bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IJCM_342A: Nomophobia and its Relationship with Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Undergraduate Medical Students Of Murshidabad Medical College, West Bengal: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Ahamed Tousif , Ghosh Ritu , Das Malay Kumar , Das Dilip Kumar
Published: April 2024

Background:

The study aimed to estimate the magnitude of nomophobia, prevalence and degree of depression, anxiety and stress; the relationship between nomophobia and different mental health status; and also finding the correlates of nomophobia among undergraduate medical students.

Methodology:

This descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken in Murshidabad Medical College during September-November 2023, among a calculated sample of 222 undergraduate medical students selected through stratified random sampling. A self-reported English questionnaire comprising background characteristics, smartphone use related characteristics; and validated nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) and depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS) were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0.

Results:

Among the study participants 13.1%, 72.1% and 14.8% had mild, moderate and severe nomophobia respectively. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress were 54.5%, 69.4% and 37.4% respectively. Multivariable binary logistic regression revealed that students aged less than 21 years (AOR: 6.088; 95% CI: 2.053- 18.055), students belonging to joint family (AOR: 6.836; 95% CI: 2.392-19.537) and daily average time spent on smartphone more than 5 hours (AOR:5.314; 95% CI: 1.919-14.721) were at higher risk of developing severe nomophobia. Correlation analysis revealed depression was significantly correlated with Nomophobia (Spearman rho:0.200, p value:0.003).

Conclusion:

Nomophobia is quite prevalent among medical students with varying degree of severity. Mental health status specially depression is correlated with nomophobia. Findings suggests the need for supporting the holistic well-being of medical students through proper health education strategies and workshops on mental health.
IJCM_344A: A Mixed-Methods Study On The Health Literacy Of School Teachers On The Mental Health Concerns, Coping Mechanisms, And Support Systems Of School- Age Adolescents In Puducherry India
Authors: Manjubairavi T. , Kumar Thiruselva D , Iswaryar
Published: April 2024

Background:

The major challenges in addressing the adolescents with MHDs are lack of early identification, suitable interventions and treatment gap. Teachers are in the front lines of providing care, as students spend the majority of their early adolescence in school, where they endure social challenges.

Objective:

The study investigated teachers’ mental health literacy and their capacity in assisting their students, in addition to current levels of knowledge, awareness, and comfort in addressing students’ mental health concerns.

Methodology:

A Mixed Methods study with an Explanatory Sequential Design was conducted, among Puducherry’s rural and urban schools using a validated questionnaire among students and in-depth interviews with teachers in instructional and further administrative roles, focus groups involving students and teachers separately to collect qualitative data. In SPSS 21, adjusted odds ratios (OR) for MHDs were computed using ordinal logistic regression. The qualitative data was analysed both deductively and inductively using NVivo 12.

Results:

One in ten demonstrated prosocial behaviours, while over half of them battled with peer, emotional, conduct, and hyperactivity issues. Thematic analysis linked MHDs primarily lack of domestic support, financial difficulties, close relationships, and bullying. Substance abuse and isolation were coping mechanisms, which had a negative effect on academic performance. Qualitatively, teachers reported feeling overburdened and stressed, because they lacked the comfort and knowledge to deal with students’ mental health. Though most teachers believe there is a clear need for better mental health care in schools, many demonstrated a strong interest in professional development in this area.

Conclusion:

Restructuring the school health program promptly, adding mental health education to school curricula and creating surveillance data on adolescents’ mental health are essential. We need school environments that are favourable of positive mental health because many MHD triggers happen there.
IJCM_346A: The Impact of Depression and Its Associated Factors in Sleep Among General Population in Perambalur- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aswin A , Sivashakthimani
Published: April 2024

Background:

Sleep which is directly related to health and quality of life is a basic need for human beings to continue their bio-psycho-social and cultural functions. Sleep deprivation appears to have both global and specific effects on cognition, presumably due to the differential susceptibility of various functionally interdependent brain systems to sleep loss. Sleep deprivation can deteriorate general health and is known to be the reason for the development of several co-morbidities such as diabetes and obesity, and hypertension.

Objective:

To assess the quality of sleep among the general population in Perambalur and investigate the relationship between depression and sleep quality.

Methodology:

A Cross-Sectional study was conducted between December 2022 to February 2023 in Perambalur municipality for the General public. A pre-tested semi-structured proforma was used to collect data. The objective was assessed using a questionnaire made up with the help of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (to assess sleep), and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (to assess depression). Data were collected and analysed after obtaining informed consent. Data analyses were done by using the chi-square test. For the comparison of sleep and depression multivariable logistic regression is used.

