bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly cited articles in the Information Science and Library Science category in Social Science Citation Index: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Ivanović Dragan , Ho Yuh-Shan
Published: June 2014

This study aims to identify and analyse the characteristics of highly cited articles published in the Information Science and Library Science category in the Social Science Citation Index. Articles that have been cited at least 100 times since publication up to the end of 2012 were analysed. We identified 501 highly cited articles published between 1956 and 2009 in 37 journals. MIS Quarterly published 26% of all analysed highly cited articles. The most productive researcher published 11 articles. Six bibliometric indicators were used to evaluate source institutions and countries. The 13 most productive institutions were all located in the USA and Canada. Harvard University in the USA was the most productive institution, ranked number one in the total number of highly cited articles, while the University of Maryland in the USA had the highest publication performance of first and corresponding author articles. Researchers from the USA contributed 67% of highly cited articles.
Personal strategies for managing a second career: The experiences of Spanish Olympians
Authors: Vilanova Anna , Puig Núria
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine how Olympians experience the transition to a second career, to identify the strategies they may or may not implement in order to prepare for it, and to determine the main factors that influence this process. Using a phenomenological approach we asked 26 Spanish Olympians (13 men and 13 women) from different summer Olympic sports about their experiences when it came to preparing for and entering a new place of work. The results revealed two main groups. The ‘strategists’ were Olympians with an awareness of their future and a deep understanding of their work environment, who took specific steps (academic training, entering a new job before ending their sporting career, saving money, taking advantage of their sporting capital and voluntary retirement) in order to enter their second career. The family was shown to be a key influence for Olympians in this group. At the other end of the spectrum were the ‘non-strategists’, those who did not combine their career in sport with an academic or vocational career. What set these Olympians apart was a lack of awareness regarding the need to prepare for their future career and that they did not implement strategies that might help them in this regard. In this group the family appeared somewhat indifferent to the question of what would happen when the athlete’s sporting career ended. These findings could serve as a platform from which to develop programs and assist athletes according to the group with which they are identified.
Seasonal Variation in Homicide and Assault Across Large U.S. Cities
Authors: McDowall David , Curtis Karise M.
Published: June 2014

Although most crimes follow seasonal cycles, homicide is an apparent exception. The absence of homicide seasonality is surprising given that assault, a closely related offense, has an obvious annual pattern. Focusing on large U.S. cities, this article reevaluates seasonality in homicide rates using data with more extensive spatial and areal dimensions than in previous research. Panel decompositions reveal seasonal cycles in both homicide and assault rates. Seasonality stands out more clearly in assault, however, and the patterns differ somewhat in their details. The findings support the idea that assault and homicide have similar seasonal fluctuations, but they also suggest that the crimes are more distinct than criminologists often believe.
Current Evidence for the Impact of Physical Fitness on Health Outcomes in Youth
Authors: Sacheck Jennifer M. , Hall Meghan
Published: June 2014

Physical fitness is tightly linked to our ability to be physically active, and poor fitness is tied to increased risk of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. In 2011, the Institute of Medicine appointed an expert committee to review the evidence between physical fitness and health outcomes in youth. Specifically, experimental and longitudinal studies published between 2000 and 2010 were reviewed in the areas of body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, musculoskeletal fitness, and flexibility. Specific fitness tests that were linked to health risk factors or health outcomes in each of these areas were identified. Recommendations for the best fitness test items for use in schools and also for a national survey were given. In addition, guidance was provided for interpretation of fitness test scores along with recommendations for areas of needed future research. Key findings from the final report “Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth” will be reviewed.
NrasG12D oncoprotein inhibits apoptosis of preleukemic cells expressing Cbfβ-SMMHC via activation of MEK/ERK axis
Authors: Xue Liting , Pulikkan John A. , Valk Peter J. M. , Castilla Lucio H.
Published: June 2014

Key Points

The oncoproteins NrasG12D and Cbfβ-SMMHC increase survival of preleukemic progenitor cells via MEK/ERK signaling and reduce Bim-EL expression. The NrasLSL-G12D; Cbfb56M mouse is a valuable genetic model for the study of inv(16) AML–targeted therapies.
Abnormally differentiated CD4+ or CD8+ T cells with phenotypic and genetic features of double negative T cells in human Fas deficiency
Authors: Rensing-Ehl Anne , Völkl Simon , Speckmann Carsten , Lorenz Myriam Ricarda , Ritter Julia , Janda Ales , Abinun Mario , Pircher Hanspeter , Bengsch Bertram , Thimme Robert , Fuchs Ilka , Ammann Sandra , Allgäuer Andrea , Kentouche Karim , Cant Andrew , Hambleton Sophie , Bettoni da Cunha Claudia , Huetker Sebastian , Kühnle Ingrid , Pekrun Arnulf , Seidel Markus G. , Hummel Michael , Mackensen Andreas , Schwarz Klaus , Ehl Stephan
Published: June 2014

Key Points

Lack of KLRG1 and T-bet expression is a unique feature of DNT and subsets of single positive T cells in ALPS patients. Genetic, phenotypic, and transcriptional evidence indicates that DNT in ALPS patients derive from both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
Single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype effects associated with somatic cell score in German Holstein cattle
Authors: Abdel-Shafy Hamdy , Bortfeldt Ralf H , Tetens Jens , Brockmann Gudrun A
Published: June 2014

Background

To better understand the genetic determination of udder health, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on a population of 2354 German Holstein bulls for which daughter yield deviations (DYD) for somatic cell score (SCS) were available. For this study, we used genetic information of 44 576 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 11 725 inferred haplotype blocks.

