bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silicon mode-loop Mach-Zehnder modulator with L-shaped PN junction for 0.37 V·cm VπL high-efficiency modulation
Authors: Liu Jiacheng , Zhou Gangqiang , Du Jiangbing , Shen Weihong , Zhou Linjie , He Zuyuan
Published: November 2021

Optical signaling without a high voltage driver for electric-optic modulation is in high demand to reduce power consumption, packaging complexity, and cost. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a silicon mode-loop Mach–Zehnder modulator (ML-MZM) with record-high modulation efficiency. We used a mode-loop structure to recycle light twice in the phase shifter. With an L-shaped PN junction, a comparably large overlap between the PN junction and optical modes of both

TE

0

and

TE

1

was achieved to lower the driving voltage or decrease the photonic device size. Proof-of-concept high-efficiency modulation with low

V

π

L

of

0.37
  
V
·
cm

was obtained. Subvoltage

V

π

can be realized with a millimeter’s length phase shifter by this scheme, which makes the realization of CMOS-compatible driverless modulation highly possible. 40 Gb/s signaling with a bit error rate below the 7% forward-error-correction threshold was then demonstrated with the fabricated ML-MZM, indicating great potential for high-speed optical communication.
Diverse processing underlying frequency integration in midbrain neurons of barn owls
Authors: Gorman Julia C. , Tufte Oliver L. , Miller Anna V. R. , DeBello William M. , Peña José L. , Fischer Brian J.
Published: November 2021

Emergent response properties of sensory neurons depend on circuit connectivity and somatodendritic processing. Neurons of the barn owl’s external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICx) display emergence of spatial selectivity. These neurons use interaural time difference (ITD) as a cue for the horizontal direction of sound sources. ITD is detected by upstream brainstem neurons with narrow frequency tuning, resulting in spatially ambiguous responses. This spatial ambiguity is resolved by ICx neurons integrating inputs over frequency, a relevant processing in sound localization across species. Previous models have predicted that ICx neurons function as point neurons that linearly integrate inputs across frequency. However, the complex dendritic trees and spines of ICx neurons raises the question of whether this prediction is accurate. Data from in vivo intracellular recordings of ICx neurons were used to address this question. Results revealed diverse frequency integration properties, where some ICx neurons showed responses consistent with the point neuron hypothesis and others with nonlinear dendritic integration. Modeling showed that varied connectivity patterns and forms of dendritic processing may underlie observed ICx neurons’ frequency integration processing. These results corroborate the ability of neurons with complex dendritic trees to implement diverse linear and nonlinear integration of synaptic inputs, of relevance for adaptive coding and learning, and supporting a fundamental mechanism in sound localization.
Mad1’s ability to interact with Mad2 is essential to regulate and monitor meiotic synapsis in C. elegans
Authors: Devigne Alice , Bhalla Needhi
Published: November 2021

Meiotic homolog synapsis is essential to ensure accurate segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. InC.elegans, proper regulation of synapsis and a checkpoint that monitors synapsis relies on the spindle checkpoint components, Mad1 and Mad2, and Pairing Centers (PCs), cis-acting loci that interact with the nuclear envelope to mobilize chromosomes within the nucleus. Here, we test what specific functions of Mad1 and Mad2 are required to regulate and monitor synapsis. We find that a mutation that prevents Mad1’s localization to the nuclear periphery abolishes the synapsis checkpoint but has no effect on Mad2’s localization to the nuclear periphery or synapsis. By contrast, a mutation that prevents Mad1’s interaction with Mad2 abolishes the synapsis checkpoint, delays synapsis and fails to localize Mad2 to the nuclear periphery. These data indicate that Mad1’s primary role in regulating synapsis is through control of Mad2 and that Mad2 can bind other factors at the nuclear periphery. We also tested whether Mad2’s ability to adopt a specific conformation associated with its activity during spindle checkpoint function is required for its role in meiosis. A mutation that prevents Mad2 from adopting its active conformer fails to localize to the nuclear periphery, abolishes the synapsis checkpoint and exhibits substantial defects in meiotic synapsis. Thus, Mad2, and its regulation by Mad1, is an important regulator of meiotic synapsis inC.elegans.
Bacteriological and histopathological findings in cetaceans that stranded in the Philippines from 2017 to 2018
Authors: Obusan Marie Christine M. , Caras Jamaica Ann A. , Lumang Lara Sabrina L. , Calderon Erika Joyce S. , Villanueva Ren Mark D. , Salibay Cristina C. , Siringan Maria Auxilia T. , Rivera Windell L. , Masangkay Joseph S. , Aragones Lemnuel V.
Published: November 2021

