bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The evaluation of the balance of standard rates within the program on state guarantees to deliver free medical care to the citizens of the Russian Federation
Authors: Fedyaev D. V. , Kovaleva S. A. , Gerasimova K. V.
Published: November 2020

Aim. The evaluation of absolute and relative difference in the growth of standard rates and financing of medical help based on the calculation for Program on State Guarantees to Deliver Free Medical Care to the Citizens of the Russian Federation (PSG) by the parameters approved by the Decree of the Government for 2019 and 2020.

Materials and methods. The evaluation was performed by the methods of mathematic modeling. Mathematic modeling of the calculation of the volumes of medical help (MH) and financial costs in the subjects of the RF was based on the Decrees of the Government for 2019 and 2020 and the method of calculation of the standard rates specified in the Letter on the economic grounds for territorial PSG. Modeling for each region was used to compare the absolute and relative difference in the growth of standard rates for the obtained values in the absolute and relative expression of the calculated planned parameters of PSG for 2019 and 2020 according to the described method in terms of types, conditions, and profiles of medical help.

Results. It was revealed that the existing standard rates for financial costs did not provide a uniform growth of costs by all the conditions and types of MH. The growth of financing by types and conditions varied from 1.43 to 9.59% of the 2019 baseline in the RF. Certain “specialized” (profile) standard rates within the conditions of MH showed a significant growth at a slower growth of financing of the rest of MH types (3.86% for all-day inpatient service and -0.6% (decrease in financing) for day-time inpatient service). The calculation of the model for the subjects of the RF showed even greater fluctuations: from –0.11% to –3.03% for day-time inpatient service and from 1.35% to 7.27% for all-day inpatients service.

Conclusion. Despite the annual growth of the financing of PSG, redistribution of the budget within the conditions of medical service provision is uneven. This situation provides background for the improvement of the mechanisms of planning of MH within PSG using obligatory modeling and balanced standard rates for the subjects of the RF.
FATORES COMPORTAMENTAIS QUE INFLUENCIAM A ADESÃO AO TRATAMENTO DE CRIANÇAS EM TERAPIA RENAL SUBSTITUTIVA, DENTRO DE CENTRO DE HEMODIÁLISE
Authors: Silva Thaynara Alves da , Bueno Gina Nolêto
Published: November 2020

A insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) é um tipo de doença crônica, de quadro irreversível e secundário que, no seu agravo, leva à perda das funções renais. Na criança, o complexo processo de adaptação a ela é uma batalha diária, desde o diagnóstico a cada etapa do tratamento. A desafiante obtenção da adesão ao tratamento da IRC é condição imprescindível a quem padece dessa enfermidade para o registro do menor número possível de intercorrências. Assim, uma boa interação com a equipe multiprofissional contribui positivamente para minimizar o comportamento de inadequação da criança às etapas que precisam ser cumpridas diante do tratamento. Observar os comportamentos emitidos pela criança durante o processo de hemodiálise; observar as estratégias aplicadas pelos profissionais e os efeitos delas no comportamento da criança; a que etapas do procedimento a criança manifesta adesão ou contra-adesão; se a ferramenta contribui para a adesão; se a ferramenta, contendo um aplicativo lúdico e instrucional, contribui para a adesão da criança ao tratamento; e, identificar as contingências estressoras à criança. O estudo foi realizado com uma criança de 12 anos, portadora de uma doença renal crônica, submetida ao processo de hemodiálise sob a presença de sua mãe, principal cuidadora. A coleta de dados se deu em um Centro de Hemodialítico de um Hospital-Escola, por meio de observações, entrevistas e da introdução de uma ferramenta de dispositivo móvel. O estudo constituiu-se por quatro fases, pautado em um delineamento experimental: Triagem e Seleção, Linha de Base, Intervenção e Avaliação Final. Os dados foram analisados com base na abordagem Análise do Comportamento. Os resultados obtidos através das fases do estudo, demonstraram que os participantes tiveram que se submeter à adaptação quanto à nova rotina após o diagnóstico de IRC e que se transformou em contingências estressoras à criança e ao seu ambiente familiar, gerando comportamentos concorrentes à adesão ao tratamento, especialmente em relação ao cumprimento das prescrições médicas e nutricionais. Entretanto, tanto a equipe multiprofissional envolvida no processo, quanto a ferramenta lúdica do dispositivo móvel sobre o cuidar de uma criança com IRC, introduzida na fase de intervenção, contribuíram para a adesão da criança ao tratamento. Uma boa relação da equipe multiprofissional com a criança favoreceu a adesão ao tratamento dela, tornando o tratamento menos gerador de contingências estressoras. Por outro lado, a ferramenta lúdica contribuiu, de forma psicoeducativa, com a aprendizagem para o cuidado, por seu ambiente familiar e autocuidado do participante quanto à sua doença a fim de evitar intercorrências durante as sessões de hemodiálise e, desse modo, manter a qualidade de vida da criança, apesar de sua condição renal crônica. Concluiu, desse modo, que os objetivos propostos foram alcançados.
IDEAÇÃO E TENTATIVA DE SUICÍDIO ENTRE ADOLESCENTES: MAUS-TRATOS E APOIO SOCIAL
Authors: Santos Yngrid D’ Lanuse da Silva , Zanini Daniela Sacramento
Published: November 2020

