bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
α-1,3-Glucanase from the gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium sp. EK-14 hydrolyzes fungal cell wall α-1,3-glucan
Authors: Takahashi Masaki , Yano Shigekazu , Horaguchi Yui , Otsuka Yuitsu , Suyotha Wasana , Makabe Koki , Konno Hiroyuki , Kokeguchi Susumu
Published: December 2023

The glycoside hydrolase (GH) 87 α-1,3-glucanase (Agl-EK14) gene was cloned from the genomic DNA of the gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium sp. EK14. The gene consisted of 2940 nucleotides and encoded 980 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of Agl-EK14 included a signal peptide, a catalytic domain, a first immunoglobulin-like domain, a second immunoglobulin-like domain, a ricin B-like lectin domain, and a carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) involved in extracellular secretion. Phylogenetic analysis of the catalytic domain of GH87 enzymes suggested that Agl-EK14 is distinct from known clusters, such as clusters composed of α-1,3-glucanases from bacilli and mycodextranases from actinomycetes. Agl-EK14 without the signal peptide and CTD hydrolyzed α-1,3-glucan, and the reaction residues from 1 and 2% substrates were almost negligible after 1440 min reaction. Agl-EK14 hydrolyzed the cell wall preparation of Aspergillus oryzae and released glucose, nigerose, and nigero-triose from the cell wall preparation. After treatment of A. oryzae live mycelia with Agl-EK14 (at least 0.5 nmol/ml), mycelia were no longer stained by red fluorescent protein-fused α-1,3-glucan binding domains of α-1,3-glucanase Agl-KA from Bacillus circulans KA-304. Results suggested that Agl-EK14 can be applied to a fungal cell wall lytic enzyme.
RNA binding protein IGF2BP2 expression is induced by stress in the heart and mediates dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Krumbein Miriam , Oberman Froma , Cinnamon Yuval , Golomb Mordechai , May Dalit , Vainer Gilad , Belzer Vitali , Meir Karen , Fridman Irina , Haybaeck Johannes , Poelzl Gerhard , Kehat Izhak , Beeri Ronen , Kessler Sonja M. , Yisraeli Joel K.
Published: December 2023

The IGF2BP family of RNA binding proteins consists of three paralogs that regulate intracellular RNA localization, RNA stability, and translational control. Although IGF2BP1 and 3 are oncofetal proteins, IGF2BP2 expression is maintained in many tissues, including the heart, into adulthood. IGF2BP2 is upregulated in cardiomyocytes during cardiac stress and remodeling and returns to normal levels in recovering hearts. We wondered whether IGF2BP2 might play an adaptive role during cardiac stress and recovery. Enhanced expression of an IGF2BP2 transgene in a conditional, inducible mouse line leads to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and death within 3-4 weeks in newborn or adult hearts. Downregulation of the transgene after 2 weeks, however, rescues these mice, with complete recovery by 12 weeks. Hearts overexpressing IGF2BP2 downregulate sarcomeric and mitochondrial proteins and have fragmented mitochondria and elongated, thinner sarcomeres. IGF2BP2 is also upregulated in DCM or myocardial infarction patients. These results suggest that IGF2BP2 may be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in cardiomyopathies.
Electric field-tuneable crossing of hole Zeeman splitting and orbital gaps in compressively strained germanium semiconductor on silicon
Authors: Myronov Maksym , Waldron Philip , Barrios Pedro , Bogan Alex , Studenikin Sergei
Published: December 2023

With the emergence of the quantum computing era, the spin physics of engineered semiconductor materials with large and tuneable effective g*-factor, which is a measure of the interaction between the magnetic field and the spin of the particle, has become of great interest because it offers new physics and engineering tools for spin’s manipulation and its addressable control. Here we suggest a semi-empirical method to determine out of plane effective g*-factor in high mobility 2D hole heterostructures. We experimentally study the electric-field tuneablity of effective g*-factor of holes in a strained germanium quantum well heterostructure. As a result of the material’s engineering, the g*-factor can be tuned in a large range from 13 to 24 that corresponds to the tuneable Zeeman spin splitting of heavy holes in the range from smaller, to equal, and to larger than the orbital Landau level quantization gap.
Dynamics of episodic supershear in the 2023 M7.8 Kahramanmaraş/Pazarcik earthquake, revealed by near-field records and computational modeling
Authors: Abdelmeguid Mohamed , Zhao Chunhui , Yalcinkaya Esref , Gazetas George , Elbanna Ahmed , Rosakis Ares
Published: December 2023

The 2023 M7.8 Kahramanmaraş/Pazarcik earthquake was larger and more destructive than what had been expected. Here we analyzed nearfield seismic records and developed a dynamic rupture model that reconciles different currently conflicting inversion results and reveals spatially non-uniform propagation speeds in this earthquake, with predominantly supershear speeds observed along the Narli fault and at the southwest (SW) end of the East Anatolian Fault (EAF). The model highlights the critical role of geometric complexity and heterogeneous frictional conditions in facilitating continued propagation and influencing rupture speed. We also constrained the conditions that allowed for the rupture to jump from the Narli fault to EAF and to generate the delayed backpropagating rupture towards the SW. Our findings have important implications for understanding earthquake hazards and guiding future response efforts and demonstrate the value of physics based dynamic modeling fused with near-field data in enhancing our understanding of earthquake mechanisms and improving risk assessment.
Rural populations facilitated early SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission in Missouri, USA
Authors: Tang Cynthia Y. , Li Tao , Haynes Tricia A. , McElroy Jane A. , Ritter Detlef , Hammer Richard D. , Sampson Christopher , Webby Richard , Hang Jun , Wan Xiu-Feng
Published: December 2023

