bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF THE MATRIX AND FILLER PHASE COMPOSITION ON THE EROSION RESISTANCE OF CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITE MATERIALS FABRICATED BY THE GAS-PHASE
INFILTRATION METHOD
Authors: Gribanov Yu.A. , Gurin I.V. , Gujda V.V. , Gujda Yu.V.
Published: May 2021

The erosion factor of the matrix and filler phase composition having influence on the C-C composite resistance has been shown. The main mechanisms of such an effect are determined and the steps of improving the functional characteristics of composites are determined. It is assumed that the erosion and sublimation resistance of C-C composites, obtained by the gas-phase infiltration method using the radially-moving zone of pyrolysis, is due, first of all, to a highly-ordered crystalline pyrocarbon matrix. It is shown that the C-C composites have a unique temperature resistance and workability at high temperatures.
NEW TARGET ASSEMBLY FOR SOLID SAMPLES IRRADIATION IN 11-MeV MEDICAL CYCLOTRON
Authors: Bondar B.M. , Kravchenko A.V. , Mikhnytsky I.B. , Kmetyuk Ya.V.
Published: May 2021

In this work we present the new target assembly developed for solid samples irradiation by protons with different energies at maximum of 11 MeV and 40 μA for current. The new target was designed and manufactured for conventional target changer (carousel) of 11 MeV Eclipse RD medical cyclotron. The MCNP simulation of the beam profile after degradation was performed and testing irradiation of the target assembly was successfully carried out showing the target suitability for such type of cyclotron facilities.
Students’ Perception on Effectiveness of Teaching Learning Process at Higher Secondary Schools in Bahawalpur, Punjab
Authors: Zeeshan Muhammad , Ali Akhtar , Kashif NajamUl
Published: May 2021

The major objective of the article is to find out the students’ perception on effectiveness of teaching learning process at higher secondary schools in Bahawalpur, Punjab. A randomly selected group of 545 students of intermediate classes (1st and 2nd year) from the six government higher secondary schools of Bahawalpur district responded on a four points agree/disagree Likert type scale through personal visits of the researcher to the data sights. Seven factors (Infrastructure, nature of relationship, teaching learning process, school environment, school management, discipline and co-curricular activities) solution with 47% of common variance was accepted as a result of Principle component analysis with Varimax rotation. All the factors explained 47% of total variance. Cronbach Alpha value remained more than 0.7 for all the cases. Strongly agreed and agreed responses on each item of the factor and then factor on the whole merged together to give rise agree frequency whereas addition of strongly disagree and disagree frequencies resulted disagree set of responses. The percentages of both the set of responses were calculated. Independent sample t test and one way ANOVA were run to work out the demographic effects. The results showed that more than sixty percent students were agreed about actively participating in learning activities, teachers help students to solve their learning problems, practice new skill of teaching in the classroom, institution building is neat and clean, priority of school is cleanliness, IT sources are sufficiently used in the school, coordinate with parents regarding learning of students and use variety of co-curricular activities for developing personality of students
TAKVİYE EDİCİ GIDALARIN ONAY İŞLEMLERİ VE DENETİMİ
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Sümeyye
Published: May 2021

Takviye edici gıdalar normal beslenmeyi desteklemek amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Protein, vitamin, mineral gibi besin öğelerini ya da bitki ve bitkisel kaynaklı maddeleri içerebilir. Bunlar kapsül, tablet gibi formlarda hazırlanır ve günlük alım dozu belirlenmiştir. Vücut tarafından üretilemeyen fakat vücudumuz için gerekli olan bazı bileşenler takviye edici gıdalarla telafi edilebilmektedir. Ancak takviye edici gıdalar bazen zehirlenmelere, kalıcı hastalıklara hatta ölümlere sebep olabilmektedir. Bu sebeple denetimleri oldukça önemlidir. Bu makalede takviye edici gıdaların onay işlemleri ve denetimi ile takviye edici gıda reklamlarının denetimi incelenmiştir. Takviye edici gıda tanımlandıktan sonra potansiyel risklerine değinilmiştir. Ortaya çıkabilecek muhtemel zararlar açıklanmıştır. Bu alandaki yasal düzenlemelerden bahsedilmiştir. Onay süreci ele alınmıştır. Takviye edici gıdaların denetimi ile reklamlarının denetimi ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu alanlardaki sıkıntılı noktalara değinilmiş ve öneriler sunulmuştur.
Саид Носирхон Тўра Камолхон Тўра ўғлининг вафоти санаси хусусида
Authors: Хомидов Дилшодбек
Published: May 2021

Мақолада Туркистон мухторият халқ маорифи вазири лавозимида фаолият кўрсатган таниқли жадидчи-маърифатпарвар Саид Носирхон тўра Камолхон тўра ўғлининг вафоти санаси ҳақидаги маълумотлар миллий ва хорижий манбалар ёрдамида атрофлича таҳлил қилинган.
Thông báo trường hợp ghép tim thành công từ ca điều phối hiến-ghép nhiều tạng
Authors: Son Phung Duy Hong , Uoc Nguyen Huu , Son Trinh Hong
Published: May 2021

