bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addressing nutritional issues in the college‐aged client: Strategies for the nurse practitioner
Authors: Gores Sarah E.
Published: August 2010

Purpose: To educate nurse practitioners (NPs) on the nutritional risks specific to the college‐aged client and provide recommendations for interventions for this group.

Data sources: Information was gathered through a literature search as well as the author’s own experience.

Conclusions: As young adults move into an independent living situation, there is a high risk for unhealthy eating habits. While this may not translate into the weight gain known as the “Freshman 15,” this is the time period when young adults begin to cement their eating habits. Current research has found that students who gain weight during this period tend to continue a slow, steady gain in weight.

Implications for practice: NPs must take every opportunity to provide guidance toward healthy eating habits. Most clients of this age group are seen infrequently by a primary care practitioner. Thus, each visit should be used to explore the topic with clients to minimize adverse outcomes in the future.
Clinical practice characteristics of gerontological nurse practitioners: A national study
Authors: Kennedy‐Malone Laurie , Penny Judith , Fleming Mary Elizabeth
Published: August 2010

Purpose:  To determine the clinical practice characteristics of gerontological nurse practitioners (GNPs) in the United States and ascertain whether length of employment, geographic region of practice, work setting, and educational preparation influence GNPs’ delivery of advanced clinical services and clinical procedures.

Data sources:  The Gerontological Nurse Practitioner Practice Profile was mailed to a stratified random sample of 1000 GNPs certified by the American Nurses Credentialing Center.

Conclusions:  Despite the growing demands for GNPs, of the 472 GNPs who responded to the survey, only half were working full‐time as a GNP. Although the role was established over 30 years ago, 56% of the respondents indicated that they were the first GNP in the position. There was a statistically significant positive relationship between being the first GNP in his or her practice and the percent of primarily medical advanced clinical services performed. GNPs who worked in multiple clinical setting performed more advanced clinical services and medical procedures than GNPs who only worked in one setting.

Implications for practice:  This study provides insight into the complex practice characteristics of GNPs. GNPs are combining the nursing skills so necessary to care for older adults with advanced clinical services and clinical procedures deemed medical acts. Various factors influence how GNPs practice, including geographic location, type of practice, and whether the GNP was the first person to be employed as a nurse practitioner at the practice.
Prescribing patterns of gerontological nurse practitioners in the United States
Authors: Kennedy‐Malone Laurie , Fleming Mary Elizabeth , Penny Judith
Published: August 2010

Purpose: To identify the prescribing patterns of gerontological nurse practitioners (GNPs) as reported on the Gerontological Nurse Practitioner Practice Profile. Specifically, the study examined (a) GNPs’ frequency of prescribing certain categories of medications for older adults; (b) the influence of practice, education, and experience variables on prescribing practices of GNPs; and (c) the rate of prescribing inappropriate medications for older adults based on the list of medications on the modified Beers Criteria.

Data sources: The study was part of a larger descriptive survey that examined the practice characteristics of GNPs using the Gerontological Nurse Practitioner Practice Profile. A stratified random sample of 1000 GNPs certified by American Nurses Credentialing Center was sent surveys; 472 usable surveys were returned. Only the 234 GNPs who indicated that they were currently practicing full time as a GNP were included in this analysis.

Conclusions: Ninety‐three percent of the respondents indicated that they had prescriptive privileges. The most commonly prescribed types of medications were analgesics, antihypertensives, cardiovascular drugs, and diabetic medications. The prescribing patterns of these GNPs were not influenced by education, years of practice, or selected practice characteristics. There was a significant difference in the prescribing of inappropriate medication among office‐based GNPs and those who worked in long‐term care settings. The GNPs in the ambulatory care setting had a tendency to prescribe inappropriate medications more frequently than those in long‐term care facilities. Overall, self‐reported prescribing of inappropriate medications among the GNPs participating in this study, however, was low.

Implications for practice: The findings of this study indicate that GNPs are prescribing medications for complex medical conditions.
Hyponatremia as a complication of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Authors: Wright Stephanie K. , Schroeter Stefanie
Published: August 2010

Purpose: To review the literature on hyponatremia as a complication of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the elderly; to summarize the prevalence, clinical findings, treatment modalities, and likely pathophysiological mechanisms related to the problem.

Data sources: All published articles that could be located since Food and Drug Administration approval of this class of medications in 1987, using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsychInfo databases and a case study.

Conclusions: Hyponatremia is a potentially serious complication of the use of SSRIs and is statistically more prevalent in the elderly and in females. Few clinical guidelines exist for managing this potential reaction. No evidence‐based guidelines could be located.

Implications for practice: Since articles describing this phenomenon have been primarily case studies, many healthcare providers may not be aware of this potentially serious complication. Monitoring of serum sodium in elderly female patients starting SSRI therapy seems prudent.
Experiences of women in obtaining human immunodeficiency virus testing and healthcare services
Authors: Blake Barbara J. , Jones Taylor Gloria A. , Reid Paula , Kosowski Margaret
Published: August 2010

Purpose: Over a decade ago, the U.S. Public Health Service recommended routine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing for pregnant women. Despite this recommendation, nearly 30% of pregnant women report not being tested. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe personal experiences of women in obtaining HIV testing and healthcare services in east Texas.

Data sources: A secondary data analysis was conducted using audiotapes and transcriptions from structured group interview data obtained from HIV‐positive and high‐risk negative women residing in east Texas (n = 64).

