bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COX and LOX inhibitory potential of Abroma augusta and Desmodium gangeticum
Authors: Bisht Rekha , Bhattacharya S. , Jaliwala Yusuf Ali
Published: March 2022

The present study was aimed to evaluate the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory activity of Abroma augusta (AA) and Desmodium gangeticum (DG). Initially In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract (AqE) of aerial parts of DG (100 mg/ml) and petroleum ether extract (PEE) of roots of AA (250 mg/ml) was assessed in carrageenan induced paw oedema model in albino wistar rats. In addition, each plant extract was evaluated for COX1, COX-2 and LOX inhibitory activity to determine the possible mechanism of their antiinflammatory activity. The results of the study demonstrated that each plant extract significantly (p<0.0001) reduces the paw volume compared with standard drug Ibuprofen (100 mg/kg b.w.). The percentage inhibitory activity of AqE of DG against COX-2 (IC50=39. 5 µg/ml) were generally higher to that of COX-1 (IC50=49. 5 µg/ml), however, at the same concentrations PEE of AA demonstrated inhibitory activity against COX-1 (IC50=36. 5 µg/ml) to a greater extent than COX-2 (IC50=59 µg/ml). Moderate inhibition of LOX activity was demonstrated by DG (IC50=57.0 µg/ml). AA exhibited weak inhibitory action on LOX activity at the same concentrations (IC50=75.5 µg/ml). The results of the study concluded that anti-inflammatory activity of plant extracts could be due to inhibition of COX and LOX enzymes and thus supports the traditional use of the above mentioned plants in inflammatory disorders.
A prospective study of prathisaraneeya apamarga kshara in comparison with prathisaraneeya palasha kshara in patients with charmakeela (warts) and kadara (corns)
Authors: Vijayshankar B.V , Sharma Muralidhara , Chandrashekar Rs , Manohar V.R
Published: March 2022

Background: Charmakeela and Kadara are the diseases which have signs and symptoms similar to Warts and Corns respectively. Objectives: Kshara karma is mentioned under kshudra roga adhikaras by Acharya Sushruta under the context of Kshara karma adhyaya for the treatment of Charmakeela and Kadara. Methods: In our study, clinically diagnosed 30 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups. Out of 30 patients, 15 patients were assigned to Group 1 for prathisaraneeya kshara karma with Apamarga kshara and another 15 patients were assigned to Group 2 for prathisaraneeya kshara karma with Palasha kshara considering its effect on two subjective symptoms (pain & burning sensation) and two objective signs (regression of lesion & discharge) on day one with a follow up treatment on 3rd, 5th and 7th day. Results: Our study had 18 cases of warts and 12 cases of corns respectively. Group 1 had nine patients of warts and six patients of corns respectively. The result of our study reveals that, six patients of warts and four patients of corns had a reduction in pain, burning sensation, discharge and complete regression of lesion. Two patients of warts and one patient of corns had scarring after seven days and one patient each from warts and corn had recurrence in Group 1 after eight weeks, whereas four patients of warts and four patients of corns had complete regression of lesion, three patients of warts and one patient of corn had scarring which was noticed after seven days of the treatment and two patients of warts and one patient of corn had recurrence after four weeks in Group 2. Conclusion: Even though scarring was seen in a few patients, the size of the scar was lesser than the lesion existed before in Group 1 (Pratisaraneeya Apamarga kshara) compared to Group 2 (Pratisaraneeya Palasha kshara). The scar was acceptable by the patients in comparison with the original lesion. Pratisaraneeya Apamarga kshara showed greater improvement in corns and warts when compared to pratisaraneeya Palasha kshara.
Further studies on the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the aerial parts of Hilleria latifolia (Lam.) H. Walt.
Authors: Abotsi Wonder Kofi Mensah , Boakye-Gyasi Eric , Tandoh Augustine , Lamptey Benjamin Stanley , Woode Eric
Published: March 2022

The aerial parts of Hilleria latifolia are used in Ghanaian traditional medicine for the treatment of pain and inflammatory disorders. In the current study, the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the hydro-ethanol (HAE), ethyl acetate (EAE) and petroleum ether (PEE) extracts of the aerial parts of the plant were investigated in animal models. The analgesic effects were assessed in the acetic acidinduced writhing and formalin tests while the anti-inflammatory activities were tested in the carrageenan-induced oedema model in chicks. HAE (10-100 mg kg-1, p.o.), EAE (10-100 mg kg-1, p.o.), PEE (10-100 mg kg-1, p.o.), together with morphine (1-10 mg kg-1, p.o.) and diclofenac (10-100 mg kg-1, p.o.) (positive controls), showed significant anti-nociceptive activity in all the models used. The anti-nociceptive effect exhibited by HAE (30 mg kg-1, p.o.) and PEE (100 mg kg-1, p.o.) were significantly inhibited in the formalin test by the systemic administration of theophylline (10 mg kg-1, i.p). HAE (10-100 mg kg-1, p.o.), given pre-emptively or curatively, significantly inhibited carrageenaninduced foot oedema in 7-day old chicks. PEE (10-100 mg kg-1, p.o.) also significantly attenuated oedema in chicks on curative treatment. In conclusion, the results indicate that HAE, EAE and PEE produce dose-related analgesic effects in mice. The mechanism of action of HAE and PEE involve an interaction with the adenosinergic system. Also, HAE and PEE have significant anti-inflammatory properties after oral administration in animals.
Gastric acid anti-secretory effects of aqueous leaf extract of Nauclea latifolia (Rubiaceae) in rats
Authors: Balogun Morufu E. , Nwachukwu Daniel , Onwe Peter E. , Folawiyo Moshood A.
Published: March 2022