The relatively high frequency of marine mammal stranding events in the Philippines provide many research opportunities. A select set of stranders (n = 21) from 2017 to 2018 were sampled for bacteriology and histopathology. Pertinent tissues and bacteria were collected from individuals representing eight cetacean species (i.e.Feresa attenuata,Kogia breviceps,Globicephala macrorhynchus,Grampus griseus,Lagenodelphis hosei,Peponocephala electra,Stenella attenuataandStenella longirostris) and were subjected to histopathological examination and antibiotic resistance screening, respectively. The antibiotic resistance profiles of 24 bacteria (belonging to generaEscherichia,Enterobacter,Klebsiella,Proteus, andShigella) that were isolated from four cetaceans were determined using 18 antibiotics. All 24 isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic class, and 79.17% were classified as multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR). The MAR index values of isolates ranged from 0.06 to 0.39 with all the isolates resistant to erythromycin (100%; n = 24) and susceptible to imipenem, doripenem, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin (100%; n = 24). The resistance profiles of these bacteria show the extent of antimicrobial resistance in the marine environment, and may inform medical management decisions during rehabilitation of stranded cetaceans. Due to inadequate gross descriptions and limited data gathered by the responders during the stranding events, the significance of histopathological lesions in association with disease diagnosis in each cetacean stranding or mortality remained inconclusive; however, these histopathological findings may be indicative or contributory to the resulting debility and stress during their strandings. The findings of the study demonstrate the challenges faced by cetacean species in the wild, such as but not limited to, biological pollution through land-sea movement of effluents, fisheries interactions, and anthropogenic activities.
Integrated BIM and VR to implement IPD mode in transportation infrastructure projects: System design and case application
Authors: Hao Ziqi , Zhang Wensheng , Zhao Yunche
Published: November 2021

The complex design of transportation infrastructure hinders communication between different roles in the project, which makes it difficult to promote the Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) mode. This paper discusses a design simulation and communication system based on Building Information Modeling and Virtual Reality for transportation infrastructure (DSC-BV-TI system), integrated with BIM, with VR developed by using a game engine. Based on an analysis of the user’s demand, the system introduces a three-dimensional BIM model of traffic infrastructure in an immersive VR environment and realizes the simulation design, weather simulation, virtual driving, sight distance calculation, visual simulation and other functions of traffic infrastructure project by using the system’s safety assessment and scheme decision. The system is applied to the design of the Jinjiazhuang Extra-Long Tunnel project of the Yan-Chong Expressway in Hebei Province, which was built for the 2022 Winter Olympics. The results show that, using the DSC-BV-TI system, the designer has completed a display of the overall scheme: the user can use the steering wheel to drive a vehicle; use the head-mounted display to play the picture; realize the simulation and interaction in a variety of simulated weather conditions and environments; and use IPD mode to communicate and make decisions on the design scheme of the traffic infrastructure, tunnel speed limit and other aspects that play a key role. The DSC-BV-TI system has 8 advantages and 4 disadvantages identified through a questionnaire survey, the advantages including high fidelity, high efficiency and low cost. At the same time, according to the research results, three suggestions to help improve the system are discussed. DSC-BV-TI system as a communication bridge between the design team and other stakeholders reduces the communication gap and promotes the implementation of the IPD mode in transportation infrastructure projects.
Characterization of a new type of neuronal 5-HT G- protein coupled receptor in the cestode nervous system
Authors: Camicia Federico , Vaca Hugo R. , Park Sang-Kyu , Bivona Augusto E. , Naidich Ariel , Preza Matias , Koziol Uriel , Celentano Ana M. , Marchant Jonathan S. , Rosenzvit Mara C.
Published: November 2021

Cestodes are platyhelminth parasites with a wide range of hosts that cause neglected diseases. Neurotransmitter signaling is of critical importance for these parasites which lack circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems. For example, serotonin (5-HT) and serotonergic G-protein coupled receptors (5-HT GPCRs) play major roles in cestode motility, development and reproduction. In previous work, we deorphanized a group of 5-HT7 type GPCRs from cestodes. However, little is known about another type of 5-HT GPCR, the 5-HT1 clade, which has been studied in several invertebrate phyla but not in platyhelminthes. Three putative 5-HT GPCRs from Echinococcus canadensis, Mesocestoides vogae (syn. M. corti) and Hymenolepis microstoma were cloned, sequenced and bioinformatically analyzed. Evidence grouped these new sequences within the 5-HT1 clade of GPCRs but differences in highly conserved GPCR motifs were observed. Transcriptomic analysis, heterologous expression and immunolocalization studies were performed to characterize the E. canadensis receptor, called Eca-5-HT1a. Functional heterologous expression studies showed that Eca-5-HT1a is highly specific for serotonin. 5-Methoxytryptamine and α-methylserotonin, both known 5-HT GPCR agonists, give stimulatory responses whereas methysergide, a known 5-HT GPCR ligand, give an antagonist response in Eca-5-HT1a. Mutants obtained by the substitution of key predicted residues resulted in severe impairment of receptor activity, confirming that indeed, these residues have important roles in receptor function. Immunolocalization studies on the protoscolex stage from E. canadensis, showed that Eca-5-HT1a is localized in branched fibers which correspond to the nervous system of the parasite. The patterns of immunoreactive fibers for Eca-5-HT1a and for serotonin were intimately intertwined but not identical, suggesting that they are two separate groups of fibers. These data provide the first functional, pharmacological and localization report of a serotonergic receptor that putatively belongs to the 5-HT1 type of GPCRs in cestodes. The serotonergic GPCR characterized here may represent a new target for antiparasitic intervention.
A retrospective study on the evaluation of the appropriateness of oral anticoagulant therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Qian Yiyi , Zhang Jiajun , Li Jiangya , Weng Zhiying
Published: November 2021

Background

The incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasing, and effective anticoagulation therapy can prevent adverse events. Selecting the appropriate OAC based on patient characteristics has become a challenge. Interventions are going to be a potential area of focus.

