bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Conversion of Cyclohexane to Adipic Acid Using a µ4‐Oxido‐Copper Cluster as Catalyst Together with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Gawlig Christopher , Schindler Siegfried , Becker Sabine
Published: January 2020

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Sabine Becker, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, and Siegfried Schindler, Justus‐Liebig‐Universität Gießen, Germany. The cover image shows the one‐pot oxygenation of cyclohexane to yield adipic and glutaric acid under mild conditions with a µ4‐oxido copper cluster and H2O2 as catalyst and oxidant, respectively.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Indolizines Using TBHP as the Methylene Source Under Metal‐Free Condition
Authors: Zhang Qianwei , Ablajan Keyume , Wang Bin , Ma Huifang , Guo Zhongqi
Published: January 2020

An I2/tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)‐mediated [2+1+1+1] cycloadditions/oxidative aromatization reactions for the synthesis of indolizines using the one‐pot cascade process have been developed. A variety of aryl methyl ketones react with pyridine/isoquinoline and TBHP in the transition‐metal‐free reaction. This method utilizes readily available starting materials and TBHP acted in this reaction not only as oxidant and radical initiator but also as a methylene source, therefore providing a novel method of atom economy for the synthesis of indolizines.
Sensor‐based activity recognition independent of device placement and orientation
Authors: Shi Junhao , Zuo Decheng , Zhang Zhan , Luo Danyan
Published: January 2020

Human activity recognition (HAR) is a prominent subfield of pervasive computing and also provides context of many applications such as healthcare, education, and entertainment. Most wearable HAR studies assume that sensing device placement and orientation are fixed and never change. However, this condition is actually not always guaranteed in the real scenario and recognition result is influenced by the distortion as consequence. To handle this, our work proposes a new model based on convolutional neural network to extract robust features which are invariant of device placement and orientation, to train machine learning classifiers. We first carry out experiments to show negative effects of this problem. Then, we apply the convolutional neural network–based hybrid structure on the HAR. Results show that our method provides 15% to 40% accuracy promotion on public data set and 10% to 20% promotion on our own data set, both with distortion.
An improved depth‐averaged nonhydrostatic shallow water model with quadratic pressure approximation
Authors: Wang Weizhi , Martin Tobias , Kamath Arun , Bihs Hans
Published: January 2020

Phase‐resolved information is necessary for many coastal wave problems, for example, for the wave conditions in the vicinity of harbor structures. Two‐dimensional (2D) depth‐averaging shallow water models are commonly used to obtain a phase‐resolved solution near the coast. These models are in general more computationally effective compared with computational fluid dynamics software and will be even more capable if equipped with a parallelized code. In the current article, a 2D wave model solving the depth‐averaged continuity equation and the Euler equations is implemented in the open‐source hydrodynamic code REEF3D. The model is based on a nonhydrostatic extension and a quadratic vertical pressure profile assumption, which provides a better approximation of the frequency dispersion. It is the first model of its kind to employ high‐order discretization schemes and to be fully parallelized following the domain decomposition strategy. Wave generation and absorption are achieved with a relaxation method. The simulations of nonlinear long wave propagations and transformations over nonconstant bathymetries are presented. The results are compared with benchmark wave propagation cases. A large‐scale wave propagation simulation over realistic irregular topography is shown to demonstrate the model's capability of solving operational large‐scale problems.
Role of phospholipase C in banana in response to anthracnose infection
Authors: Shuai Liang , Li Li , Sun Jian , Liao Lingyan , Duan Zhenhua , Li Changbao , He Xuemei
Published: January 2020

Phospholipase C (PLC) plays an important role in plant immunity, and anthracnose caused by the Colletotrichum species is a common postharvest disease of the banana fruit. This study aims to evaluate the role of PLC in anthrax resistance in banana. The experimental group of banana samples was treated with a banana anthracnose conidia suspension, and the control group was treated with distilled water. After inoculation, the groups were sprayed with ethephon, and indicators, such as hardness and conductivity changes; PLC activity, 1,2‐diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA)content; and MaPLC‐1and MaPLC‐2 expression levels, were assessed at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days. Moreover, the expression levels of MaPLC‐1 and MaPLC‐2 were detected in various tissues. The hardness of banana fruits in the experimental group decreased faster than that in the control group. Furthermore, the conductivity was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Regarding PLC activity, DAG, and PA content, bananas in the experimental group showed higher activities than those in the control group. Moreover, relatively higher expression of PLC mRNA was detected in anthracnose‐inoculated tissues. The evaluation of MaPLC‐1 and MaPLC‐2 expression levels showed that the mature peel had the highest MaPLC‐1 expression level. However, the MaPLC‐2 gene was expressed at relatively low levels in the fruit and at relatively high levels in the flower organs. PLC might play a role in fruit ripening in response to anthracnose resistance.
The effect of physical education on children's body weight and human capital: New evidence from the ECLS‐K:2011
Authors: Bednar Steven , Rouse Kathryn
Published: January 2020

