bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracellular vesicles concentration is a promising and important parameter for industrial bioprocess monitoring
Authors: Zavec Apolonija Bedina , Kralj‐Iglič Veronika , Brinc Matjaž , Trček Tanja Ficko , Kuzman Drago , Schweiger Ana , Anderluh Gregor
Published: January 2016

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles that are produced by cells to be released into their microenvironment. In this study, we present the EV concentration as a new factor for optimization of industrial bioprocess control. The release of EVs depends on many cell properties, including cell activation and stress status, and cell death. Therefore, the EV concentration might provide a readout for identification of the cell state and the conditions during a bioprocess. Our data show that the EV concentration increased during the bioprocess, which indicated deteriorating conditions in the bioreactor. This increase in EV concentration in the fermentation broth was the consequence of two different processes: cell activation, and cell death. However, the release of EVs from activated living cells had a much weaker impact on EV concentration in the bioreactor than those released during cell death. EVs and cells in the bioprocess environment were quantified by flow cytometry. The most accurate data were obtained directly from unprocessed samples, making the monitoring of the EV concentration a rapid, easy, and cheap method. These EV concentrations reflect the conditions in the bioreactor and provide new information regarding the state of the bioprocess. Therefore, we suggest EV concentration as a new and important parameter for the monitoring of industrial bioprocesses.
Epithelial ovarian cancer subtypes attributable to smoking in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, 2012
Authors: Licaj Idlir , Lukic Marko , Jareid Mie , Lund Eiliv , Braaten Tonje , Gram Inger Torhild
Published: January 2016

Among European women, ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer. Smoking is an established risk factor for mucinous tumors. We estimated the impact of smoking in Norwegian women using population attributable fractions (PAFs) of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), by invasiveness and by histological subtypes in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study with an average of 13.2 years of follow‐up. During >2 million person‐years, a total of 915 incident EOC cases, of which 667 (73%) invasive and 248 (27%) borderline, were identified among 154,234 women aged 34–70 years at enrolment. Compared with never smokers, current smokers had a nonstatistically significant increased risk of mucinous tumors (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.67 [95% confidence interval, (CI), 0.96–2.96]) and more than twice statistically significant risk of borderline mucinous tumors (HR = 2.17 [95% CI, 1.06–4.45]). The corresponding PAF estimates were 16.5% for mucinous and 25% for borderline mucinous. We found that among middle‐aged women, one in six mucinous tumors and one in four borderline mucinous tumors could have been prevented if women did not smoke.
Ruling re‐establishes team doctors as final authorities in return‐to‐play decisions
Authors: Willits Richard , McCarthy Claudine
Published: January 2016

The courts have again established the team physician as the final authority in medical clearance decisions involving college student‐athletes.
Review best practices for contractual agreements with medical suppliers
Authors: Lewis Melvin , Hugg Carla
Published: January 2016

Fiscal responsibility ranks among the many critical tasks facing today's college athletics administrators.
Must a university disclose names of student‐athletes involved in criminal reports?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: January 2016

ESPN submitted a public records request in 2014 to Michigan State University, asking it to provide incident reports involving a list of student‐athletes.
Implement practical strategies to successfully manage multiple challenges
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: January 2016

Managing and supervising part‐time coaches, dealing with declining budgets, keeping up with technology, monitoring social media, and balancing multiple roles can prove challenging to even the most experienced college athletics directors.
Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Multivariate Analysis, and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Mitic Violeta , Stankov Jovanovic Vesna , Ilic Marija , Jovanovic Olga , Djordjevic Aleksandra , Stojanovic Gordana
Published: January 2016

The chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activities of Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter essential oil was studied. Moreover, using agglomerative hierarchical cluster (AHC) and principal component analyses (PCA), the interrelationships of the D. graveolens essential‐oil profiles characterized so far (including the sample from this study) were investigated. To evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil, GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses were performed. Altogether, 54 compounds were identified, accounting for 92.9% of the total oil composition. The D. graveolens oil belongs to the monoterpenoid chemotype, with monoterpenoids comprising 87.4% of the totally identified compounds. The major components were borneol (43.6%) and bornyl acetate (38.3%). Multivariate analysis showed that the compounds borneol and bornyl acetate exerted the greatest influence on the spatial differences in the composition of the reported oils. The antimicrobial activity against five bacterial and one fungal strain was determined using a disk‐diffusion assay. The studied essential oil was active only against Gram‐positive bacteria.
Reversing left bronchus obstruction by compression of a pulmonary artery stent
Authors: Brown Stephen C. , Proesmans Marijke , Gewillig Marc
Published: January 2016

We report a case where endovascular stenting as part of the treatment of complex cardiovascular disease led to airway compression. Using a novel technique, this was successfully reversed. Simultaneous inflations of two balloons—one in the obstructed bronchus and one in the aorta combined with external compression of the chest—resulted in compression the stent. This report illustrates that by thinking “out of the box” and bearing in mind spatial relationships inside the chest, it is possible to diminish the anterior–posterior diameters of a stent. This intervention proved to be successful with relief of the left bronchial compression and improvement of chronic airway infection. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Modulation of Anionic Group Architectures by Cations to Optimize SHG Effects: A Facile Route to New NLO Materials in the ATCO3F (A: K, Rb; T: Zn, Cd) Series.
Authors: Yang Guangsai , Peng Guang , Ye Ning , Wang Jiyang , Luo Min , Yan Tao , Zhou Yuqiao
Published: January 2016

