bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Von der coactio hypothetica zum kategorischen Imperativ: Was Kants Autonomie-Lehre Achenwalls Naturrecht von 1755 verdankt
Authors: Ludwig Bernd
Published: December 2020

In the first edition of his textbook on Natural Law (1750), Achenwall advocates a theory of obligation which reveals that he was a Wolffian before he came from Halle via Marburg to Göttingen in 1748: Obligation is essentially the connection of a free action with a motive. With the third edition of the textbook (1755), Achenwall changes in terms of obligation theory to the camp of the Pufendorfians, who understood obligation essentially as a relationship between two wills, that of the obliged and that of a superior obligor (whereby in natural law God is this obligor). Achenwall herewith explicitly joins the Wolff-criticism of his Göttingen predecessor Gottlieb Samuel Treuer, who in turn followed Jean Barbeyrac. It is this ‘Pufendorfian’ Achenwall - but not the ‘Wolf­fian’ of 1750 - according to whose textbook Kant gives his lectures since the 1770s. However, in 1785, in the Groundwork, Kant replaces the divine will by the pure legis­lative will of the obligated person himself: Autonomy replaces Theonomy - and Wolff’s idiosyncratic concept of ‘obligation as motivation’ finally drops out of the game again.
Subjektive Wahrnehmung des Transformationsprozesses zwischen DDR und BRD im Genossenschaftswesen in den 1990er Jahren
Authors: Plehn Karin
Published: December 2020

Karin Plehn untersucht in ihrer historischen Arbeit die Erzählungen von Teilnehmern des Transformationsprozesses der Genossenschaftsbanken in der Wendezeit von DDR zu BRD. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung stehen die Bewältiguntsstrategien der Mitarbeiter. Obwohl sie in der Regel großen Belastungen ausgesetzt waren, zählten sie nicht zu den Verlierern des Transformationsprozesses, konnten sie doch Arbeitsplätze erhalten. Karin Plehn untersucht ebenfalls die Zusammenarbeit mit den Genossenschaften und ihren Verbänden aus dem kreditwirtschaftlichen Bereich aus der BRD in personeller und finanzieller Hinsicht und bewertet den Erfolg der Maßnahmen und Ergebnisse.
Relationship Between Paraoxonase-1 Activity and Pulse Pressure Index in Patients with a Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: OZTURK Onder
Published: December 2020

Objectives: Stroke is a multifactorial disease. Oxidative stress and blood pressure were found to be closely related with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) has been considered as an anti-atherosclerosis factor. Increased pulse pressure (PP) may lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, there are limitations for PP as an evaluation index. In order to overcome the defects of PP, there is a novel parameter, “pulse pressure/systolic pressure” called “pulse pressure index (PPI)” for evaluation of cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated the association between Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activities and pulse pressure index (PPI) in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Methods: We evaluated and compared the PON-1 activity and PPI in 46 ischemic stroke patients and 32 control patients. PON1 activitity was measured with UV spectrophotometric method by using “Rel Assay Diagnostic” kits. Pulse pressure was calculated by subtraction of diastolic blood pressure from systolic blood pressure. PPI was calculated “pulse pressure / systolic pressure”.

Results: Hypertension, age, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia signficantly higher in ischemic stroke patients than control group (p
Comparison of ventricular repolarization parameters including Tp-e, Tp-e/QTc, JTc and JTd during low-flow and high-flow desflurane anesthesia in gynecologic laparoscopic surgery
Authors: KAYA UĞUR Berna
Published: December 2020

Objectives: Low-flow anesthesia (LFA) gained reasonable popularity as it provides many advantages including physiological, ecological, economical issues. Desflurane is a preferable anesthetic in low-flow anesthesia practice however, the relation between QTc, QTd, and QTcd prolongation and management of anesthesia with desflurane has been previously demonstrated. We aimed to compare the effects of low-flow (LFA) and high-flow (HFA) desflurane anesthesia on hemodynamic changes and ventricular repolarization markers in gynecologic laparoscopy.

Methods: 58 patients were randomized into group L (LFA, n=30) and group H (HFA, n=28). ECG was recorded before anesthesia and 60th minute of anesthesia in both groups.

Results: JTc-0 values were lower than JTc-1 values within both group L and H (p=0.001 for both groups). JTcd-0 and JTd-1 values were lower than JTcd-1 within group H (p=0.042 and 0.002, respectively). QTc-0 values were lower than QTc-1 within both group L and group H (p=0.001 and 0.002, respectively). QTcd-0 values were lower than QTcd-1 within group H (p=0.021). QTd-0 values were lower than QTd-1 within-group H (p=0.026). Tpe-0 and Tpe-1 values were lower in group L (p=0.001 and 0.002 respectively). Also, JTc-0 values were lower than JTc-1 values within both group L and H (p=0.021 and 0.027, respectively). Tpe/QTc-1 ratio was significantly lower in group L (p= 0.010). The difference between Tpe/QTc-0 and Tpe/QTc-1 ratios within group H was significant (p=0.028).

Conclusion: Our study showed that there was no significant difference between LFA and HFA in terms of ECG repolarization markers, which may predict the possibility of torsadogenity.
The Role Of Breast-Conserving Surgery In The Treatment Of Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: ÇİFTCİ Fatih
Published: December 2020

Objective: In the treatment of early-stage breast cancer, breast-conserving surgical treatment has been increasingly used. In our study, we investigated the survival efficacy in the long-term follow-up of breast-conserving surgical treatment in patients without axillary lymph node metastasis.