Đặt vấn đề: Nhu cầu ghép tạng rất lớn và hiến đa tạng chết não là xu hướng chung trên thế giới. Vai trò của các Trung tâm điều phối tạng rất quan trọng để quản lý và tận dụng tối đa nguồn tạng hiến. Báo cáo nhằm thông báo một trường hợp ghép tim thành công tại bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức với tim hiến được điều phối bởi Trung tâm Điều phối Ghép tạng Quốc gia. Phương pháp: báo cáo ca lâm sàng hồi cứu dựa trên 1 ca ghép tim tháng 12 năm 2018. Kết quả: Người hiến đa tạng chết não là nam giới, 43 tuổi, đang điều trị tại bệnh viện Bạch Mai, gia đình có nguyện vọng hiến tạng cứu người. Trung tâm Điều phối Ghép tng Quốc gia đã tổ chức điều phối đưa bệnh nhân sang bệnh viện Việt Đức để thực hiện lấy đa tạng, rồi điều phối cho các đơn vị ghép trên toàn quốc. Người được ghép tim là nam giới, 60 tuổi, mắc bệnh cơ tim giãn giai đoạn cuối, có thông số sinh học phù hợp với người hiến. Công tác vận chuyển, tổ chức, lấy và phân phối tạng hiến, ghép các tạng đều diễn ra rất thuận lợi và thành công tại bệnh viện Việt Đức ở Hà Nội và bệnh viện Nhi đồng 2 ở thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Cho đến nay, các bệnh nhân nhận tạng đều tiến triển tốt. Kết luận: thành công của trường hợp ghép tim từ nguồn hiến đa tạng, với sự điều phối của Trung tâm điều phối Ghép tạng Quốc gia, đã chứng tỏ hiệu quả của công tác điều phối hiến – ghép tạng ở Việt Nam cũng như năng lực làm chủ kỹ thuật ghép tạng, trong đó có ghép tim.
Smart City Waste Management through ICT and IoT driven Solution
Authors: Gade Dipak S. , Aithal P. S.
Published: May 2021

The growing population and mass relocation of citizens from urban and semi-urban areas to Smart Cities have resulted in exponential growth in Smart Cities and thereby certain challenges. One of the major challenges Smart Cities are facing is to control, manage and process waste generation on daily basis. Waste collection and processing at a wider scale is not an easy job. Growing population and resource constraints in waste management activities are the primary reasons which have made waste management a tough job. To deal with this challenging process, Smart Cities uses Smart Waste Management System. This paper has provided an overview of a typical Smart Waste Management system and a review of selected research papers on Smart Waste Management. We tried to identify areas of improvement with the existing Smart Waste Management Solutions and proposed an innovative solution called "iSmartWMS" for carrying out waste management specifically for Smart Cities. The paper has discussed in detail the architecture and building blocks of the proposed Smart Waste Management System, along with the details of software tools, sensors, and technologies proposed in iSmartWMS. The Paper has finally discussed results with respect to prototype implementation of iSmartWMS and also future plans to further improve the iSmartWMS smart waste management system.
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) in a 10 ½ Year Old Male Child
Authors: Dias Edwin
Published: May 2021

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive neurological disorder of
childhood and early adolescence, caused by persistent defective measles virus. A 10 ½ yearold male child with h/o having normal milestones till the age of 15 months had an episode of measles for which child was hospitalized. After one year he showed gradual deterioration of already attained milestones but continued regression of milestones noticed, presented to the department at 10½ years with h/o not getting up from the bed. Patients usually have behavioural changes, myoclonus, dementia, visual disturbances, and pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs and can cause death within 1-3 years of presentations. The diagnosis is based upon characteristic clinical manifestations, the presence of characteristic periodic EEG discharges, and demonstration of raised antibody titre against measles in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment for SSPE is being researched. A combination of oral Isoprinosine and intraventricular interferon alfa appears to be the best effective treatment. Patients responding to treatment need to receive it lifelong. At present effective measles vaccination is the only solution to SSPE.
Science and faith: Friendly allies, not hostile enemies
Authors: Lennox John
Published: May 2021

Contemporary science is a wonderfully collaborative activity. It knows no barriers of geography, race, or creed. At its best, it enables us to wrestle with the problems that beset humanity, and we rightly celebrate when an advance is made that brings relief to millions.
I have spent my life as a pure mathematician, and I often reflect on what physics Nobel Prize–winner Eugene Wigner called “the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics.” How is it that equations created in the head of a mathematician can relate to the universe outside that head? This question prompted Albert Einstein to say, “The only incomprehensible thing about the universe is that it is comprehensible.” The very fact that we believe that science can be done is a thing to be wondered at.
Approaching Genesis and science: Hermeneutical principles and a case study
Authors: Kofoed Jens Bruun
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the present paper/article is to discuss the hermeneutic principles used in reading ‘God’s two books,’ creation and Scripture, together. The first part of the paper outlines and recommends the hermeneutical principles and procedures used by Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) in the Copernican controversy conflict between the Church and (Christian) scientists on the right to interpret scripture and how to do this informed by science. In the second part of the paper these principles and procedures are applied to a case study on the apparent conflict between the doctrine on common descent in evolutionary biology and the traditional understanding of Adam and Eve as the sole progenitors of humankind. A recent attempt by Joshua Swamidass to synthesize mainstream evolutionary theory with a high-view interpretation of Scripture is commended for allowing the scientific consensus to prompt a reconsideration of the traditional ‘spinal cord reflex’ against evolutionary understandings of humankind’s descent among Evangelical scholars. For the same reason it is recommended that sandboxes for interpretative and hypothesizing experimentation are created in both the academy and the church in order for various syntheses between interpretations of Scripture and scientific theories to be discussed without inquisitorial strategies hindering a healthy and constructive debate.
How did sin enter the world? In dialogue with natural science
Authors: Innerdal Gunnar
Published: May 2021

