bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Management of Contemporary Art Galleries: A Delphi Survey for the Spanish Art Market
Authors: Mateos-Ronco Alicia , Peiró Torralba Nieves
Published: January 2019

The art market operates in a very different way from conventional economic markets, ranging from its behaviors of supply and demand, the trading of goods, and the economic agents intervening in it. In addition, it is a highly unregulated market, with very little standardized information in economic terms. This paper focuses on art galleries, which are the most influential intermediaries in the Spanish primary contemporary fine-art market and perform a role that goes beyond the mere distribution of works of art. This study develops and applies a prospective methodology based on the subjective information compiled by experts, known as the Delphi method, to identify and evaluate the factors that determine the current situation and future outlook for Spanish contemporary art galleries. The results show, on one hand, that the method employed constitutes a valid option to provide reliable information. In addition, they show that the survival of these organizations will depend on their ability to adapt to the changing conditions of the economic environment, reactivating and internationalizing demand, and redirecting their business model towards sustainable management by implementing appropriate business management models and techniques.
Learning to Navigate (in) the Anthropocene
Authors: Decuypere Mathias , Hoet Hanne , Vandenabeele Joke
Published: January 2019

Over the last decades, the extent of human impact on Earth and the atmosphere has been the subject of large-scale scientific investigations. It is increasingly argued that this impact is of a geologically-significant magnitude, to the extent that we have entered a new geological epoch—the Anthropocene. However, the field of Higher Education for Sustainable Development (HESD) research has been slow in engaging in the Anthropocene debates. This article addresses that research gap by offering a theoretical analysis of the role and position of HESD, and more particularly of the lecturer and the student, within the Anthropocene. At present, the majority of HESD research can be categorized as either instrumental or emancipatory. This article’s central aim is to develop a third, navigational approach toward HESD research. In order to do so, the article first argues that developing understandings of the Anthropocene reconfigure traditional humanist conceptualizations of time, space and collectives. The article proceeds with advancing new, relational conceptualizations of educational spaces (as learning milieus), educational times (as rhythms that slow the present) and learning (as a situated activity that takes place through belonging). Embedded within these new conceptualizations, the proposed navigational approach aims to enable educational actors to orient themselves and to consequently navigate in, and to learn by making connections with, our more-than-human world.
Urban Form and Mobility Choices: Informing about Sustainable Travel Alternatives, Carbon Emissions and Energy Use from Transportation in Swedish Neighbourhoods
Authors: Stojanovski Todor
Published: January 2019

The lack of mobility choices in many Swedish neighbourhoods and cities designed for automobiles hinders the possibilities to shift towards more sustainable travel alternatives. Urban designers and planners can help with redesigning these neighbourhoods and creating urban forms that encourage walking, cycling and increased use of public transportation if they are informed about the environmental performance and carbon implications of transportation systems in existing and newly planned neighbourhoods. This paper proposes a mobility choices model based on urban form and accessibility factors commonly used in urban planning and design practices. The mobility choices model produces heat maps and visually informs about the integration with walking, cycling, public transportation and private car, modal shares, carbon emissions and transportation energy use. This information can (potentially) trigger urban transformation or redesign to better integrate sustainable travel alternatives in these neighbourhoods and contribute to more sustainable cities. Many houses can have an excellent environmental performance as buildings but they can be located at a distance where it is impossible to walk, cycle or use public transportation. The benefits of energy efficient and carbon neutral home then disappears with extensive travel and commuting by automobile.
On a ℤ2n-Graded Version of Supersymmetry
Authors: Bruce Andrew
Published: January 2019

We extend the notion of super-Minkowski space-time to include Z 2 n -graded (Majorana) spinor coordinates. Our choice of the grading leads to spinor coordinates that are nilpotent but commute amongst themselves. The mathematical framework we employ is the recently developed category of Z 2 n -manifolds understood as locally ringed spaces. The formalism we present resembles N -extended superspace (in the presence of central charges), but with some subtle differences due to the exotic nature of the grading employed.
Simultaneous Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Multi-Class Chemical Contaminants in Maize and Peanut with One-Stop Sample Preparation
Authors: Wang Du , Zhu Jianguo , Zhang Zhaowei , Zhang Qi , Zhang Wen , Yu Li , Jiang Jun , Chen Xiaomei , Wang Xuefang , Li Peiwu
Published: January 2019

Multi-class chemical contaminants, such as pesticides and mycotoxins, are recognized as the major risk factors in agro products. It is thus necessary to develop rapid and simple sensing methods to fulfill the on-site monitoring of multi-class chemical contaminants with different physicochemical properties. Herein, a lateral flow immunoassay via time-resolved fluorescence was developed for the rapid, on-site, simultaneous, and quantitative sensing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEA), and chlorothalonil (CTN) in maize and peanut. The sample preparation was optimized to a single step, combining the grinding and extraction. Under optimal conditions, the sensing method lowered the limits of detection (LOD) to 0.16, 0.52, and 1.21 µg/kg in maize and 0.18, 0.57, and 1.47 µg/kg in peanut with an analytical range of 0.48–20, 1.56–200, and 3.63–300 µg/kg for AFB1, ZEA and CTN, respectively. The protocol could be completed within 15 min, including sample preparation and lateral flow immunoassay. The recovery range was 83.24–110.80%. An excellent correlation was observed between this approach and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for mycotoxins and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for pesticide in maize and peanut. This work could be applied in on-site multi-class sensing for food safety.
Prey Lysate Enhances Growth and Toxin Production in an Isolate of Dinophysis acuminata
Authors: Gao Han , Tong Mengmeng , An Xinlong , Smith Juliette L.
Published: January 2019

