bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Sustainable Growth, Development, and Governance Structures for Revitalization of Open Vacant Spaces in Agriculture and Farming
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: July 2020

This chapter analyzes the implications of urban sustainable growth, development, and governance structures for the revitalization of open vacant spaces in agriculture and farming. After reviewing the extensive corpus of literature on the subject, the authors used the critical socio-ecological analysis methodology to determine the main issues, trends, practices, and implications of the urban vacant spaces in relation to the urban sustainable growth and development, the use of urban vacant land in urban agriculture, farming, and gardening, and the collaborative urban governance structures and revitalization of open vacant spaces. It is concluded that transitional use of vacant land and parcels are to be used and utilized for developing a sustainable green city. However, urban vacant land and parcel spaces are required to be utilized for revitalization purposes to be stimulated. Social-ecological analysis focusing on vacant lots in underdeveloped urban spaces hold potential for urban transformation to meet the social needs and improve the ecological services.
Situational Atmospheres
Authors: Abusaada Hisham , Elshater Abeer
Published: July 2020

This chapter examines how placemaking and filmmaking can improve teaching urban design-based situations of atmospheres. The qualitative-deductive form of content analysis addresses atmospheres in four Egyptian and American films and thus creates a conceptual framework for design strategy in studio of urban design. In this chapter, the authors discuss this framework with regard to the works of the Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz. They show that filmmaking and placemaking are similar in the intellectual discourse because both produce ideas, themes, and events together with architectural elements and experience of everyday life. The findings highlight the impact of local architecture on the quantitative and nonquantitative factors that create affective atmospheres. The theoretical argument proved that the process of filmmaking could constitute a method for teaching in urban design studios and urban design history. The conclusion gives an action plan to use cinematic works as a tool for enhancing teaching affective atmospheres in urban-design studios.
Implications of Digital Transformation on the Strategy Development Process for Business Leaders
Authors: Pelser Theunis Gert , Gaffley Garth
Published: July 2020

What the internet with its connectivity did to facilitate the third industrial revolution, cloud computing and artificial intelligence have done for the fourth industrial revolution. Technology is changing the world at an alarming rate, which includes products and services that require scale to manage the growing demands of an ever-changing and increasing population. Digital transformation is enabled through cloud technology where human comprehension cannot cope with the size and speed of data required to manage a business in the digital economy. Artificial intelligence and machine learning assist in activities to overcome human limitation, using algorithms to develop predictive and simulation models and scale to provide data for decision making. The technologies employed to run and execute these require skill and resource. The challenge for the modern-day CEO is that the use of technology and its demand in the digital economy of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is not fully understood by them due to their digital skill level and managing the generational skill sets in their structure.
Energy Efficient, Resource-Aware, Prediction Based VM Provisioning Approach for Cloud Environment
Authors: Kumar Akkrabani Bharani Pradeep , Rao P. Venkata Nageswara
Published: July 2020

Over the past few decades, computing environments have progressed from a single-user milieu to highly parallel supercomputing environments, network of workstations (NoWs) and distributed systems, to more recently popular systems like grids and clouds. Due to its great advantage of providing large computational capacity at low costs, cloud infrastructures can be employed as a very effective tool, but due to its dynamic nature and heterogeneity, cloud resources consuming enormous amount of electrical power and energy consumption control becomes a major issue in cloud datacenters. This article proposes a comprehensive prediction-based virtual machine management approach that aims to reduce energy consumption by reducing active physical servers in cloud data centers. The proposed model focuses on three key aspects of resource management namely, prediction-based delay provisioning; prediction-based migration, and resource-aware live migration. The comprehensive model minimizes energy consumption without violating the service level agreement and provides the required quality of service. The experiments to validate the efficacy of the proposed model are carried out on a simulated environment, with varying server and user applications and parameter sizes.
Statistical Study of Machine Learning Algorithms Using Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests
Authors: Khadse Vijay M. , Mahalle Parikshit Narendra , Shinde Gitanjali R.
Published: July 2020

The emerging area of the internet of things (IoT) generates a large amount of data from IoT applications such as health care, smart cities, etc. This data needs to be analyzed in order to derive useful inferences. Machine learning (ML) plays a significant role in analyzing such data. It becomes difficult to select optimal algorithm from the available set of algorithms/classifiers to obtain best results. The performance of algorithms differs when applied to datasets from different application domains. In learning, it is difficult to understand if the difference in performance is real or due to random variation in test data, training data, or internal randomness of the learning algorithms. This study takes into account these issues during a comparison of ML algorithms for binary and multivariate classification. It helps in providing guidelines for statistical validation of results. The results obtained show that the performance measure of accuracy for one algorithm differs by critical difference (CD) than others over binary and multivariate datasets obtained from different application domains.
Green and Blue Economy
Authors: Striani Fabrizio
Published: July 2020

The concept of green economy has received significant international attention over the past few years as a tool to address the 2008 financial crisis. Governments today are seeking effective ways to lead their nations out of the crisis and the green economy (in its various forms) has been proposed as a means for catalyzing renewed national policy development and international cooperation and support for sustainable development. The aim of this article is to define and highlight the importance of the green (blue) economy and compare it with the so-called greed economy. This article is divided into different sections: after a brief introduction is a systematic literature review; the second section is about sustainable development and the green economy concept; the third is about the green economy and blue economy concept; and the fourth compares greed economy to green (blue) economy. Finally, the author will draw conclusions.
Climate Change Situation in Kenya and Measures Towards Adaptive Management in the Water Sector
Authors: Nyika Joan Mwihaki
Published: July 2020

