bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TUBAL STERILIZATION REVERSAL: IS THERE ANY ROLE IN THIS MODERN ERA OF ART?
Authors: Rizvi Sarwat , Jafri Anum , Haider Rubar
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectives:To determine the clinical pregnancy rate and to evaluate the factors affecting pregnancy rate following tubal recanalization.Study Design:Descriptive case series.Sampling Technique:Consecutive sampling.Setting / Duration of Study:The study was conduc-ted at Lady Willingdon Hospital Lahore, from January 2010 to March 2014.Methodology:Fifty nine women were included who underwent tubal re-anastomosis at Lady Willingdon Hospital Lahore.Inclusion Criteria:Patients undergone tubal ligation, no other female cause of infertility, normal semen ana-lysis.Surgical Procedure:Patients underwent tubal re-anastomosis through laparotomy. 4-quadrant suture technique was used.Data Analysis:Data was collected and entered into SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics were computed and differences between groups were assessed through Chi square test where it was required. P-value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results:Out of 59 patients we could follow only 55 patients for clinical pregnancy as rest of 4 were lost for follow-up. Pregnancy rate, intrauterine ongoing pregnancy, miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy were the main outcome measures. Over all pregnancy rate was 34.5% (19/55), intrauterine pregnancy rate was 84.2% (16/19), term viable pregnancy was 68.8% (11/16). Spontaneous abortions were 31.3% (5/16) and ectopic pregnancy rate was 15.8% (3/19).Conclusions:The important prognostic factors for the success of tubal recanalization are age of the patient, sterilization/reversal interval, site of sterilization, method used for sterilization and length of the tube after reanastomosis. The technique is feasible, simple and less time consuming with good intrauterine pregnancy rate. Key Words:Tubal reanastomosis, Tubal recanalization, Pregnancy rate, Tubal sterilization.
Functional Improvement after Sub-Acromial Corticosteroid Injection in Patient with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Karim Khalid , Sah Ranjit Kumar , Rasheed Abdul , Awais Syed Muhammad
Published: June 2016

Background:  Sub-acromial impingement syndrome (SAIS) is the most common disorder of shoulder. Conservative treatment is the first choice, often with corticosteroid injection or different physiotherapy interventions, or both. So we aimed to assess the mean reduction in shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) score after administration of sub-acromial corticosteroid injections for management of SAIS.Objectives:  To determine the mean reduction in SPADI score after administration of Sub-acromial corticosteroid injections for management of sub-acromial impingement syndrome.Material and Methods:  The Quasi – experimental study was conducted in Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Hospital Lahore from November 2013 to august 2014. 150 cases were enrolled in this study. Then baseline SPADI score was noted. Patients were injected with sub-acromial injections of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide mixed with 4.5 ml of 2% lignocaine under aseptic measures. All patients did exercises, consisting of pendulum and range of motion under care of physiotherapist. Each patient was followed-up in OPD for assessment of shoulder function according to SPADI score at 1, 3 and 6 weeks after administration of injection. The result was analyzed by using SPSS version 16.Results:  The mean age of the patients was 44.58 ± 11.48 years. There were 46.67% males and 53.33% females in this study. The mean SPADI score of the patients at baseline was noted as 75.94 ± 7.73 which was reduced to 46.25 ± 5.62 after 6 weeks.Conclusion:  Our study results concluded that Sub-acromial corticosteroid injection is effective in treatment of shoulder impingement syndrome.
Frequency of Restrictive Pulmonary Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Saleem Sheraz , Hussain Imtiaz , Abaidullah Sajid
Published: June 2016

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of restrictive pulmonary dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients.Study Design:  Cross – sectional Study.Setting:  Outpatient clinic of Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore.Subject and Methods:  One hundred and seventy patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, presented in outpatient department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore with inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. After taking informed consent, pulmonary function tests were performed. Patients were explained about the risks and benefits while their identity was kept confidential. The demographic information of the patients like name, age, sex, height and weight were collected. Digital spirometer was used to perform pulmonary function tests. FEV1 / FVC Ratio more than 80% or normal, was considered as restrictive defect and Ratio less than 80%, was considered as obstructive defect. All collected information was s recorded on pre-designed Performa (attached). Effect modifying factors like duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus and smoking status (smoker and non smoker) were address through data stratification.Results:  In this study, we included one hundred and seventy type 2 diabetic patients. The mean age was 54.32 ± 19.08 years. There were 122 (71.8%) males and 48 (28.2%) females. The mean height was 161.59 cm. The mean FVC was 107.78 ± 20.31. The mean FEV1 was 94.09 ± 27.72. The mean FEV1 / FVC% was 104.762 ± 24.93. In 28 (16.5%) cases restrictive pathology was observed, 3 (1.8%) cases had obstructive pathology and 139 (81.8%) cases had normal lung function tests.Conclusion:  In this study we concluded that the target organ for diabetic injury was lung. It was responsible for restrictive diseases of lung. More research work required to rule out pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical significance.
Platelet Aggregation: Prognostic Marker in Burn Survival
Authors: Bajwa Muhammad Haisum Maqsood , Khan Sungeen
Published: June 2016

