bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer results in distinct mitochondrial bioenergetics between luminal and basal subtypes
Authors: Lunetti Paola , Di Giacomo Mariangela , Vergara Daniele , De Domenico Stefania , Maffia Michele , Zara Vincenzo , Capobianco Loredana , Ferramosca Alessandra
Published: January 2019

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key feature of cancer and is frequently associated with increased aggressiveness and metastatic potential. Recent evidence has brought to light a metabolic rewiring that takes place during the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that drives the invasive capability of malignant tumors, and highlights a mechanistic link between mitochondrial dysfunction and EMT that has been only partially investigated. In this study, we characterized mitochondrial function and bioenergetic status of cultured human breast cancer cell lines, including luminal‐like and basal‐like subtypes. Through a combination of biochemical and functional studies, we demonstrated that basal‐like cell lines exhibit impaired, but not completely inactive, mitochondrial function, and rely on a consequent metabolic switch to glycolysis to support their ATP demand. These altered metabolic activities are linked to modifications of key electron transport chain proteins and a significant increase in levels of reactive oxygen species compared to luminal cells. Furthermore, we observed that the stable knockdown of EMT markers caused functional changes in mitochondria that result in acquisition of a hybrid glycolysis/OXPHOS phenotype in cancer cells as a means to sustain their metabolic demand.
Claiming geothermal water: Critical legal geography and the scalar politics of hot spring development in China
Authors: Feng Dan , Li Peng
Published: January 2019

This article contributes to the ongoing scrutiny of conflicts over nature with respect to the legal realm. We argue that legal geographies have been central to the boom in geothermal water extraction in China and its environmental and social effects. We examine the contesting of the legal definition of geothermal water and how it is embedded in the creation and production of China's hot spring landscape. Specifically, we focus on the biophysics of this particular natural resource to examine the scalar politics of how local governments grab natural resources, and the ways in which they produce socio‐economic consequences. The analysis illustrates the significance of critical legal geography in current political ecology studies, and suggests paying close attention to the contradictory and slippery legal practices involved in the governance and commodifying of nature.
Proteinase K is an activator for the male‐dependent spermiogenesis pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans: Its application to pharmacological dissection of spermiogenesis
Authors: Tajima Tatsuya , Ogawa Futa , Nakamura Shogo , Hashimoto Masaharu , Omote Masaaki , Nishimura Hitoshi
Published: January 2019

Caenorhabditis elegans spermiogenesis involves spermatid activation into spermatozoa. Activation occurs through either SPE‐8 class‐dependent or class‐independent pathways. Pronase (Pron) activates the SPE‐8 class‐dependent pathway, whereas no in vitro tools are available to stimulate the SPE‐8 class‐independent pathway. Thus, whether there is a functional relationship between these two pathways is currently unclear. In this study, we found that proteinase K (ProK) can activate the SPE‐8 class‐independent pathway. In vitro spermiogenesis assays using Pron and ProK suggested that SPE‐8 class proteins act in the hermaphrodite‐ and male‐dependent spermiogenesis pathways and that some spermatid proteins presumably working downstream of spermiogenesis pathways, including MAP kinases, are preferentially involved in the SPE‐8 class‐dependent pathway. We screened a library of chemicals, and a compound that we named DDI‐1 inhibited both Pron‐ and ProK‐induced spermiogenesis. To our surprise, several DDI‐1 analogues that are structurally similar to DDI‐1 blocked Pron, but not ProK, induced spermiogenesis. Although the mechanism by which DDI‐1 blocks spermiogenesis is yet unknown, we have begun to address this issue by selecting two DDI‐1‐resistant mutants. Collectively, our data support a model in which C. elegans male and hermaphrodite spermiogenesis each has its own distinct, parallel pathway.
Outbreak of hepatitis A linked to European outbreaks among men who have sex with men in Osaka, Japan, from March to July 2018
Authors: Tanaka Satoshi , Kishi Tomomi , Ishihara Akio , Watanabe Dai , Uehira Tomoko , Ishida Hisashi , Shirasaka Takuma , Mita Eiji
Published: January 2019

Aim

Ongoing hepatitis A outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM) have been reported worldwide, mainly in Europe, since 2016. In Japan, there has been an increase in the number of notified hepatitis A cases since January 2018, most of which were suspected to have been transmitted through homosexual contact. In this paper, we describe the current outbreak situation of hepatitis A among MSM.

Methods

Between March and July 2018, 13 cases of hepatitis A were identified in our hospital. All cases were identified as MSM. Data on clinical and laboratory findings and therapies were collected from medical records. Serum or stool samples were obtained from 13 patients and subjected to sequence analysis.

