bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Report: COVID-19 with cytokine storm in a 16-year-old patient: if heart failures comes think about levosimendan
Authors: Rodriguez-Garcia Veronica , Guerrero Orriach Jose Luis , Ariza Villanueva Daniel , Garcia Pinilla Jose Manuel , Robles Mezcua Ainhoa , Rubio Navarro Manuel , Cruz Mañas Jose
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Our case is unique because the differential diagnosis was a challenge. At first, the patient presented with septic shock and multi-organ failure in the context of a suspected lymphoproliferative syndrome. Once the lymphoproliferative process had been ruled out, hemophagocytic syndrome due to COVID-19 infection was suspected, so he is probably one of the few patients with such an exhaustive study that could contribute to our understanding of COVID-19. We followed therapeutic guidelines that differ from the usual, using adrenalin and levosimendan. Corticosteroids helped to modulate the cytokine storm.

Case report: A 16-year-old adolescent was admitted to the intensive care unit with fever, diarrhea, multiorgan failure and septic shock. He was IgG positive for COVID-19 and IgM negative. Thoraco-abdominal computed tomography demonstrated multiple para-aortic and peri-pancreatic lymphadenopathy and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The first suspected diagnosis was a lymphoproliferative syndrome and bacterial infection. The second possibility was a hemophagocytic syndrome in a patient recovering from COVID-19. He was treated with broad spectrum antibiotics because the differential diagnosis was difficult, and we removed them when the microbiological screening was negative. During the course of the disease he presented with severe biventricular dysfunction, probably due to the cytokine storm, so we used inotropic drugs (adrenaline, levosimendan). Infection with Salmonella species group B was diagnosed later, when the patient was in the Internal Medicine ward, although he was asymptomatic.

Conclusion: The severity of COVID-19 infection ranges from mild to severe, causing serious disease in some people. Although the pathophysiology is not well known, it seems that in some cases an immune storm is triggered, and it is related to more serious and prolonged disease. In our case, heart failure was important, because it could have worsened the prognosis. Fortunately, the response to levosimendan and corticosteroids was adequate and he recovered favorably until discharge.
Drug and Therapeutics Committee (DTC) evolvement and expanded scope in Ethiopia
Authors: Seyoum Habtamu , Feleke Zinabie , Bikila Dinkineh , Yaregal Alebel , Demisie Amsalu , Ali Seid , Fisseha Salem , Abebe Yigeremu , Battu Audrey , Lam Felix , Bayisa Regasa
Published: March 2021

Background: As a key partner of Ministry of Health (MOH) Ethiopia, The Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI) had been implementing the Child Survival Project (CSP) since October 2015. Strengthening DTC was one of its focuses to improve overall supply chain management (SCM). The objectives of this study are to review the evolution of DTCs in Ethiopia from their early years to current practice and identify the major hindering factors for their functionality.

Methods: A descriptive study design was employed with mainly qualitative data collection methods and analysis. The assessment made use of both qualitative and quantitative data, generated from primary sources through key informant interviews and from secondary sources through desk review methods.

Results: DTCs were introduced in Ethiopia in the early 1980’s. The mandate of DTCs has been given to four different government organizations since this time. As a result, its implementation was lagging. Recently, the government and its partners have given attention to DTCs. More than 5847 professionals underwent DTC training from 2016 onwards. DTC establishment in health facilities (HFs) improved from 85% to 98% between 2015 and 2019 during baseline and endline assessments carried out by CHAI/CSP. Similarly, DTC functionality in HFs improved from 20% to 63%. The CHAI/CSP regular supervision data analysis revealed that DTC establishment improved from 83% to 100% of HFs, while its functionality improved from 5% to 72% between 2016 and 2019, respectively. A chi-square test of independence examining the relationship between facility and pharmacy head training on DTCs and functionality of DTC in the same facility revealed significant association between the two variables at p<0.0001.

Conclusions: Providing consistent capacity building and availing strong monitoring and evaluation system improves functionality of DTCs. Moreover, national coordinating bodies for DTCs and similar structures at Regional Health Bureaus and woreda health offices should be established.
Determinants of regulatory compliance in health and social care services: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Dunbar Paul , Browne John P. , O'Connor Laura
Published: March 2021

Background: The delivery of high quality health and social care services is a fundamental goal for health systems worldwide. Identifying the determinants of quality is a complex task as there are a myriad of variables to choose from. Researchers in this field have assessed a range of organisational and environmental factors (for example: staff composition, facility ownership, facility size) for an association with various quality metrics. Less attention has been paid to the determinants of compliance with quality regulation. Identifying the determinants of compliance has the potential to improve regulatory processes and can inform quality improvement initiatives undertaken by service providers and policy makers. This protocol describes a systematic review which will review literature from a wide range of study designs and sources to develop an overview of the determinants of regulatory compliance in health and social care services.

Methods: A wide range of study designs and grey literature will be sought for this review. Searches will be conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, SocINDEX and CINAHL databases. The studies included in the review will be subject to quality appraisal with reference to the collection of tools available from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data extraction will be informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). A narrative synthesis will be conducted on the barriers, facilitators and factors associated with compliance, with reference to the concepts mapped onto the CFIR. GRADE-CERQual will be used to grade the overall body of evidence.

