bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilisation of By-Product Phosphogypsum Through Extrusion-Based 3D Printing
Authors: Sinka Maris , Vaičiukynienė Danutė , Nizevičienė Dalia , Sapata Alise , Fornés Ignacio Villalón , Vaitkevičius Vitoldas , Šerelis Evaldas
Published: November 2024

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a phosphate fertiliser by-product. This by-product has a low level of utilisation. Calcium sulphate is dominated in PG similar to gypsum and, therefore, has good binding properties (similar to natural gypsum). However, the presence of water-soluble phosphates and fluorides, an unwanted acidic impurity in PG, makes PG unsuitable for the manufacture of gypsum-based products. In this study, the binding material of PG (β-CaSO4·0.5H2O) was produced from β-CaSO4·2H2O by calcination. To neutralise the acidic PG impurities, 0.5 wt% quicklime was added to the PG. In the construction sector, 3D-printing technology is developing rapidly as this technology has many advantages. The current study is focused on creating a 3D-printable PG mixture. The 3D-printing paste was made using sand as the fine aggregate and a binder based on PG. The results obtained show that, despite the low degree of densification, 3D printing improves the mechanical properties of this material compared to cast samples. The 3D-printed specimens tested in [u] direction reached the highest compressive strength of 950 kPa. The cast specimens showed a 17% lower compressive strength of 810 kPa. The 3D-printed specimens tested in the [v] and [w] directions reached a compressive strength of 550 kPa and 710 kPa, respectively.
Optimization of a Redundant Freedom Machining Toolpath for Scroll Profile Machining
Authors: Gao Song , Hu Zifang , Zhou Huicheng , Xie Jiejun , Zhang Chenglei , Zhang Xiaohan
Published: November 2024

The scroll disc is a critical functional component of the scroll compression mechanism, and its machining precision and quality directly impact the performance and longevity of the compressor. Current machining methods for scroll profiles face challenges in simultaneously achieving wide applicability, high precision, and high efficiency. This paper addresses issues related to unsmooth toolpaths of machine tool axes and high acceleration in the rotary axis during redundant degrees of freedom scroll profile machining. This paper proposes a toolpath optimization method for redundant axes, with optimization objectives focused on reducing the counts of directional changes in the linear axes and smoothing the trajectories of all axes. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method offers higher machining efficiency compared to traditional polar coordinate machining.
Multiobjective Route Optimization for Multimodal Cold Chain Networks Considering Carbon Emissions and Food Waste
Authors: Peng Yong , Zhang Yali , Yu Dennis Z. , Luo Yijuan
Published: November 2024

The cold chain logistics industry faces significant challenges in terms of transportation costs and carbon emissions. It is imperative to plan multimodal transportation routes efficiently to address these issues, minimize food waste, and reduce carbon emissions. This paper focuses on four key optimization objectives for multimodal cold chain transport: minimizing total transportation time, costs, carbon emissions, and food waste. To tackle these objectives, we propose a high-dimensional multiobjective route optimization model for multimodal cold chain networks. Our approach involves the development of a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm, utilizing Monte Carlo simulation and a one-by-one selection strategy. We evaluate the proposed algorithm’s performance by analyzing various convergence and distribution indicators. The average values for the minimum total transportation time, transportation cost, carbon emission cost, and cargo loss rate derived from the proposed algorithm ultimately converge to 6721.7, 5184.4, 301.5, and 0.21, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of the algorithmic solution. Additionally, we benchmark our algorithm against the existing literature to showcase its efficiency in solving high-dimensional multi-objective route optimization problems. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of different parameters, such as carbon tax rates, temperature, and cargo activation energy, on carbon emissions, and food waste. Moreover, we conduct a real-world case study to apply our approach to solving a practical business problem related to multimodal cold chain transportation. The insights gained from this research offer valuable decision-making support for multimodal carriers in developing low-carbon and environmentally friendly transportation strategies to efficiently transport perishable goods.
Model-Following Preview Control for a Class of Linear Descriptor Systems with Actuator Failures
Authors: Jia Chen , Li Li
Published: November 2024

This paper considers the model-following preview control problem for a class of continuous-time descriptor systems with actuator failures. Firstly, the model-following problem is transformed into an optimal preview control problem by utilizing restricted equivalent transformations and the construction of augmented systems. After discussing the relationship between the stabilizability and detectability of the augmented system and the corresponding characteristics of the controlled system, the model-following preview controller of the original descriptor system is obtained by integrating on the controller of the augmented system. Finally, an application to electrical circuit system is used for assessment purposes. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Alginate from Fucus vesiculosus Seaweed By-Product Post-Fucoidan Extraction
Authors: Ummat Viruja , Zhao Ming , Sivagnanam Saravana Periaswamy , Karuppusamy Shanmugapriya , Lyons Henry , Fitzpatrick Stephen , Noore Shaba , Rai Dilip K. , Gómez-Mascaraque Laura G. , O’Donnell Colm , Režek Jambark Anet , Tiwari Brijesh Kumar
Published: November 2024

