bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internationales Privatrecht de lege lata wie de lege ferenda und Menschenrechtsverantwortlichkeit deutscher Unternehmen
Authors: Mansel Heinz-Peter
Published: June 2018

Die haftungsrechtlichen Folgen der „Menschenrechtsverantwortung“ global agierender Unternehmen erfahren auf nationaler wie internationaler Ebene größere Aufmerksamkeit. Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller politischer Initiativen und der Einführung einer entsprechenden französischen Haftungsnorm im Code de Commerce geht der Beitrag der Frage nach, welchem Recht die Haftung einer deutschen Konzernobergesellschaft bei schwerwiegenden Delikten unterliegt, die von einer Konzernuntergesellschaft im Ausland begangen wurden. Auf die Durchgriffshaftung einer deutschen Konzernobergesellschaft ist das Gesellschaftsstatut der abhängigen Konzernuntergesellschaft anzuwenden, mithin ausländisches Recht. Das europäische internationale Deliktsrecht führt auch nicht zum deutschen Sachrecht. Versuche der Korrektur dieses Ergebnisses scheitern regelmäßig, wenn auch nicht ausnahmslos, an den in diesen Fällen mit der Bestimmung des Handlungsorts verbundenen Problemen. Menschenrechtliche Eingriffsnormen nach französischem Vorbild könnten allein de lege ferenda geschaffen werden. Auf der Ebene des berufenen materiellen Rechts kann bei der Konkretisierung der in bestimmten Verkehrskreisen erforderlichen Sorgfalt auf die 2011 verabschiedeten UN-Leitprinzipien für Wirtschaft und Menschenrechte (sog. Ruggie-Principles) im Verein mit einschlägigen CSR-Empfehlungen, Verbands- und Branchenkodizes sowie Selbstverpflichtungen von Unternehmen in ihren codes of conduct etc. zurückzugreifen sein, soweit das anwendbare Recht einen entsprechenden Auslegungsspielraum eröffnet. Dadurch kann mittelfristig ein Unternehmensstandard grenzüberschreitender menschenrechtlicher Sorgfaltspflichten entstehen.
On predicted R factors for dynamic structure crystallography
Authors: Henn Julian
Published: June 2018

For the evaluation of data sets from dynamic structure crystallography, it may be helpful to predict expected

R
=

I

O
N

I

O
F
F

$R = {{{I_{ON}}} \over {{I_{OFF}}}}$

-based agreement factors from the observed intensities and their corresponding standard uncertainties with laser ON and with laser OFF. The predicted R factors serve three purposes: (i) they indicate, which data sets are suitable and promising for further evaluation, (ii) they give a reference R value for the case of absence of systematic errors in the data and (iii) they can be compared to the corresponding predicted F
2-based R factors. For point (ii) it is inevitable, that the standard uncertainties from the experiment are adequate, i.e. they should adequately describe the noise in the observed intensities and must not be systematically over- or under estimated for a part of the data or the whole data set. It may be this requirement, which is currently the largest obstacle for further progress in the field of dynamic structure crystallography.
The Differential Spectroscopic Investigation of Partitioning of Reactive Dyes in Micellar Media of Cationic Surfactant, Cetyl Trimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB)
Authors: Rashid Sadaf , Usman Muhammad , Shahzad Tanvir , Saeed Muhammad , Haq Atta Ul , Ibrahim Muhammad , Siddiq Muhammad , Iram Misbah
Published: June 2018

This manuscript reports the solubilization of two reactive dyes viz. reactive black-5 (RB-5) and reactive black-8 (RB-8) in the micellar media of cationic surfactant, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) by differential UV/visible spectroscopy. Absorption spectra of said dyes in the presence of CTAB provide strong evidence about dye–surfactant interaction. In premicellar region ion association pair is formed between dye and surfactant while in post micellar region dye molecules get accommodated within the micelles. The values of critical micelle concentration (CMC) of CTAB in the presence of dyes, partition coefficient; Kx
, free energy of partition, ∆Gp
, binding constant, Kb
and free energy of binding, ∆Gb
were determined and compared for both dyes. It is, thus, concluded that RB-5 is solubilized to greater extent than RB-8 because of its incorporation in palisade layer of micelle close to micelle-water interface.
¿Tienen significado los nombres propios?
Authors: Bahr Christian , Hernández Arocha Héctor
Published: June 2018

This paper discusses the major linguistic theories concerned with the distinction between proper and common names. At the same time, it aims to show that a border line between both categories cannot be drawn without answering the question about the capacity of proper names to express denotative meaning. There seems to be little agreement in this respect since the classical points of view linked to Mill and Jespersen, which is why linguists and philosophers still lack a common understanding on this point. In order to clarify the origin of this debate, it will be approached from different perspectives and fields of linguistics, including an analysis of Eugenio Coseriu’s position revealed in a manuscript on this topic made available by the Eugenio-Coseriu-Foundation (www.coseriu.org) and which has remained unpublished until nowadays.
Competencia entre palatalización y nasalización en las secuencias ‑ngul‑ en castellano
Authors: Gutiérrez César
Published: June 2018

The Latin sequences ‑ngul‑ in words such as cingulum, ungulam or singulos have evolved into two possible outcomes in Spanish: a palatal sonorant ([ɲ] or [ʎ]), or [nd]. The purpose of this paper is to provide a phonetically-based explanation to account for the sound changes that led to these outcomes in Old Spanish, as well as in other Ibero-Romance languages. In this regard, it will be shown that palatalization and nasalization were competing processes in the development of the sequences ‑ngul‑, as well as in the other structurally comparable sequences ‑ndul‑ and ‑mbul‑.
Effect of Impact Energy in ESSO Test (Part 3: Experimental Validation for New Validity Criteria of Impact Condition Giving Constant Evaluation in ESSO Test)
Authors: Kaneko Masahito , Kawabata Tomoya , Aihara Shuji
Published: June 2018

