bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception on Child Rights Protection and Media Performance Among Kuje Internally Displaced Persons' Camp, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Chidozie Felix Chidozie , Oghuvbu Augustine Ejiroghene
Published: October 2019

This essay examines media and child rights protection in Nigeria, using Kuje IDPs Camp in Abuja, FCT as a case study. It argues that the media has important and indispensable roles to play in enabling the promotion of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and Nigeria's Child Rights Act, 2003. The study adopted the qualitative method through interviews and focus group discussions conducted at the Kuje IDPs Camp. Findings suggest that the Nigerian government is not committed to implementing the prescription of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Child Rights Act, thus further jeopardizing the already fractured rights of the of children in IDPs camps in Nigeria. Similarly, the media is not paying attention to the plight of the displaced children. The prescriptions advanced in this study as well as the conclusions reached are relevant for policy makers at the national, regional, and international levels responsible for the rights of the children, especially the Nigerian child.
Dilemma of Child Actors and the Nigerian Video Film Industry
Authors: Sunday Uduakobong , Olatunji Rotimi Williams
Published: October 2019

Demands on the actors include ability to interpret the writer's scripts, memorise the lines, and be at rehearsals anywhere, anytime, and anyhow; obvious dilemma is associated with the involvement of child actors. A child has the right to survival and development, education, leisure, amongst others, which are to be undertaken under the guidance, supervision, and care of parents. If a child actor has a dutiful parent or guardian, effectiveness may be attained in creating a balance between acting and other areas of needs; without a conscientious parent, where the child actor is overwhelmed by the acting environment, his education may suffer even as he can commit himself to the lifestyle of the make-believe world of acting. Drawing from two child actresses in Nigeria, this chapter exemplifies the dilemma of child actors and the challenge it poses to such child rights. It offers suggestions on how the effect of the dilemma could be resolved.
The Significance of Public Goods in Market Failure Debates
Authors: Onder Kubra , Sahin Muhammet
Published: October 2019

Before the emergence of the neoclassical economic approach, the idea that market instabilities are temporary and markets are spontaneously able to reach equilibrium was prevalent. However, with the neoclassical economic thought the idea that market economy alone is far from attaining equilibrium and there is a need for public economy. This is also known as market failure theory. There are many reasons of market failure. One of them is public goods. Public goods are generally regarded as an example of market failure and seen as a problem requiring government intervention. However, when main stream public goods theories are analyzed in-depth, it is seen that there is no agreement on the properties of public goods which may create a reason to the government presentation and public presentation is not approved in general. Therefore, the aim of this study is to make a comparative analysis of the approaches of different economics schools of thought which have contributions to the subject of public goods.
Neoliberalism, Self-Identity, and Consumer Culture in the UAE
Authors: Özoral Başak , Civelekoğlu İlke
Published: October 2019

Over the last half-century, modern societies have been experiencing a drastic social, cultural, and economic transformation. The change in the behaviors and habits of consumers under the strong impact of neoliberalism demonstrates the close relationship between economy and social psychology. Globalized neo-liberalization has become an unavoidable, powerful force that impacts all elements of social, cultural, and economic life and defines people's identities and their consumption preferences. This chapter addresses the link between neoliberalism and consumer behavior, with a focus on non-Western societies. It examines if there is a contradiction between the features of consumer culture and the prevailing domestic culture in these societies. Many scholars associate consumer culture with Western societies, but the authors argue that consumer culture has become a significant phenomenon even in the most religiously conservative, non-Western societies. By taking Dubai in the UAE as the case study, this chapter demonstrates how consumer culture helps redefine culture and self-identity. The chapter concludes by arguing that since individual behavior is not rational, individuals' needs are defined by the dictates of consumer culture across the globe in neoliberal times.
Positive Economics From the Perspective of Kant's Thought
Authors: Kızılkaya Ertuğrul İbrahim
Published: October 2019

Departing from Kant's thought, we could argue that the portrait of homo economicus drawn by positive economics corresponds to a homo phainomenon as a heteronomous person of concrete economic reality. In addition, we could try to show that economics could not get rid of naturalism, materialism, and fatalism, justifying Kant's concerns. We could also emphasize that, while in the beginning the aim of being a positive science to be able to produce synthetic a posteriori propositions, positive economics tried to continue its way by the method of synthetic a priori. Finally, we must also point out the possibility for an autonomous or free homo noumenon to establish an original ethos by setting goals for itself.
An Analysis on Turkey's Urbanization Process in the Context of Urban Development Paradigms
Authors: Kılınç Aygül
Published: October 2019