The physiological and toxicological characteristics of Dinophysis acuminata have been increasingly studied in an attempt to better understand and predict diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) events worldwide. Recent work has identified prey quantity, organic nitrogen, and ammonium as likely contributors to increased Dinophysis growth rates and/or toxicity. Further research is now needed to better understand the interplay between these factors, for example, how inorganic and organic compounds interact with prey and a variety of Dinophysis species and/or strains. In this study, the exudate of ciliate prey and cryptophytes were investigated for an ability to support D. acuminata growth and toxin production in the presence and absence of prey, i.e., during mixotrophic and phototrophic growth respectively. A series of culturing experiments demonstrated that the addition of ciliate lysate led to faster dinoflagellate growth rates (0.25 ± 0.002/d) in predator-prey co-incubations than in treatments containing (1) similar levels of prey but without lysate (0.21 ± 0.003/d), (2) ciliate lysate but no live prey (0.12 ± 0.004/d), or (3) monocultures of D. acuminata without ciliate lysate or live prey (0.01 ± 0.007/d). The addition of ciliate lysate to co-incubations also resulted in maximum toxin quotas and extracellular concentrations of okadaic acid (OA, 0.11 ± 0.01 pg/cell; 1.37 ± 0.10 ng/mL) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1, 0.20 ± 0.02 pg/cell; 1.27 ± 0.10 ng/mL), and significantly greater total DSP toxin concentrations (intracellular + extracellular). Pectenotoxin-2 values, intracellular or extracellular, did not show a clear trend across the treatments. The addition of cryptophyte lysate or whole cells, however, did not support dinoflagellate cell division. Together these data demonstrate that while certain growth was observed when only lysate was added, the benefits to Dinophysis were maximized when ciliate lysate was added with the ciliate inoculum (i.e., during mixotrophic growth). Extrapolating to the field, these culturing studies suggest that the presence of ciliate exudate during co-occurring dinoflagellate-ciliate blooms may indirectly and directly exacerbate D. acuminata abundance and toxigenicity. More research is required, however, to understand what direct or indirect mechanisms control the predator-prey dynamic and what component(s) of ciliate lysate are being utilized by the dinoflagellate or other organisms (e.g., ciliate or bacteria) in the culture if predictive capabilities are to be developed and management strategies created.
Escherichia hermannii Infections in Humans: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ioannou Petros
Published: January 2019

Eshcerichia hermannii is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae, first described in 1982 and reclassified as a distinct species in the Escherichia genus after identifying biochemical and genomic differences from E. coli. It is a rare cause of human infections and is supposed to be a co-infector rather than an autonomous cause of infection. The aim of this systematic review was to record and evaluate all available evidence regarding human infections by E. hermannii. A systematic review of PubMed (through 21 December 2018) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological information, as well as treatment data and outcomes of E. hermannii infections was performed. A total of 16 studies, containing data of 17 patients, were eventually included in the analysis. The most common E. hermannii infections were bacteremias, urinary tract, and central nervous system infections. The complication rate, like the occurrence of sepsis, was high. Cephalosporins and aminoglycosides were the most common agents used for treatment. This systematic review describes bacterial infections by E. hermannii and provides information on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, antibiotic resistance, treatment, and outcomes associated with these infections.
Graviton Spectrum in Simplified Dark Matter Models with Graviton Mediators in the de Sitter Space
Authors: Vancea Ion Vasile
Published: January 2019

This is the second in a series of papers investigating the formulation of the simplified Dark Matter models with graviton mediators in cosmological backgrounds. We address here the crucial problem of the fundamental observable of interest, namely the graviton spectrum in an Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) cosmological background with an arbitrary Dark Matter background component. We calculate the correction to the free graviton two-point function up to the second order in the coupling constant between the Dark Matter and the graviton in the simplified Dark Matter model with graviton mediators approach in the de Sitter space. Our result is model independent in the sense that it does not depend on the particular form of the Dark Matter fields. In addition, due to the universality of the interaction between the Dark Matter and the graviton, the result obtained here applies to the interaction between the baryonic matter and the gravitons. As an application, we discuss in detail the massive scalar Dark Matter model and calculate the first order correction to the two-point function due to two Dark Matter modes in the adiabatic regime.
Time to Micromanage the Pathogen-Host-Vector Interface: Considerations for Vaccine Development
Authors: Manning Jessica E. , Cantaert Tineke
Published: January 2019