O comportamento suicida é um tipo de violência autoinfligida e inclui pensamentos, tentativas e o suicídio propriamente dito. Por ser um fenômeno crescente na população adolescente, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas preventivas. Para isso o estudo dos fatores de risco e de proteção são de suma importância. Objetivo: Avaliar o papel dos maus-tratos como fator de risco e do apoio social como fator de proteção ao suicídio entre adolescentes. Método: Estudo quantitativo, cuja amostra foi composta de 173 adolescentes de ambos os sexos (11 a 18 anos de idade) de duas escolas da rede estadual de Goiânia-Go. Foi aplicado no segundo semestre de 2017, com os adolescentes cujos autorizações (TCLES) haviam sido assinadas, o Questionário de Vitimização Juvenil – JVQ, a Escala de Apoio Social e as subescalas do Youth Self-Report que avaliam ideação e tentativa de suicídio entre adolescentes. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados por meio do pacote estatístico SPSS para Windows, versão 20.0, depois discutidos à luz de teorias pertinentes. Resultado: As pontuações médias (e desvio padrão) para cada uma das variáveis estudadas foram: 1,35 (DP= 1,22 ) para maus-tratos no último ano; 1,01 (DP= 1,19) para maus-tratos ao longo da vida; 66,4 (DP= 27) para apoio social; 0,31 (DP= 0,64) para ideação suicida; e 0,17 (DP= 0,46) para tentativa de suicídio. A correlação de Pearson mostra uma relação moderada, positiva e significativa (p= 0,00) entre ser vítima de maus-tratos ao longo da vida e apresentar ideação (r=+0,337) e tentativa de suicídio (r= +0,351) na adolescência. Em relação a associação entre maus-tratos no último ano e comportamentos suicidas, e ao apoio social e comportamentos suicidas, não houve correlação estatisticamente significativa. Conclusão: Na amostra pesquisada, quando se é vítima de maus-tratos ao longo da vida, maiores são a ideação e tentativa de suicídio, ao passo que maus-tratos no último não está associado com o suicídio (ideação e tentativa). Entre apoio social e suicídio, embora observa-se correlação negativa, indicando que quanto maior o apoio social menor é a ideação e tentativa de suicídio os índices não foram estatisticamente significativos. Estudos futuros com amostras maiores poderiam auxiliar a esclarecer tais achados.
A FUNCIONALIDADE DO JOGO ELETRÔNICO LÚDICO NO PROCESSO DE ADESÃO AO TRATAMENTO PELA CRIANÇA RENAL CRÔNICA
Authors: Moreira Lorraine Beatriz , Bueno Gina Nolêto
Published: November 2020

O indivíduo com doença renal crônica apresenta dificuldades quanto ao controle do peso interdialítico e à obediência às restrições hídricas e dietéticas. Tecnologias do ensino-aprendizagem para crianças podem proporcionar mudança de comportamento e promover adesão ao tratamento. Objetivos: Observar as respostas emitidas pelos sujeitos participantes da pesquisa, sem e com o suporte de um tablet aparelhado de um jogo que simula uma criança renal crônica de nome Bim, visando avaliar os efeitos provocados pelo jogo no comportamento de adesão ao tratamento destes participantes. Método: Participaram deste estudo, uma criança com doença renal crônica e sua cuidadora, a mãe. O estudo ocorreu em um Centro Pediátrico de Hemodiálise, de um Hospital-Escola. Este estudo foi constituído por quatro fases: triagem, linha de base, intervenção e avaliação final. Na intervenção, o tablet com o aplicativo foi entregue aos participantes. Resultados/Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que na ausência do aplicativo identificaram-se aspectos de não adesão no repertório comportamental dos participantes. O acesso ao jogo ratificou a não aderência. Apesar de os participantes desenvolverem estratégias de não adesão durante o jogo, exibiram comportamentos cônscios quanto à necessidade de estabelecer uma quantidade correta de alimentos e líquidos, para um doente renal.
PSICOPATIA E MATURIDADE PSICOLÓGICA DE AUTORES DE VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL
Authors: Zilki Áquila Araujo Gonçalves Rodrigues , Resende Ana Cristina
Published: November 2020

