bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GAMIFIED CRIME SCENE SIMULATOR FOR PCCR STUDENTS
Authors: Ana Carmela D. Espenocilla
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the efficacy of a gamified learning crime scene simulator as an instructional tool for students at the Philippine College of Criminology (PCCR). The research aims to assess the impact of the simulator on student performance, engagement, and comprehension of crime scene investigation techniques. The evaluation analyzes the relationships between various factors and the outcomes of the gamified learning experience.
The methodology involves implementing the gamified learning crime scene simulator within the academic curriculum at PCCR and gathering performance data from participating students. Quantitative data, including academic performance metrics, user engagement levels, and simulator usage patterns, are collected and analyzed to identify correlations and predictors of success. The study's significance lies in its potential to inform educators, administrators, and technology developers about the effectiveness of gamified learning tools in enhancing the educational experience for students in forensic science or related disciplines. The findings may contribute to the refinement of teaching methodologies, curriculum development, and the design of gamified learning platforms. Additionally, implications for law enforcement training programs and potential benefits for future graduates entering the workforce are explored.
KEYWORDS: Gamified, Crime Scene Simulator, Criminal Justice, Instructional Tool, Student Performance
Building a binary tree of the minimum prices
Authors:   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUCI), Gadasin D.V.
Published: December 2024

One of the methods used in the formalization of the subject area is to gradually defragment it according to the principle from larger to smaller and establish the connection of the obtained parts with numerical values. An attribute is taken as a minimal, indivisible part of the subject area. The attribute can take valid values. The reaction time to events occurring in the domain depends on the time to search for the attribute state, which depends on the type of structure in which the attributes are combined. The paper considers the binary tree-like structure of the organization of attributes. The search time in such a structure is matched by the value of the tree. The cost of a tree is defined as the sum of the products of the weights of the vertices and the level at which this vertex is located. Thus, it is necessary to arrange the vertices by levels in such a way that the resulting cost would be as small as possible, while the tree would remain binary. To build a tree, the Garcia-Voch algorithm is considered in the work. This algorithm allows you to build a minimum cost tree for a hard-coded sequence of attributes with appropriate weights. A method of reducing algorithmic complexity is considered. To conduct the experiment, the attributes that make up the alphabet of the Russian language plus the "space" symbol are considered. The average frequency of occurrence of the symbol in the language is taken as the weight of the attribute. The experiment is conducted for four ways of initial ordering of characters based on their weight: alphabetical order, reverse alphabetical order, descending, ascending, ascending to maximum and descending, descending to maximum and ascending. The constructed tree allows you to get an uneven binary code for each character of the alphabet and calculate the number of binary characters per one char acter of the alphabet. This value fully corresponds to the cost of the tree. Based on this, the most preferred attribute configuration for building a binary tree of minimum cost is determined.
Neural network search for optimal pulse trains for qubit dynamics control
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Sergeev M.A. , Bastrakova M.V. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod,   Scientific Research Institute of Physics and Technology of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Vozhakov V.A. ,   Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Klenov N.V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Soloviev I.I. ,   Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Tereshonok M.V. ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics
Published: December 2024

Despite its insensitivity to charge noise, the transmon's anharmonicity and control pulse length are limited. Transmon state control traditionally involves a quadrature mixer that mixes microwave signals from a room-temperature oscillator and an arbitrary waveform generator to control the single qubit states. Scaling upquan tum processors faces challenges in hardware, management of qubit operations, and read-out procedure due to the large amount of expensive room-temperature equipment required for each qubit. Operating at millikelvin temperatures, these devices introduce thermal noise, reducing qubit lifetime and distorting control signals. An alternative promising control method is based on superconducting digital electronics. In these digital circuits, a bit of information is represented by a short unipolar voltage pulse generated when a single flux quantum (SFQ) pulse passes through a Josephson junction. The qubit states are controlled by the action of a sequence of SFQ pulses, with the pulse-to-pulse timing adjusted to induce a coherent rotation of the state vector in the computational subspace and to minimize leakage to the outside. The paper discusses a method for controlling the states of a transmon qubit using digital superconducting electronics. In this approach, the sequences of picosecond voltage pulses are used to control the state of a quantum computing system. We have considered a control scheme based on a bipolar pulse generator and proposed an algorithm for finding the optimal implementation of a bipolar short pulse control sequence for performing high-precision single-bit operations (with fidelity equal to 99,99 %) using deep learning algorithms with rein forcement: AlphaGo Zero, AlphaZero and Proximal Policy.
Model Matematika Untuk Prediksi Debit Aliran Berdasarkan Rata-Rata Tinggi Air Sungai Dan Kecepatan Aliran
Authors: Pratiwi Yona Eka , Purnomo Rinaldy Harjo
Published: December 2024

