bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Logic Controller for an EV’s Dual-Source Hybridization
Authors: Jbari Hatim , Haidoury Mohamed , Askour Rachid , Bououlid Idrissi Badr
Published: September 2021

This paper presents an energy management system (EMS) based on fuzzy logic control (FLC) strategy combined with power filtering. This strategy is developed for an Electric Vehicle (EV) hybrid energy storage systems (HESS). The proposed control and energy management strategy (EMS) aims to ensure an efficient power split guaranteeing that battery and supercapacitors (SC) provide the continuous and transient-power, respectively, adopting a pure electric vehicle fully-active parallel topology. In order to develop the studied system model, the Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) approach is adopted. Considering SC’s control criterion, and battery root mean square RMS current reducing, an evaluation of the proposed EMS and developed model was conducted using MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation under New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and compared to the classical only battery storage configuration.
Application analysis of ANFIS strategy for greenhouse climate parameters prediction: Internal temperature and internal relative humidity case of study
Authors: Hamidane Hafsa , El Faiz Samira , Rkik Iliass , El Khayat Mohamed , Guerbaoui Mohammed , Ed-Dhhak Abdelali , Lachhab Abdeslam
Published: September 2021

The present paper, introduces Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) as one of the most mature and intelligent methods to predicte internal temperature and relative humidity of a greenhouse system. To conduct the application of the proposed strategy, an experimenntal greenhouse equipied with several sensors and actuators is engaged. In this sense a data base was collected during a period of day time where the temperature and relative humidity dynamics were observed inpresence of others climatic parameters and the actuators’ actions. The results demonstrate that by using ANFIS method, the predictions match the target points with a good accuracy. Therefore, the effectiveness of the strategy in term of both inside climate parameters’ prediction is guaranteed.
A robust controller for a variable-speed wind turbine using a single mass model
Authors: Afkari Aazdine , Lamzouri Fatima Ez-zahra , Boufounas El-Mahjoub
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a robust nonlinear controller based on integral sliding mode control (ISMC) strategy was proposed to maximize the captured energy for a variable speed wind turbine (VSWT). In order to reduce the reaching phase, an integral action is introduced in the switching surface of the sliding mode control (SMC) for a minimum steady state error. The controlled system stability is demonstrated using the Lyapunov theory and the trajectory tracking error converges in finite time to zero without any chattering problems. Various simulations, carried out via Matlab software, are discussed to highlight the proposed method performance, using a nonlinear single mass model. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed Integral SMC strategy ensures better response speed and smaller steady-state error compared to the standard SMC.
Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of high-manganese (0.9 C – 13.95 Mn) steel during aging
Authors: Ben lenda Omar , Benmaziane Sara , Tara Ahmed , Saad Elmadani
Published: September 2021

The influence of temperature on the structural and mechanical properties of the (0.9 C - 13.95 Mn) steel was investigated in this work. The high-manganese steel has underwent aging treatments at temperatures 700, 750, 800 and 850 °C for different times. The experimental techniques used are hardness test, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of the high-manganese steel during aging are almost the same. The aging of the high-manganese steel was characterized by a rapid hardening while the overaging by a slow softening. In aging, the dispersion of fine M7C3carbides in the austenite led to an increase in hardness. In overaging, the softening was caused by the coarsening of the M7C3carbides.
Optimization of the calculation time in simulation using the GATE/GEANT4 Monte Carlo of radiotherapy treatment plans for small fields
Authors: Tantaoui Meriem , Krim Mustapha , Ghazi Ismail , Sobhy Zineb , Kaanouch Othmane , Kartouni Abdelkrim , Sahraoui Souha
Published: September 2021

