bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of bariatric surgery on obstructive sleep apnea: using the STOP-Bang score as a screening tool
Authors: Khattab Mohamed , Nashed Goerge A. E. F. , Abdelfatah Mostafa M. , Mahmoud Malek M. M. , Mostafa Mohamed Saber
Published: March 2024

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the most prevalent major sleep disorder in the world, has been associated with obesity. Besides reducing weight, bariatric surgery has been reported to improve OSA. Data on the effects of bariatric surgery on OSA are scarce in Egypt. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of bariatric surgery on OSA.

Patients and methods

This is a prospective study that was conducted on patients who were candidates for bariatric surgery at our institution who completed the STOP-Bang questionnaire before the surgery with a score greater than or equal to 4 and underwent re-evaluation 6 months after surgery. All patients underwent a standardized clinical assessment. The 6-month follow-up data were recorded and analyzed.

Results

The present study included 30 patients, with a mean baseline BMI of 54.32±9.77 kg/m2. The surgeries performed were Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) (n=21, 70%) and Laparoscopic Roux en Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) (n=9, 30%). The mean baseline STOP-Bang score was 5.3±1.09. At the 6-month follow-up, the mean 6-month postoperative STOP-Bang score was 1.13±1.04 (P<0.001). No statistically significant differences were noted in the BMI or the STOP-Bang score before and after surgery according to the surgery type (P>0.05). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the 6-month BMI reduction and the Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnea, Pressure, BMI, Age, Neck, Gender (STOP-Bang) score improvement (r=0.397, P=0.0298).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the bariatric surgery-initiated evident improvement and even complete resolution of OSA in patients with obesity, as measured by the STOP-Bang score.
Effect of COVID-19 infection on Semen Parameters
Authors: ElSaeed Karim , Emam Ahmed
Published: March 2024

Objective

To investigate the possible effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on semen parameters in recovering men.

Patients and methods

In this prospective study, we investigated the impact of COVID-19 infection on semen parameters in a cohort of 44 reproductive-aged men who had recently recovered from COVID-19. Two sperm samples were collected from these participants at 3 and 6 months after infection and were compared with the patients’ pre-COVID-19 semen parameters.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 35±5 years. The mean duration of fever was 3 days. Most of our studied patients 32 (73%) were not hospitalized, and none were admitted to an intensive care unit. Thirty-two cases (73%) had a normal baseline semen analysis.

There was no statistically significant change in semen volume after 3 or 6 months or between 3 and 6 months. Meanwhile, the sperm concentration, total sperm count, progressive sperm motility, and normal morphology significantly declined after 3 and 6 months compared with baseline. These parameters partially recovered after 6 months, compared with 3 months.

In contrast to patients with normal baseline semen analysis, patients with abnormal baseline semen analysis had a significant increase in semen volume, a decrease in sperm concentration, and progressive motility at 3 and 6 months.

Patients who had high-grade fever had a statistically significant change in total count at 3 and 6 months and normal morphology at 3 months compared with patients with low-grade fever.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that most semen parameters were negatively impacted after COVID-19 infection. The changes were partially reversible 6 months after the infection.
Nonmelanoma facial skin cancer: surgical planning for resection and reconstruction
Authors: Al-Qadasi Nasr , Al-Sayaghi Yahia , Al-tam Abdullfatah , AL-Fakih Raddad
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The most effective treatment for nonmelanotic fascial skin cancer is surgical excision. Preoperative planning and a thorough grasp of reconstructive procedures, such as primary closure skin grafting, locoregional tissue flaps, remote tissue flaps, and free tissue transfer, are essential for the surgical therapy of these tumors. The choice of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) therapy is very specific to each patient and is influenced by the patient’s age, size, histologic subtype, and location of the disease.

Treatment is to obliterate the lesion while maintaining normal tissue, function, and appearance. The ideas and methods of surgical excision and reconstruction of skin malignancies unique to the face were covered in this study.

Patients and methods

This study involved 98 patients of various ages and sexes. Of them, 89% had basal cell carcinoma and 11% had squamous cell carcinoma, both low-and high-risk tumors with varying sizes, locations, and histological subtypes. A safety margin of 3–5 mm is used for excision of low-risk malignancies and 5–10 mm for high-risk cancers. In 17 patients, skin grafts (split-thickness skin grafts and full-thickness skin grafts) are employed. 56 patients underwent local advancement, transposition, and rotational flaps; 15 patients underwent regional interpolation flaps; 6 patients sustained neck lymph node infiltration so they underwent cervical block dissection and distant pedicled flaps as latissimus dorsi muscle flaps; and 4 patients underwent cervical block dissection and free tissue transfer.

Results

Six patients experienced problems in the form of two partial graft and flap losses, two wound infections, and one scar retraction; however, with targeted care, they recovered well. Ninety-two percent of patients found the cosmetic outcomes satisfactory, and the functional outcome was good.

Conclusion

Wide excision and appropriate surgical reconstruction are ideal treatment modalities and may yield good aesthetic results or functional outcome, also the use of split-thickness skin grafts does not come as a first priority, where a lot of cases could have been treated with local flaps, as demonstrated in this consecutive series of treated patients. Treatment of NMSC on the face required a basic knowledge, presents a challenge to plastic surgeons, and is based on achieving the best oncological, functional, and cosmetic result. It is crucial to emphasize the need of patient education and appropriate tumor monitoring after NMSC therapy.

