bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of natural formaldehyde formation on several types of marine fish circulating in Jakarta
Authors: Meida  , Warno Utomo Suyud , Petala Patria Mufti
Published: November 2020

Formaldehyde is dangerous to health because it is a carcinogen that can cause cancer. Jakarta Province has an integrated food control program, namely fish supervision, free from formaldehyde. The test results during the management there were several fish containing formaldehyde, namely moonfish (Lampris guttatus), hardtail scad (Megalaspis cordyla), rank goby (Saurida tumbill), and mackerel scad (Decapterus spp). There is no information regarding the detected formaldehyde in these fish, so this study aims to analyze the natural formaldehyde formation process of the four types of marine fish to ensure that the detected formaldehyde results from addition or naturally occurring. This study also describes how fishers in Jakarta consider environmental factors in the fish handling process. This study used a completely randomized design and ANOVA in determining levels of formaldehyde. The qualitative approach carried out using interviews and observations. The parameters studied were formaldehyde levels, Total Volatile Base (TVB), and Trimethyl Amin (TMA). The results showed that moonfish, hardtail scad, rank goby, and mackerel scad increased natural formaldehyde content during storage, namely 0 mg/kg on day 0 to 6.51 mg/kg on day 18. The formation of natural formaldehyde in the four types of samples during storage in freezing temperature correlates with the degradation process based on the TVB and TMA parameters. Although the fishermen understand that environmental factors determine natural formaldehyde formation in fish, they are not worried because it does not directly impact consumers’ health. Therefore, it is necessary to increase environmental awareness for anglers to maintain consumer health.
The Public and Public Relations: Examining their nexus in environmental pollution, laws, and policies of government
Authors: Odiboh Oscar , George Tayo , Salau Odunayo , Ekanem Thelma , Yartey Darlynton , Banda Mercy
Published: November 2020

Goals 6, 13, 14, and 15 of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) share global concerns of making the earth cleaner for human habitation. In Nigeria, pollution thrives despite the government’s laws and policies. In the country, opinions on public issues are strong, and public relations (PR) professionals are perceived moulders of societal viewpoints. This study examines the connection between public awareness and PR actions on the sociological problems of environmental pollution, laws, and government policies in an industrial cum residential community in Southwest Nigeria. Based on the Environmental Communication Theory, which espouses nature-human environmental connectivity, this study adopts a quantitative, non-experimental, and descriptive methodology. Probability and non-probability sampling design and multi-stage techniques are applied to select 400 residents of Ota community. Scientific Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) is used to process 358 successful copies of the questionnaire. Results show that public awareness of environmental pollution is high; but low on its laws and policies. The contributions of public relations practitioners are acknowledged, but the government’s actions are unfamiliar. Meagre public concern for environmental laws and policies and weak motivation by PR practitioners and the government threaten the achievement of identified SDGs of the UN at the study’s location.
Waste to energy implementation using gasification technology in Tinggi Island
Authors: Garniwa Iwa , Alvianingsih Ginas , Antono Vendy
Published: November 2020

The existence of electricity can encourage the improvement of the quality of life of the community. However, there are several problems with the provision of electricity in remote areas, including difficulties in delivering electrical equipment and fuel. One solution to solve this problem is implementing local waste utilization as fuel for power plants. This study aims to implement Waste to Energy using gasification technology on Tinggi Island, South Bangka. The methods used in this research are to calculate the potential amount of waste, design the equipment specification, make the supporting facilities, and do a testing experiment. Due to the low waste potential in Tinggi Island, local communities’ waste processing is carried out in Toboali. The waste processing stages are sorting, fermentation, chopping, drying, and pressing. The waste pellets from Toboali are sent to the powerhouse in Tinggi Island. From the performance and reliability test in the electrical side, it can be concluded that the voltage and the frequency generated is stable and within the safe limits according to Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 03 of 2007. The consumption of waste pellets needed to generate electricity during the reliability test (75% loading) is ten kg/45 minutes. Through the continuous implementation of waste to energy, Tinggi Island can be electrified all day long and solve the waste problem.
Optic performance of single and double-glazed laminated glass in tropical climate
Authors: Halida Ibrahim Nurul , Candra Dewi Ova
Published: November 2020

Validation model was generated by WINDOW 7.6 software to simulate the temperature changes of laminated glass. This approach is used as a validation model to compare the real time temperature changes observed. The parameter in the test were clear laminated glass and coloured laminated glass with using singleand double-glazed technology to assess the impact of optic glass, including U-Value, SHGC, and additional layer application of laminated Glass (Double Glazing Technology) in building temperature changes for creating thermal comfort. The results showed that single glazed technology application on clear laminated glass adjust the room temperature between 30.2°C to 31.4°C. In comparison, single colour laminated glass technology application set the room temperature 27.7°C to 28.5°C. Interestingly, the double-glazed application reduced the indoor temperature between 27.1°C to 28.5°C. These results showed that buildings’ significant thermal performance could be accomplished by applying doubleglazed technology. Nevertheless, double glazed technology was not suggested to apply in all of the skin of tropical building design due to the high-cost issues.
Conflict resolution management to support sustainable palm oil production
Authors: Rokhim Rofikoh , Wibisono Lubis Arief , Deni Yonathan Andrew , Aldan Benaldi Rezza
Published: November 2020