The solid phase byproduct obtained after conventional fucoidan extraction from the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus can be used as a source containing alginate. This study involves ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of alginate from the byproduct using sodium bicarbonate. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to obtain the optimum conditions for alginate extraction. The ultrasound (US) treatments included 20 kHz of frequency, 20–91% of amplitude, and an extraction time of 6–34 min. The studied investigated the crude alginate yield (%), molecular weight, and alginate content (%) of the extracts. The optimum conditions for obtaining alginate with low molecular weight were found to be 69% US amplitude and sonication time of 30 min. The alginate extracts obtained were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Ultrasound-assisted extraction involving a short treatment lasting 6–34 min was found to be effective in extracting alginate from the byproduct compared to the conventional extraction of alginate using stirring at 415 rpm and 60 °C for 24 h. The US treatments did not adversely impact the alginate obtained, and the extracted alginates were found to have similar characteristics to the alginate obtained from conventional extraction and commercial sodium alginate.
A Comprehensive Review of Advanced Diagnostic Techniques for Endometriosis: New Approaches to Improving Women’s Well-Being
Authors: Kaspute Greta , Bareikiene Egle , Prentice Urte , Uzieliene Ilona , Ramasauskaite Diana , Ivaskiene Tatjana
Published: November 2024

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), endometriosis affects roughly 10% (190 million) of reproductive-age women and girls in the world (2023). The diagnostic challenge in endometriosis lies in the limited value of clinical tools, making it crucial to address diagnostic complexities in patients with suggestive symptoms and inconclusive clinical or imaging findings. Saliva micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) signature, nanotechnologies, and artificial intelligence (AI) have opened up new perspectives on endometriosis diagnosis. The aim of this article is to review innovations at the intersection of new technology and AI when diagnosing endometriosis. Aberrant epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation in endometriotic cells (ECs), is associated with the pathogenesis and development of endometriosis. By leveraging nano-sized sensors, biomarkers specific to endometriosis can be detected with high sensitivity and specificity. A chemotherapeutic agent with an LDL-like nano-emulsion targets rapidly dividing cells in patients with endometriosis. The developed sensor demonstrated effective carbohydrate antigen 19-9 detection within the normal physiological range. Researchers have developed magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles composed of iron oxide. As novel methods continue to emerge at the forefront of endometriosis diagnostic research, it becomes imperative to explore the impact of nanotechnology and AI on the development of innovative diagnostic solutions.
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4 (STAT4) Association with Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Gedvilaite-Vaicechauskiene Greta , Kriauciuniene Loresa , Liutkeviciene Rasa
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aims to investigate whether Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4 (STAT4) influences the anti-tumor immune response and is possibly involved in the initiation or relapse of pituitary adenomas (PAs) by examining STAT4 polymorphisms and serum levels. This research seeks to uncover potential connections that could inform future therapeutic strategies and improve our understanding of PA pathogenesis. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood samples, and the genotyping of four STAT4 SNPs (rs7574865, rs10181656, rs7601754, and rs10168266) was performed using real-time PCR with TaqMan® Genotyping assays. The serum STAT4 levels were measured via ELISA, and the optical density was read at 450 nm. Genotype frequencies, allele distributions, and serum STAT4 levels were statistically analyzed to assess associations with pituitary adenoma occurrence. Results: A binary logistic regression revealed that the STAT4 rs7574865 GT + GG genotypes vs. TT were associated with 1.7-fold increased odds of PA occurrence under the dominant genetic model (p = 0.012). The stratification by gender showed no significant associations in females; however, in males, the STAT4 rs10168266 CC + CT genotypes compared to TT were linked to 2.5-fold increased odds of PA under the dominant genetic model (p = 0.005). STAT4 rs10181656, rs7574865, rs7601754, and rs10168266 were analyzed to evaluate the associations with the pituitary adenoma size. We found that the STAT4 rs7574865 GG genotype was statistically significantly less frequent in the macro PA group compared to in the reference group (p = 0.012). For PA relapse, the rs7574865 G allele was less frequent in the PA group without relapse (p = 0.012), and the GT + GG genotypes were associated with a 1.8-fold increase in the PA group without relapse occurrence (p = 0.008). The serum STAT4 levels were higher in the PA patients compared to those of the reference group (p < 0.001). Elevated STAT4 serum levels were observed in PA patients with the STAT4 rs10181656 CC or CG genotypes (CC: p = 0.004; CG: p = 0.023), and with the rs7574865 GG or GT genotypes (GG: p = 0.003; GT: p = 0.021). The PA patients with the STAT4 rs7601754 AA genotype exhibited higher serum levels compared to those of the reference group (p < 0.001). Similarly, higher serum levels were found in the PA patients with the STAT4 rs10168266 CC or CT genotypes (CC: p = 0.004; CT: p = 0.027). A haplotype frequency analysis revealed no statistically significant results. Conclusions: The STAT4 genotypes were significantly associated with the PA occurrence, size, and relapse. Elevated serum STAT4 levels were observed in the PA patients, highlighting its potential role in PA pathogenesis.
Separation of Copper and Nickel Metal Ions from Electroplating Wastewater by Ultrafiltration with Tartaric Acid and Sodium Citrate Reinforced Sodium Polyacrylate Complexation
Authors: Zhang Hanwen , Cui Rui
Published: November 2024

