bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Novel Antigens Recognized by Serum Antibodies in Bovine Tuberculosis
Authors: Lyashchenko Konstantin P. , Grandison Adrian , Keskinen Karen , Sikar-Gang Alina , Lambotte Paul , Esfandiari Javan , Ireton Gregory C. , Vallur Aarthy , Reed Steven G. , Jones Gareth , Vordermeier H. Martin , Stabel Judy R. , Thacker Tyler C. , Palmer Mitchell V. , Waters W. Ray
Published: October 2017

Bovine tuberculosis (TB), caused by
Mycobacterium bovis
, remains an important zoonotic disease posing a serious threat to livestock and wildlife. The current TB tests relying on cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in cattle have performance limitations. To identify new serodiagnostic markers of bovine TB, we screened a panel of 101 recombinant proteins, including 10 polyepitope fusions, by a multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) with well-characterized serum samples serially collected from cattle with experimental or naturally acquired
M. bovis
infection. A novel set of 12 seroreactive antigens was established. Evaluation of selected proteins in the dual-path platform (DPP) assay showed that the highest diagnostic accuracy (∼95%) was achieved with a cocktail of five best-performing antigens, thus demonstrating the potential for development of an improved and more practical serodiagnostic test for bovine TB.
Development of an Extended-Specificity Multiplex Immunoassay for Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype-Specific Antigen in Urine by Use of Human Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Eletu Seyi D. , Sheppard Carmen L. , Thomas Elizabeth , Smith Kenneth , Daniel Priya , Litt David J. , Lim Wei Shen , Fry Norman K.
Published: October 2017

Current pneumococcal vaccines cover the 10 to 23 most common serotypes of the 92 presently described. However, with the increased usage of pneumococcal-serotype-based vaccines, the risk of serotype replacement and an increase in disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes remains. Serotype surveillance of pneumococcal infections relies heavily on culture techniques, which are known to be insensitive, particularly in cases of noninvasive disease. Pneumococcal-serotype-specific urine assays offer an alternative method of serotyping for both invasive and noninvasive disease. However, the assays described previously cover mainly conjugate vaccine serotypes, give little information about circulating nonvaccine serotypes, and are currently available only in one or two specialist laboratories. Our laboratory has developed a Luminex-based extended-range antigen capture assay to detect pneumococcal-serotype-specific antigens in urine samples. The assay targets 24 distinct serotypes/serogroups plus the cell wall polysaccharide (CWP) and some cross-reactive serotypes. We report that the assay is capable of detecting all the targeted serotypes and the CWP at 0.1 ng/ml, while some serotypes are detected at concentrations as low as 0.3 pg/ml. The analytical serotype specificity was determined to be 98.4% using a panel of polysaccharide-negative urine specimens spiked with nonpneumococcal bacterial antigens. We also report clinical sensitivities of 96.2% and specificities of 89.9% established using a panel of urine specimens from patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia or pneumococcal disease. This assay can be extended for testing other clinical samples and has the potential to greatly improve serotype-specific surveillance in the many cases of pneumococcal disease in which a culture is never obtained.
Structural Characterization of Clostridium sordellii Spores of Diverse Human, Animal, and Environmental Origin and Comparison to Clostridium difficile Spores
Authors: Rabi Rebecca , Turnbull Lynne , Whitchurch Cynthia B. , Awad Milena , Lyras Dena
Published: October 2017

Clostridium sordellii
is a significant pathogen with mortality rates approaching 100%. It is the bacterial spore that is critical in initiating infection and disease. An understanding of spore structures as well as spore morphology across a range of strains may lead to a better understanding of
C. sordellii
infection and disease. However, the structural characteristics of the
C. sordellii
spores are limited. In this work, we have addressed this lack of detail and characterized the
C. sordellii
spore morphology. The use of traditional and advanced microscopy techniques has provided detailed new observations of
C. sordellii
spore structural features, which serve as a reference point for structural studies of spores from other bacterial species.
Virioplankton Assemblage Structure in the Lower River and Ocean Continuum of the Amazon
Authors: Silva Bruno S. de O. , Coutinho Felipe H. , Gregoracci Gustavo B. , Leomil Luciana , de Oliveira Louisi S. , Fróes Adriana , Tschoeke Diogo , Soares Ana Carolina , Cabral Anderson S. , Ward Nicholas D. , Richey Jeffrey E. , Krusche Alex V. , Yager Patricia L. , de Rezende Carlos Eduardo , Thompson Cristiane C. , Thompson Fabiano L.
Published: October 2017

The Amazon River forms a vast plume in the Atlantic Ocean that can extend for more than 1,000 km. Microbial communities promote a globally relevant carbon sink system in the plume. Despite the importance of viruses for the global carbon cycle, the diversity and the possible roles of viruses in the Amazonia are poorly understood. The present work assesses, for the first time, the abundance and diversity of viruses simultaneously in the river and ocean in order to elucidate their possible roles. DNA sequence assembly yielded 29,358 scaffolds, encoding 82,546 viral proteins, with 15 new complete viral genomes from the 12 river and ocean locations. Viral diversity was clearly distinguished by river and ocean. Bacteriophages were the most abundant and occurred throughout the continuum. Viruses that infect eukaryotes were more abundant in the river, whereas phages appeared to have strong control over the host prokaryotic populations in the plume.
Psychological impact of electrocardiogram screening in National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes
Authors: Asif Irfan M , Annett Scott , Ewing Joseph A , Abdelfattah Ramy , Sutphin Brittan , Conley Kyle , Rothmier Justin , Harmon Kimberly G , Drezner Jonathan A
Published: October 2017

Purpose

Determine the psychological impact of false-positive ECG screening in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes.