Burns are a global public health problem. They account for an estimated 265,000 deaths annually1. An accurate and objective tool for prognosis in patients with severe burns would be extremely valuable to medical professionals. Allowing doctors to forecast the probable outcome of burns and the prospects of recovery as indicated by the nature of the burns and the symptoms of the case.2      Traditionally, prediction of mortality among these patients has been made by employing Total Burn Sur-face Area and the patient’s age.3, 4 The relationship of platelet aggregation with mortality in burn victims has not been studied extensively and demands further exploration.
Iatrogenic Bowel injuries following D&C
Authors: Saadia Zaheera , Khan Aamer Zaman , Bhutta Amir , Arid Khalid Javaid , Naheed Fahmida
Published: June 2016

Iatrogenic bowel injuries are a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Comparison of complicated cases of Dilatation and Curettage done in the hospital with those referred after some form of complication of the same procedure done outside the hospital revealed a significantly higher prevalence (p < 0.05) of bowel involvement amongst the referred cases. Post treatment results were encouraging and no maternal death occurred in the hospital operated group however 7 out of 40 mothers died amongst the referred group (p < 0.05). We reached at the conclusion that maternal morbidity and mortality due to bowel injuries can be lowered significantly by early surgical intervention and policy makers should take notice of this sensitive issue to abolish performance of this procedure by unqualified personnel and in unsupervised envoirment.
Primary Amenorrhoea - A review of 26 Cases
Authors: Iqbal Farhat , I Naheed
Published: June 2016

This is a study of twenty six subjects who presented to Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore 1999-2001 and were cases of primary amenorrhoea 20(76.9%) of patient presented between 15-25 years of age. Five (19.2%) had lower abdominal pain. Secondary sex characters were developed in 69.2%. Uterus was absent in 4(15.5%) and ovaries were present in 17(65.5%). FSH was high >40mIU in 12(46.5%) and low <3mIU in 2(7%), 14(53.5%) were put on HRT 1(3.8%) had gonadectomy. 5(19.3%) patients had imperforate hymen, where excision was done. It was concluded that detailed history, through clinical examination and minimal investigations are required to diagnose cases of primary amenorrhoea.
Safety and effectiveness of combined antihypertensive and cholesterol-lowering therapy in high-/very high-risk patients
Authors: Kónyi Attila , Sárszegi Zsolt , Hild Gábor , Gaszner Balázs
Published: June 2016

Aim:
Controlling cardiovascular (CV) risk factors is paramount in reducing atherosclerotic events. This 6-month prospective noninterventional trial assessed the safety and effectiveness of fixed-combination lisinopril–amlodipine plus rosuvastatin.
Patients & methods:
Patients with mild/moderate hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, at high-/very high-CV risk, received lisinopril–amlodipine (10/5, 20/5 or 20/10 mg/day) plus rosuvastatin (10 or 20 mg/day). Primary end points: systolic/diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Results:
At 6 months, 91% of 2241 evaluable patients achieved blood pressure target (<140/90 mmHg); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets, <3, <2.5 and 1.8 mmol/l, were achieved by 67, 49 and 40% of patients, respectively. Adverse events (4.4%) were mostly mild.
Conclusion:
Lisinopril–amlodipine plus rosuvastatin was well tolerated and effective in patients with mild/moderate hypertension and hypercholesterolemia at high/very high CV risk.
Chromium (VI) removal from aqueous solutions using a polyethylenimine - epichlorohydrin resin
Authors: Sarri Sofia , Misaelides Panagiotis , Zamboulis Dimitrios , Noli Fotini , Warchoł Jolanta , Pinakidou Fani , Katsikini Maria
Published: June 2016

The ability of a synthesized polyethylenimine - epichlorohydrin resin to
remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions was investigated in absence (initial pH
2 to 7) and presence of background electrolytes (NaNO3 and Na2SO4 solutions
of initial pH 3 and 6). The determined Cr-uptake was significantly higher
than the one reported for the majority of other sorbents. The
photo-metrically determined uptake data were modeled by the Langmuir,
Redlich-Peterson, Langmuir-Freundlich, and Toth equations. The modeling
results did not point out any preference to one specific model in terms of
the goodness-of-fit and the prediction of maximum sorption capacity. The
Cr-sorption kinetics was investigated at 15, 25, 35 and 45 oC using
51Cr-labeled solutions and ?-ray spectroscopy. The Cr-sorption was very fast
at all studied temperatures and well reproduced by the pseudo-second order
kinetics equation. Rate constant and activation energy values were
calculated using the experimental data. The Cr-loaded resin was also
examined by XRD, XPS, XAFS and SEM/EDS. The XPS and XAFS investigations
indicated a partial reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The environmental
compatibility of the Cr-loaded resin was examined using the EPA-TCLP method.
The Cr-binding by the resin was very stable and regeneration attempts by HCl
solutions of pH 3 were rather unsuccessful.
AAVP Recommendations for Core Competency Standards Relating to Parasitological Knowledge and Skills
Authors: Snowden Karen F. , Krecek Rosina C. , Bowman Dwight D.
Published: June 2016