Results:

In this study with 650 participants 41.4% are male and around 73.8% had higher education. Those with minimal depression are 59.2% and those having good sleep are 78.2%. The participants who had organised work had no depression (67.1%) which is statistically significant

Conclusion:

The conclusion showed that quality of sleep in general population was poor and had their depression levels were elevated. Depression was more prevalent among females. Researchers, government and corporate sectors are encouraged to assess the public well being, working hours, metal status of the people with awareness programs, camps and workshops.
IJCM_348A: Assessment of Quality of life, Mood Disorders and Sleepiness among Medical and Engineering students- A comparative study in MGM campus, Aurangabad.
Authors: Pahune Vishal
Published: April 2024

Background:

College students, who are in a phase of transition from adolescence to adulthood, are in the most Challenging phase of life. Stress is one of the most important determinant of health & its Prevalence of stress has varies from 53.6 to 73.5 in Indian medical students. QOL is assessed by calculating 4 domains namely Physical, Psychological, Social and Environmental domain, Rationale of the study is to Due to Competitive environment among students they are at greater risk of Stress, Depression and anxiety. Present study compares the quality of life as well as mood status of Medical and Engineering Students in MGM campus

Objective:

1. To study the effect of professional course on the Quality of life and mood disorders among Undergraduate medical and engineering students. 2. To compare QOL in medical and engineering students 3. To assess the mood disorders like stress, depression, anxiety among undergraduates of medical and engineering college. 4. To study daytime sleepiness among participants.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional Comparative research design was adopted that includes Medical Students and Engineering Students of Mahatma Gandhi Mission Campus. 25 students of each year (1st, 2nd, 3rd & 4th.) of Medical and Engineering. Inclusion Criteria: - Both genders, willing to give consent. Exclusion Criteria: - none. Study conducted in July 2023 to Sept. 2023. Pre- structured Questionnaire was used to collect the data. Quality of life was assessed using WHOQOL-BREF which is an international cross-sectional assessment instrument. Data was conducted by personal interview. Our sample size is 200

Results:

Mean values & ranges of QOL are as following, Physical domain 57.4(32.1-93.6), psychological domain 65(16.6-95.8), Social domain 63.4(30-95.7), Environmental domain 67.4 (28.1-100).

Conclusion:

We found out that maximum number of students had significant mood disturbances and poor quality of life. Medical students were weak in all the three domains when compared to engineering students.
IJCM_349A: Uncovering the hidden burden: a mixed-methods study on the implementation of depression screening among persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in an urban primary care setting
Authors: Pracheth R , Trivedi Ojaswini
Published: April 2024

Background:

Diabetes is linked with depression, but screening rates for depression are low, indicating a need for periodic screening among those with diabetes

Objective:

The study aims to determine depression prevalence and associated factors in persons with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in an urban primary care setting of Karnataka, as well as implementation challenges in depression screening for persons with T2DM as perceived by healthcare providers

Methodology:

We carried out a mixed-methods study over a period of six months at an Urban Primary Health Centre (UPHC) in Bengaluru. Depression screening was carried out in 110 persons with T2DM using Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Key Informant Interviews were carried out among various health care providers of the UPHC. Data was captured using EpiCollect Version 5.0. Univariate logistic regression was carried out to find the factors associated with depression.

Results:

Of the 110 participants, 60 (54.5%) screened positive for depression. Duration of diabetes (95% CI=0.203,0.943; P=0.035); presence of comorbidities (Odds Ratio=3.226; 95% CI=1.362,7.638; P=0.008), presence of complications (Odds Ratio=3.000; 95% CI=1.341,6.713; P=0.008) were found to be significantly associated with depression. The key facilitators for screening were willingness to implement screening, empathetic attitude, and awareness of mental health whereas the challenges included lack of training in mental health assessment and patient reluctance to adhere to treatment due to stigma.

Conclusion:

More than half the study participants screened positive for depression, with significant associations found between depression and duration of diabetes, comorbidities, and complications. Several challenges in implementing depression screening for T2DM in primary care settings were noted.
IJCM_35A: Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence against infertile women in central India
Authors: Katole Ashwini , Saoji Ajeet , Ruikar Manisha
Published: April 2024

Background:

Infertility is a public health issue affecting a large part of the world’s population. Violence against women, Spousal or intimate partner violence is the most common form of domestic violence; a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Especially sexual violence, is one of the most pressing public health concerns affecting women today.

Objective:

To estimate the prevalence of spousal violence, various types of spousal violence and factors associated with it among reproductive age group women.

Methodology:

This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in Urban Health Training Centre area of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nagpur, India among married women between 15-49 years of age. The reproductive age group women were 3985 according to health survey done by UHTC. Out of which the data was collected in a sample of 82 infertile women by face-to-face interview and analysed using SPSS v22. Predesign pretested questioner use for data collection. The ethical consideration was taken from the institute for the study.

