bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Home-Based Kettlebell Exercise and Coronavirus Outbreak: Practical Suggestions
Authors: Zimerer Carla , Pereira Alves Sabrina , Rufo-Tavares Weverton , Carletti Luciana , Andre Barbosa de Lira Claudio , Andrade Marília S. , Viana Ricardo B. , Gentil Paulo , Vancini Rodrigo L.
Published: January 2021

The coronavirus pandemic and the adopted social isolation to contain the virus spread led to several negative consequences including the decrease in the population's physical activity levels and increased physical inactivity and sedentary behavior. Home-based physical exercise assumes fundamental importance to maintain physical activity and fitness levels. Among the various exercise possibilities of home-based exercise, the kettlebell exercise can be a useful and low-cost tool. The kettlebell is a round-shaped steel or cast-iron weight, commonly described as resembling a cannonball with a handle whose dimensions increase with weight that varies from 2 to 92 kg. Kettlebell exercise offers an opportunity to train multiple muscles through functional exercises that could be performed at home to improve and maintain health-related physical fitness (e.g., cardiorespiratory capacity, muscle strength, and body composition) and mental health. In addition, kettlebell exercise (with a progressive increase in training overload) could be an alternative of home-based exercise program for the general population during pandemic outbreaks.
Apparatus for Coupled Effects of Suction, Temperature, and Stress on Thermal Conductivity of Unsaturated Sand
Authors: Yao Jun , Özocak Aşkın , Wang Tengfei , Likos William J. , Edil Tuncer B.
Published: January 2021

A suction-controlled thermo-mechanical apparatus was developed to measure thermal conductivity of unsaturated sand at different temperatures (5°C to 75°C) and isotropic net normal stresses (35 to 400 kPa). Coupled effects of temperature and stress level on thermal conductivity of unsaturated sand are investigated. Increases in confining stress cause an increase in thermal conductivity of the sand and are hysteretic with loading direction. Thermal conductivity increases appreciably as stress and temperature increase at intermediate degrees of saturation (S ∼ 0.3 to 0.75). Maximum thermal conductivity occurs at 75.5°C and 400 kPa when S = 0.54 where the value of thermal conductivity is about twice that at 5°C and 35 kPa. The results indicate that the apparatus has the capability to effectively measure thermal response of near-surface sand under ranges of naturally occurring changes in temperature, stress, and moisture content.
Studies on the Spatial Location Method of Corrosion Defect in Bridge Cable Considering Self-Magnetic Flux Leakage Effect
Authors: Xia Runchuan , Zhang Hong , Zhou Jianting , Liao Leng , Di Haibo , Zhang Zeyu
Published: January 2021

To detect the hidden defects of ferromagnetic components, it is crucial to first locate the position of defects. In this paper, the three-dimensional magnetic dipole model of a solid columnar structure with a sector cube defect was built to theoretically explain the self-magnetic flux leakage effect of the bridge-stayed cable. The uniform or linear distribution of charge density on specific defect planes was considered in the model. Then, an experimental study on the defective steel strand cable specimens under different corrosion degrees was carried out. The results show that the corrosion accelerates the variation of magnetic signal Bz near the corrosion region, and the phenomenon is consistent with the theoretical model. Moreover, the relationship between the normalized signal Bznor and the corrosion factor αφ reveals the influence of the corrosion defect on the magnetic signal intensity in different detection positions, demonstrating the three-order polynomial growth trend. Combined with the axial and the circumferential scanning, the spatial location method of the corrosion defect was proposed for the detection of the bridge-stayed cable.
Arginine Vasopressin-Containing Neurons of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Project to CSF
Authors: Taub Alana , Carbajal Yvette , Rimu Kania , Holt Rebecca , Yao Yifan , Hernandez Amanda L. , LeSauter Joseph , Silver Rae
Published: January 2021

While it is well established that there are robust circadian rhythms of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the route whereby the peptide reaches the CSF is not clear.A, AVP neurons constitute the largest fraction of the SCN neuronal population. Here, we show that processes of AVP-expressing SCN neurons cross the epithelium of the 3rd ventricular wall to reach the CSF (black arrows). Additionally, we report rostro-caudal differences in AVP neuron size and demonstrate that the localization of cells expressing the clock protein PER2 extend beyond the AVP population, thereby indicating that the size of this nucleus is somewhat larger than previously understood.B, Following lateral ventricle (LV) injection of cholera toxin β subunit (CTβ ; magenta) the retrograde tracer is seen in AVP neurons of the SCN, supporting the anatomical evidence that AVP neuronal processes directly contact the CSF.