The aqueous leaf extract of Nauclea latifolia has been shown to have anti-ulcer effect. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of aqueous leaf extract of N. latifolia on gastric acid secretion as the possible mechanism of its anti-ulcer actions in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: A total of sixty (60) male albino rats were divided into two experimental studies of thirty (30) rats each. Each of the experimental studies was further divided into groups according to study design. The extract was administered orally at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for the experimental groups while the control and reference groups received distilled water (2 ml/kg, p.o) and cimetidine (32 mg/kg, p.o) respectively, 60 minutes prior to oral administration of indomethacin (30 mg/kg) to induce gastric mucosal injury. In the second study, gastric acid output was measured by the continuous perfusion of rat’s stomach under anesthesia with normal saline at the rate of 1 ml/min. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. Acute toxicity studies showed there were no deaths within 24 h after the application of the extract up to 1600 mg/kg B.W (i.p). Rats pre-treated with N. latifolia exhibited significant (P<0.05), and dose-dependent inhibition of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration. A significant decrease in gastric acid secretion was produced by the extract at all doses studied. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that, aqueous extract of N. latifolia significantly reduced gastric acid secretion in indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration by inhibiting histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion probably by occupying H2 - receptors in rats.
Antioxidant and in vitro cytotoxic activity of extracts of aerial parts of Cocculus hirsutus (L) using cell line cultures (breast cell line)
Authors: Thakkar Khushbu N. , Prasad A K , Nayak Jyotiranjan , Iyer Satish V. , Kumar Shankul
Published: March 2022

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity of methanolic and aqueous extract of aerial parts of Cocculus hirsutus on MCF-7 breast cell lines. Qualitative phytochemical screening tests were performed to detect phytochemicals in the extracts. Antioxidant activity of the plant extracts were characterized by using DPPH free radical scavenging method. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts of Cocculus hirsutus on MCF-7 cells was investigated in vitro through MTT assay. The results showed Antioxidant activity using DPPH were found to be increased in a concentration dependent manner and decreased cell viability and cell growth inhibition in a dose dependent manner. The findings from this study indicated that methanolic and aqueous extracts of Cocculus hirsutus leaf possessed vast potential as a medicinal drug especially in breast cancer treatment.
Effects of hyrdroethanolic leaf extract of Pseudospondias microcarpa (A. Rich.) Engl. (Anacardiaceae) on the central nervous system in mice
Authors: Adongo Donatus Wewura , Mante Priscilla Kolibea , Woode Eric , Ameyaw Elvis Ofori , Kukuia Kennedy Kwami Edem
Published: March 2022

Pseudospondias microcarpa (Anacardiaceae), the African grape tree, is used for various CNS disorders. The neuropharmacological activities of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Pseudospondias microcarpa (PME) were screened in mice. In this study, the central nervous system (CNS) activity was tested in various animal models including Irwin test, pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time, spontaneous motor activity, rotarod test, pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions and tail immersion test. The extract produced sedation and analgesia in the Irwin test with an LD50 above 3000 mg kg-1 . PME potentiated pentobarbitone sleeping time and induced hepatic enzymes. It however, showed no effect on locomotor activity or motor coordination. Furthermore, the extract blocked convulsions induced by PTZ and showed analgesic activity in the tail withdrawal test. The present investigation suggests that PME may act as a sedative with analgesic and anticonvulsant activity, and thus supporting its use as a sedative and for the relief of various nervous system disorders.
Protective effect of Ficus infectoria plant extract against fructose induced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in rats
Authors: Gupta Ashok Kumar , Verma Mansi , Lodhi Gajraj Singh
Published: March 2022

The main aim of this study is to explore the antihyperlipidemic and hypoglycemic potential of the methanolic extract of Ficus infectoria in Wistar rats. Hyperlipidemia and hypoglycemia in rats were induced by fructose solution (10% w/v, p.o., ad libitum) for 3rd and 8th weeks respectively. These activities were measured by estimating the triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, HDL and serum glucose levels. F. infectoria at 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg showed significant effect. Fructose feeding increased serum biochemical parameters like triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and serum glucose levels while decreases the HDL level. In fructose fed rats, F. infectoria at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly prevented the increase in serum biochemical parameters while decrease in HDL level. The present study indicates that methanolic extract of F. infectoria has Antihyperlipidemic and hypoglycemic. In future it may be useful in the management of insulin resistant.
Comparative pharmacognosy of two medhya dravyas, Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri Linn.) and Mandukaparni (Centella asiatica Linn.)
Authors: Aparna V , V Mallya Suma , P Srikanth , KN Sunil Kumar
Published: March 2022