Tantangan utama dalam pengembangan wilayah khususnya di kota Situbondo yaitu pengelolaan sumber daya air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model matematika untuk memprediksi debit aliran sungai berdasarkan dua variabel utama, yaitu rata-rata tinggi air dan kecepatan aliran. Dua metode utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model regresi linear dan model diferensial. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari dua sungai yang berbeda, yaitu Sungai 1 dan Sungai 2, dengan pengukuran yang mencakup titik-titik yang berbeda sepanjang aliran sungai. Model regresi linear menghasilkan persamaan yang menghubungkan debit aliran dengan rata-rata tinggi air dan kecepatan aliran, dengan koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0.98 untuk Sungai 1 dan 0.94 untuk Sungai 2, menunjukkan bahwa model regresi dapat menjelaskan sebagian besar variabilitas data pada kedua sungai. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa meskipun kedua model memberikan hasil yang serupa, model diferensial memiliki akurasi yang lebih tinggi dalam menggambarkan perubahan aliran air yang lebih kompleks. Perbandingan antara kedua model menunjukkan bahwa model regresi lebih efisien dan cocok digunakan untuk prediksi cepat, sementara model diferensial lebih tepat untuk analisis mendalam terhadap sistem aliran sungai yang dinamis. Kesimpulannya, baik model regresi maupun model diferensial dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi debit aliran sungai, dengan model diferensial lebih disarankan untuk situasi dengan kondisi aliran yang berubah secara dinamis. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam perencanaan dan pengelolaan sumber daya air serta pengendalian banjir di wilayah sungai.
Sociophonological Gender Variations of EFL Iraqi Students
Authors: Merzah Safaa K.
Published: December 2024

This study employs a mixed-methods approach to examine the phonological challenges faced by Iraqi EFL learners, focusing on gender-based differences and the influence of Iraqi Arabic phonology on English pronunciation. Iraqi Arabic presents unique phonological characteristics—such as dark [??], trilled [r?], and vowel length distinctions—that can complicate the acquisition of English phonology. The study explores two research questions: (1) What phonological features do Iraqi EFL learners struggle with, and how do these differ by gender? (2) How does Iraqi Arabic phonology influence English pronunciation among male and female learners? A quantitative methodology was employed, analyzing speech samples from 50 participants, with frequency counts used to identify patterns. The findings show that both genders struggle with phonological features such as dark [??], trilled [r?], vowel lengthening, monophthongization, and epenthesis. However, gender differences are evident, with males showing higher frequencies of traditional phonological features, while females tend to approximate English norms more closely. These results confirm the significant influence of Iraqi Arabic phonology on English pronunciation, with sociolinguistic factors shaping learners' adaptation strategies. The study contributes to sociophonology and Arabic sociolinguistics and offers practical insights for EFL pedagogy, suggesting targeted pronunciation instruction to address specific challenges faced by Arabic-speaking learners.Keywords: Iraqi EFL learners, phonological variation, gender differences, Iraqi Arabic phonology, sociophonology, pronunciation challenges
Microservices Architecture Using Docker and Kubernetes
Authors: - Anand Laxman Mhatre
Published: December 2024

Microservices architecture has significantly progressed in reforming software development and deployment techniques with incredible scalability, flexibility, and reliability. This whitepaper looks at microservices architecture patterns and why Docker and Kubernetes containerization and orchestration technologies are essential for microservices systems. Due to these technologies, the organization's performance can enhance and increase flexibility in the operation.
Quantitative Analysis of Entrepreneurial Attitudes in Technical (Engineering) Students: Evidence from Uttar Pradesh
Authors: - Aaisha Aleem , - Ehtesham Ahmad
Published: December 2024

The evolving landscape of the economy and the shifting demands of the workforce have spurred numerous engineering institutions to contemplate integrating entrepreneurship education into their curriculum. This integration is not merely an additional component but a synergistic and integral aspect of an engineering education. The primary purpose of this research paper is to study the demographic traits of engineering students and to identify their personality attributes. A total of 177 final-year university students from five different universities, mainly Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Babu Banarasi Das University (BBD), Shri Ramswaroop Memorial College of Engineering & Management, and Baba Saheb Bhim Rao Ambedkar University (BBAU), and Integral University, were selected as respondents. Quantitative data were obtained via a self-evaluation questionnaire and analyzed using the Chi-Square method. The study reveals that engineering students are more interested in exploring entrepreneurship as a career choice. The study concluded that engineering students view entrepreneurship as a promising solution to address unemployment. However, universities must provide students with the necessary skills and knowledge to establish a business. The government should provide a favorable business climate and the essential infrastructure for establishing a new business.
AI-Driven Document Processing: A Novel Framework for Automated Invoice Data Extraction from PDF Documents
Authors: - Santoshkumar Anchoori
Published: December 2024

This article presents a novel approach to automating invoice data extraction using artificial intelligence, addressing the persistent challenges of manual processing in enterprise environments. Traditional rule-based methods for extracting data from PDF invoices have proven inadequate for handling diverse document formats and scaling to meet growing business demands. The article proposes an AI-driven pipeline that integrates optical character recognition, natural language processing, and machine learning to create a robust, scalable solution for automated invoice processing. The system employs an event-driven architecture with real-time processing capabilities, incorporating advanced validation mechanisms and seamless integration with existing enterprise resource planning systems. Through a comprehensive case study at a large retail organization, the article demonstrates significant improvements in processing speed, accuracy, and operational efficiency compared to traditional methods. The findings indicate that AI-driven approaches can substantially reduce manual intervention while improving data quality and compliance. This article contributes to the growing body of knowledge on intelligent document processing and provides practical insights for organizations seeking to modernize their financial operations through automation.
Empowerment and Economic Development of Women in Darrang District and Role of Self-help Groups
Authors: - Priyam Sarma , - Dr. Pranjit Hazarika
Published: December 2024

