bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: New Calix[4]arene‐Cored Peripherally Functionalized Dendrimers: Synthesis and Conformational Characteristics.
Authors: Paraskevopoulos Georgios , Alivertis Dimitrios , Theodorou Vassiliki , Skobridis Konstantinos
Published: July 2015

First time, new calixarene‐based dendrimers, containing calix[4]arene as the core and different generations of Frechet‐type poly(benzyl ether) dendrons as building blocks, which possess either Br‐atoms or COOtBu groups at their surface, are synthesized and presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Catalysis: Enantioselective Propargylic Alkylation of Propargylic Alcohols with Enecarbamates Using Ruthenium/Phosphoramide Hybrid Catalysts.
Authors: Senda Yasushi , Nakajima Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: July 2015

In the title reaction a thiolate‐bridged diruthenium complex, bearing an optically active phosphoramide moiety, plays a crucial role in achieving high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Protocol to Synthesize N‐(β‐Nitro)amides by Tandem Henry/Ritter Reaction.
Authors: Ai Wensi , Shi Ronghua , Zhu Liyan , Jiang Dehong , Ma Xiaobo , Yuan Jilan , Wang Zhouyu
Published: July 2015

The title compounds are efficiently obtained in one‐pot under mild reaction conditions from easily available aldehydes, nitroalkanes, and nitriles by combining the Henry reaction with the Ritter reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Remote Steric Effects of C2‐Symmetric Planar‐Chiral Terpyridine Ligands on Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyclopropanation Reactions.
Authors: Mugishima Nanako , Kanomata Nobuhiro , Akutsu Norihiko , Kubota Hironobu
Published: July 2015

Sterically demanding substituents at the ligand are found to enhance the enantioselectivity of the cyclopropanation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Route to Highly Strained Cyclobutenes: Indium‐Catalyzed Reactions of Enynals with Alkynes.
Authors: Liang Renxiao , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhu Shifa
Published: July 2015

The title compounds are obtained by a formal indium‐catalyzed [2+2] cycloaddition between electron‐deficient enynals and various alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Arenes Bearing Acyclic Secondary Alkyl Groups by Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Couplings.
Authors: Li Chengxi , Chen Tianyu , Li Bowen , Xiao Guolan , Tang Wenjun
Published: July 2015

A variety of di‐ortho‐substituted aryl bromides and some analogues is treated with acyclic secondary alkyl boronic acids in the presence of the efficient ligands (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Indium(III)‐Catalyzed Knoevenagel Condensation of Aldehydes and Activated Methylenes Using Acetic Anhydride as a Promoter.
Authors: Ogiwara Yohei , Takahashi Keita , Kitazawa Takefumi , Sakai Norio
Published: July 2015

The reaction proceeds via an intermediary diacetate.
ChemInform Abstract: NCN Pincer Palladium Complexes Based on 1,3‐Dipicolyl‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidin‐2‐ylidenes: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activities.
Authors: Yang Liangru , Zhang Xinchi , Mao Pu , Xiao Yongmei , Bian Huanyu , Yuan Jinwei , Mai Wenpeng , Qu Lingbo
Published: July 2015

Two newly synthesized pincer palladium complexes are shown to be efficient catalysts for the Heck reaction of aryl bromides with acrylates or styrene.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Cu‐Catalyzed Henry Reaction Promoted by Chiral Camphor‐Derived β‐Amino Alcohols with a Thiophene Moiety.
Authors: Xu Feng , Yan Lei , Lei Chao , Zhao Hao , Li Gaoqiang
Published: July 2015

Starting from aromatic, hetaromatic or aliphatic aldehydes the title reaction is performed delivering the products with moderate to high yields and high enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Approach to Chiral Allyloxyamines by Stereospecific Allylation of Nitrosoarenes with Chiral Allylboronates.
Authors: Li Yuanming , Chakrabarty Shyamal , Studer Armido
Published: July 2015

The title reaction is investigated for a broad spectrum of substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Chlorides with Ammonia or Ammonium Salts.
Authors: Green Rebecca A. , Hartwig John F.
Published: July 2015

Single component Ni(0) precatalysts (I) are found to be optimal in the amination process of various (het)aryl chlorides with ammonia or ammonium sulfate as well as amine hydrochlorides (VII)/(XIV).
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Stabilized Nitrilium Ions as Convenient Imine Synthons.
Authors: van Dijk Tom , Bakker Martijn S. , Holtrop Flip , Nieger Martin , Slootweg J. Chris , Lammertsma Koop
Published: July 2015

The simple method represents an efficient strategy for the synthesis of a wide range of substituted imines.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Decarboxylative Mannich Reaction for the Synthesis of β‐Trifluoromethyl‐β‐Amino Ketones.
Authors: Qian Ping , Dai Yanling , Mei Haibo , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi
Published: July 2015

The reaction tolerates a broad scope of alkyl and aryl substituted β‐keto acid substrates and proceeds with excellent yields and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: A Polystyrene‐Supported 9‐Amino(9‐deoxy)epi Quinine Derivative for Continuous Flow Asymmetric Michael Reactions.
Authors: Izquierdo Javier , Ayats Carles , Henseler Andrea H. , Pericas Miquel A.
Published: July 2015

A polystyrene‐supported quinine derivative is successful applied as a catalyst for the Michael addition of ethyl nitroacetate (II) to enones (I) under batch conditions leading to a diastereomeric mixture of esters (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese‐Catalyzed Synthesis of cis‐β‐Amino Acid Esters Through Organometallic C—H Activation of Ketimines.
Authors: Liu Weiping , Zell Daniel , John Michael , Ackermann Lutz
Published: July 2015

