bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significance of leukocyte and platelet counts in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy - A retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Veena S R  , Kuruvila Satish Korah
Published: August 2024

: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are a spectrum of disorders ranging from gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia to eclampsia and chronic hypertension superimposed by pre-eclampsia. With an incidence of 7-15% complicating pregnancies, several theories have been stated to define the pathogenesis. Inflammation per se is also found to have its part in the pathogenesis of hypertension.

: To evaluate and compare the inflammatory mediators namely the leukocyte count, platelet count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and platelet lymphocyte ratio among the hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

: This is a retrospective study done at a tertiary care hospital including all women admitted with hypertension in pregnancy from 26th April 2016 to 31 March 2019. Patients with singleton pregnancy with hypertension were included and those with prelabour rupture of membranes or concomitant infection were excluded. Patients were divided into four groups, chronic hypertension, and gestational hypertension, non-severe and severe preeclampsia. The total and differential leukocyte counts at admission were accessed from the medical records and statistical analysis was done.

: Out of 4860 deliveries, 294 patients were diagnosed with hypertensive disorders (6.04%). Of the 294, those belonging to chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, non-severe and severe preeclampsia were 43 (14.6%), 128(43.5%), 52(17.7%) and 71(24.1%) respectively. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. It was found that there was a significant difference among the groups in mean age and chronic hypertension was found to have a higher mean age than the other groups. The mean platelet count was also found to be significantly higher in chronic hypertension as compared to other groups. There was no significant difference in both mean total and mean differential leukocyte counts, ANC, ALC, NLR and PLR among the four groups.
Navigating the unexpected: Insights into bladder injuries during emergency cesarean deliveries
Authors: Madan Shikha , Anand Smriti , Dahiya Pushpa , Dahiya Sonia
Published: August 2024

Bladder injury is a recognized complication of emergency cesarean sections, yet comprehensive studies elucidating its incidence and associated risk factors are limited.

This retrospective study analyzed data from emergency cesarean deliveries performed over a three-year period at a tertiary care center. Cases with documented bladder injury were identified, and relevant clinical variables including patient demographics, surgical details, various risk factors, and obstetric history were collected and analyzed.

Among the emergency cesarean cases reviewed (n= 12218), bladder injury was identified in 22 cases making a incidence rate of 0.18%. The majority of injuries occurred during the initial phase of uterine incision. Significant risk factors associated with bladder injury included a history of previous cesarean sections, presence of adherent placenta, and intraoperative adhesions. Distribution analysis revealed varying prevalence rates across different clinical variables.

Bladder injury represents a notable complication of emergency cesarean deliveries, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of associated risk factors and preventive measures. This study contributes valuable insights into the epidemiology and clinical correlates of bladder trauma in urgent obstetric interventions, emphasizing the importance of tailored interventions to enhance patient safety and reduce maternal morbidity.
Five-year analysis of isolated pathogens and antibiotic resistance of ocular infections from two large tertiary comprehensive hospitals in east China
Authors:   Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Li Pan-Pan , Zhang Jun-Fang ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Qin Bai ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Kang Li-Hua ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Ji Min ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Guan Huai-Jin ,   Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
Published: August 2024

AIM: To analyze the spectrum of isolated pathogens and antibiotic resistance for ocular infections within 5y at two tertiary hospitals in east China.
METHODS: Ocular specimen data were collected from January 2019 to October 2023. The pathogen spectrum and positive culture rate for different infection location, such as keratitis, endophthalmitis, and periocular infections, along with antibiotic resistance were analyzed.
RESULTS: We included 2727 specimens, including 827 (30.33%) positive cultures. A total of 871 strains were isolated, 530 (60.85%) bacterial and 341 (39.15%) fungal strains were isolated. Gram-positive cocci (GPC) were the most common ocular pathogens. The most common bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus epidermidis (25.03%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.46%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (4.59%), Corynebacterium macginleyi (3.44%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.33%). The most common fungal genera were Fusarium spp. (12.74%), Aspergillus spp. (6.54%), and Scedosporium spp. (5.74%). Staphylococcus epidermidis strains showed more than 50% resistance to fluoroquinolones. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Corynebacterium macginleyi showed more than 90% resistance to erythromycin. The percentage of bacteria showing multidrug resistance (MDR) significantly decreased (χ2=17.44, P=0.002).
CONCLUSION: GPC are the most common ocular pathogens. Corynebacterium macginleyi, as the fourth common bacterium, may currently be the local microbiological feature of east China. Fusarium spp. is the most common fungus. More than 50% of the GPC are resistant to fluoroquinolones, penicillins, and macrolides. However, the proportion of MDR strains has been reduced over time.
Development and Characterızatıon of Polylactıc Acıd (Pla)
Authors: Demirören Hülya , Akduman Busra
Published: August 2024

