bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of corporate governance in reducing the global financial crisis implications in light of the Central Bank of Jordan
Authors: AL Qaisi Fouzan
Published: August 2020

The study aims to test the role of the measures implemented by the Central Bank of Jordan to reduce the effect of financial crisis on the Jordanian banks, using two independent variables (loans and advances rate, overnight deposit window), which are the actions of the Central Bank of Jordan, and four dependent variables (liquidity ratio, ROA ratio, capital adequacy ratio, non-performing loans ratio), which are financial stability indicators for the banks for six years (2005–2011). To get the study results, these data are measured and analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). It was found that the actions of the Central Bank of Jordan (loans and advances rate, overnight deposit window rate): have a statistically significant impact on the non-performing loans ratio (2005–2011); do not have a statistically significant impact on the capital adequacy ratio (2005–2011); have a statistically significant impact on ROA ratio (2005–2011); do not have a statistically significant impact on the liquidity ratio (2005–2011).
Meconium peritonitis: review of literature and own clinical observations
Authors: E.N. Glavatskaya , O.V. Pribushenya , N.A. Venchikova
Published: August 2020

Two clinical cases of meconium peritonitis in the fetuses are presented. The diagnosis was made prenatally
at 30+5 and 20+1 weeks of gestation. The main ultrasound signs were ascites, loop expansion and thickening of
the intestinal wall, peritoneal calcifications, meconium pseudocysts. In one case, pregnancy was complicated by
polyhydramnios. In both cases, the pregnancy ended in premature birth, followed by surgical treatment during
the first days of life. A review of the literature on the topic are discussed the etiology, the spectrum and frequency
of ultrasound signs suggesting this condition in the fetus, the effectiveness of prenatal diagnosis, the prognosis
for the life and health of the newborn, as well as the impact of the quality and timeliness of the prenatal diagnosis
on the management of pregnancy and timeliness of surgical care for the newborn.
Familial case of microdeletion 22q11.2 syndrome in a second trimester
fetus
Authors: I.V. Novikova, N.A. Venchikova, E.G. Trebka et all
Published: August 2020

A case of microdeletion syndrome 22q11.2 in a fetus aborted after prenatal diagnosis is presented. Ultrasound
screening at 20+3 weeks of gestation revealed a common arterial trunk, type 1 with the right aortic arch, thymic
hypoplasia and so DiGeorge's syndrome was suspected. A cytogenetic study and FISH of a woman's amniotic
fluid and blood lymphocytes were performed. In the fetus and mother, the aberration of chromosome 22 is
established — microdeletion del(22)(q11.21q11.21). A molecular cytogenetic study of the blood of parents
made it possible to establish the inherited nature of the pathology. The diagnosis of the fetus is confirmed by
pathomorphological examination.
System response curve correction method of runoff error for real-time flood forecast
Authors: Li Qian , Li Caisong , Yu Huanfei , Qian Jinglin , Hu Linlin , Ge Hangjian
Published: August 2020

Multiple factors including rainfall and underlying surface conditions make river basin real-time flood forecasting very challenging. It is often necessary to use real-time correction techniques to modify the forecasting results so that they reach satisfactory accuracy. There are many such techniques in use today; however, they tend to have weak physical conceptual basis, relatively short forecast periods, unsatisfactory correction effects, and other problems. The mechanism that affects real-time flood forecasting error is very complicated. The strongest influencing factors corresponding to this mechanism affect the runoff yield of the forecast model. This paper proposes a feedback correction algorithm that traces back to the source of information, namely, modifies the watershed runoff. The runoff yield error is investigated using the principle of least squares estimation. A unit hydrograph is introduced into the real-time flood forecast correction; a feedback correction model that traces back to the source of information. The model is established and verified by comparison with an ideal model. The correction effects of the runoff yield errors are also compared in different ranges. The proposed method shows stronger correction effect and enhanced prediction accuracy than the traditional method. It is also simple in structure and has a clear physical concept without requiring added parameters or forecast period truncation. It is readily applicable in actual river basin flood forecasting scenarios.
Air-drying bed as an alternative treatment for UASB sludge under tropical conditions
Authors: Lopes Bruna Coelho , Rodrigues Hortência Franco , Costa Thais Ester Rodrigues , Batista Ana Maria Moreira , Filho Cesar Rossas Mota , Araújo Juliana Calábria , Matos Antonio Teixeira de
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the behaviour of pathogens and microbial indicators during dewatering of sludge from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating real domestic wastewater under tropical conditions. The sludge was dewatered in air-drying beds during wet and dry seasons and was monitored for 90 days. Culture-based methods, direct microscopy identification and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, were used to evaluate pathogenic and microbiological indicator microorganisms in the sludge. Thermotolerant coliforms and coliphages (somatic and male F-specific) were monitored as bacterial and viral indicators, respectively. Pathogenic organisms monitored included Salmonella spp., Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, pathogenic Escherichia coli strains (intimin-coding genes), Campylobacter jejuni, Cryptosporidium spp., adenovirus, and viable helminths eggs. Results revealed that microbial indicators did not show a significant variation between the dry and wet seasons, as it was verified for some pathogens. During the 90 days of sludge dewatering, the air-drying bed was able to remove microbial indicators and the pathogenic organisms E. coli, S. Typhimurium, and Cryptosporidium spp. (when present). Pathogenic C. jejuni, S. Enteriditis, and adenovirus decreased 0.5–1.7, 0.3–0.4, and 2.6–4.8 log units, respectively. These results highlight the potential of air-drying beds as a simple and low-cost process for sludge dewatering and hygienisation.
Impact of wave action and rainfall on incidence and antibiotic resistance of total coliforms in Southern California beaches
Authors: Hernandez Rebecca , Acedo Ismael , Dillon Jesse G.
Published: August 2020

