bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The interactive relationship of dietary choline and betaine with physical activity on circulating creatine kinase (CK), metabolic and glycemic markers, and anthropometric characteristics in physically active young individuals
Authors: Soleimani Ensiye , Ardekani Abnoos Mokhtari , Fayyazishishavan Ehsan , Farhangi Mahdieh Abbasalizad
Published: July 2023

Background

There is conflicting evidence on the relationship between dietary choline and betaine with metabolic markers and anthropometric characteristics. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the interaction effects of dietary choline and betaine and physical activity (PA) on circulating creatine kinase (CK), metabolic and glycemic markers, and anthropometric characteristics in active youth.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 120 to 18 to 35-year-old people. The food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary data; United States Department of Agriculture website was used to calculate choline and betaine in foods. CK, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid profile markers were measured with ELISA kits. Low-density lipoprotein, and insulin sensitivity markers were calculated. Sociodemographic status, physical activity, and anthropometric characteristics were assessed based on a valid and reliable method. Analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) tests adjusted for sex, PA, age, energy, and body mass index were used.

Results

Increasing dietary betaine and total choline and betaine was positively related to weight, waist-to-hip ratio, fat-free mass and bone mass (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary betaine lowered total cholesterol (P = 0.032) and increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.049). The interaction effect of dietary choline and physical activity improved insulin resistance (P < 0.05). As well as dietary betaine interacted with physical activity increased HDL (P = 0.049). In addition, dietary total choline and betaine interacted with physical activity decreased FBS (P = 0.047).

Conclusions

In general, increasing dietary choline and betaine along with moderate and high physical activity improved insulin resistance, increased HDL, and lowered FBS in the higher tertiles of dietary choline and betaine.
Palatal approach for surgical removal of mesioangularly impacted maxillary third molar - a pilot study
Authors: Sun Rui , Sun Yu-qi , Cai Yu , Zhao Jihong
Published: July 2023

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the application of the palatal approach for surgical removal of IMTM, and to evaluate its success rate, surgical duration, postoperative outcomes, and incidence of complications.

Method

Patients with mesioangularly IMTM (Archer Classification Class B) in the none-buccal position to the adjacent second molar, which were indicated for surgical removal, were enrolled in this study. The patients were assigned into two groups according to the surgical approach: the buccal or palatal approach. The impacted tooth positions, diagnosis, past dental and medical history, and radiographic examination were recorded pre-operatively. The duration, surgery details, and surgical complications were documented during the surgery.

Result

40 teeth were enrolled in our study. All teeth were removed completely. The operation time was significantly shorter in the palatal approach group compared to the buccal approach group (13.3 ± 2.8 min vs. 22.3 ± 5.5 min,P<0.001). The incidence of traumatic ulcers of the lips was significantly higher in the buccal approach group than in the palatal approach group (7/20 vs. 0/20,P = 0.008).

Conclusion

It is more efficient to perform surgery with a palatal approach if a Class B mesioangularly IMTM is located in the non-buccal aspect of the adjacent second molar.

Clinical trial registration number

ChiCTR2000040063
Implementation of mind mapping with problem-based learning in prosthodontics course for Chinese dental students
Authors: Yan Yang , Yuehong Wang , Kun Li , Hongbo Zhou , Hongyu Zhang , Yingming Yang , Zhili Zhao
Published: July 2023

Background

The traditional Chinese dentistry classroom teaching model focuses on the instruction of knowledge details, but less on the frameworks and learners’ motivation. Here, we introduced a combination of mind mapping and PBL instruction (MBL)into the prosthodontics course for Chinese dental students. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of MBL in prosthodontics and make observations from the students’ perspectives, based on their response with the learning process.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 56 fourth-year undergraduates of stomatology, and these participants were randomly allocated into either the combined mind map teaching group (MBL) or the problem-based learning group (PBL) to attend the prosthodontics course. An anonymous questionnaire was also administered to both groups to evaluate the students’ perceptions and experiences, using closed and open-ended items. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Results

The students’ responses to closed items indicate their experience in PBL and MBL to be positive, including increased motivation, improved memory of knowledge, enhanced discipline connection and raised teamwork, with fairly higher ratings for the MBL group. However, the tutor-guided competence scores including the memory and framework part, were significantly higher for MBL group than PBL group (two-way ANOVA, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). Meanwhile, the self-perceived competence scores including the motivation, framework and teamwork part, were significantly higher for MBL group than PBL group (two-way ANOVA, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.05, respectively).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that MBL teaching approach can help in integration of knowledge structure and enhance clinical reasoning. MBL is an effective and well-organized method in prosthodontics course for dental students.
Effects of chiropractic use on medical healthcare utilization and costs in adults with back pain in Ontario, Canada from 2003 to 2018: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Wong Jessica J. , Lu Mindy , Côté Pierre , Watson Tristan , Rosella Laura C.
Published: July 2023

Background

Adults with back pain commonly consult chiropractors, but the impact of chiropractic use on medical utilization and costs within the Canadian health system is unclear. We assessed the association between chiropractic utilization and subsequent medical healthcare utilization and costs in a population-based cohort of Ontario adults with back pain.

