bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Referral Hire Presence Implications for Referrer Turnover and Job Performance
Authors: Pieper Jenna R. , Trevor Charlie O. , Weller Ingo , Duchon Dennis
Published: November 2017

A great deal of research has been devoted to understanding the organizational returns of employee referral programs, particularly with respect to outcomes involving those hired through the referral process. Yet, no work has addressed whether the presence of a referral hire (i.e., the referred candidate who is hired and working in the firm) is related to behavioral outcomes for the referrer. Drawing on the social enrichment perspective, we theorize how referral hire presence (RHP), which is the time during which the referrer’s and the referral hire’s employment spells overlap, impacts referrer behavior. Using data from 265 referrers in a U.S. call center, we found that RHP was negatively related to referrer voluntary turnover and positively related to referrer job performance. Further, results from a supplemental experimental study supported our social enrichment rationale for the field study relationships, as the construct was associated with both RHP and additional attitudes known to be proximal predictors of turnover and performance. We also explore boundary conditions for the RHP effect in the call center data, revealing a nuanced mix of moderators of RHP effects. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence for the role of social enrichment, possible modifications to the well-established social enrichment perspective in the workplace, and evidence that understanding the impact of referral hiring necessitates careful consideration of the behavioral consequences for the referrer.
An after-school intervention targeting executive function and visuospatial skills also improves classroom behavior
Authors: Brock Laura L. , Murrah William M. , Cottone Elizabeth A. , Mashburn Andrew J. , Grissmer David W.
Published: November 2017

Executive function (EF) describes a complex set of skills, including flexible attention, inhibitory control, and working memory, that coordinate to achieve behavioral regulation. Visuospatial skills (VS) describe the capacity to visually perceive and understand spatial relationships among objects. Emerging research suggests VS skills are associated with classroom functioning, including behavioral adjustment. Children from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to enter school with EF and VS deficits, with consequences for classroom adjustment. In response, we developed and experimentally tested an after-school intervention that incorporates fine and gross motor activities targeting EF and VS skills in a sample of 87 kindergarten and first-grade students from low-income communities. The aim of the present study was to preliminarily explore whether EF and VS skills were bolstered by the intervention and subsequently whether EF and VS skills mediate or moderate intervention impacts on learning-related and problem behaviors in the classroom. Intent-to-treat analyses confirm intervention effects for EF and VS skills. Using full information maximum likelihood and bias-corrected bootstrapping, results indicate that improvements in EF mediated the impact of assignment to the treatment condition on improvements in learning-related behaviors and reductions in problem behavior. Taken together, findings suggest out-of-school contexts are a reasonable point of intervention for improving daytime classroom behavior.
Women’s Experiences of Intimate Partner Economic Abuse in the Eastern Region of Ghana
Authors: Sedziafa Alice Pearl , Tenkorang Eric Y. , Owusu Adobea Y. , Sano Yuji
Published: November 2017

Despite its prevalence, intimate partner economic abuse has received less scholarly attention in sub-Saharan Africa. Using qualitative enquiry, this study describes the experiences of economic abuse among 18 women in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Economic abuse occurred in a variety of forms, including extortion, denial of income-earning activity, and attempts to deny women’s economic independence and financial self-sufficiency. Findings point to the pervasiveness of economic abuse among both high- and low-income women. While economic dependency among nonworking women was associated with sexual violence, working and independent women experienced physical and emotional violence on questioning intimate partner’s economic abuse.
Parent–Adolescent Closeness, Family Belonging, and Adolescent Well-Being Across Family Structures
Authors: King Valarie , Boyd Lisa M. , Pragg Brianne
Published: November 2017

Adolescents in stepfamilies and single-parent families tend to report lower levels of well-being than adolescents who live with two biological parents. Using data from Add Health ( n = 16,684), the present study builds on this literature by examining family-level predictors of adolescent depressive symptoms, delinquency, failing a class, heavy alcohol use, tobacco use, and marijuana use. We focus on feelings of family belonging as a predictor of adolescent well-being and find that this measure is significantly associated with well-being in all family types, and particularly in two-biological-parent families. In addition, results indicate that family belonging mediates associations between parent–adolescent closeness and well-being for most outcomes.
Stepmothers’ Perceptions and Experiences of the Wicked Stepmother Stereotype
Authors: Miller Anna , Cartwright Claire , Gibson Kerry
Published: November 2017

