bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the Moisturizing Cleansing Pad Having Sterilizing and Anti-bacterial Effect against Covid-19
Authors: Kim In-Young , Noh Ji-Min , Seul Eun-Kyung , Lee Joo-Youb
Published: August 2022

This study is to study the development of a moisturized cleansing pad with sterilization and antibacterial effects in respond to COVID-19. Using MimicLipid MSM-1000 of the nonionic surfactant was developed with the O/W emulsion micelles that are forming multilamellar structures. Chlorine dioxide and chlorhexidine digluconate as antibacterial sanitizer were encapsulated and stabilized in these micelles, so that it could be remained stable even after long-term use. The appearance of formula-1 is a milky white liquid, and it has a characteristic odor. The pH of this formulation was 6.1. Also, the specific gravity is 1.014 and it has soft and moist texture. Moreover, there is no stinging or irritation when applied to the skin. The particle size distribution of this emulsion was about 1-3 ?m. As a result of quantitative analysis of chlorine dioxide which is enclosed in O/W emulsion after 8 weeks, it was found that 85.59% or more at 45 ÅãC and 93.47% at 25 ÅãC. The skin moisturizing effect of O/W-emulsion increased to 58.9% immediately after the sample was applied, 28.5% after 4 hours and 17.3% after 8 hours, showing 3.3 times better effect than before application, and about 5.4 times better moisturizing power than the control group. The cleansing power of the O/W emulsion was not very high in the case of a simple 60% ethanol solution for makeup residues, lipstick, and fine dust. On the other hand, in Formula-1, all three were found to have excellent cleansing power. As an application product of the cosmetics industry, a pouch-type moisturizing cleansing pad was developed and commercialized, and a product having a sterilization effect and an anti-bacterial effect could be developed without using ethanol.
ANN-Based DEM Fusion and DEM Improvement Frameworks in Regions of Assam and Meghalaya using Remote Sensing Datasets
Authors: Girohi Priti , Bhardwaj Ashutosh
Published: August 2022

The Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are a key and primary input to a large number of modelling processes such as disaster risk monitoring, flood modelling, hydrology, geology, geomorphology, climatology, and environmental study applications. The DEM serves as an important source of topographic information representing the continuous surface of the earth in 3 dimensions with x, y and z coordinates of any point in a grided raster form or a vector TIN form. This study is based on developing a new method using the universal approximation capability of neural networks for the fusion and improvement of L-band and X-band SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) DEMs in the complex terrain of Assam and Meghalaya states of the Indian geographic region using the DEM fusion technique. The high-spatial-resolution ALOS PALSAR RTC HR 12.5 m DEM products are used in a fusion framework designed with neural network models. The network adaptively learns the terrain information to produce fused DEM products. The neural network models generate the relationship between the input elevation information from ALOS PALSAR DEMs and precise reference elevation from ICESat-2 spaceborne altimetry as target data. The training and testing data samples are prepared and filtered by checking the correct range of elevation from the toposheets of this region. Different models are used to separately train for the relatively plain valley portion of the Assam region and mountainous portions of the highland Shillong plateau. The obtained fused DEMs from the developed neural net structure are assessed for their quality and accuracy by estimating the RMSE parameter. The fused DEM attains an RMSE value of 7 meters for the complete region which is a significant improvement over the input DEM RMSE of approximately 11 meters. The plain area points and mountainous region points are assessed separately to analyze the predictions from neural nets in the two types of terrains observed in this study site. Moreover, TanDEM-X 90 m DEM is improved using the neural network modeling in the geometric distortions affected areas, which shows an improvement of around 33% overall at the study site. The assessment of plain and mountainous region points for near-ground points shows an improvement of 47% and 55% respectively. The fusion framework designed using the neural network models is an effective and efficient method for obtaining fused DEMs as well as for the improvement of the existing DEMs for complex terrain.
On (ψ, ϕ) Contraction in Bicomplex Valued Fuzzy b-Metric Spaces with Application
Authors: Tiwari Rakesh , Rajput Shraddha
Published: August 2022

In this article, we introduce the concept of bicomplex valued fuzzy b-metric spaces and a modified (ϕ, ψ) fuzzy contraction.We construct certain fixed point results in bicomplex valued fuzzy b-metric spaces. Our work is inspired by I. Demir [1] andSingh et al. [2]. Some examples are provided to validate our results. Further, we substantiate the utility of our work in identifyingthe unique solution to a system of equations emerging in dynamic programming.
Dextrose-Containing Infusion Running in An Arterial Line System
Authors: Momoh Rabiu
Published: August 2022

Processes and procedures in intensive care units and during anaesthetic delivery are centered around ensuring patient safety. This article aims to shed light on a rare possible mechanism for inadvertent iatrogenic hypoglycaemia as can affect critical care specialists or anaesthetists in the line of service delivery and recommendations have been suggested.
Severe Chest Imaging Findings of Coronavirus Disease from March to November 2020 in Palestine
Authors: Mansour Sojood , Sada Maram Ghassan , Smerat Sami , Alsaify Sara , Abuteir Sundos , Abueisa Ameanah , Sublaban Amira , Samra Murad Abu , Awiess Mustafa
Published: August 2022

