bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Learning Environment in Teaching Mobile Application Development
Authors: Almeida Antonio Márcio Albuquerque , Silva Leonardo Pires De Sousa , Vasconcelos Francisco Heitor , Almeida Rômulo Nunes De Carvalho
Published: November 2018

The evolution in the formation of techniques in technological vocational education constitutes a series of pedagogical strategies that allow the learning, exercise, incentive and practice of students. The projects of interdisciplinary in the university aims to assist in learning the individual with the incentive of activities directed for collaborating with students in undergraduate. These projects are important for undergraduate courses in electrical engineering and computing engineering at the Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Sobral campus. With the main objectives of the project is to encourage the student to learn to academic growth. This article presents a case study developed by the project called the cooperative learning cell for the development of android applications, applied in groups of engineering students in the first and second semesters, using recent teaching methods aimed at learning, occurring in the period from September to December 2016. The main objective of the project was to promote the learning and sharing of knowledge about the programming content for mobile devices, aimed at the android operating system. In addition, it seeks to stimulate the student with more interactive content, applying examples and activities related to mobile programming that were related with the content of the engineering course or the labor market. After the group of students was created, nine meetings took place in each of them, the cooperative learning methodology was applied to the group, where the knowledge was generated through the interaction between two or more people, resulting in an active participation of the educational process. The classes were designed with a focus on content exposure, challenges and small projects to solve group tasks. In addition, professionals working in engineering companies in the northern region of Ceará were invited to give lectures to show the current situation of the labor market, focused on mobile applications. Evaluating the result over the course of the project. Keywords: Educational incentive, Cooperation, Engineering Teaching, Android.
Digitally Endangered Species: The BitList
Authors: Middleton Sarah , Kilbride William
Published: November 2018

The Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC) is a not-for-profit professional membership organisation that enables its members to deliver resilient long-term access to digital content and services, helping them to derive enduring value from digital assets and raising awareness of the strategic, cultural and technological challenges they face. The Coalition achieve its aims through advocacy, community engagement, workforce development, capacity-building, good practice and good governance.On 30 November 2017, as part of its ongoing advocacy work and the first International Digital Preservation Day, the DPC published the first ‘BitList.’ This list presented the results of a crowd-sourcing exercise that sought to discover which digital materials the digital preservation community thinks are most at risk, as well as which materials are relatively safe thanks to digital preservation.
Regulation Requires Records: Access to Fracking Information in the Marcellus/Utica Shale Formations
Authors: Tansey Eira
Published: November 2018

In the world of environmental regulation, records are the foundation on which all further regulatory action takes place. From permits that give industry permission to pollute in the name of economic activity, to annual production reports documenting how much fossil fuel is taken out of the ground, notices of violation issued by regulators, to complaints filed by citizens noticing contaminants in their water supply, recordkeeping is fundamental to regulation. Even as records are critical to understanding and contextualizing environmental problems, accessing and interpreting this information is an exceptionally difficult experience. This article will consider the regulatory recordkeeping context of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, the three most productive states in the Marcellus/Utica shale formation.
Documenting State Violence: (Symbolic) Annihilation & Archives of Survival
Authors: Solis Gabriel Daniel
Published: November 2018

This essay explores symbolic annihilation in the context of state violence, including policing, incarceration, and the death penalty in the US. Using auto-ethnography to reflect on the work of the Texas After Violence Project (TAVP) and other community-based documentation and archival projects, I argue that the personal stories and experiences of victims and survivors of state violence are critical counter-narratives to dominant discourses on violence, criminality, and the purported efficacy of retributive law enforcement and criminal justice policies and practices. They also compel us to engage with complex questions about victimhood, disposability, and accountability. Building on the work of activists and archivists engaged in liberatory memory work, I also argue that counter-narratives of state violence confront and challenge the social, cultural, and ideological power of symbolic annihilation. Because these counter-narratives are under constant threat of being suppressed, co-opted, or silenced, they are forms of endangered knowledge that must be protected and preserved. Finally, I reflect on ‘archives of survival,’ repositories of stories and other ephemera of tragedy that contribute to envisioning and achieving transformative justice.
The Paradox of Police Data
Authors: Wood Stacy
Published: November 2018

This paper considers the history and politics of ‘police data.’ Police data, I contend, is a category of endangered data reliant on voluntary and inconsistent reporting by law enforcement agencies; it is also inconsistently described and routinely housed in systems that were not designed with long-term strategies for data preservation, curation or management in mind. Moreover, whereas US law enforcement agencies have, for over a century, produced and published a great deal of data about crime, data about the ways in which police officers spend their time and make decisions about resources—as well as information about patterns of individual officer behavior, use of force, and in-custody deaths—is difficult to find. This presents a paradoxical situation wherein vast stores of extant data are completely inaccessible to the public. This paradoxical state is not new, but the continuation of a long history co-constituted by technologies, epistemologies and context.
Experiencia del CEIMM en Las Minas: Acompañamiento a las mujeres en los territorios indígenas
Authors: Dávila Molina Jacoba Del Carmen
Published: November 2018

