bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nurses' perception of emergency department overcrowding: A qualitative study
Authors: Parvaresh-Masoud Mohammad , Cheraghi Mohammad Ali , Imanipour Masoomeh
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION:

One of the most important wards of the hospital is the emergency department (ED). Due to the increasing number of referrals, overcrowding has become a significant problem. It means an increase in patients' referrals and swarms at the ED, limiting their medical staff access. This study investigates the nurses' experiences and perceptions about the reasons for ED overcrowding.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Twelve emergency nurses were purposefully selected to take part in this study. Data collection was through face-to-face semi-structured interviews until data saturation was finalized. Data analysis was conducted using Graneheim and Lundman's conventional content analysis.

RESULTS:

Nurses' experiences with the reasons for ED overcrowding came into two main categories. The first was “increased referral to the emergency department,” which had three subcategories: “increased referral due to health system reform plan,” “increased referral due to corona pandemic,” and “improper triage.” The second was “increased patients' length of stay at the ED” with seven subcategories including “shortage of bed,” “shortage of nursing staff,” “lack of physical space,” “turtle para-clinic,” “on-call specialists' delay,” “timely medical record documentation requirements,” and “delaying in patients' transfer from the ED to the ward.”

CONCLUSION:

The results showed ED overcrowding is inevitable. Intentional or unintentional changes in the health system, such as implementing the health system reform plan or the corona pandemic, can also increase overcrowding. Findings showed ED overcrowding increased referrals and patients' length of stay. This study suggests the health system authorities pay more attention to this phenomenon and look for solutions.
Peer-review of teaching materials in Canadian and Australian universities: A content analysis
Authors: Gandomkar Roghayeh , Rooholamini Azadeh
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Peer-review of teaching materials (PRTM) has been considered a rigorous method to evaluate teaching performance to overcome the student evaluation's psychometric limitations and capture the complexity and multidimensionality of teaching. The current study aims to analyze the PRTM practices in Canadian and Australian universities in their faculty evaluation system.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This is a qualitative content analysis study in which all websites of Canadian and Australian universities (n = 46) were searched based on the experts› opinion. Data related to PRTM were extracted and analyzed employing an integrative content analysis, incorporating both inductive and deductive elements iteratively. Data were coded and then organized into subcategories and categories using a predetermined framework including the major design elements of a PRTM system. The number of universities for each subcategory was calculated.

RESULTS:

A total of 21 universities provided information on PRTM on their websites. The main features of PRTM programs were organized under the seven major design elements. Universities applied PRTM mostly (n = 11) as a summative evaluation. Between half to two-thirds of the universities did not provide information regarding the identification of the reviewers and candidates, preparation of reviewers, and logistics (how often and when) of the PRTM. Almost all universities (n = 20) defined the criteria for review in terms of teaching philosophy (n = 20), teaching activities (n = 20), teaching effectiveness (n = 19), educational leadership (n = 18), teaching scholarship (n = 17), and professional development (n = 14).

CONCLUSION:

The major design elements of PRTM, categories and subcategories offered in the current study provide a practical framework to design and implement a comprehensive and detailed PRTM system in the academic setting.
Raising patients hope in despair: The culture of nursing care of burn pain: An ethnographic study
Authors: Saadatmehr Seyed Reza , Vedadhir Abouali , Sanagoo Akram , Jouybari Leila
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Although many studies have been carried out to address burn patients' pain and suffering, pain relief still remains an immense unsolved challenge with individual, social, and cultural aspects.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

This study was conducted aiming to investigate and explain nursing care in burn patients. This was a semifocused ethnographic research conducted in burns units in a referral teaching hospital (Mazandaran, Iran). The data were collected through descriptive, focused, and selective participant observations and ethnographic interviews with burns unit nurses selected via a purposeful sampling method. The collected data were analyzed on the basis of James Spradley's approach.

RESULTS:

Three main categories and nine subcategories were obtained from data analysis that are as follows: 1) Bending over backward (tenacity, altruism, dedication, and conscience and constancy), 2) Prevention is worth a pound of cure (unique clinical methods, enhanced frustration tolerance through self-motivation and self-efficacy, raise patient's hope in despair), and 3) undisputed dominance of nursing art (reduced unsettling experiences, burnt and ripped body rehabilitation, patient stress management, and avoidance of false hope).

