bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Onkologische Pflege in der Pädiatrie
Authors: Dietrich Melisa , Löhner Silke , Dobis Maja
Published: October 2023

Kinder und Jugendliche mit einer malignen Tumorerkrankung zu versorgen ist eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe für das gesamte Behandlungsteam. Welche Besonderheiten Pflegende zu beachten haben und wie man den Bedürfnissen dieser speziellen Patientengruppe gerecht wird, veranschaulicht ein anonymisiertes Fallbeispiel.
Pflegerische Professionalisierung im Rahmen psychosozialer Eltern- und Familienberatung
Authors: Rohde Katrin S.
Published: October 2023

Pflegerische Beratung fördert, so Bohrer 1, die persönlichen und sozialen Ressourcen im Sinne des Umgangs mit Gesundheit und Krankheit. Pflegende, die sich im Berufsverlauf für Beratungsaufgaben spezialisieren, haben eine kontextualisierte berufliche und persönliche Entwicklung vollzogen. Diese wird gefördert durch Fort- und Weiterbildung, eine reflexive Haltung und vertiefte Wissenschaftsfundierung und die Orientierung am Aufgabenfeld, wie es hier am Beispiel der Neonatologie beschrieben wird.
Regulation des Calciumhaushaltes
Authors: Hartmann Julius Andreas Erich , Siggelkow Heide
Published: October 2023

Ziel Der Calciummetabolismus wird in einem engen physiologischen Fenster
gesteuert. Die beteiligten Organsysteme und die verschiedenen
Regulationsmechanismen werden in dieser Arbeit vorgestellt.

Methoden Es handelt sich um eine Übersichtsarbeit aus der
vorliegenden Literatur.

Ergebnisse Von den täglich aufgenommen 1000 mg Calcium
kommt es zu einer Nettoaufnahme von ca. 200 mg pro Tag. Die
Calciumregulation erfolgt über die Resorption im Darm, die
Rückresorption oder Ausscheidung über die Nieren und die
Freisetzung vom oder den Einbau in den Knochen. Veränderungen im
Serumspiegel wirken über den Calcium-Sensing Rezeptor an der
Nebenschilddrüsenzelle auf die Parathormonsekretion und an der Niere
direkt über die Transportproteine auf die Rückresorption von
Calcium. Parathormon reguliert die Freisetzung von Calcium auf den Knochen, die
Calciumausscheidung in der Niere und die Stimulation der Vitamin D Synthese.
Vitamin D wiederum erhöht die Calciumaufnahme aus dem Darm. Mit diesen
komplexen Regulationsmechanismen gelingt es dem Körper den
Calciumspiegel in dem engen Konzentrationsbereich zu halten

Schlußfolgerung Die Regulationsvorgänge für den
Erhalt des Calciumspiegels sind komplex und viele hormonelle
Veränderungen können beteiligt sein. Eine Störung des
Calciummetabolismus kann deshalb nicht allein am Calciumwert diagnostiziert
werden, da der Wert sich erst ganz spät ändert. Für die
Diagnosestellung einer Calciumstoffwechselstörung kann deshalb die
Bestimmung von Vitamin D, 1,25D, PTH und der Calciumausscheidung, sowie von
Knochenumsatzparametern und der Knochendichte erforderlich sein.
Utility of Follicular Unit Excision using Non-Scalp Donor Hair
Authors: Gabel Steven
Published: October 2023

Non-scalp donor hair harvesting, or body hair transplantation (BHT) offers patients an additional source of donor hair in cases when the scalp does not have an adequate supply for the intended recipient area. The most common applications for non-scalp donor hair are for patients with advanced hair loss, or to camouflage scarring from prior hair restoration procedures. For patients with available body hair, the beard is probably the best source followed by the chest and abdomen. Combined, these sources may be able to provide thousands of additional grafts for transplantation. Non-scalp hair donor harvesting is technically challenging and should be performed by those with extensive experience in follicular unit excision (FUE) surgical techniques.
Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-Catalyzed Stereoselective C-Glycosylation of Glycals: A Facile Synthesis of Allyl and Alkynyl Glycosides
Authors: Mandal Pintu Kumar , Gaurav Anand , Azeem Zanjila
Published: October 2023

In modern advances, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (commonly known as BCF) catalyst has risen to prominence owing to its extensive versatility in the use of myriad of organic reactions. An efficient and highly stereoselective α-C-glycosylation strategy is presented by employing a catalytic amount of B(C6F5)3 under mild reaction conditions en route to 2,3-unsaturated C-glycosides. The reaction features a broad functional group tolerance including a variety of glycals coupled with allyltrimethylsilane and trimethylsilylphenylacetylene to access the corresponding 2,3-unsaturated allyl- and alkynyl-C-glycosides with excellent α-selectivity. The reaction proceeds in good to excellent yields via concomitant borane activation of glycal donor under mild conditions.
Photoinduced Synthesis of 2-Trifluoromethylated Indoles through Oxidative Trifluoromethylation Using Langlois’ Reagent in the Absence of External Photocatalyst
Authors: Sharma Deepak K. , Das Samarpita , Indurthi Harish K. , Kumari Amita
Published: October 2023