Results

Of all patients, 12 reported to have male‐to‐male homosexual contact within 7 weeks prior to symptom onset, and 6 visited sex‐on‐premises venues in the same area. Furthermore, 12 patients were infected with HIV and consequently received antiretroviral therapy with sustained viral suppression. Ten patients received pulsed methylprednisolone therapy. Plasma exchange was additionally carried out in one patient. All patients received inpatient hospital care and were discharged alive. Sequence information, which was available in all cases, showed that the hepatitis A virus strain was identical to the EuroPride strain (RIVM‐HAV16–090).

Conclusions

Results of sequence analysis suggest that the ongoing hepatitis A outbreak among MSM in Japan is linked to the 2016 European outbreaks. A vaccination program is urgently required for high‐risk populations to control this ongoing outbreak.
SPACE AND TIME: A COMPETING RISKS ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PROPERTY TAXES AND ZONING RESTRICTIONS ON RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Wrenn Douglas H. , Klaiber H. Allen
Published: January 2019

Property taxes and zoning restrictions are prevalent tools for managing land use. We combine microlevel data on residential subdivision development from the Baltimore, Maryland, metro area from 1994 to 2007 with a competing risks model to examine how both policies influence the density and timing of residential development. Consistent with theory, we demonstrate that the impact of both policies on optimal density and timing depends on whether density and time are substitutes or complements in the profit function. Our results have important implications as they provide key empirical insights into how property taxes and zoning interact to influence development patterns.
ESTIMATING THE HETEROGENEOUS WELFARE EFFECTS OF CHOICE ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Ketcham Jonathan D. , Kuminoff Nicolai V. , Powers Christopher A.
Published: January 2019

We develop a method that embeds signals about consumers’ knowledge to evaluate prospective choice architecture policies. We analyze three proposals for U.S. Medicare prescription drug insurance markets: (i) menu restrictions, (ii) personalized information, and (iii) defaulting consumers to cheap plans. We link administrative and survey data to identify informed enrollment decisions that proxy for preferences of observationally similar misinformed consumers. Results suggest that each policy yields winners and losers, with the menu restrictions harmful to most but personalized information beneficial to most. These results are robust across signals of consumers’ knowledge but differ from the benchmark that excludes such signals.
HOUSING DECISION WITH DIVORCE RISK
Authors: Fischer Marcel , Khorunzhina Natalia
Published: January 2019

We build a life‐cycle model of housing decisions under divorce risk that predicts that the recent increase in divorce rates leads to reduced homeownership rates. The risk of a divorce triggers a precautionary‐savings motive. However, this motive is weaker when individuals can invest in owner‐occupied homes because homeowners' higher savings partially substitute for precautionary savings. When young, the larger asset accumulation due to divorce‐risk‐induced precautionary savings enables households to buy homes earlier, whereas the presence of transaction costs leads to reduced homeownership for middle‐aged and older households when divorce risk goes up.
The association between allostatic load and anthropometric measurements among a multiethnic cohort of children
Authors: Cedillo Yenni E. , Murillo Anarina L. , Fernández José R.
Published: January 2019

Objective

This study investigated if levels of allostatic load (ALoad) differed according to race/ethnicity in children and if ALoad was associated with obesity‐related measures.

Methods

A multiethnic sample of 307 children aged seven to 12 was evaluated, composed of 39% European American (EA), 35% African American (AA), and 26% Hispanic American (HA) youth. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and other measurements included body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Allostatic load scores were estimated based on two different calculations, including seven and eight biomarkers (ALoad1 and ALoad2), respectively. Analyses of variance, independence tests, and multiple regression models were performed.

Results

From the total sample, 22.80% (n = 70) of children were characterized as “no load,” 46.58% (n = 143) “low load,” and 30.62% (n = 94) “high load.” Hispanic American children showed the highest ALoad scores (2.07 ± 1.54; 95% CI, 1.73‐2.41) compared with AA children (1.71 ± 1.43; 95% CI, 1.43‐1.99) and EA children (1.56 ± 1.34; 95% CI, 1.32‐1.80) (P < 0.05). Higher scores of ALoad (using both ALoad1 and ALoad2 calculations) were associated with higher BMI, total body fat mass, body percent fat, and WC (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Significant differences in ALoad were observed in children according to race/ethnicity. Increased exposure to stressors captured by ALoad may result in increased risk for excessive adiposity and potential health risk in children. Further, ALoad may serve as a preventive marker for conditions known to continue throughout adulthood.
Fast‐growing melanoma: a distinct entity or a superficial spreading melanoma with a brief horizontal phase?
Authors: Peris K.
Published: January 2019

Linked article: This is a commentary on M. Gassenmaier et al., pp. 63–70 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15194.
Spatial and temporal changes in myogenic protein expression by the microenvironment after freeze injury
Authors: Yoon Nara , Chu Vivian , Gould Maree , Zhang Ming
Published: January 2019