Coliforms are important bacterial contamination indicators in recreational waters. Little is known about the antibiotic resistance of coliforms from Southern California beaches. This study examined the numbers of coliforms as well as the incidence of antibiotic-resistant coliforms in beaches with restricted and non-restricted wave action by sampling from the shores of both types of beaches following dry and wet weather. Total coliforms were selected by membrane filtration onto mEndo agar and then enumerated. Randomly selected isolates from each location were screened for resistance to nine classes of antibiotics by disk diffusion, and the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was calculated. Numbers of total coliforms were significantly higher following rain compared to dry weather. Total coliform numbers were not significantly elevated at non-restricted wave action sites. Restricted wave action sites had a 78.5% increase in MAR index following wet weather compared to dry weather. Resistance to ampicillin was observed in almost 50% of isolates and was not significantly impacted by wave action or weather. Minimum inhibitory concentration testing revealed that many isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin. This study is the first to report on the antibiotic resistance of coliforms found in Southern California beaches and highlights the prevalence of ampicillin resistance.
Removal of heavy metals from wastewater by natural growing plants on River Nile banks in Egypt
Authors: Abd-Elaal Alaa-Eldin M. , Aboelkassem Amany , Gad Ali A. M. , Ahmed Saber A. S.
Published: August 2020

Green remediation is a known technology that uses different types of plants to extract contaminants from the environment. This study aims to remove heavy metals from treated wastewater by using natural growing plants on River Nile banks in Egypt. Secondary treated efﬂuent was collected from West Gerga wastewater treatment plant, located in Sohag city, Egypt. Experiments using two types of aquatic plants were carried out. They were planted individually and in combination with different densities on the secondary treated wastewater surface for 10 days' retention time to remove cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb). It was concluded that both plants have high capabilities to remove heavy metals directly from treated wastewater. The removal efficiency of Cd and Pb was higher when they were planted together than when individually planted. A positive relationship was observed between detention time and heavy metals removal. The removal efficiency of heavy metals increased with the increase of plant density for both plant types. Also, the availability of aquatic plants and their free cost makes their use an economically attractive alternative. In addition, the removal of these plants from River Nile improves the performance of water distribution networks in Egypt.
Preparation of grafting copolymer of acrylic acid onto loess surface and its adsorption behavior
Authors: Tang Fengqin , Gao Di , Wang Li , He Yufeng , Song Pengfei , Wang Rongmin
Published: August 2020

Loess is a typical natural mineral particle distributed widely around the world, and it is inexpensive, readily accessible, and harmless to the environment. In this study, loess was modified by surface grafting copolymerization of functional monomers, such as acrylic acid, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linking agent, which afforded a novel loess-based grafting copolymer (LC-PAVP). After being characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, its adsorption capacity and mechanism of removing lead ions (Pb2+) were investigated. With the study of the optimal experimental conditions, it was demonstrated that the removal rate of Pb2+ by LC-PAVP can reach up to 99.49% in 60 min at room temperature. It was also found that the kinetic characteristics of the adsorption capacity due to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the thermodynamics conformed well with the Freundlich model. In summary, as a lost-cost and eco-friendly loess-based adsorbent, LC-PAVP is a good potential material for wastewater treatment.
Minas que pixam
Authors: Firmino Amarante Natalia
Published: August 2020

O muro é um espaço político. Pixar e graffitar não são apenas atos subversivos, mas serve para perpetuar práticas machistas e misóginas.  Em Natal-RN, a prática da pichação e do grafitti foi, por um longo tempo, marcado pela presença dos homens. Entretanto, após o fortalecimento das discussões feministas e a midiatização da cultura hip-hop, cada vez mais mulheres foram ocupando os espaços, usando as tintas e confrontando suas idéias nos lugares que reproduzem um sistema de mortificação dos corpos femininos e afeminados. Entre os anos de 2013 e 2019 desenvolvi um trabalho etnográfico acerca do que chamei de “pixação dissidente” - que se refere a prática de manifestação política - de mulheres  - nos muros de Natal/RN. Nesse processo, acompanhei algumas pixadoras e grafiteiras (que também fazem pixo) durante suas práticas e fiz registros fotográficos e filmográficos. Com esse ensaio fotográfico tenho o objetivo de expor essas narrativas visuais sobre como o “gênero” aparece enquanto manifestação artística. Nesse sentido, tintas e muros são elementos utilizados como formas de reagir e dar visibilidades a suas presenças e vozes, tornando acessíveis suas experiências e construções sobre o que é “ser mulher” na cidade.
PERFIL DA MORTALIDADE NEONATAL EM ALAGOAS NO PERÍODO DE 2008 A 2017
Authors: Barros de Medeiros Valéria Alves , Dos Santos Bezerra Isabelle Nancy , Monteiro Fernanda Silva , Mota Luciana de Melo
Published: August 2020

