bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of a well bottomhole zone treatment applying a spent sulfuric acid solution
Authors: Khabibullin Marat Ya.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Caused by the need to ensure highly efficient distribution of spent sulfuric acid solutions during acid treatment of a production well bottomhole zone. The proposed method increases the efficiency of this process by growth of efficiency of production wells exploiting terrigenous limestone reservoirs in the wellbore zone. Aim. To develop and propose a method for using spent sulfuric acid solutions during acid treatment of a production well bottomhole zone, a methodology for its application. The essence of the method is that to increase the efficiency of production wells exploiting terrigenous reservoirs, solutions of sulfuric acid or its derivatives, in particular spent sulfuric acid, are used as an acid reagent. Objects. It was revealed that the surface activity of spent sulfuric acid in fresh water at the interface with hydrocarbon liquids is significantly greater than the activity of solutions of commercial hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. Based on physical and chemical studies, it has been established that spent sulfuric acid solutions can be used in acid treatment of the bottomhole zone of wells to increase formation fluid production. Solutions of hydrochloric (HCl) and sulfuric (H2SO4) acids, as well as waste – spent sulfuric acid, were used as experimental liquids. Compared to commercial acids, the spent sulfuric acid solutions have the greatest ability to interact in carbonate rocks.   Methods. Models of porous medium were created in experimental columns, which were pipes made of organic glass with a length of 0.5 m and a diameter of 0.025 m. The manufactured model of the porous medium was evacuated and saturated with fresh water, after which the water permeability was determined, then the water was replaced with acid solutions. After a certain time for the acid to react with the carbonates of the porous medium, the water permeability was again determined. The experiments were carried out at room temperature and a pressure gradient of 0.05...0.2 MPa/m. Moreover, after completion of the treatment of the near-wellbore zone in order to prevent the deposition of sediments formed in the pores as a result of the interaction of acid with carbonates, the well is put into operation after an eight-hour holding period with large depressions in the near-wellbore zone. Results. Visual observations shown that water filtration through the porous medium at high pressure gradients leads to a large removal of sediments from the porous medium. This is the consequence of an increase in the porous medium permeability after treating it with a 15% solution of waste sulfuric acid. Thus, laboratory experiments shown that the use of spent sulfuric acid solutions under certain conditions can increase well productivity.
Influence of non-vacuum electric arc synthesis energy on the product of tungsten ore concentrate processing
Authors: Pak Alexander Ya. , Kokorina Aleksandra I. , Shanenkova Yuliya L. , Shanenkov Ivan I.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Caused by the problem of developing methods for obtaining tungsten carbide, especially from tungsten-containing waste. As a solution, a non-vacuum electric arc method is proposed. It is easy to operate and cheap compared to a direct analogue (arc discharge method in inert gas atmosphere). The resulting product can be used as a catalyst carrier in hydrogen production reactions. Aim. To determine the current and the energy entered in the system, necessary to obtain a product with a largest proportion of the hexagonal phase of tungsten carbide WC from tungsten ore concentrate by a non-vacuum electric arc method and investigate a sample with the largest proportion of tungsten carbide phase. Object. Electric arc synthesis in open air from tungsten ore concentrate. Methods. Grinding in a SAMPLE SPEX 8000M ball mill, magnetic separation, non-vacuum electric arc method of synthesis, X-ray phase analysis on a Shimadzu XRD 7000s X-ray diffractometer (λ=1.54060 Å), scanning electron microscopy combined with X-ray fluorescence energy-dispersive analysis based on a TESCAN VEGA 3 microscope SBU with OXFORD X-Max prefix, transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction based on the JEM-2100F microscope, scanning electron-ion microscopy based on the QUANTA 200 3D microscope. Results. The authors have built the dependence of the phase composition of the product of non-vacuum electric arc synthesis at current strengths from 50 to 220 A. Mass fraction of each of the identified phases in the synthesis product was determined using the reference intensity ratio. The current and the energy entered in the system, which provide the largest proportion of tungsten carbide WC in the synthesis product, are determined. The authors studied the product containing the largest proportion of tungsten carbide WC using scanning and transmission electron microscopy methods.
Polymodal distribution of water discharge probability in river systems
Authors: Melnik Igor A.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Statistical studies of water discharge in river systems conducted by various authors have shown that forms of distribution of river discharge probability density are polymodal. There are various hypotheses for the origin of this polymodal distribution. For example, in dynamic systems the formation of attractors is possible, or under conditions of perturbation of the initial data singular numbers can be transformed into a polymodal structure. However, the proposed hypotheses of formation of polymodal distribution of transformation intensity of elements of an open system are not always applicable to specific objects and are limited to certain conditions. Therefore, it is proposed to apply the universal theory of formation of polymodal distribution of transformation intensity of open systems to study water discharge distribution in river systems. Aim. To confirm the compliance of river flow modes with universal transformation principles in unifying the polymodal statistical probability distribution of water discharge in river systems. Object. Samples of water discharge intensity of hydrographic open systems of the Velikaya and Oka rivers in different seasonal period. Method. Determined on the basis of the derived universal equation of modes of unified polymodal probability density distributions for transformation of any open systems. Each mode in the unified polymodal distribution of river runoff corresponds to a certain universal principle of transformation of an open system under external influence. Its universality is based on the constants of the ratio of time parameters (internal time of transformation of system elements and external time of impact on the system) associated with the "golden" proportion. Soil evaporation and moistening reduce the flow rate and is an internal transforming process depending on atmospheric temperature, and precipitation is an external factor that increases river runoff. Results. Certain modes of polymodal distribution of water discharge fully correspond to universal states of transformation of open systems under external influence. For each seasonal period, the modes correspond to different, previously established principles of systems transformation. Conclusions. Based on a sample of water discharge in river systems, using the unification equation of polymodal distribution, it is possible to determine the state of the river system transformation in the present time and, knowing the parameters of external influence, to predict its future development.
Physico-chemical Properties and Processing Characteristics of Camel Milk as Compared with Other Dairy Species: A Review
Authors: Abduku Hussen , Eshetu Mitiku
Published: January 2024

