bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Correction of Primary Hemostasis in the Acute Phase of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Boyarinov G. A. , Solovyova O. D. , Yakovleva E. I. , Boyarinova L V. , Deryugina A. V.
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine on the ultrastructural alterations in endothelial cells of liver sinusoidal capillaries (SC) and primary hemostasis in the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Materials and methods. Ultrastructural endothelial cell changes were studied in 36 female outbred rats in the acute phase of TBI using electron microscopy, and the platelet count was determined using a blood analyzer. The experimental group (n=18) animals received intraperitoneal injections of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine at the dose of 8.0 mg/kg per day for 12 days, and the control group (n=18) rats were administered with normal saline solution at the same dose.

Results. Administration of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine in the early post TBI period reduced microvilli damage in endothelial, hepatic and stellate cells in the Disse space, whereas in the control group a significant decrease of these cells counts was detected. In contrast to the control group, the experimental group animals did not demonstrate thrombocytopenia on the days 1, 3, and 7 after injury. There was a significant increase in the platelet count compared with the baseline values, which was highest on day 12 after injury.

Conclusion. Intraperitoneal administration of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine in rats in early post TBI period inhibited the TBI-associated damaging effect of secondary factors on liver sinusoid endothelial cells and platelet consumption.
МЕТОДИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ЩОДО ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ ОБ’ЄДНАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД
Authors: ЗАБЛОДСЬКА Інна , ГРЕЧАНА Світлана
Published: February 2021

Досліджено роль у забезпеченні розвитку території ідентифікації об’єднаних територіальних громад, яка полягає у встановленні схожості та відмінностей конкретної ОТГ, що відображають її унікальність. Зазначено, що результати ідентифікації є джерелом формування стратегічних і оперативних цілей при розробці чи оновленні стратегії соціально-економічного розвитку ОТГ, основою для створення позитивного іміджу і подальшого просування громади. Констатовано низьку затребуваність процедури ідентифікації ОТГ з боку органів місцевого самоврядування та відсутність відповідного організаційно-методичного контенту для її проведення.Запропоновано методичні підходи щодо ідентифікації ОТГ на основі уніфікованої адаптивної системи критеріїв. Результатом їх застосування має бути створення ідентифікаційного профілю громади, який відображає основні складові її унікальності та дозволяє динамічно оцінювати фактичні чи прогнозовані результати реалізації стратегії її розвитку, сприяючи їх подальшій успішній розбудові. Визначено етапи проведення ідентифікації об’єднаної територіальної громади, розкрито алгоритми здійснення їх основних процедур. Сформовано відкриту систему критеріїв ідентифікації об’єднаних територіальних громад, яка містить просторово-адміністративну, фінансово-бюджетну, соціальну та особливу складові. Наголошено, що остання група критеріїв визначає адаптивність системи, дозволяючи експертам додавати певні критерії, що відображають специфіку життєдіяльності громад відповідного регіону.На основі запропонованих методичних рекомендацій побудовано поточний ідентифікаційний профіль Білокуракинської ОТГ і в середньостроковій перспективі – її improve-ідентифікаційний профіль. Особливу складову сформував такий критерій, як «віддаленість ОТГ від лінії розмежування», який актуальний для Донецької та Луганської областей. Порівняння поточного та improve-ідентифікаційного профілів дозволило говорити про можливість отримання позитивного результату від реалізації стратегії розвитку ОТГ за базового сценарію, однак відзначено його недостатню ефективність. Запропоновано внесення певних коректив до затверджених програм розвитку громади, а також ініціювання нових проєктів у відповідності з визначеними проблемними питаннями.
DISCRETE NONLINEAR-PROBABILISTIC MODEL OF THE EQUIVALENT ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE OF A LAYER OF METAL GRANULES
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Shidlovska N.A. , Zakharchenko S.M. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