This study provides evidence on the impact of physical education on child body weight, cognitive, and noncognitive achievement using data from the Early Child Longitudinal Survey Kindergarten Class of 2010‐2011 (ECLS‐K: 2011). Students in the 2011 cohort were exposed to increased accountability pressures by No Child Left Behind, yet average weekly physical education time has not decreased from that reported in studies using the original ECLS‐K class of 1998‐1999. We instrument for teacher‐reported weekly PE time using state physical education laws and exploit the panel design of the data to estimate individual fixed effects models to address concerns of endogeneity. We find time spent in physical education has essentially no effect on child body weight or human capital outcomes of U.S. elementary school children.
A magnetic vortex generator for simultaneous heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop reduction in a mini channel
Authors: Bezaatpour Mojtaba , Goharkhah Mohammad
Published: January 2020

An active vortex generator is proposed for heat transfer enhancement in heat sinks and heat exchangers and removal of highly concentrated heat fluxes. It is based on applying a uniform magnetic field of permanent magnets to a magnetic fluid (ferrofluid) flowing in a heated channel. Numerical simulations are carried out for a 2 Vol% ferrofluid at different Reynolds numbers (150‐210) and magnetic field intensities (0‐1400 G) to investigate the possibility of simultaneous heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop reduction by the proposed method. Comparisons are also made with the other conventional vortex generators. Results indicate that the external magnetic field acts as a vortex generator that changes the velocity distribution, improves the flow mixing, and thereby increases the convective heat transfer. Surprisingly, the heat transfer enhancement is accompanied by a decrease of the friction coefficient due to the flow separation and decrease of the flow contact with the surface. It is also concluded that increasing the magnetic field intensity, decreasing the flow rate, and adding a second identical magnetic vortex generator have favorable effects on both pressure drop and heat transfer. A maximum of 37.8% enhancement of heat transfer with a 29.18% reduction of pressure drop has been achieved at the optimum condition.
Characterizing hydrological processes within kettle holes using stable water isotopes in the Uckermark of northern Brandenburg, Germany
Authors: Vyse Stuart Andrew , Taie Semiromi Majid , Lischeid Gunnar , Merz Christoph
Published: January 2020

Understanding the hydrologic connectivity between kettle holes and shallow groundwater, particularly in reaction to the highly variable local meteorological conditions, is of paramount importance for tracing water in a hydro(geo)logically complex landscape and thus for integrated water resource management. This article is aimed at identifying the dominant hydrological processes affecting the kettle holes' water balance and their interactions with the shallow groundwater domain in the Uckermark region, located in the north‐east of Germany. For this reason, based on the stable isotopes of oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H), an isotopic mass balance model was employed to compute the evaporative loss of water from the kettle holes from February to August 2017. Results demonstrated that shallow groundwater inflow may play the pivotal role in the processes taking part in the hydrology of the kettle holes in the Uckermark region. Based on the calculated evaporation/inflow (E/I) ratios, most of the kettle holes (86.7%) were ascertained to have a partially open, flow‐through‐dominated system. Moreover, we identified an inverse correlation between E/I ratios and the altitudes of the kettle holes. The same holds for electrical conductivity (EC) and the altitudes of the kettle holes. In accordance with the findings obtained from this study, a conceptual model explaining the interaction between the shallow groundwater and the kettle holes of Uckermark was developed. The model exhibited that across the highest altitudes, the recharge kettle holes are dominant, where a lower ratio of E/I and a lower EC was detected. By contrast, the lowest topographical depressions represent the discharge kettle holes, where a higher ratio of E/I and EC could be identified. The kettle holes existing in between were categorized as flow‐through kettle holes through which the recharge takes place from one side and discharge from the other side.
Primary HPV testing with cytology versus cytology alone in cervical screening—A prospective randomized controlled trial with two rounds of screening in a Chinese population
Authors: Chan Karen K.L. , Liu Stephanie S. , Wei Na , Ngu Siew F. , Chu Mandy M.Y. , Tse Ka Y. , Lau Lesley S.K. , Cheung Annie N.Y. , Ngan Hextan Y.S.
Published: January 2020

We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial with two screening rounds to evaluate the effectiveness of combining HPV testing with liquid‐based cytology (LBC) as a co‐test, compared to LBC only in cervical cancer screening of a Chinese population. First, 15,955 women aged 30–60 were randomized at a 1:1 ratio into an intervention group (Digene Hybrid Capture 2 HPV test with LBC) and a control group (LBC alone). Women in the intervention group would be referred for colposcopy and biopsy immediately if they were found to have high‐risk HPV regardless of cytology results. The detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or above (CIN2+) lesions was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control (0.95% vs. 0.38%, OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.65–3.88). At the subsequent round of screening approximately 36 months later, CIN2+ detection was significantly lower in the intervention group (0.08% vs. 0.35%, OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08–0.57). Over the two rounds of screening, the total detection of CIN2+ was higher in the intervention group (1.01% vs. 0.66%, OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.09–2.19). There was a fourfold increase (10.6% vs. 2.4%, p < 0.001) in the number of colposcopies performed in the intervention arm. Adding a high‐risk HPV test to cytology for primary cervical screening led to earlier detection of clinically significant preinvasive lesions, resulting in a reduced detection of CIN2+ lesions in subsequent rounds and an increased rate of colposcopy.
Streamside mobile mesocosms (MOBICOS): A new modular research infrastructure for hydro‐ecological process studies across catchment‐scale gradients
Authors: Fink Patrick , Norf Helge , Anlanger Christine , Brauns Mario , Kamjunke Norbert , Risse‐Buhl Ute , Schmitt‐Jansen Mechthild , Weitere Markus , Borchardt Dietrich
Published: January 2020

