bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Práticas assistenciais em saúde mental na atenção primária à saúde: análise a partir de experiências desenvolvidas em Florianópolis, Brasil
Authors: Frosi Raquel Valiente , Tesser Charles Dalcanale
Published: October 2015

ResumoAnalisou-se um conjunto de práticas assistenciais em saúde mental na atenção primária à saúde (APS) de Florianópolis, tendo como base a diferenciação proposta por Abílio Costa-Rosa entre os modos asilar-psiquiátrico e de atenção psicossocial. Os métodos envolveram: a) contextualização do campo empírico com a análise documental e entrevistas com gestores; b) mapeamento de intervenções em entrevistas com profissionais de nove equipes de ESF sorteadas; c) aprofundamento do entendimento destas ações em observações e entrevistas com profissionais e em 20 estudos de caso, que foram sistematizados conforme o fluxograma proposto por Merhy, por meio de entrevistas com usuários e análise dos prontuários. Identificou-se que ações voltadas ao acesso e monitoramento dos casos envolviam toda a equipe e que o acompanhamento era centralmente médico e farmacológico. Ações estruturadas a partir da palavra, do contexto sociocomunitário e do corpo também estiveram presentes e mostraram potencial para operar em uma perspectiva de valorização da autonomia e singularidade, estando, muitas vezes, subutilizadas pela falta de incorporação da abordagem psicossocial. Aponta-se a necessidade de avançar no modelo de atenção e na aproximação entre atenção psicossocial e APS.
A Interface entre a Atenção Primária e os Serviços Odontológicos de Urgência (SOU) no SUS: a interface entre níveis de atenção em saúde bucal
Authors: Austregésilo Silvia Carréra , Leal Márcia Carréra Campos , Figueiredo Nilcema , Góes Paulo Sávio Angeiras de
Published: October 2015

ResumoConsiderando que os serviços de urgência odontológica compõem a rede de referência e contrarreferência, interagindo na intersecção do atendimento primário, secundário e terciário, a presente pesquisa visou descrever a interface entre a atenção primária à saúde (APS), particularmente da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, e a atenção secundária em saúde bucal, utilizando-se dos Serviços Odontológicos de Urgência (SOU), no município do Recife. Trata-se de um estudo de caso qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo. A coleta de dados se deu a partir da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foi utilizada a análise clássica do ALCESTE a partir do Dendograma de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, permitindo compreender as expressões e cada uma das palavras pronunciadas pelos profissionais de odontologia, analisando-as a partir de seus lugares e inserções sociais. Evidenciamos uma frágil integração e pouca resolutividade entre os níveis de atenção, apresentando uma rede parcialmente desconectada. Indubitavelmente os problemas com a interface entre a atenção primária e os serviços de urgência em saúde bucal são múltiplos e complexos. As soluções individuais possuem baixa efetividade, sendo estas complexas em sua operacionalização.
Construção e desconstrução das Subprefeituras na cidade de São Paulo no governo Marta Suplicy
Authors: Grin Eduardo José
Published: October 2015

ResumoO objeto da pesquisa é a implantação das Subprefeituras na cidade de São Paulo na gestão petista da prefeita Marta Suplicy (2001/2004). O artigo busca contribuir para um tema carente na Ciência Política brasileira: a descentralização intramunicipal e seus impactos sobre o jogo político e administrativo. Realizou-se uma análise qualitativa em um estudo de caso, empregando process tracing para identificar as condições causais que incidiram na configuração política e administrativa das Subprefeituras. Discute-se como as Subprefeituras serviram para o governo para consolidar sua base de apoio parlamentar, apesar de secundarizar a democracia participativa nas regiões. Analisa-se como o governo enfrentou a resistência das Secretarias municipais temerosas de perder poder para as Subprefeituras. O artigo discute duas hipóteses. A primeira é que o governo recuou do proposto no projeto das Subprefeituras diante da oposição das Secretarias municipais, alimentada pela disputa interna no PT, partido majoritário da coalizão, e seus objetivos de poder nesses órgãos. A descentralização ficou condicionada ao nível de adesão das políticas setoriais. A segunda compreende que o governo abandonou o modelo de Subprefeituras como núcleos locais de poder amparados no controle social, pois essas passaram a servir para ampliar a política de alianças no parlamento, relegando o Orçamento Participativo a uma posição secundária. As hipóteses se confirmaram, pois a explicação causal sugerida se evidenciou na análise empírica. Administrativamente, o alcance limitado das Subprefeituras teve como causa central o temor das Secretarias de perderem poder para as regiões. A descentralização dependeu de como as Secretaria envolveram-se nesse processo. Politicamente, as Subprefeituras foram recursos para o governo ampliar sua coalizão de apoio, sendo essa a explicação causal da prioridade conferida pelo governo à lógica da vereança.
Relação entre a retenção de peso nos primeiros três meses pós-parto com ganho de peso e ingestão alimentar durante a gestação
Authors: Forte Cristina Carra , Bernardi Juliana Rombaldi , Goldani Marcelo Zubaran , Bosa Vera Lúcia
Published: October 2015

