bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Privacy Concerns With Digital Forensics
Authors: Rowe Neil C.
Published: May 2019

Digital forensics is a rapidly growing technology for examining the contents of computers and digital devices. It raises many challenges to conventional notions of privacy because it involves a considerably more detailed search of digital data than is possible with other techniques, and it can be done surreptitiously. However, there are analogies to homes and the rights of individuals to be free from unwarranted searches and seizures in their private spaces. Even though commercial software and data comprises most of digital space, there are clearly enclaves of data that deserves to be kept private. We discuss the techniques of digital forensics and investigative targets. We identify key challenges to privacy, and outline both the legal protections and the technical protections available. Unfortunately, privacy laws are ineffective in most countries, and users need to take their own measures to protect themselves.
Towards Privacy Awareness in Future Internet Technologies
Authors: Rafiee Hosnieh , Meinel Christoph
Published: May 2019

With the increased use of the Internet to share confidential information with other users around the world, the demands to protect this information are also increasing. This is why, today, privacy has found its important place in users' lives. However, Internet users have different interpretations of the meaning of privacy. This fact makes it difficult to find the best way to address the privacy issue. In addition, most of the current standard protocols in use over the Internet do not support the level of privacy that most users expect. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the best balance between users' expectation and the practical level of privacy to address user privacy needs and evaluate the most important protocols from privacy aspects.
Social Media and Identity
Authors: Melonashi Erika
Published: May 2019

The present chapter aims to explore the relationship between social media and identity by reviewing theoretical frameworks as well as empirical studies on the topic. Considering the complexity of the concept of identity, a multidisciplinary theoretical approach is provided, including Psychological Theories, Sociological Theories and Communication Theories. These theories are revisited in the context of online identity formation and communication through social media. Different aspects of identity such as gender identity, professional identity, political identity etc., are discussed and illustrated through empirical studies in the field. Moreover, the role of social media as a factor that might either promote or hinder identity development is also discussed (e.g., phenomena such as cyber-bulling and internet addiction). Finally recommendations and suggestions for future research are provided, including the need for multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks to the investigation of the relationships between social media and identity.
Dysfunctional Use of Online Gaming and Socio-Emotional Adaptation at School
Authors: Murdaca Anna Maria , Patrizia Oliva
Published: May 2019

Although online gaming can have many advantages, there are still many young people that tend to be excessively addicted to these online technologies, with a negative impact on their emotional and social functioning. For this reason, the attempt to understand the factors related to online gaming dependence and those related to encouraging positive use is an essential area of health promotion and a priority in preventing serious problems in school context. The aim of the study was to analyze psychological factors (anxiety traits and motivation) related to online gaming and the relation between gaming behaviour and emotional and social functioning at school. 62 secondary school students were recruited for the study. The participants completed the TAD (Anxiety and Depression Test), S.E.D.S. (Social-Emotional Dimension Scale), SDQ (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire) and The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGD) and their time spent online gaming was recorded. The results showed that psychological factors are strongly related to online gaming time and, both seem to play a significant role in structuring gaming behavior abuse and maladaptive school habits.
Internet Addiction and Fear of Missing Out
Authors: Wireko Joseph Kofi
Published: May 2019

Smartphones and the evolution of new ICTs have enabled people, especially the youth, to stay connected to their social and professional network. This has resulted in compulsive checking for status updates and messages, for fear of missing out (FOMO). FOMO, which is a form of internet addiction, has its downside among students. This chapter is an empirical study that seeks to examine the disruptive effect of FOMO on the academic performance of students. Four hundred twenty-two university students were surveyed on their use of internet (social media services) and its result on their academic activities. A Likert scale was used to measure their use of the internet (social media) and its relationship with their academic performance. Chi-square and factor analysis were conducted. The results showed that continuous use of internet had negative effect on students' academic performance and it affected the female students more than their male counterparts. Tertiary institutions should intensify guidance and counselling sessions for students in order to mitigate the negative effects of use of internet on students.
An Empirical Study of Problematic Internet Use and Self-Esteem
Authors: Widyanto Laura , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: May 2019

Previous research has alluded to the existence of a relationship between self-esteem and problematic Internet use. The main aim of the study was to examine the relationship between problematic Internet use and a number of distinct demographic, behavioural, and psychosocial variables. Using an online survey, a self-selected sample comprising 1,467 Internet users participated in the study. The survey comprised 50 questions including validated scales for both self-esteem (Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale) and problematic Internet use (Internet Related Problem Scale; IPRS) in addition to demographic information. Based on previous literature, it was hypothesized that problematic Internet users were more likely than non-problematic Internet users to post low self-esteem scores. Results showed that self-esteem was strongly and negatively associated with IRPS. Also, for those with high IRPS scores, participation in online forums was the primary online activity followed by online gaming and chatting. Although the study comprised a self-selecting sample and utilized self-report, the results appear to provide robust evidence of an association between self-esteem and problematic Internet use mirroring prior research in the area.
Personality, Internet Addiction, and Other Technological Addictions
Authors: Hussain Zaheer , Pontes Halley M.
Published: May 2019