Radiation therapy is one of the most widely used methods of treating cancer. One of the therapeutic gains of this method is to save in terms of calculation time during treatment planning, the variance reduction method is one of the most used to reduce the calculation time except that there are other alternatives to be able to optimize as much as possible, hence the interest of this study. In this work, we compared by Monte-Carlo simulation the flattened and unflattened 6 MV photon beams of the VARIAN Clinac 2100 linear accelerator. All the elements of the accelerator were simulated and allowed us to reproduce very close to reality. The doses obtained by simulation were taken in a tank of water under reference conditions, source to surface distance (SSD) of 100 cm, the arm at 0 ° and for a field variation of 2 x 2 cm2, 3 x 3 cm2, 4 x 4 cm2, 5 x 5 cm2, 10 x 10 cm2, 20 x 20 cm2, 30 x 30 cm2, 40 x 40 cm2. For each field, we calculated using a beam with a flattening filter (FF) and another beam with flattening filter-free (FFF). The calculation time of all these simulations was recorded. The results showed that the shape of the dose profiles changes according to the FF and FFF mode with a very interesting change for fields greater than 5 x 5 cm2 and almost similar profiles for the fields 2 x 2 cm2, 3 x 3 cm2, 4 x 4 cm2, 5 x 5cm2. The region between 80% and 100% of doses for beams with FF contributes to dose uniformity while for FFF fields gives the appearance of symmetry of dose distribution for all fields combined. On the depth dose curves (PDD) the dose at the entry into FFF mode was greater than that of FF mode leading to an increase in the influence of photons, the latter thus important on the increase in dose rate. The computation time in FF mode is higher by a proportion factor of 0.85 to 7.36 compared to the FFF mode respectively by going from the field 2 x 2 cm2 to 40 x 40 cm2. This comparison leads to being able to neglect the flattening filter for fields smaller than 5 x 5 cm2 since it has no impact on the processing field but has a great impact on the calculation time and to have a mode without this filter for fields smaller than 5 x 5 cm2 leads to an optimization of the computation time of 1.35 times compared to the FF mode.
Modeling and Control of Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor Hybrid Source Based on Energetic Macroscopic Representation
Authors: Haidoury Mohamed , Jbari Hatim , Rachidi Mohammed
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we present a dynamic simulator that uses a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). This source, is used as a primary source with a supercapacitor (SC) considered as a secondary source. This simulator integrates a PEMFC’s dynamic model, validated on the Bahia bench and a semi-empirical model of SC. The developed model is implemented using the macroscopic energetic representation tool (EMR). The energy management system (EMS) is based on rule-based power management, where a low-pass filter splits the power among sources (PEMFC and SCs) using a cut-off frequency of 0.2Hz, and a controller block that regulates the bus voltage deduced by the EMR’s inversion-based control approach.
VSSAgri: A Vegetation Surveillance System for precision Agriculture application
Authors: Saddik Amine , Latif Rachid , El Ouardi Abdelhafid , Elhoseney Mohamed
Published: September 2021

The integration of low-cost systems in precision agriculture applications has shown great benefits, both in terms of the variety of applications and the tools used. In this paper, we present a monitoring platform for agricultural applications based on low-cost systems—also, a review on the different applications of precision agriculture. The proposed platform contains a guidance system based on stepper motors, as well as an embedded architecture for processing the various applications. The guidance system helps to drive the system in the vertical axis for multispectral camera processing. The guidance system helps to move the system in the vertical axis for processing multispectral cameras and in the horizontal axis for the movement of the two bars that will support the system. This platform was inspired by the principle of the scanner, which aims to extract all the information by sliding the scan tool. In the same way, in our case, the sliding will allow us to process the whole agricultural field. The platform proposed in this work has shown that it can be used in different types of the greenhouse, as well as for all types of applications.
Arabic Topic Identification: A Decade Scoping Review
Authors: El Kah Anoual , Zeroual Imad
Published: September 2021

Arabic topic identification is a part of text classification that aims to assign a given text a set of pre-defined classes (i.e., topics) based on its content and extracted features. This task can be performed using rule-based methods or data-driven approaches. These latter gained more popularity since they require much less human effort to accurately classify a large number of documents. Due to the tremendous growth of Web contents primarily in news websites and social media, topic identification had received a great deal of attention over the last years, and has become a cornerstone of both search engines and information retrieval. The Arabic language is the fourth most used language on the web and records the highest growth in the last two decades (2000–2020). Based on these facts currently available, it seems fair to look closer at the advancements in the Arabic topic identification in the last decade. To this end, we performed the first of its kind scoping review that addresses recent studies in the field of Arabic topic identification that follows the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. This review is based on various online bibliographic databases (e.g., Springer, ScienceDirect, and IEEE Xplore) and datasets search engines (e.g., Google Dataset Search).
Application of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for clustering financial tweets
Authors: Fatima-Zahrae Sifi , Wafae Sabbar , Amal El Mzabi
Published: September 2021

Sentiment classification is one of the hottest research areas among the Natural Language Processing (NLP) topics. While it aims to detect sentiment polarity and classification of the given opinion, requires a large number of aspect extractions. However, extracting aspect takes human effort and long time. To reduce this, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method have come out recently to deal with this issue.In this paper, an efficient preprocessing method for sentiment classification is presented and will be used for analyzing user’s comments on Twitter social network. For this purpose, different text preprocessing techniques have been used on the dataset to achieve an acceptable standard text. Latent Dirichlet Allocation has been applied on the obtained data after this fast and accurate preprocessing phase. The implementation of different sentiment analysis methods and the results of these implementations have been compared and evaluated. The experimental results show that the combined uses of the preprocessing method of this paper and Latent Dirichlet Allocation have an acceptable results compared to other basic methods.
Machine Learning Frameworks in Cancer Detection
Authors: Pramanik Sabyasachi , Martin Sagayam K. , Jena Om Prakash
Published: September 2021

