bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral History and Biographical Method. Common Framework and Distinctions Resulting from Different Research Perspectives
Authors: Gałęziowski Jakub
Published: October 2019

Reflections undertaken in this article are a direct result of the research into the fate of Children Born of War (CBOW) in Poland and relate to the methodological, epistemological and ethical tension experienced while working with the interview partners and analyzing their biographical accounts. The encountered difficulties became a root cause of the critical reflection and an impulse to an attempt to systematize the knowledge about the mutual relations of two research traditions: oral history and biographical method which have coexisted over the past few decades, interfering and penetrating each other to such an extent that many researchers began to equate them or consider one of them as a part of the other and vice versa. The chaos of terms and concepts was of great importance in this process. The text also presents similarities and differences of the two approaches both in an epistemological and ethical sense. The attitude towards the narrator, which is mainly the result of different scientific goals that researchers aim at in both research fields was recognized as the fundamental difference. However, underscoring the differences has no purpose of setting boundaries, but it is a postulate to be more careful and bear theoretical and methodological self-awareness of researchers, it is also meant to foster mutual learning and inspiration, which can positively affect the quality of research and analysis.
Badania wśród uchodźców i przymusowych migrantów – rozważania metodologiczne i etyczne
Authors: Jaworska Dorota , Alieva Khedi , Boryczko Marcin
Published: October 2019

Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja etycznych napięć pomiędzy poznawczą funkcją nauki, humanitarnymi przyczynami podejmowania pracy badawczej i jej praktycznymi celami w badaniach prowadzonych wśród przymusowych migrantów. Różnice pomiędzy badaczami i badanymi w wymiarach statusu społecznego, ekonomicznego i politycznego wyznaczają wyzwania budowania relacji etycznych, rozumianych nie tylko jako spełnienie imperatywu „nie szkodzić” poprzez zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa osobom badanym i ochronę ich przed nadużyciami. W zespole złożonym z badaczy o statusie zewnętrznym i wewnętrznym wobec badanej grupy rozważamy możliwości wyrównywania niesymetrycznych relacji, tworzenia relacji opartych na wzajemnych korzyściach oraz zaangażowania badanych w proces badawczy. Źródłem refleksji jest analiza raportów badawczych oraz doświadczenia własnej pracy badawczej prowadzonej wśród przymusowych migrantów przez współautorów niniejszego tekstu.
In canine acute diarrhoea with no identifiable cause, does daily oral probiotic improve the clinical outcomes?
Authors: Tong Jacqueline Oi Ping
Published: October 2019

PICO question

In canine acute diarrhoea with no identifiable cause, does a daily probiotic supplement in diet, compared to no probiotic supplement, provide better clinical outcomes?

Clinical bottom line

Five placebo-controlled trials suggested a daily oral probiotic supplement provides better clinical outcomes to dogs that have acute diarrhoea (present < 14 days) without an identifiable cause. However, the strength of the evidence is limited and there is uncertainty around the clinical relevance of the studies to some of the outcomes. The probiotic agents, dose, dosing interval, the feeding methods, diets and the duration of treatment were varied in these studies. These variations can lead to different clinical outcomes.
Effects of feed and health interventions on small ruminant production in mixed crop-livestock systems in Southern Mali
Authors: Ayantunde Augustine A. , Umutoni Clarisse , Dembele Théophile , Seydou Koita , Samake Oumar
Published: October 2019

In Mali, small ruminants are a necessary part of mixed crop and livestock systems, and they fulfill various roles in the food security of households as sources of meat and milk, and means of additional income to meet food and cash needs. However, small ruminant production is challenged by the poor performance of animals, which is mainly caused by inadequate nutrition and diseases. A pilot study that combined feed and health interventions was conducted in two villages, Sirakele and Zanzoni in Koutiala District in the south of the country. The objective was to assess the effects of the combined interventions on small ruminant production in mixed crop-livestock systems. Zanzoni served as control, and Sirakele received both feed and health interventions. Twenty households were randomly selected in each village and the study lasted one year, from August 2016 to August 2017. Results showed that within a year the average goat and sheep flock size in the feed and health intervention group doubled, whereas it mostly remained the same in the control group. The mortality rate was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control one. In addition, the goats and sheep gained 42.98 ± 3.28 and 47.12 ± 2.73 g/day in the treatment group, whereas they only gained 22.59 ± 2.29 and 16.58 ± 2.74 g/day in the control group, respectively. The results confirmed that feed and health interventions significantly improved small ruminant production.
Epidémiologie de la trypanosomose animale africaine chez les bovins dans le département du Korhogo (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Boka Ohoukou Marcel , Boka Essehin Enock Jocelin , Yapi Grégoire Yapi , Traoré Seïdinan Ibrahima , Kouamé Koffi Eric
Published: October 2019