Background: Due to the rising number of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, the role of chest radiography and chest CT (computed tomography) scans is essential for rapid diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to provide a thorough analysis of imaging manifestations of patients infected with severe COVID-19.
Methods: Through the Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS) a total of 131 chest radiographs and high-resolution chest CT scans (HRCT) were collected from five Palestinian governmental hospitals from March to November 2020. IBM SPSS Statistical Software Version 23 was used for analysis.
Results: 131 patients were included in this study. 67(51.1%) were female while 64(49.9%) were male. The sample population had a mean age of 60 years ranging from 17-90 years. The most frequently occurring severe COVID-19 findings in HRCT (High-Resolution CT) scans were: GGO (ground glass opacity), interlobular septal thickening, air bronchogram, and pulmonary consolidations. The most common chest X-ray (CXR) findings were: GGO, consolidation, and reticular interstitial thickening. Patients 60 and older showed significantly increased incidence of atypical CT findings such as lymphadenopathy and reversed halo sign. A significant relationship between the age of the patients and COVID-19 findings was indicated through a P-value of 0.012.
Conclusion: CT and CXR provide a thorough analysis of severe COVID-19 findings. Familiarity with predominant COVID-19 findings assists in early detection and management; therefore, enhancing the capabilities of healthcare systems worldwide.
Integrative Approach of Vyayama and Panchakarma Vis-A-Vis Physiotherapy Techniques
Authors: Dash Durga Prasad , Sadana Sandhya , Mahanta Pallabi
Published: August 2022

Ayurvedic medicine is a kind of Indian traditional system of medicine that has been practiced for centuries. Treatment options in this system include different therapies of Ayurveda viz. Abhyanga (therapeutic oil massage), different varieties of Swedana (sudation), Vamana (therapeutic emesis), Virechana (therapeutic bowel evacuation), Basti (trans-rectal administration of processed Ayurvedic decoctions), Yoga, internal herbal and herbo-mineral medications, disease-specific dietary advice, etc. The consequence of therapies of Ayurveda works for the elimination of toxins from the body by the stimulation of srotas (micro-channels). In addition to the procedures of classical Ayurveda therapies, the patients desire to take physiotherapy for a speedy recovery from different ailments. It is observed that some patients benefited speedily from the adoption of exercise and manual physiotherapy procedures in an advanced way along with manual maneuvers run by Physiotherapists in addition to Ayurvedic treatments for those patients suffering from Frozen shoulder, varieties of paralysis, spasticity, brachial palsy, etc. The present review aims to describe the essentiality of an integrative approach of physio-therapeutic treatment with Ayurveda therapies to cure the ailment before than time required for individual treatment.
GlaucoMag Study: Does Magnesium Improve Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)?
Authors: Akioud Wafae , Hamzi Abderrahmane , Khmaily Mehdi , Mozarie Yassine , Oubaaz Abdelbare
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a multi-factorial progressive optic neuropathy that results in gradual vision loss. Alongside an elevated intra ocular pressure (IOP), other factors influence the progression of retinal ganglion cells loss in POAG. Blood flow dysregulation and oxidative stress are believed to be important risk factors in the evolution of glaucomatous degenerative lesions. Magnesium is an essential cation for many reactions and enzyme activities in the human body. One of its crucial roles is vascular regulation and blood flow improvement by modifying endothelial function through endothelin (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) pathways. It is also considered as a neuro-protective molecule as it reduces the harmful effect of oxidative stress on retinal ganglion cells.
Objective: the objective of this study is to assess the impact of daily intake of Magnesium on the stabilization of the glaucomatous damages on optic nerve. Methods: it is a nonrandomized monocentric clinical study. Patients having only POAG with an IOP values ≤ 19 mmHg and a visual acuity > to 5/10 were included. All patients had a daily supplementation of Magnesium for a period of at least 6 months each. All patients were assessed before the start of the study (T0), after 3 months of treatments (T1) and after 6 months of treatments (T2). At each visit, patients were given a full eye examination including IOP measures, perimetry, RNFL and GCC using OCT.
Results: 46 patients with a mean age of 54 years old and a mean IOP of 16 mmHg were included. At T1 and T2 the values of mean deviation have regressed compared to T0. The mean IOP have significantly lessened and the RNFL and GCC values on OCT were stabilized.
Conclusion: daily supplementation of Magnesium in patients with POAG has shown to be of great help on reducing the rate of progression of glaucomatous functional damage, therefore improving visual function and patients’ quality of life.
Ectopic Pregnancy: A 10 -Year Review of Cases in A Tertiary Health Institution in Umuahia, South East, Nigeria
Authors: Eke Emmanuel Onyemachi , Ekeleme Ngozichukwu Cynthia , Ezirim Edmund Onyedikachi , Onwuka Chisom Julius , Eke Kalu Okereke
Published: August 2022

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a clinical condition where a fertilized ovum implants outside the endometrium of the uterine cavity. Worldwide, ectopic pregnancy complicates 0.25-2.0% of all pregnancies. High index of suspicion of the clinical triad; abdominal pain, amenorrhea and vaginal bleeding is very important for its early detection and management.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence, clinical presentations, sites, risk factors and outcomes of ectopic pregnancy in a tertiary health institution in Umuahia, Nigeria. 

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia over a period of 10years from January 2011 to December 2020. The records of patients with ectopic pregnancy were traced through the main theater, ante-natal clinic, and the records unit. All information obtained were coded, entered into and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. 