Palm oil is one of the major plantation commodities and contributes significantly to the GDP of Indonesia. One of the areas known for palm oil production is Jambi, where smallholder plantation dominates. The literature shows that the plantation sector is often characterized by conflicts, including small-scale farmers and big companies. Therefore, appropriate conflict management strategies should be put to mitigate these conflicts’ potential adverse impacts. This paper aims to review the existing literature on conflict management strategies and examine these strategies’ factors. It highlights the different conflict management styles: integrating, obliging, dominating, avoiding, and compromising. For example, the literature shows the relevance of Big Five personality, where positive relationships are documented between integrating style with conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and extraversion Therefore, this paper argues the importance of incorporating psychological factors in determining appropriate conflict resolution management due to this possibility of strategy implementation among actors with different psychological factors.
Protein templated Au-CuO bimetallic nanoclusters toward neutral glucose sensing
Authors: Lv Hong-wei , Li Quan-fu , Peng Hui-ling
Published: November 2020

In this study, the application of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a carrier to glucose-sensitive materials for the detection of glucose was proposed. Au-CuO bimetallic nanoclusters (Au-CuO/BSA) were prepared using BSA as a template, the new sensing material (Au-CuO/BSA/MWCNTs) was synthesized by mixing with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and applied to non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors to detect glucose stably and effectively under neutral condition. The scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the morphology of the synthesized nanocomposite. The electrochemical properties of the sensor were studied by cyclic voltammetry. Glucose detection experiments show that Au-CuO/BSA/MWCNTs/Au electrode has good glucose detection ability, stability, accuracy, repeatability, and high selectivity in neutral environment. Unlike existing glucose-sensitive materials, due to the use of BSA, the composite material is firmly fixed to the electrode surface without a Nafion solution, which reduces the current blocking effect on the modified electrode. The composite materials can be effectively preserved for extremely long periods, higher than 80% activity is maintained at room temperature in a closed environment for 3 to 4 months, due to the special effects of BSA. In addition, the feasibility of using BSA in glucose-sensitive materials is confirmed.
One-pot synthesis of tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole dopant-free hole-transport materials for inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Duan Liang-sheng , Wu Quan-ping , Xu Yuan-yuan , Wang Hui , Sun Zhe , Chen Yu , Xue Song
Published: November 2020

Four organic small-molecule hole transport materials (D41, D42, D43 and D44) of tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles were prepared. They can be used without doping in the manufacture of the inverted planar perovskite solar cells. Tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles are accessible for one-pot synthesis. D42, D43 and D44 possess acceptor-π-donor-π-acceptor structure, on which the aryl bearing substitutes of cyan, fluorine and trifluoromethyl, respectively. Instead, the aryl moiety of D41 is in presence of methyl with a donor-π-donor-π-donor structure. The different substitutes significantly affected their molecular surface charge distribution and thin-film morphology, attributing to the electron-rich properties of fused pyrrole ring. The size of perovskite crystalline growth particles is affected by different molecular structures, and the electron-withdrawing cyan group of D42 is most conducive to the formation of large perovskite grains. The D42 fabricated devices with power conversion efficiency of 17.3% and retained 55% of the initial photoelectric conversion efficiency after 22 days in dark condition. The pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole is efficient electron-donating moiety for hole transporting materials to form good substrate in producing perovskite thin film.
Effect of substitution site on two-photon absorption and excited States properties of lipid droplets detection NAPBr dyes: A theoretical perspective
Authors: Wang Hong-yang , Wang Xiao-fei , Fan Jian-zhong , Zhou Yong
Published: November 2020

Two-photon fluorescence dyes have shown promising applications in biomedical imaging. However, the substitution site effect on geometric structures and photophysical properties of fluorescence dyes is rarely illustrated in detail. In this work, a series of new lipid droplets detection dyes are designed and studied, molecular optical properties and non-radiative transitions are analyzed. The intramolecular weak interaction and electron-hole analysis reveal its inner mechanisms. All dyes are proven to possess excellent photophysical properties with high fluorescence quantum efficiency and large stokes shift as well as remarkable two-photon absorption cross section. Our work reasonably elucidates the experimental measurements and the effects of substitution site on two-photon absorption and excited states properties of lipid droplets detection NAPBr dyes are highlighted, which could provide a theoretical perspective for designing efficient organic dyes for lipid droplets detection in biology and medicine fields.
Thermochromism of 1,4-bis[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]-benzene derivatives
Authors: Chu Ning , Li Ai-sen , Xu Shu-ping , Xu Wei-qing
Published: November 2020

