bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The management of necrosis-associated and idiopathic bone-marrow oedema of the proximal femur by intravenous iloprost
Authors: Disch A. C. , Matziolis G. , Perka C.
Published: March 2005

Bone-marrow oedema can occur both in isolation and in association with necrosis of bone, but it has not been shown whether each respond to the same methods of treatment.

We treated 16 patients with isolated oedema and 17, in which it was associated with necrosis of the proximal femur, with the prostacyclin derivative iloprost, which has been shown to be effective in the idiopathic form. The Harris hip score, the range of movement, the extent of the oedema as measured by MRI, pain on a visual analogue scale and patient satisfaction were recorded before and subsequent to treatment.

In both groups, we were able to show a significant improvement (p < 0.001) in these observations during the period of follow-up indicating that iloprost will produce clinical improvement in both circumstances.
Contact stress at the post-cam mechanism in posterior-stabilised total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Nakayama K. , Matsuda S. , Miura H. , Higaki H. , Otsuka K. , Iwamoto Y.
Published: March 2005

We measured the contact areas and contact stresses at the post-cam mechanism of a posterior-stabilised total knee arthroplasty when a posterior force of 500 N was applied to the Kirschner Performance, Scorpio Superflex, NexGen LPS Flex Fixed, and NexGen LPS Flex Mobile knee systems. Measurements were made at 90°, 120°, and 150° of flexion both in neutral rotation and 10° of internal rotation of the tibial component. Peak contact stresses at 90°, 120°, and 150° were 24.0, 33.9, and 28.8 MPa, respectively, for the Kirschner; 26.0, 32.4, and 22.1 MPa, respectively, for the Scorpio; and 34.1, 31.5, and 32.5 MPa, respectively, for the NexGen LPS Flex Fixed. With an internally rotated tibia, the contact stress increased significantly with all the fixed-bearing arthroplasties but not with the NexGen LPS Flex Mobile arthroplasty. The post-cam design should be modified in order to provide a larger contact area whilst avoiding any impingement and edge loading.
Glove perforation and contamination in primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Al-Maiyah M. , Bajwa A. , Finn P. , Mackenney P. , Hill D. , Port A. , Gregg P. J.
Published: March 2005

We conducted a randomised, controlled trial to determine whether changing gloves at specified intervals can reduce the incidence of glove perforation and contamination in total hip arthroplasty. A total of 50 patients were included in the study. In the study group (25 patients), gloves were changed at 20-minute intervals or prior to cementation. In the control group (25 patients), gloves were changed prior to cementation. In addition, gloves were changed in both groups whenever there was a visible puncture. Only outer gloves were investigated.

Contamination was tested by impression of gloved fingers on blood agar and culture plates were subsequently incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. The number of colonies and types of organisms were recorded. Glove perforation was assessed using the water test. The incidence of perforation and contamination was significantly lower in the study group compared with the control group. Changing gloves at regular intervals is an effective way to decrease the incidence of glove perforation and bacterial contamination during total hip arthroplasty.
Internal fixation versus hemiarthroplasty for displaced fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients with severe cognitive impairment
Authors: Blomfeldt R. , Törnkvist H. , Ponzer S. , Söderqvist A. , Tidermark J.
Published: March 2005

We studied 60 patients with an acute displaced fracture of the femoral neck and with a mean age of 84 years. They were randomly allocated to treatment by either internal fixation with cannulated screws or hemiarthroplasty using an uncemented Austin Moore prosthesis. All patients had severe cognitive impairment, but all were able to walk independently before the fracture. They were reviewed at four, 12 and 24 months after surgery. Outcome assessments included complications, revision surgery, the status of activities of daily living (ADL), hip function according to the Charnley score and the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) according to the Euroqol (EQ-5D) (proxy report).

General complications and the rate of mortality at two years (42%) did not differ between the groups. The rate of hip complications was 30% in the internal fixation group and 23% in the hemiarthroplasty group; this was not significant. There was a trend towards an increased number of re-operated patients in the internal fixation group compared with the hemiarthroplasty group, 33% and 13%, respectively (p = 0.067), but the total number of surgical procedures which were required did not differ between the groups. Of the survivors at two years, 54% were totally dependent in ADL functions and 60% were bedridden or wheelchair-bound regardless of the surgical procedure. There was a trend towards decreased mobility in the hemiarthroplasty group (p = 0.066). All patients had a very low HRQOL even before the fracture. The EQ-5Dindex score was significantly worse in the hemiarthroplasty group compared with the internal fixation group at the final follow-up (p < 0.001).

In our opinion, there is little to recommend hemiarthroplasty with an uncemented Austin Moore prosthesis compared with internal fixation, in patients with severe cognitive dysfunction.
Ultrasound-guided needling combined with shock-wave therapy for the treatment of calcifying tendonitis of the shoulder
Authors: Krasny C. , Enenkel M. , Aigner N. , Wlk M. , Landsiedl F.
Published: March 2005

We carried out a prospective, randomised controlled trial on two groups of 40 patients with painful calcific tendonitis and a mean age of 48.4 years (32.5 to 67.3). All were to undergo arthroscopic removal of the calcific deposit within six months after randomisation. The 40 patients in group I received ultrasound-guided needling followed by high-energy shock-wave therapy and the 40 in group II had shock-wave therapy alone. In both groups one treatment consisting of 2500 impulses of shock waves with an energy flux density of 0.36 mJ/mm2was applied. The clinical and radiological outcome was assessed using the 100-point Constant shoulder scoring system and standardised radiographs. The mean follow-up was 4.1 months and no patient was lost to follow-up.

