bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acolhimento e assistência de enfermagem às mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Ribeiro Amanda Maria Villas Bôas , Santos da Silva Baldoino Iracema
Published: May 2021

Diante da magnitude e repercussões da violência na vida da mulher, realizou-se a presente revisão sobre o acolhimento e assistência de enfermagem às mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica. Foi feita busca nas bases de dados Scielo e Lilacs a partir dos descritores em Ciências em Saúde: Mulher, Violência Doméstica, Enfermagem, Acolhimento, com auxílio do operador booleano AND. A partir dos oito artigos selecionados foi demonstrada a importância do acolhimento de enfermagem à mulher vítima de violência. Contudo, evidenciou-se que os profissionais de enfermagem, no geral, ainda estão despreparados para atender às mulheres vitimas de violência doméstica de forma acolhedora e humanizada, deixando assim de garantir o direito à saúde de forma integral. Desta forma, entende-se que este estudo aponta para a urgência de se efetivar na prática, a capacitação de profissionais de enfermagem e todos os profissionais da área de saúde. É necessário investimento em equipe multidisciplinar que atenda e direcione as vítimas a locais seguros e confortáveis.
Recursos econômicos de idosos em corresidência
Authors: Leão Silva Jainne Oliveira , Sampaio Talita Santos Oliveira , Souza Adrielle Santos , Vilela Alba Benemérita Alves , Sampaio Lucas Silveira
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo objetivou verificar os recursos econômicos dos idosos em corresidência. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, vinculado ao Núcleo de Pesquisa e Estudos em Saúde do Idoso da Faculdade Independente do Nordeste. Utilizou-se o banco de dados do munícipio de Vitória da Conquista e foram incluídos no estudo todos os idosos em corresidência cadastrados nas Unidades de Saúde da Família e que denotaram condições cognitivas de responder aos questionamentos do Mini Exame do Estado Mental, totalizando 239 idosos. Dentre os participantes, a idade encontrada foi entre 60 anos e 95 anos. Houve predominância do sexo feminino (77%) e do estado civil casado (42,6%) e viúvos (41,8%). Referente aos aspectos econômicos observou-se uma predominância de renda de apenas 1 salário mínimo (67,4%) e fonte de renda baseada em aposentadorias e pensões (87,4%). Identificou-se uma maior convivência com netos (57,3%), seguido de filhos (55,2%) e filhas (54,0%).  Verificou-se neste estudo que, quanto a percepção de suficiência de renda para as necessidades básicas dos idosos sempre faltava um pouco. Dessa forma, este estudo permite um maior conhecimento da população e da comunidade cientifica sobre a temática, favorecendo políticas sociais e de saúde para idosos e familiares no intuito de favorecer um bom convívio.
Determining Robust Reaction Kinetics from Limited Data
Authors: Ozbuyukkaya Gizem , Parker Robert , Veser Goetz
Published: May 2021

Accurate chemical kinetics are essential for reactor design and
operation. However, despite recent advances in “big data” approaches,
availability of kinetic data is often limited in industrial practice.
Herein, we present a comparative proof-of-concept study for kinetic
parameter estimation from limited data. Cross-validation (CV) is
implemented to nonlinear least-squares (LS) fitting and evaluated
against Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and genetic algorithm (GA)
routines using synthetic data generated from a simple model reaction. As
expected, conventional LS is fastest but least accurate in predicting
true kinetics. MCMC and GA are effective for larger data sets but tend
to overfit to noise for limited data. Cross-validation least-square
(LS-CV) strongly outperforms these methods at much reduced computational
cost, especially for significant noise. Our findings suggest that
implementation of cross-validation with conventional regression provides
an efficient approach to kinetic parameter estimation with high
accuracy, robustness against noise, and only minimal increase in
complexity.
Influence of Selected Multiaxial Stress Paths on Fatigue Estimation under Variable Amplitude Loading
Authors: Papuga Jan , Margetin Matúš , Chmelko Vladimír
Published: May 2021

The paper discusses solutions used for estimating fatigue life under
variable amplitude multiaxial loading in the high-cycle fatigue domain.
Various concurring effects are treated, and their proposed solutions are
commented upon. The focus is on the categories of the phase shift effect
and of cycle counting. It is concluded that the available experimental
data are not sufficient to substantiate a clear decision to follow a
definite algorithm. An example of own new experimental data is provided,
and the fatigue life estimation run to highlight some more points open
for discussion.
Análisis de una encuesta sobre la enseñanza de la escritura en la educación obligatoria: prácticas y variables del profesorado
Authors:   Universidad de León, Sánchez-Rivero Rut , Alves Rui A. , Limpo Teresa , Fidalgo Raquel
Published: May 2021

