bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Framework for analyzing the thermoreflectance spectra of metal thermal transducers with spectrally tunable time-domain thermoreflectance
Authors: Zhang Liang , Li Weiqiang , Zhang Lenan , Zhong Yang , Guo Xiao , Li Long , Wang Evelyn N. , Guo Liang
Published: August 2020

The time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) technique has been widely used to measure thermal properties. The design and interpretation of the TDTR experiment rely on an in-depth understanding of the thermoreflectance signature for a given metal thermal transducer. Although the TDTR signals of several metal thermal transducers have been experimentally investigated, a practical framework bridging the electronic properties and the thermoreflectance characteristics of metal thermal transducers will be helpful for future studies. Compiling published results and our analysis and tests, in this work, we show a theoretical strategy to determine the thermallyinduced change of reflectance spectra with the electronic properties of metal transducers as the input. As a natural consequence of the proposed framework, we show that the optimal probe photon energy occurs near the interband transition threshold of the metal. To validate our approach, TDTR experiments are performed with Au and Cu as two representative metal thermal transducers in two temporal regimes when electrons and lattices have different temperatures (<10 ps) and reach thermal equilibrium (>10 ps), respectively. The experimental results show good agreement with the theory. The work fundamentally elucidates the thermally induced optical response of metal thermal transducers and also provides practical guidelines for choosing the appropriate probe photon energy to optimize the TDTR signal for a given metal thermal transducer, which is useful for broadening the adaptability of TDTR to various experimental conditions, materials, and new laser sources.
How much 'lived experience' is enough? Understanding mental health lived experience work from a management perspective
Authors: Roennfeldt Helena , Byrne Louise
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore management understanding of the lived experience required for designated lived experience or peer roles within mental health.
MethodThis qualitative study used semi-structured interviews and one focus group with 29 participants employed in diverse management roles from the public and not-for-profit health and community sector in Queensland, Australia.
ResultsThe findings indicate a lack of consensus in defining ‘lived experience’, including what lived experience is required to be eligible for designated roles. Although some participants were clear on what designated roles added to the workforce, uncertainty and attempts to avoid stigma led to some participants questioning the need for designated roles.
ConclusionThis study suggests the ongoing expansion of the lived experience workforce is affected by challenges in defining ‘lived experience’ as a requirement for designated roles and fears regarding stigmatised identities.
What is known about the topic?In the mental health sector, opportunities and challenges exist in attempting to effectively incorporate the emerging lived experience or peer workforce. Research has highlighted the need for support from senior management, the need for role clarity and the risk of ‘othering’ for the lived experience workforce.
What does this paper add?This paper responds to the gap in existing research on the experiences of management in defining and articulating their understanding of lived experience and potential impact of uncertainty and inconsistency in understanding for the lived experience workforce.
What are the implications for practitioners?This study identifies the need to strengthen management understanding of lived experience to facilitate ongoing development of lived experience roles.
Seed dispersal by Neotropical bats in human-disturbed landscapes
Authors: Regolin André Luis , Muylaert Renata L. , Crestani Ana Cristina , Dáttilo Wesley , Ribeiro Milton Cezar
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In human-modified landscapes, where large bird and mammal species are often functionally extinct, bats are the main seed dispersers. However, the role of seed dispersal by bats for the maintenance of habitat dynamics in fragmented landscapes is still not understood, with information lacking on landscape-level effects of plant–bat interactions. We present some key topics related to spatial ecology of bats and discuss the potential influence of habitat fragmentation on several aspects of seed dispersal by Neotropical bats. We suggest that future studies need to evaluate bat–plant networks along habitat-loss and fragmentation gradients at the landscape level, including changes in land-cover types and habitat structural complexity, going beyond patch-based analysis. By advancing on the comprehension of ecosystem functioning in fragmented landscapes, we will better understand the bat-modulated seed-dispersal process, supporting regeneration and restoration programs that benefit from bat-based functions.
Direct label-free imaging of nanodomains in biomimetic and biological membranes by cryogenic electron microscopy
Authors: Heberle Frederick A. , Doktorova Milka , Scott Haden L. , Skinkle Allison D. , Waxham M. Neal , Levental Ilya
Published: August 2020

Significance

We have used cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to achieve direct, probe-free imaging of lateral domains in biomimetic lipid membranes under native conditions and to characterize differences in their structures. First, measurements of membrane thickness in laterally uniform single-component membranes show that cryo-EM is capable of subangstrom resolution of interleaflet membrane thickness. All-atom simulations are used to predict the cryo-EM appearance of submicron domains in vesicles with coexisting liquid domains and these are quantitatively validated by direct imaging of phase-separated membranes. We then extend this approach to observe nanoscopic domains in isolated cellular membranes, demonstrating direct imaging of nanodomains in biomimetic and biological membranes.
Heuristics and optimal solutions to the breadth–depth dilemma
Authors: Moreno-Bote Rubén , Ramírez-Ruiz Jorge , Drugowitsch Jan , Hayden Benjamin Y.
Published: August 2020