Introdução: A Mortalidade Neonatal (MN) é o principal componente dos índices de Mortalidade Infantil (MI) representando no primeiro ano de vida, mais de 70% dos óbitos, com principal ocorrência entre os neonatais precoces. Objetivo: A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo delinear o Perfil da Mortalidade Neonatal no Estado de Alagoas, durante o período de 2008 a 2017. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagens quantitativas, do tipo retrospectivas, utilizando dados secundários disponibilizados pelo Setor de Vigilância de Óbitos da Secretária de Saúde do Estado de Alagoas (SESAU). Os dados selecionados foram referentes aos registros de óbitos neonatais ocorridos entre 0 a 28 dias incompletos de vida, registrados em Alagoas no período de 2008 a 2017. Para realização distribuições proporcionais foi utilizado o programa estatístico BioEstat versão 5.3. Resultados e Discussões: Os resultados revelaram no período do estudo 5.647 óbitos neonatais em Alagoas. Destes (12,6%) registrados em 2018. Sendo (55,6%) no sexo masculino, (25,5%) com peso entre 501 g<1kg, (77,5%) entre idade menor que 7 dias de vida, e como causa principal o Desconforto Respiratório do recém-nascido (19,6%). Conclusão: O conhecimento das características da Mortalidade Neonatal no Estado de Alagoas, contribui para a eliminação dos riscos e o alcance de uma assistência à saúde com equidade, possibilitando a formulação de ações que promovam a melhoria da assistência prestada ao neonato, reduzindo assim as Taxas de Mortalidade.
AVALIAÇÃO DO ATRIBUTO DERIVADO ORIENTAÇÃO FAMILIAR NA SAÚDE DA CRIANÇA
Authors: Silva Tássia Virgínia dos Santos , Santos Katarina Marcia Rodrigues dos , Ferreira Tainara Lôrena dos Santos , Andrade Fábia Barbosa de
Published: August 2020

Introdução: O contexto familiar e social influência nas situações de saúde durante a infância, sendo a orientação familiar um mediador importante entre a família e os profissionais da saúde. Objetivo: avaliar a presença e extensão do atributo orientação familiar sob a ótica dos familiares de crianças inscritas em serviços de puericultura. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo avaliativo, quantitativo, de caráter descritivo, com amostra composta por 186 pais/responsáveis de crianças de 0 à 2 anos dos serviços de puericultura da cidade de Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, utilizando um questionário validado no Brasil denominado PCA Tools, versão para crianças. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que os profissionais não conhecem as famílias (48,9%), incluindo os agravos principais (45,7%), entretanto 79,6% afirmaram que sim a respeito dos antecedentes familiares. Para 63,4% eles não sabem sobre os empregos dos familiares, porém estão cientes sobre a dificuldade para obter recursos financeiros para medicação (47,3%). Referente a conhecerem a ideologia sobre o tratamento e autocuidado, 50,5% acreditam que sim. Conclusão: Embora os serviços de saúde da rede da Atenção Primária à Saúde possibilitem maior aproximação com o usuário dos serviços de saúde, bem como  com seu contexto familiar e social e tenham sido responsáveis por grandes avanços na saúde pública, ainda se faz necessário implementação de medidas e estratégias para garantir o cumprimento do atributo orientação familiar.
IMPACTO DA ALTERAÇÃO DE DIMENSÃO VERTICAL NA DISFUNÇÃO TEMPOROMANDIBULAR: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Melo Laércio Almeida de , Braga Luciana , Faria Júlio , Leite Fabíola , De Figueirêdo Oséas Jéssica Mayara , Almeida Erika
Published: August 2020

Introdução:A Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM) é uma condição bastante frequente na população mundial e a identificação de fatores causais, junto ao seu tratamento é de suma relevância para a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. Objetivo:Objetivou-se por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura de todos os tipos de estudos, avaliar se a perda de dimensão vertical impacta no aparecimento das disfunções temporomandibulares. Método:As estratégias de busca foram realizadas nas bases de dados “Cochrane Library”, “MEDLINE”, “Web of Science”, “Scopus”, “LILACS”, “Scielo” e “Google Acadêmico”, utilizando os seguintes descritores e/ou palavras: “Temporomandibular Joint Disorders"; "Craniomandibular Disorders”; “Occlusion Vertical Dimension”; “Occlusion Vertical Dimensions”; “Vertical Dimension of Occlusion”; “Vertical Dimension”. Resultados:Um total de 4 artigos foram incluídos nesta revisão.A maioria dos estudos demostram que na presença de uma DVO diminuída, o sistema estomatognático é capaz de adaptar-se, não provocando o aparecimento de DTM. Conclusões:Como conclusão, os resultados indicam que não há evidência científica suficiente que permita afirmar que a perda de dimensão vertical predispõe ao aparecimento de sinais e sintomas relacionados à disfunção temporomandibular.
GESTÃO DE CUSTOS NO SERVIÇO PÚBLICO: PROPOSTA DE METODOLOGIA PARA ANÁLISE E CONTROLE EM UNIDADES DE ALIMENTAÇÃO E NUTRIÇÃO
Authors: De Araújo Pereira Leonara Carla , Flor Taiana Brito Menêzes , Calazans Dinara Leslye Macedo e Silva
Published: August 2020

