bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study to assess the awareness and knowledge about the maternal nutrition and complications encountered by the antenatal mothers in the rural population
Authors: S. Sindhu , D. Vidhya , K. Sivankumar , M. A. Karthiga
Published: May 2017

Background: Nutrition plays a vital role in life. Good nutrition is an important part of leading a healthy lifestyle. A healthy pregnancy diet will promote your baby's growth and development. The purpose of this study was to highlight the knowledge, attitude and practices of pregnant women regarding the healthy diet, psychological support, regular visits, danger signs and complications during pregnancy among mothers who visit our hospital along with different socio demographic factors.Methods: This study was conducted on 350 antenatal women from January 2016 to February 2017 at Tamil Nadu, India. A 24 point- 15 minutes’ questionnaire was designed about the knowledge, attitude and practice about the nutrition, danger signs and complications in pregnancy.Results: Around 98% of women were very clear that nutrition is necessary in pregnancy and 53% of them told that the quantity of food intake should be increased. Major source of knowledge about the nutrition was obtained from the family members (81%). The common danger sign was abdominal pain (61%) followed by bleeding per vaginum (22%). About 77% of mothers had an idea that minimum of 6-10 visit should be there in their antenatal period.Conclusions: This study emphasizes that health professionals should concentrate more in the nutritional values and the antenatal classes should be taken regarding the role of adequate nutrition, constituents and sources of balanced diet and the consequences of over and under nutrition.
An epidemiological study to assess the mental health status of pregnant women in a tertiary care hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Rehman Bilal Ur , Ahmad Javid , Kaul Rauf Ur Rashid , Haque Mohammad Kaleem ul
Published: May 2017

Background: Pregnancy is a major psychological, as well as physiological event; women may find themselves unable to cope with additional demands of pregnancy. Mental illness during pregnancy-whether anxiety, depression or more severe psychiatric disorders-can have a significant negative impact on a mother and her baby. Poor psychological health has been associated with low birth weight, premature birth, perinatal and infant death, postnatal depression, as well as long term behavioural and psychological impacts on the child. Depressive disorders are a common source of disability among women. Mental health problems during pregnancy and postpartum periods are one of the alarming health issue among women. Community-based epidemiological data on antenatal depression from developing countries is scarce. This study was conducted to assess the mental health status of pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of tertiary care hospital, SKIMS, Srinagar (J and K).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted over a period of six months from 1stSeptember 2016 to 28th February 2017 among randomly selected pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of tertiary care hospital, SKIMS, Srinagar. A total of 200 pregnant women formed the study subjects. Data was collected by interviewing the pregnant women using pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using Statistical Programme for the social science (SPSS) version 19.0.Results: Amongst the study population, prevalence of depressive disorder was 26%. The depression was significantly increasing with advancing pregnancy and advancing age. Socio-economic status and depression was associated statistically significant (p=0.024). Women with bad relationship with in laws had significantly more depression compared to those who had good relationship with in laws (P=0.0037). The association between parity and depressive disorder was statistically insignificant(P=0,7144).Conclusions: When we care for mother we care for two live and live without psychological consideration is completely materialistic. A depressive symptom occurs commonly during 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy, drawing attention to a need to screen for depression during antenatal care. Maternal health policies, a priority in developing countries, must integrate maternal depression as a disorder of public health importance. Intervention should target women in the early antenatal period.
Concurrent ruptured endometrioma with appendiceal endometriosis: a case report
Authors: Pipara Priyanka , Banerjee Ramna
Published: May 2017

Endometriosis is an oestrogen dependent inflammatory disease characterised by presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. It affects 15% of female patients in reproductive age. Endometriosis is a very common cause of chronic pelvic pain and subfertility in females. We present a case of a 26-year-old woman with chronic lower abdominal pain on medical management of endometriosis. She presented to us with acute abdominal pain and underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. During surgery, we observed minimal haemoperitoneum with frozen pelvis. The appendix appeared slightly inflamed and an appendicectomy with adhesiolysis was done. The histopathological examination showed endometriosis of appendix. Her postoperative period was uneventful. The patient has been followed up postoperatively and is currently doing well.
Imperforate hymen: the importance of early diagnosis
Authors: Enes Pedro Vieira , Brandão Pedro , Ramôa Paula , Torgal Ana
Published: May 2017

The imperforate hymen is one of the most common obstructive lesions of the female genital system, with a prevalence from 1: 1000 to 1: 10000. Anomalies of the hymen are due to incomplete degeneration of the hymen central portion. It can be diagnosed at physical examination from birth and treated surgically. The most common clinical presentation is cyclic pelvic abdominal pain, urinary retention and hematocolpos. 12-year-old girl, premenarche who appealed to the Emergency department with abdominal pain and bilateral lumbar irradiation, over 2 weeks of evolution. Physical examination showed abdominal tumefaction in the hypogastric region, painful to palpation and under tension. Gynecological examination revealed an imperforate hymen, protruding from the introitus. Rectal ultrasonography performed at the emergency room showed vaginal distension with a hypoechoic content of 16 cm, larger diameter. Surgical hymenectomy was performed as treatment. On the 58th postoperative day, the patient was asymptomatic.The authors present a clinical case of imperforate hymen diagnosed at menarche, an anomaly diagnosed increasingly early due to the earlier physical examination that involves observation of the external genitalia of the new-born and the pre-pubertal child.
Multiple myometrial cysts micmicking multiple fibroid uterus
Authors: Ramesh B. , Ghanti Rachana , Devadiga Veena
Published: May 2017

