bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasites among schoolchildren in Ecuador, with emphasis on the molecular diversity of Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis sp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi
Authors: Tapia-Veloz Estephany , Gozalbo Mónica , Guillén Marisa , Dashti Alejandro , Bailo Begoña , Köster Pamela C. , Santín Mónica , Carmena David , Trelis María
Published: May 2023

Background

Intestinal helminths, including Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH), and Gastrointestinal Protist (GP) infections are major contributors to the global burden of disease, particularly in low-income countries such Ecuador. Their epidemiology in these settings is largely unknown.

Methodology

This prospective cross-sectional study investigates the carriage of intestinal helminths, including STH, and GP in asymptomatic schoolchildren (3–11 years) in the Chimborazo and Guayas provinces, Ecuador. Single stool samples (n = 372) and epidemiological questionnaires on demographics and potential risk factors were collected from participating schoolchildren. Conventional microscopy examination was used as screening method, and molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) assays were used to further investigate the epidemiology of some GP. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the strength of the association of suspected risk factors with the presence of helminths and GP.

Principal findings

At least one intestinal parasite species was observed by microscopy in 63.2% (235/372) of the participating schoolchildren. Enterobius vermicularis (16.7%, 62/372; 95% CI: 13.0–20.9) and Blastocystis sp. (39.2%, 146/372; 95% CI: 34.2–44.2) were the most prevalent among helminths and GP, respectively. Assemblages A (50.0%), B (37.5%) and A+B (12.5%) were detected within Giardia duodenalis and ST3 (28.6%), ST1 and ST2 (26.2% each), and ST4 (14.3%) within Blastocystis sp. Three genotypes, two known (A: 66.7%; KB-1: 16.7%) and a novel (HhEcEb1, 16.7%) were identified within Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Municipality of origin, household overcrowding, and poor sanitation and personal hygiene habits were risk factors for childhood intestinal parasites colonization.

Conclusions/Significance

Despite massive government drug administration programs, STH and GP infection remain a public health concern in paediatric populations living in poor-resource settings. Molecular analytical methods are required to better understand the epidemiology of these intestinal parasites. This study provides novel information on the occurrence of Blastocystis sp. and E. bieneusi genetic variants circulating in Ecuadorian human populations.
Kinbank: A global database of kinship terminology
Authors: Passmore Sam , Barth Wolfgang , Greenhill Simon J. , Quinn Kyla , Sheard Catherine , Argyriou Paraskevi , Birchall Joshua , Bowern Claire , Calladine Jasmine , Deb Angarika , Diederen Anouk , Metsäranta Niklas P. , Araujo Luis Henrique , Schembri Rhiannon , Hickey-Hall Jo , Honkola Terhi , Mitchell Alice , Poole Lucy , Rácz Péter M. , Roberts Sean G. , Ross Robert M. , Thomas-Colquhoun Ewan , Evans Nicholas , Jordan Fiona M.
Published: May 2023

For a single species, human kinship organization is both remarkably diverse and strikingly organized. Kinship terminology is the structured vocabulary used to classify, refer to, and address relatives and family. Diversity in kinship terminology has been analyzed by anthropologists for over 150 years, although recurrent patterning across cultures remains incompletely explained. Despite the wealth of kinship data in the anthropological record, comparative studies of kinship terminology are hindered by data accessibility. Here we present Kinbank, a new database of 210,903 kinterms from a global sample of 1,229 spoken languages. Using open-access and transparent data provenance, Kinbank offers an extensible resource for kinship terminology, enabling researchers to explore the rich diversity of human family organization and to test longstanding hypotheses about the origins and drivers of recurrent patterns. We illustrate our contribution with two examples. We demonstrate strong gender bias in the phonological structure of parent terms across 1,022 languages, and we show that there is no evidence for a coevolutionary relationship between cross-cousin marriage and bifurcate-merging terminology in Bantu languages. Analysing kinship data is notoriously challenging; Kinbank aims to eliminate data accessibility issues from that challenge and provide a platform to build an interdisciplinary understanding of kinship.
A nonvolatile bidirectional reconfigurable FET based on S/D self programmable floating gates
Authors: Jin Xiaoshi , Zhang Shouqiang , Liu Xi
Published: May 2023

A nanoscale nonvolatile bidirectional reconfigurable field effect transistor (NBRFET) based on source /drain (S/D) self programmable floating gates is proposed. Comparing to the conventional reconfigurable field effect transistor (RFET) which requires two independently powered gates, the proposed NBRFET requires only one control gate. Beside, S/D floating gates are introduced. Reconfigurable function is realized by programming different types of charges into the S/D floating gates through biasing the gate at a positive or negative high voltage. The effective voltages of the S/D floating gates are determined jointly by the quantity of the charge stored in the S/D floating gates and the gate voltage. In addition, the charge stored in the floating gate has an effect of reducing the energy band bending near the source/drain regions when the gate is reversely biased, thereafter, the band to band tunneling (BTBT) leakage current can be largely decreased. The scale of the proposed NBRFET can be reduced to nanometer level. The device performances such as the transfer and output characteristics are verified by device simulation, which proves that the proposed NBRFET has very good performance in the nanometer scale.
Not so biodegradable: Polylactic acid and cellulose/plastic blend textiles lack fast biodegradation in marine waters
Authors: Royer Sarah-Jeanne , Greco Francesco , Kogler Michaela , Deheyn Dimitri D.
Published: May 2023

