bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On phase change and latent heat models in metal additive manufacturing process simulation
Authors: Proell Sebastian D. , Wall Wolfgang A. , Meier Christoph
Published: May 2020

This work proposes an extension of phase change and latent heat models for the simulation of metal powder bed fusion additive manufacturing processes on the macroscale and compares different models with respect to accuracy and numerical efficiency. Specifically, a systematic formulation of phase fraction variables is proposed relying either on temperature- or enthalpy-based interpolation schemes. Moreover, two well-known schemes for the numerical treatment of latent heat, namely the apparent capacity and the so-called heat integration scheme, are critically reviewed and compared with respect to numerical efficiency and overall accuracy. Eventually, a novel variant of the heat integration scheme is proposed that allows to directly control efficiency and accuracy by means of a user-defined tolerance. Depending on the chosen tolerance, it is shown that this novel approach offers increased numerical efficiency for a given level of accuracy or improved accuracy for a given level of numerical efficiency as compared to the apparent capacity and the original heat integration scheme. The investigation and comparison of all considered schemes is based on a series of numerical test cases that are representative for application scenarios in metal powder bed fusion additive manufacturing.
Cultural reproduction or cultural mobility? Unequal education achievement among Chinese college students
Authors: Zhu Bin
Published: May 2020

This article investigates the influence of family class background on college students’ education achievement by using the Beijing College Students Panel Survey. Statistical analyses show that elite class offspring are more likely to form student cadres and have higher English proficiency but lower grades. One reason for lower grades is that they do not devote enough time and energy to school. Another reason, however, is that the effect of cultural capital is weakened in a subjective, standardized system of examination and evaluation. Moreover, cultural capital has a greater effect when combined with other resources, meaning that elite-class children benefit more from cultural capital, which is consistent with the cultural reproduction theory.
Evaluating anthracycline cardiotoxicity associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in a paediatric cohort with early onset cardiomyopathy
Authors: McOwan Timothy N. , Craig Lauren A. , Tripdayonis Anne , Karavendzas Kathy , Cheung Michael M. , Porrello Enzo R. , Conyers Rachel , Elliott David A.
Published: May 2020

Background

Anthracyclines are a mainstay of chemotherapy. However, a relatively frequent adverse outcome of anthracycline treatment is cardiomyopathy. Multiple genetic studies have begun to dissect the complex genetics underlying cardiac sensitivity to the anthracycline drug class. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified to be in linkage disequilibrium with anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity in paediatric populations.

Methods

Here we screened for the presence of SNPs resulting in a missense coding change in a cohort of children with early onset chemotherapy related cardiomyopathy. The SNP identity was evaluated by Sanger sequencing of PCR amplicons from genomic DNA of patients with anthracycline related cardiac dysfunction.

Results

All of the published SNPs were observed within our patient group. There was no correlation between the number of missense variants an individual carried with severity of disease. Furthermore, the time to cardiac disease onset post-treatment was not greater in those individuals carrying a high load of SNPs resulting from missense variants.

Conclusions

We conclude that previously identified missense SNPs are present within a paediatric cohort with early onset heart damage induced by anthracyclines. However, these SNPs require further replication cohorts and functional validation before being deployed to assess anthracycline cardiotoxicity risk in the clinic.
Correlation between modified CT severity index and retroperitoneal extension using the interfascial planes in the grading of clinically suspected acute severe pancreatitis
Authors: Mohey Nesreen , Hassan Tamir A.
Published: May 2020

Background

This prospective study was conducted between January 2015 and June 2018 and included 50 patients (mean age of 52.12 ± 2.0 years), all presented with acute pancreatitis and admitted to the ICU 1–3 days after the onset. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced CT, and images are evaluated by 2 independent radiologists for the modified CTSI parameters and retroperitoneal extension parameters to detect the severity of pancreatitis. The aim of this study is to compare the results of the modified CT severity index and retroperitoneal interfascial extension CT grading system in the grading of the severity of acute pancreatitis and compare both grading systems to the clinical course of the disease and its complications.

Results

Both grading systems show a statistical significant correlation in terms of the length of hospital stay, the need for interventions, and the development of organ failure.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a good correlation was observed between the modified CTSI and retroperitoneal extension grading systems in grading the severity of acute pancreatitis. We think that we can apply Ishikawa et al. grading system as a prognostic indicator if there is a contraindication to contrast administration.
Psychiatry in the Middle East: the rebirth of lunatic asylums?
Authors: Abi-Rached Joelle M.
Published: May 2020

This article briefly assesses the historical trajectory of psychiatric institutions in the Middle East. It underlines a key observation: the persistence and expansion of psychiatric institutionalisation, specifically in the Arab world. In contrast to the deinstitutionalisation that eventually closed large psychiatric hospitals in the 1960s and 1970s, notably in Europe and North America, psychiatric hospitals have continued to grow in size in the Arab world. This absence of deinstitutionalisation marks a major departure from how psychiatry developed in the West, which is worth reflecting on if we are to understand the current crumbling infrastructure of in-patient psychiatric facilities in the Arab region.
Understanding Concomitant Physical and Chemical Transformations of Simvastatin During Dry Ball Milling
Authors: Modhave Dattatray , Saraf Isha , Karn Anjali , Paudel Amrit
Published: May 2020