In the United States, rural populations comprise 60 million individuals and suffered from high COVID-19 disease burdens. Despite this, surveillance efforts are biased toward urban centers. Consequently, how rurally circulating SARS-CoV-2 viruses contribute toward emerging variants remains poorly understood. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of rural communities in the evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the early pandemic. We collected 544 urban and 435 rural COVID-19-positive respiratory specimens from an overall vaccine-naïve population in Southwest Missouri between July and December 2020. Genomic analyses revealed 53 SARS-CoV-2 Pango lineages in our study samples, with 14 of these lineages identified only in rural samples. Phylodynamic analyses showed that frequent bi-directional diffusions occurred between rural and urban communities in Southwest Missouri, and that four out of seven Missouri rural-origin lineages spread globally. Further analyses revealed that the nucleocapsid protein (N):R203K/G204R paired substitutions, which were detected disproportionately across multiple Pango lineages, were more associated with urban than rural sequences. Positive selection was detected at N:204 among rural samples but was not evident in urban samples, suggesting that viruses may encounter distinct selection pressures in rural versus urban communities. This study demonstrates that rural communities may be a crucial source of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission, highlighting the need to expand surveillance and resources to rural populations for COVID-19 mitigation.
Serum-based ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis for the diagnosis of pre-diabetes and diabetes
Authors: Pang Weiyi , Xing Yu , Morais Camilo L. M. , Lao Qiufeng , Li Shengle , Qiao Zipeng , Li You , Singh Maneesh N. , Barauna Valério G. , Martin Francis L. , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: December 2023

Identification of pre-diabetes allows intervention to reduce risk of diabetes mellitus (DM).
Fluorescent assay for acetylcholinesterase activity and inhibitor screening based on lanthanide organic/inorganic hybrid materials
Authors: Zhang Bing , Wang Yu , Wu Donghui , Zhao Qilin , Chen Yaoyao , Li Yushu , Sun Jian , Yang Xiurong
Published: December 2023

Fluorescence sensor based on lanthanide hybrid materials has merits of facile operation, low cost and high sensitivity/selectivity.
Platelet membrane-based biochemotactic-targeting nanoplatform combining PDT with EGFR inhibition therapy for the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Wan Guoyun , Chen Xuheng , Gou Ruiling , Guan Chenguang , Chen Jiayu , Wang Qian , Wu Wenjie , Chen Hongli , Zhang Qiqing , Wang Haijiao
Published: December 2023

A platelet membrane biomimetic nanoplatform achieved the biochemotactic targeted drug delivery for the combination treatment of Triple negative breast cancer.
Effect of S⋯π interactions on the charge transport properties of the DPP framework
Authors: Wang Xu , Hu Zhonghao , Liang Lei , Wang Zhiye , Wang Yanze , Li Yunchuan , Xiao Bohuai
Published: December 2023

We find that the S⋯π interactions can form a new through-space channel that favors charge transport and consequently improves the electronic properties in DPP derivatives.
Anti-electrostatic cation⋯π-hole and cation⋯lp-hole interactions are stabilized via collective interactions
Authors: Pino-Rios Ricardo , Báez-Grez Rodrigo , Foroutan-Nejad Cina
Published: December 2023

The collective bonds are a non-Lewis type of bond forming between a σ-hole and an lp-hole or a π-hole through the interaction between the σ-hole and electron-rich substituents around the lp/π-hole.
Tuning the number of redox groups in the cathode toward high rate and long lifespan zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Shi Yanjun , Xu Zhihui , Wang Pengcheng , Gao Haiguang , He Wanjiao , Sun Yanan , Huang Yucheng , Xu Juan , Cao Jianyu
Published: December 2023

Tuning the number of CO and CN groups in the same π-conjugated skeleton toward high rate and long lifespan cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
Structure–property–function relationships of stabilized and persistent C- and N-based triaryl radicals
Authors: Vasiļevska Anna , Slanina Tomáš
Published: December 2023

Triaryl amine radical cations and trityl radicals use two completely orthogonal stabilization strategies. The former delocalize both the spin and charge density over the π-system, while the latter isolate the spin density by persistent barriers.
Tunable polarization properties of charge, spin, and valley in Janus VSiGeZ4 (Z = N, P, As) monolayers
Authors: Liu Ming-Yang , Li Guang-Qiang , He Yao , Xiong Kai
Published: December 2023

Polarization, as an important characterization of the symmetry breaking systems, has attracted tremendous attention in two-dimensional (2D) materials.
Early events in the mechanism of single-source chemical vapor deposition of zirconium and hafnium diboride: a computational investigation
Authors: Prokvolit Sergei , Mao Erqian , Gray Thomas G.
Published: December 2023

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of group 4 metal-diboride ceramics from a single source is a versatile technique that finds many applications from hypersonic flight to microelectronics.
Preparation of MIL-88(Fe)@Fe2O3@FeSiCr double core–shell-structural composites and their wave-absorbing properties
Authors: Zhang Wenmiao , Du Hongzhang , Wang Lei , Rehman Sajjad Ur , Shen Shuqi , Dong Weiwei , Hu Yifeng , Zou Haiping , Liang Tongxiang
Published: December 2023

