bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpreting variation in fish-based food web indicators: the importance of “bottom-up limitation” and “top-down control” processes
Authors: Reilly T. O. M. , Fraser H. M. , Fryer R. J. , Clarke J. , Greenstreet S. P. R.
Published: September 2013

Reilly, T. O. M., Fraser, H. M., Fryer, R. J., Clarke, J., and Greenstreet, S. P. R. 2014. Interpreting variation in fish-based food web indicators: the importance of “bottom-up limitation” and “top-down control” processes. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 406–416. Proposed indicators for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) food webs Descriptor focus on structural elements of food webs, and in particular on the abundance and productivity of top predators. However, the inferences that can be drawn from such indicators depend on whether or not the predators are “bottom-up limited” by the availability of their prey. Many seabird populations appear to be “bottom-up limited” so that variation in their reproductive success and/or abundance reflects changes in lower trophic levels. Here we find that gadoid fish predators off the Firth of Forth, southeast Scotland, do not appear to be “bottom-up limited” by the biomass of their main prey, 0-group sandeels; gadoid biomass and feeding performance was independent of sandeel biomass. Variability in food web indicators based on these gadoid predators seems to impart little insight into underlying processes occurring at lower trophic levels in the local food web. The implications of this in terms of how the currently proposed MSFD food web indicators should be used and interpreted are considered, and the ramifications in terms of setting targets representing good environmental status for both fish and seabird communities are discussed.
Coral communities on artificial reefs in the Gulf of Mexico: standing vs. toppled oil platforms
Authors: Sammarco P.W. , Lirette A. , Tung Y.F. , Boland G.S. , Genazzio M. , Sinclair J.
Published: September 2013

Sammarco, P. W., Lirette, A., Tung, Y. F., Boland, G. S., Genazzio, M., and Sinclair, J. 2014. Coral communities on artificial reefs in the Gulf of Mexico: standing vs. toppled oil platforms. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 417–426. Thousands of oil platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico have provided hard substrate for settlement of Caribbean corals and have facilitated their range expansion. The US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management now allows platforms to be purposely toppled to the bottom and used as artificial reefs to promote fisheries development. We compared the coral communities on standing offshore oil/gas production platforms with those on “Rigs-to-Reef” structures through Remotely Operated Vehicle reconnaissance (max. depth ∼110 m) to assess comparative population sizes of several coral species. Corals found were the zooxanthellate Madracis decactis and azooxanthellate Tubastraea coccinea, Oculina diffusa, and Phyllangia americana. There was no significant difference in total coral density between standing and toppled platforms, due to varying species-specific abundances. Madracis decactis and T. coccinea densities were significantly higher on toppled structures than on standing ones, P. americana was more abundant on standing platforms, and O. diffusa densities were not significantly different between the two sets of platforms. Corals were distributed more deeply on standing platforms than on toppled ones (particularly O. diffusa and P. americana). Madracis decactis (requiring light) and T. coccinea were concentrated at shallower depths (≤50 m). Rigs-to-Reefs structures serve as substrate for coral settlement. The probability of continued coral growth in these early stages of succession varies between species, when considering standing vs. toppled structures. We did not see overall evidence that toppling enhanced hermatypic coral populations, increased coral abundances in general, or created 3D reef-like fish habitat.
Can we predict the future: juvenile finfish and their seagrass nurseries in the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Jones Cynthia M.
Published: September 2013

The importance of estuarine seagrass beds as nurseries for juvenile fish has become a universal paradigm, especially for estuaries that are as important as the Chesapeake Bay. Yet, scientific tests of this hypothesis were equivocal depending on species, location, and metrics. Moreover, seagrasses themselves are under threat and one-third of seagrasses have disappeared worldwide with 65% of their losses occurring in estuaries. Although there have been extensive studies of seagrasses in the Chesapeake Bay, surprisingly few studies have quantified the relationship between seagrass as nurseries for finfish in the Bay. Of the few studies that have directly evaluated the use of seagrass nurseries, most have concentrated on single species or were of short duration. Few landscape-level or long-term studies have examined this relationship in the Bay or explored the potential effect of climate change. This review paper summarizes the seagrass habitat value as nurseries and presents recent juvenile fish studies that address the dearth of research at the long term and landscape level with an emphasis on the Chesapeake Bay. An important conclusion upon the review of these studies is that predicting the effects of climate change on fishery production remains uncertain.
The Northern High Time Resolution Universe pulsar survey – I. Setup and initial discoveries
Authors: Barr E D , Champion D J , Kramer M , Eatough R P , Freire P C C , Karuppusamy R , Lee K J , Verbiest J P W , Bassa C G , Lyne A G , Stappers B , Lorimer D R , Klein B
Published: September 2013

