bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Reliability of Randomly Generated Math Curriculum-Based Measurements
Authors: Strait Gerald G. , Smith Bradley H. , Pender Carolyn , Malone Patrick S. , Roberts Jarod , Hall John D.
Published: May 2015

Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) is a direct method of academic assessment used to screen and evaluate students’ skills and monitor their responses to academic instruction and intervention. Interventioncentral.org offers a math worksheet generator at no cost that creates randomly generated math curriculum-based measures (M-CBMs). In this study, we examined the test–retest reliability and alternate-form reliability of four parallel, randomly generated M-CBMs designed to assess multiple arithmetic skills (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division). The participants ( N = 283 sixth-grade students) completed each M-CBM worksheet twice during a semester. According to our results, these M-CBMs have moderate test–retest and alternate-form reliability. Applying the Spearman–Brown Prophecy Formula revealed that aggregating M-CBMs increases the reliability of these measures to acceptable levels for progress monitoring (i.e., above .80).
Altruistic reasoning in adolescent-parent dyads considering participation in a hypothetical sexual health clinical trial for adolescents
Authors: Chávez Noé Rubén , Williams Camille Y , Ipp Lisa S , Catallozzi Marina , Rosenthal Susan L , Breitkopf Carmen Radecki
Published: May 2015

Altruism is a well-established reason underlying research participation. Less is known about altruism in adolescent-parent decision-making about clinical trials enrolling healthy adolescents. This qualitative investigation focused on identifying spontaneous statements of altruism within adolescent-parent (dyadic) discussions of participation in a hypothetical phase I clinical trial related to adolescent sexual health. Content analysis revealed several response patterns to each other’s altruistic reasoning. Across 70 adolescent-parent dyads in which adolescents were 14 to 17 years of age and 91% of their parents were mothers, a majority (61%) of dyadic discussions included a statement reflecting altruism. Parents responded to adolescents’ statements of altruism more frequently than adolescents responded to parents’ statements. Responses included: expresses concern, reiterates altruistic reasoning, agrees with altruistic reasoning, and adds to/expands altruistic reasoning. Since an altruistic perspective was often balanced with concerns about risk or study procedures, researchers cannot assume that altruism will directly lead to study participation. Optimizing the informed consent process for early phase clinical trials involving healthy adolescents may include supporting parents to have conversations with their adolescents which will enhance their capacity to consider all aspects of trial participation.
Hegemonic representations of the past and digital agency: Giving meaning to “The Soviet Story” on social networking sites
Authors: Kaprāns Mārtiņš
Published: May 2015

In 2008, Edvīns Šnore, the Latvian film director, released a shocking and provocative documentary, “The Soviet Story,” which explored some terrible episodes from the Soviet past as well as the collaboration between the Soviet and Nazi regimes. Scholars have argued that The Soviet Story is an effective Latvian response to Russian propaganda, but it also exemplifies the broader problems of post-communist memory politics. This article takes a step further in the discussion of The Soviet Story. It focuses on the idea of how memory work triggered by the documentary got started on social networking sites. In particular, the article deals with the video-sharing website YouTube and the Internet encyclopedia Wikipedia, both of which are crucial meaning-making sites with respect to history. The article demonstrates transnational memory work in YouTube and Wikipedia as a multidirectional enterprise that both reinforces and emancipates existing hegemonic representations of controversial past.
When Is a Face No Longer a Face? A Problematic Dichotomy in Visual Detection Research
Authors: LoBue Vanessa
Published: May 2015

Countless studies have reported that individuals detect threatening/angry faces faster than happy/neutral faces. Two classic views have been used to explain this phenomenon—that negative valence drives the effect, or conversely, that low-level perceptual characteristics of the stimuli are responsible for their rapid detection. In the current review, I question whether dichotomous perspectives are the most parsimonious way to explain a large and inconsistent literature. Further, I argue that nondichotomous, multicomponent accounts for the detection of emotionally valenced stimuli might help take us beyond traditional approaches to visual detection research, and I suggest various ways in which future research can use these newer approaches to more effectively elucidate the mechanisms underlying the rapid detection of emotionally valenced stimuli.
Prescribing for children
Authors: Keith Tamara
Published: May 2015

Children are not simply small adults, and therefore special consideration needs to be given when prescribing medication for children. The doses are different from those for adults, the formulations and routes of administration vary and even the licensing of drugs are not the same as for adults. This article aims to outline the areas that need to be considered in order to provide a safe approach to prescribing medication for children.
Project CIVIS
Authors: Stoddard Jeremy D. , Tieso Carol L. , Robbins Janice I.
Published: May 2015

This article presents findings from a large-scale curriculum development, quasi-experimental study. Participating teachers implemented four U.S. history units in their diverse middle-grade classes; these units were developed to engage underachieving students in challenging history and democratic citizenship curriculum and instruction featuring discussion and inquiry. Initial results show that students in the treatment classrooms had significantly higher mean scores on a National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)–based pre–post assessment than their peers in comparison classrooms.
Kierkegaard, justification and the integrity of Christian education
Authors: Wright Andrew W
Published: May 2015