Adenomyosis is the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in the context of the myometrium, with adjacent smooth muscle hyperplasia. It may be diffuse or cystic. Adenomyotic cysts of the uterus are extremely rare. A 31 years old nulligravida woman presented to our OPD with complaints of severe dysmenorrhea and back pain since 8 months. Transvaginal ultrasound revealed retroverted uterus with diffuse adenomyosis with intramyometrial endometriotic cysts in both cornual areas, both adnexa showing multiple small endometriotic cysts. On Laparoscopy – cystic masses around 5x4cm was found near the cornua and anterior uterine wall, which were excised and diagnosed as adenomyotic cyst on histopathology.
Gut in the Womb
Authors: Gadre Sandhya Subhash
Published: May 2017

Dilatation and curettage is one of the common minor procedures with minimal complications but it can cause major complications like perforation of uterus, which is a surgical emergency and the delay in diagnosis and treatment has deleterious consequences for the mother. We are reporting this case of intestinal evisceration & its strangulation in puerpera after surgical evacuation for retained product of conception. This case is reported as evacuation is a commonly done procedure in puerperium for management of secondary PPH, hence want to emphasize that delay in the diagnosis of complications and management can lead to grave prognosis of the mother.
Partial molar pregnancy associated with a normal appearing foetus: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Singh Sujata , Swain Sasmita , Das Lucy , Das Pravat Chandra
Published: May 2017

Partial molar pregnancy is a rare entity in which there is usually a triploid abnormal foetus associated with a large placenta with cystic changes. The incidence of a normal diploid foetus and a partial molar placenta is extremely rare. Here we report a case of partial molar pregnancy in which a normal appearing foetus with diploid karyotype coexist. In this case a 24yr old primigravida at 20 week 3days gestation presented with 3-4 episodes of vaginal bleeding and generalised swelling of body since one month. On evaluation she was found to have moderate anaemia, proteinuria, raised serum β hcg and USG showed a single live foetus with thickened cystic placenta covering the internal os. After counselling patient was put up for hysterotomy. The product of conception and placenta were sent for histopathology and karyotyping which confirmed partial hydatidiform mole with trisomy 21 foetus. Patient had uneventful post op period and was followed up with serial β hcg measurement which fell to undetectable levels within two months.
A comparative evaluation of conjunctival autograft and intra- operative mitomycin-C in the management of primary pterygium- our experience
Authors: Shet Satish D. , Gupta Piyush S.
Published: May 2017

Background: Surgery is the treatment of choice in the management of primary pterygium. Recurrence following excision is frustrating to both the surgeons and patients alike. India being a tropical country is an ideal home for pterygium.Methods: This study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital. A comparative prospective study was performed in 80 patients presenting with primary pterygium who fulfill inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken for the study for the period from January 2011 to December 2012. They were randomised in two equal groups to undergo primary pterygium surgery with conjunctival autograft and excision of primary pterygium followed by intraoperative use of Mitomycin-C for 3 minutes to study the effectiveness of adjuncts i.e. mitomycin -C and conjunctival autograft in preventing recurrence of pterygium after excision and complications following the procedure. Follow up visits were scheduled for the postoperative days 1, 7, 30 days and 3 and 6 months. mean follow up was for 9 months.Results: No significant intra operative complications were noted except for 2 cases of button holing of the conjunctival graft. Recurrence was noted in 1 case after conjunctival autograft and 1 case in mitomycin C group.Conclusions: The adjuncts in primary pterygium surgery as conjunctival autograft and pterygium excision with mitomycin-C significantly reduces the recurrence rates than bare sclera excision alone.
The use of botulinum toxin in children with chronic constipation
Authors: Eltayeb Almoutaz A. , Ibrahim Nagla H. , Moeen Seham M. , Imam Hala M.
Published: May 2017

Background: Conventional therapy of childhood constipation was based on dietary manipulation, stool softeners and oral laxatives. Although these forms of medications are successful in the majority of cases, still small subgroup of patients may fail to respond to this treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of botulinum toxin in relieving the symptoms of those patients.Methods: This study was conducted on 20 cases with chronic constipation that fail to respond to conventional medical treatment. Cases under went any previous surgical maneuver will be excluded from study. Anal dilatation was started by Higar dilators then small self-retaining anal retractors were introduced and four injections were made into the four quadrants of the anal canal and rectum at the level of IAS (internal anal sphincter).Results: twenty cases were included (14 males and 6 females) with age ranged from 8 months to 6 years. The botulinum injection per patients ranged from 1 to 2 injections. The response rate to this treatment was excellent in 6 cases and good in 12 cases and poor in 2 cases. No systemic or local complications occurred in any patients.Conclusions: botulinum toxin injection could be safe and effective treatment of chronic constipation in infants and children.
A survey of management of appendiceal mass among surgeons: what is best practice?
Authors: Abdelrahman Tamer M. , Mourgi Majed A. , Karam Rehab A. , Alfaar Faris Sharaf , Alosaimi Ayman Mohammed , Alasiri Saif Mohammed
Published: May 2017

