bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First-line treatment for advanced or metastatic EGFR mutation-positive non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Mengyao , Sun Lan
Published: January 2025

Background

Several head-to-head meta-analyses have compared the efficacy and safety of different first-line treatments in patients with EGFR mutation-positive (M+) advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (nsq-NSCLC). However, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluation encompassing multiple treatment strategies. Our objective is to conduct a network meta-analysis that includes various treatment modalities, enabling both direct and indirect comparisons for a more thorough assessment.

Methods

We conducted a search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from inception until May 8, 2024, to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), while secondary outcomes included objective response rate (ORR) and grade 3 or higher adverse events (≥3AEs). Stata 15.0 and R 4.3.2 software were utilized for the network meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 30 RCTs, comprising 8654 participants, were included. The study encompassed the following 19 treatments: Chemotherapy; Afatinib; Afatinib + Cetuximab; Apatinib + Gefitinib; Befotertinib; Cetuximab + Chemotherapy; Erlotinib; Erlotinib + Bevacizumab; Erlotinib + Chemotherapy; Gefitinib; Gefitinib + Chemotherapy; Gefitinib + Olaparib; Icotinib; Icotinib + Chemotherapy; Lazertinib; Naquotinib; Osimertinib; Osimertinib + Bevacizumab; Osimertinib + Chemotherapy. The network meta-analysis results indicated that, in terms of PFS, Osimertinib + Chemotherapy (SUCRAs: 93.4%) and Osimertinib (SUCRAs: 84.61%) were the most effective. Regarding OS, Lazertinib (SUCRAs: 89.72%), Gefitinib (SUCRAs: 72.07%), and Osimertinib + Chemotherapy (SUCRAs: 70.74%) emerged as the top three options. Afatinib (SUCRAs: 92.27%) was associated with the best ORR improvement. For ≥3AEs, Afatinib (SUCRAs: 74.93%) and Osimertinib (SUCRAs: 69.42%) were likely the best choices.

Conclusion

Current evidence suggests that, considering both survival and safety, Osimertinib stands out as the preferred first-line treatment for untreated EGFR M + advanced or metastatic nsq-NSCLC. Notably, the combination of Osimertinib with chemotherapy demonstrated superior survival benefits. However, due to the limitations in the number and quality of included studies, these conclusions await further validation through more high-quality research.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024562981, identifier CRD42024562981.
Pedals possible: a pilot study of adaptive cycling as a school-based rehabilitation intervention for students with disabilities
Authors: Brennan Julia S. , Keller Everette , Humanitzki Elizabeth , Wade Jessica Nichole , Catledge Chad , Houston Stephen , Beall Jonathan , Dodds Cynthia B.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Pediatric therapists in school-based practice can incorporate exercise promotion through adaptive cycling for children with disabilities who experience high levels of sedentary behavior and low levels of moderate to vigorous activity.

Methods

The impacts of an adaptive cycling pilot program for children with disabilities were investigated through a community-based participatory study. During an eight-week intervention, students had a goal of riding adaptive cycles three times a week for twenty minutes. Using a pre-and post-test design, primary outcomes included individualized goal attainment scaling (GAS) linked to students' individualized education plans (IEP) and the 6-minute cycling test (6MCT) measuring cycling distance. Secondary outcomes included cycling duration over time, assistance levels for pedaling and steering, a “happiness scale”, and overall program satisfaction of parents and teachers. To prevent harm, pain behavior was examined using the Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC).

Results

Cycling had a positive impact on students with disabilities. No increased levels of pain behavior or adverse events were reported. Individual GAS T-score means significantly improved to 0.24 and program effectiveness achieved a T-score value of 50.53. The mean distance of 6MCT increased from 728.95 feet to 880.5 feet. Secondary measures also documented significant improvement. Parents and teachers reported high overall satisfaction.

Discussion

Adaptive cycling can incorporate needed physical activity into the school day and also support the achievement of IEP goals, physical activity capacity, and emotional happiness. Scaling adaptive cycling programs for children with disabilities should be considered an excellent opportunity for educational growth, health, and well-being.
Psychological impacts of maternal migration on left-behind children: a cross-cultural review
Authors: Al-Azzeh Dana , Diab Jasmin Lilian
Published: January 2025

In the pursuit of a brighter future for their children, many female migrant workers leave their home countries to seek employment abroad, often as caregivers for families in wealthier nations. This decision necessitates prolonged separation from their own children, depriving them of the opportunity to witness and participate in crucial stages of their children’s development. The absence of these mothers, combined with inconsistent caregiving in their stead, significantly increases the vulnerability of left-behind children to mental health challenges, such as depression, anxiety, and difficulties in forming emotional bonds with others. Moreover, even after the migrant mother’s eventual return, the disruptions in attachment often result in long-term consequences, including strained and distant relationships with their children. This article explores the complex impact of maternal migration on the mental well-being of left-behind children across various cultural contexts. It highlights key findings, such as the role of communal caregiving practices in mitigating adverse effects in some societies, while noting that these practices are not a complete solution. The study underscores the need for culturally sensitive mental health interventions and policy measures to support the well-being of children affected by maternal migration globally.
Exploring the psychometric properties of the Persian Depression Anxiety Stress Scale for Youth (DASS-Y): factor structure and reliability in Iranian children and adolescents
Authors: Shabani Mohammad Javad , Gharraee Banafsheh , Zahedi Tajrishi Komeil
Published: January 2025