Results: A total of 268 patients with ectopic pregnancies were studied out of 19,535 gynecological cases and 13,901 deliveries within the study period. This gave a prevalence of 1.4% of all gynecological cases and 1.9% of all deliveries. Ectopic pregnancies occurred more in women between 26 and 35years of age (54.9%). The commonest symptoms seen were abdominal pain (24.7%), Amenorrhea (22.7%) and vaginal bleeding (22.1%). The commonest sites of occurrence were fallopian tube 244 (91.1%), intramural (3.4%) and cervical ectopic pregnancy (2.2%). All the patients were managed surgically while 84% had ruptured uterus. Risk factors observed were a history of PID (30.0%), previous ectopic pregnancy (14.6%), infertility (12.5%), IUCD placement (12.1%) and previous abortion (11.2%).

Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality for women of reproductive age. Early diagnosis and management in form of medical treatment or conservative surgery not only reduces maternal morbidity and mortality but also preserves future fertility.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PESQUISAS EDUCACIONAIS: implicações teórico-metodológicas, propostas e desafios da gestão de dados científicos
Authors: Coelho Iandra Maria Weirich da Silva
Published: August 2022

O artigo problematiza o uso e a gestão de dados no âmbito educacional, evidenciando desdobramentos, implicações e desafios referentes à realização de pesquisas. Para tal, apresenta-se uma proposta metodológica que articula os pressupostos da Linguística de Corpus e da Abordagem Orientada por Dados, com o objetivo de auxiliar na coleta, gerenciamento e análise. As reflexões evidenciam a necessidade de uma nova cultura no fazer científico, com base no uso de recursos tecnológicos e estratégias que possam contribuir para a realização de pesquisas nas áreas de Ensino e Educação, nos âmbitos epistemológico e metodológico. Também demonstram a relevância da abertura dos dados educacionais, visando a fortalecer o acesso, o compartilhamento, a transparência, a redução do tempo de coleta, o impacto social, a reutilização e a potencial adaptação para o ensino, possibilitando a criação de produtos educacionais e novas oportunidades de aprendizagem, de maneira inclusiva e equitativa.
Palavras-chave: Pesquisa em Educação. Dados. Ensino-aprendizagem. Ciência Aberta.
Line integrals in the concept of hypercomplex numbers within Clifford algebra
Authors: Babaev Alimzhan
Published: August 2022

The paper presents the relation between line and surface integrals in Clifford algebra (ℰ4) and, in particular, in Cartesian space (ℰ3). The bijection between hypercomplex numbers and elements of space ℰ4, in particular ℰ3, has been set. The generalized Stokes theorem and Cauchy's integral theorem are generalized and combined into one. The physical interpretation of the formulas is in accord with the laws of the circulation of the electromagnetic field and gives some nontrivial results.
Species Delimitation Analysis to Reveal the Origin of Turkish Podarcis siculus siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810) Populations
Authors: MATUR Ferhat , CANDAN Kamil , ILGAZ Çetin , TOK C. Varol , SÖZEN Mustafa , ÇOĞAL Muhsin , YAKIN Batuhan Yaman , YILDIRIM Elif , KUMLUTAŞ Yusuf
Published: August 2022

It is possible that the origin of Podarcis sicurus, which was introduced to Turkey by humans, is based on two different source populations or that the samples introduced to different geographies may differ at the subspecies level. The rapid evolutionary processes observed in island species can similarly occur in introduced and isolated populations. In this study Tissues were taken from samples obtained from Zonguldak, Istanbul and Samsun. mtDNA gene sequences were obtained and combined with Podarcis sicurus samples from sequences downloaded from Genbank. Phylogenetic analyzes and species delimitation analyzes were executed. Accordingly results, the specimens obtained from Turkey were grouped into two different haplotypes, similar to their geographic isolation. It has been observed that these groups are different resource groups. Species delimination analyzes show that the differentiation of these haplotypes may be at the subspecies level.
Marul (Lactuca sativa) Bitkisinde Sorun Olan Verticillium dahliae’ ya Karşı Bazı Biyo Etmen ve Organik Maddelerin Etkisi
Authors: GÜNEŞ Hasret , DEMİRER DURAK Emre , DEMİR Semra
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmada, Verticillium dahliae’nın gelişimi üzerine bazı fungal (Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma viride) ve maya (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) biyolojik kontrol etmenleri ile vermikompost ve salisilik asit organik maddelerin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışma in vitro ve in vivo koşullarda yürüyülmüş ve in vitro’da antagonizmin derecesi ve yüzde olarak engelleme oranı belirlenmiştir. In vitro’da inhibisyon oranı en yüksek olarak belirlenen T. asperellum ve S. cerevisiae ile vermikompost ve salisilik asit organik maddelerin, in vivo’da marul (Lactuca sativa) bitkisinde sorun teşkil eden V. dahliae’nın gelişimine etkisi incelenmiştir. Ayrıca organik maddelerden salisilik asitin V. dahliae’ nın gelişimini tamamen engellediği belirlenmiştir. S. cerevisiae ve salisilik asit, V. dahliae patojeninin olduğu uygulamalarda kontrol grubuna oranla bitkilerin sürgün boyunu ve kök uzunluğunu arttırmıştır. Gerek yeşil aksam gerek gövde kesiti skala değerlerinde salisilik asit ve T. asperellum, V. dahliae patojeninin etkinliğini azaltmıştır.
METRIC Modeli ve Google Earth Engine Flux ile Hesaplanan Günlük Bitki Su Tüketimi ve Referans Bitki Su Tüketimi Fraksiyonu Değerlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: TUNCA Emre , KÖKSAL Eyüp Selim , ÇETİN TANER Sakine
Published: August 2022