Objectives

To explore the discrepancies between clinician prescriptions and recommended guidelines of oral anticoagulants (OACs) for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and to provide direction for improving anticoagulation strategies for treating patients with AF.

Materials and methods

Data were collected from the electronic medical record system of Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital between July 2019 and January 2020. The suitability of prescribed OACs for patients with AF was assessed according to the Rules for Avoiding Prescription Inappropriateness, the prescribed medicine label, and any relevant antithrombotic guidelines for treating patients with AF.

Results

A total of 460 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 53.7% received an appropriate prescription and 46.3% received an inappropriate prescription. Of the patients who received inappropriate prescriptions, 15.4% were prescribed without the presenting appropriate indicators, 1.3% were prescribed inappropriate drug selection, and 29.6% were prescribed inappropriate drug doses. For patients prescribed without providing appropriate indicators, 2.2% had no indication for medication and 13.3% had an indication for medication, but not a specific OAC. For patients with inappropriate drug selection, 1, 5 patients were on rivaroxaban, dabigatran respectively. The distribution of NOAC doses was as follows: dabigatran standard dose (45.2%), the low dose (54.8%). Rivaroxaban standard dose (58.9%), low dose (36.8%), high dose (4.3%). A total of 44 patients (9.6%) experienced bleeding events, 12 patients (2.6%) experienced embolic events, and 7 patients experienced other adverse events after dosing.

Conclusions

In clinical practice, it is common for patients with AF to receive inappropriate prescriptions of OACs. Therefore there is a need to enhance anticoagulation management in patients with AF to improve the appropriate use of OACs.
Evaluation of the scolicidal activities of eugenol essential oil and its nanoemulsion against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts
Authors: Maurice Maria Naged , Huseein Enas Abdelhameed Mahmoud , Monib Mohamed El-Salahy M. M. , Alsharif Fahd M. , Namazi Nader Ibrahim , Ahmad Alzahraa Abdelraouf
Published: November 2021

Background

Cystic echinococcosis caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus remains a serious helminthic zoonosis affecting humans and animals in many endemic developing countries. Surgical intervention is the best management choice, although it is associated with high recurrence rates and serious complications. Also, the commonly used chemotherapeutics exhibited serious side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the protoscolicidal effects of eugenol (Eug) essential oil and its nanoemulsion (Eug-NE) against protoscoleces (PCs) of hydatid cysts in vitro.

Methods

Eug-NE was prepared and characterized. Their cytotoxicity on macrophages was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. E. granulosus PCs were treated with various concentrations of Eug and Eug-NE at different exposure times. The viability of protoscoleces was evaluated by the eosin exclusion test, and the changes in the morphology of protoscoleces were assessed. Albendazole (ABZ) was used as a positive control.

Results

The cellular cytotoxicity of Eug and Eug-NE on macrophage cells, in minimum and maximum concentrations (0.2 and 1 μl/mL), were nearly negligible ranging from 4.7% to 8.3% and 3.7% to 7.2%, respectively. The results showed highly significant activity of Eug-NE and Eug against hydatid PCs compared to ABZ (P < 0.05). Eug and Eug-NE have similar protoscolicidal effects at all used concentrations. Their highest scolicidal activity (100% mortality rate) was recorded at 1 μl/ml after 30 min incubation (LC50 = 0.298—LC90 = 0.521 and LC50 = 0.309—LC90 = 0.646, respectively). Both formulations showed time- and dose-dependent effects.

Conclusions

This study suggested the potent scolicidal activities of Eug and Eug-NE as promising alternative scolicidal agents. Future studies are recommended to explore the mechanism of action and treatment response in vivo and clinical settings.
The first late cretaceous mawsoniid coelacanth (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) from North America: Evidence of a lineage of extinct ‘living fossils’
Authors: Cavin Lionel , Toriño Pablo , Van Vranken Nathan , Carter Bradley , Polcyn Michael J. , Winkler Dale
Published: November 2021

