bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness using Telehealth for Primary Care Before and After COVID-19 Pandemic Onset
Authors: Leung Lucinda B. , Zhang Eunice , Chu Karen , Yoo Caroline , Gabrielian Sonya , Der-Martirosian Claudia
Published: January 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic expanded telehealth use across healthcare systems, including the Veterans Health Administration (VA). Little is known about how large-scale telehealth rollout affected access to primary care for patients experiencing homelessness.

Objective

To examine the extent to which homeless-experienced veterans used telehealth services in primary care and to characterize users before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design

Retrospective cohort study, 3/16/2019–3/15/2022.

Participants

394,731 veterans with homelessness diagnoses nationally using 4,068,109 primary care visits.

Main Measures

The outcomes were use of 1 + telehealth visits (video, phone, secure messaging) for primary care during each year. Through multivariable regression models, we examined associations between telehealth use, patient characteristics (e.g., age, sex, race-ethnicity, comorbidity), and VA homeless services use (e.g., homeless-tailored primary care (HPACT), permanent supportive housing).

Key Results

Compared to pre-pandemic, telehealth in primary care among homeless-experienced veterans increased substantially 2 years post-pandemic (video: 1.37% versus 20.56%, phone: 60.74% versus 76.58%). Secure messaging was low over time (1.57–2.63%). In adjusted models, video users were more likely to be young (65 + years: OR = 0.43, CI: 0.42–0.44), women (OR = 1.74, CI: 1.70–1.78), Black (OR = 1.14, CI: 1.12–1.16), Hispanic (OR = 1.34, CI: 1.30–1.38), and with more comorbidities (2 + on the Charlson Comorbidity Index; OR = 1.16, CI: 1.14–1.19), compared to video non-users. HPACT patients were less likely to use video (OR = 0.68, CI: 0.66–0.71) than other primary care patients. This was not observed among users of other VA homeless services.

Conclusions

Despite decreased access to health information technology and low pre-pandemic telehealth use, veterans experiencing homelessness still sustained high use of telehealth in primary care post-pandemic. Women and racial-ethnic minorities had higher video uptake proportionately, suggesting that telehealth may address access disparities among these homeless-experienced patient groups. Identifying and targeting organizational characteristics (e.g., HPACT users) that predict telehealth use for improvement may be key to increasing adoption among VA primary care patients experiencing homelessness.
Subtleties and differences of managing ICU patients across South Africa, Australia and UK
Authors: Wise Robert , Whittaker Rebecca , Garside Tessa
Published: January 2024

Purpose of Review

Sepsis remains one of the greatest global healthcare burdens, with an estimated greater mortality rate from sepsis in Africa. The increasing global financial, social, and political strain of the twenty-first century has created new challenges when trying to tackle this problem. We aim to compare the differences in the management of sepsis in three countries (Australia, the UK, and South Africa) that face distinctly different challenges.

Recent Findings

The Surviving Sepsis Guidelines attempted to provide a good standard of care with bundles to help initiate early appropriate treatment. These bundles of care appear to improve outcomes when implemented early; however, data from Africa is lacking. There are several barriers to the implementation of guidelines, and resource-limited environments face additional challenges of staff shortages, lack of equipment and medication, and clinical pressure with increased strain capacity.

Australia, the UK, and South Africa have both shared and different obstacles when addressing the burden of sepsis. Solutions for the African environment may differ from more well-resourced environments, and global cooperation and innovation will be necessary to tackle sepsis across these continents. There is an urgent need for data from the African continent to understand the burden of sepsis and to help plan and strategize potential solutions.
Phase Separation through Screen Channel Liquid Acquisition Devices in Microgravity
Authors: Shukla Prithvi , Dreyer Michael E.
Published: January 2024

To enable future deep space exploration, orbital refueling of spacecraft is essential. However, transferring liquid in a microgravity environment is a complex process dependent on various factors. One of the basic and critical tasks is to separate phases to allow the supply of gas-free liquid from one tank to another. For this purpose, a liquid acquisition device is essential. In this work, a screen channel liquid acquisition device was designed and used to investigate phase separation and liquid removal from an experiment tank in a microgravity environment. The experiments were performed using the drop tower facility at the University of Bremen, with HFE-7500 as the test liquid under isothermal conditions. This investigation explored the interdependent effects of various phenomena, including the reorientation of liquid in the tank, capillary rise between parallel plates, flow through screen pressure variation, and bubble point breakthrough. Under subcritical conditions, the SC-LAD was found to supply gas-free liquid at the outlet, as long as the pressure drop across the screen was lower than the bubble point threshold. At the critical point, the screen started to ingest bubbles, resulting in a sharp peak in the differential pressure signal. The wetted area of the screen was obtained by analyzing images captured with a high-speed camera and used to calculate the analytical pressure drop. The experimental results were compared with the analytical solution and discussed in detail.
A qualitative exploration of young female Muslims’ perspectives of abortion and belonging following the 2018 Irish Abortion Referendum
Authors: Agha Yumna , Gaynor Keith
Published: January 2024

Introduction

In 2018, Ireland conducted a referendum, ultimately supporting the legalisation of abortion. The views of religious minority groups can go unheard ‘by an insensitive majority’ in national cultural debates. This study explores female Muslim Irish university students’ perspectives on abortion and the impact of the 2018 Irish abortion debate on their sense of belonging within Ireland.