Both groups had significant improvement in their Constant shoulder score. Radiographs showed disappearance of the calcific deposit in 60.0% of the shoulders in group I and in 32.5% of group II (p < 0.05). Significantly better clinical and radiological results were obtained in group I than in group II. Arthroscopic removal of the deposit was avoided in 32 patients of group I and in 22 of group II. No severe side-effects were recorded.

Ultrasound-guided needling in combination with high-energy shock-wave therapy is more effective than shock-wave therapy alone in patients with symptomatic calcific tendonitis, giving significantly higher rates of elimination of the calcium deposits, better clinical results and reduction in the need for surgery.
Thoracic penetration following mid-shaft clavicular fracture
Authors: Muller S. D. , Al-Maiyah M. , Hui A. C. , Adedapo A. O.
Published: March 2005

We describe a patient who sustained a widely displaced, high-energy, mid-shaft clavicular fracture in association with brachial plexus damage. The distal fragment was subsequently found to have penetrated the thoracic cavity. We describe the treatment of this rare injury with a successful outcome.
The Elite Plus total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Walton N. P. , Darrah C. , Shepstone L. , Donell S. T. , Phillips H.
Published: March 2005

We prospectively studied 217 patients who underwent 234 Elite Plus total hip arthroplasties. At a mean of 6.4 (SD 0.7) years post-operatively, 39 patients had died and 22 were either lost to follow-up or had no radiographs available. Clinical (Oxford hip score) and radiological assessments were performed on 156 patients (168 hip arthroplasties) who had a mean age of 67.7 (SD 9.7) years at operation.

In the assessed group, 26 of 159 (16.4%) of femoral stems which had not already been revised and 19 of 159 (11.9%) of acetabular cups were definitely loose. In total, 52 of 168 (31%) of hips had either been revised or had definite evidence of loosening of a component. We could not establish any relationship between clinical and radiological outcomes.

Despite the fact that the clinical outcome and rate of revision for the Elite Plus appeared to meet international standards, our findings give us cause for concern. We believe that joint registries should include radiological surveillance in order to provide reliable information about medium-term outcomes for hip prostheses.
The celebration of violence: A live‐fire demonstration carried out by Japan's contemporary military
Authors: Ben‐Ari Eyal , Frühstück Sabine
Published: March 2005

In this article we analyze an annual live‐fire exercise held by Japan's Self‐Defense Forces for the general public. On the basis of our analysis, we suggest that anthropologists seriously examine the military establishments of technologically advanced societies. If anthropologists want to understand violent acts, we need to study the perpetrators of such acts and not only their victims. In most of the scholarly literature, violence is seen as anomalous and disruptive—as the reverse of social order. In contrast, we demonstrate how violence can also be understood as an object of fascination, enjoyment, and celebration. We show how the link between violence and the military is variously concealed, naturalized, or blurred in events such as the live‐fire exercise.
Specialization of the rural: Reinterpreting the labor mobility of rural young women in post‐Mao China
Authors: Hairong Yan
Published: March 2005

In this article I examine rural Chinese women's migration to the cities before and after the post‐Mao reform. I argue that rural young women's pursuit of a modern identity during the more recent migration has to be understood in the context of a changed rural‐urban relationship resulting from China's postsocialist development in an era of flexible accumulation. I analyze how a contradiction between freedom and violence dialectically constitutes the search for a new, modern subjectivity by rural young women in China today.
Celibacy, Culture and Society: The Anthropology of Sexual Abstinence
Authors: Hirsch Jennifer S.
Published: March 2005

Celibacy, Culture and Society: The Anthropology of Sexual Abstinence. Elisa J. Sobo and Sandra Bell. eds. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2001. vii. 274 pp., index.
Blood Politics: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma
Authors: Beard‐Moose Christina
Published: March 2005

Blood Politics: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. Circe Sturm. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. xi. 249 pp., photographs, notes, bibliography, index.
Badfellas: Crime, Tradition, and New Masculinities
Authors: Frank Katherine
Published: March 2005

Badfellas: Crime, Tradition, and New Masculinities. Simon Winlow. Oxford: Berg, 2001. ix+ 192 pp., bibliography, index.
Phase II Trial of Oral Rubitecan in Previously Treated Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Burris Howard A. , Rivkin Saul , Reynolds Robert , Harris Jules , Wax Arnold , Gerstein Hal , Mettinger Karl L. , Staddon Arthur
Published: March 2005

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the current standard of care for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer.State the rationale for treating refractory, advanced pancreatic cancer with the novel oral topoisomerase-I inhibitor rubitecan.Describe how the phase II trial results of oral rubitecan in pretreated, advanced pancreatic cancer compare with those from prior trials of rubitecan and gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer.

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Background. Additional systemic treatments for locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer are needed, as current treatment options produce only modest survival benefits. Rubitecan (Orathecin™; Supergen Inc., Dublin, CA, http://www.supergen.com) is an orally active camptothecin derivative with demonstrated responses in patients with pancreatic cancer in early clinical trials. This phase II, open-label trial was developed to assess the safety and efficacy of rubitecan in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer refractory to conventional chemotherapy.