Conclusion: The findings of this review will be useful to regulators to inform regulatory policy and practice. Service providers and policy makers may also use the findings to inform quality improvement initiatives aimed at improving compliance and quality across a range of health and social care services.
Presence, flow, and narrative absorption: an interdisciplinary theoretical exploration with a new spatiotemporal integrated model based on predictive processing
Authors: Pianzola Federico , Riva Giuseppe , Kukkonen Karin , Mantovani Fabrizia
Published: March 2021

Presence, flow, narrative absorption, immersion, transportation, and similar subjective phenomena are studied in many different disciplines, mostly in relation to mediated experiences (books, film, VR, games). Moreover, since real, virtual, or fictional agents are often involved, concepts like identification and state empathy are often linked to engaging media use. Based on a scoping review which identified similarities in the wording of various questionnaire items conceived to measure different phenomena, we categorize items into the most relevant psychological aspects, and use this categorization to propose an interdisciplinary systematization. Then, based on a framework of embodied predictive processing, we present a new cognitive model of presence-related phenomena for mediated and non-mediated experiences, integrating spatial and temporal aspects and also considering the role of fiction and media design. Key processes described within the model are: selective attention, enactment of intentions, and interoception. We claim that presence is the state of perceived successful agency of an embodied mind able to correctly enact its predictions. The difference between real-life and simulated experiences (“book problem,” “paradox of fiction”) lays in the different precision weighing of exteroceptive and interoceptive signals.
Leveraging the trust of nurses to advance a digital agenda in Europe: a critical review of health policy literature
Authors: De Raeve Paul , Davidson Patricia M. , Shaffer Franklin A. , Pol Eric , Pandey Amit Kumar , Adams Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

This article is a critical and integrative review of health policy literature examining artificial intelligence (AI) and its implications for healthcare systems and the frontline nursing workforce. A key focus is on co-creation as essential for the deployment and adoption of AI. Our review hinges on the European Commission’s White Paper on Artificial Intelligence from 2020, which provides a useful roadmap. The value of health data spaces and electronic health records (EHRs) is considered; and the role of advanced nurse practitioners in harnessing the potential of AI tools in their practice is articulated. Finally, this paper examines “trust” as a precondition for the successful deployment and adoption of AI in Europe.

AI applications in healthcare can enhance safety and quality, and mitigate against common risks and challenges, once the necessary level of trust is achieved among all stakeholders. Such an approach can enable effective preventative care across healthcare settings, particularly community and primary care. However, the acceptance of AI tools in healthcare is dependent on the robustness, validity and reliability of data collected and donated from EHRs (Smart4Health & InteropEHRate). Nurse stakeholders have a key role to play in this regard, since trust can only be fostered through engaging frontline end-users in the co-design of EHRs and new AI tools. Nurses hold an intimate understanding of the direct benefits of such technology, such as releasing valuable nursing time for essential patient care, and empowering patients and their family members as recipients of nursing care.

This article brings together insights from a unique group of stakeholders to explore the interaction between AI, the co-creation of data spaces and EHRs, and the role of the frontline nursing workforce. We identify the pre-conditions needed for successful deployment of AI and offer insights regarding the importance of co-creating the future European Health Data Space.
Defining the burden of febrile illness in rural South and Southeast Asia: an open letter to announce the launch of the Rural Febrile Illness project
Authors: Chandna Arjun , Shwe Nwe Htun Nan , Peto Thomas J. , Liverani Marco , Brummaier Tobias , Phommasone Koukeo , Ibna Zaman Sazid , Sandar Zaw Aye , Batty Elizabeth , Waithira Naomi , Richard-Greenblatt Melissa , Blacksell Stuart D. , Bodhidatta Ladaporn , Callery James J. , Fagnark Watcharintorn , Islam Shayla , Lertcharoenchoke Sanchai , Mukaka Mavuto , Pongvongsa Tiengkham , Schilling William H.K. , Thaipadungpanit Janjira , Tripura Rupam , Dondorp Arjen M. , Mayxay Mayfong , White Nicholas J. , Nosten François , Smithuis Frank , Ashley Elizabeth A. , Maude Richard J. , Day Nicholas P.J. , Lubell Yoel
Published: March 2021

In rural areas of South and Southeast Asia malaria is declining but febrile illnesses still account for substantial morbidity and mortality. Village health workers (VHWs) are often the first point of contact with the formal health system, and for patients with febrile illnesses they can provide early diagnosis and treatment of malaria. However, for the majority of febrile patients, VHWs lack the training, support and resources to provide further care. Consequently, treatable bacterial illnesses are missed, antibiotics are overused and poorly targeted, and patient attendance wanes along with declining malaria.

This Open Letter announces the start of a new initiative, the Rural Febrile Illness (RFI) project, the first in a series of projects to be implemented as part of the South and Southeast Asian Community-based Trials Network (SEACTN) research programme. This multi-country, multi-site project will begin in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar and will define the epidemiological baseline of febrile illness in five remote and underserved areas of Asia where malaria endemicity is declining and access to health services is limited.

