bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of bovine brucellosis from 1998 to 2009 in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Leal Filho Jamil Manoel , Bottene Ilda Francisca Neves , Monteiro Letícia Almeida Retumba Carneiro , Pellegrin Aiesca Oliveira , Gonçalves Vitor Salvador Picão , Ferreira Fernando , Dias Ricardo Augusto , Amaku Marcos , Telles Evelise Oliveira , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Ferreira Neto José Soares
Published: December 2016

This study used disease prevalence as an indicator to assess the effectiveness of the bovine brucellosis vaccination program implemented by the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The state was divided into three regions: Pantanal, Planalto Sul, and Planalto Norte. For each region, a predetermined number of properties was sampled; in each, blood samples were collected from randomly selected cows aged at least 24 months. Sera from animals were subjected to a protocol that called for serial testing, with screening and confirmation using the buffered acidified antigen and 2-mercaptoethanol tests, respectively. In each property, a questionnaire was completed in order to identify risk factors associated with the disease. The overall prevalence rates of infected herds and infected animals in the state were 30.6% [27.4; 34.0] and 7.0% [5.6; 8.7], respectively. The regional prevalence rates of infected herds and infected animals were 39.1% and 8.9%, respectively, in Pantanal, 25.3% and 6.1% in Planalto Sul, and 32.1% and 6.4% in Planalto Norte. Bovine brucellosis in the state is associated with the purchase of breeding animals, herd size, and beef and mixed types of enterprise. Thus, Mato Grosso do Sul should reassess its vaccination program in order to improve its effectiveness. The state must also increase education and supervision to encourage producers to test breeding animals for brucellosis before introducing them to their properties.
Epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis after implementation of a vaccination program in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Authors: Silva Nairléia Dos Santos , Groff Ana Cláudia Mello , Vidor Ana Carla Martins , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Dias Ricardo Augusto , Telles Evelise Oliveira , Gonçalves Vitor Salvador Picão , Amaku Marcos , Ferreira Fernando , Ferreira Neto José Soares
Published: December 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a bovine brucellosis vaccination program in Rio Grande do Sul, with prevalence as the indicator, and to identify risk factors for the disease. The state was divided into seven regions. For each region, a predetermined number of properties were randomly sampled, in which a pre-established number of randomly selected females aged over 24 months were tested. The serodiagnosis protocol consisted of a screening test using buffered acidified antigen, followed by a confirmatory test using 2-mercaptoethanol. An epidemiological questionnaire was utilized to identify possible risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the prevalence of infected herds was found to be 3.54% [2.49-4.88], and the prevalence of infected animals was 0.98% [0.57-1.57]. In assessments of specific regions, the infected herd prevalence ranged from 0.66% to 3.09%, and among the animals, from 0.06% to 2.03%. In herds comprising 15 or more cows, beef type and pasture sharing emerged as risk factors for bovine brucellosis in the state. The epidemiological status of bovine brucellosis in Rio Grande do Sul has remained unchanged since 2004, even though adequate vaccination coverage has been recorded since 2009. Thus, the state should continue its vaccination program, with emphasis on the quality of the process and on encouraging the use of non-antibody inducing vaccines. In addition, the state must make a greater effort to educate producers on the importance of testing for brucellosis in breeding animals before introducing them onto their properties, and on the importance of avoiding shared grazing among herds whose health conditions are unknown.
Epidemiological status of bovine tuberculosis in the Federal District of Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Lucílio Antônio , Gonçalves Vítor Salvador Picão , Francisco Priscilla Fernanda Cremer , Mota Ana Lourdes Arrais de Alencar , Nascimento Geraldo Teixeira do , Licurgo Janaina Bitencourt , Ferreira Fernando , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Ferreira Neto José Soares , Amaku Marcos , Dias Ricardo Augusto , Telles Evelise Oliveira , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Borges José Renato Junqueira
Published: December 2016

Considering the implementation of the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Animal Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT) in 2001, and the need to determine the epidemiological status of animal tuberculosis for future evaluation of the effectiveness of the measures laid down, the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in the Federal District (DF) of Brazil, as well as to provide an input for the strategic management of PNCEBT. Field testing and data collection was carried out from February to December 2003. The DF was considered a single epidemiological region owing to the small number of existing farms, and the absence of significant differences between the region’s farming enterprises, which would justify the stratification of the regional sample. A total of 278 farms were randomly sampled from the local registry database of bovine farms with reproductive activity, in which 2,019 adult cows were tuberculin tested. Only one sampled animal had a positive result, using the comparative cervical tuberculin test, resulting in a bovine tuberculosis prevalence of 0.05% [95% CI: 0.0-0.4%]. The herd-level prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in the DF was estimated as 0.36% [95% CI: 0-2.0%]. The analysis of risk factors was impaired by the results obtained, as the number of cases did not allow for this kind of analysis. Cattle farming in the DF is predominantly aimed at dairy production; however, it is characterized by the presence of small low milk yield herds, which may not favor the introduction and persistency of infection of Mycobacterium bovis. Health authorities from the DF perform surveillance for bovine tuberculosis and maintain the need for tests for the movement of bovines for breeding and those animals destined for any form of animal gathering, especially auctions. Therefore, it is likely that the DF has good conditions for successfully implementing the PNCEBT.
Epidemiologic characterization of bovine tuberculosis in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Galvis Jason Onell Ardila , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Costa Daniele Da , Said Alba Luisa Pereira Ribeiro , Amaku Marcos , Dias Ricardo Augusto , Ferreira Fernando , Gonçalves Vitor Salvador Picão , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Telles Evelise Oliveira , Ferreira Neto José Soares
Published: December 2016