Une étude transversale a été menée dans le département du Korhogo, au nord de la Côte d’Ivoire, dans la zone agropastorale de Katégué, afin de mieux connaître l’épidémiologie de la trypanosomose animale africaine (TAA) chez les bovins. L’étude a associé une enquête entomologique et une enquête parasitologique et s’est déroulée en saison des pluies, de juillet à octobre 2015. Les prospections entomologiques ont été réalisées à l’aide de pièges Vavoua posés dans 30 sites aux biotopes divers. Pour l’enquête parasitologique, 407 bovins ont été prélevés sur la base d’un échantillonnage aléatoire stratifié sans distinction de race, de sexe et d’âge. Les résultats ont montré la présence d’un vecteur majeur de la TAA, la mouche tsé-tsé Glossina palpalis gambiensis, avec une densité apparente globale de 0,9 ± 3,0 glossines par piège par jour. Une seule espèce de trypanosome a été identifiée, Trypanosoma vivax, avec des prévalences relativement faibles aussi bien chez les glossines (11 ± 5 %) que chez les bovins (6 ± 2 %). Compte tenu de la gravité de la TAA chez les bovins, il s’avère nécessaire de sensibiliser les éleveurs du Korhogo, qui représente la principale zone d’élevage de bovins en Côte d’Ivoire, à la lutte contre les vecteurs de la TAA et à l’utilisation rationnelle des trypanocides.
The Yiddish Self of the North American Poet Richard Fein
Authors: AGİŞ Fazıla Derya
Published: October 2019

In this study, I aim to analyze poems of the North American poet Richard Fein that he collected in his book entitled At the Turkish Bath. In my analyses, I intend to follow a cognitive poetic point of view, as the theory of “Cognitive Poetics” (1992) of the Israeli linguist and cognitive scientist Reuven Tsur, is based on cognitive processes, through which one solves the semantic ambiguities, such as metaphors, and the cognitive obligations, which lead to the correct interpretation of the poetry. This book is a good presenter of the Yiddish culture. I intend to discover the Jewish and Yiddish self of the poet through the cognitive word arts, such as metaphors, and metonymies that he uses. The poet uses some Yiddish words and inserts some Jewish elements into his poetry in English. Briefly, I aim to discover the formation and the description of the poet’s Yiddish self in his book At the Turkish Bath through the interpretation of the word arts, and their classification in cognitive poetics, both of which are the best aesthetic sources for understanding the identity and the self of the poet from a Gestalt-like perspective. Besides, I am going to talk about the North American Jewish culture, discovering the poet’s Yiddish and North American identities via the cognitive poetic analyses of the two poems of Richard Fein, entitled “My World of Yiddish” and “The Yiddish Poet Yankev Glatshteyn Visits Me in the Coffee Shop.”
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND ANTENATAL CARE COVERAGE IN INDONESIA IN 2017
Authors: Lamiday Salsabila Putri , Machmud Putri Bungsu
Published: October 2019

Background: Antenatal care coverage (ANC) in Indonesia has been constantly increasing over the years according to the country’s national survey data; however, there is a huge gap in coverage between women with different background characteristics. Purpose: The objective of this study is to determine the association between women’s empowerment and ANC coverage in Indonesia in 2017. Methods: This study used data sourced from the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) 2017 with a cross-sectional study design. The population study was married women aged 15–49 years who had delivered children in the two years before the survey was conducted. About 6,397 samples were obtained by a total sampling method that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Variables analysed in this study were women’s empowerment and antenatal care coverage. The data analysis used were chi square and multiple logistic regression analysis. This study was conducted in February–April 2019 in all provinces in Indonesia which were the location of the IDHS 2017. Results: The result of multivariate analysis claimed an association that was statistically significant (p value = 0.00) between women’s empowerment and ANC coverage, with adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02–1.08). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that less empowered women were 1.05 times more likely to not receive complete and standardised antenatal care compared to women who were more empowered.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT WITH PNEUMONIA TODDLERS IN WEST JAVA
Authors: Sukmawati Wahyu Dyah
Published: October 2019

Background: West Java Province is the region with the highest number of pneumonia toddlers and mortality in toddlers due to third highest number of mortality in Indonesia at 2017. One of the risk factors for pneumonia toddlers was low birth weight (LBW). Purpose: This study has purpose to analyze the correlation between low birth weight with pneumonia toddlers in West Java Province at 2017. Methods: Type of this study was an observational type study with correlation study design. This study used secondary data from publication Health Profile of West Java Province in 2017. The population was all toddlers who suffered pneumonia from 18 districts and 9 cities in West Java Province. The independent variable was the coverage of low birth weight babies, while the dependent variable was the coverage of the discovery of pneumonia in toddlers. The study used data analysis through Durbin Watson test and Pearson correlation test. Results: This study showed there was a significant correlation between low birth weight with pneumonia toddlers with p value= 0,01 (p < 0,05). Strength of correlation showed there were moderate relationship and positive direction (pearson correlation = 0,54). so that it can be interpreted that the higher the events of low birth weight babies, then the higher the events of pneumonia in toddlers, and vice versa. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between low birth weight with pneumonia toddlers in West Java Province in 2017.
La ciudad Islámica: una interpretación femenina = The Islamic city: A female interpretation
Authors: Bazarjani Narges
Published: October 2019