Cancer has been described as a diverse illness with several distinct subtypes that may occur simultaneously. As a result, early detection and forecast of cancer types have graced essentially in cancer fact-finding methods since they may help to improve the clinical treatment of cancer survivors. The significance of categorizing cancer suffers into higher or lower-threat categories has prompted numerous fact-finding associates from the bioscience and genomics field to investigate the utilization of machine learning (ML) algorithms in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Because of this, these methods have been used with the goal of simulating the development and treatment of malignant diseases in humans. Furthermore, the capacity of machine learning techniques to identify important characteristics from complicated datasets demonstrates the significance of these technologies. These technologies include Bayesian networks and artificial neural networks, along with a number of other approaches. Decision Trees and Support Vector Machines which have already been extensively used in cancer research for the creation of predictive models, also lead to accurate decision making. The application of machine learning techniques may undoubtedly enhance our knowledge of cancer development; nevertheless, a sufficient degree of validation is required before these approaches can be considered for use in daily clinical practice. An overview of current machine learning approaches utilized in the simulation of cancer development is presented in this paper. All of the supervised machine learning approaches described here, along with a variety of input characteristics and data samples, are used to build the prediction models. In light of the increasing trend towards the use of machine learning methods in biomedical research, we offer the most current papers that have used these approaches to predict risk of cancer or patient outcomes in order to better understand cancer.
Hybrid classical-quantum computing: Applications to statistical mechanics of financial markets
Authors: Ingber Lester
Published: September 2021

Hybrid Classical-Quantum computing is now offered by several commercial quantum computers. In this project, a model of financial options, Statistical Mechanics of Financial Markets (SMFM), uses this approach. However, only Classical (super-)computers are used to include the quantum features of these models. Since 1989, Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA), an optimization code using importance-sampling, has fit parameters in such models. Since 2015, PATHINT, a path-integral numerical agorithm, has been used to describe several systems in several disciplines. PATHINT has been generalized from 1 dimension to N dimensions, and from classical to quantum systems into qPATHINT. Published papers have described the use of qPATHINT to neocortical interactions and financial options. The classical space modeled by SMFM fits parameters in conditional short-time probability distributions of nonlinear nonequilibrium multivariate statistical mechanics, while the quantum space modeled by qPATHINT describes quantum money. This project demonstrates how some hybrid classical-quantum systems may be calculated using only classical (super-)computers.
A multi-layered DIKW framework in education quality assurance for ensuring economic sustainability
Authors: Artyukhov Artem , Volk Iurii , Vasylieva Tetyana
Published: September 2021

The paper presents an improved DIKW+DM model which allows organizing not only the workflow of information processing and knowledge acquisition (with their subsequent application to determining the socio-economic impact of the education quality system), but also a decision-making algorithm in order to optimize the functioning of the education quality system. A detailed description of the DIKW+DM model sublayers is given with an algorithm for logical transition between sublayers in order to provide a rational solution based on the results of data collection, their systematization and analysis. On the basis of the model, recommendations are proposed for ensuring the effective functioning of education quality systems at various levels. In addition to internal assurance of the quality of education, attention is also paid to external control of the effectiveness of this system’s functioning. The sublayers of the DIKW+DM model are coupled with the criteria for educational programs quality assurance from the National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance of Ukraine.
The influence of climate change on the life insurance in the EU: A panel data approach
Authors: Melnychenko Oleksandr , Kalna-Dubinyuk Tetyana , Vovchak Olha , Girchenko Tetiana
Published: September 2021

The financial sector, as one of the most sensitive economic sectors, is alert to all trends and changes in the environment. The aim of the article is to study the impact of climate change on the life insurance market using panel data from 28 countries of the European Union (EU) for the last 9 years. This study is based on a panel model, where the amount of premiums under life insurance contracts is defined as a function of the fundamental factor of climate change - greenhouse gas emissions. According to empirical findings, an increase in greenhouse gas emissions per thousand tons leads to an increase in the amount of life insurance premiums by 0.1786 million euros. It has also been found that an increase in greenhouse gas emissions per thousand tons leads to an increase in deaths in the European Union by 1.0442 people, and these consequences are statistically significant. In general, our results suggest that the life insurance market as well as the non-life insurance market is dependent on climate change. The empirical results of this study provide valuable insight into how greenhouse gas emissions affect mortality in the European Union.
Sustainability in the hospitality industry in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of the hospitality industry in Poland
Authors: Dahlke Paweł , Orfin-Tomaszewska Katarzyna , Sosnowski Piotr
Published: September 2021

The article aims to discuss the implementation of the sustainable development goals on the example of Polish hotels in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to national and international restrictions and limitations, and, consequently, the inability of hotel facilities to operate in full capacity, it was important and legitimate for the authors to look at how the facilities achieved their own goals and how they corresponded with the assumptions of sustainable development in this difficult time. The article is based on case studies and practical experience of one of the authors. The data comes from secondary and primary sources, including: a survey conducted among 102 hotel facilities in Poland (CAWI method) and a case study of a chain hotel. The data was analysed in an exploratory and descriptive manner. A significant contribution is the original approach to interpreting the market situation in the Polish hospitality industry and an attempt to indicate the direction in which it will develop. The most important conclusions include the fact that many of the tasks and initiatives carried out by the observed facilities are part of the UN SDGs, and the situation during the pandemic influenced their temporal limitation or was not relevant for them. The conducted research made it possible to clearly indicate specific recommendations for the further development of hotel facilities in accordance with the sustainable development concept.
Error estimate of the non-intrusive reduced basis method with finite volume schemes
Authors: Grosjean Elise , Maday Yvon
Published: September 2021