We report on the setup and initial discoveries of the Northern High Time Resolution Universe survey for pulsars and fast transients, the first major pulsar survey conducted with the 100-m Effelsberg radio telescope and the first in 20 years to observe the whole northern sky at high radio frequencies. Using a newly developed 7-beam receiver system combined with a state-of-the-art polyphase filterbank, we record an effective bandwidth of 240 MHz in 410 channels centred on 1.36 GHz with a time resolution of 54 μs. Such fine time and frequency resolution increases our sensitivity to millisecond pulsars and fast transients, especially deep inside the Galaxy, where previous surveys have been limited due to intrachannel dispersive smearing. To optimize observing time, the survey is split into three integration regimes dependent on Galactic latitude, with 1500, 180 and 90-s integrations for latitude ranges |b| < 3 $_{.}^{\circ}$5, |b| < 15° and |b| > 15°, respectively. The survey has so far resulted in the discovery of 15 radio pulsars, including a pulsar with a characteristic age of ∼18 kyr, PSR J2004+3429, and a highly eccentric, binary millisecond pulsar, PSR J1946+3417. All newly discovered pulsars are timed using the 76-m Lovell radio telescope at the Jodrell Bank Observatory and the Effelsberg radio telescope. We present timing solutions for all newly discovered pulsars and discuss potential supernova remnant associations for PSR J2004+3429.
Automated identification of RNA 3D modules with discriminative power in RNA structural alignments
Authors: Theis Corinna , Höner zu Siederdissen Christian , Hofacker Ivo L. , Gorodkin Jan
Published: September 2013

Recent progress in predicting RNA structure is moving towards filling the ‘gap’ in 2D RNA structure prediction where, for example, predicted internal loops often form non-canonical base pairs. This is increasingly recognized with the steady increase of known RNA 3D modules. There is a general interest in matching structural modules known from one molecule to other molecules for which the 3D structure is not known yet. We have created a pipeline, metaRNAmodules, which completely automates extracting putative modules from the FR3D database and mapping of such modules to Rfam alignments to obtain comparative evidence. Subsequently, the modules, initially represented by a graph, are turned into models for the RMDetect program, which allows to test their discriminative power using real and randomized Rfam alignments. An initial extraction of 22 495 3D modules in all PDB files results in 977 internal loop and 17 hairpin modules with clear discriminatory power. Many of these modules describe only minor variants of each other. Indeed, mapping of the modules onto Rfam families results in 35 unique locations in 11 different families. The metaRNAmodules pipeline source for the internal loop modules is available at http://rth.dk/resources/mrm.
The head module of Mediator directs activation of preloaded RNAPII in vivo
Authors: Lee Sarah K. , Chen Xu , Huang Liangqun , Stargell Laurie A.
Published: September 2013

The successful synthesis of a transcript by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is a multistage process with distinct rate-limiting steps that can vary depending on the particular gene. A growing number of genes in a variety of organisms are regulated at steps after the recruitment of RNAPII. The best-characterized Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene regulated in this manner is CYC1. This gene has high occupancy of RNAPII under non-inducing conditions, defining it as a poised gene. Here, we find that subunits of the head module of Mediator, Med18 and Med20, and Med19 are required for activation of transcription at the CYC1 promoter in response to environmental cues. These subunits of Mediator are required at the preloaded promoter for normal levels of recruitment and activity of the general transcription factor TFIIH. Strikingly, these Mediator components are dispensable for activation by the same activator at a different gene, which lacks a preloaded polymerase in the promoter region. Based on these results and other studies, we speculate that Mediator plays an essential role in triggering an inactive polymerase at CYC1 into a productively elongating form.
Pythium spp. Associated with Rooibos Seedlings, and Their Pathogenicity Toward Rooibos, Lupin, and Oat
Authors: Bahramisharif Amirhossein , Lamprecht Sandra C. , Spies Christoffel F. J. , Botha Wilhelm J. , Calitz Frikkie J. , McLeod Adéle
Published: September 2013

Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) is an important indigenous crop in South Africa. Oomycetes are a common problem in rooibos nurseries, causing serious losses, but limited information is available on the species involved. Molecular and morphological analyses of 117 oomycete isolates from 19 rooibos nurseries and 33 isolates from 11 native rooibos sites revealed the presence of several Pythium spp., including Pythium acanthicum, P. irregulare, P. mamillatum, P. myriotylum, P. pyrilobum, P. cederbergense, and Pythium RB II, and Phytophthora cinnamomi (native site). Most of the species were identified in nurseries and native rooibos, with Pythium irregulare being the most common species occurring in all nurseries and 46% of the native sites. Phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region of the P. irregulare isolates showed that isolates within this species complex fit into three subclades, of which only two have previously been reported. On rooibos, all species except P. acanthicum and the previously characterized P. cederbergense and Pythium RB II were pathogenic and highly virulent. On lupin and oat, rotation crops in nurseries, the three aforementioned species were also nonpathogenic. All the other oomycete species were pathogenic on lupin but less so than on rooibos. On oat, only P. irregulare, P. myriotylum, and P. pyrilobum were pathogenic. This is the first report of P. mamillatum, P. pyrilobum, and P. myriotylum as pathogens of lupin, and P. irregulare and P. pyrilobum as pathogens of oat. The three nonpathogenic Pythium spp. were able to significantly reduce disease caused by pathogenic species in the less susceptible lupin and oat but not on rooibos. On lupin, the nonpathogenic species enhanced the virulence of Phytophthora cinnamomi.
Nuclear Patch-Clamp Electrophysiology of Ca2+ Channels
Authors: Mak Don-On Daniel , Vais Horia , Cheung King-Ho , Foskett J. Kevin
Published: September 2013