Research into technological addictions, such as Internet addiction, smartphone addiction and social networking addiction has greatly increased. It is important to understand how technological addictions may be related to different personality types and key individual differences associated to personality. This chapter provides empirical and conceptual insights into how technological addictions may be related to different personality types and key individual differences associated to personality. This chapter focuses on a number of technological addictions and illustrates how research and theory in this area has developed in relation to commonly researched personality traits (e.g., extraversion, introversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and narcissism) and key individual differences related to personality (e.g., personality disorders). The complex nature of personality and technological addictions is discussed together with areas for future research.
Individual Differences and the Development of Internet Addiction
Authors: Macur Mirna , Pontes Halley M.
Published: May 2019

Internet addiction (IA) has emerged as a universal issue, but its international estimates vary due to different screening instruments and different samples. The present study aims to estimate the risk of IA in a school-based nationally representative sample of Slovenian adolescents and ascertain the interplay between IA, sociodemographic factors, free-time activities, self-control, and perceived satisfaction with life. Overall, the present study found that adolescents at greater risk for developing IA tend to be more passive in their free time, since they watch TV and play video games more than their peers, as well as chat on social media. Adolescents presenting high risk of IA displayed poorer levels of self-control in most cases and reported to be generally less satisfied with their lives in comparison to adolescents presenting low risk of IA.
Exploring the Risk Factors of Interactive E-Health Interventions for Digital Addiction
Authors: Alrobai Amen , McAlaney John , Phalp Keith , Ali Raian
Published: May 2019

Digital Addiction refers to a problematic usage of digital devices characterised by being excessive, compulsive, impulsive and hasty. It is often associated with negative life experience such as anxiety and depression. To combat Digital Addiction, interactive e-health intervention applications started to appear to aid users adjust their usage style. The present study aims to understand the risks related to such e-health interventions. The authors conducted an empirical research to investigate such risks from users' perspectives through a diary study. Fourteen participants were recruited and asked to install popular “digital diet” applications and use them for two weeks and record their significant moments. The authors then interviewed the participants to discuss their experience. Self-governed interactive e-health intervention for digital addiction could lead to adverse side effects such as lower self-esteem, misconception of the healthy usage and creating an alternative addictive experience. Thus, there is a need for theory-based development and rigorous testing for such e-health solutions.
Digital Wellness
Authors: Royal Chadwick , Wasik Suzan , Horne Robert , Dames Levette S. , Newsome Gwen
Published: May 2019

Are you addicted to your phone? Using the term “addiction” when discussing activities involving technologies is a metaphor. It is intended to portray behaviors that are similar to what is experienced during a drug addiction (Essig, 2012), but it is not an actual addiction. Granted, the metaphor is successful because it relates the experience of being “out of control”. It is proposed that counselors and educators approach problematic behavior from more of a perspective of “wellness” and healthy behaviors - as opposed to approaching it from an addiction model or concept. Digital Wellness is the optimum state of health and well-being that each individual using technology is capable of achieving. The purpose of this chapter is to present the Digital Wellness Model (Royal, 2014) and provide recommendations for how the model can be implemented by users of technology. Specific strategies for promoting digital wellness are shared.
Inference of Gene Regulatory Networks by Topological Prior Information and Data Integration
Authors: Martins Jr. David Correa , Lopes Fabricio Martins , Ray Shubhra Sankar
Published: May 2019

The inference of Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) is a very challenging problem which has attracted increasing attention since the development of high-throughput sequencing and gene expression measurement technologies. Many models and algorithms have been developed to identify GRNs using mainly gene expression profile as data source. As the gene expression data usually has limited number of samples and inherent noise, the integration of gene expression with several other sources of information can be vital for accurately inferring GRNs. For instance, some prior information about the overall topological structure of the GRN can guide inference techniques toward better results. In addition to gene expression data, recently biological information from heterogeneous data sources have been integrated by GRN inference methods as well. The objective of this chapter is to present an overview of GRN inference models and techniques with focus on incorporation of prior information such as, global and local topological features and integration of several heterogeneous data sources.
Complex Biological Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Authors: Kabli Fatima
Published: May 2019

The mass of data available on the Internet is rapidly increasing; the complexity of this data is discussed at the level of the multiplicity of information sources, formats, modals, and versions. Facing the complexity of biological data, such as the DNA sequences, protein sequences, and protein structures, the biologist cannot simply use the traditional techniques to analyze this type of data. The knowledge extraction process with data mining methods for the analysis and processing of biological complex data is considered a real scientific challenge in the search for systematically potential relationships without prior knowledge of the nature of these relationships. In this chapter, the authors discuss the Knowledge Discovery in Databases process (KDD) from the Biological Data. They specifically present a state of the art of the best known and most effective methods of data mining for analysis of the biological data and problems of bioinformatics related to data mining.
A General Medical Diagnosis System Formed by Artificial Neural Networks and Swarm Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Vasant Pandian
Published: May 2019