Objetivos:estudar a retenção de peso em mulheres nos primeiros três meses pós-parto e sua correlação com ganho de peso gestacional (GPG) e consumo alimentar.Métodos:estudo de coorte com 61 mulheres. Aplicou-se: Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA), Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) e questionário referente à amamentação e dados antropométricos. Realizaram-se avaliações entre 24 e 48 horas pós-parto, 7, 15, 30 e 90 dias. A retenção de peso deu-se pela subtração entre peso aos três meses pós-parto e peso pré-gestacional. Os testes estatísticos usados foram: correlações de Pearson e Spearman, teste t de Student, de comparação múltipla com ajuste de Bonferroni e regressão linear.Resultados:a média de idade foi 28±7,0 anos, com medianas: de consumo alimentar diário na gestação de 3.670,3 kcal, GPG de 12,0 kg e retenção de peso nos primeiros três meses de 3,2 Kg. Observou-se associação significativa entre retenção de peso nos primeiros três meses pós-parto e o GPG (p<0,001) e a paridade (p<0,05). Para cada quilo ganho durante a gestação 0,8 kg foi retido nos primeiros três meses.Conclusões:a retenção de peso três meses pós-parto mostrou-se maior quanto maior o GPG durante a gestação e a paridade.
Surveys of Historical Records
Authors: Blouin Francis , Pearson Mary , Hinding Andrea , Fleckner John
Published: October 2015

For the past several years, many historians and archivists have expressed the need for more surveys of historical records. Some see surveys as a means of exerting control over diverse and under-utilized bodies of state and local records. Others perceive surveys as a way of bringing together information on widely scattered collections pertaining to a particular topic. Still others are critical of surveys and call for a reevaluation of this method of records control. The panelists explored all of these perspectives, and the discussion that followed reflected a diversity of opinion.
The Conservation and Preservation of Historical Records
Authors: Cunha George , Poole Frazer , Walton Clyde
Published: October 2015

While the physical deterioration of historical records has been a long-time concern of archivists, there have been few programs for the care and repair of documents. Perhaps the major reason for the lack of programs in this area has been the highly technical nature of the problem. This session served a two-fold purpose: to provide information to archivists and curators regarding the latest conservation techniques, and to allow discussion on the viability of regional and national conservation centers and conservation education programs.
The Influence of Historians on the Archival Profession in the United States
Authors: Russell Mattie
Published: October 2015

The founders of the first archives (herein the term includes historical manuscripts) in the United States were historians; they were among the founders of the archival profession, and historian/archivists continue to be the leaders of the profession. The increasing concern of archivists with conservation, security, and ethical use of records, and the rapidly developing technology for the automated creation, storage, and retrieval of records, have widened the gulf between the historical and archival professions. The ties between them, however, are far from severed. Many archivists belong to and participate in historical organizations and vice versa. Historians and archivists also continue to be allied in committees representing their mutual professional interests and in numerous documentary publication projects. Training in archival administration, in whatever subject, such as science or literature, is required by an archives and, for the foreseeable future, in the use of computers, is essential for archivists. Unless, though, such training is based on a solid educational background in history and historical methodology, archivists are not adequately prepared for their profession.
Tax Appraisals of Manuscript Collections
Authors: Rendell Kenneth
Published: October 2015

This article on appraisals of manuscripts for tax deduction purposes is intended as a guide for archivists in dealing with potential donors' questions relating to the tax deductibility of collections and the selection of an appraiser. The services that an appraiser can provide are discussed, as are the various aspects of the relationship between the archivist and the appraiser. Procedures for the determination of the fair market value of manuscripts are analyzed in detail with particular emphasis on the methods of relating research value in a collection to commercial value in the marketplace. Numerous factors that can affect the value of manuscripts are discussed. Previous tax court rulings are discussed as are the archivist's and the appraiser's responsibilities should it be necessary for them to discuss the collection with the Internal Revenue Service.
Regional Archival Organizations and the Society of American Archivists
Authors: Quinn Patrick
Published: October 2015

For over three decades following its founding in 1936 the Society of American Archivists remained the only professional organization of archivists in the United States. Just as SAA was a child of other professional organizations, particularly the American Historical Association, it has in turn generated its own offspring. Even though some leaders of the SAA viewed the creation of the first regional archival organizations with apprehension, the SAA Council did provide a number of them with financial assistance as they were being organized. Likewise, several of the SAA's leaders were instrumental in organizing a number of the regionals. At present there is a considerable overlap between leaders of the SAA and the regionals.

