bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antecedents of facades of conformity: when can employees “be themselves”?
Authors: Perrigino Matthew B. , Jenkins Marjorie
Published: June 2022

Purpose

An individual engages in a façade of conformity by attempting to appear to embrace their organization's values when, in truth, they do not. While numerous studies investigate the negative outcomes associated with facades of conformity, fewer studies consider its antecedents. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between diversity-related influences – including individuals' beliefs, other unit members' beliefs, unit gender diversity and unit racial diversity – and individuals' propensities to engage in a façade of conformity.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper administered an online survey to 2,122 employees nested within 151 units located at a hospital site located in the southeastern United States. Hierarchical linear modeling and relative weights analyses were used to test the study hypotheses which aimed to determine how objective diversity and perceptions associated with diversity increase or diminish facades of conformity.

Findings

In this paper individuals' and other unit members' beliefs that their organization values diversity were negatively associated with facades of conformity; however, there was a positive association between unit gender diversity and facades of conformity. There were no statistically significant associations involving unit racial diversity or interactive effects. Overall, the results indicate that it is less likely that employees will engage in façades of conformity when diversity is valued within organizations.

Originality/value

By further expanding understanding of the concept of façades of conformity within the humanities and social sciences literature, this study highlight the importance of allowing and encouraging employees to “be themselves.”
Linking self-congruence and functional congruence to mobile health apps
Authors: Mähner Philipp M. , Zogaj Adnan , Tscheulin Dieter K.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Consumers often start using mobile health apps but quit using them after a brief period of time. However, app providers can only ensure their long-term existence in the market if their app is used a long period, so that they can thus generate long-term revenue from advertising, subscriptions and sponsorships. Therefore, this study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the determinants of consumers’ continuous usage intention.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a sample of 274 current mobile health app users, this study tests whether ideal self-congruence and/or functional congruence strengthens consumers’ continuous usage intention.

Findings

The results reveal that ideal self-congruence and functional congruence positively affect consumers’ continuous usage intention. Furthermore, an initial favorable attitude toward a mobile health app (i.e. ideal self-congruence) leads to a more favorable evaluation of the functional attributes of the app regardless of consumers’ objective evaluation of these attributes.

Practical implications

Providers should specifically take consumers’ ideal self-concept into consideration to increase consumers’ continuous usage intention of mobile health apps. Matching consumers’ ideal self-concept further leads consumers to a more favorable evaluation of the functional attributes of mobile health apps.

Originality/value

Only a few studies have examined factors influencing the continuous usage intention of mobile health apps; moreover, these studies have largely neglected the symbolic dimension of consumption behavior. Therefore, this study introduces congruence theory into the context of mobile health apps to provide a holistic view of the influence of the symbolic (i.e. ideal self-congruence) and utilitarian (i.e. functional congruence) dimensions on mobile health app consumption.
Exploring the factors of students' intention to participate in AI software development
Authors: Chen Shih-Yeh , Su Yu-Sheng , Ku Ya-Yuan , Lai Chin-Feng , Hsiao Kuo-Lun
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Although many universities have begun to provide artificial intelligence (AI)-related courses for students, the influence of the course on students' intention to participate in the development of AI-related products/services needs to be verified. In order to explore the factors that influence students' participation in AI services and system development, this study uses self-efficacy, AI literacy, and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to investigate students' intention to engage in AI software development.

Design/methodology/approach

The questionnaire was distributed online to collect university students' responses in central Taiwan. The research model and eleven hypotheses are tested using 151 responses. The testing process adopted SmartPLS 3.3 and SPSS 26 software.

Findings

AI programming self-efficacy, AI literacy, and course satisfaction directly affected the intention to participate in AI software development. Moreover, course playfulness significantly affected course satisfaction and AI literacy. However, course usefulness positively affected course satisfaction but did not significantly affect AI literacy and AI programming self-efficacy.

Originality/value

The model improves our comprehension of the influence of AI literacy and AI programming self-efficacy on the intention. Moreover, the effects of AI course usefulness and playfulness on literacy and self-efficacy were verified. The findings and insights can help design the AI-related course and encourage university students to participate in AI software development. The study concludes with suggestions for course design for AI course instructors or related educators.
Comments and responses' combination: tourist destination's moderating effect
Authors: Wei Helin , Shan Donglu , Zhu Shaoying , Wu Decheng , Lyu Bei
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To examine the relationship between online comments, merchant replies and online sales of tourism products and focus on the moderating role of tourist destination.

Design/methodology/approach

This article uses crawler technology and regression analysis methods.