Today, the usage areas of polymer materials are quite wide. It is not possible to recycle petroleum-based polymers. Synthetic polymers have wide usage areas; This makes synthetic polymers the most important cause of environmental pollution. In particular, disposable products are produced from synthetic polymer materials and then recycled in nature for many years; It has pushed us to seek a solution to this problem. At the same time, decreasing oil resources pose a raw material threat for the production of oil-based products. Therefore, it is aimed to minimize the use of synthetic polymers used in many industries such as automotive, household appliances, food and pharmaceutical packaging, and to contribute to the increase of biopolymer studies. In this study, the production and mechanical characterization of Polylactic Acid, a natural polymer, was performed. PLA, which is a biodegradable polymer as well as a natural polymer, is thought to be an alternative to synthetic polymers in many sectors. Pure natural PLA samples were molded with an injection device and mechanical characterization was performed. The results of tensile and 3-point bending tests were interpreted. As a result of the mechanical tests of PLA, a biocomposite was produced using chestnut shells to improve the mechanical properties and the mechanical properties of this biocomposite were examined. It was concluded that 25% chestnut shell reinforcement improved the mechanical properties of PLA.
STUDY OF 3D PRINTING PERFORMANCES OF CEMENTLESS COLLOIDAL MATERIALS
Authors:   National ILan University, Yilan, Taiwan, Lin Wei-Ting , Fiala Lukáš ,   Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic, Hotěk Petr ,   Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic, Cheng An ,   National ILan University, Yilan, Taiwan
Published: August 2024

To achieve the goal of construction automation, the application of 3D printing technology in construction is a significant development trend in the future. 3D printing has the advantages of high precision, high speed, low cost, and environmental protection. It can help reduce construction costs and reduce time and energy. In addition, it can also be used to construct complex shapes that would otherwise be difficult to achieve. To achieve the goal of a circular economy, this study utilized different types of industrial by-products (co-fired fly ash, ultra-fine fly ash, fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag) to produce ternary cementless colloidal without alkali activators. It was also used as a low-carbon alternative to traditional cement. Furthermore, the use of by-products reduced the environmental impact of production. This study used a paste-type 3D printer with model number UM 2205. Set time, fluidity, mini-slump and compressive strength were used to verify the constructability of the 3D-printed specimens. The test results showed that 3D-printed paste specimens mixed with 60% slag, 30% co-fired fly ash and 10% fly ash had the highest compressive strength. The 28-day compressive strength reached 25 MPa and was better than steel-molded specimens. The remaining ternary cementless printed specimens achieved a compressive strength of 15-20 MPa. However, the strength of the printed specimens was lower than that of the steel molded specimens. The cementitious properties of cementless colloidal materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscope observations and XRD tests. In the microstructures of these printed specimens, needle-like hydration reactions were clearly visible, which were hydrations such as C-A-S-H or ettringite, which also provided cementless materials with strength. The gaps between the printed layers were complete and the cross-section was filled without large air bubbles as observed by an optical microscope. The hydration products created a dense microstructure within the printed specimens, increasing strength and permeability. The study showed that 3D printing effectively made cementless materials with improved strength and durability.
INVESTIGATION ON CARBONATION AND CHLORIDE PENETRATION RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE USING COAL GASIFICATION SLAG
Authors:   Hiroshima University, Japan, Thu Ei Myat , Ogawa Yuko ,   Hiroshima University, Japan, Kawai Kenji ,   Hiroshima University, Japan
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the mass transfer resistance of concrete using coal gasification slag (CGS) fine aggregate, a by-product from integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC), focusing on carbonation and chloride penetration resistance. The CGS from the Nakoso power plant was used, and a series of concrete experiments with the CGS was conducted in comparison with conventional fine aggregate with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.55. The concrete specimens were cured under two conditions: 7d-sealed and 28d-water. The results indicate that concrete with CGS exhibits high resistance to both carbonation and chloride penetration compared to concrete with conventional fine aggregate. Additionally, in terms of different curing conditions, it was observed that the 28d-water curing method offers higher resistance to both carbonation and chloride penetration than the 7d-sealed. It can be highlighted that the CGS has the potential for a beneficial component in concrete production.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE FLEXURAL RESPONSE OF CONCRETE BEAM REINFORCED WITH BASALT FRP BARS
Authors:   The University of Tokyo, Japan, Kurihara Ryota , Yamasaki Yasuo ,   The University of Tokyo, Japan, Ohno Motohiro ,   The University of Tokyo, Japan, Ishida Tetsuya ,   The University of Tokyo, Japan
Published: August 2024

Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) is a promising reinforcement material for reinforced concrete (RC) structures due to its low density, high tensile strength, and non-corrosive properties. However, the available literature on the structural responses of BFRP-RC is relatively limited compared to that focused on carbon, glass, or aramid FRP bars. This research both experimentally and analytically evaluates the flexural responses of BFRP- and steel-RC beams. Three-point flexural loading tests showed that the BFRP-RC beam carried a higher maximum load but exhibited lower member stiffness, sharp flexural crack propagation, crack concentration, and bond fracture under high flexure loads. Moreover, both the test results and finite element analysis suggested that the low Young's modulus of BFRP bars caused the unstable post-cracking behavior. The analysis also demonstrated that strengthening methods using additional rebars or FRP sheets can prevent the damage localization and increase the member stiffness in the post-peak stage.
EXPERIMENTAL REVIEW OF GFRP REBARS IN COMPRESSION AFTER SIMULATED MARINE CONDITIONING USING NOVEL TESTING METHOD
Authors:   University of Toronto, Canada, Pepin Antoine , Sheikh Shamim ,   University of Toronto, Canada
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the results from a durability study on Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars in a simulated marine environment. The focus of the study was to condition GFRP bars used as internal reinforcement in reinforced concrete (RC) in a simulated marine wet/dry cycles and test the conditioned bars in compression using a testing method presented in the literature (Khorramian and Sadeghian, 2019). The testing method was reviewed for its practicality and effectiveness. Test results from the current study showed a decreasing trend in compressive strength after 52 weeks of environmental exposure, while the elastic modulus remained the same. Overall, compressive strength retentions of 82 % to 92 % after 52 weeks of conditioning was observed. The review of the test method presents that if casting and instrumentation are applied properly, the method can provide consistent results. The instrumentation type and its placement are a major factor in providing accurate readings and must be carefully planned depending on bar surface properties. Based on the results from this study the method is not recommended for bars smaller than #4 (13 mm) or bars with uneven surfaces.
ALKALI-ACTIVATED HYBRID MORTARS ANALYZED BY ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brazil, Frasson Bruna , Cheriaf Malik ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brazil, Rocha Janaíde ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brazil
Published: August 2024

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the microstructure development of alkali-activated hybrid mortars over 28 days. The hybrid mortars were formed by replacing 5% and 10% wt. of coal sludge with Portland cement. Results showed that higher content of Portland cement (10 wt%) increased the electrical resistance parameters on the first day, indicating the acceleration of the chemical reaction by calcium. Lower content of Portland cement exhibited a slower reaction process, with notable changes occurring after 14 days. Throughout all stages, the electrical resistance and capacitance of discontinuous pores indicated ionic movement through a hardened matrix. By implementing the equivalent electrical circuit, this study was able to accurately assess the ionic movement and microstructure development of alkali-activated hybrid mortar based on coal sludge.
DYNAMIC COLLAPSE SIMULATION INCLUDING LARGE DISPLACEMENTS AND ROTATION BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE MEMBERS USING EXTENDED RBSM
Authors:   Hosei University, Japan, Ayane Kikuchi , Yoshihito Yamamoto ,   Hosei University, Japan
Published: August 2024

A simulation method that can reproduce behaviors up to failure of concrete structural members and collapse of the entire structural system at high resolution will be a very useful tool for safety assessment when subjected to extreme earthquakes that exceed the assumed design loads. In this study, the rigid-body spring model with geometric nonlinearity, which the authors have already developed, and which is capable of reproducing the localized behavior of fracture of concrete materials, buckling of steel bars, and large deflection behavior of members, is further extended to a dynamic analysis method. Specifically, the method was extended with an implicit time integration scheme using the Newmark β method. The verification results show that the proposed method is capable of reproducing the dynamic response in the large deflection and large rotation range.
ALKALINITY AND Cl-/OH- AFFECTING REINFORCEMENT CORROSION IN ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE
Authors:   Sheffield Hallam University, UK, Mangat P.S. , Ojedokun Olalekan ,   Sheffield Hallam University, UK
Published: August 2024