Today, the only living genus of coelacanth,Latimeriais represented by two species along the eastern coast of Africa and in Indonesia. This sarcopterygian fish is nicknamed a "living fossil", in particular because of its slow evolution. The large geographical distribution ofLatimeriamay be a reason for the great resilience to extinction of this lineage, but the lack of fossil records for this genus prevents us from testing this hypothesis. Here we describe isolated bones (right angular, incomplete basisphenoid, fragments of parasphenoid and pterygoid) found in the Cenomanian Woodbine Formation in northeast Texas that are referred to the mawsoniid coelacanthMawsoniasp. In order to assess the impact of this discovery on the alleged characteristic of "living fossils" in general and of coelacanths in particular: 1) we compared the average time duration of genera of ray-finned fish and coelacanth in the fossil record; 2) we compared the biogeographic signal fromMawsoniawith the signal from the rest of the vertebrate assemblage of the Woodbine formation; and 3) we compared these life traits with those ofLatimeria. The stratigraphical range ofMawsoniais at least 50 million years. SinceMawsoniawas a fresh, brackish water fish with probably a low ability to cross large sea barriers and because most of the continental components of the Woodbine Fm vertebrate assemblage exhibit Laurasian affinities, it is proposed that theMawsonia’s occurrence in North America is more likely the result of a vicariant event linked to the break-up of Pangea rather than the result of a dispersal from Gondwana. The link between a wide geographic distribution and the resilience to extinction demonstrated here forMawsoniais a clue that a similar situation existed forLatimeria, which allowed this genus to live for tens of millions of years.
Poor compliance with school food environment guidelines in elementary schools in Northwest Mexico: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hugues Yazmín , Díaz-Zavala Rolando G. , Quizán-Plata Trinidad , Corvalán Camila , Haby Michelle M.
Published: November 2021

Background

In Mexico, 35.5% of school-age children were overweight or obese in 2018. The school food environment is important because children spend a significant part of their time at school and consume one-third to one-half of their daily meals there. In 2014, a Federal Government guideline for the sale and distribution of food and beverages in Mexican schools was published (the AGREEMENT) but the extent of its implementation is not known.

Methods

Descriptive cross-sectional study in a representative, random sample of elementary schools, using the tools of the INFORMAS network. Data collection included: a) an interview with a school authority; b) a checklist of items available in the school canteen; c) a checklist of the school breakfast menu; and d) an evaluation of the physical environment. The main indicators were: percentage of implementation (self-report) of the AGREEMENT and percentage of compliance (researcher verified) with the AGREEMENT (based on tools b and c).

Results

119 schools participated (response rate 87.5%), with 15.1% (95%CI 9.2–22.8) of the schools reporting having fully implemented the AGREEMENT. However, only 1% (95%CI 0–5.3) of the school canteens and 71.4% (95%CI 57.8–82.7) of the school breakfast menus fully complied with the AGREEMENT. A variety of sugar-sweetened beverages and energy-dense, nutrient poor products were found in the school canteens. Further, only 43.7% of the water fountains in schools were functional and 23.4% were clean. In only 24.4% of schools had the school authorities received formal training related to the AGREEMENT and in 28.6% of schools had the parents received information about the AGREEMENT.

Conclusion

The AGREEMENT has been poorly implemented in elementary schools in Mexico. Actions are needed to encourage and support its full implementation to improve the food environment in Mexican schools.
Changes in PHQ-9 depression scores in acute stroke patients shortly after returning home
Authors: Strong Brent , Fritz Michele C. , Dong Liming , Lisabeth Lynda D. , Reeves Mathew J.
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Post-stroke depression is a disabling condition that occurs in approximately one-third of stroke survivors. There is limited information on changes in depressive symptoms shortly after stroke survivors return home. To identify factors associated with changes in post-stroke depressive symptoms during the early recovery period, we conducted a secondary analysis of patients enrolled in a clinical trial conducted during the transition period shortly after patients returned home (MISTT).

Methods

The Michigan Stroke Transitions Trial (MISTT) tested the efficacy of social worker case management and access to online information to improve patient-reported outcomes following an acute stroke. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores were collected via telephone interviews conducted at 7 and 90 days post-discharge; higher scores indicate more depressive symptoms. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify independent predictors of baseline PHQ-9 score at 7 days and of changes over time to 90 days.

Results

Of 265 patients, 193 and 185 completed the PHQ-9 survey at 7 and 90 days, respectively. The mean PHQ-9 score was 5.9 at 7 days and 5.1 at 90 days. Older age, being unmarried, and having moderate stroke severity (versus mild) were significantly associated with lower 7-day PHQ-9 scores (indicating fewer depressive symptoms). However, at 90 days, both unmarried patients and those with moderate or high stroke severity had significant increases in depressive symptoms over time.

Conclusions

In stroke patients who recently returned home, both marital status and stroke severity were associated with depressive symptom scores; however, the relationships were complex. Being unmarried and having higher stroke severity was associated with fewer depressive symptoms at baseline, but both factors were associated with worsening depressive symptoms over time. Identifying risk factors for changes in depressive symptoms may help guide effective management strategies during the early recovery period.
The effects of leg preference and leg dominance on static and dynamic balance performance in highly-trained tennis players
Authors: Kozinc Žiga , Šarabon Nejc
Published: November 2021