One of the most popular applications of artificial intelligence within the medical field is developing medical diagnosis systems. Because artificial-intelligence-based techniques are able to use pre-data and instant data flow for making predictions, it is an easy task to design intelligent systems that can give advice to people or perform diagnosis-based decision making. So, it has been an important research interest to design and develop intelligent systems, which are able to make diagnoses for medical purposes. In this sense, the objective of this chapter is to introduce a general medical diagnosis system that can be used for detecting diseases. In detail, the system employs artificial neural networks and swarm-intelligence-based techniques to form a general framework of intelligent diagnosis. The chapter briefly focuses on the infrastructure of the system and discusses its diagnosis potential.
Prioritize Transcription Factor Binding Sites for Multiple Co-Expressed Gene Sets Based on Lasso Multinomial Regression Models
Authors: Hu Hong , Dai Yang
Published: May 2019

Computational prediction of cis-regulatory elements for a set of co-expressed genes based on sequence analysis provides an overwhelming volume of potential transcription factor binding sites. It presents a challenge to prioritize a set of functional transcription factors and their binding sites on the regulatory regions of the target genes that are relevant to the gene expression study. A novel approach based on the use of lasso multinomial regression models is proposed to address this problem. We examine the ability of the lasso models using a time-course microarray data obtained from a comprehensive study of gene expression profiles in skin and mucosal in mouse over all stages of wound healing.
Biodegradation of Phenol
Authors: Dhatwalia Vinod K. , Nanda Manisha
Published: May 2019

Aromatic compounds are widely distributed in nature. Free phenols are frequently liberated as metabolic intermediates during the degradation of plant materials. In recent years the natural supply of phenolic substances has been greatly increased due to the release of industrial byproducts into the environment. Phenolic compounds are hazardous pollutants that are toxic at relatively low concentration. Effluents from petrochemical, textile and coal industries contain phenolic compounds in very high concentration; therefore there is a necessity to remove phenolic compounds from the environment. Microorganisms capable of degrading phenol are common and include both aerobes and anaerobes. The use of microbial catalysts in the biodegradation of organic compounds has advanced significantly during the past three decades. The efficiency of biodegradation of organic compounds is influenced by the type of the organic pollutant, the nature of the organism, the enzyme involved, the mechanism of degradation and the nature of the influencing factors.
Removal of Toxic Pollutants From Soil Using Microbial Biotechnology
Authors: Pandey Anupam , Tripathi Priyanka Harishchandra , Pandey Satish Chandra , Pathak Vinay Mohan , Nailwal Tapan Kumar
Published: May 2019

At present the many of the man-made compounds released in soil by various ways. These compounds might be pesticides and other hazardous chemicals. Through food chain these compounds increased day by day at particular trophic level and also affect the soil biodiversity. Microbial cultures and associated biotechnology can be helpful to reduce such types of pollution from soil without affecting their natural habitat or niche. In this chapter we will discuss the indigenous microbial flora and their role for the maintenance of the sustainable environment.
Knowledge Management in Biotechnology Drugs in Brazil as a Case Study of the National Pharmaceuticals Laboratories
Authors: Lima de Magalhães Jorge , do Carmo Marcus Vinicius Santos , Hartz Zulmira
Published: May 2019

The informational age in the twenty-first century is also known as the age of knowledge. The great differential of organizations has been the strategic innovation through the best way to manage the existing knowledge. The pharmaceutical area is one of the most intensive areas in research, development, and innovation. In this century, the discovery of new drugs and biotechnology drugs has revolutionized several treatments for human health. It is estimated that in 2017 the medical prescriptions of biotech drugs will exceed US $220 billion. It was identified that by the year 2019, several biotechnological patents will be expired in the world. New structures and strategic innovations in the scientific and technological environment of the Brazilian pharmaceutical area have occurred. There is a boom in investment opportunities in the industry through strategic innovation fostered by the updating of Brazilian legislation and investments by private companies. Knowledge management in biotechnological drugs has favored scientific, technological, and market growth in Brazilian organizations.
Competitive Advantage, Open Innovation, and Dynamic Capabilities
Authors: Labrouche Geoffroy , Kechidi Med
Published: May 2019

This chapter deals with a particular type of dynamic capability: dynamic relational capabilities. They are defined as the organisational ability of a firm to enter into successful business relationships with other actors. It is shown that these abilities, based on organisational memory, are expressed in particular through the acquisition of assets and the conclusion of partnerships/alliances. In the pharmaceutical industry, open innovation strategies are the concrete proof of such abilities. Indeed, this sector is considered to be a High-Velocity Environment characterized by a high rate of change. Such change, challenging firms' competitive advantage, fosters the development of dynamic capabilities and open innovation strategies. These theoretical considerations are illustrated by reference to the innovation strategy adopted by the Sanofi group, particularly since 2008.
Towards an Intelligent Biomedical Engineering With Nature-Inspired Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Kose Utku
Published: May 2019