In our second report, whether the impact had an important effect on the results or not depended on the critical condition that was proposed by calculating the ratio of the values of Kd both for where impact was considered and where it was not considered. This proposal was shown as a look-up figure where “effect” or “no effect” conditions were shown as regions illustrated on a graph, revealing the relationship between nondimensional impact energy and arrested crack length. In order to validate the criteria included in this proposal, some experiments under high impact energy conditions were carried out by using a steel plate with a known value of brittle crack arrest toughness under ordinary conditions. The experiments were conducted near the critical boundary that divides the area of “affect” and that of “not affect” on the evaluation. It was found that the experimentally evaluated plots closely followed the relationship of existing properties under low impact energy conditions of the same material on the Arrhenius plot. Hence, the proposed validity criteria can be interpreted as being made on the safe side. In addition, if the impact energy is larger than the specified condition, it may have an important effect on the test results. In this case, the results have to be treated as reference data in spite of being an expensive test. However, these criteria can only be determined after actual testing because the criteria include arrested crack length. Therefore, the authors also tried to make a simple recommendation for obtaining valid data that can be investigated before ESSO tests and without the effect of impact.
Comparative Study of RC Members with Strengthening Using Strain Hardening Cementitious Composite and Fiber Reinforced Mortar
Authors: Zhang Yongxing , Liu Cheng , Lu Weihua , Xie Haibo , Peng Hui
Published: June 2018

Strain hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) and fiber reinforced mortar (FRM) are considered as suitable for strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) structures, both of which belong to fiber reinforced cementitious composite (FRCC), whereas the distinctive strengthening effects of RC structure using SHCC and FRM have not been sufficiently understood until now. In this study, the comparative study of RC members with flexural strengthening using SHCC and FRM is implemented, focusing on the load carrying capacity and ductility improvement of the strengthened RC member. The result demonstrates that the load carrying capacity of the RC member, even strengthened with a plain SHCC layer, can be improved from that of the RC member with strengthening using a steel-reinforced FRM layer, and the ductility of the RC member with strengthening using a steel-reinforced SHCC layer is significantly improved from that of the RC member with strengthening using plain SHCC layer, because the multiple fine cracks in the SHCC layer are obviously increased even with a low-reinforcement-ratio steel bar adopted in the SHCC layer.
Cotton Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA2)Genes Promote Root Growth and Confer Drought Stress Tolerance in TransgenicArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Magwanga Richard Odongo , Lu Pu , Kirungu Joy Nyangasi , Dong Qi , Hu Yangguang , Zhou Zhongli , Cai Xiaoyan , Wang Xingxing , Hou Yuqing , Wang Kunbo , Liu Fang
Published: June 2018

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins play key roles in plant drought tolerance. In this study, 157, 85 and 89 candidate LEA2 proteins were identified in G. hirsutum, G. arboreum and G. raimondii respectively. LEA2 genes were classified into 6 groups, designated as group 1 to 6. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed orthologous gene pairs within the cotton genome. The cotton specific LEA2 motifs identified were E, R and D in addition to Y, K and S motifs. The genes were distributed on all chromosomes. LEA2s were found to be highly enriched in non-polar, aliphatic amino acid residues, with leucine being the highest, 9.1% in proportion. The miRNA, ghr-miR827a/b/c/d and ghr-miR164 targeted many genes are known to be drought stress responsive. Various stress-responsive regulatory elements, ABA-responsive element (ABRE), Drought-responsive Element (DRE/CRT), MYBS and low-temperature-responsive element (LTRE) were detected. Most genes were highly expressed in leaves and roots, being the primary organs greatly affected by water deficit. The expression levels were much higher in G. tomentosum as opposed to G. hirsutum. The tolerant genotype had higher capacity to induce more of LEA2 genes. Over expression of the transformed gene Cot_AD24498 showed that the LEA2 genes are involved in promoting root growth and in turn confers drought stress tolerance. We therefore infer that Cot_AD24498, CotAD_20020, CotAD_21924 and CotAD_59405 could be the candidate genes with profound functions under drought stress in upland cotton among the LEA2 genes. The transformed Arabidopsis plants showed higher tolerance levels to drought stress compared to the wild types. There was significant increase in antioxidants, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) accumulation, increased root length and significant reduction in oxidants, Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the leaves of transformed lines under drought stress condition. This study provides comprehensive analysis of LEA2 proteins in cotton thus forms primary foundation for breeders to utilize these genes in developing drought tolerant genotypes.
A Crucial Caste Regulation Gene Detected by Comparing Termites and Sister Group Cockroaches
Authors: Masuoka Yudai , Toga Kouhei , Nalepa Christine A , Maekawa Kiyoto
Published: June 2018

Acquisition of a sterile caste is a key step in insect eusocial evolution; however, the molecular mechanisms associated with sterile caste development are unclear. To help resolve the issue, Masuoka et al. focused on soldiers—the first acquired....