Crystals of KCdCO3F (I), RbCdCO3F (II), KZnCO3F (III), and RbZnCO3F (IV) are grown under subcritical hydrothermal conditions, using e.g. a 1:6:2 molar mixture of CdCl2, KF, and K2CO3 in H2O for KCdCO3F (autoclave, 220 °C, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: All Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis and Intrinsic Bandgap Observation of MoS2/Graphene Heterostructures.
Authors: Zhang Yanfeng , et al.
Published: January 2016

MoS2/graphene monolayer vertical heterostructures are obtained by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition of graphene (CVD) on Au foil using methane as precursor (H2/argon, 970 °C) followed by low‐pressure CVD of monolayer MoS2 triangles using MoO3 and sulfur as precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: V16N1.5: Metastable or Missing in the Binary Phase Diagram?
Authors: Widenmeyer Marc , Wessel Claudia , Dronskowski Richard , Niewa Rainer
Published: January 2016

Three synthetic approaches besides the classical reaction of vanadium with flowing ammonia are evaluated for the preparation of V16N1.5: ammonolysis of β‐V2H, the reaction of vanadium and δ‐VN at elevated temperatures in sealed ampules, and the thermal decomposition of δ‐VN in dynamic vacuum at high temperatures.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Electrophilic α‐Amination of Silyl Enol Ether Derivatives via the Nitrosocarbonyl Hetero‐ene Reaction.
Authors: Sandoval David , Samoshin Andrey V. , Read de Alaniz Javier
Published: January 2016

A highly diastereoselective nitrosocarbonyl hetero‐ene reaction of an in situ generated sultam derived nitrocarbonyl compound with silyl enol ethers offers a highly stereoselective entry to α‐amino ketone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Pincer CNC Bis‐N‐heterocyclic Carbenes: Robust Ligands for Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Arylation of Bromoanthracene and Related Substrates.
Authors: Zende V. M. , Schulzke C. , Kapdi A. R.
Published: January 2016

The novel pincer‐type NHC‐precursor (IPB) is efficiently used for arylation of anthracenes with aryl boronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Weak Coordination Promoted Regioselective Oxidative Coupling Reaction for 2,2′‐Difunctional Biaryl Synthesis in Hexafluoro‐2‐propanol.
Authors: Zhang Chao , Rao Yu
Published: January 2016

This method gives access to biaryls from aryl ketones, esters, and carbamates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Alkylfluorides by the Fluorination of Boronate Complexes.
Authors: Sandford Christopher , Rasappan Ramesh , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: January 2016

Boronates, generated in situ from chiral secondary boronic esters and phenyllithium, are enantiospecifically transformed into alkylfluorides by reaction with selectfluor II (SF2) in the presence of styrene as a radical trap.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective and Enantioselective Addition of Sulfur Nucleophiles to Acyclic α,β,γ,δ‐Unsaturated Dienones Catalyzed by an Iron(III)—Salen Complex.
Authors: Shaw Subrata , White James D.
Published: January 2016

This method allows for the highly enantioselective and regioselective δ‐addition of thiols and thioacetic acid to dienones.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloalkene Carbonitriles in Rhodium‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Addition and Formal Synthesis of Vabicaserin.
Authors: Dziechciejewski Wojciech J. , Weber Regina , Sowada Oliver , Boysen Mike M. K.
Published: January 2016

Conditions for the scalable asymmetric 1,4‐addition of aryl boronic acids onto cyclopentene and cycloheptene carbonitrile and carboxylate are elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: B(C6F5)3: A New Class of Strong and Bulky Lewis Acid for exo‐Selective Intermolecular Diels—Alder Reactions of Unreactive Acyclic Dienes with α,β‐Enals.
Authors: Zhou Jia‐Hui , Jiang Bing , Meng Fei‐Fan , Xu Yun‐He , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: January 2016

The remarkable exo‐selectivities of most of the products may be due to steric interaction between the bulky Lewis acid and the substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Isocyanides and Active Methylene Compounds by a Radical Process.
Authors: Liu Jianquan , Liu Zhenhua , Liao Peiqiu , Zhang Lin , Tu Tao , Bi Xihe
Published: January 2016

A broad variety of methylene compounds, including carbonyl, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, and sulfonyl group containing ones react with aryl isocyanides to form β‐aminoenones, which are most often formed exclusively as E‐isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for Syntheses of Functionalized 6‐Bulkysubstituted Salicylates under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Qu Ren‐Yu , Liu Yu‐Chao , Wu Qiong‐You , Chen Qiong , Yang Guang‐Fu
Published: January 2016

A new efficient method for the synthesis of functionalized 4‐methyl‐6‐bulkyarylsalicylates via a microwave‐promoted Suzuki cross‐coupling is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazolin‐2‐ylidenaminophosphines as Highly Electron‐Rich Ligands for Transition‐Metal Catalysts.
Authors: Wuensche Marius A. , Mehlmann Paul , Witteler Tim , Buss Florenz , Rathmann Patrick , Dielmann Fabian
Published: January 2016

The design and synthesis of novel extremely electron rich phosphine ligands based on imidazolin‐2‐ylideneamine groups is detailed and their ability to catalyze the Suzuki coupling of chloroarenes is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Convenient Method for Synthesis of Benzofuran‐3‐acetic Acids and Naphthafuran‐Acetic Acids.
Authors: Basanagouda Mahantesha , Narayanachar Narayanachar , Majati Iranna B. , Mulimani Shiddappa S. , Sunnal Satish B. , Nadiger Rohit V. , Ghanti Ashok S. , Gudageri Siddeshwar F. , Naik Ravi , Nayak Akshata
Published: January 2016

