bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extreme Heat and Occupational Health Risks
Authors: Gibb Kathryn , Beckman Stella , Vergara Ximena P. , Heinzerling Amy , Harrison Robert
Published: January 2024

Climate change poses a significant occupational health hazard. Rising temperatures and more frequent heat waves are expected to cause increasing heat-related morbidity and mortality for workers across the globe. Agricultural, construction, military, firefighting, mining, and manufacturing workers are at particularly high risk for heat-related illness (HRI). Various factors, including ambient temperatures, personal protective equipment, work arrangements, physical exertion, and work with heavy equipment may put workers at higher risk for HRI. While extreme heat will impact workers across the world, workers in low- and middle-income countries will be disproportionately affected. Tracking occupational HRI will be critical to informing prevention and mitigation strategies. Renewed investment in these strategies, including workplace heat prevention programs and regulatory standards for indoor and outdoor workers, will be needed. Additional research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in order to successfully reduce the risk of HRI in the workplace.
miR‐375 Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Suppressing PDK1
Authors: Jia-yuan Xu , Wei Song , Fang-fang Lu , Zhi-jian Dai , Long-he Cao , Sen Lin
Published: January 2024

Purpose. In patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the expression of PDK1 is remarkably improved in NPC tissue and correlated with the clinicopathological severity of NPC. We expressed miR‐375 in NPC cells to study the effects on PDK1 gene expression. We also investigated the mechanism by which miR‐375 affects the biological behavior of NPC cells through effects on PDK1. Methods. qRT‐PCR was carried out to analyze miR‐375 and PDK1 levels in NPC cells. NPC cells were transfected with miR‐375 inhibitor or miR‐375 mimic. CCK‐8 testing, colony formation testing, transwell testing, and flow cytometry analysis were carried out to quantify the cells’ biological behavior. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the recovery of PDK1 expression was able to reverse the influence of miR‐375 inhibition on NPC diffusion and intrusion. The interaction between miR‐375 and PDK1 was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter gene testing. Results. The results revealed that miR‐375 has a negative regulatory effect on PDK1 expression in NPC cells. Furthermore, PDK1 is a target gene for miR‐375. The empirical results obtained demonstrated a negative correlation between tumor development and the level of miR‐375 expression in NPC tissues. The excessive expression of miR‐375 and the downregulation of PDK1 facilitated the diffusion and invasion of NPC cells. Conclusion. The diffusion and incursion of NPC cells may be inhibited by direct targeting of PDK1 and decreasing the expression of miR‐375. Our study highlights efforts to target PDK1 and miR‐375 as potential therapeutic strategies for use in the treatment of NPC.
GC‐MS Analysis and Study of the Antimicrobial Activity of Citrus paradisi, Citrus aurantifolia, and Citrus sinensis Peel Essential Oils as Hand Sanitizer
Authors: Mohammed Isra Osman , Alrasheid Ayat Ahmed , Hussein Ayoub Saad Mohammed
Published: January 2024

In the setting of healthcare, the use of hand sanitizers and antiseptics for hand hygiene is of paramount importance to avoid transfer of pathogenic microorganism through hand and skin contact. There is an increasing interest in the incorporation of essential oils in hand sanitizer’s formula to avoid the adverse effect of conventional hand sanitizers on health. This study aimed to detect the chemical constituents of citrus peel essential oils and study their antimicrobial activity compared with commercial hand sanitizers. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the hydrodistillated essential oils of peels of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and orange (Citrus sinensis) were carried out using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. The disc diffusion method was used to screen the antibacterial activity of the essential oils against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans compared with a 78% alcohol‐based commercial hand sanitizer. The antimicrobial testing results were statistically analyzed. The highest yield percentage of the obtained essential oils was 1.09% obtained by orange oil. The GC‐MS analysis indicated that monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons occupied the largest portion of the chemical composition of the three essential oils with D‐limonene as the most predominant component. All essential oils showed activity against all tested organisms. Lime essential oil showed comparable antimicrobial activity relative to the commercial 78% alcohol hand sanitizer. In conclusion, essential oils obtained from citrus fruit peel represent a rich source of compounds possessing antimicrobial properties and could be an alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents.
Integrated Analysis of Single-Cell RNA-Seq and Bulk RNA-Seq Unravels the Molecular Feature of Tumor-Associated Macrophage of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Gao Xin
Published: January 2024

Background. The association between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and macrophage remains to be deeply explored. Methods. Gene expression profiles and clinical variable characteristics of AML patients were collected from TCGA, GEO, and TARGET databases. Consensus clustering was employed to construct the macrophage-related clusters. The macrophage-related index (MRI) was constructed using the LASSO and multivariate Cox analysis. The GSE71014 and TARGET datasets were utilized as external validation sets. Single-cell sequencing data for AML (GSE116256) was adopted to analyze modeled gene expression levels in cells. Results. Two macrophage-related clusters with different prognostic and immune infiltration characteristics were constructed in AML. Cluster B had a poorer prognosis, more cancer-promoting pathway enrichment, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Relied on the MRI, patients of different groups showed different levels of immune infiltration, different mutations, and prognoses. LGALS1 and BCL2A1 may play roles in promoting cancer in AML, while ELANE may have a significant effect on suppressing cancer. Conclusion. Macrophage-related genes (MRGs) had significant impacts on the occurrence and progression of AML. MRI may better evaluate the prognosis and immune features of AML patients.
Public Perception of Genetically Modified Organisms and the Implementation of Biosafety Measures in Kenya
Authors: Catherine Kunyanga Nkirote , Mugiira B. Roy , Muchiri N. Josephat
Published: January 2024