Camels are the most climate resilience dairy species which survives and produces more milk in dry lands. Camel milk has a significant role in livelihood improvement and become the most promising industrial products in the future. Additionally, it has medicinal values, rich source of bioactive, antimicrobial, and antioxidant substances. Camel milk differs markedly from other dairy species by its protein composition, milk fat structure and mineral and vitamin. These characteristics have an obvious impact on product processing characteristics and product quality. Systematic review method was used; in which published and unpublished scientific research literatures were reviewed. In camel milk the absence of β-lactoglobulin, β-casein content, the colloidal structure and amino acid composition are the main factors which affect camel milk product processing. During processing chymosin extracted from calf cow does not allow the optimal clotting of casein micelles in camel milk, but lead to a weak curd. The higher content of whey protein to casein ratio, broader casein micelles structure and lower β-casein content are considered the main factors responsible for the differences in cheese coagulation between a camel and bovine milk. Moreover, the thicker and smaller fat globule results for the formation of a weak gel during fermentation processing. Therefore this review document provide the scientific evidence about the physicochemical property and processing characteristics of camel milk as well as point out where research is lacking.
Optimization of Heat Pump Drying Process for Schefflera heptaphylla Leaves by the Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Tan , Nhi Nguyen Thi Uyen , Thang Tran Dinh , Huyen Nguyen Thi
Published: January 2024

Background: Schefflera heptaphylla is a species of plant living in the forest, containing numerous bioactive compounds beneficial for human health. The efficient extraction of these bioactive compounds from the plant while minimizing losses is a currently highlighted issue. Methods: In this research, the impact of three variables: drying time (min), drying air velocity (m/s) and drying air temperature (oC) on the reactions, including loss of total phenolic (TPCL), total flavonoid content loss (TFCL) and moisture content (MC) investigation of Schefflera heptaphylla leaves was conducted using the central complex design (CCD) within the framework of the methodology reaction surface method (RSM). Result: The optimal conditions obtained from the response surface method were 48°C, 1.9 m/s and 600 min. The experimental values at the optimal conditions of TPCL, TFCL and MC are 17.22±0.20%, 14.83±0.15% and 8.47±0.12%, respectively. Crude fiber content, moisture content, total ash and total fat content of raw materials have been identified.
Molecular Detection and Partial Characterization of Coat Protein Gene of Moth Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MBYMV) from Northern Karnataka
Authors: Appu H.K. , Prema G.U.
Published: January 2024

Background: Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia (Jaq.) Marechal) is characterized as one of the most drought hardy, short duration, annual legume crop. It is mainly grown in Northern districts of Karnataka. Moth bean crop suffers from many diseases viz., yellow mosaic, bacterial blight, root rot, anthracnose and powdery mildew. Moth bean is targeted by YMV which causes severe damage to grain and fodder yields. Since not much work has been carried out on characterization of moth bean yellow mosaic virus in Northern Karnataka, an attempt was made to partially characterize coat protein gene of Moth Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MBYMV). Methods: The total genomic DNA was extracted from leaf tissues of healthy moth bean plants and yellow mosaic virus infected plants utilizing by modified CTAB method. Specific primers for yellow mosaic viruses were tried to amplify coat protein region of MBYMV. Result: Moth bean leaf samples showing yellow mosaic symptoms gave positive results with MYMV specific primer pairs (MYMV-CP-F/MYMV-CP-R) and yielded amplicons of ~1000 bp. The 1000 bp PCR products were directly sequenced and assembled. Phylogenetic tree based on full length coat protein gene sequence of MBYMV with other geminiviruses sequences downloaded from NCBI Genbank formed three major clusters of MYMV, HgYMV and MYMIV. The present MBYMV isolate formed unique cluster with MYMV group.
Analysis of Codon Preferences in Medicago ruthenica based on Transcriptome Data
Authors: Peng Xin , Mu Yingtong , Wu Feifei , Fu Nana , Shi Fengling , Zhang Yutong
Published: January 2024