The resistance of plastic textiles to environmental degradation is of major concern as large portions of these materials reach the ocean. There, they persist for undefined amounts of time, possibly causing harm and toxicity to marine ecosystems. As a solution to this problem, many compostable and so-called biodegradable materials have been developed. However, to undergo rapid biodegradation, most compostable plastics require specific conditions that are achieved only in industrial settings. Thus, industrially compostable plastics might persist as pollutants under natural conditions. In this work, we tested the biodegradability in marine waters of textiles made of polylactic acid, a diffused industrially compostable plastic. The test was extended also to cellulose-based and conventional non-biodegradable oil-based plastic textiles. The analyses were complemented by bio-reactor tests for an innovative combined approach. Results show that polylactic acid, a so-called biodegradable plastic, does not degrade in the marine environment for over 428 days. This was also observed for the oil-based polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate, including their portions in cellulose/oil-based plastic blend textiles. In contrast, natural and regenerated cellulose fibers undergo complete biodegradation within approximately 35 days. Our results indicate that polylactic acid resists marine degradation for at least a year, and suggest that oil-based plastic/cellulose blends are a poor solution to mitigate plastic pollution. The results on polylactic acid further stress that compostability does not imply environmental degradation and that appropriate disposal management is crucial also for compostable plastics. Referring to compostable plastics as biodegradable plastics is misleading as it may convey the perception of a material that degrades in the environment. Conclusively, advances in disposable textiles should consider the environmental impact during their full life cycle, and the existence of environmentally degradable disposal should not represent an alibi for perpetuating destructive throw-away behaviors.
Godless owls, devout larks: Religiosity and conscientiousness are associated with morning preference and (partly) explain its effects on life satisfaction
Authors: Gorgol Joanna , Łowicki Paweł , Stolarski Maciej
Published: May 2023

The associations between morningness-eveningness, conscientiousness, and religiosity have not been investigated to date. The aim of the present research was to provide evidence for the relationships between these dimensions. Moreover, we tested whether the well-established link between morningness and life satisfaction could be explained by elevated religiosity of morning-oriented individuals and whether this relationship may be mediated by conscientiousness. The investigation was conducted on two independent samples of Polish adults (N = 500 and N = 728). Our results corroborated earlier findings that morningness was positively associated with both conscientiousness and satisfaction with life. We also found evidence for a significant positive association between morningness and religiosity. Moreover, controlling for age and gender, we obtained significant mediation effects showing that the association between morningness-eveningness and satisfaction with life might stem, at least in part, from the higher religiosity among morning-oriented individuals, also when conscientiousness was included in the model. It means that more morning-oriented individuals may benefit from higher psychological well-being thanks to both personality characteristics and attitudes towards religion.
Socio-demographic and political predictors of Theory of Mind in adulthood
Authors: Clutterbuck Rachel A. , Callan Mitchell J. , Shah Punit
Published: May 2023

Individual differences in Theory of Mind (ToM)–the ability to understand the mental states of others–are theorised to be predicted by socio-demographic and political factors. However, inconsistent findings on the relationships between various socio-demographic predictors and ToM, as well as a paucity of research on political predictors of ToM, have left a gap in the literature. Using a recently validated self-report measure of ToM in a large sample (N= 4202) we investigated the unique contributions of age, sex, socio-economic status, and political beliefs to ToM in adults. Except for age, all variables were correlated with ToM, but when accounting for the variance of other predictors in statistical analyses, political beliefs was no longer associated with ToM. Dominance analysis revealed that participant sex was the most important predictor of ToM. These findings help to address theoretical discrepancies in the existing literature and inform future methods and directions in social cognition research.
Longitudinal relationships between habitual physical activity and pain tolerance in the general population
Authors: Årnes Anders Pedersen , Nielsen Christopher Sievert , Stubhaug Audun , Fjeld Mats Kirkeby , Johansen Aslak , Morseth Bente , Strand Bjørn Heine , Wilsgaard Tom , Steingrímsdóttir Ólöf Anna
Published: May 2023

