bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung: A Focused Analysis of
BRAF
Alterations and Case Report of a
BRAF
Non-V600–Mutated Tumor Responding to Targeted Therapy
Authors: Chae Young Kwang , Tamragouri Keerthi B. , Chung Jon , Lin Xiaoqi , Miller Vincent , Ali Siraj M. , Giles Francis J.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

In advanced stages, large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung (L-LCNEC) mimics small-cell lung cancer despite its traditional classification as a non–small-cell lung cancer. Here we present a focused analysis of
BRAF
mutations in this population.

Patients and Methods

Comprehensive genomic profiling of tumor tissues was performed from a cohort of 300 patients with biopsy-proven L-LCNEC. Specimens were either from a primary lung lesion or metastatic site.

Results

In 13 patients, 14 unique
BRAF
alterations (amplifications, mutations) were identified. The importance of biomarker-driven therapy is subsequently highlighted with our case of a 69-year-old man diagnosed with metastatic L-LCNEC who did not respond to cisplatin plus etoposide. A significant durable response was then demonstrated with therapy targeted toward a
BRAF
non-V600E activating mutation (G469R) associated with biomarker response identified through circulating cell-free tumor DNA analysis. A change in clonal allele frequency from nearly 40% to nondetectable was observed.

Conclusion

Although uncommon, L-LCNEC does seem to contain activating and therefore actionable alterations. We thus highlight the value of pursuing next-generation sequencing for patients with this disease.
SNAIL Mediates TGF-β1–Induced Downregulation of Pentraxin 3 Expression in Human Granulosa Cells
Authors: Li Hui , Chang Hsun-Ming , Shi Zhendan , Leung Peter C K
Published: February 2018

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 1 plays a critical role in regulating follicular development, and its dysregulation has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of ovulation dysfunction. SNAIL is a well-known transcriptional repressor that mediates TGF-β1–induced cellular functions. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a key enzyme for the assembly and stabilization of the cumulus oophorus extracellular matrix, which is essential for cumulus expansion during the periovulatory stage. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of TGF-β1 and SNAIL in the regulation of PTX3 expression and to examine the underlying mechanism. An established immortalized human granulosa cell (GC) line (SVOG), a GC tumor cell line (KGN), and primary human granulosa-lutein cells were used as study models. We demonstrated that TGF-β1 treatment substantially decreased the messenger RNA and protein levels of PTX3. This suppressive effect was abolished by cotreatment with the soluble TGF-β type II receptor (TβRII) or the ALK4/5/7 inhibitor SB431542. Knockdown of ALK5, SMAD2/3, or SMAD4 reversed the effects of TGF-β1–induced SNAIL upregulation and PTX3 suppression. These results indicate that TGF-β1 upregulates SNAIL and downregulates PTX3 expression via a TβRII-ALK5–mediated SMAD-dependent signaling pathway in human GCs. Additionally, TGF-β1–induced PTX3 suppression was mediated by upregulation of the SNAIL transcription factor, as knockdown of SNAIL completely reversed the suppression of PTX3 in response to TGF-β1. These findings could inform the roles of TGF-β1 and SNAIL in the regulation of follicular function and might provide therapeutic targets for the treatment of ovulation dysfunction.
Quantitative analysis of enhanced malignant and benign lesions on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography
Authors: Deng Chih-Ying , Juan Yu-Hsiang , Cheung Yun-Chung , Lin Yu-Ching , Lo Yung-Feng , Lin GiGin , Chen Shin-Cheh , Ng Shu-Hang
Published: February 2018

Objective:

To retrospectively analyze the quantitative measurement and kinetic enhancement among pathologically proven benign and malignant lesions using contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM).

Methods:

We investigated the differences in enhancement between 44 benign and 108 malignant breast lesions in CESM, quantifying the extent of enhancements and the relative enhancements between early (between 2–3 min after contrast medium injection) and late (3–6 min) phases.

Results:

The enhancement was statistically stronger in malignancies compared to benign lesions, with good performance by the receiver operating characteristic curve [0.877, 95% confidence interval (0.813–0.941)]. Using optimal cut-off value at 220.94 according to Youden index, the sensitivity was 75.9%, specificity 88.6%, positive likelihood ratio 6.681, negative likelihood ratio 0.272 and accuracy 82.3%. The relative enhancement patterns of benign and malignant lesions, showing 29.92 vs 73.08% in the elevated pattern, 7.14 vs 92.86% in the steady pattern, 5.71 vs 94.29% in the depressed pattern, and 80.00 vs 20.00% in non-enhanced lesions (p < 0.0001), respectively.

Conclusion:

Despite variations in the degree of tumour angiogenesis, quantitative analysis of the breast lesions on CESM documented the malignancies had distinctive stronger enhancement and depressed relative enhancement patterns than benign lesions.

