bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Delirium in the Elderly: A Narrative Systematic Review of Reviews
Authors: Deblois Simon , Bergeron Nicolas , Vu Thien Tuong Minh , Paquin-Lanthier Gabriel , Nauche Bénédicte , Pomp Alfons
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication after major surgeries, posing significant challenges to patient recovery and outcomes, particularly among the elderly. A narrative systematic review was conducted to assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of interventions aimed at preventing and treating POD.

Methods:

A review of the literature from 2017 to September 29, 2023, was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. Systematic reviews, with or without meta-analyses, as well as practice guidelines, were included. Participants were adults, ≥60 years. The methodological quality of included reviews was appraised using AMSTAR 2.

Results:

After the search strategy identified 2295 references, 36 review studies were selected. Multicomponent interventions, incorporating both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches, demonstrate promise, particularly in hip fracture patients. Notably, dexmedetomidine emerges as a potential preventive measure, showing a notable reduction in delirium incidence following cardiac surgery. While several pharmacological interventions show potential, evidence remains inconclusive, necessitating further investigation. Similarly, varying anesthesia type and monitoring methods has mixed outcomes on delirium prevention. Despite methodological variations and quality appraisal limitations, this review underscores the importance of multicomponent interventions and the potential efficacy of dexmedetomidine in mitigating POD. Integration of evidence-based protocols into clinical practice is advocated to improve patient outcomes. However, the complex interplay between intervention components calls for further research to optimize delirium management strategies.

Conclusions:

The strength of evidence associated with multicomponent interventions and dexmedetomidine use should require a genuine commitment from health care institutions to support their integration into efficient strategies to prevent and treat POD. Ongoing research is vital to uncover their full potential and refine clinical protocols, ultimately enhancing patient care outcomes.
Factors Predicting Major Complications and Mortality in Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: 8 Years of Experience of a Tertiary Surgery Center
Authors: Yildirim Murat , Kocabay Asim , Koca Bulent , Saglam Ali Ihsan , Ozkan Namik
Published: February 2025

Background:

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a safe method of choice for patients who need long-term nutritional support. However, complications and high mortality rates have been reported. Based on 8 years of experience in tertiary care hospitals, we aimed to identify risk factors associated with major complications and 30-day mortality after PEG.

Methods:

Patients who underwent PEG in the General Surgery clinic of Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Medicine between January 2014 and March 2022 were included in the study. Data regarding patient demographics, comorbidities, laboratory data, drugs used together, and indications for PEG tube placement were collected.

Results:

There were 429 patients. The mean age of the patients was 66.9±16.75 years, and 180 (44%) patients were female. The mean follow-up period was 8.84±6.75 months. Twenty patients (4.9%) had major complications. Female sex [Odds Ratio (OR) 0.33, 95% CI, CI=1.23-8.87, P=0.02] and diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR=0.23, 95% CI=1.93-6, P=0.002) were the independent variables associated with major complications. The all-cause 30-day mortality rate was 5.9% (n=24). Malignancy, DM, corticosteroid use, low albumin, and platelet values were associated with increased mortality in multivariate analysis as indications for PEG.

Conclusions:

Female sex and patients with DM may potentially face major complications. The patients with cancer, diabetes, and corticosteroid use were associated with higher mortality. In addition, low serum albumin and platelet levels were an effective factor for survival in patients undergoing PEG, and this should be taken into account in decision-making.
Exploring glycolytic enzymes in disease: potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in neurodegeneration, cancer and parasitic infections
Authors: Rojas-Pirela Maura , Andrade-Alviárez Diego , Rojas Verónica , Marcos Miguel , Salete-Granado Daniel , Chacón-Arnaude Marirene , Pérez-Nieto María Á. , Kemmerling Ulrike , Concepción Juan Luis , Michels Paul A. M. , Quiñones Wilfredo
Published: February 2025

Glycolysis, present in most organisms, is evolutionarily one of the oldest metabolic pathways. It has great relevance at a physiological level because it is responsible for generating ATP in the cell through the conversion of glucose into pyruvate and reducing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) (that may be fed into the electron chain in the mitochondria to produce additional ATP by oxidative phosphorylation), as well as for producing intermediates that can serve as substrates for other metabolic processes. Glycolysis takes place through 10 consecutive chemical reactions, each of which is catalysed by a specific enzyme. Although energy transduction by glucose metabolism is the main function of this pathway, involvement in virulence, growth, pathogen–host interactions, immunomodulation and adaptation to environmental conditions are other functions attributed to this metabolic pathway. In humans, where glycolysis occurs mainly in the cytosol, the mislocalization of some glycolytic enzymes in various other subcellular locations, as well as alterations in their expression and regulation, has been associated with the development and progression of various diseases. In this review, we describe the role of glycolytic enzymes in the pathogenesis of diseases of clinical interest. In addition, the potential role of these enzymes as targets for drug development and their potential for use as diagnostic and prognostic markers of some pathologies are also discussed.
Non-modal linear stability analysis of reactive front A+B→C for infinitely fast chemical reactions
Authors: Verma Priya , Hota Tapan Kumar , Mishra Manoranjan
Published: February 2025