Two strategies for constructing nonlinear-probabilistic models of the equivalent electrical resistance of a layer of metal granules at their spark-erosion and plasma-erosion treatment and algorithms for their implementation are presented. A method for taking into account the parametric properties of such loads in their nonlinear and nonlinear-probabilistic models is described. Based on the data of direct experiments, the distributions of the electrical resistance of a layer of aluminum granules in tap water were obtained for eleven fixed values of the discharge current in it for both the leading and trailing edges of its pulses. The features of these distributions are described for different edges of the discharge current pulses. It has been proved that the obtained distributions can be adequately described by the normal law. The parameters of the normal law for each distribution obtained as a result of direct experiments are founded by the method of moments. A nonlinear-probabilistic model of the equivalent electrical resistance of a layer of aluminum granules in tap water is created, taking into account the main hysteresis of the dependence of resistance on current. It is shown that at large values of discharge currents, the nonlinear-probabilistic model of the equivalent electrical resistance of the layers of metal granules tends to degenerate into a nonlinear model. References 27, figures 4
THE INFLUENCE OF EXTRANEOUS SOURCES OF THERMAL ENERGY ON THERMAL STABILITY AND BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE OF ELECTRICAL INSULATION DURING ITS THERMAL BREAKDOWN
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine ", Vozhakov R. ,   Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute",   , pr. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Kyrylenko V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", pr. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of thermal breakdown of insulation of electrical and power equipment due to disturbance of its thermal balance. The analysis was performed within the simplest model of thermal breakdown while ignoring the temperature distribution in the insulation volume. Particular attention is paid to the influence of extraneous sources of thermal energy on the thermal stability and the breakdown voltage of the electrical insulation structure. From the heat balance equation and the condition of thermal balance disturbance between the total thermal power in the insulation and the heat transferred into the surroundings, have been found analytical expressions that take into account the influence of extraneous sources of thermal energy on the critical operating temperature and the breakdown voltage of the insulation. The influence of extraneous sources of thermal energy on the dependence of the breakdown voltage on the dielectric parameters and the cooling conditions was analyzed. It is shown that the breakdown voltage of the insulation decreases exponentially with the increase of the power of extraneous heat sources and the temperature coefficient of tgδ, as well as the deterioration of the heat transfer conditions. It is established that the critical dielectric losses in the insulation leading to the breakdown do not depend on the power of extraneous sources of thermal energy. It is proposed to increase the electrical insulation safety factor for breakdown strength relatived to its operating voltage, taking into account the extraneous sources of heat, to ensure the stability of insulation against thermal breakdown in the presence of extraneous sources of thermal energy. References 10, figures 3.
ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESONANT TYPE CONVERTER WITH METERED ENERGY TRANSMISSION
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Volkov I.V. , Podolny S.V. ,   Sentinel Power Quality FZE
Published: February 2021

This article investigated two cases of impulse transformer location selection in the DC-DC type two-step resonant converter, which fully segregates processes of taking and transferring energy between the input and its load. The electromagnetic processes during energy taking/transferring were studied, including active and static losses in the converter elements. Based on the suggested analytical-numerical method, the criteria for selecting the impulse transformer optimal transformation ratio, from the system efficiency point of view, was derived. The proposed optimization technique can be applied to a wide variety of input and output parameters. References 3, Figures 7.
Variation of craniometrical characters in an artificial population of Cervus nippon from Askania-Nova, Ukraine
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Smagol Viktoria , Smagol Vitaliy ,   Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine)
Published: February 2021

Craniometrical characters of adult sika deer from an artificial population, which was created by import of animals from a natural population from the Primorsky Krai of Russia, are analysed. It was revealed that the mean value of variation (by 11 characters) of skulls of sika deer is 3.56 ± 0.35 in males and 3.89 ± 0.33 in females. Males are significantly larger than females (p < 0.001) by all characters. The study of craniometrical characters of the sika deer using principal component analysis showed that 93.3 % of total variance is described by the first principal component (PC1). The highest, though quite equal, factor loadings on PC1 have characters of length (full length, condylobasal length, basic length). Study results suggest that sex-related differences in C. nippon by craniometrical characters are expressed by general linear dimensions and by proportions of the skull. The correlation matrix of craniometrical characters of adult sika deer from the Askanian subpopulation shows a relatively weak dependence between different parameters. It was established that the coefficient of correlation in most pairs of characters varies from 0.02 to 0.96 in males and from 0.01 to 0.97 in females. The highest coefficients of correlation in both males and females (r = 0.96 and r = 0.97, respectively) are revealed between the condylobasal and basal lengths of the skull. Correlations between cranial indices are significantly lower compared to craniometrical characters. The highest coefficient of correlation in both males and females has the variation of the index of mastoid width in relation to the relative largest skull width (r = 0.72). Skulls of sika deer from the Askanian subpopulation (of both males and females) have significantly larger dimensions compared to those in animals from the natural population from the Primorsky Krai.
The northernmost findings of the Alcathoe bat (Myotis alcathoe von Helversen & Heller, 2001) in Poland
Authors:   Forest District Międzylesie (Międzylesie, Poland), Kmiecik Paweł , Kmiecik Anna ,   Forest District Lądek (Strachocin, Poland), Furmankiewicz Joanna ,   Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław (Wrocław, Poland), Postawa Tomasz ,   Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences (Kraków, Poland), Wojtaszyn Grzegorz ,   Polish Society for Nature Protection ”Salamandra” (Poznań, Poland), Antczak Krzysztof ,   Forest District Potrzebowice (Wleń, Poland)
Published: February 2021

The Alcathoe bat Myotis alcathoe (von Helversen, Heller, 2001) is a newly described species of the cryptic complex of whiskered bat species living in sympatry across Europe. The habitats preferred by this species are natural, moist and deciduous forests with old trees and water streams. The majority of known locations of this species come from highlands, foothills and mountainous regions while practically not occurring in the lower elevations. They come mainly from cave areas, where bats were caught during autumn swarming, while records in other seasons are much less frequent. Currently, individual sites in Poland also come from lowlands, beyond the range of the mountains and uplands, which indicates a possible wider range of this species. The bats were captured using mist-nests in the Silesian Lowlands for three consecutive years (2013–2015). The localities were placed in various forest environments, ranging in elevation from 100 to 260 m a.s.l. Bats were initially identified based on morphological features, then the correctness of identification was confirmed by molecular methods. Two females and five males of Myotis alcathoe were captured into four new locations from the lowlands of Poland: Przemków, Głębowice, Chodlewo, and Dalkowskie Jary (Silesian Lowland). Old trees and a small watercourse were important elements in all these locations. Currently, these findings are the northernmost locations of the species in Poland and one of the northernmost locations in Central Europe. The latest findings of the species are located about 50 km to the south, but the vast majority of the rest of locations is from the foothills belt. This finding suggests that the species may inhabit regions much further north than previously suggested, and the limiting factor is the presence of old trees in wet environments.
Current state of the steppe marmot (Marmota bobak) population in Striltsivskyi Steppe (East of Ukraine)
Authors:   Luhansk Nature Reserve of NAS of Ukraine (Stanytsia Luhanska, Ukraine), Lazariev Denys
Published: February 2021