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar se Autores de Violência Sexual (AVSs) com psicopatia (PCL-R ≥ 30) e sem psicopatia (PCL-R < 30) se diferenciam em relação a alguns dados sociodemográficos e do perfil criminal, bem como em relação à maturidade psicológica. Participaram do estudo 30 reeducandos cumprindo pena em regime fechado por crimes sexuais contra crianças e adolescentes, que foram divididos em dois grupos: G1, formado por AVS sem psicopatia (PCL-R < 30; N = 20); e G2, composto por AVS com psicopatia (PCL-R ≥ 30; N = 10). Os instrumentos utilizados foram: um protocolo de coleta de informações no processo criminal; o teste de Rorschach de acordo com o Sistema de Avaliação por Performance (R-PAS), considerando o Índice de Maturidade Psicológica (ID), e o Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e comparativa, considerando os tamanhos dos efeitos entre os grupos. Em todas as análises foram consideradas como estatisticamente significantes as diferenças no nível de 5% (p < 0,05). As diferenças entre os AVSs com e sem psicopatia, no que diz respeito ao perfil criminal e alguns dados sociodemográficos, corroboraram com a literatura. Contudo, não houve diferença na maturidade psicológica. No entanto, considerando os resultados de outros grupos investigados na literatura científica, os índices de maturidade psicológica encontrados nos participantes foram semelhantes aos de pessoas com transtornos psicológicos diversos ou de pessoas em comunidades terapêuticas por ordem judicial, o que aponta que os AVSs, de uma forma geral, apresentam prejuízos no desenvolvimento psicológico.
Application of Artificial Neural Network for Forecasting Nitrate Concentration as a Water Quality Parameter: A Case Study of Feitsui Reservoir, Taiwan
Authors: Latif Sarmad Dashti , Azmi Muhammad Shukri Bin Nor , Ahmed Ali Najah , Fai Chow Ming , El-Shafie Ahmed
Published: November 2020

Water resources play a vital role in various economies such as agriculture, forestry, cattle farming, hydropower generation, fisheries, industrial activity, and other creative activities, as well as the need for drinking water. Monitoring the water quality parameters in rivers is becoming increasingly relevant as freshwater is increasingly being used. In this study, the artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed and applied to predict nitrate (NO3) as a water quality parameter (WQP) in the Feitsui reservoir, Taiwan. For the input of the model, five water quality parameters were monitored and used namely, ammonium (NH3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate (NO3) and phosphate (PO4) as input parameters. As a statistical measurement, the correlation coefficient (R) is used to evaluate the performance of the model. The result shows that ANN is an accurate model for predicting nitrate as a water quality parameter in the Feitsui reservoir. The regression value for the training, testing, validation, and overall are 0.92, 0.93, 0.99, and 0.94, respectively.
Polycystic ovary syndrome: individualized approach to treatment. Literature review
Authors: Л. А. Жабіцька
Published: November 2020

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularity and cardiometabolic dysfunction in women. The complete clinical picture includes irregular menstrual cycle, hirsutism, obesity, insulin resistance and anovulatory infertility. This article highlights the main issues for the PCOS definition, emphasizing its phenotypic heterogeneity. The main diagnostic criteria are given, which in turn determine the different phenotypes of this syndrome.To date, in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome, four different phenotypes have been identified, which include certain combinations of diagnostic criteria: 1) hyperandrogenism (clinical or biochemical) and chronic anovulation; 2) hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound, but with ovulatory cycles; 3) chronic anovulation and polycystic ovaries without hyperandrogenemia; 4) hyperandrogenemia, chronic anovulation and polycystic ovaries.This article presents the main groups of drugs that should be used in treatment of this pathology, according to the latest international guidelines, systematic reviews and meta-analyzes. In particular, indicated application features of insulin sensitizers and other antidiabetic drugs, glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues, oral contraceptives and progestins, antiandrogens. Particular attention is paid to the treatment choice depending on the phenotype and individual needs of patient. Therapeutic approach to the metabolic, hyperandrogenic and reproductive phenotype is covered separately.Anovulation or infrequent ovulation is a major cause of reproductive dysfunction in women with PCOS. The article lists the main methods and drugs that should be used to induce ovulation. In particular, the features of ovulation induction in women with clomiphene-resistance are considered. The cornerstone of treatment of women with PCOS and obesity with abdominal phenotype is a lifestyle modification, including diet and exercises. The clinical recommendations given in the article are based on the principles of evidence-based medicine
The Impact of Female Genital Microbiota on Fertility and Assisted Reproductive Treatments
Authors: Brandão Pedro , Gonçalves-Henriques Manuel
Published: November 2020

Objective: The preconception period is largely neglected, whereas it represents an opportunity to identify and modify clinical and behavioral risks, particularly in infertile women characterized by an unfavorable vascular burden. The present study was performed to strengthen previous findings and to increase the awareness of clinicians who should envision a broader preconception approach in infertile women, beyond their reproductive health.
Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 1003 Caucasian women, referred to the Internal Medicine Clinic at the Assisted Reproductive Technologies Center, Florence.
Results: A high prevalence of dyslipidemia (57.4%), overweight/obesity (29.1%) and, smoking habit (26.6%) were found. We provided evidence of unhealthy lifestyle habits, represented by a closer adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the 9.5% only and by a sedentary behavior in 73%. A significant correlation between the Mediterranean Diet score and both anthropometric and metabolic parameters was found. We also observed a lower score adherence with both metabolic syndrome and diabetes (for both p=0.02), but not with hypertension.
Conclusion: Before infertility treatment, the correction and the management of modifiable and non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are mandatory and represent the main goal for a safe pregnancy, and lifetime women’s health.
Lifestyle and Comorbidities: Do We Take Enough Care of Preconception Health in Assisted Reproduction?
Authors: Cirillo Michela , Elisabetta Coccia Maria , Fatini Cinzia
Published: November 2020

