bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of obstetric hemorrhage; an observational study highlighting the efficacy of uterine artery ligation
Authors: Ghouri Ambreen , Mushtaq Bushra , Ahmed Azra , Dalwani Najma , Bai Padma , Tariq Anas Bin
Published: May 2020

Background: Obstetrical hemorrhage is leading cause of maternal mortality. UAE is termed safe and effective method for resolving hemorrhage. objective of this study was to determine efficacy of uterine artery ligation in management of obstetrical hemorrhage.Methods: This cross sectional observational using non-probability convenient sampling technique was carried out for six months. After ethical approval, females between 18 to 35 years diagnosed with obstetrical hemorrhage, uterine atony refractory to medical treatment, having active bleeding from placental side or having normal coagulation profile were while females with post-partum hemorrhage because of retained products of conception, due to genital tract trauma or with disseminated intravascular coagulation were excluded. Analysis of data was done using SPSS version 23.0. Quantitative variables were reported as mean and standard deviation and for qualitative variables, frequency and percentages. Chi-square test was applied keeping p-value of <0.05 as statistically significant.Results: From 109 females with mean age 47±5.25 years. In comparison of parity distribution, 62 (56.88%) were multiparous and 47 (43.12%) were primiparous. Type of bleeding observed was antepartum 36(33.03%), peripartum 39 (35.78%) and postpartum in 34 (31.19%). Efficacy of uterine artery ligation in management of obstetric hemorrhage was observed to be 35 (32.11%). The efficacy of uterine artery ligation in management of obstetric hemorrhage in three categories of age groups reported significant association (p=0.0005) and type of bleeding (p=0.025).Conclusions: Efficacy of UAE in different types of obstetrical hemorrhage reported in our study was lower than expected in about one-third of females.
Neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease: a literature review
Authors: Tedyanto Eric Hartono , Widjaja Febe Alodia , Dewi Untari Ni Komang Sri
Published: May 2020

In December 2019, coronavirus pandemic re-emerged. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the causation in series of acute pneumonia cases discovered in Wuhan in Hubei Province, China. This disease is officially named COVID-19 by WHO. Symptoms manifestation of COVID-19 range from fever, malaise, myalgia, headache, to respiratory system symptoms of cough, stuffy/runny nose, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, it may result in ARDS. A case study has reported that COVID-19 may also have cardiovascular manifestation, i.e. life threatening arrhythmia. Although COVID-19 is a respiratory infection and cardiovascular event is the main cause of fatality, medical professionals must understand its neurological complications in order to reduce mortality rate in infected patients. Further researches on specific risk factors or determinant protective factors from the neurological symptoms are needed to reduce risk of complication in COVID-19 infection cases.
Oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices as risk factors for breast and cervical cancers: a systematic review
Authors: Murithi Mary K. , Ogeto Teresa K. , Walekhwa Michael N. , Njunge Richard K. , Lagat Micah K. , Malago Zablon L.
Published: May 2020

Breast and cervical cancers have commandingly become major public health threats across the world. While studies have reported on the nexus between the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and intrauterine devices (IUDs) as risk factors for breast and cervical cancers, there exists a paucity of explicit data on the nature of the association. Authors report the effect of oral contraceptives and the use of IUDs on the development of breast and cervical cancers. Several databases (Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and PubMed) were searched using well-specified criteria and a total of 15 papers selected. Meta-analyses, systematic reviews and studies that used cross-sectional designs were excluded from the review. Three and twelve cohort and case-control studies were reviewed respectively. Four of these studies reported an increased association between oral contraceptives and the risk of cervical cancer while nine showed positive correlation between oral contraceptives and risk of breast cancer. One study showed association between levonogestrel IUDs and risk of breast cancer while the other study did not show association between both levonogestrel and copper IUDs with risk of breast cancer. Use of copper IUDs was associated with diminishing risk of cervical cancer. Overall, use of oral contraceptives upsurges risk of breast and cervical cancers especially when used for longer periods of time. Further studies should therefore be done to understand the mechanisms of action of oral contraceptives and IUDs on the development of both cancers.
Steroid induced psychiatric adverse effects: an overview of risk factors, clinical features and management
Authors: Parasher Anant , Bez Jeplin
Published: May 2020

