bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“È importante essere bravo”: Riflessioni antropologiche su dinamiche linguistiche e accoglienza
Authors: Zanini Roberta Clara
Published: June 2024

Questo articolo intende proporre alcune riflessioni di carattere etnografico e antropologico condotte nell’ambito di una indagine sociolinguistica sulle dinamiche linguistiche fra locali e richiedenti asilo in Valle d’Aosta. L’indagine sulle pratiche linguistiche che coinvolgono migranti e attori locali offre un corpus di elementi che possiamo utilizzare, in aggiunta a quelli derivanti dall’osservazione etnografica, per mettere in chiaro gli intrecci fra le pratiche e le retoriche dell’accoglienza. Indagare le dinamiche linguistiche, infatti, ha consentito di far emergere opacità, ambiguità e retoriche contradditorie e ambivalenti nelle narrazioni di chi è coinvolto, con posizionamenti e ruoli variegati, nel processo di accoglienza. Da un lato si metterà in evidenza come, anche in un contesto complessivamente positivo di accoglienza diffusa, un linguaggio paternalistico e basato su una logica asimmetrica di aspettative strutturi la relazione fra differenti figure. Inoltre, si vedrà come il sistema dell’accoglienza, nell’appoggiarsi strutturalmente su attività di tipo volontario, agisca attraverso retoriche e pratiche di scarico delle responsabilità sul singolo individuo, sia esso un migrante che deve dimostrare autonomia o un volontario, a cui è spesso demandato il non facile compito di accompagnare il percorso di integrazione.
Anna Casella Paltrinieri, ed, Incontri transatlantici. Il Brasile negli studi dell’antropologia italiana, Aprilia (RM), Novalogos editrice, 2012, pp. 350
Authors: Castaldini Alberto
Published: June 2024

Book review of Anna Casella Paltrinieri, ed, Incontri transatlantici. Il Brasile negli studi dell’antropologia italiana, Aprilia (RM), Novalogos editrice, 2012, pp. 350.
Vintilă Mihăilescu: Main publications
Authors: Iancu Bogdan , Stroe Monica , Zerilli (eds) Filippo M.
Published: June 2024

Main publication of Vintilă Mihăilescu.
Antonio Gramsci, Waddah Charara and Walter Benjamin: A walk on the wild side of intellectual militancy
Authors: Koensler Alexander
Published: June 2024

Review article of Giovanni Pizza, L’antropologia di Gramsci: Corpo, natura, mutazione, Milano, Carocci, 2020, pp. 182; Fadi A. Bardawil, Revolution and disenchantment: Arab Marxism and the binds of emancipation, Durham, Duke University Press, 2020, pp. 280; Tilla Rudel, Walter Benjamin: L’angelo assassinato, traduzione di Lorenza Canepa, Milano, Excelsior 1881, 2007, pp. 182 [ed. orig. Walter Benjamin: L'ange assassiné, Mengès, Paris, 2006, pp. 208].
On the middle class: Auto-anthropology and social class
Authors: Capello Carlo
Published: June 2024

Review article of Hadas Weiss, We have never been middle class, London and New York, Verso, 2019, pp. 176; Caitlin Zaloom, Indebted: How families make college work at any cost, Princeton and Oxford, Princeton University Press, 2019, pp. 280.
Alessandro D’Amato, ed, Cocchiara e l’Inghilterra: Saggi di giornalismo etnografico, Bari, Edizioni di Pagina, 2012, pp. 239
Authors: Imbriani Eugenio
Published: June 2024

Book review of Alessandro D’Amato, ed, Cocchiara e l’Inghilterra. Saggi di giornalismo etnografico, Bari, Edizioni di Pagina, 2012, pp. 239.
Constantin Bărbulescu, Physicians, peasants and modern medicine: Imagining rurality in Romania, 1860-1910, traduzione di Angela Jianu, Budapest, Central European University Press, 2019, pp. 308
Authors: Tognotti Eugenia
Published: June 2024

Recensione di Constantin Bărbulescu, Physicians, peasants and modern medicine: Imagining rurality in Romania, 1860-1910, traduzione di Angela Jianu, Budapest, Central European University Press, 2019, pp. 308.
Rischio epidemiologico e politiche della salute: Un’intervista a Tullio Seppilli
Authors: Seppilli Tullio , Lima Rita De Cássia Gabrielli Souza
Published: June 2024

In questa intervista Tullio Seppilli mostra l’utilità della nozione di rischio sanitario se finalizzato alla sua riduzione attraverso interventi pubblici, migliorando le condizioni di vita e riducendo le disuguaglianze. Nell’introdurre la nozione di salute come bene comune, Seppilli concettualizza sia la dimensione sociale della malattia sia l’importanza dell’agency dei soggetti per una gestione comunitaria della salute.
La fine del mondo: A “phantom book” finally resolved in value
Authors: Zinn Dorothy Louise
Published: June 2024

Comment on Ernesto De Martino, La fine del mondo. Contributo all’analisi delle apocalissi culturali, new edition, edited by Giordana Charuty, Daniel Fabre and Marcello Massenzio, 2019 [fr. ed. La fin du monde. Essai sur les apocalypses culturelles, Éditions EHESS, 2016].
Réponse aux commentaires
Authors: Charuty Giordana
Published: June 2024