Climate change is a growing challenge to socio-economic development and sustainable environmental management worldwide. Developing countries with low adaptive capacity and high vulnerability to the phenomena are affected severely. This study assessed the climate change situation in a developing country, its effects on the water sector and adaptive responses to improve climate change resilience using Kenya as a case study. Findings showed that Kenya is experiencing temperature and rainfall rises currently, and future projections showed an even worse situation. Climate variability and change however differed based on time and space. Highlighted effects on the water sector included fluctuations in its quantities and deterioration of its quality. Adaptive responses such as infrastructural modifications of water body environments, forecasting using models to predict climate change uncertainties and disseminating early warnings are discussed. Their success relies on strong policy and institutions to steer their implementation in Kenya.
Theories of Corruption “Public Choice-Extractive Theory” as Alternative for Combating Corruption
Authors: Olujobi Olusola Joshua , Olujobi Oluwatosin Michael
Published: July 2020

Corruption is a recurrent decimal in Nigeria's upstream petroleum sector due to weak enforcement of anti-corruption and transparency laws. This sector is considered corrupt due to the rampant mismanagement of petroleum resources. The article analyses rent-seeking, public choice and extractive theories of corruption among others due to their impacts in combating corruption. It also queries other anti-corruption models that are relevant to this study to promote transparency and to strengthen national anti-corruption laws for combating corruption in the Nigeria's upstream petroleum sector. The study is a doctrinal legal research that adopts a point-by-point comparative approach with library research method. The study proposed a hybrid theory of corruption titled “Public Choice-Extractive Theory of Corruption” as an alternative perspective that will effectively combat corruption in the sector. In conclusion, the study finds that corruption strives on the weak enforcement of anti-corruption laws and lack of political will in providing effective regulatory intervention. The study recommends among other reforms, soft law approach and strict enforcement of anti-corruption laws for transparency in the upstream petroleum sector in Nigeria.
Context Aware Data Perception in Cognitive Internet of Things - Cognitive Agent Approach
Authors: Bhajantri Lokesh B. , Baluragi Prashant M.
Published: July 2020

In the past, the existing Internet of Things caused traffic congestion and receiver uncertainty problems due to insufficient data transfer between the nodes or devices for data perception. The authors have proposed the method for context-aware data perception in the cognitive internet of things environment. The proposed context-aware data perception is described in the following stages, initially nodes in Cognitive Internet of Things network are clustered effectively using adaptive pillar ‘K' means clustering algorithm. After the formation of effective clusters, the cognitive agent performs the effective context-aware data learning using support-based convolutional neural networks. Finally, adaptive fuzzy logic defines the effective decision for data perception. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the cognitive agent approaches of data perception in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption, data perception accuracy, and throughput in the cognitive internet of things.
An Architecture for Big IoT Data Analytics in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Aliguliyev Ramiz M. , Alakbarov Rashid G. , Tahirzada Shalala F.
Published: July 2020

The application of the fast-growing information and communications technologies (ICT) in the industry has led to an increase in the quality of industrial processes. Through the application of Internet of Things (IoT) considered as a new technological concept in the oil and gas industry, it is possible to provide a high level of security by detecting previously the errors, the faults in real-time, to minimize the costs of production processes such as exploration, search, monitoring in the oil industry, to achieve the optimization of the activity to ensure highly productive performance. The application of IoT in the industry can lead to collect an exponential volume of data and, consequently, to some challenges in the analysis phase. Taking these into account, the article deals with the research on IoT technologies and the application of industrial processes to improve the quality of production processes in the oil and gas industry. In this paper, multi-layered analysis architecture for processing big data in the oil & gas industry is proposed.
Alternative Generation in Complex Decision Modelling Using a Firefly Algorithm Metaheuristic Approach
Authors: Yeomans Julian Scott
Published: July 2020

Decision-making in the “real world” can become dominated by inconsistent performance requirements and incompatible specifications that can be difficult to detect when supporting mathematical programming models are formulated. There are invariably unmodelled elements, not apparent during model construction, which can greatly impact the acceptability of the model's solutions. Consequently, it can frequently prove beneficial to construct a set of options that provide dissimilar approaches to such problems. These alternatives should possess near-optimal objective measures with respect to all known objectives, but be maximally different from each other in terms of their decision variables. The approach for creating maximally different sets of solutions is referred to as modelling-to-generate-alternatives (MGA). This article provides an efficient biologically-inspired algorithm that can generate sets of maximally different alternatives by employing the Firefly Algorithm metaheuristic. The computational efficacy of this MGA approach is demonstrated on a commonly-tested benchmark problem.
Cities as Complex Systems
Authors: Opromolla Antonio , Volpi Valentina
Published: July 2020

Cities can be considered as “complex systems,” since they are characterized by multiple connected elements and by relations among them that are not always recognizable. The massive presence of digital technologies in urban spaces that transform them into “hybrid” spaces makes cities even more complex. This article shows some of the challenges that arise in this new context (e.g., rethinking the people experience in the urban spaces; developing new “urban competences” using in an effective way the large amount of produced data; focusing on the human aspects rather than the technological ones; thinking of sustainable solutions from the environmental, social, and economic point of view; etc.), and it proposes the application of collaborative design frameworks that can offer specific tools and methodologies to face them.
Walkable Urban Environments for Wellbeing
Authors: Eynard Enrico , Melis Giulia , Tabasso Matteo
Published: July 2020

