bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The time course of syllable frequency effects in the visual recognition of Korean morphologically complex nouns: an ERP study
Authors: Kwon Seoyeon , Lee Solbin , Kim Joonwoo , Nam Kichun
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The syllable frequency effect refers to that during the lexical decision task, words beginning with high-frequency syllables elicit slower responses than words beginning with low-frequency ones, indicating an inhibitory effect. However, previous studies in Korean have yielded mixed results. For morphologically simple words, an inhibitory or null effect has been observed, whereas in morphologically complex words, a facilitative effect has been reported. Unfortunately, the explanations for these mixed findings remain unclear. This study employed both behavioral and electrophysiological methods to investigate the temporal dynamics of the facilitative syllable frequency effect in Korean morphologically complex nouns. A secondary aim was to explore whether syllable frequency is modulated by stem length as a factor in morphological processing, at both the behavioral and neurophysiological levels.

Methods

Twenty-eight participants (mean age = 25.14, 9 female) performed a lexical decision task, responding whether visually presented stimuli were valid Korean words, while EEG data were recorded. The experimental condition included syllable frequency (2: High vs. low) and stem length (2: Long vs. Short).

Results

The behavioral data showed that lexical decision latencies were faster for morphologically complex nouns with higher syllable frequencies compared to those with lower frequencies. The ERP data revealed a significant syllable frequency effect on the P300 component, reflecting early visual word processing. However, no significant effect was found in the N400 component. Although stem length did not significantly influence behavioral results, it did show significant differences in N250 amplitudes. Notably, an interaction between syllable frequency and stem length had a significant effect on N400, in contrast to the behavioral findings.

Discussions

The findings suggest that, in the processing of morphologically complex words in Korean, syllable frequency serves as partial information that facilitates lexical decisions through the fast-guess mechanism, as proposed by the MROM-S model. Furthermore, the delayed time window for syllable processing may stemmed from a different stage of the processing between morphologically complex words and morphologically simple words. Lastly, stem length, as a form of morphological processing, may interact with syllable frequency during the lexical access stage.
Spatio-temporal analysis of potential factors explaining fluctuations in population size of Spisula subtruncata in the Dutch North Sea
Authors: de Fouw Jimmy , van Horssen Peter W. , Craeymeersch Johan , Leopold Mardik F. , Perdon Jack , Troost Karin , Tulp Ingrid , van Zwol Jetze , Philippart Catharina J. M.
Published: November 2024

Bivalves play a key role in coastal ecosystems by supporting food web, modifying habitats, and their economic value for fisheries. Many bivalve species are under pressure, showing large variations in population sizes and distributions, with climate change and human activities considered as important drivers. The Dutch North Sea hosts high densities of bivalve species, dominated by the cut trough shell Spisula subtruncata, with strong interannual variations and a patchy distribution. To explore the causes of this variation, data of an extensive long-term spatial benthic monitoring program (1995-2021) was analysed using a Bayesian spatio-temporal hurdle model. We considered indicators related to human activities, biological processes, climate change and habitat preference as explanatory variables for the observed long-term temporal and spatial variations. Results revealed that medium sediment grain size was key determinant of S. subtruncata occurrence and density. Increasing sea water temperatures during winter and the post-settlement phase positively affected annual population densities, while strong north-westerly winds led to lower densities. These climate change related factors had an overall positive effect on this species in the region. Human activities like shellfish dredging and sand nourishment had no measurable impact. However, shrimp and flatfish beam trawling overlapped with S. subtruncata occurrence and were negatively related to densities, suggesting higher beam trawling intensity in these areas may negatively impacts densities. Overall, the effects were stronger at medium to finer sediments where the highest densities occurred, indicating a strong habitat-dependent effect. Despite identifying multiple drivers, unexplained annual variation suggests other not included factors like predation pressure, also play a role. More detailed studies on the combined effects of climate change-driven environmental stressors and human activities are needed to fully understand the population dynamics. This knowledge is essential for developing more adequate fisheries and coastal management strategies to sustain biodiversity.
Experimental research on the chlorine salt corrosion resistance of alkali activated low-carbon concrete
Authors: Xu Shaoyun , Tang Jianzhong , Wang Limin
Published: November 2024