The ideological, economic, and technological phenomena experienced in the history of the world have surprisingly affected the social order. These phenomena have transformed the social order and have been effective in their reshaping. Since the first quarter of the 20th century, this has led to the emergence of three new paradigms of urban development. The first paradigm includes the period from the Second World War to the end of the 1970s, and this paradigm is defined as the state-based urban development period. The period from the 1980s to the mid-1990s was named as the market-centered urban development period. Last, the period that continued since the mid-1990s was named as the governance period, or the third way.
Challenges of Developing Countries in Imitating Technological Progress
Authors: Maulana Ikbal
Published: October 2019

Technological progress has become an important characteristics of economic progress. The most economically developed nations are also the most technologically advanced ones, that is, the ones that not only make a proper and innovative utilization of technology, but also develop it on their own. Newly developed countries, such as South Korea and China, have economically surpassed many Western countries, because they can catch up and surpass the technological capability of the latter. However, the technological progress of one country cannot be just imitated by another. Technological development is much more than just allocating a large budget for research and development. It involves and transform a heterogeneous network of actors, and hence requires a complex set of institutions and governance that enable the network to upgrade their collective capabilities.
Real Need of the World in Food
Authors: Sapunov Valentin
Published: October 2019

Mankind has minimal areas of agricultural land that produces more food than required to feed the world's population. When allocating forces and assets within the framework of the global policy of investing in agriculture, it can be safely reduced. What is food policy in the 21st century? First of all, it is advisable to increase investments in the study of food opportunities, the development of technology for the collection and processing of aborigine animals and plants in particular territories with a further increase in investments in the methods of biological technology. It is advisable to increase the investments in industrial methods for obtaining food products from animals, plants, microorganisms, in the future – in the course of chemical industrial synthesis. Vernadsky predicted that in the future, mankind will switch to autotrophic nutrition, i.e. artificial synthesis of food from inorganic materials. Biotechnology will gradually reduce the volume of traditional agricultural production.
Current Tendencies in Agricultural Trade and the Roles of Major Actors
Authors: Vassileva Bistra
Published: October 2019

Globalization was signified as a quintessence of the last decade of the century. Its effect on international trade is outstanding because of the interconnectedness of the international markets. The current wave of globalization is driven by major technological breakthroughs in transportation and communication. Major market actors are witnessing lower trade barriers and reduced transaction costs due to numerous technological innovations. The chapter starts with a literature review on global market tendencies and their implications on agricultural trade. The first section begins with a comparative analysis of the agricultural trade flows by globalization waves. The second section describes the major actors in agricultural trade and their global market positions. In the third section, network analysis is used to visualize the connections between the major actors. Their behavioral pattern is presented as well as the key interactions are revealed. The chapter ends with recommendations aimed at the future development of agricultural trade with a focus on global intervention policies.
World Market of Organic Food Products
Authors: Ryumkina Inga , Ryumkin Sergey
Published: October 2019

In the past two decades, the role of international relations in various spheres has increased significantly. The world market for agricultural products is not an exception. Agricultural production is influenced by many factors, including climate, development strategies, and financing of agricultural research centers, among others. The factor of organic production should form both domestic and global markets of agricultural products and food since the health of people and the environment depends on the quality of food products. Therefore, the agrarian policy should primarily focus on the development of markets of organic food. In this chapter, the authors attempt to identify major actors in the world market of organic food products.
Food Security Through Rational Land Management
Authors: Elfimova Yulia , Ivolga Anna , Ryazantsev Ivan
Published: October 2019

Food security is challenged by the growth of the world population, intensification of agricultural production, depletion of scarce agricultural and environmental resources, and the consequent introduction of innovations to farming processes, one of which is land management. In this chapter, the authors discuss the role of innovative aspects and practices of land management in the establishment of food security and the provision of rational, sound, and effective administration of scarce land resources. In the case of Russia and other countries, the authors justify the necessity of rational land management focused on the innovative way of development of agricultural production.
Comparative Analysis of Food Security and Tort Liability Doctrines in Russia and China
Authors: Bogdanov Dmitry , Bogdanova Svetlana
Published: October 2019

Provision of the population with environmentally friendly and safe agricultural products is an important challenge in the developed states. This chapter analyzes the issues of food safety and quality. The indemnification caused by low-quality products stimulates producers to ensure the quality and safety of food resources. The institute of indemnification caused by low-quality agricultural products is analyzed in the chapter. Special attention is paid to the issues of consumer protection in the legislation of Russia and China.
Agricultural Trade and Undernourishment, Nutrition, and Dietary Diversity
Authors: Veber Anna , Leonova Svetlana , Meleshkina Elena , Esmurzaeva Zhanbota , Nikiforova Tamara
Published: October 2019