Sterile castes are a defining criterion of eusociality; investigating their evolutionary origins can critically advance theory. In termites, the soldier caste is regarded as the first acquired permanently sterile caste. Previous studies showed that juvenile hormone (JH) is the primary factor inducing soldier differentiation, and treatment of workers with artificial JH can generate presoldier differentiation. It follows that a shift from a typical hemimetabolous JH response might be required for soldier formation during the course of termite evolution within the cockroach clade. To address this possibility, analysis of the role of JH and its signaling pathway was performed in the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis and compared with the wood roach Cryptocercus punctulatus, a member of the sister group of termites. Treatment with a JH analog (JHA) induced a nymphal molt in C. punctulatus. RNA interference (RNAi) of JH receptor Methoprene tolerant (Met) was then performed, and it inhibited the presoldier molt in Z. nevadensis and the nymphal molt in C. punctulatus. Knockdown of Met in both species inhibited expression of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E; the active form of ecdysone) synthesis genes. However, in Z. nevadensis, several 20E signaling genes were specifically inhibited by Met RNAi. Consequently, RNAi of these genes were performed in JHA-treated termite individuals. Knockdown of 20E signaling and nuclear receptor gene, Hormone receptor 39 (HR39/FTZ-F1β) resulted in newly molted individuals with normal worker phenotypes. This is the first report of the JH–Met signaling feature in termites and Cryptocercus. JH-dependent molting activation is shared by both taxa and mediation between JH receptor and 20E signalings for soldier morphogenesis is specific to termites.
Editor's Note
Authors: WHR Editor-in-Chief
Published: June 2018

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Benturan Kewenangan dan Kerjasama Pengawasan Hakim Antara Komisi Yudisial dan Mahkamah Agung
Authors: - Masripatunnisa
Published: June 2018

Abstrak. Benturan Kewenangan dan Kerjasama Pengawasan Hakim Antara Komisi Yudisial dan Mahkamah Agung. Perubahan undang-undang Komisi Yudisial (Undang-Undang nomor 18 tahun 2011 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang nomor 22 tahun 2004) memiliki dampak pada diperluasnya kewenangan Komisi Yudisial dalam pola rekrutmen dan pengawasan hakim di Mahkamah Agung. Perubahan kewenangan Komisi Yudisial yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 18 tahun 2011 kiranya pandangan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang dalam putusan nomor 005/PUU-IV/2006 masih sangat relevan untuk dijadikan rambu-rambu, dalam rangka Komisi Yudisial menjalankan fungsi pengawasan. Keberadaan  Komisi Yudisial ini diharapkan dapat menjadi simbol mengenai pentingnya infrastruktur sistem etika perilaku (good conduct) dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Republik Indonesia menurut UUD 1945. Selain itu, Komisi Yudisial sebagai lembaga auxiliary organ terhadap lembaga kekuasaan kehakiman diharapkan juga dapat ditumbuh-kembangkan dalam sistem etika perilaku baik dalam infrastruktur maupun suprastruktur di semua sektor sebagaimana mestinya dalam rangka mewujudkan gagasan negara hukum dan prinsip “good governance’ di semua bidang. Kata kunci: Benturan Kewenangan, Pengawasan Hakim, Komisi Yudisial, Mahkamah Agung.
La gobernación de Popayán y la diferenciación en las fronteras mineras del Pacífico. Las relaciones de mando de los gobernantes coloniales en la Nueva Granada, 1729-1818
Authors: Almario García Oscar
Published: June 2018

Este artículo utiliza las relaciones de mando de los gobernantes coloniales en la Nueva Granada de 1729 a 1818, para analizar las dinámicas de diferenciación socioespacial en el Pacífico (Chocó y Sur) y su configuración regional como frontera minera de la gobernación de Popayán. Inicialmente se rastrean distintos registros presentes en dicha fuente y después se identifican varias cuestiones de fondo relacionadas con los desafíos del Imperio español en su intento de redefinir el orden colonial. Los cuales se pueden sintetizar así: la contradicción entre los ideales modernizantes borbónicos y la absoluta dependencia de la minería del oro con base en el trabajo esclavo; las tensiones entre las autoridades coloniales fiscalistas y las élites provinciales esclavistas, y los desencuentros en cuanto al control de esa frontera según las lógicas de seguridad ambicionadas por el centro imperial o de acuerdo con los intereses de las élites de Popayán que pretendían profundizar la sociedad esclavista. En medio de estas circunstancias contradictorias, los esclavos constituyeron el epicentro de ese sistema esclavista de frontera, al tiempo que anunciaban su disolución. Sin embargo, los esclavos son uno de los registros más tenues en los documentos investigados en este estudio, cuando se trata precisamente del sujeto que dinamizaba todo el sistema esclavista. Conscientes de esa opacidad, con fines contrastivos se indican aspectos relevantes de la vida social de los grupos negros, esclavizados y libres, tanto en lo que tiene que ver con su diario vivir como en relación con su estructura sociodemográfica.
La prensa mexicana en la justificación del anticomunismo, 1959– 1970
Authors: Sánchez Parra Sergio Arturo , Gil Pérez Anderson Paul
Published: June 2018

Este artículo analiza la labor desempeñada por la prensa en el proceso de construcción del anticomunismo en México durante los años 60’s y 70’s del siglo XX. Se inscribe dentro de los estudios de la prensa y toma como unidad de análisis a la cadena periodística García Valseca y su diario miembro El Sol de Sinaloa. En primer lugar, se evidencian los elementos contextuales que permiten comprender las relaciones entre prensa y gobierno durante el proceso de formación del Estado moderno mexicano. Y en segundo lugar, se evidencia cómo la Revolución Cubana y la preocupación por las guerrillas mexicanas, sirvieron como temas detonadores y legitimadores de la preocupación por la incidencia del comunismo en México en el período de estudio.
Editorial
Authors: Jimenez Patiño Hernan David
Published: June 2018

El número 20 (Julio-Diciembre, Vol. 10) de HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local recoge experiencias de investigación de Colombia, México y Argentina. La temática es diversa con una amplia temporalidad sobre estudios de los siglos XVI al XX.
In vitro antifungal susceptibility of clinical isolates of Fusarium from Colombia
Authors: Gaviria-Rivera Adelaida Maria , Giraldo-López Alejandra Dixie , Cano Restrepo Luz Elena
Published: June 2018