Background: Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) and Mandukaparni (Centella asiatica) are the two important distinct Medhya (Nootropic) drugs mentioned in Indian systems of medicine. Lack of morphological description and attribution of similar properties led towards confusion in identity of these two sources. Pharmacopoeias suggest macro-microscopic characterization and chemical profiling of botanical material forms a pilot step in drug standardization. Hence the detailed macro-microscopic records, along with phytochemical documentation of these two plants were planned in the present investigation. Methodology: Matured, authenticated plants were collected from its natural habitat. Macro-microscopic and preliminary phytochemical studies were carried out. Results: Transverse section of Bacopa monnieri passing through midrib is isobilateral in histology whereas that of Centella asiatica is dorsiventral. Striated cuticle and few layered spongy parenchyma are the features of Centella asiatica. Plenty of air cavities with stomatal opening are specific to Bacopa monnieri. Phytochemical analysis of these two drugs has revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and tannins. In addition to this Centella asiatica has shown the presence of flavanoids. Conclusion: The macro-microscopic and phytochemical tests can be used to differentiate the botanical source of Brahmi/Mandukaparni.
Anxiolytic activity of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Tribulus terrestris in mice
Authors: Kafeel Huda , Rukh Ramsha
Published: March 2022

Herbs have always been a preferred choice of treatment for people of the subcontinent and the Indo-Pak subcontinent has a long tradition of the use of herbs as medicines. In the given study ethanolic extract of Tribulus terrestris (EETT) has been screened for its anxiolytic potential in experimental mice using LDB, EPM and Head Dip models of anxiety. It showed an increase in the number of entries and time spent in the light compartment in LDM model. Further time spent in Open Arm has also been significantly increased with p<0.05 in comparison with a control group in EPM apparatus. Increase number of head dips are also suggestive of the possible anxiolytic potential of EETT.
Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of Macrotyloma uniflorum seed in antitubercular drug induced liver injury in rats
Authors: Panda Vandana Sanjeev , Kharat Pravin Shivaji , Sudhamani S
Published: March 2022

Horse gram [Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam. (Verdc.)] is a lesser known bean consumed as a whole seed or sprout in India. Its seeds are rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids. The protective effect of a hydroalcoholic extract of the seed of Macrotyloma uniflorum (MUSE) in anti-tubercular drug (ATD) induced liver injury and the probable mechanism involved in this protection was investigated in rats. The phenolic acids viz., ferulic and p-coumaric acid were isolated and quantified from MUSE. MUSE (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) and the reference drug Liv.52 (500 mg/kg) was administered orally for 30 days to ATD (isoniazid 7.5 mg/kg, rifampicin 10 mg/kg and pyrazinamide 35 mg/kg) treated rats. Levels of marker enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP and γ-GT), albumin, total proteins and bilirubin were estimated in serum. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase), reduced glutathione levels and the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde were determined in liver. MUSE elicited significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity by attenuating the ATD–elevated levels of the marker enzymes, bilirubin and malondialdehyde and restored the ATD–depleted levels of albumin, total proteins, reduced glutathione and the antioxidant enzymes. The present findings indicate that the hepatoprotective effect of GIE in ATD–induced oxidative damage may be due to its antioxidant activity.
A comparative study of phytochemical profile and in vitro antioxidant activities of dark and light dried fig (Ficus carica L.) varieties
Authors: Bey Mostapha Bachir , Louaileche Hayette
Published: March 2022

To study bioactive compounds of the dried fig, nine varieties (3 dark and 6 light varieties) were analyzed for their phytochemical profile and antioxidant activities. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using four methods, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide scavenging effects and phosphomolybdenum assay. The results showed that the fig varieties with a dark skin contain higher amounts of total phenolics, total flavonoïds, anthocyanins, flavonols and proanthocyanidins than the lighter varieties. Our results also revealed that the antioxidant activities of the dark varieties were markedly better than those of the light ones. High correlations were found between phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities. Principal component analysis (PCA) manifests 86.91 of cumulative variance which indicates that the fig varieties were well distinguished by their bioactive phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities. PCA plot confirms a net separation between the dark and light dried fig varieties.
Brilliant future of phytomedicines in the light of latest technological developments
Authors: Khan Haroon
Published: March 2022

The phytomedicine have been used throughout the world as an integral part of our health care system since long time ago. The knowledge of traditional therapies, inherited from ancestors, is highly deep-rooted and time tested. The recent incredible development of synthetic drugs has not imprecise the outstanding potential of phytomedicines; rather paradigm shift in the natural way of treatment has been observed, singling the outstanding future of phytomedicines. To get more significant results, phytopharmacological screening coupled with phytochemical studies in the light of modern technologies is much needed.
Protective effects of Centella asiatica against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats: biochemical, mitochondrial and histological findings
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Babu Vivek , Nagarajan K. , Machawal Lalit , Bajaj Umakant
Published: March 2022