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) expressing neurons form the major population in the brain’s circadian clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). They participate in inter-neuronal coupling and provide an output signal for synchronizing daily rhythms. AVP is present at high concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and fluctuates on a circadian timescale. While it is assumed that rhythms in CSF AVP are of SCN origin, a route of communication between these compartments has not been delineated. Using immunochemistry (ICC) and cell filling techniques, we determine the morphology and location of AVP neurons in mouse and delineate their axonal and dendritic processes. Cholera toxin β subunit (CTβ) tracer injected into the lateral ventricle tests whether AVP neurons communicate with CSF. Most importantly, the results indicate that AVP neurons lie in close proximity to the third ventricle, and their processes cross the ventricular wall into the CSF. We also report that contrary to widely held assumptions, AVP neurons do not fully delineate the SCN borders as PER2 expression extends beyond the AVP region. Also, AVP neurons form a rostral prong originating in the SCN medial-most and ventral-most aspect. AVP is lacking in the mid-dorsal shell but does occur at the base of the SCN just above the optic tract. Finally, neurons of the rostral SCN are smaller than those lying caudally. These findings extend our understanding of AVP signaling potential, demonstrate the heterogeneity of AVP neurons, and highlight limits in using this peptide to delineate the mouse SCN.
Heparanome-Mediated Rescue of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Quiescence following Inflammatory Demyelination
Authors: Saraswat Darpan , Welliver R. Ross , Ravichandar Roopa , Tripathi Ajai , Polanco Jessie J. , Broome Jacqueline , Hurley Edward , Dutta Ranjan , Feltri M. Laura , Sim Fraser J.
Published: January 2021

The proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ, which is chronically elevated in multiple sclerosis, induces pathologic quiescence in human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) via upregulation of the transcription factor PRRX1. In this study using animals of both sexes, we investigated the role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the modulation of IFN-γ signaling following demyelination. We found that IFN-γ profoundly impaired OPC proliferation and recruitment following adult spinal cord demyelination. IFN-γ-induced quiescence was mediated by direct signaling in OPCs as conditional genetic ablation ofIFNγR1(Ifngr1) in adult NG2+OPCs completely abrogated these inhibitory effects. Intriguingly, OPC-specific IFN-γ signaling contributed to failed oligodendrocyte differentiation, which was associated with hyperactive Wnt/Bmp target gene expression in OPCs. We found that PI-88, a heparan sulfate mimetic, directly antagonized IFN-γ to rescue human OPC proliferation and differentiationin vitroand blocked the IFN-γ-mediated inhibitory effects on OPC recruitmentin vivo. Importantly, heparanase modulation by PI-88 or OGT2155 in demyelinated lesions rescued IFN-γ-mediated axonal damage and demyelination. In addition to OPC-specific effects, IFN-γ-augmented lesions were characterized by increased size, reactive astrogliosis, and proinflammatory microglial/macrophage activation along with exacerbated axonal injury and cell death. Heparanase inhibitor treatment rescued many of the negative IFN-γ-induced sequelae suggesting a profound modulation of the lesion environment. Together, these results suggest that the modulation of the heparanome represents a rational approach to mitigate the negative effects of proinflammatory signaling and rescuing pathologic quiescence in the inflamed and demyelinated human brain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe failure of remyelination in multiple sclerosis contributes to neurologic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. The activation and proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) is a necessary step in the recruitment phase of remyelination. Here, we show that the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ directly acts on OPCs to induce pathologic quiescence and thereby limit recruitment following demyelination. Heparan sulfate is a highly structured sulfated carbohydrate polymer that is present on the cell surface and regulates several aspects of the signaling microenvironment. We find that pathologic interferon-γ can be blocked by modulation of the heparanome following demyelination using either a heparan mimetic or by treatment with heparanase inhibitor. These studies establish the potential for modulation of heparanome as a regenerative approach in demyelinating disease.
Bidirectional Regulation of Cognitive and Anxiety-like Behaviors by Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cells in Male and Female Mice
Authors: Botterill Justin J. , Vinod K. Yaragudri , Gerencer Kathleen J. , Teixeira Cátia M. , LaFrancois John J. , Scharfman Helen E.
Published: January 2021

The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is important for cognition and behavior. However, the circuits underlying these functions are unclear. DG mossy cells (MCs) are potentially important because of their excitatory synapses on the primary cell type, granule cells (GCs). However, MCs also activate GABAergic neurons, which inhibit GCs. We used viral delivery of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) in mice to implement a gain- and loss-of-function study of MCs in diverse behaviors. Using this approach, manipulations of MCs could bidirectionally regulate behavior. The results suggest that inhibiting MCs can reduce anxiety-like behavior and improve cognitive performance. However, not all cognitive or anxiety-related behaviors were influenced, suggesting specific roles of MCs in some, but not all, types of cognition and anxiety. Notably, several behaviors showed sex-specific effects, with females often showing more pronounced effects than the males. We also used the immediate early gene c-Fos to address whether DREADDs bidirectionally regulated MC or GC activity. We confirmed excitatory DREADDs increased MC c-Fos. However, there was no change in GC c-Fos, consistent with MC activation leading to GABAergic inhibition of GCs. In contrast, inhibitory DREADDs led to a large increase in GC c-Fos, consistent with a reduction in MC excitation of GABAergic neurons, and reduced inhibition of GCs. Together, these results suggest that MCs regulate anxiety and cognition in specific ways. We also raise the possibility that cognitive performance may be improved by reducing anxiety.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe dentate gyrus (DG) has many important cognitive roles as well as being associated with affective behavior. This study addressed how a glutamatergic DG cell type called mossy cells (MCs) contributes to diverse behaviors, which is timely because it is known that MCs regulate the activity of the primary DG cell type, granule cells (GCs), but how MC activity influences behavior is unclear. We show, surprisingly, that activating MCs can lead to adverse behavioral outcomes, and inhibiting MCs have an opposite effect. Importantly, the results appeared to be task-dependent and showed that testing both sexes was important. Additional experiments indicated what MC and GC circuitry was involved. Together, the results suggest how MCs influence behaviors that involve the DG.
PSD-95 in CA1 Area Regulates Spatial Choice Depending on Age
Authors: Cały Anna , Śliwińska Małgorzata A. , Ziółkowska Magdalena , Łukasiewicz Kacper , Pagano Roberto , Dzik Jakub M. , Kalita Katarzyna , Bernaś Tytus , Stewart Michael G. , Giese K. Peter , Radwanska Kasia
Published: January 2021