This paper presents orthogonal experiments to investigat the effects of sol ratio, content of fly ash and slag, expander and modulus of sodium silicate on the chlorine salt corrosion resistance of alkali activated low-carbon concrete (AALC). The microstructures and product compositions of AALC after chloride ion erosion were further analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results show that with an increase of sol ratio, the color depth of AALC gradually increases at 28 days, but the growth trend slows down, the difference of unsteady migration coefficient between sol ratio of 0.44 and 0.46 at 28 days is not obvious, and the unsteady migration coefficient increases first and then decreases at 56 days. As the fly ash content increases, the color depth of AALC increases significantly, when the fly ash content is 10%, it increases by 28.92% compared with AALC without fly ash, and when the fly ash content is 20%, it increases by 27.10% compared with that of 10%. With an increase of fly ash content, the unsteady migration coefficient gradually increases at 14, 28 and 56 days, when the fly ash content is 10%, it increases by 60.66% compared with AALC without fly ash, and when the fly ash content is 20%, it increases by 78.57% compared with that of 10%. As the content of expander increases, the color depth of AALC shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, the unsteady migration coefficients of 14, 28 and 56 days all increases first and then decreases. As the modulus of sodium silicate (Ms) increases, the color depth of AALC at 28 days decreases first and then increases, the unsteady migration coefficients at 14, 28 and 56 days all decreases first and then increases. In the process of sodium chloride solution soaking, the solution enters the internal pores of AALC, and unhydrated slag and fly ash will further react with sodium chloride to generate new hydration product of C-A-S-H. The hydration degree of AALC increases, and the internal structure becomes denser, corresponding to the peak value of hydration product C-S-H gel increases.
Enhancing critical care practitioners’ knowledge and adherence to ventilator-associated events bundle: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Alanazi Samiyah , Alonazi Wadi B.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Few surveys have focused on ventilator-associated pneumonia occurring in critically ill patients undergoing intubation and mechanical ventilation. Limited knowledge among healthcare workers may impede compliance with evidence-based guidelines for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia. We evaluate the knowledge of intensive care professionals related to preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care units.

Design

Cross-sectional survey.

Setting

Adult critical care departments in four tertiary hospitals in Riyadh in Saudi Arabia.

Subjects

Adult intensive care units attending physicians (intensivist, non-intensivist), Nurses, and Respiratory Therapist who works in ICUs.

Measurement and main results

We analyzed 758 questionnaires (100% response rate) from four tertiary hospitals in Riyadh provinces. Nurses constitute the largest group, with most of all professions being Saudi nationals at [343(45.3%)]. Physicians are primarily male, accounting for [127(16.8%)], while the Respiratory Therapy field is predominantly female at [91(12%)]. Our analysis involved, chi-square test to explore potential variations in knowledge among participants with diverse demographic variables. The finding of this was significant positive correlation between some elements. It provides valuable insights into the intricate associations between demographic characteristics and healthcare practices related to VAP prevention (p < 0.05). Demographic factors significantly influence health practices related to ventilator associated pneumonia bundle prevention.

Conclusion

Our research identifies key factors influencing ventilator associated pneumonia prevention in critical care settings and provides actionable recommendations for healthcare institutions to enhance patient safety. While this research has extensively examined physicians, nurses and respiratory therapists, there is a depth of investigations comparing the knowledge and practices of these specialists within tertiary hospitals in Riyadh. Conducting such a study is imperative to address knowledge gaps and promote practices that mitigate the adverse outcomes of ventilator associated pneumonia on healthcare systems. This study underscores the pivotal role of education, professional experience, and demographic factors in shaping medical procedures and practices. Targeted interventions in these areas could potentially enhance adherence to the bundle. The study suggests the importance of targeted education programs, mentorship initiatives, and ongoing research to enhance patient outcomes in critical care settings.
Clinical team debriefing post-critical events: perceptions, benefits, and barriers among learners
Authors: Imperio Michelle , Ireland Kristin , Xu Yiqing , Esteitie Rania , Tan Laren D. , Alismail Abdullah
Published: November 2024

Background

Clinical team debriefings (TD) following critical events are pivotal in promoting team learning and enhancing patient outcomes. Despite their importance, perceptions and practices surrounding these debriefings remain under-researched. The purpose of this study was to explore learners’ perceptions and experiences regarding debriefing practices, investigate correlations or discrepancies within those perceptions and experiences, and identify recommendations and potential practice improvements for clinical educators.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional anonymous survey of healthcare professionals, including medical students, medical residents, nursing students, and respiratory therapy students. The survey was sent to respiratory therapy programs, nursing programs, internal and emergency medicine and pediatric residency programs in southern California and Michigan. The variables surveyed included demographics, team debriefing experience, code experience, TD perceptions, emotional status, cognitive load, and the benefits and barriers of conducting post-code TD. Emotional status and cognitive load were assessed using validated surveys by Paas et al. and Barrett and Russell.

Results

Of the 184 participants, 56% (n = 104) were female. The mean cognitive load was 6.14 ± 1.6. A notable negative correlation was found between mental effort in recent real code experiences and emotional scales: “tense: calm” (r = −0.210; p = 0.018), “nervous: relaxed” (r = −0.234; p = 0.008), and “stressed: serene” (r = −0.258; p = 0.004). While 68.5% had attended a cardiopulmonary arrest event, only 34.9 had TD after their most recent code, and only 48.4% reported ever having a post-code TD. Notably, nurses (75.4%) and attending physicians (73.8%) predominated these debriefings. Debriefings averaged 9.30 min (SD = 7.30) with a median of 6 min. The most recognized benefits were identifying areas of systems/process improvement and promoting teamwork and solidarity within the code team participants. The most commonly recognized barriers were lack of time and wanting a more senior person to initiate TD.

