement techniques. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is an emerging technology that is capable of measuring AM surfaces. However, the metrology framework of the technology is still under development. Recently, we have explored the calibration of XCT for surface texture evaluation using a reference standard with a unique design. The prototype surface texture reference standard has surfaces with varying roughness levels and has been designed for compatibility between profile and areal topography measuring instruments and tomography instruments. The measurement traceability of surface texture using XCT has been established for profile measurements via a calibrated contact measurement technique. This paper has further investigated the impact of sampling strategy in calibration. This preliminary study is to investigate the ability of XCT to evaluate the AM surface texture in different build orientations, where the surfaces may have limited evaluation length.
CT-based method to measure metal powder characteristics and to study their influence on the quality of additively manufactured parts
Authors:   University of Padova (UNIPD), Zanini Filippo ,   University of Padova (UNIPD), Buzzacchera Nicola ,   University of Padova (UNIPD), Carmignato Simone
Published: February 2023

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is increasingly used to produce metal industrial components for high value-added sectors, such as aerospace, automotive and biomedical. However, mechanical and structural properties of LPBF parts are often hindered by the large quality variability, poor geometrical and dimensional characteristics, complex surface texture and low density. The quality of the feedstock material is an important aspect to be taken into account, as it significantly influences such possible issues. In particular, metal powder used in LPBF should have shape and size distribution designed to facilitate good flowability, spreading and packing behaviour, so that the final fabricated parts have acceptable density, surface finish and mechanical properties. This work focuses on the accuracy of simultaneous measurement of powder size and shape from three-dimensional reconstructions obtained by X-ray computed tomography (CT). Results of CT measurements are compared with results from other methods based on laser diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Different materials and powder morphologies were investigated. In addition, the CT-measured powder characteristics can be used to improve other CT analyses of LPBF parts.
On the use of X-ray microtomography to control artificial defect geometries produced by metal additive manufacturing
Authors:   IRT Saint Exupéry, Lesseur Julien ,   IRT Saint Exupéry, Tranchand Benoit
Published: February 2023

In the field of metal additive manufacturing (AM), defect control and monitoring is a crucial issue regarding recent developments for aeronautics and aerospace applications, especially for mechanical performances and quality control. The present work addresses methodologies to build specific geometries of defects using various metal additive manufacturing processes and basedmaterials. X-Ray Microtomography is used to validate the methodologies, control the reproductibility and positioning of the defects, and define the minimal achievable defects size. Hot Isostatique Pressing is applied to the samples to close the pores. The final microstructure is then compared to the as-built one. Generated pore geometries will be used as building models to study the impact of pore shape and position on mechanical properties.
Towards lab-based X-ray scattering tensor tomography with circular gratings
Authors:   Xnovo Technology, Slyamov Azat ,   ETH Zürich, Kim Jisoo ,   Xnovo Technology, Pedersen Mads A. ,   Xnovo Technology, Nielsen Kenneth K. ,   Xnovo Technology, Pedersen Anders F. ,   Xnovo Technology, Ramos Tiago ,   California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Kagias Matias ,   Xnovo Technology, Lauridsen Erik
Published: February 2023

Reinforcement of the polymer matrix in injection-molded plastics with fibers of various kinds can improve their mechanical properties. The resulting polymer composite material provides exceptional load-bearing capabilities with flexibility in the molding of complex-shaped components. Mechanical properties of short-fiber-reinforced polymers are highly dependent on the fiber orientation in the matrix. Lack of maturity of injection molding simulation frameworks limits prediction of the complex flow patterns during injection molding, while the requirement for resolving individual fibers in conventional imaging methods significantly restricts the imaged field-of-view. Here we demonstrate 3D characterization of the fiber orientation in a complete FRP component enabled by a novel technique of X-ray tensor tomography. The obtained fiber orientation reconstruction can be efficiently used in reverse engineering applications, serving as a reference for simulations.
4D-XCT and Digital Volume Correlation of Flax Fibre Composites Under Compressive Load After Relaxation
Authors:   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Prapavesis Alexandros ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Soete Jeroen ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Vanhulst Johan ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Mehdikhani Mahoor ,   Tampere University of Technology, Sarlin Essi ,   Tampere University of Technology, Kallio Pasi ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Seveno David ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Wevers Martine ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Van Vuure Aart Willem
Published: February 2023