Este artículo describe cómo se desarrolló el proceso de acompañamiento en los territorios indígenas, fundamentalmente el trabajo con las mujeres, las principales dificultades, alcances y desafíos. Acompañamiento comunitario que la Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense (URACCAN), a través del Centro de Estudio e Información de la Mujer Multiétnica (CEIMM), ha brindado en la búsqueda de promover cambios de actitudes con relación a la práctica de relaciones equitativas de género,  fortalecimiento de la organización, el liderazgo,  autonomía de las mujeres y los pueblos, esto accede a la convivencia  comunitaria, la conservación  de los recursos  naturales, promoción de la incidencia en las políticas públicas y el diálogo intercultural. Así mismo, facilitar la comunicación y confianza comunitaria, con autoridades municipales, regionales o nacionales para el empoderamiento de los pueblos y de las mujeres. Una de las situaciones que preocupa es la poca participación activa de las mujeres en los diferentes procesos de desarrollo de las comunidades indígenas ya que, por historia, no existe un reconocimiento de sus capacidades.
Communication in intensive care units and cardiac wards – A literature review and personal experiences
Authors: Mangafic Samra , Axelsson Birger , Holzmann Martin J. , Arbeus Mikael , Bjurman Christian
Published: November 2018

Background: Physicians are regularly confronted with a wide range of settings requiring good communication skills. Deficient communication is the main reason for patient complaints.Methods: A literature review and personal experiences of communication techniques used by physicians in intensive care units and cardiac wards.Results: Good communication can increase medical adherence and motivate patients to life-style changes and therefore improve outcomes, resolve or prevent conflicts, increase patients’ satisfaction with offered health care, decrease anxiety and depressive symptoms, instill hope and also make hospital staff feel better.Conclusions: In this article, different models aiming at achieving optimal results in diverse communication situations are described. Healthcare leaders and medical educators should encourage physicians to use the communication techniques presented in this review to optimize the interaction with patients, relatives and colleagues.
Predictors of Length of Stay and Discharge Disposition After Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Berman Jacob E. , Mata-Fink Ana , Kassam Hafiz F. , Blaine Theodore A. , Kovacevic David
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

Identifying patient factors that affect length of stay (LOS) and discharge disposition after shoulder arthroplasty is key in managing patient expectations. In this systematic review, we identify patient-specific covariates that correlate with increased LOS and need for discharge to a facility.

Methods:

We searched biomedical databases to identify associations between patient-specific factors and LOS and discharge disposition after shoulder arthroplasty. We included all studies involving hemiarthroplasty, anatomic shoulder arthroplasty, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Reported patient and provider factors were evaluated for their association with increased LOS and discharge to a facility.

Results:

Twenty-two studies were identified. Age >65 years, female sex, obesity, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty were associated with extended LOS and correlated with discharge to a facility. Greater hospital and surgeon volume were associated with decreased LOS and decreased risk of discharge to a facility. Local injection of liposomal bupivacaine combined with intravenous dexamethasone was associated with reduced LOS.

Discussion:

Patient factors affecting LOS and likelihood of discharge to a facility include age >65 years, female sex, diabetes, obesity, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. These factors can be used to develop studies to preoperatively predict outcomes after shoulder arthroplasty and to help identify patients who may be at risk of prolonged postoperative admission.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic level IV
Stem Cells and Platelet-rich Plasma for Knee Osteoarthritis: Prevalence and Cost in South Florida
Authors: Alcerro Jose C. , Lavernia Carlos J.
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

The use of stem cell therapy (SCT) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection for knee osteoarthritis (OA) is extremely controversial and at best experimental stage. These treatments are being offered across the nation for “cash-only payments.” Our objectives were to determine (1) what proportion of board-certified orthopedic surgeons in Miami-Dade County offer SCT or PRP and (2) how much do practices charge for these services.

Methods:

All board-certified orthopedic surgeons' offices in Miami-Dade County were identified by their American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons active membership. Offices were contacted and presented a hypothetical patient with end-stage OA searching for treatment (SCT or PRP injections) before having to undergo surgery.

Results:

Of the 96 registered American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons member's offices, 91 (94.7%) were contacted, 36% of offices offered PRP, and 24.5% offered SCT. However, 81% of the offices were transparent on the pricing of PRP, whereas 42% gave a price for SCT. Remaining practices stated that pricing would be “determined or discussed” during a scheduled visit. Mean cost for PRP injection was $897 (range, $350 to $1,700), and for SCT injection, it was $3,100 (range, $1,200 to $6,000).