Stepfamilies are a common family form. Despite this, negative stereotypes of stepfamilies, and in particular, stepmothers still exist. This study used qualitative methods to examine stepmothers’ experiences of the wicked stepmother stereotype. One hundred and thirty-four stepmothers living in New Zealand completed an online questionnaire about their experiences of the stereotype and strategies for coping. The majority of stepmothers reported awareness of or identification with the stereotype in salient stepfamily situations. These included situations in which they judged themselves according to gendered expectations of motherhood. They also perceived they were stereotyped by stepchildren, stepchildren’s mothers, and social institutions. They reported a number of cognitive and behavioral strategies for coping with the stigma attached to the wicked stepmother stereotype, including seeking support, using humor, adopting a resistant attitude, engaging in strategies designed to minimize the relevance of the stereotype, and concealment.
Bone Therapeutics: Safety Considerations, Session Summary
Authors: Jerome Christopher P. , Boyce Rogely
Published: November 2017

This session was a series of presentations focused on safety considerations for late stage or currently marketed bone therapeutic agents. The first presentation was an overview of a major regulatory requirement in the nonclinical filing package for bone therapeutics, studies designed to assess the impact of an agent on bone quality. Two presentations focused on safety issues associated with drugs whose primary mechanism of action is inhibition of bone resorption. Typical findings associated with this class of agents in general and reproductive toxicology studies were reviewed, highlighting INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria) nomenclature. This was followed by an overview of safety issues that have been identified largely through clinical experience. Similar presentations followed emphasizing safety and regulatory issues associated with classes of drugs whose primary mechanism of action is stimulation of bone formation known broadly as bone anabolic agents. The major focus of these discussions was carcinogenicity risk assessment. The final presentation was an introduction to a rapidly evolving area in bone therapeutics, treatment of rare genetic bone diseases, and the developmental challenges associated with these indications and novel therapeutic modalities.
The Validation of Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Assays for Clinical Chemistry Assessments in Animal Models
Authors: Colangelo Jennifer L.
Published: November 2017

Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a key platform in the clinical pathology laboratory and is being used more frequently for clinical pathology assessments in preclinical species for drug development studies. MS assays are being utilized for some traditional clinical pathology end points as well as novel biomarker analyses. For effective deployment in drug development toxicology studies, assays must be validated for use, and these validations are not very different from other bioanalytical platforms commonly found in the clinical pathology laboratory. Validations for MS assays include accuracy and precision assessments, analyte stability evaluations, carryover determinations, and recovery measures. The MS platform does present some unique challenges that should be considered, including ion suppression and availability of reference standards with MS data. Understanding the caveats of the MS platform is important for thorough validations and effective deployment.
Basic Pathologic Processes in the Nervous System
Authors: Griffin John W.
Published: November 2017

The methods for pathological assessment of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system differ, and there are also differences in the level of cellular resolution routinely achieved in screening techniques. In the PNS, plastic-embedded sections and teased nerve fibers from multiple regions provide satisfactory screening techniques; in the CNS, differential staining of paraffin sections provides the most practical screening approach. In both the CNS and PNS, the basic pathological processes are similar; these include Wallerian degeneration, distal axonal degeneration, and primary demyelination. In the future, new screening techniques based on immunocytochemical analyses and measurement of specific mRNA levels can be anticipated.
Developmental Neurotoxicology
Authors: Rodier Patricia M.
Published: November 2017

Some injuries to the developing nervous system can be detected with traditional evaluation for morphologic pathology, but many early injuries differ in character from those that are produced later in life. Such injuries arise from interference with developmental processes, rather than destruction of tissue. For example, an injury which kills neurons in the mature CNS leads to gliosis and a reduction in neuronal density, but a reduction in the number of neurons produced during development is not likely to lead to gliosis, and typically affects tissue volume rather than cell density. Some effects of developmental insults, such as misplaced and misoriented neurons, are never seen after adult injury. Functional effects reflect the role of the CNS in physiological regulation as well as in behavior. To evaluate CNS for developmental injury, it is necessary to know something about the structural and functional outcomes already recognized to result from teratogens and how these effects are related to time of exposure and time of testing.
Behavioral Indices of Neurotoxicity
Authors: Tilson Hugh A.
Published: November 2017

There are many classes of chemicals widely used in a number of commercial and industrial processes having a potential to affect adversely the nervous system. Because of their relative sensitivity to some agents and general noninvasive characteristics, functional measurements of neurotoxicity are being used with greater frequency, especially at the level of hazard identification. The neurobehavioral test battery used by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) includes motor activity, fore-and hindlimb grip strength, acoustic startle response, responsiveness to an adverse thermal stimulus and general health and clinical measures (body weight, autonomic signs, tremor, convulsions). These tests have been used in nearly 40 studies involving various dosing regimens with rats and mice. The NTP battery shows several salient features of an effective screen, including the ability to differentiate known neurotoxicants from nonneurotoxicants, identify certain types of neurological sequelae or profiles of neurotoxic effects and construct dose-and time-response data in a screening context. The extent to which the NTP battery has predictive validity is still being evaluated.
Quantitative Techniques in Neuropathology
Authors: Broxup Brian R. , Yipchuck George , McMillan Ian , Losos George J.
Published: November 2017

