bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chapter I. Legislative and institutional reforms to address the demographic and territorial challenge: a global perspective
Authors: Domínguez Álvarez José Luis
Published: May 2024

Since the issue of the abandonment of rural territories has been reintroduced into the agenda of national and European public policies, decisions and rules have been made with an aim that seem to be leading to an entrenchment of the conflict between the interests of the population that remains in the forgotten areas and the interests of other policies that are strongly anchored in long-term strategies. The rules in which these strategic decisions are translated clash with territories and communities on which a decrease or a set of rules is imposed that makes it impossible for traditional activities to develop and adapt to the new times. In this context, the citizens of remote (or, in popular Spanish terminology, ‘empty’) areas, who observe how other interests prevail over their demands, are confronted with a tide of ‘alien’ rules, imposed, experienced as ‘impositions’ that necessarily generate conflict, just when it seemed that positive discrimination in favour of their particular conditions would have been passed in the context of the ‘European long-term strategy for rural areas’. Against this backdrop, this collective work aims to provide an study of some of these conflicts, to balance the particular interests of rural territories with the major strategic objectives that mark the institutional agenda, and to vindicate the importance of orienting the actions of public authorities towards the ever necessary restoration of the dignity of rural communities.
Chapter II. General laws and territorial government in rural areas: the Kingdom of Spain Marcos M. Fernando Pablo
Authors: Fernando Pablo Marcos M.
Published: May 2024

Since the issue of the abandonment of rural territories has been reintroduced into the agenda of national and European public policies, decisions and rules have been made with an aim that seem to be leading to an entrenchment of the conflict between the interests of the population that remains in the forgotten areas and the interests of other policies that are strongly anchored in long-term strategies. The rules in which these strategic decisions are translated clash with territories and communities on which a decrease or a set of rules is imposed that makes it impossible for traditional activities to develop and adapt to the new times. In this context, the citizens of remote (or, in popular Spanish terminology, ‘empty’) areas, who observe how other interests prevail over their demands, are confronted with a tide of ‘alien’ rules, imposed, experienced as ‘impositions’ that necessarily generate conflict, just when it seemed that positive discrimination in favour of their particular conditions would have been passed in the context of the ‘European long-term strategy for rural areas’. Against this backdrop, this collective work aims to provide an study of some of these conflicts, to balance the particular interests of rural territories with the major strategic objectives that mark the institutional agenda, and to vindicate the importance of orienting the actions of public authorities towards the ever necessary restoration of the dignity of rural communities.
Chapter IV. A rural proofing mechanism to enhance special financial and taxation policies in areas with demographic singularities: the case of Castile and Leon
Authors: Rodríguez Peña Nora Libertad
Published: May 2024

Since the issue of the abandonment of rural territories has been reintroduced into the agenda of national and European public policies, decisions and rules have been made with an aim that seem to be leading to an entrenchment of the conflict between the interests of the population that remains in the forgotten areas and the interests of other policies that are strongly anchored in long-term strategies. The rules in which these strategic decisions are translated clash with territories and communities on which a decrease or a set of rules is imposed that makes it impossible for traditional activities to develop and adapt to the new times. In this context, the citizens of remote (or, in popular Spanish terminology, ‘empty’) areas, who observe how other interests prevail over their demands, are confronted with a tide of ‘alien’ rules, imposed, experienced as ‘impositions’ that necessarily generate conflict, just when it seemed that positive discrimination in favour of their particular conditions would have been passed in the context of the ‘European long-term strategy for rural areas’. Against this backdrop, this collective work aims to provide an study of some of these conflicts, to balance the particular interests of rural territories with the major strategic objectives that mark the institutional agenda, and to vindicate the importance of orienting the actions of public authorities towards the ever necessary restoration of the dignity of rural communities.
Chapter VI. Agri-food sector and rural environment
Authors: Talavera Cordero Pilar
Published: May 2024

Since the issue of the abandonment of rural territories has been reintroduced into the agenda of national and European public policies, decisions and rules have been made with an aim that seem to be leading to an entrenchment of the conflict between the interests of the population that remains in the forgotten areas and the interests of other policies that are strongly anchored in long-term strategies. The rules in which these strategic decisions are translated clash with territories and communities on which a decrease or a set of rules is imposed that makes it impossible for traditional activities to develop and adapt to the new times. In this context, the citizens of remote (or, in popular Spanish terminology, ‘empty’) areas, who observe how other interests prevail over their demands, are confronted with a tide of ‘alien’ rules, imposed, experienced as ‘impositions’ that necessarily generate conflict, just when it seemed that positive discrimination in favour of their particular conditions would have been passed in the context of the ‘European long-term strategy for rural areas’. Against this backdrop, this collective work aims to provide an study of some of these conflicts, to balance the particular interests of rural territories with the major strategic objectives that mark the institutional agenda, and to vindicate the importance of orienting the actions of public authorities towards the ever necessary restoration of the dignity of rural communities.
Ocorrência de dengue no município de Amarante do Maranhão - MA, Brasil, entre 2014 e 2020
Authors: De Sousa Pinho Antônia de Kássia Silva , Gomes Gabriele Marcelino , Justino Rodrigo Aparecido , Marcelino Talita Pinho , Nascimento Luiz Fernando Costa , Pires Oscar César , Suda Cecilia Nahomi Kawagoe
Published: May 2024