Corticosteroids have been in use since the past five decades as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of several pathologies such as asthma, allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, and dermatological disorders. Adverse effects include growth retardation in children, immunosuppression, hypertension, hyperglycemia, inhibition of wound repair, osteoporosis, metabolic disturbances, glaucoma, and cataracts. The psychiatric effects of steroids are due to the wide expression of Glucocorticoid Receptors in the brain, and their long-term modulation can lead to functional and anatomical alterations along with hippocampal dysfunction. In most cases, the psychiatric symptoms disappear on cessation of steroid therapy; others may require some form of therapeutic management. A search was conducted for clinically relevant articles from 1971 to 2016 by including the terms corticosteroids, mania, depression, psychosis and cognitive defects. About one-fifth of patients receiving high doses of corticosteroids develop psychiatric symptoms. These symptoms are observed to be dose-dependent and generally occur during the first few weeks of therapy. Lithium has a preventive as well as therapeutic role, while antipsychotics are reserved for high risk cases with predominant psychotic symptoms. Psychiatric effects of long term steroid therapy have become increasingly common nowadays due to long duration of treatment of many chronic respiratory and orthopedic illnesses. Reduction in the dose or complete discontinuation of steroid therapy has been proven beneficial in many patients. Among the therapeutic options, lithium has a definitive role, both in the prevention as well as treatment of psychiatric symptoms. Better co-ordination between the physician and psychiatrist can go a long way to improve the quality of life in these patients.
THE IMPACT OF DOMINANT IDEOLOGY ON FRONT COVERS OF TRANSLATION OF CHILDREN’S LITERATURE IN IRAN
Authors: Naghmeh-Abbaspour Bita
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: The present research aims to explore the impact of the dominant ideological values on the front covers (as a form of paratexts) of translations of children’s literature in Iran. Moreover, the study is going to discuss the effect of such ideological manipulation on the children’s perspective about the world as well as their own identity. Methodology: Based on the Foucauldian sense of discourse, which considers any piece of knowledge, either textual or visual, as discourse, the study employs discourse analysis (DA) as its theoretical and analytical framework. Accordingly, the collected data of this study consist of front covers, are understood as discourse, and each one is analyzed carefully with a focus on the impact of ideological manipulation on paratextual material of Persian translations of children’s literature. Main Finding: The findings revealed the supreme role of ideological constraints in the manipulation of front covers of translations of children’s literature in Iran. Application of the study: The current study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the ideological manipulation of translation of children’s literature at the paratextual level in particular. Novelty/Originality of this study: With respect to the marginal position of translation of children’s literature in the Iranian literary polysystem, little effort has been made in this area, and ideological studies of this genre in Iran, in particular. Therefore to fill this void, the current study attempts to examine the impact of ideological constraints of Iranian society on the translation of children’s literature.
Practitioner Engagement by Academic Researchers: A Scoping Review of Nursing, Midwifery, and Therapy Professions Literature
Authors: Daniels Nicola , Gillen Patricia , Casson Karen
Published: May 2020

Background

Engagement of frontline practitioners by academic researchers in the research process is believed to afford benefits toward closing the research practice gap. However, little is known about if and how academic researchers engage nurses, midwives, or therapists in research activities or if evidence supports these claims of positive impact.

Method

A scoping review was undertaken using the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) framework to identify the extent to which this phenomenon has been considered in the literature.

Results

An iterative search carried out in CINAHL, Pubmed, Medline, and Embase retrieved 32 relevant papers published 2000 to 2017, with the majority from the last 2-years. Retained papers described or evaluated active engagement of a practitioner from nursing, midwifery, and therapy disciplines in at least one stage of a research project other than as a study participant. Engagement most often took place in one research activity with few examples of engagement throughout the research process. Limited use of theory and variations in terms used to describe practitioner engagement by researchers was observed. Subjective perspectives of practitioners' experiences and a focus on challenges and benefits were the most prominently reported outcomes. Few attempts were found to establish effects which could support claims that practitioner engagement can enhance the use of findings or impact health outcomes.

Conclusion

It is recommended that a culture of practitioner engagement is cultivated by developing guiding theory, establishing consistent terminology, and building an evidence base through empirical evaluations which provide objective data to support claims that this activity can positively influence the research practice gap.
Harm Reduction Services in Ottawa: The Culture of Drug Use
Authors: Haines Marlene , O'Byrne Patrick
Published: May 2020

Between January 2016 and June 2019, there were over 13,900 apparent opioid-related deaths in Canada, solidifying the need for appropriate and effective services for people who use drugs (PWUD). Within government initiatives and policies, PWUD are often inappropriately considered a homogeneous group of individuals, with implementation of services nationally often being guided by these governmental bodies without meaningful consultation and collaboration with PWUD. However, recent harm reduction research and best practice guidelines have emphasized the importance of tailoring services to local drug scenes. Despite this, very little research on the cultural norms of PWUD exists in the literature. In an attempt to explore the local culture of drug use in Ottawa, a literature review ultimately uncovered very few articles on this topic. However, by expanding the search beyond Ottawa and using a social determinants of health framework, the factors of culture, income and social status, physical environment, and access to services were revealed as unique experiences for PWUD. Further, through four in-depth interviews with current harm reduction providers in Ottawa, the themes of (1) uncertainty and concerns surrounding the overdose crisis; (2) lack of flexibility in resources and access issues; and (3) diversity in the culture of drug use in Ottawa were explored. Recommendations surrounding partnering with PWUD, policy changes, and a safer supply were subsequently discussed. These findings helped to validate the reality of the unique drug-use culture in Ottawa, and the requirement for harm reduction services to be adapted to the local needs of PWUD.
The Brazilian taxation influence on a company's transportation cost
Authors: Alves Leonardo Judice Maximiano , Moura Thiago Nardini , Leal Jr. Ilton Curty
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this paper is to minimize products' distribution costs for a multinational company located in Brazil, observing the different ICMS tax structures. This research was about a metallurgical industry company, and delivers its products through an outsourced company for interstate highway transportation. In this case study, a transshipment model was developed for determining if some distribution centers (DCs) are going to be used or not, because, despite of a greater distance, increasing freight cost, the state benefits for ICMS tax could decrease total cost. Study results suggest that using some DCs may help decrease total distribution cost because of ICMS tax impact. It also suggests that the distribution of imported products is cheaper than the national ones, without considering its purchase and fabrication costs. The proposed approach can help Brazilian or multinational companies to support logistic decisions, which could be useful given the Brazilian transportation context.
ANALISIS PRODUK TABUNGAN IB MUAMALAT PRIMA BISNIS TERHADAP SEKTOR RILL PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT (STUDI KASUS PT. BANK MUAMALAT INDONESIA, TBK CABANG BANJARMASIN)
Authors: Purnomo Agus , Rusdiansyah Muhammad
Published: May 2020

