bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Customers’ continuance usage of mobile payment during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Istijanto  , Handoko Indria
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected how consumers make payment choices. This study aims to develop a comprehensive model explaining customers’ continuance usage of mobile payment during the COVID-19 pandemic by investigating both the pull (positive) factors of mobile payment and the push (negative) factors of cash payment.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was conducted on 508 mobile payment users. A quota sampling method was applied to collect the data. Then, the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. This study employed SPSS and LISREL software.

Findings

This study reveals that four antecedent factors: favorable attitude toward mobile payment, social influence, facilitating conditions and unfavorable attitude toward cash payment, positively affect the continuance intention to use mobile payment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The finding also corroborates the effect of continuance intention on the actual use of mobile payment.

Practical implications

This research provides valuable insights for formulating business strategies. The results indicate that mobile payment providers should not only consider the positive aspects of mobile payments but also the negative aspects of cash payment when encouraging the continuance usage of mobile payments to customers.

Originality/value

This study is among the first to empirically test the effect of unfavorable attitudes toward cash payment on the continuing use of mobile payment. Specifically, the research extends the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology by adding the push–pull-mooring model to enhance the explanatory power.
Viewpoint: Visibilising Care in the Academy: (Re)Performing Academic Mothering in the Transformative Moment of COVID‐19
Authors: Gilbert Emilee , Pascoe‐Leahy Carla
Published: October 2022

The effects of COVID‐19 have been profoundly felt across higher education as across broader society. In particular, the pandemic has revealed that many of our most stubbornly entrenched inequalities do not simply follow gendered fault lines, but rather care fault lines. In this article, we adopt a maternal epistemology and collaborative witnessing to outline the disruption that academic mothers have experienced during the pandemic. However, we argue that this disruption is not simply obstructive to academic mothers and other caregivers. Rather, COVID‐19 has provided a potentially transformative moment for the visibility and normalisation of care in the academy. It has forced the complex negotiation of paid work and care work that academic mothers must constantly manage into the spotlight. The pandemic has provoked an opportunity for a different performance of mothering in the academy; one that does not require us to invisibilise our care to be valued. This (re)performance and revaluation has the potential to reform the cultural landscapes of the academy, towards spaces in which care is reimagined as not simply an encumberment but also an enrichment.
Distribution and bioaccumulation of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans in the tissues of Yorkshire pig
Authors: Zhang Xuli , Wang Liang , Liu Xiaofang , Liu Xiao , Cao Wencheng , He Jingyi , Fan Jingli , Wen Sheng , Zhou Yan
Published: October 2022

Polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in various foods continuously concern the public. Pork and its byproducts, especially from Yorkshire pigs, are the largest meat food consumed by the general population in China. This study aims to investigate the distribution of PCDD/Fs in different tissues of Yorkshire pigs to understand their bioaccumulation. Yorkshire pigs were fed a known amount of PCDD/Fs through fly ash. PCDD/Fs were determined by isotope dilution method with a gas chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometer. The liver had the highest concentration levels (2041.33 pg/g lipid) and toxic equivalents values (69.14 pg/g lipid), followed by the spleen and lung, and the lowest ones in the brain. The liver also had the highest bioaccumulation of PCDD/Fs, and this level was considerably higher than that of other tissues.

This study showed a strong accumulation capacity of the liver for polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans under short‐term exposure conditions, suggesting that the liver is a more sensitive tissue for monitoring PCDD/Fs in food safety risk monitoring.

Practical Application

This paper may help the consumer in making food choices to minimize the exposure risk to Polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans.
Influences of rurality on small business owner mental well‐being in regional NSW
Authors: Simmons Peter , Dalton Hazel
Published: October 2022

Objective

To explore the influences of rurality on small business owner mental well‐being and approaches to managing stress and mental well‐being.

Design

Semistructured interviews with small businesspeople. Concepts of salutogenesis and pathogenesis were used to interpret rurality influences on business and mental well‐being. A stress‐coping framework was used to categorise approaches to managing mental well‐being.

Setting

Central Western New South Wales.

Participants

Eleven female and male rural small businesspeople across sectors, including farming, allied health, beauty care and retail businesses.

Main Outcome Measures

Interviewee descriptions of experiences of small business and rurality and approaches to managing mental well‐being.

Findings

Rurality influenced mental well‐being in four main ways: Business integration with community and owner identity; Visibility and being known; Different financial pressures; and Options for specialised support and casual relief. Rurality can be salutogenic and pathogenic, depending on circumstances, and pressures arising from rurality may differ for ‘locals’ and recent arrivals. High visibility in a small community can lead to a satisfying sense of belonging and connection. It can also create unwanted feelings of obligation and being watched. Most commonly the interviewees used emotional supports or distraction to adapt to stressors. This may be due to limited options to change or disengage from stressors in rural contexts.