CONCLUSIONS:

Although burn nurses are under huge physical and mental pressure, they enhance patients' pain tolerance through their art of nursing, which is a collection of empirical knowledge, huge work conscience, unique clinical skills, and various therapeutic communication techniques.
Development of an educational guide for postpartum sexual health promotion: The Delphi method
Authors: Darooneh Tayebeh , Ozgoli Giti , Keshavarz Zohreh , Nasiri Malihe , Khiabani Azam , Roosta Firoozeh
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

The Promotion of sexual health has been emphasized in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As a primary prevention strategy, the promotion of sexual knowledge can reduce the incidence of postnatal sexual disorders. This study aimed to develop an educational guide for postpartum sexual health promotion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This qualitative study was conducted in 2021 in Tehran. The steps of developing the educational guide were based on the model of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). First, the related guidelines, books, booklets, and original articles were comprehensively reviewed. Based on the scientific evidence, the educational content was compiled. Then, the quality of this content was evaluated using the Delphi method; It was performed using expert opinions with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) tool.

RESULTS:

The educational content was developed in three chapters as follows: basic sexual education, postpartum changes and prevalent sexual problems of this period, and strategies for solving or adapting to postpartum sexual problems. This guide was developed in two separate sections for healthcare providers and mothers. The content was of excellent quality in all 6 domains of the AGREE tool (>90%); and evaluated to be optimal in terms of scientificity, significance, and feasibility with the consensus of experts (>95%).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this research, the steps of developing a comprehensive evidence-based educational guide for sexual health services in postpartum care were described, and its content was presented. The validity of the compiled content was also confirmed.
WhatsApp-based anemia e-leaflet for young women as a media for adolescent health promotion
Authors: Lestari Lusi , Heryani Heni , Ariani Dini
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Adolescence is the right time to intervene in overcoming anemia because it is an important period for growth and development. One of the causes of anemia is nutritional disorders, which can be caused by a lack of information about nutrition or the inability to apply the information obtained in daily life. The implementation of health promotion cannot be separated from the media. E-leaflets based on WhatsApp Messenger are one of the media that is easily accessed and understood by teenagers to reduce the number of anemia problems in young women. Therefore, this study was conducted to produce WhatsApp-based e-leaflet products as a medium for health promotion in adolescents.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This research is a type of research and development (RnD). The research subjects were media experts and 20 young women who met the inclusion criteria using a purposive sampling technique. Validation sheets by media experts and response questionnaires for young women were used to test the feasibility of the product. A quantitative descriptive analysis technique was applied for expert validation.

RESULTS:

The results showed that the WhatsApp-based anemia e-leaflet for young women was very feasible as media for promoting youth health based on the results of validation from media experts (96%) and small group trials (88%).

CONCLUSION:

WhatsApp-based anemia e-leaflets for young women are very appropriate as a medium for promoting adolescent health. It is recommended to do a trial in a large group and test the effectiveness of the WhatsApp-based anemia e-leaflet product for young women as a medium for promoting adolescent health.
Evaluation of risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kannan Suthanthira , Nelliyanil Maria , Mendagudli Roopa , Rajeshwari Swetha , Kona Chandralekha , Kundapur Rashmi , Sathyanath Shreyaswi , Kulkarni Vaman , Aggarwal Sumit
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION:

NAFLD is emerging as an important cause of liver disease in India. It is estimated that 16-32% of general population in India (nearly 120 million) has NAFLD.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to identify the risk factors of NAFLD and to identify the association of lifestyle (dietary and physical activity), genetic, and environmental factors with NAFLD in India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A systematic literature search was conducted using an international electronic database: PubMed (MEDLINE) and Google Scholar from the date of inception 31st March 2021 to 28th September 2021. We included studies examining patients with NAFLD: Adults above 18 years of age. Studies with or without a control population were both eligible. The studies with a diagnosis of NAFLD based solely on abnormal liver tests were excluded. We tried to get unpublished data but they were not of the quality of inclusion. Meta-analysis was performed using the software STATA 14.2 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). For each of the studies, the standard error was calculated using the reported number of outcomes and the sample size. A forest plot was used to graphically represent the study-specific and pooled prevalence estimates for overall and subgroup analysis.

RESULTS:

In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 studies including data from over 1800 individuals, we found that among components of lipid profile, LDL and HDL had a negative effects on NAFLD while triglycerides had a positive effect on NAFLD.

CONCLUSION:

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Obesity were the potential risk factors for NAFLD but the evidence generated was only from single studies.
Development of higher-order thinking in health profession education: A comprehensive toolkit for medical educators
Authors: Azar Nasim Gheshlaghi , Yazdani Shahram , Khoshgoftar Zohreh
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Higher-order thinking (HOT) is widely recognized as an essential objective of health profession education (HPE). Based on Lipman's three-dimensional model of thinking, we investigated strategies for the development of HOT including critical thinking (CT), creative thinking, and caring thinking in HPE in three consecutive studies. Fostering students' CT is regarded as an outcome of HPE. However, there is the limited level of consensus on educational interventions for CT development. In view of some of the controversies surrounding the development of CT skills and dispositions in HPE, the aim of this study was to determine educational interventions affecting CT development in HPE.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

This study employed the best-fit framework synthesis design. The frameworks recommended by Abramiet al. were used as a basis for the synthesis. Thepriori themeswere extracted from the selected best-fit frameworks. Then, Google Scholar, PubMed, SID, and ProQuest databases were searched for the literature related to the development of CT skills and dispositions in HPE students. Derived data from the HPE literature were coded against thepriori themes, extracted from the best-fit frameworks. Interpretation and restructuring of the new themes derived from HPE literature, and the preexistingpriori themesresulted in the final framework of the interventions affecting CT development in HPE students.