Background

The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale for Youth (DASS-Y) is a self-report instrument recently developed to evaluate negative emotional states in children and adolescents. However, the Persian version’s factor structure and psychometric properties have yet to be investigated in Iranian youth. The study aimed to assess the factor structure and reliability of the Persian DASS-Y in a sample of Iranian children and adolescents.

Methods

The study recruited 1,277 children and adolescents, 703 (55.1%) being girls and 574 (44.9%) being boys (aged 7–18 years), from schools in Tehran, Iran. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to evaluate structural validity and test the fit of three-factor models. Internal consistency reliability was examined using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients for the DASS-Y total and subscale items. Convergent and discriminant validity were also assessed.

Results

The CFA results supported the original 3-factor structure of the DASS-Y, consisting of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress subscales in both groups of Iranian children and adolescents. Subsequently, the Pearson correlation coefficient assessed the scale’s convergent and discriminant validity, which was relatively appropriate. Also, the DASS-Y’s internal consistency reliability was satisfactory.

Conclusion

The Persian DASS-Y is a reliable and valid Instrument for measuring depression, anxiety, and stress in Iranian children and adolescents. It can be helpful for both research and clinical work, helping to assess psychological distress in children and adolescents.
Relationships of sensory processing sensitivity with creativity and empathy in an adult sample
Authors: Laros-van Gorkom Britta A. P. , Damatac Christienne G. , Stevelmans Inez , Greven Corina U.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) describes individual differences in sensitivity to environments, but there is little research on potential positive correlates of SPS. Hereby we investigate whether SPS and its Aesthetic Sensitivity (AES) component are associated with different facets of creativity and empathy.

Methods

Questionnaires on SPS, creativity and empathy were administered to 296 participants and data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression.

Results

Higher SPS total and AES scores were associated with more creative ideas (SPS: β = 0.294, pfdr < 0.001; AES: β = 0.484, pfdr < 0.001). Only AES was associated with more creative activities (AES: β = 0.292, pfdr < 0.001). Furthermore, higher SPS total and AES scores were associated with more overall empathy (SPS: β = 0.428, pfdr < 0.001; AES: β = 0.373, pfdr < 0.001), affective empathy (SPS: β = 0.507, pfdr < 0.001; AES: β = 0.331, pfdr < 0.001), cognitive empathy (SPS: β = 0.2692, pfdr < 0.001; AES: β = 0.347, pfdr < 0.001), and less emotional disconnection (SPS: β = 0.234, pfdr β 0.001; AES: β = 0.210, pfdr β 0.001). Most associations remained significant after controlling for openness to experience, and the other SPS components of ease of excitation and low sensory threshold and gender, age, and education.

Discussion

We conclude that SPS and AES are associated with creativity and empathy. Strengthening these positive aspects might help highly sensitive people flourish.
Do education, urbanization, and green growth promote life expectancy?
Authors: Zhang Haojun , Zhan Yunqiu , Chen Keqiu
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Education (EDU) enhances life expectancy (LEF) by improving health literacy and access to healthcare, leading to healthier lifestyles. Urbanization (URB) fosters better healthcare infrastructure and access to essential services, although it must be managed to avoid negative environmental impacts. Green growth (GG) ensures sustainable development, reduces pollution and environmental risks, and contributes to longer, healthier lives. Therefore, this study examines the impact of EDU, URB and GG on LEF in China from 1990 to 2022.

Methods

This study utilizes the unit root, cointegration test, and Auto Regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, and for robustness analysis, we use the Fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic ordinary least squares (FMOLS) methods.

Results

The results show that education, urbanization and green growth have a positive and significant effect on life expectancy, while C02 emissions negatively affect life expectancy.

Discussion

These findings suggest that more resources should be allocated to public education systems to ensure access to quality education from early childhood through higher education and integrate comprehensive health education into school curricula to raise awareness about healthy lifestyles, nutrition, and disease prevention. Promote intelligent urban planning incorporating green spaces, recreational areas, and safe walkways to encourage physical activity and reduce pollution. The findings significantly contribute to health economics and provide a new avenue of research for the academic community and policymakers.
SineKAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks using sinusoidal activation functions
Authors: Reinhardt Eric , Ramakrishnan Dinesh , Gleyzer Sergei
Published: January 2025