As part of the accreditation process, the American Veterinary Medical Association Council on Education has defined nine broad areas of core competencies that must be met by graduating students earning a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree. To define competencies in veterinary parasitology, the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists (AAVP) has developed a detailed list of knowledge and skills that are recommended for inclusion in professional curricula. These recommendations were developed by instructors from colleges/schools of veterinary medicine in the US, Canada, and the Caribbean, and were reviewed and endorsed following AAVP guidelines.
Nutrition Education in European Veterinary Schools: Are European Veterinary Graduates Competent in Nutrition?
Authors: Becvarova Iveta , Prochazka Daniel , Chandler Marjorie L. , Meyer Hein
Published: June 2016

Knowledge of nutrition is vital for veterinarians to inform owners about care of healthy pets and management of disease. Owners wish to have information from the veterinary health care team (VHT), and graduate veterinarians should be sufficiently educated to provide evidence-based information. Many veterinary practitioners feel that their veterinary school education in small-animal nutrition was insufficient. This survey presents the information on nutrition education in 63 European veterinary schools, including attitudes about teaching of nutrition, importance of nutrition, satisfaction of graduate performance and skills in nutrition, existing and required curriculum hours in nutrition, existing and required teaching staff, and barriers to achieving adequate teaching. The questionnaire was provided online to university deans and faculty members. The majority of schools felt that nutrition was important, but lacked staff numbers or knowledge to teach adequately. Many were also restricted by a crowded curriculum. Potential solutions include hiring a nutritionist, outsourcing nutrition education, and/or using online materials.
An Investigation into the Clinical Reasoning Development of Veterinary Students
Authors: Vinten Claire E.K. , Cobb Kate A. , Freeman Sarah L. , Mossop Liz H.
Published: June 2016

Clinical reasoning is a fundamental skill for veterinary clinicians and a competency required of graduates by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. However, it is unknown how veterinary students develop reasoning skills and where strengths and shortcomings of curricula lie. This research aimed to use the University of Nottingham School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS) as a case study to investigate the development of clinical reasoning among veterinary students. The analysis was framed in consideration of the taught, learned, and declared curricula. Sixteen staff and sixteen students from the SVMS participated separately in a total of four focus groups. In addition, five interviews were conducted with recent SVMS graduates. Audio transcriptions were used to conduct a thematic analysis. A content analysis was performed on all curriculum documentation. It was found that SVMS graduates feel they have a good level of reasoning ability, but they still experience a deficit in their reasoning capabilities when starting their first job. Overarching themes arising from the data suggest that a lack of responsibility for clinical decisions during the program and the embedded nature of the clinical reasoning skill within the curriculum could be restricting development. In addition, SVMS students would benefit from clinical reasoning training where factors influencing “real life” decisions (e.g., finances) are explored in more depth. Integrating these factors into the curriculum could lead to improved decision-making ability among SVMS graduates and better prepare students for the stressful transition to practice. These findings are likely to have implications for other veterinary curricula.
Accurate Characterization of Winter Precipitation Using Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera, Visual Hull, Advanced Scattering Methods and Polarimetric Radar
Authors: Notaroš Branislav , Bringi Viswanathan , Kleinkort Cameron , Kennedy Patrick , Huang Gwo-Jong , Thurai Merhala , Newman Andrew , Bang Wonbae , Lee GyuWon
Published: June 2016

This article proposes and presents a novel approach to the characterization of winter precipitation and modeling of radar observables through a synergistic use of advanced optical disdrometers for microphysical and geometrical measurements of ice and snow particles (in particular, a multi-angle snowflake camera—MASC), image processing methodology, advanced method-of-moments scattering computations, and state-of-the-art polarimetric radars. The article also describes the newly built and established MASCRAD (MASC + Radar) in-situ measurement site, under the umbrella of CSU-CHILL Radar, as well as the MASCRAD project and 2014/2015 winter campaign. We apply a visual hull method to reconstruct 3D shapes of ice particles based on high-resolution MASC images, and perform “particle-by-particle” scattering computations to obtain polarimetric radar observables. The article also presents and discusses selected illustrative observation data, results, and analyses for three cases with widely-differing meteorological settings that involve contrasting hydrometeor forms. Illustrative results of scattering calculations based on MASC images captured during these events, in comparison with radar data, as well as selected comparative studies of snow habits from MASC, 2D video-disdrometer, and CHILL radar data, are presented, along with the analysis of microphysical characteristics of particles. In the longer term, this work has potential to significantly improve the radar-based quantitative winter-precipitation estimation.
NMOS-Based Integrated Modular Bypass for Use in Solar Systems (NIMBUS): Intelligent Bypass for Reducing Partial Shading Power Loss in Solar Panel Applications
Authors: Bauwens Pieter , Doutreloigne Jan
Published: June 2016

