bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Biogas Production from Sewage Sludge: Impact of Combination with Bovine Dung and Leachate from Municipal Organic Waste
Authors: Nikiema Mahamadi , Barsan Narcis , Maiga Ynoussa , Somda Marius K. , Mosnegutu Emilian , Ouattara Cheik A. T. , Dianou Dayeri , Traore Alfred S. , Nedeff Valentin , Ouattara Aboubakar S.
Published: April 2022

Biogas is a bioenergy produced from organic or all types of biological degradable wastes and could make it possible to limit energy dependence. Sludge is the best alternative substrate for biogas production at a community-level biogas plant. The literature shows that co-digestion can increase the efficiency of sludge anaerobic digestion. This research, thus, focused on (i) determining the conditions of optimal biogas production in the co-digestion of primary sludge (PS) and bovine dung (BD), (ii) evaluating the impact of leachate from organic waste and cellulose on biogas production. Primary sludge was collected in Bacau town wastewater treatment plant in Romania. The sampling of municipal solid waste was carried out in Ouagadougou pre-collect centers (Burkina Faso). Batch tests were conducted in glass bottles through anaerobic digestion (1 L). The following parameters were monitored during the digestion process: pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), volatile solids (VS) and biogas production. Primary sludge, bovine dung and leachate showed 50.51%, 72.41% and 70.48% of volatile solids content, respectively. Sludge showed good stability, unlike the other two substrates, such as bovine dung and leachate, with VFA to alkalinity ratio 0.54. Leachate from organic waste had high values of VFA to alkalinity ratio > 3600. Co-digestion could make it possible to raise the levels of organic matter and improve microbial growth and the stability of anaerobic biomass. The best biogas production yield of 152.43 mL/g VS was obtained with a combination of 30% bovine dung and 70% primary sludge at 45 °C, with a 21.57% reduction in organic matter. An improvement in biogas productivity was effective with the addition of leachate, which could be used as an additive element during anaerobic digestion.
Influence of Integrated Project Delivery Principles on Project Performance in China: An SEM-Based Approach
Authors: Mei Tingting , Guo Zeng , Li Peng , Fang Kaixian , Zhong Shuda
Published: April 2022

Although integrated project delivery (IPD) is still in its infancy in the construction industry worldwide, some principles can be effective without formal contractual languages and enforcements when IPD is employed as a philosophy as opposed to a delivery method. This paper aims to investigate the effect of IPD principles on project performance in China, providing a reference for improvement of project performance by the application of IPD principles in countries or regions where IPD is considered as a philosophy. A total of 205 data samples were collected from different IPD-related participants in China via a questionnaire survey. Eight hypotheses are proposed based on a literature review, and these are verified using a structural equation model (SEM). According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis, IPD principles, including behavioral principles, contractual principles, collaboration-related principles, and catalysts, are classified, and the internal relationship of various IPD principles is explored using SEM to analyze the impact path between IPD principles and project performance. It was discovered that project performance is directly affected by collaboration-related principles and catalysts. The contractual principles have positive impacts on both behavioral principles and collaboration-related principles, while the catalysts show positive impacts on behavioral principles. This work provides insights and managerial implications for local applications of IPD for construction practitioners, which should be considered by promoting regional IPD practices; it contributes to both theoretical and practical perspectives for improving project performance by the effective implementation of IPD in construction projects.
Research on the Satisfaction Degree Characteristics of Residential Public Resources under Lockdowns for Pandemic Prevention and Control: A Case Study in the Changchun
Authors: Liu Ze , Wang Ruonan , Liu Ziteng
Published: April 2022

In order to improve the ability of residential disaster prevention, control, and governance, it is important to objectively measure how nearby residents’ needs match the public resources of the residential area, and to understand the factors affecting the satisfaction of residents’ needs at the time of lockdowns. Taking Changchun City as an example, this paper used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)-logit and Importance–Satisfaction (I–S) evaluation methods to discuss the impact mechanism and improvement strategies of residential public resource elements on the satisfaction of residents’ needs during the lockdown period. The results showed the influencing factors and the degree of importance of the satisfaction of residents’ needs under different types of settlements have obvious differentiation characteristics. The level of resource management can better affect the overall evaluation of residents in newly built settlements, and the quality of the conditions of the space environment is more important for the old residential communities. The satisfaction of residents in settlements has a more significant impact. Finally, the study explained the renovation proposals and their priority levels that meet the needs of residents to provide beneficial support for the resilience of urban settlements.
Valorization of ‘Rossa di Tropea’ Onion Waste through Green Recovery Techniques of Antioxidant Compounds
Authors: Imeneo Valeria , De Bruno Alessandra , Piscopo Amalia , Romeo Rosa , Poiana Marco
Published: April 2022