Patch-clamping the outer or inner nuclear membrane of isolated nuclei is very similar to patch-clamping the plasma membrane of isolated cells. This protocol describes in detail all the steps required to successfully obtain nuclear membrane patches, in various configurations, from both the outer and inner nuclear membranes of isolated nuclei.
Consumer acceptance of m-wellbeing services: a social marketing perspective
Authors: Schuster Lisa , Drennan Judy , N. Lings Ian
Published: September 2013

Purpose

– This study aims to employ the Model of Goal-Directed Behaviour (MGB) to examine the consumer acceptance of technology-based self-service (TBSS) for a credence service instrumental to a social goal. Credence services are increasingly delivered via self-service technology and in social marketing, the achievement of social goals can be contingent on consumer acceptance of these services. However, little is known about the determinants of acceptance and extant marketing literature fails to account for emotional and goal influences which are likely to be important.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors interviewed 30 young adults with self-reported stress, anxiety or depression as potential users of a self-help mental health service delivered via mobile phone. The data were analysed deductively and inductively with the assistance of NVivo.

Findings

– The findings generally support using the MGB to enhance understanding of consumers' acceptance of TBSS. The paper also found evidence of the importance of maintenance self-efficacy, the self-evaluation of the ability to continue using the service, and a previously ignored element of consumer level competition that arises between alternatives that achieve the same goal.

Originality/value

– This study is the first to examine factors that influence consumers' acceptance of TBSS for credence services aimed at achieving a social goal. It builds on understanding of consumer decision making in social marketing, particularly the influence of self-efficacy and competition. It also contributes to attitudinal research by providing initial evidence for deepening and broadening the MGB in the context of TBSSs.
Supporting and impeding factors for partnering in construction: a China study
Authors: Zuo Jian , Chan Albert P.C. , Zhao Zhen‐Yu , Zillante George , Xia Bo
Published: September 2013

Purpose

Partnering has drawn attention from both academics and practitioners in the construction industry in the context of construction and facilities management. The past decades have seen a number of articles reporting the application of partnering in construction. The Chinese construction industry is one of the largest industries in the world; however, to the authors' best knowledge, no project in mainland China has adopted this procurement approach in a formal and systematic manner as yet. This paper presents a timely study that aims to investigate the feasibility of implementing the partnering concept into Chinese industry and to understand the current barriers to this concept in China.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed a qualitative approach to investigate the factors that support or impede the implementation of partnering in mainland China. The methodology encompassed a critical review of relevant laws, regulations, and policy documents; and semi‐structured interviews.

Findings

The findings indicate that the partnering practice is feasible in the construction industry of China due to the large demand brought about by China's strong economic growth and government support. However, the implementation of partnering in the Chinese construction industry is being impeded by the restrictions of the current Chinese regulatory framework and tender evaluation framework, the incompatible features of Chinese culture and the general lack of trust.

Originality/value

Six strategies that help to facilitate the implementation of partnering in China have been developed based on the supporting and impeding factors identified in this study. It is worth noting that not all aspects of Chinese culture are compatible with partnering principles. This study offers a useful reference to implement collaborative contracting models such as partnering in developing countries with a consideration of new factors such as political environment and emerging economies.
Job satisfaction, expectations, and gender: beyond the European Union
Authors: Linz Susan , Semykina Anastasia
Published: September 2013

Purpose

Do gender differences in expected rewards contribute to gender differences in job satisfaction?

Design/methodology/approach

This paper utilizes data collected from over 9,400 employees in five economically and culturally diverse former socialist economies, first, to determine whether there are gender differences in desired and expected rewards, and second, to assess whether the link between job satisfaction and expected reward varies by gender or reward desirability.

Findings

This paper finds that for women, job satisfaction is positively linked to both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards, but for men, job satisfaction tends to be positively linked to extrinsic rewards. When reward desirability is included, more often for women than for men, non‐monetary rewards are positively linked to job satisfaction regardless of whether they are viewed as desirable. Among men, the link between job satisfaction and a particular reward tends to be stronger if the reward is desired, although for job security this result holds for women as well. While own earnings tend to be positively linked to job satisfaction, comparison earnings are not statistically significant among most groups of respondents. Finally, we find that the magnitude of the estimated partial effect of increasing the expectation of receiving a particular reward tends to be greater for men than for women.

