bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expectant management of severe early-onset preeclampsia in a low- resource setting: A case report
Authors: Sinei E.K , Mwangi F.M , Ondieki D.K
Published: November 2024

Background: Severe early-onset preeclampsia is associated with increased likelihood of maternal complications and poor perinatal outcomes, regardless of expectant management.Case presentation: A 17-year-old primigravida at 30 weeks' gestation presented to the obstetric ward with complaints of headaches and painless per vaginal bleeding for one day. Her blood pressure was 174/106 mmHg. She had proteinuria of 3+. The ultrasound revealed a 30-week single intrauterine pregnancy with a partial placenta previa. A diagnosis of severe early-onset preeclampsia was made. She was started on expectant management with antihypertensives, antenatal corticosteroids, and magnesium sulfate with close monitoring. She developed hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome after seven days and was delivered by cesarean section. Her clinical condition improved markedly after delivery.
Conclusion: Expectant management of severe early-onset preeclampsia can safely prolong pregnancy in select cases, with potential neonatal benefits.
Promoting delivery of reproductive health services through legal support and capacity development of healthcare providers in a health provider network in Kenya
Authors: Munyasia Nelly L. , Mwangi Eunice M , Wanja M. Tenambergen
Published: November 2024

Background: Health provider networks (HPNs), an innovation in the private sector, is a service delivery model that has improved access to health services. However, there are no known studies or empirical evidence to support their effectiveness in Kenya.Objective: To determine the influence that legal support and provider capacity building have on providing quality reproductive health services in a healthcare provider network in Kenya.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The study was carried out among Reproductive Health Network Kenya (RHNK) healthcare providers spread all over 42 counties in Kenya. The target population was 457 health care providers within RHNK. A sample of 252 health care providers was drawn using simple random sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the 252 health care providers in the network. Quantitative data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software, version 23, for descriptive and inferential statistics, and results were presented in tables.
Results: A total of 252 respondents were included in this study; 52 (n=132) were male. Forty-six percent % (n=117) of the respondents were between 41-50 years. Nurses were the majority at 73 (n=184), and 31 % % (n=78) of the respondents owned nursing homes. Fifty-one percent (n=127) of the respondents were diploma holders, and 28 (n=70) had 16-20 years of % work experience. The bivariate analysis reported that legal support (r=.235**, p< .05) and capacity building (r= .213**, p< .05) had a positive and significant influence on the provision of quality reproductive health services in the provider network.Conclusion: Legal support and capacity building through training, mentorship, and coaching significantly impact reproductive health services quality in a provider network.
Conservative management of classic Couvelaire uterus with postpartum hemorrhage: A case report
Authors: Ndayisaba Dorel C. , Mugendi Sheila , Gwako George N.
Published: November 2024

Background: Couvelaire uterus is an uncommon outcome of severe placental abruption and can only be diagnosed by visual inspection of the uterus or biopsy.Case presentation: A 28-year-old gravida 2 para 1 presented with labor-like pain and vaginal bleeding at 38 weeks + 6 days. She gave no history of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy or trauma. The fetal heart rate was not detected by cardiotocography. An emergency cesarian section revealed a fresh stillbirth male with placental abruption in a Couvelaire uterus. She developed immediate postpartum hemorrhage, which was managed with uterotonics, uterine balloon tamponade, and was transfused 1.5liters of blood. She was discharged on the third postoperative day and was stable on three distinct postnatal clinic visits.Conclusion: Couvelaire uterus can be managed conservatively as it resolves spontaneously. This case highlights one of its fatal fetal and maternal complications when the opportunity for timely intervention is missed.
Undiagnosed advanced abdominal pregnancy with fetal demise: A case report
Authors: Ndayisaba Dorel C. , Mjahid Hassan , Kaneza Kelly M. , Gwako George N.
Published: November 2024

Background: Abdominal pregnancy is rare and non-fatal. There are no specific associated symptoms, especially in cases of an uncomplicated type, which can reach term gestation.Case presentation: A 30-year-old gravida 2 para 1 presented to the labor ward as a referral with a confirmed intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) by a transabdominal ultrasound at 36 weeks + 1 day. She was not in labor,had no drainage of liquor or per vaginal bleeding. A repeat scan confirmed the IUFD. Induction of labor was started but was unsuccessful. Intraoperatively, an abdominal pregnancy was found with a macerated stillbirth. The placenta was adherent to the small intestines and was left in the abdomen. She was managed conservatively with intravenous fluids and antibiotics. Her postnatal follow-up was unremarkable.Conclusion: Undiagnosed advanced abdominal pregnancies are common in low-resource settings, especially when antenatal care visits are not adhered to. Sensitization on antenatal care and ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, when accessible, are critical in the diagnosis of late-stage abdominal pregnancy.
Quality of glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes among patients with gestational diabetes at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya
Authors: Salome N. Noreh , Gichuhi Joseph W. , Mokomba Alfred
Published: November 2024