The results described in this chapter are of the investigation based on the collaborative research of scientists from the three Russian universities (Omsk State Agrarian University, Bashkir State Agrarian University, and Orenburg State University) which started in 2014. The authors assess various indicators of food safety. The study includes physical and chemical properties, technological characteristics, and chemical composition of new elite selection cultivars of pea (“Pisum arvense”, the harvest of 2018, Bashkir Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture) and haricot bean (harvest of 2018, Omsk State Agrarian University). Most of the samples have increased phytochemical capacity and high protein concentration (21.15-22.49% in haricot bean; 19.38-23.75% in pea). The authors demonstrate that these cultivars can be used for the enrichment of foodstuff and the creation of new functional foods.
Integrative Associations and Food Security
Authors: Voronenko Alexander , Greizik Sergei , Tomilov Mikhail
Published: October 2019

This chapter presents the analysis of agricultural regulations in the frames of the World Trade Organization (WTO) along with an overview of control measures in the sphere of food security in bilateral and multilateral trade unions. The main attention is given to the associations in the Asia-Pacific Region (APR). The chapter concludes with an overview of interregional cooperation between Russia and China in the sphere of agriculture and analysis of its impact on food security of the region. Recommendations for improving and establishing food security are made and future research directions are discussed.
Narratives of Sustainability
Authors: Kırmacı Merve
Published: October 2019

Given the unprecedented growth of communication technologies, a wide range of industries from transportation to accommodation has become a part of the sharing economy. The premise to exchange between what is already owned with what is needed has become a way to promote sustainable consumption practices. For many, the sharing economy is an important business strategy because it offers a way to make use of the underutilized assets, services, and talents. However, business problems unveiled the sustainability premise, and organizations had to deal with agent conflict. By analyzing the lawsuit case that is filed against Uber Technologies Incorporated between in 2013, this chapter aims to show how agents' and principals' interests are inconsistent with each other, and how organizations use framing strategies to survive in the digital age.
Sustainable Supply Chain Management Based on Digital Platform
Authors: Nowicka Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

The aim of the chapter is to analyze transport management (mainly planning, but also monitoring and executing) of the international supply chains based on digital platform model. This case study analyzes platform that supports the information sharing on different modes of the transport available mainly within Europe area. It should be underlined that multimodal network accessed by the platform supports both sustainable transport development within the company and its supply chains and meets requirements of digital economy. This subject of analysis is part of the ChemMultimodal project implemented under Interreg Central Europe Programme between 2016 and 2019. The analyses are done on the case of chemical sector supply chain and its ability to response for challenges of sustainability within logistics activities. The developed platform (Intermodal Links) helped supply chains being more sustainable by supporting usage of multimodality and—as a consequence—decreasing CO2 emissions caused by transport by more than 50%.
More Obstacles to the Growth of ESCOs in Turkey
Authors: Okay Esin
Published: October 2019

Sustainable and clean sources of energy is an issue of financial challenges for developing countries. Turkey has a considerable potential for a sustainable and cheap form of energy. As a developing country, Turkey implemented policies to improve renewables and energy efficiency in line with EU requirements. But there is incompetence of policy making and practice in which lack of familiarity with infrastructure investment and financing methods challenge renewable energy utilization in Turkey. The weak rule of law does not help to obtain culture, awareness, and consciousness of energy efficiency in Turkey. The enactment of raising awareness of energy saving projects and companies for reducing costs of energy efficiency should be the first priority of government. Beyond infrastructural problems, the key failure of ESCOs is lack of risk culture and poor risk management. Nowadays, the ongoing economic obstacles enhanced and ESCOs are facing financial distress and corporate debt restructuring which will affect the growth of energy savings in Turkey.
Developments on Sustainable Finance
Authors: Süer Seda
Published: October 2019

Worldwide, the growing impetus towards sustainable finance is aroused by the maturation and the destructive effects of carbon markets in the form of severe weather, floods, and forest fires. It is widely acknowledged that supporting the transition to a low-carbon, green, and sustainable economy needs forefront of efforts to build a financial system. Given the provisions of sustainable finance, the policies that regulate the transition to green economy includes environmental social and corporate governance criteria. Sustainable finance is a type of financing that takes into account environmental, social, and corporate governance issues in providing finance to investors. Therefore, this chapter aims to highlight the importance of sustainable finance providing a growth opportunity to the global economy. Thus, the developments on sustainable finance constitute a strong potential that supports economic growth globally.
State Interventionism in Foreign Trade
Authors: Szymanik Ewa
Published: October 2019