A theoretical analysis of viscous fingering instability for a reactive system

A
+

B
→

C

with an infinitely fast reaction in a porous medium for a rectilinear flow is presented. By contrast to the traditional quasi-steady-state analysis (QSSA), a non-modal analysis (NMA) based on the fundamental matrix formulation is employed to study the reactive displacement, considering reactants and products with mismatched viscosities. This study investigates the transient growth of perturbations by analysing the singular values and singular vectors to address the optimal energy amplification. We illustrate that an increase in the viscosity contrast,

|

R
b

−

R
c

|

, resulting from a chemical reaction for a given endpoint viscosity contrast

R
b

, leads to a more unstable system. However, there exist some reactions when

R
c

>

R
b

, the onset delays than the equivalent non-reactive case,

R
c

=

R
b

. It suggests that the stability of the flow is primarily influenced when instability develops downstream within the flow. Furthermore,

R
b

is found to significantly affect the spatio-temporal evolution of perturbations and the underlying physical mechanism. It is demonstrated that the QSSA is inadequate to address the transient growth, and NMA is the most suitable approach to studying the underlying physical mechanism of instability. Furthermore, NMA results align more consistently with non-linear simulations compared with QSSA.
Interacting fermion–antifermion pairs via Cornell-type coupling in magnetized space–time with a cosmological constant
Authors: Guvendi Abdullah , Abdelmalek Bouzenada , Ahmed Faizuddin
Published: February 2025

In this study, we aim to investigate the interaction dynamics of a fermion–antifermion (

f

f

) pair within a curved three-dimensional space–time with a non-zero cosmological constant (

Λ

>

0

). Our primary goal is to understand the relative motion of this pair by deriving a radial equation set and finding analytical solutions using the covariant many-body Dirac equation. We begin by formulating the relevant equation, which leads to a

4
×

4

matrix equation governing the motion of the pair. We present a non-perturbative second-order wave equation for the quantum system and demonstrate that it can be solved under the assumption that

Λ

is small. This assumption allows us to derive analytical solutions using well-known special functions. Accordingly, we explore the impact of the space–time background on the dynamics of the coupled pairs.
Comprehensive Molecular Docking on the AlphaFold-Predicted Protein Structure Proteome: Identifying Target Protein Candidates for Puberulic Acid, a Suspected Lethal Nephrotoxin
Authors: Hayama Teppei , Sugawara Rin , Kamata Ryo , Sekijima Masakazu , Takeda Kazuki
Published: February 2025

This study presents a novelin silicoscreening method for identifying potential protein-ligand interactions within the complete structural proteome, as predicted by AlphaFold2, using puberulic acid as a test case. The methodology utilizes molecular docking simulations to predict interactions based on structural compatibility and binding affinity estimations. This approach highlights proteins, such as sodium/myo-inositol cotransporters, which exhibit theoretical high affinity for puberulic acid, suggesting possible competitive inhibition or mimetic interactions that could disrupt osmoregulation. It is important to clarify that these simulations provide a hypothetical framework for understanding potential interactions. The high docking scores do not directly translate to biological effects but serve as a basis for further experimental validation. This cautious interpretation acknowledges the inherent limitations of predictive modeling while maintaining confidence in the robustness of the computational process. Moreover, the exploratory nature of this study is supported by the fact that binding affinity predictions are not influenced by protein amino acid length or the predictive accuracy (pLDDT scores) provided by AlphaFold2. This independence from structural prediction metrics suggests that the docking results offer a reliable exploration of potential interactions across a wide array of proteins, making this approach a valuable asset in the fields of drug discovery and toxicological research. The ability to comprehensively identify candidate proteins with potential affinity to chemical compounds enhances the predictive capacity of toxicological assessments and supports the strategic development of safer pharmaceutical agents.
Lessons learned from applying eDNA surveying to diadromous fish detection across the north-east Atlantic region
Authors: Bhendarkar Mukesh , Claver Cristina , Mendibil Iñaki , Fraija-Fernández Natalia , Nachón David J. , Davison Phil I. , Bašić Tea , O’Leary Ciara , Roche William K , Azpiroz Iker , Acolas Marie-Laure , Lekuona Aitor , Ardaiz José , Diaz Estibaliz , Lambert Patrick , Lassalle Geraldine , Rodriguez-Ezpeleta Naiara
Published: February 2025