Conclusions: Content analysis revealed three patterns: living with stigma; struggling to be healthy; and getting along, day by day. Additional findings indicated that women are more likely to access HIV testing if they are assured of confidentiality and women living with HIV are more likely to remain in the healthcare system if healthcare professionals are supportive, knowledgeable, and nonjudgmental.

Implications for practice: Healthcare professionals must engage in self‐reflection to conscientiously uncover their true feelings related to caring for women with or at risk for HIV disease. Once providers acknowledge that their beliefs and values differ from their clients, they will be able to minimize personal biases that interfere with HIV testing and healthcare services.
Original Article: Real time reverse transcription (RRT)‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for detection of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus and European swine influenza A virus infections in pigs
Authors: Slomka Marek J. , Densham Anstice L. E. , Coward Vivien J. , Essen Steve , Brookes Sharon M. , Irvine Richard M. , Spackman Erica , Ridgeon Jonathan , Gardner Rebecca , Hanna Amanda , Suarez David L. , Brown Ian H.
Published: August 2010

Please cite this paper as: Slomka et al. (2010) Real time reverse transcription (RRT)‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for detection of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus and European swine influenza A virus infections in pigs. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(5), 277–293.

Background  There is a requirement to detect and differentiate pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (H1N1v) and established swine influenza A viruses (SIVs) by real time reverse transcription (RRT) PCR methods.

Objectives  First, modify an existing matrix (M) gene RRT PCR for sensitive generic detection of H1N1v and other European SIVs. Second, design an H1 RRT PCR to specifically detect H1N1v infections.

Methods  RRT PCR assays were used to test laboratory isolates of SIV (n = 51; 37 European and 14 North American), H1N1v (n = 5) and avian influenza virus (AIV; n = 43). Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated for swabs (n = 133) and tissues (n = 116) collected from field cases and pigs infected experimentally with SIVs and H1N1v.

Results  The “perfect match” M gene RRT PCR was the most sensitive variant of this test for detection of established European SIVs and H1N1v. H1 RRT PCR specifically detected H1N1v but not European SIVs. Validation with clinical specimens included comparison with virus isolation (VI) as a “gold standard”, while field infection with H1N1v in swine was independently confirmed by sequencing H1N1v amplified by conventional RT PCR. “Perfect match” M gene RRT PCR had 100% sensitivity and 95·2% specificity for swabs, 93·6% and 98·6% for tissues. H1 RRT PCR demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 99·1%, respectively, for the swabs, and 100% and 100% for the tissues.

Conclusions  Two RRT PCRs for the purposes of (i) generic detection of SIV and H1N1v infection in European pigs, and for (ii) specific detection of H1N1v (pandemic influenza) infection were validated.
Cross‐protection between antigenically distinct H1N1 swine influenza viruses from Europe and North America
Authors: De Vleeschauwer Annebel R. , Van Poucke Sjouke G. , Karasin Alexander I. , Olsen Christopher W. , Van Reeth Kristien
Published: August 2010

Please cite this paper as: De Vleeschauwer et al. (2011) Cross‐protection between antigenically distinct H1N1 swine influenza viruses from Europe and North America. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(2), 115–122.

Background  An avian‐like H1N1 swine influenza virus (SIV) is enzootic in swine populations of Western Europe. The virus is antigenically distinct from H1N1 SIVs in North America that have a classical swine virus‐lineage H1 hemagglutinin, as does the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. However, the significance of this antigenic difference for cross‐protection among pigs remains unknown.

Objectives  We examined protection against infection with a North American triple reassortant H1N1 SIV [A/swine/Iowa/H04YS2/04 (sw/IA/04)] in pigs infected with a European avian‐like SIV [A/swine/Belgium/1/98 (sw/B/98)] 4 weeks earlier. We also examined the genetic relationships and serologic cross‐reactivity between both SIVs and with a pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus [A/California/04/09 (Calif/09)].

Results  After intranasal inoculation with sw/IA/04, all previously uninfected control pigs showed nasal virus excretion, high virus titers in the entire respiratory tract at 4 days post‐challenge (DPCh) and macroscopic lung lesions. Most pigs previously infected with sw/B/98 tested negative for sw/IA/04 in nasal swabs and respiratory tissues, and none had lung lesions. At challenge, these pigs had low levels of cross‐reactive virus neutralizing and neuraminidase inhibiting (NI) antibodies to sw/IA/04, but no hemagglutination‐inhibiting antibodies. They showed similar antibody profiles when tested against Calif/09, but NI antibody titers were higher against Calif/09 than sw/IA/04, reflecting the higher genetic homology of the sw/B/98 neuraminidase with Calif/09.