A dengue é um problema de saúde pública no Brasil e é a arbovirose mais prevalente no mundo. Sua ocorrência no município de Amarante do Maranhão (MA) tem sido pouco investigada, mas há registros que indicavam elevada presença do mosquito transmissor Aedes aegypt nas residências dos munícipes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as ocorrências quanto ao número de casos, faixa etária dos que contraíram, sorotipos circulantes dos vírus e hospitalizações por causa da dengue, no período entre 2014 e 2020. Os dados foram obtidos na plataforma Tabnet do DATASUS. Os dados revelaram que houve 236 infecções adquiridas no município, concentradas principalmente no período chuvoso do ano; a faixa etária mais acometida foi de 20 – 39 anos; há flutuações anuais do número de casos, mas a ocorrência foi maior em 2017. A partir de 2019, os casos de hospitalizações superaram o número de não hospitalizações, indicando uma tendência de agravamento dos casos de dengue na população. Os sorotipos causadores eram na maioria desconhecidos.  A principal ação de controle da doença deve ser a melhoria no sistema de esgotamento sanitário do município para o combate ao mosquito transmissor da dengue e de outras arboviroses, como a chikungunya e zika.
Crito's Social Circles in Plato's Crito
Authors: Liebersohn Yosef Z.
Published: May 2024

In this paper I identify and discuss three different circles concerning Crito’s social relations: the internal circle of those who know him well; the external circle of those who are Crito’s fellow citizens but who do not know him well; and the third circle which is the polis with its laws. Crito uses – both consciously and unconsciously – different stratagems in dealing with these different circles. The speech of the Laws is Socrates’ attempt to allow Crito to see his actual behavior, as if reflected in a mirror. In fact Crito harms his friends, cheats his fellow citizens and destroys the polis.
Private Associations or Public Bodies? The Gerousiai of the Greek Cities in the Imperial Period
Authors: Giannakopoulos Nikos
Published: May 2024

The article explores the position of the Gerousia in the associative universe of the Greek cities of the Imperial period. The first section examines the public dimen- sion of the Gerousia, as it emerges from its interaction with the civic institutions, the local notables and the imperial power. The second section focuses on the Gerousia’s sim- ilarities with private associations, both in their organizational form and in several of their activities, such as the protection of graves and the administration of funerary endowments. The third section draws a comparison between the public role of the Gerousia and that of private associations. Finally, the last section proposes a taxonomy of the various corporate bodies of the Greek polis in relation to their access to events, acts and symbols that expressed the sovereign power of the civic community and its collective identity. In these terms, the Gerousia occupied an impressively high position which brought her very close to the Council and the People.
Cosmology, Place, and History in Varros's De lingua latina 5
Authors: Rogers Jordan
Published: May 2024

This article interprets Varro’s etymological discussion of locus in book 5 of Delingua Latina (1-56) as representative of a Varronian “place-based” history. It argues thatVarro’s reconstruction of Rome’s loci as cosmically essential and structuring elementsof both the city and Roman culture in his present day depended upon the author’s peculiarunderstanding of the past and of historical truth – namely, that fundamental principlesof truth manifest both on different levels of reality, and at different points in time.Places – temples, hills, groves, or otherwise – therefore were particularly significant inproviding access to the essential meaning of Rome’s institutions, religion, and people.Varro’s consideration of the Septimontium is then analyzed within this framework. Theargument demonstrates how Rome’s natural environment, construed as part of an originalcosmos, could explain the social and political facts of the present in Varro’s reconstructionof word-history. In particular, the religious importance of the Capitoline hill,and the separation of the Aventine from the rest of the city in the first century BCE, areboth given etymological explanations that depend upon the long-lost natural topographyof the city.
Emotional Language in Alcipron’s Letters
Authors: Thoma Marianna
Published: May 2024

Alciphron’s books of imaginary letters depict both the rural and urban environment of Attica in the 4th century BC, in miniature and from the perspective of lowerclass characters. Alciphron uses all the rhetorical options offered by the epistolary form to illustrate the thoughts, feelings and experiences of his characters. The aim of this paper is to discuss the use of threats, and their function as rhetorical devices and/or means of expressing emotions in Alciphron’s letters. I will demonstrate that the author may not only have been inspired by New Comedy and other literary genres, but also by his contemporary private correspondence in which various threats towards the addressee are used as a rhetorical strategy, as shown by the preserved papyri and ostraca from Egypt.
Plataia between Light and Darkness
Authors: Buraselis Kostas
Published: May 2024

The special significance of Plataia already before the famous battle of 479 BC (in the mythical tradition connected with its site) and afterwards in the vicissitudes of the inter-Greek developments after the Persian Wars is analyzed to illustrate the bipolar importance of site and city as both a celebrated, dexterously manipulated symbol of unity and a bitter paradigm of practical disunity in Greek history.
The state of paediatric deceased-organ donation at a South African tertiary public- sector hospital: A 14-year analysis
Authors: Siyotula T , Barrell J , Manning K , Thomson D , McCulloch M , Du Toit T
Published: May 2024