Background: An appendix mass is the result of a walled-off perforation of the appendix which localizes, resulting in a mass and it is encountered in up to 7% of patients presenting with acute appendicitis. The management of such problem is controversial. Immediate appendectomy may be technically demanding. Traditionally, management of these patients is conservative followed by interval appendectomy to prevent recurrence. However, the need for interval appendectomy has recently been questioned due to relatively small risk of recurrence. Also, there is still debate on adopting conservative management regarding the recurrence rate, the complication rate of interval appendectomy, and the potential for underlying malignancy. Our aim was to assess the preferred approach and current practice for management of acute appendix mass among surgeons in Al Taif Saudi Arabia.Methods: A questionnaire for the practice of surgeons in dealing with appendicular mass was designed and distributed to 21 consultants and 45 specialists.Results: 14.3% of consultant and 53.3% of specialist practiced the conservative management without routine interval appendectomy. Also, 14.3% and 26.7% of them respectively preferred immediate appendectomy while 71.4% of consultants and 20.0% of specialists did routine interval appendectomy. Most of the surgeons prefer to adopt the open method in immediate appendectomy while laparoscopic approach is the main adopting procedure for interval appendectomy. 57% of consultants stated risk of recurrence as the reason for performing interval appendectomy while, 53.4% of specialists would perform it to out-ruling neoplasm.Conclusions: Surgeons prefer to carry conservative approach with an interval appendectomy in management of appendix mass and laparoscopic approach for interval appendectomy. However immediate appendectomy and conservative management without interval appendectomy was preferred in other studies, which increase the necessity for national guidelines to be considered for management of this clinical condition.
Surprise hanging by the cord
Authors: Rao Smitha S. , Kalburgi E. B.
Published: May 2017

Testicular cancer is curable. Excellent cure rates have been met by standardized treatment. We present a 65-year-old male with irreducible swelling in the right groin. On examination, there was a right inguinoscrotal irreducible tender swelling. USG was suggestive of testicular tumour. Intraoperatively, there was a hard swelling in the groin arising from the cord with enlarged, hard testis. It was excised with a right high orchidectomy and was diagnosed as seminoma testis histopathologically. Histopathology confirmed seminoma testis and the patient was advised chemoradiation. Testicular tumours are a rare presentation at this age. Metastases to the inguinal region are seen in only about 2% of patients with testicular cancer; few have inguinal lymph-node spread and the rest have metastases to the cord. Therefore, high ligation of the spermatic cord is important. Radiotherapy in seminomas of testes have proven excellent results. Testicular tumours with secondary hyrocele can mislead diagnosis. In such cases the metastases would be restricted to local regions than distant metastases. This case is being reported in view of its rarity with review of literature.
CoEnzyme Q10: A new horizon in the treatment of periodontal diseases
Authors: Kadir AKMS , Rabbi AA , Rahman MM
Published: May 2017

Periodontitis is an inflammatory process, initiated by the plaque biofilm that leads to loss of periodontal attachment to the root surface and adjacent alveolar bone and gradually results in tooth loss. Periodontal pathogens can induce reactive oxygen species overproduction and thus may cause collagen and periodontal cell breakdown. Reactive oxygen species and free radicals are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory disorders by increasing oxidative stress at the tissue and cellular level. Oxidative stress arises within tissues when the normal balance between reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant defense is altered and excess of reactive oxygen species and/or a depletion of antioxidants occur. When reactive oxygen species are scavenged by antioxidants, there can be a reduction of collagen degradation. Various forms of antioxidants have been introduced as an approach to fight dental diseases and improve general gingival health. Coenzyme Q10 serves as an intercellular antioxidant and its concentration is increased in the diseased gingiva which effectively suppresses advanced periodontal inflammation. This article focuses on the effect of Coenzyme Q10 on treating periodontal disease.
Evaluation of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, metal ion release induced by metals from orthodontic appliances – An in vivo study
Authors: Shetty Akhil , Abraham Jubin Baby , Nayak US Krishna , Shetty Ashutosh , Mohammed Azhar , Sneha E.
Published: May 2017