Methods

Athletes representing seven NCAA institutions received a standardised history, physical examination and ECG interpreted using the 2013 Seattle Criteria. Assessments of health attitudes, anxiety and impact of screening on sport were conducted using validated prescreen and postscreen measurements.

Results

1192 student-athletes participated (55.4% male, median age 19 years, 80.4% Caucasian). 96.8% of athletes had a normal cardiovascular screen, 2.9% had a false-positive ECG and 0.3% were diagnosed with a serious cardiac condition. Prior to screening, 4.5% worried about potentially harbouring cardiac disease and 70.1% preferred knowing about an underlying condition, rather than play sports without this knowledge. There was no difference in anxiety described by athletes with a normal versus false-positive screen (p=0.369). Reported anxiety levels during screening also did not differ when analysed by different gender, race, division of play or sport. Athletes with normal and false-positive screens had similar levels of satisfaction (p=0.714) and would recommend ECG screening to other athletes at similar rates (p=0.322). Compared with athletes with a normal screen, athletes with false-positive results also reported feeling safer during competition (p>0.01). In contrast, athletes with false-positive screens were more concerned about the possibility of sports disqualification (p<0.001) and the potential for developing a future cardiac condition (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Athletes with a false-positive ECG do not experience more anxiety than athletes with a normal screen but do express increased concern regarding sports disqualification and the development of a cardiac disorder. These findings do not justify avoiding advanced cardiovascular screening protocols. Further understanding of athlete experiences could better prepare the practising physician to counsel athletes with an abnormal ECG.
Factor analyses of the Chinese Zarit Burden Interview among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in a rural Chinese community
Authors: Tang Bingwei , Yu Yu , Liu Ziwei , Lin Meijuan , Chen Yumei , Zhao Mei , Xiao Shuiyuan
Published: October 2017

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the factor structure of the Chinese version of the 22-item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) among family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in China.

Methods

Using one-stage cluster-sampling design, 324 primary caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Ningxiang County, Hunan Province, China, completed the Zarit Burden Interview face-to-face. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was first performed based on existing models to check model fit. Owing to an unsatisfactory result of CFA, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was then conducted to explore a new factor structure, and a subsequent CFA was run to examine its model fit.

Results

The CFA results showed that none of the existing models fit the data reasonably well. The EFA results suggested five dimensions: negative emotion (10 items), interpersonal relationship (4 items), time demand (3 items), patient’s dependence (2 items) and self-accusation and guilt (2 items). The following CFA confirmed the five-factor solution in this study, and the goodness-of-fit for this model fell within the acceptable range. The overall internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.88, and the internal consistency coefficients of individual dimensions were 0.68 to 0.84.

Conclusion

This study supported a 22-item ZBI scale, with a five-factor structure when applied to Chinese caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.
A cross-sectional examination of the profile of chiropractors recruited to the Australian Chiropractic Research Network (ACORN): a sustainable resource for future chiropractic research
Authors: Adams Jon , Peng Wenbo , Steel Amie , Lauche Romy , Moore Craig , Amorin-Woods Lyndon , Sibbritt David
Published: October 2017

Objectives

The Australian Chiropractic Research Network (ACORN) practice-based research network (PBRN) cohort was established to provide sustainable infrastructure necessary to address lack of rigorous investigation and to bridge the research–practice gap focused on chiropractic care for future years. This paper presents the profile of chiropractors recruited to the ACORN PBRN, a nationally representative sample of chiropractors working in Australia.

Design

Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a cohort study of chiropractors in Australia.

Setting

All registered chiropractors in Australia were invited to participate in the ACORN study and those who completed a practitioner questionnaire and consent form were included in the PBRN cohort.

Participants

A total of 1680 chiropractors (36%) were recruited to the cohort database. The average age of the PBRN participants is 41.9 years and 63% are male. The vast majority of the PBRN participants hold a university degree.

Results

General practitioners were identified as the most popular referral source for chiropractic care and low back pain and neck pain were the most common conditions ‘often’ treated by the PBRN chiropractors. The chiropractors in this PBRN cohort rated high velocity, low amplitude adjustment/manipulation/mobilisation as the most commonly used technique/method and soft tissue therapy as the most frequently employed musculoskeletal intervention in their patient management.