Objetivo Evaluar la susceptibilidad antifúngica in vitro de aislamientos de Fusarium a los antimicóticos amfotericina B, itraconazol y voriconazol.Métodos La susceptibilidad de 44 aislamientos clínicos de Fusarium fue evaluada por el método de difusión en disco, E-test.Resultados Todos los aislamientos fueron resistentes al itraconazol, y 89 % y 54,5 % fueron resistentes a la amfotericina B y al voriconazol, respectivamente.Discusión Los resultados confirman el alto nivel de resistencia reportado, independiente de la especie o la cepa de Fusarium involucrada. Los valores tan altos de MICs son preocupantes y sugieren la necesidad de evaluar nuevos medicamentos.
Percepción del embarazo adolescente en el Departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia
Authors: Trejos Herrera Ana María , Mazuera Arias Rina , Reyes Ruiz Lizeth
Published: June 2018

Objetivo Analizar la percepción del embarazo adolescente en el Departamento Norte de Santander.Método Se realizó una investigación descriptiva de corte transversal con 406 madres adolescentes entre 10 y 19 años pertenecientes a las 6 subregiones del departamento. Se aplicó una encuesta estructurada y se tabularon los datos en el Paquete Estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales (SPSS [Statical Package for Social Sciencies]; versión No.23)Resultados El 69 % de las adolescentes considera que la falta de educación sexual está asociada al embarazo no planificado. El 66 % reconoce que los embarazos no planificados se pueden prevenir con el uso de métodos anticonceptivos, pues los embarazos indeseados son la principal causa de deserción escolar para un 62 % de las adolescentes.Discusión La garantía de un mayor acceso a la educación sexual integral junto con el acceso libre y fácil a los métodos anticonceptivos puede reducir la problemática del embarazo adolescente.
Síndrome metabólico y actividad física en adultos mayores de la sierra ecuatoriana
Authors: Chimbo-Yunga, Jenny Maritza , Chuchuca-Cajamarca Angela Jimena , Wong Sara , Encalada-Torres Lorena Eesperanza
Published: June 2018

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico, el nivel de actividad física y la asociación de estos factores en los adultos mayores de la sierra ecuatoriana.Métodos Estudio transversal que evaluó 387 adultos mayores de Cuenca-Ecuador, quienes desearon participar y firmaron el consentimiento informado. El diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico se realizó mediante los criterios del Programa Nacional de Educación sobre el Colesterol y el Panel de Tratamiento del Adulto III, para el valor de la Circunferencia Abdominal se consideró los criterios usados para la población asiática. El nivel de actividad física fue evaluado por la versión corta del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física. Se compararon los grupos con y sin síndrome metabólico mediante el test Chi-cuadrado y el test t de student. El análisis de variancia fue usado para evaluar la asociación entre los componentes del síndrome metabólico y el nivel de actividad física.Resultados La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico fue alta (59,9 %), así como el nivel alto de actividad física (45 %), sin embargo no se evidenció asociación significativa entre el síndrome metabólico y nivel de actividad física.Conclusión Los adultos mayores diagnosticados con síndrome metabólico presentaron el mismo nivel de actividad física que los individuos sin este diagnóstico. Es necesario confirmar los presentes hallazgos usando instrumentos de medición directa de actividad física.
Clinical markers associated with acute laboratory-confirmed Dengue infection: results of a national epidemiological surveillance system
Authors: Murillo-Zamora Efrén , Medina-González Alfredo , Trujillo-Hernández Benjamín , Mendoza-Cano Oliver , Guzmán-Esquivel José , Higareda-Almaraz Martha Alicia , Higareda-Almaraz Enrique
Published: June 2018

Objetivo Evaluar la asociación de distintos marcadores clínicos con la infección por virus de Dengue, confirmada por laboratorio.Métodos Se condujo un estudio hospitalario de casos y controles, en el estado de Colima, México, usando información del Sistema Nacional de  Vigilancia Epidemiológica (SINAVE) para dengue. Se analizó la información de 2 732 casos y 2 775 controles de frecuencia compatible/pareada. Se utilizó la Razón de Momios (RM) y el Intervalo de Confianza de 95 % (IC), estimado con modelos de regresión logística.Resultados La presencia de exantema (OR=1,7; 95 % CI 1,5–2,1), vómito persistente (OR=1,8; 95 % CI 1,5–2,3) y fragilidad capilar aumentada (petequias, equimosis, hematomas o prueba del torniquete positiva; OR=1,8; 95 % CI 1,2–2,6) se asociaron con la infección por dengue confirmada por laboratorio.Conclusiones Tres marcadores clínicos se asociaron significante con un riesgo incrementado de la infección aguda por dengue confirmada por laboratorio. Estos hallazgos pueden apoyar al preciso y oportuno diagnóstico de la infección en sitios con acceso limitado a laboratorios.
Resistencia a la poliquimioterapia en pacientes con enfermedad de Hansen
Authors: Vasquez-Lesmes Diego Andres , Cuevas-Hernandez Sandra Milena , Faizal-Geagea Michel
Published: June 2018

