bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost variation analysis of different brands of commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs, available in Indian market: a pharmacoeconomic study
Authors: Mir Shakeel Ahmad
Published: February 2018

Background: Worldwide, Hypertension is estimated to cause 7.5 million deaths, about 12.8% of the total of all deaths. This accounts for 57 million disability adjusted life years (DALYS) or 3.7% of total DALYS. Globally, the overall prevalence of hypertension in adults aged 25 and over was around 40% in 2008.Despite its benefits, treatment of hypertension is costly. Direct medical spending to treat hypertension totalled $42.9 billion in 2010, with almost half ($20.4 billion) in the form of prescription medications. Being, a silent disease, adherence to antihypertensive drugs is poor. One of the important factors of poor adherence to antihypertensives is the cost of the drugs. There is wide cost variation among different brands of the same antihypertensive drug. Clinician’s awareness of cost of therapeutics is poor. The costly brand of same generic drug is proved to be in no way superior to its economically cheaper counterpart.Methods: The minimum and the maximum cost in Rupees (INR) of a particular antihypertensive agent manufactured by various pharmaceutical companies in the same strength were noted. The cost of 10 tablets/capsules was calculated. The cost ratio and percent cost variation were calculated for each brand.Results: The cost variation observed in the present study was as high as 2337.50 % for Hydralazine. Other significantly high cost variations found in the present study were: 1315.25% (Telmisartan+Hydrochlorthiazide), 870.58% (Amlopdipine), 558.34% (Amlodipine+Atenolol), 537.68% (Valsartan), 394.44% (Metoprolol), 344.44% (Enalapril), 316.22% (Propranolol), 300% (Lisinopril), 290.90% (Carvedilol), 289% (Cilnidipine), 271.99% ( Labetolol), 268.04% (Indapamide), 256.31% (Losartan), 255.19% (Irbesartan), 226% (Methyldopa), 223.04% (Frusemide), 209.78% (Nitrendepine), 192.08% (Terazosin), 189.25% (Atenolol), 142.42% (Bisoprolol) and 120.51% (Felodipine).Conclusions: Financial constraints are a reality in almost all aspects of medicine. Doctors must consider drug costs to their patients. Increasing pharmaceutical costs negatively impacts patients. Given the increasing healthcare costs, there is growing interest in rational prescribing, which takes costs of medication into account.
Phenytoin induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a case report
Authors: Kulkarni Shambhavi , Dattatri A. N.
Published: February 2018

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) are rare but potentially life threatening cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Drugs commonly implicated are anti-microbials, anti-epileptics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Amongst anti-epileptics, carbamazepine and phenytoin are the most common offending drugs. We report here a case of SJS due to phenytoin.
Influence of nutritional status on clinical outcomes in critically ill children
Authors: K. M. Chaitra , G. Bhavya , S. Harish , Patel Shruthi , Anjum Syeda Kausar
Published: February 2018

Background: Critically-ill children have a state of metabolic stress. The nutritional needs of these patients can be increased. Their nutritional status at admission and its possible deterioration during hospitalization can be a predictor of worse outcome. The objective of this study was to study the influence of nutritional status on outcomes like mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation and duration PICU stay and hospital stay, in critically ill children.Methods: This was a prospective comparative study conducted on 60 critically ill children aged 1 month to 18 years admitted to PICU of tertiary care, teaching hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka over a study period of 12 months. Patients were divided into 4 categories based on Body mass index (BMI) as per WHO growth charts into: underweight, normal, overweight and obese and outcomes was analysed.Results: In the present study 60 children were studied. Subjects were classified as underweight (23.33%), normal weight (45%), overweight/obese (31.67%) based on BMI Z-score at admission. The odds of prolonged hospital stay were higher in underweight and overweight/obese children (OR-2.85, p-0.12 and OR-3.92, p-0.03 respectively). Underweight and overweight/ obese children had higher odds for prolonged PICU stay. (OR-6, p-0.02 and OR-2.13, p-0.36 respectively). Underweight children required prolonged ventilator support (OR-2, p-0.03). There was no significant difference among the group.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of malnourishment in critically ill children compared to general population and they are prone for poor outcome. Malnourished children must be identified at admission and optimal therapies, nutritional strategies aimed at preventing further nutritional deterioration should be made.
Bubble continuous positive airway pressure machine versus indigenous bubble continuous positive airway pressure as a respiratory support in preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective outcome research at a tertiary care centre in Gujarat, India
Authors: Thaddanee Rekha , Chaudhari Ankur , Chauhan Hasmukh , Morbiwala Shamim , Khilnani Ajeet Kumar
Published: February 2018