Myocardial infarction (MI) induced by isoproterenol (ISO) is a standardized model to study the beneficial effects of different drugs. The protective effect of Centella asiatica on ISO-induced cardiotoxicity and the antioxidant activity involved in the protection were investigated in rats. Wistar albino rats were used in the present study. Animals were randomly divided into six groups comprising of six animals in each group. MI was induced in rats with ISO (85 mg/kg, sc) twice at an interval of 24 hrs. ISO produced significant alterations in the creatine kinase, biochemical parameters and moderate necrosis in the heart. The effect of Centella asiatica oral treatment for 21 days at two doses (100 mg and 200 mg/kg, body weight) was evaluated against ISO -induced cardiac necrosis. Levels of marker enzymes (LDH and CK) were assessed in serum while antioxidant parameters viz., reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehde (MDA) were assayed in heart homogenate. Significant myocardial necrosis, depletion of endogenous antioxidants and increase in serum levels of marker enzymes were observed in ISO-treated animals as compared with the normal control animals. Centella asiatica showed a significant cardioprotective activity by lowering the levels of serum marker enzymes and lipid peroxidation as well as elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes. The findings of the present study demonstrated that the cardioprotective effects of Centella asiatica on ISO-induced oxidative damage may be due to an augmentation of the endogenous antioxidants and inhibition of lipid peroxidation of membrane.
Antinociceptive properties of dichloromethane: methanolic leaf and root bark extracts of Carissa edulis in rats
Authors: Maina Gitahi S. , Kelvin Juma K. , Maina Mwangi B. , Muriithi Njagi J. , Kiambi Mworia J. , Umar Aliyu , John Mwonjoria K. , Ann Njoroge W. , David Mburu N. , Piero Ngugi M.
Published: March 2022

Conventional medications are expensive and arguably associated with various severe adverse effects, hence the need to develop herbal agents that are effective as alternative. Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl is the herb that has previously made thousands of people flock to a remote Loliondo village in Northern Tanzania, for its cure said to apply to all diseases such as cancer, HIV/AIDS, ulcers, hypertension, and diabetes. Although C. edulis (Forssk.)Vahl is widely used for pain in the traditional system of medicine; review of the literature shows no scientifically investigated report of its described effects. This study was, therefore, designed to bioscreen the DCM: methanolic extract of the leaf and root bark of C. edulis on anti-nociceptive potential. The plant parts were collected from Siakago-Mbeere north sub-county, Embu County, Kenya. Pain was induced into the rats experimentally using formalin. Anti-nociceptive activities in rats were compared with diclofenac (15 mg/kg) as the standard conventional drug. The leaf extract reduced pain by between 47.04% - 47.19% (in the early phase) and 38.96% - 89.26% (in the late phase) while the root bark extracts reduced it by between 21.5% - 41.89% (in the early phase) and between 21.4% - 90.62% (in the later phase). Diclofenac reduced pain by between 27.37% - 34.9% (in the early phase) and 88.24% - 90.28% (in the late phase). Further, the phytochemical screening results showed that the extract had alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, phenolics and terpenoids which have been associated with anti-nociceptive activities. Therefore, the study has established that the DCM: methanolic extracts of C. edulis (Forssk.)Vahl are effective in the management of pain.
Socio-cultural Beliefs of the Deuki Tradition in Nepal
Authors: K.C. Dipendra Bahadur
Published: March 2022

In the course of Human history and civilizations, several social and cultural practices have developed which have their roots in the fulfillment of their wishes or protection from unknown forces. One of the manifestations of such practices is slavery and attempts to appease Gods and Goddesses by making expensive offerings, sometimes even Human beings. Deuki tradition that started in the far western parts of Nepal is believed to have been started by the King Naga Malla in 14th century. In the course of time, the practice started to be followed by the people in the region.

The Deuki tradition started to give rise to some social and family problems in the region where the tradition was in practice. There have been attempts to abolish the system by the government by making law and making provision for their resettlement. Even though the practice is a dying tradition, the impact that it created in the society is still in existence. There is a need to fully understand the various consequences and impacts of these socio-cultural phenomena. This study will explore various facets of Deuki tradition, its influence in the society and various measures taken to address the issue and recommend future course of action to mitigate the effects of the tradition in the society and the ways how best issues of Deuki can be managed. Hence, the practice has become like a rigid tradition that the society is not easily able to break away from. A critical and academic look and in-depth study and informed analysis is required to the issue of Deuki tradition.
Research on the chemical compositionof water resources for gene conservationand development of H’mong cattle value chain in the northern mountainous region
Authors:   Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vu Thi Minh Hong , Do Thi Hai ,   Hanoi University of Mining and Geology
Published: March 2022