Methods

We conducted a population-based cohort study that included Ontario adult respondents of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) with back pain from 2003 to 2010 (n = 29,475), followed up to 2018. The CCHS data were individually-linked to individual-level health administrative data up to 2018. Chiropractic utilization was self-reported consultation with a chiropractor in the past 12 months. We propensity score-matched adults with and without chiropractic utilization, accounting for confounders. We evaluated back pain-specific and all-cause medical utilization and costs at 1- and 5-year follow-up using negative binomial and linear (log-transformed) regression, respectively. We assessed whether sex and prior specialist consultation in the past 12 months were effect modifiers of the association.

Results

There were 6972 matched pairs of CCHS respondents with and without chiropractic utilization. Women with chiropractic utilization had 0.8 times lower rate of cause-specific medical visits at follow-up than those without chiropractic utilization (RR5years = 0.82, 95% CI 0.68-1.00); this association was not found in men (RR5years = 0.96, 95% CI 0.73–1.24). There were no associations between chiropractic utilization and all-cause physician visits, all-cause emergency department visits, all-cause hospitalizations, or costs. Effect modification of the association between chiropractic utilization and cause-specific utilization by prior specialist consultation was found at 1-year but not 5-year follow-up; cause-specific utilization at 1 year was lower in adults without prior specialist consultation only (RR1year = 0.74, 95% CI 0.57–0.97).

Conclusions

Among adults with back pain, chiropractic use is associated with lower rates of back pain-specific utilization in women but not men over a 5-year follow-up period. Findings have implications for guiding allied healthcare delivery in the Ontario health system.
Learn from the best hospitals: a comparison of the mission, vision and values
Authors: Qin Xiaoping , Wang Bing-Long , Zhao Jinhong , Wu Peixin , Liu Tingfang
Published: July 2023

Background

The hospital’s mission, vision, and values are the core of the hospital’s culture and the most profound expression of the hospital’s culture. Although there have been many comparative studies on the mission, vision and values of organizations in the past, there have been few studies on the mission, vision and values of hospitals in the healthcare field. The purpose is to understand how the world’s top hospitals develop the use of mission, vision and values in their “day-to-day management” and this may help other hospitals to develop their mission, vision and value effectively.

Methods

This paper collects and discusses the approaches of the world’s top five hospitals in mission, vision and value through a qualitative analysis method. Documents for the study were collected from the publicly available information of the five hospitals, including their websites, annual reports, and relevant academic literature published in English on Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science.

Results

These five hospitals have similarities and differences in the development of their missions, visions and values, which are worthy of study by other hospitals. The setting of a mission is a useful reflection of the hospital’s focus and direction showing the social responsibility and sustainability of the hospital. The development of a vision has a guiding role in the equity and development of patients and employees and can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of hospital management and ensure the quality of services. The elaboration of values can greatly help hospitals to develop strategic plans and improve daily management.

Conclusion

The top five hospitals in the world have several common valuable cultures in their missions, visions, and values, regardless of the properties of the hospitals or their management models. In addition, each hospital also has some enlightening descriptions that reflect their particularities.
Current coffee consumption is associated with decreased striatal dopamine transporter availability in Parkinson’s disease patients and healthy controls
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhou Cheng , Guo Tao , Jiaerken Yeerfan , Yang Siyu , Xu Xiaopei , Hu Ling , Huang Peiyu , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Minming
Published: July 2023

Background

Coffee is the most widely consumed psychostimulant worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that coffee consumption habit significantly reduces the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the effect of coffee consumption on nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration is still largely unknown. We therefore aim to investigate the role of coffee consumption in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration using dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging in PD and healthy controls (HC).

Methods

A total of 138 PD patients and 75 HC with questionnaires about coffee consumption, and DAT scans were recruited from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative cohort. Demographic, clinical, and striatal DAT characteristics were compared across subgroups of current, former, and never coffee consumers in PD and HC, respectively. Furthermore, partial correlation analyses were performed to determine whether there was a relationship between coffee cups consumed per day and striatal DAT characteristics in each striatal region. In addition, the factors that may have influenced the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons were included in multiple linear regression analyses to identify significant contributing factors to DAT availability in each striatal region.