As is widely recognized, walking is good for health and improves well-being, and in recent years, several studies have analyzed the phenomenon of walkability to assess its effectiveness and to understand the main factors influencing people's choice of walking. In this article, the main issues are taken up as regards the effectiveness of moving on foot as well as the elements of the environment that encourage this type of mobility. However, as we know, not all people are the same, and therefore, the choice of moving on foot is not taken according to the same principles by all categories of citizens. For this reason, this article focuses on a tool, developed in recent years by the authors, that aims to determine levels of walkability (walk index) that can be adapted according to the category of users considered.
Assembling the Bathymetric Puzzle to Create a Global Ocean Map
Authors: Ferrini Vicki
Published: July 2020

AbstractBathymetry data are fundamental ocean observations that are important for a variety of applications including exploration and research, habitat mapping, resource management, coastal and ocean resilience, and policy decisions. Despite the importance of these data,
the majority of the ocean, and our planet, remains unmapped. As a result, we lack comprehensive integrated data and information products at the resolutions necessary to address fundamental questions about subaqueous environments. With the increasing availability of mapping technology, advances
in computing and data science, and an evolving culture that embraces data sharing, there are new opportunities to produce high-quality, publicly available, integrated bathymetry data products. Coordinated efforts with grand aspirations to completely map the world's oceans come at a pivotal
time as we confront global challenges related to a changing planet. Through coordination and collaboration across communities, scales, and sectors, we can accelerate toward delivering data and information products that are useful to society while developing strong collaborative relationships
that will have long-lasting effects. The technical and collaborative approaches developed for completely mapping the world ocean can be applied to systematic mapping efforts in other subaqueous environments and can benefit initiatives such as Lakebed 2030.
Review of Deep-Ocean High-Pressure Simulation Systems
Authors: Song Wentao , Cui Weicheng
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeep-sea technology and equipment are required to explore the oceans and utilize ocean resources in the 21stcentury. Deep-ocean simulation systems (DOSs) play an essential role in the development of deep-sea equipment. This paper gives a detailed overview of deep-ocean high-pressure simulation systems (DOHPSs) worldwide. First, the history of DOS is introduced, and then the primary available equipment, particularly coming out of China, is described. Next, the new concept of the cold isostatic pressing (CIP) chamber and its technology and equipment are reviewed. Then, the basic mathematical theory for the design of pressure chambers is introduced to illustrate the limitations of the traditional monobloc chamber. To easily understand the pre-stressed wire-wound (PSWW) design, the pre-stress coefficient is introduced in theoretical analysis. Some valuable researches of PSWW are presented. Finally, the sealing design of DOS, especially tooth-locked quick-actuating closures (TLQAC), is discussed. The paper aims to inspire readers to develop innovative ideas about the future design of DOS.
Impact of Exposure to Patient Death or Near Death on Compassion Fatigue in Pediatric Intensive Care Nurses
Authors: Richardson Kyle S. , Greenle Meredith MacKenzie
Published: July 2020

Background

Compassion fatigue affects up to 40% of health care professionals who work in intensive care settings. Frequent exposure to the death of patients, particularly children, may put nurses at risk for compassion fatigue, but the relation between these is unclear among those working in pediatric intensive care units.

Objectives

To examine the relationship between exposure to the death or near death of a pediatric patient and compassion fatigue, specifically the outcomes of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress.

Methods

Pediatric and neonatal intensive care nurses were surveyed about their exposure to patient death and near-death experiences. They were asked to respond to the Professional Quality of Life Scale, which has 3 subscales that measure compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression modeling was used to identify correlates of these outcomes.

Results

Of the 65 respondents, 94% were female, 41% were aged 31 to 45 years, and 71% had a bachelor’s degree. No significant relationship was found between nurses’ experiences of patient death or near death and their compassion satisfaction, burnout, or secondary traumatic stress. Significant correlates of compassion satisfaction and burnout included educational level and an age-experience interaction.

Conclusions

No relationship seems to exist between nurses’ experiences of patient death or near death and their compassion satisfaction, burnout, or secondary traumatic stress. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of educational attainment on nurse outcomes and determine how best to support nurses who are at risk for compassion fatigue.
Relationship Between Intensive Care Unit Delirium Severity and 2-Year Mortality and Health Care Utilization
Authors: Andrews Patricia S. , Wang Sophia , Perkins Anthony J. , Gao Sujuan , Khan Sikandar , Lindroth Heidi , Boustani Malaz , Khan Babar
Published: July 2020

Background

Critical care patients with delirium are at an increased risk of functional decline and mortality long term.

Objective

To determine the relationship between delirium severity in the intensive care unit and mortality and acute health care utilization within 2 years after hospital discharge.

Methods

A secondary data analysis of the Pharmacological Management of Delirium and Deprescribe randomized controlled trials. Patients were assessed twice daily for delirium or coma using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale and the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Delirium severity was measured using the CAM-ICU-7. Mean delirium severity (from time of randomization to discharge) was categorized as rapidly resolving, mild to moderate, or severe. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model time to death, first emergency department visit, and rehospitalization. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, discharge location, diagnosis, and intensive care unit type.