The doctrine of justification is frequently interpreted in a manner that excludes our active involvement in the drama of salvation. This reading has a detrimental effect on Christian education concerned to enable the learner’s attentive, reasonable and responsible understanding of the Gospel. Taking its lead from Kierkegaard’s account of ‘learning Truth’ in the Philosophical Fragments, this article argues for an understanding of the doctrine that affirms the learner’s active participation in learning in a manner that acknowledges the sovereignty of grace.
Usefulness of magnetic resonance angiography for the evaluation of varices at hepaticojejunostomy after liver transplantation
Authors: Jimbo Keisuke , Suzuki Mitsuyoshi , Fujii Tohru , Ohtsuka Yoshikazu , Sugo Hiroyuki , Kawasaki Seiji , Shimizu Toshiaki
Published: May 2015

A 7-year-old Japanese girl who had undergone living-donor liver transplantation (LT) at the age of 10 months for decompensated liver cirrhosis caused by biliary atresia presented with recurrent episodes of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) with anemia. Over the following 6 years, she experienced five episodes of GIB requiring hospitalization. Subsequent evaluations including repeat esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), colonoscopy (CS), contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), and Meckel’s scan all failed to reveal a bleeding source. However, varices at the site of hepaticojejunostomy were detected on abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at the age of 7 years. MRA might be more helpful than contrast-enhanced CT for identifying such bleeding.
Climate Change Scepticism
Authors: Van Rensburg Willem
Published: May 2015

“Climate change scepticism” is a familiar concept in popular and scholarly discourse and generally refers to a family of arguments and individuals that reject, dispute, or question the orthodox view of the climate issue. At close range though, it is evident that the concept is often used casually, without consideration of the complexity of the category it represents. Scholars have varied interpretations of the concept and sometimes actively dispute its meaning and reach. The article proposes that the sceptic phenomenon can be variegated according to the types of sceptic critiques and, additionally, according to sceptics’ attitudinal characteristics. Taxonomies are proposed for each. The types of sceptic arguments are organised in a conceptual hierarchy consisting of two classes of critiques (“core” and “concomitant”), three centers of scepticism (“evidence,” “process,” and “response”), and seven specific objects of scepticism. For the attitudinal characteristics of sceptics, the article takes stock of the different motives, modes, and certainties of belief among sceptics. It proposes some relabeling of the category and subcategories to more accurately describe nuances in sceptic positions, as well as to dispose of unproductive labels. The article suggests how the refined conceptualisation might help observers and policy practitioners to manage the sceptic challenge in a more discerning and constructive fashion.
IgG4-associated orbital and ocular inflammation
Authors: Lee Cecilia S , Harocopos George J , Kraus Courtney L , Lee Aaron Y , Van Stavern Gregory P , Couch Steven M , Rao P Kumar
Published: May 2015

Background

IgG4-associated orbital and ocular inflammation is a relatively unknown entity characterized by sclerosing inflammation with infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells. Some so-called idiopathic inflammation syndromes are being re-classified as IgG4-associated inflammation with histopathologic evaluation.

Findings

We report three cases with differing manifestations of IgG4-associated ocular and orbital inflammation: a case of recurrent, treatment-refractory sclero-uveitis that was diagnosed as granulomatosis with polyangiitis with an IgG4-related component, a case of pachymeningitis with optic neuritis that resulted in permanent visual loss, and a case of orbital inflammatory pseudotumor. All three would have been incompletely diagnosed without thorough histopathologic evaluation (including immunohistochemistry).

Conclusions

IgG4-associated disease is an idiopathic, multi-organ inflammatory state that can manifest as chronic, relapsing, sclerosing inflammation in virtually any organ system. There is a wide range of presentations in ocular and orbital inflammation. Ophthalmologists should keep IgG4-associated inflammation in mind when examining chronic, sclerofibrosing inflammation with multi-system involvement. The histology of biopsy specimens is crucial in making the correct diagnosis. Timely assessment may lead to fewer diagnostic tests and more targeted therapy.
Control of IFN-γ production and regulatory function by the inducible nuclear protein IκB-ζ in T cells
Authors: MaruYama Takashi , Kobayashi Shuhei , Ogasawara Kouetsu , Yoshimura Akihiko , Chen WanJun , Muta Tatsushi
Published: May 2015

The transcriptional regulator IκB-ζ is important for the control of apoptosis in keratinocytes. Thus, IκB-ζ-deficient mice develop autoimmune diseases, such as Sjögren’s syndrome. However, T cells also play a pivotal role in Sjögren’s syndrome. To study the role of IκB-ζ in T cells, we generated T cell-specific, IκB-ζ-deficient mice. We observed increased numbers of peripheral effector/memory CD4+ cells and IFN-γ-producing CD4+ cells in 3-week-old mice. We found that IκB-ζ can be up-regulated by TGF-β1 in naϊve CD4+ T cells and that it negatively regulates IFN-γ expression. In addition, we generated Treg-specific, IκB-ζ deficient mice and found that IκB-ζ is dispensable for the plasticity and stability of Tregs. However, Tregs from T cell-specific, IκB-ζ-deficient mice have reduced immunoregulatory function. Thus, our data reveal a previously unappreciated role for IκB-ζ in IFN-γ production in T cells and the immunoregulatory function of Tregs.
The Language of the Stones: The Agency of the Inanimate in Literary Naturalism and the New Materialism
Authors: Trumpeter Kevin
Published: May 2015