A cross-sectional study was carried out between January 2012 and May 2014 to investigate the status of bovine tuberculosis in the state of Espírito Santo. The state was divided into two regions, and in each of them, 300 farms with reproductive activity were randomly selected and considered as the primary sampling units. In the selected farms, a fixed number of female bovines aged over 2 years were randomly selected to undergo a comparative cervical tuberculin test; an epidemiologic questionnaire was also applied. In the state of Espírito Santo, the apparent prevalence of tuberculosis-positive farms was 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.7-9.9). Prevalence at the herd level varied from 4.6% (95% CI = 2.6-7.3) in region 1 to 11.1% (95% CI = 7.7-15.3) in region 2. The apparent prevalence of tuberculosis-positive animals was 0.7% (95% CI = 0.3-1.1) in the state, and the prevalence varied from 0.3% (95% CI = 0.2-0.6) in region 1 to 1.2% (95% CI = 0.3-2.9) in region 2. The risk factors associated with tuberculosis prevalence in Espírito Santo were the number of adult females ? 10 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.17-5.31) and milking type (milking machine/milking parlor) (OR = 2.88; 95% CI = 1.36-5.86]). The state of Espírito Santo should set up a surveillance system to detect and control bovine tuberculosis, taking into account the importance of dairy farms and animal trade in the state.
Epidemiological situation of bovine tuberculosis in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Néspoli João Marcelo Brandini , Negreiros Rísia Lopes , Amaku Marcos , Dias Ricardo Augusto , Ferreira Fernando , Telles Evelise Oliveira , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Gonçalves Vitor Salvador Picão , Ferreira Neto José Soares
Published: December 2016

In 2009, the epidemiological situation of bovine tuberculosis was studied in the state of Mato Grosso, which is a traditional beef exporter. The state was divided into four regions. In each region, properties were selected randomly. A predetermined random number of animals were chosen from these properties, and comparative cervical tuberculin tests were conducted. In total, 28,878 animals from 1,133 properties underwent examination. The animals with inconclusive results were reexamined with the same diagnostic procedure in a minimal interval of 60 days. In each sampled property, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted to identify possible risk factors for the disease. In the state, the prevalence of infected herds and animals was 1.3% [0.7; 2.4] and 0.12% [0.03; 0.44], respectively. Further, the prevalence of infected herds and animals were 0.0% [0.0; 2.0] and 0.0% [0.0; 0.08] in the Pantanal region, 1.3% [0.5; 3.1] and 0.04% [0.01; 0.17] in the dairy region, 0.7% [0.2; 2.7] and 0.01% [0.003; 0.04] in the fattening region, and 1.7% [0.7; 4.1] and 0.24% [0.06; 0.90] in the breeding region, respectively. It was observed that the condition of the herds infected with bovine tuberculosis was associated with milk production, European or mestizo breeds, degree of sophistication in the production mode, and herd size of up to 486 animals. Therefore, the implementation of a monitoring system for detection and elimination of the residual infected herds along with incorporation of risk-based monitoring elements is the best strategy for the state.
Epidemiological situation of bovine tuberculosis in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Lima Paula Regina Barros , Nascimento Dulcilene Lacerda do , Almeida Erivânia Camelo de , Pontual Késia Alcântara Queiroz , Amaku Marcos , Dias Ricardo Augusto , Ferreira Fernando , Gonçalves Vitor Salvador Picão , Telles Evelise Oliveira , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Silva Jean Carlos Ramos , Ferreira Neto José Soares
Published: December 2016

The epidemiological situation of bovine tuberculosis was studied in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The state was divided into three regions, and a predetermined number of properties was randomly sampled in each region. In each property, females aged 24 months or older were randomly selected and subjected to the cervical comparative tuberculin test. Altogether, 5,728 animals from 906 properties were tested. In the evaluated properties, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied to identify risk factors related to bovine tuberculosis. The prevalence of infected herds and infected animals and in the state was 2.87% [1.82–4.50] and 0.62% [0.29–1.29], respectively. There was a predominance trend of infected herds in the properties located in the dry areas of Pernambuco, where most dairy properties are found. The risk factors related to the occurrence of positive herds were: presence of 18 or more cows in the herd, milking the cows two or three times a day, and sharing the grazing area. In conclusion, the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Pernambuco is low, and the best strategy to be adopted is the implementation of a surveillance system for detection and sanitation of infected herds, preferably by incorporating risk-based surveillance strategies. In addition, the State should implement an effective sanitary program to enable producers to test their animals for bovine tuberculosis before inserting them into the herds, as well as avoid sharing the grazing areas with properties that are not free of bovine tuberculosis.
Prevalence and herd-level risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in the State of Goiás, Brazil
Authors: Rocha Willian Vilela , Jayme Valéria De Sá , Mota Ana Lourdes Arrais de Alencar , Brito Wilia Marta Elsner Diederichsen de , Pires Glauciane Ribeiro de Castro , Ferreira Neto José Soares , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Dias Ricardo Augusto , Amaku Marcos , Telles Evelise Oliveira , Ferreira Fernando , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Gonçalves Vítor Salvador Picão
Published: December 2016