Se describe un reporte de caso de un paciente del Sanatorio Agua de Dios Cundinamarca con diagnóstico de lepra lepromatosa histioide con sospecha de resistencia a la poliquimioterapia (PQT), evidenciando la importancia de los criterios clínicos para inicio de terapia alterna ante las limitaciones en los medios paraclínicos. La resistencia debe sospecharse y diagnosticarse tempranamente para evitar la progresión de la enfermedad; los criterios clínicos y paraclínicos ayudan a su confirmación diagnóstica, en los estudios bacteriológicos la escala semicuantitativa Colombiana debe reemplazarse por escala logarítmica de Ridley y Jopling, los estudios histopatológicos se practican en todo paciente con enfermedad de Hansen, los estudios de resistencia se están implementando en el país pero su acceso limita oportunidad para apoyo en el inicio terapéutico.
Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en una población cafetera del Departamento de Caldas
Authors: Gutierrez Perez Ruth Bibiana , Zuluaga-Londoño Nidia M. , Gallego-López Felipe A.
Published: June 2018

Objetivos Determinar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en una población caficultora del Departamento de Caldas.Materiales y Métodos Estudio transversal realizado en 2015 a 964 caficultores afiliados a la Cooperativa de Caficultores de Manizales en 6 sedes ubicadas en la zona centro y oriente del departamento. Posterior a la encuesta, se realizaron medidas antropométricas y pruebas bioquímicas. Los resultados fueron analizados en el Paquete Estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales (SPSS); versión No.18.Resultados Las Prevalencias del estudio fueron: Género masculino, 78 %; tabaquismo, 27,2 %; antecedentes de familiares fallecidos antes de los 55 años por etiología coronaria, 24 %; hipertensión arterial, 14 %; hipercolesterolemia, 56,6 %; circunferencia de la cintura para hombres 90,7 cm y para mujeres 88,1; el índice de masa corporal promedio para la población fue de 24,7 kg/m2.Conclusiones La hipercolesterolemia fue el factor de riesgo cardiovascular común y más predisponente para el desarrollo de la enfermedad cardiovascular en esta población; la detección temprana de factores de riesgo permite desarrollar estrategias de promoción y prevención con el fin de disminuir su morbilidad, mortalidad, discapacidad y costos asociados con la enfermedad cardiovascular.
Descripción de la microbiota bacteriana residente en el biosólido generado en la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales San Fernando. Itagüí, Colombia
Authors: Arévalo-Arbeláez Ángela J. , Bedoya-Urrego Katherine , Cabarcas-Jaramillo Felipe , Alzate-Restrepo Juan Fernando
Published: June 2018

Objetivo Caracterizar la microbiota bacteriana presente en los biosólidos generados en una de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales más grande de Colombia.Materiales y Métodos Se utilizó la plataforma de secuenciamiento 454 de la compañía Roche para secuenciar las regiones variables V1-V3 y V6-V9 del marcador molecular 16S rRNA y caracterizar la microbiota. Adicionalmente, se aplicaron estrategias filogenéticas para la identificación de especies bacterianas de importancia.Resultados Nuestros análisis muestran que los Phyla más abundantes son Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria y Firmicutes. Los géneros clasificados más abundantes fueron Pseudomonas, Dysgonomonas y Proteiniphilum. Sin embargo, el grupo dominante según la región variable V1-V3 es una Anaerolineaceae que no se ajusta a las especies descritas para esta familia.Conclusiones En las muestras de biosólido analizadas predominan bacterias ambientales que participan en los procesos de estabilización de la materia orgánica durante los tratamientos biológicos de tipo secundario y la digestión anaerobia. Se detectaron secuencias de especies dentro de la familia Anaerolineaceae, los análisis filogenéticos muestran que probablemente se trata de especies no descritas. En el momento del estudio, se encontró que en el sistema de digestión anaerobia se genera biosolido con una baja carga de bacterias potencialmente patógenas.
Políticas públicas de zoonosis en Colombia, 1975-2014. Un abordaje desde la ciencia política y la salud pública
Authors: Agudelo-Suárez Angela N. , Villamil-Jiménez Luis C.
Published: June 2018

Objetivo Analizar las políticas públicas de zoonosis en Colombia, en términos de capacidad de respuesta, decisiones, procesos y resultados, aproximándose a los impactos de las mismas, en el período de 1975 a 2014.Métodos Se realizó un estudio de análisis y evaluación de políticas públicas, con un diseño mixto. Se seleccionaron algunas zoonosis con base en su importancia en salud pública, epidemiología, ubicación en la política y disponibilidad de información consecutiva. Se utilizaron fuentes secundarias de tipo documental y fuentes primarias por medio de una encuesta comentada. Se construyó un marco interpretativo, histórico y estructural, desde el punto de vista económico, epidemiológico y político. Para el análisis de las políticas se utilizó el enfoque secuencial y, de manera complementaria, el enfoque de desarrollo institucional. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de tendencias de las zoonosis seleccionadas.Resultados El marco interpretativo abordó el contexto macro y los procesos clave en dos períodos: 1975-1990 y 1990-2014. El análisis de las políticas públicas en zoonosis se adelantó según su nivel de decisión y relaciones verticales y horizontales entre las mismas. Se obtuvo un análisis de tendencias de las zoonosis en el largo plazo, aproximándose a una valoración del impacto de las políticas.Conclusiones La diversificación y profundización instrumental de las políticas sugieren que las mismas se han acercado a la comprensión y capacidad de manejo de las problemáticas complejas de las zoonosis. Sin embargo, el análisis de tendencias sugiere que el impacto de las políticas públicas en zoonosis sigue siendo limitado.
New records of Diplomys labilis (Bangs, 1901) (Mammalia, Rodentia, Echimyidae) from Nicaragua
Authors: Martínez-Fonseca José Gabriel , Reid Fiona A. , Loza Julio , Gutiérrez-López Luis , Sunyer Javier
Published: June 2018