The present study investigates concomitant processes of solid-state disordering and oxidation of simvastatin during milling. The separate dry ball milling of crystalline and amorphous powders of simvastatin were conducted at ambient temperature for 10 and 60 min each. The relative crystallinity was determined using X-ray scattering and oxidative degradation was analyzed using liquid chromatography. The physical and chemical transformations in the milled powder were evaluated using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The disordering during milling of the crystalline powder was found to progressively decrease the crystallinity. For the amorphous starting material, milling for 10 min induced a large extent of recrystallization, while milling for 60 min largely re-amorphized the powder. This solid-state disordering and/or ordering were accompanied by progressive air oxidation during milling. The infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed the molecular manifestations associated with the physicochemical transformations in the disordered solid states. The melting point of simvastatin depressed systematically with the increase in the degree of disorder as well as the degradation. The in situ cooling in DSC of milled samples from their molten state led to the formation of the co-amorphous phase between the drug and degradation products, which showed a consistent increase in glass transition temperature with the increase in the content of degradation products. The study overall demonstrates the solid-state re-ordering and disordering of crystalline and amorphous simvastatin accompanied by chemical degradation as the consequence of the mechano-activation.
Perfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure Early In Pregnancy Was Negatively Associated With Late Pregnancy Cortisone Levels
Authors: Dreyer Anja Fenger , Jensen Richard Christian , Glintborg Dorte , Schmedes Anne Vibeke , Brandslund Ivan , Nielsen Flemming , Kyhl Henriette Boye , Jensen Tina Kold , Andersen Marianne Skovsager
Published: May 2020

Introduction

During pregnancy, maternal cortisol levels are increased 3-fold by the third trimester. The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD, isoforms 1 and 2) regulates the balance between cortisol and cortisone levels. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been reported to inhibit 11β-HSD1 and more potently 11β-HSD2, which could lead to reduced levels of cortisol and more extensively cortisone.

Aim

The aim of this work is to investigate a possible effect of early pregnancy PFAS exposure on late pregnancy activity of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 assessed by cortisol and cortisone levels in diurnal urine (dU) and blood samples.

Methods

This study is part of the prospective cohort study, Odense Child Cohort (OCC). A total of 1628 pregnant women had serum (S) concentrations of 5 PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA], perfluorooctane sulfonic acid [PFOS], perfluorohexane sulfonic acid [PFHxS], perfluorononanoic acid [PFNA], and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)) measured in the first trimester (median gestational week, GW 11). dU cortisol and cortisone (n = 344) and S-cortisol (n = 1048) were measured in the third trimester (median GW 27).

Results

In multiple regression analyses, a 2-fold increase in S-PFOS was significantly associated with lower dU-cortisone (β = –9.1%, P < .05) and higher dU-cortisol/dU-cortisone (dU-C/C) (β = 9.3%, P < .05). In crude models, a doubling in PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and PFNA concentrations were associated with a significant increase in S-cortisol; however, these associations became insignificant after adjustment.

Conclusion

Early pregnancy maternal S-PFAS were inversely associated with late pregnancy dU-cortisone, indicating reduced activity of 11β-HSD2.
The Past Embedded in Everyday Life
Authors: Belmonte Alexandre
Published: May 2020

The Andean experience of the everyday is affected markedly by respect and reverence for tradition, for teachings of the past, and for myths that explain and simplify reality. This article reflects on the uses of ancient rituals in Bolivia today, in the context that Xavier Albó named “the return of the Indian.”
American Indians Encounter the Bible
Authors: Vecsey Christopher
Published: May 2020

This article explores how Native Americans have received the Bible. Over the centuries some Indians have been inspired by the Bible, and some have been repelled by its long-standing place in colonization. The Christian invaders in the New World carried the Bible in their minds. It served as their inspiration, their justification, and their frame of reference as they encountered Indigenous peoples. In effect, the Bible was the template for exploration, conquest, identification of selves and others. The Christian invaders brought along or produced physical Bibles, which served their catechetical purposes, and in time they began to translate the Bible—in whole and in part—into American Indian languages. Therefore this article illustrates that to the present day Native Americans continue to receive the Bible actively and variously, attempting to fit it to their unfolding cultural stories. Ultimately, it has not lost its potency, nor have they lost their power to consider it on their own terms.
World(build)ing in Mohawk- and Seneca-Language Films
Authors: Kelsey Penelope
Published: May 2020

This essay brings Zayin Cabot’s concept of “ecologies of participation” into conversation with contemporary Mohawk- and Seneca-language films and language revitalization movements. For Indigenous peoples, these participatory events are often interactive storying of worlds, whether told in film, social media, or oral tradition. As a particularly salient example, the essay considers Mohawk director Karahkwenhawi Zoe Hopkins’s adaptation of Star Wars: A New Hope in Star Wars Tsyorì:wat IV—Yonhská:neks (2013) in a comparative analysis with both the Navajo-language Star Wars: Episode IV and the Seneca-language films Kohgeh and Tših to highlight critical choices Karahkwenhawi makes in translation, both linguistic and visual, vis-à-vis settler colonial consumer culture. The essay concludes that her adaptation foregrounds supposed “advances” of Western technocratic capitalism; highlights the constructed, fallible, and ephemeral nature of these technologies; and potentiates other technologies and ecologies based in Mohawk ontologies.
Cdk8 is required for establishment of H3K27me3 and gene repression by Xist and mouse development
Authors: Postlmayr Andreas , Dumeau Charles Etienne , Wutz Anton
Published: May 2020

