bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerrahi Kliniklerde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Basınç Yaralanmalarını Önlemeye Yönelik Bilgi Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Başayar Zehra , Yazıcı Gülay
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışma cerrahi kliniklerde çalışan hemşirelerin basınç yaralanmaları, önlenmesi ve tedavisine yönelik bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini Ankara’da bir kamu hastanesinde cerrahi kliniklerde çalışan 360 hemşire oluşturdu. Verilerinin toplanmasında araştırmacı tarafından literatür taranarak ve güncel rehberler kaynak alınarak hazırlanan, hemşirelerin sosyo-demografik özellikleri ile basınç yaralanmalarına ilişkin bilgi düzeylerini saptamaya yönelik soruların yer aldığı formlar kullanıldı. Elde edilen veriler SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) programında; sayı, yüzdelik, Kruskal Wallis H testi ve Mann Whitney U testi ile analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Hemşirelerin basınç yaralanmasına yönelik sorulardan aldıkları puanların ortalaması 51.98±14.52 olarak saptandı. Puan ortalamalarının en düşük olduğu temanın etiyoloji ve risk faktörleri, en yüksek olduğu temanın ise tedavi ve bakım olduğu görüldü. Yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim durumu ve basınç yaralanması ile ilgili daha önce eğitim alma durumu ile hemşirelerin bilgi puan ortalamaları arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde fark olduğu belirlendi.
Sonuç: Sağlık bakım kalite göstergelerinden biri olan basınç yaralanmalarının önlenmesinde hemşirelerin bilgi yönünden donanımlı olması, risk faktörlerini tanımlayabilmesi; önleme, tedavi ve bakımda doğrudan etkili olmaktadır. Bilim ve teknolojideki gelişmelere paralel olarak bu konu ile ilgili güncel literatürün taranıp, güncel rehberlere dayanılarak hazırlanan hizmet içi eğitim programlarının düzenlenmesi, kurs ya da sertifika programlarına katılımının teşvik edilmesi ve kurum içi politika ve prosedürlerine ilişkin hemşirelerin bilgilendirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Track me but not really: Tracking undercoverage in metered data collection
Authors: Bosch Oriol J.
Published: August 2022

Metered data, also called “web-tracking data”, has been proposed as a potentially useful way of measuring online behaviours, since it allows observation of web browsing unobtrusively and without relying on fallible self-reports. Metered data is generally collected from a sample of respondents who willingly install or configure, into their devices, tracking technologies that track digital traces left when people go online (e.g. URLs visited).To track the complete online behaviour of an individual, tracking technologies must be installed and track all devices, browsers/apps and/or networks (from now on targets) used to go online. When only a subset of targets is tracked, an incomplete record of online behaviours is observed. This undercoverage can negatively affect metered data quality, producing potentially large biases in population estimates. Although little is currently known about this type of undercoverage, past research indicates that a range of factors can prevent researchers from tracking all targets that participants use (Bosch and Revilla, 2021), and that a high proportion of individuals participating in metered studies are undercovered (Pew Research Center, 2020). To assess the impact of this type of undercoverage on the quality of metered data estimates, we collected metered survey and paradata in Spain, Portugal and Italy. Combining paradata and self-reports of participants’ tracked and used targets, we show the prevalence and characteristics of undercoverage. Besides, using metered data from the subsample of fully covered individuals, through simulations we show the extent and mechanisms in which undercoverage biases metered data estimates, both univariate (e.g. means and proportions) and bivariate (e.g. correlation and regression coefficients). These estimates are computed for different levels (% of participants) of device, browser and app undercoverage.
Biased Learning from Elections
Authors: Little Andrew T. , Mack Andrew , Pepinsky Thomas
Published: August 2022

A foundational premise in democratic theory is that political competition encourages parties to be responsive to voters. Parties have incentives to respond to the median voter's preferences in order to win elections, and should learn from the results of elections where their platforms diverge from what the electorate wants. However, parties may be subject to motivated reasoning, wanting to believe that the electorate favors their own policy preferences. We develop a repeated model of elections with motivated beliefs to explore how this bias affects how parties compete with one another for popular support. Motivated beliefs lead to excessive platform divergence, and allow parties to infer from poor electoral outcomes that elections are unfair rather than that their platforms are unpopular. Disagreement about the fairness of the electoral system increases over time, even if platform divergence decreases. Our analysis reveals how motivated beliefs inhibit parties' ability to learn what voters want while encouraging partisans to distrust the electoral process itself.
Neural representations of naturalistic person identities while watching a feature film
Authors: Lally Clare , Lavan Nadine , Garrido Lucia , Tsantani Maria , McGettigan Carolyn
Published: August 2022

