bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decaimiento de coliformes fecales en lagunas aireadas de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales en Lima metropolitana
Authors: Dávila Morán Roberto Carlos , Choque Flores Leopoldo , Palomino Quispe Justiniano Felix , Requis Carbajal Luis Villar , Clemente Condori Luis Jimmy , Zapana Diaz Domingo
Published: June 2023

A nivel mundial, el 44% de las aguas residuales domésticas no se tratan de forma segura, la recolección y tratamiento de aguas residuales, se ha convertido en un desafío, particularmente en áreas urbanas de bajos ingresos dentro de los países en desarrollo, donde las aguas residuales pueden fluir sin tratar a transportes de aguas pluviales o canales de drenaje informales. No es raro encontrar efluentes, desechos sólidos, excretas humanas y descargas líquidas de industrias y hospitales en las aguas superficiales de muchas zonas urbanas de los países en desarrollo. El proceso de tratamiento de aguas residuales puede ser llevado en lagunas mediante reacciones tanto oxidativas como reductoras. En la capa superior de la laguna, donde las aguas residuales son aeróbicas, ocurre el mecanismo convencional de la demanda bioquímica de oxígeno aeróbico (DBO) y se produce la oxidación del amoníaco. La capa inferior de la laguna es anaerobia, y en esta zona tiene lugar la digestión de los sólidos del lodo, un intermedio, la zona facultativa permite la respiración con aceptores de electrones terminales distintos del oxígeno, esto permite reacciones como la desnitrificación. Los gases producidos en las zonas inferiores se estabilizan en la zona aeróbica por disolución oxígeno, y esto reduce los problemas de olores. Este estudio tiene como objetivo, estudiar el descenso de coliformes fecales en lagunas aireadas de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales en la ciudad de Lima, Perú. Los resultados señalan que la separación diferencial de las aguas tratadas, experimentó un descenso del 13 al 26% de coleiformes fecales en todas las lagunas de tratamiento.
Desarrollo de habilidades en salud ambiental en asentamientos humanos precarios de la zona de planificación territorial 2 de la parroquia rural Posorja, Guayaquil
Authors: Pérez Solís Luis , Villacreses Medina Mary , Zúñiga Llerena Marco , Salame Ortiz Verónica
Published: June 2023

Se estima que aproximadamente siete millones de personas mueren anualmente por la contaminación del aire ambiental y doméstico, debido a enfermedades no transmisibles, especialmente en zonas con servicios públicos precarios; además la infraestructura y condiciones de las viviendas o hacinamiento se han asociado a la aparición de enfermedades agudas y crónicas. En Ecuador, para el año 2010, se reportó más de 2,5 millones de personas en zonas de asentamientos irregulares con deficientes saneamiento ambiental. Se realizó un estudio experimental con la participación de 85 jefes de familia en las comunidades de La Unión, Nuestra señora de Lourdes, las Acacias y Brisa del mar, de la parroquia rural Posorja, del cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, para evaluar el desarrollo de habilidades de saneamiento ambiental. Para ello, se identificaron los problemas y las prioridades en salud ambiental, posteriormente se implementó el plan de desarrollo de habilidades en salud ambiental. Se observó deficiencias en cuanto a la construcción de viviendas, acceso al agua potable, disposición de excretas y desechos sólidos. Además, posterior a las jornadas de capacitación hubo un incremento en las habilidades cognoscitivas y prácticas en salud ambiental, al comparar con las competencias previas, especialmente en aspectos relacionados con el abastecimiento de agua potable, disposición de residuos sólidos y control de fauna nociva. Se logró fortalecer el desarrollo de habilidades en saneamiento ambiental de los habitantes, lo que incide en el mejoramiento de la salud pública y calidad de vida de las comunidades en estudio.
A model for predicting extrauterine tumor spread in patients with endometrial cancer
Authors: KARAYÜNLÜ Birkan , ÜNSAL Mehmet , KILIÇ Fatih , AKSOY Taner , ÇELİK Fatih , KILIÇ Çiğdem , TOKALIOGLU Abdurrahman Alp , KİMYON CÖMERT Günsu , TURAN Taner
Published: June 2023

A model for predicting extrauterine tumor spread in patients with endometrial cancer

Abstract

Background: The factors predicting extrauterine spread in patients undergoing staging surgery with the diagnosis of endometrial cancer were investigated.

Aims: The study aimed to create a model using demographic, surgical, and pathological factors to predict extrauterine spread.