Empowerment and economic development of women in Darrang district of Assam with the help of Self-help groups and staring of entrepreneurship of women in rural areas.
EVALUATION OF HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH URGENT SURGICAL PATHOLOGY IN MILITARY MEDICINE
Authors:   Center for Development of Professional Qualification of Medical Workers, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Azizova Farida
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates hemodynamic changes in patients with urgent surgical pathologies within the context of military medicine. Hemodynamic stability is crucial for optimizing outcomes in military surgical patients who often present with unique challenges, such as trauma, limited resources, and delayed medical evacuation. The research focuses on identifying key physiological alterations, assessing the efficacy of current monitoring techniques, and exploring advanced therapeutic interventions tailored to the military environment. By analyzing clinical data from a cohort of military surgical cases, this study provides insights into the relationship between hemodynamic parameters and outcomes, aiming to enhance decision-making in field-based surgical care. The findings highlight the importance of early intervention, advanced monitoring technologies, and protocol-driven resuscitation to improve survival rates and reduce complications in this population.
JUDICIAL REVIEW AS A FUNCTION OF THE JUDICIARY
Authors:   Ph.D., Associate Professor, Adviser to Director of the Supreme school of judges, Uzbekistan, Urinboevich Dilshod Aripov
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the role of the institute of judicial review in ensuring the independence of the judiciary; its importance in ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens; its differences from fair trial; its types and forms of implementation; its subjects and objects; its purpose and content; its characteristics of execution through legal and disciplinary norms; its functions in law enforcement, regulation, organizational maintenance, education; as well as its prospects in strengthening the independence of the judiciary from other branches of government.
A Comparative Study of Catalyst Effectiveness of Calcined Chicken Eggshells and Cowbone Ash in the Synthesis of Biodiesel from Chicken Fat and Pork Lard
Authors: Onyejegbu Ubachukwu , Dike Onyebuchi Kaosisochukwu , Anaga Festus Chinedu , Ayoola Ilyas Olalekan , Osasogie Kenneth , Bassey Stephanie Nsa
Published: December 2024

This research was a comparative study of waste catalyst effectiveness in the synthesis of biodiesel of waste animal fats. The waste catalysts used were chicken eggshell and cow-bone ash, and the waste animal fats used were chicken fat and pork lard. Catalysts were prepared through calcinations at 900oC in a furnace to produce calcium oxide active sites. Eighteen transesterification experiments were carried out; nine experiments on chicken fat and nine experiments on pork fat. Reaction conditions for each experiment were 1:13 molar ratio of methanol, 5hr reaction time, 60-65oC reaction temperature. Chicken eggshell and cow-bone ash were varied at catalyst loading 5%wt, 7.5wt%, and 10wt% for both chicken fat and pork lard. Comparing starting materials, pork lard and chicken fat, data results showed that pork lard produced higher fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yields on both chicken eggshell and cow-bone ash catalysts; PLME yields were 81% and 82% compared to CFME yields of 74% and 78%. Pork lard proved to be best starting material to synthesize FAMEs using eggshell or cow-bone catalysts. In economic terms for the industrial production of biodiesel from waste animal fats, catalysts are to be selected based on cost and availability. Eggshells produce better quality biodiesel over cow-bone ash based on results from viscosity, cloud point, and pour point analysis.
PLANTAS FORRAGEIRAS PARA ENSILAGEM NA REGIÃO NORTE DO MATO GROSSO
Authors: Pereira Dalton H. , Behling Neto Arthur , Chaves Carla S. , Galato Anielen A. , Souza Juliana M. S. de , Gezualdo João Antônio P. , Santos Emanuely Biasuz dos , Pedreira Bruno C.
Published: December 2024

A ensilagem é um processo essencial para a conservação de forragem, baseado na fermentação natural em ambiente anaeróbico. O objetivo com este capítulo é apresentar pesquisas desenvolvidas no Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia (PPGZ) da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), campus de Sinop, que exploram o uso de diferentes forrageiras na produção de silagem, incluindo milho, cultivares de sorgo ainda não lançados e capins tropicais com aditivos. Para ensilagem de milho, foi observado que a produção deste cereal na região norte do Mato Grosso permite a produção de forragem com características química adequadas para fermentação no interior do silo, além de bom valor nutritivo para os animais. Na região norte do Mato Grosso, diferentes tipos de sorgo podem ser utilizados como alternativa ao milho para produção de silagem. Genótipos comerciais de sorgo forrageiro e sacarino podem ser utilizados por produtores que procuram forragem com bom valor nutritivo, enquanto genótipos comerciais biomassa são uma boa opção para que procura alta produtividade. Além disso, há materiais experimentais de sorgo com características interessantes com potencial para lançamento comercial Já para os produtores que pensam em utilizar capins para a produção de silagem, apesar de haver aditivos inoculantes e enzimáticos no mercado, o fubá de milho, material com oferta elevada na região norte do Mato Grosso, se mostra um aditivo eficiente para uso em capim Piatã para ensilagem, promovendo boa fermentação e a conservação do valor nutritivo do material ensilado.
OS POTYGUARA DA SERRA DAS MATAS: DESFAZENDO OS NÓS DAS PRÁTICAS TRADICIONAIS DE SAÚDE
Authors: Dantas Maria Do Socorro Litaiff Rodrigues , Caprara Andrea
Published: December 2024