Recent work has established an alternative to traditional multi-layer perceptron neural networks in the form of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KAN). The general KAN framework uses learnable activation functions on the edges of the computational graph followed by summation on nodes. The learnable edge activation functions in the original implementation are basis spline functions (B-Spline). Here, we present a model in which learnable grids of B-Spline activation functions are replaced by grids of re-weighted sine functions (SineKAN). We evaluate numerical performance of our model on a benchmark vision task. We show that our model can perform better than or comparable to B-Spline KAN models and an alternative KAN implementation based on periodic cosine and sine functions representing a Fourier Series. Further, we show that SineKAN has numerical accuracy that could scale comparably to dense neural networks (DNNs). Compared to the two baseline KAN models, SineKAN achieves a substantial speed increase at all hidden layer sizes, batch sizes, and depths. Current advantage of DNNs due to hardware and software optimizations are discussed along with theoretical scaling. Additionally, properties of SineKAN compared to other KAN implementations and current limitations are also discussed.
Floods after drought: storytelling with agro-pastoralists in a Kenyan dryland
Authors: Weesie Ruben V. , Rohse Melanie , Van Loon Anne F. , Koehler Johanna , Barendrecht Marlies H. , Mwangi Moses
Published: January 2025

In East African drylands, agro-pastoralists are continuously dealing with recurrent droughts and floods damaging to their livelihoods. Although droughts and floods have been widely studied as separate phenomena, little attention has been paid to agro-pastoral experiences of the relations between successive droughts and floods over time. Yet when floods follow a drought, they are likely to exacerbate or alleviate the impacts of the preceding drought. To address this, we conducted a study in southeastern Kenya’s drylands, organizing storytelling sessions with 213 agro-pastoralist participants. By reconstructing a history of droughts and floods experiences from the 1940s to the early 2020s, we found that droughts and floods are strongly interrelated and ambivalent phenomena. During the latter half of the 20th century, agro-pastoralists narrated droughts as severely disruptive, distinct periods that frequently concluded with flooding, which both alleviated and intensified drought impacts. In the 21st century, however, droughts and floods are no longer experienced as discrete, named events but rather as a new normal. Floods after drought have become more frequent, short-lived, intense, and erosive, their regenerative function diminishing. The participants articulated how they adapt to droughts and floods amidst rapid socio-economic and socio-environmental changes. We found that various drought adaptation measures, largely initiated by (non)governmental organizations operating in drylands, have introduced flood risks. As droughts and floods are expected to become even heavier and frequent in future East African drylands and beyond, the stories underscore a need for adaptation approaches that benefit from the regenerative potential of floods after drought.
Sustainability beyond the triple bottom line: evaluating transformative change in food systems
Authors: Gunton Richard M. , van der Stoep Jan , Araya Yoseph , Jochemsen Henk
Published: January 2025

The concept of ‘sustainability’ has developed into a rich discourse concerned with diverse human responsibilities in our economic life, and as such it is in constant danger of over-simplification. The conventional two-way analysis of sustainability, into (1) human needs as ends and (2) means to meet such needs, and the scheme of nine planetary boundaries, are taken as starting points for a more balanced proposal set out in this conceptual paper. Inspired by the framework of Doughnut Economics and drawing on a collection of recent articles in this journal, we identify a set of 12 aspects for evaluating transformative change and apply them to food systems: seven typically instrumental goods (means) and five typically final goods (ends). Recognising that such classifications are worldview-dependent, however, our ‘home model’ breaks down the 12 aspects into 37 criteria as the basis for a practical tool for evaluating particular business models and policy initiatives. The paper concludes by offering a philosophical account of transformative change and identifying institutional factors crucial for local progress towards sustainability transitions, in food systems and also more broadly.
Genetic structure and diversity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae based on a MLVA typing scheme
Authors: Tamiozzo Pablo , García Virginia , González-Ittig Raúl E. , Pieters Maria
Published: January 2025

Background

Several epidemiological studies have been carried out using Multiple-Locus Variable-number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA) for M. hyopneumoniae typing. However, a global perspective on the implications of the genetic diversity of this pathogen is lacking.

Objective

This study aimed to determine and to analyze the genetic structure of M. hyopneumoniae based on the p97R1-p146R3 MLVA typing scheme and to characterize, analyze and compare MLVA types among countries where the information was publicly available.

Methods

A set of 797 publicly available data of M. hyopneumoniaep97R1-p146R3 MLVA genetic types from six different countries were analyzed using Genalex 6.41 software to characterize loci polymorphism and using Structure 2.3.4 software in order to identify the genetic structure.

Results

A total of 185 MLVA types were identified among the analyzed data. For the p97R1 and p146R3 loci, most of the molecular variation in M. hyopneumoniae populations was identified within countries. Three genetic clusters and their recombinations were identified globally.