This research is motivated by the researcher who previously conducted the Work Practice in PT.Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk Branch Banjarmasin Years 2016 as Marketing Funding. After knowing the superior Funding Product of Bank Muamalat Indonesia Branch of Banjarmasin ie iB Muamalat Prima Business Savings. The reasercher tries to find out the influence of this Product in addition to beneficial to the Customer but the perceived impact in driving the Customer Business That's where it is. The purpose of this research was undertaken by Benefits of Savings Products iB Muamalat Prima Business as a whole and to determine the effect of Savings Products iB Muamalat Prima Business Against the Rill Sector Field SMEs (Micro Small and Medium Enterprises) community. This research used Qualitative method descriptive qualitative approach. The data obtained then in the form of data information such as observation, interviews, field notes and documentation. For Respondent data source counted to 3 people namely Business Development Manager Funding, Marketing Funding and Customer Service. While informants counted to 5 people namely the Customer Savings Product iB Muamalat Prima Bussiness as entrepreneurs and not entrepreneurs. The results of this research indicate that there is a great influence in mobilizing the Rill Sector of the Economic Community, depending on the Customer itself willing to be used as a transactional tool with business partners or as a Product User Customer.Keywords : Savings Products, Rill Sector, Economy Public.
Trade unions and career services: Potential partners for promoting social justice at work
Authors: Robertson Peter J. , Cimini Nick , Post Jouke , Corry James
Published: May 2020

This paper argues that trade unions represent natural allies for career services, as they have shared interests in addressing issues of social justice at work. This potentially valuable partnership has been underdeveloped. Two case studies of innovative practice will be presented, one relating to guidance practice in the Netherlands, the other related to career education proposals in Scotland. The challenges to be overcome in union involvement in careers work are explored. Working with unions represents a pragmatic approach to career guidance practice that is responsive to the social justice implications of new employment relationships.
Change it up, change the system! Exploring career development learning and social justice through action research
Authors: Delauzun Anne
Published: May 2020

Careers practitioners are encouraged to embrace social justice as a core value, but to what extent can it truly guide practice given the operational and institutional constraints within which many operate? This paper presents a practical example of a career development learning intervention drawing on theories of social justice. Informed by student consultation, the workshop engaged participants in collaborative learning on themes such as the gig economy and the gender pay gap. This innovative example of a non-deficit approach succeeded in attracting and engaging a diverse group of participants, fostering peer-to-peer and transformative learning.
‘He who is silent is taken to agree’: University careers services and the problem of unpaid graduate internships
Authors: Buzdugan Helen
Published: May 2020

Unpaid graduate internships (UGIs) are a controversial feature of the UK graduate labour market. Drawing on Watts’s socio-political ideologies, this article examines how university careers services and practitioners engage with this issue in policy and practice, using data from interviews with careers managers and practitioners. It reveals that practitioners are sometimes reluctant to engage directly with the ethical issues surrounding UGIs, and that some careers interventions which support individuals may arguably help to perpetuate this unfair practice. I contend that careers professionals nonetheless have a moral duty to take action on UGIs, putting ethics at the heart of their work.
Place-Identity in boundaryless careers: Narratives of medical students from lower socio-economic class backgrounds
Authors: Reid Emily Róisín
Published: May 2020

Medical schools are working to widen access to students from lower socio-economic backgrounds, particularly through targeted recruitment within under-doctored regions of the UK. Drawing upon recent research, this article explores ways that place-identity theory can be helpful to career professionals, particularly when thinking about the extent to which where individuals are from influences where they (can) go and what they might need to sacrifice to get there. Bounded student narratives expose the ‘dark side’ of the social mobility agenda and clash with the quasi-colonial ‘world is your oyster’ rhetoric of the boundaryless career. Implications for practice are discussed.
Maintaining the promise without killing the dream: Developing resilience for future ‘graduate’ careers
Authors: Scurry Tracy , Burke Ciaran , Blenkinsopp John , Smart Ann
Published: May 2020