Method: Thirty-nine patients without axillary lymph node metastasis who had undergone surgery for infiltrating ductal breast cancer between 2009 and 2018 were recordedin the research. Of these patients, 23 (58.9%) undergo MRM (modified radical mastectomy)and 16 (41.0%) undergo BCS (breast-conserving surgery). All of the patients who underwent BCS were given radiotherapy, and the patients with T2 and T3 tumors in two groups were given adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonotherapy according to receptor status. The patients were followed up by physical examination and imaging methods every three months in the first two years and then every six months.

Results: All patients were followed up during the study (6 - 96 months). There was not variations between the 2 groups in terms of patient age, tumor localization, menopausal status, and the number of lymph nodes dissected. Local recurrence was detected in 1 (6.2%) patient who underwent BCS and was treated with a total mastectomy. In another patient, lung and liver metastases were detected in the 7th year. Infiltrative ductal carcinoma of the contralateral breast was detected in 3 (13%) patients who underwent MRM between 12-24 months. No patients were lost in either group.

Conclusion: In patients with early breast cancer, BCS was found to be disease-free and as safe as MRM surgeries for overall survival.
The Effect of Health Problems at Birth on Breastfeeding: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Third Step Hospital
Authors: AKBAYRAM Hatice Tuba
Published: December 2020

Objective: The health status at birth can affect infant’s ability to start suckling and the breastfeeding process. The aim of this study is to compare the process of starting and continuing breastfeeding of healthy babies and infants born with health problems and also to evaluate the effect of health problems at birth on breastfeeding.

Method: 460 mothers with infants between 6-24 months of age who admitted to the pediatric outpatient clinics were enrolled in the study.

Results: It was found that 19.2% health problems at birth. Among healthy babies the rate of breastfeeding as first nutrition and breastfeeding in first hour after delivery was found to be 82% and 67% respectively. These rates were 49.5% and 32.3% in infants born with health problems, respectively (p
Obsesif Kompulsif Bozuklukta Travmatik Yaşantılar
Authors: KORKMAZ Sevda
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, obsesif kompulsif bozukluğu olan hastaların geçmiş yaşam öykülerindeki travmatik yaşantılarının varlığı ve bunların obsesyon ve kompulsiyon türleri ile olabilecek ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntemler: Son 3 ay içerisinde psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran ve çalışma ölçütlerine uyan, obsesif kompulsif bozukluk (OKB) tanısı almış, 48 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastalara Eksen I Bozuklukları için Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Çizelgesi (SCID-5), Yale-Brown Obsesyon Kompulsiyon Derecelendirme Ölçeği (Y-BOCS), Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ) ve Travmatik Yaşantılar Ölçeği (TEC) uygulandı. İstatistiksel analizler için SPSS versiyon 22 paket programı kullanıldı. Testler arasında pozitif ya da negatif bir ilişkinin olup olmadığı Pearsen korelasyon analizi yapılarak değerlendirildi. p
Pandemi Döneminde COVID-19 Kliniği ile Başvuran ve Tesadüfen Tespit Edilen AIDS Olgusu
Authors: AKGÜL Fethiye
Published: December 2020

Pneumocystis pnömonisi (PCP), Pneumocystis jirovecii mantarının neden olduğu ciddi bir fırsatçı enfeksiyondur. Bununla birlikte, 31 Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Wuhan eyaletinde etiyolojisi bilinmeyen pnömoni vakalarının tanınmasını takiben, hastalarda şiddetli akut solunum sendromu koronavirüs 2019’un (SARS-CoV-2) saptanması, yeni bir koronavirüs türünü ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu virüsün neden olduğu hastalık daha sonra Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından COVID-19 (Coronavirus hastalığı 2019) olarak adlandırılmıştır. Klinik pratikte, her iki enfeksiyonda (PCP ve COVID-19) da ateş, nefes darlığı ve bilateral akciğer parankiminde pnömonik infiltrasyonla uyumlu radyolojik bulgularla karşılaşmaktayız. 11 Mayıs 2020 itibariyle, COVID-19 salgını beş kıtada 198 ülkeyi ve yaklaşık 4.239.167 kişiyi etkilemiştir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü 20 Mart 2020 tarihinde pandemi ilan etmiştir.

Pandemi döneminde ateş ve solunum sıkıntısı ile gelen her hastada öncelikle COVID-19 düşünülmeli ve daha ileri tetkikler yapılmalıdır. 22 yaşında erkek hasta bu dönemde 2 gündür olan ateş ve solunum sıkıntısı şikayeti ile başvurdu. Fizik muayenesinde ateşi 38,3oC idi ve akciğer oskültasyonunda ince bilateral ralleri vardı. Laboratuvar testlerinde ise kan glukoz seviyesi 100 mg/dl, serum kreatinin seviyesi 0,59 mg/dl, AST 46 U/L, ALT 17 U/L, LDH 1102 U/L, CRP 62 mg/L, D-dimer 954 mg/L, lökosit sayısı 12.410 /mm3 (%87,6 nötrofil; %6,8 lenfosit), hemoglobin 11.9 g/dl ve trombosit sayısı 258000 /mm3 idi. Toraks bilgisayarlı tomografisinde (BT) her iki akciğerde, daha belirgin olarak sol tarafta ve alt loblarda yamalı buzlu cam dansiteli alanlar izlendi. Hasta COVID-19 ön tanısı ile interne edildi ve sonrasında Anti-HIV testi pozitif çıktı. Klinik, laboratuvar ve radyolojik incelemelere dayanarak hem COVID-19 hem de PCP tedavilerini olgumuza uyguladık. Sonunda iyileştikten sonra taburcu edildi. Pandemi sırasında sadece SARS-COV-2 değil, aynı zamanda akciğer enfeksiyonlarına neden olabilecek diğer infeksiyöz etkenler de göz ardı edilmemeli ve ayırıcı tanıda hepsi düşünülmelidir.
DISCOURSE REFLEXIVITY IN WRITTEN ACADEMIC ENGLISH AS LINGUA FRANCA: CODE GLOSSES IN RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors: Guziurová Tereza
Published: December 2020