The organometallic C—H functionalization reactions of ketimines set the stage for the expedient synthesis of cis‐β‐amino acid esters through site‐ and regioselective alkene annulations.
ChemInform Abstract: The Promoted Tishchenko Reaction and Catalytic Intermediate by 2‐Aminopyrrolyl Dilithium Compounds.
Authors: Guo Zhiqiang , Wei Xuehong , Tong Hongbo , Chao Jianbin , Liu Diansheng
Published: July 2015

The dimerization of various aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic esters is achieved using dilithium compounds containing bidentate di‐anionic pyrrolyl ligands as initiator.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted Arenes via Aerobic Oxidative [3 + 3] Benzannulation Reactions of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Joshi Prabhakar Ramchandra , Undeela Sridhar , Reddy Doni Dhanoj , Singarapu Kiran Kumar , Menon Rajeev S.
Published: July 2015

According to the title reaction, 4‐sulfonylcrotonates or 1,3‐bissulfonylpropene are transformed with α,β‐unsaturated aryl aldehydes, citronellal, or ketones to form highly substituted 3‐sulfonyl benzoic ester derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: I2‐Mediated Sulfonylation and Na2SO3‐Mediated Deacylation: A General Protocol for the Synthesis of β‐Keto Sulfones and β‐Dicarbonyl Sulfones.
Authors: Gao Wen‐Chao , Zhao Jin‐Jin , Hu Fei , Chang Hong‐Hong , Li Xing , Wei Wen‐Long
Published: July 2015

An acid and transition‐metal free method to give β‐dicarbonyl sulfones and β‐keto sulfones in a one‐pot synthesis is introduced.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of Dypnones to 1,3,5‐Triarylbenzenes
Authors: Deng Kai , Huai Qi‐Yong , Shen Zhi‐Lun , Li Hui‐Jing , Liu Chen , Wu Yan‐Chao
Published: July 2015

under metal‐ and solvent‐free conditions
ChemInform Abstract: Towards an Asymmetric Organocatalytic α‐Cyanation of β‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Chowdhury Raghunath , Schoergenhumer Johannes , Novacek Johanna , Waser Mario
Published: July 2015

The α‐cyanation products are obtained in good yields with an enantiomeric excess up to 52% in the presence of cinchonidine as organocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: An Orthogonal C—H Borylation — Cross‐Coupling Strategy for the Preparation of Tetrasubstituted “A2B2”‐Chrysene Derivatives with Tuneable Photophysical Properties.
Authors: Heard K. W. J. , Morrison J. J. , Weston L. , Lo C. H. , Pirvu L. , Raftery J. , Little M. S. , McDouall J. J. W. , Yeates S. G. , Quayle P.
Published: July 2015

The title compounds are synthesized starting from 4,10‐dichlorochrysene (I) by C—H borylation followed by substitution of firstly 2,8‐positions affording derivatives (V) and secondly 4,10‐positions (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Construction of Spirooxindoles by Arylative Cyclization of 3‐(γ,δ‐Disubstituted)allylidene‐2‐Oxindoles.
Authors: Kim Ko Hoon , Moon Hye Ran , Lee Junseong , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: July 2015

The title reaction follows an oxidative Heck arylation, allylic palladium migration, aryl C—H bond functionalization/arylation sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Investigation of Novel Spiro‐isoxazolines as Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Das Prasanta , Omollo Ann O. , Sitole Lungile J. , McClendon Eric , Valente Edward J. , Raucher Drazen , Walker Leslie R. , Hamme Ashton T. II
Published: July 2015

Several spiro‐isoxazolines are prepared via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition followed by intramolecular cyclization of either alcohol or carboxylic acid precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Spiropyrrolidines via Five‐Component 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides and Olefinic Dipolarophiles Generated in situ Simultaneously.
Authors: Liu Fang‐Hui , Song Yu‐Bao , Zhai Li‐Juan , Li Ming
Published: July 2015

The introduced method allows 1,3‐dipole azomethine ylides and olefinic dipolarophiles to be simultaneously generated in situ, which makes this novel annulation strategy both practical and attractive with the advantages of direct use of commercially available and inexpensive reagents, simple experimental and work‐up procedures, and mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Dibutyltin Oxide Mediated Diastereoselective Cyclodehydration/Sulfonylation of 1,2,4‐Triols.
Authors: Gamedze Makhosazana P. , Nkambule Comfort M.
Published: July 2015

Cyclodehydration of syn‐triols (I) and (XII) give 3‐hydroxytetrahydrofurans whereas the anti‐isomers (III) and (XIV) favor monosulfonation under similar conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Successively Recycle Waste as Catalyst: A One‐Pot Wittig/1,4‐Reduction/Paal—Knorr Sequence for Modular Synthesis of Substituted Furans.
Authors: Chen Long , Du Yi , Zeng Xing‐Ping , Shi Tao‐Da , Zhou Feng , Zhou Jian
Published: July 2015

Di‐ and trisubstituted furans are synthesized from easily available substrates by a new one‐pot tandem Wittig/conjugate reduction/Paal—Knorr reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Orthogonal Selectivity with Cinnamic Acids in 3‐Substituted Benzofuran Synthesis Through C—H Olefination of Phenols.
Authors: Agasti Soumitra , Sharma Upendra , Naveen Togati , Maiti Debabrata
Published: July 2015

3‐Substituted benzofurans are selectively obtained from readily available phenols and cinnamic acids by a sequence of C—C bond formation and decarboxylation followed by C—O cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Bromosubstituted Pyrroles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Cyclization of Bromoalkynes with N‐Allylamines.
Authors: Zheng Jia , Huang Liangbin , Li Zun , Wu Wanqing , Li Jianxiao , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: July 2015