Recognising other people relies on differentiating between individuals (“telling apart”), as well as generalising across within-person variability (“telling together”; Burton et al., 2013; Lavan et al., 2019a, 2019b). However, brain areas associated with face and voice recognition have often been identified using tightly controlled experiments, which underspecify the naturalistic variability that occurs during authentic person identification. We used representational similarity analysis to uncover neural representations of identity following naturalistic, task-free stimulation. Analyses were conducted on open-access MRI datasets, in which participants watched feature-length movies (Aliko et al., 2020). Identity representations - defined as similar response patterns to variable instances of the same person, and dissimilar patterns in response to different people - were observed in established face and voice processing areas. We replicated the findings across two independent participant groups in response to different sets of identities. Finally, we explored contributions of face vs voice information to identity representations, finding more widespread preferential sensitivity to faces. Our paradigm thus characterised how the brain represents identities in the real world, for the first time accounting for both “telling people together” and “telling people apart”. The findings complement previous work by showing that similar areas are engaged under task-based and naturalistic exposure.
Contributions of low- and high-level contextual mechanisms to human face perception
Authors: Canoluk Mehmet Umut , Moors Pieter , Goffaux Valerie
Published: August 2022

Contextual modulations at primary stages of visual processing depend on the strength of local input. Contextual modulations at high-level stages of (face) processing show a similar dependence to local input strength. Namely, the discriminability of a facial feature determines the amount of influence of the face context on that feature. How high-level contextual modulations emerge from primary mechanisms is unclear due to the scarcity of empirical research systematically addressing the functional link between the two. We tested (62) young adults’ ability to process local input independent of the context using contrast detection and (upright and inverted) morphed facial feature matching tasks. We first investigated contextual modulation magnitudes across tasks to address their shared variance. A second analysis focused on the profile of performance across contextual conditions. In upright eye matching and contrast detection tasks, contextual modulations only correlated at the level of their profile (averaged Fisher-Z transformed r = 1.18, BF10 > 100), but not magnitude (r = .15, BF10= .61), suggesting the functional independence but similar working principles of the mechanisms involved. Both the profile (averaged Fisher-Z transformed r = .32, BF10 = 9.7) and magnitude (r = .28, BF10 = 4.58) of the contextual modulations correlated between inverted eye matching and contrast detection tasks. Our results suggest that non-face-specialized high-level contextual mechanisms (inverted faces) work in connection to primary contextual mechanisms, but that the engagement of face-specialized mechanisms for upright faces obscures this connection. Such combined study of low- and high-level contextual modulations sheds new light on the functional relationship between different levels of the visual processing hierarchy, and thus on its functional organization.
“They’re doing it anyway, let’s have a conversation about it”: Exploring student and stakeholder attitudes towards Drug Education Programmes for university students.
Authors: Waples Lilli , Carlisle Victoria , Maynard Olivia M
Published: August 2022

Drug (including alcohol) use among UK university students is estimated to be widespread and associated with adverse social, physical and mental health consequences. Drug Education Programmes (DEPs) may reduce drug-related harm although there is a sparsity of literature exploring their use in higher education settings; a gap our research aimed to fill. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 20 university students and four individuals involved in the development and/or implementation of university drug education services. Interviews explored students’ experiences of drug use and the perceived barriers and facilitators for implementing university DEPs. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we developed the following five themes: 1) A culture of drug use; 2) Balancing risk and reward; 3) Drug use as a coping mechanism; 4) The current approach is failing students; and 5) A new approach. While DEPs are a promising way of reducing harm, students’ fears of judgement, punishment and criminalisation may prevent them from fully engaging with them. Successful implementation of DEPs would therefore require structural changes to encourage students to access any future interventions.
The Social Systems Citation Theory (SSCT): A proposal to use the social systems theory for conceptualizing publications and their citations links
Authors: Tahamtan Iman , Bornmann Lutz
Published: August 2022

The normative theory of citing considers citations as rewarding tools to acknowledge the influence of scientific works, while the social constructivist theory of citing considers citations, for example, as persuasion tools used by authors to support their claims, and convince the scientific community that those claims are valid. Other citation theories and models have been proposed in recent years to overcome the limitations of the normative and social constructivist theories. Nevertheless, they have not been able to fully explain all citation motives of scientists (but have a certain focus). This study proposes a new theory (which we call “social systems citation theory”, SSCT) that integrates previous theories and models on publications and their citation links and is mainly based on Niklas Luhmann’s “social systems theory”. Luhmann’s social systems theory focuses on “communications” as the basic constituting elements of a social science system and not on humans and their motives. Humans are not part of social systems but are connected with them and irritate them. Thus, the social systems theory does not have the problem of integrating various and different motives of humans to cite in the science system. In the SSCT, authors’ motives to cite belong to psychic systems while publications and their citation links belong to the social science system. The systems operate autonomously but interact with each other: the social system operates recursively with publications and citation links. Although psychic systems stimulate or irritate the science system, they do not determine communications in the science system. In this study, we explain the SSCT and demonstrate how the theory can be used to underlie empirical bibliometric studies.
Capacitação de professores em Gamificação e em Aprendizagem Baseada em Jogos
Authors: Fieldkircher Fabiana Paula , Souza Silvia Regina
Published: August 2022