Skeletal muscle has the remarkable capability to regenerate itself following injury. Adult myogenic stem cells (MSCs) are responsible for the repair and regeneration, and their activity is controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the expression levels of Pax3, Pax7, MRF and p38 proteins during the course of regeneration and in different areas of the focal freeze‐lesion damaged adult rat TA muscle. Using the focal freeze injury model, immunohistochemistry, laser‐capture micro‐dissection and Western blot analysis were performed. The results show that (1) in the severely damaged area, the focal freeze‐lesion injury significantly activated Pax7 and myogenin expression within 7 days and down‐regulated Pax3, MyoD and Myf‐5 within 1 or 3 days, and (2) the level of the p38 protein was strongly and transiently up‐regulated in the whole muscle on day 7 following injury, whereas the level of the pp38 protein was down‐regulated within 3 days in the severely damaged and non‐damaged areas. These findings indicate that the temporal (e.g. the time course of regeneration) and spatial (e.g. three zones created by the focal freeze‐lesion) cues in a regenerating muscle have a significant impact on the activity of the adult MSCs.
Exploring the needs of parents who experience miscarriage in the emergency department: A qualitative study with parents and nurses
Authors: Emond Tina , de Montigny Francine , Guillaumie Laurence
Published: January 2019

Aims and objectives

To understand how parents experienced miscarriage in an emergency department setting. Objectives were to identify parents’ needs, isolate factors that influenced their experience, and provide recommendations to improve care from the perspective of women, their partners, nurses and nurse managers.

Background

Miscarriage is the most prevalent complication encountered during pregnancy. It subjects parents to a multitude of emotions and may have significant consequences on mental health. Emergency department visits are frequently the only opportunity for parents to receive formal support during a miscarriage; it is thus crucial to understand the experiences of parents in this setting.

Design

The study employed a descriptive, exploratory, qualitative approach with semi‐structured interviews.

Methods

The study was founded on the W.K. Kellogg Foundation's Logic Model Development Guide (2004) and Meleis’ Transitions Theory (2015). A total of 26 participants were interviewed (17 parents, 7 emergency department nurses and 2 emergency department nurse managers). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research was used to report results.

Results

Three categories of needs were identified: physical health, cognitive and emotional. For instance, parents expressed a need to receive more information during their visit to the emergency department (i.e., a cognitive need), whether about the diagnostic test results or how to ensure a better recovery. Parents also reported a desire for professionals to address their emotional concerns. Nurses were aware of the emotional impact of miscarriage but felt that they were not adequately trained in providing optimal care to parents in this situation.

Conclusions

Parents who visited the emergency department for miscarriage reported several unfulfilled needs that generated dissatisfaction with care. Emergency department organisational constraints hindered optimal nursing care practices.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nurses have an important role to play in improving parents’ experience. They can do so by understanding the needs of parents and by being involved in developing new guidelines.
Glycemic control through pharmaceutical care: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Babar Zaheer Ud-Din , Kousar Rozina , Hasan Syed Shahzad , Scahill Shane , Curley Louise Elizabeth
Published: January 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of pharmaceutical care (PC) on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

A systematic search of literature was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. RCTs published in English between January 2011 and November 2015 were identified using nine electronic databases: MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA), EMBASE, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Springer Link, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they outlined a pharmaceutical care intervention conducted by pharmacists alone or in collaboration with other health care professional(s). The studies were identified and data was extracted independently by two reviewers. The meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan version 5.3. A random-effects model was used to calculate the standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels.

Key findings

Thirteen RCTs outlining PC interventions in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (n = 1828) were included. The interventions included care plan development, medication reviews, patient education and counselling of patients with follow-up. All RCTs reported statistically significant reductions in HbA1c in the intervention group (SMD = −0.97; 95% CI −1.21 to −0.73; P = 0.00001) as compared to the control group. Significant heterogeneity in SMD (χ2 = 68.96) was observed.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that PC interventions are effective (at least in short-term follow-up in hospital setting) in reducing HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacists, working alone or in collaboration with other health professionals have significant impact on improving the health status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Mediterranean Lithophyllum stictiforme (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) is a genetically diverse species complex: implications for species circumscription, biogeography and conservation of coralligenous habitats
Authors: Pezzolesi Laura , Peña Viviana , Le Gall Line , Gabrielson Paul W. , Kaleb Sara , Hughey Jeffery R. , Rodondi Graziella , Hernandez‐Kantun Jazmin J. , Falace Annalisa , Basso Daniela , Cerrano Carlo , Rindi Fabio
Published: January 2019