The context of this paper is the simulation of parameter-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs). When the aim is to solve such PDEs for a large number of parameter values, Reduced Basis Methods (RBM) are often used to reduce computational costs of a classical high fidelity code based on Finite Element Method (FEM), Finite Volume (FVM) or Spectral methods. The efficient implementation of most of these RBM requires to modify this high fidelity code, which cannot be done, for example in an industrial context if the high fidelity code is only accessible as a "black-box" solver. The Non-Intrusive Reduced Basis (NIRB) method has been introduced in the context of finite elements as a good alternative to reduce the implementation costs of these parameter-dependent problems. The method is efficient in other contexts than the FEM one, like with finite volume schemes, which are more often used in an industrial environment. In this case, some adaptations need to be done as the degrees of freedom in FV methods have different meanings. At this time, error estimates have only been studied with FEM solvers. In this paper, we present a generalisation of the NIRB method to Finite Volume schemes and we show that estimates established for FEM solvers also hold in the FVM setting. We first prove our results for the hybrid-Mimetic Finite Difference method (hMFD), which is part the Hybrid Mixed Mimetic methods (HMM) family. Then, we explain how these results apply more generally to other FV schemes. Some of them are specified, such as the Two Point Flux Approximation (TPFA).
An Overview of Wind Resource Assessments With Special Reference to The Emirate of Ajman, UAE
Authors: Fasel Kais Muhammed , Darwish Abdul Salam K. , Farrell Peter , Kazem Hussein
Published: September 2021

The continuous increase in clean energy demand and reduced CO2 emissions in the UAE and specifically the Emirate of Ajman has put an extreme challenge to the Government. Ajman is one of the seven emirates constituting the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Ajman is located along the Arabian Gulf on its West and bordered by the Emirate of Sharjah on its North, South, and East. The government is taking huge steps in including sustainability principles and clean energy in all of its developments. Successful implementation of green architecture law decree No 10 of 2018 effectively is a sign of such an initiative. Renewable energy sources in this country have had two folds of interest in solar and wind. Recent research works supported the feasibility of using wind energy as an alternative clean source of energy. Site-specific and accurate wind speed information is the first step in the process of bankable wind potential and wind Atlas. This study has compared how wind speed and its distribution varies for similar offshore and onshore locations between two different mesoscale data sources. Also, discussed the main environmental characteristics of Ajman that would influence the implementation of a major wind energy project. In addition, the study made a brief critical overview of the major studies undertaken in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region on wind resource assessment. Finally, based on the results, the study makes conclusions, recommendations and a way forward for a bankable wind resources assessment in the Emirate of Ajman. This paper would alert the wind energy industry about the consequence of not considering the best error corrected site specific suitable wind resource data along with other environmental characteristics. The study results show that for offshore, there is 2.9 m/s and for Onshore 4.9 m/s variations in wind speed at the same location between ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA-5) and NASA Satellite data. Hence It is concluded that error corrected site-specific wind resource assessment is mandatory for assessing the available bankable wind potential since there are considerable variations in wind speed distributions between mesoscale data sets for similar locations. The study also identifies that the Emirate of Ajman has limited space for onshore wind farms; hence the offshore site seems to have good potential that can be utilised for energy generation. However, individual wind turbines can be installed for exploiting the available site-specific onshore wind energy. Finally, the study recommends a way forward for a comprehensive wind resource assessment to help the Emirate of Ajman form a sustainable wind power generation policy.
Development of five-moment two-fluid modeling for Z-pinch physics
Authors: Meier E. T. , Shumlak U.
Published: September 2021