Esta revisão buscou investigar como têm sido desenvolvidas e avaliadas as capacitações de professores em Gamificação e Aprendizagem Baseada em Jogos, a partir da sistematização de pesquisas empíricas sobre o tema, produzidas entre os anos de 2010 e 2020. Foram feitas buscas usando as palavras-chave: teacher, professional development, teacher training, teacher education, game-based learning, education, gamification, nas bases de dados EBSCO, ERIC, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science e Banco de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES. O banco de dados final foi composto por 10 estudos. Os resultados indicam que a maioria dos estudos não apresenta fundamentação em teorias da aprendizagem, há pouca clareza sobre quais são os objetivos de aprendizagem, além de utilizarem delineamentos pouco controlados, em detrimento dos experimentais. O estado da arte aponta para a necessidade de que mais pesquisas sejam realizadas sobre o tema com a utilização de fundamentação teórica adequada e delineamentos de pesquisa mais sofisticados.
PENCAPAIAN MAQASHID SYARIAH DALAM KEMAJUAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT MADURA MELALUI KEARIFAN LOKAL (ROKAT TASE’)
Authors: HAMZAH MOH.
Published: August 2022

Kearifan lokal yang tertanam di dalam suatu kelompok masyarakat, tentunya akan menjadi bagian hidup yang tidak dapat terpisahkan. Dengan demikin, artikel ini akan mengkaji secara mendalam tradisi rokat tase’ yang ada di Sumenep Madura. Dimana pada penelitian ini akan mempelajari makna dan pencapaiannya pada maqashid syariah, serta potensinya dalam masyarakat. Walaupun sudah banyak penelitian tentang kearifan lokal, namun masih belum ada penelitian yang mengkaji secara komprehensif tentang pencapaiannya tradisi rokat tase’ pada maqashid syariah dan potensi yang diciptakan dalam kemajuan masyarakat Madura. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini hadir untuk memberikan khazanah keilmuan baru dan mengungkap nilai pada tradisi tersebut. Artikel yang merupakan jenis penelitian hukum empiris ini menggunakan pendekatan maqashid syariah. Sehingga hasil dari penelitian ini, yaitu rokat tase’ yang berada di Sumenep Madura merupakan salah satu budaya yang mencerminkan kekayaan intelektual, spiritual dan emosional masyarakat setempat. Pasalnya pada tradisi ini tidak hanya sebagai sebuah budaya belaka dan kebiasaan saja, melainkan juga memiliki potensi besar dalam menciptakan kemajuan ekonomi masyarakat, Serta mampu menjaga terpeliharanya lima kebutuhan dasar manusia, yaitu pemeliharaan agama, akal, jiwa, keturunan dan harta.
IMPLEMENTASI SERTIFIKASI HALAL PADA PRODUK PANGAN DALAM RANGKA PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN (STUDI KASUS DOMINOS PIZZA)
Authors: Raisqi Najib Rasid
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini Berjudul Implementasi Sertifikasi Halal Pada Produk Pangan Dalam Rangka Perlindungan Konsumen Studi kasus pada Dominos Pizza. Merupakan salah satu studi untuk melihat Implementasi Sertifikasi halal bagi dunia Restaurant cepat saji Khusunya Dominos Pizza. Dan untuk memebrikan informasi bahwa Memakan makanan yang halal dan baik (halal dan thayyib) merupakan perintah agama yang disebutkan di dalam Al Quran Surat Al Baqarah ayat 168 dan hal ini memberi pengaruh terhadap pilihan dan pola konsumsi masyarakat (khususnya umat muslim). Sebagai produsen yang memahami hal ini, tentu pilihan bijak jika menyediakan dan memberikan keyakinan kepada konsumen atas produk pangannya dan secara umum merupakan cermin perlindungan atas hak konsumen untuk mendapat produk pangan yang halal dan baik sebagaimana diisyaratkan beberapa Peraturan Perundang-undangan. Penerbitan sertifikasi halal oleh MUI merupakan implementasi nyata sebagai suatu isyarat legal untuk menjadi ciri halal dan baik bagi suatu produk. Namun, perolehan sertifikasi bukan final karena justru memberikan implikasi bagi produsen agar secara internal menyiapkan berbagai perangkat dalam rangka menjaga kualitas dan kehalalan produknya. Salah satu kebijakan yang diambil oleh Dominos Pizza sebagai studi kasus dalam kajian ini adalah pembentukan QA (quality assurance) yang memegang otoritas untuk menguji, mengawasi dan mengeksekusi semua produk yang akan dikeluarkan mulai dari bahan baku, proses sampai akhirnya produk tersebut tiba ditangan konsumen. Kebijakan ini merupakan langkah yang cerdas yaitu selain untuk melindungi hak konsumen (memperoleh produk pangan yang halal dan baik) dengan cara terus menjaga keberadaan sertifikasi halal yang setiap dua tahun harus diperbaharui, namun secara tidak langsung dengan terjaganya kualitas dan kehalalan produknya maka Dominos Pizza telah maju selangkah di depan untuk merebut pangsa pasar (khususnya konsumen muslim) atas produk pangan sejenis
Patient satisfaction after multiple revision surgeries for adult spinal deformity
Authors: Durand Wesley M. , Daniels Alan H. , DiSilvestro Kevin , Lafage Renaud , Diebo Bassel G. , Passias Peter G. , Kim Han Jo , Protopsaltis Themistocles , Lafage Virginie , Smith Justin S. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Gupta Munish C. , Klineberg Eric O. , Schwab Frank , Gum Jeffrey L. , Mundis Gregory M. , Eastlack Robert K. , Kebaish Khaled , Soroceanu Alex , Hostin Richard A. , Burton Douglas , Bess Shay , Ames Christopher P. , Hart Robert A. , Hamilton D. Kojo , _ _
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

