bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Festividades no cotidiano do Grupo Escolar Farroupilha: o caso da Semana da Asa (Farroupilha/RS, 1940-1944)
Authors: Luchese Terciane Ângela , Fernandes Cassiane Curtarelli
Published: December 2022

Resultado de pesquisa sobre o Grupo Escolar Farroupilha, localizado em Farroupilha/RS, o texto objetiva analisar os festejos da “Semana da Asa”, ocorridos na década de 40 do século XX, na cotidianidade desta instituição. A festividade celebrava o patriotismo, vinculando-o às forças armadas e privilegiando práticas pedagógicas repletas de sentidos para a difusão de valores cívicos. Contribuições da História Cultural e História da Educação orientam a análise documental histórica de fotografias e documentos escritos. Analisando as práticas escolares de comemorar datas como importantes construtoras de memórias e sentimentos de pertencimento, atentamos especialmente para a “Semana da Asa” pensando-a vinculada à nacionalização do ensino, pois o festejo tinha como intuito promover a internalização do patriotismo, celebrar feitos da história nacional, seus heróis e símbolos. Como ritual marcante da cultura escolar, acabou por contribuir na difusão de valores cívicos e morais, exaltar o amor à moderna Pátria brasileira, destacando sua força, importância, beleza e riqueza, entre alunos, mas também para famílias e comunidade farroupilhense que participaram assistindo e prestigiando os festejos vividos na instituição.
Cannabis Laboratory Quality Assurance Program :
Authors: Barber Charles A , Sallee Colleen E Bryan , Burdette Carolyn Q , Kotoski Shaun P , Phillips Melissa M , Wilson Walter B , Wood Laura J
Published: December 2022

In 2020, NIST launched CannaQAP to improve the comparability of the analytical measurements of cannabis and cannabis-derived products in forensic and cannabis (hemp and marijuana) testing laboratories. CannaQAP is an interlaboratory study mechanism that is similar to a proficiency testing scheme; however, the focus is towards education without assigning pass/fail grades to the anonymized participants. CannaQAP helps inform NIST about the current measurement capabilities of, and challenges faced by the analytical cannabis community. This in turn assists NIST in the design and characterization of cannabis reference materials (RMs). This study of CannaQAP Exercise 2 focused on the determination of toxic elements in two hemp materials and a control material provided by NIST. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, uranium, and vanadium were the toxic elements chosen based on interest expressed by the cannabis community. This report provides a detailed description of the results of this study.
Wind-driven fire spread to a structure from fences and mulch
Authors: Butler Kathryn M , Johnsson Erik L , Maranghides Alexander , Nazare Shonali , Fernandez Marco , Zarzecki Mariusz , Tang Wei , Auth Eric , McIntyre Rachel , Pryor Michael , Saar William , McLaughlin Colin
Published: December 2022

A series of field experiments was conducted to examine the effects on fire spread toward a structure for combustible fences and mulch under conditions that may be encountered in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire. The fire behavior of a variety of materials, designs, and configurations were studied under various wind conditions. The 187 experiments were split into five categories: mulch only, fence only, fence plus mulch, parallel fences, and long range firebrand experiments. Fence materials included western redcedar, California redwood, pine, vinyl, and wood-plastic composites, and fence styles included privacy, lattice, and good neighbor (board on board). The tested mulch types were shredded hardwood, mini pine bark nuggets, pine straw, rubber, and artificial turf. A wind machine provided a mean wind speed between 6 m/s and 14 m/s (13 mi/h to 31 mi/h). The fence and/or mulch bed was ignited by a propane burner on the ground at the end farthest from the structure. A small structure was located between 0 m and 1.83 m (0 ft to 6 ft) downwind of the fence or mulch bed as a target for flames and firebrands. A target mulch bed at the base of the structure tested the ability of firebrands produced by the burning fence and mulch bed to ignite spot fires that threatened the structure.
The Challenges of Environmental Safety in Russian Public Opinion
Authors: Prokhoda Vladimir
Published: December 2022

The results of sociological surveys conducted within the framework of the International Social Research Program are analyzed. The aim of the work is to identify the peculiarities of Russians' perception of environmental security challenges, in comparison with the perceptions of residents of other states. Environmental safety is considered as an integral part of national security. The important role of sociological surveys as a tool for providing feedback to the population is noted. The views of Russians about the importance of the problem of the state of the environment are considered. The method of collecting primary sociological information is a formalized face–to-face interview conducted at the respondents' place of residence. A multi-stage random sample represents the adult population of the country. It is stated that environmental issues are not among the most acute and urgent problems for the population. In Russia, problems related to economic and physical security come to the fore. At the same time, the reflection of the urgency of the problem in the public consciousness is dissonant with the data of objective environmental control. The existence of a strong connection between the level of economic development of the country and the importance of the environmental problem for the population is revealed. It is concluded that the differences in assessments are largely related to the transformations of value attitudes, the transition from survival values to self-expression values, egocentric and humanistic perception of threats. It is noted that in the mass consciousness of Russians, challenges and threats that directly affect the population, related to the current state of the environment, are being actualized. Among the most serious challenges to environmental safety, residents of the country most often mention air pollution, household waste disposal and water pollution. At the same time, the potential environmental threat fades into the background. Climate change is much less often considered by Russians as the main challenge to environmental security. It is stated that the differences in the perception of challenges are largely due to the relatively low level of ecological culture of the country's population.
Bidirectional promoter activity from expression cassettes can drive off-target repression of neighboring gene translation
Authors: Powers Emily Nicole , Chan Charlene , Doron-Mandel Ella , Llacsahuanga Allcca Lidia , Kim Kim Jenny , Jovanovic Marko , Brar Gloria Ann
Published: December 2022