In this study, sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) and ultrafiltration membranes were used to extract and separate Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions from electroplating wastewater. The effects of pH, the P/M ratio (mass ratio of sodium polyacrylate to metal ions), tartaric acid, and sodium citrate on the complexation of Cu2+ and Ni2+ by sodium polyacrylate were investigated. The retention of Cu2+ and Ni2+ by PAAS in single metal solutions with a P/M ratio = 4 and pH = 5 differed by 45.36%. When the complexation system of PAAS with a single metal contained tartaric acid and sodium citrate, the retention of PAAS for Cu2+ and Ni2+ increased to 80.36% and 58.84%. PAAS retention for Ni2+ decreased, but retention for Cu2+ remained the same. All the results indicated that there was competition between tartaric acid, sodium citrate, and PAAS for the adsorption of Cu2+ and Ni2+. Some of the Ni2+ complexed with PAAS were detached from PAAS complexed by tartaric acid and sodium citrate and permeated through the membrane pores, while the Cu2+ complexed with PAAS was not complexed by tartaric acid and sodium citrate and could not permeate through the membrane pores. Therefore, this study helps to provide a theoretical basis for the separation of Cu2+ and Ni2+ in electroplating wastewater.
Open-End Control of Neurite Outgrowth Lengths with Steep Bending Confinement Microchannel Patterns for Miswiring-Free Neuronal Network Formation
Authors: Takada Naoya , Hagiwara Soya , Abe Nanami , Yamazaki Ryohei , Tsuneishi Kazuhiro , Yasuda Kenji
Published: November 2024

Wiring technology to control the length and direction of neurite outgrowth and to connect them is one of the most crucial development issues for forming single-cell-based neuronal networks. However, with current neurite wiring technology, it has been difficult to stop neurite extension at a specific length and connect it to other neurites without causing miswiring due to over-extension. Here, we examined a novel method of wiring neurites without miswiring by controlling the length of neurites in open-ended bending microchannel arrays connected beyond the maximum bending angle of neurite outgrowth. First, we determined the maximum bending angle of neurite elongation to pass through the bending point of a bending microfluidic channel; the maximum angle (the critical angle) was 90°. Next, we confirmed the control of neurite outgrowth length in open-ended microchannels connected at 120°, an angle beyond the maximum bending angle. The neurites stopped when elongated to the bend point, and no further elongation was observed. Finally, we observed that in bending microchannel arrays connected at an angle of 120°, two neurite outgrowths stopped and contacted each other without crossing over the bend point. The results show that the steep bending connection pattern is a robust open-end neurite wiring technique that prevents over-extension and miswiring.
Regional Variation in Urinary Escherichia coli Resistance Among Outpatients in Washington State, 2013–2019
Authors: Fenelon Hannah T. , Hawes Stephen E. , Kapoor Hema , Salm Ann E. , Radcliff Jeff , Rabinowitz Peter M.
Published: November 2024

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a predominant pathogen of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the United States. We analyzed resistance patterns by geographic location in Washington State to assess the need for regional antibiograms. The study included urinary E. coli antibiotic susceptibility tests performed by Quest Diagnostics on Washington outpatient isolates from 2013 to 2019. We conducted logistic regressions with robust standard errors for five antibiotics (ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), with isolates classified as “susceptible” or “resistant” for each antibiotic tested. Analyses were adjusted for sex, year of isolate collection, and age group (0–18, 19–50, >50). The state’s nine Public Health Emergency Preparedness Regions (PHEPRs) were used as the geographic level for the analysis. The analysis included 40,217 isolates (93% from females, mean age 47 years). Compared to the Central PHEPR (containing Seattle), most other regions had significantly lower adjusted prevalence ratios (aPORs) of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with aPORs as low as 0.20 (95% CI: 0.06–0.63) for ceftriaxone in the North Central region. Additionally, no regions had significantly higher aPOR of resistance for any antibiotic. Differences in resistance between the Central and other regions varied by antibiotic with the largest difference for ceftriaxone and smallest for ampicillin. The finding of regional variation of E. coli AMR calls for more specific community antibiograms to enable a precise approach to antibiotic prescribing and stewardship.
Flavonoids and Other Phenolic Compounds for Physiological Roles, Plant Species Delimitation, and Medical Benefits: A Promising View
Authors: Kuljarusnont Sompop , Iwakami Satoshi , Iwashina Tsukasa , Tungmunnithum Duangjai
Published: November 2024

Flavonoids and other phenolic constituents are a large group of plant metabolites that have long attracted interest from researchers worldwide due to their functions in plant physiology, as well as their huge number of benefits for human health and well-being. This review attempts to reveal a promising view of the major physiological roles of flavonoids and other phenolic phytochemical molecules, e.g., protection agents against UV damage, pathogen defense agents, detoxifying agents, and agents promoting pollen fertility and successful pollination. Besides, the value of both flavonoids and other phenolic phytochemicals for plant species delimitation was also emphasized for the first time with the determination of their major physiological roles. Furthermore, their medical benefits for mankind were also highlighted in this current work.
Perborate Activated Peroxymonosulfate Process for Improving the Coagulation Efficiency of Microcystis aeruginosa by Polymeric Aluminum Chloride
Authors: Chen Fan , Li Lu , Qiu Shunfan , Chen Shiyang , Yang Lingfang , Deng Lin , Shi Zhou
Published: November 2024

