bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Powered Two-Wheeler with Integrated Safety Using Recurdyn Multi-Body Dynamics
Authors: Ramnath B. Vijaya , Venkataraman K. , Venkatram Selvaraj , Thomas Sohil , Maheshwaran Muthukumarasamy , Dinesh N.
Published: July 2014

- Powered Two Wheelers (PTW) are very sensitive to environmental conditions and advancement in two-wheeler safety has not kept pace with the advancement in two-wheelers. The objective of our research is to bring about an improved design for powered two wheelers, analyzing the changes through simulation and thereby improving the safety considerations. According to the databases referred regarding accidents in depth study, it is observed that two-wheelers top the chart in number of accidents by a big margin and these accidents causes more fatal injuries. To save the rider, this paper proposes to constraint the rider along with pillion to the vehicle using “Leg holding device“ and seat belt. Side airbags are employed to absorb the impact of accident. The present safety system saves the rider in frontal collisions, while this research also focuses on side collisions. ISO 13232 standard accident scenarios were followed. For simulation of scenarios multi body dynamics software called RecurDyn is used. The improvement in employing safety measures is compared with its absence and results are plotted.
Pulmonary Acoustic Signal Classification Using Autoregressive Coefficients and k-Nearest Neighbor
Authors: Rajkumar Palaniappan  , Sundaraj Kenneth , Sundaraj Sebastian , Huliraj N. , Revadi S.S. , Archana B.
Published: July 2014

— Pulmonary acoustic signals provide important information of the condition of the respiratory system. It can be used to assist medical professionals as an alternative diagnosis tool. In this paper, we intend to discriminate between normal (without any pathological condition), Airway Obstruction (AO) pathology and Interstitial lung disease (ILD) pathology using pulmonary acoustic signals. The proposed method filters the heart sounds and other artifacts using a butterworth bandpass filter and windowed to 256 samples per segment. The autoregressive coefficients (AR coefficients) were extracted as features from the pulmonary acoustic signals. The extracted features are distinguished using k-nearest neighbor (k-nn) classifier. The classifier performance is analysed by using confusion matrix technique. A mean classification accuracy of 96.12% was reported for the proposed method. The performance analysis of the knn classifier using confusion matrix revealed that normal, AO and ILD pathology are classified at 94.36%, 95.18% and 94.68% classification accuracy respectively. The analysis reveals that the proposed method performs better in distinguishing between the normal, AO and ILD.Keywords—Respiratorysound,ARcoefficients,k-nearestneighbor,confusionmatrix
Effective Performance of an User Friendly Dynamic Tool Design in Small and Medium Scale Enterprises
Authors: Varun Kumar T. , Ganeshbabu B. , Saravanan M.
Published: July 2014

This research addresses the implementations of agile philosophy in SME’s to increase the production flow rate. Every Small manufacturing industry has put in continuous efforts for its survival in the current volatile economy. In order to face the situation, industries are trying to implement new and efficient techniques in their manufacturing operations. In this research, a systematic approach of developing a user friendly dynamic tool for cycle time reduction and to improve the production flow rate. These effective tools mainly focus on reducing the non-value adding activities, queue time and delays. Here, we selected a medium scale pump industry for our research work and the various process times for manufacturing a mono block pump were obtained from a pump manufacturing industry. The result shows that the implementations of agile manufacturing concepts to the small scale pump manufacturing industry for increasing the production time and profit level.
Design of Electromechanical Engine for Zero Direct Emission
Authors: Rajesh M. , Jancirani Jeyaraj , Aishwarya V.
Published: July 2014

Demand for fossil fuel is ever increasing and there is no guarantee for its availability for the future. As a solution for the problem a fuel–less engine, electromechanical engine is proposed. This engine works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The electrical input to the engine is supplied by a battery, which can be charged conventionally or non-conventionally. The scale model of the proposed design is tested and was found to be promising.
Reducing UT Rejections in Cr-Mo and High Mn Steels by Controlling Hydrogen and Optimising Superheat
Authors: Ravichandar D. , Balusamy Thangavel , Nagashanmugam K. Bommannan
Published: July 2014

JSW Steel Limited, Salem Works (JSWSL), is an integrated steel plant, having a production capacity of 1.0 mtpa (million tons per annum) of high-grade automotive special steels. At JSWSL, hydrogen induced cracks and center unsoundness contribute more to UT (Ultrasonic testing) rejections in chrome-molybdenum (Cr-Mo) and high manganese grade steels. Hydrogen induced cracks was controlled by increasing argon flow rate from 3-4 Nm3 to 7-9 Nm3 during vacuum degassing. Vigorous purging led to a reduction in hydrogen levels from around 2 ppm (parts per million) to less than 1.5 ppm. Center unsoundness was controlled through optimising superheats in tundish. Data of trial heats revealed that, UT rejections were more in heats cast with superheat levels more than 35°C. Based on the data obtained from trial heats superheat was optimised to 25-35°C for both Cr-Mo and high manganese steels. The present paper discusses the measures taken to reduce UT rejections in these grades.KeywordsJSWSL, Cr-Mo, High Mn steels, UT rejections, superheat, hydrogen induced cracks, center unsoundness, vacuum degassing, continuous casting.
Multi Objective Optimization for Spur Gear Design Using Sheep Flocks Heredity Model Algorithm
Authors: Arulmozhi P. , Chandrasekaran M. , Padmanabhan S.
Published: July 2014