A review of a big series of facial malignancy that may guide further studies cannot be understated.
Safety and feasibility of cystic duct control with suture ligation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Madany Mohie El-Din M. , Kabbash Mansor M. , Mostafa Hussien A. , Maghraby Ahmed M. , Ahmed Mahmoud S.
Published: March 2024

Background

Securing the cystic duct in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) can be achieved through suturing ligation (intracorporeal or extracorporeal), clips, electrocautery, and ultramodern vessel sealing energy devices. Suturing ligation is a safe and a cost-effective measure in low-resource settings such as developing countries.

Patients and methods

The rationale of this current prospective study was to establish the safety and feasibility of intracorporeal suturing ligation for securing the cystic duct during LC in the local setting. Patients who were eligible for LC at the Aswan University Hospital’s General Surgery Department were included.

Results

In all, 260 patients were included in our study. Most of the participants were females, representing 92.69% of patients. The mean age of participants was 39.82±9.96 years, and 95.77% were overweight or obese. The mean±SD time for cystic duct ligation and closure was 3.03±0.64, and the median [interquartile range (IQR)] was 2.90 min (1.11 min). The mean±SD operative time was 88.19±27.81 min, and the median (IQR) was 84 min (31.75 min). Also, the mean±SD hospital stay was 1.11±0.55 days, and the median (IQR) was 1 day (0 day). There was no intraoperative significant bile duct injury, bile leak, or bleeding. No visceral injury was encountered. The success rate of the operation was 100%. None needed to be redone. No case needed conversion to open surgery. No bile leakage or other complication was seen during the follow-up period.

Conclusion

In resource-constrained settings, suture ligation of the cystic duct is a safe technique with low rates of postoperative complications. Cystic duct control with intracorporeal suture ligation is an essential technique that can be learned, requiring knot-tying skills.
Early and late complications arising from various bariatric surgical procedures in a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aljiffry Murad M. , Abulfaraj Waleed M. , Maghrabi Ashraf , Abulfaraj Moaz , Tayeb Rama , Akbar Jumana , Bamakhrama Basma , Alotaibi Raghad K. , Alotaibi Rahaf , Baamir Noor
Published: March 2024

Background

Individuals who are obese or morbidly obese face a significantly higher risk of experiencing postoperative complications. To evaluate high-risk patients undergoing bariatric surgery and mitigate the likelihood of further postoperative complications, various indicators are utilized. There are no prior reports about bariatric surgical procedures-related early/late complications that came out from the western region of Saudi Arabia.

Aim

This retrospective study aims to evaluate both short-term and long-term postoperative complications after several bariatric surgeries, including sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and revisional bariatric surgery.

Patients and methods

The assessment of complications in 328 patients who underwent bariatric surgery involved analyzing demographic data, medical and surgical history, preoperative and postoperative BMI, histopathologic findings, and early and late complications. These data were obtained from a prospectively maintained database.

Results

Of the total participants, 241 underwent sleeve gastrectomy, 43 underwent gastric bypass, and 44 had revisional bariatric surgery. Complication rates varied among the different bariatric surgeries. Specifically, SG patients had the lowest early major complication rate (2.1%), while gastric bypass patients had a rate of 4.7%. Conversely, the ‘revisional’ operations reported the highest rate of early complications at 9.1%. Late complications demonstrated varying rates, with sleeve gastrectomy patients experiencing the highest incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease at 39%, and gastric bypass patients showing the highest rate of nutritional deficiency at 58%.

Conclusion

The study found that the baseline characteristics of patients did not exert a statistically significant influence on the occurrence of postoperative complications. However, different types of bariatric surgeries presented varying complication rates. Patients who underwent gastric bypass tended to have the highest rate of nutritional deficiency, while sleeve gastrectomy patients exhibited the highest rate of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Selecting the appropriate bariatric surgical procedure warrants careful consideration of patients’ preferences, demographic characteristics, presence of other medical conditions, and a comprehensive understanding of the potential advantages and disadvantages of each surgical option. Collectively, our findings would help discussing the expected outcome with the patients before surgery.
A comparative study on the cosmetic outcomes of ultrasound-guided versus palpation-guided conservative breast surgery in patients with early palpable breast cancer
Authors: Salama Ahmed M.F. , Abuelnasr Mohamed I. , Sweed Enas M. , Nawar Ahmed M.
Published: March 2024

Background

In conservative breast surgery, a larger volume of resected breast tissue is associated with a poorer cosmetic outcomes. Therefore, the introduction of ultrasonography in the excision of palpable breast cancer aims to minimize the excision of healthy tissue ensuring oncologically safe excision, and hence, a better cosmetic outcome compared with palpation-guided surgery (PGS).

Aim

To compare ultrasound-guided surgery (UGS) for palpable breast cancer with PGS in terms of safety margin, re-excision rate, and cosmetic outcome.

Patients and methods

This is a prospective, randomized, controlled study conducted on 79 female patients with early palpable breast cancer. Patients were randomized to undergo either UGS or PGS. The mean distance between the tumor and the resection margin, re-excision rate, operative time, cosmetic outcome, and patient satisfaction were assessed.

