bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Prohepcidin, Inflammatory Markers and Iron Status in Resistance to rhEPO Therapy in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Costa Elísio , Pereira Brian J.G. , Rocha-Pereira Petronila , Rocha Susana , Reis Flávio , Castro Elisabeth , Teixeira Frederico , Miranda Vasco , do Sameiro Faria Maria , Loureiro Alfredo , Quintanilha Alexandre , Belo Luís , Santos-Silva Alice
Published: March 2008

The aim of our study was to assess possible relations between prohepcidin, iron status and inflammatory markers in hemodialysis (HD) patients, as well as its association with resistance to recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) therapy. Fifty HD patients and 25 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Among HD patients, 25 were non-responders and 25 were responders to rhEPO therapy. Complete blood cell count, reticulocyte count, and circulating levels of ferritin, iron, transferrin saturation, C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (s-IL2R), soluble transferrin receptor (s-TfR), IL-6 and prohepcidin were measured in all patients and controls. HD patients showed higher circulating levels of ferritin, s-TfR, CRP, IL-6, s-IL2R and prohepcidin, and lower levels of transferrin compared to healthy controls. Higher levels of s-TfR, CRP and lower levels prohepcidin were observed among non-responders compared to responders. Prohepcidin levels correlated negatively with s-TfR and reticulocyte count. The weekly rhEPO/kg dose was found to be positively correlated with CRP, hemoglobin and s-TfR. In conclusion, our data show that a close interaction exists between inflammation, iron status and prohepcidin serum levels that ultimately regulate intracellular iron availability. Prohepcidin and s-TfR, together with CRP, may prove to be good markers of resistance to rhEPO therapy in HD patients.
Aging and Reproduction in Social Insects – A Mini-Review
Authors: Heinze Jürgen , Schrempf Alexandra
Published: March 2008

Perennial social insects are characterized by the extraordinarily long lifespan of their reproductive females, which may be tens or hundreds of times larger than that of non-social insects of similar body size and also greatly surpasses that of conspecific non-reproductives. Evolutionary theories of aging explain this phenomenon from the low extrinsic mortality queens experience once they have successfully established their colony. The aim of our review is to summarize recent findings on the ultimate and proximate causes of increased queen longevity in social insects, in particular ants and honey bees. While progress is being made in elucidating the interrelations between the vitellogenin, juvenile hormone, fecundity, and senescence, we feel that the explanation for the comparatively short lifespan of queens in multi-queen societies is as yet not satisfactory and needs further attention, both concerning its proximate and ultimate basis.
Abdominal Obesity and the Risk of All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality
Authors: Zhang Cuilin , Rexrode Kathryn M. , van Dam Rob M. , Li Tricia Y. , Hu Frank B.
Published: March 2008

Background—

Accumulating evidence indicates that abdominal adiposity is positively related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and some other diseases independently of overall adiposity. However, the association of premature death resulting from these diseases with abdominal adiposity has not been widely studied, and findings are inconsistent.

Methods and Results—

In a prospective cohort study of 44 636 women in the Nurses’ Health Study, associations of abdominal adiposity with all-cause and cause-specific mortality were examined. During 16 years of follow-up, 3507 deaths were identified, including 751 cardiovascular deaths and 1748 cancer deaths. After adjustment for body mass index and potential confounders, the relative risks across the lowest to the highest waist circumference quintiles were 1.00, 1.11, 1.17, 1.31, and 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47 to 1.98) for all-cause mortality; 1.00, 1.04, 1.04, 1.28, and 1.99 (95% CI, 1.44 to 2.73) for CVD mortality; and 1.00, 1.18, 1.20, 1.34, and 1.63 (95% CI, 1.32 to 2.01) for cancer mortality (all
P
<0.001 for trend). Among normal-weight women (body mass index, 18.5 to <25 kg/m
2
), abdominal obesity was significantly associated with elevated CVD mortality: Relative risk associated with waist circumference ≥88 cm was 3.02 (95% CI, 1.31 to 6.99) and for waist-to-hip ratio >0.88 was 3.45 (95% CI, 2.02 to 6.92). After adjustment for waist circumference, hip circumference was significantly and inversely associated with CVD mortality.

Conclusions—

Anthropometric measures of abdominal adiposity were strongly and positively associated with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality independently of body mass index. Elevated waist circumference was associated with significantly increased CVD mortality even among normal-weight women.
Nonlinear Disintegration of the Internal Tide
Authors: Helfrich Karl R. , Grimshaw Roger H. J.
Published: March 2008