Methods: Included in the study were 355 patients with a final diagnosis of endometrial cancer who underwent surgery for staging purposes. The effect of surgical-prognostic factors on extrauterine spread was analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results: Extrauterine spread was detected in 97 patients. A multivariate logistic regression model that was created to determine the factors affecting extrauterine spread identified the presence of lymphovascular invasion, cervical invasion, peritoneal cytology positivity and tumor type as independent factors. A model was created using these four independent risk factors. According to this model, the rate of extrauterine spread was 6.4% in patients who did not have the risk factors and 100% in patients who had all the risk factors (p
Vitamin D deficiency and pregnancy outcome: Does it have a role in preeclampsia etiology?
Authors: TUNC Mehmet , GÜNAKAN Emre , KATAR YILDIRIM Ceren , ÇİLEK Nurten , TAPKAN Canan , DALAY Onur
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency is higher in pregnancy and there is evidence on its relationship with various obstetric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between preeclampsia and vitamin D levels in pregnant women. Methods: This study included 1209 women. General characteristics, laboratory results and obstetric outcomes were evaluated. As globally accepted vitamin D deficiency was defined as
Evaluation of Children with Migraine: Three Years Experience
Authors: KARAKAYA Deniz , KAYILIOĞLU Hülya , ÖZTOPRAK Ülkühan , GENÇ SEL Çiğdem , AKSOY Erhan , DEDEOĞLU Özge , YÜKSEL Deniz
Published: June 2023

Background: Headache in pediatric age group is one of the common causes of admission to both general pediatrics and pediatric neurology outpatient clinics. The aim in this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings of our cases diagnosed with migraine.
Material and methods: Between 2013 and 2016, patients who applied to the Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Sami Ulus Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital and were diagnosed with migraine were included. Statistical comparison was made between subgroups, which were migraine with aura and migraine without aura.
Results: In present study, 11.6% of the patients who applied with the complaint of headache consisted of patients diagnosed with migraine. It was determined that 18.8% (n:27) of migraine patients were under the age of 10, and 81.3% (n:117) were over the age of 10. Forty-four (48.4%) female patients and 13 (24.5%) male patients had migraine with aura, and there was a statistically significant difference in terms of gender (p=0.008). Also there was a statistically significant difference between the mean age and gender of migraine patients with aura and migraine without aura (p=0.017).
Conclusion: Since migraine is a chronic disease which is observed more frequently than estimated during childhood. We shared the results of the findings that may make us think of the diagnosis of migraine at the first admission, and may also guide us for migraine with aura in a patient followed up with a diagnosis of migraine.
Göz Kuruluğu Şikayetiyle Başvuran Sjögren Sendromlu Hastalarda Anti-HCV Seroprevalansının Araştırılması
Authors: MUTLU YILMAZ Esmeray , OZGUR Gokhan
Published: June 2023

Amaç: Sjögren Sendromu (SS) esas olarak ekzokrin bezleri tutan ve tükrük ve gözyaşı bezlerinin tutulumu sonucu ağız ve gözlerin kuruluğu ile karakterize sistemik otoimmün bir hastalıktır. Hepatit C virüs (HCV) enfeksiyonu ile SS/sicca sendromu arasında anlamlı bir ilişki vardır. HCV hem SS’nun etyolojisinde suçlanmış hem de sicca sendromu HCV enfeksiyonunun karaciğer dışı belirtilerinden biri olarak gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Göz Hastalıkları kliniğine başvuran ve SS tanısı alan hastalarda Anti-HCV seroprevalansının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Veriler hastane otomasyon sisteminden retrospektif olarak elde edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Şubat 2017 ile Şubat 2023 tarihleri arasındaki göz polikliniğine başvuran ve sjögren sendromu tanısı ile siklosporin reçetelenen toplam 2281 hasta verisi elde edildi. Otomasyon sisteminden bu hastaların 521 tanesinin anti-HCV testi yapıldığı saptandı. Yedi hastada (%1,3) anti-HCV testi pozitif bulundu. Anti-HCV testi pozitif olanların olmayanlara göre yaş ortalamaları anlamlı oranda yüksek bulunurken cinsiyetler arasında fark bulunmadı.

Sonuç: Bu çalışmada kuru göz semptomu olan hastalarda anti-HCV pozitifliği genel populasyonla benzer bulunmuştur. Kuru göz semptomu olan tüm hastaların SS açısından değerlendirilmesi ve HCV enfeksiyonu ile birlikteliği akılda tutularak anti-HCV testlerinin yapılması daha sağlıklı veriler elde edilmesi açısından önemlidir.
Clinical and Radiological Results of Patients Treated with Talon Distalfix Femoral Intramedullary Nail for Femoral Shaft Fractures
Authors: DÜNDAR Abdulrahim , İPEK Deniz , KAYA Şehmuz , ZEHİR Sinan
Published: June 2023

Objective: Talon distalfix intramedullary nails have been developed as a solution to the technical difficulties experienced during the placement of locking screws. We aimed to evaluate the radiological and clinical results of retractable talon distal fix for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures.

Material and Method: Between January 2017 and January 2022, 28 patients with femoral shaft AO type 32-A and B fractures were treated with Talon distalfix nails. AO Type 32-A and B fractures were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, follow-up times, ASA of Anesthesiologists classification and fracture type were recorded. The duration of the operation, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy time (in min), and time to bone union were recorded. General and technical complications (nonunion, malunion, malrotation, and shortening) were evaluated. Clinical functional outcomes were evaluated using the Knee Injury and the Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Shortform (KOOS-PS), Hip Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Shortform (HOOS-PS) and Thoresen criteria.