Physical activity (PA) might influence the risk or progression of chronic pain through pain tolerance. Hence, we aimed to assess whether habitual leisure-time PA level and PA change affects pain tolerance longitudinally in the population. Our sample (n = 10,732; 51% women) was gathered from the sixth (Tromsø6, 2007–08) and seventh (Tromsø7, 2015–16) waves of the prospective population-based Tromsø Study, Norway. Level of leisure-time PA (sedentary, light, moderate, or vigorous) was derived from questionnaires; experimental pain tolerance was measured by the cold-pressor test (CPT). We used ordinary, and multiple-adjusted mixed, Tobit regression to assess 1) the effect of longitudinal PA change on CPT tolerance at follow-up, and 2) whether a change in pain tolerance over time varied with level of LTPA. We found that participants with high consistent PA levels over the two surveys (Tromsø6 and Tromsø7) had significantly higher tolerance than those staying sedentary (20.4 s. (95% CI: 13.7, 27.1)). Repeated measurements show that light (6.7 s. (CI 3.4, 10.0)), moderate (CI 14.1 s. (9.9, 18.3)), and vigorous (16.3 s. (CI 6.0, 26.5)) PA groups had higher pain tolerance than sedentary, with non-significant interaction showed slightly falling effects of PA over time. In conclusion, being physically active at either of two time points measured 7–8 years apart was associated with higher pain tolerance compared to being sedentary at both time-points. Pain tolerance increased with higher total activity levels, and more for those who increased their activity level during follow-up. This indicates that not only total PA amount matters but also the direction of change. PA did not significantly moderate pain tolerance change over time, though estimates suggested a slightly falling effect possibly due to ageing. These results support increased PA levels as a possible non-pharmacological pathway towards reducing or preventing chronic pain.
Exclusive breastfeeding: Relation to gestational age, birth weight, and early neonatal ward admission. A nationwide cohort study of children born after 35 weeks of gestation
Authors: Nejsum Freja Marie , Måstrup Ragnhild , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Løkkegaard Ellen Christine Leth , Wiingreen Rikke , Hansen Bo Mølholm
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Prematurity, being small for gestational age and early neonatal ward admission are the major neonatal conditions that may interfere with breastfeeding supportive practices in infants born at gestational age ≥35+0 weeks. We aimed to investigate the associations between gestational age, small for gestational age, early neonatal ward admission and exclusive breastfeeding at one and four months.

Methods

A register-based cohort-study of all Danish singletons with gestational age ≥35+0 weeks born in 2014–2015. In Denmark, health visitors routinely conduct free home visits throughout infants’ first year and thereby report breastfeeding data to The Danish National Child Health Register. These data were linked with data from other national registers. Logistic regression models estimated the odds ratio for exclusive breastfeeding at one and four months, adjusted for confounding variables.

Results

The study population comprised 106,670 infants. Compared to gestational age 40 weeks, the adjusted odds ratio for exclusive breastfeeding at one month showed a decreasing tendency from gestational age ≥42 (n = 2,282) (1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97–1.17) to 36 weeks (n = 2,062) (0.80; 95% CI 0.73–0.88). Small for gestational age (n = 2,342) was associated with decreased adjusted odds ratio for exclusive breastfeeding at one month (0.84; 95% CI 0.77–0.92). Neonatal ward admission was associated with increased adjusted odds ratio for exclusive breastfeeding at one month among late preterm infants (gestational age 35–36 weeks; n = 3,139) (1.31; 95% CI 1.12–1.54), as opposed to among early term (gestational age 37–38 weeks; n = 19,171) (0.84; 95% CI 0.77–0.92) and term infants (gestational age >38 weeks; n = 84,360) (0.89; 95% CI 0.83–0.94). The associations seemed to persist at four months.

Conclusions

Decreasing gestational age and small for gestational age were associated with decreased exclusive breastfeeding rates. Neonatal ward admission was associated with increased exclusive breastfeeding rates among late preterm infants, whereas the opposite was observed among early term and term infants.
Causal modelling demonstrates metabolic power is largely affected by gait kinematics and motor control in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Gill Pavreet K. , Steele Katherine M. , Donelan J. Maxwell , Schwartz Michael H.
Published: May 2023

Metabolic power (net energy consumed while walking per unit time) is, on average, two-to-three times greater in children with cerebral palsy (CP) than their typically developing peers, contributing to greater physical fatigue, lower levels of physical activity and greater risk of cardiovascular disease. The goal of this study was to identify the causal effects of clinical factors that may contribute to high metabolic power demand in children with CP. We included children who 1) visited Gillette Children’s Specialty Healthcare for a quantitative gait assessment after the year 2000, 2) were formally diagnosed with CP, 3) were classified as level I-III under the Gross Motor Function Classification System and 4) were 18 years old or younger. We created a structural causal model that specified the assumed relationships of a child’s gait pattern (i.e., gait deviation index, GDI) and common impairments (i.e., dynamic and selective motor control, strength, and spasticity) with metabolic power. We estimated causal effects using Bayesian additive regression trees, adjusting for factors identified by the causal model. There were 2157 children who met our criteria. We found that a child’s gait pattern, as summarized by the GDI, affected metabolic power approximately twice as much as the next largest contributor. Selective motor control, dynamic motor control, and spasticity had the next largest effects. Among the factors we considered, strength had the smallest effect on metabolic power. Our results suggest that children with CP may benefit more from treatments that improve their gait pattern and motor control than treatments that improve spasticity or strength.
In vitro myelination using explant culture of dorsal root ganglia: An efficient tool for analyzing peripheral nerve differentiation and disease modeling
Authors: Numata-Uematasu Yurika , Wakatsuki Shuji , Kobayashi-Ujiie Yuka , Sakai Kazuhisa , Ichinohe Noritaka , Araki Toshiyuki
Published: May 2023