Statistical analysis used

Data management and statistical analysis were done using SPSS, version 28. Quantitative data were assessed for normality using the Shapiro–Wilk test and direct data visualization methods. According to normality, quantitative data were summarized as means and SDs. Categorical data were summarized as numbers and percentages. Quantitative data were compared between the studied groups using independent t test. Categorical data were compared using the χ
2 test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to predict good to excellent patient satisfaction. All statistical tests were two-sided. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results

The UGS group showed significantly higher excellent panel evaluation (48.7 vs. 22.5%, P=0.028) and patient satisfaction (61.5 vs. 30%). The UGS group demonstrated significantly longer operative time but significantly lower re-resection rate and distance from tumor to resection margin (0.62±0.16 vs. 1.72±0.35 cm, P<0.001). The predictors of the outcomes were tumor T stage (T2 stages associated with less satisfaction), tumor to resection margin distance (the more distance the less satisfaction), and ultrasound use.

Conclusion

The UGS proves to be superior to PGS as it significantly decreases re-excision rates and improves overall cosmetic outcome and patient satisfaction.
Enteric duplication cyst in an infant with recurrent vomiting
Authors: Hirade Tomohiro , Ueno Yu , Fukushima Shuntaro , Kumori Koji
Published: March 2024

Enteric duplication cysts (EDCs) are relatively rare but important because they can arise anywhere from the mouth to the anus and cause gastrointestinal obstruction, bleeding, and volvulus. We describe a case of an EDC in a 4-month-old boy who presented with recurrent vomiting and abdominal distension. Ultrasonography revealed a large cystic lesion on the ileocecum. As specific signs of the EDC on ultrasonography, the “double-wall” sign and “Y” sonographic configuration were identified, and a cystic ileocecal duplication was diagnosed. The patient underwent surgical resection of the cyst and was discharged from the hospital without sequelae. EDCs can be used for the differential diagnosis of recurrent vomiting and abdominal distension. Pediatricians should carefully observe the wall and adjacent connection of cysts using ultrasonography, because the specific signs seen on ultrasonography scans can differentiate EDCs from other abdominal cysts or tumors.
The Clinicoradiological Outcome of Arthroscopic-assisted Reduction and Internal Fixation of Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Rather Aabid Ahmad , Bhat Aamir Nazir , Gilani Mohammad Azhar , Bhat Jawed Ahmad
Published: March 2024

Background:

The fractures of the tibial plateau are intraarticular fractures accounting for 1% of all fractures. Surgical management of such fractures is often challenging because they require anatomical reduction and stable fixation, which will allow for early rehabilitation. Arthroscopy has evolved nowadays and arthroscopically assisted reduction and fixation is a good option among the available surgical options.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective study included 50 cases of tibial plateau fractures managed surgically by arthroscopic-assisted reduction and fixation starting from August 2019 to December 2022.

Results:

The patients were 39 years old on average and were mostly men (58%). The right knee was the most usually injured (53%), and the most common cause of injury (41.5%) was a fall from a height. The majority of these fractures (44.5%) belonged to Schatzker type 2, followed by type 1 (37%) and type 3 (18.5%). The average time to complete weight-bearing for a Schatzker type I fracture was 10 weeks, 11.5 weeks for a type II fracture, and 13.5 weeks for a type III fracture. The average time to union for Schatzker type I was 13 weeks, 15.5 weeks for type II, and 16 weeks for type III. The mean clinical and radiological scores using the modified Rasmussen criteria were 26.3 and 7.3, respectively.

Conclusions:

A good surgical outcome of tibial plateau fracture is acquired when anatomic articular surface reconstruction with the elevation of depressed bone fragment is combined with rigid stable fixation, which permits early rehabilitation. Arthroscopy helps in achieving these goals by providing a good visualization of the articular surfaces, adequate fracture reduction, and anatomical restoration of the joint surface and aids in thorough joint lavage to remove the intraarticular debris.
Acromioclavicular Joint Reconstruction with Modified Weaver–Dunn Operation Versus Hamstring Tendon Autograft Comparative Study
Authors: Abozied Mahmoud Ahmed Sayed , Albegawi Hossam Eldin Abdelnabbi Ibrahim , ElAshhab Mohamed Gamal Eldin , Bayomy Elsayed M.
Published: March 2024

Background:

The dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) is recognized as one of the most frequently occurring injuries most often after either direct or indirect force is applied to the affected shoulder. The best method of AC reconstruction is still controversial. Modified Weaver–Dunn operation (WD) is one of the popular operations. Recent ACJ reconstruction methods include the usage of the gracilis, semitendinosus auto grafts, synthetic grafts, end buttons, nonabsorbable sutures, suture anchors, and tight-rope system.

Aim and Objectives:

Clinical and radiological results of hamstring autograft versus modified WD operation for reconsrtuction of coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular ligaments.

Patients and Methods:

This prospective study was carried out at the orthopedic department of Benha University Hospital carried out on 30 cases with chronic ACJ dislocation. They divided into two groups. The modified WD technique was employed on 15 patients, whereas an autogenous semitendinosus tendon graft was used on the other 15. There was a comparison of radiographs taken before and after surgery.

Results:

Mean surgical time and coracoclavicular (CC) distance differed statistically between groups. Neither demographic data nor postoperative information (pain, range of motion, and postop) showed a difference of statistical significance between the groups. Constant score and post operative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score (ASES) and post operative complications show no statistically significant difference.