Conclusions  Our data indicate that immunity induced by infection with European avian‐like H1N1 SIV affords protection for pigs against North American H1N1 SIVs with a classical H1, and they suggest cross‐protection against the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus.
The Statistical Interpretation of Forensic Glass Evidence
Authors: Curran James M.
Published: August 2010

When examining a sample of glass fragments recovered from a suspect in a forensic case, many questions arise: “Did this man break that window?”, “Are these fragments from the crime scene source?”, “Do the fragments recovered from the suspect come from more than one source?”, “How common is it to find glass on someone unrelated with crime?” etc. Such questions are usually answered with the help of statistical methods. This paper reviews some of the statistical solutions and problems encountered in the interpretation and evaluation of forensic glass evidence.
Stratification of Skewed Populations: A review
Authors: Horgan Jane M.
Published: August 2010

When Dalenius provided a set of equations for the determination of stratum boundaries of a single auxiliary variable, that minimise the variance of the Horvitz–Thompson estimator of the mean or total under Neyman allocation for a fixed sample size, he pointed out that, though mathematically correct, those equations are troublesome to solve. Since then there has been a proliferation of approximations of an iterative nature, or otherwise cumbersome, tendered for this problem; many of these approximations assume a uniform distribution within strata, and, in the case of skewed populations, that all strata have the same relative variation. What seems to have been missed is that the combination of these two assumptions offers a much simpler and equally effective method of subdivision for skewed populations; take the stratum boundaries in geometric progression.
The Rational and the Irrational in Nationalism
Authors: Kecmanovic Dusan
Published: August 2010

In comparison to other questions related to nationalism (for example, is nationalism more a pre‐modern or modern phenomenon? Is it more of a political or ethno‐cultural nature?), relatively little attention has been devoted to the question of whether nationalism is more rational or irrational. Weber's definition of instrumentally rational and value‐rational action has been used in this analysis to determine to what extent nationalism is rational or irrational. The analysis has focused mainly on those concepts of nationalism and those phenomena associated with nationalism that are predominantly irrational or extra‐rational. Some psychological and anthropological constants constitute the irrational (extra‐rational) side of nationalism. Nationalism as a Janus‐faced phenomenon comprises the irrational (extra‐rational) and the rational. The rational and irrational overlap quite profoundly in numerous manifestations of nationalist behaviour.
National Identity and the Geo‐Soul: Spiritually Mapping Siam
Authors: Ricks Jacob I.
Published: August 2010

This paper investigates the re‐centring of religious identity within the geo‐body in the developing world through the case study of Thailand, formerly Siam. Although by 1932, monarchic rule and colonial powers had demarcated the ‘geo‐body’ of Siam, the national soul was not yet fully cultivated. After the fall of the absolute monarchy, Prime Minister Phibunsongkhram sought to mould the religio‐national identity of Thailand until the religious community's borders coincided with those of the nation‐state. One focus of nationalist leaders' efforts was the adaptation and promotion of Buddhist temples throughout the state. These temples became markers of both geographic and cosmological space, serving to infuse the geographic body with a religio‐national soul. Thus, the nationalism that developed embraced the fusion of the religious identity with the national identity.
Validation of swabs as a non‐destructive and relatively non‐invasive DNA sampling method in fish
Authors: LE VIN A. L. , ADAM A. , TEDDER A. , ARNOLD K. E. , MABLE B. K.
Published: August 2010

Non‐destructive methods of collecting DNA from small fish species can be problematic, as fin clips can potentially affect behaviour or survivorship in the wild. Swabbing body mucus may provide a less invasive method of DNA collection. However, risk of contamination from other individuals in high density groups could give erroneous genotyping results. We compared multilocus microsatellite genotypes from the same individuals when collected at low and high density and compared this with fin clips. We found no differences between these categories, with a genotyping error rate of 0.42%, validating the use of body mucus swabbing for DNA collection in fish.
Genres and the Standards: Teaching the 5 C's through Texts
Authors: Arens Katherine
Published: August 2010

Based on National Standards for Foreign Language Learning (1996), this essay presents a heuristic designed to challenge both the language‐teaching and the literature‐teaching sides of a typical language‐and‐literature department by offering a reconceptualization of what it means to teach language and literature as texts in different genres, anchored in their cultures.
Constructing Interiority in Eighteenth‐Century Narrative Fiction: Wieland'sGeschichte des Agathon
Authors: Martens Lorna
Published: August 2010

Christoph Martin Wieland enjoys a solid reputation as an innovator in the history of the German novel. Scholars have credited him with introducing the Cervantes‐Fielding style with its personal narrator into German narrative. HisGeschichte des Agathonhas often been called the firstBildungsroman. But he innovated in another way as well: by developing narrative techniques for constructing interiority. This article shows that inAgathon, Wieland employs a palette of techniques to display his character's imaginative sensibility, to reveal the contents of his mind, and above all, to show the spectrum of his changing passions. Reflecting the rise of psychology in eighteenth‐century Germany, the psychological theory underlyingAgathonis up to date. Wieland's achievement is to combine existing techniques and invent new techniques for building this psychological theory into the construction of character, and moreover in the context of a narrator‐dominated third‐person novel, where it is least to be expected.
Scandalous Family Relations: Dealing with Darwinism in Wilhelm Raabe's Der Lar
Authors: Brodersen Silke
Published: August 2010

This article discusses Wilhelm Raabe's 1889 story Der Lar as an important and long overlooked literary response to the cultural debate on Darwinism. It argues that the text conducts a narrative experiment that places a Darwinian object (a stuffed gibbon) at the center of a constellation of characters who interact with it in different ways, thereby drawing it into a broad cultural and philosophical discussion. As the ape becomes a figure of reflection for constructing the characters' identities in the story, it also serves as a trope for exploring the impact of Darwinism on bourgeois values and for discussing the proper relationship between science and literature in realism. Ultimately, Der Lar works towards a reconciliation of abstract theory with individual narrative and undertakes a critical assessment of the relevance of science in everyday human life.
Die schwierige Konstitution von Identität zwischen den Welten: Jana HenselsZonenkinder
Authors: Caspari Martina
Published: August 2010

