bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleep Disorders are Associated with Testosterone Deficiency and Erectile Dysfunction- A U.S. Claims Database Analysis
Authors: Agrawal Pranjal , Singh Sajya , Able Corey , Kohn Taylor , Herati Amin
Published: August 2022

The relationship between male genitourinary conditions and sleep disorders has only been reported in small sample sizes. Our objective was to assess the association of erectile dysfunction (ED) and testosterone deficiency with various sleep disorders using a large claims database. The TriNetX Diamond database, a research network of over 220 million patients, was queried in June 2022. In men aged 40–70 years, insomnia (ICD-10 G47.0), sleep apnea (G47.33), and circadian rhythm sleep disorder (G47.2) were each independently assessed to determine the association with ED (N52) and testicular hypofunction (E29.1). A propensity-score-matched control cohort was generated with an absence of sleep disorders (G47 & F51), sleep deprivation (Z72.820), or morbid obesity with alveolar hypoventilation (E66.2). Propensity score matching was performed for age, hypertension (I10-16), hyperlipidemia (E78), diabetes mellitus (E08-13), ischemic heart disease (I20-25), tobacco usage (Z72.0), and obesity (E66). Sensitivity analyses were conducted via a negative polysomnography testing (CPT 1013314) cohort. Men diagnosed with a sleep disorder had significantly higher odds of testosterone deficiency and ED compared to propensity-score matched controls. Our results emphasize the negative impact of poor sleep on diseases of the male genitourinary system by identifying these relationships in the largest cohort in the U.S. reported to date.
Potential of hsa-miR200a-3p and hsa-miR502-3p as blood-based biomarker for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: biglari negin , Khalaj-Kondori Mohammad , Ghasemi Tayyebeh
Published: August 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most important known dementia which affects thousands of people every year. Many factors are involved in this process, such as aberrant expression of miRNAs. Firstly, we analyzed two microarray datasets related to AD (GSE48552, GSE129053) to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs, and two miRNAs were selected for further validation. Dataset analysis showed that the expression of hsa-miR200a-3p and hsa-miR502-3p were up-regulated in AD. These findings were validated in plasma samples by qRT-PCR. ROC curve analysis showed that plasma levels of both miRNAs might discriminate the AD and healthy controls. In addition, in silico analysis revealed that the upregulation of these miRNAs could promote AD progression via affecting the expression of target molecules mainly ATF6 and dynactin. Totally, hsa-miR200a-3p and hsa-miR502-3p are upregulated in AD and their plasma levels can discriminate AD and healthy people, highlighting their potential as blood-based biomarker for AD.
Refractive Index Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Excitation in a D-shaped optical fiber Coated by Tantalum
Authors: Vayghan Nader Sobhkhiz , Eftekharinia Behrooz
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a plasmonic refractive index sensor using a D-shaped optical fiber coated by tantalum has been proposed. The interaction between fiber fundamental mode and plasmonic mode which lead to the formation of resonance peaks depending on the analyte refractive index (RI) are investigated in detail. Using spectral sensitivity methods, the sensing performance of the proposed sensor for detecting analytes is numerically studied. The effect of various design parameters of proposed sensor are optimized numerically to achieve the maximumwavelength sensitivity. The proposed D-shaped optical fiber sensor has a RI detection range of 1.30 to 1.43 and exhibits a non-linear increasing spectral sensitivity from 1300 nm/RIU to 3900 nm/RIU. The proposed RI sensor is attractive for detecting different RI chemical and biochemical samples due to simple design, relatively large detection range, cost-effective, non-toxic nature and highly corrosion resistivity plasmonic material.
Clinico-Epidemiological Survey of Feline Parvovirus Circulating in Three Egyptian Provinces from 2020 to 2021
Authors: Abdel-Baky Mohamed , El-Khabaz Khaled , Ibrahim Maha
Published: August 2022

Feline parvovirus infection (FPV) is the most prevalent cause of fatal gastroenteritis in cats. Only a few reports of FPV infection in cats have been found in Egypt. Therefore, the current study was designed to detect FPV diseased cats in 3 Egyptian provinces. FPV diseased cats was detected based on clinical examination, viral antigen detection using a commercially available screening Ag rapid test kit, and molecular detection of VP-2 gene using specific primers. A total of 100 diseased cats were studied, with a variety of breeds, ages, and sexes. The cats suffered from some clinical anorexia, lethargy, fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, and/or mucoid to bloody diarrhea. These clinical signs were suggestive of FPV infection. The rapid screening test detected the infection in 35 out of 100 diseased cats, while PCR revealed the presence of the FPV infection in 43 diseased cats. Prevalence of FPV infection in Suhag, Assuit, and Cairo was 56.25%, 24.2%, and 25.7%, using rapid test and 62.5%, 27%, and 40% using PCR, respectively. Cats under the age of one year, mainly between the ages of one to six months, and unvaccinated cats had higher infection rates, particularly in the spring and winter. In addition, the relationship between clinical signs of the disease and molecular detection of FPV was extensively investigated. It could be concluded that FPV circulated among Egyptian cat populations, and the knowledge obtained in this study would help initiate preventive measures in the study areas.
Primary cilia control cellular patterning and dimension of Meibomian glands during morphogenesis but not lipid composition of the meibum
Authors: Portal Céline , Lin Yvonne , Rastogi Varuni , Peterson Cornelia , Yiu Samuel , Foster James , Wilkerson Amber , Butovich Igor , Iomini Carlo
Published: August 2022