Conclusion

Rurality brings its own benefits and challenges to small businesspeople's mental well‐being. Given the immense contributions of small business to rural society and economies, investments in understanding and supporting the mental well‐being of rural small businesspeople should be a high priority for communities and all levels of government.
Dynamic liver preservation: Are we still missing pieces of the puzzle?
Authors: Blondeel Joris , Monbaliu Diethard , Gilbo Nicholas
Published: October 2022

To alleviate the persistent shortage of donor livers, high‐risk liver grafts are increasingly being considered for liver transplantation. Conventional preservation with static cold storage falls short in protecting these high‐risk livers from ischemia–reperfusion injury, as evident from higher rates of post‐transplant complications such as early allograft dysfunction and ischemic cholangiopathy. Moreover, static cold storage does not allow for a functional assessment of the liver prior to transplantation. To overcome these limitations, dynamic strategies of liver preservation have been proposed, designed to provide a protective effect while allowing pre‐transplant functional assessment. In this review, we discuss how different dynamic preservation strategies exert their effects, where we stand in assessing liver function and what challenges are lying ahead.
Numerical and experimental investigation of a lighthouse tip drainage cannula used in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Fiusco Francesco , Rorro Federico , Broman Lars Mikael , Prahl Wittberg Lisa
Published: October 2022

Background

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a life‐saving therapy used in case of acute respiratory/circulatory failure. Exposure of blood to non‐physiological surfaces and high shear stresses is related to hemolytic damage and platelet activation. A detailed knowledge of the fluid dynamics of the components under different scenarios is thus paramount to assess the thrombogenicity of the circuit.

Methods

An investigation of the flow structures developing in a conventional lighthouse tip (single‐staged) drainage cannula was performed with cross‐validated computational fluid dynamics and particle image velocimetry. The aim was to quantify the variation in drainage performance and stress levels induced by different fluid models, hematocrit and vessel‐to‐cannula flow rate ratios.

Results

The results showed that the 90° bends of the flow through the side holes created a recirculation zone inside the cannula which increased residence time. Flow structures resembling a jet in a crossflow were also observed. The use of different hematocrits did not significantly affect drainage performances. The most proximal set of holes drained the largest fraction of fluid. However, different flow rate ratios altered the flow rate drained through the tip. The use of 2D data led to a 50% underestimation of shear rate levels. In the drainage zone the non‐Newtonian behavior of blood was less relevant.

Conclusions

The most proximal holes drained the largest amount of fluid. The flow features and distribution of flow rates among the holes showed little dependence on the hematocrit. The non‐Newtonian behavior of blood had a small influence on the dynamics of the flow.
Urgency for bowel movements is a highly discriminatory symptom of active disease in persons with IBD (the Manitoba Living with IBD study)
Authors: Kulyk Andrea , Shafer Leigh Anne , Graff Lesley A. , Stone James , Witges Kelcie , Targownik Laura E. , Bernstein Charles N.
Published: October 2022

Background

The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptom Inventory (IBDSI) is a validated patient self‐reported measure used to assess IBD disease activity. There have yet to be more granular analyses on which symptoms are most associated with active disease.

Aims

To assess the prevalence of symptoms, and to examine which are most associated with disease activity as measured by a symptom index and objective measure of inflammation

Methods

The Manitoba Living with IBD Study is a prospective study of 156 participants with confirmed IBD who completed bi‐weekly IBDSI. Relative risks (RR) and predictive values (NPV and PPV) were reported for each symptom to predict active disease defined as active IBDSI, self‐reported flare and elevated faecal calprotectin (FCAL) (>250 μg/g). Analyses were undertaken following stratification based on sex, and disease type (Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC]).

Results

In total, 69.2% were female; 64.7% had CD. Fatigue was the most prevalent symptom in both inactive and active disease, across all three disease measures (IBDSI: 24.5% and 75.1%, self‐reported flare: 42.2% and 72.2%, FCAL: 46.0% and 60.6%). The absence of fatigue had a high NPV for active IBDSI and self‐reporting a flare in both CD and UC. Urgency had a consistently strong NPV and RR across all three disease measures in both IBD subtypes and sexes. The number of loose/liquid bowel movements predicted elevated FCAL in UC (RR males = 3.5, 95% CI 1.2–9.9, RR females = 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.7), as did blood in stool in UC females (RR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.7). In males with CD, excessive bowel gas (RR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.4) and urgency (RR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.6–9.3) best predicted an elevated FCAL. No symptom was strongly predictive of an elevated FCAL in CD females.

Conclusions

Urgency was consistently associated with disease activity, irrespective of the disease measure. Fatigue was the most prevalent symptom irrespective of disease activity measure. Individual symptoms have different impacts on subjective (IBDSI) and objective (FCAL) measures in IBD.
Engaging studies of children in the Bible: What is going on and why you should care
Authors: Parker Julie Faith
Published: October 2022

This article strengthens the relationship between childhood studies and biblical studies by introducing the field of childist biblical criticism to other child‐focused disciplines. A brief overview explains why studying children in the Bible is critical for understanding this ancient text and its world. Most of the article focuses on the tools used for gathering evidence and the methodologies used in childist scholarship. Discussion of the terms ‘childist’ and ‘childism’ then urges adoption of both terms as conveying positive meaning. Throughout the discussion and explicitly in the conclusion, this article shows what childist biblical studies contribute to the wider movement of childism and securing children's rights.
Children and families with no recourse to public funds: Learning from case reviews
Authors: Jolly Andrew , Gupta Anna
Published: October 2022