Conclusion

The results of this study show a relatively low TD occurrence despite the high value learners attribute to TD. Addressing this inconsistency requires structured approaches, dedicated time, and an understanding of barriers. Recognizing the significant cognitive and emotional loads on learners further accentuates the need for structured post-event debriefings. Addressing these challenges with multi-disciplinary participation can enhance debriefing outcomes.
The efficacy and safety of remimazolam in painless colonoscopy: a prospective, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Shi Haobing , Zhang Jinyuan , Hu Zhiqiang , Hou Qianhao , Hu Qianhua , Dai Zhiguang , Zhou Wenjuan , Qi Dingwu , Li Yuling , Wang Qing , Wang Xiangrui , Liao Lijun , Qian Shuwen
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Remimazolam is a new type of ultra-short-effect intravenous anesthetic, that may provide adequate sedation for endoscopy while causing less cardiovascular or respiratory disturbance than propofol. The aim of this clinical study was to compare the efficacy and safety of two different doses of remimazolam with propofol for sedation during colonoscopy.

Patients and methods

225 subjects, aged 18 to 80 years, with American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I-III, were scheduled to undergo colonoscopy. All the subjects were randomly assigned to three groups, Low-Rem group (low dose remimazolam, 0.15 mg/kg, iv, n = 75), High-Rem group (high dose remimazolam, 0.2 mg/kg, iv, n = 75), and Propofol group (propofol 2 mg/kg, iv, n = 75). Every individual in this trial was given nalbuphine hydrochloride (0.2 mg/kg, iv) before administration of remimazolam or propofol. The primary outcome was the success rate of sedation. Haemodynamic parameters and adverse events were recorded to evaluate safety. Satisfaction of sedation from patients, anesthesiologists and gastroenterologists were also recorded.

Results

The success rate of colonoscopy procedure was 100% in both High-Rem and Propofol groups, but it was 89% in Low-Rem group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the induction time of anesthesia was shorter in Propofol group, when compared to the Low-Rem group and the High-Rem group (p < 0.05). The recovery time in Low-Rem group, High-Rem group, and Propofol group was 2.33, 2.43, and 3.21 min (p < 0.05) respectively, and the time of discharge was 25.00, 25.01, and 27.56 min (p < 0.05) respectively. Simultaneously, the incidence of adverse events such as hypotension, bradycardia, and respiratory depression in the remimazolam groups were significantly lower than that in the propofol group. No significant differences were observed among the three groups in Ramsay scale, BPS-NI scale, and Limb movement classification. Moreover, patients, anesthesiologists, and gastroenterologists were all satisfied with the sedation process.

Conclusion

Remimazolam can be used safely and effectively for colonoscopy. 0.2 mg/kg remimazolam and propofol have the same sedation success rate and more stable hemodynamics and fewer side effects than propofol.

Clinical trial registration

ChiCTR2100054053.
Attitudes toward and exposure to gender discrimination in work life by pulmonologists and thoracic surgeons: a questionnaire-based survey among Turkish thoracic society members
Authors: Ocakli Birsen , Yorgancioglu Arzu , Gungor Sinem , Topcu Fusun , Senol Yesim Yigiter , Goktas Basak , Kokturk Nurdan , Tuncay Eylem , Gundogus Baran , Altinoz Hilal , Yasin Yesim , Ozmen Ipek , Duru Serap , Yildirim Elif Ozari , Sevim Tulin , Ozturk Cansel Atinkaya , Uzaslan Esra ,   the Turkish Thoracic Society Women and Lung Diseases Working Group
Published: November 2024

Background

This study aimed to evaluate attitudes toward and exposure to gender discrimination in work life by chest diseases specialists and thoracic surgeons.

Methods

A total of 275 members of Turkish Thoracic Society (TTS) were included on a voluntary basis in this online cross-sectional questionnaire-survey using an internal member-only social media platform of TTS. The questionnaire form elicited items on sociodemographic characteristics, occupational characteristics and gender discrimination in work life (general opinions, attitudes and exposure).

Results

Female doctors (vs. males) were less likely to be a thoracic surgeon (13.8% vs. 34.5%, p < 0.05) and a professor of thoracic surgery (0.0% vs. 26.7% vs. p < 0.05), and more likely to consider housework as a considerable burden (89.8 vs. 73.6%, p = 0.02) and the significant role of discriminatory, negative and dissuasive attitudes of male physicians in their career choice (67.6 vs. 35.6%, p = 0.039). Male doctors were more likely to considered that men are more successful in specialties that require active physical strength (65.5 vs. 27.7%, p = 0.005) and those with very long working hours and heavy shifts (57.5 vs. 39.4%, p = 0.001). Female thoracic surgeons were more likely than males to consider that specialties with very long working hours and heavy shifts are more suitable for men (26.9 vs. 6.0%, p = 0.027) and men are given priority in academic career promotion (64.0 vs. 13.3%, p < 0.001). Younger (vs. older) females reported higher rate of exposure to gender discrimination (p = 0.041) and considerable impact of social roles on the specialty (p = 0.007), while female doctors working as a resident (33.8%) and a specialist (50.05%) indicated higher rate of exposure to gender discrimination during their career (p = 0.024).