We previously identified the cyclin dependent kinase Cdk8 as a putative silencing factor for Xist. To investigate its role in X inactivation, we engineered a Cdk8 mutation in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) carrying an inducible system for studying Xist function. We found that Xist repressed X-linked genes at half of the expression level in Cdk8 mutant cells, whereas they were almost completely silenced in the controls. Lack of Cdk8 impaired Ezh2 recruitment and the establishment of histone H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation but not PRC1 recruitment by Xist. Transgenic expression of wild-type but not catalytically inactive Cdk8 restored efficient gene repression and PRC2 recruitment. Mutation of the paralogous kinase Cdk19 did not affect Xist function, and combined mutations of Cdk8 and Cdk19 resembled the Cdk8 mutation. In mice, a Cdk8 mutation caused post-implantation lethality. We observed that homozygous Cdk8 mutant female embryos showed a greater developmental delay than males on day 10.5. Together with the inefficient repression of X-linked genes in differentiating Cdk8 mutant female ESCs, these data show a requirement for Cdk8 in the initiation of X inactivation.
Diverse dystonin gene mutations cause distinct patterns of Dst isoform deficiency and phenotypic heterogeneity in D
ystonia musculorum mice
Authors: Yoshioka Nozomu , Kabata Yudai , Kuriyama Momona , Bizen Norihisa , Zhou Li , Tran Dang M. , Yano Masato , Yoshiki Atsushi , Ushiki Tatsuo , Sproule Thomas J. , Abe Riichiro , Takebayashi Hirohide
Published: May 2020

Loss-of-function mutations in dystonin (DST) can cause hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 6 (HSAN-VI) or epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS). Recently, DST-related diseases were recognized to be more complex than previously thought because a patient exhibited both neurological and skin manifestations, whereas others display only one or the other. A single DST locus produces at least three major DST isoforms: DST-a (neuronal isoform), DST-b (muscular isoform) and DST-e (epithelial isoform). Dystonia musculorum (dt) mice, which have mutations in Dst, were originally identified as spontaneous mutants displaying neurological phenotypes. To reveal the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic heterogeneity of DST-related diseases, we investigated two mutant strains with different mutations: a spontaneous Dst mutant (Dstdt-23Rbrc mice) and a gene-trap mutant (DstGt mice). The Dstdt-23Rbrc allele possesses a nonsense mutation in an exon shared by all Dst isoforms. The DstGt allele is predicted to inactivate Dst-a and Dst-b isoforms but not Dst-e. There was a decrease in the levels of Dst-a mRNA in the neural tissue of both Dstdt-23Rbrc and DstGt homozygotes. Loss of sensory and autonomic nerve ends in the skin was observed in both Dstdt-23Rbrc and DstGt mice at postnatal stages. In contrast, Dst-e mRNA expression was reduced in the skin of Dstdt-23Rbrc mice but not in DstGt mice. Expression levels of Dst proteins in neural and cutaneous tissues correlated with Dst mRNAs. Because Dst-e encodes a structural protein in hemidesmosomes (HDs), we performed transmission electron microscopy. Lack of inner plaques and loss of keratin filament invasions underneath the HDs were observed in the basal keratinocytes of Dstdt-23Rbrc mice but not in those of DstGt mice; thus, the distinct phenotype of the skin of Dstdt-23Rbrc mice could be because of failure of Dst-e expression. These results indicate that distinct mutations within the Dst locus can cause different loss-of-function patterns among Dst isoforms, which accounts for the heterogeneous neural and skin phenotypes in dt mice and DST-related diseases.
Quantitative Mechanochemical Methanation of CO2 with H2O in a Stainless Steel Ball Mill
Authors: Sawama Yoshinari , Niikawa Miki , Ban Kazuho , Park Kwihwan , Aibara Shin-yo , Itoh Miki , Sajiki Hironao
Published: May 2020

Herein, we achieved nearly quantitative and selective mechanochemical conversion of CO2 to CH4 in the presence of H2O mediated by collision and friction of stainless steel balls without external heating, revealing that this conversion involves the formation of metal carbonates and hydrogenation by H2 gas in situ generated from H2O.
MAIRS: Innovation of Molecular Orientation Analysis in a Thin Film
Authors: Hasegawa Takeshi , Shioya Nobutaka
Published: May 2020

Multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (MAIRS), originally developed in our group, is a unique spectroscopic technique for analyzing the structure of molecular aggregates in a thin film, which requires only the refractive index of the film for attaining an analytical accuracy of three significant digits. Since MAIRS is robust to the surface roughness of the film, rough films prepared by using the spin-coating, bar-coating, or drop-casting techniques can be analyzed with a good reproducibility. MAIRS makes the best use of a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, which enables us to discuss molecular conformation, packing, polymorphs etc. as well as the molecular orientation. At the moment, MAIRS has two options, pMAIRS and MAIRS2. pMAIRS has already been established and the application is spreading. MAIRS2 is the newest technology, which frees us from FT-IR specific problems, that is to say, interference of water-vapor peaks and of optical fringes. In this review, the cutting-edge analytical technology of MAIRS is described comprehensively for convenience of both pMAIRS and MAIRS2 users.
To live and age as who we really are: Perspectives from older LGBT+ people in Ireland
Authors: Roe Lorna , Galvin Miriam , Booi Laura , Brandao Lenisa , Leon Salas Jorge , McGlinchey Eimear , Walrath Dana
Published: May 2020