A photoinduced approach for regioselective C-2 trifluoromethylation of indoles was achieved with CF3SO2Na under UV light irradiation (360–365 nm) at ambient conditions without any external photo activator. The key steps involve the in situ conversion of CF3SO2Na reagent to CF3
• radical under oxygen or air and UV irradiation. This proficient method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, fair substrate tolerability, and gram scalability.
Early Clinical Mapping of Submandibular Gland Fistula: A Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Dokania Vivek , Ibrar Md , Vishwakarma Mayashankar
Published: October 2023

Introduction Submandibular gland fistula (SGF) is a rare subset of salivary gland fistulas. It is seldom tough to diagnose them prior to surgical exploration, and it is often clinically confused with close differentials. An early diagnosis based on pertinent clinical features and focused radiological findings can be pivotal in optimal management and help prevent recurrence and avoid unnecessary investigations/interventions.

Objective To review articles that discuss SGF and provide vital etiological, clinical, and imaging features of this rare entity that can aid in early clinical diagnosis.

Data Synthesis An extensive review involving PubMed and Google Scholar and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards.

Conclusion Submandibular gland fistula is a rare entity. It can be confused with close differentials, including branchial fistulas, if not thoroughly examined. Discharge from fistulae along with submandibular pain/tenderness and/or swelling are important diagnostic clues. A history of trauma, nodule at the site of discharge, prior submandibular disease/calculi, or discharge aggravated with food further increases a clinical suspicion. Optimal radiological investigation looking for calculi/foreign body and delineating the fistula tract is vital to affirm a diagnosis. Gland with fistula excision is a commonly advocated treatment of choice with no reports of recurrence, although conservative management and gland preserving surgery have also reported a favorable prognosis.
Behavioral Assessment of Central Auditory Processing in Turner Syndrome
Authors: Santos Adriana Fernandes Duarte dos , Bazilio Martha Marcela Matos , Frota Silvana , Guimarães Marilia , Ribeiro Marcia Gonçalves
Published: October 2023

Introduction Turner syndrome (TS) affects ∼ 1 in 2,500 live births. The presence of hearing alterations is one of the comorbidities found in this syndrome.

Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the central auditory abilities in TS and to associate the alterations found with the cytogenetic pattern of the syndrome.

Methods We included children and adults aged 9 to 39 years old, diagnosed with TS, with numerical or structural alterations of sex chromosomes in their karyotype. A battery of behavioral tests of central auditory processing (CAP) was performed, including a test within the modalities: monoaural low-redundancy, dichotic listening, binaural interaction, and temporal processing (resolution and ordering). We studied auditory skills in the total sample and in the sample stratified by age, divided into groups: G1 (9 to 13 years old), G2 (14 to 19 years old), and G3 (20 to 31 years old). For the association of the cytogenetic pattern, the division was T1 (chromosome monosomy X), and T2 (other TS cytogenetic patterns). Statistical analysis presented data expressed as median and interquartile range for numerical data and as frequency and percentage for categorical data.

Results We found alterations in four auditory skills in the three age groups, but there was a statistically significant difference between the age groups only in the Gaps in Noise Test (GIN) (p-value = 0.009). Regarding karyotype, a greater number of alterations in the T1 cytogenetic pattern (chromosome monosomy X) was observed in four auditory skills, but without a statistically significant difference.

Conclusion The alterations found point to an impairment in CAP in TS.
Spectrum, Evolution, and Clinical Relationship of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 31 Children with Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome
Authors: Moreno-Brauer Darinka , Häusler Martin , Kluger Gerhard , Hensler Johannes , van Baalen Andreas
Published: October 2023

Objective Describing spectrum, evolution, and clinical relationship of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a large case series of children with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES).

Methods This retrospective study included 31 children with FIRES. Clinical data and MRI findings of the brain were evaluated. Poor clinical outcome was defined as severe disability, persistent vegetative state or stupor, very low intelligence quotient (<80), or death (modified Rankin scale 4–6 and Glasgow Outcome Score 1–3).

Results Seventeen (54.8%) children with FIRES showed no abnormalities in the initial MRI, whereas 28 (90.3%) children showed MRI abnormalities at follow-up. The most frequent abnormalities were brain atrophy (74.2%) and T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery changes (64.5%), mostly hippocampal (45.2%). Generalized brain atrophy was the most frequent type of atrophy (58%). The earliest atrophy was recorded 9 days after the onset of disease. It progressed even beyond the acute phase in most children (51.6%). The exploratory data analysis revealed nominal significance between all MRI abnormalities considered together and poor outcome (p = 0.049) and between generalized brain atrophy and anesthesia (p = 0.024). After adjustment for multiple testing, the p-values were not significant. The outcome in four (12.9%) children was not poor despite generalized brain atrophy.