Results:

The prevalence of spousal violence among reproductive age group (15-49 years) women was found to be 79.7%; emotional violence (64.1%) being the most common, followed by physical (71.2%) and sexual (53.6%) violence in that order

Conclusion:

Infertility and associated domestic violence is a significant public health issue, it would be necessary to pay attention to infertile women to ensure the quality of their of reproductive health.
IJCM_350A: Tobacco Abuse Among Adolescents in Shivamogga
Authors: Mallya Ajay , Koppad Raghavendraswamy , Kumar Praveen N
Published: April 2024

Background:

Tobacco and alcohol are very commonly used by the youth in urban and rural areas. NFHS-3 data shows that, among adolescents, 29% and 4% is the prevalence of tobacco use among males and females respectively. These numbers represent the overall usage of tobacco in some form, either cigarette, beedis or gutka. Studies have also shown a direct relationship between depression and prevalence of higher daily smoking rates.

Objective:

To estimate the prevalence of tobacco abuse among adolescents

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 700 adolescent boys and girls aged 16-19 years in rural and urban field areas of SIMS Shivamogga from August 2020 to September 2020. A pre-tested semi structured questionnaire which included questions on demographic details and tobacco consumption was used to collect data. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel spread sheet. SPSS (Version 21) was used to perform statistical analysis. Results were expressed in terms of frequency and percentages.

Results:

The prevalence of smoking among urban and rural adolescents was 9.1% and 11.1% respectively. Pan masala was the most common form of smokeless tobacco used.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents in Shivamogga aligns consistently with findings observed in comparable studies conducted across various regions of India.
IJCM_351A: A study on Internet use and its association with psychopathology of Sleep among: students at a Government Medical college in Koppal, Karnataka
Authors: Nimbannavar Smita M
Published: April 2024

Background:

Internet addiction has become a very common disorder because of which youngsters are wasting a lot of time, becoming irritable and depressed and having poor academic/ work performance and are becoming victims of social isolation. College students have easy access to internet and so there is high chance of higher prevalence of Internet addiction among them. By studying the association of internet usage and its impact on sleep we can set boundaries for early warning signs of underlying psychopathology at the earliest.

Objective:

The Objectives of the study were: 1) To estimate the prevalence of Internet addiction among medical students in the study setting, 2) To estimate the prevalence of psychopathology in sleep pattern among medical students in the study setting, and 3) To determine the impact of Internet addiction on psychopathology in sleep pattern among them.

Methodology: :

A cross sectional study was conducted among medical students at a Government Medical college, Koppal, Karnataka for a duration of 3 months from June 2023 to August 2023. Data collection was done using a pretested and semi structured questionnaire (shared through Google form) consisting of questionnaires of Internet addiction test (IAT) to assess Internet use and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess quality of sleep among them along with socio demographic and other relevant details. Statistical analysis was done using WHO Epi info software version 3.5.4.

Results:

The prevalence of Internet addiction among medical students was 286 (57.2%) and was found to be mild, moderate and severe in 214 (42.8%), 68 (13.6%) and 4 (0.8%) of students respectively. Quality of sleep was disturbed in 270 (54%) of students according to PSQI. The study found significant association between Internet addiction among medical students and quality of sleep among them

Conclusion:

Need for Behavior change communication strategies to reduce unnecessary use of Internet.
IJCM_353A: Association between Intimate Partner Violence and Substance Use : A Narrative Review
Authors: Pundhir Ashish , Das Semanti , Sharma Nitika , Ganguly Anwesha , Gehlawat Pratibha
Published: April 2024

Background:

Exposure to intimate partner violence can have lasting mental and physical health consequences and often goes unreported because lack of accessibility or awareness about assured care points for the victims of the same. Substance use can be a risk factor for both perpetrating IPV and being a victim of IPV. Community health-care facilities can prove to be a valuable care point for identifying victims of IPV if the available literature supports the hypothesis that substance use disorders are an important associated factor for IPV.

Objective:

To identify the substance use correlates of Intimate Partner Violence against women

Methodology:

A review of the available literature was done covering a period from 2000-2020 in English language across Google Scholar and PubMed. Primary studies and secondary analysis studies about association of IPV against females with substance use disorders were included. The review included both quantitative (cross-sectional, longitudinal) and qualitative articles.

Results:

After full text reading, 27 articles met screening criteria. The prevalence of intimate partner violence among females when their partner had a history of substance use ranged from 20.9 %to 90%. Substance use which included alcohol, tobacco, heroin, khat and other recreational drugs were consistently related to intimate partner violence. IPV involved emotional, physical and sexual violence. It was found that many victims of IPV turn to substance use or have a history of the same.