Objective: The preconception period is largely neglected, whereas it represents an opportunity to identify and modify clinical and behavioral risks, particularly in infertile women characterized by an unfavorable vascular burden. The present study was performed to strengthen previous findings and to increase the awareness of clinicians who should envision a broader preconception approach in infertile women, beyond their reproductive health.
Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 1003 Caucasian women, referred to the Internal Medicine Clinic at the Assisted Reproductive Technologies Center, Florence.
Results: A high prevalence of dyslipidemia (57.4%), overweight/obesity (29.1%) and, smoking habit (26.6%) were found. We provided evidence of unhealthy lifestyle habits, represented by a closer adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the 9.5% only and by a sedentary behavior in 73%. A significant correlation between the Mediterranean Diet score and both anthropometric and metabolic parameters was found. We also observed a lower score adherence with both metabolic syndrome and diabetes (for both p=0.02), but not with hypertension.
Conclusion: Before infertility treatment, the correction and the management of modifiable and non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are mandatory and represent the main goal for a safe pregnancy, and lifetime women’s health.
Root-Cause Analysis of Maternal Mortality in Fars Province, Southern Iran 2014: Negligence Is the Prime Suspect
Authors: Mirahmadizadeh Alireza , Semati Ali , Eshrati Babak , Moradi Fariba , Asadi Nasrin
Published: November 2020

Objective: we aimed to carry out an applied methodological tool, using Root-Cause Analysis (RCA), to determine the main causes of maternal mortality in Fars province, south of Iran, in 2014.
Materials and methods: This is a case-series study and was conducted based on a careful examination of records and verbal autopsy with the family of the deceased person and their medical care team. Using RCA, quantitative dynamic modeling was done to display the overall impacts of different causes on maternal mortality. Finally, sensitivity analysis was done to determine the magnitude of contribution of each root-cause of maternal mortality.
Results: Totally, all 10 maternal deaths with Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) of 13.4 per 100.000 births, were recorded in the maternal surveillance system during 2014. The RCA results revealed that the root-causes of maternal mortality were ignorance and negligence (50%), delay in diagnosis (30%), delay in service provision in the first 24 hours after delivery (10%), and undesirable health care (10%). The results of sensitivity analysis in different scenarios revealed that medical negligence had the highest contribution to maternal mortality.
Conclusion: Although maternal surveillance system stated some causes such as hemorrhage to be responsible for maternal deaths, the RCA showed that root-causes such as medical neglects had a fundamental role. Therefore, maternal mortality can be prevented by reforming the health care system and training all service providers, especially for high-risk mothers.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Doing Intra-uterine Insemination 36 and 42 Hours after Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) Injection on Pregnancy Rate: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Firouz Mahboubeh , Noori Narjes , Ghasemi Marzieh , Dashipour Alireza , Keikha Narjes
Published: November 2020

Objective: Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is an assisted conception technique that involves the deposition of a processed semen sample in the upper uterine cavity, overcoming natural barriers to sperm ascent in the female reproductive tract. Hence, we compared the results of doing intra-uterine insemination 36 and 42 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone injection to achieve clinical and chemical pregnancy rates.
Materials and methods: One hundred and sixty infertile women with unexplained infertility participated in this clinical trial. They were divided into two groups: those who underwent IUI 36 hours after hCG injection (control group), and those who underwent IUI 42 hours after hCG injection (case group). Statistical analyses were done using IBM-SPSS 25.0. and Chi-square test were used for data analysis.
Results: The percentages of clinical and chemical pregnancies were significantly higher in the 42h group compared to the other group (P = 0.038 vs. P = 0.009, respectively). There was no significant difference regarding frequency of abortion, twin and ectopic pregnancies between the two groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Doing IUI 42 hours after hCG injection can significantly increase chances of fertility compared to doing it 36 hours after hCG injection.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Usage and its Determinant Factors among Infertile Men in Iran
Authors: Ghaedi Heidari Fatemeh , Dehghan Mahlagha , Mokhtarabadi Sima
Published: November 2020

Objective: This study aimed to assess the use of some Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) techniques in infertile men.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 infertile men referred to the only center of infertility in Kerman, Iran using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a two-part researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (chi-square test and logistic regression) with SPSS 16.
Results: According to the present study, 72.5% of subjects used at least one of the CAM methods in the past year. Among them 28.4% of the subjects have used one CAM technique, 13.7% have used two techniques, 8.8% have used three techniques, 9.8% have used four techniques, and 11.8% have used more than four techniques since the last year. None of the socio-demographic characteristics had significant association with being the user of complementary and alternative medicines.
Conclusion: The results showed that almost three quarters of the infertile men used CAM indicating a high prevalence of CAM usage among them.
Comparative Efficacy of Zolpidem and Nigella Sativa in Treatment of Sleep Disorder and Vasomotor Symptoms in Menopausal Women of Women’s General Hospital
Authors: Asadi Mojgan , Molavi Fatemeh , Qorbani Mostafa , Davari Tanha Fatemeh
Published: November 2020