Significant numbers of recent graduates continue to enter non-graduate roles. Against this backdrop, there is a need to consider how students and graduates can be prepared for the graduate labour market. Resilience is represented as a key attribute for successfully navigating this challenging and complex labour market. Drawing on empirical research with higher education careers practitioners, we examine approaches to supporting graduates in developing ‘resilience’ against a backdrop of competing stakeholder priorities. We highlight the challenges of acknowledging transition experiences that are counter to dominant notions of successful graduate outcomes. We advocate support for practitioners to provide realistic insights into the graduate labour market.
Book review
Authors: Christie Fiona
Published: May 2020

Not available
The chest decoration in modern life of Bashkir women: on the problem
of preserving traditions
Authors: Khasanova Z.F.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this article is to study the methods for manufacturing, wearing and ways of use of the Bashkir chest decorations in the end of the 20th — beginning of the 21st c. The research area includes the Republic of Bashkortostan and neighboring regions where the Bashkirs live. Information for neighboring regions was collected using the Internet and social networks: VKontakte, Instagram, YouTube. The chronological framework of the study covers the end of the 20th — beginning of the 21st c., that is the time of a renaissance of traditions and the growth of interest in them. Field materials collected by the author during the expeditions in 2010–2019 to different districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan, archival materials, museum collections of Ufa and Internet resources where old and modern photos with Bashkir chest decorations are posted became the source base of the study. The article uses general scientific methods: comparative-historical, and the method of scientific description and analysis. During the collection of field materials, we relied on ethnographic methods, such as in-depth interviews, observation, and photo fixation. To study the current state of tradition, monitoring of social networks was used. Different types of female bibs used to be popular among Bashkirs — selter, sakal, hakal, yaga, muynsa, almaizy and others. They were very highly valued and used as essential part of the bride dowry. Chest decorations made of silver coins and real corals were very expensive. Until the end of the 19th — beginning of the 20th c., chest decoration retained its ethnic, social, and sacred functions. In the beginning of the 20th c., the traditional culture was undergoing a difficult period. During the hunger years of the 1920s, the period of the creation of collective farms, many Bashkirs were forced to surrender their jewelry for nothing. In the postwar years, very few people still had their authentic national decorations. In the end of the 20th — beginning of 21st c., on the wave of mobilization of ethnic identity and revival of interest in traditions, the bib as an ethnic marker became popular again. It has been revealed that there are five basic trends of manufacturing of the Bashkir bibs: from historical reconstructions to highly stylized pieces, from everyday to festive. Nowadays they are worn both for beauty and designating the ethnic identity, traditions, culture, demonstration of national Bashkir ownership. The initial spiritual and guarding function of chest decorations has now been lost.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Biodentine Versus MTA in Repair of Experimental Furcation Perforation
Authors: Badr Mahmoud , Abu-Seida Ashraf , Hashem Ahmed , El Ashry Salma
Published: May 2020

This study compared the Biodentine (BD) and MTA in repair of furcation perforation (FP) in a dog model in terms of inflammatory cell count and new hard tissue formation through histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. Ninety six teeth in six adult mongrel dogs were divided according to the time of repair into two groups (48 teeth/3 dogs each); immediate and delayed repair of the induced FP. Each group was divided into three subgroups (16 teeth each) according to the evaluation periods; 1, 2, and 3 months. Each subgroup was further subdivided into four subdivisions according to the material used; MTA (6 teeth), Biodentine (6 teeth), negative control (2 teeth) and positive control (2 teeth). In experimental and positive control samples, the teeth were instrumented and obturated then, a FP was performed. The perforations were sealed according to the groups and subdivisions. Histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis using Osteonectin antibodies were performed for assessment of the inflammatory cell count and new hard tissue formation. In all groups and subgroups, there were no significant differences between MTA and BD in the inflammatory cell count and new hard tissue formation (P>0.05). Biodentine can alternate the MTA as a FP repair material.
Speciation in Stickleback Facilitated by Admixture – Where is the Evidence?
Authors: Berner Daniel
Published: May 2020

Where genetic variation promoting speciation originates is a crucial question in evolutionary genomics. In a recent article, Marques et al. (2019) seek to address this question in lake and stream threespine stickleback fish from the Lake Constance (hereafter LC) basin in Central Europe. Based on population genetic methods, they conclude that incipient speciation between lake and stream stickleback was facilitated by the mixing of genetic variation from old lineages evolved in isolation (i.e., admixture following secondary contact). In this comment, I discuss conceptual and methodological problems and unrecognized conflicts with existing evidence that cast doubt on Marques et al.’s conclusion.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN DEODORAN DARI BAHAN ALAMI DAN PERINTISAN SEBAGAI HOME INDUSTRI
Authors: Fitriani Ika Nur
Published: May 2020