Cognitive processes that require spatial information rely on synaptic plasticity in the dorsal CA1 area (dCA1) of the hippocampus. Since the function of the hippocampus is impaired in aged individuals, it remains unknown how aged animals make spatial choices. Here, we used IntelliCage to study behavioral processes that support spatial choices of aged female mice living in a group. As a proxy of training-induced synaptic plasticity, we analyzed the morphology of dendritic spines and the expression of a synaptic scaffold protein, PSD-95. We observed that spatial choice training in young adult mice induced correlated shrinkage of dendritic spines and downregulation of PSD-95 in dCA1. Moreover, long-term depletion of PSD-95 by shRNA in dCA1 limited correct choices to a reward corner, while reward preference was intact. In contrast, old mice used behavioral strategies characterized by an increased tendency for perseverative visits and social interactions. This strategy resulted in a robust preference for the reward corner during the spatial choice task. Moreover, training decreased the correlation between PSD-95 expression and the size of dendritic spines. Furthermore, PSD-95 depletion did not impair place choice or reward preference in old mice. Thus, our data indicate that while young mice require PSD-95-dependent synaptic plasticity in dCA1 to make correct spatial choices, old animals observe cage mates and stick to a preferred corner to seek the reward. This strategy is resistant to the depletion of PSD-95 in the CA1 area. Overall, our study demonstrates that aged mice combine alternative behavioral and molecular strategies to approach and consume rewards in a complex environment.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt remains poorly understood how aging affects behavioral and molecular processes that support cognitive functions. It is, however, essential to understand these processes to develop therapeutic interventions that support successful cognitive aging. Our data indicate that while young mice require PSD-95-dependent synaptic plasticity in dCA1 to make correct spatial choices (i.e., choices that require spatial information), old animals observe cage mates and stick to a preferred corner to seek the reward. This strategy is resistant to the depletion of PSD-95 in the CA1 area. Overall, our study demonstrates that aged mice combine alternative behavioral and molecular strategies to approach and consume rewards in a complex environment. Second, the contribution of PSD-95-dependent synaptic functions in spatial choice changes with age.
Structural basis of transport and inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum transporter PfFNT
Authors: Lyu Meinan , Su Chih‐Chia , Kazura James W , Yu Edward W
Published: January 2021

The intra‐erythrocyte stage of P. falciparum relies primarily on glycolysis to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the energy required to support growth and reproduction. Lactic acid, a metabolic byproduct of glycolysis, is potentially toxic as it lowers the pH inside the parasite. Plasmodium falciparum formate–nitrite transporter (PfFNT), a 34‐kDa transmembrane protein, has been identified as a novel drug target as it exports lactate from inside the parasite to the surrounding parasitophorous vacuole within the erythrocyte cytosol. The structure and detailed molecular mechanism of this membrane protein are not yet available. Here we present structures of PfFNT in the absence and presence of the functional inhibitor MMV007839 at resolutions of 2.56 Å and 2.78 Å using single‐particle cryo‐electron microscopy. Genetic analysis and transport assay indicate that PfFNT is able to transfer lactate across the membrane. Combined, our data suggest a stepwise displacement mechanism for substrate transport. The PfFNT membrane protein is capable of picking up lactate ions from the parasite’s cytosol, converting them to lactic acids and then exporting these acids into the extracellular space.
Organizacja i funkcjonowanie duszpasterstwa wyznania prawosławnego w Wojsku Polskim na Zachodzie w latach 1943-1945
Authors:   Instytut Historyczny Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Polska, Pyczel Joanna Gabriela
Published: January 2021