Results

Of 434 patients, those with severe delirium had higher mortality risk than those with rapidly resolving delirium (hazard ratio 2.21; 95% CI, 1.35-3.61). Those with 5 or more days of delirium or coma had higher mortality risk than those with less than 5 days (hazard ratio 1.52; 95% CI, 1.07-2.17). Delirium severity and number of days of delirium or coma were not associated with time to emergency department visits and rehospitalizations.

Conclusion

Increased delirium severity and days of delirium or coma are associated with higher mortality risk 2 years after discharge.
Dual Roles of PU.1 in the Expression of PD-L2: Direct Transactivation with IRF4 and Indirect Epigenetic Regulation
Authors: Inaba Keito , Yashiro Takuya , Hiroki Ikumi , Watanabe Ryosuke , Kasakura Kazumi , Nishiyama Chiharu
Published: July 2020

PD-L2, which has been identified as a PD-1 ligand, is specifically expressed in dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. The transcription factors that determine the cell type-specific expression of PD-L2 are largely unknown, although PD-1 and its ligands, which have been shown to play important roles in T cell suppression, have been vigorously analyzed in the field of cancer immunology. To reveal the mechanism by which Pdcd1lg2 gene expression is regulated, we focused on DCs, which play key roles in innate and acquired immunity. The knockdown of the hematopoietic cell–specific transcription factors PU.1 and IRF4 decreased PD-L2 expression in GM-CSF–induced mouse bone marrow–derived DCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, luciferase assays, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that PU.1 and IRF4 bound directly to the Pdcd1lg2 gene via an Ets-IRF composite element sequence and coordinately transactivated the Pdcd1lg2 gene. Furthermore, PU.1 knockdown reduced the histone acetylation of the Pdcd1lg2 gene. The knockdown of the typical histone acetyltransferase p300, which has been reported to interact with PU.1, decreased the expression and H3K27 acetylation of the Pdcd1lg2 gene. GM-CSF stimulation upregulated the Pdcd1lg2 gene expression, which was accompanied by an increase in PU.1 binding and histone acetylation in Flt3L-generated mouse bone marrow–derived DCs. The involvement of PU.1, IRF4, and p300 were also observed in mouse splenic DCs. Overall, these results indicate that PU.1 positively regulates Pdcd1lg2 gene expression as a transactivator and an epigenetic regulator in DCs.
KLRG1+ Memory CD8 T Cells Combine Properties of Short-Lived Effectors and Long-Lived Memory
Authors: Renkema Kristin R. , Huggins Matthew A. , Borges da Silva Henrique , Knutson Todd P. , Henzler Christy M. , Hamilton Sara E.
Published: July 2020

CD8 effector T cells with a CD127hi KLRG1− phenotype are considered precursors to the long-lived memory pool, whereas KLRG1+CD127low cells are viewed as short-lived effectors. Nevertheless, we and others have shown that a KLRG1+CD127low population persists into the memory phase and that these T cells (termed long-lived effector cells [LLEC]) display robust protective function during acute rechallenge with bacteria or viruses. Whether these T cells represent a true memory population or are instead a remnant effector cell population that failed to undergo initial contraction has remained unclear. In this study, we show that LLEC from mice express a distinct phenotypic and transcriptional signature that shares characteristics of both early effectors and long-lived memory cells. We also find that in contrast to KLRG1+ effector cells, LLEC undergo homeostatic proliferation and are not critically dependent on IL-15 for their maintenance. Furthermore, we find that LLEC are predominantly derived from KLRG1+ effector cells when isolated at day 12 of the response. Our work challenges the concept that the KLRG1+CD127low population is dominated by short-lived cells and shows that KLRG1 downregulation is not a prerequisite to become a long-lived protective memory T cell.
C5aR2 Activation Broadly Modulates the Signaling and Function of Primary Human Macrophages
Authors: Li Xaria X. , Clark Richard J. , Woodruff Trent M.
Published: July 2020

The complement activation fragment C5a is a potent proinflammatory mediator that is increasingly recognized as an immune modulator. C5a acts through two C5a receptors, C5aR1 (C5aR, CD88) and C5aR2 (C5L2, GPR77), to powerfully modify multiple aspects of immune cell function. Although C5aR1 is generally acknowledged to be proinflammatory and immune-activating, the potential roles played by C5aR2 remain poorly defined. Despite studies demonstrating C5aR2 can modulate C5aR1 in human cells, it is not yet known whether C5aR2 functionality is limited to, or requires, C5aR1 activation or influences immune cells more broadly. The present study, therefore, aimed to characterize the roles of C5aR2 on the signaling and function of primary human monocyte–derived macrophages, using a C5aR2 agonist (Ac-RHYPYWR-OH; P32) to selectively activate the receptor. We found that although C5aR2 activation with P32 by itself was devoid of any detectable MAPK signaling activities, C5aR2 agonism significantly dampened C5aR1-, C3aR-, and chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1)–mediated ERK signaling and altered intracellular calcium mobilization mediated by these receptors. Functionally, selective C5aR2 activation also downregulated cytokine production triggered by various TLRs (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7), C-type lectin receptors (Dectin-1, Dectin-2, and Mincle), and the cytosolic DNA sensor stimulator of IFN genes (STING). Surprisingly, activity at the C-type lectin receptors was particularly powerful, with C5aR2 activation reducing Mincle-mediated IL-6 and TNF-α generation by 80–90%. In sum, this study demonstrates that C5aR2 possesses pleiotropic functions in primary human macrophages, highlighting the role of C5aR2 as a powerful regulator of innate immune function.
Hairy root culture of white mulberry (Morus alba L.) for a source of tyrosinase inhibitors
Authors: Nguyen Hanh Thi My , Tran Tan Quoc , Bui Anh Lan , Quach Phuong Ngo Diem
Published: July 2020