Conclusion:

Both AC and CC reconstruction by hamstring tendon autograft showed good-to-excellent outcomes with no implant-related complications as some other treatment methods, also more anatomical procedure more than WD operation with better biomechanical vertical and horizontal stability.
Prominent Transverse Sinus of Pericardium is Uncommon Diagnostic Pitfall on Echocardiography: Clues to Diagnosis
Authors: Angjushev Marija Kotevska , Angjushev Darko , Dikic Ana Djordjevic
Published: March 2024

Transverse sinus (TS) is a normal structure of pericardium, usually visualized on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Rarely, when it is prominent, it may be visualized on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), as a mobile circumscribed mass in the parasternal short-axis view. Due to its location adjacent to left atrial appendage (LAA), it can be misdiagnosed as an LAA thrombus. A 41-year-old woman presented with heart failure signs. TTE showed a circumscribed mass (1 cm × 2 cm), in or adjacent to the LAA, suggestive of an LAA thrombus. Additional maneuvers with the transducer made it obvious that it was a prominent TS, adjacent to the LAA, while the appendage was empty. TEE confirmed the diagnosis.
Congenital Aneurysmal Tunnel of the Trabecular Muscular Interventricular Septum or a Partially Closed Ventricular Septal Defect? A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Shukla Madhu , Mohan Jagdish Chander
Published: March 2024

Isolated congenital aneurysm-like deformity of the muscular interventricular septum is rare and may be associated with other congenital heart defects, ventricular dysfunction, conduction disturbances, and chromosomal abnormalities. It may be a partial or near-total defect. We report a tunnel-like congenital anomaly of the mid-muscular ventricular septum without other congenital anomalies or conduction disturbance in a 17-year-old asymptomatic girl. The partial ventricular septal defect was lined on the outer side by the right ventricular endocardium and showed partial obliteration during systole.
Integrated Psychological Rehabilitation Program on Neurocognition, Social Skill, and Functional Disability in Persons with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hegde Gayatri , Sahithya B. R.
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Schizophrenia, a chronic and severe mental disorder, is characterized by disruptions in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior. These disturbances are accompanied by significant cognitive and social skill deficits that affect their functional outcomes encompassing employment, independent living, social interactions, and community integration. To address these issues, the development of psychological rehabilitation programs addressing cognitive and social skill deficits becomes pivotal in schizophrenia care.

Objective:

The study was designed to develop modules for the integrated psychological rehabilitation program (IPRP) that focus on neurocognitive functions, social skills, and functional disability and evaluate its feasibility among schizophrenia patients.

Materials and Methods:

The present study made use of a pre- and posttest research design and used purposive sampling to recruit patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Twelve participants completed the 1-month IPRP along with the pre- and posttest evaluations encompassing cognitive functions, social skills, and disability using the Bender Gestalt Test, Social Skills Assessment Screening Scale, NIMHANS neuropsychology battery, Postgraduate Institute Memory Scale, and WHO Disability Assessment Schedule II. IPRP consisted of psychoeducation, cognitive retraining, and social skills training.

Results:

The majority of the participants were college educated (91.7%), unemployed (83.3%), single (75%), males (75%), residing in urban areas (66.7%), and living in joint family (66.7%). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare pre- and posttest means. The results found significant improvements in various cognitive domains, including visuospatial ability (Z = 2.43, P = 0.015), remote (Z = 2.12, P = 0.034) and immediate memory (Z = 2.04, P = 0.042), verbal retention for similar (Z = 2.26, P = 0.024) and dissimilar pairs (Z = 2.82, P = 0.005), recognition (Z = 2.14, P = 0.032), total memory (Z = 3.06, P = 0.002), mental speed in terms of time taken (Z = 2.98, P = 0.003) and errors made (Z = 2.26, P = 0.024) on the digit symbol substitution test, comprehension (Z = 2.84, P = 0.004), social skills (Z = 2.807, P = 0.005), and overall disability (Z = 2.94, P = 0.003).

Conclusion:

The findings from the study underscore the potential of the IPRP in mitigating cognitive deficits, enhancing social skills, and reducing overall disability among schizophrenia patients.
D-optimal Design Optimization of Solvent Mixture for Flavonoid Extraction from Phalaenopsis Leaves with Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Sanjaya I Putu Wahyu , Sudarsono  , Chan Ming-Tsair , Sukma Dewi , Buchori Ade , Putra Raihan Permana , Nurcholis Waras
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Aims:

This study aimed to optimize the extraction of flavonoids and antioxidants from Phalaenopsis leaves by using solvent mixtures.

Method:

The total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity were evaluated using the colorimetric method and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), respectively. Maceration extracts from fresh leaves were used for the analysis. The study used the Design Expert 13.0 program to optimize the solvents (water, acetone, and methanol) and their combined ratio.

Result:

The results showed that 100% acetone was the best solvent for both responses, with a desirability value of 0.884, TFC of 0.434 mg QE/g fresh weight (FW) and FRAP of 713.53 μmol TE/g FW. Screening of the most potent Phalaenopsis genotypes for obtaining the most active leaf extract showed that P. amboinensis and P. pantherina were the best genotypes for TFC (0.786–0.797 mg QE/g FW) and FRAP activity (862.25–891.48 μmol TE/g FW).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates an easy and useful way to obtain flavonoids and antioxidants from Phalaenopsis materials that can be used in the flower-based industry to make new functional ingredients.
Evaluation of Spermatogenic Activity of Polyherbal Compound Musalyadi Churna and its Protective Effect Against Nicotine-Induced Testicular Degeneration in Sprague–Dawley Rats
Authors: Khan Mujahid B. , Rathi Bharat J. , Thakur Sudarshan K.
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The ancient science of life known as Ayurveda uses a variety of formulations or herbal compounds to treat a wide range of illnesses. Male infertility accounts for half of all infertility worldwide, and numerous etiological variables play a role. A pharmacologically active tobacco component called nicotine has a negative impact on male fertility and the reproductive system. Musalyadi Churna (MSC) is one of the polyherbal compound formulations mentioned in Ayurveda Classics for aphrodisiac therapy and recommended for the treatment of male infertility.