Evapotranspirasyonun (ET) hassas bir biçimde belirlenmesi su kaynakları yönetiminde oldukça önemlidir. Son yıllarda ET’nin uzaktan algılama teknikleri yardımıyla belirlenmesinde çeşitli modeller geliştirilmiştir. Bu modeller arasında Evapotranspirasyon Haritalamasında Yüksek Çözünürlük ve İçsel Kalibrasyon Modeli (METRIC) en yaygın kullanılanlardan biridir. METRIC modelinde içsel kalibrasyon amacıyla ET’nin potansiyel seviyede ve ET’nin sıfır olduğu iki ekstrem koşulu temsilen seçimler yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu seçimleri hem uzaktan algılama hem de ET üzerine deneyimli kişilerin yapması gerekmektedir. Ancak bu durum METRIC modelinin kullanımını kısıtlamaktadır. Oluşan bu boşluğun doldurulması için Google Earth Engine platformunda Earth Engine Evapotranspiration Flux (EEFlux) uygulaması geliştirilmiştir. Bu uygulamayla METRIC modeli otomatik olarak kalibre edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı elle METRIC modeli ile EEFlux modelinden elde edilen günlük ET (ETd) ve Referans ET fraksiyonu (ETrF) değerlerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışma Amasya ili Merzifon ilçesinde yer alan Uzunyazı, Çayırözü ve Yeşilören köylerindeki arpa, ayçiçeği, buğday, mısır, şeker pancarı, patates ve soğan yetiştiriciliği yapılan tarım alanlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada üç farklı tarihe ait Landsat 8 uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre METRIC ve EEFLUX ile hesaplanan ETd değerleri uyumlu olmasına rağmen (R2=0,87), genel olarak EEFlux-ETd değerleri METRIC-ETd değerlerinden daha düşük gerçekleşmiştir (RMSE=2,5 mm gün-1 ve MAE=2,38 mm gün-1). ETrF değerleri ise ETd değerlerine benzer uyumla hesaplanmıştır (R2=0,88, RMSE=0,11 ve MAE=0,09). Buna göre EEFLUX ve METRIC ile hesaplanan ETd ve ETrF değerleri arasında belirli farklılıklar olmasına rağmen, EEFLUX ile oldukça hızlı, yerel iklim verileri ve deneyimli bir kullanıcı ihtiyacı olmadan ETd değerleri belirlenebilmektedir.
Marmara Bölgesinde Referans Bitki Su Tüketiminin Alansal ve Zamansal Değişimi
Authors: ARABİ Charifa , CANDOĞAN Burak Nazmi
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmada, Marmara Bölgesinde bulunan 18 meteoroloji istasyonu için 1990-2020 yılları arası aylık iklim verileri kullanılmış ve FAO Penman-Monteith yöntemi ile yıllık toplam ETo değerleri tahmin edilerek alansal ve zamansal değişimleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, her bir istasyon için parametrik olmayan Mann-Kendall testi ve Sen yöntemi kullanılarak yıllık toplam ETo eğilimleri belirlenmiş ve coğrafi bilgi sistemleri (CBS) Ters Mesafe Ağırlıklı (IDW) enterpolasyon yöntemi kullanılarak ta ETo haritaları hazırlanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, yıllık toplam ETo değerleri 742.3-1440.7 mm arasında değişim göstermiştir. Edirne, Kocaeli, Sakarya, Bozcaada, Çanakkale, Kırklareli, Uzunköprü, Tekirdağ, İpsala ve Dursunbey istasyonları için ETo değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli artış eğilimleri belirlenirken, Kumköy-Kilyos ve Keles istasyonları için eğilimler önemli düzeyde azalan yönde olmuştur. Bununla birlikte, Bandırma, Bursa, Şile, Florya ve Gönen istasyonları için gerçekleşen ETo artış eğilimleri ile Bilecik için belirlenen azalış eğilimi istatistiksel olarak önemli olmamıştır. Yıllık ortalama ETo haritası değerlendirildiğinde, Marmara Bölgesi’nin batı kesimlerinde (Edirne’nin güneyi, Balıkesir’in batısı ve Çanakkale) ETo yüksek değerlere ulaşmıştır. Bölgenin kuzey kesimlerinde; Kırklareli ve Tekirdağ’ın doğusunda ve bölgenin doğu kesimlerinde; İstanbul’un doğusu, Kocaeli ve Sakarya’da ETo değerleri düşmüştür. Ayrıca Kırklareli, Tekirdağ’ın doğusu, Kocaeli ve Sakarya’da uzun yıllar ortalama ETo değerleri düşük bulunurken, bu illerde ki meteoroloji istasyonları verilerinden hesaplanan yıllık toplam ETo değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde artış eğilimleri belirlenmiştir.
Buğday Deposu Tasarımı: Havalandırma Sistem Tasarımı ve Birim Fiyat Analizi-II
Authors: MAMAN Kürşat , KİBAR Hakan
Published: August 2022