Methods

Ten female Muslim university students completed semi-structured interviews. The interview comprised seven open-ended questions examining perspectives on abortion and a sense of national belonging. A thematic analysis was carried out on the data.

Results

Six major themes emerged: (1) specific circumstances, (2) Islam, (3) family, (4) misuse of new laws, (5) stable sense of national belonging, (6) consequences of historical abortion legislation. Participants were largely supportive of the legal changes. Participants indicated that their sense of national belonging might have been affected if their religious beliefs had conflicted with the referendum outcome.

Conclusions

Participants largely supported the legalisation of abortion in Ireland, provided that the new laws aligned with their Islamic beliefs. The research indicated the referendum did not affect young Muslim women’s sense of belonging in Ireland.

Policy Implications

Many national debates on social issues focus on winning majority support. This research highlighted the importance of canvasing and reflecting on the perspectives of people from minorities in order to reinforce a sense of larger political belonging.
Disproportionate Rates of COVID-19 Among Black Canadian Communities: Lessons from a Cross-Sectional Study in the First Year of the Pandemic
Authors: Allen Upton D. , Barton Michelle , Upton Julia , Bailey Annette , Campigotto Aaron , Abdulnoor Mariana , Julien Jean-Philippe , Gubbay Jonathan , Kissoon Niranjan , Litosh Alice , La Neve Maria-Rosa , Wong Peter , Allen Andrew , Bailey Renee , Byrne Walter , Jagoowani Ranjeeta , Phillips Chantal , Merreles-Pulcini Manuela , Polack Alicia , Prescod Cheryl , Siddiqi Arjumand , Summers Alexander , Thompson Kimberly , Thompson Sylvanus , James Carl ,   for the seroMARK Research Group, Appelt Pamela , Awuku Mark , Bailey Paul , Collins Janet , Gebremikael Liben , Gumb Jenny , Mengesha Tesfai , Patterson Adaoma , Prescod Cheryl , Richardson Noelle , Thompson Sylvanus , Welch Nicole
Published: January 2024

Background

Racialized communities, including Black Canadians, have disproportionately higher COVID-19 cases. We examined the extent to which SARS-CoV-2 infection has affected the Black Canadian community and the factors associated with the infection.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey in an area of Ontario (northwest Toronto/Peel Region) with a high proportion of Black residents along with 2 areas that have lower proportions of Black residents (Oakville and London, Ontario). SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were determined using the EUROIMMUN assay. The study was conducted between August 15, 2020, and December 15, 2020.

Results

Among 387 evaluable subjects, the majority, 273 (70.5%), were enrolled from northwest Toronto and adjoining suburban areas of Peel, Ontario. The seropositivity values for Oakville and London were comparable (3.3% (2/60; 95% CI 0.4–11.5) and 3.9% (2/51; 95% CI 0.5–13.5), respectively). Relative to these areas, the seropositivity was higher for the northwest Toronto/Peel area at 12.1% (33/273), relative risk (RR) 3.35 (1.22–9.25). Persons 19 years of age or less had the highest seropositivity (10/50; 20.0%, 95% CI 10.3–33.7%), RR 2.27 (1.23–3.59). There was a trend for an interaction effect between race and location of residence as this relates to the relative risk of seropositivity.

Interpretation

During the early phases of the pandemic, the seropositivity within a COVID-19 high-prevalence zone was threefold greater than lower prevalence areas of Ontario. Black individuals were among those with the highest seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2.
Novel Perovskite Oxide Hybrid Nanofibers Embedded with Nanocatalysts for Highly Efficient and Durable Electrodes in Direct CO2 Electrolysis
Authors: Akhmadjonov Akromjon , Bae Kyung Taek , Lee Kang Taek
Published: January 2024

The unique characteristics of nanofibers in rational electrode design enable effective utilization and maximizing material properties for achieving highly efficient and sustainable CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RRs) in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). However, practical application of nanofiber-based electrodes faces challenges in establishing sufficient interfacial contact and adhesion with the dense electrolyte. To tackle this challenge, a novel hybrid nanofiber electrode, La0.6Sr0.4Co0.15Fe0.8Pd0.05O3−δ (H-LSCFP), is developed by strategically incorporating low aspect ratio crushed LSCFP nanofibers into the excess porous interspace of a high aspect ratio LSCFP nanofiber framework synthesized via electrospinning technique. After consecutive treatment in 100% H2 and CO2 at 700 °C, LSCFP nanofibers form a perovskite phase with in situ exsolved Co metal nanocatalysts and a high concentration of oxygen species on the surface, enhancing CO2 adsorption. The SOEC with the H-LSCFP electrode yielded an outstanding current density of 2.2 A cm−2 in CO2 at 800 °C and 1.5 V, setting a new benchmark among reported nanofiber-based electrodes. Digital twinning of the H-LSCFP reveals improved contact adhesion and increased reaction sites for CO2RR. The present work demonstrates a highly catalytically active and robust nanofiber-based fuel electrode with a hybrid structure, paving the way for further advancements and nanofiber applications in CO2-SOECs.
Versatile MXene Gels Assisted by Brief and Low-Strength Centrifugation
Authors: Yu Weiyan , Yang Yi , Wang Yunjing , Hu Lulin , Hao Jingcheng , Xu Lu , Liu Weimin
Published: January 2024