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are an important nexus of biotechnology, agriculture, and research. GMOs have gained popularity because of their potential to address global food insecurity. However, the widespread adoption of GMOs has sparked debates and controversies. This study collected data on the threats and effects of the GMO ban and the status of implementation of Biosafety Act and Cartagena Protocol on biosafety in Kenya. A cross‐sectional survey was used with 216 participants sampled purposively and 16 key informants interviewed in a qualitative survey with triangulation of data from a scoping literature review. Fifty‐seven percent of the respondents indicated GMOs and genetically modified (GM) foods are a solution to food security in Africa. A majority believe that the introduction of GMO technology and the use of GM food is beneficial (52.3%). Fifty‐five percent of the respondents indicated that GM foods are safe. Most respondents (>90%) indicated that there is a low threat of GMO technology on the environment, human health, and animal health. The respondents (54.3%) agreed there is good adherence to the Cartagena Protocol. The correlation between awareness of the Cartagena Protocol on biosafety and views on whether there are adequate legal and regulatory frameworks was r = 0.4, indicating a weak but positive relationship between the two. Respondents who reported that the legal and regulatory frameworks were adequate were, therefore, likely (r = 0.4) to be aware of the Cartagena Protocol. There was a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.67) on views that GM food is a solution to food insecurity. Understandably, the relationship between GM food health concerns and GM food as safe was moderately negative (r = −0.4591). The findings are important in addressing gaps in the current GMO regulations and implementation aimed at increasing awareness of GMO technology as well as informing policy on biotechnology.
Heart Failure in a Young Adult with a Fine-Lubinsky Syndrome: An Unknown Comorbidity
Authors: Purtle Blake , Wagner Jason , Zarker Andrew , Patel Vishal , Aguilar David
Published: January 2024

The Fine-Lubinsky syndrome (FLS) is a rare congenital disorder. Heart failure has not been described in young adults with this condition. Here, we report the first case of heart failure in a young adult patient with FLS. This finding highlights the need for further investigation into cardiac complications in this illness.
Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck Fruit Peel Extract Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Boye Alex , Asiamah Ernest Amponsah , Martey Orleans , Ayertey Frederick
Published: January 2024

Background. Traditional herbal medicine practitioners in the Ashanti region of Ghana use the fruit peels of Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (C. limon) in preventive and curative treatment of many cancers including liver cancer. This ethnobotanical claim remains to be verified scientifically. Aim of the Study. This study investigated prophylactic hepatoprotective and anti-HCC effects of C. limon peel extract (LPE) in CCl4/olive oil-induced HCC-like rats. Materials and Methods. After preparation of LPE, it was subjected to phytochemical screening using standard phytochemical methods. A total of 30 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 150-200 g) were randomly assigned into six groups of 5 rats each. Rats in the control group received olive oil (5 mL/kg ip) twice weekly for 16 weeks. Rats in the model group received CCl4/olive oil (2 mL/kg, ip) twice weekly for 16 weeks. Rats in capecitabine (10 mg/kg po) and LPE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg po) groups received CCl4/olive oil (2 mL/kg, i.p) in the morning and their respective treatments in the afternoon twice a week for 16 weeks. Rats in all groups had free access to food and water ad libitum. Body weight and survival rates were monitored. Rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia, blood was collected, and liver and other organs were isolated. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), prothrombin time, bilirubin, C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha- (α-) fetoprotein (AFP), and liver histology were assessed. Results. Alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins were detected in LPE. Model rats demonstrated increased serum levels of AFP, CRP, ALP, GGT, ALT, and AST, prothrombin time, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, blood lymphocyte, and monocyte counts, but decreased serum albumin and total protein compared to control rats. Unlike the control, model rats demonstrated fat accumulation in periportal and centrilobular hepatocytes and neoplastic transformation. Semiquantitation of periodic acid Schiff- (PAS-) stained liver sections showed decreased glycogen storage in hepatocytes of model rats compared to control rats. Compared to the model, LPE treatment protected against CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, which was evidenced by decreased AFP, CRP, liver enzymes, total and direct bilirubin, prothrombin time, and blood lymphocyte and monocyte counts; attenuation of fat accumulation; and increased glycogen storage, albumin, and total protein. Conclusion. LPE abates CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by attenuating liver inflammation and improving metabolic, biosynthetic, and detoxification functions of the liver. The prophylactic hepatoprotective and anti-hepatocarcinogenic effects of LPE are attributable to its phytochemical composition raising hopes of finding potential anticancer bioactive compounds from C. limon fruit peels.
Effect of Source Type on Pore Structure and Properties of Aerated Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Mohammed Luma D. , Hilal Ameer A. , Alwan Ghada H.
Published: January 2024

