bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SocialWave
Authors: Sun Guodao , Tang Tan , Peng Tai-Quan , Liang Ronghua , Wu Yingcai
Published: October 2017

Rapid advancement of social media tremendously facilitates and accelerates the information diffusion among users around the world. How and to what extent will the information on social media achieve widespread diffusion across the world? How can we quantify the interaction between users from different geolocations in the diffusion process? How will the spatial patterns of information diffusion change over time? To address these questions, a dynamic social gravity model (SGM) is proposed to quantify the dynamic spatial interaction behavior among social media users in information diffusion. The dynamic SGM includes three factors that are theoretically significant to the spatial diffusion of information: geographic distance, cultural proximity, and linguistic similarity. Temporal dimension is also taken into account to help detect recency effect, and ground-truth data is integrated into the model to help measure the diffusion power. Furthermore, SocialWave, a visual analytic system, is developed to support both spatial and temporal investigative tasks. SocialWave provides a temporal visualization that allows users to quickly identify the overall temporal diffusion patterns, which reflect the spatial characteristics of the diffusion network. When a meaningful temporal pattern is identified, SocialWave utilizes a new occlusion-free spatial visualization, which integrates a node-link diagram into a circular cartogram for further analysis. Moreover, we propose a set of rich user interactions that enable in-depth, multi-faceted analysis of the diffusion on social media. The effectiveness and efficiency of the mathematical model and visualization system are evaluated with two datasets on social media, namely, Ebola Epidemics and Ferguson Unrest.
Alien Invasion: Biology of Philornis Flies Highlighting Philornis downsi, an Introduced Parasite of Galápagos Birds
Authors: McNew Sabrina M. , Clayton Dale H.
Published: October 2017

The muscid genus Philornis comprises approximately 50 described species of flies, nearly all of which are obligate parasites of nestling birds. Philornis species are native to the Neotropics and widely distributed from Florida to Argentina. Most research on this group has focused on P. downsi, which was introduced to the Galápagos Islands in the late twentieth century. Although Philornis parasitism kills nestlings in several native host species, nowhere do the effects seem more severe than in P. downsi in the Galápagos. Here, we review studies of native and introduced Philornis in an attempt to identify factors that may influence virulence and consider implications for the conservation of hosts in the Galápagos.
Systematics, Biology, and Evolution of Microgastrine Parasitoid Wasps
Authors: Whitfield James B. , Austin Andrew D. , Fernandez-Triana Jose L.
Published: October 2017

The braconid parasitoid wasp subfamily Microgastrinae is perhaps the most species-rich subfamily of animals on Earth. Despite their small size, they are familiar to agriculturalists and field ecologists alike as one of the principal groups of natural enemies of caterpillars feeding on plants. Their abundance and nearly ubiquitous terrestrial distribution, their intricate interactions with host insects, and their historical association with mutualistic polydnaviruses have all contributed to Microgastrinae becoming a key group of organisms for studying parasitism, parasitoid genomics, and mating biology. However, these rich sources of data have not yet led to a robust genus-level classification of the group, and some taxonomic confusion persists as a result. We present the current status of understanding of the general biology, taxonomic history, diversity, geographical patterns, host relationships, and phylogeny of Microgastrinae as a stimulus and foundation for further study. Current progress in elucidating the biology and taxonomy of this important group is rapid and promises a revolution in the classification of these wasps in the near future.
Entomological Collections in the Age of Big Data
Authors: Short Andrew Edward Z. , Dikow Torsten , Moreau Corrie S.
Published: October 2017

With a million described species and more than half a billion preserved specimens, the large scale of insect collections is unequaled by those of any other group. Advances in genomics, collection digitization, and imaging have begun to more fully harness the power that such large data stores can provide. These new approaches and technologies have transformed how entomological collections are managed and utilized. While genomic research has fundamentally changed the way many specimens are collected and curated, advances in technology have shown promise for extracting sequence data from the vast holdings already in museums. Efforts to mainstream specimen digitization have taken root and have accelerated traditional taxonomic studies as well as distribution modeling and global change research. Emerging imaging technologies such as microcomputed tomography and confocal laser scanning microscopy are changing how morphology can be investigated. This review provides an overview of how the realization of big data has transformed our field and what may lie in store.
Rheology of Active Fluids
Authors: Saintillan David
Published: October 2017

An active fluid denotes a viscous suspension of particles, cells, or macromolecules able to convert chemical energy into mechanical work by generating stresses on the microscale. By virtue of this internal energy conversion, these systems display unusual macroscopic rheological signatures, including a curious transition to an apparent superfluid-like state where internal activity exactly compensates viscous dissipation. These behaviors are unlike those of classical complex fluids and result from the coupling of particle configurations with both externally applied flows and internally generated fluid disturbances. Focusing on the well-studied example of a suspension of microswimmers, this review summarizes recent experiments, models, and simulations in this area and highlights the critical role played by the rheological response of these active materials in a multitude of phenomena, from the enhanced transport of passive suspended objects to the emergence of spontaneous flows and collective motion.
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) and Hepatic Fibrosis: Emerging Therapies
Authors: Wattacheril Julia , Issa Danny , Sanyal Arun
Published: October 2017