Conclusion

M. hyopneumoniae is a genetically diverse pathogen with limited clonality and three well-defined clusters and their combinations were identified in this investigation. The greatest genetic variation of M. hyopneumoniae was observed within countries.
Advancing veterinary vaccines design through trained immunity insights
Authors: Wang Xin , Yu Guohua
Published: January 2025

Trained immunity, characterized by long-term functional reprogramming of innate immune cells, offers promising new directions for veterinary vaccine development. This perspective examines how trained immunity can be integrated into veterinary vaccine design through metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications. We analyze key molecular mechanisms, including the shift to aerobic glycolysis and sustained epigenetic changes, that enable enhanced immune responses. Strategic approaches for vaccine optimization are proposed, focusing on selecting effective trained immunity inducers, developing innovative adjuvant systems, and achieving synergistic enhancement of immune responses. While implementation challenges exist, including individual response variations and safety considerations, trained immunity-based vaccines show potential for providing broader protection against emerging pathogens. This approach could revolutionize veterinary vaccinology by offering enhanced efficacy and cross-protection against heterologous infections, particularly valuable for zoonotic disease control.
Prevalence and location of myofascial trigger points in dogs with osteoarthritis
Authors: Formenton Maira Rezende , Fantoni Denise Tabacchi , Gauthier Lisa , Cachon Thibaut , Yeng Lin Tchia , Portier Karine
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of myofascial pain and the location of myofascial trigger points (MTPs) in dogs with osteoarthritis.

Methods

Thirty-five dogs were selected and examined for the presence of MTPs using palpation. Assessments were performed independently by two examiners. Correlations between age, MTP number and location, and the site of osteoarthritis were also investigated.

Results and discussion

Thirty out of 35 dogs (86%) had at least one MTP and only 5 (14%) had none. A total of 177 MTPs were identified in dogs in this sample. The prevalence of MTPs was higher in the longissimus thoracicae (40% and 43%; left and right side respectively), followed by the quadriceps femoris (40% and 31%), longissimus lumborum (20% and 23%), gluteus medius and deltoid muscles (14%; left side only), and the pectineus muscle (11%; right side only). The number of osteoarthritic joints was not correlated with the number of MTPs or age. However, age was positively correlated with the number of muscles affected by MTPs. Correlations between the presence of MTPs in muscles surrounding and the affected joints were also lacking.

Conclusion

The prevalence of MTPs in dogs with osteoarthritis is high. Myofascial TPs are positively correlated with age in these patients. The subjective nature of palpation is a major limitation in myofascial pain assessment. Appropriate training and use of standardized diagnostic criteria are recommended.
Mental Health and the Intersection of Perceived Discrimination and Social Inequalities Among Students in Germany – a Quantitative Intersectional Study
Authors: Pilz González Laura , Alonso-Perez Enrique , Lehnchen Jennifer , Deptolla Zita , Heumann Eileen , Tezcan-Güntekin Hürrem , Heinrichs Katherina , Stock Christiane
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Discrimination poses a threat to the mental health of university students, especially those affected by social inequality, yet understanding its intersectional impact remains limited. This study examines the intersection of social inequalities with perceived discrimination to explore differences in mental health among students in Germany.

Methods

Data from the cross-sectional project “Survey on study conditions and mental health of university students” (n = 14,592) were analysed using Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA). Depressive symptoms, cognitive stress symptoms, and exhaustion were examined across 48 intersectional strata based on gender, first academic generation, family care tasks, and perceived discrimination.

Results

The MAIHDA analysis revealed substantial between strata variance, with most of it explained by additive rather than intersectional interaction effects. Perceived discrimination, diverse or female gender, first academic generation, and family care tasks (for exhaustion only) were associated with worse mental health outcomes.

Conclusion

The profound associations between perceived discrimination and the mental health among university students call for urgent attention and intervention within university settings. Adopting an intersectional lens is key to identifying and addressing inequalities.
Beyond the Bottom Line: The Role of Personal Characteristics in Healthcare Entrepreneurship
Authors: Ciobanu Eliza , Bărbulescu Oana
Published: January 2025

This study fills a crucial gap by offering fresh insights into healthcare entrepreneurs’ characteristics and decision-making, enriching the understanding of entrepreneurial behavior. Employing a mixed-methods approach, by combining qualitative and quantitative data, the researchers examined how factors such as age, gender, education, number of children, marital status, and house ownership influence business orientation. Utilizing both quantitative data, collected through surveys, and statistical analyses, conducted in EViews 12, data drawn from 113 Romanian medical start-ups revealed that marital status was a significant determinant, with single individuals exhibiting a profit-centric approach, while couples or married entrepreneurs prioritize patient well-being. Also, the lower the sense of ownership, the lower the number of co-founders there was in the start-up. The motivation of entrepreneurs involved in start-ups with more than two co-founders, is based on the motivation behind a problem that directly affected the entrepreneurs themselves. An unexpected result was found regarding the healthcare entrepreneurs that perceive failure more due to lack of funding than competition, especially in profit-focused ventures, shaping their decision-making. To shape managerial implications, the authors depicted the swim lane decision-making process diagram based on these insights.
The Lift Enhancement Effect of a New Fluidic Oscillator on High-Lift Wings
Authors: Zhao Tong , Bai Yalei
Published: January 2025