In 1943 significant change occurred in the history of the Orthodox military pastoral ministry in the Polish Armed Forces in the West. It was related to the appointment of a military Orthodox bishop. This function was taken over by the former Bishop of Grodno-Nowogrodek Sawa (Sovetov). He was considered to be the only hierarch of the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church, which remained faithful to the principles of autocephaly. His efforts to defend the independence of Polish Orthodoxy were indispensable at the time. The period during which Bishop Sawa performed the function of military Orthodox bishop in Great Britain and on the continent contributed to the development of this religion’s ministry. He rose to the tasks entrusted to him, which was appreciated by the military and political authorities. Shortly after the war, Bishop Sawa was awarded, among others, with the Gold Cross of Merit with Swords. As a military Orthodox bishop he proved himself as a zealous patriot and tireless priest who tried to provide proper spiritual care to all Polish soldiers. The purpose of the following article is to present the selection process of a military Orthodox priest in the Polish Armed Forces in the West, the circumstances in which the decision was made to appoint Bishop Sawa, his actions and the difficulties he had to overcome during his ministry.
Библейское повествование о потопе в контексте древних ближневосточных памятников
Authors:   Chrześcijańska Akademia Teologiczna w Warszawie, Polska, Цыбульский Павел
Published: January 2021

The biblical story of the flood has close affinities with other Middle Eastern literature. The story of the flood is found in the Sumerian and Akkadian literary monuments. They show considerable similarity to the biblical story of the flood, both in form and in content. However, there are also differences. The main difference is monotheism in the biblical story and polytheism in most ancient literary monuments.
Szaleństwo i wiara Elżbiety Belenson. Próba przekładu
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Instytut Filozofii, Polska, Młynarczyk Jarosław
Published: January 2021

The short text of Elisabeth Belenson can be understood as an insight into the nature of the human soul. The author describes madness as a special state of the soul and the most mysterious and dangerous way of moving towards God. It is also a grasp of the mentality and way of thinking of philosophers and writers of post-revolutionary Russian emigration, in which in a strange relationship there is Greek mythology, criticism of positivism and faith in God’s Mercy.
Presentación de Signo Distintivo Semillero de investigación SFIC
Authors: Fabián Steven Jiménez Martínez , Andrés Díaz Ferreira , Nelson Andrés Romero , Camilo Aranda Hernández , Adriana Pardo Galindo
Published: January 2021

Este documento da cuenta de la presentación del signo distintivo del semillero de investigación SFIC
Compressive strength and microstructure of modified coffee exocarp cement-based composites
Authors: Zhu Zehua , Cheng Cheng , Zhu Debin , Liu Dewen , Zhang Yafei
Published: January 2021

Portland cement-based composites were prepared with coffee exocarp (pretreated with water or NaOH) via vacuum extraction technology. An orthogonal test was adopted to analyze the influence of various factors on mechanical properties of the composite. The morphology and composition of the pretreated coffee exocarp and composites were analyzed via environmental scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The results showed that the coffee exocarp content and vacuum extraction time significantly affected the compressive strength. An addition of 10% coffee exocarp had a slight negative effect on the mechanical properties but enhanced the crack inhibition and overall toughness of the composite. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction results showed that the composite containing coffee exocarp pretreated with 4% NaOH solution had the highest density and exhibited the best properties due to mechanical interlocking between the coffee exocarp and cement. After 28 d of curing, the composites exhibited a maximum compressive strength of 15.72 MPa, a mass that was approximately 37% less than that of ordinary Portland cement samples, and a bulk density of 1.5 g/cm3 to 1.6 g/cm3. Hence, the produced biocomposites could be used for low-load pavements, providing a new type of economical building material.
Determinants of Tax Planning: Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Matusevičienė Lina , Rudžionienė Kristina
Published: January 2021

Annotation. Tax planning is a topic of interest for taxpayers, practitioners, public authorities and academics. Analyzing scientific literature on tax planning shows that some authors are looking at the tax planning process, while others are looking at the factors that determine tax planning. Although there are a number of scientific literature analysing these factors, it is noted that there is a need to systematize this literature. The purpose of the article is to identify the determinants of tax planning activities in companies and households. Methods used in the article: systematic analysis of scientific literature, systematization of information, comparison, generalization. After analyzing the scientific literature, authors provide a concept of tax planning and selected determinants that encourage and inhibit the involvement of both types of taxpayers in tax planning activities. After a theoretical analysis, it was found that corporate tax planning is influenced by the company's profitability, profit begor taxes, internationalisation, the scale of foreign operations, listing, capital receptivity and growth, development, size and leverage of the company, optimism of the company CEO, experience of his military service, lobbying, reputation and financial accounting issues. Household tax planning is influenced by taxpayers' age, income, intra-household income inequality, experience, a compendium tax system, its complexity, fines, the likelihood ofecassionisation. Religiousity is a factor that hampers the involvement of both businesses and households in tax planning activities.
 