Lithophyllum species in the Mediterranean Sea function as algal bioconstructors, contributing to the formation of biogenic habitats such as coralligenous concretions. In such habitats, thalli of Lithophyllum, consisting of crusts or lamellae with entire or lobed margins, have been variously referred to as either one species, L. stictiforme, or two species, L. stictiforme and L. cabiochiae, in the recent literature. We investigated species diversity and phylogenetic relationships in these algae by sequencing three markers (psbA and rbcL genes, cox2,3 spacer), in conjunction with methods for algorithmic delimitation of species (ABGD and GMYC). Mediterranean subtidal Lithophyllum belong to a well‐supported lineage, hereby called the L. stictiforme complex, which also includes two species described from the Atlantic, L. lobatum and L. searlesii. Our results indicate that the L. stictiforme complex consists of at least 13 species. Among the Mediterranean species, some are widely distributed and span most of the western and central Mediterranean, whereas others appear to be restricted to specific localities. These patterns are interpreted as possibly resulting from allopatric speciation events that took place during the Messinian Salinity Crisis and subsequent glacial periods. A partial rbcL sequence from the lectotype of L. stictiforme unambiguously indicates that this name applies to the most common subtidal Lithophyllum in the central Mediterranean. We agree with recent treatments that considered L. cabiochiae and L. stictiforme conspecific. The diversity of Lithophyllum in Mediterranean coralligenous habitats has been substantially underestimated, and future work on these and other Mediterranean corallines should use identifications based on DNA sequences.
Immunohistochemical study of CD34 and podoplanin in periodontal disease
Authors: Gonçalves Patrícia Guerra Peixe , Lourenço Salomão Israel Monteiro , de Vasconcelos Gurgel Bruno Cesar
Published: January 2019

Background and objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in gingival tissue biopsy specimens of individuals with clinically healthy gingiva, chronic gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis (n = 30 per clinical condition).

Material and methods

Histological sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin as well as immunohistochemically with hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 and podoplanin (PDPN) antibodies to evaluate the microvascular count, area, and perimeter of blood and lymphatic vessels, respectively.

Results

The results revealed a correlation between the microvascular count of blood and lymphatic vessels (P = 0.03; however, in individuals with chronic periodontitis, fewer lymphatic vessels were present than in the clinically healthy gingival tissue (P = 0.01), which was not observed in the case of microvascular area and perimeter. Podoplanin labeling was present in the epithelium, and the intensity of labeling was positively correlated to the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate (P = 0.03).

Conclusion

In this study, we concluded that an increase in the number of blood and lymphatic vessels was not observed in bouth gingivitis and periodontitis samples. Podoplanin expression is highly associated with an increased inflammatory infiltration suggesting that PDPN might play an additional role in periodontal disease, other than solely as a lymphangiogenesis marker.
Plastome phylogenomic analysis of Torreya (Taxaceae)
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Hua‐Jie , Landis Jacob B. , Deng Tao , Meng Ai‐Ping , Sun Hang , Peng Yan‐Song , Wang Heng‐Chang , Sun Yan‐Xia
Published: January 2019

Torreya Arn., a small genus of Taxaceae, consists of six species occurring in North America and eastern Asia. Several phylogenetic studies have previously been undertaken to reveal relationships within this genus, although only a few DNA segments or species were used. In the present study, we sequenced five Torreya plastomes and combined these with two existing plastomes from the genus to investigate plastome evolution and phylogenetic relationships within Torreya. All sequenced Torreya plastomes shared the same complement of 82 protein‐coding genes, 4 ribosomal RNA genes, and 31 transfer RNA genes. Phylogenetic inference using a maximum likelihood framework consisted of an 82‐gene, 17‐taxon dataset, including all species of Torreya, resolved Torreya as a monophyletic clade. Strongly supported relationships within the genus include the position of the early diverging T. jackii Chun, the two sister pairs T. fargesii Franch.–T. nucifera (L.) Siebold & Zucc. and T. grandis Fortune ex Lindl.–T. californica Torr., and the monophyly of the clade including T. fargesii var. yunnanensis, T. fargesii, and T. nucifera. In addition to the inference of species relationships, divergence time estimation and biogeographical analysis were carried out. The diversification of Torreya was estimated to be approximately 8.9 Ma. Ancestral state reconstruction of the geographical area suggested China/eastern North America as the most likely ancestral region for the six extant Torreya species.
Meteoritic highly siderophile element and Re‐Os isotope signatures of Archean spherule layers from the CT3 drill core, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa
Authors: Ozdemir Seda , Schulz Toni , van Acken David , Luguet Ambre , Reimold W. Uwe , Koeberl Christian
Published: January 2019