Conclusion:

There is a relation between substance use and intimate partner violence. This can prove to be beneficial in directing future efforts towards the development of policies and awareness regarding identification and integrated treatments for co-occurring partner violence and substance use disorders.
IJCM_357A: Smartphone addiction and physical activity among students of a Medical College in Bengaluru-a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dinesh Indu , Ravish K S , Ranganath T S
Published: April 2024

Background:

Smartphones have become an indispensable necessity for medical students because of their various demands and comforts. The excessive use of smartphones may lead to addiction which can negatively affect physical and mental health including physical activity. The relationship between smartphone addiction and physical activity needs exploration. Hence this study was undertaken to assess the magnitude of smartphone addiction and to explore its association with physical activity among students of a medical college in Bengaluru.

Objective:

To assess smartphone addiction and its association with physical activity among students of a medical college in Bengaluru.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute. Based on a study done in Maharashtra(p=46.15%), the sample size was calculated as 382. Study subjects were recruited by stratified random sampling and probability-proportional to size sampling was used to select study participants across various strata. Data was collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Smartphone addiction was assessed by smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV) and physical activity by international physical activity questionnaire-short form (IPAQ-SF). The data collected was entered in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS 21.0.

Results:

Among 382 students 164(43%) were found to have smartphone addiction. The primary use of smartphones was for social networking. Physical activity, duration of smartphone usage, and use of the smartphone right before sleeping were associated significantly with smartphone addiction.

Conclusion:

The problem of smartphone addiction has reached an alarming level. There is a need to create awareness about the problem and plan effective strategies to address it.
IJCM_360A: Do Body Image Concerns Affect Our Adolescent girls? A Cross-sectional Study among female undergraduate medical students in Guntur medical college.
Authors: Kancharla Sai Sreenivas , Vishnunandan  , Sitarama A.
Published: April 2024

Background:

People’s thoughts and feelings about their own bodies are related to their body image. Adolescents want to gain or lose weight in order to achieve the ideal physique in today’s culture due to the developing notion of ideal body image. Because there are currently few studies on body image, this research aims to fill in the gaps in our understanding of the still-developing field of body image perception.

Objectives:

1. To find out the proportion of girls dissatisfied about body image. 2. To find the association of various factors with body image dissatisfaction and to ascertain the weight control behaviours adopted by adolescent medical under graduate students.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was done among 300 medical undergraduate college girls in Guntur medical college. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on various factors associated with body image dissatisfaction. Body mass index (BMI) of the participants was calculated.

Results:

Body image dissatisfaction was there among 65.3% of the girls. It was found that factors such as higher BMI, sociocultural pressure to be thin and depression were all significantly associated with body image dissatisfaction. The most commonly followed weight control behaviours were eating small meals and skipping meals. Improving the appearance and body shape were the main reasons for weight control behaviour.

Conclusion:

This study establishes the fact that body image dissatisfaction is no longer a western concept and affects Indian adolescent girls to a great extent. Hence, effective interventions have to be planned to increase awareness on ideal body weight and protect our young generation from pressures of negative body image.
IJCM_365A: A prospective study on the safety and clinical efficacy of rabies monoclonal antibodies for post exposure prophylaxis in suspected animal exposures at the anti rabies clinic of KIMS Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore
Authors: Poornima M K , Ravish H S , Sowmyashree U , Poornima M K
Published: April 2024

Background:

Rabies immunoglobulins will provide timely passive immunity after exposure to suspected rabid animals along with thorough wound wash and full course of anti-rabies vaccination. The products include human derived RIG (HRIG) and equine derived RIG (ERIG), both having certain constraints for usage. In contrast, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produced by recombinant technology, have shown superiority in availability, safety and purity. Therefore, RmAb are an alternative to RIG for passive immunity component of post exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Only two products i.e., RabiShield (single human mAb) & Twinrab (cocktail of two mAbs) have been merchandised in Indian market. WHO has recommended monitoring the clinical use and outcomes of RmAb products for rabies PEP

Objective:

To assess the safety and clinical efficacy of presently available rabies monoclonal antibodies for post exposure prophylaxis

Methodology:

All the patients with category III exposure visiting the study site and consenting for the study were included. The details pertaining to socio demographic profile, details of biting animal, characteristics of bite wound, wound wash, details of active & passive immunization and details of adverse events following PEP were collected using a case record form. All the study subjects were followed up for the occurrence of any delayed reactions and further upto six months to know the clinical efficacy of PEP.

Results:

The present study included 475 animal bite victims. Among them 41.2 % were children, 49.6% were adults and 9.01 % were elderly. The ADEs among Rabishield and TwinRab were 3.18 % & 2.12 % respectively and the difference among them were not statistically significant. ADEs among all the patients receiving both RmAbs were mild and subsided without any complications. All the study subjects were healthy and alive after six months after PEP confirming clinical efficacy.

