bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Models of Certain Hyperspaces of Quasi-metric Spaces
Authors: Pourmahdian Massoud , Ali-Akbari Mahdi
Published: June 2012

In this paper, for a given sequentially Yoneda-complete T_1 quasi-metric
space (X,d), the domain theoretic models of the hyperspace K_0(X) of nonempty
compact subsets of (X,d) are studied. To this end, the $\omega$-Plotkin domain
of the space of formal balls BX, denoted by CBX is considered. This domain is
given as the chain completion of the set of all finite subsets of BX with
respect to the Egli-Milner relation. Further, a map $\phi:K_0(X)\rightarrow
CBX$ is established and proved that it is an embedding whenever K_0(X) is
equipped with the Vietoris topology and respectively CBX with the Scott
topology. Moreover, if any compact subset of (X,d) is d^{-1}-precompact, \phi
is an embedding with respect to the topology of Hausdorff quasi-metric H_d on
K_0(X). Therefore, it is concluded that (CBX,\sqsubseteq,\phi) is an
$\omega$-computational model for the hyperspace K_0(X) endowed with the
Vietoris and respectively the Hausdorff topology. Next, an algebraic
sequentially Yoneda-complete quasi-metric D on CBX$ is introduced in such a way
that the specialization order $\sqsubseteq_D$ is equivalent to the usual
partial order of CBX and, furthermore, $\phi:({\cal
K}_0(X),H_d)\rightarrow({\bf C}{\bf B}X,D)$ is an isometry. This shows that
(CBX,\sqsubseteq,\phi,D) is a quantitative $\omega$-computational model for
(K_(X),H_d).
Proof-irrelevant model of CC with predicative induction and judgmental equality
Authors: Lee Gyesik , Werner Benjamin
Published: June 2012

We present a set-theoretic, proof-irrelevant model for Calculus of
Constructions (CC) with predicative induction and judgmental equality in
Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with an axiom for countably many inaccessible
cardinals. We use Aczel's trace encoding which is universally defined for any
function type, regardless of being impredicative. Direct and concrete
interpretations of simultaneous induction and mutually recursive functions are
also provided by extending Dybjer's interpretations on the basis of Aczel's
rule sets. Our model can be regarded as a higher-order generalization of the
truth-table methods. We provide a relatively simple consistency proof of type
theory, which can be used as the basis for a theorem prover.
Biochemical markers of bone metabolism in gingival crevicular fluid during early orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Barbieri German , Solano Patricia , Alarcón Jose Antonio , Vernal Rolando , Rios-Lugo Judith , Sanz Mariano , Martín Conchita
Published: June 2012

Objective:

To evaluate the expression of an activator of nuclear factor-kappa (RANK), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), and transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of teeth subjected to orthodontic forces.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized, pilot clinical trial including 10 healthy volunteers was conducted using a split-mouth design. Orthodontic elastic separators were placed between the second premolar and first molar, with the contralateral quadrant serving as a control. The GCF samples were collected from the tension and compression sites at baseline, 24 hours, and 7 days after the placement of separators. The GCF sample volumes were measured using a Periotron 8000, and total protein concentrations were determined. Levels of RANK, OPG, OPN, and TGF-ß1 were also analyzed using a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:

The control sites remained unchanged throughout the study. In contrast, the concentration of OPG significantly decreased at the compression site by 24 hours, and the amount and concentration of RANK differed significantly between the control, compression, and tension sites after 7 days. A significant increase in absolute TGF-ß1 levels was also detected at the compression site versus the control and tension sites after 7 days.

Conclusion:

Bone metabolism is affected by application of force to the teeth by elastic separators. Both increased expression of bone resorptive mediators (eg, RANK and TGF-ß1) and decreased expression of a bone-forming mediator (eg, OPG) on the compression side were detected.
Multi-dimensional instability of electrostatic solitary waves in ultra-relativistic degenerate electron-positron-ion plasmas
Authors: Masum Haider M. , Akter Suraya , Duha Syed , Mamun Abdullah
Published: June 2012

The basic features and multi-dimensional instability of electrostatic (EA) solitary waves propagating in an ultra-relativistic degenerate dense magnetized plasma (containing inertia-less electrons, inertia-less positrons, and inertial ions) have been theoretically investigated by reductive perturbation method and small-k perturbation expansion technique. The Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation has been derived, and its numerical solutions for some special cases have been analyzed to identify the basic features (viz. amplitude, width, instability, etc.) of these electrostatic solitary structures. The implications of our results in some compact astrophysical objects, particularly white dwarfs and neutron stars, are briefly discussed.
Effectiveness of Rape Protection Against Pests in the Years 2006-2009 in Poland
Authors: Walczak Felicyta , Golinowska Maria , Tratwal Anna , Bandyk Andrzej
Published: June 2012