The Striltsivskyi Steppe Nature Reserve (with a total area of 522 hectares) was created in 1948 to preserve the steppe marmot population; however, according to the population state studies carried out in the course of the reserve operation, a decrease in the marmot population has been established. This article is aimed to provide current data related to the marmot population monitoring results. The author established the number of colonies as well as adult and this year’s individuals inhabiting the nature reserve territory in 2020. The author explored the structure of each colony’s site and studied their area, shape and number of permanent and temporary burrows to analyze the state of the population. Only a quarter of all colony sites located in the territory of the reserve can be characterized as permanent ones. According to the author, despite a slight increase in the number of colony sites in the northern part of the Kreydyanyi Ravine and slopes towards the Cherepakha River, the entire population tends to decline. A high level of age structure misbalance and pronounced population fragmentation are observed, which are more evident in the left-hand slope in the northern part of the Kreydyanyi Ravine and in the vicinity of the Zapovidna Balka, which characterizes the population state as unstable. Changes in the vegetation cover are the principal reasons for these processes: increased area occupied by bushes, high grass stand, dry grass residues and predators (foxes and domesticated dogs). It is possible to forecast that the number of steppe marmot will continue to fall due to the current state of the vegetation cover state and absence of large grazers. The state of colony sites improves in the territories of with cattle grazing and haymaking. The state of colony sites and number of individuals in the colonies improved to a certain degree in the slopes towards the Cherepakha River where cattle grazing was carried out. As many as four colonies were found there in 2018 while their number reached ten in 2020. Exclusively reserve status under the current steppe conditions without large grazers will fail to improve the marmot population. The author suggests carrying out such actions aimed to prevent the decrease in the number of marmot population in the nature reserve territory as introducing cattle grazing, haymaking in the territories of colony sites, removing high grass near permanent burrows and conducting ecology awareness-building campaigns among the local population to prevent illegal hunting.
Monitoring of the leopard seal population (Hydrurga leptonyx) in waters of the Argentine Islands (Ant-arctica)
Authors:   Ukrainian National Forestry University (Lviv, Ukraine), Khoyetskyy Pavlo B.
Published: February 2021

The state of the leopard seal population (Hydrurga leptonyx Blainville, 1828) in waters of the Argentine Islands was studied during the periods April 2015 — March 2016 and April 2018 — March 2019 according to the objectives of the State Target Scientific and Technical Research Programme of Ukraine in Antarctica for the period 2011–2020. During the study period, 14 males and 16 females were recorded within the archipelago (1M : 1.1F ratio). About 7 % of the seals were young individuals and more than 90% were adults. Leopard seals were recorded during all periods of the year. In the summer-autumn period, within the archipelago, there were 2 to 4 individuals simultaneously. The maximum period of stay of the predators in waters of the archipelago was about two weeks. Two individuals for at least two weeks were recorded twice in waters of the archipelago. The maximum period of absence of the seals in waters of the archipelago was 118 days. It was found that the occurrence of leopard seals and hence the traces of their life activities in various years were of different nature. In the autumn (April–May) of 2015, they were seen less frequently, on average every 6.3 ± 2.5 days, and in the autumn of 2018, on the contrary, more frequently, on average every 2.5 ± 0.5 days. The activity of the leopard seal in the winter (June, August) of 2015 decreased by half. It was recorded that the animals appeared in waters of the archipelago on average every 12.7 ± 5.5 days, and in the winter of 2018 — 5.5 ± 1.9 days. In the autumn of 2018, the predators and traces of their vital activities were seen less often — every 6.6 ± 1.6 days. During the study period, out of 78 recorded cases of the leopard seal’s occurrence, about 56 % of cases were recorded when they were on ice floes, in other cases (44 %) — when they were in water. In addition, several crabeater seals were recorded three times on an ice floe at an insignificant distance from a leopard seal. One of the main prey items for leopard seals within the archipelago are birds, in particular the gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), as well as crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus). The presence of two penguin colonies on Galindez Island attracts leopard seals to the archipelago. During the study period, successful leopard seal predation on penguins was recorded more than 20 times. Penguins were the most frequent prey of leopard seals in spring and summer, while crabeater seals in winter.
Zafry Zamzam, Pandangan Kebangsaan Antara Unitarisme Atau Federalisme Untuk Tatanan Kenegaraan Republik Indonesia
Authors: Zamzam Fazakkir , Hez Siti Frosidha , Faizatunniza Faizatunniza , Zamzam Fakhry
Published: February 2021