Results: A total of 28 patients (11 female and 17 male) were included in the study. The mean age was 46.8 years and the mean follow-up was 23.7 months. . The mean time to bone union was 22.6 weeks. No nonunion was observed in any of the patients. The mean hospital stay was 3.4 days and the mean Body Mass Index was 24.2. The mean operation time was 40.3±3.4 minutes and the mean scope time was 26.9 seconds. The mean KOOS-PS score and HOOS-PS were 83.4 and 85.6, respectively.

Conclusion: Talon distalfix nails can be safely used in AO type A-B fractures of the midshaft femur. Talon distalfix nail application provides advantages including shorter operation times, less radiation exposure, fewer surgical incisions, and less blood loss. In addition, it should be emphasized that the union time is prolonged compared with that of conventional nails.
Sağlıklı Yenidoğanın Doğum Sonrası Temel Hijyenik Bakım Gereksinimleri
Authors: TOKSÖZ Fatma
Published: June 2023

Sağlıklı bir yenidoğanın doğum sonrasında temel bakım gereksinimlerinin karşılanması önemlidir. Bu bakım gereksinimlerinden biri yenidoğanın hijyenik bakımıdır. Literatürde ebeveynlerin doğum sonrası yenidoğanın hijyenik bakımına yönelik bilgi eksikliğinin olduğu ve yanlış uygulamalar yapılabildiği görülmektedir. Bu derleme güncel literatür doğrultusunda doğum sonrası sağlıklı yenidoğanın temel hijyenik bakım gereksinimleri konusunda ebeveynlere ve sağlık çalışanlarına yol göstermek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.
Semptomatik Rotator Kaf Yırtığı olan Hastalarda Santral Sensitizasyonun Omuz Ağrı ve Disabilite Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: CÜCE İsa , YILDIZHAN Rıdvan , VEZİROĞLU Enes , KARA Hasan , SAYIN Şuayb Celalettin , ÇALIŞ Mustafa
Published: June 2023

Amaç: Rotator kaf (RK) yırtığı olan hastalarda santral sensitizasyon (SS) varlığı şimdiye kadar araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, semptomatik RK yırtığı olan hastalarda SS varlığının omuz ağrısı ve disabilite üzerine etkisini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya, kronik RK yırtığı olan 52 semptomatik hasta ve hastalar ile yaş/cinsiyet olarak eşleştirilmiş 35 sağlıklı kontrol dâhil edildi. SS varlığı ve şiddeti Santral Sensitizasyon Ölçeği (SSÖ) ile değerlendirildi. Ağrı duyarlılığı için lokal (etkilenen omuz) ve uzak (tibialis anterior) bölgelerden basınç-ağrı eşikleri (BAE) kaydedildi. Hasta grubunda ağrı ve disabilite, Vizüel Analog Skala (ağrı) ve Omuz Ağrı ve Disabilite İndeksi (OADİ) ile değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Hasta grubunun kontrol grubuna göre SSÖ skorları anlamlı yüksek (p < 0,001) ve deltoidden ölçülen BAE değerleri anlamlı düşüktü (p = 0,040). SS (SSÖ skoru ≥ 40), hastaların 24 (%46,2)’ünde saptandı. SS’si olan hasta grubunda olmayanlara göre OADİ-ağrı skorları anlamlı yüksekti (p = 0,034). SSÖ skorları ile OADİ-ağrı skorları (r = 0,299) ve üst trapez (r = -0,302) ve deltoidden (r = -0,325) ölçülen BAE değerleri arasında orta derecede korelasyonlar saptandı (p < 0,05).

Sonuç: Bu çalışma, RK yırtığı olan hastaların yaklaşık yarısında SS olduğunu gösterdi. Buna karşın, lokal bölgeden (deltoid) ölçülen BAE değerinin sağlıklı kontrol grubundan anlamlı düşük bulunması sadece periferik sensitizasyon ile ilişkilendirilebilir. Ayrıca, RK yırtığına bağlı gelişen SS hastalarda disabiliteden ziyade artan ağrı yükü ile ilişkili gözükmektedir.
Thermal Trigger: An Unusual Case of Herpes Zoster Reactivation in the Trigeminal Dermatome Following Hot Water Exposure
Authors: SEMET Cihan
Published: June 2023

Herpes zoster (HZ), or shingles, is a viral disease caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). While reactivation is typically associated with aging, immunosuppression, or stress, this case report presents an unusual trigger: exposure to hot water. A 76-year-old woman developed HZ localized to the trigeminal nerve dermatome following accidental exposure to hot water. The patient was successfully treated with acyclovir, with symptoms resolving within 14 days. This case highlights the importance of considering unusual triggers for HZ reactivation and underscores the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications.
Dispersão do Caramujo Africano (Lissachatina fulica) (Bowdich, 1821) no Brasil e o registro de ocorrência em Alfenas/MG, Brasil
Authors: Monteiro Larissa , Peixoto Vianna Marina
Published: June 2023