Three kinds of thermochromic materials (DC8, DC12, DC16) were synthesized by linking the rigid 1,4-bis[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]-benzene (bpeb) with different lengths of alkyl chains. They exhibit remarkable fluorescent color changes under the irradiation of 365 nm light with elevating temperature, which is supposed to be caused by the transition between the crystal state and the amorphous state. Interestingly, the DC16 solid also has a photochromic character. It should be noticed that the phase transition temperatures of three materials measured by differential scanning calorimetry are higher than those of the fluorescence color changes during the heating process. Thus, the allochroic effect is attributed to the synergistic effect of both heating and photo-inducement (365 nm). Ethanol can turn the heated powder into the initial crystal again which indicates that their thermochromic behavior is reversible and makes the fluorescence recover.
Finite temperature auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo in the canonical ensemble
Authors: Shen Tong , Liu Yuan , Yu Yang , Rubenstein Brenda M.
Published: November 2020

Finite temperature auxiliary field-based quantum Monte Carlo methods, including determinant quantum Monte Carlo and Auxiliary Field Quantum Monte Carlo (AFQMC), have historically assumed pivotal roles in the investigation of the finite temperature phase diagrams of a wide variety of multidimensional lattice models and materials. Despite their utility, however, these techniques are typically formulated in the grand canonical ensemble, which makes them difficult to apply to condensates such as superfluids and difficult to benchmark against alternative methods that are formulated in the canonical ensemble. Working in the grand canonical ensemble is furthermore accompanied by the increased overhead associated with having to determine the chemical potentials that produce desired fillings. Given this backdrop, in this work, we present a new recursive approach for performing AFQMC simulations in the canonical ensemble that does not require knowledge of chemical potentials. To derive this approach, we exploit the convenient fact that AFQMC solves the many-body problem by decoupling many-body propagators into integrals over one-body problems to which non-interacting theories can be applied. We benchmark the accuracy of our technique on illustrative Bose and Fermi–Hubbard models and demonstrate that it can converge more quickly to the ground state than grand canonical AFQMC simulations. We believe that our novel use of HS-transformed operators to implement algorithms originally derived for non-interacting systems will motivate the development of a variety of other methods and anticipate that our technique will enable direct performance comparisons against other many-body approaches formulated in the canonical ensemble.
Quantum simulations employing connected moments expansions
Authors: Kowalski Karol , Peng Bo
Published: November 2020

Further advancement of quantum computing (QC) is contingent on enabling many-body models that avoid deep circuits and excessive use of CNOT gates. To this end, we develop a QC approach employing finite-order connected moment expansions (CMX) and affordable procedures for initial state preparation. We demonstrate the performance of our approach employing several quantum variants of CMX through the classical emulations on the H2 molecule potential energy surface and the Anderson model with a broad range of correlation strength. The results show that our approach is robust and flexible. Good agreement with exact solutions can be maintained even at the dissociation and strong correlation limits.
Forage brassicas have potential for wider use in drier, mixed crop–livestock farming systems across Australia
Authors: Bell Lindsay W. , Watt Lucinda J. , Stutz Rebecca S.
Published: November 2020

Forage brassicas are currently widely used in temperate–humid livestock systems; however, they offer potential to diversify crop rotation and forage options in the drier, mixed crop–livestock zone of Australia. A literature review highlighted that in these hotter and more arid environments, forage brassicas are more likely to fit as autumn-sown forage crop where they offer an energy-rich, highly digestible feed source that could be used during periods of low production and nutritive value of other forage sources. However, brassicas can also accumulate several anti-nutritional compounds that require gradual introduction to livestock diets, thereby reducing potential health risks and optimising animal performance. Preliminary experimental and commercial evaluations in subtropical Australia found high production of some forage brassica genotypes (>5 t DM/ha with growth rates of 50–60 kg DM/ha.day), comparable or superior to widely used forage cereal or forage legume options. Several forage brassicas showed moderate to high resistance to the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, and hence are likely to provide break-crop benefits compared with susceptible species (e.g. wheat). Together, this evidence suggests that forage brassicas have significant potential for wider use in crop–livestock farming systems in Australia. However, research is needed to identify genotypic adaptation and to match different forage brassica genotypes to production environments or system niches, especially some of the new genotypes that are now available. There is also a need to develop regionally-relevant recommendations of agronomic and grazing management that optimise forage and animal production, and mitigate potential animal health risks.
An engineered 4-1BBL fusion protein with “activity on demand”
Authors: Mock Jacqueline , Stringhini Marco , Villa Alessandra , Weller Michael , Weiss Tobias , Neri Dario
Published: November 2020

Significance

Antibody-cytokine fusion proteins have been successfully applied for the treatment of preclinical models of cancer and have yielded promising results in early clinical trials. The antibody moiety redirects the immunostimulatory payload to the tumor to boost the antitumor immune response. However, especially at early time points after administration, the relatively high concentration of the antibody-cytokine conjugate in blood can lead to severe side effects due to peripheral activation of cytokine receptors. Therefore, protein engineering approaches are needed to develop antibody-cytokine conjugates that selectively regain their immunostimulatory activity on antigen binding in the tumor. In this work, we have developed an antibody-cytokine conjugate that meets these criteria and shows antitumor activity in preclinical models of cancer.
KRAB zinc finger protein diversification drives mammalian interindividual methylation variability
Authors: Bertozzi Tessa M. , Elmer Jessica L. , Macfarlan Todd S. , Ferguson-Smith Anne C.
Published: November 2020

