bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of pmma dosimeters response against storage temperature and post-irradiation time
Authors: Fitriana R , Putri M A E
Published: February 2020

In ensuring the correct amount of the absorbed dose received, the proper treatment in dosimeter measurement is needed due to several factors that can affect the measurement results. Therefore, the observation focuses on the measurement results of the absorbed dose of type 3042 AA Harwell fabrication-PMMA dosimeter against storage temperature and post-irradiation time. The dosimeter is irradiated using Gamma Cell Upgrade 220 with a dose rate of 4,718 Gy/hour and a target dose of 10 kGy and 25 kGy. Irradiated dosimeters are treated with storage temperatures at 4°C, 23°C, and 40°C and post-irradiation times at 0 hours, 1 hour, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days. The absorbed-dose measurements are compared with the calibration results of PMMA dosimeter with the Fricke standard. At the target dose of 10 kGy, it shows that the temperature of 23°C has the smallest average error that is 5.76% with a 7-day measurement tolerance time. A similar thing happened at the target dose of 25 kGy, it has the smallest average error of 1.81%. However, the target dose of 25 kGy shows that dosimeter cannot be stored at 40°C longer than 1 day due to error tolerance is reaching 46.09%.
Study on technology of RF ion source for compact neutron generator
Authors: Pudjorahardjo D S , Suprapto
Published: February 2020

The technology of RF ion source for compact neutron generator has been studied. Compact neutron generator is a neutron generator with a relatively small size compared to conventional neutron generator; therefore it is very convenient to be used for field applications. Although the size is relatively small, compact neutron generator has the capability to produce neutrons with high neutron yield and the long operational lifetime which are the requirements of neutron generator for field applications. The main parts of the compact neutron generator are constructed in a small chamber of 2 – 5 cm diameter, 30 – 50 cm length. One of the main parts is ion source to produce positive deuteron ions which will bombard the target to produce fast neutrons. There are some types of an ion source for a compact neutron generator, one of which is radio frequency (RF) ion source. The advantage of the RF ion source is that most of the produced ions (> 80%) are atomic ions. Therefore the efficiency of the ion source is greater and subsequently the neutron yield is greater, small ions beam spot without overheating at the target. RF ion source requires an RF generator/RF power supply. The operating frequency of the RF generator is usually of 13.56 MHz. The output impedance of the RF generator is adjusted to the impedance of the transmission line (50 Ohm). A matching network is used to match the impedance of the RF antenna (0.5 – 2 Ohm) in order to maximize the transfer of RF power and to protect the equipment.
Hydroxyapatite (Ha) labeling with a phosphorus-32 radioisotope of the TRIGA 2000 reactor irradiation result as a candidate for radiosinovectomy therapy
Authors: Rattyananda B S , Febrian M B , Setiadi Y , Setiawan D , Aziz A , Mulyati T S , Suherman A
Published: February 2020

Radiosynovectomy is a therapy performed on patients with acute-level arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis) as an alternative solution besides surgery. Radiosynovectomy is performed using a labeled compound with a particle size of 0.5-10 μm labeled with a β radioisotope. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a 1-10 μm-sized compound found in bones with the components of Calcium (Ca) & Phosphorus (P). Phosphorus-32 (32P) is a radioactive form of Phosphorus which emits pure beta rays and is often used for therapy. Labelling HA with 32P tends to be easy to do with a substitution reaction, because phosphorus is the main constituent of HA. Phosphorus-32 was made by irradiating natural sulfur at the Bandung TRIGA 2000 reactor facility following the 32S (n, p) 32P reaction mechanism. The separation process of Phosphorus-32 was carried out by a distillation method followed by extraction with 0.01 N HCl accompanied by heating for 30 minutes. The Phosphorus-32 solution is then passed through a 3 gr cation exchange resin. Before Phosphorus-32 was used for Labelling of HA, a Radionuclide Purity test was performed with a gamma-MCA spectrophotometer and a Radiochemical Purity test using paper chromatography. The test results showed Phosphorus-32 had Radionuclide Purity > 99.99% and Radiochemical Purity > 96%. 0.5 mCi Phosphorus-32 which meets the quality test requirements is reacted with 7 mg Ha at pH 7. Then it is vortexed at 1500 rpm for 60 minutes with 70 ° C heating. HA-32P is separated using centrifugation into residual and supernatant fractions. Measure the radioactivity of both fractions with a dose calibrator. Labeling Yield HA with Phosphorus-32 was obtained 98%. Furthermore this HA is ready to be used in in vivo tests for radiosynovectomy.
Stability of 131I-Ortho-Iodo-Hippuric Acid (131I-Hippuran) Labelled Compound Produced by CANST (Center of Applied Nuclear Science and Technology)-BATAN Bandung
Authors: Rosyidiah Endah , Mulyati Titin Sri , Teguh Hafiz AW , Sugiharti Rizky Juwita , Sriyani Maula Eka
Published: February 2020