Research limitations/implications

By focussing on gender difference results that are common across these five diverse countries, we are able to add information that will prove useful in developing a more global perspective of factors influencing job satisfaction and worker performance.

Originality/value

This paper identifies gender differences in desired and expected rewards, both intrinsic and extrinsic, enabling us to more systematically explore gender differences in the link between job satisfaction, expectations, and reward desirability. Because our data come from employees in over 600 workplaces, we are able to control for an extensive number of worker, job, and workplace characteristics, which allows us to investigate in more detail, not only our primary objective – gender differences in the link between job satisfaction and expected rewards – but also several related topics: the proposition that women generally have lower workplace expectations, the link between job satisfaction and comparison earnings, for example.
How unemployment benefits affect individuals of different wealth classes
Authors: Corsini Lorenzo
Published: September 2013

Purpose

This paper investigates whether the effect of unemployment benefits (UB) on unemployment duration is the same for individuals belonging to different wealth groups.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of newly unemployed individuals from Italy in 2007, we perform estimations of semi‐parametric and parametric Cox hazard models and finds a significant interaction between benefits and wealth.

Findings

In particular, we show that the mitigating effect of benefits on liquidity constraints is less marked for individuals from richer households and therefore, for these individuals, benefits do not increase unemployment duration.

Originality/value

The results also show that liquidity constraints are important in determining unemployment duration and that wealth has an important role in the actual effect of UB.
Employee performance evaluation: a fuzzy approach
Authors: Ahmed Imtiaz , Sultana Ineen , Paul Sanjoy Kumar , Azeem Abdullahil
Published: September 2013

Purpose

Managers encounter many decisions that require the simultaneous use of different types of data in their decision‐making process. A critical decision area for managers is the performance evaluation of personnel, whether individually or as a member of a team. Performance evaluation is critically essential for the effective management of the human resource of an organization and evaluation of staff that help develop individuals, improve organizational performance, and feed into business planning.

Design/methodology/approach

Performance evaluations require and often involve disparate types of information that are vague, incomplete, objective, and subjective. This paper proposes a performance evaluation system of employees considering various performance evaluation criteria using fuzzy logic. The main task in the proposed approach involves determining the performance indices of employees considering their respective performance in various qualitative and quantitative evaluation criteria and then selecting the best employee who holds highest performance index comparing all the indices.

Findings

A model is developed for any kind of organization where performance evaluation is significantly important for staff motivation, attitude and behavior development, communicating and aligning individual and organizational aims, and fostering positive relationships between management and staff. Fuzzy control is used to determine the overall performance index by combining results of the performance in selected criteria and provided it in numerical values which will undoubtedly ensure convenience of the concerned human resource personnel during performance rating calculation.

Originality/value

This is the first time, a performance evaluation model is developed using fuzzy approach for any kind of organization where performance evaluation is significantly important for staff motivation, attitude and behavior development, communicating and aligning individual and organizational aims, and fostering positive relationships between management and staff.
Round two in peer support – personal reflections
Authors: Watson Emma
Published: September 2013

Purpose

– In April 2011, Nottinghamshire NHS trust created ten substantive peer support worker (PSW) posts following from a pilot project the previous year. Having learnt some valuable lessons from the pilot project, taking on new roles in in-patient settings involved development and learning from everybody involved. The aim of this paper is to provide an insight into this experience from the perspective of the PSW themselves.

Design/methodology/approach

– A personal narrative of the next stage of peer support is provided by a PSW employed by Nottingham NHS Trust. The learning journey, originally given as a presentation at Nottingham NHR Recovery demonstration day, is described in terms of the truths of peer support (PS).

Findings

– The role of PSW requires constant questioning, facing dilemmas and challenging situations. The second year of PS was a time in which the PSWs met these dilemmas and found their own solutions. The process has not been entirely easy for PSWs, all of whom have had to face situations, care settings and people that demand an unwavering focus on recovery and a compassionate understanding of each other as a team. Although the year has delivered challenges to the PS team, the process of learning from these and growing as a team has been highly rewarding.

Originality/value

– This is a unique personal reflection of the processes involved in developing a peer support relationship. This will be of interest to those planning to implement this process in the NHS or those who hope to work within a PS team.
What keeps CARL directors awake at night?
Authors: Lamothe Jane
Published: September 2013

Purpose

This article aims to overview research undertaken through the Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) to identify themes and issues of interest to library leaders in Canadian research libraries.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper discusses the context of the research, including moves by the Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) to develop closer collaborative projects with Canadian Masters of Library and Information Sciences (MLIS) programs and to develop a National Research Agenda (NRA), inclusive of National Research Priorities (NRP). It overviews the specific research undertaken to develop the NRP, including the methodology and research outcomes.