Background: The study investigated codon usage bias in Medicago ruthenica transcriptome coding sequences, aiming to lay the foundation for optimizing codon composition and enhancing heterologous gene expression in Medicago ruthenica. Methods: In this research, Medicago ruthenica was used as the research material and 11,581 high-quality transcript gene sequences were selected from transcriptome data. Codon usage patterns and preferences were analyzed using software such as CodonW, R and Excel. Result: The study revealed that the effective number of codons (ENC) ranged from 28.8 to 61.0. The average GC content of codons in expressed genes of Medicago ruthenica was 0.40 and the average GC content of the third nucleotide position of synonymous codons (GC3s) was 0.33. Analysis through ENC-plot, neutrality plot and bias analysis suggested that codon usage bias in the Medicago ruthenica transcriptome may be the result of a combination of factors including selection and mutation. Fifteen optimal codons were selected, with ten ending in ‘A’ and five ending in ‘U’, indicating a preference for ‘A/U’ ending codons in the Medicago ruthenica transcriptome. The frequency of codon usage in Medicago ruthenica was compared to five other organisms, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max, Nicotiana tabacum, yeast and Escherichia coli, revealing significant differences with E. coli and relatively smaller differences with Nicotiana tabacum.
AI-Powered Predictive Modelling of Legume Crop Yields in a Changing Climate
Authors: Na Myung Hwan , Na In Seop
Published: January 2024

Background: This study utilized advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to develop predictive models for legume crop yields in the context of climate change scenarios. With the escalating challenges posed by climate change, accurately forecasting agricultural outcomes is imperative for sustainable food production. Methods: Utilizing an extensive dataset comprising legume crop yields, climate change forecasts and relevant environmental factors, this study employs advanced machine learning techniques such as XGBoost to create strong predictive models. The analysis encompasses diverse climate change scenarios to assess the resilience of legume crops under varying environmental conditions. Result: Results indicate a significant enhancement in predictive accuracy compared to conventional models, demonstrating the efficacy of AI in anticipating legume crop yields amidst climatic uncertainties. The presented work not only improves the precision of agricultural predictive modeling but also underscores the vital role of AI in mitigating the detrimental effects of climate change on food security. The agriculture industry faces changing weather patterns, thus using AI-powered prediction models becomes essential for making well-informed decisions and implementing sustainable farming methods.
MONTAGENS E DESMONTAGENS DAS INSTITUIÇÕES LIBERAIS DURANTE A MODERNIZAÇÃO POLÍTICA DA PROVÍNCIA MARANHENSE (1831-1840)
Authors: IAMASHITA LÉA MARIA CARRER
Published: January 2024

O artigo analisa a implantação do projeto modernizador na Província Maranhense durante a Experiência Regencial no Brasil (1831-1840). No âmbito das diferentes frentes do projeto, recortamos, para análise, a montagem e a desmontagem das instituições liberais durante a Regência no Maranhão, as tentativas para encontrar um formato “moderno” para a construção das instituições e das legislações geral e provincial.
OS VACILOS DO COLONIZADOR: transferências de vilas e aldeias no Maranhão
Authors: ASSUNÇÃO MATTHIAS RÖHRIG
Published: January 2024

O elevado número de transferências de vilas e povoados no Maranhão colonial e oitocentista decorre de várias causas.  Uma delas é a inadequação dos locais escolhidos para implantação dos núcleos urbanos a serem desenvolvidos, como, por exemplo, às margens de rios submetidos às enchentes. Se transferências resultaram de um meio ambiente hostil aos planos e intentos dos colonizadores, eram também causadas pela hostilidade dos nativos da terra, que se opunham à sua escravização. Quando capturados ou “resgatados” pelos colonos, ou descidos para aldeias missionárias, os indígenas eram não somente forçados a trabalhar, mas eram vítimas também de epidemias, com as bexigas (varíola). Grande mortandade, por sua vez, levou ao abandono de vilas ou a sua transferência. Finalmente, disputas locais entre elites provocavam mudanças apenas da territorialização e das insígnias do poder municipal, sem implicar necessariamente uma transferência de assentamento. O artigo explora esses temas baseado principalmente no caso das vilas e povoados do Maranhão oriental, a região entre o oceano e os rios Itapecuru e Parnaíba até a altura de Caxias.
VARIANTS OF EMOTION LEXICONS, ‘MARAH’ (ANGRY) AND ‘MALAS’ (LAZY) IN LANGKAWI ISLAND: A GEO-LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Kasdan Junaini , Radzi Harishon , Nopiah Julaina
Published: January 2024