Findings

The researchers found the following: (1) The number of pictures uploaded with online comments, the number of merchant replies and the length of merchant replies have a significant positive effect on sales of tourism products, while the length of comments and the similarity of merchant replies negatively affect sales of tourism products. The emotional scores of the reviews do not significantly affect sales of tourism products. (2) Tourist destination moderates the relationship between user comments and sales of tourism products. The length of comments has a greater negative effect on sales of domestic tourism products, while the number of comments has a greater positive effect on sales of overseas tourism products. (3) Tourist destination moderates the relationship between merchant replies and sales of tourism products. Consumers who choose domestic tourism products pay more attention to the interactivity reflected by merchant replies (e.g. number and length of merchant replies), while consumers who choose overseas tourism products hope to receive replies that are more useful, such as reply similarity.

Originality/value

The research conclusions enrich the relevant research in the field of online review research and has practical significance for how companies increase sales of tourism products.
Absolute number heuristic in discount frames
Authors: Wang Bo
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study examines whether the absolute number heuristic holds for consumers' responses to higher-priced versus lower-priced products. Further, it explores whether the different construal level as induced from presence or absence of a product image can be a boundary condition for the absolute number heuristic.

Design/methodology/approach

Four experiments were conducted. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants were presented with a discount either in the amount off or percent off format, for products whose prices were 99 Yuan, 100 Yuan and 101 Yuan, respectively. In Experiment 3, the prices were changed to be 90 Yuan, 900 Yuan and 9,000 Yuan, respectively. In Experiment 4, the prices were 48 Yuan and 480 Yuan, respectively.

Findings

Experiment 1 showed neither main effect of discount frame nor interaction between price level and discount frame for all dependent variables (i.e. willingness to pay or WTP, purchase intention, attitude and perceived value), thus posing a challenge to the absolute number heuristic. Notably, the lack of main effect and interaction for purchase intention, attitude and perceived value were replicated in Experiments 2, 3 and 4. With WTP being the dependent variable, however, Experiment 4 showed that the effect of discount frame was dependent on price level.

Research limitations/implications

The current findings pose a challenge to the absolute number heuristic and contribute to the literature by revealing that the joint effects of price level and discount frame can be moderated by whether an ad contains the product image.

Practical implications

It is necessary for marketers to realize that inclusion of a product image may eliminate the effect of discount frame. Specifically, in terms of promoting a relatively expensive product, in order for the percent off discount to enhance the amount of money that consumers are willing to pay, an ad without a product image may be more favorable.

Originality/value

The current study is the first to challenge the absolute number heuristic by showing that the interaction between price level and discount frame is contingent on whether an ad contains the product image.
Intergenerational living during the pandemic
Authors: Stevenson Rachel , Atkinson Jean
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This is an opinion piece provided by Rachel, 31, and her grandmother, Jean, 97, who have been living together for two and a half years, since Rachel became unwell with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.

Design/methodology/approach

Each author shares their experiences of intergenerational living through the pandemic.

Findings

What each of them has learned about intergenerational living during the COVID pandemic and mutual support and what has surprised them, including how it has improved quality of life for both of them.

Originality/value

This is an unusual intergenerational first-person account of intergenerational mutually supportive living during the pandemic, with insider insights.
The role of cognitive capital in supply chain resilience: an investigation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Daghar Anis , Alinaghian Leila , Turner Neil
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Research on the “black box” of cognitive capital remains limited in supply chain resilience (SCRES) literature. Drawing from an in-depth single case study of a major consumer electronics multinational facing the COVID-19 disruption, this paper aims to develop a clearer picture of cognitive capital’s elements while contextualizing how they interact with SCRES temporal capabilities to prepare, respond, recover and learn.

Design/methodology/approach

Consisting of 40 in-depth interviews collected during a four-month period, this single case revolves around the buyer’s view across 36 multiregional buyer–supplier dyads, spanning 17 product and service categories. Data were processed during the pandemic, while findings discuss pre- and intra-crisis events based on two scenarios: the impact of disruption on category demand, comparing sudden pandemic-driven product and service demand fluctuations (i.e. increase, decrease); and the geographical proximity of the supplier relative to the buying firm.

Findings

The case unveils different elements of cognitive capital (e.g. shared goals, assumptions, values, kinesics language, multilingualism, virtual negotiation, prior disruption experience, shared process capabilities) during a major global disruption, suggesting that different cognitive capital elements influence positively and differently SCRES’ temporal capabilities. Overall, buying firms are urged to build on cognitive capital to improve SCRES preparation, response, recovery and learning.