Risposta ai commenti su Ernesto De Martino, La fine del mondo. Contributo all’analisi delle apocalissi culturali, nuova edizione a cura di Giordana Charuty, Daniel Fabre e Marcello Massenzio, 2019 [ed. fr. La fin du monde. Essai sur les apocalypses culturelles, Éditions EHESS, 2016].
Arianna Cecconi, I sogni vengono da fuori: Esplorazioni sulla notte nelle Ande peruviane, prefazione di Carmen Salazar-Soler, Firenze, Ed.it, 2012, pp. 307
Authors: Faldini Luisa
Published: June 2024

Book review of Arianna Cecconi, I sogni vengono da fuori: Esplorazioni sulla notte nelle Ande peruviane, prefazione di Carmen Salazar-Soler, Firenze, Ed.it, 2012, pp. 307.
Building new horizons of value, care and freedom
Authors: Alves de Matos Patrícia
Published: June 2024

In this brief piece, I want to pay tribute to David Graeber for how he articulated the relation between value, care and freedom as a path toward more equal and fair livelihood horizons. I will consider the broad contribution of one of his most widely read books about value and some of his public interventions on care and freedom.
David Graeber: l’antropologia impossibile e l’anarchia possibile
Authors: Deiana Alessandro
Published: June 2024

Queste riflessioni in memoria di David Graeber si soffermano su alcuni dei momenti della sua opera che mostrano contemporaneamente taluni limiti oggettivi dell’antropologia e la forza nascosta di una filosofia politica come l’anarchismo. Si tratta della sua etnografia militante dei movimenti sociali e della sua idea di comunismo della vita quotidiana: la prima mi fa pensare che esista un’antropologia impossibile; la seconda invece che l’anarchia sia possibile.
The eternal return of normality
Authors: Sanò Giuliana
Published: June 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought to light the central link between international mobility, migration policies and economic nationalism in Italy. Drawing on ethnographic data collected during and after the national lockdown, this article focuses on the motivations behind the amnesty approved in 2021 by the government as part of the “Decreto Rilancio”, which was aimed at regularising the status of undocumented migrant workers employed in those sectors of the labour market considered essential (agriculture, domestic and care work). Through the categories of essentiality and invisibility, the ambivalent role played by migrants within the labour market and the national economy are investigated, with a particular focus on the agri-food sector. Above all, the article focuses on the paradoxes made explicit by the amnesty introduced during the pandemic. The scarcity of submitted applications, especially in the agricultural sector, proved its complete ineffectiveness. This article aims to show how, in the face of the essentiality and numerical centrality of the migrant labour force within the agri-food sector, the national economic policy still does not recognise those workers’ importance, encouraging exploitative practices and policies of socio-economic marginalisation.
Maurizio Ferraris, Documanità: Filosofia del mondo nuovo, Bari, Laterza, 2021, pp. 417
Authors: Persichetti Alessandra , Santalucia Salvatore
Published: June 2024

Recensione di Maurizio Ferraris, Documanità: Filosofia del mondo nuovo, Bari, Laterza, 2021, pp. 417.
Sandra Puccini, Uomini e cose: Esposizioni, Collezioni, Musei, Roma, Cisu, 2012, pp. 144
Authors: Faldini Luisa
Published: June 2024

Book review of Sandra Puccini, Uomini e cose. Esposizioni, Collezioni, Musei, Roma, Cisu, 2012, pp. 144.
Ashish Kothari, Ariel Salleh, Arturo Escobar, Federico Demaria, Alberto Acosta, eds, Pluriverso: Dizionario del Post-Sviluppo, edizione italiana a cura di Maura Benegiamo, Alice Dal Gobbo, Emanuele Leonardi, Salvo Torre, Pisa, Orthotes, 2021, pp. 491
Authors: Centemeri Laura
Published: June 2024

Recensione di Ashish Kothari, Ariel Salleh, Arturo Escobar, Federico Demaria, Alberto Acosta, eds, Pluriverso: Dizionario del Post-Sviluppo, edizione italiana a cura di Maura Benegiamo, Alice Dal Gobbo, Emanuele Leonardi, Salvo Torre, Pisa, Orthotes, 2021, pp. 491.
Mauro Van Aken, Campati per aria, Milano, Elèuthera, 2020, pp. 272
Authors: Falconieri Irene
Published: June 2024

Recensione di Mauro Van Aken, Campati per aria, Milano, Elèuthera, 2020, pp. 272.
Gramsci’s folklore bundle
Authors: Crehan Kate
Published: June 2024

Contributo a Anniversary Forum Cirese 101: Rileggere le “Osservazioni sul folclore” di Antonio Gramsci, Antonio Maria Pusceddu, Filippo M. Zerilli, a cura di, Anuac, 11, 1, 2022.
Bronislaw Malinowski, l’antropologia pratica, la politica e il colonialismo
Authors: Colajanni Antonino
Published: June 2024