Findings

The research resulted in the NRP, which identified key themes/issues of interest to directors in CARL member institutions. As such, it provides a snapshot of current issues and trends in research library management and leadership within Canada. CARL is now promoting its NRP and encouraging researchers (individuals and teams) to undertake applied research on the identified themes/issues, as part of its strategy to encourage research collaborations; increase research intensiveness within academic librarianship; and, use of evidence‐based decision making and applied research to solve management challenges.

Originality/value

The article identifies the context for the research, the research approach (including methodology) and research outcomes which point to issues of concern for library leaders in Canadian research libraries. It is a snapshot of current issues of concern to library managers.
Resource leveling for a mass digitization project
Authors: Petersohn Barbara , Drummond Traci , Maxwell Melanie , Pepper Kelly
Published: September 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the nature of the project management concept of resource leveling, particularly how it can be utilized for grant‐funded mass digitization projects where time, cost and available resources – the elements of the project scope triangle – are in tension with each other to define the scope and quality of a project.

Design/methodology/approach

This article presents a case study of resource leveling for a mass digitization project in an academic library. Details on the use of resource leveling through deconstructing activities, smoothing and alternative scheduling are described in relation to this project.

Findings

Resource leveling techniques can assist digitization project managers to meet project milestones on time and within budget and may be particularly useful for digitization projects with limited budgets.

Originality/value

As digitization projects become more universal for libraries and cultural heritage institutions, this original case study offers insights into applying no‐cost project management techniques.
Emotional intelligent leadership
Authors: McKeown Anthony , Bates Jessica
Published: September 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report on a study concerning what emotional intelligence (EI) leadership attributes branch managers in the public library service in Northern Ireland (Libraries NI) consider to be most important.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology in the study involved a survey of all branch managers in Libraries NI – an online questionnaire containing quantitative and qualitative questions was sent to 104 branch managers. Goleman's Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI) was used to examine what attributes and skills were considered to be more important.

Findings

The study found that while EI was a new concept to the majority of respondents, they were valuing and demonstrating EI attributes and traits in their work. The top five leadership attributes were: communication; teamwork and collaboration; adaptability; integrity/trustworthiness; and organisational awareness. Likert‐scale questions showed that being able to empathise with staff was considered to be important, and open‐ended questions demonstrated that the branch managers recognised the importance of self‐awareness and that recognising emotions in staff was an important management trait.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides insight into the perceptions and practices of EI leadership within a public library setting and contributes to the research literature on the relevance of EI leadership for library management. It provides valuable comparative data for similar research undertaken elsewhere. Specific recommendations for further research into EI leadership and public libraries are also made.

Practical implications

The paper shows how the findings can be used to improve practice. Three specific frameworks are proposed which can be applied in the workplace: an Emotional Intelligence Leadership Skills Competency Framework for Branch Managers, which lists the personal and social competencies for branch managers in public libraries; suggestions for applying EI to leadership/management and staff development; and suggestions for applying EI to customer relations.

Originality/value

This study analyses for the first time EI leadership in a public library setting in Northern Ireland, and contributes to the emergent literature on EI and library leadership. The EI Leadership Skills Competency Framework for Branch Managers that is developed from this study can be applied, tested and used within and beyond the Northern Ireland public library setting in which it was conceived.
Assessing scholarly communication and research data training needs
Authors: Bresnahan Megan M. , Johnson Andrew M.
Published: September 2013

Purpose

This study aims to develop a systematic approach for assessing local training needs in order to reskill liaison librarians for new roles in scholarly communication and research data management.

Design/methodology/approach

This study followed a training needs assessment approach to develop a survey instrument that was administered electronically to liaison librarians. Survey data were analysed to create an overall prioritization score used to rank local training topics in terms of need. Additional data will inform the design, including formats, of a training agenda to meet these needs.

Findings

Survey results indicated that training for research data topics should be prioritized and addressed using hands‐on methods that would allow liaison librarians to develop tangible skills directly applicable to individual outreach activities.

Research limitations/implications

Training priorities often involve factors beyond the scope of this training needs assessment methodology. This methodology also presupposes a list of potential training topics. All training efforts resulting from this study will be assessed in order to determine the effectiveness of the initial interventions and inform the next steps in this iterative training agenda.

Practical implications

Involving potential trainees in the prioritization and development of a training agenda provides valuable information and may lead to increased receptivity to training.