Discussion:

Biological injectables as treatment of knee OA have potential use in the nonsurgical management of this disease. Data on the effectiveness are lacking and are conflicting. Data should continue to be investigational.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV
Do Western Companies Appropriately Adapt Their Indonesian Promotional Websites to an Indonesian Audience? A Study Applying Content Analysis of Cultural Cues Reveals Some Answers
Authors: Smith Philip Michael Ross , Weng Adrian Wee Tiong , Anuar Suhor , Kijbumrung Thanapat
Published: November 2018

This study explores the depiction of local culture in the Indonesian websites of English and American companies operating in Indonesia. The objective is to evaluate if the websites have been adapted to the local culture of Indonesia. Content analysis was employed in the analysis utilising an instrument applied in many similar types of research on website content analysis. Results of the study suggest that more effort is needed by the foreign companies to adapt their websites to this local cultural environment, particularly with regards to the cultural dimensions of high context, collectivism and power distance.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 14, No. 12
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: November 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 14, No. 12, 2018.
Reflections around the theory of Western civilization by Carroll Quigley
Authors: Skorupka Alfred
Published: November 2018

This article presents the theory of Western civilization – American scholar Carroll Quigley (1910-1977). In the conclusions, the author gives some criticism of the findings Quigley, and formulates his own theory about the future of the West.
Os desafios enfrentados pelos professores no processo de avaliação no ensino superior
Authors: Sousa Luciano Dias de , Almeida Flávio Aparecido de , Sousa Luciano Dias de , Bard Lucimere Aleixo , Cancela Lucas Borcard
Published: November 2018

O sistema de ensino superior brasileiro passou, nos últimos anos, por expressivas transformações, como mudanças normativas, valorativas e outras que dizem respeito à expansão, diversificação de tipos de instituições, tipos de cursos e à função social do ensino. Essas transformações, somadas às que a sociedade contemporânea vem passando, têm influenciado o futuro destas instituições que se veem, cada dia mais, obrigadas a repensar suas funções e oferecerem uma educação que corresponda às expectativas do Estado e da sociedade no que se refere a um ensino de qualidade. A esses aspectos soma-se a prática avaliativa, que tem se apresentado como um dos pontos críticos do processo educativo, por sua complexidade e repercussão na formação dos estudantes. Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo desse estudo é analisar, com base em uma revisão bibliográfica, alguns aspectos relacionados ao tema da avaliação da aprendizagem e, a partir do contraponto entre as diversas tendências e teorias que tratam do assunto, demonstrar a necessidade de mudanças nas práticas avaliativas realizadas nas instituições de ensino superior brasileiras em direção a uma avaliação formativa, qualitativa e democrática, que contribua para o crescimento intelectual dos profissionais a serem formados.Palavras-chave: ensino superior; avaliação; prática docente.
Múltiplos olhares sobre história única
Authors: Lopes Ana Monica Henriques
Published: November 2018

O artigo traça um diálogo entre autores que escrevem sobre questões relativas à história da África e à reprodução de uma leitura que reafirma estereótipos. Partimos da afirmação de Chimamanda Adichie sobre a história única para dialogar com diferentes tipos de produção escrita e observar em que medida elas se enquadram nessa perspectiva. Num segundo momento, analisamos a constituição de livros de Elikia M'Bokolo e Alberto da Costa e Silva com objetivo de investigar como autores de origens distintas, mas com grande circulação no Brasil, tratam a história da África. Concluímos demonstrando em que medida os diferentes discursos produzidos contribuem para a formação de uma história e um olhar único a respeito da África. Palavras-chave: História da África. Historiografia. Africanos.
Atuação militante de Lélia Gonzalez na discussão da Constituição Federal de 1988
Authors: Garrido Mírian Cristina de Moura
Published: November 2018

Nos aproximamos da comemoração dos trinta anos de promulgação da famosa “constituição cidadã”. O fato motiva uma reflexão sobre a atuação das entidades civis e de ativistas no processo de discussão do documento e de suas conquistas. O objetivo do presente artigo é compreender a participação da militante Lélia Gonzalez na subcomissão que discutiu questões relacionadas aos negros, bem como, as demandas apresentadas e os embates gerados. As fontes exploradas são a biografia da ativista, escrita por Ratts e Rios, e a Ata da sétima reunião da Subcomissão de Assembleia Nacional Constituinte, intitulada “Subcomissão dos Negros, Populações Indígenas, Pessoas Deficientes e Minorias”, na qual Lélia palestrou. De maneira geral, a participação da militante indica os elementos básicos das demandas do movimento negro contemporâneo e a apreensão da validade de seus discursos não parece ter sido unânime entre os constituintes. Contudo, a participação de ativistas na elaboração da Constituição cria a oportunidade de contato dos parlamentares com argumentos legitimadores da causa negra e de visibilidade para demandas sociais. Palavras-chave: Lélia Gonzalez. Movimento Negro Contemporâneo. Constituinte
Entre rupture et continuité : métamorphose identitaire dans Bleu de Krzysztof Kieślowski
Authors: Dame Isabelle
Published: November 2018

Cet article vise à présenter comment une lecture existentielle du film Bleu (1993) de Krzysztof Kieślowski permet de mettre en lumière la métamorphose identitaire de son héroïne, Julie. Nous verrons comment la perte brutale de son mari et de sa fille amènera l’héroïne à vivre une rupture identitaire qui brise le « calme » cher à l’oeuvre kieślowskienne. Nous pourrons comprendre que cette rupture est liée, dans l’oeuvre, à une perte traumatique qui ne peut être intégrée à son récit. Julie cherche à apaiser l’irruption traumatique du passé à travers un éloignement de ce qui le lui rappelle. Ce retrait apportera une tentative de dissolution de son identité. Julie sera sauvée par l’intervention de l’autre qui lui permettra de renaître, transformée par sa perte. La démarche herméneutique adoptée entraînera la description existentielle de la thématique identitaire dans l’oeuvre à être mise en dialogue avec un corpus théorique issu de la philosophie continentale et de la psychanalyse.
L’ouvrier et la machine dans les films miniers et sidérurgiques (1930-1960)
Authors: Mariotti Nadège
Published: November 2018