RESULTS:

The themes extracted from the HPE studies (including reflection, discussion, simulation, role-playing, questioning, and explicit expression of CT goals in curriculum) were similar to thea priori themesderived from the studies by Abramiet al. The new themes of experiential learning, art-based learning, argument mapping, concept mapping, and creating appropriate educational atmosphere were obtained by constant comparison of the data among the studies.

CONCLUSION:

The comprehensive framework of CT development methods provides a toolkit for medical educators. According to the results of the current study, the mixed approach, where CT is taught as an independent track, along with the discipline-specific CT development, seems to be more effective, compared to the immersion approach. Creating learning moments in the context of practice through experiential learning is noteworthy in the development of CT skills and dispositions. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of the newly developed strategies, such as art-based learning and concept mapping.
Explanation of the internet addiction model based on academic performance, academic experience, and clinical self-efficacy in nursing students: A path analysis
Authors: Khatony Alireza , Azizi Seyyed Mohsen , Janatolmakan Maryam , Jafari Faranak , Mohammadi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Internet addiction is a common disorder in nursing students, and this calls for a deeper investigation into this phenomenon and its dimensions. The aim of this study was to explain the internet addiction model based on academic performance, academic experience, and clinical self-efficacy in nursing students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study is a correlational and path analysis study that was conducted on 340 nursing students. Data collection tools included Yang's internet addiction questionnaire and self-efficacy in clinical performance scale. In this study, the academic grade point average was the measure of academic performance and the academic term was the measure of academic performance. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 and AMOS-22 software, descriptive and analytical statistics, and structural equations.

RESULTS:

There was a significant negative correlation between clinical self-efficacy (r = −0.950, P ≤ 0.01), academic experience (r = −0.872, P ≤ 0.01), and academic performance (r = −0.654, P ≤ 0.01) with internet addiction. A negative and significant relationship was found between the internet addiction and variables of clinical self-efficacy (total effect = −0.743, P < 0.001). Model fit indices were good and acceptable.

CONCLUSIONS:

There was a negative and significant relationship between the variables of clinical self-efficacy, academic experience and academic performance, and the internet addiction. Meanwhile, the academic experience had a negative and significant effect on the internet addiction. This finding highlights the need to implement advisory and psychological interventions to reduce internet addiction, especially in students with less academic experiences.
Relationship between attention deficit hyperactive disorders with life satisfaction among medical students in city of Hail, KSA
Authors: Zafar Mubashir , Alhelali Alaa Y. S. , Alfuwis Mohamed S. M. , Alshammari Waleed Z. Al-logan
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) begins in childhood, and its symptoms persist into adulthood. Students with ADHD symptoms will be at increased risk of antisocial behavior, depression, and loss of inhibition. This study determines the relationship between ADHD and life satisfaction level among medical students in the city of Hail, KSA.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in a public-sector medical college. A total of 200 students were recruited through stratified cluster sampling. Validated, structured scales of ADHD and life satisfaction were used, and known psychiatric disorders among students were excluded from the study. Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between ADHD and life satisfaction and identify the determinants of ADHD. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULT:

The prevalence rate of ADHD among medical students was 33.3%. Female gender, third-year academic year student, and 21–26-year-old age group were the high-risk groups of ADHD. Inattention (r = -0.263, P value -0.000) and hyperactivity (r = -0.260, P value 0.000) were significantly correlated with life satisfaction level, with 92% of the variability in life satisfaction determined by inattention and hyperactivity.

CONCLUSION:

The burden of ADHD is high among medical students, and it negatively correlates with life satisfaction level. Students' academic and social functioning was affected due to ADHD. There is a need to address this issue with early diagnosis and management of this disorder.
Prevalence of ADHD and factors for parent's participation in the care of children with ADHD, Yasothon, Thailand
Authors: Arrirak Narisara , Sombuteyotha Kemika , Bourneow Chaiwut , Namwong Thanom , Glangkarn Sumattana
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health disorder commonly observed in children. Parents' participation in the care (PPC) of children with ADHD (C-ADHD) is especially important to promote support care and treatment. We estimated the prevalence of C-ADHD and identified the factors for the PPC of C-ADHD.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:

A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted on parents and grade-one students in five primary schools, Muang district, Yasothon, Thailand. The study was conducted from March to June 2022. Data were collected using the screening test of SNAP-IV Thai version and by interviewing child psychiatrists and parents. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic data and prevalence of C-ADHD. Unconditional multiple logistic regression was used to identify predictive statistical model for the PPC of C-ADHD.