Double core–shell structure composites of MIL-88(Fe)@Fe2O3@FeSiCr were successfully prepared by oxidative heat treatment of the flaky FeSiCr obtained after ball milling and then in situ composite with MIL-88(Fe).
Copper-containing POM-based hybrid P2Mo22V4Cu4 nanocluster as heterogeneous catalyst for the light-driven hydroxylation of benzene to phenol
Authors: Chen Qun , Jiao Cheng-Yang , Xu Hu , Li Si-Man , Yang Jian-Bo , Mei Hua , Xu Yan
Published: December 2023

A polyoxometalate-based hybrid material was successfully synthesized. It showed good catalytic activity in the reaction of photocatalytic conversion of benzene to phenol, and the mechanism of photocatalytic production of phenol was explored.
New copper(ii) and oxidovanadium(iv) complexes with a vitamin B6 Schiff base: mechanism of action and synergy studies on 2D and 3D human osteosarcoma cell models
Authors: Balsa Lucia M. , Ferretti Valeria , Sottile Marco , Nunes Patrique , Costa Pessoa João , Correia Isabel , León Ignacio E.
Published: December 2023

Decoding novel therapies using novel V and Cu complexes against human osteosarcoma.
Post-synthetic molecular modifications based on Schiff base condensation reactions for designing functional paddlewheel diruthenium(ii,ii) complexes
Authors: Itoh Chisa , Yoshino Haruka , Kitayama Taku , Kosaka Wataru , Miyasaka Hitoshi
Published: December 2023

A new synthetic route for constructing functional paddlewheel diruthenium(ii,ii) complexes ([RuII,II2]) was developed by utilizing Schiff base condensation reactions.
Multiple ethylene activation by heteroleptic L(Cl)Ga-substituted germylenes
Authors: Bücker Anna , Wölper Christoph , Siera Hannah , Haberhauer Gebhard , Schulz Stephan
Published: December 2023

L(Cl)Ga-substituted germylenes react with ethylene with insertion into the Ga–Ge bonds to digermenes, which undergo [2 + 2] cycloaddition with ethylene to give 1,2-digermacyclobutanes.
d-Mannose promotes recovery from experimental colitis by inducing AMPK phosphorylation to stimulate epithelial repair
Authors: Zhang Haojie , Zhao Xue , Gao Yifei , Shi Yao , Wei Lina , Li Jingxin , Liu Chuanyong , Ma Xuelian
Published: December 2023

d-Mannose promotes recovery from DSS-induced colitis by inducing AMPK phosphorylation, which in turn fosters epithelial repair through upregulation of TJ protein expression.
Solvent–base mismatch enables the deconstruction of epoxy polymers and bisphenol A recovery
Authors: Sun Hongwei , Ahrens Alexander , Batista Gabriel Martins Ferreira , Donslund Bjarke S. , Ravn Anne K. , Schwibinger Emil Vincent , Nova Ainara , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: December 2023

The use of an alkaline base mismatched with an apolar aromatic solvent provides a new route to disassemble thermoset epoxy resins resulting in the recovery of the polymer building block bisphenol A.
Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric, complete hydrogenation of pyrimidinium salts under batch and flow
Authors: Yang Zhi , Chen Yu , Wan Linxi , Li Yuxiao , Chen Dan , Tao Jianlin , Tang Pei , Chen Fen-Er
Published: December 2023

A highly enantioselective method for the complete hydrogenation of pyrimidinium salts using Ir/(S,S)-f-Binaphane complex as the catalyst was developed under batch and flow.
Advancements and applications of microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent (MW-DES) lignin extraction: a comprehensive review
Authors: Zou Rongge , Zhou Xu , Qian Moriko , Wang Chenxi , Boldor Dorin , Lei Hanwu , Zhang Xiao
Published: December 2023

Lignocellulosic-derived biorefineries present an environmentally friendly avenue for generating biofuels and bioproducts, curbing emissions, and advancing environmental stewardship.
2D/2D Z-scheme WO3/g-C3N4 heterojunctions for photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation and nitrogen fixation
Authors: Li Yasi , Wang Junkai
Published: December 2023

2D/2D Z-scheme WO3/g-C3N4 heterojunctions were successfully prepared by facile rapid calcination, which exhibited considerable photocatalytic performance in environmental application and energy application without any cocatalyst.
Sirtuin 1-activating derivatives belonging to the anilinopyridine class displaying in vivo cardioprotective activities
Authors: Bononi Giulia , Citi Valentina , Martelli Alma , Poli Giulio , Tuccinardi Tiziano , Granchi Carlotta , Testai Lara , Calderone Vincenzo , Minutolo Filippo
Published: December 2023

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an enzyme that relies on NAD+ cofactor and functions as a deacetylase.
All-atom molecular dynamics simulation of structure, dynamics and mechanics of elastomeric polymer materials in a wide range of pressure and temperature
Authors: Li Sai , Zhao Hengheng , Yue Tongkui , Zhang Liqun , Chen Yulong , Liu Jun
Published: December 2023

Static and dynamic performance of BR, NR and SBR in a wide range of temperature and pressure.
Hydrogel-mediated tumor T cell infiltration and immune evasion to reinforce cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Xu Guixiang , Liu Kai , Chen Xiangwu , Lin Yang , Yu Cancan , Nie Xinxin , He Wenxiu , Karin Nathan , Luan Yuxia
Published: December 2023

An injectable hydrogel was designed to reinforce cancer immunotherapy by regulating CXCL10 degradation to amplify tumor T cell infiltration and inactivating PD-L1 to eliminate the PD-L1-governed immune evasion.
Aberrant photoelectric effect in the topological insulator/n-GaN heterojunction (Bi2Te3/n-GaN) under unpolarized illumination
Authors: Ahmad Faizan , Kandpal Kavindra , Singh Roshani , Kumar Rachana , Kumar Pramod
Published: December 2023