The science and technology project “Application of technology to develop high-quality beef cattle into goods according to the value chain in the northern mountainous region” (hereinafter referred to as the H’mong cattle project) is implemented under Decision No. 1754/2018/QD-BKHCN dated June 25, 2018, of the Minister of Science and Technology. This is a national science and technology project implementing the application of new technologies to develop products according to the quality beef value chain in the northern mountainous provinces. The project is located at Dong Luong village, Quang Chu commune, Cho Moi district, Bac Kan province, that is oriented to develop a nuclear cow herd that preserves the H’mong gene. In cow breeding, water source plays a very important role in the growth and development of cows. In the project area, water for domestic use is often taken from wells or surface water from ravines, which have high hardness and heavy metals pollution, NO2- or E. coli. In order to ensure water quality for the Centre for Genetic Conservation and Development of H’mong cattle, for raising original H’mong cows, the authors have conducted experiments to study heavy metal content in the surface water samples (from rock ravines) and groundwater samples (fromdrilled wells). Water samples were taken at different times of the year and analysed by modern equipment with high sensitivity, high accuracy, and detection limit to ppt (ng/l). Measured results are compared with the QCVN 01-1:2018/BYT National Technical Regulation on Domestic Water Quality issued by the Ministry of Health.
Survey on species composition and experience in using edible plants of Thai ethnic in Sop Cop district, Son La province
Authors:   Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST, Nguyen Thi Van Anh , Nguyen Van Du ,   Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST, Ha Tuan Anh ,   Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST, Bui Van Thanh ,   Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST, Tran Thi Lien ,   University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Nguyen Tien Dung ,   Tay Bac University
Published: March 2022

Through the process of formation and development, communities have gradually accumulated experience in exploiting and using natural resources to serve their lives. Eating is an essential human need, first of all, to survive, and then gradually develop into art. Experience in exploiting and processing edible plants is diverse. In this study, by the botanical research methods combined with the ethnobotanical method, the authors recognised in the Thai ethnic community in Sop Cop district, Son La province 114 edible plant species. In 114 species recorded, 81 species are wild plants (accounting for 71.05%), 43 species are domesticated (37.72%), in which 10 species (8.77%) are semi-wild and domesticated. The group of vegetables is the most diverse with 52 species (45.61%), fruit trees with 39 species (34.21%), spice plants with 21 species (18.42%)... The parts are used also plentiful, with the most fruit with 57 species (50%), leaves, young buds, tubers... There are many special plants, processed to create unique and typical Thai dishes in Sop Cop district, Son La province.
Investigation and fabrication triboelectric nanogenerator using commercial Polytetrafluoroethylene and Aluminum
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering Physics and Nanotechnology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Phan Hai ,   Key Laboratory for Micro and Nano Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Phan Nguyen Hoa ,   Faculty of Engineering Physics and Nanotechnology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Ho Anh Tam ,   Key Laboratory for Micro and Nano Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Nguyen Huu Duc ,   Key Laboratory for Micro and Nano Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Pham Duc Thang ,   Faculty of Engineering Physics and Nanotechnology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi,   Key Laboratory for Micro and Nano Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
Published: March 2022

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an energy technology that can convert mechanical energy into electricity based on the conjunction of triboelectric friction and electrostatic induction. TENG possesses a high potential as an alternative artificial energy source to develop the integrated power source device, active sensor, or massive scale power source. In this research, the vertical contact triboelectric nanogenerators using commercial grade Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Aluminum were successfully fabricated. It performs the output voltage and current of 145 V and 8.5 μA, respectively. Moreover, the maximum power of 510 μW was observed at the external contact force of 11 N.
Studying the effect of temperature on the structure, structural anddynamicheterogeneity of liquid silica
Authors:   Thai Nguyen University of Education, Giap Thi Thuy Trang , Pham Huu Kien ,   Thai Nguyen University of Education, Duong Thi Lan ,   Thai Nguyen University of Education, Trinh Van Ha ,   Thai Nguyen University of Information and Communication Technology
Published: March 2022

The authors performed a molecular dynamics simulation to survey the structural and dynamictransition in liquid silica. In detail, research results on the radial distribution function, the coordination number, the characteristics of the domain and average energy per atom showed that silica undergoes three different structural regions when the temperature increases from 2000 to 6000 K. The structural transition occurred most strongly at the temperature range of 4500-5000 K. Furthermore, the authorsinvestigated the cluster function of sets of mobile, immobile and random atoms. The resultsconfirmed that the higher the temperature, the more homogeneous the structure of liquid silica and the structural heterogeneity occurs at a temperature below 3500 K. Finally, the resultsindicated that O atoms are more mobile than Si atoms.
Study on the gas sensor at room temperature based on polypyrrole materials
Authors:   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Tran Thanh Binh , Luyen Quoc Vuong ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Hoang Van Han ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Giap Van Cuong ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Bui Van Dan ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Hoang Thi Hien ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Chu Van Tuan ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the results of synthesising polypyrrole (PPy) modified Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) with nanostructures oriented to applications for NH3 gas sensors operating at room temperature. The outcomes of surface morphology and chemical composition structure analysis of PPy film were studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The products were obtained by electrochemical method with the nanostructured PPy film, the conductivity of the PPy film depends on the concentration of DBSA denaturant. The experimental results showed that these PPy films have a great potential application as a new sensitive layer for gas sensors.
Study the ability of using basic oxygen furnace slag as a flux for removing impurities from liquid iron in a pre-treatment process
Authors:   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Nguyen Cao Son
Published: March 2022