Peripheral nerves conducting motor and somatosensory signals in vertebrate consist of myelinated and unmyelinated axons. In vitro myelination culture, generated by co-culturing Schwann cells (SCs) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, is an indispensable tool for modeling physiological and pathological conditions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This technique allows researchers to overexpress or downregulate molecules investigated in neurons or SCs to evaluate the effect of such molecules on myelination. In vitro myelination experiments are usually time-consuming and labor-intensive to perform. Here we report an optimized protocol for in vitro myelination using DRG explant culture. We found that our in vitro myelination using DRG explant (IVMDE) culture not only achieves myelination with higher efficiency than conventional in vitro myelination methods, but also can be used to observe Remak bundle and non-myelinating SCs, which were unrecognizable in conventional methods. Because of these characteristics, IVMDE may be useful in modeling PNS diseases, including Charcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT), in vitro. These results suggest that IVMDE may achieve a condition more similar to peripheral nerve myelination observed during physiological development.
PCA-based detection of phosphorous deficiency in wheat plants using prompt fluorescence and 820 nm modulated reflection signals
Authors: El-Mejjaouy Yousra , Belmrhar Laila , Zeroual Youssef , Dumont Benjamin , Mercatoris Benoît , Oukarroum Abdallah
Published: May 2023

Phosphorus deficiency induces biochemical and morphological changes which affect crop yield and production. Prompt fluorescence signal characterizes the PSII activity and electron transport from PSII to PSI, while the modulated light reflection at 820 (MR 820) nm investigates the redox state of photosystem I (PSI) and plastocyanin (PC). Therefore, combining information from modulated reflection at 820 nm with chlorophyll a fluorescence can potentially provide a more complete understanding of the photosynthetic process and integrating other plant physiological measurements may help to increase the accuracy of detecting the phosphorus deficiency in wheat leaves. In our study, we combined the chlorophyll a fluorescence and MR 820 signals to study the response of wheat plants to phosphorus deficiency as indirect tools for phosphorus plant status characterization. In addition, we studied the changes in chlorophyll content index, stomatal conductance (gs), root morphology, and biomass of wheat plants. The results showed an alteration in the electron transport chain as a specific response to P deficiency in the I-P phase during the reduction of the acceptor side of PSI. Furthermore, P deficiency increased parameters related to the energy fluxes per reaction centers, namely ETo/RC, REo/RC, ABS/RC, and DIo/RC. P deficiency increased the values of MRmin and MRmax and decreased νred, which implies that the reduction of PSI and PC became slower as the phosphorus decreased. The principal component analysis of the modulated reflection and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, with the integration of the growth parameters as supplementary variables, accounted for over 71% of the total variance in our phosphorus data using two components and provided a reliable information on PSII and PSI photochemistry under P deficiency.
Comparative analysis of microRNA expression profiles in shoot and root tissues of contrasting rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) with different salt stress tolerance
Authors: Nguyen Duc Quan , Nguyen Ngoc Lan , Nguyen Van Tung , Tran Thi Huong Giang , Nguyen Thanh Hien , Nguyen Thi Kim Lien , Nguyen Huy Hoang
Published: May 2023

Rice is the second-most important primary crop in the world and one of the most susceptible crops to salt stress. Soil salinization hinders seedling growth and decreases crop yield by inducing ionic and osmotic imbalances, photosynthesis disturbances, cell wall alterations, and gene expression inhibition. Plants have developed a range of defense mechanisms to adapt to salt stress. One of the most effective means is to make use of plant microRNAs (miRNAs) as post-transcriptional regulators to regulate the expression of developmental genes in order to mitigate the detrimental effects of salt stress. In this study, the miRNA sequencing data between two contrasting rice cultivars, salt-tolerant Doc Phung (DP) and salt-sensitive IR28 seedlings, were compared under control and salt stress (150 mM NaCl) conditions to determine the salt stress-responsive miRNAs. Comparative analysis of miRNA sequencing data detected a total of 69 differentially expressed miRNAs in response to salt stress treatment. Among them, 18 miRNAs from 13 gene families, MIR156, MIR164, MIR167, MIR168, MIR171, MIR396, MIR398, MIR1432, MIR1846, MIR1857, MIR1861, MIR3979, and MIR5508, were identified to be specifically and significantly expressed in the shoot and root tissues of DP seedlings. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses further revealed that these detected miRNAs regulate a range of essential biological and stress response processes, including gene transcription, osmotic homeostasis, root formation, ROS scavenger synthesis, and auxin and abscisic acid signaling pathways. Our findings provide more insight into the miRNA-mediated responsive mechanisms of rice under salt stress and should benefit the improvement of salt stress tolerance in rice.
Hepatitis B virus hijacks TSG101 to facilitate egress via multiple vesicle bodies
Authors: Zheng Yingcheng , Wang Mengfei , Li Sitong , Bu Yanan , Xu Zaichao , Zhu Guoguo , Wu Chuanjian , Zhao Kaitao , Li Aixin , Chen Quan , Wang Jingjing , Hua Rong , Teng Yan , Zhao Li , Cheng Xiaoming , Xia Yuchen
Published: May 2023