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease remains a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is a complex disease associated with obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia but is increasingly recognized in normal-weight individuals. Its progressive inflammatory phenotype, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), currently has no effective treatment apart from lifestyle interventions. Multiple pathogenic pathways are involved in disease progression, and targets for intervention have been identified. These targets mediate glucose, lipid, and bile acid metabolism; inflammation; apoptosis; and fibrosis. Novel therapeutic agents are being developed in each of these pathways, and several have shown promise in early phase testing. Given the complexity of the disease, intervention trials are large and long and require histologic confirmation as a primary endpoint for disease improvement or regression. We highlight active Phase 2 and 3 therapeutic trials for NASH as this field rapidly expands in development.
Cystic Lymphangioma of the Chest Wall in a 5-Year-Old Male Patient: A Rare and Atypical Localization—A Case Report and Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Patoulias Dimitrios , Patoulias Ioannis , Kaselas Christos , Kalogirou Maria , Kyriakos Chatzopoulos , Konstantinos Farmakis , Feidantsis Thomas , Eleni Papacrivou
Published: October 2017

Lymphangioma is a benign congenital malformation. The extremely rare and atypical localization of a lymphangioma in the chest wall was the real motive for the present case study. A 5-year-old boy was admitted to the Emergency Department of the 1st Department of Pediatric Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, due to the presence of a mildly painful swelling in the left lateral chest wall, which was first noticed three months ago, after a blunt injury during sport. Physical examination revealed the presence of a palpable, spherical, painful, nut-sized subcutaneous lesion in the left lateral chest wall, respectively, with the anterior axillary line, at the height of the 6th to 7th intercostal space. Presence of ecchymosis on the overlying skin was also noticed. During palpation, we did not notice fluctuation, while transillumination was not feasible. Performance of ultrasonography, including Doppler color flow imaging, followed, depicting a subcutaneous cystic lesion,2.1⁎3.2 cm in dimensions, without extension to the thoracic cavity. Scheduled surgical excision of the lesion was decided. Histopathological examination documented the diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma. Patient is still followed up on a 6-month basis. He remains asymptomatic, after 2 years, without indication of relapse.
Aeroelastic Optimization Design for High-Aspect-Ratio Wings with Large Deformation
Authors: Xie Changchuan , Meng Yang , Wang Fei , Wan Zhiqiang
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a framework of aeroelastic optimization design for high-aspect-ratio wing with large deformation. A highly flexible wing model for wind tunnel test is optimized subjected to multiple aeroelastic constraints. Static aeroelastic analysis is carried out for the beamlike wing model, using a geometrically nonlinear beam formulation coupled with the nonplanar vortex lattice method. The flutter solutions are obtained using the P-K method based on the static equilibrium configuration. The corresponding unsteady aerodynamic forces are calculated by nonplanar doublet-lattice method. This paper obtains linear and nonlinear aeroelastic optimum results, respectively, by the ISIGHT optimization platform. In this optimization problem, parameters of beam cross section are chosen as the design variables to satisfy the displacement, flutter, and strength requirements, while minimizing wing weight. The results indicate that it is necessary to consider geometrical nonlinearity in aeroelastic optimization design. In addition, optimization strategies are explored to simplify the complex optimization process and reduce the computing time. Different criterion values are selected and studied for judging the effects of the simplified method on the computing time and the accuracy of results. In this way, the computing time is reduced by more than 30% on the premise of ensuring the accuracy.
Intracranial Myeloid Sarcoma Metastasis Mimicking Acute Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Gill Amandip S. , Gill Rabina , Kaloostian Paul , Elias Dina , Roufail John S. , Cruz Aurora S. , Pelargos Panayiotis E. , Hsu Frank P. K. , Kim Ronald C. , Ayer Robert E. , Ghostine Samer
Published: October 2017

Myeloid sarcoma, a rare consequence of myeloproliferative disorders, is rarely seen in the central nervous system, most commonly in the pediatric population. Although there are a handful of case reports detailing initial presentation of CNS myeloid sarcoma in the adult population, we have been unable to find any reports of CNS myeloid sarcoma presenting as a large mass lesion in a herniating patient. Here, we present the case of a patient transferred to our facility for a very large subdural hematoma. Based on imaging characteristics, it was felt to be a spontaneous hematoma secondary to coagulopathy. No coagulopathy was found. Interestingly, he did have a history of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosed 2 months previously, and intraoperatively he was found to have a confluent white mass invading both the subdural and subarachnoid spaces. There was minimal associated hemorrhage and final pathology showed myeloid sarcoma. This is the first report we are aware of in which CNS myeloid sarcoma presented as a subdural metastasis and also the first report in which we are aware of this etiology causing a herniation syndrome secondary to mass effect.
Research on Spatial Channel Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Channel in Roadside Scattering Environment
Authors: Chen Xin , Fang Yong , Xiang Weidong , Zhou Liang
Published: October 2017