A key research aim for lotic ecosystems is the identification of natural and anthropogenic pressures that impact ecosystem status and functions. As a consequence of these perturbations, many lotic ecosystems are exposed to complex combinations of nonchemical and chemical stressors. These stressors comprise temperature fluctuations, flow alterations, elevated solute loads or xenobiotics, and all these factors can pose stress upon aquatic ecosystems on different temporal, spatial and biological scales. Factorial experiments are essential to reveal causal relationships especially between combined stressors and their effects in the environment. However, experimental tools that account for the complexity of running waters across different ecosystem compartments, levels of biological organisation, natural or anthropogenic environmental gradients, and replicability are rare. Here we present a new research infrastructure consisting of streamside mobile mesocosms (MOBICOS) that allows analysing the effects of stressors and stressor combinations through multifactorial experiments in near‐natural settings and across anthropogenic pressure gradients. Consisting of eight container‐based running water laboratories operated as bypasses to running surface waters, MOBICOS combines in situ real‐time monitoring of physicochemical and biological parameters with manipulative experiments across ranges of environmental conditions. Different flume types can be set up within MOBICOS to separate and combine different ecosystem compartments (pelagic, epibenthic and hyporheic zones) in a flexible and modular way. Due to its compact design, the MOBICOS units can be shifted easily to particular sites of interest. Furthermore, simultaneous operation of multiple MOBICOS units at different sites allows the integration of natural gradients in multifactorial experiments. We highlight the versatility of the MOBICOS experimental infrastructure with two case studies addressing (a) hydraulic control of lotic biofilms and (b) pollution‐induced community tolerance of biofilms along an environmental gradient. The modular and mobile MOBICOS units have the potential to significantly advance our understanding of causal relationships between natural environmental oscillations, anthropogenic stressors and their combined ecological impacts on lotic aquatic ecosystems beyond existing stream mesocosm approaches.
Effects of Supplemental Vitamin D on Bone Health Outcomes in Women and Men in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL)
Authors: LeBoff Meryl S , Chou Sharon H , Murata Elle M , Donlon Catherine M , Cook Nancy R , Mora Samia , Lee I-Min , Kotler Gregory , Bubes Vadim , Buring Julie E , Manson JoAnn E
Published: January 2020

Although supplemental vitamin D is used to promote bone health in the general population, data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been inconsistent. We determined whether daily, vitamin D3 supplementation improves bone mineral density (BMD) and/or structure. VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT of supplemental vitamin D3 (2000 IU/d) and/or omega-3 fatty acids (1 g/d) in 25,871 adults nationwide. This ancillary study included a subcohort of 771 participants (men ≥50 and women ≥55 years; not taking bone active medications) evaluated at baseline and at 2-year follow-up (89% retention). Total 25(OH)D levels were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (Quest Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA). Free 25(OH)D (FVD) levels were measured using the ELISA assay by Future Diagnostics Solutions BV (Wijchen, Netherlands). Primary endpoints were 2-year changes in areal (a) BMD at the spine, hip, and whole body determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary endpoints were 2-year changes in volumetric (v) BMD and cortical thickness at the radius and tibia assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Supplemental vitamin D3 versus placebo had no effect on 2-year changes in aBMD at the spine (0.33% versus 0.17%; p = 0.55), femoral neck (−0.27% versus −0.68%; p = 0.16), total hip (−0.76% versus −0.95%; p = 0.23), or whole body (−0.22% versus −0.15%; p = 0.60), or on measures of bone structure. Effects did not vary by sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, or 25(OH)D levels. Among participants with baseline FVD levels below the median (<14.2 pmol/L), there was a slight increase in spine aBMD (0.75% versus 0%; p = 0.043) and attenuation in loss of total hip aBMD (−0.42% versus −0.98%; p = 0.044) with vitamin D3. Whether baseline FVD levels help to identify those more likely to benefit from supplementation warrants further study. Supplemental vitamin D3 versus placebo for 2 years in general healthy adults not selected for vitamin D insufficiency did not improve BMD or structure. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
ZEB1 induced‐upregulation of long noncoding RNA ZEB1‐AS1 facilitates the progression of triple negative breast cancer by binding with ELAVL1 to maintain the stability of ZEB1 mRNA
Authors: Luo Na , Zhang Kejing , Li Xin , Hu Yu
Published: January 2020