In the future, quantitative techniques will probably be used in industry as part of Tier II studies for the evaluation of chemicals and drugs for their neurotoxic potential. Movement towards quantifying some structures or neuropathological changes will be made possible by advances in tissue preparation and computer technology. Emphasis will need to be placed on standardized techniques, good quality samples and sampling techniques in order to produce good quantitative data in a reasonable time. In this paper, different sampling techniques are evaluated using a cross section of rat sural nerve as the tissue for quantitative investigation.
Screening for Neurotoxicity: Complementarity of Functional and Morphologic Techniques
Authors: Mattsson Joel L. , Eisenbrandt David L. , Albee Ralph R.
Published: November 2017

Our philosophy is that screening tests should be applicable across species and emphasize complementarity to neuropathology. Within this context, electrophysiological tests comparable to those in human clinical neurology are powerful screening tools. For example, while histopathologic evaluation of the cochlea for ototoxicity is difficult, evoked potential audiometry is fast and easy. In this instance, one might routinely screen for deficits in auditory function, and reserve morphologic techniques for a characterization role rather than one of discovery. Lesions of neurons, axons and myelin are, however, readily assessed by light microscopy. A suitable combination of functional and morphologic screening tests, therefore, enhances the ability to discover neurotoxicity, and these data of ten are ideal for generation of refined hypotheses for subsequent characterization studies.
Artifacts in Routinely Immersion Fixed Nervous Tissue
Authors: Garman Robert H.
Published: November 2017

In order to demonstrate the types of artifacts commonly seen in inadequately fixed central nervous system (CNS) tissues, rat brains were fixed by either perfusion or immersion in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Perfused brains were either removed immediately or left in situ for 1 hr prior to removal. Some of the brains destined for immersion fixation were first allowed to sit for either one-half or 1 hr in either room air or in an isotonic saline solution. Other brains were subjected to various handling procedures immediately after removal from the cranial vault in order to simulate the types of trauma which commonly occur during routine removal/dissection. Commonly observed artifacts included the presence of basophilic (dark) neurons, retraction spaces around neurons, vessels, and glial cells, displacement of the neuropil, and neuropil vacuolar change. The results of the fixation and handling procedures utilized in the collection of these brains substantiate the well documented fact that the least degree of artifact will be seen in brains fixed by perfusion and left in situ for a reasonable period of time (several hours) prior to removal.
Spontaneous Lesions in Subchronic Neurotoxicity Testing of Rats
Authors: Eisenbrandt David L. , Mattsson Joel L. , Albee Ralph R. , Spencer Pamela J. , Johnson Keith A.
Published: November 2017

Male and female Fischer 344 rats, 30 weeks of age, were examined for neuropathologic changes after a 13-week inhalation neurotoxicologic study. Tissues were preserved by whole-body perfusion with 1.5% glutaraldehyde/4% formaldehyde solution. An extensive set of neural tissues was embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, luxol fast blue/periodic acid-Schiff/Thematoxylin, Seviwr-Munger silver, and cresyl echt violet. Lesions in the central and peripheral nervous system were comparable between sexes and between control and treated animals. Bilateral swollen axons were present in the medial aspect of the nucleus gracilis adjacent to the area postrema. Occasional swollen axons also were observed in the dorsal and ventral funiculi of the spinal cord. Degeneration of individual nerve fibers was present in the trapezoid body, vestibular nerve root, trigeminal nerve, cerebellar peduncles, and the funiculi of the spinal cord. Individual nerve fiber degeneration also was present in the spinal nerve roots, sciatic and tibial nerves. Nerve fiber degeneration was characterized by myelin disruption and degeneration, vacuoles and axonal fragmentation. Similar spontaneous neuropathology may be encountered in rats from other subchronic neurotoxicologic studies and must be differentiated from treatment-related toxicity.
Neuropathology of Excitatory Neurotoxins: The Domoic Acid Model
Authors: Tryphonas Leander , Iverson Frank
Published: November 2017

A novel type of intoxication in Canada in 1987 was traced to consumption of cultivated mussels contaminated with the excitotoxin domoic acid. Studies carried out in rats and monkeys revealed that parenterally administered domoic acid induces in rats neuroexcitatory phenomena culminating in seizures. Monkeys respond with gagging, emesis and less clearly evident seizure activity. CNS damage consisting of dendrotoxic and gliotoxic edema and nerve cell degeneration occurs in structures of the limbic system and the retina in both species. CNS lesion distribution similarities in animals treated with domoic acid or kainic acid suggest that these excitotoxins share a common pathogenesis mediated by glutamic acid, a putative endogenous excitatory neurotransmitter.
Role of the Blood-Nerve Barrier in Experimental Nerve Edema
Authors: Mizisin Andrew P. , Kalichman Michael W. , Myers Robert R. , Powell Henry C.
Published: November 2017