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects 296 million individuals and there is no cure. As an important step of viral life cycle, the mechanisms of HBV egress remain poorly elucidated. With proteomic approach to identify capsid protein (HBc) associated host factors and siRNA screen, we uncovered tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101). Knockdown of TSG101 in HBV-producing cells, HBV-infected cells and HBV transgenic mice suppressed HBV release. Co-immunoprecipitation and site mutagenesis revealed that VFND motif in TSG101 and Lys-96 ubiquitination in HBc were essential for TSG101-HBc interaction.In vitroubiquitination experiment demonstrated that UbcH6 and NEDD4 were potential E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and E3 ligase that catalyzed HBc ubiquitination, respectively. PPAY motif in HBc and Cys-867 in NEDD4 were required for HBc ubiquitination, TSG101-HBc interaction and HBV egress. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that TSG101 or NEDD4 knockdown reduces HBV particles count in multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Our work indicates that TSG101 recognition for NEDD4 ubiquitylated HBc is critical for MVBs mediated HBV egress.
A Marble Woman: Is the omen good or ill? Louisa May Alcott’s exposé of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s repressed individualism in her domestic horror fiction
Authors: Flint Azelina
Published: May 2023

This article reassesses the place of Louisa May Alcott’s pseudonymous domestic horror fiction in the wider canon of her work. Traditionally, Alcott’s domestic horror writing has been viewed as an expression of her repressed authorial individualism and desire for incorporation into a male literary tradition. Through examining Alcott’s allusions to Nathaniel Hawthorne, I argue that her domestic horror writing exposes the traumatic repercussions of male individualism for women in the work of her contemporaries. Her pseudonymous horror novella, A Marble Woman (1865), appropriates Hawthorne’s allusions to the Pygmalion myth in his earlier novel, The Marble Faun (1860), to demonstrate that the male artist’s preoccupation with a lifeless muse is contingent upon acts of psychological abuse. Alcott interrogates Hawthorne’s elevation of the female copyist to demonstrate that Hawthorne only endorses women’s art when it supports male traditions of creativity, thereby placing women in a subordinate role that stunts their creative power. In place of copyism, Alcott promotes an equal relationship between male and female artists that enables women to critique the work of men. Her domestic horror writing should therefore be read as satirical commentary on the elevation of male artists in the work of her contemporaries in the Concord circle.
A place for TPACK in popular music education: A review of existing literature
Authors: Campanini Alyssa
Published: May 2023

This article is a synthesis of literature pertaining to the connections of music technology and popular music education. Music technology has become a vehicle through which music educators address the inclusion of popular music practices into existing models of music education. Making these connections has proven useful and engaging but has also helped to illuminate issues regarding technology and popular music training at the pre-service and in-service levels. Through a discussion of the role of technology in popular music education pedagogy, current collegiate curricular offerings and current professional development offerings, I argue that the inclusion of the technological pedagogical and content knowledge framework is necessary to prepare pre-service and in-service music educators to embrace popular music pedagogies. Drawing from the research conducted in various contexts, the following literature review is geared towards the music education paradigm in the United States. In the concluding section, I suggest avenues for future research and implications for pre-service and in-service music education practices.
A Influência das Emendas Parlamentares sobre o Orçamento Público em Turismo no Brasil
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Cardoso , Pontes da Fonseca Maria Aparecida
Published: May 2023

O parlamento brasileiro tem sido estudado de forma sistemática por várias áreas do conhecimento, sendo que, dentre tantas, destacam-se a ciência política, a sociologia, a administração pública. O turismo tem recebido visibilidade na agenda pública, por impulsionar o desenvolvimento econômico e social. Nas três últimas décadas (desde 1990), o Estado brasileiro tem investido de forma contínua nas formulações de políticas públicas e no investimento financeiro nos destinos turísticos do país. No entanto, são escassos os resultados da atuação governamental na estruturação dos destinos e na diversificação da oferta de produtos turísticos. Alguns autores (Silva & Fonseca, 2017; Todesco & Silva, 2021) atribuem esse baixo desempenho à forma como os recursos são distribuídos e utilizados pelos municípios e regiões turísticas, pois assinalam que uma fatia significativa do orçamento é designada por emendas parlamentares. Neste artigo, tencionou-se estudar a atuação parlamentar no orçamento do Ministério do Turismo (Mtur). Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho é entender a participação das emendas parlamentares no orçamento do Mtur e se essa influência pode ter prejudicado o desempenho do ministério. O percurso metodológico consistiu em leitura bibliográfica sobre emendas, orçamento público para dar base e sustentação à investigação, em seguida, foram sondados dados no SIGA Brasil, com relatórios de execução orçamentária, também se utilizou estatísticas descritivas. O recorte temporal foi de 2003 (criação do MTur) até 2016. Os principais resultados demonstram uma elevada participação parlamentar na distribuição e uso dos recursos do MTur, sendo que, em alguns anos, o orçamento de emendas chega a ocupar cerca de 80% de todos os recursos investidos
Hospitalidade Pet Friendly: a proposta inovadora da Pousada Le Ange
Authors: Felício Elisy Silva , Oliveira da Luz Andrade Daiane , Amado dos Santos Rodrigo , De Farias da Silva Constantino Fabrícia
Published: May 2023