This Open Letter discusses the theme of ‘diversity in brain health’ in research, practice and policy for older LGBT+ people. It is written by a multidisciplinary group of Atlantic Fellows for Equity in Brain Health at the Global Brain Health Institute in Trinity College Dublin (TCD), from a variety of disciplines (health economics, human geography, anthropology, psychology, gerontology) and professions (researcher, clinicians, writers, practicing artists). The group developed a workshop to explore the theme of ‘Diversity and Brain Health’ through the lens of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual plus (LGBT+).  . Guided by two advisors (Prof Agnes Higgins, TCD; Mr Ciaran McKinney, Age and Opportunity), we invited older LGBT+ people and those interested in the topic of LGBT+ and ageing, healthcare providers, policy makers and interested members of the research community. We partnered with colleagues in the School of Law to include socio-legal perspectives. Following the workshop, Roe and Walrath wrote an opinion editorial, published in the Irish Times during the 2019 PRIDE festival, and were subsequently invited by HRB Open Research to provide a more detailed expansion of that work. In this Open Letter we describe the theme of ‘diversity and brain health’ and some of the lessons we learned from listening to the lived experience of older LGBT+ people in Ireland today. We illustrate why it’s important to understand the lived experience of older LGBT+ people and highlight the failure of the State to evaluate the experience of LGBT+ people in policy implementation. We call on researchers, clinicians, service planners and policy makers, to recognize and address diversity as an important way to address health inequities in Ireland.
Wielokulturowość z perspektywy psychologicznej
Authors: Żaliński Adam
Published: May 2020

Multiculturalism from a Psychological Perspective: An Outline The issue of multiculturalism has received growing attention in psychological literature in recent years. Yet psychology of multiculturalism is, with the exception of some theoretical concepts, not well known to a broader scientific audience. The aim of this article is to provide an outline of selected psychological nomenclature and theory, as well as empirical research dealing with multiculturalism. Moreover, the paper presents a brief remark concerning the current state of affairs of applied psychology of multiculturalism in the Polish setting.
Internet jako przestrzeń debaty na temat pluralizmu kulturowego
Authors: Woźniak Julita , Kopytowska Monika
Published: May 2020

Internet as a Space for Debate on Cultural Pluralism. Perception of Online Hate Speech Targeted at Refugees/Economic Migrants

Being an online space where members of the society can freely and instantaneously exchange their opinions, the Internet has become an ultra-attractive site for extended socio-political debate. At the same time, however, anonymity and global accessibility have transformed it into a tool facilitating the spread of hateful and radical messages, in particular those exploiting religious, ethnic and cultural differences. While multiculturalism and the “Other” have long been the subject of public debate, within this new mediatized public sphere problems and controversies surrounding them have thus acquired a new dimension. What can be observed is increasing social acceptance of verbal abuse and aggression in online communication, especially when it comes to attacks levelled at various “Others”. The article discusses the problem of multiculturalism and otherness in the Polish context, legal definitions used by the EU in their judgments on online hate speech, as well as the perception of hate speech targeted at refugees and immigrants among Polish people (aged 18-35). Some of the findings presented here are based on analyses conducted within the European project C.O.N.T.A.C.T., exploring various aspects of hate speech and hate crime in ten EU countries.
Pomiędzy kolonializmem, imperializmem a globalizacją
Authors: Błahut-Prusik Jadwiga
Published: May 2020

Between Colonialism, Imperialism and Globalization

The aim of the article is to share a view on today’s reality, it’s problems and threats from the prospect of colonialism and imperialism. The author seeks answers to the question to what extent, if any, colonialism and imperialism are still helpful to interpret the globalized world. In what manner shall we perceive the global reality as postcolonial and postimperial? The author attempts to prove that both imperialism and colonialism still have an impact on the postcolonial world.
National Education and Educational Ideals in the Political Thought of the National Party (1928-1939)
Authors: Dawidowicz Aneta
Published: May 2020

National Education and Educational Ideals in the Political Thought of the National Party (1928-1939)

In the period of the Second Polish Republic, educational issues constituted a subject matter of interest to Polish political thinkers. Nonetheless, such issues were often perceived differently by the diverse ideological and politicalfactions. According to such political entities, the interwar period was marked by the destabilisation of the previously existing social, political and cultural order, giving rise to a new reality. Visions of creating a “new,” “better,” more moral and socialised man began to appear in statements of almost all political circles. Such projections, however, entailed the rather disturbing prospect of far-reaching interference in the lives of all citizens, including their privacy. The postulate of changing the individual in order to meet the emerging “higher” objectives, social needs, and “lofty” principles, was put forward. The National Party developed a comprehensive educational programme. The aim of national education was to build a strong nation, and to prepare the society for an independent nation and functioning of the state. The principal categories of the National Party’s political thought included work, creation, and action. The condition of Polish society was also thoroughly analysed, with the ideal Pole being depicted as a hard-working, thrifty, conscientious and diligent person, dedicated to the nation and affairs of the state. Active and constructive attitudes were widely promoted, along with social responsibility, readiness to make sacrifices, self-determination and subordination to the individuals responsible for the implemented goals. National education was expected to give rise to “a definite Polish type” that would embody the truly Polish character and indigenous values cultivated from generation to generation by the natively Polish population. Its emergence would be possible by imposing adequate discipline and hierarchy.
Selfie interior: a fotografia como experiência estética de autorreconhecimento
Authors: Mendes de Barros LAAN , Galvão de Castro Rodrigo
Published: May 2020