Results

When accounting for the sub-structure of the analyzed population, 16 SNPs and 10 haplotypes in six genomic regions were significant at the Bonferroni threshold of P ≤ 1.14 × 10-6. The size of the identified regions ranged from 0.05 to 5.62 Mb. Genomic regions on chromosomes 5, 6, 18 and 19 coincided with known QTL affecting SCS, while additional genomic regions were found on chromosomes 13 and X. Of particular interest is the region on chromosome 6 between 85 and 88 Mb, where QTL for mastitis traits and significant SNPs for SCS in different Holstein populations coincide with our results. In all identified regions, except for the region on chromosome X, significant SNPs were present in significant haplotypes. The minor alleles of identified SNPs on chromosomes 18 and 19, and the major alleles of SNPs on chromosomes 6 and X were favorable for a lower SCS. Differences in somatic cell count (SCC) between alternative SNP alleles reached 14 000 cells/mL.

Conclusions

The results support the polygenic nature of the genetic determination of SCS, confirm the importance of previously reported QTL, and provide evidence for the segregation of additional QTL for SCS in Holstein cattle. The small size of the regions identified here will facilitate the search for causal genetic variations that affect gene functions.
Induction of protective immune response against both PPRV and FMDV by a novel recombinant PPRV expressing FMDV VP1
Authors: Yin Chunsheng , Chen Weiye , Hu Qianqian , Wen Zhiyuan , Wang Xijun , Ge Jinying , Yin Qianqian , Zhi Haibing , Xia Chun , Bu Zhigao
Published: June 2014

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) are both highly contagious diseases of small domestic and wild ruminants caused by the PPR virus (PPRV) and the FMD virus (FMDV). In this study, a recombinant PPRV expressing the FMDV VP1 gene (rPPRV/VP1) was generated and FMDV VP1 expression did not impair replication of the recombinant virus in vitro and immunogenicity in inducing neutralizing antibody against PPR in goats. Vaccination with one dose of rPPRV/VP1 induced FMDV neutralizing antibody in goats and protected them from challenge with virulent FMDV. Our results suggest that the recombinant PPRV expressing the FMDV VP1 protein is a potential dual live vectored vaccine against PPRV and FMDV.
Dynamic-locking-screw (DLS)–leads to less secondary screw perforations in proximal humerus fractures
Authors: Freude Thomas , Schroeter Steffen , Plecko Michael , Bahrs Christian , Martetschlaeger Frank , Kraus Tobias M , Stoeckle Ulrich , Doebele Stefan
Published: June 2014

Background

Loss of reduction and screw perforation causes high failure rates in the treatment of proximal humerus fractures. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the early postoperative complications using modern Dynamic Locking Screws (DLS 3.7) for plating of proximal humerus fractures.

Methods

Between 03/2009 and 12/2010, 64 patients with acute proximal humerus fractures were treated by angular stable plate fixation using DLSs in a limited multi-centre study. Follow-up examinations were performed three, six, twelve and twenty-four weeks postoperatively and any complications were carefully collected.

Results

56 of 64 patients were examined at the six-month follow-up. Complications were observed in 12 patients (22%). In five cases (9%), a perforation of the DLS 3.7 occurred.

Conclusions

Despite the use of modern DLS 3.7, the early complications after plating of proximal humerus fractures remain high. The potential advantage of the DLS 3.7 regarding secondary screw perforation has to be confirmed by future randomized controlled trials.
Crossing the Black Atlantic
Authors: Grant Nicholas
Published: June 2014

This article traces the travels of the American-based performers Canada Lee and Sidney Poitier to South Africa, alongside the experiences of the African National Congress activists Z. K. and Frieda Bokwe Matthews in the United States. As foreign black actors starring in the 1952 film version of Cry, the Beloved Country, Lee and Poitier found themselves caught up in a project that the National Party believed could be used to present the apartheid regime in a positive light. In New York City at the height of the Defiance Campaign, the Matthews were also exposed to the power of the state as both the US and South African governments attempted to prevent them from publicly criticizing apartheid. Engaging with recent scholarship on the racial politics of the Cold War, the article demonstrates how these prominent black individuals had to overcome major obstacles to make themselves heard on the global stage.
Brazilian Race Relations in the Shadow of Apartheid
Authors: Dávila Jerry
Published: June 2014

