bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jacquard Technical Research of the Three Layers Jacquard Curtain Fabric with UV-Shading Function and Two-Sides-Different Effects
Authors: Tu Le Xi , Jin Zi Min , Xu Jun Qing , Tu Yong Jian , Xi Xi Yong
Published: October 2014

In order to achieve the sided different effects and the function of UV shading of the three layers jacquard curtain fabric, we used two sets of the same common yarns as the warps, 2 groups of wefts in the front while 2 groups of wefts in the opposite and a group of TiO2 polyester weft which plays the role of UV-shading. The fabric’s wefts arrangement ratio is 1:1:1:1:1. There are four kinds of weaves in the front and five in the opposite (seeing from the reverse side), then in overlaying the four kinds in the front with the five kinds in the opposite we can get 20 kinds of weaves. By integrating shading cloth and curtains with two-sides-different effects together, in the end, the three layers jacquard curtain fabric which has two-sides-different effects and UV-shading function is achieved.
Study on Technical Base of Uyghur Hotan Carpet
Authors: Saitaer Xiakeer
Published: October 2014

Uyghur carpet is the traditional Uyghur handicraft, it is the fusion of spinning, dyeing, knitting and painting with both practical and artistic value. Its origination dates back to more than 2000 years ago and it has been evolving gradually ever since along with the economic development. Hotan carpet is the most representative one of Xinjiang carpet, and it represents the highest achievement. [1] This paper is focus on the textile technology, dyeing technology and ornament of Uyghur Hotan carpet.
Study on the Importance of Lei’s High Draft
Authors: Su Xuan , Deng Ke Hui , Yang Xiao Ming
Published: October 2014

High draft is an important procedure in the spinning which is a crucial step in textile engineering. Lei Binglin as a famous textile engineer invented Lei’s high draft in 1936 which not only made a contribution to modern China’s textile but also showed Chinese independent innovation to the world. So it is significant to research the role of Lei’s high draft in the process of spinning, the inheritance and innovation of high draft invention made by Lei Binglin and encourage given by country for Lei’s high draft. By analyzing all these aspects mentioned before, we would conclude the importance of Lei’s high draft in this thesis.
The Ancient Felting Techniques in Xinjiang
Authors: Xin Xiao Yu , Bian Xiang Yang
Published: October 2014

Dated back to 8000 years ago, the felting techniques were originated from the fiber processing skills used by nomadic tribes in ancient Central Asia. Xinjiang, located in Northwest China, is one of the earliest regions in China using the felts. Since the Bronze Age, the residents of ancient Xinjiang had mastered the primitive felting techniques, which had been constantly improved during the latter course of history, leading to the felts with era characteristics. This paper puts archaeological evidences and historical documents together as its research materials, reviews the history development of the felting techniques in the ancient Xinjiang, and represents the main features of the felting techniques in different eras.
Study on Geometric Pattern of Unearthed Woolen Fabric from Xinjiang
Authors: Bian Xiang Yang , Mao Xiao Juan
Published: October 2014

Xinjiang is a land combines the ancient civilization of east and west and it is also the major crossroads of Silk Road. The earliest unearthed woolen fabrics were made in around 1500 BC to 2000 BC; the patterns are quite simpler with mainly geometric lines. Those similar geometric patterns were also found in many burial sites in Xinjiang. By studying and analyzing unearthed woolen geometric patterns in Xinjiang, this thesis aims to present the possibility of its development.
Application of Biopolymer-Based Adsorbents in Removal of Heavy Metals
Authors: Xiao Min , Hu Jian Can , Liu Wen Li , Nie Feng Ming
Published: October 2014

Heavy metal pollution has raised a lot of concerns because of its bioaccumulation and non-degradability. A variety of methods have been applied in removal of heavy metals. This paper focused on the method of biosorption using biopolymer-based adsorbents in removing heavy metals from waster water. Cellulose and chitin/chitosan are abundant in supply and contain reactive functional groups. Cellulose-based adsorbents prepared from direct chemical modification or graft copolymerization are proved to show chelating ability to bind heavy metals. Chitin-and chitosan-based adsorbents have improved mechanical strength and better resistance to chemical conditions after physical or chemical modification. The regeneration and reusability of biopolymer-based adsorbents were also discussed in this paper.
Experimental Analysis of the Long Carbon Nanotubes Formation from Controllable Flame
Authors: Liu Yuan Chao , Wu Li Zhi , Ren Jing Hao
Published: October 2014

Flame method is a new and simple method which may has the possibility of large-scale mass production for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes. It needs not the vacuum environment and carbon nanotubes can be captured at the normal atmospheric pressure. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes from the controllable flame is a new method. It can effectively avoid the defect of the traditional flame method. Experimental apparatus is mainly including controllable flame burner with its ancillary equipment, measuring instrument and catalyst preparation system, etc. The process of formation and growth for carbon nanotube is very complicated on account of the complexity of combustion and chemical reaction. It can be supposed that the formation and growth of carbon nanotubes from the controllable flame involves two steps in general.
Fabrication of Porous Nanofibrous Mats by Dual-Nozzle Electrospinning
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Qian Yong Fang , Zheng Lai Jiu , Song Ruo Yuan , Shi Feng
Published: October 2014