Originality/value

This paper extends the understanding of cognitive capital in buyer–supplier relationships by identifying its elements and offering a theoretical articulation of how they enable episodically the four SCRES temporal capabilities under contingencies of increased and decreased demands, and suppliers’ geographical proximity.
Polar flagellar wrapping and lateral flagella jointly contribute to Shewanella putrefaciens environmental spreading
Authors: Kühn Marco J. , Edelmann Daniel B. , Thormann Kai M.
Published: June 2022

Flagella enable bacteria to actively spread within the environment. A number of species possess two separate flagellar systems, where in most cases a primary polar flagellar system is supported by distinct secondary lateral flagella under appropriate conditions. Using functional fluorescence tagging on one of these species, Shewanella putrefaciens, as a model system, we explored how two different flagellar systems can exhibit efficient joint function. The S. putrefaciens secondary flagellar filaments are composed as a mixture of two highly homologous non‐glycosylated flagellins, FlaA2 and FlaB2. Both are solely sufficient to form a functional filament, however, full spreading motility through soft agar requires both flagellins. During swimming, lateral flagella emerge from the cell surface at angles between 30° and 50°, and only filaments located close to the cell pole may form a bundle. Upon a directional shift from forward to backward swimming initiated by the main polar flagellum, the secondary filaments flip over and thus support propulsion into either direction. Lateral flagella do not inhibit the wrapping of the polar flagellum around the cell body at high load. Accordingly, screw thread‐like motility mediated by the primary flagellum and activity of lateral flagella cumulatively supports spreading through constricted environments such as polysaccharide matrices.
Consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for improved environmental standards: insights from cane sugar in the Great Barrier Reef region*
Authors: De Valck Jeremy , Rolfe John , Rajapaksa Darshana , Star Megan
Published: June 2022

Reducing nutrient runoff from sugarcane production into the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) has become a major policy focus for the Queensland and Australian Governments. This study explores consumer willingness to pay (WTP) to achieve higher environmental standards for sugar originating from the GBR catchments, through the use of a GBR‐safe ecolabel. A Best‐Worst Scaling (BWS) and a Contingent Valuation (CV) experiment are conducted on a random sample of 1,100 Australian residents. The BWS experiment reveals that personal health considerations are more important than sustainability and environmental factors, including impacts on the GBR. Results of the CV experiment show that respondents are more likely to pay a premium to support Reef‐friendly sugar if they are living in urban areas, plan to visit the GBR in the future, think that the GBR condition has declined, and are generally concerned about keeping a healthy diet. We estimate that the average WTP is $24.5/year/household, which only represents 0.34 per cent of the average weekly grocery bill of Australian households. This small contribution through increased sugar prices could conservatively raise $46.9M/year in support of sugar producers to improve water quality in the GBR. Based on these results, we recommend policy‐makers consider instruments that further involve sugar consumers.
Did tradable quota rights really affect fleet size? The case of the Gulf of Mexico reef‐fish fishery*
Authors: Dakhlia Sami , Marvasti Akbar
Published: June 2022

An explicit policy objective of the tradable individual fishing quota programs introduced for various reef‐fish species in the Gulf of Mexico in 2007 and 2010 was to restore cost‐effectiveness by reducing the fishery's significant excess capacity. To gauge the success of this policy shift from a common‐pool to a catch shares system, we construct a simple model of vessel participation that takes into account the regulatory systems as well as environmental and economic variables. Calibrating our model with historical data from 1990 to 2020, we show how changes in the total allowable catch, biomass, dockside prices, and the regulatory system can explain the observed contraction of the fleet size. We find that only about half of the initial contraction was due to the switch from a common‐pool to a tradable quota system, the remainder being driven by the simultaneously occurring biomass recovery on the one hand and a participation‐inflating contest for catch shares prior to the regime change on the other.
Dental procedures in children with or without intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder in a hospital setting
Authors: Azimi S , Wong K , Lai YYL , Bourke J , Junaid M , Jones J , Pritchard D , Calache H , Winters J , Slack‐Smith L , Leonard H
Published: June 2022

Background

This population‐based cohort study investigated dental procedures in the hospital setting in Western Australian children with or without intellectual disability (ID) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged up to 18 years. Considering previously reported disparities in dental disease between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australian children, this study also investigated the effect of Indigenous status on dental procedures.

Methods

Data on Western Australian live births from 1983 to 2010 from the Midwives Notification System were linked to the Intellectual Disability Exploring Answers database and the Hospital Morbidity Data collection. Primary admissions for relevant dental diagnoses were identified, and treatment procedures for dental hospitalization were investigated. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi‐squared test of independence were used for analysis.

Results

Overall, 76 065 episodes of dental hospitalization were recorded. Amongst children with ID and/or ASD, Indigenous children experienced more extractions and fewer restorations (68.7% and 16.2%) compared to non‐Indigenous children (51.5% and 25.9%). After 6 years, extraction occurred less often in children with ID and/or ASD than in those without, where most surgical dental extractions were in the age group of 13–18 years.