This article examines the significance of apartheid in the interpretation and contestation of Brazilian race relations in the twentieth century, tracing an evolution away from a midcentury project by Brazilian intellectuals and politicians who criticized South African apartheid in order to promote a positive national self-definition. The article traces the appropriation of the antiapartheid struggle by Brazil's emerging black civil rights movement in the 1980s and 1990s as a didactic tool for tracing the lines of racial discrimination and inequality in Brazil. The article's focus on Brazilian discourse about apartheid permits an examination of changes in Brazilian racial politics that includes a shift from the denial of the existence of racism (in comparison with South Africa) to a diagnosis of racial discrimination (again aided by comparison with South Africa) and deployment of race-conscious policies to promote inclusion.
The Embryonic State
Authors: Greene Olivia
Published: June 2014

This article argues that the African National Congress's (ANC) Geneva Conventions declaration and Code of Conduct were important precursors to the ANC's constitutional proposals and that they demonstrated an emerging, yet tentative, shift within the ANC toward thinking about rights in terms of human rights. The article situates the ANC's Geneva Conventions declaration and Code of Conduct against the background of internal debates about what constituted a just war and what foundation its days in exile should set for a postapartheid South Africa and the nature of the law that would shape the country. It considers these two moments in light of the organization's efforts to earn support internationally, protect its soldiers from the death penalty, and restrain its armed struggle. The article also addresses the discordances in these actions, namely, the human rights abuses of suspected informants perpetrated by some ANC members.
The Global Antiapartheid Movement
Authors: Limb Peter , Knight Richard , Root Christine
Published: June 2014

This article surveys collections and archives of antiapartheid movements across the globe, covering organizations and activists, and not only print but also image, sound, and film materials. Particular attention is given to archives with a global span. The countries covered have a global sweep across five continents and include archives in South Africa, the United States, Sweden, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Russia, India, and Australasia. International organizations also are included. The state of the art of digitization of such collections is directly addressed and briefly contextualized in terms of important questions on the development and application of primary sources in writing history, as well as recent trends and emerging models of digital repositories as they affect the history of antiapartheid movements. The article will be of considerable practical and theoretical use to scholars of the global antiapartheid movement.
Bandung Is Back
Authors: Menon Dilip M.
Published: June 2014

Contemporary considerations of the Bandung Conference and the vision of Afro-Asian affinity that it raised have been tinged with skepticism. Through the lens of a world defined by the Cold War, with its vision of decolonized people coming together against the West with a spirit of ressentiment, Afro-Asian solidarity means little more for the former colonial powers than a pragmatic politics of a new elite seeking to consolidate itself. Very little historical work has been done to show the emerging network of affinities, ideologies, and institutions that made up the texture of the Afro-Asian world. And, again, the role of the Soviet Union in the decolonized world needs a rethinking outside of the Cold War frame. This review argues that an evaluation of a few works of literature cannot be a substitute for historical research. Arguably, the emerging theoretical challenge from the global South to Western epistemologies builds on the Bandung spirit.
Choosing sides – asymmetric centriole and basal body assembly
Authors: Pearson Chad G.
Published: June 2014

Centrioles and basal bodies (CBBs) are microtubule-rich cylindrical structures that nucleate and organize centrosomes and cilia, respectively. Despite their apparent ninefold rotational symmetry, the nine sets of triplet microtubules in CBBs possess asymmetries in their morphology and in the structures that associate with them. These asymmetries define the position of nascent CBB assembly, the orientation of ciliary beating, the orientation of spindle poles and the maintenance of cellular geometry. For some of these functions, the orientation of CBBs is first established during new CBB biogenesis when the daughter structure is positioned adjacent to the mother. The mother CBB organizes the surrounding environment that nascent CBBs are born into, thereby providing a nest for the new CBB to develop. Protists, including ciliates and algae, highlight the importance of this environment with the formation of asymmetrically placed scaffolds onto which new basal bodies assemble and are positioned. Recent studies illuminate the positioning of nascent centrioles relative to a modular pericentriolar material (PCM) environment and suggest that, like ciliates, centrosomes organize an immediate environment surrounding centrioles for their biogenesis and positioning. In this Commentary, I will explore the positioning of nascent CBB assembly as the first event in building cellular asymmetries and describe how the environment surrounding both basal bodies and centrioles may define asymmetric assembly.
Cyclopentane-condensed Chromones from Marine-derived Fungus Penicillium oxalicum
Authors: Bao Jie , Zhang Xiao-Yong , Dong Jie-jie , Xu Xin-ya , Nong Xu-Hua , Qi Shu-Hua
Published: June 2014