This article suggests an answer to how sin entered the world if current natural science makes it unlikely that it happened in the way told in traditional narratives of Adam and Eve. After reviewing some current alternatives, I argue that the best available way is to understand sin as a contingent historical reality arising through a process connected to the evolutionary rise of human beings.
How to formulate the fine-tuning argument for the existence of God?
Authors: Søvik Atle Ottesen
Published: May 2021

This article argues that the fine-tuning argument for the existence of God should have the following characteristics:

- It should be clear and logically valid.
- It should contrast the God hypothesis with a chance hypothesis as opposed to a single naturalistic universe hypothesis.
- It should use the likelihood approach as opposed to ruling out alternatives.
- It should have a specific concept of God as a hypothesis as opposed to intention or design.
- It should have life-permittingness as opposed to fine-tuning as datum.

Different well-known formulations have different combinations of some of these characteristics, but I defend a new formulation, which has all the characteristics.
I dette nummer ...
Authors: Dahle Lars
Published: May 2021

Velkommen til den første ordinære utgaven av Theofilos som open access tidsskrift. Vi håper at mange av våre lesere har hatt utbytte av det innholdsrike temanummeret om «Science, Natural Theology, and Christian Apologetics». Det er nå en glede å kunne presentere et omfattende dobbeltnummer med bredde, dybde og aktualitet ...
Kierkegaards kommunikationsstrategi. Direkt–indirekt meddelelse och kristendomens hur
Authors: Bokedal Tomas
Published: May 2021

The article discusses two communicative strategies in the literary corpus of Kierkegaard, indirect communication and pedagogy pertaining to becoming a Christian. Four emphases are made: the importance of i) Point of View for viewing the authorship as a unity, ii) freedom for ethical-religious communication, iii) subjectivity and aspects of objectivity for epistemology, and iv) Climacus–Kierkegaard’s stress on the communication descriptor “direct–indirect.”
Profetiene om Donald Trump, USA og NAR-bevegelsen. En kritisk undersøkelse av profetier om Donald Trump, USA og Guds rike innen New Apostolic Reformation-bevegelsen
Authors: Teigen Arne Helge
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this article is to examine the development of charismatic prophecies about Donald Trump within the New Apostolic Reformation (NAR). NAR-Dominion Theology is outlined at the beginning of the article. By evaluating the writings of three NAR-prophets, the article demonstrates how their prophecies about Trump, the United States, and the Kingdom of God, end up in global American nationalism, combined with a political-like understanding of the Kingdom of God. The research reveals that NAR prophecies contain beliefs in Donald Trump as the US president who will enable NAR to establish the kingdom of God on earth in the present end time.
UGDYMO KARJERAI ĮGYVENDINIMAS GIMNAZIJOJE: LŪKESČIAI IR PROBLEMOS [IMPLEMENTATION OF CAREER EDUCATION IN GYMNASIUM: EXPECTATIONS AND PROBLEMS]
Authors: Vaitulionienė Renata , Augienė Dalia
Published: May 2021

The National Programme for the Development of Studies, Scientific Research and Experimental (Social and Cultural) Development for 2013–2022 claims that the society has become active, unanimous and lifelong learning, what is more, each person is open to changes, responsible and creative. The laws highlight that an educational institution has to ensure that every student attending it knows where, when and how to get the service of career education and vocational counselling.
The research aimed at revealing functions of education specialists working in five biggest municipalities in Marijampole county, as well as guiding the implementation of career education in gymnasiums within Marijampole region. In order to find education specialists‘ opinion, a structured interview was carried out. The research data revealed that the service of career education is available in educational institutions. However, according to the position of the respondents, the service is not adequate to satisfy students` needs. The service of career education is not consistent, furthermore, career education specialists do not have an opportunity to achieve high quality in service provision since it lacks adequate financial support.
Keywords: career education, specialist executive for career education, vocational counselling, vocational information.
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON LIFELONG LEARNING IN POLAND
Authors: Klim-Klimaszewska Anna
Published: May 2021

On 11-13 June 2018 at House of Creative Work "Reymontówka" in Chlewiska near Siedlce, XVI International Scientific Conference was organized by the Institute of Education of University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce.
This year's conference stayed under „Lifelong learning – the present and the future” motto. The conference was funded from the Minister's of Science and Higher Education, the wherewithal alloted to promulgating education – the number of indenture is 893/P-DUN/2018.
The conference co-organizers were: Faculty of Education of the University of Presov (Slovakia), Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology of the University of Bialystok (Poland), International Higher Education Academy of Sciences in Moscow (Russia), Siedlce Scientific Society in Siedlce (Poland), Polish Committee World Organisation for Early Childhood Education and Care OMEP (Organisation Mondiale pour l’Education Préscolaire).
The conference was held under the auspices of the Rector of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce prof. dr hab. Tamara Zacharuk and Vice-Rector for Science, Art, Sport and Accreditation of the University of Presov prof. PhDr. Milan Portik, PhD.
LAUKO EDUKACINĖS ERDVĖS: IDĖJOS IR NAUJOS UGDYMO GALIMYBĖS [OUTDOOR EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS: IDEAS AND NEW EDUCATIONAL POSSIBILITIES]
Authors: Makarskaitė-Petkevičienė Rita
Published: May 2021