This essay aims at reconstructing – from an historical-critical point of view – the growing interest, in Bronislaw Malinowski’s work, for practical anthropology, for the relations between politics and anthropological research, and finally for the relations of the discipline with colonialism. At the same time, the essay seeks to assess the critical literature of the last decades, frequently based on undocumented and superficial assumptions on the relations between anthropology and colonialism. These critiques are often excessively severe, quick and superficial, and hardly based on a careful analysis of the specific socio-cultural contexts of the different types of colonies. Those studies often had the tendency to “project” onto the past, ideas, sensibilities and political choices of the present. Then, we have appreciated and considered valuables some accurate and documented studies on Malinowski as those by E. Gellner, B. Berman, I. Niehaus, F. Focks, and then the general essays of H. Kuklick and G. Stocking. Finally, great importance is devoted to Malinowski’s posthumous books The dynamics of culture change. An inquiry into race relations in Africa (1945), and Freedom and civilisation (1947).
Seasoned with tears and saudades: Flavours, memories and traditions among Portuguese immigrants in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Santos de Matos Maria Izilda
Published: June 2024

This research focuses tastes, habits, eating practices and traditions of the Portuguese emigrated to São Paulo, Brasil. These food experiences were investigated by oral history (totaling 25 interviews) and several other documents, revealing memories of flavors, seasoned with tears and saudades.
An interview with Marshall Sahlins: The destruction of conscience in the National Academy of Sciences
Authors: Price David  H.
Published: June 2024

An interview with Marshall Sahlins.
Donato Martucci, ed, 2012, Le terre albanesi redente II. Ciameria, Cosenza, Comet Editor Press, pp. 207
Authors: Imbriani Eugenio
Published: June 2024

Book review of Donato Martucci, ed, 2012, Le terre albanesi redente II. Ciameria, Cosenza, Comet Editor Press, pp. 207.
Enzo Vinicio Alliegro, 2011, Antropologia italiana: Storia e storiografia 1869-1975, Firenze, Seid, pp. 639
Authors: Pusceddu Antonio Maria
Published: June 2024

Book review of Enzo Vinicio Alliegro, 2011, Antropologia italiana: Storia e storiografia 1869-1975, Firenze, Seid, pp. 639.
Fantastic Kenojuak Ashevak
Authors: Bogliolo Bruna Giulia
Published: June 2024

Various news.
Microglia aging in the hippocampus advances through intermediate states that drive inflammatory activation and cognitive decline
Authors: Shea Jeremy M. , Villeda Saul A.
Published: June 2024

During aging, microglia – the resident macrophages of the brain – exhibit dystrophic phenotypes and contribute to age-related neuroinflammation. While numerous hallmarks of age-related microglia dystrophy have been elucidated, the progression from homeostasis to dysfunction during the aging process remains unresolved. To bridge this gap in knowledge, we undertook complementary cellular and molecular analyses of microglia in the mouse hippocampus across the adult lifespan and in the experimental aging model of heterochronic parabiosis. Single-cell RNA-Seq and pseudotime analysis revealed age-related transcriptional heterogeneity in hippocampal microglia and identified intermediate states of microglial aging that also emerge following heterochronic parabiosis. We tested the functionality of intermediate stress response states via TGFβ1 and translational states using pharmacological approaches
in vitro
to reveal their modulation of the progression to an inflammatory state. Furthermore, we utilized single-cell RNA-Seq in conjunction with an
in vivo
adult microglia-specific
Tgfb1
conditional genetic knockout mouse model, to demonstrate that microglia advancement through intermediate aging states drives inflammatory activation and associated hippocampal-dependent cognitive decline.
Establishing the foundations for a data-centric AI approach for virtual drug screening through a systematic assessment of the properties of chemical data
Authors: Chong Allen , Phua Ser-Xian , Xiao Yunzhi , Ng Woon Yee , Li Hoi Yeung , Goh Wilson Wen Bin
Published: June 2024

Researchers have adopted model-centric artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in cheminformatics by using newer, more sophisticated AI methods to take advantage of growing chemical libraries. It has been shown that complex deep learning methods outperform conventional machine learning (ML) methods in QSAR and ligand-based virtual screening
1–3
but such approaches generally lack explanability. Hence, instead of developing more sophisticated AI methods (i.e., pursuing a model-centric approach), we wanted to explore the potential of a data-centric AI paradigm for virtual screening. A data-centric AI is an intelligent system that would automatically identify the right type of data to collect, clean and curate for later use by a predictive AI and this is required given the large volumes of chemical data that exist in chemical databases – PubChem alone has over 100 million unique compounds. However, a systematic assessment of the attributes and properties of suitable data is needed. We show here that it is not the result of deficiencies in current AI algorithms but rather, poor understanding and erroneous use of chemical data that ultimately leads to poor predictive performance. Using a new benchmark dataset of BRAF ligands that we developed, we show that our best performing predictive model can achieve an unprecedented accuracy of 99% with a conventional ML algorithm (SVM) using a merged molecular representation (Extended + ECFP6 fingerprints), far surpassing past performances of virtual screening platforms using sophisticated deep learning methods. Thus, we demonstrate that it is not necessary to resort to the use of sophisticated deep learning algorithms for virtual screening because conventional ML can perform exceptionally well if given the right data and representation. We also show that the common use of decoys for training leads to high false positive rates and its use for testing will result in an over-optimistic estimation of a model’s predictive performance. Another common practice in virtual screening is defining compounds that are above a certain pharmacological threshold as inactives. Here, we show that the use of these so-called inactive compounds lowers a model’s sensitivity/recall. Considering that some target proteins have a limited number of known ligands, we wanted to also observe how the size and composition of the training data impact predictive performance. We found that an imbalance training dataset where inactives outnumber actives led to a decrease in recall but an increase in precision, regardless of the model or molecular representation used; and overall, we observed a decrease in the model’s accuracy. We highlight in this study some of the considerations that one needs to take into account in future development of data-centric AI for CADD.
Establishing the foundations for a data-centric AI approach for virtual drug screening through a systematic assessment of the properties of chemical data
Authors: Chong Allen , Phua Ser-Xian , Xiao Yunzhi , Ng Woon Yee , Li Hoi Yeung , Goh Wilson Wen Bin
Published: June 2024