Five new cyclopentane-condensed chromones, coniochaetones G–K (1–5), along with four known compounds—penicillone C (6), penicillanone (7), conioxanthone A (8), and pinselin (9)—were isolated from the crude extract of marine-derived fungus Penicillium oxalicum. The structures of 1–5 were elucidated by NMR, MS, IR, UV, and CD spectra. Metabolites 1–5 were evaluated for cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and antifouling activities.
Theoretical Modeling of Room Shape for Ray Tracing Simulation
Authors: Hoshi Kazuma , Hanyu Toshiki
Published: June 2014

With the recent developments in computer-aided design (CAD) technology, the detailed modeling of shapes has become routine. However, it is well known that low-frequency sounds do not propagate in detail-oriented models of rooms in the way that is predicted by geometrical acoustic simulations. Therefore, rough models of room shapes are commonly used and scattering coefficients are set for each material in this kind of simulation. However, scattering coefficients are difficult to use for creative room shape design, because scattering coefficients need to be measured in advance. Thus, we propose a new method for ray tracing simulations that can be used in place of the scattering coefficient method. This paper presents a discussion of methods for constructing the appropriate room shape for the analyzed frequency from a detail-oriented model of a room.
EDT, C80 and G Driven Auditorium Design
Authors: Echenagucia Tomás Méndez , Sassone Mario , Astolfi Arianna , Shtrepi Louena , van der Harten Arthur
Published: June 2014

Acoustical Indexes as described in ISO3382-11, with their optimal values, are not necessarily positively correlated. Some of them are in fact negatively correlated2. This means that when designers try to shape a room in such a way as to obtain optimal EDT and C80 values for a certain position in the room, they face contrasting objectives. This problem is further complicated by the fact that rooms are designed for multiple listening positions with different distances from the sound source and from reflecting surfaces. The distribution of energy in time and space that is required to obtain optimal acoustical values for all listening positions in a room is a complex problem.

Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms can deal with contrasting design objectives and aid the designer by generating or suggesting a series of solutions that are said to be non-dominated from each other. This set of solutions is called the Pareto front, and can be of valuable information for acoustic consultants and architects early in the design process. This paper presents the use of Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms (MOGAs) for the design of shoebox auditoriums using the EDT, C80 and G indexes as fitness functions to determine the room's main dimensions.
Design-Focused Acoustic Analysis of Curved Geometries Using a Differential Raytracing Technique
Authors: Wulfrank Thomas , Jurkiewicz Yann , Kahle Eckhard
Published: June 2014

Curved surfaces have a major influence on the propagation of sound in rooms. Convex surfaces always lead to attenuated reflections spread out over a larger area, while concave surfaces create either amplification or attenuation of reflections, depending on the source and receiver positions relative to the curved surface. Contemporary architecture often involves extensive use of both convex and concave surfaces. Therefore, acoustic consultants need to be able to quickly gain a thorough understanding of a given curved geometry, and judge to what extent the arising focusing will be either benign or problematic (due to focusing, inhomogeneous sound distribution or flutter echoes).

The advent of NURBS-based 3D software (e.g. Rhino5) has made it possible to carry out very precise geometrical raytracing on curved surfaces, revealing their geometrical coverage. As a further refinement, a differential raytracing technique is proposed, allowing the straightforward calculation of the amplification or attenuation created by a given curved surface. This purely geometrical technique can also be applied to higher order reflections, in order to help identify flutter echo problems created by multiple reflection paths involving concave surfaces.

Practical examples of halls with significant curved geometries will be given to illustrate the use of this approach, including Wigmore Hall, London and Wuxi Grand Theatre.
A New Software Tool to Facilitate NURB Based Geometries in Acoustic Design
Authors: O'Keefe John , Ashtiani Payam , Grant David
Published: June 2014

Non-rational uniform B-splines (NURBs) are liberating acoustic design. Geometrical acoustics is no longer limited to flat surfaces. For decades, curved surfaces in computer models had to be broken down into a series of contiguous flat surfaces; a procedure prone to inaccuracy. With NURBs this is no longer the case. A new software tool has been developed by the authors, called NRAT, intended to facilitate acoustic design in NURB based geometries. Two parameters have been developed to quantify the efficiency of reflectors as they are being designed. They are called Reflector Efficiency (RFE) and Receiver Coverage (RCC). The two are quoted together, much like a blood pressure reading might be. The two parameters are required for reasons that became apparent to the authors as the NRAT tool was being developed. A small reflector, perhaps one that might be part of an array, may have a very high percentage of its surface area effectively casting reflections to the audience (perhaps 85%) but those reflections may only cover a small proportion of the audience area (say, 12%). Conversely, a large reflector, for example the side wall of a shoe box shaped concert hall, may only have a small area casting reflections to the audience – in our experience, in the range of 6%. But this small zone efficiently casts reflections across the expanse of the audience, sometimes as much as 90% or more. The quantification of the two RFE/RCC scenarios presented above would be, respectively, “85 over 12” and “6 over 90”. Two case studies are presented.
Dynamic Assessment of Shear Connectors in Composite Bridges with Ambient Vibration Measurements
Authors: Li Jun , Hao Hong , Zhu Hong-Ping
Published: June 2014