Bovine tuberculosis results in economic losses in livestock production and poses a risk to public health. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological status of bovine tuberculosis in adult cows in the state of Goiás, Brazil. The state was divided into three sampling strata, corresponding to different livestock production circuits. A total of 18,659 animals were tested with the comparative cervical tuberculin test (CCT), in 300 randomly sampled bovine herds per stratum. An epidemiological questionnaire was used to identify health and management practices that may be associated with the presence of tuberculosis infection in the herd. In Stratum 1, dominated by beef cattle, no animals reacted to the CCT. In Stratum 2, which covers the main dairy regions of the state, the prevalence was estimated at 8.67% [5.73 to 12.74%] for herds and at 0.9% [0.21 to 1.58%] for animals. In Stratum 3, characterized by a mix of dairy, beef and dual-purpose herds, the prevalence was estimated at 1.00% [0.21 to 2.89] for herds and 0.30% [0.10 to 0.49 %] for animals. The overall prevalence in the state of Goiás was 3.43% [2.20 to 4.67%] for herds and 0.30% [0.10 to 0.49%] for animals. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that herd-level risk factors associated with the presence of the bovine tuberculosis are: the location of the herd in Stratum 2 (OR = 12.05 [3.52 to 41.28]) and the number of times a cow is milked per day (OR = 6.27 [2.72 to 14.44]). Regular veterinary care was identified as a protective factor (OR = 0.38 [0.15-0.94]). These results indicate that bovine tuberculosis is endemic in the state; its spatial distribution is heterogeneous with a strong concentration in dairy regions. The most intensive dairy farms are those with the highest risk, which is consistent with what other authors’ found elsewhere in Brazil. The epidemiological information generated by this study provides information for planning of risk-based surveillance actions, and justifies the adoption of free-herd certification programs for bovine tuberculosis in the main dairy regions of Goiás.
Epidemiologic characterization of bovine tuberculosis in the State of Rondônia, Brazil
Authors: Vendrame Fabiano Benitez , Amaku Marcos , Ferreira Fernando , Telles Evelise Oliveira , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Gonçalves Vitor Salvador Picão , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Ferreira Neto José Soares , Dias Ricardo Augusto
Published: December 2016

A cross sectional study was performed between June 2009 and March 2010 to determine the situation of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Rondônia. The state was divided into three regions and, in each of them, 300 farms with reproductive activity were randomly chosen and considered as primary sample units. In the selected farms, an epidemiologic questionnaire was applied. A fixed number of bovine females older than two years of age was randomly selected and tested through comparative cervical tuberculin test. Considering the State of Rondônia, the apparent prevalence of bTB positive farms was 2.3% (95% CI = 1.5–3.5%). The prevalence in the regions varied from 1.7% (95% CI = 0.7 – 4%) to 3% (95% CI = 1.6–5.7%). The apparent prevalence of bTB positive animals in the State of Rondônia was 0.12% (95% CI = 0.06–0.25%) and varied from 0.08% (95% CI = 0.04–0.18%) to 0.15% (95% CI = 0.07–0.33%) in the regions. The risk factor associated to tuberculosis in the State of Rondônia was the acquisition of animals (OR = 7.1; 95% CI = 1.6–31.1). The State of Rondônia should implement a surveillance system to detect bTB-infected herds to certify them as bTB-free. Moreover, an efficient health education program to inform farmers to test replacement animals for bTB prior to introduction in their herds should also be implemented.
Prevalence and herd-level risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in the State of Santa Catarina
Authors: Veloso Flávio Pereira , Baumgarten Karina Diniz , Mota Ana Lourdes Arrais de Alencar , Ferreira Fernando , Ferreira Neto José Soares , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Dias Ricardo Augusto , Amaku Marcos , Telles Evelise Oliveira , Gonçalves Vítor Salvador Picão
Published: December 2016

With the aim of supporting the strategic planning of the National Program for Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis, different Brazilian states have been conducting cross-sectional studies, coordinated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply and with scientific support from the University of São Paulo and the University of Brasilia. In Santa Catarina, the State Animal Health Agency (CIDASC) conducted a study on bovine tuberculosis (TB) prevalence and assessment of risk factors in 2012. The state was divided into five regions and, in each region, independent sampling was performed in two steps: (i) cattle herds with reproductive activity were randomly selected; and (ii) in each herd, a sample of females aged 24 months or older underwent the intradermal comparative tuberculin test. A questionnaire was used to collect data on production characteristics and management practices that could be associated with the tuberculosis infection. Herd prevalence of bovine TB was 0.50% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.074–0.93%) while the prevalence of TB in adult females was 0.06% (95% CI: 0–0.12%). No significant difference in the prevalence of infected herds and of positive females was observed among the five regions. The logistic regression model revealed that herds with 19 or more females showed an odds ratio (OR) of 7.68 (95% CI: 1.22–48.39) compared to smaller herds, while dairy herds presented an OR of 10.43 (95% CI: 2.00–54.25) relative to beef or dual-purpose herds. The results suggest that dairy herds, in which animals are kept in partial or total confinement, and larger herds, which tend to acquire animals more often, are at a higher risk of bovine TB. Given the low prevalence and the type of higher-risk properties, a bovine TB surveillance system should be targeted at the state’s dairy basins, particularly the western region that accounts for the major industries and more intensive dairy farms.
Decay of Mycobacterium bovis in whole milk submitted to pasteurization parameters
Authors: Ribeiro Leandro , Narciso Maurício Roberto Tosti , Felipe Tatiane Hoshida , Starikoff Karina Ramirez , Souza Gisele Oliveira de , Ferreira Neto José Soares , Ferreira Fernando , Amaku Marcos , Dias Ricardo Augusto , Gonçalves Vítor Salvador Picão , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand , Telles Evelise Oliveira
Published: December 2016