Regular monitoring of diadromous fishes is critical to inform their management and conservation. Yet, thein-situdata collection these species is challenging due to their complex life cycle and low abundance. Focusing on the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus, Petromyzontidae) and the European shads (Alosa alosaandA. fallax, Clupeidae), emblematic diadromous fishes in the Northeast Atlantic region, this study leverages the use of water environmental DNA (eDNA) samples to monitor their distribution range. For that aim, we developed quantitative PCR (qPCR) and digital PCR (dPCR) assays and applied them to detect sea lamprey and European shad DNA in a network of 44 river basins across Spain, France, Ireland, and the UK. We found that qPCR efficiently detected presence/absence of shads, while the higher sensitivity of dPCR was essential for detecting the lower abundant and partly sessile behaving sea lamprey in the amount of water collected. Moreover, sea lamprey showed significantly lower eDNA copies per litre of water compared to shads, probably due to their larvae spending several years burrowed within soft sediments, reducing eDNA shedding into the water column. The integration of historical datasets with this snapshot wide-ranging study enhances our understanding of the distribution of sea lamprey and European shad in Atlantic rivers. Importantly, the lessons learned within this international collaboration are critical towards a prevailing framework for conservation of migratory fishes, highlighting the need of well-designed sampling strategies coupled with species-specific assays applied to eDNA samples to bust long-term monitoring efforts of diadromous species.
Advancements in Vaccine Development : A comprehensive design of a Multi-Epitopic Immunodominant Peptide Vaccine Targeting Kyasanur Forest Disease via Reverse Vaccinology
Authors: Pillai Sarika Baburajan , Jeyachandran Akshay , Pariyapurath Naseera Kannanthodi , Jagadibabu Sumitha , Rajaiah Paramasivan , Channappa Shivanandappa Kukkaler , Pachamuthu Rahul Gandhi , Premkumar Ananda Arona , Jagannathan Selvaraj
Published: February 2025

Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), caused by the Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus (KFDV), is a tick-borne hemorrhagic fever virus first identified in Karnataka, South India, in 1957. The rising incidence of cases is alarming, particularly due to the potential spread of the disease to neighboring states. There presently exists no particular treatment, and the Chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) vaccine only provides temporary immunity and necessitates many doses, which results in poor immunisation rates among at-risk groups. This situation highlights the urgent need for a highly effective and user-friendly vaccine. Given that KFDV is classified as a BSL-4 pathogen, this study employs advanced immuno-informatics tools to design a safer vaccine construct. Promising results have identified the E protein of KFDV as an immunodominant target that can stimulate robust immune responses, including the production of neutralizing antibodies.

The vaccine design utilized variousin silicotools to predict CTL, HTL and B-cell epitopes from the E protein, ensuring powerful immunological reactions. Quality attributes such as antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and immunogenicity were assessed using specialized tools. A total of 16 epitopes (5 CTL, 3 HTL, and 8 B-cell) were identified, all exhibiting desirable properties like non-toxicity, non-allergenicity, high antigenic and immunogenic value. These epitopes were linked to form the PKFDVac-I vaccine, consisting of 279 amino acids with a MW of 29,162.32 Daltons. The constructed vaccine demonstrated stability and a robust immune response when docked with the TLR-4 receptor, indicating strong immunogenic potential. This multi-epitope peptide vaccine candidate developed via user-friendly and safer bio-informative tools represents a significant advancement in effective immunization strategies against KFDV infection, paving the way for future vaccine development efforts targeting other emerging infectious diseases. In conclusion, the integration of diverse epitopes into a cohesive vaccine prototype demonstrates a promising avenue for custom synthesis and application in immunization strategies. Further validation throughin vitroandin vivostudies is essential to authorize the effectiveness of the designed vaccine construct.
Anti-Parasitics with a Triple Threat: Targeting Parasite Enzymes, the Proton Motive Force, and Host Cell-Mediated Killing
Authors: Pandey Akanksha M. , Malwal Satish R. , Valladares-Delgado Mariana , Labrador-Fagúndez Liesangerli , Stella Bruno G. , Díaz-Pérez Luis José , Rey-Cibati André , Singh Davinder , Stampolaki Marianna , Hong Sangjin , Gennis Robert B. , Kolocouris Antonios , Benaim Gustavo , Oldfield Eric
Published: February 2025