Advances in knowledge:

To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the feasibility of quantifying lesion enhancement on CESM. The quantities of enhancement were informative for assessing breast lesions in which the malignancies had stronger enhancement and more relative depressed enhancement than the benign lesions.
A biochemical logarithmic sensor with broad dynamic range
Authors: Frank Steven A.
Published: February 2018

Sensory perception often scales logarithmically with the input level. Similarly, the output response of biochemical systems sometimes scales logarithmically with the input signal that drives the system. How biochemical systems achieve logarithmic sensing remains an open puzzle. This article shows how a biochemical logarithmic sensor can be constructed from the most basic principles of chemical reactions. Assuming that reactions follow the classic Michaelis-Menton kinetics of mass action or the more generalized and commonly observed Hill equation response, the summed output of several simple reactions with different sensitivities to the input will often give an aggregate output response that logarithmically transforms the input. The logarithmic response is robust to stochastic fluctuations in parameter values. This model emphasizes the simplicity and robustness by which aggregate chemical circuits composed of sloppy components can achieve precise response characteristics. Both natural and synthetic designs gain from the power of this aggregate approach.
COMPONENTS OF EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Якушкин Николай , Yakushkin Nikolay , Сафиуллов Рамис , Safiullov Ramis
Published: February 2018

The analysis of the modern agriculture state, subjective and objective factors, affecting the industry functioning is given in the article. The main parameters of its development in the Republic of Tatarstan are shown on the basis of creation of effective clusters, allowing to increase production of competitive products from raw materials production to processing and sale. The implementation of cluster development of crop production will allow most of the raw material to be processed at the enterprises of the republic and thereby increase the added value in each subcluster of the agroindustrial complex. Optimal placement of crops and processing enterprises are proposed in the zonal section, wholesale and logistics centers, which will allow to increase the output of competitive products, expand its assortment, geography and markets for product sales. Financial resources are determined for the implementation of the tasks set, the payback of additional investments.
The System of Work on Professional Self-Determination and Vocational Guidance for Students with Disabilities
Authors: Славгородская Марина , Slavgorodskaya Marina , Доровских И. , Dorovskih I. , Янькин Д. , Yan'kin D. , Лалитова О. , Lalitova O.
Published: February 2018

The article considers the problems of professional self-guidance and employment of young people with limited health abilities graduates of boarding schools and orphanages.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Research at the Interface of Finance, Operations, and Risk Management (iFORM): Recent Contributions and Future Directions
Authors: Babich Volodymyr , Kouvelis Panos
Published: February 2018

Interface of finance, operations, and risk management (iFORM) is a relatively new research area dealing with timely, complex, and boundary-spanning issues in a variety of settings from start-ups to global enterprises. iFORM research addresses ways to better integrate physical, financial, and informational flows by combining the operational choices of the firm with its financial decisions, and merging information flows between the firm and its customers and suppliers with informational flows between the firm and its investors. We report on the main research themes of the recent iFORM research, based on, and going beyond, papers that appeared in the Manufacturing and Service Operations Management iFORM special issue. We highlight the main emerging contributions in the area. Among the most frequently addressed issues in current research include the following: supply chain finance, such as trade credit and buyer-intermediated finance and their effects on supply chain performance; agency problems, such as risk shifting and managerial short-termism and their influence on operational decisions; contracting between the firm and its investors and how it alters contracting with supply chain partners; and supply risk management in the form of dealing with commodity price fluctuations and supplier performance issues. We suggest four promising directions of future iFORM research: supply chain finance, integrated risk management, start-up and entrepreneurial financing, and asset pricing with supply chains.
UK Foreign Policy and Intelligence in the Post-Truth Era: Radical Violent Extremism and “Blow-Back”
Authors: Keenan Jeremy H.
Published: February 2018

Recent terrorist attacks in the UK have raised questions over the relationship between Britain's foreign policy and terrorist attacks in the UK. The main arguments made by Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn, his critics and the views of those charged with defending the UK from terrorism are summarized. The article argues that the UK government's reasons for denying a relationship between foreign policy and terrorist attacks are because of (1) evidence that Britain's foreign policies have contributed to violent radical extremism and (2) links between some “terrorists”, designated jihadist groups and Britain's intelligence services.
T. J. Coles,
Britain's Secret Wars: How and why the United Kingdom Sponsors Conflict around the World
Authors: H. Keenan Jeremy
Published: February 2018

None
L. Weber, E. Fishwick and M. Marmo (EDS),
The Routledge International Handbook of Crimonology and Human Rights
Authors: Canning Victoria
Published: February 2018

None
Pick up pattern from logic fuzzy in mathematics for zonation of ‎landslide hazard
Authors: Sharifi Rahman
Published: February 2018

First landslide hazard zonation provided based on Fuzzy logic by landslide area laid on the Slope map, ‎Geology( lithology) map, Aspect map. Then, these maps classes of priority and coming next determine based ‎on existing landslides area in the geology, slope, and aspect of maps. In the geology map of tuff, shale, and ‎conglomerate rocks, about with hectare 1440.43(about percent 23.94 ) and shelly limestone ‎‎ about with hectare ‎‎0.88 (about percent 0.01 ) and in the slope map, X>45 classes about with hectare 2794 ( about percent 46.44 ) ‎and 15-25 classes about with hectare 737 ( about percent 12.25) and in the aspect map, East classes with about ‎hectare 1882 ( about percent 31.28 ) and west classes with hectare 579 ( about percent 9.62 ) sequential have ‎most and least landslide area. Then, in the final drawer to dimension centimeters 2 in region watershed ‎management of map and we counted from 0 until 863 based on geology, slope and aspect that exist the only unit ‎‎624 counted from 0 until 623. Then (y) units settled sequential, numbers 0 to 105 in very low sensitivity class ‎‎(one class), numbers 106 to 207 in low sensitivity class (two class), numbers 208 to 345 in average sensitivity ‎class (three class), numbers 346 to 498 in high sensitivity class (four class) and numbers 499 to 623. then ‎landslide hazard zonation provided a base on Fuzzy logic.‎
The Efficacy of Heart Rate Variability in Tracking Travel and Training Stress in Youth Female Rowers: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Egan-Shuttler Julian D. , Edmonds Rohan , Ives Stephen J.
Published: February 2018