Methods. Fifty-eight patients with failed or relapsed advanced pancreatic cancer after receiving at least one prior chemotherapy regimen were enrolled to receive eight consecutive weeks of treatment with rubitecan at a dose of 1.5 mg/m2 orally on five consecutive days per week, followed by 2 days off therapy, repeatedly. The primary end point was response rate. Time to progression, overall survival, changes in CA19-9 levels, and the composite measure of clinical benefit response were evaluated as secondary end points.

Results. Among 43 patients with measurable disease, 7% (3/43) achieved partial responses and 16% (7/43) had disease stabilization for an overall response and disease stabilization rate of 23%. All responses were confirmed by independent radiology review. Median survival was longer in responding patients than in the overall study cohort (10 months versus 3 months). Gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicities were the most commonly reported adverse events.

Conclusion. Oral rubitecan produced responses and was well tolerated by heavily pretreated patients with refractory pancreatic cancer. The overall risk-benefit profile of oral rubitecan appears promising, supporting further evaluation in phase III trials in patients with refractory and chemotherapy-naïve pancreatic cancer.
Solid‐Phase Immunoassays
Authors: Lynes Michael A.
Published: March 2005

Solid‐phase quantitative immunoassays are some of the most commonly used diagnostic tests for both soluble antigen composition and the assessment of cellular functions. These immunoassays (e.g., ELISA, ELISPOT) provide a highly sensitive means to measure the presence of antigen in defined and homogeneous samples such as purified proteins in buffer, as well as in undefined heterogenous biological samples such as cell lysates, tissue culture supernatants, blood, and other clinical samples. The sensitivity of these assays can enable (under optimal conditions) detection of protein concentrations in the picogram range. A recent modification of the basic ELISA immunoassay takes advantage of the phenomenon of grating‐coupled surface plasmon resonance (GCSPR) to provide a label‐free real‐time variant of this solid‐phase immunoassay. Using GCSPR, similar assessments of antigen‐antibody interactions can be done with smaller sample sizes and in a microarray format that enables the simultaneous measurement of large numbers of antibody/antigen interactions on the same sensor chip. These measurements allow for a highly refined and sensitive determination of the effects that toxins can have on biological systems, and they can be applied to a variety of immune and non‐immune protein, cell, and tissue evaluations.
The Colorimetric Detection and Quantitation of Total Protein
Authors: Krohn Randall I.
Published: March 2005

Protein quantification is an important step for handling protein samples for isolation and characterization; it is a prerequisite step before submitting proteins for chromatographic, electrophoretic, or immunochemical analysis and separation. Colorimetric methods are fast, simple, and not laborious. This unit describes a number of assays able to detect protein concentrations in the low microgram to milligram per milliliter ranges in a variety of formats.
In Vitro Models of Human T Cell Anergy
Authors: Appleman Leonard J. , Boussiotis Vassiliki
Published: March 2005

T cell anergy (acquired unresponsiveness) is an important mechanism for tolerance of self antigens. Human helper T cell clones rendered anergic in vitro are valuable tools for studying the molecular mechanisms of T cell tolerance. This unit outlines the induction and assessment of anergy in human CD4+ helper T cell clones that are reactive against MHC class II alloantigens.
Identification of Human Tumor Antigens by Serological Analysis of Recombinant cDNA Expression Libraries (SEREX)
Authors: Scanlan Matthew J.
Published: March 2005

The structural definition of human tumor antigens recognized by the autologous host has been a long‐standing challenge in tumor immunology. The growing list of human tumor antigens recognized by autologous antibodies or cytotoxic T lymphocytes provides convincing evidence for immune recognition of cancer by the host of origin, as well as attractive targets for vaccine‐based approaches to cancer therapy. In this regard, an approach called SEREX (serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries) has broad applicability to the analysis of the humoral immune response to cancer antigens. This method involves immunoscreening cDNA libraries prepared from tumor specimens with sera from cancer patients in order to identify gene products recognized by IgG antibody. Clones identified by SEREX can be directly sequenced, providing immediate structural definition of the antigenic target, and their expression profiles can be readily determined, providing information regarding their tissue distribution. Application of this technique has led to the discovery of a number of provocative tumor antigens.
Barth syndrome: TAZ gene mutations, mRNAs, and evolution
Authors: Gonzalez Iris L.
Published: March 2005

Barth syndrome (MIM 302060) is an X‐linked condition that includes dilated cardiomyopathy, neutropenia, failure to thrive, abnormal mitochondria, and 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria. The mutated gene, TAZ, first described in 1996, appeared to produce a large set of alternatively spliced mRNAs with initiations of transcription upstream of exons 1 and 3. Since then, disease‐causing mutations have been found in all exons including, most recently, a missense mutation in the controversial exon 5. Because of the initially described second initiation of transcription in intron 2, with in‐frame initiation of translation in exon 3, we hypothesized that subjects with mutations in exons 1 and 2 would produce more normal “short product” that might attenuate their phenotype. Moreover, it was of interest to determine which splice variants were potentially functional as exon 5 is not present in yeast and rodents, and the variant lacking this exon is the most abundant. Using RT‐PCR, we characterized TAZ mRNAs in cultured lymphocytes from nine subjects with Barth syndrome and two healthy controls. The TAZ genes and mRNAs of primates were also included. We found the following: (1) there is only one site for initiation of transcription, and the normal alternatively spliced assortment is limited to full‐length, Δ5, Δ7, Δ5Δ7; (2) there are two alternative splice sites within introns 1 and 2 that could potentially produce an in‐frame product; (3) exon 5 evolved into “exonhood” in the primate lineage after the split between Old World monkeys and hominoid primates; and (4) our results suggest that only two functional protein variants exist in lymphocytes: Δ5 and full‐length. Although exon 5 does not appear to be required for TAZ function in yeast and monkeys, its evolution to a highly conserved spliced exon in hominoid primates and the recent finding of an exon 5 mutation in a patient with Barth syndrome suggest that the full‐length variant is important to TAZ function. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Creatine metabolism in combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria
Authors: Bodamer Olaf A. , Sahoo Trilochan , Beaudet Arthur L. , O'Brien William E. , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Stöckler‐Ipsiroglu Sylvia , Wagner Conrad , Scaglia Fernando
Published: March 2005