Objective:

The current study aims to evaluate the spermatogenic potential of MSC along with its protective effect against testicular degeneration induced by nicotine in rat models.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty adult Sprague–Dawley male rats were used in the experiment, which were divided into ten groups of six rats each. Nicotine was administered orally as disease control. The standard and vehicle control were also included along with study drug groups in which MSC was administered orally to the rats. The study was conducted for 70 days for each group with assessment of body weight and food consumption. After treatment, rats were weighed and sacrificed for evaluation of parameters like organ weight, epididymal sperm count, and sperm morphology along with histological assessment. The data were statistically evaluated using analysis of variance test and Bonferroni multiple-comparison range test to compare different treatment groups.

Results and Conclusion:

In the present study, MSC possesses substantial spermatogenic efficacy, and the result indicates that the study drug possesses a protective effect against nicotine-induced impaired testicular functions in rats, but further research to elucidate its exact mechanism of action is essential.
Advancements in Nutraceutical Delivery: Integrating Nanotechnology and Microencapsulation for Enhanced Efficacy and Bioavailability
Authors: Gul Shanzay , Miano Tahseen Fatima , Mujeeb Anees , Chachar Muzafaruddin , Majeedano Memoona Islam , Murtaza Ghazal , Ahmed Wazeer , Khanzada Yasha Abid , Ansari Mariam
Published: March 2024

Nutraceuticals, derived from various foods, have gained significance for promoting health and managing diseases. Despite their nutritional value, challenges such as low solubility, poor diffusion, gastrointestinal instability, and limited bioavailability impede their effectiveness as preventive agents. Nanotechnology-driven drug delivery systems, including liposomes, nanospheres, nanoemulsions, micelles, and nanocrystals, offer innovative solutions to enhance efficacy and oral bioavailability. These advanced formulations not only augment the physicochemical properties and therapeutic efficacy of nutraceuticals but also enable targeted delivery. A diverse range of nanocarriers, encompassing liposomes to inorganic nanoparticles, addresses specific challenges in nutraceutical formulations, exhibiting unique properties such as heightened stability, palatability, and lymphatic uptake for increased bioavailability. Lipid nanocarriers facilitate the permeation of neuroprotective nutraceuticals through the blood–brain barrier, while liposomal delivery systems shield bioactives from oxidation and light, accommodating both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. In addition, polymeric nanocarriers, exemplified by micelles, outperform lipidic counterparts, ensuring controlled release. Natural sources contribute to the development of polymeric nanoparticles, offering controlled delivery with reduced toxicity. Polysaccharides and proteins diversify delivery platforms, encompassing the loading of nutraceuticals and functional nutrients. Nanotechnology emerges as a pivotal player in advancing the solubility, bioavailability, and stability of bioactives, with ongoing research focused on refining formulations, like curcumin, for effective cancer and inflammation management. While these advancements hold promise, careful consideration of challenges, including toxicity and cost, is imperative to fully unlock the potential of nanotechnology in nutraceutical delivery, ensuring both safety and cost-effectiveness. The significance of microencapsulation and nanotechnology in the nutraceutical delivery system is thoroughly explored in this comprehensive review.
Anterior approach for sciatic nerve localization: A novel observational pilot study utilizing sonoanatomical landmarks
Authors: Singh Rupali , Jain Richa , Singh M. Rupinder , Grewal Anju , Singh Gaurav
Published: March 2024

Background:

Anterior approach to sciatic nerve (SN) block has been an underutilized technique due to the technical difficulties and lack of accurate landmarks to guide the localization of the nerve. This prospective, observational study was planned to evaluate the sonoanatomical relationship of SN with femoral neurovascular complex and femoral shaft by anterior approach for easy identification.

Materials and Methods:

After ethics committee approval and written informed consent, sonoanatomy of SN in anteromedial thigh was observed in 30 American Society of Anesthesiologists I–III patients. Measurements of distance between SN, femoral shaft, and femoral neurovascular complex were taken. Surface landmark for probe positioning was also noted.

Results:

We observed that SN was consistently located in a triangular arrangement with femoral shaft and femoral neurovascular complex. Distance of SN from femoral shaft located superolaterally was 43.4 ± 12 mm. Distance of SN from femoral neurovascular complex located superiorly was 44.8 ± 11.4 mm. Distance between femoral shaft and femoral neurovascular complex was 39.1 ± 9.4 mm and distance of ultrasound probe placement for optimal visualization of SN from inguinal crease was 167 ± 29 mm.