Se analiza el uso que el profesorado de edu­cación obligatoria afirma hacer en su enseñanza de la escritura de prácticas instruccionales efec­tivas, derivadas de una revisión de meta-análisis en el ámbito de la instrucción en escritura. Se consideraron las diferencias en el uso de estas prácticas a lo largo de la educación obligatoria y la influencia que tienen variables del docente, como su eficacia, sus actitudes y su preparación. Participaron 515 docentes de Lengua Castellana y Literatura de diferentes colegios e institutos de enseñanza secundaria de Castilla y León. Se aplicó de forma online un cuestionario sobre la frecuencia de uso de prácticas instruccionales cuya eficacia ha sido contrastada a nivel cien­tífico, derivadas de una exhaustiva revisión de estudios de meta-análisis de la instrucción en escritura. Se tomaron adicionalmente medidas sobre las creencias de eficacia personal y general del profesorado, las actitudes hacia la escritura y su enseñanza y el nivel de preparación percibido por los docentes para la enseñanza de la escritu­ra. Los resultados muestran un uso infrecuente de dichas prácticas instruccionales, especialmen­te en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Los docentes de la Educación Secundaria Obligato­ria muestran niveles de eficacia personal y de preparación para la enseñanza de la escritura significativamente menores que el profesorado de Educación Primaria. El nivel de eficacia per­sonal, el nivel de preparación para la enseñanza de la escritura y las actitudes hacia la escritura y su enseñanza influyen en el uso que los docentes afirman hacer de estas prácticas instruccionales.
Adolescentes ciberacosadores y uso problemático de Internet: el papel protector de las autovaloraciones centrales
Authors:   Universidad de Málaga, Yudes Carolina , Rey Lourdes , Extremera Natalio
Published: May 2021

La ciberperpetración es un problema creciente de la sociedad actual, pero, aunque los factores de riesgo son ampliamente estudiados, son pocas las investigaciones centradas en los recursos personales que podrían favorecer su prevención o reducción. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si las autovaloraciones centrales pueden moderar la relación entre uso problemático de Internet y ciberperpetración. Los participantes fueron 456 ciberacosadores de entre 12 y 18 años (edad media: 15.01; DT = 1.44), extraídos de una muestra inicial de 2085 jóvenes. Como instrumentos de medida se utilizaron tres medidas de autoinforme (ciberperpetracion: ECIP-Q; uso problemático de Internet: IAT; autovaloraciones centrales: CSE). Los resultados revelan que la ciberperpetración se relacionó positivamente con el uso problemático de Internet y negativamente con las CSE. El análisis de moderación puso de manifiesto el papel protector de las CSE únicamente cuando el nivel de uso problemático de Internet no es muy elevado. Estos resultados apuntan a la necesidad de implementar actuaciones preventivas del uso problemático de Internet y ciberacoso en edades tempranas, en las que el trabajo sobre los recursos personales positivos sean la clave. Se concluye que esta problemática requiere de modelos comprensivos más amplios que los existentes hasta el momento en los que, junto a los factores de vulnerabilidad, se tomen en consideración factores personales, familiares y contextuales que puedan actuar como protectores.
Educación y crianza de los hijos. Detección de necesidades socioeducativas y formativas de los progenitores
Authors:   Universidad de Educación a Distancia, Rubio Hernández Francisco José , Jiménez Fernández María del Carmen , Trillo Miravalles M.ª Paz
Published: May 2021

Los progenitores se preguntan en multitud de ocasiones qué y cómo proceder ante las diferentes situaciones surgidas con sus hijos. A estas cuestiones intentan dar respuesta los programas de educación parental (PEP). Sin embargo, es pertinente llevar a cabo un diagnóstico actualizado de necesidades formativas y socioeducativas de los progenitores en relación con la crianza y educación de los menores. Para ello, se establecieron los siguientes objetivos: a) determinar el grado de cumplimiento de los principios de la parentalidad positiva (PPP) en una muestra de padres y madres; b) detectar agrupamientos de progenitores en función de los PPP y las características sociodemográficas; c) identificar sus preferencias formativas y de asistencia a dichas intervenciones. 389 progenitores conformaron la muestra. Se ejecutaron análisis cualitativos de contenidos y cuantitativos descriptivos, así como multivariante de conglomerados; se aplicaron las pruebas U de Mann-Whitney, H de Kruskal-Wallis, Binomial y Chi-cuadrado. Los resultados mostraron menores puntuaciones en comunicación, control del estrés e implicación; mayores en actividades compartidas, reconocimiento y afecto. Se obtuvieron cuatro clústeres de progenitores (bajo, medio, alto y muy alto seguimiento de los PPP). Expusieron predilección por la modalidad grupal de programa, la asistencia los fines de semana, en horario de tarde y cuando los hijos atraviesan la primera infancia. Algunos de los contenidos formativos señalados estaban relacionados con las emociones, la comunicación, la resolución de conflictos, el manejo de comportamientos, las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, los valores, las normas, la sexualidad y las drogas. Los sujetos encuestados requieren de intervenciones que tengan en cuenta las prioridades expresadas. Los hallazgos permitirán contrastar si las intervenciones implementadas y evaluadas en el contexto explorado contestan con solvencia a las necesidades detectadas, así como justificar el diseño de otras nuevas si fuese necesario.
Measuring the Affective and Cognitive Bases of Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Towards Domestic and Foreign Food Brands
Authors:   Baltic International Academy, Urbane Biruta , Plotka Irina ,   Baltic International Academy, Blumenau Nina ,   Baltic International Academy, Igonin Dmitry ,   Baltic International Academy
Published: May 2021