Methylation is an important aspect of many fundamental biological processes including creatine biosynthesis. We studied five patients with an inborn error of cobalamin metabolism to characterize the relation between homocysteine and creatine metabolism. Plasma guanidinoacetate concentrations were increased, 14.9 ± 4.8μmol/L (p < 0.0001), whereas plasma creatine concentrations were in the low reference range, 43.8 ± 20.7μmol/L (p = not significant). Individuals with combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria have a functional impairment of the creatine synthetic pathway probably secondary to a relative depletion of labile methyl groups. The neurotoxic effects of guanidinoacetate may be partly responsible for the observed neurological phenotype. Ann Neurol 2005;57:557–560
Nogo expression in muscle correlates with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis severity
Authors: Jokic Natasa , Gonzalez de Aguilar Jose‐Luis , Pradat Pierre‐François , Dupuis Luc , Echaniz‐Laguna Andoni , Muller André , Dubourg Odile , Seilhean Danielle , Hauw Jean‐Jacques , Loeffler Jean‐Philippe , Meininger Vincent
Published: March 2005

Nogo, a protein inhibiting axonal regeneration, exhibits a characteristic isoform‐specific pattern of expression in skeletal muscle of transgenic mice and patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, the increased levels of Nogo‐A or Nogo‐B in muscle biopsies of 15 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients significantly correlated with the severity of clinical disability and with the degree of muscle fiber atrophy. Nogo‐A immunoreactivity was observed selectively in atrophic slow‐twitch type I fibers. These results suggest that Nogo expression in muscle is a marker of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis severity. Ann Neurol 2005;57:553–556
Metabolic penumbra of acute brain infarction: A correlation with infarct growth
Authors: Shimosegawa Eku , Hatazawa Jun , Ibaraki Masanobu , Toyoshima Hideto , Suzuki Akifumi
Published: March 2005

Volume expansion associated with brain infarction occurs in perfusion–diffusion mismatch of magnetic resonance imaging. We aimed at elucidating the metabolic impairment of this phenomenon with 15O positron emission tomography and perfusion and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Eleven patients with acute unilateral embolic occlusion of the internal carotid or middle cerebral artery were studied within 6 hours of onset. Regional cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were compared with those in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. The relative apparent diffusion coefficient of water was estimated as a marker of cytotoxic edema. Relative cerebral blood flow and relative CMRO2 in an evolving infarct (normal diffusion initially, but abnormal on day 3) were significantly (p < 0.05) less than those in the periinfarct area (normal diffusion initially and on day 3). The relative apparent diffusion coefficient between the evolving infarct and periinfarct showed no significant difference. These findings indicated that the initial 3‐day volume expansion of an embolic brain infarction was associated with disturbed CMRD2 but not with cytotoxic edema as early as 6 hours after onset. The “metabolic penumbra” defined as normal water diffusion with depressed CMRO2 is a target to reduce the volume expansion of brain infarction. Ann Neurol 2005;57:495–504
Reply to Comments on “Highly Antimalaria‐Active Artemisinin Derivatives: Biological Activity Does Not Correlate with Chemical Reactivity”
Authors: Haynes Richard K.
Published: March 2005

In light of the discussion on C10‐substituted derivatives of the antimalarial agent artemisinin in the preceding correspondence article which relates to his earlier work, R. K. Haynes reiterates here that there is no correlation between the ability of artemisinins to react with heme‐ or non‐heme‐FeII and their antimalarial activity.
Cover Picture: Actinyl Peroxide Nanospheres (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 14/2005)
Authors: Burns Peter C. , Kubatko Karrie‐Ann , Sigmon Ginger , Fryer Brian J. , Gagnon Joel E. , Antonio Mark R. , Soderholm L
Published: March 2005

Structurally tuneable spheroids offer the opportunity to systematically probe electronic, magnetic, and catalytic properties on the nanoscale. In their Communication on page 2135 ff., P. C. Burns et al. describe the self‐assembly of nanospheres based on actinyl ions. Furthermore, they report how these nanospheres could form in nuclear waste and so have an impact on the mobility of actinides in the environment. The cover picture shows a polyhedral representation of a spherical actinyl peroxide nanocluster.
Stereocontrol in Alkyne Cyclocarbonylation Reactions Promoted by a Bioxazoline Palladium(ii) Complex
Authors: Carfagna Carla , Gatti Giuseppe , Mosca Luca , Paoli Paola , Guerri Annalisa
Published: March 2005