The disintegration of a first-mode internal tide into shorter solitary-like waves is considered. Since observations frequently show both tides and waves with amplitudes beyond the restrictions of weakly nonlinear theory, the evolution is studied using a fully nonlinear, weakly nonhydrostatic two-layer theory that includes rotation. In the hydrostatic limit, the governing equations have periodic, nonlinear inertia–gravity solutions that are explored as models of the nonlinear internal tide. These long waves are shown to be robust to weak nonhydrostatic effects. Numerical solutions show that the disintegration of an initial sinusoidal linear internal tide is closely linked to the presence of these nonlinear waves. The initial tide steepens due to nonlinearity and sheds energy into short solitary waves. The disintegration is halted as the longwave part of the solution settles onto a state close to one of the nonlinear hydrostatic solutions, with the short solitary waves superimposed. The degree of disintegration is a function of initial amplitude of the tide and the properties of the underlying nonlinear hydrostatic solutions, which, depending on stratification and tidal frequency, exist only for a finite range of amplitudes (or energies). There is a lower threshold below which no short solitary waves are produced. However, for initial amplitudes above another threshold, given approximately by the energy of the limiting nonlinear hydrostatic inertia–gravity wave, most of the initial tidal energy goes into solitary waves. Recent observations in the South China Sea are briefly discussed.
The Quantity and the Quality of Party Systems
Authors: Dalton Russell J.
Published: March 2008

Previous research claims that the number of parties affects the representation of social cleavages in voting behavior, election turnout, patterns of political conflict, and other party system effects. This article argues that research typically counts the quantity of parties and that often the more important property is the quality of party competition—the polarization of political parties within a party system. The author first discusses why polarization is important to study. Second, the author provides a new measurement of party system polarization based on voter perceptions of party positions in the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, which includes more than 50 separate elections from established and developing democracies. Third, the author compares party polarization and party fractionalization as influences on cleavage-based and ideological voting and as predictors of turnout levels. The finding is that party polarization is empirically more important in explaining these outcomes.
The Teaching of Social Work With Individuals, Groups, and Communities Introduction and Conclusion
Authors: Blackey Eileen
Published: March 2008

The IASSW takes pleasure in presenting a report of a European Regional Seminar sponsored by the Association and held in Edinburgh, Scotland from 10-20 September, 1962. Unfortu nately, space limitations preclude the publication of three background papers presented at the Seminar. It is hoped, however, that readers will obtain from the introductory and concluding statements and the general report reproduced in this issue a sense of the signi ficant questions dealt with in the Seminar.
International Federation of Social Workers News
Authors: Alexandraki Litsa
Published: March 2008

The Executive Committee and Permanent Council met in Athens in September. We believe our readers would be interested in the reports of the President and the Secretary-General presented at that time.
Factores Que Influyen En La Educacion Para El Servicio Social En Los Paises En Desarrollo
Authors: Manis Francis
Published: March 2008

El articulo que va a leerse, " Factores que Influyen en la Educación para el Servicio Social en los Paises en Desarrollo ", es una adaptación del libro titulado " Educación para el Servicio Social: Nuevos Enfoques para el Trabajo Práctico en los Paises en Desarrollo ". Los demás capítulos tratan sobre objectivos y formas de la educación para el servicio social en países en desarrollo, y principios de organización para el Travajo Práctico. El material central está basado en la intro ducción de una nueva estructura del proceso de ensenanza y de apren dizaje en el centro de practica. El autor, Francis Manis, ex miembro del personal de las Naciones Unidas, y en la actualidad, profesor del San Diege State College School of Social Work (Escuela Estatal de Servicio Social de San Diego, California), ha concluído recientemente un período de 10 años de servicio en Asia, el Medio Oriente y Africa.
Structure and Change of Structure in Social Welfare Organizations
Authors: Malare Gudrun
Published: March 2008

Four concrete models of structures in social welfare organizations characteristic of present western societies, and their reactions to changes which necessitate re structuring.
The Coverage of Social Insurance Schemes : Methodological Problems of International Comparisons
Authors: Alber Jens
Published: March 2008

["The following article is part of a larger data collection on participants of social insurance systems in Western Europe which is published as research report No. 4 of the HIWED project (Historical indicators of the Western European Democracies) at the Urriversity of Mannheim, W. Germany. The report contains qualitative and quantitative data, and the part reproduced here serves as the introduction to . the tables."
La formation des monitrices en mieux-être familial au Botswana
Authors: Kromberg Marit , Mashalaba N.N.
Published: March 2008

"Les conditions d'existence des communautés rurales ne seront pas vraiment améliorées par la pratique d'une médecine curative. L'amélioration dépend d'une formation graduelle des populations elles-mêmes dans le domaine des techniques élémentaires de médecine préventive. Pour diffuser cet enseignement, un corps de 250 monitrices en mieux-être familial sera formé en vue d'être affecté aux villages...