The problem of accounting automatic affective and cognitive processes as bases for implicit attitudes towards brands, as well as methods for measuring them, is poorly developed. An analysis of previous research shows that the study of attitudes towards brands in terms of their affective and cognitive components is mainly carried out using self-assessment procedures. The aim of this research is to measure the affective and cognitive bases of implicit and explicit attitudes towards brands of domestic and foreign foods. Participants N = 131, aged 17-57 (Mdn = 31). Measures: specifically designed methodically balanced procedures for measuring implicit and explicit attitudes towards food brands: affective and cognitive implicit associative tests (IAT), Self-Concept IAT; emotional and cognitive explicit procedures and demographic questionnaires. The consistency of the results of implicit and explicit measurements is shown. The results of the measurements of implicit attitudes using three IAT procedures are related too. Using factor analysis, the independence of the constructs of explicit and implicit attitudes towards brands was confirmed, which is interpreted in terms of the theory of double attitudes. The greatest contribution to the implicit attitude, measured by the Self-concept IAT, is made by the cognitive component of attitude, which represents the implicit brand associations of domestic or foreign foods with attributes that characterize the price and quality of the foods. All implicit assessments obtained separately using the affective and cognitive procedures of the IAT, as well as the Self-concept IAT, testified in favour of the preference for foods of domestic brands. However, explicit assessments of the frequency of consumption of the brands under consideration did not reveal preferences for any of them. This discrepancy is seen not only as evidence of a possible ambivalent interaction between affective and cognitive associations, but also as an indication of the importance of future measurements of implicit assessments of instrumental associations that are the result of instrumental learning from consumers. This has the potential to improve the predictive validity of implicit measurements of brand attitudes and to better understand the structure of implicit consumer attitudes and the mechanisms of their influence on behaviour.
“Conflict of Goals” as a Barrier for Effective Use of Visual Models in Primary Math Education
Authors:   Belarusian State Pedagogical University, Urban Maria , Vasilevska Daina ,   Liepaja University
Published: May 2021

The formation of the ability to solve non-trivial life problems is one of the tasks of school education in the context of achieving sustainable development goals. In the process of teaching mathematics, one of the most effective ways to find solutions to problems is modelling – a teaching method that not only helps students to consciously assimilate mathematical content, but also forms the basis for selfstudy throughout life. Visual models, which reflect the essential characteristics of mathematical concepts by pictorial means, play a special role in the process of initial teaching of mathematics. Teachers can use active and passive techniques for working with visual models in mathematics lessons, which differ in the degree of children’s participation in building a visual model. The main goal of this article is to identify which techniques teachers prefer working with visual models in practice in mathematics lessons. To achieve this goal, the questionnaire method, the multi-criteria assessment method, and the moderation method were applied. This article presents the results of a study devoted to identifying teachers’ preferred methods of working with visual models when conducting mathematics lessons, identifying their theoretical ideas about the value of each group of techniques, as well as establishing the reasons for the revealed discrepancy between the practical preferences of teachers and their theoretical ideas.
The Pros and Cons of Online Learning Environment from the Students’ Perspective
Authors:   Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Valantinaite Ilona , Sederevičiūtė-Pačiauskienė Živilė ,   Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
Published: May 2021

The country’s participation in the Bologna process obliges it to strategically develop lifelong learning. The internet network is a key to accessibility of studies to everybody. Technologization seems to be an integral part of the system of education in the 21st century. According to the researchers, technologization facilitates teaching/learning and makes it more attractive, accessible, individual and efficient. However, some researchers still doubt its effectiveness and efficiency. Therefore, what factors promote technologization? Do efforts and insights of politicians answer the students’ needs? The aim of the study is to reveal the attitude of students towards application of virtual learning environments in the study process and its compliance with the contemporary tendencies in study organisation. The article focuses on the development of lifelong learning in the Bologna process documents. The data of qualitative research are also presented: the students’ attitude towards advantages and disadvantages of applying virtual learning environments in the study process. The applied methods include analysis of scholarly literature and documents, qualitative research. The article presents the analysis of open-ended questions about the advantages and disadvantages of virtual learning environments. The research sample included 106 third year university students. Technically the accessibility of studies is developed but the personal individuality and exceptionality of individual needs are trivialized to convenience of learning when the place and time for learning can chose. If the main focus of studies is diverted from the personality growth, building up of individual's values and worldview to technologization exclusively, a passive consumer society, whose members are not ready to assume responsibility and do not justify the essential idea of higher education, is developed. Unbalanced workload of highly qualified specialists in higher education institutions does not create the anticipated economic value, economic and social wellbeing or added value. Appropriate distribution of responsibilities establishes conditions for development of culture and building up personalities.
Learning Self-Reliance and Responsibility from the Point of View of Existentialism
Authors:   RISEBA University of Applied Sciences, Veide Martins
Published: May 2021