The aim of this work was to maximize the recovery of the bioactive components from an important solid waste derivate from Tropea onion processing. To achieve this, three different extractive procedures (conventional for maceration, ultrasound, and microwave-assisted) were employed, using only food-grade extraction solvents such as water and ethanol:water (50:50). Solvent, temperature, microwave power, time, and their interaction were studied as the principal factors that might affect the extractability rates. The obtained data suggest that the hydroalcoholic mixture proved to be the best for each of the techniques developed and at each time and temperature considered. In particular, the best results were achieved by conventional extraction for 60 min at 40 °C (total flavonoids content: 25.64 ± 1.40 mg QE g−1 d.w.; total anthocyanins content: 0.78 ± 0.01 mg C-3-GLUC g−1 d.w.). The UHPLC analysis of the optimally obtained extract revealed that the principal phytochemicals recovered were quercetin (5322.61 ± 0.32 mg kg−1) and quercetin 3-4′-diglucoside (1023.80 ± 0.34 mg kg−1) after conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction, respectively. In this perspective, the implementation of sustainable, food-grade extraction processes to recover value-added substances from solid onion waste could play a crucial role both in reducing the waste load and in formulating natural food additives with functional properties, with a potential direct industrial impact.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Dynamics of Price Adjustment in the U.S. Beef Sector
Authors: Erol Erdal , Saghaian Sayed H.
Published: April 2022

This research investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dynamics of vertical price transmission in the U.S. beef industry using monthly farm, wholesale, and retail prices for the period 1970–2021. Contemporary time-series techniques and historical decomposition graphs were used to test for possible asymmetries and structural breaks in the price transmission across the beef supply chain. The results show that the impact of COVID-19 has been uneven across the beef marketing channel, with consumers and farmers sharing the burden of the shock. Historical decomposition graphs demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic caused consumers paying higher prices, but farmers receiving lower prices than their predicted values. Hence, both consumers and farmers in the U.S. beef supply chain were adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the results detected asymmetric price adjustments along the U.S. beef supply chain, both in speeds and magnitudes, with the wholesale prices being more flexible, adjusting quicker than farm and retail prices. The results indicated that the U.S. beef markets were resilient enough to absorb the shock and return to their pre-shock patterns in 4 to 6 months. These results have welfare and policy implications for the U.S. beef industry.
Multilinear Regression Model for Biogas Production Prediction from Dry Anaerobic Digestion of OFMSW
Authors: Rossi Elena , Pecorini Isabella , Iannelli Renato
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to develop a multiple linear regression (MLR) model to predict the specific methane production (SMP) from dry anaerobic digestion (AD) of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). A data set from an experimental test on a pilot-scale plug-flow reactor (PFR) including 332 observations was used to build the model. Pearson′s correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) examined the relationships between variables. Six parameters, namely total volatile solid (TVSin), organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), C/N ratio, lignin content and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), had a significant correlation with SMP. Based on these outcomes, a simple and three multiple linear regression models (MLRs) were developed and validated. The simple linear regression model did not properly describe the data (R2 = 0.3). In turn, the MLR including all factors showed the optimal fitting ability (R2 = 0.91). Finally, the MLR including four uncorrelated explanatory variables of feedstock characteristics and operating parameters (e.g., TVSin, OLR, C/N ratio, and lignin content), resulted in the best compromise in terms of number of explanatory variables, model fitting and predictive ability (R2 = 0.87).
Potential of Canna indica in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands for Heavy Metals and Nitrogen Removal from Algiers Refinery Wastewater
Authors: Ghezali Katia , Bentahar Nourredine , Barsan Narcis , Nedeff Valentin , Moșneguțu Emilian
Published: April 2022

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are important plant filters used for wastewater treatment. The behavior of the Canna indica-planted CWs in the face of a highly variable composition of industrial wastewater has yet to be understood. Here, we show the effectiveness of Canna indica-planted and unplanted vertical subsurface flow CWs for the treatment of Algiers petroleum refinery’s effluent. The selected species was placed in the CWs containing light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) and sand as a substrate. The findings indicate that the planted constructed wetlands efficiently removed 85% of total suspended solids (TSS), 96.38% of total nitrogen (TN), 96.15% of nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), 99.15% of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and 99.87% of nitrite nitrogen (NO2−-N). The overall mean removal efficiencies for heavy metals in the vegetated CWs were considerably greater than those of the control. Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Al, Ni, and Cd were calculated in the roots, rhizomes, leaves, and stems of the plant; then, the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) were determined. An initial examination using scanning electron microscopy (SEM–EDX) was also included in the study. The analysis indicated that toxic elements were adsorbed on plant tissues, concentrated in the roots, and partially transported to the aerial parts. These results are useful for the design of CWs to treat industrial wastewater, enabling water of acceptable quality to be discharged into the environment, especially as a low maintenance and cost-effective technology in developing countries.
A Novel Multi-Factor Three-Step Feature Selection and Deep Learning Framework for Regional GDP Prediction: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Qingwen , Yan Guangxi , Yu Chengming
Published: April 2022