Aim: To estimate the concentration of metal ions (Ni, Cr, Fe and Co), cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of buccal mucosal cell in patients being treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients aged between 14-30 years of age were included in the study. Three samples of buccal cells were collected from each orthodontic patient at the following times: T (0) – before insertion of the appliance, T (1) – 3 months after insertion of the appliance, T (2) – 6 months after insertion of the appliance. Metal ion concentration of buccal cells was evaluated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The buccal cells were also evaluated for genotoxicity (DNA damage) and cytotoxicity (cellular viability) using alkaline comet assay and tryphan blue exclusion dye test respectively. Results: It was noted that there was a significant (p<0.001) increase in the metal ion concentrations in the buccal cell sample. The comet assay results showed significant DNA damage in the buccal cells whereas the cellular viability showed a decrease over the study period but the decrease was insignificant. Conclusion: The buccal mucosa cells of patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances over a period of six months showed significant increases in nickel, chromium, iron and cobalt content, with significant DNA damage and insignificant decrease in cellular viability. Further studies should be carried out to evaluate the effects of these changes over the course of the treatment.
Prevalence of first permanent molar caries and streptococcusmutans & lactobacillus level among 6- 7 year old School Children in Qassim province Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aljabr ahAbdulmajeed Abdulrman , Alammar Anas Yousef , Marshud Khalifah Al
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Dental caries is a bacterial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth characterized by demineralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth and the first permanent molar the first victim of getting carious due to its early involvement. Caries has been known that is caused by bacteria fermenting food, producing acids and dissolving tooth mineral. Objective: The first permanent molars are extremely influential dental structures in maxillofacial growth and development, and in the oral health status. Aim: to assess the Prevalence of First Permanent Molar Caries Among 7-year old Children in Al-Qassim Province and its possible relation to the different levels of S. mutans (SM)and Lactobacilli (LB), salivary buffer capacity and salivary Ph. Material & Methods: a cross sectional analytical study design. With a total of 243 children, aged 6-7 year old selected from different schools randomly. Clinical examination of children was conducted to assess dental caries, and saliva was collected to assess S. mutans levels, lactobacilli, salivary PH, and buffering capacity of saliva. Results: Prevalence of carious first permanent molars was high 153 (63%). No statistically significant difference revealed by chi-square test between carious first permanent molars and Ph. A statistical significant difference was found between carious first permanent molars and saliva buffer capacity. Must patients had high buffer capacity. Chi-square test revealed that the relation between caries and SM levels was highly statistically significant at P<0.001 same thing was found in relation with LB. Children with carious first permanent molars tend to have a higher number of SM and LB in saliva than children with sound first permanent molars. Conclusion: The Prevalence of First Permanent Molar Caries Among 7-year old Children in Al-Qassim Province is high. Levels of SM and LB were also higher; this result gives an indication that there is a higher risk for those children to develop more caries in their permanent teeth in the future. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of early intervention and educational programs, which should be implemented even before the FPMs erupt (4- to 5-year-old children).
We Are Woke: A Collaborative Critical Autoethnography of Three “Womxn” of Color Graduate Students in Higher Education
Authors: Ashlee Aeriel A , Zamora Bianca , Karikari Shamika N
Published: May 2017

This critical collaborative autoethnography examines how three “womxn” of color (Asian American, Latina, and African American) graduate students experience and resist intersectional racism and sexism in higher education. The authors reflect on their individual journeys to “wokeness” and share their collective process of cultivating a community of “sista” scholars integral to their wellness, wokeness, and persistence in an oppressive educational system.
On Being an Angry Black Man
Authors: Quaye Stephen John
Published: May 2017

Black men are often seen as problems, threats, and thugs. The mere existence of a Black body is often met with fear. Using autoethnographic mystory, I blend personal stories, poetry, song lyrics, and analysis to subvert the angry Black man mantra and explore the productive use of anger to stimulate change.
Fatores fático-jurídicos obstativos da causalidade jurídica: as interrupções e a inexistência do nexo causal na responsabilidade civil e consumerista – fato da vítima, fato de terceiro e caso fortuito e de força maior
Authors: Frota Pablo Malheiros , Costa José Brito
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo pretende demonstrar o desenho de três institutos jurídicos que podem interromper o nexo causal de forma parcial (caso fortuito ou de força maior concorrentes) ou total (caso fortuito ou de força maior exclusivos), e aqueles que afastam o dever de reparar os danos por um agente de maneira parcial ou total (fato de terceiro e fato da vítima), no âmbito da responsabilização no Direito Privado atual. A densificação desses institutos jurídicos objetiva averiguar se o foco da responsabilidade civil e consumerista é tutelar prioritariamente a vítima ou lesante, a ratificar a necessária passagem para a ideia da responsabilidade por danos. Nesse passo, apresentam-se duas hipóteses: (i) a vigente construção teórico-prática dos institutos acima prioriza a vítima; (ii) a atual construção teórico-prática dos institutos retrocitados não prioriza a vítima. Para tanto, o texto utilizará como marco teórico a ideia de responsabilidade por danos desenvolvida por Pablo Malheiros da Cunha Frota, cujo método escolhido para este artigo mescla a dedução e a indução, tendo como prius afirmações teóricas de caráter geral, aplicáveis em cada caso concreto verificado de maneira dedutiva. Tais elementos, indutivamente, podem reproduzir a necessidade de ressignificação (ou não) dos institutos jurídicos pesquisados em cada situação concreta. A metodologia usada se divide em de procedimento e de abordagem. A primeira utilizará o procedimento monográfico, com a análise de trabalhos relacionados ao assunto. A segunda se baseará em uma linha crítico-metodológica, amparada em uma teoria crítica da realidade que compreende o Direito como problema e como uma complexa rede de linguagens e de sentidos. A conclusão do texto referendou a segunda hipótese acima.
INTERAÇÕES COMPORTAMENTAIS EM ESQUEMA MÚLTIPLO UTILIZANDO O JATO DE AR QUENTE (JAQ) COMO ESTÍMULO PUNIDOR
Authors: Dos Santos Bruna Colombo , Pureza Heloísa Quaresma , De Carvalho Neto Marcus Bentes
Published: May 2017