In this study, the sodium perborate (SP)-activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) process was used to enhance the coagulation efficiency of cyanobacteria with polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC), aiming to efficiently mitigate the impact of algal blooms on the safety of drinking water production. The optimal concentrations of SP, PMS, and PAC were determined by evaluating the removal rate of OD680 and zeta potential of the algae. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed ternary PMS/SP/PAC process achieved a remarkable OD680 removal efficiency of 95.2%, significantly surpassing those obtained from individual treatments with PMS (19.5%), SP (5.2%), and PAC (42.1%), as well as combined treatments with PMS/PAC (55.7%) and PMS/SP (28%). The synergistic effect of PMS/SP/PAC led to the enhanced aggregation of cyanobacteria cells due to a substantial reduction in their zeta potential. Flow cytometry was performed to investigate cell integrity before and after treatment with PMS/SP/PAC. Disinfection by-products (DBPs) (sodium hypochlorite disinfection) of the algae-laden water subsequent to PMS/SP/PAC treatment declined by 57.1%. Moreover, microcystin-LR was completely degraded by PMS/SP/PAC. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis evidenced the continuous production of SO4•−, •OH, 1O2, and O2•−, contributing to both cell destruction and organic matter degradation. This study highlighted the significant potential offered by the PMS/SP/PAC process for treating algae-laden water.
Historical Drugs in Transylvania: Disclosing the Composition of Ointments from the “History of Pharmacy Collection” in Cluj-Napoca Through a Multi-Analytical Approach
Authors: Nardella Federica , La Nasa Jacopo , Degano Ilaria , Modugno Francesca , Gruia Ana-Maria , Cova Ioana , Magó Andrea Beatrix , Guttmann Márta , Ribechini Erika
Published: November 2024

The National Museum of Transylvanian History in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, features a History of Pharmacy Collection that documents the evolution of pharmacies in the region since the 16th century. Within the “Pharmatrans” project (2021–2023), we investigated the chemical composition of ointments from fourteen historical pharmaceutical containers dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries. Most samples were from an aristocratic traveling medicine chest, a key artifact in the collection. This study marks the first extensive analysis of historical pharmaceutical formulations in Romania, enhancing our understanding of these valuable items. The main ingredients of formulations were characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), solid-phase microextraction–GC–MS (SPME–GC–MS), and pyrolysis–GC–MS (Py–GC–MS). Additionally, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF) was employed for the detailed analysis of lipid materials and polar compounds. Elemental analysis was conducted using field emission gun–scanning electron microscope (FEG–SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results revealed that twelve out of fourteen mixtures contained interpretable organic content, often aligning with the vessels’ labels. The findings indicate that Transylvanian elites in the late 18th century had access to both rare drugs and traditional remedies, reflecting contemporary trends in pharmacy.
Derivatives of Amodiaquine as Potent Human Cholinesterases Inhibitors: Implication for Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Matošević Ana , Opsenica Dejan M. , Bartolić Marija , Maraković Nikola , Stoilković Andriana , Komatović Katarina , Zandona Antonio , Žunec Suzana , Bosak Anita
Published: November 2024

As some previously reported studies have proven that amodiaquine, in addition to its primary antimalarial activity, also has potential for new applications such as the inhibition of cholinesterases, in our study we focused on the evaluation of the influence of different substituents in the aminoquinoline part of the amodiaquine structure on the inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase to investigate the possibility for their use as drugs for the treatment of AD. We synthesized a series of amodiaquine derivatives bearing H-, F-, CF3-, NO2-, CN-, CO2H- or CH3O- groups on the aminoquinoline ring, and determined that all of the tested derivatives were very potent inhibitors of both cholinesterases, with inhibition constants (Ki) in the nM and low μM range and with prominent selectivity (up to 300 times) for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. All compounds displayed an ability to chelate biometal ions Fe2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ and an antioxidant power comparable to that of standard antioxidants. Most of the compounds were estimated to be able to cross the blood–brain barrier by passive transport and were nontoxic toward cells that represent the models of individual organs. Considering all these beneficial features, our study has singled out compound 5, the most potent AChE inhibitor with a CH3O- on C(7) position, followed by 6 and 14, compounds without substituent or hydroxyl groups in the C(17) position, respectively, as the most promising compounds from the series which could be considered as potential multi-target drugs for the treatment of AD.
Catalytic Thioglycoside Activation with Diazo-Derived Copper Carbenes
Authors: Singh Surya Pratap , Chaudhary Umesh , Sharma Indrajeet
Published: November 2024