Introdução: A contabilidade de custos é uma etapa importante na gestão pública para otimizar os gastos e diminuir desperdícios, representando um indicador de eficiência econômica. Contudo, é uma atividade complexa, onde a maioria dos custos é de difícil obtenção, especialmente em Unidades de alimentação e nutrição (UANs), devido à variação no número de refeições e matéria prima, e indisponibilidade de custos indiretos individualizados.  Objetivo: Apresentar uma proposta metodológica para cálculo do custo-refeição em UANs vinculadas a serviços públicos. Método: Esta proposta surgiu de um estudo prático realizado no restaurante da Escola Agrícola de Jundiaí/UFRN. Para a composição do custo-refeição foram observados os componentes dos custos diretos e indiretos. Os preços unitários por material/serviço foram obtidos por meio das atas de licitações e contratos. Resultados: A análise individual de cada componente permitiu verificar a necessidade de estabelecer diretrizes para os custos, obtendo-se os seguintes direcionamentos: gêneros de alimentação – elaboração das fichas técnicas de preparação de, no mínimo, dois cardápios semanais completos e preços por gênero calculados por média ponderada; material de limpeza, telefonia, gás de cozinha e água mineral - análise do gasto trimestral; energia elétrica – análise da potência, tempo e horário de funcionamento de cada equipamento e cálculo do gasto de energia conforme tarifas na “ponta” e “fora da ponta”; despesas com manutenção de equipamentos e instalações, material de expediente e descartável – análise semestral e, todos os cálculos efetuados utilizando a média mensal. Por fim, a partir do custo com gêneros alimentícios foram calculados os pesos de cada refeição e gerada a unidade-refeição, obtendo-se o custo final por meio da soma do custo de cada refeição com o produto de seu peso vezes a unidade-refeição. Conclusões: A presente proposta apresenta uma perspectiva prática e fidedigna para o cálculo de custo-refeição.
ANÁLISE DE NDVI E TEMPERATURA DA SUPERFÍCIE TERRESTRE UTILIZANDO A PLATAFORMA DO GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE EM ÁREA DE SAVANA AMAZÔNICA E FLORESTA SECUNDÁRIA, NO MUNICÍPIO DE VIGIA – PA
Authors: Cavalcante Juliane da Costa , Almeida Crislayne Azevedo , Bandeira Castelo Thiago
Published: August 2020

A Savana Amazônica é um ecossistema com carência de estudos científicos sobre os efeitos das mudanças de uso da terra e da temperatura da superfície terrestre. Além disso, as florestas secundárias na Amazônia são áreas que podem ser afetadas pelas mudanças de uso da terra, haja vista o seu relacionamento fronteiriço com a savana. Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo: i) analisar o Índice da Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) em regiões de Savana amazônica e floresta secundária e ii) verificar o comportamento da temperatura superficial da terra no município de Vigia, Estado do Pará utilizando a plataforma Google Earth Engine (GEE). Justifica-se a escolha do município de Vigia devido o seu território comportar ecossistemas de savana e floresta secundária e sofrer pressões humanas devido à inflexão de atividades agropecuárias ao longo dos anos. Os resultados do estudo revelaram que as temperaturas da superfície terrestre em Vigia giram em torno dos 28,91°C (mínima) e 31,71°C (máxima). Além disso, os NDVI próximos de 1 em áreas de floresta secundária, exceção do ano de 2014 (0,23) mostram que apesar das mudanças antrópicas na terra, o ecossistema conserva boa parte de sua vegetação, onde a plataforma GEE se mostra capaz de auxiliar no planejamento e monitoramento de áreas de savana e floresta secundária.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES DE ABASTECIMENTO DE ÁGUA E ESGOTAMENTO SANITÁRIO NOS DIFERENTES GRAUS DE VULNERABILIDADE SOCIOAMBIENTAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE JOÃO PESSOA, PB.
Authors: Pereira Floriza Maria da Silva , Cunico Camila
Published: August 2020

Nas últimas décadas, o Brasil passou por mudanças significativas em termos da construção das cidades e alguns estudiosos defendem que estes lugares atuam como mecanismos de exclusão, pois os centros são dotados de infraestrutura e as periferias caracterizam-se como um espaço distante e subequipado que predominantemente apresenta populações de baixa renda. Estas características possibilitam o risco e a privação de infraestrutura adequada que produz riscos à saúde humana, qualidade de vida e degradação ambiental, configurando em vulnerabilidade socioambiental. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar e avaliar as condições de esgotamento sanitário e de abastecimento de água nos diferentes graus de vulnerabilidade socioambiental, pelo uso de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) do município de João Pessoa, localizado no estado de Paraíba para o ano de 2010. A metodologia consiste na sobreposição cartográfica e espacialização de seis variáveis do Censo Demográfico de 2010 do IBGE e como resultados tem-se que ao relacionar as variáveis elencadas de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário com as classes de vulnerabilidade socioambiental mais intensas (“Alta” e “Muito Alta”), observou-se que a distribuição de água e coleta de esgoto não estão necessariamente relacionadas a áreas de maior vulnerabilidade socioambiental como preconiza a hipótese aplicada ao trabalho.
DETECÇÃO TEMPORAL DE IMPACTOS EM ÁREAS CONFLITANTES E USO DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS NO SEMIÁRIDO DA PARAÍBA
Authors: Sousa Jana Yres Barbosa de , Velozo André Luiz Soares , Pereira José Rodrigues , Santos Gustavo Fernando , Araújo Sandro Roberto Dias , Araújo Silvia Noelly Ramos de
Published: August 2020