Nerve edema is a common response to the nerve injury seen in many peripheral neuropathies and is an important component of Wallerian degeneration. However, independent pathologic effects of nerve edema that aggravate or induce nerve injury extend the role of edema beyond that of an epiphenomenon of injury. New insights into the mechanism and impact of nerve edema come largely from animal models. In the following review, we discuss the cause and consequences of nerve edema with particular reference to en-doneurial fluid pressure and its relevance to the nerve microenvironment. Experimental models of nerve edema include conditions with increased vascular permeability such as lead poisoning, experimental allergic neuritis, and murine globoid leukodystrophy. Increased perineurial permeability induced by local anesthetics and neurolytic drugs can also induce nerve edema sufficient to increase endoneurial fluid pressure. Both perineurial and vascular permeability are increased after damage induced by crush, freeze, or laser injury. One of the most important forms of nerve edema is induced by external compression; the significance of this change is that edema has local compressive effects that persist after the external pressure has been relaxed. Nerve edema and increased endoneurial fluid pressure also occur in conditions in which vascular permeability appears to be unchanged such as experimental diabetic neuropathy and in hexachlorophene intoxication. In both of these conditions, reduced nerve blood flow has been demonstrated in rats and is viewed as a consequence of increased endoneurial fluid pressure. Whatever its mechanism, endoneurial edema has important structural and functional consequences for nerve fibers. A clear understanding of the underlying pathology of the nerve microenvironment may provide useful insights into treatment of clinical neuropathies.
Characterization of N-Nitrosourea-Induced Tumors of the Nervous System; Their Prospective Value for Studies of Neurocarcinogenesis and Brain Tumor Therapy*1
Authors: Koestner Adalbert
Published: November 2017

Two decades of research with resorptive neurocarcinogens firmly established the high potency of methyl and ethylnitrosourea (MNU and ENU) as neurocarcinogens, particularly in rats. There are significant differences in susceptibility to these agents among species. There are also differences among age groups. Fetuses are between 50 to 100 times more susceptible than adult rats. One single iv inoculation of 20-50 mg/kg ENU into pregnant rats may produce neurogenic tumors in 100% of the of fspring. The tumors produced by these compounds have been well characterized morphologically, biologically, biochemically and histochem-ically. Tumors produced by both compounds are mostly gliomas and neurinomas (Schwannomas), however, clear differences exist between ENU and MNU produced neoplasms. Transplacental exposure to ENU generally results in a high number of anaplastic neurinomas and mostly differentiated gliomas (astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas or mixed gliomas). In contrast, multiple exposures of adult rats to MNU result in a moderate number of mostly differentiated neurinomas and a high number of anaplastic gliomas. Tumors usually start out as well differentiated oligodendrogliomas or astrocytomas. As they grow larger, they become more mixed and anaplastic. In contrast to spontaneous gliomas in old rats, MNU and ENU-induced astrocytomas can be readily identified with well established biomarkers such as the S100 protein and particularly GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein). Neurinomas are also strongly positive for S100 protein. No reliable markers exist for oligodendrogliomas. Neurogenic tumors induced by MNU or ENU, as well as derived cell lines and clones from such tumors, have been successfully used as models for neurocarcinogenesis and therapeutic screening. Extensive research has been directed toward the molecular basis of neoplastic transformation (initiation) of neuroepithelial target cells by N-nitroso-compounds. Selective alkylation of DNA has been recognized as a crucial factor of initiation. More recently, host factors (growth and differentiation factors) have been recognized as prospective reverse transformation agents affecting tumor progression.
The Use of Laboratory Animals in Toxicology: An Ophthalmoscopic Assessment
Authors: Schiavo Donald M.
Published: November 2017

In a recent text by Grant (3), approximately 2,800 substances are listed as having some type of untoward effect on ocular tissue. The kinds of substances that may cause toxic damage/effects range from carbolic acid (2) to oxygen (1). It is the purpose of this communication to briefly review ocular toxicology as investigated in laboratory animals
Barriers in Transitioning Patients With Severe Obesity From Hospitals to Nursing Homes
Authors: Bradway Christine , Felix Holly C. , Whitfield Tonya , Li Xiaocong
Published: November 2017

This cross-sectional, descriptive study explored perspectives of discharge planners regarding transitions of hospitalized patients who are severely obese seeking discharge to a nursing home. Attention has been focused on care transitions regarding high hospital readmission rates, yet specific needs of patients who are severely obese have been largely overlooked. Ninety-seven (response rate 39.8%) discharge planners returned surveys addressing frequency of, and issues encountered when, arranging placements. Community and hospital characteristics were also collected. One third of the respondents from Pennsylvania and Arkansas reported inability to transfer patients; barriers included reimbursement, staffing, and equipment. Respondents perceiving nursing homes to have equipment concerns were nearly 7 times more likely to report patient size as a barrier ( p = .001). Given increasing obesity rates, health care delivery systems must be prepared to provide necessary resources and all levels of care, including transitions for hospitalized patients who are severely obese needing nursing home care post-discharge.
Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review
Authors: Kikuchi Keita , Mori Makoto
Published: November 2017