Background. Solid-organ transplantation (SOT) has been proven to be a highly effective and life-saving treatment modality for adults and children suffering from end-stage organ failure. However, high paediatric waiting-list mortality has been reported, and children may suffer irreversible physical and deleterious psychological effects if not transplanted timeously.
Objectives. To identify in-hospital barriers to organ donation and gain a better understanding of the paediatric donor landscape. Methods. A retrospective descriptive study of consecutive deceased-donor referrals at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital over a 14-year period, from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2020.
Results. During the study period, 156 in-hospital deaths were recorded in the trauma unit and 1 425 in the paediatric intensive care unit. Ninety-three of the 1 581 patients (5.9%) were referred to the on-call transplant co-ordinator as potential organ donors, of whom 69% had been involved in a traumatic accident, including 52% in road traffic collisions. The mean age of the potential donors was 7 years with 60.2% being boys. On initial assessment, 67 of the 93 potential donors (72%) were assessed as eligible for donation of at least one solid organ. The transplant co-ordinator attempted to approach all families for consent; however, five families/next of kin could not be located despite multiple attempts. Among the remaining 62 eligible donors, 44 families/next-of-kin declined consent for solid-organ donation, resulting in a consent rate of 29% (n=18). Several families refused consent for religious reasons. One of the consented donors did not proceed to procurement as there were no suitable recipients. Seventeen donors proceeded to theatre, the intention being solid-organ procurement, but in 2 donors the organs were assessed as being unsuitable for transplant. From the remaining 15 donors, a total of 46 organs were procured and successfully transplanted: 14 livers, 30 kidneys and 2 hearts.
Conclusion. During the 14-year study period, only 15 deceased donors could be utilised for SOT, as a result of low in-hospital referral (5.9%) and consent rates (29%). The reasons for low referral and consent rates are complex and often multifactorial, which the current study was not designed to investigate in sufficient detail. Future studies should be designed to further interrogate our findings, while accommodating for nuances specific to the paediatric deceased-donor population and their families.
Impact of donor CYP3A5 genotype on pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in South African paediatric liver transplant patients
Authors: Wheeler C , Masimirembwa C , Mthembu B , Botha J , Scholefield J , Fabian J
Published: May 2024

Background. In the paediatric liver transplant programme in Johannesburg, South Africa (SA), tacrolimus is the calcineurin inhibitor of choice, comprising an essential component of the immunosuppression regimen. It is characterised by a narrow therapeutic index and wide interpatient variability, necessitating therapeutic drug monitoring of whole-blood concentrations. Pharmacogenetic research, although not representative of SA population groups, suggests that single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) gene contribute to the variability in tacrolimus dosing requirements. The rs776746 polymorphism, CYP3A5*3, results in a splice defect and a non-functional enzyme. Clinically, to reach the same tacrolimus concentration-to-dose ratio (CDR), expressors (CYP3A5*1/*1 and *1/*3) require a higher tacrolimus dose than non-expressors (*3/*3).
Objectives. To compare the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in paediatric liver transplant recipients with their donors’ CYP3A5 genotypes, considering both donor and recipient characteristics.
Methods. Blood samples from 46 living liver donors were collected, their genomic DNA was extracted, and their CYP3A5 genotype was established (polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, validated by Sanger sequencing). The relationship of donor and recipient characteristics with the mean tacrolimus CDR was analysed using a general linear model. Non- confounding significant variables were included in a multiple regression model.
Results. The study showed that all expressor donors genotyped as CYP3A5*1/*1 were of black African self-reported race and ethnicity. During the first 15 days post-transplant, we found that children who received grafts from donor CYP3A5 expressors (CYP3A5*1/*1 and *1/*3) had significantly lower mean tacrolimus CDRs compared with those who received grafts from donor CYP3A5 non-expressors (*3/*3); the recipients of CYP3A5 expressor grafts therefore require higher doses of oral tacrolimus to achieve the same therapeutic target range. In addition, graft-to-recipient weight ratio and the CYP3A5 donor genotypes were independent factors that significantly (p<0.05) affected mean tacrolimus CDRs in recipients.
Conclusion. In this study, we showed that all CYP3A5*1 homozygote donors were of black African self-reported race and ethnicity, and tacrolimus CDRs in paediatric living-donor liver transplant recipients were significantly affected by donor graft size and donor CYP3A5 genotypes. Information from this study may inform the development of an Afrocentric tacrolimus precision-medicine algorithm to optimise recipient safety and graft outcomes.
Les diplômés d’immersion française et leurs motivations liées au choix de la langue dans la poursuite des études postsecondaires
Authors: ElAtia Samira , essiomle komla
Published: May 2024

Cette étude de cas à méthodes mixtes vise à comprendre auprès des diplômés d’immersion française (IF) qui étudient à l’Université de l’Alberta, leurs motivations liées au choix de la langue dans la poursuite des études postsecondaires. Nos résultats ont révélé que les élèves qui poursuivent une éducation postsecondaire dans les programmes francophones sont altruistes et manifestent des motivations instrumentales par rapport à la langue française (par exemple : perspectives d’emplois encourageantes pour les personnes bilingues, sauvegarde des acquis linguistiques). De plus, ces personnes ont une régulation identifiée (prise de conscience de l’importance du français pour atteindre des buts personnels) supérieure à celle de leurs collègues qui étudient en langue anglaise. Néanmoins, la notoriété perçue des établissements offrant des programmes francophones, ainsi que l’identité linguistique construite par ces élèves durant leur séjour en IF exercent une réelle influence sur leur processus décisionnel.
Value construction through sequential sampling explains serial dependencies in decision making
Authors: Zylberberg Ariel , Bakkour Akram , Shohamy Daphna , Shadlen Michael N
Published: May 2024