A study has been carried out to produce environmentally friendly lightweight concrete by substituting cement with alternative geopolymer binders. Fly ash and silica fume (waste materials) were used as source materials and their effect on pore structure and properties of aerated geopolymer concrete was evaluated. Autoclaved aerated concrete, locally known as thermostone, was supplied from the market and tested as a reference mix. Three aerated geopolymer concrete mixes (around 550 kg/m3 density) were produced by mixing source materials (fly ash and silica fume), activator solution (sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide), and aeration agent (aluminum powder). It was found that by not only enhancing the pore structure but also improving the binder medium, the aerated geopolymer mixes were stronger and less absorbed than the autoclaved aerated concrete mix. However, the thermal insulation of the aerated concrete mix was better than those of aerated geopolymer concrete mixes. In terms of the source material, it was found that usage of fly ash helped in enhancing the strength by about 100% of autoclaved aerated concrete. In addition, unless its lowest density, aerated geopolymer mix made with fly ash and silica fume in combination absorbed less water than the other investigated mixes. Adding superplasticizer to the geopolymer mix helped in enhancing its pore structure by making the pores smaller, their irregularity lesser, and their number higher. In general, an environmentally friendly lightweight material with strength and absorption better than those of autoclaved aerated concrete was produced by adopting a geopolymerization process.
Awake Surgery for Tumors of the Parietal Lobe: A Preliminary Experience with a New Protocol of Intraoperative Neuropsychological Test for the Monitoring of the Sensory Area Function
Authors: Scerrati Alba , De Bonis Pasquale , Gelmi Clarissa A. E. , Milani Paola , Labanti Stefania , Stefanelli Sara , Gragnaniello Daniela , Travaglini Francesco , Mantovani Giorgio , Angelini Chiara , Cavallo Michele Alessandro
Published: January 2024

Background. Nowadays, there is a lack of studies reporting techniques for the selective monitoring of the primary somatosensory cortex and the adjacent areas of the superior and inferior parietal lobules. We hypothesized a more specific and targeted test for awake surgery for monitoring the sensory area during resection of tumors involving it. Materials and Methods. We collected patients suffering from tumors involving the parietal areas and undergoing awake surgery for the resection. Intraoperative standard neurophysiological monitoring was performed, and we added a new intraoperative test. It consisted of a series of different objects with standard 3D conformations. The patient was asked to recognize the object shape using only the tactile sensibility, without seeing the object itself; in some cases, he was also asked to put the object in the corresponding hole, according to the shape. Results. We collected 6 patients. One patient with a right parieto‐occipital lesion, at the stimulation of the anterior cortical margin of the surgical field, showed problems in naming the objects and collocating them in the corresponding spaces, while he was touching them with the left hand. Therefore, the areas of proprioception and perception of the objects were mapped and numbered. This deficit got better in the postoperative days with a total remission of the ideomotor apraxia and the psychomotor slowdown. The other 5 patients did not show an impairment with the new test. Conclusions. This is a preliminary study with the aim of enhancing the specificity of the neuropsychological test performed during awake surgery to allow the surgeon to monitor the neurological functions of the parietal cortex. More cases are needed to validate it.
In Vitro Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Cention N and Its Comparison with Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) Restorative Material as Used in Primary Teeth
Authors: Pai Deepika , Anirudhmaadhava P. A. , Ginjupalli Kishore
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives. The child’s behaviour and cooperating ability are a crucial factor in deciding the restorative material for pediatric patients. Among the adhesive materials, glass ionomer cement has been the choice of restorative material while restoring primary teeth. However, due to poor physical properties such as wear resistance and water sorption, resin modified glass ionomer cements and composites that are light-cured adhesive restorative materials are preferred. Since the introduction of Cention N, as a self-cured smart alkasite material for restoration, some studies have demonstrated superior mechanical properties in comparison with conventional glass ionomers, modified glass ionomers, and composites. Predominantly, these studies evaluated properties such as microleakage, fluoride release, and marginal adaptation. We conducted this study to evaluate the compressive strength, flexural strength, and shear bond strength of Cention N in the primary teeth. Methods. 22 specimens prepared with Cention and RMGIC were embedded in primary teeth mounted in acrylic for analysing shear bond strength. Shear bond strength was analysed using a universal testing machine. The modes of failure in samples were observed under a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. 22 customised samples of Cention N and RMGIC were prepared and categorised as group A and group B, respectively. The flexural and compressive strengths of these samples were evaluated using a universal testing machine. Results. The shear bond strength of RMGIC was higher than that of Cention N, whereas the compressive and flexural strengths of Cention N were significantly higher than those of RMGIC. The modes of failure were predominantly adhesive followed by mixed failures. Conclusion. The results of this study suggest that Cention N demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared with RMGIC and can therefore be recommended for restorations in primary posterior teeth. Cention N being a smart, esthetic, self-cured, or dual-cured material with better mechanical properties offers a wide range of applicability in primary teeth.
Exploring the Effects of Different 1-MCP Concentration Treatment on Chilling Injury of Postharvest Peach Fruit
Authors: Zhao Yaoyao , Song Congcong , Lin Qiong , Duan Yuquan
Published: January 2024

Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) fruit are susceptible to chilling injury that is often manifested as browning of the internal flesh. As the ethylene antagonist, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is an important contributor to resist chilling stress during peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) storage at low temperatures, but the molecular mechanism of it is still elusive. The study examined in detail the effects of two concentrations (1 and 2 μL·L−1) of 1-MCP on alleviating chilling injury (CI) of postharvest peach fruit stored at 4 ± 0.5°C. The results showed that although all treatments relieved CI, treatment with 1 μL·L−1 more effectively alleviated CI symptoms of postharvest peach fruit than 2 μL·L−1. The internal browning (IB) and weight loss were significantly inhibited by 1 μL·L−1 1-MCP. Lower concentration of 1-MCP maintained normal softening by decreasing the gene expression of expansin (Exp) 1,3, polygalacturonase (PG) 3, and pectate lyase (PLY) 1, 2, 3 and increased the content of soluble sugar during the whole storage period. Meanwhile, the activities of polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase (PME), and endo-1,4-β-glucanase (EGase) were reduced by lower concentration of 1-MCP. Our results demonstrate that 1-MCP inhibited CI by suppressing the degradation of cell wall. This study provides a theoretical basis for revealing that 1-MCP alleviates chilling injury in peach fruit.
Supplementary Video S1A from Gain-of-Function p53 Mutation Acts as a Genetic Switch for TGFβ Signaling–Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Intestinal Tumors
Authors: Wang Dong , Nakayama Mizuho , Hong Chang Pyo , Oshima Hiroko , Oshima Masanobu
Published: January 2024

Time-lapse analysis of activin-treated organoids
Supplementary Table S2 from Leveraging Tissue-Specific Enhancer–Target Gene Regulatory Networks Identifies Enhancer Somatic Mutations That Functionally Impact Lung Cancer
Authors: Hariprakash Judith Mary , Salviato Elisa , La Mastra Federica , Sebestyén Endre , Tagliaferri Ilario , Silva Raquel Sofia , Lucini Federica , Farina Lorenzo , Cinquanta Mario , Rancati Ilaria , Riboni Mirko , Minardi Simone Paolo , Roz Luca , Gorini Francesca , Lanzuolo Chiara , Casola Stefano , Ferrari Francesco
Published: January 2024

Lung cancer cohort used in the study
Data from Hypoxic Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Secrete miR-140–5p and miR-28–3p That Target SPRED1 to Confer Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Zhang Hui , Du Zhimin , Tu Chenggong , Zhou Xinyan , Menu Eline , Wang Jinheng
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC)–derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) promote drug resistance to bortezomib in multiple myeloma cells. Elucidating the components of BMSC sEV that induce drug resistance in multiple myeloma cells could help identify strategies to overcome resistance. Considering the hypoxic nature of the myeloma microenvironment, we explored the role of hypoxia in regulating BMSC sEV cargo and investigated whether hypoxia-driven sEV miRNAs contribute to the drug resistance in multiple myeloma cells. Hypoxia increased the release of sEVs from BMSCs, and these sEVs more strongly attenuated bortezomib sensitivity in multiple myeloma cells than sEVs from BMSCs under normoxic conditions. RNA sequencing revealed that significantly elevated levels of miR-140–5p and miR-28–3p were enclosed in hypoxic BMSC-derived sEVs. Both miR-140–5p and miR-28–3p conferred bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma cells by synergistically targeting SPRED1, a member of the Sprouty protein family that regulates MAPK activation. SPRED1 inhibition reduced sensitivity to bortezomib in multiple myeloma cells through activating MAPK-related pathways and significantly promoted multiple myeloma bortezomib resistance and tumor growth in a mouse model. These findings shed light on the role of hypoxia-induced miRNAs shuttled in BMSC-derived sEVs to multiple myeloma cells in inducing drug resistance and identify the miR-140–5p/miR-28–3p/SPRED1/MAPK pathway as a potential targetable axis for treating multiple myeloma.
Significance:
Hypoxia induces stromal cells to secrete extracellular vesicles with increased miR-140–5p and miR-28–3p that are transferred to multiple myeloma cells and drive drug resistance by increasing the MAPK signaling.
Supplementary Table 2 from Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Mutation Profile and Mutation Signature-Based Clustering Associated with Prognosis in Appendiceal Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Authors: Lin Yu-Lin , Zhu Jun-Qi , Ma Rui-Qing , Meng Wei , Wang Zi-Yue , Li Xin-Bao , Ma Ru , Wu He-Liang , Xu Hong-Bin , Gao Ying , Li Yan
Published: January 2024

Mutation characteristics of 49 PMP and site mutation information of the top 20 gene mutations
Supplementary Figure 2 from Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Mutation Profile and Mutation Signature-Based Clustering Associated with Prognosis in Appendiceal Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Authors: Lin Yu-Lin , Zhu Jun-Qi , Ma Rui-Qing , Meng Wei , Wang Zi-Yue , Li Xin-Bao , Ma Ru , Wu He-Liang , Xu Hong-Bin , Gao Ying , Li Yan
Published: January 2024