The Z-pinch m = 0 instability as well as its stabilization by radially sheared axial flow is studied using the nonlinear ideal five-moment two-fluid (5M2F) model with an extension of that model to include Braginskii heat and momentum transport. Using the ideal 5M2F model, linear growth rate results are compared with prior work using MHD and Hall MHD. At small normalized wavenumber, 1<ka<4, where a is the effective pinch radius, 5M2F results agree with Hall MHD within ≈20% in scenarios without radially sheared axial flow. With the sheared flow and focusing on ka = 10/3, agreement with Hall MHD is excellent. In the limit of small ion inertial length, results also match with MHD. A comparison with PIC modeling of shear-free m = 0 stability focuses on a plasma scenario based on recent experimental results. In a scan of mode wavenumber, ideal 5M2F results are qualitatively similar to PIC: the growth rate rises to a peak at a moderate wavenumber and declines at a large wavenumber in contrast to MHD results, which show the saturation of the growth rate with the increasing wavenumber rather than a decline. The peak normalized 5M2F growth rate is γτA=1.5, where τA is the Alfvén transit time across the pinch. The peak occurs at normalized wavenumber ka = 10. For comparison, PIC results have a peak growth of γτA=0.77 at ka = 5. Including Braginskii-based closure of the 5M2F model does not qualitatively change the ideal results in this particular case. Nonlinear saturation is studied using the 5M2F model with the dissipative Braginskii-based closure in cases with pinch-edge sheared-flow speed equal to half the Alfvén speed. Nonlinear mixing due to the sheared flow yields a quasi-steady state after modest losses of pinch ion inventory and pinch thermal energy, approximately 30% and 10%, respectively. 5M2F modeling captures the essential physics of m = 0 instability and offers a computationally tractable route to high-fidelity modeling of 3D Z-pinch behavior, including m = 1 instability.
Study of the interaction of two decaying grid-generated turbulent flows
Authors: Kamruzzaman Md. , Djenidi Lyazid , Antonia R. A.
Published: September 2021

Hot-wire measurements are carried out in a decaying turbulence downstream of a grid made up of two juxtaposed perforated plates with different mesh sizes but same solidity. The two perforated plates generate two interacting (quasi–) homogeneous and isotropic decaying turbulent flows with distinct turbulence intensities and integral length scales. The interaction between these two flows leads to the development of a shearless turbulent mixing layer (STML). The main focus is on the decay of the turbulence centerline of the STML. Along the downstream distance x, the Taylor microscale Reynolds number, Reλ, remains constant, the streamwise velocity variance behaves like x−1, and the Taylor microscale (λ) varies as x1/2. This indicates that the turbulence on the centerline of the STML decays in a perfectly self-preserving manner at all scales of motion. This is further supported by the very good collapse of the velocity spectra, second-, and third-order velocity structure functions.
Electro-osmotic flow through nanochannel with different surface charge configurations: A molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Gogoi Abhijit , Reddy K. Anki , Mondal Pranab Kumar
Published: September 2021

Electro-osmotic flow behavior through rectangular graphene nanochannels with different charge (negative in nature) configurations is discussed in detail using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Alternate patterning of charged and neutral stripes on the surface of the nanochannel lowers the water permeance and electro-osmotic flow velocity through the nanochannel. For all of the charge configurations, water permeance and electro-osmotic velocity through the nanochannel increase as surface charge density (σ) increases from 0.005 to 0.025 C m−2. This can be attributed to the increase in the number of counterions (Na+ ions) near the surface of the nanochannel. However, with further increase in σ, water permeance and electro-osmotic velocity through the nanochannel gradually decrease despite the increase in the number of counterions near the surface of the nanochannel. This is because of the significant increase in electrostatic interaction between the water molecules and the surface of the nanochannel. At a lower value of σ (σ≤0.025 C m−2), the overall interaction between the water molecules and the surface of the nanochannel is significantly dominated by van der Waals (vdW) interactions (electrostatic/vdW ≤0.40). The slip velocity of water molecules in the charged stripe portion of the wall (SlipCharge) is higher as compared to the slip velocity of water molecules in the neutral stripe portion (SlipNeutral) except at σ=0.2 cm−2. This difference between SlipCharge and SlipNeutral is highest at σ=0.025 C m−2 with SlipCharge > SlipNeutral, for all of the charge configurations.
Integrating multiple physical properties of microchannel gas flow to extend the Navier–Stokes equations over a wide Knudsen number range
Authors: Dong Jing-Wu , Huang Chih-Yung
Published: September 2021

Gas flow in microchannels can be predicted by the Navier–Stokes equations with slip boundary conditions, but only limited to a slightly rarefied flow regime. To improve that, the considerations of the effective mean free path and the volume diffusion phenomena were introduced to the non-kinetic model by previous studies separately. In this study, these two effects, along with the newly proposed wall-to-wall-collision effect, are integrated to extend the Navier–Stokes equations for the planar Poiseuille flows over a wide Knudsen number (Kn) range. The dimensionless mass flow rates calculated by the proposed model can be consistent among different working fluids or flow conditions and mostly agree with the experimental data with Kn≅0.03−57. This analysis facilitates an understanding of the mutual effects on the physical properties of microchannel gas flows and shows a promising prospect for developing a non-kinetic model for highly rarefied flows.
Mode-one internal tides propagating across a geostrophic current
Authors: He Yangxin , Lamb Kevin G.
Published: September 2021