In this paper, an extension of spatial channel model (SCM) for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication channel in roadside scattering environment is investigated for the first time theoretically and by simulations. Subsequently, to efficiently describe the roadside scattering environment and reflect the nonstationary properties of V2V channels, the proposed SCM V2V model divides the scattering objects into three categories of clusters according to the location of effective scatterers by introducing critical distance. We derive general expressions for the most important statistical properties of V2V channels, such as channel impulse response, power spectral density, angular power density, autocorrelation function, and Doppler spread of the proposed model. The impact of vehicle speed, traffic density, and angle of departure, angle of arrival, and other statistical performances on the V2V channel model is thoroughly discussed. Numerical simulation results are presented to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model.
Development of an Indirect ELISA and Dot-Blot Assay for Serological Detection of Rice Tungro Disease
Authors: Henry Sum Magdline Sia , Yee Siew Fung , Eng Lily , Poili Evenni , Lamdin Julia
Published: October 2017

Rice tungro disease (RTD) is one of the most destructive diseases of rice in South and Southeast Asia. RTD is routinely detected based on visual observation of the plant. However, it is not always easy to identify the disease in the field as it is often confused with other diseases or physiological disorders. Here we report the development of two serological based assays for ease of detection of RTD. In this study we had developed and optimized an indirect ELISA and dot-blot assay for detection of RTD. The efficiency of both assays was evaluated by comparing the specificity and sensitivity of the assays to PCR assay using established primer sets. The indirect ELISA showed 97.5% and 96.6%, while the dot-blot assay showed 97.5% and 86.4% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, when compared to established PCR method. The high sensitivity and specificity of the two assays merit the use of both assays as alternative methods to diagnose RTD. Furthermore, the dot-blot assay is a simple, robust, and rapid diagnostic assay that is suitable for field test for it does not require any specialized equipment. This is a great advantage for diagnosing RTD in paddy fields, especially in the rural areas.
Quantitative Analysis of Japan’s Energy Security Based on Fuzzy Logic: Impact Assessment of Fukushima Accident
Authors: Yamanishi Ryohei , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Unesaki Hironobu
Published: October 2017

The Fukushima accident of March 2011 had great political, economic, and social impacts on Japan and marked a very important turning point in Japan’s energy policy. As the accident has also greatly exposed the vulnerability of Japan’s energy security, it is crucial to clarify the path that Japan should take to maintain and secure its energy security in case of any possible future outbreak that may threaten its energy security. For this purpose, we conducted a comprehensive and structural analysis of Japan’s energy security based on APERC’s 4As framework and by using fuzzy logic and the Fuzzy-DEMATEL method to quantitatively understand the performance of Japan’s energy security and how the Fukushima accident had impacted the performance. Our results demonstrate that Japan’s energy security has clearly degraded after experiencing Fukushima accident. In addition, the results of the structural analysis by the Fuzzy-DEMATEL method show that the most salient dimension in the 4As framework for improving Japan’s energy security is the “Availability” dimension, and for this purpose nuclear energy and renewables play very important roles in securing the future energy security in Japan; this is consistent with the current energy policy measures announced in the Strategic Energy Plan of 2014.
Pulmonary Complications after Surgery for Rectal Cancer in Elderly Patients: Evaluation of Laparoscopic versus Open Approach from a Multicenter Study on 477 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Milone Marco , Elmore Ugo , Vignali Andrea , Mellano Alfredo , Gennarelli Nicola , Manigrasso Michele , Milone Francesco , De Palma Giovanni Domenico , Muratore Andrea , Rosati Riccardo
Published: October 2017

Aim. To evaluate the impact of open or laparoscopic rectal surgery on pulmonary complications in elderly (>75 years old) patients. Methods. Data from consecutive patients who underwent elective laparoscopic or open rectal surgery for cancer were collected prospectively from 3 institutions. Pulmonary complications were defined according to the ACS/NSQUIP definition. Results. A total of 477 patients (laparoscopic group: 242, open group: 235) were included in the analysis. Postoperative pulmonary complications were significantly more common after open surgery (8 out of 242 patients (3.3%) versus 23 out of 235 patients (9.8%); p=0.005). In addition, PPC occurrence was associated with the increasing of postoperative pain (5.04 ± 1.62 versus 5.03 ± 1.58; p=0.001) and the increasing of operative time (270.06 ± 51.49 versus 237.37 ± 65.97; p=0.001). Conclusion. Our results are encouraging to consider laparoscopic surgery a safety and effective way to treat rectal cancer in elderly patients, highlighting that laparoscopic surgery reduces the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications.
Improving Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis by DS Evidence Theory Based Fusion Model
Authors: Yao Xuemei , Li Shaobo , Hu Jianjun
Published: October 2017

Rolling bearing plays an important role in rotating machinery and its working condition directly affects the equipment efficiency. While dozens of methods have been proposed for real-time bearing fault diagnosis and monitoring, the fault classification accuracy of existing algorithms is still not satisfactory. This work presents a novel algorithm fusion model based on principal component analysis and Dempster-Shafer evidence theory for rolling bearing fault diagnosis. It combines the advantages of the learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network model and the decision tree model. Experiments under three different spinning bearing speeds and two different crack sizes show that our fusion model has better performance and higher accuracy than either of the base classification models for rolling bearing fault diagnosis, which is achieved via synergic prediction from both types of models.
Electrical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)-Graphite Nanoplatelets Nanocomposites
Authors: Alshammari Basheer A. , Wilkinson Arthur N. , Almutairi Ghzzai
Published: October 2017

Graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) were incorporated with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) matrix by melt-compounding technique using minilab compounder to produce PET-GNP nanocomposites, and then the extruded nanocomposites were compressed using compression molding to obtain films of 1 mm thickness. Percolation threshold value was determined using percolation theory. The electrical conductivity, morphology, and thermal behaviors of these nanocomposites were investigated at different contents of GNP, that is, below, around, and above its percolation threshold value. The results demonstrated that the addition of GNP at loading >5 wt.% made electrically conductive nanocomposites. An excellent electrical conductivity of ~1 S/m was obtained at 15 wt.% of GNP loading. The nanocomposites showed a typical insulator-conductor transition with a percolation threshold value of 5.7 wt.% of GNP. In addition, increasing screw speed enhanced the conductivity of the nanocomposites above its threshold value by ~2.5 orders of magnitude; this behavior is attributed to improved dispersion of these nanoparticles into the PET matrix. Microscopies results exhibited no indication of aggregations at 2 wt.% of GNP; however, some rolling up at 6 wt.% of GNP contents was observed, indicating that a conductive network has been formed, whereas more agglomeration and rolling up could be seen as the GNP content is increased in the PET matrix. These agglomerations reduced their aspect ratio and then reduced their reinforcement efficiency. NP loading (>2 wt.%) increased degree of crystallinity and improved thermal stability of matrix slightly, suggesting that 2 wt.% of GNP is more than enough to nucleate the matrix.
Electron Beam Irradiation Induced Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Fusion inside SEM
Authors: Shen Daming , Chen Donglei , Yang Zhan , Liu Huicong , Chen Tao , Sun Lining , Fukuda Toshio
Published: October 2017

This paper reported a method of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) fusion inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A CNT was picked up by nanorobotics manipulator system which was constructed in SEM with 21 DOFs and 1 nm resolution. The CNT was picked up and placed on two manipulators. The tensile force was 140 nN when the CNT was pulled into two parts. Then, two parts of the CNT were connected to each other by two manipulators. The adhered force between two parts was measured to be about 20 nN. When the two parts of CNT were connected again, the contact area was fused by focused electron beam irradiation for 3 minutes. The tensile force of the junction was measured to be about 100 nN. However, after fusion, the tensile force was five times larger than the tensile force connected only by van der Waals force. This force was 70 percent of the tensile force before pulling out of CNTs. The results revealed that the electron beam irradiation was a promising method for CNT fusion. We hope this technology will be applied to nanoelectronics in the near future.
Recurrent Huge Left Bartholin’s Gland Abscess for One Year in a Teenager
Authors: Lilungulu Athanase , Mpondo Bonaventura C. T. , Mlwati Abdallah , Matovelo Dismas , Kihunrwa Albert , Gumodoka Balthazar
Published: October 2017

Bartholin’s gland abscess is the commonest worldwide reported abscess in gynaecological outpatient clinics; it has also been reported that Bartholin’s gland abscess is three times more common in occurrences compared to Bartholin’s gland cyst. It is more common in women who are at risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections; however, other causes of infection should be investigated to exclude other causes of disease. We present the case of an 18-year-old female patient, a teenager of the reproductive age group, with the recurrent development of huge Bartholin’s gland abscess in a period of one year. The marsupialization surgical technique of repair was performed successfully. She was discharged home and she was scheduled to visit STI’s clinic where she was receiving regular screening for STI’s and she was also given health education regarding preventive measures for STI’s.
Effect of Polymer Binder on the Transparent Conducting Electrodes on Stretchable Film Fabricated by Screen Printing of Silver Paste
Authors: Lim Chan Kyu , Lee Yo Seb , Choa Sung Hoon , Lee Deuk Young , Park Lee Soon , Nam Su Yong
Published: October 2017

Smart wearable devices and sensors have been fabricated by screen printing of metal paste as functional circuits since the metal interconnects exhibited much less electrical resistance than other conducting materials such as carbon nanotube or conducting polymers (PEDOT:PSS). In this study, we chose silver particle as conductive material in the form of silver paste and used screen printing to fabricate a stretchable touch screen panel utilizing metal mesh method for the transparent electrode patterning. The rheological study of Ag pastes showed that the binder polymer with high molecular weight and low glass transition temperature (Tg) can stabilize the Ag paste with Ag particle content over 80% by weight. The stretching and bending tests of Ag electrode films obtained by screen printing indicated that good conductivity of Ag electrodes is related to the stability of Ag paste obtained with the high molecular weight binder polymer.
Discovery of a Highly Selective NAMPT Inhibitor That Demonstrates Robust Efficacy and Improved Retinal Toxicity with Nicotinic Acid Coadministration
Authors: Zhao Genshi , Green Colin F. , Hui Yu-Hua , Prieto Lourdes , Shepard Robert , Dong Sucai , Wang Tao , Tan Bo , Gong Xueqian , Kays Lisa , Johnson Robert L. , Wu Wenjuan , Bhattachar Shobha , Del Prado Miriam , Gillig James R. , Fernandez Maria-Carmen , Roth Ken D. , Buchanan Sean , Kuo Ming-Shang , Geeganage Sandaruwan , Burkholder Timothy P.
Published: October 2017