White mulberry (Morus alba L.) root was reported to contain potential tyrosinase inhibitors such as norartocarpetin, streppogenin, oxyresveratrol (5, 7, 2′, 4′-tetrahydroxy-flavavone) and 2-arylbenzofuran. This study aims at investigating Morus alba L. hairy root culture to create a source of tyrosinase inhibitors for skin-whitening application. Morus alba L. leaf (including mesophyll and petiole) and stem explants were randomly wounded and inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834 in 10-40 minutes, and coculturing for 4 days. After inoculation, Agrobacterium rhizogenes were removed by using MS medium adding 200mg/L cefotaxime as antibiotics. Then, fresh inducted hairy roots were grown in nonphytohormone liquid medium (MS, White, Gamborg B5 or WPM) on a shaker (80rpm) at 25 ±1°C. Inducted hairy roots were tested for the present of rolB by PCR analysis and its effect on tyrosinase activity using a 96-well plate reader. The suitable explants for hairy root induction are leaves, especially petioles in 10 minutes (root induction frequency: 83%). After induction, hairy roots on MS was grown more efficiently (increased 3.933 times in FW) than on WPM, B5 and White medium. Inducted hairy roots were successfully transgenes by the present of rolB in their genome and had the same anti-tyrosinase activity as the natural roots without significance differences (IC50: 3.860 and 3.597 μg/mL, respectively). Cultured Morus alba L. hairy roots are potential source of tyrosinase inhibitors for future skin-whitening ingredient.
Factors Associated With Delayed Concussion Reporting by United States Service Academy Cadets
Authors: Bookbinder Haley A. , Houston Megan N. , Peck Karen Y. , Habecker Stephanie , Colsant Brian J. , Kelly Tim F. , Roach Sean P. , Malvasi Steven R. , McGinty Gerald T. , Campbell Darren E. , Svoboda Steven J. , Cameron Kenneth L.
Published: July 2020

Context

Approximately half of individuals who sustain a concussion do not immediately report their injuries. Motivators for not reporting include thinking the suspected concussion was not a serious injury and wanting to continue participating in activity. Additionally, military personnel have concerns about how concussions may affect their careers. However, delayed reporting can prolong neurobehavioral recovery. Understanding the frequency of delayed reporting and contributing factors will aid in identifying individuals who may be more likely to delay reporting.

Objective

To describe the frequency of delayed concussion reporting by service academy cadets and determine if sex, injury setting, sport level, or medical history is capable of predicting delayed reporting.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

Service academies.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 316 patients with concussions were observed from January 2014 to August 2016.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

All cadets completed an annual concussion baseline collection of demographic, medical history, and sports participation information. Delayed concussion reporting served as the outcome variable. Predictor variables were sex, injury setting, and sport level, as well as concussion, headache, and learning disorder history. Frequencies were calculated to describe the proportion of participants who delayed reporting. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess if the predictor variables were associated with delayed concussion reporting. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all variables included in the final model.

Results

Of the patients with concussion, 51% were classified as delayed reporting. In univariable models, females (OR = 1.70) and National Collegiate Athletic Association cadet-athletes (OR = 1.98) were more likely to delay reporting than males and intramural cadet-athletes, respectively. The multivariable model yielded similar findings.

Conclusions

Roughly half of the cadets who sustained a concussion failed to immediately report their injury. Specifically, our data suggested that female cadets, cadets injured outside of competition, and highly competitive cadet-athletes were almost twice as likely to delay reporting as others.
Experimental Study of Additive-Manufacturing-Enabled Innovative Diesel Combustion Bowl Features for Achieving Ultra-Low Emissions and High Efficiency
Authors: Belgiorno Giacomo , Boscolo Andrea , Dileo Gennaro , Numidi Fabio , Pesce Francesco Concetto , Vassallo Alberto , Ianniello Roberto , Beatrice Carlo , Di Blasio Gabriele
Published: July 2020

In recent years the research on Diesel engines has been increasingly shifting from performance and refinement to ultra-low emissions and efficiency. In fact, the last two attributes are key for the powertrain competitiveness in the propulsion electrified future, especially in the European market where 95gCO2/km fleet average and Euro6D RDE Step2 are phasing in at the same time. The present paper describes some of the most innovative research that GM and Istituto Motori Napoli are performing in the field, exploring how the steel-based additive manufacturing can be used to create innovative combustion bowl features that optimize the combustion process to a level that was not compatible with standard manufacturing technologies. In particular, a novel profile combining highly-reentrant sharp-stepped bowl with inner radial-lips has been studied on a 0.5ℓ single-cylinder engine in conjunction to a state of art 2500bar fast-acting fuel injection system, with the objective to demonstrate the full potential of optimized fuel stratification and spray separation enabled by the Radial Mixing Zone (RMZ) concept. The results confirmed the improved fuel/air mixing and more complete combustion promoted by RMZ, that favors PM oxidation. Indeed, after fine-tuning of injector protrusion and spray indexing to the radial lips, excellent reduction of PM by 25-50% vs baseline Euro6B design was recorded, with no detriment to the indicated efficiency nor engine power density. The novel bowl profile was especially effective when compact injection patterns have been applied at part load. This initial study provides a good reference for further improvements that are already under investigation, including durability of the additive manufactured piston with complex geometry.
An impact of simulated interprofessional workshop on healthcare professionals’ and patients’ values recognition
Authors: Ernawati Desak , Suka Aryana I Gusti Putu , Onishi Hirotaka
Published: July 2020