As a mode-1 internal tide (IT) propagates across a geostrophic current V(x, z), we have investigated the amount of IT energy reflected from the current and the impact of the current on the transmitted wave field. These are quantified by considering the reflection coefficient R and the linear modal energy conversion Pn, where n is the modal number. Here, a linear theory built upon idealized barotropic currents is presented. Fully nonlinear numerical simulations are used for the baroclinic currents. We conclude that the reflection is determined by the horizontal shear of the current Vx through varying the effective frequency feff. The modal energy conversion Pn is determined by the vertical shear of the current Vz, i.e., the horizontal variation of the density ρx as a result of the thermal wind relation. The current can increase R up to around 50%. However, Pn is less than 6% among all our simulations. This indicates that IT can propagate through the current without losing much of its structure and the interaction is mostly linear.
Wildlife of the Box-Ironbark Country
Authors: Tzaros Chris
Published: September 2021

Victoria's Box–Ironbark region is one of the most important areas of animal diversity and significance in southern Australia. The forests and woodlands of this region provide critical habitat for a diverse array of woodland-dependent animals, including many threatened and declining species such as the Squirrel Glider, Brush-tailed Phascogale, Regent Honeyeater, Swift Parrot, Pink-tailed Worm-Lizard, Woodland Blind Snake, Tree Goanna and Bibron's Toadlet.

Wildlife of the Box–Ironbark Country gives a comprehensive overview of the ecology of the Box–Ironbark habitats and their wildlife, and how climate change is having a major influence. This extensively revised second edition covers all of the mammals, birds, reptiles and frogs that occur in the region, with a brief description of their distribution, status, ecology and identification, together with a detailed distribution map and superb colour photograph for each species. The book includes a 'Where to watch' section, featuring a selection of national parks, state parks and nature conservation reserves where people can experience the ecosystem and its wildlife for themselves.

This book is intended for land managers, conservation and wildlife workers, fauna consultants, landholders, teachers, students, naturalists and all those interested in learning about and appreciating the wildlife of this fascinating and endangered ecosystem.
Suberin plasticity to developmental and exogenous cues is regulated by a set of MYB transcription factors
Authors: Shukla Vinay , Han Jian-Pu , Cléard Fabienne , Lefebvre-Legendre Linnka , Gully Kay , Flis Paulina , Berhin Alice , Andersen Tonni G. , Salt David E. , Nawrath Christiane , Barberon Marie
Published: September 2021

Significance

Endodermal suberin plays crucial roles in plant nutrition by forming barriers for the free diffusion of water and nutrients. Suberin formation is tightly regulated by exogenous and developmental cues, which independently control suberin deposition in the endodermis. A set of four MYB transcription factors, expressed in the endodermis and responding to suberin-inducing conditions, individually prompt suberization and include the MYBs required for suberin formation and regulation. Overexpressing these transcription factors specifically in the endodermis or mutating all four led to plants specifically overproducing or underproducing endodermal suberin, respectively. Physiological analysis of these plants allowed us to decipher the role of suberin independently of synthetic transgenes and other endodermal barriers.
Shear-induced orientational ordering in an active glass former
Authors: Mandal Rituparno , Sollich Peter
Published: September 2021

Significance

Dense active matter systems are ubiquitous in nature, with examples ranging from the cytoplasm to tissues of motile cells to vehicular traffic jams. Many recent studies have explored the dynamical and transport aspects of such active glasses. However, an understanding of the rheological behavior of these fascinating out-of-equilibrium systems (i.e., their response to mechanical deformation) remains elusive. Using extensive molecular dynamics simulation of a model active glassy system under steady shear, we establish the existence of different dynamical states: disordered, propulsion-induced ordered, and shear-induced ordered (SIO). Combining simulation results with an analytical theory, we rationalize the qualitative features of the SIO state, which is facilitated by the applied shear and appears without any alignment interactions or particle shape anisotropies.
Transdermal vaccination via 3D-printed microneedles induces potent humoral and cellular immunity
Authors: Caudill Cassie , Perry Jillian L. , Iliadis Kimon , Tessema Addis T. , Lee Brian J. , Mecham Beverly S. , Tian Shaomin , DeSimone Joseph M.
Published: September 2021

Significance

Vaccination is essential for combatting emerging epidemics and pandemics. Microneedle patches designed to precisely deliver cargos into the intradermal space, rich in immune cells, provide a noninvasive and self-applicable vaccination approach, eliminating the need for hypodermic needles and trained medical personnel for vaccine administration. Here, we show that advanced 3D printing methods allow for the manufacturing of polymeric microneedles of controlled geometries (difficult to manufacture using traditional methods) designed to enhance vaccine component coating. Using model vaccine components, we demonstrated that 3D-printed microneedle delivery resulted in enhanced cargo retention in the skin, activation of immune cells, and more potent humoral and cellular immune responses as compared with traditional vaccination routes.
Tuned vibration modes in a miniature hearing organ: Insights from the bushcricket
Authors: Vavakou Anna , Scherberich Jan , Nowotny Manuela , van der Heijden Marcel
Published: September 2021