Havalandırma, depolanan tahılın korunması için yaygın olarak kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Bu teknoloji, ürün depolama yapısının mikro iklimini değiştirmek; tahılda zararlı organizmaların gelişmesi için elverişsiz tahıl kalitesinin sürekli korunması için uygun koşullar yaratmak için kullanılır. Mevcut durumda yapılmış olan depoların eksiklikleri göz önünde bulundurularak buğday ürünü için 1500 ton depolama kapasitesine sahip yatay bir betonarme deponun teknik verilere uygun şekilde havalandırma sisteminin tasarlanması ve yaklaşık maliyetinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda emniyetli ve güvenli bir depolama için depo ortam sıcaklığının optimum durumda sağlanabilmesi için 73164.99 W’ lık toplam ısı ihtiyacı belirlenmiştir. Toplam soğutma ihtiyacı ise 105157.42 W olarak hesaplanmıştır. Projelemesi yapılan buğday deposunun 2022 yılına ait birim fiyatlarına göre KDV dahil yaklaşık Mekanik sistem (havalandırma, klima santrali ve otomasyon) maliyeti 586052.90 ₺, Elektrik tesisatı yaklaşık maliyeti 195145.39 ₺, İnşaat yapı elemanları yaklaşık maliyeti 2334272.79 ₺ olmak üzere toplam yaklaşık maliyeti 3115471.08 ₺ olarak belirlenmiştir.
Milk Yield, Fertility, Udder Characteristics, and Raw Milk Somatic Cell Count of the Damascus Goats Reared in Iğdır Conditions
Authors: CAN Ali , YILMAZ İsa
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the somatic cell number (SCC), udder characteristics and some yield characteristics in Damascus goats. This study was carried out on the Damascus goats raised on a private farm brought the first time in Iğdır province of Turkey in 2013. In the study, 62 Damascus goats were measured SCC of 620 milk samples, monthly milk yields, and udder characteristics in 2019. In the study, mean values of some udder characteristics such as udder circumference, udder width, udder bottom height, udder upper height, teat angle, udder volume, teat diameter, and teat length were determined as 41.83±0.13 cm, 13.07±0.04 cm, 30.57±0.14 cm, 51.01±0.15 cm, 38.02±0.13º, 1754.84±10.65 ml, 6.09±0.09 mm and 5.44±0.06 cm, respectively. In raw milk, mean values of SCC and logarithmic Log10SCC were found as 503,120±40,020 cells ml-1 and 5,543±0.037 cells ml-1, respectively. The effect of birth type and lactation order on SCC and Log10SCC was found to be significant (p<0.01). Average daily milk yield, lactation length, and lactation milk yield, which are among the factors affecting milk yield, were found as 2.14±0.05 kg, 292.15±0.60 day, and 626.23±12.94 kg, respectively. The effect of lactation length and season on average dairy milk yield was found to be significant (p<0.01). The effects of udder type on lactation length (p<0.05), and lactation duration on lactation milk yield were found significant (p<0.01). As a result, it has been concluded that Damascus goats can be successfully raised under the conditions of Iğdır province.
Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Plant Growth, Yield, Quality Properties and Element Contents in Spinach
Authors: YAMAN TÜRKKAN Özgül , KİBAR Beyhan
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different organic fertilizers on plant growth, yield, quality properties and element contents in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). The research was carried out under open field conditions in Bolu province. In the study, Matador spinach variety was used and seven different applications were examined. The applications were as follows: 1) Control, 2) Chicken manure, 3) Turkey manure, 4) Sheep manure, 5) Cattle manure, 6) Vermicompost and 7) Chemical fertilizer. The experiment was established in randomized complete block design with three replications. According to the research findings, significant differences were found among the applications. In general, organic fertilizer applications significantly increased yield, plant height, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, dry matter content, number of marketable leaves, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and selenium contents of the plant in comparison with control and chemical fertilizer. The highest yield was determined in cattle manure application. It was observed that cattle manure increased the yield by 88.08% compared to the control and increased the yield by 41.16% compared to the chemical fertilizer. In organic fertilizer applications, heavy metal contents such as arsenic, chrome, cobalt, and nickel were found to be lower than the control and, aluminum and cadmium contents were found to be lower than chemical fertilizer. As a result, it was determined that organic fertilizers examined in the study have positive effects on plant growth, yield, quality properties and element contents of spinach and organic fertilizers can be used successfully for sustainable agriculture in spinach cultivation.
Yaprak Alma ve Su Potansiyeli Uygulamalarının Merlot Üzüm Çeşidinde Salkım Özellikleri ve Verime Etkileri
Authors: KORKUTAL İlknur , BAHAR Elman , CANDAR Serkan , AKTAŞ Fatma Betül
Published: August 2022