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the malignant type of breast cancer. Previous study indicated that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) ZEB1‐AS1 was associated with the progression of several cancers. However, its underlying molecular mechanism in TNBC remains to be elucidated. In this study, ZEB1‐AS1 expression was boosted in TNBC tissues and cell lines according to reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Inhibition of ZEB1‐AS1 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis in TNBC. Moreover, ZEB1‐AS1 positively regulated ZEB1 expression. RT‐qPCR disclosed ZEB1 expression was elevated in TNBC tissues and ZEB1 silence blocked TNBC progression. RNA pull‐down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays revealed ZEB1‐AS1 and ZEB1 both could bind with ELAVL1. ZEB1‐AS1 maintained ZEB1 messenger RNA (mRNA) stability by binding with ELAVL1. In addition chromatin, immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that ZEB1 could bind with ZEB1‐AS1 promoter and promoted ZEB1‐AS1 expression. Rescue assays manifested ZEB1 overexpression could abolish the inhibitory effect caused by ZEB1‐AS1 inhibition on TNBC progression. To sum up, ZEB1 induced‐upregulation of ZEB1‐AS1 maintained the stability of ZEB1 mRNA by binding with ELAVL1, which formed a feedback loop to facilitate TNBC progression. These findings might provide a new target for TNBC treatment.
Identification of tRNA‐derived small RNA (tsRNA) responsive to the tumor suppressor, RUNX1, in breast cancer
Authors: Farina Nicholas H. , Scalia Stephanie , Adams Caroline E. , Hong Deli , Fritz Andrew J. , Messier Terri L. , Balatti Veronica , Veneziano Dario , Lian Jane B. , Croce Carlo M. , Stein Gary S. , Stein Janet L.
Published: January 2020

Despite recent advances in targeted therapies, the molecular mechanisms driving breast cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis are minimally understood. Growing evidence indicate that transfer RNA (tRNA)‐derived small RNAs (tsRNA) contribute to biological control and aberrations associated with cancer development and progression. The runt‐related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) transcription factor is a tumor suppressor in the mammary epithelium whereas RUNX1 downregulation is functionally associated with breast cancer initiation and progression. We identified four tsRNA (ts‐19, ts‐29, ts‐46, and ts‐112) that are selectively responsive to expression of the RUNX1 tumor suppressor. Our finding that ts‐112 and RUNX1 anticorrelate in normal‐like mammary epithelial and breast cancer lines is consistent with tumor‐related activity of ts‐112 and tumor suppressor activity of RUNX1. Inhibition of ts‐112 in MCF10CA1a aggressive breast cancer cells significantly reduced proliferation. Ectopic expression of a ts‐112 mimic in normal‐like mammary epithelial MCF10A cells significantly increased proliferation. These findings support an oncogenic potential for ts‐112. Moreover, RUNX1 may repress ts‐112 to prevent overactive proliferation in breast epithelial cells to augment its established roles in maintaining the mammary epithelium.
Paediatric reference values for total psoas muscle area
Authors: Lurz Eberhard , Patel Hiten , Lebovic Gerald , Quammie Claudia , Woolfson Jessica P. , Perez Manuela , Ricciuto Amanda , Wales Paul W. , Kamath Binita M. , Chavhan Govind B. , Jüni Peter , Ng Vicky L.
Published: January 2020

Background

Sarcopenia, the unintentional loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poor outcomes in adult patient populations. In adults, sarcopenia is often ascertained by cross‐sectional imaging of the psoas muscle area (PMA). Although children with chronic medical illnesses may be at increased risk for muscle loss because of nutritional deficiencies, physical deconditioning, endocrine anomalies, and systemic inflammation, consistent quantitative definitions for sarcopenia in children are lacking. We aimed to generate paediatric reference values for PMA at two intervertebral lumbar levels, L3–4 and L4–5.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we analysed abdominal computed tomography scans of consecutive children presenting to the emergency department. Participants were children 1–16 years who required abdominal cross‐sectional imaging after paediatric trauma between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015 in a large Canadian quaternary care centre. Children with a documented chronic medical illness or an acute spinal trauma at presentation were excluded. Total PMA (tPMA) at levels L3–4 and L4–5 were measured in square millimetres (mm2) as the sum of left and right PMA. Age‐specific and sex‐specific tPMA percentile curves were modelled using quantile regression.

Results

Computed tomography images from 779 children were included. Values of tPMA at L4–5 were significantly larger than at L3–4 at all ages, but their correlation was high for both girls (r = 0.95) and boys (r = 0.98). Amongst girls, tPMA 50th percentile values ranged from 365 to 2336 mm2 at L3–4 and from 447 to 2704 mm2 for L4–5. Amongst boys, 50th percentile values for tPMA ranged between 394 and 3050 mm2 at L3–4 and from 498 to 3513 mm2 at L4–5. Intraclass correlation coefficients were excellent at L3–4 (0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.981) and L4–5 (0.99, 95% CI 0.986 to 0.995). Weight and tPMA were correlated, stratified by sex for boys (L3–4 r = 0.90; L4–5 r = 0.90) and for girls (L3–4 r = 0.87; L4–5 r = 0.87). An online application was subsequently developed to easily calculate age‐specific and sex‐specific z‐scores and percentiles.

Conclusions

We provide novel paediatric age‐specific and sex‐specific growth curves for tPMA at intervertebral L3–4 and L4–5 levels for children between the ages of 1‐16 years. Together with an online tool (https://ahrc‐apps.shinyapps.io/sarcopenia/), these tPMA curves should serve as a reference enabling earlier identification and targeted intervention of sarcopenia in children with chronic medical conditions.
Synthesis of 5‐amino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles containing dithiocarbamate groups
Authors: Khoshdoun Maryam , Taheri Salman , Daneshgar Parandis , Jamshidi Hamid R. , Ziyaei Halimehjani Azim
Published: January 2020