In a perspective of stable industrial development to manufacture added consistent and economical industrial product, gears are ever more focus to requirements in terms of power capability, efficiency and compactness etc. In order to increase the performance factors of gears such as transmission capacity, efficiency, gear life, etc. is a difficult criteria for a design engineers as these are all progress in a conflicting behavior. This paper deals with the multi-objective optimization of spur gear drive design with two contradictory objective functions such as maximization of power transmission and minimization of volume of the gear drive. These objectives are approached by an optimization technique based on a Sheep Flocks Heredity Model Algorithm (SFHM) with design constraints like stress, center distance etc. A spur gear problem is solved with traditional trial method and results are compared with proposed algorithm.
Effect of Surface Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Banana-Glass Fibre Hybrid Composites
Authors: Santhanam V. , Chandrasekaran M.
Published: July 2014

Natural fibre reinforced composites have attracted the attention of research community mainly because they are turning out to be an alternative to synthetic fibre. Various natural fibres such as jute, sisal, palm, coir and banana are used as reinforcements. In this paper, banana fibres and glass fibres have been used as reinforcement. Hybrid epoxy polymer composite was fabricated using chopped banana/glass fibre and the effect of alkali treatment was also studied. It is found that the alkali treatment improved the mechanical properties of the composite.
Advanced Product Configuration in Manufacturing Using Enterprise Resource Planning Variant Configuration with Optimization in Manufacturing and Assembly Processes
Authors: Ram Babu D. , Lenin A. , Bhaskar G.B.
Published: July 2014

. Variant Configuration is one of the advanced functions of the System Application and Product in data processing (SAP) business process solutions. Many enterprises, particularly from the complex production industry, can be benefited from the use of Variant Configuration. This paper demonstrates on how a product configuration is performed for a complex variable product using SAP variant configuration. The automotive pump manufacturing was as complex configurable product that involves different variants of the product. This artifact also explains on how we leverage the SAP Variant configuration functionality and achieving complex variant pump configuration with simplified solution.
Analytical Study on Elastic Limit Speed of Non-Uniform Rotating Disks Considering Thermal Effect on Elasticity Modulus
Authors: Nayak Priyambada , Saha Kashi Nath
Published: July 2014

This study concerns the analysis of thermoelastic characteristics of non-uniform rotating disks subjected to thermal load including the effect of inertia force due to rotation of the disk. The solutions up to the elastic limit yield stress of the material are obtained under plane stress assumption by taking variation on total potential energy. The solution algorithm is implemented with the help of MATLAB computational simulation software. The analysis is carried out for various disk geometries and temperature distribution profiles. The effect of temperature on elasticity modulus is also investigated and some numerical results are presented and discussed in the form of limit angular speed under thermo-mechanical loading and reported in dimensionless form.
Blade Stresses and CFD Analysis of Axial Gas Turbine
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Patel Keshar , Rathod Vikram P.
Published: July 2014

This work deals with study, investigation, design and analysis structure of 5 stages axial flow gas turbine with AxSTREAM software suite. AxSTREAM turbomachinery suite, with few boundary conditions generating solutions precisely and very fast in preliminary design with ideal point. For that point including losses design the streamline flow path and converging results of CFD analysis and visualization the thermodynamic parameters. Stress and FEM analysis of a single stage and study of von mises stresses distribution. Static and vibration analysis of turbine blade with difference frequency and temperature. Natural frequency, rotor speed study with operating speed and vibration mode with Campbell diagram.
Computational Analysis of Fighter Aircraft Wing under Mach Number 0.7 for Small Sweep Angles
Authors: Srinivas G. , Potti Srinivasa Rao
Published: July 2014

Fighter aircraft wings are the leading lift generating components for any aerospace vehicle. The recital of any flying vehicle largely depends on its wing design. Missiles and the fighter aircrafts which are having propulsion system mostly have fins to control and maneuver. In this present paper work an attempt has been made to design a fighter aircraft wing configuration which will be used in some air launched air to surface guided weapons fighter aircraft. The main focus of this paper agreement in determining the Sweep-back effects on fighter aircraft wing under transonic condition at different angles of attack (AoA) from 0 to 5 degrees. For this the fighter aircraft wing performance for various flow conditions and sweep angles are obtained based on the empirical, semi-empirical and CFD simulation results. Hence by studying these computational results would help in the optimizing geometry for better performance, an finest wing design for the air launched air to surface body with conservative wing can be obtained.
Dynamic Deflection of a Cantilever Beam Carrying Moving Mass
Authors: Jena Shakti P. , Parhi D.R.
Published: July 2014

In the present work, the dynamic deflection of a cantilever beam subjected to moving mass has been investigated theoretically and numerically. The mass is moved by an external force. The effects of mass magnitude and the speed of the moving mass on the response of the beam structure have been investigated. Using continuum mechanics the differential equation for the systems have been developed and solved by fourth order Runge-Kutta method with different boundary conditions. Numerical analysis has been carried out with different examples to describe the response of the beam structure.
Effect of Punch Profile Radius on Springback in V-Bending of Tailor Welded Blanks Welded in Transverse Direction
Authors: Gautam Vijay , Ravi Kumar Digavalli , Shukla Ashish K.
Published: July 2014