This paper presents a new method to fabricate the porous nanofibrous mats by dual-nozzle electrospinning. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) were electrospun from two different syringes and mixed on the rotating drum to form PVA/PVP composite nanofibrous mats. SEM morphology indicated that the amount of collecting nanofibers reduced with decreasing the ratio of feeding rate between PVA and PVP. After dissolving in alcohol, the pore size of nanofibrous mats with feeding ratio of PVA/PVP at 4/1 was 1.352μm, which would be more beneficial for cells to migrate from pores.
Improving Mechanical Properties of Wood Composites Using Basalt Glass Powder and Basalt Fiber
Authors: Jiang Yan Fei , Liu Hua Wu , Jia Tao Fang
Published: October 2014

This study evidently indicated that basalt glass powder is not only far cheaper than chopped basalt fiber, but also has better reinforcing effect than basalt fiber in terms of key mechanical properties. Basalt glass powder and chopped basalt fiber were mixed with fir sawdust to produce wood composite panel, at the mass ratios of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Compared with the unreinforced wood composite, the tensile and bending strengths of panels reinforced by basalt glass powder increased up to 94.3% and 43.3% respectively, when the powder contents were 15% and 10%; the ultimate increase of tensile and bending strengths were 50.8% and 34.4% respectively, when the content of chopped basalt fiber was 10%.
Studies on the Surface of PTFE Membranes Treated with Atmospheric Pressure Low Temperature Plasma of Ar and Ar/H2
Authors: Akashi Naohisa , Hosoi Katsuhiko , Kuroda Shin-ichi
Published: October 2014

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has many excellent engineering applications for its great properties. We investigated the surface of the PTFE membranes treated with atmospheric pressure low temperature plasma in Ar and Ar/H2 to confirm the effectiveness for introducing functional groups as surface modifications. From the results of attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it was found that the Ar/H2 plasma was more effective for proceeding defluorination reactions and introducing oxygen moieties compared to Ar plasma under the experimental condition. On the other hand, from the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), there were little differences in plasma-treated samples.
Synthesis and Characterization of Alkeyl Imidazolium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wang Shi Dong , Qi Ming Chen , Zang Shu Liang
Published: October 2014

Two new imidazole ionic liquid salts, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([AMIM]Cl) and 1-allyl-3-methy-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([EMIM]HSO4), were synthesized with direct synthesis and two-step synthesis method, using a viscosity meter, PH meter, conductivity meter, densitometer, infrared spectrometer determined its chemical structure and properties. The results show that two ionic liquids in the range is slightly different, the trend is roughly same. As the temperature increases, the viscosity decreases, PH gradually increased, the density decreases slightly, can be regarded as constant, the conductivity gradually increased. Ionic liquids of the two IR spectra analysis show its structure and synthetic route consistent with the structure of matter.
Synthesis of Crosslinker Containing Sulfone Group and its Crosslinking with Styrene
Authors: Yu Huan Yang
Published: October 2014

A new crosslinker containing sulfone group was synthesized by polymerization of 4,4’-dihydroxydiphenyl-sulphone and methacryloyl chloride. Using this kind of crosslinker, the crosslinked polystyrene beads were prepared by suspension polymerization and UV-light polymerization, respectively. The synthesized crosslinker and crosslinked polystyrene beads were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effect of crosslinker amount on sulfonation rate of beads was studied. Polystyrene beads made by suspension polymerization possess higher sulfonation rate when the crosslinker amount is lower than 6%. When the content of crosslinker is higher than 6%, the reaction still can be carried out by UV-light polymerization, but the coagulation occurred during suspension polymerization because of the extremely high polarity of crosslinker.
The Salicylic Acid Effect on the Contents of Citrullus lanatus L. Sugar, Protein and Proline under Salinity (NaCl) Stress
Authors: Cheng Wei Shun , Zhang Na , Zeng Hong Xia , Shi Xian Feng , Li Yu Hua , Sun Yu Hong
Published: October 2014

Plant growth is impressed by biotic and abiotic stress inversely. There are many reports about proteins change level in salinity stress. Leaves fill up more soluble sugar of glucose, fructose and proline with treatment of salicylic acid. In this study, Citrullus lanatus seeds planted in pots containing perlite were put in a growth chamber under controlled conditions of 30 ±2 °Cand 14 ±2 °Ctemperature, 14h lightness and 10h darkness; NaCl concentration of 0,4,8,12 ds/m and salicylic acid concentration of 0,1,2,4 mM were used in the form of factorial experiment in a complete randomized design (CRD). The results demonstrated that increasing of proline and sugars due to osmotic slope in plants lead to increasing of tolerance against dehydrations of leave content and acceleration of plant developments in stress conditions.
Thermal Performance of PET Grafted with Acrly Acid/Acrylamide Followed by Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Ding Chuan , Zhang Jian Chun , Liu Xue Qiang , Feng Xin Xing
Published: October 2014