As a result of the increased amount of information the importance of its independent, critical evaluation is increasing, so that the knowledge learning would not be replaced by the accumulation of information. The responsibility for and the ability to evaluate information independently are relevant as learning outcomes of education for sustainable development. Responsibility and self-reliance as important areas of human life are the focus areas of the existentialist approach; still, this approach is very little used in pedagogy. The results of this research substantiate the topicality of the existentialist approach in modern humanistic pedagogy, in which the emphasis is placed on the personal significance of the learning process. The main aim of the article is to analyse the learning of self-reliance and responsibility from the point of view of existentialism and to evaluate the conditions of its realization in pedagogical practice. The study was done by combining the results of the author’s previous empirical research, observations in pedagogical practice and analysis of the scientific literature. In the minds of Latvian adults, their self-reliance and responsibility are integral components of both the quality of living and the meaning of learning. With age, there is a growing tendency to associate self-reliance not with independent thinking, but with independence and, consequently, existential concerns about the possibility of its realization. An important existential aspect of the learning process is: the distinction between learning to be self-reliant and responsible and learning to find a place in the network and function in pursuit of personal safety and worth. Self-reliance as a relative independence from security, belongingness and recognition and responsibility as an awareness of one's impulses, feelings and attitudes are related to the survival of existential loneliness and overcoming anxiety. Learning self-reliance and responsibility means learning self-reflection, learning to meet oneself, getting to know one's interests and the factors that cause fear, rather than diverting attention to others to information that helps to justify oneself.
Corpus in Translation Classroom: A Case Study of Translating Economic Terms
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Anisimova Alexandra , Vishnyakova Olga ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the role of corpus in translation and translation studies. The paper focuses on different aspects which should be taken into consideration when compiling a representative corpus. The researchers focus on the role the corpus of professional texts plays when choosing translation equivalents for terms, including just created and not yet registered in terminological dictionaries. The aim of the research is to elaborate the approach to the use of corpus material in the course of translation in specialized and professional fields, with particular attention to some aspects of translation competence development. The analysis based on the comparative, definitional and contextual methods proved that parallel text corpora provide professional experts, as well as students of translation, with reliable knowledge of linguistic units functioning and semantic meaning actualization within certain contexts in the Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) domain. The studies have shown that a comparative statistical analysis of a corpus of professional texts might be recommended when looking for an adequate equivalent for a term. The scope of application of the methodology suggested is not confined to certain terminological systems or fields of knowledge. The translation competence development that includes compiling text corpora and making adequate choices by students dealing with appropriate instructions on the part of the teacher, as the task concerns with high level of knowledge acquisition as refers to both linguistic and translation expertise.
Separation of Cartesian products of graphs into several connected components by the removal of edges
Authors: Spacapan Simon
Published: May 2021

Let G = (V (G),E(G)) be a graph. A set S ? E(G) is an edge k-cut in G if the
graph G-S = (V (G), E(G) \ S) has at least k connected components. The
generalized k-edge connectivity of a graph G, denoted as ?k(G), is the
minimum cardinality of an edge k-cut in G. In this article we determine
generalized 3-edge connectivity of Cartesian product of connected graphs G
and H and describe the structure of any minimum edge 3-cut in G2H. The
generalized 3-edge connectivity ?3(G2H) is given in terms of ?3(G) and ?3(H)
and in terms of other invariants of factors G and H.
Survival estimates and risk factors for failure of palatal and buccal mini-implants
Authors: Arqub Sarah Abu , Gandhi Vaibhav , Mehta Shivam , Palo Ledjo , Upadhyay Madhur , Yadav Sumit
Published: May 2021

Objectives

The primary objective was to compare the success and survival rates of palatal and buccal mini-implants for different locations and treatment requirements. The secondary objective was to evaluate risk factors influencing the survival of mini-implants.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective cohort, records of 127 orthodontic patients with 257 mini-implants were included after imposing inclusion/exclusion criteria. Along with the implant failure data, factors such as age, sex, transverse location, anteroposterior location, and purpose of mini-implants were recorded. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to draw the curves and a Nathan Mantel-David Cox test to compare variables.

Results

The failure rate of palatal mini-implants was 8.5%, whereas the failure rate for buccal shelf mini-implants was 68.7% (P < .0001). A significant difference was that the survival rates of palatal mini-implants were dependent on the purpose of the mini-implants and, for the buccal mini-implants, they were dependent on the skeletal malocclusion and location type of mini-implants (P < .05).