The chapter refers to the literature to show how the state mitigates the effects of market failures in foreign trade through intervention in response to inefficient markets at national and international levels. The research study leads to several conclusions. Firstly, theoretical research focuses on the effects of market inefficiency on the domestic market, apart from the analysis of an international perspective, which implies that in the conditions of globalization there is a need for extended research in an international context. Secondly, state interventions are necessary in creating administrative and legal conditions for facilitating trade exchange in the context of the role of transnational corporations in the global economy, as well as in reducing the adverse impact of international turbulences on the competitiveness of national entities through the use of export supporting instruments.
Decentralization of the Water Industry in the Context of Economies in Transition
Authors: Fanta Michael , Soběhart Radek
Published: October 2019

This research focuses on network industries, specifically on the water industry in the context of the Czech economy in transition between 1992-1998, the state of the water industry towards the end of the 1980s, key legislative changes between 1991-92 that touched upon key administrative questions, and the future ownership of the water network and water market. The Czech Republic chose a specific way to approach the transformation of the water industry by gratuitously transferring the ownership of the previously state-owned infrastructural properties to individual cities and municipalities. The next part outlines the effectiveness of such (de)regulation process based on development of key industry indicators. Very slow development of industry indicators and lack of state financial support for capital investment in water infrastructure led to the subsequent privatization of water companies, which can be considered as a completely rational outcome of unsustainable market developments.
ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems Assessment From the Insurers' Point of View
Authors: Lemkowska Malwina
Published: October 2019

Standardized Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) appeared in the 1990s. They are voluntary tools for managing the relation between the organization and its environment. Multiple analyses indicated the strong external context of EMS. More often than not, the importance of ISO 14001 EMS for the relation between the organization and its insurer has been indicated. The goal of this research is to answer the question how to assess the usefulness of ISO 14001 EMSs adopted by the insured or insurance seeker for the process of environmental insurance products' provision. The structure of the specific measure (checklist) is the result of the analysis. The research is conducted in four steps: (1) analysis of environmental insurance proposal forms for stand-alone products on the Polish market, (2) analysis of the general terms and conditions of the above, (3) review of ISO 14001 requirements, and finally, (4) template analysis of the interview transcript, supported by narrative approach.
Poverty in Bulgaria and Other EU Countries
Authors: Sugareva Marta Zdravkova , Mourgova Mariana Koleva
Published: October 2019

According to Eurostat data, in 2016, one quarter of the population in the European Union is at risk of poverty or social exclusion. Hardest hit are the Balkan countries – Bulgaria, Romania, and Greece. The aim of the chapter is to compare the level of poverty in Bulgaria with that of the other Member States of the European Union. Different indicators of poverty are presented and discussed. A critical analysis is provided for some of the indicators used by the Eurostat and more specifically for their opportunities in comparative analyses.
Social Component of Sustainable Development and Quality of Life
Authors: Ilic Biljana Stojan
Published: October 2019

Sustainability is the basis for survival on Earth, as well as for the survival of mankind. Sustainability is connecting with growing population. Sustainable development implies the merger of the three components in a single unit. The first one is the economic viability, the second includes social sustainability, while the third is linked to environmental sustainability. The social component of development relates to the quality of life of people their habits and lifestyles. This chapter put emphasis on the social component of sustainability in Serbia that includes quality of life but also the index of human development. The results of PEST analysis of the Eastern Serbia will explain factors that affect the implementation of sustainable development in the Balkan region. With PESTEL analysis applied to the eastern part of Serbia, it can be observed a wider picture of social life in other smaller countries of the Balkans with similar economic and social characteristics such as Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Srpska, Macedonia.
Stories of Pain and Hope
Authors: Vasaturo Giulio
Published: October 2019

In this chapter, the subject of mafia violence will be investigated from the victims' perspective. It will also focus on best practices and the national regulations by which government authorities and the civil society at large attempt to assist, support, and offer rehabilitation and resilience to the victims of mafias in Latin America, Central America, Asia, Russia, Africa, and Europe.
Environmental and Corporate Crimes
Authors: Mucchielli Laurent
Published: October 2019

Drawing inspiration from researches on environmental crime and corporate crime, this chapter examines the case of air pollution caused by road transport and industry in France. The purpose of the author is first to document the nature and extent of these health threats to populations and second to highlight the existence of delinquent practices (defined as deliberate violations of legal norms) that sometimes play a major role in perpetuating these threats. The author first examines the issue of pollution caused by automobile engines and returns to “Dieselgate.” It then details the pollution problems observed in the Fos-sur-Mer industrial area in the south of France and its consequences on the health of local populations.
Criminological Treatment of Abusing Partners
Authors: Travaini Guido , Caruso Palmina , Beringheli Enrica , Merzagora Isabella
Published: October 2019