Gross domestic product (GDP) is an important index reflecting the economic development of a region. Accurate GDP prediction of developing regions can provide technical support for sustainable urban development and economic policy formulation. In this paper, a novel multi-factor three-step feature selection and deep learning framework are proposed for regional GDP prediction. The core modeling process is mainly composed of the following three steps: In Step I, the feature crossing algorithm is used to deeply excavate hidden feature information of original datasets and fully extract key information. In Step II, BorutaRF and Q-learning algorithms analyze the deep correlation between extracted features and targets from two different perspectives and determine the features with the highest quality. In Step III, selected features are used as the input of TCN (Temporal convolutional network) to build a GDP prediction model and obtain final prediction results. Based on the experimental analysis of three datasets, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The proposed three-stage feature selection method effectively improves the prediction accuracy of TCN by more than 10%. (2) The proposed GDP prediction framework proposed in the paper has achieved better forecasting performance than 14 benchmark models. In addition, the MAPE values of the models are lower than 5% in all cases.
Improving Entrepreneurs’ Digital Skills and Firms’ Digital Competencies through Business Apps Training: A Study of Small Firms
Authors: Drydakis Nick
Published: April 2022

The lack of awareness of digital services and outcomes is a concern in business environments since small firms need to improve their digital competencies. The present exploratory study investigated whether business apps training was associated with entrepreneurs’ and firms’ digital advancements. The business apps training was offered to migrant entrepreneurs running small firms in Athens (Greece) over three months, with data collected before and after the training. The analysis revealed that business apps training was positively associated with entrepreneurs’ attitudes toward technology, willingness to change (relating to technology/skills/operations), and internet/digital skills, as well as an increased use of business apps. Moreover, the training was positively associated with firms’ digital competencies related to communication, networking, social media, customer relationship management, payments, accounting and finance, and project management operations. Furthermore, business apps training was positively associated with migrant entrepreneurs’ integration into Greek society. Given the increased number of migrants in Europe, factors that positively impact their entrepreneurship and integration merit consideration. The study provides researchers with a systematic method for evaluating the association between business app training and entrepreneurs’ and firms’ digital advancements.
Tracking Control of Physical Systems with Application to a System with a DC Motor: A Bond Graph Approach
Authors: Padilla Garcia Aaron , Gonzalez-Avalos Gilberto , Ayala-Jaimes Gerardo , Barrera Gallegos Noe , Mendez-B. Juancarlos , Alvarado-Zamora David
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the bond graph modeling for the control of tracking systems has been applied. The closed loop system is built by the bond graph model of the system to be controlled, an additional bond graph according to the tracking input signal, and feedback gains in the physical domain. Hence, a procedure to obtain the closed loop tracking system is proposed. The proposal of modeling and tracking control systems in this paper determines symmetries in the bond graph approach with respect to the traditional algebraic approach. The great advantage of this graphical approach is that the mathematical determination of the system model is not necessary. Moreover, the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial using unidirectional causal loops of the closed loop system modeled in bond graphs are obtained. A case of study of a DC motor connected to an electrical supply network and a mechanical load is considered. Tracking control for the step, ramp, and acceleration type input signals in a bond graph approach are applied. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed procedure, the simulation results are shown.
The Convergence Results of Differential Variational Inequality Problems
Authors: Chang Shih-Sen , Salahuddin  , Wang Lin , Ma Zhaoli
Published: April 2022

In this work, we suggest a differential variational inequality in reflexive Banach spaces and construct a sequence with a set of constraints and a penalty parameter. We use the penalty method to prove a unique solution to the problem and make suitable assumptions to prove the convergence of the sequence. The proof is based on arguments for compactness, symmetry, pseudomonotonicity, Mosco convergence, inverse strong monotonicity and Lipschitz continuity. Finally, we discuss the boundary value problem for the differential variational inequality problem as an application.
Carlitz’s Equations on Generalized Fibonacci Numbers
Authors: Wang Min , Yang Peng , Yang Yining
Published: April 2022

Carlitz solved some Diophantine equations on Fibonacci or Lucas numbers. We extend his results to the sequence of generalized Fibonacci and Lucas numbers. In this paper, we solve the Diophantine equations of the form An1⋯Ank=Bm1⋯BmrCt1⋯Cts, where (An), (Bm), and (Ct) are generalized Fibonacci or Lucas numbers. Especially, we also find all solutions of symmetric Diophantine equations Ua1Ua2⋯Uam=Ub1Ub2⋯Ubn, where 1<a1≤a2≤⋯≤am, and 1<b1≤b2≤⋯≤bn.
Systemic Emergencies in COVID-19 Patient: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Albanesi Marco , Cozzi Diletta , Cavigli Edoardo , Moroni Chiara , Frezzetti Gianluca , Bartolini Lina , Miele Vittorio
Published: April 2022

Since the first report of the outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, as of 1 September 2021, the World Health Organization has confirmed more than 239 million cases of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infectious disease named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with more than 4.5 million deaths. Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly involves the respiratory tract, it is considered to be a systemic disease. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of all manifestations of COVID-19 disease, as well as its related complications. The figure of the radiologist is fundamental in the management and treatment of the patient. The authors try to provide a systematic approach based on an imaging review of major multi-organ manifestations of this infection.
A Sea Anemone Lebrunia neglecta Venom Fraction Decreases Boar Sperm Cells Capacitation: Possible Involvement of HVA Calcium Channels
Authors: Lazcano-Pérez Fernando , Bermeo Karina , Castro Héctor , Salazar Campos Zayil , Arenas Isabel , Zavala-Moreno Ariana , Chávez-Villela Sheila Narayán , Jiménez Irma , Arreguín-Espinosa Roberto , Fierro Reyna , González-Márquez Humberto , Garcia David E. , Sánchez-Rodríguez Judith
Published: April 2022