Significance

From choosing among the many courses offered in graduate school to dividing budget into research programs, the breadth–depth is a commonplace dilemma that arises when finite resources (e.g., time, money, cognitive capabilities) need to be allocated among a large range of alternatives. For such problems, decision makers need to trade off breadth—allocating little capacity to each of many alternatives—and depth—focusing capacity on a few options. We found that little available capacity (less than 10 samples for search) promotes allocating resources broadly, and thus breadth search is favored. Increased capacity results in an abrupt transition toward favoring a balance between breadth and depth. We finally describe a rich casuistic and heuristics for metareasoning with finite resources.
Photoperiod and temperature as dominant environmental drivers triggering secondary growth resumption in Northern Hemisphere conifers
Authors: Huang Jian-Guo , Ma Qianqian , Rossi Sergio , Biondi Franco , Deslauriers Annie , Fonti Patrick , Liang Eryuan , Mäkinen Harri , Oberhuber Walter , Rathgeber Cyrille B. K. , Tognetti Roberto , Treml Václav , Yang Bao , Zhang Jiao-Lin , Antonucci Serena , Bergeron Yves , Camarero J. Julio , Campelo Filipe , Čufar Katarina , Cuny Henri E. , De Luis Martin , Giovannelli Alessio , Gričar Jožica , Gruber Andreas , Gryc Vladimír , Güney Aylin , Guo Xiali , Huang Wei , Jyske Tuula , Kašpar Jakub , King Gregory , Krause Cornelia , Lemay Audrey , Liu Feng , Lombardi Fabio , Martinez del Castillo Edurne , Morin Hubert , Nabais Cristina , Nöjd Pekka , Peters Richard L. , Prislan Peter , Saracino Antonio , Swidrak Irene , Vavrčík Hanuš , Vieira Joana , Yu Biyun , Zhang Shaokang , Zeng Qiao , Zhang Yaling , Ziaco Emanuele
Published: August 2020

Significance

Forest trees can live for hundreds to thousands of years, and they play a critical role in mitigating global warming by fixing approximately 15% of anthropogenic CO
2
emissions annually by wood formation. However, the environmental factors triggering wood formation onset in springtime and the cellular mechanisms underlying this onset remain poorly understood, since wood forms beneath the bark and is difficult to monitor. We report that the onset of wood formation in Northern Hemisphere conifers is driven primarily by photoperiod and mean annual temperature. Understanding the unique relationships between exogenous factors and wood formation could aid in predicting how forest ecosystems respond and adapt to climate warming, while improving the assessment of long-term and high-resolution observations of global biogeochemical cycles.
The structure of protein dynamic space
Authors: Rackovsky S. , Scheraga Harold A.
Published: August 2020

Significance

Protein dynamic properties have been computationally accessible only by means of molecular-dynamic simulations, or network models, of specific molecules. We have developed a bioinformatic approach to dynamics, which makes it possible to delineate the dynamic characteristics of large numbers of sequences simultaneously. In this work we report an analysis of the large-scale dynamic structure of protein space. It is demonstrated that proteins of different structural classes have different dynamic behaviors, and that all-helical proteins occur with two distinct types of dynamic behavior. One subset of helical proteins is characterized by localized, helix-based dynamics, while the complementary subset exhibits dynamics of a more three-dimensional nature. This information has not been available through the application of more traditional methods.
Understanding Collaboration: Introducing the Collaborative Governance Case Databank
Authors: Douglas Scott , Ansell Chris , Parker Charles F , Sørensen Eva , ‘T Hart Paul , Torfing Jacob
Published: August 2020

Studying collaborative governance has become a booming business. However, the empirical literature still struggles to produce robust generalizations and cumulative knowledge that link contextual, situational and institutional design factors to processes and outcomes. We still have not mustered the broad and deep evidence base that will really help us sort fact from fiction and identify more and less productive approaches to collaboration. The current empirical evidence in the study of collaborative governance consists chiefly of small-N case studies or large-N surveys. The challenge is to move from case- based, mid- range theory building to more largeN- driven systematic theory- testing, while also retaining the rich contextual and process insights that only small-N studies tend to yield. This article, and the articles in the accompanying special issue, introduces an attempt to provide this middle ground – the Collaborative Governance Case Database. The database has been developed to serve as a free common pool resource for researchers to systematically collect and compare high- quality collaborative governance case studies. This article is an introduction to the database, exploring its design, opportunities and limitations. This article is also an invitation; inviting all researchers to freely use the cases in the database for their own research interest and to help strengthening the database by adding new cases there are eager to share with colleagues.
Convexification for an inverse problem for a 1D wave equation with experimental data
Authors: Smirnov A V , Klibanov M V , Sullivan A J , Nguyen L H
Published: August 2020