Sob o intuito de verificar o princípio de que a proposta mercadológica utilizada pela pousada Le Ange é assertiva, tornou-se oportuno estruturar, a partir de uma metodologia quali-quantitativa, diferentes tipos de análises. Quanto à natureza qualitativa, acentua-se não só a utilização de pesquisas bibliográficas que sustentam a relevância do segmento pet friendly para os consumidores, como também o questionário aberto enviado para a gerente de marketing e reservas da pousada, a fim de coletar informações quanto aos serviços e infraestrutura do local. Da natureza quantitativa, sob o intuito de consumar a hipótese de que o objeto de estudo se destaca diante de sua concorrência, foi realizado um levantamento das avaliações que os empreendimentos miguelenses – cidade em que a pousada está situada – e petropolitanos – município vizinho – possuem no Google. Dos resultados, observou-se que a avaliação da pousada Le Ange está acima da média encontrada. Ainda, acrescenta-se que apenas 1 empreendimento, para além do objeto de estudo, fornece serviços exclusivos para pet. Este, entretanto, só dispõe 2 potes e 1 cama. Como conclusão, foi solidificado o pressuposto que coloca a pousada Le Ange, sob um contexto local e nacional, como um exemplo assertivo quanto ao verdadeiro sentido da hospitalidade pet friendly.
Dialogue as Text Containing Emoticons: Jurislinguistic Approach
Authors: Dudareva Yana
Published: May 2023

The article considers dialogues containing emoticons, which have become case materials of various lawsuits. The key problems for legal linguistics related to the functioning of texts containing emoticons in modern electronic communication are considered: verbalization of emoticons, including online verbalization with the help of specialized emoji-translators, and their interpretation and lexicography. Basing on the considered court cases, the problem of similarity between the text, which includes emoticons, and the verbalized text, which does not contain pictograms, is also formulated. Basing on the analysis of pictogram texts, as well as messages containing emoticons, it has been concluded that the similarity between text with pictographic elements and text that does not contain emoticons can be represented to various degree. Three options are possible: 1) the presence of complete similarity (identity) between the text containing emoticons and the text, which is its exact verbalization; 2) the presence of partial similarity between text with emoticons and text without pictographic elements; 3) lack of similarity between text with emoticons and text without pictographic elements. The degree of similarity between texts arises from the phenomena of polysemy, homonymy and synonymy. The appearance of new meanings in the emoticon leads to the development of synonymy between pictograms, and ultimately to the synonymy of message texts. The homonymy of emoticons can be culture determined, and can also be associated with the broadening and narrowing of the communicative context of the situation from the position of the addresser and addressee of the message. Between the text containing emoticons and the text in which there are no emoticons, there may be a dictum similarity (identity), but at the same time accompanied by mode differences. Thus, the degree of similarity between a text containing emoticons and a verbalized text is determined both ontologically, i.e. by the very use of signs, which are characterized by the presence of multifaceted relationships, and epistemologically, i.e. depends on the social, psychological traits, characteristics and attitudes of persons entering into communication.
Actualization of Confrontation in Political Discourse
Authors: Zyubina Irina
Published: May 2023

The article concentrates on the actualization of confrontation in political discourse as a manifestation of asocial dominance, which can potentially be conflict-instigating depending on the subjective perception of the addressee. An important role in this perception of the listener is played by a number of factors, for example, the level of education, nationality, party membership. The paper is a case study of the texts of parliamentarian speeches of various parties of the State Duma from the transcripts of meetings of 2022. The results of the study of the Russian-language political discourse made it possible to identify the following communicative strategies and their corresponding communicative tactics that actualize confrontational dominant behavior: the disapproval strategy (tactics: negative assessment of the opponent’s intellectual qualities, criticism of the opponent’s actions, disagreement with the opponent’s opinion, insult, labeling), the accusation strategy (tactics: accusation of injustice, accusation of ignoring moral norms and values, reproach for understatement and dishonesty, accusation of the current negative situation), the strategy of intimidating of the opponent (tactics: exaggeration of consequences, formation of fear, warning of a threat, reference to the past), the pressing strategy (tactics: showing off one's own merits, teaching the addressee by the addresser, calling the opponent to the opposite behavior, opposing oneself to another person by status). In all the communicative strategies and tactics above, the phenomenon of dominance is actualized in the aspect of confrontational communicative behavior, not aimed at cooperation, but emphasizing the personal ambitions of a politician or a corresponding political party.
Uso de pastagem diferida e não diferida no período seco
Authors: Publio Pedro Paulo Policiano , Pires Aureliano José Vieira , Conceição Franciele de Jesus , Galvão Priscila Coelho Silva , Silva João Wilian Dias , Ferreira Êmilly Pereira Luz , Sousa Mateus Pereira , Pio Luanna Pereira
Published: May 2023