A suspicion toward inherited notions of agency has long been recognized (and frequently decried) as a defining feature of literary naturalism. But while the deterministic worldview of writers like Theodore Dreiser generated much lively debate in the early twentieth century, literary scholarship’s investment in the unresolved (and perhaps unresolvable) questions of inanimate agency raised by such works was gradually eclipsed by other concerns. Recently, however, a vigorous interest in such metaphysical questions has resurfaced in the discourse of new materialism, an interdisciplinary and politically committed field of scholarship dedicated to revising humanity’s conventional associations of materiality with passivity and predictability. While this is ostensibly a “new” movement, placing new materialism in the context of American literary history underscores how old—or rather timeless—the concerns addressed by the new materialism really are. Given these similarities, Trumpeter proposes that new materialist discourse stands to profit from a more nuanced understanding of literary naturalism and the discourse of new materialism can likewise help American literary scholars return to naturalist works with a more refined and reenergized perspective on the genre’s perennial concerns. This essay examines the role of the inanimate in Sister Carrie and An American Tragedy as a means for tracing connections and highlighting divergences between these two intellectual movements engaged in drawing humanity’s attention to the surreptitiously active nature of things.
The Vernacular Sonnet and the Resurgence of Afro-Modernism in the 1940s
Authors: Müller Timo
Published: May 2015

The essay offers a new perspective on the resurgence of Afro-modernism in the 1940s, arguing that the vernacular sonnet—specifically Langston Hughes’s “Seven Moments of Love: An Un-Sonnet Sequence in Blues” and the sonnets of Gwendolyn Brooks and Robert Hayden—played a crucial role in this development. As a consciously synthetic form of writing, the vernacular sonnet allowed poets to combine black everyday speech and high-modernist elements without subordinating one to the other. The essay examines the transformations these idioms underwent in response to each other and traces the emergence of techniques such as slant rhyme from the collision of the conventional boundaries of the sonnet with the unconventional sounds of the vernacular. It positions the vernacular sonnet as a pioneering form that anticipates both the achievements and the challenges of the Afro-modernist project.
Sono-Montage: Langston Hughes and Tony Schwartz Listen to Postwar New York
Authors: Hollenbach Lisa
Published: May 2015

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, large-scale population shifts, urban-development projects, and new media transformed New York City in ways that were heard as much as seen. In this context, Langston Hughes and sound documentarian Tony Schwartz each experimented with techniques of montage to splice the sounds of their local New York neighborhoods. Hughes’s Montage of a Dream Deferred and Schwartz’s “New York 19” tape-recording projects locate a crisis in listening in New York’s postwar urban geography of race and economics. Although their projects differ in significant ways, both employ montage to expose listening as a mediated and socially constructed act often intertwined with the structural violence of racial and economic discrimination. In response, both develop alternative models of collective listening, which together offer contrasting perceptual strategies for remapping social, spatial, and sonic relations in the diverse and unequal urban geographies of the United States.
Hughes/Olson: Whose Music? Whose Era?
Authors: Lempert Benjamin R.
Published: May 2015

This essay uses two poetic works from the 1950s—Langston Hughes’s 1951 sequence Montage of a Dream Deferred and the poetry and poetics of Black Mountain pioneer Charles Olson—to articulate a theory of racially engaged, nonmimetic poetic musicality deriving from the engagement both poets make with the bebop jazz of Charlie Parker and his colleagues. By taking “jazz” less as a specific body of sounds than as a conceptual provocation to rethink the very idea (and ideal) of poetry as a musical phenomenon, Hughes and Olson—both individually and together—help us make new sense of three phenomena: the way poetry relates to musical sounds external to it, the way poetry understands itself as a form of music, and the prospects for racial representation this reevaluation makes possible.
Defining the functional states of Th17 cells
Authors: Lee Youjin , Kuchroo Vijay
Published: May 2015

The molecular mechanisms governing T helper (Th) cell differentiation and function have revealed a complex network of transcriptional and protein regulators. Cytokines not only initiate the differentiation of CD4 Th cells into subsets but also influence the identity, plasticity and effector function of a T cell. Of the subsets, Th17 cells, named for producing interleukin 17 (IL-17) as their signature cytokine, secrete a cohort of other cytokines, including IL-22, IL-21, IL-10, IL-9, IFNγ, and GM-CSF.  In recent years, Th17 cells have emerged as key players in host defense against both extracellular pathogens and fungal infections, but they have also been implicated as one of the main drivers in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, likely mediated in part by the cytokines that they produce. Advances in high throughput genomic sequencing have revealed unexpected heterogeneity in Th17 cells and, as a consequence, may have tremendous impact on our understanding of their functional diversity. The assortment in gene expression may also identify different functional states of Th17 cells. This review aims to understand the interplay between the cytokine regulators that drive Th17 cell differentiation and functional states in Th17 cells.
Notes on the type designation of Magnolia odoratissima (Magnoliaceae)
Authors: Deng Yun-Fei , Xia Nian-He
Published: May 2015