131I-ortho-iodo-hippuiic acid (131-Hippuran) labelled compound has been used in nuclear medicine for renal function evaluation. The labelled compound solution administered to patients via intravenous injection. Radiation from the labelled compound tracked by gamma detector in Renograph. PSTNT has succeeded produce 131-Hippuran to cover the demand from An Nur Urology-Specialized Hospital, Yogyakarta. 131-Hippuran was purified by column chromatography method. HPLC analysis were performed to specified which fraction has higher radiochemical purity and will be used for patients. 131-Hippuran stability testing needs to be done related to the decay of radioactive compounds. Three storage temperatures were prepared as follows: 4, 25, and 30thC. Radiochemical purity of each temperature determined by paper electrophoresis method on day 1, 6, 9, 13, 20, 23, and 30. The static phase used was whatman 1 paper, while mobile phase was phosphate buffer pH 9. The initial radiochemical purity is 99.52%. While on 30” day, radiochemical purity in storage temperatures of 4, 25, and 30°C are 97.04, 96.37, and 96.96% respectively. Statistical analysis using SPSS was performed to determine whether there was a significant difference in the radiochemical purity of each storage temperature. Normality and homogeneity test showed the radiochemical purity is normally distributed and has homogenous variance at three different storage temperature. Furthermore, the result of One-way ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference of radiochemical purity in various storage temperatures. In conclusion, 131-Hippuran labelled compound produced by CANST-BATAN Bandung is relatively stable up to 30 days and not affected by storage temperature.
Analysis of external radiation exposure from building materials using resrad-build (case study: perumnas bumi guwosari)
Authors: Anggraeni Diana Fitria , Wijaya Gede Sutresna , Muharini Anung
Published: February 2020

One of the natural radiation that is not realized by humans comes from radionuclides in building materials. So, it becomes necessary to study the natural radioactivity in various building materials to calculate the annual effective dose of the public in Perumnas Bumi Guwosari room model. In this paper, activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in 5 cement, 5 sand, 5 red brick, and 5 ceramic samples were bought directly from the local hardware store in Yogyakarta were determined by gamma-ray spectrometry with HPGe detector. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K ranged from 23.87 ± 20.88 to 49.31 ± 31.04 Bq.kg−1, 11.56 ± 12.41 to 36.62 ± 14.34 Bq.kg−1 and 0.1443 ± 11.2029 to 58.82 ± 15.01 Bq.kg−1, respectively in various samples. The radium equivalent activity ranged from 17.7338 to 136.8901 Bq.kg−1 are lower than the limit of 370 Bq.kg−1 set by UNSCEAR. The highest value of external and internal hazard indices was found in ceramic samples 0.3705 and 0.5317 are below the UNSCEAR recommendation (Hext ⩽ 1 and Hin ⩽ 1). The results of calculating the annual effective dose using RESRAD-BUILD ranged 0.654-0.661 mSv.y−1 is lower than the annual recommended limit of 1 mSv.y−1. The parameters that most influence the increase in external radiation dose rate from building materials are the composition, density, and thickness of the floor and wall.
Design of Irradiation Facilities at Grid E-1 of Plate Type Research Reactor Bandung
Authors: Bahrum E S , Wibowo H , Setiadi Y , Handiaga W , Basuki P , Maulana A , Febrian M B
Published: February 2020

Design of Irradiation Facilities at Grid E-1 of Plate Type Research Reactor Bandung. Plate Type Research Reactor Bandung (PTRRB) core design is one of the result of PTRRB research programs. In the previous study the irradiation facilities at grid E-1 has not been designed and also distribution of thermal, epithermal and fast neutron flux at grid E-1 has not been studied. Since that data is very important especially in radioisotope production and neutron beam tube analysis, therefore in this study irradiation facilities at grid E-1will be designed. Previous PTRRB core design is a base for designing irradiation facilities at grid E-1. Considering geometrical of grid E-1 and aluminum tube dimension there are three possibilities aluminum tube configuration. The configurations are configuration 1, 2 and 3. Each configuration was modelled as arrangement of four aluminum tubes and each tube filled by four aluminum irradiation capsules. That configuration was starting point to made MCNP PTRRB reactor core model so there are three MCNP PTRRB reactor core model. MCNP PTRRB reactor core model is needed because MCNP software are computer program for calculating excess reactivity and neutron flux distribution at grid E-1. Result excess reactivity calculation of three configuration indicate that after installing irradiation tube excess reactivity is lower than of limit excess reactivity value 10.9 % of neutronic safety criteria of PTRRB design. Based on neutronic safety criteria, the three configuration is accepted for irradiation facilities PTRRB. Neutron flux calculation result of three configuration reveals that the highest neutron flux is located at capsule no II and III. Profile of thermal neutron flux, epithermal neutron flux and fast neutron flux of three configurations are similar. Neutron flux of thermal, epithermal and fast neutron of three configuration are slightly different. The calculation result reveal that highest thermal neutron flux at grid E-1 is 2.70 × 1013(n/cm
2.sec) at configuration 2. Based on neutronic safety criteria and thermal neutron flux, configuration 2 is appropriate for irradiation facilities of PTRRB.
Determination of micro essential element Fe in foodstuffs using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA)
Authors: Yusuf Saeful , Suprapti Siti , Istanto  , Mulyaningsih Rina , Sutisna  , Alfian
Published: February 2020