Significance

Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive sequences with potential to mobilize, causing genetic diversity. To restrict this, most TEs in the mouse are heavily epigenetically modified by DNA methylation. However, a few TEs exhibit variable methylation levels that differ between individuals and confer an epigenetic, rather than genetic, influence on phenotype. The mechanism underlying this remains unknown. We report the identification of a polymorphic cluster of KRAB zinc finger proteins (KZFPs) responsible for the epigenetic properties of these variably methylated TEs, with deletion of the cluster profoundly influencing their DNA methylation and expression of adjacent genes. We propose that rapid KZFP divergence underlies variable epigenetic states in mammals, with implications for epigenetically conferred phenotypic differences between individuals within and across generations.
Autologous IgG antibodies block outgrowth of a substantial but variable fraction of viruses in the latent reservoir for HIV-1
Authors: Bertagnolli Lynn N. , Varriale Joseph , Sweet Sarah , Brockhurst Jacqueline , Simonetti Francesco R. , White Jennifer , Beg Subul , Lynn Kenneth , Mounzer Karam , Frank Ian , Tebas Pablo , Bar Katharine J. , Montaner Luis J. , Siliciano Robert F. , Siliciano Janet D.
Published: November 2020

Significance

In untreated individuals, HIV-1 evolves rapidly to escape the host immune responses. Viral replication can be effectively suppressed by antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, ART is not curative due to persistence of latent virus in a stable reservoir in resting CD4
+
T cells, and viral rebound occurs if ART is stopped. We show here that outgrowth of a significant fraction of the viruses persisting in the latent reservoir is effectively blocked by the host antibody response. It is important to find ways to induce antibodies or other immune responses to block outgrowth of the remaining viruses.
Input–output relation in second language acquisition
Authors: Shin Gyu-Ho , Jung Boo Kyung
Published: November 2020

Studies on the role of input in L2 acquisition often estimate L2 input properties through L1 corpora and focus on
L2-English. This study probes the initial stage of L2-Korean learning for adult English-speaking beginners of Korean to investigate
input-output relations in the acquisition of L2 that is typologically different from English in a more direct manner. We specifically ask
how L2 beginner input affects L2 beginner production with respect to Korean postpositions. For this purpose, we investigate how the
beginners receive input regarding Korean postpositions from a textbook and to what extent the input characteristics are manifested in
learner writing. We found that, whereas the presentation of certain postpositions in the textbook was generally reflected in learner
writing, individual postpositions showed disparity in their use between the textbook and the writing. Implications of the findings are
discussed in light of L1-L2 differences and how the textbook presents form-function pairings of these postpositions.
Age and gender in Iranian ‘taaroff’ politeness system
Authors: Makarova Veronika , Pourmohammadi Elham
Published: November 2020

This paper focuses on the Iraniantaaroffpoliteness system. We report a quantitative analysis of the attitudes totaaroffheld by 60 Iranians (30 women and 30 men) of two age groups (20–29 and 40–59 years old) and their use of formulaictaaroffexpressions in conversations. The data come from dialogues elicited from the participants in Iran via short scripted scenarios and from their answers to a questionnaire survey about their attitudes totaaroff. Taaroffexpressions were manually extracted from the dialogue transcripts and their overall use as well as frequencies of each expression were compared across the gender and age groups with the help of t-tests. The participants’ answers to the survey questions were compared across the groups with Kruskal-Wallis H tests. The results show statistically significant differences in the participants’ attitudes totaaroffand in its use in dialogues by gender and age group.
Signed and spoken interaction at a distance
Authors: Warnicke Camilla
Published: November 2020

In video relay service (VRS), the interpreter is the only person who is directly linked to both users of the service, seeing the signing user of a videophone and hearing the speaking user of a telephone. The interaction is especially challenging at the beginning of the call. In this study, 25 authentic recorded calls from the Swedish VRS were analysed using conversation analysis. The aim of the study was to explore and describe in detail how the interpreters facilitate and strive for progression at the beginning of a VRS call. The study findings show how the interpreters provide information to the signing callers about their progress prior to the call being accepted, how the interpreters manage the spoken interaction with the called party on the telephone and how the interpreters connect the parties to each other. It is also shown how the interpreters work to make the deaf callers master a call. The results of the study enrich our current understanding of calls made via VRS.
Feelings about language brokering
Authors: Martínez-Gómez Aída
Published: November 2020