Targeted selection-based genome-editing approaches have enabled many fundamental discoveries and are used routinely with high precision. We found, however, that replacement of DBP1 with a common selection cassette in budding yeast led to reduced expression and function for the adjacent gene, MRP51, despite all MRP51 coding and regulatory sequences remaining intact. Cassette-induced repression of MRP51 drove all mutant phenotypes detected in cells deleted for DBP1. This behavior resembled the ‘neighboring gene effect’ (NGE), a phenomenon of unknown mechanism whereby cassette insertion at one locus reduces the expression of a neighboring gene. Here, we leveraged strong off-target mutant phenotypes resulting from cassette replacement of DBP1 to provide mechanistic insight into the NGE. We found that the inherent bidirectionality of promoters, including those in expression cassettes, drives a divergent transcript that represses MRP51 through combined transcriptional interference and translational repression mediated by production of a long undecoded transcript isoform (LUTI). Divergent transcript production driving this off-target effect is general to yeast expression cassettes and occurs ubiquitously with insertion. Despite this, off-target effects are often naturally prevented by local sequence features, such as those that terminate divergent transcripts between the site of cassette insertion and the neighboring gene. Thus, cassette-induced off-target effects can be eliminated by the insertion of transcription terminator sequences into the cassette, flanking the promoter. Because the driving features of this off-target effect are broadly conserved, our study suggests it should be considered in the design and interpretation of experiments using integrated expression cassettes in other eukaryotic systems, including human cells.
Importancia pronóstica de las mutaciones del gen promotor de la transcriptasa inversa de la telomerasa en los meningiomas de alto grado
Authors: Cañas Alejandro , Jiménez Enrique , Hakim Fernando , Mejía Juan Armando , Ramón Juan Fernando , Gómez Diego , Jaramillo-Velásquez Daniel , Bermúdez Sonia , Useche Nicolás , Pineda Diego , Cifuentes Hernando , Becerra Antonio , Muñoz Álvaro , Santoyo Nicolás , Ruíz-Patiño Alejandro , Sotelo Carolina , Archila Pilar , Rodríguez July , Ávila Jenny , Ordoñez-Reyes Camila , García-Robledo Juan Esteban , Ricaurte Luisa , Rojas Leonardo , Feo Oscar , Burgos Remberto , Ramírez Carlos , Arrieta Oscar , Zatarain-Barrón Lucía , Vargas Carlos , Carranza Hernán , Otero Jorge , Cardona Andrés F.
Published: December 2022

Introducción. En los meningiomas, ocurren con frecuencia mutaciones en la región promotora de la transcriptasa inversa de la telomerasa.Objetivo. Estimar la importancia pronóstica de las mutaciones de la transcriptasa inversa de la telomerasa en pacientes colombianos con meningiomas de grados II y III.Materiales y métodos. Es un estudio de cohorte, retrospectivo y multicéntrico, que incluyó pacientes con diagnóstico de meningioma persistente o recidivante, de grados II y III, según la clasificación de la OMS, reclutados entre el 2011 y el 2018, con tratamiento sistémico (sunitinib, everolimus con octreótido o sin él, y bevacizumab). El estado de la mutación del promotor de la transcriptasa inversa de la telomerasa se determinó por medio de la PCR. Resultados. Se incluyeron 40 pacientes, en 21 (52,5 %) de los cuales se encontraron mutaciones en la transcriptasa inversa de la telomerasa, siendo las variantes más frecuentes la C228T (87,5 %) y la C250T (14,3 %). Estas fueron más frecuentes entre los pacientes con meningiomas anaplásicos (p=0,18), en aquellos con más de dosrecurrencias (p=0,04), y en los que presentaron lesiones en la región parasagital y la fosa anterior (p=0,05). Los sujetos caracterizados por tener alteraciones puntuales fueron tratados con mayor frecuencia con la serie de medicamentos everolimus, sunitinib y bevacizumab (p=0,06). Tras el inicio del tratamiento médico, la supervivencia global fue de 23,7 meses (IC95% 13,1-34,2) en los pacientes con mutaciones y, de 43,4 meses (IC95% 37,5-49,3), entre aquellos sin mutaciones (p=0,0001).Los resultados del análisis multivariado demostraron que, únicamente, el número de recurrencias y la presencia de mutaciones en el gen de la transcriptasa inversa de la telomerasa, fueron factores que afectaron negativamente la supervivencia global. Conclusiones. Las mutaciones en el gen promotor de la transcriptasa inversa de la telomerasa permiten identificar los pacientes con alto riesgo, cuya detección podría ser de utilidad para seleccionar el mejor esquema terapéutico.
Circulación de Leishmania infantum y Trypanosoma cruzi en perros domésticos de áreas urbanas de Sincelejo, región Caribe de Colombia
Authors: Rueda-Concha Karol Liseth , Payares-Mercado Ana , Guerra-Castillo Jesús , Melendrez Jesús , Arroyo-Munive Yasmit , Martínez-Abad Lily , Cochero Suljey , Bejarano Eduar Elías , Paternina Luis Enrique
Published: December 2022