Cette opération-pilote fut poursuivie par le gouvernement au courant des deux dernières années. Une femme est sélectionnée par village pour suivre un stage de onze semaines en vue d'acquérir des connaissances de base d'hygiène personnelle et de santé publique, de nutrition, d'éducation sanitaire, de protection infantile et de contrôle des naissances. Elle apprend aussi à reconnaître et à soigner certaines maladies, telles que la gale, à identifier et prendre des mesures contre la malnutrition infantile, à suivre les tuberculeux ainsi que ceux qui pour raient le devenir. Les femmes sélectionnées ont le titre de monitrice en mieux-être familial; elles ont besoin d'encouragements et d'encadrement constant ainsi que de stages de perfectionnement dans le cadre de l'exercice de leurs fonctions."1
The Demand for Pre-School Care: an Aspect of the Problems of the Nigerian Working Mother
Authors: Fadayomi T.O.
Published: March 2008

One of the changes brought about by the increasing employment of women outside the home is the demand for both custodial and developmental care for their pre-school age children 1. The demand situation for extra-maternal child care in Nigeria seems to be aggravated by the gradual erosion of the traditional resources for extramaternal childcare such as the community of friends and relations, hired nursemaids and servants, and the inadequate provision of extrafamilial institutions such as nurseries and daycare centres. Rather than quantify the demand for extramaternal care for children, this study assesses the childcare arrangements of working mothers and inquires into the existing resources for meeting this demand both within and outside the household. It is concluded that demand for extramaternal childcare of both custodial and developmental nature is not fulfilled by existing resources.

Therefore, it is being suggested that an inventory of existing pre-school institutions such as nurseries and daycare centres, programmes for the improvement and expansion of these facilities would facilitate the participation of women in the labour force and their effective contribution to social and economic development.
How Many Single-Parent Families?
Authors: Lee Trevor R.
Published: March 2008

Despite the steady growth in their numbers, very little is known of single-parent families in Australia. Even estimations of the number of one-parent families are often crude and inaccurate. This paper outlines a simple procedure for deriving, from census data, a more realistic estimate of the number of one-parent families.
An Emerging Resource in U.S. Social Work—Professional Education of Bachelor Degree Personnel
Authors: Kilpatrick Allie C. , Shaffer Gary L.
Published: March 2008

Baccalaureate social work personnel in the United States have gone through a significant transformation during the past decade. Always a significant part of the social work labour force, they are now being prepared to assume a profes sional role. The two studies discussed in this paper highlight some of the current trends in Batchelor of Social Work programmes which have been accredited by the Council on Social Work Education since 1974. As this transition continues into the 1980's, the Baccalaureate practitioner will play an increasingly important role in the delivery of social services in the U.S.
Social Development
Authors: Omer Salima
Published: March 2008

Social Development is a term that has gained greater usage in the Last ten to fifteen years. It is a concept introduced by the U.N., adopted by developing countries and is gaining momentum in the U.S. This introductory article discusses the genesis, concebts and philosophical bases of social development. It also attempts to gain an understanding of the differences and or areas of agreement between social work, social welfare and social development.
Towards a Social Policy for Families of Multiple Infants
Authors: Goshen-Gottstein Esther R.
Published: March 2008

The last few decades have produced a steadily rising incidence of multiple infants. Dealing with several babies, grossly overtaxes the mother who cannot cope unaided.

The present social policy in Israel, regarding families of triplets and quadru plets, is that these families have nurse-maids working in their homes during the first six months of the infants' lives, the funding coming from the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare.
Decision Tables in Admission Procedures
Authors: Dean Luse F. , Meyer S. Ruth
Published: March 2008

A new approach to admissions decision making in schools of social work was developed by using decision tables. Existing admission policies were explicated and specific admissions requirements were developed for five types of applicants. The initial goal of reducing faculty time spent on reviewing applications was achieved and an important by-product is greater consistency in the decisions. Explicitness of the decision elements clarifies policy and facilitates analysis and research. Decision tables are amenable to manual or computer applications.
Social Work Education in the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Braun Jakob
Published: March 2008

This article describes social work education in the Federal Republic of Germany and how it is implemented in the Fachhochschulen, a type of profes sional school initiated in 1970/71. Following description of the educational system in Germany and the structural location of the Fachhochschulen consideration is given to curriculum and its organization within the Katholische Stiftungsfachho chschule in Munich as an example. Some comparisons are made to social work education in the United States.
Differences in Patterns of Value Orientation of Israeli and American Social Work Students and Faculty
Authors: Neikrug Shimshon , Blum Arthur
Published: March 2008

Cross-cultural studies of social work programs indicate that social workers in different countries differ in setting priorities, designing service delivery systems, and in their choices of practice interventions. Although there may be agreement on abstract concepts such as the dignity of the individual, the right to self-deter mination, etc., the operationalization of these concepts in actual programs and practice differ widely among social workers in different countries. This study represents an initial effort to identify differences in social work students and faculty in two countries, Israel and the United States. A questionnaire based on the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck approach to the definition and measurement of value orientations was administered to 231 Israeli and 135 American students, as well as 21 Israeli and 23 American faculty of professional schools of social work. Significant differences were found between Israeli students and faculty and the U.S. students and faculty on dominant value patterns. These differences were not found to vary between beginning and graduating students and, thus, were associated with cultural differences and not the educational process.
Social Development: the Economic, the Political, and the Normative Emphases
Authors: Cummings Robert E.
Published: March 2008

[This paper presents the possibility that a new definition of social development is emerging based upon global "value" transformations. Global value transformation can be found in such organizations as the United Nations, OPEC, and other international/ global organizations.