Tailor welded blank (TWB) is an advancement in the field of sheet metal forming in which multiple blanks are welded together to create a single blank prior to forming process. Springback behaviour of TWBs in bending is complex due to thickness or material combination. In this research, the effect of punch profile radius on the springback of transversely welded strips has been investigated in V-bending operation with included bend angle of 90° and using punches with three different punch profile radii of 7.5, 10and 12.5 mm. TWBs were prepared by laser welding of interstitial-free steel blanks with a thickness combination of 0.6 and 1.2mm. The Tensile properties of parent materials and tailored blanks were evaluated by Tension test as per ASTM-E8M standard. The bend samples with transverse weld line were prepared to a size of 20X150mm to ensure plane strain bending. Finite element (FE) simulations were performed using Abaqus and were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
Effect of Shape Imperfections on Thin-Walled Pipe Bends under Out-Of-Plane Moment and Internal Pressure
Authors: Buckshumiyan A. , Veerappan A.R. , Shanmugam Subramaniam
Published: July 2014

This paper quantifies the effect of ovality and thinning/thickening of thin-wall pipe bend modeled using the geometric parameters of r/t=15 and 20 and λ=0.1 to 0.3. For each model the ovality and thinning is varied from 5% to 20 % in steps of 5 % .The collapse loads were obtained from twice-elastic-slope method of pipe bends subjected to out-of-plane moment with and without internal pressure. Large displacement analysis was performed on elastic-perfectly plastic material using the nonlinear FE package of ABAQUS. The analyzed shows that the thinning effect is insignificant and ovality produce the significant effect of upto 27.7% decrease in collapse load for pipe bend subjected to combined moment and internal pressure.
Influence of Applied Misalignment on the Balanced High Speed Flexible Coupling of Fighter Aircraft
Authors: Nagesh S. , Basha A.M. Junaid , Singh G. Thakur Dinesh
Published: July 2014

The fighter aircraft transmission system consists of a light weight, High Speed Flexible Coupling (HSFC), used to transmit power from engine gear box to accessory gear box at speed ranging from 10,000 to 18,000 rpm. The HSFC accommodates larger parallel and axial misalignment resulting from differential thermal expansion of the aircraft engine and mounting arrangement. As the HSFC operates at higher rotational speeds close to critical velocities, it is important to analyze, the unbalance exciting forces considering the misalignment. In the present work, prediction of critical speed by camp bell diagram and unbalance response of the HSFC has been carried out using FEA. An experimental investigation also been carried out to study the influence of applied misalignment on a bi-plane dynamically balanced HSFC. The study shows that lower reaction forces are transmitted to HSFC end supports with the applied misalignments, as they are accommodated by the elastic material flexure of flexible plates.
Minimization of Transient Temperature Fluctuations in High Speed Spindle Bearing
Authors: Prabhu Raja Venugopal , Pandian P. Pal , Venkata Krishna Devara , Moorthy R. Sathiya
Published: July 2014

The performance of a high speed spindle is mainly attributed to the thermal behavior of spindle bearings. Hence, it is very significant to simulate the thermal behavior of spindle bearings. Finite element analysis is carried out for a typical high speed spindle by considering bearing and motor heat generation under various loading conditions to investigate the transient temperature rise of the spindle assembly. The influence of different cooling arrangements on the thermal behaviour of spindle bearings is then investigated with the objective of minimization of transient temperature fluctuations.
Progressive Failure Analysis of Laminated Composite Plate by Using Higher Order Shear Deformation Theory
Authors: Gadade Appaso M. , Lal Achchhe , Singh Bhairu N.
Published: July 2014

A finite element analysis procedure is developed for progressive failure analysis of laminated composite plates under in plane tensile loading. A finite element model is based on higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) with seven degrees of freedom. The degradation technique used for degradation of material properties of a failed ply is a ply discounting approach. The mode dependant Hashin and Lee failure criterion is used for the progressive failure analysis. The results of first ply failure load and last ply failure load are obtained for different stacking sequence of composite plate. The results shows that a considerable amount of strength remains un utilized in composite laminates after first ply failure of laminates.
Static Analysis of Automotive Steering Knuckle
Authors: Madhusudhanan S. , Rajendran I. , Prabu K.
Published: July 2014

Steering knuckle is one of the critical components for a four wheel vehicle which links suspension, steering system, wheel hub and brake to the chassis. While undergoing varying loads subjected to different conditions, it doesn’t affect vehicle steering performance and other desired vehicle characteristics. The static strength test for steering knuckle is necessary to validate the component according to the application. Here, the steering arm static analysis of steering knuckle was done by using finite element analysis (FEA software) and experimental testing by using hydraulic actuators and fixtures. The result from the virtual Analysis and Experimental analysis has been compared and validated for the SG Iron Steering knuckle.
Structural Analysis and Mobility Test of Fourteen Links Kinematic Chain Using Graph Theory
Authors: Gulia Preeti , Singh V.P.
Published: July 2014