The current increase in vector-borne disease worldwide necessitates novel approaches to vaccine development targeted to pathogens delivered by blood-feeding arthropod vectors into the host skin. A concept that is gaining traction in recent years is the contribution of the vector or vector-derived components, like salivary proteins, to host-pathogen interactions. Indeed, the triad of vector-host-pathogen interactions in the skin microenvironment can influence host innate and adaptive responses alike, providing an advantage to the pathogen to establish infection. A better understanding of this “bite site” microenvironment, along with how host and vector local microbiomes immunomodulate responses to pathogens, is required for future vaccines for vector-borne diseases. Microneedle administration of such vaccines may more closely mimic vector deposition of pathogen and saliva into the skin with the added benefit of near painless vaccine delivery. Focusing on the ‘micro’–from microenvironments to microbiomes to microneedles–may yield an improved generation of vector-borne disease vaccines in today’s increasingly complex world.
Catalysis of linear alkene metathesis by Grubbs-type ruthenium alkylidene complexes containing hemilabile α,α-diphenyl-(monosubstituted-pyridin-2-yl)methanolato ligands
Authors: Tole Tegene T , Jordaan Johan H L , Vosloo Hermanus C M
Published: January 2019

Four new Grubbs-type precatalysts [RuCl(H2IMes)(O^N)(=CHPh)], where [O^N = α,α-diphenyl-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)methanolato, α,α-diphenyl-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)methanolato, α,α-diphenyl-(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)methanolato and α,α-diphenyl-(3-methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanolato] were synthesized and tested for their activity, stability and selectivity in the 1-octene metathesis reaction. Overall the precatalysts showed good activity and high stability for the metathesis of 1-octene at temperatures above 80 °C and up to 110 °C. Selectivities towards the primary metathesis products, i.e., 7-tetradecene and ethene, above 85% were obtained with all the precatalysts at 80 and 90 °C. High selectivities were also observed at 100 °C for the 4-Me- and 3-OMe-substituted precatalysts. With an increase in temperature an increase in isomerisation products and secondary metathesis products were observed with the latter reaching values >20% for the 3-OMe- and 3-Me-substituted precatalysts at 110 and 100 °C, respectively. All the precatalysts exhibits first-order kinetics at 80 °C with the 3-substituted precatalysts the slowest. The behaviour of the 3-substituted precatalysts can be attributed to electronic and steric effects associated with the adjacent bulky phenyl groups.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF BIODEGRADATION PROCESSES IN FOOD WASTE WITH DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF MOISTURE
Authors: Baltrėnas Pranas , Jankaitė Audronė , Raistenskis Ervinas
Published: January 2019

The today's world faces a rapid increase of population and thus a growing amount of generated waste. Unsorted municipal waste is transported to landfills. The negative environmental impact of a landfill is related with generated odours, polluted leachate and waste itself. Most of present landfills do not meet minimal environmental and sanitary requirements, i e most of landfills do not have an installed leachate collection system. In Lithuania waste management is related with many problems. The municipal waste collection system is inefficient, and the equipment is outdated. Large amounts of recyclable waste materials mixed with other wastes are still disposed in landfills. Aiming to use anaerobic digestion technologies for organic waste and minimize their negative environmental impact, recyclables need to be separated. The paper gives information about experimental investigation with fruit, vegetable and meat waste humidified with addition of moisture to 75 %, 79 % and 85 %. The experiment lasted for 60 days, and the concentration of methane and oxygen as well as temperature changes in vessels were observed. The results showed that in 50 l containers of mixed waste set with moisture to 85 % higher amounts of methane were produced than in those humidified with less water.
EXPLORING THE PROPERTIES OF COST OVERRUN RISK PROPAGATION NETWORK (CORPN) FOR PROMOTING COST MANAGEMENT
Authors: Chen Yun , Hu Zhigen , Liu Quan
Published: January 2019

Construction cost overrun chronically plagues contractors. To address the issue, numerous studies have explored cost overrun risks (CORs). Nevertheless, their methods of identifying risk relationship are susceptible to experts’ experience. In addition, they fail to unearth the relationship structure information and analyze the risk propagation effect. To fill these gaps, this paper intends to propose a methodology that integrates the engineering case analysis and complex network theory, so as to obtain a stable relationship structure and reveal its inherent property. First, 52 CORs and 158 risk paths are extracted from 156 engineering cases, followed by the establishment of a cost overrun risk propagation network (CORPN). Finally, the statistical properties of CORPN are explored. The results indicate that CORPN presents the topological property of heterogeneity. A large number of risk paths can be blocked through preventing the CORs with large total degree, like delay in construction period and engineering quantity increase. Meanwhile, CORPN shows the small-world property. The efficiency of risk propagation can be reduced through preventing the CORs with high betweenness centrality, such as lack of technical skill and experience. These findings contribute to the formulation of beforehand strategies that promote the cost management.
COPIOUS: A gold standard corpus of named entities towards extracting species occurrence from biodiversity literature
Authors: Nguyen Nhung , Gabud Roselyn , Ananiadou Sophia
Published: January 2019

Background

Species occurrence records are very important in the biodiversity domain. While several available corpora contain only annotations of species names or habitats and geographical locations, there is no consolidated corpus that covers all types of entities necessary for extracting species occurrence from biodiversity literature. In order to alleviate this issue, we have constructed the COPIOUS corpus—a gold standard corpus that covers a wide range of biodiversity entities.