Etnografia acerca do processo de (re)elaboração das práticas etnomédicas dos Potyguara de Monsenhor Tabosa, Ceará, na perspectiva crítica histórico-antropológica. Descreve o processo semiótico da dinâmica cultural da população indígena e suas implicações no contexto atual. Ao longo do tempo, os massacres sofridos pela colonização e pelo avanço integracionista, a negação e punição às manifestações religiosas com seus impactos no modo de vida da população indígena que levavam os elevados índices de mortalidade por doenças transmissívei. A Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde dos Povos Indígenas-PNASPI compatibilizou as Leis Orgânicas da Saúde com as da Constituição Federal, que reconhecem aos povos indígenas suas especificidades étnicas e culturais e seus direitos territoriais. Atualmente tem como desafio a convergência dos determinantes sociais e das iniquidades em saúde que corroboram para a concomitância de doenças infecciosas e parasitárias e as doenças cardiovasculares como problemas de saúde persistentes. Esse cenário, associado ao processo de transformações sociais, ao crescimento populacional e as reivindicações político-sociais e per si, reelaboração cultural, especialmente no Nordeste, demandam pela reconstrução da abordagem biomédica hegemônica oficial, uma vez que apresenta preceitos frágeis que não dão conta das especificidades desta população. Propõe-se que a interpretação do processo de reelaboração das práticas tradicionais de saúde na contemporaneidade, poderá contribuir para o fortalecimento dessa reconstrução, através de um trabalho compartilhado entre os cuidadores das práticas tradicionais de saúde indígena e os profissionais (da biomedicina), que poderia se concentrar na compreensão das concepções e da experiência dos processos de adoecimento e cura, a partir do meio sociocultural, entrelaçando etnomedicina e a antropologia simbólica para o alcance de uma atenção realmente diferenciada ao povo indígena. Pesquisa aprovada pelo Comitê e pelo Conselho de Ética em Pesquisa. Os Potyguara na contemporaneidade buscam afirmar-se através da retomada das tradições e dentre elas, as práticas de cura. São identificados variados símbolos utilizados pelos cuidadores tradicionais que, associados a orações e respeito sinalizam para o fortalecimento dessas práticas. Aponta o processo de reelaboração da cultura como mecanismo dinâmico e dialético de reivindicação do ser indígena em sua constante luta por direitos e conquistas sociais e per si, a (re)elaboração dos conhecimentos e práticas etnomédicas dos Potyguara do Mundo Novo e Jacinto.
Optimizing CDN Modeling with API Integration Using Time To- Live (TTL) Caching Technique
Authors: Hendri Hendri , Rukmi Sari Hartati  , Linawati Linawati  , Dewa Made Wiharta
Published: December 2024

This research examines the implementation of Time-To-Live (TTL) caching within a Content Delivery Network (CDN) model that incorporates API integration, structured to simulate a hierarchical configuration of CDN edge servers across Indonesia's administrative tiers. The analysis centers on the influence of TTL configurations on critical performance metrics—namely latency, cache hit ratio, throughput, and bandwidth consumption. Special focus is placed on scenarios in which a 1 MB data object originating from the Central Government (Level 1) is primarily accessed through edge servers positioned at the village level (Level 5). The simulation envisions a CDN architecture where in the Central Government functions as the Main Server/Origin Server, with edge servers extending across 38 provinces (Level 2), 514 regencies (Level 3), 7,277 districts (Level 4), and 83,763 villages (Level 5).
Media framing of ‘Black tax’ in South Africa AFRICA
Authors: Boima Abigail , Oyedemi Toks
Published: December 2024

The study examines the media framing of 'Black Tax', a colloquial concept that describes the financial responsibility young Black South Africans bear in supporting their extended families. Drawing theoretically from the discourses of African communalism and media framing, the study analyses narratives about Black Tax in media texts. Within the intersection and contesting contexts of socio-economic dynamics in South Africa, capitalism and African collectivist culture, the study reveals how the media frame ‘Black Tax’ in selected media texts. There is a dominant frame of ‘Black Tax’ as a financial burden and exploitation for young Black professionals, disregarding African communalism ethos and the generational legacies of poverty and inequality in South Africa.
Empowering local communities: CSR communication strategies and NGO engagement in the Indonesian oil and gas sector
Authors: Taufiq Ahmad , Palimin Pawito , Rahmanto Andre Noevi , Kartono Drajat Tri
Published: December 2024