Egan-Shuttler, JD, Edmonds, R, and Ives, SJ. The efficacy of heart rate variability in tracking travel and training stress in youth female rowers: A preliminary study. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3293–3300, 2020—Heart rate variability (HRV) is a reliable indicator of cardiac parasympathetic activity and has been used in athletic populations to measure training adaptations. To date, there is limited research showing whether HRV is practical in youth female athletes and rowers during short periods of overload training. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the practicality of HRV in documenting training responses during a period of overload training in youth female rowers. Time-domain (SD of N-N intervals, SDNN; root mean square of successive differences, RMSSD) and nonlinear (SD1) indices of HRV were recorded during baseline training, daily during the 6-day training camp, and 1 week after the camp in 5 athletes from an elite, high-school, rowing team. Training duration and rate of perceived exertion were recorded to document training load. Training load during the camp was 76% above the athlete's normal workload (2,258 ± 459 vs. 1,280 ± 356 arbitrary units (a.u.)). Using progressive statistics, cardiac vagal activity (RMSSD and SD1) was very likely reduced during each day of the camp when compared with baseline training, although returned to baseline within a week of the training camp. Interestingly, SDNN was reduced throughout the training camp and remained reduced up to a week after the training camp (78% likely; effect size = −0.32). These insights add value to HRV's use in youth sport and provides coaches with an easy, cost-effective means to monitor the physiological response to training, allowing fine-tuning of training, potentially enhancing performance.
Miniature Centrifuge Modeling for Conventional Consolidation Test
Authors: Balci Mehmet C. , Kayabali Kamil , Asadi Ramin
Published: February 2018

Consolidation parameters are usually determined in the laboratory with oedometer tests in earth gravity conditions (1 g). However, performing the test is very time-consuming. Although dynamic approaches in which higher accelerations are applied have been developed as an alternative to the static approaches to reduce the duration of consolidation tests, these methods are expensive and require huge centrifuges. Moreover, the focus for these centrifuges is more on research than on practical applications. This study discusses the applicability of a small-sized centrifuge device in consolidation tests. The particular device developed for this study is a very small centrifuge compared to other examples around the world. The results revealed that employing this device in the tests reduced test duration to a couple of hours. Identical soil samples with a zero disturbance were prepared in the laboratory and used in the experiments. A new parameter, equivalent centrifuge load (Wce), was defined to correlate the results from the proposed approach with the conventional consolidation-test results. An empirical relationship was developed to transform the axial strain (ϵ)–equivalent centrifuge load (Wce) dataset obtained from the centrifuge tests to ϵ–effective stress (σ′) data pairs. The empirical relationship could predict the virgin compression line with a high level of accuracy while it predicts the preconsolidation stress (σ′p) with moderate accuracy. These relationships were applied to natural soil samples, and the findings are very promising.
Elevation of Hippocampal Neurogenesis Induces a Temporally Graded Pattern of Forgetting of Contextual Fear Memories
Authors: Gao Aijing , Xia Frances , Guskjolen Axel J. , Ramsaran Adam I. , Santoro Adam , Josselyn Sheena A. , Frankland Paul W.
Published: February 2018

Throughout life neurons are continuously generated in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. The subsequent integration of newly generated neurons alters patterns of dentate gyrus input and output connectivity, potentially rendering memories already stored in those circuits harder to access. Consistent with this prediction, we previously showed that increasing hippocampal neurogenesis after training induces forgetting of hippocampus-dependent memories, including contextual fear memory. However, the brain regions supporting contextual fear memories change with time, and this time-dependent memory reorganization might regulate the sensitivity of contextual fear memories to fluctuations in hippocampal neurogenesis. By virally expressing the inhibitory designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs, hM4Di, we first confirmed that chemogenetic inhibition of dorsal hippocampal neurons impairs retrieval of recent (day-old) but not remote (month-old) contextual fear memories in male mice. We then contrasted the effects of increasing hippocampal neurogenesis at recent versus remote time points after contextual fear conditioning in male and female mice. Increasing hippocampal neurogenesis immediately following training reduced conditioned freezing when mice were replaced in the context 1 month later. In contrast, when hippocampal neurogenesis was increased time points remote to training, conditioned freezing levels were unaltered when mice were subsequently tested. These temporally graded forgetting effects were observed using both environmental and genetic interventions to increase hippocampal neurogenesis. Our experiments identify memory age as a boundary condition for neurogenesis-mediated forgetting and suggest that, as contextual fear memories mature, they become less sensitive to changes in hippocampal neurogenesis levels because they no longer depend on the hippocampus for their expression.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNew neurons are generated in the hippocampus throughout life. As they integrate into the hippocampus, they remodel neural circuitry, potentially making information stored in those circuits harder to access. Consistent with this, increasing hippocampal neurogenesis after learning induces forgetting of the learnt information. The current study in mice asks whether these forgetting effects depend on the age of the memory. We found that post-training increases in hippocampal neurogenesis only impacted recently acquired, and not remotely acquired, hippocampal memories. These experiments identify memory age as a boundary condition for neurogenesis-mediated forgetting, and suggest remote memories are less sensitive to changes in hippocampal neurogenesis levels because they no longer depend critically on the hippocampus for their expression.
Role of biomarkers in predicting the occurrence of thyroid neoplasms in radiation-exposed children
Authors: Shulan Joseph M , Vydro Leonid , Schneider Arthur B , Mihailescu Dan V
Published: February 2018