The present work is focused on the graph theory which is used for structural analysis of kinematic chain and identification of degree of freedom. A method based on graph theory is proposed in this paper to solve structural problems by using a suitable example of fourteen links kinematic chain. Purpose of this paper is to give an easy and reliable method for structural analysis of fourteen links kinematic chain. Here, a simple incidence matrix is used to represent the kinematic chain. The proposed method is applied for determining the characteristic polynomial equation of fourteen links kinematic chain. An algebraic test based on graph theory is also used for identifying degree of freedom of kinematic chain whether it is total, partial or fractionated degree of freedom.
Study on the Effect of Strain Rate and Temperature on Mechanicalproperties of Nitinol
Authors: Sinha Sarmita , Pramanik Prabir Chandra , Begam Howa , Chanda Abhijit
Published: July 2014

The successful use of Nickel-Titanium (Nitinol) in biomedical applications requires an accurate control of its unique mechanical properties. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of a wide range of heat treatments on the mechanical behaviour of Nitinol. We have taken two different grades of Nitinol with different heat treatment history and surface characteristics. The sample with protective oxide coating showed higher elastic strain with comparatively large hysteresis.
Stability and Drag Analysis of Wheeled Amphibious Vehicle Using CFD and Model Testing Techniques
Authors: More R. R. , Adhav Piyush , Senthilkumar K. , Trikande M.W.
Published: July 2014

Amphibious design of combat vehicle has become a challenging task in the context of increase in Gross Vehicle weight (GVW) of present generation combat vehicles due to demand for high protection levels and higher capacity engine and transmission, incorporation of multiple weapon systems, increased ammunition storage and larger addition of electrical and electronic items. Development of combat vehicles is complex and very expensive, and normally limited with less number of prototypes. The scale modeling and CFD analysis offers a viable solution to accomplish the amphibian design of a combat vehicle with adequate confidence before manufacturing the actual prototype. In the present work, an approach involving experimental towing test using scaled model and CFD simulation has been used to carry out the amphibious design of an 8X8, wheeled, combat vehicle with GVW of 22 ton. In this work, a 1/5th scaled model of the vehicle was manufactured and tested in the towing tank at different test speeds for drag and stability analysis. CFD analysis was carried out on the full scale model to gain adequate details about the dynamics of vehicle in the water in addition to drag estimation. Good correlation has been found in drag values and the flow patterns obtained from towing tank tests and CFD simulations.
Support Analysis of Horizontal Pressure Vessel Using FEA
Authors: Kumar Navin , Angra Surjit , Mittal Vinod Kumar
Published: July 2014

Saddles are used to support the horizontal pressure vessels such as boiler drums or tanks. Since saddle is an integral part of the vessel, it should be designed in such a way that it can withstand the pressure vessel load while carrying liquid along with the operating weight. This paper presents the stress analysis of saddle support of a horizontal pressure vessel. A model of horizontal pressure vessel and saddle is created in Ansys software. For the given boundry and loading conditions, stresses induced in the saddle support are analyzed using Ansys software. After analysis it is found that maximum localized stress arises at the saddle to vessel interface near the saddle horn area. The results obtained shows that the saddle support design is safe for the given loading conditions and provides the theoretical basis for furthur optimisation.
Investigations on Dynamic Analysis of Propeller Shaft
Authors: Bhiogade Girish , Suryawanshi Jiwak G.
Published: July 2014

In recent years investigation of torsional vibration characteristics of the shaft systems transmitting torque, has become important part of the designer’s responsibility. Satisfactory operation of heavy duty transmission system may depend to a large extent upon the successful handling of the vibration problem. Propeller shaft of most of the vehicles are found to show number of modes of failures. Most destructive failure after thorough study of the system involving Propeller shaft is rupture of tubes & excessive bending caused due to torsional shear stresses that get imposed during running time of propeller shaft. Based upon above problem, new methodology has been devised to come up with new technique for determination of torsional stresses across cross sections of the shafts. TATA LP/LPO 1510 model chosen for the propeller shaft analysis and data provided by M.S.R.T.C. workshop bhandara (M.S.). Frequency response analysis (FRA) that has been worked out in found to show number of failures modes, each mode being representation of operation speed which is equal to excited natural frequency. Predicted frequency range is having excellent with practical results. Stresses that are obtained are of low magnitude (torsional stresses) but effect of this low modal amplitude will be excessive bending of shaft which causes the bending stresses of 72 N/mm2 while permissible is 83.7 N/mm2.
Three Dimensional FE Modeling of the Scratch Test for DLC Coated High Speed Steel Substrate
Authors: Pandure Pravin S. , Jatti Vijaykumar S. , Singh T.P.
Published: July 2014

Diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coatings provide excellent surface properties on substrate. With novel advanced techniques like modeling and simulation, the performance of these coatings can be predicted under different loading condition. Aim of present study was to developed three dimensional models for calculating first principal stress distribution components in the scratch test contact as the spherical diamond tip is moving with increasing load on a DLC Coated high speed steel substrate. Two different types of coatings (DLC 2, DLC 6) were used and find out the stress distribution on coatings and substrate. The models were developed in HYPERMESH and analyzed in RADIOSS software. The model is comprehensive in the sense that it considers elastic, plastic and fracture behavior of the coating surfaces.
Optimized Design of Friction Clutch for Maximum Torque Transmitting Capacity Using Uniform Pressure Theory
Authors: Agrawal Animesh , Jeet Chandra , Jaiswal Siddharth
Published: July 2014