Revision surgery is often necessary for adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients. Satisfaction with management is an important component of health-related quality of life. The authors hypothesized that patients who underwent multiple revision surgeries following ASD correction would exhibit lower self-reported satisfaction scores.

METHODS

This was a retrospective cohort study of 668 patients who underwent ASD surgery and were eligible for a minimum 2-year follow-up. Visits were stratified by occurrence prior to the index surgery (period 0), after the index surgery only (period 1), after the first revision only (period 2), and after the second revision only (period 3). Patients were further stratified by prior spine surgery before their index surgery. Scoliosis Research Society–22 (SRS-22r) health-related quality-of-life satisfaction subscore and total satisfaction scores were evaluated at all periods using multiple linear regression and adjustment for age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index.

RESULTS

In total, 46.6% of the study patients had undergone prior spine surgery before their index surgery. The overall revision rate was 21.3%. Among patients with no spine surgery prior to the index surgery, SRS-22r satisfaction scores increased from period 0 to 1 (from 2.8 to 4.3, p < 0.0001), decreased after one revision from period 1 to 2 (4.3 to 3.9, p = 0.0004), and decreased further after a second revision from period 2 to 3 (3.9 to 3.3, p = 0.0437). Among patients with spine surgery prior to the index procedure, SRS-22r satisfaction increased from period 0 to 1 (2.8 to 4.2, p < 0.0001) and decreased from period 1 to 2 (4.2 to 3.8, p = 0.0011). No differences in follow-up time from last surgery were observed (all p > 0.3). Among patients with multiple revisions, 40% experienced rod fracture, 40% proximal junctional kyphosis, and 33% pseudarthrosis.

CONCLUSIONS

Among patients undergoing ASD surgery, revision surgery is associated with decreased satisfaction, and multiple revisions are associated with additive detriment to satisfaction among patients initially undergoing primary surgery. These findings have direct implications for preoperative patient counseling and establishment of postoperative expectations.
How common is acute pelvic fixation failure after adult spine surgery? A single-center study of 358 patients
Authors: Lee Nathan J. , Park Paul J. , Puvanesarajah Varun , Clifton William E. , Kwan Kevin , Morrissette Cole R. , Williams Jaques L. , Fields Michael W. , Leung Eric , Hassan Fthimnir M. , Angevine Peter D. , Mandigo Christopher E. , Lombardi Joseph M. , Sardar Zeeshan M. , Lehman Ronald A. , Lenke Lawrence G.
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

There is a paucity of literature on pelvic fixation failure after adult spine surgery in the early postoperative period. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of acute pelvic fixation failure in a large single-center study and to describe the lessons learned.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective review of adult (≥ 18 years old) patients who underwent spinal fusion with pelvic fixation (iliac, S2-alar-iliac [S2AI] screws) at a single academic medical center between 2015 and 2020. All patients had a minimum of 3 instrumented levels. The minimum follow-up was 6 months after the index spine surgery. Patients with prior pelvic fixation were excluded. Acute pelvic fixation failure was defined as revision of the pelvic screws within 6 months of the primary surgery. Patient demographics and operative, radiographic, and rod/screw parameters were collected. All rods were cobalt-chrome. All iliac and S2AI screws were closed-headed screws.

RESULTS

In 358 patients, the mean age was 59.5 ± 13.6 years, and 64.0% (n = 229) were female. The mean number of instrumented levels was 11.5 ± 5.5, and 79.1% (n = 283) had ≥ 6 levels fused. Three-column osteotomies were performed in 14.2% (n = 51) of patients, and 74.6% (n = 267) had an L5–S1 interbody fusion. The mean diameter/length of pelvic screws was 8.5/86.6 mm. The mean number of pelvic screws was 2.2 ± 0.5, the mean rod diameter was 6.0 ± 0 mm, and 78.5% (n = 281) had > 2 rods crossing the lumbopelvic junction. Accessory rods extended to S1 (32.7%, n = 117) or S2/ilium (45.8%, n = 164). Acute pelvic fixation failure occurred in 1 patient (0.3%); this individual had a broken S2AI screw near the head-neck junction. This 76-year-old woman with degenerative lumbar scoliosis and chronic lumbosacral zone 1 fracture nonunion had undergone posterior instrumented fusion from T10 to pelvis with bilateral S2AI screws (8.5 × 90 mm); i.e., transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion L4–S1. The patient had persistent left buttock pain postoperatively, with radiographically confirmed breakage of the left S2AI screw 68 days after surgery. Revision included instrumentation removal at L2–pelvis and a total of 4 pelvic screws.