With increasing numbers of childhood cancer survivors who were treated with radiation, there is a need to evaluate potential biomarkers that could signal an increased risk of developing thyroid cancer. We aimed to examine the relationships between thyrotropin and thyroglobulin levels and the risk of developing thyroid nodules and cancer in a cohort of radiation-exposed children. 764 subjects who were irradiated in the neck area as children were examined and followed for up to 25 years. All subjects underwent a clinical examination, measurements of thyrotropin, thyroglobulin levels and thyroid imaging. At baseline, 216 subjects had thyroid nodules and 548 did not. Of those with nodules, 176 underwent surgery with 55 confirmed thyroid cancers. During the follow-up, 147 subjects developed thyroid nodules including 22 with thyroid cancer. Thyroglobulin levels were higher in subjects with prevalent thyroid nodules (26.1 ng/mL vs 9.37 ng/mL; P < 0.001) and in those who had an initial normal examination but later developed thyroid nodules (11.2 ng/mL vs 8.87 ng/mL; P = 0.017). There was no relationship between baseline thyrotropin levels and the prevalent presence or absence of thyroid nodules, whether a prevalent neoplasm was benign or malignant, subsequent development of thyroid nodules during follow-up or whether an incident nodule was benign or malignant. In conclusion, in radiation-exposed children, higher thyroglobulin levels indicated an increased risk of developing thyroid nodules but did not differentiate between benign and malignant neoplasms. There was no association between the baseline TSH level and the risk of developing thyroid nodules or cancer.
Una mirada a la generación de la década de 1970 en Ecuador: Teoría del desencanto de Raúl Pérez Torres
Authors: Zuluaga Leonardo Monroy
Published: February 2018

Este artículo interpreta la novela Teoría del desencanto del escritor  ecuatoriano Raúl Pérez Torres. El propósito de este análisis es conocer, por medio de una lectura hermenéutica de raíz schlegeliana, algunos de los más importantes sentidos sugeridos por la novela, haciendo énfasis en la generación de la década de 1970 en Ecuador. Entre esos sentidos se encuentran: el cuestionamiento a la teoría usando algunas estrategias que confrontan la imparcialidad de la ciencia convencional. La imagen de Quito, una ciudad que ha sufrido cambios profundos y caóticos y se ha convertido en un lugar en el que es imposible hallar abrigo. La decepción frente a las promesas incumplidas del Marxismo y los frágiles proyectos de la contra cultura. En la última parte de este artículo, el análisis propone que Teoría del desencanto resuelve los conflictos de la generación de 1970 criticando y casi destruyendo todos los recuerdos de esa época turbulenta.
Apresentação
Authors: Kohlrausch Regina , Sellés Carmen Luna
Published: February 2018

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Cartografía sociopolítica de Venezuela: las novelas de Miguel Otero Silva
Authors: Suarez Carmen Becerra
Published: February 2018

El artículo examina la narrativa ficcional del venezolano Otero Silva. En sus novelas, exceptuando las dos últimas, el autor dibuja una especie de mapa sociopolítico de la historia contemporánea de Venezuela, utilizando como material narrativo tanto sucesos que ha vivido como aquellos otros de los que ha sido testigo indirecto. Se trata de una escritura comprometida, de carácter histórico, que traza en cada una de las novelas una etapa del desarrollo nacional y busca constantemente la renovación formal.
Relações alimentares de aves com capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) em parque urbano no Sudeste do Brasil
Authors: D’Angelo Giulia Bagarolli , Nagai Micael Eiji , Sazima Ivan
Published: February 2018

Feeding relationships of birds with mammals are diverse and range from using mammals as hunting perches to feeding on their carcasses. We studied the natural history of associations between birds and capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) at an urban recreational park and focused on three main questions: (1) How many and what are the bird species that associate with capybaras? (2) What resources used by the birds are provided by capybaras? (3) What are the behaviours of birds and capybaras during the different associations? Additionally, we summarised the associations of birds with capybaras recorded to date, which include commensal, mutualistic and semi parasitic relationships. We recorded 10 bird species (mostly non-passerines) associated with capybaras. The birds used the capybaras as: (a) hunting perches; (b) beaters that flushed arthropods and fish; (c) attractors of flies; (d) sources of organic particles, external parasites, blood, diseased tissue, and carcasses. Birds and capybaras interacted mostly when the former picked ticks, or fed on blood and diseased tissue. When the birds picked ticks, the capybaras adopted poses that allowed the birds to reach body parts otherwise inaccessible. However, when the birds pecked at wounds to take blood or diseased tissue, the mammals tried to discourage the birds with avoidance movements of the body or head, and sometimes retreated. When the birds used the capybaras as perches or attractors, the mammals seemed oblivious to the birds’ presence. Twenty-one bird species are presently reported to associate with capybaras. Thus, the numbers we found in the urban and restricted study site are remarkable, and our findings strengthens the importance of so-called green areas to harbour the remaining wildlife in our increasingly anthropised environment.
A new species of Xylocopa (Nanoxylocopa) from Brazil (Hymenoptera, Apidae)
Authors: Melo Gabriel Augusto Rodrigues de
Published: February 2018