Due to the mutual repulsion between their hydrophilic surface terminations and the high surface energy facilitating their random restacking, 2D MXene nanosheets usually cannot self-assemble into 3D macroscopic gels with various applications in the absence of proper linking agents. In this work, a rapid spontaneous gelation of Ti3C2Tx MXene with a very low dispersion concentration of 0.5 mg mL−1 into multifunctional architectures under moderate centrifugation is illustrated. The as-prepared MXene gels exhibit reconfigurable internal structures and tunable rheological, tribological, electrochemical, infrared-emissive and photothermal-conversion properties based on the pH-induced changes in the surface chemistry of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets. By adopting a gel with optimized pH value, high lubrication, exceptional specific capacitances (~ 635 and ~ 408 F g−1 at 5 and 100 mV s−1, respectively), long-term capacitance retention (~ 96.7% after 10,000 cycles) and high-precision screen- or extrusion-printing into different high-resolution anticounterfeiting patterns can be achieved, thus displaying extensive potential applications in the fields of semi-solid lubrication, controllable devices, supercapacitors, information encryption and infrared camouflaging.
Hutchinson’s intervals and entire functions from the Laguerre–Pólya class
Authors: Nguyen Thu Hien , Vishnyakova Anna
Published: January 2024

We find intervals $$[\alpha , \beta (\alpha )]$$

[
α
,
β
(
α
)
]

such that, if a univariate real polynomial or entire function $$f(z) = a_0 + a_1 z + a_2 z^2 + \cdots $$

f

(
z
)

=

a
0

+

a
1

z
+

a
2

z
2

+
⋯

with positive coefficients satisfies the conditions $$ q_k(f) = {a_{k-1}^2}/({a_{k-2}a_{k}}) \in [\alpha , \beta (\alpha )]$$

q
k

(
f
)

=

a

k
-
1

2

/

(

a

k
-
2

a
k

)

∈

[
α
,
β

(
α
)

]

for all $$k \geqslant 2$$

k
⩾
2

, then f belongs to the Laguerre–Pólya class. For instance, from Hutchinson’s theorem, one can observe that f belongs to the Laguerre–Pólya class (has only real zeros) when $$q_k(f) \in [4, + \infty )$$

q
k

(
f
)

∈

[
4
,
+
∞
)

. We are interested in finding those intervals which are not subsets of $$[4, + \infty )$$

[
4
,
+
∞
)

.
p-Summing Bloch mappings on the complex unit disc
Authors: Cabrera-Padilla M. G. , Jiménez-Vargas A. , Ruiz-Casternado D.
Published: January 2024

The notion of p-summing Bloch mapping from the complex unit open disc $$\mathbb {D}$$
D
into a complex Banach space X is introduced for any $$1\le p\le \infty .$$

1
≤
p
≤
∞
.

It is shown that the linear space of such mappings, equipped with a natural seminorm $$\pi ^{\mathcal {B}}_p,$$

π
p
B

,

is Möbius-invariant. Moreover, its subspace consisting of all those mappings which preserve the zero is an injective Banach ideal of normalized Bloch mappings. Bloch versions of the Pietsch’s domination/factorization Theorem and the Maurey’s extrapolation Theorem are presented. We also introduce the spaces of X-valued Bloch molecules on $$\mathbb {D}$$
D
and identify the spaces of normalized p-summing Bloch mappings from $$\mathbb {D}$$
D
into $$X^*$$

X
∗

under the norm $$\pi ^{\mathcal {B}}_p$$

π
p
B

with the duals of such spaces of molecules under the Bloch version of the $$p^*$$

p
∗

-Chevet–Saphar tensor norms $$d_{p^*}.$$

d

p
∗

.
Microplastic menace: a path forward with innovative solutions to reduce pollution
Authors: R Jino Affrald
Published: January 2024

Microplastics are a very complex, diverse, and persistent contaminant class in aquatic ecosystems, providing significant challenges for scientists in developing analytical methodologies, fate and transport models, identification of exposure routes, and toxicological risk evaluation are all key difficulties for scientists. Despite a considerable and developing body of thought concerning the effects of microplastics on aquatic species, nothing is known about the effects of microplastics on humans. Microplastics have been found in food all across the world. As a result, human exposure to microplastics through tainted food is unavoidable, possibly creating health risks. In recent years, a major research effort has added to our understanding, but there is an urgent need to simplify and integrate the findings. This review focuses on the effects of microplastics as well as methods for decomposing plastics without creating microplastic particles. Among the various plastic breakdown methods, employing microorganisms and nanotechnology might be a long-term solution in preventing environmental microplastic contamination.
Ratgeber Schematherapie
Authors: Jacob Gitta , Melchers Frauke
Published: January 2024