Artificial intelligence has a remarkable effect on many different fields with its flexible and comprehensive solution approaches to solve real-world problems. In this context, the field of biomedical engineering has also been affected by employment of different artificial intelligence-based techniques. This chapter aims to give a theoretical discussion on using nature-inspired artificial intelligent techniques for obtaining intelligent applications within biomedical engineering. As it is known, techniques within the field of artificial intelligence are inspired from nature. So, it is a good approach to focus on nature-inspired techniques for discussing intelligent biomedical engineering research works. Readers will have a chance to understand some ways of using artificial intelligence for achieving better results in biomedical engineering and the related developments associated with this field.
Is Collaboration Important at All Stages of the Biotechnology Product Development Process?
Authors: Beaudry Catherine
Published: May 2019

Using the four Biotechnology Uses and Development surveys of Statistics Canada, the chapter examine the importance of collaborating with firms and public institutions at various stages of product development, from research and development to clinical trials and then on to production and commercialization. The models examine the propensity to have products at a particular stage of development using instrumental variables probit regressions. This chapter finds that while small firms do not benefit from collaborating with firms at the research and development stage, during the clinical trials and in the production phases, collaborating with firms has a strong positive effect. The factors that affect the R&D phase are R&D expenditures, an important IP strategy, revenues from contracts and to some extent contracting out some innovation activities. In later stages of the development process, the number of patents and the diversity of the biotechnology employment team play a more crucial role.
Big Data Analytics in Bioinformatics
Authors: Patel Dharmendra Trikamlal
Published: May 2019

Voluminous data are being generated by various means. The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged recently to group all manmade artificial things around us. Due to intelligent devices, the annual growth of data generation has increased rapidly, and it is expected that by 2020, it will reach more than 40 trillion GB. Data generated through devices are in unstructured form. Traditional techniques of descriptive and predictive analysis are not enough for that. Big Data Analytics have emerged to perform descriptive and predictive analysis on such voluminous data. This chapter first deals with the introduction to Big Data Analytics. Big Data Analytics is very essential in Bioinformatics field as the size of human genome sometimes reaches 200 GB. The chapter next deals with different types of big data in Bioinformatics. The chapter describes several problems and challenges based on big data in Bioinformatics. Finally, the chapter deals with techniques of Big Data Analytics in the Bioinformatics field.
Comparison of Personal Video Technology for Teaching and Assessment of Surgical Skills
Authors: Sheahan Guy , Reznick Richard , Klinger Don , Flynn Leslie , Zevin Boris
Published: May 2019

Background

Improvements in personal technology have made video recording for teaching and assessment of surgical skills possible.

Objective

This study compared 5 personal video-recording devices based on their utility (image quality, hardware, mounting options, and accessibility) in recording open surgical procedures.

Methods

Open procedures in a simulated setting were recorded using smartphones and tablets (MOB), laptops (LAP), sports cameras such as GoPro (SC), single-lens reflex cameras (DSLR), and spy camera glasses (SPY). Utility was rated by consensus between 2 investigators trained in observation of technology using a 5-point Likert scale (1, poor, to 5, excellent).

Results

A total of 150 hours of muted video were reviewed with a minimum 1 hour for each device. Image quality was good (3.8) across all devices, although this was influenced by the device-mounting requirements (4.2) and its proximity to the area of interest. Device hardware (battery life and storage capacity) was problematic for long procedures (3.8). Availability of devices was high (4.2).

Conclusions

Personal video-recording technology can be used for assessment and teaching of open surgical skills. DSLR and SC provide the best images. DSLR provides the best zoom capability from an offset position, while SC can be placed closer to the operative field without impairing sterility. Laptops provide best overall utility for long procedures due to video file size. All devices require stable recording platforms (eg, bench space, dedicated mounting accessories). Head harnesses (SC, SPY) provide opportunities for “point-of-view” recordings. MOB and LAP can be used for multiple concurrent recordings.
Carbono y nitrógeno del suelo en los sistemas bosque mesófilo de montaña, agroforestal y monocultivo de café
Authors: Cristóbal-Acevedo David , Tinoco-Rueda Juan A. , Prado-Hernández Jorge Victor , Hernández-Acosta Elizabeth
Published: May 2019