Young language brokers have a complex emotional relationship with the translation and interpreting tasks that they engage in for their families and communities. Whereas they often report feeling happy, useful and proud of themselves for being able to contribute to their families’ well-being, they also struggle with frustration, pressure from their loved ones, and cognitive and emotional burdens. This study aims to map the evolution of feelings regarding language brokering among young adults and to reveal the effects that formal interpreting education might have in this process. For these purposes, it examines the narratives of 75 self-identified former and/or current language brokers who are registered in an undergraduate interpreting program in the United States. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of these narratives (collected at three different points during their course of study) indicate that the participants feel more positively than negatively about their brokering tasks and that positive emotions increase overall throughout their interpreter education (with a noticeable peak halfway through the program). These analyses also reveal how triggers for positive and negative emotion shift through time: whereas their enhanced skills contribute to positive feelings, poor working conditions and brokering settings beyond their immediate families become new stressors.
The hidden legacy of Samir Amin: delinking’s ecological foundation
Authors: Ajl Max
Published: November 2020

This paper considers the relationship between Samir Amin’s programme for delinking, smallholder agriculture, his theories of ecology, and the current of ecological dependency that developed out of North African dependency analysis. It argues that ecological forms of agriculture in fact underpinned the original case from which Amin derived delinking – the developmental model of Amin’s China. It goes on to show how collaborators and fellow travellers of Amin like Mohamed Dowidar, Fawzy Mansour and Slaheddine el-Amami advanced the case for smallholder-centred national development, and connects their investigations to Amin’s theoretical framework.
FXYD protein isoforms differentially modulate human Na/K pump function
Authors: Meyer Dylan J. , Bijlani Sharan , de Sautu Marilina , Spontarelli Kerri , Young Victoria C. , Gatto Craig , Artigas Pablo
Published: November 2020

Tight regulation of the Na/K pump is essential for cellular function because this heteromeric protein builds and maintains the electrochemical gradients for Na+ and K+ that energize electrical signaling and secondary active transport. We studied the regulation of the ubiquitous human α1β1 pump isoform by five human FXYD proteins normally located in muscle, kidney, and neurons. The function of Na/K pump α1β1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes with or without FXYD isoforms was evaluated using two-electrode voltage clamp and patch clamp. Through evaluation of the partial reactions in the absence of K+ but presence of Na+ in the external milieu, we demonstrate that each FXYD subunit alters the equilibrium between E1P(3Na) and E2P, the phosphorylated conformations with Na+ occluded and free from Na+, respectively, thereby altering the apparent affinity for Na+. This modification of Na+ interaction shapes the small effects of FXYD proteins on the apparent affinity for external K+ at physiological Na+. FXYD6 distinctively accelerated both the Na+-deocclusion and the pump-turnover rates. All FXYD isoforms altered the apparent affinity for intracellular Na+ in patches, an effect that was observed only in the presence of intracellular K+. Therefore, FXYD proteins alter the selectivity of the pump for intracellular ions, an effect that could be due to the altered equilibrium between E1 and E2, the two major pump conformations, and/or to small changes in ion affinities that are exacerbated when both ions are present. Lastly, we observed a drastic reduction of Na/K pump surface expression when it was coexpressed with FXYD1 or FXYD6, with the former being relieved by injection of PKA's catalytic subunit into the oocyte. Our results indicate that a prominent effect of FXYD1 and FXYD6, and plausibly other FXYDs, is the regulation of Na/K pump trafficking.
Critical Temperature of Deconfinement in a Constrained Space Using a Bag Model at Vanishing Baryon Density
Authors: Han Zonghou , Chen Baoyi , Liu Yunpeng
Published: November 2020

The geometry of fireballs in relativistic heavy ion collisions is approximated by a static box, which is infinite in two directions while finite in the other direction. The critical temperature of deconfinement phase transition is calculated explicitly in the MIT bag model at vanishing baryon density. It is found that the critical temperature shifts to a value higher than that in an unconstrained space.
Generation of Intense Sub-10 fs Pulses at 385nm*
Authors: Xiao Fan , Fan Xiaohui , Wang Li , Zhang Dongwen , Wu Jianhua , Wang Xiaowei , Zhao Zengxiu
Published: November 2020

We demonstrated the generation and characterization of 9.7 fs, 180 μJ pulses centered at 385 nm via the frequency doubling of few-cycle near-infrared pulses. Both moderate conversion efficiency (9.5%) and broad phase matching bandwidth (20 nm) were achieved by shaping the spectra of the fundamental pulses. The strong intensity dependence of second-order harmonic generation and well controlled material dispersion ensured the inexistence of satellite pulses, which was confirmed by the self-diffraction frequency resolved optical gating measurement.
Rapid Measurement and Control of Nitrogen-Vacancy Center-Axial Orientation in Diamond Particles*
Authors: Chen Guobin , Hui Yang , Sun Junci , He Wenhao , Du Guanxiang
Published: November 2020