Hint of the band gap modulation in the polycrystalline topological insulator Bi2Te3 film under unpolarized light and realization of photodetector with a typical range.
A novel atomic removal model for chemical mechanical polishing using developed mesoporous shell/core abrasives based on molecular dynamics
Authors: Liu Zhensong , Zhang Zhenyu , Feng Junyuan , Yi Xian , Shi Chunjing , Gu Yang , Zhao Feng , Liu Shihao , Li Jingru
Published: December 2023

Mesoporous shell/core silica abrasives were prepared, and a novel green CMP slurry was developed, including sorbitol, hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate.
Two distinct protocols for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 3,4-disubstituted maleimides based on transition-metal catalysts
Authors: Bandehali-Naeini Farzaneh , Tanbakouchian Zahra , Farajinia-Lehi Noushin , Mayer Nicolas , Shiri Morteza , Breugst Martin
Published: December 2023

Different 3,4-disubstituted maleimide structures can be synthesized from the same Ugi-precursor in a complementary fashion based on either Pd or Cu catalysis.
Synthesis of Cs-symmetrical C60 tetra-adducts via reactions of C60Cl6 with CH-acids and enol silyl ester
Authors: Kraevaya Olga A. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: December 2023

Novel reactions of chlorofullerene C60Cl6 with CH-acids and silyl enol ether lead to the regioselective formation of Cs-symmetrical compounds with four addends.
Theoretical insights into unraveling the mechanism, selectivity patterns, and ligand effects in gold(i)-catalyzed annulations between ynamides and isoxazoles
Authors: Sun Qing , Chen Jia-Jie , Liu Jia-Yi , Zhang Wen-Qing , Lu Xin , Li Jin-Heng , Song Ren-Jie
Published: December 2023

This cutting-edge research work presents a comprehensive and in-depth theoretical investigation on the mechanism, selectivity patterns, and ligand effects in gold(i)-catalyzed annulations between ynamides and isoxazoles.
Potassium supporting electrolyte enhances stability of Ti-substituted polyoxovanadates for nonaqueous redox flow batteries
Authors: Dagar Mamta , Brennessel William W. , Matson Ellen M.
Published: December 2023

“Goldilocks” affinity of K+ for the POV surface stabilizes reduced form of assembly for improved cycling stability!
A Fast Fully Parallel Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm Based on CUDA for Solving TSP
Authors: Zeng Zhi , Cai Yuxing , Chung Kwok L. , Lin Hui , Wu Jinwei
Published: December 2023

In view of the known problems of parameter sensitivity, local optimum, and slow convergence in the ant colony optimization (ACO), we aim to improve the performance of the ACO. To solve the traveling salesman problem (TSP) quickly with accurate results, we propose a fully parallel ACO (FP‐ACO). Based on the max–min ant system (MMAS), we initiate a compensation mechanism for pheromone to constrain its value, guarantee the correctness of results and avoid a local optimum, and further enhance the convergence ability of ACO. Moreover, based on the compute unified device architecture (CUDA), the ACO is implemented as a kernel function on a graphics processing unit (GPU), which shortens the running time of massive iterations. Combined with the roulette wheel selection mechanism, FP‐ACO has powerful search capabilities and is committed to obtaining better solutions. The experimental results show that, compared with the effective strategies ACO (ESACO) that runs on CPU, the speed‐up ratio of the proposed algorithm reaches 35, and the running time is less than that of the max–min ant system‐roulette wheel method‐bitmask tabu (MMAS‐RWM‐BT) that runs on GPU. Furthermore, our algorithm outperforms the other two algorithms in the speed‐up ratio and less runtime, proving that the proposed FP‐ACO is more suitable for solving TSP.
Exploring the spatiotemporal relationship between green infrastructure and urban heat island under multi‐source remote sensing imagery: A case study of Fuzhou City
Authors: Hong Tingting , Huang Xiaohui , Chen Guangjian , Yang Yiwei , Chen Lijia
Published: December 2023

Green Infrastructure (GI) has garnered increasing attention from various regions due to its potential to mitigate urban heat island (UHI), which has been exacerbated by global climate change. This study focuses on the central area of Fuzhou city, one of the “furnace” cities, and aims to explore the correlation between the GI pattern and land surface temperature (LST) in the spring and autumn seasons. The research adopts a multiscale approach, starting from the urban scale and using urban geographic spatial characteristics, multispectral remote sensing data, and morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA). Significant MSPA elements were tested and combined with LST to conduct a geographic weighted regression (GWR) experiment. The findings reveal that the UHI in the central area of Fuzhou city has a spatial characteristic of “high temperature in the middle and low temperature around,” which is coupled with a “central scattered and peripheral concentrated” distribution of GI. This suggests that remote sensing data can effectively be utilised for UHI inversion. Additionally, the study finds that the complexity of GI, whether from the perspective of the overall GI pattern or the classification study based on the proportion of the core area, has an impact on the alleviation of UHI in both seasons. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of a reasonable layout of urban green infrastructure for mitigating UHI.
Learning feature alignment and dual correlation for few‐shot image classification
Authors: Huang Xilang , Choi Seon Han
Published: December 2023