The forward problem here is the Cauchy problem for a 1D hyperbolic PDE with a variable coefficient in the principal part of the operator. That coefficient is the spatially distributed dielectric constant. The inverse problem consists of the recovery of that dielectric constant from backscattering boundary measurements. The data depend on one variable, which is time. To address this problem, a new version of the convexification method is analytically developed. The theory guarantees the global convergence of this method. Numerical testing is conducted for both computationally simulated and experimental data. Experimental data, which are collected in the field, mimic the problem of the recovery of the spatially distributed dielectric constants of antipersonnel land mines and improvised explosive devices.
Observation of a neutron spin resonance in the bilayered superconductor CsCa2Fe4As4F2
Authors: Adroja D T , Blundell S J , Lang F , Luo H , Wang Z-C , Cao G-H
Published: August 2020

We report inelastic neutron scattering (INS) investigations on the bilayer Fe-based superconductor CsCa2Fe4As4F2 above and below its superconducting transition temperature T
c ≈ 28.9 K to investigate the presence of a neutron spin resonance. This compound crystallises in a body-centred tetragonal lattice containing asymmetric double layers of Fe2As2 separated by insulating CaF2 layers and is known to be highly anisotropic. Our INS study clearly reveals the presence of a neutron spin resonance that exhibits higher intensity at lower momentum transfer (Q) at 5 K compared to 54 K, at an energy of 15 meV. The energy E
R of the observed spin resonance is broadly consistent with the relationship E
R = 4.9k
B
T
c, but is slightly enhanced compared to the values observed in other Fe-based superconductors. We discuss the nature of the electron pairing symmetry by comparing the value of E
R with that deduced from the total superconducting gap value integrated over the Fermi surface.
Ab initio calculation of the electron capture spectrum of 163Ho: Auger–Meitner decay into continuum states
Authors: Braß M , Haverkort M W
Published: August 2020

Determining the electron neutrino mass by electron capture in 163Ho relies on an accurate understanding of the differential electron capture nuclear decay rate as a function of the distribution of the total decay energy between the neutrino and electronic excitations. The resulting spectrum is dominated by resonances due to local atomic multiplet states with core holes. Coulomb scattering between electrons couples the discrete atomic states, via Auger–Meitner decay, to final states with free electrons. The atomic multiplets are above the auto-ionisation energy, such that the delta functions representing these discrete levels turn into a superposition of Lorentzian, Mahan- and Fano-like line-shapes. We present an ab initio method to calculate nuclear decay modifications due to such processes. It includes states with multiple correlated holes in local atomic orbitals interacting with unbound Auger–Meitner electrons. A strong energy-dependent, asymmetric broadening of the resonances in good agreement with recent experiments is found. We present a detailed analysis of the mechanisms determining the final spectral line-shape and discuss both the Fano interference between different resonances, as well as the energy dependence of the Auger–Meitner Coulomb matrix elements. The latter mechanism is shown to be the dominant channel responsible for the asymmetric line-shape of the resonances in the electron capture spectrum of 163Ho.
Lie Symmetry Analysis on Benjamin-Ono Equation
Authors: Hong Joseph Boon Zik , Singh Parmjit Singh a/l Aperapar , Han Cheong Tau , Rasid Nor Syazwani Mohd
Published: August 2020

Benjamin-Ono Equation are significantly important in describes the one-dimensional internal waves in deep water. Because of its significance, Lie symmetry reduction were chosen to reduce the equation and hence solve the equation. Lie symmetry analysis is one of the powerful methods to solve partial differential equation. Due to its effectiveness, this method is widely applied in solving equation in various field. In this paper, calculation of symmetry of the equation was first present, followed by reduction of the equation. The equation are reduced from non-linear partial differential equation (PDE) to ordinary differential equation (ODE) and hence analytic solution of the partial differential equation was obtained by solving the reduced ODE.
On eigenvalue bounds for the finite-state birth-death process intensity matrix
Authors: Tan R R P , Ikeda K , Garces L P D M
Published: August 2020

The paper sets forth a novel eigenvalue interlacing property across the finite-state birth-death process intensity matrix and two clearly identified submatrices as an extension of Cauchy’s interlace theorem for Hermitian matrix eigenvalues. A supplemental proof involving an examination of probabilities acquired from specific movements across states and a derivation of a form for the eigenpolynomial of the matrix through convolution and Laplace transform is then presented towards uncovering a similar characteristic for the general Markov chain transition rate matrix. Consequently, the proposition generates bounds for each eigenvalue of the original matrix, easing numerical computation. To conclude, the applicability of the property to some real square matrices upon transformation is explored.
On a Hadamard fractional boundary value problem for 3 < α ≤ 4.
Authors: Jebreen Haifa Bin , Ragoub Lakhdar
Published: August 2020

This note deals with Hadamard fractional differential equation of order 3 < α ≤ 4, subject to a mixed boundary conditions on [1, e]. The investigation made here involves Hadamard integral operator of a function with a construction of an appropriate Green’s function. Using its properties as well as its maximum value, we will be able to get Hartman-Winter and Lyapunov-type inequalities for a class of Hadamard fractional differential equations. Finally, we will illustrate this result by giving an example.
Eigenfunction Expansion for the Elastic Rectangle
Authors: Kovalenko M D , Menshova I V , Kerzhaev A P , Yu G
Published: August 2020