Criminological rehabilitative treatments of abusive partners have always been considered of key importance from a preventive point of view. Criminological research, and our experience as criminologists, has proved that even the most abusive partners—including uxoricides—after their convictions repeat the same violent relationship pattern. That said, the Chair of Criminology (University of Milan) set up the first action and research program in Italy offering treatment for perpetrators of domestic violence, called S.A.Vi.D. (Stop Alla Violenza Domestica – an Italian acronym meaning: Stopping Domestic Violence) in 2010. Information about all the subjects treated will also be described and discussed: age, legal status motives, offender behavior prior to treatment, whether and how behavior changed after treatment.
Community-Based Policing to Prevent and Combat Crime
Authors: Luong Hai Thanh
Published: October 2019

As one of the most populous countries in the Asia area, Vietnam has been continuing to develop and integrate into the region since ‘Renovation Period' in 1986. Alongside several considerable achievements in the field of socio-economic, political, social, and sustainable development, Vietnam is also facing practical challenges in the society, particularly crime. This chapter reviews the overall picture of crime with its related trends and patterns, which will be based on the outcomes of National Program for Prevention and Control Crime of Vietnam, 1998 until 2010. Additionally, the author introduces and analyses the community-based policing's approach, one of the most critical projects in the system of 15 operations of the National Strategy of Preventing and Combating Crime in the period of 2016-2025 and orientations toward 2030, which provide Vietnam's responses with its viewpoints, targets, tasks, and solutions to deal with crime.
Customer Engagement Strategies of China's E-Commerce Industry and Their Impact on China's Economy Transition
Authors: Yu Liguo , Mishra Alok
Published: October 2019

In the past 15 years, China's e-commerce industry has grown tremendously and become the world's largest e-commerce market. This chapter studies some popular e-commerce companies of China, including Alibaba, JD, and Pindoudou. Specifically, the customer engagement strategies of these companies are described and analyzed. This chapter helps readers understand how various customer engagement strategies of China's e-commerce companies have facilitated the change of their consumers' shopping habits—switching from offline shopping centers to online marketplaces and from cash-based payment to credit-based payment. The success of these customer engagement strategies has contributed to the performance improvement of e-commerce companies and could ultimately assist China to transfer from a production economy to a consumption economy. Moreover, these customer engagement strategies developed in China might also be applied to other e-businesses or marketplaces of different regions, especially developing countries that have a similar economy structure as China.
Reaching Your Customers Using Facebook and Google Dynamic Ads
Authors: Semerádová Tereza , Weinlich Petr
Published: October 2019

Dynamic Product Ads (DPAs) and Dynamic Search Ads (DSAs) represent a type of online advertising primarily used for remarketing purposes. However, more and more advertisers can use DPA for acquisition campaigns as well. Dynamic ads are an integral part of the marketing strategies of all large e-shops and companies that have a product or service catalog. Dynamic advertising reduces the time and effort put into the creation of online advertisements and provides the highest level of personalized targeting possible. With a product catalog and a properly set pixel or tracking code, it is possible to create individually customized ads within seconds. This chapter tests the effectiveness of DPAs and DSAs within the context of the two greatest advertising platforms, Facebook and Google ads, and compares their performance against the manually optimized ad sets.
The (In)Effectiveness of In-Stream Video Ads
Authors: Semerádová Tereza , Weinlich Petr
Published: October 2019

Video represents the most shared type of online content. The ability of this media to capture and convey a message in an interactive and informationally rich format has captivated both users and advertisers. Advertising platforms are trying to expand the offer of the tools that would help the advertisers to reach their potential customers. Therefore, many new video-based advertising formats are being introduced including ads with experimental length or dimensions. However, the increasing quantity of online advertisements the users have to face is raising questions about their actual marketing effectiveness. To provide relevant answers, authors examined the performance of 13 types of video ads that were implemented for a 30-day period and that generated 1 155 EUR overall profit. The advertising results are analyzed from three perspectives: financial, behavioral, and reactional. The main emphasis is put on the study of the video effectiveness depending on different viewing contexts with respect to the potential phenomenon of advertising blindness.
Cyberbullying
Authors: Diamanduros Terry , Downs Elizabeth
Published: October 2019