Archean spherule layers represent the only currently known remnants of the early impact record on Earth. Based on the lunar cratering record, the small number of spherule layers identified so far contrasts to the high impact flux that can be expected for the Earth at that time. The recent discovery of several Paleoarchean spherule layers in the BARB5 and CT3 drill cores from the Barberton area, South Africa, drastically increases the number of known Archean impact spherule layers and may provide a unique opportunity to improve our knowledge of the impact record on the early Earth. This study is focused on the spherule layers in the CT3 drill core from the northeastern Barberton Greenstone Belt. We present highly siderophile element (HSE: Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, and Pd) concentrations and Re‐Os isotope signatures for spherule layer samples and their host rocks in order to unravel the potential presence of extraterrestrial fingerprints within them. Most spherule layer samples exhibit extreme enrichments in HSE concentrations of up to superchondritic abundances in conjunction with, in some cases, subchondritic present‐day 187Os/188Os isotope ratios. This indicates a significant meteoritic contribution to the spherule layers. In contrast to some of the data reported earlier for other Archean spherule layers from the Barberton area, the CT3 core is significantly overprinted by secondary events. However, HSE and Re‐Os isotope signatures presented in this study indicate chondritic admixtures of up to (and even above) 100% chondrite component in some of the analyzed spherule layers. There is no significant correlation between HSE abundances and respective spherule contents. Although strongly supporting the impact origin of these layers and the presence of significant meteoritic admixtures, peak HSE concentrations are difficult to explain without postdepositional enrichment processes.
The essence of essentialism
Authors: Newman George E. , Knobe Joshua
Published: January 2019

Over the past several decades,psychological essentialismhas been an important topic of study, incorporating research from multiple areas of psychology, philosophy and linguistics. At its most basic level, essentialism is the tendency to represent certain concepts in terms of a deeper, unobservable property that is responsible for category membership. Originally, this concept was used to understand people's reasoning about natural kind concepts, such astigerandwater, but more recently, researchers have identified the emergence of essentialist‐like intuitions in a number of other contexts, including people's representation of concepts likescientistorChristian.This paper develops an account that aims to capture how essentialism may operate across these varied cases. In short, we argue that while there is diversity in the forms essentialism can take, these varied cases reflect the same underlying cognitive structure.
Transcriptional profiling of macrophages infected with Fonsecaea monophora
Authors: Shi Minglan , Sun Jiufeng , Lu Sha , Qin Jinglin , Xi Liyan , Zhang Junmin
Published: January 2019

Fonsecaea monophora is a member of dematiaceous fungi capable of causing chromoblastomycosis through traumatic injury. However, little is known about the pathogenesis and early interactions between F. monophora and host. The aim of this study was to explore the potential mechanism of macrophages against F. monophora, especially the role of melanin during the pathogenic process. We carried out RNA sequencing based on the Illumina system. It showed that according to melanin contents, different strains of F. monophora induced different transcriptional profilings in macrophages. Functional analyses suggested the biological functions of differentially expressed genes were closely related to immune response, and the melanin might affect the interactions by regulating the MAPK signalling pathway of macrophages. Our results provide insights into the pathogenesis of infection by F. monophora conidia.
Roles of protective factors and risk factors in suicidal ideation among adolescents in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Hui‐Wen , Wang Ruey‐Hsia
Published: January 2019

Objective

To examine the role of protective factors and risk factors in suicidal ideation among adolescents in Taiwan based on a resilience protective model.

Design and Sample

A cross‐sectional design was employed. A total of 390 adolescents aged 15–19 years were recruited from four high schools in Taiwan by stratified random sampling.

Methods

An anonymous self‐report questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics, suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, life stress, emotion‐focused coping, self‐esteem, and problem‐focused coping. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the hypotheses.

Results

Depressive symptoms were significantly and positively correlated with suicidal ideation. The interaction between depressive symptoms and self‐esteem as well as between emotion‐focused coping and problem‐focused coping were significantly and negatively correlated with suicidal ideation.

Conclusions

Depressive symptoms were a risk factor of suicidal ideation. Self‐esteem can moderate the negative effect of depressive symptoms on suicidal ideation. Problem‐focused coping can moderate the negative effects of emotion‐focused coping on suicidal ideation. Public health nurses could cooperate with school nurses to periodically screen depressive symptoms and provide early interventions. Teaching parents and teachers methods for improving self‐esteem of adolescents and enhancing adolescents to apply problem‐focused coping strategies could be useful to reduce suicidal ideation of adolescents.
Syllables constitute proximate units for Mandarin speakers: Electrophysiological evidence from a masked priming task
Authors: Zhang Qingfang , Damian Markus F.
Published: January 2019

Languages may differ regarding the primary mental unit of phonological encoding in spoken production, with models of speakers of Indo‐European languages generally assuming a central role for phonemes, but spoken Chinese production potentially attributing a more prominent role to syllables. In the present study, native Mandarin Chinese speakers named objects that were preceded by briefly presented and masked prime words, which were form related and either matched or mismatched concerning their syllabic structure, or were unrelated. Behavioral results showed a previously reported interaction between prime and target syllable type. Concurrently recorded EEG also exhibited this interaction and further revealed that syllable overlap modulated ERPs mainly in the time window of 300–400 ms after picture onset. By contrast, phonemic overlap modulated ERPs from 500 ms to 600 ms. This pattern might suggest that speakers retrieved syllables before phonemes and strengthens the claim that for Chinese individuals syllables constitute primary functional representations (“proximate units”).
Age‐dependent hypoxia‐induced PD‐L1 upregulation in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Cubillos‐Zapata Carolina , Balbás‐García Cristina , Avendaño‐Ortiz Jose , Toledano Victor , Torres Marta , Almendros Isaac , Casitas Raquel , Zamarrón Ester , García‐Sánchez Aldara , Feliu Jaime , Aguirre Luis A. , Farre Ramón , López‐Collazo Eduardo , García‐Rio Francisco
Published: January 2019