Results

PD patients had lower DAT availability in each striatal region than HC (p < 0.001). In PD patients, there were significant differences in DAT availability in the caudate (p = 0.008, Bonferroni corrected) across three PD subgroups. Specifically, post hoc tests showed that current coffee consumers had significantly lower DAT availability in the caudate than former coffee consumers (p = 0.01) and never coffee consumers (p = 0.022). In HC, there were significant differences in DAT availability in the caudate (p = 0.031, Bonferroni uncorrected) across three HC subgroups. Specifically, post hoc tests showed that current coffee consumers had significantly lower DAT availability in the caudate than former coffee consumers (p = 0.022). Moreover, correlation analysis revealed that cups per day were negatively correlated with DAT availability in the caudate in current consumers of PD patients (r =  − 0.219, p = 0.047). In addition, multiple linear regression analyses showed that current coffee consumption remained an independent predictor of decreased DAT availability in the caudate in PD patients and HC.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that current coffee consumption is associated with decreased striatal DAT availability in the caudate. However, the effects of caffeine on striatal DAT may fade and disappear after quitting coffee consumption.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01141023.
Ten years of implementation outcomes research: a scoping review
Authors: Proctor Enola K. , Bunger Alicia C. , Lengnick-Hall Rebecca , Gerke Donald R. , Martin Jared K. , Phillips Rebecca J. , Swanson Julia C.
Published: July 2023

Background

Proctor and colleagues’ 2011 paper proposed a taxonomy of eight implementation outcomes and challenged the field to address a research agenda focused on conceptualization, measurement, and theory building. Ten years later, this paper maps the field’s progress in implementation outcomes research. This scoping review describes how each implementation outcome has been studied, research designs and methods used, and the contexts and settings represented in the current literature. We also describe the role of implementation outcomes in relation to implementation strategies and other outcomes.

Methods

Arksey and O’Malley’s framework for conducting scoping reviews guided our methods. Using forward citation tracing, we identified all literature citing the 2011 paper. We conducted our search in the Web of Science (WOS) database and added citation alerts sent to the first author from the publisher for a 6-month period coinciding with the WOS citation search. This produced 1346 titles and abstracts. Initial abstract screening yielded 480 manuscripts, and full-text review yielded 400 manuscripts that met inclusion criteria (empirical assessment of at least one implementation outcome).

Results

Slightly more than half (52.1%) of included manuscripts examined acceptability. Fidelity (39.3%), feasibility (38.6%), adoption (26.5%), and appropriateness (21.8%) were also commonly examined. Penetration (16.0%), sustainability (15.8%), and cost (7.8%) were less frequently examined. Thirty-two manuscripts examined implementation outcomes not included in the original taxonomy. Most studies took place in healthcare (45.8%) or behavioral health (22.5%) organizations. Two-thirds used observational designs. We found little evidence of progress in testing the relationships between implementation strategies and implementation outcomes, leaving us ill-prepared to know how to achieve implementation success. Moreover, few studies tested the impact of implementation outcomes on other important outcome types, such as service systems and improved individual or population health.

Conclusions

Our review presents a comprehensive snapshot of the research questions being addressed by existing implementation outcomes literature and reveals the need for rigorous, analytic research and tests of strategies for attaining implementation outcomes in the next 10 years of outcomes research.
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone after induction chemoimmunotherapy for stage III NSCLC patients who did not undergo surgery: a single institution retrospective study
Authors: Guan Song , Ren Kai , Zhang Xuyu , Yan Meng , Li Xue , Zhao Lujun
Published: July 2023

Background

With remarkable success and few side effects, induction chemoimmunotherapy has been used to improve the prognosis of patients with resectable or potentially resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), even in stage III disease. However, for patients who are medically inoperable, unresectable or refuse surgery after induction chemoimmunotherapy, it is unclear whether patients should be treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) or radiotherapy (RT) alone considering patient safety and tolerability. This study aimed to determine whether cCRT is safe and superior to RT alone after chemoimmunotherapy for stage III NSCLC.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with stage III NSCLC who received chemoimmunotherapy followed by cCRT/RT alone without surgery at Tianjin Cancer Hospital between November 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into two groups: induction chemoimmunotherapy followed by cCRT (cCRT cohort) or RT alone (RT alone cohort). Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were adopted to estimate risk factors for PFS.

Results

Sixty-five patients were included, with 44 (67.7%) received RT alone and 21 (32.3%) received cCRT. Patients in the cCRT group had significantly prolonged PFS (HR = 0.155, p = 0.004), LPFS (HR = 0.225, p = 0.029) and DMFS (HR = 0.028, p = 0.006) than those in the RT alone group. Albeit nonsignificant, a trend toward improved OS (HR = 0.030, p = 0.069) was also observed in the cCRT group. The multivariate analysis further confirmed that cCRT (HR = 0.141, p = 0.008) was the independent factor for promoting a favorable PFS. Treatment-related adverse events were similar between groups (p > 0.05). Patients with consolidation immunotherapy exhibited a trend of improved PFS (HR = 0.398, p = 0.274) and numerically better OS (HR = 0.018, p = 0.209) compared with those without.

Conclusions

For patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC, cCRT following chemoimmunotherapy appears to be safe and may prolong survival compared with radiotherapy alone. Further investigations on the combination of chemoimmunotherapy and CRT are warranted.
What is the awareness of rare diseases among medical students? A survey in Bulgaria
Authors: Hristova-Atanasova Eleonora , Iskrov Georgi , Atanasov Ivan , Genc Atilla , Stefanov Rumen
Published: July 2023

Background

Rare diseases (RDs) are life-threatening or chronically debilitating and offer a high level of complexity. The aim of this study is to assess medical students’ knowledge and awareness of RDs as well as their perceptions of potential measures to boost training in RDs. The cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria, in 2019. The questionnaire contained 12 questions, divided into three main categories: (1) sociodemographic profile; (2) knowledge and awareness of RDs; and (3) attitudes about potential measures to improve training in RDs.