The base‐catalyzed Perkin rearrangement of coumarins of type (I) affords the corresponding benzofuran derivatives (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Promoted Sequential Michael and Oxidative Dehydrogenation Processes: Synthesis of Trisubstituted Methanes Containing a Coumarin and a Chromone Ring.
Authors: Hu Ya‐Jian , Jiang Neng , Xie Sai‐Sai , Li Su‐Yi , Lan Jin‐Shuai , Kong Ling‐Yi , Wang Xiao‐Bing
Published: January 2016

Various arylidenechromanones react with 4‐hydroxycoumarin affording the title methanes under air and environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Organoselenium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Indoles Through Intramolecular C—H Amination.
Authors: Zhang Xuelin , Guo Ruizhi , Zhao Xiaodan
Published: January 2016

Indoles are prepared by intramolecular amination of 2‐alkenylanilines.The reaction of trisubstituted alkene (VII) gives indole (VIII) via 1,2—phenyl migration.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral γ‐Lactams by Enantioselective Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Cyclopropane Functionalizations.
Authors: Pedroni Julia , Cramer Nicolai
Published: January 2016

Enantioselective Pd(0)‐catalyzed cyclization of N‐chloroacetyl substituted cyclopropylamines (I) and (III) offers a novel approach to cyclopropane fused chiral bicyclic pyrrolidines (II) and (IV) with moderate to good stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,5‐Disubstituted‐1H‐pyrazoles from Acid Chlorides, Alkynes, and Hydrazine in the Presence of Silica‐Supported‐Zinc Bromide.
Authors: Keivanloo Ali , Bakherad Mohammad , Samangooei Shahrzad
Published: January 2016

A one‐pot palladium‐ and copper‐free method is presented for the synthesis of 3,5‐disubstituted‐1H‐pyrazoles using silica‐supported zinc bromide as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 4‐Substituted Cyclic Sulfamidate‐5‐phosphonates by Using Rh‐Catalyzed, Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation with Accompanying Dynamic Kinetic Resolution.
Authors: Seo Yeon Ji , Kim Jin‐ah , Lee Hyeon‐Kyu
Published: January 2016

Using formic acid/Et3N as H source, RhCl((R,R)‐TosDPEN)(Cp*)‐catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of respective cyclic sulfamidate imine‐5‐phosphonates gives the title compounds in nearly quantitative yield and with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Protocol for Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐a]acridines.
Authors: Satheeshkumar Rajendran , Kaminsky Werner , Sparkes Hazel A. , Rajendra Prasad Karnam Jayarampillai
Published: January 2016

Six title compounds of type (VI) are prepared by a three‐step reaction sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition of Cyclobutenone and Azomethine Imine Enabled by Chiral Isothiourea Organic Catalysts.
Authors: Li Bao‐Sheng , Wang Yuhuang , Jin Zhichao , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: January 2016

The title reaction affords nitrogen‐containing heterocycles with excellent diastereo‐and enantioselectivities and provides a new reaction pattern for C—C bond activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Epoxidation of Alkylidenemalononitriles: Key Step for One‐Pot Approach to Enantioenriched 3‐Substituted Piperazin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Meninno Sara , Vidal‐Albalat Andreu , Lattanzi Alessandra
Published: January 2016

An enantioselective epoxidation of alkylidenemalononitriles using a cinchona‐derived thiourea as the organocatalyst and cumyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropenes for the Synthesis of Cyclopropane‐Fused Dihydroquinolines and Benzazepines.
Authors: Luo Hui‐Xin , Niu You‐Hong , Cao Xiao‐Ping , Ye Xin‐Shan
Published: January 2016

A novel Povarov‐type three‐component reaction of cyclopropenes, anilines, and aromatic aldehydes is efficiently catalyzed by TfOH leading to desired cyclopropane‐fused dihydroquinolines (IV) and (VIII), which are converted into N‐triflated benzazepines (VI) and (IX), resp., via a ring opening/isomerization reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Dicarabrol, a New Dimeric Sesquiterpene from Carpesium abrotanoides L.
Authors: Wang Jun‐Feng , He Wei‐Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Xiao , Zhao Bi‐Qing , Liu Yong‐Hong , Zhou Xiao‐Jiang
Published: January 2016

Dicarabrol (I) is isolated from the whole plant of Carpesium abrotanoides L.
ChemInform Abstract: Merosesquiterpenoids and Ten‐Membered Macrolides from a Soft Coral‐Derived Lophiostoma sp. Fungus.
Authors: Zheng Cai‐Juan , Shao Chang‐Lun , Chen Min , Niu Zhi‐Gang , Zhao Dong‐Lin , Wang Chang‐Yun
Published: January 2016

isolation, structure elucidation and biological activities of a new merosesquiterpenoid, craterellin D (I), its analogue craterellin A, and five known ten‐membered macrolides
ChemInform Abstract: Review ‐ Solid Electrolytes in Rechargeable Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Goodenough John B. , Singh Preetam
Published: January 2016

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium and Vanadium Imido‐Bridged Complexes
Authors: Lorber Christian
Published: January 2016

Review: syntheses, structures, reactivity, and applications; 142 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning Reactivity and Selectivity in Hydrogen Atom Transfer from Aliphatic C—H Bonds to Alkoxyl Radicals: Role of Structural and Medium Effects
Authors: Salamone Michela , Bietti Massimo
Published: January 2016