Background: In India, there is high burden of prematurity in newborns due to high birth rate and lack of good antenatal care. The objective of this study was to compare the outcome (efficacy and safety) of Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (B-CPAP) machine and Indigenous Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (I-CPAP) as a primary mode of respiratory support in preterm new-borns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). It was a prospective observational comparative study conducted at NICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital of western Gujarat, India, from December 2016 to July 2017.Methods: Eighty-one preterm babies <36 weeks of gestation age with respiratory distress (Silverman Anderson scoring >4) within 6 hours of birth were included (out of 182 preterm newborns with respiratory distress syndrome) and put on respiratory support either with B-CPAP machine (n = 48) or with I-CPAP (n = 33). Outcome was compared in the form of CPAP failure, survival and complication rates.Results: There was no significant difference in the demographic profile of patients in both groups except number of neonates between 1.5-2.5 kg birth weight were significantly high in B-CPAP (45.8%) compared to I-CPAP (33.3%) (p = 0.00074). There were no significant differences in CPAP failure rates in B-CPAP (27%) versus I-CPAP (24.2%). The survival rate (72.9% in B-CPAP) versus (75.7% in I-CPAP) in both groups was also similar (CI 95%, p = 0.774). The complications, such as moderate to severe nasal septal damage, occurred significantly more frequent with B-CPAP machine (47.9%) than on I-CPAP (6%) (CI 95%, p = 0.000062).Conclusions: Efficacy of I-CPAP as a primary mode of respiratory support for preterm new-born with respiratory distress was comparable to B-CPAP. The ease with which it can be assembled makes it a suitable alternative to B-CPAP.
Vitamin D status in asthmatic children and its correlation to asthma control
Authors: Karanam Sandeep , Reddy Soumya , H. Ramesh
Published: February 2018

Background: Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, affecting around 330 million individuals worldwide. Factors like genetic predisposition, early allergen exposure, diet and vitamin D status are all proposed to influence the development and severity of asthma. Epidemiologic data suggests that low serum vitamin D (<30 ng/mL) in children with asthma is associated with more symptoms and exacerbations. The objectives of this study were to determine serum levels of vitamin D in asthmatic children (6-15 years) and to establish a relation between serum vitamin D levels and asthma control.Methods: We conducted a cross sectional observational study. A total of 60 children with asthma were studied to know the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and asthma control, assessed according to Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines (GINA).Results: Only 33.33% of children had sufficient vitamin D levels. Mean±SD vitamin D level of study population was 23.38±8.75. 45% children had well controlled asthma, 28.3% were partly controlled and 26.7% were uncontrolled. Significant (p <0.001) inverse association was found between level of asthma control and vitamin D status. Significant positive correlation was found between percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity (P <0.01). Subjects with well controlled asthma had higher serum levels of 25 (OH) D than children with partially controlled or uncontrolled asthma.Conclusions: Hypovitaminosis D is frequent in children with asthma and is associated with exacerbations, decreased lung functions and severe disease.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers in infantile skin care
Authors: S. Srinivasa , G. Bhavya , Patel Shruthi , S. Harish , Anjum Syeda Kausar
Published: February 2018

Background: Skin of the newborn is susceptible and sensitive to trauma and infection and requires special care. Though mothers are aware of the infants’ skin care, just studying the knowledge and attitude is not enough without studying the practice. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers regarding the infantile skin care.Methods: A cross sectional study conducted at a tertiary care centre in Bangalore. In a period of 6 months, post-natal mothers with infants attending well baby clinics were interviewed through a semi structure performa.Results: Among 400 mothers interviewed mean age was 25.44 years, 37.67% belonging to urban and 62.33% to rural area. 96.7% were educated. Only 36.33% practiced correct hand washing practice before handling. 52.4% reported 1st bath to babies on day 3 of life, 64.4% reported 5-10 minutes bathing, and 78.6% reported daily bathing. 78.30% unaware that perfumed soaps cause skin irritation. 84.60% practiced daily oil massage and 86.40% used coconut oil. Reasons stated were better development (59.30%), soft skin (24.70%). 76.2% used talcum powder to absorb moisture. 88% believes Kajal use is safe and most use to ward off evil eyes. 57% used diapers while going outside, 65% changed < 3 per day, 62 % used cloth to wipe the area, 45% used talcum powder while changing diaper.Conclusion: This study helps us to identify knowledge gaps, cultural beliefs and behavioral pattern of mothers in infantile skin care. It also measures effectiveness of health education in changing health behavior.
A clinical study of viral hepatitis in children: a prospective hospital-based study
Authors: N. Girish , B. Sunil , Devaranavadagi Ranganatha A.
Published: February 2018