Electron beam irradiation grafting of acryl acid (AAc)/acrylamide (AAm) onto poly-(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics was performed using a high-energy electron accelerator. Parameters affecting the graft polymerization of PET fabrics, including composite of mixture monomer, monomer concentration radiation dose and, concentration of inhibitor were investigated. The thermal behavior of the grafted PET fabrics was investigated with thermogravimetric analysis. Findings showed that grafting with AAc/AAm could improve the thermal stability of PET.
Study on Treatment of Dyeing Wastewater by Fe0-H2O2 System
Authors: Lan Shan Hong , Wang Chuan Lu , Sun Jia Hao , Zhang Heng
Published: October 2014

Printing and dyeing wastewater contained difficult biochemical degradation of organic matters. It required advanced treatment after the biochemical treatment. In this paper, effeccts of pH, the amount of iron and hydrogen peroxide, the ratio of iron and hydrogen peroxide and reaction time on the Fe0-H2O2system were studied. The results showed that all the above factors were important to dyeing waste water treatment by Fe0-H2O2system. CODCrremoval efficiency could archive 65% when the initial pH was 3, the iron powder capacity was 1.5g/L,the volume of hydrogen peroxide was 1ml/L, the reaction time was 40 min and the temperature was 30°C.
Research on Brocade - Silk Material for Mounting Traditional Chinese Calligraphy and Painting
Authors: Gu Chun Hua
Published: October 2014

Aiming at the typical fabric style and pattern features of silk material for mounting traditional Chinese calligraphy and painting, this paper starts from brocades mainly used in mounting traditional Chinese calligraphy and painting, as well as analyzes the features, varieties and pattern types of brocade (material used for mounting). Through the research, the author discovers that two types of brocades are used more frequently in mounting, namely brocade of middle-sized pattern and brocade of small-sized pattern, while pattern types mainly include geometric motifs, plant motifs and fauna motifs, as well as treasures and characters.
A New Method for Word Alignment of Tibetan-Chinese Machine Translation
Authors: Wan Fu Cheng , He Xiang Zhen , Yu Hong Zhi
Published: October 2014

We propose a new simple but effective method for building Tibetan-Chinese machine Translation corpus and a novel Tibetan-Chinese Machine Translation model integrating Tibetan syntactic cues which is based on the Treebank, this model can be used on the system of Tibetan-Chinese Machine Translation successfully . Keywords: syntactic Treebank; Tibetan syntactic cues ; Machine Translation;
Application of Genetic Algorithm on Travelling Salesman Person
Authors: Massinanke Sambourou , Zhang Chao Zhu
Published: October 2014

GA (Genetic algorithm) is an optimization method based on operators (mutation and crossover) utilizing a survival of the fittest idea. They are utilized favorably in various problems. (TSP) Travelling salesman problem is one of the famous studied. TSP is a permutation problem in which the aim is to determine the shortest tour between n different points (cities), otherwise, the problem aims to find a route covering all cities where that the total distance is minimal. In this study a single salesman travels to each of the cities and close the loop by returning to the city he started, the aim of this study is to determine the minimum number of generations in which salesman does the minimum path, cities are chosen at random as initial population. The new generations are then created iteratively till the proper path is attained.
Comparison of Genetic Algorithm and Bisection Method for Finding Roots in One-Dimension Space
Authors: Massinanke Sambourou , Zhang Chao Zhu
Published: October 2014

The notion of Genetic Algorithm was presented by [1] with the purpose of making computers execute what nature does. GA is one of the best methods for solving the optimization problems which involve a large search space [2].
The Body Feature Study of Young Women from Northeastern China
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Xiao Jiu , Chen Xiao Mei , Yao Tong , Pan Li
Published: October 2014

This study aims to investigate the anthropometric feature of young women aged between 18 and 25 from Northeastern China, and compare the difference between the young Northeastern China women and the national adult females. More than 400 young Northeastern China women were measured, and the body data were collected by mix-measurement of 3D scanner and manual method, and the main sizes were extracted to descript the total anthropometric characterizes. The high mean value of the Northeastern young women is 162.3 CM, which is 5.75 CM higher than the national adult females. In the high direction, the other mean values of the samples are variously higher than the national adult females. Overall, the young Northeastern China women are taller than the national adult females and well proportioned. In the width direction, the mean values of bust, waist and neck of the 18-25 years old young women are larger than the national adult females, except the hip.
Effect of the Distance between Guided Needle and Cone Body on Properties of Vortex Spun Yarn
Authors: Li Mei Ling , Yu Chong Wen , Shang Shan Shan
Published: October 2014

Effects of the distance between guided needle and cone body on properties of MVS yarns were investigated by numerical simulation. 5 groups of the distance are designed (0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm and 2.5mm). The 3D computational fluid dynamics models are established to conduct the numerical simulation of the airflow in the nozzle. Through analysis of the characteristics of air flow inside the different nozzles, such as pressure distribution and velocity vectors, the motion of drafted fibers and performances of yarns are discussed. Simulation results show that when the distance is 1.5mm, the airflow state within the nozzle is beneficial to form more open-ends and twist, and the yarn quality would be better.
Study on the Bending Fatigue Properties of Nomex Fiber
Authors: Cai Guang Ming , Wang Xin
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we reported a bending fatigue testing apparatus which can test the bending fatigue properties of single Nomex fiber by setting the pretension, bending angle and temperature. The S-N and θ-N curves indicated that the pre-tension and bending angle had great influences on the bending fatigue life of Nomex fiber. A CCD camera was utilized to allow observation of the bending fatigue fracture morphology of fiber. It showed the fracture mechanism of Nomex fibers. The bending fatigue life of Nomex fiber was tested at different temperatures to show that its bending fatigue strength is strongly influenced by the temperature.
The Application Research on Hydroxyethyl Methylacrylate in the Anti-Wrinkle Finishing Process
Authors: Chang Rui , He Xiao Peng , Zheng Xin , Yi Kai , Zhong Yu Qing , Cao Gen Yang
Published: October 2014

Hydroxylethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was added in the traditional anti-wrinkle finishing liquid, wrinkle recovery angle and the change of the strength were tested. The effect of HEMA was studied by changing the experiment time, temperature and the concentration of HEMA. When the baking temperature is 150°C, the treatment time is 3 min, the concentration of HEMA is 5%and the initiator ammonium persulfate is 0.5%, the anti-wrinkle finishing can get better effect. The results are that wrinkle recovery angle is 148.4°, compared with the sample without HEMA increased by 23.42%, and the corresponding strength is 161.07N, compared with original sample the strength retention rate is as high as 90.03%.
Dyeing Kinetics of Collagen Modified PAN Fiber
Authors: Hu Xue Min
Published: October 2014

PAN fiber is one that contains at least 85% by mass of acrylonitrile co-monomer in the polymer chain. It has low moisture-absorbency and electrostatic tendency. The moisture regain of collagen modified PAN fiber is increased. Dyeing kinetics of collagen modified PAN fiber was studied using Cationic Red X-GRL dyes, including dyeing rate curve, equilibrium dyeing uptake, half dyeing time, dyeing rate constant and diffusion coefficient. The results show that: compared with PAN fiber, the equilibrium dye uptake decreased, half dyeing time, dyeing rate constant and diffusion coefficient reduced, and the dyeing behavior of collagen modified PAN fiber become worse than that of PAN fiber.
Comparison of Dissolution Rate of Bagasse Cellulose in LiCl/DMAc Solution Actived by Two Methods
Authors: Sun Ting Ting , Jia Yong Tang , Nie Wei Li , Huang Gang , Dong Feng Chun
Published: October 2014

The dissolution rate of bagasse cellulose in LiCl/DMAc solution actived by thermal DMAc and KMnO4 were compared. The effects of several factors on the dissolution rate were discussed, including cellulose concentration, LiCl concentration, solution temperature, and disssolving time. The results showed that the dissolution rate of bagasse cellulose actived by KMnO4 is higher than that actived by thermal DMAc. The dissolution rate increased with the increasing of LiCl concentration, solution temperature, and dissolving time, respectively.
Management of a Failed Metatarso-Phalangeal Joint Fusion Utilizing a Hemicup Prosthesis
Authors: Stadler Nicola , Hofstätter Stefan , Trieb Klemens
Published: October 2014

We report a case of a 65-year-old man with a painful nonunion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ). It is one of the main severe complications of this surgery. Its prevalence is described between 5% and 10% across different operative techniques. The implantation of hemicup-prosthesis has been successfully used for the hallux rigidus treatment with very promising results. In our case report, we introduce a treatment method of converting a pseudoarthrosis of the first MTPJ, made of two crossing screws into a hemicup-prosthesis as a salvage procedure. This is to our best knowledge the first report using this device for treatment of pseudoarthrosis of the first MTPJ.
An audit of immunofixation requesting practices at a South African referral laboratory
Authors: Gounden Verena , Rampursat Yashna
Published: October 2014

Background: It is common practice in most chemical pathology laboratories for reflective immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) to occur following the detection or suspicion of a paraprotein on serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP). The chemical pathology laboratory at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital (IALCH) in Durban, South Africa, is currently the only non-private laboratory in the KwaZulu Natal province that performs SPEP analysis, with current practice requiring that the clinician request IFE following suggestion by the laboratory after a suspicious SPEP result.Objectives: To review the current process for IFE at IALCH in the context of reflective testing and to examine the use of the alpha-2-globulin/alpha-1-globulin ratio as a predictor of a positive IFE result.Methods: Data for 1260 consecutive SPEP tests performed at the IALCH National Health Laboratory Service were collected between February and July 2011. SPEP and IFE were performed with a Sebia Hydrasys automated electrophoresis system. The alpha-2-globulin/alpha-1-globulin ratio was calculated using density of corresponding fractions on SPEP.Results: Analysis revealed that of the 1260 SPEPs performed during the analysis period, 304 IFEs were suggested by the reviewing pathologist. A total of 45 (15%) of the suggested IFEs were subsequently requested by the attending clinicians. Almost half (46.5%) (n = 20) of the suggested IFEs that were performed revealed the presence of a paraprotein. There was no statistically-significant difference between the alpha-2-globulin/alpha-1-globulin ratio for patients with positive or negative IFEs (p-value = 0.2).Conclusions: This study reveals the need for reflective addition of IFE testing by the laboratory following suspicious findings on SPEP.
Reading and proclaiming the Advent call of John the Baptist: An empirical enquiry employing the SIFT method
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Smith Greg
Published: October 2014