Conclusion:

The presently available RmAbs are safe and clinically effective in preventing rabies in suspected exposures
IJCM_369A: Notification of malaria and dengue outbreaks during COVID-19 pandemic: A secondary analysis of weekly IDSP reporting
Authors: Babu Ullas Sathya , Hegde Pavithra , Bhargavi Madhavi
Published: April 2024

Background:

Like many other diseases, vector borne diseases related health activities got affected during COVID-19 due to disruption in health services. The preventive measures, vector surveillance, diagnostics, early diagnosis, and management are likely to have been affected.

Objective:

To explore the vector-borne disease trends as outbreaks from January 2021 to December 2023 using weekly reports of Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP).

Methodology:

We used the secondary data of the weekly reports of IDSP weekly reports from Jan 2020 Dec 2023. We included dengue and malaria as two important diseases to represent the prevailing vector borne diseases in the country. The outbreak data collected were entered in MS Excel and reported as frequency and proportions to visualize the time trends during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:

The outbreaks of malaria were found to occur mainly in the second half of the year with 63% and 80% outbreaks in the years 2020 and 2021 respectively, coinciding with the onset of monsoons. Maximum number of outbreaks was reported in the year of 2021, followed by 2022 with number of outbreaks being 20 and 19 respectively. Maximum number of dengue outbreaks were reported in the year 2021 followed by year 2022 with the numbers being 114 and 81 respectively. The year 2020 had around half the number of outbreaks as of the year 2022 (42 outbreaks). The first half of the year 2023 reported 25 outbreaks.

Conclusion:

Both malaria and dengue had maximum number of outbreaks in the year 2021 followed by a slight dip in the year 2022. At the onset of pandemic, the number of outbreaks were quite less compared to the subsequent years, probably due to the lockdown imposed.
IJCM_37A: Perception and knowledge regarding poly-cystic ovarian syndrome among health science students in Mangalore
Authors: Rathee Dipanshu , Priya Aditi , Gupta Aviral , Rajeev Akshara , Grover Shuchi , Motappa Rohith , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh , Rao Mithun
Published: April 2024

Background:

The incidence of PCOS among females is increasing. Awareness among women about PCOS can help in early diagnosis and prevention by making lifestyle modifications. Lifestyle modifications not only help in prevention of disease but also in managing the symptoms and complications.

Objectives:

1. To find out the perception regarding PCOS among students of different courses. 2. To assess the knowledge about PCOS among students

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study on Undergraduate medical, dental and allied health sciences students enrolled in KMC, Mangalore and MCODS, Mangalore

Results:

12.6% of the students had a family history of PCOS. 85% of the students have heard about PCOS. Out of the people who have heard about PCOS 20% have been diagnosed with it. Out of the people who have heard about PCOS, most of the students knew that PCOS is associated with irregular periods, infertility, mood swings and hormonal disturbances.

Conclusion:

Awareness about PCOS is maximum among MBBS students followed by AHS and then BDS students.
IJCM_371A: Patterns of patient self-identification of ailments: A cross-sectional study from tertiary care centers in Mangalore
Authors: Rekha T , Menon Lakshmi , Sinnaswamy Ajay , Sarkar Ravishankar , Nambiar Pooja , Patoary Tapendu , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh
Published: April 2024

Background:

Self-diagnosis is the process of determining a disease or disorder without seeking medical care. Advances in technology have made it easier for patients to get medical information online, fostering self-diagnosis and doctor cross-examination. The aim of this study is to estimate the proportion of study respondents who use the internet and other sources for self-diagnosis and explore their attitudes concerning self-diagnosis.

Methodology:

This cross- sectional study was conducted among 186 participants from hospitals affiliated to Kasturba Medical college, Mangalore (Govt Wenlock hospital and KMC Hospital, Attavar). The data was collected using a semi-structured, internally validated questionnaire- consisting of 3 sections: 1) General information of study participants 2A) Questions on self- diagnosis through different sources 2B) On their attitudes concerning self-diagnosis. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results were expressed in descriptive statistics.

Results:

This study on self-diagnosis was conducted among OPD attendees and found a mean age of 31 years, with 66.0 % males and 34.0 % females. Majority (98.4%) had media access, in which 67.7% online media for self-diagnosis. Specific diseases like cancer and infectious disease were common search topics (76.3%). One third of the total participants reported they have done online search for ailments related to their relatives or friends. Around 61.3% considered their sources reliable, while 50.5% intended to continue self-diagnosing. Notably, 61.3% made correct self- diagnoses which were confirmed later after the physical consultation with their treating physician, particularly among participants under 25 with higher education.