Warum reagieren wir manchmal ganz traurig, wenn eigentlich gar nichts Besonderes vorgefallen ist? Warum machen uns bestimmte Kleinigkeiten unfassbar ärgerlich, obwohl wir sonst meistens dazu neigen, es allen recht machen zu wollen? Solche und ähnliche Fragen beschäftigen viele Menschen. Mal fühlen wir uns kompetent und selbstsicher, mal ängstlich, mal platzt uns der Kragen. Meistens können wir das relativ gut steuern. Was aber, wenn solche Zustände plötzlich ganz intensiv werden, ohne dass wir es verstehen, wenn wir nicht wissen, wie wir sie beeinflussen können oder wenn sie nicht zur Situation passen, in der wir uns gerade befinden? Die Neuauflage des Ratgebers vermittelt Informationen über typische innere Zustände, sogenannte „Schemamodi“, die unser Erleben, unsere Gefühle und unser Handeln stark beeinflussen. Der Ratgeber nimmt dabei Bezug auf die Schematherapie, eine aktuelle Entwicklung in der Psychotherapie.
Zunächst werden die für die Schematherapie zentralen Konzepte erläutert. Anhand anschaulicher Fallbeispiele werden dann typische innere Zustände („Schemamodi“), die vielen Menschen Schwierigkeiten bereiten, illustriert. Darauf aufbauend wird aufgezeigt, wie solche Schemamodi entstehen, wie man sie erkennen kann und wodurch sie aktiviert werden bzw. wann sie typischerweise auftreten. Der Ratgeber stellt eine Vielzahl praktischer Übungen und Möglichkeiten vor, die dabei helfen können, eigene problematische Schemamodi zu verändern, zu reduzieren oder besser zu steuern. Zudem wird erläutert, was man aktiv dafür tun kann, hilfreiche Schemamodi häufiger zu erleben.
Die Kapitän-Nemo-Geschichten
Authors: Petermann Ulrike
Published: January 2024

Bereits im Grundschulalter können Kinder unter Angst- und Stresssymptomen wie Anspannung, Konzentrations- oder Schlafschwierigkeiten leiden. Die Kapitän-Nemo-Geschichten helfen Kindern dabei, sich zu entspannen und so Angst und Unruhe abzubauen.
Die Entspannungsgeschichten sind für Kinder im Alter von etwa fünf bis zwölf Jahren konzipiert und eignen sich sowohl zum Vorlesen als auch zum selbstständigen Lesen. Leitfigur ist Kapitän Nemo, der die Kinder zu Reisen durch die Weltmeere mit dem Unterwasserboot Nautilus einlädt. Bei abwechslungsreichen Ausflügen in die Unterwasserwelt besuchen sie u.a. einen Korallenwald, suchen eine Schatzkarte, reiten auf Riesenschildkröten oder erkunden die Unterwasserstadt Atlantis. Die Geschichten zielen darauf ab, den Kindern Strategien zur Selbstberuhigung und Entspannung zu vermitteln, die sie selbstständig in schwierigen Alltagssituationen anwenden können.
A Process-Based Approach to CBT
Authors: Svitak Michael , Hofmann Stefan G.
Published: January 2024

Using a process-based approach to personalize CBT for better success

Presents a unique dynamic approach to CBT
Shows how to implement this approach
Provides downloadable tools

The process-based approach to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a unique method for understanding psychological problems as complex networks of interacting processes. It allows therapists to grasp the individuality, complexity, and dynamics of psychological disorders – things that often get missed in diagnosis-oriented approaches. The authors, both experienced researchers and practitioners of this method, explore how understanding these complex networks enables therapists using CBT to focus on the core processes responsible for a person’s suffering.
First, the reader is shown how emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and somatic processes interact in maintaining maladaptive states and how this approach identifies the points at which therapeutic interventions can be applied to achieve maximum leverage. This is followed by guidance on implementing the approach in practice, including addressing diagnostic issues, to create an individual process-based model network for selecting the right evidence-based interventions. The process-based approach forms a connecting foundation that combines classical CBT with third-wave approaches (acceptance commitment therapy, schema therapy) and integrates helpful recent developments in psychotherapy research, such as evolutionary theories. Practitioners will find the downloadable tools in the appendix invaluable for their clinical practice. This book is of interest to clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists, mental health practitioners, students, and trainees.
Public Health Benefits From Improved Identification of Severe Air Pollution Events With Geostationary Satellite Data
Authors: O'Dell Katelyn , Kondragunta Shobha , Zhang Hai , Goldberg Daniel L. , Kerr Gaige Hunter , Wei Zigang , Henderson Barron H. , Anenberg Susan C.
Published: January 2024

Despite improvements in ambient air quality in the US in recent decades, many people still experience unhealthy levels of pollution. At present, national‐level alert‐day identification relies predominately on surface monitor networks and forecasters. Satellite‐based estimates of surface air quality have rapidly advanced and have the capability to inform exposure‐reducing actions to protect public health. At present, we lack a robust framework to quantify public health benefits of these advances in applications of satellite‐based atmospheric composition data. Here, we assess possible health benefits of using geostationary satellite data, over polar orbiting satellite data, for identifying particulate air quality alert days (24hr PM2.5 > 35 μg m−3) in 2020. We find the more extensive spatiotemporal coverage of geostationary satellite data leads to a 60% increase in identification of person‐alerts (alert days × population) in 2020 over polar‐orbiting satellite data. We apply pre‐existing estimates of PM2.5 exposure reduction by individual behavior modification and find these additional person‐alerts may lead to 1,200 (800–1,500) or 54% more averted PM2.5‐attributable premature deaths per year, if geostationary, instead of polar orbiting, satellite data alone are used to identify alert days. These health benefits have an associated economic value of 13 (8.8–17) billion dollars ($2019) per year. Our results highlight one of many potential applications of atmospheric composition data from geostationary satellites for improving public health. Identifying these applications has important implications for guiding use of current satellite data and planning future geostationary satellite missions.
Enigmatic Tsunami Waves Amplified by Repetitive Source Events Near Sofugan Volcano, Japan
Authors: Sandanbata Osamu , Satake Kenji , Takemura Shunsuke , Watada Shingo , Maeda Takuto , Kubota Tatsuya
Published: January 2024

