ANTIOXIDANT PROVISION AND INSTRUMENTAL METHODS FOR EXAMINING PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC BRONCHITIS AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, WHO ARE EMPLOYED IN ENGINEERING INDUSTRY
Authors: Selikhova L.G. , Kolomiyets H.O. , Borzikh О.A. , Lavrenko A.B. , Avramenko Ya.M. , Dihtiar N.I. , Gerasymenko N.D. , Byelan O.V. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction. In the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, free radical oxidation is known as one of the leading chains, which is able to damage the pulmonary structures. Activation and deepening of lipid peroxidation  processes, which play an important role in the progression of pathology, promote toxic effects of metabolites onto the myocardium, bronchial wall and aggravate ischemic changes. Chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are quite prevalent among employees at the machine-building industry due to occupational environment. Materials and methods. The study included 66 machine-building industry employees with chronic bronchitis: 34 of them working at places harmful to their health make up the main group of patients, and 32 patients, who are not exposed to any occupational harm, make up the control group). Among 66 surveyed women, 34 and 32 men and 64 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease I and II classes. 33 of the employees working at the places with unfavourable conditions make up the main group of patients, and 31 patients are not being exposed to occupational harm (control group). 66 subjects involved into the study include 33 women and 31 men. All the subjects were compared with the group of comparison made up of 31 healthy individuals. The average age of the subjects was 48.0 ± 2.5 years, the average length of their employment was 15.8 ± 3.2 years. The study was carried out at the Municipal Clinical Hospital №1 in Poltava. Results. The main pathogenetic feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease demonstrated by the patients is the more pronounced intensity of the inflammatory process in the bronchopulmonary apparatus that is manifested by more marked changes in different organs and systems. Harmful occupational factors have been found out to produce adverse effect on the cardiovascular system: the patients with chronic bronchitis are found out to have atrial fibrillation (15.8%), and the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have premature heartbeats (30.3%) and signs of overload of the right heart chambers (42.4%). The effect of harmful factors onto the patients with chronic bronchitis led to more serious disorders in the state of lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation that was manifested by the significant increase in the blood serum content of β-lipoproteins, malonic dialdehyde and ceruloplasmin by 6.3% ± 0.41%, 12,66 ± 0.83% and 12,0% respectively, compared to the patients who worked in healthier occupational environment. The patients with chronic bronchitis working at various places did not differ in catalase activity, but differed in the content of ceruloplasmin (the employees working in harmful conditions its content was higher by 12.0%). In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the effect of harmful occupational factors contributed to the activation of lipid peroxidation in the form of a significant increase in serum β-lipoprotein content by 6.45 ± 0.63%, as well as increase in the level of spontaneous erythrocyte haemolysis by 20.35 ± 1.8% and malonic dialdehyde by 10.11 ± 0.47 % compared to the employees working in the healthy occupational environment. Disturbance of antioxidant supply in these patients were manifested by reduced catalase activity by 20.74 ± 1.39% and increased content of ceruloplasmin, by 14, 32 ± 0.84% ​​compared with those working in the safe environment. In general, both in chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the effect of occupational harmful factors has contributed to the additional activation of lipid peroxidation and the reduction of the body antioxidant provision, more pronounced in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions. Thus, the influence of occupational harmful factors leads to a more severe clinical course of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease accompanied by more pronounced disorders of free-radical lipid oxidation, which adversely affect the cardiovascular system.