In the paper, we construct an exact solution to a boundary value problem of the theory of elasticity for a rectangle in which the longitudinal sides are free, while normal and tangential stresses are given at the ends (even-symmetric deformation with respect to the central axes). The solution is represented in the form of series in Papkovich–Fadle eigenfunctions. The coefficients are determined explicitly by using functions biorthogonal to the Papkovich–Fadle eigenfunctions. We give the final formulas which have a simple appearance and can easily be used in engineering practice. The obtained solution is compared with the solution to the corresponding boundary value problem for a half-strip.
Modeling Dynamics of Political Parties with Poaching from One Party
Authors: Macansantos Priscilla S.
Published: August 2020

Dynamical social phenomena have been modeled using differential systems employed in mathematical models of epidemiology. In Misra (2012), an epidemiological model is used to study the “spread” of two political parties. In Nyabadzaet. al (2016), the authors point out that the Misra model may be generalized by considering switching between political parties. We take off from these to consider a model in which there are two parties, with a third party recruiting only from one, hence acting as a renegade to one of the two parties. We locate equilibria and consider local stability particularly of the co-existence/endemic equilibrium. Finally, we look at parameter values that result in the recruitment activities of the third party adversely affecting the group it recruits from.
Thailand rice production analysis: alternative approaches without P-value
Authors: Sucharidtham Thunyawadee , Wannapan Satawat
Published: August 2020

This paper was contributed to seek a supporting evidence for the use of spatial analysis in panel data estimations. Yearly panel data regarding rice production and crucial factors, as well as quantities of rice planting areas, fertilizer usages, rice farmer families, and precipitations were observed as a time-series trend during 2009 to 2017. Methodologically, to avoid traditionally statistical assumptions like probabilistic significant test and to improve sensibility of model estimations, Bayesian statistics and inferences were applied to the entire methods of this paper. Stationary testing was accomplished by employing the Bayesian-ADF unit method. Additionally, the findings estimated via Bayesian panel regression models that indicated the spatial dummy added into the models also influenced both rice products and related factors. Thus, rice production needed to be regionally investigated and proposed critical issues should be practically considered.
Multiple Change-points Test Based on Heteroscedasticity and Its Application in Subway Passenger Flow
Authors: Zhang X , Shi S Z , Wang H Y
Published: August 2020

A class of heteroscedastic multiple change-points test method (H-SMUCE) is introduced to test the mean change-point of subway passenger flow data. And the Algorithm steps is proposed. In this paper, since the passenger flow data obeys the normal distribution, this test method has a high accuracy rate. Simulation shows that the accuracy is over 90%. This algorithm for change-points test is applied to the passenger flow of 28 stations in Shanghai Metro Line 1, the positions and times of the change-points are measured, and the law of the change in average passenger flow is analyzed.
Ranking the market efficiency of the Philippine stock exchange industry sectors using the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis
Authors: Antenorcruz J M V , Manzano M C F , Batac R C
Published: August 2020

In this study, the market efficiency of the Philippine stock exchange industry sectors was ranked through the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis wherein the generalized Hurst exponents for each sector were obtained. The difference between the minimum and maximum generalized Hurst exponents for each sector was used to measure market efficiency. For detrending polynomials of degree one, the following efficiency ranking was obtained, from most efficient to least efficient: properties, mining and oil, holding firms, industrial, finance and services. The results imply that since the services sector was found to be the least efficient sector, then investors do not react quickly to information entering the market, thus reflecting on the sector’s index. Conversely, the results also imply that the properties sector is the most efficient industry in the Philippine stock exchange. The multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis was also conducted for quadratic and cubic detrending polynomials, and different efficiency rankings were obtained, it was found that services and properties were still the most inefficient and efficient sectors, respectively. This study has provided additional evidence on the link between multifractality and market efficiency, and it has also been found that such a link still exists when considering industries under a country’s stock exchange.
A New Hybrid Algorithm of Bisection and Modified Newton’s Method for the nth root-finding of a Real Number
Authors: Pinkham S , Sansiribhan S
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a new algorithm to approximate the nth root of a given real number z. The proposed algorithm is a hybrid algorithm between the Bisection method and the combination of the inverse of sine series and Newton’s method. The proposed algorithm will be tested to find the numerical results on Matlab programming. The results showed that if z > 1, the proposed method converges with the initial interval [1, z] and if 0 < z < 1, it converges with initial interval [0,4]. The comparison of the obtained result with Newton’s method and AS-Newton’s method shown that the efficiency of the proposed algorithm may better than both of them concerning the initial value.
Light Pollution: A Preliminary Study in Kundasang, Sabah Based on Sky Quality Meter System
Authors: Ngadiman N F , Shariff N N M , Hamidi Z S
Published: August 2020