merupakan salah satu masalah yang mengganggu kehidupan sehari-hari. Bau tidak sedap pada tubuh sering kali membuat seseorang merasa kurang percaya diri. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi masalah bau badan adalah dengan memakai deodoran. Deodoran pada umumnya mengandung bahan kimia yang dapat menyebabkan resiko iritasi kulit. Oleh karena itu perlu suatu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut yaitu dengan membuat deodorant dengan bahan alami. Sasaran dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah warga masyarakat Bibis Luhur. Kegiatan ini berupa pelatihan pembuatan deodorant dari bahan alami. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah memberdayakan sumber daya alam secara optimal sehingga dapat mendorong perekonomian masyarakat dengan jalan perintisan home industry deodoran.
Pelatihan Branding Sebagai upaya Meningkatkan Efektivitas Pemasaran Nugget Lele Desa Mojogedang
Authors: Sugiarto Catur
Published: May 2020

Produk lele di Desa Mojogedang, Karanganyar sangat melimpah, namun warga masyarakat belum dapat memanfaatkan potensi sumber daya alam tersebut sebagai alternatif peningkatan nilai ekonomi daerah. Pelatihan pemasaran berupa branding produk diberikan pada warga dalam upaya membantu memasarkan produk nugget lele yang sebelumnya dikenalkan sebagai inovasi produk lele dan sayur-mayur yang tersedia melimpah di daerah Mojogedang. Aktivitas pemasaran dan branding produk merupakan kunci keberhasilan produk untuk lebih dikenal oleh konsumen dan meningkatkan potensi penjualan produk. Pelatihan pemasaran sebagai bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat ini diikuti oleh peserta dari anggota PKK Desa Mojogedang, Karanganyar.
Locking of the Distal Radioulnar Joint Caused by Dorsal Tear of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex
Authors: Kawabata Atsuyuki , Nimura Akimoto , Fujita Koji , Ishii Senichi , Okawa Atsushi
Published: May 2020

Case:

We encountered a case of locking of the distal radioulnar joint after a traumatic injury that restricted the supination and pronation of the wrist. The locking was released surgically with a good 2-year outcome. We found a tear between the dorsal aspect of the joint capsule and the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC). The tear allowed the TFCC to displace volarly and become entrapped against the volar aspect of the ulnar head.

Conclusion:

The open approach facilitated visualization and understanding of this unusual injury pattern and allowed direct repair. Joint incongruity may not occur despite a locked joint.
PMCMC for Term Structure of Interest Rates under Markov Regime Switching and Jumps
Authors: Liu Xiangdong , Li Xianglong , Zheng Shaozhi , Qian Hangyong
Published: May 2020

A parameter estimation method, called PMCMC in this paper, is proposed to estimate a continuous-time model of the term structure of interests under Markov regime switching and jumps. There is a closed form solution to term structure of interest rates under Markov regime. However, the model is extended to be a CKLS model with non-closed form solutions which is a typical nonlinear and non-Gaussian state-space model(SSM) in the case of adding jumps. Although the difficulty of parameter estimation greatly prevents from researching models, we prove that the nonlinear and non-Gaussian state-space model has better performances in studying volatility. The method proposed in this paper will be implemented in simulation and empirical study for SHIBOR. Empirical results illustrate that the PMCMC algorithm has powerful advantages in tackling the models.
Single Image Dehazing with V-transform and Dark Channel Prior
Authors: Wang Xiaochun , Sun Xiangdong , Song Ruixia
Published: May 2020

Single image dehazing algorithm based on the dark channel prior may cause block effect and color distortion. To improve these limitations, this paper proposes a single image dehazing algorithm based on the V-transform and the dark channel prior, in which a hazy RGB image is converted into the HSI color space, and each component H, I and S is processed separately. The hue component H remains unchanged, the saturation component S is stretched after being denoised by a median filter. In the procession of intensity component, a quad-tree algorithm is presented to estimate the atmospheric light, the dark channel prior and the V-transform are used to estimate the transmission map. To reduce the computational complexity, the intensity component I is decomposed by the V-transform first, coarse transmission map is then estimated by applying the dark channel prior on the low frequency reconstruction image, and the guided filter is finally employed to refine the coarse transmission map. For images with sky regions, the haze removal effectiveness can be greatly improved by just increasing the minimum value of the transmission map. The proposed algorithm has low time complexity and performs well on a wide variety of images. The recovered images have more nature color and less color distortion compared with some state-of-the-art methods.
OCENA DYMORFIZMU PŁCIOWEGO WSKAŹNIKA DŁUGOŚCI PALCÓW (2D:4D)
Authors: Mularczyk Maciej , Ziętek-Czeszak Angelika , Ziętek Zbigniew
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Studies on many populations have shown that the length of the second finger (2D) compared to the fourth (4D), expressed as the finger length ratio (2D:4D), might be characteristic for sexual dimorphism. It was also found that the values of 2D:4D differ significantly between examined populations. It is thought that the value of 2D:4D is determined in early foetal life under the influence of genetic factors and the strong influence of sex hormones. It has been proven that the values of 2D:4D are related to, for instance, sexual orientation, and artistic and sporting ability. Recently, increasing interest in the clinical significance of finger length ratio in the diagnosis of somatic and mental disorders has been observed. For example, it was found that values of 2D:4D in individuals suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia or autism were significantly lower compared to healthy subjects. The aim of the study was to determine sexual dimorphism in finger length ratio among representatives of the Polish population.Materials and methods: The study group comprised 115 people (57 females and 58 males). Anthropometric measurements were taken from the second and fourth finger of the right and left hands – from the point of dactylion (da) to pseudophalangion (pph) using analogue callipers. We calculated the significance of differences in 2D:4D between males and females separately for the right and left hands.Results: In both hands mean 2D:4D values were lower in males than in females. The difference in the right hand reached the statistical significance level with p < 0.05.Conclusions: Among the subjects from the examined population the 2D:4D ratio shows trends characteristic for sexual dimorphism.
THE RISK OF ABUSE OF VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS
Authors: Marosz Agnieszka , Chlubek Dariusz
Published: May 2020