O caramujo gigante (Lissachatina fulica) africano é uma espécie exótica, introduzida no Brasil na década de 1980 para cultivo. Porém essa iniciativa se mostrou inviável e hoje a espécie é amplamente distribuída no território nacional. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse estudo foi traçar um panorama da dispersão desse molusco no Brasil, desde sua introdução, bem como registrar a ocorrência de L. fulica no município de Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brasil e apresentar um diagnóstico atualizado da ocorrência dessa espécie no estado de Minas Gerais. Para o registro da ocorrência de L. fulica foi feita uma coleta em dois pontos no perímetro urbano do município. No laboratório, as conchas vazias coletadas foram mensuradas quanto ao seu comprimento, largura, comprimento da abertura e largura da abertura. Enquanto os animais vivos coletados foram mensurados apenas o comprimento da concha e o peso úmido.  A revisão de literatura pode mostrar locais de ocorrência da espécie invasora e como ela se dispersou pelos estados brasileiros. Além disso, os resultados da morfometria realizada permitiram inferir que a população de L fulica nos pontos de coleta amostrados está estável, já que nessas áreas foram encontrados animais jovens e adultos. E por fim, ressalta-se a importância da divulgação científica sobre os problemas ecológicos e econômicos causados pelo caramujo africano, visando medidas de prevenção e controle da espécie no país.
Cognitive Analysis of Metonymy in Classical Chinese Poetry
Authors: Li Wei
Published: June 2023

Although metonymy is widespread in poetry, it has been ignored compared to the attention that has been paid to metaphor. Metonymy is not only a figure of speech, but also a cognitive means by which one conceptual entity offers mental access to another conceptual entity. In poetry, metonymy, as a linguistic device, is able to construct rich meanings and aesthetic effects and thus highlight the theme. What’s more, metonymy is able to reveal the cognitive process by which the poet perceives and thinks about the world. As for readers, their decoding of poetry is partly dependent on their mental processing of metonymy. Metonymy in classical Chinese poetry is culturally and historically situated. Thus, metonymy is a vehicle for cultural and historical information. The exploration of metonymy in classical Chinese poetry is aimed to offer a new perspective of metonymy for literary studies.
Correlaciones fenotípicas entre características productivas en cuyes (Cavia porcellus) de la raza Perú
Authors: Paucar-Chanca Rufino , Ramos–Espinoza Yola Victoria , Salas–Contreras William Herminio , Quispe–Toralva Jonathan , Caso-Huamani Luz Eliana
Published: June 2023

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las correlaciones fenotípicas entre características productivas de cuyes de la raza Perú, ubicados a 3.676 metros sobre el nivel del mar. en la sierra del Perú, para lo cual, se utilizaron registros productivos de 703 cuyes (215 hembras y 488 machos) del Programa de Mejoramiento Genético de Cuyes (PMGC) de la Universidad Nacional de Huancavelica (UNH), Perú. Las correlaciones que se estimaron fueron de las respectivas interacciones entre los siguientes parámetros: peso al nacimiento (PNA), peso de camada al nacimiento (PCN), peso al destete (PDE), peso de camada al destete (PCD), peso a un mes (P1M), peso a los dos meses (P2M), peso a los tres meses (P3M), peso antes de la muerte (PAM) y peso de canal (PCA). Las correlaciones se estimaron mediante la correlación de Pearson y regresión lineal múltiple con el programa estadístico R. Las correlaciones fenotípicas obtenidas entre los caracteres productivos fueron positivas y altas en la mayoría, destacando la correlación entre PCA y PAM (0,90), PCD y PCN (0,80), P3M y P2M (0,75), P1M y PDE (0,72) y PDE y PNA (0,63). Estos resultados son favorables para la optimización de los criterios de selección en los programas de mejora genética. Por otro lado, las correlaciones fenotípicas suelen ser mayores entre medidas próximas y menores entre medidas lejanas.
Anorexia Nervosa and Gender - a Comprehensive Interdisciplinary Approach; Part 2: Collective and Individual Factors in the Construction of the Disorder
Authors: Romário Teixeira Braga Filho
Published: June 2023

This study was performed to broaden the understanding of Anorexia Nervosa as a paradigmatic condition among eating disorders, considering the principle that individual and collective factors are fundamental in the construction of health and disease phenomena. This study is divided into three parts; in the first part - historical, etiologic, epidemiologic and clinical aspects are discussed; in the second part – this one -, the discussion involves the contributions of Psychology, Anthropology and Sociology, also in an interdisciplinary arrangement; the third part - which concludes the study - presents a theoretical essay on the use of some homeopathic medicines at least theoretically applicable to the treatment of Anorexia Nervosa, considering the Law of Similarity of the Homeopathic Doctrine. A bibliographic review was performed using the PubMed search platform. Although each part of the study has an independent context, the reader will benefit from reading and understanding the three parts. The second part – this one - is presented with emphasis on contributions of some of the main social sciences – Psychology, Anthropology and Sociology – and discusses theoretical concepts expressed by Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Jacques Lacan, Clifford Geertz, Marcel Mauss, among other scientists - always emphasizing the interaction between individual and collective factors as contributors to the genesis of Anorexia Nervosa. It is concluded that interdisciplinary studies are necessary and can broaden understanding over the genesis of human suffering – as occurs in the clinical condition Anorexia Nervosa - thus bringing patients closer to the most effective therapies, in a holistic perspective.
Anorexia Nervosa and Gender - a Comprehensive Interdisciplinary Approach; Part 3: Homeopathic treatment based on the Law of Similarity
Authors: Romário Teixeira Braga Filho
Published: June 2023