Fluidic oscillators have emerged as a prominent topic of research in the field of flow control, owing to their broad sweep range and enhanced control efficiency. However, the underlying mechanisms governing the operation of fluidic oscillators remain poorly understood, and the effect of oscillation frequency on flow control performance has yet to be conclusively determined. In this study, a novel fluidic oscillator is proposed that achieves frequency decoupling by replacing the conventional feedback channel with synthetic jets, thereby enabling modulation of oscillation frequency at a constant momentum coefficient. When applied to a high-lift airfoil, results show that at a momentum coefficient of 14.1%, the lift coefficient increase achieved under F+ = 1 control outperforms that under F+ = 10 by more than 0.3. This finding suggests the presence of an optimal frequency for fluidic oscillators, which maximizes their flow control effectiveness. Notably, this optimal frequency is unaffected by variations in the momentum coefficient. A deeper analysis of the fluidic oscillator’s working principle reveals that periodic oscillations dominate the turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress, driving enhanced chordwise momentum exchange. This increased energy transfer strengthens the boundary layer’s resistance to separation, effectively mitigating flow detachment and improving lift enhancement. Finally, the periodic flow field on the surface of the high-lift airfoil under fluidic oscillator control was examined. It was observed that, at low frequencies, the fluidic oscillator effectively controls the shedding of separation vortices, ensuring that the frequency of vortex shedding aligns with the oscillation frequency of the fluidic oscillator. This alignment likely contributes to the superior lift enhancement observed under low-frequency conditions.
Tomato Stem and Leaf Segmentation and Phenotype Parameter Extraction Based on Improved Red Billed Blue Magpie Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Lina , Huang Ziyi , Yang Zhiyin , Yang Bo , Yu Shengpeng , Zhao Shuai , Zhang Xingrui , Li Xinying , Yang Han , Lin Yixing , Yu Helong
Published: January 2025

In response to the structural changes of tomato seedlings, traditional image techniques are difficult to accurately quantify key morphological parameters, such as leaf area, internode length, and mutual occlusion between organs. Therefore, this paper proposes a tomato point cloud stem and leaf segmentation framework based on Elite Strategy-based Improved Red-billed Blue Magpie Optimization (ES-RBMO) Algorithm. The framework uses a four-layer Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for stem and leaf segmentation by incorporating an improved swarm intelligence algorithm with an accuracy of 0.965. Four key phenotypic parameters of the plant were extracted. The phenotypic parameters of plant height, stem thickness, leaf area and leaf inclination were analyzed by comparing the values extracted by manual measurements with the values extracted by the 3D point cloud technique. The results showed that the coefficients of determination (R2) for these parameters were 0.932, 0.741, 0.938 and 0.935, respectively, indicating high correlation. The root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.511, 0.135, 0.989 and 3.628, reflecting the level of error between the measured and extracted values. The absolute percentage errors (APE) were 1.970, 4.299, 4.365 and 5.531, which further quantified the measurement accuracy. In this study, an efficient and adaptive intelligent optimization framework was constructed, which is capable of optimizing data processing strategies to achieve efficient and accurate processing of tomato point cloud data. This study provides a new technical tool for plant phenotyping and helps to improve the intelligent management in agricultural production.
Effects of Providing Enrichment to Broilers in an Animal Welfare Environment on Productivity, Litter Moisture, Gas Concentration (CO2 and NH3), Animal Welfare Indicators, and Stress Level Concentration
Authors: Kim Chan-Ho , Lee Woo-Do , Son Ji-Seon , Jeon Jung-Hwan , Lim Se-Jin , Kim Su-Mi
Published: January 2025