The RFI project aims to determine the incidence, causes and outcomes of febrile illness; understand the opportunities, barriers and appetite for adjustment of the role of VHWs to include management of non-malarial febrile illnesses; and establish a network of community healthcare providers and facilities capable of implementing interventions designed to triage, diagnose and treat patients presenting with febrile illnesses within these communities in the future.
Differences in total and regional body fat and their association with BMI in UK-born White and South Asian children: findings from the Born in Bradford birth cohort
Authors: Santorelli Gillian , West Jane , Yang Tiffany , Wright John , Bryant Maria , Lawlor D.A.
Published: March 2021

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a proxy to determine excess adiposity, though this may underestimate fat mass (FM) in individuals of South Asian (SA) heritage. SA tend to have greater central adiposity than white people, which is associated with a higher risk of cardiometabolic disease. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the differences in total and regional FM using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to see if any differences in FM varied by BMI category in UK-born white and SA children aged ~9 years.

Methods: Anthropometric measurements and DXA scans were undertaken from 225 white and 269 SA children from the Born in Bradford cohort study. Linear regression was used to assess ethnic differences in total body fat percent and total and regional FM.

Results: Although the mean BMI was similar, compared to white children, the proportion of SA children who were overweight or obese was ~20% higher, they had a median of 2kg more total FM, and the proportion with > 35% total body fat (TBF) was 22% and 16% higher in boys and girls respectively. Mean TBF% was greater in each BMI category, as was truncal, android and gynoid FM, with the greatest differences between ethnic groups observed in the healthy and overweight categories.

Conclusions: Greater TBF% and total and regional FM in the healthy- and overweight BMI categories observed in SA children suggests they may be at greater risk of future cardiometabolic disease at a BMI level below obesity threshold. However, our sample size was small, and results may be influenced by selection bias and confounding; our findings need to be replicated in a larger study.
Constructing the Soviet Man’s Image in Modern Liberal Sociology Discourse (Levada-Centre Texts Cases)
Authors: Beznosov Mihail , Golikov A.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the practice of discursive construction of the image of the Soviet (including the Soviet person) in the discourse of modern Russian sociology. As a specific empirical case, the authors choose the texts of the Levada Center (hereinafter - LC), which are analyzed using critical discourse analysis in N. Fairklough's variations, based on the study of mythologemes and discourse of the Soviet based on the developments of R. Barthes and P. Bourdieu. The discourse of the Soviet (man) is analyzed as a discourse of implicitly liberal sociology, which, while denying explicit ideology, reproduces non-scientific (in particular, mythological, ideological, worldview) structures. It is emphasized that such an implicit ideological and worldview bias, not necessarily defined as an intentional orientation, has a significant impact on both the programming of research and the objectivity of their results, and the discursive practices of their description and interpretation. Typical practices and structures of the discoursivization of the image of the Soviet (man) in the texts of the LC are presented and analyzed. A special emphasis is made on the political connotations of the nominations, discourses and denotations proposed by the authors of the LC texts. A conclusion is formulated about the limitations of the objectivity of the political and discursive representation of the image of the Soviet (person) in modern (in particular, liberal) sociology on the example of LC texts.
DIARIO FILOSÓFICO Y MARATÓN EN LÍNEA COMO FORMATOS CONTEMPORÁNEOS DE PRÁCTICA FILOSÓFICA: EL CUIDADO DEL YO EN EL MUNDO MODERNO.
Authors: Bogdanova Veronika , Milyaeva Ekaterina , Penner Regina
Published: March 2021

The article presents two relatively new formats of philosophical practice: a philosophical diary and an online marathon. The authors of the article were developers of both formats; we have tested these forms at the university with a student audience and outside university. As a result of the study, we came to the conclusion that the philosophical diary can be an effective form of a person’s work with the self; along with the psychotherapeutic diary, this is a modern format of practice of care of the self. The online marathon is a format of group practice when you analyze and reflect on various existentials together with the facilitator of the marathon and other participants. Both formats fit into the Internet environment. The final result of our study was the formulation of an original method of philosophical practice, which we called philosophical meditations.
Perfil dos frequentadores e padrão de utilização das academias ao ar livre: revisão de escopo
Authors: Battistel Jéssica Aparecida , Floss Marilia Isabel , Cruvinel Agnes de Fátima Pereira , Barbato Paulo Roberto , Fermino Rogério César , Guerra Paulo Henrique
Published: March 2021

Com objetivo de identificar e sumarizar os dados de pesquisas que investigaram o perfil dos usuários das Academias ao Ar Livre (AAL) no Brasil, assim como o padrão de utilização destes espaços, em dezembro de 2020 foi realizada uma revisão de escopo, procurando por artigos observacionais, conduzidos no território brasileiro, que identificaram o perfil dos frequentadores e o padrão de utilização das AAL. Dos 16 artigos encontrados, que representam 10 distintos projetos, identificou-se que mulheres, pessoas na faixa etária entre 40 e 59 anos de idade, com ensino médio completo, casados/as e com sobrepeso representam o perfil mais comum de frequentadores das AAL no país. Complementarmente, a síntese também aponta que frequentadores utilizam as AAL há, pelo menos, 12 meses, com periodicidade de utilização de, pelo menos, três dias da semana, geralmente, nos dias úteis. Em conclusão, as AAL contribuem para a equidade ao acesso à atividade física. Entretanto, novos projetos são necessários, com utilização de abordagens mistas, para uma melhor compreensão das características que ao momento ainda são inconclusivas.
Managing Boundaries in Multiteam Structures: From Parochialism to Integrated Pluralism
Authors: de Vries Thomas A. , van der Vegt Gerben S. , Bunderson J. Stuart , Walter Frank , Essens Peter J. M. D.
Published: March 2021