Background and objective

In obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), intermittent hypoxia (IH) compromises immune surveillance through the upregulation of the programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) receptor and its ligand (PD‐L1). Because the risk of OSA‐related cancer depends on age, we assessed PD‐L1/PD‐1 expression in middle‐aged and older patients with OSA as well as in a murine model.

Methods

PD‐L1 expression was studied in 41 patients with severe OSA and 40 healthy volunteers (HV), divided into two groups (≤55 and >55 years of age). We used flow cytometry, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and ELISA to determine PD‐L1 expression on monocytes and plasma PD‐L1 protein levels. Moreover, we analysed PD‐L1 expression on an in vivo IH model with old and young mice.

Results

In subjects up to 55 years of age, severe OSA increased PD‐L1 surface protein and mRNA level expression on monocytes and soluble‐PD‐L1 protein concentration in plasma compared to HV. PD‐L1 and hypoxia‐induced factor (HIF)‐1α expression correlated with age in HV, whereas in patients with OSA there was a negative relationship. In the mice exposed to IH, PD‐L1 expression on F4/80+ splenocytes was also only increased in young animals. HIF‐1α expression was significantly higher in patients with OSA than in HV in subjects up to 55 years of age, while PD‐L1 expression in monocytes was related to HIF‐1α expression in young patients with OSA.

Conclusion

PD‐L1 upregulation in patients with OSA as a consequence of HIF‐1α activation occurs mainly in young patients. In older patients with OSA, upregulation was not detected, possibly due to impaired oxygen sensitivity.
Interprofessional learning for nursing students in practice periods: problems to overcome and possibilities for uniprofessional campuses
Authors: Kvilhaugsvik Bente , Rehnsfeldt Arne Wilhelm
Published: January 2019

There is an urgent need for educational institutions to prepare students for collaborative practices in health care in the years to come. Facilitation of interprofessional learning (IPL) can be challenging for small campuses with few healthcare and social care education programmes. The aim of this study was to identify hindrances to, and opportunities for accessible interprofessional learning, for nursing students in a uniprofessional learning environment on the Norwegian West coast. Three focus group interviews were conducted with the following groups: nursing teachers, a hospital rehabilitation team and informants from a municipal home rehabilitation team. The data were analysed by hermeneutical phenomenological method. The following four main themes emerged the following: the tradition for interprofessional learning is not yet well established, IPL in the context of existing teams is better than IPL with other students, there is an urgent need to strengthen and adjust professional responsibilities and roles, and there is a need for communication to overcome hindrances to IPL.
Noninvasive analysis of skin proteins in healthy Chinese subjects using an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer
Authors: Ma Jie , Xu Shuangjun , Wang Xiaomeng , Zhang Jing , Wang Yaochi , Liu Mengting , Jin Ling , Wu Mingshun , Qian Danfeng , Li Xueying , Zhen Qi , Guo Huimin , Gao Jinping , Yang Sen , Zhang Xuejun
Published: January 2019

Objective

The objective of this study was to perform noninvasive analysis of skin proteins in a healthy Chinese population using label‐free nanoflow liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (nLC‐MS).

Materials and Methods

Five consecutive tape strippings were obtained from the volar forearm skin of healthy Chinese subjects. Proteins were extracted, and trypsin‐digested peptides were analyzed by a nanochromatography instrument coupled to an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer. Data‐dependent acquisition allowed protein identification, which was performed by using Proteome Discoverer software (v2.2).

Results

In this study, we identified 80 common proteins that were expressed in the skin of healthy Chinese volunteers and divided these proteins into 16 categories, including keratins, cornified envelope proteins, and enzymes associated with substance metabolism. These proteins were closely associated with multiple functions of the skin barrier.

Conclusion

This study provides a noninvasive method to analyze healthy human epidermal proteins, which are closely associated with the skin barrier. In addition, this study provides a reference for further studies on the application of proteomic technologies to investigate the role of human epidermal proteins in health and disease.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of skin disease using multi‐view mobile images
Authors: Hong Geeyun , Lee Onseok
Published: January 2019

Background/Purpose

In skin beauty area, interest in diagnosis and management methods for acne is increasing. However, it is difficult to diagnose protruding skin disease by two‐dimensional (2D) image. Three‐dimensional (3D) approach is needed. The purpose of this study was to propose a system for reconstructing 3D model (visual hull) of 2D images obtained using mobile devices.