Cette étude appréhende par le biais de l’anthropologie visuelle l’évolution des représentations dans les relations entre l’ouvrier et la machine de 1930 à 1960 à partir d’exemples choisis de films de divers genres dont la thématique porte sur les mines et la sidérurgie. Ils permettent d’établir que le corps humain est le prolongement de la machine, un instrument (Marcel Mauss). Dans la conception même de l’automate (Jean-Claude Beaune), le geste répétitif, la temporalité cyclique, matérialisée par l’horloge et la communication non verbale occupent une place primordiale. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’homme s’efface de plus en plus pour laisser la machine seule sur scène. L’ouvrier, comme sa représentation filmique, change de statut. D’abord « instrument », il devient « automate » pour finir « effacé ».
L’action et le verbe dans Feuillets d’Hypnos
Authors: Marchal Bertrand
Published: November 2018

À partir de la généalogie et de l’explicitation de la formule de la note 6 « transformer vieux ennemis en loyaux adversaires », cet article se propose de mettre en évidence la tension, plutôt que la dialectique, entre l’action et le verbe qui structure les Feuillets d’Hypnos – comme elle structurait déjà le recueil précédent, Seuls demeurent – et qui définit ce qu’on peut appeler la « poéthique » de René Char.
Obscurité de René Char
Authors: Michel Laure
Published: November 2018

L’obscurité de René Char, lieu commun de la critique, repousse ou fascine le lecteur. Cette réception, aiguë au lendemain de la guerre où elle s’inscrit dans le contexte d’une poésie issue de la Résistance, est active jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Si l’on tente de lui trouver des raisons, on observera que l’obscurité est une part constitutive de la poétique charienne, qu’elle a ses formes propres et ses enjeux historiques. La prendre au sérieux, au-delà des polémiques, engage alors de reconsidérer nos attentes de lecteurs en termes de communication poétique. Peut-être faut-il accepter de nouer autrement la lecture et la vie.
The effect of insulin on equine lamellar basal epithelial cells mediated by the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor
Authors: Baskerville Courtnay L. , Chockalingham Subu , Harris Patricia A. , Bailey Simon R.
Published: November 2018

Background

In horses and ponies, insulin dysregulation leading to hyperinsulinemia may be associated with increased risk of laminitis, and prolonged infusion of insulin can induce the condition. It is unclear whether insulin may have a direct or indirect effect on the lamellar tissues. Insulin is structurally related to insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and can bind the IGF-1 receptor, albeit at a lower affinity than IGF-1.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed lamellar tissue sections from six normal horses, euthanised for non-research purposes, using an anti-IGF-1 receptor antibody. In further studies, lamellar epithelial cells were obtained by collagenase digestion from the hooves of 18 normal horses, also euthanised for non-research purposes, and incubated for 48 h in the presence of insulin (0–2,000 m IU/ml). The increase in cell numbers was determined using a cell proliferation assay, and compared to the effect of zero insulin using one-way ANOVA.

Results

Immunohistochemistry demonstrated IGF-1 receptors on lamellar epidermal epithelial cells. With cultured cells, insulin caused a concentration-dependent increase in cell proliferation compared to untreated cells (maximal effect 63.3 ± 12.8% more cells after 48 h with 1,000 m IU/ml insulin;P< 0.01). Co-incubation with a blocking antibody against the IGF-1 receptor significantly inhibited the proliferative effect of insulin (P< 0.01).

Discussion

These results demonstrate that IGF-1 receptors are present on lamellar epithelial cells. At high physiological concentrations, insulin may activate these cells, by a mechanism involving IGF-1 receptors, resulting in a proliferative effect. This mechanism could help to explain the link between hyperinsulinemia and laminitis.
Evento formativo em Dança numa postura colaborativa: 1ª semana acadêmica do curso de licenciatura em Dança da FURB
Authors: Souza Marco Aurelio Cruz
Published: November 2018

Com este artigo busca-se refletir sobre a necessidade de conduzir momentos de discussão sobre os eventos formativos em dança/arte na Universidade Regional de Blumenau, com base em uma postura colaborativa, uma vez que o curso de Dança não tem centro acadêmico. Após o sucesso de sua primeira edição, este evento apresenta-se hoje entre os professores e acadêmicos como um movimento consolidado para acontecer nos primeiros semestres de cada ano letivo, e desta forma apresenta-se aqui os principais momentos e sua relação com a comunidade interna e externa da FURB.
ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ТЕТА-РИТМА ЭЭГ И ВРЕМЯ ПЕРЕКЛЮЧЕНИЯ ВНИМАНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЭКЗОГЕННЫХ ПОМЕХ, "Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова"
Authors: Коробейникова И.И. , Каратыгин Н.А. , Бирюкова Е.В. , Венерина Я. А.
Published: November 2018