In general, research in geographical dialects in Malaysia has uncovered dialect distribution based on lexical and phonological differences, which has been the basis of today’s geo-linguistic studies. This study investigated the emotion lexicon, ‘marah’ (angry) and ‘malas’ (lazy), in the dialect of Malay, Langkawi Island. Data were collected through fieldwork with 447 respondents of youth, adult, and senior citizens across social status or educational levels. The collected data were transcribed using phonetic symbols and coded with ArcGIS software for producing choropleth maps. The research aimed to identify the variants of emotion lexicons in their daily conversation. The study found 12 variants of ‘angry’ and 12 variants of ‘lazy.' By comparing the difference and distribution of each lexicon variant, mapping was successfully conducted using the choropleth technique. The study has also successfully applied Geographic Information System (GIS) to describe geographical factors that influence the formation and distribution of emotion lexicon variants in Langkawi island, which proves their close relation with geographical aspects in Langkawi.
POSTFEMINISM CONCEPT IN LUX INDONESIA “LUX BERANI CANTIK 30” ADVERTISEMENT: A MULTIMODAL CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Authors: Hanifah Owyana Nur , Kurniawan Muhammad Hafiz , Farida Hana , Atmantika Zanuwar Hakim
Published: January 2024

Advertisement does not only promote products but also conveys a message behind the promotion. One of the current trending concepts is femvertising. The initial purpose of femvertising is to fill the concept of advertising that uses pro-female talent, words, and images to empower women and girls. As a result, advertising has attracted more consumers and evolved into a movement aimed at selling more items to women rather than a genuine subversion and changing gender stereotypes. Lux is also one of the brands indicated to use the advertising concept, as in its advertisement "LUX Berani Cantik 30" (LUX Dare to be Beautiful 30). Following the advertising concept, this research explores how LUX represents feminist elements in its advertisement using the Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) theory by Machin and Mayr (2012) and a descriptive qualitative approach. The findings demonstrate that lexical and visual multi modal aspects indicate the interrelation of meaning between interconnected aspects. The resulting meaning in Lux ads reflects the interpretation of feminine women who dare to express their beauty in front of the public.
Public Resistance to the Limited Face to Face Learning Policy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Islamic Elementary School
Authors: Zuhdiyah Zuhdiyah
Published: January 2024

The limited face-to-face learning (PTMT policy implemented by the Indonesian government during the COVID-19 pandemic has received two forms of resistance: closed (practiced by teachers, parents, and students) and open (practiced by teachers). This resistance has made it difficult to resume face-to-face learning. As such, this article seeks to illustrate the public's resistance to the PTMT policy and analyze the implications of this resistance. This article relies on data collected from online media as well as interviews with representatives of diverse elements of society. It shows that resistance has been rooted in several factors: familiarity with online learning, concern that health protocols would not be optimally implemented; and economic concerns. This article recommends conducting further research to obtain a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the public's resistance to PTMT.
Effectiveness of learner-centered methods in elevating positive attitudes towards English: Meta-analysis study
Authors: ÜZÜM Burhan , ÖZBEK Ramazan
Published: January 2024

This paper analyzed the effect of learner-centered methods (cooperative learning, drama and project-based learning) on learners' attitudes towards English lesson. Meta-analysis method was used in the study. 24 studies (25 effect sizes) were discovered through literature review. Analyzes were done using random effects model. Learner-centered methods in foreign language teaching had a large (g=0.925, 95% CI [0.642-1.209], p<.0.000) effect on learners' attitudes towards English lesson. The publication bias was interpreted both visually through Funnel plot and statistically via Rosenthal Classic fail-safe N and Orwin fail-safe N methods. Year of publication, the place of the research, publication type, the method applied, language skill, teaching level, experimental application duration and sample size were identified as moderators. It was concluded that Q-value for the effect sizes for publication year, language skill and teaching level was statistically meaningful and effective on the heterogeneity of effect sizes. One of the remarkable results was that the longer the experimental application period, the more effective it was in increasing positive attitudes towards the lesson.
Teaching socioscientific issues in the digital age: Emerging trends and unexplored frontiers
Authors: KARIŞAN Dilek , ZEIDLER Dana
Published: January 2024

As society navigates complex socioscientific issues (SSI) in an increasingly digitalized world, science education faces evolving challenges and opportunities. This study aimed to conduct a literature review by systematically analyzing and synthesizing existing research and publications on SSI pedagogy and the digital age. The steps involved in this method include: identifying the research scope, searching and selecting relevant literature, analyzing and synthesizing relevant literature, identifying gaps and trends, and critical evaluation and interpretation. The study explores the intersection of SSI pedagogy and the digital age, shedding light on both emerging trends and uncharted frontiers. The review delves into the dynamic landscape of SSI education, emphasizing the integration of digital technologies as a means to engage students in authentic, real-world problem-solving. It examines the role of technology in enhancing SSI learning experiences, from virtual simulations to online collaborative platforms. Furthermore, the review critically evaluates the impact of digital tools on student decision-making, argumentation skills, and ethical reasoning in the context of socioscientific dilemmas. This review also addresses the challenges and opportunities of teaching SSI in online and blended learning environments, particularly in light of the global shift toward remote education. In summary, this review informs educators, and researchers, and underscores the pivotal role of digital technologies in preparing students to navigate the complex socioscientific challenges of the 21st century.
Biopharmaceuticals: A review of their development and contribution to healthcare
Authors: Bin Liew Kai , Lee Siew-Keah , Chiau Ming Long , Helal Uddin A.B.M. , Islam Sarker Zaidul , Chew Yik-Ling , Er Kee Phei
Published: January 2024