Results

Two annotators manually annotated the corpus with five categories of entities, i.e. taxon names, geographical locations, habitats, temporal expressions and person names. The overall inter-annotator agreement on 200 doubly-annotated documents is approximately 81.86% F-score. Amongst the five categories, the agreement on habitat entities was the lowest, indicating that this type of entity is complex. The COPIOUS corpus consists of 668 documents downloaded from the Biodiversity Heritage Library with over 26K sentences and more than 28K entities. Named entity recognisers trained on the corpus could achieve an F-score of 74.58%. Moreover, in recognising taxon names, our model performed better than two available tools in the biodiversity domain, namely the SPECIES tagger and the Global Name Recognition and Discovery. More than 1,600 binary relations of Taxon-Habitat, Taxon-Person, Taxon-Geographical locations and Taxon-Temporal expressions were identified by applying a pattern-based relation extraction system to the gold standard. Based on the extracted relations, we can produce a knowledge repository of species occurrences.

Conclusion

The paper describes in detail the construction of a gold standard named entity corpus for the biodiversity domain. An investigation of the performance of named entity recognition (NER) tools trained on the gold standard revealed that the corpus is sufficiently reliable and sizeable for both training and evaluation purposes. The corpus can be further used for relation extraction to locate species occurrences in literature—a useful task for monitoring species distribution and preserving the biodiversity.
La Fédération française de tennis de table (FFTT) et ses clubs affiliés à l’épreuve du pouvoir (1927-1932) : de l’entre-soi à l’encadrement d’un succès sportif
Authors: Mousset Kilian
Published: January 2019

Créée à l’initiative d’une dizaine de clubs en mars 1927, la Fédération française de tennis de table n’évolue que très peu au cours de ses quatre premières années. Un centralisme parisien favorisant l’entre-soi de grands clubs limite ses initiatives de développement. La proximité de son règlement, de son calendrier, voire de certains dirigeants avec le lawn-tennis menace d’ailleurs directement son indépendance. Ce n’est qu’à l’aube de l’année 1932, dans un contexte où le ping-pong prend un essor sans précédent, que la jeune fédération s’ouvre à la province en décentralisant ses pouvoirs à l’échelle de la région, en diminuant les coûts d’affiliation des clubs par les initiatives de nouvelles personnalités issues du Comité de Paris.
Transcultural Reflection on Clinical Teaching Using an Experiential Teaching-Learning Model
Authors: Papai Pierrette , Bourbonnais Frances Fothergill , Chevrier Jacques
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Background: A 6-day professional development workshop was designed and implemented in China as part of a project funded by the Canadian International Development Association through the Canada-China University linkage program.

Method: Kolb's experiential learning model was used as a framework to help Chinese nurse educators reflect on their practice as clinical teachers.

Results: The workshop resulted in the generation of new insights by participants into their role as clinical teachers. Chinese educators wanted to increase their links between the teaching of theory at the college and the instruction of students in the practice setting.

Conclusion: The use of a similar approach in future professional development workshops allows presenters to identify nurses' learning needs regarding specific areas of nursing practice and education.
Evaluating the Blood Supply of the Femoral Head During Different Stages of Necrosis Using Digital Subtraction Angiography
Authors: Chi Zhiqiang , Wang Shuai , Zhao Dewei , Wang Benjie
Published: January 2019

The authors investigated changes in the blood supply of necrotic femoral heads using digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Digital subtraction angiography was used to evaluate the blood perfusion of osteonecrosis of the femoral head of 81 patients (81 hips). Necrotic hips were grouped according to the Association Research Circulation Osseous staging classification. Five parameters were assessed to evaluate the intraosseous blood supply of the necrotic femoral heads. The authors chose the most effective images retrospectively and measured the following parameters: the blood vessel diameter ratio between the medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA) and the deep femoral artery (DFA) (MCFA/DFA); the blood vessel diameter ratio between the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) and the DFA (LCFA/DFA); the ratio between the MCFA extending length and the width of the femoral neck (A); the number of vessels that reach or exceed line I (a, horizontal line through the junction of the upper femoral head and neck); and the number of vessels that reach or exceed line II (b, the boundary between the femoral head and neck). Significantly negative correlation with Association Research Circulation Osseous stage II to IV necrosis was found for A, a, and b. These parameters were significant (
P
<.05). Compared with the length and distribution of the vessels, differences in width (MCFA/DFA and LCFA/DFA) were not statistically significant in patients with Association Research Circulation Osseous stage II to IV necrosis. The relative length of the MCFA and the number of vessels above line I and line II are related to the severity of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, as revealed by DSA. Evaluation of blood supply by DSA can be used as one element to predict the fate of precollapsed femoral head. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(2):e210–e215.]
Le jardin hors du cadre
Authors: Lyvet Caroline
Published: January 2019