Shear connectors are normally used in composite bridges, such as slab-on-girder structures, to link the slab and girder together. Damage of shear connectors will result in shear slippage between slab and girder, which significantly reduces the load-carrying capacity of the bridge. Routine visual inspection is not able to detect conditions of shear connectors because they are buried inside the structure. This paper proposes a dynamic damage detection approach based on wavelet packet energy of cross-correlation functions from ambient vibration measurements to identify the damage of shear connectors in slab-on-girder bridges. Measured acceleration responses on the slab and corresponding girder locations under ambient vibrations are used to compute the cross-correlation functions. Wavelet packet decompositions of cross-correlation functions from the undamaged and damaged structures are performed and the percentage of wavelet packet energy in selected frequency bandwidths to the total wavelet packet energy is used to calculate the damage index. Numerical and experimental studies on a composite bridge with a concrete slab supported by two steel girders are conducted to validate the proposed approach and investigate its performance and robustness with noisy measured responses. It is demonstrated that the introduced damage of shear connectors can be identified accurately and efficiently.
Performance Testing and Cyclic Behavior of Buckling-Restrained Braces with H Cross Section Unrestrained Segments
Authors: Jia Mingming , Lu Dagang , Sun Lin , Zhang Sumei
Published: June 2014

The hysteretic behavior of four buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) with H cross section unrestrained segment was tested under cyclic load. The transformation of the unrestrained segment's section from crisscross shape to H shape can improve the moment-resistance capacity of unrestrained segment significantly and avoid buckling instability of unrestrained segment effectively due to evident stiffness enhancement. BRBs were designed according to Chinese codes, the load-carrying elements of BRBs were fabricated with Chinese Q235 steel. In the process of experiment, BRBs did not buckle, BRBs could undergo fully-reversed axial yielding cycles without loss of stiffness and strength, the ductility and energy absorption capacity of BRBs are large enough to withstand major earthquake. The resilience model can be simplified to a symmetrical bilinear resilience model. The ratio of width to thickness of inner core has a little influence on the mechanical behavior and energy-dissipation capacity of BRBs. A suggestion for design improvement of BRBs was proposed according to the failure modes of BRBs.
Seismic Behavior of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Filled Steel and Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Tube Columns
Authors: Xiao Jianzhuang , Huang Yijie , Sun Zhihui
Published: June 2014

This paper presents the results of seismic tests on the recycled aggregate concrete filled steel tube (RCFS) and recycled aggregate concrete filled glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) tube (RCFF) columns. The objective of this study is to evaluate the seismic behavior of steel/ GFRP tube in-filled recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) columns. The main parameters in the tests are the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage and the tube material. The results show that both deformation and bearing capacities of RCFF and RCFS columns are greatly improved. The seismic behavior of RCFS columns is better than that of RCFF columns. Research findings also indicate that the energy dissipation capacity and the ductility slightly change with the variation of recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentage, whereas the bond-slip has little effect on the seismic behavior. Besides the experiments, a finite element method (FEM) analysis is also conducted. It is found that the seismic behavior of both RCFS and RCFF columns is decreased with the increase of the axial load ratio.
Calculation Methods for Inter-Story Drifts of Building Structures
Authors: Cai Jian , Bu Guobin , Yang Chun , Chen Qingjun , Zuo Zhiliang
Published: June 2014

The current methods for calculating the inter-story harmful drift are evaluated, and new concepts of the inter-story average shear drift and the inter-story average rotation are proposed in this paper. The definitions and contents of the inter-story harmful and harmless drift are introduced. Four existing methods for calculating the harmful and harmless drift, including the secant method, tangent method, fixing floor method, and generalized shear deformation of region method are revisited, and the advantages as well as shortcomings of these methods are compared. Meanwhile, the misunderstanding in calculating the floor rotation is clarified. The inter-story average shear drift and the inter-story average rotation are proposed. In addition, the relationships among these proposed drifts and the harmful drift are derived, and are examined by the static and dynamic analysis of a simplified structural model. It demonstrates that the proposed drifts are effective in both static as well as dynamic analysis, and can be used for providing more specific information in the structural deformation analysis.
Evaluation of change in color of denim fabric after various industrial washing processes with different fiber composition
Authors: Mangat Mushtaq , Abbasi A. , Wiener Jakub
Published: June 2014

Traditional denim made by using 100% cotton and novel denim made by using cotton in warp and spun PP in the weft were treated in 11 different ways on industrial garment washing machines with the help of various textile auxiliaries and pumice. There is an obvious change in color of denim. This change was measured by using Spectrophotometer. Reflectance was taken as a variable to observe the intensity of change. Color difference was measured by using the CIELab color difference formula 1976. Color space coordinates (L*, a*, b*) and color difference ΔE were calculated between the untreated denim and treated denim.
Nanoprofiles of TiO2 films deposited by PLD using an evanescent light method
Authors: Mirchin N. , Peled A. , Azoulay J. , Duta L. , Dorcioman G. , Popescu A. , Mihailescu I.
Published: June 2014