Biopharmaceuticals play a crucial role in preventing, treating, and diagnosing a diverse range of diseases across various medical disciplines. The market for biopharmaceuticals has experienced significant growth, driven by tremendous demand, with their dynamic market potential believed to surpass that of conventional counterparts. This review provides insight into the manufacturing process of biopharmaceuticals, covering both upstream and downstream processing. Various types of biopharmaceutical products, such as monoclonal antibodies, enzymes, vaccines, stem cells, human growth hormones, cytokines, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, are explored alongside their respective clinical applications. The review also addresses the challenges encountered in the development, formulation, and utilization of these biopharmaceuticals. In essence, this review contributes valuable knowledge to the understanding of the expansive field of biopharmaceuticals.
The effect of aging on the accuracy of marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of CAD/CAM PEEK single crown restoration
Authors: Almabadi Afaf A.
Published: January 2024

Aim: In recent years, great advances have been made in the use of CAD/CAM to prepare fixed restorations. The marginal and internal fit of these restorations is a principal determinant for their clinical success. In addition, the nature of the oral environment affects the mechanical properties of these restorations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of aging process under conditions that simulate the oral environment on the marginal adaptation, and, fracture resistance of crowns fabricated from polyether ether ketone (PEEK) using CAD/CAM methods. Methods: Twenty identical crown restorations were fabricated by using CAD/CAM methods to mill polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material. These crowns were produced by using a software design of an epoxy resin replica of the prepared maxillary first premolar tooth. All PEEK crowns were cemented and randomly divided into two equal groups (A, B). Each group was divided into subgroups (A1, A2 and B1, B2). Group A1 and A2 were used to measure marginal adaptation and fracture resistance, respectively, before aging, while group (B1 and B2) were measured after aging. The cemented crowns were mounted in resin molds to facilitate the sectioning process. The measurements of the marginal gap were performed after sectioning at four points using a stereomicroscope. The fracture resistance of the crowns was investigated using a universal testing machine. A statistical analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism® software version and unpaired Student’s t-test. Results: The results revealed that aging affected the marginal gap, and the fracture resistance of the PEEK crowns. While aging, negatively affected the conditions under investigation, however the least significant difference of marginal gap was found in the margin region. Conclusions: PEEK-CAD/CAM is considered as a good alternative prosthodontic material for fixed prostheses. The CAD/CAM technique used to make PEEK crown restorations in our study offers the advantages of high marginal accuracy and fracture resistance for long-term performance in the oral environment.
The emerging role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in oral cavity and oropharyngeal carcinomas
Authors: Chan Kimberly , Saltagi Mohamad , Choi Karen Y.
Published: January 2024

Management of clinically negative necks (cN0) in oral cavity (OCSCC) and oropharyngeal (OPSCC) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has evolved over time. Historically, the clinically negative neck has been managed with elective neck dissection (END) or observation, but more recently sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has emerged as a technique to detect occult metastases. In this review, we will discuss the role of SLNB in early-stage OCSCC and in the management of OPSCC.
Marginal ulceration after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass - literature review and management algorithm
Authors: Baldwin Dustin , Ali Ahmed M. , Altieri Maria S. , DeMaria Eric J.
Published: January 2024

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)-associated marginal ulceration (MU) poses significant challenges for both patients and clinicians. Persistent symptoms such as epigastric pain, nausea, and reduced oral intake complicate the clinical landscape. MU can lead to severe complications, including anastomotic strictures, bleeding, and perforations. The etiology of MU is intricate, likely stemming from a combination of technical and patient-related factors. Technical considerations involve ischemia, tension on the anastomosis causing tissue ischemia, anastomotic technique, gastric pouch size, foreign bodies, and gastrogastric fistulas. Patient factors encompass smoking, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and uncontrolled medical comorbidities. Diagnosis primarily relies on upper endoscopy. Initial treatment typically involves proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and sucralfate. Should these measures prove insufficient, the addition of misoprostol and the implementation of endoscopic techniques, such as oversewing or stenting across the ulcer, may be considered to facilitate healing. Ultimately, if medical and endoscopic interventions fail, surgical options become imperative. These include transthoracic truncal vagotomy and revisional procedures such as resection of the ulcer with redo gastrojejunal anastomosis, resection of the ulcer and pouch with esophagojejunal anastomosis, or resection and reversal to normal anatomy. Surgical interventions demand expertise and should be conducted at qualified, high-volume centers. To support clinicians in comprehending the nuances of MU, we conducted a literature review, presenting a summary of our findings. Additionally, we propose an algorithm delineating the escalation of treatments for MU, ranging from medical to endoscopic to surgical therapies. This concise review aims to assist clinicians in both the prevention and treatment of marginal ulceration.
Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Self-Care Ibu Hamil Selama Pandemi di Negara Maju dan Berkembang : Sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka
Authors: Adillah Nurazizah  , Diana Tri Hastuti  , Layrine Immanuke Zalsabila  , Mutiara Pradipta Nur'aini  , Nisrina Ocktalifa Chumair  , Cahya Tri Purnami  , Winarni Sri , Agushybana Farid
Published: January 2024