Jana Hensel, geboren 1976, war gerade 13, als die Mauer fiel. In ihrem autobiographischen TextZonenkinderuntersucht sie den Verlust kultureller Identität und gleichzeitig den Verlust der Kindheit und versteht diese Momente als konstitutiv für einen dritten Weg zwischen Ost und West. Das Ankommen in der Gegenwart ist, so die These des vorliegenden Artikels, nur möglich, wo ein Blick zurück gewagt wird, den sich die Generation Hensels lange nicht erlaubt hatte—sie war vielmehr konform mit dem, “was nun angesagt war,” gegangen. Hensel verleugnet zunächst für viele Jahre ihre Herkunft, um ja nicht (als Ossi) aufzufallen. Erst als diese Strategie zugunsten eines kritischen Blickes zurück aufgegeben wird und Kindheit und Jugend in der DDR genau untersucht (und betrauert) werden, ist Hensel imstande, ein neues Selbstverständnis zu entwickeln. Der gleichzeitige und schwer entwirrbare Verlust sowohl von Kindheit als auch von “Heimat als Kindheitsraum” ist notwendig Gegenstand dieses Durcharbeitens — das Zwittertum, das Leben in einem Raum des “in‐between,” einem dritten Ort, der — zumindest von Hensel letztendlich gern gezahlte — Preis.
Die Frühromantik als Projekt vollendeter Mitteilung zwischen den Geschlechtern: Friedrich Schlegel und Dorothea Veit im Gespräch über Friedrich Richters Romane
Authors: Mergenthaler May
Published: August 2010

Die Geschlechtlichkeit des von Friedrich Schlegel initiierten und maßgeblich bestimmten Projekts der Frühromantik hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einer Spaltung innerhalb der Literaturwissenschaft geführt. Auf der einen Seite stehen Interpretationen, die Schlegels frühromantische Ästhetik als androzentrisch und narzisstisch verurteilen und in Dorothea Veits Schriften eine Kritik und Subversion dieser Ästhetik erkennen. Auf der anderen Seite finden sich von der Geschlechterfrage absehende Lektüren der Frühromantik, die ihr entweder Ästhetizismus und Irrationalität vorwerfen oder ein innovatives Potential zuschreiben. In diesem Aufsatz wird versucht, zwischen diesen Forschungsrichtungen eine Brücke zu schlagen, indem ein kommunikativer Begriff der Schlegelschen Frühromantik entwickelt wird. Das Projekt wird als ein paradoxes, ironisch‐poetisches Streben nach vollendeter Mitteilung vermittels eines Gesprächs über die Poesie verstanden, das auch diejenigen mit einbezieht, die es in Frage stellen ‐ sei es eine weibliche Schriftstellerin wie Dorothea Veit, ein romantikkritischer Dichter wie Friedrich Richter oder ein skeptischer Leser.
Fear of Infinity: Friedrich Schlegel's Indictment of Indian Philosophy inÜber die Sprache und die Weisheit der Indier
Authors: Cowan Robert Bruce
Published: August 2010

Friedrich Schlegel's 1808 work,Über die Sprache und die Weisheit der Indier, has been widely credited as a major contribution to the field of linguistics, but also criticized for its supposed racial bias. This article argues that the aspect of the work that has had the most long‐term impact is its indictment of South Asian philosophy and religion, the negative repercussions of which were felt well into the twentieth‐century. After initially being a zealous champion of the ancient wisdom of Indian thought, by 1808, Schlegel harshly criticized South Asian religions as misguided precursors to the perfected system of Christianity. Schlegel's indictment is founded on his inability to reconcile aspects of Hinduism and Buddhism that concern issues of metaphysics and eschatology, but that have no true analogues in the Greco‐Latin or Christian traditions, for Schlegel suffers from a “fear of infinity.”
Kafkas Hungerkünstler: Eine Messiade in humorig verwilderter Form
Authors: Guarda Sylvain
Published: August 2010

Der Aufsatz untersucht Kafkas Parabel Ein Hungerkünstler (1922), die oft zu Unrecht als “Allegorie des Modernismus” oder “eines transzendentalen Nihilismus” erachtet wird. Kafkas Prosa‐Dichtung wird zunächst an eine bis zum Mythos des Tantalus zurückreichende Tradition angeknüpft und dann auf ihre dialektische Spielstruktur hin überprüft. Die Analyse zeigt, dass sich Kafka die kulturüberschreitende Semiotik der Zirkuswelt zu eigen macht, um dem absterbenden Begriff der christlichen Transfiguratio neues Leben einzuhauchen. Der Panther am Erzählschluss enthüllt sich als das Ergebnis einer geheimen Verwandlung und bekräftigt Kafkas Überzeugung von der messianischen Lebenskraft neuer Traumsymbole.
Working Girls: White‐Collar Workers and Prostitutes in Late Weimar Fiction1
Authors: Smith Jill Suzanne
Published: August 2010