У испытуемых (n = 43; мужчины 19-21 года) исследовали пространственные характеристики тета-активности и результативность когнитивной деятельности с переключением внимания, которая моделировалась при помощи компьютеризованного теста Горбова-Шульте (красно-черные таблицы) в условиях голосовой помехи. По изменению результативности деятельности в условиях слуховых помех выделены группы устойчивых к помехам (n = 17) и неустойчивых к помехам (n = 18) испытуемых. Анализ когерентных взаимоотношений тета-потенциалов ЭЭГ на разных этапах обследования выявил определенную топографическую сеть функциональных связей по тета-ритму, объединяющую височные, центральные и фронтальные зоны коры головного мозга с локализацией фокуса этих связей в левой височной области. В исходном состоянии у помехоустойчивых испытуемых в отличие от помехонеустойчивых уровень функционального взаимодействия на основе тета-потенциалов между входящими в эту сеть областями был значимо ниже. При выполнении тестов у устойчивых к помехам испытуемых в отличие от помехонеустойчивых наблюдалось значимое увеличение кооперации в тета-полосе между областями коры в пределах выявленной топографической сети. Обсуждается роль тета-ритма в функциональном объединении структур мозга при выполнении когнитивной деятельности с переключением внимания.
‘Ava’: a Beaker-associated woman from a cist at Achavanich, Highland, and the story of her (re-)discovery and subsequent study
Authors: Hoole Maya , Sheridan Alison , Boyle Angela , Booth Thomas , Brace Selina , Diekmann Yoan , Olalde Iñigo , Thomas Mark G , Barnes Ian , Evans Jane , Chenery Carolyn , Sloane Hilary , Morrison Hew , Fraser Sheena , Timpany Scott , Hamilton Derek
Published: November 2018

This contribution describes the discovery and subsequent investigation of a cist in a rock-cut pit at Achavanich, Highland. Discovered and excavated in 1987, the cist was found to contain the tightly contracted skeletal remains of a young woman, accompanied by a Beaker, three flint artefacts and a cattle scapula. Initial post excavation work established a date for the skeleton together with details of her age and sex, and preliminary pollen analysis of sediments attaching to the Beaker was undertaken. The findings were never fully published and, upon the death of the excavator, Robert Gourlay, the documentary archive was left in the Highland Council Archaeology Unit. Fresh research in 2014–17, initiated and co-ordinated by the first-named author and funded by the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland with assistance from National Museums Scotland, the Natural History Museum and Harvard Medical School, has produced a significant amount of new information on the individual and on some of the items with which she was buried. This new information includes two further radiocarbon dates, a more detailed osteological report, isotopic information pertaining to the place where she had been raised and to her diet, histological information on the decomposition of her body, and genetic information that sheds light on her ancestry, her hair, eye and skin colour and her intolerance of lactose. (This is the first time that an ancient DNA report has been published in the Proceedings.) Moreover, a facial reconstruction adds virtual flesh to her bones. The significance of this discovery within the Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age of this part of Scotland is discussed, along with the many and innovative ways in which information on this individual, dubbed ‘Ava’, has been disseminated around the world.
Novel functions of peroxiredoxin Q fromDeinococcus radioduransR1 as a peroxidase and a molecular chaperone
Authors: Cho Chuloh , Lee Gun Woong , Hong Sung H. , Kaur Shubhpreet , Jung Kwang‐Woo , Jung Jong‐Hyun , Lim Sangyong , Chung Byung Yeoup , Lee Seung Sik
Published: November 2018

Deinococcus radioduransR1 is extremely resistant to ionizing radiation and oxidative stress. In this study, we characterized DR0846, a candidate peroxiredoxin inD. radiodurans. DR0846 is a peroxiredoxin Q containing two conserved cysteine residues. DR0846 exists mainly in monomeric form with an intramolecular disulfide bond between the two cysteine residues. We found that DR0846 functions as a molecular chaperone as well as a peroxidase. A mutational analysis indicates that the two cysteine residues are essential for enzymatic activity. A double‐deletion mutant lackingDR0846and catalaseDR1998exhibits decreased oxidative and heat shock stress tolerance with respect to the single mutants or the wild‐type cells. These results suggest that DR0846 contributes to resistance against oxidative and heat stresses inD. radiodurans.
Fault diagnosis of rotating machinery using Gaussian process and EEMD‐treelet
Authors: Wu Edmond Qi , Wang Jin , Peng Xian‐Yong , Zhang Peidong , Law Rob , Chen Xi , Lin Jin‐xing
Published: November 2018