Background: Viral hepatitis is a major public health issue throughout the world affecting millions of children; Clinical presentation may vary from asymptomatic to hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver failure and cancer. This study is aimed at understanding the clinical profile of viral hepatitis in children.Methods: Prospectively, 48 children admitted in paediatric unit with confirmed viral hepatitis from August 2015 to July 2016 at KIMS hospital, Bangalore were included. In each case, age, sex, clinical presentation and laboratory investigations were collected and analysed.Results: Out of 48 patients, 26 were girls and 22 were boys. Out of which 40 cases were positive for IgM Hepatitis A, 1 case of HbsAg positive, 7 cases were non-A non B Hepatitis. All cases presented with fever (100%), jaundice found in 40 cases (83.3%), 33 cases had abdominal pain (68.7%), vomiting was present in 40 cases (83.7%), 34 cases presented with dark colored urine (70.8%), altered sensorium in 3 cases (6.2%). Icterus was found in 48 (100%) cases, pallor was found in 17 cases (35.4%), Ascitis in 8 cases (16.7%), hepatomegaly in 37 cases (76%), oedema in 10 cases (21%). Liver enzymes elevated at admission in almost all cases, 16 cases had SGPT b/w 200-500. 10 cases had SGPT b/w 500-1000, 19 cases had SGPT b/w 1000-3000 and 2 cases had SGPT of more than 3000. 18 cases had total bilirubin between 5-10 mg/dl, 6 cases had total bilirubin >10 mg/dl. 44 cases had PT <1.5 at admission, 1 case had PT INR between 1.5-2.5, 1 case had INR between 2.5-3.5, 2 cases had INR>3.5. Out of 48 cases 2 cases died. Out of 2 deaths, 1 case of hepatitis A and 1 case positive for Hepatitis B. The cause of death was hepatic encephalopathy in both the cases.Conclusions: Majority of cases in children were hepatitis A cases, followed by non-A non B. Most of the cases were aged above 3 years with slight girl’s predominance. Those cases with elevated liver enzymes (SGOT >3000) and those with PT INR >3 at admission has higher mortality.
Evaluation of screening of neonatal sepsis
Authors: R. Kartik , Manjunath Sahana , Doddabasappa Prathiba , J. Malavika
Published: February 2018

Background: Neonatal sepsis is an important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis of sepsis is difficult due to its non- specific clinical presentation. The gold standard for diagnosis is blood culture, which is obtained in only 25%-40% of cases and requires 48-72 hours. There is a need for a sepsis screen for early diagnosis of septicemia and identification of culture negative cases. The objective of the study was to study the role of sepsis for early diagnosis of septicaemia and identification of culture negative cases and to compare the rapid diagnostic tests with blood culture singly and in combinations for specificity and sensitivity.Methods: 60 cases of suspected septicemia were studied. Total leucocyte count, bandforms peripheral smear examination, C-reactive protein assay, micro-ESR, and blood culture study was investigated. Results: Study revealed that CRP had maximum sensitivity while band neutrophil ratio had balanced sensitivity and specificity. In the two tests, CRP with PS/BF had balanced sensitivity and specificity. In the three tests combination, CRP with TC with micro-ESR had balanced sensitivity and specificity in proven sepsis, While CRP with BF with micro-ESR had balanced sensitivity and specificity in most probable sepsis cases.Conclusions: Neonatal sepsis has vague signs and symptoms, so high index of suspicion helps in arriving early diagnosis and management. CRP had maximum sensitivity in the individual tests. Using either two tests (CRP + PS/BF) or three tests (CRP + Micro ESR + BF/TC) most of the sepsis cases could be identified and sepsis negative cases can be ruled out. Sepsis screen is helpful in avoiding overuse of antibiotics.
Infant and young child feeding guidelines: awareness amongst mothers and practices followed
Authors: Dubewar Shraddha , Ahmed Sarfaraz , Tambe Saleem H. , Chavan Arvind
Published: February 2018

Background: Globally if the exclusive breast feeding is adopted there is up to 15% reduction in the mortality of under five children. At the same time proper “complementary feeding practices” leads to up to 10% more decrease in the mortality rates. The objective of this study was to study the infant and young child feeding practices among mothersMethods: This was an observational study, conducted at Aditya Hospital, Hyderabad in the period duration of 2012-2013. All children upto 24 months of life and their mothers were included in the study.Results: Most common reasons given by the mothers were pain in the stitches and discomfort and anesthesia effect due to lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) (70%). it was found that there was no significant correlation between education status of mother and time of initiation of breast feeding (P=0.6). it was found that there was no statistical significance between giving of pre-lacteals according to educational status of mothers. Almost 60% (n=64) of the mothers were appropriate in starting complementary foods at the age of 6 months. Conclusions: Women need to be educated separately with knowledge regarding of appropriate feeding practices so that both mothers and babies benefit from it; leading further to a healthy nation.
Senior Loken syndrome with Atypical Retinitis Pigmentosa: a rare manifestation of rare disease
Authors: S. Madhura , . Sowrabha , . Manjunath , M. R. Savitha
Published: February 2018

Senior Loken syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by combination of nephronophthisis and retinal degeneration. The earliest presenting features include polyuria and polydipsia secondary to impaired urinary concentrating ability. Nephronophthisis progresses to end stage kidney disease (ESKD) during second decade. The treatment of choice for ESKD due to nephronophthisis is renal transplantation. Retinal lesions are variable ranging from severe infantile onset retinal dystrophy to more typical retinitis pigmentosa. There is a spectrum of other features associated with this condition including skeletal, dermatological and cerebellar anomalies. Till date very few cases have been reported due to lack of awareness of this rare condition. Here, we report a case of Senior loken syndrome with atypical retinitis pigmentosa in a 14-year-old boy.
Hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy type V: a rare case report
Authors: S. Madhura , . Sowrabha , . Manjunath , M. R. Savitha
Published: February 2018

Hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) type V is a rare autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation in neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 gene located on chromosome 1 (1q21-1q22). It is characterized by pain insensitivity, partial anhydrosis without mental retardation and unimpaired touch and pressure sensitivity. Self-mutilation injury involving teeth, lips, tongue, ears, eyes, nose and fingers are invariable feature of this disorder. This rare disorder can be extremely challenging for the physicians as the symptoms like pain, tenderness is absent and hence most of the symptoms and injuries are frequently missed. Here we report a case of 1-year old female child with HSAN type V, having the typical clinical manifestations of pain insensitivity causing self-mutilation. Apart from the classical manifestations of HSAN type V, our case also had bilateral corneal opacity.
Prevalence and determinants of chronic suppurative otitis media in school going children in Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh)
Authors: Singhal Aditya , Agrawal Pooja , Agrawal Vijender Kumar
Published: February 2018

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one of the most common ear diseases in the South East Asia having a prevalence of approximately 5.2% in the general population. The objective of the study was to find the prevalence of CSOM in school going children in urban field practice area of tertiary care hospital in Bareilly (UP).

Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 495 schools going children in Bareilly district of Uttar Pradesh.  

Results: The prevalence of CSOM was found to be 6.46%, with tubotympanic type constituting majority 81.25% trailed by atticoantral type 18.75%. Most patients presented with moderate hearing impairment (43.75%) and mild hearing impairment (31.25%). With respect to socioeconomic groups, upper lower, groups had 40.63%, and lower group had 34.37% prevalence.

Conclusions: Improvement of health care facilities and awareness among health-care providers would definitely be helpful in reducing the prevalence of ear diseases in the developing countries like India.
Our experience of 30 cases of mucormycosis of nose and paranasal sinuses
Authors: Kirdak Vilas R. , Chintale Sambhaji G. , Shaikh Sajit , Shaikh Kaleem , Jatale Sonali
Published: February 2018

Background: Mucormycosis is life threatening fungal infection that occurs in immunocompromised patient. These infections are becoming increasingly common in yet survival remains very poor a great understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease may lead to future therapies.

Methods: In present study we have made an attempt to evaluate a standard method of management of mucormycosis of nose and para nasal sinuses. Total 30 cases of mucormycosis of nose and Para nasal sinuses were studied JIIUS IIMSR Warudi, Badnapur, Jalna a tertiary center from June 2014 to June 2017 thoroughly on the basis of clinical behavior, histopathological report and radiological investigation, we have tried to formulate a standard method of treatment in the form of medical and surgical debridement or combination in order to achieve the best possible results.  

Results: In this study male patient were 18 (50%) cases and female were 12 (40%). Most common predisposing factor was diabetes mellitus in 24 (80%) cases and other factors were tuberculosis 4 (13.33) and chronic renal failure 5 (16.66).Most commonly presented age group was 4th decade to 5th decade 11 (36.66) and 8 (26.66%) respectively. Most common symptom was nasal obstruction and sign was maxillary swelling 21 (70%). Most common radiological finding was cloudiness of sinuses 27 (90%) least common finding was intracranial extension 6 (20%). Most common used treatment modalities was amphotericin B24 (80%) and least used was surgical debridement by FESS 16 (53%).

Conclusions: In the management of mucormycosis and its different pathological forms and most aggressive form like rhino cerebral mucormycosis prompt diagnosis based on clinical examination, reversal of predisposing condition and aggressive surgical debridement along with medical treatment remain corner stone of the therapy for this deadly disease. 
Brainstem auditory responses in type-2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Suresh Siddharth , Ramlan Sharwak , Somayaji Gangadhara , Sequeira Nimalka
Published: February 2018

Background: Diabetes mellitus causes pathophysiological changes at multiple organs. Brainstem Evoked Response Auditory (BERA) represents a non-invasive tool to detect diabetes related sensorineural hearing loss. The aim was to assess diabetes related central auditory pathway involvement using BERA.

Methods: The study comprises two groups, (i) Diabetic group (n=15), (ii) Control group (n=15). The controls were matched for age and sex with the study group. BERA was done for all these patients after detailed clinical examination and relevant blood investigations.  

Results: There was significant latency differences found in wave III, V and interpeak latencies I-III, III-V and I-V between control and study groups at 70 dBnHL and 80 dBnHL. At 90 dBnHL the diabetic group demonstrated significant latency differences in waves I, III and V and interpeak I-III, III-V and I-V compared to controls. The duration of DM was 5-10 years in 8 patients (53.3%) out of which 7 subjects (87.5%) had prolonged BERA. 7 patients (46.6%) were diabetic for more than 10 years of which all patients (100%) had prolonged latencies.