Fe is an essential macro element that humans need to carry out their physiological processes. Although many factors that cause stunting cases in Indonesia, Fe anemia in pregnant women, breastfeeding women and infants under two years is believed to be one of the causes of stunting. This study will determine the content of Fe in 73 types of local food from Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi Province. The information can be useful in preventing stunting, especially stunting caused by iron deficiency. The Fe element is determined using a neutron activation analysis technique that utilizes the G.A. Siwabessy Multipurpose Reactor. The sample irradiation was carried out at a rabbit system that has a thermal neutron flux of about 3.1013 n.cm−2.sec−1. Data acquisition of gamma-ray emitted from target irradiated was performed using gamma-ray spectrometry coupled to the high-resolution detector. Fe concentration in foodstuffs was calculated using the NAA-comparative method. The results showed that green vegetables such as kangkung (Ipomoea Aquatica Forsk), bayam (amaranthus spp), kemangi (ocimum citriodorum), daun pakis (diplazium esculentum), daun katuk (sauropus androgynous), daun seledri (Apium graveolens), daun singkong (cassava leaves), cesim (brassica rapa) and buncis (phaseolus vulgaris) have an elemental content of Fe > 100 mg/kg. Kangkung, bayam, and kemangi are green vegetables that are rich in the element Fe, the concentration of Fe in the vegetables more than 280 mg/kg. Concentrations of Fe minerals in vegetables are higher compared to Fe minerals in beef or other protein sources. The green vegetables are suitable foodstuff to overcome Fe anemia in pregnant women, breastfeeding women and infants under two years.
Design of reflector TRIGA mark II Bandung waste container shielding using micro shield 7.02.
Authors: Irsyad  , Purnomo Sigit , Oetami Rini Heroe
Published: February 2020

Reflector TRIGA Mark II Bandung waste container shielding using Microshield 7.02 has been conducted. In 1996, TRIGA Mark II power was upgraded from 1MWt into 2MWt, and the reflector was one part of the reactor core that was changed. Reflector waste consists of graphite with activated Co-60. In 2015 the activity was 0.557 Ci with 1,221.5 Kg weight. This large radioactive waste needs to be removed from Bandung Nuclear Area into PTLR-Serpong Nuclear Area. This removal process needs calculations and the basic design of the waste container. Pure lead material is planned to be used for attaining requirements standards of radioactive container category base on Transport Index score. In addition, MicroShield 7.02 is a software that is used for helping to analyze shield thickness and could count exposure rate out of the waste container. This software was also used in this research to calculate the lead thickness and demonstrate the radioactivity in several points. The result of simulation with this software is; lead thickness for the container is 3 cm; the container category is III-Yellow with; Transport Index score is 189 or bigger than 10. With tubular shape with 3 cm thickness it will use 1,945.13 kg pure lead. Then, the dose rate on the surface of the container is 128.6 mSv/hr.
Growth of TiN thin film on Al 5083 deposited using dc sputtering technique for improving their hardness and corrosion resistance
Authors: Ananda Gifari M , W Andriyanti , Haerul Ahmadi , M Rasyidi Ichsan
Published: February 2020

Aluminium 5083 is an Al-Mg alloy commonly used in ship hull construction. Although it has good corrosion resistance, this aluminium alloy is susceptible to corrosion in extreme environments for a long time. This research aims is to improve the ability of aluminium 5083 deposited by TiN to increase hardness and corrosion resistance using dc sputtering process. This research was carried out with several processes, namely the study of literature, preparation of tools and materials, manufacturing of test objects, coating process, characterization, data analysis, and report making. Hardness testing was done by Vickers method, corrosion testing was carried out by electrochemical method, and crystal structure test using diffraction X-ray. The results of this study were sputtering time 120 minutes increasing hardness 81.6% or becoming 94.7 VHN. The best corrosion rate at 90 minutes sputtering time is 0.0001 mpy. The formation of the TiN phase in the direction of 111, 200, and 202 planes respectively, was shown through peaks at 2-theta at 36.68°, 42.72° and 61.98°.
Labeled of Irradiated Chitosan with IODIUM-131 Radioisotope
Authors: Widyasari Eva Maria , Sriyani Maula Eka , Sugiharti Rizky Juwita , Daruwati Isti , Abbas Basril , Pangerteni Dewi Sekar , Darwis Darmawan
Published: February 2020

Chitosan is a polysaccharide from the deacetylation process of chitin, a compound derived from crustacean animal exoskeletons. Chitosan has benefits in various fields, one of them is in health field. Chitosan is known to be able to bind with fat so that it can reduce cholesterol levels in the blood, besides chitosan also has activities as an antibacterial and anticancer. Irradiated chitosan is carried out to degrade chitosan to smaller molecular weight and is easily absorbed to the body. As a new drug, many stages of testing are carried out to determine the mechanism and effectiveness of chitosan compound specifically as an anticancer compound. One of the required data is preclinical study data using animal model. Nuclear techniques offers the results of preclinical study that can identify quickly and accurately the distribution of a drug in the body with the radiotracer principle. Therefore it is necessary to make T-chitosan labeled compounds irradiation (131I-chitosan-75kGy) and compared with 131I-chitosan labeled compounds non-radiation (131I-chitosan) as controls. In this study, the optimum formulation of chitosan and chitosan-75kGy with radioisotope iodine-131 with radiochemical purity > 90% was obtained. Chitosan can be labeled by iodine-131 with the formulation of 150 μL (0.5%) chitosan, 20 μl (5 mg / mL) chloramine T, 20 μl (10 mg / mL) sodium metabisulphite, 10 μL Nal3I and 5 minutes incubation time at room temperature. While the optimum formulation of chitosan-75kGy labeled is 100 μL (0.5%) chitosan-75kGy, 10 μl (5 mg / mL) chloramine T, 10 μl (10 mg / mL) sodium metabisulphite, 10 μL Na131I with 1 minute incubation time at room temperature. Radiochemical purity testing was carried out using ascending paper chromatography method with whatman 1 paper as a stationary phase. To separate impurities in the form of I2, chloroform is used as the mobile phase, whereas methanol 90% is used to separate impurities in the form of I−. With this successful in producing labeled chitosan, it is expected that the effectiveness of irradiated chitosan as anticancer compounds can be identified.
Steady-state Thermal-hydraulic Analysis of the TRIGA 2000 Reactor Core when Using Configuration of 105 Fuels
Authors: Nazar Reinaldy , Pane Jupiter Sitorus
Published: February 2020