Introducción. La enfermedad de Chagas y la leishmaniasis tradicionalmente se han considerado zoonosis endémicas de áreas rurales del país. Sin embargo, la aparición decasos de estas enfermedades en áreas urbanas sugiere nuevos ciclos de circulación de estos parásitos. Por esta razón, se ha propuesto a los perros como centinelas de estos agentes zoonóticos, dado su rol como huéspedes accidentales o reservorios.Objetivo. Evaluar la circulación silenciosa de Leishmania spp. y Trypanosoma cruzi en perros de zonas urbanas de la ciudad de Sincelejo, Sucre.Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 100 muestras de sangre de perros para amplificar la región ITS1 de Leishmania spp. Las muestras positivas se utilizaron para amplificar la región conservada del minicírculo del ADN del cinetoplasto de Leishmania infantum y para el análisis de polimorfismos de longitud de fragmentos de restricción con la endonucleasa HaeIII. Por otra parte, se amplificó un fragmento del ADN satelital de T. cruzi. Además, se evaluó la presencia de infecciones por Ehrlichia canis y Anaplasma platys, como potencialmente modificadoras de las manifestaciones clínicas.Resultados. De los 100 perros estudiados, se detectó: Leishmania spp. en 32, T. cruzi en 12, ambos parásitos en 7 y L. infantum en 18. Se encontraron infecciones poranaplasmatáceos en 18, y coinfecciones por bacterias y parásitos en 8 de los perros. En general, 47 de los animales estaban infectados por, al menos, un agente etiológico. Conclusión. Se demuestra la circulación de L. infantum y T. cruzi en zonas urbanas de Sincelejo, así como coinfecciones de estos parásitos junto con parásitos de la familia Anaplasmataceae. El presente estudio demuestra la conveniencia del uso de perros en la vigilancia epidemiológica de estos agentes zoonóticos.
Habitat loss estimation for assessing terrestrial mammalian species extinction risk: an open data framework
Authors: Butti Mariella , Pacca Luciana , Santos Paloma , Alonso André C. , Buss Gerson , Ludwig Gabriela , Jerusalinsky Leandro , Martins Amely B.
Published: December 2022

Terrestrial mammals face a severe crisis of habitat loss worldwide. Therefore, assessing information on habitat loss throughout different time periods is crucial for assessing species’ conservation statuses based on the IUCN Red List system. To support the national extinction risk assessment in Brazil (2016–2022), we developed a script that uses the MapBiomas Project 6.0 data source of land cover and land use (annual maps at 30 m scale) within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to calculate habitat loss. We defined suitable habitats from the MapBiomas Project land cover classification for 190 mammalian taxa, according to each species range map and ecological characteristics. We considered a period of three generation lengths to assess habitat loss in accordance with the Red List assessment criteria. We used the script to estimate changes in available habitat throughout the analyzed period within the species’ known ranges. The results indicated that habitat loss occurred within 94.3% of the analyzed taxa range, with the Carnivora order suffering the greatest habitat loss, followed by the Cingulata order. These analyses may be decisive for applying criteria, defining categories during the assessment of at least 17 species (9%), enriching discussions, and raising new questions for several other species. We considered the outcome of estimating habitat loss for various taxa when applying criterion A, which refers to population reduction, thus supporting more accurate inferences about past population declines.
Composition of terrestrial mammal assemblages and their habitat use in unflooded and flooded blackwater forests in the Central Amazon
Authors: Gonçalves André L. S. , de Oliveira Tadeu G. , Arévalo-Sandi Alexander R. , Canto Lucian V. , Yabe Tsuneaki , Spironello Wilson R.
Published: December 2022

Several forest types compose the apparently homogenous forest landscape of the lowland Amazon. The seasonally flooded forests (igapós) of the narrow floodplains of the blackwater rivers of the Amazon basin support their community of animals; however, these animals are required to adapt to survive in this environment. Furthermore, several taxa are an important source of seasonal resources for the animals in the adjacent unflooded forest (terra firme). During the low-water phase, theigapóbecomes available to terrestrial species that make use ofterra firmeandigapóforests. Nonetheless, these lateral movements of terrestrial mammals between hydrologically distinct forest types remain poorly understood. This study tested the hypothesis that the attributes of the assemblages (abundance, richness, evenness, and functional groups) of the terrestrial mammals in both these forest types of the Cuieiras River basin, which is located in the Central Amazon, are distinct and arise from the ecological heterogeneity induced by seasonal floods. After a sampling effort of 10,743 camera trap days over four campaigns, two for theterra firme(6,013 trap days) and two for theigapóforests (4,730 trap days), a total of 31 mammal species (five were considered eventual) were recorded in both forest types. The species richness was similar in theigapóandterra firmeforests, and the species abundance and biomass were greater in theterra firmeforest, which were probably due to its higher primary productivity; whereas the evenness was increased in theigapóswhen compared to theterra firmeforest. Although both forest types shared 84% of the species, generally a marked difference was observed in the composition of the terrestrial mammal species. These differences were associated with abundances of some specific functional groups,i.e., frugivores/granivores. Within-group variation was explained by balanced variation in abundance and turnover, which the individuals of a given species at one site were substituted by an equivalent number of individuals of a different species at another site. However, the occupancy was similar between both forest types for some groups such as carnivores. These findings indicate that seasonal flooding is a relevant factor in structuring the composition of terrestrial mammal assemblages betweenterra firmeand floodplain forests, even in nutrient-poor habitats such asigapós. The results also highlight the importance of maintaining the mosaic of natural habitats on the scale of the entire landscape, with major drainage basins representing management units that provide sufficiently large areas to support a range of ecological processes (e.g., nutrient transport, lateral movements and the persistence of apex predators).
Shark Sighting in an Electrocardiogram
Authors: Clark Katherine A. A. , Rosenfeld Lynda E.
Published: December 2022

