bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors of organizational adoption of enterprise architecture in Malaysian public sector: a multi group analysis
Authors: Ahmad Nor Azizah , Mohd Drus Sulfeeza , Kasim Hairoladenan
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The relevant importance of enterprise architecture (EA) to an organization has gained the attention of the public sector. However, its adoption rate remains slow on the uptake. Thus, this study aims to investigate the various factors associated with adoption intention based on the technological, organizational and environmental framework for federal and state types of public organizations to provide greater predictive accuracy and relevance of EA adoption in Malaysia’s public sector (MPS) context.

Design/methodology/approach

An empirical study was conducted through an online survey in Malaysia. Based on 255 samples from public organizations throughout Malaysia, a multigroup analysis with partial least square structural equation modeling was performed to identify the respective influencing factors for adopting EA by federal and state organizations in the Malaysian public sector.

Findings

Five organizational factors (clear communication, normative pressure, expected benefit, good governance and organization size) and two environmental factors (coercive pressure and mimetic pressure) were found to be significant factors influencing adoption intention for EA. Additionally, clear communication and coercive pressure were noted to be significant factors influencing adoption for both federal and state organizations. Other significant factors for federal organizations include expected benefit and normative pressure, whereas for state organizations, another significant influencing factor was good governance. The predictive accuracy for federal organizations was slightly higher at 74.6% than that of state organizations, that is, at 65%.

Research limitations/implications

These findings imply that federal and state organizations respond to different factors that motivate their intention to adopt EA. These findings guide future intentional practice and ensure greater motivation for EA adoption.

Practical implications

The identification of specific factors that matter to the federal and state public organizations in driving intention to adopt EA in this study has provided significant information that could help in effective decision-making process for these organizations. Common strategies that emphasize on clear communication and coercive pressure can be applied to address EA adoption processes for both federal and state public organizations. Further to that, more specified strategies such as highlighting expected EA benefits and instilling good governance work more effectively for federal and state, respectively.

Originality/value

This study has provided a more extensive view of EA adoption in MPS by differentiating the discerning factors based on the technological–organizational–environmental framework significant for federal and state types of organizations. Hence, this could help in formulating strategies specified to the organization type and ensure greater success in EA adoption in both federal and state organizations.
Does the gender of board members influence the choice of sustainability report format of listed firms? Empirical evidence from India
Authors: Oware Kofi Mintah , Amoako Gilbert Kwabena , Halidu Osman Babamu
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study examines the effect of gender board characteristics on the choice of sustainability report format in India. A sustainability report covers the environmental and social impacts of firms. It is presented either as an integrated report with the rest of the financial reporting to stakeholders or a separate document (stand-alone) with the advantage of communicating better information.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses an inclusive sample of 800 firm-year observations between 2010 and 2019. The study applies the binary probit and the instrumental variable probit regressions to analyse the data from the Indian Stock Exchange.

Findings

The authors find that female chief executive officers (CEOs) are more likely to choose stand-alone reports over integrated reporting. The authors also find that female CEOs with a duality role are insignificant in choosing between integrated reporting and stand-alone sustainability reporting. Furthermore, the study shows that gender board diversity (percentage of women over total board size) and females of two or less are insignificant. However, three or more females on the board significantly and positively affect stand-alone sustainability reporting. Similarly, independent female directors are more likely to choose stand-alone reporting over integrated reporting. Policymakers must encourage sensitive environmental firms to employ more female CEOs over male CEOs because female CEOs are more likely to adopt stand-alone sustainability reporting.

Originality/value

The authors’ study adds novelty to research because previous studies have only examined a female CEO and sustainability. However, this study is the first to investigate female CEOs' and female board members' choice of sustainability report format.
Social media marketing and brand authenticity: the role of value co-creation
Authors: Hasan Shermeen , Qayyum Abdul , Zia Mubashar Hassan
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study aims to highlight the mediating role of value co-creation between social media marketing, its dimensions – entertainment, customization, interaction, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) and trendiness – and brand authenticity.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from 288 consumers was collected using both online and paper-based questionnaires. Partial least squares–structural equation modeling was used for hypothesis testing.

Findings

When studied compositely, the results of this study indicate that social media marketing impacts value co-creation and brand authenticity, while value co-creation mediates this relationship. However, value co-creation only mediates the impact of customization, interactions and eWOM on brand authenticity. Moreover, entertainment and trendiness directly affect brand authenticity without the mediating role of value co-creation.

Originality/value

The significance of value co-creation as the underlying mechanism between social media marketing and brand authenticity has received little scholarly attention. Likewise, the question of whether social media marketing dimensions help build brand authenticity perceptions has not been investigated. Thus, this study contributes to the marketing literature by empirically testing and establishing that interaction, customization and eWOM are essential social media marketing features that significantly affect brand authenticity with the mediating role of value co-creation.
Search engine optimization (SEO) for digital marketers: exploring determinants of online search visibility for blood bank service
Authors: Mladenović Dušan , Rajapakse Anida , Kožuljević Nikola , Shukla Yupal
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Given that online search visibility is influenced by various determinants, and that influence may vary across industries, this study aims in investigating the major predictors of online search visibility in the context of blood banks.