Results

A total of 1189 medical students completed the survey with an overall response rate of 56.4%. Only 13% of participants knew the correct definition of RDs, and a low overall level of awareness was found with regard to orphan drugs (20.3%) and genetic counselling and testing (0.5%). Respondents believed that society as a whole was largely unaware of RDs as a major public health issue. Students suggested elective courses, and invited lectures by RDs experts, and participation in research projects as the most preferred measures to improve undergraduate training.

Conclusions

It is crucial to address the gaps in medical students’ knowledge and awareness of RDs. University curricula should consider incorporating different RDs training modalities. It is essential to encourage various stakeholders to play a more proactive role and to collaborate in these activities. Involvement of patient organisations and advocacy groups might enhance students’ knowledge of the challenges faced by people with RDs. Not least, the media should be partners in this important endeavour as well.
Cryptic species Hydatigera kamiyai and other taeniid metacestodes in the populations of small mammals in Serbia
Authors: Miljević Milan , Rajičić Marija , Umhang Gérald , Bajić Branka , Bjelić Čabrilo Olivera , Budinski Ivana , Blagojević Jelena
Published: July 2023

Background

Hydatigera (Cestoda: Taeniidae) is a recently resurrected genus with the description of a new species, Hydatigera kamiyai, a cryptic entity within the Hydatigera taeniaeformis species complex. Rodents are intermediate hosts and correct taxonomic identification of H. taeniaeformis sensu lato (s.l.) species is difficult without the use of molecular methods. The aim of this study was to identify and explore the genetic diversity of Hydatigera and other taeniid species.

Methods

Ten different small mammals species (856 individuals) (Rattus rattus, three Apodemus, three Arvicolinae and three Soricidae species) were examined from 2013 to 2023. Captured animals were visually examined for cysts and visible lesions. Two markers were used for amplification and sequencing: cox1 and 12S rDNA.

Results

Molecular analysis of cysts and visible lesions revealed four taeniid species: Hydatigera kamiyai, H. taeniaeformis sensu stricto (s.s.), Taenia martis and T. crassiceps. Hydatigera kamiyai was found in Apodemus flavicollis, A. agrarius, Microtus arvalis and Crocidrua leucodon, while H. taeniaeformis s.s. is registered in R. rattus. Hydatigera kamiyai cox1 sequences clustered with European populations and showed at least 25 nucleotid differences compared to Asian, African, Australian and one of our isolates of H. taeniaeformis s.s acquired from a rat, followed by large sequence distances (9.4% to 12.9%), indicating clear molecular distinction of two species.

Conclusions

This is one of the few mitochondrial gene-based studies performed after the description of cryptic entities within the Hydatigera taeniaeformis s.l. complex and represents a valuable contribution to understanding of genetic diversity, host suitability and geographic distribution of these tapeworm species. Also, our study provides an important basis of molecular data from this part of Europe for further studies. We emphasize the importance of additional studies of intermediate hosts, especially rats from Europe and Apodemus spp. and voles from Asia and Africa.

Graphical abstract
Treatment with selective transcatheter arterial embolization of a ruptured profunda artery perforator after internal thigh liposuction: a case report
Authors: Tawa Pierre , Boeken Tom , Cetrulo Curtis L. , Lellouch Alexandre G.
Published: July 2023

Background

Hemorrhage is an uncommon complication of liposuction that may be trauma-induced by the cannula on the subcutaneous perforators. It usually resolves spontaneously with external compression and results in mild to moderate ecchymosis on the liposuction site. However, in sporadic cases, active bleeding may persist and require urgent intervention for hemostasis.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 60-year-old White female who developed a massive hematoma in the hour following liposuction of the right internal thigh, with active bleeding in the subcutaneous plane reported on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. The initial angiogram was conducted in the right common femoral artery and showed active bleeding from a profunda artery perforator. After careful selective catheterization of the feeding artery using a 2.0-French microcatheter, 0.3 mL of Onyx 34 was injected. Control angiography showed no immediate complication and confirmed the exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm. No postoperative event occurred. Blood pressure and hemoglobin levels remained stable throughout the episode.