The type of Magnolia odoratissima is reviewed. In the protologue, the type was indicated as Zhou Rengzhang 54 (IBSC), even though this specimen is in serious conflict with the original description, which nicely matches another specimen, Zhou Rengzhang 58 (ISBC). Chen and Zeng maintained that the name M. odoratissima must be treated as a heterotypic synonym of Parakmeria yunnanensis, since this is the species represented by Zhou Rengzhang 54, and they proposed the name M. kwangnanensis for the species represented by Zhou Rengzhang 58. It is concluded here that Chen & Zeng's position is based on an inappropriate interpretation of Art. 9.1 Note 1 of the ICN and ignores the ICN's allowance for the correction of obvious errors in type citation (Art. 9.1 Ex. 2). Therefore, the type of M. odoratissima is Zhou Rengzhang 58 and M. kwangnanensis is a superfluous and illegitimate renaming of M. odoratissima.
On legal policy as an academic discipline
Authors: Петров Александр , Petrov Aleksandr , Панченко Владислав , Panchenko Vladislav , Деменишин Андрей , Demenishin Andrey
Published: May 2015

The article discusses legal policy as an independent academic discipline. The authors analyze aims, targets, content, structure and legal basis of the course. The position of the course on legal policy in the system of legal education is evaluated; its role in development of` general professional and specialized juridical expertise of students, studying law and other humanities subjects, is determined.
Management and police of Siberia in the First World War period
Authors: Коновалов Игорь , Konovalov Igor
Published: May 2015

The article is devoted to the development of police in Siberia in the prerevolutionary period.The author emphasizesthe role of the police in managingthe region. Also he covers issues of the organization of management, functions and main lines of action of police.The article highlights the key stages of the development ofthe police in Siberia during the period from the early First World War period. Author studied the characteristics of police work in the conditions of a vast and remote from the center the region with a small multi-ethnic population. The study analyzes the quantitative and qualitative composition of general and political police in Siberia, as well as their degree of compliance with the real needs of management. In addition, the study assesses the effectiveness of the reforms of the police and administration in Siberia.Analyzed the reasons and background that contributed to the crisis and the fall of the police state in the specific historical conditions of the Siberian outskirts of the Russian Empire.
The Impacts of Advertising Assets and R&D Assets on Reducing Bankruptcy Risk
Authors: Jindal Niket , McAlister Leigh
Published: May 2015

Research has shown that advertising assets and R&D (research and development) assets increase shareholder value. Although one might conclude that their impacts on bankruptcy risk are merely the inverse of their impacts on shareholder value, we argue otherwise and show that the differences hinge on the fact that shareholder value is a function of expected cash flows from all future periods, whereas bankruptcy risk is a function of expected cash flow from only the next period. We show that current market turbulence moderates the impacts of advertising assets and R&D assets on expected cash flow from the next period but not on expected cash flows from more distant future periods. Therefore, market turbulence moderates the impacts of advertising assets and R&D assets on bankruptcy risk but not shareholder value. Market stability increases the impact of advertising assets on reducing bankruptcy risk, whereas market turbulence increases the impact of R&D assets on reducing bankruptcy risk. Using a data set of more than 1,000 firms covering three decades, we find support for our hypotheses. Out-of-sample validation indicates that bankruptcy prediction performance improves when including marketing variables in addition to the usual financial predictors.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0913 .
Anxiety management techniques
Authors: McKernon Sarah
Published: May 2015

Harding S, Vernazza CR, Wilson K, Harding J, Girdler NM (2015) What are dental non-attenders’ preferences for anxiety management techniques? A cross-sectional study based at a dental access centre. Br Dent J 218: 415–421. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.249
Atopic dermatitis and the veterinary nurse
Authors: Fraser Mary
Published: May 2015

Dermatological conditions are very common in general practice and veterinary nurses have an active role to play in the diagnosis, monitoring, management and support of these cases. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic disease which initially presents in young animals and develops into a lifelong condition. Many different treatment protocols are available and the success of therapy relies on the willingness of the owner to follow treatment plans. The veterinary nurse is central to owner understanding of the condition ensuring compliance through support and education.
Perioperative hypothermia and surgical site infections part 1
Authors: Mann Alison
Published: May 2015

Perioperative hypothermia has been identified as an infection risk factor in human literature, however, literature from veterinary counterparts is conflicting.

Registered veterinary nurses (RVNs) should always strive to provide the gold standard of care to their patients including when under anaesthesia and in the operating theatre. This can include looking at available evidence for standards of care, in this instance how best to maintain normothermia during the perioperative period.