Originality/value

This study provides a model for academic libraries to use to assess training needs in order to reskill current staff to adapt to a rapidly changing research and scholarly communication landscape.
Hearing stories, not keywords: teaching contextual readers' advisory
Authors: Dali Keren
Published: September 2013

Purpose

The concept of appeal has traditionally been considered a cornerstone of readers' advisory (RA). Critically revising the foundational works on appeal that have guided RA for more than two decades, this article aims to discuss the best ways to approach teaching RA as contextually grounded practice.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses a critical review of RA foundational works and of selected RA tools and publications; a comparative analysis of two empirically generated models of reading; and discourse on the possible application of research interviewing methods to the RA interview.

Findings

Given the disclosed unutilized potential of the existing theory of appeal and in light of recent empirical research, the concept of appeal should become less compartmentalized and should be broadened to include the reader and his or her reading context. Reading studies should be seen as directly relevant to understanding appeal. The SQUIN (single question aimed at inducing narrative) technique, borrowed from narrative research interviews, can be used in RA interviews to collect contextually grounded information about the appeal of reading.

Originality/value

This article will be of interest to LIS educators, practising readers' advisors, other public services librarians, reading scholars, and library and information science students. It takes a radically different approach to the concept of appeal, which has remained relatively stable since its conception in 1989, and uses it to propose not only a more holistic approach to RA but also some practical ways to teach it to future readers' advisors.
Japanese guidance for use of biologics for psoriasis (the 2013 version)
Authors: Ohtsuki Mamitaro , Terui Tadashi , Ozawa Akira , Morita Akimichi , Sano Shigetoshi , Takahashi Hidetoshi , Komine Mayumi , Etoh Takafumi , Igarashi Atsuyuki , Torii Hideshi , Asahina Akihiko , Nemoto Osamu , Nakagawa Hidemi ,   The Biologics Review Committee of the Japanese Dermatological Association: Chair: Hidemi Nakagawa
Published: September 2013

The clinical use of adalimumab and infliximab, human anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α monoclonal antibodies, for psoriasis began in January 2010. In January 2011, ustekinumab, a human anti‐interleukin‐12/23p40 (IL‐12/23p40) monoclonal antibody, was newly approved as the third biologic with an indication for psoriasis. While all of these biologics are expected to exhibit excellent therapeutic effect for psoriasis and to contribute to the improvement of quality of life in patients, these drugs require careful safety measures to prevent adverse drug reactions, such as serious infections. The new guidance, an English version prepared by revising the Japanese Guidance/Safety Manual for Use of Biologics for Psoriasis 2011 (in Japanese), is intended to provide up‐to‐date, evidence‐based recommendations and safety measures on the use of biologics, and describes the optimal use of the three biologics, medical requirements for facilities for using biologics, details of safety measures against reactivation of tuberculosis and hepatitis B virus infection, and recommendable combination therapies with biologics.
Quantitative Biostratigraphic Analysis upon the Upper Cretaceous in Tethyan Himalaya
Authors: Guangwei LI , Jun ZENG
Published: September 2013

Biostratigraphic analysis is an essential element for understanding global tectonics and the evolution of life on Earth. Quantitative analysis of sedimentary sequences provides the precise age constraints on timing of significant events in Earth's history. This paper presents results from quantitative stratigraphic analysis of Upper Cretaceous Tethyan Himalayan sequences. This analysis resulted in a new composite stratigraphic section for the Cretaceous strata of Tibet (TIBETKCS). The eight Upper Cretaceous sections were analyzed in this study and 12 planktonic foraminifera zones were recognized based on available data. Quantitative measurements were made using a Graphic Correlation with Graphcor 3.0 software and correlated to the world standard Cretaceous Composite Section (MIDKCS). The sections were also examined using Constrained Optimization software by CONOP9. Level Penalty was applied as the rule to measure misfit among automatically correlated sections. The new TIBETKCS correlates well with planktonic foraminifera ages from previous work in southern Tibet. A fitting equation of y=−0.19x+305 with a correlation coefficient of 0.94 was obtained from this work The ages of the first and last appearances of 64 planktonic foraminifera can be calculated with this equation with ± 0.3 Ma precision. This level of precision is approximately 10 times higher than age determinations with traditional methods. Two extinction events were resolved within this analysis at ∼93.5 Ma and ∼85.5 Ma corresponding to the Ocean Anoxic Events at Cenomanian–Turonian and Coniacian–Santonian boundaries respectively.
Detrital Mode and Geochemistry of the Shurijeh Formation (Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous) in the Central and Western Parts of the Intracontinental Kopet‐Dagh Basin, NE Iran: Implications for Provenance, Tectonic Setting and Weathering Processes
Authors: MORTAZAVI M. , MOUSSAVI‐HARAMI R. , MAHBOUBI A.
Published: September 2013