Insertion of 1,2‐disubstituted alkynes into [Pd(CH3)(CO)(BIOX)]+[B{3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3}4]− (1), where BIOX=(4S,4′S)‐(−)‐4,4′,5,5′‐tetrahydro‐4,4′‐bis(1‐methylethyl)‐2,2′‐bioxazole, leads to the formation of five‐membered palladacycles, which, by reaction with carbon monoxide, produce a mixture of two diastereomeric forms of a palladium complex containing an η3‐allylic γ‐lactone ligand. On leaving the mixture in solution, one isomer was converted into the other, reaching a diastereomeric excess of up to 94 %. The steric and electronic factors responsible for the epimerization process were investigated by theoretical methods. Cleavage of the η3‐allylpalladium bond by nucleophiles allowed highly substituted chiral butenolides to be synthesized in good enantiomeric excess.
From a Monomer to a Protein‐Sized, Doughnut‐Shaped Coordination Oligomer—The Influence of Side Chains of C3‐Symmetric Ligands in Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Müller Iris M. , Möller Daniela , Föcker Kirsten
Published: March 2005

Herein we describe the importance of side chains in C3‐symmetric ligands in supramolecular chemistry. The reaction of the new ligand tris(5‐bromo‐2‐methoxybenzylidene)triaminoguanidinium chloride [H3Me3Br3L]Cl (1) with ZnCl2 results in the formation of the monomeric complex (Et3NH)2[(ZnCl2)3Me3Br3L] (2), in which the ligand remains in a conformation less favourable for the coordination of metal centres. The use of the related tris(5‐bromo‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene)triaminoguanidinium chloride, [H6Br3L]Cl, under similar conditions, results in the formation of two different dimeric compounds (NH4)[{[Zn(NH3)]3Br3L}2{μ‐(OH)}3]⋅1/4MeOH (3) and [Zn{Zn2(OH2)3(NH3)Br3L}2] (4), depending on the solvent mixture used. The comparable reaction of the ligand tris(5‐bromo‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzylidene)triaminoguanidinium chloride [H6(OMe)3Br3L]Cl (5), leads to the formation of a doughnut‐shaped, protein‐sized coordination oligomer (Et3NH)18[{Zn[Zn2Cl{(OMe)3Br3L}]2}6(μ‐Cl)6(OH2)6]⋅x CH3CN (6), which comprises six dimeric [Zn5{(OMe)3Br3L}2] units. Whereas 3 and 4 decompose in DMSO solution, 6 is surprisingly stable in the same solvent.
The Magnetism of Sm3Ag4Sn4 and Gd3Ag4Sn4.
Authors: Mazzone D. , Riani P. , Napoletano M. , Canepa F.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Ternary System: Hafnium—Silicon—Uranium.
Authors: Weitzer F. , Rogl P. , Noel H.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Pyrazoline and Isoxazoline in Triethanolamine Medium.
Authors: Agrawal Nitin N. , Soni P. A.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New, Simple Procedure for the Synthesis of Formyl Amides.
Authors: De Luca Lidia , Giacomelli Giampaolo , Porcheddu Andrea , Salaris Margherita
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Catalyzed Acylation of Alcohols, Phenols, Amines and Thiols Based on ZrOCl2×8H2O and Acetyl Chloride in Solution and in Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Ghosh Rina , Maiti Swarupananda , Chakraborty Arijit
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Efficient Synthesis of Alkoxy‐esters from Hydroxy Carboxylic Acids Using Dimsyllithium in Dimethylsulfoxide Followed by Alkylation with an Alkyl Halide.
Authors: Page Philip C. Bulman , Chan Yohan , Heaney Harry , McGrath Matthew J. , Moreno Eduardo
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bidentate Amidine Ligands for Nickel(0)‐Mediated Coupling of Carbon Dioxide with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons.
Authors: Aoki Masao , Kaneko Motomu , Izumi Sawa , Ukai Kazutoshi , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improved Synthesis of 2,3‐Dibromo‐1‐(phenylsulfonyl)‐1‐propene (DBP).
Authors: VanZanten Aaron , Mullaugh Katherine , Harrigton Ryan , Kiefer Adam , Carlson David , Mastarone Dan , Lipchik Corey , Murphree S. Shaun
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Potential Plant Growth Regulators: Synthesis and Activity of New Substituted N‐(2‐benzoyl‐4‐chlorophenyl)benzamides and N‐[4‐Chloro‐2‐(α,α‐hydroxyphenylmethyl)phenyl]benzamides.
Authors: Hatim Jaywant Govind , Joshi Vidya
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Approach to Fluorinated Tetra‐Substituted Alkenes via Bis‐Suzuki Coupling Reaction of 2‐Trifluoromethyl‐1,1‐dibromoalkenes.
Authors: Li You‐Hua , Zhao Xiao‐Ming , Lu Long
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Concerning the Efficient Conversion of Epoxy Alcohols into Epoxy Ketones Using Dioxiranes.
Authors: D'Accolti Lucia , Fusco Caterina , Annese Cosimo , Rella Maria R. , Turteltaub Joanna S. , Williard Paul G. , Curci Ruggero
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design, Synthesis and anti‐Microbial Activity of 1H‐Pyrazole Carboxylates.
Authors: Sridhar Radhakrishnan , Perumal Paramasivam T. , Etti Sundaresan , Shanmugam Guruswamy , Ponnuswamy Mondikalipudur N. , Prabavathy Vaiyapuri R. , Mathivanan Narayanasamy
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of New Surfactants Mono and Bipolar Derived from 1,2,4‐Triazole‐5‐thione.
Authors: Chebabe Driss , Dermaj Ahmed , El Abidine Ait Chikh Zine , Hajjaji Najat , Rico‐Lattes Isabelle , Lattes Armand
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient, Simple, and Eco‐Friendly Method for the Synthesis of Sydnone‐Containing Thiazoles under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Kalluraya Balakrishna , Rai Ganesha
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pt‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Pyridylthiolation of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Hirai Takayoshi , Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of Certain Novel Mannich Bases Bearing 1,8‐Naphthyridine Moiety.
Authors: Mogilaiah K. , Sakram B.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of Some Active Carbonyl Compounds with 4‐Aryl‐1,6‐diamino‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarbonitrile Derivatives.
Authors: Harb A. A.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Synthesis and Evaluation of [2.2.1]‐Bicycloazahydantoins as Androgen Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Balog Aaron , et al. et al.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of the Fragrant Compound Calone 1951®.
Authors: Drevermann Britta , Lingham Anthony , Huegel Helmut , Marriott Philip
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Menverins A—D, New Highly Oxygenated Guaiane Lactones from Hainan Gorgonian Menella verrucosa (Brundin)
Authors: Zhang Wen , Guo Yue‐Wei , Mollo Ernesto , Cimino Guido
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Carene Terpenoids by Gold‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions.
Authors: Fuerstner Alois , Hannen Peter
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chimeric Cyclodepsipeptides as Mimetics for the Anthelmintic PF1022A.
Authors: Dyker Hubert , Harder Achim , Scherkenbeck Juergen
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of a Tripeptide Derivative Containing the Gln‐Arg Hydroxyethylene Dipeptide Isostere
Authors: Brewer Matthias , James Clint A. , Rich Daniel H.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Short and Stereoselective Synthesis of C‐Glycosylated Glycine Derivatives from Glycals by Radical Addition and Reduction.
Authors: Sommermann Thomas , Kim Boo Geun , Peters Karl , Peters Eva‐Maria , Linker Torsten
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Synthesis of Linear Furoquinoline Alkaloids.
Authors: Bhoga Umadevi , Mali R. S. , Adapa Srinivas R.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Bioactive Flavonol Glycoside from Desmodium gangeticum DC.
Authors: Yadava R. N. , Reddy K. Indra Sena
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of New Polycyclic β‐Lactams via One‐Pot Enyne Metathesis and Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Desroy Nicolas , Robert‐Peillard Fabien , Toueg Julie , Henaut Charlotte , Duboc Romain , Rager Marie‐Noelle , Savignac Monique , Genet Jean‐Pierre
Published: March 2005

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Role of Water in Electron‐Initiated Processes and Radical Chemistry: Issues and Scientific Advances
Authors: Garrett Bruce C. , et al. et al.
Published: March 2005

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Layered Metal Chalcogenides
Authors: Oriakhi Christopher O. , Lerner Michael M.
Published: March 2005

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Some Elements of Oxygen Non‐Stoichiometry in Manganites
Authors: Baerner K. , Raveau B. , Troyanchuk I. O.
Published: March 2005

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Investigations on Butterfly Fe/S Cluster S‐Centered Anions (μ‐S‐)2Fe2(CO)6, (μ‐S‐)(μ‐RS)Fe2(CO)6, and Related Species
Authors: Song Li‐Cheng
Published: March 2005

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Half‐Sandwich Complexes of Iron and Tungsten with Silanol‐Functionalized Cyclopentadienyl Ligand
Authors: Sohns Andreas , Bera Holger , Schumacher Dirk , Malisch Wolfgang
Published: March 2005

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Synthesis of Phosphonic Analogues of Carnitine and γ‐Amino‐β‐hydroxybutyric Acid
Authors: Tadeusiak Elzbieta J.
Published: March 2005

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Pyrimidines
Authors: von Angerer S.
Published: March 2005

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Modern Synthetic Methods for Fluorine‐Substituted Target Molecules
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: March 2005

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The Lycopodium Alkaloids
Authors: Ma Xiaoqiang , Gang David R.
Published: March 2005

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Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Building Blocks for Statin Side Chains
Authors: Mueller Michael
Published: March 2005

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The 2 x 3 Toolbox of Organometallic Methods for Regiochemically Exhaustive Functionalization
Authors: Schlosser Manfred
Published: March 2005

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Trifluoromethyl Group: An Effective Xenobiotic Function for Peptide Backbone Modification
Authors: Zanda Matteo
Published: March 2005

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Memory of Chirality: An Emerging Strategy for Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Zhao Hongwu , Hsu Danny C. , Carlier Paul R.
Published: March 2005

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Chiral Macrocycles
Authors: Lee Suk Joong , Lin Wenbin
Published: March 2005

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A Thermodynamic “Vocabulary” for Metal Ion Interactions in Biological Systems
Authors: Rodgers M. T. , Armentrout P. B.
Published: March 2005

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Historical Aspects of EPR Parameter Calculations
Authors: Neese Frank , Munzarova Marketa L.
Published: March 2005

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X‐Ray Crystallographic Analysis of Picrates
Authors: Takayanagi Hiroaki , Goto Motoaki , Takeda Kazuyoshi , Osa Yumiko
Published: March 2005

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Fluorine in Crystal Engineering — “The Little Atom That Could”
Authors: Reichenbaecher Katharina , Suess Heike I. , Hulliger Juerg
Published: March 2005