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Zolpidem and Nigella sativa compared to placebo in treatment of sleep disturbance in healthy postmenopausal women. Menopause is a period that diagnosed after 12 months of amenorrhea and is characterized by a group of symptoms that include irregular menses; vasomotor and urogenital symptoms. The effects of non-hormonal therapies are being widely researched on menopause symptoms. There has been no study to compare Zolpidem and Nigella sativa versus placebo.
Materials and methods: In this double-blind, placebo controlled trial, we compared the effect of Zolpidem with Nigella sativa and placebo in reducing sleep quality in 60 menopausal women. The prior and the later results were compared. We divided the patients into three groups after history taking and physical examination and filling the Pittsburgh questionnaire. Each group received their medication as the following order: Group A: Zolpidem, Group B: Nigella sativa, Group C: placebo. The first group received Zolpidem with the dose of 5 mg for 8 weeks. The second group received Nigella sativa with the dose of 600 mg for 8 weeks. The third group received placebo for 8 weeks. After two months, the Pittsburg questionnaire was filled again.
Results: In the nigella sativa group, we had not significant improvement in sleep quality (p =0.07), hot flashes (p =0.15), palpitation (p =0.56) and night sweets (p =0.08).  In zolpidem group, we have seen lack of improvement of hot flashes (p =0.73), and palpitation (p =0.36), which are nonsignificant statistically according to p values, but in zolpidem group, we had significant improvement in sleep quality (p =0.01), and night sweats (p =0.049).
Conclusion: It seems that zolpidem has some effect on improving the quality of sleep in postmenopausal women. zolpidem also is good for night sweats. Nigella sativa was not effective in vasomotor symptoms and sleep quality.
Clinical Pregnancy after Elimination of Embryo Fragments Before Fresh Cleavage-Stage Embryo Transfer
Authors: Sordia-Hernandez Luis H. , Morales-Martinez Felipe A. , Frazer-Moreira Lorna M. , Villarreal-Pineda Lilith , Sordia-Piñeyro María Ofelia , Valdez-Martinez Otto H.
Published: November 2020

Objective: To determine if the elimination of fragments in cleavage-stage embryos, before fresh transfer, improves pregnancy rates in in vitro fertilization cycles.
Materials and methods: This is a Prospective observational case-control study carried out at a University Reproductive Center. We included Twenty-six infertile patients divided into two groups. Group one: 13 patients with embryos classified as grade B and C (embryos with fragments) according to the Hill classification, and Group two: 13 patients with grade A embryos (embryos with no fragments). Embryo Defragmentation was performed in embryos of group one 65 to 68 hours after conventional fertilization. Fresh embryo transfer was made after two hours post fragments removal. Reproductive results were evaluated and compared between both groups.
Results: The total number of clinical pregnancies was nine. In group one there were 5 (38.5 %); in group two, there were 4 (30.8%). The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.68). Two abortions were reported in the study, both in group one; were fragment elimination was performed. This represents an abortion rate of 40% in patients who got pregnant in this group. These patients had twice the probability of suffering an abortion (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.4-3.37). Ongoing pregnancies were similar in both groups.
Conclusion: Removal of fragments in freshly transferred day three embryos could be an alternative to increase clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rates in patients who have only poor-quality embryos. Despite the relationship with a higher abortion rate, this strategy could represent a real alternative for this type of patient.
Molar Changes with a Normal Viable Fetus: A Case Report
Authors: Farazestanian Marjaneh , Maleki Asieh , Bolandi Somayeh , Yousefi Zohreh , Hasanzadeh Malihe , Shirinzadeh Laya , Kamandi Sara
Published: November 2020

Objective: The presence of a normal fetus with normal karyotype accompanied by molar changes in the placenta is a rare condition, which carries a significant risk to the mother and fetus. There is a controversy regarding the proper management of this condition. Here, we present the case of a singleton pregnancy that showed molar changes in the pathological study of the placenta, but ended up with a normal viable neonate.
Case Report: A 23-year-old primigravida woman, with a 3-year history of infertility, presented with vaginal bleeding and spotting. Her ß-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) at 13th week was 36500 mIU/ml. Serial sonography assessments were suggestive for molar changes and a normal fetus with growth retardation but normal Doppler assessment. The patient underwent elective Cesarean section at 37 weeks gestation and a healthy female neonate with an Apgar score of 9-10, weighing 2270 g was born. Pathological assessment of the placenta confirmed the diagnosis of incomplete hydatidiform mole. After two months, the mother had no complications, her ß-HCG level was untraceable, and the infant was in good condition.
Conclusion: Despite being a rare condition, partial moles can be accompanied by delivery of a normal fetus. The management of this condition still remains challenging and should be done under close monitoring with extreme caution.
Zmiany parametrów mieszaniny gazu ziemnego z wodorem w trakcie eksploatacji komory magazynowej w kawernie solnej
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Budak Paweł , Szpunar Tadeusz ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: November 2020