Traditional glycosylation methods using thioglycosides often require harsh conditions or expensive metal catalysts. This study presents a more sustainable alternative by employing copper, an earth-abundant catalyst. We developed diazo-based thioglycoside donors that, through copper catalysis, undergo intramolecular activation to form glycosyl sulfonium ions, leading to the generation of oxocarbenium ions. This versatile approach efficiently accommodates a variety of O-nucleophiles, including primary, secondary, and tertiary, as well as complex bioactive molecules. It is compatible with various glycosyl donors and protecting groups, including superarmed, armed, and disarmed systems. Notably, the methodology operates orthogonally to traditional thioglycoside and alkyne donors and has been successfully applied to the orthogonal iterative synthesis of trisaccharides. Mechanistic insights were gained by studying the electronic effects of electron-donating (OMe) and electron-withdrawing (NO2) groups on the donors, offering a valuable understanding of the intramolecular reaction pathway.
High-Efficiency Triple-Junction Polymer Solar Cell: A Theoretical Approach
Authors: Sattar Fazli , Zhou Xiaozhuang , Ullah Zakir
Published: November 2024

This study presents the theoretical design and evaluation of a triple-junction polymer solar cell architecture, incorporating oligomers of PDCBT, PPDT2FBT, and PDPP3T as donor materials and PC71BM as the electron acceptor. Using density functional theory (DFT) simulations and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods, the investigation covers essential photovoltaic parameters, including molecular geometries, UV-Vis spectra, and charge transport properties. The device is structured to maximize solar energy absorption across the spectrum, featuring front, middle, and back junctions with band gaps of 1.9 eV, 1.63 eV, and 1.33 eV, respectively. Each layer targets different regions of the solar spectrum, optimizing light harvesting and charge separation. This innovative multi-junction design offers a promising pathway to enhanced power conversion efficiencies in polymer solar cells, advancing the integration of renewable energy technologies.
Enhancing Skin Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice Using SIKVAV-Modified Chitosan Hydrogels
Authors: Chen Xionglin , Cao Xiaoming , Zhang Jie , Jiang Chen , Yu Yitian , Chen Hui
Published: November 2024

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), a prevalent chronic disease caused by various factors, significantly impact patients’ quality of life due to prolonged healing times and increased infection risks. Current treatment modalities, including pharmacological, physical, and surgical interventions, often yield limited efficacy and adverse effects, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. The objective of this research is to create SIKVAV-modified chitosan hydrogels with the intention of improving the process of skin wound healing in diabetic mice. We synthesized the hydrogels and established a diabetic mice model with skin wounding to evaluate its healing effects and underlying mechanisms. The results of our study indicate that the SIKVAV-modified chitosan hydrogels markedly enhance the wound healing process in diabetic mice. This effect may be attributed to several mechanisms, including differentiation of fibroblasts, proliferation of keratinocytes, the promotion of angiogenesis, stimulation of collagen synthesis, upregulation of growth factor expression, and possible involvement of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. This research not only provides a new biomaterial for the treatment of diabetic wounds but also elucidates the related molecular mechanisms involved in wound healing of DFUs, offering valuable insights for future clinical applications.
Bioactive Three-Dimensional Chitosan-Based Scaffolds Modified with Poly(dopamine)/CBD@Pt/Au/PVP Nanoparticles as Potential NGCs Applicable in Nervous Tissue Regeneration—Preparation and Characterization
Authors: Sierakowska-Byczek Aleksandra , Gałuszka Aleksandra , Janus Łukasz , Radwan-Pragłowska Julia
Published: November 2024

Tissue engineering of nervous tissue is a promising direction in the treatment of neurological diseases such as spinal cord injuries or neuropathies. Thanks to technological progress and scientific achievements; the use of cells; artificial scaffolds; and growth factors are becoming increasingly common. Despite challenges such as the complex structure of this tissue, regenerative medicine appears as a promising future approach to improve the quality of life of patients with nervous injuries. Until now; most functional biomaterials used for this purpose were based on decellularized extra cellular matrix (ECM) or nanofibrous materials, whereas current clinically verified ones in most cases do not exhibit bioactivity or the possibility for external stimulation. The aim of this research was to develop a new type of bioactive, chitosan-based 3D materials applicable as nerve guide conduits (NGCs) modified with poly(dopamine), Au/Pt coated with PVP nanoparticles, and cannabidiol. The NGCs were prepared under microwave-assisted conditions and their chemical structure was studied using the FT-IR method. Next, this study will discuss novel biomaterials for morphology and swelling abilities as well as susceptibility to biodegradation in the presence of collagenase and lysozyme. Finally, their potential in the field of nervous tissue engineering has been verified via a cytotoxicity study using the 1321N1 human astrocytoma cell line, which confirmed their biocompatibility in direct contact studies.
Mo2TiAlC2 as a Saturable Absorber for a Passively Q-Switched Tm:YAlO3 Laser
Authors: Wang Chen , Chen Tianjie , Meng Zhe , Niu Sujian , Li Zhaoxue , Yang Xining
Published: November 2024