Part one of this article introduces the concept of surgical site infections (SSIs) as well as exploring hypothermia in the perioperative phase and how this may occur. Available evidence is examined for perioperative hypothermia and its links to SSIs. The author compares literature from both humans and animals and highlights key points while critiquing available research.

Part two of this article will explore ways of maintaining normothermia in the perioperative phase by looking at the effectiveness of various methods discussed in studies and concluding with recommendations for further study as well as recommendations for RVNs in practice.
Antibiotic resistance in veterinary practice: a veterinary nurse's perspective
Authors: Ackerman Nicola
Published: May 2015

Antibiotic resistance is an important issue in all aspects of health care, not just in veterinary medicine. Responsible use of antibiotics is vital in order to preserve their use for the future. Any new antibiotics will be reserved for the human. There are many aspects (strategies and practises) that can be adapted into veterinary practice to help preserve these drugs, such as infection control procedures.
Treasures from the collections
Authors: Pearson Sarah
Published: May 2015

Concourse (2) by Barbara Hepworth, 1948
Coding and payment by results is failing to provide for a joint team approach to lower limb trauma surgery
Authors: O’Neill JK , Giblin V , Mason Z , Khan U
Published: May 2015

Why surgeons should get involved with the process.
Doctors’ and medical students’ training in management and their knowledge of acronyms in NHS management
Authors: Reddy-Kolanu G , Mandavia A , Nicholson J , Broomfield S
Published: May 2015

How familliar are they with regular healthcare management terms?
The new age of consent
Authors: Wheeler Robert
Published: May 2015

What do we mean by adequate disclosure and, indeed, the 'reasonable' patient?
The surgical widow
Authors: Smith Stella Ruth
Published: May 2015

A surgeon shares a deeply personal yet practical account of coping with the sudden loss of a spouse.
To whom it may concern
Authors: Marx Clare
Published: May 2015

Our priorities remain unchanged, whomever we work with.
Changes to the RCS journals portfolio
Authors: Mortensen Neil
Published: May 2015

Major changes to our digital publications are just around the corner.
Testing our patients’ patience
Authors: Sanders David
Published: May 2015

Why we all need to take – and give – our medicine personally.
Towards a socially just social work practice: the liberation health model
Authors: Kant Jared Douglas
Published: May 2015

This article discusses the ‘liberation health’ model for social work practice and explores how this model may be used to bring conversations about race and class into the therapy room. It begins with a review of mental health social work teaching in the United States and moves on to demonstrate differences between traditional and liberatory practice methodologies. The term ‘liberatory’ is used in this article to refer to a variety of anti-oppressive theoretical frameworks, with an emphasis on the work of Paulo Freire and Ignacio Martín-Baró. Additionally, the author demonstrates interviewing strategies for bringing conversations about intersectionality into the therapy context.
Reviews
Authors: Levine Stephen K. , Lith Theresa Van , Tornabene Ladona , Vogelsang Lisa , Douek Deborah R.
Published: May 2015

Presence and Process in Expressive Arts Work – At the Edge of Wonder, Herbert Eberhart and Sally Atkins (2014) London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 184 pp., ISBN: 9781849059572, p/bk, £17.99/$28.95

Ethics in Art Therapy: Challenging Topics for a Complex Modality, Lisa R. Furman (2013) London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers London and Philadelphia, 128 pp., ISBN: 9781849059381, p/bk, £17.99

Enhancing Lives through Arts & Health: 25th Anniversary Conference & Celebration 2014 Global Alliance for Arts & Health Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, 9–12 April 2014

5th Annual Healing Arts Coalition Conference: Growing up Autism, 21 November 2014
Read-aloud group Bibliotherapy for the elderly: An exploration of cognitive and social transformation
Authors: Genuis Katrina
Published: May 2015

There are increasing societal concerns regarding the lack of resources available to meet the multifaceted needs of the growing elderly population in the western world. In an effort to address the cognitive and social needs of this population, the author received guidance from the University of British Columbia’s Faculty of Medicine in initiating a novel form of Bibliotherapy, held weekly at a local respite-care centre. While conventional Bibliotherapy – the use of literature to promote well-being – involves private readings and reflection, the current Bibliotherapy programme involved meeting in a small group setting (from three to twelve individuals), reading aloud various types of literature (poetry, short stories, science articles, cultural fables, newspaper clips and jokes) and reflecting on the readings together. The reflection time included sharing of interpretations, discussing stimulated memories and considering relevant life issues and challenges. In observing this act of reflection, the author noted that otherwise isolated individuals discuss their feelings of loneliness and irrelevance, interact with a group, remember long-lost memories and consider stimulating topics. The dramatic success of this uniquely structured programme demonstrates that read-aloud group Bibliotherapy carried out within care centres for the elderly may have an impactful role in addressing the unmet cognitive and social needs of this population.
Moral responsibility is never a spectator sport: On young people and online gaming
Authors: Clancy Anne , Arvola Anne Karin , Gjærum Rikke Gürgens
Published: May 2015