Keywords: tax planning, determinants, tax avoidance, households, company.
JEL Code: H26
Syntactic Complexity of Learning Content in Italian for COVID-19 Frontline Responders: A Study on WHO’s Emergency Learning Platform
Authors: Samo Giuseppe , Yu Zhao Ursula , Gamhewage Gaya
Published: January 2021

The goal of this paper is to offer a model to quantify the level of complexity of the linguistic content of a corpus in Italian extracted from OpenWHO, WHO’s health emergency learning platform (Rohloff et al. 2018; Zhao et al. 2019). The nature of the computational ranking costs of a typology of relativization strategies is investigated. To reach this goal, the results of the corpus are compared with other three syntactic annotated corpora from Italian belonging to different genres (news, social media, encyclopedic entries, legal). The results show that online learning contents in public health reduce complex structures in syntactic terms. The case study presented here provides a methodology to quantify syntactic and computational complexity in corpus studies.
Substantiation of the method for the calculated evaluation of the resistance of buildings to progressing destruction due to the fire
Authors:   Cherkassy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chernobyl Heroes of NUCP of Ukraine, Shvydenko A.V. , Pozdieiev S.V. ,   Cherkassy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chernobyl Heroes of NUCP of Ukraine, Kostenko T.V. ,   Cherkassy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chernobyl Heroes of NUCP of Ukraine, Zemlianskyi O.М. ,   Cherkassy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chernobyl Heroes of NUCP of Ukraine, Sydoruk O.V. ,   Cherkassy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chernobyl Heroes of NUCP of Ukraine
Published: January 2021

During the fire safety analysis of building structures besides evaluation of their fire resistance, the limits of spreading of fire, fire hazards parameters and other fire and technical characteristics, the probability of progressive collapse of building structures due to their individual elements destroying should be considered. Considering the uniqueness, massiveness and cost of reinforced concrete and other buildings structures, their natural tests are ineffective, since they contemplate manufacturing two samples of structures in compliance with all technologies. In the conditions of progressive collapse of structures, socio-economic losses are becoming the largest scale. An assessment of the possibility of progressive collapse is possible only with the use of a computational approach. This situation necessitates a calculation to assess the progressive destruction possibility of buildings and structures, which is fixed in the building codes of many countries. The article proposes a calculation method for assessing the possibility of progressive collapse, which is based on the assumption that one or more compressed elements are damaged and must be removed from the system, which ensures its rigidity and geometric constancy. The basic principle of the method is the hypothesis of the formation of a line of plastic hinges in the floor slab, which can be explained using a Bezier curve. The assessment of the possibility of progressive collapse is carried out by determination the energy criterion on the basis of comparing works of internal and external forces on possible displacements of the system, which under such conditions is geometrically variable. The proposed method is productive and economical in comparison with existing methods that involve complex mathematical models and software packages. These methods are based on standards harmonized with the relevant methodological and regulatory framework of the united Europe, and also consistent with the research results of domestic and foreign authors, which are tested, discussed and recognized by the scientific community and are included in the main base of literary references and are cited by experts in this industry.
Soil and soil breathing remote monitoring: A short review
Authors: Nahirniak S. V. , Dontsova T. A. , Lapinsky A. V. , Tereshkov M. V. , Singh R. C.
Published: January 2021

The efficiency of agricultural use of soils depends directly on their quality indicators, which include an extended set of characteristics: from data of the environmental situation to the component composition of the soil air. Therefore, for a more complete survey of agricultural land in order to determine their qualitative indicators and subsequent application, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive monitoring while simultaneously studying the characteristics of soils and their air composition. The article is devoted to the literature analysis on the remote monitoring of soils and soil air. Particular attention was paid to the relationship between soil type and soil air composition and it was found that the soil air composition (in the combination with pH and humidity parameters) can assess the type, quality and environmental condition of soils. Since when developing a remote monitoring system of soil air soil moisture and soil structure significantly affect the processes occurring in soils, and ultimately the quantitative composition of soil air, it is very important to know the dependence of the soil air composition on the type and quality of the soil itself, the influence of moisture, structure and other parameters on it. It was shown that the use of sensors is a promising direction for the development of the soils and soil air remote monitoring. It was indicated that soil and soil air remote monitoring in real time will provide reliable, timely information on the environmental status of soils and their quality. Commercial sensors that can be used to determine CO2, O2, NOx, CH4, CO, H2 and NH3 were considered and the technique for sensor signal processing was chosen. A remote monitoring system with the use of existing commercial sensors was proposed, the movement of which can be realized with the help of quadcopter, which will allow parallel scanning of the soils and the land terrain. Such a system will make it possible to correctly assess the readiness of soils for planting, determine their intended use, correctly apply fertilizers, and even predict the yield of certain crops. Thereby, this approach will create a modern on-line system for full monitoring of soil, land and rapid response in the case of its change for the agro-industrial sector.
Asymmetric hybridization of roach Rutilus rutilus and common bream Abramis brama in controlled backcrosses: Genetic and morphological patterns
Authors: Stolbunova V. V. , Pavlova V. V. , Kodukhova Y. V.
Published: January 2021