Meibomian glands (MGs) are modified sebaceous glands which produce the tear film's lipid component. Despite their critical function in maintaining clear vision, the mechanisms underlying MG morphogenesis during development and disease pathogenesis remain obscure. We investigated the role of primary cilia during MG development. Most cells were ciliated during early MG development, followed by cilia disassembly during differentiation. In mature glands, ciliated cells were primarily restricted to the basal layer of the proximal gland central duct. Cilia ablation in keratine14-expressing tissue disrupted the accumulation of proliferative cells at the distal tip of developing MGs but did not affect overall rate of proliferation or apoptosis. Moreover, impaired cellular patterning and elongation processes resulted in hypertrophy of mature MGs with increased meibum volume without altering lipid composition. We demonstrate a novel role of cilia in tissue patterning which may reveal new therapeutic strategies to treat ocular surface disease caused by MG dysfunction.
Oil Palm Yield Prediction Across Blocks Using Multi-Source Data and Machine Learning
Authors: Ang Yuhao , Shafri Helmi Zulhaidi Mohd , Lee Yang Ping , Bakar Shahrul Azman , Abidin Haryati , Junaidi Mohd Umar Ubaydah Mohd , Hashim Shaiful Jahari , Che’Ya Nik Norasma , Hassan Mohd Roshdi , Lim Hwee San , Abdullah Rosni , Yusup Yusri , Muhammad Syahidah Akmal , Teh Sin Yin , Samad Mohd Na’aim
Published: August 2022

Predicting yields on a bigger scale in a timely and accurate manner is essential for preventing climate risk and ensuring food security, particularly in the light of climate change and the escalation of extreme climatic events. Furthermore, crop yield estimates are affected by various factors including weather, nutrients and management practices. In this study, integrating multi-source data (i.e. satellite-derived vegetation indices (VIs), satellite-derived climatic variables (i.e. land surface temperature (LST) and rainfall precipitation, weather station and field-surveys), we built one multiple linear regression (MLR), three machine learnings (XGBoost, support vector regression, and random forest) and one deep learning (deep neural network) model to predict oil palm yield at block-level within the oil palm plantation. Moreover, time-series moving average and backward elimination feature selection techniques were implemented at the pre-processing stage. The yield prediction models were developed and tested using MLR, XGBoost, support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF) and deep neural network (DNN) algorithms. Their model performances were then compared using evaluation metrics and generated the final spatial prediction map based on the best performance. DNN achieved the best model performances for both selected (R2=0.91; RMSE= 2.92 tonnes per ha; MAE= 2.56 tonnes per ha and MAPE= 0.09) and full predictors (R2=0.76; RMSE of 3.03 tonnes per ha; MAE of 2.88 tonnes per ha; MAPE of 0.10 tonnes per ha). In addition, advanced ensemble ML techniques such as XGBoost may be utilised as a supplementary for oil palm yield prediction at the block level. Among them, MLR recorded the lowest performance. By using backward elimination to identify the most significant predictors, the performance of all models was improved by 5% - 26% for R2, and that decreased by 3% - 31% for RMSE, 7% - 34% for MAE, and 1% - 15% for MAPE, respectively. DNN generates the most accurate statistical metrics, with an increase of around 15% for R2, 11% for RMSE, 32% for MAE and 1% for MAPE. Our study successfully developed efficient, effective and accurate yield prediction models for timely predicting oil palm yield over a large area by integrating data from multiple sources. These can be potentially handled by plantation management to estimate oil palm yields to speed up the decision-making process for sustainable production.
Deployment of Renewable Energy Sources: Empirical Evidence in Identifying Clusters with Dynamic Time Warping
Authors: Maharaj Elizabeth Ann , De Giovanni Livia , D'Urso Pierpaolo , Bhattacharya Mita
Published: August 2022

Deployment of renewable energy sources has caused a seismic shift in the world energy arena. Individual and coordinated efforts across countries and regions are shaping the world for the future, including business models which are supported globally to achieve net zero goals by 2050. In this paper, our aim is to identify clusters of countries at different levels of deployment of renewable energy sources. We propose a time series clustering method capturing the time-varying features of the renewable energy time series of 130 countries to enable the assessment of how similar or how different the usage is in relation to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) status of countries, their regional location and their income levels. We use Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) which is a method that calculates an optimal match between two given time series with certain restrictions. Using DTW, we the adopt the Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) technique in a fuzzy framework to obtain cluster solutions. Our analysis shows that a 4-cluster solution best captures country separation based on OECD status, regional location and income grouping. Since renewable energy clusters share common advantages and difficulties in terms of transferring the key characteristics in deploying renewable energy resources across countries and regions, grouping together of countries could capture similarities or differences that has the potential to lead to common decisions that could benefit the countries in the same group.
Molecular characteristics of arteries in patients with intracranial aneurysm: integration of WES and RNA-seq
Authors: Chen Bo , Zeng Ming , Yan Langchao , Wang Ying , Song Laixin , Tao Wengui , Huang Zheng , Chen Fenghua
Published: August 2022