Multiteam structures are increasingly used to coordinate complex tasks between different groups. To realize this potential, however, the members of a multiteam structure must manage a complex set of boundary relations within, between, and beyond the various constituent teams—boundary relations that can be cooperative, competitive, or some combination of both at the same time. This multimethod study provides insight into how multiteam structures can meet this challenge. Specifically, we examined how the different organizations that utilize and support the Dutch railway system learned to manage boundaries as they transitioned from a centralized, arms-length structure to a colocated, multiteam structure for coordinating disruption responses (i.e., the Rail Operations Control Center (ROCC)). In part 1 of our study, qualitative analyses of interview, observational, and archival data suggested that learning to manage boundaries within the ROCC was not simple or linear but evolved through trial and error during various phases. Ultimately, the ROCC developed an approach we call “integrated pluralism,” establishing a dynamic balance that combines both collaborative and competitive approaches to boundary management. In this manner, the ROCC teams were able to attain integrated solutions and coordinated task accomplishment while simultaneously defending internal team operations and home organization interests. In part 2, we employed an interrupted time series analysis to demonstrate that the implementation of the ROCC resulted in significant performance improvements. Consistent with the results of part 1, we found that these improvements emerged gradually over time as teams learned to work out their boundary relations and transitioned to integrated pluralism. These findings provide new insights into how individuals and teams can work together to tackle the unique boundary management challenges presented by multiteam structures and illuminate the dynamic trial and error process by which component teams can learn to both cooperate and compete.
Presença pirandelliana na obra de Antonio Tabucchi
Authors: Maffia Erica Salatini
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo discute a presença pirandelliana na narrativa do escritor italiano contemporâneo Antonio Tabucchi, partindo do conceito de intertextualidade.  Tabucchi é herdeiro da tradição literária italiana, e no que se refere a seus temas, é herdeiro do relativismo pirandelliano, ao mostrar em sua narrativa o reverso das coisas, ao afirmar que determinada coisa que era de um certo modo pode assumir também o seu revés, de acordo com o olhar de quem a observa. Pirandello não só influencia a temática tabucchiana, mas é também um modelo para a construção de seus personagens, assim como uma referência imprescindível para o leitor que quer desvendar os mistérios da escrita tabucchiana.
Leopardi il filosofo poetante
Authors: Dugo Sandra
Published: March 2021

Proponiamo uno studio interpretativo del pensiero poetante di Giacomo Leopardi, approfondendo l’analisi filologica di alcuni versi poetici e di alcune riflessioni estratte da Pensieri di varia filosofia e di bella letteratura, conosciuti come Zibaldone. Il nostro Recanatese ha creato un’originale teoria di filosofia sull’esistenza umana, sulla vita, e sul metodo più adatto per intraprendere la ricerca della felicità, desiderio inarrestabile dell’uomo di ogni epoca. Non c’è alcun dubbio nel definire Leopardi filosofo esistenzialista. Anticipatore del nichilismo di Friedrich Nietzsche, riesce a proporre una filosofia i cui concetti principali sono: il nulla nichilistico, la ragione umana, la verità, la teoria della felicità, accogliendo l’interpretazione del filosofo italiano Emanuele Severino, del critico letterario Antonio Prete. L’obiettivo di questo studio non è esaustivo in questa sede, ma vuole dimostrare che l’interpretazione tradizionale del pessimismo individuale e cosmico del poeta è assolutamente riduttiva e insufficiente per comprendere la base teorica delle riflessioni di tutte le opere leopardiane. Lo Zibaldone non va letto come un insieme di pensieri confusi, privi di una connessione logica, perché sono in realtà un sistema di riflessioni basate su dimostrazioni certe, alla cui base vive uno scetticismo ragionato e dimostrato con una grande forza psichica in ogni sua pagina.
Contrabando legislativo e a implantação do estaleiro Enseada Indústria Naval: caminhos e descaminhos do empreendimento
Authors: Ferreira Ícaro Argolo
Published: March 2021

O artigo trata dos caminhos e descaminhos na implantação do Estaleiro Enseada Indústria Naval, empreendimento que envolveu alterações normativas de impacto na área escolhida. Para tanto, toma-se por base o ano de 2009, onde foram elaborados estudos e documentos, como o Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) e o Relatório de Impacto Ambiental (RIMA), resoluções e pareceres técnicos sobre os possíveis impactos resultantes do processo de implantação, ao meio ambiente, à economia e às famílias que viviam na Reserva Baía do Iguape, em Maragojipe[1]. No processo de discussão e estudo para a liberação das obras, e diante dos obstáculos legais apontadas desde a apresentação do projeto, foram realizados alguns mecanismos de acomodação, negociação e ajustes, especialmente de aspectos conflitivos, que dizem respeito tanto ao ambiente físico e seus limites jurídicos, como as condições de bem-estar e direitos das populações locais. Como objetivo o artigo busca analisar o processo e as assimetrias inerentes aos usos do território pela implantação do empreendimento. A metodologia do estudo consiste na análise documental, situacional da área do empreendimento e entrevistas com membros da comunidade envolvida.
O plano diretor como instrumento de concreção do estado socioambiental de direito ante a função social e ambiental da propriedade
Authors: Torres Juliana Castro , Lehfeld Lucas De Souza
Published: March 2021