Conclusions

The overall survival rate of palatal mini-implants was high, at 91.5%. Of the buccal mini-implants, inter-radicular mini-implants had the highest survival rate for 12 (75.5%) and 24 (71.9%) months, while buccal shelf mini-implants had the lowest success and survival rates for 12 (31.3%) and 24 (20.8%) months. Class III malocclusion had the lowest survival rate for the buccal mini-implants (65.3% and 54.2%) for 12 and 24 months.
Metformin Affects Gut Microbiome Composition and Function and Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Mueller Noel T. , Differding Moira K. , Zhang Mingyu , Maruthar Nisa , Juraschek Stephen P , III Edgar R. Miller , Appel Lawrence J. , Yeh Hsin-Chieh
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the longer-term effects
of metformin and behavioral weight loss on gut microbiota and SCFAs.

Methods: We conducted a parallel-arm,
randomized trial. We enrolled overweight/obese adults who had been treated for solid
tumors but had no ongoing cancer treatment and randomized them (n=121) to: 1) metformin
(up to 2000mg), 2) coach-directed behavioral weight loss, or 3) self-directed care
(control) for 12 months. We collected stool and serum at baseline (n=114), 6
months (n=109) and 12 months (n=105). From stool, we extracted microbial DNA
and conducted amplicon and metagenomic sequencing. We measured SCFAs and other
biochemical parameters from fasting serum.

Results: Of the 121 participants, 79% were female, 46%
were black, and the mean age was 60y. Only metformin intervention significantly
altered microbiota composition. Compared to control, metformin increased E. Coli and Ruminococcus torques and decreased Intestinibacter Bartletti at both 6 and 12 months, and decreased
the genus Roseburia (genus),
including R. faecis and R. intestinalis, at 12 months. Effects
were similar when comparing metformin to the behavioral weight loss group. Metformin
also altered 62 metagenomic functional pathways and increased butyrate, acetate,
and valerate at 6 months. Behavioral weight loss vs. control did not
significantly alter microbiota composition, but did increase acetate at 6
months. Increases in acetate were associated with decreases in fasting insulin.

Conclusions: Metformin, but not behavioral weight
loss, impacted gut microbiota composition and function at 6 months and 12
months. Both metformin and behavioral weight loss altered 6-month SCFAs, including
increasing acetate which correlated with improved insulin sensitivity.
American Diabetes Association Framework for Glycemic Control in Older Adults: Implications for Risk of Hospitalization and Mortality
Authors: Rooney Mary R. , Tang Olive , Tcheugui Justin B. Echouffo , Lutsey Pamela L. , Grams Morgan E. , Windham B. Gwen , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

Objective: The
2021 American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines recommend different A1C
targets in older adults based on comorbid health status. We assessed risk of mortality
and hospitalizations in older adults with diabetes across glycemic control (A1C <7%, 7-<8%, ≥8%) and ADA-defined health status (healthy,
complex/intermediate, very complex/poor) categories.

Research Design and Methods: Prospective
cohort analysis of older adults aged 66-90 years with diagnosed diabetes in the
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Results: In the
1841 participants (56% were women, 29% Black), 32% were classified as healthy, 42%
had complex/intermediate, and 27% had very complex/poor health. Over a median 6-year follow-up, there were 409 (22%)
deaths and 4130 hospitalizations (median, 25th-75th: 1, 0-3
per person). In the very complex/poor category, individuals with A1C≥8% (versus
A1C<7%) had higher mortality risk (HR 1.76, 95%CI:1.15-2.71), even after
adjustment for glucose-lowering medication use. Within the very complex/poor health
category, individuals with A1C≥8% had more hospitalizations (incidence rate
ratio (IRR) 1.41, 95%CI:1.03-1.94) than those with A1C<7%. In the
complex/intermediate group, individuals with A1C≥8% (versus A1C<7%) had more
hospitalizations even with adjustment for glucose-lowering medication use [IRR 1.64
(1.21-2.24)]. Results were similar, but imprecise, when the analysis was
restricted to insulin or sulfonylurea users (n=663).

Conclusions: There were
substantial differences in mortality and hospitalizations across ADA health
status categories, but older adults with A1C<7% were not at elevated risk,
regardless of health status. Our results support the 2021 ADA guidelines and
indicate that <7% is a reasonable treatment goal in some older adults with
diabetes.
Differences in Body Composition Convey a Similar Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Different Ethnic Groups With Disparate Cardiometabolic Risk—The HELIUS Study
Authors: Zethof Marleen , Mosterd Charlotte M. , Collard Didier , Galenkamp Henrike , Agyemang Charles , Nieuwdorp Max , Raalte Daniël H. van , Born Bert-Jan H. van den
Published: May 2021

Objective: Studies have
shown a disparate association between body composition and the risk of type 2
diabetes. We assessed whether associations between differences in body
composition and type 2 diabetes vary among ethnic groups with disparate cardiometabolic risk.

Research Design and Methods: We used data from the HELIUS study, including
individuals aged 18-70 of African Surinamese (n=3997), South-Asian
Surinamese (n=2956), Turkish (n=3546), Moroccan (n=3850), Ghanaian (n=2271) and
Dutch (n=4452) origin living in Amsterdam. Type 2 diabetes was defined using the World Health Organization criteria.
Logistic regression was used to assess the relation between body composition
and type 2 diabetes. Waist-hip
ratio,
waist circumference, BMI and body fat percentage by bio-electrical impedance
were used to estimate body composition.