The continuity of the TRIGA 2000 reactor operation is determined by the fuel temperature and the primary cooling water temperature. Currently operating the TRIGA 2000 reactor using 105 fuel configurations it is difficult to reach 1000 kW of power, because the fuel temperature and primary coolant temperature in the core are high. It causes boiling and bubble formation in the reactor core, thus reducing neutron moderation in the core. The results of neutronic calculations on the configuration of 105 fuels in the core at this time, it is known that heat generation is focused into the center of the core, and some fuels have large power fluxes, so that some of these fuels produce high cladding surface temperatures as well and cause boiling. In this research, thermal hydraulic analysis has been carried out using the CFD program package for the configuration of 105 fuels in the core. Based on the results of research on the reactor operated at 500 kW power, the hottest channel is at B5 fuel with the power it generates of 9.43 kW, the maximum surface temperature of the fuel cladding is 126.41 °C, and the temperature of coolant wets 119.92 °C. This temperature has exceeded the saturation temperature of the reactor cooling water 112.4 °C, so that sub-cooled boiling is possible. This situation is in accordance with the conditions that occur in the operation of the TRIGA 2000 reactor, where at 500 kW power has begun to observe bubbles coming out of the reactor core. One effort that can be done to reduce the temperature of the TRIGA 2000 reactor core is to do reshuffling and increase the amount of fuel used.
Physico-chemical characterization of the terbium-161 radioisotope through separation based on cartridge LN resin column from irradiated of enriched Gd2O3 target
Authors: Aziz A
Published: February 2020

According to WHO, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and the seventh cause of death in Indonesia. Currently, cancer sufferers are increasing every year and become a national problem in health. Terbium-161 (161Tb) is a low β−-emitter of radiolanthanide (Eβ
- an average of 0.150 MeV and t1/2
for 6.9 days) that is potential for cancer therapy as an alternative to 177Lu which has been widely used in nuclear medicine. Physico-chemical characterization of 161Tb radioisotope in the form of 161TbCl3 final product solution has been studied including radiochemical purity, radionuclide purity, clarity, acidity (pH), and its stability. Irradiation of the Gd2O3 enriched target (98.4% 160Gd isotope enrichment) was carried out at Bandung TRIGA 2000 reactor for ± 3 days. The separation of 161Tb radionuclide from the Gd/Tb matrix has been done by the extraction chromatography method using two pieces of LN (Eichrom) resin cartridge column. The radiochemical purity of the final product of 161TbCl3 radioisotope solution was determined using paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis methods. Radionuclide purity of fractions resulted from separation as well as the final products of radioisotope 161TbCl3 was determined through analysis using a γ-ray spectrometer equipped with a multichannel analyzer (MCA) and HP-Ge detector. The clarity of the solution was determined visually, while the determination of acidity (pH) was carried out using the universal pH indicator paper. In this study, the final product of 161TbCl3 solution has Physico-chemical characteristics that meet the requirements for nuclear medicine application, namely clear, has a pH of ∼ 1, radiochemical purity of 99.31 ± 0.62%, and radionuclide purity of 99.96 ± 0.03%. The stability of radionuclide purity still meets the requirements (> 99%) for 2 weeks after preparing the final product, but 161TbCl3 solution with radiochemical purity more than 95% was stable until 3 weeks at room temperature.
Analysis of coolant flow distribution to the reactor core of modified TRIGA Bandung with plate-type fuel
Authors: Wardhani V I S , Pane J S , Dibyo S
Published: February 2020

A conversion of the TRIGA reactor Bandung has been planned by replacing fuel from rod type to plate type. The fuel replacement causes the fuel arrangement or reactor core configuration should be changed as well as the cooling system. Currently, the reactor cooling system takes place by natural convection with the flow direction from the bottom to the top of the core. The replacement of plate-type fuel with a small distance between plates causes the core cooling process to decrease, therefore to make more effective the forced convection cooling system with the direction of upward flow is required. It is expected that the cooling process will increase. The ability of the cooling system depends on flow distribution in the core at the time of reactor in operating, therefore it is necessary to analyze the distribution of coolant flow and the velocity distribution of the cooling system from the top reactor pool to the reactor core to determine that the coolant flow from the inlet pipe mostly goes to the core. The purpose of this research is to analyze the distribution of coolant flow and flow velocity to the reactor core. The analysis was carried out in a simulation using computational fluid dynamics FLUENT software by creating reactor core modeling. The result shows that the cooling water flows from above along the reactor pool, then the stored energy is reduced so that the flowing slowdown. In this case, resulting in evenly flow distribution to the reactor core.
Multiband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Study on Nanocrystalline (1-x)NiFe2O4/(x)BaTiO3 Composites
Authors: Sukirman E. , Sarwanto Y. , Ahda S. , Taryana Y. , Purwanto S.
Published: February 2020

