bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Monoclonal Antibody Involvement in Targeting the Activation of Tumor Suppressor Genes
Authors: Mishra Rakesh Kumar , Ahmad Anas , Vyawahare Akshay , Kumar Ajay , Khan Rehan
Published: June 2020

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have always provided outstanding therapeutic arsenal in the
treatment of cancer, be it hematological malignancies or solid tumors. Monoclonal antibodies mediated
targeting of cancer genes in general and tumor-suppressor genes, in particular, have appreciably allowed
the possibilities of trafficking these antibodies to specific tumor mechanisms and aim for the pin-point
maneuvered tumor treatment strategies. The conventional cancer treatment options are associated with
enormous limitations like drug resistance, acute and pan-toxic side effects and collateral damage to other
unrelated cells and organs. Therefore, monoclonal antibody-mediated treatments have some special advantages
of specific targeting of cancer-related genes and minimizing the off-target side effects. A large
number of monoclonal antibody-mediated treatment regimen viz. use of immunoconjugates, clinically
targeting TGFβ with pan-TGFβ monoclonal antibodies, p53 by its monoclonal antibodies and EGFRtargeted
monoclonal antibodies, etc. have been observed in the recent past. In this review, the authors
have discussed some of the significant advances in the context of targeting tumor suppressor genes with
monoclonal antibodies. Approximately 250 articles were scanned from research databases like PubMed
central, Europe PubMed Central and google scholar up to the date of inception, and relevant reports on
monoclonal antibody-mediated targeting of cancer genes were selected. mAb mediated targeting of tumor
suppressor genes is a recent grey paradigm, which has not been explored up to its maximum potential.
Therefore, this review will be of appreciable significance that it will boost further in-depth understanding
of various aspects of mAb arbitrated cancer targeting and will warrant and promote further rigorous
research initiatives in this regard. The authors expect that this review will acquaint the readers
with the current status regarding the recent progress in the domain of mAbs and their employability and
targetability towards tumor suppressor genes in anti-cancer therapeutics.
Association Between a Functional Polymorphism in the Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) Gene and Both Emotional Coping Style and Neuroticism
Authors: Forero Diego A. , Adan Ana , Lopez-Leon Sandra
Published: June 2020

Background:

Identification of novel genetic factors for Depressive Disorders (DD) represents a major challenge around the world. Molecular studies of endophenotypes associated with DD, such as personality traits and coping, are powerful strategies for finding genetic markers.

Objective:

The main objective of this work was to confirm the potential relationship between a functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene and scores in coping and neuroticism in young adults.

Methods:

A Colombian sample of two hundred fifty-one young participants was evaluated with the short forms of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS-SF) and the Big Five Inventory (BFI-S). Genotypes for MAOA-VNTR polymorphism were obtained by PCR.

Results:

A significant relationship between the functional MAOA-VNTR polymorphism and scores in both emotion-oriented coping and neuroticism was found. Individuals carrying the 4 allele (3/4 or 4/4 genotypes) had higher scores for both emotion-oriented coping and neuroticism than individuals with a 3/3 genotype.

Conclusion:

Our current findings are novel in terms of being the first report of a relationship between a functional polymorphism in the MAOA gene and coping and add evidence to the association of this gene with neuroticism. Our results expand the associations between MAOA gene and multiple dimensions of human emotion and personality.
Clinical and Biochemical Evaluation of the Effect of Diode Laser Treatment Compared to the Non-surgical and Surgical Treatment of Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Sopi Mirlinda , Koçani Ferit , Bardhoshi Merita , Meqa Kastriot
Published: June 2020

Background:

Periodontal therapy consists of eliminating the inflammation, treating periodontal pockets, motivating the patient for oral hygiene, and, if necessary, for surgical treatment. Recently, the application of a diode laser is widely being investigated for periodontal disease treatment.

Objective:

The analysis and evaluation of the clinical and biochemical impact of diode laser periodontal treatment, compared to either surgical or non-surgical, therapy, was the aim of this study.

Methods:

The study involved 80 patients older than 18 with at least 20 teeth. Evaluation of periodontal parameters was done conveniently on a single-rooted tooth (incisive, canine, premolar) on six surfaces, before the start of periodontal therapy, and after three, and six months. The laser used in the study was a diode laser with a wavelength of 980 nm. Digital X-rays were taken for bone level evaluation before and after the treatment. The presence of a bone destruction mediator (Matrix metalloproteinase-8 - MMP-8) was evaluated by the dipstick immunoassay test. Biochemical analysis and radiographic measurements were evaluated at the baseline and six months after the treatment. The statistical analysis included χ2-test and one-way ANOVA.

Results:

The results of this study showed that diode laser treatment was more effective in reducing periodontal clinical parameters, lowering MMP-8 levels and reducing the bone loss, compared to the group treated with scaling and root planning, or with a surgical approach.

Conclusion:

Diode laser may be considered as an effective alternative for periodontal treatment, with benefits in clinical and biochemical parameters.
Error-aware Design Procedure to Implement Energy-efficient Approximate Squaring Hardware
Authors: Loukrakpam Merin , Singh Ch. Lison , Choudhury Madhuchhanda
Published: June 2020

Background::

In recent years, there has been a high demand for executing digital signal
processing and machine learning applications on energy-constrained devices. Squaring is a vital arithmetic
operation used in such applications. Hence, improving the energy efficiency of squaring is crucial.