Conclusion In contrast to the uniform clinical course, MRI demonstrated a broad spectrum of findings. Initially, these were mostly normal and therefore indicative of FIRES but then changed rapidly and were mostly progressive despite the stable chronic course. The cause may be ongoing disease, treatment intensity, or both. Future studies should focus on what process underlies the onset and the progression of brain atrophy. However, brain atrophy was not always related to poor outcomes in children despite FIRES.
Plantar Psoriasis Treated with Individualised Homoeopathic Medicine – A Case Report
Authors: Shukla Indu , Bansal Priya
Published: October 2023

Psoriasis is a common non-infectious disease that is considered a chronic autoimmune condition. It is T-cell mediated and characterized by the rapid replacement of epidermal cells on the basal membrane level. Affecting approximately 2 to 3% of the population, around 3 to 4% of individuals with psoriasis experience palmoplantar psoriasis. This type of psoriasis can manifest at any age. Psoriasis, being a chronic skin disorder, impacts various aspects of an individual's social life. Homoeopathy has demonstrated positive outcomes in treating skin complaints. In this presentation, we discuss a diagnosed case of plantar psoriasis that was managed with individualized homoeopathic medicine. The patient exhibited itching eruptions on both soles, characterized by chronic local dryness, hardness, cracking, and roughness, without any other accompanying systemic complaints. This condition was treated using individualized homoeopathic medicine. The patient displayed significant improvement with the prescribed medicine, achieving full recovery within 6 months. The treatment comprised two doses of Sulphur 30 at a 1-month interval, followed by one dose of Sulphur 200 at a 4-month interval. Notably, there was no relapse for over 2 years, indicating that the benefits of the therapy persisted long after the treatment concluded. An assessment of possible causal attribution was conducted using the Modified Naranjo Criteria (Score-7 out of 13). Photographic documentation was conducted at the beginning and conclusion of the treatment. The negative impact of this chronic condition on the patients' quality of life was evaluated through the Dermatology Life Quality Index and was significantly ameliorated with homoeopathic treatment.
How nudges and marketing, frame time preference “for your own good”: a behavioral model
Authors: Corcos Anne
Published: October 2023

Marketing and nudges rely on choice framing to « do you good »: whether encouraging you to indulge in the pleasures of a pastry (marketing) or to save for retirement (nudges). What sets them apart? This article makes a threefold contribution in understanding their differences. First, it shows that marketing and nudges differ in their interpretation of “your interest”. Marketing emphasizes immediate gratification and succumbing to temptation, while nudges prioritize our future well-being. Second, this difference manifests itself in the role of time preference. Marketing exploits our lack of self-control to influence behavior, whereas nudges help individuals resist the lure of immediate rewards. In doing so, nudges overcome deep-rooted behavioral and neural mechanisms. Finally, the article develops a behavioral model common to marketing and nudges that shows how they use similar behavioral tools to promote and mitigate time preference, respectively.
From university to industry: more academics needed to drive innovation in commercial nuclear fusion
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: October 2023

Comparing commercial fusion to other high-tech industries like nuclear fission and aeronautics reveals more needs to be done to create tomorrow’s experts in today’s universities.
Generalized geometric criteria for the absence of effective many-body interactions in the Asakura–Oosawa model
Authors: Wittmann René , Jansen Sabine , Löwen Hartmut
Published: October 2023

We investigate variants of the Asakura–Oosawa (AO) model for colloid-polymer mixtures, represented by hard classical particles interacting via their excluded volume. The interaction between the polymers is neglected but the colloid-polymer and colloid-colloid interactions are present and can be condensed into an effective depletion interaction among the colloids alone. The original AO model involves hard spherical particles in three spatial dimensions with colloidal radii R and the so-called depletion radius δ of the polymers, such that the minimum possible center-to-center distance between polymers and colloids allowed by the excluded-volume constraints is R + δ. It is common knowledge among physicists that there are only pairwise effective depletion interactions between the colloids if the geometric condition δ/R<2/3−1 is fulfilled. In this case, triplet and higher-order many body interactions are vanishing and the equilibrium statistics of the binary mixture can exactly be mapped onto that of an effective one-component system with the effective depletion pair-potential. Here we rigorously prove that the criterion δ/R<2/3−1 is both sufficient and necessary to guarantee the absence of triplet and higher-order many body interactions among the colloids. For an external hard wall confining the system, we also include a criterion which guarantees that the system can be exactly mapped onto one with effective external one-body interactions. Our general formulation also accounts for polydisperse mixtures and anisotropic shapes of colloids in any spatial dimension. In those cases where the resulting condition is only sufficient, we further demonstrate how to specify improved bounds.
Numerical investigation on atomization characteristics of sustainable aviation biofuel
Authors: Liu Yongqiang , Ding Qingmiao , Xiong Weilin , Yan Qun
Published: October 2023