Design/methodology/approach

To formalize the online visibility, the authors have found theoretical foundations in activity theory, while to quantify online visiblity the authors have used the search engine optimization (SEO) Index, ranking, and a number of visitors. The examined model includes ten hypotheses and was tested on data from 57 blood banks.

Findings

Results challenge shallow domain knowledge. The major predictors of online search visibility are Alternative Text Attribute (ALT) text, backlinks, robots, domain authority (DA) and bounce rate (BR). The issues are related to the number of backlinks, social score, and DA. Polarized utilization of SEO techniques is evident.

Practical implications

The methodology can be used to analyze the online search visibility of other industries or similar not-for-profit organizations. Findings in terms of individual predictors can be useful for marketers to better manage online search visibility.

Social implications

The acute blood donation problems may be to a certain degree level as the information flow between donors and blood banks will be facilitated.

Originality/value

This is the first study to analyze the blood bank context. The results provide invaluable inputs to marketers, managers, and policymakers.
Career satisfaction in the public sector: Implications for a more sustainable and socially responsible human resource management
Authors: Latan Hengky , Chiappetta Jabbour Charbel Jose , Lopes de Sousa Jabbour Ana Beatriz , Ali Murad , Pereira Vijay
Published: September 2022

Anchored in emerging theoretical insights regarding sustainable human resource management, with a focus on pursuing socially responsible HR, we propose that enhancing employees' career satisfaction in public sector organisations constitutes a unique opportunity for public sector organisations to improve their internal social responsibility, focussing on employees as key stakeholders. In this context, this study provides original evidence regarding an original framework for examining the determinants and outcomes of employees' career satisfaction in the US federal agencies, with implications for the internal social responsibility of public sector organisations, which is a dimension of sustainable HR. We use a longitudinal study design involving a sample of permanent, full‐time civilian federal employees from two surveys conducted by the US Merit Systems Protection Board. We suggest key factors that affect public sector employees' career satisfaction and aspirations. These key factors may be useful for public sector organisations that wish to design more sustainable and socially responsible HRM centred around the career satisfaction of their internal stakeholders.
Application of dairy‐free vegetarian and vegan USDA food pattern models for non‐pregnant, non‐lactating healthy adults
Authors: Hess Julie M. , Comeau Madeline E.
Published: September 2022

The 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommends a Healthy Vegetarian Dietary Pattern (HVDP) but does not provide guidance for dairy‐free vegetarian (ovo‐vegetarian) or vegan diets. A recent study from our lab modeled ovo‐vegetarian and vegan HVDPs for healthy adults and found minimal impacts on nutrient content. However, since these models provide only recommendations for food group amounts, the objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of implementing the 2000 kcal ovo‐vegetarian and vegan models by developing sample menus and evaluating them for nutrient adequacy and diet quality. We implemented a search strategy for ovo‐vegetarian and vegan recipes on the MyPlate.gov website, using the most frequently consumed foods from each food group as a guide. We then developed 5‐day sample menus for each model and analyzed these menus for diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index Score‐2015 (HEI‐2015) and nutrient content. The HEI‐2015 scores were 99.4 and 98.4 for the vegan and ovo‐vegetarian menus, respectively. These sample menus did not achieve a perfect score of 100 due to sodium and refined grains (both menus), added sugars (ovo‐vegetarian menu only), and fatty acid profiles (vegan menu only). Mean total energy was 1860 kcal (vegan) and 1880 kcal (ovo‐vegetarian). Amounts of all macronutrients were within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges, but amounts of some micronutrients were below 90% of recommended levels. Healthy adults may be able to follow ovo‐vegetarian and vegan diets with careful planning, but this study reveals challenges in meeting micronutrient needs with these eating patterns.

Practical Application

This study assessed the quality and nutrient adequacy of sample vegan and dairy‐free vegetarian menus developed based on adaptations of the 2000 kcal vegetarian dietary pattern from the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. We found that our sample vegan and dairy‐free vegetarian menus, created with publicly available resources, contained enough servings of fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods, dairy, and oils, but did not provide enough vitamin D, vitamin E, choline, zinc (for males), and iron (for females). Following vegan and ovo‐vegetarian diets requires careful planning to ensure sources of these micronutrients are included in adequate amounts.
Initial dietary risk assessment of chlorinated paraffins in edible fungi in Chinese markets
Authors: Zhang Zhiguo , Li Hui , Zhang Shishan , Li Huijuan , Chen Xiangfeng
Published: September 2022