Objective::

In this paper, a novel approximation method based on piecewise linear segmentation of the
square function is proposed.

Methods:

Two-segment, four-segment and eight-segment accurate and energy-efficient 32-bit approximate
designs for squaring were implemented using this method. The proposed 2-segment approximate
squaring hardware showed 12.5% maximum relative error and delivered up to 55.6% energy saving when
compared with state-of-the-art approximate multipliers used for squaring.

Results:

The proposed 4-segment hardware achieved a maximum relative error of 3.13% with up to 46.5%
energy saving.

Conclusion::

The proposed 8-segment design emerged as the most accurate squaring hardware with a
maximum relative error of 0.78%. The comparison also revealed that the 8-segment design is the most
efficient design in terms of error-area-delay-power product.
Development of Green and Clean Processes for Perfumes and Flavors Using Heterogeneous Chemical Catalysis
Authors: Malkar Radhika S. , Yadav Ganapati D.
Published: June 2020

Background:

In this review, different heterogeneous catalysts based on acid, base, metal
and enzymes are discussed for the synthesis of industrially relevant perfumes and flavor compounds.
These molecules are mainly produced by a variety of reaction pathways such as esterification, isomerization,
hydration, alkylation, hydrogenation, oxidation, etc. All these reactions are discussed thoroughly
for the synthesis of vital aromatic compounds. The review also summarizes various recent
technologies applied for designing new catalysts to obtain the maximum yield of the desired product.
Overall, this review highlights the green, clean and eco-friendly processes which can be industrially
accepted for the synthesis of perfumes, flavors and fragrances.

Objective:

The objective of the current review was to emphasize on the synthesis of industrially important
perfumes and flavor molecules such as α-terpineol, cyclohexyl esters, thymol, raspberry ketone,
etc. using heterogeneous catalysts.

Results:

Three hundred and eight papers are reported in this review, the majority of which are on heterogeneous
catalysis for the synthesis of molecules which impart flavor or possess perfumery characteristics.
Among all, the preparation of esters is highlighted as they represent an imperative functional
group in aroma chemicals.

Conclusion:

The review confirms the need for heterogeneous catalysis in pollution-free and costeffective
synthesis of flavor and perfumery compounds.
Transitioning from Child and Adolescent to Adult Psychiatric Care: Improving Outcomes after University Matriculation
Authors: D’Amelio Giuseppe , Gold Jessica A.
Published: June 2020

The transition from pediatric to adult psychiatric care is not well coordinated. Transitional
age youths who are going to college for the first time experience a number of concomitant stressors,
which make the transition of psychiatric care even more difficult. Given the burden of psychiatric illness
in college students and the limited resources available, more investigation into feasible means of
coordinating care needs to occur. Particularly as individuals with mental illness are most likely to experience
lapses in care during this transition and have worse outcomes, being more likely to drop out
of college.
Sustainable Synthetic Approaches Involving Thiocyanation and Sulfur- Cyanation: An Update
Authors: Gulea Mihaela , Donnard Morgan
Published: June 2020

This review highlights the achievements in the synthesis of organic thiocyanates (OTCs)
over the past five years (late 2015 to mid-2019) and is intended as a follow-up on our tutorial review
published in Chemical Society Reviews in 2016. The discussion places a special emphasis on sustainable
synthetic approaches involving thiocyanation or sulfur-cyanation. The large number of contributions
within this short period of time clearly indicates that the chemistry of OTCs provides a growing
interest and a rapid evolution.
Understanding Drug Repurposing From the Perspective of Biomedical Entities and Their Evolution: Bibliographic Research Using Aspirin (Preprint)
Authors: Li Xin , Rousseau Justin F. , Ding Ying , Song Min , Lu Wei
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Drug development is still a costly and time-consuming process with a low rate of success. Drug repurposing (DR) has attracted significant attention because of its significant advantages over traditional approaches in terms of development time, cost, and safety. Entitymetrics, defined as bibliometric indicators based on biomedical entities (eg, diseases, drugs, and genes) studied in the biomedical literature, make it possible for researchers to measure knowledge evolution and the transfer of drug research.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to understand DR from the perspective of biomedical entities (diseases, drugs, and genes) and their evolution.

METHODS

In the work reported in this paper, we extended the bibliometric indicators of biomedical entities mentioned in PubMed to detect potential patterns of biomedical entities in various phases of drug research and investigate the factors driving DR. We used aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) as the subject of the study since it can be repurposed for many applications. We propose 4 easy, transparent measures based on entitymetrics to investigate DR for aspirin: Popularity Index (P1), Promising Index (P2), Prestige Index (P3), and Collaboration Index (CI).