Le jardin est un espace qui sert habituellement de cadre aux nouvelles rassemblées en recueil au xviie siècle. Dans certains romans, il est véritablement lieu de l’action, décrit en détail. Dans ce cadre, il n’est pas toujours le locus amoenus topique de la tradition mais un espace qui porte concrètement les marques de la création humaine, de l’artifice, et qui peut symboliquement être bien plus que lieu de l’amour idéal ou de l’harmonie. Nous suggérerons aussi qu’il apparaît comme le lieu privilégié des échanges festifs et érudits et que les jeux de focalisation en font un véritable paysage, une construction qui témoignent peut-être d’un changement de relation à la Nature dès l’époque baroque.
Configuración de una voz poética piedra a piedra
Authors: Laguian Claire
Published: January 2019

Dans ce texte, nous étudions la poétisation des paysages de pierres dans les recueils d’Andrés Sánchez Robayna, poète espagnol contemporain, originaire des îles Canaries. Symbole réversible permettant de transcender la mort, le minéral recherche également l’épiphanie du sens en établissant des convergences temporelles et géométriques qui débouchent sur une écriture métapoétique du motif rocheux, capable de dire l’indicible par une plongée dans l’élémentaire.
Del thriller a la acción: la ciudad de Sevilla como plató cinematográfico
Authors: Tovar Vicente Mónica , Bogas Ríos María José
Published: January 2019

Séville est une des villes espagnoles du sud de la péninsule ibérique qui attire le plus le tourisme national et étranger. Avec une conception urbaine et architecturale où coexistent des styles différents, elle est devenue un plateau de tournage incontournable dans l’industrie touristique. Nombreuses sont les sections dédiées à la présentation de parcours et de sets métropolitains filmés sur les sites web officiels des grandes villes comme Paris, Rome ou Séville. Ceci fait l’objet de cet article : à travers l’analyse des trois longs métrages les plus référencés dans visitasevilla.es, on cherche à découvrir quelle Séville est représentée, quel rôle joue la métropole sévillane dans ce récit et quelle relation entretient-elle avec les différents personnages.
Numerical Modeling of Heat Transfer in Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille Systems
Authors: Hamidi K. , Rezoug T. , Poncet S.
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this work is to model turbulent Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille flows submitted to a temperature gradient. These flows are relevant in many industrial applications including rotating machineries and more especially for the effective cooling of electric motors. Several turbulence closures (k-ω SST, RSM and LES) are first compared in the isothermal case and validated against the reliable experimental data of Escudier and Gouldson [1]. A detailed analysis of the coherent structures within the boundary layers is proposed. The model offering the best compromise between computational cost and accuracy is then used to perform more computations in the configuration with a temperature gradient considered by Kuosa et al. [2]. In their system, the air flow enters the rotor-stator cavity radially. Correlations for the average Nusselt numbers along the rotor and stator as a function of the control parameters (rotation rate, air flow rate, Prandtl number) are provided and compared with data available in the literature [3].
Lineal Elastic Fracture Mechanics Analysis Applied for the Evaluation of the Structural Integrity of a Boiling Water Reactor Vessel Considering Neutronic Irradiation
Authors: Alvarez-Loya Irving , López Grijalba Yunuén , Carbajal-Figueroa Laura G. , Hernández-Gómez Luis Héctor , Ruiz-López Pablo , Beltrán-Fernández Juan Alfonso
Published: January 2019

This paper shows the methodology used for the evaluation of the structural integrity of a boiling water reactor (BWR-5). This evaluation is relevant, because this vessel is the coolant pressure boundary for cooling the nuclear core. In the case of this paper, an axial crack is postulated in the adjacent internal wall of a vessel to the core, which is denominated beltline. Such a crack is subjected to an internal pressure and neutron irradiation. Additionally, a crack on the inlet nozzle of the low-pressure coolant injection (LPCI) was also considered. The analysis presented in this paper, evaluated the transient conditions which take place during the start-up and shutdown of a BWR 5. The neutronic irradiation damage at the beltline was also incorporated to the analysis. It induces an embrittlement. Linear elastic fracture mechanics was applied with the requirements established at the Appendix G of ASME Code Section XI. The finite element method was used to simulate the transient conditions of the components considering the critical parameter, such as the service temperature, thickness, stresses and the material properties.
Effect of Velocity and Diffusion Functionality on Nonlinear Mass Transfer Mechanisms in Solvent Oil Recovery
Authors: Lorimer Shelley , Artymko Timothy
Published: January 2019