The author of this article describes the historical context for the emergence of the local, state, and regional archival organizations; provides a current profile of these organizations that includes information on the dates of their founding, number of members, cost of individual dues, frequency of meetings, and type of publications; discusses the evolving relationship of the SAA with the local, state, and regional organizations; and offers several suggestions for improving these relationships.
Collection Reappraisal: The Experience at the University of Cincinnati
Authors: Haas Richard
Published: October 2015

The Shorter Features department serves as a forum for sharply focused archival topics which may not require a full-length article. Members of the Society and others knowledgeable in areas of archival interest are encouraged to submit papers for consideration. Shorter Features should range from 500 to 1,000 words in length and contain no annotation. Papers should be sent to Christopher Beam, Shorter Features Editor, the American Archivist, National Archives and Records Service (NNFD), Washington, DC 20408.
That We Shall Truly Deserve the Title Of "Profession"
Authors: Goggin Jacqueline
Published: October 2015

The founders of the Society of American Archivists faced tremendous challenges as they attempted to standardize archival practices through educational programs. They grappled with problems that still plague us. When the National Archives was founded, standardized training was seriously discussed. Samuel Flagg Bemis was appointed to chair the first SAA Committee on Education and Training. Beginning in 1939, American University offered courses in archival administration, but no attention was paid to the needs of manuscript curators. During the 1950s some archivists questioned their professional status and identity and proposed certification and rigorous SAA membership requirements. Their proposals were not implemented. Since a considerable number of archivists are trained historians, it is surprising that we have neglected to examine our own history before embarking on solutions to the lack of standardized education for archivists.
Fringe or Grey Literature in the National Library
Authors: Hesselager Lise
Published: October 2015

The amassing of a national collection of books and related materials has been a continuing objective ever since the enactment of the first legal deposit law, the Ordonnance de Montpellier of 1537. There are various degrees of comprehensiveness, from deposit only in connection with copyright, to deposit of all printed information (and, by analogy, information in any other medium). The information revolution of the twentieth century is closely associated with the media revolution, and by 1984 permanent preservation of all information in national repositories has become a utopian goal. Modern reprography and new media have changed the materials of archives and libraries and complicated the distinction between them. Reprography has created problems of definition for Scandinavian national libraries, whose collections are based on deposit from printers. Much of the grey, or non-conventional, literature that is presently being discussed by information scientists can be identified as documents that were formerly reserved for the archives. It is suggested that archivists and librarians cooperate in defining their fields of collection and in revising their methodologies in the light of new technology, in order to cope with the massive amounts of material.
Documenting a Mexican American Community: The Houston Example
Authors: Kreneck Thomas
Published: October 2015

The Mexican American population is one of the most significant minority groups in the nation, yet archivists and historians have been negligent in documenting its development. The Mexican American community in Houston, Texas, has been developing for one hundred years and today may well number as many as five hundred thousand people. Since 1978, the Houston Metropolitan Research Center (HMRC) of Houston Public Library has been addressing this situation by systematically building a collection of materials relative to the history of Houston's Mexican American populace. These materials include the papers of prominent Mexican American Houstonians, Mexican American families, as well as local Chicano organizations and institutions. Additionally, HMRC has established a supplementary oral history project especially designed for its Mexican American community. To implement this collection strategy, HMRC staff members have actively built a local support network and have become involved in public outreach. As one of the few such programs in the United States, HMRC's Mexican American project could serve as an example for other appropriate institutions dealing with the heritage of this important ethnic group.
Managing Change and Chance: Collecting Policies in Social History Archives
Authors: Anderson R.
Published: October 2015

The traditional methods for developing collecting policies do not work well in social history archives. Because social history archives typically have less than complete knowledge of the records available in their collecting universe, coherent guidance, flexibility, and a means for ongoing reassessment become equally important requirements of an effective collecting policy. This paper is a description of the process employed by the Research Library of the Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies to develop a viable collecting policy and to implement an active collecting program. The process entails a cyclical approach to policy development and a careful consideration of collecting strategies.
Appraisal and the FBI Files Case: For Whom Do Archivists Retain Records?
Authors: Steinwall Susan
Published: October 2015