Sea anemones produce venoms characterized by a complex mixture of low molecular weight compounds, proteins and peptides acting on voltage-gated ion channels. Mammal sperm cells, like neurons, are characterized by their ion channels. Calcium channels seem to be implicated in pivotal roles such as motility and capacitation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a low molecular weight fraction from the venom of the sea anemone Lebrunia neglecta on boar sperm cells and in HVA calcium channels from rat chromaffin cells. Spermatozoa viability seemed unaffected by the fraction whereas motility and sperm capacitation were notoriously impaired. The sea anemone fraction inhibited the HVA calcium current with partial recovery and no changes in chromaffin cells’ current kinetics and current–voltage relationship. These findings might be relevant to the pharmacological characterization of cnidarian venoms and toxins on voltage-gated calcium channels.
Assessment of Air Pollution Mitigation Measures on Secondary Pollutants PM10 and Ozone Using Chemical Transport Modelling over Megacity Delhi, India
Authors: Gupta Medhavi , Mohan Manju , Bhati Shweta
Published: April 2022

Sporadic efforts have been introduced to control emissions in Delhi, but the air quality has declined further due to the rapid development of different sectors. In this study, the impact of various mitigation scenarios on air quality for PM10, ozone, and its precursors are studied using a chemical transport model, namely WRF-Chem. The Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research emission inventory was modified and introduced into the WRF-Chem model to assess the impact of selected emission control scenarios on different sectors. The simulations were conducted with reduced emissions for these sectors over the study domain: (a) implementation of Bharat Stage—VI norms in the transport sector, (b) conversion of fuel from coal to natural gas in the energy sector, and (c) fuel shift to LPG in the residential sector. The transport sector noted a decrease of 4.9% in PM10, 44.1% in ozone, and 18.9% in NOx concentrations with emission reduction measures. In the energy sector, a marginal reduction of 3.9% in NOx concentrations was noted, and no change was observed in PM10 and ozone concentrations. In the residential sector, a decrease of 8% in PM-10, 47.7% in ozone, and 49.8% in NOx concentrations were noted. The VOC-to-NOx ratios were also studied, revealing the ozone production over the study domain was mostly VOC-limited. As the inclusion of control measures resulted in varying levels of reduction in pollutant concentrations, it was also studied in the context of improving the air quality index. The WRF-Chem model can be successfully implemented to study the effectiveness of any regulated control measures.
A Miniaturized Electrostatic Precipitator Respirator Effectively Removes Ambient SARS-CoV-2 Bioaerosols
Authors: Redmann Rachel K. , Beddingfield Brandon J. , Spencer Skye , Chirichella Nicole R. , Henley Julian L. , Hager Wes , Roy Chad J.
Published: April 2022

The inhalation of ambient SARS-CoV-2-containing bioaerosols leads to infection and pandemic airborne transmission in susceptible populations. Filter-based respirators effectively reduce exposure but complicate normal respiration through breathing zone pressure differentials; therefore, they are impractical for long-term use. Objectives: We tested the comparative effectiveness of a prototyped miniaturized electrostatic precipitator (mEP) on a filter-based respirator (N95) via the removal of viral bioaerosols from a simulated, inspired air stream. Methods: Each respirator was tested within a 16 L environmental chamber housed within a Class III biological safety cabinet within biosafety level 3 containment. SARS-CoV-2-containing bioaerosols were generated in the chamber, drawn by a vacuum through each respirator, and physical particle removal and viral genomic RNA were measured distal to the breathing zone of each device. Measurements and Main Results: The mEP respirator removed particles (96.5 ± 0.4%), approximating efficiencies of the N95 (96.9 ± 0.6%). The mEP respirator similarly decreased SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA (99.792%) when compared to N95 removal (99.942%), as a function of particle removal from the airstream distal to the breathing zone of each respirator. Conclusions: The mEP respirator approximated the performance of a filter-based N95 respirator for particle removal and viral RNA as a constituent of the SARS-CoV-2 bioaerosols generated for this evaluation. In practice, the mEP respirator could provide equivalent protection from ambient infectious bioaerosols as the N95 respirator without undue pressure drop to the wearer, thereby facilitating its long-term use in an unobstructed breathing configuration.
A Conserved Cysteine Residue in Coxsackievirus B3 Protein 3A with Implication for Elevated Virulence
Authors: Voss Martin , Pinkert Sandra , Kespohl Meike , Gimber Niclas , Klingel Karin , Schmoranzer Jan , Laue Michael , Gaida Matthias , Kloetzel Peter-Michael , Beling Antje
Published: April 2022