Educational environments – both natural, and internal, and virtual, digital – help to implement education content, motivate education process participants. Lithuanian students’ non-formal education centre has been working purposefully for eight years seeking for the outburst in the country schools creating educational environments and using them for educational needs.
In this article impressions and discoveries are generalised, experienced participating in the national evaluation commission work of the Republic school educational environment contest of 2018 and recommendations are presented for the school outdoor educational environment creation and activity development. Corresponding to the aim, it was sought to answer the following questions: 1) Why is Republic school educational environment contest so important and what is its mission? 2) What are the tendencies of fostering and use of Lithuanian school outdoor educational environments for education? 3) What should be recommended for schools, willing to maximally use outdoor educational environments for educational purposes?
Positive 33 school experience is discussed, creating outdoor educational environments and applying them for education. It is examined, why it is useful to have an outdoor educational environment plan; why outdoor classes are necessary and what they could be; what environments meant for games, languages, artistic education the researched schools have established; how outdoor educational environments are used for natural science education and so on. It is discussed, what else the visited schools lack in outdoor educational environments, how one should supplement them. Recommendations are given, what direction school communities should go, so that outdoor educational environments are maximally employed in the child’s education.
Keywords: educational environments, educational needs, comprehensive school.
Prazeres e sensações do ato erótico no poema O Chão é Cama, de Carlos Drummond de Andrade
Authors: SANTOS Ronaldo Gomes dos , SILVA Joelma Correia da , BRITO Amanda Ramalho de Freitas
Published: May 2021

Para pensar o erotismo na literatura brasileira, é necessário entender o texto erótico como metáfora da sexualidade esboçada no gozo da palavra. Segundo Durigan (1985) no texto erótico o leitor apreende um conhecimento sobre o prazer, o que demonstra o texto erótico como uma representação de formas de prazeres e sensações. Por isso, entendemos o erotismo como sendo a busca psicológica da realização das fantasias, o que pode ser definido ainda como sexualidade transfigurada pelas imaginações e pelo desejo, sendo o impulso sexual uma tentativa de buscar a realização das fantasias psicológicas presentes nos desejos sexuais transfigurados pelas imaginações de uma personagem, ou de eu-lírico. Para Nascimento (2003) a relação entre erotismo e poesia se estabelece da seguinte maneira: o erotismo é uma metáfora da sensualidade, em que o sexo como protagonista do ato erótico adquire representações que reverberam aspectos da vida e das experiências interior do homem. Partindo dessas discussões, nosso intuito é analisar a construção do erotismo como representação do amor e dos desejos na forma poética de O chão é cama, de Carlos Drummond de Andrade. Toda essa erotização do poema remete imediatamente a uma desinibição do eu-lírico diante das delícias que atraem o corpo para o ato erótico, uma forma de incorporar como ato de vida as sensações sexuais, ou também para satisfazer os desejos irrealizáveis do próprio “eu”. Mostrando um discurso da necessidade de ser rápido para urgência no amor, isso se caracteriza também no tamanho do poema. A necessidade de concretizar o ato leva a lugares improvisados, nos deixando imaginar em um desejo incontrolável. Um detalhado encontro carnal onde se concretiza o desejo.  E logo após o ato e exaustos do gozo vão procurar repouso na cama. Quando o poeta fala de amor natural, ele descreve o erotismo em forma de desejo e concretude do impulso amoroso entre os amantes, ou seja, um ritual amoroso entre duas pessoas. Uma presença marcante do erotismo físico, que está ligado aos dois sexos. Uma das características principais é a forma que se organiza o masculino e o feminino, não há a presença destorcida dos sexos. Quando suas almas desejam a renovação da essência das relações sexuais, desejando ardentemente encontrar o verdadeiro amor. Cada um dos sexos busca o outro com a única esperança de conseguir a maior satisfação possível de prazeres espirituais e físicos para si, ou como aponta Bataille (1987) a própria recorrência da continuidade.  Cada um utiliza o corpo como simples instrumentos para concretude desse ato. É a habilidade de sentir o próprio corpo e ser capaz de controlar suas reações de maneira a obter maior prazer e felicidade, contrariando as interdições.
O PIBID E SUA CONTRIBUIÇÃO NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE
Authors: Alves Tamires Rayane da Silva , Magalhães Isabelle Cristina Santos Magalhães , Paiva Isabelle Maria Magalhães , Ferro Jaqueline dos Santos , Barros Rubens Pessoa de , Costa Josefa Betânia Vilela
Published: May 2021