Introducción: En los sistemas naturales y agroecosistemas, el estudio del carbono y nitrógeno del suelo como función del tipo y magnitud de su cubierta vegetal es importante debido a que la concentración y contenido de dichos elementos tienen relación con la fertilidad, calidad de los suelos e impacto ambiental.
Objetivos: Determinar el carbono y nitrógeno en el suelo como función del tipo y magnitud de la cubierta vegetal de los sistemas bosque mesófilo de montaña (BMM), monocultivo de café a pleno sol (MCPS), sistema agroforestal de café como policultivo tradicional (AFCPT) y sistema agroforestal de café como policultivo comercial (AFCPC).
Materiales y métodos: Las cubiertas vegetales se caracterizaron y cuantificaron. Se tomaron muestras de suelo a las profundidades 0 a 10, 10 a 20 y 20 a 30 cm, para determinar las concentraciones y contenidos de carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) y nitrógeno en sus formas total (Nt), orgánico (Norg), nitratos (NO3-), amonio (NH4+) y mineral (Nmin).
Resultados y discusión: El orden de magnitud de las cubiertas vegetales fue BMM>AFCPT>AFCPC>MCPS. Este mismo orden se tuvo en los almacenamientos de COS (BMM: 229.33 Mg·ha-1, AFCPT: 211.03 Mg·ha-1, AFCPC: 90.95 Mg·ha-1 y MCPS: 92.56 Mg·ha-1), Nt (BMM: 16.10 Mg·ha-1, AFCPT:14.21 Mg·ha-1, AFCPC: 7.89 Mg·ha-1 y MCPS: 6.50 Mg·ha-1) y Norg (BMM: 16.02 Mg·ha-1, AFCPT:14.16 Mg·ha-1, AFCPC: 7.82 Mg·ha-1 y MCPS: 6.44 Mg·ha-1). La relación C:N fue similar en los sistemas.
Conclusiones: El BMM y AFCPT presentaron los mayores almacenamientos de COS y Nt en el suelo. Los sistemas agroforestales con café fueron mejores que el monocultivo de café.
Brotes históricos de descortezadores en México, Guatemala y Honduras (1895-2015) y su relación con las sequías
Authors: Cervantes-Martínez Rosalinda , Cerano-Paredes Julián , Sánchez-Martínez Guillermo , Villanueva-Díaz José , Esquivel-Arriaga Gerardo , Cambrón-Sandoval Víctor Hugo , Méndez-González Jorge , Castruita-Esparza Luis U.
Published: May 2019