Deciding between a pair of familiar items is thought to rely on a comparison of their subjective values. When the values are similar, decisions take longer, and the choice may be inconsistent with stated value. These regularities are thought to be explained by the same mechanism of noisy evidence accumulation that leads to perceptual errors under conditions of low signal to noise. However, unlike perceptual decisions, subjective values may vary with internal states (e.g. desires, priorities) that change over time. This raises the possibility that the apparent stochasticity of choice reflects changes in value rather than mere noise. We hypothesized that these changes would manifest in serial dependencies across decision sequences. We analyzed data from a task in which participants chose between snack items. We developed an algorithm, Reval, that revealed significant fluctuations of the subjective values of items within an experimental session. The dynamic values predicted choices and response times more accurately than stated values. The dynamic values also furnished a superior account of the BOLD signal in ventromedial prefrontal cortex. A novel bounded-evidence accumulation model with temporally correlated evidence samples supports the idea that revaluation reflects the dynamic construction of subjective value during deliberation, which in turn influences subsequent decisions.
Effect of simulated clinical use and sterilization on the cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel titanium files
Authors: Alajemi Mohammad , AbuMostafa Ammar
Published: May 2024

Aim

Assess the effect of simulated clinical use and sterilization on the cyclic fatigue resistance of Race Evo and Tia Tornado Blue nickel titanium (NiTi) files.

Materials and Methods

For this study, a total of sixty-four NiTi files were selected, with thirty-two files each from two different manufacturers. Files from each manufacturer were subdivided into four subgroups (n = 8) based on the test parameters. The control groups included files that were neither used nor sterilized. Files from the test groups were used to prepare the root canals of extracted mandibular premolars and then sterilized. This procedure was repeated once, twice, or thrice, depending on the test group. All files were then subjected to a cyclic fatigue test. Data was statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests.

Results

No significant difference was observed in the number of cycles to failure (NCF) among the subgroups for both types of files (P = 0.869 for Tia Tornado Blue, P = 0.626 for Race Evo). Tia Tornado Blue files displayed significantly higher NCF values in the control (P = 0.021), once (P = 0.027), and thrice (P = 0.031) usage groups when compared to Race Evo files.

Conclusions

Repeated clinical use and sterilization for up to three cycles did not affect the cyclic fatigue resistance of Race Evo and Tia Tornado Blue files.
A murine model of hypertensive heart disease in older women
Authors: Morin-Grandmont Audrey , Walsh-Wilkinson Elisabeth , Thibodeau Sara-Ève , Boudreau Dominique K. , Arsenault Marie , Bossé Yohan , Couet Jacques
Published: May 2024

We propose a new mouse (C57Bl6/J) model combining several features of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction encountered in older women, including hypertension from Angiotensin II infusion (AngII), menopause, and advanced age. To mimic menopause, we delayed ovariectomy (Ovx) at 12 months of age. We also studied the effects of AngII infusion for 28 days in younger animals and the impact of losing gonadal steroids earlier in life. We observed that AngII effects on heart morphology were different in younger and adult mice (3- and 12-month-old; 20 and 19% increase in heart weight. P < 0.01 for both) than in older animals (24-month-old; 6%; not significant). Ovariectomy at 12 months restored the hypertrophic response to AngII in elderly females (23%, p = 0.0001). We performed a bulk RNA sequencing study of the left ventricle (LV) and left atrial gene expression in elderly animals, controls, and Ovx. AngII modulated (|Log2 fold change| ≥ 1) the LV expression of 170 genes in control females and 179 in Ovx ones, 64 being shared. In the left atrium, AngII modulated 235 genes in control females and 453 in Ovx, 140 shared. We observed many upregulated genes associated with the extracellular matrix regulation in both heart chambers. Many of these upregulated genes were shared between the ventricle and the atrium as well as in control and Ovx animals, namely for the most expressed Ankrd1, Nppb, Col3a1, Col1a1, Ctgf Col8a1, and Cilp. Several circadian clock LV genes were modulated differently by AngII between control and Ovx females (Clock, Arntl, Per2, Cry2, and Ciart). In conclusion, sex hormones, even in elderly female mice, modulate the heart’s hypertrophic response to AngII. Our study identifies potential new markers of hypertensive disease in aging female mice and possible disturbances of their cardiac circadian clock.
A Comparative Study of Fertilizer Prices Purchased by Farmers from Rythu Bharosa Kendras (RBKs) and Other Agencies in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Reddy B. Maheswar , Reddy K. Gurava , Purnima K.S. , Kumari P. Lavanya
Published: May 2024