The residual sum of square curve and percentage of explained variance curve of the different number of mutational signatures (2 – 30).
Figure S2 from Inhibition of PRL2 Upregulates PTEN and Attenuates Tumor Growth in Tp53-deficient Sarcoma and Lymphoma Mouse Models
Authors: Nguele Meke Frederick , Bai Yunpeng , Ruiz-Avila Diego , Carlock Colin , Ayub Jinan , Miao Jinmin , Hu Yanyang , Li Qinglin , Zhang Zhong-Yin
Published: January 2024

Experiemental design for tamoxifen inducible Tp53 deletion w/o Prl2 deletion
Figure S1 from Inhibition of PRL2 Upregulates PTEN and Attenuates Tumor Growth in Tp53-deficient Sarcoma and Lymphoma Mouse Models
Authors: Nguele Meke Frederick , Bai Yunpeng , Ruiz-Avila Diego , Carlock Colin , Ayub Jinan , Miao Jinmin , Hu Yanyang , Li Qinglin , Zhang Zhong-Yin
Published: January 2024

Representative flowchart for flow cytometry analysis
FIGURE 4 from Inhibition of PRL2 Upregulates PTEN and Attenuates Tumor Growth in Tp53-deficient Sarcoma and Lymphoma Mouse Models
Authors: Nguele Meke Frederick , Bai Yunpeng , Ruiz-Avila Diego , Carlock Colin , Ayub Jinan , Miao Jinmin , Hu Yanyang , Li Qinglin , Zhang Zhong-Yin
Published: January 2024

Prl2 deletion inhibits tumor cell proliferation but not apoptosis in tamoxifen-inducible Tp53−/− mice. A, Representative Western blot analysis for proliferation marker PCNA and apoptosis markers c-PARP and c-caspase 3 from thymic lymphoma samples obtained 12 weeks after tamoxifen treatment. B, Dot plots for quantification of proliferation and apoptosis markers relative to actin and total protein control respectively for Western blots in A. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Tp53−/− n = 12–20, Tp53−/−; Prl2−/− n = 11–14. C, Representative IHC stain using PCNA marker to compare proliferation in inducible Tp53−/− and Tp53−/−; Prl2−/− thymic lymphomas. *, P < 0.05.
FIGURE 1 from Inhibition of PRL2 Upregulates PTEN and Attenuates Tumor Growth in Tp53-deficient Sarcoma and Lymphoma Mouse Models
Authors: Nguele Meke Frederick , Bai Yunpeng , Ruiz-Avila Diego , Carlock Colin , Ayub Jinan , Miao Jinmin , Hu Yanyang , Li Qinglin , Zhang Zhong-Yin
Published: January 2024

PRL2 expression inversely correlates with PTEN and survival in human patients with sarcoma. A, Scatter plot of PRL2 mRNA data showing the increased expression of PRL2 mRNA in patients with TCGA SARC with TP53 mutations. Patient samples were divided into TP53 WT group (n = 159) and TP53 mutated group (n = 82) based on TP53 mutation status, and PRL2 mRNA level of the two groups were plotted. B, Scatter plot of RPPA data of PTEN protein showing the decreased expression of PTEN protein in patients with SARC with TP53 mutations. Patient samples were divided into TP53 WT group (n = 122) and TP53 mutated group (n = 67) based on TP53 mutation status, and PTEN protein level of the two groups were plotted. C, Scatter plot of RPPA data showing the reverse correlation between the mRNA levels of PRL2 and protein levels of PTEN in patients with TCGA SARC. Patient samples were divided into low PRL2 (n = 35) and high PRL2 (n = 33) groups based on the PRL2 mRNA level, and then the PTEN protein level of the two groups were plotted. D, Scatter plot of RPPA data showing no correlation between the mRNA levels of PRL2 and protein levels of p53 in patients with TCGA SARC. Patient samples were divided into low PRL2 (n = 35) and high PRL2 (n = 33) groups based on the PRL2 mRNA level, and then the p53 protein level of the two groups were plotted. E, Patients with high PRL2 mRNA level (n = 43) have significantly reduced probability of survival than that with low PRL2 mRNA level (n = 39) in SARC by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. F, Correlation between PRL2 mRNA and cell cycle–related gene expression in TCGA sarcoma patient samples (n = 223). G, PTEN mutation status in TCGA sarcoma patient samples (n = 253). For statistics, *, P < 0.05. ***, P < 0.001.
Automatic Change Detection in Interwoven Sequences: A Visual Mismatch Negativity Study
Authors: Csikós Nóra , Petro Bela , Kojouharova Petia , Gaál Zsófia Anna , Czigler István
Published: January 2024