Conclusions

Although liposuction is a very common procedure in plastic surgery, hemorrhagic complications may occur and require urgent hemostasis. This case suggests a vital place for interventional radiology in the management of hemorrhagic complications after liposuction.
Spatial attention and quantization-based contrastive learning framework for mmWave massive MIMO beam training
Authors: Jia Haohui , Chen Na , Urakami Taisei , Gao Hui , Okada Minoru
Published: July 2023

Deep learning (DL)-based beam training schemes have been exploited to improve spectral efficiency with fast optimal beam selection for millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. To achieve high prediction accuracy, these DL models rely on training with a tremendous amount of labeled environmental measurements, such as mmWave channel state information (CSI). However, demanding a large volume of ground truth labels for beam training is inefficient and infeasible due to the high labeling cost and the requirement for expertise in practical mmWave massive MIMO systems. Meanwhile, a complex environment incurs critical performance degradation in the continuous output of beam training. In this paper, we propose a novel contrastive learning framework, named self-enhanced quantized phase-based transformer network (SE-QPTNet), for reliable beam training with only a small fraction of the labeled CSI dataset. We first develop a quantized phase-based transformer network (QPTNet) with a hierarchical structure to explore the essential features from frequency and spatial views and quantize the environmental components with a latent beam codebook to achieve robust representation. Next, we design the SE-QPTNet including self-enhanced pre-training and supervised beam training. SE-QPTNet pre-trains by the contrastive information of the target user and others with the unlabeled CSI, and then, it is utilized as the initialization to fine-tune with a reduced volume of labeled CSI. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed framework improves beam prediction accuracy and data rates with 5% labeled data compared to existing solutions. Our proposed framework further enhances flexibility and breaks the limitation of the quantity of label information for practical beam training.
Field evaluations of four SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests during SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant wave in South Africa
Authors: Samsunder Natasha , Lustig Gila , Ngubane Slindile , Maseko Thando Glory , Rambaran Santhuri , Ngcapu Sinaye , Magini Stanley Nzuzo , Lewis Lara , Cawood Cherie , Kharsany Ayesha B. M. , Karim Quarraisha Abdool , Karim Salim Abdool , Naidoo Kogieleum , Sivro Aida
Published: July 2023

Background

Rapid antigen tests detecting SARS-CoV-2 were shown to be a useful tool in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we report on the results of a prospective diagnostic accuracy study of four SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests in a South African setting.

Methods

Rapid antigen test evaluations were performed through drive-through testing centres in Durban, South Africa, from July to December 2021. Two evaluation studies were performed: nasal Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device (Abbott) was evaluated in parallel with the nasopharyngeal Espline SARS-CoV-2 Ag test (Fujirebio), followed by the evaluation of nasal RightSign COVID-19 Antigen Rapid test Cassette (Hangzhou Biotest Biotech) in parallel with the nasopharyngeal STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag test (SD Biosensor). The Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay was used as a reference test.

Results

Evaluation of Panbio and Espline Ag tests was performed on 494 samples (31% positivity), while the evaluation of Standard Q and RightTest Ag tests was performed on 539 samples (13.17% positivity). The overall sensitivity for all four tests ranged between 60 and 72% with excellent specificity values (> 98%). Sensitivity increased to > 80% in all tests in samples with cycle number value < 20. All four tests performed best in samples from patients presenting within the first week of symptom onset.

Conclusions

All four evaluated tests detected a majority of the cases within the first week of symptom onset with high viral load.
The 16α-hydroxylated Bile Acid, Pythocholic Acid Decreases Food Intake and Increases Oleoylethanolamide in Male Mice
Authors: Higuchi Sei , Wood Courtney , Nasiri Raidah H , Giddla Leela J , Molina Valentina , Diarra Rokia , DiPatrizio Nicholas V , Kawamura Akira , Haeusler Rebecca A
Published: July 2023

Modulation of bile acid (BA) structure is a potential strategy for obesity and metabolic disease treatment. BAs act not only as signaling molecules involved in energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis, but also as regulators of food intake. The structure of BAs, particularly the position of the hydroxyl groups of BAs, impacts food intake partly by intestinal effects: (1) modulating the activity of N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D, which produces the anorexigenic bioactive lipid oleoylethanolamide (OEA) or (2) regulating lipid absorption and the gastric emptying-satiation pathway. We hypothesized that 16α-hydroxylated BAs uniquely regulate food intake because of the long intermeal intervals in snake species in which these BAs are abundant. However, the effects of 16α-hydroxylated BAs in mammals are completely unknown because they are not naturally found in mammals. To test the effect of 16α-hydroxylated BAs on food intake, we isolated the 16α-hydroxylated BA pythocholic acid from ball pythons (Python regius). Pythocholic acid or deoxycholic acid (DCA) was given by oral gavage in mice. DCA is known to increase N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D activity better than other mammalian BAs. We evaluated food intake, OEA levels, and gastric emptying in mice. We successfully isolated pythocholic acid from ball pythons for experimental use. Pythocholic acid treatment significantly decreased food intake in comparison to DCA treatment, and this was associated with increased jejunal OEA, but resulted in no change in gastric emptying or lipid absorption. The exogenous BA pythocholic acid is a novel regulator of food intake and the satiety signal for OEA in the mouse intestine.
Abaloparatide Maintains Normal Rat Blood Calcium Level in Part Via 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D/osteocalcin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Yanmei , Tseng Wei-Ju , Wang Bin
Published: July 2023