Parameters for milk pasteurization were established a long time ago, considering the thermal resistance of Mycobacterium bovis, and the systematic adoption of this process has drastically reduced the incidence of human tuberculosis caused by this pathogen. However, more recently, molecular methods have allowed the identification of genetic variations in this bacterium that may lead to greater thermal resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic variation leads to variation in the death pattern of this bacterium during the milk pasteurization process. Samples of UHT (ultra-high temperature)-treated whole milk were artificially contaminated with four different Mycobacterium bovis spoligotypes and were subjected to pasteurization by low-temperature long-time (LTLT) and high-temperature short-time (HTST) treatments. The M. bovis spoligotypes were quantified (Colony Forming Unit per milliliter of milk) before and during the thermal process. The decay of the pathogen was quantified by calculating the difference between the measurements at the beginning and at the end of the thermal treatment. The data demonstrated that the LTLT and HTST pasteurization processes considerably reduced the M. bovis load in the milk; however, the bacterium was not eliminated. There was no difference in the thermal resistance of the spoligotypes tested or in the efficiency of pasteurization processes (LTLT versus HTST). However, heating phase was more effective in reducing the M. bovis load than the target temperature maintenance phase.
Proposed model to study the economic impact of bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis: Case study of Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
Authors: Homem Valéria Stacchini Ferreira , Higa Zenaide Maria de Morais , Ferreira Neto José Soares
Published: December 2016

Following the recent implementation of the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT), and the lack of economic research on animal health in Brazil, we created a model to estimate the economic impact of brucellosis and tuberculosis on livestock production, using the municipality of Pirassununga/SP as a case study. The first part of our study consisted of a literature review of the estimates of losses caused by the two diseases. The impact on production was converted into economic losses, also represented by monetary values, using secondary references from 2003. The losses were calculated for the entire municipality and took into account the actual prevalence of disease in the animals, and the type of disease in each of the affected properties. The results revealed the annual losses in Pirassununga, which, at the time of the study, were as high as R$ 132,676.23 for brucellosis (updated value by the IGP-M: R$273,407.43), and between R$192,500.00 and R$ 430,252.00 for tuberculosis (values updated by the IGP-M: R$ 396,686.97 and R$ 886,825.25). These results suggest that these diseases had a significant impact on livestock production in the municipality of Pirassununga. The impacts they have on agriculture, and the economy, should be rapidly be communicated throughout Brazil because this information will significantly improve the management of veterinary sanitary processes.
Satisfeitos na pobreza? Sobre o argumento da divisão social em Maquiavel
Authors: Petroni Lucas Cardoso
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho tem por objetivo reconstruir a famosa tese da divisão social entre grandes e povo, tal como encontrado nas principais obras de Maquiavel, para evidenciar as consequências normativas trazidas do argumento para a teoria política contemporânea. Em especial, procurar-se-á dar ênfase à posição normativa do povo no argumento maquiaveliano como uma posição necessária em contextos de autoridade política centralizada. Por fim, o artigo procura esboçar, em linhas gerais, duas apropriações possíveis distintas da tese da divisão social. O conceito de “povo” exerce, em cada uma delas, consequências normativas distintas, respectivamente, uma ferramenta importante contra formas de opressão social, e como a única fonte possível de legitimidade do poder político.
O processo de formação de professores por meio da educação a distância: uma experiência pioneira
Authors: Fujita Oscar Massaru , Nascimento Ronaldo José , Ayrosa Pedro Paulo , Guazzi Dirceu Moreira
Published: December 2016

O presente texto expõe de forma sucinta as ações realizadas no processo de formação e as parcerias estabelecidas para a concretização do pioneiro processo educacional de cursos na modalidade Educação a Distância (EaD) da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL-PR). O delineamento metodológico foi desenvolvido segundo a Abordagem Qualitativa do tipo Pesquisa-Ação, que prioriza o desenvolvimento e a análise do processo juntamente com o “significado” que as pessoas dão às coisas e à sua vida do que propriamente o produto em si. Os dados coletados por meio dos questionários aplicados ao final do curso sinalizam as impressões (positivas e críticas construtivas) que recebemos e os significados que cursistas vivenciaram (depoimentos, chats, fóruns de discussão, projetos) nos cursos oferecidos. A experiência vivenciada nestes três cursos: Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (60 horas); Tutoria em EAD (60 horas) e Material Didático em EAD (60 horas), desde a sua concepção até a sua efetiva conclusão, nos fazem pensar que estamos no caminho certo e que por meio das TDIC, novos horizontes podem se abrir para a instituição a curto e a médio prazo.
Perfil de tutores e coordenadores de cursos EAD da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Authors: Machado Marília Ribas , Silva Julio Eduardo Ornelas , Pacheco Andressa Sasaki Vasques , Melo Pedro Antônio de
Published: December 2016