Objetivou-se com esta revisão, averiguar o uso de pastagem diferida e não diferida, no período seco, como ferramenta para manter o desempenho dos animais ao longo do ano. Em regiões de clima tropical, que englobam a maior parte do território brasileiro, a produção de forragem é caracterizada por dois períodos distintos: das águas e da seca. Essa estacionalidade afeta tanto a produção quanto a qualidade da forragem, resultando em efeitos negativos sobre o desempenho animal e na produção por área. Diante dessas circunstâncias é preciso usar estratégias para minimizar o déficit de forragem durante a estacionalidade, principalmente no período seco do ano. Uma das estratégias é o diferimento de pastagem, prática que incide em não utilizar uma área de pastagem por um determinado período, sendo a primeira técnica de maior facilidade e de grande viabilidade, principalmente pelo baixo custo de implantação. Esse manejo consiste em vedar aproximadamente 40% das áreas de pastagens no início de fevereiro para utilização no mês de maio a julho; e o restante será vedado no início de Março para utilização de Agosto a meados de Outubro. Assim, o uso da pastagem é feito de forma mais eficiente e com melhor valor nutritivo ao longo do período de utilização do pasto diferido. A escolha da espécie forrageira, quanto à época de diferimento e utilização do pasto diferido deve ser analisada em cada caso particular, levando em consideração o conhecimento dos padrões de crescimento e desenvolvimento da planta no ambiente em que se encontra. A redução no período em que o pasto permanece diferido e a realização da adubação com Nitrogênio (N2), são práticas de manejo que podem contribuir para melhorar o valor nutritivo da forragem. O uso tanto da pastagem diferida quanto da não diferida são alternativas viáveis para o período seco. A escolha dos sistemas é dependente das condições climáticas de cada região, do objetivo do produtor e do nível tecnológico da propriedade rural. O desempenho dos animais é limitado durante o período seco, em ambos os sistemas, sendo observado resultados positivos quando a suplementação é utilizada. Quando se optar pelo diferimento, deve-se observar o período do diferimento, a altura inicial do diferimento e o uso da adubação nitrogenada aliado ao diferimento escalonado.
BoatNet: automated small boat composition detection using deep learning on satellite imagery
Authors: Jialeng Guo , Suárez de la Fuente Santiago , Smith Tristan
Published: May 2023

Tracking and measuring national carbon footprints is key to achieving the ambitious goals set by the Paris Agreement on carbon emissions. According to statistics, more than 10% of global transportation carbon emissions result from shipping. However, accurate tracking of the emissions of the small boat segment is not well established. Past research looked into the role played by small boat fleets in terms of greenhouse gases, but this has relied either on high-level technological and operational assumptions or the installation of global navigation satellite system sensors to understand how this vessel class behaves. This research is undertaken mainly in relation to fishing and recreational boats. With the advent of open-access satellite imagery and its ever-increasing resolution, it can support innovative methodologies that could eventually lead to the quantification of greenhouse gas emissions. Our work used deep learning algorithms to detect small boats in three cities in the Gulf of California in Mexico. The work produced a methodology named BoatNet that can detect, measure and classify small boats with leisure boats and fishing boats even under low-resolution and blurry satellite images, achieving an accuracy of 93.9% with a precision of 74.0%. Future work should focus on attributing a boat activity to fuel consumption and operational profile to estimate small boat greenhouse gas emissions in any given region.
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shestakova M. V. , Maev I. V. , Ametov A. S. , Antsiferov M. B. , Bordin D. S. , Galstyan G. R. , Dzgoeva F. K. , Kucheryavyy Y. A. , Mkrtumyan A. M. , Nikonova T. V. , Pashkova E. Y.
Published: May 2023

Diabetes is disease of both the endo- and exocrine parts of the pancreas. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) can occur in every 2–3 patients with diabetes and affect not only the quality, but also life expectancy. At the same time, the diagnosis and treatment of PEI is not getting enough attention. The endocrinologist, as the main specialist leading patients with diabetes, can diagnose and treat patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and diabetes using adequate doses of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT).
The Effect of Mobile Health Applications on the Knowledge of Patients of Heart Failure
Authors:   Jordan University of Science and Technology, Akhu-Zaheya Laila , Hweidi ; Issa M. , Al-Hamad Hadeel
Published: May 2023