On 8 October 2023, mysterious tsunamis with a maximum wave height of 60 cm were observed in Izu Islands and southwestern Japan, although only seismic events with body‐wave magnitudes mb 4–5 have been documented to the west of Sofugan volcano. To investigate the source process, we analyze tsunami waveforms recorded by an array network of ocean bottom pressure gauges. Stacked waveforms of pressure gauge records suggest recurrent arrivals of multiple wave trains. Deconvolution of the stacked waveforms by tsunami waveforms from an earlier event revealed over 10 source events that intermittently generated tsunamis for ∼1.5 hr. The temporal history of this sequence corresponds to the origin times of T‐phases estimated by an ocean bottom seismometer and of the seismic swarm, implying a common origin. Larger events later in the sequence occurred at intervals comparable to the tsunami wave period, causing amplification of later phases of the tsunami waves.
Three Centuries of Snowpack Decline at an Alpine Pass Revealed by Cosmogenic Paleothermometry and Luminescence Photochronometry
Authors: Guralnik Benny , Tremblay Marissa M. , Phillips Marcia , Sellwood Elaine L. , Gribenski Natacha , Presl Robert , Haberkorn Anna , Sohbati Reza , Shuster David L. , Valla Pierre G. , Jain Mayank , Schindler Konrad , Wallinga Jakob , Hippe Kristina
Published: January 2024

The spatial and temporal distribution of Alpine snow is a sensitive gauge of environmental change. While understanding past snow dynamics is essential for reconstructing past climate and forecasting future trends, reliable snowpack data prior to the instrumental record are scarce. We present a novel pairing of cosmogenic paleothermometry and luminescence photochronometry which constrain the temperature and insolation history of bedrock outcrops at the Gotthard Pass, Switzerland, over the last ∼15,000 years. By coupling these results with cosmogenic 14C‐10Be chronology and modern in situ rock thermometry, we infer a ∼70‐day reduction of snowpack at the topographic mid‐slope. Our data indicate stable environmental conditions throughout the Holocene, followed by a 6.6 ± 2.9°C increase of ground surface temperature, coeval with an order‐of‐magnitude or more increase in ground surface insolation. Bracketing the onset of these changes between 1504 and 1807 CE, our findings tie the snowpack decline with the onset of human industrialization.
The Role of Convectively‐Generated Gravity Waves in Poleward Propagation of MSTIDs Over Srinagar (34.1°N, 74.8°E)
Authors: Bhat Aashiq Hussain , Rather Mohammad Rafeeq , Ramkumar T. K. , Malik Manzoor Ahmad
Published: January 2024

We report the influence of the atmospheric gravity waves on medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) that are observed during the month of September 2020, using an airglow imager over Srinagar, Kashmir. Several cases of nighttime MSTIDs at ∼250 km altitude are presented which propagate either in northwestward, northward or northeastward direction. Either the phase fronts of the observed MSTIDs are not aligned in the NW‐SE direction, or the MSTIDs are not propagating in the southwest direction, these are believed to be non‐electrified MSTIDs which are generally associated with gravity waves (GWs). The average horizontal wavelengths of these MSTIDs range from 185 to 469 km, horizontal phase speeds of about 162–521 m/s while the time periods range from 13 to 24 min considered as very short‐period ionospheric disturbances. The detection of GWs at ∼97 and ∼85 km heights during the nights of MSTID detection leads to the inference that there is a strong correlation between the occurrences of these MSTIDs with mesospheric GWs. By using satellite data, including INSAT‐3DR and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, the detection of convective clouds near the locations of the imager is observed, and by utilizing the kinetic temperature data from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry satellite, the presence of GWs near the convective systems is also seen. Such GWs are also observed in the vicinity of the imager location and it is concluded that the lower atmospheric convectively‐generated GWs could be a leading factor for the generation of poleward propagating MSTIDs.
Modeling and Observations of the Effects of the Alfvén Velocity Profile on the Ionospheric Alfvén Resonator
Authors: Hodnett R. M. , Yeoman T. K. , Beggan C. D. , Wright D. M.
Published: January 2024

We have modeled the individual harmonic frequencies of the Ionospheric Alfvén Resonator (IAR) at Eskdalemuir by solving a one‐dimensional wave equation and using non‐uniform modeled Alfvén velocity profiles. By comparing the results of the modeling alongside harmonics obtained from the Eskdalemuir, UK, data set from 2013 to 2021, the effects of the non‐uniformity of the Alfvén velocity profile on the IAR are considered. We calculated the offset between the fundamental frequency and the harmonic frequency separation and found that this is not constant. From this parameter, we infer that the lower boundary condition of the electric field of the IAR is closest to a node, which agrees with previous studies. We compare the results of the non‐uniform model with previous uniform models and evaluate their interpretations and the implications for the lower boundary condition.
Enhancing Regional Seismic Velocity Models With Higher‐Resolution Local Results Using Sparse Dictionary Learning
Authors: Zhang Hao , Ben‐Zion Yehuda
Published: January 2024