It is critical to investigate the atomization features of sustainable aviation biofuel (SAF) to reduce carbon emissions. Fluent software was used to quantitatively simulate the atomization of the fuel. The control variable method was utilized to compare SAF to Chinese aviation fuel RP-3. The volume of fluid model (VOF) and the discrete phase model (DPM) were used to explore the variation law of SAF atomization characteristics in a two-way centrifugal nozzle with a pressure drop of 2–8 MPa and various nozzle configurations. The experimental results suggest that the model is effective. The results demonstrate that when pressure increases, the average diameter of SAF’s Sauter mean diameter reduces from 80 to 23 µm and the spray penetration distance increases from 0.32 to 0.6 m, allowing for more stable fuel combustion. Meanwhile, as the nozzle outlet aspect ratio increases, such as increasing the nozzle diameter from 2.0 to 2.6 mm, the atomization cone angle varies from 60° to 110° and gradually declines, although the average diameter of Sauter only varies minimally within a limited range of 30–40 µm. All of these findings indicate that SAF has good atomization properties and the potential to be used as an aviation fuel.
Tunable open Janus functional thermal device based on moving thermal conductive medium
Authors: Chao Kun , Sun Fei , Chen Hanchuan , Liu Yichao , Chen Zihao , Ma Xiaomin , Chen Zhihui , Wang Jiangang
Published: October 2023

The Janus functional thermal device (JFTD) can produce different thermal modulation effects on the heat flow incident from different directions. To solve the problems of material anisotropy and non-interaction with the external environment in the thermal target region of the previous JFTD, an open JFTD is proposed by using a moving thermal conductive medium in four rectangular modules on the background thermal conductive plate. The thermal target region within the proposed open JFTD is an isotropic thermal conductive medium (e.g., the same as the background medium), which can be connected to the external region. The simulated results show that the proposed open JFTD performs as a thermal concentrator for the heat flows with incident angles between 0° and the critical angle and a thermal cloak for the heat flows with incident angles between the critical angle and 90°, which can be applied to the separate processing of multiple heat flows from different directions in various integrated systems.
Dynamics of macrophage tumor infiltration
Authors: Adebowale Kolade , Guerriero Jennifer L , Mitragotri Samir
Published: October 2023

Long-term remission in cancer patients treated with ex vivo bona fide M1-induced macrophages has been poor, and the reasons behind this are not understood. Injected M1 macrophages must physically migrate to tumors to execute their role that leads to a therapeutic benefit. However, the trafficking of macrophages to tumors has not been rigorously studied. We hypothesized that trafficking capabilities of macrophages are impacted when naïve M0 macrophages are converted into an M1 phenotype for macrophage therapy. To test this, we developed a three-dimensional assay comprising a tumor spheroid and macrophages to quantify macrophage tumor transport. Cell migration, permeability, and kinetics of tumor entry were quantitatively defined and compared between macrophage phenotypes. Our results demonstrate that compared to M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages migrate less efficiently toward the tumor spheroid and exhibit a fivefold lower tumor permeability. Live imaging data combined with unsupervised machine learning algorithms reveal that macrophage migration correlates with their shape transitions. Our studies highlight the importance of transport considerations in determining the efficacy of cell therapies. This study quantitatively demonstrates that the transport properties of macrophages in tumors depend on their phenotype.
Numerical simulation of virus-laden aerosol transmission in real human respiratory airways
Authors: Shim Gihun , Narayanan Sai Ranjeet , Yang Suo
Published: October 2023

In this study, the transport of virus-laden aerosols in real human airways is investigated through numerical simulations. Three different breathing modes (nasal, oral, and nasal–oral) are studied to analyze the behavior of the particle deposition in the respiratory airways of humans through realistic anatomical models. Increasing the flow rate typically leads to the augmentation of velocity profiles, turbulence, and pressure changes, specifically expanding the high velocity regions in the pharynx, larynx, and trachea. As a result, the deposition fractions of the total number of aerosols deposited in these regions increase, while a decrease in aerosol deposition is observed in the nasal and oral cavities. For the effects of increasing particle sizes, 2–10 μm particles exhibit a higher degree of clustering in the trachea for the nasal mode, in the larynx for the oral mode, and in the trachea for the nasal–oral mode, compared to the clustering of 1–10 μm particles. Considering the high deposition fraction in the upper airway regions, which are the primary factors contributing to the easy transmission of the virus through casual talking and coughing, the results demonstrate that the highest deposition fraction, exceeding 85%, is observed in the nasal mode with small aerosols ranging from 1 to 2 μm in diameter, and at the lowest flow rate of 15 LPM. In the lower airway regions, targeted drug delivery with the highest deposition fraction in the bronchial regions can be a solution for reducing respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which are caused by inflammatory conditions in the bronchi.
Research on acoustic emission multi-parameter characteristics in the failure process of imitation steel fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Li Haotian , Li Xuelong , Fu Jianhua , Gao Zhenliang , Chen Peng , Zhang Zhibo
Published: October 2023