Few‐shot image classification is the task of classifying novel classes using extremely limited labelled samples. To perform classification using the limited samples, one solution is to learn the feature alignment (FA) information between the labelled and unlabelled sample features. Most FA methods use the feature mean as the class prototype and calculate the correlation between prototype and unlabelled features to learn an alignment strategy. However, mean prototypes tend to degenerate informative features because spatial features at the same position may not be equally important for the final classification, leading to inaccurate correlation calculations. Therefore, the authors propose an effective intraclass FA strategy that aggregates semantically similar spatial features from an adaptive reference prototype in low‐dimensional feature space to obtain an informative prototype feature map for precise correlation computation. Moreover, a dual correlation module to learn the hard and soft correlations was developed by the authors. This module combines the correlation information between the prototype and unlabelled features in both the original and learnable feature spaces, aiming to produce a comprehensive cross‐correlation between the prototypes and unlabelled features. Using both FA and cross‐attention modules, our model can maintain informative class features and capture important shared features for classification. Experimental results on three few‐shot classification benchmarks show that the proposed method outperformed related methods and resulted in a 3% performance boost in the 1‐shot setting by inserting the proposed module into the related methods.
Nuclear regions as seen with LOFAR international baselines
Authors: Jurlin N. , Morganti R. , Sweijen F. , Morabito L. K. , Brienza M. , Barthel P. , Miley G. K.
Published: December 2023

Context. Radio galaxies dominate the sky at radio wavelengths and represent an essential piece in the galaxy evolution puzzle. High-resolution studies focussed on statistical samples of radio galaxies are expected to shed light on the triggering mechanisms of the active galactic nucleus in their centre, alternating between the phases of activity and quiescence.

Aims. For this work, we zoomed in on the sub-arcsec radio structures in the central regions of the 35 radio galaxies in the area covering 6.6 deg2 of the Lockman Hole region. The sources studied here were previously classified as active, remnant, and candidate restarted radio galaxies based on the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) observations at 150 MHz. We examined the morphologies and studied the spectral properties of their central regions to explore their evolutionary stages and to revise the morphological and spectral criteria used to select the initial sample.

Methods. We used the newly available LOFAR 150 MHz image obtained using international baselines, yielding a resolution of 0.38″ × 0.30″, making this the first systematic study of the nuclear regions at such a high resolution and low frequency. We used publicly available images from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm survey at 1.4 GHz and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) Sky Survey at 3 GHz to achieve our goals. In addition, for one of the restarted candidates, we present new dedicated observations with the VLA at 3 GHz.

Results. We characterised the central regions of the radio galaxies in our sample and found various morphologies, some even mimicking well-known double-double radio galaxies but on a smaller scale, that is, a few tens of kiloparsecs for the size of the restarted activity. We also see the beginnings of active jets or distinct detections unrelated to the large-scale structure. Furthermore, we found a variety of radio spectra characterising the sources in our sample, such as flat, steep, or peaked in the frequency range between 150 MHz and 3 GHz, indicative of the different life-cycle phases of the sources in our sample. Based on these analyses, we confirm five out of six previously considered restarted candidates and identify three more restarted candidates from the active sample. As the number of restarted candidates still exceeds that of remnant candidates, this is consistent with previous results suggesting that the restarted phase can occur after a relatively short remnant phase (i.e. a few tens of millions of years).
Innovative and automated method for vortex identification
Authors: Canivete Cuissa J. R. , Steiner O.
Published: December 2023

Context. Ubiquitous small-scale vortical motions are seen to occur in the solar atmosphere both in simulations and observations. They are thought to play a significant role in the local heating of the quiet chromosphere and corona. In a previous paper, we proposed a new method for the automated identification of vortices based on the accurate estimation of curvature centers; this method was implemented in the SWIRL algorithm.

Aims. We aim to assess the applicability of the SWIRL algorithm to self-consistent numerical simulations of the solar atmosphere. The highly turbulent and dynamical solar flow poses a challenge to any vortex-detection method. We also conduct a statistical analysis of the properties and characteristics of photospheric and chromospheric small-scale swirling motions in numerical simulations.

Methods. We applied the SWIRL algorithm to realistic, three-dimensional, radiative, magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of the solar atmosphere carried out with the CO5BOLD code. In order to achieve statistical validity, we analyzed 30 time instances of the simulation covering 2 h of physical time.

Results. The SWIRL algorithm accurately identified most of the photospheric and chromospheric swirls, which are perceived as spiraling instantaneous streamlines of the horizontal component of the flow. Part of the identified swirls form three-dimensional coherent structures that are generally rooted in magnetically dominated intergranular lanes and extend vertically into the chromospheric layers. From a statistical analysis, we find that the average number densities of swirls in the photosphere and chromosphere are 1 Mm−2 and 4 Mm−2, respectively, while the average radius is 50 − 60 km throughout the simulated atmosphere. We also find an approximately linear correlation between the rotational speed of chromospheric swirls and the local Alfvén speed. We find evidence that more than 80% of the identified, coherent, vortical structures may be Alfvénic in nature.

Conclusions. The SWIRL algorithm is a reliable tool for the identification of vortical motions in magnetized, turbulent, and complex astrophysical flows. It can serve to expand our understanding of the nature and properties of swirls in the solar atmosphere. A statistical analysis shows that swirling structures may be smaller, more numerous, and may rotate faster than previously thought, and also suggests a tight relation between swirls and the propagation of Alfvénic waves in the solar atmosphere.
Alltag und Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Menig Alexandra , Mehrholz Jan , Lotze Martin
Published: December 2023

Der Alltag eines Therapeuten umfasst eine Bandbreite an therapeutischen Aufgaben,
darunter die Unterstützung der Patienten bei der Durchführung ihrer
alltäglichen Aktivitäten. Wir haben ein Heft zusammengestellt, das
zeigt, wie die alltäglichen Anforderungen an den Therapeuten in die
individuelle Therapie integriert werden können.
Informiertheit von ungewollt schwangeren Frauen mit Abbruch in Deutschland
Authors: Schneider Maria , Eckardt Sarah , Torenz Rona , Thonke Ines , Vollmer Heike , Wyrobisch-Krüger Anke , Hahn Daphne
Published: December 2023

Einleitung Für eine selbstbestimmte, informierte Entscheidung sowie qualitativ hochwertige Versorgung benötigen Frauen beim Schwangerschaftsabbruch zielgerichtete, vertrauenswürdige Informationen.