As animal welfare becomes more active in livestock industry, research is being conducted on ways to improve poor housing environments, reduce stress, and meet welfare standards. Among these, environmental enrichment methods are effective in reducing stress and creating a welfare-friendly rearing environment, but there are few cases of actual application to farms. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of providing pecking materials (grain blocks), known as one of the environmental enrichment methods, to commercial broiler farms. This study used two facilities that could accommodate 32,000 one-day-old broilers (Arbor acres) per building, and two groups (control and treatment groups) were designed after creating two identical areas within each building (total two treatments, two replicates, 16,000 birds per replicate). Two identical zones within the house were created by installing a partition in the center; one side was provided with grain blocks (one grain block per 1000 birds), and the other side was not. Analysis items included productivity (body weight, uniformity), environmental variables (litter and air), welfare indicators (leg, gait score, feather cleanliness score), and serum corticosterone levels. Analysis of all items was conducted twice, on the 19th and 27th, taking into account the farm’s feed change date and slaughter schedule. Other environmental conditions (density, lighting, ventilation, temperature, humidity, feed, and water) were the same. As a result, no difference in productivity was observed according to enrichment, and the quality of litter and air was similar. Also, there was no significant difference in welfare indicators. Interestingly, however, provision of the environment enrichment lowered serum corticosterone levels (p < 0.05). The implications of our study are that grain blocks as a pecking material are an effective way to reduce stress without adversely affecting broiler performance and rearing environment. However, it is still necessary to explore optimal enrichment materials that can help not only the welfare level but also the broiler performance.
Effects of Different Molasses Levels and Slow-Release Urea Combinations on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Rumen Fermentation, and Microflora of Holstein Fattening Bulls
Authors: Xu Zhiyuan , Li Shuaihong , Yu Fangzhou , Huang Yinghao , Xie Tao , Bian Hanbing , Lv Longfei , Hu Yapeng , Tao Ruoran , Fan Caiyun , Liu Sijia , Cheng Jianbo
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different combinations of molasses levels and slow-release urea on Holstein fattening bulls. Sixty Holstein fattening bulls of a similar age, weight, and health status were randomly divided into four groups of fifteen Holstein fattening bulls each. All of the treatments were as follows: (1) basic diet group (CON); (2) 2% molasses slow-release urea group (LMU); (3) 4% molasses slow-release urea group (MMU); and (4) 6% molasses slow-release urea group (HMU). The results of the study showed that the MMU had an outstanding performance, with a 13.3% increase in average daily weight gain compared with the control group, a significant decrease in feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05), and a significant increase in apparent digestibility of crude protein (p < 0.05). In terms of serum biochemical indices, blood ammonia and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations were significantly higher in the MMU than in the CON (p < 0.05). The rumen pH of all treatment groups was lower than that of the CON (p < 0.05), whereas the concentrations of microbial crude protein (MCP), as well as acetic acid, propionic acid, and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) were significantly higher in both the MMU and HMU (p < 0.05). The dominant phyla in each group were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Patescibacteria, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the MMU increased by 5.47% compared with that in the CON. In the MMU, Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae increased by 9.03%, 0.67%, and 3.43%, respectively, compared with the CON. The economic benefit analysis showed that the daily feeding cost of fattened cattle in the MMU was reduced by RMB 1.62 yuan, and the daily farming benefit of each cow was increased by RMB 7.19 yuan. In conclusion, the MMU was effective in improving the growth performance of fattening cows, optimizing rumen fermentation, reducing cost, and increasing profit, which is a nutritional strategy with great application value.
Autonomous, Multisensory Soil Monitoring System
Authors: Băjenaru Valentina-Daniela , Istrițeanu Simona-Elena , Ancuța Paul-Nicolae
Published: January 2025

The research investigates the advantages of real-time soil quality monitoring for various land management applications. We emphasize the crucial role of soil modeling and mapping by visualizing and understanding aridity trends across different regions. The primary objective is to develop an innovative soil monitoring system utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This system, equipped with intelligent sensors, will operate autonomously, collecting real-time data to identify key trends in soil conditions. Our system employs smart soil sensors to measure macronutrient values up to a depth of 80 cm. These sensors will transmit data wirelessly. Laboratory research involved a two-month evaluation of the system’s performance across three distinct soil types collected from diverse geographical locations. Analysis of the three soil types yielded a model accuracy estimate of 0.01. A strong positive linear correlation (0.92) between moisture and macronutrients has been observed in two out of the three soil types. The results, particularly related to soil moisture, were averaged over the testing period. While precipitation values were not directly integrated into the modeling framework, they were calculated in l/m2 to ensure accurate real-time estimates. The need for such advanced monitoring systems is critical for optimizing key soil macronutrients and enabling spatiotemporal mapping. This information is essential for developing effective strategies to mitigate soil aridification and prevent desertification.
Strategic Selenium Application Methods and Timing Enhance Grain Yield, Minimize Cadmium Bioaccumulation, and Optimize Selenium Fortification in Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Zhang Dazhong , Liu Jiajia , Cheng Tingting , Wang Hongyi , Zhou Yongzhen , Gong Zhengwu , Hu Tiezhu
Published: January 2025

Based on previous research, we hypothesized that an SeVI and SeMet combined application at different growth stages could increase the yield and Se concentration and decrease Cd concentration in wheat grains. To verify this hypothesis, we designed a pot experiment throughout the wheat growth period and investigated the effects of SeIV, SeVI, and SeMet applied individually or in combination at different growth stages on yield traits; Cd absorption and transport; and Se content under Cd stress. The results indicated that grain yield was the highest under the SeVI individual application treatment and the SeVI (at the seedling, jointing, and heading stages) and SeMet (at the filling stage) combined application treatment (3 + 1 treatment), showing a more than 42% increase compared with the Cd-only control treatment (CK). Under the 5 mg/kg Cd stress, the grain Cd content in the 3 + 1 treatment was 34.1% lower than that in CK and over 14.1% lower than those in Se individual treatments. Furthermore, grain Se content was the highest under the 3 + 1 treatment, being 160.8%, 99.7%, and 39.5% higher than those in the SeIV, SeVI, and SeMet individual treatments under 5 mg/kg Cd stress. This may be attributed to early SeVI application in the 3 + 1 treatment, which enhanced yield traits and effectively promoted the retention of Cd in the middle and lower organs, reducing its transport to the grains. Furthermore, the SeMet application enhanced Se translocation to the grains, further reducing Cd content and increasing the Se concentration. In conclusion, the combined application of SeVI (at the seedling, jointing, and heading stages) and SeMet (at the filling stage) helped achieve the desired outcomes of high grain yield, low Cd content, and Se enrichment under Cd stress.
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Clinical Escherichia coli Strains from Livestock and Poultry in Shandong Province, China During 2015–2020
Authors: Wang Miaoli , Wu Shaopeng , Wang Yao , Chen Feng , Shen Zhangqi , Lan Zouran
Published: January 2025

Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from animals may lead to antibiotic treatment failure and economic losses to farmers. The co-existence of antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) in the same isolate presents a major challenge for the prevention and control of infection in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative organisms. There have been a lot of studies on the antibiotic resistance of E. coli in livestock and poultry, but few of them have focused on clinical pathogens. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the genetic characteristics, co-occurrence, and correlations between ARGs of E. coli isolated from the pathological tissues of livestock and poultry in Shandong Province, East China during 2015–2020. Methods: A total of 158 E. coli strains were collected and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and sequencing by whole-genome Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Results: MDR strains accounted for 46.20% of the 158 E. coli strains with the highest resistant rate of ciprofloxacin (71.52%). In addition, strains with blaNDM-5/mcr-1.1 and mcr-1.1/mcr-3.24 were found in chickens, while three strains with Tet(X4) were found in pigs. In addition, the most common serotypes detected were the O serotype (76/158) and H serotype (36/158). Moreover, seventy-one STs were found and the most common STs were ST10 (6.33%), ST155 (6.33%), and ST101 (5.69%). The genetic environment analysis of the phylogroups revealed that E. coli belonging to phylogroup B1, phylogroup A, and phylogroup C constituted 39.87%, 27.85%, and 15.19%, respectively. Through the correlation analysis, mcr genes were observed to have certain relationships with ARGS such as blaTEM, floR, catA/B, and oqx. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the high prevalence and gene diversity of MDR E. coli isolated from a clinic in Shandong Province, East China. We predicted the transmission risk of animal-borne Tet(X4)-bearing and mcr-harboring E. coli to public health and provided insight into the relationship of co-existence or co-transfer between mcr with ARGS. These relationships present a great challenge for the infection control of MDR Gram-negative organisms.
DNA Methylation and Transcriptome Profiling Reveal the Role of the Antioxidant Pathway and Lipid Metabolism in Plectropomus leopardus Skin Color Formation
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Linna , Li Zhentong , Li Linlin , Ding Tangtang , Chen Shuai , Duan Pengfei , Wang Xinyi , Qiu Yishu , Ding Xiaoyu , Tian Yongsheng
Published: January 2025

Leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus), possessing a distinct red body color, is an important species in commercial markets; however, the high ratio of black individuals under intensive cultivation has limited the commercial value of the species. To dissect the regulatory mechanisms underlying the red skin trait in P. leopardus, gene expression and DNA methylation modifications were compared between red and black skin tissues after astaxanthin treatment. Astaxanthin effectively increased the redness value a* and body weight. Multi-omics analyses revealed the crucial roles of pathways related to antioxidants and lipid metabolism, particularly “Tyrosine metabolism”, “Melanogenesis”, “Fatty acid metabolism”, “Fatty acid elongation”, and “Biosynthesis of unsaturated acids”, in red skin coloration. A molecular network for the regulation of red skin coloration in P. leopardus was constructed, and pmel, tyr, tyrp1a, tyrp1b, dct, slc24a5, wnt1, acsl4, elovl1, elovl6l.1, elovl6l.2, and elovl7 were identified as key genes. Notably, pmel, acsl4, and elovl7 were negatively regulated by differential DNA methylation. Our results provide new insight into the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of body color variation, representing a significant step towards breeding for the red skin trait in P. leopardus.
Hypoxia-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species: Their Role in Cancer Resistance and Emerging Therapies to Overcome It
Authors: Mendoza Eleicy Nathaly , Ciriolo Maria Rosa , Ciccarone Fabio
Published: January 2025