Results: Per unit change in
BMI only Ghanaian [OR 0.94 (95% CI 0.89-0.99)] and Moroccan [0.94 (0.89-0.99)] women had a
smaller increase in type 2
diabetes per unit change in BMI compared to the
Dutch population, while OR
for body fat percentage were 0.94 (0.89-1.00) for Ghanaian, 0.93 (0.88-0.99)
for Moroccan and 0.95 (0.90-1.00) for South-Asian Surinamese women. There was
no interaction between WHR and ethnicity on the risk of type 2 diabetes, and there were no differences
in men. WHR had the highest precision in predicting
type 2 diabetes in both men (c-statistic=0.78) and women (c-statistic=0.81).

Conclusions: The association
between differences in body composition and type 2 diabetes is roughly the same
in all ethnic groups. WHR seems the most reliable and consistent predictor of
type 2 diabetes regardless of ethnic background. 
Estádios vazios : o torcer em pandemia
Authors: Vasconcelos Pedro
Published: May 2021

Plan :Introdução1. Notas sobre o torcer2. Experiências, torcida e pandemia2.1. Totens e sons pré-gravados2.2. Telões em transmissão ao vivo3. Reconfigurações e permanências
Caos, teorias da conspiração e pandemia
Authors: Demuru Paolo
Published: May 2021

PlanIntrodução1. Inimigos passados, presentes e futuros2. À beira de uma eterna catástrofe3. Entre previsibilidade e imprevisibilidade4. Vazios e segredos : dentro a indeterminação5. Paixões e humores futurosConclusão
NARRATIVAS DE LEITURA E FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE SOB A ÓTICA DE UM PROFESSOR RECÉM-FORMADO
Authors: Ferreira de Sousa Ricardo , Alves de Oliveira Poliana
Published: May 2021

O presente texto apresenta um ensaio sobre a formação leitora de um professor recém-formado em Letras pela Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT). O estudo parte da inquietação dos pesquisadores em saber como foram as experiências leitoras de professores recém-formados e quais são suas percepções acerca da docência. Assim, tomamos como objeto a narrativa de um professor para representar esse ato tão especial que é a imersão em práticas letradas. Adota-se nesta pesquisa o estudo de caso e o procedimento entrevista, transcrição e análise de dados. Para isso, amparamos no pressuposto do interacionismo discursivo da perspectiva de Bakhtin (2011) e de outros autores. Para chegar ao objetivo principal, analisa-se os dados coletados a partir de três perguntas: Por que você escolheu ser professor? Como foram suas experiências com a leitura ao longo da vida? Que importância teve a leitura na sua vida? Os resultados apontam para uma reflexão sobre o fato de que a docência foi uma escolha pessoal do participante e que a leitura permitiu a este que vivenciasse um trajeto brilhante e promissor em seus estudos.
Forecasting Collapse and Monitoring of the Main Roof Current State in Working Faces of Coal Mines with Shallow Seams
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Nedzelskiy A.I. , Shnayder I.V. ,   LLC INGORTECH,   Ural State Mining University, Lapin E.S. ,   Ural State Mining University
Published: May 2021

Main roof state monitoring and assessment of the roof hanging influence on the coal seam in working face of the coal mines with medium thickness seams with dip angle varying from 0 to 35° using a long-pillar development system along strike and uprising with roof control by complete collapse and abandonment of inter-main pillars a technically difficult task and currently unsolvable by tools. The main roof, composed of fine-grained gray sandstones, coarse-grained siltstones or interbedding of siltstones with sandstones, with average strengths of layers of about 30–40 MPa, is predicted to be moderately collapsing, and more than 50 MPa as difficult to collapse over a large area of coal seam spread. Hanging of the main roof with subsequent uncontrolled collapse can lead to the displacement of methane accumulating in the waste space into the face and provoke an explosion, fire or other emergency. It should be noted that the urgency of the problem is due to the fact that when large masses of the roof collapse during the lava retreat, an instantaneous release of large volumes of air from the collapsed space, accompanied by the release of methane and coal dust, occurs, which has repeatedly led to accidents. The article discusses the prediction of collapse and main roof current state monitoring in the working faces of coal mines with a shallow bedding by seismic method. Using «Mikon-GEO» as a seismic prediction system in coal mines and pits allows to make risks manageable and accounted.
Automated Fiber-Optic System for Monitoring the Stability of the Pit Quarry Mass and Dumps
Authors:   Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Меkhtiyev А.D. , Neshina E.G. ,   National Karaganda Technical University, Madi P.Sh. ,   Karaganda Technical University,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Gorokhov D.A. ,   Karaganda Technical University,   JSC «AK Altynalmas»
Published: May 2021