O Projeto Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência – PIBID de Biologia vem promovendo a participação e o envolvimento das discentes do subprojeto já referido, no que diz respeito à iniciação à docência. O trabalho realizado por bolsistas do PIBID/BIOLOGIA/UNEAL tem como objetivo relatar a importância de uma interversão sobre hábitos higiênicos realizado em duas escolas de ensino público situadas na cidade de Arapiraca-AL. Trata-se de um relato de experiência de bolsistas do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência – PIBID do curso de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Estadual de Alagoas, sobre uma intervenção com o tema “Hábitos Higiênicos”, realizada em duas Escolas de Ensino Fundamental do município de Arapiraca – AL. Na Escola de Ensino Fundamental 31 de Março foram contemplados os alunos de duas turmas de 8º ano e duas turmas de 9º ano. Já na Escola de Ensino Fundamental Governador Divaldo Suruagy foi uma turma de 6º ano e duas turmas de 7º ano. Ambas as turmas do turno matutino. O projeto hábitos de higiene procurou instigar nos alunos a importância de se ter uma boa higienização. A utilização de cartazes, práticas e jogos, para esse ensino foi escolhida por esse tipo de recurso apresentar diversos benefícios para aprendizagem infantil. O projeto teve resultados positivos, pois durante a realização as crianças aprenderam a dar mais valor à higienização pessoal, podendo levar o conhecimento adquirido ao ambiente familiar e colegas, agindo assim como agentes multiplicadores.
DAS TENSÕES AO DESEJO: TRAÇOS DO TROVADORISMO EM SONHEI-TE, DE GILKA MACHADO
Authors: Da Silva Luiz Felipe Verçosa
Published: May 2021

A fluminense Gilka Machado (1893-1980) foi uma das pioneiras no processo de reconhecimento de uma identidade feminina dentro das produções literárias brasileiras, uma vez que procurou bravamente, nos signos líricos, desnudar o corpo atuante da mulher em suas configurações mais internas, considerando as contorções do sentimento feminino como marca de diferença da palavra poética e da voz que fala a partir de um corpo desejante, traduzido por inquietações da libido feminina que rompe com os paradigmas impostos socialmente à mulher. Construção crítica presente em toda obra da autora, como evidenciado no livro Mulher Nua (1922), em que surge a itinerância do desejo. Partindo dessa discussão, procura-se investigar neste trabalho traços da lírica provençal no processo de revestimento das tensões amorosas como traço poético de Machado, no que diz respeito às sugestões sentimentais do poema Sonhei-te, presente na antologia Os mais belos sonetos que o amor inspirou (1963), do poeta acreano J.G. de Araujo Jorge. Para a ambientação dessas abordagens e subsídios que ratifiquem os objetivos e os resultados obtidos no respectivo trabalho, fundamentar-se-á as pesquisas com as contribuições científicas de Moisés (2013), Bosi (1977), Gonçalves (2012), Cara (1989) e entre outros.
Como efetivar a tutela e a proteção da mulher frente à criação de novas legislações protecionistas?
Authors: Santos Victória Maria Melo dos , Cavalcante Mariana Tereza Cézar , Rocha Márcio Oliveira
Published: May 2021

A violência contra a mulher consiste em um grave problema que deve ser debatido e enfrentado principalmente pelos órgãos governamentais e pela sociedade. Embora atualmente existam leis e programas que defendam os direitos das mulheres, os índices de violência não diminuem significativamente, ou seja, há muito mais a ser feito. O presente trabalho tem o intuito de apontar a escassa aplicação de políticas públicas em prol do combate à violência contra a mulher, bem como esclarecer a ineficácia do atendimento humanizado às vítimas de importunação sexual. Outrossim, diante das diversas leis existentes, é necessário compreender porque as mesmas não são suficientes para combater o tipo de violência supramencionado. Do mesmo modo, é importante entender como funcionam, quais os problemas no momento de atuar na sociedade e, principalmente, identificar quais suas limitações e os erros cometidos. A problemática da importunação sexual tem se tornado um dos temas mais debatidos contemporaneamente, havendo maiores preocupações na criação de leis e na implementação de políticas públicas de amparo e assistência à mulher vítima. Ante o exposto, esse trabalho tem a pretensão de contribuir com a divulgação e a acessibilidade de informações para a população acerca dos meios de recorrer às medidas de prevenção, combate e amparo às vítimas de importunação sexual, bem como sanar dúvidas sobre o que é necessário para obter o devido atendimento pelos órgãos responsáveis.
O papel do controle interno na gestão municipal
Authors: Saraiva dos Santos José , Candido da Silva Isac
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo aborda a temática do controle interno como instrumento de gestão na Administração Pública Municipal, tendo como objetivo geral verificar quais devem ser os mecanismos de controle adotados em uma administração municipal, observando a importância e limitações no processo de gestão. Objetivou-se identificar como é feito o controle interno na gestão municipal, discutir qual a real necessidade da implantação do Sistema de Controle Interno, evidenciar o Controle Interno como instrumento de gestão, e eficiência dos gastos públicos. Para obtenção de tais resultados, foi realizada uma abordagem da Administração Pública e Controle Interno, citando aspectos cronológicos, histórico, os tipos de controle, bem como os princípios que norteiam o controle, adentrando na sequência ao Sistema de Controle Interno. A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, todo material didático pesquisado inferiu-se que, o controle interno bem aplicado, através do Sistema de Controle Interno, auxilia o processo de fiscalização da gestão municipal, constituindo-se em um instrumento de apoio aos gestores para se buscar a melhoria da qualidade dos serviços prestados e contribuir para uma gestão pública mais eficiente
Concomitant laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a morbidly obese patient with situs inversus totalis
Authors: Yigit Volkan , Binnetoglu Kenan , Dincer Mürşit
Published: May 2021

Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare congenital condition in which the major visceral organs within the thorax and abdomen are reversed from their normal positions. Its incidence is 1 in 10 000–50 000 of the population [1]. It presents difficulties in laparoscopic surgery, because of the mirror-image anatomy. Laparoscopic surgical treatments of some conditions in patients with situs inversus totalis such as acute appendicitis, cholelithiasis, and morbid obesity have been previously reported [2–4].
Stability of spectrofluorimetric spectra
of hematoporphyrin–serum albumin complexes:
in vitro study
Authors: Sułkowski Leszek , Matyja Andrzej , Osuch Czesław , Matyja Maciej
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Hematoporphyrin is a photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy of various malignant diseases. It is carried to the cancer tissue by serum albumins. Spectrofluorimetric spectra of hematoporphyrin–serum albumin complexes were examined in vitro.