RESULTS:

Four hundred sixty-four students were screened by SNAP-IV, of which 30 students were confirmed as ADHD (6.5% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.4–9.1]), with 9.1% boys and 3.6% girls. Four factors associated with the PPC of C-ADHD significantly including male (ORadj: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.4–4.4), single divorce status (ORadj: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.2), income more than 15,000 baht (ORadj: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.8–5.1), and attitude level during middle-high (ORadj: 8.4, 95% CI: 5.0–14.2). Predictive factors of four variables can be used to implement the policy to improve the healthcare system, prevention, and PPC of C-ADHD.
Comparison of the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions and multi-interventional therapy on biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome among women
Authors: Elizabeth A J , Aruna J , Mercy P J
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Metabolic syndrome is one of the emerging health issues in developing countries. It includes diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and elevated blood cholesterol. This study aimed to compare the effects of two different types of interventions: multi-interventional therapy (MIT) and lifestyle interventions (LIs) on high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) among women with metabolic syndrome.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study used a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design with two experimental groups and one control group. This study was conducted among self-help group women from nine area development societies (ADS) in a selected area in South India from March 1, 2019, to February 28, 2020. Women (aged between 35 and 55 years) with metabolic syndrome were recruited by multistage sampling (N = 220) and randomly assigned into three groups: (a) control, (b) MIT (intervention 1), and (c) LIs (intervention 2). Reflexology foot massage, dietary modification, moderate-intensity exercise, and structured education were given to the MIT group and dietary modification, moderate-intensity exercise, and structured education were given to the LI group for 12 weeks. The control group received routine care. A demographic and clinical data sheet is used to collect the basic information. Biochemical variables (HDL, triglycerides, and FBS) were assessed before and after the intervention. The data obtained from the study were computed using a frequency distribution to describe the demographic characteristics, and a Chi-square (x2) test was conducted to find the homogeneity. Both parametric and nonparametric tests were conducted for the comparison of the effectiveness of different methods of interventions on biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome.

RESULTS:

Women who received MIT and LI had significantly lower values of HDL, triglycerides, and FBS after the treatment from baseline and compared with the control group. The study found a significant improvement in the biochemical parameters in the MIT group as compared to the control group and the LI group (<0.001).

CONCLUSION:

Paired t-test shows significant improvement in HDL, triglycerides, and FBS (P < 0.001) in both the LI and MIT groups. In case of triglycerides, MIT was found to be more effective (P < 0.001). Both MIT and LIs can be considered interventions for reducing triglycerides and FBS and increasing HDL.
Prevalence of anemia and comparison of perinatal outcomes among anemic and nonanemic mothers
Authors: Charan Gopal Singh , Kalia Raman , Khurana Mandeep Singh
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

The prevalence of anemia is a significant public health challenge. Approximately half of all pregnant women in India experience anemia during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anemia and perinatal outcomes among anemic and nonanemic pregnant mothers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The quantitative research approach was adopted using a descriptive comparative design. The study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatric departments of a tertiary care hospital. Hemoglobin (Hb) was recorded using antenatal records of pregnant mothers in their III trimester. Based on their Hb level, subjects were divided into two groups, anemic and nonanemic as per World Health Organization criteria. The subjects were followed up until the first week after birth.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of anemia was 48% [N = 410]; 70.6% had mild, 13.7% had moderate, and 15.7% had severe. The anemic group had a significantly higher incidence of low birthweight (30.9% vs 10.3%, P = 0.001) and preterm births (24.2% vs 3.2%, P = 0.001) compared to the nonanemic group. Additionally, there were significant differences in various quantitative perinatal parameters such as weight (P = 0.001), length (P = 0.001), head circumference (P = 0.001), chest circumference (P = 0.034), APGAR score at one minute (P = 0.022), and APGAR score at five minutes (P = 0.001) between the anemic and nonanemic.