American Friends Service Committee et al. v. William H. Webster, et al., commonly known to archivists as the FBI files case, illustrates appraisal challenges that should concern all archivists. The author relates the history of the case and reviews archival appraisal literature. In particular, she explains how the case illustrates a need to reevaluate appraisal philosophy that considers the evidential needs of government before the informational needs of the general public.
Who Controls the Past
Authors: Samuels Helen
Published: October 2015

A modern, complex, information-rich society requires that archivists reexamine their role as selectors. The changing structure of modern institutions and the use of sophisticated technologies have altered the nature of records, and only a small portion of the vast documentation can be kept. Archivists are challenged to select a lasting record, but they lack techniques to support this decision-making. Documentation strategies are proposed to respond to these problems.
dBASE III Plus and the MARC AMC Format: Problems and Possibilities
Authors: Zboray Ronald
Published: October 2015

As archives with smaller holdings adapt to the MARC AMC data format, they will need to explore the utility of various commercially-available, microprocessorbased, data base management systems. This article presents four approaches to using the AMC format in dBASE III Plus, the best selling of these systems. The discussion of the limitations and possibilities of the four approaches demonstrates that while there is no inherent incompatibility between dBASE and the MARC format, the most efficient use of a dBASE-MARC system requires considerable programming.
Perspectives on Archival Resources: The 1985 Census of Archival Institutions
Authors: Conway Paul
Published: October 2015

This article is a report on the first comprehensive survey of the resources, responsibilities, and activities of archival repositories in the United States. After placing the study in the context of past surveys of archivists and institutions, and describing its design, the article characterizes the findings on five basic resources common to all archives—money, staff, holdings, facilities, and users. Summary tables permit comparisons of the responses to key survey questions across eight types of archives—federal, state, local, academic, religious, business, special subject, and museum. The author concludes with recommendations for improving future studies.
American Archival Literature: Expanding Horizons and Continuing Needs, 1901-1987
Authors: Cox Richard
Published: October 2015

The literature of a profession—or the quality of its theory, research on that theory, and the dissemination of that research—is one indication of a profession's health and vitality. Fortunately, American archival literature has shown steady and considerable improvement over the years, but archivists still must grapple with some serious problems challenging their literature; more importantly, the archival profession's future partly depends on the resolution of problems such as those that affect its literature. This essay reviews the history of archival writing in the United States, analyzes the development of this literature, evaluates obstacles to archival research and publication, and recommends actions for the improvement of the literature.
Looking Backward to Plan for the Future: Collection Analysis for Manuscript Repositories
Authors: Endelman Judith
Published: October 2015

In recent years several archivists have challenged the profession's approach to collection development as being haphazard, uncoordinated, and random. Collection analysis, the evaluation of the characteristics of a repository's holdings, attempts to systematize and bring more planning to the collecting process. Between 1980 and 1986 three midwestern state historical repositories conducted collection analysis studies—the Minnesota Historical Society, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, and Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan. Staff members analyzed the manuscript holdings to determine what topics their collections documented, and in what number. The quantified data was reviewed in detail and eventually resulted in the development of new collecting priorities and strategies. The analysis was a useful managerial tool that brought greater consciousness to the collecting process. Its value, however, went beyond individual repositories to foster interinstitutional cooperation.
Founding Mothers: Women in the Society of American Archivists, 1936-1972
Authors: Pacifico Michele
Published: October 2015

Women have been members of the Society of American Archivists since its inception in 1936. Of the 226 founding members, 28 percent were women. In the following decades their numbers increased to 33 percent of the membership and that percentage held through the 1970s. Yet women's participation in the formal activities of the Society was well below the percentage of women members in the Society. Furthermore, until the 1970s little thought was given by the Society to the interests of women. This article examines and analyzes the status and role of women in the Society of American Archivists from its inception to the establishment in 1972 of the Committee on the Status of Women in the Archival Profession. Included are a discussion of the inequities and obstacles to participation present in the Society, and descriptions of the women who participated and their contributions.
Rural Life in New England
Authors: McReynolds Samuel
Published: October 2015

This article summarizes the major dimensions of "rurality" and significant recent changes in the political, economic, and social composition of rural life. It then examines the origins of these changes, their impact on future directions of rural society, and the implications of this for collecting of sources for the study of rural life, with some description of available sources and discussion of unmet collecting needs.
Images of New England: Documenting the Built Environment
Authors: Schrock Nancy
Published: October 2015

The 1980s find the New England states in a period of economic expansion and development that has an impact upon its landscape and built environment. Older structures are being renovated or destroyed, while extensive new building is simultaneously under way. Documenting these changes involves identifying and preserving the records of buildings that are disappearing as well as those of new construction.