O alcance de resultados satisfatórios na educação a distância demanda o uso eficiente de diversos recursos materiais e intangíveis aliados a uma equipe capacitada para atuar nessa modalidade de ensino. Dessa forma, a pesquisa apresentada neste artigo objetivou analisar o perfil de tutores e coordenadores dos polos de apoio presencial localizados nos estados do Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina, cujos cursos de graduação a distância estão sob a tutela da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Para atender ao objetivo, a metodologia englobou a aplicação de questionários aos agentes em análise, propiciando dados quantitativos sobre seus perfis. Os resultados apontam que a maior parcela dos coordenadores e tutores analisados são do gênero feminino, com idades entre 36 e 55 anos, possuindo em sua grande maioria especialização, exercendo as funções de tutor, coordenadores dos polos e de ensino, residindo nas mesmas cidades onde os cursos são ofertados e consideram-se de maneira geral, satisfeitos com suas atribuições.
Redes sociais online em projetos de educação a distância: o caso do projeto-piloto “Geração Movimento” (2015)
Authors: Carvalho Bruno Leal Pastor de
Published: December 2016

Em 2015, a Fundação Roberto Marinho, em parceria com o Instituto Coca-Cola Brasil e a Coca-Cola Brasil, realizou um projeto-piloto de formação continuada de modalidade híbrida (presencial e a distância) para 145 professores do Ensino Fundamental de escolas da rede pública de Joinville, Santa Catarina. Este proje-to, chamado “Geração Movimento”, visou desenvolver conceitos relacionados ao corpo, à atividade física e ao movimento corporal. O presente trabalho se debruça sobre a rede social na internet que integrou à parte a distância do projeto. São focados, neste sentido, o engajamento dos participantes, suas respostas frente às estratégias de comunicação dos gestores e o uso das principais ferramentas tecnológicas desta rede.
O dever de licitar dos serviços sociais autônomos e sua insubmissão à lei n. 8.666/1993
Authors: Ramos Vinicius Diniz e Almeida , Silva Romeu Faria Thomé da
Published: December 2016

Os serviços sociais autônomos (SSA), também denominados “Sistema S”, são pessoas jurídicas de direito privado, caracterizadas como entidades paraestatais e que recebem, para sua mantença, recursos parafiscais. Por esta razão, têm o dever de realizar suas compras e contratações através de licitações públicas, regidas por regulamentos próprios. Entretanto, tais regulamentos, cuja elaboração foi autorizada pelo Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU), contêm lacunas e obscuridades que vêm provocando controvérsias jurídicas, baseadas na discussão acerca da obrigatoriedade, ou não, dos SSA recorrerem subsidiariamente à Lei n. 8.666, de 1993, quando seus regulamentos não oferecerem resposta para o caso concreto. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica descritiva, procura-se demonstrar que o estudo das Decisões 907/1997 e 461/1998, do Plenário do TCU, não deixa dúvidas de que os SSA não devem recorrer à Lei Nacional de Licitações, nem mesmo de forma subsidiária. De todo modo, reconhece-se que os regulamentos próprios do “Sistema S” são omissos em vários de seus pontos, sendo necessária a reformulação de seu texto, de modo que passe a disciplinar suficientemente as matérias atinentes aos procedimentos de compras e contratações aplicáveis aos serviços sociais autônomos.
O tratamento tributário diferençado às microempresas e às empresas de pequeno porte e a ordem econômica na Constituição Federal de 1988
Authors: Cunha Carlos Renato , Martins Esteves João Luiz
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo visa analisar o contexto do tratamento favorecido às micro e pequenas empresas no âmbito tributário no texto da Constituição Federal de 1988.
Oportunidades negociais na gestão de resíduos sólidos
Authors: Rikils Vanuscleia Silva Santos , Senhoras Eloi Martins
Published: December 2016

Resenha sobre a obra: GUERRA, Sidney Cesar Silva. Resíduos sólidos: comentários à Lei 12.305/2010. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Forense, 2012.
Análise da incursão de (ex) prefeito por ato de improbidade cometido por agente com competência delegada
Authors: Reis Jair Teixeira dos , Mendes Yury Vieira Tupynambá de Lélis , Veloso Matheus De Quadros
Published: December 2016