Enteroviruses (EV) are implicated in an extensive range of clinical manifestations, such as pancreatic failure, cardiovascular disease, hepatitis, and meningoencephalitis. We recently reported on the biochemical properties of the highly conserved cysteine residue at position 38 (C38) of enteroviral protein 3A and demonstrated a C38-mediated homodimerization of the Coxsackievirus B3 protein 3A (CVB3-3A) that resulted in its profound stabilization. Here, we show that residue C38 of protein 3A supports the replication of CVB3, a clinically relevant member of the enterovirus genus. The infection of HeLa cells with protein 3A cysteine 38 to alanine mutants (C38A) attenuates virus replication, resulting in comparably lower virus particle formation. Consistently, in a mouse infection model, the enhanced virus propagation of CVB3-3A wt in comparison to the CVB3-3A[C38A] mutant was confirmed and found to promote severe liver tissue damage. In contrast, infection with the CVB3-3A[C38A] mutant mitigated hepatic tissue injury and ameliorated the signs of systemic inflammatory responses, such as hypoglycemia and hypothermia. Based on these data and our previous report on the C38-mediated stabilization of the CVB3-3A protein, we conclude that the highly conserved amino acid C38 in protein 3A enhances the virulence of CVB3.
FV-100 for the Treatment of Varicella-Virus (VZV) Infections: Quo Vadis?
Authors: De Clercq Erik
Published: April 2022

The bicyclic nucleoside analogue (BCNA) Cf1743 and its orally bioavailable prodrug FV-100 have unique potential as varicella-zoster virus (VZV) inhibitors to treat herpes zoster (shingles) and the therewith associated pain, including post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). The anti-VZV activity of Cf1743 depends on a specific phosphorylation by the VZV-encoded thymidine kinase (TK). The target of antiviral action is assumed to be the viral DNA polymerase (or DNA synthesis in the virus-infected cells).
Factors Associated with Non-Severe Adverse Reactions after Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: A Cohort Study of 908,869 Outpatient Vaccinations in Germany
Authors: Loosen Sven H. , Bohlken Jens , Weber Kerstin , Konrad Marcel , Luedde Tom , Roderburg Christoph , Kostev Karel
Published: April 2022

Background: Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 significantly reduces the transmissibility of the virus and the likelihood of a severe course of COVID-19, and is thus a critical component in overcoming the current pandemic. The factors associated with adverse reactions after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 have not yet been sufficiently evaluated. Methods: We used the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA) to identify 531,468 individuals who received a total of 908,869 SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in 827 general practices in Germany between April and September 2021. Cox regression models were used to analyze the frequency of vaccination-related side effects reported within 14 days after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, as well as subjects’ demographic characteristics and comorbidities. Results: The total number of side effects documented was 28,287 (3.1% of all vaccinations). Pain in the limb (24.3%), fatigue (21.0%), dizziness (17.9%), joint pain (15.7%), fever (9.5%), nausea (7.5%), and myalgia (6.4%) were the most common side effects documented among the 12,575 vaccinations with definite side effects. In the multivariate regression analysis, young age was associated with much higher odds of reported side effects (OR18–30 years: 4.45, OR31–40 years: 3.50, OR41–50 years: 2.89). In addition, pre-existing comorbidities such as dementia (OR: 1.54), somatoform disorder (OR: 1.53), anxiety disorder (OR: 1.43), depression (OR: 1.37), chronic respiratory tract disease (OR: 1.27), hypertension (OR: 1.20), and obesity (1.14) significantly increased the odds of side effects. Finally, the male sex was associated with increased odds of reported side effects (OR: 1.17). Conclusion: Our study, based on a large outpatient database from Germany, identified young age, male sex, and pre-existing comorbidities such as dementia, somatoform disorders, anxiety disorders, and depression as factors associated with vaccine-related adverse events diagnosed in GP practices. These data could help to identify subgroups needing particular advice and care in the context of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.
Monitoring and Evaluation of National Vaccination Implementation: A Scoping Review of How Frameworks and Indicators Are Used in the Public Health Literature
Authors: Marzouk Manar , Omar Maryam , Sirison Kanchanok , Ananthakrishnan Aparna , Durrance-Bagale Anna , Pheerapanyawaranun Chatkamol , Porncharoen Charatpol , Pimsarn Nopphadol , Lam Sze Tung , Ung Mengieng , Mougammadou Aribou Zeenathnisa , Dabak Saudamini V. , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Howard Natasha
Published: April 2022