We use sparse dictionary learning to develop transformations between seismic velocity models of different resolution and spatial extent. Starting with data in the common region of both models, the method can enhance a regional lower‐resolution model to match the style and resolution of local higher‐resolution results while preserving its regional coverage. The method is demonstrated by applying it to two‐dimensional VS and three‐dimensional VP and VS regional and local velocity models in southern California. The enhanced reconstructed regional results exhibit clear visual improvements, especially in the reconstructed VP/VS ratios, and better correlations with geological features. Moreover, the reconstructed regional VP, VS models outperform the original ones in comparison of simulated earthquake waveforms to observations. The improved fitting to observed waveforms extends beyond the domain of the overlapping region. The developed dictionary learning approach provides physically interpretable results and offers a powerful tool for additional applications of data enhancement in earth sciences.
Comparing Atmospheric Temperature Fluctuations Across Landed Missions
Authors: Mason Emily L. , Smith Michael D. , Richardson Mark I. , Guzewich Scott D.
Published: January 2024

We analyze and compare atmospheric temperature data from three landed missions: Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover, Phoenix lander, and Pathfinder lander. Pathfinder and Phoenix were lander missions that operated for 84 and 151 sols, respectively. MSL Curiosity is a rover that operates on the surface of Mars. It has recorded air temperature for more than five Mars Years (MY). We denoise and detrend temperature data from each mission and use those results to calculate variance in air temperature as a diagnostic for atmospheric variability at the surface. The results show a consistent seasonal pattern in MSL air temperature variance with little interannual variability outside major dust storms. The global dust storm in MY 34 was accompanied by a decrease in temperature variance and a muted response in peak MY 35 variance the following year. Phoenix (68°N, 2 m measurement height) and Pathfinder (19.7°N, 1.1 m measurement height) air temperatures have larger variance than air temperature from environmental data records at the MSL location (5.4°S, 1.6 m measurement height) at its equatorial latitude. Pathfinder variances per sol are larger than those of Phoenix, possibly due to a combination of Pathfinder's lower albedo surface and lower latitude. This occurs despite the Pathfinder location's higher thermal inertia, which would act to decrease noontime variance relative to a lower thermal inertia surface. Comparison of MSL temperature variance to pressure drops related to convective vortex activity shows consistent seasonal patterns; however, pressure drops tend to increase with increasing rover elevation, while variance remains consistent.
Exhumation of an Ultrahigh‐Pressure Slice From the Upper Plate of the Caledonian Orogen—A Record From Titanite in North‐East Greenland
Authors: Gilotti Jane A. , McClelland William C. , Cao Wentao , Coble Matthew A.
Published: January 2024

Ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) rocks in North‐East Greenland lie within a larger region of high‐pressure Laurentian crust formed in the overthickened upper plate of the collision with Baltica. Coesite‐bearing zircon dates UHP metamorphism to 365–350 Ma, which formed at the end of the Caledonian collision as a result of intracontinental subduction facilitated by strike‐slip faults that broke the lithosphere. Rutile is the stable Ti‐bearing phase at UHP, while titanite forms on the retrograde path. Trace elements and U‐Pb in titanite were analyzed for six UHP gneisses. Zr‐in‐titanite temperatures range from 764 to 803°C and lie on the isobaric part of the pressure‐temperature path at 1.2 GPa, which fits Ti‐phase stability determined by thermodynamic modeling. Large (>600 μm), zoned titanite preserves three distinct trace element patterns that are due to metamorphism, melting and garnet breakdown. Weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages range from 347 ± 5 Ma to 320 ± 11 Ma, but age variation as a function of trace element domain for individual samples is not resolvable within uncertainty. Titanite records a prolonged period of exhumation that is also seen in the zircon record, where phengite decompression melting started at ca. 347 Ma, leucosome emplacement accompanied retrograde metamorphism from 350 to 330 Ma; and titanite grew during isobaric cooling from 345 to 320 Ma when the UHP rocks stalled at lower crustal levels. The same transforms that originally break the lithosphere play a significant role in channeling the UHP rocks back to the lower crust via buoyancy driven exhumation, after which time titanite formed.
Elasto-inertial microfluidic separation of microspheres with submicron resolution at high-throughput
Authors: Jeon Hyunwoo , Lee Song Ha , Shin Jongho , Song Kicheol , Ahn Nari , Park Jinsoo
Published: January 2024

Elasto-inertial microfluidic separation offers many advantages including high throughput and separation resolution. Even though the separation efficiency highly depends on precise control of the flow conditions, no concrete guidelines have been reported yet in elasto-inertial microfluidics. Here, we propose a dimensionless analysis for precise estimation of the microsphere behaviors across the interface of Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids. Reynolds number, modified Weissenberg number, and modified elastic number are used to investigate the balance between inertial and elastic lift forces. Based on the findings, we introduce a new dimensionless number defined as the width of the Newtonian fluid stream divided by microsphere diameter. The proposed dimensionless analysis allows us to predict whether the microspheres migrate across the co-flow interface. The theoretical estimation is found to be in good agreement with the experimental results using 2.1- and 3.2-μm-diameter polystyrene microspheres in a co-flow of water and polyethylene oxide solution. Based on the theoretical estimation, we also realize submicron separation of the microspheres with 2.1 and 2.5 μm in diameter at high throughput, high purity (>95%), and high recovery rate (>97%). The applicability of the proposed method was validated by separation of platelets from similar-sized Escherichia coli (E.coli).
A public dataset of dogs vital signs recorded with ultra wideband radar and reference sensors
Authors: Ahmed Shahzad , Yoon Seongkwon , Cho Sung Ho
Published: January 2024