This paper reviews 26 reports into deaths and serious abuse of children in families who were subject to the No Recourse to Public Funds (NRPF) rule. Our analysis illustrates vulnerabilities caused by exclusionary policies, exacerbating social deprivation and isolation experienced by the children and families and making it more difficult for professionals to respond in ways which safeguarded children's welfare. Drawing upon a social model for protecting children that requires recognition of the social determinants of harm and the economic, social and cultural barriers faced by families, we examine the experiences of children and families with NRPF who were the subject of a serious case review, and the responses of agencies responsible for safeguarding child welfare. We conclude with recommendations for practices aimed at promoting the rights and well‐being of children and families subject to NRPF rules.
The mesocolic apical fragment in complete mesocolic excision colectomies: Should it be analysed separately? A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Livadaru Cristian , Morarasu Stefan , Bargaoanu Roxana , Iacob Stefan , Frunza Tudor , Musina Ana Maria , Velenciuc Natalia , Roata Cristian Ene , Zugun‐Eloae Florin , Ferariu Dan , Lunca Sorinel , Dimofte Mihail‐Gabriel
Published: October 2022

Aim

The aim of this work is to describe a protocol and assess the feasibility of harvesting and analysing the mesocolic apical fragment (MAF) for the presence of central lymph node (LN) metastasis and extra lymphatic free tumour cells in a random subgroup extracted from a cohort of complete mesocolic excision colectomies with central vascular ligation.

Method

Forty‐seven patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer were included. A 2/2 cm pyramid of tissue was cut around the central tie and sent for pathological examination. The MAF was sectioned into 16 slices. High‐definition images were taken from the slices which were merged into a panoramic three‐dimensional image of the MAF. The distribution of LNs in the MAF was quantified. Immunohistochemistry staining for cytokeratin 14 was used to identify isolated tumour cells and micrometastases in the extranodal tissue.

Results

No tumoural cells migrating through the apical zone, outside of the LNs, were identified. Margins of resection, mesocolic tissue and LNs were all negative in the subgroup of ultrastaged MAFs. The number of examined central LNs varied between 0 and 24, with positive MAF LNs being identified only in pN2 stages. The rate of positive apical LNs in our cohort was 4.2% (n = 2).

Conclusions

The MAF can be easily extracted from standard specimens, allowing for accurate analysis of lymphatic and extra‐nodal tumour cells on the central resection margins, in central LNs and in the apical mesocolic tissue. Future research on larger cohorts is required to establish if analysing the MAF has an impact on patient staging, prognosis and management.
Legal access to alcohol and automobile accidents: Potential interactive effects of alcohol and drug consumption
Authors: Depew Briggs , Meyer Jacob
Published: October 2022

The combination of drugged and drunk driving is an important policy topic as some states and countries have liberalized prohibitions on substance use to varying degrees. In this study, we analyze the effect of legal access to alcohol on suspected drug impaired accidents. We find that accidents with suspected drug impairment significantly increase when a driver gains legal access to alcohol at age 21. Our findings suggest that even if alcohol and drug consumption are substitutes, as much of the literature suggests, potential interactive effects may offset the reduction in decreased alcohol consumption from drugs.
Impaired spatial navigation and age‐dependent hippocampal synaptic dysfunction are associated with chronic inflammatory response in db/db mice
Authors: Al‐Onaizi Mohammed , Al‐Sarraf Ahmad , Braysh Kawthar , Kazem Fatema , Al‐Hussaini Heba , Rao Muddanna , Kilarkaje Narayana , ElAli Ayman
Published: October 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has been proposed to be driven by an abnormal neuroinflammatory response affecting cognitive function. However, the impact of T2DM on hippocampal function and synaptic integrity during aging has not been investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of aging in T2DM on AD‐like pathology using the leptin receptor‐deficient db/db mouse model of T2DM. Our results indicate that adult T2DM mice exhibited impaired spatial acquisition in the Morris water maze (MWM). Morphological analysis showed an age‐dependent neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus. We found that astrocyte density was significantly decreased in all regions of the hippocampus in T2DM mice. Our analysis showed that microglial activation was increased in the CA3 and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in an age‐dependent manner in T2DM mice. However, the expression of presynaptic marker protein (synaptophysin) and the postsynaptic marker protein [postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95)] was unchanged in the hippocampus of adult T2DM mice. Interestingly, synaptophysin and PSD95 expression significantly decreased in the hippocampus of aged T2DM mice, suggesting an impaired hippocampal synaptic integrity. Cytokine profiling analysis displayed a robust pro‐inflammatory cytokine profile in the hippocampus of aged T2DM mice compared with the younger cohort, outlining the role of aging in exacerbating the neuroinflammatory profile in the diabetic state. Our results suggest that T2DM impairs cognitive function by promoting neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus and triggering an age‐dependent deterioration in hippocampal synaptic integrity, associated with an aberrant neuroinflammatory response.
Labor unemployment risk and firm risk
Authors: Devos Erik , Rahman Shofiqur
Published: October 2022