There is probably no doubt that English is a lingua franca of academia nowadays. Previous research has shown that one of the tendencies observed in academic English as Lingua Franca (ELF) speech is enhanced explicitness (Mauranen 2012). A common manifestations of explicitation is discourse reflexivity (Mauranen 2017), making discourse organisation more visible and enhancing the clarity in the contexts where interlocutors do not share a common linguistic and/or cultural background. Drawing on these findings this paper aims to investigate reflexive phenomena in written academic ELF, namely in the SciELF corpus. The corpus consists of research articles written by L2 users of English, which have not undergone any professional proofreading. The paper focuses on one reflexive category, code glosses, which “supply additional information by rephrasing, explaining or elaborating what has been said” (Hyland 2005: 52). The findings are compared with the corpus of published research articles written by Anglophone writers, which has been designed on the basis of SciELF. The results reveal significant differences in the frequency and functions of several code glosses, but at the same time show the importance of discourse reflexivity in both corpora.
PROTEST AMERICAN ENGLISH INFLUENCE OR PROTEST AGAINST IT? CHANGING PREPOSITIONS IN NIGERIAN TWITTER ENGLISH
Authors: Hofmann Matthias
Published: December 2020

According to Alo and Mesthrie (2008), Nigerian English (NigE) becomes increasingly more influenced by American English (AmE), due to contact with American-trained professionals among other factors (cf. Gut 2008, Jowitt 1991). The online micro-blogging service Twitter offers potential communication with a vast number of English natives around the globe, using English in a vernacular usage domain, among other domains (or genres such as a news tweet vs a private tweet). With its foundation in 2006, Twitter is a new communication technology, which may indicate that it is used predominantly by “younger” urban people, and which may influence linguistic choices. The question I attempt to answer is whether Twitter influences NigE such that the British English (BrE) heritage of the country is contested by AmE influence. In this paper, I focus on the usage of prepositions and orthographic realizations of lemmata ending in -o(u)r, which can be categorized as BrE and AmE origin, respectively, in a NigE Twitter Corpus compiled in 2016-17 (13 mill. words). These features’ frequencies are contrasted with those of the Nigerian component of GloWbE (Davies 2013). Results from chi-squared tests suggest that AmE prepositions increasingly enter NigE Twitter discourse. Differences in spelling tend towards American English, but are not statistically significant. The only exception is the lemma labour, which is more often used in its British English spelling variant (χ2 = 26.30; df = 1; p one-tailed < 0.001).
Genes are the New Black
Authors: Harwood William H. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2020

Although there is much discussion in scientific and law journals regarding direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTCGT), there is a paucity of philosophical-ethical examination of how such services threaten to repeat the essentialist, racial-projects of the past. On the one hand, testing for ancestry can be cathartic: for those lacking familial history as to when and how they came to be where they are, DTCGT can offer powerful access to their lineage and identity-formation. On the other hand, DTCGT inevitably reinscribes problematic epistemologies of race—even when the companies claim that their tests can be tools to combat white supremacy. Tracing the roots of biological essentialism back to Aristotle, through the invention of raza as cocreator of modernity, and up to critical race theories today, provides a strong foundation to examine the nascent race-thinking underlying DTCGT. Borrowing heavily from Paul Taylor and Charles Mills, but also enlisting scholars from other disciplines, such as Ifeoma Ajunwa (law), Alondra Nelson (sociology), and Troy Duster (genetics), provides the broad scope necessary for thoughtful, agile engagement of that which is ameliorative, unethical, and even dangerous—for all of us—in the age of 23andMe.
Training neural networks using reinforcement learning to reactive path planning
Authors: Calderón Milton , Casallas Esperanza
Published: December 2020

The mobile robots are devices with great boom given the possibilities that their utilities offer, and to a greater extent, those freelancers who do not require an operator to perform their functions. In order to consolidate the autonomy it is necessary to generate a system of planning of ways that allows a viable route and as far as possible optimal. This study develops a reactive two-dimensional path planning method with neural networks trained under the reinforcement learning method. The complexity of the scenario between the initial and final point is due to warning and forbidden obstacle zones, and the experimentation is carried out on different neural network architectures, each one as an agent of the learning-by-reinforcement algorithm, being these DQN and DDQN types. The best results are obtained with the DDQN training, reaching the objective in 89% in the validation episodes, although the DQN method shows to be 15.63% faster in its success cases. This work was carried out within the research group DIGITI of the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas.
The relationships between compressive strength and density of polystyrene lightweight concrete and their component ratios
Authors: Al-Lami Salman , Al-Saadi Emad
Published: December 2020