Values-based practice is a new practice framework that promotes discussion focusing on the patient’s and healthcare professionals’ values for better clinical decision making. Our workshop was developed along with the framework of values-based practice. This workshop aimed to internalize diversity of values of both patients and health professionals and to rank interprofessional discussion as valuable to reach acceptable decision for both sides. The workshop involved healthcare professionals who worked in a public hospital in Bali. They were 6 medical doctors, 6 nurses, 4 nutritionist, 3 pharmacists, and 3 physiotherapists involved. The participants attended 1.5-hour lectures on comprehensive geriatric management and on interprofessional care for the elderly. In the next 1.5 hours the participants had simulated interprofessional conference for an elderly patient case. In the first half of the conference, participants formed groups of 5-6 people and played the roles of different healthcare members and a patient. The participants discussed the care management decision for the patient. In the latter half the participants started simulated discharge conference. After the conference, participants were asked to complete an evaluation questionnaire for this workshop. Twenty participants completed the questionnaire. Seven participants responded perfectly for the question “the workshop had internalized diversity of values of patients/healthcare professionals’ sides” and the remaining responded fairly. Meanwhile 40% of participants ranked the interprofessional discussion as perfectly valuable to negotiate recognition between patient and healthcare side. Open-ended questions revealed that the discussion enhanced healthcare professionals’ understanding of values of patients in delivering care for elderly patients. Interprofessional discussion allows internalization of values for both of patient and healthcare professionals’ sides.
Hacia la utopía ambiental: desafíos desde el aula.
Authors: Nieves Chávez Mayra Araceli , Olvera Pantoja Edgar Emanuel
Published: July 2020

El artículo muestra los resultados preliminares del proyecto socioeducativo Educación ambiental y recreación, en la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, México; cuyo objetivo fue concientizar sobre el maltrato a la vida. Sus componentes se encaminaron a sostener buenas prácticas en el cuidado del entorno y la creación de manuales sobre educación ambiental, dirigidos a distintos niveles educativos. Los sustentos pedagógicos y filosóficos del mismo se basaron en las visiones de Freire y Bloch. La metodología empleada fue la animación sociocultural a partir de actividades lúdicas, proyectándose iniciativas a favor del ambiente. Los resultados reflejaron el reconocimiento de los estudiantes a la naturalidad del ser; al desarraigo actual de lo ambiental; y a la necesidad de fomentar hábitos responsables de consumo y prácticas de rutina amigables con la naturaleza, en su caso, mediante los huertos medicinales. Se concluye que la escisión del sujeto con su entorno natural no le permite concientizarse con su cuidado; por lo cual la educación ambiental debe conllevar el regreso del individuo a la naturaleza para reconstruirse a sí mismo, y con ello, poder asumir la responsabilidad social de proteger todas las formas de vida en el Planeta.
PASS Teorisi Üzerine Genel Bir Literatür Taraması
Authors: ÜN Duygu
Published: July 2020

PASS teorisinin temeli Luria’nın (1970) beyin çalışmalarına dayanmaktadır. Das, Naglieri ve Kirby (1994) tarafından PASS teorisi Planlama, Dikkat, Eş zamanlı ve Ardıl Bilişsel İşlemlerden meydana gelen nörobilişsel bir zeka teorisi olarak geliştirilmiş ve kavramsallaştırılmıştır (Das, Naglieri ve Kirby, 1994). Güncel olarak nörobilişsel psikoloji içinde yer alan bir araştırma alanıdır. PASS teorisi beynin dört bilişsel işlevi üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. PASS teorisi uygulamaları uluslararası ve ulusal ölçekte uygulamalı araştırmalarda çalışılmış olmasına rağmen çocuğun öğrenme profilinin tesbiti ve uygun eğitimin sağlanmasına ilişkin bir muğlaklı olduğu ve Türkçe literatürde tam olarak karşılığını bulamadığı dikkat çekmektedir. Bu nedenle bu makalede PASS teorisine ilişkin genel bir literatür taraması yapılarak, PASS teorisinin alt yapısına, öğrenme ve beyin ile ilişkisine, araştırma alanlarına yer verilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre PASS teorisi farklı öğrenme profillerini kanıta dayalı olarak teşhisinde altarnetif bir yaklaşım olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. PASS teorisi dikkatin korunması, bilginin işlenmesi ve depolanması ile zihinsel aktivitenin yönetimi ve yönü, bilişsel işlevler üretmek için birlikte çalışan operasyonel birimlerin faaliyetlerini içermektedir (Das, Naglieri ve Kirby, 1994). Araştırma alanlarının ise Bilişsel Değerlendirme Sİstemi-CAS, bilişsel işleyişin ölçülmesi, Planlama, Dikkat, Eş zamanlı ve Ardıl Bilişsel İşlemler ile çocuğun güçlü ve zayıf yönlerin tanımlanması ve öğrenme ilişkisi dikkat çekmektedir. Sonuç olarak, gelecek araştırmalarda PASS teorisi eğitim uygulamları ile örneklem çeşitliliği önerilebilir. Böylece, PASS teorisi temel alınarak uygulanacak eğitim programları çeşitliliği artacak, araştırmalar zenginleşecek, bilimsel çalışmalar için farkındalıklar oluşacaktır.
Gramática da Matemática e seus usos
Authors: Silveira Marisa Rosâni Abreu
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o uso da gramática da Matemática em situações de ensino e de aprendizagem. Tal análise é feita com base na filosofia da linguagem, segundo Wittgenstein e por alguns de seus comentadores. Para tanto, nesse texto teórico, discutimos a universalidade da linguagem matemática; a necessidade da tradução da linguagem matemática para a linguagem natural; e o uso da gramática da Matemática e alguns de seus desdobramentos. A gramática da Matemática é o conjunto de regras que determinam o uso correto de símbolos e palavras do vocabulário matemático e é na aplicação dessas regras que o aprendiz compreende o sentido dos conceitos matemáticos.
Palavras-chave: Linguagem. Matemática. Universalidade. Gramática. Wittgenstein.
Hacia un modelo europeo de control jurídico del poder ejecutivo
Authors: López Ramón Fernando
Published: July 2020