Xylocopa bella sp. nov., the second known species of the subgenus Xylocopa (Nanoxylocopa) Hurd & Moure, is newly described from the Espinhaço mountain range, in the state of Minas Gerais, and the Chapada Diamantina, in the state of Bahia, in eastern Brazil. It differs from X. ciliata Burmeister, the type species of X. (Nanoxylocopa), mainly by the possession, by females, of pale hairs intermixed with the black pubescence on the head and metasoma, the more abundant pubescence on mesoscutum and the much denser tergal pilosity, and the possession, by the male, of weakly infumated wing membrane, entirely dark scape, a patch of finely plumose pubescence on the anterior corners of the mesoscutum, narrower face, and shorter distance between the lateral ocellus and the eye. Additionally, X. ciliata, previously known from Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and southern Brazil, is newly recorded from the state of Minas Gerais.
Effects of specimen preparation method on the volume change of clay under cyclic thermal loads
Authors: Ng C. W. W. , Mu Q. Y. , Zhou C.
Published: February 2018

Previous investigations of the volume change of soil with different fabric patterns have been mostly carried out at a constant temperature. To investigate the influence of the specimen preparation method on the volume change of saturated clay under cyclic thermal loads, reconstituted, intact and recompacted specimens were tested. Thermal axial strains of these specimens in a normally consolidated state were measured using a temperature-controlled invar oedometer apparatus. The soil fabric of each specimen was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP). All specimens showed continuous contraction as the number of thermal cycles increased, albeit at a decreasing rate. After five heating and cooling cycles with temperatures ranging from 15 to 70°C, the accumulated plastic axial strain of the reconstituted specimen was 38% and 68% larger than those of the intact and recompacted specimens, respectively. The SEM visualisations and MIP measurements demonstrate that these observed differences can likely be attributed to different distributions of clay particles in the soil specimens (with a 28% clay content). In the intact and recompacted specimens, most of the clay particles formed silt-size aggregates. In the reconstituted specimen, the clay particles filled the spaces between silt particles and the soil fabric was homogeneous overall.
Repercusión socioeconómica y jurídica del teletrabajo en Barranquilla 2014-2015
Authors: Gutierrez Mesino Claudia Patricia , Anaya Capone Rosana
Published: February 2018

La  civilización va transformándose a medida que la tecnología avanza y esta también crece en las diferentes modalidades de producción o trabajo. Así nace el teletrabajo,   ayudado también por los avances en las telecomunicaciones.   El objetivo principal de este trabajo es determinar la repercusión socioeconómica y jurídica del teletrabajo en Barranquilla durante el período 2014-2015. La metodología es descriptiva y el método cualitativo-cuantitativo, y se inscribe en el paradigma empírico/analítico. La población está conformada por los tele trabajadores y su contratación en los Call Centers y en los Café Internet.Como conclusión se establece que el teletrabajo,  es una forma de organización laboral, que consiste en el desempeño de actividades remuneradas o prestación de servicios a terceros utilizando como soporte las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación – TIC, pero que aún presenta varias falencias ya que requiere la implementación y el seguimiento a las estrategias de la modalidad, por parte del Estado las cuales deben garantizar la  protección social a los  tele trabajadores informales, capacitación a los adultos pre mayores,  que apunten hacia lograr mejor inserción laboral de estas personas en el sector de servicios y divulgar  los derechos y las condiciones de trabajo dignas en que deben laborar los vinculados a la modalidad del Teletrabajo.
Aspectos polémicos sobre el objeto material del delito de lavado de activos (delitos fuente)
Authors: Hernández Quintero Hernando A.
Published: February 2018

Con el propósito de atender los compromisos adquiridos en la Convención de Viena, los países incorporaron a sus estatutos penales el delito de lavado de activos, inicialmente como una forma de encubrimiento y luego como un punible autónomo. Esta técnica legislativa ha generado una serie de polémicas, especialmente relacionadas con los delitos fuente, es decir aquellos de los que provienen los bienes a los cuales se busca dar apariencia de legalidad. En este artículo se abordan esos cuestionamientos desde la óptica de la doctrina y la jurisprudencia.
Senzoricke hodnotenie jogurtov vyrobenych z kravského, ovčieho a kozieho mlieka
Authors: Paiakova J. , Burdova O. , Turek P. , Laciakova A.
Published: February 2018

In order to identify sensorial properties of yoghurts, we prepared experimentally yoghu rts from cow, sheep and goat milk at keeping common technological procedures. On the basis of reached results, yoghu rt made of sheep milk was evaluated as the one of the highest quality, followed by yoghurt made of cow milk with the one made of goat milk in the last place.
Outbreak of mirid bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) on hops
Authors: Šedivý J. , Řehák V.
Published: February 2018