O artigo objetiva demonstrar como o plano diretor e as normas de parcelamento do solo urbano são instrumentos jurídicos capazes de garantir o Estado Socioambiental de Direito, visando uma política pública urbana que assegure o desenvolvimento sustentável das cidades e o uso adequado do solo, respeitando as funções socioambientais e garantindo a dignidade dos seus habitantes. O planejamento urbano institui diretrizes de organização das áreas habitáveis, promovendo à população um ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado e organizado, para que todos tenham condições dignas de sobrevivência, com saneamento ambiental, educação, moradia, lazer, trabalho. Porém, o que se observa é a falta de controle sobre o uso e a ocupação do solo, gerando grandes desafios no processo de urbanização, provocados tanto pela omissão do Poder Público ou pela falta de fiscalização e mobilização na participação democrática da população, acarretando inúmeros problemas de cunho social e ambiental. O estudo destaca o Plano Diretor como um instrumento público eficaz e capaz de garantir a ideal organização das cidades, desde que devidamente implementado. A pesquisa se caracteriza como sendo teórica, qualitativa e bibliográfica e o método de procedimento é o dedutivo, valendo-se de material histórico, sociológico e jurídico, a partir de livros e artigos científicos.
Perfil farmacoterapêutico de usuários de práticas integrativas e complementares
Authors: Oliveira Fernanda Rocha Anjos de , Pinto Graziele Ferreira , Nicácio Raquel Aparecida Rodrigues , Araujo Renata Aparecida Faria de , Santos Débora Aparecida da Silva , Matos Magda De , Goulart Letícia Silveira
Published: March 2021

As Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICs) se inserem no modelo assistencial holístico estabelecendo o equilíbrio entre ciência, tecnologia e humanização, assim, promovem a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos usuários, podendo reduzir a farmaco-dependência. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo de medicamentos em indivíduos que utilizam PICs. Trata-se de um estudo de base populacional realizado no município de Rondonópolis, MT. A amostragem foi realizada em múltiplos estágios, estratificada e por conglomerados.  Foram incluídos na pesquisa 177 indivíduos que utilizavam alguma PIC. A média de medicamentos consumidos por entrevistado foi usada como indicador da intensidade e as diferenças entre as médias de consumo foram comparadas por meio do teste de Kruskal Wallis. A prevalência de consumo de medicamentos entre usuários de PICs foi de 79,66%. O consumo médio de medicamentos na população estudada foi de 2,13 (DP: 2,31), sendo significativamente superior em idosos, indivíduos que possuíam até 8 anos de estudo, que não trabalhavam, que buscaram o serviço de urgência no último ano e os que possuíam plano de saúde. Os medicamentos que atuam no sistema cardiovascular foram os mais consumidos. Os usuários de PICs apresentaram uma alta prevalência uso de medicamentos. É de grande importância que pesquisas e ações de educação em saúde visando a promoção de um consumo consciente de medicamentos sejam realizadas e implementadas entre os usuários de PICs.
Análise da ocorrência de infecção hospitalar após cirurgia cardíaca em hospital de referência
Authors: Nahum Camila Da Costa , Simões Marcelo Coelho , Ferreira Andrea Cristina Beltrão , Vilhena Andressa Ozela de , Lisboa Cinthia De Oliveira , Bichara Cléa Nazaré Carneiro
Published: March 2021

O estudo objetivou analisar o perfil dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca e a incidência de infecção hospitalar no pós-operatório. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem quantitativa, descritivo, longitudinal e de caráter retrospectivo. A amostra do estudo consistiu em 316 pacientes que foram submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca na FHCGV no período de 2013-2014 e que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os dados foram coletados dos prontuários através de formulário. A análise foi feita através de comparações utilizando o odds ratio, teste qui quadrado e posteriormente regressão logística. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Identificou-se que a maior parte dos pacientes era do sexo masculino, com idade inferior a 61 anos e de raça parda, da região metropolitana de Belém e casados. As principais comorbidades encontradas foram DM, HAS e tabagismo. A maior parte foi admitido por IAM, porém os pacientes com valvopatia tiveram maior associação com infecção. Conclusão: A partir de tais achados propôs-se um protocolo específico para ser utilizado desde a unidade de internação, passando pelo bloco cirúrgico até a UTI, pois se acredita que as medidas preventivas vão muito além daquelas já muitas vezes debatidas no ambiente de cuidados intensivos.
A temática saúde nos documentos internacionais sobre esporte e lazer entre os anos de 1964 e 1985
Authors: Garcia Alessandro Barreta , Monteiro Rui Anderson Costa , Ferraz Almir De França , Andrade Erinaldo Luiz de , Figueira Junior Aylton
Published: March 2021