Hacia un modelo europeo de control jurídico del poder ejecutivo. El primer objeto de este trabajo es poner de relieve las características propias de los tres grandes modelos europeos de control jurídico del poder ejecutivo: el judicial británico, el administrativo francés y el especializado alemán. A continuación, se consideran las posibilidades de configurar un modelo común europeo en la materia a partir de los polos de atracción que constituyen el derecho al proceso equitativo conforme a la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, y especialmente la práctica del poliédrico y eficaz sistema de control jurídico establecido en la Unión Europea. A la vista de la evolución de los diferentes modelos históricos y teniendo en cuenta la particular atracción del practicado en la Unión Europea, se intenta diseñar algunas características de ese modelo común: racionalización, flexibilidad, especialización y colaboración.
La deriva interpretativa de los límites al crecimiento urbanístico del Plan de Ordenación del Territorio de Andalucía
Authors: Górgolas Martín Pedro
Published: July 2020

La irrupción del Plan de Ordenación del Territorio de Andalucía supuso una importante convulsión en el urbanismo andaluz1. La regulación del modelo de ciudad compacta preceptuado en su Norma 45 y, específicamente, la imposición de límites a la capacidad decisoria de los ayuntamientos para promover crecimientos urbanísticos, impactó en una situación caracterizada por la vigencia de modelos territoriales que presentaban signos evidentes de sobreclasificación del suelo. Esta casuística fundamentó la necesidad, por parte de la Administración Autonómica, de fijar criterios y reglas para evaluar la adecuación a la planificación territorial de las innovaciones -revisiones integrales, revisiones parciales, modificaciones puntuales o planes de sectorización- a proponer en los Planes Generales de Ordenación Urbanística. Esta iniciativa se instrumentó mediante la formulación de Instrucciones administrativas -instrumentos sin fuerza normativa- lo cual resultó, cuanto menos, paradójico. Se formularon, en apenas siete años -los que median entre 2007 y 2014-, un total de cuatro Instrucciones, cuyo contenido denota una deriva interpretativa, en cierto modo incomprensible, sobre las actuaciones urbanísticas integrantes del crecimiento que habría que considerar computable a efectos de verificar el cumplimiento de los límites impuestos por la citada disposición. El análisis realizado en el artículo certificará el carácter errático, cambiante, voluble e impredecible de la política territorial desarrollada en la región andaluza en dicho periodo.
Avances y desarrollos pendientes a más de diez años del Estatuto de Autonomía
Authors: Pérez-Domínguez Fernando
Published: July 2020

El 20 de marzo de 2017 el Estatuto de Autonomía cumplió diez años desde su reforma. Su artículo 138 establece un mandato al legislador para que regule la organización y funcionamiento de un sistema de evaluación de las políticas públicas. Dicho mandato aún no ha sido desarrollado pero la Junta de Andalucía ha programado el diseño de dicho sistema en el horizonte de 2019. Por ello, se analizan las distintas dimensiones y órganos de la evaluación de las políticas públicas que ya vienen funcionando a nivel estatal y autonómico, y se valoran desde el punto de vista de su integración sistemática con el control del gasto público y el control político y social de la acción de gobierno.
Sanciones administrativas
Authors: Lozano Cutanda Blanca
Published: July 2020

SUMARIO:

I. BREVE APUNTE HISTÓRICO Y SITUACIÓN DE LAS SANCIONES ADMINISTRATIVAS EN 1978. II. EL ESCUETO RECONOCIMIENTO POR LA CONSTITUCIÓN DEL RÉGIMEN DE LAS SANCIONES ADMINISTRATIVAS Y SU PRONTO DESARROLLO POR EL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL. III. EL ESPECTACULAR DESARROLLO DE LA POTESTAD SANCIONADORA DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN MEDIANTE UNA LEGISLACIÓN EXTRA CODICEM. IV. SITUACIÓN ACTUAL: LUCES Y SOMBRAS DE LA NUEVA REGULACIÓN DE LA POTESTAD SANCIONADORA POR LAS LEYES DE 2015 Y ALGUNAS PROPUESTAS DE MEJORA.
Bibliografía sobre derecho autonómico
Authors: Quesada Lumbreras Javier Eduardo
Published: July 2020