Rythu Bharosa Kendras - a one stop solutions for all agriculture & allied issues, was launched by state government of Andhra Pradesh in 2020. It addresses various issues and provide services to the farmers at the village level. Fertilizers are one among the services offered at Rythu Bharosa Kendras. The current study was carried out during the year 2022 and 2023 to find any significant variation in the average price of the fertilizers purchased by the farmers from Rythu Bharosa Kendras versus other agencies in Tirupati and Chittoor districts of Andhra Pradesh. A representative sample of 120 farmers in two districts of Andhra Pradesh i.e., Tirupati and Chittoor were selected for the study. Through a pre-structed interview schedule, prices of fertilizers purchased by the farmers from Rythu Bharosa Kendras vs other agencies were collected. In the study area, other agencies from where farmers purchased fertilizers included private fertilizer wholesalers, retailers, fellow farmers, non-institutional financers, etc. To study the average price comparison, the set of fertilizers that were commonly purchased at Rythu Bharosa Kendras and other agencies were selected. They were Urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), Muriate of Potash (MOP), N20:P20:K0:S13 (N:P:K:S fertilizer grade), N10:P26:K26 (N:P:K fertilizer grade). From the data collected and through descriptive statistical analysis it was clear that for all the common fertilizers the average amount of fertilizer per bag at Rythu Bharosa Kendras was comparatively lower than that of fertilizers purchased at other agencies. The average price variation of fertilizer per bag at Rythu Bharosa Kendras to other agencies for Urea, DAP, MOP, N20:P20:K0:S13 grade, N10:P26:K26 grade were Rs. 27.5, Rs. 40, Rs. 33, Rs. 44 & Rs. 92 with a variation in percentage by 10.3%, 2.96%, 2.84%, 3.26% & 6.31% respectively. By ensuring the prompt availability of required set of fertilizers in line with the cropping pattern of the farmers and by streamlining the supply chain aspects of fertilizes, especially from fertilizers hub to Rythu Bharosa Kendras, will be beneficial & results in cost optimization to the farmers.
Community Perceptions on Environmental Impact Assessments in the Construction of the Toll Road between Solo and New Yogyakarta International Airport, in Indonesia
Authors: Oetari P. S. , Isworo S.
Published: May 2024

Background and Objective: The development of toll roads between Solo and New Yogyakarta International Airport of Indonesia is part of the government's endeavor to improve the accessibility, connectivity, and capacity of inter-regional transportation networks in order to considerably boost economic growth through increased regional links. The research will analyze at the socio-cultural circumstances, social conflict, public health, and community views and attitudes about toll road building.
Research Methods: This study employs a qualitative and quantitative technique, which involves in-depth interview observation processes. The data analysis comprises the identification, categorization, and interpretation of community opinions as perceived by 200 respondents from impacted communities. 
Results: The majority of respondents were male, 106 (53%), with the highest degree of education being senior high school a total of 118 respondents (59.50%).   The majority of their jobs were as private employees number 84 respondents (42%), with an average salary of Rp. 3,195,000. The surrounding community is religious, with 106 respondents (84%) actively engaged in Islamic studies in a mutually beneficial atmosphere, and 171 respondents (88.5%). Conflicts in society are always addressed pleasantly, according to 198 respondents (99%).
Theoretical and Practical Implications: The community does not oppose toll road building, according to 188 respondents (94%) since they feel it would serve regional interests.  Environmental impact analysis is carried out in a proportionate manner by incorporating the community through public engagement. Implementation of public consultation throughout ten time periods. The outcomes of public consultations are utilized to provide supporting and critical comments. 42 community figures were chosen as members of the Environmental effect Assessment technical team, which was in charge of overseeing the execution of environmental effect management and monitoring. Changes in public views and attitudes about toll road development must be regulated and monitored to ensure that the public impression of toll roads remains favorable throughout construction.  Recommendations: Project implementers are responsible for the impacts caused and comply with all detailed provisions in accordance with management and monitoring plan documents that have been approved by the Ministry of Environment.
EEG Innovations in Neurological Disorder Diagnostics: A Five-Year Review
Authors: Basak Madhuchhanda , Maiti Diptadip , Das Debashis
Published: May 2024

The study provides a description of electroencephalography (EEG) advancements and their application in diagnosing and assessing various neurological diseases over the previous five years. The paper covers how EEG is used to examine epilepsy, sleep disorders, movement disorders, cognitive function, and brain damage. In epilepsy, EEG remains critical for seizure diagnosis, categorization, and localization of epileptogenic zones. Recent enhancements include the integration of machine learning techniques with high-density EEG equipment. In terms of sleep disorders, aberrant patterns suggestive of illnesses such as sleep apnea or narcolepsy may be diagnosed by a sleep architecture study utilizing EEGs, which can also be used to track therapy response. Cortical involvement occurs in Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease, as well as other areas of the brain stem or basal ganglia. It helps researchers learn more about the cortical damage produced by these disorders, which contributes greatly to understanding their pathophysiology. Aside from that, cognitive evaluation based on EEG has evolved via the creation of quantifiable biomarkers for early identification and monitoring of deterioration in Alzheimer’s disease, among others. Traumatic injuries can damage brain functioning, hence knowledge regarding severity predicted outcomes can be acquired by Traumatic Brain Injury evaluation utilizing EEG.
Effect of Weather Variables on the Development of Lentil Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis
Authors: Sakshi Sharma , Ayushi Sharma , Megha Abrol , B.K Sharma
Published: May 2024