CONCLUSION:

The maternal anemia is associated with increased risk of unfavorable perinatal outcomes. Identifying and managing anemia among pregnant women is critical to minimize adverse outcomes. Adequate antenatal care can play a significant role in preventing avoidable complications associated with anemia during the third trimester.
A cross-sectional study to identify the perception of children regarding paternal involvement in child rearing
Authors: Shaharban Fathimath , Benazeera  , Aranha Priya Reshma
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Child rearing is a generic term that refers to the upbringing of children by providing them with food, shelter, and clothing and encircled with socialization, shaping their personality, character, talents, cultural and moral values as well as their physical and emotional well-being. Research studies in India indicate that fathers are participating in children's lives in many ways, and are far from being uninvolved.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted among school-going children aged between 11-15 years at a selected school, Mangaluru in January 2022. Ninety-six study participants were recruited using a disproportionate stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-structured four-point Likert scale under six domains. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS:

The study results revealed that 84.6% had poor perception and 16.4% had good perception regarding paternal involvement in child-rearing. There was a significant association found between the educational status of the father and the type of family with perception score, at P < 0.05 level of significance.

CONCLUSION:

This study concluded that, even though fathers are more contributing, the children of the newer generation could not understand their father's involvement in their lives.
Awareness and practices in preventing maternal iron deficiency among pregnant women living in urban slum areas in Makassar City, Indonesia
Authors: Syarif Aidah Luthfiah , Ansariadi Ansariadi , Wahiduddin Wahiduddin , Wijaya Eri , Amiruddin Ridwan , Citrakesumasari Citrakesumasari , Ishak Hasanuddin
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

During pregnancy, the body requires more complex nutritional intake. Therefore, problems with fulfilling nutrition during pregnancy occur often. One of the most common nutritional problems in pregnancy is iron deficiency anemia, the most widespread micronutrient problem and the most difficult to overcome worldwide. This study aimed to determine awareness and prevention behavior associated with the incidence of iron deficiency in pregnant women living in urban slum areas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a cross-sectional study. The data collection used KoboToolbox, an Android-based tool. Iron status was examined by serum ferritin level assay using ELISA at the Microbiology Laboratory Unit of Hasanuddin University Hospital.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of pregnant women who experienced iron deficiency was 78%. The logistic regression analysis showed that poor awareness (AOR = 3.03, CI 95% 1.26-7.29, P = 0.013) and practices in taking iron enhancers (AOR = 2.85, CI 95% 1.18–6.92, P = 0.020) became the main factors associated with iron deficiency among pregnant women.

CONCLUSIONS:

Poor awareness and practices regarding consuming iron enhancers increased the risk of iron deficiency among pregnant women living in urban slum areas. Iron deficiency is a major health concern for pregnant women, especially those living in slum settlements, which must be addressed. A more optimal healthcare system for pregnant women may reduce the incidence of iron anemia in pregnancy by improving health promotion and optimizing healthcare services.
Assessment of the risk of developing type 2 diabetes using the Indian diabetes risk score in an urban community in Chandigarh, India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dandona Shaily , Tuteja Naman , Goel Naveen K. , Kalia Meenu , Walia Dinesh
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

The urban poor is a group that is known to be vulnerable to the adoption of a more urbanized lifestyle that places them at a higher risk for diabetes. Identification of at-risk individuals using simple screening tools like the Indian diabetes risk score developed by Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF-IDRS) and appropriate lifestyle interventions could greatly help in preventing or postponing the onset of diabetes and thus reducing the burden of the disease on the community and the nation as a whole.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals ≥30 years (n = 1533) of both genders in an urban colony of Chandigarh during a period of 1 year. A stratified two-stage systematic random sampling was adopted. The risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus was assessed using IDRS. The total risk score of each participant was analyzed and compared. Biochemical investigations, including blood glucose and lipid profiles for detecting diabetes, were conducted. Data were presented in percentages and proportions. The statistical analysis of the data was performed by using the Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of diabetes was 3.1% in the present study. Overall, the mean IDRS was found to be 52.14 ± 16.01. Elderly persons aged 60 years and above had higher IDRS. IDRS showed significant variability with age (P < 0.001). Females had significantly higher IDRS as compared to males (P = 0.002). The association between socioeconomic class and risk status was highly significant statistically (P < 0.001). IDRS among individuals with diabetes was found to be significantly higher (64.29 ± 13.92) as compared to non-diabetics. Among all, 749 (48.7%) had high IDRS, whereas 54 (3.5%) had low IDRS. There were 734 (47.8%) with moderate IDRS.

CONCLUSION:

IDRS was found to be highly sensitive for detecting the risk of diabetes, suggesting its potential use as a screening tool in community setup for the purpose of detecting diabetes.
Assessment of mental health and various strategies among Health Professions' (HP) students: A cross sectional study in King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
Authors: Aga Syed S. , Milibari Baraa B. , Alqahtani Ziyad S. , Alnabihi Ahmed N. , Alageely Abdulaziz G. , Alageely Omar G. , Al Qurashi Mansour , Abed Sara S. , Khawaji Bader , Khan Muhammad A.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

The education environment of medical colleges is known to have a burdensome effect on the overall mental health of the students. This study aimed to investigate the immediate impact of the medical education environment on mental health and quality of life among Health Profession students and to identify various coping strategies used by students to mitigate the stress.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

An online survey was conducted between April 1 and May 10, 2021, using a validated questionnaire based on DASS-42, employing a snowball sampling technique.