Introducción: En Estados Unidos de América, las plagas forestales se asocian a la variabilidad climática. Este tipo de estudios son escasos en México. Objetivos: Generar una base de datos de brotes históricos de descortezadores y analizar su relación con la sequía. Materiales y métodos: Se obtuvieron registros históricos de brotes de descortezadores de documentos oficiales en México, Guatemala, y Honduras. Como proxy del clima se emplearon índices dendroclimáticos. La relación entre los brotes de plagas y el clima se analizó con el programa Superpose Epoch Analysis (SEA). Resultados y discusión: Se generó una base de datos de brotes de descortezadores de 120 años (1895-2015), siendo las especies más frecuentes Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann y Dendroctonus adjunctus Blandford. Se documentaron 106 registros de brotes en 15 estados de la México en el periodo 1903-2015; 16 brotes en Guatemala durante el periodo 1895-2013, y 15 brotes en Honduras en el periodo 1962-2015. Históricamente, los brotes se registraron en años con precipitación por debajo de la media (550 mm) e incrementaron a partir de 1970. El SEA determinó que los brotes en México, Guatemala y Honduras se registraron durante años secos (P < 0.05) con valores positivos no significativos (P > 0.05) de NIÑO 3 y PDSI (Palmer Drought Severity Index) e índices negativos significativos (P < 0.01) de NIÑO 3 y PDSI en el año previo al brote, condiciones que implican intensa sequía. Conclusión: Para los últimos 120 años se determinó una relación significativa entre brotes de descortezadores y condiciones de sequía.
LONG WAVE INFRARED IMAGE COLORIZATION FOR PERSON RE-IDENTIFICATION
Authors: Kniaz V. V. , Bordodymov A. N.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Person re-identification (ReID) in color and thermal images require matching of the object color and its temperature. While thermal cameras increase the performance of ReID systems during the night-time, identification of corresponding features in the visible and the long-wave infrared range is challenging. The biggest challenge arises from the multimodal relationship between an object’s color and its temperature. Modern ReID methods provide state-of-the-art results in person matching in the visible range. Hence, it is possible to perform multimodal matching by translation of a thermal probe image to the color domain. After that, the synthetic color probe image is matched with images from the real color gallery set. This paper is focused on the development of the ThermalReID multispectral person ReID framework. The framework performs matching in two steps. Firstly, it colorizes the input thermal probe image using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). Secondly, it matches images in the color domain using color histograms and MSCR features. We evaluate the ThermalReID framework using RegDB and ThermalWorld datasets. The results of the evaluation are twofold. Firstly, the developed GAN performs realistic colorization of thermal images. Secondly, the ThermalReID framework provides matching of persons in color and thermal images that compete with and surpass the state-of-the-art. The developed ThermalReID framework can be used in video surveillance systems for effective person ReID during the nighttime.
NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SHAPE RECOGNITION BY MEDIAL REPRESENTATION
Authors: Lomov N. , Arseev S.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The article is dedicated to the development of neural networks that process data of a special kind – a medial representation of the shape, which is considered as a special case of an undirected graph. Methods for solving problems that complicate the processing of data of this type by traditional neural networks – different length of input data, heterogeneity of its structure, unordered constituent elements – are proposed. Skeletal counterparts of standard operations used in convolutional neural networks are formulated. Experiments on character recognition for various fonts, on classification of handwritten digits and data compression using the autoencoder-style architecture are carried out.
METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE SYMMETRY OF OBJECTS ON DIGITAL BINARY IMAGES BASED ON FOURIER DESCRIPTOR
Authors: Mestetskiy L. , Zhuravskaya A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. In this paper we solve the problem of finding the symmetry axis of the object in a digital binary image. A new axial symmetry criterion is formulated for a connected discrete object. The problem of determining the symmetry measure and finding the symmetry axes arises in a variety of applications. In discrete images, exact symmetry is possible only in special cases. The disadvantage of the existing methods solving this problem is the high computational complexity. To improve computational efficiency, it is proposed to use the so-called Fourier descriptor. A new method for estimating the asymmetry of a discrete silhouette is proposed. The described algorithm for calculating the measure of asymmetry and determining the axis of symmetry is quadratic by the number of contour points. Methods for reducing the volume of calculations using a convex hull and taking into account the values of the modules of Fourier coefficients are proposed. Computational experiments are conducted with silhouettes of aircraft extracted from earth remote sensing images. The reliability of the described solution is established.
AUTOMATIC DETECTION AND RECOGNITION OF 3D MANUAL GESTURES FOR HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION
Authors: Ryumin D. , Kagirov I. , Ivanko D. , Axyonov A. , Karpov A. A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. In this paper, we propose an approach to detect and recognize 3D one-handed gestures for human-machine interaction. The logical structure of the modules of the system for recording a gestural database is described. The logical structure of the database of 3D gestures is presented. Examples of frames showing gestures in the format of Full High Definition, in the map depth mode and in the infrared illustrated. Models of a deep convolutional network for detecting faces and hand shapes are described. The results of automatic detection of the area with the face and the shape of the hand are given. Identified the distinctive features of the gesture at a certain point in time. The process of recognizing 3D one-handed gestures is described. Due to its versatility, this method can be used in tasks of biometrics, computer vision, machine learning, automatic systems of face recognition, sign languages.
RELIABILITY INDEX FOR IRIS CODE MATCHING IN IRIS RECOGNITION SYSTEMS
Authors: Shekar B. H. , Bhat S. S. , Maysuradze A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Iris code matching is an important stage of iris biometric systems which compares the input iris code with stored patterns of enrolled iris codes and classifies the code into one of classes so that, the claim is accepted or rejected. Several classifier based approaches are proposed by the researchers to improve the recognition accuracy. In this paper, we discuss the factors affecting an iris classifier’s performance and we propose a reliability index for iris matching techniques to quantitatively measure the extent of system reliability, based on false acceptance rate and false rejection rates using Monte Carlo Simulation. Experiments are carried out on benchmark databases such as, IITD, MMU v-2, CASIA v-4 Distance and UBIRIS v.2.
DETECTION OF A HUMAN HEAD ON A LOW-QUALITY IMAGE AND ITS SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Yudin D. , Ivanov A. , Shchendrygin M.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The paper considers the task solution of detection on two-dimensional images not only face, but head of a human regardless of the turn to the observer. Such task is also complicated by the fact that the image receiving at the input of the recognition algorithm may be noisy or captured in low light conditions. The minimum size of a person’s head in an image to be detected for is 10 × 10 pixels. In the course of development, a dataset was prepared containing over 1000 labelled images of classrooms at BSTU n.a. V.G. Shukhov. The markup was carried out using a segmentation software tool specially developed by the authors. Three architectures of convolutional neural networks were trained for human head detection task: a fully convolutional neural network (FCN) with clustering, the Faster R-CNN architecture and the Mask R-CNN architecture. The third architecture works more than ten times slower than the first one, but it almost does not give false positives and has the precision and recall of head detection over 90% on both test and training samples. The Faster R-CNN architecture gives worse accuracy than Mask R-CNN, but it gives fewer false positives than FCN with clustering. Based on Mask R-CNN authors have developed software for human head detection on a lowquality image. It is two-level web-service with client and server modules. This software is used to detect and count people in the premises. The developed software works with IP cameras, which ensures its scalability for different practical computer vision applications.
VISUAL AND COGNITIVE INTERPRETATION OF HETEROGENEOUS DATA
Authors: Zakharova A. A. , Podvesovskii A. G. , Shklyar A. V.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The paper identifies conditions that allow the use of visualization means as tools for practical study of heterogeneous data. Effectiveness requirements, the amount of input data or uncertainty of the overall goal of data analysis should be considered complicating factors for such a study. Development and practical application of visualization tools allow to overcome these factors as a result of using the advantages of visual perception for the source data interpretation. Use of cognitive maps has been proposed as a way to compensate for the subjective aspects of visual perception, as well as a tool for verifying the results of visual analysis. Combined use of visualization tools and cognitive maps forms cognitive interpretation technology, which allows solving the problems of research of empirical data belonging to specialized subject areas. An example application of this technology for processing biomedical data is considered.
DIGITAL WATERMARKING OF 3D MEDICAL VISUAL OBJECTS
Authors: Favorskaya M. N. , Savchina E. I.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. At present, medical equipment provides often 3D models of scanning organs instead of ordinary 2D images. This concept is supported by Digital Imaging and COmmunications in Medicine (DICOM) standard available for telemedicine. This means that the confidential information under transmission ought to be protected by special techniques, particularly digital watermarking scheme instead of textual informative files represented, for example, on CD disks. We propose a multilevel protection, for which a fragile watermark is the first level of protection. The Region Of Interest (ROI) watermark and textual watermarks with information about patient and study (the last ones can be combines as a single textual watermark) form the second level of protection. Encryption of the ROI and textual watermarks using Arnold’s transform is the third level of protection. In the case of 3D models, we find the ROI in each of 2D sliced images, apply the digital wavelet transform or digital shearlet transform (depending on the volume of watermarks) for the ROI and textual watermarks embedding, and embed a fragile watermark using digital Hadamard transform. The main task is to find the relevant regions for embedding. To this and, we develop the original algorithm for selecting relevant regions. The obtained results confirm the robustness of our approach for rotation, scaling, translation, and JPEG attacks.
Research and Trends in the Field of Social Media from 2012 to 2016: A Content Analysis of Studies in Selected Journals
Authors: Bakan Uğur , Han Turgay
Published: May 2019