RESULTS

We found that the maxima of P1, P3, and CI are closely associated with the different repurposing phases of aspirin. These metrics enabled us to observe the way in which biomedical entities interacted with the drug during the various phases of DR and to analyze the potential driving factors for DR at the entity level. P1 and CI were indicative of the dynamic trends of a specific biomedical entity over a long time period, while P2 was more sensitive to immediate changes. P3 reflected the early signs of the practical value of biomedical entities and could be valuable for tracking the research frontiers of a drug.

CONCLUSIONS

In-depth studies of side effects and mechanisms, fierce market competition, and advanced life science technologies are driving factors for DR. This study showcases the way in which researchers can examine the evolution of DR using entitymetrics, an approach that can be valuable for enhancing decision making in the field of drug discovery and development.
End-to-End Models to Imitate Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Differentiation in Lung Cancer Diagnosis: Model Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Ziqing , He Haiyang , Yan Shixing , Wang Yong , Yang Tao , Li Guo-Zheng
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to be an efficient mode to manage advanced lung cancer, and accurate syndrome differentiation is crucial to treatment. Documented evidence of TCM treatment cases and the progress of artificial intelligence technology are enabling the development of intelligent TCM syndrome differentiation models. This is expected to expand the benefits of TCM to lung cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this work was to establish end-to-end TCM diagnostic models to imitate lung cancer syndrome differentiation. The proposed models used unstructured medical records as inputs to capitalize on data collected for practical TCM treatment cases by lung cancer experts. The resulting models were expected to be more efficient than approaches that leverage structured TCM datasets.

METHODS

We approached lung cancer TCM syndrome differentiation as a multilabel text classification problem. First, entity representation was conducted with Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers and conditional random fields models. Then, five deep learning–based text classification models were applied to the construction of a medical record multilabel classifier, during which two data augmentation strategies were adopted to address overfitting issues. Finally, a fusion model approach was used to elevate the performance of the models.

RESULTS

The F1 score of the recurrent convolutional neural network (RCNN) model with augmentation was 0.8650, a 2.41% improvement over the unaugmented model. The Hamming loss for RCNN with augmentation was 0.0987, which is 1.8% lower than that of the same model without augmentation. Among the models, the text-hierarchical attention network (Text-HAN) model achieved the highest F1 scores of 0.8676 and 0.8751. The mean average precision for the word encoding–based RCNN was 10% higher than that of the character encoding–based representation. A fusion model of the text-convolutional neural network, text-recurrent neural network, and Text-HAN models achieved an F1 score of 0.8884, which showed the best performance among the models.

CONCLUSIONS

Medical records could be used more productively by constructing end-to-end models to facilitate TCM diagnosis. With the aid of entity-level representation, data augmentation, and model fusion, deep learning–based multilabel classification approaches can better imitate TCM syndrome differentiation in complex cases such as advanced lung cancer.
Internet Use, Risk Awareness, and Demographic Characteristics Associated With Engagement in Preventive Behaviors and Testing: Cross-Sectional Survey on COVID-19 in the United States (Preprint)
Authors: Li Siyue , Feng Bo , Liao Wang , Pan Wenjing
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, engagement in preventive behaviors and getting tested for the virus play a crucial role in protecting people from contracting the new coronavirus.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine how internet use, risk awareness, and demographic characteristics are associated with engagement in preventative behaviors and testing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was conducted on Amazon Mechanical Turk from April 10, 2020, to April 14, 2020. Participants’ internet use (in terms of the extent of receiving information pertaining to COVID-19), risk awareness (whether any immediate family members, close friends or relatives, or people in local communities tested positive for COVID-19), demographics (sex, age, ethnicity, income, education level, marital status, and employment status), as well as their engagement in preventative behaviors and testing were assessed.

RESULTS

Our data included 979 valid responses from the United States. Participants who received more COVID-19–related health information online reported more frequent effort to engage in all types of preventive behaviors: wearing a facemask in public (odds ratio [OR] 1.55, 95% CI 1.34-1.79, P<.001), washing hands (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.35-1.85, P<.001), covering nose and mouth when sneezing and coughing (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.52-2.10, P<.001), keeping social distance with others (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.21-1.65, P<.001), staying home (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.20-1.62, P<.001), avoiding using public transportation (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.32-1.88, P<.001), and cleaning frequently used surfaces (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.34-1.79, P<.001). Compared with participants who did not have positive cases in their social circles, those who had immediate family members (OR 1.48, 95% CI 8.28-26.44, P<.001) or close friends and relatives (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.58-4.03, P<.001) who tested positive were more likely to get tested. Participants’ sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, and employment status were also associated with preventive behaviors and testing.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings revealed that the extent of receiving COVID-19–related information online, risk awareness, and demographic characteristics including sex, ethnicity, age, marital status, and employment status are key factors associated with US residents’ engagement in various preventive behaviors and testing for COVID-19.
Social Media Insights Into US Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Analysis of Twitter Data (Preprint)
Authors: Valdez Danny , ten Thij Marijn , Bathina Krishna , Rutter Lauren A , Bollen Johan
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented mitigation efforts that disrupted the daily lives of millions. Beyond the general health repercussions of the pandemic itself, these measures also present a challenge to the world’s mental health and health care systems. Considering that traditional survey methods are time-consuming and expensive, we need timely and proactive data sources to respond to the rapidly evolving effects of health policy on our population’s mental health. Many people in the United States now use social media platforms such as Twitter to express the most minute details of their daily lives and social relations. This behavior is expected to increase during the COVID-19 pandemic, rendering social media data a rich field to understand personal well-being.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to answer three research questions: (1) What themes emerge from a corpus of US tweets about COVID-19? (2) To what extent did social media use increase during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic? and (3) Does sentiment change in response to the COVID-19 pandemic?