In-situ testing capabilities of lab-scale industrial computed tomography are rapidly improving. In the present study, the compressive deformation behaviour of a flax fibre-reinforced epoxy composite is studied in an in-situ compression test with stepwise loading, during 3D imaging with X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT). The 3D volumes are processed with Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) to identify the deformation of each loading step. The natural variability of the flax texture served as an adequate speckle pattern for DVC. The precision and accuracy of the DVC were investigated prior to the analysis of the deformation volumes by digitally deforming the reference undeformed volume with a known strain of 2 %. The calculated global strain was in good agreement with the digitally applied strain. Subsequently, DVC was applied to the acquired reference and deformed volumes and the analysis was focused on the 3D strain field evolution between the consecutive loading steps. Strain localization regions were observed in the axial strain εzz and the in-plane strain εxx. In the subsequent loading steps, the onset of compressive fibre-kinking is observed as a rotating fibre inside the magnified strain region. The 3D strain field evolution allows for a better understanding of the deformation and failure mechanisms at the meso/micro-scale in natural fibre reinforced composites under compressive loads.
In situ tensile testing of short glass fibre reinforced polymers with different fibre orientations: investigation of local strain and defect formation
Authors:   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Maurer Julia ,   Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Salaberger Dietmar ,   Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Jerabek Michael ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Kastner Johann ,   Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Major Zoltan
Published: February 2023

Knowledge of the mechanical behavior, especially at the microscale level, is of great importance to better understand the failure mechanisms of injection molded glass fiber reinforced polymers. Furthermore, knowledge about deformation and damage processes help to improve the quality of structural simulations leading to reduced safety margin and optimized lightweight design. Interrupted in situ tensile testing by X-ray computed tomography allows for a stepwise, time depending investigation of the local strain and defect formation. The objective of this work is the determination of local strains by Digital Volume Correlation and the defect segmentation and characterization. The obtained results were analysed in context of the fibre orientation distribution and show good agreement with the theoretical considerations.
Virtual CT test environment used to study the effect of individual influence factors
Authors:   Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Baldo Crhistian Raffaelo ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Dewulf Wim
Published: February 2023

Computed Tomography (CT) features a complex measurement chain and the measurement accuracy relies on selecting suitable scan parameters, which are very dependent on the measuring task. To develop a broader understanding of the effect of a given influence factor on the measurement of dimensional features, through a what-if analysis, the use of computer simulation has to be considered as a reasonable alternative to the analytical and experimental approaches. In this regard, this research focuses on the construction of a digital twin of a CT instrument designed for dimensional measurement using a commercial simulation tool and the utilization of the virtual measurement scene to increase the understanding of the relationships between input parameters and dimensional quantities of a mechanical test object. The main outcomes of the performed simulation-based sensitivity analysis and their correlation with some results obtained with the physical CT instrument are described as well.
Novel dedicated reference standards for the qualification of radiography-based computed tomography simulation software
Authors:   Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Borges de Oliveira Fabrício ,   University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Reuter Tamara ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Plotzki David ,   Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bartscher Markus ,   University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hausotte Tino
Published: February 2023

This contribution presents a set of largely novel reference standards specially designed for testing different important physical effects and functionalities of radiography-based computed tomography (CT) simulation software. These standards were developed within the scope of the German cooperation project “CTSimU – Radiographic Computed Tomography Simulation for Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation” [1] and serve as tools for the basic qualification of the sufficient physical correctness and required features of simulation software of CT-based coordinate measurement systems (CMSs) via the analyses either of 2D projection images only or of full CT scans. The results serve as input to the German standardisation committee for the development of a new national VDI/VDE guideline in the series VDI/VDE 2630 dealing with the basic qualification aspect of CT simulation software and shall lay ground for the measurement uncertainty determination of dimensional measurements using CT.
Comparison of defect detectability between Computed Tomography inspection and CT simulation using a calibrated defect phantom
Authors:   Center for Advanced Aerospace Technologies (FADA-CATEC), Galleguillos Carlos ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Senck Sascha ,   Center for Advanced Aerospace Technologies (FADA-CATEC), Vilches Celia ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Rendl Sarah ,   Center for Advanced Aerospace Technologies (FADA-CATEC), Lasagni Fernando
Published: February 2023