Conclusion

In conclusion, our findings revealed that exposure to gender discrimination in work life was more commonly expressed by female members of TTS, particularly in terms of burden of social roles, career advancement options and leadership positions, along with significant role of discriminatory, negative and dissuasive attitudes of male physicians in their career choice. Accordingly, women remain underrepresented in thoracic surgery, particularly in the academic rank of full professor and in leadership positions with inability to promote after a definite step in their careers.
Enhancing resistance to Salmonella typhimurium in yellow-feathered broilers: a study of a strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as probiotic feed additives
Authors: Yin Yangyan , Peng Hao , Bai Huili , Pei Zhe , Chen Zhongwei , Ma Chunxia , Zhu Min , Li Jun , Li Changting , Gong Yu , Wang Leping , Teng Ling , Qin Zhongsheng , Zhou Jianhui , Wei Tianchao , Liao Yuying
Published: November 2024

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains are potentially rich sources of probiotics that could help avoid infections. In order to evaluate their efficacy in bolstering resistance to Salmonella typhimurium infection among chicks. In this study, L. plantarum and commercial probiotics were administered via the water supply at a dosage of 1×109 CFU per chicken from days 1 to 7 to establish a protective system for the chicks. On days 8 and 9, S. typhimurium was attacked to investigate the preventive effects and potential mechanisms of L. plantarum in comparison with commercial probiotics. Post-treatment, we took a broad range of measurements, including body weight, immune organ index changes, the viable count of S. typhimurium in the liver, spleen, and cecum, as well as pathological changes in the liver. Our findings demonstrated that both L. plantarum and the commercial probiotic could safeguard chicks from S. typhimurium infection. The data also suggested that probiotic medication could ease weight loss postinfection, lower the bacterial count in the liver, spleen, and cecum, and attenuate liver pathological damage among all treated participants. Subsequently, we did high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA to examine the fecal microbiota of the chicks 5  days post-infection. We discovered that both L. plantarum and the commercial probiotic could fend off the invasion of S. typhimurium by affecting the bacterial population of Anaerotruncus, Colidextribacter, and Lactobacillus. Generally speaking, the addition of L. plantarum as a feed additive protects yellow-feathered broilers from S. typhimurium illness, suggesting great potential for commercial uses in the poultry industry.
Characteristics of putative keystones in the healthy adult human gut microbiota as determined by correlation network analysis
Authors: Bauchinger Franziska , Seki David , Berry David
Published: November 2024

Keystone species are thought to play a critical role in determining the structure and function of microbial communities. As they are important candidates for microbiome-targeted interventions, the identification and characterization of keystones is a pressing research goal. Both empirical as well as computational approaches to identify keystones have been proposed, and in particular correlation network analysis is frequently utilized to interrogate sequencing-based microbiome data. Here, we apply an established method for identifying putative keystone taxa in correlation networks. We develop a robust workflow for network construction and systematically evaluate the effects of taxonomic resolution on network properties and the identification of keystone taxa. We are able to identify correlation network keystone species and genera, but could not detect taxa with high keystone potential at lower taxonomic resolution. Based on the correlation patterns observed, we hypothesize that the identified putative keystone taxa have a stabilizing effect that is exerted on correlated taxa. Correlation network analysis further revealed subcommunities present in the dataset that are remarkably similar to previously described patterns. The interrogation of available metatranscriptomes also revealed distinct transcriptional states present in all putative keystone taxa. These results suggest that keystone taxa may have stabilizing properties in a subset of community members rather than global effects. The work presented here contributes to the understanding of correlation network keystone taxa and sheds light on their potential ecological significance.
Recognition of parasitic helminth eggs via a deep learning-based platform
Authors: He Wei , Zhu Huiyin , Geng Junjie , Hu Xiao , Li Yuting , Shi Haimei , Wang Yaqian , Zhu Daiqian , Wang Huidi , Xie Li , Yang Hailin , Li Jian
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Accurate and rapid diagnosis is crucial for the effective treatment of parasitosis. Traditional etiological methods, especially microscopic examination, are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to false or missed detections. In response to these challenges, this study explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for the detection and classification of human parasite eggs through the YOLOv4 deep learning object detection algorithm.

Methods

Eggs from species such as Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides), Trichuris trichiura (T. trichiura), Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis), Ancylostoma duodenale (A. duodenale), Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum), Paragonimus westermani (P. westermani), Fasciolopsis buski (F. buski), Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis), and Taenia spp. (T. spp.) were collected and prepared as both single species and mixed egg smears. These samples were photographed under a light microscope and analyzed using the YOLO (You Only Look Once) v4 model.