This article examines the conflation of the white‐collar working woman and the prostitute in late Weimar fiction, documentary literature and social discourse. In so doing, it traces the emergence of a modern discourse on prostitutes as “sex workers” in German cultural products that predate international feminist debates held in the final decades of the twentieth century. Conducting close readings of Vicki Baum's 1929 serial novelMenschen im Hoteland of Irmgard Keun'sDas kunstseidene Mädchen(1932), the article explores how these two women writers use the figure of the prostitute to deliver a critique of white‐collar work and, at the same time, examine both the limitations of and possibilities for women's work in the final years of the Weimar Republic. It investigates how women's quotidian experience of work and the increasing fluidity of gender boundaries may have changed perceptions concerning the viability of prostitution as a chosen occupation (sex work) or, at the very least, a mode of survival in turbulent times.
At Home in the New Germany? Local Stories and Global Concerns in Yüksel Yavuz's Aprilkinder and Kleine Freiheit
Authors: Kraenzle Christina
Published: August 2010

This paper situates Yüksel Yavuz's films in the context of discussions about identity politics and filmmaking style in Turkish‐German cinema. Scholars have recognized a shift from films of the 1970s and 1980s depicting migrants—characterized by oppression, nostalgia, and binary models of identity—to a contemporary cinema that eschews notions of essential Otherness. Many argue that shifting models of identity necessitate new cinematic styles, in which humor plays a prominent role in dismantling discourses of victimization and positing the “pleasures of hybridity”. This essay shows that while Yavuz's films employ some aesthetic practices familiar from more social‐realist traditions—thereby highlighting the fundamental displeasures of ongoing civil inequalities—they nevertheless explore complex configurations of identities based not just on language or ethnicity but also on gender, sexuality, race and class. Yavuz's films thus comment on changing notions of home and belonging for both migrants and German nationals in ethnically‐mixed urban centers.
Thomas Hettche's Wound Ethics
Authors: Bachner Andrea
Published: August 2010

This essay analyzes the work of Thomas Hettche as the combination of an attention to corporeality with an attempt at developing an alternative ethics. Like several other writers in the context of the turn to the body in recent German writing, Hettche probes medical metaphors, especially dissection, prosthetics, and incubation. For him, however, the body is not only “Schnittfläche,” a cut—and cutting—surface, but a “Schnittstelle,” an interface where differences can be thought together. Hettche's work, reminiscent of poststructuralism's ethical turn, attempts to construct an intrinsic ethics without an a priori transcendental, nor psychoanalytical basis for its injunctions. This ethics hinges upon wounds—as does this essay, formally and thematically obsessed with multiple cuts: wounds conducive to corporeal sympathy instead of psychological empathy; wounds as a site of the radical openness of the same to the other; wounds as the cuts between pain and its textual representation.
Between Authors and Agents: Gender and Affirmative Culture in Das Leben der Anderen
Authors: Schmidt Gary
Published: August 2010

Criticisms of Donnersmarck's highly successful film Das Leben der Anderen (2006) have focused primarily on historical inaccuracies, but the issues at stake in the film have little to do with the reality of life in the GDR and far more with the film's self‐legitimation within a humanist aesthetic tradition. I argue that the film's semiotics of gender—which ascribe to the masculine the qualities of spirit, intellect, and reason, and to the feminine the qualities associated with materiality and corporeality—form the cornerstone of a manifesto for affirmative culture that, surprisingly, even enlists Brecht in order to create a consensus on the apolitical timelessness of art. The vanishing of the feminine at the end of the film coincides with play wright Dreyman's turn to the novelistic form, which eschews the problematic feminine vehicle (Sieland as actress) and allows direct communication between the minds of agent Wiesler and author Dreyman.
Remapping German‐Jewish Studies: Benjamin, Cartography, Modernity
Authors: Presner Todd
Published: August 2010

By examining the entangled places of encounter, exchange, and contamination between German and Jewish, this article argues that German modernity and Jewish modernity are deeply, precariously, and indissociably intertwined. Drawing on its methodology from the field of “mobility studies” (the study of bodies moving through spaces), I argue that we must interrogate the medium in which cultural history is composed and turn our attention to the visualization of narratives of movement, dislocation, and dispersal. I look to Walter Benjamin's urban reflections, the history of modern cartography, the emergence of the railway system, and a web‐based mapping project called “HyperCities” in order to show how the history of German/Jewish modernity might be mapped as layered networks and sites of encounter.
Beyond Subversion: German Jewry and the Poetics of Middlebrow Culture
Authors: Hess Jonathan M.
Published: August 2010

Following in the footsteps of Hannah Arendt's celebration of the “conscious pariah” in her seminal writings of the 1940s, the field of German‐Jewish literary and cultural studies has concerned itself overwhelmingly with the subversive dimension of the German‐Jewish experience. Over the last several decades, figures as diverse as Rahel Varnhagen, Heinrich Heine and even Moses Mendelssohn have been rehabilitated as intellectuals who issued fundamental challenges to the homogenizing and assimilatory project of modernity. In this way, scholarship has often fashioned Jews not as modernity's passive victims but as its most prescient critics. For the vast majority of German Jews in the nineteenth century, nevertheless, German culture was not perceived as monolithic, and a self‐conscious celebration of subversion hardly proved to be the mantra governing their entry into the worlds beyond traditional Jewish culture. Looking at a set of fictional texts by Sara Hirsch Guggenheim, this essay lays out an alternative model for studying German‐Jewish culture, the poetics of acculturation and the complexity of minority identity in nineteenth‐century Germany
The Status of Women and Jews in Moses Mendelssohn's Social Contract Theory: An Exceptional Case1
Authors: Shapiro Susan E.
Published: August 2010