Conclusion:

Due to the development of artificial intelligence and internet access, even non-medical people are now searching the media for medical issues. Although there is a growing dependence on internet resources, most individuals still say they trust in future self-diagnosis but still prefer visiting a doctor rather than self-medicating. To educate the public about the risks associated with self-diagnosis and the purchase of over-the-counter medications, community-based behavioral change communication should be employed.
IJCM_372A: Perceptions regarding menstruation and practices during menstrual cycles among women with disability in Sarjapur PHC area, Anekal Taluk, Bengaluru urban district- A mixed method study
Authors: Bency L , Shanbhag Deepthi N
Published: April 2024

Background:

Menstruation has always been surrounded by different perceptions throughout the world. Women with disability (WwD) face greater challenges in managing their menstruation hygienically and with dignity. It is essential to know the perceptions of WwD and their practices as they can be more vulnerable to infections.

Objective:

To assess the perceptions regarding menstruation and practices during menstrual cycles among WwD in a rural area of Bengaluru urban district.

Methodology:

This mixed-method study was done among WwD in the reproductive age group residing in a rural area of Bengaluru. A sample of 100 WwD were recruited for the quantitative part of the study using convenient sampling. Trained research assistants administered the study questionnaire comprising demography, knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) during menstrual cycles. The qualitative part comprised of focus-group-discussions and in-depth-interviews among WwD and their caretakers.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 27(±10.5) years, 15% were illiterate, 35% had locomotor-disability, 10% had multiple-disabilities, 18% severe disability and 9% were dependant on others during menstruation. Among WwD, 73% had knowledge about menstruation before attaining menarche, 94% felt that menstruation was a physiological process, 76% used sanitary pad during menstruation. The knowledge score ranged 0-7 with a mean of 5.19(±1.69). The attitude score ranged 5-25 with the mean being 14.89(±7.08) and practice score ranged 0-5 with mean of 2.19 (±0.79). Broad qualitative themes identified were, awareness on menstrual hygiene, challenges faced due to disability, social support and cultural practices. Qualitative findings revealed that women with physical disability were hesitant to step out fearing staining of clothes. Women raised concerns about a lack of autonomy when caregivers changed their pads.

Conclusion:

The perception among WwD regarding menstruation was found to be satisfactory but practices were inadequate. The WwD have been educated about safe and hygienic practices.
IJCM_379A: Inductive Thematic Analysis of responses obtained for SOAR Analysis of self by Community Medicine Professionals enrolled in Foundation Course on Leadership in public Health
Authors: Kalra Aastha , Varma Aditya
Published: April 2024

Background:

Foundation Course on Leadership in Public health is a newer initative of IAPSM association to generate Public Health Leaders. SOAR is an acronym for Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations and Results. Tough SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis is a comprehensive approach and SOAR is a positivist approach still it was chosen as the task because aspirational goals are important in initial phase of an organizational or self-leadership. Risk Mitigation as facilitated by SWOT is required at a later stage. Also, SOAR is a proactive approach in interest of initiation of leadership. Also, SOAR is a less used and newer approach so it would have been a new learning for the participants and moderators as well.

Objective:

To qualiatatively understand responses obtained for self SOAR analysis by the participants.

Methodology:

The moderators obtained responses of the participants and analysed the exact verbatim as first order themes. further second order and higher order themes were generated by conseus of both the authors. these themes were further classified into SOAR categories.

Results:

The strengths of SOAR analysis were themed under categories of interpersonal skills, learning and adaptibility, leadership management, adapatbility and flexibilty. Major themes categorised under their aspirations were education, communication and leadership

Conclusion:

Young Public Health professional are seeking opportunities for career advancement, leadership anf public health research.
IJCM_38A: Impact of perinatal death audit on healthcare delivery in two districts of Karnataka- A health system intervention research
Authors: Kamath Nutan , Baliga B. Shantaram , Rao Suchetha S. , Kushtagi Pralhad , Harsha H. N.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Perinatal mortality is a sensitive indicator of maternal and child health care. However, there is no universal perinatal death (PND) audit system in India.

Objective:

To identify the impact of the proposed model of PND audit on health care delivery in two districts of Karnataka.

Methodology:

Hospitals with maternal and child care facilities which met inclusion criteria in Dakshina Kannada (DK- high performing) and Koppal (low performing) districts were included after institutional ethics committee approval and permission from Mission Director, National Health Mission, Directorate of Heath and Family Welfare Services, Government of Karnataka. The healthcare delivery system was analyzed in both districts. A PND audit system was designed. All neonatal deaths during the study period were analyzed by an expert committee (Local senior pediatricians and obstetricians). Following variables were studied: (i) Documentation and reporting systems in these hospitals; (ii) Role of health care personnel in documentation and reporting (iii) Existing system of audit, if any. Doctors feedback, in-depth interviews, death certification analysis, risk analysis, PND reporting format, expert committee feedback, medical social worker feedback, data from district health office were recorded and analysed. The changes in documentation, information yield, reporting of PND, time taken for submitting death report and changes in infrastructure in facilities in the two time periods of 6 months was analysed.