This article ls with the issues related to the development of a system for monitoring the deformation and displacement of the rock mass leading to the collapse of the quarry sides. Monitoring system uses point-to-point fiber-optic sensors. Fiber-optic sensors and control cables of the communication line are made based on the single mode optical fibers, which allows to measure with high accuracy the deformations and displacements of the rock mass at a distance of 30-50 km. To create fiber-optic pressure sensors, an optical fiber of the ITU-T G. 652.D standard is used. Laboratory sample is developed concerning the point fiber-optic sensor made based on the two-arm Mach-Zender interferometer using a single mode optical fiber for monitoring strain (displacements) with a change in the sensitivity and a reduced influence of temperature interference leading to zero drift. The article presents a mathematical apparatus for calculating the intensity of radiation of a light wave passing through an optical fiber with and without mechanical stress. A laboratory sample of single mode optical fibers based on the Mach-Zender interferometer showed a fairly high linearity and accuracy in the measurement and can be used to control the strain of the mass after appropriate refinement of its design. Mathematical expressions are also given for determining the intensity of the light wave when the distance between the fixing points of a single mode optical fiber changes depending on the change in the external temperature. A diagram for measuring strain using a point fiber-optic strain sensor is developed. Hardware and software package is developed, which can be used to perform a number of settings of measuring channels. The work is aimed at solving the production problems of the Kenzhem quarry of AK Altynalmas JSC.
Efficiency Assessment of Fire Alarm Systems Actuation at the Production Facilities for the Period 2016–2020
Authors:   FGBU VNIIPO of EMERCOM of Russia, Poroshin A.A. , Kondashov A.A. ,   FGBU VNIIPO of EMERCOM of Russia, Sibirko V.I. ,   FGBU VNIIPO of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: May 2021

The issues of ensuring fire safety of industrial enterprises using automatic fire alarm systems is discussed in the article. The foreign and Russian experience of conducting assessment of the efficiency of automatic fire alarm systems is analyzed. Despite the improvement of the regulatory framework for automatic fire alarm systems, the creation of new devices and technologies for detecting fire hazards, the problem of improving the reliability of automatic fire alarm systems actuation remains relevant. Using the statistical data of the federal state information system «Federal data bank «Fires», the calculations were made of the efficiency of automatic fire alarm system actuation at the industrial facilities from 2016 to 2020. Various types of industrial objects are considered: industrial buildings; warehouse buildings (structures); buildings, industrial installations. Calculations of the efficiency of automatic fire alarm systems are based on determining the number of cases of implementation of various modes of its operation. The social and material consequences of fires are investigated considering actuation of the automatic fire alarm systems. When calculating the efficiency of automatic fire alarm systems, the belonging of production facilities to a certain type of property, risk category and branch of industry is considered. Studies showed that the highest efficiency is characteristic of production facilities that are in the federal ownership (90.9 %) and grows up with an increase in the risk category of the object of protection. Thus, for industrial facilities assigned to the category of high risk, the efficiency of automatic fire alarm system actuation for the period from 2016 to 2020 is 92.3 %. By the type of industry, the lowest efficiency of automatic fire alarm system actuation is observed at the fuel industry (62 %), as well as at the construction and shipbuilding enterprises (75 %).
Improvement of the Work Efficiency of Accredited Testing Laboratories on the Conformity Assessment of the Elevators by the Automation of the Electronic Document Workflow
Authors:   FSBEI of HE «Don State Technical University», Meskhi B.Ch. , Panfilov A.V. ,   FSBEI of HE «Don State Technical University», Korotkiy A.A. ,   FSBEI of HE «Don State Technical University»
Published: May 2021

The list of goals for the implementation of the «regulatory guillotine» includes: the creation in the field of regulation of a new system of clear and readable requirements for business entities, removal of excessive administrative burden on business entities, reduction of risks of causing harm (damage) to the protected values using modern means and methods of the digital economy. The article is devoted to the issues of improving the work efficiency of the certified specialists of the accredited testing laboratories with the introduction of new regulatory legal acts that establish the requirements, conformity with which is subject to verification in the implementation of the state control (supervision). These documents are developed considering the risk-oriented approach and the current level of digital technological development. An electronic digital platform is created, which includes a specialized software application based on the Android and web interface. It contains personal accounts for the work of a specialist, administrator, and archivist of an accredited testing laboratory. The use of the Liftguru software in the preparation of technical documentation of an accredited testing laboratory based on the results of the elevator conformity assessment in accordance with the procedures provided for in GOST R 58973—2020 «Conformity assessment. Rules for registration of test reports», ensures an increase in the productivity of a specialist who directly performs research and measurements. It also allows to organize electronic document workflow with the presence of an electronic digital signature. The software received a certificate of state registration of the program for the preparation of technical documentation of an accredited testing laboratory based on the results of the elevator conformity assessment. The developers also received a certificate of conformity confirming the possibility of industrial use of the Liftguru software by the accredited testing laboratories.
Increasing the Safety of Operation of Industrial Technical Systems from the Composite Materials by Predicting Their Life on the Basis of New Methods of Non-Destructive Control and Deep Neural Networks
Authors:   JSC «Central Research Institute of Special Engineering», Kozelskaya S.O.
Published: May 2021