The research deals with the compressive strength and density of lightweight concrete, made from polystyrene, cement, sand and water. This type of lightweight concrete is characterized by good thermal insulation, low density and good compressive strength and it is used as a lining material in inclination surfaces and in the production of unloaded building units and elements. The aim of this paper is to suggest mathematical relationships between compressive strength, density and mix proportions. An intensive experimental program has been implemented for this purpose. The investigated variables were the mix proportions, namely, polystyrene to cement ratio (P/C), sand to cement ratio (S/C) and water to cement ratio (W/C). Sixty mixes were produced and tested using five polystyrene to cement ratios (P/C), 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06 four sand to cement ratios (S/C), 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 , and three water to cement ratios (W/C), 0.35, 0.40, 0.45. From the test results, mathematical relationships were suggested that can be of use in determining mix proportions of polystyrene lightweight concrete based on the required compressive strength or based on the required dry density.
ACCURACY AND PREDICTIVE CAPABILITY OF BODY MASS INDEX IN EVALUATION OF OBESITY AND BODY FATNESS LEVEL IN POLICE OFFICERS
Authors: Kukic Filip , Dawes Jay , Joyce Jillian , Čvorović Aleksandar , Dopsaj Milivoj
Published: December 2020

This study evaluated the accuracy and predictive value of body mass index (BMI) in evaluation of obesity and body fatness. Data on BMI and percent body fat (PBF) were collected on 953 male police officers who were allocated into age groups: 20-29 years, 30-39 years, and 40-49 years. BMI > 30.0 kg/m2 and PBF > 25% were classified as obese, and those with lower values were classified as non-obese. Chi-square was used to evaluate the accuracy in classification in obese and non-obese when officers’ BMI was matched to PBF. Pearson’s correlation and linear regression analyses determined the prediction value of BMI. Chi-square revealed significant difference in obesity prevalence when evaluated by BMI and PBF, with classification accuracy of 44.5%-71.8%, depending on age. BMI had moderate prediction value of body fatness. If the assessment of PBF is not attainable, BMI needs to be used carefully as it is likely to underestimate obesity among police officers.
Encontros, embates e engajamentos: professores e professoras de história em uma comunidade do facebook
Authors: Portela Cristiane de Assis , Ulhoa Clarissa Adjuto , Correia Iara Toscano
Published: December 2020

Este artigo propõe analisar as formas de interação construídas entre professores da educação básica em uma comunidade virtual fechada do Facebook, intitulada “Ensino Dinâmico de História”. Nela, estão inscritos e interagem mais de 24 mil profissionais da História que atuam em diferentes etapas do ensino, no âmbito das redes pública e privada de educação, oriundos de diferentes regiões e contextos do Brasil. Argumentamos que a comunidade pode ser encarada como um espaço informal de formação continuada de historiadores que atuam na educação básica brasileira, indicando potencialidades para a constituição de "comunidades de experiência" em torno do conhecimento histórico. Elegendo os eixos encontros, embates e engajamentos, optamos metodologicamente pela construção de uma etnografia da prática escolar, mas nesse caso, tendo como lócus uma plataforma digital. Procuramos, primeiramente, compreender mecanismos que os professores acionam para construir formas de colaboração mútua no âmbito dessa comunidade virtual. Em seguida, buscamos entender se os docentes demonstram dissensões teóricas e políticas, percebendo em que termos tais divergências se manifestam nos diferentes diálogos postados. Demonstrando que a comunidade funciona como um espaço em que os professores compartilham estratégias metodológicas diversas, buscamos argumentar como esses debates se situam entre perspectivas críticas e um reforço da “técnica pela técnica”.
Palavras-chave: Professores de História. Ensino e Aprendizagem em História. Formação Continuada Docente. Comunidade Virtual. Bell Hooks
A survey of Lepturinae Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of the south-eastern Baltic region (Lithuania and the Kaliningrad Region)
Authors: Tamutis Vytautas , Alekseev Vitalii
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the first review of the composition and distribution of the species Lepturinae Latreille, 1802 subfamily (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the south-eastern Baltic region. A total of more than 3,000 records have been analyzed and more than 4,600 specimens collected since 1888 have been examined. The subfamily is confirmed to be represented by four tribes, 26 genera, and 38 species in the region. Previous records (published notifications) of seven species – Alosterna ingrica (Baeckmann), Brachyta interrogationis russica (Herbst), Euracmaeops marginatus (F.), Gnathacmaeops pratensis (Laichart.), Pachytodes erraticus (Dalman), Rhagium bifasciatum F. and Stictoleptura v. variicornis (Dalman) – were not confirmed in the region. The information on the distribution, frequency, and some features of ecology and zoogeography of 51 species found and expected to be found in the region is confirmed and detailed in the paper. Local temporal and geographical distributions of 36 species are mapped.
REQUIRED EFFORT FOR SHAFT/RING SETTING ACCORDING TO ROUGHNESS DUE TO CNC LATHE MACHINING
Authors: SALGADO CRUZ MANUEL , CORTES GARCIA CLAUDIA , SLAWOMIR SZWEDOWICZ DARIUSZ , MARTINEZ RAYON ELADIO , ESTRADA BARBOSA QUIRINO , BLANCO ORTEGA ANDRES
Published: December 2020