This paper examines the effect of labor unemployment risk on firm risk. Using unemployment insurance benefits as a proxy for unemployment risk, we find an economically significant positive relation between unemployment risk and firm risk. This positive relation is more pronounced for firms that are more labor‐intensive, have a higher layoff propensity and are more financially constrained. While existing literature that employs corporate policy measures such as debt and cash holdings suggests an opposite relationship, our paper presents evidence that the effects stemming from earnings management, earnings quality and reporting quality appear to dominate.
Genomic differentiation in Pacific cod usingPool‐Seq
Authors: Spies Ingrid , Tarpey Carolyn , Kristiansen Trond , Fisher Mary , Rohan Sean , Hauser Lorenz
Published: October 2022

Patterns of genetic differentiation across the genome can provide insight into selective forces driving adaptation. We used pooled whole genome sequencing, gene annotation, and environmental covariates to evaluate patterns of genomic differentiation and to investigate mechanisms responsible for divergence among proximate Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) populations from the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands and more distant Washington Coast cod. Samples were taken from eight spawning locations, three of which were replicated to estimate consistency in allele frequency estimation. A kernel smoothing moving weighted average of relative divergence (FST) identified 11 genomic islands of differentiation between the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea samples. In some islands of differentiation, there was also elevated absolute divergence (dXY) and evidence for selection, despite proximity and potential for gene flow. Similar levels of absolute divergence (dXY) but roughly double the relative divergence (FST) were observed between the distant Bering Sea and Washington Coast samples. Islands of differentiation were much smaller than the four large inversions among Atlantic cod ecotypes. Islands of differentiation between the Bering Sea and Aleutian Island were associated with SNPs from five vision system genes, which can be associated with feeding, predator avoidance, orientation, and socialization. We hypothesize that islands of differentiation between Pacific cod from the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands provide evidence for adaptive differentiation despite gene flow in this commercially important marine species.
Climate change and commercial fishing practices codetermine survival of a long‐lived seabird
Authors: Gibson Daniel , Riecke Thomas V. , Catlin Daniel H. , Hunt Kelsi L. , Weithman Chelsea E. , Koons David N. , Karpanty Sarah M. , Fraser James D.
Published: October 2022

Understanding the environmental mechanisms that govern population change is a fundamental objective in ecology. Although the determination of how top‐down and bottom‐up drivers affect demography is important, it is often equally critical to understand the extent to which, environmental conditions that underpin these drivers fluctuate across time. For example, associations between climate and both food availability and predation risk may suggest the presence of trophic interactions that may influence inferences made from patterns in ecological data. Analytical tools have been developed to account for these correlations, while providing opportunities to ask novel questions regarding how populations change across space and time. Here, we combine two modeling disciplines—path analysis and mark‐recapture‐recovery models—to explore whether shifts in sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) influenced top‐down (entanglement in fishing equipment) or bottom‐up (forage fish production) population constraints over 60 years, and the extent to which these covarying processes shaped the survival of a long‐lived seabird, the Royal tern. We found that hemispheric trends in SST were associated with variation in the amount of fish harvested along the Atlantic coast of North America and in the Caribbean, whereas reductions in forage fish production were mostly driven by shifts in the amount of fish harvested by commercial fisheries throughout the North Atlantic the year prior. Although the indirect (i.e., stock depletion) and direct (i.e., entanglement) impacts of commercial fishing on Royal tern mortality has declined over the last 60 years, increased SSTs during this time period has resulted in a comparable increase in mortality risk, which disproportionately impacted the survival of the youngest age‐classes of Royal terns. Given climate projections for the North Atlantic, our results indicate that threats to Royal tern population persistence in the Mid‐Atlantic will most likely be driven by failures to recruit juveniles into the breeding population.
Three Common Machine Learning Algorithms Neither Enhance Prediction Accuracy Nor Reduce Spatial Autocorrelation in Residuals: An Analysis of Twenty‐five Socioeconomic Data Sets
Authors: Song Insang , Kim Daehyun
Published: October 2022

Machine learning (ML) is being applied in an increasing volume of geographical research. However, the aspects of spatial autocorrelation (SAC) in the residuals produced by ML models have been understudied compared to the benefit of ML, namely, reduction of prediction errors. In this study, we examined the relationship between predictive accuracy and the reduction in the residual SAC for 597 variables from 25 geographical socio‐economic data sets using spatial and nonspatial cross‐validation of three ML algorithms such as random forests, support vector machine, and artificial neural network (ANN) to provide an extensive empirical diagnosis—but not a definitive theory—of the relationship between SAC and ML. Our results highlighted that the ML algorithms with tuned hyperparameters yielded marginal predictive accuracy gains and the minimal decreases in residual SAC. ANN revealed lower accuracy and higher reduction in the residual SAC than others. This implies ML algorithms in geographical research in socio‐economic domains would not always result in higher prediction accuracy. We suggest that ML in geographical research should be cautiously employed when the main objective is related to the residual SAC. We also showed that spatial cross‐validation neither improves predictive accuracy substantially nor reduce the residual SAC effectively.
Spatial protection tools as indicators of the ‘health’ of the Antarctic Treaty system
Authors: Roura Ricardo M.
Published: October 2022