Material and methods

The chemicals were: hematoporphyrin, human serum albumin and bovine serum albumin. The spectra were recorded on a Kontron SFM-25 Instrument AG at two excitation wavelengths: ex = 280 nm and ex = 295 nm. The spectra of hematoporphyrin 1.5 × 10–5 M as well as spectra of complexes of hematoporphyrin–human serum albumin (1.5 × 10–5 M Hp – 1.25 × 10–6 M HSA) and hematoporphyrin–bovine serum albumin (1.5 × 10–5 M Hp – 3.5 × 10–7 M BSA) were recorded repetitively for 8 days and compared to the initial spectrum.

Results

Formation of a complex with human serum albumin extends the stability of the hematoporphyrin spectrum. This extension is greater at excitation ex = 295 nm. Different stability of complexes with bovine and human serum albumins most likely does not result from an actual lower stability of bovine serum albumin complexes, but from the fact that dissimilarity in the structure of both albumins enables additional spectroscopic observations within subdomain IB in the bovine serum albumin molecule.

Conclusions

Spectrofluorimetric spectra are stable longer when hematoporphyrin forms a complex with human serum albumin. The present data may be important for understanding the mechanism of hematoporphyrin transportation to the target cancer tissue and effectiveness of photodynamic therapy.
Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders
of patients from countries with low to middle income: a retrospective observational study in a Swiss emergency department
Authors: Doulberis Michael , Kiosses Christos , Papaefthymiou Apostolis , Kountouras Jannis , I. Gelasakis Athanasios , A. Polyzos Stergios , Klukowska-Rötzler Jolanta , Srivastava Simone , K. Exadaktylos Aristomenis , S. Srivastava David
Published: May 2021

Introduction

The composition of Europe has changed drastically in recent decades, and a major contributing factor is the increasing wave of migrants and refugees from countries with low and middle income (LMIC). Switzerland’s resident foreigners make up about a quarter of its citizens. Gastrointestinal (GI)-hepatobiliary pathologies seen in emergency departments include a wide spectrum of interesting conditions, some of which are potentially fatal. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze all records of adult patients from LMIC admitted to the emergency department (ED) of Bern University Hospital with alleged symptoms of the GI and hepatobiliary systems.

Material and methods

An observational retrospective study was conducted in a single center from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2016 in LMIC adults who presented at the ED of Bern University with GI-hepatobiliary problems.

Results

After reviewing a total of 10,308 cases, 176 cases were found to have GI and hepatobiliary problems. Thirty-six percent (n = 63) of the urgent problems of LMIC patients were hepatobiliary disorders, and acute pancreatitis was the commonest disorder (n = 30, 17%). Female patients were 5.14 times more prone to cholecystolithiasis (gallstones) than male patients (p < 0.01). Likelihood of cholecystolithiasis was significantly higher for European than non-European patients (p < 0.05). Moreover, with increasing age there was an annual 6.0% decrease in likelihood of appendicitis (p < 0.01). Liver cirrhosis was also commoner in non-European patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first analytical study of the epidemiological aspects of patients from LMIC who presented to a Swiss ED with GI-hepatobiliary problems. Validation from larger studies is warranted to reveal the actual burden of disease.
Have malignancy rates increased in thyroidectomy cases?
Authors: Hakan Kanat Burhan , Çay Ferhat , Kutluer Nizamettin , Aksoy Nurullah , Buğra Bozan Mehmet , Arslan Solmaz Özgen , Karaca Karagöz Zuhal , İrtegün Sinan , Aydın Yusuf
Published: May 2021

Introduction

This study aims to review thyroidectomy cases performed by a single surgeon in a single centre during the course of 1 year, to determine if the malignancy rate increased, and to compare the results with the literature.

Material and methods

We retrospectively evaluated data of patients who underwent thyroidectomy between August 2018 and August 2019 in the General Surgery Clinic of our hospital. The malignancy rate was calculated and analysed according to the demographic data of the patients (gender and age), preoperative thyroid nodule sizes, and postoperative pathological mass sizes. Also, age, preoperative nodule size, and tumour size were all evaluated according to gender.

Results

There were a total of 60 patients (14 (23%) male and 46 (77%) female). The pathology result revealed 16 (26.7%) malignant and 44 (73.3%) benign biopsies. The mean age was 46.72 ±12.08 years (20–74). We found that age, preoperative nodule size (cm), pathological tumour size (cm), and thyroid function tests were not significantly associated with malignancy. However, when age, preoperative nodule size, and tumour sizes were evaluated according to gender, it was found that tumour sizes were significantly larger in men than in women (p < 0.001). In addition, the mean age of male patients was higher than that of women (p = 0.025).