The article presents the results of studies on potential risks associated with the abuse of vitamin supplements which until recently had been considered not only highly efficacious, but also completely safe. Particular consideration is given to vitamins A, E, D and C. The necessity to control the intake of vitamin supplements and even to strictly supervise the supply to high risk patients is highlighted.
PORÓWNANIE OPINII WŚRÓD NIEPEŁNOSPRAWNYCH SPORTOWCÓW I STUDENTÓW UNIWERSYTETU SZCZECIŃSKIEGO NA TEMAT SPORTU INWALIDZKIEGO
Authors: Dywejko Barbara , Rotter Iwona , Kemicer‑Chmielewska Ewa , Karakiewicz Beata
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Sport among disabled people is becoming more and more popular. It is happening mostly due to the growing number of sports centres for the disabled, and the widespread popularization of this form of activity by organizations working for the benefit of disabled people. Also, the mass media play an important role in the process. The aim of the study a comparison of the knowledge and opinions about disabled sports of physical education students and disabled athletes. Methods: The research was conducted using two different questionnaires. One of them was given to students of Physical Education, the other to members of a disabled sports club, “Start”. The questionnaires consisted of two sections: a personal profile, and 17 questions about disabled sports. 45 full‑time students of Physical Education at the University of Szczecin: 30 (66.7%) women and 15 (33.3%) men. The average age of the group was 23.6 years. The second group, from the disabled sports club, consisted of 33 people, 18 (54.5%) women and 15 (45.5%) men; the average age of the participants was 28.6 years. Results: Among the disabled people, 10 (30.3%) people were unable to name any disabled athlete; among the group of able‑bodied students, there were 33 (73.3%) people who were not able to do the same thing. According to students, disabled people do sports mainly for rehabilitation purposes (51.1%). According to the disabled students’ group, however, sport for disabled people means satisfaction and higher self‑esteem (36.36%). When it comes to the best source of information on the subject, television proved to be the best one among the media. The able‑bodied students rated their knowledge of disabled sports as satisfactory (66.7%), while only 6% of disabled students considered the knowledge of able‑bodied people about disabled sports to be satisfactory. Conclusions: 1. The knowledge about disabled sports among students of physical education is superficial. The disabled also do not possess an extensive knowledge about disabled sports. 2. Opinion on the importance of sport in the lives of disabled people differ between the research groups. Able‑bodied people see the role of sport mainly as a rehabilitation tool; disabled people, however, see it as an activity giving satisfaction and raising their self‑esteem.
ODMIENNE ŚRODOWISKA EGZYSTENCJI ŻYCIOWEJ JAKO CZYNNIK RÓŻNICUJĄCY FUNKCJE POZNAWCZE I CZYNNOŚCI DNIA CODZIENNEGO W GRUPIE OSÓB POWYŻEJ 50. ROKU ŻYCIA
Authors: Gębska Magdalena , Weber-Nowakowska Katarzyna , Wojciechowska Alina , Zawarska Marta , Czajka Natalia , Szafarz Aleksandra , Żyżniewska-Banaszak Ewelina
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The aim of the dissertation was to compare the psychophysical state of people over 50 years of age from different societies.Material and methods: The first group consisted of 30 care home residents, the second group consisted of 30 participants of Active Senior Fair. In the research, two scales were applied: Mini­‍‑Mental State Examination, measuring the mental state, and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living, measuring agility in the field of complex everyday tasks.Conclusiona: The study indicates the difference in the psychophysical state of both researched groups. The results may be connected with both age difference between groups and different living environment.
WPŁYW APLIKACJI KINESIOLOGY TAPINGU TECHNIKĄ MIĘŚNIOWĄ NA ZAKRES RUCHOMOŚCI LĘDŹWIOWEGO ODCINKA KRĘGOSŁUPA ORAZ SUBIEKTYWNE ODCZUWANIE NATĘŻENIA BÓLU U CHORYCH Z DOLEGLIWOŚCIAMI BÓLOWYMI KRĘGOSŁUPA
Authors: Garczyński Wojciech , Lubkowska Anna , Dobek Aleksandra , Andryszczyk Marek
Published: May 2020