In most cases in natural environments, hybrids of roach Rutilus rutilus L. and bream Abramis brama L. possess mitochondrial DNA of bream. Presumably, the genetic basis for unidirectional hybridization of roach and bream is the high level of divergence in the genes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase subunits I, III). Disruption of the interaction of the products of these genes leads to nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibility of alien genomes, what is shown in a decrease of viability and developmental abnormalities in hybrids. In the present work we studied the viability and morphology of hybrid underyearlings obtained by crossing of hybrid females of first generation (RA and AR) with males of roach R. rutilus and bream A. brama. The method of genotyping (ITS1 ribosomal DNA, cytochrome b mtDNA) and comparative analysis of the complex of 23 plastic and meristic characteristics of backcrossed hybrids are used. All progenies showed an increase in morphological variability compared to parental species and F1 hybrids. In progenies with introgression of mtDNA, a violation of associations between traits and the formation of transgressive phenotypes that go beyond the parental populations were found. In RAA backcrosses (combining mtDNA of R. rutilus and nuclear genome of A. brama) a decrease in viability with impaired recovery of external traits of bream was found. Conversely, ARR backcrosses (combining mtDNA of A. brama and the nuclear genome of R. rutilus) have a high viability and completely restore the morphotype of roach, which indicates the stable development of hybrids when they include alien genetic material. The differences in viability and morphology between backcrossed hybrids with the mtDNA of R. rutilus and A. brama evidence varying degrees of nuclear-cytoplasmic compatibility of the genomes of roach and bream. The complete interaction between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA from different species (wild-type-like) happens in direction of introgression mtDNA of A. brama, the less polymorphic of the two parental genomes. In the direction of introgression of highly polymorphic mtDNA of R. rutilus the formation of a reproductive barrier occurs. Our results show that the main reason for the asymmetry of hybridization of R. rutilus and A. brama is unequal rates of mitochondrial evolution and the priority of the introgression of mtDNA belongs a species with a lower rate of changes in mtDNA.
Thermodynamics of formation of solid solutions between BaZrO3 and BaPrO3
Authors: Tsvetkov Dmitry S. , Sereda Vladimir V. , Malyshkin Dmitry A. , Sednev-Lugovets Anton L. , Zuev Andrey Yu. , Ivanov Ivan L.
Published: January 2021

A linear relationship between the standard enthalpy of formation from binary oxides, ΔfHox, and the Goldschmidt tolerance factor, t, for some AIIBIVO3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba; B = Ti, Zr, Hf, Ce, Pr, Tb, U, Pu, Am) perovskite oxides was used for estimation of ΔfHox of Pr-substituted barium zirconates BaZr1–xPrxO3. A dependence of the relative change of the standard entropies, S298, on the relative change of the molar volumes in the reactions of formation of AIIBIVO3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba; B = Ti, Zr, Hf, Ce) from binary oxides was also found to be linear. Using this dependence, a relatively precise method of estimating S298 was proposed, and S298 of BaPrO3 was calculated as (162.8 ± 2.8) J·mol-1·K-1. Knowing S298 of BaPrO3 and using the literature data for S298 of BaZrO3, the values of S298 of BaZr1–xPrxO3 were predicted on the assumption that BaZr1–xPrxO3 is a regular or ideal solution of BaPrO3 in BaZrO3 as evidenced by the very small enthalpy of mixing calculated based on the estimated ΔfHox. The values of standard entropy changes, ΔfSox, and Gibbs energy changes, ΔfGox, for the reactions of formation of BaZr1–xPrxO3 from BaO, ZrO2 and PrO2 were also estimated. Substituting Pr for Zr in BaZr1–xPrxO3 results in ΔfHox and ΔfGox becoming more positive, indicating the decrease of the relative stability with respect to the corresponding binary oxides. Expanded uncertainties of the estimated values of ΔfHox and ΔfGox are equal to 14 kJ∙mol-1, and those of S298 and ΔfSox – less than 2.8 J∙mol-1·K-1 and 3.5 J∙mol-1·K-1, respectively, for BaZr1–xPrxO3 (x = 0.0–1.0).
Crystal structure of mono-β-alanine hydrochloride
Authors: Tsvetkov Dmitry S. , Mazurin Maxim O.
Published: January 2021

Crystal structure of mono-β-alaninium chloride has been studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system. The space group is Pbca, with the following lattice constants: a = 9.7414(5) Å, b = 7.4671(6) Å, c = 16.5288(11) Å, V = 1202.31(14) Å3, Z = 8. The asymmetric unit contains one β-alaninium cation (+NH3CH2CH2COOH) and one chloride anion. The structure was shown to consist of layers stacked along the c-axis and connected with each other by weak van der Waals forces. Each layer consists of two halves linked by hydrogen bonds between carbonyl and NH3+ groups and, also, between NH3+ groups and Cl- anions. Fourier transform infrared spectrum of β-alaninium chloride was recorded and analyzed. The spectroscopic results were found to support the conclusions of the structural study.
Phase complex of the system Na,Ca||SO4,CO3,HCO3-H2O at 100 ºC
Authors: Soliev L. , Jumaev M. T.
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the results of determining the possible phase equilibria in geometric images of a five-component reciprocal water-salt system of sulfates, carbonates, sodium bicarbonates and calcium at 100 ºC with subsequent construction of its phase complex diagram. The laws that determine the structure of the phase complex diagram of this system are needed to be obtained for the production of scientific data used both as a reference material and also to create the optimal conditions for the recycling of liquid waste industrial production of aluminum-containing sulfate carbonate and bicarbonate salts of sodium and calcium. It was established that the system under study at 100ºC is characterized by the presence of 31 divariant double saturation fields, 25 monovariant  trisaturation curves and 14 invariant points.
Technology for the industrial production of K3 series vitamins based on menadione
Authors: Antipov Aleksey S. , Nizov Vasily A. , Antipova Anna Yu.
Published: January 2021