Forschungsziele Im Beitrag werden Informationsbedarfe, -quellen und -barrieren von Frauen mit Schwangerschaftsabbruch untersucht und es wird gezeigt, wann sich Frauen gut beziehungsweise schlecht informiert fühlen.

Methoden Die Analysen basieren auf den Daten der Online-Querschnittsbefragung von 594 Frauen mit Abbruch einer ungewollten Schwangerschaft in Deutschland, die im Rahmen der ELSA(Erfahrungen und Lebenslagen ungewollt Schwangerer – Angebote der Beratung und Versorgung)-Studie 2021/2022 durchgeführt wurde.

Ergebnisse Am häufigsten suchten die Befragten Informationen über Pflichtberatungsstellen und Abbrucheinrichtungen und fanden hilfreiche Informationen bei Beratungsstellen, Arztpraxen sowie auf Webseiten/Suchmaschinen. Die 2019 eingeführte Liste der Bundesärztekammer spielte bei den Befragten eine sehr geringe Rolle, um eine Abbrucheinrichtung zu finden. Circa 80 % fühlten sich (sehr) gut rund um den Schwangerschaftsabbruch informiert. Wichtige Faktoren sind dafür der Erhalt aller benötigten Informationen und die Aufklärung über verschiedenen Methoden beim ersten Arztgespräch. Gleichzeitig gab mehr als jede zweite Befragte (58 %) an, auf Informationsbarrieren gestoßen zu sein. Ein Viertel der befragten Frauen erhielt nicht alle benötigten Informationen und ein Drittel fühlte sich nicht umfangreich über alle Methoden aufgeklärt.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Relevanz von evidenzbasierten und wertneutral vermittelten Informationen, die für alle Frauen gleich zugänglich sein müssen. Bereits bestehende Informationsangebote sollten auf die Bedürfnisse der Frauen zugeschnitten werden und ihre Qualität sollte sichergestellt werden.
“Run-and-jump failure”: new injury patterns in indoor bouldering
Authors: Eichler Mathis , Lutter Christoph , Morris Patrick Davie , Schöffl Volker
Published: December 2023

In recent years, professional and non-professional bouldering have seen a fundamental change in movement patterns towards complex movement sequences. This is associated with increased demands on the musculoskeletal system, especially the lower extremities, which can lead to new injury patterns. In the course of our clinical work, we have already seen an increasing number of lower extremity injuries after run-and-jump sequences, with a severe one being highlighted in this case report.
Effectiveness and safety of thin vs. thick cold snare polypectomy of small colorectal polyps: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khan Rishad , Samnani Sunil , Vaska Marcus , Grover Samir C , Walsh Catharine M , Mosko Jeffrey , Bourke Michael J , Heitman Steven J , Forbes Nauzer
Published: December 2023

Background and study aims Cold-snare polypectomy (CSP) is
considered the standard of care for resection of colorectal polyps ≤10 mm. Data on the
efficacy of CSP performed with thin-wire snares compared with thick-wire snares are
conflicting. We performed a meta-analysis comparing complete resection (CR) and adverse event
rates of CSP using thin-wire and thick-wire snares.

Patients and methods Comparative studies of adult patients with ≧1 colorectal polyp(s) ≦10 mm who underwent CSP with thin-wire or thick-wire snares were included. We collected data on study, patient, polyp, and snare characteristics. The primary outcome was CR rate. Secondary outcomes were polyp retrieval rate, intraprocedural bleeding, delayed post-polypectomy bleeding, deep mural injury or perforation, patient discomfort, total sedation, and procedure time. We used random-effects models to calculate risk ratios for outcomes. We performed risk of bias assessments, rated the certainty of evidence, and assessed publication bias for all studies.

Results We included four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two observational studies including 1316 patients with 1679 polyps (826 thin-wire CSPs and 853 thick-wire CSPs). There was no significant difference between thin-wire CSP (92.1%) and thick-wire CSP (87.7%) for RCTs (risk ratio [RR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–1.16) or observational studies (78.1% versus 79.6%, RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.99–1.08). There were no significant differences in polyp retrieval rate or intraprocedural bleeding. There were no cases of delayed bleeding or perforation.

Conclusions We found no differences in CR rates for CSP between thin-wire and thick-wire snares. CSP, regardless of snare type, is safe and effective for resection of small colorectal polyps.
Skull Base Repair following Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic Review (Part 2: The Translabyrinthine Approach)
Authors: Starup-Hansen Joachim , Williams Simon C. , Valetopoulou Alexandra , Khan Danyal Z. , Horsfall Hugo Layard , Moudgil-Joshi Jigishaa , Burton Oliver , Kanona Hala , Saeed Shakeel R. , Muirhead William , Marcus Hani J. , Grover Patrick
Published: December 2023

Objectives Despite advances in skull base reconstruction techniques, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks remain a relatively common complication after translabyrinthine (TL) vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize the repair techniques and materials used in TL VS surgery to prevent CSF leaks.