RESULTS:

A total of 338 students filled the questionnaire. The respondents had a high level of depression and anxiety scores, categorized as very severe which were significantly different among level of education (P < .05), for example, 88.9% of sixth year students had very severe depression compared to just 37% of first year ones. Gender-wise very severe scores varied from lowest 45.8% to 70.3% with comparable results for both males and females. Additionally, more than 30% of the students listed that the amount of material to be covered, lack of time to study the material to be tested, heavy demand to study, concern about trying to learn all the content, and competitiveness among students to be the top reason which affect their mental state of mental health.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study identifies the need to provide the free professional and psychological services to help cope with stress to the health profession students.
Methods of collecting and recording attendance of medical students in a classroom: A systematic review
Authors: Mondal Himel , Mondal Shaikat
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Recording the attendance of students is an important affair for schools, colleges, and universities. It is required to be compliant with the regulations set by the board or universities, as it helps to calculate cumulative attendance to determine the eligibility of a student for university examinations. Furthermore, it is crucial for the administration to have a record of who is on campus in case of an emergency. However, literature on various attendance methods that are in practice around the world is scarce. Hence, this review aimed to conduct a systematic literature review to find the current methods of recording attendance in a classroom.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Relevant literature was searched in PubMed using the keywords “attendance,” “method,” and “classroom,” and cross-references were also checked. Gray literature was also searched. The studies were screened for their content to determine their relevance to this review. A total of eight articles were included in the final systematic review.

RESULTS:

The literature suggests that the methods of recording attendance in a classroom can be broadly divided into three categories: teacher-led, student-led, and automated methods. In teacher-led methods, the teacher takes the responsibility of recording the attendance by actively implementing the method, and students respond (e.g., roll call by a teacher). In the student-led methods, the students take the responsibility to record attendance, while the teacher may act as a facilitator (e.g., signing in on a paper circulated among students). The newly introduced automated method requires little intervention from the teacher or students (e.g., radio-frequency identification (RFID)-based attendance).

CONCLUSION:

This review discusses the attendance recording methods in a classroom and explores the characteristics of these methods, along with their major advantages and disadvantages. Prospective teachers can gain insight into these methods and adopt suitable ones appropriate for their classrooms after assessing their suitability using the evaluation method suggested in this review.
Evaluation of association between periodontitis in pregnant women and preeclampsia
Authors: Jha Pratibha , Singh Sumedha , Dutta Ratan Kumar
Published: January 2024

Background and Objective:

Preeclampsia is a maternal disease encountered during the second half of pregnancy. Many risk factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Periodontitis may burden pregnant patients systemically with cytokines and endotoxin at the maternal fetal interface leading to endothelium dysfunction. Hence, our objective was to check the association between periodontitis and preeclampsia.

Materials and Methods:

This observational study was conducted in the outpatient department (OPD) of community health center from March 15, 2022, to December 14, 2022, on 100 patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

Pregnant women of age group >18 years with informed consent with gestational age between 26 and 36 weeks with Singleton pregnancy. Women with a history of smoking, alcohol and periodontal treatment, multiple pregnancy, and consumption of antibiotics (3 months before study inclusion) were excluded. All eligible candidates in the antenatal clinic in OPD of obstetrics and gynecology were screened by history, obstetrical examination, routine antenatal tests, including urine routine and blood pressure measurement. Subjects were evaluated as per the designed protocol. Fifty preeclamptics were taken as case and 50 non preeclamptic were taken as control. Oral examination was conducted on the patients at the inclusion in the study and followed till delivery. Blood pressure and urine albumin were checked at each visit. Details noted on delivery and outcomes were observed.

Results:

The risk of preeclampsia in women having periodontitis showed an odds ratio of 3.436 (95% confidence interval: 1.460–8.065; P = 0.006).