In this study, 90 (51 males, 39 females) tennis players performed single-leg quiet stance and single-leg landing tasks. For the static standing task, center-of pressure (CoP) velocities, amplitudes, frequency and area were calculated. For the landing tasks, time to stabilization as well as dynamic postural stability index were considered. The analysis of differences between the legs was done based on two methods for a priori determination of leg preference, one based on the preference of kicking a ball and one based on the preference for single-leg jumping. An additional analysis was done based on the leg dominance (determined post hoc), based on the observed performance of the tasks. In case of the classification based on kicking a ball, there was a statistically significantly lower CoP anterior-posterior velocity and anterior-posterior amplitude in static balance task (p ≤ 0.017; 0.17 ≤ d ≤ 0.28) for the preferred leg. The CoP frequency was higher in the preferred leg for both directions (p ≤ 0.002; 0.10 ≤ d ≤ 0.22). For the landing task, CoP medial-lateral time to stabilization was statistically significantly shorter for the preferred leg (0.28 ± 0.38 s) compared to the non-preferred leg (0.47 ± 0.60 s) (p = 0.012; d = 0.38). There were no differences between the legs for the landing task. Moreover, there were no differences between the legs when we used the preference based on jumping for either of the tasks (d ≤ 0.14). The differences between legs in terms of observed dominance were larger than the differences based on the preference, which stresses the need for clear distinction of limb preference and limb dominance in research and practice. Regarding the effect of leg preference, small differences in static balance may exist between the legs (when the preference is based on kicking a ball).
Pathways to school success: Self-regulation and executive function, preschool attendance and early academic achievement of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in Australia’s Northern Territory
Authors: He Vincent Yaofeng , Nutton Georgie , Graham Amy , Hirschausen Lisa , Su Jiunn-Yih
Published: November 2021

Background

With the pending implementation of the Closing the Gap 2020 recommendations, there is an urgent need to better understand the contributing factors of, and pathways to positive educational outcomes for both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. This deeper understanding is particularly important in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia, in which the majority of Aboriginal children lived in remote communities and have language backgrounds other than English (i.e. 75%).

Methods

This study linked the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) to the attendance data (i.e. government preschool and primary schools) and Year 3 National Assessment Program for Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN). Structural equation modelling was used to investigate the pathway from self-regulation and executive function (SR-EF) at age 5 to early academic achievement (i.e. Year 3 reading/numeracy at age 8) for 3,199 NT children.

Result

The study confirms the expected importance of SR-EF for all children but suggests the different pathways for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. For non-Aboriginal children, there was a significant indirect effect of SR-EF (β = 0.38, p<0.001) on early academic achievement, mediated by early literacy/numeracy skills (at age 5). For Aboriginal children, there were significant indirect effects of SR-EF (β = 0.19, p<0.001) and preschool attendance (β = 0.20, p<0.001), mediated by early literacy/numeracy skills and early primary school attendance (i.e. Transition Years to Year 2 (age 5–7)).

Conclusion

This study highlights the need for further investigation and development of culturally, linguistically and contextually responsive programs and policies to support SR-EF skills in the current Australian education context. There is a pressing need to better understand how current policies and programs enhance children and their families’ sense of safety and support to nurture these skills. This study also confirms the critical importance of school attendance for improved educational outcomes of Aboriginal children. However, the factors contributing to non-attendance are complex, hence the solutions require multi-sectoral collaboration in place-based design for effective implementation.
Long term conservation of DNA at ambient temperature. Implications for DNA data storage
Authors: Coudy Delphine , Colotte Marthe , Luis Aurélie , Tuffet Sophie , Bonnet Jacques
Published: November 2021

DNA conservation is central to many applications. This leads to an ever-increasing number of samples which are more and more difficult and costly to store or transport. A way to alleviate this problem is to develop procedures for storing samples at room temperature while maintaining their stability. A variety of commercial systems have been proposed but they fail to completely protect DNA from deleterious factors, mainly water. On the other side, Imagene company has developed a procedure for long-term conservation of biospecimen at room temperature based on the confinement of the samples under an anhydrous and anoxic atmosphere maintained inside hermetic capsules. The procedure has been validated by us and others for purified RNA, and for DNA in buffy coat or white blood cells lysates, but a precise determination of purified DNA stability is still lacking. We used the Arrhenius law to determine the DNA degradation rate at room temperature. We found that extrapolation to 25°C gave a degradation rate constant equivalent to about 1 cut/century/100 000 nucleotides, a stability several orders of magnitude larger than the current commercialized processes. Such a stability is fundamental for many applications such as the preservation of very large DNA molecules (particularly interesting in the context of genome sequencing) or oligonucleotides for DNA data storage. Capsules are also well suited for this latter application because of their high capacity. One can calculate that the 64 zettabytes of data produced in 2020 could be stored, standalone, for centuries, in about 20 kg of capsules.
Recensão ao Livro Hacia una literacidad del fracaso escolar y del abandono temprano desde las voces de adolescentes y jóvenes: resistencias, “cicatrices” y destinos
Authors: Moreira Maria Alfredo
Published: November 2021

Recensão ao Livro Hacia una literacidad del fracaso escolar y del abandono temprano desde las voces de adolescentes y jóvenes: resistencias, “cicatrices” y destinos.