Fault detection of rotating machinery is very important for its performance degradation assessment. In this work, an effective feature learning and detecting method based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and Gaussian process classifier (GPC) is put forward. Compared with the traditional parameter optimization methods of GPC, this work proposed a bacterial foraging optimization as the optimal solution of the hyperparameters of GP model. To find a valid feature vector, this work also utilized EEMD to decompose the vibration signals and get some time‐frequency features. Then, treelet transform is proposed to reduce the feature dimension. The results of some applications indicate that the EEMD has stronger processing capability of the status signals of rotating machinery. Treelet can transform the high‐dimensional vector to low‐dimensional space, which is used as the input of the proposed BFO‐GP model. The proposed diagnosis method can identify not only the optimal feature vector but also the fault locations.
Defect‐Induced Pt–Co–Se Coordinated Sites with Highly Asymmetrical Electronic Distribution for Boosting Oxygen‐Involving Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhuang Linzhou , Jia Yi , Liu Hongli , Wang Xin , Hocking Rosalie K. , Liu Hongwei , Chen Jun , Ge Lei , Zhang Longzhou , Li Mengran , Dong Chung‐Li , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Shen Shaohua , Yang Dongjiang , Zhu Zhonghua , Yao Xiangdong
Published: November 2018

Rational design and synthesis of hetero‐coordinated moieties at the atomic scale can significantly raise the performance of the catalyst and obtain mechanistic insight into the oxygen‐involving electrocatalysis. Here, a facile plasma‐photochemical strategy is applied to construct atomically coordinated Pt–Co–Se moieties in defective CoSe2 (CoSe2−x) through filling the plasma‐created Se vacancies in CoSe2−x with single Pt atomic species (CoSe2−x‐Pt) under ultraviolet irradiation. The filling of single Pt can remarkably enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of CoSe2. Optimal OER specific activity is achieved with a Pt content of 2.25 wt% in CoSe2−x‐Pt, exceeding that of CoSe2−x by a factor of 9. CoSe2−x‐Pt shows much better OER performance than CoSe2−x filled with single Ni and even Ru atomic species (CoSe2−x‐Ni and CoSe2−x‐Ru). Noticeably, it is general that Pt is not a good OER catalyst but Ru is; thus the design of active sites for electrocatalysis at an atomic level should follow a different intrinsic mechanism. Mechanism studies unravel that the single Pt can induce much higher electronic distribution asymmetry degree than both single Ni and Ru, and benefit the interaction between the Co sites and adsorbates (OH*, O*, and OOH*) during the OER process, leading to a better OER activity.
Multimaterial Microfluidic 3D Printing of Textured Composites with Liquid Inclusions
Authors: Li Xiying , Zhang Jia Ming , Yi Xin , Huang Zhongyi , Lv Pengyu , Duan Huiling
Published: November 2018

3D printing with a high degree of spatial and compositional precision could open new avenues to the design and fabrication of functional composites. By combining the direct ink writing and microfluidics, a multimaterial 3D printing system for fabricating textured composites with liquid inclusions of programmable spatial distribution and compositions is reported here. Phase diagrams for the rational selection of desired printing parameters are determined through a combination of simple theoretical analysis and experimental studies. 1D, 2D, and 3D structures programmed with desired inclusion patterns and compositions are fabricated. Moreover, the versatility of this 3D printing framework in fabricating layered composite beams of tunable thermal property and self‐healing materials is demonstrated. The proposed multimaterial microfluidic 3D printing framework could be broadly applicable for structural composites and soft robotic devices.
Alterations of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M levels in the breast milk of mothers with exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers with non‐exclusive breastfeeding during 6 months postpartum: The Jordanian cohort study
Authors: Abuidhail Jamila , Al‐Shudiefat Abd Al‐Rahman , Darwish Mona
Published: November 2018

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to measure changes in the concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the mature breast milk of Jordanian mothers during the first 6 months after giving birth between exclusively breastfeeding (EBF) mothers and non‐exclusively breastfeeding (non‐EBF) mothers.

Methods

A longitudinal follow‐up design was used to measure changes in the concentration of IgG and IgM in the mothers' mature milk during the first 6 months after giving birth. Sixty‐nine lactating mothers were recruited in this study. Breast milk samples were collected by mothers themselves in the first, fourth, and sixth months of lactation to measure IgG and IgM concentrations using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.

Results

There was a significant difference in IgG and IgM concentrations between EBF and non‐EBF mothers. IgG was higher in the EBF mothers' milk than in the milk of non‐EBF mothers, whereas IgM was not affected by the type of baby feeding.

Conclusion

The concentration of immunoglobulins changes in human breast milk along with breastfeeding intervals. EBF enhances the concentration of IgG in breast milk compared to non‐EBF.
Sex‐ and age‐based differences in mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic on the island of Newfoundland
Authors: Paskoff Taylor , Sattenspiel Lisa
Published: November 2018

Objectives

Our aim was to understand sex‐ and age‐based differences in mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic on the island of Newfoundland. The pandemic's impact on different age groups has been the focus of other research, but sex‐based differences in mortality are rarely considered. Aspects of social organization, labor patterns, and social behaviors that contribute to mortality between males and females at all ages are used to explain observed mortality patterns.

Methods

Recorded pneumonia and influenza deaths on the island (n = 1871) were used to calculate cause‐specific death rates and to evaluate differences in sex‐based mortality. Mortality levels in 17 districts and four regions (Avalon, North, South, and West) were compared using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). A logistic regression model was fit to determine in which regions sex‐based mortality could be predicted using age and region as interactive predictors.

Results

Differences in sex‐based mortality varied across regions; they were not significant for the aggregate population. SMRs were also variable, with no significant sex‐based differences. Sex‐based differences were highly variable within regions. Results from a logistic regression analysis suggest that females in the South region may have experienced a higher probability of death than other island residents.