Background: A lack of knowledge among patients of heart failure represents a significant problem that could lead to an increase in adverse outcomes, such as lengthening the hospitalization period and increasing the readmission rate. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effect of mobile health education applications on the knowledge of patients of heart failure and identify the associated factors that would contribute to patients’ knowledge of heart failure. Methods: A quasi-experimental design (two groups with pretest-posttest design) was used. A non-probability convenient sample of 160 patients was recruited. The participants were assigned randomly to an experimental group and a control group. The Dutch Heart Failure Knowledge Scale was used to assess the patients’ level of knowledge. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and multiple-regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The total number of participants was 126. The overall Jordanian patients’ level of knowledge regarding the non-pharmacological management of heart failure was moderate (M = 9.4, SD = 2.07). Significant differences between study groups were found in terms of levels of knowledge. The intervention group (M = 12.26, SD = 2.36) had significantly higher mean scores of knowledge level of heart failure compared to the control group (M = 9.76, SD = 2.01); t = 6.361, p = 0.000). The result of the regression analysis was significant (adjusted R2 = 0.222, F (16,109)= 3.226, P=0.000). Conclusion: Mobile health education could be a promising solution for managing different chronic diseases, particularly HF. Implications for Nursing: Mobile health could be a more costeffective approach to patient education than other traditional approaches recently applied in clinical practice. Keywords: Heart failure, Patient education, Knowledge, Telehealth, Mobile health applications.
Failure Analysis of Fuel System Main Engine Fishing Vessel (Case Study : KM. Sumber Mutiara)
Authors: Yaqin Rizqi Ilmal , Akmal Mohamad , Siahaan Juniawan Preston , Umar Mega Lazuardi , Priyambodo Bambang Hari , Priharanto Yuniar Endri
Published: May 2023

Failure analysis on the fishing vessel's main engine is one of the works that must be completed because it is crucial for the operation of the ship. Analysis of determining the cause and effect of the failure main engine fuel system is the goal of this study. FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) is a method used to determine priority components in failure. The use of Pareto diagrams is an additional method of analysis. RCFA (Root Cause Failure Analysis) is used to analyze the root cause of the failure of the main engine fuel system. The results obtained are the injector component (168) is the component that has the highest RPN value and is the largest contributor to failure according to the Pareto diagram. The root of the failure identified is the lack of checking before operating. The results of the recommendations obtained are the use of corrective maintenance based on the RPN value and the use of a clean filter for the fuel system. The injector is a component that needs to be maintained so as not to experience a fuel system failure on the main engine. The impact of the results of this study is that it becomes a scientific finding using FMEA and RCFA as a method of analyzing failures in the main engine fuel system on fishing vessels
Numerical Analysis on Added Resistance of a Crew Boat with Variation of Wave Period
Authors: Putri Dita Adhelia , Aliffrananda Muhammad Hafiz Nurwahyu , Riyadi Sugeng , Sutiyo Sutiyo , Utama I Ketut Aria Pria
Published: May 2023

Crew boat is a type of vessels used for the mobility of offshore workers and logistical supply needed for the offshore platform. Crew boat KCT-1901 is categorized as a planning boat with hard chine body. KCT-1901 requires an added power when it is sailing through a seaway. The reason behind this is because when a ship sails through a seaway, the ships experienced a heave and pitch motion resulted in added resistance and hence added power. The goal of the investigation is to estimate added resistance and added power of the crew boat using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method and tested in calm water and in waves with several Froude numbers (Fr) and wave periods. A method developed by Savitsky is used for verification at high-speed mode. The largest total resistance using CFD in calm water is 38.98 kN and using Savitsky method is 39.00 kN obtained at Fr 0.72. Both are in good agreement and the discrepancy is less than 0.1%. Comparative study was carried out against experimental test in a towing tank. The drag forces tested at Fr 0.12 and 0.24, between the two approaches, showed a discrepancy of about 4%. Further CFD test was conducted on wave pattern analysis, which demonstrated that as the Fr increases the becomes clearer and stronger and tests in waves condition at lower wave period showed that the transverse wave becomes more apparent. Therefore, overall can be said that the CFD simulation showed such a good agreement with empirical Savitsky method and experimental tank test.
Reliability-Based Analysis of Main Propulsion Fuel Oil System Maintenance for Tugboats with Qualitative and Quantitative Methods
Authors: Pujo Mulyatno Imam Pujo , Wafi Keyza Taqi , Jokosisworo Sarjito , Tuswan Tuswan
Published: May 2023

This study aims to analyze the maintenance of the main propulsion fuel oil system for tugboats using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The focus is on evaluating the reliability of the system and identifying potential areas for improvement. The research employs a combination of expert interviews, industry standards, and statistical analysis to provide a comprehensive overview of the maintenance practices in place. The goal is to enhance the overall performance and longevity of the main propulsion fuel oil system in tugboats. The study uses data on the operational time, failure time and frequency, the number of vessels served, and fuel system diagrams to analyze the system's reliability. Qualitative methods such as Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) were used, as well as quantitative methods such as Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), Markovian Decision Process (MDP), and reliability methods. The study found that the FO Purifier component was the critical component with a Risk Priority Number (RPN) of 294. The average value of OEE was 47%, lower than the standard of 85%. The MDP analysis showed a probability of 0.08 for mild damage and 0.46 for moderate to severe damage under steady-state conditions. The FO Purifier component had the lowest Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) value of 1658.50 hours. The study provides a graph of the reliability function against time, and recommends maintenance actions based on the MTTF and MDP.