Petrographical and geochemical methods were combined to investigate the provenance, geodynamic and weathering history of the Shurijeh sandstones, Kopet‐Dagh Basin. The pointcounting method and XRF technique are used for modal and geochemical analyses. Based on petrographical examinations, it seems that the Shurijeh sandstones are mainly deposited in the craton interior and recycled orogen belts. In addition to petrographical investigation, geochemical analyses (major oxides and trace elements) of Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous rocks reveal that the sedimentation processes are performed in a passive continental margin. Such interpretation is supported with geodynamic and paleogeographical studies of the Kopeh‐Dagh basin during this time. The geochemical investigations suggested that the composition of probable source rocks mostly was acidic‐intermediate with minor mafic igneous rocks. Based on the above, Paleo‐Tethys remnants and their collision‐related granitoids, in the south and west of Mashhad, may have been the source area for these rocks. CIA values, which range from 63.8 to 94.9 in samples, are suggesting a moderate to relatively high degree of alteration (weathering) in the source area. Therefore, petrographical and paleogeographical studies of siliciclastic rocks can be used for the provenance, tectonic setting and paleoweathering studies in the source area.
Further Information of the Associated Li Deposits in the No.6 Coal Seam at Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, Northern China
Authors: Yuzhuang SUN , Cunliang ZHAO , Yanheng LI , Jinxi WANG , Jianya ZHANG , Zhe JIN , Mingyue LIN , KALKREUTH Wolfgang
Published: September 2013

Total 138 coal samples and 14 parting samples were taken from the No. 6 Seam of the Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia. These samples were analysed by optical microscopy, sequential chemical extraction procedure (SCEP), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), X–ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope in conjunction with an energy–dispersive X–ray spectrometer (SEM–EDX) analysis. The results indicate that the Li contents have reached the industrial grade of the coal associated Li deposit, and the total Li reserves have reached 2406600 tons, that is, 5157000 tons Li2O in the No. 6 seam in the Jungar Coalfield. The sequential chemical extraction procedure results suggest that the Li concentration is mainly related to inorganic matter. The minerals in the coals consist of kaolinite, boehmite, chlorite–group mineral, quartz, calcite, pyrite, siderite and amorphous clay material. Some Li could be absorbed by clay minerals in the Li–bearing coal seam. The chlorite phase could be most likely the host for a part of Li. The Yinshan Oldland should be the most possible source of Li of the coal.
Physical Modeling of Landslide Mechanism in Oblique Thick‐Bedded Rock Slope: A Case Study
Authors: Zhen FENG , Yueping YIN , Bin LI , Jinkai YAN
Published: September 2013

The Jiweishan landslide illustrates the failure pattern of an apparent dip slide of an oblique thick‐bedded rockslide. Centrifugal modeling was performed using a model slope consisting of four sets of joints to investigate the landslide initiation mechanism. Crack strain gauges pasted between the slide blocks and the base failed in sequence from the rear to the front as the centrifugal acceleration increased. When the acceleration reached 16.3g, the instantaneous failure of the key block in the front triggered the apparent dip slide of all blocks. The physical modeling results and previous studies suggest that the strength reduction in the weak layer and the failure of the key block are the main reasons for the Jiweishan landslide. The centrifuge experiment validated the previously proposed driving‐blocks–key‐block model of apparent dip slide in oblique with inclined bedding rock slopes. In addition, the results from limit equilibrium method and centrifuge test suggest that even though the failure of the key block in the front is instantaneous, a progressive stable–unstable transition exists.
An Analysis of the Convergence of the Composition of Public Expenditures in European Union Countries
Authors: Ferreiro Jesús , García‐del‐Valle M. Teresa , Gómez Carmen
Published: September 2013

The literature on fiscal policies is paying increasing attention to the impact of the composition of public expenditures on long‐term economic growth. Public policy endogenous growth models recommend to change the composition of public expenditures to items considered productive expenditures. In this sense, European institutions are encouraging the rise in the share of productive outlays like public investments, R&D, and active labor market policies, among others. The article analyzes whether these recommendations are followed by European Union countries and whether a convergence to a new pattern of public finances with a higher share of those items considered productive expenditures by European institutions is arising.
Revisiting the Concept of Schools of Thought in Economics: The Example of theAustrian School
Authors: Negru Ioana
Published: September 2013

The aim of this article is to explore defining characteristics of schools of thought in economics, withAustrian economics chosen to illustrate some of the themes raised. This article argues that a school of thought can be interpreted as an entity that comprises both a system of thought and its member practitioners. Furthermore, a school of thought presupposes the existence of two elements:coherenceanddistinctiveness. Despite the existence ofMisesian andHayekian strands and thus of plurality within theAustrian school, the article argues for the existence of a broader notion ofcoherencewithin theAustrian school at the level of epistemology, methodology, and agenda/objectives.
Hayek and the Sorcerer's Apprentice: Whither the Hayekian Logic of Intervention?
Authors: McPhail Edward , Farrant Andrew
Published: September 2013