This study was developed with the main objective of broadening the understanding of Anorexia Nervosa, as a paradigmatic condition among Eating Disorders, using the contributions of scientific knowledge from Allopathic Medicine, Homeopathic Medicine and Psychosomatics, Sociology, Anthropology and Psychology. A literature review was carried out, using the PubMed search platform, in addition to the specialized literature of Homeopathic Medicine, such as Repertory and Materia Medica. The study is divided into three parts: the first addresses historical and etiological aspects, physical and mental clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment; the second part addresses individual and collective components (micro and macro social) in the construction of the disease, using the theoretical contributions from Sociology, Anthropology and Psychology; the third and last part – this one - deals with theoretical aspects of some homeopathic medicines, at least theoretically capable of being useful in the treatment of Anorexia Nervosa, considering the Law of Similarity, contained in the Homeopathic Doctrine. Homeopathic medicines listed in both Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia conditions were selected when concordant in both rubrics in the Repertory. Among the six selected medicines, the subjective analysis of the dynamics of the psyche and the manifestations of the upper digestive tract present in the abstract picture of Anorexia Nervosa were more consistent with the homeopathic medicine Ignatia Amara. The author concludes that interdisciplinary studies are necessary and relevant, in addition to being able to broaden the understanding of the mechanisms of human suffering, and may contribute to more effective therapies, according to the Principle of Similarity of Homeopathic Doctrine.
Evaluation of the cardiac effect of monosodium glutamate (Ajinomoto) in albino rats
Authors: Obinna Alexander Ikebunwa
Published: June 2023

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a common food ingredient and taste enhancer, but consuming large amounts of it has prompted many questions about its safety and potential negative effects, particularly on the heart. Therefore, this present study evaluated the effect of MSG on the heart. Eighteen (18) albino rats were randomly grouped according to their body weight into 3 groups A, B, and C with 6 rats in each group. Group A were used as controls. Group B received high dose (4 mg/kg) of the monosodium glutamate concentration while group C received a low dose (2 mg/kg) of the monosodium glutamate concentration for twenty-one (21) days. The activity of the heart was assessed by determining the level of CK-MB, LDH and AST in the serum. It was observed that rats on high dose of MSG gained significant weight when compared to control group. A non-significant (P>0.05) decrease in CK-MB, statistically significant (P<0.05) increase in LDH and statistically significant decrease in AST were seen in the high dose MSG group when compared to the control group. Low dose MSG group did not show any significant alterations in the biochemical parameters measured. The histopathology analysis showed that the myocardial fibres of the high dose and low dose MSG group are normal. These results showed that MSG can cause weight gain at high dose, but there was no observable damage to the heart at high and low doses.
A.K. Ramanujan: A Poet of Different Cultures and Languages
Authors: Vipin Kumar  , Dr. Vivek Kumar Dwivedi
Published: June 2023

The paper explores the impact of different cultures and languages in the poetic writings of A. K. Ramanujan. He has a full command over Indian culture, scriptures and rituals. Tamil, Kannad, Sanskrit and English languages are well known to him. Language is a very important tool in the formulation of a culture and its aesthetics, as it is a medium of expression. Without language no human culture can be imagined. Culture is a manifestation of the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a particular group of human society. It is a code of conduct which guides and control a certain human society. Ramanujan was deeply rooted in Indian culture and tradition, which is evident in his work. However, his exposure to Western education, particularly his studies in the United States, also influenced his literary style and themes. As a result, Ramanujan's work reflects a unique blend of different cultures and languages, and he is known for bridging the gap between Indian and Western literary traditions. Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary defines culture as “the customs and beliefs; ways of life and social organization of a particular country or group” (373). The cultural and linguistic influences are evident in the literature of any nation, therefore, it always becomes a perfect source of information. Literature of any nation keeps the record of its history, geography, culture and tradition. For instance, we have to study Leo Tolstoy to know the history and geography of nineteenth century Russian literature; similarly, if we want to know something about the English culture, we have to study English literature as literature is a part of culture. In the same way, there are several languages and cultures that are observed in India and each of them are closely connected with the theme of Indianness and this is how it paves the way of unity in diversity.
Correlating Language and Music for the Activation of Human Mind
Authors: Dr. Amit Kumar Chandrana
Published: June 2023