Conclusion:

We propose a new and more distal sonoanatomical landmark for ultrasound-guided approach to anterior SN block which consistently localizes the SN in relation to femoral shaft and femoral neurovascular complex and can be easily performed in all patients in the supine position.
E-GVD: Efficient Software Vulnerability Detection Techniques Based on Graph Neural Network
Authors: Wang Haiye , Qu Zhiguo , Sun Le
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: Vulnerability detection is crucial for preventing severe security incidents like hacker attacks, data breaches, and network paralysis. Traditional methods, however, face challenges such as low efficiency and insufficient detail in identifying code vulnerabilities. OBJECTIVES: This paper introduces E-GVD, an advanced method for source code vulnerability detection, aiming to address the limitations of existing methods. The objective is to enhance the accuracy of function-level vulnerability detection and provide detailed, understandable insights into the vulnerabilities. METHODS: E-GVD combines Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which are adept at handling graph-structured data, with residual connections and advanced Programming Language (PL) pre-trained models. RESULTS: Experiments conducted on the real-world vulnerability dataset CodeXGLUE show that E-GVD significantly outperforms existing baseline methods in detecting vulnerabilities. It achieves a maximum accuracy gain of 4.98%, indicating its effectiveness over traditional methods. CONCLUSION: E-GVD not only improves the accuracy of vulnerability detection but also contributes by providing fine-grained explanations. These explanations are made possible through an interpretable Machine Learning (ML) model, which aids developers in quickly and efficiently repairing vulnerabilities, thereby enhancing overall software security.
Abdominal cocoon syndrome-a rare culprit behind small bowel ischemia and obstruction: Three case reports
Authors: Vipudhamorn Witcha , Juthasilaparut Tawan , Sutharat Pawit , Sanmee Suwan , Supatrakul Ekkarin
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Abdominal cocoon syndrome (ACS) represents a category within sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis, characterized by the encapsulation of internal organs with a fibrous, cocoon-like membrane of unknown origin, resulting in bowel obstruction and ischemia. Diagnosing this condition before surgery poses a challenge, often requiring confirmation during laparotomy. In this context, we depict three instances of ACS: One linked to intestinal obstruction, the second exclusively manifesting as intestinal ischemia without any obstruction, and the final case involving a discrepancy between the radiologist and the surgeon.

CASE SUMMARY

Three male patients, aged 53, 58, and 61 originating from Northern Thailand, arrived at our medical facility complaining of abdominal pain without any prior surgeries. Their vital signs remained stable during the assessment. The diagnosis of abdominal cocoon was confirmed through abdominal computed tomography (CT) before surgery. In the first case, the CT scan revealed capsules around the small bowel loops, showing no enhancement, along with mesenteric congestion affecting both small and large bowel loops, without a clear obstruction. The second case showed intestinal obstruction due to an encapsulated capsule on the CT scan. In the final case, a patient presented with recurring abdominal pain. Initially, the radiologist suspected enteritis as the cause after the CT scan. However, a detailed review led the surgeon to suspect encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (ACS) and subsequently perform surgery. The surgical procedure involved complete removal of the encapsulating structure, resection of a portion of the small bowel, and end-to-end anastomosis. No complications occurred during surgery, and the patients had a smooth recovery after surgery, eventually discharged in good health. The histopathological examination of the fibrous membrane (cocoon) across all cases consistently revealed the presence of fibro-collagenous tissue, without any indications of malignancy.

CONCLUSION

Individuals diagnosed with abdominal cocoons commonly manifest vague symptoms of abdominal discomfort. An elevated degree of clinical suspicion, combined with the application of appropriate radiological evaluations, markedly improves the probability of identifying the abdominal cocoon before surgical intervention. In cases of complete bowel obstruction or ischemia, the established norm is the comprehensive removal of the peritoneal sac as part of standard care. Resection with intestinal anastomosis is advised solely when ischemia and gangrene have been confirmed.
Modeling the Mathematical Transmission of a Pneumonia Epidemic Model with Awareness
Authors: Olopade I. A. , Akinola E. I. , Philemon M. E. , Mohammed I. T. , Ajao S. O. , Sangoniyi S. O. , Adeniran G. A.
Published: March 2024

A new model for the transmission of a pneumonia epidemic, considering awareness and a mass action incidence function, is presented. Stability analyses for disease-free and endemic equilibrium points are conducted. The Basic Reproduction Number (Ro) for pneumonia with awareness is defined and analyzed, showing stability when (Ro < 1)  and transitioning to an endemic state when (Ro > 1)  . Additionally, a special case is highlighted where the Basic Reproduction Number (Ro*) (without awareness) is greater than  (Ro). Basic Reproduction Number with awareness, i.e. (Ro* = 1.0965 > Ro = 0.8772). Furthermore, a numerical simulation is provided to depict how awareness influences the dynamic management of the disease. The results underscore the crucial role of awareness in educating the public about infection risks, ultimately contributing to a decrease in the health burden by mitigating the epidemic peak.
Investigation of the Morpho-Anatomical and Epidermal Properties of Commelina erecta L.
Authors: Wahua C. , Peter R. B.
Published: March 2024