The usage of metal Additive Manufactured (AM) components is growing in aerospace industry since the establishment of quality standards and due to the current maturity of the manufacturing systems, processing route, and inspection methodology. Moreover, possibilities of designing complex shapes by using 3D-printers enables design engineers to build lightweight structures and/or increase part functionality. However, the freedom in design is often a challenge for non-destructive testing (NDT), especially in parts with limited access, non-flat surfaces, etc. Therefore, there are few NDT methods which can be applied on such complex 3D geometries and capable of inspecting the whole part volume. Computed Tomography (CT) and Digital Xray methods are the most relevant ones offering rich information of inner defectology and the outer geometrical metrology. Simulation tools regarding manufacturing process and mechanical behavior are already considered as part of the definition phase of AM components and utilized as inputs in the design loop. However, inspectionability issues are mainly considered during the quality assurance phase. Therefore, inspection problems related with the detectability of defects above the part allowable can appear once the part have been designed, validated, and manufactured. On the other hand, tools that perform numerical simulations of X-ray imaging like SimCT could be a valuable source of additional information [1]. Firstly, for the users of XRay imaging devices in order to set up best inspection parameters and system configuration [2, 3]. Secondly, for producing CT simulations which can evaluate the inspectionability of a part, avoiding non-inspectionable regions limited by the inspection method. In this way, this information can be introduced for validating the part design for instance at PDR (Preliminary Design Review) and later at CDR (Critical Design Review) levels. In this work, an aluminum Image Quality Indicator (IQI) with calibrated defects has been analyzed with both real and simulated CT scans using different physical resolutions. In this way, a comprensive analysis for determining the limits of defect detectability by comparing both simultaion and test results has been developed. Defects of 100, 200 and 500µm diameter have been evaluated, corresponding to aerospace allowable for pores in AM hardware, depending on part criticality.
Influence of workpiece orientation for multimaterial measurements in dimensional computed tomography
Authors:   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Höger Katja ,   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Schild Leonard ,   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Lanza Gisela
Published: February 2023

Computed tomography (CT) is a flexible measurement method for a variety of metrological tasks. However, to achieve reliable and accurate measurements, interrelated setting parameters must be chosen. The workpiece orientation is one of such parameters, especially for multimaterials. Current approaches to support optimal orientation do not adequately consider the effect on accuracy in complex measurement tasks. Additionally, only few experimental studies provide the therefore necessary insights. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the influence of orientation of a multimaterial workpiece on the subsequent evaluation and measurement process. For this purpose, a workpiece containing multiple features was scanned in a total of 14 orientation configurations and the resulting effects on both image (based on contrast-to-noise-ratio) and measurement quality (based on measurement accuracy) were investigated. It was shown that components measurable in the medium power range of a CT system have a wide range of optimal angles for optimal orientation. The image quality is suited for its identification.
Deep Learning for improving the efficiency of dimensional measurement workflows with high-resolution X-ray computed tomography
Authors:   Argonne National Laboratory, Tekawade Aniket ,   Carl Zeiss Industrial Metrology, Villarraga-Gómez Herminso ,   Carl Zeiss X-ray Microscopy, Andrew Matthew ,   Argonne National Laboratory, Moon Chi Young ,   Argonne National Laboratory, Powell Christopher
Published: February 2023

High-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) instruments, also known as three-dimensional (3D) X-ray microscopes, can be adapted for dimensional metrology applications such as geometric dimensioning and tolerancing of metallic components. However, CT scanning times can be prohibitively high for industrial measurement inspection tasks owing to the poor contrast from X-ray attenuation in Ferrous metals, especially if the measurement of spatial resolutions under 5 µm are required. This paper describes a software-defined approach to dramatically reducing total exposure time (or scanning time) while maintaining resolution loss within 2 micrometers as compared to the baseline scans acquired over 6 hours. Here, we combine two deep learning (DL) codes in our surface extraction workflow to compensate for lower signal-to-noise ratio in short exposure data (acquired with lower number of projections): (1) a surface determination (post-reconstruction) , and (2) a denoising algorithm (pre-reconstruction). Training data was acquired from a scan of an 8-hole automotive fuel injector (sample 1) with a 165 µm nominal diameter per hole. For testing the accuracy of the workflow, a separate scan of a 6-hole side-mount injector (sample 2) was acquired. For both samples, the acquired X-ray projections (or radiographs) were binned down to 10X such as to simulate faster scans. For training and testing workflows, the full exposure scans (baseline) were used as target and the shorter exposure scans as inputs to the deep learning models. To determine loss of surface accuracy from the baseline case, a metric is formulated (in micrometers) and the trends are reported for when the total measurement time was reduced by up to 10X (up to 0.6 hours, using only 360 projections). We report that scan times can be reduced by over 10X while retaining the limiting the resolution loss to under 1 micrometer.
Optimization and determination of the volume structural resolution of a coordinate measuring system with sub-micrometer X-ray tube
Authors:   Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Stopp Lukas Joachim ,   Werth Messtechnik GmbH, Sprankel Henrik ,   Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU) former Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Seewig Jörg ,   Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU) former Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Nikolaus Kai ,   Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU) former Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Antonyuk Sergiy ,   Werth Messtechnik GmbH, Christoph Raoul ,   Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Weise Hartmut
Published: February 2023