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycoconjugates of Polyhedral Boron Clusters
Authors: Satapathy Rashmirekha , Dash Barada P. , Mahanta Chandra Sekhara , Swain Biswa Ranjan , Jena Bibhuti Bhusan , Hosmane Narayan S.
Published: January 2016

Review: recent advances in the synthesis and utilization; 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Promise of Resonant Inelastic X‐Ray Scattering for Modern Kondo Physics
Authors: Hancock J. N. , Jarrige I.
Published: January 2016

Review: 45 refs.
New concepts in low‐temperature catalytic hydrogenation and their implications for process intensification
Authors: Fernández Camila , Karelovic Alejandro , Gaigneaux Eric M. , Ruiz Patricio
Published: January 2016

The study of dynamic catalytic processes occurring at nanoscale provides necessary information to innovate in process intensification (PI). The present study addresses the catalytic performance of Rh, Cu, and Ru‐supported nanoparticles, under mild reaction conditions (< 250 °C, < 500 kPa), for three reactions: (i) the hydrogenation of CO2 to methane, (ii) the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol, and (iii) the hydrogenation of N2 to ammonia. In all systems, the activity and selectivity are promoted by the presence of large metal nanoparticles, and therefore, a broad distribution of sizes is needed for high activity. The enhanced performance of Rh and Ru nanocatalysts results from catalytic cooperation between small and larger metal nanoparticles. Larger particles provide small ones with the hydrogen needed for an efficient hydrogenation of adsorbed reaction intermediates. Large Cu particles promote methanol formation on Cu/ZnO catalysts, indicating that a similar catalytic cooperation might proceed between large Cu particles and the sites adsorbing reaction intermediates. Some particular crystal planes and defects developed in larger nanoparticles would facilitate the activation and transfer of hydrogen, giving rise to a cooperation mechanism via hydrogen supply. More accurate kinetic models can be developed from a deep understanding of dynamic processes occurring at nanoscale. The new models can be later applied in the design and development of high‐performance units and plants. In addition, a multidisciplinary PI approach including the study of nanoscale catalytic processes would certainly lead to important improvements on the existing process technologies.
Early detection of colonic dysplasia by magnetic resonance molecular imaging with a contrast agent raised against the colon cancer marker MUC5AC
Authors: Rossez Yannick , Burtea Carmen , Laurent Sophie , Gosset Pierre , Léonard Renaud , Gonzalez Walter , Ballet Sébastien , Raynal Isabelle , Rousseaux Olivier , Dugué Timothée , Vander Elst Luce , Michalski Jean‐Claude , Muller Robert N. , Robbe‐Masselot Catherine
Published: January 2016

Human gastric mucin MUC5AC is secreted in the colonic mucus of cancer patients and is a specific marker of precancerous lesions called aberrant crypt foci. Using MUC5AC as a specific marker can improve sensitivity in the detection of early colorectal cancer. Here we demonstrated that the accumulation of MUC5AC in xenograft and mouse stomach can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (USPIOs) conjugated with disulfide constrained heptapeptide that were identified using a screening phage display. To accomplish this, we employed positive selection of the phage display library on MUC5AC purified from fresh human colonic adenomas in combination with negative selection of the phage library on purified human MUC2, which is predominantly found in normal colorectal tissues. This conjugate was tested on human colorectal cancer cell lines that were either able or unable to secrete MUC5AC, both in vitro and in vivo. MUC5AC–USPIO contrast agent and USPIOs alone were not detected in cell lines unable to secrete MUC5AC. A combination of MRI and microscopy studies was performed to detect a specific accumulation of the contrast agent in vivo. Thus, the MUC5AC contrast agent enabled non‐invasive detection of precancerous lesions and colorectal cancer, highlighting its potential use in diagnostics, in the early detection of colorectal cancer recurrences after treatment and in mechanistic studies implicating MUC5AC. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Permittivity measurement of liquids, powders, and suspensions using a parallel‐plate cell
Authors: Kordzadeh Atefeh , De Zanche Nicola
Published: January 2016

This work describes the measurement of complex permittivity (or dielectric constant) of powders (water insoluble), solutions, and suspensions using a parallel‐plate capacitor cell. An impedance analyzer measures the cell's impedance at radio frequencies used in nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging (10–300 MHz) through an appropriate test fixture. The cell's impedance is fitted to an equivalent circuit using a Matlab script or other software, and the permittivity of the material is extracted after calibration with known materials. The permittivity of the solid material is obtained from that of the powder suspension using known mixing rules. Measurements for most materials tested are in agreement with those obtained using standard coaxial probes. Some discrepancies are observed for loose powders because of the difficulty of controlling the amount of packing. For high‐permittivity materials or conductive solutions an enhanced equivalent circuit has been found that characterizes the cell's behavior over the full frequency range. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 46B: 19–24, 2016
Mirror Symmetry Breaking by Chirality Synchronisation in Liquids and Liquid Crystals of Achiral Molecules
Authors: Tschierske Carsten , Ungar Goran
Published: January 2016

The front cover artwork is provided by the group of Carsten Tschierske, Martin Luther University, Halle‐Wittenberg. The image shows a liquid conglomerate, as observed between slightly uncrossed polarizers; the dark and bright areas correspond to domains rotating the plane of linearly polarized light in opposite directions. Representative enantiomorphic helical conformers and an illustration of twisted molecular stacking are superimposed. Read the full text of the Minireview at 10.1002/cphc.201500601
Shuttling as a Strategy to Control the Regiochemistry of Bis‐Additions on Fullerene Derivatives
Authors: Carini Marco , Da Ros Tatiana , Prato Maurizio , Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio
Published: January 2016