Definitions of social development are briefly reviewed, the relationship between social work and social development is explored, the traditional emphases of social development (economic and political) are presented, and finally, the normative emphasis as a emerging focus of social development is introduced.

An appendix which refers to social development and social change terminology is included.]
Deprofessionalisation of Social Service: Demands of Democracy or Pretensions to a New Power
Authors: Groulx Lionel
Published: March 2008

[Dualism, the very cancer of social service, corresponds to all the characteristics of a sterile debate. One feels trapped in absolutes, in formulae more doctrinaire than empi rical, where there is no room for facts, no search for solutions appropriate to the needs of the population.]
Her Father's Daughter Florence Davenport-Hill, 1829-1919
Authors: Horsburgh Michael
Published: March 2008

{Florence Hill was member of an English family with an impressive record in various aspects of Victorian social reform. As time passed, the members of the Hill family grew in social status and declined in reforming zeal. Florence, her sisters Rosamond and Joanna, and her cousin Caroline Emily Clark represented the last stage in the process. As middle class spinsters they expressed their views in an appropriate form, but managed nevertheless to have considerable effect. Florence devoted herself to the promotion of foster care which she did successfully on an international level, and to poor law administration as an early elected woman guardian of the poor. In all of her efforts she saw herself as acting in conformity with the heritage conveyed to her by her father.)
The Aged in Brazil
Authors: Elder Charles
Published: March 2008

This paper explores the process of ageing in Brazil and the efforts of the public and private sectors to develop gerontological programs and concepts that are geared to the needs of Brazilian society. Finally, a nursing home in Rio de Janeiro; "Casa Sao Luiz Para A Velhice" will be presented and discussed as an example of the progress that is being made in the field of aging in the urban centers of the country.

Developing countries Would do well to emulate the work done to achieve this particular goal by Brazil. It is a country of contrast regarding economic and social development, which extends from the most primitive to the ultra modern.
The Tilonia Experiment: Reaching the Rural 'Unreached'
Authors: Roy Sanjit
Published: March 2008

[Describing the aims and methods of the Social Work and Research Centre at Tilonia village in Rajasthan, India, Mr. Roy says that his project is very different from any other official or non-official agency for integrated rural development. The Tilonia movement has spread to half a dozen States, and expects further to extend operations this year, because, apart from providing physical facilities, expert advice and financial assistance, it is firmly identified with people who live below the poverty line. It champions their cause, exposes institutional exploitation and makes effective use of the under privileged peasant's native wisdom. In the process, says Mr. Roy, who is the Centre's founder-director, they are building up an alternative leadership of the future by investing in the development of people as against an impersonal infrastructure.]
"Traditional" Community Agencies and the Prevention of Mental Illness
Authors: Feldman Ronald A. , Stiffman Arlene R.
Published: March 2008

[This paper examines some of the unique problems encountered by developing nations and the impact of such problems on the provision of preventive mental health services for children and youths. Several prerequisites for effective program delivery are reviewed and synthesized in order to formulate the broad outlines of a potential prevention model for developing nations. A brief analysis of the GAIN (Group Activities for Individual Needs) Program reveals some of the parameters of such a model.]
Residential Care for Children Under the Tides of Change: an Empirical Study
Authors: Kochuthresia Sr. , Somen K. Suman
Published: March 2008

[The present paper tries to examine some of the basic assumptions related to the changing trends in residential care, with reference to its applicability to a few institu tions in Greater Bombay. Observational visits to a couple of child care institutions and discussions with the Sugeriatendents/Directors/Secretaries were the 'Modus Operandi' adopted by the researcher to collect the necessary information. The changing trends in residential care are analysed in terms of the functions, caring pattern and rehabilitatian system prevalent in each institution. The paper concludes with a few suggestions drawn from the researcher's experience and the available data).
Socioeconomic Factors in Adolescent Delinquency
Authors: Jejurikar N.D. , Shenvi N.S.
Published: March 2008

[In Bombay, 371 delinquent boys and girls were interviewed in order to study the various socioeconomic factors. In the majority of the cases, an adverse home environ ment played a major role. 45% of the boys and 50% of the girls had incurred loss of one or both the parents. Factors like poverty, large family size, nuclear family pattern and illiteracy had a great bearing in causing aberrant behaviour in these children. Involvement in sexual offences in the form of elopement and/or rape were observed in girls. In boys, stealing was a major reason for being in the observation home. 70% of the delinquents did not belong to proper Bombay. With rapid urbanisation, the problem of juvenile delinquency is bound to increase manifold in the next few decades}.
The Immigration of English- Speakers To Israel: 1981 & 1983
Authors: Roskin Michael , Edleson Jeffrey L.
Published: March 2008