Recently, radar sensors have been extensively used for vital sign monitoring in dogs, owing to their noncontact and noninvasive nature. However, a public dataset on dog vital signs has yet to be proposed since capturing data from dogs requires special training and approval. This work presents the first ever ultra wideband radar-based dog vital sign (UWB-DVS) dataset, which was captured in two independent scenarios. In the first scenario, clinical reference sensors are attached to the fainted dogs, and data from UWB radar and reference sensors are captured synchronously. In the second scenario, the dogs can move freely, and video recordings are provided as a reference for movement detection and breathing extraction. For technical validation, a high correlation, above 0.9, is found between the radar and clinical reference sensors for both the heart rate and breathing rate measurements in scenario 1. In scenario 2, the vital signs and movement of the dogs are shown in the form of dashboards, demonstrating the long-term monitoring capability of the radar sensor.
A blinded study using laser induced endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy to differentiate ex vivo spine tumor, healthy muscle, and healthy bone
Authors: Sperber Jacob , Zachem Tanner J. , Prakash Ravi , Owolo Edwin , Yamamoto Kent , Nguyen Annee D. , Hockenberry Harrison , Ross Weston A. , Herndon James E. , Codd Patrick J. , Goodwin C. Rory
Published: January 2024

Ten patients undergoing surgical resection for spinal tumors were selected. Samples of tumor, muscle, and bone were resected, de-identified by the treating surgeon, and then scanned with the TumorID technology ex vivo. This study investigates whether TumorID technology is able to differentiate three different human clinical fresh tissue specimens: spine tumor, normal muscle, and normal bone. The TumorID technology utilizes a 405 nm excitation laser to target endogenous fluorophores, thereby allowing for the detection of tissue based on emission spectra. Metabolic profiles of tumor and healthy tissue vary, namely NADH (bound and free emission peak, respectively: 487 nm, 501 nm) and FAD (emission peak: 544) are endogenous fluorophores with distinct concentrations in tumor and healthy tissue. Emission spectra analyzed consisted of 74 scans of spine tumor, 150 scans of healthy normal bone, and 111 scans of healthy normal muscle. An excitation wavelength of 405 nm was used to obtain emission spectra from tissue as previously described. Emission spectra consisted of approximately 1400 wavelength intensity pairs between 450 and 750 nm. Kruskal–Wallis tests were conducted comparing AUC distributions for each treatment group, α = 0.05. Spectral signatures varied amongst the three different tissue types. All pairwise comparisons among tissues for Free NADH were statistically significant (Tumor vs. Muscle: p = 0.0006, Tumor vs. Bone: p < 0.0001, Bone vs. Muscle: p = 0.0357). The overall comparison of tissues for FAD (506.5–581.5 nm) was also statistically significant (p < 0.0001), with two pairwise comparisons being statistically significant (Tumor vs. Muscle: p < 0.0001, Tumor vs. Bone: p = 0.0045, Bone vs. Muscle: p = 0.249). These statistically significant differences were maintained when stratifying tumor into metastatic carcinoma (N = 57) and meningioma (N = 17). TumorID differentiates tumor tissue from normal bone and normal muscle providing further clinical evidence of its efficacy as a tissue identification tool. Future studies should evaluate TumorID’s ability to serve as an adjunctive tool for intraoperative assessment of surgical margins and surgical decision-making.
Self-filtering based on the fault ride-through technique using a robust model predictive control for wind turbine rotor current
Authors: Achar Abdelkader , Djeriri Youcef , Benbouhenni Habib , Colak Ilhami , Oproescu Mihai , Bizon Nicu
Published: January 2024

This paper studies the possibility of connecting Wind Farms (WF) to the electric grid with the use of finite space model predictive command (FS-MPC) to manage wind farms to improve the quality of the current output from the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) with considering fault ride-through technique. This proposed system can generate active power and enhance the power factor. Furthermore, the reduction of harmonics resulting from the connection of non-linear loads to the electrical grid is achieved through the self-active filtering mechanism in DFIGs-WF, facilitated by the now algorithm proposed. FS-MPC technique has the ability to improve system characteristics and greatly reduce active power ripples. Therefore, MATLAB software is used to implement and verify the safety, performance, and effectiveness of this designed technique compared to the conventional strategy. The results obtained demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in handling the four operational modes (Maximum power point tracking, Delta, Fault, and Filtering). Additionally, the suggested technique exhibited flexibility, robustness, high accuracy, and fast dynamic response when compared to conventional strategies and some recently published scientific works. On the other hand, the THD value of the current was significantly reduced, obtaining at one test time the values 56.87% and 0.32% before and after filtering, respectively 27.50% and 0.26% at another time of testing, resulting in an estimated THD reduction percentage of 99.43% and 99.05%, respectively. These high percentages prove that the quality of the stream is excellent after applying the proposed strategy.
The effects of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers in sedentary adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Silva Fernanda M. , Duarte-Mendes Pedro , Teixeira Ana M. , Soares Carlos M. , Ferreira José P.
Published: January 2024