Interação comportamental é um fenômeno que pode ocorrer em esquemas múltiplos, em que a taxa de respostas em um componente pode mudar em função de alteração do esquema de reforçamento ou de punição no segundo componente. Interações comportamentais podem ocorrer quando há utilização de contingências apetitivas ou aversivas, como punição. Com relação às contingências punitivas, existem dados conflitantes na literatura sobre a produção de contraste ou indução com não humanos, utilizando majoritariamente choque elétrico como estímulo punidor. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se ocorreria algum tipo de interação comportamental em esquemas múltiplos, utilizando o jato de ar quente (JAQ) como estímulo punidor. Dezesseis ratos albinos foram expostos às fases: Pré-Punição, Punição e Pós-Punição. Nas três fases vigorou um esquema múltiplo com dois componentes (claro e escuro). O esquema de reforçamento em vigor em ambos os componentes foi intervalo variável 30s (VI 30) para respostas de pressão à barra, em todas as fases. Na fase punição, o JAQ foi administrado contingente a cada resposta de pressão à barra no componente claro para metade dos sujeitos, e no escuro para a outra metade. Ocorreu indução negativa no componente não punido, para todos os sujeitos, principalmente nas sessões iniciais; ao longo das sessões, ocorreu recuperação na taxa nesse componente para todos os sujeitos, resultando em ocorrência tardia de contraste positivo para três dos sujeitos. A produção de contraste parece estar relacionada ao número de sessões de exposição ao punidor.Palavras-chave: interação comportamental, punição, contraste, indução.
UM RELATO DE CASO NO MÉTODO CIENTÍFICO
Authors: Skinner Burrhus Frederic
Published: May 2017

UM RELATO DE CASO NO MÉTODO CIENTÍFICO
Most Common Potential Determinants of FDI: Review of Literature
Authors: Akhmedov Javohir Jamolovich
Published: May 2017

The aim of this paper is to provide the critical analysis of the potential determinants of FDI. Review of the literature led to the development of research model which provides the most potential determinants of FDI. The importance of FDI is considered to be important for both developed and developing countries. In this regard, the potential determinants of FDI which have been identified as a result of literature review include market size, labour cost and productivity, political risk, infrastructure, economic growth and tax. Nearly all of these variables are reported to have an indecisive relationship with FDI, that is to say, some papers show a positive correlation between variables while other present negative or no relationship at all.
Effects of Service Quality, Price and Promotion on Customers’ Purchase Decision of Traveloka Online Airline Tickets in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Mulya Firdausy Carunia , Idawati Rani
Published: May 2017

The growth of small businesses of airline tickets through online services in Indonesia is very rapid today. However, studies examining factors determining the customers’ purchase decision made towards the online airline tickets established by the small businesses in the country are not available yet, especially those studies published in high-caliber journals. For this reason, this study aims to examine the effects of service quality, airline ticket price and promotion on customers’ purchase decision of online airline ticket provided by the small business so called Traveloka company in Jakarta, Indonesia. The statistical method used to examine the above research question is by applying a multiple linear regression analysis. The model has one dependent variable that is customers’ purchase decision and three independent variables, namely, service quality, airline ticket price and promotion. Data were collected by using questionnaires distributed to 166 respondents of the online airline tickets customers of Traveloka in Jakarta. The statistical program to estimate the model is by using SPSS version 20. The study found that the online airline tickets services by Traveloka have been widely known by the respondents under survey. They also knew the way how Traveloka sells the online airline tickets to them. The study also found that service quality and airline ticket price have positive and significant effects on purchase decision made by the Traveloka’s costumers. However, the promotion variable has no significant effect on costumers’ purchase decision. Therefore, it is a must for Traveloka company to give great attention to improve the service quality and price in making the customers decided to buy the online airline tickets. Otherwise, the Traveloka’s customers will find other online airline tickets services. If this is the case, this condition will further mitigate the business profit that potentially is obtained by the Traveloka company. Thus, much remain to be done by the Traveloka company in order to sustain the value of the company.
Ruchliwość społeczna, nierówności społeczne i „dobre społeczeństwo”
Authors: Drabowicz Tomasz
Published: May 2017

Niniejszy artykuł w sposób krytyczny omawia najnowsze badania na temat ruchliwości społecznej, koncentrując się na wydanej w 2014 r. pracy amerykańskiego ekonomisty Gregory’ego Clarka. Tematyka artykułu wychodzi od omówienia wyników wybranych badań porównawczych nad międzypokoleniowym dziedziczeniem zarobków i wykształcenia, by następnie przedstawić główne założenia teorii Clarka i omówić jego innowacje metodologiczne, zastosowanie których doprowadziło go do sformułowania gruntownej krytyki dotychczas prowadzonych badań nad ruchliwością społeczną. W dalszej części artykułu omówiono wybrane badania nad skutecznością programów mających poprawić osiągnięcia szkolne dzieci pochodzących z rodzin o niskich dochodach oraz nad odziedziczalnością osiągnięć szkolnych. Wyniki tych badań zdają się potwierdzać wnioski Clarka dotyczące uniwersalnie niskiego poziomu ruchliwości społecznej oraz jej odporności na przemiany instytucjonalne. W podsumowaniu zwraca się uwagę na nowy stosunek pomiędzy ruchliwością społeczną a poziomem społecznych nierówności wyłaniający się z omówionych badań oraz na związaną z tym potrzebę zredefiniowania celów egalitarnej polityki społecznej.
Ocena rynku pracy przez uczniów szkół ponadgimnazjalnych
Authors: Motylewicz Lucyna
Published: May 2017