This chapter describes cyberbullying with a focus on K-12 students. Cyberbullying has evolved with the increased use of information and communication technology. As electronic information becomes more a part of everyday life, there has been a negative aspect to the use of computers and mobile technology. Cyberbullying presents a complex set of issues that can negatively impact students' safety and wellbeing. Cyberbullying includes many of the same issues as traditional bullying but extends the aggression beyond the physical schoolyard. In addition to the cyberbully perpetrator, these aggressive acts include cybervictims and often find the cyberbully-victims who move from victim to perpetrator. This chapter explores the safety and ethical issues facing K-12 schools and the challenges associated with this electronic form of aggression.
Cyberbullying Bystanders
Authors: Campbell Marilyn Anne , Whiteford Chrystal , Duncanson Krystle , Spears Barbara , Butler Des , Slee Phillip Thomas
Published: October 2019

Cyberbullying is a relatively new and serious form of bullying with negative social and emotional effects on both victims and perpetrators. Like traditional bullying, cyberbullying is a social phenomenon and often unfolds in the context of a large network of bystanders. This study examined gender and age of cyberbullying bystanders out of 2109 upper primary and secondary school students in Australia. The actions the bystanders took when a peer was cybervictimised were analysed. The results of the study suggested bystanders to cyberbullying were most likely not to do anything or help the person cyberbullied at the time. Girls were more prosocial in helping students who were cyberbullied than boys. In addition, those students who knew someone who was bullied in both ways were more likely to tell their parents and friends about it than those who knew someone who was cyberbullied only. Implications for prevention and intervention in cyberbullying are discussed.
Implication of Cyberbullying on Under-Represented Students in Post-Secondary Education
Authors: Yoon Jiyoon , Koo Katie
Published: October 2019

Cyberbullying is an emerging issue in the context of higher education as information and communication technologies increasingly become part of daily life at universities. This article offers a review of the major literature regarding cyberbullying, its victims and perpetrators, and its implications that impact disadvantaged students in higher education, specifically those who are in lower socio-economic situations. Post-secondary education has been an important pathway to guide students out of poverty by helping them lead successful lives. However, as in higher education, cyberbullying incidents have increased in educational situations, the bullied victims are more likely to report feelings of depression that cause an obstacle to their academic achievements in post-secondary education. The anonymous environments associated in cyberbullying can cause immorality of the cyberbullying perpetrators. To prevent cyberbullying on campus, this article provides cyberbullying rules and policies and suggests specialized treatment and interventions for cyber-bullies as a solution.
Legislative Response to Cyber Aggression
Authors: McNeal Ramona S. , Kunkle Susan M. , Schmeida Mary
Published: October 2019

This chapter presents the federal and state-local legislative response to cyber aggression: stalking, harassment, and bullying. Along with other federal efforts, the federal Violence Against Women Act and its reauthorizations is identified as a cornerstone law in protecting the public on stalking and harassment. State-local laws have advanced in scope; yet, there are laggard states not yet entirely on board in passing legislation aligned with the advancement of technology used in cyber aggression. All three branches of government to some extent have had a voice in today's cyber policy. Judicial court cases have shaped policy decisions and several key cases are presented.
Troll Farm
Authors: Reynard Leslie J.
Published: October 2019

Anonymity can create cowards. Perceptions of mistreatment can create an urge for revenge. And online social media platforms create opportunities to exact vengeance. This chapter provides an overview of online character assassination as it has evolved within a profusion of social media sites offering forums for uncensored airing of opinions. When opinions constitute political speech, they can be life-threatening. When opinions are commercial speech rating character and competence of professionals, digital defamation can threaten livelihood. In commercial arenas, victims often feel helpless to protect their reputations; however, some legal remedies may be available. This essay investigates the nature of abusive communication online, the role anonymity plays in digital attacks, and psychological characteristics associated with trolls and cyber-bullies. Case studies of individuals' efforts to defend themselves from online character assassination illustrate concepts discussed and strategies being used for online reputational self-defense.
Digital Privacy Across Borders
Authors: Robertson Lorayne P. , Leatham Heather , Robertson James , Muirhead Bill
Published: October 2019

This chapter examines digital privacy and key terminology associated with the protection of online personal information across two countries and through an education lens. The authors raise awareness of the identified risks for students as their online presence grows. The authors highlight some of the potential consequences of a lack of awareness of the risks associated with sharing information online. They outline the obligations of multiple parties (from the vendor to the end user) when students use online apps, including the teachers and parents who want to protect students' digital privacy. Employing policy analysis and a comparative approach, they examine federal, national, and local legislation, as well as curriculum responses to this issue in the USA and Canada. When the authors compare federal policy responses from these two countries, they find that they differ in instructive ways. The chapter concludes with a focus on risk abatement, including solutions and recommendations.
Empowering Technology Use to Promote Virtual Violence Prevention in Higher Education Context
Authors: Huda Miftachul , Hehsan Aminudin , Basuki Singgih , Rismayadi Budi , Jasmi Kamarul Azmi , Basiron Bushrah , Mustari Mohd Ismail
Published: October 2019