Night sky brightness is one of the important parameters to be considered in determining the quality of a site for astronomy observation. However, light pollution acts as a major contributor to sky brightness at night. We measure the night sky brightness at Kundasang, Sabah to obtain the first preliminary sky brightness reading. In order to measure light pollution in Kundasang Sabah, Unihedron Sky Quality Meter (SQM-LU-DL) was used for the measurement with a fixed position and oriented towards the zenith. The measurements have been done during the period of July 2018 to February 2019. The measurement is taken between approximately 7 p.m. to 5.30 a.m. everyday. The best night sky brightness reading is on January 5th, 2019 with a value of 21.34 ± 0.7 mag/arcsec2. The preliminary average reading of sky brightness is 20.71 ± 0.2 mag/arcsec2. Comparison with previous similar studies for the same condition of astronomy sites in Malaysia and other locations indicate that Kundasang, Sabah is a suitable location for astronomical observation.
Application of Solar Radio Bursts Observation in Detecting Magnetic Reconnection Phenomenon
Authors: Mohamad Ansor N , Hamidi Z S , Shariff N N M
Published: August 2020

This study highlights the importance of solar activity observation in radio region which covers 45-870 MHz, which also provides clues on the appearance of magnetic reconnection. It was carried out by utilizing e-CALLISTO data from Glasgow station. On 9th March 2019, intense solar radio bursts type III sparked off and were detected by Glasgow station in the UK at 12.29 UT, that lasted for 15 minutes. There were two bursts that were observed to appear separately by 1-minute interval. Accompanying the bursts formation was a B6.5 flare, the highest flare throughout the day and it was recorded by NOAA at 12.26 UT which was in the time frame of the bursts event. It is believed that the type III bursts were associated to the flare formation as radio emissions were emitted at the beginning of the flare during reconnection. From the analysis, results have shown that multiple magnetic reconnection process took place during the solar activity as indicated by a large group of bursts. However, no extended bursts formed for the rest of the day as well as lack of activity produced by the same region for the following days and that could be a hint of the decay phase of AR 2734. Detailed discussions on the bursts corresponding to the flare activity are discussed in this paper.
Active Cancelling System for Mitigating ELFM Field in a High Tech Fab
Authors: Lin H Y , Chang L M
Published: August 2020

As nano-level of semiconductor manufacturing technology continuously advances, the demands of the high performance microscopes (HPM) and other precision instruments are increasing. To employ these microscopes and instruments, the processes involved are often venerable to electromagnetic interference (EMI), especially, the processes would be sensitively impacted by the extremely low frequency magnetic (ELFM) field. The frequency ranges of the ELFM field are from 1Hz to 3KHz. The high-intensity of ELFM field would cause measurement errors of high-precision instruments and drop production yield rate. In this paper, an active magnetic interference cancelling system (AMICS) with square Helmholtz coil structure will be utilized. The square Helmholtz coil structure is used for generating a magnetic field for mitigating the ELFM. To achieve the fast response of AMICS in regard to the ELFM field change, an embedded system with the real-time operating system (RTOS) was built to perform the magnetic measurement and magnetic cancelling task. The experimental results of research show that the ELF field cancelling capability has been improved about 95.87% for 60Hz and 96.05% for 100Hz.
Stable and Broad Multiwavelength Generation with the Assistance of Intensity Dependent Loss Mechanism based on Bidirectional SOA
Authors: Sulaiman A H , Ismail A , Abdullah F , Jamaludin M Z , Mahdi M A
Published: August 2020

Multiwavelength fiber laser is based on bidirectional semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is demonstrated. The multiwavelength spectrum from this setup produces 143 lasing lines within 5 dB uniformity. This bidirectional setup can maintain a flat multiwavelength lines with high peak power since both lights from SOA are fully utilized. The combination of polarization controllers (PCs), SOA and polarization beam combiner (PBC) induces an intensity dependent loss (IDL) mechanism which acts as the flatness element. The multiwavelength performance is investigated at different SOA current and PCs setting. Lower SOA current and different PC adjustment deteriorate multiwavelength performance. The laser is greatly stable since no laser fluctuation is found within 100 minutes of stability test.
Light Pollution Measurement at Selected Sites of Peninsular Malaysia on 9th of June 2018
Authors: Shariff NNM , Hamidi ZS , Osman MR , Ngadiman NF
Published: August 2020

Light pollution is regarded as one of environmental issues, although it is often neglected by vast majority of us. It has severe impacts on human health & nocturnal creatures. Due to that, measurement of light pollution is crucial as it serves as an indicator on how polluted our sky. The objective of this paper is to compare light pollution measurement at designated sites. For this paper, we choose four (4) stationary sites that are located according to cardinal directions i.e. Selangor Observatory (BCS), Kuala Lipis (LPS), Besut (BST) and Langkawi National Observatory (ONL). All sites were installed Sky Quality Meter (LU-DL type). The measurement is in magnitude per arc second (mpsas) or abbreviated as mag/arcsec2 unit. The higher the measurement value indicates the less polluted sky. We found that 9th of June 2018 was identified as best day for the four (4) sites based on the average of sky magnitude along night. The less polluted site is LPS site with 21.15 mag/arcsec2 and the worst site is BST with 19.58 mag/arcsec2. Measurement of light pollution in the long run is vital in order to have a reliable dataset and for protection of the night sky brightness.
Characterization of water quality and fluorescence measurements of dissolved organic matter in Cabuyao river and its tributaries using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy
Authors: Cadondon J G , Napal J P D , Abe K , De Lara R , Vallar E A , Orbecido A H , Belo L P , Galvez M C D
Published: August 2020