Dietary intake is one of the main pathways for residents to become exposed to chlorinated paraffins (CPs). In China, due to the popularization of nutritional and medicinal edible fungi, consumption has increased on a yearly basis. Edible fungi have a variety of active substances and are consumed daily by residents. However, there is limited information on the concentration and source of chlorinated paraffins in edible fungi. In this study, the concentrations of short‐chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium‐chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) in 105 edible fungi samples and 36 culture material samples were detected. The concentration range of SCCPs was 79.8 ng/g dw to 3879.3 ng/g dw, and the MCCPs was ND to 572.3 ng/g dw. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the sources of SCCPs and MCCPs in edible fungi were similar (r = 0.57, p < 0.01). The preponderant SCCPs and MCCPs congener group profiles were C10Cl7–8 and C14Cl6–8. CPs were detected in culture materials, the concentration range of SCCPs was 320.2 ng/g dw to 4326 ng/g dw, and the MCCPs was 333.4 ng/g dw to 4517.4 ng/g dw. And the preponderant SCCPs and MCCPs homologues in culture materials were C11–12Cl6 and C14Cl6. The linear discriminant analysis results indicated different contamination models of CPs between edible fungi and culture materials. The mean estimated daily intake values of SCCPs and MCCPs were 308.1 ng/kg bw/d and 94.4 ng/kg bw/d, respectively, indicating no potential health risk posed by CP exposure in edible fungi.
Homogenization improves foaming properties of insoluble pea proteins
Authors: Moll Pascal , Salminen Hanna , Griesshaber Elena , Schmitt Christophe , Weiss Jochen
Published: September 2022

Foams are essential in many food applications and require surface‐active ingredients such as proteins for formation and stabilization. We investigated the influence of high‐pressure homogenization on foaming properties of insoluble pea protein dispersions (5% w/w) at pH 3 and 5. Unhomogenized insoluble pea protein dispersions did not foam at either pH 3 or 5, as they consisted of large insoluble pea protein aggregates with limited surface activity. At pH 3, the homogenized pea protein dispersions generated foams due to higher protein solubility and surface activity through disruption of large protein aggregates into smaller particles. The foam stability decreased with increasing homogenization pressure and number of cycles due to a reduction in continuous phase viscosity. At pH 5, the insoluble pea proteins foamed when the homogenization resulted in formation of aggregates made of smaller protein entities, which was the case for homogenization ≥ 100 MPa and three cycles. In general, the foam capacity (amount of formed foam) was higher at pH 3 due to improved protein solubility and surface activity that facilitated incorporation of air, while the foam stability (resistance against foam collapse) was better at pH 5 because of the presence of larger protein aggregates that formed thicker and more viscous films around the air bubbles benefitting retention of gas bubbles. Overall, homogenization improved the foaming properties of insoluble pea proteins at pH 3 and 5.

Practical Application

Insoluble pea protein dispersions formed foams at pH 3 and 5 after homogenization highlighting the potential of this processing step for the food industry. The improvement in functionality of plant‐derived ingredients helps to increase their use for consumer goods, thereby supporting the transition to more sustainable food system.
MET gene amplification is a mechanism of resistance to entrectinib in ROS1+ NSCLC
Authors: Tyler Logan C. , Le Anh T. , Chen Nan , Nijmeh Hala , Bao Liming , Wilson Timothy R. , Chen David , Simmons Brian , Turner Kristen M. , Perusse Dean , Kasibhatla Shailaja , Christiansen Jason , Dudek Arkadiusz Z. , Doebele Robert C.
Published: September 2022

Background

ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have demonstrated significant clinical benefit for ROS1+ NSCLC patients. However, TKI resistance inevitably develops through ROS1 kinase domain (KD) modification or another kinase driving bypass signaling. While multiple TKIs have been designed to target ROS1 KD mutations, less is known about bypass signaling in TKI‐resistant ROS1+ lung cancers.

Methods

Utilizing a primary, patient‐derived TPM3‐ROS1 cell line (CUTO28), we derived an entrectinib‐resistant line (CUTO28‐ER). We evaluated proliferation and signaling responses to TKIs, and utilized RNA sequencing, whole exome sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect transcriptional, mutational, and copy number alterations, respectively. We substantiated in vitro findings using a CD74‐ROS1 NSCLC patient's tumor samples. Last, we analyzed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from ROS1+ NSCLC patients in the STARTRK‐2 entrectinib trial to determine the prevalence of MET amplification.

Results

CUTO28‐ER cells did not exhibit ROS1 KD mutations. MET TKIs inhibited proliferation and downstream signaling and MET transcription was elevated in CUTO28‐ER cells. CUTO28‐ER cells displayed extrachromosomal (ecDNA) MET amplification without MET activating mutations, exon 14 skipping, or fusions. The CD74‐ROS1 patient samples illustrated MET amplification while receiving ROS1 TKI. Finally, two of 105 (1.9%) entrectinib‐resistant ROS1+ NSCLC STARTRK‐2 patients with ctDNA analysis at enrollment and disease progression displayed MET amplification.

Conclusions

Treatment with ROS1‐selective inhibitors may lead to MET‐mediated resistance. The discovery of ecDNA MET amplification is noteworthy, as ecDNA is associated with more aggressive cancers. Following progression on ROS1‐selective inhibitors, MET gene testing and treatments targeting MET should be explored to overcome MET‐driven resistance.
Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with recurrence after completely resected stage IB lung adenocarcinoma: Propensity‐matched analysis in a cohort of 147 recurrences
Authors: Xu Fei , Chen Heng‐chi , Xu Haiyan , Li Junling , Hao Xuezhi , Xing Puyuan , Ying Jianming , Wang Yan
Published: September 2022

Background

Adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) is considered for high‐risk patients in stage IB lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, these risk factors are recognized as negative prognostic factors, not as predictors of ACT efficacy. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of ACT in stage IB patients by retrospectively examining patients who had recurrence.