Vásquez Recío, R. (Coord.) (2018). Hacia una literacidad del fracaso escolar y del abandono temprano desde las voces de adolescentes y jóvenes: resistencias, “cicatrices” y destinos. Cádiz: Editorial UCA.
Reseña ao libro Ética e educação nos quatro Evangelhos: uma antropeugogia inadiável
Authors: Palma Valenzuela Andrés
Published: November 2021

Reseña ao libro: Maia, C. F. (2019). Ética e educação nos quatro Evangelhos: uma antropeugogia inadiável. Lisboa: Chiado Editores, 397 pp.
An Online Survey on Job Satisfaction among Indian Radiologists - Under-Studied Journey from Promised Land to Paradise Lost
Authors: Das Sudha Kiran , Patil Vikram , Chandrappa Anupama , Thammegowda Sachin , Shetty Sachin Prabhakar , Hiremath Rudresh
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND Globally, radiodiagnosis is considered as one of the most sought after specialty in the field of medicine, based on the perceived notion that it is a high income, risk-averse, white-collared job. Radiologists are touted as being one of the highest paid specialists with defined work-hours; however, the ground reality appears to be in contradiction, particularly in the Indian context. The purpose of this study was to objectively assess the current day situation amongst the Indian radiologists. This gender-neutral survey not only dispels many of the prevailing assumptions but also brings to clear light the issues that assail the radiologist on a day to day basis. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed with Google survey forms and collected data was obtained from 370 radiologists regarding various parameters, such as the workplace, years of experience, work hours per day, monthly income, peer, and work-related pressures, and their overall perceived happiness quotient. Issues concerning threats to radiology, the need for super or subspecialty training were also addressed. RESULTS Most of the young radiologists opted to work in either diagnostic centers or corporate hospitals as salary drawn was considerably higher than their counterparts in medical colleges. Nearly half the radiologists working at medical colleges augmented their income by working in diagnostic centers. Nearly 2/3rds of the young radiologists work for an average of 10 hours per day, six days a week with a take home salary of approximately 1 – 2 lakhs per month. Only 5 % of the radiologists stated that they were most happy with their work environment, nearly 57 % of them had some kind of occupational hazard and this was directly related to the years of work. Burn out predominated amongst the upcoming radiologists with less than 5 years of work experience and this was found to be compounded by work hours, work pressure and inadequate compensation. CONCLUSIONS Today, young radiologist is caught in a whirlpool of change that has not only threatened the “concept of a settled, satisfied, specialist”, furtherance to this, commoditization of radiology has led to increase in work hours, work pressure, leading to dissatisfaction and early burn out. KEY WORDS Radiologist, Psychosocial Aspects, Burn Out, Artificial Intelligence.
A Comparative Study of Efficacy and Tolerability of Solifenacin and Mirabegron, for the Treatment of Overactive Bladder - A Randomized Prospective Control Study
Authors: Thiagarajan Senthil Kumar , Mahajan Vikrant , Saravanan Jambunathan , Kurabalakota Harsha , RM Meyyappan , T Srinavasan , Gowda Madhu , Nachiketh Gokul
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND Overactive bladder (OAB) is a chronic, age-related disorder seen in 11 % of patients. Symptoms consist of urinary urgency, with or without urinary incontinence, usually with frequency or nocturia. The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy and side effects of mirabegron and solifenacin as primary therapies in patients with overactive bladder. METHODS This was a prospective interventional study. 100 patients aged between 18 years and 50 years with overactive bladder were included and were assigned into two treatment groups of solifenacin 5 mg or mirabegron 50 mg. They were asked to record the number of micturitions in a day, urgency episodes, incontinence episodes and volume of each micturition. All patients went through a basic workup with blood sugar to rule out diabetes, USG KUB to rule out bladder stones, and urine culture and sensitivity to rule out urinary tract infection (UTI). RESULTS 100 patients with OAB were selected for the study and divided into equal groups, 50 receiving 5 mg solifenacin and 50 receiving 50 mg mirabegron. Both groups increased the mean micturition volume but mirabegron was more effective in increasing the mean micturition in patients with OAB. Both drugs were well tolerated. There was a significant increase in mean micturition volume in mirabegron 50 mg group (by 20.7 + / - 2.2 mL), P < 0.001 whereas in solifenacin group micturition volume was increased to 22.2 + / -0.97 ml). The most common side-effect in the mirabegron group was hypertension and the most common side effect in the solifenacin group was dry mouth. CONCLUSIONS Both mirabegron and solifenacin were effective in controlling the frequency of micturition, decreasing urgency and incontinence episodes and increasing the mean volume of micturition. Mirabegron was more effective than solifenacin in controlling urgency and incontinence episodes and increasing the mean volume of micturition. KEY WORDS Overactive Bladder (OAB), Micturition, Mirabegron, Solifenacin.
IN-CYLINDER FLOW CHARACTERIZATION USING VORTICITY BASED PARAMETERS
Authors: Hatschbach Petr , Vítek Oldřich , Tichánek Radek
Published: November 2021