Researchers have adopted model-centric artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in cheminformatics by using newer, more sophisticated AI methods to take advantage of growing chemical libraries. It has been shown that complex deep learning methods outperform conventional machine learning (ML) methods in QSAR and ligand-based virtual screening 1–3 but such approaches generally lack explanability. Hence, instead of developing more sophisticated AI methods (i.e., pursuing a model-centric approach), we wanted to explore the potential of a data-centric AI paradigm for virtual screening. A data-centric AI is an intelligent system that would automatically identify the right type of data to collect, clean and curate for later use by a predictive AI and this is required given the large volumes of chemical data that exist in chemical databases – PubChem alone has over 100 million unique compounds. However, a systematic assessment of the attributes and properties of suitable data is needed. We show here that it is not the result of deficiencies in current AI algorithms but rather, poor understanding and erroneous use of chemical data that ultimately leads to poor predictive performance. Using a new benchmark dataset of BRAF ligands that we developed, we show that our best performing predictive model can achieve an unprecedented accuracy of 99% with a conventional ML algorithm (SVM) using a merged molecular representation (Extended+ ECFP6 fingerprints), far surpassing past performances of virtual screening platforms using sophisticated deep learning methods. Thus, we demonstrate that it is not necessary to resort to the use of sophisticated deep learning algorithms for virtual screening because conventional ML can perform exceptionally well if given the right data and representation. We also show that the common use of decoys for training leads to high false positive rates and its use for testing will result in an over-optimistic estimation of a model’s predictive performance. Another common practice in virtual screening is defining compounds that are above a certain pharmacological threshold as inactives. Here, we show that the use of these so-called inactive compounds lowers a model’s sensitivity/recall. Considering that some target proteins have a limited number of known ligands, we wanted to also observe how the size and composition of the training data impact predictive performance. We found that an imbalance training dataset where inactives outnumber actives led to a decrease in recall but an increase in precision, regardless of the model or molecular representation used; and overall, we observed a decrease in the model’s accuracy. We highlight in this study some of the considerations that one needs to take into account in future development of data-centric AI for CADD.
Upregulated expression of ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 promotes PKM2 nuclear translocation and astrocyte activation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Yang Luting , Hu Chunqing , Chen Xiaowen , Zhang Jie , Feng Zhe , Xiao Yanxin , He Weitai , Cui Tingting , Zhang Xin , Yang Yang , Zhang Yaling , Yan Yaping
Published: June 2024

Reactive astrocytes play critical roles in the occurrence of various neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Activation of astrocytes is often accompanied by a glycolysis-dominant metabolic switch. However, the role and molecular mechanism of metabolic reprogramming in activation of astrocytes have not been clarified. Here, we found that PKM2, a notoriously known rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, displayed nuclear translocation in astrocytes of EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) mice, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Prevention of PKM2 nuclear import by DASA-58 significantly reduced the activation of primary astrocytes, which was observed by decreased proliferation, glycolysis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Most importantly, we identified the ubiquitination-mediated regulation of PKM2 nuclear import by ubiquitin ligase TRIM21. TRIM21 interacted with PKM2, promoted its nuclear translocation and stimulated its nuclear activity to phosphorylate STAT3, NF-κB and interact with c-myc. Further single-cell RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that TRIM21 expression was upregulated in astrocytes of EAE. TRIM21 overexpressing in primary astrocytes enhanced PKM2-dependent glycolysis and proliferation, which could be reversed by DASA-58. Moreover, intracerebroventricular injection of a lentiviral vector to knockdown TRIM21 in astrocytes or intraperitoneal injection of TEPP-46, which inhibit the nuclear translocation of PKM2, effectively decreased disease severity, CNS inflammation and demyelination in EAE. Collectively, our study provides novel insights into the pathological function of nuclear glycolytic enzyme PKM2 and ubiquitination-mediated regulatory mechanism that are involved in astrocyte activation. Targeting this axis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of astrocyte-involved neurological disease.
Introduction
Authors: Friedman Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2024

This introductory chapter considers how public opinion shapes foreign policy. It examines how issue–image trade-offs steer US foreign policy in a direction that is more costly and less cooperative than what voters want. President John F. Kennedy's appeal to “pay any price, bear any burden” is an example of an issue–image trade-off wherein a policy position is not popular on its merits but leaders nonetheless use to craft favorable impressions of their personal qualities. Thus, leaders build public support by making popular policy choices. The chapter discusses the important flaws with the United States' foreign policy discourse, citing that voters could subject potential presidents to a commander-in-chief test, but it is distorted US foreign policy.
The Hawk’s Advantage
Authors: Friedman Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2024