The retained bromine atom in 3‐bromopyrrole products provides a facile functionalization of pyrroles at the 3‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Mild and Selective C—H Allylation of Indolines and Indoles with 4‐Vinyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐one: Facile Access to Indolic Scaffolds with an Allylic Alcohol Moiety.
Authors: Sharma Satyasheel , Shin Youngmi , Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Park Jihye , Han Sangil , Jeong Taejoo , Oh Yongguk , Lee Youngil , Choi Miji , Kim In Su
Published: July 2015

The efficient and scalable allylation of indolines is performed using an N‐butylcarbamoyl directing group providing the products as an inseparable mixture of E/Z isomers with the (Z)‐isomer being the major product.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Rapid Protocol for the Synthesis of Diversely Functionalized Bisindolylmethanes.
Authors: Swetha A. , Babu B. Madhu , Meshram H. M.
Published: July 2015

Three‐component condensation reaction of indoles with aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic aldehydes using boron trifluoride etherate yields bisindolylmethanes rapidly.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Assorted Indolyl‐3‐amides and Esters from a Single, Stable Carbonyl Nitrile Intermediate.
Authors: Veale Clinton G. L. , Edkins Adrienne L. , de la Mare Jo‐Anne , de Kock Carmen , Smith Peter J. , Khanye Setshaba D.
Published: July 2015

Indolyl‐3‐carbonyl nitriles are easily converted into amides and esters without the need for anhydrous reaction conditions or any catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Direct C2‐syn‐Alkenylation of Indoles with Alkynes.
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wei Jun , Fu Shaomin , Lin Dongen , Jiang Huanfeng , Zeng Wei
Published: July 2015

The efficient approach tolerates a variety of substituted indoles equipped with an N‐benzylamide directing group which is cleaved off during the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrroloindolines and Furoindolines via Cascade Dearomatization of Indole Derivatives with Carbenium Ion.
Authors: Liu Chuan , Yin Qin , Dai Li‐Xin , You Shu‐Li
Published: July 2015

The presented approach gives products that can undergo diverse transformations including the total synthesis of esermethol and physovenine in a highly concise manner.
ChemInform Abstract: I2—TBHP‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of N‐Sulfonyl Hydrazones and Isocyanides to 5‐Aminopyrazoles.
Authors: Senadi Gopal Chandru , Hu Wan‐Ping , Lu Ting‐Yi , Garkhedkar Amol Milind , Vandavasi Jaya Kishore , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: July 2015

An environmentally benign oxidative cross‐coupling of a variety of N‐sulfonylhydrazones with isocyanides through conjugate (C—C bond) and zwitterionic (C—N bond) bond formation is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrazole Containing α‐Amino Acids via a Highly Regioselective Condensation/Aza—Michael Reaction of β‐Aryl α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Gilfillan Lynne , Artschwager Raik , Harkiss Alexander H. , Liskamp Rob M. J. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: July 2015

Using the regioselective transformation of L‐aspartic acid derived β‐aryl α,β‐unsaturated ketones (I) with phenyl hydrazine as a key step, a synthesis of pyrazole‐containing α‐amino acids (II) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnI2‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective [4 + 2] Cycloadditions of β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Ketothioesters with Olefins.
Authors: Mal Kanchan , Das Supriya , Maiti Nakul C. , Natarajan Ramalingam , Das Indrajit
Published: July 2015

Hydropyrans are prepared from ketothioesters and olefins by a highly cis‐selective Diels—Alder cycloaddition using ZnI2 as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Aminoacetoxylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Hydrogen Peroxide as Oxidant.
Authors: Zhu Haitao , Chen Pinhong , Liu Guosheng
Published: July 2015

A wide range of 3‐acetoxylated piperidines are obtained in good yield with good to excellent regio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal N‐Acylation Reaction of Azaaromatics with Acylzirconocene Chloride Complexes and 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoro‐2‐propanol.
Authors: Saito Akio , Uematsu Yuki , Sudo Kohei , Hanzawa Yuji
Published: July 2015

This procedure can be used as an alternative method to the Reissert‐type reduction of azaaromatics.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Condensed Tetrahydroisoquinoline Class of Alkaloids by Employing TfOH‐Mediated Imide Carbonyl Activation.
Authors: Selvakumar Jayaraman , Rao Ramana Sreenivasa , Srinivasapriyan Vijayan , Marutheeswaran Srinivasan , Ramanathan Chinnasamy Ramaraj
Published: July 2015

Racemic erythrinarbine (IVb) and further tricyclic lactams (II) and (IV) are readily prepared via a TfOH‐mediated cyclization reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydride‐Induced Anionic Cyclization: An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 6‐H‐Phenanthridines via a Transition‐Metal‐Free Process.
Authors: Chen Wei‐Lin , Chen Chun‐Yuan , Chen Yan‐Fu , Hsieh Jen‐Chieh
Published: July 2015

A novel method for a hydride‐induced anionic ring‐closure is used to synthesize phenanthridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid State Synthesis, Characterization, Optical Properties and Cooperative Catalytic Performance of Bismuth Vanadate Nanocatalyst for Biginelli Reactions.
Authors: Khademinia Shahin , Behzad Mahdi , Jahromi Hamideh Samari
Published: July 2015

The new nanocatalyst shows excellent catalytic efficiency in the Biginelli reaction under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 1,2‐Naphthoquinones Possessing Tetrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine Scaffolds as Potent Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Wu Liqiang
Published: July 2015

The solvent free one‐pot reaction of 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (I), 5‐aminotetrazole (II), and various aldehydes (III) gives the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization on Novel Fluorescent Sensors for Pd2+/Pd0 with High Selectivity.
Authors: Zi You , Meng Hua , Chu Xue‐Qiang , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: July 2015

3 Imidazopyrazines of type (III) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Diboration Involving “Reductive Addition” of a Boron—Boron σ‐Bond to 4,4′‐Bipyridine.
Authors: Ohmura Toshimichi , Morimasa Yohei , Suginome Michinori
Published: July 2015