Determination and control of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers play an important role in sensing the vector field by using their quantum information. To measure orientation of NV centers in a diamond particle attached to a tapered fiber rapidly, we propose a new method to establish the direction cosine matrix between the lab frame and the NV body frame. In this method, only four groups of the ODMR spectrum peaks shift data need to be collected, and the magnetic field along ± Z and ± Y in the lab frame is applied in the meantime. We can also control any NV axis to rotate to the X, Y, Z axes in the lab frame according to the elements of this matrix. The demonstration of the DC and microwave magnetic field vector sensing is presented. Finally, the proposed method can help us to perform vector magnetic field sensing more conveniently and rapidly.
Quasi-One-Dimensional Free-Electron-Like States Selected by Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds at the Glycine/Cu(100) Interface*
Authors: Zhou Linwei , Wang Chen-Guang , Hu Zhixin , Kong Xianghua , Lu Zhong-Yi , Guo Hong , Ji Wei
Published: November 2020

We carry out ab initio density functional theory calculations to study manipulation of electronic structures of self-assembled molecular nanostructures on metal surfaces by investigating the geometric and electronic properties of glycine molecules on Cu(100). It is shown that a glycine monolayer on Cu(100) forms a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network between the carboxyl and amino groups of glycine using a first principles atomistic calculation on the basis of a recently found structure. This network includes at least two hydrogen-bonding chains oriented roughly perpendicular to each other. Through molecule–metal electronic hybridization, these two chains selectively hybridized with the two isotropic degenerate Cu(100) surface states, leading to two anisotropic quasi-one-dimensional surface states. Electrons occupying these two states can near-freely move from a molecule to its adjacent molecules directly through the intermolecular hydrogen bonds, rather than mediated by the substrate. This results in the experimentally observed anisotropic free-electron-like behavior. Our results suggest that hydrogen-bonding chains are likely candidates for charge conductors.
Topological Distillation by Principal Component Analysis in Disordered Fractional Quantum Hall States*
Authors: Jiang Na , Lu Min
Published: November 2020

We study the behavior of two-dimensional electron gas in the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) regime in the presence of disorder potential. The principal component analysis is applied to a set of disordered Laughlin ground state model wave function to enable us to distill the model wave function of the pure Laughlin state. With increasing the disorder strength, the ground state wave function is expected to deviate from the Laughlin state and eventually leave the FQH phase. We investigate the phase transition from the Laughlin state to a topologically trivial state by analyzing the overlap between the random sample wave functions and the distilled ground state wave function. It is proposed that the cross point of the principal component amplitude and its counterpart is the critical disorder strength, which marks the collapse of the FQH regime.
Field- and Current-Driven Magnetization Reversal and Dynamic Properties of CoFeB-MgO-Based Perpendicular Magnetic Tunnel Junctions*
Authors: Fu Qingwei , Zhou Kaiyuan , Chen Lina , Xu Yongbing , Zhou Tiejun , Wang Dunhui , Chi Kequn , Meng Hao , Liu Bo , Liu Ronghua , Du Youwei
Published: November 2020

We report a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (pMTJ) cell with a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of nearly 200% at room temperature based on CoFeB/Ta/CoFeB as the free layer (FL) and a synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) multilayer [Pt/Co]/Ru/[Pt/Co]/Ta/CoFeB as the reference layer (RL). The field-driven magnetization switching measurements show that the pMTJs exhibit an anomalous TMR hysteresis loop. The spin-polarized layer CoFeB of SAF-RL has a lower critical switching field than that of FL. The reason is related to the interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) through a moderately thick Ta spacer layer among SAF-RLs, which generates a moderate and negative bias magnetic field on CoFeB of RL. However, the IEC among RLs has a negligible influence on the current-driven magnetization switching of FL and its magnetization dynamics.
Oscillations of a suspended slinky
Authors: Pretz Jörg
Published: November 2020

This paper discusses the oscillations of a spring (slinky) under its own weight. A discrete model, describing the slinky by N springs and N masses, is introduced and compared to a continuous treatment. One interesting result is that the upper part of the slinky performs a triangular oscillation whereas the bottom part performs an almost harmonic oscillation if the slinky starts with ‘natural’ initial conditions, where the spring is just pushed further up from its rest position under gravity and then released. It is also shown that the period of the oscillation is simply given by

T
=

32
L
/
g

, where L is the length of the slinky under its own weight and g the acceleration of gravity, independent of the other properties of the spring.
An inverse random source problem for the one-dimensional Helmholtz equation with attenuation
Authors: Li Peijun , Wang Xu
Published: November 2020

This paper is concerned with an inverse random source problem for the one-dimensional stochastic Helmholtz equation with attenuation. The source is assumed to be a microlocally isotropic Gaussian random field with its covariance operator being a classical pseudo-differential operator. The random sources under consideration are equivalent to the generalized fractional Gaussian random fields which include rough fields and can be even rougher than the white noise, and hence should be interpreted as distributions. The well-posedness of the direct source problem is established in the distribution sense. The micro-correlation strength of the random source, which appears to be the strength in the principal symbol of the covariance operator, is proved to be uniquely determined by the wave field in an open measurement set. Numerical experiments are presented for the white noise model to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Multidimensional hydrogenic states: position and momentum expectation values
Authors: Dehesa J S , Puertas-Centeno D
Published: November 2020