Genetic and vascular morphology research suggested intracranial aneurysm (IA) may not be a local artery disease. IA initiation may be correlated with the histological and molecular changes of arteries. We used whole-exome sequencing (WES) of blood and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of superficial temporal artery (STA) to explore the artery molecular characteristics of IA under the genetic background, and try to find the potential mechanism of the IA initiation. Fifty IA patients’ and 40 controls’ blood samples were enrolled in WES; 10 IA patients’ and 5 controls’ STA were included in RNA-seq. Bioinformatic analysis was performed. RT-qPCR was used for validation. We analyze the cell types of STA by the xCell algorithm, and conducted a correlation analysis between the endothelium and mutation genes. We identified 2118 genes via RNA-seq, and via WES 43 genes harboring 54 potential deleterious variants. Four genes (ALDH1L2, KCNJ12, SPNS2, TUBB8) had both variants and differential expressions. Xcell algorithms showed that the expression of mutation genes KCNJ12 and SPSN2 were strongly associated with decreasing endothelial cells on STA and higher IA risks. KCN12 and SPSN2 expressions have been validated by RT-qPCR. In total, we have described the artery molecular characteristics of IAs by RNA-seq and WES. A total of two gene mutations (KCNJ12 and SPSN2) were found potentially to facilitate IA initiation by decreasing EC expression in brain arteries.
Strong convergent inertial two-subgradient extragradient method for finding minimum-norm solutions of variational inequality problems
Authors: Alakoya Timilehin Opeyemi , Mewomo Oluwatosin Temitope
Published: August 2022

In 2012, Censor et al. [11] proposed the two-subgradient extragradient method (TSEGM). This method does not require computing projection onto the feasible (closed and convex) set, but rather the two projections are made onto some half-space. However, the convergence of the TSEGM was puzzling and hence posted as open question. Very recently, some authors were able to provide a partial answer to the open question by establishing weak convergence result for the TSEGM though under some stringent conditions. In this paper, we propose and study an inertial two-subgradient extragradient method (ITSEGM) for solving monotone variational inequality problems (VIPs) with non-Lipschitz operators. Under more relaxed conditions than the existing results in the literature, we prove that proposed method converges strongly to a minimum-norm solution of non-Lipschitz monotone VIPs in Hilbert spaces. Unlike several of the existing methods in the literature for solving VIPs with non-Lipschitz operators, our method does not require any linesearch technique, which could be time-consuming to implement. Rather, we employ a simple but very efficient self-adaptive step size method that generates a non-monotonic sequence of step sizes. Moreover, we present several numerical experiments to demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed method in comparison with related results in the literature. Finally, we apply our result to image restoration problem. Our result in this paper improves and generalizes the existing results in the literature in this direction.
Mid-level data fusion combined with the fingerprint region in near-infrared and Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy for classification DON levels defect of Fusarium head blight wheat
Authors: Liang Kun , Song Jinpeng , Tang Shiyu , Wang Dezhou , Jiang Pengfei , Cao Bin
Published: August 2022

In this study, a method of mid-level data fusion with the fingerprint region was proposed, which was combined with the characteristic wavelengths that contain fingerprint information in NIR and FT-MIR spectra to detect the DON level in FHB wheat during wheat processing. NIR and FT-MIR raw spectroscopy data on normal wheat and FHB wheat were obtained in the experiment. MSC was used for pretreatment, and characteristic wavelengths were extracted by CARS, MGS and XLW. The variables that can effectively reflect fingerprint information were retained to build the mid-level data fusion matrix. LS-SVM and PLS-DA were applied to investigate the performance of the single spectroscopic model, mid-level data fusion model and mid-level data fusion with fingerprint information model, respectively. Experimental results show that mid-level data fusion with a fingerprint information strategy based on fused NIR and FT-MIR spectra represents an effective method for the classification of DON levels in FHB wheat samples.
Measurement of Frequency-Dependent Storage and Loss Shear Moduli at kHz Frequencies using Optical Coherence Elastography
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Lefevre Victor , Balogun Oluwaseyi
Published: August 2022

Nondestructive viscoelastic characterization of soft elastomers and biological materials is crucial to the development of functional elastomeric devices or understanding physiological responses of biomaterials to mechanical stimuli. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) methods based on stress waves have been demonstrated to be capable of measuring viscoelastic properties of soft materials at several kHz. However, most studies rely on single relaxation rheological models to account for viscoelasticity, which may not accurately describe material behaviors over a large frequency range. This work aimed at developing an optical coherence elastography (OCE) based method to quantify shear storage and loss moduli of soft membrane materials without assuming rheological models. The guided elastic wave displacement field in a silicone elastomer (Ecoflex™ 00-10) membrane subjected to monochromatic excitation from 1 kHz to 5 kHz was measured by the OCE method. A guided-wave finite element model was fitted to the frequency-dependent elastic wave speeds and amplitude decay coefficients to estimate frequency-dependent storage and loss shear moduli. The estimated shear storage and loss moduli of the sample were 67-95 kPa and 7.5-25 kPa in the frequency range of 1-5 kHz. This work demonstrated that the proposed OCE method is ideal for nondestructive viscoelastic characterization at frequencies between the operational range of conventional rheometers and high frequency (MHz) ultrasound methods.
Causal effects on complex traits are similar across segments of different continental ancestries within admixed individuals
Authors: Hou Kangcheng , Ding Yi , Xu Ziqi , Wu Yue , Bhattacharya Arjun , Mester Rachel , Belbin Gillian , Conti David , Darst Burcu , Fornage Myriam , Gignoux Christopher , Guo Xiuqing , Haiman Christopher , Kenny Eimear , Kim Michelle , Kooperberg Charles , Lange Leslie , Manichaikul Ani , North Kari , Nudelman Natalie , Peters Ulrike , Rasmussen-Torvik Laura , Rich Stephen , Rotter Jerome , Wheeler Heather , Zhou Ying , Sankararaman Sriram , Pasaniuc Bogdan
Published: August 2022