This research is aimed at reexamining the big ideas of the national warrior from Kalimantan, Zafry Zamzam, who has always been persistent in choosing Unitarism as the state administration of the Republic of Indonesia which he initiated since the Dutch and Japanese colonial times, to the beginning of independence in 1945. The hope is that he can refresh about who and how he did. This study used a qualitative approach, namely biogafi research conducted through library research and interviews with informants. Sources of data are taken from documentation, pages on the internet and informants from the Zafry Zamzam family. Zafry Zamzam, a religious national fighter from Kalimantan, is known as a multitalented figure; He has played many roles, starting as a Koran teacher in Surau, a People's School teacher, a journalist, a writer, a politician, a bureaucrat to an academician. In this research, in addition to exploring his views during the struggle which are still relevant to the current problem of national unity facing the Indonesian nation today. His view is that the constitutional form of the Republic of Indonesia which is in line with the spirit of the struggle for independence of the Indonesian nation is Unitarism in the form of a unitary republic of Indonesia, rather than choosing a federalist government system that divides power to the federal state.Keywords: Zafry Zamzam, State Administration, Unitarism and Federalism  AbstrakPenelitian ini ditujukan untuk menggali kembali gagasan besar pejuang nasional asal Kalimantan Zafry Zamzam, selalu gigih memilih Unitarisme sebagai ketatanegaraan Negara Republik Indonesia yang digagasnya sejak masa penjajah Belanda dan Jepang, hingga awal kemerdekaan 1945. Harapannya dapat menyegarkan kembali tentang siapa dan bagaimana sepak terjangnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu penelitian biografi yang dilakukan melalui library reseach dan wawancara kepada informan. Sumber data diambil dari dokumentasi, laman pada internet dan informan dari keluarga Zafry Zamzam. Zafry Zamzam, pejuang nasional agamis asal Kalimantan, dikenal sebagai sosok multitalenta; banyak peran dilakoninya mulai sebagai guru ngaji di surau, guru Sekolah Rakyat, jurnalis, sastrawan, politisi, birokrat hingga akademisi. Dalam penelitian ini disamping untuk menggali kembali tentang pandangannya selama perjuangan yang masih relevan dengan persoalan kesatuan bangsa yang sedang dihadapi bangsa Indonesia saat kini. Pandangannya bahwa bentuk ketatanegaraan Negara Republik Indonesia yang sejalan semangat perjuangan kemerdekaan bangsa Indonesia adalah Unitarisme dalam bentuk negara kesatuan republik Indonesia, daripada memilih sistem pemerintah federalisme yang membagi kekuasaan kepada negara federal.Kata Kunci: Zafry Zamzam, Tata Negara, Unitarisme dan Federalisme
Teoría sindémica como un enfoque para explicar la interacción entre problemas de salud pública
Authors: Quiroz Mena Silvia , Cañon Montañez Wilson
Published: February 2021

La teoría sindémica proporciona un marco innovador que permite comprender ¿por qué ciertos problemas de salud pública se concentran geográfica y temporalmente?, y ¿cómo estos problemas interactúan biológica y socialmente?, generando efectos nocivos en grupos vulnerables. Sin embargo, la evidencia empírica que pone a prueba esta teoría aún es escasa y la existente tiene ciertas limitaciones en el enfoque y medición de conceptos claves. Por este motivo, este artículo tiene como propósito generar una discusión sobre algunas implicaciones conceptuales y metodológicas del uso de la teoría sindémica. El correcto abordaje de la teoría sindémica permite direccionar futuras investigaciones en este tema y promueve su importancia para el estudio de problemas de salud en el contexto de Latinoamérica.
Pelos olhos da criança
Authors: Lourenço Rachel , Morais Jorge
Published: February 2021

Este artigo analisa a presença de ancestralidade, guerra e política na obra de Ondjaki, autor angolano contemporâneo, do ponto de vista das personagens infantis de cinco romances: Os da minha rua, AvóDezanove e o segredo do soviético, A bicicleta que tinha bigodes, Uma escuridão bonita, e Bom dia camaradas. A ancestralidade em Ondjaki remete à tradição de muitas sociedades africanas: os antepassados permanecem como parte da família e participam da vida cotidiana, mesmo após a morte. A guerra civil do país se mostra de maneira sutil e leve, inclusive com traços de humor. A política permeia o cotidiano das personagens, com a presença das forças do Estado e de estrangeiros (cubanos e russos, em sua maioria) atuando como militares, médicos e professores em Angola. Podemos concluir que o autor lida com esses conteúdos com grande sensibilidade e de maneira poética, apesar da complexidade de tais temas.
Linguagem mitopoética e reapresentação ética da história em Terra Sonâmbula, de Mia Couto
Authors: Nicoli Dias Fabiana , Simão Padilha Trefzger Fabíola
Published: February 2021