METHODS

We analyzed 86,581,237 public domain English language US tweets collected from an open-access public repository in three steps. First, we characterized the evolution of hashtags over time using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling. Second, we increased the granularity of this analysis by downloading Twitter timelines of a large cohort of individuals (n=354,738) in 20 major US cities to assess changes in social media use. Finally, using this timeline data, we examined collective shifts in public mood in relation to evolving pandemic news cycles by analyzing the average daily sentiment of all timeline tweets with the Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner (VADER) tool.

RESULTS

LDA topics generated in the early months of the data set corresponded to major COVID-19–specific events. However, as state and municipal governments began issuing stay-at-home orders, latent themes shifted toward US-related lifestyle changes rather than global pandemic-related events. Social media volume also increased significantly, peaking during stay-at-home mandates. Finally, VADER sentiment analysis scores of user timelines were initially high and stable but decreased significantly, and continuously, by late March.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings underscore the negative effects of the pandemic on overall population sentiment. Increased use rates suggest that, for some, social media may be a coping mechanism to combat feelings of isolation related to long-term social distancing. However, in light of the documented negative effect of heavy social media use on mental health, social media may further exacerbate negative feelings in the long-term for many individuals. Thus, considering the overburdened US mental health care structure, these findings have important implications for ongoing mitigation efforts.
Application of Intelligent Computer-Assisted Taylor 3D External Fixation in the Treatment of Tibiofibular Fracture: Retrospective Case Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sheng Hongfeng , Xu Weixing , Xu Bin , Song Hongpu , Lu Di , Ding Weiguo , Mildredl Henry
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

With the development of modern society, severe and complex tibial fractures caused by high-energy injuries such as traffic accidents have gradually increased. At present, the commonly used methods for the treatment of tibial fractures include plate fixation, intramedullary nail fixation, and external fixation. Most of these fractures are open wounds with severe soft tissue injury and wound contamination, and some involve bone defects, which makes internal fixation treatment difficult.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore the use of intelligent computer-assisted Taylor 3D external fixation for the treatment of tibiofibular fractures.

METHODS

In total, 70 patients were included and divided into the Taylor 3D external fixation (TSF) group (28 patients with severe tibial fractures treated with TSF) and the internal fixation group (42 patients with complicated tibiofibular fractures treated by internal fixation). After the treatment, the follow-up evaluation of TSF for the treatment of tibiofibular fractures noted the incidence of complications, as well as the efficacy and occurrence of internal fixation for the treatment of tibial fractures in our hospital.

RESULTS

The results showed that TSF was superior to orthopedics in the treatment of tibiofibular fractures in terms of efficacy and complications.

CONCLUSIONS

TSF for the treatment of tibiofibular fractures is more effective than internal fixation and the incidence of complications is low. This is a new technology for the treatment of tibiofibular fractures that is worthy of clinical promotion.
“You’ve got a Friend in Me” A Case for using Entertainment Education and Gamification Elements in Children’s Physical Activity Sessions: Creating an Immersive Environment to Increase Engagement. (Preprint)
Authors: Budzynski-Seymour Emily , Jones Michelle , Steele James
Published: June 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Engaging children in physical activity is a pertinent research area. The health benefits of physical activity are well known, however it is consistently reported that many children are failing to accumulate the recommended hours. The media may have a role to play in physical activity promotion, however this is a relatively under explored area. This research aims to explore one potential use of the media by investigating children’s preferences for characters, specifically Disney characters, which are present in the media that they are frequently exposed to. Focus groups were conducted, with 27 children (20 girls, 7 boys) aged between seven and ten. In the focus groups children were asked to draw their favourite Disney character and then discuss in the group the reasoning behind the chosen characters. The results were discussed in relation to two areas of research, entertainment education and gamification and how all of this can be incorporated into a physical activity setting. The main findings from the study suggest that if you can create an immersive environment, by incorporating elements such as characters/preferred characteristics of a character which have been identified by this research, you may be able to promote physical activity to children.
Rationale for Selection of Non-Dominated Options for Pulsed Sources of Electromagnetic Energy
Authors: Kozlov V. V. , Zontova T. V.
Published: June 2020