Laguna lake is an important natural resource that provides agricultural and other uses such as transportation, recreation, and irrigation. Due to rapid changes in the land use near the west region of Laguna lake, surface water quality measurements are necessary. Using excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy, the optical characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Cabuyao river were assessed. There are six sampling sites based on inflow and outflow of water from Cabuyao river and its tributaries. 3D excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) using Surfer v16 was utilized in the assessment of protein-like and humic-like fluorescence peaks. It was observed that the differences in the EEMs provided DOM composition, and its origin. A fluorescence index of approximately 1.18 showed that most of the samples are terrestrial in origin. In-situ water quality measurements such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity. Hence, this study provides preliminary information on the possible use of fluorescence EEMs in providing DOM composition in natural waters.
Multiarmed spiral waves generated by periodic stimuli in excitable systems
Authors: Luengviriya Jiraporn , Sutthiopad Malee , Kanchanawarin Jarin , Luengviriya Chaiya
Published: August 2020

Rotating spiral waves occur in different excitable systems. They also play an important role in the human health since the spiral waves of electrical signals correspond to some cardiac arrhythmia like tachycardia and fibrillations. Pinning of a spiral wave is found to stabilize extreme conditions such as the superconductivity and the superfluidity and it also causes longer cardiac arrhythmia. Multiarmed spiral waves are multiple spiral arms rotating in the same direction around a common center. In heart, they are expected to be seriously dangerous since the wave frequency increases with the number of spiral arms. In this article, we present a partition method with periodic stimuli to generate multiarmed spiral waves pinned to a circular obstacle. Periodic stimuli applied on one side of a thin line partition ignite multiple waves with large distances between them so only a few wave fronts can be distributed around the obstacle and subsequently result in multiarmed spiral waves with a few arms after the removal of the partition. In contrast, Periodic stimuli on both two sides of the partition create waves with smaller distances between them and more wave fronts can fit around the obstacle boundary. Therefore, multiarmed spiral waves with more arms can be generated using the latter method.
Quantitative image analysis to identify the feasible areas of rice straw biomass VSPP power plant at provincial level, Thailand
Authors: Sansiribhan Sansanee , Rattanathanaophat Anusorn
Published: August 2020

The studying the feasible potential areas for rice straw power plants with a capacity of less than 10 MWe of a provincial level propose in this work. The potential area for producing electric energy was analyzed using the Image technique. An imaging technique assess based on the technical and economic feasibility of potential areas, i.e., transportation, water supply and the 22 kV grid connection system of Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA). The results showed the geographic distribution of the potential location of rice straw biomass at the feasible areas in the case of Nakhon Sawan province. It also found that Nakhon Sawan province has very high potential of rice straw biomass for power plant total capacity of 41.1 MWe, especially, the areas within the collection rice straw radius of 25 km, i.e., Banphot Phisai district and Tha Tako district in Nakhon Sawan province have the available surplus rice straw residues for power generation with capacity of 8.3 MWe and 5.4 MWe, respectively. Moreover, two districts are thus proposed to the suitable locations for rice straw power plant construction. The suitable areas of Banphot Phisai district and Tha Tako district were around 362.47 km2 and 206.71 km2, respectively.
Transformations from standard photometric systems to the Gaia passbands
Authors: Ritter A , Huang C
Published: August 2020

Aims. Provide a transformation from the standard photometric filters to Gaia G, GBP and GRP
passbands. Methods. The relations between the standard photometric filters in the Johnson-Cousins UBV RC IC
photometric system, the SDSS ugriz system, and the Gaia passbands were fitted with up to third order polynomials for dwarfs and giants individually. Results. At least for the Gaia GBP
passband the Johnson-Cousins filter are better suited for a reliable prediction. No improvement is seen for higher than third order polynomial fits for any of the performed transformations. Conclusions. The provided dependencies amongst colours can be used to transform the apparent magnitudes in the B, V, RC
, and SDSS griz passbands to Gaia G, GBP
, and GBR
photometry, allowing for a comparison of the Gaia survey to models of the Galaxy and to previous large surveys.
Morphological impact of low-energy Xe+ irradiation on polycrystalline titanium targets
Authors: Garcia M A , Gago R , Esteban-Mendoza D , Cuerno R , Rickards J
Published: August 2020