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest ocenie rynku pracy przez uczniów szkół ponad-gimnazjalnych. Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy i przedstawia problem rozbieżności pomiędzy oczekiwaniami ludzi młodych niebędących pracownikami (i niezwiązanych trwale z rynkiem pracy) a oczekiwaniami pracodawców na tle danych opisujących rynek pracy. Jednym ze źródeł wykorzystanych do przedstawienia oceny rynku pracy przez młodych ludzi jest raport Regionalnego Obserwatorium Łódzkiego Rynku Pracy pt. „Świadomość wyboru zawodu wśród uczniów szkół w województwie łódzkim”. Grupę badaną stanowili uczniowie szkół ponadgimnazjalnych. Dane zaczerpnięte z przeprowadzonych badań pozwoliły zaprezentować oczekiwania uczniów względem rynku pracy oraz poznać, jak objęta badaniem grupa respondentów postrzega rynek pracy. Wyniki badań przedstawiono na tle danych o bezrobociu w Polsce i województwie łódzkim ukazujących sytuację młodych ludzi na rynku pracy. Zestawienie takie pokazuje spore rozbieżności. Wiedza o nich może pomóc w rozwiązywaniu aktualnego problemu niedopasowania kwalifikacyjnego osób młodych do wymagań pracodawców.
Ekoinnowacje w gospodarce wodnej
Authors: Bartoszczuk Paweł
Published: May 2017

W artykule omówiona jest definicja i podział ekoinnowacji oraz pokazany przykład ekoinnowacji w gospodarce wodnej w Polsce. Jest to pojęcie nowe i trudne do zdefiniowania, wciąż trwają dyskusje, w jakim stopniu definicja innowacji może być zastosowana do ekoinnowacji. Skutkiem proekologicznych działań jest nie tylko poprawa jakości środowiska, ale równoczesne obniżenie kosztów funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstwa. Na podstawie danych uzyskanych z badań ankietowych oceniono rodzaj wpływu różnych barier na wprowadzenie ekoinnowacji produktowych, procesowych i organizacyjnych.
Medyczna nauka o mleku (γαλακτολογία ἰατρική) zawarta w De medicina Celsusa
Authors: Kokoszko Maciej , Dybała Jolanta
Published: May 2017

Mleko było i jest znaczącym produktem spożywczym w diecie mieszkańców basenu Morza Śródziemnego i dlatego stało się ono przedmiotem zainteresowania medycyny antycznej. Artykuł poświęcony został jednak nie historii tego produktu spożywczego, ale galaktología iatriké (γαλακτολογία ἰατρική), a zatem zespołowi poglądów na rzeczone substancje z punktu widzenia medycyny antycznej, który zawarty został w traktacie De medicina napisanym przez rzymskiego encyklopedystę tworzącego w I w. n.e., którego zwykle identyfikujemy jako Aulusa Korneliusza Celsusa. Podstawową treścią rozważań jest ukazanie poglądów Celsusa w kwestii leczniczej funkcji mleka i produktów mlecznych, więc ich cech dietetycznych i farmakologicznych, a w końcu miejsca w procedurach terapeutycznych opisywanych przez starożytnego encyklopedystę. Autorzy analizują dostępne w dziele informacje także z punktu widzenia historii jedzenia oraz historii ekonomicznej i społecznej. Badacze rozpatrują zagadnienie na szerokim tle historii medycyny w antyku i wczesnym Bizancjum (od IV w. p.n.e. do VII w. n.e.), wykorzystując dane zawarte w De diaeta I–IV, traktatach Dioskurydesa, Rufusa z Efezu, Galena, Orybazjusza, Aecjusza z Amidy oraz Pawła z Egny. Wskazują też na analogiczny zasób wiedzy, który stał się podstawą refleksji Pliniusza Starszego zawartych w jego Historia naturalis. Owo bogactwo informacji interpretowane jest przez nich jako dowód zainteresowania tym zagadnieniem nie tylko w gronie profesjonalnych medyków, lecz także szerokiej publiczności, a dzieło De medicina traktują jako przejaw rozwoju doktryny medycznej.
Szczyt E3 w 1884 roku
Authors: Wiśniewski Edward
Published: May 2017

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Kościół krakowski 1939–1945, red. Łukasz Klimek, Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakowa, Kraków 2014, ss. 264
Authors: Sołga Przemysław
Published: May 2017

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Sprawozdanie z debaty pt. Wokół rocznicy 11 listopada, Łódź, 9 listopada 2016 roku
Authors: Rzepkowski Arkadiusz
Published: May 2017

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Histoenzymic distribution of phosphatases, dehydrogenases and esterases in ileal peyer’s patches of neonatal buffalo calves
Authors: Kapoor Kritima , Singh Opinder
Published: May 2017