The Bojonegoro Regency in Indonesia’s East Java province holds great potential in the oil and gas sector, which is important for supporting the regional economy. This study set out to determine how oil and gas companies communicate corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes to stakeholders by analysing the motives behind involving local NGOs in implementing CSR and comparing communication approaches between the multinational oil company ExxonMobil Cepu Limited and domestic gas company PT Pertamina EP Cepu. Thematic mapping was utilised to visualise the relationships between the main themes constructed from the data. The findings highlight the key role of local NGOs in managing CSR, namely serving as communication channels, empowering beneficiaries, and maintaining a strong performance track record that is closely linked to oil mining locations. NGOs also fulfil a dual role, namely carrying out tasks that may prioritise corporate interests over community welfare, and acting as contractors or project partners for implementing programmes that may differ from their original mission.
Recomendaciones para el mes de Febrero
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: December 2024

Febrero hace parte de la primera temporada de menos lluvias en el año. Actualmente, en Colombia estamos en vigilancia de un evento El Niño débil.
Recomendaciones para el mes de Julio
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: December 2024

Continúa la probabilidad del evento El Niño débil. El calentamiento de las aguas en el océano Pacífico tropical coincide con la segunda temporada de menos precipitaciones que se presenta en la región Andina en julio-agosto-septiembre y la continuidad de la temporada lluviosa en las regiones Caribe y la Orinoquia; sin embargo, para la región Caribe, se espera que tanto el volumen de precipitación como el número de días con lluvia estén por debajo de lo normal.
Recomendaciones para el mes de Septiembre
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: December 2024

La fase Neutra asociada al ENOS prevalecerá para lo que resta de 2019. Por lo anterior, serán otras señales de variabilidad climática las que explicarán el comportamiento del clima en el país. Las condiciones de El Niño débil de 2018-19 han terminado, debido a que las temperaturas superficiales del mar en el Pacífico tropical disminuyeron a niveles ENOS-Neutral durante el mes de julio y los patrones en la mayoría de las variables atmosféricas también mostraron condiciones ENOS neutrales.
Recomendaciones para el mes de Octubre
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: December 2024

El IDEAM indica que actualmente y para el resto del año 2019, la fase dominante del fenómeno ENSO será Neutra. Octubre hace parte de la segunda temporada de lluvias del año. Para este mes se espera que las lluvias se presenten dentro de los valores históricos.
Recomendaciones para el mes de Noviembre
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: December 2024

A pesar de los aumentos de los valores de temperatura superficial del mar en el Pacífico Centro-Este predominará la fase Neutra del ENOS en lo que resta del año 2019.
Recomendaciones para el mes de Mayo
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: December 2024

Para mayo, en la zona cafetera se pronostican lluvias muy cercanas a los valores climatológicos, con una probabilidad entre 60% y 70%. Se prevé que la fase Neutra del ENOS se mantenga durante el primer semestre de 2020.
Recomendaciones para el mes de Septiembre
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: December 2024

Para septiembre, se prevé disminución en las precipitaciones entre el 10% y el 40% en gran parte de las regiones Cafeteras Centro Sur y Sur con respecto a la climatología de referencia. En la región Centro Norte se espera un comportamiento de acuerdo con la climatología, con algunas áreas en los departamentos de Caldas, Tolima, Cundinamarca y Santander con reducciones de la precipitación entre el 10% y el 20%. Existe una probabilidad del 60% de que se desarrolle un evento La Niña durante octubre y diciembre de 2020.
Recomendaciones para el mes de Noviembre
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: December 2024

Para noviembre se estiman precipitaciones entre el 10% y el 40% por encima del promedio climatológico de referencia (1981-2010), en gran parte de la región cafetera. Los excesos de precipitación en algunos sectores de la zona Norte cafetera serían superiores al 40%. Actualmente están presentes las condiciones de un evento La Niña, y se prevé que continúe hasta abril de 2021.
When you say nothing at all
Authors: Osborn Haley L.
Published: December 2024

This article scrutinizes the use of the silent gaze and its surrounding context in Costa Rican director Hilda Hidalgo’s film adaptation (2009) of Gabriel García Márquez’s
Del amor y otros demonios
[‘Of Love and Other Demons’] (1994). Despite similarities in plot from novel to film, Hidalgo’s frequent employment of the silent gaze among the female characters draws from the source text’s lack of dialogue and occasional loose details to create a space for the voices and concerns of Latin American and Caribbean women not present in the novel. In this way, the technique reveals a richly feminist commentary that underscores women’s unconscious desire for feminine influences, bonding experiences, unity and personal agency through the act of observing one another.
Initial Mass Functions of Young Stellar Clusters from the Gemini Spectroscopic Survey of Nearby Galaxies. I. Young Massive Clusters in the Antennae Galaxies
Authors: Koo Jae-Rim , Kim Hyun-Jeong , Lim Beomdu
Published: December 2024