In this study, a flux, mixture of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag and CaO powder, was investigated the ability of the slag recycling in a pre-treatment process. The first step of the experimental procedure was to melt iron using a high-frequency induction furnace, then 3 kg of flux was embedded into the metal. There were two kinds of experimental conditions including with and without Argon gas protection of the furnace. After ten minutes from the moment of adding the flux, the metal and slag samples were taken out for chemical composition analysis. The results showed that Sulphur (S) content of the iron significantly decreased by 38% and 19% with and without the Argon gas protection, respectively. Meanwhile, the Phosphorus (P) content of the iron was concluded to be independent of the conditional experiments. Besides, the Fe content of the slag decreased in both cases of experiments.
Criminal law of Bosnia and Herzegovina on human trafficking
Authors: Bilić Damir
Published: March 2022

The author of this article explores the question, what is human trafficking. In order to answer this question, definitions of human trafficking are examined, as well as the causes, types of trafficking, recruitment strategies, and the significant problems in conquering human trafficking internationally. Trafficking in human beings affects all regions and most countries of the world. According to official data, Bosnia and Herzegovina is a transit country, but certain reports indicate that it is becoming a country of origin and destination. In order to exemplify the issue of human trafficking on the concrete case study, there is further exploration of how the law of Bosnia and Herzegovina defines it, and how approachs to this problem. Taking into account the increase of human trafficking in the world, especially among countries in transition, it is extremely important to find effective solutions for the prevention of such cross-border criminal activity.
Nabataean and Roman coarse ware cooking pottery from Aila (Aqaba, Jordan)
Authors: Parker S. Thomas
Published: March 2022

The Roman Aqaba Project seeks to reconstruct diachronically the economic history of the ancient port of Aila on the Red Sea (now modern Aqaba in southern Jordan). Excavations of Aila between 1994 and 2003 yielded an enormous quantity of stratified ceramic evidence. This paper focuses on coarse ware cooking vessels recovered from Aila dating to the 1st to early 5th centuries. Although the potters of Aila were influenced by the ceramic traditions of the Nabataean capital at Petra, they also developed an independent ceramic tradition. Further, the Roman annexation of Nabataea in 106 CE, including Aila, seems to have had little impact on the local ceramic industry, which continued with little change until the mid-3rd century, which seems to mark an important transition characterized by the disappearance of many long established types and the appearance of new types, including cooking vessels. Although most of these were produced locally, a significant minority was imported to Aila, mostly from the Petra region about 100 km away. This paper presents a typology of these cooking vessels and offers some explanation for the differing quantities of various types of imported cooking vessels over these centuries, with implications for the regional economy in this period.
Test of the Nabataean Painted Fine Ware typology in Aila’s Area K
Authors: Wenner Sarah
Published: March 2022

Although Nabataean Painted Fine Ware (NPFW) has been examined in light of Stephan Schmid’s chronological typology since the late 1990s, few stratified contexts with NPFW from outside Petra have been published, and none derived from contexts occupied continuously from the Nabataean through Byzantine periods. Questions remain about the dating of later dekorphases (3–4) due to a lack of contexts. This paucity is remedied, however, by Area K at Roman Aqaba/Aila, Jordan. Area K was a domestic complex, just inside the later Byzantine city wall, excavated from 1994 through 2002. Using associated numismatic evidence and imported fine wares (primarily Eastern Sigillata A and African Red Slip), this paper argues that NPFW Dekorphase 3b appeared at Aila in the second half of the 1st century CE, and Dekorphase 3c appeared shortly afterwards, around the time of the Roman annexation in the beginning of the 2nd century.
Design and Synthesis of New Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents with Expected Selectivity toward Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition
Authors: A. Abdul Razzak Nadeem , F.Hussan Samera , J. Qaseer Ahlam
Published: March 2022

This study includes design and synthesis of new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) with expected cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibition to achieve better activity and low gastric side effects. Two series of compounds have been designed and synthesized as potential NSAIDs,these  are:     Salicylamide derivatives (compounds 3,4,5 ) and Diflunisal derivatives (compounds 10&11). In vivo acute anti-inflammatory effect of one of the synthesized agents (compound 3)  was evaluated in the rat using egg-white induced paw edema model of inflammation. Preliminary pharmacological study revealed that compound 3 exhibited less anti-inflammatory effect  compared to that of aspirin after 120 and 210 minutes, which encourage the continuation of the search to demonstrate or identify the preliminary pharmacological activity for the  synthesized compounds and to identify their selectivity toward COX-2 isoenzymes.