Literature has indicated that, experimentally, solvent fronts in hybrid solvent recovery processes progress more rapidly than what can be predicted using current approximations and more rapidly than thermal processes alone. Research using finite differences to model the nonlinear advection, diffusion and dispersion (ADD) equation suggests that nonlinear mass transfer effects are important in predicting the rate of solvent advance. Nonlinearities can be ascribed to both diffusion and flow velocity functionality. Earlier work using linear concentration dependent diffusion and log-linear velocity behaviour confirmed the importance of nonlinear effects when compared to linear theory that uses constant diffusion, dispersion and velocity coefficients. The mathematical nature of the nonlinear ADD equation further suggests that the shape of concentration dependent diffusion and flow velocity will affect the shape of the solvent concentration profiles, and influence the rate of propagation of the solvent front. This research focuses on results obtained using finite differences to explore the effects of various diffusion and velocity functionalities that affect the solvent rate propagation using a nonlinear ADD equation. The results obtained from this analysis indicate that these functionalities determine the shape of the solvent concentration profile. The concentration dependent diffusion and velocity functions were chosen according to recent literature which proposes experimentally obtained functions to more accurately model solvent penetration in the media. Preliminary results from this study suggest that the velocity functionality has more influence on the process at both the lab and field scales for the parameters considered in this study. The shapes of the concentration profiles are affected by both diffusion functionality and velocity functionality.
Analysis of the Geometric Constraints Employed in Constructal Design for Oscillating Water Column Devices Submitted to the Wave Spectrum through a Numerical Approach
Authors: Gomes Mateus das Neves , de Deus Matheus José , dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues , Isoldi Liércio André
Published: January 2019

This paper aims a numerical investigation about the fluid dynamic behavior of an oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converter (WEC) into electrical energy. Constructal design is employed to perform a geometric evaluation of an OWC WEC submitted a Pierson-Moskowitz wave spectrum. The objective function is to maximize the energy conversion. The hydropneumatic chamber volume (VHC) and the total OWC volume (VT) are adopted as geometric constraints. In the first stage, the values are constant during the maximization process. However, in a second stage they are changed according to the constraint variation (CV). One of the goals is to analyze the influence of the choice of this geometric constraints value on the OWC performance in relation to the wave spectrum. For this purpose, are considered three different scenarios: 1) VHyd is equal to the minimum incident wavelength (λmin), that is relative to the maximum frequency of the wave spectrum times the significant wave height (HS); 2) VHyd is equal to the peak incident wavelength (λpeak), that is relative to peak frequency of the wave spectrum times the significant wave height (HS); and 3)VHyd is equal to the maximum incident wavelength (λmax), that is relative to minimum frequency of the wave spectrum times the significant wave height (HS). To do so, constructal design is employed varying the degree of freedom (DOF) H1/L (ratio between the height and length of OWC chamber), while the others DOF’s H2/l (ratio between height and length of chimney) and H3 (lip submergence), are kept fixed. It is employed a Pierson-Moskowitz wave spectrum with significant period (TS) equal to 7.5 s and significant wave height (HS) equal to 1.5 m. For the numerical solution it is used the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code, based on the finite volume method (FVM). The multiphase volume of fluid (VOF) model is applied to tackle with the water-air interaction. The computational domain is represented by the OWC WEC coupled with the wave tank. The results showed that when CV = 2.25 for λmax and (H1/L)O = 0.2152 the highest average for power was obtained, nearly 18,000 W. While for λmin and (H1/L)O = 0.2193 it was smaller than 1,000 W. Besides, it was obtained a theoretical recommendation about the geometric constraints employed for the constructal design application, aiming the maximization of the OWC energy conversion from the incident wave spectrum.
Analysis of the Leakage-Flow-Induced Vibration of a Slip Joint in a Jet Pump of a Boiling Water Reactor
Authors: Castro Juan Cruz , Palafox E. Hernández , Sánchez I.A. Alarcón , Hernández-Gómez Luis Héctor , Ruiz-López Pablo , Molina A. Armenta
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the structural integrity of the jet pump assembly of a BWR during the performance of its operational and safety functions. The natural frequencies and vibration modes of the jet pump assembly immersed in water were determined. It was observed that the fourth mode shape was torsional, and its associated resonance frequency was 41.82 Hz. Also, the vibration induced by the flow in the leakage of the slip joint was analyzed with an axisymmetric model. The gap of the slip joint was varied from 0.2 mm until 0.65bmm. A gap between 0.6 and 0.64, would cause flow-induced vibration because this excitation frequency matches with the fourth natural frequency of the jet pump assembly. The above was carried out using computational fluid dynamics, as well as the finite element method, with ANSYS Structural and ANSYS Fluent codes.
Heat Treatments Effects on NickeI-Based Superalloy Inconel 713C
Authors: Galizoni Breno Boretti , Couto Antônio Augusto , Reis Danieli Aparecida Pereira
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this work is to study the effect of heat treatments on the microstructure of the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 713C. Three different conditions were studied and the results compared: (1) as cast; (2) solution treatment (1,179°C/2h) and (3) stabilizing treatment (1,179°C/2h plus 926°C/16h). Inconel 713C is normally used in the as-cast condition, an improvement in the 980°C stress-rupture life is often obtained by a solution heat treatment. However, the material in this condition tested under high stress at 730°C shows a marked decreased in rupture life and ductility [1]. The mechanical resistance in creep increases in Inconel 713C by precipitation hardening phase, such γ’ (Ni3Al) formed during the heat treatments [2]. The characterization techniques used was: chemical analysis, hardness test, X-ray diffraction, optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDS analyzes and thermocalculation. The heat treatments modified the dendritic structure, reducing the acicularity. The SEM and EDS analysis illustrated the γ, γ’ and carbides. The matrix phase (γ), has in its constitution the precipitation of the γ’ phase, in a cubic form, and in some regions, veins of carbides were modified with the heat treatments.
Measurement of the Thermal Properties of Innovative Highly-Insulating Non-Structural Concretes
Authors: Kušnerová Milena , Harničárová Marta , Valíček Jan , Palková Zuzana , Tkáč Zdenko , Panda Anton , Kmec Ján , Lukáč Ondrej
Published: January 2019