The stellar initial mass function (IMF) is a key parameter to understand the star formation process and the integrated properties of stellar populations in remote galaxies. We present a spectroscopic study of young massive clusters (YMCs) in the starburst galaxies NGC 4038/9. The integrated spectra of seven YMCs obtained with GMOS-S attached to the 8.1 m Gemini South telescope reveal the spectral features associated with stellar ages and the underlying IMFs. We constrain the ages of the YMCs using the absorption lines and strong emission bands from Wolf–Rayet stars. The internal reddening is also estimated from the strength of the Na i D absorption lines. Based on these constraints, the observed spectra are matched with the synthetic spectra generated from a simple stellar population model. Several parameters of the clusters including age, reddening, cluster mass, and the underlying IMF are derived from the spectral matching. The ages of the YMCs range from 2.5 to 6.5 Myr, and these clusters contain stellar masses ranging from 1.6 × 105
M
☉ to 7.9 × 107
M
☉. The underlying IMFs appear to differ from the universal form of the Salpeter/Kroupa IMF. Interestingly, massive clusters tend to have the bottom-heavy IMFs, although the masses of some clusters are overestimated due to the crowding effect. Based on this, our results suggest that the universal form of the IMF is not always valid when analyzing integrated light from unresolved stellar systems. However, further study with a larger sample size is required to reach a definite conclusion.
Universal Nonthermal Power-law Distribution Functions from the Self-consistent Evolution of Collisionless Electrostatic Plasmas
Authors: Banik Uddipan , Bhattacharjee Amitava , Sengupta Wrick
Published: December 2024

Collisionless systems often exhibit nonthermal power-law tails in their distribution functions. Interestingly, collisionless plasmas in various physical scenarios (e.g., the ion population of the solar wind) feature a v
−5 tail in their velocity (v) distribution, whose origin has been a long-standing puzzle. We show this power-law tail to be a natural outcome of the collisionless relaxation of driven electrostatic plasmas. Using a quasi-linear analysis of the perturbed Vlasov–Poisson equations, we show that the coarse-grained mean distribution function (DF), f
0, follows a quasi-linear diffusion equation with a diffusion coefficient D(v) that depends on v through the plasma dielectric constant. If the plasma is isotropically forced on scales larger than the Debye length with a white-noise-like electric field, D(v) ∼ v
4 for σ < v < ω
P/k, with σ the thermal velocity, ω
P the plasma frequency, and k the characteristic wavenumber of the perturbation; the corresponding quasi-steady-state f
0 develops a v
−(d + 2) tail in d dimensions (v
−5 tail in 3D), while the energy (E) distribution develops an E
−2 tail independent of dimensionality. Any redness of the noise only alters the scaling in the high v end. Nonresonant particles moving slower than the phase velocity of the plasma waves (ω
P/k) experience a Debye-screened electric field, and significantly less (power-law suppressed) acceleration than the near-resonant particles. Thus, a Maxwellian DF develops a power-law tail, while its core (v < σ) eventually also heats up but over a much longer timescale. We definitively show that self-consistency (ignored in test-particle treatments) is crucial for the emergence of the universal v
−5 tail.
ALMA Observations of the Gamma-Ray Binary System PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 during the 2024 Periastron Passage
Authors: Fujita Yutaka , Kawachi Akiko , Okazaki Atsuo T. , Nagai Hiroshi , Kawanaka Norita , Akahori Takuya
Published: December 2024

We present observations of the gamma-ray binary PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at Band 3 (97 GHz), Band 6 (233 GHz), and Band 7 (343 GHz). PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 consists of a pulsar in a highly eccentric orbit around a massive companion star, with the pulsar passing through the circumstellar disk near periastron. Our new data were obtained over several epochs, ranging from −61 to +29 days from the periastron passage in 2024. We report an increase in flux in all bands near the periastron. The significant change in Band 3 flux suggests synchrotron emission from the interaction between the pulsar wind and the stellar wind or disk. The Band 6 flux shows an increase around periastron and a transition from thermal emission from the circumstellar disk to synchrotron emission. The Band 7 observation +24 days after periastron shows a brightening, suggesting that the pulsar's passage through the disk does not result in its immediate destruction. We discuss the implications of these results for the interaction between the pulsar wind and the circumstellar disk, such as the possible disk expansion after periastron.
Acceleration of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays in the Kiloparsec-scale Jets of Nearby Radio Galaxies
Authors: Wang 王 Jie-Shuang 界双 , Reville Brian , Rieger Frank M. , Aharonian Felix A.
Published: December 2024

Radio galaxies have long been considered as potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Recent analyses of the UHECR spectrum, composition, and arrival directions indicate that the nearest radio galaxy, Centaurus A, could be linked to the reported dipole anisotropy, though the mechanism underlying the acceleration remains elusive. In this Letter, we explore UHECR acceleration in the kiloparsec-scale jets of radio galaxies, exemplified by Centaurus A. Using high-resolution relativistic magnetohydrodynamic and test-particle simulations without subgrid physics, we investigate the acceleration of the highest-energy particles in the turbulent sheath of a fast-moving jet. Our findings demonstrate that acceleration close to the maximum theoretical expectation is possible. When extrapolated to nearby radio galaxies, our results suggest that the kiloparsec-scale jets of Centaurus A could account for the dipole anisotropy in UHECRs, while more potent Fanaroff–Riley type II radio galaxies may account for the observed UHECR spectrum with a rigidity cutoff at a few Exavolts.
Structured peer review: implementation and checklist development
Authors: Mehmani Bahar , Malički Mario
Published: December 2024