NAMPT, an enzyme essential for NAD+ biosynthesis, has been extensively studied as an anticancer target for developing potential novel therapeutics. Several NAMPT inhibitors have been discovered, some of which have been subjected to clinical investigations. Yet, the on-target hematological and retinal toxicities have hampered their clinical development. In this study, we report the discovery of a unique NAMPT inhibitor, LSN3154567. This molecule is highly selective and has a potent and broad spectrum of anticancer activity. Its inhibitory activity can be rescued with nicotinic acid (NA) against the cell lines proficient, but not those deficient in NAPRT1, essential for converting NA to NAD+. LSN3154567 also exhibits robust efficacy in multiple tumor models deficient in NAPRT1. Importantly, this molecule when coadministered with NA does not cause observable retinal and hematological toxicities in the rodents, yet still retains robust efficacy. Thus, LSN3154567 has the potential to be further developed clinically into a novel cancer therapeutic. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2677–88. ©2017 AACR.
AKT1low Quiescent Cancer Cells Promote Solid Tumor Growth
Authors: Alves Cleidson P. , Dey-Guha Ipsita , Kabraji Sheheryar , Yeh Albert C. , Talele Nilesh P. , Solé Xavier , Chowdhury Joeeta , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Loda Massimo , Sgroi Dennis , Borresen-Dale Anne-Lise , Russnes Hege G. , Ross Kenneth N. , Ramaswamy Sridhar
Published: October 2017

Human tumor growth depends on rapidly dividing cancer cells driving population expansion. Even advanced tumors, however, contain slowly proliferating cancer cells for reasons that remain unclear. Here, we selectively disrupt the ability of rapidly proliferating cancer cells to spawn AKT1low daughter cells that are rare, slowly proliferating, tumor-initiating, and chemotherapy-resistant, using β1-integrin activation and the AKT1-E17K–mutant oncoprotein as experimental tools in vivo. Surprisingly, we find that selective depletion of AKT1low slow proliferators actually reduces the growth of a molecularly diverse panel of human cancer cell xenograft models without globally altering cell proliferation or survival in vivo. Moreover, we find that unusual cancer patients with AKT1-E17K–mutant solid tumors also fail to produce AKT1low quiescent cancer cells and that this correlates with significantly prolonged survival after adjuvant treatment compared with other patients. These findings support a model whereby human solid tumor growth depends on not only rapidly proliferating cancer cells but also on the continuous production of AKT1low slow proliferators. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(1); 254–63. ©2017 AACR.
Kinderhaut versus Erwachsenenhaut: Unterschiede in Behandlungspraxis und Körperpflege berücksichtigen
Authors: Hedtrich Sarah
Published: October 2017

Die Struktur des Stratum corneum (SC) und die von ihm gebildete Hautbarriere entwickeln sich schon in der Schwangerschaft bis etwa zum Ende des 4. Lebensjahres. Da die interindividuelle Variabilität innerhalb einer Altersgruppe sehr hoch ist, müssen große Populationen untersucht werden, um Veränderungen der Eigenschaften der Hautbarriere im Zeitverlauf zu beobachten. Die Barrierefunktion - quantifiziert durch transepidermalen Wasserverlust (TEWL) und die Dicke des SC - wurde bei Probanden im Alter von 3 Monaten bis 4 Jahren (n = 171) und einer Untergruppe von Müttern (n = 44) an der Oberarminnenseite und am dorsalen Unterarm gemessen. Die altersabhängige Oberflächenexpansion erreichte vor der Geburt ihren Höhepunkt (~90 cm2/Woche) und sank danach auf ein stabiles Plateau (~10 cm2/Woche) bis zum Ende des 1. Lebensjahrs. Die Dicke des SC nahm zu und der TEWL ab; Werte wie im Erwachsenenalter wurden jedoch erst mit 3-4 Jahren erreicht. Neue Erkenntnisse darüber, wie sich die Feuchtigkeitsversorgung der Haut nach der Geburt verändert, deuten darauf hin, dass die Barrierefunktion in mechanistischem Zusammenhang mit der Expansion der Hautoberfläche stehen könnte. © 2017 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg
Endocrine Long-Term Follow-Up of Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Optic Pathway Glioma
Authors: Sani Ilaria , Albanese Assunta
Published: October 2017