Thermal characteristic of insulation concretes is one of the key components in materials selection especially in civil constructions. In this article, non–tabulated material parameters of some innovative highly-insulating non-structural concretes are presented. The specific volumetric heat capacity, specific heat capacity, parameter of temperature diffusivity and thermal mass parameter of the innovative highly-insulating cementitious composites were determined. The experiments were conducted using a prototype automated calorimetric chamber. The measurement results are compared with those obtained by using a commercial multifunctional instrument (Isomet 2114) and are accompanied by the measurement of other significant thermal parameters of the cementitious composites under investigation. The results indicated that there is potential of using the newly created types of concrete for insulation purposes.
Epidemiology of Exertional Heat Illnesses in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes During the 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015 Academic Years
Authors: Yeargin Susan W. , Dompier Thomas P. , Casa Douglas J. , Hirschhorn Rebecca M. , Kerr Zachary Y.
Published: January 2019

Context

Exertional heat illnesses (EHIs) among football athletes have been widely researched, but data examining all collegiate sports are limited.

Objective

To describe the epidemiology of EHI in 25 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports.

Design

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting

The NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during the 2009–2010 through 2014–2015 academic years.

Patients or Other Participants

A voluntary sample of 166 NCAA institutions over 2048 team-seasons.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Athletic trainers reported EHIs to the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program. Only EHIs sustained during a sanctioned practice or competition were included. The EHI rate, specific diagnoses, and number of emergency transports were measured.

Results

Overall, 232 EHI events were reported (0.47/10 000 athlete-exposures [AEs]; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41, 0.53). Football comprised 75% of all EHI events and had the largest rate (1.55/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 1.32, 1.78). The overall EHI rate was higher in preseason practices (1.16/10 000 AEs) than all other time periods (regular and postseason practices and all competitions; 0.23/10 000 AEs, injury rate ratio [IRR] = 4.96; 95% CI = 3.79, 6.50). This result was retained when examining the individual sports of football (3.65/10 000 versus 0.63/10 000 AEs, IRR = 5.82; 95% CI = 4.18, 8.10), men's soccer (1.11/10 000 versus 0.07/10 000 AEs, IRR = 16.819; 95% CI = 1.89, 138.55), and women's soccer (1.10/10 000 versus 0.05/10 000 AEs, IRR = 22.52; 95% CI = 2.77, 183.05). The EHI rates were highest in states with elevated annual temperatures (1.05/10 000 AEs). Heat cramps (39%), heat exhaustion (27%), and dehydration (29%) were the most common types of EHI. Nineteen athletes with EHI (8%) required emergency transport.

Conclusions

Football players continue to experience the most EHIs; however, EHIs can potentially occur in all NCAA sports. Continued emphasis on preseason EHI policies and institution-specific environmental guidelines is needed to address EHI rates.
Sexually transmitted infections, the silent partner in HIV-infected women in Zimbabwe
Authors: Lowe Sara , Mudzviti Tinashe , Mandiriri Ardele , Shamu Tinei , Mudhokwani Petronella , Chimbetete Cleophas , Luethy Ruedi , Pascoe Margaret
Published: January 2019

Background: Coinfection rates of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are not widely reported in Zimbabwe and no local guidelines regarding the screening of STIs in people living with HIV exist.Objectives: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for STI coinfection in a cohort of HIV-infected women.Methods: Between January and June 2016, 385 HIV-infected women presenting for routine cervical cancer screening were tested for five STIs: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis(CT), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) type 2 and Treponema pallidum (TP). Socio-demographic characteristics and sexual history were recorded. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the diagnosis of non-viral STIs.Results: Two hundred and thirty-three participants (60.5%) had a confirmed positive result for at least one STI: HSV 2 prevalence 52.5%, TV 8.1%, CT 2.1%, NG 1.8% and TP 11.4%. Eighty-seven per cent of the women were asymptomatic for any STI; 62.3% of women with a non-viral STI were asymptomatic. Women who had attended tertiary education were 90% less likely to have a non-viral STI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.39, p < 0.01). Having more than three lifetime sexual partners was a significant predictor for a non-viral STI diagnosis (aOR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.5–7.2, p < 0.01).Conclusion: A high prevalence of predominantly asymptomatic STIs is reported in a cohort of HIV-infected women. Syndromic management results in underdiagnosis of asymptomatic patients. More than three lifetime sexual partners and less formal education are risk factors for coinfection with non-viral STI. High-risk women should be screened using aetiological methods.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology of gallbladder with an attempt of cytomorphological classification
Authors: Chandra Smita , Chandra Harish , Shukla Sushil Kumar , Sahu Shantanu
Published: January 2019

Background:

Image-guided fine-needle aspiration has emerged as an effective diagnostic tool for precise diagnosis of deep-seated lesions. Although occasional studies have made an attempt to classify the gallbladder carcinoma on cytology, literature lacks the standardized cytological nomenclature system used for it. The present study was conducted to study the role of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosis of gallbladder lesions with an attempt of cytomorphological classification.