Starting from 4,4′‐bipyridines conditions for a scalable reductive two‐fold addition of bis(pinacolato)diboron are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Regioselective Hydrosilylation of Allenes Using a [(3IP)Pd(allyl)]OTf Catalyst; First Example of Allene Hydrosilylation with Phenyl‐ and Diphenylsilane.
Authors: Tafazolian Hosein , Schmidt Joseph A. R.
Published: July 2015

In every case only a single isomer is formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Enantiodivergent and Regiospecific phospha‐Michael Addition of Diphenylphosphine to 4‐Oxo‐Enamides: Efficient Access to Chiral Phosphinocarboxamides and Their Analogues.
Authors: Chew Renta Jonathan , Li Xi‐Rui , Li Yongxin , Pullarkat Sumod A. , Leung Pak‐Hing
Published: July 2015

The first catalytic asymmetric phospha‐Michael addition of diphenylphosphine to 4‐oxo‐enamide using a palladacycle catalyst is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Thioglycosylation: Synthesis of 2,3‐Unsaturated‐S‐glycosides.
Authors: Battina Suresh Kumar , Reddy Thurpu Raghavender , Radha Krishna Palakodety , Kashyap Sudhir
Published: July 2015

Various thiols react smoothly with glycals to give the corresponding S‐linked glycosides regio‐ and stereoselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Legionaminic Acid as Basis for Serological Studies.
Authors: Matthies Stefan , Stallforth Pierre , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: July 2015

A glycan microarray containing synthetic glycoside (I) reveals that human antibodies bind to (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)‐Dragmacidin D Reveals Unexpected Stereocomplexity.
Authors: Zhang Fengying , Wang Bin , Prasad Pritesh , Capon Robert J. , Jia Yanxing
Published: July 2015

The first asymmetric total synthesis of (+)‐dragmacidin D (I) revises an earlier configurational assignment based on biosynthetic considerations and assigns an R‐configuration to (+)‐I.
ChemInform Abstract: Chojalactones A—C, Cytotoxic Butanolides Isolated from Streptomyces sp. Cultivated with Mycolic Acid Containing Bacterium
Authors: Hoshino Shotaro , Wakimoto Toshiyuki , Onaka Hiroyasu , Abe Ikuro
Published: July 2015

isolation, structure including absolute configuration and cytotoxicity of three new butanolide chojalactones A—C with unusual γ‐butyrolactone scaffolds
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Neurotrophic Phenylbutenoids from Indonesian Ginger Bangle, Zingiber purpureum.
Authors: Kubo Miwa , Gima Minori , Baba Kohei , Nakai Megumi , Harada Kenichi , Suenaga Midori , Matsunaga Yoichi , Kato Eishin , Hosoda Shinya , Fukuyama Yoshiyasu
Published: July 2015

Two new curcuminoids (I), and a new phenylbutenoid dimer (II) are isolated from Bangle (Zingiber purpureum).
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Step Pressure‐Induced Superhydration in Small Pore Natrolite with Divalent Extra‐Framework Cations.
Authors: Seoung Donghoon , Lee Yongmoon , Kao Chi‐Chang , Vogt Thomas , Lee Yongjae
Published: July 2015

K‐natrolite is prepared by combining a 4 M KNO3 solution with the natural mineral Na16Al16Si24O80 ·16H2O in a 100:1 weight ratio for 24 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Very Low Temperature Wet‐Chemistry Colloidal Routes for Mono‐ and Polymetallic Nanosized Crystalline Inorganic Compounds
Authors: Dolcet Paolo , Diodati Stefano , Casarin Maurizio , Gross Silvia
Published: July 2015

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Structural and Electronic Properties of Epitaxial Graphene on 3C‐SiC(100)/Si(100) Substrates
Authors: Gogneau Noelle , Trabelsi Amira Ben Gouider , Silly Mathieu G. , Ridene Mohamed , Portail Marc , Michon Adrien , Oueslati Mehrezi , Belkhou Rachid , Sirotti Fausto , Ouerghi Abdelkarim
Published: July 2015

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Defect‐Engineered Metal—Organic Frameworks
Authors: Fang Zhenlan , Bueken Bart , De Vos Dirk E. , Fischer Roland A.
Published: July 2015

Review: overview of defects in coordination network compounds (CNCs) (including their classification and characterizations) and applications of defective CNCs/MOFs; 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Heavier Group 14 Base‐Stabilized Heterovinylidenes
Authors: Leung Wing‐Por , Chan Yuk‐Chi , So Cheuk‐Wai
Published: July 2015

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Niobium and Tantalum Alkyne Complexes
Authors: Parker Kyle D. J. , Fryzuk Michael D.
Published: July 2015

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Core Chemistry and Skeletal Rearrangements of Porphyrinoids and Metalloporphyrinoids
Authors: Szyszko Bartosz , Latos‐Grazynski Lechoslaw
Published: July 2015

Review: 185 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Difunctionalizations via Visible Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Cao Min‐Yi , Ren Xiang , Lu Zhan
Published: July 2015

Review: [47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Active H‐Phosphinates and Their Stereospecific Transformations into Optically Active P‐Stereogenic Organophosphoryl Compounds
Authors: Chen Tieqiao , Han Li‐Biao
Published: July 2015

Review: [33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated and Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Alkenes Through the Modified Julia Olefination: An Update
Authors: Pfund Emmanuel , Lequeux Thierry , Gueyrard David
Published: July 2015

Review: [36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Hydrovinylation of Two Terminal Alkenes
Authors: Hilt Gerhard
Published: July 2015

Review: 5 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biologically Active Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Arulmurugan Subramaniyan , Kavitha Helen P. , Sathishkumar Samiyappan , Arulmozhi Rajaram
Published: July 2015