In this study, we investigated whether the cognitive system, known to be able to register regular visual event sequences and the violation of these sequences automatically, had the capacity of processing two sequences simultaneously. To this end, we measured the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) component of ERPs as interwoven event sequences simultaneously presented to the left and right side of the screen. One of the sequences consisted of geometric patterns (diamonds); the other, photographs of human faces. In successive cycles, parts of the stimuli vanished and then re-appeared (the OFF/ON method). The vanishing parts served as either standard (frequently vanishing parts) or infrequent (deviant) events, but these events were task-irrelevant. The 20 adult participants (age 21.40 ± 2.72 years) performed a visual tracking task, with the OFF/ON task being a passive oddball paradigm. According to the results, both OFF and ON events, and both diamond and face stimuli elicited the vMMN component, showing that the system underlying this activity is capable of processing two event sequences if the sequences consist of fairly different kind of objects as stimuli. The sLORETA analysis showed that the source of vMMN was more frequent contralaterally to the deviant event, and the sources comprised loci from ventral and dorsal structures, as well as some anterior loci.
Effector-independent Representations Guide Sequential Target Selection Biases in Action
Authors: O'Bryan Sean R. , Moher Jeff , McCarthy J. Daniel , Song Joo-Hyun
Published: January 2024

Previous work shows that automatic attention biases toward recently selected target features transfer across action and perception and even across different effectors such as the eyes and hands on a trial-by-trial basis. Although these findings suggest a common neural representation of selection history across effectors, the extent to which information about recently selected target features is encoded in overlapping versus distinct brain regions is unknown. Using fMRI and a priming of pop-out task where participants selected unpredictable, uniquely colored targets among homogeneous distractors via reach or saccade, we show that color priming is driven by shared, effector-independent underlying representations of recent selection history. Consistent with previous work, we found that the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) was commonly activated on trials where target colors were switched relative to those where the colors were repeated; however, the dorsal anterior insula exhibited effector-specific activation related to color priming. Via multivoxel cross-classification analyses, we further demonstrate that fine-grained patterns of activity in both IPS and the medial temporal lobe encode information about selection history in an effector-independent manner, such that ROI-specific models trained on activity patterns during reach selection could predict whether a color was repeated or switched on the current trial during saccade selection and vice versa. Remarkably, model generalization performance in IPS and medial temporal lobe also tracked individual differences in behavioral priming sensitivity across both types of action. These results represent a first step to clarify the neural substrates of experience-driven selection biases in contexts that require the coordination of multiple actions.
Ground beetles of the tribes Chlaeniini Brullé, 1834 and Rhopalomelini Alluaud, 1930 (Carabidae: Licininae) of Guinea-Bissau: description of two new species and faunistic notes
Authors: SERRANO ARTUR R. M.
Published: January 2024

Two new species of ground beetles of the genus Chlaenius Bonelli, 1810 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Guinea-Bissau are described: C. (Chlaeniostenus) kirschenhoferi n. sp. and C. (Chlaeniostenus) silvai n. sp., together with illustrations of their habitus and aedeagus. An annotated checklist of 20 species and subspecies of the tribes Chlaeniini and Rhopalomelini is provided, including data on general distribution, new country and new distribution records at country level. The list includes novel information from two entomological missions to that country carried out in 2006 and 2009 and also corrigenda data on previous published species. A new synonymy is established: Chlaenius (Paracallistoides) opisthographus Alluaud, 1934 is proposed as a junior synonym of Chlaenius (Chlaenius) zygogrammus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1851. Further, a dichotomic key is made available for the identification of the Guinea-Bissau species of Chlaenius (Chlaeniostenus) Kuntzen, 1919 subgenus. A historical review, as well as some considerations on the distribution and conservation status of these beetles in Guinea-Bissau is also presented.
Five new species of Apobaetis Day (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) and updated key to nymphs
Authors: LIMA CLAUDIA R. T. DE , CRUZ PAULO VILELA , HAMADA NEUSA
Published: January 2024

This study focuses on the Baetidae family of Ephemeroptera, particularly the Pan-American genus Apobaetis Day, 1955, in Brazil. Baetidae is the second richest family in this order, with over 1100 species globally. Although extensively studied in Brazil, there is still a considerable Linnean deficit, emphasizing the need for further exploration and identification. This research reveals that in-depth studies of specific groups often lead to the discovery of new species and corrections to existing records, enhancing the accuracy of identification. We conducted a detailed study of Apobaetis resulting in the identification of five new species: A. dalcolmoae sp. nov., A. danielae sp. nov., A. nisiae sp. nov., A. sabinoae sp. nov., and A. trivellae sp. nov., each described here from nymphs and distinguished by specific morphological features. The study provides detailed comparisons with existing species, emphasizing characteristics such as maxillary palp, paraproct, glossa shape, and setae presence. We also propose an updated identification key to aid in the recognition of all Apobaetis species known in the nymphal stage. We also address the distribution of certain species in Brazil, pointing out potential misidentifications and the need for further revision. In conclusion, the research expands the known species within Apobaetis to 22. The findings underscore the importance of continuous taxonomic studies for accurate species identification and pave the way for future evolutionary research within this genus.
A new species of Elimaea (Poaefoliana) Ingrisch (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China
Authors: WU CHAO , LI XIN-YI , LIU CHUN-XIANG
Published: January 2024

One new species of leaf katydids, Elimaea (Poaefoliana) kiukiangensis sp. nov. from the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains region, is described, based on recently collected material. Illustrations of mounted specimens including male genitalia, and habitat images are provided. A distribution map is also provided. The types are deposited in Insect Collection of Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS).
Anglican Political Theology
Authors: Bretherton Luke
Published: January 2024