The PTH-related peptide(1-34) analog, abaloparatide (ABL), is the second anabolic drug available for the treatment of osteoporosis. Previous research demonstrated that ABL had a potent anabolic effect but caused hypercalcemia at a significantly lower rate. However, the mechanism by which ABL maintains the stability of blood calcium levels remains poorly understood. Our in vivo data showed that ABL treatment (40 µg/kg/day for 7 days) significantly increased rat blood level of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] without raising the blood calcium value. ABL also significantly augmented the carboxylated osteocalcin (Gla-Ocn) in the blood and bone that is synthesized by osteoblasts, and increased noncarboxylated Ocn, which is released from the bone matrix to the circulation because of osteoclast activation. The in vitro data showed that ABL (10 nM for 24 hours) had little direct effects on 1,25-(OH)2D synthesis and Gla-Ocn formation in nonrenal cells (rat osteoblast-like cells). However, ABL significantly promoted both 1,25-(OH)2D and Gla-Ocn formation when 25-hydroxyvitamin D, the substrate of 1α-hydroxylase, was added to the cells. Thus, the increased 1,25-(OH)2D levels in rats treated by ABL result in high levels of Gla-Ocn and transient calcium increase in the circulation. Gla-Ocn then mediates calcium ions in the extracellular fluid at bone sites to bind to hydroxyapatite at bone surfaces. This regulation by Gla-Ocn at least, in part, maintains the stability of blood calcium levels during ABL treatment. We conclude that the signaling pathway of ABL/1,25-(OH)2D/Gla-Ocn contributes to calcium homeostasis and may help understand the mechanism of ABL for osteoporosis therapy.
Silent Corticotroph Staining Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Prognostic Significance in Radiosurgery
Authors: Maragkos Georgios A. , Mantziaris Georgios , Pikis Stylianos , Chytka Tomas , Liscak Roman , Peker Selcuk , Samanci Yavuz , Bindal Shray K. , Niranjan Ajay , Lunsford L. Dade , Kaur Rupinder , Madan Renu , Tripathi Manjul , Pangal Dhiraj J. , Strickland Ben A. , Zada Gabriel , Langlois Anne-Marie , Mathieu David , Warnick Ronald E. , Patel Samir , Minier Zayda , Speckter Herwin , Kondziolka Douglas , Lee Cheng-chia , Vance Mary Lee , Sheehan Jason P.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

There is conflicting evidence on the significance of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) staining in the prognosis of nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NFpitNETs). The objective of this study was to define the effect of ACTH immunostaining on clinical and radiographic outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for NFpitNETs.

METHODS:

This retrospective, multicenter study included patients managed with SRS for NFpitNET residuals. The patients were divided into 2 cohorts: (1) silent corticotroph (SC) for NFpitNETs with positive ACTH immunostaining and (2) non-SC NFpitNETs. Rates of local tumor control and the incidence of post-treatment pituitary and neurological dysfunction were documented. Factors associated with radiological and clinical outcomes were also analyzed.

RESULTS:

The cohort included 535 patients from 14 centers with 84 (15.7%) patients harboring silent corticotroph NFpitNETs (SCs). At last follow-up, local tumor progression occurred in 11.9% of patients in the SC compared with 8.1% of patients in the non-SC cohort (P = .27). No statistically significant difference was noted in new-onset hypopituitarism rates (10.7% vs 15.4%, P = .25) or visual deficits (3.6% vs 1.1%, P = .088) between the 2 cohorts at last follow-up. When controlling for residual tumor volume, maximum dose, and patient age and sex, positive ACTH immunostaining did not have a significant correlation with local tumor progression (hazard ratio = 1.69, 95% CI = 0.8-3.61, P = .17).

CONCLUSION:

In contemporary radiosurgical practice with a single fraction dose of 8–25 Gy (median 15 Gy), ACTH immunostaining in NFpitNETs did not appear to confer a significantly reduced rate of local tumor control after SRS.
Gender differences in body experience - a comparison of people with and without tattoos
Authors: Jabłońska Klaudia , Kuc Michał , Rogala Maciej , Giżewska Kamila , Łoś Tomasz , Lorenc Karol , Bielawska Olga , Gulbicka Marta
Published: July 2023

Tattooing is a body modification practice that an increasing number of people, regardless of age, education or gender, are opting for. Previous quantitative research on the population of people with tattoos has mainly focused on differences in various personal characteristics, but has not focused on the bodily experience of people with tattoos. The aim of the present study was to examine differences in body image, body schema and body sense in people with and without tattoos. Two hundred and eleven people participated in the study, 108 of whom had at least one tattoo. Respondents completed a set of questionnaires: The Battery of Tests of The Body Self Representations and a demographic questionnaire. Our study showed that there were no significant differences in terms of mental body representations in people with and without tattoos. The main differences in terms of mental body representations were between men and women without tattoos. The present study suggests the need for a deeper understanding of the importance of tattoo for bodily experience.
Fluoride prophylaxis - poison or simple way to get rid of early childhood caries (ECC) – review
Authors: Molczyk-Sieńczak Justyna , Gorzyński Rafał , Kurek Justyna , Gadomska Anna , Garstka Michał , Dominik Hanna , Czudy Zuzanna , Pawęska Wojciech , Radwański Jan , Polatowska Marika
Published: July 2023