CONCLUSIONS

The acute pelvic fixation failure rate was exceedingly low in adult spine surgery. This rate may be the result of multiple factors including the preference for multirod (> 2), closed-headed pelvic screw constructs in which large-diameter long screws are used. Increasing the number of rods and screws at the lumbopelvic junction may be important factors to consider, especially for patients with high risk for nonunion.
Philosophy of business as cross-disciplinary educational component
Authors: Hlushko Tetiana
Published: August 2022

The article presents structural-functional analysis for the socio-practical potential of such educational component as philosophy of business, as well as research the degree of its impact on evolution of strategic thinking abilities, progress of creative potential, values and attitudes of students. Therefore, in the text of the article is outlined the author’s structure of the analyzed educa­tional component, that is relevant for socio-economic sphere of contemporary Ukraine and, at the same time, one that will motivate younger generation to apply cross-disciplinary knowledge for improving the national business sphere and for making progress in economic culture of Ukrainian society in general. The structure of analyzed educational component must include: studying the philosophy of business problem field in the context of game theory; analysis of business ontological specifics as well as related risks and success criteria; de­scription the philosophical aspects of branding and business-leadership; analy­sis of such phenomena connection as capital, property and wealth; determining the basics of culture, ethics and social responsibility of business, its role in the structure of social institutions; and also studying of such instruments for strate­gic thinking evolution as theory of game Go and 36 ancient Chinese stratagems; and, finally, a detection of essential transformations for business-processes in conditions of digitalization and active artificial intelligence development. So we consider that socio-creative manifestations of that educational discipline should be analyzed, first of all, on three main levels: economic, administrative law and culturological. Article proves that in each of these professional educa­tional areas, philosophy of business, as separate educational component, pro­vides specific functional effects, significantly supplementing and improving cur­ricula with additional knowledge and competencies that increases preparation level of modern specialists, creates opportunities for their better understanding of business practical value for national and global economies.
The Educational Origins of Nigeria’s Development Challenges
Authors: Irabor Benson Peter , Onwudinjo Andrew
Published: August 2022

It cannot be over-emphasized, the consensual outlook among scholars that education is the bedrock of development of any society. However a careful examination of the present status quo of Nigeria’s education is replete with countless issues and challenges that have the capacity to compromise the role education plays in national development. Such challenges as insufficient quality of curriculum, policy making and implementation, imperfect certification and lack of competence are typical to the Nigeria`s educational system. In general, there is a gap in the Nigerian education system between the formulation of educational policy and its implementation, which has resulted in the low performance of Nigerian education in recent times. These challenges are some of the fundamental pointers to the plummet in the country’s educational system, hence their solution need to be properly prepared to be able to contribute to the overall human development. As a result, this research explores the potential of the method of philosophical analysis to establish, contrary to popular opinion that Nigeria remains underdeveloped not because of the experience of colonization, imperialism and exploitation of her resources, but through the miscarriage of her educational system. The moral decadence in Nigeria institutions comes many forms, but this article discusses only five of them: examination malpractice, drug abuse, cultism, sexual harassment and grade sorting. Another problem bedeviling Nigeria educational system at all level is strike. This study thereby takes another approach to disinter how the educational system in contemporary Nigeria has waned consequent to the circumvention of proper learning and proper assessment of knowledge.
Higher education in the mirror of challenges and modern alternatives
Authors: Levkulych Vasyl
Published: August 2022