Este artigo relata e discute uma experiência estética na qual a imagem fotográfica é inicialmente pensada sob a perspectiva de mediar as relações do eu com o mundo, do modo como vemos a nós mesmos e nos vemos também no outro e pelo outro. Baseou-se em um projeto denominado Selfie Interior, realizado com um grupo de estudantes universitários convidados a criar representações possíveis de si mesmos não por meio da própria imagem, mas mediante um olhar para aquilo no qual se veem representados. O percurso do projeto incluiu práticas de sensibilização e posteriormente de fotografia, a partir das quais este trabalho buscou compreender como se dá a construção de identidade na sociedade midiatizada, em relações cada vez mais intensas de interação entre o ser humano e os aparatos tecnológicos de comunicação e informação. A metodologia utilizada incluiu uma reflexão sobre o conceito Selfie Interior a partir de revisão bibliográfica que trouxe ideias como as de “bios mediático” (Sodré, 2002), de “sociedade em midiatização” (Braga, 2006) e de “pós-fotografia” (Fontcuberta, 2016) e discute o “ato de ver” (Didi-Huberman, 2010) e a “ação de fotografar” (Sontag, 2004). O que se viu nos trabalhos desenvolvidos pelos estudantes e está relatado no artigo são intensas experiências estéticas, nas quais aparecem relações de alteridade por meio da fotografia como dispositivo de reconhecimento de si próprio e de reconhecimento de um eu que existe no outro.
Verizon Uses Advanced Analytics to Rationalize Its Tail Spend Suppliers
Authors: Abdollahnejadbarough Hossein , Mupparaju Kalyan S , Shah Sagar , Golding Colin P , Leites Abelardo C , Popp Timothy D , Shroyer Eric , Golany Yanai S , Robinson Anne G , Akgun Vedat
Published: May 2020

The Verizon Global Supply Chain organization currently manages thousands of active supplier contracts. These contracts account for several billion dollars of annualized Verizon spend. Managing thousands of suppliers, controlling spend, and achieving the best price per unit (PPU) through negotiations are costly and labor-intensive tasks handled by Verizon strategic sourcing teams. Verizon engages thousands of suppliers for many reasons—best price, diversity, short-term requirements, and so forth. Whereas managing a few larger spend suppliers can be done manually by dedicated sourcing managers, managing thousands of smaller suppliers at the tail spend is challenging, can often introduce risk, and can be expensive. At Verizon, a unique blend of descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics, as well as Verizon-specific sourcing acumen was leveraged to tackle this problem and rationalize Verizon’s tail spend suppliers. Through the creative application of operations research, machine learning, text mining, natural language processing, and artificial intelligence, Verizon reduced spend by millions of dollars and acquired the lowest PPU for the sourced products and services. Other benefits Verizon realized were centralized and transparent contract and supplier relationship management, overhead cost reduction, decreased contract execution lead time, and service quality improvement for Verizon’s strategic sourcing teams.
Mitigating Traffic Congestion: The Role of Intelligent Transportation Systems
Authors: Cheng Zhi (Aaron) , Pang Min-Seok , Pavlou Paul A.
Published: May 2020

Mitigating Traffic Congestion: The Role of Intelligent Transportation Systems
Updating Accounting Systems: Longitudinal Evidence from the Healthcare Sector
Authors: Labro Eva , Stice-Lawrence Lorien
Published: May 2020

This paper provides evidence on the determinants and economic outcomes of updates of accounting systems (AS) over a 24-year timespan in a large sample of U.S. hospitals. We provide evidence that hospitals update their AS in response to three types of pressures: economic pressures, such as increases in the quality of accounting information driven by vendor rollouts of improved AS; coercive pressures imposed by regulators mandating certain practices, such as internal control practices imposed by Sarbanes–Oxley Section 404; and mimetic pressures for hospitals to conform their AS to those of their peers, such as local county and prominent “celebrity” peers. We find that only economically driven updates lead to economic benefits in the form of lower operating expenses and higher revenues. In contrast, we find some evidence that AS updates prompted by coercive regulatory pressures actually impose economic costs in the form of higher operating expenses.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
The Value of Sharing Intermittent Spectrum
Authors: Berry Randall , Honig Michael , Nguyen Thành , Subramanian Vijay , Vohra Rakesh
Published: May 2020

We examine a model of Cournot competition with congestion motivated by recent policy to allow commercial sharing of wireless spectrum that is assigned to other users such as government agencies. A key feature of such spectrum is that it is intermittently available because of the incumbent user’s activity. In our model, wireless service providers (SPs) compete for a common pool of customers using their own proprietary (exclusively licensed) bands of spectrum along with access to an additional intermittent band. When the intermittent band is unavailable, any traffic carried on that band must be shifted to the proprietary bands. Customers are sensitive to both the price they pay and the average congestion they experience across the bands of spectrum from which they receive service. We compare two different access policies for this intermittent band: one in which it is open to all SPs and one in which it is licensed to a single SP. We also allow the band to be divided into multiple subbands where each subband is either open or licensed. We characterize trade-offs between social welfare and consumer welfare that depend on the choice of different access policies and assignments of subbands to SPs. These can involve subtle issues related to the ability of a larger SP to make more efficient use of intermittent spectrum and the increase in competition by assigning more spectrum to smaller SPs.