Methods

Acne images were acquired using a 3D printing mobile image acquisition system. Using two attached mirrors, five multi‐view acne silhouette images were obtained. They were then, reconstructed to 3D. To measure the volume of the formed 3D model (visual hull), post‐processing, calculation, and texture mapping were performed. The volume of acne samples designed with 3D printing was compared with the volume calculated in the produced system using statistical analysis program.

Results

The 3D modeling program demonstrated its superiority by showing high correlation (r = 0.783) between the actual volume of acne and the volume calculated by the system. The 3D model (visual hull) was successfully reconstructed by capturing 2D images of actual acne.

Conclusion

In this study, we created a system to reconstruct small sized protruding skin disease images such as acne obtained with mobile devices. The 3D printing system was used to obtain images from mobile camera and reconstructed to 3D. To verify the volume of the reconstructed model, 3D printing samples were produced and compared with the calculated actual volume. It can be used, for initial diagnosis by receiving information about the protruding skin disease without space‐time constraints using a mobile device.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: January 2019

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 12aAdalberto Felipe Martinez, Federal University of São Carlos, BrazilBahman Aalizadeh, IranEnisa Mede, Bahcesehir University, TurkeyLorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, PhilippinesMassimiliano Barattucci, Ecampus University, ItalyMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMichael Wall, Independent Researcher in Music and Music Education, USANiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanShabnam AsadKarami, IranSima Mokari Saei, IranVjacheslav Ivanovich Babich, Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Ukraine               Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Modeling Stabilization of Crane-Induced Ship Motion With Gyroscopic Control Using the Moving Frame Method
Authors: Flatlandsmo Josef , Smith Torbjørn , Halvorsen Ørjan O. , Impelluso Thomas J.
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a new method in multibody dynamics and applies it to the challenge of stabilizing ship motion induced by onboard crane operations. Norwegian industries are constantly assessing new technologies for more efficient and safer production in the aquacultural, renewable energy, and oil and gas industries. They share a common challenge to install new equipment and transfer personnel in a safe and controllable way between ships, fish farms, and oil platforms. This paper deploys the moving frame method (MFM) to analyze the motion induced by a crane, yet controlled by a gyroscopic inertial device. We represent the crane as a simple two-link system that transfers produce and equipment to and from barges. We analyze how an inertial flywheel can stabilize the ship during the transfer. Lie group theory and the work of Elie Cartan are the foundations of the MFM. This, together with a restriction on the variation of the angular velocity used in Hamilton's principle, enables an effective way of extracting the equations of motion for an open-loop system. Furthermore, this work displays the results in three-dimensional (3D) on cell phones. The long-term results of this work lead to a robust 3D active compensation method for loading/unloading operations offshore. Finally, the simplicity of the analysis anticipates the impending time of artificial intelligence when machines, equipped with onboard central processing units and internet protocol addresses, are empowered with learning modules to conduct their operations.
Modeling Framework for a Consistent Integration of Geometry Knowledge During Conceptual Design
Authors: Barbedienne Romain , Penas Olivia , Choley Jean-Yves , Hehenberger Peter
Published: January 2019

This paper proposes a modeling framework for a consistent geometrical data link between a system model and a spatial architecture modeling in a 3D computer-aided design (CAD) environment, with a model-based system engineering (MBSE) approach. Our approach, focused on the conceptual design stage, for the evaluation of 3D architecture under physical constraints, aims at improving the system design by ensuring data consistency during collaborative design. This model transformation platform will ensure a seamless geometrical consistency and traceability from the requirements to the further design stages. The theoretical formalization of our approach presents a consistent integration of geometry knowledge all along the conceptual design. Then, the corresponding modeling platform implementation between the developed system modeling language (SysML) geometrical extension and a 3D CAD tool is described before detailing an application on a conveyor case study.
Physics of the PhiTOP®
Authors: Brecher Kenneth , Cross Rod
Published: January 2019

The PhiTOP® (or ΦTOP®) is a physics toy designed not only to act as a spinning top but also to appeal to the eye and to the scientifically curious mind. It is currently made in two versions, one from solid aluminum and the other solid brass. Each top is highly polished, and is elliptical in one cross section and circular in another. It is therefore a prolate ellipsoid or a spheroid, as indicated in Fig. 1. Its name derives from the ratio of the lengths of the major to minor axes, which is equal to the golden mean Φ = (1+ √5)/2∼1.618. It functions in the same way as a spinning egg or a spinning football in that it rises on one end if it is initially set spinning at sufficient speed with its long axis horizontal. The center of mass rises in an unexpected and somewhat mysterious manner, an effect that it also shares with a tippe top.
An Intuitive Approach to Cosmic Horizons
Authors: Neat Adam
Published: January 2019