Conclusions

The malignancy rate has increased in the thyroidectomies performed in our centre. This finding is consistent with relevant studies from the last 30 years. Therefore, it is likely that clinicians will continue to handle an increased number of thyroid malignancies.
Euthymia: a neglected aspect of trait depression and its role in predicting subjective well-being
Authors: Bąk Wacław , Łysiak Małgorzata
Published: May 2021

Background

Besides its relationship with clinical depression, depressiveness may be conceptualized as a personality trait that includes dys-thymia (negative emotional experiences) and euthymia (positive emotional experiences). Euthymia, when reverse scored, makes the construct of trait depression more sensitive to milder levels of depressiveness observed in non-clinical samples. We hypoth-esised that euthymia is a more important predictor of subjective well-being than dysthymia and this effect is retained when basic positive and negative affect are controlled.

Participants and procedure

Participants were 213 adults (56% females) aged between 19 and 61 (M = 35.85, SD = 11.30). They completed self-report measures of: (a) euthymia and dysthymia as two facets of trait depression, (b) satisfaction with life, and (c) positive and negative affect.

Results

The results showed that positive affect and euthymia contributed independently to explaining the variance of satisfaction with life, but the predictive role of euthymia was stronger. In contrast, dysthymia turned out not to predict satisfaction with life when controlled for basic affect and euthymia.

Conclusions

Theoretical implications of the results are discussed with their applications for counselling and clinical practice. We point to the need of monitoring the level of euthymia in the prevention programmes against depression, which is in line with the well-established role of positive interventions in psychotherapy and counselling.
Restoring and preserving capacity of self-affirmation for well-being in Indian adults with non-clinical depressive tendencies
Authors: Pandey Ruchi , Tiwari Gyanesh , Rai Pramod
Published: May 2021

Background

Although self-affirmation has been reported to enhance well-being and other positive life outcomes in normal adults, little is known about its capacity to restore and preserve well-being in adults with depressive tendencies. The current study attempts to expound the restoring and preserving capacity of self-affirmation for well-being in Indian adults with non-clinical depressive tendencies.

Participants and procedure

The study used a sequential research design. Eighty participants (22-27 years) with depressive tendencies were chosen through purposive sampling and were randomly assigned equally to the experimental and control conditions. Their depressive tendencies and well-being were measured through standard scales at three intervals: pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up.

Results

The study used a sequential research design. Eighty participants (22-27 years) with depressive tendencies were chosen through purposive sampling and were randomly assigned equally to the experimental and control conditions. Their depressive tendencies and well-being were measured through standard scales at three intervals: pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up.

Conclusions

The findings showed that self-affirmation helps to restore well-being as well as preserve it after a significant gap, which is evi-dent in higher well-being mean scores of the experimental group taken at post-intervention and follow-up intervals. The positive effects of self-affirmation on well-being may have remained active even after the cessation of the intervention due to the underly-ing mechanisms of enhanced self-worth, positive values, inner strengths, positive attributions and interpersonal relationships.
Assessment of the histrionic self-presentation style:
initial validation of the Polish version
of the As-If-Scale
Authors: Fanslau Agnieszka , Jurek Paweł , Renner Karl-Heinz
Published: May 2021

Background

The main research objective was to translate and evaluate the Polish version of the As-If-Scale (AIS) as well as to test the measurement invariance of the Polish and the original (German) versions of the tool, and to analyze the differ-ences in histrionic self-presentation style among Poles and Germans. The AIS consists of 8 items for the subjective assessment of the histrionic self-presentation style which involves behaviors such as playing roles, imitating people or even engaging others in performing small role-plays, and is seen as an individual difference phenomenon.

Participants and procedure

The psychometric properties of the Polish version were tested in two samples with a total of 762 participants.

Results

The article presents the factor structure and reliability of the scale. In addition, the AIS was correlated with measures of the Big Five personality traits, pragmatism and gelotophobia to provide initial validation. Measurement invariance was tested using data collected in this study (Polish sample) and existing and previously published data (German sample).

Conclusions

Overall, the results provide support for the reliability of the scale as its properties are similar to those of the German version. The findings also allow one to make broader cross-cultural comparisons of the histrionic self-presentation style, which includes various types of behavior and is often associated with humor.
State-in-Society 2.0: Toward Fourth-Generation Theories of the State
Authors: Wang Yuhua
Published: May 2021

I characterize modern social scientific studies of the state as comprising three generations: society-centered, state-centered, and the state-in-society approach. I then discuss how recent books by James Scott, David Stasavage, and Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson advance the literature
by taking the entire history of human political development into account. Lastly, I build on recent contributions in the field to propose what I call a "State-in-Society 2.0" framework, in which state-society linkages through elite social networks shape the strength and form of the state.
The framework provides a potentially promising analytical perspective that sheds new light on the "meso-temporal" dynamics that link broad historical trends in state-society relations with state development outcomes in a variety of cases.
Integración real y grupos centroamericanos de poder económico. Implicaciones para la democracia y el desarrollo regional
Authors: Segovia Alexander
Published: May 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 61, No. 691-692, 2006: 517-582.
Las opiniones que hacen la diferencia
Authors: Opinión Pública (IUDOP) Instituto Universitario de
Published: May 2021