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, operations management.
Strong Metric (Sub)regularity of Karush–Kuhn–Tucker Mappings for Piecewise Linear-Quadratic Convex-Composite Optimization and the Quadratic Convergence of Newton’s Method
Authors: Burke James V. , Engle Abraham
Published: May 2020

This work concerns the local convergence theory of Newton and quasi-Newton methods for convex-composite optimization: where one minimizes an objective that can be written as the composition of a convex function with one that is continuiously differentiable. We focus on the case in which the convex function is a potentially infinite-valued piecewise linear-quadratic function. Such problems include nonlinear programming, mini-max optimization, and estimation of nonlinear dynamics with non-Gaussian noise as well as many modern approaches to large-scale data analysis and machine learning. Our approach embeds the optimality conditions for convex-composite optimization problems into a generalized equation. We establish conditions for strong metric subregularity and strong metric regularity of the corresponding set-valued mappings. This allows us to extend classical convergence of Newton and quasi-Newton methods to the broader class of nonfinite valued piecewise linear-quadratic convex-composite optimization problems. In particular, we establish local quadratic convergence of the Newton method under conditions that parallel those in nonlinear programming.
Dante, Giotto e as inter-relações entre artes visuais e literatura na Florença do Trecento
Authors: Quírico Tamara
Published: May 2020

Dante, ao tecer elogios a Giotto em uma conhecida passagem da Commedia, situa o pintor em uma posição dentro das artes equivalente à sua. Este artigo pretende discutir diálogos possíveis entre pintura e literatura no início do século XIV, examinando a suposta precedência que tradicionalmente se dá ao texto escrito face às representações visuais.
Ultraje à memória
Authors: Mendonça Yara De Pina
Published: May 2020

Nos últimos anos, tenho explorado os repertórios da destruição e violência investigando suas marcas e vestígios através de diferentes contextos sociais e históricos, incluindo o momento atual e incerto da democracia. Me refiro, portanto, não apenas aos regimes autoritários de um passado sombrio, mas também ao seu legado de opressão que ainda deixa marcas sobre os corpos e, consequentemente, ao recalcamento das mortes das vítimas com o propósito de destruir a memória de seus nomes. Se, por um lado, essas obras investigam quais marcas e rastros nossas democracias deixam ao repetir a tradição da violência, por outro, elas questionam quem tem direito ao luto e à memória numa sociedade que adota o apagamento de sua história como política de estado.
A CIRCULAÇÃO DE IDEIAS SOBRE AS INTERAÇÕES FUNDAMENTAIS COMO A SÍNTESE EMBRIONÁRIA DO MODELO PADRÃO DA FÍSICA DE PARTÍCULAS ELEMENTARES
Authors: Milnitsky Renan
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo serão apresentadas reflexões sobre como a circulação de ideias em diferentes momentos da história da Física de Partículas contribuíram para formar o embrião do Modelo Padrão da Física de Partículas Elementares. A narrativa histórica foi construída em três fases que tem como intuito apresentar um panorama geral da circulação de ideias e o ideal de “Modelo Padrão” que as guiou em cada um dos contextos. A Fase Atômica (1890-1932) se dedica a explicar a estrutura da matéria, suas formas de decaimentos e composição das diferentes formas de radiação. A Fase das Interações (1932-1947) descreve como as tentativas de construção de teorias quânticas para as interações fundamentais tentou acompanhar as novidades reveladas pela produção em larga escala de dados experimentais provindos das pesquisas em raios cósmicos. A Fase das Simetrias e Conservações (1947-1964) circunda a discussão sobre as partículas estranhas, na busca por princípios de simetrias e conservações. Ao final, discute-se como os primeiros mecanismos de quebra de simetria foram utilizados na formulação do quark e constituíram um prelúdio para o Modelo Padrão.
Dificuldades de acesso a documentos inéditos: percalços em uma pesquisa de história da ciência
Authors: Martins Roberto De Andrade
Published: May 2020

Este depoimento descreve as tentativas e dificuldades de obtenção de acesso à documentação inédita de um astrônomo suíço, Leopold Courvoisier (1873-1955). Esses documentos seriam importantes para esclarecer diversas questões historiográficas, mas uma parte deles foi destruída durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial e outra parte se perdeu ou ficou inacessível por decisão da família do pesquisador.
Propostas para a educação científica com base em estudos de história da física na primeira metade do século XX em uma abordagem transnacional
Authors: Bagdonas Alexandre
Published: May 2020