The paper deals with intake swirling flow characterization in the cylinder of IC engine. The commonly used method based on the swirl resp. tumble number from angular momentum flux evaluation does not need to give the appropriate values in some cases. Typically, in the case of two intake ports, a counter-rotating swirl vortex pair is presented. However their summary angular momentum flux is zero a thus corresponding swirl number is zero too. In order to correctly quantify these cases, it is proposed to evaluate so called vorticity numbers, i.e. dimensionless numbers based on vorticity evaluation. Concrete results are evaluated from data obtained using 3-D CFD simulation in AVL FIRE code. Comparison of variously defined vorticity numbers with each other and with the vortex numbers is performed. A practical way of calculating the vorticity numbers was also suggested with regard to possible adverse effects of the velocity gradients at the cylinder wall.
Consideraciones sobre la formación basada en competencias y el enfoque Una Salud
Authors: FELIPE Antonio E. , CHIAPPARRONE Laura , CASELLI Andrea
Published: November 2021

El enfoque Una Salud requiere de una estrecha relación entre los profesionales veterinarios con otros actores y factores del medio donde desarrollan sus actividades. Este trabajo aborda los aspectos que deberían considerarse al incluir los dominios de competencias del enfoque Una salud en el contexto de la formación veterinaria. Se tratan rasgos de los diseños curriculares y analizan posturas en torno a la formación basada en competencias, para proponer la opción del modelo sistémico complejo. Para que los veterinarios logren incrementar su desempeño efectivo e impactar positivamente en sus territorios laborales, es necesario fortalecer su pensamiento sistémico sobre la interdependencia de la salud humana, animal y ambiental, así como su capacidad de moverse en diferentes entornos sociales, políticos, legales y culturales. Los profesionales de la medicina veterinaria deben ser competentes para diseñar, gestionar y evaluar las interacciones entre los seres humanos, los animales y su medio y conformar equipos multidisciplinarios. Las estrategias educativas para mejorar la comprensión de los estudiantes de los determinantes sociológicos y ecológicos de la salud, así como sus responsabilidades profesionales, no deberían ser un agregado a planes de estudio por demás disciplinares y fragmentados
Physiopunk Vol 1
Authors:   Universitetet i Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway, Maric Filip , Nikolaisen Liv , Bårdsen Åse
Published: November 2021

Physiopunk emerged out of an introductory public health module for first-year students in the Bachelor program in physiotherapy at UiT The Arctic University of Norway. Throughout the module, students gradually expanded their view of physiotherapy, from its past and present individual and physical health focus toward the integration of social and ecological issues as fundamental determinants of health. Because considering and addressing social and ecological issues is still a novelty in physiotherapy that will require considerable innovation and transformation, students were finally invited to conclude their learning by writing fictional stories about diverse futures for physiotherapy.
The melting polar ice
Authors:   Universitetet i Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway, Ingilæ Erika Jorunsdatter
Published: November 2021

‘The melting polar ice’ throws the reader right in the middle of what feels like a great voyage and great adventure. Ongoing global environmental degradation has dramatically increased the melting of permafrost and polar ice caps with troublesome effects for life and health all around. There is a sense of anxiety that comes with recognising the responsibilities with becoming a healthcare professional today, but also a newfound courage in taking them on. In the midst of all these troubles, hope wells up as awareness leads to action and collaboration across any conceivable boundary. Innovative technologies, indigenous leadership and healthcare professionals come together to work towards fantastic solutions with benefits for people and planet alike. Quite powerfully, ‘The melting polar ice’ expresses the sense of purpose that comes with working toward long-term visions and care for the future, working not only for the present, but also the health of future generations that depend on a healthy environment. Enjoy the ride.
Livet under kupler
Authors:   Universitetet i Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway, Molden Oda
Published: November 2021

"Livet under kupler" er satt i en futuristisk verden etter at betydelig ødeleggelse har ført til ugjestmilde og ustabile værforhold. Dette har presset menneske-, dyre- og planteliv til nye urbane omgivelser under beskyttende kupler. Teknologien er svært avansert, og mennesker, roboter og kunstig intelligens lever og arbeider fredelig side om side. Dette sikrer bærekraftige økosystemer, fremmer biologisk mangfold og god mental og fysisk helse for folk. Å bygge kupler og forskjellige økosystemer i dem blir et helsetiltak i seg selv, da det gir ly og rehabiliterende rom for mennesker, planter og dyr. Gjennom sin utforskning av nye oppgaver gir fortellingen en følelse av at fremtidige samfunn ikke kan gjenta det som har skjedd "der ute" før. For at befolkningen skal ha god helse må miljøet de lever i beskyttes, uansett hvordan vi bor.
Sirkler
Authors:   Universitetet i Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway, Anmarkrud Sigrid Johanne
Published: November 2021

Fortellingen "Sirkler" tar oss med på en fantastisk reise der vi kommer i dyp kontakt med jorden under føttene våre. I denne historien samler fremtidige fysioterapeuter i nordområdene reinsdyrgjødsel for å støtte veksten av planter som kan bidra til å redusere kvikksølvforurensning, – et veldig aktuelt problem i arktiske strøk. Også denne historien viser hvordan samarbeid og nysgjerrighet kan vende et dårlig utgangspunkt til noe bedre og åpne opp for nye muligheter og nye oppgaver. I utforskningen av disse nye oppgavene, – graving av gjødsel og glede ved å berøre jorden med hendene, – minner teksten oss om at selv en liten handling kan påvirke den store helheten og bidra til sunnere og mer bærekraftige fremtider.
Semeando ideias para mudar o mundo
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil, Vieira Adriane
Published: November 2021