This chapter aims to explore the pattern to use technology as an attempt to promote virtual violence prevention. A literature review from referred journals and books was conducted. The findings reveal that technology use, in particular an effort to solve the emerging issues of violence promotes the solution with an innovative approach designed in HE. With technology use in attempting violence prevention insights, an innovative way to strengthen technology use wisely with underlying the compassionate skills to promote the preventive action of violent forms is needed. Attempts to promote virtual violence prevention in higher education should be combined with empowering technology use to focus comprehensively on encouraging diverse learners with personal and social awareness in digital interaction. This chapter is expected to contribute in dealing with exploring the systematic approach in nurturing the self-awareness and social concern in digital interaction to be potentially applied in HE.
Design Models for Developing Educational Virtual Reality Environments
Authors: Geris Ali , Özdener Nesrin
Published: October 2019

Virtual reality, although not a new technology, has rapidly increased its popularity in the last few years. As a result, their use in educational environments has been a topic of interest in academic research. One of the first questions asked by education researchers has been, “How can we design an effective virtual reality environment?”, which led to the development of many design models for the preparation of educational virtual reality environments based on various approaches. These design models have been systematically examined in terms of themes and codes within this study, in hopes this chapter may be of importance for guiding researchers who want to design an educational virtual reality environment or create a design model.
Role of Immersive (XR) Technologies in Improving Healthcare Competencies
Authors: Mathew Prabha Susy , Pillai Anitha S.
Published: October 2019

Immersive technology refers to technology that enhances reality by blending the physical environment with virtual content or by completely taking the user to a virtual world far away from reality. Different immersive technologies are augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR). As immersive technology is becoming more affordable, user-friendly, pervasive, and ubiquitous, it's been adopted and embraced by several industries. Though its early adopters were from the gaming industry, now it's explored and used by many other industries such as mining, healthcare, and medicine, retail, education, automotive, manufacturing, etc. Using these technologies, medical professionals can improve their competencies, and they will be able to effectively transfer the skill acquired through simulations to the operation theatre. This chapter focuses on uses, benefits, and adoption challenges of Immersive technologies with specific reference to healthcare training.
Reinventing Museums in 21st Century
Authors: Kargas Antonios , Karitsioti Nikoletta , Loumos Georgios
Published: October 2019

The forthcoming Industry 4.0 is expected to change not only manufacturing and industrial services, but will rearrange how services are offered in a variety of sectors, including museum's services. Museums will inevitably be led to more digital (VR & AR) and promoting (Social Media) paths. A forthcoming “digital convergence” between VR & AR technologies and social media's promoting logic could enlarge museums' potentialities in attracting more visitors, younger visitors, while new patterns for connecting learning effects and amusement should be established. This chapter contributes to the following: • Presenting existing theoretical and empirical research on Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality technological implementation in Museums. • Presenting current tensions on social media's usage from cultural organizations. • Exploring how VR & AR applications can incorporate various elements coming from social media operational logic.
Role of Emotions in Interactive Museums
Authors: Guazzaroni Giuliana
Published: October 2019

Virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly being used by educational institutions and museums worldwide. Visitors of museums and art galleries may live different layers of reality while enjoying works of art augmented with immersive VR. Research points out that this possibility may strongly affect human emotions. Digital technologies may allow forms of hybridization between flesh and technological objects within virtual or real spaces. They are interactive processes that may contribute to the redefinition of the relationship between identity and technology, between technology and body (Mainardi, 2013). Interactive museums and art galleries are real environments amplified, through information systems, which allow a shift between reality, and electronically manipulated immersive experiences. VR is emotionally engaging and a VR scenario may enhance emotional experience (Diemer et al., 2015) or induce an emotional change (Wu et al., 2016). The main purpose of this chapter is to verify how art and VR affect emotions.
An Augmented Reality (AR) Experience for Lorenzo Lotto
Authors: Mori Biancamaria , Gioventù Carlo
Published: October 2019

Virtual interactive experience created for the Picture gallery of Jesi (Italy). Namely, three interactive works realized with Unreal Engine 4 to give the spectator a greater immersiveness on the immortal pictures of Lorenzo Lotto. The goal was achieved by creating three choreographies with audio supervised by a historian, recreation of the works with three-dimensional graphics and a specially composed soundtrack by Tecla Zorzi. The augmented reality (AR) application was realized specifically for Android tablets.
The Science of Individuality and Healthcare Quality
Authors: Moumtzoglou Anastasius S.
Published: October 2019