TiO2 thin films were deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) on glass substrates at 27°C and 100°C. The extraction efficiency of evanescent light from the deposited nanolayers and their thickness profiles in the range of (1-100) nm was evaluated using the Differential Evanescent Light Intensity (DELI) imaging method. This optical microscopy technique is based on capturing the evanescent light emitted by the material layer deposited on the substrate. The results were analyzed and discussed in terms of the effective penetration depth parameter. The effective scattering cross-section of the TiO2 nanometer particles was estimated.
Effect of heat treatments on the residual stresses in a welded joint
Authors: Zaoui M. , Menasri N.
Published: June 2014

The welds are the site of high residual stresses, localized in the vicinity of the weld cracks. Their presence caused many type of damage mode as stress corrosion, fatigue, sudden failure and increasing the temperature of ductile/brittle transition. Residual stresses in restrained welds and weld repairs are very complex. The heat treatment affects the value and distribution of residual stress in the specimen. This peak stress in all three samples occurred not at the toe, but in the middle of the weld bead, where the yield stress is higher. The use of the neutron diffraction (ND) technique for residual stress measurements is described. In addition, studies of macrostructure and hardness were conducted. The results of different tests conclude the influence of heat treatment on Residual stresses in welds.
The influence of thermal treatment conditions on the properties of TiO2 ceramics
Authors: Narkevica Inga , Ozolins Jurijs , Rubenis Kristaps , Kleperis Janis , Locs Janis , Berzina-Cimdina Liga
Published: June 2014

The influence of thermal treatment conditions on titanium dioxide ceramics phase transformation, microstructure, physico-mechanical and electrical properties was studied. TiO2 ceramic was prepared using extrusion technology and thermal treatment in air and subsequent annealing under high vacuum conditions. It has been observed that intense TiO2 ceramic mass sintering occurs over the temperature ranging from 950 °C to 1100 °C. It is accompanied by crystallographic modification change from anatase to rutile. Ceramic sample annealing in vacuum causes formation of nonstoichiometric titanium oxide ceramics and as a result electrical conductivity of the material significantly increases. Using extrusion process relatively dense and mechanically resistant ceramic material can be obtained that can be used in different technological processes.
Coupling remote sensing data and eco-hydrological model to evaluate Non-point source pollution risk for water resource management
Authors: Wang Shudong , Zhang Lifu , Zhang Xia , Li Wanqing , Shuai Tong , Zhu Haitao , Chen Xiaoping
Published: June 2014

Non-point source pollution risk assessment for surface drinking water catchments is an important basis and premise for the scientific management over water environment, while remote sensing technology may timely find the spatial distribution pattern and variation of risk. Coupling the Non-point source model and remote sensing data is a potential method for the water environment risk assessment. The dual Non-point source model independently developed by China is chosen to study its practical applicability in the experimental catchment area of Hebei Yuecheng Reservoir in combination with the remote sensing and GIS data, and to study the spatial distribution pattern of the Non-point source Phosphorus (P) pollution generated by the spatial landuse. The result shows that:(1) the coupled model is well adapted to the catchment area of Hebei Yuecheng Reservoir, and the simulated Non-point source P load is strongly related to the observation data of the hydrologic stations such as Liujiazhuang, Guantai and etc.; (2) The disorderly development of social economy is the main cause of Non-point source pollution, and the farmlands, urban and rural residential areas in the catchment area are the major risk sources of Non-point source pollution; (3) the two assessment units, catchment unit and administration unit, are employed in this study. They are complementary to each other, which is convenient for management because they can reflect not only the P risk distribution but also the specific location of the administration areas within the risk area.
Effects of electrode type on the mechanical properties of weldments of some steel samples produced in Nigeria
Authors: Okediran Bayo , Yawas Danjuma , Samotu Ibraheem , Dagwa I. , Obada David
Published: June 2014

The effects of electrode types on the mechanical properties of weldments produced from three steel samples made locally in Nigeria have been investigated. Oerlikon, Santan, Power Master and Magnum electrode samples were separately used to join Homus, Universal and Spanish steel samples. The chemical compositions of the steel samples, electrodes core and coating were obtained using spectrometer before using them for the research. Mechanical properties of the weldment produced were determined and compared to the unwelded samples. This was done in order to provide information on which combination of steel and electrode type will produce weldment with optimum mechanical properties. Oerlikon electrode produces weldments with optimum tensile strength of 508.25 N/mm2 and impact energy of 152.76J for Homus Steel, it also produced highest tensile strength of 449.92 N/mm2 and impact energy of 103.042J for Spanish Steels while Power Master Electrode produced weldment with highest tensile strength of 482.96N/mm2 and impact energy of 137.033J for Universal Steel. The results show that single electrode type cannot produce weldment with highest properties for all the selected steel samples.
Hierarchical Decomposition Approach for Crude Oil Scheduling: A SINOPEC Case
Authors: Chen Xuan , Huang Simin , Chen Dejing , Zhang Zhihai , Zheng Li , Grossmann Ignacio , Chen Shihui
Published: June 2014