In part taking up Steven Achheim's call not to retrospectively essentialize the termsDeutschtumandJudentumbut, rather, to think them in their “co‐constitutionality”, I argue that such re‐reading points not only to the ways in which a “minority” culture helped shape a “majority” culture in the past, but forward to the claims of contemporary critical political and cultural theory as well. Instead of reading Moses Mendelssohn—the main focus of this essay—as an accommodator to German enlightenment mandates who simply traded Jewish autonomy for civil emancipation, therefore, I suggest re‐reading his Liberal social contract theory in light of contemporary feminist and critical political thought in order to gain a better sense of its novelty and, even, radicality, as well as of how it may provide an alternative, if still imperfect, model of critically thinking together the terms “gender,”“Jewishness,” and “emancipation.”
“Kann schon sein, daß in jedem Buch von ihm etwas Egomäßiges rauszufinden ist”1: “Political” Private Biography and “Private” Private Biography in Günter Grass'sDie Box(2008)
Authors: Taberner Stuart
Published: August 2010

This article examines the tension between private shame and social and political engagement which, it might be argued, permeates Günter Grass's entire æuvre, with specific reference toDie Box. The articles begins with a discussion of “shame” as a motivation for Grass's literary and political work and sets out a distinction between the author's “political” private biography—his youthful admiration for Hitler and hisWaffen SSservice—and the “private” private biography that is concealed within his texts (his neglect of his family, his ambition, self‐obsession and his tendency to vampirize the stories of others). Close analysis of theDie Boxsubsequently explores the author's exposure of this ‘private’ private biography and the way he redeems the shame attached to being “who and what you inalienably are” (Minden). Finally, the article suggests that its reading ofDie Boxmight offer an alternative approach to Grass's work as a whole which focuses less on ‘political’ themes and more on its broader, more timeless exploration of “human nature.”
Writing at the Roche Limit: Order and Entropy in W. G. Sebald's Die Ringe des Saturn
Authors: Gray Richard T.
Published: August 2010

This essay argues that W. G. Sebald's Die Ringe des Saturn is centered thematically and structurally around a dynamic system in which entropy and order, dispersion and coalescence, operate in a delicate balance. Sebald alludes to just such a balanced system in the reference to the physical‐astronomical concept of the Roche limit contained in one of his epigraphs to this text. Just as the Roche limit designates a boundary at which two powerful gravitational forces hold each other in check, Sebald's text is structured around an equilibrium between decomposition and (re‐)organization. The more positive, constructive aspects of this text have often been overlooked due to Sebald's critique of traditional rationalist principles of order. His narrative, however, presents alternative ordering strategies, such as repetition, periodicity, co‐incidence (understood literally), and convergence as counter‐measures to decline and fragmentation. This reading thus calls more broadly for a revision of the widely held view of Sebald's text as a manifestation of nihilism or cultural pessimism.
Virtuoso Servitude and (De)Mobilization in Robert Walser, W. G. Sebald, and the Brothers Quay
Authors: Ruprecht Lucia
Published: August 2010

This article proposes a parallel reading of Robert Walser's novel Jakob von Gunten (1909) and W.G. Sebald's “Ambros Adelwarth” from the collection Die Ausgewanderten (1992), set off against an excursus on the 1995 filmic adaptation of Walser's text by the Quay Brothers, Institute Benjamenta. It focuses on the relevance in Walser of virtuoso forms of servitude as practices of demobilization and desertion at a time when teleological mobility and speed became increasingly synonymous with military mobilization. Walser's counter‐movement to the spirit of impending war is taken up in “Ambros Adelwarth,” yet in a more literal articulation of demobilization and desertion; this text also spells out the undercurrent of rigidity, dysfunction and mortification that runs through Jakob von Gunten. Close intertextual readings are framed by Paolo Virno's concept of “servile virtuosity,” as well as other theoretical considerations of movement and modernity. This essay both extends the growing research on intertextuality in W.G. Sebald towards an author whose impact on the latter has received comparatively little attention, and aims to contribute to the recent focus in German Studies on what one may term psycho‐physicality, clustered around theoretical reconsiderations of posture and gesture.
Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Viscous Flow in a Linear Compressor Cascade With Tip Clearance
Authors: Kang S. , Hirsch C.
Published: August 2010

A Navier–Stokes solver is applied to investigate the three-dimensional viscous flow in a low-speed linear compressor cascade with tip clearance at design and off-design conditions with two different meshes. The algebraic turbulence model of Baldwin–Lomax is used for closure. Relative motion between the blades and wall is simulated for one flow coefficient. Comparisons with experimental data, including flow structure, static and total pressures, velocity profiles, secondary flows and vorticity, are presented for the stationary wall case. It is shown that the code predicts well the flow structure observed in experiments and shows the details of the tip leakage flow and the leading edge horseshoe vortex.
Three-Dimensional Navier–Stokes Analysis and Redesign of an Imbedded Bellmouth Nozzle in a Turbine Cascade Inlet Section
Authors: Giel P. W. , Sirbaugh J. R. , Lopez I. , Van Fossen G. J.
Published: August 2010