Significance

Most hearing organs contain an array of sensory cells that act as miniature microphones, each tuned to its own frequency like piano strings. Acoustically communicating insects like bushcrickets have evolved miniscule hearing organs, typically smaller than 1 mm, in their forelegs. It is still unknown how the sensory structures inside the leg vibrate in response to sound. Using advanced imaging techniques, we meticulously mapped the nanovibrations in the bushcricket ear. We discovered a complex motion pattern in which structures separated by only 1/50 mm showed systematic tuning differences. Despite the insect ear’s tiny dimensions, its mode of operation strikingly resembled that of vertebrate ears. Apparently, evolution has provided similar solutions to the spectral processing of sounds.
Shotgun scanning glycomutagenesis: A simple and efficient strategy for constructing and characterizing neoglycoproteins
Authors: Li Mingji , Zheng Xiaolu , Shanker Sudhanshu , Jaroentomeechai Thapakorn , Moeller Tyler D. , Hulbert Sophia W. , Koçer Ilkay , Byrne Josef , Cox Emily C. , Fu Qin , Zhang Sheng , Labonte Jason W. , Gray Jeffrey J. , DeLisa Matthew P.
Published: September 2021

Significance

Asparagine-linked (
N
-linked) protein glycosylation—the covalent attachment of complex sugars to the nitrogen atom in asparagine side chains—is the most widespread posttranslational modification to proteins and also the most complex.
N-
glycosylation affects a significant number of cellular proteins and can have profound effects on their most important attributes such as biological activity, chemical solubility, folding and stability, immunogenicity, and serum half-life. Accordingly, the strategic installation of glycans at naïve sites has become an attractive means for endowing proteins with advantageous biological and/or biophysical properties. Here, we describe a glycoprotein engineering strategy that enables systematic investigation of the structural and functional consequences of glycan installation at every position along a protein backbone and provides a new route to bespoke glycoproteins.
Right-wing populist media events in Schengen Europe
Authors: Lamour Christian
Published: September 2021

Leaders of European right-wing populism (RWP) have developed speeches about the state border control required to
protect the “people” electing them. Nevertheless, are these RWP narratives necessarily circulated during populist media events
that take place in the symbolic locations of European integration? It is argued that border control discourse in these EU places
can be mitigated by RWP actors, but also emphasized by the media depending on the separated predispositions of politicians and
reporters to address the border issue in a given context. Bourdieusian “field theory” is used in this article to grasp the
potential differentiated discursive positioning. Based on a comparative analysis of RWP media events organized in the town of
Schengen in Luxembourg, the investigation allows us to shed new light on the specificities of populism in the media.
Investigating the impact of a semester-long study abroad program on L2 reading and vocabulary development
Authors: Borràs Judith , Llanes Àngels
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the impact that a semester-long study abroad program has on the L2 reading and vocabulary development of a group of Catalan/Spanish bilinguals learning English as an L2 (n = 30). Another objective is to determine whether gains in participants’ vocabulary and reading – if any – are related to their initial L2 proficiency and L2 vocabulary level. Participants were administered (1) a reading text, (2) the Updated Vocabulary Levels Test, (3) a written essay, (4) a placement test and (5) an online questionnaire before and after their SA experiences. The results suggest that the sojourn was positive for participants’ reading comprehension, receptive vocabulary and lexical accuracy, but not for reading fluency, lexical fluency, lexical density and lexical sophistication. It was also found that the students’ initial L2 vocabulary and proficiency level were related to gains in receptive vocabulary and reading comprehension.
Dual spindles assemble in bovine zygotes despite the presence of paternal centrosomes
Authors: Schneider Isabell , de Ruijter-Villani Marta , Hossain M. Julius , Stout Tom A.E. , Ellenberg Jan
Published: September 2021

The first mitosis of the mammalian embryo must partition the parental genomes contained in two pronuclei. In rodent zygotes, sperm centrosomes are degraded, and instead, acentriolar microtubule organizing centers and microtubule self-organization guide the assembly of two separate spindles around the genomes. In nonrodent mammals, including human or bovine, centrosomes are inherited from the sperm and have been widely assumed to be active. Whether nonrodent zygotes assemble a single centrosomal spindle around both genomes or follow the dual spindle self-assembly pathway is unclear. To address this, we investigated spindle assembly in bovine zygotes by systematic immunofluorescence and real-time light-sheet microscopy. We show that two independent spindles form despite the presence of centrosomes, which had little effect on spindle structure and were only loosely connected to the two spindles. We conclude that the dual spindle assembly pathway is conserved in nonrodent mammals. This could explain whole parental genome loss frequently observed in blastomeres of human IVF embryos.
Women in radiation (WiR)—a perspective for the strengthening of radiation protection
Authors: Voigt Gabriele , Martinez Nicole E , Garnier-Laplace Jacqueline , Maher Florence , Cousins Claire , Hirth Gillian , Czarwinski Renate , Sapoi Ruxandra , Suzuki Kazuyo , Qiu Rui , Belinco Melina , Di Giorgio Marina
Published: September 2021