Effectiveness of Rape Protection Against Pests in the Years 2006-2009 in Poland

Long-term research on the intensification of economically significant pests in rape cultivation has been conducted by the Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute (PPI - NRI) Poznań, Poland. This research has allowed for a determination of the economic effectiveness of chemical plant protection against pests. The research was conducted during the 2006-2009 time period. Results showed that the economic effectiveness expressed in approximate profitability indexes E1 and E2 in rape cultivation in Poland was diversified. The values were influenced by the selling prices of rape, intensification of pest occurrence, and yield. To prevent losses in yields, chemical crop protection has been implemented. In 2006, rape underwent an average of two treatments against pests: one against diseases and one reducing weed infestation. The primary rape-attacking pests from 2006 to 2009 were: rape pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.), cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynous quadridenz Penz), cabbage seed weevil (Ceutrohynorus assimillis Payk.) and pod gall midge (Dasyneura brassicae Winn.).
Effect of Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus Reniformis as Biotic Inducer of Resistance Against Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne Incognita in Potato
Authors: Osman Hamida , Youssef Mahmoud , El-Gindi Abd-El-Moneim , Ameen Hoda , Abd-Elbary Nagwa , Lashein Asmahan
Published: June 2012

Effect of Reniform Nematode,Rotylenchulus Reniformisas Biotic Inducer of Resistance Against Root-Knot Nematode,Meloidogyne Incognitain Potato

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the preinoculation of reniform nematode,Rotylenchulus reniformisfor inducing resistance againstMeloidogyne incognitain potato plants. Potato plants were inoculated with reniform nematode three days before the same plants received a root knot nematode inoculation. There was a reduction in the population parameters of the root knot nematode compared to plants given only a single inoculation. The studied potato plants which had two inoculations, also had enhanced growth parameters. The activity of the enzymes; peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and chitinase increased in the inoculated plants compared to the non-inoculated control.
Proteolytic Activity in the Midgut of the Crimson Speckled Moth Utethesia Pulchella L. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)
Authors: Ajamhassani Maryam , Zibaee Arash , Sendi Jalal , Askary Hassan , Farrar Nasser
Published: June 2012

Proteolytic Activity in the Midgut of the Crimson Speckled MothUtethesia PulchellaL. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

Samples were prepared from the midgut of 4th instar larvae of the crimson speckled mothUtethesia pulchellaL. to find proteolytic activity and properties. Result revealed the presence of high proteolytic activity in the midgut when taking into account specific proteinases including trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like, elastase and two exopeptidase (aminopeptidase and carboxipeptidase). The optimal pH of general protease was 8 and 7 when using azocasein and hemoglobin as general substrates, respectively. The optimal temperature of the total proteolytic activity in the midgut ofU. pulchellawas 25°C and 30°C when using azocasein and hemoglobin, respectively. Proteolytic activity was inhibited significantly by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), trypsin inhibitor (TLCK), chymotrypsin inhibitor (TPCK) and Phenanthroline. These results provide evidences for the presence of serine proteinases as the major proteases in the midgut ofU. pulchella;a key rangeland pest in warm climates. The interaction between digestive proteases and protease inhibitors have potentially important consequences for pest management programs.
Universalism against particularism. Kettil Bruun and the ideological background of the Total Consumption Model
Authors: Sulkunen Pekka , Warsell Leena
Published: June 2012

Aims

This article discusses one of the dominant doctrines in the alcohol policy field today; the need to regulate the total consumption of alcohol in the population. This position is theoretically justifiable and based on a large body of evidence. However, in practice its consistent implementation is rare. This contradiction results partly from inefficiency of the instruments – price control and availability restrictions – but it has an ideological background that will be the focus of this article.

Design and Data

Our paper goes back to the sources of Kettil Bruuns ideas that led to the publication of Alcohol Control Policy in Public Health Perspective in 1975. This book started the wave of research and policy debate on the Total Consumption Model that continues to date. We also base our argumentation on information received by Bruuns colleagues and peers.

Results

Many of Bruuns ideas originated from studies of areas other than alcohol. Three elements in his previous research experience were particularly important: (a) studies on power, (b) research on international drug policy, and (c) criminology and social control in general.

Conclusions

Economic power often contradicts the public interest. Drug policy demonstrates how such power leads to selective approaches in social control, and research on social control warns of the danger of discrimination against vulnerable populations. Against this, Bruuns approach to social policy stressed transparency, the priority of the public good against particular privileges and the importance of universalism in social policy to avoid particularistic biases. These elements motivated Bruuns interest in the total consumption approach.
Alcohol policy and local democracy in Sweden
Authors: Karlsson David
Published: June 2012

Aims

Europeanisation has led to an elevated role for Swedish local government in the field of alcohol policy, as the national government has been deprived of many of its previous policy instruments. Municipalities are now responsible for handling the social effects of political liberalisation on the national and European level. But are the municipalities and local democracy ready to take this responsibility? This article investigates whether the fundamental prerequisites for democratic processes in the field of alcohol policy are in place in Swedish local government. Is the field politicised and are the ideological dimensions of the field mirrored by political parties, providing the local citizens with political alternatives on Election Day?

Methods

The data comes from a survey to 1,388 local councillors in 49 municipalities.