NMOS-based Integrated Modular Bypass for Use in Solar systems (NIMBUS) is designed as a replacement for the traditional bypass diode, used in common solar panels. Because of the series connection between the individual solar cells, the power output of a photovoltaic (PV) panel will drop disproportionally under partial shading. Currently, this is solved by dividing the PV panel into substrings, each with a diode bypass placed in parallel. This allows an alternative current path. However, the diodes still have a significant voltage drop (about 350 mV), and due to the fairly large currents in a panel, the diodes are dissipating power that we would rather see at the output of the panel. The NIMBUS chip, being a low-voltage-drop switch, aims to replace these diodes and, thus, reduce that power loss. NIMBUS is a smart bypass: a completely stand-alone system that detects the failing of one or more cells and activates when necessary. It is designed for a 100-mV voltage drop under a 5-A load current. When two or more NIMBUS chips are placed in parallel, an internal synchronization circuit ensures proper operation to provide for larger load currents. This paper will elaborate on the operation, design and implementation of the NIMBUS chip, as well as on the first measurements.
Sliding Mode Variable Structure Control of a Bearingless Induction Motor Based on a Novel Reaching Law
Authors: Yang Zebin , Wan Ling , Sun Xiaodong , Li Fangli , Chen Lin
Published: June 2016

In order to improve the performance of the Bearingless Induction Motor (BIM) under large disturbances (such as parameter variations and load disturbances), an adaptive variable-rated sliding mode controller (ASMC) is designed to obtain better performance of the speed regulation system. Firstly, the L 1 norm of state variables is applied to the conventional exponential reaching law and an adaptive variable-rated exponential reaching law is proposed to reduce system chattering and improve bad convergence performance of the sliding mode variable structure. Secondly, an integral sliding-mode hyper plane is produced according to the speed error in speed regulation system of BIM. Current signal is extracted by the combination of the sliding-mode hyper plane, the electromagnetic torque and the equation of motion. Finally, the feedback speed can adjust operating state adaptively according to speed error and make system chattering-free moving. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed ASMC can not only enhance the robustness of the system’s uncertainties, but also improve the dynamic performance and suppress system chattering.
Joachim Heinrich Campe’s Robinson the Younger: Universal Moral Foundations and Intercultural Relations
Authors: Nitschke Claudia
Published: June 2016

In his adaptation of Robinson Crusoe, Campe sets out to examine the legitimacy of his contemporary social reality (in Europe in the broadest sense) by tracing its origin back to the most basic roots conceivable. The experimental character of his book is emphasised and—to an extent—explicitly introduced through the frame narrative which constitutes Campe’s most important addition to Defoe’s story: Here the emergence of the rules and routines are extensively mooted by the father (who relates Robinson’s story as a framed narrative) and his children who still have to internalise, grasp, and situate the moral rules around them and frequently offer divergent perspectives in the process. The frame narrative connects the moral “ontogeny” of the children to the “phylogenetics” of civilisation and suggests that both can be superimposed on one another. I will work with concepts that focus on the differentiation between “innate” moral characteristics and their social transformation on a cognitive, evolutionary level, from which Campe clearly deviates. However, his short-circuiting of the individual and the phylogeny leads to very similar specifications as laid out by, for instance, Moral Foundations Theory.
Serum Concentrations of Selected Heavy Metals in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis from the Lublin Region in Eastern Poland
Authors: Prystupa Andrzej , Błażewicz Anna , Kiciński Paweł , Sak Jarosław , Niedziałek Jarosław , Załuska Wojciech
Published: June 2016

According to the WHO report, alcohol is the third most significant health risk factor for the global population. There are contrary reports about heavy metals concentrations in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to investigate serum concentrations of selected heavy metals in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis living in the eastern part of Poland according to cirrhosis stage. The participants came from various hospitals of the Lublin region were enrolled. The study group included 46 male and 16 female patients. The control group consisted of 18 healthy individuals without liver disease. High Performance Ion Chromatography was used to determine the concentrations of metal ions (Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, and Pb) in serum samples. The concentrations of copper, zinc, nickel, and cobalt were found to be significantly lower in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis compared to the control group. The serum concentration of cadmium was significantly higher in patients with advanced alcoholic liver cirrhosis compared to the control group. We hypothesize that disorders of metabolism of heavy metals seem to be the outcome of impaired digestion and absorption, which are common in cirrhosis, improper diet, environmental and occupational exposure.
A Bibliometric Analysis of PubMed Literature on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
Authors: Wang Zhengting , Chen Yongdi , Cai Gaofeng , Jiang Zhenggang , Liu Kui , Chen Bin , Jiang Jianmin , Gu Hua
Published: June 2016

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), a pandemic threat to human beings, has aroused huge concern worldwide, but no bibliometric studies have been conducted on MERS research. The aim of this study was to map research productivity on the disease based on the articles indexed in PubMed. The articles related to MERS dated from 2012 to 2015 were retrieved from PubMed. The articles were classified into three categories according to their focus. Publication outputs were assessed and frequently used terms were mapped using the VOS viewer software. A total of 443 articles were included for analysis. They were published in 162 journals, with Journal of Virology being the most productive (44 articles; 9.9%) and by six types of organizations, with universities being the most productive (276 articles; 62.4%).The largest proportion of the articles focused on basic medical sciences and clinical studies (47.2%) and those on prevention and control ranked third (26.2%), with those on other focuses coming in between (26.6%). The articles on prevention and control had the highest mean rank for impact factor (IF) (226.34), followed by those on basic medical sciences and clinical studies (180.23) and those on other focuses (168.03). The mean rank differences were statistically significant (p = 0.000). Besides, “conronavirus”, “case”, “transmission” and “detection” were found to be the most frequently used terms. The findings of this first bibliometric study on MERS suggest that the prevention and control of the disease has become a big concern and related research should be strengthened.
Uneasy Bedfellows: Social Justice and Neo-Liberal Practice in the Housing Market
Authors: Martel Andrew
Published: June 2016