A Improbidade Administrativa é verdadeira “patologia” na vida pública brasileira, tendo de ser confrontada. O que, não obstante, não legitima ao Estado-membro, por meio do Ministério Público, que é órgão seu (ainda que o responsável pela defesa da sociedade) e, muito menos, dos promotores de justiça de comarcas interioranas (art. 127, §1°, da CF); a promover devassas nas administrações municipais, sob pena de incorrer em intervenção, o que se repudia. Igualmente, em relação aos Magistrados de primeira instância, tendo em vista a prerrogativa de foro privilegiado deferida, pela Constituição da República, em seu art. 29, X, ao Prefeito Municipal. Este trabalho, assim, tem por pretensão contribuir ao debate sobre a “Improbidade Administrativa”, a indevida intervenção estadual em desfavor da autonomia constitucional do Município e sua relação com o instituto do foro privilegiado, e principalmente acerca da incursão de (ex) prefeito municipal em responsabilização criminal solidária relativa a ato de improbidade administrativa cometido por agente a quem foi delegada competência estendida via decreto de desconcentração administrativa. Lançou-se mão de pesquisa bibliográfica (doutrina) e documental (jurisprudência) como método para elucidar essa questão, que está na ordem do dia.
Preclinical Evaluation of Photoacoustic Imaging as a Novel Noninvasive Approach to Detect an Orthopaedic Implant Infection
Authors: Wang Yu , Thompson John M. , Ashbaugh Alyssa G. , Khodakivskyi Pavlo , Budin Ghyslain , Sinisi Riccardo , Heinmiller Andrew , van Oosten Marleen , van Dijl Jan Maarten , van Dam Gooitzen M. , Francis Kevin P. , Bernthal Nicholas M. , Dubikovskaya Elena A. , Miller Lloyd S.
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Diagnosing prosthetic joint infection (PJI) poses significant challenges, and current modalities are fraught with low sensitivity and/or potential morbidity. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a novel ultrasound-based modality with potential for diagnosing PJI safely and noninvasively.

Materials: In an established preclinical mouse model of bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus PJI, fluorescent indocyanine green (ICG) was conjugated to β-cyclodextrin (CDX-ICG) or teicoplanin (Teic-ICG) and injected intravenously for 1 week postoperatively. Daily fluorescent imaging and PAI were used to localize and quantify tracer signals. Results were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance.

Results: Fluorescence clearly localized to the site of infection and was significantly higher with Teic-ICG compared with CDX-ICG (P = 0.046) and ICG alone (P = 0.0087). With PAI, the photoacoustic signal per volumetric analysis was substantially higher and better visualized with Teic-ICG compared with CDX-ICG and ICG alone, and colocalized well with bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging.

Conclusion: Photoacoustic imaging successfully localized PJI in this proof-of-concept study and demonstrates potential for clinical translation in orthopaedics.
Assessment of Needs of Hospitalized Cancer Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Konstantinidis Theocharis I. , Samonis George , Sarafis Pavlos , Philalithis Anastas
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND: Needs assessment of patients with advanced cancer (ACPs) is essential for optimal care. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Needs Evaluation Questionnaire (NEQ) and assessed the supportive care needs of hospitalized ACPs with solid tumors.METHODS: The validated Greek version of the NEQ along with demographic and clinical data of 95 consecutive breast, colon and lung ACPs hospitalized in the University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece, were used to assess their supportive care needs. The NEQ score was subsequently rescaled to 0-100.RESULTS: NEQ displayed adequate psychometric properties in validity and reliability tests. The average number of needs reported was 8.4(4.1). Female and younger patients reported a higher score of unmet needs than their male (40.3 versus 30.0, p=0.005) and elder (40.1 versus 29.2, p=0.001) counterparts. Patients reported higher needs in receiving information about their future (73.7%), treatments (56.8%), examinations (51.6%) and for the need "to speak with people who had the same experience" (53.7%). In contrast, lower scores were observed in the assistance and treatments needs regarding intimacy (11.6%), "better attention from nurses" (15.8%), "more help with eating, dressing, and going to the bathroom" (18.9%). Lung ACPs reported more assistance and treatment needs than colon and breast ACPs (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: ACPs reported many unmet needs, mainly informational, that were related to gender, age, and type of cancer. NEQ is a useful tool in everyday clinical practice for obtaining information for supportive care needs. Health care personnel has to address these needs for implementing effective patient-centered care.
Parenting Stress as a Mediator between Mental Health Consultation and Children’s Behavior
Authors: Bender Stacy L. , Carlson John S. , Egeren Laurie Van , Brophy-Herb Holly , Kirk Rosalind
Published: December 2016

Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation (ECMC) focuses on enhancing adults’ (e.g., parents) skills and abilities in order to improve children’s behavior. Limited research has examined parenting factors as mechanisms of change, which is important given the bidirectional nature of parent-child interactions. Parenting stress and its influence on children’s behavioral outcomes (behavior problems and protective factors) were investigated following the implementation of an Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation (ECMHC) program. Participants included parents that participated in the ECMHC program (n = 247) and a comparison group (n = 72) in the Midwest. Overall, parents in the ECMHC group experienced fewer dysfunctional parent-child interactions and less distress. Results indicated that parent-child dysfunctional interactions mediated the relationship between ECMHC and children’s behavior problems (CI = .001, .038) and protective factors (CI = -.061, -.001). Parental distress did not mediate the relationship between ECMHC and children’s behavior problems (CI = -.001, .016) or protective factors (CI = -.020, .001). Understanding the influence of stress and parent-child interactions is beneficial as these may be malleable and responsive to change if targeted in intervention. Examining mechanisms of change related to parents will allow for refinement of services and improved behavioral outcomes for children.
Ultrasonic Investigation of α-Amino Acids with Aqueous Solution of Urea at Different Temperatures: A Physicochemical Study
Authors: Malik Nazia , Khan Azhar U. , Naqvi Saeeda , Arfin Tanvir
Published: December 2016