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the magnitude of the effect of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism markers, adipokines, and inflammatory cytokines in non-diabetic sedentary adults. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library electronic databases and reference lists of included studies were explored for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included physically inactive adults and provided combined training interventions (aerobic plus resistance exercise). Effects on fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in exercise vs control groups were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials 2.0 (RoB 2) was used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 24 RCTs were included in the quantitative analysis. Combined exercise training significantly decrease fasting glucose (standardized mean difference, SMD: − 0.474, 95% CI [− 0.829, − 0.120], p = 0.009, 35 study arms), fasting insulin (SMD: − 1.024, 95% CI [− 1.502, − 0.545], p < 0.001, 27 study arms), HOMA-IR (SMD: − 0.946, 95% CI [− 1.450, − 0.442], p < 0.001, 23 study arms), TNF-α (SMD: − 0.972, 95% CI [− 1.361, − 0.582], p < 0.001, 10 study arms), and CRP (SMD: − 0.507, 95% CI [− 0.818, − 0.196], p = 0.001, 14 study arms). No significant effects were observed for HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, and IL-6 levels. Random effects meta-regression models by age, sex, and intervention length were not able to explain any of the variation in the effect size of HOMA-IR. Findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that combined exercise training improves some glucose metabolism markers and inflammatory parameters in sedentary adults without diabetes.
Assessing acute thermal assays as a rapid screening tool for coral restoration
Authors: Klepac C. N. , Petrik C. G. , Karabelas E. , Owens J. , Hall E. R. , Muller E. M.
Published: January 2024

Escalating environmental threats to coral reefs coincides with global advancements in coral restoration programs. To improve long-term efficacy, practitioners must consider incorporating genotypes resilient to ocean warming and disease while maintaining genetic diversity. Identifying such genotypes typically occurs under long-term exposures that mimic natural stressors, but these experiments can be time-consuming, costly, and introduce tank effects, hindering scalability for hundreds of nursery genotypes used for outplanting. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the acute Coral Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS) against long-term exposures on the bleaching response of Acropora cervicornis, the dominant restoration species in Florida’s Coral Reef. Comparing bleaching metrics, Fv/Fm, chlorophyll, and host protein, we observed similar responses between the long-term heat and the CBASS treatment of 34.3 °C, which was also the calculated bleaching threshold. This suggests the potential of CBASS as a rapid screening tool, with 90% of restoration genotypes exhibiting similar bleaching tolerances. However, variations in acute bleaching phenotypes arose from measurement timing and experiment heat accumulation, cautioning against generalizations solely based on metrics like Fv/Fm. These findings identify the need to better refine the tools necessary to quickly and effectively screen coral restoration genotypes and determine their relative tolerance for restoration interventions.
Association between dietary vitamin A intake from different sources and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults
Authors: Liu Can , Sun Xiaona , Peng Jing , Yu Haiqing , Lu Jiao , Feng Yihui
Published: January 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an urgent public health issue with high global prevalence, but data on NAFLD are inconsistent. The association of total dietary vitamin A intake with the NAFLD risk was not well documented in previous studies. To explore the relationship between dietary vitamin A intake from different sources and NAFLD risk among American adults. Data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2014. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to estimate the relationship between total dietary vitamin A intake and NAFLD risk. 6,613 adult participants were included. After adjusting potential confounders, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NAFLD for the highest quartile intake of total vitamin A, preformed vitamin A, provitamin A carotenoids were respectively 0.86 (0.69–1.06), 0.97 (0.74–1.28), and 0.78 (0.61–0.99), compared to the lowest quartile. Stratifying gender and age, provitamin A carotenoids intake was inversely associated with NAFLD risk in females and participants aged < 45 years. Dose–response analysis indicated a linear negative relationship between provitamin A carotenoids intake and NAFLD risk. Provitamin A carotenoids intake was inversely associated with NAFLD, especially in women and those aged < 45 years among adult American.
Bioadhesive behaviors of HPMC E5: comparative analysis of various techniques, histological and human radiological evidence
Authors: Mady Omar Y. , Dewedar Omar , Abdine Noorelhoda , Zaytoon Hossam , Haggag Yusuf
Published: January 2024

Enhancing drug residence duration within the stomach offers distinct advantages for both localized and systemic effects. Numerous strategies have been proposed to extend drug residence time, with mucoadhesive polymers being a notable avenue. In this context, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E5 has been employed as both a binding agent for granulating contrast metal powder and a mucoadhesive polymer, spanning various concentrations. The in vitro bioadhesion strength of the formulated tablets was gauged against the stomach lining of rabbits, for the quantification of bioadhesive forces. The temporal aspect of bioadhesion was evaluated through two approaches: one centered on gastric fluid dynamics and another proffered by the researchers, focusing on gastric wall kinetics. The results divulged a decline in bioadhesion force concomitant with high polymer concentrations. Histological examination of stained stomach sections revealed mucosal perturbations within the rabbit stomach. These disruptions exhibited an escalating trend in conjunction with elevated polymer concentrations, culminating in extensive disturbance at a 7.5% polymer concentration. The outcomes unveiled a direct relationship between polymer concentration increments and extended contact time. Subsequent radiological tracking of contrast metal behavior within a mature human stomach indicated a residence time of 6 h due to the entrapment of displaced components at disparate locations.