Background: The prevalence of diabetes and gestational diabetes is rising worldwide. If poorly managed, diabetes in pregnancy has a far-reaching negative impact on the mother and newborn.Objective: To determine the quality of glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes among patients with gestational diabetes in Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.Methods: A retrospective descriptive cohort study design was employed. The study setting was Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. The study population was women with diabetes in pregnancy. The study period was May 2011 to November 2019. A sample size of 258 diabetic pregnant patients was reached; 230 and 28 were in the exposed and unexposed groups with the average third trimester fasting blood sugar levels of ≥5.3mmol/L and <5.3mmol/L, respectively. Data were analyzed using the IBM statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The prevalence of poor glycemic control (average third-trimester fasting blood sugar level ≥5.3mmol/L) was 89.1 . There was a higher % incidence of macrosomia (25.7 vs. 21.4 ; p-value % % 0.627), stillbirths (17.9 vs. 3.6 ; p-value 0.058) % % and preterm birth (43.9 vs. 21.4 ; p-value 0.025) % % among patients with gestational diabetes with poor glycemic control compared to those with good glycemic control. Among mothers with poor glycemic control, the pre-existing diabetes patients experienced significantly worse outcomes of stillbirths (20.9 vs. % 0 ; p-value 0.004) and preterm births (47.2 vs. % % 24.2 ; p-value 0.014) than the gestational diabetes % patients.Conclusion: Poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes,including macrosomia, stillbirths, and preterm births, with the poorly controlled pre-existing diabetic women experiencing significantly worse outcomes of stillbirths and preterm births than the poorly controlled gestational diabetes patients.
Maternal danger signs in pregnancy: adoption of a four-delay model in healthcare in Matayos subcounty, Busia, Kenya
Authors: Nyongesa Paul O. , Yego Faith H. , Tonui Philip K. , Sorre Benard M. , Egessah Omar
Published: November 2024

Background: Over 80 of maternal mortalities and % complications can be prevented if women recognize danger signs during pregnancy and promptly seek healthcare. Despite the timely recognition of maternal danger signs during pregnancy, delays in seeking healthcare are still prevalent in many low-resource settings.Objective: To assess the place and reasons for delays in seeking healthcare and their effect on the use of institutional delivery care by pregnant mothers with danger signs in Matayos subcounty, Busia, Kenya.
Methods: A mixed-methods approach employing an ethnographic survey was adopted to assess delays among pregnant mothers seeking healthcare in Matayos subcounty. A total of 348 postpartum women were selected using systematic random sampling. Purposive sampling was employed to select postpartum women for 16 in-depth interviews and seven focus group discussions. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically and presented in vignettes. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented in tables using STATA version 13. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: The utilization rate of institutional delivery care was 68%. One in four, 25% (86) respondents experienced danger signs, of which more than half, 51.2% (44), reported delays. Travel to the hospital  (type 3 delay) was the most common delay reported by 65.3%, followed by delayed decision-making at home (type 2 delay), delayed recognition at home (type 1 delay), and delays in hospitals (type 4 delay) at 30.7% 1.7%, and 2.3% of all respondents, respectively. Delayed decision to initiate travel (30.7 %) and distance to healthcare (30.7%), cost of travel (18.2%), and mode of travel (13.2% ) were the reasons for % delays in seeking healthcare.
Conclusion: Delayed decision-making rather than recognition of danger signs was associated with delays in healthcare. A four delay model clearly distinguished between recognition and making the decision to initiate travel and should be adopted in low resource settings.
Anticancer and anti-metastatic effects of metformin in cervical cancer: A narrative review
Authors: Chandni Patel , Murerwa Rebecca , Amuti Thomas , Ouko Innocent
Published: November 2024

Background: Cervical cancer is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality despite concerted efforts towards its prevention. The high disease burden is attributed to the high prevalence of HIV, high treatment costs, and inaccessibility to treatment, particularly in developing countries. Multiple interventions, including metformin therapy, have been proposed for cervical cancer management. Metformin is a standard antidiabetic drug. In vitro studies have demonstrated mechanisms through which it can disrupt cervical cancer pathogenesis.Objective: To review the literature on metformin’s anticancer and anti-metastatic effects in cervical cancer.Methods: Literature searches were performed in the Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases using keywords 'metformin', 'cervical cancer', and 'direct drug delivery’.
Results: Forty-four studies were included in this review. Metformin acts directly or indirectly on the molecular pathways involved in cervical cancer pathogenesis. Direct inhibition targets protein synthesis and angiogenesis, whereas indirect effects occur through increased insulin levels and the resultant decrease in glucose levels leading to glucose deprivation in cancer cells. The anti-metastatic effects of metformin are dose-dependent; therefore, high concentrations are required to achieve maximum effect. Direct drug delivery of metformin to tumor cells is viable to increase the bioavailability and minimize the systemic effects of metformin.Conclusion: Metformin is affordable and readily available, with the potential to manage cervical cancer. High doses are needed to achieve anti-metastatic effects. Direct delivery of metformin may mitigate the adverse effects of the required high doses.
Discourse Study on the Linguistic Landscape of Ethnic Universities in the Southwest of China from the Perspective of Ethnic Unity
Authors: Dong Wei , Li Qing
Published: November 2024