Studies of the damage process of fiber-reinforced concrete through acoustic emission are very significant for concrete structural health monitoring. In this study, three specifications of fiber concrete and one group of plain concrete were prepared to carry out the uniaxial compression test and acoustic emission monitoring test; then, b value, entropy H, and variance D, were calculated and compared their characterization effect. The main results showed that fibers increased the degree of internal inhomogeneity of the specimens, making the acoustic emission response more active. For every 2% increase in fiber content, the total acoustic emission count and energy increased by about 20%, the acoustic emission precursor parameters changed more significantly, the b-value decreased by 2%–10%, the entropy and variance increased by 3%–5% and 2%–22%, respectively. The variation of b value, entropy, and variance can be divided into three phases: initial rising/falling, unstable transition, and fluctuating slow-rising/falling, which had good consistency with the stress curve. According to the linear fitting results, the b value that dropped below the envelope in the post-peak phase can be taken as the damage precursor point, and its accuracy and generalizability were better. The entropy at the failure moment was around 0.6, but the value close to or above 0.6 occurred several times during the damage process, and taking the entropy value beyond the envelope range as the failure precursor point may lead to the error early warning. The variance was slightly worse to distinguish small-scale fracture, but was not susceptible to high-energy events. Therefore, variances close to 5 or beyond the envelope interval can be regarded as the precursor of final failure. As for studying concrete damage processes with acoustic emission, it is suggested to combine multiple parameters for comprehensive discrimination.
Control of Ag acceptor concentration and pn-junction depth in single crystalline Mg2Si photodiodes
Authors: Sakane S. , Udono H.
Published: October 2023

We have investigated the relationship between the Ag concentration and the pn-junction depth in the Mg2Si pn-junction photodiodes fabricated by thermal diffusion of the Ag acceptor. The Ag concentration profiles and pn-junction depths in the samples annealed between 400 and 550 °C were studied by secondary ion mass spectroscopy and electron beam-induced current (EBIC) images. We observed two kinds of lattice diffusions of substitutional and interstitial Ag atoms with two different diffusion coefficients, of which activation energies were ∼0.97 and 0.75 eV, respectively. The depth of pn-junction observed by EBIC images increased with annealing temperature and annealing time. On the other hand, the average Ag concentration did not depend on the annealing time but depended on the annealing temperature. These results indicate that the average Ag concentration and pn-junction depth in Mg2Si photodiodes can be controlled by annealing temperature and annealing time, respectively. This study would contribute to the development of Mg2Si pn-junction photodiodes.
Electronic, magnetic, and structural properties of CoVMnSb: Ab initio study
Authors: Lukashev Pavel V. , Ramker Adam , Schmidt Brandon , Shand Paul M. , Kharel Parashu , Mkhitaryan Vagharsh , Ning Zhenhua , Ke Liqin
Published: October 2023

We present computational results on electronic, magnetic, and structural properties of CoVMnSb, a quaternary Heusler alloy. Our calculations indicate that this material may crystallize in two energetically close structural phases: inverted and regular cubic. The inverted cubic phase is the ground state, with ferrimagnetic alignment, and around 80% spin polarization. Despite having a relatively large bandgap in the minority-spin channel close to the Fermi level, this phase does not undergo a half-metallic transition under pressure. This is explained by the “pinning” of the Fermi level at the minority-spin states at the Γ point. At the same time, the regular cubic phase is half-metallic and retains its perfect spin polarization under a wide range of mechanical strain. Transition to a regular cubic phase may be attained by applying uniform pressure (but not biaxial strain). In practice, this pressure may be realized by an atomic substitution of non-magnetic atoms (Sb) with another non-magnetic atom (Si) of a smaller radius. Our calculations indicate that 25% substitution of Sb with Si results in a half-metallic regular cubic phase being the ground state. In addition, CoVMnSb0.5Si0.5 retains its half-metallic properties under a considerable range of mechanical pressure, as well as exhibits thermodynamic stability, thus making this alloy attractive for potential spintronic applications. We hope that the presented results will stimulate experimental efforts to synthesize this compound.
Trade-offs between cost and information in cellular prediction
Authors: Tjalma Age J. , Galstyan Vahe , Goedhart Jeroen , Slim Lotte , Becker Nils B. , ten Wolde Pieter Rein
Published: October 2023