To minimize surgical morbidity in coronary artery bypass grafting, minimally invasive cardiac surgery has gained popularity. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting offers unique advantages compared to conventional off-pump coronary artery bypass or minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass in that it enables the surgeon to harvest and graft bilateral internal thoracic arteries via a small thoracotomy while being conducted completely off-pump. This review focuses on current evidence behind off-pump coronary artery bypass, multi-arterial revascularization, patient populations that would most benefit from bilateral internal thoracic artery minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting, the surgical technique, and early outcomes. By overcoming the perceived inability to utilize bilateral internal thoracic arteries in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting, the new technique further expands the armamentarium of surgeons and cardiologists. Hybrid coronary revascularization with bilateral internal thoracic artery minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting further augments the appeal of the next generation of minimally invasive cardiac surgery.
The duality of space: The built world of Du Bois’ double-consciousness
Authors: Brand Anna Livia
Published: November 2017

Using Du Bois’ concept of double-consciousness, this article explores African Americans’ responses to urban redevelopment strategies that undermine their claims to urban space. Set in post-Katrina New Orleans, this study centers residents’ visions for urban redevelopment, which reveal the severe economic, social, and spatial inequalities that they have historically faced but also the beauty and vibrancy of these communities. This article explores the spatiality of black residents’ double-consciousness and argues that space’s material and symbolic functions contribute to residents’ subaltern visions for urban development, views which counter the denigration of spaces inhabited by people of color with more socially and racially just visions for the future of the city.
Use of mobile phones among agro-pastoralist communities in Tanzania
Authors: Mwantimwa Kelefa
Published: November 2017

The study examined the usage of mobile phones among agro-pastoralists in Monduli and Bagamoyo districts in Tanzania. The study used a mixed approach in collecting and analysing the resultant data. The study’s findings reveal that individual and technology characteristics are important factors for mobile phone ownership and usage among agro-pastoralists. Further, the findings suggest that effective use of mobile phones presents a huge opportunity for improving information access for agro-pastoralist communities, so supporting their poverty reduction programs. Accordingly, usage of mobile phone technologies can offset some of the effects of neglected rural infrastructure and make rural development sustainable and competitive. The study concludes that there is an urgent need to re-think and re-orient the development thrust and deploy mobile phones to address business transaction and information access problems and supplement development-related information provided by other media.
Populism and exclusionary narratives: The ‘other’ in Podemos’ 2014 European Union election campaign
Authors: Sanders Karen , Molina Hurtado María Jesús , Zoragastua Jessica
Published: November 2017

Populist political parties have become a key feature of the European political landscape. In addition to claiming to be identified with the people, many of these parties are characterized by exclusionary narratives which centre on groups such as immigrants and religious minorities, a feature considered by many analysts as specific to right-wing populism. Left-wing populism is frequently defined as sharing right-wing populism’s identification with the people and its anti-elitism but not its attachment to exclusionary narratives. This study joins other recent work in challenging that assumption, providing evidence for the contention that anti-elitism is also a form of excluding populist communication. Using Van Dijk’s methodological approach to the analysis of the discursive positioning of ‘Us/Them’ and elements of Burke’s dramatistic pentad, this article examines the party and electoral communication of Podemos, the self-described, left-wing populist Spanish political party, from its foundation in January 2014 up until the close of the European Union parliamentary election campaign in May 2014. The study shows that an exclusionary narrative was integral to Podemos’ campaign communication in that a group of people identified as the caste ( la casta) constituted the stigmatized out-group in contraposition to the in-group of the ‘people’ which included immigrants and the leaders of Podemos. This suggests that populist parties or politicians of all ideological stripes may be characterized by exclusionary and stigmatizing narratives.
Working with working memory and language
Authors: Sharwood Smith Michael
Published: November 2017

Working memory is generally understood to refer to a limited storage facility for information temporarily needed during online processing. It figures with increasing frequency both in studies on second language development and more widely in research on bilingual and multilingual acquisition and attrition studies. The importance of the concept to our understanding justifies the appearance of this special issue, in which both general and specifically second language (L2) oriented topics related to working memory are discussed. Unsurprisingly, working memory is a theoretical concept that remains subject to controversy since we still have much to learn about how the mind and brain work. Many researchers do not do research that focuses on the nature of memory itself but at the same time still rely on the concept and the various types of related measures that have been developed in psychology for their own investigations: for these researchers, it is still important to keep abreast of developments in memory research both within and beyond their own area.
End-of-life care for homeless people: A qualitative analysis exploring the challenges to access and provision of palliative care
Authors: Shulman Caroline , Hudson Briony F , Low Joseph , Hewett Nigel , Daley Julian , Kennedy Peter , Davis Sarah , Brophy Niamh , Howard Diana , Vivat Bella , Stone Patrick
Published: November 2017

Background:

Being homeless or vulnerably housed is associated with death at a young age, frequently related to medical problems complicated by drug or alcohol dependence. Homeless people experience high symptom burden at the end of life, yet palliative care service use is limited.