Owing to their remarkable characteristics, two-dimensional (2D) layered, MAX phase materials have garnered significant attention in the field of optoelectronics in recent years. Herein, a novel MAX phase ceramic material (Mo2TiAlC2) was prepared into a saturable absorber (SA) by the spin-coating method for passively Q-switching (PQS), and its nonlinear optical absorption properties were characterized with a Tm:YAlO3 (Tm:YAP) nanosecond laser. The structure characteristics and composition analysis revealed that the Mo2TiAlC2 material exhibits a well-defined and stable structure, with a uniform thin film successfully obtained through spin coating. In this study of a PQS laser by employing a Mo2TiAlC2-based SA, an average output power of 292 mW was achieved when the absorbed pump power was approximately 4.59 W, corresponding to a central output wavelength of 1931.2 nm. Meanwhile, a stable pulse with a duration down to 242.9 ns was observed at a repetition frequency of 47.07 kHz, which is the narrowest pulse width recorded among PQS solid-state lasers using MAX phase materials as SAs. Our findings indicate that the Mo2TiAlC2 MAX phase ceramic material is an excellent modulator and has promising potential for ultrafast nonlinear photonic applications.
Remote Detection and Visualization of Surface Traces of Nitro-Group-Containing Explosives
Authors: Bobrovnikov Sergei , Gorlov Evgeny , Zharkov Viktor
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the possibility of remote visualization of traces of some nitro-group-containing explosives (TNT, RDX, HMX, Composition-B, and Tetryl) on the surface of aluminum foil using the laser fragmentation/laser-induced fluorescence (LF/LIF) method. A tunable excimer KrF laser with a narrow generation line was used to fragment explosives and excite fluorescence of their NO fragments (nitric oxide molecules) from the second vibrationally excited state (v″ = 2). When recording optical responses, spectral selection of the γ(0, 0) fluorescence band of NO was carried out. The LF/LIF method is shown to be promising for creating scanning detectors that will allow remote detection of trace amounts of explosives with a concentration of up to 1 μg/cm2 on the surfaces of objects at a distance of several meters and simultaneously determine their location. The sensitivity of the one-color LF/LIF detection method can be increased by increasing the energy density of the probing radiation and/or by optimizing the LF/LIF excitation process.
Polarization Optics to Differentiate Among Bioaerosols for Lidar Applications
Authors: Miffre Alain , Cholleton Danaël , Genoud Adrien P. , Spanu Antonio , Rairoux Patrick
Published: November 2024

Polarization optics, which characterize the orientation of the electromagnetic field through Stokes vectors formalism, have been effectively used in lidar remote sensing to detect particles that differ in shape, such as mineral dust or pollen. In this study, for the first time, we explore the capability of polarization optics to distinguish the light-backscattering patterns of pollen and fungal spores, two complex-shaped particles that vary significantly in surface structure. A unique laboratory polarimeter operating at lidar backscattering at 180.0° was conducted to assess their light depolarization property in laboratory ambient air. If, at the precise lidar backscattering angle of 180.0°, the depolarization ratios of pollen and fungal spores were difficult to differentiate, slight deviations from 180.0° allowed us to reveal separate scattering matrices for pollen and fungal spores. This demonstrates that polarization optics can unambiguously differentiate these particles based on their light-(back)scattering properties. These findings are consistent at both 532 and 1064 nm. This non-invasive, real-time technique is valuable for environmental monitoring, where rapid identification of airborne allergens is essential, as well as in agricultural and health sectors. Polarization-based light scattering thus offers a valuable method for characterizing such atmospheric particles, aiding in managing airborne contaminants.
Predicting the Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Content of Custom Polypropylene Blends and Post-Consumer Materials Using Rheological Measurements
Authors: Kaineder Dominik , Marschik Christian , Trofin Ingrid , Hild Sabine
Published: November 2024

Contributing to a sustainable economy requires the use of pure recycled materials. Analyzing polyolefin post-consumer materials and cross-contaminations in these materials is an essential part in ensuring consistent product quality. Therefore, the aim of this work was to quantify the linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) content in polypropylene (PP)-dominant strips. The materials investigated included virgin PP, custom PP-LLDPE blends and PP post-consumer recyclates. To this end, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and parallel-plate rheometry were used. For complementary measurements, Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed, confirming the morphological occurrence of LLDPE enclosed in PP up to 30 wt%. The DSC measurements demonstrated that the evaluated specific melt and recrystallization enthalpies alone are insufficient to quantify the LLDPE content, especially at 1–10 wt%. The rheometric results showed a strong correlation between the cross-over point (COP) and zero-shear viscosity for pure PP grades, and there was a deviation from this correlation depending on the LLDPE content in the PP-LLDPE blends. An approach for determining low (1–15 wt%) and medium (up to 30 wt%) LLDPE quantities in PP via two mathematical models is proposed based on the rheometric measurements of custom blends and can be applied to assess the level of LLDPE contamination in PP post-consumer materials.
PTHF/LATP Composite Polymer Electrolyte for Solid State Batteries
Authors: Nurgaziyeva Elmira , Turlybay Gulnur , Tugelbayeva Aigul , Mentbayeva Almagul , Kalybekkyzy Sandugash
Published: November 2024