The histoenzymic study was conducted on ileum of neonatal buffalo calves (n=15) and their age was estimated by observing their temporary and permanent dentition. Histoenzymic distribution of different enzymes was studied on ileal peyer’s patches of neonatal buffalo calves. Strong activity of AKPase was observed at the dome and capsule of the peyer’s patch lymphoid follicles at this age. However, moderate Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and SDH activity was observed within the ileal lymphoid follicles. A strong activity of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme was observed in the follicles at their periphery and within center of few follicles. Also a strong positive activity of diaphorases was observed in peripheral region of the follicle as fine granular reaction. The activity of enzymes has been discussed with the physiological function of the tissue..
Effects of dietary inclusion of lysolecithin from rice bran oil on performance, serum biochemical profile, organ weights, immune response and nutrient digestibility in broiler chicken
Authors: Raju M.V.L.N. , Chakrabarti P.P. , Rao S.V. Rama , Rao B.V.S.K. , Panda A.K. , Sujatha V. , Reddy J.R.C. , Devi B.L.A. Prabhavathi , Sunder G. Shyam , Prasad R.B.N.
Published: May 2017

The possibility of using lysolecithin from rice bran oil (LL) in the diet of broiler chickens was explored. Lysolecithin was included in diet at graded levels (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 % in diet) and fed to a total of 640 broiler chickens from 0 to 35 d of age. The diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Body weight was higher in the group fed the highest level (3.2 %) of LL. Feed intake was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in the groups fed 1.6 and 3.2 % LL in comparison to control, whereas feed conversion efficiency was significantly (p less than 0.01) improved at the highest level of LL (3.2 %). Serum concentration of protein, total cholesterol and triglycerides as well as slaughter parameters, organ weights, fat deposition in liver and muscle, and SRBC response were not affected. The fat digestibility was significantly (p less than 0.05) improved at the higher levels (1.6 and 3.2 %) of LL in diet. It is concluded that rice bran oil LL could be safely used in broiler chicken diet and at dietary levels of greater than 1.6 % the LL improved the body weight, feed conversion efficiency and fat digestibility in broiler chickens.
Imidacloprid induced oxidative stress and histopathological changes in liver of rats
Authors: Lohiya* Archana , Kumar Vinod , Punia J.S.
Published: May 2017

Imidacloprid was evaluated for its effect on oxidative stress and histopathological changes in liver of Wistar albino rats at two dose levels (19 and 38 mg/kg/day) administered orally for 10, 20 and 30 days. Effects were compared with respective control groups administered with 2% gum acacia (1ml/100g). Different parameters undertaken were liver weight, oxidative stress parameters viz. activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), cytoplasmic and membrane proteins and histopathological changes in liver. Imidacloprid at 38 mg/kg dose significantly increased (p less than 0.05) organ weight and levels of MDA in 20 and 30 days group. There was significant decreased (p less than 0.05) in levels of cytoplasmic and membrane proteins and activities of enzymes SOD and GPx at 38 mg/kg dose administered for 20 and 30 days. GSH levels were decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) at 38 mg/kg dose administered for 30 days. Degenerative changes in hepatocytes were observed at 38 mg/kg dose administered orally for 20 and 30 days.
Screening and evaluation of antioxidant and anticoccidial properties of condensed tannins containing tree leaves of Jammu province
Authors: Zargar Mohd. Aqib , Pathak A. K. , Daing Mohd. Iqbal
Published: May 2017

Five promising tanniferous tree leaves viz. Acacia nilotica, Eugenia jambolana, Ficus religiosa, L. leucocephala and Psidium guajava were selected for in vitro antioxidant and anticoccidial properties against avian Eimeria species. Condensed tannins (CT) extracts of above tree leaves were prepared in 70 % acetone and then freeze dried in lyophilizer. Antioxidant property of lyophilized acetone extract of different CT sources was evaluated by in-vitro methods. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity was significantly higher in P. guajava as compared to other CT sources. However, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in L. leucocephala compared to other CT sources. The CT extract of A. nilotica, E. jambolana, F. religiosa and P. guajava showed significantly (P less than 0.05) higher reducing power than that of L. leucocephala. Sporulation inhibition (%) of Eimeria spp. was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in E. jambolana and P. guajava, followed by A. nilotica, L. leucocephla and least in F. religiosa, while, E. jambolana and P. guajava showed maximum sporulation inhibition activity @ 4 mg/ml. It was concluded that CT extracts of A. nilotica, E. jambolana, F. religiosa, L. leucocephala and P. guajava leaves possess the antioxidant and anti-coccidian property. It may be eco-friendly socioeconomic alternative, natural antioxidant, anti-coccidian agent and/ or natural feed additive for organic meat production.
Antimicrobial activity of recombinant E. coli expressed chicken AvBD-2 and its mRNA expression in Indian native Aseel and Kadaknath chicken breeds
Authors: Kannaki T.R. , Reddy M.R. , Verma P.C.
Published: May 2017

Avian b defensins (AvBD) are antimicrobial peptides that play a crucial role in the innate immune response in chickens. In the present study, chicken AvBD2 gene was cloned, expressed in E. coli system and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of recombinant peptide was evaluated. The entire mature peptide region of chicken AvBD2 region was amplified and cloned in pUC29 cloning vector. Further, the coding region was sub cloned in pET-28A expression vector. After transformation in E. coli cells, the peptide synthesis was induced and recombinant protein (7.7 kDa) was purified by using Ni-NTA affinity column. The recombinant chicken AvBD2 showed antibacterial activity against S. Pullorum. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of recombinant chicken AvBD2 evaluated by micro-broth dilution assay was 35 µg/ ml. We also quantified the expression of AvBD2 transcript expression in day-old spleen tissue of Indian native chicken breeds (Aseel and Kadaknath) and White Leghorn. Measurable AvBD2 mRNA expression was found in the spleen of all three breeds. However, no significant difference was found in AvBD2 gene expression between native chickens and White Leghorn.
Anaesthetic evaluation of lignocaine alone and in-combination with butorphanol in goats
Authors: Sharma Arvind Kumar , Turi Dayanand , Gupta Madhurendu Kumar , Roy Birendra Kumar
Published: May 2017