The paper reports the effect of hydroxyl ion (OH) and chloride (Cl) concentrations of pore fluid on reinforcement corrosion in AAC under long term chloride exposure. The OH and Cl are influenced by the activator molarity. AAC has much higher OH than the control Portland cement (PC) concrete at early ages of chloride exposure and the corresponding Cl/OH ratios are lower for AAC. However, under long term chloride exposure, the Cl/OH ratios of AAC start exceeding the PC concrete due to the superior chloride binding capacity of Portland cement. The critical threshold Cl/OH ratio for corrosion initiation in AAC is between 2 and 3.28, whereas it is < 1 for PC concrete. The steel reinforcement in AAC remains free from chloride induced corrosion for a longer period and up to higher Cl-/OH- ratios than PC concrete due to the presence of elemental Sulphur (sulfides) on the steel surface in AAC.
PROPERTIES OF ARTIFICIAL AGGREGATES MADE FROM RECYCLED AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE (AAC) POWDER AND HIGH-VOLUME FLY ASH MORTAR
Authors:   Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, P. R. China, Shrestha Anil Ratna , Xia Jun ,   Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, P. R. China,   Research Institute for Sustainable Materials and Environments (ISME), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, P. R. China, Xie Duo ,   Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, P. R. China, Nanayakkara Ominda ,   Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, P. R. China,   Research Institute for Sustainable Materials and Environments (ISME), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, P. R. China
Published: August 2024

The Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Powder (AACP) - a traditional construction material - has reached its service life in many dated buildings. Utilizing recycled AACP powder as raw material for producing artificial aggregates can be a potential solution as alternative to its landfill. This paper investigates the effectiveness of utilizing high volume fly ash mortar as binder to produce cold-formed aggregates. The weight ratio between cement and fly ash is set to be 50%, while aggregates made from 100% cementitious binder are also prepared for comparison purposes. While 10-20% binder weight ratio is not effective for overall pelletization of the particles, the aggregates made from higher binder percentage reached early 90% production efficiency. However, further investigation into the issue of high-water absorption of artificial aggregates is necessary to improve their overall quality.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EMBEDMENT STRENGTH OF LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER (LVL)
Authors:   Edith Cowan University, Australia, Padukka Vidanalage Nuwan , Paraskeva Themelina ,   Edith Cowan University, Australia, Kamperidis Vasileios ,   University of Surrey, UK
Published: August 2024

Connections in timber structures play a vital role in the stiffness, strength and overall performance of the structure. Embedment properties are of paramount to the overall performance of bolted connections. This study experimentally investigates the performance of embedment strength of LVL manufactured from Nordic Spruce (Picea Abies), utilising 10mm steel dowels. A total of 50 embedment tests were conducted following the half-hole method, as specified in ASTM: D5764−97a. The tests had been performed considering 0°, 45°, and 90° load-to-grain angles, on edgewise orientation of the embedment properties and failure modes were analysed. The experimental embedment strengths were then compared to the respective characteristic embedment strengths, proposed in Eurocode 5. While the characteristic embedment strength was 11% lower than the mean embedment strength for load parallel to grain, it overestimated the embedment strength by 9.2% and 7.2% for load-to-grain angles of 45°, and 90°, respectively.
COMPARING LIFE-CYCLE CARBON FOOTPRINTS OF INTERIOR FLOORING OPTIONS AND PROPOSING IMPROVED BUILDING LIFESPAN ASSESSMENT PROCESSES FOR SPECIFIERS
Authors: Graham Kenneth
Published: August 2024

This paper compares the life-cycle carbon footprints of various interior flooring options across building lifespans. Using relevant market research, Environmental Product Declarations, building service lifespans and end-of-life data, it highlights low awareness of sustainable design principles in the design fraternity, and challenges the reliability of information supplied. It demonstrates how short-term building design thinking is adding large amounts of CO2 to the environment and proposes that the life-cycle embodied, and operating, carbon footprints of products should be considered over a building lifespan. Proposing a formula to determine these life-cycle carbon footprints across building lifespans, and charts to visualise the corresponding results, this paper concludes that we need to build using lower life-cycle carbon footprint materials, and design and use internal flooring options aligned with longer building lifespans. This “design and build for life” approach can significantly reduce CO2 released into the atmosphere throughout the 60 years lifespan of buildings. An outcome that is required to reduce global warming and curb the drastic consequences of climate change.
CARBON EMISSIONS IN JORDAN'S CONSTRUCTION SECTOR: AN EXAMINATION OF OBSTACLES
Authors:   American University of Madaba, Jordan, Zeadat Zayed
Published: August 2024

Climate change is a critical global sustainability concern, with energy demand in construction significantly contributing to global emissions. This research examines emission management practices in Jordanian construction, identifying barriers to carbon mitigation. Utilizing the Fuzzy Delphi method with six experts, the study finds insufficient development in carbon reduction strategies in Jordan's construction industry. The primary obstacle is the low demand for low-carbon projects, suggesting a need for interdisciplinary research, economic model development, and confidence-building efforts for sustainable construction integration.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SILANE-TREATED CONCRETE
Authors:   Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, Nagaoka Shuji , Nakayama Kazuhide ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, Iwanami Mitsuyasu ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Published: August 2024