The reactivity of a fullerene‐stoppered rotaxane, a C60 monoadduct, towards a second cycloaddition reaction is explored. The close proximity of the macrocycle to the fullerene sphere is able to allosterically influence the second cycloaddition reaction, giving rise to a selected mixture of bis‐adducts.
Pharmacokinetic studies of tolmetin in man
Authors: Selley M. L. , Glass J. , Triggs E. J. , Thomas J.
Published: January 2016

The pharmacokinetics of the new anti‐inflammatory agent tolmetin have been studied after its oral administration to normal subjects and to patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Plasma concentration‐time data were fitted to a one‐compartment open model. Following single oral doses, no basic differences in rates of drug absorption and elimination were found between normal subjects and arthritic patients. For the 12 subjects studied, the overall mean elimination rate constant was 0.839 hr‒1, corresponding to a plasma half‐life of 0.83 hr. The drug was rapidly absorbed and had a mean apparent volume of distribution of 0.098 1/kg. Plasma levels and pharmacokinetic parameters of tolmetin in arthritic patients after multiple dosing were similar to those after a single dose.
Consider impact of recent ruling that gives team physicians greater power in determining athletic eligibility
Authors: Masinter Michael
Published: January 2016

Do schools with athletic programs violate the Americans with Disabilities Act by prohibiting student‐athletes from participating in athletic activities without clearance from a team physician? How closely should courts review disputes over medical clearance? A recent 2–1 court of appeals decision in Class v. Towson University, et al., No. 15‐1811 (4th Cir. 11/13/15) broadly defers to team physician judgments. The majority held that the school team could bar a student‐athlete from participation based on the decision of a team physician as long as the decision was made in good faith. The dissenting judge argued that the ADA and the Supreme Court decision in Bragdon v. Abbott required more than a good‐faith decision on medical risk; rather, Bragdon v. Abbott requires that medical risk judgments be objectively reasonable, “based on the objective scientific evidence available to him and others in his profession.”
Study finds increase in online graduate programs due to traditional classroom ableism
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: January 2016

A study conducted by two researchers, Susana Verdinelli of Walden University and Debbi Kutner of the University of Phoenix, has found that many students with disabilities or learning disorders enroll in online classes or at online institutions to avoid the stigma (real or perceived) found in traditional classrooms. The study was launched to investigate the growing increase in disabled students enrolling in online graduate programs. However, recent research has also indicated that while online enrollment is up among disabled students, completion rates are decreasing. The study sought to understand why disabled students were increasingly drawn to online programs, as well as identify some of the factors that promoted persistence in the program.
Macrophage response to oncolytic paramyxoviruses potentiates virus‐mediated tumor cell killing
Authors: Tan Darren Qiancheng , Zhang LiFeng , Ohba Kenji , Ye Min , Ichiyama Koji , Yamamoto Naoki
Published: January 2016

Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are known to regulate tumor response to many anti‐cancer therapies, including oncolytic virotherapy. Oncolytic virotherapy employing oncolytic paramyxoviruses, such as attenuated measles (MeV) and mumps (MuV) viruses, has demonstrated therapeutic potential against various malignancies. However, the response of TAMs to oncolytic paramyxoviruses and the consequent effect on virotherapeutic efficacy remains to be characterized. Here, we demonstrate that the presence of human monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs), irrespective of initial polarization state, enhances the virotherapeutic effect of MeV and MuV on breast cancer cells. Notably, our finding contrasts those of several studies involving other oncolytic viruses, which suggest that TAMs negatively impact virotherapeutic efficacy by impeding virus replication and dissemination. We found that the enhanced virotherapeutic effect in the presence of MDMs was due to slightly delayed proliferation and significantly elevated cell death that was not a result of increased virus replication. Instead, we found that the enhanced virotherapeutic effect involved several macrophage‐associated anti‐tumor mediators, and was associated with the modulation of MDMs towards an anti‐tumor phenotype. Our findings present an alternative view on the role of TAMs in oncolytic virotherapy, and highlight the immunotherapeutic potential of oncolytic paramyxoviruses; possibly contributing towards the overall efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy.
The murine neutrophil NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by soluble but not particulate or crystalline agonists
Authors: Chen Kaiwen W. , Bezbradica Jelena S. , Groß Christina J. , Wall Adam A. , Sweet Matthew J. , Stow Jennifer L. , Schroder Kate
Published: January 2016

Neutrophils express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and regulate immune responses via PRR‐dependent cytokine production. An emerging theme is that neutrophil PRRs often exhibit cell type‐specific adaptations in their signalling pathways. This prompted us to examine inflammasome signalling by the PRR NLRP3 in murine neutrophils, in comparison to well‐established NLRP3 signalling pathways in macrophages. Here, we demonstrate that while murine neutrophils can indeed signal via the NLRP3 inflammasome, neutrophil NLRP3 selectively responds to soluble agonists but not to the particulate/crystalline agonists that trigger NLRP3 activation in macrophages via phagolysosomal rupture. In keeping with this, alum did not trigger IL‐1β production from human PMN, and the lysosomotropic peptide Leu‐Leu‐OMe stimulated only weak NLRP3‐dependent IL‐1β production from murine neutrophils, suggesting that lysosomal rupture is not a strong stimulus for NLRP3 activation in neutrophils. We validated our in vitro findings for poor neutrophil NLRP3 responses to particles in vivo, where we demonstrated that neutrophils do not significantly contribute to alum‐induced IL‐1β production in mice. In all, our studies highlight that myeloid cell identity and the nature of the danger signal can strongly influence signalling by a single PRR, thus shaping the nature of the resultant immune response.
Lean mass predicts conditioned pain modulation in adolescents across weight status
Authors: Stolzman S. , Hoeger Bement M.
Published: January 2016

Background

There is a wide continuum of conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in adults with older adults experiencing an attenuatedCPMresponse compared with younger adults. Less is known for adolescents and the role of anthropometrics.