Methods:

The study included cases of image-guided FNAC of the gallbladder over a period of 3½ years. An attempt was made to categorize gallbladder lesions on basis of architectural and cytomorphological features along with analysis of management.

Results:

The study included 433 cases and lesions were categorized on FNAC into five categories ranging from Category 1 (inadequate), Category 2 (negative for malignancy), Category 3 (atypical cells), Category 4 (highly atypical cells suggestive of malignancy), and Category 5 (positive for malignancy). The most common architectural pattern observed on FNAC of neoplasm was sheets and acini with predominance of columnar cells and adenocarcinoma being the most common malignancy. The histopathological diagnosis was available in 93 cases with cytohistopathological concordance of 94.4% in malignant cases.

Conclusions:

Image-guided FNAC plays an important role in diagnosis of gallbladder lesions with minimal complications. The cytomorphological classification of gallbladder lesions provides an effective base for accurate diagnosis and management. Category 3 and 4 are the most ambiguous category on FNAC which should be managed by either repeat FNAC or surgery in the light of worrisome radiological features. The vigilant examination of architectural pattern and cytomorphological features of the smears may be helpful in clinching the diagnosis and precisely subtyping malignant tumors along with prognostication of these tumors.
Двухцветные раскраски случайного гиперграфа
Authors: Semenov Aleksandr Sergeevich
Published: January 2019

Работа посвящена изучению пороговой вероятности для свойства наличия двухцветной раскраски специального вида у случайного $k$-однородного гиперграфа в биномиальной модели. В работе используются методы первого и второго моментов, при помощи которых получены верхняя и нижняя оценки для искомой пороговой вероятности.
Аппроксимация оператора эволюции математическими ожиданиями функционалов от сумм независимых случайных величин
Authors: Ibragimov Il'dar Abdullovich , Smorodina Natal'ya Vasil'evna , Faddeev Mikhail Mikhailovich
Published: January 2019

Предложен способ вероятностной аппроксимации в смысле сильной операторной сходимости оператора $e^{-itH}$, где $H=-\frac{1}{2} \frac{d^2}{dx^2}+V(x)$, $V\in L_\infty(\mathbf R)$. Аппроксимирующие операторы имеют вид математических ожиданий функционалов от сумм независимых одинаково распределенных случайных величин.
Effect of Neighborhood Sanitation Coverage on Fecal Contamination of the Household Environment in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Huda Tarique Md. Nurul , Schmidt Wolf-Peter , Pickering Amy J. , Unicomb Leanne , Mahmud Zahid Hayat , Luby Stephen P. , Biran Adam
Published: January 2019

Enteric pathogens can be transmitted within the household and the surrounding neighborhood. The objective of this study was to understand the effect of neighborhood-level sanitation coverage on contamination of the household environment with levels of fecal indicator bacteria in rural Bangladesh. We conducted spot-check observations of sanitation facilities in neighboring households (NHs) within a 20-m radius of target households with children aged 6–24 months. Sanitation facilities were defined as improved (a private pit latrine with a slab or better) or unimproved. Fecal coliforms (FCs) on children’s hands and sentinel toy balls were measured and used as indicators of household-level fecal contamination. We visited 1,784 NHs surrounding 428 target households. On average, sentinel toy balls had 2.11(standard deviation [SD] = 1.37) log10 colony-forming units (CFUs) of FCs/toy ball and children’s hands had 2.23 (SD = 1.15) log10 CFU of FCs/two hands. Access to 100% private improved sanitation coverage in the neighborhood was associated with a small and statistically insignificant difference in contamination of sentinel toy balls (difference in means = −0.13 log10 CFU/toy ball; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: −0.64, 0.39; P = 0.63) and children’s hands (difference in means = −0.11 log10 CFU/two hands; 95% CI: −0.53, 0.32; P = 0.62). Improved sanitation coverage in the neighborhood had limited measurable effect on FCs in the target household environment. Other factors such as access to improved sanitation in the household, absence of cow dung, presence of appropriate water drainage, and optimal handwashing practice may be more important in reducing FCs in the household environment.
The Critical Role of Compliance in Delivering Health Gains from Environmental Health Interventions
Authors: Brown Joe , Hayashi Michael A. L. , Eisenberg Joseph N. S.
Published: January 2019

Gains in reducing childhood disease burden rely heavily on effective means of preventing environmental exposures. For many environmental health interventions, such as point-of-use water treatment, sanitation, or cookstoves, exposures are strongly influenced by user behaviors and the degree to which participants adhere to the prescribed preventive measures. In this commentary, we articulate the need for increased attention on user behaviors—critically, the careful measurement and inclusion of compliance—to strengthen exposure assessment and health impact trials in environmental health intervention research. We focus here on water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to illustrate the problem with the understanding that this issue extends to other environmental health interventions.