[New immigrants represent a population at risk for increased emotional distress due to the number and frequency of major life changes they experience. Utilizing SCL-9Ø emotional health scores, this study describes the differing effects of immigration upon 162 recent English-speaking immigrants to Israel and compares them to the results of a similar study of 135 immigrants completed in 1981. In contrast to the 1981 study sample, it was found that among 1983 immigrants : (1) longer stays in immigrant absorption centers were not necessarily correlated with decreasing emotional health; (2) American immigrants were no different than other English-speakers on measures of emotional health; and (3) separation problems were considered the area of greatest difficulty compared to the earlier immigrants' claim that interactions with the complex Israeli bureaucracy was its most difficult adjustment. In both groups greater emotional health was associated with the presence of at least one relative or friend upon arrival in the country].
Social Work and Disadvantage: Developing an Analysis of Disadvantage To Inform Social Work Practice
Authors: Brown Christopher , Hyung Shik Kim
Published: March 2008

[Is there something distinct about the way in which social workers develop, analyse and apply certain knowledge to their day-to-day practice? One critical area of social work knowledge variously referred to as 'social problems', 'social welfare problems' or 'disadvantage' could be usefully subjected to more systematic analysis. Two approa ches to this task are discussed: the first built around the concept of social welfare problems; the second around disadvantage. The framework which uses the concept of disadvantage represents some refinement for this analytical task for social work practice by giving greater prominence to its central purposes, guiding values and basic action modes].
The "Supply Side" of Social Planning
Authors: Mushkat Miron
Published: March 2008

[Social planners have been preoccupied with methods of estimating the demand for social services and have accorded scant attention to the problem of assessing the supply of those services. As a corollary, they are far better equipped to grapple with the question of the magnitude of need than with that of the capacity to satisfy need. The object of the present article is to rectify in part this deficiency by furnishing insights into the supply side of social planning].
The Impact of Day Care on the Pre-School Child: Research Findings and Implications
Authors: Pardeck John T. , Pardeck Jean A.
Published: March 2008

[Increasing rates of maternal employment in recent decades has created the need for expanded day-care programs for children. Presently, the impact of the day-care experience is far from clear, especially for children of pre-school age. This paper will present the research findings focusing on the impact of day-care on the pre-school chilcl's intellectual, emotional, and social development, as well as on the child's family system. The implications of the research are discussed and areas of further research exploration are suggested].
Inmate Versus Environmental Effects On Prison Rule Violations
Authors: Steiner Benjamin , Wooldredge John
Published: March 2008

Identifying both individual and environmental effects on inmate misconduct is important for the protection of staff and inmates as well as for the effectiveness of facility programming. Self-report data collected from 9,828 male inmates housed in 204 state facilities in 1991 and 10,022 male inmates within 203 facilities in 1997 were examined to assess both inmate and environmental effects on assaults, drug/alcohol offenses, and other nonviolent offenses. Findings included consistent inmate-level effects of age, prior incarceration, prearrest drug use, and program participation. Offense-specific results included the positive effects of an inmate's race and ethnicity on the odds of assaults versus negative effects on drug/alcohol offenses and the greater relevance of environmental effects on assaults versus drug/alcohol offenses.
The Relationship Between Mental Health Problems and Violence Among Criminal Offenders
Authors: Silver Eric , Felson Richard B. , VanEseltine Matthew
Published: March 2008

A major challenge in studying the relationship between mental disorder and violent behavior lies in eliminating spuriousness from the analysis because the two share many of the same risk factors. This study uses nationally representative data from the Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities 1997 ( N = 17,248) in an attempt to isolate causal effects of mental health problems on violent behavior among criminal offenders. Controlling for respondents' past violent behavior and other relevant factors, the research found that a history of mental health treatment is more strongly associated with assaultive violence and sexual offenses than with other types of crimes. In addition, there is support for a deviance hypothesis: Offenders with mental health problems tend to engage in more deviant types of criminal acts than those without such problems.
Police Officer Characteristics and the Likelihood of Using Deadly Force
Authors: McElvain James P. , Kposowa Augustine J.
Published: March 2008

Past research on police shootings, when examining officer characteristics, has focused on the officer's race, particularly when it is not the same as the race of the person shot. Data from 186 officer-involved shootings were used to examine whether race effects existed and, if so, would be eliminated or attenuated by controlling for officer gender, education, age, and history of shooting. Male officers were more likely to shoot than female officers, and college-educated officers were less likely to be involved in shootings than officers with no college education. Risk of officer-involved shooting was reduced as the officer aged. White, non-Hispanic officers were more likely to shoot than Hispanic officers; however, there was no significant difference between Hispanic and Black officers. Officers with a previous history of shooting were more than 51% as likely to shoot during the follow-up period as officers without a history of shootings.
`And so all Israel will be saved': Competing Interpretations of Romans 11.26 in Pauline Scholarship*
Authors: Zoccali Christopher
Published: March 2008