Multiband electromagnetic wave absorption have been studied on nanocrystalline (1-x) NiFe2O4 (NFO)/(x)BaTiO3 (BTO) composites. The samples were synthesized by solid state reaction using high energy milling (HEM) instrument. The composite samples were characterized using X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) instrument. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all the samples show single phase and free from impurities. The NFO sample can be indexed to a single cubic crystal structure with a space group of Fd-3m, No. 227. While, the BTO sample can be indexed to a single tetragonal crystal structure with a space group of P4mm, No. 99. The composite samples consist of two phases, namely NFO and BTO showing soft magnetic performance. The mass magnetization is in the range of 20.0–49.0 emu/g. The electromagnetic parameters of the composites were measured by a vector network analyser in the frequency range of 2 GHz to 18 GHz. The results indicated that (1-x) NiFe2O4 / (x) BaTiO3 composites display three-band electromagnetic wave absorption. The 0.5NiFe2O4 / 0.5BaTiO3 composite displays three-band reflection loss which is larger than the other one and the three-band reflection loss are almost the same, i.e., below the -15 dB. From these experiments it can be concluded that the 0.5NiFe2O4 / 0.5BaTiO3 composite is good candidate for electro-magnetic wave absorption.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile analysis of pure ECAP-annealing Nickel samples
Authors: Prasetya Ahadi Damar , Rifai Muhammad , Mujamilah  , Miyamoto Hiroyuki
Published: February 2020

X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) profile of pure equal channel angular pressing (ECAP)-annealing nickel samples has been thoroughly investigated for studying the material structures changes that imply to the mechanical behavior. Nickel-based material can be used for several applications such as biomaterial, gear, and some part of the instrument at nuclear facilities, which require high-grade standard material properties. ECAP is one kind of severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques to obtain excellent mechanical properties without adding another element. However, the ECAP process generates metastable structures due to some mismatch structure and inhomogeneous stress within the material. This problem can usually be resolved by annealing after the ECAP process. In this article, pure Nickel was processed by ECAP at 423 K for two passes. The post-ECAP annealed will be carried out at the temperature range from 298 K until 1373 K. The microhardness test results indicate that the ECAP process increases the microhardness significantly, which remains stable after annealing until 773 K. At higher annealing temperature, the mechanical properties will drop suddenly and reach the microhardness value of pure pre-ECAP Nickel. This behavior could be explained clearly by the XRD data analysis result, which shows similar behavior structure changes. XRD data initially show peak shifting to lower 2θ value, which indicates an expansion to a higher lattice parameter, then at the higher annealing temperature, the diffraction peaks split gradually. This peak splitting could be indexed as pure pre-ECAP Ni peaks, which could be related to the drop of the microhardness value.
Somatic embryogenesis on irradiated callus of garlic (Allium Sativum L.)
Authors: Maryono Marina Yuniawati
Published: February 2020

The research was done at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of Center for Application of Isotope and Radiation Technology, Jakarta. Callus derived from shoot tip of garlic cloves was exposed to gamma rays, then cut into sized of 1 mm3 and cultured in Gamborg medium enriched with plant growth regulators (PGRs) depends on the treatment. The PGRs applied are. The experiment was arranged in a randomized factorial design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the doses of gamma rays (0, 10 and 20 Gy) and the second factor was different concentrations of PGRs (untreated, 1 and 2 ppm of thidiazuron (TDZ) and Zeatin). The result indicated that the application of 2 ppm TDZ or Zeatin promoted development on irradiated callus at the dose 10 Gy. The highest number of the shoot and the longest shoot were obtained from non-irradiated callus grown on medium enriched with 2 ppm TDZ, followed by 1 and 2 ppm Zeatin, 1 ppm TDZ and without PGRs. Irradiated callus at the dose 10 Gy grown on medium with 2 ppm TDZ was able to form a shoot, while other irradiated callusat the dose 29 Gy were not able to form the shoot.
Visualization of dose distribution inside soft X-ray machine based on OSL technology
Authors: Nagara Nanda
Published: February 2020

In this study, as a part of the development of the radiation mapping technology, we are planning to develop the gamma-ray imager based on a passive detector such as a dosimeter. For this purpose, we demonstrated the use of nanoDot OSLD as a passive detector being irradiated inside a soft x-ray machine then combined the irradiation position (qualitatively) with radiation dose (quantitatively) for visualization purpose. The experimental results showed that the NanoDots exhibit good linearity and reproducibility when subjected to soft X-rays machine, Hence, the nanoDots showed a promising potential for visualization of dose distribution.
Characterization ionic species fine particulate samples in Indonesia by ion chromatography
Authors: Kusmartini Indah , Adventini Natalia , Kurniawati Syukria , Lestiani Diah Dwiana , Damastuti Endah , Sari Dyah Kumala
Published: February 2020