This chapter discusses how foreign policy issues shape the personal images of leaders. The American National Election Studies (ANES) data show that foreign policy hawks enjoy electoral advantages that revolve around the unique association that voters draw between foreign policy hawkishness and leadership strength. The chapter then introduces the defense spending differential, which represents the difference that an individual voter perceives in two presidential candidates' positions on military expenditures. It also offers the notion of leadership strength differential, which captures the leadership score for the candidate who seemed more hawkish on defense spending. Moreover, statistical findings also show how political leaders can use unpopular foreign policy positions as tools for building mass public support.
Food Sovereignty
Authors: Edelman Marc
Published: June 2024

This chapter examines the concept of “food sovereignty.” Since the mid-1990s, “food sovereignty” has emerged as a powerful mobilizing frame for social movements, a set of legal and quasi-legal norms and practices aimed at transforming food and agriculture systems, and a free-floating signifier filled with varying kinds of content. As a set of policy prescriptions, measures intended to enhance food sovereignty run the gamut from relatively conventional types of protectionism to innovative forms of linking small-scale producers and consumers. The chapter acknowledges that the idea of food sovereignty has gained extraordinary traction and that it has contributed in numerous ways and in many parts of the world to the realization of a progressive agenda on food and agriculture issues. At the same time, the concept and the way it is typically understood have several evident limitations. The chapter then analyzes several dimensions of food sovereignty that thus far have received insufficient attention and that are arguably important in understanding the history of food sovereignty and in advancing food sovereignty policies.
Defining “Peasant” at the United Nations Human Rights Council
Authors: Edelman Marc
Published: June 2024

This chapter identifies four different kinds of definition of “peasant.” The first comes from historical definitions, such as those from societies where peasants constituted an estate-like, caste-like, corporate, or subordinated social group characterized by specific restrictions on geographical or social mobility, limited rights, and obligations to provide services and perform particular deference behaviors for superordinate groups. Meanwhile, social scientific definitions come from anthropology and sociology and from the interdisciplinary fields of peasant studies and agrarian studies. Activist definitions are employed by agrarian movements, particularly La Via Campesina and its constituent organizations that self-identify as “peasants” (or “campesinos”). Finally, there are normative definitions proposed by civil society organizations and by the Advisory Committee of the Human Rights Council. It should be noted that definitions that arise (or arose) in the context of one of these categories sometimes spill over into one or more of the other categories.
Screening and verification of proteins that interact with the anthocyanin-related transcription factor PbrMYB114 in ‘Yuluxiang’ pear
Authors: Liu Qingwei , Gao Ge , Shang Chen , Li Tong , Wang Yadong , Li Liulin , Feng Xinxin
Published: June 2024

Despite extensive research highlighting the pivotal role of MYB transcription factors in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis, the interactive regulatory network involving these MYB factors in pear fruits remains inadequately characterized. In this study, the anthocyanin-regulatory gene PbrMYB114 was successfully cloned from ‘Yuluxiang’ pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) fruits, and its influence on anthocyanin accumulation was confirmed through transient expression assays. Specifically, the co-transformation of PbrMYB114 with its partner PbrbHLH3 in pears served to validate the functional role of PbrMYB114. Subsequently, PbrMYB114 was employed as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screening assay, using a ‘Yuluxiang’ pear protein library, which led to the identification of 25 interacting proteins. Further validation of the interactions between PbrMYB114 and PbrMT2/PbrMT3 was conducted. Investigations into the role of PbrMT2 and PbrMT3 in ‘Duli’ seedlings (Pyrus betulaefolia) revealed their potential to enhance anthocyanin accumulation. The outcomes of these studies provide novel insights into the protein network that regulates pear anthocyanin biosynthesis, particularly the functional interactions among PbrMYB114 and associated proteins.
Dios no tiene la menor idea
Authors: Pino Luna Nayareth
Published: June 2024

Sin resumen
Andrés Ferrada Aguilar. "Los paisajes urbanos en la escritura de José Donoso"
Authors: Alegría Corona Diego
Published: June 2024

Sin resumen
Museos para el Nuevo Mundo: cultura educación y sociedad en la obra de Lina Bo Bardi
Authors:   , Rodrígues Pereira Mariana
Published: June 2024

La existencia de los museos y sus transformaciones, tanto cómo instituciones cómo en términos formales y programáticos, reflejan las tensiones culturales, sociales y políticas de determinada sociedad, en un momento histórico concreto. Hoy, como espacio de manifestación de ideas y valores culturales, los museos están sometidos a una revisión crítica de su relación con el público, sus colecciones y formas de exposición. Siempre buscando establecer una función social vinculada a favorecer la accesibilidad, crear lazos de identificación y cooperar en la construcción de una educación liberadora. El caso de los espacios culturales de Lina Bo Bardi, arquitecta de origen italiano activa en Brasil, constituye un panorama significativo para estudiar algunas de estas cuestiones. Procedente de una Italia destruida por la guerra, Lina había tenido una corta y densa experiencia con importantes nombres de la vanguardia italiana cuando llegó a Brasil en 1946. En Latinoamérica enfrentó a un escenario de desequilibrio social, una vanguardia internacional en ascenso y una cultura en desarrollo. Junto con su marido, Pietro Maria Bardi, ven en este Nuevo Mundo una oportunidad para poner en marcha un proyecto cultural en el que el arte, como conocimiento, es un agente de transformación social. En sus proyectos de museos y centros culturales, Lina debatió sobre la modernización del país y la incorporación del pueblo y su cultura en este ámbito. Desde una perspectiva extranjera, mezcló los conocimientos adquiridos en Italia con sus experiencias en Brasil para crear y adaptar herramientas que, aplicadas a grandes proyectos culturales, intentaban responder a complejas cuestiones sociales.
Prácticas de liderazgo intermedio de directores de departamento : ejercicio de la influencia en educación superior : un estudio de caso
Authors:   , Inostroza Cofré Daniela
Published: June 2024