Paul's claim in Rom. 11.26 that `all Israel will be saved' has often perplexed New Testament scholars. Whereas the classic view in Reformed theology treats `all Israel' as a reference to the church, which replaces historical Israel, some contemporary scholars hold to a two-covenant view whereby Israel is saved irrespective of Christ faith. In contrast to these, Mark D. Nanos has proposed his own unique reading of the passage. The dominant trend today, however, is for scholars to understand Paul to teach the future salvation of historical Israel at the parousia. Nevertheless, there are still others who understand `all Israel' to mean the total elect from the nation. This article will explore Paul's argument in Rom. 11 in dialogue with these approaches. It will be demonstrated that this last reading represents the most plausible interpretation of the biblical text.
X Marks the Spot? A Critique of the Use of Chiasmus in Macro-Structural Analyses of Revelation*
Authors: deSilva David A.
Published: March 2008

The role of chiasmus as a structuring device in ancient literature continues to be a much-debated facet of literary and rhetorical analysis, with often overly-exuberant discovery of complex chiasmi spanning whole books running far ahead of the methodological substructure needed to sustain a convincing demonstration of the same. This article analyses three recent attempts to propose a chiastic macro-structural analysis of Revelation and “nds them to present “ne examples of three recurring problems in the quest for the elusive chiasmus: (1) developing chiastic outlines by means of selective shaping of summary statements for major blocks of text; (2) discovering a chiasmus by means of selective reading of key terms; and (3) creation of a chiasmus by means of manipulation of formal markers. The article is offered in the hope that future proposals will take the methodological cautions proposed by critics of chiasmus to heart, as well as the standard rules of critical thinking (e.g., seeking for better alternative structuring devices alongside the quest for the hidden chiasmus).
Rosuvastatin: Characterization of Induced Myopathy in the Rat
Authors: Westwood F. Russell , Scott Robert C. , Marsden Alan M. , Bigley Alison , Randall Kevin
Published: March 2008

Rosuvastatin is a relatively new member of the statin family (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors), with superior lipid-lowering effects and a pattern of clinical side effects, including a low incidence of myopathy, similar to other widely prescribed statins. This article describes investigations of myopathy in the rat following administration of very high doses of rosuvastatin. The nature of the changes were found to be entirely consistent with those seen with other statins, including a differential sensitivity of muscle fibers (with glycolytic fibers [type IIB] the most sensitive and oxidative fibers [type I] the least), a delay of approximately 10 days after the start of oral dosing before necrosis was apparent, and ultrastructural alterations appearing first in mitochondria. In addition, the development of myopathy was prevented by coadministration of mevalonate, the product of HMG-CoA reductase. The findings illustrate a pattern of induced myopathy in the rat directly attributable to inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase that is entirely consistent between the various statins, with the oral dose required to produce the changes being a differentiating feature (based on these new data and a previously reported study from the same laboratory): cerivastatin dose less than simvastatin, and simvastatin dose less than rosuvastatin.
Anarchies of Youth
Authors: Sen Satadru
Published: March 2008

This article examines the crisis in Calcutta's Presidency College in 1916, when a white professor was assaulted and the college closed down. Focusing on conversations in the vernacular press, Anglo-Indian newspapers and the colonial government, it unpacks the meanings of ‘anarchy’, the word commonly used by all observers to describe the condition of young, middle-class Indian males. By locating this apparent anarchy in the context of nationalist agitation, the internal convulsions of middle-class Bengal, colonial race relations, wartime anxieties, and conflicting understandings of youth as a social phenomenon, it argues that the discourse of anarchy articulated a perception of incompatibility between colonialism and youthfulness that was broadly shared by whites and Indians of diverse political persuasions. At the same time this vision of deviant youth provided a platform on which blame could be assigned, and on which the competing factions of colonial Bengal could attack one another.
Localities, Coins and the Transition to the Early State in the Deccan
Authors: Parasher-Sen Aloka
Published: March 2008

Looking from the perspective of different localities while making the numismatic data central to our analysis, this article not only raises critical questions about the transition to early state, but also interrogates the nature of this state in the Deccan. Localities cannot be understood as isolated historical entities, but in the context of region-based studies they cannot be treated as mere peri-pheries either. Since this task necessarily entails a minute and an in-depth study of the sources, we shall take two illustrative examples of localities in what we call the Telangana and Andhra areas of the present-day state of Andhra Pradesh, with their nodal points and spread around the sites of Kotalingala–Dhullikatta–Peddabankur and Amaravati–Bhattiprolu–Vaddamanu respectively. The coins under discussion shall necessarily be related to the broader archaeological and material profile of these two localities. There is a general tendency among historians to first look at the history of a region from its broadest definition and then move to its smaller units. Here we prefer to first focus on the history of small entities or localities, and then move both vertically and horizontally to etch out the historical moorings of early society and state in the region as a whole—the Deccan in this case study.
Understanding Transitions at the Crossroads of Asia
Authors: Ghosh Suchandra
Published: March 2008

The expression ‘Crossroads of Asia’ has been borrowed from a publication by Elizabeth Errington and Joe Cribb. It seemed to be the most befitting expression to underline the wide geographical horizon extending from Afghanistan to north-west India, which this paper intends to dwell upon.