Conclusions

The ACORN PBRN cohort constitutes the largest coverage of any single healthcare profession via a national voluntary PBRN providing a sustainable resource for future follow-up. The ACORN cohort provides opportunities for further nested substudies related to chiropractic care, chiropractors, their patients and a vast range of broader healthcare issues with a view to helping build a diverse but coordinated research programme and further research capacity building around Australian chiropractic.
Effect of weekend admission on process of care and clinical outcomes for the management of acute coronary syndromes: a retrospective analysis of three UK centres
Authors: Martin Glen P , Kinnaird Tim , Sperrin Matthew , Anderson Richard , Gamal Amr , Jabbar Avais , Kwok Chun Shing , Barker Diane , Heatlie Grant , Zaman Azfar G , Mamas Mamas A
Published: October 2017

Objectives

The effect of weekend versus weekday admission following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) on process of care and mortality remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the ‘weekend-effect’ on outcomes using a multicentre dataset of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction/unstable angina (NSTEMI/UA).

Design

This retrospective observational study used propensity score (PS) stratification to adjust estimates of weekend effect for observed confounding. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for binary outcomes and time-to-event endpoints were modelled using Cox proportional hazards to estimate hazard ratios (HRs).

Setting

Three tertiary cardiac centres in England and Wales that contribute to the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project.

Participants

Between January 2010 and March 2016, 17 705 admissions met the study inclusion criteria, 4327 of which were at a weekend.

Primary and secondary outcomes

Associations were studied between weekend admissions and the following primary outcome measures: in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality and long-term survival; secondary outcomes included several processes of care indicators, such as time to coronary angiography.

Results

After PS stratification adjustment, mortality outcomes were similar between weekend and weekday admission across patients with STEMI and NSTEMI/UA. Weekend admissions were less likely to be discharged within 1 day (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.78), but after 4 days the length of stay was similar (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.04). Fewer patients with NSTEMI/UA received angiography between 0 and 24 hours at a weekend (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.77). Weekend patients with STEMI were less likely to undergo an angiogram within 1 hour, but there was no significant difference after this time point.

Conclusion

Patients with ACS had similar mortality and processes of care when admitted on a weekend compared with a weekday. There was evidence of a delay to angiography for patients with NSTEMI/UA admitted at the weekend.
Does laryngeal reinnervation or type I thyroplasty give better voice results for patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (VOCALIST): study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Blackshaw Helen , Carding Paul , Jepson Marcus , Mat Baki Marina , Ambler Gareth , Schilder Anne , Morris Stephen , Degun Aneeka , Yu Rosamund , Husbands Samantha , Knowles Helen , Walton Chloe , Karagama Yakubu , Heathcote Kate , Birchall Martin
Published: October 2017

Introduction

A functioning voice is essential for normal human communication. A good voice requires two moving vocal folds; if one fold is paralysed (unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP)) people suffer from a breathy, weak voice that tires easily and is unable to function normally. UVFP can also result in choking and breathlessness. Current treatment for adults with UVFP is speech therapy to stimulate recovery of vocal fold (VF) motion or function and/or injection of the paralysed VF with a material to move it into a more favourable position for the functioning VF to close against. When these therapies are unsuccessful, or only provide temporary relief, surgery is offered. Two available surgical techniques are: (1) surgical medialisation; placing an implant near the paralysed VF to move it to the middle (thyroplasty) and/or repositioning the cartilage (arytenoid adduction) or (2) restoring the nerve supply to the VF (laryngeal reinnervation). Currently there is limited evidence to determine which surgery should be offered to adults with UVFP.

Methods and analysis

A feasibility study to test the practicality of running a multicentre, randomised clinical trial of surgery for UVFP, including: (1) a qualitative study to understand the recruitment process and how it operates in clinical centres and (2) a small randomised trial of 30 participants recruited at 3 UK sites comparing non-selective laryngeal reinnervation to type I thyroplasty. Participants will be followed up for 12 months. The primary outcome focuses on recruitment and retention, with secondary outcomes covering voice, swallowing and quality of life.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was received from National Research Ethics Service—Committee Bromley (reference 11/LO/0583). In addition to dissemination of results through presentation and publication of peer-reviewed articles, results will be shared with key clinician and patient groups required to develop the future large-scale randomised controlled trial.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN90201732; 16 December 2015.
Risk factors and barriers to case management of neonatal pneumonia: protocol for a pan-India qualitative study of stakeholder perceptions
Authors: Nair N Sreekumaran , Lewis Leslie Edward , Lakiang Theophilus , Godinho Myron Anthony , Murthy Shruti , Venkatesh Bhumika T
Published: October 2017

Introduction

India accounted for more neonatal deaths (estimated at 696 000) than any other country, as of 2015. Of these , most neonatal deaths due to infections can be attributed to pneumonia which accounts for 16% of all neonatal mortalities (2010). Despite simple, inexpensive case management strategies being available, pneumonia continues to cause significant mortality and morbidity among neonates. Understanding the perceptions and experiences of stakeholders of neonatal care can help find solutions to barriers to care and design tailored strategies for controlling neonatal pneumonia.