The present paper reflects the ultrasonic investigations for exploring the inter-ionic interactions of various concentrations of α-amino acids such as L-Arginine, L-lysine monohydrochloride, and L-histidine in aqueous solutions of urea over a wide ranges of temperatures (298.15 to 323.15) K under atmospheric pressure. It also represent the detail showing that molecular interactions between the a-amino acids and urea has much dissociation of proteins in the solvent mixture. The study of ultrasonic speed  and sound velocity were successfully preformed on the liquid ternary mixtures. With the help of the above mentioned parameter, the values of isentropic compressibility, change in isentropic compressibility , relative change in isentropic compressibility , relative association , specific acoustic impedance , and apparent molal isentropic compressibility  were calculated. These parameters have been examined in term of the molecular associations such as ion-ion, ion-solvent, solute-solvent, solute-solute etc., and briefly described in terms of the structure-making ability corresponding to a-amino acids in the urea. Efforts have been taken to explore the dependency of the outcomes related to temperature and concentration.
Removal of Dyes of Textile Rejects by Activated Carbon
Authors: Elmerzouki K. , Bimaghra I. , Khalidi A.
Published: December 2016

The composition of wastewater from the textile industry varies enormously from one moment to another depending on the nature of the dyes used, the type of tissue, methods used and the concentration of added chemicals. In most cases the dye effluents are characterized by strong color, high temperatures, high and random values of pH, amounts of suspended solids and COD-concentrations close to the limit values set by the draft Moroccan standards.The study of turbidity indicates a variation between 120 and 190 NTU for the three samples. As for their conductivity varies between 5,2 and 20 mS.cm-1. Moreover their pH varies in the field of basic pH. Measuring the temperature of these three samples showed values varying between 25 and 30 Â° C. The levels of suspended solids range between 146,8 and 514,7 mg L-1.The results show that the measured absorbance at 436 nm decreased to 2,020 A and it stabilizes at this value. To the absorbance of the color measured at 525 nm decreases to 3,072 A and it stabilizes. The absorbance measured at the wavelength 620 nm decreases and reaches a minimum value of 1, 918 A after ten hours.
Chemical bonding structural analysis of nitrogen-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond/hydrogenated amorphous carbon composite films prepared by coaxial arc plasma deposition
Authors: Gima Hiroki , Zkria Abdelrahman , Katamune Yūki , Ohtani Ryota , Koizumi Satoshi , Yoshitake Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2016

Nitrogen-doped ultra-nanocrystalline diamond/hydrogenated amorphous carbon composite films prepared in hydrogen and nitrogen mixed-gas atmospheres by coaxial arc plasma deposition with graphite targets were studied electrically and chemical-bonding-structurally. The electrical conductivity was increased by nitrogen doping, accompanied by the production of n-type conduction. From X-ray photoemission, near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure, hydrogen forward-scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectral results, it is expected that hydrogen atoms that terminate diamond grain boundaries will be partially replaced by nitrogen atoms and, consequently, π C–N and C=N bonds that easily generate free electrons will be formed at grain boundaries.
Beaming of intense AKR seen from the Interball‐2 spacecraft
Authors: Schreiber R. , Panchenko M. , Hanasz J. , Mutel R. , Christopher I.
Published: December 2016

We present results of intense auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) sources direction finding based on single‐spacecraft
vector source location performed in the frame of Interball‐2 mission (POLRAD experiment on board Auroral Probe). With our swept frequency analyzer we are not able to work with single AKR bursts generated in small, elementary sources, but we improve our signal‐to‐noise (s/n) ratio and determine direction to the AKR source region averaging data over 10 consecutive 4 kHz frequency steps. Measurements of directions to the AKR sources confirm recent Mutel et al. () findings based on Cluster Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) data—AKR rays are mostly confined to the direction tangent to the auroral oval as measured in Mutel's tangent plane (TP) coordinates. In this paper we use additional coordinate system rotated with respect to TP coordinates in order to determine azimuths of AKR rays with respect to the auroral oval. We see cases of AKR propagation significantly deflected from the tangent plane. Additional information concerning geometry of auroral arc at the AKR source can help to distinguish between propagation along and propagation across the auroral cavity. Examples of instantaneous AKR visibility maps defined in this paper for both coordinate systems are shown and discussed. Using such map (valid for our spacecraft for relatively short observational periods of the order of 10 min), it is possible for known positions of the AKR sources in invariant latitude‐magnetic local time coordinates to visualize direction angles of AKR beams reaching the observer.
Pan‐Arctic river discharge: Prioritizing monitoring of future climate change hot spots
Authors: Bring Arvid , Shiklomanov Alexander , Lammers Richard B.
Published: December 2016