To address the low overlap between reviewer comments and the publication recommendations they make, as well as to suggest guidance on what kind of peer review report would benefit journals and editors the most, we introduced structured peer review to Elsevier journals and analyzed its effect in our June 2024 paper: peerj.com/articles/17514/ . To further promote the implementation of the structured peer review process and help reviewers prepare thorough review reports, in this paper, we present our set of structured peer review questions in a checklist format.
Integrative taxonomic revision of the Nearctic Perilampus hyalinus species complex (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Perilampidae) resolves 100 years of confusion about the host associations of P. hyalinus Say
Authors: Yoo Jeong Jae , Darling D. Christopher
Published: December 2024

The enigmatic Nearctic parasitoid Perilampus hyalinus Say (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Perilampidae) has long been suspected as a species complex with a wide range of host associations and differing modes of parasitism. In this study we clarify the status of this species by combining morphological evidence, two genes (COI and ITS2) and host information and recognize ten species in the P. hyalinus species complex in the Nearctic region. Eight new species are described: Perilampus arcus Yoo & Darling, sp. nov., P. crassus Yoo & Darling, sp. nov., P. neodiprioni Yoo & Darling, sp. nov., P. monocteni Yoo & Darling, sp. nov., P. pilosus Yoo & Darling, sp. nov., P. seneca Yoo & Darling, sp. nov., P. sonora Yoo & Darling, sp. nov., and P. ute Yoo & Darling, sp. nov. A reared specimen with a COI sequence is designated as the Neotype of P. hyalinus Say establishing this species as either a hyperparasitoid that parasitizes dipteran parasitoids of Orthoptera or a parasitoid of dipteran kleptoparasites of Crabronidae and Sphecidae that provision their nests with Orthoptera. Perilampus sirsiris (Argaman) and four of the new species are hyperparastioids, parasitizing hymenopteran and dipteran parasitoids of Lepidoptera. Perilampus neodiprioni and P. monocteni can develop as both primary parasitoids of Diprionidae (Hymenoptera) and as hyperparasitoids, parasitizing dipteran and hymenopteran parasitoids of diprionid sawflies. Perilampus neodiprioni is strictly associated with Neodiprion sawflies, and P. monocteni is associated with Monoctenus sawflies.
Latent Dirichlet State Predictive Clustering Model for Disease Risk Prediction in Electronic Health Records
Authors: Yavanamandha Prasanthi , D. S. Rao
Published: December 2024

Electronic health records (EHRs) are a valuable source of data that helps to understand patients’ health conditions and generate healthcare decisions. However, modeling the longitudinal and temporal dependencies of EHRs is challenging in disease risk prediction (DRP). To overcome this problem, this study proposed a latent Dirichlet state predictive clustering (LDSPC) using medical notes for DRP in healthcare. This process includes three modules, such as posterior, prior, and likelihood. The posterior module utilized an attentive encoder for extracting data from unstructured medical notes. Additionally, the clustering approach is integrated into the similarity module to learn the patient’s useful representation of the latent Dirichlet state. These states are clustered into numerous cluster centers, and a weighted average is applied for risk prediction. Moreover, the MIMIC-III and N2C2-2014 datasets contain unstructured medical notes that are preprocessed by non-English characters and stop word removal processes. The LDSPC achieves better accuracy of 0.9864 and 0.9694 for MIMIC-III and N2C2-2014 datasets, correspondingly which is better when compared to knowledge-enhanced multimodal learning for disease diagnosis generation (EHR-KnowGen).
Predictive Model for Physical Performance in Athletics: Correlation between Anthropometric Data and Cardiorespiratory Capacity in Students from a Private School
Authors: Cornejo Vega Jairo Samir , Ortiz Gomez Genesis Andrea , Sánchez Puche Everardo , Ovalle Christian
Published: December 2024

In the current educational context, physical education and student sports development face challenges marked by continuous technological evolution. This study proposes a predictive model supported by machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), establishing a connection between cardiorespiratory capacity (VO2max) and student anthropometric data. With a sample of 179 students aged 13 to 18, the model-building process included preparing and partitioning a dataset, training, and evaluation under the CRISP-DM methodology. A multiple linear regression model was applied, incorporating weight, age, height, sex, and body mass index (BMI) to analyze their relationship with the dependent variable (VO2max). Performance metrics revealed a significant correlation between anthropometric measurements and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), with a 24% improvement in training, although test accuracy was -0.8%. Including additional variables, such as sex and age, they have improved the predictive equations. However, the ability of the model to predict VO2max was limited, suggesting the complexity of the relationship between these factors. In a comprehensive evaluation, five linear regression models achieved a correlation accuracy of 22% with the complete data set.
Panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie
Authors: Gonçalves Iria
Published: December 2024