Kasus kematian ibu, bayi lahir prematur, serta keterbatasan akses perawatan intensif ibu hamil meningkat di masa pandemi Covid-19. Diperlukan sistem perawatan khusus bagi ibu hamil berupa aplikasi self-care, sehingga ibu hamil bisa melakukan perawatan mandiri tanpa harus datang ke pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat bagaimana pemanfaatan aplikasi self-care selama pandemi Covid-19 di negara berkembang dan negara maju. Penelitian ini merupakan literature review dengan melakukan tinjauan pustaka di berbagai portal seperti Google scholar, Pubmed, dan ScienceDirect. Penyeleksian dimulai dari 1.604 artikel menjadi 702 hingga kemudian didapatkan hasil sebanyak 14 artikel. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ditemukannya berbagai macam aplikasi self-care dari delapan negara, yaitu Indonesia, India, Amerika Serikat, Cina, Uganda, Iran, Rusia dan Inggris. Masing-masing aplikasi memiliki kekurangan dan kelebihan. Beberapa negara telah mengembangkan aplikasi self-care untuk memudahkan ibu hamil dalam mengakses berbagai informasi terkait kehamilannya sekaligus meningkatkan kemampuan ibu dalam menjaga kesehatannya.
A Proof of Collatz Conjecture Using Pyramid Fractions
Authors: Khoshakhlagh Varnosfaderani Mehdi
Published: January 2024

In this paper, I introduce a new concept of representing numbers in base ; in other words, I have found new series for any number similar to series that could be written according to the collatz sequence which is called zi(n) in this article. These series need to end with 1. Then, we use two sets of rules to make a diagram which then proves the existence of such series for any number.In this diagram, by branching numbers into different branches in accordance to the modularity of 4 and continuing branching to the point that their numbers have enough common terms in their collatz series, we could reduce zi(n) to zi(k) so that k<n in any branch by Rule Number One. This diagram shows that zi(n) exists for every number, in other words, this proves the theorem (A) or zi-existence theorem. The proof of zi-existence theorem leads to a proof of the collatz conjecture because the collatz series could be written as a linear combination of such series that all of them end with 1, so the collatz series for any number ends with 1.
Study of RFID technology for Warehouse Traceability in the Company FRUMECAR
Authors: Guerrero Gonzalez Antonio , Pedreño Roca Maria José , Ayala Bernal Pedro José
Published: January 2024

This paper is a detailed study on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology focused on its application for warehouse traceability in the company FRUMECAR. It highlights the importance of controlling the traceability of items in warehouses or logistics companies, highlighting the need for reliable, real-time information to effectively manage inventory and resolve incidents quickly. The paper discusses in depth what RFID is, its types, main components such as tags, readers, and antennas, as well as discussing how it works, advantages, disadvantages, and specific applications. It also examines factors such as return on investment, cost feasibility, and environmental factors that influence the implementation of RFID systems. The paper presents a practical approach, proposing RFID-based solutions to improve traceability in FRUMECAR, analyzing the current state of the company and its warehouses, with the aim of implementing an efficient system that allows real-time tracking of products.
Crimped PLA Fibers with Three Levels of Pore Structure Promote Rapid Endothelialization of Blood Vessels
Authors: Liu Mengzhu , Zhang Xiaojing , Chen Tao
Published: January 2024

Electrospun fiber scaffolds are widely used in small diameter vascular tissue engineering because they mimick organizational structure and biological function of natural extracellular matrix. However, there is still one problem of low patency rate in the long term. The main reasons are the mismatch of compliance and the easy formation of thrombus. Therefore, it is very important to promote the rapid endothelialization of small diameter tissue engineering blood vessels by regulating the topological structure and biological properties of electrospun fiber scaffolds. Firstly, crimped polylactic acid (PLA) fibers were prepared by heat treatment to mimick the crimped structure and nonlinear mechanical properties of the elastic membrane of blood vessel wall. It improved effectively the aspect ratio of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and promoted lateral alignment and growth. Then, crimped PLA fibers with three levels of pore structure were prepared by thermal induced phase separation, vapor induced phase separation and laser ablation to enhance the degree of HUVECs infiltrarion and realize patterned cell growth. Crimped PLA fibers with three levels of pore structure promote rapid endothelialization of blood vessels, which is of great significance to achieve long term patency rate of small diameter tissue engineering blood vessels.
Study of Use Patterns of Some Indispensable Wild Edible Plant Species Resources
Authors: MOKGANYA MOKGAETJI GEORGINAH , TSHISIKHAWE MILINGONI PETER
Published: January 2024