Commentators claim thatHayek's work readily explains what consequences are likely to result from the allegedly socialist policies finding favor with theObama Administration. They have ready cause to invoke his name asHayek himself has a penchant for promiscuously invoking “planning” with widespread descriptive applicability. This article draws upon archival material to show thatHayek did indeed think that persisting with middle‐way policies (Hayek's supposed “muddle of the middle”) would lead to full‐blown command planning. In particular,Hayek argued that middle‐way policies would induce psychological changes in the populace that would lead it to supposedly favor and call for ever greater government intervention. ForHayek, these supposed psychological changes allegedly provide much grease for any slippery slope that leads to serfdom.
Prospective comparison of quality‐of‐life outcomes between ileal conduit urinary diversion and orthotopic neobladder reconstruction after radical cystectomy: a statistical model
Authors: Singh Vishwajeet , Yadav Rahul , Sinha Rahul Janak , Gupta Dheeraj Kumar
Published: September 2013

Objective

To conduct a prospective comparison of quality‐of‐life (QoL) outcomes in patients who underwent ileal conduit (IC) urinary diversion with those who underwent orthotopic neobladder (ONB) reconstruction after radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancers.

Patients and Methods

Between January 2007 and December 2012, 227 patients underwent radical cystectomy and either IC urinary diversion or ONB (sigmoid or ileal) reconstruction.

Contraindications for ON were impaired renal function (serum creatinine >2 mg/dL), chronic inflammatory bowel disease, previous bowel resection and tumour involvement at the bladder neck/prostatic urethra. Patients who did not have these contraindications chose to undergo either IC or ONB reconstruction, after impartial counselling.

Baseline characteristics, including demographic profile, body mass index, comorbidities, histopathology of the cystoprostatectomy (with lymph nodes) specimen, pathological tumour stage, postoperative complications, adjuvant therapy and relapse, were recorded and compared.

The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL questionnaire C30 version 3 was used to analyse QoL before surgery and 6, 12 and 18 months after surgery.

Results

Of the 227 patients, 28 patients in the IC group and 35 in the ONB group were excluded. The final analysis included 80 patients in the IC and 84 in the ONB group.

None of the baseline characteristics were significantly different between the groups, except for age, but none of the baseline QoL variables were found to be correlated with age.

In the preoperative phase, there were no significant differences in any of the QoL domains between the IC or the ONB groups. At 6, 12 and 18 months in the postoperative period, physical functioning (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), role functioning (P = 0.01, P = 0.01 and P = 0.003, respectively), social functioning (P = 0.01, P = 0.01 and P = 0.01, respectively) and global health status/QoL (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively) were better in patients in the ONB group than in those in the IC group and the differences were significant.

The financial burden related to bladder cancer treatment was significantly lower in the ONB group than in the IC group at 6, 12 and 18 months of follow‐up (P = 0.05, P = 0.05 and P = 0.005, respectively)

Conclusions

ONB is better than IC in terms of physical functioning, role functioning, social functioning, global health status/QoL and financial expenditure.

ONB reconstruction provides better QoL outcomes than does IC urinary diversion.
Prospective analysis of penile length changes after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Berookhim Boback M. , Nelson Christian J. , Kunzel Brian , Mulhall John P. , Narus Joseph B.
Published: September 2013

Objectives

To assess the impact of radical prostatectomy (RP) on penile dimensions.

To assess the impact of phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitor (PDE5i) use on penile length changes.

Patients and Methods

Men undergoing RP were enrolled in this prospective study before surgery. Demographic, clinical and PDE5i frequency‐of‐use data were collected.

Erectile function was measured using the erectile function domain (EFD) of the International Index of Erectile Function.

A single evaluator measured stretched flaccid penile length (SFPL) before RP, and at 2 and 6 months after RP.

Repeated measures analysis was used to test differences in SFPL between timepoints. Pearson correlation was used for univariate analyses and multiple regression was used for multivariable analysis.

Results

A total of 118 patients were evaluated at baseline, with 76 and 63 patients evaluated at 2 and 6 months, respectively.

At 2 months, there was a 2.4‐mm mean decrease in SFPL, while at 6 months there was no significant difference.

At 6 months, those subjects who took a daily PDE5i had no SFPL loss (n = 36, 1±6.7 mm gain, P = 0.37 compared with baseline), while those subjects who did not consistently take a PDE5i had SFPL loss (n = 27, 4.4±6.6 mm loss, P < 0.002 compared with baseline).

In multivariable analysis, PDE5i use at 6 months and 6‐month EFD score without on‐demand PDE5i were significant predictors of 6‐month SFPL loss, suggesting that an increase in these variables leads to SFPL preservation.

Conclusions

In this rigorously conducted prospective study of SFPL changes after RP, there was evidence of SFPL loss at 2 months, but not at 6 months after RP.

PDE5i use moderated SFPL loss, with patients who regularly used PDE5i having no loss in SFPL.