Conclusion:

As the etiology of both events is multifactorial preeclampsia and periodontitis relationship needs wise attention.
Fluid management strategy in dengue acute respiratory distress syndrome with chronic kidney disease: A case report
Authors: Prithvi Devarakonda , Kumar Ajeet , Kumar Amarjeet
Published: January 2024

Pulmonary manifestation in dengue is due to the involvement of both the upper and lower airways. Severe forms of dengue infection (pleural effusion, dengue hemorrhagic shock syndrome, and acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]) are mainly due to the involvement of the lower respiratory tract. ARDS is a well-known respiratory complication following dengue infection. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosed with dengue had a higher risk of unfavorable outcomes. Pulmonary involvement is one of the life-threatening complications in patients having CKD that contributes to increasing the mortality rate. Dysregulation of cytokines and apoptotic signaling pathway is a nonclassical mechanism of the kidney–lung crosstalk that results in the development of acute kidney injury in patients having ARDS. Severe worsening of renal function is common in CKD patients with dengue. Here, we discuss fluid management strategy in a patient having CKD who developed ARDS following dengue infection. The difficulty in the therapeutic dilemma is attributable to ambiguity in liberal versus conservative fluid therapy, contributing to a high risk of mortality. The narrow window of fluid tolerance in CKD patients further complicates the resuscitation strategy in patients with dengue ARDS.
Bilateral dead bag syndrome in skeletal dysplasia: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Banerjee Prabrisha , Priya Sweksha , Khan Sweta , Chowdhury Maitreyi
Published: January 2024

Posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation is a rare yet grave complication of cataract surgery. Late in-the-bag IOL dislocation is usually spontaneous and occurs due to progressive zonular weakness. Aging, high myopia, pseudoexfoliation, vitrectomized eye, and connective tissue disorder are the predisposing factors. A floppy capsular bag without any proliferative deposits has been termed a “dead bag.” Bilateral in-the-bag IOL dislocation or dead bag syndrome is very infrequent. We present such a case in a 67-year-old male with skeletal dysplasia. The patient had undergone uneventful cataract surgery in both eyes 11 years and 6 years ago respectively. Skeletal dysplasia may cause zonulopathy and associated defective collagen synthesis can affect the anchorage points of the zonules. In these patients, cataract surgery should be accomplished by experienced surgeons after detailed counseling of such complications.
Thyromimetics – Hope or hype
Authors: Goswami Soumik , Khare Vibhu Ranjan
Published: January 2024

Thyroid hormones (THs) have a salutary metabolic effect but exert negative effects on the cardiovascular system and other extrahepatic tissues when used in euthyroid individuals. For targeting metabolic diseases, TH analogs with thyroid receptor β selectivity and increased hepatic exposure have been designed. Several of these agents have shown possibility of benefit in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia with resmetirom being the most promising of the lot. In addition, the hepatomitogenic and neurotrophic role of thyromimetics is also promising. This narrative review looks back at the evidence that exists with these agents and also looks at their probable role in future.
Formal degree of regular supercuspidals
Authors: Schwein David
Published: January 2024

Supercuspidal representations are usually infinite-dimensional, so the size of such a representation cannot be measured by its dimension; the formal degree is a better alternative. Hiraga, Ichino, and Ikeda conjectured a formula for the formal degree of a supercuspidal in terms of its

L

-parameter only. Our first main result is to compute the formal degrees of the supercuspidal representations constructed by Yu. Our second result, using the first, is to verify that Kaletha’s regular supercuspidal

L

-packets satisfy the conjecture.
género de la inteligencia artificial: un diálogo-editorial con ChatGPT a modo de presentación del dosier
Authors: González-de-Requena-Farré Juan Antonio , ChatGPT
Published: January 2024

Un año más ―ya son siete― volvemos a la carga con nuevas propuestas de discusión e interpretación de nuestra compleja realidad mundial e hipercompleja situación latinoamericana. Como suele ocurrir, cuesta decidir por dónde empezar y cómo introducir una problemática; no obstante, desde algún punto de inicio, anclaje o referencia hay que comenzar sin dilación, demoras o pretextos. El problema del inicio resulta radical, ya sea que lo entendamos como la cuestión metafísica del origen (del arjé, lo arqueo- y lo archi-) o como el asunto práctico de la ocasión y el momento propicio u oportuno (el kairós). Para evitar la solemnidad, ritualización y escolasticismo del discurso académico, nosotros empezaremos con una inscripción callejera, uno de esos grafitis e inscripciones fugaces que encontramos de paso en un bloque de cemento de nuestra entrañable provincia: “No existen los aliados”. Escrita con aerosol tras alguna de las masivas marchas …
educación en disputa. La batalla por la igualdad en autoras españolas e hispanoamericanas entre los siglos XIX y XX
Authors: Fariña-Busto María Jesús
Published: January 2024