本文结合话语分析理论和语言景观，探讨西南边疆民族高校校园语言景观中的民族团结话语构建与传播，揭示高校校园语言景观对学生民族团结意识的话语构建。通过实地调研，收集分析高校校园语言景观，展示其在传递民族团结理念、促进文化交流和维护社会稳定方面的功能。研究表明，校园语言景观作为文化传承和思想政治教育的重要载体，不仅发挥了促进民族团结的作用，也为高校的育人工作提供了新的话语路径和实践方向。
Collection of papers: Disaster, construction, and reconstruction: Essays on ethical and social perspectives
Authors: Kovačević Dušica
Published: November 2024

No.
The Role of Public Relations in Spreading the Culture of Competition and Combating Monopolistic Practices at the General Authority for Competition: A Survey Study
Authors: Alafasy Ibrahim
Published: November 2024

This research aims to study the role of the General Authority for Competition in promoting a culture of competition and combating monopolistic practices in the Saudi market, as well as the role of public relations in raising public awareness of these laws and practices. Data were collected through a questionnaire directed to 200 participants, where demographic data were analyzed and participants' opinions were identified about the means of communication used by the Authority, the awareness activities it carries out, the role of public relations, in addition to the topics covered in communication activities and proposals for developing public relations strategies. The results showed that most of the participants were males, with a variety of age groups, and most of them enjoyed a high level of education, and they worked in the public and private sectors. Regarding means of communication, it was found that the General Authority for Competition effectively uses traditional media and social media to spread awareness of competition and anti-monopoly laws. Digital advertising was also used as a main tool to promote a culture of competition. As for awareness activities, the data showed that the Authority organizes awareness events, participates in exhibitions and forums to highlight the risks of monopoly, and holds educational workshops for institutions and companies. The role of public relations in raising public awareness through social media and electronic means was highly appreciated by the participants, reflecting the importance of these channels in activating interaction with the public. Regarding proposals for developing strategies, participants suggested using modern technology such as artificial intelligence and improving electronic applications to increase public awareness of competition, in addition to enhancing cooperation with academic institutions and organizing virtual seminars. The study recommends the need to enhance the use of technology and improve public relations strategies to increase the effectiveness of awareness of competition laws, while expanding partnerships and developing innovative media content.
Raman spectroelectrochemical study of electrodeposited Prussian blue layer: dependence of spectral intensity on underlying electrode roughness
Authors: Mažeikienė Regina , Niaura Gediminas , Malinauskas Albertas
Published: November 2024

Prussian blue (PB) has been electrodeposited at a smooth and at an electrochemically roughened gold electrodes as a thin layer of a few tens of nmol/cm2 coverage (or a few tens of nanometers thick), and studied by Raman spectroelectrochemical technique using 785-nm laser excitation. It has been shown that the spectra obtained from a roughened electrode are by one order of magnitude more intense than those obtained from a smooth electrode. This shows that even at a relative thick layer of a modifier PB the surface enhancement of Raman spectra plays an important role in obtaining well-defined spectra from modified electrodes.
Kritische Psychologie und emanzipatorische Praxis
Authors: Petter Erik , Meretz Stefan
Published: November 2024

Eine Kritische Psychotherapie müsste den Zusammenhang von individuellem Befinden und kapitalistischer Realität theoretisch begreifen und in etablierte wie außerinstitutionelle Praktiken integrieren. Die Beiträge beleuchten das widersprüchliche Feld von verschiedenen Seiten. Die Entwicklung einer Kritischen Psychotherapie als Teil einer emanzipatorischen Bewegung bleibt eine Mammutaufgabe.
Exploring the Evolving Ecosystem of Higher Education Worldwide
Authors: Hafeez Shahid , Mayah Keyode
Published: November 2024

The landscape of higher education (HE) has undergone significant transformations in recent decades, shaped by global trends, economic pressures, technological advancements, and shifting societal expectations. This article explores the evolving ecosystem of higher education worldwide, examining the dynamics between public and private institutions, the impact of digital technologies, and the growing demands for innovation, accessibility, and equity in educational offerings. It explores the role of governments, market forces, and institutions in navigating these changes and investigates the implications of these transformations for students, educators, and society at large. Through an in-depth analysis of global trends, the article presents a comprehensive overview of the current state of higher education and identifies emerging challenges and opportunities that are shaping its future.
Keywords: Ecosystem, Higher Education (HE), Private Higher Education, Public Higher Education, Technology, Equity and Access, Lifelong Learning
Monitoreo de temperatura y humedad ambiental con lorawan: IoT en el desafío energético y el cambio climático
Authors: Sánchez Cuevas Jonam Leonel , Guerrero Castillo Medaly Marlene , Mona Peña Luis Javier , Sánchez Jácome Omar , Velasco Pacheco Ariana Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

El artículo de investigación propone un sistema que utilice el Internet de las cosas (IoT) para monitorear la temperatura y la humedad. El objetivo es recopilar datos precisos y en tiempo real sobre estas variables ambientales. La transmisión y la visualización de datos son posibles gracias a los múltiples componentes interconectados del sistema.
En primer lugar, se utiliza un sensor de temperatura y humedad para recopilar datos ambientales. El sensor transmite los datos vía inalámbrica a un Gateway LoRaWAN, que sirve como punto de acceso a la red de comunicación. El Gateway utiliza un protocolo de red de baja potencia y de largo alcance (LoRaWAN) para recibir datos de larga distancia y de una manera eficiente.
El Gateway envía los datos de temperatura y humedad mediante la red al servidor The Things Network (TTN), una plataforma de IoT que permite la gestión de datos y de dispositivos. Y dentro de TTN, el protocolo de mensajería MQTT envía datos a Node-RED, una herramienta de programación visual basada en flujos. Node-RED procesa y envía los datos en una base de datos InfluxDB.
InfluxDB es una base de datos de series temporales para almacenar variables como en este caso la temperatura y humedad. Finalmente, Grafana, una plataforma de análisis y visualización de datos, se utiliza para mostrar los datos almacenados en InfluxDB. Node-RED, InfluxDB y Grafana se montan a un servidor local, en este caso una Raspberry Pi que actúa como un servidor.
Los resultados muestran la importancia de la visualización de datos. La temperatura y la humedad se monitorean continuamente y en tiempo real, lo que permite realizar un análisis detallado de las condiciones climáticas. Esto es relevante para la gestión de la energía y el cambio climático porque proporciona información útil para la toma de decisiones.
Analisis Unsur Intrinsik Puisi “Aku Ingin” Karya Sapardi Djoko Damono
Authors: Namang Katharina Woli , Tiara Oktaviani
Published: November 2024

Literary works and poetry have distinctive characteristics in form, language style, and depth of meaning. Literary works include various forms such AS prose, drama, and poetry. The goal is often to describe the conditions of life, social values, character Psychology, and Inspire readers emotions and thoughts. Literary works provide reflection on the human experience and presenting deep interpretation of the surrounding world. This Research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The aim of this study was to analyze intrinsik Elements of Sapardi Djoko Domono's poetry, which then thoroughly describe these 7 Elements, from this study result there are several intrinsic Elements including, 1) Analyze the theme of poetry, 2). Diction, 3). Tone, 4). Imageryi, 5). Language style, 6). Typography). The results of an analyze of intrinsic Elements of poetry that researchers have carried out is a meaning container in the poetry "I want" That describes that by loving someone, we only need to give him happiness and comfort, because with serious simplicity that will have an impact on both love and love.
Predicción de estrategias de eliminación génica con programación lineal optknock de python en Iyali4 de Yarrowia Lipolytica para producir licopeno
Authors: Quinga Socasi Milton Giovanni , Flores García Ana Elena , Lema Amaquiña Daniela Isabel , Moscoso Vallejo Lorena Valeria , Pazmiño Naranjo Marcela Gabriela
Published: November 2024

En esta investigación, se utilizó el algoritmo de programación lineal (OptKnock) en Python en el modelo GEM iYali4 de Yarrowia lipolytica, para predecir estrategias de eliminación de genes y optimizar la producción de licopeno. Como la levadura no produce naturalmente el licopeno, se utilizó adicionalmente rutas heterólogas. Para el análisis de ingeniería metabólica, se emplearon los paquetes Cameo y COBRApy, y el modelo basado en restricciones metabólicas: FBA para la optimización. Se generaron visualizaciones gráficas de los planos de fase de fenotipo (production envelopes), cuyo fin es representar las diferentes etapas de crecimiento óptimo al utilizar de manera distinta dos sustratos: oxígeno y nitrógeno; analizando la optimización de la eliminación del gen PGM2 (fosfoglucomutasa) que resultó de la predicción de knockouts usando OptKnock. Los resultados del FBA mostraron una tasa de producción de licopeno de 0.0567 (mmol/gdcw/h) al eliminar el gen PGM2, lo que indicó que la predicción y el posterior ensayo de eliminación de genes resulta adecuado para simular y aumentar la producción de licopeno usando el modelo iYali4 de esta levadura; aunque, por otra parte se comprometió la producción de biomasa, disminuyendo el crecimiento del microorganismo a una tasa de crecimiento cercana al cero.
Análisis comparativo del aprovechamiento del carrizo y lirio acuático en la fitorremediación sobre aguas grises
Authors: Marce Gamboa Nicolle , Caqui Gamboa Macarena
Published: November 2024

El estudio comparó la eficiencia del carrizo (Phragmites australis) y el lirio acuático (Eichhornia crassipes) en la fitorremediación de aguas grises domésticas. El objetivo fue evaluar su capacidad para remover parámetros fisicoquímicos como el pH, conductividad eléctrica (CE) y sólidos suspendidos totales (SST). Asimismo, se aplicó un estudio de esquema experimental junto a dos tratamientos y tres iteraciones en humedales artificiales, midiendo las variables antes y después de 15 días. Los resultados indicaron que el carrizo fue más eficiente en la remoción de SST (38%) en comparación con el lirio acuático (24%), mientras que este último mostró mayor eficiencia en la reducción de CE (17% frente a 11% del carrizo). Ambas plantas disminuyeron ligeramente el pH del agua, pero sin diferencias significativas entre ellas. En conclusión, el carrizo es más eficaz para eliminar sólidos suspendidos, mientras que el segundo es más apropiado para reducir la CE. Del mismo modo, estos hallazgos sugieren que la elección de la planta para la fitorremediación debe depender del contaminante que se quiera reducir.
Poésie et beauté du monde chez Héraclite
Authors: DIALLO Dr Mounirou
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The aim of this analysis is to show the gap between the notional
and philosophical content of the Heraclitean cosmos and the pseudo-worlds
created by Greek poets working with images and language. If the true world,
for Heraclitus, is the world we share, then we would say that there is a truth
of the world that “always lives” in the present and is constantly renewed.
Better still, it is this truth of the “living world” that also expresses the struggle
of opposites, in which the positive and the negative are perpetually pitted
against each other in a never-ending unity.
La crise socio-politique au Burkina Faso en 2014-2015 : manifestations, ressorts nationaux et internationaux de prévention et de gestion
Authors: OUÉDRAOGO Serge Noël , OUÉDRAOGO Cyr Robert
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Some multiform crises marked out the history of Burkina Faso
(former Haute Volta). The mobilisation of key personalities, national and
international institutions was necessary to their management. So, crucial
crises ended up with the reconciliation of the different opponents.
Two main crises in the history of Burkina Faso are the popular uprising of
January 3rd 1966 which ended the power of the President Maurice Yameogo,
and that of October 30-31st 2014. It pushed down the President Blaise
Compaore. These political jolts had on the one hand, distant causes, and on
the other hand immediate causes.
National and international mediations permitted the government of transition
to bring peace in to the oppositions and reconciliate the protagonists, then
creating the bases of a democratic renewal.
Mots-clés : prévention, gestion, médiation, crise socio-politique, Burkina Faso,
communauté internationale.
Keywords: prevention, management, mediation, socio-political crisis, Burkina Faso,
international community
El Hadji Omar Foutiyou Tall : L’humaniste audelà Le Jihâd
Authors: CISSÉ Mouhamadou Alpha
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Islam has honored man and restored to him the rights he has long been
entitled to. Having considered human society as one and the same family, and
life as a human entity, El Hadji Omar has always fought for the preservation of
human rights and human dignity as a guarantee of a peaceful and integral society.
However, for having always been in delicacy with the native and his string of
disciplinary and arbitrary sanctions as well that the traditional pagan powers,
with the aim of restoring the dignity of a disjointed society, terrorized by the rest,
and whose hope for a better life had gradually stolen. El Hadji Omar is often
described as a fighting man whose life boiled down to jihadist tribulations. Such
a description could, no doubt, misrepresent anthropocentric humanism, which is
admirably reflected in his work, especially Tadhkira al-Ghâfilîn. It should come
as no surprise that El Hadji Omar is an accommodating humanist and a zealous
jihadist, in the sense that his military action was inspired, not by worldly glory,
but by the liberation of his people from the remnants of polytheistic cult and
colonial hold that have long undermined the society of the time.
Mots-clés : El Hadji Omar, jihâdiste, Banû Âdam, aṣ-ṣabr, ka῾ba, jihâd an-nafs.
Keywords: El Hadji Omar, jihâdiste, Banû Âdam, aṣ-ṣabr, ka῾ba, jihâd an-nafs.
Presence of the genus Pelopina Huber, 2010 (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Thraciidae) in the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Oliver P. Graham , Jayachandran P.R.
Published: November 2024

Shells of a lithophilous, nestling, distorted Thraciidae collected in the Arabian Gulf are described and compared with similar known species from the Indo-Pacific. The structure of the chondrophore and lithodesma give affinity with Pelopina brevifrons (H. Adams, 1868) and Thracia rudis Reeve, 1959 but unlike that of Thracia cuneolus Reeve, 1859. The latter two species are known only from their unique holotypes and are redescribed here. Insufficient specimens preclude the precise identification of the Arabian Gulf shells, except that they can be allocated to the genus Pelopina M. Huber, 2010. Pelopina and Ixartia Leach, 1852 are compared and are kept as distinct genera within the Thraciidae.
Resistance in Kretinga, Telšiai and Mažeikiai Counties during the First Soviet Occupation Period (1940–1941)
Authors: Rukšėnas Alfredas
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the resistance in Kretinga, Telšiai and Mažeikiai counties during the period of the first Soviet occupation (1940–1941). The two periods of resistant underground activity and development are distinguished. The first covered the period from the beginning of the Soviet occupation on June 15, 1940 to setting up the Lithuanian Activist Front (LAF) in Berlin on November 17, 1940; the second from the formation of Berlin LAF to the beginning of the war between the USSR and Germany on June 22, 1941. The specific feature of the first period is that the events in the summer of 1940 in Lithuania were a stimulus for creation of the first underground organizations. The article reveals the role of the members of the Lithuanian Riflemen’ Union to be abolished while creating the underground, partly evaluating its formation as an attempt of the riflemen to maintain its organizational structures as viable. It is specified that during that period the relations between underground organizations, operating in separate localities, were developed quite weakly, no close cooperation and centres for uniting the underground activity existed. The second period is specified by the fact that after contacts by the Berlin LAF were established with the Lithuanian underground, the relations between the underground organizations in separate localities became strengthened, their close cooperation went on, new underground organizations were created in separate areas; and new members were recruited. The reason was the activity of Berlin, Kaunas and Kretinga organizations in coordinating the Lithuanian underground activity. The coordinating activity of Kretinga underground participants Osvaldas Žadvydas, Jonas Ramanauskas, Petras Bortkevičius and its limits are revealed. Their activity was specific, they had to maintain contacts between Berlin LAF and Lithuanian underground.
Destruction of the Kražiai Rural District Jewish Community in 1941: Some Facts, Problems, Answers, Pending Questions
Authors: Buchaveckas Stanislovas
Published: November 2024

The article is aimed at revealing events in the summer of 1941 in the Kražiai Rural District of the Raseiniai County, related to the holocaust, the specificities of those crimes in that local territory of Lithuania‘s province, showing, even if a minor basis of the sources is available, the role of Nazis, method and “technologies”, applied for attracting Lithuanians into the measures and actions for denaturalization of Jews as Lithuanian citizens and their isolation, as well as recreating, where possible, the last criminal act – a massacre which had the specific features in each rural district.
The Jewish ghetto in Kražiai where later also Jews from Karklėnai village with a church were placed was established in the former court barn near the township. At first, it was guarded by German soldiers, later by Lithuanians. For killing Jews (about 350 victims) the Nazis used the militarized squad of volunteers (part its members) from the rural district formed after the anti-Soviet Uprising in June 1941. At the end of July or beginning of August 1941 the first execution of Jews took place in the Kuprė forest , into which the adults were brought as if for work. Almost all Lithuanian guards did not know that Jews would be killed. The German police and two SD officers who finished off the wounded with the sub-machine gun series tried to achieve that each Lithuanian who was at the place of execution would shoot at least one Jew. Those who refused to shoot were threatened to be killed together with Jews, but instead some of them were just beaten. The massacre of the Jewish community of the Kražiai rural district illustrates the plan of Walter Stahlecker, Commander of the Operational Group A, for Germans to remain behind the scenes (in the second plan) and to create an image as if “the inhabitants liberated by Vermacht began themselves to apply the strictest measures against the Bolshevist and Jewish enemies”. At the end of August near Medžiokalnis (not far from the ghetto) another 70 Jews (mostly children) were shot, they were killed by the Lithuanian auxiliary police staff. About 20 Jews from the Kražiai rural district saved themselves; most were hidden by the local population.
With the “critical mass” of local investigation about the death of the Jewish communities of townships and villages formed, it would be possible to supplement the historiography on the issues of the massacre of Jews in the province, to update some historiography approaches of Lithuanian and foreign historians about the holocaust in Lithuania, which was turned into the firing ground of the Jewish mass massacre by the German Nazis in 1941.
Ideological Censorship in Lithuania in 1948–1955: Adjustment of the System
Authors: Streikus Arūnas
Published: November 2024

Research conducted confirms that the crucial stage in the Sovietization of Lithuanian cultural life started at the end of fifth decade of the 20th century. The changed key points of public rhetoric, application of repressive measures, stricter control of book publishing and periodical press, more active actions of Glavlit (Chief Agency for Protection of Military and State Secrets) in cleaning the book funds showed the efforts of the authorities to implement as soon as possible a model of universal ideological control, characteristic of later Stalinism. The attack, gaining momentum against the Lithuanian cultural workers who were not able to adapt to the requirements of the new system, was instigated by the ideological campaigns arising one after another from Moscow.
The Soviet mechanism of ideological censorship was finally formed at the beginning of the sixth decade when Glavlit was delegated with a task to take care of political control over art works, theatre and music repertoire. Due to the lack of the qualified staff, LSSR Glavlit failed not only to perform the new functions efficiently, but also to ensure the smooth censorship of the printed word. The lower link of ideological censorship, consisting of the leadership of the creative unions, the Board of Art Affairs and the editorial offices of publishing houses and periodical publications, operated still more unreliably, therefore in tackling political control tasks of public discourse, an important role belonged to the LCP CC. The active participation of the party machinery was also related with the fight that took place at the beginning of the sixth decade of the 20th century at the top of the local power between the representatives of the pro-Communist intellectuals of the senior generation, to whom the illusions of national Communism were not alien, and the apologists of Stalinist cultural policy. In the last years of J. Stalin’s rule the positions of the latter group strengthened, therefore the first impulses of cultural life liberalization reached Lithuania only in 1956.
Lithuania’s Liberation Movement in the West in the Seventh Decade of the 20th Century: A New Generation Came Forth
Authors: Banionis Juozas
Published: November 2024

This article analyses the intensification of Lithuanian liberation activities in the West in the 1960s. It analyses its causes, what international events were connected with it, how it was reflected in the activities of Lithuanian diaspora organisations, and the relations between diaspora organisations.
Juozas Keliuotis in the Target of KGB in 1956–1978
Authors: Okuličiūtė Lina
Published: November 2024

The life of Juozas Keliuotis, one of the most conspicuous cultural workers of Lithuania, in Soviet times shows the specificity of the psychological pressure on intellectuals. The KGB unit in Lithuania involved many personalities in its manipulatory games. J. Keliuotis was of no exception. Persecuted and morally broken he wrote the memoirs revealing sufferings in the camp and violations of human rights. In 1962–1975, KGB spared no efforts seeking to find and obtain the memoirs of the intellectual in question. Even though the security failed to fetch the manuscripts of the intellectual, it succeeded in hindering for a long time their passing over to the West.
Dealing with the independent Lithuanian authoritative persons was planned by experienced and influential KGB operational workers. In 1956–1978, J. Keliuotis was shadowed by quite a number of agents. It was people from the environment of the intellectual that were mostly hired. Most frequently he had to communicate with the agents of influence. For J. Keliuotis’ control not only agents were used, but also different ways for his efficient shadowing. KGB, with interruptions, applied various so-called operational technical measures: listened to his conversations, carried out secret searches in his apartment, made photos, and controlled J. Keliuotis’ correspondence. Due to constant and active spying by KGB, J. Keliuotis lost trust in his close people.
KGB aimed at neutralizing the cultural influence of intellectuals. It was useful to discredit the authoritative persons by instigating them to be in conflict with émigré in terms of cultural relations. In 1971, J. Keliuotis spoke forcibly in the press, not only condemning the activity of emigrants, but also demonstrating economic and cultural “achievements” of Soviet Lithuania. The article of the intellectual was re-edited by operational employees in the direction useful for the Soviet system. The forced trampling on his world outlook meant the fictitious demonstration of loyalty to the Soviet regime. Moreover, such repentance in the press showed that a certain person was gripped by KGB. Public statements of intellectuals were used for Soviet propaganda, and the persons themselves who lost their authority were pushed aside. The individuality of J. Keliuotis in fighting with émigré was necessary for KGB as the tool of manipulation aimed at denying the historic truth. Nevertheless, in the eyes of the public of Soviet Lithuania J. Keliuotis remained as the enlightened person from the times of independence and the advocate of Western modern art.

Keliuotis was persecuted until his death 1983 The LSSR Supreme Court rehabilitated the intellectual on December 16, 1998. Only with the change in the political situation, persecution of persons of anti-Soviet disposition and not loyal to the Soviet system was stopped.
Hakikat Manusia dan Keterkaitannya dengan Pendidikan Serta Konsep Pendidikan Sepanjang Hayat Life Long Education
Authors: Maulidia Aulia Putri  , Bakhrudin All Habsy  , Nisful Lailiyatun Nadiroh  , Aisya Briliana Putri Kartika
Published: November 2024

Pendidikan merupakan salah satu aspek dasar dalam kehidupan manusia yang berperan dalam pengembangan potensi diri secara menyeluruh. Hakikat manusia sebagai makhluk yang berakal budi, memiliki kebutuhan untuk terus belajar dan berkembang sepanjang hidupnya. Pendidikan tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam sendi kehidupan manusia. Melalui pendidikan, seseorang akan menjadi manusia seutuhnya. Manusia diciptakan oleh Tuhan dengan berbekal akal dan pikiran, maka manusia membutuhkan pendidikan untuk mengembangkan kehidupannya demi memuaskan rasa keingintahuan. Peran Pendidikan seumur hidup, yang disebut dengan long life education adalah pendidikan yang menekankan bahwa proses pendidikan berlangsung terus menerus sejak seseorang dilahirkan hingga meningal dunia, baik dilaksanakan melalui pendidikan formal, non formal maupun informal. Pendidikan sepanjang hayat hadir disebabkan oleh munculnya kebutuhan pendidikan dan belajar yang terus tumbuh dan  berkembang mengikuti kehidupan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur (library reseacrh) atau kepustakaan yakni teknik pengumpulan data yang fokus utamanya menggunakan buku buku atau literatur-literatur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami hakikat manusia yang terus berubah dan menghubungkannya dengan gagasan bahwa pendidikan berlangsung sepanjang hayat, yang dapat membantu mengembangkan potensi manusia secara berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan (1)Memahami hakikat manusia. (2)Keterkaitan Manusia dengan Pendidikan. (3)Makna Pendidikan Sepanjang Hayat. (4)Asas Pendidikan Sepanjang Hayat. Dan (5)Integritas Pendidikan Sepanjang Hayat.
La metodología de la historia de Cuba en la escuela primaria multigrado
Authors: Nápoles Cruz Ada Iris , Nápoles Cruz Pedro Pablo , Reyez González José Ignacio
Published: November 2024

This article contains ideas that you/they meditate on the paper that you/they carry out the means, the methods and the organization forms in the process of teaching learning of the History of Cuba in the primary school. These constitute a road to contribute to the knowledge of the history, to the development of the national identity, to strengthen the historical memory and to impact in the formation of a historical conscience, what rebounds in the general and integral cultural development of the scholars for the lessons that it contributes the historical learning for the life. Of there the necessity of the correct organization and address of the process of teaching learning of this subject, in function of the change waited in this educational context.
Evaluaciones educativas estandarizadas: desde los objetivos a los resultados
Authors: Rodríguez Morales Pilar , Soca Juan , Castillo Mauricio , Luzardo Mario
Published: November 2024