The Arctic freshwater cycle is changing rapidly, which will require adequate monitoring of river flows to detect, observe, and understand changes and provide adaptation information. There has, however, been little detail about where the greatest flow changes are projected, and where monitoring therefore may need to be strengthened. In this study, we used a set of recent climate model runs and an advanced macro‐scale hydrological model to analyze how flows across the continental pan‐Arctic are projected to change and where the climate models agree on significant changes. We also developed a method to identify where monitoring stations should be placed to observe these significant changes, and compared this set of suggested locations with the existing network of monitoring stations. Overall, our results reinforce earlier indications of large increases in flow over much of the Arctic, but we also identify some areas where projections agree on significant changes but disagree on the sign of change. For monitoring, central and eastern Siberia, Alaska, and central Canada are hot spots for the highest changes. To take advantage of existing networks, a number of stations across central Canada and western and central Siberia could form a prioritized set. Further development of model representation of high‐latitude hydrology would improve confidence in the areas we identify here. Nevertheless, ongoing observation programs may consider these suggested locations in efforts to improve monitoring of the rapidly changing Arctic freshwater cycle.
Lower hybrid frequency range waves generated by ion polarization drift due to electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves: Analysis of an event observed by the Van Allen Probe B
Authors: Khazanov G. V. , Boardsen S. , Krivorutsky E. N. , Engebretson M. J. , Sibeck D. , Chen S. , Breneman A.
Published: December 2016

We analyze a wave event that occurred near noon between 07:03 and 07:08 UT on 23 February 2014 detected by the Van Allen Probes B spacecraft, where waves in the lower hybrid frequency range (LHFR) and electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are observed to be highly correlated, with Pearson correlation coefficient of ~0.86. We assume that the correlation is the result of LHFR wave generation by the ions' polarization drift in the electric field of the EMIC waves. To check this assumption the drift velocities of electrons and H+, He+, and O+ ions in the measured EMIC wave electric field were modeled. Then the LHFR wave linear instantaneous growth rates for plasma with these changing drift velocities and different plasma compositions were calculated. The time distribution of these growth rates, their frequency distribution, and the frequency dependence of the ratio of the LHFR wave power spectral density (PSD) parallel and perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field to the total PSD were found. These characteristics of the growth rates were compared with the corresponding characteristics of the observed LHFR activity. Reasonable agreement between these features and the strong correlation between EMIC and LHFR energy densities support the assumption that the LHFR wave generation can be caused by the ions' polarization drift in the electric field of an EMIC wave.
Relative contributions of momentum forcing and heating to high‐latitude lower thermospheric winds
Authors: Kwak Young‐Sil , Richmond Arthur D.
Published: December 2016

We discuss the significance of potential vorticity in the thermosphere and quantify the relative contributions of momentum forcing and heating to its total time derivative in the high‐latitude lower thermosphere during the southern hemisphere summertime for negative interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz conditions on the basis of numerical simulations. A term analysis of the potential vorticity equation for weak or strong southward IMF (Bz = −2.0 nT or −10.0 nT) gives the following results: the ratios of the momentum forcing term to the heating term at 142, 123, and 111 km altitudes for IMF Bz = −2.0 nT are roughly 6:1, 4:1, and 2:1, respectively, indicating that the momentum forcing term makes the larger contribution to the total time derivative of the potential vorticity, although the relative contribution of the momentum forcing weakens with descending altitude. The ratios of the momentum forcing term to the heating term at 142, 123, and 111 km altitudes for IMF Bz = −10.0 nT are roughly 3:1, 2:1, and 1:1, indicating that, at higher altitudes, the momentum forcing term makes the larger contribution to the total time derivative of the potential vorticity, but the relative contributions of momentum forcing and heating are comparable at lower altitudes. A comparison of the heating term and the momentum forcing term for IMF Bz = −2.0 nT and IMF Bz = −10.0 nT conditions indicates that the heating term increases more significantly than the momentum forcing term as IMF Bz becomes more negative.
Comment on “Effects of electron temperature anisotropy on proton mirror instability evolution” by Ahmadi et al. (2016)
Authors: Remya B. , Reddy R. V. , Tsurutani B. T. , Lakhina G. S.
Published: December 2016

In a recent paper, Ahmadi et al. (2016) analyze the effect of electron temperature anisotropy on proton mirror instability. They find that the electron whistler instability grows faster and consumes all the available electron free energy so that no anisotropy is left to fuel the proton mirror mode growth. In this comment we present both observational and theoretical arguments about why we think this is incorrect.
A statistical study on hot flow anomaly current sheets
Authors: Zhao L. L. , Zhang H. , Zong Q.‐G.
Published: December 2016

Hot flow anomalies (HFAs) are phenomena frequently observed near Earth's bow shock and form when the interplanetary discontinuities interact with Earth's bow shock. We perform a statistical study to determine what kind of discontinuities are more efficient to generate HFAs. We use strict criteria to identify classic HFAs, excluding similar foreshock phenomena such as spontaneous hot flow anomalies (SHFAs) and foreshock bubbles. Our results show that magnetic field on at least one side of the interplanetary discontinuities has to be connected to the bow shock in order to form HFAs. Discontinuities with large shear angles are more efficient to form HFAs. The thickness of current sheets and the thickness of HFAs are strongly correlated and current sheets with thickness from 1000 km to 3162 km are more efficient to form HFAs. Of the HFAs, 74% have the electric field pointing toward the current sheet on the leading side and 72% have the electric field pointing toward the current sheet on the trailing side. In addition, the variations of plasma parameters and the magnetic field of HFAs with E inward on both sides are more dramatic than those with E inward on only one side. An HFA is more likely to form when the reflected flow from the bow shock is along the discontinuity.