Aunque la defensa de la educación para las mujeres en igualdad de condiciones con la de los hombres tiene raíces mucho más antiguas en el tiempo, fue en las últimas décadas del siglo diecinueve y las primeras del veinte cuando un número significativo de autoras españolas e hispanoamericanas debatieron por extenso sobre su necesidad. Convencidas de que la educación constituía uno de los pilares básicos para la construcción de una sociedad igualitaria, hicieron de ella tema central en discursos de todo tipo, desde el ensayístico hasta el poético. Este artículo pone su foco sobre algunas de las propuestas, exponiendo los argumentos empleados y estableciendo las semejanzas y diferencias más relevantes. De ese modo, se logra ofrecer un mosaico del frente común del que formaron parte estas autoras a favor de la educación para las mujeres, cada una con sus características específicas y en sus contextos culturales y políticos particulares.
Enhancing Footwear Safety for Fall Prevention in Older Adults: A Comprehensive Review of Design Features
Authors: Kim In-Ju , Hegazy Fatma
Published: January 2024

Background: Falls are a global concern affecting people of all ages; however, older adults are particularly vulnerable to age-related factors and foot-related issues. Footwear is critical for preventing falls, as it provides stability and protection against slips, trips, and falls (STFs). However, a significant gap exists in the systematic exploration of the safety aspects of footwear design for fall prevention in older adults.Methods: This comprehensive review applied a meticulous search strategy encompassing prominent databases, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, ResearchGate, and PubMed. This review synthesized and analyzed existing research to bridge knowledge gaps and provide insights into optimal footwear choices for older adults in terms of design features such as fit, fixation, heel height, collar height, slip resistance, and sole/insole hardness.Results: The results underscore the importance of specific design features for preventing falls among older adults. A proper fit, secure fixation, appropriate heel and collar heights, slip resistance, and sole/insole hardness significantly contributed to fall prevention. These findings offer valuable guidance for optimizing footwear designs to enhance comfort, stability, and safety in the daily lives of older individuals.Conclusion: This comprehensive review fills a critical knowledge gap regarding the safety of footwear designs for fall prevention in older adults. The identified design features play a vital role in reducing the risk of falls and offer practical recommendations for the development of safer footwear. Ultimately, this study contributes to the existing knowledge base and supports efforts to prevent STFs in older adults through improved footwear design.
Application of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for premature ovarian insufficiency: Recent advances from mechanisms to therapeutics
Authors: Hu Hang-Qi , Xin Xi-Yan , Zhu Yu-Tian , Fan Rui-Wen , Zhang Hao-Lin , Ye Yang , Li Dong
Published: January 2024

The incidence of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is increasing worldwide, particularly among younger women, posing a significant challenge to fertility. In addition to menopausal symptoms, POI leads to several complications that profoundly affect female reproductive function and overall health. Unfortunately, current clinical treatment strategies for this condition are limited and often yield unsatisfactory outcomes. These approaches typically involve hormone replacement therapy combined with psychological support. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies for POI have garnered considerable attention in global research. MSCs can restore ovarian reproductive and endocrine functions through diverse mechanisms, including controlling differentiation, promoting angiogenesis, regulating ovarian fibrosis, inhibiting apoptosis, enhancing autocrine and paracrine effects, suppressing inflammation, modulating the immune system, and genetic regulation. This editorial offers a succinct summary of the application of MSC therapy in the context of POI, providing evidence for groundbreaking medical approaches that have potential to enhance reproductive health and overall well-being for women.
Point of Care Testing: Best Practice Toolkit for Improving Access to Point of Care Testing in Mobile Medicine
Authors:   , Gist Michaela
Published: January 2024

Practice Problem: Healthcare for persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) is a complex issue. Chronic and communicable diseases are disproportionately represented within this population. Healthcare spending is 2.5 times more costly in comparison to those who have not experienced homelessness. Although mobile health clinics aim to reduce the concerns with access to care, they do not eliminate barriers if the appropriate tests are not immediately available. PICO: In the homeless population treated in mobile medicine (P), what is the effect of point of care testing (I) on turnaround time (O) compared with outside laboratory testing (C)? Evidence: Critical analysis of the literature revealed that point of care testing (POCT) is equivalent to or better at improving test results from baseline, improving medication adherence, and cost effectiveness. In PEH, this can significantly reduce the average days to treatment. Intervention: Using the CDC’s Program Evaluation Framework, three established mobile health clinics were evaluated to determine if the mobile environment was an appropriate setting to support POCT tools. Ultimately, it was determined that there was a need for an environment-specific toolkit to support additional POCT tools in mobile healthcare. Outcome: A POCT in mobile medicine toolkit was created to support implementation of additional tools, which can provide rapid and convenient access to testing, results and treatment in a population known to have difficulty accessing traditional healthcare services. Conclusion: This toolkit is designed to improve the multi-layered and complex issue of healthcare for the intended population. This is driven by the need to enhance the quality of care, patient outcomes, and operational efficiency of mobile healthcare.