Outbreaks of mirid-bugs on hop in Czech hop region recurred in 1875, I 928/29, 1947/48 and 1998/99. The spectrum and importance of specific harmful mirid species varied with the type of hop-garden. Calocoris fulvomaculatus was a dominant species in pole hop-gardens. Lygus rugulipennis was a dominant pest in trellises in 1998/99, when it locally damaged more than 50% of bines. Mirid-bugs migrate to hops at temperatures over l0°C, and stay there over the growing season. Bine tops are damaged by sucking, drying back later. Bines that grow from under the sites of injury are distorted and cease twining. This damage is caused before and after the training, up to 2.5 m of the bines height. An economic threshold is at I0% of damaged bine tops and more in the period after training. Years with warm, dry autumn, mild winter and warm, dry spring provide favourable conditions for outbreaks of the mirid-bugs and their spring activities.
Detection of polyol dehydrogenases activity in native polyacrylamide gels v1
Authors: Lobo-da-Cunha Alexandre , Costa Vítor
Published: February 2018

Polyol dehydrogenases are enzymes that convert polyalcohols into sugars, using NAD+ as hydrogen acceptor. Sorbitol, mannitol or other polyalcohols can be used as substrates and NADH is produced. In this assay, proteins are first separated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the gel is then incubated with the enzyme substrates. NADH produced by the dehydrogenase reduces tetranitro blue tetrazolium chloride (TNBT), generating a black product that stains the gel. This procedure gave good results with polyol dehydrogenases from the digestive gland of gastropods and, with the proper adaptations, can be applied to other dehydrogenases and other organisms.
Vacuole staining in Phaeodactylum tricornutum using RatioWorks™ PDMPO v1
Authors: Turnsek Jernej
Published: February 2018

Simple and rapid vacuole staining protocol. Note thatRatioWorksTM PDMPO and LysoSensorTM Yellow/Blue DND-160 are synonyms and can thus be used interchangeably. RatioWorksTMPDMPO was used inthis protocol.
Prevalence and factors influencing anaemia among urban adolescent females, a cross sectional study
Authors: Poyyamozhi J. S. , Rushender Rajan , Murali Mohan Reddy G.
Published: February 2018

Background: Despite many organized efforts by the government, adolescent anemia remains to be a major public health problem in India. The prevalence of anemia and factors influencing it in urban adolescent females is a relatively less studied aspect. Hence the current study is conducted with an objective of assessing the prevalence and factors influencing anemia among adolescent school girls living in an urban locality. Methods: The current study was a community-based cross sectional study conducted in the selected schools and colleges of Permabalur town, south India, in the field practice area of Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital between June to December 2017. Total 373 adolescent girls selected by multistage simple random sampling were included in the study. The hemoglobin was assessed by cyanmethemoglobin method. Results: The prevalence of anaemia among urban adolescent girls was 41.1% (95% CI 0.36-0.46). The proportion of mild and moderate anaemia was 37% and 4.10% respectively and none had severe anaemia. Compared to upper middle class, the odds of anemia were 14.16 times more in the lower class (95% CI 4.54-44.12, p<0.001). Compared to scanty/normal bleeding, the odds of anemia were 2.943 (95% CI 1.4-3.87 p<0.05) more in girls with heavy bleeding. Age, upper lower or lower middle socio-economic strata, religion, type of family and menstrual irregularity did not have any statistically significant association with anemia. Conclusions: Anemia is highly prevalent among adolescent girls and there is a need to intensify efforts all levels to reduce the prevalence of anemia.
Clinicopathological study of pediatric neck masses
Authors: Gangwar Navneeta , Vyas Pratibha , Gakkar Saurabh
Published: February 2018

Background: Pediatric neck masses are a reason for anxiety for both patients and doctor as there can be chances of malignancy. There are few established guidelines for evaluation. The etiology is varied so a thorough knowledge of clinical presentation is essential.

Methods: A clinicopathological analysis of 150 cases of neck masses in children upto 12 years of age attending the outpatient clinic between Jan 2015 to June 2016 were included.

Results: Maximum cases of reactive lymphadenopathy were found in our study 81 (20.7%), 23 (14.7%) thyroglossal cyst, 22 (14.7%) suppurative lymphadenopathy, mycobacterial lymphadenitis 20 (13.3%), dermoid cyst 17 (11.3%), branchial cyst 15 (10%), tubercular abscess 10 (6.7%), 3 cases (2%) each of Hodgkins lymphoma, lipoma, non-Hodgkins lymphoma were seen. FNAC was conclusive in 140 cases (93.4%).

Conclusions: Percentage wise inflammatory etiology was the commonest (55.4%) followed by congenital (38.6%) and last was neoplastic (6 %). An orderly and sequential approach is needed to manage pediatric masses.
REPERCUSIONES CLÍNICAS Y ECONÓMICAS DE LA DESNUTRICIÓN RELACIONADA CON LA ENFERMEDAD EN UN SERVICIO QUIRÚRGICO
Authors: Torres Torres Beatriz , Ballesteros Pomar María D. , García Calvo Susana , Castro Lozano Maria Ángeles , De la Fuente Salvador Beatriz , Izaola Jaúregui Olatz , López Gómez Juan José , Gómez Hoyos Emilia , Vaquero Puertas Carlos , De Luis Román Daniel A.
Published: February 2018