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy using a four-probe method was investigated as a quantitative method to evaluate the protective effect of silane-treated concrete. To quantitatively evaluate the protective effect, it is necessary to clarify the influencing factor of the silane-modified layer on the impedance spectrum, and a comparative study of experimental and theoretical data was conducted using the results of finite element analysis. The experimental results showed that the impedance spectra exhibited a characteristic collapsing capacitance loop with an electrical resistance of approximately 1500 Ω. A detailed comparison of these results with theoretical values revealed that the distribution of silane penetration depths significantly influences the experimental results.
STUDY ON ESTIMATION OF INTERNAL CRACKS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors:   Hosei University, Japan, Yamamoto Hinata , Mizobuchi Toshiaki ,   Hosei University, Japan, Ito Hitoshi ,   Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd., Japan
Published: August 2024

In recent years, as not only the aging of reinforced concrete structures but also the shortage and aging of engineers have become problems, there is a need for methods that allows inspection of reinforced concrete structures without the need for skilled engineers. In this study, focusing on electromagnetic wave radar which can relatively easily detect reinforcing bars and internal defects, the estimation of microscopic cracks that occurred inside concrete members using electromagnetic waves and machine learning was investigated. As a result, the possibility of determining whether internal cracks have occurred has been found using by using a convolutional neural network for learning and discrimination the results of measuring reflected waveforms from reinforcing bars using electromagnetic radar.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON EVALUATION METHOD OF HARDENING BEHAVIOR OF GEOPOLYMER MORTAR USING ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE
Authors:   Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, Fujimoto Konoka , Nakayama Kazuhide ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, Nagaoka Shuji ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, Iwanami Mitsuyasu ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Published: August 2024

Geopolymer is recognized as a material with potential for high durability and environmental friendliness. However, the influence of mix proportion of geopolymer and type of activated filler on the hardening behaviour has not been systematically identified. In this study, we investigate the applicability of electrical resistivity as an evaluation index of hardening behaviour of geopolymer. EIS measurements, penetration resistance tests, and temperature monitoring were continuously conducted immediately after casting for fly ash-based geopolymer, geopolymer with granulated blast furnace slag, and cement-hardened mortar for comparison. The results showed that the time variation of electrical resistivity tended to be different for each binder. In the case of slag-added geopolymer, the time of the minimum value of electrical resistivity and the initial time obtained from the penetration resistance test results are close, indicating that the initial setting time may be evaluated from the measurement of electrical resistivity.
LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE CONTAINING SUPPLEMENTARY CEMENTITUOIS MATERIALS CONSIDERING ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
Authors:   University of Tehran, Iran, Mohammadi Abbas , Ramezanianpour Amir Mohammad ,   University of Tehran, Iran
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the sustainability of concrete containing supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) like rice husk ash (RHA), sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), metakaolin (MK), and trass. The service life, compressive strength, CO2 emissions, and cost per cubic meter were analyzed for concrete mixes incorporating RHA, SCBA, MK, or trass compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete. The results showed that replacing a portion of cement with SCMs significantly improved the durability and extended the service life of concrete while reducing CO2 emissions. The concrete with 30% RHA had a service life eight times longer and 20% lower emissions than OPC concrete. The sustainability (BMSP) and economic (BMEP) potential indices were used to quantify the combined performance. The 30% RHA concrete exhibited the best sustainability performance, with a BMSP 7.7 times higher than OPC concrete. The study demonstrates that optimized use of locally available SCMs in concrete can enhance durability and reduce emissions, providing a pathway to more sustainable construction practices.
FRACTURE BEHAVIOUR ASSESSMENT OF PRECRACKED CONCRETE BY AE AND DIC PARAMETERS IN COMPRESSIVE STRESS FIELD
Authors:   Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Japan, Nadezhda Morozova , Kazuma Shibano ,   Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Japan, Yuma Shimamoto ,   Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan, Tetsuya Suzuki
Published: August 2024

This work investigates the accumulated cracks influence on concrete structures' fracture behaviour during their compression test. The uniaxial compression tests, along with Acoustic Emission (AE) and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques are utilized to evaluate fracture behaviour. Concrete samples are taken from an in- service concrete structure with varying degrees of accumulated damage detected by the X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). The results reveal that heavily damaged samples display unstable fractures with continuous AE energy release near to accumulated defects. AE event location analysis establishes a strong correlation between AE signals and defect distribution. DIC analyses emphasize the strain localization phenomenon in damaged areas. Through a statistical analysis of AE and DIC parameters, the study underscores the relationship between AE events and deformation, providing valuable insights for assessing concrete fracture behaviour. Ultimately, this research underscores the pivotal role of pre-existing defects in shaping mechanical responses and fracture behaviour in concrete structures.
DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE HOMEBREWED SODIUM SILICATE AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN GEOPOLYMER MORTARS
Authors:   Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, Alengaram U. Johnson , Bin Zulkifle Amirul Hakimi ,   Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, Venkatesan Gokulanathan ,   Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, Hatti Ilyas Raouf ,   Universiti Malaya, Malaysia,   University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algeria
Published: August 2024