The novel crosslinked composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) was developed and investigated using polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) and polyethyleneglycol diacrylate (PEGDA), incorporating lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP) particles and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt. Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) for solid-state lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) were synthesized by harnessing the synergistic effects of PTHF crosslinking and the addition of LATP ceramics, while systematically varying the film composition and LATP content. CPEs containing 15 wt% LATP (PPL15) demonstrated improved mechanical strength and electrochemical stability, achieving a high conductivity of 1.16 × 10−5 S·cm−1 at 80 °C, outperforming conventional PEO-based polymer electrolytes. The CPE system effectively addresses safety concerns and mitigates the rapid degradation typically associated with polyether electrolytes. The incorporation of PEGDA not only enhances mechanical stability but also facilitates lithium salt dissociation and ion transport, leading to a uniform microstructure free from agglomerated particles. The temperature-dependent ionic conductivity measurements indicated optimal performance at lower LATP concentrations, highlighting the impact of ceramic particle agglomeration onion transport pathways. These findings contribute to advancing solid-state battery systems toward practical application.
Isosorbide-Based Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Through UV-Cured Crosslinking with a Balance Between Adhesion and Cohesion
Authors: Lv Jiajie , Wang Qingjun , Xie Hongfeng
Published: November 2024

The development of sustainable pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) from natural biomass resources has attracted increasing attention owing to their non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable features. In this study, a bio-based acrylic PSA with tunable adhesion and cohesion was synthesized by a selective chemical modification of isosorbide-5-acrylate (IA) and its copolymerization with butyl acrylate and acrylic acid through UV-curing crosslinking. During the UV-curing process, the synthesized isosorbide diacrylate ester (IDAE) served as the crosslinker, effectively improving the crosslinking degree of PSA. The impact of IA and IDAE on the mechanical properties of PSA was studied. Moreover, to achieve a balance between adhesion and cohesion, the optimal composition was identified. The addition of IA significantly enhances the stiffness of PSA. Furthermore, the combined effect of IA and IDAE improves the overall adhesion properties of the PSA. The optimal bio-based PSA demonstrates a peel force of 13.9 N/25 mm and a persistent time of 6820 min, promising to replace traditional petroleum-based PSAs.
Initial Desorption Characteristics of Gas in Tectonic Coal Under Vibration and Its Impact on Coal and Gas Outbursts
Authors: Shen Maoliang , Huo Zhonggang , Shu Longyong , Zhao Can , Zhang Huijie , Wang Weihua
Published: November 2024

The rapid desorption of gas in coal is an important cause of gas over-limit and outbursts. In order to explain the causes of coal and gas outbursts induced by vibration, this paper studies the gas desorption experiments of tectonic coal with different particle sizes and different adsorption equilibrium pressures under 0~50 Hz vibration. High-pressure mercury intrusion experiments were used to measure the changes in pore volume and specific surface area of tectonic coal before and after vibration, revealing the control of pore structure changes on the initial desorption capacity of gas. Additionally, from the perspective of energy transformation during coal and gas outbursts, the effect of vibration on the process of coal and gas outbursts in tectonic coal was analyzed. The results showed that tectonic coal has strong initial desorption capacity, desorbing 29.58% to 54.51% of the ultimate desorption volume within 10 min. Vibration with frequencies of 0~50 Hz increased both the gas desorption ratios and desorption volume as the frequency increased. The initial desorption rate also increased with the vibration frequency, and vibration can enhance the initial desorption capacity of tectonic coal and delay the attenuation of desorption rate. Vibration affected the changes in the initial gas desorption rate and desorption rate attenuation coefficient by increasing the pore volume and specific surface area, with the changes in macropores and mesopores primarily affecting the initial desorption rate and 0~10 min desorption ratios, while the changes in micropores and minipores mainly influenced the attenuation rate of the desorption rate. Vibration increased the free gas expansion energy of tectonic coal as the frequency increased. During the incubation and triggering processes of coal and gas outbursts, vibration has been observed to accelerate the fragmentation and destabilisation of the coal body, while simultaneously increasing the gas expansion energy to a point where it reaches the threshold energy necessary for coal transportation, thus inducing and triggering the coal and gas protrusion. The study results elucidate, from an energy perspective, the underlying mechanisms that facilitate the occurrence of coal and gas outbursts, providing theoretical guidance for coal and gas outburst prevention and mine safety production.
Experimental Study on the Separation of Selected Metal Elements (Sm, Co, Fe, and Cu) from Nitric Acid Leachate Using Specific Precipitants
Authors: Wang Jian-Zhi , Tang Yi-Chin , Shen Yun-Hwei
Published: November 2024

As more countries emphasize the importance of the circular economy, recycling resources from waste has become increasingly crucial. This study proposes a novel separation process for SmCo magnets, which can separate and recover metals by precipitation, thus reducing the amount of solvent used. The precipitation process involved the use of Na2SO4, NH4OH, and H2C2O4 to separate Sm, Fe, Cu, and Co, resulting in high precipitation efficiencies of 96.11%, 99.97%, 93.81%, and 98.15%, respectively. Moreover, the recovered metals can be directly used to create magnets after calcination, making this process a step towards achieving a circular economy.
The DEM Registration Method Without Ground Control Points for Landslide Deformation Monitoring
Authors: Wang Yunchuan , Li Jia , Duan Ping , Wang Rui , Yu Xinrui
Published: November 2024