Methods

We reviewed 1399 patients with stage IB (American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th edition) LUAD from 2012 to 2017 in our institution and found 147 patients with recurrence. The last follow‐up date was December 30, 2021. One‐to‐one propensity‐score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the potential selection bias.

Results

Fifty‐five (37.4%) patients had received ACT and 92 (62.6%) had not (non‐ACT). Patients with ACT were younger (p < 0.001), had larger tumors (p < 0.001) and more lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.02), and seemed to have less distant recurrence (p = 0.001). After PSM, 110 patients were matched and baseline characteristics were balanced. ACT was not associated with improved disease‐free survival (DFS) after matching (mDFS = 23.5 m for ACT vs. 29.5 m for non‐ACT, p = 0.13). ACT failed to prolong DFS of patients in the extracranial recurrence subgroup and EGFR mutation subgroups, and was even associated with shorter DFS in intracranial relapsed patients (mDFS = 30.3 m vs. 33.5 m, p = 0.083) and patients with tumor ≤30 mm (mDFS = 21.9 m vs. 30.8 m, p = 0.076).

Conclusion

In patients who were destined to develop recurrence after completely resected stage IB LUAD, ACT might not be associated with improved DFS. Further large multicenter studies are warranted to validate these findings.
A prospective observational cohort study examining the development of head and neck lymphedema from the time of diagnosis
Authors: Pigott Amanda , Brown Bena , White Nicole , McPhail Steven , Porceddu Sandro , Liu Howard , Jeans Claire , Panizza Ben , Nixon Jodie
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Head and neck lymphedema can occur in the internal or external structures of the head and neck region. Little is known about the development of this condition over the course of treatment for head and neck cancer. This study aimed to observe the development of internal and external lymphedema from diagnosis to 12 weeks postacute treatment.

Methods

A single center, prospective observational cohort study assessed participants for external lymphedema, internal lymphedema, quality of life, and symptom burden. Assessments were conducted prior to starting radiotherapy (RT), at the end of RT, 6 and 12 weeks after RT.

Results

Forty‐six participants were recruited. External lymphedema as measured by percentage water content, increased from 41.9 at baseline (95% CI: 39.3–44.4) to 50.4 (95% CI: 46.0–54.8) at 12 weeks following RT (p‐value < .001). After adjusting for changes in weight and participant age at baseline, a general increase in tape measurements was observed over time with significant increases from baseline to 12 weeks post‐RT for all measurement points. By 12 weeks post‐RT, all participants had lymphedema present in eight of 13 internal sites assessed.

Conclusions

Internal and external head and neck lymphedema was observed to increase from baseline to 12 weeks after completion of RT without abatement. People with head and neck cancer should be educated about the potentially extended duration of this treatment side effect. Further research is required to determine the point at which swelling symptoms recede.
How to do a penile urethroplasty using a novel self‐retaining penile retractor
Authors: Flynn Hannah , Joshi Pankaj M. , Kulkarni Sanjay Balwant , Desai Devang
Published: September 2022

Effective retraction and clear exposure of urethral tissue is essential in reconstructive penile surgery. The Joshi–Kulkarni retractor provides stable, bloodless operative exposure via non‐traumatic tissue compression at the base of penis. The self‐retaining design of this retractor also improves ergonomics thereby reducing surgeon fatigue. In this article, we describe how to do a penile urethroplasty by using the Joshi–Kulkarni penile retractor.
Exercise oscillatory ventilation in patients with advanced heart failure with and without left ventricular assist device
Authors: Wernhart Simon , Papathanasiou Maria , Jakstaite Aiste , Hoffmann Julia , Schmack Bastian , Hedderich Jürgen , Ruhparwar Arjang , Rassaf Tienush , Luedike Peter
Published: September 2022

Background

Exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV), indicating pathological fluctuations on pulmonary arterial pressure, is associated with mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). Whether left ventricular assist device (LVAD)‐induced ventricular unloading can reverse EOV and may prevent short‐term rehospitalization has not been investigated.

Methods

We performed a retrospective single‐center in‐ and outpatient analysis of patients with (n = 20, LVAD) and without (n = 27, HF) circulatory support and reduced ejection fraction (EF, 22.8 ± 7.9%). The association of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) variables and 3 months‐rehospitalization (3MR) as a primary outcome was analyzed. Furthermore, CPET variables were compared regarding the presence of EOV (+/−).

Results

Lower VO2peak (11.6 ± 4.9 ml/kg/min vs. 14.4 ± 4.3 ml/kg/min, p = 0.039), lower increase of PETCO2 (CI = 0.049–1.127; p = 0.068), and higher VE/VCO2 (43.8 ± 9.5 vs. 38.3 ± 10.6; p = 0.069) were associated with 3MR. Flattening of O2 pulse (CI = 0.139–2.379; p = 0.487) had no impact on 3MR. EOV was present in 59.5% (n = 28/47) of patients, without a significant difference between LVAD and HF patients (p = 0.959). Patients with HF/EOV+ demonstrated significantly lower VO2peak compared with HF/EOV− (p = 0.039). LVAD/EOV+ displayed significantly lower EF (p = 0.004) and fewer aortic valve opening than LVAD/EOV− (p = 0.027).