The Australian state has ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), which emphasizes a social justice-based, personalized service delivery model. The upcoming National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) reflects this model and aims to facilitate people living with a disability being able to access services while housed within the private residential market, a move away from a state-based combined residential/service care model. However, in Australia’s neo-liberal housing market government intervention tends to shy away from policies that overtly impose restrictions on private firms. Therefore, in the absence of a subsidy from the state, the CRPD is of limited use in encouraging private developers to improve the appropriateness of its new built stock for people with a disability. A more persuasive approach is to highlight the size, diversity, and economic power of the disability-friendly housing consumer market when housing provision is separated from disability care delivery. This paper examines the feasibility of sustaining innovation in the volume builder housing market by aligning accessibility promoting changes to the existing innovation channels within Australian firms, suggesting that the NDIS concentrate on assisting the housing industry transition to a make-to-order model from the current make-to-forecast one.
The Graphene/l-Cysteine/Gold-Modified Electrode for the Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry Detection of Trace Levels of Cadmium
Authors: Song Yu , Bian Chao , Tong Jianhua , Li Yang , Xia Shanghong
Published: June 2016

Cadmium(II) is a common water pollutant with high toxicity. It is of significant importance for detecting aqueous contaminants accurately, as these contaminants are harmful to human health and environment. This paper describes the fabrication, characterization, and application of an environment-friendly graphene (Gr)/l-cysteine/gold electrode to detect trace levels of cadmium (Cd) by differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV). The influence of hydrogen overflow was decreased and the current response was enhanced because the modified graphene extended the potential range of the electrode. The Gr/l-cysteine/gold electrode showed high electrochemical conductivity, producing a marked increase in anodic peak currents (vs. the glass carbon electrode (GCE) and boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode). The calculated detection limits are 1.15, 0.30, and 1.42 µg/L, and the sensitivities go up to 0.18, 21.69, and 152.0 nA·mm−2·µg−1·L for, respectively, the BDD electrode, the GCE, and the Gr/l-cysteine/gold electrode. It was shown that the Gr/l-cysteine/gold-modified electrode is an effective means for obtaining highly selective and sensitive electrodes to detect trace levels of cadmium.
Secular Volunteerism among Texan Emerging Adults: Exploring Pathways of Childhood and Adulthood Religiosity
Authors: DeAngelis Reed , Acevedo Gabriel , Xu Xiaohe
Published: June 2016

Prior research suggests that religiosity, especially public religious participation, is related to greater volunteerism. However, less is known about religious transmission across the life course, in particular whether and how religiosity in childhood is linked to later life volunteerism. This study investigates a sample of emerging adults in South Texas (n = 701) with a high percent of Hispanic Americans (53 percent). Specifically, we examine pathways of childhood and emerging adulthood religiosity leading to secular volunteerism. Findings indicate that both childhood and emerging adulthood religiosity are associated with greater volunteerism, but the effects of childhood religiosity on emerging adulthood volunteerism are mediated through emerging adulthood religiosity. These findings provide further confirmation of the importance of childhood religiosity only insofar as religiousness persists into adulthood. In other words, we find that it is emerging adulthood religiosity that transmits childhood religiosity into greater secular volunteerism in later life. Furthermore, emerging adulthood public religiosity has the most robust direct effects on volunteerism.
A High-Efficiency Voltage Equalization Scheme for Supercapacitor Energy Storage System in Renewable Generation Applications
Authors: Li Liran , Huang Zhiwu , Li Heng , Lu Honghai
Published: June 2016

Due to its fast charge and discharge rate, a supercapacitor-based energy storage system is especially suitable for power smoothing in renewable energy generation applications. Voltage equalization is essential for series-connected supercapacitors in an energy storage system, because it supports the system’s sustainability and maximizes the available cell energy. In this paper, we present a high-efficiency voltage equalization scheme for supercapacitor energy storage systems in renewable generation applications. We propose an improved isolated converter topology that uses a multi-winding transformer. An improved push-pull forward circuit is applied on the primary side of the transformer. A coupling inductor is added on the primary side to allow the switches to operate under the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) condition, which reduces switching losses. The diodes in the rectifier are replaced with metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) to reduce the power dissipation of the secondary side. In order to simplify the control, we designed a controllable rectifying circuit to achieve synchronous rectifying on the secondary side of the transformer. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Understanding Artisanal Fishers’ Behaviors: The Case of Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Torres-Guevara Luz , Lopez Maria , Schlüter Achim
Published: June 2016

We investigate the ecological impact caused by fishing grounds and the fishing gear/methods used by fishers in Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM), an estuarine lagoon located on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. To do so, we build individual and composite ecological sustainable indicators based on the opinions of a group of experienced fishers and a group of scientists. Additionally, we use those indicators to examine the influence of socioeconomic and perceptional factors on fishers’ fishing behaviors and how those behaviors may be affecting CGSM fishery resources. Our results suggest that fishers and scientists differ in their opinions about the impact of fishing on CGSM. Additionally, we found that having a higher level of education, sharing household expenses with other family members and spending more hours fishing lead to ecologically-sustainable fishing behavior, while the perception that the government is responsible for CGSM conservation leads to ecologically unsustainable fishing behavior.
The Resilience of a Sustainability Entrepreneur in the Swedish Food System
Authors: Larsson Markus , Milestad Rebecka , Hahn Thomas , Von Oelreich Jacob
Published: June 2016