Methods and analysis

A pan-India qualitative study will be conducted. Participants include healthcare providers, programme officers, academicians, representatives of non-governmental organisations/bilateral agencies and policy makers. They will be recruited purposively from rural and urban, public and private, and facility and community healthcare settings across six Indian regions. Within each region, a minimum of one state will be selected. Districts will be based on neonatal mortality indicators, and will be subject to feasibility at the time of conducting the study. We plan to conduct in-depth interviews (IDI) and focus group discussions focusing on (a) burden, (b) risk factors, (c) case management, (d) treatment guidelines, (e) barriers to case management, (f) recommendations. The number of interviews will depend on the information saturation. Interviews will be audio-recorded with prior written consent and transcribed verbatim. Principles of thematic analysis will be applied for qualitative data analysis using R package for Qualitative Data Analysis (RQDA).

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol has been approved by the Health Ministry Screening Committee, Government of India and the Institutional Ethics Committee at the host institution. Confidentiality and privacy of the participants will be maintained. The findings of the study will be shared with all stakeholders of this research including the participants. Knowledge dissemination workshops will be conducted to ultimately transfer the evidence tailored to the stakeholders' need.
Evolution of pain at 3 months by oral resveratrol in knee osteoarthritis (ARTHROL): protocol for a multicentre randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Nguyen Christelle , Boutron Isabelle , Baron Gabriel , Coudeyre Emmanuel , Berenbaum Francis , Poiraudeau Serge , Rannou François
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology is driven in part by joint inflammation. Resveratrol has in vitro anti-inflammatory properties. We aim to assess the efficacy of oral resveratrol for knee pain at 3 months in people with knee OA.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Overall, 164 individuals with knee OA fulfilling 1986 American College of Rheumatology criteria will be recruited in three tertiary care centres in France and randomised to receive oral resveratrol, 40 mg (two caplets) two times per day for 1 week, then 20 mg (one caplet) two times per day or a matching placebo for a total of 6 months. Randomisation will be centralised and stratified by centre. The allocation ratio of assignments will be 1:1. The primary outcome will be the mean change from baseline in knee pain on a self-administered 11-point pain Numeric Rating Scale at 3 months. Secondary outcomes will be the mean change in knee pain at 6 months, the function subscore of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index score, patient global assessment, proportion of responders according to the Osteoarthritis Research Society International–Outcome Measures in Rheumatology criteria at 3 and 6 months, and self-reported number of intra-articular injections of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid and consumption of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs since the last contact. Other interventions will be allowed and self-reported. Adherence will be monitored by capsule counts and a booklet and adverse events recorded at 3 and 6 months. Statisticians, treating physicians and participants will be blinded to the allocated treatment.

Ethics and dissemination

The oral resveratrol in knee osteoarthritis (ARTHROL) trial has been authorised by theAgenceNationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santéand ethics were approved by theComité deProtection des Personnes Île-de-FranceIII. The findings of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated at conferences. The design of ARTHROL will warrant the translation of its findings into clinical practice.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT02905799. Pre-results. First received: 14 September 2016. Last updated: 16 September 2016. Status: not yet recruiting.
Permanent work disability before and after ischaemic heart disease or stroke event: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Ervasti Jenni , Virtanen Marianna , Lallukka Tea , Friberg Emilie , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Lundström Erik , Alexanderson Kristina
Published: October 2017

Objectives

We examined the risk of disability pension before and after ischaemic heart disease (IHD) or stroke event, the burden of stroke compared with IHD and which factors predicted disability pension after either event.

Design

A population-based cohort study with follow-up 5 years before and after the event. Register data were analysed with general linear modelling with binary and Poisson distributions including interaction tests for event type (IHD/stroke).

Setting and participants

All people living in Sweden, aged 25‒60 years at the first event year, who had been living in Sweden for 5 years before the event and had no indication of IHD or stroke prior to the index event in 2006‒2008 were included, except for cases in which death occurred within 30 days of the event. People with both IHD and stroke were excluded, resulting in 18 480 cases of IHD (65%) and 9750 stroke cases (35%).

Primary outcome measures

Disability pension.

Results

Of those going to suffer IHD or stroke event, 25% were already on disability pension a year before the event. The adjusted OR for disability pension at first postevent year was 2.64-fold (95% CI 2.25 to 3.11) for people with stroke compared with IHD. Economic inactivity predicted disability pension regardless of event type (OR=3.40; 95% CI 2.85 to 4.04). Comorbid mental disorder was associated with the greatest risk (OR=3.60; 95% CI 2.69 to 4.83) after an IHD event. Regarding stroke, medical procedure, a proxy for event severity, was the largest contributor (OR=2.27, 95% CI 1.43 to 3.60).