Conclusions

Lower VO2peak, but not EOV, was associated with 3MR. EOV occurred at a similar rate in LVAD and HF patients, which may illustrate insufficient unloading during exercise in chronic LVAD therapy and may contribute to the limited exercise capacity following LVAD implantation. Simultaneous CPET and right heart catheterization studies are needed to elucidate whether EOV may serve as a non‐invasive predictor of insufficient LV unloading necessitating LVAD reprograming.
Antibody response and intra‐host viral evolution after plasma therapy in COVID‐19 patients pre‐exposed or not to B‐cell‐depleting agents
Authors: Gachoud David , Pillonel Trestan , Tsilimidos Gerasimos , Battolla Dunia , Dumas Dominique , Opota Onya , Fontana Stefano , Vollenweider Peter , Manuel Oriol , Greub Gilbert , Bertelli Claire , Rufer Nathalie
Published: September 2022

Administration of plasma therapy may contribute to viral control and survival of COVID‐19 patients receiving B‐cell‐depleting agents that impair humoral immunity. However, little is known on the impact of anti‐CD20 pre‐exposition on the kinetics of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibodies. Here, we evaluated the relationship between anti‐spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) kinetics and the clinical status or intra‐host viral evolution after plasma therapy in 36 eligible hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, pre‐exposed or not to B‐cell‐depleting treatments. The majority of anti‐CD20 pre‐exposed patients (14/17) showed progressive declines of anti‐spike IgG titres following plasma therapy, contrasting with the 4/19 patients who had not received B‐cell‐depleting agents (p = 0.0006). Patients with antibody decay also depicted prolonged clinical symptoms according to the World Health Organization (WHO) severity classification (p = 0.0267) and SARS‐CoV‐2 viral loads (p = 0.0032) before complete virus clearance. Moreover, they had higher mutation rates than patients able to mount an endogenous humoral response (p = 0.015), including three patients with one to four spike mutations, potentially associated with immune escape. No relevant differences were observed between patients treated with plasma from convalescent and/or mRNA‐vaccinated donors. Our study emphasizes the need for an individualized clinical care and follow‐up in the management of COVID‐19 patients with B‐cell lymphopenia.
Syntactic prediction during self‐paced reading is age invariant
Authors: Cutter Michael G. , Paterson Kevin B. , Filik Ruth
Published: September 2022

Controversy exists as to whether, compared to young adults, older adults are more, equally or less likely to make linguistic predictions while reading. While previous studies have examined age effects on the prediction of upcoming words, the prediction of upcoming syntactic structures has been largely unexplored. We compared the benefit that young and older readers gain when the syntactic structure is made predictable, as well as potential age differences in the costs involved in making predictions. In a self‐paced reading study, 60 young and 60 older adults read sentences in which noun‐phrase coordination (e.g. large pizza or tasty calzone) is made predictable through the inclusion of the word either earlier in the sentence. Results showed a benefit of the presence of either in the second half of the coordination phrase, and a cost of the presence of either in the first half. We observed no age differences in the benefit or costs of making these predictions; Bayes factor analyses offered strong evidence that these effects are age invariant. Together, these findings suggest that both older and younger adults make similar strength syntactic predictions with a similar level of difficulty. We relate this age invariance in syntactic prediction to specific aspects of the ageing process.
The distal central pair segment is structurally specialised and contributes to IFT turnaround and assembly of the tip capping structures in Chlamydomonas flagella
Authors: Pratelli Ambra , Corbo Dalia , Lupetti Pietro , Mencarelli Caterina
Published: September 2022

Background Information

Cilia and flagella are dynamic organelles whose assembly and maintenance depend on an activetrafficking process known as the IntraFlagellar Transport (IFT), during which trains of IFT protein particles are moved by specific motors and carry flagellar precursors and turnover products along the axoneme. IFT consists of an anterograde (from base to tip) and a retrograde (from tip to base) phase. During IFT turnaround at the flagellar tip, anterograde trains release their cargoes and remodel to form the retrograde trains. Thus, turnaround is crucial for correct IFT. However, current knowledge of its mechanisms is limited.

Results

We show here that in Chlamydomonas flagella the distal ∼200 nm central pair (CP) segment is structurally differentiated for the presence of a ladder‐like structure (LLS). During IFT turnaround, the IFT172 subunit dissociates from the IFT‐ B protein complex and binds to the LLS‐containing CP segment, while the IFT‐B complex participates in the assembly of the CP capping structures. The IFT scaffolding function played by the LLS‐containing CP segment relies on anchoring components other than the CP microtubules, since IFT turnaround occurs also in the CP‐devoid pf18 mutant flagella.