:
Optimization
is
the
art
of
obtaining
the
best
results
under
given
circumstances.
In
design,
construction
and
maintenance
of
any
engineering
system,
the
ultimate
goal
is
either
to
minimize
the
effort
required
or
to
maximize
the
desired
benefits.
The
various
processes
of
optimization
come
under
the
subject
Operation
Research
(O.R.).
O.R.
one
of
the
branch
of
mathematics
which
is
concerned
which
the
application
of
scientific
methods
and
techniques
to
design
making
problems
and
establishing
optimal
situations.
In
this
project
we
aim
to
find
the
optimum
design
of
a
hydrodynamics
bearing
through
operations
research
techniques.
The
two
methods
used
are
stochastic
programming
and
geometric
programming.
The
existing
design
procedure
treats
design
variables
as
deterministic
ones.
In
actual
practice
due
to
manufacturing
tolerances
etc.
design
variables
do
not
remain
deterministic
but
become
probabilistic.
The
probabilistic
nature
of
these
should
be
given
proper
consideration
while
designing.
This
project
deals
with
an
approach
which
takes
into
account
the
probabilistic
nature
of
designs
variables,
as
well
as
probability
of
satisfying
constraint
equations.
Stochastic
signomial
geometric
programming
has
been
used
for
optimization.
Adaptive Neural Network for Estimation of Sliding Wear Behaviour of Al6061-Carbon Fiber Composites
Authors: Ramesh Chinnakurli Suryanarayana , Mohan Nirupama , Jain Vikram K.S. , Gudi Harsha R.
Published: July 2014

In recent years, Al6061-carbon fiber composites are gaining wide spread popularity as they find scope in certain high-tech applications such as automobile, aerospace, transport, andprocessing industries. Thesecomposites possess high strength to weight ratio, excellent wear resistance in addition to superior mechanical properties. The experimental method of determining wear phenomenon of the developed composites is an expensive as well as a tedious process.As such engineers and scientists are focusing their attention towards developing mathematical modelsfor determining wear phenomenon. The use of mathematical modeling for prediction of wear phenomenon is an evolving research area. Hence, meager information is available as regards the mathematical model to determine wear rate of composites. Mathematical modeling is slowly gaining impetus in industries in order to assess the life of sliding components and establishing the economic loss incurred due to the wear phenomenon. In the light of the above, Al6061 carbon fiber composites were prepared by liquid metallurgical route and then machined to a standard size of pin.On the pins, sliding wear test was conducted on a pin-on-disc apparatus using C-45 steel disc as per ASTM Standard. Data generated was then used in developing AdaptiveNeuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The ANFIS logic was created using the fuzzy logic tool box of Matlab 7.10 Version. For simulating, actual working conditions used to establish the sliding wear behaviour of Al6061-xwt%Carbon fiber composites (x=5, 10) including variable parameters such as Varying load (from 10-60N in step of 10N), Sliding distance, Weight fraction (5-10%) keeping other parameters constant such as track diameter 20 mm, Speed 500rpm and Pin diameter 8 mm were used.The adopted fuzzy model employs hybrid learning techniques for updating the premise and consequent parameter. The predicted values of sliding wear rate of Al6061-xwt% carbon fiber are in close agreement with the experimental results.
Anti Friction Properties of Motor Oil Dispersed with WS2 and MoS2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Vadappal Srinivas , Valluripally Dedeepya , Manikanta P.V. , Satish V.
Published: July 2014

This works presents a study on anti friction properties, of fully formulated SAE 20W 40 grade motor oil dispersed with surface modified WS2 and MoS2 nanoparticles. WS2 and MoS2 particles of 0.05 wt. % and 0.1 wt. % have been dispersed in SAE 20W 40 motor oil by Sonication and tested for tribological behavior on pin on disc apparatus as per ASTM G99 standards. The friction coefficient values for base oil and oil dispersed with WS2 and MoS2 nanoparticles have been evaluated and compared to obtain the performance analysis. Performance graphs have plotted for the base oil and oil dispersed with nanoparticles for comparison. The oils with dispersed nanoparticles have shown enhanced performance in comparison to the base oils in terms of anti friction properties.
Comparative Study on the Wear Properties of Fly Ash and Silica Fume Filled Nylon Composites
Authors: Loganathan Raja Velur , Kumaravel Arumugam
Published: July 2014