Conclusions

While IHD event was more common, stroke involved more permanent work disability. Demographic, socioeconomic and comorbidity-related factors were associated with disability pension both before and after the event. The results help occupational and other healthcare professionals to identify vulnerable groups at risk for permanent labour market exclusion after such an event.
Effect of adherence to the first-generation injectable immunomodulatory drugs on disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Kingwell Elaine , Zhu Feng , Petkau John , Kastrukoff Lorne F , Marrie Ruth Ann , Tremlett Helen , Evans Charity
Published: October 2017

Objective

To examine the association between optimal adherence to the first-generation injectable immunomodulatory drugs (IMDs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) and subsequent disability accumulation.

Methods

We accessed prospectively collected linked clinical and administrative health data from British Columbia, Canada. Subjects with MS treated with a first-generation injectable IMD at an MS clinic (1996–2004) were followed until their last clinic visit before 2009. Adherence was estimated using the proportion of days covered (PDC). The primary outcome was disability accumulation, defined as an increase in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score as recorded during each year of follow-up. Generalised estimating equation models, adjusted for baseline sex, age, EDSS and time between scores, were used to measure associations between optimal adherence (≥80% PDC) during the first year of treatment and subsequent disability accumulation. The relationship between early IMD adherence and the secondary outcome, time to sustained EDSS 6, was examined using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

Among 801 subjects, 598 (74.7%) had optimal adherence over the first year of IMD treatment and 487 (39.0%) demonstrated one or more instances of disability accumulation. Early optimal adherence was not associated with disability accumulation (adjusted OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.15), nor with time to sustained EDSS 6 (adjusted HR 0.91; 95% CI 0.57 to 1.44).

Conclusion

Almost three-quarters of subjects with MS had optimal early adherence to their first-line injectable IMD. There was no evidence that this was associated with disability accumulation in the following years.
Incorporation of relative cerebral blood flow into CT perfusion maps reduces false ’at risk' penumbra
Authors: Peretz Shlomi , Orion David , Last David , Mardor Yael , Kimmel Yotam , Yehezkely Shelly , Lotan Eyal , Itsekson-Hayosh Ze’ev , Koton Sylvia , Guez David , Tanne David
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The region defined as ‘at risk’ penumbra by current CT perfusion (CTP) maps is largely overestimated. We aimed to quantitate the portion of true ‘at risk’ tissue within CTP penumbra and to determine the parameter and threshold that would optimally distinguish it from false ‘at risk’ tissue, that is, benign oligaemia.

Methods

Among acute stroke patients evaluated by multimodal CT (NCCT/CTA/CTP) we identified those that had not undergone endovascular/thrombolytic treatment and had follow-up NCCT. Maps of absolute and relative CBF, CBV, MTT, TTP and Tmax as well as summary maps depicting infarcted and penumbral regions were generated using the Intellispace Portal (Philips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands). Follow-up CT was automatically co-registered to the CTP scan and the final infarct region was manually outlined. Perfusion parameters were systematically analysed – the parameter that resulted in the highest true-negative-rate (ie, proportion of benign oligaemia correctly identified) at a fixed, clinically relevant false-negative-rate (ie, proportion of ‘missed’ infarct) of 15%, was chosen as optimal. It was then re-applied to the CTP data to produce corrected perfusion maps.

Results

Forty seven acute stroke patients met selection criteria. Average portion of infarcted tissue within CTP penumbra was 15%±2.2%. Relative CBF at a threshold of 0.65 yielded the highest average true-negative-rate (48%), enabling reduction of the false ‘at risk’ penumbral region by ~half.

Conclusions

Applying a relative CBF threshold on relative MTT-based CTP maps can significantly reduce false ‘at risk’ penumbra. This step may help to avoid unnecessary endovascular interventions.
Meta-analysis of treatment outcomes of posterior circulation non-saccular aneurysms by flow diverters
Authors: Kiyofuji Satoshi , Graffeo Christopher S , Perry Avital , Murad Mohammad Hassan , Flemming Kelly D , Lanzino Giuseppe , Rangel-Castilla Leonardo , Brinjikji Waleed
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Non-saccular aneurysms of the posterior circulation are uncommon but highly dangerous lesions. Flow diverter stents have been demonstrated to be effective treatments of various anterior circulation aneurysms, particularly large and giant proximal internal carotid artery aneurysms. However, evidence regarding the treatment of non-saccular posterior circulation aneurysms with flow diverters is lacking.

Methods

A systematic literature review of the English language literature since 2007 was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase. Keywords and MeSH terms included flow diversion, flow diverter, pipeline, surpass, intracranial aneurysm, vertebrobasilar, and non-saccular. Case reports were excluded. Angiographic and clinical outcomes were pooled using a random effects meta-analysis.

Results

13 retrospective non-comparative studies reporting 129 patients and 131 aneurysm treatments were included. The average number of flow diverters per aneurysm was 4.33. Immediate complete or near complete occlusion of the aneurysm occurred in 25% (95% CI 1% to 60%), and long term occlusion in 52% (29–76%). Periprocedural stroke occurred in 23% of cases. Good long term neurologic outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2) was achieved in 51% (95% CI 31% to 71%). Overall mortality was 21% (95% CI 7% to 38%) and morbidity was 26% (12%–42%). Retreatment was required in 5% (95% CI 0% to 14%). Good neurologic outcome rate was higher in vertebral artery aneurysms (83%) than other locations (18–33%).