This case report describes a patient in their late 50s with elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin and a medical history of poorly controlled diabetes and cocaine, cannabis, and tobacco use.
Factors Associated With Quality Care Among Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Seyferth Anne V. , Cichocki Meghan N. , Wang Chien-Wei , Huang Yun-Ju , Huang Yi-Wei , Chen Jung-Sheng , Kuo Chang-Fu , Chung Kevin C.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Although quality care markers exist for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the predictors of meeting these markers are unclear.

Objective

To explore factors associated with quality care among patients with RA.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A retrospective cohort study using insurance claims from 2009 to 2017 was conducted, and 6 sequential logistic regression models were built to evaluate quality care markers. Quality care markers were measured at 1 year post-RA diagnosis for each patient. The MarketScan Research Database, which contains commercial and Medicare Advantage administrative claims data from more than 100 million individuals in the US, was used to identify patients aged 18 to 64 years with a diagnosis claim for RA. Patients with conditions presenting similar to RA and missing demographic characteristics were excluded. Data analysis occurred between February 18 and May 5, 2022.

Exposures

Success or failure to meet selected RA quality care markers within 1 year after RA diagnosis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Prevalence of meeting successive quality care markers for RA.

Results

Among 581 770 patients, 430 843 (74.1%) were women and the mean (SD) age was 48.9 (11.3) years. Most patients (236 285 [40.6%]) resided in the South and had an income less than or equal to $45 200 (490 366 [84.3%]). Of the total study population, 399 862 individuals (68.7%) met at least 1 quality care marker and 181 908 (31.3%) met 0 markers. Most commonly, patients met annual laboratory testing (299 323 [51.5%]) and referral to a rheumatologist (256 765 [44.1%]) markers. The least met marker was receiving hepatitis B screening prior to initiation of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy (18 548 [3.2%]). Women were most likely to meet all quality care markers except receiving DMARDs with hepatitis B screening (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.12-1.16). Individuals with lower median household income had lower odds of receiving a rheumatologist referral, an annual physical examination, or annual laboratory testing, but greater odds of receiving the other quality care markers. Patients with Medicare and those with comorbidities were generally less likely to meet quality care markers.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of patients with RA, findings indicated downstream associations with rheumatologist referral and receiving DMARDs and varied associations between meeting quality care markers and patient characteristics. These findings suggest that prioritizing early care, especially for vulnerable patients, will ensure that quality care continues.
Further evidence in favour of a carbanion mechanism for glycolate oxidase
Authors: Pasquier Hélène , Lederer Florence
Published: December 2022

The flavoenzyme glycolate oxidase oxidizes glycolic acid to glyoxylate and the latter, more slowly, to oxalate. It is a member of an FMN‐dependent enzyme family that oxidizes l‐2‐hydroxy acids to keto acids. There has been a controversy concerning the chemical mechanism of substrate oxidation by these enzymes. Do they proceed by hydride transfer, as observed for NAD‐dependent enzymes, or by initial formation of a carbanion that transfers the electrons to the flavin? The present work describes a comparison of the reactivity of glycolate, lactate and trifluorolactate with recombinant human glycolate oxidase, by means of rapid‐kinetics experiments in anaerobiosis. We show that trifluorolactate is a substrate for glycolate oxidase, whereas it is known as an inhibitor for NAD‐dependent enzymes, as is trifluoroethanol for NAD‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. Unexpectedly, it was observed that, once reduced, a flavin transfers an electron to an oxidized flavin, so that the end species is a flavin semiquinone, whatever the substrate. This phenomenon has not previously been described for a glycolate oxidase. Altogether, considering that another member of this flavoenzyme family (flavocytochrome b2, a lactate dehydrogenase) has also been shown to oxidize trifluorolactate (Lederer F et al. (2016) Biochim Biophys Acta 1864, 1215–21), this work provides another important piece of evidence which is hardly compatible with a hydride transfer mechanism for this flavoenzyme family.
Once (but not twice) upon a time: Narrative inoculation against conjunction errors indirectly reduces conspiracy beliefs and improves truth discernment
Authors: Biddlestone Mikey , Roozenbeek Jon , van der Linden Sander
Published: December 2022