Synthesis of alkyl ((5‐[alkylamino]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)methyl)carbamodithioates via the reaction of glycine‐based dithiocarbamates with thiosemicarbazides in the presence of POCl3 in ethanol is disclosed. The main advantages of this method including the use of ethanol as solvent, no need to column chromatography for purification and high to excellent yields of products are noteworthy.
A humanized mouse model to study mast cells mediated cutaneous adverse drug reactions
Authors: Mencarelli Andrea , Gunawan Merry , Yong Kylie Su Mei , Bist Pradeep , Tan Wilson Wei Sheng , Tan Sue Yee , Liu Min , Huang Edwin Kunxiang , Fan Yong , Chan Jerry Kok Yen , Choi Hae Woong , Abraham Soman N. , Chen Qingfeng
Published: January 2020

Recently a G-protein-coupled receptor, MAS Related GPR Family Member X2 (MRGPRX2), was identified as a specific receptor on human mast cells responsible for IgE independent adverse drug reactions (ADR). Although a murine homologue, Mrgprb2, has been identified for this receptor, its affinity for many ADR-causing drugs is poor making it difficult to undertake in vivo studies to examine mechanisms of ADR and to develop therapeutic strategies. Here, we have created humanized mice capable of generating MRGPRX2-expressing human MCs allowing for the study of MRGPRX2 MCs-mediated ADR in vitro as well as in vivo. Humanized mice were generated by hydrodynamic-injection of plasmids expressing human GM-CSF and IL-3 into NOD-scid IL2R-γ−/− strain of mice that had been transplanted with human hematopoietic stem cells. These GM/IL-3 humice expressed high numbers of tissue human MCs but the MRGPRX2 receptor expressed in MCs were limited to few body sites including the skin. Importantly, large numbers of MRGPRX2-expressing human MCs could be cultured from the bone marrow of GM/IL-3 humice revealing these mice to be an important source of human MCs for in vitro studies of MRGPRX2-related MCs activities. When GM/IL-3 humice were exposed to known ADR causing contrast agents (meglumine and gadobutrol), the humice were found to experience anaphylaxis analogous to the clinical situation. Thus, GM/IL-3 humice represent a valuable model for investigating in vivo interactions of ADR-causing drugs and human MCs and their sequelae, and these mice are also a source of human MRGPRX2-expressing MCs for in vitro studies.
Evaluation of Epidemiologic Factors, Radiographic Features, and Pathologic Findings for Predicting Peritumoral Brain Edema in Meningiomas
Authors: Sapkota Mani R. , Yang Zonghe , Zhu Dan , Zhang Yan , Yuan Tengfei , Gao Junfeng , Si Tongguo , Wang Junping
Published: January 2020

Background

Despite several treatment options that are available for meningiomas, surgery is the only method currently practiced. Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) in meningiomas causes difficulty marginalizing the dissection in an intraoperative setting.

Purpose

To evaluate whether the epidemiological variables, imaging characteristics, and pathologic parameters are correlated with the presence of PTBE in meningiomas.

Study Type

Retrospective study from 2015 to 2018.

Subjects

In all, 550 patients with histopathologically confirmed meningioma were included. After exclusion of patients with extradural, spinal, and intraventricular meningiomas and those with image artifacts, a total of 441 patients were included in the final analysis.

Field Strength/Sequence

Images were performed with 3T MR scanners and axial/sagittal T1WI, axial/coronal T2WI and axial/sagittal/coronal contrast‐enhanced T1WI after administration of 0.1 mmol/kg of body weight of Gd‐DTPA.

Assessment

Fourteen variables were patients' age, sex, skull changes, calcification, density, location, margin, volume, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cleft, signal intensity (SI) on T2WI, degree and pattern of contrast enhancement, WHO histological classification, and Ki‐67 labeling index.

Statistical Tests

The relationship between each factor and the formation of PTBE was examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

After multivariate logistic regression, the absence of CSF cleft (odds ratio [OR]: 63.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.24–121.42, P = 1.2 × 10−8), non‐skull base location (OR: 15.32, 95% CI: 5.81–28.23, P = 0.0008), high SI on T2WI (OR: 5.05, 95% CI: 2.27–14.88, P = 0.01), and G I uncommon subtypes (OR: 4.75, 95% CI: 1.42–15.94, P = 0.01) were found to be significant independent factors associated with the occurrence of PTBE in meningiomas. In patients with PTBE‐positive meningiomas, there was no significant correlation between the volume of PTBE and the volume of the tumor (r = 0.17, P = 0.60).

Data Conclusion

These factors may be suggestive of anticipating the formation of PTBE.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy Stage: 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:174–182.
Platelet‐rich plasma lysate displays antibiofilm properties and restores antimicrobial activity against synovial fluid biofilms in vitro
Authors: Gilbertie Jessica M. , Schaer Thomas P. , Schubert Alicia G. , Jacob Megan E. , Menegatti Stefano , Ashton Lavoie R. , Schnabel Lauren V.
Published: January 2020