Conclusions

During IFT turnaround in Chlamydomonas flagella, i) the LLS and the CP terminal plates act as anchoring platforms for IFT172 and the IFT‐B complex, respectively, and ii) during its remodeling, the IFT‐B complex contributes to the assembly of the CP capping structures.

Significance

Our results indicate that in full length Chlamydomonas flagella IFT remodeling occurs by a specialized mechanism that involves flagellar tip structures and is distinct from the previously proposed model in which the capability to reverse motility would be intrinsic of IFT train and independent by any other flagellar structure.
Real‐world effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/ml in insulin‐naïve people with type 2 diabetes in the Latin America region: A subgroup analysis of the ATOS
Authors: Vargas‐Uricoechea Hernando , Burga Nuñez José Luis , Rosas Guzmán Juan , Silva‐Gomez Liliana , Beltran Sergio , Sañudo‐Maury María Elena
Published: September 2022

Aim

To evaluate the real‐world effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/ml (Gla‐300) in achieving glycaemic goals in insulin‐naïve people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Mexico, Colombia and Peru (Latin America region) in the A Toujeo Observational Study (ATOS).

Materials and Methods

ATOS was a multicentre, prospective, 12‐month observational study, which included 4422 insulin‐naïve adults (age ≥ 18 years) with T2D uncontrolled (HbA1c > 7% and ≤11%) on at least one oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) who initiated Gla‐300 treatment as per routine practice. The primary endpoint was the percentage of participants achieving their predefined individualized HbA1c goal at month 6. Key secondary endpoints included change from baseline in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting self‐monitored blood glucose (SMBG), body weight and incidence of hypoglycaemia.

Results

In this subgroup analysis, a total of 314 participants with T2D received Gla‐300. At baseline, mean ± SD age was 56.0 ± 11.6 years, duration of diabetes was 9.7 ± 6.6 years and 65.9% of participants were on at least two OADs. The individualized HbA1c target was achieved by 25.8% of participants (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.3‐31.9) at month 6 and by 35.3% (95% CI: 28.5‐42.5) at month 12. Gla‐300 treatment improved glycaemic control with meaningful reductions in mean HbA1c, FPG and fasting SMBG. The incidence of hypoglycaemia reported was low and body weight remained stable.

Conclusions

In a real‐world setting in the Latin America region, the initiation of Gla‐300 in people with T2D uncontrolled on OADs resulted in improved glycaemic control with a low incidence of hypoglycaemia and no change in body weight.
Self‐reported diabetes is associated with allocentric spatial processing in the European Prevention of Alzheimer's Dementia Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Gregory Sarah , Blennow Kaj , Homer Natalie Z. M. , Ritchie Craig W. , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela
Published: September 2022

Type 2 diabetes is a robust predictor of cognitive impairment. Impairment in allocentric processing may help identify those at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease dementia. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of participants with and without diabetes on a task of allocentric spatial processing. This was a cross‐sectional secondary data analysis study using baseline data from the European Prevention of Alzheimer's Dementia Longitudinal Cohort Study (EPAD LCS). Participants were aged 50 years and above and were free of dementia at baseline. Participants with no missing data on the variables of interest were included in this study. Our exposure variable was diabetes reported in the medical history. Our primary outcome was the Four Mountains Test (4MT), a novel task of allocentric processing. Covariates included demographics (age, sex, family history of dementia and years of education), APOEε4 carrier status, cognitive status (Clinical Dementia Rating scale), cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau and amyloid‐beta 1–42. Of 1324 participants (mean age = 65.95 (±7.45)), 90 had diabetes. Participants with diabetes scored 8.32 (±2.32) on the 4MT compared with 9.24 (±2.60) for participants without diabetes. In a univariate model, diabetes was significantly associated with worse 4MT total scores (β = −.92, p = .001), remaining significant in a fully adjusted model (β = −.64, p = .01). Cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau was significantly higher in participants with diabetes compared with those without. Novel cognitive tests, such as the 4MT, may be appropriate to identify early cognitive changes in this high‐risk group. Identifying those at greatest risk for future neurodegeneration is key to prevention efforts.
From simplicity to complexity in current melanoma models
Authors: Michielon Elisabetta , de Gruijl Tanja D. , Gibbs Susan
Published: September 2022

Despite the recent impressive clinical success of immunotherapy against melanoma, development of primary and adaptive resistance against immune checkpoint inhibitors remains a major issue in a large number of treated patients. This highlights the need for melanoma models that replicate the tumor's intricate dynamics in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and associated immune suppression to study possible resistance mechanisms in order to improve current and test novel therapeutics. While two‐dimensional melanoma cell cultures have been widely used to perform functional genomics screens in a high‐throughput fashion, they are not suitable to answer more complex scientific questions. Melanoma models have also been established in a variety of experimental (humanized) animals. However, due to differences in physiology, such models do not fully represent human melanoma development. Therefore, fully human three‐dimensional in vitro models mimicking melanoma cell interactions with the TME are being developed to address this need for more physiologically relevant models. Such models include melanoma organoids, spheroids, and reconstructed human melanoma‐in‐skin cultures. Still, while major advances have been made to complement and replace animals, these in vitro systems have yet to fully recapitulate human tumor complexity. Lastly, technical advancements have been made in the organ‐on‐chip field to replicate functions and microstructures of in vivo human tissues and organs. This review summarizes advancements made in understanding and treating melanoma and specifically aims to discuss the progress made towards developing melanoma models, their applications, limitations, and the advances still needed to further facilitate the development of therapeutics.
Improved Method for Simulating Groundwater Inundation Using the MODFLOW 6 Lake Transport Package
Authors: Mancewicz Lauren K. , Mayer Alex , Langevin Christian , Gulley Jason
Published: September 2022