Landslides are geological disasters that are harmful to both humans and society. Digital elevation model (DEM) time series data are usually used to monitor dynamic changes or surface damage. To solve the problem of landslide deformation monitoring without ground control points (GCPs), a multidimensional feature-based coregistration method (MFBR) was studied to achieve accurate registration of multitemporal DEMs without GCPs and obtain landslide deformation information. The method first derives the elevation information of the DEM into image pixel information, and the feature points are extracted on the basis of the image. The initial plane position registration of the DEM is implemented. Therefore, the expected maximum algorithm is applied to calculate the stable regions that have not changed between multitemporal DEMs and to perform accurate registrations. Finally, the shape variables are calculated by constructing a DEM differential model. The method was evaluated using simulated data and data from two real landslide cases, and the experimental results revealed that the registration accuracies of the three datasets were 0.963 m, 0.368 m, and 2.459 m, which are 92%, 50%, and 24% better than the 12.189 m, 0.745 m, and 3.258 m accuracies of the iterative closest-point algorithm, respectively. Compared with the GCP-based method, the MFBR method can achieve 70% deformation acquisition capability, which indicates that the MFBR method has better applicability in the field of landslide monitoring. This study provides an idea for landslide deformation monitoring without GCPs and is helpful for further understanding the state and behavior of landslides.
Development of a Methodology Based on ALS Data and Diameter Distribution Simulation to Characterize Management Units at Tree Level
Authors: Magalhães Jean A. , Guerra-Hernández Juan , Cosenza Diogo N. , Marques Susete , Borges José G. , Tomé Margarida
Published: November 2024

Characterizing Management Units (MUs) with tree-level data is instrumental for a comprehensive understanding of forest structure and for providing information needed to support forest management decision-making. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data may enhance this characterization. While some studies rely on Individual Tree Detection (ITD) methods using ALS data to estimate tree diameters within stands, these methods often face challenges when the goal is to characterize MUs in dense forests. This study proposes a methodology that simulates diameter distributions from LiDAR data using an Area-Based Approach (ABA) to overcome these limitations. Focusing on maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) MUs within a forest intervention zone in northern Portugal, the research initially assesses the suitability of two highly flexible Probability Density Functions (PDFs), Johnson’s SB and Weibull, for simulating diameter distribution in maritime pine stands in Portugal using the PINASTER database. The selected PDF is then used in conjunction with ABA to derive the variables needed for parameter recovery, enabling the simulation of diameter distributions within each MU. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is applied to generate a sample list of tree diameters from the simulated distributions. The results indicate that this methodology is appropriate to estimate diameter distributions within maritime pine MUs by using ABA combined with Johnson’s SB and Weibull PDFs.
Classification of Ship Type from Combination of HMM–DNN–CNN Models Based on Ship Trajectory Features
Authors: Shin Dae-Woon , Yang Chan-Su
Published: November 2024

This study proposes an enhanced ship-type classification model that employs a sequential processing methodology integrating hidden Markov model (HMM), deep neural network (DNN), and convolutional neural network (CNN) techniques. Four different ship types—fishing boat, passenger, container, and other ship—were classified using multiple ship trajectory features extracted from the automatic identification system (AIS) and small fishing vessel tracking system. For model optimization, both ship datasets were transformed into various formats corresponding to multiple models, incorporating data enhancement and augmentation approaches. Speed over ground, course over ground, rate of turn, rate of turn in speed, berth distance, latitude/longitude, and heading were used as input parameters. The HMM–DNN–CNN combination was obtained as the optimal model (average F-1 score: 97.54%), achieving individual classification performances of 99.03%, 97.46%, and 95.83% for fishing boats, passenger ships, and container ships, respectively. The proposed approach outperformed previous approaches in prediction accuracy, with further improvements anticipated when implemented on a large-scale real-time data collection system.
Research for the Positioning Optimization for Portable Field Terrain Mapping Equipment Based on the Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter Algorithm
Authors: Xie Jiaxing , Yu Zhenbang , Liang Gaotian , Fu Xianbing , Gao Peng , Yin Huili , Sun Daozong , Wang Weixing , Xue Yueju , Shen Jiyuan , Li Jun
Published: November 2024

Field positioning (FP) is a key technique in the digitalization of agriculture. By integrating sensors and mapping techniques, FP can convey critical information such as soil quality, plant distribution, and topography. Utilizing vehicles for field applications provides precise control and scientific management for agricultural production. Compared to conventional methods, which often struggle with the complexities of field conditions and suffer from insufficient accuracy, this study employs a novel approach using self-developed multi-sensor array hardware as a portable field topographic surveying device. This innovative setup effectively navigates challenging field conditions to collect raw data. Data fusion is carried out using the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithm. Building on this, this study combines the good point set and Opposition-based Differential Evolution for a joint improvement of the Slime Mould Algorithm. This is linked with the UKF algorithm to establish loss value feedback, realizing the adaptive parameter adjustment of the UKF algorithm. This reduces the workload of parameter setting and enhances the precision of data fusion. The improved algorithm optimizes parameters with an efficiency increase of 40.43%. Combining professional, mapping-grade total stations for accuracy comparison, the final test results show an absolute error of less than 0.3857 m, achieving decimeter-level precision in field positioning. This provides a new application technology for better implementation of agricultural digitalization.