Individuals of admixed ancestries (e.g., African Americans) inherit a mosaic of ancestry segments (local ancestry) originating from multiple continental ancestral populations. Their genomic diversity offers the unique opportunity of investigating genetic effects on disease across multiple ancestries within the same population. Quantifying the similarity in causal effects across local ancestries is paramount to studying genetic basis of diseases in admixed individuals. Such similarity can be defined as the genetic correlation of causal effects (radmix) across African and European local ancestry backgrounds. Existing studies investigating causal effects variability across ancestries focused on cross-continental comparisons; however, such differences could be due to heterogeneities in the definition of environment/phenotype across continental ancestries. Studying genetic effects within admixed individuals avoids these confounding factors, because the genetic effects are compared across local ancestries within the same individuals. Here, we introduce a new method that models polygenic architecture of complex traits to quantify radmix across local ancestries. We model genome-wide causal effects that are allowed to vary by ancestry and estimate radmix by inferring variance components of local ancestry-aware genetic relationship matrices. Our method is accurate and robust across a range of simulations. We analyze 38 complex traits in individuals of African and European admixed ancestries (N = 53K) from: Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE), UK Biobank (UKBB) and All of Us (AoU). We observe a high similarity in causal effects by ancestry in meta-analyses across traits, with estimated radmix=0.95 (95% credible interval [0.93, 0.97]), much higher than correlation in causal effects across continental ancestries. High estimated radmix is also observed consistently for each individual trait. We replicate the high correlation in causal effects using regression-based methods from marginal GWAS summary statistics. We also report realistic scenarios where regression-based methods yield inflated estimates of heterogeneity-by-ancestry due to local ancestry-specific tagging of causal variants, and/or polygenicity. Among regression-based methods, only Deming regression is robust enough for estimation of correlation in causal effects by ancestry. In summary, causal effects on complex traits are highly similar across local ancestries and motivate genetic analyses that assume minimal heterogeneity in causal effects by ancestry.
Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: Identifying Risk Factors for Exchange Transfusion in a Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Anson Elisabeth , Ridoré Michelande , Rais-Bahrami Khodayar
Published: August 2022

Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common diagnoses leading to hospital admission in the newborn population. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to identify trends in patient demographics and risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates admitted to a level IV neonatal intensive care unit with severe hyperbilirubinemia. Our secondary aim was to identify trends in patient demographics and hyperbilirubinemia risk factors among patients who received exchange transfusion(s). Study Design: A retrospective chart review of all neonates admitted to the Children’s National Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with a primary diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 was performed. Patients with a primary diagnosis of direct hyperbilirubinemia were excluded. Hospital electronic medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, record of exchange transfusion and hyperbilirubinemia risk factors. 251 charts of neonates admitted to the NICU for hyperbilirubinemia were reviewed. 221 patients met inclusion criteria. Results: Of these 221 patients, only 9 patients required exchange transfusion (4%). Patients with a peak bilirubin ³25 were statistically more likely to require exchange transfusion than patients with a peak bilirubin <25 (78%, p<0.001). Patients who were exclusively breastfed were less likely to require exchange transfusion (71%, p=0.01). Similarly, patients with a primary diagnosis of breastfeeding jaundice were less likely to require exchange transfusion (69%, p=0.0007). Patients with G6PD deficiency were more likely to require exchange transfusion (44%, p=0.0004). Patients requiring exchange transfusion had lower birth weights than patients who did not require exchange transfusion (2800±765g, p=0.02). Although not statistically significant, all patients who received exchange transfusions were non-white. Conclusion: G6PD, while known to be a relatively benign condition, was associated with a risk of receiving exchange transfusion in jaundiced newborns. Newborns with severe jaundice who were exclusively breastfeed were less likely to receive exchange transfusion.
Physiological properties of the visual system in the Green Weaver Ant, Oecophylla smaragdina
Authors: Ogawa Yuri , Jones Lochlan , Ryan Laura , Robson Simon , Hart Nathan , Narendra Ajay
Published: August 2022

The Green Weaver ants, Oecophylla smaragdina are iconic animals known for their extreme cooperative behaviour where they bridge gaps by linking to each other to build living chains. They are visually oriented animals, build chains towards closer targets, use celestial compass cues for navigation and are visual predators. Here, we describe their visual sensory capacity. The major workers of O. smaragdina have more ommatidia (804) in each eye compared to minor workers (508), but the facet diameters are comparable between both castes. We measured the impulse responses of the compound eye and found their response duration (42ms) was similar to that seen in other slow-moving ants. We determined the temporal resolution of the compound eye at the brightest light intensity to be 131.54 Hz, which is relatively fast for a walking insect suggesting the visual system is well suited for a diurnal lifestyle. Using pattern-electroretinography we identified the compound eye has a spatial resolving power of 0.52 cycles deg− 1 and reached peak contrast sensitivity of 2.88 (34.67% Michelson contrast threshold) at 0.05 cycles deg− 1. We discuss the relationship of spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity, with number of ommatidia and size of the lens.
Clinical Significance of Interstitial Lung Abnormalities and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor- Induced Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Murata Daiki , Azuma Koichi , Matama Goushi , Zaizen Yoshiaki , Matsuo Norikazu , Murotani Kenta , Tokito Takaaki , Hoshino Tomoaki
Published: August 2022