An effective Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework helps vaccination programme managers determine progress and effectiveness for agreed indicators against clear benchmarks and targets. We aimed to identify the literature on M&E frameworks and indicators used in national vaccination programmes and synthesise approaches and lessons to inform development of future frameworks. We conducted a scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s six-stage framework to identify and synthesise sources on monitoring or evaluation of national vaccination implementation that described a framework or indicators. The findings were summarised thematically. We included 43 eligible sources of 4291 screened. Most (95%) were in English and discussed high-income (51%) or middle-income (30%) settings, with 13 in Europe (30%), 10 in Asia-Pacific (23%), nine in Africa (21%), and eight in the Americas (19%), respectively, while three crossed regions. Only five (12%) specified the use of an M&E framework. Most (32/43; 74%) explicitly or implicitly included vaccine coverage indicators, followed by 12 including operational (28%), five including clinical (12%), and two including cost indicators (5%). The use of M&E frameworks was seldom explicit or clearly defined in our sources, with indicators rarely fully defined or benchmarked against targets. Sources focused on ways to improve vaccination programmes without explicitly considering ways to improve assessment. Literature on M&E framework and indicator use in national vaccination programmes is limited and focused on routine childhood vaccination. Therefore, documentation of more experiences and lessons is needed to better inform vaccination M&E beyond childhood.
Changing Perspectives on Pediatric Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination among Dental Students and Residents Reveals Recent Increase in Vaccine Hesitancy
Authors: Maginot Rebecca , Esteves Carolina , Kingsley Karl
Published: April 2022

This study was a retrospective analysis of previously collected anonymous survey data regarding vaccine awareness, beliefs, and knowledge among dental (DMD) students and postgraduate (PG) residents. The protocol for this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) as exempt. A total of 341 responses were collected from n = 293 DMD students and n = 48 PG residents. Although most respondents agreed that vaccines were necessary, safe, and effective, over the past 4 years (2017–2020) a growing percentage of respondents disagreed. In addition, although most respondents disagreed that there are too many required vaccines, vaccines can make you sick, or are dangerous, a growing percentage of respondents now agreed with these statements. Finally, although most respondents were aware of the HPV vaccine, recently a growing percentage of both students and residents reported they had insufficient information about this vaccine. These results provide novel insights into recent changes in attitudes and beliefs regarding vaccination among this population. Moreover, analysis of these shifts in attitudes and knowledge about HPV vaccination suggests that curricular integration of vaccine research and hesitancy may be needed to answer these questions in a supportive learning environment that fosters critical thinking and evidence-based practice and decision making.
The Fluctuation Trend of Serum Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG Antibodies Seroprevalence in the Non-COVID-19 Infected Population and Correlation with Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Parameters in Beijing, China, 2021: A Real-World Study
Authors: Wang Pan , Yang Nan , Xue Yuting , Zhou Jiansuo , Wu Yonghua , Wang Tiancheng , Cui Liyuan
Published: April 2022

Since 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has caused more than 300 million cases of disease and 5 million deaths. Vaccination has been widely accepted as the most effective measure for the prevention and control of this disease. However, there is little understanding about serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG levels after inactivated vaccination as well as the relationship with peripheral blood leukocytes in the non-COVID-19 infected population. A total of 16,335 male and 22,302 female participants were recruited in this study, which was conducted in the Peking University Third Hospital located in Beijing (China). The level and seroprevalence of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgM/IgG and the association with peripheral blood leukocytes classification were investigated. With an increase in the number and percentage of full immunization of COVID-19 vaccinations in Beijing, serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies levels and seroprevalence were significantly elevated (p < 0.01). The serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies of 60 years and older persons were significantly lower than that of individuals that are 18~60 years old (p < 0.01), and there was a positive relationship between serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies levels and peripheral blood lymphocyte count. The investigation of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies and the peripheral hematological index may prompt and help understand the adaptive immune response of vaccination.
Influence of Butorphanol, Buprenorphine and Levomethadone on Sedation Quality and Postoperative Analgesia in Horses Undergoing Cheek Tooth Extraction
Authors: Emanuel Daphna , Kästner Sabine B. R. , Delarocque Julien , Grob Anne J. , Bienert-Zeit Astrid
Published: April 2022

The aim of this prospective clinical trial was to compare the influence of butorphanol, buprenorphine and levomethadone on sedation quality and postoperative analgesia in horses undergoing cheek tooth extraction. Fifty horses were assigned to three groups prior to oral cheek tooth extraction. Horses were treated with acepromazine, followed by a detomidine bolus, one of the three opioids and both a nerve block and gingival anaesthesia. During the surgery, sedation was maintained with a detomidine constant rate infusion. After surgery, the quality of sedation, surgical conditions and severity of the extraction were assessed with a numerical rating scale. To evaluate differences in the quality of analgesia between the three treatments, postoperative pain was estimated with the Equine Utrecht University Scale for Facial Assessment of Pain. Additionally, several parameters that are associated with dental pain were added to this validated pain score, and blood samples were taken to measure serum cortisol. Our analysis showed lower pain scores and a greater analgesic effect with levomethadone and buprenorphine compared with butorphanol, with increased locomotor activity induced by buprenorphine. While cortisol values demonstrated higher response in horses treated with levomethadone and buprenorphine compared to butorphanol, these values could be biased by unrelated stressors.
Feasibility Study of Water Reclamation Projects in Industrial Parks Incorporating Environmental Benefits: A Case Study in Chonburi, Thailand
Authors: Intaraburt Weeraya , Sangsanont Jatuwat , Limpiyakorn Tawan , Ruangrassamee Piyatida , Suttinon Pongsak , Suwannasilp Benjaporn Boonchayaanant
Published: April 2022