Основой электромагнитных боеприпасов является источник мощных электромагнитных импульсов. Современные системы генерации мощных электромагнитных излучений имеют энергетические возможности, которые обеспечивают выведение из строя радиоэлектронных средств на расстояниях от сотен метров до десятков километров.В настоящее время в связи с развитием высокоточных систем доставки излучателя  мощных электромагнитных излучений появились новые возможности для электромагнитных боеприпасов, воздействующих на электронные устройства и средства связи противника. Электромагнитные боеприпасы относятся к боеприпасам избирательного действия, которые формируют мощные электромагнитные импульсы для функционального поражения (вывода из строя) чувствительных элементов радиоэлектронных средств, входящих в ракетные и авиационные комплексы. Ракетные и авиационные комплексы как основные ударные средства представляют собой совокупность разнородных типовых легкоуязвимых целей с элементами радиоэлектронных средств, к которым можно отнести пусковые установки с ракетами наземного и морского базирования, летательные аппараты (самолеты и вертолеты) на стоянках и палубах надводных кораблей, радиотехнические, навигационные радиолокационные станции, станции спутниковой системы связи, управления и др.В этом аспекте действие электромагнитных боеприпасов имеет важное военное значение, так как может привести к необратимому повреждению широкого спектра электрического и электронного оборудования вооружения и военной техники.Данная работа посвящена  обоснованию и выбору недоминируемых вариантов импульсных источников электромагнитной энергии, которые потенциально могут быть использованы в качестве генераторов источников мощных электромагнитных импульсов.В статье рассмотрена модель согласования решений с использованием коэффициентов весомости показателей качества объектов на примере сравнения вариантов импульсных источников электромагнитной энергии.
Carbonitriding of Diamondiferous Tape Based on Iron and Its Alloys
Authors: Khlybov A. A. , Kolosova T. M. , Belyaev E. S. , Belyaeva S. S.
Published: June 2020

Представлены результаты исследования структуры и свойств алмазосодержащих листовых материалов, предназначенных для изготовления тонких отрезных кругов для операций разделения изделий в микроэлектронике. Рассматриваемый алмазосодержащий материал изготовлен на базе металлической связки системы «железо – медь – никель». Структурная композиция, обеспечивающая работоспособность инструмента, создана путем прокатки порошковой шихты в ленту, спекания прокатной ленты, многостадийной уплотняющей, совмещенной с механико-термической обработкой и заключительной химико-термической обработкой готовых отрезных кругов.Механико-термическая обработка совмещает этапы уплотнения до беспористого состояния инструментальной ленты и позволяет увеличить прочность связки в алмазосодержащем инструменте за счет создания работоспособной дислокационной структуры. Механизмы дисперсионного упрочнения подразделяются на основные и косвенные. Основные базируются на том, что дисперсные частицы являются препятствиями для движения дислокаций, косвенные связанны с влиянием дисперсных частиц на характер субструктуры. К основным упрочняющим фазам относятся карбиды, нитриды, карбонитриды, интерметаллиды.Химико-термическая обработка (карбинитрация) формирует в структуре дисперсные нитриды и карбонитриды, что создает дополнительные препятствия для движения дислокации, увеличивая прочность связки согласно принципам дисперсионного твердения.В результате комплексной обработки, направленной на формирование структуры металлической связки тонких алмазосодержащих отрезных кругов, достигнута микротвердость в наружном слое отрезного круга до 8250 МПа, а во внутреннем гетерофазном слое – до 4150 МПа. Высокая микротвердость в наружном слое отрезного круга позволила снизить радиальный износ до 26 мкм на 100 м суммарного пути резания при скорости вращения 34000 мин–1 и максимальной предельной разрушающей подаче 95…103 мм/с (при резке высокотвердых хрупких материалов) по сравнению с отрезными кругами, полученными то аналогичной технологии, но не подвергнутыми заключительной химико-термической обработке. В рассмотренном случае химико-термическая обработка, проводимая на тонких отрезных кругах, существенно повышает их ресурс работы.
EL PROCESO PENAL DE TENDENCIA ACUSATORIA: ENTRE LA INOPERANCIA Y EL REFORMISMO.
Authors: Velásquez V. Fernando
Published: June 2020

Pese a que la Ley 906 de 2004 nació a la vida jurídica con la finalidad de implantar un sistema procesal penal acusatorio pletórico de garantías, esto es, de partes, fincado en el principio de libertad, en la presunción de inocencia, la igualdad de armas, la separación de funciones entre investigación y juzgamiento, etc. la verdad es que esa normativa, luego de múltiples reformas y declaratorias de inexequibilidad, se ha quedado en el papel y el diseño imperante es tan inquisitivo o más que el anterior; es más, la impunidad, la congestión judicial, el escrituralismo, la falta de recursos, la improvisación, la politización, la corrupción, etc., continúan. Ello demuestra, entonces, que el problema de la administración de justicia penal no es solo de leyes, sino que la crisis existente pasa por otros fenómenos que deben ser examinados de forma cuidadosa para, a partir de allí, emprender nuevos caminos. A eso invita la presente reflexión
Narrativa y realidades de la Camorra napolitana entre estructuras organizativas y modelos represivos
Authors: Pascali Michelangelo
Published: June 2020

¿Qué representa la Camorra hoy? ¿Cuáles son sus características distintivas? ¿Cuál es la relación entre la violencia generalizada y la infiltración en los grandes asuntos públicos? ¿Qué función desempeñan los medios en delinear historias de la mafia y en orientar las actitudes criminales? ¿Cuáles son los problemas que surgen y deben abordarse para reprimir a los grupos de la Camorra?
Reseña del libro Investigación cualitativa de Carlos A. Sandoval Casilimas (2002)
Authors: Ramírez Pasos Cristian David
Published: June 2020