Aim:

To explore the views and experiences of current and formerly homeless people, frontline homelessness staff (from hostels, day centres and outreach teams) and health- and social-care providers, regarding challenges to supporting homeless people with advanced ill health, and to make suggestions for improving care.

Design:

Thematic analysis of data collected using focus groups and interviews.

Participants:

Single homeless people ( n = 28), formerly homeless people ( n = 10), health- and social-care providers ( n = 48), hostel staff ( n = 30) and outreach staff ( n = 10).

Results:

This research documents growing concern that many homeless people are dying in unsupported, unacceptable situations. It highlights the complexities of identifying who is palliative and lack of appropriate places of care for people who are homeless with high support needs, particularly in combination with substance misuse issues.

Conclusion:

Due to the lack of alternatives, homeless people with advanced ill health often remain in hostels. Conflict between the recovery-focused nature of many services and the realities of health and illness for often young homeless people result in a lack of person-centred care. Greater multidisciplinary working, extended in-reach into hostels from health and social services and training for all professional groups along with more access to appropriate supported accommodation are required to improve care for homeless people with advanced ill health.
Electrocardiographic alterations in patients consuming synthetic cannabinoids
Authors: Ozturk Hayriye M , Erdogan Mehmet , Alsancak Yakup , Yarlioglues Mikail , Duran Mustafa , Boztas M Hamid , Murat Sani N , Ozturk Selcuk
Published: November 2017

Introduction:

The aim of this study was to investigate the electrocardiographic parameters in patients consuming synthetic cannabinoids.

Methods:

Thirty-five patients who were consuming synthetic cannabinoids were enrolled to the study, prospectively. The control group included 35 healthy age and sex-matched volunteers. The standard 12-lead surface electrocardiograms of the study population were recorded. P maximum (Pmax), P minimum (Pmin), P wave dispersion, interatrial duration, P wave area in D2 derivation, abnormal P terminal force in V1 derivation, heart rate, QT interval, corrected QT, QT dispersion, PR interval duration and macrovolt T-wave alternans were evaluated by two experienced cardiologists. The intra-observer and inter-observer variations for all measurements were non-significant.

Results:

Pmax and Pmin duration was not different between the groups ( p=0.96, p=0.15, respectively). However, P wave dispersion was higher in the patient group compared to control group (34±9.4, 29.5±6.6, p=0.02, respectively). QT interval was significantly higher in the patient group than the control group (380.3±25, 365.6±22.8, p=0.01, respectively). Besides, corrected QT was higher in the patient group compared to control group (415±36.8, 392±15.5, p=0.001, respectively). QT dispersion was also higher in the patient group than the control group (39.8±10.0, 29.2±5.4, p<0.001, respectively).

Conclusion:

Altered electrocardiography parameters linked with atrial and ventricular arrhythmia development may be observed in patients consuming synthetic cannabinoids. These patients should be evaluated regularly for cardiovascular disease and arrhythmia development. The electrocardiogram, which is a cheap and easy test to apply, can be used to determine the pro-arrythmic risk in patients consuming synthetic cannabinoids.
Innovations in Payer–Community Partnerships: The EmblemHealth Neighborhood Care Program
Authors: Kwon Simona C. , Trinh-Shevrin Chau , Wauchope Karen , Islam Nadia S. , Fifield Judith , Kidd Arlotta Patricia , Han Hee Won , Ng Eliza
Published: November 2017

Comprehensive and innovative strategies are needed to address and manage chronic diseases and conditions and to reduce health disparities. EmblemHealth Neighborhood Care (EHNC) sites provide community-based linkages across payers, health providers, and delivery systems and underserved communities using culturally sensitive methods tailored to meet the needs of the community. This article describes this novel initiative and early indicators of its feasibility. Three EHNC sites were established in New York City: Harlem, Cambria Heights, and Chinatown. Each site provides core health and customer services to members and the community. In addition, sites provide tailored services to meet the unique needs of each community. Preliminary data suggest that program and community members are utilizing the sites and returning for follow-up visits. Sites also demonstrate success in cross referral between EHNC teams. The EHNC program is both feasible from the payer’s perspective and acceptable to diverse patient populations and settings.
Examining Children’s Physical Activity, Imagery Ability, and Active Play Imagery
Authors: Guerrero Michelle , Munroe-Chandler Krista
Published: November 2017