Low energy (1-keV) Xe+ irradiation at different incidence angles (α) has been performed on pure polycrystalline Ti pellets at room temperature. The ion current was set between 110 and 200 μA cm−2 (ion flux ∼ 7-12 ×1014 ions cm−2 s−1). Changes of the surface morphology were characterized ex-situ with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Ion bombardment induces a significant surface roughening, with a complex morphology due to the polycrystalline nature of the targets. For α ≤ 60°, ripple nanostructures appear within a long-range roughening. The ripple domains present a short-range order, with no orientation coherence between different domains or with respect to the ion beam. For α = 70°, large pillar-like structures appear aligned with respect to the ion beam. Finally, at gracing incidence (α = 80°), a smooth surface emerges with shallow ripples oriented parallel to the ion beam. The observed features can be interpreted as the result from the interplay between transport and erosion mechanisms, which are modulated by the initial material microstructure (grain and crystal size). Finally, the surfaces become more hydrophobic after ion irradiation, which can be exploited for biomedical applications.
TiO2 Nanotube Array Prepared by Anodization in Aqueous Electrolyte Containing Sodium Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose
Authors: Saputri L N M Z , Gunlazuardi J
Published: August 2020

TiO2 nanotubes arrays (TNTAs) were produced on titanium foil by electro oxidation (anodization) based on aqueous electrolyte containing sodium carboxyl methylcellulose (Na-CMC) at various concentration and the applied anodization potential. In aqueous electrolyte, the concentration of Na-CMC showed significant influence in the formation of TiO2 nanotubes. While little effect from the anodization potential was observed. The TNTAs, with very good nanotubes array morphology and photocurrent generation was successfully obtained under aqueous electrolyte containing 0.5% NH4F and 2 % Na-CMC. This obtained TNTAs films has slightly different inner tube diameter when prepared under different anodization voltages, these are 52 ± 4,08, 80 ± 3,48, and 79 ± 4,01 nm respected to 15, 20, 25 V applied potential, respectively. The best photocatalytic activity of TNTAs was observed on the TNTAs film that was prepared under 20 V, whereas this TNTAs film has biggest porosity (41.14 %) and smallest space depletion layer (4.34 nm) compare to other prepared TNTAs film. This result confirms that, narrower of the depletion layer, the separation of the charge on the surface of TNTAs and electrolytes will increase, thus the efficiency of photo conversion increases. Preparation of TNAs by anodization in aqueous electrolyte containing Na-CMC can be an alternative way that meet the environmentally friendly nature, in contrast to those current common way which is using an organic electrolyte.
The theoretical study of Cs/O absorption on Ga0.9375Mg0.0625N (0001) surface: A first principle calculation
Authors: Ren S S , Ma J , Fu X Q , Yang M Z , Zhao H
Published: August 2020

In order to theoretically study the adsorption process of GaN photocathode, the adsorption model on Ga0.9375Mg0.0625N is established. Then, the adsorption energy, work function, mullikeen charge distribution and density of states on the surface of (2×2) Ga0.9375Mg0.0625N(0001)calculate are calculated by first principle on CASTEP. By comparing the adsorption energy of Cs on N atom, surface centrality and Mg atom, the result shows that adsorption is the most stable on Mg atom. The Cs/O absorption model on Mg atom is mainly researched, according to analysis the properties of different computing results for different adsorption models, it is found that they are in accordance with the changing trend of the experiment. This provides a theoretical basis for the study of the experiment.
Strain enhanced inplane ferroelectricity in few layer SnS
Authors: Du Yudou
Published: August 2020

Two dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) like MoS2, WTe2 have brought widespread attention as their novel 2D confined properties and applications in nano devices. Among them, SnS draws people’s attention as the rise of inplane ferroelectricity study. Using first principle DFT calculation, we find the structure shrinking more flatten when monolayer SnS isolated from its bulk matrix. Our result shows that monolayer SnS is much flexible with elastic modulus about 4.4 GPa. The size of the band gap can be tuned from 0.06eV to 0.11 eV by strain. Under positive armchair strain/negative zigzag strain there is even a band gap transition between direct and indirect, which can be applied in PL control. And the born effective charge for strained monolayer SnS can be tuned up to 10% by 5% strain, indicating the great tunability in monolayer SnS. Our results pave the way for further study of controlling the electronic and ferroelectric properties in monolayer SnS and similar inplane FE 2D materials.
Changes of inundation area and water turbidity of Tonle Sap Lake: responses to climate changes or upstream dam construction?
Authors: Wang Ye , Feng Lian , Liu Junguo , Hou Xuejiao , Chen Deliang
Published: August 2020