How far, in space, can we see? And can we see an object whose Hubble recessional velocity exceeds the speed of light? Maybe you’ve thought about these questions before, or perhaps you’ve seen them discussed in the literature or mentioned in the media. With the recent popularity of inflation and Big Bang cosmology, they’re hard to avoid. The discussion that follows is an attempt to resolve some common misconceptions—often seen in the popular literature—concerning the above two questions, and to do so in a way that appeals to kinematical intuition. A simple thought experiment will be used to initiate the discussion and to answer the question, “Can we see objects with faster-than-light recessional velocity?” Hubble’s law, along with a simple assumption about the kinematics of light in expanding space, will be used to derive expressions, customarily derived in a general relativistic context, that allow cosmologists to determine our observational limits and define our cosmological horizons. Some of the results may surprise you. Before we delve into the topic fully, though, let’s first lay some theoretical groundwork.
Newton’s Second Law to Go
Authors: Haugland Ole Anton
Published: January 2019

Students should have a strong conceptual understanding of the connection between force and acceleration before they start working with applications and problem solving. This has been discussed in the literature. During these days of flipped classroom instruction, an at-home activity could be especially valuable. I will describe an experiment with very simple equipment that students could do on their own. To give students a feeling of the connection between force and acceleration, it has been quite common to let them draw blocks or carts across the table with a rubber band or a metal spring. But keeping the rubber band or spring at constant length can be quite a challenge. Instead I was looking for some kind of dynamics cart track made from very simple equipment that students have at home.
Making Physics Courses Accessible for Blind Students: Strategies for Course Administration, Class Meetings, and Course Materials
Authors: Holt Megan , Gillen Daniel , Nandlall Sacha D. , Setter Kevin , Thorman Paul , Kane Suzanne Amador , Miller Christa Hixson , Cook Chelsea , Supalo Cary
Published: January 2019

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) mandates that U.S. institutions of higher education provide “reasonable accommodations” to students with disabilities to ensure equal educational opportunities. However, despite the key role of physics as a gateway to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) studies, only limited resources exist for teaching physics to students who are blind or visually impaired. Here we share lessons from our experience creating an accessible physics curriculum for a blind physics major. The authors include the student himself, a blind physics BS who graduated from a different institution, a PhD chemist and consultant on STEM accessibility who is himself blind, and several sighted educators and course assistants who worked regularly with the students. This article focuses on issues for which instructors are responsible: how to make class meetings, curricular materials, tutorials, and demonstrations accessible (as opposed to accommodations determined at an administrative level, such as additional time on tests). An online appendix provides additional resources and specifics to guide actual implementation of these ideas, including a guide to further reading.
Combining Active Learning Techniques and Service Learning in a Section of Physics I with Calculus Course
Authors: Trout Joseph Jude , Murphy Casey , Vukicevich Morgan
Published: January 2019

Active learning techniques are generally considered to be any classroom activities in which students become an active participant in learning, instead of a passive listener to a lecture. Service learning activities are generally experiential (real life) and reflective problem-based learning activities in which students enrolled in an academic course provide a needed service to a community partner. In the fall semester of 2016, one section of a calculus-based Physics I course included both active learning and service learning components. One of the several active learning activities used in this course was that demonstrations, traditionally performed by the instructor, were performed by the students for an audience of seventh- and eighth-graders. Prior to the presentations, the groups of students met with the instructor to learn and practice the demonstrations. After perfecting their presentations, the students invited seventh- and eighth-graders from an inner city school to a “Day of Science,” where they presented the demonstrations for part of the day. This paper reports on the active learning and service learning activities involved in the “Day of Science” and analyzes the results.
Determining the Speed of Sound as a Function of Temperature Using Arduino
Authors: Hahn Marcelo Dumas , de Oliveira Cruz Frederico Alan , Carvalho Paulo Simeão
Published: January 2019

When sound waves are taught at the secondary level, the speed of propagation of sound is one of the most important characteristics to be analyzed. However, it is very common in textbooks that the value of sound speed in air is considered constant regardless of the experimental conditions. The great question is that since sound is a mechanical wave, its speed is influenced by the medium of propagation and also by the temperature. In most cases, the techniques reported for that goal usually make use of expensive equipment and techniques that may not be affordable and/or easy to implement in schools, which is an experimental limitation for the teachers to show this influence on their students. In this work, we present a low-cost experimental apparatus, controlled by the open source electronic platform Arduino®, with which it is possible to determine the speed of propagation of sound as a function of the temperature for a short measuring region, thus enabling the students to verify experimentally this important feature of sound waves.
Shake-up threatens novel U.S. ecology facility
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

NEON science head quits, advisers fired after Battelle replaces two top managers.
The bones of Bears Ears
Authors: Reese April
Published: January 2019

Paleontologists struggle to protect sites that could rewrite Earth's history.