Conclusions

This study indicates a need for further improvements in access to dental services and the quality of care provided in hospitals for children with ID/ASD. There is also concern that more vulnerable Indigenous and all disadvantaged children are receiving an inadequate level of dental services resulting in more emergency dental hospitalization and invasive treatment.
Cost‐minimisation analysis of polysomnography and pulse oximetry in a risk stratification protocol for paediatric adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Key Seraphina , Chia Clemente , Nixon Gillian , Paddle Paul
Published: June 2022

Background

Severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with increased risk of respiratory compromise in the post‐operative period following adenotonsillectomy (AT). This study analyses the economic cost of polysomnography or overnight oximetry as part of pre‐operative risk stratification in paediatric AT, supplementing previously published research demonstrating the efficacy of this protocol in predicting respiratory complications.

Methods

This cost‐minimisation analysis examines costs associated with pre‐operative overnight oximetry and polysomnography in triaging paediatric patients older than 2 years old, with no major comorbidities except for OSA, undergoing AT for OSA (n = 1801) to either a secondary or quaternary Australian hospital. Decision analysis modelling via probability trees were utilized to estimate pre‐ and peri‐operative costs. A third hypothetical ‘no investigation’ model based upon conducting all AT at a secondary hospital was performed. Costs are derived from the financial year 2020–2021, censored at discharge.

Results

The total cost per patient of AT including pre‐operative investigations of oximetry and polysomnography, and associated inpatient costs, were AUD4181.34 and 5013.99 respectively. This is more expensive compared to a hypothetical no‐investigation model (AUD3958.98).

Conclusion

Within the scope of this partial economic evaluation, this study finds a small additional cost for a model of care involving overnight oximetry as a pre‐operative triage tool, balanced by the reduced cost of care in a lower acuity centre for low‐risk patients and potential high cost of complications if all children are treated in a low acuity centre. This supports oximetry in peri‐operative risk stratification for paediatric AT from a financial perspective.
Machine learning and artificial intelligence in cardiac transplantation: A systematic review
Authors: Naruka Vinci , Arjomandi Rad Arian , Subbiah Ponniah Hariharan , Francis Jeevan , Vardanyan Robert , Tasoudis Panagiotis , Magouliotis Dimitrios E. , Lazopoulos George L. , Salmasi Mohammad Yousuf , Athanasiou Thanos
Published: June 2022

Background

This review aims to systematically evaluate the currently available evidence investigating the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the field of cardiac transplantation. Furthermore, based on the challenges identified we aim to provide a series of recommendations and a knowledge base for future research in the field of ML and heart transplantation.

Methods

A systematic database search was conducted of original articles that explored the use of ML and/or AI in heart transplantation in EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar, from inception to November 2021.

Results

Our search yielded 237 articles, of which 13 studies were included in this review, featuring 463 850 patients. Three main areas of application were identified: (1) ML for predictive modeling of heart transplantation mortality outcomes; (2) ML in graft failure outcomes; (3) ML to aid imaging in heart transplantation. The results of the included studies suggest that AI and ML are more accurate in predicting graft failure and mortality than traditional scoring systems and conventional regression analysis. Major predictors of graft failure and mortality identified in ML models were: length of hospital stay, immunosuppressive regimen, recipient's age, congenital heart disease, and organ ischemia time. Other potential benefits include analyzing initial lab investigations and imaging, assisting a patient with medication adherence, and creating positive behavioral changes to minimize further cardiovascular risk.

Conclusion

ML demonstrated promising applications for improving heart transplantation outcomes and patient‐centered care, nevertheless, there remain important limitations relating to implementing AI into everyday surgical practices.
A retrospective cohort study: pre‐operative oral enteral nutritional optimisation for Crohnʼs disease in a UK tertiary IBD centre
Authors: Meade Susanna , Patel Kamal V. , Luber Raphael P. , O'Hanlon Dearbhaile , Caracostea Andra , Pavlidis Polychronis , Honap Sailish , Anandarajah Cheran , Griffin Nyree , Zeki Sebastian , Ray Shuvra , Mawdsley Joel , Samaan Mark A. , Anderson Simon H. , Darakhshan Amir , Adams Katie , Williams Andrew , Sanderson Jeremy D. , Lomer Miranda , Irving Peter M.
Published: June 2022

Background

Low‐quality evidence suggests that pre‐operative exclusive enteral nutrition (E/EN) can improve postoperative outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). It is not standard practice in most centres.

Aims

To test the hypothesis that pre‐operative EN in patients undergoing ileal/ileocolonic surgery for CD is associated with improved postoperative outcome.

Methods

We performed a single centre retrospective observational study comparing surgical outcomes in patients receiving pre‐operative EN (≥600 kcal/day for ≥2 weeks) with those who received no nutritional optimisation. Consecutive adult patients undergoing ileal/ileocolonic resection from 2008 to 2020 were included. The primary outcome was postoperative complications <30 days. Secondary outcomes included EN tolerance, specific surgical complications, unplanned stoma formation, length of stay, length of bowel resected, readmission and biochemical/anthropometric changes.