Results

The model demonstrated high recognition accuracy, achieving 100% for Clonorchis sinensis and Schistosoma japonicum, with slightly lower accuracies for other species such as E. vermicularis (89.31%), F. buski (88.00%), and T. trichiura (84.85%). For mixed helminth eggs, the recognition accuracy rates arrived at Group 1 (98.10, 95.61%), Group 2 (94.86, 93.28 and 91.43%), and Group 3 (93.34 and 75.00%), indicating the platform’s robustness but also highlighting areas for improvement in complex diagnostic scenarios.

Discussion

The results show that this AI-assisted platform significantly reduces reliance on professional expertise while maintaining real-time efficiency and high accuracy, offering a powerful tool for the diagnosis and treatment of parasitosis. With further optimization, such as expanding training datasets and refining recognition algorithms, this AI system could become a key resource in both clinical and public health efforts to combat parasitic infections.
Unveiling the fate and potential neuroprotective role of neural stem/progenitor cells in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hijal Nora , Fouani Malak , Awada Bassel
Published: November 2024

Chronic pathological conditions often induce persistent systemic inflammation, contributing to neuroinflammatory diseases like Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MS is known for its autoimmune-mediated damage to myelin, axonal injury, and neuronal loss which drive disability accumulation and disease progression, often manifesting as cognitive impairments. Understanding the involvement of neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the remediation of MS through adult neurogenesis (ANG) and gliogenesis—the generation of new neurons and glial cells, respectively is of great importance. Hence, these phenomena, respectively, termed ANG and gliogenesis, involve significant structural and functional changes in neural networks. Thus, the proper integration of these newly generated cells into existing circuits is not only key to understanding the CNS’s development but also its remodeling in adulthood and recovery from diseases such as MS. Understanding how MS influences the fate of NSCs/NPCs and their possible neuroprotective role, provides insights into potential therapeutic interventions to alleviate the impact of MS on cognitive function and disease progression. This review explores MS, its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and its association with ANG and gliogenesis. It highlights the impact of altered NSCs and NPCs’ fate during MS and delves into the potential benefits of its modifications. It also evaluates treatment regimens that influence the fate of NSCS/NPCs to counteract the pathology subsequently.
Systems Neuroscience Computing in Python (SyNCoPy): a python package for large-scale analysis of electrophysiological data
Authors: Mönke Gregor , Schäfer Tim , Parto-Dezfouli Mohsen , Kajal Diljit Singh , Fürtinger Stefan , Schmiedt Joscha Tapani , Fries Pascal
Published: November 2024

We introduce an open-source Python package for the analysis of large-scale electrophysiological data, named SyNCoPy, which stands for Systems Neuroscience Computing in Python. The package includes signal processing analyses across time (e.g., time-lock analysis), frequency (e.g., power spectrum), and connectivity (e.g., coherence) domains. It enables user-friendly data analysis on both laptop-based and high-performance computing systems. SyNCoPy is designed to facilitate trial-parallel workflows (parallel processing of trials), making it an ideal tool for large-scale analysis of electrophysiological data. Based on parallel processing of trials, the software can support very large-scale datasets via innovative out-of-core computation techniques. It also provides seamless interoperability with other standard software packages through a range of file format importers and exporters and open file formats. The naming of the user functions closely follows the well-established FieldTrip framework, which is an open-source MATLAB toolbox for advanced analysis of electrophysiological data.
Sex differences in the association between dietary choline intake and total bone mineral density among adolescents aged 12–19 in the United States
Authors: Gong Hongyang , Jiang Jiecheng , Choi Seok , Huang Shaoqun
Published: November 2024

Background

While prior research has established a correlation between dietary choline intake and bone density in the elderly, the relationship in adolescents remains ambiguous. This study seeks to examine the association between dietary choline intake and bone density in American adolescents.

Methods

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 2005 to 2018 were used in this study, encompassing participants aged 12–19 years. The relationship between dietary choline intake and bone density was assessed using multivariate linear regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. Subgroup analyses were also performed to investigate differences across various subgroups.

Results

3,800 participants with an average age of 15 years were included in this study. After adjusting for relevant confounding factors, a positive correlation was observed between dietary choline intake and total bone density in adolescents (95% CI: 0.03–0.17, p = 0.010). Gender-specific analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between dietary choline intake and total bone density in males (95% CI: 0.07–0.23, p < 0.001), while no significant correlation was found in females (95% CI: −0.19 to 0.09, p = 0.500). The stratified analysis revealed that the positive association was more pronounced in males and non-Hispanic whites (interaction p < 0.05). The restricted cubic spline model demonstrated a linear positive correlation between dietary choline intake and total bone density.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that dietary choline intake levels are positively correlated with bone density in adolescents, with this association being specific to males.
Association between dietary carotenoids intake and fecal incontinence in American adults: evidence from NAHNES 2005–2010
Authors: Li Zhigang , Wen Zan , Cao Jiaqing , Cheng Fei
Published: November 2024

Object

Carotenoids represent a class of bioactive compounds with potential implications for gut health. However, the relationship between dietary carotenoid intake (DCI) and fecal incontinence (FI) remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the association between DCI and the risk of FI.