This paper aims at making a trend analysis of 1142 studies in the field of social media that were published in 12 SSCI journals from 2012 to 2016. Citation and content analyses were used to investigate the trends. Among the 4391 articles published in these journals, 1142 articles were identified as being related to the topic of social media. In the analysis, first, these articles were crossanalyzed by published years, journal, research topic, and citation count. Next, these articles on different sub-topics were analyzed according to their research settings, participants, research design types, and research methods.
Autopercepción de las mariscadoras sobre su representación mediática: estudio de recepción
Authors: Domínguez García Helena
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo muestra cómo las mariscadoras gallegas perciben las representaciones mediáticas de su trabajo, a partir de un estudio de recepción basado en un grupo focal. La investigación tiene en cuenta aportaciones de la Economía Feminista, ya que el marisqueo a pie es un oficio altamente feminizado, y de los Estudios Culturales, que dan cuenta de las particularidades del consumo mediático de las mujeres. Los resultados indican que las mariscadoras presentan un discurso crítico sobre las representaciones propuestas por los medios de comunicación, que tienden a simplificar su trabajo.
De Berlusconi a Trump: la comunicación convertida en espectáculo
Authors: Donofrio Andrea , Rubio Moraga Ángel Luis
Published: May 2019

El ingreso de Silvio Berlusconi en la arena política italiana ha provocado un cambio en la comunicación política, inaugurando una etapa marcada por el protagonismo de los medios de comunicación, el poder de la imagen, la política como espectáculo y la irrupción del video-poder. Su modelo resultó exitoso y apetecible de ser emulado. Y así fue: la campaña electoral de Donald Trump mostró evidentes analogías con el modelo berlusconiano. A través del análisis del discurso político de los dos políticos y de la literatura publicada sobre el tema, se pondrá de manifiesto una nueva forma de comunicar, más próxima al mundo del espectáculo y del entretenimiento. Tanto Berlusconi como Trump son deliberadamente transgresores, adoptan eslóganes provocadores y pegadizos, recurren a expresiones ofensivas. Dos modelos análogos y aún así con algunas diferencias que hacen presagiar una nueva forma de comunicar.
Análisis del "clickbaiting" en los titulares de la prensa española contemporánea / Estudio de caso: Diario "El País" en Facebook
Authors: García Serrano Jesús , Romero-Rodríguez Luis M. , Hernando Gómez Ángel
Published: May 2019

La calidad del periodismo digital se encuentra actualmente en riesgo debido a la alta competencia existente por obtener tráfico desde las redes sociales. Así, resulta cada vez más frecuente la inserción de titulares llamativos (clickbaiting), en ocasiones poco rigurosos, que pretenden funcionar como «anzuelos», pudiendo distorsionar la realidad e incrementar la desinformación. La presente investigación analiza, de forma exploratoria y con enfoque cuanti-cualitativo, las formas de clickbaits presentes en los titulares alojados en la fan page de Facebook de Elpais.com en n= 167 unidades informativas. El estudio arroja que existe alguna forma de clickbait en más de la mitad de la muestra –lo que además infringe la normativa del diario–, fundamentalmente del tipo «omisivo», ítem para el que se ha establecido una nueva subcategorización. Del mismo modo se detectaron significativas faltas de concordancia entre la información contenida en algunos titulares y la incluida en el cuerpo de las noticias.
La infografía periodística en España: definición y tipología de uso
Authors: Ivars-Nicolás Begoña
Published: May 2019