Using long-term Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat satellite observations, the inundation changes of Tonle Sap Lake between 1988 and 2018 were investigated. The results show that the inundation area was stable before 2000, followed by a significant shrinking trend between 2000 and 2018. Quantitative remote sensing retrievals for concentrations of the total suspended sediments (TSS) also demonstrate an evident increasing trend (7.92 mg l−1yr−1) since 2000. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.67) was found between the annual mean inundation area and concurrent precipitation in a region located in the lower basin of the Mekong River (mostly outside the drainage basin of Tonle Sap Lake). A multiple general linear model (GLM) regression further pointed to the precipitation variation as a major contributor (76.1%) to the interannual fluctuation of the inundation area, while the dams constructed in China only contributed to 6.9%. The limited impacts of Chinese dams on the inundation area of the lake could be revealed through the limited fraction of water discharge from the Mekong River within China (∼17%). The analysis also found significant impacts of inundation changes on the recent lake turbidity increase in the dry seasons. We clearly revealed that the contribution of dam construction in China to the recent lake shrinkage was insignificant when compared with the impacts of the precipitation decrease. The results of this study provide important scientific evidence for settling water volume-related transboundary disputes regarding the control of the inundation area and water turbidity of Tonle Sap Lake.
Identifying the spatial patterns of housing distribution in Johor Bahru through spatial autocorrelation
Authors: Mohd Sairi N A , Burhan B , Mohd Safian E E
Published: August 2020

Everything that has a location in geographic space will naturally generate a spatial pattern either clustered, dispersed or random. A testable assumption in the concept where geographic location matters is Tobler’s First Law of Geography whereas one means for quantifying the law of geography by Tobler is through the measures of spatial autocorrelation. Hence, this study aims to identify the spatial clustering patterns of housing distribution in Johor Bahru by applying spatial autocorrelation methods. Through global spatial autocorrelation analysis, the results depict a high clustering within the housing distribution as the value of Moran’s I is 0.993852 which is highly positive and near to 1. Next, the LISA cluster map had successfully identified individual clusters where the housing characteristics and location characteristics in Skudai and Pasir Gudang are similar to its nearby housing units. However, the housing units in Johor Bahru have dissimilar characteristics of housing and locations with its nearest housing units. Based on this analysis, although the housing distribution indicates a clustering pattern overall, the type of clustering is however, locally different. Apart from that, the results also reflects buyer’s preferences of housing choices through locational characteristics whilst suggesting for possibility of conducting distance matrix for further analysis.
Analyses Water Bodies Effect in Mitigation of Urban Heat Effect: Case Study Small Size Cities Kuching, Sarawak
Authors: Kemarau Ricky Anak , Eboy Oliver Valentine
Published: August 2020

United Nations in 2019 predicted by 2050, approximately 70% of humans will live in urban areas. The development without a proper plan can leading a treat to the environment and increasing the urban heat effect. The urban heat effect is where the condition the temperature in urban areas higher than rural. It becomes highly essential subject areas due to continues urban growth to fulfill the demand of the migration population from rural areas to urban areas. In general, prior work is limited to a subset of urban green space in mitigation of urban heat island. Hence, the effect of water bodies has not studied extensively, particularly in the tropical rainforest climate. Thus, understanding this is a key to uncover the origin of the influence land use/land cover in water bodies’ effects on urban heat effect. For this study, the following critical data from Landsat 5 TM in the year 1988 and Landsat 8 TIR OLI. The first step this studied applied pre-processing, namely geometric correction, radiometric correction, and atmosphere correction. The second stage generates the land surface temperature (LST) for the year 1988 and 2019. The third stage performs 200 samplings, which 100 samplings to north and 100 to the south from Sarawak river. The measurement of LST takes from water bodies following next every 100 meters until it reached 1000 meters. The result did not demonstrate a direct correlation between distance water bodies and LST. The land use and land cover type of active influence on the LST pattern than the distance waterbody effect. However, the distance for water below 200 meters shows a strong relationship between LST. It notable that a close correlation exists between the LST distance of water bodies at this below 200 meters. The effect of the waterbody in reducing the LST at urban heat was active at a distance of 200 meters and below. There were clear benefits to be seen in the mitigation of urban heat islands. The theoretically should provide further interest to urban planners and policymakers to develop sustainable cities.
Spatio-temporal pattern analysis of forest fire event in South Kalimantan using integration remote sensing data and GIS for forest fire disaster mitigation
Authors: Salsabila H N , Sahitya A F , Mahyatar P
Published: August 2020

Forest fire is one disaster that can paralyze various human activities, both in land and air, which can reach hundreds of hectares and is routine in Indonesia. Mitigation is important to reduce the number of fires and the impact will not damage the ecosystem. Spatio-temporal analysis can be used to know the pattern of an event in a certain period. This makes it possible to identify the factors of events that affected by time and see the changes that occur on the surface of the earth. Data that are used include remote sensing data of rainfall, peatland, palm oil plantation, land cover, hotspot in certain period that is processed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The methods used include extraction of forest fire event parameter, mapping of hotspot and forest fire parameter, spatio-temporal analysis, forest fire mitigation identification. The extraction result obtained influential parameters, such as land cover, land use, rainfall, climate, river, and road. Structural mitigation such as the construction of canals and ditches can anticipate the spread of fires. Canals can also be used as a control factor for hydrology. Meanwhile, non-structural mitigation can be done through policy planning based on hotspot distribution modelling.