Results

Issues of alcohol policy are indeed politicised in Swedish local politics, with a clearly identifiable ideological dimension in the attitudes of local councillors. This dimensionality is partly mirrored in the councillors’ party affiliation, and their ideological views on alcohol can to a certain extent be explained by their social attributes.

Conclusion

The fundamental prerequisites are in place for Swedish local representative democracy to handle the field of alcohol policy.
Implementing guidelines for substance abuse treatment: a critical discussion of “Knowledge to Practice”
Authors: Karlsson Patrik , Bergmark Anders
Published: June 2012

Aims

We critically discuss the campaign “Knowledge to Practice”. A popular assumption within the evidence-based practice (EBP) framework is that guidelines for best practices are useful for increasing the inflow of research into practice. In Sweden, an initiative known as “Knowledge to Practice” (KTP) has since 2008 been devoted to implementing the National Board of Health and Welfare's guidelines for substance abuse treatment in practice.

Material

Our critical discussion is based on an analysis of available documents describing the KTP campaign.

Results

We argue that the implementation process is marred with problems all the way from the beginning, where the guidelines are produced, to the final stage of local “adoption”. The vague character of the guidelines coupled with unclear usages of key concepts such as “service user involvement” and EBP as well as a perspective of EBP that in certain respects undermine the legitimacy of its own mission lead us to raise serious doubt about KTP.

Conclussions

We conclude that KTP can be seen as a clear example of a general unawareness of the two main, largely incompatible “models” of EBP identified in the literature. Further, KTP may as a consequence of this have had the unintended effect of disseminating vague and unclear conceptions of EBP to practitioners.
Comorbid drug use disorders and eating disorders — a review of prevalence studies
Authors: Nøkleby Heid
Published: June 2012

Aims

This study reviews literature on comorbidity of drug use disorders (DUD) and eating disorders (ED). The article updates knowledge on the occurrence of comorbidity of these diagnoses.

Methods

The databases Embase, Medline and PsycInfo were searched for studies published between 1990 and May 2011, with combinations of the terms ‘eating disorder’, ‘substance-related disorder’, ‘drug dependence’, ‘drug abuse’, ‘drug addiction’ and ‘substance abuse’. This generated altogether 596 studies. Studies in which diagnostic DUD and ED were not assessed in the same sample or the result was not given in percentages were excluded. Thirteen studies remained.

Results

In 11 of the 13 studies, the participants were initially diagnosed with an eating disorder. The prevalence of lifetime drug use disorders varies from 8–43 %. In two studies, DUD is the initial diagnosis, and the participants report 14 % concurrent and 27.3% lifetime ED. The most prevalent co-occurring diagnoses tend to be bulimia nervosa/bingeing-purging anorexia nervosa, and stimulants/cannabis disorders.

Conclusions

The lifetime prevalence percentages of eating disorders in people with drug use disorders (and vice versa) are higher than in the general population. The results indicate that the field of drug disorder treatment and research could benefit from paying closer attention to the risk of eating disorders.
Ethical issues in clinical trials in children
Authors: Glasa J. , Glasová H. , Glasová M. , Krčméryová T.
Published: June 2012

Ethical issues in clinical trials in children

Clinical trials (CTs) in children involve much methodological specificity that are reflected in the ethical issues related to them, as well as in the evaluation of ethical acceptability of the given protocol by an ethics committee. A child in comparison to an adult exhibits numerous patho/physiological differences that are in addition characterized by the quick changes during the child's growth and development. Nowadays, there are no doubts about the necessity of conducting specific CTs in children that are not possible to perform in adults. Despite children are not able to give legally valid informed consent and it is necessary to obtain consent from the child's parents, or from the legal representative, it is also necessary, before including the child into the trial, to obtain his/her appropriate agreement (assent) with participation. It is a must always to fully respect the requirements of minimization of pain, discomfort, fear, and separation from the parents especially from the mother. Special ethical issues are connected with CTs conducted in neonatal period. On the part of the professional public, producers of medicinal drugs, as well as from the positions of the European institutions, considerable attention is being paid to the area of CTs in children. It is reflected in numerous scientific researches, and professional and legislative activities. In the Slovak Republic, the area of biomedical research, including CTs, in children and minors is covered by up-to-date, comprehensive legislation. It ensures not only the maximal protection of the child or minor taking part in biomedical research or CT, but it also provides sufficient level of legal certainty to the sponsors and investigators of biomedical research projects/CTs.
Respiratory diseases and pneumoniamanifestof seasonal variability an example from Nitra region in Slovakia
Authors: Magula D.
Published: June 2012

Respiratory diseases and pneumoniamanifestof seasonal variability an example from Nitra region in Slovakia

The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of some respiratory diseases in outpatient's pneumology departments along three years period and point out seasonal variation in these diseases. The number of examined ambulatory patients suffered from all causes of respiratory diseases and pneumonia on monthly basis were applied to create a time-series analysis in numerical and graphical output of data. Significant differences in all followed diseases between winter season and summer season were observed. These data are in accordance with data of other authors and epidemiological surveys on long year's basis. Possible reasons of these observations are discussed, and it may speculate about seasonally driven viral circulation. Deficiency in vitamin D levels in wintertime is another possible reason for winter peak in the incidence of respiratory diseases. Our results can aid not only in effective allocation of resources and services but can be helpful for better understanding of respiratory epidemiology, respiratory pathology with potential role of vitamin D in its possible improvement, especially in wintertime.
35 years of education in clinical pharmacology at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Comenius University
Authors: Švec P. , Kuželová M.
Published: June 2012