Bu araştırma Tekirdağ ili Şarköy ilçesinde Chateau Kalpak bağlarında Merlot/41B aşı kombinasyonu kullanılarak yaprak su potansiyeli ve yaprak alma uygulamalarının salkım özellikleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Deneme 2019-2020 ve 2020-2021 vejetasyon periyodunda bağda iki yıl süreyle yürütülmüştür. Yapılan yaprak su potansiyeli uygulamaları [S0 (Kontrol=sulamasız), S1 (-0.3/-0.5 MPa), S2 (-0.5/-0.7 MPa) ve S3 (<-0.7 MPa)] ve yaprak alma uygulamaları; Kontrol, Tam Pencere, Sağ Pencere ve Sol Pencere uygulaması şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Tekirdağ ili Şarköy ilçesinde Merlot üzüm çeşidi yetiştiriciliğinde düşük salkım eni, salkım boyu, salkım ağırlığı ve salkımdaki tane sayısı elde edilmesi istendiğinde; Sol Pencere uygulamasının seçilebileceği, düşük salkım ağırlığı, salkım hacmi ve salkım sıklığı istendiğinde de S3 stres uygulamasının tercih edilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
THE DYNAMIC OF THE SOCIO-AFFECTIVE RELATIONS IN A ROMANIAN RURAL HANDBALL SCHOOL TEAM
Authors:   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, Romania, email: broana@uaic.ro, RUSU OANA , HRIȘCĂ RITA-MARGIT ,   School Zmeu, Lungani, Iași, Romania, PETREA RENATO-GABRIEL ,   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, Romania
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT. Introduction. It is human nature to interact with the other. Interpersonal relationships appear as an invisible connection beyond the spoken words and the informational content of the communication. Starting from the age peculiarities of the students, from their motor possibilities, but also from the personality of each one, taking into account the affinities in the relationship with the others, the teacher can form a group in which to obtain performance with a rural school team. Objectives: 1) identifying the types and meanings of relationships between group members (acceptance, rejection, indifference relationships) and 2) identifying gender influences on the dynamics of relationships between target group members. Methods: The sociometric test was applied on the handball team of the Romanian rural school, 28 students, 14 14 boys and 14 girls), of different ages, between 11 and 14 years old. The average age of the group is 12.89 years, 13 years for boys and 13.64 years for girls. Results: Male subjects received more positive choices than rejections compared to female subjects. 3 subjects (2 boys and a girl) are the most popular. Most members of the group, 14, are in zone B (Liked more than disliked), 8 b and 6f. Another 7 (1b and 6f) are in zone C (Disliked more than liked). None are in zones E (Rejected) and F (Neglected). Conclusions: The first positive elections were aimed at members of the same gender. Male subjects focused their first positive choices more on same-sex subjects, but most girls focused more on male subjects. The rejection options are oriented towards the other gender. There is at the group level an individualized acceptance according to the personality, qualities and sports abilities of each member of the group.
HIGH SCHOOL FEMALE STUDENTS’ SATISFACTION DEGREE AFTER PRACTICING SPECIFIC AQUAGYM PROGRAMS AS AN EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITY
Authors:   Doctoral School in Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Craiova, Romania, email: georgescu.carmen.u9w@student.ucv.ro, GEORGESCU CARMEN-MARIANA , ORȚĂNESCU DORINA ,   Department of Theory and Methodology of Motor Activities, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Craiova, Romania, IORDĂCHESCU MARINA ELENA ,   Doctoral School in Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Craiova, Romania, JURCA MARIA OANA ,   Doctoral School in Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Craiova, Romania
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT. Introduction. The aquatic environment offers numerous exercise opportunities with a focus on achieving sports performance, as well as a number of beneficial effects compared to the terrestrial environment. The biological adaptation to aquagym-specific exercises, supported by the physical properties of the aquatic environment, is the response of the body to physical stimuli leading to ameliorative changes in body functions. The novelty of the activity and the relative ease of this form of physical exercise stimulated and motivated the female participants in an aquagym program carried out in the 1st semester of the school year 2021-2022. Objective. Our statement is supported by the results obtained from carrying out a satisfaction survey which aimed to highlight the impact of aquatic recreational activities, namely aquagym, and the effectiveness of the means selected in the operational programs on motor and functional capacity. Materials and Methods. The study included 37 high school female students, aged 16-17, from “Carol I” National College in Craiova. In order to optimize the students’ motor skills, an aquagym-specific program of exercises was developed and carried out along 12 sessions of 50 minutes each. At the end of the program, an opinion questionnaire was administered addressing high school female students’ degree of satisfaction with the content of aquagym sessions. Results. The application of the questionnaire-based satisfaction survey highlighted the advantages of practicing aquagym ranging from bio-motor benefits, such as the increase in flexibility, balance and muscular strength, to aspects outlining the improvement in some components of quality of life. The result of this survey confirms that the aquagym program was appreciated by the students who became aware of the positive effects obtained. Conclusions. Our students’ participation in aquagym-specific programs revealed the need to improve the educational offer of the school subject Physical Education and to harmonize the contents of the classes with students’ options. The analysis of the survey findings shows that the students rated the recreational content higher than the effects on motor skills and, surprisingly, a very small percentage of the students appreciated the effects on body shaping.
ONLINE UNIVERSITY TEACHING SYSTEM, WITH 7 MODULES, QUANTIFIED WITH EXPERIENCE POINTS (XP), IN COMPUTER-ASSISTED TRAINING, PSYCHOPEDAGOGICAL TRAINING MODULE
Authors:   Faculty of Psychology and Science of Education, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, email: remus.vaidahazan@ubbcluj.ro, VĂIDĂHĂZAN REMUS , JULEAN IULIA ,   Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, MOHOLEA ADINA ,   Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: August 2022