In traditional medicine, Commelina erecta L. has been used as antiviral, for the treatment of hemorrhages, skin rashes and sores, and for the treatment of infections. It is also used as a wild edible plant in salads, preserves or decorating the dishes. Hence, the objective of this paper was to investigate the morpho-anatomical and epidermal properties of Commelina erecta L of Commelinaceae using appropriate standard methods. Results revealed C. erecta as a Broadleaf and vivacious branching up to 20 to 55 cm in length as it trails and roots at nodes, having leaves which are elliptical, oval to lanceolate and sub sessile about 2.5 ± 0.5 cm long and 1.5 ± 0.5 cm wide; the leaf sheath is closed and united at base. The stomata are anomocytic, tetracytic and paracytic stomata with pentagonal to heptagonal epidermal cells and trichomes (piloses) including glandular trichomes which are amphistomatic. Anatomical sections showcased root pith, vascular bundles scattered and concentrated towards the ground tissues. These information would assist for further delimitation of the species.
Phytotoxicity Assay of Cu, Pb and Zn on Launaea cornuta and Sporobolus jacquemontii Grown in Heavy Metal contaminated soil
Authors: Mkumbo S. K.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, a phytotoxicity assay is used to assess the harmfulness and tolerance of L. cornuta and S. jacquemontii in phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. The effects of Pb, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the soil on the number of leaves generated, root and shoot growth, and tolerance indices of the investigated plant species were analyzed. The experimental plants were grown in soil with 0, 100, 300, 600, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 mg/kg dry soil weight (DW for Pb, Cu, and Zn). Sample preparation and laboratory analysis followed the standard methods. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GraphPad Instat 3.1 software. The growth mean of different treatments was compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at p < 0.05. Plants grown in soil containing more than 300/kg DW metal contents exhibited a significant effect on the growth of the root and shoot. Concentrations lower than 300 did not show any significant effects. At 1500 mg/kgDW, the numbers and sizes of leaves decreased very significantly, while at 2000 mg/kgDW both plants failed to survive. The toxic effects of the metals on biomass production showed inhibition in the following trend: Zn>Cu>Pb. The results suggest that hyper accumulator plants can also be affected by metals in the soils on which they grow. Therefore, the application of L. cornuta and S. jacquemontii as phytoremediation plants at higher metal soil concentrations requires the application of soil amendments to minimize the toxicity effect of metal on the plants.
Global stability and Sensitivity Analysis of Malaria, Dengue and Typhoid Triple Infection
Authors: Oluwafemi T. J. , Azuaba E. , Bako D. , Dayap J.
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the global stability of the endemic equilibrium point of triple co-infection of malaria, dengue, and typhoid. By using an appropriate Lyapunov function, the results show that the model is globally asymptotically stable. This implies that the diseases can be eradicated or kept at low levels, regardless of the population. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to identify the most sensitive parameter. The results indicate that strategies to reduce malaria and dengue fever vectors should be prioritized to curb the spread of the diseases. Additionally, minimizing exposure to contaminated water and food, as well as reducing the discharge of typhoid bacteria into the environment, can help to reduce or curb the spread of typhoid in the environment.
Assessing the Potential of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex. G. Don - A Leguminous Plant Species commonly found in Nigeria to Decontaminate Crude Oil-polluted Soil in Terrestrial Ecosystem
Authors: Oyedeji A. A. , Oyedeji O. F. , Immanuel O. M. , Adekoya O. O.
Published: March 2024

The potentials of Parkia biglobosa (a leguminous plant species) to decontaminated crude oil-polluted soil in terrestrial ecosystem was evaluated in this study using appropriate standard techniques to estimate seedling germination, height, collar diameter, number of leaves and physicochemical characteristics (organic matter, pH, calcium, magnesium and sodium, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) of soil used, were determined using standard protocols. Results indicated that varying concentration of crude oil influenced the variables measured. For 0 ml, 25 ml, 50 ml, 75 ml and 100 ml crude oil treatments, Parkia biglobosa had 18%, 18%, 16%, 13% and 11% germination rate correspondingly; mean height of 38.70cm, 26.80cm, 21.20cm, 18.50cm and 6.80cm respectively, mean collar diameter of 0.32mm, 0.30mm, 0.26mm, 0.24mm and 0.22mm respectively; 2, 0, 0, 0 and 0 nodules count respectively, and 8.00, 6.00, 5.00, 5.00 and 2.00 leaf count respectively. All physicochemical parameters measured decreased in the soil in inverse proportion to crude oil concentration. So also, seedling germination, height, collar diameter, number of leaves and nodulation decreased in inverse proportion to crude oil concentration. Parkia biglobosa grew tolerably in both high and low concentrations of crude oil, which is an indication of its able to withstand crude oil toxicity. Parkia biglobosa as a nitrogen fixing plant would be a good candidate for the terrestrial restoration of crude oil contaminated regions in Nigerian.
Impact of Variable Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity on Powell-Eyring Fluid in the Presence Of Thermal Radiation through a Porous Medium
Authors: Idowu S. A. , Usman M. A. , Peter B. A. , Hammed F. A.
Published: March 2024

This work uses a mathematical model to investigate the impact of physical factors on the non-isothermal flow of Powell-Eyring fluid with variations in thermal conductivity and viscosity through a porous medium. The governing equations defining the flow, mass, and energy transfer issue are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations via selected transformation variables, and the resultant problem is numerically solved using the Galerkin weighted residual technique. This approach is implemented with Maple 18 program. The examination of the findings revealed that the radiation parameter, variations of thermal conductivity, and viscosity characteristics had a substantial impact on the flow system. This presentation includes a visual picture and explanation of how different physical characteristics affect the flow system.
CÁC YẾU TỐ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN HÀNH VI MUA SẮM SẢN PHẨM THỜI TRANG TRÊN ỨNG DỤNG DI ĐỘNG CỦA GEN Z TẠI THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: HOÀNG NGUYỄN THU HUYỀN  , LÊ NGỌC SƠN  , NGUYỄN QUỐC CƯỜNG
Published: March 2024