O semiárido nordestino apresenta irregularidades climáticas e geomorfológicas além da baixa pluviometria, indicando baixos volumes em seus mananciais. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar um diagnóstico de caráter qualitativo dos conflitos ambientas e do uso dos recursos hídricos precisamente no município de Monteiro, localizado na microrregião do Cariri Ocidental da Paraíba, na região do alto curso do rio Paraíba. A pesquisa foi realizada entre os anos de 2014 e 2016 sendo destacados os aspectos físicos e socioambientais para identificação das atividades agrícolas, agropastoris e da contaminação das águas do rio por meio de agrotóxicos e resíduos domésticos. As atividades agropastoris e agrícolas nos anos destacados contribuíram de certa forma para observar o uso de materiais poluentes, levando à contaminação das reservas hídricas existentes na região. Os conflitos mais impactantes, das atividades antrópicas, estenderam-se mais entre o eixo leste onde os níveis de poluentes totalizaram uma área de 16,1 km em relação ao eixo sul do Rio Paraíba, em 2014. Em 2016 a área conflitante teve um aumento de 22,5 km, próximos ao açude Poções, manancial da região, o qual está incluído no Projeto de Integração do Rio São Francisco, elevando, portanto, o nível de contaminações e perda de vegetação.
THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF STUDENT’S YOUTH
Authors: KOKH Ivan A. , BIRUKOVA Tatyana S. , SKUTIN Anton S.
Published: August 2020

Political culture and political activity of young people in socio-political changes is of particular significance for modern Russian society, which has been undergoing large-scale socio-economic and political reforms in recent decades. The relevance of the research is determined by the role played by young people in socio-political processes in society. Studying the attitude of young people to political processes, value orientations and civic activity of the younger generation allows us to assess the changes that have occurred in the political consciousness and determine the strategy of youth policy in the country.
The purpose of the research is to identify the values and political attitudes of students, to study their attitude to political changes and events in modern Russia.
System analysis, axiological and activity-based approaches are used as theoretical and methodological bases, which allow identifying and arguing the specifics of political culture and political behavior of social groups, in particular young people, continuity and General socio-cultural factors of their formation.
The paper uses the method of mass sociological survey of students of all faculties of the Ural state mining University (425 respondents were interviewed) on the content and nature of the political culture of students, conducted in November-December 2018.
Based on a representative mass sociological survey, the article examines the prerequisites, value orientations and activity of students in the political life of the country. the article analyzes the state of political culture of young people and the main trends in its development. Attention is paid to the issues of instability of political views among young people and activism in issues related to the spheres of interests of young people.
As a result of the research, values and political orientations, as well as socio-political activity of students are established. According to the results of our research, we can conclude that in General, young people reproduce the spectrum of the main political orientations and attitudes that have developed in Russian society.
The results of this research can be used in the work of secondary vocational education institutions, higher education institutions, government agencies and municipal institutions that organize work with young people.
SMART SUSTAINABLE CITIES: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE NORDIC COUNTRIES
Authors: KARAGULIAN Egine A. , BATYREVA Maria V.
Published: August 2020

A review of the literature on the theory and practice of creating smart cities shows that there is no common understanding of the concept of a smart city, as well as the goals of its creation. The concept of a smart sustainable city has been gaining popularity in recent years and is being actively implemented in various countries. It is considered as a means of solving social, economic, and environmental problems caused by urbanization. The Nordic countries have achieved the greatest success in its implementation. The purpose of the article is to analyze the existing theories on the concept of smart sustainable cities, as well as the most successful experience of their creation in the Nordic countries. This analysis will allow us to determine the most optimal technologies for implementation in Russian practice.
The methodological approach of this study includes a systematic review of the literature on smart cities, with an emphasis on those that focus on conceptual development and provide an empirical database. The review shows that the literature reveals three types of driving forces of smart sustainable cities. These are technologies, communities, and public policy which are associated with such areas of their development as improving the population welfare and the life quality in cities, productivity, and efficiency of their functioning and management. But this experience is not taken into account in the development of Russian programs for creating smart cities.
The article presents a comprehensive study of the experience of Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland in creating smart sustainable cities, digitalizing the economy of countries, and at the same time in achieving the goals of sustainable development.
Copper-Induced Epigenetic Changes Shape the Clinical Phenotype in Wilson’s Disease
Authors: Fanni Daniela , Gerosa Clara , Nurchi Valeria Marina , Cappai Rosita , Mureddu Marta , Eyken Peter Van , Saba Luca , Manchia Mirko , Faa Gavino
Published: August 2020

Wilson's disease is a congenital disorder of copper metabolism whose pathogenesis
remains, at least in part, unknown. Subjects carrying the same genotype may show completely
different phenotypes, differing for the age at illness onset or for the hepatic, neurologic or
psychiatric clinical presentation. The inability to find a unequivocal correlation between the
type of mutation in the ATPase copper transporting beta (ATP7B) gene and the phenotypic
manifestation, has encouraged many authors to look for epigenetic factors interacting with the
genetic changes. Here, the evidences regarding the ability of copper overload to change the
global DNA methylation status are discussed.
Plant Compounds for the Treatment of Diabetes, a Metabolic Disorder: NF-κB as a Therapeutic Target
Authors: Sahukari Ravi , Punabaka Jyothi , Bhasha Shanmugam , Ganjikunta Venkata S. , Ramudu Shanmugam K. , Kesireddy Sathyavelu R.
Published: August 2020

Background:

The prevalence of diabetes in the world population hás reached 8.8 % and is expected to
rise to 10.4% by 2040. Hence, there is an urgent need for the discovery of drugs against therapeutic targets to
sojourn its prevalence. Previous studies proved that NF-κB serves as a central agent in the development of diabetic
complications.