The problem is considered related to increase of the operational safety of industrial facilities made of composite materials by means of an a priori assessment of the maximum service life. Two tasks are being solved: development of the new methods and means of non-destructive testing allowing to identify the defects that appear in the process of testing products with various loads and in the process of their operation; development of the new methods and means for assessing service life of the products based on the results of non-destructive testing. The first problem is being solved by the development of optical-thermographic non-destructive testing, including the technologies of ultrasonic thermotomography and electric force thermography, which determine the state of the object by dynamic temperature fields and optical control technology based on the fiber-optic sensors that measure the amount of material internal deformation under a force effect on the structure. Solution to the second problem is based on the use of neural network analysis (artificial neural networks) for assessment and prediction of the service life using the results of non-destructive testing with preliminary training of the neural network. An estimate was obtained by the experimental studies related to the error in determining the products service life, which is 12.6 %. The implementation of the proposed approach will allow to create the new technologies for predicting the service life of elements and structures made of composite materials using the results of non-destructive testing, which will provide an additional opportunity for developing practical recommendations on the confirmation or extension of the service life and improvement of safety for structures operation.
Development of the Methodology for a Biological Factor Assessment Considering Occupational Risks (Using the Example of Employees of the Treatment Plants)
Authors:   Ufa state petroleum technological university, Biktasheva L.F. , Vadulina N.V. ,   Ufa state petroleum technological university
Published: May 2021

The problem of the limited approach to the method of assessing the biological factor is considered. It is noted that the influence of the biological factor is underestimated for certain professional groups. Assessment of the biological factor is based only on the current methodology for conducting a special assessment of the working conditions, which determines the hazard class for the microorganisms-producers depending on the excess of their maximum allowable concentration in the working area air. For pathogenic microorganisms, the hazard class is determined according to the Classification of biological agents by the pathogenicity groups. In both cases, the occupational risks of the employees in contact with the biological environment are not considered. Additional hazardous factors of the biological agents were identified. This will help to assess more fully the biological factor without leaving out the various biological risks. Similar assessment of the biological factor will allow to determine the class of employees working conditions more accurately. It is proposed to improve the methodology for the assessment of the biological factor, which considers the occupational risks of the wastewater treatment plant employees. Calculation of the index of their occupational risk carried out using the Fine — Kinney method is shown. The conclusion is made about the expediency and necessity of considering occupational risks in the methodology of biological factor assessment. This accounting will allow to determine more precisely the class of the working conditions for the undervalued individual professional group — employees of the wastewater treatment plants.
If the height is right
Authors: Taduran Richard Jonathan O.
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to provide an explanation on the perceptions of height by selected Filipino youth and discuss the factors that shape these perceptions. Both quantitative and qualitative surveys were conducted on 300 youth participants (150 males and 150 females), where they rated 30 statements and answered open-ended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed statistically, and qualitative data were arranged into a comprehensive matrix and thematic coding of responses. Height mainly symbolizes three components: advantage, capability and desirability. Participants believe that being tall is an advantage in playing sports, will open up opportunities for work, and can help in doing everyday tasks. Height can also be a key to attracting the opposite sex. The ‘bigger is better’ prejudice appears to extend to a person’s experiences as well—short people’s experiences differ from those of taller people. Benefits brought by tallness is so sought that many Filipinos exert extra efforts to grow taller. Tall bodies demonstrate a non-economic advantage that gives higher status and sociopolitical distinction in the Filipino society.
«La novela corta contemporánea», de Carmen María Pujante Segura
Authors: Roca Blaya Alberto
Published: May 2021

Reseña del libro La novela contemporánea (Madrid, Visor, 2019), de Carmen María Pujante Segura
São Paulo metrópole e colônia: planejamento urbano, segregação racial e espaço racializado | São Paulo metropolis and colony: urban planning, racial segregation, and racialized space
Authors: Barzaghi Clara , D'Ugo Bragaia Flavio Antonio
Published: May 2021

Este artigo procura aproximar a disciplina do planejamento urbano e postulações de teóricos como Abdias Nascimento, Lélia Gonzalez, Csaba Deák, Sueli Schiffer, Michel Foucault e Achille Mbembe que, a partir de diferentes pontos de partida, caminham para a ideia de que o espaço urbano do século XX é resultado de relações de poder racializadas. Para tanto, recupera brevemente a história de São Paulo sob a ótica das relações econômicas, elabora um diagnóstico da atual segregação socioespacial na cidade e coloca esses elementos em uma perspectiva política e filosófica a partir da qual é possível pensar na cidade como tecnologia de controle de corpos fundada, por sua vez, por uma lógica colonizadora. Dessa forma, o presente artigo se insere em uma frente de trabalho do planejamento urbano que, levando em consideração os aspectos políticose econômicos do presente e do passado que levaram à desigualdade econômica suas diversas expressões no território, examina a cidade sob a ótica da segregação racial, entendida como fundamental para a perpetuação de práticas colonialistas.