35 years of education in clinical pharmacology at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Comenius University

Clinical pharmacology has been recognized as both an academic as well as healthcare specialty in all developed countries. For all healthcare providers using drugs, clinical pharmacology showed the way to apply the principles of pharmacology in a variety of individual circumstances in patients with the intent to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks of pharmacotherapy. This situation led to the introduction of clinical pharmacology to the curriculum of pharmaceutical study at the Faculty of Pharmacy, CU, in Bratislava in the academic year 1973/74. The development of the content of the study plan in clinical pharmacology is discussed in this paper. The author's claim, proven by multiple independent research studies, is that clinical pharmacology is the most complete, easiest to use and most objective drug information base for solutions to pharmacotherapy problems today.
Assessment of Rail Freight Transport Service Quality
Authors: Palšaitis Ramūnas , Ponomariovas Andrejus
Published: June 2012

Assessment of Rail Freight Transport Service Quality

Investigations show a growth of requirements for goods transportation quality by rail. There is a need to analyse in details goods transportation system by rail to meet requirements of market and give extra boost to development transportation service quality. The purpose of the current article is to give a partial overview about the experts, freight forwarders and customers' survey results. The analysis of customers' answers showed that they are not fully satisfied with quality of the service. It was identified that freight forwarders and other transportation service providers must carry out regular self-assessment of performance against defined criteria of service. Clear and united criteria of cargo transportation quality by rail will make easier to choose transport mode, transport means and route. The survey data and literature analysis showed that there is a vast range of criteria to be proposed for rail service quality evaluation, but no one of the models is prevailing. The analysis showed that most often the mentioned criteria are linked with the information, rolling stock, reliability and punctuality.
Stress and Strain Definition of an Open Profile Thin-Walled Beam at Constrained Torsion by Boundary Element Method
Authors: Zlatanov Zlatko
Published: June 2012

Stress and Strain Definition of an Open Profile Thin-Walled Beam at Constrained Torsion by Boundary Element Method

Thin-walled beams with open profile at constrained torsion are investigated in this paper. A thin-walled beam loaded by an external bi-moment at constrained torsion is investigated in this paper. An analytical variant of the boundary element method (BEM) is presented, which is based on a new scheme of the integral ratios transformation of the initial parameters method in a system of linear algebraic equations. Only one dimensional integrals are used defining the one dimensional continuum.
A Comparative Study of Random Patterns for Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Stoilov G. , Kavardzhikov V. , Pashkouleva D.
Published: June 2012

A Comparative Study of Random Patterns for Digital Image Correlation

Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is a computer based image analysis technique utilizing random patterns, which finds applications in experimental mechanics of solids and structures. In this paper a comparative study of three simulated random patterns is done. One of them is generated according to a new algorithm, introduced by the authors. A criterion for quantitative evaluation of random patterns after the calculation of their autocorrelation functions is introduced. The patterns' deformations are simulated numerically and realized experimentally. The displacements are measured by using the DIC method. Tensile tests are performed after printing the generated random patterns on surfaces of standard iron sheet specimens. It is found that the new designed random pattern keeps relatively good quality until reaching 20% deformation.
Analysis of Mode II Crack in Bilayered Composite Beam
Authors: Rizov Victor , Mladensky Angel
Published: June 2012

Analysis of Mode II Crack in Bilayered Composite Beam

Mode II crack problem in cantilever bilayered composite beams is considered. Two configurations are analyzed. In the first configuration the crack arms have equal heights while in the second one the arms have different heights. The modulus of elasticity and the shear modulus of the beam un-cracked part in the former case and the moment of inertia in the latter are derived as functions of the two layers characteristics. The expressions for the strain energy release rate, G are obtained on the basis of the simple beam theory according to the hypotheses of linear elastic fracture mechanics. The validity of these expressions is established by comparison with a known solution. Parametrical investigations for the influence of the moduli of elasticity ratio as well as the moments of inertia ratio on the strain energy release rate are also performed. The present article is a part of comprehensive investigation in Fracture mechanics of composite beams.
Antioxidative Properties of Bee Pollen Extracts Examined by EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Rzepecka-Stojko Anna , Pilawa Barbara , Ramos Paweł , Stojko Jerzy
Published: June 2012