Introduction: As a prevention, fluoride is used systemically as well as topically in the oral cavity.  Thanks to fluoride prophylaxis, one of the most common bacterial disease in the world can be significantly reduced. This disease is dental caries. As such, it constitutes a huge problem in current stomatology, especially the type that affects small children - early childhood caries (ECC). Fluoride has beneficial effects not only in caries prevention but also in arresting and inhibiting the active decay process. Nevertheless, in recent years the use of fluoride is claimed to be controversial due to its toxic properties.
Aim: The aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge on the effect that fluoride has on caries diseases affecting children and the safety of its use based on the available research.
Materials and methods: Review of the current literature based on data available in: Pubmed, Ncbi, NIH, AAPD (American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry) and EAPD (European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry) websites using the following phrases: fluoride, fluoride in caries prevention, fluoride in caries, fluoride mechanism, fluoride toxicity, fluoride safety, caries, early childhood caries (ECC).
Conclusions: The use of fluoride is debatable, due to its toxic properties when used in excessive doses. The analysis of the studies proved that fluoride concentrations used in dentistry for the prevention and treatment of early childhood caries (ECC) are safe for the children's organism. The benefits resulting from its use in modern dentistry, which should be based on prophylaxis, are indisputable.
Exploring the Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Metabolic Syndrome, Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Kosieradzka Karolina , Kosecka Katarzyna , Rudziński Patryk , Cieślik Aleksandra , Adamowicz Dominik , Stańczyk Justyna , Łopuszyńska Inga , Meliksetian Astrik , Wosińska Alicja , Jargieło Anna
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus represent a growing and interconnected health challenge, gaining significant attention due to their high prevalence and impact they have on individuals' well-being. Intermittent Fasting (IF), involving cycling between periods of fasting and eating, has emerged as a promising dietary approach garnering substantial attention for its potential therapeutic effects on metabolic health.

Purpose: This review aims to explore the impact of intermittent fasting on metabolic disease by examining recent studies.

Methods: A review of the recent literature was conducted to explore potential positive effects of IF on relevant metabolic parameters.

Results: The findings from the reviewed studies demonstrated favorable effects of IF associated with improvements in glycemic control as improved insulin sensitivity and decreased HbA1c levels. Additionally, it led to significant reductions in body weight and waist circumference. Beneficial effects on lipid profiles, such as reduced triglyceride levels, were also observed in some studies.

Conclusions: The reviewed studies provide strong evidence supporting the effectiveness of IF regimens in improving metabolic factors, including weight, insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles in individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism. IF offers a promising dietary strategy potentially providing additional benefits beyond conventional dietary interventions. However, further research is needed to elucidate the long-term effects, optimal fasting protocols and potential mechanisms underlying the benefits of intermittent fasting in these conditions.
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy - advances in diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Bigos Paula , Dendys Konrad , Bieniasz Jan , Kuźnicki Wojciech , Matkowski Igor , Potyrała Piotr
Published: July 2023

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most alarming conditions of the 21st century. The prevalence of both type 1 and 2 diabetes is constantly increasing, which also entails a growing number of patients suffering from its various complications. One of the most common chronic complications is diabetic neuropathy (DN), which is developed by at least 50% of patients with diabetes. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most frequent type of DN. Clinically, a non-painful and a painful-DPN can be distinguished. The painful type causes a massive decrease in the quality of life and affects around 30% of individuals with DM. In recent years many instruments have been used to diagnose and treat DPN but none of them seems to be sufficient in early diagnosis and satisfactory symptoms management. To date, there is any gold standard to recognize DNP and usually it is noticed when a patient presents symptoms of neuropathy, which is too late to introduce an effective therapy. The main approaches for patients with DNP focus on improving glycaemic control, lifestyle modifications and pain therapy. Multiple medicaments are used for this purpose, among which SNRIs, TCAs and anticonvulsants are most effective. Non-pharmacologic treatment, such as acupuncture, physical therapy, nerve stimulation, also has been used, however their effectiveness remains uncertain.
Contemporary treatment options for male hypogonadism
Authors: Sojka Paweł , Popiołek Joanna , Szczerba Jakub , Pokora Szymon , Stefanowicz Agata , Pokładnik Dominika , Jeleń Katarzyna , Pokora Karolina , Podsiedlik Adam , Poloczek Alicja
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Male hypogonadism is a disease in which testicular function is impaired. Its symptoms are due to testosterone deficiency and most of them show low specificity. These include reduced libido, erectile dysfunction and mood disorders, among others. The biochemical indicator of hypogonadism is a testosterone concentration below 350 ng/ml (12nmol/L), according to the European Association of Urology (EAU). The increased incidence of hypogonadism is associated with aging and the presence of comorbidities such as type II diabetes and obesity. Men with testosterone deficiency have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death.

Goals

Summary of current reports on the diagnosis and treatment of hypogonadism. An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of formulations used in testosterone replacement therapy.