Conclusions

Flow diversion is a feasible and efficacious treatment for non-saccular aneurysms in the posterior circulation. However, the intervention carries a significant risk of periprocedural stroke, and is still associated with high overall mortality. Further studies are needed to identify significant treatment risk factors and optimize patient selection.
Imaging features and prognostic factors in fetal and postnatal torcular dural sinus malformations, part I: review of experience at Boston Children’s Hospital
Authors: Yang Edward , Storey Armide , Olson Heather E , Soul Janet , Estroff Judy A , Trenor Cameron C , Cooper Benjamin K , Smith Edward R , Orbach Darren B
Published: October 2017

Background

Even for the most common dural sinus malformation (DSM), the torcular DSM (tDSM), generalizable statements about etiology and prognosis are difficult because neurosurgeons/neuroradiologists and obstetrical imagers have focused on different patient age groups, have reported different outcomes, and have offered differing pathophysiologic explanations.

Objective

To examine the imaging features and outcomes of a local cohort of tDSMs across fetal–neonatal life for commonalities.

Methods

Review of imaging and clinical outcome for a local cohort of 12 tDSM patients (9 fetal, 3 postnatal).

Results

All 12 tDSMs had similar imaging characteristics, including enlargement of the torcular and intraluminal thrombus early on, later evolving to peripheral scar tissue after treatment or spontaneous regression. Spontaneous decrease in size of the tDSM was observed in 6 prenatal and 1 postnatal case, and this decrease appeared to be irreversible once it occurred. One of 9 prenatal tDSMs was demonstrated to have arteriovenous fistulae in utero, while 2 of 3 postnatal diagnoses had arteriovenous fisutlae. All 6 prenatal tDSM diagnoses followed to term and all 3 postnatal diagnoses had a grossly normal neurologic outcome after a median of 12 months of age.

Conclusions

Prenatal and postnatal tDSMs have overlapping imaging features suggesting a common etiology, and involution of a tDSM is a key imaging biomarker for a favorable outcome. While there is reason for concern with postnatally diagnosed tDSMs, good outcomes may still be achieved across the fetal–neonatal age spectrum of presentations. These findings are generalized in part II of this article.
Safety and efficacy of aneurysm treatment with WEB in the cumulative population of three prospective, multicenter series
Authors: Pierot Laurent , Moret Jacques , Barreau Xavier , Szikora Istvan , Herbreteau Denis , Turjman Francis , Holtmannspötter Markus , Januel Anne-Christine , Costalat Vincent , Fiehler Jens , Klisch Joachim , Gauvrit Jean-Yves , Weber Werner , Desal Hubert , Velasco Stéphane , Liebig Thomas , Stockx Luc , Berkefeld Joachim , Molyneux Andrew , Byrne James , Spelle Laurent
Published: October 2017

Background

Flow disruption with the WEB is an innovative endovascular approach for treatment of wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms. Initial studies have shown a low complication rate with good efficacy.

Purpose

To report clinical and anatomical results of the WEB treatment in the cumulative population of three Good Clinical Practice (GCP) studies: WEBCAST (WEB Clinical Assessment of Intrasaccular Aneurysm), French Observatory, and WEBCAST-2.

Methods

WEBCAST, French Observatory, and WEBCAST-2 are single-arm, prospective, multicenter, GCP studies dedicated to the evaluation of WEB treatment. Clinical data were independently evaluated. Postoperative and 1-year aneurysm occlusion was independently evaluated using the 3-grade scale: complete occlusion, neck remnant, and aneurysm remnant.

Results

The cumulative population comprised 168 patients with 169 aneurysms, including 112 female subjects (66.7%). The patients' ages ranged between 27 and 77 years (mean 55.5±10.2 years). Aneurysm locations were middle cerebral artery in 86/169 aneurysms (50.9%), anterior communicating artery in 36/169 (21.3%), basilar artery in 30/169 (17.8%), and internal carotid artery terminus in 17/169 (10.1%). The aneurysm was ruptured in 14/169 (8.3%). There was no mortality at 1 month and procedure/device-related morbidity was 1.2% (2/168). At 1 year, complete aneurysm occlusion was observed in 81/153 aneurysms (52.9%), neck remnant in 40/153 aneurysms (26.1%), and aneurysm remnant in 32/153 aneurysms (20.9%). Re-treatment was carried out in 6.9%.

Conclusions

This series is at the moment the largest prospective, multicenter, GCP series of patients with aneurysms treated with WEB. It shows the high safety and good mid-term efficacy of this treatment.