Antioxidative Properties of Bee Pollen Extracts Examined by EPR Spectroscopy

Bee pollen is a valuable and highly recognized source of exogenous antioxidants. The aim of these studies was to determine the antioxidant capacity of three types of bee pollen extracts: ethanol extracts of bee pollen, pepsin extracts of bee pollen and ethanol extracts of pepsin-digested bee pollen. Their antioxidant properties were determined with the use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and their ability to quench DPPH free radicals was estimated. The EPR results showed that ethanol extracts of pepsin-digested bee pollen (EEPP) had the highest antioxidative effect and the highest free radical DPPH scavenging potential. The pepsin extracts of bee pollen (PEP) had the weakest antioxidant capacity. The ability to quench DPPH free radicals was also the weakest one for this extract. An average antioxidative effect was recorded for ethanol extracts of bee pollen (EEP).
Physicochemical Properties of Honey Produced in the Homesha District of Western Ethiopia
Authors: Gobessa Sisay , Seifu Eyassu , Bezabih Amsalu
Published: June 2012

Physicochemical Properties of Honey Produced in the Homesha District of Western Ethiopia

This study was conducted to characterize honey produced in the Homesha district in Western Ethiopia. The effects of location and hive type on the quality of honey produced in the area were assessed. A total of 20 honey samples were collected from four locations in the district. The overall mean (±SD) contents of reducing sugars, sucrose, pH, moisture, ash, hydroxymethylfurfural, acidity and water-insoluble solids of the honey samples analyzed were 65 ± 3.02%, 6.1 ± 3.4%, 4.02 ± 0.26, 16.4 ± 1.07%, 0.17 ± 0.07%, 1.8 ± 0.24 mg/kg, 23.9 ± 7.4 meq/kg and 0.09 ± 0.14%, respectively. The sucrose content of honey samples purchased from the market was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the sucrose contents of honey samples collected from other locations. Hive type significantly (p<0.05) influenced the contents of moisture, HMF and water-insoluble solids of honey samples. It can be concluded that honey produced in the Homesha district is of good quality and can meet the national and international market demands.
Swarming and Migration of Apis dorsata and Apis laboriosa Honey Bees in India, Nepal and Bhutan
Authors: Woyke Jerzy , Wilde Jerzy , Wilde Maria
Published: June 2012

Swarming and Migration ofApis dorsataandApis laboriosaHoney Bees in India, Nepal and Bhutan

The migratory open air nestingApis dorsataandApis laboriosahoneybees migrate at least twice a year. DNA genotyping showed that the same swarms return to their natal nesting sites. We examined 23 nesting sites in Nepal, India and Bhutan, on which 587 colonies ofA. dorsataandA. laboriosanested. The results showed that the frequency of the periodic mass flights (PMF) performed by the colonies is a good indicator of the status of current colony performance. During the swarming period, both,A. dorsataandA. laboriosaissue several swarms. In some colonies, so many bees swarmed out, that those remaining in the maternal colonies did not cover the combs. After the rest of the brood emerged, all the bees of such colonies abscond during the swarming period. Thus, absconding appeared in results of total out swarming. The swarms do not migrate directly to the seasonal alternative nesting sites, but establish new colonies in the areas around. After environmental conditions deteriorate, all the bees with their queens abscond and migrate to alternate seasonal nesting sites. The next season, the swarms do not return to their original reproductive natal sites, but to those sites they occupied the previous season lately, where from they absconded.
Effects of the Age of Grafted Larvae and the Effects of Supplemental Feeding on Some Morphological Characteristics of Iranian Queen Honey Bees (Apis mellifera meda Skorikov, 1929)
Authors: Mahbobi Ali , Farshineh-Adl Mohammadbagher , Woyke Jerzy , Abbasi Saeed
Published: June 2012

Effects of the Age of Grafted Larvae and the Effects of Supplemental Feeding on Some Morphological Characteristics of Iranian Queen Honey Bees (Apis mellifera medaSkorikov, 1929)

The research was conducted at the apiary of the Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University in Zanjan, Iran. Queens were reared in 24Apis mellifera medahoney bee rearing colonies. The colonies were assigned to 4 grafting larvae age groups; 1 day old larvae, 2 day old larvae, and 3 day old larvae, and the last group reared emergency queen cells. The groups were divided into the 2 feeding groups: fed additionally and no fed. The effects of the age of the grafted larvae and the effects of supplemental feeding on 9 morphological characteristics of queens were measured. The results showed that the age of the larvae significantly affected the morphological characteristics of reared queens, and thus, their quality. Queens reared from 1 day old larvae were of the highest quality. These queens were significantly heavier (158.83 mg) and had significantly larger spermatheca (0.99 mm3) than queens reared from larvae 2 and 3 days old. Queens from emergency queen cells were of lower quality than queens reared from 1 day old larvae. However, queens from emergency queen cells were of higher quality than queens reared from 3 day old larvae. The supplemental feeding significantly increased most morphological characteristics of the reared queens. The different ages of the larvae did not significantly affect the wing length nor did supplemental feeding affect the wing length.
Changes in the Antioxidative System of the Red Mason Bee (Osmia Rufa) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Induced by Artificially Elongated Diapause
Authors: Dmochowska Kamila , Giejdasz Karol , Fliszkiewicz Monika , Żółtowska Krystyna
Published: June 2012

Changes in the Antioxidative System of the Red Mason Bee (Osmia Rufa) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Induced by Artificially Elongated Diapause