As Heinrich Heine puts it, “Where words leave off, music begins”. Music and language belong to a common origin i.e. sound, a form of energy. In other words, language and music are two sons of the same mother. Language and music both engage the auditory system, utilizing similar neural pathways to process sound and rhythm. Just as language relies on patterns of sounds and syntax to convey meaning, music utilizes melody, harmony, and structure to evoke emotions and communicate messages. A language always talks about the speech sounds that are produced by the vocal cords while music is the outcome of non-oral sounds or sometimes may be the oral sounds. Both language and music have the ability to elicit powerful emotional responses in individuals, stirring feelings of joy, sadness, or nostalgia. The rhythmic and melodic elements in music can enhance language processing by providing a rhythmic framework that aids in memorization and comprehension. Though language and music are not always complementary to each other but one seems incomplete in absence of the other. Language and music share the capacity to convey complex ideas and narratives, allowing us to express our thoughts and experiences in nuanced and creative ways. Studies have shown that exposure to music can improve language skills, including vocabulary acquisition, syntax comprehension, and verbal fluency. The use of prosody, intonation, and rhythm in language mirrors the melodic and rhythmic components of music, highlighting their interconnectedness. Musical training has been found to enhance linguistic abilities, as musicians often demonstrate better pitch discrimination, phonological awareness, and language learning skills. Language and music can both serve as cultural markers, reflecting and preserving the traditions, values, and identities of different communities. The shared neural processes involved in language and music suggest a deep-rooted correlation, as they tap into fundamental mechanisms of auditory perception and cognitive processing. The present research article is a descriptive study on the relationship between language and music and their effects on the mind and body of the human beings. In the first section of this paper, the linguistic aspects that are akin to music have been attempted to be pointed out. Similarly, in the following section, the core of the music has been discussed in context to language. In the third section, a comparative study of language and music has been done on the basis of the points discussed in the preceding sections. Finally, the paper also discusses as how the amalgamation of the two i.e. language and music can be helpful in activating the human mind and the body.
KH. Abdul Wahid Hasyim’s Paradigm on Freedom of Learning in Madrasa
Authors: Azis Azis
Published: June 2023

In the early twentieth century, Indonesia witnessed the flourishing of madrasa as a new model for Muslim educational institutions to respond to public schools established by the Dutch colonial era. Abdul Wahid Hasyim was one of the prominent Muslim intellectuals who introduced some approaches in madrasa learning process in which different from the traditional learning system in the pesantren. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on Abdul Wahid Hasyim’s thoughts on freedom of learning in madrasa using a historical approach to understand the historical context of Hasyim’s ideas. As a result, this paper argues that Wahid Hasyim offered a mixed curriculum in madrasa by combining Islamic and secular subjects that are considered useful for students in the future. Another finding is that Wahid Hasyim preferred the tutorial method in the learning process, which replaced teacher-centered learning, as is common in pesantrens. To some extent, this method of learning is similar to student-centered learning in contemporary pedagogy.
Identifying asynchronies: Delayed triggering
Authors: Perez Victor , Pasco Jamille
Published: June 2023

Patient-ventilator asynchronies can occur at any phase throughout the respiratory cycle. Because it has been associated with patient outcomes, it is important to recognize and address these asynchronies. Bedside interpretation of air flow and airway pressure waveforms are helpful for recognizing patient–ventilator asynchronies and optimizing ventilator settings. Patient effort is sensed by either a drop in circuit pressure (pressure trigger) or circuit bias flow (flow trigger). Triggering delay is the time interval between the start of the neural and mechanical inspiration. Triggers must be sensitive enough to recognize patient effort to avoid imposing an additional load but not too sensitive to avoid auto-triggering. Despite improvements in triggering technology, triggering asynchronies continue to occur and are manifest, among others, by delayed triggering. Keywords: asynchrony, patient effort, trigger, delayed triggering
Utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis
Authors: MS Ravishankar Shashank S Gowda  , Harshith CS  , Balachandra G  , Sahana G
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research is to determine whether or not there is a correlation between a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and a high platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: This was a retrospective study in the medicine department of a tertiary care facility. The demographic and clinical data was retrieved in a methodical fashion from the case records. Along with this, the data regarding the biopsy and other laboratory parameters was recorded to. This data was compared with non-NAFLD patients. Results: The non-NAFLD participants were separated from the NAFLD subjects and placed in one of the two groups. According to the findings of our investigation, a low PLR score was connected with a higher risk of NAFLD (P 0.001), whereas a high NLR score was not significantly linked to NAFLD (P > 0.05). While there was shown to be a positive correlation between NLR and NAFLD, a negative association between PLR and NAFLD was discovered to exist. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that a strong association exists between NLR and PLR and NAFLD. we According to the findings, a lower PLR and NLR could be a risk factor for morbidity in NAFLD patients.
Subjective Vs Objective Clinical Tools for Balance Assessment in Healthy Population
Authors: Altaf Reema , Hanif Sidra , Zameer Arooj , Kayani Aneek
Published: June 2023