Experimental measurements in the inlet of a transonic turbine blade cascade showed unacceptable pitchwise flow nonuniformity. A three-dimensional, Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the imbedded bellmouth inlet in the facility was performed to identify and eliminate the source of the flow nonuniformity. The blockage and acceleration effects of the blades were accounted for by specifying a periodic static pressure exit condition interpolated from a separate three-dimensional Navier–Stokes CFD solution of flow around a single blade in an infinite cascade. Calculations of the original inlet geometry showed total pressure loss regions consistent in strength and location to experimental measurements. The results indicate that the distortions were caused by a pair of streamwise vortices that originated as a result of the interaction of the flow with the imbedded bellmouth. Computations were performed for an inlet geometry that eliminated the imbedded bellmouth by bridging the region between it and the upstream wall. This analysis indicated that eliminating the imbedded bellmouth nozzle also eliminates the pair of vortices, resulting in a flow with much greater pitchwise uniformity. Measurements taken with an installed redesigned inlet verify that the flow nonuniformity has indeed been eliminated.
Suppression of Secondary Flows in a Mixed-Flow Pump Impeller by Application of Three-Dimensional Inverse Design Method: Part 1—Design and Numerical Validation
Authors: Zangeneh M. , Goto A. , Takemura T.
Published: August 2010

This paper describes the design of the blade geometry of a medium specific speed mixed flow pump impeller by using a three-dimensional inverse design method in which the blade circulation (or rVθ) is specified. The design objective is the reduction of impeller exit flow nonuniformity by reducing the secondary flows on the blade suction surface. The paper describes in detail the aerodynamic criteria used for the suppression of secondary flows with reference to the loading distribution and blade stacking condition used in the design. The flow through the designed impeller is computed by Dawes’ viscous code, which indicates that the secondary flows are well suppressed on the suction surface. Comparison between the predicted exit flow field of the inverse designed impeller and a corresponding conventional impeller indicates that the suppression of secondary flows has resulted in substantial improvement in the exit flow field. Experimental comparison of the flow fields inside and at exit from the conventional and the inverse designed impeller is made in Part 2 of the paper.
Suppression of Secondary Flows in a Mixed-Flow Pump Impeller by Application of Three-Dimensional Inverse Design Method: Part 2—Experimental Validation
Authors: Goto A. , Takemura T. , Zangeneh M.
Published: August 2010

In Part 1 of this paper, a mixed-flow pump impeller was designed by a fully three-dimensional inverse design method, aimed at suppressing the secondary flows on the blade suction surface. In this part, the internal flow fields of the impeller are investigated experimentally, using flow visualization and phase-locked measurements of the impeller exit flow, in order to validate the effects of secondary flow suppression. The flow fields are compared with those of a conventional impeller, and it is confirmed that the secondary flows on the blade suction surface are well suppressed and the uniformity of the exit flow fields is improved substantially, in both circumferential and spanwise directions. The effects of tip clearance and the number of blades for the inverse designed impeller are also investigated experimentally and numerically.
Laser Velocimeter Measurements in the Pump of an Automotive Torque Converter: Part I—Average Measurements
Authors: Gruver J. K. , Flack R. D. , Brun K.
Published: August 2010

A torque converter was tested for two turbine/pump rotational speed ratios, 0.065 and 0.800, and a laser velocimeter was used to measure three components of velocity within the pump. Shaft encoders were used to record the instantaneous pump angular position, which was correlated with the velocities. Average flow velocity profiles were obtained for the pump inlet, mid-, and exit planes. Large separation regions were seen in the mid- and exit planes of the pump for a speed ratio of 0.800. Strong counterclockwise secondary flows were observed in the midplane and strong clockwise secondary flows were seen in the exit plane of the pump for all conditions; vorticities were evaluated and are reported. Velocity data were also used to find the torque distribution. For both speed ratios the torque was approximately evenly distributed between the inlet and exit. Finally, slip factors were evaluated at the mid-and exit planes. At the midplane they were approximately the same as for conventional centrifugal pumps; however, at the exit plane the slip factors are larger than for centrifugal pumps.
Evaluation and Prediction of Blade-Passing Frequency Noise Generated by a Centrifugal Blower
Authors: Ohta Y. , Outa E. , Tajima K.
Published: August 2010

The blade-passing frequency noise, abbreviated to BPF noise, of a low-specific-speed centrifugal blower is analyzed by separating the frequency response of the transmission passage and the intensity of the noise source. Frequency response has previously been evaluated by the authors using a one-dimensional linear wave model, and the results have agreed well with the experimental response in a practical range of the blower speed. In the present study, the intensity of the noise source is estimated by introducing the quasi-steady model of the blade wake impingement on the scroll surface. The effective location of the noise source is determined by analyzing the cross-correlation between measured data of the blower suction noise and pressure fluctuation on the scroll surface. Then, the surface density distribution of a dipole noise source is determined from pressure fluctuation expressed in terms of quasi-steady dynamic pressure of the traveling blade wake. Finally, the free-field noise level is predicted by integrating the density spectrum of the noise source over the effective source area. The sound pressure level of the blower suction noise is easily predicted by multiplying the free-field noise level by the frequency-response characteristics of the noise transmission passage.
Ice Accretion on a Radial Inflow Turbine Blade
Authors: Hefazi H. , Kaups K. , Murry R.
Published: August 2010