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether physical activity participation and movement imagery ability predicted the three types of active play imagery (i.e., capability, social, and fun). A total of 120 children ( Mage = 9.94 years, SD = .81) completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children, Movement Imagery Questionnaire for Children, and Children’s Active Play Imagery Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that age (control variable) and physical activity participation were positive predictors of capability, social, and fun imagery. External visual imagery positively predicted fun imagery, while no other associations between movement imagery ability and active play imagery were found. These results suggest that active play imagery is influenced by one’s age, physical activity participation, and ability to use external visual imagery.
Sharing or ignoring tacit knowledge? A comparison of collective learning routines at two sites
Authors: Abbariki Mahnaz , Snell Robin Stanley , Easterby-Smith Mark
Published: November 2017

Tacit knowledge plays an important role in task performance but is difficult to share. We analysed whether tacit knowledge was being shared through collective learning routines at two sites where employees were undertaking knowledge-intensive work. Employees at the first site were performing procedure-governed tasks, and while their tasks were similar, they were expected to work independently, which restricted access to one another’s tacit knowledge. This restriction was compounded by the management’s policy that collective learning routines should exclusively utilize a technology-based knowledge sharing platform. By contrast, employees at the second site were working interdependently to develop original solutions to common problems and could share tacit knowledge naturally as they engaged in face-to-face collective learning routines. From our analysis of differences between collective learning routines at the two sites, we derive practical implications for facilitating the sharing of tacit knowledge at sites where employees are independently performing similar procedure-driven tasks.
Good to be disliked? Exploring the relationship between disapproval of organizations and job satisfaction in the French context
Authors: Roulet Thomas J
Published: November 2017

Previous research has found that a positive relationship exists between favourable perception of a firm and employees’ job satisfaction: the more positively an organization is perceived, the happier are its workers. However, the current literature has overlooked the consequences of a negative corporate image or disapproval of organizations. Building on the concept of organizational identification and the social identity literature, we fill in this gap and counterintuitively argue that employees are more likely to identify and align with their organizations when it faces illegitimate criticism. We test our hypotheses on a large-scale survey collected in France and find that perception of disapproval of an organization has indeed an adverse effect on job satisfaction. However, if employees perceive criticism as illegitimate, job satisfaction is positively impacted. This study suggests the existence of micro-level social identity reactions in case of unjustified disapprobation: employees stick together and hold the line against criticism, strengthening the collective identity and adding positive emotional value to the work experience.
Candle in the wind
Authors: Ren Shuang , Zhu Ying
Published: November 2017

This study contributes to the leadership literature by applying the complexity leadership paradigm within China’s fringe arts businesses. China’s societal transformation provides a rich site that is far more complex than the one in established economies. Concerned with the evolving role of arts and cultural leadership within such context, this study explores the emergent, interactive dynamism between leaders, leadership and multiple contexts organized at different levels. Using an evidence-based approach, this study draws from in-depth case studies of two fringe arts businesses in Beijing. The findings not only enrich the model that describes the strategic goals of arts and cultural businesses, but also reveals leader behaviours and approaches used to achieve adaptive outcomes of complexity leadership. Overall, the study provides insights into the practice of arts and cultural leadership socially constructed within a context of drastic change and uncertainty.
Problem Gambling Among Australian Male Prisoners: Lifetime Prevalence, Help-Seeking, and Association With Incarceration and Aboriginality
Authors: Riley Ben J. , Larsen Amii , Battersby Malcolm , Harvey Peter
Published: November 2017

Prisoners represent a group containing the highest problem gambling (PG) rate found in any population. PG is of particular concern among Indigenous Australians. Little data exist concerning PG rates among Indigenous Australian prisoners. The present study aimed to address this gap in the literature by examining the lifetime prevalence of PG among male prisoners, whilst identifying prisoners of Aboriginal background. The EIGHT Gambling Screen (Early Intervention Gambling Health Test) was administered to 296 prisoners across three male prisons in South Australia. Previous help-seeking behaviour and forms of gambling were also examined. Sixty percent of prisoners indicated a lifetime prevalence of PG with 18% reporting they were incarcerated due to offending relating to their gambling problem. Indigenous Australian prisoners indicated a significantly higher prevalence of PG (75%) than non-Indigenous prisoners (57%) and reported less than half the rate of help-seeking. Given the high levels of PG and overall low rates of help-seeking among prisoners, prisons may provide an important opportunity to engage this high-risk population with effective treatment programs, in particular culturally appropriate targeted interventions for Australian Indigenous prisoners.
A tangent stiffness–based approach to study free vibration of shear-deformable functionally graded material rotating beam through a geometrically non-linear analysis
Authors: Pal Suman , Das Debabrata
Published: November 2017