Underground gas stores are built in depleted gas reservoirs or in salt domes or salt caverns. In the case of salt caverns, the store space for gas is created by leaching the salt using water. Gas stores in salt caverns are capable to provide the distribution network with large volumes of gas in a short time and cover the peak demand for gas. The salt caverns are also capable to store large volumes of gas in case when there is too much gas on a market. Generally, the salt caverns are used to mitigate the fluctuation of gas demand, specifically during winter. The gas provided to the distribution network must satisfy the requirements regarding its heating value, calorific value, volumetric content of hydrogen and the Wobbe number. Large hydrogen content reduces the calorific value as well as the heating value of gas and thus its content must be regulated to keep these values at the acceptable level. One should also remember that every portion of gas which was used to create the gas/hydrogen mixture may have different parameters (heating value and calorific value) because it may come from different sources. The conclusion is that the hydrogen content and the heating value must be known at every moment of gas store exploitation. The paper presents an algorithm and a computer program which may be used to calculate the hydrogen content (volumetric percentage), heating value and calorific value (plus the Wobbe number) of gas collected from the salt cavern at every moment of cavern exploitation. The possibility of the presence of non-flammable components in the mixture and their effect on the heat of combustion / calorific value were considered. An exemplary calculation is provided.
Korelacja skuteczności działania środków dyspergujących o różnym mechanizmie upłynniania
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Kremieniewski Marcin
Published: November 2020

Effective borehole sealing depends on many properties of the cement slurry. The rheological parameters are the most important. Designing the cement slurry with the required values of plastic viscosity, yield point or consistency coefficient contributes to the efficient performance of the cementing procedure and allows for effective filling of the cemented space outside the tubing. In order to adjust rheological parameters to technological requirements, dispersants are used. The operation of these plasticizers or superplasticizers is related to their chemical structure, which determines their liquefaction mechanism. Therefore, in order to properly select a fluidizing agent, it is beneficial to become familiar with its mechanism of operation, thanks to which it will be possible to use the optimal amounts for a given cement slurry recipe. The publication discusses the effectiveness of dispersing agents depending on their liquefaction mechanism. The research work carried out consisted in the modification of the cement slurry with the use of sodium salts of polycondensates of naphthalene sulfonic acids and a polymer dispersant based on carboxylates. Amounts of dispersant ranging from 0.05% (bwoc) to 1.0% (bwoc) were used. The rheological parameters described by means of five rheological models, i.e. Newton, Bingham, Ostwald de Waele, Casson and Herschele-Bulkley, were tested for the cement slurries. The main goal of the work presented in the article was to conduct a correlation analysis of the change in rheological parameters of slurries modified with dispersants belonging to different groups depending on their liquefaction mechanism. Thanks to this, it was possible to indicate the effectiveness of the dispersing additives depending on the amount of the fluid used belonging to a specific group. The work carried out is helpful in determining the optimal amount of dispersing agent depending on its type (mechanism of action).
Genre Based Approach An Alternative in Teaching Comparison and Contrast Essay
Authors: Basori Basori
Published: November 2020

Writing as one of the productive skills is offered as a required course in many English language program at many universities. However, research showed that teaching writing skill faced some challenges. Therefore, this article offered an approach that shed the light. The article discussed a description of what a comparison and contrast essay in general, the definition of Genre Based Approach in teaching writing and the application of GBA in teaching comparison and contrast essay. The article serve as a reference for teachers in teaching comparison and contrast essay for academic writing and other purposes.
Pemberian Serbuk Biji Kelor pada Limbah Cair Rumah Pemotongan Ayam Tradisional Mampu Menurunkan Jumlah Escherichia coli
Authors: Saputra I Dewa Ketut Ari , Suada I Ketut , Merdana I Made
Published: November 2020

Serbuk biji kelor dapat berperan sebagai koagulan alami untuk memperbaiki kualitas air, mereduksi logam berat, menurunkan jumlah bakteri Escherichia coli dan alga serta sebagai surfaktan / hidrofilik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh serbuk biji kelor pada konsentrasi berbeda terhadap jumlah E. coli pada limbah Rumah Pemotongan Ayam tradisional (RPA). Pada penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola split-time. Bakteri E. coli dihitung dengan metode penumbuhan pada media EMBA (eosin methylene blue agar). Faktor utama yaitu konsentrasi serbuk biji kelor sebagai berikut ; 0 mg / L, 50 mg / L, 100 mg / L, 150 mg / L dan 200 mg / L, dengan faktor tambahan adalah waktu pengendapan yaitu 0 menit, 20 menit, 40 menit, 60 menit. Hasil sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa serbuk biji kelor berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah bakteri E. coli pada limbah RPA tradisional. Dengan konsentrasi terbaik serbuk biji kelor, 200 mg/L dan lama pengendapan yakni 60 menit, memberikan pengaruh terhadap penurunan jumlah E. coli pada limbah RPA tradisional.
Daya Hidup dan Motilitas Spermatozoa Ayam Cemani dalam Pengencer Kuning Telur Fosfat pada Penyimpanan 4C
Authors: Haq Nurul Ikhsanul , Bebas Wayan , Laksmi Nyoman Dewi Indira
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hidup dan motilitas spermatozoa ayam cemani yang disimpan pada suhu 4oC dengan pengencer kuning telur fosfat. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua ekor ayam cemani jantan berumur kurang lebih delapan bulan sebagai sumber semen. Ayam jantan cemani diberi pakan, jagung, dan konsentrat dengan perbandingan 1:1 dan diberi air secukupnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tujuh perlakuan yaitu: kelompok I (To); kelompok kontrol semen disimpan 0 jam. Kelompok II (T1); semen disimpan selama 12 jam. Kelompok III (T2); semen disimpan selama 24 jam. Kelompok IV (T3); semen disimpan selama 36 jam. Kelompok V (T4); semen disimpan selama 48 jam Kelompok VI (T5); semen disimpan selama 60 jam. Kelompok VII (T6); semen disimpan selama 72 jam. Variabel yang diamati selama penyimpanan adalah daya hidup dan motilitas progresif spermatozoa. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan jika berbeda nyata. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa lama penyimpanan semen berpengaruh nyata terhadap motilitas dan daya hidup sperma dengan motilitas 56,25% dan daya hidup 51,25%. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyimpanan semen ayam cemani pada suhu 4oC dengan menggunakan pengencer kuning telur fosfat menghasilkan motilitas dan daya hidup spermatozoa yang masih layak digunakan sampai 60 jam penyimpanan.
Hydrotropy – A Solubility Enhancement Tool for the
Estimation of Cefdinir in its Suspension Dosage Form by UVSpectroscopy
Authors: A Susmitha , Kumar. E Gireesh
Published: November 2020