A computational method for predicting ice accumulation on a radial inflow turbine blade has been developed. The method includes particle trajectory calculations based on a flow field solution, and icing analysis that takes the impinging liquid and formulates a heat balance equation on the surface of the blade. The two-dimensional heat balance model assumes no heat transfer to the surface of the blade. Since there are no known previous calculations or experiments to compare with the prediction of the present method, calculations for several ranges of parameters are performed in order to gain experience. Some qualitative predictions of ice shedding frequencies, types of ice that may be formed, and a design suggestion for reducing ice buildup is also made.
The Four-Herb Chinese Medicine PHY906 Reduces Chemotherapy-Induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity
Authors: Lam Wing , Bussom Scott , Guan Fulan , Jiang Zaoli , Zhang Wei , Gullen Elizabeth A. , Liu Shwu-Huey , Cheng Yung-Chi
Published: August 2010

A traditional Chinese medicine reduces the intestinal toxicity of chemotherapy by inhibiting inflammation and promoting cell proliferation.
Antibodies Against TIM-1 for Asthma Therapy
Authors: Ahmad Shama
Published: August 2010

Blocking specific sites on TIM-1 reduces asthmatic responses.
Early Meeting Sets the Fate
Authors: Minzenberg Michael J.
Published: August 2010

Proteins implicated in Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia are linked in brain development.
Synthesis and/or molecular structures of some simple 2,1,7- and 2,1,12-ruthena- and cobaltacarboranes
Authors: Lopez Maria Elena , Ellis David , Murray Paul R. , Rosair Georgina M. , Welch Alan J. , Yellowlees Lesley J.
Published: August 2010

The ruthenacarboranes 2-(p-cymene)-2,1,7-closo-RuC2B9H11 (2) (p-cymene = 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene) and 2-(p-cymene)-2,1,12-closo-RuC2B9H11 (3) have been synthesised by simple metallation of [7,9-nido-C2B9H11]2– and [2,9-nido-C2B9H11]2–, respectively. In preparing the known cobaltacarborane 2-(η-C5H5)-2,1,12-closo-CoC2B9H11 (6), the new bis(dicarbollide) [2,2′-Co(1,12-closo-C2B9H11)2]– (as its [(η-C5H5)2Co]+ salt; 7) was also formed. Molecular structures of 2, 3, 6 and 7 and that of the known compound 2-(η-C5H5)-2,1,7-closo-CoC2B9H11 (5) have been determined. Patterns in 〈δ(11B)〉, the weighted average 11B NMR chemical shift, of these metallacarboranes, together with those in 3-(p-cymene)-3,1,2-closo-RuC2B9H11 (1) and 3-(η-C5H5)-3,1,2-closo-CoC2B9H11 (4) are discussed in relation to 〈δ(11B)〉 in the parent carboranes 1,2-closo-C2B10H12, 1,7-closo-C2B10H12 and 1,12-closo-C2B10H12. The similarity between the 1H and 11B spectra of 6 and 7 confirm the isolobality of the [C5H5]– and [C2B9H11]2– ligands. An electrochemical study of 7 confirms that trends in the potential of the CoIII/CoII couple for the series of isomers of (η-C5H5)CoC2B9H11 are reproduced for the bis(dicarbollides) [Co(C2B9H11)2]–. The molecular structures of compounds 1–3 as a family and 4–6 as a family provide a unique opportunity to consider structural patterns in simple isomeric metallacarboranes.
A novel QTL for Septoria speckled leaf blotch resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) accession PI 643302 by whole-genome QTL mapping
Authors: Yu G. T. , Franckowiak J. D. , Lee S. H. , Horsley R. D. , Neate S. M.
Published: August 2010

Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB), caused by Septoria passerinii , is one of the most important foliar diseases of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) in North America. The primary problem caused by this disease is substantial yield loss. The objective of this study was to determine the chromosomal location of SSLB resistance genes in the barley accession PI 643302. A recombinant inbred line population was developed from the cross Zhenongda 7/PI 643302. PI 643302 is resistant while Zhenongda 7 is susceptible to SSLB. The population was phenotyped for SSLB resistance in five experiments in the greenhouse. A linkage map comprising 113 molecular markers was constructed and simplified composite interval mapping was performed. Two QTLs, designated QrSp-1H and QrSP-2H, were found. QrSp-1H was found on the short arm of chromosome 1H (1HS) in all five experiments and showed a large effect against SSLB. Based on the location of QrSp-1H, it is likely the SSLB resistance gene Rsp2. The QTL QrSp-2H mapped to the distal region on the long arm of chromosome 2H (2HL), had a smaller effect than QrSp-1H, and was also detected consistently in all five experiments. A QTL for SSLB resistance in the same region on chromosome 2H has not been reported previously in either cultivated or wild barley; thus, QrSp-2H is a new QTL for SSLB resistance in barley.
Development of genome-specific 5S rDNA markers in Brassica and related species for hybrid testing
Authors: La Mura Maurizio , Norris Carol , Sporle Sue , Jayaweera Dasuni , Greenland Andy , Lee David
Published: August 2010

The Brassicaceae are targets for DNA manipulation to modify oil content and composition. However, any strategy for creating novel products using genetic modification or traditional breeding must take into account the potential for hybridization with other Brassica species, many of which are important sources of edible oils. In this study we have tested Brassica carinata , a possible target for oil modification, to establish whether it can cross with other Brassica species and related genera, and we have developed molecular DNA assays to confirm hybridization.