Financial feasibility is usually a concern in water reclamation projects. Aside from internal benefits, water reclamation in industrial parks delivers health and environmental benefits not normally considered in cost–benefit analyses (CBA). This study investigated the influence of environmental benefits on the feasibility of water reclamation projects with flow rate scenarios in accordance with industrial parks in Chonburi, Thailand. CBAs of water reclamation plants for industrial water supply, consisting of ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO), with flow rates of 5200, 10,000, 15,000, and 25,000 m3/day and discount rates of 3%, 5%, 7%, 9% and 11% were conducted. Considering only the direct costs and benefits, none of the projects were financially feasible. However, when the environmental benefits were included, the projects became profitable in all cases except those with a flow rate of 5200 m3/day and discount rates of 5%, 7%, 9%, and 11% and those with flow rates of 10,000 and 25,000 m3/day and an 11% discount rate. Further, CBAs of water reclamation projects in industrial parks for irrigation were conducted with post-treatment processes consisting of sand filtration and chlorine disinfection for flow rates of 240, 480, 2400, 3600, and 4800 m3/day. The projects are profitable, regardless of environmental benefits.
Modeling Groundwater Nitrate Contamination Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Stylianoudaki Christina , Trichakis Ioannis , Karatzas George P.
Published: April 2022

The scope of the present study is the estimation of the concentration of nitrates (NO3−) in groundwater using artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on easily measurable in situ data. For the purpose of the current study, two feedforward neural networks were developed to determine whether including land use variables would improve the model results. In the first network, easily measurable field data were used, i.e., pH, electrical conductivity, water temperature, air temperature, and aquifer level. This model achieved a fairly good simulation based on the root mean squared error (RMSE in mg/L) and the Nash–Sutcliffe Model Efficiency (NSE) indicators (RMSE = 26.18, NSE = 0.54). In the second model, the percentages of different land uses in a radius of 1000 m from each well was included in an attempt to obtain a better description of nitrate transport in the aquifer system. When these variables were used, the performance of the model increased significantly (RMSE = 15.95, NSE = 0.70). For the development of the models, data from chemical and physical analyses of groundwater samples from wells located in the Kopaidian Plain and the wider area of the Asopos River Basin, both in Greece, were used. The simulation that the models achieved indicates that they are a potentially useful tools for the estimation of groundwater contamination by nitrates and may therefore constitute a basis for the development of groundwater management plans.
Regional Assessment of Sub-Hourly Annual Rainfall Maxima
Authors: Pelosi Anna , Chirico Giovanni Battista , Furcolo Pierluigi , Villani Paolo
Published: April 2022

The assessment of rainfall extremes at sub-hourly scales is generally hindered by a lack of rainfall data at small timescale resolutions. This study proposes a methodology for assessing mean annual maximum rainfall at the sub-hourly scale by blending historical time series of annual maxima recorded by mechanical stations (operating at hourly scales) up to the end of the past century with newer time series of annual maxima at higher time resolutions recorded by automatic stations installed over the past twenty years. A linear correlation was found at the regional scale between the shape parameter controlling the dependency of rainfall maxima with a duration longer than one hour and the shape parameter of the dependency of rainfall maxima with the durations shorter than one hour. Thanks to this correlation, data recorded at the mechanical stations could be exploited to assess sub-hourly mean annual maxima. The proposed hybrid procedure was verified and was found to provide estimates with an accuracy close to those obtained with the high-resolution data, i.e., our best estimates. Moreover, the proposed procedure outperforms what could be achieved by spatially interpolating the best estimates at those locations where only hourly data are available.
Linking Micropollutants to Trait Syndromes across Freshwater Diatom, Macroinvertebrate, and Fish Assemblages
Authors: Meyer Albin , Alric Benjamin , Dézerald Olivier , Billoir Elise , Coulaud Romain , Larras Floriane , Mondy Cédric P. , Usseglio-Polatera Philippe
Published: April 2022

The ecological quality of freshwater ecosystems is endangered by various micropollutants released into the environment by human activities. The cumulative effects of these micropollutants can affect the fitness of organisms and populations and the functional diversity of stream ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the joint toxicity of micropollutants and trait syndromes. A trait syndrome corresponds to a combination of traits that could occur together in communities due to the trait selection driven by exposure to these micropollutants. Our objectives were to (i) identify trait syndromes specific to diatom, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblages and their responses to exposure, taking into account four micropollutant types (mineral micropollutants, pesticides, PAHs, and other organic micropollutants) and nine modes of action (only for pesticides), (ii) explore how these syndromes vary within and among the three biological compartments, (iii) investigate the trait categories driving the responses of syndromes to micropollutant exposure, and (iv) identify specific taxa, so-called paragons, which are highly representative of these syndromes. To achieve these objectives, we analyzed a dataset including the biological and physico-chemical results of 2007 sampling events from a large-scale monitoring survey routinely performed in French wadeable streams. We have identified five (diatoms), eight (macroinvertebrates), and eight (fishes) trait syndromes, either positively or negatively related to an increasing toxicity gradient of different clusters of micropollutant types or modes of action. Our analyses identified several key trait categories and sets of paragons, exhibiting good potential for highlighting exposure by specific micropollutant types and modes of action. Overall, trait syndromes might represent a novel and integrative bioassessment tool, driven by the diversity of trait-based responses to increasing gradients of micropollutant toxic cocktails.
Pola Komunikasi Masyarakat Sunda di Perantauan
Authors: Nurjaman Enang Yusuf
Published: April 2022