En el texto sobre investigación cualitativa, el autor aborda tres categorías que desarrollan contenidos concernientes a un enfoque cualitativo y desde el cual se analiza y comprende tanto su fundamentación metodológica y práctica, como su importancia en el proceso investigativo de acuerdo a la intención o propósito del investigador. Las tres grandes categorías en las que se divide  esta unidad son: perspectivas comprensivas y explicativas de la investigación social cualitativa: fundamentos teóricos y características específicas; profundización metodológica en dos encuadres específicos de investigación cualitativa: la etnografía y la teoría fundada; y por último se abordan las estrategias metodológicas especializadas de corte cualitativo. Cada una de las categorías mencionadas anteriormente, contienen unas subcategorías que permiten entender de forma más concreta las temáticas que se desarrollan en la presentación y comprensión de los diversoselementos pertenecientes a la investigación cualitativa.
Narrativas autobiográficas, una estrategia pedagógica para transformar el ser desde la escritura
Authors: Toro Toro Luz Marina
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo surge como producto de un proyecto de investigación, dirigido a analizar el papel que cumplen las narrativas autobiográficas para motivar las prácticas de escritura, y a su vez el conocimiento de sí mismo de los estudiantes del modelo "Caminar en secundaria". Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo y un diseño micro etnográfico, basado en la observación e interpretación de las narrativas de los estudiantes, a fin de fortalecer los aspectos escriturales y el conocimiento de sí mismo. Como resultado se identificó en los estudiantes participantes un avance en sus prácticas de escritura, al contrastar los resultados de la prueba diagnóstica con la prueba final y una transformación en su ser al lograr escribir y leer sus historias. Se concluyó que los textos reflexivos que se produjeron, basados en las experiencias de vida de los estudiantes, son una estrategia para fortalecer las habilidades escriturales con este tipo de población extra edad, ya que a partir de sus necesidades e intereses se pueden formar estudiantes productores en lugar de reproductores de textos, pues la escritura está basada en experiencias reales que llevan a la reflexión y potencian su ser y su saber desde la escritura.
New agriculture business model in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Chien-Hsing , Liu Chih-Fang , Lin Yu-Ting , Yain Yu-Sheng , Lin Chien-Ho
Published: June 2020

We offer an integrative introduction, analysis, and commentary for the new agribusiness models (mainly for crop production) in Taiwan, an important economy in Asia. Taiwan’s economy has been relying heavily on agriculture-based business, even against the fact that its high-technology industries occupy major media explosion opportunities. We start with the introductory discussions of Taiwan’s agricultural backgrounds and development. Then we review and analyze the developing agribusiness models at macro and micro levels. Based on those analyses, we propose promising directions for future studies and agribusiness practices.
Banimento e reconstrução de si na escritura de Eduardo Galeano
Authors: Miranda Heloísa , Reis Célia
Published: June 2020

Neste artigo analisamos a narrativa “Ecos”, da obra Boca del tiempo (2013), de Eduardo Galeano, na qual ele apresenta, fazendo uso da função poética da linguagem, a história do brasileiro Frei Tito de Alencar Lima. A análise, de cunho estilístico-formal e histórico-político, busca demonstrar como Galeano compõe sua narrativa com base no sofrimento imposto a Frei Tito por agentes da Ditadura Civil-Militar brasileira, no trauma que adquiriu e como a pena de banimento do Território Nacional, pelo Ato Institucional Nº13/1969, constituiu-se num agravante para o seu trauma.
El fuego robado. Literatura y exilio en Sergio Pitol
Authors: Lemus Victor Manuel
Published: June 2020

Este artículo tiene como objetivo hacer una breve exposición de la obra del escritor mexicano Sergio Pitol (1933 – 2018) desde el punto de vista del exilio y el viaje. Intentando ir más allá de considerar el dislocamiento físico como una condición generadora de nostalgia y melancolía, se pretende reflexionar sobre cómo, para Pitol, el contacto con otras lenguas, culturas y literaturas está en la base de los temas y las formas practicadas por los escritores, con lo cual enriquecen la tradición literaria a la que pertenecen.
Prescrição de antimicrobianos para doenças respiratórias na pediatria: análise das fontes de informação disponíveis
Authors: Oliveira de Souza Laila , Heineck Isabela
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou a concordância de fontes de informação, em nível nacional e internacional, que orientam a prescrição pediátrica de antimicrobianos para faringotonsilite, otite média aguda e rinossinusite, em relação ao fármaco de escolha, à posologia e aos tipos de referências utilizadas para sua elaboração. Método: Foram selecionados documentos de entidades brasileiras e estrangeiras e as bulas dos medicamentos neles mencionados, totalizando 14 documentos diferentes para as doenças avaliadas. Resultados: A classe das penicilinas foi prevalente como terapia de primeira escolha nas três doenças estudadas, contudo houve grande variação nas doses indicadas e no modo como elas são expressas. A idade mínima para uso foi informada em 54,3% das fontes, sendo menos recorrente nas fontes nacionais. A duração do tratamento esteve presente em 64,4% dos fármacos indicados nas fontes. As fontes analisadas para as três doenças avaliadas citam principalmente referências classificadas como artigos de revisão e estudos experimentais, seguidos dos formulários e listas oficiais e consensos, diretrizes e manuais para embasar seus dados. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados reforçam a necessidade de estimular a realização de ensaios clínicos e/ou estudos de Farmacometria para a definição de doses de antimicrobianos para uso em Pediatria, assim como a harmonização das informações disponibilizadas para orientar a prescrição
Glucose Regulates Microtubule Disassembly and the Dose of Insulin Secretion via Tau Phosphorylation
Authors: Ho Kung-Hsien , Yang Xiaodun , Osipovich Anna B. , Cabrera Over , Hayashi Mansuo L. , Magnuson Mark A. , Gu Guoqiang , Kaverina Irina
Published: June 2020