Introduction: In an era of ubiquitous computing, a considerable part of the population, regardless of age group, spend more time in a sitting position. Long­‍‑term, static loading of the spine increases muscle tension, leading to the occurrence of pain. Physiotherapy is recommended as primary and secondary prevention of spinal pain symptoms. The Kinesiology Taping Method is one of the many special methods of physiotherapy which is used during the episodes of back pain in the lumbosacral region. This method consists in sticking on a special tape, which is made of stretch cotton similar to human skin, using a variety of techniques for patch application. The present study evaluated the effect of the application of the Kinesiology Taping technique for muscle mobility in the lumbar spine and the subjective perception of pain intensity.Material and methods: The study group consisted of 100 patients (89 women and 11 men) who experienced pain in the lumbar spine. To assess the mobility of the lumbar spine the Schober test was used. The subjective sensation of pain was assessed using the VAS (visual analogue scale). Measurements were taken four times: before gluing applications, immediately after taping, 7 days after application of the patch, and immediately after its removal.Results: In response to the use of therapy, an increase of mobility of the lumbar spine in flexion front and back, and reduced pain was shown.Conclusions: Application of the muscle kinesiology taping technique is an effective method in reducing pain and increasing mobility of the lumbar spine.
GLEJAK WIELOPOSTACIOWY – POSTĘP WIEDZY NA TEMAT PATOGENEZY NOWOTWORU
Authors: Wańkowicz Paweł , Nowacki Przemysław
Published: May 2020

Glioblastoma multiforme is a particularly malignant form of primary brain tumor. This cancer represents 12–15% of all brain tumors. Despite advances in neurosurgery, radiation and chemotherapy, the average survival rate is only from 12.1 to 14.6 months. Glioblastoma multiforme is characterized by its diverse histological and cellular features. Like other malignant tumours, it is formed in a multi -stage process of somatic cell transformations, accumulating several genetic disorders. The last decade was a period of particular interest in stem cells. These cells have so far been identified in a variety of primary tumours in the brain. They are probably responsible for the recurrence and progression of cancer. Given the current state of knowledge, it is likely that modifications to the previously used morphological classification of tumours of the CNS will be made by the WHO, as well as the extension of its molecular criteria. In particular, such strategies are awaited for Glioblastoma multiforme – the most malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system, with so far very poor prognosis.
ANALIZA WSKAZAŃ DO I OCENA WYNIKÓW PO WTÓRNYCH OPERACJACH PO PIERWOTNYM ZAOPATRZENIU URAZÓW W OBRĘBIE KOŃCZYNY GÓRNEJ
Authors: Żyluk Andrzej , Mazur Agnieszka
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The objective of the study was the analysis of the indications for, and assessment of the outcomes of secondary interventions after primary repair of injuries within the upper limb in the authors’ institution – Department of General and Hand Surgery of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin (a tertiary care unit).Material and methods: Answers on questionnaires (including DASH) mailed to 33 patients were the subject of the analysis. The group consisted of 27 men and 6 women, mean age 36 years, in whom secondary interventions were performed at a mean of 8 months after primary surgery.Results: Injuries were grouped in five categories: tendon lacerations, hand or finger amputations, nerve sections, complex tissue injuries, and isolated finger fractures. The most common cause of secondary intervention was incomplete finger movement and lack of opposition of the thumb. The most common operations included tenolysis, arthrolysis and opponensplasty. The outcomes of secondary surgery from patients’ perspective were overall good: 13 (39%) patients reported significant improvement, 16 (48%) moderate, and only 4 (13%) patients had no benefit. Twenty­‍‑five patients regained full, or almost full hand function (DASH scores 2–39), and 8 (24%) had moderately to severely impaired function (DASH 40–80). Twenty­‍‑eight patients returned to work.Conclusions: Primary repair of upper limb injuries (even severe) in the tertiary institution was adequate, and secondary interventions rarely necessary. The most common indication was incomplete finger movement caused by ineffective postoperative mobilization. The important role of rehabilitation for the final outcome of the treatment of hand injuries was emphasized.
LECZENIE BIOLOGICZNE MIAZGI ZĘBÓW STAŁYCH
Authors: Makowiecki Piotr , Trusewicz Matylda , Tyszler Łukasz , Buczkowska-Radlińska Jadwiga
Published: May 2020

The vitality of dental pulp is essential for long­‍‑term tooth survival. The aim of vital pulp therapy is to preserve vital, healthy pulp tissue. This therapy’s foundation is the elimination of bacteria from the dentin­‍‑pulp complex. The treatment option depends on the cause and extent of mineralised tooth tissue destruction. The outcome of such treatment is determined by accurate assessment of the pulp’s status and the dentist’s ability to predict the success of the therapy. The aim of this review is to facilitate the dentist in making a proper decision referring to vital pulp therapy in permanent teeth, and to provide an overview of new approaches in such treatment.
PRZESTRZEŃ POPRZECZNA BRZUCHA – ASPEKTY ANATOMICZNO-KLINICZNE
Authors: Starczewski Kamil , Ziętek-Czeszak Angelika , Kamiński Marek , Ziętek Zbigniew
Published: May 2020