Review: literature data on the synthesis and biological activities of benzimidazoles dring the past few years 2000‐2013; 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Reactions and Biological Activity of Derivatives of Oximes of Three‐Membered Heterocycles
Authors: Abele Edgars
Published: July 2015

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Curcumin Analogues
Authors: Bukhsri Syed Nasir Abbas , Bin Jantan Ibrshim , Jassmai Malins , Ahmad Waqas , Bin Amjad Muhammad Wahab
Published: July 2015

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Transition Metal‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Functionalization of Ferrocene Derivatives
Authors: Lopez Luis A. , Lopez Enol
Published: July 2015

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of Aryltriazenes in Organic Synthesis via C—N/N—N Bond Cleavage
Authors: Zhang Yonghong , Cao Dawei , Liu Wenbo , Hu Haiyan , Zhang Xiaomei , Liu Chenjiang
Published: July 2015

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Mediated Rapid Cross‐Couplings Using [11C]Methyl Iodide: Ground Breaking Labeling Methods in 11C Radiochemistry
Authors: Doi Hisashi
Published: July 2015

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Synthesis of Chiral 2‐Hydroxy Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Chen Xi , Wu Qiaqing , Zhu Dunming
Published: July 2015

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Rearrangement of Polyamines in the Presence of Different Metal Ions
Authors: Satapathi Smita
Published: July 2015

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrimidine and Pyrimidinethione
Authors: Elkanzi N. A. A.
Published: July 2015

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Naphthopyranones — Isolation, Bioactivity, Biosynthesis and Synthesis
Authors: Donner Christopher D.
Published: July 2015

Review: 190 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimalarial Activities of Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Ugwu David I. , Ezema Benjamin E. , Eze Florence U. , Onoabedje Efeturi A. , Ezema Chidimma G. , Ekoh Ogechi C. , Ayogu Jude I.
Published: July 2015

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biophysical, Biopharmaceutical and Toxicological Significance of Biomedical Nanoparticles
Authors: Aula Sangeetha , Lakkireddy Samyuktha , Jamil Kaiser , Kapley Atya , Swamy A. V. N. , Lakkireddy Harivardhan Reddy
Published: July 2015

Review: 234 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: “Pruning of Biomolecules and Natural Products (PBNP)”: An Innovative Paradigm in Drug Discovery
Authors: Bathula Surendar Reddy , Akondi Srirama Murthy , Mainkar Prathama S. , Chandrasekhar Srivari
Published: July 2015

Review: [127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Biodistribution of 1‐((2‐Methoxyphenyl) piperazine)ferrocenecarboxamide Labeled with Technetium‐99m as a Potential Brain Receptor Imaging Agent
Authors: Saied Nadia Malek , Mejri Najoua , El Aissi Radhia , Benoist Eric , Saidi Mouldi
Published: July 2015

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Benzofuran Derivatives: An Insight on Lead Developments, Radioligands and Advances of the last Decade
Authors: Radadiya Ashish , Shah Anamik
Published: July 2015

Review: 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Synthesis of Polyoxygenated Dibenzofurans Possessing Biological Activity
Authors: Love Brian E.
Published: July 2015

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Interfacial Reactions in Ceramic Membrane Reactors for Syngas Production
Authors: Yu A. S. , Vohs J. M. , Gorte R. J.
Published: July 2015

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review of Hydrogen Production from the Steam‐Iron Process by Chemical‐Looping Combustion
Authors: Wang Longfei , Wang Shuzhong , Luo Ming
Published: July 2015

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Organic Chemistry for Application to Organic Electronics
Authors: Ko Sangwon , Han Gyeongyeop , Lee Jungkyu K.
Published: July 2015

Review: [56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anti‐Bacterial Surfaces: Natural Agents, Mechanisms of Action, and Plasma Surface Modification
Authors: Bazaka K. , Jacob M. V. , Chrzanowski W. , Ostrikov K.
Published: July 2015

Review: 201 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Dendrimer Paradox — High Medical Expectations but Poor Clinical Translation
Authors: Svenson Sonke
Published: July 2015

Review: 135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Supramolecular Capsules Derived from Resorcin[4]arenes, Calix[n]arenes and Metallo‐Ligands: From Biology to Catalysis
Authors: Gangemi Chiara M. A. , Pappalardo Andrea , Trusso Sfrazzetto Giuseppe
Published: July 2015

Review: 159 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Solid‐Catalytic and Non‐Catalytic Technologies for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Islam Aminul , Taufiq‐Yap Yun Hin , Chan Eng‐Seng , Moniruzzaman M. , Islam Saiful , Nabi Md. Nurun
Published: July 2015

Review: 207 refs.
No‐Regret‐Lösungen – Modulare Produktionskonzepte für komplexe, unsichere Zeiten
Authors: Mothes Helmut
Published: July 2015

Zunehmender Wettbewerb, kürzere Produktzyklen, vielfältigere Produktpaletten und häufigere Technologieinnovationen machen Produktionssysteme immer komplexer und Prognosen zu Produktnachfrage, Rohstoffsituation und Technologieveränderungen während des Produktlebenszyklus zu einer Mission Impossible. Zukünftige Produktionssysteme müssen daher durch eine konsequente Modularisierungsstrategie als flexible No‐Regret‐Lösungen ausgelegt werden, die die Gewinnmaximierung durch eine Risikominimierung ergänzen. Additive Manufacturing und Industrie 4.0‐Konzepte werden die Wirtschaftlichkeit modularer Systeme in der chemisch‐pharmazeutischen Industrie deutlich verbessern.
Distinction in the immunoreactivities of two calcium‐binding proteins and neuronal birthdates in the first and higher‐order somatosensory thalamic nuclei of mice: Evolutionary implications
Authors: Zhang Jiang‐Yan , Lin Yu‐Tao , Gao Yuan‐Yuan , Chao‐Xi  , Zhang Xue‐Bo , Zhang Xin‐Wen , Zeng Shao‐Ju
Published: July 2015