Infectious arthritis is difficult to treat in both human and veterinary clinical practice. Recent literature reports Staphylococcus aureus as well as other gram‐positive and gram‐negative isolates forming free‐floating biofilms in both human and equine synovial fluid that are tolerant to traditional antimicrobial therapy. Using an in vitro equine model, we investigated the ability of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) formulations to combat synovial fluid biofilm aggregates. Synovial fluid was infected, and biofilm aggregates allowed to form over a 2‐hour period. PRP was collected and processed into different formulations by platelet concentration, leukocyte presence, and activation or lysis. Infected synovial fluid was treated with different PRP formulations with or without aminoglycoside cotreatment. Bacterial load (colony‐forming unit/mL) was determined by serial dilutions and plate counting at 8 hours posttreatment. All PRP formulations displayed antimicrobial properties; however, formulations containing higher concentrations of platelets without leukocytes had increased antimicrobial activity. Lysis of PRP and pooling of the PRP lysate (PRP‐L) from multiple horses as compared to individual horses further increased antimicrobial activity. This activity was lost with the removal of the plasma component or inhibition of the proteolytic activity within the plasma. Fractionation of pooled PRP‐L identified the bioactive components to be cationic and low‐molecular weight (<10 kDa). Overall, PRP‐L exhibited synergism with amikacin against aminoglycoside tolerant biofilm aggregates with greater activity against gram‐positive bacteria. In conclusion, the use of PRP‐L has the potential to augment current antimicrobial treatment regimens which could lead to a decrease in morbidity and mortality associated with infectious arthritis.
Risk factors for delirium after esophagectomy
Authors: Dezube Aaron R. , Bravo‐Iñiguez Carlos E. , Yelamanchili Nitya , De León Luis E. , Tarascio Jeffrey , Jaklitsch Michael T. , Wee Jon O.
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Postoperative delirium is a common complication after major surgical procedures and affects outcomes and long‐term survival. We identified factors associated with postoperative delirium in patients undergoing esophagectomy.

Methods

Retrospective cohort analysis of 378 patients undergoing esophagectomy. We examined the association between postoperative delirium (DSM‐V) criteria with respect to baseline variables and postoperative complications.

Results

Postoperative delirium was diagnosed in 64 (16.93%) patients and associated with increasing age (P < .05), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P = .07), pneumonia (P = .01), transfusion intraoperatively or within 72 hours of surgery (P < .001), and sepsis (P = .001). Unplanned intubation and increased length of stay (median, 14 days) were significant in patients with delirium (P = .001 and P < .001, respectively). In a secondary analysis, surgical technique and operative approach were associated with delirium. Modified McKeown (three‐hole) esophagectomy was twice more likely to develop delirium compared with Ivor Lewis (odds ratio [OR], 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03‐4.23). The strongest association was found between delirium and open techniques (thoracotomy and laparotomy) as compared with minimally invasive techniques (thoracoscopy and laparoscopy) (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.22‐5.76). Survival was similar between both groups.

Conclusions

Postoperative delirium is common and associated with complications following esophagectomy. Identification of predisposing factors such as age and pre‐existing pulmonary diseases and proper selection of surgical treatment may reduce delirium and improve surgical outcomes.
Extra‐articular resection of shoulder joint for bone sarcomas: Oncologic and limb‐salvage outcomes of 32 cases compared with shoulder disarticulation and forequarter amputation
Authors: Tsuda Yusuke , Fujiwara Tomohiro , Evans Scott , Kaneuchi Yoichi , Abudu Adesegun
Published: January 2020

Background and Objectives

We aimed to identify the overall survival (OS), surgical complications, survival of reconstruction, and functional outcome of patients who underwent extra‐articular resection of the shoulder joint for primary bone sarcomas. The OS and local recurrence rates in patients who underwent an amputation were also evaluated for comparison.

Methods

Thirty‐two patients treated between 1988 and 2017 were studied. The tumours were located in the humerus in 22 (69%) and scapula in 10 patients (31%). The resection types were Malawer type IV in 6 (19%), type V in 21 (66%), and type VI in 5 patients (15%). Reconstruction was performed with endoprosthesis in 23 patients (72%) while excision arthroplasty with the suspension of the humerus to the clavicle was performed in 9 patients (28%). Surgical margins were wide in 16, marginal in 8, intralesional in 3, and not available in 5 patients. During the study period, 40 patients underwent a forequarter amputation and 11 patients underwent a shoulder disarticulation.

Results

The 5‐year OS for patients who underwent extra‐articular resection of the shoulder joint was 42% which was not statistically different compared with that of patients who underwent amputation (5‐year OS = 30%; P = .091). The 5‐year survival of the reconstruction was 94%, similar for endoprosthesis and excision arthroplasty. Local recurrence and complications developed in 6 (19%) and 10 patients (31%), respectively. Failures of the reconstruction requiring revision surgery occurred in two patients (6%). Limb salvage was achieved in 30 patients (94%). The median Musculoskeletal Tumour Society functional score was 61% (interquartile range, 57%‐70%) and was similar in the endoprosthesis and excision arthroplasty group.