Organizational resilience emphasizes the adaptive capacity for renewal after crisis. This paper explores the sustainability and resilience of a not-for-profit firm that claims to contribute to sustainable development of the food system. We used semi-structured interviews and Holling’s adaptive cycle as a heuristic device to assess what constitutes social and sustainable entrepreneurship in this case, and we discuss the determinants of organizational resilience. The business, Biodynamiska Produkter (BP), has experienced periods of growth, conservation and rapid decline in demand, followed by periods of re-organization. Our results suggest that BP, with its social mission and focus on organic food, meets the criteria of both a social and sustainability entrepreneurial organization. BP also exhibits criteria for organizational resilience: two major crises in the 1970s and late 1990s were met by re-organization (transformation) and novel market innovations (adaptations). BP has promoted the organic food sector in Sweden, but not profited from this. In this case study, resilience has enhanced sustainability in general, but trade-offs were also identified. The emphasis on trust, local identity, social objectives and slow decisions may have impeded both economic performance and new adaptations. Since the successful innovation Ekolådan in 2003, crises have been met by consolidation rather than new innovations.
Coherent States of Harmonic and Reversed Harmonic Oscillator
Authors: Rauh Alexander
Published: June 2016

A one-dimensional wave function is assumed whose logarithm is a quadratic form in the configuration variable with time-dependent coefficients. This trial function allows for general time-dependent solutions both of the harmonic oscillator (HO) and the reversed harmonic oscillator (RO). For the HO, apart from the standard coherent states, a further class of solutions is derived with a time-dependent width parameter. The width of the corresponding probability density fluctuates, or "breathes" periodically with the oscillator frequency. In the case of the RO, one also obtains normalized wave packets which, however, show diffusion through exponential broadening with time. At the initial time, the integration constants give rise to complete sets of coherent states in the three cases considered. The results are applicable to the quantum mechanics of the Kepler-Coulomb problem when transformed to the model of a four-dimensional harmonic oscillator with a constraint. In the classical limit, as was shown recently, the wave packets of the RO basis generate the hyperbolic Kepler orbits, and, by means of analytic continuation, the elliptic orbits are also obtained quantum mechanically.
Alphavirus Infection: Host Cell Shut-Off and Inhibition of Antiviral Responses
Authors: Fros Jelke , Pijlman Gorben
Published: June 2016

Alphaviruses cause debilitating disease in humans and animals and are transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods, typically mosquitoes. With a traditional focus on two models, Sindbis virus and Semliki Forest virus, alphavirus research has significantly intensified in the last decade partly due to the re-emergence and dramatic expansion of chikungunya virus in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. As a consequence, alphavirus–host interactions are now understood in much more molecular detail, and important novel mechanisms have been elucidated. It has become clear that alphaviruses not only cause a general host shut-off in infected vertebrate cells, but also specifically suppress different host antiviral pathways using their viral nonstructural proteins, nsP2 and nsP3. Here we review the current state of the art of alphavirus host cell shut-off of viral transcription and translation, and describe recent insights in viral subversion of interferon induction and signaling, the unfolded protein response, and stress granule assembly.
Le progrès agricole dans les plaines méditerranéennes : une exploitation modernisée de l'Alentejo
Authors: Silbert Albert
Published: June 2016

L'exploitation du « Monte do Outeiro », située à 39 km à l'Ouest de Béja, représente une tentative pour appliquer les techniques agricoles ; les mieux adaptées au climat sec et irrégulier, aux sols pauvres du Portugal méridional. Cette tentative repose sur l'emploi de légumineuses fourragères peu connues (Lathyrum climenum, Lupinus angustifolius), la sidération et une amélioration considérable de l'élevage ovin.

Les jachères ont été réduites au minimum. Mais les conditions du marché portugais, où la demande de céréales l'emporte encore de loin sur celle de viande et de lait, empêchent la meilleure adaptation possible. Celle-ci consisterait à associer un élevage semi-intensif de bovins à la culture du blé.
Les canyons de la Haute Soule (Basses-Pyrénées)
Authors: Viers Georges
Published: June 2016

Six grands canyons entaillent les calcaires crétacés de la chaîne frontière en Haute Soûle. Les plus larges, à l'Est, sont des auges glaciaires ; les systèmes d'érosion fluviatile semblent n'avoir joué aucun rôle dans leur évidement antérieur. Les canyons de l'Ouest, en trait de scie, dont l'ouverture est contemporaine de la glaciation, sont des gorges sous-glaciaires à l'amont et fluvio-glaciaires à l'aval. La tectonique brisante a joué un rôle primordial dans leur localisation, dans la préparation de la roche (broyée, feuilletée ou diaclasée à grands pans selon les lieux), dans leur modelé de détail.
Le géosystème ou «système territorial naturel»
Authors: Beroutchachvili Nicolas , Bertrand Georges
Published: June 2016