Comparative embryonic studies are the most effective way to discern phylogenetic changes. To gain insight into the constitution and evolution of mammalian somatosensory thalamic nuclei, we first studied how calbindin (CB) and parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactivities appear during embryonic development in the first‐order relaying somatosensory nuclei, i.e., the ventral posteromedial (VPM) and posterolateral (VPL) nuclei, and their neighboring higher‐order modulatory regions, including the ventromedial or ventrolateral nucleus, posterior, and the reticular nucleus. The results indicated that cell bodies that were immunoreactive for CB were found earlier (embryonic day 12 [E12]) in the dorsal thalamus than were cells positive for PV (E14), and the adult somatosensory thalamus was characterized by complementary CB and PV distributions with PV dominance in the first‐order relaying nuclei and CB dominance in the higher‐order regions. We then labeled proliferating cells with [3H]‐thymidine from E11 to 19 and found that the onset of neurogenesis began later (E12) in the first‐order relaying nuclei than in the higher‐order regions (E11). Using double‐labeling with [3H]‐thymidine autoradiography and CB or PV immunohistochemistry, we found that CB neurons were born earlier (E11–12) than PV neurons (E12–13) in the studied areas. Thus, similar to auditory nuclei, the first and the higher‐order somatosensory nuclei exhibited significant distinctions in CB/PV immunohistochemistry and birthdates during embryonic development. These data, combined with the results of a cladistic analysis of the thalamic somatosensory nuclei, are discussed from an evolutionary perspective of sensory nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2738–2751, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patient specific modeling of palpation‐based prostate cancer diagnosis: effects of pelvic cavity anatomy and intrabladder pressure
Authors: Palacio‐Torralba Javier , Jiménez Aguilar Elizabeth , Good Daniel W. , Hammer Steven , McNeill S. Alan , Stewart Grant D. , Reuben Robert L. , Chen Yuhang
Published: July 2015

Computational modeling has become a successful tool for scientific advances including understanding the behavior of biological and biomedical systems as well as improving clinical practice. In most cases, only general models are used without taking into account patient‐specific features. However, patient specificity has proven to be crucial in guiding clinical practice because of disastrous consequences that can arise should the model be inaccurate. This paper proposes a framework for the computational modeling applied to the example of the male pelvic cavity for the purpose of prostate cancer diagnostics using palpation. The effects of patient specific structural features on palpation response are studied in three selected patients with very different pathophysiological conditions whose pelvic cavities are reconstructed from MRI scans. In particular, the role of intrabladder pressure in the outcome of digital rectal examination is investigated with the objective of providing guidelines to practitioners to enhance the effectiveness of diagnosis. Furthermore, the presence of the pelvic bone in the model is assessed to determine the pathophysiological conditions in which it has to be modeled. The conclusions and suggestions of this work have potential use not only in clinical practice and also for biomechanical modeling where structural patient‐specificity needs to be considered. © 2015 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Intercalation of Nickel(II) and Iron(II) Metallosupramolecular Polyelectrolytes in Montmorillonite: Nanocomposites and their Electrorheological Properties
Authors: Geist Matthias F. , Peyratout Claire S. , Kurth Dirk G.
Published: July 2015

Nanocomposites obtained from the montmorillonite clay (Na0.36(Al1.64Mg0.36)Si4O10(OH)2⋅n H2O) and metallosupramolecular polyelectrolytes (MEPE) with iron(II) and nickel(II) are prepared by an aqueous intercalation reaction. Intercalation of MEPE in the interlayer structure of montmorillonite (MMT) is confirmed by different analytical techniques including powder X‐ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. We note a difference in the intercalation behavior between NiII and FeII. The intercalation of Fe‐MEPE is hindered by traces of Fe2O3 in MMT. Removal of the impurities with sodium dithionite and citrate buffer makes Fe‐MEPE‐MMT available. Electrorheological measurements reveal for both nanocomposites a distinctive ER effect. The effect depends on the intercalated coordination polymer. Dielectric spectroscopy shows a different polarization for Fe‐MEPE‐MMT and Ni‐MEPE‐MMT.
The investigation of the structure of bulk metallic glasses before and after laser welding
Authors: Pilarczyk Wirginia
Published: July 2015

Fe‐based bulk metallic glasses present an interesting combination of physical, chemical and mechanical properties. During the last decade, intensive progress has been made and a number of applications have been suggested for these BMGs alloys. In order to successfully and universally use these materials, it is necessary to increase the small dimension of the elements. The main aim of this work is the examination of the structure of bulk metallic glasses and their laser welds. The studies were performed on Fe‐Co‐B‐Si‐Nb system alloy in form of plate. The samples were successfully produced by die pressure casting method and welded by the use of the TruLaser Station 5004. In this work microscopic observation and X‐ray diffraction analysis were carried out. The tests results show that the initial amorphous and amorphous‐crystalline structures of Fe‐based bulk metallic glasses have an influence on the crystallization process in the laser welds.
Reduction of Charge and Discharge Polarization by Cobalt Nanoparticles‐Embedded Carbon Nanofibers for Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Kim Yun‐Jung , Lee Hongkyung , Lee Dong Jin , Park Jung‐Ki , Kim Hee‐Tak
Published: July 2015

The problem of high charge polarization is one of the most significant challenges in current nonaqueous Li–O2 batteries. The development of an electrode for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at reduced overpotential is thus essential. Here, we suggest a binder‐free electrode based on Co nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanofibers (Co–CNFs), which simultaneously reduces the charge and discharge polarization and extends cycling stability. Co–CNF gives rise to a lower discharge polarization because of an enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activity compared to Co‐free CNF. Although the embedment of Co does not enhance the OER activity, it significantly reduces charge overvoltage by forming easily decomposable amorphous Li2O2. A mechanism for the formation of amorphous Li2O2 is suggested in terms of charge localization induced by the Co NPs. The findings suggest a new electrode design strategy of combining inexpensive metals and carbon materials for modulating the phase of the discharge product.
EphA7 regulates spiral ganglion innervation of cochlear hair cells
Authors: Kim Young J. , Ibrahim Leena A. , Wang Sheng‐Zhi , Yuan Wei , Evgrafov Oleg V. , Knowles James A. , Wang Kai , Tao Huizhong W. , Zhang Li I.
Published: July 2015