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Post‐reperfusion changes of monocyte function in coronary blood after extracorporeal circulation
Authors: Sbrana Silverio , Bevilacqua Stefano , Buffa Manuela , Spiller Dario , Parri Maria Serena , Gianetti Jacopo , De Filippis Rossella , Clerico Aldo
Published: March 2005

Background

Neutrophil and mononuclear cell functional changes represent a hallmark of inflammation during cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiovascular surgery. Knowledge of mechanisms underlying monocyte functional modulation in coronary blood may be useful to develop protective interventions that can limit ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Methods

Samples of 13 patients were drawn from venous coronary sinus before cardioplegic arrest and after reperfusion. The following parameters were studied: surface molecules expression (CD18, CD11b, CD44, CD162, CD15s, CD80, CD86, CD16, CD49d, CD29, CD25, HLA‐DR, Toll‐like receptor‐4 [TLR‐4], CXCR1, CCR2, CCR5, CX3CR1), oxidative burst response, monocyte‐platelet conjugates (using antibodies against CD45, CD14, CD41a), and platelet activation (CD62P, PAC‐1). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were performed to measure levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α).

Results

Coronary reperfusion down‐modulated monocyte molecules expression, especially for CD18 (P = 0.048), CD44 (P = 0.0035), CD49d (P = 0.0029), CD29 (P = 0.032), HLA‐DR (P < 0.0001), TLR‐4 (P = 0.0109), CCR2 (P = 0.0184), CCR5 (P = 0.0396), and CX3CR1 (P < 0.0001). A marginal increase (P = 0.062) of a normalized adhesion index between monocytes and platelets was observed at reperfusion. No variations were detected for the monocyte oxidative burst and platelet activation. Increased levels of IL‐6 (P = 0.013), TNF‐α (P = 0.0272), and IL‐10 (P = 0.0008) were measured after cardioplegia.

Conclusions

The lack of CD11b and CD25 variations and of the oxidative burst exclude monocyte activation at reperfusion. The high after‐cardioplegia level of IL‐10, the decreased expression of HLA‐DR and TLR‐4, and the absence of IL‐1β and IL‐8 suggest an IL‐10–mediated functional depression of monocyte, including their adhesive and migratory capacities. The lack of an after‐cardioplegia orientation toward IL‐10 producing a “macrophage‐like” CD14+/CD16+ phenotype might mean that myocardial infiltrating lymphocytes are the main source of IL‐10. Moreover, the increased after‐cardioplegia levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α might be due to myocardial and endothelial activations. The increased adhesion index between monocyte and platelets, without receptor variations, suggests a monocyte membrane modification induced by extracorporeal circulation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Residual insulin secretion at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is independently associated with both, age of onset and HLA genotype
Authors: Petrone A. , Galgani A. , Spoletini M. , Alemanno I. , Di Cola S. , Bassotti G. , Picardi A. , Manfrini S. , Osborn J. , Pozzilli P. , Buzzetti R.
Published: March 2005

Background

We investigated whether residual insulin secretion and metabolic derangement at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are influenced by human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class II genes.

Methods

Eight hundred and seventy‐one T1DM consecutive Caucasian patients were typed for HLA class II genes. In 300 of these patients, glycated haemoglobin, insulin requirement, baseline C‐peptide and body mass index (BMI) Z‐score were measured at clinical diagnosis. The effect of the HLA genotypes on the quantitative variables was investigated using multiple linear regression. The beta coefficient regression of the age at onset and HLA genotypes were standardized to compare their specific importance for C‐peptide levels.

Results

The HLA genotypes were divided in high‐, moderate‐ and low‐risk categories. The frequency of high‐risk genotype, DRB1*03‐DQB1*0201/DRB1*04‐DQB1*0302, decreased with increasing age of onset (p < 0.0001, χ2 linear trend). The presence of the high‐risk genotype was independently associated with lower C‐peptide levels at diagnosis (p = 0.002). In the regression analysis of C‐peptide levels, the standardized beta coefficient for age of onset and high risk compared to low‐risk genotypes showed similar results (0.27 and 0.24 respectively). There was a positive association between age of onset and C‐peptide (p < 0.0001) and a negative association between age of onset and insulin requirement (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The degree of beta‐cell destruction at diagnosis of T1DM is independently associated with both, age of onset and HLA genotypes, the two variables exert a similar quantitative effect on residual beta‐cell function at diagnosis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microwave‐assisted from synthesis of 2‐arylamino‐2‐imidazolines on a solid support
Authors: Genc Murat , Servi Süleyman
Published: March 2005

An efficient synthesis of 2‐arylamino‐2‐imidazolines from dimethyl N‐aryldithioimidocarbonates and ethylenediamine on solid support under microwave irradiation has been developed. The reaction time has been reduced from hours to minutes with improved yields as compared to conventional heating. Their piperidin‐4‐ylmethyl and morpholin‐4‐ylmethyl derivatives were synthesized by treatment with formaldehyde and piperidine or morpholine. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:142–222, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20081
1,3,5‐Triamino‐1,3,5‐trideoxy‐cis‐inositol, a Ligand with a Remarkable Versatility for Metal Ions. Part XIII
Authors: Hegetschweiler Kaspar , Egli André , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Alberto Roger , Gramlich Volker
Published: March 2005