The growing role of education in society has actually begun since the division of labor and continues to this day. The highest GDP growth rates in the second half of the twentieth century were due to the development and impact of higher education. Nevertheless, there are growing concerns in the expert community about the controversial development of education in general and the higher education segment in particular; saying that the modern higher education institution has almost lost its influence on the formation of not only society but itself, and the higher education institution itself is transformed into obedient object of external regulations. This feature contains not so much advantages as disadvantages, as «harmonious interaction» with the megatrends of today is achieved through the loss of precious capital of critical and systematic thinking, as well as intellectual responsibility and civic position. This factor forms a grand conceptual and praxeological problem, the interpretation of which naturally claims the status of scientific novelty. The phenomenon of the university is analyzed through the prism of its historical dynamics and role. Particular attention is paid to the qualitative characteristics and virtues due to which the university has acquired a respectable status, hoping to maintain these positions in the future. The leadership reputation of a modern university is reflected: what is the basis for the leadership of the university, what is necessary and sufficient for the leadership status quo, which features of leadership are meaningful, and which are purely formal, stereotypical and inadequate. The university is understood as a model for building human capital: whether and to what extent modern universities meet these requirements and what stands in the way of optimizing the current status quo.
Impact of body mass index on pathological complete response and survival of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Aguiar David , Ros Laura , Pérez Daniel , Croissier Laura , Mori Marta , Hernández María , Vargas Ana Milena , Galván Saray , Antonilli Carla , Saura Salvador
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: High body mass index (BMI) is regarded as a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer (BC). However, its association with pathological complete response (pCR) and survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: We wanted to assess the prognostic impact of BMI in this setting. METHODS: Single-center, retrospective review of 314 BC patients undergoing NAC from 2010 to 2018. Patients were categorized as underweight/normal weight (UW/NW) (BMI < 25) or overweight/obese (OW/OB) (BMI ≥ 25). The relationship between BMI and other traditional clinical-pathological prognostic variables with the pCR rate was investigated using logistic regression analysis. The effect on event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) was estimated by the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-two patients were UW/NW while 192 were OW/OB. Multivariate analysis revealed that hormonal receptors negative, HER2 positive, and clinical tumor stage (cT) 1–2 were independent predictor factors for pCR. Multivariate analysis confirmed tumor grade G3 and lack of pCR as independent adverse prognostic factors for EFS, while factors associated with worse OS were cT3-4, hormone receptors negative, and lack of pCR. Non-significant differences in pCR, EFS, or OS were observed between the two baseline BMI categories. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, BMI is not associated with pCR, EFS, or OS in BC patients receiving NAC. Achieving pCR is the most consistent factor associated with EFS and OS. Prospective and well-designed studies taking into account other important biological and anthropometric factors are needed to determine the exact role of BMI in this setting.
Validation of the Informant Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS) among Older Adults in Singapore
Authors: Pang Ting , Chong Eddie Jun Yi , Wong Zi Xuen , Chew Kimberly Ann , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Chen Christopher , Xu Xin
Published: August 2022

Background: The Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS) is a brief and rapid tool that can be administered by an informant without the need for a trained assessor. Objective: Our objective was to examine the validity, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of the informant QDRS in a Singapore memory clinic sample. Methods: We assessed a total of 177 older adults, among whom, 32 had no cognitive impairment (NCI), 61 had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 84 had dementia. Elderly underwent 1) the informant QDRS, 2) the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) as the gold standard diagnosis, 3) the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and 4) the Ascertain Dementia 8 (AD8) as comparisons to the QDRS. The extent to which the QDRS may reduce the recruitment cost (time) of clinical trials was also calculated. Results: The QDRS had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.939). It correlated highly with the CDR-global (R = 0.897), CDR Sum-of-Boxes (R = 0.915), MMSE (R = –0.848), and the AD8 (R = 0.747), showing good concurrent validity. With an optimal cut-off of 1.5 for MCI (sensitivity 85.2%, specificity 96.3%) and 6 for dementia (sensitivity 90.1%, specificity 89.2%), the QDRS achieved a higher overall accuracy of 85.0%, as compared to MMSE (71.2%) and AD8 (73.4%). A simulated clinical trial recruitment scenario demonstrated that pre-screening with the QDRS followed by a confirmatory CDR would reduce the time needed to identify NCI subjects by 23.3% and MCI subjects by 75.3%. Conclusion: The QDRS is a reliable cognitive impairment screening tool which is suitable for informant-administration, especially for identification of MCI.
Climate Impact and Feasibility Analysis of Incineration Based Waste-to-Energy Plants in Delhi
Authors: Singh S.K. , Chawla Adarsh , Chhabra Satvik , Mahima
Published: August 2022

Managing the increasing municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in cities across India has increasingly become a challenge for Pollution Control Boards and Civic Authorities. The increasing population of Delhi has led to overflowing landfills that contaminate groundwater and release tonnes of greenhouse gases. Lately, waste to energy (WtE) plants have emerged as the preferred option in Delhi for waste processing but their adoption has been marred with public disapproval, emission violations and below-par energy production. This study quantifies the climate impact and investigates the financial feasibility of incineration based WtE units in Delhi. The Climate Impact estimates the Greenhouse Gas emissions of WtE Incinerators and compares them with the GHG emissions avoided via Electricity Generation and Landfilling. For Feasibility Analysis, the cost and revenue streams data were estimated to find out Net Present Values for the project lifecycle and Break-even Periods. The climate impact of all 3 WtE plants came out to be positive, with the Bawana WtE leading at 468,041 tonnes of CO2-eq release. The Net Present Value after 20 years for Ghazipur, Bawana and Okhla WtE was at INR 594 million, 7541 million and 8965 million and break-even period was 12, 6, and 3 years, respectively. We conclude the study with policy recommendations & technical improvements aimed at improving feasibility, increasing renewable energy outputs and reducing the GHG emissions of WtE plants.
Learning neighborhood-based embedding sequence for link prediction in temporal knowledge graphs
Authors: Wang Liqin , Chu Hang , Dong Yongfeng , Liu Enhai , Li Linhao
Published: August 2022