Propõe-se, neste artigo, o exame da linguagem mitopoética enquanto alternativa esteticamente ética para a recriação ficcional da realidade histórica de guerra civil moçambicana em Terra Sonâmbula (1992), de Mia Couto. Com o fito de alcançar nosso objetivo, partimos da definição de mitopoética, de Eleazar Mielietinski (1987), e dos estudos sobre a história, considerando ainda sua interface com a literatura e suas implicações éticas e estéticas conforme postulados de Theodor W. Adorno (1993), Walter Benjamin (1994) e Michel de Certeau (1982). A poética do mito é constituída, no romance, como linguagem avessa à concepção positivista de história evolutiva por colaborar para a articulação e o confronto entre mito e história, oralidade e escrita, poesia e prosa e língua portuguesa e línguas moçambicanas em prol da construção de uma narrativa que recria os mundos sobrepostos da Moçambique pós-independência.
Autoritarismo, violencia y élites en Nicaragua. Reflexiones sobre la crisis (2018-2019)
Authors: Monte Antonio , Gómez Juan Pablo
Published: February 2021

La crisis nicaragüense demanda una interrogación del autoritarismo en su larga duración. Al respecto, en este artículo reflexionamos en torno a dos problemáticas: la primera es que las genealogías de autoridad conducen reiteradamente al fracaso de la política y, consecuentemente, al recurso de la violencia; la segunda es la significativa contribución de las élites a la persistencia del autoritarismo, ya sea cooptando el funcionamiento democrático de las instituciones o bien reforzando una cultura de pactos evidente en contextos de crisis y transición política. Un futuro políticamente sostenible pasa por cuestionar la esencia de la política, tal y como la hemos elaborado social y culturalmente.
¿Campaña del miedo? Agenda temática y opinión pública en las elecciones presidenciales del 2014 en Costa Rica
Authors: Fuchs Gustavo
Published: February 2021

Este artículo exploratorio examina, a partir de las premisas teóricas de agenda-setting y por medio del análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de contenido, la cobertura de la campaña electoral del 2014 en los principales medios de comunicación del país –el diario La Nación y el noticiero Telenoticias– para mostrar que la selección temática hecha por ambos medios dio preeminencia a temáticas subjetivas, claves para entender los resultados de la primera ronda electoral durante las elecciones presidenciales del 2014.

 

Palabras claves: Agenda-setting, elecciones, La Nación, Teletica, opinión pública.
Centroamérica: El apoyo oscilante a democracias en convulsión entre 1996 y 2018
Authors: Velásquez Pérez Luis Guillermo
Published: February 2021

Se presenta un análisis sobre las actitudes políticas hacia la democracia que el proyecto de opinión pública “Latinobarómetro” ha registrado entre 1996 y 2018 en Centroamérica. Este estudio está dividido en tres partes: la discusión teórica y documental, el análisis de las actitudes políticas con apoyo de herramientas estadísticas y la discusión de los resultados. En la primera se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre cultura política y democratización en la región y posteriormente se fundamenta la categoría conceptual que se escogió para comprender las repuestas de los centroamericanos respecto a la democracia como forma de gobierno; en la segunda se realiza una descripción general de lo que nos permite observar las series de tiempo desde una perspectiva general y logarítmica; así como la interpretación de los resultados que se obtuvieron de la aplicación de la prueba de Raíz Unitaria para identificar el grado de autocorrelación y de la herramienta de previsión de Microsoft Excel para realizar los pronósticos de los años 2019, 2020, 2021 y 2022; y, finalmente, en la tercera parte se analizan desde una narrativa conclusiva los resultados que se obtuvieron del análisis realizado y de las pruebas aplicadas.

 

Palabras clave: Cultura política, democracia, autoritarismo, actitudes políticas, crisis cíclicas, series de tiempo.
Un viaje de ida y vuelta. Diálogos entre Alejandro Joseph de Guelle y James Cook
Authors: Cervera Molina Ana E.
Published: February 2021

El siglo XVIII fue un momento complicado en la historia centroamericana. En Europa; Inglaterra y España se vieron envueltas en una larga guerra por el control de los territorios americanos que se tradujo en la firma de pactos controversiales en las cortes reales. El espacio límite ubicado entre la parte occidental de la Península de Yucatán y lo que es ahora el norte de Belice fue un lugar en disputa con dos destacados actores políticos: Alejandro Joseph de Guelle y James Cook. Ambos viajaron de ida y vuelta desde Mérida hasta el Walix y gracias a eso, contribuyeron a construir este espacio en nuestro imaginario como un lugar histórico con implicaciones políticas como territorio de frontera.
La resolución de conflictos territoriales. El caso del Proceso de Conciliación Belice-Guatemala (2000-2020)
Authors: Shoman Assad
Published: February 2021

Guatemala y Gran Bretaña firmaron un tratado de límites en 1859 que delimita la frontera entre el entonces asentamiento de Belice y Guatemala, pero una disputa sobre la implementación de una cláusula en el tratado resultó irresoluble, y en la década de 1940 Guatemala declaró nulo el tratado y reclamó todo el territorio de Belice. Los intentos de Gran Bretaña y más tarde de Belice (que se independizó en 1981) para resolver la disputa fueron infructuosos. En 2000, Belice y Guatemala crearon y ejecutaron un Proceso de Facilitación para resolver la disputa bajo los auspicios de la OEA. Los Facilitadores lograron elaborar propuestas acordadas por ambos países, pero Guatemala luego renegó y se negó a cumplir. Pero los Facilitadores también propusieron que, si sus propuestas no eran aceptadas, las partes acordaron presentar la disputa a la CIJ. Cómo se logró esto finalmente en 2019 es el tema de este artículo.
NORM BASIS FOR CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPECIFIC WORKABILITY OF 11-12-YEAR-OLD CYCLISTS
Authors: Kolev Ivan
Published: February 2021