Em muitos aspectos me encantou ler as diferentes histórias construídas e compartilhadas no projeto Physiopunk – Speculative fiction for future physiotherapies, desenvolvido junto aos alunos do curso de Fisioterapia da UiT Norges arktiske universitet. Além de incentivar os estudantes a pensar de forma mais ampla questões de saúde e sustentabilidade do planeta, o projeto é um incentivo à criatividade, à produção textual e à reflexão sobre o que esperamos do futuro e sobre qual é o nosso papel na promoção de um mundo melhor e mais saudável.
Der Salzburger Erzbischof und seine Juden
Authors: Wiedl Birgit
Published: November 2021

This article analyzes the relationship between the Archbishops of Salzburg and the Jewish inhabitants of their territory. Unlike other prince-(arch)bishops of the Holy Roman Empire who actively promoted their Jewish communities, the Archbishops of Salzburg showed significantly less interest in their Jewish subjects and only seldomly made use of their financial capacities. Nevertheless, they claimed lordship over the Jews of their territory and defined the legal parameters under which Jewish life flourished in the archbishopric’s major towns; individual Jews and their families were given special privileges. After two major persecutions in 1349 and 1404, the latter of which took place at least with the archbishop’s consent, Archbishop Leonhard von Keutschach expelled all Jewish inhabitants in 1498, ending the medieval Jewish settlement in the archbishopric.
The application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment (EMDR) on adults with foreign language anxiety
Authors: Toprak-Yildiz Tugba Elif , Colak Tugba Seda , Koc Mustafa , Dusunceli Betul
Published: November 2021

The present study aimed to apply Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment to foreign language (FL) anxiety, a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that has been found to exert profound effects on many aspects of FL learning and performance. EMDR originally emerged as a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and a great number of studies demonstrated empirically its potential for treating and coping with various psychological disorders. The present study used the Single-Case Design (SCD). EMDR was given to two volunteer adult EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners experiencing severe FL anxiety. The effect of the treatment on FL anxiety was tracked and measured by using two separate scales of FL anxiety and obtaining self-reports of distress from the subjects. The long-term effects of EMDR were checked through two separate follow-up assessments. The results clearly demonstrated that EMDR was effective in reducing FL anxiety and increasing subjects’ positive cognition.
Personality traits as predictors of language learner engagement
Authors: Angelovska Tanja , Mercer Sarah , Talbot Kyle Read
Published: November 2021

Engagement is seen as a highly desirable outcome and process contributing to successful learning. In second language acquisition (SLA), we know comparatively little about the nature of engagement for learning a language, in particular the kind of individual differences in learners that account for variations in engagement. In this study, we investigate whether a relationship exists between the engagement of tertiary-level English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students and one key individual difference, student personality traits, as measured by Goldberg, Lewis R. 1992. The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychological Assessment 4(1). 26–42, Big-Five Personality Markers. Participants in this study were 154 EFL tertiary-level students from two universities in Austria. Language learning engagement (LLE) was measured using a modified version of the standardized Student Engagement Instrument (Appleton et al. 2006) adapted specifically for the tertiary-level EFL context in which this study was conducted. The study revealed that trait neuroticism and age predicted LLE and its two dimensions, the cognitive and the affective. Pedagogical implications of the study are presented and discussed.
Compact circular polarized CPW antenna for WLAN and biomedical applications
Authors: Sharma Navneet , Kumar Anubhav , De Asok , Jain Rakesh K.
Published: November 2021

A compact, circularly polarized, CPW-fed antenna is proposed for wearable applications in ISM Band (5.8 GHz). The antenna is based on DGS, where the ground plane is responsible for impedance matching. The 10 dB impedance of the proposed antenna varies from 5.39 GHz to 5.94 GHz. The circular stub introduced in the ground plane mitigates the surface current and enriches the 3 dB axial ratio from 5.73 GHz to 5.92 GHz. Proposed antenna exhibits the LHCP and RHCP pattern of circular polarization, the antenna can effectively work for biomedical and wearable applications. The antenna is analyzed on the skin phantom model and the SAR value obtained is 1.218 W/kg, which is below the maximum permissible level. The proposed antenna is also used for the detection of breast tumors.
Frühe Literatursoziologie und Barockforschung: Arnold Hirschs Verbürgerlichungsthese und ihr wissenschaftsgeschichtlicher Kontext
Authors: Behrs Jan
Published: November 2021

To define more precisely what “literary sociology” means around 1930 (and what it is capable of), the article looks at one particular encounter of sociological theory and literary material: the scholarship on the baroque. Particularly two traits of this specific form of literary sociology are brought into focus: its relation to the antipositivist “Geistesgeschichte” that precedes it and its role in delineating a new form of literary history that delimits the role of the author. Particular attention is given to the writings of the scholar Arnold Hirsch (1901–1954) because they offer a particularly sophisticated reflection of the forms and functions of literary sociology.