O tema saúde sempre suscitou curiosidades de muitos pesquisadores. Sendo ela uma temática de grande importância, diferentes trabalhos são expostos com variados pontos de vistas e críticas. Na área da educação física não é diferente, e essa discussão se arrasta por muitos anos em um cenário de rediscussão constante. Nesse contexto, muitas críticas acabam por surgir, uma delas é a ideia de que a saúde não foi amplamente debatida no período dos governos militares e pouco havia de documentação a esse respeito. A pergunta de partida do presente estudo é: não havia uma preocupação mais ampla com a saúde, bem como, documentos que tratassem dessa temática no âmbito da educação física escolar e do esporte? O objetivo da pesquisa consistiu em identificar, analisar e sintetizar documentos relacionados à saúde com ênfase no esporte e lazer/educação física brasileira no período de 1964 a 1985. Os documentos utilizados a partir da indicação da bibliografia do professor Manoel Gomes Tubino. A análise dos documentos fundou-se no item “conteúdos sobre saúde” à luz do conceito de saúde de 1946. Foi possível entender que as práticas esportivas na sociedade e na escola estavam alinhadas aos ideais de prevenção da saúde por meio do desenvolvimento dos aspectos físico, social e mental. Dessa forma, os resultados parecem contradizer o pensamento de parcos documentos abordando o fomento à saúde no período de 1964-1985, seja na escola ou na sociedade de forma geral.
Oficina de reflexão de práticas pedagógicas sob a ótica do uso de metodologias ativas
Authors: Dias Ernandes Gonçalves , Soares Cleiciane Faria , Fonseca Cleonice Corrêa
Published: March 2021

Refletir as práticas pedagógicas praticadas por docentes do ensino superior é necessário para o avanço na qualidade do ensino, aperfeiçoamento profissional e crescimento e alcance de indicadores pelas Instituições de Ensino Superior. A realização de oficinas pedagógicas com docentes pode estimular que estes profissionais se motivem e reflitam sobre a importância do uso de metodologias ativas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Objetivou-se provocar inquietações e estimular os docentes a trocar experiências quanto às práticas e adoção de metodologias ativas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem na IES. O método empregado na Oficina remete a um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa. As atividades foram organizadas em cinco blocos, o primeiro compreendeu acolhimento e abertura dos docentes participantes, seguido por uma rodada de questões disparadoras de discussão com três questões reflexivas, o terceiro uma e o quarto com duas questões também disparadoras e o quinto bloco com apresentação de uma síntese crítica a partir dos relatos e argumentos expostos pelos docentes e avaliação da oficina. As produções elaboradas na Oficina mostram que os docentes adotam o uso metodologias ativas nas aulas, reconhecem o cenário de atuação da IES e público que atende, têm visão bastante positiva em relação à sua formação e prática profissional e menos positiva em relação aos acadêmicos sob sua responsabilidade de formação.
Bowel dysfunction after surgery
Authors: Burch Jennie
Published: March 2021

The functions of the lower parts of the bowel, namely the colon and rectum, are predominantly the absorption of fluids and elimination of faeces and flatus. Bowel surgery may be carried out in the treatment of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease or diverticular disease, and may involve the formation of a permanent or temporary stoma. The type of colorectal surgery carried out depends on the condition and where the problem occurs. Surgery can alter not only the bowel's anatomy but also its functioning. Bowel dysfunction can manifest as constipation, faecal incontinence or diarrhoea. Nurses are well placed to assist patients to resolve many of these problems as well as stoma issues.
Stoma formation as a palliative procedure: the role of the clinical nurse specialist in maintaining quality of life
Authors: Henbrey Rachel
Published: March 2021

More than half of patients diagnosed with colon cancer present at an advanced stage, and palliative treatment may involve stoma formation. A literature review was undertaken to determine the potential effects of stoma formation as a palliative procedure on a patient's quality of life, and to examine the role of the clinical nurse specialist in this situation. Limited literature was found on this specific subject, so established evidence surrounding stoma formation and quality of life was examined in relation to palliative care. The clinical nurse specialist provides expert knowledge that can help to limit stoma complications and is also able to conduct assessments that identify holistic concerns affecting quality of life. However, access to a clinical nurse specialist may be limited, particularly when surgery is performed as an emergency. There is the potential for research surrounding patient experiences that may improve service provision for this client group.
Physiological quality of mechanically harvested chickpea seeds
Authors: Xavier Dias Letícia Betânia , Afonso de Melo Queiroz Pedro , Cardoso de Castro Thaís , Antonio Moreira de Freitas Marco , Fernandes Leão-Araújo Érica , Marcos Nascimento Warley
Published: March 2021

Our objective was to evaluate the occurrence of mechanical damage in chickpea seeds with the combination of two harvester speeds (2.5 and 3.5 km.h-1) and three adjustments for rotor rotation speeds (500, 700, and 850 rpm). Harvesting was carried out in a seed production field. Seeds were evaluated for purity, germination (G), first count (FC), germination speed index (GSI), hypochlorite, electrical conductivity, and tetrazolium tests. There was an effect of harvester speeds on seed physiological quality for the first count (FC), germination (G), germination speed index (GSI), especially when combining with high rotor rotation speed. In these cases, the speed of 2.5 km.h-1 resulted in lower values. This harvester speed also had worse results when combining with 850 rpm for purity and hypochlorite tests. The tetrazolium test was not efficient in identifying differences in seed quality. There was no significant interaction between harvester speeds and rotor rotation speeds for the conductivity test. Evaluating the harvester speed’s isolated effect (3.5 km.h-1), we identified problems in seed vigor due to the higher value of exudates in the electrical conductivity test. Low harvester speed (2.5 km.h-1) associated with high rotor rotation speeds (700 and 850 rpm) causes a reduction of the physical and physiological quality of seeds.
High sensitivity temperature sensor based on a side-hole fiber
Authors: Yu Zhenyu , Lang Tingting , Hu Jie , Chen Mengdan , Ding Kaige , Shao Li-Yang
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes a temperature sensor based on a side-hole fiber (SHF). The sensor is formed by single-mode fiber (SMF)-coreless fiber (CLF)-SHF-CLF-SMF fusion splicing. The SHF adopts the dislocation fusion splicing method to ensure that one air hole is exposed. Two different interferences form a superposition, making the response more sensitive. The experiment shows that the sensitivity during heating and cooling is 1.587 nm/°C and 1.681 nm/°C, respectively, in the temperature range of 25–45°C. The sensor has high temperature sensitivity, exhibits easy processing, is smaller in size, and has important research value for temperature monitoring in daily life and industrial production.
Extended aperture line-scanning Hartmann wavefront sensor
Authors: Xu Hongfeng , Wu Jigang
Published: March 2021

We first propose a line-scanning Hartmann wavefront sensor (LS-HWS) with extended aperture. In the LS-HWS, a line-scanning imaging sensor was driven by a motor and scanning behind a large-area Hartman mask. Compared to the traditional Hartman wavefront sensor with two-dimensional imaging sensors, our method can significantly enlarge the aperture because of the larger imaging area with line-scanning imaging sensors. Cross correlation registration was adopted to reduce the scanning error. Experiments on two single spherical lenses and a free-form lens were performed to demonstrate the capability of the LS-HWS method. The results show that our method can achieve an aperture of

17.5
×
37.5

m
m

2

with the prototype system, which could be further extended easily and is limited only by the size of the line-scanning imaging sensor and the scanning range of the motor. We believe that the LS-HWS method is promising for many wavefront sensing applications where a large aperture is preferred.
Toroidal dipole Fano resonances supported by lattice-perturbed dielectric nanohole arrays in the near-infrared region
Authors: Song Duofu , Wang Hong , Deng Meng , Wang Yi
Published: March 2021

The toroidal dipole (TD) plays an important role in light–matter interactions. In this paper, a lattice-perturbed dielectric nanohole array structure has been put forward to excite dominant TD Fano resonances in the near-infrared region. Herein, the numerical investigations and experimental demonstrations have been performed to characterize the TD Fano resonances with a series of lattice perturbations. The scattering power of TD and quality (

Q

)-factor of the resonance can be tailored by tuning perturbation. By using the lattice perturbation of 53 nm, the highest experimental

Q

-factor of 584 is obtained.
Band structure calculation of photonic crystals with frequency-dependent permittivities
Authors: Xiao Wenqiang , Sun Jiguang
Published: March 2021

We propose a new method for band structure calculation of photonic crystals. It can treat arbitrarily frequency-dependent, lossy or lossless materials. The band structure problem is first formulated as the eigenvalue problem of an operator function. Finite elements are then used for discretization. Finally, the spectral indicator method is employed to compute the eigenvalues. Numerical examples in both TE and TM cases are presented to show the effectiveness. There exist very few examples in literature for the TM case, and the examples in this paper can serve as benchmarks.
Exactly unitary discrete representations of the metaplectic transform for linear-time algorithms
Authors: Lopez N. A. , Dodin I. Y.
Published: March 2021

The metaplectic transform (MT), a generalization of the Fourier transform sometimes called the linear canonical transform, is a tool used ubiquitously in modern optics, for example, when calculating the transformations of light beams in paraxial optical systems. The MT is also an essential ingredient of the geometrical-optics modeling of caustics that we recently proposed. In particular, this application relies on the near-identity MT (NIMT); however, the NIMT approximation used so far is not exactly unitary and leads to numerical instability. Here, we develop a discrete MT that is exactly unitary, and approximate it to obtain a discrete NIMT that is also unitary and can be computed in linear time. We prove that the discrete NIMT converges to the discrete MT when iterated, thereby allowing the NIMT to compute MTs that are not necessarily near-identity. We then demonstrate the new algorithms with a series of examples.
Speckle-dependent accuracy in phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography
Authors: Hepburn Matt S. , Foo Ken Y. , Wijesinghe Philip , Munro Peter R. T. , Chin Lixin , Kennedy Brendan F.
Published: March 2021

Phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used to measure motion in a range of techniques, such as Doppler OCT and optical coherence elastography (OCE). In phase-sensitive OCT, motion is typically estimated using a model of the OCT signal derived from a single reflector. However, this approach is not representative of turbid samples, such as tissue, which exhibit speckle. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrate, through theory and experiment that speckle significantly lowers the accuracy of phase-sensitive OCT in a manner not accounted for by the OCT signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We describe how the inaccuracy in speckle reduces phase difference sensitivity and introduce a new metric, speckle brightness, to quantify the amount of constructive interference at a given location in an OCT image. Experimental measurements show an almost three-fold degradation in sensitivity between regions of high and low speckle brightness at a constant OCT SNR. Finally, we apply these new results in compression OCE to demonstrate a ten-fold improvement in strain sensitivity, and a five-fold improvement in contrast-to-noise by incorporating independent speckle realizations. Our results show that speckle introduces a limit to the accuracy of phase-sensitive OCT and that speckle brightness should be considered to avoid erroneous interpretation of experimental data.
Frequency splicing code-based Brillouin optical time domain collider for fast dynamic measurement
Authors: Zhou Yin , Yan Lianshan , He Haijun , Li Zonglei , Qian Heng , Zhang Xinpu , Pan Wei , Luo Bin
Published: March 2021