Conclusions

Mortality analysis for aggregate populations homogenizes important epidemiologic patterns. Men and women did not experience the 1918 influenza pandemic in the same way, and by analyzing data at the regional and district geographic levels, patterns emerge that can be explained by the economies and social organization of the people who lived there.
GWAS and network analysis of co‐occurring nicotine and alcohol dependence identifies significantly associated alleles and network
Authors: Xiang Bo , Yang Bao‐Zhu , Zhou Hang , Kranzler Henry , Gelernter Joel
Published: November 2018

Alcohol dependence (AD) and nicotine dependence (ND) co‐occur frequently (AD+ND). We integrated SNP‐based, gene‐based, and protein–protein interaction network analyses to identify shared risk genes or gene subnetworks for AD+ND in African Americans (AAs, N = 2,094) and European Americans (EAs, N = 1,207). The DSM‐IV criterion counts for AD and ND were modeled as two dependent variables in a multivariate linear mixed model, and analyzed separately for the two populations. The most significant SNP was rs6579845 in EAs (p < 1.29 × 10−8) in GM2A, which encodes GM2 ganglioside activator, and is a cis‐expression quantitative locus that affects GM2A expression in blood and brain tissues. However, this SNP was not replicated in our another small sample (N = 678). We identified a subnetwork of 24 genes that contributed to the AD+ND criterion counts. In the gene‐set analysis for the subnetwork in an independent sample, the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment project (predominately EAs), these 24 genes as a set differed in AD+ND versus control subjects in EAs (p = .041). Functional enrichment analysis for this subnetwork revealed that the gene enrichment involved primarily nerve growth factor pathways, and cocaine and amphetamine addiction. In conclusion, we identified a genome‐wide significant variant at GM2A and a gene subnetwork underlying the genetic trait of shared AD+ND. These results increase our understanding of the shared (pleiotropic) genetic risk that underlies AD+ND.
Carbon Vacancies in a Melon Polymeric Matrix Promote Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Conversion
Authors: Yang Pengju , Zhuzhang Hangyu , Wang Ruirui , Lin Wei , Wang Xinchen
Published: November 2018

Photosynthetic conversion of CO2 into fuel and chemicals is a promising but challenging technology. The bottleneck of this reaction lies in the activation of CO2, owing to the chemical inertness of linear CO2. Herein, we present a defect‐engineering methodology to construct CO2 activation sites by implanting carbon vacancies (CVs) in the melon polymer (MP) matrix. Positron annihilation spectroscopy confirmed the location and density of the CVs in the MP skeleton. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and a DFT study revealed that the CVs can function as active sites for CO2 activation while stabilizing COOH* intermediates, thereby boosting the reaction kinetics. As a result, the modified MP‐TAP‐CVs displayed a 45‐fold improvement in CO2‐to‐CO activity over the pristine MP. The apparent quantum efficiency of the MP‐TAP‐CVs was 4.8 % at 420 nm. This study sheds new light on the design of high‐efficiency polymer semiconductors for CO2 conversion.
Accessing Remote meta‐ and para‐C(sp2)−H Bonds with Covalently Attached Directing Groups
Authors: Dey Aniruddha , Sinha Soumya Kumar , Achar Tapas Kumar , Maiti Debabrata
Published: November 2018

Directing group assisted ortho‐C−H activation has been known for the last few decades. In contrast, extending the same approach to achieve activation of the distal meta‐ and para‐C−H bonds in aromatic molecules remained elusive for a long time. The main challenge is the conception of a macrocyclic transition state, which is needed to anchor the metal catalyst close to the target bond. Judicious modification of the chain length, the tether linkage, and the nature of the catalyst‐coordinating donor atom has led to a number of successful studies in the last few years. This Review compiles the significant achievements made in this field of both meta‐ and para‐selectivity using covalently attached directing groups, which are systematically classified on the basis of their mode of covalent attachment to the substrate as well as their chemical nature. This Review aims to create a more heuristic approach for recognizing the suitability of the directing groups for use in future organic transformations.
Robust Adaptive Fractional‐Order Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Lower‐Limb Exoskeleton
Authors: Ahmed Saim , Wang Haoping , Tian Yang
Published: November 2018

This paper introduces a robust adaptive fractional‐order non‐singular fast terminal sliding mode control (RFO‐TSM) for a lower‐limb exoskeleton system subject to unknown external disturbances and uncertainties. The referred RFO‐TSM is developed in consideration of the advantages of fractional‐order and non‐singular fast terminal sliding mode control (FONTSM): fractional‐order is used to obtain good tracking performance, while the non‐singular fast TSM is employed to achieve fast finite‐time convergence, non‐singularity and reducing chattering phenomenon in control input. In particular, an adaptive scheme is formulated with FONTSM to deal with uncertain dynamics of exoskeleton under unknown external disturbances, which makes the system robust. Moreover, an asymptotical stability analysis of the closed‐loop system is validated by Lyapunov proposition, which guarantees the sliding condition. Lastly, the efficacy of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulations in comparison with advanced and classical methods.
Trust: Built in Seconds, Lasts for Years
Authors: Goetz Melanie K.
Published: November 2018

“The best way to find out if you can trust somebody is to trust them.”