In earlier historiography this period, generally known as the post-Mauryan period, was often seen as one of ‘foreign invasions’. The paper would seek to examine how far this notion was guided by the representation of these ‘foreigners’, their social standings in the contemporary texts. The paper will also bring in certain images that were markers of Hellenism. People of the north-west were themselves of varying cultures, and the region displayed networks of wide ranging territorial and inter-civilizational contacts. A synthesis of the archaeological materials found in this region indicates multi-prong linkages of which the Central Asian connection played a significant role in the shaping of the culture of the region.
In Pursuit of the Past
Authors: Basak Bishnupriya
Published: March 2008

This article tries to situate the development of archaeology as a discipline in Bengal in the official and the academic sphere covering the period from the first half of the twentieth century to the early 1960s. The beginning of an official archaeology is seen in the activities of the Archaeological Survey, Eastern Circle, as represented by its annual reports, and may be seen as part of a totalizing mission of the colonial state in the post-Mutiny era. After the dissolution of these reports in 1920–21, Bengal began to feature in a limited way in the annual reports of the Survey, and later in its reviews. The birth of an academic archaeology is traced in the activities of the University of Calcutta. This needs to be seen in the backdrop of an initiative, made by Wheeler, the then director general of the Survey, to promote the study of past heritage in organizations outside the Survey.
Energy Conversion Chain Analysis of Sustainable Energy Systems: A Transportation Case Study
Authors: Evans Robert L.
Published: March 2008

In general terms there are only three primary energy sources: fossil fuels, renewable energy, and nuclear fission. For fueling road transportation, there has been much speculation about the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier, which would usher in the “hydrogen economy.” A parallel situation would use a simple battery to store electricity directly in order to power vehicles. The efficiency of these two different approaches has been compared and shows that the hydrogen and fuel cell system would consume nearly three times the primary energy required by a battery storage system. Successful introduction into the marketplace of the plug-in hybrid vehicle would eliminate the need for road vehicles to use petroleum fuels, at least for the majority of miles traveled. If electricity were to be generated primarily from sustainable primary energy sources, then road transportation would also become sustainable, resulting in an “electricity economy” rather than a “hydrogen economy.”
Copyright Issues
Authors: Norman Sandy
Published: March 2008

The following article continues the series of articles on copyright issues of interest to IFLA members. Sandy Norman, appointed by the IFLA Executive Board as IFLA's Copyright Advisor when IFLA's Copyright Committee was disbanded during the Barcelona Conference 1993, invites IFLA members to comment on these articles, to offer advice on activities IFLA should undertake, and to share their experiences, interests or questions on this important professional aspect of IFLA's work.
Plenary Address at Opening Session of the 64th IFLA General Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 17 August 1998
Authors: Yan der Ploeg Frederick
Published: March 2008

After leaving secondary school, Frederick (Rick) van der Ploeg attended the University of Sussex where he obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in 1977, and then attended Kings College, Cambridge, where he was awarded a doctorate in economics in 1981. From 1979 to 1983 Mr Van der Ploeg worked as a research officer at the University of Cambridge, after which he lectured at the London School of Economics until 1988. Between 1985 and 1991 he also held the post of research professor of quantitative economics at the University of Tilburg and professor of economics at the European University Institute in Florence. In 1991 he was appointed professor of economics at the University of Amsterdam. Mr Van der Ploeg has also been visiting professor at universities in the UK, USA, the Czech Republic, ltaly and Austria. Mr Van der Ploeg has been a member of the board of the Wiardi Beckman Foundation and sat in the party executive of the Labour Party (PvdA) from 1992 on. From 1994 to 1998 he was a member of the Lower House of the States General. His other activities have included being a columnist, a research fellow at the Centre for Economic Policy Research in London, a member of the Council of the European Economic Association, the board of the "Mug met de gouden tand" theatre company and the supervisory board of the Pakhoed group, and consultant to the Advisory Council on Government Policy (WRR), the European Commission and the OECD. On 3 August 1998 Mr Van der Ploeg was appointed State Secretary for Education, Culture and Science in the second Kok government.
Library-Publisher Relations in the Next Millennium: A Cross-Bench Perspective
Authors: Carr Jane
Published: March 2008

Jane Carr is Director of Public Affairs at the British Library. She may be contacted at the British Library, 96 Euston Road, London NWI 2DB, United Kingdom (fax: +(44-171) 4127624; e-mail:jane.carr@bl.uk).
IFLA Thirty Years Ago: The Dramatic 34th Council and General Conference in Frankfurt am Main in 1968
Authors: Liebaers Herman
Published: March 2008