What do ongoing discussions about Antarctic spatial protection tools tell us about the ‘health’ or overall condition of the Antarctic Treaty system 60 years after its entry into force? The Antarctic Treaty (1959, in force 1961) resulted from the alignment of common international interests (e.g., maintenance of peace, freedom of scientific investigation) with the national interests of original signatory states (e.g., ‘freezing’ of diverging positions on territorial claims). Later instruments adopted by Antarctic Treaty states replicated this scheme and allowed agreement on, among other issues, environmental protection, and marine ecosystem conservation. This paper draws on an examination of the series of spatial protection tools in force established by the main Antarctic Treaty system bodies, and observations conducted in annual decision‐making meetings. Issues of conflict emerge as the size, complexity, and conservation ambitions of spatial protection tools increase, resulting in a weakening of the proposals and lack of consensus. This paper argues that establishing spatial protection tools reflects an intent by Antarctic Treaty states to engage with the Antarctic Treaty system for the longer term; however, the establishment trajectory of spatial protection tools is sensitive to resource interests and broader Antarctic geopolitics. Ongoing difficulties of Antarctic Treaty fora to reach consensus on the spatial protection tools they agreed to establish – and on other important issues – bring into question the current effectiveness of the Antarctic Treaty system. The path to recovery requires Antarctic Treaty states to negotiate in good faith with a view to finding consensus, while upholding the environmental objectives of Antarctic Treaty system instruments.
Climate justice and loss and damage: Hurricane Dorian, Haitians and human rights
Authors: Thomas Adelle , Benjamin Lisa
Published: October 2022

Geographical place, socioeconomic status and citizenship matter in the context of climate change. The most vulnerable members of society are frequently the ones hardest hit by climate‐induced extreme events. Vulnerable communities often live in climate‐exposed locations, and have access to fewer resources to prepare for and respond to disasters. This is the case for Haitian migrants in The Bahamas—vulnerable communities located within a climate‐vulnerable country. Haitian communities were the locus of the majority of deaths and missing people attributed to the 2019 Hurricane Dorian and faced a series of distributional, procedural and recognition injustices. We investigate the historical factors and contemporary conditions of Haitian communities in The Bahamas that resulted in significant inequities, disproportional impacts and infractions of human rights by the Bahamian government. We show how this experience complexifies discourse on loss and damage and climate‐induced migration in small island developing states and exemplifies the need for human rights approaches to loss and damage that incorporate multi‐scalar dimensions of climate justice.
Retro review: Fossils
Authors: Donovan S. Kenneth
Published: October 2022

The monographs of the New Naturalist book series have been a source of information for natural historians in the British Isles since the 1940s. Unlike the books dedicated to birds, insects, plants and other aspects of our natural environment, the only volume devoted specifically to Fossils was first published in 1960. Over 60 years later, is it still worthy of our attention?
Bioactivity analysis of calcium silicate‐based sealers and repair cements on the phenotype and cytokine secretion profile of CD14+ monocytes: An ex vivo study
Authors: Castro‐Jara Silvia , Antilef Bárbara , Osbén Carolina , Alcántara Raúl , Fraga Marco , Nova‐Lamperti Estefanía , Sánchez‐Sanhueza Gabriela
Published: October 2022

Aim

This study evaluated the immune bioactivity of testing media (TM) obtained from different calcium silicate‐based sealers and cements on monocyte morphology, activation, differentiation and cytokine secretion.

Methods

Blood‐derived CD14+ monocytes were isolated and cultured for 5 days with 25% TM from the following calcium silicate‐based materials: TotalFill BC RRM Fast‐Set Putty, Biodentine, TotalFill BC Sealer and BioRoot‐Root‐Canal‐Sealer (RCS). A resin‐based endodontic cement was used as a control. The expression of surface markers such as CD86, HLA‐DR, CD16, CD309 and CD209, and cytokine secretion were analysed by flow cytometry. Data were analysed using the one‐way repeated measures analysis of variance (anova) multiple comparison test and a Holm–Sidak multiple comparison post‐hoc test (p < .05).

Results

This comparative analysis revealed that monocytes co‐cultured with calcium silicate‐based materials showed a spindle‐shaped morphology compared with the round shape observed in the control. Regarding activation markers, BioRoot‐RCS and Biodentine significantly increased CD86 expression compared with the control sample, whereas no significant differences (p > .05) were observed in HLA‐DR expression. In addition, no differences were observed among the differentiation markers. When the inflammatory cytokines were analysed, BioRoot‐RCS increased the secretion of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10 and TNF‐α, whereas BioRoot‐RCS and Biodentine significantly decreased IL‐8 production (p < .05).