The geosystem or natural territorial system. The authors unfold new ideas dealing with the integrated analysis of natural environment ; these are related to the definition of the geosystem concept and of its structure (geohorizons and geofacies) and to its function and behaviour. The authors are largely indebted for these ideas to the scientists and publications of the Caucasus Martkopi Research station where they where themselves able to work. Then they stress the theoretical interest of the geosystemic analysis — specially vis-à-vis the ecosystem — and they underline the ways and means of its appliance to social sciences with special reference to fundamental research, mainly within the field of history and archeology of the geosystem.
Les géosystèmes du bassin d'Arques (Corbières, Aude)
Authors: Carcenac-Suffert Claude
Published: June 2016

Geosystems in the bassin d'Arqués of the Corbières, (Arques, Aude, France). North of the Pyrénées, the small eogene sedimentary basin of Arques lies on the north western edge of the Corbières district within the paleozoïc Mouthoumet massif. This is a distinct geographical and ecological unit. Through the variety and contrasts of its landscapes, it is specially suitable for an experimental development of the global analysis of so said natural environments. The homogeneous basin can be divided into three geosystems which are themselves divided in various groups of geofacies. The latter were mapped in detail. (See 1/20 000 map). The present evolution of landscapes depends on anthropic factors which are perceived through various biological trends. In the lower parts of the basin, many geomorphological processes depend upon human activity but they generally concern weak ecological associations.
Actions d'aménagement et croissance spontanée sur la Côte aquitaine
Authors: Cassou-Mounat Micheline
Published: June 2016

La Côte Aquitaine a, depuis la mise en place de la Mission, évolué dans un sens différent de ce qui avait été annoncé. Les opérations-pilotes menées tardivement n'affectent que quelques points du littoral, Lacanau, Carcans-Maubuisson, Capbreton, Port-d'Albret, et leurs effets d'entraînement paraissent encore limités. Par contre, la croissance spontanée des stations se poursuit à un rythme assez rapide, ainsi que la restructuration des vieux noyaux urbains, et la politique de préservation des espaces naturels, tardive elle aussi, commence à produire ses effets. L'absence d'étalement de la saison estivale et la croissance insuffisante des hébergements de type social rendent très difficile le problème des hébergements au moment de la plus forte pression touristique.
L'évolution des paysages du delta de l'Eyre
Authors: Campredon-Neuville Élizabeth
Published: June 2016

Les marais du delta de l'Eyre, au sud-est du Bassin d'Arcachon, constituent un géosystème dont l'évolution reste soumise à la fois aux lois naturelles et aux lois socio-économiques. L'action anthropique a marqué le paysage de ce delta et a déterminé son évolution naturelle. Longtemps considéré au Moyen Age comme une zone répulsive, il bénéficie de la prospérité du XVIIIe siècle pour être mis en valeur. De nos jours, depuis la revalorisation des zones humides, il représente un espace naturel privilégié, recherché par le citadin du XXe siècle. L'aquaculture, aujourd'hui plus rentable, offre un cadre paysager original sur lequel s'appuient des équipements de loisir. Ce delta devient progressivement, grâce à une politique volontariste de l'État et des collectivités locales, un espace naturel préservé, un bien collectif ouvert et accessible à tous.
La pêche dans l'estuaire de la Gironde
Authors: Castelnaud Gérard , De Verdilhac Philippe
Published: June 2016

L'estuaire de la Gironde et les tronçons fluviaux qui lui sont directement associés se signalent par la richesse et la variété de leurs peuplements aquatiques. Aloses, lamproies, anguilles et civelles sont les espèces les plus recherchées, alors que certains grands migrateurs, tel l'esturgeon, sont en voie de disparition. S'il n'existe plus que 160 véritables pêcheurs professionnels, l'administration délivre plus de 3 000 licences pour des amateurs qui sont en conflit ouvert ou larvé avec les précédents. La variété des techniques et des calendriers de pêche montre que cette activité reste artisanale, étroitement liée au milieu rural. Le chiffre d'affaires de la pêche estuarienne est cependant estimé à plus de 30 millions de francs. Les agressions subies par le milieu naturel, du fait de l'entretien du chenal maritime, des barrages hydroélectriques d'amont, des extractions de granulats, de la pollution chimique, de la pollution thermique par les centrales classiques et nucléaires, font peser de graves menaces sur cette activité et en expliquent en partie le déclin.
Les pays de l'Adour dans la crise au début de la décennie 1980
Authors: Di Méo Guy
Published: June 2016

Effects of the economic crisis on the industries in the Adour countries in the early 1980. The present crisis increases the region's backwardness. Nevertheless many small and medium firms can survive through modernization and an increasing pressure on their manpower. At the same time an ideological crisis is revealed by the revival of obsolete spatial and regional frames and this trend was supported by the State's regional policies when more investments, specially for transports, could make a solution feasible.
La voie ferrée Pau-Canfranc : déraison d'une fermeture
Authors: Arnaud Ch. A.
Published: June 2016