Drawing on Jungian psychological type theory, the SIFT method of biblical hermeneutics and liturgical preaching suggests that the reading and proclaiming of scripture reflects the psychological type preferences of the reader and preacher. This thesis is examined among a sample of clergy (training incumbents and curates) serving in the one Diocese of the Church of England (N = 22). After completing the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, the clergy worked in groups (designed to cluster individuals who shared similar psychological type characteristics) to reflect on and to discuss the Advent call of John the Baptist. The Marcan account was chosen for the exercise exploring the perceiving functions (sensing and intuition) in light of its rich narrative. The Lucan account was chosen for the exercise exploring the judging functions (thinking and feeling) in light of the challenges offered by the passage. In accordance with the theory, the data confirmed characteristic differences between the approaches of sensing types and intuitive types, and between the approaches of thinking types and feeling types.
Administration of an Amino Acid–Based Regimen for the Management of Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction Related to Combat-Induced Illness
Authors: Shell William E , Charuvastra Marcus , Breitstein Mira , Pavlik Stephanie L. , Charuvastra Anthony , May Lawrence , Silver David S.
Published: October 2014

The etiology and pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains poorly understood. The nutritional deficiencies associated with the altered metabolic processes of PTSD have not previously been studied in detail. This pilot study measured the reduction in symptoms in 21 military veterans reporting moderate to severe symptoms associated with PTSD. Two amino acid-based medical foods specifically formulated with biogenic amines and other nutrients were administered to study subjects targeting specific neurotransmitter deficiencies resulting from altered metabolic activity associated with PTSD. This study included the Physician Checklist – Military (PCL-M), Short Form General Health Survey (SF-36), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale to measure the change in each subject's score after 30 days of administration. An average decrease of 17 points was seen in the PCL-M, indicating a reduction in PTSD symptoms ( P < 0.001). The mental health component of the SF-36 showed an average 57% increase in the subjects’ mental health rating ( P < 0.001). The results of this initial study demonstrate that addressing the increased dietary requirements of PTSD can improve symptoms of the disease while eliminating significant side effects. A larger, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial is warranted.
Understanding predicted shifts in diazotroph biogeography using resource competition theory
Authors: Dutkiewicz S. , Ward B. A. , Scott J. R. , Follows M. J.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. We examine the sensitivity of the biogeography of nitrogen fixers to a warming climate and increased aeolian iron deposition in the context of a global earth system model. We employ concepts from the resource-ratio theory to provide a simplifying and transparent interpretation of the results. First we demonstrate that a set of clearly defined, easily diagnosed provinces are consistent with the theory. Using this framework we show that the regions most vulnerable to province shifts and changes in diazotroph biogeography are the equatorial and South Pacific, and central Atlantic. Warmer and dustier climates favor diazotrophs due to an increase in the ratio of supply rate of iron to fixed nitrogen. We suggest that the emergent provinces could be a standard diagnostic for global change models, allowing for rapid and transparent interpretation and comparison of model predictions and the underlying mechanisms. The analysis suggests that monitoring of real world province boundaries, indicated by transitions in surface nutrient concentrations, would provide a clear and easily interpreted indicator of ongoing global change.
Ist Kreativität ein subjektives oder ein kollektives Phänomen? Über eine ungeklärte Frage in der Non-representational Theory und eine denkbare Antwort der Philosophie der symbolischen Formen
Authors: Dirksmeier P.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. The micro-macro-problem of the social sciences is also present in human geographies' discussions of creativity. Creativity could be conceptualized either as a capability of subjects or as emerging from interaction processes. A direct consequence of this theoretical indecision is an inconsistent notion of creativity in Nigel Thrifts' nonrepresentational theory (NRT) that is originally developed to valuate creative praxis. The paper advances a proposal for conceptualizing creativity in NRT by using the philosophy of symbolic forms established by Ernst Cassirer. First, the paper develops a notion of individual creativity that is implied in Cassirers' work on symbolic pregnance and symbolic forms and via Bourdieus' interpretation of Cassirer also in the French sociologists' theory of incorporation. Second, the paper shows two possibilities to include the outlined notion of individual creativity in NRT. Creativity could be linked with NRT by modifying Bourdieus' concept of incorporation as used to establish a notion of nonrepresentational praxis. The second possibility of including creativity is a connection of affect and experience, which leads directly to the emergence of novelty.
Appropriating "modernization" – indigenous anti-hegemonic resistance in the Argentine Chaco
Authors: Weißermel S.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. The incorporation of indigenous territories into the Argentine Republic must be considered as a complex process of colonization which encompassed space, the word and the body. It enabled the dominant settler society to establish socioeconomic and sociocultural hegemony. The example of the Toba community in Clorinda elucidates the extent to which hegemonic worldviews have infiltrated their self-perception and produced the barrio (urban district) and the campo (rural area), as two places infiltrated with symbolisms and ideology. Through a postcolonial perspective, this article aims to examine the way the community deals with this "modernization", as the Toba themselves call the process. It is pointed out that, by appropriating the hegemony's logic, the Toba actively create spaces of resistance in order to maintain or regain self-determination. Discussing indigenous alternative concepts of modernity, this article advocates a greater consideration of those diverse social realities in the scope of Western development geography.
A paradigmatic disagreement in "Dialogue on Dialogic Pedagogy" by Eugene Matusov and Kiyotaka Miyazaki
Authors: Marjanovic-Shane Ana
Published: October 2014