The shaft/hub joints use the difference in diameters to make the assembly, either by pressure or by temperature. In this investigation, a study was made of the effect of roughness in an assembly, represented by the inner ring of a bearing whose internal diameter is taken as a fixed reference, with different shafts. The shafts were machined on a CNC lathe at different feed rates for each. These variations modified the size of the surface roughness and were performed to determine the effect of roughness on tolerances. Compression assembly-disassembly tests were performed with the bearing and arrows at the shaft/ring joints to determine maximum force.
A model was developed by the MEF finite element method of the shaft/ring draft. The surfaces in contact were plotted smooth, to determine the interference value that represents the roughness obtained from turning. To validate the model, contact pressure and extraction force results were compared with the thick wall cylinder theory. The results obtained demonstrate that a greater surface roughness obtained by varying the feed rate during the machining of the arrow on the lathe, contributes to the increase in the load capacity of this type of joint. Finally, based on the tests carried out, a modification was proposed in the adjustment contact pressure equation to consider this trend.

Keywords: press-fit joints, turning process, feed rate, surface roughness, loading and unloading, mechanical contact, friction.
INFLUENCING TECHNOLOGY SUCCESS BY OPEN INNOVATION
Authors: CARRANZA RUIZ DE LOIZAGA GARAZI , ZAMANILLO ELGUEZABAL IBON
Published: December 2020

The study represents the best opportunity to positively influence the outcome of the project, combining Open Innovation with PMBOK in the Front End phase of R&D projects. For that purpose, using both quantitative and qualitative research methods the paper analyses the R&D practices of 60 Spanish companies.

Keywords: Open Innovation, Front-End Phase, Project Management.
INTERFACE DESIGN AND ITS IMPACT ON SOFTWARE APPROPRIATION
Authors: MAZMELA ETXABE MAITANE , LASA ERLE GANIX , APRAIZ IRIARTE AINHOA
Published: December 2020

Surrounding oneself with personal devices and interacting with services associated with information technology has become commonplace for people. From the user's point of view, successfully adopting these technologies can be important in order to integrate and participate in changing society.
PROFIL GELATINISASI DAN KOMPONEN ANTIOKSIDAN TEPUNG KETAN HITAM TERMODIFIKASI DENGAN ANNEALING
Authors:   Program Studi Magister Ilmu Pangan, Sekolah Pascasarjana, IPB University, Bogor, Rasyda Riezka Zuhriatika , Muhandri Tjahja , Budijanto Slamet ,   Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, IPB University, Bogor
Published: December 2020

This research aims to study and characterize the effect of the annealing conditions (temperature and heating duration) on the gelatinization profile and antioxidant components of annealing-modified black glutinous rice flour (ABGRF). This experiment used a 2x3 factorial design consisted of temperature factor (54 and 58°C) and heating duration factor (4, 5, and 6 hours) with 2 replications. Research results showed that both factors and their interactions significantly affected all parameters of the gelatinization profile and antioxidant component of ABGRF (except through viscosity). Compared to its native, ABGRF showed an increase in peak viscosity, through viscosity (except treatment 54°C:5 hours), peak time and pasting tem-perature, indicated ABGRF resistance improvement to the heating process. Generally, the temperature treatment increment increased breakdown, setback, and final viscosity, but the heating duration increment decreased those values. The variation of ABGRF gelatinization profiles increased the diversification potential of BGRF-based food products. Annealing caused an overall decrease in ABGRF antioxidant ability. ABGRF produced by 54°C:4 hours treatment had the highest amount of antioxidant components (total anthocyanins contents 103.78±2.24 mg C3GE/100 g, total phenolic compounds 241.65±1.98 mg GAE/100 g, DPPH 267.14± 3.23 mg AAE/100 g, FRAP 473.94±1.43 mg AAE/100 g), thus using it as ingredients in functional food is more recommended, especially as composite flour for bread and cake.
KONSENTRASI ASAM ASETAT MEMENGARUHI KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA PATI SAGU IHUR TERASETILASI
Authors:   Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Polnaya Febby J. , Hilda Hilda , Lopulalan Cynthia G.C. ,   Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon
Published: December 2020

Native ihur sago starch is a starch from Maluku and to date there is no report on its physicochemical properties. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of acetic acid concentration on the physicochemical properties of the native ihur sago starch. The starch was acetylated at different acetic acid concentrations, i.e., 0, 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5%. The acetylation was carried out by reacting ihur sago starch solution (100 g in 225 mL water) with acetic acid under alkaline condition. The acetyl group, degree of substitution (DS), water solubility, swelling power, paste clarity, and water, ash and amylose contents of the acetylated starch were measured. The study was conducted in three replications of non-factorial experiments using a completely randomized design. Starch modification through acetic acid addition produced ihur sago starch with different physicochemical characteristics from that of its native form. The acetylation caused the hydroxyl group in the starch to be substituted by acetyl group at concentration of 1.336-1.850% and DS range of 0.026-0.046, whilst no acetyl group was detected in its native starch. Acetylation increased the starch ash content from 0.46% to 0.50-0.57%, amylose content from 28.86% to 29.73-31.46%, solubility from 12.83% to 14.20-25.20%, swelling power from 18.51 g/g to 16.74-28.24 g/g and paste clarity from 93.07%T650 to 93.50-94.13%T650. In addition, acetylation at 0.5% increased the water content of the starch while higher concentration of acetylation could decrease its water content.
FRAKSI PEPTIDA ANTIOKSIDAN DARI KASEIN SUSU KAMBING
Authors:   Progam Studi Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknobiologi, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Tangerang, Banten, Lestari Diana , Evan Joshua ,   Progam Studi Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknobiologi, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Tangerang, Banten, Suhartono Maggy Thenawidjaja ,   Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, IPB University, Bogor
Published: December 2020