Suku Sunda dikenal sebagai suku yang tidak memiliki tradisi merantau, akan tetapi pada perkembangannya tradisi itu mulai luntur, dengan berbagai hal yang melatarbelakanginya suku Sunda sudah banyak yang merantau ke berbagai daerah dan negeri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola komunikasi masyarakat Sunda yang berada diperantauan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi komunikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa komunikasi yang terjadi dalam masyarakat Sunda diperantauan didasari oleh semangat falsafah Sunda yaitu silih asah, silih asih, silih asuh, silih wawangikeun dan komunikasi sesama suku Sunda terjadi secara hangat, terbuka, intensif, setara yang berjalan secara natural dan memegang norma saling menghormati dan menghargai.
“Bobotoh Jokowi” pada pilpres 2019: Sebuah Analisis Fenomenologi Alfred Schutz
Authors: Perdana Kiki Esa
Published: April 2022

Pilpres 2019 menghadirkan fenomena dukungan yang muncul dari beberapa pendukung Klub Sepakbola Persib Bandung kepada pasangan Joko Widodo dan Maruf Amin, mereka mengatasnamakan dirinya “Bobotoh Jokowi". Analisis fenomenologis Alfred Schutz digunakan untuk menganalisis cara pandang Bobotoh secara umum terhadap fenomena munculnya Bobotoh Jokowi ini pada pilpres 2019. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa banyak Bobotoh lainnya yang menunjukkan ketidaksetujuan karena “Bobotoh Jokowi” ini terkesan dipaksakan dan bukan merupakan representasi dari Bobotoh kebanyakan, kesimpulannya adalah “Bobotoh Jokowi” tidak melahirkan komunikasi politik yang memberikan umpan balik positif karena banyaknya masalah komunikasi politik yang terjadi.
PENGARUH SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING YOUTUBE, INSTAGRAM, DAN TWITTER TERHADAP BRAND AWARENESS PADA GENERASI Z (Studi Kasus Pada Radio Play99ers 100FM Bandung)
Authors: Febrianti Agatha Indah , Saputri Marheni Eka
Published: April 2022

Pengguna intenet mengalami peningkatan yang sangat pesat di Indonesia,  salah satunya ialah generasi Z. Generasi ini melekat dengan social media dan perusahaan juga sudah banyak yang menggunakan social media menjadi salah satu media promosi untuk meningkatkan brand awareness, hal ini juga dimanfaatkan oleh Radio Play99ers 100FM Bandung. Social media yang digunakan oleh Radio Play99ers terdiri dari 3 platform yaitu youtube, instagram, dan twitter. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui apakah social media marketing youtube, instagram, twitter berpengaruh terhadap brand awareness. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 100 responden. Metode analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah metode analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan software IBM SPSS 25 for windows. Secara simultan dilihat dari uji t, terdapat pengaruh antara social media marketing youtube, instagram, dan twitter terhadap brand awareness pada generasi Z (Studi Kasus pada Radio Play99ers 100FM Bandung). Pengaruh social media marketing mempengaruhi brand awareness sebesar 0,330 atau sebesar 33% selebihnya yaitu 0,670 atau 67% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak termasuk ke dalam penelitian ini.

Kata Kunci: Brand Awareness, Generasi Z, Social Media Marketing
BOOSTER EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY ON PT. HOU TECH INDONESIA
Authors: Yogatama Ahmad Nizar , Arsita Nia , Ikrima Sailil
Published: April 2022

PT. Hou Tech Indonesia sebagai salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak di industri panel kayu yang masih bertahan di era disruptif tahu betul bahwa kualitas dan reputasi yang dimilikinya tidak terlepas dari peran tenaga kerja, tetapi saat ini menghadapi penurunan kinerja yang diduga berasal dari peningkatan tingkat kehadiran. Peneliti merasa perlu menilai kembali bagaimana keputusan yang tepat untuk PT. Hou Tech Indonesia agar dapat mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kinerja karyawan di departemen produksi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah bagaimana membuat keputusan yang tepat untuk PT. Hou Tech Indonesia agar dapat mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kinerja karyawan di departemen produksi. Penelitian ini mengambil populasi dan sampel dari semua karyawan departemen produksi PT. Hou Tech Indonesia dengan total 108 karyawan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling yaitu semua karyawan bagian produksi di PT. Hou Tech Indonesia, yang bersedia memberikan semua informasi yang dibutuhkan peneliti. Data primer yang dikumpulkan oleh para peneliti dilakukan melalui kuesioner menggunakan skala Likert 5 poin dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan meningkatkan komitmen karyawan merupakan pilihan terbaik sehingga kinerja produksi karyawan akan meningkat.