Methods

Fifty‐six adolescents (15.1 ± 1.8 years; 32 normal weight and 24 overweight/obese; 27 boys) completed in aCPMsession that included anthropometric testing. Pressure pain thresholds were measured at the nailbed and deltoid muscle (test stimuli) with the foot submerged in a cool or ice water bath (conditioning stimulus). Weight status, body composition (Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan), physical activity levels and clinical pain were also evaluated.

Results

TheCPMresponse in adolescents was similar across sites (nailbed vs. deltoid), weight status (normal vs. overweight/obese) and sex.CPMmeasured at the deltoid muscle was positively associated with left arm lean mass but not fat mass; lean mass of the arm uniquely predicted 10% of theCPMmagnitude.CPMmeasured at the nailbed was positively correlated with physical activity levels.

Conclusions

These results suggest that lean mass and physical activity levels may contribute to endogenous pain inhibition in adolescents across weight status.
Standardized genotyping of HLA STR by CE as surrogate for HLA class I and II markers and for identification of HLA identical siblings
Authors: Dauber Eva‐Maria , Wenda Sabine , Schwartz‐Jungl Elisabeth‐Maria , Glock Barbara , Mayr Wolfgang R.
Published: January 2016

Linkage disequilibria (LD) between alleles and haplotypes of human leucocyte antigen, locus A (HLA) and STR loci located in the human major histocompatibility complex were analyzed in order to investigate whether or not HLA alleles and haplotypes are predictable by alleles or haplotypes of HLA STRs. Standardized genotyping of eight STR loci (D6S2972, D6S2906, D6S2691, D6S2678, D6S2792, D6S2789, D6S273, and DQIV) was performed by CE on 600 individuals from 150 Austrian Caucasoid families with known HLA‐A,‐B,‐C and –DRB1 typing. From those, 576 full haplotypes of four HLA and eight STR loci were obtained. Haplotypes of two flanking STRs predicted HLA alleles and two‐locus HLA haplotypes better than single STR alleles, except HLA‐DRB1 alleles (92% were in LD with DQIV alleles only). A percentage of 65–86% of three and four‐locus HLA haplotypes were in LD with haplotypes of three, four, and eight of their flanking STR loci including numerous clear‐cut predictions (20–61%). All eight and a set of the four most informative STR loci D6S2972, D6S2678, D6S2792, and DQIV could identify all HLA identical and nonidentical siblings in 138 pairs of siblings. The results of this proof of concept study in Austrian Caucasoids show, that HLA STRs can aid the definition of HLA‐A,‐B,‐C,‐DRB1 haplotypes and the selection of sibling donors for stem cell transplantation.
Seismic response analysis of an interacting curved bridge–train system under frequent earthquakes
Authors: Zeng Qing , Dimitrakopoulos Elias G.
Published: January 2016

This paper establishes a scheme for the seismic analysis of interacting vehicle–bridge systems. The focus is on (horizontally) curved continuous railway bridges and frequent earthquakes. Main features of the proposed scheme are (i) the treatment of the dynamics in all three dimensions (3D), employing an additional rotating system of reference to describe the dynamics of the vehicles and a realistic 3D bridge model; (ii) the simulation of the creep interaction forces generated by the rolling contact between the wheel and the rail; and (iii) the integration of the proposed scheme with powerful commercial finite element software, during the pre‐processing and post‐processing phases of the analysis. The study brings forward the dynamics of a realistic vehicle–bridge (interacting) system during seismic shaking. For the (vehicle–bridge) case examined, the results verify the favorable damping effect the running vehicles have on the vibration of the deck. By contrast, the study stresses the adverse influence of the earthquake‐induced bridge vibration on the riding comfort but, more importantly, on the safety of the running vehicles. In this context, the paper unveils also a vehicle–bridge–earthquake timing problem, behind the most critical vehicle response, and underlines the need for a probabilistic treatment. Among the 20 sets of historic records examined, the most crucial for the safety of the vehicles are near‐fault ground motions. Finally, the study shows that even frequent earthquakes, of moderate intensity, can threaten the safety of vehicles running on bridges during the ground motion excitation, in accordance with recorded accidents. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐repair effect of column jackets on aftershock fragilities of damaged RC bridges subjected to successive earthquakes
Authors: Jeon Jong‐Su , DesRoches Reginald , Lee Do Hyung
Published: January 2016