IntroducciónLa desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad(DRE) tiene una alta prevalencia e importantes repercusiones clínicas y económicas. Nuestro objetivo es valorar la factibilidad e importancia de establecer una estrategia de cribado nutricional en nuestro medio.Pacientes y métodosEstudio prospectivo realizado en una planta quirúrgica. Se realizó MUST al ingreso y semanalmente, hasta el alta hospitalaria, a todos los pacientes. Cuando fue necesario, se realizó valoración e intervención nutricional así como codificación al alta de los diagnósticos y procedimientos nutricionales. Datos de estancia hospitalaria(EH), costes hospitalarios y parámetros clínicos, fueron analizados posteriormente.ResultadosEn un 15,6% de pacientes, MUST detectó riesgo de desnutrición (≥2 puntos). Los pacientes con desnutrición al ingreso(DI) presentaron una EH 4 días superior y mayor tasa de mortalidad y de reingresos urgentes en 2,4 y 2,0 veces, respectivamente, un año después del alta hospitalaria. La edad y el ingreso urgente fueron los factores asociados a mayor tasa de mortalidad anual.Un 9% de los pacientes con MUST<2 inicial, sufrieron un deterioro del estado nutricional(DEN) durante el ingreso. Estos pacientes, tuvieron mayor EH(7 días), a igualdad de comorbilidad.Considerando los costes relacionados con la EH, en los pacientes con presentaron DI o DEN, se observó un sobrecoste del 57% y 145%, respectivamente.ConclusiónLos pacientes con DI presentaron mayor EH, tasa de mortalidad y de reingresos urgentes un año después del alta hospitalaria. Los pacientes con DI o DEN, ocasionan un sobrecoste económico. El cribaje nutricional, es indispensable para el manejo y detección precoz de la DRE.
Percepción y distorsión de la imagen corporal en bailarinas de España en función del curso académico
Authors: Kazarez Miguel , Vaquero-Cristóbal Raquel , Esparza-Ros Francisco
Published: February 2018

Introducción: La danza presenta un elevado riesgo para sus practicantes de sufrir trastornos de la imagen corporal desde la etapa de formación.Objetivo: Analizar la percepción y distorsión de la imagen corporal en bailarinas en edad de formación en función del curso académico.Metodología: Se evaluaron a doscientas noventa y ocho bailarinas que cursaban entre 1º y 6º de enseñanzas profesionales en el conservatorio de danza. Se les solicitó que completaran el “test de siluetas para adolescentes” para poder valorar su percepción de la figura femenina y masculina, así como su imagen percibida e ideal, y sus índices de distorsión, insatisfacción y real-ideal.Resultados: Las bailarinas fueron más severas al valorar las figuras masculinas que las femeninas, clasificando en la mayoría de los casos como normal la figura de su imagen percibida. Las bailarinas de los cursos inferiores, especialmente las de 1º, fueron quienes presentaron un mayor índice de distorsión y real-ideal, entendiendo que eran menos delgadas, pero considerando ideal estar más gruesas de cómo en realidad eran (p < 0,001). Respecto al índice de insatisfacción, en todos los cursos se detectó un deseo de querer estar más delgadas, si bien no hubo diferencias significativas. Diez bailarinas presentaron un riesgo elevado de poder desarrollar desórdenes alimenticios.Conclusiones: Las bailarinas de los cursos iniciales se ven más gruesas de cómo están, quieren ser más delgadas de cómo se ven, pero están más delgadas de cómo les gustaría ser. Esto podría favorecer la aparición de trastornos de insatisfacción corporal.
Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Lee Adam K. , Cooper Seth A. , Collinge Cory
Published: February 2018

* Bicondylar tibial plateau fractures represent a broad category of complex, high-energy injuries associated with a high surgical complication rate.

* Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging aid in diagnosis, classification, and surgical planning and should be considered during the initial evaluation or after provisional stabilization is performed as part of staged treatment.

* No one classification system has superior descriptive traits or reliability. Simply classifying the fracture as unicondylar (partial articular) or bicondylar (complete articular) is the most reliable approach.

* Malalignment, especially in the coronal plane, and instability predict poor outcomes and should direct surgical intervention. Articular displacement is less predictive.

* Dual plating is the most stable type of fixation biomechanically but is associated with soft-tissue complications.

* Single lateral locked plating is an alternative fixation type for bicondylar fractures without a large posteromedial coronal fracture line.

* Hybrid external fixators are another means of fixation that avoid large exposures and associated soft-tissue disruption.

* No one fixation strategy is superior in all cases. Patient and injury characteristics should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to optimally direct the treatment of these complex injuries.
Graphene oxide/Al2O3 membrane with efficient salt rejection for water purification
Authors: Hu Xuebing , Yu Yun , Lin Na , Ren Shuang , Zhang Xiaozhen , Wang Yongqing , Zhou Jianer
Published: February 2018

To obtain efficient salt rejection in saline solution treatment, an asymmetric graphene oxide/Al2O3 membrane was prepared by a spin-coating process. According to microstructure measurement, the membrane has a multilayer structure and graphene oxide has been tightly coated on the surface of the Al2O3 membrane interlayer homogeneously. During the treatment of different aqueous salt solutions, the permeation flux and salt rejection of the membrane were investigated. The results show the permeation flux of the membrane is about 1.254 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1 and the salt rejection of the membrane reaches 28.66%, 39.24% and 43.52% for 0.01 mol·L−1 NaCl, Cu(NO3)2 and MgSO4, respectively. The mechanism of the salt rejection of the membrane has been explained in this work. All these results indicate the GO/Al2O3 membrane shows great potential in the desalination field.
Performance of a pervaporation system for the separation of an ethanol-water mixture using fractional condensation
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Jiding , Chen Quan , Li Xiaoduan
Published: February 2018