The Rufous Tree Rat Diplomys labilis is distributed from southwestern Costa Rica to northern Ecuador. We report the first 2 records of this species from southern Nicaragua, extending the known geographical distribution for the species about 280 km northward from its nearest known locality, in Costa Rica. We provide photos of both Nicaraguan individuals, which were observed almost a year apart in the same locality, the Refugio Bartola Private Reserve, Río San Juan Department.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING STUDIES OF VIETNAM LEMONGRASS ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION PROCESS USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: Dung Nguyen Trung
Published: June 2018

Natural precious products such as aroma compounds, essential oils, and bio-activated materials are usually extracted from about 30,000 botanical species. These extracts are often high competitive market due to their small content (less than 1 %) in plants and high purification cost. Thus, development of a modeling for the optimization of the crude oil extraction is highly paid attention. In this work, a modeling of Vietnam lemongrass oil extraction using steam distillation is developed and the optimization of the process parameters is performed using response surface methodology (RSM). The operating parameters considered for the modeling and optimization are specific area of raw materials, moisture content of feedstock, and steam rate. Experimental data show that the oil yield from steam distillation of Vietnam lemongrass is significantly affected by the three mentioned factors. Box-Behnken design (BBD) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are used to examine the effects of operating parameters on the extraction efficiency. On the basis of the measurements and RSM, a quadric regression model as a function of steam rate, specific area and moisture content of materials is estimated. The optimized operating conditions of the lemongrass hydrodistillation are also obtained by applying the proposed modeling.
EFFECT OF SOLVENT COMPOSITION ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE OF HIGH-VOLTAGE CATHODE LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4
Authors: Man Tran Van
Published: June 2018

The spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is considered as an accurate cathode material for high-voltage Li-ions batteries above 4.5 V due to its high energy density, safety and eco-friendly. The electrochemical performance of spinel LNMO depends on the combability between electrode material and electrolyte. In this work, we reported the essential role of solvent compositions–carbonate solvents such as ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylene methyl carbonate (EMC)–in 1 M LiPF6 electrolytes on the long-term cycling test. The volumetric ratios in which the solvent compositions were varied were as follows: EC-EMC (7:3), EC-EMC (1:1), EC-DMC (1:1), EC-DMC (1:2). Result of cycling test in the solvent EC-EMC (7:3) leads to a discharge capacity of 140 mAh/g and a retention of 85 % initial capacity after 50 cycles.
A GREEN AND SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF CHITOSAN/Ag NANOCOMPOSITES AND STUDY FOR THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: Bich Quyen Tran Thi
Published: June 2018

A green and simple approach has been successfully developed to synthesize chitosan/Ag nanocomposites using kumquat extract as a biological reducing agent. It indicates to be an eco-friendly and green method for the synthesis providing a cost effective and an efficient route for the chitosan/Ag nanocomposites’ synthesis. The prepared chitosan/Ag nanocomposites have been characterized by UV-vis, TEM, FTIR, and XRD. Result showed those chitosan/Ag nanocomposites have been obtained with average particle size ~15-25 nm. Moreover, the synthesized chitosan/Ag nanocomposites also showed their efficient antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. The chitosan/Ag nanocomposite was found to have signiﬁcantly higher antimicrobial activity than its components at their respective concentrations. The presence of a small percentage (2.5 %, w/w) of metal nanoparticles in the nanocomposite was enough to signiﬁcantly enhance inactivation of S. aureus and E. coli as compared with unaltered chitosan. Thus, this eco-friendly method could be a competitive alternative to the conventional physical/chemical methods used for the synthesis of chitosan/Ag nanocomposites. Since, it has a potential to use in biomedical and cosmetic applications.
SYNTHESIS OF Ag2O/CNTs NANOCOMPOSITE TO BE USED AS A CATHODE MATERIAL FOR ZINC - SILVER BATTERIES
Authors: Tu Nguyen Van
Published: June 2018

In this article, Ag2O/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposite has been prepared by chemical reduction method and used as a cathode material for zinc-silver batteries. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tests reveal the CNTs and Ag2O nanotubes form an interpenetrating network structure. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed that the Ag2O shows Cubic (Pn-3) crystal structure and mixture element states in the nanocomposite. The charging/discharging property of the Ag2O/CNTs nanocomposite was studied by galvanostatic charge-discharge measurement as a cathode material. The results indicated that Ag2O/CNTs nanocomposite has high specific capacity and good cycling stability. For the current density of 0.53 mA/cm2 (2.5C), the initial specific capacity of the nanocomposite is 190 mAh/g and remains 172 mAh/g after 20 cycles.
EFFECT OF LONG-CHAIN ALKYLAMINE ON THE DISPERSIBILITY AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKYL-GRAPHENE IN LUBRICANT OIL
Authors: Van Nguyen Huu
Published: June 2018

We report on the preparation of Alkyl-Graphene by hydrothermal method, and their dispersion in lubrication oil. The alkylated graphenes with variable alkyl chain lengths (Cn = 8, 12, 18) are prepared by coupling of alkylamine with carboxylic groups of graphene oxide (GO). FTIR, XPS, TGA methods were used to analyze and assess the GO modified ability by amine. The morphology and microstructure of prepared GO and alkyl-graphene were examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experiments confirmed the formation of GO and alkyl-graphene. Stably distributed system of alkyl-graphene in SN500 reached 13.2 g/l with octylamine and 9.5 g/l with decylamine and 6.0 g/l with dodecylamine. The lubricating characteristics of lubrication oil containing alkyl-graphene was determined according to ASTM D2783. Evaluation of the reduction performance of SN500 oil when adding with alkyl-graphene: modified GO by octylamine gave the best performance compared to decylamine, dodecylamine. The reduction of abrasion reached 11.3 % at 0.3 g/l and 12.5% at 0.4 g/l of octyl-graphene.
ESTABLISHING THE HYDROLYSIS PROCEDURE OF SOFT-SHELL CRAB (Scylla sp.) IN VIET NAM
Authors: Lan Nguyen Thi Phuong
Published: June 2018