Apresentamos estudos sobre a história da física na primeira metade século XX, em especial sobre cosmologia e física nuclear, a partir das trajetórias científicas de George Gamow, Robert Oppenheimer e Gleb Wataghin, que foram base a criação de propostas didáticas que visam contribuir para a educação científica em uma perspectiva que valoriza discussões sobre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade. Para isso, selecionamos historiadores que adotaram uma abordagem transnacional da história da ciência, que enfatiza a circulação de cientistas e saberes no período entreguerras, dando atenção a como as complexas identidades nacionais dos cientistas influenciaram suas trajetórias científicas.
A implantação de cidades inteligentes no Nordeste brasileiro: um breve diagnóstico
Authors: Araújo Douglas Da Silva , Guimarães Patrícia Borba Vilar , Costa Ademir Araújo da
Published: May 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o resultado do Ranking Connected Smart Cities, relativo ao ano de 2018, em especial as informações referentes à região do Nordeste brasileiro. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise de algumas ações viabilizadas pela cidade de Recife/PE para se tornar uma cidade inteligente, considerando a base teórico-conceitual do tema. No que diz respeito à estrutura do trabalho, inicialmente, foi feito um resgate sobre o processo de industrialização da Nordeste e como tal fato concorreu para a dinamização da sua base econômica, para o fortalecimento do mercado interno e para atrair investimentos para a região. Posteriormente, foram analisados os conceitos de cidades inteligentes, sustentáveis e digitais no intuito de estabelecer as diferenças e os pontos de convergência entre esses temas. Ao final, após análise dos dados sobre o ranking de cidades inteligentes do Nordeste, concluiu-se que ainda há muito caminho a ser percorrido para a implantação de verdadeiras smart cities na região, não bastando ações pontuais e desintegradas para solução dos problemas urbanos com o uso da tecnologia. Projetos “smart” devem prezar pelo desenvolvimento das funções sociais da cidade (moradia, lazer, trabalho, transporte, etc.), intermediado pela tecnologia, e sempre visando a garantia do bem-estar de seus habitantes.
Arrecadação de bem vago abandonado: estudo procedimental e panorama de efeitos
Authors: Jardim Felipe , Rocha Danielle De Melo , Souza Maria Ângela de Almeida
Published: May 2020

Arrecadação de Bem Vago Abandonado (ABVA) é um instrumento do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro que, desde o Código Civil de 1916, legitima a possibilidade de incorporação da propriedade privada abandonada ao patrimônio público, observado o devido procedimento legal, bem como os direitos de defesa do proprietário. Apesar de ter viés patrimonial, ela pode ser utilizada, ao lado de outras ferramentas, como meio de proteção e o estímulo à função social da propriedade e da cidade, já que pune o proprietário do solo urbano ocioso com a perda da propriedade. Assim, esta pesquisa objetivou investigar o procedimento arrecadatório e os efeitos positivos e negativos para a sociedade, o poder público e o proprietário da aplicação da ABVA. O estudo indutivo foi desenvolvido a partir da elucidação documental da regulamentação legislativa, do mapeamento de casos concretos e da análise de dissertações, além de artigos especializados no tema. Foi posto em perspectiva que a ABVA é um instrumento importante para o planejamento urbano no combate à ociosidade imobiliária, mas que brechas legais requerem a complementariedade da ABVA por outros mecanismos a fim de impulsar a função social da cidade e da propriedade.
Administração consensual , accountability e transparência na administração pública brasileira
Authors: Santin Janaína Rigo , Frizon Leone
Published: May 2020

O objetivo do artigo é analisar as transformações pelas quais perpassa a Administração Pública neste início do século XXI. Em seu novo paradigma gerencial e consensual, evidencia-se uma articulação cada vez maior entre sociedade política e sociedade civil, com vistas a uma maior eficiência nos atos administrativos e nas políticas públicas e, por consequência, uma maior eficácia de direitos fundamentais. Desse modo, a pesquisa, pelo método lógico-dedutivo, conclui pela necessária superação das visões tradicionais de uma administração burocrática, fechada e centrada no governante, para ampliar os canais consensuais de gestão, pautados pela informação, transparência e accountability. Aproximar o cidadão dos seus gestores com vistas a fiscalizar, participar e colaborar na otimização da tomada da decisão administrativa, a fim de evitar a corrupção e a malversação dos já exíguos recursos públicos.
As teorias socioeconômicas da posse no Superior Tribunal de Justiça: aspectos materiais e aplicação processual
Authors: Silvestre Gilberto Fachetti
Published: May 2020