Many real-world knowledge graphs are complex and keep evolving over time. Inferring missing facts in temporal knowledge graphs is a fundamental and challenging task. Previous studies focus on link prediction in static knowledge graphs which hardly extracts the temporal features effectively. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning model, namely KBGAT-BiLSTM, which is capable of solving long-term predict problems and is suitable for temporal knowledge graph with complex structures. First, we adapt the Graph Attention Network (GAT) to learn the structural features of knowledge graph. Then we utilize the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Networks (BiLSTM) to learn the temporal features and obtain the low-dimensional embeddings of entities and relations. Finally, we employ a scoring function for link prediction in temporal knowledge graphs. Through extensive experiments on YAGO, WIKI, and ICEWS18 datasets, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our model, compare the performance of our model with several different state-of-the-art methods and further analyze the properties of the proposed method.
On the least amount of training data for a machine learning model
Authors: Zhao Dazhi , Hao Yunquan , Li Weibin , Tu Zhe
Published: August 2022

Whether the exact amount of training data is enough for a specific task is an important question in machine learning, since it is always very expensive to label many data while insufficient data lead to underfitting. In this paper, the topic that what is the least amount of training data for a model is discussed from the perspective of sampling theorem. If the target function of supervised learning is taken as a multi-dimensional signal and the labeled data as samples, the training process can be regarded as the process of signal recovery. The main result is that the least amount of training data for a bandlimited task signal corresponds to a sampling rate which is larger than the Nyquist rate. Some numerical experiments are carried out to show the comparison between the learning process and the signal recovery, which demonstrates our result. Based on the equivalence between supervised learning and signal recovery, some spectral methods can be used to reveal underlying mechanisms of various supervised learning models, especially those “black-box” neural networks.
Fixed point results for contractive mappings in fuzzy metric spaces and its applications
Authors: Rashid M.H.M. , Altaweel Nifeen Hussain
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we introduce a new fuzzy contraction mapping and prove that such mappings have fixed point in τ-complete fuzzy metric spaces. As an application, we shall utilize the results obtained to show the existence and uniqueness of random solution for the following random linear random operator equation. Moreover, we shall show the existence and uniqueness of the solutions for nonlinear Volterra integral equations on a kind of particular fuzzy metric space.
Secured data transmission for VANETS using CNN based trust aware clustering
Authors: Annamalai Tamizhselvi , Liju Anton J. , Yoganathan P.
Published: August 2022

Intelligent transport system is a greatly emerging technology in recent years. The stability and reliability of these systems is very important. In vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET), the data transmission process can be improved by employing clustering process. The nodes can be clustered in order to utilize the maximum bandwidth of the network and improving network stability. In VANETs it is to introduce road safety and driver safety. In addition, security is a major concern and the malicious nodes need to be accurately detected. Several kinds of attacks can present in the VANETs. Hence an efficient authentication method and trust aware method is essentially required. In this work, stability assured CNN based trust aware clustering and authenticated transmission is introduced. For data authentication quantum cryptography technique is employed. In clustering process, trust degree of nodes is computed, vehicle speed is observed, direction of vehicle and distance among nodes are taken. In addition, for ensuring more safety, the critical data transmission is given higher priority. Therefore in clustering, data criticality parameter is also considered. For cluster formation, convolution neural network is employed. After the clustering process, the quantum cryptography based authentication is implemented for vehicle units and road side units. Data among these units are transmitted with quantum channel encryption key. Then simulation results are observed for validating the proposed protocol.
The role of nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in diagnosis of late onset neonatal sepsis
Authors: Mohamed H.I. , ELMeneza S.A. , EL-Bagoury I. M.S.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates. Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a core element for innate immune protection. The study aims to estimate the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in full term newborn infants who suffer from late onset sepsis, in order to assess its diagnostic value. METHOD: This case-control study was conducted in NICU. 40 newborns with late onset sepsis, and 40 control neonates were included. The analysis of NLRP3 inflammasome was done by ELISA. RESULTS: There was a significant elevation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the serum of neonates with late onset sepsis group than the control group, P values were < 0.001, and the best cut off value of NLRP3 to detect late onset septic was > 3 ng/ml with sensitivity of 92.5% and specificity of 97.5%. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the best cut off point of NLRP3 to predict mortality in cases group was > 7.29 with sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 91.67%, PPV of 50.0%, NPV of 97.1% and total accuracy of 0.84%. n-SOFA scoring system increased significantly among LOS group and there was positive correlation with NLRP 3 inflammasome, P < 0.012. CONCLUSION: NLRP3 inflammasome can be used for the diagnosis of late onset neonatal sepsis. The increase of its values was not affected by gender, birth weight, gestational age and postnatal age. It was the novel sepsis markers that were not fully studied in neonatal population. The prognostic values may need further studies.
A survey of inpatient pediatric rehabilitation practices across the United States1
Authors: Philip Kemly , Bosques Glendaliz
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE: Objectives included identifying programs that provide pediatric inpatient rehabilitation services (IPRs) across the United States (US), describing differences in location, admission criteria, available resources, personnel and staffing, and populations served between pediatric rehabilitation programs with the overall goal to evaluate rehabilitation needs in geographical areas with limited access for targeted program development. METHODS: Online survey emailed to pediatric physiatrists who worked or directed IPRs and completed between December 2018 to March 2019. RESULTS: Fifty respondents completed the survey of the seventy-one distributed. Fifty percent of pediatric inpatient rehabilitation services are within a free-standing pediatric hospital with an average of 14 beds. Twenty-eight programs provide acute services with almost half providing accredited specialized programming. All respondents reported that inpatient rehabilitation treatment teams included pediatric physiatry, nursing, social work, and core therapy disciplines. CONCLUSION: Although characteristics of pediatric inpatient rehabilitation services vary, similarities exist with respect to team composition, clinical coverage, admission or documentation criteria, and outcome measures. The geographic distribution of pediatric IPRs including available specialty programming reveals resource-limited areas. Results from this study emphasize how practice standards or fiscal limitations impact program structure, resources, and ultimately short- and long-term healthcare outcomes among the population of pediatric rehabilitation patients.
Exploring the Natural Gas Landscape in India
Authors: Shojaeinia Sayeh , Sharma Shashwat , Gosnell Greer , Bazilian Morgan
Published: August 2022