Background: Massively Multiplayer Online Games create concerns for the health and well-being of young adults. The purpose of the article is to give a deeper insight into online game players’ ethical thinking and how playing online games affects their daily lives and relationships with others in the real world. Method: Data are collected from ten qualitative research interviews in Norway. The article contributes with two philosophical interpretations of the young people’s stories: the fundamental ethics of Emmanuel Levinas and Pragmatic Aesthetics. Findings: Online gaming can be a momentary aesthetic escape from reality, but players can become morally constrained when their behaviour affects those close to them. Constant conflict due to excessive gaming can cause them to retreat further into the game as an escape from real-world pressures. Conclusion: Moral responsibility is not only the young person’s concern. The diversity of moral concerns needs to be acknowledged.
Indexes to the Journals of the American Jewish Historical Society: Significance, Coverage, and Format
Authors: Weinberg Bella
Published: May 2015

The indexes to the journals of the American Jewish Historical Society are reviewed from the perspective of recent indexing standards. The significance of the journals is great, and they clearly merited indexing, but there are many flaws in the execution of the project. Inconsistency of coverage, poor vocabulary control, a lack of continuation headings, and imprecise filing are among the problems noted. The detailed indexing is praiseworthy, and these tools should be useful to librarians and researchers. References to recent indexing manuals and standards are provided.
Hebrew Codicology: An Introduction
Authors: Kerschen David
Published: May 2015

The codex or so-called manuscript book, the precursor to the printed book, thrived in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The task of the codicologist is to analyze and describe the physical features ×¡f the codex, or in the words ×¡f Professor Malachi Beit-Arie, Director of the Hebrew Paleography Project at the Jewish National University Library in Jerusalem, to conduct an "archaeological examination" of a codex so that it may be correctly localized and dated. This paper explains and illustrates the most prominent features of Hebrew codicology.
New speakers on lost ground in the football stadium
Authors: Percio Alfonso Del
Published: May 2015

Football is a key site for local pride to be enacted by fans through the celebration of local dialects and local myths. At the same time, sport industries are currently undergoing major transformations and becoming global, professional and profit-oriented. Consequently, pride in a place is not solely the property of the given area or its inhabitants. Indeed, fandom is increasingly enacted by new groups who speak different languages and live in other places, and who thus cross borders to consume local fan practices and tokens of imagined local authenticity. Furthermore, football clubs are increasingly owned by multinational investors who employ international and multilingual football workers. Meanwhile, nostalgic adherents of so-called traditional football frequently interpret the emergence of these transnational actors as a corruption of this sport. The presence of such transnational actors raises questions regarding the challenges encountered by these new speakers when they produce and consume cultural resources that are widely perceived to be not only the commodities sold by the football industry but also tokens of local authenticity. Drawing on an ethnography conducted in the stadium of the FC Basel in Switzerland, I discuss the case of two transnational actors who are identified as new speakers of Basel’s local dialect and of standard German, both codes being specifically associated with being a legitimate fan or coach of FC Basel. In discussing the challenges faced by these new speakers during their encounters with FC Basel as a commercial product, I examine how these individuals have constructed their legitimacy as members of FC Basel’s imagined community and analyze how, why, and by whom this legitimacy is given or contested.
Second generation analysis of antinuclear antibody (ANA) by combination of screening and confirmatory testing
Authors: Scholz Juliane , Grossmann Kai , Knütter Ilka , Hiemann Rico , Sowa Mandy , Röber Nadja , Rödiger Stefan , Schierack Peter , Reinhold Dirk , Bogdanos Dimitrios P. , Meroni Pier Luigi , Radice Antonella , Conrad Karsten , Roggenbuck Dirk
Published: May 2015

For the serological diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, a two-tier approach starting with sensitive antinuclear antibody (ANA) detection by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp-2 cells followed by characterization of positive findings with different immunoassays is recommended. To overcome drawbacks of this approach, we developed a novel technique allowing the combination of screening and simultaneous confirmatory testing. For the first time, this creates the basis for second generation ANA testing.

ANA and autoantibodies (autoAbs) to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), CENP-B, SS-A/Ro52, SS-A/Ro60, SS-B/La, RNP-Sm, Sm, and Scl-70 were determined by IIF and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively, and compared to simultaneous analysis thereof by second generation ANA analysis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (n=174), systemic sclerosis (n=103), Sjögren’s syndrome (n=46), rheumatoid arthritis (n=36), mixed and undetermined connective tissue diseases (n=13), myositis (n=21), infectious disease (n=21), autoimmune liver disease (n=93), inflammatory bowel disease (n=78), paraproteinemia (n=11), and blood donors (n=101).

There was very good agreement of second generation ANA testing with classical one by IIF and ELISA regarding testing for ANA and autoAbs to dsDNA, CENP-B, SS-B, RNP-Sm, Scl-70, SS-A/Ro52, and SS-A/Ro60 (Cohen’s κ>0.8). The agreement for anti-Sm autoAb was good (κ=0.77). The differences of both approaches were not significant for autoAbs to SS-B/La, RNP-Sm, Scl-70, SS-A/Ro60, and SS-A/Ro52 (McNemar’s test, p>0.05, respectively).