The author reviews briefly the history of architecture in New England, focusing on its relationship to the evolution of types of documentation in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: original design records, publications and stock plans, and visual records of completed buildings and their changes over time. The differing approaches of the six states to preserving these records are profiled, and their efforts linked with the growth of an active historic preservation movement. Aspects of the built environment remain less well documented: current development, commercial architecture, landscape design, builders' records, and owner-initiated projects. The author concludes by proposing regional efforts to deal with these issues, capitalizing upon the expertise and experience of the curators, archivists, and conservators of New England's architectural collections.
The Management of Archives: A Research Agenda
Authors: McCarthy Paul
Published: October 2015

The author outlines the need for the development of a research agenda on the management of archives as the basis for the significant changes and innovation required of archives and archivists in order to become more effective and to meet the needs of their constituencies in the next generation. Fundamental changes in the political, technological, and cultural environment in which archives function will require more competent archival managers, more effective archival programs, and a profession more inclined to view its needs and issues from a management perspective. Recommended areas of research include the development of management competency models for archivists; the study of institutional culture, organizational effectiveness, and change management; the analysis of management education needs and delivery; and the evaluation and development of guidelines and standards for archival programs. The role and responsibility of individual archivists and archival institutions to develop this agenda is also outlined.
"My Very Act and Deed": Some Reflections on the Role of Textual Records in the Conduct of Affairs
Authors: Taylor Hugh
Published: October 2015

How important to the archivist is an increased understanding of communications technology and its impact on society as it applies to the media of record? There is a growing awareness of the need to "read" the often obscure meanings in nontextual media. In addition, there is a need to understand how various technologies impinge on communication in such a way as to change bureaucratic process and the meaning of the act or decision entered in the record, which may look the same but ceases to have the same authority, especially as the age of the computer is already evincing certain characteristics analogous to preliterate society. The relationship of physical or oral acts to their record is discussed and, thereafter, the impact of writing and print on bureaucratic and administrative textual material. There is good evidence that not only is a knowledge of form and phraseology important in the study of modern diplomatics, but also the technology which has its own cultural impact on the user, including the archivist. The archivist has to assess this as part of the appraisal process and in order to assist the user in the interpretation of meaning over and above that of content and context. The article's approach is discursive in an attempt to put a general light on the subject and is not intended to be a piece of original research.
The Change Masters: Organizational Development in a State Archives
Authors: Hefner Loretta
Published: October 2015

For archival institutions to maximize productivity and efficiency and create well-balanced work environments for the individuals within those institutions, archivists must begin to focus more seriously and intently on the organizational processes and management style of their institutions. This article suggests that the management technique of organizational development be considered as an optimal alternative to more traditional management styles, particularly autocratic management styles. The author discusses organizational development in the context of an archival institution which, for a period of time, implemented the organizational development theory. The article concludes that unless the managers and individuals of an institution are truly committed to a progressive and humanly responsive management approach that values the processes of the organization and the development of the employee, archival institutions may remain mired in their own management deficiencies, thereby affecting the ultimate goal of an organization—to create an environment that is responsive both to the goals of the profession and the needs of the individual.
A Documentation Strategy Case Study: Western New York
Authors: Cox Richard
Published: October 2015

Documentation strategy has emerged as one of the major new archival concepts of the 1980s. The emergence of interest in it is a healthy sign for the archival profession's quest to identify, select, and preserve records of enduring value. Yet, the documentation strategy is still a largely untested concept. This essay describes the strategy's application in documenting geographical localities, in this case western New York, and, as a result, poses a number of additional questions about the documentation strategy that still need answering.
The Recently Opened United Nations War Crimes Archives: A Researcher's Comment
Authors: Herzstein Robert
Published: October 2015

Archivists and researchers must be aware of the limitations of records found in a single repository and should know what complementary materials exist in other archives. The United Nations War Crimes Commission records at the United Nations Archives provides an extreme example of the dangers inherent in relying on only one institution's records. The author describes the UNWCC archives, discusses the policy governing access and use, and analyzes the problems of taking the content of the records at face value.
The Historian as Archival Advocate: Ulrich Bonnell Phillips and the Records of Georgia and the South
Authors: Smith John
Published: October 2015