We investigated the effects of the tuberculosis drug candidate SQ109 (8a) and of its analog MeSQ109 (8b) againstLeishmania mexicanain promastigote and amastigote forms, as well as against host cell macrophages finding potent activity (1.7 nM) for MeSQ109 against the intracellular forms, as well as low toxicity (∼61 µM) to host cells, resulting in a selectivity index of ∼36,000. We then investigated the mechanism of action of MeSQ109 finding that it targeted parasite mitochondria, collapsing the proton motive force, as well as targeting acidocalcisomes, rapidly increasing the intracellular Ca2+concentration. Using anE. coliinverted membrane vesicle assay, we investigated the pH gradient collapse for SQ109 and 17 analogs finding that there was a significant correlation (on average R=0.67, p∼0.008) between pH gradient collapse and cell growth inhibition inTrypanosoma brucei, T. cruzi, L. donovaniandPlasmodium falciparum. We also investigated pH gradient collapse with other anti-leishmanial agents: azoles, antimonials, benzofurans, amphotericin B and miltefosine. The enhanced activity against intracellular trypanosomatids is seen withLeishmaniaspp. grown in macrophages but not withTrypanosoma cruziin epithelial cells and is proposed to be due in part to host-based killing, based on the recent observation that SQ109 is known to convert macrophages to a pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype.
Targeted ubiquitination of NaV1.8 reduces sensory neuronal excitability
Authors: Tyagi Sidharth , Ghovanloo Mohammad-Reza , Alsaloum Matthew , Effraim Philip , Higerd-Rusli Grant P. , Dib-Hajj Fadia , Zhao Peng , Liu Shujun , Waxman Stephen G. , Dib-Hajj Sulayman D.
Published: February 2025

Chronic pain and addiction are a significant global health challenge. Voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.8, a pivotal driver of pain signaling, is a clinically validated target for the development of novel, non-addictive pain therapeutics. Small molecule inhibitors against NaV1.8 have shown promise in acute pain indications, but large clinical effect sizes have not yet been demonstrated and efficacy in chronic pain indications are lacking.

An alternative strategy to target NaV1.8 channels for analgesia is to reduce the number of channels that are present on nociceptor membranes. We generated a therapeutic heterobifunctional protein, named UbiquiNaV, that contains a NaV1.8-selective binding module and the catalytic subunit of the NEDD4 E3 Ubiquitin ligase. We show that UbiquiNav significantly reduces channel expression in the plasma membrane and reduces NaV1.8 currents in rodent sensory neurons. We demonstrate that UbiquiNaVis selective for NaV1.8 over other NaVisoforms and other components of the sensory neuronal electrogenisome. We then show that UbiquiNaVnormalizes the distribution of NaV1.8 protein to distal axons, and that UbiquiNaVnormalizes the neuronal hyperexcitability inin vitromodels of inflammatory and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Our results serve as a blueprint for the design of therapeutics that leverage the selective ubiquitination of NaV1.8 channels for analgesia.
Hexagonal modulation of theta rhythmic attentional sampling of visual space
Authors: Kienitz Ricardo , Martini Jan , Helfrich Randolph F.
Published: February 2025

Spatial attention improves visual perception by selecting behaviorally relevant sensory signals. Traditionally, attention has been conceptualized as a static spotlight, while recent evidence posited that attention operates as a moving spotlight that samples visual space sequentially in discrete snapshots that are clocked by theta rhythms (∼3-8 Hz). While theta rhythmic attentional sampling has mainly been observed in fronto-parietal and occipital areas, theta oscillations also hallmark entorhinal-hippocampal grid-cell networks, which encode physical space in hexagonal patterns that guide overt exploration and navigation. We hypothesized that visual attention might rely on the same underlying principles and sample visual space in a hexagonal, grid-like configuration. To test this hypothesis, twenty participants performed a cue-guided attention task that probed behavioral performance as a function of space and time. Reaction times were assessed as a function of spatial location and varying cue-target intervals, which revealed prominent, spatially-structured theta rhythms. Specifically, higher theta power was evident at spatial locations that were aligned to multiples of 60°, consistent with an underlying hexagonal organization. Participants that exhibited stronger hexagonal sampling relied less on the spatial cue to guide their attentional allocation. In sum, these findings suggest that covert visual attention relies on an underlying hexagonal grid-like structure known from the entorhinal-hippocampal system and highlight that theta rhythms reflect a common organizing principle for spatial cognition.

Significance Statement

Attention prioritizes sensory inputs to optimize behavior. But how does attention sample the environment in space and time? Here, we demonstrate that attentional sampling of visual space is not uniform, but preferentially explores locations that are oriented along a hexagonal pattern, reminiscent of the spatial configuration of entorhinal-hippocampal grid cells. Moreover, covert attentional sampling was clocked by theta oscillations (3-8 Hz). In sum, these findings provide evidence for a shared neural basis of underlying spatial attention and navigation and reveal that theta rhythms orchestrate sampling behaviors in space and time as a unifying principle underlying spatial cognition.
Murine norovirus allosteric escape mutants mimic gut activation.
Authors: Sherman Michael B , Smith Hong Q , Cox Faith , Wobus Christiane E , Lynch Gillian C , Pettitt B Montgomery , Smith Thomas J
Published: February 2025