Resumen Agar, la concubina de Abraham y la madre de la nación árabe, es la fundadora de la ciudad islámica, Meca. En la mitología islámica Agar, una vez expulsada de la tienda de Abraham y Sara, vaga desesperadamente por el desierto Paran, en busca de agua. Es entonces cuando se le aparece el arcángel Gabriel revelando le el lugar del pozo Zamzam. He aquí el origen mítico de la ciudad islámica Meca. Agar personifica las características de la nueva civilización; un lugar que sirva de refugio para una mujer esclava marginada y expulsada de la protección patriarcal.Meca, en su origen, ha sido una ciudad femenina en el sentido deleuziano, es decir, un escenario para “devenir-minoritaria”, para “devenir-mujer”. Pero veremos cómo la ciudad/refugio de Agar será confiscada por valores patriarcales a lo largo de la historia. Agar, la fundadora de la nación, a través del tiempo se convierte en un personaje secundario en las tres culturas abrahámicas. En este trabajo, se pretende hacer una interpretación femenina del origen de la ciudad islámica revitalizando el papel de la esclava Agar como fundadora de la nación árabe.Abstract Hagar, the concubine of Abraham and the mother of the Arab nation, mythically, is the founder of the Islamic city, Mecca. In Islamic mythology, Hagar, once expelled from the tent of Abraham and Sarah, wanders desperately through the Paran desert, in search of water. It is then that the archangel Gabriel appears, revealing the place of the Zamzam well, where they built the city of Mecca. Hagar embodies the features of the new civilization; a place that serves as a refuge for a slave woman marginalized and expelled from patriarchal protection.Mecca, in its origin, has been a feminine city in the Deleuzian sense, a scene for "becoming-minority", for "becoming-woman". But we will see how the city/refuge of Hagar will be confiscated by patriarchal values throughout history. Hagar, the founder of the nation, through time becomes a secondary figure, almost forgotten, in the three Abrahamic traditions. In this investigation, we are trying to make a feminine interpretation of the origin of the Islamic city, revitalizing the role of the slave Hagar as founder of the Arab nation.
One Step Mechanosynthesis of Graphene Oxide Directly from Graphite
Authors: Ibarra Victor , Mendoza Demetrio , Sanchez Alma , Vazquez Rosa , Aleman Karina , Ramirez Marius , Castano Victor
Published: October 2019

Graphene oxide was synthesized by a one-step environmentally friendly mechanochemistry process directly from graphite and characterized by Raman, FT-IR and UV/vis spectroscopies, Atomic Force Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis. Spectroscopic analysis shows that the functional groups and oxygen content of the synthesized material are comparable with those of graphene oxide synthesized by other previously reported methods (Hummers). Thermogravimetric analysis reveals thermal stability up to 400 °C.
Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Mediated Resistance to Third Generation Cephalosporins and Conjugative Transfer of Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Hospitals in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Ramesh Nachimuthu , Rajesh Kannan Velu , Bozdogan Bulent , Krishnakumar Vaithilingam , Manohar Prasanth
Published: October 2019