Second generation ANA testing can replace the two-tier analysis by combining IIF screening with multiplex confirmative testing. This addresses shortcomings of classical ANA analysis like false-negative ANA findings and lack of laboratory efficiency and standardization.
(Un)articulated definiteness. Nominal determination in Sorbian: Moving from an articleless language to a language with articles?
Authors: Marti Roland
Published: May 2015

Slavonic languages in general do not use articles to indicate (in)definiteness. The development of an article in some of them is the result of language contact. In the case of Sorbian the influence of German led to the use of the demonstrative pronoun ‘this’ and the numeral ‘one’ to indicate definiteness and indefiniteness, respectively. Originally the German system was copied almost without changes, but eventually specific rules developed, subject to phonotactic constraints and restricting the use of the article mainly to intratextual and pragmatic definiteness. The use of the article depended on the kind of text and language (spoken language, Bible translation and original texts, translations from German). Grammatical purism managed to eliminate the use of the article in today’s written variants as well as in most official uses of spoken Sorbian almost completely. In colloquial language and in the dialects, however, the article is very much alive but its use differs considerably from German. There are also differences between Upper and Lower Sorbian, the latter being closer to German usage.
“New speakers” and Koiné – Results of a survey
Authors: Ziagos Sandra
Published: May 2015

The aim of this article, based on the results of a survey conducted in Morocco, is to show that the “new speakers”, caught in the conflict between tolerance to variation and use of preferred forms, are also gatekeepers of further language development towards a Moroccan Koiné.
Berber-Arabic code-switching in Imouzzar du Kandar (Morocco)
Authors: Kossmann Maarten
Published: May 2015

In this article, Berber-Arabic code-switching is studied in a corpus of informal conversations recorded between 1990 and 2010 in Imouzzar in the Middle Atlas (Morocco). Among native speakers of Berber, Moroccan Arabic is the language used in the public domain, while Berber is used at home. It is shown that Berber-Moroccan Arabic code-switching is relatively rare in these conversations. Intersentential code-switching can mostly be explained from specific events in the conversation. Intrasentential insertion of Berber materials into Arabic discourse is extremely rare. The inverse is much more common, but here Standard Arabic seems to play a more important role than Moroccan Arabic, with the exception of adverbs and adverbial expressions.
The main functions of theophoric formulae in Moroccan Arabic
Authors: Procházka Stephan
Published: May 2015

This article examines the discursive and grammatical functions in Moroccan Arabic of some frequently used expressions that contain the word ‘God’. Most of them are rooted in Classical Arabic but have undergone significant phonological and semantic developments. Some of them have become grammaticalised and appear in linguistic constructions remote from their original meanings.
Enunciatives in Moroccan Arabic
Authors: Maas Utz
Published: May 2015

The paper defines a category of enunciatives as formal elements in a language that bind the interpretation of utterances to the discourse constellation in which they are uttered. A set of candidates for such enunciatives in MA is analysed, showing the grammaticalization of at least one of them (
ᵲa.h
). The analysis is based on a corpus of spontaneous spoken language in Morocco.
The phonetics of Yucatec Maya and the typology of laryngeal complexity
Authors: Frazier Melissa
Published: May 2015

We examine the known typology of laryngeal complexity (SILVERMAN 1997a, b) in light of phonetic research (FRAZIER 2009) showing that Yucatec Maya uses contrastive tone and phonation type. The phonetic patterns in YM suggest that articulatory incompatibility is the most important factor in enforcing the phasing of tone and non-modal phonation, but that perceptual factors account for the distribution of phasing patterns. Furthermore, YM is similar to the unrelated languages Danish and Acoma which show that creaky voice conditions preceding high pitch. We motivate future research on cross-linguistic differences in the production of creak and its interaction with pitch and gender.
Free relative clauses in Yucatec Maya
Authors: Gutiérrez-Bravo Rodrigo
Published: May 2015

This paper presents an analysis and description of the syntax of free relative clauses in Yucatec Maya, the Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. The description and analysis focus on two structural properties of these free relative clauses; a) the internal nature of the relative pronoun, and, b) the absence of matching effects observed in Yucatec free relatives when a prepositional phrase is relativized. I show that these two phenomena receive a unified description in an analysis where Yucatec, in contrast with a language like English, allows the head of the noun phrase to be null.
Strategic Responses to Hybrid Social Ventures
Authors: Lee Matthew , Jay Jason
Published: May 2015