Nylon 66 is an engineering thermoplastic which has been found to be a suitable alternative material for metal parts in low and medium load bearing applications. Particulate filled polymer composites are preferred in this kind of tribological environment, because of their enhanced wear resistance properties. Fly ash and silica fume are industrial wastes which are now looked as potential fillers to enhance the material properties at low cost. Nylon 66 was reinforced with these filler materials at 15% weight fraction using a twin-screw extruder. The specimens were prepared using an injection molding machine of 60 ton capacity. The tests were carried out under dry sliding conditions in a pin-on-disc type friction and wear monitoring test rig. The tests were conducted at various sliding velocities of 2 m/s, 3 m/s and 4 m/s, at three different normal loads of 20 N, 40 N, 60 N and at a constant sliding distance of 5000 m. SEM observations were made to study the wear mechanisms in the composites. Both types of composites showed enhanced wear properties compared to neat Nylon but fly ash filled Nylon composites were superior to silica fumed filled Nylon composites.
Desirability Fuzzy Approach for Optimizing Multiple Performance Characteristics in Machining Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Tamang Santosh  K. , Chandrasekaran Muthumari
Published: July 2014

In this work, a new approach for optimizing multiple performance characteristics in turning Al-SiCp metal matrix composite (MMC) is attempted. Desirability fuzzy approach is used to optimize process parameters viz., spindle speed (N), feed (f) and dept of cut (d) that minimizes surface roughness (Ra) and maximizes metal removal rate (MRR). The approach obtains desirability fuzzy grade value for the multiple responses using individual desirability value. The optimum parameters were obtained based on desirability fuzzy grade value and the response table/response graph for each level of the machining parameters was obtained. It is observed that the combination of turning parameters as N=1200 rpm, f=0.22 mm/rev and d=1.0 mm (i.e., N3–f2–d3) were obtained as optimal parameters producing minimum Ra and maximum MRR as 2.64 μm and 33.19 cm3/min respectively. Confirmation test of the predicted result shows that the error is within the range of 1.0 %. This clearly shows the proposed approach is found simple and effective tool for optimizing the complicated multiple performance characteristics.
Effect of Process Parameters on Tribological Properties of Ni‒P‒Al2O3 Composite Coatings
Authors: Gadhari Prasanna , S Prasanta
Published: July 2014

The present study investigates the effect of different coating parameters along with heat treatment on the tribological properties of Ni–P–Al2O3 composite coating, deposited on mild steel substrate. The coefficient of friction and wear depth (μm) are optimized for increasing performance of the composite coating using Grey Taguchi analysis by considering three parameters, namely, concentration of nickel source, concentration of reducing agent, and concentration of alumina particles. Tribological properties of the composite coating after heat treatment at 400°C are evaluated by using plate-on-roller type of tribotester. It is observed that concentration of reducing agent and alumina particles have the significant influence on corrosion resistance at 400°C. Effects of operating parameters on microstructure, and crystallization are investigated using SEM and EDX techniques.
Estimation of Tribological Behavior of Al2024-TiB2 In Situ Composite Using GMDH and ANN
Authors: Keshavamurthy R. , Ugrasen G. , Manasa R. , Gowda Narasimhe
Published: July 2014

This paper reports on prediction and comparison of tribological behavior of Al2024-TiB2 in-situ metal matrix composites using Group Method Data Handling Technique (GMDH) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Experiments were carried out using Pin-On-Disc type testing machine as per ASTM standards by varying the loads and sliding velocities. Two responses namely coefficient of friction and wear rates have been considered for each experiment. It was found that, ANN is the most reliable and accurate technique for prediction compared to GMDH.
Influence of Linear Grooved Texture on Improvement of Tribological Properties of Cutting Tool Material
Authors: Senthilkumar Velusamy , Prasath M.G. Hari
Published: July 2014

Surface textures are one of a main criterion for reducing wear and friction between mating surfaces. Influence of the surface texture on the tribological properties of cutting tool material was studied. Linear grooves were textured on the High Speed Steel (HSS) by electro-discharge process using EDM. The HSS pins are wear-tested by pin-on disc wear test method using D3 die steel as disc component. The results show that textured surface shows less wear rate on comparing with non-textured surface even during high temperature and high load conditions. This effect on wear is mainly due to reduction in surface contact area between the mating wear surfaces also effective transfer of wear debris from the wear medium.
Sliding Friction and Wear Characteristics of Grade 410 Martensitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Rajan Rakesh K. , Kumar Hemant , Albert Shaju K. , Vijayaram T.R.
Published: July 2014

Present work aimed at investigating the friction and wear of martensitic stainless steel of grade 410. This steel is used in nuclear industry for various moving components due to its high strength and moderate corrosion resistance. Properties of this material depend upon the heat treatment to which subjected to. The wear tests by sliding were performed on a pin on disk apparatus whose pin is in normalized and tempered condition. The counter face disc was machined from EN24 steel of high hardness in nature. The AISI 410 stainless steel wear rates were evaluated using Pin-on Disc Tribometer at various load and sliding speed. The worn pins were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy and surface profilometer.
The Effects of Applied Load on Wear Behavior of Al-Quarry Dust Particle Composite Disc Sliding against Automobile Brake Material
Authors: Ramesh M. , Karthikeyan T. , Kumaravel A. , Kumaari C.
Published: July 2014