The mud crab (Scylla sp.) belonging to Portunidae family has been aquacultured and used to provide a lot of nutrient foods and materials for supplementary food. Recent researches showed nutrient content of soft-shell crabs is higher than that of harden crabs. In this study, the content of total lipid and protein of Scylla sp. are found to be 1.2% and 30.5%, respectively. Additionally, trace elements contents (calcium and zink) were obtained of high level with 1.76% and 203.53 mg/kg, respectively. This is a potential source of materials for application in medicine and pharmaceutical industry in Vietnam. A enzymatic hydrolysis procedure was established as well in order to keep the high nutritional value of soft-shell crab materials. Based on these results, this procedure will be optimized as prospective in next step to obtain the maximized hydrolysate yield.
The structuralist revenge: economic complexity as an important dimension to evaluate growth and development
Authors: GALA PAULO , ROCHA IGOR , MAGACHO GUILHERME
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT This paper brings elements from the economic complexity literature to the discussions of the structuralist tradition on the central role of manufacturing and productive sophistication to economic growth. Using data provided by the Atlas of Economic Complexity this study sought to verify if countries’ complexity is important to explain convergence and divergence among poor and rich countries and, if so, which are the countries that will be able to reduce the income gap compared to developed countries. The econometric analysis revealed that exports and production complexity is significant to explain convergence and divergence among countries.
Varieties of capitalism, growth and redistribution in Asia and Latin America
Authors: BIZBERG ILAN
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Both Latin America and Asia observed an impressive growth of their economies from the turn of the century until 2013. One of the differences between Asia and Latin America is that while redistribution and social security increased significantly in the second and growth was accompanied by reduced inequality, in Asia we have seen the contrary, increasing inequality, a more inefficient and decreasing social protection and no intent to redistribute. This paper wants to answer in what respects the mode of development of Asia, as characterized mainly by China, is more sustainable than the one followed by Latin America.
E AGORA, QUEM SOU EU? VOU ME LEMBRAR, SE PUDER! ESTOU DECIDIDA!: (DES)CONSTRUÇÕES IDENTITÁRIAS DE UMA PROFESSORA QUE ENSINA SOBRE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Silva Patrícia Petitinga , Oliveira Andréia Maria Pereira de , Souza Elizeu Clementino de
Published: June 2018

RESUMO: O estudo objetivou descrever experiências negociadas em trajetórias diversas para entender como elas forjam situações em que é possível imaginar-se uma professora que ensina sobre Ciências. Nessa pesquisa autobiográfica, em que a história de vida é utilizada como dispositivo de investigação, apresentamos a imaginação como um componente importante de nossa experiência no mundo, a qual possibilita-nos criar novas relações, ampliando nosso eu e transcendendo o tempo e o espaço. Sustentamos que, na participação em comunidades sociais, como as comunidades escolares de que as/os professoras/es são membros, significados são (re)negociados na relação com as/os outras/os, conduzindo-as/os a experiências de aprendizagem da docência que as/os permite imaginar-se no mundo, (des)construindo identidades docentes de pertencimento a essas comunidades. Como pertencemos, simultaneamente, a muitas comunidades diferentes, (des)construímos múltiplas identidades ao longo de nossas trajetórias, em um movimento contingente em que vamos assumindo vertentes de nossas identidades.
O PERFIL DO ALUNO INGRESSANTE EM UM CURSO DE BACHARELADO E LICENCIATURA EM ENFERMAGEM DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR PÚBLICA
Authors: Corrêa Adriana Katia , Prebill Gabriela Maria , Ruiz Jéssica Cristina , Souza Maria Conceição Bernardo de Mello e , Santos Ronildo Alves dos
Published: June 2018

RESUMO: Este estudo faz parte de contexto de ampliação de vagas públicas no ensino superior. Tem como objetivo descrever e analisar o perfil dos estudantes ingressantes do curso de Bacharelado e Licenciatura em Enfermagem, da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto/Universidade de São Paulo (EERP/USP), de 2006 a 2015, por meio de estudo de natureza exploratório-descritiva, utilizando questionário como técnica de coleta de dados, contendo dados de identificação pessoal, profissional, escolar e cultural. Os participantes foram os alunos ingressantes no curso citado, desde a primeira turma, em 2006, até o ano de 2015. A partir da análise dos dados, foram observadas mudanças no perfil de aluno ingressante no que se refere, principalmente, à faixa etária, escolaridade prévia e ingresso de trabalhadores. No contexto universitário, conhecer essas mudanças é importante para a implementação da proposta político-pedagógica desse curso.
ENTRE O PASSADO E O PRESENTE: CONTRASTES DE ACESSO À EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL NO DISTRITO FEDERAL
Authors: Pinto Viviane Fernandes Faria , Müller Fernanda , Anjos Juarez José Tuchinski dos
Published: June 2018

RESUMO: A criação de Brasília ocorreu em meio a utopias, sobretudo a de superar os problemas sociais dos grandes centros urbanos brasileiros. Uma das estratégias encontradas por Anísio Teixeira foi a apresentação de um projeto educacional inovador, baseado no acesso irrestrito à educação pública da pré-escola à universidade. Ao contrastar o passado e o presente, procuramos evidenciar aspectos das desigualdades na nova capital com foco na Educação Infantil, analisando dois recortes temporais: 1) acontecimentos documentados nos primeiros anos após a fundação da capital; e 2) dados contemporâneos de renda e de acesso à Educação Infantil. Demonstramos que a exclusão social que marca a capital remonta a sua fundação e persiste para além das divisões geográficas entre o Plano Piloto e as demais Regiões Administrativas do Distrito Federal. As desigualdades também são observadas no sistema educacional, sobretudo na Educação Infantil.
Avaliação do Uso do Tecimento na Soldagem a Arco Submerso
Authors: Cunha Tiago Vieira da , Ribeiro Hélio Ormeu
Published: June 2018