Wilt of lentil, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis is a sever disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis and significantly reduce lentil yield in India and the world. The present studies were undertaken to study the effect of weather variables on disease development. The crop was sown on four dates during rabi 2019-20 and 2020-21. The dates of sowing were 15th October, 30th October, 15th November, and 30th November during both years. Results revealed that temperature was positively correlated, and relative humidity was negatively correlated with the disease incidence.
Identification of Soil Fertility Constraints of Erstwhile Warangal District, Telangana, India, using GIS for their Precise Management for Sustainable Crop Productivity
Authors: Ch Ramulu , B Harikrishna , P R.R.Reddy , R. Uma Reddy
Published: May 2024

The present investigation was carried out to identify soil fertility constraints and map the fertility status of erstwhile Warangal District, Telangana, India using geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS). 241 geo-referenced surface soil samples (0-20 cm) from the study area were analyzed for their fertility parameters. Soil fertility maps were prepared for each parameter under GIS environment using Arc-GIS v 10.8.2. The soils in study area were slightly acidic to slightly alkaline in reaction (6.16 - 8.34), non saline in nature (0.14 to 1.00 dS m–1) and low to high (0.12 - 1.14%) in organic carbon (OC%) content. The soils were low in available nitrogen (136 to231 kg ha-1), low to high in available phosphorus (14.00 to 166.00 kg P2O5 ha-1) and medium to high in available potassium (199 to 997 kg K2O ha-1). The wide variation from deficient to sufficient was observed in the status of available zinc (0.13 to 2.05 mg kg-1), iron (0.09 to 11.80 mg kg-1), copper (0.14 to 2.14 mg kg-1) and manganese (0.18 to 10.30 mg kg-1). The soil fertility status in study area revealed that soil organic carbon, available nitrogen and zinc are important soil fertility constraints in the erstwhile Warangal District Telangana India. To build up organic matter, zinc content, native nitrogen and maintain nutrient balance in the soil the farmers are advised to adopt farmyard manure (FYM) and ZnSO4 application regularly.
Exploring the Impact of Organic-inorganic Coupling on Nutrient Use Efficiency and Cane Yield in Calcareous Soils of the Indo-gangetic Plains of India
Authors: Kumar Brajesh , Sinha Sanjeew Kumar , Kumar Ajeet , Kumari Amrita
Published: May 2024

Improving nutrient use efficiency beyond its typical ceiling of 50% is imperative for enhancing sugarcane production and juice quality, while concurrently reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers and mitigating environmental impact. To address this challenge, a field experiment was conducted during the year 2021–2022 at the Kalyanpur research farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of integrated nutrient management on sugarcane yield and nutrient utilization efficiency in spring-planted crops like sugarcane. Employing the randomized block design with three replications, the experiment utilized the sugarcane variety CoP-112. Although various treatments exhibited no significant influence on parameters such as germination percentage, plant height, cane length, diameter and individual cane weight, the combination of the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) with vermicompost and biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB) at a rate of 4 kg/ha resulted in the highest millable cane (125.4×103/ha) and cane yield (94.0 t/ha). This combination led to an increase of 78% and 24% over the sole prescribed dose of fertilizer and the absolute control, respectively. No substantial differences were observed in juice quality among treatments. The maximum agronomic use efficiency was achieved in plots treated with RDF + vermicompost + Azotobacter + PSB, exhibiting a 75% improvement over plots receiving only the recommended dose of fertilizer. The findings underscore the efficacy of integrated nutrient management as the optimal approach for fostering sustainable sugarcane production.
Fabrication of Graphene–Quantum Dots Composites for Sensitive Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Immunosensing
Authors: Li Ling‐Ling , Liu Kun‐Ping , Yang Guo‐Hai , Wang Chun‐Ming , Zhang Jian‐Rong , Zhu Jun‐Jie
Published: January 2011

A novel strategy is reported for the fabrication of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)‐protected graphene–CdSe (P‐GR‐CdSe) composites. An advanced electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor is proposed for the sensitive detection of human IgG (HIgG) by using the as‐prepared P‐GR‐CdSe composites. The P‐GR‐CdSe composite film shows high ECL intensity, good electronic conductivity, fast response, and satisfactory stability, all of which holds great promise for the fabrication of ECL biosensors with improved sensitivity. After two successive steps of amplification via the conjugation of PDDA and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in the film, high ECL intensity is observed. The ECL immunosensor has an extremely sensitive response to HIgG in a linear range of 0.02–2000 pg mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.005 pg mL−1. The proposed sensor exhibits high specificity, good reproducibility, and long‐term stability, and may become a promising technique for protein detection.
A Thiophene‐Based Anchoring Ligand and Its Heteroleptic Ru(II)‐Complex for Efficient Thin‐Film Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Mishra Amaresh , Pootrakulchote Nuttapol , Wang Mingkui , Moon Soo‐Jin , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Grätzel Michael , Bäuerle Peter
Published: January 2011