Results

300 surgeries were included comprising 96 without nutritional optimisation and 204 optimised cases: oral EN n = 173, additional PN n = 31 (4 of whom had received nasogastric/nasojejunal EN). 142/204 (69.6%) tolerated EN. 125/204 (61.3%) initiated EN in clinic. Patients in the optimised cohort were younger at operation and diagnosis, with an increased frequency of penetrating disease and exposure to antibiotics or biologics, and were more likely to undergo laparoscopic surgery. The optimised cohort had favourable outcomes on multivariate analysis: all complications [OR 0.29; 0.15–0.57, p < 0.001], surgical complications [OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.20–0.87, p = 0.02], non‐surgical complications [OR 0.24 95% CI 0.11–0.52, p < 0.001], infective complications [OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.16–0.66, p = 0.001].

Conclusions

Oral EN was reasonably well tolerated and associated with a reduction in 30‐day postoperative complications. Randomised controlled trials are required to confirm these findings.
“A canary is supposed to sit in a cage and look at someone else's happiness”: Domestic rewilding in fin‐de‐siècle St Petersburg
Authors: Petri Olga
Published: June 2022

In this paper, I suggest a new way of looking at the aesthetically motivated invitation of the putative wild into the inner sanctum of human artifice, the domestic sphere. I use the urban historical geography of Russia as my example. Rather than interpreting such interventions as simply the transplantation of the wild in time and space, the biological recovery of an often imaginary rural past, I argue that the paradoxes of what I call “domestic rewilding” deserve particular attention, as they reveal the aesthetic and political preoccupations motivating such projects. I put a special stress on the gendered cultural politics of canary‐keeping in fin‐de‐siècle St Petersburg, which saw a craze for canaries in the homes of all classes. In many cases, it was women who bought, trained, and traded these birds in order to beautify – via an ecological imaginary– the cultural spaces that had been created with the objective of keeping the non‐urban wild at bay. By installing these acoustic artefacts in the heart of the home, these women obtained a covert licence to go out on a figurative limb. The human/non‐human symbiosis of canary domestication provided a cover for women's incursions into traditionally male public formats of organised societies and scientific publications. The paradoxes of domestic rewilding thus subversively re‐constituted the gendered spaces of St Petersburg's urban modernity.
L‐lysine: Its antagonism with L‐arginine in controlling viral infection. Narrative literature review
Authors: Pedrazini Maria Cristina , da Silva Mariliza Henrique , Groppo Francisco Carlos
Published: June 2022

Knowledge about viral characteristics, mechanisms of entry into the host cell and multiplication/dissemination can help in the control and treatment of viral pathologies. Several nutritional factors linked to the host may favour viral multiplication and their control, may lead to new prophylactic alternatives and/or antiviral therapies. The objective of this review is to discuss the relationship between the amino acid L‐lysine and the control of viral infections, aiming at a possible therapeutic property. This research used databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scielo, Medline and Google Scholar, as well as searching for references cited by journals. The time frame covered the period between 1964 and January 2022. The observed studies have shown that the usual antiviral therapies are not able to interfere with the viruses in their latent state; however, they can interfere with the adhesion and fusion of viral particles or the production of proteins, which play an important role in viral epidemiology and control, particularly in the initial moment and in reactivation. Lysine is an amino acid that can interfere mainly in the formation of capsid proteins and DNA by a competitive antagonism with amino acid arginine, which is an essential amino acid for some viruses, and also by promoting the increase of arginase, increasing the catabolism of arginine. Although there is evidence of the importance of L‐lysine in viral control, more studies are needed, with a view to new antiviral therapies.
Reduction in seroprevalence of viral transfusion‐transmitted infections in southwest Nigeria in children with sickle cell disease using an enhanced screening strategy
Authors: Ogbenna Ann A. , Akinsete Adeseye M. , Kalejaiye Olufunto O. , Matthew Oyewole Kunmi , Sharma Deva , Andrews Jennifer , Kassim Adetola A.
Published: June 2022

Blood transfusion is an integral component in the management of children and adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). Concerns about blood safety due to the high risk of bloodborne infections in sub‐Saharan Africa limits the application of this cost‐effective strategy in the management of individuals with SCD. In a single‐centre, retrospective, longitudinal study in southwest Nigeria, we hypothesised that the use of stringent blood donor selection, along with very sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening methods would reduce transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs). Among 45 002 eligible blood donors at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria, over a 5‐year review period (2015–2019), the seroprevalence rate of viral TTIs was 9.83%. The seroprevalence rates for human immunodeficiency, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C viruses were 1.37%, 6.2%, and 2.25% respectively. Among 172 children with SCD, 71% (122/172) on regular blood transfusion and 29% (50/172) who had never been transfused or had less than two transfusions per lifetime, none acquired any TTIs using our enhanced screening approach during the study period. Thus, safe blood transfusion practices can be provided for children with SCD in sub‐Saharan Africa with the use of stringent donor selection protocols and fourth‐generation ELISA kits for TTI screening.
Bicultural competence and academic adjustment across Latino youth adaptation from high school to college
Authors: Safa M. Dalal , Gusman Michaela S. , Doane Leah D.
Published: June 2022