Historian Ulrich Bonnell Phillips (1877-1934) is best known as the author of two of the most influential works in the field of Southern history, American Negro Slavery (1918) and Life and Labor in the Old South (1929). This article underscores Phillips's efforts to promote the location, appraisal, arrangement, description, and conservation of the historical documents, especially plantation manuscripts and local records, of the Old South. In 1903 Phillips prepared an important report for the American Historical Association surveying Georgia's archives. Two years later he summarized the state of archival affairs for the entire South. Phillips's advocacy of systematic archival practice in the South furthered his career, enhanced his private collection of manuscripts and documents, and encouraged the establishment of state and university archival programs in his native region.
Dancing the Continental: Archival Descriptive Standards in Canada
Authors: Dryden Jean
Published: October 2015

The author summarizes the descriptive standards development process under way in Canada, which focuses on rules for description and means of providing access points to archival descriptions.
The Role of the Technical Service of the Direction des Archives in the Construction of Archival Buildings in France
Authors: Neirinck Danielle
Published: October 2015

The Technical Service of the Archives de France, an office in the government's central administration, mediates in the construction and furnishing of archival buildings throughout France, at the national, departmental, and municipal levels. This concentrated responsibility and continuing interaction with architects and engineers has allowed the assemblage of considerable documentation on archival buildings and the development of technical and dimensional standards (a summary of which is appended to the article).
Fire Recovery at the Library of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR
Authors: Sung Carolyn , Leonov Valerii , Waters Peter
Published: October 2015

This three-part article describes recovery efforts following a disastrous fire at the Academy of Sciences Library in Leningrad that destroyed 400,000 volumes and waterdamaged 3.6 million others. In her overview, Carolyn Sung provides the international context of the recovery efforts led by the Library of Congress. Valerii Leonov describes on-the-scene activities, in particular the innovative methods developed for mass disinfecting and drying. He also suggests the development of international measures to deal with disaster prevention and recovery. Peter Waters comments from his experience with the Florence flood. He praises the procedures used in Leningrad and the decision to implement a phased conservation program that advocates longer time frames for planning purposes and sequential treatments, the first of which is the fabrication of protective enclosures.
Moving An Archives
Authors: Morrow Mary
Published: October 2015

The author conducted interviews with personnel of ten archival institutions that have been involved in recent years in large-scale removal of archival records from one facility to another, in order to find out how they proceeded and to identify the most common problems encountered in moving. Topics include pre-move planning and the issues that must be determined; the logistics of the move itself; typical problems encountered; and suggestions for improvement in operations. Examples from the experiences of major institutions provide illustrations.
Chicago Dance Collection: A Case in Pointe
Authors: Sheehy Carolyn
Published: October 2015

The Newberry Library, a privately endowed research library in Chicago, began in 1981 to develop a manuscript collection in the field of dance. The author describes how an idea was initiated by a paraprofessional staff member, encouraged by researchers, fostered by a curator, supported by the administration, and energized by volunteers to create and develop the Chicago Dance Collection.
Oral Records in Senegal
Authors: Mbaye Saliou
Published: October 2015

Oral records are an important source for the study of history in Senegal. As early as 1935 the French colonial government recognized the need to record the native oral traditions, but acting on those intentions had to wait until after independence in 1960. The Cultural Archives of Senegal, the Center for the Study of Civilizations, the Primary Institute of Black Africa, and the National Archives of Senegal all collect and conserve oral records, but practice has preceded theory and there is no national plan to define areas of responsibility and no agreement on uniform practices. The author describes current holdings and practices and advocates the development of a coherent policy to ensure the collection, preservation, and use of oral records.
Evolving Appraisal and Accessioning Policies of Soviet Archives
Authors: Allen Marie , Baumann Roland
Published: October 2015

The authors visited the Soviet Union in October 1989 in accordance with an agreement between the Main Archival Administration of the USSR Council of Ministers and the Commission on Soviet-American Archival Cooperation of the American Council of Learned Societies. They discuss the appraisal and accessioning practices of Soviet archives, focusing on the roles of various institutions, including the Main Archival Administration, All-Union Scientific Research Institute, expert appraisal commissions, state archives, and agency archives. The authors also describe new directions in the appraisal area resulting in part from glasnost and perestroika, including changes in the definition of historical value, greater variety in the sources for archives, concerns about new types of audiovisual and electronic records, and efforts to reduce the bulk of records.
Differences and Similarities in Chinese and American Approaches to Archives
Authors: Yuqing Xu
Published: October 2015

The author discusses five main differences between archives in the United States and China: differences in national history and the formation of archives; differences in the archival administration system; differences in archival management; differences in the research use of archives; and differences in archival education. He remarks on some strengths and weaknesses, as he sees them, in the American archival system.
The Archives Law of the People's Republic of China: A Summary and Commentary
Authors: Moss William
Published: October 2015