Objectives:

This review intended to list the natural plant compounds that would act as inhibitors of NF-κB signalling
in different organs under the diabetic condition with their possible mechanism of action.

Methods:

Information on NF-κB, diabetes, natural products, and relation in between them, was gathered from
scientific literature databases such as Pubmed, Medline, Google scholar, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley online
library.

Results and Conclusion:

NF-κB plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic complications because of its
link in the expression of genes that are responsible for organs damage such as kidney, brain, eye, liver, heart,
muscle, endothelium, adipose tissue and pancreas by inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Activation of
PPAR-α, SIRT3/1, and FXR through many cascades by plant compounds such as terpenoids, iridoids, flavonoids,
alkaloids, phenols, tannins, carbohydrates, and phytocannabinoids recovers diabetic complications. These compounds
also exhibit the prevention of NF-κB translocation into the nucleus by inhibiting NF-κB activators, such
as VEGFR, RAGE and TLR4 receptors, which in turn, prevent the activation of many genes involved in tissue
damage. Current knowledge on the treatment of diabetes by targeting NF-κB is limited, so future studies would
enlighten accordingly.
2,4-Dioxochroman Moiety Linked to 1,2,3-triazole Derivatives as Novel α-glucosidase Inhibitors: Synthesis, In vitro Biological Evaluation, and Docking Study
Authors: Mollazadeh Marjan , Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani Maryam , Valizadeh Yousef , Zonouzi Afsaneh , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali , Hariri Parsa , Biglar Mahmood , Larijani Bagher , Hamedifar Haleh , Mahdavi Mohammad , Sepehri Nima
Published: August 2020

In this study, a novel series of 2,4-dioxochroman-1,2,3-triazole hybrids 8a-l
was synthesized by click reaction. These compounds were screened against α-glucosidase
through in vitro and in silico evaluations. All the synthesized hybrids exhibited excellent
α-glucosidase inhibition in comparison to standard drug acarbose. Representatively,
3-((((1-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)amino)methylene)chroman-2,4-
dione 8h with IC50 = 20.1 ± 1.5 μM against α-glucosidase, was 37-times more potent than
acarbose. Enzyme kinetic study revealed that compound 8h was a competitive inhibitor
against α-glucosidase. In silico docking study on chloro derivatives 8h, 8g, and 8i were
also performed in the active site of α -glucosidase. Evaluations on obtained interaction
modes and binding energies of these compounds confirmed the results obtained through in
vitro α-glucosidase inhibition.
Antimicrobial Properties of Actively Purified Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Different Marine Organisms
Authors: Bamunuarachchi Nilushi I. , Khan Fazlurrahman , Kim Young-Mog
Published: August 2020

Background:

The treatment of infection caused by pathogenic bacteria becomes one of the
serious concerns globally. The failure in the treatment was found due to the exhibition of multiple resistance
mechanisms against the antimicrobial agents. The emergence of resistant bacterial species has
also been observed due to prolong treatment using conventional antibiotics. To combat these problems,
several alternative strategies have been employed using biological and chemically synthesized compounds
as antibacterial agents. Marine organisms are considered as one of the potential sources for the
isolation of bioactive compounds due to the easily available, cost-effective, and eco-friendly.

Methods:

The online search methodology was adapted for the collection of information related to the antimicrobial properties of marine-derived compounds. These compound has been isolated and purified by different purification techniques, and
their structure also characterized. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities have been reported by using broth microdilution as
well as disc diffusion assays.

Results:

The present review paper describes the antimicrobial effect of diverse secondary metabolites which are isolated and
purified from the different marine organisms. The structural elucidation of each secondary metabolite has also been done in
the present paper, which will help for the in silico designing of the novel and potent antimicrobial compounds.

Conclusion:

A thorough literature search has been made and summarizes the list of antimicrobial compounds that are isolated from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic marine organisms. The information obtained from the present paper will be helpful for the application of marine compounds as antimicrobial agents against different antibiotic-resistant human pathogenic
bacteria.
Focus on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Prunus lycioides (=Amygdalus lycioides)
Authors: Cavalloro Valeria , Bracco Francesco , Collina Simona , Martino Emanuela
Published: August 2020