The two neutral complexes [Re(CO)3(H−1taci)] (1) and [ReO3(H−1taci)] (2) (taci=1,3,5‐triamino‐1,3,5‐trideoxy‐cis‐inositol) were synthesized from the conventional ReI and ReVII precursors (Et4N)2[ReBr3(CO)3] and [ReO3(OSnMe3)]. The crystal structures of 1 and 2, which were determined by single crystal X‐ray analysis, are virtually isomorphous. Both compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnma, Z=4; 1: a=14.806(3), b=8.466(2), c=9.781(2) Å, 2: a=13.050(2), b=8.732(1), c=9.061(1) Å. In both complexes, the monodeprotonated H−1taci ligand is bonded to the Re center in an N,O,N‐coordination mode. The resulting molecular Cs symmetry is retained in the crystal structure and confirmed by IR spectroscopy of solid‐state samples. The observed binding mode of the ligand is discussed in terms of steric and electronic effects.
Mechanistic Studies of Metal Aqua Ions: A Semi‐Historical Perspective
Authors: Lincoln Stephen F.
Published: March 2005

A semi‐historical review of the establishment of the nature of metal aqua ions ranging from the alkali metal ions to the lanthanides and the mechanism of water exchange and ligand substitution on them is presented.
Aqueous Organometallic Chemistry. Synthesis and Solution Equilibria of Trisodium Carbonylchlorotris[3‐(diphenylphosphino‐κP)benzenesulfonato]hydridoruthenate(3−) ([RuH(Cl)(CO){m‐(Ph2P)C6H4SO3Na}3]) and Trisodium Aquacarbonyltris[3‐(diphenylphosphino‐κP)benzenesulfonato]hydridoruthenate(2−) Tetrafluoroborate(1−) ([RuH(CO)(H2O){m‐(Ph2P)C6H4SO3Na}3] [BF4])
Authors: Papp Gábor , Horváth Henrietta , Kathó Ágnes , Joó Ferenc
Published: March 2005

An improved procedure for the preparation of the known H2O‐soluble hydrogenation and hydroformylation catalyst, [RuH(Cl)(CO)(mtppms)3] (mtppms=meta‐monosulfonated triphenylphosphine) was developed. In contrast to the methods reported earlier, this synthesis yields the complex free of mtppms impurities. 1H‐ and 31P{H}‐NMR measurements revealed that in aqueous solution, [RuH(Cl)(CO)(mtppms)3] reversibly dissociated to give [RuH(CO)(H2O)(mtppms)3]+ (Scheme). The equilibrium constant of this dissociation was determined as 9.8⋅10−2 M at 293 K. Such a dissociation was not observed in MeOH but took place to varying degrees in MeOH/H2O mixtures of varying composition. [RuH(CO)(H2O)(mtppms)3][BF4] was also obtained on an independent synthetic route: by ligand exchange in [RuH(CO)(NCMe)2(PPh3)2][BF4] (Scheme). The results may help the understanding of the mechanisms of reactions catalyzed by [RuH(Cl)(CO)(mtppms)3] in aqueous solutions or in aqueous–organic biphasic systems.
H5dotasa (=(αRS)‐α‐(Carboxymethyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic Acid), an Asymmetrical Derivative of H4dota (=1,4,7,10‐Tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic Acid) Substituted at One Acetate Pendant Arm: 1H‐NMR and Potentiometric Studies of the Ligand and Its Lanthanide(III) Complexes
Authors: André João P. , Brücher Ernö , Kiraly Robert , Carvalho Rui A. , Mäcke Helmut , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C.
Published: March 2005

The ligand H5dotasa (=(αRS)‐α‐(carboxymethyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid) is a H4dota‐like macrocyclic ligand with a carboxymethyl CH2COOH substituent at the C(α) atom of one of the four acetate pendant arms of H4dota (=1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid), present as a racemic mixture of (αR) and (αS) enantiomers. The protonation constants of the ligand were determined by potentiometry, giving values close to those of H4dota except for the extra pK3 value of 5.35 assigned to protonation of the extra carboxylate group in the α‐substituted (=succinic acid) pendant arm. The 1H‐NMR spectra of H5dotasa at different pH values are too complex to allow the determination of its microscopic protonation scheme, due to the presence of multiple isomeric structures in solution. The thermodynamic stability constant of its Gd3+ chelate was determined by a potentiometric method, and the value obtained, log KML=27.2 (0.2), is higher than for the [Gd(dota)(OH2)]− complex. The solution structure of the asymmetric Ln3+ chelates of dotasa was studied by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, indicating the presence of four isomers, corresponding to the combination of the antiprismatic (M) and twisted antiprismatic (m) helicities of the pendant arms and to the (αR) and (αS) configurations at the substituted pendant arm. The m/M isomer ratio decreases along the lanthanide series, with the m isomer decreasing from 90% at La to ca. 50% from Eu–Lu. This shows that the expected m isomer population of the [Gd(dotasa)(OH2)]2− complex is higher than for the unsubstituted [Gd(dota)(OH2)]− (ca. 15%) but lower than for a Gd3+ chelate of an α,α′,α″,α′′′‐tetrasubstituted (RRRR)‐configurated dota (ca. 70%). Thus the stabilization of the m isomer by C' monosubstitution at the dota acetate pendant arm in [Gd(dotasa)(OH2)]2− is responsible for its increased H2O‐exchange rate and higher relaxivity.