Present work describes development and validation of a simple, novel, accurate,
precise, economical and reproducible spectrophotometric method in ultraviolet region for the
assay of Cefdinir in suspension formulation using sodium bicarbonate and distilled water (1:9)
as hydrotropic solvent. Cefdinir exhibits absorption maxima at 287nm in hydrotropic solvent.
Beer’s law was found to be obeyed in the concentration range of 2.5-17.5μg/ml. The
developed method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. The calibration plot was linear
over the concentration range investigated (2.5–17.5µg/ml) for Cefdinir in hydrotropic solvent
with correlation coefficient, r2
, 0.99903. The method is accurate, precise and economical. In
this proposed method, there was no interference from common pharmaceutical excipients. The
proposed method is therefore successfully used for the routine analysis of the Cefdinir in its
suspension dosage form.
Achieving Net Zero Carbon Dioxide by Sequestering Biomass Carbon
Authors: Amelse Jeffrey
Published: November 2020

Many corporations aspire to become Net Zero Carbon Dioxide by 2030-2050. This paper examines what it will take. It requires understanding where energy is produced and consumed, the magnitude of CO2 generation, and the Carbon Cycle. Reviews are provided for prior technologies for reducing CO2 emissions from fossil to focus on their limitations and to show that none offer a complete solution. Both biofuels and CO2 sequestration reduce future CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. They will not remove CO2 already in the atmosphere. Planting trees has been proposed as one solution. Trees are a temporary solution. When they die, they decompose and release their carbon as CO2 to the atmosphere. The only way to permanently remove CO2 already in the atmosphere is to break the Carbon Cycle by growing biomass from atmospheric CO2 and sequestering biomass carbon. Permanent sequestration of leaves is proposed as a solution. Leaves have a short Carbon Cycle time constant. They renew and decompose every year. Theoretically, sequestrating a fraction of the world’s tree leaves can get the world to Net Zero without disturbing the underlying forests. This would be CO2 capture in its simplest and most natural form. Permanent sequestration may be achieved by redesigning landfills to discourage decomposition. In traditional landfills, waste undergoes several stages of decomposition, including rapid initial aerobic decomposition to CO2, followed by slow anaerobic decomposition to methane and CO2. The latter can take hundreds to thousands of years. Understanding landfill chemistry provides clues to disrupting decomposition at each phase.
Implementing WHO Guidance on Conducting and Analysing Vaccination Coverage Cluster Surveys: Two Examples from Nigeria
Authors: Wagai John Ndegwa , Rhoda Dale A. , Prier Mary L. , Trimner Mary Kay , Clary Caitlin B. , Oteri Joseph , Okposen Bassey , Adeniran Adeyemi , Danovaro-Holliday M. Carolina , Cutts Felicity T.
Published: November 2020

In 2015, the World Health Organization substantially revised its guidance for vaccination coverage cluster surveys (revisions were finalized in 2018) and has since developed a set of accompanying resources, including definitions for standardized coverage indicators and software (named the Vaccination Coverage Quality Indicators - VCQI) to calculate them. The current WHO vaccination coverage survey manual was used to design and conduct two nationally representative vaccination coverage surveys in Nigeria – one to assess routine immunization and one to measure post-measles campaign coverage. The primary analysis for both surveys was conducted using VCQI. In this paper, we describe those surveys and highlight some of the analyses that are facilitated by the new resources. In addition to calculating coverage of each vaccine-dose by age group, VCQI analyses provide insight into several indicators of program quality such as crude coverage versus valid doses, vaccination timeliness, missed opportunities for simultaneous vaccination, and, where relevant, vaccination campaign coverage stratified by several parameters, including the number of previous doses received. The VCQI software furnishes several helpful ways to visualize survey results. We show that routine coverage of all vaccines is far below targets in Nigeria and especially low in northeast and northwest zones, which also have highest rates of dropout and missed opportunities for vaccination. Coverage in the 2017 measles campaign was higher and showed less geospatial variation than routine coverage. Nonetheless, substantial improvement in both routine program performance and campaign implementation will be needed to achieve disease control goals.
Oocyte Selection for in vitro embryo Production in Bovine Species: Non-Invasive Approaches for the New Challenges of Oocyte Competence
Authors: Aguila Luis , Treulen Favian , Therrien Jacinthe , Felmer Ricardo , Valdivia Martha , C Smith Lawrence
Published: November 2020