Abstract. In the present study, a gamified didactic system structured on 7 modules was built. Each training module offered students mandatory and optional assignments. A number of 53 assignments were designed for this didactic system, distributed on the 7 modules, of which 23 assignments were mandatory and 30 were optional. Each assignment had an equivalent number of experience points (XP). For the correct solving of each assignment the student received the grade "admitted" and the equivalent XP. It was verified, by evaluating the implemented system, the general level of attractiveness and students' perceptions on the level of pragmatism and on the hedonic aspect. Our research has shown that the degree of attractiveness of this system has been high enough to motivate us to implement it in the future. The stimulation and innovation that such a system brings are strong points that can promote involvement in didactic activity, but we must look for very effective ways to properly condition the solving of as many assignments as possible.
THE SOCIAL MATTER OF INCLUDING PUPILS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES
Authors:   West University of Timisoara, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Romania, MEZO ALEXANDRU MARIUS , ALMAJAN-GUȚĂ BOGDAN ,   West University of Timisoara, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Romania, email: bogdan.almajan@e-uvt.ro, PETRACOVSCHI SIMONA ,   West University of Timisoara, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Romania
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT. Introduction: The specific educational needs of pre-university teachers in physical education and sports classes in working with students with special educational needs has certain peculiarities. Objectives: Identifying the profile of the physical education and sports teacher; their attitudes, skills and abilities necessary to promote the social inclusion of students with special educational needs in the physical education and sports classes provided in the school curriculum. Identifying examples of good practice to combat the social exclusion of students with special educational needs in physical education and sports classes. Materials and methods: Using the Systematic Review method, a number of 434 articles were initially identified. Following the establishment of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a number of 18 studies were retained for analysis. Results: Peer guidance has proven to be an effective way to facilitate inclusive physical education. However, supplementing the findings with qualitative data from students with disabilities and their teachers on the peer guidance strategy in different cultural and school settings could provide a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the strategy. Furthermore, it is also suggested that more studies could focus on the roles and responsibilities of support teachers in physical education and sports classes. Conclusions: Future studies examining the effects of inclusion on students with or without disabilities should also address student attitudes, social interactions, and the acquisition of cognitive development and motor skills in inclusive physical education settings.
THE NIVOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THE BÂRGĂU MOUNTAINS WITH RELEVANCE FOR THE PRACTICE OF WINTER SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Geography, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, email: john_grimo@yahoo.com, BÎCA IOAN , ZANCA RAOUL ,   Babeș-Bolyai Univeristy, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, BĂLAN MIHAI ,   Meteo.BN Project, Romania
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT. The Bârgău Mountains are located in the northern group of the Eastern Carpathians and represent a territory with a vocation for practicing winter sports (especially cross-country skiing), but also for sports leisure (hiking, cross-country skiing, freeride). This is due to the snow potential of the mountainous area, especially above 1000 m, where the specific phenomena of winter favor the deposition of a thick layer of snow, which, however, fluctuates in duration and thickness depending on climatic variations affecting the region. The analysis of the snow potential was based on the observations made during 2018-2022, on winter phenomena and snow deposits, and the data obtained were correlated with the morphometric characteristics of the relief, finally establishing the optimal areas for certain sports and leisure activities.
POST PANDEMIC INSIGHTS ON ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES OF VIRTUAL WORK
Authors: BUTOI Elisabeta , ANDRONACHE Vlada
Published: August 2022

The virtual work has been implemented in some areas more than others, and particularly in information and communication technology field several years before the pandemic. But, due to the lockdowns while the Covid-19 pandemic, imposed remote work was a new experience for many. This research examines, by the use of a survey, the benefits and the challenges of telework. The respondents confirmed those elements to specific degrees answering to the closed questions and mentioned their perspectives in the open questions. The study focuses on items concerning employees and employer while telecommuting, highlighting their work performance in terms of leading, communicating and accomplishing the tasks. Productivity, work-life balance, well-being, virtual leadership and communication, and the preference for future teleworking are some of the aspects detailed. The findings show correlations between those elements, the preference for continue virtual working is directly linked to work-life balance influenced by remote work productivity, time management efficiency, concentration capacity, and depending on safety and protection measures in the telework system.
Article history: Received 2 June 2022; Revised 15 June 2022; Accepted 22 June 2022; Available online 30 June 2022; Available print 30 August 2022.
JEL Classification: M10, M54, M15
CULTURAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM IN ŞALIURFA MEDIEVAL CAVE STONE QUARRIES “BAZDA CAVES”
Authors: ÇETINER ÖZDEMIR Olcay , TUNÇAY Fatma , ÖZDEMIR Şentürk
Published: August 2022

Cultural and natural heritage is a consociate heritage of all humanity. As the country and region where the cultural heritage is located gains importance, more tourists come and thus economic gain for the region increases with tourism. Located in the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List, the Bazda Caves with their appearance and mysterious history, that are located within the borders of the historical Harran district of Şanlıurfa, should be introduced to the world by bringing them together with cultural tourism. In the study, “Bazda Caves” will be examined and the relationship with tourism as a Cultural Heritage value will be conveyed.
Article history: Received 18 April 2022; Revised 23 May 2022; Accepted 7 June 2022; Available online 30 June 2022; Available print 30 August 2022.
JEL Classification: L83, Z00, Z39
ANALYSING THE EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS OF THE EXCHANGE RATE, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND TRADE OPENNESS ON SOUTH AFRICA’S NON-TRADABLE SECTORS
Authors: CHIPETA Chama
Published: August 2022