Results:

Significant changes were recorded in documentation of care delivered in the facility specially in Koppal district. There was an increase in reporting of PND in the second half. The PND audit assisted in preventability of death assertion. Improved data resulted in better performance of expert committee, thereby reducing the proportion of unclassified segment of neonatal deaths. There was significant improvement in infrastructure in the health facilities.

Conclusion:

Auditing perinatal deaths had a positive impact at point of care resulting in improved documentation, reporting and infrastructure upgradation.
IJCM_380A: Shaping Medical Assessment with Expert Consensus: A Theory-Based: Summative Evaluation Blueprint for Community Medicine
Authors: Haripriya H , Kumar Pragya , Ahmad Shamshad , Haripriya H
Published: April 2024

Background:

Despite their constraints and failure to adhere to evaluation criteria, conventional written assessment methods are still widely and often used in many medical colleges. The partiality and inclination of the topic setter are apparent. This results in the overrepresentation of certain themes while leaving many others neglected. Every examiner possesses their own bias and tends to construct questions according to their specific areas of expertise. The distribution and arrangement of the questions are still ambiguous for learners. Several authors have suggested comprehensive evaluation frameworks for different levels of cognitive domains.

Objective:

This study sought to create a theory-based summative evaluation blueprint by involving experts from the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences.

Methodology:

Twenty-five experts from 10 All India Institutes of Medical Science were invited via email and contributed for summative assessment for a theory paper. Each week, the study lead team sent an online form containing 25 topics. A total of 269 topics were selected to be included in the blueprint development. An Impact and Frequency score was obtained for each topic, with a score between 1 and 3 for both its “Impact (I)” and “Frequency” (F).

Results:

The overall response rate was 71%. “Principle of epidemiology” (14.7%) had the most weight, followed by “Epidemiology of communicable disease” (13.4%) and “National Health Program” (10%). These three chapters constituted more than one-third of the total weight of the summative assessment (theory). 20 out of 24 (83%) chapters have moderate-to-good interrater reliability.

Conclusion:

The proposed blueprint will serve as a reference for setting the question paper and will impart objectivity, uniformity, and validity to the construction of the written assessment tool.
IJCM_382A: Awareness regarding use of menstrual cups among female college students in Mangalore
Authors: Jain Animesh , Kotian Himani , Agrawal Narayani , Swarna Sindhu
Published: April 2024

Background:

Menstruation is a normal body function requiring proper menstrual hygiene products. There are many products available for management of mensuration among which one of the most undervalued products is the menstrual cup. Despite all of the many sustainable advantages it offers, the use of menstrual cup is limited to not even 10 percent of menstruating women

Objective:

1. To assess the knowledge of usage of menstrual cups amongst female non-medical students. 2. To evaluate the willingness to use menstrual cups amongst female non-medical students

Methodology:

The study was conducted in non-health science colleges of Mangalore. The participants were undergraduate female students. Non-random convenient sampling was used and the study was conducted in March 2022. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was created using Google Forms. Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval and permission from college authorities was obtained prior to commencement of study.

Results:

Majority of students had heard about a menstrual cup (92.1%) but 87.7% of the participants used sanitary pads and only 4.6% used menstrual cups. After obtaining knowledge from the study, 45% of the participants agreed to use a menstrual cup if available and 46.9% would recommend it to their family and friends. Menstrual cup knowledge was found to be significantly correlated with study course (p=0.043) and current sanitary product use (p=0.001).

Conclusion:

The main concerns regarding menstrual cups among participants were limited knowledge, discomfort, and limited availability. Many participants had no idea about menstruation cups and it’s functioning and method to dispose of them.
IJCM_383A: Sociodemographic and fertility profile of post-natal women attending tertiary care hospitals in Mangaluru: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rekha T , Rayen Noel , Hegde Kausthubh , Bhat K. Nishantha , Holla Varun , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh
Published: April 2024

Background:

The Indian census highlights persistent challenges in achieving balanced sex ratios, attributed to factors like female neglect, sex-selective abortion, and societal preferences for sons. These preferences stem from economic, religious, and social norms, perpetuating gender disparities. Despite national efforts, skewed sex ratios persist, particularly in regions like Haryana and Punjab. However, some areas, like Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka, exhibit more favorable sex ratios, reflecting progress in gender equality. Overall, sex ratio improvement signifies societal health and equity in population distribution. This study aims to explore the socio demographic and fertility profile of post-natal women & factors affecting to gender preference among the study population.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 155 multiparous post-natal women, who were admitted in Lady Goshen Hospital and Kasturba Medical College, Attavar, Affiliated to Kasturba Medical college, Mangalore. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results were expressed using descriptive statistics and proportions.

Results:

In the study of postnatal women, the recent delivery of outcome was 84 females and 71 males and only 50.9% were aware of contraceptive methods, with condoms and IUCDs being most common among them. Despite this, 78.0% of respondents still perceive female feticide as prevalent. Son preference remains prominent, with 57.0% preferring a daughter as the second child if the first child is a son, and 75.0% desiring a son if the first child is a daughter, indicating a stronger bias towards sons.