MethodsReview of literature available in PubMed and Google Scholar databases.

Conclusions

The medical interview, physical examination and ancillary tests help to classify hypogonadism appropriately. Measuring the concentration of gonadotropins, helps diversify primary from secondary hypogonadism. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) uses formulations that have varying release profiles, route of administration and drug formulation. The choice of testosterone product should involve age, lifestyle, and individual preferences of the patient.
Side effects of mesotherapy - review
Authors: Szwed Weronika , Nowak Alicja , Bogusz Klaudia , Baran Natalia , Maksymowicz Marcela , Bielak Adriana , Nowak Aleksandra , Cywka Łucja , Machowiec Piotr , Ciecierski-Koźlarek Hubert
Published: July 2023

Introduction and purpose: Microneedle mesotherapy is a non-surgical method consisting in controlled micropuncture of the skin with very thin needles, associated with the insertion of active substances into it. It is used in many fields of medicine, diseases, as well as cosmetic defects associated with the symptoms of skin aging. The aim of this review is to summarize the side effects described in the literature that may associated microneedle mesotherapy. The review was based on the available data collected in the PubMed database searched using the keywords "mesotherapy", "adverse effects", "side effects".

Description of the state of knowledge: Complications of mesotherapy can be divided into infectious and non-infectious as well as local and systemic. The most common and best known are bruises and swelling caused by local inflammation caused by certain substances. More serious complications include anaphylaxis, skin necrosis, granulomas, cellulitis, and infectious complications.

Summary: Mesotherapy is a commonly performed procedure not only by doctors, but also by non-medical people. Both patients and operators tend to underestimate the potential side effects of this method. We hope that raising awareness and paying attention to the errors made will contribute to reducing the complications associated with this procedure, as well as to its standardization.
Management of a patient with frostbite
Authors: Heluszka Jakub , Fussek-Styga Urszula , Błaszczyk Agnieszka , Trojan Sara , Kwieciński Jakub , Miszuda Sławomir , Szwedkowicz Agata , Basiaga Bartosz , Bednarz Krzysztof , Leśniak Marek
Published: July 2023

Introduction and purpose
Frostbite is a serious injury caused by cold, which is an inseparable element of human contact
with nature. It can cause tissue damage and loss of function if not properly treated. It
treatment consists of several stages that require the involvement of many people. The purpose
of the article is to summarize information on epidemiology, pathophysiology, prehospital and
hospital procedures and to draw attention to the complexity of patient care.
Materials and methods
A literature review based on PubMed and Google Scholar using the following keywords: frostbite, cold injury.
Description of the state of knowledge:
The literature review shows the breadth of the issue. The effectiveness of therapy depends on:
knowledge of pathophysiology and risk factors, early diagnosis, discontinuation of exposure
to cold, effective analgesic treatment, fluid therapy, transport of the victim to the appropriate
center, rapid warming of frozen tissues, imaging diagnostics, initiation of thrombolytic
treatment and, if necessary, surgery. It is also important to remember about long-term
complications that worsen the quality of life of patients, such as chronic pain, hyperaesthesia
or impairment or loss of limb functionality.
Conclusions
Frostbite is a relatively rare problem, but especially in winter, every medic will have to deal
with it sooner or later. Considering the above information, the management of a patient with
frostbite is a demanding and long-term process in which the cooperation and involvement of
many medics is important, so it is worth having knowledge about them.
Assessment of the impact of DIAM interspinal dynamic stabilization on pain in the lumbar spine - the role of physiotherapy
Authors: Suszyński Krzysztof , Dolińska Anna , Górka Dariusz
Published: July 2023

Pain in the LS segment occurs in both young and old people. Stabilization training is gaining more and more supporters in returning to proper functioning. Central stabilization is the ability to maintain the correct body posture during static and dynamic movements. The DIAM system of dynamic interspinal stabilization of the spine is a minimally invasive procedure which, by inserting a silicone implant between the spinous processes, relieves the intervertebral joints, the intervertebral disc and reduces the pressure on the nerve structures. Continuation after the procedure is systematic physiotherapy.
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the implant and individually adjusted stabilization training of the lumbar-pelvic-hip complex in patients after dynamic interspinal stabilization with the DIAM method.
The study was conducted on a group of 56 people who underwent a minimally invasive procedure and qualified from the 10th day after the operation. The stabilization training was selected individually for each patient, including the current state of health. The training was conducted once a week for four weeks.
The conducted stabilization training of the lumbar-pelvic-hip complex turned out to be an effective method in recovery. There was a significant decrease in pain in the lower part of the spine among the examined patients. There was an improvement in physical activity and activities of daily living based on the Ronald-Morris scale. A decrease in the number of points was noted in all subjects.
Fast, post-surgical rehabilitation therapy after using dynamic stabilization - DIAM, turned out to be a helpful method in faster recovery. It is reasonable to introduce early rehabilitation according to the scheme established by us after the DIAM dynamic stabilization procedure, as the period of return to work is reduced.