The position and momentum probability densities of a multidimensional quantum system are fully characterized by means of the radial expectation values ⟨r

α
⟩ and

p

α

, respectively. These quantities, which describe and/or are closely related to various fundamental properties of realistic systems, have not been calculated in an analytical and effective manner up until now except for a number of three-dimensional hydrogenic states. In this work we explicitly show these expectation values for all discrete stationary D-dimensional hydrogenic states in terms of the dimensionality D, the strength of the Coulomb potential (i.e. the nuclear charge) and the D state’s hyperquantum numbers. Emphasis is placed on the momentum expectation values (mostly unknown, specially the ones with odd order) which are obtained in a closed compact form. Applications are made to circular, S-wave, high-energy (Rydberg) and high-dimensional (pseudo-classical) states of three- and multidimensional hydrogenic atoms. This has been possible because of the analytical algebraic and asymptotical properties of the special functions (orthogonal polynomials, hyperspherical harmonics) which control the states’ wavefunctions. Finally, some Heisenberg-like uncertainty inequalities satisfied by these dispersion quantities are also given and discussed.
Nucleon-nucleus optical potential computed with the Gogny interaction
Authors: Lopez-Moraña Juan , Viñas Xavier
Published: November 2020

The ability of the Gogny forces of the D1 family to describe the nucleon-nucleus scattering is studied. To this end, we use an optical model (OM) potential built up using a semi-microscopic nuclear matter (NM) approach. The real and imaginary parts of the OM are provided by the first and second-order terms, respectively, of the Taylor expansion of the mass operator calculated within the Brueckner–Hartree–Fock (BHF) method using the reaction G-matrix built up with the effective Gogny force instead of a microscopic interaction. The optical potential in finite nuclei is obtained through the local density approximation (LDA) using the neutron and proton densities provided by a quasi-local Hartree–Fock (HF) calculation with the same Gogny force for the sake of consistency. A reasonable good agreement is found between the theoretical differential cross-sections and the analyzing powers (AP) of the elastic neutron and proton scattering along the periodic table from Ca to Pb calculated with the Gogny forces and the corresponding values predicted by the global phenomenological potential of Koning and Delaroche. To investigate the limits of the approximations used in this work, comparisons with the results of nucleon-nucleus elastic scattering in 40Ca and 48Ca obtained using the nuclear structure model (NSM) are also performed.
A continuous dynamic recrystallization constitutive model combined with grain fragmentation and subgrain rotation for aluminum alloy 2219 under hot deformation
Authors: Gan Tian , Yu Zhongqi , Zhao Yixi , Fan Xiaoguang , Lai Xinmin
Published: November 2020

The large temperature gradient resulted from rapid heat dissipation and a long process period in the hot deformation of aluminum alloy causes complex microstructure evolutions. Accurate constitutive models describing the evolution of the microstructures over a wide temperature range are acquired. Thus, a physically-based continuous dynamic recrystallization constitutive model combined with grain fragmentation and subgrain rotation was established in this investigation. Uniaxial hot compression tests for aluminum alloy 2219 were conducted at temperatures of 250 °C–450 °C and the evolution of microstructures were analyzed via metallographic technique. Then internal state variables were proposed to describe the migration of grain boundary, dislocation density, average grain boundary misorientation, and subgrain/grain size. The net torque on the grain is introduced to precisely describe the progressive subgrain rotation mechanism. Moreover, geometrically necessary dislocations are considered to reasonably simulate the rise in flow stress associated with grain fragmentation. The results show that continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) and dynamic recovery are the main softening mechanisms. The CDRX mechanism is gradually changed from grain fragmentation to subgrain rotation due to the increase in temperature. The new constitutive model may precisely predict the flow stresses, subgrain/grain size, and average misorientation in the wide temperature range. Comparing with the existing continuous dynamic recrystallization model which only considers subgrain rotation, the overestimate of the grain size in the low-temperature range is avoided in the new constitutive model. Furthermore, the contributions of the grain fragmentation to the increase in strain hardening can reasonably be covered.
Physics approaches to the spatial distribution of immune cells in tumors
Authors: Yu Clare C , Wortman Juliana C , He Ting-Fang , Solomon Shawn , Zhang Robert Z , Rosario Anthony , Wang Roger , Tu Travis Y , Schmolze Daniel , Yuan Yuan , Yost Susan E , Li Xuefei , Levine Herbert , Atwal Gurinder , Lee Peter P
Published: November 2020