A novel heteroleptic RuII complex (BTC‐2) employing 5,5′‐(2,2′‐bipyridine‐4,4′‐diyl)‐bis(thiophene‐2‐carboxylic acid) (BTC) as the anchoring group and 4,4′‐ dinonyl‐2,2′‐bipiridyl and two thiocyanates as ligands is prepared. The photovoltaic performance and device stability achieved with this sensitizer are compared to those of the Z‐907 dye, which lacks the thiophene moieties. For thin mesoporous TiO2 films, the devices with BTC‐2 achieve higher power conversion efficiencies than those of Z‐907 but with a double‐layer thicker film the device performance is similar. Using a volatile electrolyte and a double layer 7 + 5 μm mesoporous TiO2 film, BTC‐2 achieves a solar‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency of 9.1% under standard global AM 1.5 sunlight. Using this sensitizer in combination with a low volatile electrolyte, a photovoltaic efficiency of 8.3% is obtained under standard global AM 1.5 sunlight. These devices show excellent stability when subjected to light soaking at 60 °C for 1000 h. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and transient photovoltage decay measurements are performed to help understand the changes in the photovoltaic parameters during the aging process. In solid state dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using an organic hole‐transporting material (spiro‐MeOTAD, 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis‐(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene), the BTC‐2 sensitizer exhibits an overall power conversion efficiency of 3.6% under AM 1.5 solar (100 mW cm−2) irradiation.
Exome sequencing allows for rapid gene identification in a Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth family
Authors: Montenegro Gladys , Powell Eric , Huang Jia , Speziani Fiorella , Edwards Yvonne J.K. , Beecham Gary , Hulme William , Siskind Carly , Vance Jeffery , Shy Michael , Züchner Stephan
Published: January 2011

Objective:

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease comprises a large number of genetically distinct forms of inherited peripheral neuropathies. The relative uniform phenotypes in many patients with CMT make it difficult to decide which of the over 35 known CMT genes are affected in a given patient. Genetic testing decision trees are therefore broadly based on a small number of major subtypes (eg, CMT1, CMT2) and the observed mutation frequency for CMT genes. Since conventional genetic testing is expensive many rare genes are not being tested for at all.

Methods:

Whole‐exome sequencing has recently been introduced as a novel and alternative approach. This method is capable of resequencing a nearly complete set of coding exons in an individual. We performed whole‐exome sequencing in an undiagnosed family with CMT.

Results:

Within over 24,000 variants detected in 2 exomes of a CMT family, we identified a nonsynonymous GJB1 (Cx32) mutation. This variant had been reported previously as pathogenic in X‐linked CMT families. Sanger sequencing confirmed complete cosegregation in the family. Affected individuals had a marked early involvement of the upper distal extremities and displayed a mild reduction of nerve conduction velocities.

Interpretation:

We have shown for the first time in a genetically highly heterogeneous dominant disease that exome sequencing is a valuable method for comprehensive medical diagnosis. Further improvements of exon capture design, next‐generation sequencing accuracy, and a constant price decline will soon lead to the adoption of genomic approaches in gene testing of Mendelian disease. Ann Neurol 2011;
Blazing a trail for the ‘green and narrow way’
Authors: Dale Bruce E.
Published: January 2011

The success of biofuels must not come at the expense of the natural world. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Specific Rate Constants of Unimolecular Processes II. Adiabatic Channel Model
Authors: Quack M. , Troe J.
Published: January 2011

The rate of unimolecular processes is calculated by means of a statistical adiabatic channel model. The rates are mainly determined by the maxima of the channel energies. The channels are constructed by correlating reactant and product states; the channel energies are computed by a simple interpolation procedure. The coupling between the various vibrational‐rotational motions is taken into account. The influence of parameters of the potential surface on channel energies and on rate constants is studied. Numerical results for the NO2, CH4, CD4, C2H6 and C2D6 dissociation – recombination kinetics are compared to experimental data. The statistical adiabatic channel model gives similar results as minimum local entropy models. Both these approaches lead to stronger curvatures of k(E) and smaller activation energies for the thermal rate constant k∞ than the corresponding RRKM calculations.
Predictors of objectively identified recurrent reflux after primary Nissen fundoplication
Authors: Broeders J A J L , Roks D J G H , Draaisma W A , Vlek A L M , Hazebroek E J , Broeders I A M J , Smout A J P M
Published: January 2011

Background

Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is the most frequently performed operation for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Studies on predictors of subjective outcome of fundoplication have yielded inconsistent results. This study identified predictors of objective reflux control after Nissen fundoplication.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from patients who underwent Nissen fundoplication for proton pump inhibitor-refractory GORD with pathological acid exposure in a single centre between 1997 and 2005. The predictive value of demographics, endoscopic hiatal hernia size, oesophagitis, lower oesophageal sphincter pressure, distal oesophageal contraction amplitude, percentage of peristaltic contractions and acid exposure was determined. Endpoints were recurrent pathological acid exposure on 24-h pH monitoring at 6 months and surgical reintervention for recurrent GORD up to 6 years.

Results

Of 177 patients, 22 had recurrent pathological acid exposure at 6 months for which 11 had surgery within 6 years. Only low percentage of peristaltic contractions (odds ratio (OR) 0·97, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·95 to 0·99; P = 0·004) and high supine acid exposure (OR 1·03, 1·00 to 1·07; P = 0·025) were independent predictors of recurrent pathological acid exposure. The absolute risk of recurrent exposure was 45·5 per cent in patients with both predictors. High supine acid exposure was also an independent predictor of surgical reintervention (OR 1·05, 1·01 to 1·08; P = 0·006).