The paper analyzes the process of creation and analysis of standardized educational assessment (SEA) as essential tools to measure achievements in educational systems. These assessments are essential to generate reliable information that supports educational decision-making and public policies. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of SEA. The methodology involves a theoretical literature review, utilizing resources from the Science Direct and ERIC databases. Inclusion criteria were applied to identify relevant research focused on global and regional educational contexts, while temporal exclusion criteria ensured the relevance of selected studies. The article explores various aspects of SEA, including the test development process, item generation, analytical paradigms, advancements in measurement methodologies, result interpretation frameworks, and future challenges. It is exemplified with cases close to the reader. SEA are essential tools for evaluating education quality. Enhancing their scope, accuracy, and dissemination is crucial for maximizing their impact on evidence-based decision-making.
Автоматизовані системи управління
Authors: Дьомін Дмитро , Пензєв Павло
Published: November 2024

Навчальний посібник призначений для студентів  першого та другого рівня вищої освіти за спеціальностями 131 «Прикладна механіка», 136 «Металургія» денної та заочної форм навчання при вивченні дисциплін «Засоби автоматизації в ливарному виробництві», «Основи автоматичного управління», «Автоматизація металургійного виробництва», «Автоматизація ливарного виробництва», а також в рамках курсового та дипломного проєктування.
Особливістю даного посібника є мінімум теоретичних даних та акцент на практичну інформацію, що потрібна для інженерів-технологів ливарного та металургійного виробництва. Відповідно до вимог таких виробництв, знання студентів мають стосуватися перш за все не розробки, побудови та створення автоматизованих систем управління на виробництві, а глибокого розуміння суті технологічних процесів, вхідних та вихідних параметрів цих процесів. Такі знання мають бути в нагоді при управління процесами ливарного та металургійного виробництва задля забезпечення перш за все вимог якості готової продукції, продуктивності та мінімізації ресурсо- та енерговитрат виробництва.
Social and administrative pharmacy in the Philippines: A descriptive study of pharmacy education and its implication on Universal Health Care implementation
Authors: M. Gutierrez Margarita , M. Loquias Monet , J. Tayko Erica Nicole , L. Carpio Joseph Benedict , A. Chua Karen Mae , O. Senson Christia Marie , A. Vitacion Jose Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

Background: With the implementation of Universal Health Care (UHC) Law in the Philippines and the limited resources in healthcare, Social and Administrative Pharmacy (SAP) courses must be taught in the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum. Objectives: To identify the type, frequency, and extent of SAP education in schools and colleges of pharmacy and determine the perception of faculty members towards SAP competencies and UHC implementation. Methods: A descriptive study design was employed to collect data from 13 schools and colleges of pharmacy in the Philippines through documentary review, survey, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were cleaned using Microsoft® Excel® 2019 MSO and Stata/BE 17.0 for Windows, then summarized using descriptive statistics. Results: Gaps were identified on practiced and demonstrated aspects of SAP competencies. The faculty participants generally agreed that the current curriculum is adequate and equips students for UHC implementation. Conclusions: This study shows that SAP core competencies have been integrated to existing pharmacy curricula. However, these are introduced as concepts and lack opportunities for practice and demonstration.
Caesarean Section at a Selected Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka: Indications and Feto-Maternal Consequences
Authors: Kabir Mehnaz , Muhammed Kabir Muhib , Faniqul Islam MM , Haque Ramisa , Begum Raihana
Published: November 2024

Background: Cesarean section (CS) delivery has substantially increased globally over the past few decades. Unnecessary C-sections can cause infections, excessive bleeding and various health complications for mothers and babies. In Bangladesh, more than 860,000 C-sections per year are medically unnecessary.
Objectives: To determine the indications along with fetal and maternal consequences of CS deliveries.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in paying wards in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of a selected tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh. A sum of 306 patients were recruited to be a part of this study. Medical documents were used as sources of data and face-to-face interviews were conducted. Descriptive analysis was performed.
Results: Mean age was 26.35 ± 5.08 years; 58.5% were multiparous; mean duration of current pregnancy was 35.89 ± 4.23 weeks; 85% deliveries were performed by CS; indications revealed 26.3% cases for less fetal movement and 12.9% for history of previous caesarean section; 91.5% babies were live births; mean birth weight was 2.82 ± 0.53 kg, APGAR scoring at 5th minute was good for 95% fetuses; maternal condition during discharge was stable in 93.1% cases and mean length of hospital stay was 4.30 ± 1.83 days.
Conclusion: It can be suggested that the health authorities should formulate specialized programs and spread awareness about the ill effects of caesarean deliveries. The authorities should provide awareness to pregnant women on every comprehensive checkup about the pros and cons of C-section delivery and how to maintain good physical health throughout their pregnancy period.