The application of linear models to human systems and healthcare management and quality has improved our understanding of their system structure and function. However, such models often fall short of explaining experimental results or predicting future abnormalities in complex nonlinear systems which help in dissecting and analyzing individual system components. Nonlinear models may better explain how the individual components collectively act and interact to produce a dynamic system in constant flux. They also assist in filling in some of the results that are not adequately explained by linear models. In this context, we should consider the integration of linear and non-linear theories in healthcare quality and management, drawing the initial conditions of chaotic behavior from the standardization of the linear theory, and distinguishing between desirable and undesirable variation relegating statistical process control only to issues of high certainty regarding the outcome.
Population Health Management, Emerging Technologies, and the Science of the Individual
Authors: Moumtzoglou Anastasius S. , Pouliakis Abraham
Published: October 2019

Population health management (PHM) has been a discipline that studies and facilitates care delivery across a group of individuals or the general population. In the context of PHM, the life science industry has had no motivation to design drugs or devices and even offer treatment of patient management that is only effective for a distinct population segment. The primary outgrowth of the science of individuality, as well as the rising ‘wiki medicine', fully recognizes the uniqueness of the individual. Cloud computing, big data, m-health, and recently, internet of things can offer the resources to deal with numerous shortcomings such as data collection and processing, of the PHM approach, as they facilitate the propagation of the science of individuality.
Machine Learning in Healthcare
Authors: Pitoglou Stavros
Published: October 2019

Machine learning, closely related to artificial intelligence and standing at the intersection of computer science and mathematical statistical theory, comes in handy when the truth is hiding in a place that the human brain has no access to. Given any prediction or assessment problem, the more complicated this issue is, based on the difficulty of the human mind to understand the inherent causalities/patterns and apply conventional methods towards an acceptable solution, machine learning can find a fertile field of application. This chapter's purpose is to give a general non-technical definition of machine learning, provide a review of its latest implementations in the healthcare domain and add to the ongoing discussion on this subject. It suggests the active involvement of entities beyond the already active academic community in the quest for solutions that “exploit” existing datasets and can be applied in the daily practice, embedded inside the software processes that are already in use.
A Model for Determining Process-Wise CTQs for Testing Laboratories
Authors: Sawalakhe Pranil Vijay
Published: October 2019

Ensuring the quality of testing laboratory services plays an important role in the field of service sector. Acknowledging the revolution of Six Sigma (SS) in the corporate world and service sector, testing laboratories can also be benefited by the application of the same. SS focuses on process improvement that is a major determinant of customer satisfaction. CTQ (critical to quality) is a quality characteristic of a product or a service that is required to be improved from a customer's point of view. CTQs are the key measurable indicators of a product or process whose performance standards or specification limits must be met in order to satisfy the customer. The aim of this research is to develop a model for establishing CTQ for testing laboratory. The focus is on establishing process-wise CTQ characteristics from the voice of customer taken from direct and indirect customers associated with testing laboratories. The list of established CTQs will be a useful guide for both practitioners and academics willing to evaluate performance of testing laboratories.
Measuring Financial Literacy of the Housewife to Generate Marketing Strategies
Authors: Eti Serkan , Temizel Ece Nur
Published: October 2019

This chapter evaluates the financial literacy of the housewife by analyzing a survey of a minimum of 204 housewives in Turkey. Findings from the 25 questions of the survey show housewives in Turkey generally have Turkish Lira deposits but also have a low tendency to spend. It was found that the financial literacy of housewives was low. In this context, it will be appropriate to increase this literacy through general education. In this way, housewives will be able to better evaluate their savings and the financial system of the country will work more effectively.
The Effects of Exchange Rate on Export Performance in Tanzania
Authors: Omar Haroub Hamad , Ceylan Nildag Basak , Kapusuzoglu Ayhan
Published: October 2019

The chapter analyzes the effects of exchange rate of Tanzanian shilling on the country's exports performance applying Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) model covering the sample period from 1993:Q1 to 2016:Q4. Cointegration and causality tests are performed to investigate the short- and long-term relationships between the variables to evaluate the financial competition. The results show that; there is no long-term relationship (cointegration) between exchange rates and exports and between foreign demand and exports. Moreover, the results of causality test show no short-term relationship (causality) between exchange rates and exports and between foreign demand and exports. As the findings suggest, the exchange rate level of Tanzanian shilling (in nominal terms) does not statistic-significantly affect the country's exports performance.