The development of norms base is one of the most important conditions for optimization of sport straining process. While the factor weights allow optimization of the training process in a strategic aspect (depending on the importance of the individual performance indexes), the evaluation of the results through normative tables allows for tactical (current) optimization of the training, depending on the current level of preparedness. The aim of the following study is to optimize the training process of 11-12-year-old cyclists by development of norms base for control of physical development and cyclists’ specific workability.
SPECIALIZED FITNESS PROGRAM WITH SWISS BALLS TO DEVELOP PHISICAL QUALITIES FOR STUDENTS
Authors: Lapadatov Lyuben , Dyakova Galina , Gocheva Nela , Stoycheva Petya , Andreev Tihomir
Published: February 2021

An experiment has been carried out with 64 students in the first and second courses of all specialties of the Faculty of Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the Thracian University of Stara Zagora. The purpose of this investigation isto improve the physical qualities of femalestudents through a specialized fitness program. Theoretical analysis, Pedagogical experiment, Sports-pedagogical testing, Pedagogical observation, Variation analysis, Graphical analysis and Comparative analysis have been applied to achieve the objective of the study. The results of the specialized swiss ball fitness program show an increase in physical qualities and anthropometric measurements. The results of our analysis indicate that the research is successful, the fitness program developed is effective and it gives us reason to believe that the inclusion of systemic Swiss ball exercises in the physical education and sport curriculum at the higher school will have a positive effect on physical qualities of the female students.
Development of an environmentally-durable, low-friction coating
Authors: Farrar-Gaines Dawnielle , Maisano Adam , Freeman Adam , Xia Zhiyong , LaBarre Erin , Watson Gary , Dawib Yousef
Published: February 2021

In this communication, we highlight the development of a new coating that offers environmental durability and low-friction characteristics by exploiting the low interfacial bond strength of fillers with lamellar structures. The water-based coating has low volatile organic compound (VOC) content (< 50 g/L), offers the ability to be pigmented, demonstrates resilience against accelerated aging exposures, and exhibits even lower friction with extended weathering. The low-friction coating provides a simple method for modifying surface properties, and has the potential to complement Jersey walls by inhibiting vertical climb and thus decreasing the probability of vehicular roll-over upon impact.

Graphic Abstract
Maternal solitude before the new guidelines in SARS-COV-2 times: a Brazilian cutting
Authors: Paixão Gilvânia Patrícia do Nascimento , Campos Luana Moura , Carneiro Jordana Brock , Fraga Chalana Duarte de Sena
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Aim To reflect on the lonely experience of women during the pregnancy-puerperal cycle in times of pandemic by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Method Theoretical-reflective study on the new Brazilian guidelines for care for women during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum in times of Covid-19 and its influence on the exacerbation of maternal loneliness. The discussion about the transformations of women in this period refers to Maldonado's studies. Results Motherhood is a lonely process for women. The new technical norms that are in force bring important changes in the assistance to this cycle, mainly with regard to the importance of social distance, which intensifies the feeling of loneliness and helplessness. Final considerations This reflection can guide health professionals, especially the work of nurses in the scope of obstetrics, so that during the assistance to women in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle, they pay attention to the subtlety of feelings of loneliness that can interfere with maternal well-being fetal.
Working conditions of Nursing professionals in coping with the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Backes Marli Terezinha Stein , Higashi Giovana Dorneles Callegaro , Damiani Pattrícia da Rosa , Mendes Janifer Souza , Sampaio Lucimar de Souza , Soares Gustavo Lopes
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Objective To trigger a reflection on the current working conditions of Nursing professionals in coping with the Covid-19 pandemic. Method A theoretical-reflective study supported by studies from the Marxist perspective, national and international scientific articles, and official documents from the World Health Organization and the Federal Nursing Council. Results The daily work of Nursing professionals in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic presents unfavorable working conditions in Brazil and worldwide, with emphasis on the deficit of professionals, overload of activities, low pay, and personal protective equipment, often insufficient and inadequate, conditions that can lead to exhaustion, illness and death. Conclusion This study can contribute to raising discussions about the need for improvements in the working conditions of Nursing professionals, especially in pandemic times and the impact on the health of these professionals.
The Impact of the Value-Added Tax Rate on the Entrepreneurial Behavior Model (On the Example of Palm Oil Importers)
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Lozhnikova Anna V. , Bogdanov Aleksandr L. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Vayderova Tatiana G. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Spivakova Larisa N. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Yakubovich Elena V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the problem of the reducing life quality of Russians in the new conditions of the market economy. The Russian phenomenon of the use of “palm oil” as a priority raw material in food production is analyzed against the decrease in its use in the EU countriesand against the expansion of the daily diet of the Chinese due to increased dairy food consumption. Opposing points of view of key industry associations (the Dairy Union of Russia and the Fat and Oil Union of Russia) have been identified and are presented in the context of palm oil use in dairy food production. The results of a statistical study of the demand for palm oil from Russian importers against the background of an increase in the value-added tax rate from 10 to 20% in October 2019 are presented. The data of customs statistics on palm oil imports were analyzed in the context of countries of origin, nine codes of the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity, months and years within the five-year period of 2016–2020, as well as in the context of the importing regions of Russia. The results of statistical processing of data by the Federal Customs Service revealed no effect of the sharp increase in the VAT rate on the volume of palm oil imports. The analysis of foreign statistics revealed a significant presence of actors in the chemical industry among transnational companies that are the largest consumers of palm oil. The model of entrepreneurial behavior based on consumption in palm oil production, formed and widely spread in the Russian food industry market, is criticized. 98% of palm oil and its fractions imported into Russia goes to the needs of food industry enterprises, and the authors consider that the foreign ownership of these enterprises plays an important role. In the authors’ opinion, in many respects, the latter fact determined our country’s ranking first in the food chemistry sector in the distribution of published patent applications by technology field for the top 10 origins in 2014–2016. In this respect, Russia is far ahead of China, the USA, Japan, South Korea, Germany, the UK,France, and Switzerland. In China, systematic research is being carried out on the ratio of palm oil use in the food (primarily, instant noodles, other fast food) and non-food (chemical industry, including cosmetics production) sectors.
Forming an Adaptive Methodology for Regional Development in the Context of the Smart City Concept
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University (Volgograd, Russian Federation), Akimova Olga E. , Volkov Sergey K. ,   Volgograd State Technical University (Volgograd, Russian Federation), Kuzlaeva Irina M. ,   Guarantee Fund of Volgograd Region (Volgograd, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