Clinical pathogens especially Gram-negative bacteria developing resistance to third-generation cephalosporins are making the clinical outcome more complicated and serious. This study was undertaken to evaluate the distribution of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Tamil Nadu regions in India. For this study, clinical samples were collected from five different hospitals located in Tamil Nadu and ESBL producing Gram-negative isolates were characterized. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed using cefotaxime and ceftazidime. The blaESBL producing genes were screened using multiplex PCR for the genes, CTX-M group-1,-2,-8,-9,-26. Conjugation studies were performed using E. coli AB1157 as a recipient for the isolates harbouring plasmid-borne resistance following broth-mating experiment. In total, 1500 samples were collected and 599 Gram-negative bacteria were isolated that included Escherichia coli (n=233), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=182), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=79), Citrobacter spp. (n=30), Proteus mirabilis (n=28), Salmonella spp. (n=21), Acinetobacter baumannii (n=12), Serratia spp. (n=6), Shigella spp. (n=4), Morganella morganii (n=3) and Providencia spp. (n=1). MIC results showed that 358 isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Further, ESBL gene amplification results showed that 19 isolates had CTX-M group-1 gene including E. coli (n=16), K. pneumoniae (n=2) and P. aeruginosa (n=1) whereas one M. morganii isolate had CTX-M group-9 gene in their plasmid. Through conjugation studies, 12/20 isolates were found to be involved in the transformation of its plasmid-borne resistance gene. Our study highlighted the role of horizontal gene transfer in the dissemination of plasmid-borne blaCTX-M resistance genes among ESBL producing isolates.
Challenges Companies Encounter When Delivering Sustainable Solutions: Research Conducted in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Seretny Marek , Cazorla Milla Asli , Azeem Muhammad , Gaur Deepika , Jones Dennis , Ben Abdallah Moalla Rabeb , Mataruna-Dos-Santos Leonardo Jose
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the challenges faced by business organizations implementing sustainable solutions in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the wider Gulf Coast Countries (GCC) region. To this end, our study examines an academic theory supporting the implementation of responsible solutions to the market. Ultimately, the authors hope to inspire the reader to consider what he or she can do to ameliorate the existing challenges encountered by sustainable businesses. The analysis presented in this article implies that in recent markets, the implementation of the sustainability theory is essential for further development. The research project contributes to the increase of knowledge about corporate and organizational challenges related to running a responsible business, as well as challenges related to the application of environmental, social and economic aspects of sustainable business practices. The research is currently limited to conceptual analysis, literature review and a survey conducted during the Sustainability Week 2019 in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Nevertheless, this is the first stage of the research project conducted by the research team in cooperation with enterprises that implement responsible solutions in many global markets, and in UAE market. The scope of the first stage of the study was limited to the analysis of data clarifying the concept of the model specified in the research. To prove the validity of the model it will be implemented and tested in cooperation with organizations participating in the research.
Spontaneous Left Cardiac Isomerism in Chick Embryos: Case Report, Review of the Literature, and Possible Significance for the Understanding of Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy in the Setting of Human Heterotaxy Syndromes
Authors: Männer Jörg
Published: October 2019

Except for a few species, the outer shape of vertebrates normally is characterized by bilateral symmetry. The inner organs, on the other hand, normally are arranged in bilaterally asymmetric patterns, which are of special importance for the normal function of the cardiovascular system of lung-breathing vertebrates. Deviations from the normal organ asymmetry can occur in the form of mirror imagery of the normal arrangement (situs inversus), or in the form of arrangements that have the tendency for development of bilateral symmetry, either in a pattern of bilateral left-sideness (left isomerism) or bilateral right-sidedness (right isomerism). The latter two forms of visceral situs anomalies are called “heterotaxy syndromes”. During the past 30 years, remarkable progress has been made in uncovering of the genetic etiology of heterotaxy syndromes. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms causing the spectrum of cardiovascular defects found in these syndromes remain poorly understood. In the present report, a spontaneous case of left cardiac isomerism found in a HH-stage 23 chick embryo is described. The observations made in this case suggest that hearts with left cardiac isomerism may have the tendency for development of a non-compaction cardiomyopathy caused by defective development of the proepicardium.
The Influence of Effectiveness of Management, Work Culture, Trust and Engagement, towards Work Effectiveness of Employee Property Company at Jakarta
Authors: Tridasawarsa Dewi , Akbar Ma'ruf , Abdullah Thamrin
Published: October 2019

This study aims to measure and analyze the effect of management effectiveness, work culture, trust, and engagement on the work effectiveness of employees of family-based property companies in Jakarta. Of the 193 homogeneous employee populations spread in Jakarta, Cinere, Bogor and Tangerang, the samples were based on Slovin and the simple random sampling technique was 130 people. This study uses a quantitative approach with linear regression analysis, single test, and path analysis. From the results of the study, it can be seen that: (1) management effectiveness, work culture, and trust have a positive and significant direct effect on work effectiveness, (2) effectiveness of management and work culture indirectly affect work effectiveness through trust, (3) engagement is not effect directly or indirectly on work effectiveness. The results of the study found that Trust is the most influential and very significant variable in influencing the work effectiveness of employees in family companies. Conclusions obtained, namely transparency, honesty, and fairness, and high integrity can make work more effective.
The Relationship between Religiosity, Self-Interest, and Impulse Buying: an Islamic Perspective
Authors: Hoetoro Arif , Hannaf Muhammad Said
Published: October 2019

The expansion of e-commerce dramatically changes the spending patterns which are found a significant number of impulse buying. Practical method and easy way to buy specific goods from e-commerce might be an important factor why customers spent their money more impulsively. Researches on this phenomenon showed that psychological values emerged from religiusity condition and self-interest encouragement play as self-regulation for controlling impulsive buying behavior. Viewed from Islamic economic perspective, this study seeks to configurate self-interest (al-nafs) into three levels namely al-nafs al-ammarah, al-nafs al-lawwamah, and al-nafs al-muthmainnah when al-nafs involved in online impulse buying. The first two layers of al-nafs refer to the level of self-interest which are material oriented, whereas the last one represents the highest level of self-interest which is spiritual oriented. By employing 134 repondents from e-commerce customers in Jakarta, the research findings revealed that there was no relationship between religiusity and al-nafs al-ammarah and al-nafs al-lawwamah. However, al-nafs al-ammarah (sig.= 0.000) and al-nafs al-lawwamah (sig.=0.040) positively influenced impulse buying. Meanwhile, there was strong relationship between religiusity and al-nafs al-muthmainnah (sig.= 0.000) in which this highest level of self-interest did not have relationship with impulse buying. These research findings have important implications that in order to regulate impulsive buying behavior, customers should control their self-interest and make it to be al-nafs al-muthmainnah.