Methods

Participants aged 20 and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005–2010) were included in the study. Data on FI were derived from the bowel health questionnaire, while DCI information was obtained from dietary interviews. Survey-weighted logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to evaluate the relationship between DCI, its subtypes, and FI. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was utilized to assess the overall effect of DCI and its predominant subtypes. Finally, subgroup analyses were conducted.

Result

The study included a total of 11,915 participants, of whom 1,023 (7.0%) experienced FI. Logistic regression analysis revealed that, after adjusting for all covariates, there was a significant inverse association between DCI and the risk of FI (Model 2: Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.52–0.86, p = 0.003). However, among the DCI subtypes, only β-carotene was found to have a significant inverse relationship with FI (Model 2: Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52–0.88, p = 0.005). The RCS curves indicated no non-linear relationship between DCI, its subtypes, and FI (all p-non-linear >0.05). WQS analysis identified β-carotene (weight 38.2%) and lutein/zeaxanthin (weight 27.8%) as the primary contributors.

Conclusion

High levels of carotenoid intake, particularly β-carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin, are associated with a reduced risk of fecal incontinence. This discovery provides dietary recommendations for patients suffering from FI.
Post-harvest processed parsnip showed improved anti-oxidative capacity and protective potential against acrolein-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lee Kangwook , Pan Jeong Hoon , Choi La Yoon , Ju Jaehyun , Le Brandy , Williams Liana C. , Cho Tae Jin , Lee Eunjin , Yoon Ji Soo , Park Chae Lee , Kim Sang-Yoon , Yeon Sung Hum , Kim Jeonghoon , Choi Mulim , Kim Kongsik , Kim Kee-Hong , Kim Jae Kyeom
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Post-harvest processing plays a crucial role in enhancing the bioactive properties of vegetables. This study aimed to investigate the impact of post-harvest aging on parsnip’s bioactive profile and its protective effects against acrolein (Acr)-induced inflammation, a common pollutant and irritant linked to respiratory inflammation.

Methods

Parsnips (Pastinaca sativa L.) were aged at 60°C for up to 30 days, with extracts collected at intervals. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity were assessed using DPPH assays. Key bioactive compounds, including falcarindiol, DDMP, and 5-HMF, were quantified. In vitro studies used BEAS-2B cells to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects, while in vivo tests involved treating Acr-exposed mice with aged parsnip extract to observe cytokine responses.

Results

Aged parsnip extracts showed a 9.96-fold increase in TPC and a 4.25-fold increase in antioxidant capacity after 30 days. Bioactive compounds significantly increased in aged samples, especially falcarindiol and 5-HMF. In vitro, aged parsnip reduced Acr-induced TNF-α and IL-1β expression. In vivo, treated mice showed reduced bronchial inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and cytokine expression compared to controls.

Discussion

These findings suggest that post-harvest aging enhances parsnip’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, highlighting its potential as a functional food ingredient for managing inflammation and respiratory health.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach: focus on a heterogeneous disease at diagnosis. Case report and literature review
Authors: Monti Manlio , Limarzi Francesco , Oboldi Devil , Sbrancia Monica , Pallotti Maria Caterina , Miserocchi Giulia , Ghini Virginia , Zanuccoli Sofia , Cagnazzo Sara , Frassineti Giovanni Luca
Published: November 2024

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can originate in different parts of the body, including the head, neck, lung, bronchus, cervix uteri, esophagus, and cardia, and subsequently metastasize to the stomach. Primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) is a rare disease. To better understand GSCC, we present the case of a 72-year-old woman with a primary GSCC. A chest and abdominal CT scan highlighted a 36×26 mm mass with a 41 mm longitudinal diameter, which included the origin of the celiac tripod. The disease appeared to originate exophytically from the gastric wall. An ultrasound-endoscopy showed a hypoechoic formation with not well-defined margins measuring 40×30 mm involving the origin of the celiac tripod, about 10 mm from the gastric wall. An endoscopic fine-needle aspiration showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma. A PET/CT scan showed a hyperaccumulation of the known expansive formation at the celiac tripod (SUV 11.9) without specific cleavage planes from the stomach. A gastroscopy showed a regular esophagus and an absence of gastric protruding lesions. In the subcardial area, on the posterior wall, there was a slightly raised sub-centimetric area covered by bleeding mucosa where the biopsy had been performed. The pathological report showed chronic gastritis. An eco-endoscopy confirmed a hypoechoic neoformation measuring 30×40 mm that appeared to originate from the muscular layer of the gastric wall. The biopsy report was positive for broad-spectrum cytokeratins (AE1/AE3), CK5/6/7, p40, p63 and negative for CK20, PAS, TTF-1, anti-smooth muscle actin, CD45 (LCA), ERG, and S100. The clinical picture suggested poorly differentiated carcinoma with squamous differentiation. We analyzed the main classifications of GSCC cases and compared their characteristics. It is clear that to have an appropriate definition of GSCC, well-defined diagnostic criteria are needed. Currently, there is no consensus. For practical purposes, it would be better to include a panel of CK and p40 to distinguish GSCC from adenocarcinoma. A GSCC outside the mucosa is not rare and could be a true entity.
Complete response of a metastatic microsatellite-stable gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy: should we still operate? A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mechahougui Hiba , Chevallay Mickael , Cauchy François , Chaveau Nicolas , Puppa Giacomo , Koessler Thibaud , Monig Stefan
Published: November 2024