Geopolymer has been suggested as an alternative binder created by alkaline activation of pozzolanic materials. Industrial by-products such as fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) have a significant potential as binder material. Such by-products react with an alkaline solution generating aluminosilicate gel, acting as a binding substance for concrete. This study investigates the formulation of cost-effective homebrewed sodium silicate solution (HBSS) using agro-industrial wastes of treated and untreated rice husk ash (TRHA/RHA) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA); the compressive strength of FA and GGBS-based geopolymer mortars shows that geopolymer mortar using treated rice husk ash (TRHA) based HBSS as activator exhibit higher compressive strength when compared to commercial sodium silicate activated geopolymer mortars. The XRF and XRD tests illustrate the effects of the various HBSS formulations; thus, HBSS is a cost-effective, sustainable, and feasible sodium silicate source that could be used in geopolymer mortars.
PERMEATION CHARACTERISTICS AND DURABILITY ASPECTS FOR SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE
Authors:   University of West London, UK, Shaaban Ibrahim , Rizzuto Joseph ,   Kingston University, UK, El-Nemr Amr ,   German University in Cairo (GUC), Egypt, Bohan Lin ,   University of Liverpool, UK, Ahmed Hatem ,   German University in Cairo (GUC), Egypt, Tindyebwa Hannington ,   University of West London, UK
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the durability indicators for sustainable concrete produced by adding both crumbed rubber and steel fibres that are removed from waste tyres to the concrete mixes. Crumb rubber was treated by submersion in sodium hydroxide and then used to partially replace 10% and 30% of fine aggregates in the concrete mix. Extracted steel fibres were added at the rate of 1% and 2% per volume of each mix. The compressive strength was recorded, and a non- destructive air permeability test was used to assess permeation characteristics of studied specimens and to correlate the results with compressive strength results. It was found that with the increase in the steel fibres percentage while keeping the rubber content constant resulted in increased compressive strength of concrete. Rubberized concrete of 10% crumb rubber and 1% steel fibres exposed to oven drying at 105°C for 12 hours exhibited an increase in compressive strength. The addition of crumb rubber and steel fibres as a partial fine aggregate replacement resulted in increasing the air permeability of the concrete to different degrees depending on the percentages used. This study showed that waste tyres extracts can be a viable, economic, and environmentally friendly method for obtaining durable and sustainable concrete.
ASSESSMENT OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH PERFORMANCE OF CORN COB ASH BLENDED CONCRETE: A REVIEW
Authors:   Canterbury Christ Church University, UK, Okeke Francis , Ahmed Abdullahi ,   Canterbury Christ Church University, UK, Imam Adil ,   Canterbury Christ Church University, UK, Hassanin Hany ,   Canterbury Christ Church University, UK
Published: August 2024

The construction industry continuously seeks innovative materials to enhance sustainability and performance. Successful adoption, however, hinges on reliable performance data. Corncob ash (CCA) has been proposed to partially replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in concrete, yet varying results in compressive strength (CS) hinder widespread use. This systematic review analyzed experimental articles from 2010-2023, evaluating CS of OPC and CCA blended concrete at a 28-day curing period. It examined the relationship between compressive strength and CCA replacement percentage. Out of 23 studies (9.74% of the total), 60.9% reported lower CS in CCA blended concrete (6%-35.8% reduction). However, 17.4% demonstrated increased CS (3.6%-18.4% rise) with higher CCA replacement. Linear regression analysis yielded p<0.05, indicating significant potential for CCA to enhance concrete compressive strength. Conclusively, an optimum 6.86% CCA substitution in concrete without optimization maintains structural integrity and promotes sustainable practices in the industry.
Specific Features of Qualification of Some Continuous Crimes
Authors:   Deputy Director for Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, PhD (Law),, Garbatovich Denis A.
Published: August 2024

The article reveals the thesis that the existing rules for the qualification of ongoing crimes are not universal, since they depend on the criminal policy, the construction of the corpus delicti. The paper reveals the specifics of the qualification of the continued sale of narcotic drugs, continued theft with the illegal use of a bank card, continued extortion.
Civil Procedure, Claim Dismissal, Problems and Abusive Practices in Application of Art. 222 of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Private Practice Lawyer, Murtuzaliev Zubayru I. , Murtuzalieva Maryam A. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Law, Health and Safety of the Dagestan State Agricultural University
Published: August 2024