Psychological inoculation has proven effective at reducing susceptibility to misinformation. We present a novel storytelling approach to inoculation against susceptibility to the conjunction fallacy (dmeta‐analysis = 0.82), a known cognitive predictor of conspiracy beliefs. In Study 1 (Pilot; N = 161), a narrative inoculation (vs. control) reduced susceptibility to conjunction errors, and in turn, conspiracy beliefs regarding government malfeasance. In Study 2 (main experiment; N = 141; pre‐registered), two separate narrative inoculations (vs. control) directly reduced susceptibility to conjunction errors, and indirectly reduced conspiracy beliefs regarding extra‐terrestrial cover‐ups. In addition, the inoculation messages improved detection of both real and fake news (‘truth discernment’). We discuss theoretical and practical implications, including the use of inoculation to induce critical thinking styles, and tailoring inoculations that may suit storytelling mediums.
Deep‐Subwavelength Optical Spin Textures in Volume Plasmon Polaritons with Hyperbolic Metamaterials
Authors: Gan Shuaiwen , Shi Peng , Yang Aiping , Lin Min , Du Luping , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: December 2022

Hyperbolic metamaterials can support extremely high‐k wavevectors, also known as volume plasmon polaritons, with highly directional propagation and light confinement to deep‐subwavelength scales. The number of high‐k modes has an inverse relationship with the overall thickness of hyperbolic metamaterials. Here, the optical spin textures from high‐k mode polaritons on the surface of silica–silver multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials are studied. The results demonstrate that with an increase in the overall thickness, the spin texture changes from a twisted structure to a Néel‐type photonic skyrmion, due to the decrease in the number of high‐k modes. Moreover, the size of a single photonic skyrmion is less than 1/2 of the light wavelength, and the full width at half maximum of the spin angular momentum is less than 1/9 of the light wavelength. This work is expected to facilitate new applications of hyperbolic metamaterials, such as spin‐dependent excitation and detection devices at the deep‐subwavelength level.
Ultrathin Broadband Metasurface Superabsorbers from a van der Waals Semimetal
Authors: Alfieri Adam D. , Motala Michael J. , Snure Michael , Lynch Jason , Kumar Pawan , Zhang Huiqin , Post Susanna , Bowen Timothy , Muratore Christopher , Robinson Joshua A. , Hendrickson Joshua R. , Glavin Nicholas R. , Jariwala Deep
Published: December 2022

Metamaterials and metasurfaces operating in the visible and near‐infrared (NIR) offer a promising route towards next‐generation photodetectors and devices for solar energy harvesting. While numerous metamaterials and metasurfaces using metals and semiconductors have been demonstrated, semimetals‐based metasurfaces in the vis‐NIR range are notably missing. This work experimentally demonstrates a broadband metasurface superabsorber based on large area, semimetallic, van der Waals platinum diselenide (PtSe2) thin films in agreement with electromagnetic simulations. The results show that PtSe2 is an ultrathin and scalable semimetal that concurrently possesses high index and high extinction across the vis‐NIR range. Consequently, the thin‐film PtSe2 on a reflector separated by a dielectric spacer can absorb >85% for the unpatterned case and ≈97% for the optimized 2D metasurface in the 400–900 nm range making it one of the strongest and thinnest broadband perfect absorbers to date. The results present a scalable approach to photodetection and solar energy harvesting, demonstrating the practical utility of high index, high extinction semimetals for nanoscale optics.
Antibody responses to the host microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lal Devyani , Song Lusheng , Brar Tripti , Cope Emily K. , Keim Paul , Williams Stacy , Chung Yunro , Murugan Vel , LaBaer Joshua , Magee D. Mitchell
Published: December 2022

Background

The role of microbes in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is poorly understood. We hypothesize that analyzing prior microbial exposures via assessing microbial protein serological reactivity in CRS versus controls may offer insights for CRS etiopathogenesis.

Methods

We profiled IgG and IgA antibodies to individual microbial proteins in serum samples of CRS patients and controls using a novel high‐throughput microarray protein technology, Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Array (NAPPA). The study was conducted on 118 subjects (39 CRS, 79 controls). A CRS‐focused NAPPA array, with 1557 potentially sero‐reactive microbial proteins elected from a pre‐screening of 6500 genes of interest was constructed. It included membrane‐associated proteins from 47 bacterial species and all proteins from 43 viral strains. Differences between CRS and controls were compared across individual antimicrobial antibodies and the species.

Results

Chronic rhinosinusitis patients had significantly elevated antimicrobial antibodies compared with controls. One bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) and three viral strains (human metapneumovirus, human herpesvirus 5, and human herpesvirus 4) were identified as sources of the proteins that showed significantly elevated sero‐reactivity in CRS patients. Within CRS, patients with polyps had elevated antibodies against S. aureus, influenza A virus (H1N1, H3N2), and rhinovirus B14. CRS patients without polyps showed more antibodies against human herpesvirus 1 and vaccinia virus WR.