This study investigated the association between bicultural competence and academic adjustment (i.e., engagement, efficacy, achievement) among 193 Latino youth (65.3% female; 89.1% U.S.‐born) followed from their senior high school year (Mage = 17.58 years, SD = 0.53) to their fifth college semester (2016–2019). Latent growth analyses revealed that youth's overall bicultural competence trajectory was moderately high and stable across this period. Youth who maintained or increased bicultural competence levels over time (slopes) demonstrated greater self‐efficacy. Youth with greater high school bicultural competence (intercepts) demonstrated higher engagement but lower achievement. No other associations emerged. This study highlights that the promoting influence of bicultural competence may not extend to all indicators of academic adjustment but may depend upon the contexts and demands they navigate.
Functional status of heart transplant recipients predicts survival
Authors: Shaw Taylor B. , Blitzer David , Carter Kristen T. , Lirette Seth , Mohammed Asim , Copeland Jack , Baran David A. , Copeland Hannah
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Recipient functional status prior to transplantation can significantly impact post‐transplant survival.

Methods

The United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried for adult heart transplants including data on functional capacity and from February 1, 2005 to March 1, 2021; there were 32 875 cases included. The four functional categories studied were based on adult daily activities of living and were separated into total assistance required, some assistance required, no assistance required, and near death. Survival outcomes were compared for recipient's pretransplant level of functional status versus those with near death status. These were compared using adjusted logistic regression (odds of death at 30 days and 1 year) and conditional Cox models (overall survival and time until post‐transplant rejection). All models were adjusted for donor age, sex, ethnicity, ischemic time, as well as recipient age, sex, ethnicity, length of stay, UNOS region, ventricular assist device, creatinine, days on the waiting list, and status at transplant.

Results

There were 12 953 recipients classified as “near death” or “severely disabled”; 7711 “required total assistance in daily living”, 7,328 “needed some”, and 4883 “needed none”. In adjusted models, the probabilities of death for the lowest functioning groups within 30 days and 1 year were 5% and 10%, respectively. Those “requiring total assistance” had analogous probabilities of 3% (OR = 0.58; p < 0.001) and 9% (OR = 0.81; p < 0.001). Those “requiring some assistance” had probabilities of 3% (OR = 0.56; p < 0.001) and 9% (OR = 0.74; p < 0.001). Lastly, those “requiring no assistance” had probabilities of death of 2% (OR = 0.35; p < 0.001) and 7% (OR = 0.63; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Recipient functional status assessed pre‐transplant and recorded in the UNOS database is a strong predictor of post‐transplant survival.
Parenting roles for young people with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder transitioning to adult services
Authors: Janssens Astrid , Blake Sharon , Eke Helen , Price Anna , Ford Tamsin
Published: June 2022

Aim

To inform transitions from child to adult health services, we explored the work and roles parents take in the care of young people with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) aged 14 to 25 years old.

Method

Using framework thematic analysis, we analysed data collected from 28 semi‐structured interviews with parents of young people with ADHD to generate a typology and triangulated it against findings from 64 interviews with young people with ADHD. The interviews were carried out as part of a three‐strand, interactive mixed‐method study.

Results

An entourage typology of three parent roles was identified. Parents moved between ‘manager’ and ‘roadie’ roles as their child gradually matured. A ‘superfan’ role was identified which supported young people's positive self‐image but may impede withdrawal from the ‘manager’ role. Continued parental involvement into adulthood reflected a need to maintain the balance of resources required to maintain quality of life for the whole family.

Interpretation

This is the first study to explore parental roles in the health care of young people with ADHD. Parents will vary in their capacity to fulfil the identified roles and step back their care as their children reach adulthood. The findings can inform intervention development to support families and transition between services.

What this paper adds

Parents move from a ‘manager’ to ‘roadie’ role as young people mature.

A ‘superfan’ role supports positive self‐image and directed health care work.

Continued involvement reflects parental responsibility to juggle wider family needs and resources.