Conclusions

Extra‐articular resection of the shoulder joint for bone sarcomas is an effective limb‐salvage method. However, local recurrence remains a principal concern.
The impact of coastal flooding on agriculture: A case‐study of Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
Authors: Gould Iain J. , Wright Isobel , Collison Martin , Ruto Eric , Bosworth Gary , Pearson Simon
Published: January 2020

Under future climate predictions, the incidence of coastal flooding is set to rise. Many coastal regions at risk, such as those surrounding the North Sea, comprise large areas of low‐lying and productive agricultural land. Flood risk assessments typically emphasise the economic consequences of coastal flooding on urban areas and national infrastructure. Impacts on agricultural land have seen less attention, and considerations tend to omit the long‐term effects of soil salinity. The aim of this study is to develop a universal framework to evaluate the economic impact of coastal flooding to agriculture. We incorporated existing flood models, satellite acquired crop data, soil salinity, and crop sensitivity to give a novel and detailed assessment of salt damage to agricultural productivity over time. We focussed our case‐study on low‐lying, highly productive agricultural land with a history of flooding in Lincolnshire, UK. The potential impact of agricultural flood damage varied across our study region. Assuming typical cropping does not change postflood financial losses range from £1,366/ha to £5,526/ha per inundation, these losses would be reduced by between 35% up to 85% in the likely event that an alternative, more salt‐tolerant, cropping, regime is implemented postflood. These losses are substantially higher than loses calculated on the same areas using established flood risk assessment framework conventionally used for freshwater flood assessments, with differences attributed to our longer term salt damage projections impacting over several years. This suggests flood protection policy needs to consider local and long‐term impacts of flooding on agricultural land.
Association of Liver Tissue Optical Properties and Thermal Damage
Authors: Nagarajan Vivek Krishna , Ward Jerrold M. , Yu Bing
Published: January 2020

Background and Objectives

Complete thermocoagulation of tumors is vital to minimize the risk of local tumor recurrence after a thermal ablation. Histological assessments are not real‐time and require experienced pathologists to grade the thermal damage (histopathology) [Correction added on 21 January, 2020 after first online publication: After thermal damage in the preceding sentence, (histopathology) was added]. Real‐time assessment of thermal tissue damage during an ablation is necessary to achieve optimal tumor ablation. In our previous studies, we found that continuous monitoring of the wavelength‐averaged (435–630 nm) tissue absorption coefficient (µa) and the reduced scattering coefficient () during heating of a porcine liver at 100°C follows a sigmoidal growth curve. Therefore, we concluded that increases in the tissue µa and during thermocoagulation were correlated with true thermal damage. The goal of this study was to determine if increases in the tissue µa and during thermocoagulation are correlated with true thermal damage.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

In this paper, continuously measured values of µa and during heating of the porcine liver tissue were compared with the histology‐assessed thermal damage scores at four different temperature points (37°C, 55°C, 65°C, and 75°C).

Results

The damage scores for the tissues in Group 3 (65°C) and Group 4 (75°C) were significantly different from each other and from the other groups. The damage scores were not significantly different between Group 1 (37°C) and Group 2 (55°C).

Conclusion

The results indicate that relative changes in µa and can be used to classify thermal damage (histopathology) scores with an overall accuracy of 72.5% up to 75°C. [Correction added on 21 January, 2020 after first online publication: After thermal damage in the preceding sentence, (histopathology) was added]. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stress corrosion behavior of 6082 aluminum alloy
Authors: Zhou Bin , Yang Li , Yang Shou‐Bing , Bai Di , Olugbade Oluwatobi , Huang Gen‐Zhe
Published: January 2020

Stress corrosion tests of 6082 aluminum alloy were carried out by using a three‐point bending fixture while holding at 50% of yield strength state through different immersion times in 1.5% NaCl electrolyte solution. The electrochemical impedance spectra and dynamic electric potential polarization curves were measured to indicate the stress corrosion behavior of the alloy. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray energy spectrum analysis were applied for microstructural investigations. The results show that all of the Nyquist electrochemical impedance spectra consisted of high‐ and low‐frequency double capacitive arcs. However, an increase in immersion time while holding at 50% of yield stress resulted in a corresponding increase in the corrosion current density, leading to gradual corrosion depth growth, and a decrease in the corrosion resistance of the alloy. 6082 Aluminum alloy included AlMnFeSi, Mg2Si, and Si secondary phases. The different secondary phases presented different stress corrosion behaviors. Stress corrosion cracks were generated at the boundaries of AlMnFeSi and matrix or within the AlMnFeSi phase. Crack direction is always perpendicular to the tensile stress applied. Mg2Si secondary phase was self‐corroded as its corrosion potential is lower than that of the matrix. As the electric potential of Si is higher than that of the matrix, corrosion occurred at the matrix side of the boundary between Si and matrix.
The Characteristic Eye Movement Disorder of RFC1‐Linked CANVAS
Authors: Terryn Joke , Van Eesbeeck Amélie , Vermeer Sascha , Vandenberghe Wim
Published: January 2020

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Machine intelligence in peptide therapeutics: A next‐generation tool for rapid disease screening
Authors: Basith Shaherin , Manavalan Balachandran , Hwan Shin Tae , Lee Gwang
Published: January 2020

Discovery and development of biopeptides are time‐consuming, laborious, and dependent on various factors. Data‐driven computational methods, especially machine learning (ML) approach, can rapidly and efficiently predict the utility of therapeutic peptides. ML methods offer an array of tools that can accelerate and enhance decision making and discovery for well‐defined queries with ample and sophisticated data quality. Various ML approaches, such as support vector machines, random forest, extremely randomized tree, and more recently deep learning methods, are useful in peptide‐based drug discovery. These approaches leverage the peptide data sets, created via high‐throughput sequencing and computational methods, and enable the prediction of functional peptides with increased levels of accuracy. The use of ML approaches in the development of peptide‐based therapeutics is relatively recent; however, these techniques are already revolutionizing protein research by unraveling their novel therapeutic peptide functions. In this review, we discuss several ML‐based state‐of‐the‐art peptide‐prediction tools and compare these methods in terms of their algorithms, feature encodings, prediction scores, evaluation methodologies, and software utilities. We also assessed the prediction performance of these methods using well‐constructed independent data sets. In addition, we discuss the common pitfalls and challenges of using ML approaches for peptide therapeutics. Overall, we show that using ML models in peptide research can streamline the development of targeted peptide therapies.
ED patients with suicidal ideation, self‐harm at suicide risk
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: January 2020