In this publication, on the example of judicial practice, an analysis of the problems of application by the courts of the provisions of Art. 222 Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation and a possible option for their elimination.
Restoration of Violated Civil Rights by Means of Constitutional Justice: Problems of Theory and Practice
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Administrative Law of the Law Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Brezhnev Oleg V.
Published: August 2024

The article shows the specifics of restoring the rights of citizens violated by unconstitutional norms of legislation, by revising the judicial acts previously issued in relation to them under the influence of the adopted decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. On the basis of a systematic study of the practice of the highest judicial body of constitutional control, the main ways of influencing its decisions on judicial law enforcement in order to restore the rights of citizens who applied to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation are considered. The possibilities of using the means of constitutional justice to restore the rights of persons who were not participants in constitutional proceedings are shown, which appeared as a result of the 2020 reform.
On Import Substitution of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Civil, Legal and Economic Disciplines of the Orel Law Institute, Melnik Sergey V. , Gomozova Olga Yu. ,   Student of the Investigator Training Faculty of the Orel Law Institute of the Ministry
Published: August 2024

In this article, the authors consider the possibility of creating an alternative judicial body of the European Court of Human Rights through the prism of the analysis of the basic rules of interpretation of legal norms in the Anglo-Saxon system of law.
Review of Cases on Disputes in the State Defense Order Sphere in a Closed Court Hearing
Authors:   Legal Counsel at Arsenal Construction Bureau Joint-Stock Company, Zhemerov Vladislav V. , Katukova Svetlana Yu. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Procedure Law of the Northwestern Branch of the Russian
Published: August 2024

The mechanism for protecting office information in the field of defence cannot be complete without ensuring the confidentiality of information when considering legal disputes, including disputes about a state defence order. The article substantiates the point of view about the possibility of moving to a closed trial when considering disputes in which information of limited access appears at the discretion of the court. The analysis of the limitations of procedural rights that result from the transition to the consideration of the case in a closed court session indicates the futility of waiting for the relevant petition from interested persons, which may lead to a violation of the priority of preserving official secrets in the field of defence. A negative assessment is given to the illegal deprivation of the participants in the process of the right to receive an audio protocol of the court session.
Establishment of an Expert Commission: One More “Clerical Error” or Inadmissible Evidence
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Criminalistics of the Ekaterinburg Branch, Nadonenko Olga N.
Published: August 2024

In this article, the author considers the current practice of forming expert commissions in the production of commission and comprehensive examinations. Analyzes the normative acts containing the provisions regulating this process, demonstrating both positive examples of their implementation and negative ones, leading to the recognition of the expert's opinion as inadmissible evidence.
Stages of the Establishment and Development of the Institution of Infliction of Harm in the Course of Criminal Detention in Pre-Revolutionary Russia
Authors:   Senior Police Lieutenant, Major Case Criminal Intelligence Investigator of the Department, Storozhikhin Ilya S.
Published: August 2024

The article considers the key stages of the formation of the legal regulation of the institution of causing harm during the detention of a person who committed a crime in pre-revolutionary Russia, in different periods of time, the grounds and conditions of its applicability.
The Correlation of Public, Private and Adversarial Origins within the Framework of the Historical Form of the Russian Criminal Procedure
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Arrangement of Judicial and Law Enforcement, Grishina Ekaterina P.
Published: August 2024

The article analyzes modern scientific, practical and legal problems of the implementation of the public and private principles of the criminal process in Russia, taking into account its construction according to the continental type, and also suggests ways to improve legislation aimed at strengthening the adversarial attitudes of judicial consideration of criminal cases.
On the Issue of Budgetary Financial Support of Forensic Institutions of the Russian Federation when Conducting Forensic Examinations within the Framework of Judicial Proceedings of Various Types in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Professor of the Department of International and Public Law of the Financial University, Popova Anna V.
Published: August 2024

Based on the comparative legal analysis of codified and other normative legal acts, the article examines the current legal conflict in the field of financing forensic activities. The author concludes that there is a need for normative consolidation of the rights and obligations of persons entitled to appoint a forensic examination, the parties to the trial, the State SEU and non-state SEU, private experts and powers in terms of exercising control over budget allocations.
The Legal Fate of the Result of Intellectual Activity in the Performance of a State Contract
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Legal Studies of the North-West Institute of Management, Mayboroda Viktor A.
Published: August 2024

In this article, the methods of comparative analysis are used to consider the novelties of civil legislation on the results of research work carried out on the basis of state and municipal contracts. It follows from the analysis that an essential condition for such contracts is the legal fate of the results of intellectual activity in the performance of state and municipal contracts.
Organizing Judicial Control in Courts of General Jurisdiction in Modern Conditions: Problem Statement
Authors:   Lecturer of the Law College of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport, Petryakova Antonina V.
Published: August 2024