Keywords:nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAID),aspirin derivatives ,diflunisal, Cyclooxygenase -1(cox-1),cyclooxygenase-2(cox-2)
estágio como prática educativa no currículo integrado
Authors: Raulino Cíntia Grazielle de Souza , Diemer Odair
Published: March 2022

No contexto da educação ofertada pelos Institutos Federais, o ensino médio na modalidade integrada tem a teoria e a prática como dimensões indissociáveis, o que deve estar refletido nas práticas adotadas para a efetivação de seu currículo. Tendo como objeto do estudo o estágio supervisionado, a pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender quais aspectos são necessários para que o estágio, enquanto etapa curricular, cumpra com sua função formativa no currículo integrado. Na coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas com docentes e técnicos na área de mecânica e enviados formulários via e-mail para os discentes. A partir da análise de conteúdo temática, verificou-se como temas principais a relação teoria-prática, o fetiche da prática, as contribuições para a formação e as dificuldades na prática. Constatou-se que o estágio é uma prática educativa complexa, com múltiplas influências, que necessita do envolvimento de todos os seus atores para que cumpra com seu objetivo formativo no contexto de uma educação profissional integrada ao nível médio.
Microbiome in aging of Gut and Brain (MiaGB): paving the ways to understand gut-brain axis in aging
Authors:   Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA., M. Masternak Michal , Yadav Hariom ,   Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Published: March 2022

Decades of aging research established several well-characterized theories of aging, yet as the studies often focus on different cellular mechanisms there is overall agreement that organismal aging is characterized by multi-factorial degenerative processes resulting from multiple alterations of different molecular pathways compromising cellular or tissues functions. Due to this complexity aging is a major risk factor for multiple diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, and neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is well known that this multi-factorial process in some cases might be accelerated by the dysfunction of one organ as a source of chronic low-grade inflammation. Importantly, most recent studies provide strong evidence that the gut microbiome represents a new independent organ system mainly composed of a variety of microorganisms recognized as the microbiome. The high integrity of the microbiome with the host physiology and biochemical interactions between specific bacteria and cellular processes supports its organ-like function in organismal health and the process of aging. However, it is important to better understand what causes potential cellular stress to accelerate a variety of pathological changes, what is the specific role of our gut microbiome in process of human aging, and how we could use this knowledge to prevent or delay aging pathology.
The development of ultra–high field MRI guidance technology for neuronavigation
Authors: Rusheen Aaron E. , Goyal Abhinav , Owen Robert L. , Berning Elise M. , Bothun Dane T. , Giblon Rachel E. , Blaha Charles D. , Welker Kirk M. , Huston John , Bennet Kevin E. , Oh Yoonbae , Fagan Andrew J. , Lee Kendall H.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Magnetic resonance imaging at 7T offers improved image spatial and contrast resolution for visualization of small brain nuclei targeted in neuromodulation. However, greater image geometric distortion and a lack of compatible instrumentation preclude implementation. In this report, the authors detail the development of a stereotactic image localizer and accompanying imaging sequences designed to mitigate geometric distortion, enabling accurate image registration and surgical planning of basal ganglia nuclei.

METHODS

Magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo (MPRAGE), fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery (FGATIR), T2-weighted, and T2*-weighted sequences were optimized for 7T in 9 human subjects to visualize basal ganglia nuclei, minimize image distortion, and maximize target contrast-to-noise and signal-to-noise ratios. Extracranial spatial distortions were mapped to develop a skull-contoured image localizer embedded with spherical silicone fiducials for improved MR image registration and target guidance. Surgical plan accuracy testing was initially performed in a custom-developed MRI phantom (n = 5 phantom studies) and finally in a human trial.

RESULTS

MPRAGE and T2*-weighted sequences had the best measures among global measures of image quality (3.8/4, p < 0.0001; and 3.7/4, p = 0.0002, respectively). Among basal ganglia nuclei, FGATIR outperformed MPRAGE for globus pallidus externus (GPe) visualization (2.67/4 vs 1.78/4, p = 0.008), and FGATIR, T2-weighted imaging, and T2*-weighted imaging outperformed MPRAGE for substantia nigra visualization (1.44/4 vs 2.56/4, p = 0.04; vs 2.56/4, p = 0.04; vs 2.67/4, p = 0.003). Extracranial distortion was lower in the head’s midregion compared with the base and apex ( 1.17–1.33 mm; MPRAGE and FGATIR, p < 0.0001; T2-weighted imaging, p > 0.05; and T2*-weighted imaging, p = 0.013). Fiducial placement on the localizer in low distortion areas improved image registration (fiducial registration error, 0.79–1.19 mm; p < 0.0001) and targeting accuracy (target registration error, 0.60–1.09 mm; p = 0.04). Custom surgical software and the refined image localizer enabled successful surgical planning in a human trial (fiducial registration error = 1.0 mm).

CONCLUSIONS

A skull-contoured image localizer that accounts for image distortion is necessary to enable high-accuracy 7T imaging–guided targeting for surgical neuromodulation. These results may enable improved clinical efficacy for the treatment of neurological disease.
A taxonomy for brainstem cavernous malformations: subtypes of pontine lesions. Part 1: basilar, peritrigeminal, and middle peduncular
Authors: Catapano Joshua S. , Rumalla Kavelin , Srinivasan Visish M. , Lawrence Peter M. , Larson Keil Kristen , Lawton Michael T.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) are complex, difficult to access, and highly variable in size, shape, and position. The authors have proposed a novel taxonomy for pontine cavernous malformations (CMs) based upon clinical presentation (syndromes) and anatomical location (findings on MRI).