The objective of study was to assess the quality of analgesia and record the alteration in anaesthetic indices following lumbosacral administration of lignocaine alone @ 4 mg/kg body weight in group I and its combination with butorphanol@ 0.04 mgkg body weight in group II. Onset of analgesia in both groups was evident at 5 min and reached to peak level at 15 minutes of observation. The incoordination and sedation was more marked in butorphanol groups as compared to lignocaine groups. The onset of analgesia was delayed in group II as compared to group I, whereas, duration of analgesia and standing time was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in group II as compared to group I. Time to recumbency did not revealed significant variation between groups. It is concluded that lignocaine alone and in-combination produced satisfactory onset of analgesia but it remained longer time in lignocaine – butorphanol group (group II) with respect to duration of analgesia and time to standing. However, this combination also showed the marked sedation and incoordination. Hence, butorphanol in combination with lignocaine was considered better for producing analgesia for longer duration operative procedure.
Seasonal histopathological alterations caused by Adenoscolex oreini in Schizothorax niger of Kashmir valley
Authors: Wali Asifa , Balkhi Masood-ul Hassan , Maqbool Rafia , Darzi M. M. , Bhat Farooz A. , Shaha Feroz A.
Published: May 2017

Fishes infected with Adenoscolex oreini appeared anemic and the abdomen viscera appeared red on opening the abdomen and the abdominal fluid was tinged red. On opening the intestine necrotic debris was present on the surface and numerous parasites were pesent. The histopathological alterations observed in the intestine of fish were (severe degenerative and necrotic changes in the intestinal mucosa as well as edema between submucosa and mucosa). In parasitized Schizothorax niger, hyperplasia of intestinal mucous cells and enhanced mucus secretion were also noticed. Cestode bodies were covered with an adherent mucus blanket. The analysis of the seasonal variation on the histological parameters leads to the conclusion that the distribution or the severity of the lesions observed in the these organs were not related to the seasons. Such information confirms that histopathological alterations are good biomarkers for field assessment, in particular in tropical areas that are naturally subject to a multiplicity of environmental variations. It must be emphasized that histopathology is able to evaluate the early effects and the responses to acute exposure to parasitic infections and chemical stressors.
Morphological and cytological differentiation of goat spleen (Capra hircus)
Authors: Gupta Varsha , Farooqui M. M. , Prakash Ajay , . Archana , Kumar Prabhakar
Published: May 2017

Development of goat spleen at various stages of gestation was studied. Primordium of spleen was observed on 46th day of gestation in close proximity to the developing rumen. All the parameters viz. length, width, thickness and weight were increased with advancement of age. Differentiating capsule and trabeculae were noticed on 69th day and 102th days of gestation, respectively. Reticular, collagen and elastic fibers were noticed at 60, 55 and 124 days of gestation, respectively. Red and white pulp was not fully differentiated till term.
Prenatal development of rectal patch in large intestine of goats
Authors: Indu V. R. , Lucy K. M. , Ashok N. , Maya S.
Published: May 2017

Prenatal development of rectal patch was studied in 30 goat fetuses ranging from 1.4 cm CRL (24 days of gestation) to 38.0 cm CRI (Crown ramp length). Rectal patch first appeared in goat foetuses by 60 days of gestational age as a continuous band of small to medium–sized lymphocytes in the lamina propria of rectum. During fourth month of gestation, the primordia differentiated into large lymphoid nodules which had an oval basal portion and a pyramidal apical portion, which formed a dome-like structure within the intestinal ridges below the surface epithelium and was surrounded by an irregular capsule. During fifth month, an increase in the number and size of the lymphoid nodules and primordial dome region was noticed. The lymphoid nodules were histologically mature with a prominent germinal center, its corona, a wide dome area and an internodular area with few high endothelial venules. The rectal patch was histologically mature at birth with both primary and secondary nodules in it.
The meat quality attributes and nutritional composition of three way synthetic pigs meat as influenced by age at slaughter
Authors: Ilavarasan R. , Abraham Robinson J.J.
Published: May 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate influence of age on the meat quality attributes and nutritional composition of three way synthetic pig (25% Large White Yorkshire x 25% Landrace x 50% Duroc). The meat quality attributes and nutritional composition of two different age groups (six months and one year) were studied. The results obtained in this study indicated that the meat of young pigs had higher water holding capacity, Lightness (L*), moisture, essential amino acids, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ecosapentaenoic acid, docosohexanoic acid, total poly unsaturated fatty acids (P less than 0.01), total unsaturated fatty acids, poly unsaturated/ saturated fatty acids P/S ratio (P less than 0.01) and lesser fibre diameter (P less than 0.01), myofibrillar fragmentation index (P less than 0.01), fat (P less than 0.01), total saturated fatty acids and cholesterol content (P less than 0.01) than adult. Based on the results it was concluded that meat of young animals (six months) had superior meat quality than the meat of adult animals (one year).