Os europeus da Idade Média sempre valorizaram o pão dentro do seu sistema alimentar, sobretudo à medida que a carne, outro alimento altamente valorizado, se ia tornando mais escassa. Mas, por tradição mais que milenar, na Europa e no Mediterrâneo, o pão era o alimento por excelência, o único que os fiéis pediam a Deus nas suas orações por ser aquele cuja falta era sinónimo da fome. O cereal cultivava-se por toda a parte, sem que isso impedisse as épocas de escassez e de carestia, tanto no campo, como nas cidades. Se estas últimas tinham outros meios para responder a essas crises e estes fenómenos foram aí mais estudados, mal se conhece o modo como os homens dos campos reagiam a tais adversidades. A partir de um livro com a contabilidade do mosteiro de Alcobaça dos anos de 1437-1440, analisa-se a resposta do mundo rural à crise cerealífera de 1438-1440. Mais clara no que respeita ao mosteiro, já que as reacções dos camponeses são mais difíceis de sondar, por estarem filtradas pelo olhar do senhorio. Em 1439, a redução em dois terços das receitas de cereal da abadia foi compensada pelo cultivo do milho-alvo, um cereal de primavera que podia substituir o trigo e a cevada. Mas a crise teve outros efeitos, como a espiral dos preços do cereal, o aumento das taxas de extração de farinha e a diminuição da qualidade do pão de cada dia, ou o recurso a alimentos de substituição. Dos monges aos camponeses, todos sentiram as consequências desta crise, embora em escalas e em modos muito diferentes.
Le rôle des primogènits aragonais dans la conquête du Regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae (1323-1421)
Authors: Cauwelaert Vannina Marchi van
Published: December 2024

Entre 1323 et 1421, le “fet de Sardenya” et la conquête de la Corse furent l’un des principaux problèmes auquel les rois d’Aragon furent confrontés. Au cœur d’une longue guerre contre la Commune de Gênes, la domination des îles fut en effet l’un des enjeux de la diplomatie aragonaise. La difficile conquête du Regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae impliqua aussi bien les rois d’Aragon que leurs princes héritiers, de sorte que son étude offre un bel éclairage sur l’éventail des relations, allant de la soumission au conflit ouvert, entre les rois et leurs primogènits, au sein de la Couronne d’Aragon.
In the name of the father?
Authors: Faria Diogo
Published: December 2024

Prince João assumed some protagonism in the life of the kingdom of Portugal from 1471 onwards, when he was part of the army that conquered Arzila (North Africa), and successively increased his preponderance in governance until the end of the life of his father, King Afonso V. This article describes, analyses and seeks to interpret João's “escalation” in the political leadership of the kingdom with a focus on his participation in diplomatic activities. The preponderance he achieved during the war with Castile (1475- 1479) and the establishment of peace (1479-1480) stands out. This was a period in which he often acted autonomously and led political lines different from those defended by his father.
Like Father, like Son?
Authors: Dekkiche Malika
Published: December 2024

Against the assumption that premodern diplomacy was mostly taking place among equals, this article aims to investigate several cases of parallel diplomacy during the 15th century between the Timurids, the Qara Qoyunlu and the Mamluk sultanate in Cairo. While during the previous period official rulers were indeed dominating the diplomatic stage, it seems that in the fifteenth century, members of their family (sons and even grandson) also took part in the game. The paper aims to present those cases and highlight the importance of diplomatic letter collection for the study of intra-Muslim contacts beyond the sultans.
Catherine de Médicis avant Catherine de Médicis
Authors: Nevejans Pierre
Published: December 2024

Quelle est la place diplomatique de Catherine de Médicis avant de devenir reine, puis reine mère? Alors qu’elle n’est que princesse héritière et que la branche des Médicis dont elle est issue n’est plus au pouvoir à Florence, comment pense-t-elle sa place au sein de la société des princes? Cet article étudie la diplomatie florentine de la dauphine, de 1533 à 1547, afin d’en comprendre les objectifs, mais aussi et surtout les outils et les fondements juridiques. Il s’agit de montrer que la diplomatie des héritiers, dans ce cas précis, s’ancre dans des réalités aux marges du droit international, fondées sur l’usage des domestiques de la maison delphinale, afin de permettre à la dauphine, et, par extension, son mari, futur Henri II, d’asseoir leur existence au sein de la société des princes européens et de se forger une place à la cour de France. Fondé sur la reconstitution de la correspondance de Catherine de Médicis avec son cousin, Côme Ier de Médicis, duc de Florence (1537-1574), cette étude traverse les méandres de la diplomatie de la fin du Moyen Âge, à travers fonds privés, registres de chancellerie et correspondances diplomatiques, dans la lignée d’une historiographie récente qui voit en la diplomatie une “activité politique flexible” (Isabella Lazzarini).
Strategies for Portuguese Canned Sardines in the U.S. Market between the Great Wars
Authors: Moreira Maria Cristina , Cordeiro José Manuel Lopes , Cerdeira Jorge
Published: December 2024

Since the late 19th century and for decades, the canned fish industry has played an important role in the Portuguese economy. The following paper focuses on the expansion possibilities of the Portuguese canned sardine industry in the U.S.A. in the 1930s. A report on the situation regarding Portuguese canned sardines, which resulted from a survey carried out in the U.S. by Francisco José Guerra, a highly qualified technician from the Portuguese Institute of Canned Fish, highlights their quality and low price, and how the growth in demand was limited due to insufficient advertising within the U.S.A.