Osmia rufa as a polylectic insect is used in the pollination of numerous plants. The usefulness of this insect for plant breeders is considerably limited because of the short flight periods of the insects in the natural environment. In order to break this limitation, the wintering period of the insects in cocoons is elongated. The temperature is maintained at 4°C up to the time of plant blooming. This treatment does shortens the lifetime of the insects which may be the result of oxidative stress. Such results led to the examination of the selected components of antioxidative system. These components are: total antioxidative status, content of glutathione and activity of peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase in O. rufa emerged in spring, according to their biological clock, and emerged in summer - after elongated diapause. It was observed that diapause elongation unprofitably influenced the antioxidative system of a bee. A statistically significant decrease in total antioxidative status, and activity of both antioixidative enzymes - peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase, was noted. The changes in the glutathione level in turn, were insignificant. In our opinion, the lower efficiency of antioxidative systems of the red mason bee emerged in summer, may limit their response ability to endo- and exogenous factors influencing oxidative stress. The results of our study are the first publication concerning an antioxidative system in mason bees.
Propagation of Misinformation About Frequencies of RFTs/RCTs in Education
Authors: Skidmore Susan Troncoso , Thompson Bruce
Published: June 2012

In this article, the authors examine the interconnections among education researchers’ misconceptions about the quality of the education research literature. Specifically, the authors catalog the sequence of events that, when taken together with a series of contradictory graphs presented by influential scholars in prominent settings, may have gratuitously damaged the already fragile reputation of education research as a field. The authors’ “take-home” messages emphasize the importance of both critically evaluating the claims and warrants of our scholar colleagues and being aware of our natural tendencies, often unconscious, toward confirmation bias.
Learning Trajectory Based Instruction
Authors: Sztajn Paola , Confrey Jere , Wilson P. Holt , Edgington Cynthia
Published: June 2012

In this article, we propose a theoretical connection between research on learning and research on teaching through recent research on students’ learning trajectories (LTs). We define learning trajectory based instruction (LTBI) as teaching that uses students’ LTs as the basis for instructional decisions. We use mathematics as the context for our argument, first examining current research on LTs and then examining emerging research on how mathematics teachers use LTs to support their teaching. We consider how LTs provide specificity to four highly used frameworks for examining mathematics teaching, namely mathematical knowledge for teaching, task analysis, discourse facilitation practices, and formative assessment. We contend that by unifying various teaching frameworks around the science of LTs, LTBI begins to define a theory of teaching organized around and grounded in research on student learning. Thus, moving from the accumulation of various frameworks into a reorganization of the frameworks, LTBI provides an integrated explanatory framework for teaching.
The Strange Case of the Changing Graph
Authors: Robinson Daniel H.
Published: June 2012

Skidmore and Thompson (this issue of Educational Researcher) imply that a graph was changed with the intent to promote more experimental research in education. In this response, the author presents evidence that challenges this implication and concludes that the changed graph does not accurately capture the declining trend of experimental methods in education research.
Things (We Now Believe) We Know
Authors: Skidmore Susan Troncoso , Thompson Bruce
Published: June 2012

The present article responds briefly to the comments, in this issue of Educational Researcher, of Petrosino and of Robinson to the “Propagation of Misinformation About Frequencies of RFTs/RCTs in Education: A Cautionary Tale.” The authors emphasize that the context of how the quality of education research is perceived both within and outside the field creates the milieu for evaluating the ultimate impacts of misinformation about that quality. They note that related concerns have been detailed in various American Educational Research Association journal articles and in other reports for decades.
Reflections on “The Graph”
Authors: Petrosino Anthony
Published: June 2012

This article responds to arguments by Skidmore and Thompson (this issue of Educational Researcher) that a graph published more than 10 years ago was erroneously reproduced and “gratuitously damaged” perceptions of the quality of education research. After describing the purpose of the original graph, the author counters assertions that the graph changed perceptions or that this was anything more than a case of unintentional editorial sloppiness.
‘When I was your age’: Bearing Witness in Holocaust Education in Montreal
Authors: Zembrzycki Stacey , High Steven
Published: June 2012

Abstract:

If Holocaust survivor testimony has been the subject of enormous public attention, the educational activism of these survivors has been largely overlooked. Recorded interviews, like public testimonies, have tended to focus on their wartime experiences and specifically the violence they endured. Consequently, little time has been spent exploring their postwar lives and the central role that many have played in Holocaust education. Taking survivors’ work seriously allows us to view testimony from a different angle. The reasons they bear witness and how their stories touch and inform those who listen to them become just as significant as what is said.
Programmable shunt valve affected by exposure to a tablet computer
Authors: Strahle Jennifer , Selzer Béla J. , Muraszko Karin M. , Garton Hugh J. L. , Maher Cormac O.
Published: June 2012

Object

The authors investigated the effect of a tablet computer on performance-level settings of a programmable shunt valve.

Methods

Magnetic field strength near the tablet computer with and without a cover was recorded at distances between 0 and 100 mm. Programmable valves were exposed to the tablet device at distances of less than 1 cm, 1–2.5 cm, 2.5–5 cm, 5–10 cm, and greater than 10 cm. For each distance tested, the valves were exposed 100 times to the tablet with the cover, resulting in 500 total valve exposures. The tablet alone, without the cover, was also tested at distances of less than 1 cm for 30 valve exposures. Changes in valve performance-level settings were recorded.