This work addresses the large-scale crude oil scheduling problem of China’s SINOPEC Maoming refinery that imports various types of crude oil from two terminals via bidirectional long-distance pipelines. We use a hierarchical decomposition approach to construct a two-stage model of the refinery operations. In the upper-level model, storage and charging tanks are aggregated to determine the inflows and outflows between the two terminals and the refinery plant. The lower-level submodels solve the detailed loading and unloading operations at storage and charging tanks inside the terminals and the refinery plant. To further improve the computational efficiency, we develop a rule-based tank-selection strategy to obtain a feasible schedule. Although state-of-the-art commercial solvers cannot obtain feasible solutions of the relaxed monolithic mixed-integer linear programming model within a reasonable time, our decomposition heuristic can generate schedules that are more flexible than manually generated schedules. It also provides the refinery with annual estimated cost savings of $30 million.
Aggregate Impact of Different Brand Development Strategies
Authors: Hariharan Vijay Ganesh , Bezawada Ram , Talukdar Debabrata
Published: June 2014

Current branding literature investigates the spillover effects and extension effects due to the introduction of product extensions. However, no study so far has evaluated the aggregate market impact of these effects across different brand development strategies or accounted for the strategic decision to introduce the extension. It is important to examine the above given the significant investments and the high failure rates associated with the introduction of new product extensions. In this study, we develop an analytical framework that derives revenue outcome due to an extension introduction as a function of spillover and extension effects. We empirically estimate the above effects through a Bayesian endogenous switching model that jointly models market shares of the extension and its parent brand along with the strategic decision to introduce the extension and the endogeneity in prices. By using a data set that covers 155 extensions introduced across 20 U.S. geographic markets, we obtain several new generalizable empirical insights. Our results show that spillover effects are higher for brand extensions, whereas line extensions benefit through larger extension effects. We find that vertically differentiating a line extension in terms of increased quality mitigates its negative spillover effects. The addition of a new brand name (i.e., sub-branding) lowers spillover effects for line extensions, whereas it increases the market performance for brand extensions. Our findings provide several strategic implications for manufacturers to successfully introduce and manage product extensions.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1900 .

This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Conflicting Social Codes and Organizations: Hygiene and Authenticity in Consumer Evaluations of Restaurants
Authors: Lehman David W. , Kovács Balázs , Carroll Glenn R.
Published: June 2014

Organization theory highlights the spread of norms of rationality in contemporary life. Yet rationality does not always spread without friction; individuals often act based on other beliefs and norms. We explore this problem in the context of restaurants and diners. We argue that consumers potentially apply either of two social codes when forming value judgments about restaurants: (1) an apparently rational science-based code of hygiene involving compliance with local health regulations or (2) a context-activated code of authenticity involving conformity to cultural norms. We propose that violations of the hygiene code recede in importance when the authenticity code is activated. This claim is supported by empirical analyses of 442,086 online consumer reviews and 52,740 governmental health inspections conducted from 2004 to 2011.

This paper was accepted by Gérard P. Cachon, organizations.
Quantity Premiums and Discounts in Dynamic Pricing
Authors: Levin Yuri , Nediak Mikhail , Bazhanov Andrei
Published: June 2014

We consider a dynamic pricing problem for a monopolistic company selling a perishable product when customer demand is both uncertain and occurs in batches that must be fulfilled as a whole. The seller can price-discriminate between different sized batches by setting different unit prices. The problem is modeled as a stochastic optimal control problem to find an inventory-contingent dynamic pricing policy that maximizes the expected total revenues. We find the optimal pricing policy and prove several monotonicity results. First, we establish stochastic order conditions on the unit willingness-to-pay distributions that determine when quantity discounts or premiums take place for a batch purchase compared to a rapid sequence of purchases with the same total size. Second, we give sufficient conditions for prices to be monotonically decreasing or increasing in inventory. Third, we characterize the conditions for the perceived quantity discounts and premiums that result from comparing unit prices for different batch sizes under a particular inventory level.
ECG of the month
Authors: Regan Clare , Regan Martin
Published: June 2014

Clare Regan and Martin Regan present an ECG for you to analyse
Treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bennett Tina
Published: June 2014