How do established companies respond to the entry of hybrid social ventures in their industries? Hybrid social ventures—new companies that combine business and social missions—use sustainability-oriented strategies to compete with established companies for some of their most desirable customers and employees. Yet hybrid social ventures also benefit when established companies advance their own sustainability strategies. This unusual competitive dynamic creates opportunities for collaboration. This article presents a framework for established companies responding to hybrid social ventures based on analysis of eight established consumer-facing companies. Our findings suggest that the responses of established companies differ based on opportunities they perceive for sustainability-oriented value creation with their own customers and employees.
Benefit Corporation Legislation and the Emergence of a Social Hybrid Category
Authors: Rawhouser Hans , Cummings Michael , Crane Andrew
Published: May 2015

Previous research highlights tensions that social hybrids face by spanning categories. This article explores the emergence of legislation to support a new category for social hybrids, focusing on Benefit Corporation legislation in the United States. It presents quantitative analysis of state-level factors that make a state suitable for a social hybrid category (attractiveness for for-profit business and nonprofits, existing social hybrid organizations, legislative intensity, and political leanings) followed by qualitative analysis of the arguments marshaled for the creation of the Benefit Corporation legal form. These findings raise important insights for research on social hybrids and suggest a range of practical implications.
Making Hybrids Work: Aligning Business Models and Organizational Design for Social Enterprises
Authors: Santos Filipe , Pache Anne-Claire , Birkholz Christoph
Published: May 2015

Hybrid organizations pursuing a social mission while relying on a commercial business model have paved the way for a new approach to achieving societal impact. Although they bear strong promise, social enterprises are also fragile organizations that must walk a fine line between achieving a social mission and living up to the requirements of the market. This article moves beyond generic recommendations about managing hybrids in order to highlight a typology of social business hybrids and discuss how each of the four proposed types of hybrid organizations can be managed in order to avoid the danger of mission drift and better achieve financial sustainability.
Hybrid Organizations: Origins, Strategies, Impacts, and Implications
Authors: Haigh Nardia , Walker John , Bacq Sophie , Kickul Jill
Published: May 2015

This introduction to the special issue on hybrid organizations defines hybrids, places them in their historical context, and introduces the articles that examine the strategies hybrids undertake to scale and grow, the impacts for which they strive, and the reception to them by mainstream firms. It aggregates insights from the articles in this special issue in order to examine what hybrid organizations mean for firms and practicing managers as they continue to grow in number and assume a variety of missions in developing and developed countries.
Reimagining Freedom in the Twenty-first Century at a Post-Emancipation Site
Authors: Scott Jennifer
Published: May 2015

How can a historic house museum speak to communities experiencing complex urban change and social ills in the twenty-first century? Weeksville Heritage Center (WHC), a post-emancipation site based in residential Brooklyn, interprets a free black, intentional, land-owning community, which established its own schools, churches, and anti-slavery organizations, and operated as a safe space for African Americans in the greater New York area throughout the nineteenth century. The museum is a direct result of more than a generation of community activism begun in the late 1960s to reclaim a forgotten history. WHC radically attempts to redefine ideas of freedom and emancipation in contemporary and self-determined ways. Drawing on Weeksville’s histories, WHC explores interpretations that highlight agency, independence, and activism and that resonate with contemporary concerns.
Micro-EDM for Micro-Channel Fabrication on Nonconductive ZrO2 Ceramic
Authors: Sabur A. , Ali M.Y. , Maleque M.A. , Moudood M.A.
Published: May 2015

In this study, microelectro-discharge (micro-ED) milling of nonconductive ZrO2 ceramicsis investigated using a Cu tool electrode in kerosene dielectric. An adhesive Cu foil is firmly attached on the workpiece to initiate the sparks. After the machining of Cu foil, an electrically conductive carbonic layer is formed on the ceramic workpiece disassociating the kerosene dielectric, which allows micro-ED milling to be continued on ZrO2.A micro-channel of 1500 µm length, 920 µm width and 150 µm depth is created. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed evidence of higher C precedence on the workpiece surface, which is the main element of the carbonic layer. It is shown that material removal rate increases with the increase of capacitance and voltage initially but it decreases at higher values. MRR and average surface roughness of the micro-channel are found to be 1.29×10-5 mm3/s and 0.25 µm, respectively, when machined with a capacitance of 0.1 nF and voltage of 80 V. This study shows that micro-ED milling is applicable for creating micro-channels on nonconductive ZrO2 ceramic with the assisting electrode technique.
Development of a Test-Rig for a Modern Motorcycle Engine
Authors: Hamada Khalaf I. , Mohammed M.K. , Rahman M.M.
Published: May 2015

This paper presents experimental activities that have been performed in the Automotive Engineering Centre laboratories in Universiti Malaysia Pahang for developing a test-rig based on a modern motorcycle engine. The experimental engine test-rig was developed based on an eddy current dynamometer which was coupled to a four-stroke singlecylinder SI motorcycle engine. Moreover, the test-rig consists of all the measurement equipment, sensors and auxiliaries kits for carrying out engine testing in a sufficient way. The results of these activities have been used for validation of a one-dimensional model developed based on that single cylinder engine. Both the in-cylinder pressure trace and brake torque were used to validate the engine model. There was good agreement between the simulation and experimental results. The constructed test-rig can be utilized for further research and development programs.