The author summarizes and comments on the Archives Law of the People's Republic of China, which went into effect on 1 January 1988. He also notes the implementing regulations of 19 November 1990.
The Incunabula of Archival Theory and Practice in the United States: J. C. Fitzpatrick's Notes on the Care, Cataloguing, Calendaring and Arranging of Manuscripts and The Public Archives Commission's Uncompleted "Primer of Archival Economy"
Authors: Reynolds Robert
Published: October 2015

In December 1913, when archival theory and practice in the United States was still in its infancy, the Library of Congress published a guide, Notes on the Care, Cataloguing, Calendaring and Arranging of Manuscripts, by a member of its manuscript division staff, John C. Fitzpatrick. The same month the Public Archives Commission's fifth annual conference presented chapter one and chapter five of its proposed "Primer of Archival Economy." The failure of the commission ever to complete and publish its primer had considerable impact on the direction of the archival profession in the United States as it grew to maturity.
The Evolution of Basic Appraisal Principles - Some Comparative Observations
Authors: Kolsrud Ole
Published: October 2015

The vast increase in the production of documents during and after World War I led to a reconsideration of the role of the archivist in the appraisal of records. This reconsideration took various and quite opposite directions, in particular among English and German archivists. The German archivist has always put preservation before destruction; the English archivist has wished to defer to the office of origin for decisions on records retention. In addition to these two national variations, the author expands his review to include the Norwegian, eastern European, and United States archival contexts. He probes the variety of archival theories and practices of these countries, and concludes with observations on the further development of appraisal criteria in light of automation, market value theory, and democratization in eastern Europe.
Archival Theory and the Preservation of Electronic Media: Opportunities and Standards Below the Cutting Edge
Authors: Stielow Frederick
Published: October 2015

The archival mission presupposes stewardship, which can provide the field with a mechanism to carve a distinctive niche within automated environments. The author warns against the untutored embrace of the "cutting-edge" of new technology. Instead, he suggests the need for study and reliance on standards, as well as the adoption of a process-oriented view for preservation management to deal with rapid technological change. He discusses the effects of automation on archival theory, presents common sense guidelines, and includes a brief analysis of specific magnetic and optical storage media. He also proposes a new archival law: With each new storage medium, archivists must reexamine their theory and expect to meet new preservation challenges. Original version presented before the Society of Ohio Archivists, 11 April 1991, with funding under a grant from the Online Computer Library Center, Inc. (OCLC). Revisions were facilitated by support from the Commission on Preservation and Access. An earlier version of this essay was published in the Ohio Archivist 22 (Fall 1991): 3-7.
Subject Indexing in Context
Authors: Dooley Jackie
Published: October 2015

Integration of archival materials cataloged in the USMARC AMC format into online catalogs has given a new urgency to the need for direct subject access. The author offers a broad definition of the concepts to be considered under the subject access umbrella, including not only topical subjects but also proper names, forms of material, time periods, geographic places, occupations, and functions. It is argued that it is both necessary and possible to provide more consistent subject access to archives and manuscripts than currently is being achieved. The author describes current efforts that are under way in the profession to address this need.
On Deposit: A Handshake and a Lawsuit
Authors: Becker Ronald
Published: October 2015

This essay underscores the importance of using widely recognized formal procedures and terminology in the execution of a deed of gift. The archives of the Partisan Review were accepted by Rutgers University through what now appears to be a very informal transaction. When the relationship between the prominent literary journal and the large state university changed and the Partisan Review found a new home at another university, the transaction was challenged, mostly on the meaning and use of the term deposit. The legal case brought about by that challenge is detailed, and advice for avoiding the misunderstandings that can lead to such litigation is provided.
Innovation Diffusion: Implications for the CART Curriculum
Authors: Walch Victoria
Published: October 2015

To determine how best to deliver the necessary education and information resources concerning automation, the author examines the limited demographic information about the archival profession as well as theories about the nature of professions generally and how they adapt to change. In particular, the author draws on Everett Rogers's theories about innovation diffusion and Cyril Houle's analysis of professional work settings to reach conclusions about archivists as learners. The archival profession appears to have reached Rogers's early majority stage, during which one can expect rapid acceptance of new technologies and greatly increased demand for assistance in applying them.
A Review of Information Science and Computer Science Literature to Support Archival Work with Electronic Records
Authors: Ruller Thomas
Published: October 2015