An improved mathematical model to study the free vibration behavior of rotating functionally graded material beam is presented, considering non-linearity up to second order for the normal and transverse shear strains. The study is carried out considering thermal loading due to uniform temperature rise and using temperature-dependent material properties. Power law variation is assumed for through-thickness symmetric functional gradation of ceramic–metal functionally graded beam. The effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia are considered in the frame-work of Timoshenko beam theory. First, the rotating beam configuration under time-invariant centrifugal loading and thermal loading is obtained through a geometrically non-linear analysis, employing minimum total potential energy principle. Then, the free vibration analysis of the deformed beam is performed using the tangent stiffness of the deformed beam configuration, and employing Hamilton’s principle. The Coriolis effect is considered in the free vibration problem, and the governing equations are transformed to the state-space to obtain the eigenvalue problem. The solution of the governing equations is obtained following Ritz method. The validation is performed with the available results, and also with finite element software ANSYS. The analysis is carried out for clamped-free beam and for clamped–clamped beam with immovably clamped ends. The results for the first two modes of chord-wise and flap-wise vibration in non-dimensional speed-frequency plane are presented for different functionally graded material compositions, material profile parameters, root offset parameters and operating temperatures.
Bending and free vibration response of sandwich laminate under hygrothermal load using improved zigzag theory
Authors: Padhi Ansuman , Pandit Mihir K
Published: November 2017

In this work, the effects of variations in temperature and moisture concentrations on the static and free vibration response of sandwich laminated plates with low-density core have been studied. A higher order zigzag laminate theory is used which satisfies the continuity in transverse shear stress at the layer interfaces and zero transverse shear stress condition at the top and bottom surfaces of the laminate . The displacement field in this theory suitably allows for the quadratic distribution of transverse shear stress across the thickness and transverse compressibility effect of the core. An effective finite element formulation is carried out by employing a nine-node C0 isoparametric element for the above plate model. Numerical examples of composite and sandwich laminates with different material properties, effect of temperature and moisture variation, aspect ratios, boundary conditions, number of layers and ply orientations are considered for the analysis. Efficiency of the present plate model in predicting various responses subjected to hygrothermal loading is verified by comparing with the available published results.
CGRP, a target for preventive therapy in migraine and cluster headache: Systematic review of clinical data
Authors: Khan Sabrina , Olesen Astrid , Ashina Messoud
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Migraine and cluster headache are challenging to manage, with no tailored preventive medications available. Targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway to treat these headaches may be the first focused therapeutic option to date, with the potential for promising efficacy.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov for randomized controlled trials investigating the preventive potential of monoclonal antibodies against the CGRP pathway in the treatment of migraine and cluster headache.

Results

The literature search returned a total of 136 records, of which 32 were eligible for review.

Discussion

Clinical data from phase II and III trials of the four monoclonal antibodies targeting the CGRP pathway: Eptinezumab, erenumab, fremanezumab, and galcanezumab, collectively show a positive effect in the preventive treatment of episodic and chronic migraine. Multiple phase II and III trials are under way to further determine the efficacy and safety of this new drug class. It may be particularly important to assess the cardiovascular effects of long-term CGRP blockade. Phase III trials are also currently in progress for the preventive treatment of cluster headache.

Conclusion

Efficacy of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies spells a promising future for the many patients suffering from migraine, and possibly also for the smaller but severely-affected population with cluster headache.
Using Language in Psychiatry
Authors: Fine Jonathan
Published: November 2017

Much of the diagnosis and definition of psychiatric disorders depends on language behaviour. Both the lay and clinical communities recognize that some atypical language behaviour helps to the identify psychiatric disorders. A functional approach to language provides the means to classify the atypicalities in meaning and in wordings that are associated with psychiatric disorders. Culture levels, register, genre, context, vocabulary-grammar, and sound must all be taken into account in considering language atypicalities. Language simultaneously conveys 3 kinds of meaning—ideational, interpersonal and textual. Individually or combined, these 3 kinds of meaning can be used to describe the atypical language behaviour associated with psychiatric disorders.

Une large part du diagnostic et de la définition des troubles psychiatriques repose sur le comportement linguistique. Les milieux tant profanes que cliniques reconnaissent qu'un certain comportement linguistique anormal aide à reconnaître les troubles psychiatriques. Une approche fonctionnelle de la langue fournit les moyens de classer les anormalités selon le sens et le choix des termes qui sont associés aux troubles psychiatriques. Les niveaux de culture, le registre, le genre, le contexte, le vocabulaire et la grammaire ainsi que le son doivent tous être pris en compte lorsqu'on examine les anormalités de la langue. La langue transmet simultanément 3 types de sens—idéationnel, interpersonnel et textuel. Individuellement ou combinés, ces 3 types de sens peuvent servir à décrire le comportement linguistique anormal associé aux troubles psychiatriques.