In the face of the uncertainty and instability of the external economic and geopolitical environment, Russian regions face the urgent task of forming an effective model of territorial development to ensure sustainable economic growth and improve the quality of life. The concept “smart city” is widely spread not only in academic and expert circles, but also in the sphere of practical application and implementation in the social and economic life of modern regions as a promising development model. The authors aim to substantiate the theoretical and methodological provisions and tools of the adaptive methodology of modern regional development in the transition to the concept of smart city. Dialectical and system approaches, general scientific methods of retrospective, situational, comparative, factor analysis, content analysis of scientific literature, economic-statistical, comparative, analytical methods of research were used to achieve the aim and solve the problems. The research approach is based on the theoretical and methodological provisions and tools of the adaptive methodology of modern regional development in conditions of transition to the concept of smart city. The focal point of the smart city concept is people – involved subjects interested in applying this concept in solving local problems. The ability to conceptually connect different spheres of life of the population, business units and representatives of public administration depends on the level (strategic, tactical, operative) and methods of their mutual communication, information and experience exchange, innovativeness. A reasonable approach should result in a balanced and functional decision for the given task. Then the main tool of the intellectual approach is a transparent and open information platform, and the main tool is an open and highly effective communication at the level of social dialogue between all involved urban development participants. The authors conclude that the smart city is a future challenge, a model of a city where technology serves people and improves the quality of their economic and social life. At the same time, decisions made in smart cities are not limited to technology, but require active involvement of the population in “smart development”. Besides, it is necessary to understand that there is no reference model of “smart city” development, each individual case requires an individual approach.
Penerapan Metode Inkuiri Terbimbing untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa
Authors: Saptaputra Bambang Wahyu
Published: February 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat dari hasil penerapan metode inkuiri terbimbing pada mata pelajaran Fisika dengan subbab konsep gerak pada peningkatan hasil belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah classroom action research (penelitian tindakan kelas), dengan subjek penelitian yaitu siswa kelas X-A2 di SMK Negeri 7 Bandung, yang berjumlah 32 orang siswa. Tindakan yang direncanakan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dalam tiga siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 4 tahapan, yaitu: perencanaan (planning), pelaksanaan tindakan (acting), pengamatan (observation), dan refleksi (reflecting).Berdasarkan hasil observasi/ pengamatan dari observer, dapat disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas siswa pada proses pembelajaran siklus 1, masih dalam katagori cukup (23), dan diharapkan ada perbaikan dan kenaikan yang signifikan pada siklus ke 2. Berdasarkan tindakan yang dilaksanakan pada siklus II, terjadi peningkatan pada situasi pembelajaran dan hasil belajar siswa baik pada proses pembelajaran maupun akhir pelajaran yaitu Hasil belajar yang diperoleh siswa melalu tes tertulis pada akhir pelajaran untuk siklus I terdapat 25 siswa (78,13%) yang telah mencapai ketuntasan belajar dan masih terdapat 7 siswa (21,87%) yang belum mencapai ketuntasan belajar.Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa peserta didik dapat mengoptimalkan kemampuan mentalnya untuk beraktivitas, belajar dalam suasana yang kondusif,aktif serta penuh kebersamaan, yang pada gilirannya membantu siswa mencapai ketuntasan belajar pada materi gerak.
Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Berbasis Potensi Wilayah di Ciamis, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Authors: Syarifah Liah Siti , Kurniatun Taufani Chusnul , Permana Johar