Una característica de las estructuras organizacionales en instituciones de educación superior es la variedad de unidades y centros que la conforman, exigiendo una compleja coordinación y ejercicio de liderazgo para desarrollar tareas y cumplir metas trazadas. A nivel intermedio en su estructura organizacional, quienes lideran equipos cumplen un rol fundamental y estratégico para que cada unidad asegure los diversos procesos para llevar a cabo las labores académicas. Pese a su importancia, existe escasa literatura que dé cuenta sobre su rol, tareas e influencia. Este estudio de caso único busca comprender el liderazgo intermedio de directores de departamento a partir de la descripción de funciones y prácticas, desafíos y oportunidades en una facultad perteneciente a una universidad chilena de alta exigencia. Por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas, la aplicación de una encuesta y estudio de documentación, se realizó un análisis temático cuyos resultados destacan la relevancia del contexto y fuentes de influencia que impactan en las prácticas y en la visión de oportunidades y desafíos dentro de cada unidad departamental.
Optimizing Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Yields: An Effect of Sowing Dates and Planting Densities in India Hot Arid Regions Under a Changing Climate
Authors: Reager Madan Lal , Chandra Subhash , Kishor Naval , Pant Richa , Chung Sang-Min , Alfarraj Saleh , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Badu Meenakshi , Tripathy Seema , Mohanty Ankita , Kumaraswamy S. , Kherawat Bhagwat Singh , Kesawat Mahipal Singh
Published: June 2024

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) holds immense significance as an oilseed crop on a global scale. The growth and development of plants, along with crop productivity, are substantially impacted by the adverse effects of global climate change. In view of this, a research initiative was undertaken to investigate the effects of distinct sowing dates and planting densities on the yield and economic aspects of groundnut in the hot arid region of Rajasthan, India. The experiment, conducted over a span of three years during the kharif seasons of 2017, 2018, and 2019 at Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. The experimental design utilized a split-plot layout with four replications, comprising nine treatments. The main plot treatments involved three different sowing dates (15th May, 30th May, and 15th June), while the sub-plot treatments encompassed three planting densities (1.67 lakh, 2.50 lakh, and 3.33 lakh plants per hectare). Notably, the diverse sowing dates and planting densities exhibited notable effects on groundnut yield and economic viability. Comparative analysis revealed that sowing on May 30th, while statistically comparable to June 15th sowing, yielded the highest number of branches, pegs, pods per plant, kernel and pod yield, net return, and benefit-cost ratio. Interestingly, the highest haulm yield per hectare was achieved with the May 15th sowing, yet the harvest index improved progressively as sowing was delayed from May 15th to June 15th. However, the various sowing dates had no discernible effect on kernels per pod, seed index, and shelling percentage. Furthermore, employing a planting density of 1.67 lakh plants per hectare was resulted in the highest counts of branches, pegs, pods, kernels per pod, seed index, and shelling percentage. Remarkably, the elevation in planting density up to 2.50 lakh plants per hectare led to enhanced kernel and pod yields, harvest index, and net return. In an intriguing interaction between sowing dates and plant populations, the most favorable pod yield, kernel yield, and net return were recorded with a planting density of 2.50 lakh plants per hectare for the May 30th sowing. These findings underscore the significant effect of sowing date and planting density on yield attributes and ultimately on groundnut yield in the challenging hot arid region. Therefore, the timing of sowing and the density of planting play pivotal roles in enhancing groundnut productivity within this region, particularly in light of the changing climate conditions.
Evaluation of Antibiogram Profile of Vibrio cholerae Isolates from Sea Foods and Water Samples from Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Ebob Tarh, Jacqueline , Henry Inyang Ikpeme
Published: June 2024

Aim: To evaluate the antibiogram profile of Vibrio cholerae [V. cholerae] strains isolated from Cross River State environment.
Study Design:  The cross-sectional study was a completely Randomized design because it is flexible and yields maximum degrees of freedom for any experimental errors.
Place and Duration of Study: This was conducted in the Department of Microbiology University of Cross River State Calabar, Nigeria, between 2022 and 2024.
Methodology: A total of 1,155 V. cholerae strains were isolated from water samples and sea foods from the North, Central and Southern geographical zones of CRS. This was done to have a complete picture of the spatial distribution of these MDR strains of the test bacterial strains. A total of 30 samples were assessed from three different locations in each geographical zone, for the presence of V. cholerae strains using conventional culture methods and isolates identified bio/serologically with commercial polyvalent and monovalent antisera. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocols, were implored, for testing the susceptibility of the isolates to 10 commercially used antibiotics.
Results: A total of 529±9.90 (45.8%) of the isolates showed resistance to Augmentin 30µg and 83±2.92 (7.17%) showed resistance to Gentamycin 10 µg. The overall percentage mean resistance by source, showed that the lowest resistance was from Cray fish (44.26±18.422%), and the highest was from Periwinkle (2.17±6.10%). It was also observed that the isolates from Ikom (CR Center) were the most resistant, with, 31.93±25.41%, followed by Calabar (CR South) with 24.54± 19.43% and Obanlikwu (CR North), the least with 9.07±18.80%. Statistically, significant differences were observed in the resistance pattern of the isolates from the different sources and locations, with significant values of .00 respectively (P=.05).
Conclusion: There are great Chances that human infections, caused by these environmental V. cholerae strains can arise from contacts with these environmental sources. There is therefore, a need to carry out a surveillance on these MDR V. cholerae strains to help curb any eventual case of cholera outbreak of in the state.
Generative KI und Deepfakes in der KI-VO — Für eine Positivkennzeichnung authentischer Inhalte
Authors: Becker Maximilian
Published: June 2024