The microtubule cytoskeleton of pancreatic islet β-cells regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). We have reported that the microtubule-mediated movement of insulin vesicles away from the plasma membrane limits insulin secretion. High glucose–induced remodeling of microtubule network facilitates robust GSIS. This remodeling involves disassembly of old microtubules and nucleation of new microtubules. Here, we examine the mechanisms whereby glucose stimulation decreases microtubule lifetimes in β-cells. Using real-time imaging of photoconverted microtubules, we demonstrate that high levels of glucose induce rapid microtubule disassembly preferentially in the periphery of individual β-cells, and this process is mediated by the phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau. Specifically, high glucose induces tau hyper-phosphorylation via glucose-responsive kinases GSK3, PKA, PKC, and CDK5. This causes dissociation of tau from and subsequent destabilization of microtubules. Consequently, tau knockdown in mouse islet β-cells facilitates microtubule turnover, causing increased basal insulin secretion, depleting insulin vesicles from the cytoplasm, and impairing GSIS. More importantly, tau knockdown uncouples microtubule destabilization from glucose stimulation. These findings suggest that tau suppresses peripheral microtubules turning over to restrict insulin oversecretion in basal conditions and preserve the insulin pool that can be released following stimulation; high glucose promotes tau phosphorylation to enhance microtubule disassembly to acutely enhance GSIS.
Regulation of Glycemia in the Recovery Phase After Stroke Counteracts the Detrimental Effect of Obesity-Induced Type 2 Diabetes on Neurological Recovery
Authors: Augestad Ingrid Lovise , Pintana Hiranya , Larsson Martin , Krizhanovskii Camilla , Nyström Thomas , Klein Thomas , Darsalia Vladimer , Patrone Cesare
Published: June 2020

The interplay between obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in poststroke recovery is unclear. Moreover, the impact of glucose control during the chronic phase after stroke is undetermined. We investigated whether obesity-induced T2D impairs neurological recovery after stroke by using a clinically relevant experimental design. We also investigated the potential efficacy of two clinically used T2D drugs: the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor linagliptin and the sulfonylurea glimepiride. We induced transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in T2D/obese mice (after 7 months of high-fat diet [HFD]) and age-matched controls. After stroke, we replaced HFD with standard diet for 8 weeks to mimic the poststroke clinical situation. Linagliptin or glimepiride were administered daily from 3 days after tMCAO for 8 weeks. We assessed neurological recovery weekly by upper-limb grip strength. Brain damage, neuroinflammation, stroke-induced neurogenesis, and atrophy of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons were quantified by immunohistochemistry. T2D/obesity impaired poststroke neurological recovery in association with hyperglycemia, neuroinflammation, and atrophy of PV+ interneurons. Both drugs counteracted these effects. In nondiabetic mice, only linagliptin accelerated recovery. These findings shed light on the interplay between obesity and T2D in stroke recovery. Moreover, they promote the use of rehabilitative strategies that are based on efficacious glycemia regulation, even if initiated days after stroke.
Diabetes Epidemiology in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Selvin Elizabeth , Juraschek Stephen P.
Published: June 2020

Diabetes has been identified as an important risk factor for mortality and rates of progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, many recent reports on this topic reflect hurried approaches and have lacked careful epidemiologic design, conduct, and analysis. Features of prior studies have posed problems for our understanding of the true contribution of diabetes and other underlying comorbidities to prognosis in COVID-19. In this Perspective, we discuss some of the challenges of interpreting the current literature on diabetes and COVID-19 and discuss opportunities for future epidemiologic studies. We contend that the COVID-19 pandemic is a defining moment for the field of epidemiology and that diabetes epidemiology should play a significant role.
Performance of a New Design Based on Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Slotted Antenna Arrays for Dual-Band Applications (Ku / K)
Authors: Abes Turkiya , Nouri Keltouma , Bouazza Boubaker Seddik , Becharef Kada
Published: June 2020