Living cells can leverage correlations in environmental fluctuations to predict the future environment and mount a response ahead of time. To this end, cells need to encode the past signal into the output of the intracellular network from which the future input is predicted. Yet, storing information is costly while not all features of the past signal are equally informative on the future input signal. Here, we show for two classes of input signals that cellular networks can reach the fundamental bound on the predictive information as set by the information extracted from the past signal: Push–pull networks can reach this information bound for Markovian signals, while networks that take a temporal derivative can reach the bound for predicting the future derivative of non-Markovian signals. However, the bits of past information that are most informative about the future signal are also prohibitively costly. As a result, the optimal system that maximizes the predictive information for a given resource cost is, in general, not at the information bound. Applying our theory to the chemotaxis network ofEscherichia colireveals that its adaptive kernel is optimal for predicting future concentration changes over a broad range of background concentrations, and that the system has been tailored to predicting these changes in shallow gradients.
Exploring the Case: Animal Rescue Tourism: Supporting the Welfare and Rights of Domesticated Street Animals in the Age of Social Media
Authors: Blaer Madelene
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Animal Aid Unlimited (AAU), an animal rescue organisation in India, provides a case where the welfare and rights of domesticated street animals are supported through social media and volunteer tourism. AAU’s online activities and popular videos have generated international recognition and their animal-based volunteer programme provides visitors and tourists with meaningful experiences. Together, these efforts have led to increased awareness and donations that are used to enhance positive impacts for animals’ lives. The intersections of animal ethics, tourism and digitalism provide a fascinating space and a plethora of opportunities for research, study and teaching. A number of avenues for further research, questions for discussion and activities to apply the key theories and concepts surrounding animal rescue tourism are provided in this exploring the case.
Triaxial piezoresistive force sensor probe with high sensitivity and stiffness using 3D notch structure
Authors: Takahashi Hidetoshi , Takei Yusuke , Noda Kentaro , Matsumoto Kiyoshi , Shimoyama Isao
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a microelectromechanical system triaxial piezoresistive force sensor probe with high sensitivity and stiffness. The sensor probe is composed of a cantilever and four supporting beams. Two of the four beams had horizontal notch parts at the root, and sidewall-doped piezoresistors were utilised to detect the in-plane deformation. There was a vertical notch at the root of the remaining two beams and a surface-doping piezoresistor in one beam to detect the out-of-plane deformation. Thus, the proposed sensor probe measures the three directional forces applied to the cantilever tip with high sensitivity and stiffness owing to the corresponding piezoresistive notch structures. We demonstrate a fabrication process that forms the notch structure and the surface and sidewall doping methods. Our fabricated device was confirmed capable of measuring triaxial forces with a force resolution at the sub-micro-Newton level.
Characterization of near-field emission and structure of an SLD by polarization parametric indirect microscopic imaging
Authors: Ni Bin , Chen Wei , Ye Shengwei , Xue Lu , Hou Lianping , Marsh John H , Gu Kai , Sun Chaofu , Liu Xuefeng , Xiong Jichuan
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a novel polarization parametric indirect microscopic imaging (PIMI) method is utilized for the first time to characterize the near-field emission mode and end-face structure of nanoscale semiconductor light-emitting chips. Via polarization modulation and detection of the emitted light from an superluminescent diode chip, abundant information including the distinct border of the emission mode, which cannot be seen by the traditional method, is collected and visualized as the form of multi-dimensional photon state distribution images. The polarization property distribution of the emission mode was visualized for the first time. Besides, by concurrent analysis of PIMI images of the end-face structure and emission mode, potential impurities adhered to the emitting facet can be precisely screened and located. The proposed method here has considerable advantages in the characterization of the light-emitting devices, paving a new way for precise, convenient, cost-effective, and large-scale quality inspection in industries.
New insights into the electronic structure of α-U and δ-Pu
Authors: Kutepov A L , Tobin J G , Yu S-W , Chung B W , Roussel P
Published: October 2023

This work presents the results of a theoretical study of the electronic structure of two actinide metals, α-U and δ-Pu. We compare our ab-initio results obtained with the recently developed self-consistent Vertex corrected GW approach with previously published experimental measurements such as photo-electron spectroscopy, for the occupied density of states, and bremsstralung isochromat spectroscopy (BIS) and inverse photo-electron spectroscopy (IPES), for the unoccupied density of states. Our ab-initio approach includes all important relativistic effects (it is based on Dirac’s equation) and it represents the first application of the Vertex corrected GW approach in the physics of actinides. Overall, our theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data, which supports the level of approximations which our theoretical method is based upon. By comparing our vertex corrected GW results with our results obtained with less sophisticated approaches (local density approximation and self-consistent GW) we differentiate the strength of correlation effects in Uranium and Plutonium. Also, our theoretical results allow us to elucidate the subtle differences between the previously published experimental BIS and IPES data on the unoccupied density of states in α-U.
Multi-sensor gearbox fault diagnosis using generalized minimum entropy deconvolution and main frequency center extraction
Authors: Liu Wenyu , Wang Qiang , Xu Feiyun
Published: October 2023