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan penyelenggaraan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Kabupaten Ciamis dikaitkan dengan potensi unggulan wilayah di daerah tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis deskriptif. Adapun data yang digunakan berupa data primer dan sekunder. Data primer didapatkan melalui wawancara dengan guru di SMKN 1 Cipaku dan data sekunder berupa dokumen SMK Sekabupaten Ciamis dari Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Ciamis, laporan potensi ekonomi Kabupaten Ciamis tahun 2015 dari Badan Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Ciamis dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Kabupaten Ciamis memiliki potensi unggulan wilayah pada sektor pertanian dan industri pengolahan, namun hanya ada 14 jurusan yang termasuk kelompok Agribisnis dan Agroteknologi di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan dan jumlah siswanya hanya mencapai 4% dari keseluruhan jumlah siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Kabupaten Ciamis. Dengan demikian pemerintah setempat perlu mengadakan evaluasi tentang relevansi bidang keahlian Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan dengan potensi unggulan wilayah (baik dari segi kualitas maupun kuantitas). Dan kedepannya perlu ada usaha yang tepat dari sekolah dan pemerintah untuk meyakinkan siswa dan masyarakat bahwa sekolah menengah kejuruan bidang agribisnis dan agroteknologi sangat penting dan memiliki prospek yang bagus di masa depan.
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Siswa melalui Strategi Pembelajaran Quantum Teaching dengan Media Tuas
Authors: Budiarti Tita Rustika
Published: February 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran fisika dengan menerapkan strategi pembelajaran Quantum Teaching dengan media seperangkat tuas,dan untuk mengetahui besarnya peningkatan prestasi belajarmelalui strategi pembelajaran Quantum Teaching dengan media tuas. Penelitiantindakankelasinisubjeksiswakelas VIIIA denganjumlahsiswa 32 orang. Penelitian tindakan kelas dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus.Pada Siklus I interaksi dan diskusi antar anggota kelompok belum maksimal, tetapi dengan bimbingan guru secara bergantian pada masing–masing kelompok, pada Siklus II interaksi dan diskusi dapat berjalan lebih maksimal.Hasil dari penelitian ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya aktivitas siswa 77,41% pada Siklus I dan 87,10% pada Siklus II. Hasil belajar siswa 70,96% pada Siklus I dan 90,32% pada Siklus II. Respon siswa 77,41% pada Siklus I dan 90,32% pada Siklus II.
Pengembangan Modul Elektronik Berbasis POEI (Prediksi, Observasi, Ekperimen, Interpretasi) pada Mata Kuliah Fisika Teknik
Authors: Sari Dewi Puspita
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menghasilkan Media Pembelajaran Dalam Bentuk E-Modul Berbasis POEI (Prediksi, Observasi, Ekperimen, Interpretasi) Pada Mata Kuliah Fisika Teknik yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Prosedur pengembangan terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: Define (Pendefinisian), Design (Perencanaan), Develop (Pengembangan) dan Desseminate (Penyebarluasan). Kevalidan modul elektronik fisika teknikdilihat dari hasil validasi materi dan media. Skor aktual yang didapatkan dari validasi materi adalah 80% dan ini masuk kategori valid. Kemudian untuk validasi media skor aktual yang didapatkan adalah 86,36% dan ini termasuk kedalam kategori sangat valid. Kepraktisan modul elektronik fisika teknikdapat dilihat dari hasil angket small group dan hasil angket field test denganrata-rata persentase skor angket untuk tahapuji cobas mall group dan uji lapangan (field test) adalah 80,25%, termasuk dalam kategori praktis. Sedangkan untuk efek potensial dilihat dari hasil pre test dan post test. Rata-rata nilai mahasiswa pada saat pre test yaitu 61,36 dan pada saat post test nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh yaitu 89,09. Berdasarkan klasifikasi nilai gain maka efektifitas dari pengembangan modul elektronik fisika teknikini termasuk dalam kategori “tinggi” dengan nilai gain 0,71. Dari hasil tersebut dapat dikatakan bahwa modul elektronik berbasis POEI tergolong efektif.
Faktor Internal Pencapaian Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Jasmani pada Siswa SMK
Authors: Friskawati Gita Febria , Sobarna Akhmad
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui empat faktor internal yang terdiri dari IQ, Bakat, Minat dan Motivasi dalam keberhasilan proses pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani kesehatan dan olahraga pada siswa kelas XI SMK PUSDIKHUB-AD Cimahi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI yang ada di SMK PUSDIKHUB-AD Cimahi sebanyak 190 siswa yang diambil secara total sampling. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa faktor internal dalam keberhasilan proses pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani kesehatan dan olahraga pada siswa kelas XI SMK PUSDIKHUB-AD Cimahi sebagai berikut: (1) Faktor IQ (17%), (2) Faktor Bakat (27%), (3) Faktor Minat (29%), (4) Faktor Motivasi 27%. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa yang memberikan konstribusi terbesar ialah faktor minat sebesar 29%, dan faktor dengan kontribusi paling kecil yaitu faktor IQ sebesar 17%. Maka dapat disimpulkan, faktor minatlah yang dominan dalam pencapaian hasil belajar pendidikan jasmani kesehatan dan olahraga. Saran yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah lebih meningkatkan lagi minat siswa untuk belajar penjas agar pencapaian hasil belajar penjas bisa tercapai dengan baik.