This essay develops a constructive account of the ways Anglicans have addressed political questions. The first section outlines the characteristic political rationality of Anglican political theology (APT). This provides a backdrop to a consideration of the relationship between three distinct yet interrelated phenomena—church, nation, and state—and how they were understood as together constituting a polity. The second half situates APT in the context of how Anglicanism, from its origins, is in part a response to processes of modernization, particularly as these emerged in the Atlantic world from the fifteenth century onwards. It then outlines how key concerns of APT emphasize a way of imagining the role of church and nation within history, with providence as an important doctrinal point of reference. The essay closes with some critical reflections on how APT can and should develop going forward.
Ballistic performance of monolithic rubber-ceramic composite armor
Authors: Octavian Jitarasu , Simona Lache
Published: January 2024

This work presents the research results regarding the ballistic response characteristics of monolithic ceramic armors. Two different configurations of armors are considered for investigation, aiming at identifying ways to increase the ballistic performance of Small Arms Protective Insert (SAPI). The first configuration consists of a monolithic ceramic tile (Al2O3) with a backing plate made of high-performance Kevlar-29 fiber reinforced composite; the second one has the same design as the first, but the monolithic ceramic tile is covered by a thin rubber layer. The impact behavior of the ceramic composite armors is analyzed numerically, using the finite element method. Some characteristic features, including the ballistic performance and the fracture conoid angle (for the ceramic tile) are discussed. The numerical models developed for the two armor configurations are validated by ballistic tests, where the projectile impact on the armors and the mechanical integrity of the armor systems after impact are observed. The results from simulations and experiments show that the Al2O3/Kevlar 29 composite armor is able to capture a 7.62 mm bullet with a striking velocity of 690 m/s and the rubber-ceramic composite armor is able to capture 5.56 × 45 mm bullet M855 (with an armor piercing tip) with an impact velocity of 894 m/s. It has been found that, when a rubber layer is placed on the front face of a ceramic composite armor, better ballistic performance is achieved. The experiments show that, when a rubber material is impacted by a projectile, its behavior at high velocities and high strain rates changes from elastic to brittle.
“Just Trying to Make it Through”: Understanding Transitions Into Motherhood Among Young Black Women Amidst Trauma, Racism, and Structural Oppression
Authors: Wycoff Kirby L. , Dunbar Alexis S. , Felter Jeanne , Bohn Gareth , Foleno Felicia , Wilson Jessica , Miller Joy
Published: January 2024

This study used critical interpretive phenomenological analysis to explore the lived experiences and phenomena of motherhood of five young Black women in Pennsylvania as they transition into motherhood. The core themes that emerged were systemic inequities, kinship, survival, and apprehension around the transition to motherhood. Additional analysis suggested that racism, structural oppression, childhood trauma, healthcare coercion, perinatal mental health distress, family chaos, poverty and economic insecurity, and birthing trauma were also relevant. These findings suggest that experiences from throughout the life course, including early trauma, may influence the journey to motherhood and may be intimately connected to mental health before, during, and after pregnancy. If clinicians and policy makers can better understand the lived experiences of Black women transitioning into motherhood, they can better engage in authentic, collaborative, patient-centered care.
Tasks, sacrifices and digitized rituals: Interpellating the Indian subject through rites of nationalism
Authors: Kumar Sangeet
Published: January 2024

This essay advances the concept of ritualized nationalism in order to understand the rise of right wing populism in India. It analyzes Narendra Modi’s strategy of assigning tasks and seeking sacrifices from citizens in the name of nation building to understand how it has helped make nationalism a pervasive phenomenon that is unprecedented in India’s history. The essay utilizes the theory of rituals to claim that the prescribed formats of Modi’s tasks and assignments allow those actions to be distinct and mark the doer as “nationalists” in the digital domain as opposed to those not participating. This has further helped foster and inculcate a nationalistic subject who emerges from the ritual of completing the assigned tasks and publicizing its evidence on social media as an agent who embodies the jingoistic and muscular form of nationalism prevalent in India today. By showing how this process plays out across a series of assigned tasks and sacrifices during Modi’s era, the essay hopes to both add to explanations about the rise of right wing nationalism in India while also showing that each global iteration of populist nationalism has a distinct trajectory and motivation.
The International Classification of Headache Disorders: History and future perspectives
Authors: Olesen Jes
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) is universally accepted and forms the basis of headache management and clinical, experimental and pharmacological headache research. The present review summarizes the history of the three different editions of the classification, concentrating on aspects of general interest that are still valid today.

Methods

The article is based on the memory of the chairperson of three editions of the International Classification and on his notes in the work copies and published scientific classification studies.

Results

Many of the crucial issues in headache classification are discussed in the review of the different editions. Some have been resolved and some remain unresolved. The 11th edition of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD) has been developed in close contact with the International Headache Society classification committee and is in fact an abbreviated version of ICHD-3. The principles of the ICHD have also been used by the International Association for Study of Pain in developing a pain classification now included in ICD-11. The many points of discussion of each of the three editions are still relevant for headache experts and all those who care for headache patients.