Design A systematic review of studies published since 2000 reporting techniques to prevent CSF leaks during adult TL VS surgery was conducted. A narrative synthesis of primary repair protocols was produced, and a taxonomy was established. Additionally, the advantages, disadvantages, and associated CSF leak rates of different repair protocols were extracted.

Results All 43 studies were case series, and 39 were retrospective. Repair strategies included heterogeneous combinations of autografts, xenografts, and synthetic materials. A taxonomy was produced, classifying repairs into seven distinct stages, including approaches to the dura, middle ear cleft, air cells, TL bony defect, extra-cranial soft tissue, postoperative dressings, and CSF diversion. The median postoperative incidence of CSF leaks was 6% (interquartile range: 0–10%).

Conclusions This systematic review reveals substantial inter-institutional heterogeneity in intraoperative strategies to prevent CSF leaks following TL VS surgery. However, comparing these techniques is challenging due to the multiple predictive factors for CSF leaks and their inconsistent reporting. We propose a taxonomy of seven stages to classify operative techniques and materials aimed at preventing CSF leaks. We recommend that future evaluations should adopt a prospective approach encompassing data collection strategies that considers all operative stages described by our taxonomy.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients' Self-perception of Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Zainal Abidin Zaridah , Noor Erni , Mohd Nor Noor Shafina , Mohamed Nazari Nor Shafina , Anuar Zaini Azriyanti , Azizi Nurul Zeety , Soelar Shahrul Aiman , Shahrizad Marshah Mohamad , Abdul Halim Rohaida
Published: December 2023

Objectives The study aimed to evaluate type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients' self-perceived periodontal health status and to identify the association between periodontal disease (PD) and DM.

Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included 113 T1DM children between 3 and 18 years old from the Universiti Teknologi MARA and the University of Malaya. Periodontal health parameters, including plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, simplified basic periodontal examination, and clinical attachment loss, were recorded. Self-perceived periodontal health status was assessed with questionnaires.

Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the questionnaire and the relationship between T1DM and periodontal parameters.

Results The median age was 11.4 years. Half of them (50.4%) were females. A total of 83.5% rated their oral condition as good, whereas 27.5% reported a history of gingival bleeding. Clinical examination revealed that 48.7% had healthy gingiva, whereas 47.8% had gingivitis. The question “Do you have bleeding when brushing, flossing, or eating food?” showed good accuracy in the evaluation of PD (p < 0.001).

Conclusion The questionnaire has a high potential to be used by medical professionals in identifying T1DM patients at risk of PD to guide nondental health care providers in making appropriate referrals to dental services.
Effect of Different Desensitizer Treatments on the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Metal Brackets Following In-Office Bleaching: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ambersari Septia Emi , Karunia Dyah , Alhasyimi Ananto Ali
Published: December 2023

Objective One of the adverse effects of in-office bleaching is tooth hypersensitivity, which could be neutralized with a desensitizing agent. In-office bleaching and the application of desensitizing agents will affect the morphology of the enamel surface. These morphological changes have potential effects on the shear bond strength (SBS) and bonding of orthodontic brackets. This study analyzed the effects of fluoride and nonfluoride desensitizing agents after in-office bleaching on the SBS of metal brackets with resin composite cementation.

Materials and Methods Twenty-seven postextraction premolars (n = 27) were bleached with 37% hydrogen peroxide and then divided into three groups: control group (group 1), fluoride-based desensitizing agent (group 2), and nonfluoride-based desensitizing agent (group 3). After treatment, the brackets were bonded using Transbond, and then the SBS test was performed using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was analyzed after the SBS test, whereas enamel morphological changes were observed under a scanning electron microscope. After this assessment, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was conducted to determine calcium and phosphorus elements in the enamel surface after treatments. SBS data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test, whereas ARI scores were subjected to the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Mann–Whitney test with a significance level of 5%.

Results The SBS increased significantly in group 2 compared with groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). In group 2, an ARI of 2 (55.56%) was frequent, whereas in group 3, an ARI of 3 (55.56%) appeared most frequently.

Conclusion The application of the desensitizing agent fluoride after in-office bleaching increased the SBS and more adhesive remains on the tooth surface compared with that when nonfluoride desensitizing agents were applied on metal brackets with composite resin cementation.
Secuela rotacional de falange en paciente pediátrico: Corrección con osteotomía desrotadora de metacarpiano y osteosíntesis con tornillo compresivo endomedular. Reporte de un caso
Authors: d'Oliveira Lucía , Craviotto Matías
Published: December 2023

Las secuelas rotacionales en las falanges de pacientes pediátricos son, afortunadamente, poco frecuentes y se pueden tratar mediante osteotomías correctivas del hueso en el cual presenta la secuela. El tratamiento ideal debe lograr, además de la corrección del defecto rotacional: conservar el cartílago de crecimiento indemne junto con su potencial de crecimiento, evitar cicatrices extensas y un postoperatorio mas confortable sin el retiro de clavos. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de edad pediátrica con una secuela rotacional de una fractura subcondilar de falange proximal de 5° dedo mano hábil en la cual se realizó una osteotomía desrotadora de 5° metacarpiano y estabilización con tornillo endomedular sin cabeza para corrección del defecto.
Fibroma de la vaina tendinosa en el dedo de la mano de una niña de 6 años: A propósito de un caso
Authors: García-Jiménez Antonio , Ochoa García Javier , Pomerol Sanfeliu Lluís
Published: December 2023