Background
Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are known to be a risk of drug-induced pneumonitis. However, there are few reports on the relationship between ILAs and immune checkpoint inhibitor-related interstitial lung disease (ICI-ILD). We retrospectively investigated the clinical significance of ILAs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving ICI.
Methods
We defined ILAs as nondependent abnormalities affecting more than 5% of any lung zone, including ground-glass or diffuse centrilobular nodularities, traction bronchiectasis, honeycombing, and nonemphysematous cysts. Early-onset ICI-ILD was defined as developing within 3 months after the initiation of ICI administration.
Results
Of 264 patients with advanced NSCLC, 57 patients (21.6%) had ILAs (43 fibrotic and 14 nonfibrotic ILAs). The difference between the incidence of ICI-ILD in patients with or without ILAs was not significant. Of 193 patients treated by ICI monotherapy, 18 (9.3%) developed early-onset ICI-ILD. Among patients receiving ICI monotherapy, the incidence of early-onset ICI-ILD was significantly higher in patients with than in patients without nonfibrotic ILAs.
Conclusion
The presence of nonfibrotic ILAs is a significant risk for early-onset ICI-ILD in patients with NSCLC undergoing ICI monotherapy. Clinicians should be aware of ILAs, especially nonfibrotic ILAs, before administering ICIs to lung cancer patients.
CIN Grades Possessing Different HPV RNA Location Patterns and RNAscope are Helpful Tools for Distinguishing Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in Difficult Cervical Cases
Authors: Chen Ruichao , Zhang Renchao , Zhang Minfen , Liu Shaoyan , Shi Quan , Chen Hui , Xiong Hanzhen , Wang Na , Jiang Qingping
Published: August 2022

Background and objectives: The precise grading and characterization of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) has been the focus of pathologists for a long time. This study aimed to explore known strategies for the grading of CINs.Methods: After routine H&E review, 85 lesions graded CIN 1, 2, or 3 were investigated primarily by HPV RNAscope to detect HR-HPV and LR-HPV, in combination with an HPV-DNA test and P16/Ki67 immunohistochemistry (IHC). Then, the 85 cases were divided into a control group (49 cases) and a test group (36 cases). The former consisted of cases with consistency between morphology, HPV DNA detection and P16/Ki67 IHC. We used them to evaluate HPV RNA distribution patterns in CINs of different grades. The latter were ambiguous cases in which pathologists could not confirm the diagnosis because of inconsistencies between morphology, HPV DNA detection and P16/Ki67 IHC. We reassessed them by comparison to the pattern in the control group.Results: The expression patterns of HPV mRNA signals were different in different CIN lesions. LSIL/CIN1 lesions were mostly expressed in superficial epithelium with diffuse clustered nuclear or cytoplasmic staining; HSIL/CIN2 were characterised by nuclear/cytoplasmic punctate or diffuse cluster nuclear staining in the mid-surface layer, and scattered nuclear/cytoplasmic punctate staining in basal and parabasal cells; whereas HSIL/CIN3 showed full-thickness nucleus/cytoplasmic scattered staining with a punctate pattern. According to the staining pattern, we corrected the diagnosis of 22 cases (22/36, 61.1%). Conclusion: Because of its distinct location pattern, HPV RNAscope has obvious advantages over the HPV-DNA test, and combined with P16/Ki67 IHC, it can help pathologists correctly grade CIN. In addition, it can effectively discriminate true CIN from normal or CIN mimic lesions, such as immature squamous metaplasia, atrophy, and inflammatory/reactive changes. Therefore, HPV RNAscope is a valuable auxiliary diagnostic test to avoid the overtreatment and undertreatment of CIN lesions.
Measurement and Evaluation of Pod Opening Force for Vigna sinensis Endl.1
Authors: Dougherty Richard H. , Hicks J. R. , Bassett M. J. , Fluck R. C.
Published: August 2022

A method was developed for measuring the force necessary to rupture pods of Southern peas. The combined responses of single sections from each of 10 pods was shown to be adequate to overcome natural variations. Significant differences were observed between cultivars as maturity advanced. Certain cultivars appeared to increase in toughness from the immature to the intermediate stage of maturity. Spray applications of ascorbic or abscisic acid to Southern pea plants had no apparent effect on pod rupturing force for up to 4 days after application. Pea volume and color also changed with maturity and time after spraying.
Inheritance of Protein and Other Agronomic Traits in a Diallel Cross of Pea1
Authors: Pandey Shivaji , Gritton E. T.
Published: August 2022

A diallel cross involving 8 pea (Pisum sativum, L.) cultivars and experimental lines was used to study the inheritance of percent crude protein of dry seeds, and selected agronomic traits. The F1’s averaged very near the midparent for percent protein, showing little heterosis. Heterosis and inbreeding depression were observed for plant height, seed yield, and its components. General combining ability for percent protein was of major importance in all experiments. Specific combining ability for percent protein was indicated only in one of the 2 years tested. GCA and SCA variances were significant for days to bloom, plant height, yield, and its components except for seeds per pod. Maternal effects were important for only the 2 traits days to bloom and plant height.