This paper considers the growing importance of natural gas in India’s energy landscape. India, like other developing economies, faces enormous challenges in providing a source of energy that is secure, affordable, transportable, and relatively clean for sustained economic growth while moving towards a carbon neutral society. Natural gas has been identified by the government as one part of that solution. We focus our non-comprehensive review on three primary end uses of natural gas in India: city gas distribution (including household and transport), power generation, and industry (e.g., fertilizers, steel, refinery, petrochemicals). The allocation of domestically sourced natural gas for end-use sectors depends on central government policy guidelines. Also, less regulatory restriction is applied for imported gas, and the market can freely import liquefied natural gas. This review lays the groundwork for more detailed analysis, and for identifying tradeoffs between the use of natural gas versus other forms of energy for power and other sectors in the Indian context.
Future of UNEP
Authors: Kaniaru Donald W.
Published: August 2022

Environmental issue on to the global radar screen with the first UN Conference on Human Environment (UNCHE) hosted by the Swedish Government in Stockholm during 5–16 June 1972. The momentum generated by this historic meeting was attended by only two heads of Government of Sweden and India. It took place amid skepticism about the approach, the North-South divide and the idea that global problems need global solutions. It gave birth to a new UN environment entity – UNEP – that became the first major UN entity to be located in the African continent. The UN General Assembly driven global conferencing approach has stood the test of time as witnessed in subsequent summits at Rio de Janeiro (1992), Johannesburg (2002) and Rio+20 event (2012). Now the stage is set for the 50 years of the UNCHE. The first part took place in Nairobi during 3–4 March 2022. The second part will be held in Stockholm during 2–3 June 2022. The author has been privy as well as a participant in the making of UNEP from its inception and his life became intertwined with the life of UNEP. This article seeks to provide that firsthand account along with what went wrong and what lies ahead beyond Stockhom+50 event.
Getting it Right: Advances of Human Rights and the Environment
Authors: Ebbesson Jonas
Published: August 2022

The 1972 UN Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment (UNCHE) was ahead of its time in asserting that “Man has the fundamental right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life, in an environment of a quality that permits a life of dignity and well-being”. Fifty years later, at Stockholm+50, the human rights approach to environment protection has been significantly consolidated in international law and governance. The article describes and reflects on these developments from the 1972 Stockholm Conference to the 2022 Stockholm Meeting. The consolidation of the human rights approach to environment protection results from normative advances at regional and global scales, further world summits on environment and sustainable development, international treaty-making to protect the environment and human rights, international policy documents and declarations, and remarkable jurisprudential developments. In parallel, fundamental rights relating to the environment have also been recognised in numerous national constitutions and laws. While the human rights approach is not a panacea to resolve all environmental concerns, and to ascertain due concerns for non-human species and interests that are not directly linked to human well-being, it is a key to ensure that no one is left behind in the pursuit for sustainable development and prosperity.
A Question of Trust: A Reparative Legal Regime for Climate-induced Migration
Authors: Junker Kirk W. , Münster Saskia , Shinde Mrinalini
Published: August 2022

We are already witnessing climate-induced migration and thus must prepare to address the next decades of even more human mobility as a consequence of the climate disruption crisis. Fifty years after the Stockholm Conference, international environmental law still needs solutions to protect those persons most vulnerable to environmental harm. This paper seeks to focus on the concept of reparative justice as the theme and attitude of legal solutions, so as to refocus legal tools to provide relief to those persons who are displaced and dispossessed because of the climate disruption crisis. In this paper, we present possibilities for a reparative climate justice regime that could help to break the current cycle of harm and denial in which states are currently embroiled within international climate negotiations. This focus considers how careful solutions such as credit within the financial mechanisms under the Paris Agreement, in a spirit of trust and solidarity, could contribute to legal solutions to climate migration problems. The paper first iterates the scope and history of climate-induced migration in international law and then presents the case for reparations as a strong legal response to climate-induced migration, before finally exploring the legal avenues within international climate law wherein reparative justice and financing could potentially operate.