Prunus lycioides (Spach) C.K. Schneid. (= Amygdalus lycioides Spach.), popularly recognized
as “Badam Talkh kuhi”, is an endemic species of Iran. It is widely distributed in Central and
West Asia, where it plays a role in preventing and controlling soil erosion. Although domestic species
of Prunus genus are well known and widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, inadequate
information about wild species is available so far. As far as Prunus lycioides, it is commonly
used by native people in traditional medicine for treating diabetes, inflammatory diseases, and microbial
infections. The wild almonds are traditionally exploited for oil extraction due to their antioxidant
properties. This review summarizes advances in the studies regarding Prunus lycioides and its pharmacological
properties. The aim of the review is to renew the interest in this promising plant, thus stimulating
researchers to go further with the study for discovering new bioactive compounds.
Synthesis and Biological Properties of some New Lead Sulphonamide and Carboxamide Scaffolds Bearing Coumarin Moiety (Mini Review)
Authors: Eze Cosmas Chinweike , Ezeokonkwo Mercy Amarachukwu , Ezema Benjamin Ebere , Onoabedje Abraham Efeturi , Ugwu David Izuchukwu
Published: August 2020

:

Coumarin, sulphonamide and amide scaffolds exhibit diverse pharmacological features and constitute an
important class of therapeutic agents. In this review, we have discussed the synthesis, biological properties, and SAR of
coumarins containing sulphonamide or amide group in the last seven years. Many reviews on the therapeutic activities of
coumarins, sulphonamides, and amides have been published, hence the authors focused on coumarin-linked sulphonamide
or amide scaffolds. The review provides information on the synthetic route to new coumarins containing sulphonamide or
amide groups with improved pharmacological properties.
Current Biomedical and Diagnostic Applications of Gold Micro and Nanoparticles
Authors: Pohanka Miroslav
Published: August 2020

Production of particles and their adaptation in the pharmacology became an object of interest,
and they are the currently introduced therapies based on the use of micro and nanoparticles. The
use of gold particles is not an exception. This review has focused on the application of gold micro and
nanoparticles in pharmacology and biomedicine. The particles can be used for diagnosis respective
theranostic of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and as antimicrobial means. Besides these applications,
specifications of gold, gold particles, and colloidal gold manufacturing and their comparison with the
solid gold, are described as well. This review is based on a survey of actual scientific literature.
The Potential Application of Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytopharmaceuticals and Natural Extracts – Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi , Sadeer Nabeelah , Edoo Mehtaab , Venugopala Katharigatta N.
Published: August 2020

Phytocompounds isolated from plants are well appraised for their broad pharmacological
propensities in several pathologies. One key benefit of phytoconstituents is their relatively low toxicity
and adverse effects. Nonetheless, poor solubility, permeation, and poor specificity at the target site
tend to hinder its therapeutic efficacy. Hence, novel technologies for drug delivery systems are being
developed via the use of various nanoformulation strategies to overcome these challenges and give uniform
medication focusing at the dynamic site in desired concentration and improved therapeutic efficacy.
Such approaches comprise of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS). The utilisation of herbal
formulations for NDDS is more beneficial and advantageous as opposed to others. The utilisation of
ethosome, liposome, emulsion, phytosomes, microsphere, and strong lipid nanoparticles of herbal formulation
has improved the remedial impacts of plant extricates. With the utilisation of all these, directed
delivery of the formulation is accomplished, because of which the formulation exhibits impact
on the site, and its’ bioavailability is, likewise, expanded. With these novel medication conveyance
frameworks, the actives and concentrates, which are utilised as part of natural formulations, exhibit a
sustained release, enhancement in stability, improved therapeutic efficacy, and protection from toxicity.
The primary motivation behind creating alternative drug delivery technologies is to expand the
effectiveness of drug conveyance and safety in the process and give more comfort to the patient. In this
review, the importance of various phytocompounds in the delivery of drugs is highlighted as well as
their importance in reducing the risk or diseases.
Prevalence of the Effects of Anxiety and Depression on People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Analysis of Health Policy Studies in Improving the Quality of Life of Poor Families in the Urban Areas of West Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Nasirin Chairun , Lionardo Andries
Published: August 2020

Background:

To explore the tendency of the effects of anxiety and depression that occur in
type 2 diabetes patients, especially poor patients who live in the urban areas with poor economic conditions,
who do not have health access from the government, and live away from the hospitals.

Methods:

It is a cross-sectional study which aimed to determine the number of patients who experienced
anxiety and depression problems due to the declining health conditions caused by diabetes. A
sample size of 98 diabetics experiencing anxiety and depression when the treatment was carried out was
included. The study design included a qualitative study with in-depth interviews with respondents who
were at risk of diabetes, as well as to determine the level of anxiety and depression that occurred when
medical care was provided and the feelings experienced by the respondents after the completion of
treatment.

Results:

Diabetic patients are generally unaware that their illness is a chronic disease that takes a long
time to treat. When the patients are sick, most of them do not immediately go to the hospital or a specialist
to get their health examination and treatment, because the hospital is far from the patients’ residence.
Furthermore, some patients still use traditional medicine and non-medical treatment, so when the
patients with critical conditions are taken to the hospital, they already have chronic diabetes.

Conclusions:

The lack of access to health for chronic patients with poor economic conditions who live
far from the hospitals and the scarcity of medical staff to carry out treatment of chronic diseases such as
diabetes for poor patients in urban areas certainly have an impact on increasing the number of patients
with chronic diseases. Therefore, the government is expected to be able to provide easy health policies
to remote rural communities in order to achieve optimal community welfare and health.
Regulatory Role of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Regulated Neuronal Death
Authors: Wu Xiuyu , Hu Ximin , Zhang Qi , Liu Fengxia , Xiong Kun
Published: August 2020

Ischemic neuronal injury results from a complex series of pathophysiological events, including
oxidative, excitotoxicity, inflammation and nitrative stress. Consequently, many of these
events can induce cell death, including necrosis (unregulated cell death) and apoptosis (a type of regulated
cell death). These are long-established paradigms to which newly discovered regulated cell death
processes have been added, such as necroptosis (a regulated form of necrosis) and autophagydependent
cell death. Moreover, many researchers have targeted products associated with Chinese
herbal medicine at regulated pathways for the treatment of ischemic neuronal injury. In East Asia, these
drugs have been known for centuries to protect and improve the nervous system. Herbal extracts,
especially those used in Chinese herbal medicine, have emerged as new pharmaceuticals for the treatment
of ischemic neuronal injury. Here, we review the evidence from preclinical studies investigating
the neuroprotective properties and therapeutic application of Chinese herbal medicines (Chinese herbal
monomer, extract, and medicinal compounds) and highlight the potential mechanisms underlying their
therapeutic effects via targeting differently regulated cell death pathways. Notably, many herbs have
been shown to target multiple mechanisms of regulated cell death and, in combination, may exert synergistic
effects on signaling pathways, thereby attenuating multiple aspects of ischemic pathology. In
this review, we summarize a generally regulated pathway of cell death as a target for novel natural
herbal regimens against ischemic neuronal injury.
Circulating MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Glioma: A Mini-Review
Authors: Choppavarapu Lavanya , Kandi Sibin M.
Published: August 2020

Glioma comprises of a group of heterogeneous brain tumors originating from glial cells.
Primary glioblastoma is among the most common glial cells that have a characteristic clinical and molecular
profile. Advancement in the field of cancer research and inventions of various clinical methodologies
could not improve the median survival of this deadly tumor from 12 months. The development
of a non-invasive prognostic biomarker in blood would be a revolution in the diagnosis and therapeutic
monitoring of this tumor. Extracellular vesicles (Evs) are released from the tumor microenvironment
into the blood, which contains the genetic material that represents the genetics of tumor cells. It is also
seen that these Evs contain a variety of RNA populations, including miRNAs. Several studies identified
that circulating cell-free miRNAs, either free or present in Evs, could be considered as a potential
biomarker in early diagnosis and prognosis of glioblastoma. Micro RNA studies in glioblastoma have
found to be promising, as it reveals the biological pathway behind pathogenesis and helps in predicting
the treatment targets. The literature says that various treatment methods change the type and quantity
of miRNAs in biological fluids, which can be used to monitor the therapy. This review paper focuses
on the role of circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and clinical management of
glioma patients.
Functional Role of Mangrove Forests Along the Subtropical and Tropical Coasts of China
Authors: Alongi Daniel M.
Published: August 2020

Mangroves forests inhabiting the south coast of China are crucial habitats for the functioning
of the coastal zone. This role has not been carefully considered in China and compared to
their functional role worldwide. China’s mangroves currently occupy 20,303 ha. Average forest biomass
is equivalent to the global average, but the mean ratio of below-ground to above-ground biomass
is high (46%), reflecting the young age of most forests. Rates of annual litterfall, net primary
productivity, and root production are above the global average, indicating that China’s mangrove
forests are highly productive within their latitudinal band. High productivity may reflect high
rates of organic inputs, young forest ages, and high rates of precipitation. As China’s mangrove
forests have short canopies, these data imply that the rates of forest turnover are more rapid than in
most other mangroves. Mangrove organic carbon (Corg) stock averaged 190.96 Mg Corg ha-1, mostly
(58%) in soils, less than the global average, reflecting young forest age and frequent soil disturbance.
Total Corg stored in China’s mangroves is 3.9 Tg, only 0.03% of the global total, but the total
Corg sequestration rate is 139.4 Gg Corg a-1 while the average Corg sequestration rate is 6.87 Mg Corg
ha-1 a-1, which is greater than the global average. Corg losses via microbial mineralization are large
as total Corg export from mangroves accounts for 44% of the total Corg exported to the South China
Sea. Nutrients are efficiently retained suggesting their use and proper management as aquaculture
filters. Mangroves have close links to other coastal food webs.
Identifying Native and Non-native Membrane Protein Loops by Using Stabilizing Energetic Terms of Three Popular Force Fields
Authors: Saravanan Konda Mani , Zhang Haiping , Wei Yanjie
Published: August 2020

Background:

Predicting the three-dimensional structure of globular proteins from their
amino acid sequence has reached a fair accuracy, but predicting the structure of membrane proteins,
especially loop regions, is still a difficult task in structural bioinformatics. The difficulty in predicting
membrane loops is due to various factors like length variation, position, flexibility, and they are
easily prone to mutation.

Objective:

In the present work, we address the problem of identifying and ranking near-native loops
from a set of decoys generated by Monte-Carlo simulations.

Methods:

We systematically analyzed native and generated non-native decoys to develop a scoring
function. The scoring function uses four important stabilizing energy terms from three popular force
fields, such as FOLDX, OPLS, and AMBER, to identify and rank near-native membrane loops.

Results:

The results reveal better discrimination of native and non-natives and perform poor prediction
in binary classifying native and near-native defined based on Root Mean Square Deviation
(RMSD), Global Distance Test (GDT), and Template Modeling (TM) score, respectively.

Conclusions:

From our observations, we conclude that the important energy features described here
may help to improve the loop prediction when the membrane protein database size increases.