Murine norovirus (MNV) undergoes large conformational changes in response to the environment. The T=3 icosahedral capsid is composed of 180 copies of ~58 kDa VP1 that has N-terminal (N), shell (S) and C-terminal protruding (P) domains. In phosphate buffered saline, the P domains are loosely tethered to the shell and float ~15Å above the surface. At conditions found in the gut (i.e. low pH with high metal ion and bile salt concentrations) the P domain rotates and drops onto the shell with intra P domain changes that enhance receptor interactions while blocking antibody binding. Two of our monoclonal antibodies (2D3 and 4F9) have broad strain recognition and the only escape mutants, V339I and D348E, are located on the CDloop and ~20 Å from the epitope. Here we determined the cryo-EM structures of V339I and D348E at neutral pH +/- metal ions and bile salts. These allosteric escape mutants are constitutively in the activated state without the addition of metal ions or bile salts, thus explaining how they escape neutralization. Dynamic simulations of the P domain further suggest that movement of the CDloop may be the rate limiting step in the conformational change and that V339I increases the motion of the AB/EFloops compared to wt, making it easier for the virus to transition to the activated state. These findings have important implications for norovirus vaccine design since they uncover a form of the viral capsid that should lend superior immune protection against subsequent challenge by wild type virus.
The CFDE Workbench: Integrating Metadata and Processed Data from Common Fund Programs
Authors: Evangelista John Erol , Clarke Daniel J.B. , Xie Zhuorui , Olaiya Stephanie , Kim Heesu , Marino Giacomo B. , Byrd Anna , Srinivasan Shivaramakrishna , Srinivasan Sumana , Maurya Mano R. , Jenkins Sherry L. , Lutsky Andrew D. , Sasaya Lucas , Lachmann Alexander , Ahmed Nasheath , Diamant Ido , Sanchez Ethan , Ramachandran Srinivasan , Subramaniam Shankar , Ma’ayan Avi
Published: February 2025

The NIH Common Fund Data Ecosystem (CFDE) program was established to facilitate data accessibility and interoperability across multiple Common Fund (CF) programs and promote collaborations and new discoveries by combining data from different CF programs. The CFDE Data Resource Center (DRC) was tasked with developing two web-based portals: an Information Portal to serve information about the CFDE, and a Data Portal to host harmonized metadata and processed data contributed by participating CF Data Coordination Centers (DCCs) and other sources. To achieve these goals, the CFDE DRC developed the CFDE Workbench, a web-based platform that hosts highly processed data, metadata, tools, use cases, and analyses developed by the CFDE. The Crosscut Metadata Model (C2M2) and several other processed data formats are hosted by the CFDE Workbench, including set libraries (XMTs), Knowledge Graph (KG) assertions, and attribute tables. These processed data formats make information derived from CF programs more findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) and artificial intelligence (AI)-ready for cross-DCC knowledge discovery. In addition to these processed data formats, several other assets are served by the Workbench, including Extract Transform Load (ETL) pipelines, OpenAPI-documented and SmartAPI-registered Representational State Transfer (REST) Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), entity pages such as gene, drug, disease, or tissue landing pages, Playbook Workflow Builder (PWB) metanodes which are codified workflow steps involving DCC APIs, and chatbot specifications which are prompts helping chatbots to use DCC APIs to answer a wide range of user queries. Besides serving data, metadata, and code assets, the CFDE Workbench also has several tools that use these data, metadata, and code assets to enable cross-CF-program knowledge discovery use cases. Overall, the CFDE Workbench is a platform that consolidates efforts toward making CF programs funded resources harmonized, FAIR, and AI-ready. The CFDE Workbench website is available from:https://cfde.info/.
Dynamical Landauer principle: Thermodynamic criteria of transmitting classical information
Authors: Hsieh Chung-Yun
Published: February 2025

Transmitting energy and information are two essential aspects of nature. Recent findings suggest they are closely related, while a quantitative equivalence between them is still unknown. This thus motivates us to ask the following: We answer this question positively by bounding various one-shot classical capacities via different energy transmission tasks. Such bounds provide the physical implication that in the one-shot regime, transmitting n bits of classical information n×kBTln2 transmitted energy. Unexpectedly, these bounds further uncover a dynamical version of Landauer's principle, showing the strong link between (rather than ) information and energy. Finally, in the asymptotic regime, our findings further provide thermodynamic meanings for the Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland Theorem and a series of strong converse properties as well as no-go theorems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Consequences of multiple axions in theories with dark Yang-Mills groups
Authors: Ettengruber Manuel , Koutsangelas Emmanouil
Published: February 2025

General consistency requirements of quantum gravity suggest the existence of one axion per Yang-Mills group (YM) [a gauged special unitary group SU(n)]. In this work we take this requirement seriously and consider theories with dark Yang-Mills sectors and investigate general phenomenological implications of these axions. We carry out computations for two simple models, namely a pure Yang-Mills sector and N exact Standard Model (SM) copies. For the former, the misalignment mechanism results in a minimal dark confinement scale Λconf≳1  eV if the dark sector axion is supposed to make up the dark matter. For the latter, the misalignment mechanism without fine-tuning of the initial misalignment angle places an upper bound on N below the species bound. When the Peccei-Quinn symmetries are broken during inflation, the collective isocurvature fluctuations do not necessarily tighten the bound on the inflationary Hubble scale arising from a single axion. We also point out that axion stars collectively made from axions of different dark sectors with a suppressed mass spectrum are not possible. Lastly, for the two models at hand, intersector interaction through axion kinetic mixing leads to the existence of two distinct axion states. For a single dark YM sector, the upper bound Λconf≲1012  GeV emerges from the stability requirement of the dark sector axion. For N exact SM copies, the mass and photon coupling of the second state is completely determined after a potential measurement of the analogous parameters of the first axion.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Equivalence theorem at work: Manifestly gauge-invariant Abelian Higgs model physics
Authors: Boeykens Bram , Dudal David , Oosthuyse Thomas
Published: February 2025