Milk bioactive peptides are derivative of milk protein produced either through enzymatic activity, digestive processes, or fermentation, that give functional properties. The study aimed to obtain bioactive peptides fraction derived from goat’s milk casein through hydrolysis by papain, analyze the profiles of protein and peptides, and also test the antioxidative activity. The casein isolate was hydrolyzed by papain in a ratio of 100: 0.5 (v/v) at pH 7.0 and 50ºC. Analysis of protein concentration was carried out by the Bradford method and protein profile by SDS-PAGE. Antioxidant assay was carried out by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. A 1,000 ppm ascorbic acid solution was used as positive control. Peptide fractionation was done by membrane filtration with a cut off of 10 kD and 30 kDa. The protein concentration of casein hydrolysates decreased significantly after hydrolysis process with papain. The electrophoresis results showed six protein bands in casein with molecular weight of 7-33 kDa. After the hydrolysis process, all hydrolysates only contained two protein bands with molecular weights of 8 and 5 kDa. The hydrolysis process increased the antioxidant activity of the casein. P0 and P2 hydrolysates had the highest antioxidant activity, and fractions with the highest antioxidant activity were fraction <10 kDa from P0 hydrolysate at 67.89% and 10-30 kDa from P2 hydrolysate at 73.82%. Molecular weight and hydrolysis time affected the antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates. Peptides below 30 kDa have antioxidant activity, whereas those above 30 kDa do not have any antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of the peptides decreases upon hydrolysis for more then 2 minutes.
Cíborgs: res ipsa loquitur
Authors: Puig Hernández Marc Abraham
Published: December 2020

En el presente trabajo analizamos el daño desproporcionado sobre la naturaleza humana causado por el fenómeno cíborg a través de su encaje en la regla res ipsa loquitur, o la cosa habla por sí sola. Por un lado, fundamentamos lo que denominados naturaleza humana haciendo referencia a las iguales capacidades humanas, necesarias en el cumplimiento de funciones vitales. Por otro, esta regla recibe también el nombre de daño desproporcionado y su teoría vincula el resultado causado sobre la cosa con la lex artis de una profesión, de ahí que, para su análisis jurídico, hayamos optado por el ámbito sanitario
Libertad de conciencia, integración e inmigración. Lecciones desde el Reino Unido
Authors: Celador Angón Oscar
Published: December 2020

Resumen: El presente estudio analiza las principales políticas públicas y la legislación británica en el contexto migratorio, desde la perspectiva del derecho de la población inmigrante a ejercer su derecho a la libertad de pensamiento, conciencia y religión. El interés de conocer el modelo británico reside en que éste se ha caracterizado tradicionalmente por la recepción de potentes flujos migratorios, procedentes principalmente de Europa y de sus antiguas colonias, así como por su dilatada experiencia gestionando una de las diversidades culturales y religiosas más grandes de Europa.
A glimpse of the limits of the European economic governance through the legislative and jurisprudential route of the "after-Weimar" German "economic constitution"
Authors: Censi Damiano
Published: December 2020

The aim of this research is to reconstruct the actual limits of the legal framework of the management of public finances in the European Monetary Union, using the perspective of the path of the after-Weimar” German “economic constitution”. The EU federative process doesn’t present the same legal characteristics of any other, including the German one.  Nevertheless, some problems are necessarily similar, and similar solutions may be found. Consequently, this paper focuses on the succession of reforms in European economic governance since 2008 analyzing, in particular, the theme of sharing debt liabilities at a European level trough the dialogue between the Bundesverfassungsgericht and the EU institution.
Reformulaciones recientes de la autonomía individual liberal: autonomías relacionales, no soberanas y vulnerabilidad
Authors: Sáenz María Jimena
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo propone un recorrido por tres vías que pueden identificarse en el panorama actual como reformulaciones de la autonomía liberal tradicional que intentan renovar las discusiones que tuvieron fuerza en la década del 80. Se plantean entonces en primer lugar, los rasgos comunes de estas propuestas, los puntos en los que focalizan sus críticas y su diferencia con los embates que la autonomía liberal recibió en el pasado.Luego se analizan brevemente las tres formas de reconceptualizar la autonomía: la autonomía relacional, no soberana, y las teorías que enfatizan la vulnerabilidad humana.
Tortura y malos tratos en la España democrática
Authors: Ribotta Silvina
Published: December 2020

La tortura en la España contemporánea y democrática es una realidad preocupante, como lo muestran Informes de los más relevantes organismos internacionales en la lucha y prevención de la tortura, como el Comité Europeo para la Prevención de la tortura del Consejo de Europa, ONG, sentencias internas del Estado español y, gravemente, sentencias del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Estas condenas a España del TEDH se producen por la violación del artículo 3 del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos, por no realizar de manera exhaustiva y adecuada las investigaciones ante denuncias por malos tratos y torturas, y la última condena también por tratos inhumanos. Realidades que ponen al desnudo graves situaciones que exigen respuestas democráticas urgentes con acciones políticas, jurídicas y sociales directas e inmediatas, que impliquen contundente rechazo a las mismas y condena a sus responsables.
La construcción de la ciudadanía en la formación inicial del profesorado de Educación Infantil
Authors: García Pérez Francisco Florentino , Burgos Sánchez María , Fernández Alicia Guerrero
Published: December 2020