Coordinate measuring systems with sub-micrometer X-ray tubes require both correction of geometry deviations and correction of drift to achieve the theoretically achievable structural resolution, which results from the focal spot size, the imaging properties of the detector and the projection geometry. A new method for the determination of the volume structural resolution from reconstructed volume data is presented. Using this method, it was shown on an example that the theoretically achievable volume structural resolution of the measuring system is reached by applying geometry and drift correction.
Improving template-based CT data evaluation by integrating CMM reference data into a CAD model-based high fidelity triangle mesh
Authors:   University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Müller Andreas Michael ,   University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hausotte Tino
Published: February 2023

One of the key characteristics of dimensional X-ray computed tomography (CT) is the possibility of complete capturing of all interfaces of the measurement object with its environment (atmosphere and clamping contact points) and itself (in case of certain multi-material conditions and pores). This property distinguishes CT from optical measurement systems (e.g. structured-light scanning), which in general lack the capability to capture the clamping surfaces without additional expenses into additional positioning and referencing measures. Therefore, CT data is in general well suited for data template-based1 measurement data evaluation (in this context also known as nominal-actual comparison) because the whole surface of the measurement object is captured it is straightforeward to identify critical surface regions. In practice (e.g. as described in [2]), a nominal-actual comparison is usually conducted by aligning the measured geometry with the nominal geometry (CAD model) of the measurement object, followed by the calculation of the local distance field. Following this approach, it is not possible to separate measurement errors introduced by the measuring system and production deviations introduced by the workpiece. Therefore, the approach is less suited for a thorough measurment system analysis. Tactile probing is well established in dimensional metrology [3] and tactile coordinate measuring systems (CMS) perform highly accurate measurements on various workpieces [4, 5]. Furthermore, the simulation of the measurement evaluates the task specific measurment uncertainty [6]. Nevertheless, only a limited number of measurment points is captured by a tactile CMS and some features might not be accessible. This contribution demonstrates a method to integrate point cloud CMM (reference measurement) data into the CAD model of a workpiece in order to create a hybrid CAD/CMM model represented by a high fidelity triangle mesh, which can be used for further evaluation [7– 9] of the local measurement uncertainty characteristics of the measurement task as well as for standard nominal-actual comparisons. Additionally, as a necessary pre-processing step, a method to transform a CAD model into a triangle mesh with user-defined sampling point density is presented, such that each triangle edge point lies exactly on the CAD model surface. This represents the prerequisite for correct nominal-actual comparisons with triangle meshes used as nominal geometry.
Analytic derivatives of scaling motion-compensated projection operators for dynamic computed tomography
Authors:   University of Antwerpen, Nguyen Anh-Tuan ,   University of Antwerpen, Renders Jens ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Soete Jeroen ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Wevers Martine ,   University of Antwerpen, Sijbers Jan ,   University of Antwerpen, De Beenhouwer Jan
Published: February 2023

This work presents an iterative method in dynamic computed tomography (dynamic CT) which enables accurate reconstruction and scaling correction simultaneously. Recent achievements in dynamic CT have shown the feasibility of reconstructing an image of an object while simultaneously estimating its temporal deformation model parameters. Those approaches consider a mathematical minimization problem whose objective function depends on the reconstruction as well as on the deformation parameters corresponding to the motion model, mostly represented by affine transformations. Nonetheless, they lack a validation on non-rigid motion models wherein the motion is estimated by an objective function whose partial derivatives toward motion parameters are analytical. In this work, those operators are given exactly. Results from simulation and real data experiments show that the blurring artifacts caused by the motion are largely reduced.
Geometric qualification for robot CT with flexible trajectories
Authors:   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Kang Risheng ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Probst Gabriel Maurício ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Vlaeyen Michiel ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Fei Guanghai ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Guerrero Patricio ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Haitjema Han ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Slaets Peter ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Dewulf Wim
Published: February 2023

Robot CT systems bring great flexibility to X-ray CT based inspection scans. The system geometry needs to be well calibrated in order to avoid serious artifacts in the reconstructed volume. However, conventional calibration methods are normally designed for circular paths, which may be insufficient for a robot CT system. This paper proposes a phantom based geometric qualification method which supports nearly any view points. This is achieved by automatically mapping 3D-2D features based on collinear markers. The position and orientation of the X-ray focal spot and the detector are determined for each image of the reference phantom. This can be used for the CT reconstructions of later scans with the same trajectory. It is also possible to use the acquired geometries parameters to calibrate the underlying robots. The approach is validated on experimentally acquired data and the uncertainty is estimated by a Monte-Carlo based method.