In light of recent earthquakes, structures damaged during an initial seismic event (mainshock) may be more vulnerable to severe damage and collapse during a subsequent event (aftershock). In this paper, a framework for the development of aftershock fragilities is presented; these aftershock fragilities define the likelihood that a bridge damaged during an initial event will exhibit a given damage state following one or more subsequent events. The framework is capable of (i) quantifying the cumulative damage of unrepaired bridges subjected to mainshock–aftershock sequences (effect of multiple earthquakes) and (ii) evaluating the effectiveness of column repair schemes such as steel and fiber‐reinforced‐polymer jackets (post‐repair effect of jackets). To achieve this aim, the numerical model of repaired columns is validated using existing experimental results. A non‐seismically designed bridge is chosen as a case study and is modeled for three numerical bridge models: a damaged (but unrepaired) bridge model, and two bridge models with columns repaired with steel and fiber‐reinforced polymer jackets. A series of back‐to‐back dynamic analyses under successive earthquakes are performed for each level of existing damage. Using simulated results, failure probabilities of components for multiple limit states are computed for each bridge model and then are used to evaluate the relative vulnerability of components associated with cumulative damage and column repair. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient method for selecting and scaling ground motions matching target response spectrum mean and variance
Authors: Ha Seong Jin , Han Sang Whan
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this study is to propose an accurate and efficient method for selecting and scaling ground motions matching target response spectrum mean and variance, which does not require excessive computation and simulation. In the proposed method, a desired number of ground motions are sequentially scaled and selected from a ground motion library without iterations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide on acute toxicity of pyrethrins to Hyalella azteca
Authors: Giddings Jeffrey , Gagne James , Sharp Janice
Published: January 2016

A series of acute toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca was performed to quantify the synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on pyrethrin toxicity. Concentrations of PBO <4 µg/L caused no toxicity enhancement, whereas toxicity increased with PBO concentrations between 4 µg/L and 15 µg/L. Additive toxicity calculations showed that true synergism accounted for an increase in pyrethrin toxicity (decrease in median lethal concentration) of 1.4-fold to 1.6-fold and varied only slightly between 4 µg/L and 15 µg/L PBO, whereas direct toxicity of PBO accounted for an additional increase in mixture toxicity (up to 3.2-fold) that was proportional to PBO concentration. The results can be used to assess the risk of measured or predicted co-occurring concentrations of PBO and pyrethrins in surface waters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2111–2116. © 2016 SETAC
Duality of channel encoding and decoding—Part II: rate‐1 non‐binary convolutional codes
Authors: You Qimin , Li Yonghui , Liew Soung Chang , Vucetic Branka
Published: January 2016

This is the second part of a series of papers on a revisit to the bidirectional Bahl–Cocke–Jelinek–Raviv (BCJR) soft‐in‐soft‐out maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) decoding algorithm. Part I revisited the BCJR MAP decoding algorithm for rate‐1 binary convolutional codes and proposed a linear complexity decoder using shift registers in the complex number field. Part II proposes a low complexity decoder for rate‐1 non‐binary convolutional codes that achieves the same error performance as the bidirectional BCJR soft‐in‐soft‐out MAP decoding algorithm. We observe an explicit relationship between the encoding and decoding of rate‐1 convolutional codes in GF(q). Based on this relationship, the BCJR forward and backward decoding are implemented by dual encoders using shift registers whose contents are vectors of complex numbers. The input to the dual encoders is the probability mass function of the received symbols, and the output of the dual encoders is the probability mass function of the information symbols. The bidirectional BCJR MAP decoding is implemented by linearly combining the shift register contents of the dual encoders for forward and backward decoding. The proposed decoder significantly reduces the computational complexity of the bidirectional BCJR MAP algorithm from exponential to linear with constraint length of convolutional codes. To further reduce complexity, fast Fourier transform is applied. Mathematical proofs and simulation results are provided to validate our proposed decoder. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
„Starker Wunsch nach Kooperation”︁
Authors: Bastong Benedikt
Published: January 2016

Was der erste deutsch‐russische SFB über die bilateralen Wissenschaftsbeziehungen aussagt und wie das DFG‐Büro in Moskau mit der Reform des russischen Wissenschaftssystems und der politischen Krise umgeht / Büroleiter Jörn Achterberg im Gespräch
Verlorene Illusionen
Authors: Unterstell Rembert
Published: January 2016

Im Chiffrejahr 1968 schien auch in der Pädagogik nichts unmöglich. In der täglichen Erziehung aber führten die Liberalisierungsträume auch in Abgründe. Ein Gespräch mit der Pädagogin Meike Baader, die als eine der ersten beide Seiten beleuchtet — ein weiter Bogen von der Erziehung in Kinderläden über zeittypische Aufklärungsbücher bis zu sexualisierter Gewalt.
Theoretical Study of the Dimerization of Chlorophyll (a) and Its Hydrates: Implication for Chlorophyll (a) Aggregation
Authors: Ben Fredj Arij
Published: January 2016

Dimeric structures chlorophyll (a) (Chla) and their mono‐ and dihydrated have been suggested to play an important role in the mechanism of photoreaction center chlorophyll special pairs PSI and PSII. Despite their functional importance, the molecular basis structures for interacting two Chla molecules and the structural stabilization role of H2O in the formation of hydrated Chla dimer complexes is poorly understood. In this article, the different coordination modes between two interacting Chla molecules and the configurational (orientation and distance) features between the dimer and bound H2O molecules are characterized by means of super molecule approach the density functional theory DFT. An estimation of the thermodynamic quantities is made for Chla dimerization and hydration processes. The results indicate that structure including ester linkages via H2O hydrogen bonding is the most favorable conformation for the dihydrated chlorophyll (a) dimer at B3LYP/6‐31G*‐DCP level of calculation. The dispersion interaction is shown to be of great significance for the Chla dimer stabilization. In aqueous nonpolar solvent, the thermodynamics show that Chla has a slightly stronger driving force for full hydration than for dimerization and that hydration of the dimers is rather weakly exergonic. The tetrahydrated dimers having a similar arrangement to that in crystals of ethyl chlorophyllide (a) dihydrate are found to be more stable than the Chla dihydrated dimer. The data underscore the key role of H‐bonding in the stability of Chla‐H2O adducts and, in particular, the great importance of the Chla monomeric dihydrated species in the hydration and dimerization of Chla in aqueous media. Clearly, the Chla dihydrates (Chla‐2 H2O) are found more stable than the monohydrates (Chla‐H2O) and the Chla dimers (Chla2), owing to a particular structure in which cooperative interactions occur between the H2O molecules and Chla. Calculations also indicate that the most thermodynamically preferred pathway for the formation of Chla dimer hydrates can be represented by two steps: the first corresponds to the formation of Chla monomeric dihydrates and the second is the dimerization of the dihydrates on to tetrahydrated Chla dimers. These results allow to obtain a new possible pathway for Chla dimer formation processes and could provide new insights to the aggregation of chlorophyll (a) in solution.
Paeonenoides D and E: Two New Nortriterpenoids from Paeonia lactiflora and Their Inhibitory Activities on NO Production
Authors: Fu Qiang , Qiu Lu , Yuan Hai‐Mei , Yu Tian , Zou Liang
Published: January 2016