The prerequisites for the modernization of the organizational and legal model of judicial control activity of courts of general jurisdiction are considered. The author examines the judicial control activity of courts of general jurisdiction in the focus of the doctrine of law enforcement constitutionalism. It is proposed to improve the organization of judicial control activities of courts of general jurisdiction taking into account the national trend towards digitalization of public practice.
Problems of Legal Effectiveness of Compulsory Enforcement of Court Decisions Invalidating Decisions, Actions (Inaction) of a Court Bailiff
Authors:   Lecturer of the Nizhny Novgorod Branch of the International Humanities and Economics University, LL.D., Krotov Andrey V.
Published: August 2024

The article deals with the problems arising in the process of implementing a court decision issued in accordance with Chapter 22 of the CAS in relation to a bailiff. On the example of the analysis of a judicial case, practical recommendations are proposed aimed at the implementation of the constitutional right to judicial protection, enshrined in Article 46 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
On the Forms of Protection of Citizens’ Rights in the Sphere of Social Security: The Historical and Legal Aspect
Authors:   Deputy Presiding Judge of the Sverdlovsk Regional Court, PhD (Law), Vasilyeva Anna S.
Published: August 2024

This article analyzes the prerequisites for the emergence and further development of ideas and legislation about the forms of protection of citizens' rights in the field of social security, including judicial protection of these rights in civil and administrative proceedings. The author highlights the main stages of the development of these ideas and legislation, formulates the tasks facing the judicial community at the present stage of their development.
Archive Workflow Management in a District Court
Authors:   Presiding Judge of the Central District Court of Chita, PhD (Law), Goryunov Vitaly V.
Published: August 2024

The article deals with the issues of organizing archives in district courts, which are important for daily service. Based on his own practical experience, the author provides suggestions and recommendations for the most effective implementation of activities in this area. The article may be of interest to district court presiding judges, judges, administrators, and archives personnel.
PROBLEMS OF REGULATION OF CRIMINAL JURISDICTION IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Criminal Law, Shestak Viktor A. , Tsyplakova Alena D. ,   Bachelor of Laws
Published: August 2024

Researchers in the Russian legal doctrine are currently not paying enough attention to legal systems of Arab states, in particular, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This study is dedicated to the problems of establishment of criminal jurisdiction in the KSA, where many institutions are characterized by legal uncertainty. The Kingdom still has no unified criminal law that would lay the grounds for regulation of, inter alia, jurisdiction principles in respect of specific criminally punishable actions or persons. The authors analyze the main regulatory acts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and doctrinal provisions of the Arab legal thought, compare them with regard to such specific term as "ikhtisosi", which covers not only the criminal law scope but also the concepts of authorities and jurisdiction. Notwithstanding the reforms held in the 2000s, the state still has a complicated judicial system, so the authors have updated the information about it and created a pictorial diagram for understanding of the specifics of the judicial structure that complicates the establishment of criminal jurisdiction and demarcation of competence of various Sharia courts.
REFUSAL TO INITIATE A CASE ON RESTORATION OF FORFEITED JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Saratov State Law Academy, Mamkieva Yulia Kh.
Published: August 2024

In this article, the author analyzes such procedural action as "refusal to initiate a case" in review of forfeited judicial proceedings that appears in the Civil Procedure Code for the first time ever. The author suggests amendments to Part 2 of Art. 315 of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation in view of ambiguous judicial practice.
Digitalisasi Pendidikan Melalui Pengembangan Media Digital Interaktif Tema Alam Semesta untuk Memfasilitasi Keterampilan Saintifik Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Rahmawati Febi , Mulyana Edi Hendri , Qonita Qonita
Published: August 2024

The development of the 21st century has sparked digitalization in all aspects of life, including in the field of education. The implementation of digital learning using digital learning media in the field is still very minimal, this is due to the lack of access to digital learning that is in accordance with learning objectives, such as science learning which is oriented towards developing scientific skills. The minimal use of digital media makes researchers conduct research with the aim of obtaining media designs that are suitable for the development of scientific skills in early childhood. The subjects of this research were four PAUD institutions consisting of four teachers and 60 group B children. This research was carried out using a mix method approach, using the Reeves 2006 EDR (educational design research) research model. The data collection techniques used included observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The results of the research show that teachers are currently unable to maximize efforts to digitize education, this is due to the lack of access to digital media in science learning which is oriented towards developing children's scientific skills. This series of research also produces a valid media storyboard design based on the assessment of media experts and material experts, namely with an average score of 2.78 and 2.92 in the Very Good category respectively.