Conclusion

Nissen fundoplication should not necessarily be withheld from patients with poor oesophageal peristalsis or excessive supine acid exposure. As about half of patients with both variables experience recurrent pathological acid exposure after primary Nissen fundoplication, surgery should be restricted in this group.
René Le Fort 1869–1951
Authors: Noffze Michael J. , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: January 2011

Over a century ago, The French surgeon René Le Fort described the anatomical basis for fractures of the mid‐face. His nomenclature is still used today using the eponym “Le Fort fractures.” Although Le Fort's name is well known in association with the fractures that he described, little is known of his life. Therefore, the present article will discuss the background of this important individual in craniofacial trauma. Clin. Anat. 24:278–281, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Silicon Connectivities in the Binary Compounds GdSi5, CeSi5, and Ce2Si7.
Authors: Wosylus Aron , Meier Katrin , Prots Yurii , Schnelle Walter , Rosner Helge , Schwarz Ulrich , Grin Yuri
Published: January 2011

GdSi5 (I), CeSi5 (II), and Ce2Si7 (III) are synthesized from mixtures of LnSi2‐x (Ln: Ce, Gd) and Si (BN crucible, 10 GPa, 1400 K (III), 1100 K (II), or 870 K (I)).
ChemInform Abstract: The Energetics of Lanthanum Tantalate Materials.
Authors: Forbes Tori Z. , Nyman May , Rodriguez Mark A. , Navrotsky Alexandra
Published: January 2011

The enthalpies of formation of La2Ta2O7(OH)2 and two polymorphs of LaTaO4 are measured by high‐temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry.
ChemInform Abstract: Multimode Hydriding/Dehydriding Reactions of CaPd.
Authors: Ikeda Kazutaka , Okuda Noriki , Ohoyama Kenji , Li Hai‐Wen , Takeshita Hiroyuki T. , Otomo Toshiya , Orimo Shin‐ichi
Published: January 2011

The multimode reversible hydriding/dehydriding reactions of CaPd are investigated over the temperature range 273—773 K.
ChemInform Abstract: The Diammoniate of Diborane: Crystal Structure and Hydrogen Release.
Authors: Bowden Mark , Heldebrant David J. , Karkamkar Abhi , Proffen Thomas , Schenter Gregory K. , Autrey Tom
Published: January 2011

[(NH3)2BH2]+ [BH4]‐ is obtained by room temperature solid state decomposition of an equimolar mixture of NH4BH4 and NH3BH3 (milling, 10 min) and its crystal structure is determined by Rietveld refinement of combined X‐ray and neutron powder diffraction data.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of P‐Doped Na4Si4.
Authors: Wang Jialing , Sen Sabyasachi , Yu Ping , Bowning Nigel D. , Kauzlarich Susan M.
Published: January 2011

Na4Si4‐xPx (x = 0.04, 0.08, 0.12) is prepared by reaction of Na with mechanically alloyed Si4‐x/Px mixtures (Nb tube, 650 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Series of Compositions Bi2(M′xM1‐x)4O9 (M′, M: Al, Ga, Fe; 0 ≤ x 1) with Mullite‐Type Crystal Structure: Synthesis, Characterization and 18O/16O Exchange Experiment.
Authors: Debnath T. , Ruescher C. H. , Fielitz P. , Ohmann S. , Borchardt G.
Published: January 2011

Bi2(GaxAl1‐x)4O9, Bi2(FexAl1‐x)4O9, and Bi2(FexGa1‐x)4O9 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) powders are prepared by dissolving the corresponding metal nitrate hydrates in glycerine, followed by gelation, calcination, and final heating at 800 °C for 24 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Phase Width of New Quaternary Selenides PbxSn6‐xBi2Se9 (x = 0—4.36).
Authors: Chen Kuei‐Bo , Lee Chi‐Shen
Published: January 2011

The title compounds are synthesized from the elements (1023 K, 16 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the High‐Pressure Cobalt Borate HP‐CoB2O4.
Authors: Neumair Stephanie C. , Kaindl Reinhard , Huppertz Hubert
Published: January 2011

The title compound is synthesized by high pressure/high temperature reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Co3O4 and B2O3 (6.5 GPa, 950 °C, 15 min) and characterized by powder XRD, single crystal XRD, IR, and Raman spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermetallic Magnesium Compounds Ln2Ni2Mg3 (Ln: Gd, Dy—Tm, Lu) with Tb2Ni2Mg3‐Type Structure.
Authors: Linsinger Stefan , Eul Matthias , Yahia Hamdi Ben , Moeller Manfred H. , Poettgen Rainer
Published: January 2011

The new title compounds are prepared from the elements by induction melting (Ar, 1370 K, 30 min) followed by annealing at 670 K for 4 weeks.
ChemInform Abstract: Enders′ SAMP‐Hydrazone as Traceless Auxiliary in the Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Cuprates to Enones.
Authors: Sammet Karsten , Gastl Christoph , Baro Angelika , Laschat Sabine , Fischer Peter , Fettig Ina
Published: January 2011

The method involves both the addition reaction and the cleavage of the hydrazone auxiliary under hydrolysis and work‐up conditions by use of CuSO4/NH4Cl.
ChemInform Abstract: Tertiary Aminourea‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Iodolactonization.
Authors: Veitch Gemma E. , Jacobsen Eric N.
Published: January 2011

Under optimized conditions, hexenoic acids afford iodomethyltetrahydropyranones, and pentenoic acid the corresponding tetrahydrofuranones.