 
Islamic Versus Conventional Stock Market Indices Performance: Empirical Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Bayram Kamola , Abdullah Othman Anwar Hasan
Published: October 2019

Rapid growth of Islamic finance in general and Sharī`ah compliant stocks in particular arises the question whether Islamic funds/stocks have a better performance or there is no significant difference with the performance of conventional counterparts. This study has twofold objectives, firstly to compare the performance of Islamic and conventional stock market indices in Turkey, namely KATILIM50 and BIST 100 by using Two-Sample Test of Hypothesis over the period of 15 May 2015 to 31 December 2016.  Secondly, to examine the causal relationship between both stocks markets indices in the short-run using Granger (1969) Causality Test. The findings of parametric Z-test reveals that there is no statistical significant difference between the performance of both indices the KATILIM 50 index and BIST 100 index in Turkey Stock Exchange Market during the time frame of the study.  Further, the Granger Causality findings indicate the absence of causal relationship between the two stock markets indices in the short-run. This suggests that stock markets in Turkey are informationally efficient and non-violated with the Efficient Market Hypothesis with respect to the available information of both indices. The findings of this study therefore will provide useful channel for Muslim investors to fully participate in the Turkish capital market that is Sharī`ah complaint and fulfil their religious belief without sacrificing any financial performance.
Deep Neck Inflammation: Probable Kawasaki Disease in Korean Children
Authors: Lim Sooyeon , Lee Na Young , Han Seung Beom , Jeong Dae Chul , Kang Jin Han
Published: October 2019

Objectives. Deep neck infections (DNIs) can cause life-threatening complications, and prompt diagnosis and management are necessary. Kawasaki disease (KD) may be accompanied by deep neck inflammation; making it difficult to distinguish from DNIs. This study was performed to evaluate clinical features and outcomes of children with parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal inflammation.Methods. Medical records of the children diagnosed with parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal cellulitis or abscess using cervical computed tomography (CT) between 2013 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.Results. A total of 47 children were diagnosed with parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal inflammation. Eleven (23.4%) of them were eventually diagnosed with KD, and 36 (76.6%) were diagnosed with DNIs. There were no significantly different clinical and laboratory characteristics on admission between children diagnosed with KD and DNIs; however, significantly more children with KD were febrile for ≥3 days after admission compared to those with DNIs (P=0.009). Deep neck abscesses on CT were observed in 16 children with DNIs (44.4%) and in no child with KD (P=0.009). Among the 36 children with DNIs, 30 (83.3%) were cured with antibiotic therapy only.Conclusion. A quarter of children presenting with deep neck inflammation were diagnosed with KD. KD should be considered in children showing deep neck inflammation unresponsive to empirical antibiotic therapy after 3 days, especially in those presenting with deep neck cellulitis rather than deep neck abscess.
A Three-Phase Study on Pre-Flush Stage in Sandstone Acidizing: Experimental and Modeling Analysis of Evolved CO2 in an Oil and Aqueous Environment
Authors: Muhemmed Sajjaat , Kumar Harish , Nasr-El-Din Hisham
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a detailed study on the effects of evolved CO2 due to carbonate mineral dissolution, and its ensuing activity, during the preflush phase in matrix acidizing of sandstone reservoirs. Sandstone acidizing in the presence of different rock saturations conditions is seldom investigated. The presence of oil during preflush may change the perception of acid with carbonate minerals. The cores were acidized via coreflood experiments and validated through simulation studies using three-phase numerical model. The acid was injected into 100% brine saturated rock with 15 wt% hydrochloric acid (HCl) at a temperature of 150 F and at a back-pressure of 1200 psi. This was done to calibrate and initially test the numerical model. The numerical model was able to match the performed coreflood experiments at different saturation conditions to a good level of accuracy. The HCl-calcite and HCl-dolomite chemical reaction parameters were fixed in all cases to ensure consistency in analyses. Oil production was observed, with an average of 25% recovery of the residual oil in place at pore pressures of 1,200 psi. The swelling of oil by the soluble CO2 was inferred as the main mechanism for additional oil production during the 15 wt% HCl injection. A direct symmetry was observed between the oil recovery and average CO2 moles in the oil phase based on the numerical model prediction of the conducted experiments. The recovery curve flattened once surrounding oil reached its full-saturation level with CO2. The successful capability of the numerical model to effectively mimic the preflush stage sets a new bar in the area of sandstone acidizing. The potential of CO2, a by-product of acidizing, towards its contribution in swelling the surrounding oil, and thus mobilizing the trapped oil has been depicted in this study.
The Strategy of Production Operation for Extended Lateral Shale Wells
Authors: Lu Haidan , Zhang Cathy , Yuan Zhaoguang , Polatbekov Dauren , Fai-Yengo Ghislain , Karimi Hassan
Published: October 2019