Particulate is one indicator of air pollutants derivative from a complex mixture of large and small particles that are decomposed. Particulate diameter at 2.5 to 100 mm consists of dust originating from agriculture, building construction, and vehicles. Particulates with a diameter of less than 2.5 mm are generally made from fossil fuels and vehicle exhaust containing various specific chemicals or ions. In this activity, characterization of chemical content and specific ions in fine particulates was carried out in fine air particulate samples by ion chromatography. Sampling was carried out in several regions in Indonesia such as Pekanbaru, PalangkaRaya, Manado, Ambon, Jayapura, Denpasar, and Surabaya. The validation methods using reference materials. On the other hand, verification of measurements is carried out regularly with ED-XRF therefore accurate and precise quality can be obtained. The results of this activity obtained several cations and anions such as Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+, SO4
2-, NO3
−, F−, and Cl−. The results obtained from this activity are expected to be used as basic data and scientific-based references for regional/national in formulating, taking appropriate and directed actions and policies to solve the problem of air pollution.
River water classification pattern in Malang city based on electronic tongue for identification of environmental pollution
Authors: Tazi Imam , Margareta Silvi Nadya , Setyandita Wanda Yulia , Muttamaqin Hermawan , Kulliyana Shilfi Khoirotin , Muhaimin Aep , Muthmainnah
Published: February 2020

The e-tongue in this study was developed in 16 lipid membrane-based sensor channels. Each membrane lipid arrange by different polymer membranes. Membranes are made by combining polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a matrix. Four different types of plasticizers (2-NPOE, bis (2-Ethylhexyl) Pthalate, bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phosphate, bis (1-butyl pentyl) adipate). Four types of lipids (octadecylamine, oleyl alcohol, methyltrioctylammonium chloride, and oleic acid) for active ingredients. This electronic tongue is used to classify river water pollution in Malang City from various sources. The data obtained were analysed using the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) method. Based on the PCA score plot shows the value of PC1 = 49.18%, and PC2 = 20.09%. Based on the loading plot shows the sensors that have the greatest contribution in classifying river water pollution are sensor 5, sensor 6. The PCA pattern shows that the river in front of UIN Malang, the river around Sumbersari and the river around Landungsari have a very close pattern. The data obtained show that the source of pollution of the three rivers is almost the same. The river around Soekarno Hatta and the river around Merjosari have a different pattern from the other three rivers. It can be concluded that using the PCA method can distinguish the classification of river water in different places.
Description of The Number Theory Course Problem Solving Abilities Basen on Personality Type of The Math Student at Universitas Darussalam Ambon
Authors: Kasriana  , Ode R
Published: February 2020

This research is a qualitative research, which aims to describe students in solving problems based on each personality type. The results showed that: (1) understand the problems the guardian wrote qualified enough and need; (2) was making plans the subject could detect information to complete about; (3) in implementing the plan doing it in accordance with the subject but incorrect. (1) understand the problems the subject of idealist only record that asked; (2) was making plans the subject could detect formula; (3) carry out a plan the subject of using formulas were formerly, although one measure. (1) understand the problems the subject of type artisan wrote very clearly all information is; (2) was making plans the subject of determining. formula(3) implement plan, problem solving able to solve. (1) understand the problems the subject type rational not have inscribed requirements enough and the requirements necessary; (2) was making plans subject to determine the steps the; (3) implement plan, problem solving skilled in algorithms and accuracy.
Utilization of Pectin Isolated from Orange Kisar (Citrus sp) peel as Phenol Adsorbent
Authors: Tanasale M F J D P , Latupeirissa J , Fransina E G , Batawi C Y
Published: February 2020

Pectin isolated from orange kisar (Citrus sp) peel has been used as phenol adsorbent. The ability of the pectin as phenol adsorbent was examined at several contact times, pHs, and phenol concentrations. Determination of phenol adsorption was carried out by UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. The optimum conditions of phenol adsorption by the pectin were obtained at the contact time of 20 minutes, pH 3.0, and phenol concentration of 25 ppm. Phenol adsorption by the pectin follows the nonlinear model of the Freundlich adsorption isotherm with the correlation coefficient (r2), Freundlich’s constant (KF), and indicator of concentration dependence (n) were 99.51%, 0.6439 (mg/g) (L/mg)(1/n), and 1.620, rescpectively.
Properties Activity of Yeast Against Seaweed Bioethanol Fermentation Time and Its Functional Group
Authors: Loupatty V D , Radiena M S Y
Published: February 2020

The activity of yeast in relationship with fermentation time of seaweed bioethanol and functional groups formed. The bioethanol fermentation process begins with the liquification process which is the cooking stage with the addition of water as much as 50 times the weight of seaweed, cooked until it boils. Saccharification is the step of adding bean sprouts to seaweed filtrate at a temperature ± 90°C. For the breakdown of polysaccharides into glucose. Fermentation, carried out at a temperature ± 30°C, by adding about 0.02% yeast. Furthermore, anaerobic fermented for second days; thirth days; fourth days; fifth days and sixth days. The bioethanol obtained were then analyzed with spectroscopic IR. The results showed that the functional group formed was –OH in absorption 3600 – 3200 cm−1. Reinforced of absorption C – O, 1200 – 1000 cm−1, shows the presence of the alcohol compound, consist of tertiary alcohol and secondary alcohol. Primary alcohol, only appears on 2nd day and 4th day. Thus it can be said that the activity of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) can break the primary alcohol bond on 3rd day and up.
Epidermal Growth Factor as Trigger Mitotic Cleavage in Goat Cumulus Cell
Authors: Baszary Ch D U , Moniharapon M
Published: February 2020