This paper introduces and discusses the study of a new concept for SIW array antenna development. This conducted development is based on three designs, two of them related to 1x2 arrays fed by SIW line, combined with SIW inset line, and the last designed for 2X2 array antenna feed by SIW inset line. All these structures are designed to give dual-band at (Ku - K) bands with enhanced gain and bandwidth. The new 2x2 array antenna has a high gain, and it consists of four SIW cavities staggered patches with a 90° phase shift, which are fed using microstrip line shielded by SIW vias. The designs were conducted using full-wave simulator ANSYS HFSS - the frequency domain solver. The 2x2 array antenna gives a return loss about (-20 dB), a high gain of 9.05 dB, and two bandwidth equals 210 MHz and 1310 MHz respectively at both of the operating bands. To validate the simulated results the simulation was conducted again using the time-domain solver of the CST Microwave Studio (MWS) full-wave simulator. Simulation results obtained from the two software having different solvers were in good agreement in the results.
Implementasi Green Business dalam Ekoturisme di Jawa Tengah (Studi pada Tiga Obyek Wisata)
Authors: Suciarto Sentot , Ferijani Agatha
Published: June 2020

In the year 2025 it is hoped that ASEAN will become tourist destination offering ASEAN experience which unique, diversify, and developing sustainable, inclusive, and responsible tourism. It will become significant contributionto the economic life of ASEAN community. According to that vision, Indonesia also develops tourism which environment friendly and green business. Ecoturism as traveling activities to destination region should folow natural rules for enjoying natural beauty, including education-comprehension and support to conservation which could increase local community income. In this research selected three tourist ecotourism destination including Morosari Mangrove Forest at Demak Region, Tlogo Tuntang Tourism at Bawen Salatiga, and Forest Park Botanical Garden Mangkunegoro 1 at  Lawu Mountain at Karanganyar Region. Research result showed that Mangrove Forest Demak, Tlogo Resort Tuntang and  Forest Park Botanical Garden not yet becoming ecotourism and tourist business which profitable and sustainable tourism. There is local management desire to make tourism based on natural wealth or tourist destination which conserving ecology.  The three tourist destinations generally need continous improvement so that becoming intereseting ecoturism and profitable. It is needed to continuously conserve flora and fauna, and environment management to attract visitors.
The Advocacy Coalition Framework Approach to Row House Policy in Tamansari, Bandung City
Authors: Ramadhan Rama Akbar
Published: June 2020

Conflicts between Governance actors are rife in the era of democracy as it is today. The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of land conflicts faced by the community against the Bandung City Government which is in a joint coalition with PT Sartonia Agung. Those two parties had a dispute over land rights in RW 11 Tamansari to control the basis of rights for housing and the construction of Row House. The struggle of each party in the struggle for land in RW 11 Tamansari was carried out through an advocacy process with both formal and informal approaches. The Advocacy Coalition Framework in this study was used as a knife for analyzing the phenomena that occurred. The research methods used in this study were qualitative research by standing on the interpretative paradigm. The data were collected by conducting observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation relating to the outline of the research. The findings obtained from this study indicated that there was a formation of strong coalition domination by the government through aggressive and repressive behavior that raised a conflict of interest in the row house construction policy in Tamansari Subdistrict, Bandung City, which was rejected by the Coalition of the Tamansari community that was formed. The series of advocacy carried out by the Tamansari community coalition had not produced results in favor of the coalition that urged a change in the policy.
Laboratorios de cambio agrario: tecnología y ciencia en el campo. Presentación de Cecilia Zuleta
Authors: Zuleta María Cecilia
Published: June 2020

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Los romances «añadidos» del Cancionero de romances: una hipótesis sobre el fragmentismo del romancero viejo
Authors: Higashi Alejandro
Published: June 2020

Analizo los patrones de reescritura entre las versiones de varios romances publicadas en la primera edición del Cancionero de romances de Martín Nucio y la segunda, de 1550, bajo el concepto de versiones editoriales (aquellas que se construyen dentro de las mismas imprentas con el propósito de ofrecer textos mejorados). Aunque es muy probable que algunas de estas versiones procedan de un sustrato oral cortesano, en su gran mayoría se trata de arreglos textuales para proponer versiones más extensas y detalladas, fenómeno que obliga a repensar la naturaleza fragmentaria atribuida al romancero viejo.
El poema «Testamento» de Valle-Inclán: una historia textual, con su primer testimonio impreso
Authors: De Juan Bolufer Amparo
Published: June 2020

En este artículo se estudia la historia textual del poema “Testamento” de Valle-Inclán a partir de una relación actualizada de los testimonios de la tradición directa del texto, para luego editar el primer y desconocido testimonio impreso del poema. Se llega a la conclusión de que tanto los autógrafos como los impresos son en realidad copias de manuscritos de trabajo todavía en una fase redaccional, y se desvelan al menos dos estados genéticos cuya datación se intenta precisar. Asimismo, se presentan argumentos que parecen revelar que los testimonios impresos muestran diversas alteraciones debidas a la manipulación de sus editores.
Jimena N. Rodríguez, Escribir desde el océano. La navegación de Hernando de Alarcón y otras retóricas del andar por el Nuevo Mundo. Iberoamericana-Vervuert, Madrid-Frankfurt/M., 2018; 187 pp. (El Paraíso en el Nuevo Mundo, 5)
Authors: Rodilla María José
Published: June 2020

Escribir desde el océano. La navegación de Hernando de Alarcón y otras retóricas del andar por el Nuevo Mundo