Groundwater inundation due to sea level rise can affect island and coastal freshwater resources by exposing water tables to direct, continuous evaporation. Numerical simulations of groundwater inundation effects on coastal and island aquifers have been limited by an inability to simulate solute transport and variable density flow between the aquifer and lakes formed by groundwater inundation. Consequently, we contributed to the development of a new tool, the Lake Transport Package, for MODFLOW 6 that can calculate solute concentrations within lakes and allows for variable density flow between lakes and aquifers. Here we use groundwater inundation as an example application to showcase the functionality of the Lake Transport Package and the advantages of using this tool over past methods of representing groundwater inundation. We developed hypothetical island simulations based on hydrogeological characteristics of the Bahamas. Multiple sea level rise and lake evaporation rates were simulated to evaluate the effects of groundwater inundation on freshwater lens size for different climates. The results demonstrate the ability of the Lake Transport Package to calculate the solute concentration of the lake for transient simulations, including hypersaline concentrations. Higher sea level rise and greater lake evaporation rates lead to a greater loss of the freshwater lens and higher lake salinity. The formation of a lake and corresponding expansion due to groundwater inundation increases the loss of freshwater by 6–36%, depending on the lake evaporation rate. These simulations validate the performance and demonstrate usefulness of the Lake Transport Package as a tool in representing groundwater inundation.
Effect of ultrasonic pre‐treatments on the octenyl succinic anhydride substitution of potato starch and its physicochemical and emulsifying properties
Authors: Zheng Yuxue , Fang Haitian , Zhang Huiling , Ye Xingqian , Tian Jinhu
Published: September 2022

To investigate whether the ultrasonic pre‐treatments of starch will affect the octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) esterification, different power ultrasonic pre‐treatments (150, 300, 450 and 600 W) were performed on potato starch, then the OSA esterification was performed and the physicochemical as well as the emulsifying properties of the OSA starch were analysed. Results indicated that ultrasonic pre‐treatments decreased the degree of substitution and reaction efficiency by 30%, regardless of the pre‐treatments condition, while little differences were observed in the crystalline type and the long‐range ordered structure. DSC results demonstrated that low‐power ultrasound decreased the values of To and Tp, but increased ΔH, while high‐power ultrasound had the opposite effect. In addition, high‐power sonication improved the emulsifying capacity of OSA starch, which ranged from 189.08 ± 0.23 m2/g to 334.70 ± 0.35 m2/g, while emulsion stability decreased from 277.02 ± 10.83 min to 42.75 ± 0.08 min. Overall, the result of the present work implied that OSA starch exhibited varied thermal and emulsifying properties under different ultrasonic pre‐treatments, and our work might provide basic theory for the preparation of OSA starch.
Methionine oxidation and reduction of the ethylene signaling component MaEIL9 are involved in banana fruit ripening
Authors: Zhu Lisha , Chen Lin , Wu Chaojie , Shan Wei , Cai Danling , Lin Zengxiang , Wei Wei , Chen Jianye , Lu Wangjin , Kuang Jianfei
Published: September 2022

The ethylene insensitive 3/ethylene insensitive 3‐like (EIN3/EIL) plays an indispensable role in fruit ripening. However, the regulatory mechanism that links post‐translational modification of EIN3/EIL to fruit ripening is largely unknown. Here, we studied the expression of 13 MaEIL genes during banana fruit ripening, among which MaEIL9 displayed higher enhancement particularly in the ripening stage. Consistent with its transcript pattern, abundance of MaEIL9 protein gradually increased during the ripening process, with maximal enhancement in the ripening. DNA affinity purification (DAP)‐seq analysis revealed that MaEIL9 directly targets a subset of genes related to fruit ripening, such as the starch hydrolytic genes MaAMY3D and MaBAM1. Stably overexpressing MaEIL9 in tomato fruit hastened fruit ripening, whereas transiently silencing this gene in banana fruit retarded the ripening process, supporting a positive role of MaEIL9 in fruit ripening. Moreover, oxidation of methionines (Met‐129, Met‐130, and Met‐282) in MaEIL9 resulted in the loss of its DNA‐binding capacity and transcriptional activation activity. Importantly, we identified MaEIL9 as a potential substrate protein of methionine sulfoxide reductase A MaMsrA4, and oxidation of Met‐129, Met‐130, and Met‐282 in MaEIL9 could be restored by MaMsrA4. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel regulatory network controlling banana fruit ripening, which involves MaMsrA4‐mediated redox regulation of the ethylene signaling component MaEIL9.
Measuring gender in consumer research: Validity and consumer welfare
Authors: Jones Niusha , Hamby Anne , Kidwell Blair
Published: September 2022