The success of oocyte maturation is strongly influenced by the rate of expansion of cumulus cells. Cumulus cell expansion is inseparable from cell multiplication through mitotic division which is triggered by several factors, one of which is the growth factor, namely Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). An increase in the number of cells undergoing mitosis can be used as an indicator of the quality of cumulus cell expansion. The treatments in this study were EGF concentrations of 0 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, and 200 ng/ml. Observation method with BrdU-PI (Bromodeoxyuridine-Propidium iodide) Flowcytometry. The results showed that the cells that experienced the most mitosis were EGF 200 ng/ml treatments with the amount of 25.79%.
Antimalarial Effect of Lemburung Meit (Clerondrum Inerme Linn) Stew on Malarial Infections at Piru Health Center, West Seram District, Maluku
Authors: Nindatu M , Titaley C R , Taihuttu Y , Kaihena M
Published: February 2020

Antimalarial effect assay from Lemburung meitt (Cloredendrum inerme) has been done. Plant have been used as a source of medicine it is commonly known as “lamburung meit” and All parts of the plants is used traditionally as malarial disease. This research was aimed to evaluate the toxicity and antimalarial activity of lamburung meit (Clerodendrum inerme) stew water. It was quasi experiment with clinical observation desain and 30 patients using exclusion and inclusion criteria. The result showed that lamburung meit (Clerodendrum inerme Linn) stew water can reduce the density of malaria parasite from day 3 SGOT, SGPT, ureum and creatinine levels do not change after the used of material test. The findings indicated that lamburung meit (Clerodendrum inerme Linn) stew water exhibited potent antimalarial activities and does not cause toxicity effects on the liver and kidneys. Therefore, the compounds are potentially developed into novel antimalarial drugs.
Back Calculation of Slope Stability in Batu Gadjah, Ambon City Using
the Solution of Analytical and Finite Element Method
Authors: Souisa M , Sapulete S M , Tuarissa J C
Published: February 2020

At the time of entering the rainy season from year to year in the Maluku region,
especially the Ambon Island area experienced an increase in landslides due to
rainfall, human activities such as excavation under the slopes, loss of
vegetation, changes in land use and so on. The disaster that occurred on RT.03 /
RW.01 Batu Gadjah Village, Sirimau Subdistrict, Ambon City, on June 1, 2018,
ago, still leaves a trace of damage that until now. In this study, the
researcher will analyze the slope (deformation that occurs) in the 2D model
using Finite Element Method (FEM), by reviewing the weathering conditions of the
rocks that are read from the results of the drill data in the form of soil
properties and variations in rising groundwater levels. The results of
calculations using FEM on dry slope conditions obtained the value of safety
factor (FS) 1.10 and the analytical of FS value 1.18. This FS value indicates
that the study area is still prone to landslides. Then the calculation with FEM
on the wet slope conditions by rainwater obtained an FS value of 0.90, and
analytically the FS value of 0.99. This FS value indicates that the research
area has experienced a landslide.
Multifunctional Nanowires and Hierarchical 3D Nanostructures of Material Composites for Energy Storage
Authors: Vidyadharan B , Pal B , Misnon I I , Elim H I , Jose R
Published: February 2020

Composites of functional materials have long been synthesized for achieving enhanced physical and chemical properties. In this era of energy intensive electronics and electric vehicles, energy storage devices utilising composite materials could offer improved performance at a lower cost. Furthermore, if the composite materials are synthesized in one-dimensional morphology at a nano level, conductivity and thus electrical properties could be multiplied. A range of materials with different functionalities have been synthesized by our group recently; as a typical example synthesis of a composite nanowire containing NiO and CuO for supercapacitive energy storage is detailed in this paper and compared the performance of the composite wires with its component binary wires. The materials were synthesized by electrospinning technique and characterized for their structure, microstructure, surface properties and electrochemical properties. The results shows that a composite wire containing materials for similar electrical conductivity would lead to improved charge storage performance than their single component counterparts.
A Novel Hybrid GSTARX-RNN Model for Forecasting Space-Time Data with Calendar Variation Effect
Authors: Suhartono  , Hikmawati F , Setyowati E , Salehah N A , Choiruddin A
Published: February 2020

Recent development in space-time data forecasting includes a hybrid model. In this study, we propose a hybrid spatio-temporal model by combining Generalized Space-Time Autoregressive with exogenous variable and Recurrent Neural Network (GSTARX-RNN) for space-time data forecasting with calendar variation effect. The GSTARX model as a linear model is used to modeling space-time data with exogenous variables while the RNN model as nonlinear model is used to modeling the nonlinear patterns of the data. In particular, we employ two variants of RNNs, i.e. Elman RNN and Jordan RNN. We apply our methods on the simulation study. The results show that the proposed methods yielded more accurate forecast especially in the simulated data containing nonlinear patterns. Moreover, the GSTARX-Elman RNN as a more complex model tends to give more accurate forecast than the GSTARX-Jordan RNN.
Model categories from resolution dimensions
Authors: Yu Xuan
Published: February 2020