Estimates of broad sense heritability for percent protein ranged between 54 and 67%; and of narrow sense heritability, between 45 and 67%. The highest narrow sense heritability (80%) was observed for wt/seed and the lowest for yield (8%).
The Effect of Reflecting Surfaces on the Solar Radiation Regime and Carbon Dioxide Fixation of a Glasshouse Rose Crop1
Authors: Stanhill G. , Moreshet S. , Jurgrau M. , Fuchs M.
Published: August 2022

The use of a highly reflecting layer of aluminized polyester to increase the amount of downward solar radiation in a rose glasshouse was investigated during midwinter. Solar radiation at the south end of the untreated glasshouse was 20% higher than that at the north end during this season, corresponding to similar differences in the number of flowers produced in mid-winter. Covering the north wall with a reflecting layer increased the solar radiations flux density above a roe crop canopy by 7.5% for about half the length of the cropped area. Covering the paths with the same material increased the downward solar radiation by an average of 3%, the effect being twice as great adjacent to the south wall. Much larger increases were inferred in the flux of upward solar radiation reaching the under surfaces of the canopy. Carbon dioxide fixation of the upper leaves of the rose canopy was linearly related to incident solar radiation. The effect of the reflecting surfaces on rose yield calculated from this relationship was in general agreement with that previously derived from the seasonal correlation between flower production and solar radiation.
Ancymidol Performance as Altered by Potting Media Composition1
Authors: Tschabold E. E. , Meredith W. C. , Guse L. R. , Krumkalns E. V.
Published: August 2022

The response of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. to drench applications of ancymidol was reduced if the potting media contained high quantities of ground pine bark. Aqueous movement of ancymidol was restricted by pine bark and sand in leaching tests. Bioassays with Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. indicated that the immobile ancymidol fraction in upper segments of pine bark and sand columns retained excellent biological activity.
Floral Development and Compatibility Studies of Carica Species1
Authors: Mekako H. U. , Nakasone H. Y.
Published: August 2022

The period between flower bud emergence and anthesis for Carica goudotiana (Tr. & Pl.) Solms, C. cauliflora Jacq., C. parviflora (A. DC.) Colms., C. monoica Desf. and C. papaya L. ranged from 27-47 days. Flowers of C. parviflora showed peak anthesis between 8 and 10 AM, while in the other 4 species, peak anthesis occurred between 4 and 8 PM. Pollen of the 5 species and C. pennata Heilborn, Svensk showed satisfactory viability in vitro. Pollen germination was best in media at pH 5.5-7.5. Sibmating C. cauliflora, C. pennata, and C. parviflora produced fruit sets above 80%, although seed viability of the latter 2 species was low. Under the conditions of this study, relatively strong intraspecific incompatibility was shown between green and red segregants of C. goudotiana and between El Salvador and Venezuela collections of C. cauliflora as indicated by low fruit set percentages. Only C. cauliflora from El Salvador produced good fruit set and high seed viability from sib-pollinations.
Reduction Air Pollution Injury to Foliage of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Using Tolerant Cultivars and Chemical Protectants,1
Authors: Klingaman Gerald L. , Link Conrad B.
Published: August 2022

Forty-five chrysanthemum cultivars exposed to ozone in a controlled environment chamber exhibited a wide range of sensitivity with several showing sufficient sensitivity to be damaged by ambient oxidant concentrations. Chemical protection of foliage from ambient air pollution was tested on pollution sensitive ‘King’s Ransom’ and pollution tolerant ‘Yellow Jess Williams’. Chemical protectants included 1) benomyl, 2) thiophanate ethyl, 3) triarimol, 4) ancymidol, 5) SADFI, and 6) Folicote. No visible injury was observed on unprotected ‘Yellow Jess Williams’, but extensive injury occurred on older foliage of ‘King’s Ransom’. Full season protection was observed on ‘King’s Ransom’ receiving treatments of benomyl, thiophanate ethyl or ancymidol but ancymidol delayed anthesis and reduced flower count.
Inheritance of Transverse Cotyledon Cracking Resistance in Snap Beans, (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)1
Authors: Dickson M. H.
Published: August 2022

A diallel of 8 cultivars of snap beans and all F2’s among them was evaluated for transverse cotyledon cracking, “TVC”. Over-dominance was indicated but also TVC inheritance appeared to be complex. The 3 resistant parents had dominant genes for TVC, and the most susceptible parents recessive genes. Crosses between resistant and susceptible cultivars produced more resistant progeny than from crosses of resistant and intermediate cultivars.

Broad sense heritabilites varied from 37.8% to 57.5%. Narrow sense heritability of 26.9% to 46.6% based on F2 and backcross data were obtained while regression analysis of F5 on F4 indicated narrow sense heritability of 37%. Parental performance could only be identified followingtest crossings and growing out subsequent generations.
Response of Acer rubrum L. to Supplemental Lighting, Reflective Aluminum Soil Mulch, and Systemic Soil Insecticide1,2
Authors: Cathey Henry M. , Smith Floyd F. , Campbell Lowell E. , Hartsock James G. , McGuire Judson U.
Published: August 2022

Growing Acer rubrum L. plants under an integrated system of supplemental lights for 4-hours (2200-0200) at 10 ft-c., aluminum reflective soil mulch, and disulfoton soil insecticide treatments, produced nursery liners in 1 season that were equal to 2- or 3-year-old seedlings grown by conventional methods. Increased available light in response to the reflective radiation from the A1 soil mulch was the most significant single factor. Added growth effects were obtained by combining chemical soil treatments under aluminum mulch along with the supplemental lighting. Amber lights and incandescent lights were equally stimulative. Potato leafhoppers (Empoasca fabae (Harris)), which commonly stunt tip growth of many deciduous nursery liners, were repelled by the aluminum mulch and killed by the disulfoton insecticide.
Incidence of Blackline in Juglans regia L. Propagated on Various Rootstock Species1
Authors: Martin George C. , Forde Harold I.
Published: August 2022