I read with a great pleasure the heated dialogue on Dialogic Pedagogy between Eugene Matusov and Kiyotaka Miyazaki. It provided me with one of those rare occasions where I could both witness, and also join, the workings of two minds as they struggled with and against each other to construct, de-construct, and reconstruct their visions of dialogic pedagogical approaches to education. As I was reading, I had a lot of questions and remarks. I try to summarize them here – while many are still left on the margins of the original manuscript.
Commentary on Eugene and Kiyo’s dialogue on dialogic pedagogy
Authors: Wegerif Rupert
Published: October 2014

This fascinating dialogue raised many questions. In this commentary I will focus on just three questions that particularly stimulated me to further reflection: ‘why classification?’; ‘what is ontology?’ and ‘where does agency come from?’
A Response to Eugene and Kiyo’s Dialogue-Disagreement on Dialogic Pedagogy
Authors: Ferholt Beth
Published: October 2014

Thank you for asking me to respond to the text that you have created, Eugene and Kiyo. I will write about the “freedom from,” which Eugene raises and which Kiyo addresses at the end of the text. Kiyo points out that when the teacher’s primary active engagement with the learner is to respect the learner’s freedom from, then ‘engaging with others actively to facilitate their learning and the development of their agency’ (pedagogy itself) is hindering the development of self-generated authorship (or making people responsive).
Application of Spectral Methods for Synthesis of Symptoms for Qualification of Agricultural Products
Authors: Gabrova Radoslava Nikolova , Kostadinova Lena Filipova
Published: October 2014

The basic stages during automatic qualification of agricultural products are: acquisition of initial information of the quality state, mathematical proceeding of this information and decision making for object qualification to defined sets according to the state of quality. One of the steps in the second stage is transformation the patterns of qualified products to a new space of symptoms. In this paper an approach for transformation the initial description of the objects to a new space of spectral symptoms, independently of the size of the initial description of the object is presented. A relation for synthesis of symptoms for recognition has been generated.
Response of Cowpea, Soya Beans and Groundnuts to Non-Indigenous Legume Inoculants
Authors: Mweetwa Alice Mutiti , Mulenga Malama , Mulilo Xaviour , Ngulube Munsanda , Banda John S. K. , Kapulu Ndashe , N’gandu Shirley Handia
Published: October 2014

The use of inoculants is a critical strategy in legume production. In Zambia, inoculants are particularly used for the production of non-promiscuous genotypes of soya beans, but rarely for cowpeas and groundnuts. This study evaluated the response of soya beans, cowpeas and groundnuts to Biofix legume inoculants. Seeds were inoculated at the recommended or double the recommended rate at planting. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in a Completely Randomized Design for 7 weeks. Control, non-inoculated seeds were also planted and plants grown under the same conditions. At 7 weeks, nodule number and fresh weight per plant, nodule effectiveness (pinkness/redness), and above ground biomass were determined. Biologically fixed nitrogen was determined using the Nitrogen Difference Method. Nodule number and fresh weight per plant were higher at the recommended rate of Biofix application for soya beans and at both rates for groundnuts, while there was no effect on nodule fresh weight at either rate in cowpeas. All representative nodules assessed were effective. There was no significant benefit in inoculating seeds of the three legumes with Biofix on above ground biomass and biological nitrogen fixation. These results could suggest that possibly, the introduced strains though with a stronger nodulation competitiveness, were not as effective at fixing nitrogen as the indigenous strains in the soils in which soya beans, cowpeas and groundnuts have been repeatedly grown before. This could be an indication that sufficient and appropriate effective strains are already present in this soil. In general, the results suggest that to obtain the full benefits of biological nitrogen fixation, legume growers need to be provided with the correct inoculant, where required. Further work under field conditions is recommended to confirm these findings.
Perturbed Angular Correlation Study of the Static and Dynamic Aspects of Cadmium and Mercury Atoms Inside and Attached to a C60 Fullerene Cage
Authors: Das Satyendra K. , Guin Rashmohan , Banerjee Debasish , Johnston Karl , Das Parnika , Butz Tilman , Amaral Vitor S. , Correia Joao G. , Barbosa Marcelo B.
Published: October 2014

30 keV 111mCd and 50 keV 199mHg beams from ISOLDE were used to implant on preformed targets of C60 with a thickness of 1 mg cm-2. Endofullerene compounds, viz. 111mCd@C60 and 199mHg@C60 formed during implantation were separated by filtration through micropore filter paper followed by solvent extraction. Dried samples of the endofullerene compounds were counted for the time differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) measurement using the coincidence of the 151 - 245 keV cascade of 111mCd and the 374 - 158 keV cascade of 199mHg on a six LaBr3(Ce) detector system coupled with digital electronics. The results for 111mCd@C60 indicate a single static component (27%) and a fast relaxing component (73%), the latter implying that the cadmium atom moves rapidly inside the cage at room temperature. The quadrupole interaction frequency and asymmetry parameter of the cadmium atom occupying the static site in C60 are wQ=8.21(36) Mrad s-1 and η = 0.41(9), respectively. The fast relaxation constant is 0.0031(4) ns-1. Similarly, mercury atoms also exhibit a single static and a fast component. The static site has a quadrupole frequency wQ=283.0(12.4) Mrad s-1 and η =0 with a fraction of 30%. The fast relaxation constant is 0.045(8) ns-1 with a fraction of 70%, very similar to that of cadmium.
The Ignition of Cylindrical Fusion Targets by Multi-Mega-Ampere GeV Proton Beams below the Alfvén Limit
Authors: Winterberg Friedwardt
Published: October 2014