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a multi-factorial heart muscle disease with approximately 25% of identified cases being of a familial nature. Patients may be without symptoms for a number of years and their first presentation may be as a sudden death. Family screening is a key tool in early diagnosis and treatment of familial disease, with mutation analysis being used to enable predictive testing in some cases. Early identification of reduced heart function can be treated with established heart failure medical therapies to slow the progression of the disease. Increasingly, cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is being used to improve heart function in suitable cases and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are used to reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death. Those with severe heart failure may be suitable for a left-ventricular assist device (LVAD) or heart transplantation.
The basic principles of consent
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: June 2014

In the first of a series of articles on the principles of patient consent, Richard Griffith outlines the elements of a real consent and the importance of obtaining consent to the propriety of a cardiac nurse's practice
Changing attitudes to smoking in mental health
Authors: Cope Graham
Published: June 2014

The majority of mental health patients are smokers with a high degree of dependency and suffer premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease. Nicotine and other constituents of tobacco smoke also damages brain tissue and disrupts the balance of neurotransmitters. Despite smoking being widely regarded as an accepted part of mental health treatment many smokers want to quit. The efficacy of proven smoking cessation interventions in people with serious mental illness is largely unknown due to lack of data. The recommended approaches involve combined nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion or varenicline. However, bupropion or varenicline should be used under carefully controlled conditions because of the risk of side effects. The prevailing acceptance of smoking in many mental health settings has grave implications for the implementation of smoke-free policies. Staff and patients should be encouraged to quit smoking to improve general health and to eliminate exposure to secondhand smoke.
Managing generalised anxiety disorder
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: June 2014

Anxiety heightens our awareness of potential threats and produces physiological and mental changes that help us tackle dangers. However, people with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) are abnormally sensitive to potential threats, distorting their views about risks. Most people with GAD recognise that their fears are unrealistic, excessive and inappropriate. Nevertheless, GAD can still compromise work performance, relationships and leisure activities, and worsen outcomes for concurrent physical and psychological diseases. Typically, people with GAD do not seek help for anxiety—so nurses need to remain alert for the condition. Implementing the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's (NICE) approach to GAD management can help improve screening, diagnosis and treatment. A range of evidence-based interventions is effective in the treatment of GAD, including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or applied relaxation. NICE notes that ‘there is no evidence’ that individual high-intensity psychological intervention or drugs is more effective than the other approach. NICE suggests that sertaline should be the first-line drug for GAD followed by other antidepressants if this fails. NICE recommends benzodiazepines only for short-term treatment during crises. Pregabalin, which offers an alternative for people with GAD who cannot tolerate antidepressants, shows similar efficacy to other agents. Remaining alert for GAD's symptoms, offering tailored treatment and sympathetic follow-up and counselling can improve the prospects for people with this often-underestimated, under-recognised and under-treated condition.
Should we change the Mental Health Act 1983 for emergency services?
Authors: Brown Michael
Published: June 2014

Following the government's announcement in March that it would be undertaking a review of sections 135 and 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983, Michael Brown considers whether emergency services should be provided with better tools for attending mental health crises.
Mental health tribunals: the nursing contribution
Authors: Wilding Keith
Published: June 2014

Historically, the treatment of those suffering from a mental disorder has varied and the 20th century saw the development of a system of independent review driven by a ‘patient's rights’ based agenda. The 21st century has seen the development of a review system increasingly based on an overt legal framework, while at the same time seeing the emergence of a ‘public risk’ based agenda. The development of the new system has resulted in the emergence of an increased role for the nursing profession with specific legal guidance in respect of it. The increasing involvement of nurses in supervised community treatment emphasises the need for the nursing profession to analyse its role in participating in community treatment orders and in the mental health tribunal system.
Perceptions of mental health among adolescents in Greece
Authors: Sakellari Evanthia , Sourander Andre , Leino-Kilpi Helena
Published: June 2014

Mental health is a major issue worldwide and people—whether or not they have personal experience with mental health problems—can benefit from mental health education. The aim of this study was to explore adolescents’ perceptions of mental health and to ascertain whether a mental health educational intervention can alter their perceptions. Individual interviews with open-ended questions were conducted and data were subjected to content analysis. A sample of 59 participants (between 13 and 16 years of age) from two Greek secondary schools agreed to participate. The findings demonstrate that adolescents can provide a clear description of mental health and what it entails following the intervention and that their understanding improved. They also acquired a more sophisticated way of thinking about mental health. The findings are encouraging for future research in this area, and highlight the importance of adolescent mental health promotion and the ways it can be implemented in practice.
Caring for patients with ‘dry mouth’
Authors: Jones Rhiannon
Published: June 2014

Dry mouth can lead to ongoing cavities, mouth infections and a number of other physical, social and emotional issues. The dental nurse is in an ideal position to help patients recognise dry mouth symptoms and help sufferers proactively manage their dry mouth condition
Margaret Umeed: The road less travelled
Authors: Umeed Margaret
Published: June 2014

Margaret Umeed, secretary of the Faculty of Travel Medicine, is passionate about creating training opportunities for practice nurses