The wear behavior of aluminium alloy (A356) reinforced with 5 wt. % of quarry dust particles composite disc was sliding against automobile brake friction lining pin was investigated. Dry sliding wear studies were investigated in pin-on-disc apparatus. The wear tests were carried out range of applied load 20 to 60 N and constant sliding velocity (0.5 m/s) under sliding distance of 500 m. The wear behavior of aluminium metal matrix composite (AMC) has been compared with the commercially used 25 grade Gray Cast Iron disc (GCI).The results showed that the wear rate of AMC disc decreased with increasing the applied load. However the wear rate of AMC disc with respective pin decreased with increasing the applied load. The coefficient friction increased with increasing the applied load. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) used to investigate the disc and pin. The wear debris was analyzed by SEM image.
Effect of Rolling Velocity and Maximum Hertzian Pressure on Fluid Film in Steady State EHL Line Contact with Rough Surface and Linear Piezoviscosity
Authors: Talekar Nitesh , Kumar Punit
Published: July 2014

Consideration of surface roughness in steady state EHL line contact is the first step towards understanding the lubrication of rough surface problem. Current paper investigates the use of sinusoidal waviness in the contact; more precisely it gives performance of real fluid in EHL line contact. The effect of various parameters like rolling velocity (U) and maximum Hertzian pressure (ph) on surface roughness by using properties of linear and exponential piezo-viscosity is taken into consideration to evaluate behavior of pressure distribution of load carrying fluid film and film thickness. Full isothermal, Newtonian simulation of EHL problem gives described effects. Spiking or fluctuation of pressure and film thickness curves is expected to show presence of irregularities on the surface chosen and amount of fluctuation depends on certain parameters and intensity of irregularities present. Rolling side domain of-4.5 ≤ X ≤ 1.5 with grid size ∆X=0.01375 is selected. A computer code is developed to solve Reynolds equation, which governs the generation of pressure in the lubricated contact zone is discritized and solved along with load balance equation using Newton-Raphson technique.
Determination of Melting Efficiency of Mild Steel in GTA Welding Process
Authors: Kumar G. Sathish , Sellamuthu R. , Arul Sanjivi
Published: July 2014

In this study, a model for the melting efficiency of Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) was developed and validated using experiments. It was found that the melting efficiency increases with current, speed, arc length and electrode tip angle. The melting efficiency is found to be stable with increase in electrode diameter. The results were compared with existing studies.
A Phenomenological Model for Predicting Entropy Generation during Vaporization of Droplets in Engine Fuel Sprays
Authors: Saleel Ismail , Mehta Pramod S.
Published: July 2014

Modern internal combustion (IC) engines employ a variety of injection techniques for preparing a combustible mixture of fuel and air. In a fuel injection-based system, the vaporization of the atomized hydrocarbon fuel droplets has significant influence on engine performance and emissions. The entropy generation associated with droplet vaporization is particularly important as it is directly related to the destruction of exergy i.e. the potential to produce useful work. Since a fuel spray could involve millions of droplets, solving the entire set of governing equations for individual droplets in a spatiotemporally discretized domain is impractical. The present work explores the utility of a simple phenomenological model in predicting the entropy generation history. The results indicate that this model ensures computational efficiency without much sacrifice in accuracy.
Air Cooling in Automobiles Using Vortex Tube Refrigeration System
Authors: Reddy B. Sreenivasa Kumar , Govindarajulu K.
Published: July 2014

Refrigeration plays an important role in developing countries, primarily for the preservation of food, medicine, and for air conditioning. Conventional refrigeration systems are using Freon as refrigerant. As they are the main cause for depletion of ozone layer, extensive research work is going on alternate refrigeration systems. Vortex tube is a non conventional cooling device, having no moving parts which will produce cold air and hot air from the source of compressed air without affecting the environment.
An Experimental Investigation of Heat Pipe Flat-Plate Solar Collector with Water-Ethanol Mixture as a Working Fluid
Authors: Harde Pravin R. , Pise Ashok T. , Kusure Balasao D.
Published: July 2014

The objective of the present study is to investigate the performance of solar collector with serpentine shape of heat pipe and water-ethanol as a working fluid. Serpentine shape is easy of manufacturing and also to reduce cost of manufacturing. In this work, heat pipe is made from copper tube having ID 10mm and OD 12mm.The tube is bent in serpentine manner and filled with Water-ethanol as a working fluid with 70% filling ratio. The length of evaporator, adiabatic and condenser section was 480mm, 50mm and 65mm respectively. The test is conducted for coolant flow rate 4.5 kg/hr different angle of collector 20°, 31.5°, 40°, 50°, 60°. Result shows that water-ethanol collector gives better performance than collector with water as a working fluid. Maximum efficiency is observed at 31.5° inclination.
An Experimental Study of Forced Convective Fluid Flow in Divergent Minichannels Using Nanofluids
Authors: Dominic A. , Sarangan J. , Suresh S. , Devah Dhanush V.S.
Published: July 2014

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of an array of divergent straight minichannels (DSM) and was compared with straight minichannels (SM). The experiment was conducted in hydro dynamically developed and thermally developing laminar and turbulent regimes. The minichannel heat sink array consisted of 15 rectangular channels machined on a 30x30mm2 and 11mm thick Aluminium substrate. Each minichannel was of 0.9mm width, 1.8mm pitch and a depth of 1.3 mm at entrance and 3.3 mm at exit for increasing the cross sectional area. DI water and 0.5% and 0.8% volume concentrations of Al2O3/water nanofluid were used as working fluids. The Reynolds number was varied from 1000 to 3500; and the heat flux was maintained as 45kW/m2. It was observed that the heat transfer performance of the DSM channel was higher than that of the SM channel.
Analysis of Flow Mal-Distribution in a Cross-Flow Heat Exchanger
Authors: Mohan Krishna P. , Santosh Shekar M. , Ramakanth M. , Thansekhar M.R. , Venkatesan M.
Published: July 2014