We propose a frequency splicing code-based Brillouin optical time domain collider (FSC-BOTDC) for fast dynamic sensing. By delicately designing the frequency splicing code (FSC), multiple collision modes with controllable characteristics are realized for probing multiple target areas with a high sampling rate. Moreover, the sensing system is simpler and more robust than the previous BOTDC. In the experiment, the FSC-BOTDC with 10-time enhanced sampling rate is implemented for single and multiple target areas measurements. Results demonstrate that tailorable measurements can be achieved by the tunable FSC. Furthermore, the FSC-BOTDC is executed to measure periodic mechanical vibrations over 7.9-km sensing range with the sampling rate of 625 Hz.
Image enhancement for fluorescence microscopy based on deep learning with prior knowledge of aberration
Authors: Hu Lejia , Hu Shuwen , Gong Wei , Si Ke
Published: March 2021

In this Letter, we propose a deep learning method with prior knowledge of potential aberration to enhance the fluorescence microscopy without additional hardware. The proposed method could effectively reduce noise and improve the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired images at high speed. The enhancement performance and generalization of this method is demonstrated on three commercial fluorescence microscopes. This work provides a computational alternative to overcome the degradation induced by the biological specimen, and it has the potential to be further applied in biological applications.
Hydrophobic passivation of ultra-high-Q silica wedge resonators using hexamethyldisilazane
Authors: Jeong Dongin , Kim Dae-Gon , Do In Hwan , Lee Hansuek
Published: March 2021

Dissipative Kerr solitons in ultra-high-

Q

resonators are extremely sensitive to the thermal behavior of the resonators. Especially for resonators with hydrophilic surfaces, moisture continuously adsorbs on their surfaces and causes additional absorption loss that results in an excessive thermal shift of resonance frequency. This change makes soliton mode locking more challenging or even impossible. Here, we report hydrophobic monolayer passivation using hexamethyldisilazane on ultra-high-

Q

silica wedge resonators. It was experimentally confirmed that the

Q

-factor and dispersion were maintained after passivation, and excess thermal shift by moisture was inhibited for more than three days in the atmosphere. Soliton mode locking was successfully performed with the resonator one month after passivation.
Seeded optical parametric generation in CdSiP2 pumped by a Raman fiber amplifier at 1.24  µm
Authors: Murray R. T. , Chandran A. M. , Battle R. A. , Runcorn T. H. , Schunemann P. G. , Zawilski K. T. , Guha S. , Taylor J. R.
Published: March 2021

We report a seeded optical parametric generator (OPG) producing tunable radiation from 4.2–4.6 µm. The seeded OPG employs a 13 mm long

C
d
S
i

P

2

(CSP) crystal cut for non-critical phase-matching, pumped by a nanosecond-pulsed, MHz repetition rate Raman fiber amplifier system at 1.24 µm. A filtered, continuous-wave fiber supercontinuum source at 1.72 µm is used as the seed. The source generates up to 0.25 W of mid-infrared (MIR) idler power with a total pump conversion of 42% (combined signal and idler).
High-power narrow spectrum GaSb-based DBR lasers emitting near 2.1  µm
Authors: Jiang Jiang , Shterengas Leon , Kipshidze Gela , Stein Aaron , Belyanin Alexey , Belenky Gregory
Published: March 2021

Stable high-power narrow-linewidth operation of the 2.05–2.1 µm GaSb-based diode lasers was achieved by utilizing the sixth-order surface-etched distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirrors. The DBR multimode devices with 100 µm wide ridge waveguides generated

∼

850

m
W

in the continuous wave (CW) regime at 20°C. The device CW output power was limited by thermal rollover. The laser emission spectrum was defined by Bragg reflector reflectivity at all operating currents in a wide temperature range. The devices operated at DBR line with detuning from gain peak exceeding 10 meV.
Ultra-high sensitivity strain sensor based on biconical fiber with a bulge air-bubble
Authors: Xu Ben , Chen Min , Yang Kai , Guo Yun , Wang D. N. , Zhao Chun-Liu
Published: March 2021

An ultra-high sensitivity Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) strain sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It is composed of a biconical fiber with a bulge air-bubble at its waist. Because of the good stress concentration capability of the tapered fiber, the bulge air-bubble is easily deformed when it is stressed, resulting in an ultra-high strain sensitivity of 101.7 pm/µɛ, which is the highest strain sensitivity among the direct wavelength interrogation-based strain sensors reported so far, to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, the proposed sensor has a low temperature sensitivity of

∼

1

p
m

/

∘

C

; thus an extreme low temperature cross sensitivity of less than 10 nɛ/°C can be achieved.