Conclusions

These data showed that the calcium silicate‐based materials tested changed the morphology of CD14+ monocytes; however, only BioRoot‐RCS and Biodentine significantly upregulated CD86. In addition, BioRoot‐RCS was the sealer with the highest immunomodulatory properties for cytokine production which means that it can contribute with the in vivo healing process and regeneration of periapical lesions.
Heterogeneous material joining of sapphire and TC4 alloy with a functionally graded interface
Authors: Li Wanjun , Ji Wei , Zhu Qiqi , Fan Bowen , Zou Ji , Wang Weimin , Fu Zhengyi
Published: October 2022

The natural high brittleness of sapphire leads to its poor machinability, which limits its application shape and size. The connection between sapphire and metal provides a new method to prepare large‐size sapphire components and complex structural parts. In this study, sapphire and TC4 alloy were joined by spark plasma sintering (SPS) diffusion technology with Al2O3‐Ti as interlayer fillers. The effects of filler composition, sintering temperature, microstructure, and phase distribution on the strength of the joint were explored. The results showed that sapphire and TC4 could be well connected by SPS with Al2O3‐Ti fillers. The microstructure of the joint showed no obvious defect or element enrichment. The optimized shear strength of sapphire/interlayer(Al2O3‐Ti)/TC4 joint reached 121 MPa, and the fracture path mode was sapphire‐interlayer‐TC4, indicating the strong bonding between the heterogeneous materials. The sapphire/interlayer(Al2O3‐Ti)/TC4 structure could relieve the residual stress caused by the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient in direct connection between sapphire and TC4.
Dietary supplements for aggressive behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities: A randomised controlled crossover trial
Authors: Gast David A. A. , Didden Robert , Westera Johanna J. , van de Rest Ondine , van Hemert Albert M. , Giltay Erik J.
Published: October 2022

Background

Aggressive incidents are common in people with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether supplementation of multivitamins, minerals, and omega‐3 fatty acids (FA) reduces aggressive incidents.

Methods

We conducted a randomised, triple blind, placebo controlled, single crossover intervention trial. People with intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning, between 12 and 40 years of age, and showing aggressive behaviour were included. Participants received either a daily dose of dietary supplements, or placebo. Primary outcome was the number of aggressive incidents, measured using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS).

Results

there were 113 participants (placebo, n = 56), of whom 24 (placebo, n = 10) participated in the crossover phase of the trial. All 137 trajectories were included in the analyses. There was no significant difference in mean number of aggressive incidents per day between those assigned to supplements and those who received placebo (rate ratio = 0.93: 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.59–1.45).

Conclusion

In this pragmatic trial, we did not find significant differences in the outcomes between the supplement and placebo arms. The COVID‐19 pandemic started midway through our trial, this may have affected the results.
Biogeographic ancestry information facilitates genetic racial essentialism: Consequences for race‐based judgments
Authors: James Drexler , Bonam Courtney M.
Published: October 2022

Direct‐to‐consumer genetic ancestry tests measurebiogeographic ancestry(BGA), which refers to an individual's ancestral origin in relation to major population groups. There is growing concern that biogeographic information exaggerates both false beliefs about racial genetic differences and, ultimately, racial bias. Across three studies (N = 1317), we find that biogeographic information impacts racial categorization and beliefs about both genetic racial essentialism (i.e., the extent to which people believe that race is genetically derived) and biological race differences. Specifically, we find people are more likely to categorize Black/White biracial targets as Black and believe that a target is more biologically different from White people (e.g., has thicker skin) as the target's percentsub‐Saharan African biogeographic ancestry(ABGA) increases (Studies 1 and 2). We also find that people misrepresent BGA as “race genes,” such that they perceive Black/White biracial targets with more ABGA as sharing more genes with Black people, which then predicts greater Black racial categorization of the target and increased beliefs that the target is susceptible to certain physical and mental illnesses (Study 2). Notably, BGA remains a predictor of these outcomes even when people know the target's specificracial ancestry, that is, their exact number of Black grandparents (Study 2). Finally, we find that exposing people to the idea that race is genetically derived, compared to biologically derived, exaggerates beliefs that genes determine both human life (genetic essentialism) and racial categories (genetic racial essentialism; Study 3). We discuss implications for studying psychological essentialism, racial bias, and racial health disparities.
Madagascar's grassy biomes are ancient and there is much to learn about their ecology and evolution
Authors: Bond William J. , Silander John A. , Ratsirarson Joelisoa
Published: October 2022

For most of the 20th century, the hypothesis was accepted that Madagascar's extensive grass‐dominated ecosystems were of anthropogenic origin, carved out of pristine forests after a mere two millennia of human settlement. We tested an alternative hypothesis that these C4 grassy ecosystems were part of the general Late Miocene expansion of tropical grassy biomes, using diverse data from published sources (Bond et al. 2008). Joseph and Seymour (2021) criticised this paper, which they see as seminal to subsequent studies on the grasslands. Here we respond to their critique of our study. We also briefly note diverse studies since 2008 pointing to the ancient origin of Madagascar's C4 grasses and the ecosystems they dominate. We conclude with key research needs that will help promote open‐minded research on these long neglected grassy biomes. The answers would be of considerable scientific and public interest but may also contribute to enlightened management of forest/grassland mosaics.
Role of TNFSF15 variants in oral cancer development and clinicopathologic characteristics
Authors: Lu Hsueh‐Ju , Chuang Chun‐Yi , Su Chun‐Wen , Chen Mu‐Kuan , Yang Wei‐En , Yeh Chia‐Ming , Tang Chih‐Hsin , Lin Chiao‐Wen , Yang Shun‐Fa
Published: October 2022