Conclusions

Compared with healthy controls, CRS patients’ serum samples showed significantly increased sero‐reactivity to both bacterial and viral proteins, reflecting recent or current infection or active colonization. Significantly higher antibodies against S. aureus, human metapneumovirus, human herpesvirus 5, and human herpesvirus 4 in CRS need further study.
Rudolph Clausius (1822–1888) and His Concept of Mathematical Physics
Authors: Orphal Johannes
Published: December 2022

Rudolph Clausius is well known as a pioneer of the mechanical theory of heat (1857) and as the creator of the concept of entropy (1865). Oftentimes, he is also called the discoverer of the second law of thermodynamics although some argue that this law was already established by Sadi Carnot in 1824 (while still based on the caloric theory). But beyond any doubt, it was Clausius who gave in 1850 the first mathematically correct formulation of the first law (in its differential form that is still valid today, dQ = dU + pdV) and a particularly stringent exposition of both the necessity and independence of the two laws, indeed a logical masterpiece. This paper focuses on his concept of mathematical physics for the development of theoretical physics, contributions that have changed physics well beyond the field of thermodynamics.
Erfahrungssammlung zum Rückbau von Brücken
Authors: von Weschpfennig Dieter , Müller Matthias
Published: December 2022

Damit die gut ausgebaute Verkehrsinfrastruktur in Deutschland auch zukünftig den Anforderungen aus der stetig steigenden Verkehrsleistung dauerhaft gerecht wird, ist eine Vielzahl von Brücken zu modernisieren. Die weitreichendste Modernisierungsmaßnahme ist der Ersatzneubau. Wesentliche Gründe für die Modernisierung sind die ungünstige Altersstruktur der Brückenbauwerke, der prognostizierte Anstieg des Güterverkehrs sowie die Zunahme von disruptiven Ereignissen. Bestandteil des Ersatzneubaus ist dann zunächst mindestens ein Teilrückbau bzw. vollständiger Rückbau des alten Bauwerks. Erschwerend kommt meist hinzu, dass der Rück‐ und Neubau mit einem Minimum an Verkehrseinschränkungen auszuführen ist und somit häufig unter laufendem Verkehr gearbeitet werden muss. Ziel war es, für diese Aufgabe den bauenden Verwaltungen eine Erfahrungssammlung zum Rückbau von Brücken zur Verfügung zu stellen. Mit der Erfahrungssammlung wurde ein erster Schritt in Richtung Standardisierung beim Rückbau von Brücken im Bundesfernstraßenbereich getätigt.
Prevention of lymphoedema after axillary clearance by external compression sleeves PLACE randomised trial results. Effects of high BMI
Authors: Bundred Nigel J. , Barrett Emma , Todd Chriss , Morris Julie , Watterson Donna , Purushotham Arnie , Riches Katie , Evans Abigail , Skene Anthony , Keeley Vaughan ,   the Investigators of BEA/PLACE studies
Published: December 2022

Around 25% of women undergoing Axillary Clearance (ANC) develop lymphedema (LE). Intervention with a compression garment is recommended to prevent LE but no randomised evidence exists to support this strategy.

Methods

A randomised trial tested standard management versus application of graduated compression garments (20‐24 mmHg) to affected arm, for 1 year. Women with node positive breast cancer (n = 1300) undergoing ANC consented to arm volume measurements and those developing a 4–9% relative arm volume increase (RAVI) (subclinical LE) within 9 months post‐surgery were randomised. Primary outcome was proportion of patients developing LE (RAVI > 10%) by 24‐months in each group. Secondary endpoints included Quality of life in each group.

Results

In total 143 patients were randomised (74 no sleeve: 69 compression sleeve) between October 2010 and November 2015. The lymphoedema rate at 24 months in the ‘no sleeve’ group was at 41%, similar to the ‘sleeve’ group (30%: p = 0.32). Thirtytwo patients randomised to the ‘no sleeve’ group had a sleeve applied within 24 months. Body Mass Index (BMI) at randomisation predicted LE at any time point HR 1.04 (CI 1.01–1.08; p = 0.01). Patients with obesity (BMI > 30) had higher rates of LE in both groups (46%) compared to those with BMI < 30 (24%). No difference between patients was found in either group in changes in QoL. Compression sleeves applied after development of LE improved QoL scores (FACT‐B p = 0.007:TOI p = 0.042).

Conclusion

Early intervention with External Compression garments does not prevent clinical LE, particularly in women with a high BMI > 30. The use of prophylactic garments in subclinical LE (RAVI < 9%) is unwarranted.
Bilateral primary synovial chondromatosis in the knee joint
Authors: Shafie Mahan , Babaei Aghdam Zahra , Shirzad Moghaddam Zeinab , Ayati Firoozabadi Mohammad , Emami Razavi Seyedeh Zahra , Hosseini Maryam , Azadvari Mohaddeseh
Published: December 2022

Primary synovial chondromatosis is a disorder characterized by the metaplasia of the synovial membrane and the formation of loose bodies floating in the joint. We described a 30‐year‐old woman without any past medical history complaining of bilateral progressive knee pain who was later discovered to have bilateral synovial chondromatosis.
Acute myocardial infarction followed by radiofrequency therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease in a man: A case report
Authors: Xu Zhihong , He Suyu , Xiong Xin , Zhang Xiumei , Feng Caiju , Tang Shilin , Liu Yijun , Wu Lili
Published: December 2022