Conclusion

Headache classification is a living and developing discipline of research. Here, the gradual expansion and refinement of the classification through 3 different editions are discussed with a view to present day relevance.
An Update on Orthobiologics: Cautious Optimism
Authors: Nelson Patrick A. , George Tom , Bowen Edward , Sheean Andrew J. , Bedi Asheesh
Published: January 2024

Orthobiologics are rapidly growing in use given their potential to augment healing for multiple musculoskeletal conditions. Orthobiologics consist of a variety of treatments including platelet-rich plasma and stem cells that provide conceptual appeal in providing local delivery of growth factors and inflammation modulation. The lack of standardization in nomenclature and applications within the literature has led to a paucity of high-quality evidence to support their frequent use. The purpose of this review was to describe the current landscape of orthobiologics and the most recent evidence regarding their use.
Abnormal Wrist Sagittal Kinematics in Gymnasts With Dorsal Wrist Pain: A New Syndrome
Authors: Sekiguchi Takahiro , Saito Shinobu , Ogura Takahiro , Tsuchiya Akihiro , Shiratsuchi Hideaki
Published: January 2024

Background:

The pathology of dorsal wrist pain in gymnasts without abnormal radiographic findings remains unclear.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to identify abnormal wrist sagittal kinematics in gymnasts with dorsal wrist pain. It was hypothesized that gymnasts with dorsal wrist pain would show abnormal sagittal kinematics with reversible hypermobility of the intercarpal joint.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Participants included 19 wrists in male gymnasts with dorsal wrist pain, 18 wrist in male gymnasts without wrist pain, and 20 adult men without a history of wrist pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (T2-weighted sagittal images) findings at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of wrist extension were used in kinematic analysis. The angles and translations of the radiolunate, capitolunate, and third carpometacarpal joint were measured and compared between the 3 groups.

Results:

At 90° of wrist extension, gymnasts with dorsal wrist pain had a significantly lower radiolunate joint angle (28.70°± 6.28° vs 36.19°± 7.81°; P = .020) and a significantly higher capitolunate joint angle (57.99°± 6.15° vs 50.50°± 6.98°; P = .004) and distal translation (1.17 ± 0.50 mm vs 0.46 ± 0.62 mm; P = .002) than gymnasts without dorsal wrist pain.

Conclusion:

Gymnasts with dorsal wrist pain showed abnormal wrist sagittal kinematics. These novel findings may facilitate understanding of dorsal wrist pain, which can be recognized as a new syndrome termed “gymnast’s lunate dyskinesia.”
Prevalence and Predictors of Concomitant Meniscal and Ligamentous Injuries Associated With ACL Surgery: An Analysis of 20 Years of ACL Reconstruction at a Tertiary Care Children’s Hospital
Authors: Pruneski James A. , Heyworth Benton E. , Kocher Mininder S. , Tavabi Nazgol , Milewski Matthew D. , Kramer Dennis E. , Christino Melissa A. , Yen Yi-Meng , Micheli Lyle J. , Murray Martha M. , Gilreath Leah , Kim Alexander , Murray Joseph , Kiapour Ata M.
Published: January 2024

Background:

There is an increasing rate of procedures being performed for concomitant injuries during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. Few studies have examined risk factors for these associated injuries in young patients.

Hypothesis:

There are patient-related factors predictive of concomitant knee pathology that differ between age-based cohorts.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Natural language processing was used to extract clinical variables from available notes of patients undergoing ACL surgery between 2000 and 2020 at a single institution (5174 ACL surgeries; mean age, 17 ± 4 years; 53.1% female; accuracy, >98%). Patients were stratified to pediatric (5-13 years), adolescent (14-19 years), and young adult (20-35 years) cohorts. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of concomitant injury to the menisci, medial collateral ligament (MCL), posterolateral corner (PLC), and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).

Results:

Between 2000 and 2020, 54% of pediatric, 71% of adolescent, and 70% of adult patients had ≥1 concomitant soft tissue injury. In children and adolescents, increased age was consistently predictive of sustaining a concomitant injury ( P < .02). Female children had increased odds of concomitant medial meniscal injury, while female adults had decreased odds ( P≤ .046). Adolescent and adult female patients had decreased odds of concomitant lateral meniscal injury ( P≤ .027). Female children had increased odds of injury to the MCL ( P = .015), whereas female children and adolescents had decreased odds of PCL injury ( P≤ .044). Adolescents undergoing revision ACL surgery had increased odds of meniscal injury ( P≤ .001) and decreased odds of concomitant MCL injury ( P = .028). Increased body mass index (BMI) was associated with increased odds of concomitant medial meniscal injury in all cohorts ( P≤ .041), lateral meniscal injury in adults ( P = .045), and PLC injury in children ( P = .016). Contact injuries were associated with increased odds of MCL injury in adolescents ( P = .017) and PLC injury in adolescents and adults ( P < .014).

Conclusion:

These findings support the hypothesis, as there were multiple factors that significantly affected the risk of concomitant injuries that differed between cohorts. Increased age, BMI, and contact injury history were generally associated with increased odds of sustaining a concomitant injury, whereas female sex and revision ACL surgery had mixed effects. Further studies are essential to investigate the sex-based differences in risk for concomitant injuries and to develop tailored treatment plans that minimize the risk of secondary ACL injury.