Tumour necrosis family superfamily (TNFSF) member 15 (TNFSF15), encoded by TNFSF15, regulates immune responses and inflammation. However, the roles of TNFSF15 single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs; formerly SNPs) in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) remain unclear. This case–control study included 2523 participants (1324 patients with OCSCC [52.5%] and 1199 healthy controls [47.5%]). The effects of TNFSF15 rs3810936, rs6478108 and rs6478109 on cancer development and prognosis were analysed by real‐time PCR genotype assay. The Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were used to validate our findings. The results demonstrated that the patients with altered TNFSF15 SNVs had poorer histological differentiation than did those with wild‐type alleles. TNFSF15 SNVs were significantly associated with moderate‐to‐poor histological differentiation in univariate logistic regression. In the GTEx database, the expression of altered TNFSF15 SNVs in whole blood was lower than that of wild‐type alleles. However, the expression of altered SNVs in the upper aerodigestive mucosa was higher than that of wild‐type alleles. In the TCGA database, the patients with higher TNFSF15 expression had shorter overall survival than did those with lower TNFSF15 expression, especially for human papillomavirus‐negative and advanced staging groups. In conclusion, although TNFSF15 SNVs did not affect OCSCC development, the patients with altered TNFSF15 SNVs exhibited poorer histological differentiation. The patients with higher TNFSF15 expression had poorer prognosis than did those with lower TNFSF15 expression.
Dual‐class share structure and innovation
Authors: Baran Lindsay , Forst Arno , Tony Via M.
Published: October 2022

Using a sample of dual‐class firms matched with single‐class firms possessing similar antitakeover protection, we find a positive association between disproportionate insider control and patent output, quality, creativity, research and development efficiency, and chief executive officer innovative risk taking. We also find, however, that the positive effects of disproportionate control on innovation are concentrated in financially constrained firms and firms in highly competitive industries, and that the positive effects dissipate within 10 years after the initial public offering. Most important, the positive effect of dual‐class structures for innovation is conditional on the presence of innovative insiders in the firm. These findings imply that entrenchment through concentrated control in the hands of uniquely innovative corporate insiders provides a positive environment for innovativeness beyond the entrenchment effects of alternative antitakeover measures.
Effects of oxidized soybean oil on the performance of sows and jejunum health of suckling piglets
Authors: Gao Feng , Wang Chuanqi , Zhang Wentao , Shi Baoming
Published: October 2022

Oils provide a considerable amount of energy to the swine diet, but they are prone to lipid oxidation if not properly preserved. Consumption of oxidized oils can adversely affect the animal organism and even the offspring. This study investigated the impact of oxidized soybean oil in the diets of sows from 107 days gestation to 21 days of lactation on the performance of sows and jejunum health of suckling piglets. Sixteen sows were randomly allocated into two groups: one group (n = 8) was fed with the fresh soybean oil (FSO) diet, and another group (n = 8) was treated with the oxidized soybean oil (OSO) diet. Dietary oxidized soybean oil does not affect sow performance. Antioxidant enzyme activity in the milk was reduced significantly in the OSO group, such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), and catalase (CAT) activities (p < 0.05). On Day 21, oxidized soybean oil increased tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and interleukin 8 (IL‐8) levels in sow milk and the concentrations of TNF‐α and IL‐8 cytokines in plasma (p < 0.05). Suckling piglets from sows fed on OSO showed a trend towards increased IL‐6 and TNF‐α in plasma (p < 0.1). The mRNA expression of interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) was augmented, whereas interleukin 10 (IL‐10) was decreased, and zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) had a tendency to be down‐regulated in OSO treatment. This study revealed that the OSO of feed decreased the antioxidant capacity of milk, further contributing to the inflammatory response in the jejunum of suckling piglets.
Transarterial chemoembolisation for palliative treatment of renal cell carcinoma in two dogs with pulmonary metastasis
Authors: Kimata A. , Ishigaki K. , Tamura K. , Iizuka K. , Sakurai N. , Terai K. , Heishima T. , Yoshida O. , Asano K.
Published: October 2022