During the development of periphery auditory circuitry, spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) form a spatially precise pattern of innervation of cochlear hair cells (HCs), which is an essential structural foundation for central auditory processing. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental formation of this precise innervation pattern remain not well understood. Here, we specifically examined the involvement of Eph family members in cochlear development. By performing RNA‐sequencing for different types of cochlear cell, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry, we found that EphA7 was strongly expressed in a large subset of SGNs. In EphA7 deletion mice, there was a reduction in the number of inner radial bundles originating from SGNs and projecting to HCs as well as in the number of ribbon synapses on inner hair cells (IHCs), as compared with wild‐type or heterozygous mutant mice, attributable to fewer type I afferent fibers. The overall activity of the auditory nerve in EphA7 deletion mice was also reduced, although there was no significant change in the hearing intensity threshold. In vitro analysis further suggested that the reduced innervation of HCs by SGNs could be attributed to a role of EphA7 in regulating outgrowth of SGN neurites as knocking down EphA7 in SGNs resulted in diminished SGN fibers. In addition, suppressing the activity of ERK1/2, a potential downstream target of EphA7 signaling, either with specific inhibitors in cultured explants or by knocking out Prkg1, also resulted in reduced SGN fibers. Together, our results suggest that EphA7 plays an important role in the developmental formation of cochlear innervation pattern through controlling SGN fiber ontogeny. Such regulation may contribute to the salience level of auditory signals presented to the central auditory system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 452–469, 2016
Zebrafish TARP Cacng2 is required for the expression and normal development of AMPA receptors at excitatory synapses
Authors: Roy Birbickram , Ahmed Kazi T. , Cunningham Marcus E. , Ferdous Jannatul , Mukherjee Rajarshi , Zheng Wang , Chen Xing‐Zhen , Ali Declan W.
Published: July 2015

Fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS is mediated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, binding to and activating AMPA receptors (AMPARs). AMPARs are known to interact with auxiliary proteins that modulate their behavior. One such family of proteins is the transmembrane AMPA receptor‐related proteins, known as TARPs. Little is known about the role of TARPs during development, or about their function in non‐mammalian organisms. Here we report the presence of TARPs, specifically the prototypical TARP, stargazin, in developing zebrafish. We find that zebrafish express two forms of stargazin, Cacng2a and Cacng2b from as early as 12‐h post fertilization (hpf). Knockdown of Cacng2a and Cacng2b via splice‐blocking morpholinos resulted in embryos that exhibited deficits in C‐start escape responses, showing reduced C‐bend angles, smaller tail velocities and aberrant C‐bend turning directions. Injection of the morphants with Cacng2a or 2b mRNA rescued the morphological phenotype and the synaptic deficits. To investigate the effect of reduced Cacng2a and 2b levels on synaptic physiology, we performed whole cell patch clamp recordings of AMPA mEPSCs from zebrafish Mauthner cells. Knockdown of Cacng2a results in reduced AMPA currents and lower mEPSC frequencies, whereas knockdown of Cacng2b displayed no significant change in mEPSC amplitude or frequency. Non‐stationary fluctuation analysis confirmed a reduction in the number of active synaptic receptors in the Cacng2a but not in the Cacng2b morphants. Together, these results suggest that Cacng2a is required for normal trafficking and function of synaptic AMPARs, while Cacng2b is largely non‐functional with respect to the development of AMPA synaptic transmission. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 487–506, 2016
Linking stream ecology with morphological variability in a native freshwater fish from semi‐arid Australia
Authors: Lostrom Samantha , Evans Jonathan P. , Grierson Pauline F. , Collin Shaun P. , Davies Peter M. , Kelley Jennifer L.
Published: July 2015

Environmental variation is a potent force affecting phenotypic expression. While freshwater fishes have provided a compelling example of the link between the environment and phenotypic diversity, few studies have been conducted with arid‐zone fishes, particularly those that occur in geographically isolated regions where species typically inhabit intermittent and ephemeral creeks. We investigated morphological variation of a freshwater fish (the western rainbowfish,Melanotaenia australis) inhabiting creeks in the Pilbara region of northwest Australia to determine whether body shape variation correlated with local environmental characteristics, including water velocity, habitat complexity, predator presence, and food availability. We expected that the geographic isolation of creeks within this arid region would result in habitat‐specific morphological specializations. We used landmark‐based geometric morphometrics to quantify the level of morphological variability in fish captured from 14 locations within three distinct subcatchments of a major river system. Western rainbowfish exhibited a range of morphologies, with variation in body depth accounting for a significant proportion (>42%) of the total variance in shape. Sexual dimorphism was also apparent, with males displaying deeper bodies than females. While the measured local habitat characteristics explained little of the observed morphological variation, fish displayed significant morphological differentiation at the level of the subcatchment. Local adaptation may partly explain the geographic patterns of body shape variation, but fine‐scale genetic studies are required to disentangle the effects of genetic differentiation from environmentally determined phenotypic plasticity in body shape. Developing a better understanding of environment–phenotype relationships in species from arid regions will provide important insights into ecological and evolutionary processes in these unique and understudied habitats.
High Sensitivity InAs DQW Linear Hybrid Hall ICs with InAs Deep Quantum Well Hall Elements
Authors: SHIBASAKI ICHIRO , KURIYAMA KENJI , MAKINO TAKASHI , HUKASAWA NAOYA , SUZUKI KENJI
Published: July 2015