In a 16-year field study, all graft combinations of Persian walnut, Juglans regia scions with other rootstock species were susceptible to blackline. ‘Sinensis #5’, a selection of J. regia, did not exhibit symptoms of blackline when used as an interstock. In no case was blackline observed in graft combinations between J. regia.
Evaluation of Fruit Abscission and Flower Bud Promotion Capabilities of Ethephon and SADH on Apples1
Authors: Lord W. J. , Greene D. W. , Damon R. A.
Published: August 2022

Ethephon [(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] at rates of 100 to 1000 ppm caused fruit abscission of apples (Malus pumila Mill. cv. Cortland and Mutsu) when applied 26 to 44 days after full bloom. Ethephon alone or in combination with SADH (succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide) caused fruit abscission of ‘Early McIntosh’ when applied 30 days after full bloom. When sprayed shortly after completion of June drop, no abscission occurred. Although no fruit abscission followed the post-June drop treatment, flower bud initiation was increased. SADH appeared to enhance the fruit abscission capabilities of ethephon.
The Role of Seed Abortion and Parthenocarpy in the Production of Blank Pistachio Nuts as Affected by Rootstock1
Authors: Crane Julian C.
Published: August 2022

Production of blank nuts in ‘Kerman’ pistachio was the result of both parthenocarpy and seed abortion, the latter being responsible for the major portion. The degree of parthenocarpy was relatively uniform throughout the entire tree population, but seed abortion varied according to the history of blank production of the individual trees. Production of blanks, therefore, appeared to be governed by the seedling rootstocks.
Bolting and Other Responses of Onion (Allium cepa L.) to Growth-Regulating Chemicals1
Authors: Corgan J. N. , Montano Jose M.
Published: August 2022

Gibberellic acid (GA) increased bolting from 4.2 to 12.8% in fall-planted ‘Yellow Grano’ onion when applied 5 times at 500 ppm from 3/9 to 5/21. A single GA treatment 4/12 did not affect bolting. GA at 1000 ppm applied 11/1 and 12/9 had no effect on bolting or total seed yields of 3 short-day cultivars, but it limited seed yield per umbel. January 14 and February 21 treatments of 1000 ppm increased bolting percentage from 42 to about 60 and the February 21 treatment increased seed yield. Germination percentage of harvested seed was not affected by treatment. All GA treatments caused leaf growth from lateral buds.

Spring application of 2-chloroethyphosphonic acid (ethephon) at 500 and 1000 ppm, N-6 Benzyladenine (BA) at 100 ppm or succinic acid-2, 2-dimethylhydrazide (SADFI) at 5000 ppm did not affect bolting percentage.

Ethephon treatments inhibited internal scale browning of onions held in common storage for 3 months. October or Nov. ethephon treatments at 2500 ppm reduced bolting from 42 to 29%, and a dual ethephon application 10/8 and 11/1 resulted in only 11% bolting.
Antibiosis in Lycopersicon to the Tomato Fruitworm (Heliothis zea)1
Authors: Fery Richard L. , Cuthbert Frank P.
Published: August 2022

Leaves of Lycopersicon hirsutum Humb. & Bonpl. and L. hirsutum f. glabratum C. H. Mull, contained a factor highly antibiotic to tomato fruitworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), larvae. The factor was extractable with ethanol and lethal to larvae fed on an artifical diet containing the extract. The antibiotic factor appeared to be inherited recessively. Because the early instars of H. zea larvae on tomato, L. esculentum Mill., plants depend on leaf tissue rather than fruit as a primary food source, this antibiotic factor may be a valuable source of resistance for commercial cultivars.
Effect of the R/r Alleles on Seed Yield of Kidney Bean Phaseolus vulgaris L.1
Authors: Tucker C. L. , Harding James
Published: August 2022

R/r alleles in kidney bean had no effect on seed yield. It should be possible to develop dark red kidney cultivars that yield as well as light red kidney cultivars. The interaction of genotypes with locations suggests that many locations will be required to evaluate the yield of breeding lines. While years and locations had the largest interaction, genotypes did not interact with years. The evaluation of kidney bean cultivars in California should be done at as many locations as possible and sampling many years is of minor concern.
The Use of Weight, Density, Heat Units, and Solar Radiation to Predict the Maturity of Cabbage for Storage1
Authors: Isenberg F. M. R. , Pendergress Ann , Carroll James E. , Howell Lydia , Oyer E. B.
Published: August 2022

Four cultivars and several breeding lines of storage cabbage were grown by direct seeding and by transplanting over 2 seasons. Weights and densities of heads harvested at successive intervals in conjunction with heat units and available solar radiation yielded estimates of the time to maturity and the mature time interval in the field before splitting is likely to occur. Most cultivars of storage cabbage are ready for harvest when they have attained a density of 0.72–0.80 and a weight of 2.2–3.0 kg which corresponds to accumulation of 1000 to 1050 C heat units (10°C base) and 50,000 to 5000 gm/cal/cm2 solar radiation units. The interval between maturity and splitting varied from less than 1 week to more than 6 weeks depending upon cultivar and weather conditions.
Effect of Canopy Widening and Shoot Tip Removal on the French Hybrid Grape Cultivar de Chaunac1
Authors: Wiebe John
Published: August 2022