Nghiên cứu này nhằm xác định các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến hành vi mua sắm sản phẩm thời trang trên ứng dụng di động của Gen Z tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Nghiên cứu này sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu định tính và phương pháp nghiên cứu định lượng. Nghiên cứu định lượng được thực hiện với số mẫu là 300 Gen Z đã và đang mua sắm sản phẩm thời trang trên ứng dụng di dộng tại TPHCM. Kết quả thu hồi được là 300 phiếu, trong đó có 284 phiếu hợp lệ (khoảng 94,67%) và 16 phiếu không hợp lệ. Với 284 mẫu hợp lệ, tác giả phân tích dữ liệu thông qua phần mềm SPSS 20.0 và AMOS 20.0. Từ kết quả nghiên cứu, yếu tố “Nhận thức dễ sử dụng” (DSD) bị loại bỏ trong nghiên cứu này và 5 yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến ý định mua sắm sản phẩm thời trang trên ứng dụng di động lần lượt là “Truyền miệng điện tử” (TMDT), “Nhận thức hữu ích” (HI), “Giá cả” (GC), “Chuẩn chủ quan” (CCQ), “Nhận thức rủi ro” (RR). Bên cạnh đó yếu tố ý định mua sắm có tác động đến hành vi mua sắm sản phẩm thời trang trên ứng dụng di động của Gen Z tại TPHCM. Đồng thời, tác giả đề xuất một số hàm ý quản trị nhằm nâng cao hơn nữa mức độ mua sắm trực tuyến trên ứng dụng di động của Gen Z.
HỆ PHÂN LỚP PHẲNG VÀ HIỆU ỨNG SIÊU THẤU KÍNH CỦA VẬT LIỆU NGHỊCH
Authors: TRẦN MINH HIẾN
Published: March 2024

Chúng tôi khảo sát phát xạ của một lưỡng cực nguyên tử trong không gian ba chiều được đặt trong môi trường phân lớp phẳng và xem xét hiệu ứng tạo ảnh ở phía bên kia của một tấm phẳng vật chất phân cực nghịch (LHM). Chúng tôi tập trung khảo sát khả năng cải thiện chất lượng ảnh theo phương z và quan sát được sự co hẹp kích thước điểm ảnh nhờ hiệu ứng phục hồi thông tin mất mát được truyền tải bởi trường evanescent của vật chất phân cực nghịch. Chúng tôi cũng nhận thấy rằng, điểm ảnh bị làm dịch khỏi điểm hội tụ lý tưởng theo một cách bất thường, khi hấp thụ của tấm vật chất thay đổi, điều này không đơn thuần chỉ được giải thích bởi định luật Snell. Bằng cách tách hai số hạng mô tả sóng truyền và sóng evanescent trong biểu thức của tensor Green, chúng tôi có thể chỉ ra được tác dụng của trường evanescent trong việc cải thiện chất lượng ảnh.
NGHIÊN CỨU XÁC ĐỊNH TRỌNG SỐ CHO CÁC CHỈ TIÊU CHẤT LƯỢNG VẢI MAY ÁO SƠ MI NAM LÀM ĐỒNG PHỤC CHO GIẢNG VIÊN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CÔNG NGHIỆP TP HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: VŨ THỊ HỒNG KHANH  , NGUYỄN THỊ HẰNG  , NGUYỄN MẬU TÙNG
Published: March 2024

Bài báo trình bày kết quả xác định trọng số cho các chỉ tiêu chất lượng vải áo sơ mi với mục đích sử dụng làm đồng phục sơ mi nam cho đối tượng là giảng viên Trường Đại học Công nghiệp Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Trong nghiên cứu này phương pháp chuyên gia đã được sử dụng để xác định trọng số cho các chỉ tiêu chất lượng. 30 nhà chuyên môn về vải may áo sơ mi nam và 50 nam giảng viên trường Đại học Công nghiệp TP Hồ Chí Minh đã được mời làm chuyên gia trong nghiên cứu này. Nghiên cứu đã sử dụng 11 chỉ tiêu chất lượng của vải làm đối tượng nghiên cứu. Kết quả cho thấy cả 11 chỉ tiêu chất lượng này đều có tầm quan trọng cao đối với chất lượng áo sơ mi nam. Hai tính chất độ nhăn nhàu và độ co do giặt của vải được các chuyên gia đánh giá có trọng số cao nhất.
Sprachliche Besonderheiten in ausgewählten deutschen Werbetexten für Getränkeprodukte / Linguistic Particularities in Selected German Advertising Texts for Beverage Products
Authors: Livnjak Nedim
Published: March 2024

Advertising or advertising texts belong to mass media communication and are studied in different contexts and perspectives. This article focuses on linguistic analysis, presenting linguistic peculiarities in selected advertising texts for beverage products in the German-speaking region. Characteristic linguistic patterns, stylistic devices, and identified lexical preferences are discussed concerning advertising goals and effects. The results of the corpus analysis show that German beverage advertisements are mainly characterized by the use of various language games, Anglicisms, metaphorical, metonymic, and elliptical or fragmentary expressions. All these linguistic peculiarities draw potential consumers’ attention and communicate specific values effectively, such as taste, freshness, or authenticity.