Limited quantitative studies exist on wild edible plants of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. This has important implications for the livelihood sustainability of rural communities, retention of indigenous knowledge, domestication of such plants, and environmental conservation efforts. The current study focused on the use pattern of wild edible plant diversity from four municipalities in the Vhembe District Municipality. One hundred and sixty participants were interviewed to solicit information on the diversity of plants, growth forms, and their uses. Eighty-seven wild edible plants distributed amongst 34 plant families were documented. The botanical family Malvaceae was the most used, followed by the Cucurbitaceae. Plant parts such as the leaves and fruits were typically used. Due to seasonality, plant parts were normally preserved through a cook and dry, or collect and dry process. Flowers of other wild vegetables (viz. Cleome gynandra, Cucurbita pepo, and Sonchus asper) are edible. Noteworthy, the leaves of Morus alba var alba are used as a leafy vegetable. The results of this research will play a crucial role in the encouragement of continuous utilization of these plants and hence work towards shaping the creation of rural livelihood strategies. Furthermore, the outcomes of this research will enlighten the agricultural-reliant societies of the study area with the domestication of wild edible plants as a way of introducing new crop species.
Facial Expression Recognition Based on Convolutional Spiking Neural Network and STDP Fine-Tune
Authors: Pu Guiyang , Chen Jiankun
Published: January 2024

Accurate and robust deep learning models for facial expression recognition are challenging to achieve, given the diversity of human faces and variations in images, including different facial poses and lighting conditions. In this work, we proposed a clock-driven convolutional Spiking Neural Network (SNN) and STDP fine-tune architecture, meticulously calibrated its hyperpa-rameters, and experimented with various optimization methods. The best model resulted was trained and evaluated on the Fer2013 and FER+ database, obtaining an accuracy of 61.87% and 79.97% without requiring auxiliary training data or face registration. To our best knowledge, the proposed SNN achieved comparable accuracy to CNNs of similar depth and possessed advantages of low energy consumption and high computational efficiency. The computational efficiency of the proposed SNN is approximately three times that of CNNs. Along with this, we introduced the very recent cumulative spike guided encoder visualization technique and revealed the strong encoding capability of the proposed SNN.
Damage by the 1855 Edo Earthquake and Response to the Disaster—Study Based on Edo Ohjishin no Zu (Picture Scroll of the 1855 Edo Earthquake)—
Authors: Sugimori Reiko ,   Editorial Office
Published: January 2024

The great earthquake in 1855 caused extensive damage to Edo, where the shogunate was located and more than one million people lived. The picture scroll on the subject of this earthquake, Edo Ohjishin no Zu, has been conventionally understood as depicting the general situation in Edo before and after the earthquake. However, an examination of related historical documents reveals that the scroll depicts the specific situation in the area between the Saiwaibashi-mon Gate and the Shiba Residence of the Satsuma Domain up to three months after the earthquake. The depiction of the damage and people’s behavior corresponds well with the descriptions in the historical documents. Edo Ohjishin no Zu shows the damage caused by the earthquake and fire, and the restoration process based on the facts, indicating that restoration progressed to some extent in the town areas during the three months after the earthquake. The premise that made this possible was the experience in dealing with fires that had accumulated in Edo, where fires were common. Although it was the first time for the machi-kaisho offices to provide relief in the wake of an earthquake, they quickly responded to the complex disaster involving fire by drawing on their past experience. Edo Ohjishin no Zu is a historical material that describes the sequence of events from the occurrence of the earthquake to the restoration process and can be used as a reference for disaster response even today.
Vulnerability of Aso Volcano’s Disaster Mitigation System, as Revealed by the Phreatic Eruption of October 20, 2021
Authors: Ohkura Takahiro ,   Editorial Office
Published: January 2024

At Aso volcano, phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions have repeatedly caused volcanic disasters with fatalities near the crater. While it is important to conduct research on eruption forecasting for reducing the risk to tourists and climbers of this volcano, it is also important to improve disaster prevention literacy regarding the volcanic eruptions. To improve disaster prevention literacy, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms of volcanic disasters based on case studies. In this study, the author chronologically summarizes the incident of the phreatic eruption that occurred in 2021 at Aso volcano. Although the Japan Meteorological Agency issued volcanic activity information sequentially as the volcanic activity increased, this information did not lead to prompt and effective closure of mountain trails. There was also a problem with the collection of volcanic information by climbers. It became clear that information on volcanic activity was not used effectively by either those regulating the mountain trails or those using them. Efforts should be made to resolve these issues in the future.
System Development for Tsunami Evacuation Drill Using ICT and Tsunami Inundation Simulation Data
Authors: Shiozaki Daisuke ,   Editorial Office, Hashimoto Yuichi
Published: January 2024