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common comorbidity of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Since the distal esophagus and heart share a common afferent vagal supply, the delivery of radiofrequency in the distal esophagus can stimulate the coronary artery and induce acute myocardial infarction in a patient with CAD.
Experiments on the Dynamic Behavior of the Chemical Looping Combustion Process
Authors: Lindmüller Lennard , Haus Johannes , Heinrich Stefan
Published: December 2022

The dynamic operation of thermal power plants becomes more and more important due to more diverse and volatile power sources. Load changes of biomass, bituminous coal and methane were conducted during six experimental runs in a chemical looping combustion pilot plant which combines power generation and CO2 capture. The resulting step responses of the hydrodynamics and gas concentrations were compared to each other to understand the transient behavior of the interconnected fluidized bed system. The influence of the fuel rate and solid circulation on the response time and intensity was assessed.
Single‐dose Pharmacokinetics of Eluxadoline in Healthy Participants With Normal Renal Function and Participants With Renal Impairment
Authors: Boinpally Ramesh , Weissman Darren
Published: December 2022

Eluxadoline is approved for the treatment of diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome in the United States. The impact of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of eluxadoline is currently unknown. This phase 1, open‐label, parallel‐group study evaluated the PK and safety profile of eluxadoline in 8 participants with renal impairment and 8 matched healthy controls. Of the participants with renal impairment, 2 had severe renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) and 6 had end‐stage renal disease while not yet on dialysis (eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2). The primary objective was to assess plasma and urine PKs, and plasma protein binding of eluxadoline. In participants with renal impairment, mean plasma concentrations of eluxadoline were consistently higher compared with matched healthy controls: 1.4‐fold higher for mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and 2.2‐fold higher for mean area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 to time t. The median time to Cmax was 2.5 hours in both groups. Although eluxadoline is a locally acting drug with low oral bioavailability, because of the increased systemic exposure in participants with renal impairment as a cautionary measure the lower approved dose of 75 mg twice daily is recommended for individuals with severe renal impairment and end‐stage renal disease while not yet on dialysis. Eluxadoline 100 mg single dose was well tolerated in participants with renal impairment and matched healthy controls.
An Automated Computer‐Vision “Bubble‐Counting” Technique to Characterise CO2 Dissolution into an Acetonitrile Flow Stream in a Teflon AF‐2400 Tube‐in‐Tube Flow Device
Authors: O'Brien Matthew , Moraru Ruxandra
Published: December 2022

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Matt O'Brien at Keele University. The cover picture shows a depiction of ‘computer vision’ in the context of CO2 dissolution into tube‐in‐tube membrane devices in continuous flow. The original manuscript is part of the Special Collection on “Automation in Chemistry and Beyond” and more information can be found in the Research Article by Matthew O'Brien and Ruxandra Moraru.
Augmenting the unified protocol with transcranial direct current stimulation: Effects on emotion regulation and executive dysfunction
Authors: Nasiri Farzad , Ellard Kristen K. , Mashhadi Ali , Bigdeli Imanollah , Ghanaei‐Chamanabad Ali
Published: December 2022

The aim of the current study was to compare the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders (UP) with and without transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for the treatment of emotion regulation and executive control dysfunction in individuals diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD). A total of 43 individuals with GAD and co‐morbid MDD were randomly assigned to three groups including UP with tDCS (UP+tDCS; n = 15), UP alone (UP; n = 13) or wait‐list control (n = 15). Difficulties in emotion regulation, reappraisal, suppression, inhibition and working memory were assessed at baseline, post‐treatment and 3‐month follow‐up. Treatment with both UP+tDCS and UP alone resulted in significant improvements in difficulties in emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, and working memory, and significant reductions in suppression and inhibition relative to wait‐list controls at post‐treatment and 3‐month follow‐up. Relative to UP alone, UP+tDCS showed significantly greater improvements in difficulties in emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, inhibition, and working memory at post‐treatment and 3‐month follow‐up. These results suggest combination of UP treatment with tDCS may be an efficacious intervention to improve emotion regulation and executive function in GAD with co‐morbid MDD. Trial registration reference is IRCT20140929019334N1 (see https://irct.ir/trial/27988).
An examination of the heterogeneity of the relationships between posttraumatic stress disorder, self‐compassion and gratitude
Authors: Brier Zoe M. F. , Burt Keith B. , Legrand Alison C. , Price Matthew
Published: December 2022

Previous research has found both self‐compassion and gratitude to be protective against overall posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. PTSD is a highly heterogeneous disorder; however, it is unclear if these protective constructs are differentially associated with each cluster of PTSD. The present study examined differences in the association of self‐compassion and gratitude with the four clusters of PTSD as indicated by the DSM‐5. Participants were 1424 trauma‐exposed individuals recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk. The mean age of participants was 31.49 (SD = 11.25) years old, and 55.3% of the sample identified as female. A structural equation model (SEM) approach was used to examine relationships between factors of gratitude, self‐compassion and the four PTSD symptom clusters. A two‐factor model of self‐compassion best fits the data. Both the self‐compassion and gratitude factors were significantly associated with all symptom clusters of PTSD. Wald chi‐square tests indicated self‐compassion and gratitude to have the strongest association with negative alterations in cognitions and mood (NACM) PTSD symptoms. These findings may have important implications for treatment targets to reduce specific symptoms of PTSD, particularly in PTSD symptoms related to negative affect.
RNA N6‐methyladenosine connects YTHDF3 and LOXL3 to promote melanoma metastasis
Authors: Nirmal Mamta B , Vo Tommy V.
Published: December 2022