Conclusions:

While most prefer two children, preferences for the second child vary based on the gender of the first child, reflecting societal gender biases. Superstitions regarding gender prediction were noted but deemed insignificant. The attitude of the mothers in study settings is comparative with the favorable sex ratios in the district.
IJCM_384A: Sudden death due to a ruptured ectopic: An Autopsy case
Authors: Padubidri Jagadish Rao
Published: April 2024

Background:

An Ectopic pregnancy occurs when fertilized ovum is implanted outside the uterine cavity. Typically, the site of this ectopic pregnancy is the Fallopian tube in about 93-97% of ectopic pregnancies. Only 50% of patients present with the classic clinical triad of ectopic pregnancy i.e., pain, amenorrhea, and vaginal bleeding. It is extremely important to diagnose a case of ectopic pregnancy to prevent rupture and internal bleeding

Case Report:

A 35-year-old Female, was brought to a hospital, gasping, complaining of pain abdomen, and abdominal distension. Pulses could not be felt, GCS was 3/15, blood pressure was not recordable. She was shifted to the Intensive Care Unit and intubated. Fluid correction was attempted and ionotopes were started. USG abdomen showed a hemoperitoneum, pelvic hematoma, and ruptured right adnexa. The patient was taken up for an emergency laprotomy and had a cardiac arrest on table, but could not be resuscitated. Following an Medicolegal case the body was subjected for postmortem examination, the relevant findings at autopsy will be discussed.
IJCM_385A: Establishment of a CKD Screening and treatment program at a secondary care hospital in rural Karnataka - A case study
Authors: Kirthinath Ballala A B
Published: April 2024

Background:

With the rapidly increasing incidence of kidney disease due to the rise in non- communicable diseases like diabetes and hypertension in India, a felt need for easily accessible Dialysis unit was found during the community assessment. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) education and screening program was also proposed to be established along with this to improve awareness and early detection. This would help in health system strengthening and prevent patients from travelling to far away locations for the dialysis sessions.

Objective:

1. To conduct CKD education and screening camps in rural areas of Karkala taluk

Methodology:

The project was implemented for a duration of 12 months starting from July 2021. Camps were held along with help from local clubs & Rotary Club. The following blood tests were carried out: Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Random Blood Sugar (RBS) or Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Serum Creatinine and Lipid Profile. These tests were done free of cost for all camp attendees. If the parameters were found to be abnormal, they were referred to Dr TMA Pai Rotary Hospital, Karkala for confirmation of the diagnosis and further management. Along with screening, Health education sessions were also be carried out to create awareness regarding diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease among the rural population. The Dialysis unit was set up with 3 dialysis machines with funding from Rotary International under the Global Grant scheme. Dialysis was provided at subsidized to Below Poverty Line (BPL) patients.

Results:

A total of 10 CKD screening & awareness camps were held during the project period. A total of 588 patients were screened. 132 were referred for further management. 8 patients were referred for Dialysis. Average of 170 dialysis sessions are carried out per months. 805 participants attended the training sessions.

Conclusion:

Similar set ups in rural areas will help in early detection of CKD and make dialysis more affordable and accessible.
IJCM_386A: Indications and Outcomes of patients under Mechanical Ventilation in a Tertiary Care hospital
Authors: Darshan BB , Chakravarty Srishti , Kumar Manish , Attam Kirti , Raju Salima , Ashish Sharad
Published: April 2024

Background:

Mechanical ventilation is the technique through which gas is moved toward and from the lungs through an external device connected directly to the patient. Information about the mortality if patients requiring mechanical ventilation is important because it allows for better counseling of patients and their families.

Objectives:

To study the outcome in patients receiving mechanical ventilation for specific indications.

Methodology:

Patients on mechanical ventilation in Government Wenlock Hospital. It is a retrospective record-based study—a semi-structured questionnaire including all complete information from pre-recorded case sheets prepared after an extensive review of the literature. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 29.

Results:

The mean age was 45 years. Other details of patients suffering from Chronic kidney disease, Acute Kidney Injury, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, Head injuries, shock, pulmonary edema, and Pneumothorax mainly. The majority of the patients who received mechanical ventilation were below 40 years of age (37.7%). A major reason for the initiation of mechanical ventilation was pneumonia (22.3%), Sepsis (25.4%), and ARDS (16.9%). AKI (N= 12), CKD (N=9), Shock (N=7), and MODS (N=6) were the major under ‘others. The type of ventilation used in the majority of the cases was invasive (87.7%) The type of ventilation used in most cases was of invasive type (87.7%).

Conclusion:

Even after providing mechanical ventilation, high number of patients succumbed to the complications.