This study aims to consider the effects and problems of a tsunami evacuation drill support system that visualizes dynamic tsunami data and evacuees’ locations. The system was developed and operated during a tsunami evacuation drill experiment. The location information application transmits evacuees’ locations in real time using the GPS and network functions of a multi-function terminal. The web application visualizes tsunami data and evacuees’ locations with animation on a web map using WebGIS. By operating the system in the tsunami evacuation experiment, the study could immediately evaluate the evacuation drills through real-time visualization of the evacuees’ actions. Feedback, including the results and evaluations of the evacuation drills, was provided to the participants. Before receiving feedback, 50% of the participants positively evaluated the drill results. However, 42.1% of the participants changed their evaluation to negative after receiving feedback. Additionally, by emphasizing the speed of action during evacuation as one of the important factors for quick evacuation, the system helped to alter participants’ disaster prevention awareness.
A Risk-Scrutinizing Attitude is Independent of Risk-Sensitive Attitude and May Hamper a Proper Protective Response: A Tsunami Simulation Experiment
Authors: Takubo Masato ,   Editorial Office, Sugiura Motoaki , Ishibashi Ryo , Miura Naoki , Tanabe-Ishibashi Azumi
Published: January 2024

In decision making related to protective action against hazard risk, scrutinization of hazard-related information seems favorable for accurate risk evaluation. It is, however, unknown how such a risk-scrutiny attitude is related to sensitivity in risk perception or the difference in the types of information (e.g., sensory vs. numerical). Furthermore, how these attitudes are related to evacuation-prone individual factors, which may inform the psychological mechanisms of these attitudes, remains unknown. To address these questions, we conducted an online experiment (n = 1,200) using evacuation decision-making task with 40 earthquake scenarios where tsunami risks were manipulated using sensory or numerical information. Factor analysis identified risk-sensitive attitude, risk-scrutiny attitude, and sensitivity to sensory (vs. numerical) information. Risk-sensitive attitude was positively related to a evacuation-prone trait, that is emotion regulation, while risk-scrutiny attitude was negatively related to another evacuation-prone trait, leadership. The results demonstrated the independence of risk-scrutiny attitude from risk-sensitive attitude, as well as their independence from information types. Importantly, our results supported the notion that the suppression of optimistic bias is critical for risk-sensitive attitude and that the motivation to resolve the cognitive dissonance may underlie the risk-scrutiny attitude and delayed protective response. The current results have implications for psychological theories of protective decision making and development of disaster communication and education systems for tsunami and potentially other types of disasters.
Literacy for Disaster Resilience from “Downstream”: A Case Study of the Nankai Trough Earthquake Countermeasures in Kochi City
Authors: Muroi Kenji ,   Editorial Office
Published: January 2024

Disaster resilience is an interdisciplinary area of study. Collaboration between humanities and sciences is important to approach issues in this area. However, science and engineering consider disaster resilience as minimizing the scientifically estimated damage induced by natural hazards. In contrast, disaster resilience studies in the social sciences tend to focus on societal vulnerability. The views between the two disciplines can lead to inconsistency or contradiction. This paper discussed this issue. To do so, the author uses the case study focusing on the effects of predictions on Nankai Trough Earthquake countermeasures in Kochi City, Japan. First, this study revealed that not only the revision of hazard prediction but the historical background of land use development affected the large-scale earthquake damage estimation in Kochi City. Second, the upward revision of hazard prediction resulted in strengthening of community disaster management. However, it also accelerated residential relocation associated with class disparities. As a result, ironically, marginalized social groups were unevenly located in predicted tsunami inundation areas. However, such issues are not considered in the existing disaster resilience scheme and policy. Based on this analysis, it is argued that communicating scientific knowledge on hazards to society alone is not enough. Considering the local context, the perspective of literacy for disaster resilience from downstream’ is also important.
Comparative Study of Literacy Enhancement on Volcanic Disaster Reduction for the Residents and Visitors in Mt. Ontakesan and Other Volcanic Areas
Authors: Horii Masae ,   Editorial Office, Yamaoka Koshun , Kim Haeng-Yoong , Takewaki Satoshi , Kunitomo Takahiro
Published: January 2024

After the eruption of Mt. Ontakesan Volcano in 2014, Ontakesan Volcano Laboratory, Nagoya University was established in 2017 to keep and develop the face-to-face relationship between the local community and volcano experts. In 2018, the Ontakesan Volcano Meister System also started to undertake activities for volcanic disaster management and promotion of the regional economy. Additionally, two visitor centers opened in Kiso Town (at the foot of Mt. Ontakesan) and Otaki Village (at the entrance of the trail to the summit) in 2022. We compared these activities in the Ontakesan area with other volcanic areas (Usuzan, Bandaisan, Hakoneyama, Fujisan, Asosan, Unzendake, and Sakurajima) from the perspective of literacy enhancement on volcanic disaster management. We made an interview survey of the organizations/facilities responsible for volcanic disaster prevention education in these volcano areas to evaluate the activity of the Ontakesan Voclano Meisters. We considered common and specific issues among them to clarify the characteristics of literacy enhancement for volcanic disaster reduction in the Ontakesan area. In all the organizations that we surveyed, there is a common emphasis on the education for children to transfer disaster memories to the next generation and to raise their awareness of disaster prevention. Though the Ontakesan Volcano Meisters have less interaction with the local residents than other areas, they exceed in the enlightenment for climbers and have made efforts to raise the safety awareness of climbers on site since their establishment.