Parents differ in capacity to fulfil and move between these roles.
What is a clinical practice guideline? A roadmap to their development. Special report from the Guidelines Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy
Authors: Jetté Nathalie , Kirkpatrick Martin , Lin Katia , Fernando Sanjaya M. S. , French Jacqueline A. , Jehi Lara , Kumlien Eva , Triki Chahnez C. , Wiebe Samuel , Wilmshurst Jo , Brigo Francesco
Published: June 2022

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are statements that provide evidence‐based recommendations aimed at optimizing patient care. However, many other documents are often published as “guidelines” when they are not; these documents, although also important in clinical practice, are usually not systematically produced following rigorous processes linking the evidence to the recommendations. Specifically, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) guideline development toolkit aims to ensure that high‐quality CPGs are developed to fill knowledge gaps and optimize the management of epilepsy. In addition to adhering to key methodological processes, guideline developers need to consider that effective CPGs should lead to improvements in clinical processes of care and health care outcomes. This requires monitoring the effectiveness of epilepsy‐related CPGs and interventions to remove the barriers to epilepsy CPG implementation. This article provides an overview of what distinguishes quality CPGs from other documents and discusses their benefits and limitations. We summarize the recently revised ILAE CPG development process and elaborate on the barriers and facilitators to guideline dissemination, implementation, and adaptation.
How large and diverse are field populations of fungal plant pathogens? The case of Zymoseptoria tritici
Authors: McDonald Bruce A. , Suffert Frederic , Bernasconi Alessio , Mikaberidze Alexey
Published: June 2022

Pathogen populations differ in the amount of genetic diversity they contain. Populations carrying higher genetic diversity are thought to have a greater evolutionary potential than populations carrying less diversity. We used published studies to estimate the range of values associated with two critical components of genetic diversity, the number of unique pathogen genotypes and the number of spores produced during an epidemic, for the septoria tritici blotch pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. We found that wheat fields experiencing typical levels of infection are likely to carry between 3.1 and 14.0 million pathogen genotypes per hectare and produce at least 2.1–9.9 trillion pycnidiospores per hectare. Given the experimentally derived mutation rate of 3 × 10−10 substitutions per site per cell division, we estimate that between 27 and 126 million pathogen spores carrying adaptive mutations to counteract fungicides and resistant cultivars will be produced per hectare during a growing season. This suggests that most of the adaptive mutations that have been observed in Z. tritici populations can emerge through local selection from standing genetic variation that already exists within each field. The consequences of these findings for disease management strategies are discussed.
Characteristics and management of skin cancers in very elderly patients: A real‐world challenge for clinicians
Authors: Lai Michela , Pampena Riccardo , Mirra Marica , Raucci Margherita , Benati Elisa , Borsari Stefania , Lombardi Mara , Banzi Maria , Castagnetti Fabio , Palmieri Tamara , Piana Simonetta , Ramundo Dafne , Pellacani Giovanni , Longo Caterina
Published: June 2022

The increase life expectancy led to an expected increase in skin cancer incidence in older patients. Their treatment can require a complex decision‐making process. Limited data are available on characteristics, management and outcome of skin tumours in nonagenarian and centenarian patients. The aim of our study was to describe epidemiology, clinical‐pathological features and treatment strategies of skin cancers in a cohort of patients aged ≧95 years. A total of 116 patients ≧95 years of age presented for the evaluation of 225 skin lesions (mean of 1.94 lesions per patient). The mean age was 97.4 years, 57.8% were women. Most patients had an ECOG score of 3 (49.3%) or 4 (32%). Lesions were mainly located on the head and neck area (74.2%), upper (7.1%) and lower (6,2%) limbs. The majority of patients presented with non‐melanoma skin cancers (183/225; 81.3%), 25/225 (11.1%) had actinic keratosis, 5 (2.2%) melanoma and 2 (0.9%) atypical fibroxanthoma. Forty‐eight lesions (21.3%) were treated with surgery, 58 (25.8%) with radiotherapy. The management of 73 lesion (32.4%) was discussed at the multidisciplinary tumour board meeting. One patient died for the progression of a squamous cell carcinoma; 74 patients died for causes unrelated to skin tumours, 36 are still alive after a mean follow‐up of 27.27 months. This cohort study confirms that age is not per se a contraindication for treatment of skin cancers in elderly patients. Our results support the importance of a patient‐centred care approach that should take into consideration patient's preferences, comorbidities, compliance and possible adverse events.
Experimental study on cracking behaviors of coarse and fine sandstone containing two flaws under biaxial compression
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Ping , Peng Sen‐Lin , Zhang Jian‐Zhi , Zhou Jian‐Nan , Berto Filippo
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the effects of materials and confining pressures on the mechanical properties of flawed coarse and fine sandstone is first analyzed. Then, the evolution processes of spatiotemporal acoustic emission (AE) events of coarse and fine sandstone specimens containing two flaws subjected to biaxial compression are investigated to character the damage characteristics and the fracture mechanism. Third, the ultimate failure modes of coarse sandstone specimens are compared with those of the fine sandstone specimens. Finally, the Electron Probe Microscope Analysis (EPEI) technique is conducted to observe the main macrofracture surfaces of coarse and fine sandstone specimens. Besides, the distribution characteristics of two AE indexes are also employed to qualitatively reveal the failure mechanism of tested specimens. The experimental results can provide new insight into the mechanical responses and the cracking behaviors of flawed rocks in complex stress loading conditions.
Comparative lactic acid fermentation with five Lactobacillus strains of supernatants made of extruded and saccharified chickpea flour
Authors: Mariscal Mireya , Espinosa‐Ramírez Johanan , Pérez‐Carrillo Esther , Santacruz Arlette , Cervantes‐Astorga Enrique , Serna‐Saldívar Sergio O.
Published: June 2022