Flow mal-distribution is defined as the non-uniform fluid flow distribution among the parallel channels having a common header. Flow mal-distribution is present in every header channel assembly. This mal-distribution has a significant effect on the performance of the heat exchanger by increasing the pressure drop and affecting the heat transfer characteristics. However, in designing a heat exchanger, a uniform flow distribution in each channel is assumed. The present work attempts to reduce the flow mal-distribution in a cross flow heat exchanger. A numerical analysis is done using a commercial code ANSYS FLUENT 3D and the results are validated experimentally. A parametric study is done by changing the size of the channels within the heat exchanger so as to reduce the flow mal-distribution. The effect of varying channel size on flow mal-distribution and pressure drop across the heat exchanger is studied and a geometry with reduced flow mal-distribution is found.
Assessment of Weld Joint Efficiency for Rolled and Welded Joint for Intermediate Heat Exchanger in Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor
Authors: Gupta Suman , Chellapandi P.
Published: July 2014

The tube to tubesheet joint in a heat exchanger is one of the most critical joint and it has to meet stringent requirements as it provides the main barrier between the tube side and shell side fluids of heat exchanger. This paper discusses the various kinds of tube to tubesheet joint in heat exchanger, joint configuration adopted in PFBR IHX, structural analysis of IHX, axial load distribution in tube rows and experimental verification in order to evaluate allowable strength of tube to tubesheet joint. In IHX, tubes in outer rows are under tension and maximum stresses are below the allowable stresses in the tubes. Detailed experimental investigations result shows that the rolled and welded joint is stronger than the basic strength of the tube material. However, the allowable tensile strength of the joint under mechanical loading considered is 0.95 times the allowable value for tubes as per ASME.
Developing Empirical Relationships to Predict Tensile Properties of Friction Welded AISI 52100 Grade Steel Rods
Authors: Selvamani S.T. , Umanath K. , Palanikumar K. , Vigneswar K.
Published: July 2014

In this work, friction welding of AISI 52100 grade steel rods of 12 mm diameter was investigated to predict the value of tensile strength. The Joints made with various process parameter combinations were subjected to tensile tests. The primary process parameters are considered in ratios (friction pressure/friction time, forging pressure/forging time, rotational speed/sec). This is done to make as three factors. Here, the three factors, five levels, central composite, rotatable design matrix are worn to optimize the required number of experiments. The Empirical relationships were developed by Response Surface Method (RSM). The adequacy of the models was checked through ANOVA technique. Through using the developed Empirical relationship, Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of the joints can be predicted by means of 95% confidence level.
Comparison of Boiling and Condensation Characteristics in the Porous Wick of a Flat Heat Pipe in Vertical and Horizontal Orientation
Authors: Hari Rakesh , Jolly Tom , Muraleedharan C.
Published: July 2014

The two-phase flow through porous media is an important topic which spans a broad spectrum of engineering disciplines especially in porous heat pipes. Heat pipe is a thermodynamic device that transports heat energy from one location to another with a negligible temperature drop. The aim of the present work is to investigate the phase change mechanisms, namely boiling and condensation, in the flat heat pipe system with different orientation. Governing equations used for the formulation are continuity, mixture momentum, liquid conservation and energy equations. These equations are converted into three ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation and two-phase similarity solutions are obtained for both boiling and condensing flows. In each case, a two phase zone where the liquid and vapour can coexist appears adjacent to the wall. As the heat transfer at the wall gradually enhances, the liquid saturation at the wall approaches to the limiting value, zero, for boiling and unity for condensation. The present work is an attempt to predict numerically the liquid wall saturation, non-dimensional temperature, non-dimensional temperature gradient and effect of Sherwood number during the phase change of water-steam system in the heat pipe for horizontal and vertical cases.
Nomenclature
Design and Development of Online Steam Dryness Fraction Measurement Setup
Authors: Gawde Amol Devidas , Dhamangaonkar Pradyumna R.
Published: July 2014

The aim of study is to develop highly reliable and less time consuming steam dryness fraction measuring experimental setup. This method of dryness fraction measurement is based on throttling process which is obtained by using orifice plate. Calculation of orifice diameter was done by using ISO 5167 for given pressure drop. This paper deals with the conceptual design of orifice in a steam pipe line. The objective of the conceptual design is to obtain throttling process. Three parameters are chosen for the conceptual design: the diameter of the orifice, the aspect ratio between length and diameter and the entrance angle to the orifice. This work also deals with validation of calculated orifice diameter through CFD simulation for pressure drop in pipe line. To simulate the throttling process, the inlet condition of the orifice upstream flow is fixed at 10 bar and 180°C. The temperature and pressure is measured at the outlet of the orifice while steam is flowing through the pipe. An orifice diameter of 11.00mm is selected as the optimal value to keep throttling process. The resulting optimal orifice design will be used in steam pipe line.