Accurate diagnosis of gearbox faults is vital to maintain the stability and dependability of rotating machinery. In practical engineering scenarios, the installation of multiple sensors is often necessary to monitor numerous variables and gather extensive information. To effectively utilize the fault information from multiple sensors and improve fault diagnosis performance, this paper presents a gearbox fault diagnosis method using generalized minimum entropy deconvolution (GMED) and main frequency center extraction (MFCE). Firstly, the introduced GMED enhances the fault signals from multiple sensors through the maximization of standardized moments, offering advantages such as stability, wide applicability, and minimal parameter tuning requirements. Subsequently, the proposed MFCE is employed to extract features. MFCE selects main spectral lines and derives a novel feature metric named main frequency center. This not only further reduces the influence of interfering components, but also requires the extraction of only 2 n features (where n is the number of sensors) to achieve a high fault recognition rate, while remaining compatible with multiple classical classifiers. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are demonstrated through experimental results on two gearbox fault datasets.
SCA-Former: transformer-like network based on stream-cross attention for medical image segmentation
Authors: Gao Chengrui , Cheng Junlong , Yang Ziyuan , Chen Yingyu , Zhu Min
Published: October 2023

Objective. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely applied in medical image analysis and achieved satisfactory performances. While most CNN-based methods exhibit strong feature representation capabilities, they face challenges in encoding long-range interaction information due to the limited receptive fields. Recently, the Transformer has been proposed to alleviate this issue, but its cost is greatly enlarging the model size, which may inhibit its promotion. Approach. To take strong long-range interaction modeling ability and small model size into account simultaneously, we propose a Transformer-like block-based U-shaped network for medical image segmentation, dubbed as SCA-Former. Furthermore, we propose a novel stream-cross attention (SCA) module to enforce the network to focus on finding a balance between local and global representations by extracting multi-scale and interactive features along spatial and channel dimensions. And SCA can effectively extract channel, multi-scale spatial, and long-range information for a more comprehensive feature representation. Main results. Experimental results demonstrate that SCA-Former outperforms the current state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods on three public datasets, including GLAS, ISIC 2017 and LUNG. Significance. This work exhibits a promising method to enhance the feature representation of convolutional neural networks and improve segmentation performance.
ECGPsychNet: an optimized hybrid ensemble model for automatic detection of psychiatric disorders using ECG signals
Authors: Khare Smith K , Gadre Vikram M , Rajendra Acharya U
Published: October 2023

Background. Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and depression (DPR) are some of the leading causes of disability and suicide worldwide. The signs and symptoms of SCZ, BD, and DPR vary dynamically and do not have uniform detection strategies. The main causes of delays in the detection of psychiatric disorders are negligence by immediate caregivers, varying symptoms, stigma, and limited availability of physiological signals. Motivation. The brain functionality in the patients with SCZ, BD, and DPR changes compared to the normal cognition population. The brain–heart interaction plays a crucial role in tracking the changes in cardiac activities during such disorders. Therefore, this paper explores the application of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals for the detection of three psychiatric (SCZ, BD, and DPR) disorders. Method. This paper develops ECGPsychNet an ensemble decomposition and classification technique for the automated detection of SCZ, BD, and DPR using ECG signals. Three well-known decomposition techniques, empirical mode decomposition, variational mode decomposition, and tunable Q wavelet transform (TQWT), are used to decompose the ECG signals into various subbands (SBs). Various features are extracted from the different SBs and classified using optimizable ensemble techniques using two validation techniques. Results. The developed ECGPsychNet has obtained the highest classification accuracy of 98.15% using the features from the sixth SB of TQWT. Our proposed model has the highest detection rates of 98.96%, 96.04%, and 95.12% for SCZ, DPR, and BD. Conclusions. Our developed prototype is able to detect SCZ, DPR, and BD using ECG signals. However, the automated ECGPsychNet is ready to be tested with more datasets including different races and age groups.
Parametric investigations of wireless energy transfer using strain-mediated magnetoelectric transmitter-receiver
Authors: Kumar Amritesh , Newacheck Scott , Youssef George
Published: October 2023

Magnetoelectric (ME) composites inherently convert magnetic energy to electrical energy and vice-versa, making them a viable technology in wireless energy transfer (WET) applications. This article focuses on identifying the optimal configuration for achieving relatively high ME power conversion efficiency in a fully ME-based transmitter/receiver composite system. Two configurations of ME composites, one in concentric composite rings and the other in layered laminate formation, have been fabricated and used alternately as transmitters and receivers. The influence of three important parameters has been experimentally studied and reported, including the effect of (1) the magnetization state of the magnetostrictive components and (2) the relative orientation of and (3) the separation distance between the transmitter and the receiver. It has been found that a higher energy conversion efficiency is obtained in a configuration where the laminated plate was used as the transmitter while the ring composites acted as the receiver. Furthermore, the location and alignment of the receiver significantly influence the output transferred power. Lastly, the distance between the transmitter and the receiver has been observed to have an exponential inverse influence on the performance of the investigated WET system. These results have been deciphered by experimentally generating horizontal and vertical magnetic field mapping around the composite systems and capacitance measurement of the piezoelectric element. Thus, this article presents a detailed study of the parameters and their influence on the performance of the ME-based WET technology, which would be extremely useful in designing and optimizing devices based on this technology.
A systematic tomography framework for thickness mapping of pipes using helical guided waves
Authors: Qian Zhi , Li Peng , Qian Zhenghua , Wu Xianwei , Liu Dianzi , Kuznetsova Iren
Published: October 2023