Background: The clinicians prefer subjective tools for balance assessment that are easily available and multiple researches have proved them reliable and valid for balance assessment. The force plate measures do the same postural analysis as we expect the other subjective tools to perform. Objectives: To determine the correlation between subjective and objective standard tools of balance assessment in healthy population Material and method: It was cross sectional observational study carried out at National institute of rehabilitation medicine (NIRM) Islamabad and Riphah international university Islamabad from January 2019 to June 2019.The sample size was calculated by using G power analysis graph, came out to be 64 for every age group. In this study non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. The inclusion criterion includes healthy individuals with 18-70 years of age (young (18-25 years), adult (25 -50 years), elderly (50-70 years) and both genders. Tools used in this research were BBS (Berg Balance Scale), POMA (The Performance-Oriented Mobility), TUG (Time Up and Go test), FRT (Functional Reach Test), Romberg test, SLS (Single Leg Stance), YBT (Y Balance Test) and Force plate. Results: 192 total respondents were divided in equal distribution of 64 in three age groups of elderly, adults and young. In elderly group males were 49and females were 15. In adult group males were 27 while females were 37.In young category total number of males were 27while females were 37. Mean age and SD for elderly, adults and young were 57.3±5.51, 35.4±6.97 and 22.6±1.62 respectively. This study results were affirming the fact that force plate variables has significant correlations with subjective tools of balance. (YBT, r=0.3 and SLS, r=0.8). Conclusion: This study concludes that force plate can replace or validate the subjective tools of balance that we use for different age groups. SLS (Single Leg Stance) is strongly and positively correlates with total AP sway on force plate, and shows strong negative correlation with AP standard deviation. YBT (Y-balance test) can also be validated or replaced for Total ML sway of force plate as it shows moderate correlation. On the other hand POMA, TUG, FRT shows weak and negative correlations with most of the force plate variables. Keywords: BBS (berg balance scale), ML (mediolateral), SD (standard deviation), YBT (Y-balance test)
Using a Transradial Method, The Results of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at a Tertiary Care Cardiac Centre
Authors: Khan Nasir , Haq Habib Ul , Sahito Sarfraz Hussain , Naqvi Syed Zain Raza , Ishaq Waqqas , Bhatti Shahzad Majeed
Published: June 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the in-hospital outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) performed using a transradial technique in a cardiac centre that provides tertiary care. Study Design: Descriptive/ observational study Place and Duration: Department of cardiology, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, Hayatabad phase 5 Peshawar, KPK in the duration from April, 2022 to September, 2022. Methods: 104 patients were included in the trial; all had ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and had presented within 12 hours of symptom onset without a history of thrombolytic treatment, coronary angioplasty, or cardiac surgery. Patients were monitored for forearm hematoma and mortality during their hospital stays after diagnostic angiography and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the artery supplying the infarct.SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: There were majority 75 (72.1%) males and 29 (27.9%) females among all cases. Included patients had mean age 48.44±13.67 years and had mean BMI 27.6±3.48 kg/m2. 48 (46.2%) patients were smokers and most common comorbidity was diabetes found in 63 (60.6%) cases followed by HTN, CAD, hyperlipidemia and obesity. Success rate of PCI by using transradial method was found in 101 (97.1%) cases. Mortality was only found in 2 cases and post-procedure forearm hematoma was found in 1 patients. Mortality and forearm hematoma was found because of old age among patients. Conclusion: In this study, we came to the conclusion that primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) performed using a transradial technique is a viable alternative that has great success rates in terms of both mortality rates and morbidity, such as hematoma of the forearm. Keywords: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention, transradial approach, Forearm hematoma, mortality
Association Between Platelet Count and Grading of Esophageal Varices in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Mahmood Afsheen , Khan Rozina , Memon Shaima Sultana , Shaikh Faiza , Ali Fizzah , Ahmed Syed Adnan
Published: June 2023

Background: Upper GI endoscopy is the gold standard technique for diagnosing esophageal varices and to assess the risk of bleeding but is invasive in nature, costly, time consuming and burden for the department. Besides this platelet count is also an important tool to predict the esophageal varices in cirrhotic patient and it is a highly accurate test. it has been noted that platelet count in cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices, is less than 100,000/cmm but very few of the data is available so the aim of the current study was to find out the association between mean platelet count and grading of esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the medicine department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi. For testing platelet count the blood sample was sent to the pathology laboratory of the hospital. Gastroenterologist performed the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to grade the esophageal varices. Data was analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version-20. ANOVA with Post-Hoc Tuckey test was applied to find out the correlation between the variables. p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 34.9±8.6 years. Majority of the study participants were male (61.1%) as compared to their counterparts. The mean platelet count among the study participants was 113,200±29000 /u L majority of cirrhotic patients included in the study were having grade III of esophageal varices (39.5%). It has been noted that mean platelet count decreased with increasing grade of esophageal varices and the association was significant. Cirrhotic patients having Grade I esophageal varices were having near normal mean platelet count but those who were in Grade V of esophageal varices, having markedly decreased platelet count as compared to Grade I, II, III and IV. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the mean platelet count is significantly inverse association with the grading of esophageal varices, as low as the platelet count, worst the esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis. So testing mean platelet count can be used for screening purpose of esophageal varices as it is a cost effective test. Keywords: Cirrhosis, Esophageal varices, Mean Platelet count,
Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia are more Likely to Have TP53 Gene Mutations
Authors: Faryal Sheeba , Shahbaz Rabia , Luhano Mahesh Kumar , Huma Huria , Babar Nosherwan , Ahmed Faizan
Published: June 2023