—Ernest Hemingway

“Establishing trust with the one establishes trust with the many.”

—Stephen Covey
Curcumin supplementation increases survival and lifespan in Drosophila under heat stress conditions
Authors: Chen Yong , Liu Xin , Jiang Chenmin , Liu Liang , Ordovas Jose M. , Lai Chao‐Qiang , Shen Lirong
Published: November 2018

Harsh climate induces physiological stress thus compromising organismal survival. Our previous studies demonstrated that curcumin (CUR) supplementation increased survival of turtle under heat stress (HS). Here, we span this work to investigate the survival and lifespan of HS Drosophila fed a diet supplemented with CUR. For this purpose, female and male flies were fed basal diet (N) and CUR diet (0.2 mg/g), and exposed to three conditions: 25°C and 29°C continuously, and 34 °C for 2 h at days 1, 4, and 7, then kept at 25 °C. Lifespan analysis showed that, compared to N‐25 °C flies, the mean lifespans of N‐29 °C and N‐34 °C flies were decreased significantly by 8.5–15.7% in males, and 3.7–7.9% in females. Conversely, in the CUR‐supplemented diet, mean lifespans of C‐29 °C and C‐34 °C flies were significantly extended by 8.7–16.4% in males, and by 8.9–12.8% in females, compared to that of temperature‐matched flies fed basal diets. The MDA levels of C‐34 °C flies were significantly lower than those of N‐34 °C flies, indicating CUR reduced oxidative stress caused by HS. Furthermore, CUR palliated the increased oxidative stress caused by HS, by increasing the expression of SOD1, CAT, and PHGPx and decreasing the expression of Hsp70 and Hsp83. Our results indicated that CUR supplementation increases the survival rate of Drosophila by enhancing thermal tolerance. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(6):577–587, 2018
Rhein reverses doxorubicin resistance in SMMC‐7721 liver cancer cells by inhibiting energy metabolism and inducing mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening
Authors: Wu Li , Cao Kexin , Ni Zihui , Wang Shaodong , Li Weidong , Liu Xiao , Chen Zhipeng
Published: November 2018

Rhein, a monomeric anthraquinone obtained from the plant herb species Polygonum multiflorum and P. cuspidatum, has been proposed to have anticancer activity. This activity has been suggested to be associated with mitochondrial injury due to the induction of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. In this study, the effects of 5–80 μM rhein on cell viability, half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 value), resistance index, and apoptosis were assessed in the liver cancer cell lines SMMC‐7721 and SMMC‐7721/DOX (doxorubicin‐resistant cells). Rhein (10–80 μM) significantly reduced the viability of both cell lines; 20 μM rhein significantly increased sensitivity to DOX and increased apoptosis in SMMC‐7721 cells, but reversed resistance to DOX by 7.24‐fold in SMMC‐7721/DOX cells. Treatment with rhein increased accumulation of DOX in SMMC‐7721/DOX cells, inhibited mitochondrial energy metabolism, decreased cellular ATP, and ADP levels, and altered the ratio of ATP to ADP. These effects may result from the binding of rhein with voltage‐dependent ion channels (VDACs), adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), and cyclophilin D, affecting their function and leading to the inhibition of ATP transport by VDACs and ANT. ATP synthesis was greatly reduced and mitochondrial inner membrane potential decreased. Together, these results indicate that rhein could reverse drug resistance in SMMC‐7721/DOX cells by inhibiting energy metabolism and inducing mPTP opening. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(1):85–96, 2019
Microsomal pre‐receptor cortisol production is inhibited by resveratrol and epigallocatechin gallate through different mechanisms
Authors: Szelényi Péter , Somogyi Anna , Sarnyai Farkas , Zámbó Veronika , Simon‐Szabó Laura , Kereszturi Éva , Csala Miklós
Published: November 2018

Local activation of cortisol in hormone target tissues is a major determinant of glucocorticoid effect. Disorders in this peripheral cortisol metabolism play an important role in the development of metabolic diseases, such as obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hence, dietary factors influencing the activity of the involved enzymes can have major impacts on the risk of the above diseases. Resveratrol and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), two natural polyphenols found in several nutriments and in green tea, respectively, are well‐known for their antiobesity and antidiabetic activities. EGCG has been shown to interfere with microsomal cortisol production through decreasing the luminal NADPH:NADP+ ratio. The aim of this study was to clarify if resveratrol also induces such a redox shift or causes any direct enzyme inhibition that influences local cortisol production. Cortisone–cortisol conversions and changes in NADPH levels were monitored in rat liver microsomal vesicles. Cortisol production was inhibited by resveratrol in a concentration dependent manner while the intrinsic reducing and oxidizing capacity as well as the NADPH level inside the ER‐derived vesicles remained unaffected. Activity measurements performed in permeabilized microsomes confirmed that resveratrol, unlike EGCG, inhibits 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 directly. Long‐term moderation of pre‐receptor cortisol production likely contributes to the beneficial health effects of both polyphenols. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):236–243, 2019