In a 3 year study widening the foliage canopy by spreading the shoots, or narrowing the canopy by shoot tip removal did not affect yield, cluster wt or berry wt of mature moderately vigorous vines of ‘de Chaunac’ grape. Widening the canopy by training shoots horizontally and away from the row widened the zone of light interception and tended to increase fruit soluble solids content compared to the check. Shoot tip removal narrowed the zone of light interception and resulted in a lower fruit soluble solids content than the check. Shoot tip removal reduced vigor as shown by a reduced wt of one year old wood removed at dormant pruning.
Ethylene Evolution and Apple Fruit Thinning1
Authors: Schneider G. W.
Published: August 2022

A carbaryl spray thinned fruit of the apple (Malus svlvestris (L.) Mill.) cv. Red Rome but did not affect ethylene evolution of fruit or pedicel of ’Red Rome’, ‘Golden Delicious’ or ‘Staymared’. It did increase ethylene evolution of the leaves of the first 2 compared with ‘Staymared’ even though ‘Red Rome’ was the only cultivar thinned by the Sevin spray. Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) sprays which caused thinning also increased ethylene evolution of all 3 structures, commencing the second day after application. The increase was greater than that from dipping samples structures in the same solution. Covering branches with black shading cloth reduced ethylene evolution of mature to young apple leaves. Lack of good correlation between thinning, ethylene evolution of different structures, and methods of application make it desirable to develop a better method of screening potential apple thinning materials.
Computer Simulation Studies Comparing Pedigree, Bulk, and Single Seed Descent Selection in Self Pollinated Populations1
Authors: Casali Vicente W. D. , Tigchelaar E. C.
Published: August 2022

Computer simulation was used to compare breeding progress under self fertilization with pedigree or mass selection, single seed descent (SSD) and combinations of early generation pedigree or mass selection with SSD. Pedigree selection was the most effective selection method at high (75%) and moderate (50%) heritabilities. At low (25%) and very low (10%) heritabilities, mass selection and SSD respectively yielded the best single F6 line. Early generation pedigree selection to F4 followed by SSD was not significantly different from pedigree selection alone at all heritabilities simulated.

SSD offers greatest benefits in situations where simultaneous selection is required for several characteristics under different heritabilities. SSD alone or in combination with mass selection retained greater genetic variability for line selection in F6. Pedigree or mass selection for highly heritable characters in early generations (F2 and F3) followed by SSD and F6 selection on the basis of line performance for characters of low heritability would appear to maximize progress for most breeding situations.
Day Versus Night Application of Calcium Carbide for Flower Induction In Pineapple1
Authors: Aldrich W. W. , Nakasone H. Y.
Published: August 2022

Virtually 100% flowering of the pineapple, Ananus comosus (L.) Merr., cv. Smooth Cayenne, was induced by night application of a small piece of dry calcium carbide into an adequate amount of water in the center of the plant. During daylight neither dry carbide nor acetylene solution resulted in high floral induction, except for applications just before or just after sunrise. A repeat application of dry carbide or acetylene solution 3–5 days following the first, increased the amount of flowering. Low floral induction with day applications was probably due to; a) larger amounts of acetylene required for floral induction during the day than at night; b) greatly reduced penetration of acetylene into the plant tissues; or c) combination of the 2 conditions. Although a second application might have provided only a limited additional amount of acetylene, this could have been sufficient to raise the level to that which would stimulate the biochemical processes of floral induction.
Penetration of Calcium into ‘Spartan’ Apple Fruits from a Post-Harvest Calcium Chloride Dip1
Authors: Mason J. L. , Drought B. G.
Published: August 2022

‘Spartan’ apples were dipped in 4% CaCl2 solution after harvest. One week after treatment, the Ca concentration was 19 ppm higher at the 0–2.5 mm depth in the flesh of the dipped fruit. After 2 weeks, Ca was 41 ppm higher at the 0–2.5 mm depth and 26 ppm higher at the 2.5–5.0 mm depth. After 4 weeks, Ca was 36 ppm higher at the 2.5–5.0 mm depth, 25 ppm higher at the 2.5–5.0 mm depth and 16 ppm higher at the 5.0–7.5 mm depth. After 8 weeks, Ca was 68, 49, 43, 36, 30, 24, 27 and 27 ppm higher at 8 successive 2.5 mm depths. After 32 weeks, Ca was 84, 70, 62, 62, 61, 58, 62 and 62 ppm higher at the 8 successive depths in the dipped fruit.
Rates of Nitrogen and Irrigation for Tomatoes1
Authors: Doss B. D. , Evans C. E. , Johnson W. A.
Published: August 2022

Marketable tomato yields were influenced more by applied N than by irrigation. Irrigation increased total marketable tomato yields only at the intermediate level. Average yields for the 3-year period by soil water regimes were about 58,300, 70,000, and 68,900 kg/ha for no, intermediate, and high irrigation, respectively. Applied N increased yields, but the increase was limited mainly to the lowest application rate (65 kg/ha) in 1971 and 1972, and to the 2 lowest rates (65 and 130 kg/ha) in 1973. Average yields for the test period by N application rates were about 53,500, 67,100, 69,900, 70,600 and 67,600 kg/ha for 0, 65, 130, 195, and 260 kg/ha rates, respectively. These data indicate that the best combination of N rate and soil water regime was 65 to 130 kg/ha of applied N and supplemental irrigation as needed to maintain 30% or more available water in 0 to 60 cm soil depth.