In medicine spectacular progress can be observed at many stages, which sometimes requires the redefinition of already known anatomical structures. One of them is the transverse abdominal plane, which was the focus of anaesthetists. It was observed that anaesthetics introduced locally into this plane have similar power to a traditional epidural procedure or spinal anaesthesia. The concept of the transverse abdominal plane is a relatively new anatomical term which was introduced into clinical medicine by anaesthetists. Because of the potential performance of anaesthetic procedures through access to the transverse abdominal plane, there has been a growing interest not only expressed by anaesthetists, but also anatomists who wish to explore new anatomical aspects of this plane. It is generally believed that anatomical studies will provide more information on this plane, which can contribute to a wider spread of this procedure among anaesthetists.
Relationship between social competences and the sense of general mental health and intensity of stress among nurses
Authors: Chrzan-Rodak Agnieszka , Ślusarska Barbara , Nowicki Grzegorz , Deluga Alina , Bartoszek Agnieszka
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Social competences are indispensable in occupations reliant on interpersonal interactions, such as in medical professions, e.g. nursing, conditioning not only the effective construction of interpersonal relationships, but ever more often emphasizing a positive impact on strengthening coping skills in stressful situations. The object of our study was to assess the connection of social competences with the sense of general mental health and intensity of stress in the group of nurses.

Materials and methods: In the study took part 291 nurses (ages 23–63, mean job seniority 11 years, SD = 10.22). We used the Social Competence Questionnaire (KKS) according to Anna Matczak, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), as adapted by Zygfryd Juczyński and Nina Ogińska-Bulik, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) in the adaptation of Zofia Makowska and Dorota Merecz to collect information for the study.

Results: Stress intensity among respondents averaged 16.83 points (SD = 4.47). In the 4 analyzed indicators of the GHQ-28, the mean point score was: somatic symptoms M = 8.45, anxiety and insomnia M = 8.75, functional disorders M = 8.07, depression symptoms M = 2.46. 38.1% of the results of the level of general mental health were in the range 5–6, which is the average level of mental health perceived in the group of nurses.

Conclusions: The level of perceived stress among more than half of the surveyed group of nurses was average (52.6%). The level of social competences is not significantly correlated with the intensity of stress experienced. The level of general mental health of 38.1% of the nurses fell in the range of average. The level of social competences significantly correlates with the general mental health status of the nurse respondents (R = -0.254, p < 0.001).
Evaluation of the effect of an "Internet plus medical"-based health management service model in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Yang Yan , Tian Cui-Huan , Dai Jun , Zhang Wei , Li Shu-Qing , Min Xiang , Wang Yan-Yan , Cao Juan
Published: May 2020

Objectives: To observe the effect of an "Internet plus medical"-based health management service model in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to explore an effective model for NAFLD health management to provide a reference for NAFLD treatment and nursing.Methods: The present study was a randomized, controlled, parallel-group comparison trial. A total of 519 patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned to a routine health education group (N=258) or a health management platform group (N=261). The routine health education group received routine health education, and the health management platform group was treated with the "Internet plus medical"-based health management service model to manage NAFLD. The new model provides closed-loop services for the prevention and rehabilitation of NAFLD through the process of grouping, filing, evaluating, planning, intervening, assessing stage and following up. The two groups were observed for 24 weeks. The results of basic indicators, laboratory indicators, body composition analyses, controlled attenuation parameters (CAP) and quality of life assessment questionnaires were used as evaluation indices. All data of the participants were collected and analyzed prior to and following the intervention, and the differences between the two groups were compared.Results: Compared with the routine health education group, the NAFLD health management service model based on “Internet plus medical” treatment effectively reduced the weight (-3.80±3.11vs -0.12±3.42, P =0.047), body mass index (BMI) (-1.73±1.20 vs -0.14±1.68, P =0.031), CAP (-48.42±10.13 vs 4.13±7.45, P =0.044), aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) value (0.18±0.37 vs 0.04±0.11, P = 0.037), body fat content (-2.24±2.58 vs -0.86±2.78, P =0.194) and visceral fat area (-10.87±15.34 vs -0.55±19.13, P =0.047) of NAFLD patients and improved the quality of life of NAFLD patients in terms of physiological role (96.59 ±11.31 vs 90.69 ± 13.49, P=0.027), vitality (86.57±6.07 vs 81.94±5.78, P=0.001) and general health (78.05±6.35vs 73.61±10.12, P=0.044).Conclusions: The results of the present study preliminarily confirm the validity and development prospects of the "Internet plus medical"-based health management service model in NAFLD. This finding suggests that the model is an evidence-based model of health education and management for NAFLD prevention in China.