Results

The maximum recorded magnetic flux density of a tablet with a cover was 17.0 mT, and the maximum recorded magnetic flux density of the tablet alone was 7.6 mT. In 100 exposures at distances between 0 and 1 cm, 58% of valves had different settings following exposure. At distances greater than 1 cm but less than 2.5 cm, 5% of valves in 100 exposures had setting changes. Only a single setting change was noted in 100 exposures at distances greater than 2.5 cm but less than 5 cm. No setting changes were noted at distances greater than 5 cm, including 100 exposures between 5 and 10 cm, and 100 exposures of more than 10 cm. For the 30 valve exposures to the tablet without a cover, 20 valve performance-level changes (67%) were noted.

Conclusions

Based on these results, exposure to tablet devices may alter programmable shunt valve settings.
Seasonal variations of 17 O-excess and d-excess in snow precipitation at Vostok station, East Antarctica
Authors: Landais A. , Ekaykin A. , Barkan E. , Winkler R. , Luz B.
Published: June 2012

The use of water isotopes in polar regions is essential for reconstructing past climate over glacial-interglacial cycles. In addition to δD or δ18O, linearly related to condensation temperature, the second-order parameters, d-excess and 17O-excess, provide important information on the climatic conditions of the source of precipitations. In order to best interpret the glacial-interglacial records of d-excess and 17O-excess in polar ice cores, it is important to document their present variability, especially in remote and cold regions of East Antarctica. Indeed, the current climatic conditions encountered in these regions provide a good analogy with glacial climatic conditions in a large part of Antarctica. Here we present the first seasonal variations of 17O-excess and d-excess at Vostok station on an event basis (i.e. samples were collected immediately after each precipitation event) over 1 year. These records show strong correlation between 17O-excess and δ18O over the course of the year, with an amplitude 40 per meg (10-3%) in the 17O-excess seasonal cycle, and strong anticorrelation between d-excess and δ18O, with d-excess variations up to 20%. The d-excess and 17O-excess variations can be explained by the influence of kinetic fractionation at very low temperatures. The comparison with simple isotopic models confirms this explanation, but cannot explain the link between 17O-excess, d-excess and temperature without (1) a particular relationship between condensation and surface temperature and/or (2) seasonal changes in the climatic conditions of the source regions
Pollen morphology of four endemic species of Pedicularis L. from alpine zone of the Deosai Plateau, Himalayan range
Authors: Bano Abida , Ahmad Mushtaq , Khan Mir Ajab , Zafar Muhammad , Sultana Shazia , Ullah Zahid
Published: June 2012

The pollen morphology with special reference to exine sculpturing of four species of the genus Pedicularis L. has been examined by light and scanning electron microscope. Comparative pollen analysis was made based on the type of pollen, shape in polar and equatorial views, P/E ratio, exine thickness and sculpturing of pollen. In this study, two types of pollen aperture configuration known in the genus were observed i.e., trisyncolpate and bi-syncolpate. Pollen grains with microscabrate ornamentation were found in bi-syncolpate pollen for the first time. Pollen fertility estimation ranged from 87-95%, which shows that pollen flora of selected species is well established in Alpine zone.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v19i1.10935Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 19(1): 1-5, 2012 (June)
Ethnoveterinary medicinal practices in tribal regions of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Pragada Prayaga Murty , Rao Geddada Mohan Narasimha
Published: June 2012

The present communication deals with the plants used to treat common diseases in cattle and pet animals in the tribal belts of Andhra Pradesh, India. For the purpose of the ethnoveterinary practices, 108 plant species belonging to 99 genera and 51 families were identified. The present study reveals that leafy parts rank first, among the various plant parts used to treat different ailments of the livestock.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v19i1.10936Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 19(1): 7-16, 2012 (June)
Five new records of aroids for Bangladesh
Authors: Ara Hosne , Hassan Md. Abul
Published: June 2012

The paper deals with five species of the family Araceae which are new records for Bangladesh, viz. Amorphophallus excentricus Hett., A. krausei Engl., Colocasia virosa Kunth, Steudnera gagei Krause and Xanthosoma undipes (K. Koch) K. Koch. An updated nomenclature, important synonyms, description, phenology, ecology, specimen citation and geographical distribution are provided for each species.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v19i1.10937Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 19(1): 17-23, 2012 (June)
Angiosperm flora of Rampahar Reserve Forest under Rangamati district in Bangladesh. I. Liliopsida (Monocots)
Authors: Uddin Sarder Nasir , Hassan Md. Abul
Published: June 2012