Objective: The purpose was to quantify the prevalence of Tp53 gene mutation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients.. Study Design: Cross-sectional/ Descriptive study Place and Duration: This study was conducted in multiple centres including Mayo Hospital Lahore and Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences in the duration from August, 2022 to January, 2023. Methods: Total 112 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were included in this study. All the patients were received at laboratory for TP53 mutation analysis. To identify the TP53 mutation using the FISH method, five ml of whole blood or one ml of bone marrow aspirate sample were taken. Data input and analysis were done with the help of the statistical package for social sciences 22. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.8±6.52 years and had mean BMI 23.7±14.52 kg/m2. Seventy-three (65.2%) patients were males and 39 (34.8%) cases were females. There were 52 (46.4%) patients educated and 60 (53.6%) cases were non educated. We found frequency of Tp53 gene mutation in 17 (15.2%) cases in which 11 cases were males and 6 cases were females. Among 17 cases of Tp53 gene mutation, 8 cases had age >50 years, 6 cases were aged between 30-50 years and 3 cases were between 18-30 years. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that frequency of Tp53 gene mutation in patients of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia was 15.2% in which majority were males and had age >50 years. Keywords: CLL, Tumour suppressor gene, Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, FISH, TP53, Fluorescence in Situ hybridization
Association of C-Reactive Protein with Parameters of Early Onset Sepsis and Blood Culture
Authors: Langah Azizullah , Memon Naseer Ahmed , Awan Sereena , Shafiq Yousra , Zafar Benish , Ramzan Muhammad Adil
Published: June 2023

Background: Blood culture is a gold standard technique to diagnose neonatal sepsis but the C-reactive protein (CRP) is also an important biomarker of acute phase reaction. CRP has a role in humoral immunity against infection, leading to inflammation. Very few of the data is available to conclude the diagnostic accuracy of CRP in association with parameters of early stage neonatal sepsis in pre-term or low birth weight babies. So the aim of current study was to find out the association of C-reactive protein with parameters of early onset sepsis and blood culture in pre-term and low birth weight babies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pediatric Medicine department of Maternal and Child Health Center (MCH), Shaheed Benazirabad during August 2022 to January 2023. Early onset sepsis was diagnosed on the basis of maternal factors, prenatal history and clinical examination. Blood sample was collected and sent to the pathology laboratory of Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Nawabshah for measurement of C-reactive protein, white blood cell count and culture and sensitivity testing. Data was analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version-20. p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 120 patients of neonatal sepsis were enrolled in the study out of them 52 were positive for C-reactive protein. The mean age of the study participants was 1.6 ±0.69 days. Male participants were predominant (63.5%) over their female counterpart. Majority cases of septicemia (57.7%) were having birth weight less than 2.5kg. Odd ratio of C-reactive protein was estimated at 95% confidence interval and the results found that age had significant association with positive C-reactive protein. Birth weight less than 2.5kg also showed significant negative association with C-reactive protein but the term of birth found no any significant association. Patients having positive blood culture and those who had WBC count more than 25000/mm3 reported strongly significant association with C-reactive protein. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the C-reactive protein is significantly associated with parameters like age, WBC count more than 25000/mm3 and blood culture but no association has been found with maturity of neonate i.e. term or pre-term babies. The birth weight less than 2.5kg is negatively associated with the C-reactive protein. Keywords: Neonatal sepsis, C-reactive protein, Pre-term
The Prevalence of Microalbuminuria in Patients with Hypertension and Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Hammad Abdur Rauf , Munir Khurram , Fatima Yamna , Zamir Sher , Khan Qudsia Umaira , Ahmed Faizan
Published: June 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of microalbuminuria in hypertensive individuals who had recently suffered from an acute ischemic stroke. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Department of Physiology, Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan in the duration from July, 2022 to December, 2022. Methods: This study comprised 148 hypertension individuals of either sex who had suffered an ischemic stroke. Participants' full demographic information, including age, sex, BMI, and comorbidities, was recorded after obtaining informed written consent. Microalbuminuria was detected in a urine sample collected over the course of 24 hours using the Pyrogallol Red assay. Microalbuminuria was defined as a daily urinary albumin content of 30-300 mg. Association of Microalbuminuria was determined among all cases. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Among 148 cases, 87 (58.8%) were males and 61 (41.2%) were females. Patients mean age was 57.6±14.82 years and had mean BMI 25.9±7.48 kg/m2. Mean duration of HTN was 3.19±5.28 years. History of ischemic stroke was found in 14 (9.5%) cases, and family history of myocardial infarction found in 23 (15.5%) cases. Comorbidities were DM, CAD, Congestive heart failure, Atrial fibrillation and peripheral artery disease. We found Microalbuminuria in 68 (45.9%) cases. In 68 cases of microalbuminuria 38 cases had age >50 years, 19 cases were aged between 36-50 years and 11 cases were aged between 18-35 years. Conclusion: The high prevalence of microalbuminuria in hypertension patients with acute ischemic stroke led us to the conclusion that this marker can be used to reliably identify hypertensive individuals at high risk for ischemic stroke at a low cost. Keywords: Hypertension, Albuminuria, Ischemic stroke, Diabetes mellitus