This paper reviews the U.S. shale well drilling and completion strategies in recent years. A data-driven approach is taken to correlate the production performance to the lateral length focusing on the Midland basin and Delaware basin. Six lateral length cases were studied, ranging from 5 thousand to 17.5 thousand feet. To investigate the shale well lateral length impact on production performance, multi-disciplinary studies were conducted by taking into account the combinations of time-dependent fluid properties, well trajectory, reservoir characteristics, completion design, and wellbore multiphase flow effect. Artificial lift and operational strategies were discussed and developed for long lateral length wells. Economics analysis was performed to study the feasibility and sustainability of production operation strategies.
Improved Understanding of Vertical Barriers / Baffles by History Match Analysis
Authors: Al-Sayegh Saleh , Prasad Raj Kishore , Tiwary Asheshwar , Joshi Deepak
Published: October 2019

Minagish Oolite reservoir is a prolific limestone reservoir in Umm Gudair field underlain by an active aquifer situated in West Kuwait. The field has been on production for over 50 years and has been experiencing rising water production levels in the recent years. Understanding the movement of water in the reservoir is vital for maximizing oil recovery.

During the producing life of the reservoir, the vertical movement of water is influenced by presence of flow barriers / baffles in the reservoir and how they are distributed in the vertical as well as areal direction. Understanding the lateral distribution of the flow barriers to fluid movement in the vertical direction has been a challenge throughout the production history of the field. Efforts have been ongoing in the past, to understand the movement of aquifer water in the vertical direction based on analysis of openhole log data, structural configuration, stratigraphy, well performance, production logging (PLT) results etc. These have resulted in developing a respectable level of understanding of the distribution and strength of barriers/baffles and their effectiveness in the field performance.

In a recent campaign to reduce the rapidly increasing volume of water produced from Minagish Oolite reservoir, a large number of workovers were carried out based on the current understanding of the vertical barriers / baffles, resulting in bringing down the water-cut level appreciably. The paper analyzes the results obtained from carrying out the numerous workovers for water shut-off in the recent campaign. This analysis has been utilized in an attempt to improve the history match in the dynamic reservoir simulation, especially the water-cut history match. Whereas good match of long water-cut history before the recent water shut-off jobs indicates absence of serious issue of well integrity, transmissibility modifiers in the simulation model were required, in order to improve water-cut history match in the post water shut-off period. Thus, there is vast improvement in the simulation team's understanding of the lateral distribution and strength of barriers / baffles. This has greatly aided in the formulation of more pragmatic plans for future workovers involving water shut-off by squeezing-off or isolating watered out layers. The result is a more robust prediction of production profile from the future field development activities.

The paper presents how the integrated approach of the open-hole, cased hole logs data with field performance in the history match process of simulation helps in the improvement of reservoir simulation modeling.
Reviving Two Offshore Oil Wells by Coiled Tubing Gas Lift System Using the Reservoir Gas Cap Energy
Authors: Mhemed Mohamad , Elrotob Nagib , Elsadawi Abubakr , Ben Abdalla Mohamed , Sherik Ayoub
Published: October 2019

For two wells, performing continuous N2 lifting in an offshore environment for weeks to produce a large quantity of aquifer water that had crossed into oil-bearing zones during a long shut-in period would involve high operational and logistical risks and require a large capital investment, which was not proven economical. As an alternative, a Rigless coiled tubing (CT) gas lift system, which uses gas cap energy, was chosen as an efficient, reliable, and cost-effective technique to revive oil production from the two offshore wells.

The technique involved running CT inside the production tubing. The CT was then hung up on an additional tubing hanger installed on the production tree. The injection rate and injection pressure were supplied by a choke manifold connected to a gas well that had high wellhead pressure. The gas was injected down continuously through CT, which lifted the standing water in the production tubing annulus to surface. Production logging tools, simulation models, and flow performance applications were used to

Estimate the volume of water crossed into oil-bearing zones Identify the time needed to revive the wells

The CT gas lift system was found to be the most efficient and cost-effective way to revive production from dead wells. In this application, the free available energy of the only gas well in the field, which was drilled in the gas cap, was used to supply the required gas rate and injection pressure.