Clinical trial registration

French Observatory: Unique identifier (NCT18069); WEBCAST and WEBCAST-2: Unique identifier (NCT01778322).
Low and high energy asymptotic behavior of electroweak corrections in polarized e–e+ → μ–μ+ process
Authors: Aleksejevs A.G. , Barkanova S.G. , Bystritskiy Yu. M. , Zykunov V.A.
Published: October 2017

Electroweak radiative corrections will play a major role in the analysis of several upcoming ultra-precision experiments, such as Belle-II, so it is crucial to make sure that they are fully under control. This article outlines the recent developments in the theoretical and computational approaches to one-loop (NLO) electroweak radiative corrections to the parity-violating asymmetry in e–e+ → μ–μ+(γ) process with longitudinally polarized electrons. We derive asymptotic expressions for low and high energy regions (well below or above Z-resonance, correspondingly) and analyze the leading contributions. For most energy regions, our results are in good agreement with precise computer-algebra-based calculation and can be used as a quicker alternative.
Closed superstring field theory and its applications
Authors: de Lacroix Corinne , Erbin Harold , Kashyap Sitender Pratap , Sen Ashoke , Verma Mritunjay
Published: October 2017

We review recent developments in the construction of heterotic and type II string field theories and their various applications. These include systematic procedures for determining the shifts in the vacuum expectation values of fields under quantum corrections, computing renormalized masses and S-matrix of the theory around the shifted vacuum and a proof of unitarity of the S-matrix. The S-matrix computed this way is free from all divergences when there are more than 4 noncompact space–time dimensions, but suffers from the usual infrared divergences when the number of noncompact space–time dimensions is 4 or less.
Weighing the black holes of GW150914
Authors: Ha Yuan K.
Published: October 2017

We evaluate the mass of the black holes of GW150914 at their event horizons via quasi-local energy approach and obtain the values of 71 and 57 solar masses, compared to their asymptotic values of 36 and 29 units, respectively, as reported by LIGO. A higher mass at the event horizon is compulsory in order to overcome the huge negative gravitational potential energy surrounding the black holes and allow for the emission of gravitational waves during merging. We estimate the initial mass of the stars which collapsed to form the black holes from the horizon mass and obtain the impressive values of 95 and 76 solar masses for these progenitor stars.
Is patience a virtue? Cosmic censorship of infrared effects in de Sitter
Authors: Ferreira Ricardo Z. , Sandora McCullen , Sloth Martin S.
Published: October 2017

While the accumulation of long wavelength modes during inflation wreaks havoc on the large scale structure of spacetime, the question of even observability of their presence by any local observer has lead to considerable confusion. Though, it is commonly agreed that infrared effects are not visible to a single sub-horizon observer at late times, we argue that the question is less trivial for a patient observer who has lived long enough to have a record of the state before the soft mode was created. Though classically, there is no obstruction to measuring this effect locally, we give several indications that quantum mechanical uncertainties censor the effect, rendering the observation of long modes ultimately forbidden.
A NEW METHOD FOR AUTOMATED DETECTION OF DIABETES FROM HEART RATE SIGNAL
Authors: TRIPATHY R. K. , PATERNINA MARIO R. ARRIETA , PATTANAIK P.
Published: October 2017

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease and it is characterized based on the increase in the sugar level in the blood. The other diseases such as the cardiomyopathy, neuropathy and retinopathy may occur due to the DM pathology. The RR-time series or heart rate (HR) signal quantifies the beat-to-beat variations in the electrocardiogram (ECG) and it has been widely used for the detection of various cardiac diseases. Detection of DM based on the features of HR signal is a challenging problem. This paper copes with a new method for the detection of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) based on the features extracted from the HR signal. The Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) of HR signal and the Kernel Sparse Representation Classifier (KSRC) are the mathematical foundations used to achieve the detection. SSA is used to decompose the HR signal into sub-signals, and diagnostic features such as the maximum value of each sub-signal and eigenvalues are evaluated. Then, the KSRC uses the proposed diagnostic features as inputs for detecting diabetes. The experimental results reveal that the proposal attains the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values of 92.18%, 93.75% and 90.62%, respectively, employing the KSRC and the hold-out cross-validation approach. The method is compared with existing approaches for detecting diabetes from HR signal.
Evaluation Framework for Passive Assistive Device Based on Humanoid Experiments
Authors: Imamura Yumeko , Ayusawa Ko , Yoshida Eiichi , Tanaka Takayuki
Published: October 2017

This study presents an enhanced framework for evaluating an assistive effect generated by a passive assistive device using a humanoid robot. The humanoid robotic experiments can evaluate wearable devices by measuring the joint torque, which cannot be measured directly from the human body. In this paper, we introduce an “assistive torque estimation map” as an efficient means for estimating the supportive torque within the range of motions by interpolating the measured joint torques and joint angles of the robot. This map aims to estimate the supportive torques for complex motions without conducting humanoid experiments or human-subject experiments with these motions. We generated an estimation map for an actual assistive suit that decreases the load on the lumbar region and we verified the validity of the proposed method by experimentation. In addition, the geometric simulation model of the assistive suit was validated based on the proposed experiments by using the humanoid robot HRP-4. The proposed framework is expected to lead to an efficient design of such assistive devices so that fewer human-subject experiments need to be conducted.
Stereo Vision Embedded System Proposal for Plant Phenotyping
Authors: Rosa Nícolas dos Santos , Cruvinel Paulo E. , Naime João de Mendonça
Published: October 2017