We reconsider the equivalence theorem from an algebraic viewpoint, using an extended Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tuytin symmetry. This version of the equivalence theorem is then used to reexpress the Abelian Higgs model action, originally written in terms of undesirable gauge variant field excitations, in terms of gauge-invariant, physical variables, corresponding to the Fröhlich-Morchio-Strocchi composite operators in the original field formulation. Although the ensuing action encompasses an infinite number of vertices and appears to be nonrenormalizable from the power counting viewpoint, it nevertheless is renormalizable, thanks to the hidden equivalence with the original model. Hence, manifestly gauge-invariant computations are possible. We present an explicit illustration in terms of the gauge-invariant scalar field, its Green’s function and corresponding pole mass.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Timelike supersymmetric solutions of
D=3
,
N=4
supergravity
Authors: Deger Nihat Sadik , Deral Ceren Ayse
Published: February 2025

We study timelike supersymmetric solutions of a D=3, N=4 gauged supergravity using the Killing spinor bilinears method and prove that AdS3 is the only solution within this class. We then consider the ungauged version of this model. It is found that for this type of solution, the ungauged theory effectively truncates to a supergravity coupled to a sigma model with a two-dimensional hyperbolic target space H2, and all solutions can be expressed in terms of two arbitrary holomorphic functions. The spacetime metric is a warped product of the time direction with a two-dimensional space, and the warp factor is given in terms of the Kähler potential of H2. We show that when the holomorphic function that determines the sigma model scalar fields is not constant, the metric on the sigma model target manifold becomes part of the spacetime metric. We then look at some special choices for these holomorphic functions for which the spacetime metric and the Killing spinors are only radial dependent. We also derive supersymmetric null solutions of the ungauged model which are pp-waves on the Minkowski spacetime.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Dynamical Landauer Principle: Quantifying Information Transmission by Thermodynamics
Authors: Hsieh Chung-Yun
Published: February 2025

Energy transfer and information transmission are two fundamental aspects of nature. They are seemingly unrelated, while recent findings suggest that a deep connection between them is to be discovered. This amounts to asking: Can we phrase the processes of transmitting classical bits equivalently as specific energy-transmitting tasks, thereby uncovering foundational links between them? We answer this question positively by showing that, for a broad class of classical communication tasks, a quantum dynamics’ ability to transmit n bits of classical information is equivalent to its ability to transmit n units of energy in a thermodynamic task. This finding not only provides an analytical correspondence between information transmission and energy extraction tasks, but also quantifies classical communication by thermodynamics. Furthermore, our findings uncover the dynamical version of Landauer’s principle, showing the strong link between transmitting information and energy. In the asymptotic regime, our results further provide thermodynamic meanings for the well-known Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland theorem in quantum communication theory.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Flavor Hierarchy of Jet Energy Correlators inside the Quark-Gluon Plasma
Authors: Xing Wen-Jing , Cao Shanshan , Qin Guang-You , Wang Xin-Nian
Published: February 2025

Heavy flavor jets provide ideal tools to probe the mass effect on jet substructure in both vacuum and quark-gluon plasma. An energy-energy correlator (EEC) is an excellent jet substructure observable owning to its strong sensitivity to jet physics at different scales. We perform a complete realistic simulation on medium modification of heavy and light flavor jet EECs in heavy-ion collisions. A clear flavor hierarchy is observed for jet EECs in both vacuum and quark-gluon plasma due to the mass effect. The medium modification of inclusive jet EECs at different angular scales exhibits a very rich structure: suppression at intermediate angles, and enhancement at small and large angles, which can be well explained by the interplay of mass effect, energy loss, medium-induced radiation, and medium response. These unique features of jet EECs are shown to probe the physics of jet-medium interaction at different scales, and can be readily validated by upcoming experiments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Current-Induced Sliding Motion in a Helimagnet
MnAu2
Authors: Kimoto Yuta , Masuda Hidetoshi , Seki Takeshi , Nii Yoichi , Ohe Jun-ichiro , Nambu Yusuke , Onose Yoshinori
Published: February 2025