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modifications of RNAs are associated with diverse biological processes in normal and cancer cells. In melanoma cancers, mutations in genes that function in the writing or erasure of RNA m6A have been shown to affect cancer progression and metastasis. More recently, Shi et al. find that a protein which binds to the m6A modification, called YTHDF3, is widely overexpressed in melanoma cell lines and patient samples. Through multi‐omics and targeted RNA analyses, they uncover a novel YTHDF3‐LOXL3 axis which contribute to in vitro melanoma invasion and in vivo metastasis. Here, we discuss these findings and highlight several possible new and exciting research directions stemming from this research.
Does environmental adaptation or dispersal history explain the geographical distribution of Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Finland?
Authors: Kulha Niko , Ruokolainen Kalle , Vesterinen Eero J. , Lamppu Maija , Klemola Tero , Sormunen Jani J.
Published: December 2022

In Finland, the distribution area of the taiga tick, Ixodes persulcatus (Schulze, 1930), is nested within a broader area of distribution of a congeneric species, the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Acari: Ixodidae). We assess whether distinct environmental adaptations or dispersal history provides a more parsimonious explanation for the differences in the distributions of the two common and medically important ixodids in Finland. We used an innovative spatially constrained randomization procedure to analyze whether crowdsourced occurrence data points of the two tick species had statistically different associations with any of the 28 environmental variables. Using points of presence in a region of species co‐occurrence, we built Maxent models to examine whether environmental factors or dispersal history could explain the absence of I. persulcatus in a part of the range of I. ricinus in Finland. Five environmental variables—number of inhabitants, road length, elevation above sea level, proportion of barren bedrock and boulders, and proportion of unsorted glacial deposits—were significant at p ≤ .05, indicating greater between‐species difference in original than in the randomized data. Of these variables, only the optimum value for unsorted glacial deposits was higher for I. persulcatus than for I. ricinus. Maxent models also predicted high relative habitat suitability (suitability >80%) for I. persulcatus south of its current, sharply bounded distribution range, suggesting that the species has not fulfilled its distribution potential in Finland. The two most common and medically relevant ixodids in Finland may colonize habitats with different environmental conditions. On the contrary, the recent establishment and ongoing dispersion of I. persulcatus in Fennoscandia rather than environmental conditions cause the southernmost distribution limit of the species in Finland.
Syn‐rift volcanism in the Barmer Basin: An intra‐basin extrusive complex at the northern limit of the Deccan volcanic province in India
Authors: Burley Stuart D. , Gould Thomas , Taylor Andrew , Mishra Premanand
Published: December 2022

The Raageshwari Volcanic Formation (RVF) is a volcanic complex in the southern part of the Barmer Basin, NW India, localized around a large rift centre horst block, the Central Basin High. The RVF comprises an initial sequence of acid igneous rocks, which are of ignimbritic origin, termed the Agni Member, overlain by a stacked sequence of basaltic lava flows interbedded with subordinate pyroclastic deposits, the Prithvi Member. Seismic data confirms that the volcanic complex has a conical overall geometry and a layered internal structure produced by successive and extensive flows of basalt and ignimbrite, very similar to that observed in the main Deccan lava outcrops along the western margin of India. U–Pb zircon ages near the top of the Agni Member in the Raageshwari‐26 well give an age of 68+/−2 Ma for a tephrite pyroclastic unit, whilst Ar–Ar analysis of a distal basalt containing phenocrysts of biotite from the Saraswati‐4 well gave an older robust Ar–Ar plateau age of 73.7 ± 1.4 Ma. A typical Deccan age of 67.9 ± 1.7 Ma was obtained from the isolated unaltered basaltic andesite in well NE‐South‐1. Due to depositional on‐lap onto the Central Basin High, the overlying alluvial Dandlawas and Fatehgarh formations are absent on the crest of the Central Basin High and Barmer Hill Formation lake sediments rest directly on the basalts. This relationship indicates that the volcanic cone was a structural or topographic high during deposition onto which the Fatehgarh and Barmer Hill formations lake sediments eventually on‐lapped. The RVF of the Barmer Basin along with the Deccan volcanics in the Cambay Basin, Narmada Rift and in Saurasthra are all developed within fault‐bounded rift basins, in which deep seated faults extend beneath the Deccan volcanic sequence. They are associated with thermal anomalies and thinned continental crust and the presence of a linear low velocity zone at ~100 km depth in the upper mantle region beneath the Barmer and Cambay basins. This is interpreted to be the position of the “conduit” through which plume head material passed through the upper mantle before arriving at the base of the Indian lithosphere. The RVF therefore appears to be an early eruption of differentiated ultrabasic magma from a shallow, secondary magma chamber produced by partial crustal melting.