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite membranes were fabricated and subsequently applied in ethanol recovery from an ethanol-water mixture by pervaporation (PV) using fractional condensation. The effects of feed temperature and feed flow velocity on the pervaporative properties of PDMS/PVDF composite membranes were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that PDMS was coated uniformly on the surface of porous PVDF substrate, and the PDMS separation layer was dense with a thickness of 1.7 µm. Additionally, it was found that with increasing feed temperature, the total flux of the composite membrane increased, whereas the separation factor decreased. As the feed flow velocity increased, the total flux and separation factor increased. Besides, the permeate vapor was condensed by a two-stage fractional condenser maintained at different temperatures. The effects of the condensation conditions on fractions of ethanol-water vapor were studied to concentrate ethanol in product. The fractional condensers proved to be an effective way to enhance the separation efficiency. Under the optimum fractional condensation conditions, the second condenser showed a flux of 1,329 g/m2 h and the separation factor was increased to 17.2. Furthermore, the long-term operation stability was verified, indicating that the PV system incorporating fractional condensation was a promising approach to separate ethanol from the ethanol-water mixture.
OS "CIDADADÃOS PRODUTIVOS" DESAFIADOS PELA INCIVILIDADE
Authors: Revel Dominique
Published: February 2018

As políticas públicas visando a Educação Profissional permanente dos "cidadãos produtivos" como forma de lutar contra o desemprego, de aumentar as fontes e o nível de renda, e de promover a cidadania vem questionar a construção de um contrato social apoiado no desmantelamento da sociedade salarial em benefício do desenvolvimento-do trabalho informal. Trata-se, com efeito, de avaliar os termos do contrato social, no qual o trabalhador brasileiro sofre mais pela incivilidade do desprezo cotidiano nas relações de trabalho do que pela falta de qualificação profissional que pressupostamente causaria sua exclusão.
ENTRE O DISCURSO DA RAÇA E O DE POPULACÃO: Simonsen e o operário feliz e organizado
Authors: Maza Fabio
Published: February 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender o deslocamento, no interior da obra de Roberto Simonsen, do conceito de raça para o de população como fator econômico. Trataremos de observar como Simonsen pensava a escravidão e o papel econômico a que reduzia o escravo. Por fim, a construção de um operariado despolitizado e organizado pelos métodos da ciência, consubstanciando a transmutação da população em trabalhador coletivo disciplinado.
Representações discursivas e visões de natureza
Authors: Silva Rosemeri Melo e
Published: February 2018

O argumento fundamental desse trabalho reside na importancia assumida pelo desvendamento das visoes de natureza presentes nos discursos ambientalistas circulantes no Brasil, buscando traçar as distincões entre tais vi­sões e os modelos de apropriacão das mesmas no seio do movimen­to ambientalista no Brasil, na perspectiva do aprofundamento sustentabilida. Assim, pretende-se evidenciar o caráter, por vezes antagônico, adotado por segmentos do movi­mento ambientalista no emprego dessas representacões discursivas bem como algumas repercussões dessas posturas no tocante à redefinição das contribuições e do alcance efetivo da sustentabilidade no âmbito constitutivo da Teo­ria e Meio Ambiente em nosso pais.
A cidade e seus modos de vida: reflexões acerca da (sobre)vivência da individualidade e da sociabilidade no contexto citadino
Authors: Passos Gleise da Rocha
Published: February 2018

Este artigo trata-se de uma reflexão acerca da vivência (ou sobrevivência) da individualidade no locus heterogêneo que é a cidade global. Ressaltando questões como vida pública e vida privada, indi­vidualidade e sociabilidade, e algu­mas consequências da globalizacção e suas interferências no contexto citadino, tenta-se compreender como as interações sociais têm se configurado atualmente nesse ambiente onde a subjetividade e o reconhecimento como ser social podem estar comprometidos. Visa-­se ainda destacar algumas formas de manifestação da individualida de frente a diferenciação marcante da cidade moderna
O século XIX e a modernidade: possíveis implicações na paisagem urbana
Authors: Souza Fábio Silva
Published: February 2018

Este artigo analisa como a mudanca paradigmatica ocorrida ao longo do século XIX parece ter afetado a paisagem edificada e os padrões de assentamento das cida­des brasileiras. Nesse período pai­rava o discurso rumo a modernidade. Esta nova mentali­dade, laica, que veio romper a re­lação Estado-Igreja, parece ter sido responsável pelo desmantelamento da estrutura colonial, originando uma nova configuração espacial, com cidades litorâneas, voltadas para Europa, edificadas sobre o forte pretexto de abertura dos por­tos.
Sertão, método? Euclides da Cunha e a Cultura brasileira
Authors: Souza Ricardo de Luiz
Published: February 2018

O texto faz uma análise da obra de Euclides da Cunha a partir alguns parâmetros analítico como Euclides pensou e definiu sertão e o sertanejo, como ele pensou Canudos a partir de seu conhecimento teórico e metodológico, e como ele repensou tal aparato conceitual a partir do contato coma realidade brasileira. O texto enfoca, finalmente, o Euclides republicano, seus anseios e decepções,e tenta posicioná-lo no contexto cultural de seu tempo, bem como situá-lo na história da cultura brasileira