METHODS

The proposed taxonomy was applied to a 30-year (1990–2019), 2-surgeon experience. Of 601 patients who underwent microsurgical resection of BSCMs, 551 with appropriate data were classified on the basis of BSCM location: midbrain (151 [27%]), pons (323 [59%]), and medulla (77 [14%]). Pontine lesions were then subtyped on the basis of their predominant surface presentation identified on preoperative MRI. Neurological outcomes were assessed according to the modified Rankin Scale, with a score ≤ 2 defined as favorable.

RESULTS

The 323 pontine BSCMs were classified into 6 distinct subtypes: basilar (6 [1.9%]), peritrigeminal (53 [16.4%]), middle peduncular (MP) (100 [31.0%]), inferior peduncular (47 [14.6%]), rhomboid (80 [24.8%]), and supraolivary (37 [11.5%]). Part 1 of this 2-part series describes the taxonomic basis for the first 3 of these 6 subtypes of pontine CM. Basilar lesions are located in the anteromedial pons and associated with contralateral hemiparesis. Peritrigeminal lesions are located in the anterolateral pons and are associated with hemiparesis and sensory changes. Patients with MP lesions presented with mild anterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome with contralateral hemisensory loss, ipsilateral ataxia, and ipsilateral facial numbness without cranial neuropathies. A single surgical approach and strategy were preferred for each subtype: for basilar lesions, the pterional craniotomy and anterior transpetrous approach was preferred; for peritrigeminal lesions, extended retrosigmoid craniotomy and transcerebellopontine angle approach; and for MP lesions, extended retrosigmoid craniotomy and trans–middle cerebellar peduncle approach. Favorable outcomes were observed in 123 of 143 (86%) patients with follow-up data. There were no significant differences in outcomes between the 3 subtypes or any other subtypes.

CONCLUSIONS

The neurological symptoms and key localizing signs associated with a hemorrhagic pontine subtype can help to define that subtype clinically. The proposed taxonomy for pontine CMs meaningfully guides surgical strategy and may improve patient outcomes.
Evaluating frailty, mortality, and complications associated with metastatic spine tumor surgery using machine learning–derived body composition analysis
Authors: Massaad Elie , Bridge Christopher P. , Kiapour Ali , Fourman Mitchell S. , Duvall Julia B. , Connolly Ian D. , Hadzipasic Muhamed , Shankar Ganesh M. , Andriole Katherine P. , Rosenthal Michael , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Bilsky Mark H. , Shin John H.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Cancer patients with spinal metastases may undergo surgery without clear assessments of prognosis, thereby impacting the optimal palliative strategy. Because the morbidity of surgery may adversely impact recovery and initiation of adjuvant therapies, evaluation of risk factors associated with mortality risk and complications is critical. Evaluation of body composition of cancer patients as a surrogate for frailty is an emerging area of study for improving preoperative risk stratification.

METHODS

To examine the associations of muscle characteristics and adiposity with postoperative complications, length of stay, and mortality in patients with spinal metastases, the authors designed an observational study of 484 cancer patients who received surgical treatment for spinal metastases between 2010 and 2019. Sarcopenia, muscle radiodensity, visceral adiposity, and subcutaneous adiposity were assessed on routinely available 3-month preoperative CT images by using a validated deep learning methodology. The authors used k-means clustering analysis to identify patients with similar body composition characteristics. Regression models were used to examine the associations of sarcopenia, frailty, and clusters with the outcomes of interest.

RESULTS

Of 484 patients enrolled, 303 had evaluable CT data on muscle and adiposity (mean age 62.00 ± 11.91 years; 57.8% male). The authors identified 2 clusters with significantly different body composition characteristics and mortality risks after spine metastases surgery. Patients in cluster 2 (high-risk cluster) had lower muscle mass index (mean ± SD 41.16 ± 7.99 vs 50.13 ± 10.45 cm2/m2), lower subcutaneous fat area (147.62 ± 57.80 vs 289.83 ± 109.31 cm2), lower visceral fat area (82.28 ± 48.96 vs 239.26 ± 98.40 cm2), higher muscle radiodensity (35.67 ± 9.94 vs 31.13 ± 9.07 Hounsfield units [HU]), and significantly higher risk of 1-year mortality (adjusted HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.05–2.01, p = 0.02) than individuals in cluster 1 (low-risk cluster). Decreased muscle mass, muscle radiodensity, and adiposity were not associated with a higher rate of complications after surgery. Prolonged length of stay (> 7 days) was associated with low muscle radiodensity (mean 30.87 vs 35.23 HU, 95% CI 1.98–6.73, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Body composition analysis shows promise for better risk stratification of patients with spinal metastases under consideration for surgery. Those with lower muscle mass and subcutaneous and visceral adiposity are at greater risk for inferior outcomes.