Los graves problemas sociales y ambientales de nuestro mundo exigen un modelo de educación para una ciudadanía global, participativa y crítica. Para ello es necesaria una formación del futuro profesorado como educadores en ciudadanía, desarrollando la concienciación en relación con esos problemas y las actitudes de compromiso social, con un modelo didáctico que propicie la construcción de dicho modelo de ciudadanía en su futuro alumnado. Sobre esta fundamentación, se desarrolla una investigación cualitativa, mediante entrevistas grupales, que analiza el proceso de construcción de la ciudadanía en estudiantes del grado de Maestro en Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Sevilla, en el marco de una asignatura de educación para la ciudadanía. Los resultados muestran una evolución de la concepción de ciudadanía en los estudiantes hacia un modelo más participativo y vinculado al compromiso social. Un factor importante de esa evolución ha sido el modelo didáctico aplicado por el docente universitario
Hablantes de herencia en un programa de inmersión: Diseño de herramientas de evaluación inicial
Authors: Vega-Díez Marta , Martinez Arbelaiz Asuncion
Published: December 2020

Resumen: La creciente pesencia de hablantes de herencia en los programas de español como segunda lengua de España nos ha hecho percatarnos de las necesidades de este tipo de alumno. Por ello, resumimos las investigaciones y reflexiones que se han llevado a cabo en diferentes universidades estadounidenses sobre los hablantes de herencia en clases universitarias, enfocándonos en las pruebas de clasificación. En primer lugar, definimos el perfil del hablante de herencia, haciendo énfasis en sus fortalezas y debilidades lingüísticas y destacando lo que lo distingue de un alumno de español como segunda lengua. A continuación, describimos los intentos que se han hecho en diferentes universidades con una presencia importante de alumnado latino por diseñar, pilotar y administrar exámenes de clasificación exclusivos para este alumnado. Concluimos reflexionado sobre qué tipo de prueba de clasificación ofrecería la correcta ubicación de los hablantes de herencia en los programas de inmersión.
La innovación educativa en la evolución de las profesiones. El caso de las Ciencias Laborales. Reflexiones y avances
Authors: Calvo Palomares Ricard , Rodríguez del Pino Juan Antonio
Published: December 2020

Las profesiones están en continuo cambio y adaptación, y ello requiere de un permanente ajuste de las competencias que los/las profesionales precisan en cada momento. La Universidad actual debe asumir un papel activo que permita dicho ajuste. Es por tanto necesario que el estamento universitario tenga un amplio conocimiento de la realidad de la profesión, así como incorporar a sus dinámicas estas necesidades. En el presente texto proponemos una aproximación a la realidad de la profesión de Graduado Social –egresado/a actual en Ciencias Laborales -como contexto de estudio, planteando el papel que la Universidad debería asumir en la actualidad como uno de sus elementos constitutivos. La importancia de los procesos de innovación docente como elementos necesarios para la mejora de la profesión. Muestra la experiencia de innovación docente desarrollada desde INVESLAB (Grupo de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Laborales de la Universitat de València), que ha propiciado la puesta en marcha de la Red Interuniversitaria de Innovación Docente en Ciencias Laborales. Red que ha superado el quehacer docente de una única universidad, que ha ido sumando profesorado de universidades de todo el territorio nacional (en la actualidad reúne un total de 53 profesores/as de 16 universidades distintas), y que busca, también, la colaboración con entidades de carácter profesional.
Propedéutica y práctica de la investigación según los programas de Metodología en carreras de Sociología en Argentina y otros países latinos
Authors: Seid Gonzalo , Abiuso Federico Luis
Published: December 2020

Los programas de materias de Metodología de la Investigación en carreras universitarias de grado en Sociología, principalmente de Argentina (2018), constituyen el objeto de análisis del presente artículo. Partiendo de interrogantes en torno a los modos en que se enseña a investigar, se escogió analizar programas en tanto documentos que cristalizan y brindan indicios de prácticas y discursos formativos. Si bien los programas distan de las prácticas en las aulas, ofrecen información significativa y permiten ampliar la muestra respecto a la observación in situ. Los resultados del relevamiento se organizaron en dos ejes: las variantes en las propuestas de enseñanza y las maneras de entender las prácticas de investigación. En el corpus analizado se encontró que existe un amplio consenso en el plano discursivo en torno a la idea “Se aprende a investigar investigando”. Sin embargo, el grado y las modalidades de aplicación práctica de los conocimientos conceptuales parecen diferir según los temas que se requiera enseñar. Las técnicas y operaciones más concretas son las que aparecen más ligadas a la puesta en práctica, pero no siempre las técnicas se enseñan enmarcándolas en una investigación completa. En el artículo se señala la importancia de las distin- tas maneras de entender qué es la investigación y qué es una práctica. Se concluye que, al existir mandatos contradictorios para la enseñanza de metodología de la investigación social, los diversos abordajes docentes reflejan esas tensiones y resuelven de distintas formas los desafíos.
El Texto Guía como recurso didáctico en la enseñanza universitaria
Authors: Serrano Sánchez José Luis , González Catalayud Víctor , Román García María del Mar
Published: December 2020