KI-Modelle und -Systeme „mit allgemeinem Verwendungszweck“ (General Purpose AI, kurz: GPAI) haben zwei rechtspolitisch wichtige Ausprägungen: als Gefährdung von Kreativarbeitsplätzen sowie als Generatoren von Deepfakes. Letztere können - anders als noch vor ca. zwei Jahren - nun kostengünstig von jedermann in hervorragender Qualität hergestellt werden. Der Beitrag erläutert die Regeln, die die KI-VO zu diesen beiden Phänomenen bereithält. Angesichts der zu zeigenden, relativ schwachen Maßnahmen gegen Deepfakes durch Negativkennzeichnungen ist außerdem ein Vorschlag für eine Positivkennzeichnung authentischer Inhalte zu skizzieren, der ohne Konflikt mit der KI-VO auf nationaler Ebene umgesetzt werden könnte.
Zum Systemversagen bei der ambulanten Psychotherapie — Ist § 13 Abs. 3 S. 1 Var. 1 SGB V der Ausweg für Patienten?
Authors: Zurawski Leon
Published: June 2024

Die tatsächliche Versorgung der Versicherten im Rahmen der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung ist seit geraumer Zeit hinsichtlich der ambulanten Psychotherapie unzureichend. Patienten warten regelmäßig mehrere Monate auf einen Therapieplatz, womit die Krankenkassen ihrem Versorgungsauftrag gem. § 75 Abs.1 S. 1 SGBV nicht ausreichend nachkommen. Abhilfe schafft das Gesetz mittels § 13 Abs. 3 S. 1 Var. 1 SGB V, wonach Patienten sich auch außerhalb des Systems der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (also von Therapeuten ohne „Kassensitz“) behandeln lassen können und dann die Kosten von der Krankenkasse erstattet bekommen. Unter welchen Voraussetzungen dieser Anspruch besteht und inwiefern die dahingehende Rechtsprechung bezüglich ambulanter Psychotherapie überzeugt, wird im Folgenden untersucht.
Electrical Properties of Irradiated Rubber‐Clay Composites Based on NBR and SBR
Authors: Radwan R. M. , Mohamed Rasha M. , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed M.
Published: February 2012

The electrical and thermal properties of gamma‐irradiated rubber–clay composites based on acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) and styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) have been performed. The rubber–clay composites were prepared with different ratios of clay up to 50 phr using melt‐mixing and hot‐pressing methods. The produced sheets were exposed to gamma rays at dose levels in the range from 25 to 250 kGy. The chemical structure was studied by using FTIR technique, whereas thermal stability was tested using thermogravimetric analysis. Variations in the direct current (DC) conductivity (σDC) with both the clay ratio and irradiation dose were studied. The effect of the clay ratio and gamma irradiation on the dielectric constant (εε) and loss (ε″) has also been investigated. The obtained results show that the thermal stability has been improved as a result of clay loading and gamma irradiation of the rubber samples. Moreover, a significant increase in the values of ε′ and ε″ with increasing both the clay ratio and the irradiation dose has been noticed. The values of εε for NBR samples were found to be greater than that for SBR samples. The study shows that clays could be better than ceramics for the preparation of advanced dielectric polymer composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E198–E211, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21263
Obesity and human biology: Toward a global perspective
Authors: Brewis Alexandra A.
Published: March 2012

Overweight bodies will soon be the modal human form. In this special issue of American Journal of Human Biology, authors use varied approaches to examine the expansion of obesity globally, particularly what shape variability in people's vulnerability to weight gain and its negative effects. The contributions together highlight how complex pathways between biology and health related to excess weight are strongly medicated, at multiple levels, by both socio‐ecological context and life history. A systems approach, which can place human biological and biocultural variation iteratively within the broader contexts of developing and globalizing adiposity, will be a useful next step to informing effective prevention and intervention efforts. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A qualitative evaluation of owner and worker health and safety beliefs in small auto collision repair shops
Authors: Parker David L. , Bejan Anca , Brosseau Lisa M.
Published: March 2012

Background

About 223,000 people are employed in approximately 34,500 auto collision repair businesses. In general, employees and owners in these establishments lack knowledge of health and safety practices and do not have the technical expertise to make their place of work safer.

Methods

Three employee and three owner focus groups were conducted. The goal of these focus groups was to characterize health and safety beliefs of owners and employees and to determine the best methods for motivating safety improvements in collision repair shops.

Results

A total of 11 owners and 19 workers participated in these focus groups. Employees and owners were aware of a wide range of hazards. Both groups noted difficulty in staying informed. Employers were hesitant to set and enforce safety and health rules. Employees perceive owners to be unwilling to dedicate the resources to make the workplace safer and provide personal protective equipment. Both groups felt insurance reimbursement practices placed undue pressure on employees.

Conclusions

Focus groups provide important insights into intervention development in very small enterprises in general and auto collision shops in specific. Employers were conflicted about allowing employees a certain level of independence while also maintaining a safe workplace. From the employee perspective, owners frequently fail to provide adequate personal protective equipment and make improvements needed to ensure safe work. The unique managerial needs of very small enterprises must be accounted for if health and safety programs are to be implemented in these establishments. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:474–482, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pre‐surgery disability compensation predicts long‐term disability among workers with carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Spector June T. , Turner Judith A. , Fulton‐Kehoe Deborah , Franklin Gary
Published: March 2012

Background

We sought to identify early risk factors for work disability compensation prior to and after carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) surgery, and to determine whether pre‐surgery disability compensation is associated with long‐term disability.

Methods

Washington State workers' compensation administrative data and data from interviews with workers 18 days (median) after submitting new workers' compensation claims for CTS were examined. Baseline risk factors for pre‐surgery disability compensation and for long‐term disability (>365 days of work disability compensation prior to 2 years after claim filing) were evaluated for workers who underwent CTS surgery and had at least 1 day of disability compensation (N = 670).

Results

After adjustment for baseline long‐term disability risk factors, workers with pre‐surgery disability compensation had over five times the odds of long‐term disability. Baseline factors in multiple domains, including job, psychosocial, clinical, and worker pain and function, were associated with both pre‐surgery disability compensation and long‐term disability.

Conclusions

Risk factors for work disability prior to and after CTS surgery are similar, and early work disability is a risk factor for long‐term CTS‐related disability. An integrated approach to CTS‐related disability prevention could include identifying and addressing combined risk factors soon after claim filing, more efficient use of conservative treatments and appropriate work modifications to minimize early work loss, and, when indicated, timely surgical intervention. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:816–832, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐Assembled Hexanuclear Organometallic Cages: Synthesis, Characterization, and Host–Guest Properties
Authors: Han Ying‐Feng , Li Hao , Zheng Zhi‐Fang , Jin Guo‐Xin
Published: March 2012

A series of iridium‐ and rhodium‐based hexanuclear organometallic cages containing 2,5‐dichloro‐3,6‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone, 9,10‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐anthraquinone, and 6,11‐dihydroxynaphthacene‐5,12‐dione ligands were synthesized from the self‐assembly of the corresponding molecular “clips” and 2,4,6‐tri(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine ligands in good yields. These organometallic cages can form inclusion systems with a wide variety of π‐donor substrates, including coronene, pyrene, [Pt(acac)2], and hexamethoxytriphenylene. The 1:1 complexation of the resulting supramolecular assemblies was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Large complexation shifts (Δδ>1 ppm) were observed in the 1H NMR spectra of guests in the presence of cage [Cp*6M6(μ‐DHNA)3(tpt)2](OTf)6 (6a; M=Ir, tpt=2,4,6‐tri(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine). The formation of discrete 1:1 donor–acceptor complexes, pyrene⊂6 b (M=Rh), coronene⊂6 a, coronene⊂6 b, and [Pt(acac)2]⊂6 a was confirmed by their single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. In these systems, the most important driving force for the formation of guest–host complexes is clearly the donor–acceptor π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interaction, including charge‐transfer interactions between the electron‐donating and electron‐accepting aromatic components. These structures provide compelling evidence for the existence of strong attractive forces between the electron‐deficient triazine core and electron‐rich guest. The results presented here may provide useful guidance for designing artificial receptors for functional biomolecules.
TGF‐β1 gene‐engineered mesenchymal stem cells induce rat cartilage regeneration using nonviral gene vector
Authors: He Cai‐Xia , Zhang Tian‐Yuan , Miao Pei‐Hong , Hu Zhong‐Jie , Han Min , Tabata Yasuhiko , Hu Yu‐Lan , Gao Jian‐Qing
Published: March 2012

This study evaluated the potential of utilizing transfected pTGFβ‐1 gene‐engineered rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using nonviral vector to promote cartilage regeneration. Pullulan–spermine was used as the nonviral gene vector and gelatin sponge was used as the scaffold. MSCs were engineered with TGF‐β1 gene with either the three‐dimensional (3D) reverse transfection system or the two‐dimensional (2D) conventional transfection system. For the 3D reverse transfection system, pullulan–spermine/pTGF‐β1 gene complexes were immobilized to the gelatin sponge, followed by the seeding of MSCs. Pullulan–spermine/pTGF‐β1 gene complexes were delivered to MSCs cultured in the plate to perform the 2D conventional transfection system, and then MSCs were seeded to the gelatin sponge. Then, TGF‐β1 gene‐transfected MSC seeded gelatin sponge was implanted to the full‐thickness cartilage defect. Compared with the control group, both groups of TGF‐β1 gene‐engineered MSCs improved cartilage regeneration through optical observation and histology staining. So, with pullulan–spermine as the nonviral vector, TGF‐β1‐gene engineered MSCs can induce cartilage regeneration in vivo.