Gastric cancer often presents at an advanced stage in Western populations due to a lack of screening programs, leading to poor prognoses. Historically, palliative chemotherapy resulted in a median survival of 9.9 months. However, the introduction of the FLOT regimen and immunotherapy has significantly altered treatment outcomes. Oligometastatic gastric cancer, defined as metastasis limited to a single organ or a few sites, has emerged as a distinct subgroup with improved survival when treated with a combination of systemic and local therapies. We present the case of a 54-year-old male patient diagnosed with microsatellite-stable (MSS) oligometastatic gastric adenocarcinoma, including liver and peritoneal metastases, who achieved a complete pathological response following neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with FOLFOX and nivolumab. Despite unfavorable prognostic factors, such as liver involvement and positive peritoneal cytology, the patient responded well to the treatment, allowing curative surgery. Postoperative histology confirmed complete regression of both the primary tumor and metastases, with no recurrence observed at the 1-year follow-up. This case shows the potential of combined chemoimmunotherapy to convert previously inoperable MSS gastric cancer to surgical candidates. Further research is needed to better define patient selection criteria and assess long-term outcomes for these patients.
Case report: Tracing in parallel the salivary and gut microbiota profiles to assist Larotrectinib anticancer treatment for NTRK fusion–positive glioblastoma
Authors: Turco Luigia , Della Monica Rosa , Giordano Pasqualina , Cuomo Mariella , Biazzo Manuele , Mateu Baptiste , Di Liello Raimondo , Daniele Bruno , Normanno Nicola , De Luca Antonella , Rachiglio Anna Maria , Chiaramonte Carmela , Giugliano Francesca Maria , Chiariotti Lorenzo , Catapano Giuseppe , Coretti Lorena , Lembo Francesca
Published: November 2024

Oncotherapy can shape intestinal microbiota, which, in turn, may influence therapy effectiveness. Furthermore, microbiome signatures during treatments can be leveraged for the development of personalised therapeutic protocols in cancer treatment based on the identification of microbiota profiles as prognostic tools. Here, for the first time, the trajectory of gut and salivary microbiota in a patient treated with Larotrectinib, a targeted therapy approved for diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusion-positive, has been accurately investigated. We based our analyses on histological diagnosis, genomic and epigenomic profiling of tumour DNA, and faecal and salivary full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study clearly evidenced a remodelling of the bacterial communities following 1 month of the NTRK-inhibitor treatment, at both gut and oral levels. We reported a boosting of specific bacteria also described in response to other chemotherapeutic approaches, such as Enterococcus faecium, E. hirae, Akkermansia muciniphila, Barnesiella intestinihominis, and Bacteroides fragilis. Moreover, several bacterial species were similarly modulated upon Larotrectinib in faecal and saliva samples. Our results suggest a parallel dynamism of microbiota profiles in both body matrices possibly useful to identify microbial biomarkers as contributors to precision medicine in cancer therapies.
Gallbladder preserving cholelithotomy in children with hereditary spherocytosis complicated by gallstones: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Tang Ran , Zhou Cheng-xiao , Yang Yong , Bian Jian , Meng Li-xiang , Wei De-cheng , Qi Shi-qin
Published: November 2024

Background

Gallstones are among the most common complications of hereditary spherocytosis (HS). In previous treatments, gallbladder-preserving cholelithotomy (GPC) has remained a subject of significant debate due primarily to potential risks of stone recurrence. However, past studies have often overlooked the impact of specific disease conditions on GPC. In this study, we reviewed the clinical data of GPC in HS pediatric patients with concurrent gallstones over a period of seven years in a single center.

Methods

From December 2016 to April 2024, 32 pediatric patients with HS who underwent splenectomy and GPC surgery based on our inclusion criteria. Clinical pathological, and follow-up data of these patients were collected.

Results

In terms of short-term complications, there were there were no cases of postoperative bleeding, bile duct injury. 3 cases (9.3%) experienced varying degrees of bile peritonitis. During long-term follow-up, only 2 cases (6.2%) showed recurrence of gallstones. One case of bile leakage occurred.

Conclusion

GPC demonstrates significant efficacy for pediatric patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) complicated by gallstones, showing a a low recurrence rate and high safety profile.
Integrated multi-omics analyses combined with western blotting discovered that cis-TSG alleviated liver injury via modulating lipid metabolism
Authors: Teka Tekleab , Wu Jiang , Oduro Patrick Kwabena , Li Ze , Wang Chenxi , Chen Hao , Zhang Lin , Wang Haitao , Wang Liming , Han Lifeng
Published: November 2024

Background:Polygonum multiflorum shows dual hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic effects. The bioactive components responsible for these effects are unknown. This study investigates whether cis-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (cis-TSG), a stilbene glycoside, has hepatoprotective and/or hepatotoxic effects in a liver injury model.