Glucose‐rich supernatants were developed based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of raw and extruded chickpea flours first treated with alcalase® and then with a combination of alpha‐amylase and amyloglucosidase or only amyloglucosidase. The optimum treatments were the extruded hydrolysates further treated with amyloglucosidase ‘EF(AMG)’, or the raw chickpea flour treated with a combination of alpha‐amylase and amyloglucosidase ‘RF (Amyl+AMG)’. The resulting supernatants were further fermented with five different strains of Lactobacillus and monitored for 24 h in terms of pH, titratable acidity, and microbial counts. Also, the glucose content and oligosaccharides, total protein, and viability were determined. Both supernatants presented a successful fermentation as estimated by the pH drop (<4.2), lactic acid produced (>0.7%), and microbial counts 9 log (CFU mL−1) which increased up to 5 log during the 24 h fermentation. However, the EF(AMG) supernatant induced fewer reductions in glucose and protein contents in comparison to the RF (Amyl+AMG) counterpart. Among bacteria, the strain Lp 29 in EF(AMG) showed the fastest growth rate (K) and the highest residual protein. In all cases, the proposed technology enhanced the growth of five Lactobacillus strains by taking advantage of the hydrolyzed chickpea chemical composition.
Diagnostic overshadowing: An evolutionary concept analysis on the misattribution of physical symptoms to pre‐existing psychological illnesses
Authors: Hallyburton Ann
Published: June 2022

This evolutionary concept analysis explores the meaning of diagnostic overshadowing within the context of physical health care for individuals with mental illness. Diagnostic overshadowing, the misattribution of symptoms of one illness to an already diagnosed comorbidity, leads to compromised patient care and likely contributes to increased mortality experienced by individuals with mental illness. A systematic literature search led to identification of a sample of 25 publications on the topic. Following Rodgers' Evolutionary Concept Analysis methodology, this literature sample yielded unifying definitions, shared themes, factors contributing to the action of diagnostic overshadowing, outcomes caused by this type of misdiagnosis, and possible interventions available to nurses and other healthcare providers. Understanding of the concept diagnostic overshadowing may help prevent its occurrence and its adverse results.
The New EU Industrial Policy and Deepening Structural Asymmetries: Smart Specialisation Not So Smart
Authors: Wigger Angela
Published: June 2022

In response to the 2008 financial crisis and rising competitive pressures from emerging markets, EU industrial policy has made a major comeback. One of the flagship policies is Smart Specialisation, which is located at the intersection of industrial and cohesion policy, and which serves the twin purpose of catalysing the transition of manufacturing sectors to innovative Industry 4.0‐type technologies, as well as inducing social and territorial cohesion and upward economic convergence. Employing a critical political economy perspective that accounts for the interplay between state regulation and capitalism's general dynamic of uneven and combined development, the article argues that Smart Specialisation is unlikely to lead to the proclaimed and much‐needed economic intra‐EU convergence. Although individual Smart Specialisation projects undoubtedly can lead to a technological upgrading, narrowing the gap between advanced high‐tech regions and rapidly de‐industrializing regions, or regions locked into labour‐intensive, low value‐added and less knowledge‐intensive production, remains a pipedream.
Plant polyphenols as green sunscreen ingredients: A systematic review
Authors: Ng Shin Yi , Eh Suk Vicit Rizal , Gew Lai Ti
Published: June 2022

Background

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation has harmful effects on human skin. At present, synthetic and mineral types of sunscreens used to protect against these harmful damages have been reported to cause negative health and environmental effects. The studies involving characterization and isolation of phytoconstituents from natural botanical sources are important to discover their potential beneficial effects on sunscreen development

Aim

This systematic review provides specific and compiled information on the photoprotective properties of natural botanical sources for sunscreen development. The efforts in research and innovation are essential to ensure the safety and sustainability of plant‐based sunscreen products.

Methods

In this review, a total of 35 articles were selected using the Scopus database based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria

Result

The significant correlation between total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activities, and sun protection factor were shown in these studies which confirmed the potential benefits of natural plants in sunscreen development.

Conclusions

In addition, natural botanical sources also exhibit excellent anti‐tyrosinase, anti‐aging, and anti‐inflammatory activities. However, the biological activities of plants were dependent on the solvents used for extraction.