No abtract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 61, No. 691-692, 2006: 583-591.
El segundo año de gobierno del presidente Saca
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: May 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 61, No. 691-692, 2006: 592-596.
Mayo-junio - 2006
Authors: Editor El
Published: May 2021

No abstract available. 
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 61, No. 691-692, 2006: 597-609.
Justicia constitucional, justicia ordinaria, trabajo legislativo
Authors: Gómez Pineda Carlos Emilio
Published: May 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 61, No. 691-692, 2006: 611-623.
Effects of collaborative management of shared natural resources on inter-state relations in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Leonard Waithaka Edward , Kellen Wanjiku Waweru , David Nzioka Mutisya
Published: May 2021

The management of shared natural resources by Horn of Africa states exerts both positive and negative effects on inter-state relations in the region. On one hand, inability to collaboratively manage these resources for the common good of all states involved risks a trigger to interstate conflict in the region. Conversely, effective and collaborative management of these shared natural resources can provide good avenues for these states to cement their relations for the common good of all parties involved. In line with each state’s national interests, huge amounts of capital are spent to develop and protect the resources in the Horn of Africa region. However due to lack of clearly defined policies and inadequate management strategies these resources have been mismanaged and as a result led to conflict, food shortages and environmental problems. The search for aid constantly puts the states in a dilemma, over how to benefit from the resources, creating mistrust among the nations. As a result, numerous effects of these shared resources get to emerge, affecting the interstate relations what could be identified to be the ‘tragedy of the commons.
O FEMINISMO E SUAS VOZES OCULTADAS
Authors: Lima Glenda Roberta Mendes de , Silva Meirilane Xavier da
Published: May 2021

Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo geral identificar na literatura a história do movimento feminista e as histórias que, não foram contadas durante o movimento. O objetivo específico desse estudo é analisar na literatura os desafios das mulheres negras no movimento feminista da época, pelo fato de não serem aceitas pelas feministas brancas de classe média alta. Foi aplicado um estudo de revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados do livro: Pode o subalterno falar?  (ALMEIDA, 2014). Feminismo, (JENAINATI E GROVES, 2020), O que é lugar de fala. (RIBEIRO, 2017). A pesquisa foi realizada no período de fevereiro de 2021. Utilizando- se os descritores e o cruzamento das palavras- chaves para facilitar a busca dos dados. A pesquisa passou por três etapas: 1- leitura dos títulos, 2- leitura dos resumos dos textos, 3- leitura na íntegra. A análise de dados foi através de fichamento. O estudo identificou que o movimento feminista não atendia as necessidades das mulheres negras, assim, elas não tinham voz no movimento por não serem consideradas importantes para o movimento.
Correction to Riberio (2021)
Authors: Creagh Tracy
Published: May 2021

The article The Quantification of Law: Counting, Predicting, and Valuating by Rafael Viana Ribeiro (Law, Technology and Humans, 3, no 1 (2021): 51-67. https://doi.org/10.5204/lthj.1603) was published on March 2, 2021. The author name has been changed at the request of the author. This corrected version of the article can be found at https://doi.org/10.5204/lthj.1966
The Quantification of Law: Counting, Predicting, and Valuating
Authors: Viana Ribeiro Alice Granada
Published: May 2021

Legal reasoning is increasingly quantified. Developers in the market and public institutions in the legal system are making use of massive databases of court opinions and other legal communications to craft algorithms to assess the effectiveness of legal arguments or predict court judgments; tasks that were once seen as the exclusive province of seasoned lawyers’ obscure knowledge. New legal technologies promise to search heaps of documents for useful evidence, and to analyze dozens of factors to quantify a lawsuit’s odds of success. Legal quantification initiatives depend on the availability of reliable data about the past behavior of courts that institutional actors have attempted to control. The development of initiatives in legal quantification is visible as public bodies craft their own tools for internal use and access by the public, and private companies create new ways to valorize the “raw data” provided by courts and lawyers by generating information useful to the strategies of legal professionals, as well as to the investors that re-valorize legal activity by securitizing legal risk through litigation funding.
 
The article The Quantification of Law: Counting, Predicting, and Valuating by Rafael Viana Ribeiro (Law, Technology and Humans, 3, no 1 (2021): 51-67. https://doi.org/10.5204/lthj.1603) was originally published on March 2, 2021. The author name has been changed at the request of the author. The correction notice can be found at https://doi.org/10.5204/lthj.1965
¿Infografías en los reportajes en vídeo 360º? La integración de la visualización de la información en entornos esféricos
Authors: Pérez-Seijo Sara , Vizoso Ángel
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se analiza cómo los medios de comunicación integran infografías en los reportajes en vídeo 360º. Para ello, se presenta un análisis de caso de cuatro piezas: Fukushima, vidas contaminadas (El País), The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima (The New York Times), History 360° – Hamburg (ZDF) y From Waste to Taste (Al Jazeera). Mediante el análisis de contenido, se estudian sus principales rasgos formales, las opciones de interacción y los elementos gráficos de las infografías.  Los resultados permiten comprobar la existencia de diferentes formas de integrar la infografía en los vídeos 360º, así como también evidencian que estas pueden cumplir diversas funciones dentro del relato. Sin embargo, se constata la ausencia de posibilidades de navegación interactiva, más allá de la visión 360º. En definitiva, se concluye que la “infografía inmersiva” se encuentra en una fase temprana de desarrollo en la que todavía no se ha explotado todo su potencial.