Los medios de comunicación ofrecen contenidos apoyados en elementos gráficos bien para acompañar al texto como elemento decorativo, o bien para hacerlo más comprensible y/o contextualizar la información. Este trabajo propone una definición actualizada de la infografía periodística y establece una tipología según su uso, con el objetivo de clarificar lo mejor posible qué expresiones gráficas pueden considerarse infografía periodística y cuándo debe usarse la infografía para comunicar la información. Para corroborar y apoyar la definición y la tipología resultantes, se ha realizado un estudio de casos de las infografías publicadas en los principales diarios de prensa impresa generalista española: El País, 20 Minutos y El Mundo. Todos los casos analizados cumplen cada una de las características enunciadas en la definición. Además, cada infografía se ha podido ordenar en la clasificación confirmando que los medios españoles utilizan la infografía principalmente para comparar y ubicar datos.
Periódicos locales frente a Internet y las corporaciones transversales de comunicación, información y entretenimiento. El caso de "La Crónica del Quindío" (Colombia)
Authors: Macías Palacio Sandra , Botero Montoya Luis Horacio
Published: May 2019

El acceso gratuito a la información online y el cambio en las preferencias de consumo hacen reconsiderar el futuro de la prensa local frente a Internet y las grandes corporaciones transversales de comunicación, información y entretenimiento. El objetivo de este artículo, producto de investigación de una Maestría en Administración, consiste en examinar las bases de la propuesta de valor del periódico La Crónica del Quindío, el medio de comunicación escrito más representativo del departamento del Quindío-Colombia. La metodología utilizada corresponde a un estudio descriptivo, mediante un proceso hipotético-deductivo. Entre las conclusiones a la que llega la investigación, se determinó que es necesario reformular la propuesta de valor del periódico La Crónica del Quindío, creando un producto a la medida del lector y generar una dinámica de actualización de los contenidos, con el fin que el periódico sea sostenible como modelo de negocio.
Media Attributes and Attitude Change: Experiments on the Impact of Second-Level Agenda-Setting on Attitudes towards Syrian Refugees
Authors: Melek Gizem , Melike Ulucay Dilek
Published: May 2019

This research examined how news content influences attitudes towards Syrian refugees in Turkey. The study aimed to understand if the way Syrian refugees are attributed in media – that is, media salience about Syrian refugees that comprise their image – would cause an attitude change in the public. More specifically, we intend to determine whether being exposed to positive news coverage about Syrian refugees would cause an attitude change in the public from negative to positive. For the purpose of the study, we have conducted a quasi-experimental research and used a pretest-posttest design to investigate the second-level agenda-setting effects. Two experiments (a pilot and a main experiment) were conducted during the Spring term of 2017 in Turkey. The participants were selected from a large private university in Turkey for the experiments. The t-test results suggest that positive media emphasis on the images of Syrian refugees had a positive impact on public opinion and caused an overall attitude change in the public.
Digital news start-ups in Spain: symbolic and social capital as drivers of success
Authors: Mendiguren Galdospin Terese , Agirreazkuenaga Onaindia Irati , Meso Ayerdi Koldo
Published: May 2019

Ongoing downsizing in the media sector has sparked a new start-up culture in the field of journalism. Over the past few years an increasing number of news organizations seeking to leverage social and symbolic rather than financial capital and cultivate employee as well as audience loyalty have entered the market (Wagemans, Witschge and Deuze, 2016). This paper examines El Diario (eldiario.es) and El Confidencial (elconfidencial.com). Qualitative methods involving the on-site observation in their newsrooms and semi-structured interviews with their journalists were employed. Findings indicate that both see themselves as alternative news providers whose emphasis El Diario draws heavily upon the symbolic capital of its founder Ignacio Escolar, El Confidencial, has banked primarily on its social capital.
Apología del fascismo en la capital de la cruzada: "Diario de Burgos" y "El Castellano" al servicio de la causa de Franco
Authors: Sanz Hernando Clara
Published: May 2019

El trabajo profundiza en los contenidos de la prensa burgalesa durante la Guerra Civil (1936-1939). Burgos se convirtió en la capital de la España nacional tras el golpe de Estado contra la República. En la nueva concepción totalitaria que el bando franquista le tenía reservado a los medios de comunicación, Diario de Burgos y El Castellano actuaron desde el primer día como portavoces y altavoces de la propaganda fascista. A través del análisis de sus portadas se observa su nuevo papel como prensa de combate ideológico al servicio de la causa de Franco; que el conflicto armado es la temática principal, si bien al prolongarse en el tiempo decrece su importancia para dar cabida a otras cuestiones, y que el tratamiento de los hechos noticiosos, siendo bastante similar por el potente sistema de censura y consignas, remarca el carácter ultra católico y más doctrinario de El Castellano.