We found signatures of current-induced sliding motion in helimagnetic MnAu2 thin films. An abrupt change in differential resistivity occurred at a threshold bias current in the helimagnetic state, whereas it was absent in the induced ferromagnetic state. Broadband voltage noise also emerged above the threshold current in the helimagnetic state. Based on the similarity to canonical charge and spin density wave systems, we ascribed the origin of these phenomena to the sliding motion of the helimagnetic structure.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Limitations to Dynamical Error Suppression and Gate-Error Virtualization from Temporally Correlated Nonclassical Noise
Authors: Burgelman Michiel , Wonglakhon Nattaphong , Bernal-García Diego N. , Paz-Silva Gerardo A. , Viola Lorenza
Published: February 2025

Realistic multiqubit noise processes often result in error mechanisms that are not captured by the probabilistic Markovian error models commonly employed in circuit-level analyses of quantum fault tolerance. By working within an open-quantum system Hamiltonian formulation, we revisit the validity of the notion of a constant gate error in the presence of noise that is both and , and the impact of which is mitigated through perfect instantaneous dynamical decoupling subject to finite timing constraints. We study a minimal exactly solvable single-qubit model under Gaussian quantum dephasing noise, showing that the fidelity of a dynamically protected idling gate can depend strongly on its location in the circuit and the history of applied control, even when the system-side error propagation is fully removed through perfect reset operations. For digital periodic control, we prove that, under mild conditions on the low-frequency behavior of the nonclassical noise spectrum, at a value that is strictly smaller than the one attainable in the absence of control history; the presence of high-frequency noise peaks is also found as especially harmful, due to the possible onset of . We explicitly relate these features to the evolution of the bath statistics during the computation, which has not been fully accounted for in existing treatments. We find that only if decoupling can keep the qubit highly pure over a time scale larger than the correlation time of the noise, the bath approximately converges to its original statistics and a stable-in-time control performance is recovered. Our work highlights the significance of the full bath evolution between circuit locations and suggests that additional trade-offs and design constraints may arise in layered quantum fault-tolerant architectures from the need to appropriately reequilibrate the quantum bath statistics, particularly when Markovian noise is present alongside temporally correlated noise.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
An integrated framework for aspect category-based sentiment analysis using adaptive feature selection and category-aware decision fusion strategies
Authors: Li Qingqing , Zeng Ziming , Sun Shouqiang , Li Tingting
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Aspect category-based sentiment analysis (ACSA) has been widely used in consumer preference mining and marketing strategy formulation. However, existing studies ignore the variability in features and the intrinsic correlation among diverse aspect categories in ACSA tasks. To address these problems, this paper aims to propose a novel integrated framework.

Design/methodology/approach

The integrated framework consists of three modules: text feature extraction and fusion, adaptive feature selection and category-aware decision fusion. First, text features from global and local views are extracted and fused to comprehensively capture the potential information in the different dimensions of the review text. Then, an adaptive feature selection strategy is devised for each aspect category to determine the optimal feature set. Finally, considering the intrinsic associations between aspect categories, a category-aware decision fusion strategy is constructed to enhance the performance of ACSA tasks.

Findings

Comparative experimental results demonstrate that the integrated framework can effectively detect aspect categories and their corresponding sentiment polarities from review texts, achieving a macroaveraged F1 score (Fmacro) of 72.38% and a weighted F1 score (F1) of 79.39%, with absolute gains of 2.93% to 27.36% and 4.35% to 20.36%, respectively, compared to the baselines.

Originality/value

This framework can simultaneously detect aspect categories and corresponding sentiment polarities from review texts, thereby assisting e-commerce enterprises in gaining insights into consumer preferences, prioritizing product improvements, and adjusting marketing strategies.
Developing a framework for cloud computing adoption in academic libraries: an empirical investigation from university librarians
Authors: Nazir Shazia , Shahzad Khurram , Khan Shakeel Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the adoption of cloud computing by university libraries in Punjab province, Pakistan, identify the awareness of university librarians about the use of cloud computing in libraries, reveal the problems faced by university libraries in adopting cloud computing and develop a framework for cloud computing adoption in academic libraries.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a quantitative research method by using a questionnaire as an instrument to address the study’s objectives. A total of 65 university libraries of Punjab Province were the population of the study. A purposive sampling technique was used. The SPSS software was used for the analysis of data.

Findings

The study found that the majority of university libraries in the Punjab province have the necessary information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure. Among the three cloud computing models (SaaS, PaaS and IaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS) was the most widely adopted model in university libraries. The study identified various cloud-based services provided by university libraries. Librarians showed limited awareness of cloud service providers, with the majority only being aware of Amazon Web Services. Librarians acknowledged various challenges in adopting cloud-based library services, including poor internet connectivity, high subscription and renewal costs, data security and privacy concerns.