Se presenta un caso de fibroma de la vaina tendinosa, tumor benigno poco frecuente de adultos de 20–40 años y de extraordinaria rareza en la edad infantil, localizado en la cara palmar de la falange media del tercer dedo de la mano derecha de una niña de 6 años. El diagnóstico se efectuó tras su exéresis mediante el estudio histológico de la lesión, pues los estudios de imagen previos mediante ecografía y resonancia magnética no fueron concluyentes. A pesar de que la resección quirúrgica constituye el tratamiento de elección, existe un alto riesgo de recidiva de la enfermedad.
Follicular Unit Excision Donor Area Management and Considerations of the Scalp
Authors: Carman Timothy P. , Rassman William
Published: December 2023

Over the last several years, follicular unit excision (FUE) donor harvesting has become the predominant donor harvest method, surpassing the traditional method of linear strip excision donor harvesting. While this may offer advantages in specific clinical settings, the reality of ongoing losses with the natural evolution of male patterned hair loss places a premium on obtaining as much lifetime donor hair as possible to address this clinical reality. This lifetime demand requirement must be weighed against the possibility of a detrimental cosmetic appearance of the donor area with serial donor harvests utilizing FUE. This chapter will examine the important technical and artistic considerations critical for hair restoration surgeons to appreciate in order to maintain cosmetically high-quality donor area outcomes in patients choosing to undergo FUE harvesting for hair transplantation surgery.
Single-Stage Extensor Digitorium Tendon Reconstruction, Including Overlying Soft Tissue Defects of the Foot Dorsum with a Composite-Free Anterolateral Thigh Flap
Authors: Sơn Trần Thiết , Phúc Lê Hồng , Nghĩa Phan Tuấn , Minh Nguyễn Đinh , Tùng Nguyễn Thanh , Tuấn Nguyễn Ngọc , Tú Lương Thanh
Published: December 2023

Background Loss of the extensor tendon with overlying soft tissue remains a complex reconstructive challenge. Successful reconstruction combines tendon repair with defect coverage by soft tissue flaps, meets the goals of approaching functionality, and achieves an esthetic result.

Patients and Methods From June 2016 to June 2022, our center submitted six patients to a one-stage procedure correcting the extensor tendon and skin defect using a composite-free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap with fascia lata (FL).

Results The ALT skin paddle was from 10 × 8 cm to 26 × 13 cm, and all flaps included vascularized FL with an average of 12 × 9.5 cm, which was split and folded to reconstruct as a tendon. The extensor digitorium brevis tendon defects were reconstructed by fascia sheets in all patients. One patient had additional reconstruction of the extensor hallucis longus tendon. All the flaps survived completely, and no complication was reported. All patients received rehabilitation therapy starting in the third week postoperatively. The mean follow-up was 33.67 months (range, 10–60). The mean arc of ankle rotation between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion was 49.20 degrees (range, 40–55 degrees). After reconstruction, our patients showed good functional results, and these patients could walk, climb stairs, tiptoe again without support, and regular footwear could be worn.

Conclusion A composite-free ALT flap with vascularized FL is a reasonable option for coverage of the extensor tendon and overlying soft tissue defects. It helps reduce the surgical risk and hospitalization time and provokes faster recovery and rehabilitation.

Level of Clinical Evidence Case studies, Level 4.
Patient Priorities, Decisional Comfort, and Satisfaction with Metformin versus Insulin for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Venkatesh Kartik K. , Wu Jiqiang , Trinh Anne , Cross Sharon , Rice Donna , Powe Camille E. , Brindle Stephanie , Andreatta Sophia , Bartholomew Anna , MacPherson Cora , Costantine Maged M. , Saade George , McAlearney Ann Scheck , Grobman William A. , Landon Mark B.
Published: December 2023

Objective We compared patient priorities, decisional comfort, and satisfaction with treating gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with metformin versus insulin among pregnant individuals with GDM requiring pharmacotherapy.

Study Design We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients' perspectives about GDM pharmacotherapy in an integrated prenatal and diabetes care program from October 19, 2022, to August 24, 2023. The exposure was metformin versus insulin as the initial medication decision. Outcomes included standardized measures of patient priorities, decisional comfort, and satisfaction about their medication decision.

Results Among 144 assessed individuals, 60.4% were prescribed metformin and 39.6% were prescribed insulin. Minoritized individuals were more likely to receive metformin compared with non-Hispanic White individuals (34.9 vs. 17.5%; p = 0.03). Individuals who were willing to participate in a GDM pharmacotherapy clinical trial were more likely to receive insulin than those who were unwilling (30.4 vs. 19.5%; p = 0.02). Individuals receiving metformin were more likely to report prioritizing avoiding injections (62.4 vs. 19.3%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–7.31), wanting to take a medication no more than twice daily (56.0 vs. 30.4%; aOR: 3.67; 95% CI: 1.56–8.67), and believing that both medications can equally prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes (70.9 vs. 52.6%; aOR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.19–6.03). Conversely, they were less likely to report prioritizing a medication that crosses the placenta (39.1 vs. 82.5%; aOR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.03–0.25) and needing supplemental insulin to achieve glycemic control (21.2 vs. 47.4%; aOR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.15–0.90). Individuals reported similarly high (mean score > 80%) levels of decisional comfort, personal satisfaction with medication decision-making, and satisfaction about their conversation with their provider about their medication decision with metformin and insulin (p ≥ 0.05 for all).

Conclusion Individuals with GDM requiring pharmacotherapy reported high levels of decision comfort and satisfaction with both metformin and insulin, although they expressed different priorities in medication decision-making. These results can inform future patient-centered GDM treatment strategies.

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