A systematic floristic study of Rampahar reserve forest under Rangamati district in Bangladesh has revealed 89 monocot (Liliopsida) taxa belonging to 66 genera under 15 families. Out of these recorded taxa, 73 are herbs, 9 climbers, 3 bamboos, 3 reeds and 1 tree species. The area harbours 11 threatened species of the country. Updated nomenclature with full reference citation, habit and representative specimen have been provided for each species. Well known synonyms and local name(s) have also been given in some cases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v19i1.10940Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 19(1): 37-44, 2012 (June)
Ethno-medico botanical study among the four indigenous communities of Bandarban, Bangladesh
Authors: Mohiuddin Mohammed , Alam Md. Khairul , Basak Sukla Rani , Hossain M. Kamal
Published: June 2012

This paper provides ethno-botanical information on 70 plant species under 36 families and these species were in common use among the Bwam, the Marma, the Murang and the Tanchangya communities of Bandarban hill district. Ethno-medicinal uses along with their scientific names, families, local names, voucher numbers and uses are enumerated. Quantitative analysis shows that the Marma tribe uses the higher number of species followed by the Tanchangya, the Murang and the Bwam. Similarity index indicates that the Marma, the Tanchangya and the Murang have higher similarities for ethno-botanical knowledge among four tribes. The most widely used medicinal plants are Cassia obtusifolia L., Centella asiatica (L) Urban., Costus speciosus Smith, Emilia sonchifolia DC., Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) Roxb., Melothria indica Lour. and Premna esculenta Roxb. Fever, cough, menstrual problem, diarrhoea, dysentery, tumor and skin diseases seem to be common problems treated using plants by the tribal communities in Bandarban district.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v19i1.10941Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 19(1): 45-53, 2012 (June)
Three new species of Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) from Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman M. Atiqur , Yusuf M.
Published: June 2012

Three new species of the Section Masantha Horan. of the genus Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae), viz., C. roxburghii Rahman et Yusuf, C. wallichii Rahman et Yusuf and C. wilcockii Rahman et Yusuf from Bangladesh are described and illustrated. These species were collected from the forests of Rangamati, Moulvi Bazar, Sylhet and Tangail districts. Diagnostic morphological characters from closely related taxa are discussed. A key to the Bangladesh species of Section Masantha Horan. is presented.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v19i1.10944Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 19(1): 79-84, 2012 (June)
New records of Euglenophyceae for Bangladesh
Authors: Gani Md. Ataul , Alfasane Md. Almujaddade , Khondker Moniruzzaman
Published: June 2012

Eight newly recorded species of Euglenophyceae from Bangladesh have been illustrated and described in the present paper. The species are Euglena fundoversata L.P. Johnson, E. korshikovii Gojdics, E. minuta Prescott, E. sacculiformis Schiller, Lepocinclis truncata Da Cunha, Phacus pusillus Lemn., P. strongylus Pochm. and P. wettsteini Drez.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v19i1.10945Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 19(1): 85-88, 2012 (June)
Ethnogynaecological uses of plants from Gujarat, India
Authors: Patel P.K. , Patel M.K.
Published: June 2012

Not available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v19i1.10947Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 19(1): 93-94, 2012 (June)
Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C. DC. (Meliaceae) - An exotic species in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md. Khairul , Basak Sukla Rani , Alam Syedul
Published: June 2012

Not available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v19i1.10948Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 19(1): 95-97, 2012 (June)
Handling the ‘Problem Child’ – Approaches of the Fascist State in Johann Gross's Spiegelgrund and the Modern Democratic State in Mikael Engström's Isdraken
Authors: Gremm Anastasia
Published: June 2012

In public discourse, children and their well-being have always been an important point of discussion: improvements in schooling, extension of social welfare and higher involvement of social services are implemented in order to provide ‘problem children’ in particular with everything they need and to remove social inequity. Nevertheless, it may be argued that such measures are not primarily taken to ensure the well-being of the actual child. Rather, they serve the purpose of reproducing the dynamics of the current social hierarchy by exploiting that which is the concept of ‘the child’ – a term based more on the wishes, aims and expectations of adults than on those of the actual child. With this in mind, this article will discuss how two contemporary publications for young readers reveal how the male ‘problem child’ in particular is used in Western societies in order to perpetuate the current social hierarchy and its gender-driven processes of power distribution that turn out to be much more apt to maintain social inequity than to eliminate it.
Grandparents Reveal Their Secrets: A New Holocaust Narrative for the Young ‘Third Generation’ in Israel
Authors: Darr Yael
Published: June 2012

Since the 1990s, a new type of Holocaust story has been emerging in Israeli children's literature. This new narrative is directed towards very young children, from preschool to the first years of elementary school, and its official goal is to instil in them an authentic ‘first Holocaust memory’.

This essay presents the literary characteristics of this new Holocaust narrative for children and its master narrative. It brings into light a new profile of both writers and readers. The writers were young children during the Holocaust, and first chose to tell their stories from the safe distance of three generations. The readers are their grand-children and their grand-children's peers, who are assigned an essential role as listeners.

These generational roles – the roles of a First Generation of writers and of a Third Generation of readers – are intrinsically familial ones. As such, they mark a significant change in the profile of yet another important figure in the Israeli intergenerational Holocaust discourse, the agent of the Holocaust story for children. Due to the new literary initiatives, the task of providing young children with a ‘first Holocaust memory’ is transferred from the educational authority, where it used to reside, to the domestic sphere.