Gender balance refers to the equitable treatment and access to opportunities for all genders. In order to achieve true gender balance, a variety of proactive approaches developed collaboratively, with insight from multiple perspectives, need to be implemented. With that purpose, the participation of women in professions related to radiation and radiation protection was prioritised and given high visibility by allocating a ‘Women in Radiation’ (WiR) Special Session at the 15th International Congress of the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA), hosted by South Korea on 20 January 2021. In this session, various issues related to gender balance and equity/equality were highlighted by the panellists, and further elaborated in a subsequent discussion with attendees. The main goal of the WiR Special Session was to convene women from different organisations, career and age stages, disciplines and countries, in particular to consider the Asian–Oceanic vision and status of gender equality, along with other topics to support a ‘Call for Action’, with concrete recommendations subsequently provided to IRPA. The discussion stressed the main needs and challenges faced by women working in various radiation fields, along with raising awareness of possible professional and employment opportunities. This paper identifies some steps necessary to encourage, enhance and support the inclusion of more diversity in nuclear professions with specific emphasis on women. In conclusion, gender balance and equality must be at the heart of any strategic plan for the future of the radiological protection profession; international cooperation between relevant bodies is essential for success and could serve as a catalyst for specific policy statements aimed at achieving a balanced representation of women in radiological protection.
Feasibility of longitudinal monitoring of atherosclerosis with pulse wave imaging in a swine model
Authors: Kemper Paul , Nauleau Pierre , Karageorgos Grigorios , Weber Rachel , Kwon Nancy , Szabolcs Matthias , Konofagou Elisa
Published: September 2021

Objective. Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease characterized by compositional and mechanical changes in the arterial walls that lead to a plaque buildup. Depending on its geometry and composition, a plaque can ruptured and cause stroke, ischemia or infarction. Pulse wave imaging (PWI) is an ultrasound-based technique developed to locally quantify the stiffness of arteries. This technique has shown promising results when applied to patients. The objective of this study is to assess the capability of PWI to monitor the disease progression in a swine model that mimics human pathology. Approach. The left common carotid of three hypercholesterolemic Wisconsin miniature swines, fed an atherogenic diet, was ligated. Ligated and contralateral carotids were imaged once a month over 9 months, at a high-frame-rate, with a 5-plane wave compounding sequence and a 5 MHz linear array. Each acquisition was repeated after probe repositioning to evaluate the reproducibility. Wall displacements were estimated from the beamformed RF-data and were arranged as spatiotemporal maps depicting the wave propagation. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) estimated by tracking the 50% upstroke of the wave was converted in compliance using the Bramwell–Hill model. At the termination of the experiment, the carotids were extracted for histology analysis. Main results. PWI was able to monitor the evolution of compliance in both carotids of the animals. Reproducibility was demonstrated as the difference of PWV between cardiac cycles was similar to the difference between acquisitions (9.04% versus 9.91%). The plaque components were similar to the ones usually observed in patients. Each animal presented a unique pattern of compliance progression, which was confirmed by the plaque composition observed histologically. Significance. This study provides important insights on the vascular wall stiffness progression in an atherosclerotic swine model. It therefore paves the way for a thorough longitudinal study that examines the role of stiffness in both the plaque formation and plaque progression.
A non-renormalizable B-L model with Q
4 × Z
4 × Z
2 flavor symmetry for cobimaximal neutrino mixing
Authors: Vien V. V.
Published: September 2021

We construct a non-renormalizable gauge

model based on

symmetry that successfully explains the cobimaximal lepton mixing scheme. Small active neutrino masses and both neutrino mass hierarchies are produced via the type-I seesaw mechanism at the tree-level. The model is predictive; hence, it reproduces the cobimaximal lepton mixing scheme, and the reactor neutrino mixing angle

and the solar neutrino mixing angle

can obtain best-fit values from recent experimental data. Our model also predicts the effective neutrino mass parameters of

and

for normal ordering (NO) and

and

for inverted ordering (IO), which are highly consistent with recent experimental constraints.
Investigation of premature failure of hip joint replacement
Authors: Hanusová P , Palček P , Roszak M , Zatkalíková V
Published: September 2021

Hip joint replacement is one of the most frequently used surgical procedures worldwide. Currently, more than 340 of the total 4431 implants per year are reoperated in Slovakia. Despite the excellent properties of the titanium alloy, endoprosthesis often fails and hip replacement is necessary. Common causes are inflammation and aseptic loosening. Other causes of failure include injury, implantation failure, manufacturing inaccuracies, and aseptic loosening. The case study of a failed endoprosthesis is carried out in cooperation with the Orthopaedic Clinic of the University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia. The patient necessarily needed THA and this paper deals with the causes of failure of his total hip joint replacement.