An improved technology for the industrial production of K3 series vitamins based on menadion is reported. The procedure involves the Cr(VI)-promoted oxidation of the corresponding methyl-naphtahelenes with the following purification by precipitation/recrystallization. The best results were obtained under the process temperature between 20-40 °C, solution pH after dilution of MNB in a range of 5.5–5.7, and MNB content in initial solution of 25-30%.
The Dichotomy of Public/Private in the New Media Space
Authors: Drozdova Alla V.
Published: January 2021

Today we exist in a situation in which the new media environment has resulted in paradigm shift in our conception of reality, altering public spaces and communities, as well as functional modes and mechanisms of the private sphere, through the creation of new digitally-intermediated methods of communication. In a mediatised culture, the boundaries between public and private have been fundamentally transformed. Multi-screening has created a new mode of visibility for social cultures and subcultures, which, if it does not exactly abolish the boundary between private and public, at least allows us to rethink this dichotomy. Having thus established a new mode of visibility, the advent of new media has led to the sphere of private life being absorbed by the public sphere, in the process not only of facilitating discussion, but also in becoming a means by which control is exerted by the state, the market and advertising. In turn, in coming under the domination of specific private or group interests, the public sphere itself has been transformed. While, in coinciding with the interests of other groups, these interests may achieve temporary commonality, they cannot be truly public in the original universal sense. The use of multiple Internet portals in living reality creates a distinct or alternative level of virtual publicity. No longer requiring the usual physical spaces to regulate his or her inclusion in both virtual and traditional public spheres, a user of contemporary gadgets creates a remote and individually-tailored model of public interaction. This process of virtual individualisation indicates the ambivalent nature of the networked public sphere. While, on the one hand, in engaging in collective interaction and concern for common affairs, politically-active people need the presence of others, on the other, the fact of being rooted in their own experience results in the creation of burgeoning personalised and fragmented hierarchies.
Art in the Age of Globalisation: Dialogue of Cultures (Ural Opera Ballet Theatre’s Production of the Opera Tri Sestry)
Authors: Shishkin Andrey G. , Morozova Olga O.
Published: January 2021

The article explores the dialogics of art and the role of art as a tool of dialogue between cultures on the example of the Ural Opera Ballet Theatre’s recent stage production of the opera Tri Sestry (Three Sisters), which demonstrates a successful interaction between different cultural traditions.Interpreting Chekhov’s play from a late 20th century perspective, Hungarian composer Peter Eötvös presented new responses to the questions that tormented the play’s characters one hundred years ago. In his work, which blends French and German avant-garde techniques with structural elements drawn from film narrative and the Japanese Noh theatre tradition, he added a radically new dimension to Chekhov’s play. As a result, he was able to open up latent meanings the play within the great time space proposed by the Russian philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin. In turn, Christopher Alden (USA), the Artistic Director of the Ural Opera Ballet production, merged voices from different artistic traditions into a new contemporary musical image.
Cultural and Educational Practices in the Museum Environment: Transmission of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Simbirtseva Natalia A. , Kruglikova Galina A. , Plaksina Elena B.
Published: January 2021

In the age of digitalisation and globalisation, one of the essential tasks addressed at the level of cultural policy, having relevance for all generations, consists in the preservation of cultural heritage. Cultural and educational practices, integrated in the preschool-, school- and higher education environments and aimed at the formation of the worldview and identity of the younger generation, are considered by the authors as effective and relevant mechanisms for transmitting the memory of values, meanings, places, cultural artefacts, etc. Therefore, it seems advisable for the organisers of multi-level projects to address the potential of the museum as a cultural institute. Today, museums are oriented towards a wide variety of visitors, including professionals and creative audiences of all ages, in the presented activities and services. The transmission of cultural memory in the museum environment is implemented not only in traditional ways, but also through contemporary information and media technologies. The introduction of the younger generation to cultural heritage provides them with an opportunity to experience significant values and meanings of the cultural space and time of the city, region, or country at the personal level.
Moscow as a National Symbol: Dynamics of Cultural Meanings in Paremiology
Authors: Nikitina Tatiana
Published: January 2021