We discuss model category structures on abelian categories arising from resolution dimensions. In particular, suppose the subcategory of projective objects is an injective cogenerator of

X

\mathcal {X}

, where

X

\mathcal {X}

is a resolving subcategory contained in the subcategory of Gorenstein projective objects. We can conclude that

X

\mathcal {X}

is Frobenius and the stable category is given by the homotopy category of a corresponding model structure.
V-SVA: an R Shiny application for detecting and annotating hidden sources of variation in single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Lawlor Nathan , Marquez Eladio J , Lee Donghyung , Ucar Duygu
Published: February 2020

Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology enables studying gene expression programs from individual cells. However, these data are subject to diverse sources of variation, including ‘unwanted’ variation that needs to be removed in downstream analyses (e.g. batch effects) and ‘wanted’ or biological sources of variation (e.g. variation associated with a cell type) that needs to be precisely described. Surrogate variable analysis (SVA)-based algorithms, are commonly used for batch correction and more recently for studying ‘wanted’ variation in scRNA-seq data. However, interpreting whether these variables are biologically meaningful or stemming from technical reasons remains a challenge. To facilitate the interpretation of surrogate variables detected by algorithms including IA-SVA, SVA or ZINB-WaVE, we developed an R Shiny application [Visual Surrogate Variable Analysis (V-SVA)] that provides a web-browser interface for the identification and annotation of hidden sources of variation in scRNA-seq data. This interactive framework includes tools for discovery of genes associated with detected sources of variation, gene annotation using publicly available databases and gene sets, and data visualization using dimension reduction methods.

Availability and implementation

The V-SVA Shiny application is publicly hosted at https://vsva.jax.org/ and the source code is freely available at https://github.com/nlawlor/V-SVA.

Contact

leed13@miamioh.edu or duygu.ucar@jax.org

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Visual contrast sensitivity is associated with the presence of cerebral amyloid and tau deposition
Authors: Risacher Shannon L , WuDunn Darrell , Tallman Eileen F , West John D , Gao Sujuan , Farlow Martin R , Brosch Jared R , Apostolova Liana G , Saykin Andrew J
Published: February 2020

Visual deficits are common in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. We sought to determine the association between visual contrast sensitivity and neuroimaging measures of Alzheimer’s disease-related pathophysiology, including cerebral amyloid and tau deposition and neurodegeneration. A total of 74 participants (7 Alzheimer’s disease, 16 mild cognitive impairment, 20 subjective cognitive decline, 31 cognitively normal older adults) underwent the frequency doubling technology 24-2 examination, a structural MRI scan and amyloid PET imaging for the assessment of visual contrast sensitivity. Of these participants, 46 participants (2 Alzheimer’s disease, 9 mild cognitive impairment, 12 subjective cognitive decline, 23 cognitively normal older adults) also underwent tau PET imaging with [18F]flortaucipir. The relationships between visual contrast sensitivity and cerebral amyloid and tau, as well as neurodegeneration, were assessed using partial Pearson correlations, covaried for age, sex and race and ethnicity. Voxel-wise associations were also evaluated for amyloid and tau. The ability of visual contrast sensitivity to predict amyloid and tau positivity were assessed using forward conditional logistic regression and receiver operating curve analysis. All analyses first were done in the full sample and then in the non-demented at-risk individuals (subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment) only. Significant associations between visual contrast sensitivity and regional amyloid and tau deposition were observed across the full sample and within subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment only. Voxel-wise analysis demonstrated strong associations of visual contrast sensitivity with amyloid and tau, primarily in temporal, parietal and occipital brain regions. Finally, visual contrast sensitivity accurately predicted amyloid and tau positivity. Alterations in visual contrast sensitivity were related to cerebral deposition of amyloid and tau, suggesting that this measure may be a good biomarker for detecting Alzheimer’s disease-related pathophysiology. Future studies in larger patient samples are needed, but these findings support the power of these measures of visual contrast sensitivity as a potential novel, inexpensive and easy-to-administer biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease-related pathology in older adults at risk for cognitive decline.
The Origins of Anterograde Interference in Visuomotor Adaptation
Authors: Lerner Gonzalo , Albert Scott , Caffaro Pedro A , Villalta Jorge I , Jacobacci Florencia , Shadmehr Reza , Della-Maggiore Valeria
Published: February 2020

Anterograde interference refers to the negative impact of prior learning on the propensity for future learning. There is currently no consensus on whether this phenomenon is transient or long lasting, with studies pointing to an effect in the time scale of hours to days. These inconsistencies might be caused by the method employed to quantify performance, which often confounds changes in learning rate and retention. Here, we aimed to unveil the time course of anterograde interference by tracking its impact on visuomotor adaptation at different intervals throughout a 24-h period. Our empirical and model-based approaches allowed us to measure the capacity for new learning separately from the influence of a previous memory. In agreement with previous reports, we found that prior learning persistently impaired the initial level of performance upon revisiting the task. However, despite this strong initial bias, learning capacity was impaired only when conflicting information was learned up to 1 h apart, recovering thereafter with passage of time. These findings suggest that when adapting to conflicting perturbations, impairments in performance are driven by two distinct mechanisms: a long-lasting bias that acts as a prior and hinders initial performance and a short-lasting anterograde interference that originates from a reduction in error sensitivity.