Background/Aims: Children with optic pathway glioma (OPG) face sequelae related to tumour location and treatment modalities. We aimed to assess the prevalence of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunctions in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and OPG who did not receive radiotherapy or surgical resection. The causative role of tumour location on endocrinopathy development is investigated. Methods: A retrospective follow-up study of 40 children with NF1 and OPG evaluated between August 1996 and May 2015 was undertaken. Patients who underwent radiotherapy or surgical resection were excluded and 36 patients were studied. Tumour location was classified according to the Dodge criteria: stage I, optic nerve alone; stage II, optic chiasm with or without optic nerve involvement; and stage III, involvement of the hypothalamus or other adjacent structures. Results: Endocrinopathies were diagnosed in 20/36 (55.6%) children during a mean follow-up of 9.1 (0.2–13.6) years: 0/4 OPGs were Dodge stage I, 12/21 (57.1%) stage II, and 8/11 (72.7%) stage III. The first endocrinopathy was found at a mean age of 7.4 (5.0–13.2) years, 2.4 (0–6.7) years after tumour diagnosis. We found growth hormone deficiency (GHD; 36.1%), central precocious puberty (33.3%), obesity with insulin resistance/impaired glucose tolerance (11.1%), early puberty (5.5%), GH excess (5.5%), ACTH deficiency (5.5%), hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (2.7%), and thyrotropin deficiency (2.7%). GHD was transient in all of those who were retested. Conclusion: This population is at high risk of endocrinopathies due to tumour location. Lifelong endocrine follow-up is recommended.
Polymorphisms in Sex Hormone Metabolism Genes and Risk of Preeclampsia in Taiyuan, China
Authors: Zhang Ping , Yang Hailan , Feng Yongliang , Wu Weiwei , Li Shuzhen , Thompson Brian , Xie Bingjie , Guo Pengge , Li Mei , Wang Ying , Zhao Nan , Wang Suping , Zhang Yawei
Published: October 2017

Objective: Aberrant synthesis and metabolism of sex hormone are likely to be associated with alterations in vascular function in preeclampsia (PE). The study aims to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in sex hormone-related genes are associated with PE. Method: We performed a nested case-control study including 436 pregnant women (203 PE and 233 healthy or normal pregnant women) to investigate associations between 96 SNPs in 28 sex hormone-related genes and risk of PE. Results:TXNRD2/COMT rs3788314 and SULT1A2/SULT1A1 rs4788073 were associated with an increased risk of PE overall (ptrend = 0.004 and 0.003, respectively), early-onset PE (ptrend = 0.007 and 0.009, respectively), and severe PE (ptrend = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively). Additionally, CYP17A1 rs4919690 and rs4919687 and LHCGR rs10180731 were associated with an increased risk of severe PE (ptrend = 0.005, 0.006, and 0.014, respectively), while GNRHR rs2630488 was associated with a decreased risk of severe PE (ptrend = 0.014). We also observed that HSD17B3 rs8190512 was associated with a decreased risk of early-onset PE (ptrend = 0.003). We observed strong linkage disequilibrium in SULF1 (rs10106958, rs7813987, and rs6990375). Conclusions: Our study suggested that genetic polymorphisms in TXNRD2/COMT, SULT1A2/SULT1A1, CYP17A1, HSD17B3, GNRHR, LHCGR, and SULF1 might play a role in PE, especially in early-onset PE and severe PE. Future studies are warranted to replicate the observed associations and their functional mechanisms.
Avian Collagen Is Useful for the Construction of Skin Equivalents
Authors: Li Hailan , Yun Hye-Young , Baek Kwang Jin , Kwon Nyoun Soo , Choi Hye-Ryung , Park Kyoung-Chan , Kim Dong-Seok
Published: October 2017

As a result of restrictions on animal experimentation, improved skin equivalents (SEs) are needed as alternative test models. This work investigated the effects of avian collagen on the construction of SEs, and to the best of our knowledge is the first study to do so. Hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze the SEs. In models containing avian collagen as a dermal equivalent (DE) ingredient, fibroblast proliferation increased by about 60% relative to the control model. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p63 increased in the avian collagen models, while the expression of involucrin, integrin α6, and integrin β1 remained unchanged. Next, DEs were cryopreserved to allow the easier creation of SEs. Keratinocytes were seeded on thawed DEs, and SEs were constructed. Avian collagen increased the viability of DEs relative to the control. Furthermore, avian collagen increased the expression of PCNA and p63 in keratinocytes on thawed DEs. The results indicate that DEs containing avian collagen can be thawed as needed after cryopreservation. Avian collagen can improve the construction of SEs and be used as part of a dermal kit for SE construction.
Cell Wall-Treated Lactococcus lactis Increases the Plasmid Transfer Efficiency of Internal Ribosome Entry Site-Incorporated Lactococcal Bicistronic Vector into DF1 Cells
Authors: Mat Isa Nurulfiza , Abdul Mutalib Nur Elina , Alitheen Noorjahan Banu , Song Adelene Ai-Lian , Rahim Raha Abdul
Published: October 2017

This study demonstrates that cell wall treatment of Lactococcus lactis harbouring the internal ribosome entry site-incorporated lactococcal bicistronic vector pNZ:VIG mediated the delivery of genes into an eukaryotic cell line, DF1 cells, through bactofection. Bactofection analysis showed that the pNZ:VIG plasmid in L. lactis can be transferred into DF1 cells and that both the VP2 and gfp genes cloned in the plasmid can be transcribed and translated. The protein band relative to the Mr of VP2 protein (49 kDa) was successfully detected via Western blot analysis, while green fluorescence was successfully detected using a fluorescence microscope. The intensity of the bands detected increased for samples treated with both 1.5% (w/v) glycine and 10 μg/mL of lysozyme when compared to L. lactis treated with glycine alone and without treatment. Cell wall treatment of L. lactis with a combination of both glycine and lysozyme was not only shown to mediate plasmid transfer to DF1 cells, but also to increase the plasmid transfer efficiency.
Interaction of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters 1 – 3 (EAAT1, EAAT2, EAAT3) with N-Carbamoylglutamate and N-Acetylglutamate
Authors: Burckhardt Birgitta C. , Burckhardt Gerhard
Published: October 2017