This article studies the possibilities of reconstructing the symbolic image of Moscow, referring to traditional Russian proverbs and their modern transformations. Proverbs are examined from the point of view of the linguo-cultural aspect, taking into account their cultural and historical symbolic semantics and modern socio-cultural background. The research aims to identify the symbolic meanings of the image of Moscow and represent the techniques of dictionary interpretation of this image. The innovative character of the article lies in the fact that it reveals the dynamics of the symbolic image of Moscow both at the level of one proverb and in the system of proverbs as a whole. The need to understand the socio-cultural factors determining these dynamics makes the study relevant. Also, the concept of the lexicographical representation of proverbs in their current condition provided by the author is innovative and relevant to paremiology. The research methodology is based on the principles of integration and interdisciplinarity. Additionally, the author employs diachronic and synchronic methods, as well as contextual and component analysis. The main source of the material is the paremiological database of the Phraseological Seminar of St Petersburg State University, which combines materials of about 300 paremiological collections and other lexicographic works released between the eighteenth and the twenty-first centuries, recordings of live speech made by members of the seminar in different regions of Russia, and materials from websites, forums, and chats from 2018–2020. The author reveals the mechanisms of the structural and semantic transformations of traditional proverbs and demonstrates the socio-political and socio-cultural background of desymbolisation and resymbolisation of the image of Moscow in proverbs. She presents this in the format of a paremiological dictionary, Proverbs in Modern Speech, using the example of a dictionary entry and axiological index. She draws conclusions about the relevance of certain symbolic meanings of the image of Moscow for modern Russian speakers.
Psychosocial factors in nursing work and occupational risks: a systematic review
Authors: Pousa Patrícia Carneiro Pessoa , Lucca Sérgio Roberto de
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify, in international scientific production, the main psychosocial factors in nursing work, found through the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) application. Methods: a systematic review study of psychosocial factors at work among nursing professionals, who used COPSOQ in the assessment of work environments. Results: fifteen articles were identified, which highlighted as main psychosocial dimensions of nursing work demands, work organization, social relationships and leadership, work-home interface, workplace health and well-being and offensive behaviors. Conclusion: the high demands for cognitive, emotional work and work pace were identified in the nursing routine. Management support had a positive impact. Physical and psychological violence and shift work interfere in family life, aggravating the fatigue of these professionals. Interventions for reducing work stress presuppose the identification of psychosocial factors involved in nursing work.
CO² filtration during pneumoperitoneum inflation and deflation in patients undergoing laparoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: ABRAS GUSTAVO MUNAYER , SILVA THIAGO AUGUSTUS BLASCO E , LIMA LUIZ FELIPE PIMENTA NOGUEIRA DE SOUZA , LOPES MAURO VIDIGAL DE REZENDE
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT The current Covid-19 pandemic has been the most discussed topic of the year, mostly about protection and ways to avoid dissemination of the virus. In the healthcare system, especially in the operating rooms, the viability of laparoscopic surgery was questioned, mostly because of the transmission through aerosol. This article tries to suggest a way to minimize risks of laparoscopic surgery, during this situation, by using electrostatic filters, a simple, effective and low cost alternative.
Onde está o religioso? Mística e espiritualidade no político, no público e no secular
Authors: Rolemberg Igor
Published: January 2021

Resumo: Acompanhando o cotidiano de trabalho de agentes da Comissão Pastoral da Terra na Amazônia oriental, procuro descrever suas definições e experiências de mística e espiritualidade. Esses atores inscrevem singularidades importantes no conjunto dos cristianismos, pela forma como o religioso opera nesse mundo. Assim, a mística vivida pelos agentes de pastoral embaralha as fronteiras entre espírito e matéria. Ela está imbricada nas atividades correntes do mundo material, de serviço ao outro, na constituição de públicos e problemas públicos como reforma agrária e violência no campo, o que os leva a participar constantemente da produção do secular.
Análise dos determinantes da felicidade dos associados da lar cooperativa agroindustrial
Authors: Vedana Roberta , Garcias Marcos de Oliveira , Shikida Pery Francisco Assis , Arends-Kuenning Mary Paula
Published: January 2021

Resumo: Sabendo-se que a felicidade é sentida de forma subjetiva e a sua mensuração envolve a avaliação que cada pessoa faz de sua vida, este trabalho objetivou identificar e analisar quais são os determinantes socioeconômicos que influenciam na felicidade dos associados da Lar Cooperativa Agroindustrial. Para tanto, elaboraram-se questões que buscaram captar a percepção individual de felicidade de uma amostra de 150 casais (300 indivíduos) associados à Lar Cooperativa Agroindustrial, distribuídos em 5 municípios da região oeste paranaense em que a Cooperativa atua. Essa análise foi feita em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa, qualitativa, identificaram-se palavras que, na percepção do indivíduo, descrevem a felicidade. Na segunda etapa, quantitativa, fez-se uso de variáveis que descrevessem os processos citados pelos indivíduos mensurados com o uso de um modelo lógite. Observou-se que a idade, sexo, número de horas trabalhadas e a presença de sucessores na atividade agropecuária afetam a probabilidade dos indivíduos se autodeclararem felizes.