Resumo Apesar de muito comum em diversos processos de soldagem, não se encontra nas aplicações industriais, tampouco na literatura especializada, qualquer referência ao uso do movimento de oscilação transversal do eletrodo na soldagem a arco submerso. Em vista disso, neste trabalho foi realizada uma investigação quanto ao emprego da técnica de tecimento no processo SAW. Para tanto, foram realizados ensaios de soldagem com amplitudes de tecimento (triangular) entre 0 e 30 mm para três níveis diferentes de energia de soldagem e avaliadas a penetração, largura, reforço, área do reforço e da área fundida dos cordões de solda obtidos, além da estabilidade do processo. Como resultado, verificou-se que, além de perfeitamente viável, a aplicação da citada técnica no processo SAW resultou em maior eficiência de fusão no processo, sem, entretanto, acarretar em instabilidades no processo ou problemas relacionados à inclusão de escória.
Avaliação da Eficácia da Limpeza e Lubrificação do Arame sobre a Alimentabilidade em MIG/MAG
Authors: Moysés Enzo Rafael de Araújo , Mendes Thiago Aires , Bailoni Diandro , Scotti Américo
Published: June 2018

Resumo Analisou-se a eficácia de um “kit” de limpeza e lubrificação para arames de solda em relação à alimentabilidade do processo MIG/MAG. Soldagens comparativas de simples deposição sobre chapa na posição plana foram feitas, utilizando-se diferentes bicos de contato, assim como diferentes condições da superfície dos arames (normal e não conformes, oxidado e contaminado com detritos). Usou-se para qualificar a alimentabilidade um sistema dedicado constituído de uma célula de carga assistida por um sensor de queda de tensão no bico de contato. A eficácia do “kit” foi verificada pela variação da resistência elétrica do bico de contato e da força de alimentação, assim como pela aparência visual do arame na saída da tocha sem arco. O “kit” demonstrou ser eficaz, fazendo reduzir a força de alimentação sem aumentar a resistência elétrica dos bicos testados. Porém, não foi eficaz quando aplicado sobre um arame oxidado. Conclui-se que o “kit” é eficaz em casos onde o arame está em condições normais de uso ou apenas contaminado com detritos, reduzindo a fricção arame-tocha e facilitando a alimentabilidade do arame, mas não é suficiente para corrigir uma anomalia séria do arame (oxidação).
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF OSTEOARTICULAR INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN
Authors: JAÑA NETO FREDERICO CARLOS , ORTEGA CAROLINE SARTORI , GOIANO ELLEN DE OLIVEIRA
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the characteristics of patients diagnosed with pediatric osteoarticular infections treated in a level III trauma center in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients admitted between September 2012 and August 2014. The outcomes analyzed were: age, sex, diagnosis, etiologic agent, anatomic location, time to diagnosis, history of previous trauma and infection, laboratory tests, treatment, and complications. Results Twenty patients were included, 50% with septic arthritis, 35% with osteomyelitis, and 15% with both. Boys were predominant (80%), and the mean age was 6.6 years. The most common etiologic agent was Staphylococcus aureus. C-reactive protein value and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were elevated. The infections were treated with antibiotic therapy (intravenous and oral) and oxacillin was most frequently used. Most patients underwent at least one surgical procedure, and 35% of patients had complications. Conclusion This epidemiological mapping identified clinical and demographic characteristics which are useful for improving preparation for care. Future prospective studies with longer patient follow-up and the development of treatment protocols are needed to improve therapeutic decision-making and the prognosis of children with suspected osteoarticular infections. Evidence Level II; Prognostic studies - Investigation of the effect of patient characteristics on the outcome of the disease.
MEDIAL FEMORAL CONDYLE CORTICOPERIOSTEAL FLAP: ANATOMIC STUDY
Authors: SILVA GUSTAVO BERSANI , VELLOSA MATHEUS TEOTONIO , CHO ALVARO BAIK , COSTA RAQUEL BERNARDELLI IAMAGUCHI DA , CAMARGO OLAVO PIRES DE , MATTAR JÚNIOR RAMES
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Objective The medial femoral condyle corticoperiosteal flap is irrigated by the descending genicular artery, and when this is absent, by the superior medial genicular artery. The descending genicular artery divides into the muscular, saphenous, and osteoarticular branches. The objective of this study was to describe the variables involved in the dissection of the medial femoral condyle flap. Methods Thirty thighs from 20 cadavers were dissected and the following variables were recorded: age, height, weight, thigh length, presence of the descending genicular artery, whether the saphenous branch originated from the descending genicular artery, the length of the branches originating from the descending genicular artery, and the diameter of the descending genicular artery and the vena comitans. Results The descending genicular artery was present in 93.3% of the specimens (28/30). The saphenous branch originated from this artery in 76.7% of the dissections (23/70). The mean distance between the origin of the descending genicular artery and the knee joint was 13.4 cm (±١.4), the mean length of the descending genicular artery was 7.5 cm (±1.5), the mean diameter of the descending genicular artery was 1.9 mm (±٠.3), and the mean diameter of the vena comitans was 1.7 mm (±٠.3). Conclusion The vascularized medial femoral condyle is a versatile option for reconstruction of musculoskeletal injuries. It allows transference of bone associated with muscle and skin, which are each nourished by independent branches. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.