Archivists share with information and computer scientists many concerns relating to the long-term accessibility of information created and maintained with modern technology. However, the literature of information and computer scientists is largely unused by archivists working with electronic records. This literature can be used effectively if electronic records archivists approach it with a clear understanding of their own needs and a sense of the purpose of the materials being used. This essay reviews a selection of the vast literature of information and computer science. The essay makes recommendations for how these materials may support archival work in managing and preserving electronic records and also describes some of the bibliographic tools needed to access these useful resources.
Preventing Patron Theft in the Archives: Legal Perspectives and Problems
Authors: Totka Vincent
Published: October 2015

The theft of archival materials has become a problem of yet-unknown proportions. No one knows how much material has been stolen from archival repositories over the years. There are two types of theft that archives face: insider theft and patron theft. This paper concentrates on patron theft and describes a survey to determine security awareness among member repositories in the State Historical Society of Wisconsin's Area Research Center (ARC) Network.
Clemson University Thurmond Speeches Series Indexing Project
Authors: Cross James , Mccurley Marsha
Published: October 2015

The Speeches series of the Senator Strom Thurmond Collection contains over 100 cubic feet of material spanning more than 50 years of public service. Because of the need for improved access, the Special Collections Unit and the Cataloging Unit of the Clemson University Libraries initiated the Thurmond Speeches Indexing Project, using the AMC MARC format to index the series. In this article, the authors describe the planning and implementation of the project and discuss some of the lessons learned, as well as future developments that might occur in the index.
Toward the Documentation of Conservative Judaism
Authors: Wertheimer Jack , Bernhardt Debra , Miller Julie
Published: October 2015

The Ratner Center for the Study of Conservative Judaism at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America has embarked on a program to collect and accession the historical records of the Conservative movement, the largest religious movement of synagogue attenders in the United States. With funding from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the center has completed a first phase of accessioning the records of synagogues, rabbis, and the central educational institution of the movement. It has also developed a documentation strategy that will shape its programs into the next century.
Archival Training in Germany: A Balance Between Specialization in Historical Research and Administrative Needs
Authors: Menne-Haritz Angelika
Published: October 2015

This article describes archival training as it is offered at the Archives School of Marburg, Germany. Such training is a prerequisite for posts in all German state and municipal archives. There is a long tradition of archival training in Germany, beginning with an ordinance stating that in Prussian state archives no one could be hired who had not passed certain written and oral examinations. This article describes the content and structure of the courses offered at Marburg and outlines the principles that provide the basis for the structure of training.
On the Nature of Records Management Theory
Authors: Buckland Michael
Published: October 2015

Theory is defined as a view or description of the nature of something. The nature of theory relating to records management is examined, including information retrieval, the records life cycle, and information policy. Records management theory should not be seen in isolation and need not be unique to records management. Functional, professional, and educational contexts of records management theory are outlined, with examples.

Note: This paper is reprinted, with a few minor changes, from Association of Records Managers and Administrators, Proceedings of the ARMA International 35th Annual Conference, 1990 (Prairie Village, Kans.: ARMA, 1990), pp. 801-13.
Preservation Microfilming: The Challenges of Saving a Collection at Risk
Authors: D'Arienzo Daria , Ostendarp Anne , Silverman Emily
Published: October 2015

This case study describes Amherst College Archives' experience with the Dwight W. Morrow Papers Preservation Microfilming Project. The authors consider the factors in the managerial decision to commit to a preservation-microfilming project; outline the project management and activities; describe the unanticipated challenges encountered and the solutions that were reached through creative problem solving; and analyze the outcome of the project. The study should be particularly useful for small and medium-size archives that have active programs and limited staff and resources and that are considering similar projects. Practical recommendations for similar projects are offered. An appendix to the article gives cumulative statistics documenting manuscript preservation-microfilming tasks.
On the Idea of Uniqueness
Authors: O'Toole James
Published: October 2015

Archivists have generally described the records in their care as unique. While this description seems straightforward and absolute, it has in fact been used to denote several different attributes of archives: the uniqueness of records; the uniqueness of information in records; the uniqueness of the processes which produce records; and the uniqueness of the aggregations of documents into files. This essay explores how the idea of uniqueness has evolved, especially in relation to the changing technologies of recordmaking, and it speculates on the future usefulness of the idea for archival theory and practice.
Expanding the Foundation
Authors: Hedlin Edie
Published: October 2015

The archival profession today is doubly challenged. Not only must we deal with dramatic increases in the volume and complexity of paper records, we must also develop programs and strategies for electronic records. The latter, in particular, will require years of research, analysis, testing, and development. However, the resources needed to support years of intensive work in multiple archival settings are not present. The author contends that the profession's most pressing need is the development of greater infrastructure to support research efforts, and she offers examples of the types of organizations that we need to foster.