Background/Aims: Inborn deficiency of the N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) impairs the urea cycle and causes neurotoxic hyperammonemia. Oral administration of N-carbamoylglutamate (NCG), a synthetic analog of N-acetylglutamate (NAG), successfully decreases plasma ammonia levels in the affected children. Due to structural similarities to glutamate, NCG may be absorbed in the intestine and taken up into the liver by excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs). Methods: Using Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing either human EAAT1, 2, or 3, or human sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter 3 (NaDC3), transport-associated currents of NAG, NCG, and related dicarboxylates were assayed. Results: L-aspartate and L-glutamate produced saturable inward currents with Km values below 30 µM. Whereas NCG induced a small inward current only in EAAT3 expressing oocytes, NAG was accepted by all EAATs. With EAAT3, the NAG-induced current was sodium-dependent and saturable (Km 409 µM). Oxaloacetate was found as an additional substrate of EAAT3. In NaDC3-expressing oocytes, all dicarboxylates induced much larger inward currents than did L-aspartate and L-glutamate. Conclusion: EAAT3 may contribute to intestinal absorption and hepatic uptake of NCG. With respect to transport of amino acids and dicarboxylates, EAAT3 and NaDC3 can complement each other.
Ovarian Stem Cell Nests in Reproduction and Ovarian Aging
Authors: Ye Haifeng , Zheng Tuochen , Li Wei , Li Xiaoyan , Fu Xinxin , Huang Yaoqi , Hu Chuan , Li Jia , Huang Jian , Liu Zhengyv , Zheng Liping , Zheng Yuehui
Published: October 2017

The fixed primordial follicles pool theory, which monopolized reproductive medicine for more than one hundred years, has been broken by the discovery, successful isolation and establishment of ovarian stem cells. It has brought more hope than ever of increasing the size of primordial follicle pool, improving ovarian function and delaying ovarian consenescence. Traditional view holds that stem cell aging contributes to the senility of body and organs. However, in the process of ovarian aging, the main factor leading to the decline of the reproductive function is the aging and degradation of ovarian stem cell nests, rather than the senescence of ovarian germ cells themselves. Recent studies have found that the immune system and circulatory system are involved in the formation of ovarian germline stem cell niches, as well as regulating the proliferation and differentiation of ovarian germline stem cells through cellular and hormonal signals. Therefore, we can improve ovarian function and delay ovarian aging by improving the immune system and circulatory system, which will provide an updated program for the treatment of premature ovarian failure (POF) and infertility.
Altered Biological Properties in Dp71 Over-Expressing HBE Cells
Authors: Tan Sipin , Zhao Shuai , Chen Zhikang , Ma Qiongshang , Wang Wenmei , Cheng Shuhua , Wen Qiaocheng , Tan Sichuang , Xie Jinliang
Published: October 2017

Background/Aims: In order to further characterize the biological traits of Dp71, HBE over expressing two most abundantly expressed Dp71 spliced isoforms, Dp71d and Dp71f, were established and their biological traits were explored. Methods: The proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities of HBE-Dp71d and HBE-Dp71f cells were evaluated by MTT, colony formation, transwell and scratch assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis induced by H2O2 were measured by flow cytometer. Co-IP was performed to prove the interaction between lamin B1, FAK and Dp71. Western blot was performed to detect lamin B1, FAK, ERK and Cyclin D expression in HBE-Dp71d and HBE-Dp71f cells. Results: HBE-Dp71d and HBE-Dp71f cells proliferated faster than their mock and blank controls; shortened their G0/G1 phase; enhanced their invasion and migration capabilities; reduced their apoptosis induced by H2O2. Co-IP proved Dp71 directly interacting with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and lamin B1 in HBE cells. Increased lamin B1, FAK mRNA and protein expression, over activation of integrin/focal adhesion kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/cyclin D pathway were observed in HBE-Dp71d and HBE-Dp71f cells. Conclusions: Via increasing FAK in the cytoplasmic FAK-Dp71 , lamin B1 of nucleus laminB1-Dp71 complex, HBE-Dp71d and HBE-Dp71f cells alter their proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis rate induced by H2O2.
Protective Effect of Phillyrin on Lethal LPS-Induced Neutrophil Inflammation in Zebrafish
Authors: Yang Liling , Zhou Xiangjun , Huang Weijuan , Fang Qin , Hu Jianlan , Yu Linzhong , Ma Ning , Zhang Wenqing
Published: October 2017