El Pau-Canfranc. — El cese del tráfico ferroviario en la línea Pau- Canfranc-Zaragoza plantea el problema de la utilidad social y económica de semejantes infraestructuras. Las repercusiones locales y regionales, los efectos de incitación posibles pero además el papel importante que la línea podría desempeñar en la organización de transportes trans-pirenaicos, son otros tantos argumentos que abogan por la reanudación de la circulación.
Pau, ville moyenne : déterminants socio-politiques d'un contrat d'aménagement
Authors: Di Méo Guy , Ruscassie Marie-Paule
Published: June 2016

Pau, ciudad mediana ; los determinantes socio-políticos de un contrato de urbanización urbana. — Concluido en 1974 con el Estado, el contrato — « ville moyenne » de Pau constituye el armazón de la política municipal de urbanismo y refleja sus contradicciones. Recalca como objetivos la recuperación y el embellecimiento de los barrios viejos del casco. Si no apunta a preocupaciones estrictamente económicas, su programa encierra aspectos sociales reales. Ciertas operaciones sorprenden sin embargo por su ambigüedad..., trátese del abandono de acciones que concernían las barriadas populares del norte, o de la concentración de obras dentro del casco que se vuelve burgués ya que no existe ninguna traba para la especulación.
Restructuration du commerce et aménagements
Authors: Palu Pascal
Published: June 2016

New trends in the spatial and economic structures of the retail trade in urban areas. — The author stresses the fact that the growth of suburban trade centers has not diminished the economic value of urban cores for the retail trade firms ; he adds that many local enterprises that enjoy down town locations are nowadays controlled by larger trading or financial firms.
Groupes sociaux et comportements de consommation en milieu rural
Authors: Bourguet Monique
Published: June 2016

Grupos sociales y comportamientos de consumo en medio rural. — Los consumidores rurales están muy apegados al local para el artesanado, los servicios y las giras de venta. Todos los desplazamientos fuera del valle tienen objetivos acumulativos. Las ciudades vecinas y los hipermèrcados son objeto de visitas con esas condiciones. Todas las modalidades de sustitución de la venta se usan indiferentemente. El consumo de asalariados de renta alta, de los jubilados no-agrícolas podría ser caracterizado de « urbano » en oposición con el de los pequeños agricultores y asalariados de renta modesta, de los retirados del campo que presenta rasgos de « ruralidad ».
Pau, approche de la ville vécue : des chercheurs aux habitants
Authors: Ayçaguer-Piolle Marie-Geneviève , Piolle Xavier
Published: June 2016

Pau, hacia un descubrimiento de la ciudad : Tal come se vive en ella, por los investigadores y hasta por los vecinos. — El equipo de Pau lleva mucho tiempo haciendo investigaciones sobre los usos sociales del espacio. Estas verifican el papel importante en la utilización de la zona urbana, del nivel socioeconómico, pero dejan manifestarse otras variables. Un nuevo trámite, intentado recientemente en relación con grupos de habitantes, ha empliado los resultados, hecho experimentar la importancia del lenguaje utilizado tanto en la análisis como en la comunicación, ha renovado la problemática, ha permitido además una relación rica pero delicada entre investigadores y habitantes.
Analyse de l'espace vécu : la méthode et l'objet
Authors: Watrin Jean
Published: June 2016

Aproximación al espacio vivencial. Método y objeto. — Las dificultades del diálogo entre investigadores y vecinos han originado una experimentación que se está llevando a cabo en Pau. La lógica del instrumento audio-visual, ¿ no estará particularmente adaptada al estudio de los fenómenos más decisivos a escala microgeográfica del espacio vivido ?
Nappes alluviales et niveaux quaternaires du bas Vallespir. Implications néotectoniques et paléoclimatiques
Authors: Calvet Marc
Published: June 2016

On met en évidence dans la basse vallée du Tech cinq niveaux alluviaux principaux, étages du fini-villafranchien au Wurm. Leurs déformations impliquent une néotectonique modeste mais active durant tout le Quaternaire. Cependant les caractères des formes et dépôts pleistocenes reflètent essentiellement une histoire paléoclimatique originale où se succèdent des crises d'intensité décroissante avec le temps. Elles se signalent au Quaternaire moyen par des phénomènes éoliens particulièrement vigoureux. Et si la crise rissienne a largement affecté le bassin comme les versants montagneux, les morphogeneses wurmiennes sont cantonnées au-dessus de 800 m.
Lithologie, pente, exposition et dynamique des versants en haut Vallespir
Authors: Allée Philippe
Published: June 2016

Litologia, pendiente, exposición y dinámica de las vertientes en el alto vallespir. Los contrastes de vertiente en el valle del Tech entre Prats de Mollo y Arles son la consecuencia de tres parámetros. La litología es responsable del contraste entre los vertientes en rocas cristalofilianas (micaesquistos y gneis) cubiertas de depósitos de pendiente y las vertientes en granodioritas donde las arenas removidas son demasiado arenosas para ser conservadas sobre la pendiente. La pendiente es indirectamente, en umbria, causa de una situación paradójica : los colluviones de las vertientes de poca pendiente (<20°) desgastadas por erosión antrópica quedan menos potentes que sobre las vertientes de mas pendiente. Enfin, la exposición de las vertientes determina una oposición fundamental de modelado. Esto resulta de dos dinámicas sucesivas. La dinámica histórica (erosión antrópica) responsable de la desnudación de las vertientes solo parece acentuar una evolución heredada del Pleistoceno frío.