Two dogs with anorexia and rapid weight loss were referred to our hospital due to a right renal mass and several pulmonary nodules. Both dogs underwent needle core biopsy of the mass, followed by transarterial chemoembolisation of the renal mass. A catheter was inserted from the femoral artery and advanced into the right renal artery. A suspension of carboplatin (100 mg/m2) and equivalent lipiodol was administered via the inserted multipurpose catheter. Immediately after, under fluoroscopic guidance, pulse injections of small amounts of gelatin particles (diameter 1 mm) dissolved in iohexol were administered until complete embolisation of the renal artery. Histopathologic diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma in both dogs. Clinical signs improved for 134 and 358 days after transarterial chemoembolisation. In addition, postoperative radiographs demonstrated a decrease in the tumour size. The dogs died 215 and 525 days after the initial evaluation, respectively. As a palliative treatment, transarterial chemoembolisation might help reduce the tumour volume and improve the quality of life in dogs with renal cell carcinoma and distant metastases.
Ventral organization of Jianfengia multisegmentalis Hou, and its implications for the head segmentation of megacheirans
Authors: Zhang Xilin , Liu Yu , O'Flynn Robert J. , Schmidt Michel , Melzer Roland R. , Hou Xianguang , Mai Huijuan , Guo Jin , Yu Mengxiao , Ortega‐Hernández Javier
Published: October 2022

Megacheirans, or great‐appendage euarthropods, have featured prominently in discussions regarding the early evolution of the head region in total‐group Euarthropoda. However, several aspects of the ventral morphology of most representatives remain incompletely known given the loss of data associated with fossil compression, coupled with the rarity of some of these taxa. Here, we describe the ventral aspect of head organization of the jianfengiid megacheiran Jianfengia multisegmentalis using micro computed‐tomography, and explore its evolutionary significance. The head consists of a pair of stalked eyes, a pair of great appendages, and four pairs of biramous appendages, all covered by a dorsal head shield. The rostral portion of the head bears a median projection, which we interpret as an anterior sclerite akin to that observed in several other Cambrian euarthropods. The anterior sclerite in J. multisegmentalis articulates with robust stalks with rounded projections in a more adaxial position, and bears the compound eyes. Critically, the ventral side of the head of J. multisegmentalis features a prominent lobe‐shaped hypostome/labrum complex located immediately behind the great appendages, and between the first pair of biramous appendages. This situation is consistent with that observed in Leanchoilia illecebrosa and suggests a conserved, and possibly ancestral, pattern of a six‐segmented head (eyes, great appendages and four biramous limb appendages) with a hypostome/labrum complex for Megacheira. The existence of the hypostome/labrum complex in J. multisegmentalis falsifies the hypothesis that the anterior projections on the head of jianfengiids might be homologues of the euarthropod labrum.
The genesis of Xindian gold deposit, Liaodong Peninsula, NE China: Constraints from zircon U–Pb ages, S–Pb isotopes, and pyrite trace element chemistry
Authors: Yu Bing , Zeng Qingdong , Frimmel Hartwig E. , Yang Jinhui , Zhou Lingli , Drakou Foteini , Mcclenaghan Sean H. , Wang Yongbin , Wang Ruiliang
Published: October 2022

The Xindian deposit is a medium tonnage (>5 tonnes of Au) quartz vein‐type gold deposit located on the south‐central part of the Liaodong Peninsula, China. A total of 37 auriferous quartz veins are hosted within the Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks of the Gaixian Formation and Late Triassic porphyritic biotite granite. Mineral paragenesis indicates that gold mineralization took place in three stages: early milky quartz‐pyrite stage, main gray quartz‐polymetallic sulfide and gold stage, and late quartz‐calcite‐pyrite stage. Silicification and pyritization are spatially and temporally associated with the main mineralization stage. Zircon U–Pb dating from dikes that predate and postdate the mineralization constrain the timing of mineralization to the Early Cretaceous, between 127.2 and 120.9 Ma. High‐precision in‐situ S isotope analyses yielded δ34S values for pyrite, sphalerite and galena of 10.1–11.0‰, 10.3–10.5‰, and 8.6–8.8‰, respectively, indicating that S was derived from the multiple sources. In‐situ Pb isotope analyses resulted in 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 206Pb/204Pb ratios of 38.207–38.634, 15.598–15.668, and 18.027–18.143, respectively, for pyrite and galena, suggesting Pb derivation from a mixture of Gaixian Formation metamorphic rocks and other potential sources. In‐situ LA‐ICP‐MS trace element mapping and spot analyses show that the inner core of the pyrite (Py‐ic) formed early and is generally enriched in Au, As, Co, Ni, Bi, and Te, the outer core of the pyrite (Py‐oc) contains less Co, Ni, As, and Au, but more Cu, Pb, and Zn, whereas the rim of the pyrite (Py‐r) is enriched in Ag, Sn, Sb, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Trace element signatures of pyrite reveal that the mineralizing fluid was initially of magmatic‐hydrothermal origin, and subsequently modified by intensive interaction with the wall rock (Gaixian Formation). Our results consistently demonstrate that the Xindian gold deposit is resulted from fluid–rock interaction between the Early Cretaceous magmatic‐hydrothermal fluids and Gaixian Formation metamorphic wall rocks that enriched the metal budget of the mineralizing fluid. Then the addition of meteoric water significantly changed the physical and chemical conditions of the mineralizing fluid, triggering gold precipitation in the Xindian deposit. The results of our study expand the Early Cretaceous gold metallogenic models in the Liaodong Peninsula, highlighting the importance of the Gaixian Formation for regional gold mineralization.