Mounting assertions of the increased benefits of foreign trade integration, in terms of increased wages and labour, as well as factor productivity and resource reallocations, are accompanied by subsequent concerns of coexisting job destruction, particularly for countries with evidently rising unemployment and poverty levels. Such is the case for a post-apartheid South African economy, ravaged by persistently high unemployment rates amid increased trade liberalisation. In drawing meaningful inherences, this study examined the effects of South Africa’s trade openness, the real effective exchange rate and foreign direct investment (FDI) on job creation or employment in selected non-tradable sectors. A quantitative approach was used, with the aforementioned trade-related factors as explanatory variables. Employment in the non-tradable sector’s construction, finance, and the wholesale and retail trade sector served as dependent variables. A quarterly dataset from 1995Q1 to 2021Q1 was employed. While the standard Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to gauge short-run and long-run relationships. Further econometric methods such as the correlations analysis were conducted to obtain additional understanding of the nature of the set variables. Findings showed that trade liberalisation effects induce varying implications on employment in the considered non-tradable sectors, perhaps due to idiosyncratic characteristics in the nature and operational structure of each sector. Trade openness was shown to have exhibited significant long-run implications on job creation in all the sectors, whereas the parameters of the rest of the explanatory series were not significant in the long-run. Results further showcased mixed short-run effects of trade factors on employment in all sectors, with significant parameters for the real effective exchange rate and trade openness with employment in the construction sector. Including significant short-run relationships for the real effective exchange rate with employment in the finance sector. Significant parameters for employment in the wholesale and retail trade sector with FDI and the real effective exchange rate were established. Further inferences were made in expounding on the established dynamics.
Article history: Received 8 Ferbruary 2022; Revised 3 May 2022; Accepted 15 May 2022; Available online 30 June 2022; Available print 30 August 2022.
JEL Classification: E24, F16, F31, O49
INTERACTION AND ITS FAILURES: AN APPROACH THROUGH EMBARRASSMENT AND SHAME
Authors: MAIRE Hélène , CHARAFEDDINE Rawan , VAN DER HENST Jean-Baptiste
Published: August 2022

The present study is a theoretical and methodological proposal rooted in the field of social developmental psychology and describes three objectives. First, it aims to show how transgressive situations are conducive to study of social norms governing interactions. Second, the similarities and differences between two emotions, namely shame and embarrassment, are outlined in order to better understand how their respective measures can highlight social norms in interactions. Third, we illustrate our proposal to study social norms through emotional reactions by presenting an ongoing experiment, that examines how children may react to a power situation.
IS INTERACTION JUST A DYNAMICAL PROCESS?
Authors: PETRIȘOR Mihai-Alexandru
Published: August 2022

In this article I argue for a pluralistic vision of interaction and social cognition in general: we should imagine the landscape of types of interactions as a line segment whose ends represent radical positions (purely inferentialist or purely simulationist theories on one end and radical embodied cognition on the other) on which different types of interactions fall. The closer to any extreme a particular type is, then the more likely it is to be better explained by the theory the extreme point represents. In order to delineate the controversy that stems from different conceptualizations of the same phenomenon and to articulate my position, I criticize Gallagher’s radical claims of embodied cognition as constituting social interaction. The main point that I make regarding his theory is that, even though it provides a satisfactory explanation for types that correspond to motor-perceptual processes, it only manages to metaphorically describe cases of interaction that involve articulated language use and, generally, semantically charged actions. Given that a serious researcher should be interested in accurate predictions or descriptions, it follows that Gallagher’s account is not all-encompassing, and, given the many virtues of other theories, we should adopt a pluralistic point-of-view.
Infection complicating 794 primary and revision arthroscopies. Accuracy of actual prophylactic procedures against infection and results from a single orthopedic center in Poland
Authors: Stępień Karolina , Kosterna Karol , Babiak Ireneusz
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Septic arthritis after arthroscopy (SAAA) is a devasting complication which reported frequency varies about 0.04%–5.7%. The aim of the study is to analyze frequency of SAAA at one orthopedic center, risk factors and accuracy of actual prophylactic measures.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective study (level of evidence: V) includes 794 (665 primary and 129 revision) “clean” arthroscopies performed in the years 2017–2018 with confirmed joint infection during 30 days after operation without the use of non-resorbable implants and up to 1 year after procedures with non-resorbable implants. Demographic and medical data about potential risk factors of SAAA were analyzed: patients age, sex, operated joint, type of procedure, primary or revision procedure, the use of drains, usage of non-absorbable implant, time of surgery, BMI, time lapse from index operation to diagnosis of SAAA, length of hospital stay, causative microorganisms. All operations were performed by eight different but experienced surgeons, in operation theatre with vertical laminar flow with the capacity of 50 air exchanges per hour. The perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis consisted of one preoperative dose 1 g cefazolin in simple arthroscopies, which was prolonged to 24 hours with 3 doses in cases of implantation of non-absorbable implant (55.8% of patients).

Results

From 794 cases 4 have been infected: 2 after knee arthrolysis, one after ACL reconstruction and one after rotator cuff repair. There were 2 early, with manifestation within 30 days, and 2 late-onset SAAA. Infections occurred in 0.5% of all arthroscopies and in 0.47% of knee arthroscopies alone. Patients age and time of surgery have not been found significantly different in infected and non-infected cases, whereas age and time of surgery have been significantly different in revision and non-revision cases.

Conclusions

Primarily aseptic arthroscopic procedures performed with respect to actual perioperative preventive measures have a low risk of postoperative septic arthritis. The risk increases with patients age and time of operation, but not significantly.