The following steps were completed with the collaboration of all parties:

Successful installation of CT in production tree via additional retrievable tubing hanger Gas pressure and gas rate supplied and controlled by a choke manifold Real-time support to guide the operation towards success Successful retrieval of CT when the operation was over

As expected, each well took nearly 45 days of continuous lifting to reach the pre-estimated water cut for the wells to be self-lifting. CT was then successfully retrieved, and the wells continued flowing naturally with considerable rates. The oil rate gain for both wells was around 4,000 BOPD.

This methodology has been approved and adopted by the operator for future similar cases as a cost-effective method to revive oil production from dead wells.

The novelty of the technique comes from the utilization of gas cap energy in the form of high wellhead pressure of the only gas well in the field, which was drilled in the gas cap, as a source of injection pressure and injection rate. This innovative technique made reviving dead wells possible without changing wellhead configuration or investing in weeks of costly N2 kickoff operations.
The Application of Chemical Tracer Monitoring in Multi Stage Acid Frac Wells in the Mature Bahrah Field, North Kuwait
Authors: Qamber Anood , Hassan Mohammad , Ali Abdulaziz
Published: October 2019

Field development of mature fields in Kuwait Oil Company have seen a paradigm shift over the past couple of years, to adopt the latest field proven technology to exploit the remaining reserves. The Mauddad formation in the Bahrah field is a low permeability with high viscosity oil which was previously developed with vertical cased and perforated wells with electrical submersible pumps (ESP). Inflow monitoring also posed a challenge to conduct production logs due to challenges with the Y-tool of the ESP.

In light of these challenges, it was decided to drill horizontal wells, installed with multi-stage frac completions with acid being the stimulant. The described solution was considered a recent success because of the 300% increased production compared to offset vertical wells over the same producing period. However, ESPs are still required to lift fluids to surface in these horizontal wells and the understanding of inflow performance of each stage remained a monitoring challenge. A solution was identified to utilise intelligent inflow tracers after the successful pilot in another field development in Kuwait, using passive inflow control devices (ICD) with ESPs. Therefore, it was decided to pilot the same technology which provided intervention free, permanent downhole monitoring. However, the additional challenge was to prove that inflow tracers could survive the harsh acid operation and continue to function as a reliable downhole sensor thereafter.

The wells installed with intelligent chemical inflow tracers are used to provide a trend assessment of the clean-up phase of production, productivity assessment information for each stage and to event monitoring such as identifying the location of water breakthrough. Fluid samples collected from the surface flow lines were analyzed for unique chemical tracer signatures and interpreted the corresponding tracer signals. The monitoring campaigns have provided an improved understanding of fracture efficiency which has translated to frac design optimsation and also reduced subsurface uncertainty.

This paper discusses the chemical sensor design, integration of the sensors, run in hole procedure, sampling, analysis and interpretations of multi-stage acid frac wells, penetrating the Mauddud reservoir. Several wells were installed with chemical sensors adjacent to the sliding sleeves compartmentalized with swell packers in horizontal producing sections of up to 3,000-ft. The post operation interpretation revealed that chemical sensors functioned after the acid jobs and revealed how each stage performed from the frac clean up operation and how productivity changed over the life of the well.
Development of Renewable Energy in Kuwait
Authors: Altaneeb Sulaiman
Published: October 2019

One objective of the proposed paper, given Kuwait's extremely high CO2-equivalent emissions per capita, high energy consumption per capita, and the international environmental agreements Kuwait has agreed to abide by, is to inspire action by decision makers to increase the share of renewable energy applications in the energy mix in Kuwait to ensure compliance with such agreements. In addition, the paper aims to raise public awareness regarding the energy sector, especially renewable energy, in Kuwait.

To increase the deployment of renewable energy applications in Kuwait, the paper suggests multiple solutions for decision makers to consider. First, electricity can be generated through solar PV or concentrated solar power (CSP). Further, CSP can be used for enhanced oil recovery. In addition, water desalination, which Kuwait relies on heavily for drinkable water and consumes lots of energy, can be done using solar PV or CSP. Another utilization of solar energy is thermal collectors. Such collectors can be used for water heating for domestic use or industrial purposes. Also, they can be used for air conditioning through absorption cooling.

Kuwait has taken serious steps to diversify the sources of its electricity. His Highness the Amir of the State of Kuwait, Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, has called for 15% of Kuwait's electricity needs to be comprised of renewable energy by 2030. A number of projects were undertaken to achieve the vision of His Highness, the most prominent of which is the establishment of Al-Shagaya Renewable Energy Park (SREP). The park includes three types of renewable energy technologies: solar photovoltaic (PV), concentrated solar power (CSP), and wind power. SREP was divided into three phases with different power capacities and different combination of renewable energy technologies for the different phases. Despite the above plan, Kuwait still has a long way to go to reduce its carbon footprint. According to Kuwait Energy Outlook report issued in February 2019, Kuwait is expected to emit more than four times CO2-equivalent emissions per capita than the world's average in 2035. Decision makers in Kuwait are encouraged to take immediate action to avoid such occurrence by 2035. The report also highlights the main sectors causing such emissions.