Herman Liebaers received an MA from Ghent University in 1942, and was employed as a librarian at the Royal Library in Brussels from 1943 until 1953. He received a Ph.D. from Ghent University in 1955, and from 1956 until 1973 he was Director of the Royal Library.He served as IFLA's President from 1969 until 1974, when he was elected an Honorary President. Mr Liebaers is an Honorary Member of the Grolier Club, New York; and Honorary Member of the International Association of Bibliophiles, Paris; an Honorary Member of the Belgian Association of Archivists; and a Member of the Royal Academy of Belgium. Mr Liebaers can be contacted at 44 Avenue J. Sobieski, 1020 Brussels, Belgium.
Freedom of Expression and Access to Information in the Conflict Situation in Algeria
Authors: Ancer Ahmed
Published: March 2008

Ahmed Ancer was born in Jijel, Algeria and started his career as a journalist with the Algerian governmental newspaper, El Moudjahid in 1981 after he studied political science at the University of Algiers. During his career at El Moudjahid, Mr Ancer was prohibited from writing, more than once, by the Algerian government. In 1988, together with other Algerian journalists, he started the MJA (Mouvement des Journalistes Algérien, later changed into AJA, Association des Journalistes Algériens). This Movement originated continuous protests for more than two years against the government. In a political climate where there was no room for democracy, the MJA was the cause of much turmoil by publishing critical articles about issues as Freedom of Expression and Freedom of the Press. In 1990, together with other journalists, he founded the first independent and privately funded newspaper in Algeria, El Watan. Ancer is still working for El Watan as a political commentator and as head of the editorial staff for Algerian national news. Over the past few years almost 60 Algerian journalists have been killed. Having been the target of many attacks by Islamist fundamentalists himself, he has been forced to move his family to a safe zone for journalists, 25 kilometres outside of Algiers. Amsterdam is Mr Ancer's temporary residence. His presence in the Netherlands is a result of an initiative by the International Parliament of Writers (Salmon Rushdie, Chair) to establish "cities of refuge". These cities would provide a temporary home for writers, journalists and others who would live or work under pressure in their countries of origin. Amsterdam decided to announce itself as one of those "safe cities" and hence Mr Ancer was invited in September 1997 to come to live one year in Amsterdam by the Dutch Rushdie Defense Committee, with the support of the City of Amsterdam.
Arthroscopic Capsulolabral Repair for Posterior Shoulder Instability in Throwing Athletes Compared with Nonthrowing Athletes
Authors: Radkowski Christopher A. , Chhabra Anikar , Baker Champ L. , Tejwani Samir G. , Bradley James P.
Published: March 2008

Background

There are limited studies evaluating arthroscopic treatment of unidirectional posterior shoulder instability in overhead-throwing athletes.

Hypothesis

Arthroscopic capsulolabral repair for unidirectional posterior shoulder instability will yield equivalent stability and functional outcomes in the overhead-throwing athlete and nonthrowers.

Study Design

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods

Ninety-eight athletes (107 shoulders) with unidirectional posterior shoulder instability were treated with arthroscopic Posterior capsulolabral reconstruction or, rarely, capsular plication alone, as determined by their specific intra-articular lesions. Patients were evaluated prospectively with the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scoring system. Stability, range of motion, strength, pain, and function were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively with standardized subjective scales. Results for 27 dominant shoulders in throwing athletes (25%) were compared with those for 80 shoulders in nonthrowing athletes (75%).

Results

At a mean follow-up of 27 months postoperatively, there were no differences in the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score or scores for stability, range of motion, strength, pain, and function between the throwers and nonthrowers, with both groups showing a significant improvement in all categories ( P < .0001). Excellent or good results were achieved in 89% of the throwers and 93% of the nonthrowers. Throwing athletes were less likely to return to their preinjury levels of sport (55%) compared with nonthrowing athletes (71%).

Conclusion

Arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair effectively improves stability, range of motion, strength, pain, and function in throwing athletes with unidirectional posterior shoulder instability. Despite similar outcome measures to nonthrowers, throwing athletes are less likely to return to their preinjury levels of sport.
Efficacy of a Camp-Based Intervention for Childhood Traumatic Grief
Authors: McClatchey Irene Searles , Vonk M. Elizabeth , Palardy Gregory
Published: March 2008

Objective: This study examined the efficacy of a short-term, camp-based, trauma-focused grief intervention in reducing traumatic grief and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in parentally bereaved children. Method: For this nonequivalent comparison group study, 100 children were split into two groups, with one group serving as the immediate treatment group and the second group serving as the delayed treatment group. Results: The results were analyzed using chi-square, independent samples t tests, multiple and logistic regression and showed this short-term intervention to be followed by reduced traumatic grief and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Conclusions: The results are discussed in relation to current research on and practice with bereaved children as well as implications for future research.