It is shown that cylindrical deuterium targets can be ignited with multi-mega-ampere GeV proton beams below the Alfvén limit and a small amount of tritium. The proton beams can be generated by discharging a magnetically insulated gigavolt capacitor. Surrounding the thermonuclear microexplosion with a thick layer of liquid hydrogen, heated to a ~ 105 K plasma by the thermalization of the fusion reaction neutrons, most of the energy released can be converted into electric energy by a magnetohydrodynamic generator.
Failure of street pavements resulting from underground water pipeline breaks
Authors: Bardet Jean‐Pierre , Fu Tat S. , Davis Craig A.
Published: October 2014

The aging and deterioration of water distribution systems in cities worldwide result in more frequent water main breaks, dramatic pavement failures, and flooding damage. This study examines the consequences of water main breaks, especially the failure of street pavements caused by the pressure of leaking water and the erosion of pipe bedding. It accounts for various types of pressure releases and encompasses abrupt to slow water discharges. It also considers the formation of cavities under street pavements caused by longstanding leaks. Although simplified, the study covers many geometries and properties of pipes and bedding materials in urban infrastructures. By estimating the consequences of water main breaks, the analysis intends to prompt more proactive infrastructure asset planning.
Early patterning and specification of cardiac progenitors in gastrulating mesoderm
Authors: Devine W Patrick , Wythe Joshua D , George Matthew , Koshiba-Takeuchi Kazuko , Bruneau Benoit G
Published: October 2014

Mammalian heart development requires precise allocation of cardiac progenitors. The existence of a multipotent progenitor for all anatomic and cellular components of the heart has been predicted but its identity and contribution to the two cardiac progenitor ‘fields’ has remained undefined. Here we show, using clonal genetic fate mapping, that Mesp1+ cells in gastrulating mesoderm are rapidly specified into committed cardiac precursors fated for distinct anatomic regions of the heart. We identify Smarcd3 as a marker of early specified cardiac precursors and identify within these precursors a compartment boundary at the future junction of the left and right ventricles that arises prior to morphogenesis. Our studies define the timing and hierarchy of cardiac progenitor specification and demonstrate that the cellular and anatomical fate of mesoderm-derived cardiac cells is specified very early. These findings will be important to understand the basis of congenital heart defects and to derive cardiac regeneration strategies.
Phytoplankton biomass profiles in San Jorge Bay (Antofagasta, Chile) based on color imagery
Authors: Dávila Paola M , Díaz Sue-Hellen , Valdés Jorge
Published: October 2014

Fluorometric measurements were taken from a CTD at San Jorge Bay (northern Chile) to adjust a Gaussian model, in order to determine the vertical distribution of phytoplankton biomass using satellite-derived chlorophyll a data. Calibration was done using two in situ data sets. Each chlorophyll a profile was smoothed by a moving average and adjusted with a Gaussian model, obtaining the mean Gaussian parameters for both data sets. The mean Gaussian model obtained for one of the data sets was valid for a chlorophyll a range between 1.17 and 51.8 mg m–3, and the maximum concentration was located at 19.20 and 0.25 m depth, respectively. The 20 January 2011 color image was analyzed for the study area, and the modal concentration was 0.78 mg m–3, with 95% of the data varying between 0.5 and 20.0 mg m–3. The adjusted mean Gaussian model was valid for 80.26% of the study area. The analysis was expanded to the rest of January 2011 (14 images), and the model was valid for 84.40% (±12.48%) of the study area. The same procedure was followed but without applying the moving average to the in situ data, and the Gaussian model obtained in this case was valid for 93.72% (±8.89%) of the study area. Other studies of the optical properties of water are required for a better interpretation of the color images for this coastal system.
Activated protein C resistance testing for factor V Leiden
Authors: Kadauke Stephan , Khor Bernard , Van Cott Elizabeth M.
Published: October 2014

Activated protein C resistance assays can detect factor V Leiden with high accuracy, depending on the method used. Factor Xa inhibitors such as rivaroxaban and direct thrombin inhibitors including dabigatran, argatroban, and bivalirudin can cause falsely normal results. Lupus anticoagulants can cause incorrect results in most current assays. Assays that include dilution into factor V‐deficient plasma are needed to avoid interference from factor deficiencies or elevations, which can arise from a wide variety of conditions such as warfarin, liver dysfunction, or pregnancy. The pros and cons of the currently available assays are discussed. Am. J. Hematol. 89:1147–1150, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantifying transmission by stage of infection in the field: The example of SIV‐1 and STLV‐1 infecting mandrills
Authors: Roussel Marion , Pontier Dominique , Kazanji Mirdad , Ngoubangoye Barthélémy , Mahieux Renaud , Verrier Delphine , Fouchet David
Published: October 2014