Two new nortriterpenoids, paeonenoides D and E (1 and 2, resp.), together with seven known compounds, were isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 1–7 were screened for inhibitory effects against NO production in LPS‐induced RAW246.7 macrophages and for cytotoxic activities against HL‐60, Hep‐G2, and SK‐OV‐3 cell lines. Compounds 1–3 and 5–7 exhibited inhibitory activities with IC50 values in the range of 9.6–32.2 μM. Triterpenoids with an epoxide ring and a free COOH function, 1–3, showed effectively increased activities compared with other pentacyclic triterpenoids. Compounds 1–6 showed significant cytotoxic activities against the Hep‐G2 cell line and modest cytotoxic activities against HL‐60 and SK‐OV‐3 cell lines.
Reduction of N‐Nitrosaminoquinolinediones with LiAlH4 – an Easy Path to New Tricyclic Benzoxadiazocines
Authors: Klásek Antonín , Lyčka Antonín , Křemen Filip , Růžička Aleš , Rouchal Michal
Published: January 2016

3‐Butylaminoquinolinediones (1) react with NaNO2 in AcOH to give the corresponding N‐nitrosoderivatives (2). The analogous reactions of 4‐hydroxy‐3‐butylaminoquinolinediones (5), prepared by the reduction of 1 with NaBH4, produce the corresponding nitrosamines (4). The reduction of both 2 and 4 with Zn under different conditions was non‐productive, but the reduction of both compounds with LiAlH4 at the oxo and lactame groups yielded impure products, generating new tricyclic benzoxadiazocines (9) by a reaction with HNCO. All compounds were characterized by IR, 1H‐, and 13C‐NMR (in some cases, 15N‐NMR also) spectroscopy and EI and/or ESI mass spectrometry. The X‐ray structure of compound 9g was determined.
Synthesis of Novel Porphyrin Derivatives and Their Cytotoxic Activities against A431 Cells
Authors: Yao Ya‐Hong , Luo Yun , Li Jun , Zhang Feng‐Xing
Published: January 2016

Three novel porphyrins, including two Schiff‐bases porphyrins, 5,10,15‐triphenyl‐20‐[4‐(2‐(4‐formyl)phenoxy)ethoxy]phenyl porphyrin (H2Pp(1)), 5,10,15‐triphenyl‐20‐[4‐(2‐(4‐hydroxyimino)phenoxy)ethoxy]phenyl porphyrin (H2Pp(2)) and 5,10,15‐triphenyl‐20‐[4‐(2‐(4‐m‐hydroxyanilinodeneformyl)phenoxy)ethoxy]phenyl porphyrin (H2Pp(3)), as well as three metalloporphyrins (CuPp (1a), ZnPp (1b), and CoPp (1c)) of porphyrin H2Pp(1) were synthesized. Their molecular structures were characterized by 1H‐NMR, MS, UV/VIS, and FT‐IR spectra. Furthermore, they were evaluated by their cytotoxicities against human epidermal squamous cell carcinoma cell (A431) and normal human horn cells (HaCaT) in vitro with MTT assay. Interestingly, these porphyrins and metalloporphyrins, which had a negligible cytotoxicity to HaCaT cells, showed highly cytotoxicity against A431 cells with IC50 values in the range of 6.6–9.8 μM, and metalloporphyrins exhibited higher cytotoxicity than that of metal‐free porphyrins.
Database support for adaptation to climate change: An assessment of web-based portals across scales
Authors: Sanderson Hans , Hilden Mikael , Russel Duncan , Dessai Suraje
Published: January 2016

The widely recognized increase in greenhouse gas emissions is necessitating adaptation to a changing climate, and policies are being developed and implemented worldwide, across sectors, and between government scales globally. The aim of this article is to reflect on one of the major challenges: facilitating and sharing information on the next adaptation practices. Web portals (i.e., web sites) for disseminating information are important tools in meeting this challenge, and therefore, we assessed the characteristics of select major portals across multiple scales. We found that there is a rather limited number of case studies available in the portals—between 900 and 1000 in total—with 95 that include cost information and 195 that include the participation of stakeholders globally. Portals are rarely cited by researchers, suggesting a suboptimal connection between the practical, policy-related, and scientific development of adaptation. The government portals often lack links on search results between US and European Union (EU) web sites, for example. With significant investments and policy development emerging in both the United States and the European Union, there is great potential to share information via portals. Moreover, there is the possibility of better connecting the practical adaptation experience from bottom-up projects to the science of adaptation. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:627–631. © 2016 SETAC