En este estudio se analiza el impacto de un material docente llamado Texto Guía en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje dentro de una asignatura del Grado de Primaria de la Universidad de Murcia (España). Para ello, elaboramos un cuestionario ad hoc compuesto por 30 preguntas estilo Likert de 5 opciones, que fue validado mediante la técnica juicio de expertos. Las dimensiones de análisis fueron: el uso del Texto guía, su contenido y las actividades realizadas. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes valoran positivamente el uso, la estructura y la utilidad del Texto Guía para la preparación del examen, la realización de las tareas y la comprensión de los conceptos clave. Se observaron diferencias de género en relación con la utilidad de las rúbricas de evaluación puesto que las mujeres sí las encuentran útiles. Lo mismo sucede con las funciones de comprensión de conceptos y realización de tareas. Este trabajo puede contribuir al enriquecimiento de la convocatoria de Proyectos Textos Guía que publica cada año la Universidad de Murcia, ya que, por ejemplo, se ha analizado la estructura de este material, predefinida en la propia convocatoria.
A corta distancia. Proyectiles esféricos de la Acción de Las Useras, Castellón (17 de julio de 1839).
Authors: González García Clemente
Published: December 2020

Este artículo sintetiza uno de los capítulos de la Tesis doctoral del autor: “El Ejército del Centro en la provincia de Castellón. Historia militar y arqueología de los campos de batalla, en la Primera Guerra Carlista, (1833-1840).” En él se estudian y analizan los proyectiles esféricos documentados durante la prospección arqueológica realizada en el escenario de la sangrienta batalla de las Useras. Los materiales recuperados permiten situar con precisión el suceso histórico. Evidencian gran cantidad de disparos a corta y muy corta distancia y contribuyen a conocer mejor las causas de la derrota que sufrió el líder rebelde, Ramón Cabrera.
Estudio de las transformaciones del paisaje urbano de la civitas Igaeditanorum en la Antigüedad tardía (Idanha-a-Velha, Beira Baixa, Portugal)
Authors: Sánchez Ramos Isabel Maria
Published: December 2020

Desde 2012, un equipo interdisciplinar ha afrontado el estudio de la topografía urbana y del territorio de la antigua civitas Igaeditanorum que pertenecía a la provincia romana de Lusitania. El yacimiento fue excavado en la segunda mitad del pasado s. XX por el arqueólogo portugués Fernando de Almeida. El proyecto IdaVe ha buscado revitalizar la investigación de la ciudad romana durante la Antigüedad tardía, sin obviar otros períodos históricos, utilizando un enfoque arqueológico y amplio desde el punto de vista metodológico. El objetivo ha sido proporcionar coherencia a toda la información recabada en intervenciones previas, y realizar nuevas excavaciones para obtener contextos estratigráficos y cronológicos precisos. Todo ello ha permitido realizar análisis de arqueozoología, carpología, palinología y de argamasas.
La isla del Fraile: una nueva propuesta de investigación arqueológica (Águilas, España)
Authors: Quevedo Alejandro , Hernández García Juan de Dios
Published: December 2020

Entre los diferentes islotes del litoral de la Región de Murcia uno destaca por encima de todos por su valor histórico y ecológico: la isla del Fraile. Tradicionalmente vinculada a la explotación de los recursos haliéuticos durante la Antigüedad tardía, a finales del siglo XIX fue ocupada para el desarrollo de actividades industriales. Las evidencias arqueológicas sobre este interesante enclave costero son sin embargo escasas y desiguales. Con motivo de la preparación de un nuevo proyecto arqueológica en la isla, este breve artículo recoge la historia de la investigación. Se reestudian algunos materiales conocidos de antiguo y se presentan nuevos hallazgos. A su vez en el paper se reflexiona sobre los retos de intervenir en un espacio natural protegido, recientemente declarado Bien de Interés Cultural.
La ocupación campaniforme de El Arsenal (Elche, Alicante)
Authors: Serna Martínez Israel , García Atiénzar Gabriel
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados relacionados con los niveles prehistóricos documentados durante la excavación de urgencia desarrollada en la finca de El Arsenal (Elche, Alicante). Durante esta intervención se documentó una estructura de carácter doméstico a la cual se asociaban un conjunto de estructuras subsidiarias, así como diferentes artefactos que permiten definir las características de una unidad doméstica de cronología campaniforme, así como las relaciones mantenidas con su entorno más inmediato. Este conjunto de evidencias permite caracterizar, por primera vez, a las comunidades humanas asentadas en el Bajo Vinalopó a mediados del III milenio cal BC a partir de sólidas bases cronoestratigráficas.
UNDERSTANDING THE INITIAL RECTIONS OF TURKISH TWITTER USERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: NAZLI Azra K. , KOCAÖMER Celal , BEŞBUDAK Miray , KÖKER Nahit Erdem
Published: December 2020

This study aims to evaluate the initial reactions of Turkish social media users to the spread of the COVID-19 disease and the consequent pandemic in Turkey. The primary purpose of this investigation is to provide readers with an understanding of the transformative effects of social media on the dissemination of information and feelings, especially in moments of crisis. Content analysis approach was used for the analysis of the selected tweets with codes and themes. The themes broadly identified by the study included personal opinions, humour or sarcasm, requests and questions, emotional state, information sharing, marketing and spam. The initial reactions of Turkish Twitter users on COVID-19 related primarily to sharing personal thoughts, which included the articulation of personal opinions and the critique of the views of others. The second significant response thread involved humour and sarcasm. The third theme is requests and questions including warnings, suggestions, demands and questions.