This paper presents the design process of an embedded stereo vision system, which investigates the most relevant criteria for developing the hardware and software architectures for plant phenotyping. In other words, this paper is the result of a preliminary study in which the main motivation was the evaluation of the viability of a low-cost visual system for such field of knowledge. In addition, the implications of the adversities in an actual agricultural scenario under the system design are presented, since the system should not only meet the portability requirements but also the quality and precision for the measurements carried out by cameras. After the use of such method, the systems obtained may present a high chance of satisfying a set of constraints, and meeting their possibility to be used for machine vision applied in agricultural decision-making processes related to plant architecture and in situ recognition.
An epoxide hydrolase secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa decreases mucociliary transport and hinders bacterial clearance from the lung
Authors: Hvorecny Kelli L. , Dolben Emily , Moreau-Marquis Sophie , Hampton Thomas H. , Shabaneh Tamer B. , Flitter Becca A. , Bahl Christopher D. , Bomberger Jennifer M. , Levy Bruce D. , Stanton Bruce A. , Hogan Deborah A. , Madden Dean R.
Published: October 2017

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonizes the lungs of susceptible individuals by deploying virulence factors targeting host defenses. The secreted factor Cif (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitory factor) dysregulates the endocytic recycling of CFTR and thus reduces CFTR abundance in host epithelial membranes. We have postulated that the decrease in ion secretion mediated by Cif would slow mucociliary transport and decrease bacterial clearance from the lungs. To test this hypothesis, we explored the effects of Cif in cultured epithelia and in the lungs of mice. We developed a strategy to interpret the “hurricane-like” motions observed in reconstituted cultures and identified a Cif-mediated decrease in the velocity of mucus transport in vitro. Presence of Cif also increased the number of bacteria recovered at two time points in an acute mouse model of pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, recent work has demonstrated an inverse correlation between the airway concentrations of Cif and 15-epi-lipoxin A4, a proresolving lipid mediator important in host defense and the resolution of pathogen-initiated inflammation. Here, we observe elevated levels of 15-epi-lipoxin A4 in the lungs of mice infected with a strain of P. aeruginosa that expresses only an inactive form of cif compared with those mice infected with wild-type P. aeruginosa. Together these data support the inclusion of Cif on the list of virulence factors that assist P. aeruginosa in colonizing and damaging the airways of compromised patients. Furthermore, this study establishes techniques that enable our groups to explore the underlying mechanisms of Cif effects during respiratory infection.
Exercise training improves blood flow to contracting skeletal muscle of older men via enhanced cGMP signaling
Authors: Piil Peter , Smith Jørgensen Tue , Egelund Jon , Damsgaard Rasmus , Gliemann Lasse , Hellsten Ylva , Nyberg Michael
Published: October 2017

Physical activity has the potential to offset age-related impairments in the regulation of blood flow and O2 delivery to the exercising muscles; however, the mechanisms underlying this effect of physical activity remain poorly understood. The present study examined the role of cGMP in training-induced adaptations in the regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow and oxidative metabolism during exercise in aging humans. We measured leg hemodynamics and oxidative metabolism during exercise engaging the knee extensor muscles in young [ n = 15, 25 ± 1 (SE) yr] and older ( n = 15, 72 ± 1 yr) subjects before and after a period of aerobic high-intensity exercise training. To determine the role of cGMP signaling, pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) was performed. Before training, inhibition of PDE5 increased ( P < 0.05) skeletal muscle blood flow and O2 uptake during moderate-intensity exercise in the older group; however, these effects of PDE5 inhibition were not detected after training. These findings suggest a role for enhanced cGMP signaling in the training-induced improvement of regulation of blood flow in contracting skeletal muscle of older men.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study provides evidence for enhanced cyclic GMP signaling playing an essential role in the improved regulation of blood flow in contracting skeletal muscle of older men with aerobic exercise training.
Concise Neural Nonaffine Control of Air-Breathing Hypersonic Vehicles Subject to Parametric Uncertainties
Authors: Bu Xiangwei , Wang Qiong , Zhao Yan , He Guangjun
Published: October 2017

In this paper, a novel simplified neural control strategy is proposed for the longitudinal dynamics of an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle (AHV) directly using nonaffine models instead of affine ones. For the velocity dynamics, an adaptive neural controller is devised based on a minimal-learning parameter (MLP) technique for the sake of decreasing computational loads. The altitude dynamics is rewritten as a pure feedback nonaffine formulation, for which a novel concise neural control approach is achieved without backstepping. The special contributions are that the control architecture is concise and the computational cost is low. Moreover, the exploited controller possesses good practicability since there is no need for affine models. The semiglobally uniformly ultimate boundedness of all the closed-loop system signals is guaranteed via Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the investigated control methodology in the presence of parametric uncertainties.