By electrically connecting and placing an InAs deep quantum well (DQW) Hall element as a magnetic sensor chip and an Si IC linear amplifier in a small plastic package, a very small InAs DQW linear hybrid Hall IC (InAs DQW LHHIC) with a high magnetic field sensitivity has been developed. The output voltage of the hybrid Hall IC showed a very small temperature coefficient of 0.02%/°C and the response time was very low, less than 3 μs. By using this InAs DQW LHHIC, practical current sensors with high sensitivity, high accuracy, and temperature stability have been developed.
A Noise‐Free Adaptive Transversal Notch Filter Using the SSCF Algorithm with Decorrelation Parameter
Authors: KOBAYASHI MASAKI , NAGASAKA YASUNORI , ITOH YOSHIO
Published: July 2015

Adaptive notch filters composed of an adaptive transversal filter have the limitation of bias error resulting from the broadband signal included in the input signal. In this paper, we propose an adaptive notch filter with a smaller bias error using a new adaptive algorithm based on the square sum of the correlation function with decorrelation parameter (SSCF‐DP). The cost function of the SSCF‐DP algorithm is the square sum of the cross‐correlation coefficient of the input and output error signal with the decorrelation parameter. The analytical results and the features described above are verified by computer simulation.
Construction and Evaluation of Digital Material Distribution Systems in Foreign Language Teaching
Authors: ONO YUICHI , ISHIHARA MANABU , YAMASHIRO MITSUO
Published: July 2015

This paper is concerned with an evaluation of participants' use of two multimedia distribution systems: PC‐based podcasting and mobile‐based distribution. We carried out two experiments: (i) evaluation of user's impressions when using these distribution systems and (ii) the relationship between download time and resulting frustration felt by users. The results of student questionnaires revealed that there is a statistical significance between these two systems and that mobile‐based podcasting was observed to have more salient factors concerning operability, such as “easy to operate” and “friendliness,” regardless of the difficulty of the content. Moreover, comparative study of the download time between the two systems showed that users did not feel less comfortable when downloading materials to mobile devices, even though mobiles took longer times to download materials than did a PC. These results lead us to the interesting idea that mobile devices have great potential to change the learning environment because they will play an important role in the so‐called “blended instruction” classroom environment when used in a traditional classroom setting in the near future.
Study of Prefrontal Blood Flow in Dementia Patients Using Near‐Infrared
Authors: TAKAHASHI SHINGO , KODAMA NAOKI , KOSUGI NAOKO , TAKEUCHI HIROSHI
Published: July 2015

The category frequency task has become one of the most important tools for measuring brain function. In this investigation, we used near‐infrared spectroscopy to examine the prefrontal blood flow in the brain, using a category fluency task function test to determine if this method can be used to diagnose dementia in the early stages. We examined 21 healthy volunteer students (age 21.0±1.4; 11 males and 10 females) and 50 patients with dementia (age 83.3±6.7; 12 males and 38 females; mini mental status: 0–22). The category fluency task required the subjects to produce nouns belonging to the category of vegetables. Our results showed that the healthy volunteer students had an increase in the blood flow while performing this task. On the other hand, the dementia patients did not show any relevant increase in blood flow while performing this task. The results suggest that the combination of the category fluency task and near‐infrared spectroscopy could be used as one more tool for the diagnosis of dementia.
Up‐regulation of micro‐RNA765 in human failing hearts is associated with post‐transcriptional regulation of protein phosphatase inhibitor‐1 and depressed contractility
Authors: Cai Wen‐Feng , Liu Guan‐Sheng , Lam Chi Keung , Florea Stela , Qian Jiang , Zhao Wen , Pritchard Tracy , Haghighi Kobra , Lebeche Djamel , Lu Long Jason , Deng Jingyuan , Fan Guo‐Chang , Hajjar Roger J. , Kranias Evangelia G.
Published: July 2015

Aims

Impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ cycling and depressed contractility, a hallmark of human and experimental heart failure, has been partially attributed to increased protein phosphatase 1 (PP‐1) activity, associated with down‐regulation of its endogenous inhibitor‐1. The levels and activity of inhibitor‐1 are reduced in failing hearts, contributing to dephosphorylation and inactivation of key calcium cycling proteins. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms that mediate decreases in inhibitor‐1 by post‐transcriptional modification.

Methods and Results

Bioinformatics revealed that 17 human microRNAs may serve as modulators of inhibitor‐1. However, real‐time PCR analysis identified only one of these microRNAs, miR‐765, as being increased in human failing hearts concomitant with decreased inhibitor‐1 levels. Expression of miR‐765 in HEK293 cells or mouse ventricular myocytes confirmed suppression of inhibitor‐1 levels through binding of this miR‐765 to the 3'‐untranslated region of inhibitor‐1 mRNA. To determine the functional significance of miR‐765 in Ca2+ cycling, pri‐miR‐765 as well as a non‐translated nucleotide sequence (miR‐Ctrl) were expressed in adult mouse ventricular myocytes. The inhibitor‐1 expression levels were decreased, accompanied by enhanced PP‐1 activity in the miR‐765 cardiomyocytes, and these reflected depressed contractile mechanics and Ca2+ transients, compared with the miR‐Ctrl group. The depressive effects were associated with decreases in the phosphorylation of phospholamban and SR Ca2+ load. These miR‐765 negative inotropic effects were abrogated in inhibitor‐1‐deficient cardiomyocytes, suggesting its apparent specificity for inhibitor‐1.

Conclusions

miR‐765 levels are increased in human failing hearts. Such increases may contribute to depressed cardiac function through reduced inhibitor‐1 expression and enhanced PP‐1 activity, associated with reduced SR Ca2+ load.