Background/Aims: Forsythia suspensa Vahl. (Oleaceae) fruits are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat pneumonia, typhoid, dysentery, ulcers and oedema. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities have been reported for phillyrin (PHN), the main ingredient in Forsythia suspensa Vahl fruits, in vitro. However, the underlying mechanisms in vivo remain poorly defined. In this study, we discovered that PHN exerted potent anti-inflammatory effects in lethal LPS-induced neutrophil inflammation by suppressing the MyD88-dependent signalling pathway in zebrafish. Methods: LPS-yolk microinjection was used to induce a lethal LPS-infected zebrafish model. The effect of PHN on the survival of zebrafish challenged with lethal LPS was evaluated using survival analysis. The effect of PHN on neutrophil inflammation grading in vivo was assessed by tracking neutrophils with a transgenic line. The effects of PHN on neutrophil production and migration were analysed by SB+ cell counts during consecutive hours after modelling. Additionally, key cytokines and members of the MyD88 signalling pathway that are involved in inflammatory response were detected using quantitative RT-PCR. To assess gene expression changes during consecutive hours after modelling, the IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MyD88, TRIF, ERK1/2, JNK, IκBa and NF-κB expression levels were measured. Results: PHN could protect zebrafish against a lethal LPS challenge in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by decreased neutrophil infltration, reduced tissue necrosis and increased survival rates. Up-regulated IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α expression also showed the same tendencies of depression by PHN. Critically, PHN significantly inhibited the LPS-induced activation of MyD88, IκBa, and NF-κB but did not affect the expression of ERK1/2 MAPKs or JNK MAPKs in LPS-stimulated zebrafish. Additionally, PHN regulated the MyD88/IκBα/NF-κB signalling pathway by controlling IκBα, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression. Conclusion: This study provides a rationale for the clinical application of PHN as an anti-inflammatory agent.
National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines:
Authors: Álvares Juliana , Alves Maria Cecilia Goi Porto , Escuder Maria Mercedes Loureiro , Almeida Alessandra Maciel , Izidoro Jans Bastos , Guerra Junior Augusto Afonso , Costa Karen Sarmento , Costa Ediná Alves , Guibu Ione Aquemi , Soeiro Orlando Mario , Leite Silvana Nair , Karnikowski Margô Gomes de Oliveira , Acurcio Francisco de Assis
Published: October 2017

The Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos – Serviços (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines – Services) aimed to characterize the organization of pharmaceutical services in the Primary Health Care of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). PNAUM – Services is a cross-sectional and evaluative study, with planned sample of 600 cities, held between 2014 and 2015, composed of a remote phase, with telephone interviews with health managers. Of these 600 cities, 300 were selected for a survey on health services. We selected the 27 capitals, the 0.5% largest cities of each region, and the remaining cities were drawn. The estimate of the representative national sample size considered three levels: cities, medicine dispensing services, and patients. The interviews were carried out with a structured questionnaire specific for: municipal secretaries of health, professionals responsible for pharmaceutical services in the city, professionals responsible for the dispensing of medicines, physicians, and patients. The secondary data were obtained in official databases, in the latest update date. PNAUM – Services was the first nationwide research aimed at the assessment and acquisition of national and regional indicators on access to medicines, as well as use and rational use, from the perspective of various social subjects
Financing of Pharmaceutical Services in the municipal management of the Brazilian Unified Health System
Authors: Faleiros Daniel Resende , Acurcio Francisco de Assis , Álvares Juliana , Nascimento Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do , Costa Ediná Alves , Guibu Ione Aquemi , Soeiro Orlando Mario , Leite Silvana Nair , Karnikowski Margô Gomes de Oliveira , Costa Karen Sarmento , Guerra Junior Augusto Afonso
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE: To discuss factors related to the financing of the Basic Component of Pharmaceutical Services within the municipal management of the Brazilian Unified Health System. METHODS: The Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos no Brasil – Serviços (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines – Services) is a cross-sectional, exploratory, and evaluative study that performed an information survey in a representative sample, stratified by Brazilian regions It considered different study populations in the sampling plan, which represent primary health care services in the cities. Data were collected in 2015 by two methods: in person, by applying direct observation scripts and interviews with users, physicians, and professionals responsible for the dispensing of medicines in primary care services; by telephone interviews with municipal health managers and municipal professionals responsible for Pharmaceutical Services. The results were extracted from the questionnaires applied by telephone. RESULTS: Of the sample of 600 eligible cities, we collected 369 interviews (61.5%) with secretaries and 507 (84.5%) with pharmaceutical services managers. 70.8% of the cities have a computerized management system; and 11.9% have qualification/training of professionals. More than half (51.3%) of the cities received funds for the structuring of pharmaceutical services, and almost 60% of these cities performed this type of spending. In 35.4% of cases, municipal secretaries of health said that they use resources of medicines from the Componente Básico da Assistência Farmacêutica (CBAF – Basic Component of Pharmaceutical Services) to cover demands of other medicines, but only 9.7% believed that these funds were sufficient to cover the demands. The existence of a permanent bidding committee exclusively for acquiring medicines was reported in 40.0% of the cities. CONCLUSIONS: We found serious deficiencies in the public financing of medicines, as well as little concern about the formality in the use of public resources, expenses that meet individual demands to the detriment of the community, insufficient resources allocated to the Basic Component of Pharmaceutical Services, and exhaustion of the financing model