The early stage of viral infection is often followed by an important increase of viral load and is generally considered to be the most at risk for pathogen transmission. Most methods quantifying the relative importance of the different stages of infection were developed for studies aimed at measuring HIV transmission in Humans. However, they cannot be transposed to animal populations in which less information is available. Here we propose a general method to quantify the importance of the early and late stages of the infection on micro‐organism transmission from field studies. The method is based on a state space dynamical model parameterized using Bayesian inference. It is illustrated by a 28 years dataset in mandrills infected by Simian Immunodeficiency Virus type‐1 (SIV‐1) and the Simian T‐Cell Lymphotropic Virus type‐1 (STLV‐1). For both viruses we show that transmission is predominant during the early stage of the infection (transmission ratio for SIV‐1: 1.16 [0.0009; 18.15] and 9.92 [0.03; 83.8] for STLV‐1). However, in terms of basic reproductive number (R0), which quantifies the weight of both stages in the spread of the virus, the results suggest that the epidemics of SIV‐1 and STLV‐1 are mainly driven by late transmissions in this population. Am. J. Primatol. 77:309–318, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermodynamics of a quantum dissipative charged magneto‐oscillator
Authors: Kumar Jishad
Published: October 2014

Quantum dissipative effect on the thermodynamics of an electron in the combined presence of a parabolic potential and a uniform (and homogeneous) magnetic field, is investigated here. Starting from the microscopic system plus bath model, we explicitly derive the thermodynamic properties using the reduced partition function of the system which is calculated using the imaginary time path integral method. The quantum heat bath we consider here is a structured heat bath whose spectral density corresponds to a structured thermal harmonic noise. All the statistical thermodynamic functions calculated do reconcile with the requirements of the fundamental axioms of physics. In particular, the specific heat and the entropy vanishes as the temperature approaches its absolute zero value, a necessity of the third law of thermodynamics. Moreover the specific heat satisfies classical equipartition theorem at high temperatures. The coefficients of the leading temperature dependent terms of the thermodynamic quantities depend only on the damping constant but not on other parameters of the bath spectral density, which is similar to the analysis based on the Drude bath spectral density. Our study facilitates the physics of small quantum systems, which are always in contact with some environments, at very low temperatures.

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Phototunable Liquid‐Crystalline Phases Made of Nanoparticles
Authors: Zep Anna , Wojcik Michal M. , Lewandowski Wiktor , Sitkowska Kaja , Prominski Aleksander , Mieczkowski Jozef , Pociecha Damian , Gorecka Ewa
Published: October 2014

The properties of liquid‐crystalline (LC) hybrid systems made of inorganic nanoparticles grafted with photosensitive azo compounds are presented. For materials with a large density of azo ligands at the surface, the LC structure can be reversibly melted by UV light, and the return to the LC state does not require the absorption of visible light. For systems with a lower density of azo ligands, UV light causes shortening of the distance between metal sublayers in the lamellar phase. Interestingly, the azo derivatives attached to the nanoparticle surface show very different kinetics of cis/trans conformational change as compared to the free molecules. The cis form of free ligands in solution is stable for days, whereas the isomerization of molecules attached to the nanoparticle surface to the trans form takes only a few minutes. Apparently, owing to the crowded environment, azo ligands immobilized at a metal surface behave as they would in the condensed state.
Lagrangian simulation and analysis of the micromixing phenomena in a cylindrical paddle mixer using a modified weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics method
Authors: Shamsoddini Rahim , Sefid Mohammad , Fatehi Rouhollah
Published: October 2014

In the present study, a robust modified weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is introduced in order to examine the micromixing phenomena within a cylindrical paddle mixer. Because it has a Lagrangian nature and it is based on particles, smoothed particle hydrodynamics is an appropriate and convenient method for simulating the moving boundary problems and tracking the particles in the mixing process. The present study thus introduces a convenient SPH method for modelling the mixing process. The straight and cross‐shaped blades are considered, and the effects of the fixed rotation, planetary motion of the blade, and position of the blade on the mixing rate are studied. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of various efficient vulcanization cure systems on the compression set of a nitrile rubber filled with different fillers
Authors: Movahed Saeed Ostad , Ansarifar Ali , Mirzaie Farnaz
Published: October 2014

Effect of various efficient vulcanization (EV) sulfur cure systems on the compression set of a nitrile rubber filled with carbon black and silica/silane fillers was examined. The cure systems had different amounts of thiuram and sulfenamide accelerators and elemental sulfur, whilst the loading of zinc oxide and stearic acid activators was kept constant. The fillers had surface areas from 35 to 175 m2/g. In this study, the lowest compression set was measured for the rubber filled with carbon black with 78 m2/g surface area, which was cured with an EV cure system made of a small amount of elemental sulfur and large amounts of the two accelerators. Interestingly, a small change in the amount of elemental sulfur had a bigger effect on the compression set than did large changes in the loading of the accelerators in the cure system. Among the fillers, carbon black caused less compression set of the rubber vulcanizate than the silica/silane system did. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41512.