Conclusions: The wave I latency was found non significant which suggests that the pathway from 8th nerve to cochlear nucleus is not affected in diabetic patients. The delay in latencies III and V and interpeak latencies I-III, III-V and I-V in diabetic patients compared to the controls suggests brainstem and midbrain involvement. So the study suggests that BERA helps in early detection of central neuronal axis involvement in type-2 diabetes mellitus. 
Bilateral cervical accessory tragus: a rare pediatric neck mas
Authors: Ertugrul Suha , Ertugrul Goksen
Published: February 2018

An accessory tragus is a small elevation of skin that contains a bar of elastic cartilage and is usually found along an imaginary line drawn from the tragus to the angle of the mouth or, uncommonly, along the anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These malformations are present at birth. It is usually located unilaterally in the preauricular region. Accessory tragi may occur along the migratory line, as the auricle ascends from the neck area and their origin is the mandibular branchial arch. Other auricular abnormalities are not usually associated with accessory tragus, since the majority of the external ear evolves from the second branchial arch. To the best of our knowledge this is the first accessory tragus case that seen on the lateral cervical region bilaterally.
Classical presentation of Ackerman’s tumour of tongue: a case report
Authors: D. Ravi , Prasad M. Hanumanth , Gudikote Madhuri M. , N. K. Balaji , T. R. Sowmya
Published: February 2018

Ackerman’s tumour also called verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a controversial manifestation of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It manifests as proliferative cauliflower like growth which is characteristic. Histologically it has a deceptively benign microscopic appearance. Hence it requires expertize for diagnosis. Although VC is illustrated as a benign lesion with minimum aggressive potential, over a period of time it can evolve into SCC. We report here a case of verrucous carcinoma of tongue in a young male with a history of tobacco chewing. 
Gradinego’s syndrome: atypical presentation
Authors: C. V. Sumana , Hasan Suhel
Published: February 2018

Gradenigo’s syndrome was first described by Giuseppe Gradenigo in 1907 when he reported a triad of symptoms consisting of unilateral periorbital pain related to trigeminal nerve involvement, diplopia due to sixth cranial nerve palsy and persistent otorrhoea, associated with otitis media with petrositis. The classical syndrome related to otitis media has become very rare after the antibiotic era. Incomplete and atypical clinical features of Gradenigo’s syndrome have been described and non infectious causes may mimic this condition. We report a case of acute petrositis in a 19 year old boy with unilateral periorbital pain, diplopia (lateral rectus palsy) in the absence of ear discharge. Careful clinical history, physical examination, including neuroimaging, is necessary to make a differential diagnosis. Appropriate management requires antibiotic treatment and possible surgical intervention.
Efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy in open tibial fractures: a prospective study
Authors: Shihora Umang , Modi Bimal
Published: February 2018

Background: Open fracture of tibia is a surgical crisis. This study aims to discover out the efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy in these fractures.

Methods: Present study was performed at department of orthopedics, Gujarat Adani institute of medical science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat. 35 patients with type III open Tibia fractures, managed with wound debridement and external fixation were divided in two groups of 17 and 18 as Group A and Group B.

Results: The incidence of wound infection was fewer and wound coverage was enhanced in Group A (p≤0.05) when compared to Group B. Wound healed before and hospital reside was not as much of in Group A (p>0.05).

Conclusions: Early on management with debridement after VAC (vacuum assisted closure) therapy has abridged wound infection rate and instance for soft tissue coverage in patients with open fracture tibia.
Functional outcome of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus treated by Ponseti method: a midterm study
Authors: P. Madhuchandra , K. P. Raju , K. M. Pawankumar , I. S. Shrinidhi
Published: February 2018

Background: Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus is a characterized by deformities with lot of ambiguity regarding the forces maintaining the deformity and preventing its correction. The aim of our midterm study is to analyze the functional outcome of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus using Ponseti’s technique in Indian children presenting to us within the first three months of life without any prior treatment.

Methods: 87 patients with 132 feet were treated for correction of idiopathic congenital talipes equino varus using the Ponseti technique from September 2009 to January 2013 at our Institute. These patients were followed up in a prospective manner for a period ranging from twelve months to fifty seven months (mean period of follow up was thirty two months). Children were evaluated before casting and at the end of casting, then at monthly intervals for another two months. Further follow up was done every six weeks till three years of age and then at six monthly intervals.

Results: Our overall good to fair result was seen in 87.6% of cases. Rest of them had poor functional outcome. Long term follow up of all patients till skeletal maturity is required to know the final outcome of our treatment.