Originality/value

This study has provided a framework based on empirical findings of the study to efficiently adopt cloud-based library services in academic libraries.
How to shape individual innovation competencies? Proposing a tool for the corporate environment
Authors: Bittencourt Bruno Anicet , Scholz Junior Henrique , Faccin Kadigia , Genari Denise
Published: February 2025

Purpose

In recent years, there have been many discoveries in terms of identifying and measuring innovation competencies (ICs) but not regarding the process of shaping such ICs. This study aims to understand how ICs are shaped in a corporate environment and thereby broaden the existing knowledge on IC development in the business context

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conduct a qualitative study using the design science research methodology. This methodology makes it possible to find solutions instead of merely explaining the research problem and generates a greater impact through artifact creation.

Findings

This study proposes the use of the innovation competencies development cycle, a tool that develops employee ICs and comprises a diagnostic stage and six fundamental stages. The diagnosis stage is intended to analyze whether the environment in which the tool will be applied has the required foundation to guarantee its effective functioning and obtain the expected results. The other six stages are designed mainly using the innovation pedagogy approach, the individual IC behaviors and the experimental learning.

Research limitations/implications

The study’s limitations include the application of the tool to a single sector and company size. In addition, the sample of participating employees was reduced.

Practical implications

This study has practical implications in the field of management, as it delivers a tool that can be applied to business companies. This tool aims to help managers shape innovation skills in their employees.

Social implications

This study contributes with a real proposal for a tool to shape innovation competencies. This study will help employees and organizations become more innovative.

Originality/value

The IC theme has been previously examined only within the academic and not the corporate environment, a gap addressed by this study. Therefore, this study adopts the perspective of developing ICs by not only measuring but also identifying and classifying this group of competencies.
Assessment of sustainability consciousness among pre-service teachers in China under the “Double Carbon” goal
Authors: Gong Qian , Liu Jian , Chen Xi , He Yongjie , Sun Xiaomin , Tan Zhiyao , Su Xiaojie
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to identify the level of sustainability consciousness among preservice teachers in China under the “Double Carbon” goal.

Design/methodology/approach

A sustainability consciousness questionnaire was distributed to 2,795 preservice teachers aged 17–26 years old from first-year undergraduate to third-year postgraduate students through an online questionnaire tool. The mean, standard deviation and correlation of their sustainability knowingness, attitude and behavior were analyzed using SPSS software.

Findings

First, preservice teachers scored high in sustainability knowingness, attitude and behavior. Second, across different household types, disciplines and university levels (double first-class and nondouble first-class), preservice teachers’ sustainability consciousness scores were comparable to each other. Finally, a negative correlation was found between sustainability knowingness and attitude as well as knowingness and behavior. However, the authors observed a positive correlation between sustainability attitude and behavior. Overall, the level of sustainability consciousness among Chinese preservice teachers is high and no significant differences exist between the sustainability consciousness of preservice teachers with different household types, in different disciplines and at different levels of universities. Influenced by the contextual differences of the relevant concepts in the questionnaire, there is a certain degree of structural differences in the preservice teachers’ level of sustainability consciousness across the dimensions.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by investigating the current status of sustainability consciousness level among preservice teachers in China under the “Double Carbon” goal. The findings of this study provide universities and relevant departments with recommendations for education for sustainable development policies.
Investigation of high-temperature wear behavior of TiN and TiAlN PVD-coated low alloy steel AISI 4140
Authors: Murwamadala Rabelani Dennis , Guthmann Xavier , Nohava Jiri
Published: February 2025

Purpose

AISI 4140 is a versatile, low alloy steel often used in various applications in mechanical systems and manufacturing processes. To mention a few in processes such as friction stir welding tooling and in engine components, temperatures above 700°C coupled with wear. Despite its versatility, it is still susceptible to wear and corrosion. A common method to address this shortcoming is physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating. This study aims to experimentally investigate the wear performance of AISI 4140 PVD coated with titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) at room and elevated temperatures.

Design/methodology/approach

Two sets of three samples were prepared. Where one sample was uncoated AISI 4140, TiN and TiAlN PVD coated, one set was tested at room temperature and the other set at 780°C for comparison purposes. The average coating thicknesses were measured, and the adhesion properties were assessed using a scratch test. Their tribological wear scars were further characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and confocal microscopy, and the results were furnished in the paper.

Findings

With the scratch test, the first critical load (Lc) on the TiAlN coating was 15% higher than that of the TiN coating. At room temperature, TiN had the highest coefficient at 0.61, while TiAlN was 0.39. After 1,500 s, samples showed run-in and stability. At elevated temperatures, TiAlN started with the highest friction but stabilized later than TiN and uncoated samples, which stabilized after 200 s due to titanium oxide formation. This was due to the formation of an oxidation layer caused by the thermal environment. Hence, the opposite is observed at room temperature. The findings were supported by the Raman, XRD, SEM EDS and areal topography analysis.

Originality/value

The results presented in the study are valuable to design engineers and researchers anticipating wear in high temperature applications. Therefore, with these results, reasonable, informed decisions can be made about specific design requirements.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-09-2024-0354/