Normal tissues typically maintain partial oxygen pressure within a range of 3–10% oxygen, ensuring homeostasis through a well-regulated oxygen supply and responsive vascular network. However, in solid tumors, rapid growth often outpaces angiogenesis, creating a hypoxic microenvironment that fosters tumor progression, altered metabolism and resistance to therapy. Hypoxic tumor regions experience uneven oxygen distribution with severe hypoxia in the core due to poor vascularization and high metabolic oxygen consumption. Cancer cells adapt to these conditions through metabolic shifts, predominantly relying on glycolysis, and by upregulating antioxidant defenses to mitigate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative damage. Hypoxia-induced ROS, resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction and enzyme activation, exacerbates genomic instability, tumor aggressiveness, and therapy resistance. Overcoming hypoxia-induced ROS cancer resistance requires a multifaceted approach that targets various aspects of tumor biology. Emerging therapeutic strategies target hypoxia-induced resistance, focusing on hypoxia-inducible factors, ROS levels, and tumor microenvironment subpopulations. Combining innovative therapies with existing treatments holds promise for improving cancer outcomes and overcoming resistance mechanisms.
Unveiling the Emerging Role of Xanthine Oxidase in Acute Pancreatitis: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Han Chenxia , Wu Yaling , Rong Juan , Xia Qing , Du Dan
Published: January 2025

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a potentially fatal acute digestive disease that is widespread globally. Although significant progress has been made in the previous decade, the study of mechanisms and therapeutic strategies is still far from being completed. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme that catalyzes hypoxanthine and xanthine to produce urate and is accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in purine catabolism. Considerable preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted over many decades to investigate the role of XO in the pathogenesis of AP and its potential targeting therapeutic value. There is no doubt that the ROS generated by irreversibly activated XO participates in the local pancreas and multiple organ failure during AP. However, the optimal timing and doses for therapeutic interventions targeting XO in animal studies and the clinic, as well as the additional molecular mechanisms through which XO contributes to disease onset and progression, including metabolic regulation, remain to be elucidated. This review summarized the benefits and contradictions of using XO inhibitors in animal models, offered mechanisms other than ROS, and discussed the difficulties faced in clinical trials. We hope to provide a perspective on the future worthwhile basic and clinical research on XO by analyzing its chemical and biological characteristics, as well as the progress of its regulatory mechanisms in AP.
Enhancement of Cognitive Benefits and Anti-Anxiety Effects of Phytolacca americana Fruits in a Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Model of Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment
Authors: Popovici Lucia-Florina , Brinza Ion , Gatea Florentina , Badea Georgiana Ileana , Vamanu Emanuel , Oancea Simona , Hritcu Lucian
Published: January 2025

Phytolacca americana fruits exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This study aims to investigate the phenolic profile of hydroethanolic extracts from both fresh (PEC) and dried (PEU) fruits of P. americana using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and to evaluate their impact on anxiety-like behavior, memory, oxidative stress, and cholinergic status in zebrafish (Danio rerio, Tübingen strain) treated with scopolamine (SCO, 100 μM). Acute administration of PEC and PEU (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/L) was conducted for one hour per day. In silico analyses were performed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the phenolic compounds discerned in the two extracts, using platforms such as SwissAdme, Molinspiration, ProToX-III, AdmetLab 3.0, PKCSM, and PASS. Anxiety-like behavior and memory performance were assessed through specific behavioral assays, including the novel tank test (NTT), light/dark test (LD), novel approach test (NAT), Y-maze, and novel object recognition (NOR). Subsequently, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the extent of oxidative stress in the zebrafish brain were investigated. Our findings suggest that both PEC and PEU possess anxiolytic effects, alleviating SCO-induced anxiety and enhancing cognitive performance in amnesic zebrafish. Furthermore, these extracts demonstrated the ability to mitigate cholinergic deficits by inhibiting AChE activity and supporting antioxidant defense mechanisms through increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced lipid and protein peroxidation. These results highlight the potential use of P. americana fruit extracts in managing anxiety and cognitive impairments related to dementia conditions.
An Analysis of the Impact of Digital Therapeutic Interventions on Attention and Working Memory in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Seon-Chil , Lee Hojun
Published: January 2025

Previous research has investigated non-pharmacological digital therapeutic interventions to improve compliance and reduce side effects in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication treatments for children. This study focuses on validating the effects of game-based intervention content for enhancing working memory and concentration. It tracks quantitative changes to evaluate improvements in concentration and working memory when digital game-based content is used as adjunct therapy alongside medication for children with ADHD. Thirty children participated; one group received digital therapeutic intervention based on game content alongside medication (experimental) and the other group received conventional treatments (control). The study results show that children with ADHD in the experimental group, who use digital game-based content, exhibit a reduction of 8.13 ± 6.71 points in the K-ARS total score at the fourth week compared to baseline, while the control group shows a reduction of 7.14 ± 8.73 points. Inattention decreases by 36.84% in the experimental group and 28.56% in the control group, while hyperactivity–impulsivity decreases by 50.71% in the experimental group and 34.00% in the control group. All the results are analyzed using a paired t-test between baseline and the fourth week. Significant decreases in the K-CBCL total problem behavior score and internalizing and externalizing behaviors are consistently observed at 28 days compared with baseline. The FAIR attention–concentration test results show significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the Q-percentile and Q-standard scores, with repeated measures ANOVA results showing p = 0.006 and p = 0.007, respectively. Digital content was shown to influence digital therapeutic intervention—a non-pharmacological treatment for ADHD.