This paper addresses novel solutions to the emissions issue in Kuwait, particularly solutions relevant to solar energy applications. It also informs the public about Al-Dibdibah Solar Project, to be constructed in Kuwait, which will be one of the largest solar projects in the world.
Water Shutoff Challenges Experience and Lessons Learned in Horizontal Passive Inflow Control Devices Completions of Giant North Kuwait Darcy Reservoir
Authors: Abdel-Basset Mohammed , Zakaria Shams El-Dine , Al-Husaini Mohammed , Barki Jassim , Chong Mizan
Published: October 2019

Water conformance is a common challenge in oilfield industry especially in water flood and active water drive reservoirs where water production has a significant impact on production economics, oil recovery and facilities constraints. Water shut-off (WSO) is an essential solution to delay or minimize water production however effectiveness depends on treatment efficiency. This abstract will demonstrate extensive mechanical and chemical WSO experience in horizontal drilled wells completed with passive Inflow Control Devices (ICD) completions, with case histories from North Kuwait giant water aquifer reservoir.

The main challenge during water conformance treatment is the proper diagnosis and the full understanding of the water flow profile; accurately identify the water source as well as reservoir understanding will help selecting the efficient WSO mechanism, which is crucial for a sound decision making considering the associated cost and the operational complications. Understanding reservoir geology, Integration of inflow profiling via Horizontal PLT and new technologies of water saturation logsare key to accurately identify the water source (heal, middle or toe side) and by turn WSO mechanism. This is done in integration of multidisciplinary domains of G&G, production and reservoir engineers and operation teams.

Mechanical WSO using inflatable packers’ technologies were applied for isolating the toe side, while chemical WSO technologies used for heal side isolation in the open-hole passive ICD completions. Rig-less shifting of ICD sleeves used where active SSD-ICD's completion installed. The statistics of executed WSO results of many case histories have shown relatively good success ratio represented in reducing water cut from 80 – 90% down to 20 – 70%, increase oil production rate from 200 bopd up to 3000 bopd in some wells depending on water source. Furthermore, WSO enabled bringing some inactive high-water wells back to production. This helps extending well-life and by turn maximizes ultimate hydrocarbon recovery. Also, reducing the total water production to facility allowed increasing production of some other wells producing to same facilities. As key learnt lesson; managing the produced liquid rate and drawdown post WSO is essential to maximize the benefit of WSO and delay sharp increase of water cut.

WSO solutions are in constant improvement. Integrating reservoir characterization, fluid inflow profiling and proper selection of WSO technique is crucial for any successful WSO decision. WSO became a common practice to maximize the oil recovery factor from Lower Burgan reservoir of North Kuwait fields.
True Well Performance Validation Using Management by Exception and Data Analytics to Improve Well Test Validation KPI
Authors: Gutierrez Daniel , Cornwall Rachelle Christine , Nuimi Saber Mubarak , Tripathi Deepak Tripathi , Hidalgo Melvin Hidalgo , Alkuwaiti Hamda , Soni Sandeep , Isambertt Jose
Published: October 2019

A workflow-based approach was implemented to improve the efficiency of well-test validation processes and to enhance the reliability of well models. This approach is based on automated validation and management-by-exception rules in order to highlight problematic tests and to execute an engineering validation process for approving or rejecting well-test results.

The well-test validation process is dynamically linked with the ADNOC corporate database to fetch the well-test results automatically in real time. The first-step validation is an automated process that compares well test data against user-defined surface parameters criteria and validates the calculated subsurface parameters. Next, engineering validations of problematic test results are performed to analyze parameter trend plots and to adjust outflow model parameters or subsurface parameters for acceptable well tests. Additionally, a repository of calibrated well models is available for asset utilization.

The well-test validation process was implemented throughout a large asset with multiple fields encompassing different lift types, including natural flow, gas lift and ESP. Automatic validation and in-built management-by-exception methodology reduced the requirement for engineering analysis of well tests by 70%, in an asset which validates more than 700 well tests per month. The most significant result is the reliability of the calibrated well models in the implemented integrated asset operations model (IAOM) to support and improve scenario predictions for the business objectives such as field-capacity test predictions and gas-lift optimization. The results of field-capacity tests achieved 98.8% of the targeted production rate for a particular zone.

The holistic two-step well-test validation process allowed the identification of actual failed well tests in achieving an optimized well testing KPI and focused well test planning. This engineering validation approach enhances the skills of the engineer thereby, optimizing available human resources.

The new management-by-exception approach forms the backbone of all other workflows contained in the IAOM, and has helped assets track well performance over time.