Conclusions: Severity of the deformity and the compliance of the parents and infants with orthotic devices for maintenance of the correction were the factors which ultimately determine the final outcome.
Prospective study of fracture calcaneus with Allan’s procedure- bone grafting without implants
Authors: Phadke Vishwas S. , Khandekar Anil , Naik Nagesh
Published: February 2018

Background: Calcaneum is usually fractured following high energy axial traumas such is seen in cases of fall from height or road traffic accidents. If not properly managed these fractures can be a cause of prolonged morbidity in the form of pain, stiffness and deformities. We have conducted this prospective study of fracture calcaneum with the method described by Allan et al which constitute of open reduction and bone grafting without any implants. The objective of the was to determine the clinical approach, described by Allan et al for treatment of fracture calcaneum and to discuss in short the results, pitfalls and challenges associated with this.

Methods: A prospective study was done on 42 patients who were diagnosed with intra-articular calcaneal fractures depending upon a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All fractures of the study subjects were treated using a lateral approach by Allan’s procedure. Final outcome was assessed on the basis modified Rowe score.

Results: In this study a total of 42 patients with intra-articular calcaneal fractures and treated by open reduction and bone grafting without any implants were studied. There were 36 men and 6 women. Majority of the patients tolerated the procedure well and most of the patients (95.23%) had a complete or partial restoration of heel shape. Significant residual pain was seen in only 1 (2.38 %) patient. 36 patients (85.71 %) had excellent outcome 5 patients (11.90%) had good and 1 patient (2.38%) had satisfactory outcome.

Conclusions: The management of intra-articular calcaneal fracture by open reduction and bone grafting without any implants give good results with excellent functional outcome. Since no implants are used in this technique this can be a preferable procedure in rural areas and in patients with low socioeconomic status.

 
Functional Capacity and Quality of Life in Old Aquatic Exercising Practicers
Authors: De Campos Amanda Rafaella Araújo , Inumaru Suely Maria Satoko Moriya , De Morais Elizabeth Rodrigues , Fantinati Marcelo Silva , Fantinati Adriana Márcia Monteiro
Published: February 2018

As chronological age increases, people become less active, thus reducing their functional abilities (CF). For the elderly, CF represents a potential decision and action in their lives, since the lack of autonomy and independence generates a great vulnerability of this individual compromising well-being and quality of life (QoL). The objective of this study was to evaluate the aquatic exercise program in the quality of life and functional capacity of the elderly of UNATI PUC-GO. This study is characterized by being almost experimental longitudinal and quantitative, in which the initial population was composed of 30 elderly women, finishing 16 within the inclusion criteria. The QOL assessment was performed using the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire and the six-minute walk test (6MWT) was used to assess functional capacity (FC). Data collection was performed at the Life School Clinic of PUC - GO for a period of three months. Pre- and post-intervention comparisons were performed by the paired T-test. Statistic performed in SPSS version 20.0 adopting significance with value of p≤0.05 and the normality of the data was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. A significant statistical difference was found in the comparison between pre and post TC6 '(p
Americanization of Non-American Storiesin Disney Films
Authors: Setiawati Beta
Published: February 2018

The study is intended to know the Disney’s animation films characteristics which are adapted from non American stories that contain Americanization in order to be American popular culture products. This qualitative and library research is carried out within the field of American Studies. Disney’s animated films which are regarded as artifacts in order to identify American society and culture is used as her primary data. She then compares those Disney films with the original stories to discover the changes in making those stories become American popular products. She furthermore uses the sources such as books, magazines, journals, articles, and also internet data for her secondary data. The result of this study shows that most of folk narratives which were used in Disney films were adapted from other countries’ stories. However, Disney intentionally adapts foreign countries’ stories in its animated films by using Disney formula to blow up the sale of its products. Since Disney is one of the most powerful media conglomerates in the world, it works endlessly to set out world entertainment. Disney formula in its animated films which has dominated those adapted films are only intended to obtain as much profit as possible without paying attention to the values in children entertainment.Keywords: Americanization; Non American Stories; Animation; Popular culture; Formula
The Influence of Teaching Vocabulary by Using Picture
Authors: Nuzulimah Hanik
Published: February 2018

This paper attempts to explore whether there is significant difference of achievement in vocabulary between students taught by using pictures and those are not. The subject of this study is the first year students of SLTP Muhammadiyah Simo Susukan, Semarang where the sample contains 50 students that is divided into experimental group (with treatment) and control group (without treatment). The data is gathered from participants’ score obtained from pre test and post test. Using t test as technique of data analysis, result shows that students taught by using pictures perform better than those are not. It means that there is significant difference between the two groups. Keywords: Vocabulary Teaching; Picture
A Descriptive Study on the Use of Colloquial Style in English Songs
Authors: Sri Wahyuni Endriana
Published: February 2018