Consistent use of a valid measurement approach is essential for producing replicable research, along with the accumulation and integration of knowledge. Although gender is one of the most studied constructs in marketing, the literature remains muddled regarding a valid measurement of gender. In this work, we review the extant literature to outline the evolution of four main approaches toward conceptualizing and measuring gender. Further, we systematically review the common measures of gender in consumer research and delineate their inherent validity issues and impact on consumer welfare. Finally, we propose solutions for amending common gender measurement practices and directions for future research.
Identification and construction of a prognostic risk model based on multi‐RNA methylation regulators in cervical cancer
Authors: Yan Xiaoling , Qu Yuan , Huang Wenxuan , Zhang Hao , Zhu Lei , Zhang Liying
Published: September 2022

Aim

Cervical cancer is one of the most aggressive female cancers. RNA methylation is a necessary epigenetic modification in biological process. This study aimed to construct an RNA methylation regulator‐based risk model for predicting the prognosis of cervical cancer patients.

Methods

The transcriptome profiles of cervical cancer data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE44001. An RNA methylation‐related risk model was constructed and assessed by the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso)‐penalized Cox regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic effect of the risk model and calculated scores. The immune infiltration difference was further analyzed between the subgroups with a single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA).

Results

A total of 63 methylation modulators were included in this study, and 618 cervical cancer patients were identified from TCGA and GSE44001. Differential expression genes profiling RNA methylation regulators between normal and tumor samples were distinct. A four‐gene signature panel was constructed to predict the prognostic risk. The predictive ability was satisfactory. Cervical cancer patients were classified into high‐ or low‐risk subgroups according to the median risk score. Moreover, the immune infiltration patterns between them differed.

Conclusions

A risk model including four RNA methylation regulators was constructed, which will provide new perspectives for further investigation of the relationship between RNA methylation and cervical cancer.
Algorithms and their Affordances: How Crowdworkers Manage Algorithmic Scores in Online Labour Markets
Authors: Bellesia Francesca , Mattarelli Elisa , Bertolotti Fabiola
Published: September 2022

On online labour platforms, algorithmic scores are used as indicators of freelancers' work quality and future performance. Recent studies underscore that, to achieve good scores and secure their presence on platforms, freelancers respond to algorithmic control in different ways. However, we argue, to fully understand how freelancers deal with algorithmic scores, we first need to investigate how they interpret scores and, more specifically, what scores can do for them, i.e., perceived algorithmic affordances and constraints. Our interviews and other qualitative data collected with knowledge intensive gig workers on a major platform allow us to explain how the perceived affordances of algorithms (i.e., barrier, individual visibility, self‐extension, rule of the game) act as mechanisms that explain different behavioural and emotional responses over time. Our work contributes to the current debate on the positive and negative consequences of algorithmic work by portraying the fundamental role paid by the individual interpretation of algorithmic scores and by integrating the affordance perspective into our understanding of algorithmic work.
Associations Between Adolescents' Antisocial Behavior, Conflict Management Styles, and Romantic Relationship Breakup: An Observational Study
Authors: Quiroz Selena I. , Ha Thao , Rogers Adam A. , Sasser Jeri
Published: September 2022

Adolescents' antisocial behavior and negative conflict management styles are each associated with adverse romantic relationship outcomes, yet little research exists on their associations. We investigated whether adolescents' antisocial behavior was associated with conflict management styles, and whether it predicted breakup 3 months later. In total, 91 adolescent couples (Mage = 16.43,SD = 0.99; 41.2% Hispanic/Latinx) participated in videotaped conflict discussions coded for negotiation, coercion, and avoidance. Actor–partner interdependence models suggest adolescents' antisocial behavior is associated with decreased use of negotiation (couple pattern) and increased use of coercion (actor pattern). No significant associations were found for avoidance. Neither antisocial behavior nor conflict management styles predicted breakup. Findings are discussed in light of the unique developmental importance of adolescents' romantic relationships.
“We felt that electricity”: writing‐as‐becoming in a high school writing class
Authors: Rubin Jessica Cira
Published: September 2022

Drawing from data generated in a high school creative writing class, this article presents experiences and moments from a classroom‐sited research project that were considered through the theoretical perspective of response‐able pedagogies. Using postqualitative methods, this analysis addresses two framing questions: How does turning attention towards the unfolding relations in a writing class illuminate some possibilities of response‐able pedagogies? What becomes possible when the teaching of writing emphasises ‘becoming’ (rather than products/achievement)? In response to the first question, turning attention towards the unfolding relations in the class context made new ways of conceptualising writing possible: writing as following energies; writing as making; and writing as producing/traversing boundaries. Considered together, these interwoven practices contributed to the response‐able pedagogy of writing‐as‐becoming. In response to question two, the response‐able pedagogy of writing‐as‐becoming shifted the teaching emphasis from controlled outcomes to the affective experience of connection. This study shows the potential in reconsidering our commitment to teaching writing as (only) a process and to (also) imagine it as a means by which students can experience the vitality and joy of being present with others.