Pipe wall loss caused by corrosion is of growing interest in the petrochemical industry. A systematic tomography framework using helical guided waves is developed in this paper to conduct a thickness mapping. In this work, the thickness under investigation is reconstructed using an objective function derived from the acoustic Helmholtz equation. The main approach consists of two parts. Firstly, the parametric dictionary is designed to separate the overlapped guided waves travelling in helical paths. After that, the scattering field can be extracted as the input of the distorted born iteration method. The imaging result is exemplified numerically and experimentally, with the strengths and drawbacks explained thoroughly. Remarkably, the thickness error of the simple defect is still within 0.5 mm when the input data is poor. A clear qualitative description of complex defects can be achieved through iterations even in the absence of an initial objective function. The framework established in this paper contributes a comprehensive imaging algorithm and the corresponding signal processing approach, all of which are conducive to providing some reference for engineering applications in nondestructive testing and structural health monitoring.
Tightly focused linearly and radially polarized beam effect on the LSPR peak with varying particle size
Authors: Sarita  , Jha Rajan , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: October 2023

Interactions of gold and silver spherical nanoparticles (NPs) of a wide range of radius size with tightly focused beams are investigated for a wide range of wavelengths. The scattering of tightly focused beams with a single NP of varying size is examined using a generalized Mie theory and average intensity enhancement in the near-field due to localized surface plasmons is examined for different tightly focused beams. A multipole expansion approach is used to observe the contribution of modes in shaping the scattered light intensity. Influence of particle size and tightly focused beam on intensity enhancement factor is investigated and a shift in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak towards higher wavelength is observed with increasing particle size. Maximum intensity enhancement factor due to scattering of different incident beams by a metallic NP is theoretically examined and reported. Gold and silver NP having radius size ranging from 30–60 nm and 1–15 nm respectively showed a maximum intensity enhancement factor in different media. A significant enhancement for the tightly focused radially polarized beam is observed for gold and silver NPs of radius size between 50 nm and 100 nm. Variation towards higher wavelength in LSPR peak due to involvement of higher order of multipoles, and the surrounding medium are also examined in detail.
Thermodynamic properties of M− C
60 dimers immersed in an inert gas
Authors: Silva-Molina R Yesenia G , Castellanos-Moreno Arnulfo , Castellanos-Jaramillo Alejandro , Castellanos-Jaramillo Juan M
Published: October 2023

When fullerenes

C

60

capture an alkali metal

M
−
C

60

,

they acquire a powerful permanent dipole. This suggests that if the system is in an inert atmosphere, like Argon, they tend to form dimers

(
M
−
C

60

)

2

,

producing a gas whose thermodynamical properties can be studied. On this work, we focus on the degrees of freedom that appear when the dimer has formed. The fraction of

(
M
−
C

60

)

2

that can be created is calculated by using the standard physical statistics and can be graphed against the temperature on the 273.15 K and 373.15 K interval. The usual procedure to obtain the Keesom energy is revised to show that it can only be valid for weakly interacting dipoles or when the separation distance between them is considerable. To solve the problem we use the correction to the Keesom energy obtained by Battezzati and Magnasco in order to introduce it into the partition function for the new degree of freedom. The energy, the Helmholtz energy and the entropy is calculated through both means. The results were represented on graphs against the distance of separation between the

M
−
C

60

.

These results show that using the Keesom term alone is unsuitable when the separation distances are lower than 0.7 nm. Lastly, the calculations of the Helmholtz, Gibbs, and enthalpy as functions of temperature show that the dimer formation is both spontaneous and exothermic, as well as stable and an important fraction of the total amount of gas molecules in the system.
Nonlinear interaction of electromagnetic wave with electron acoustic wave in plasma
Authors: Dutta M , Goswami J , Kausik S S
Published: October 2023

An analysis on the nonlinear interaction of electromagnetic waves with electron acoustic waves is performed in plasma with two different temperature electron fluids in the presence of a neutralizing static ion background. A newly structured Zakharov’s equations are derived employing two fluid two-time scale theory. These coupled Zakharov’s equations describe the weakly nonlinear interaction of em wave perturbation with electron acoustic waves while propagating through plasma. In the low frequency or adiabatic limit, these Zakharov’s equations may be unified to produce a modified NLSE. A solution of the equation, novel in the literature, is derived following the method shown by Kudryashov. In a resonant regime, the modified NLSE reduces to NLSE. Though a stable solution exists for both cases, instability analysis shows caviton instability may arise. The threshold value of the electric field, at which instability sets in, is virtually zero for the resonant region whereas, apart from that region there is a threshold value of the electric field, determined by the frequency difference of em wave and electron plasma wave. Experimental observations support these results. This study is relevant for laser-plasma interaction and astrophysical and space plasma.