This research is to point out the colloquial styles and the meanings used in English songs. The writer took the data from the text of five cassettes consisting of twenty two English songs. The technique used was the purposive random sampling. The writer presented the data taken from the sample then used a qualitative analysis. The table shows a list of sentences from the sample songs (20 samples from 70 samples) having non Standard English. The findings of this study showed that the characteristics of colloquial style are used in English songs are structural aspect, denotative meanings and connotative meanings.Keywords: Colloquial styles; English songs; structural aspect; denotative meanings and connotative meanings.
Teacher Professionalism on the Developing Children Creativier Professionalism on the Developing Children Creativity (Sociology of Education Perspective)Professionalism on the Developing Children Creativity (Sociology of Education Perspective)
Authors: Muslimah Ummi Nurul
Published: February 2018

This research is to study the concept of teachers’ professionalism and children creativity also the relation in sociology of educational perspective. This is a library research with a descriptive method. The writer collected the data from the writing sources published about some problems of teacher’s professionalism on the developing children creativity. Then, analyzing the thinking of every ideology and philosophy described clearly and completely, so the similarity and differences can be treated clearly by using the description of teacher professionalism on developing children creativity. The findings of this study showed that the relation between teacher professionalism and developing children creativity in sociology of education is every educator have an important role in children education, although in teaching learning process or in out class, educators have always supported and challenged abilities of the gift, talent and creativity. The reason is because the children are more often spend much time with teacher, so the teacher more to know and more responsible to their children.Keywords:Teachers’ Professionalism;  Children Creativity; Sociology of Educational Perspective
The Symbols Used in Internet Chatting: A Semiotic Analysis
Authors: Mulyani Sri
Published: February 2018

The aims of this research is to describe the kind of symbols used on internet chatting. Besides elaborating the relation between the symbol and the signee. And the last one of study is to describe the meaning of the symbols used in internet chatting. Since the research explores the symbols used in the internet chatting, qualitative approach is deemed to be the precise research design. The data obtained are described comprehensively by classifying the symbols, analyzing the representation of the symbols based on semiotic approach, and interpreting the meaning of symbols based on the context of the internet chatting text. The findings show that the symbols consists of number, letter, combination of number and letter, and the emoticons or smiley. The sample of the number, consist of ‘2’ and ‘4’. For the letter consist of ‘R’, ‘U’, ‘b’, ‘Ur’, ‘ASL’, ‘btw’, and so on. For emoticons consist of ‘:-)’, ‘:-(‘, ‘:-P’, ‘:-D’, ‘:-C’, ‘;-)’, ‘:- ))’, ‘:~’, ‘|-)’, ‘(-_-)’, ‘^_^’, ‘:-|’, and ‘8-O’. Those symbols have different meaning or references with different interpreters because they can be interpreted in denotative level as signifier or in connotative level as signified.Keywords: symbols; internet; chatting; semiology
A Descriptive Study of Registers Found in Spoken and Written Communication (A Semantic Analysis)
Authors: Hidayah Nurul
Published: February 2018

This research is descriptive study of registers found in spoken and written communication. The type of this research is Descriptive Qualitative Research. In this research, the data of the study is register in spoken and written communication that are found in a book entitled "Communicating! Theory and Practice" and from internet. The data can be in the forms of words, phrases and abbreviation. In relation with method of collection data, the writer uses the library method as her instrument. The writer relates it to the study of register in spoken and written communication. The technique of analyzing the data using descriptive method. The types of register in this term will be separated into formal register and informal register, and identify the meaning of register.Keywords: Register; Spoken and Written Communication;  Jargon; Slang; Motherese
Women in Achebe’s Novel “Things Fall Apart”
Authors: Rahayu Mundi
Published: February 2018

This paper explores the image of women in Chinua Achebe novel’s Things Fall Apart. As the prominent postcolonial writer, Achebe has a vivid expression describing the social cultural values of the Ibo community in Nigeria, Africa. Analysis of the novel is done through the perspective of postcolonial feminism. Postcolonial feminism finds the relation and intersection between Postcolonialism and feminism. This interplay is interesting to observe. The findings show that in traditional patriarchal culture as in the novel, women are portrayed happy, harmonious members of the community, even when they are repeatedly beaten and barren from any say in the communal decision-making process and constantly reviled in sayings and proverbs. However some other interesting findings are that the women also have big role in the belief system of the community, and in Achebe’s novel he made it an amusement, for example by punishing Okonkwo because of his beating to his wife in the sacred time. Keywords: Postcolonial Feminism;  Traditional Patriarchal Culture;  Community
“There should be a room for self-initiated activity” A narrative inquiry on my teaching practices
Authors: Triyoko Hanung
Published: February 2018

This paper is my endeavour to shorten the gap between the realities in my own teaching practices and those practices presented in books and research reports as effective English teaching. In this paper, through narrative inquiry method of writing, I will refer to my experiences to show my way of knowing as well as my way of writing the specific contexts of my teaching of English. Here and then, I may show my subjectivity upon certain issues in the English teaching-learning process but I do this to enable myself go deeper to my personal values. Nonetheless, for the betterment of my classroom practices specifically and the teaching of English for Islamic studies in Indonesia, in general, my inquiry on my own professional practices and the insights on how I should see and make some changes in my teaching as specified by the AAA perspective discussed in details will become a very good start.keywords; Self-Initiated Activity;  Narrative Inquiry; AAA Perspective
Interference: Its Role in the Target Language Mastery to Indonesian Learners
Authors: Arifin Win Listyaningrum
Published: February 2018