Apesar de ser conceito conhecido e utilizado pela comunidade jurídica nos dias atuais, a função social da posse em casos concretos se revela como controversa na literatura jurídica e no foro. Silvio Perozzi, Raymond Saleilles, Lodovico Barassi e Antonio Hernandez Gil construíram teorias que explicam a posse a partir de elementos socioeconômicos, de produtividade e de aprovação social. Mostrou-se, assim, necessário e útil verificar se a jurisprudência recente do Superior Tribunal de Justiça compreende a função social da posse a partir dessas teorias possessórias. O objeto escolhido se deve ao fato de o STJ ser a instância uniformizadora da jurisprudência no Brasil. A presente pesquisa, de caráter e método qualiquantitativo, analisou os fundamentos da função social da posse na literatura jurídica e nas Turmas do STJ. Para atingir o fim proposto, a pesquisa adotou a metodologia de revisão sistemática da jurisprudência, especificamente recorrendo a análise estatística dos julgados no âmbito das Turmas do STJ. Os dados obtidos através da pesquisa indicam que a ratio decidendi dos julgados guardam pertinência com mais de uma das teorias.
Os parques e os imóveis não desapropriados: uma proposta para a prática de atividades temporárias e de baixo impacto
Authors: D’Oliveira Rafael Lima Daudt
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo pretende analisar a situação na qual a administração edita decreto de utilidade pública para a criação de uma unidade de conservação de proteção integral, um parque, abrangendo imóveis privados. A edição do referido decreto acarreta uma série de limitações ao direito de propriedade de seus titulares. Ocorre que a efetiva implantação do parque não acontece e tem-se a caducidade do decreto de utilidade pública. Apesar disso, exige-se que os proprietários dos imóveis atingidos respeitem as normas de proteção ambiental relativas ao parque, que são extremamente restritivas. Discute-se no texto se, nesses casos, seria possível a autorização pelo poder público para o exercício de atividades temporárias e de baixo impacto no parque, até que seja o imóvel efetivamente desapropriado e a indenização paga. Analisa-se a jurisprudência do STJ sobre desapropriação indireta, os dispositivos legais aplicáveis e procede-se a uma ponderação de interesses na hipótese, tendo como fio condutor o princípio da proporcionalidade.
Positivismo, pluralismo jurídico e o paradigma emergente: a teoria da complexidade e seus obstáculos epistemológicos
Authors: Costa Lucas Kaiser , Francischetto Gilsilene Passon Picoretti
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo tem como pretensão investigar quais seriam os obstáculos, teóricos e práticos, impostos e enfrentados pela teoria da complexidade no paradigma emergente, tendo como lócus de observação o olhar a partir do direito. Parte-se, para tanto, da análise da transição paradigmática vivenciada entre a modernidade e o modelo emergente, verificando, a partir do exame sobre os referenciais teóricos, o paradigma cientificista e o contexto de surgimento da teoria da complexidade, bem como, a emergência do “complexo” e a necessidade de rompimento com o paradigma em crise, delineando, ainda, os aspectos gerais da teoria que fundamenta essa passagem. Propõe-se, então, contribuir com o debate, investigando teórica e dialeticamente, a relação entre direito e racionalidade e os caminhos que a parti daí se desenham, para se concluir pela existência de dois obstáculos: o positivismo jurídico, enquanto obstáculo teórico, operando na redução da complexidade do direito; e, o pluralismo jurídico, enquanto obstáculo epistemológico, negando a primazia do Estado na produção jurídica. A conformação de ambos os obstáculos são as barreiras epistemológicas que se colocam na emergência do paradigma emergente.
Raça, gênero e colonialidade: interpretações epistemológicas na produção criminológica crítica brasileira
Authors: Rosa Rayane Marinho , Ribeiro Junior Humberto
Published: May 2020

O presente trabalho se constitui como uma revisão bibliográfica que objetiva refletir a necessária articulação dos estudos feministas, raciais e decoloniais para a constante (re)construção de uma epistemologia criminológica que busca a compreensão da realidade social brasileira. O pensamento criminológico dominante, bem como a maioria dos outros campos do saber, se demonstra como uma ciência orientada por noções masculinas, de branquidade e eurocêntricas. Dessa forma, buscamos suscitar: i) a assimilação dos discursos positivistas e racistas na criminologia brasileira; ii) as contribuições e impactos das teorias feministas, raciais e decoloniais nas estruturações metodológicas e epistemológicas nesse campo; e iii) aludir as necessárias imbricações das categorias raça, gênero, classe e localização geopolítica interconectadas com a modernidade e a colonialidade. As reflexões expostas neste trabalho permitiram constatar como tais teorias auxiliam a reexaminar premissas e conceitos, bem como a partir da empiria revisitar as teorias até então produzidas, ampliando as percepções da questão criminal.
Fundamento constitucional-político para o controle externo
Authors: Reis Jair Teixeira dos , Azolin Audren Marlei
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo destacar o papel desempenhado pelas Cortes de Contas no estado brasileiro a partir da novel Carta de 1988, na atribuição de exercer o controle externo e a fiscalização contábil, financeira, orçamentária, operacional e patrimonial; apontar irregularidades e propor métodos adequados de aplicação da receita pública. Mereceu, também, análise o controle interno exercido pelo Ministério da Transparência e ControladoriaGeral da União, o controle social, o controle parlamentar e o controle judicial ou judiciário. Optou-se por um estudo que teve como base uma estratégia qualitativa de pesquisa. Orientada numa pesquisa bibliográfica, consignada em obras contemporâneas, em sua grande maioria, de autores nacionais.  Além, de uma análise da legislação vigente, considerando o contexto histórico, que representa alguns dos marcos normativos do controle da administração pública no Brasil.
O ceticismo na justiça e no direito em Montaigne
Authors: Franco Dalton
Published: May 2020

O trabalho apresenta o que pode ser o papel do ceticismo para o direito no pensamento de Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592). Em primeiro lugar, discute a justiça através de uma atitude solipsista. Em seguida, identifica como pode ser configurado o direito a partir do ceticismo pirrônico do ensaísta. Argumenta-se que o ceticismo aparece como diagnóstico e como instrumento de intervenção pela justiça. Ao final do trabalho, apontamos o direito montaigniano como um instrumento de imperfeição contínua, desarticulada de qualquer base dogmática.