Methods: C57BL/6J mice were administered α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) to induce cholestasis, followed by treatment with cis-TSG. Hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic effects were assessed using serum biomarkers, liver histology, and metabolomic and lipidomic profiling. Transcriptomic analysis were conducted to explore gene expression changes associated with lipid and bile acid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress.

Results and Discussion: ANIT administration caused significant liver injury, evident from elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and dysregulated lipid metabolism. cis-TSG treatment markedly reduced ALT and AST levels, normalized lipid profiles, and ameliorated liver damage, as seen histologically. Metabolomic and lipidomic analyses revealed that cis-TSG influenced key pathways, notably glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis. The treatment with cis-TSG increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs and PUFAs), enhancing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) activity. Transcriptomic data confirmed these findings, showing the downregulation of genes linked to lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the cis-TSG-treated group. The findings suggest that cis-TSG has a hepatoprotective effect through modulation of lipid metabolism and PPARα activation.
Natural compounds in the fight against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms: a review of antibiofilm strategies
Authors: Kashi Milad , Noei Milad , Chegini Zahra , Shariati Aref
Published: November 2024

Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen due to its ability to form strong biofilms and antibiotic resistance. Biofilms play an important role in bacterial survival against the host immune system and antibiotics. Natural compounds (NCs) have diverse bioactive properties with a low probability of resistance, making them promising candidates for biofilm control. NC such as curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, eugenol, thymol, citral, linalool, 1,8-cineole, pinene, cymene, terpineol, quercetin, and limonene have been widely utilized for the inhibition and destruction of S. aureus biofilms. NCs influence biofilm formation through several procedures. Some of the antibiofilm mechanisms of NCs are direct bactericidal effect, disrupting the quorum sensing system, preventing bacteria from aggregation and attachment to surfaces, reducing the microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs), interfering with sortase A enzyme, and altering the expression of biofilm-associated genes such as icaADBC, agr, and sarA. Furthermore, these compounds affect extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their components, such as polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) and eDNA. However, some disadvantages, such as low water solubility and bioavailability, limit their clinical usage. Therefore, scientists have considered using nanotechnology and drug platforms to improve NC’s efficacy. Some NC, such as thymol and curcumin, can also enhance photodynamic therapy against S. aurous biofilm community. This article evaluates the anti-biofilm potential of NC, their mechanisms of action against S. aureus biofilms, and various aspects of their application.
Exploring somatic mutations in BRAF, KRAS, and NRAS as therapeutic targets in Saudi colorectal cancer patients through massive parallel sequencing and variant classification
Authors: Aljuhani Thamer Abdulhamid , Shaik Noor Ahmad , Alqawas Rahaf Talal , Bokhary Rana Y. , Al-Mutadares Mahmood , Al Mahdi Hadiah Bassam , Al-Rayes Nuha , El-Harouni Ashraf AbdulRahman , Elango Ramu , Banaganapalli Babajan , Awan Zuhier Ahmad
Published: November 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cancer among Saudis, and mutations in BRAF, KRAS, and NRAS genes are therapeutically significant due to their association with pathways critical for cell cycle regulation. This study evaluates the prevalence and frequency of somatic mutations in these actionable genes in Saudi CRC patients and assesses their pathogenicity with bioinformatics methods.

Methodology

The study employed the TruSight Tumor 15 next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel on 86 colorectal cancer (CRC) samples to detect somatic mutations in BRAF, KRAS, and NRAS genes. Bioinformatic analyses of NGS sequences included variant annotation with ANNOVAR, pathogenicity prediction, variant reclassification with CancerVar, and extensive structural analysis. Additionally, molecular docking assessed the binding of Encorafenib to wild-type and mutant BRAF proteins, providing insights into the therapeutic relevance of pathogenic variants.

Results

Out of 86 tumor samples, 40 (46.5%) harbored somatic mutations within actionable genes (BRAF: 2.3%, KRAS: 43%, NRAS: 2.3%). Fourteen missense variants were identified (BRAF: n = 1, KRAS: n = 11, NRAS: n = 2). Variants with strong clinical significance included BRAF V600E (2.32%) and KRAS G12D (18.60%). Variants with potential clinical significance included several KRAS and an NRAS mutation, while variants of unknown significance included KRAS E49K and NRAS R102Q. One variant was novel: NRAS R102Q, and two were rare: KRAS E49K and G138E. We further extended the CancerVar prediction capability by adding new pathogenicity prediction tools. Molecular docking demonstrated that Encorafenib inhibits the V600E variant BRAF protein less effectively compared to its wild-type counterpart.

Conclusion

Overall, this study highlights the importance of comprehensive molecular screening and bioinformatics in understanding the mutational landscape of CRC in the Saudi population, ultimately improving targeted drug treatments.