In terference form one language to target language is something that cannot be denied. This paper discusses about the notion of interference, interference and second or foreign language learning, interference and communication, interference and Indonesian learners and its process. In the interference, there are negative transfer that which leads to an error or inappropriate form in the target language and positive transfer that makes the learning easier. Furthermore, during the language communication, native language can influence target language and the like. Thus, interference in communication can be: (1) influence of language contact experienced by bilingual or multilingual person; (2) language infiltration that influence the system to both target and native language, causing negative effect; (3) personal utterances in a narrow space as a parole effect (speech). In addition, interference to Indonesian learners can be in the area of phonology, morphology, sentence, and semantics.Keywords;Interference;  Second or Foreign Language Learning; Indonesian Learner
THE USE OF EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS IN HANNAH MONTANA SESSION 1
Authors: Vita Handayani Nur
Published: February 2018

This study aims to describe kinds and forms of expressive speech act in Hannah Montana Session 1. It belongs to descriptive qualitative method. The research object was expressive speech act. The data source was utterances which contain expressive speech acts in the film Hannah Montana Session 1. The researcher used observation method and noting technique in collecting the data. In analyzing the data, descriptive qualitative method was used. The research findings show that there are ten kinds of expressive speech act found in Hannah Montana Session 1, namely expressing apology, expressing thanks, expressing sympathy, expressing attitudes, expressing greeting, expressing wishes, expressing joy, expressing pain, expressing likes, and expressing dislikes. The forms of expressive speech act are direct literal expressive speech act, direct non-literal expressive speech act, indirect literal expressive speech act, and indirect non-literal expressive speech act.
The Influence of National Culture on Educational Videos: The Case of MOOCs
Authors: Bayeck Rebecca Yvonne , Choi Jinhee
Published: February 2018

This paper discusses the influence of cultural dimensions on Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) introductory videos. The study examined the introductory videos produced by three universities on Coursera platforms using communication theory and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. The results show that introductory videos in MOOCs are influenced by the national culture of the country in which the university is based. Based on this finding, this paper raises interesting questions about the effect of these cultural elements on potential learners from different countries and cultures around the world. The paper also makes suggestions about introductory video production in MOOCs.
Utilizing a Lightweight PKI Mechanism to Guarantee a Secure Service in a Cloud Environment
Authors: Park Sangho , Kim HyunJin , Park Jaehyung , Ryou JaeCheol
Published: February 2018

Recently, cloud technology has become popular for smart societies. The Cloud technology has made dynamical network changes by enabling the construction of a logical network without building a physical network. Despite recent research on the cloud, it is necessary to study security functions for the identification of fake VNFs and the encryption of communication between entities. In this paper, we proposed an LW_PKI mechanism that detects a fake VNF and guarantees data security through mutual authentication between VNFs. To evaluate the LW_PKI, we built a MANO environment to test the performance of authentication and key generation for data security. In addition, we applied the artificial intelligence algorithm to detect abnormal behavior by using real attack data in the MANO environment. The LW_PKI guaranteed the reliability of a smart service by enhancing the security of the cloud environment.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LEARNING CYCLE 4E DAN POEW DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR LOGIS TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Widhiastuti Lutfi Nur , Mulyani Sri , Haryono Haryono
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh model pembelajaran Learning Cycle 4E (Exploration, Explaination, Elaboration, Evaluation) dan Predict, Observe, Explain, Writing (POEW) terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada materi hidrolisis garam, (2) pengaruh kemampuan berpikir logis terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada materi hidrolisis garam, (3) Interaksi antara model pembelajaran Learning Cycle 4E dan POEW dengan kemampuan berpikir logis terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada materi hidrolisis garam. Sample penelitian ini adalah  siswa kelas XI MIPA 2 dan XI MIPA 4 SMAN 3 Surakarta  tahun ajaran 2016/2017 yang diambil dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Pada kelas XI MIPA 2 dikenai model Learning Cycle 4E dan XI MIPA 4 dikenai model POEW.  Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan uji Anava Dua Jalan untuk data yang terdistrubusii normal dan uji statistik Kruskal Wallis untuk data yang tidak terdistrubusi normal. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan: (1) terdapat pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran terhadap prestasi belajar aspek pengetahuan dan keterampilan, dimana model Learning Cycle 4E lebih efektif digunakan daripada POEW, (2) tidak ada pengaruh kemampuan berpikir logis terhadap prestasi belajar siswa ranah pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan, (3) tidak terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan kemampuan berpikir logis terhadap prestasi belajar aspek pengetahuan, sikap, dan ketrampilan

                                                                                    

Kata Kunci : Learning Cycle 4E, POEW, kemampuan berpikir logis, hidrolisis garam