The goal of immunotherapy is to mobilize the immune system to kill cancer cells. Immunotherapy is more effective and, in general, the prognosis is better, when more immune cells infiltrate the tumor. We explore the question of whether the spatial distribution rather than just the density of immune cells in the tumor is important in forecasting whether cancer recurs. After reviewing previous work on this issue, we introduce a novel application of maximum entropy to quantify the spatial distribution of discrete point-like objects. We apply our approach to B and T cells in images of tumor tissue taken from triple negative breast cancer patients. We find that the immune cells are more spatially dispersed in good clinical outcome (no recurrence of cancer within at least 5 years of diagnosis) compared to poor clinical outcome (recurrence within 3 years of diagnosis). Our results highlight the importance of spatial distribution of immune cells within tumors with regard to clinical outcome, and raise new questions on their role in cancer recurrence.
Single-site-resolved imaging of ultracold atoms in a triangular optical lattice
Authors: Yamamoto Ryuta , Ozawa Hideki , Nak David C. , Nakamura Ippei , Fukuhara Takeshi
Published: November 2020

We demonstrate single-site-resolved fluorescence imaging of ultracold 87Rb atoms in a triangular optical lattice by employing Raman sideband cooling. Combining a Raman transition at the D1 line and a photon scattering through an optical pumping of the D2 line, we obtain images with low background noise. The Bayesian optimisation of 11 experimental parameters for fluorescence imaging with Raman sideband cooling enables us to achieve single-atom detection with a high fidelity of (96.3 ± 1.3)%. Single-atom and single-site resolved detection in a triangular optical lattice paves the way for the direct observation of spin correlations or entanglement in geometrically frustrated systems.
Digital quantum simulation framework for energy transport in an open quantum system
Authors: Gupta Pragati , Chandrashekar C M
Published: November 2020

Quantum effects such as the environment assisted quantum transport (ENAQT) displayed in photosynthetic Fenna–Mathews–Olson (FMO) complex has been simulated on analog quantum simulators. Digital quantum simulations offer greater universality and flexibility over analog simulations. However, digital quantum simulations of open quantum systems face a theoretical challenge; one does not know the solutions of the continuous time master equation for developing quantum gate operators. We give a theoretical framework for digital quantum simulation of ENAQT by introducing new quantum evolution operators. We develop the dynamical equation for the operators and prove that it is an analytical solution of the master equation. As an example, using the dynamical equations, we simulate the FMO complex in the digital setting, reproducing theoretical and experimental evidence of the dynamics. The framework gives an optimal method for quantum circuit implementation, giving a log reduction in complexity over known methods. The generic framework can be extrapolated to study other open quantum systems.
Dynamics rate of fiber chemical etching: new partial removal of cladding technique for humidity sensing application
Authors: Riza Muhammad Arif , Go Yun Ii , Maier Robert R J
Published: November 2020

Sensor-based optical fibers require thinner cladding for enhanced interaction between the evanescence wave and the environment. Fiber Bragg grated fiber sensors relying on an axial strain require chemical etching to weaken the fiber allowing more sensitivity in terms of strain. Ease of sensor multiplexing can be achieved through etching the mid-section of the fiber which is rarely reported with a custom-made holder. This paper proposes a technique for etching at the middle section of a fiber with a custom fiber holder. Chemical etching of a single-mode silica fiber was done with 48% hydrofluoric acid (HF). Etching proceeds until the fiber was completely etched. The optical spectrum was recorded at an interval of 3 min. Microscope visuals indicated possible etching with the mount design until ∼10 μm at 45 min with the fiber intact compared to a longer etching time. A longer etching duration than 45 min results in the optical spectrum displaying a null spectrum, depicting core damage. Etching of the fiber follows a linear trend and the reaction rate was determined to be 1.699 μm min−1 experimentally. The proposed fiber holder and receptacle were capable of etching a fiber with minimal defects while maintaining the ease of fiber handling.
Multiphoton microscopy imaging analysis: non-destructive inspection for the cornea
Authors: Lin Si-Le , Hao Si-Yang
Published: November 2020

Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) can create high penetration depth, low photodamage, real-time and 3-dimensional-tissue subcellular resolution images of the cornea. It surmounts the difficulty of non-destructive or in vivo detection caused by the sensitivity of the cornea. The emerging technology overcomes the high photodamage and low image contrast of general optical inspection by using nonlinear optical processes. Different chemical composition in the cornea excites diverse up-conversion photons to form the image and spectra, providing accurate and comprehensive information of the cornea. MPM, which combines the advantages of optical imaging and spectral measurement technique, provides the detection of metabolic, cell density, keratitis, drug delivery, corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, and fiber orientation of the cornea. We review the state of the art of MPM imaging analysis studies and discuss prospects.
Enhancement of quantum entanglement by local non-Hermitian operation under various decoherence sources
Authors: Wang Qiong , Xu Lan , He Zhi
Published: November 2020

We examine the validity and limitation of the local non-Hermitian operation in the enhancement of qubit-qubit entanglement from various decoherence sources. We derive the exact expressions of concurrence quantifying entanglement for an exactly solving model consisting of two qubits interacting with various decoherence sources. we show explicitly that the local non-Hermitian operation indeed helps for enhancing quantum entanglement from amplitude damping, but not for phase damping. Finally, we give a brief discussion of the physical explanation for our scheme.