The efficiency of producing embryos using in vitro technologies in livestock species rarely exceeds the 30 to 40% threshold, indicating that the proportion of oocytes that fail to develop after in vitro fertilization and culture is considerably large. Considering that the intrinsic quality of the oocyte is one of the main factors affecting blastocyst yield, the precise identification of non-invasive cellular or molecular markers that predict oocyte competence is of major interest to research and practical applications. The aim of this review was to explore the current literature on different non-invasive markers associated with oocyte quality in the bovine model. Apart from some controversial findings, the presence of cycle-related structures in ovaries, a follicle size between 6 and 10 mm, large number of surrounding cumulus cells, slightly expanded investment without dark areas, large oocyte diameter (>120 microns), dark cytoplasm, and the presence of a round and smooth first polar body have been associated to better competence. In addition, the combination of oocyte and zygote selection by BCB test and spindle imaging have the potential to further optimize the identification of oocytes with better developmental competence for in vitro-derived technologies in livestock species.
An Empirical Study on the Impact of Environmental Tax and Government Innovation Subsidy on Enterprise Green Process Innovation
Authors: Liu Haiyun , Li Yue , Song Dan
Published: November 2020

China is in the climbing phase of the "Inverted U" environmental Kuznets curve, from excessive environmental consumption to the development stage of governance and protection, and green innovation. It is the most complex period of environmental quality. Environmental and policy regulation are very important. Select panel data of 29 provinces of China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Hainan and Tibet) from 2008 to 2017, construct a nonlinear two-threshold regression model, empirically analyse the impact of environmental tax and government innovation subsidies to green processes innovation, and attempt to explore whether the implementation of these two policies at the same time can make enterprises more inclined to green process innovation and whether there is an optimal space for policy implementation. It is proposed that the synergy effect of environmental tax and government innovation subsidy policies on enterprise green process innovation should be fully utilized, and the enterprise green process innovation environment and incentive mechanism should be improved to promote the green transformation and sustainable development of enterprises.
Suicidal Ideation, Plans and Attempts: Prevalence and Associated Factors in School-Going Adolescents in Sierra Leone in 2017
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl
Published: November 2020

Background: The study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation, plans and attempts among middle school students in Sierra Leone. Method: Data from 2,798 adolescents (15 years of median age) that responded to the cross-sectional “2017 Sierra Leone Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)” were analysed. Results: The prevalence of past 12-month suicidal ideation was 14.2%, suicide plans 16.0%, and suicide attempts 19.1%. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, worry-induced sleep disturbance (Adjusted Odds Ratio-AOR: 1.84, 95% Confidence Interval-CI: 1.32-2.57), bullied (AOR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.77-4.74), trouble from alcohol use (AOR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.03-3.50), and leisure-time sedentary behaviour (AOR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.18-4.98) were associated with suicidal ideation. Bullied (AOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.46-3.95) and current cannabis use (AOR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.51-4.09) were associated with suicide plans in the past 12 months. No close friends (AOR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.46-4.72) loneliness (AOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08-2.66), bullied (AOR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.66-3.28), trouble from alcohol use (AOR: 4.01, 95% CI: 2.25-7.13) and current cannabis use (AOR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.37-6.25) were positively and school attendance (AOR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42-0.92) negatively associated with suicide attempts in the past 12 months. Conclusion: Almost one in five students had made suicide attempts in the past 12 months and several associated variables were discovered that can assist in designing interventions.
Explainable AI Framework for Multivariate Hydrochemical Time Series
Authors: Thrun Michael , Ultsch Alfred , Breuer Lutz
Published: November 2020

The understanding of water quality and its underlying processes is important for the protection of aquatic environments enabling the rare opportunity of access to a domain expert. Hence, an explainable AI (XAI) framework is proposed that is applicable to multivariate time series resulting in explanations that are interpretable by a domain expert. The XAI combines in three steps a data-driven choice of a distance measure with explainable cluster analysis through supervised decision trees. The multivariate time series consists of water quality measurements, including nitrate, electrical conductivity, and twelve other environmental parameters. The relationships between water quality and the environmental parameters are investigated by identifying similar days within a cluster and dissimilar days between clusters. The XAI does not depend on prior knowledge about data structure, and its explanations are tendentially contrastive. The relationships in the data can be visualized by a topographic map representing high-dimensional structures. Two comparable decision-based XAIs were unable to provide meaningful and relevant explanations from the multivariate time series data. Open-source code in R for the three steps of the XAI framework is provided.