Patients who present in emergency departments (EDs) following deliberate self‐harm or suicidal ideation are associated with a substantial increased risk of suicide in the following year compared with the general population, say researchers of a new study published online in JAMA Network Open.
Readers reveal more about what's on tap for the field in 2020
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: January 2020

Mental Health Weekly readers continue to weigh in on challenges and opportunities awaiting the field in 2020. Here are more of their responses. Thanks to everyone who responded to our request for comments.
Hermite‐Hadamard inequalities in fractional calculus defined using Mittag‐Leffler kernels
Authors: Fernandez Arran , Mohammed Pshtiwan
Published: January 2020

We consider the Hermite‐Hadamard inequality and related results on integral inequalities, in the context of fractional integrals and derivatives defined using Mittag‐Leffler kernels, specifically the Atangana‐Baleanu and Prabhakar models of fractional calculus.
ICI‐RS 2019 nocturia think tank: How can experimental science guide us in understanding the pathophysiology of nocturia?
Authors: Vahabi Bahareh , Jabr Rita , Fry Chris , McCloskey Karen , Everaert Karel , Agudelo Christina W. , Monaghan Thomas F. , Rahnama'i Mohammad S. , Panicker Jalesh N. , Weiss Jeffrey P.
Published: January 2020

Introduction

The following is a report on the proceedings of the 2019 International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society nocturia think tank (NTT).

Objectives

The objectives of the 2019 NTT were as follows: (a) to evaluate the role of urothelium in the pathophysiology of nocturia; (b) to determine whether nocturia is a circadian disorder; (c) to discuss the role of melatonin in nocturia; (d) to consider ambulatory urodynamic monitoring in evaluating patients with nocturia; (e) to explore studies of water handling in human compartments utilizing heavy water; and (f) to explore whether basic science is the key to understanding the treatment options for diminished bladder capacity in patients with nocturia.

Methods

A compendium of discussions of the role of experimental science in understanding the pathophysiology of nocturia is described herein.

Results and Conclusions

Translational science will play an increasing role in understanding the pathophysiology of nocturia, which may result in improved treatment strategies.
Reliable estimation of brain intravoxel incoherent motion parameters using denoised diffusion‐weighted MRI
Authors: Huang Hsuan‐Ming
Published: January 2020

In this study, we evaluate whether diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‐MRI) data after denoising can provide a reliable estimation of brain intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) perfusion parameters. Brain DW‐MRI was performed in five healthy volunteers on a 3 T clinical scanner with 12 different b‐values ranging from 0 to 1000 s/mm2. DW‐MRI data denoised using the proposed method were fitted with a biexponential model to extract perfusion fraction (PF), diffusion coefficient (D) and pseudo‐diffusion coefficient (D*). To further evaluate the accuracy and precision of parameter estimation, IVIM parametric images obtained from one volunteer were used to resimulate the DW‐MRI data using the biexponential model with the same b‐values. Rician noise was added to generate DW‐MRI data with various signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) levels. The experimental results showed that the denoised DW‐MRI data yielded precise estimates for all IVIM parameters. We also found that IVIM parameters were significantly different between gray matter and white matter (P < 0.05), except for D* (P = 0.6). Our simulation results show that the proposed image denoising method displays good performance in estimating IVIM parameters (both bias and coefficient of variation were <12% for PF, D and D*) in the presence of different levels of simulated Rician noise (SNRb=0 = 20‐40). Simulations and experiments show that brain DW‐MRI data after denoising can provide a reliable estimation of IVIM parameters.
Cellulose nanocrystals from curaua fibers and poly[ethylene‐co‐(vinyl acetate)] nanocomposites: Effect of drying process of CNCs on thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Corrêa Ana Carolina , Teodoro Kelcilene Bruna Ricardo , Simão José Alexandre , Claro Pedro Ivo Cunha , de Morais Teixeira Eliangela , Mattoso Luiz Henrique Capparelli , Marconcini José Manoel
Published: January 2020

Poly[ethylene‐co‐(vinyl acetate)] (EVA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from curaua fibers were used to obtain nanocomposites. Due to polarity that acetate groups promote in EVA, they tend to present better affinity with cellulose nanostructures without compatibilizers. In addition, the influence of the drying conditions of CNCs suspension on their dispersion through the matrix was also evaluated. CNCs were obtained via acid hydrolysis in a mixture of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids. Part of CNCs in neutral suspension was freeze‐dried and part was dried in an oven with air circulation. The dried CNCs were incorporated into EVA at concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 wt% of each CNCs. The compositions were processed in a corotating twin‐screw extruder and injection molded. Morphological results showed better dispersion and adhesion of freeze‐dried nanocrystals into EVA, and these nanocomposites also presented increase in elastic modulus and elongation at break, resulting in more resilient and elastic materials.