Bibliografía sobre derecho autonómico. Septiembre – Noviembre 2018
Notas de jurisprudencia.- Tribunal Constitucional
Authors: Escribano López Francisco
Published: July 2020

SUMARIO:

- Sentencia 34/2018, de 12 de abril de 2018 (BOE de 22 de mayo). Ponente: Fernando VALDÉS DAL-RÉ (Conflicto entre órganos constitucionales)
Las obras de urbanización y el deber de su conservación en la Ley 7/2002, de Ordenación Urbanística de Andalucía
Authors: López Pellicer José Antonio
Published: July 2020

SUMARIO:

I. INTRODUCCIÓN. II. LAS OBRAS DE URBANIZACIÓN. 1. Concepto y naturaleza. 2. Obras de urbanización y obras ordinarias: supuestos y régimen.III. EJECUCIÓN DE LAS OBRAS DE URBANIZACIÓN. 1. Presupuestos. 2. Actuación pública y actuación privada en la ejecución de las obras de urbanización: sistemas de actuación y formas de gestión.IV. LA EJECUCIÓN MATERIAL DE LAS OBRAS DE URBANIZACIÓN. 1. Sobre el proyecto de urbanización a ejecutar. 2. Ocupación de los terrenos en los que hayan de realizarse las obras de urbanización. 3. Control administrativo de la ejecución de las obras de urbanización. 4. Recepción de las obras de urbanización.V. CONSERVACIÓN DE LAS OBRAS DE URBANIZACIÓN. 1. Atribución legal al municipio del deber de conservación. 2. Conservación a cargo de los propietarios agrupados en una entidad urbanística de conservación. 3. La conservación de las urbanizaciones preexistentes en el régimen transitorio de la Ley andaluza.
La Cohesión del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Las funciones del Consejo Interterritorial
Authors: Escribano Collado Pedro
Published: July 2020

SUMARIO:

I. INTRODUCCIÓN. II. LA COORDINACIÓN SANITARIA EN LA LEY14/1986-LGS: LOS PROBLEMAS DETECTADOS POR LA DOCTRINA Y LAS SOLUCIONES PROPUESTAS: 1. El SNS y su implantación parcial. 2. La formulación de la coordinación sanitaria en la Ley 14/1986- LGS: a) Régimen de la coordinación general sanitaria. b) La misión del Consejo Interterritorial en el ámbito de la coordinación sanitaria. c) La necesidad de la aplicación plena del Sistema Nacional de Salud diseñado por la Ley 14/1986-LGS y de la reforma del Consejo. III. LA REGULACIÓN DEL CONSEJO INTERTERRITORIAL DEL SISTEMA NACIONAL DE SALUD EN LA LEY 16/2003, DE 28 DE MAYO, DE COHESIÓN Y CALIDAD DEL SISTEMA NACIONAL DE SALUD: 1. Caracterización legal del CISNS. 2. Ámbito funcional del CISNS: a) Clasificación de las competencias del Consejo de acuerdo con su contenido y efectos. b) Naturaleza y alcance de las funciones del CISNS.
La Ley del Patrimonio Histórico de 1985
Authors: García Fernández Javier
Published: July 2020

SUMARIO:

1. INTRODUCCIÓN. ¿QUÉ FUNCIÓN DESEMPEÑA HOY LA LEY ESTATAL DEL PATRIMONIO HISTÓRICO? 2. LA CONVIVENCIA LEY ESTATAL Y LEYES AUTONÓMICAS EN MATERIA DE PATRIMONIO HISTÓRICO: EL PUNTO DE INTERSECCIÓN. 3. LAS DISTINTAS OPCIONES REFORMADORAS. 4. LOS CONTENIDOS POSIBLES DE LA REFORMA DE LA LEY. 5. LA MEJORA DE LA ARTICULACIÓN DE LA LEY ESTATAL CON LAS LEYES AUTONÓMICAS. 6. LA REDEFINICIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO HISTÓRICO ESPAÑOL. 7. LA FIJACIÓN DE NUEVOS ÁMBITOS MATERIALES DE PROTECCIÓN. 8. LA ADAPTACIÓN DE LA LEY A LOS NUEVOS TRATADOS INTERNACIONALES RECIENTEMENTE ELABORADOS EN FOROS INTERNACIONALES. 9. LOS NUEVOS CAMPOS DE COOPERACIÓN ENTRE EL ESTADO Y LAS COMUNIDADES AUTÓNOMAS. 10. LA ARTICULACIÓN ENTRE LA LEGISLACIÓN PROTECTORA DE LOS BIENES CULTURALES Y LA LEGISLACIÓN URBANÍSTICA. 11. LA REDEFINICIÓN DEL ALCANCE Y DEL CONTENIDO DE LA RESTAURACIÓN MONUMENTAL. 12. LOS PROBLEMAS DE LA GESTIÓN AUTONÓMICA DE LOS ARCHIVOS, BIBLIOTECAS Y MUSEOS DE TITULARIDAD ESTATAL. 13. LA RECONSIDERACIÓN DE LA FUNCIÓN PROTECTORA DE LAS ENTIDADES LOCALES. 14. CONCLUSIONES. 15. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS.