bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Power (re)distribution: How dominant capital regained control of the Energiewende
Authors: Levi Tia , Israel Emil , Grubman Max
Published: August 2024

The Energiewende (energy transition) is the dynamic and contested project of energy transition in Germany. It encompasses both the sociotechnical transformation of the German electricity system and the reorganization of the sector’s ownership structure. In this paper, we present a Capital-as-Power (CasP) based analysis, investigating industrial path-dependency and innovation as part of the dialectics of power and sociotechnical change in capitalism. According to CasP, dominant capital seeks to increase its differential accumulation, i.e., accumulation relative to a benchmark. Energiewende policies initially decreased the differential accumulation of dominant electricity firms in Germany. However, we find that by concentrating their control over the shrinking conventional generation capacity, while variable generation expanded, dominant firms gained the leverage needed to increase differential prices and profits, thus managing to regain sectoral control by increasing their threat to reliable power supply. We find that these processes coincide with spatial centralization, ownership concentration, and decreasing penetration rates of renewable energy resources in Germany. By presenting new conceptual tools and empirical findings, we trace the ways in which the recovery of dominant capital in the German electricity sector shapes and restricts energy transition processes.
Development and application of a mechanical arm-based in situ 3D bioprinting method for the repair of skin wounds
Authors: Zhou Xue , Luo Yichen , Gao Yuanzhong , Ma Jien , Lin Cai , Zhou Xuhui , Li Qi , Yang Huayong , Zhang Bin
Published: August 2024

Current treatments for skin wounds typically involve multiple surgical procedures that require complex processes and expensive costs, making it difficult to achieve timely treatment in field environments. We developed an innovative in situ printing method, utilizing robotic arm control, to address the significant challenges of large-scale skin wound repair resulting from natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and explosions during relief efforts. Our portable 3D printing equipment, which integrates debridement, precise 3D scanning and modeling of wounds, and compatibility with cell-loaded bioink, facilitates rapid repair of large-area skin wounds in specialized field environments. Compared with traditional methods, this in situ printing method has significant advantages, including the ability to customize treatment according to the unique needs of the wound, achieve rapid healing, and the potential to reduce the total cost. We conducted experiments on rats with full-thickness dorsal skin defects and compared the performance of in situ bioprinting method with commercial skin defect repair dressings. Our results demonstrate that the in situ bioprinted skin achieved faster wound healing and more uniform re-epithelialization than the commercial dressing treatment. This study demonstrates the potential of in situ bioprinting method as a promising and effective strategy for rapid skin wound healing, especially for patients in remote environments where traditional wound treatment methods may not be readily available or practical.
The Effect of Oil-based Polymer Coated CAN Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Triticum aestivum L. and Brassica napus L.
Authors: Antošovský Jiří , Ryant Pavel , Kriška Tomáš , Kučera Milan , Škarpa Petr
Published: August 2024

The fertilization with nitrogen plays a crucial role in today’s agriculture characteristic with a high demand for production. The utilization of coated fertilizers represents a possible option to lower the number of applications, lower the dose and limit the risk of environmental losses. The effect of conventional calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) applied in a single application in blend (1:1 or 1:2) with oil-based polymer coated CAN in thicknesses of 4 (cCAN4) or 6% (cCAN6) by weight of the fertilizer on the yield and quality of winter wheat and oilseed rape was evaluate. The average yields of winter wheat were not significantly influenced by the examined fertilization in either the growing season (GS) or the experimental site. On the contrary, the qualitative parameters on average resulted in lower values in comparison with the control (split N fertilization), possibly due to the single application of nitrogen in early spring. The examined treatments significantly influenced the seed yield of oilseed rape in both GS and both experimental sites. On average, the highest yield of seed (2.8 t/ha) was observed on treatment cCAN4 in a 1:2 ratio. This represents a significant increase by 24.8% compared to the control (2.2 t/ha). Similarly, to winter wheat, the qualitative parameter of oilseed rape (oil content) was lower after the examined blends with coated CAN. The fertilization of oilseed rape with blends of uncoated and coated CAN applied in the single application is a validate alternative to commonly used split nitrogen doses applied repeatedly during vegetation.
Separation axioms on fuzzy neutrosophic bitopological spaces using fuzzy neutrosophic open sets
Authors: Miah Saikh Shahjahan , Lily Farhana Tabassum , Amin Md. Ruhul , Karim Rezaul , Akbar M. Ali
Published: August 2024

Indeterminacy, non-membership and membership, have been studied in a neutrosophic set (NS). Using the notion of NS, neutrosophic topological space (NTS) and neutrosophic bitopological spaces have been developed. The well-known properties (separation axioms) of neutrosophic $${\text{T}}_{i}$$

T
i

-topological and bitopological spaces $$(i=0, 1, 2)$$

(
i
=
0
,
1
,
2
)

are different types of neutrosophic spaces with different characteristics. Here, we define the idea of fuzzy neutrosophic $${\text{T}}_{i}$$

T
i

-bitopological space $$(i=0, 1, 2)$$

(
i
=
0
,
1
,
2
)

through the neutrosophic bitopological space and look into its various characteristics. From neutrosophic $${\text{T}}_{i}$$

T
i

-bitopological space ($$i=0, 1, 2$$

i
=
0
,
1
,
2

), we demonstrate some intriguing findings with examples about the neutrosophic separation axioms.
Physical features of unplanned settlements in Herat City, Afghanistan
Authors: Hanif Asadullah , Barak Tamanna , Loodin Najibullah , Duque Carlos , Zakeri Jalil Ahmad , Mirzahi Shakib , Nadeem Ghulam Farooq
Published: August 2024

The increase in urban population growth has contributed to the expansion of unplanned settlements, especially in developing countries. Triggered by the lack of government oversight, the expansion of these settlements is characterized by unique economic, social, physical, and functional attributes. This study aims at exploring the physical features of unplanned settlements in District 4th of Herat city, western Afghanistan. Employing a mixed-research method, we integrated spatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) into detailed field observations to get a better understanding of the characteristics of the formation of these informal settlements. Our findings shed light on a number of key physical features including irregular street layouts, inadequate drainage systems, and substandard construction materials, irregular buildings in term of layout, number of floors, and building density. The features of unplanned urban morphology contribute to socio-economic loss and environmental degradation due to the absence of critical infrastructures including water infrastructures and the presence of unplanned streets in under-resourced unplanned settlements. In fact, the absence of government’s efforts in monitoring the development of unplanned settlements hinders the provision of essential services and infrastructures in the informal settlement communities. Our assertion is that the findings of this research will help policy makers in Afghanistan to reconsider their policies and decisions on urban development and growth, particularly in the poorer and under-served unplanned settlements in major cities in Afghanistan.
Efficacy of cardiopulmonary bypass method with blood delivery via femoral artery cannulation for paediatric aortic arch repair
Authors: Yamamoto Tomohiro , Wolf Hans Gerd , Asfour Boulos , Schindler Ehrenfried
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The efficacy of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) management with blood delivery via femoral artery cannulation for paediatric aortic arch repair has yet to be reported. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that this CPB method would reduce lactate elevation compared to CPB management using circulatory arrest of the lower body under deep hypothermia.

Methods

This study included patients who underwent paediatric aortic arch repairs between March 2012 and March 2018 at the German Paediatric Heart Centre, Sankt Augustin. Patients who were repumped intraoperatively were excluded. Group A (lower body circulatory arrest), Group F (retrograde aortic perfusion via femoral artery cannulation), and Group D (antegrade descending aortic perfusion) included 41, 18, and 15 patients, respectively. The CPB records were retrospectively reviewed for the minimum body temperature during CPB (℃), lactate levels before CPB (mmol/L), CPB duration (min), aortic clamp time duration (min), total urine output (mL) and changes in lactate levels during CPB (mmol/L).

Results

The minimum body temperatures during CPB were 16.79 ± 1.48℃, 23.73 ± 4.67℃, and 30.59 ± 2.35 ℃ in Groups A, F, and D, respectively. The increases in lactate levels during CPB in Group F (1.06 ± 0.94) were significantly lower than in Group A (1.66 ± 0.90, p = 0.033); however, no different from Group D (0.92 ± 1.13, p = 0.807).

Conclusion

This CPB method is a promising alternative to the CPB method using antegrade descending aortic perfusion for paediatric aortic arch repair.

Trial registration

UMIN000052933.
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance from the perspective of nephrologists
Authors: Park Kootae , Kwon Soon Hyo
Published: August 2024

Kidney disease is a frequent complication of multiple myeloma and other malignancies associated with monoclonal gammopathies. Additionally, dysproteinemia-related kidney disease can occur independently of overt multiple myeloma or hematologic malignancies. Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) is a spectrum of disorders in which a monoclonal immunoglobulin produced by a benign or premalignant B-cell or plasma cell clone causes kidney damage. MGRS-associated renal disease manifests in various forms, including immunoglobulin-associated amyloidosis, monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases (light chain, heavy chain, and combined light and heavy chain deposition diseases), proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits, C3 glomerulopathy with monoclonal gammopathy, and light chain proximal tubulopathy. Although MGRS is a nonmalignant or premalignant hematologic condition, it has significant renal implications that often lead to progressive kidney damage and, eventually, end-stage kidney disease. This review discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of MGRS and focuses on the perspective of nephrologists.
The legal nature of market neutrality in the euro area’s monetary policy
Authors: Solana Javier , Goldoni Marco
Published: August 2024

European Central Bank (ECB) staff have repeatedly justified the carbon bias of the Asset Purchase Programme (APP) in terms of “market neutrality”. Yet this term is not included in the Treaties so its meaning and legal nature are unclear. To clarify the meaning of market neutrality in the euro area’s monetary policy we develop a summative content analysis of the textual data contained in relevant legal and policy documents that are publicly available. We conclude that, in the context of monetary policy, the ECB and its staff have used the term market neutrality with two meanings: (i) the minimisation of any impact on the operation of markets and, in particular, on the operation of the price discovery mechanism; and (ii) the mirroring of the composition of a particular market to guide asset purchases. We then examine the legal nature of market neutrality in each of these two meanings. In its first meaning, we argue that market neutrality is the ECB’s definition of the so-called ‘principle of an open market economy’ (‘OME principle’) and it is therefore primary law. In its second meaning, we argue that market neutrality operationalises the OME principle and is therefore secondary law. Our conclusions differ from those reached by the first academic enquiries into the legal nature of market neutrality and open an academic debate on the matter. A clear understanding of the legal nature of market neutrality is also essential to assess the validity of the ECB’s climate change action plan.
Deep reinforcement learning finds a new strategy for vortex-induced vibration control
Authors: Ren Feng , Wang Chenglei , Song Jian , Tang Hui
Published: August 2024

As a promising machine learning method for active flow control (AFC), deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been successfully applied in various scenarios, such as the drag reduction for stationary cylinders under both laminar and weakly turbulent conditions. However, current applications of DRL in AFC still suffer from drawbacks including excessive sensor usage, unclear search paths and insufficient robustness tests. In this study, we aim to tackle these issues by applying DRL-guided self-rotation to suppress the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder under the lock-in condition. With a state space consisting only of the acceleration, velocity and displacement of the cylinder, the DRL agent learns an effective control strategy that successfully suppresses the VIV amplitude by

$99.6\,\%$

. Through systematic comparisons between different combinations of sensory-motor cues as well as sensitivity analysis, we identify three distinct stages of the search path related to the flow physics, in which the DRL agent adjusts the amplitude, frequency and phase lag of the actions. Under the deterministic control, only a little forcing is required to maintain the control performance, and the VIV frequency is only slightly affected, showing that the present control strategy is distinct from those utilizing the lock-on effect. Through dynamic mode decomposition analysis, we observe that the growth rates of the dominant modes in the controlled case all become negative, indicating that DRL remarkably enhances the system stability. Furthermore, tests involving various Reynolds numbers and upstream perturbations confirm that the learned control strategy is robust. Finally, the present study shows that DRL is capable of controlling VIV with a very small number of sensors, making it effective, efficient, interpretable and robust. We anticipate that DRL could provide a general framework for AFC and a deeper understanding of the underlying physics.
Fake turbulence
Authors: Jiménez Javier
Published: August 2024

High-dimensional dynamical systems projected onto a lower-dimensional manifold cease to be deterministic and are best described by probability distributions in the projected state space. Their equations of motion map onto an evolution operator with a deterministic component, describing the projected dynamics, and a stochastic one representing the neglected dimensions. This is illustrated with data-driven models for a moderate-Reynolds-number turbulent channel. It is shown that, for projections in which the deterministic component is dominant, relatively ‘physics-free’ stochastic Markovian models can be constructed that mimic many of the statistics of the real flow, even for fairly crude operator approximations, and this is related to general properties of Markov chains. Deterministic models converge to steady states, but the simplified stochastic models can be used to suggest what is essential to the flow and what is not.
Ethics for European Psychologists
Authors: Lindsay Geoff , Øvreeide Haldor , Koene Casper
Published: August 2024

The understanding of and adherence to professional ethics is fundamental in navigating the moral encounters and dilemmas that all psychologists face in their daily work, whether in research or professional practice. Core values and principles remain stable. However, as more complex and conflicting societal contexts come into play, the individual psychologist and the professional community need support in upholding a solid moral integrity. The volume is a welcome resource for any psychologist or student wanting to foresee, prevent, and professionally manage, in an ethically responsible way, the moral challenges that arise. The framework for this timely, second edition remains the Meta-code of Ethics of the European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations (EFPA), which is an important asset in addressing the challenges faced by the profession now and in the coming years. The discussions of the principles on the meta-code are further developed and the authors have extended the number and types of practical examples to vividly illustrate ethical challenges and dilemmas faced. Read, discuss, and evaluate your practice.
An ML‐Based P3‐Like Multimodal Two‐Moment Ice Microphysics in the ICON Model
Authors: Seifert Axel , Siewert Christoph
Published: August 2024

Machine learning (ML) is used to build a bulk microphysical parameterization including ice processes. Simulations of the Lagrangian super‐particle model McSnow are used as training data. The ML performs a coarse‐graining of the particle‐resolved microphysics to multi‐category two‐moment bulk equations. Besides mass and number, prognostic particle properties (P3) like melt water, rime mass, and rime volume are predicted by the ML‐based bulk model. The ML‐based scheme is tested with simulations of increasing complexity. As a box model, the ML‐based bulk scheme can reproduce the simulations of McSnow quite accurately. In 3d idealized squall line simulations, the ML‐based P3‐like scheme provides a more realistic extended stratiform region when compared to the standard two‐moment bulk scheme in ICON. In a realistic case study, the ML‐based scheme runs stably, but can not significantly improve the results. This shows that ML can be used to coarse‐grain super‐particle simulations to a bulk scheme of arbitrary complexity.
Has Reducing Ship Emissions Brought Forward Global Warming?
Authors: Gettelman A. , Christensen M. W. , Diamond M. S. , Gryspeerdt E. , Manshausen P. , Stier P. , Watson‐Parris D. , Yang M. , Yoshioka M. , Yuan T.
Published: August 2024

Ships brighten low marine clouds from emissions of sulfur and aerosols, resulting in visible “ship tracks”. In 2020, new shipping regulations mandated an ∼80% reduction in the allowed fuel sulfur content. Recent observations indicate that visible ship tracks have decreased. Model simulations indicate that since 2020 shipping regulations have induced a net radiative forcing of +0.12 Wm−2. Analysis of recent temperature anomalies indicates Northern Hemisphere surface temperature anomalies in 2022–2023 are correlated with observed cloud radiative forcing and the cloud radiative forcing is spatially correlated with the simulated radiative forcing from the 2020 shipping emission changes. Shipping emissions changes could be accelerating global warming. To better constrain these estimates, better access to ship position data and understanding of ship aerosol emissions are needed. Understanding the risks and benefits of emissions reductions and the difficultly in robust attribution highlights the large uncertainty in attributing proposed deliberate climate intervention.
Lagrangian Versus Eulerian Spectral Estimates of Surface Kinetic Energy Over the Global Ocean
Authors: Zhang Xinwen , Yu Xiaolong , Ponte Aurélien L. , Caspar‐Cohen Zoé , Le Gentil Sylvie , Wang Lu , Gong Wenping
Published: August 2024

In this study, we conducted a novel massive Lagrangian simulation experiment based on a global 1/48° tide‐resolving numerical simulation of the ocean circulation. This first‐time twin experiment enables a comparison between Eulerian (fixed‐point) and Lagrangian (along‐flow) estimates of kinetic energy (KE) across the global ocean, and the quantification of systematic differences between both types of estimations. This comparison represents an important step forward for the mapping of upper ocean high‐frequency variability from Lagrangian observations of the Global Drifter Program. Eulerian KE rotary frequency spectra and band‐integrated energy levels (e.g., tidal and near‐inertial) serve as references and are compared to Lagrangian estimates. Our analysis reveals that, except for the near‐inertial band, Lagrangian velocity spectra are systematically smoother, for example, with wider and lower spectral peaks compared to Eulerian counterparts. On average, Lagrangian KE levels derived from spectral band integrations tend to underestimate Eulerian KE levels at low‐frequency and tidal bands, especially in regions with strong low‐frequency KE. Better agreement between Lagrangian and Eulerian low‐frequency and tidal KE levels is generally found in regions with weak low‐frequency KE and/or convergent surface circulation, where Lagrangian particles tend to accumulate. Conversely, Lagrangian and Eulerian near‐inertial spectra and energy levels are comparable. Our results demonstrate that Lagrangian estimates may provide a distorted view of low‐frequency and tidal variance. To accurately map near‐surface velocity climatology at these frequencies from drifter database, conversion methods accounting for the Lagrangian bias need to be developed.
Impact of breast milk on cortical pain response in newborns during the heel prick procedure: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bulut Ozgul , Topaloglu Seyma Cagla , Bulut Nurgul , Hocaoglu Meryem , Arslanoglu Sertac
Published: August 2024

Objective

To investigate the effects of breast milk on cortical pain response and behavioral response in newborns during heel-prick procedure.

Study design

A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted on healty-term newborns, undergoing heel blood sampling. Infants were randomly assigned to study group with receive orally 2 ml breast milk (n = 45) or a control group with no intervention (n = 45). A near-infrared spectroscopy device was used to monitor regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2), while neonatal pain expression was assessed by Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale (N-PASS).

Results

The N-PASS score (p = 0.001) and the crying time (p = 0.017) were significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group. Although the mean rScO2 values decreased in both groups during the procedure, the percent change in rScO2 was not significant difference between two groups.

Conclusion

Breast milk administration decreases behavioral responses to a noxious stimulus without reducing the cortical response to pain.

Clinical trial registration

This trial was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov identifier no. NCT05961904.
An ultrathin, rapidly fabricated, flexible giant magnetoresistive electronic skin
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Jin Zhenhu , Chen Guangyuan , Chen Jiamin
Published: August 2024

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of electronic wearables, among which flexible magnetoelectronic skin has emerged as a key component. This technology is part of the rapidly progressing field of flexible wearable electronics, which has facilitated a new human perceptual development known as the magnetic sense. However, the magnetoelectronic skin is limited due to its low sensitivity and substantial field limitations as a wearable electronic device for sensing minor magnetic fields. Additionally, achieving efficient and non-destructive delamination in flexible magnetic sensors remains a significant challenge, hindering their development. In this study, we demonstrate a novel magnetoelectronic touchless interactive device that utilizes a flexible giant magnetoresistive sensor array. The flexible magnetic sensor array was developed through an electrochemical delamination process, and the resultant ultra-thin flexible electronic system possessed both ultra-thin and non-destructive characteristics. The flexible magnetic sensor is capable of achieving a bending angle of up to 90 degrees, maintaining its performance integrity even after multiple repetitive bending cycles. Our study also provides demonstrations of non-contact interaction and pressure sensing. This research is anticipated to significantly contribute to the advancement of high-performance flexible magnetic sensors and catalyze the development of more sophisticated magnetic electronic skins.
Safety but limited efficacy of donor lymphocyte infusion for post-transplantation cyclophosphamide-treated patients
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Krithika , Napier Scott , Dimitrova Dimana , Stokes Anita , Wilder Jennifer , Chai Amy , Lisco Andrea , Anderson Megan V. , Sereti Irini , Uzel Gulbu , Freeman Alexandra F. , McKeown Christi , Sponaugle Jennifer , Sabina Ruby , Rechache Kamil , Hyder Mustafa A. , Kanakry Jennifer A. , Kanakry Christopher G.
Published: August 2024

The therapeutic efficacy of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) given after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is limited by risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) effectively prevents severe GVHD, but there are limited data on outcomes of DLIs given to PTCy-treated patients. We reviewed 162 consecutive PTCy-treated patients transplanted between 2015–2022 within the Center for Immuno-Oncology at the National Cancer Institute. Of 38 DLIs given to 21 patients after 22 HCTs, few DLIs were associated with toxicities of acute GVHD (7.8%), cytokine release syndrome (CRS, 7.8%), or chronic GVHD (2.6%), and all occurred in those receiving serotherapy-containing pre-HCT conditioning (50% of HCTs). Seven DLIs resulted in complete response (18.4%), with 5 of these given after HCTs using serotherapy-containing conditioning. Excluding infectious indications, complete response to DLIs given after transplants with versus without serotherapy-containing pre-HCT conditioning were 30% and 4.3%, respectively. Two patients received DLI for infection and experienced complete resolution without GVHD or CRS, although the efficacy cannot be definitively attributable to the DLI. DLIs given to PTCy-treated patients had low toxicity but limited efficacy, although pre-HCT serotherapy may modulate both toxicity and response. Novel strategies are needed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of post-transplant cellular therapies without aggravating GVHD.
HMGA1 orchestrates chromatin compartmentalization and sequesters genes into 3D networks coordinating senescence heterogeneity
Authors: Olan Ioana , Ando-Kuri Masami , Parry Aled J. , Handa Tetsuya , Schoenfelder Stefan , Fraser Peter , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Kimura Hiroshi , Narita Masako , Narita Masashi
Published: August 2024

HMGA1 is an abundant non-histone chromatin protein that has been implicated in embryonic development, cancer, and cellular senescence, but its specific role remains elusive. Here, we combine functional genomics approaches with graph theory to investigate how HMGA1 genomic deposition controls high-order chromatin networks in an oncogene-induced senescence model. While the direct role of HMGA1 in gene activation has been described previously, we find little evidence to support this. Instead, we show that the heterogeneous linear distribution of HMGA1 drives a specific 3D chromatin organization. HMGA1-dense loci form highly interactive networks, similar to, but independent of, constitutive heterochromatic loci. This, coupled with the exclusion of HMGA1-poor chromatin regions, leads to coordinated gene regulation through the repositioning of genes. In the absence of HMGA1, the whole process is largely reversed, but many regulatory interactions also emerge, amplifying the inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Such HMGA1-mediated fine-tuning of gene expression contributes to the heterogeneous nature of senescence at the single-cell level. A similar ‘buffer’ effect of HMGA1 on inflammatory signalling is also detected in lung cancer cells. Our study reveals a mechanism through which HMGA1 modulates chromatin compartmentalization and gene regulation in senescence and beyond.
Reduced Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake due to coastal permafrost erosion
Authors: Nielsen David M. , Chegini Fatemeh , Maerz Joeran , Brune Sebastian , Mathis Moritz , Dobrynin Mikhail , Baehr Johanna , Brovkin Victor , Ilyina Tatiana
Published: August 2024

Arctic coastal permafrost erosion is projected to increase by a factor of 2–3 by 2100. However, organic matter fluxes from the coastal permafrost into the ocean have not been considered in Earth system models so far. Here we represent coastal permafrost erosion in an Earth system model and perform simulations with varying permafrost organic matter properties, such as sinking fraction and nutrient content. We find that coastal erosion reduces the Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake from the atmosphere in all simulations: by 4.6–13.2 TgC yr−1 by 2100, which is ~7–14% of the Inner Arctic Ocean uptake. We show that coastal permafrost erosion exerts a positive biogeochemical feedback on climate, increasing atmospheric CO2 by 1–2 TgC yr−1 per °C of increase in global surface air temperature. Our work will allow coastal permafrost erosion to be considered in future climate change assessments.
Enhanced woody biomass production in a mature temperate forest under elevated CO2
Authors: Norby Richard J. , Loader Neil J. , Mayoral Carolina , Ullah Sami , Curioni Giulio , Smith Andy R. , Reay Michaela K. , van Wijngaarden Klaske , Amjad Muhammad Shoaib , Brettle Deanne , Crockatt Martha E. , Denny Gael , Grzesik Robert T. , Hamilton R. Liz , Hart Kris M. , Hartley Iain P. , Jones Alan G. , Kourmouli Angeliki , Larsen Joshua R. , Shi Zongbo , Thomas Rick M. , MacKenzie A. Robert
Published: August 2024

Enhanced CO2 assimilation by forests as atmospheric CO2 concentration rises could slow the rate of CO2 increase if the assimilated carbon is allocated to long-lived biomass. Experiments in young tree plantations support a CO2 fertilization effect as atmospheric CO2 continues to increase. Uncertainty exists, however, as to whether older, more mature forests retain the capacity to respond to elevated CO2. Here, aided by tree-ring analysis and canopy laser scanning, we show that a 180-year-old Quercus robur L. woodland in central England increased the production of woody biomass when exposed to free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) for 7 years. Further, elevated CO2 increased exudation of carbon from fine roots into the soil with likely effects on nutrient cycles. The increase in tree growth and allocation to long-lived woody biomass demonstrated here substantiates the major role for mature temperate forests in climate change mitigation.
Potential antioxidant and cytotoxic impacts of defatted extract rich in flavonoids from Styphnolobium japonicum leaves growing in Egypt
Authors: El‑Feky Amal M. , Mohammed Nadia A.
Published: August 2024

Styphnolobium japonicum leaves are considered a rich source of flavonoids, which are the prospective basis for various therapeutic effects. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive cytotoxic studies conducted on these leaves. Therefore, this ongoing investigation aimed to detect and isolate the flavonoids present in S. japonicum leaves, and assess their antioxidant and anticancer properties. The defatted extract from S. japonicum leaves was analyzed using HPLC, which resulted in the identification of seven phenolics and six flavonoids. Rutin and quercetin were found to be the most abundant. Furthermore, a comprehensive profile of flavonoids was obtained through UPLC/ESI–MS analysis in negative acquisition mode. Fragmentation pathways of the identified flavonoids were elucidated to gain relevant insights into their structural characteristics. Furthermore, genistein 7-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, and kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside were isolated and characterized. The defatted extract rich in flavonoids exhibited significant antioxidant, iron-reducing, free radicals scavenging impacts, and remarkable cytotoxicity against the liver cell line (IC50 337.9μg/ mL) and lung cell line (IC50 55.0 μg/mL). Furthermore, the antioxidant and anticancer capacities of the three isolated flavonoids have been evaluated, and it has been observed that their effects are concentration-dependent. The findings of this research highlight the promising impact of flavonoids in cancer therapy. It is recommended that future scientific investigations prioritize the exploration of the distinct protective and therapeutic characteristics of S. japonicum leaves, which hold significant potential as a valuable natural resource.
Virtual crossmatching reveals upregulation of placental HLA-Class II in chronic histiocytic intervillositis
Authors: Brady Chloe A. , Ford Laura B. , Moss Chloe , Zou Zhiyong , Crocker Ian P. , Heazell Alexander E. P.
Published: August 2024

Chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) is a recurrent placental lesion where maternal macrophages infiltrate the intervillous space. Its cause is unknown, though due to similarities to rejected allografts one hypothesis is that CHI represents maternal–fetal rejection. Here, virtual crossmatching was applied to healthy pregnancies and those with a history of CHI. Anti-HLA antibodies, measured by Luminex, were present in slightly more controls than CHI (8/17 (47.1%) vs 5/14 (35.7%)), but there was no significant difference in levels of sensitisation or fetal specific antibodies. Quantification of immunohistochemical staining for HLA-Class II was increased in syncytiotrophoblast of placentas with CHI (Grade 0.44 [IQR 0.1–0.7]) compared to healthy controls (0.06 [IQR 0–0.2]) and subsequent pregnancies (0.13 [IQR 0–0.3]) (P = 0.0004). HLA-Class II expression was positively related both to the severity of CHI (r = 0.67) and C4d deposition (r = 0.48). There was no difference in overall C4d and HLA-Class I immunostaining. Though increased anti-HLA antibodies were not evident in CHI, increased expression of HLA-Class II at the maternal–fetal interface suggests that they may be relevant in its pathogenesis. Further investigation of antibodies immediately after diagnosis is warranted in a larger cohort of CHI cases to better understand the role of HLA in its pathophysiology.
Yeast9: a consensus genome-scale metabolic model for S. cerevisiae curated by the community
Authors: Zhang Chengyu , Sánchez Benjamín J , Li Feiran , Eiden Cheng Wei Quan , Scott William T , Liebal Ulf W , Blank Lars M , Mengers Hendrik G , Anton Mihail , Rangel Albert Tafur , Mendoza Sebastián N , Zhang Lixin , Nielsen Jens , Lu Hongzhong , Kerkhoven Eduard J
Published: August 2024

Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) can facilitate metabolism-focused multi-omics integrative analysis. Since Yeast8, the yeast-GEM of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, published in 2019, has been continuously updated by the community. This has increased the quality and scope of the model, culminating now in Yeast9. To evaluate its predictive performance, we generated 163 condition-specific GEMs constrained by single-cell transcriptomics from osmotic pressure or reference conditions. Comparative flux analysis showed that yeast adapting to high osmotic pressure benefits from upregulating fluxes through central carbon metabolism. Furthermore, combining Yeast9 with proteomics revealed metabolic rewiring underlying its preference for nitrogen sources. Lastly, we created strain-specific GEMs (ssGEMs) constrained by transcriptomics for 1229 mutant strains. Well able to predict the strains’ growth rates, fluxomics from those large-scale ssGEMs outperformed transcriptomics in predicting functional categories for all studied genes in machine learning models. Based on those findings we anticipate that Yeast9 will continue to empower systems biology studies of yeast metabolism.
Comparative study of the reductive decomposition reaction of ethylene carbonate in lithium battery electrolyte: a ReaxFF molecular dynamics study
Authors: Gao Jingqi , He Ruitian , Luo Kai H.
Published: August 2024

This work investigates the decomposition of ethylene carbonate at an atomistic level during initial solid electrolyte interphase formation using the ReaxFF reactive force field method.
Characterization of vaginal Lactobacillus in biologically relevant fluid using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Rourke-Funderburg Anna S. , Mahadevan-Jansen Anita , Locke Andrea K.
Published: August 2024

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and partial least squares regression was utilized to determine the dominant bacteria in mixtures of two common vaginal microbes in both pure and complex fluids.
An MXene-supported cobalt-MOF nanocomposite-printed electrochemical sensor with high sensitivity for blood creatinine detection in point-of-care settings
Authors: Roy Debolina , Singh Rajan , Mandal Soumen , Chanda Nripen
Published: August 2024

A 3D printed CoMOF–MXene sensor enables accurate, sensitive and fast detection of creatinine in human blood.
An on-site inspection system for explosives in a container using dust collection through a vent cover and ion mobility spectrometric detection
Authors: Choi He-Ryun , Choi Sung-Seen
Published: August 2024

Explosive-adsorbed dust was collected through a vent cover and analyzed on-site. The limit of detection was influenced by the adsorption/desorption behavior of explosives onto dust and the type of collection filter.
Progress on critical cell fabrication parameters and designs for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wu Cheng-Che , Chan Tzu-Ching , Chung Sheng-Heng
Published: August 2024

This feature article examines recent lithium–sulfur studies, with a focus on high-loading sulfur cathodes in lean-electrolyte and solid state-electrolyte cells, and highlights recent achievements, challenges, and strategies for future research.
Robust two-color physically unclonable patterns from controlled aggregation of a single organic luminophore
Authors: Chen Haiyan , Li Shaoju , Xu Lei , Wang Mingjun , Li Shayu
Published: August 2024

A two-color luminescent PUF label using an organic luminophore enhances anti-counterfeiting by increasing encoding capacity with dual-color integration and complex patterns.
Divergent synthesis of pyrrolidone fused pyrimido[1,2-b]indazole through selective trapping of an enone intermediate by 1H-indazol-3-amine
Authors: Shen Xi , Yu Zhi-Cheng , Zhou You , Wu Yan-Dong , Wu An-Xin
Published: August 2024

An oxidant-controlled divergent synthesis of a pyrrolidone fused pyrimido[1,2-b]indazole skeleton was developed through selective cyclization of an in situ generated enone intermediate and 1H-indazol-3-amine.
Organo-cation catalyzed enantioselective α-hydroxylation of pyridinone-fused lactones: asymmetric synthesis of SN-38 and irinotecan
Authors: Tian Jin-Rui , Qiao Yu-Hao , Zhuang Qing-Bo , Fan Rong , Li Zhen , Zhang Xiao-Ming , Zhang Fu-Min , Tu Yong-Qiang
Published: August 2024

A catalytic asymmetric α-hydroxylation of pyridinone-fused lactones has been developed, enabling the highly enantioselective formation of oxa-quaternary stereogenic centre of this tricyclic scaffold.
Profound importance of the conventional O–H⋯O hydrogen bond versus a considerable blue shift of the Csp2–H bond in complexes of substituted carbonyls and carboxyls
Authors: An Nguyen Truong , Vu Thi Ngan , Trung Nguyen Tien
Published: August 2024

The largest blue shift of Csp2–H stretching frequency in the Csp2–H⋯O nonconventional hydrogen bonds up to 105.3 cm−1 was observed in the complex, which is suggested by presence of the O–H⋯O conventional hydrogen bond.
Advances in small-molecule fluorescent probes for the study of apoptosis
Authors: Ye Ya-Xi , Pan Jian-Cheng , Wang Hai-Chao , Zhang Xing-Tao , Zhu Hai-Liang , Liu Xin-Hua
Published: August 2024

Small-molecule fluorescent probes for studying apoptosis.
Investigating the influence of oriented external electric fields on modulating spin-transition temperatures in Fe(ii) SCO complexes: a theoretical perspective
Authors: Tiwari Rupesh Kumar , Paul Rajdeep , Rajaraman Gopalan
Published: August 2024

Oriented external electric fields induce spin crossover in Fe(ii) complexes, offering a novel pathway for temperature tuning, with potential applications in molecular electronics and sensing.
Aerosolized algal bloom toxins are not inert
Authors: Vejerano Eric P. , Ahn Jeonghyeon , Scott Geoffrey I.
Published: August 2024

Harmful algal bloom events are increasing; aerosol particles from sea and lake sprays carry algal bloom toxins that react with atmospheric oxidants, creating transformation byproducts. Inhaling these toxins with air pollutants may pose health risks.
MnCuFe/P-GCE electrochemical sensor: a breakthrough catalyst for highly sensitive detection of methyl parathion in diverse matrices
Authors: Tharuman Sharmila , Nataraj Nandini , Chen Shen-Ming
Published: August 2024

This study addresses the environmental and health concerns associated with the pesticide methyl parathion (MP) by exploring electrochemical sensing using a novel MnCuFe/P-GCE sensor.
Improving chlorine residual predictions in water distribution systems using recurrent neural networks
Authors: Riyadh Ammar , Zayat Abdullah , Chaaban Anas , Peleato Nicolas M.
Published: August 2024

The management of water quality in distribution systems is a pervasive challenge.
Antimicrobial textiles based on photocrosslinked poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid)
Authors: Zeng Yimin , Wolf Michael O.
Published: August 2024

Photocrosslinking poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acids) on textile surfaces gives hydrophilic antimicrobial coatings which function by contact lysis enhanced with green light.
Synthesis and theoretical studies of the conformational behaviour of N-vinylcaprolactam/N-vinylimidazole copolymers in selective solvent
Authors: Barabanova A. I. , Vorozheykina A. V. , Glagolev M. K. , Komarov P. V. , Khokhlov A. R.
Published: August 2024

Using complementary experimental and theoretical approaches, we demonstrate a way to obtain stimuli-responsive copolymers that form reversible globular nanostructures.
Iodide ion-enabled highly regioselective α-C(sp3)–H triazolization of ethers with N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Deng Yaqi , Yin Jiabin , Hu Zongjing , Xue Jian , Ji Jian , Zhu Tong , Liu Shunying
Published: August 2024

A highly regioselective construction of N2-substituted hemiaminal ethers was established via a synergetic SN2-like radical coupling mechanism.
Synthesis of 1,2,4-diazaphospholes via base-promoted cyclization reaction of hydrazonoyl chlorides and [Bu4N][P(SiCl3)2]
Authors: Wang Xin , Luo Hui , Yang Bo , Li Ming , Ma Yong-Jun , Wang Xi-Cun , Quan Zheng-Jun
Published: August 2024

Aromatic 1,2,4-diazaphospholes featuring distinct hybrid-mode nitrogen atoms (N(λ3σ2), N(λ3σ3)) and low-valent phosphorus atoms (λ3σ2) exhibited the characteristic of serving as unique hybrid ligands.
Correction: Professor (Dr) Sukh Dev: an iconic scientist with an innate sixth sense who radicalized natural product synthesis & organic chemistry
Authors: Kochat Harry , Yadav J. S. , Singh Vinod K. , Ramasastry S. S. V.
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Professor (Dr) Sukh Dev: an iconic scientist with an innate sixth sense who radicalized natural product synthesis & organic chemistry’ by Harry Kochat et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2024, 22, 5466–5469, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4OB90071E.
Correction: Study on mechanism of elemene reversing tumor multidrug resistance based on luminescence pharmacokinetics in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chen Liying , Chen Zhi , Zheng Shuang , Fan Luhui , Zhu Lixin , Yu Jiandong , Tang Chaoyuan , Liu Qi , Xiong Yang
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Study on mechanism of elemene reversing tumor multidrug resistance based on luminescence pharmacokinetics in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo’ by Liying Chen et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 34928–34937, https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra00184h.
Wireless μLED packed beds for scalable continuous multiphasic photochemistry
Authors: Lopez Esai Daniel , Zhang Musacchio Patricia , Teixeira Andrew R.
Published: August 2024

Wirelessly powering μLEDs within packed bed reactors enables scalable, continuous, green chemical manufacturing by overcoming classical light penetration limits.
Small molecule organic eutectics as candidates to replace plastics
Authors: Ryan Joshua L. , Sosso Gabriele C. , Bon Stefan A. F.
Published: August 2024

Mixing small organic crystalline molecules produces eutectic glasses and liquids with “polymer-like” physical properties.
Lifetime of starspots on detached eclipsing binaries: Detecting the effects of tides on stellar activity
Authors: Wang Jiaxin , Pan Yang , Fu Jianning , Zong Peng , Zong Weikai , Cang Tianqi , Zhang Bo , Pan Yu
Published: August 2024

Context. Tidal deformation breaks the axisymmetric structure of stars, and this may affect stellar activity. This effect has been demonstrated in theoretical analyses and simulations, but it lacks observational support. In this paper, we use spot-modulated detached binaries to study the effect of tides on stellar activity. We show this effect by analyzing the properties of the spot lifetime, the harmonic decay timescale, and the orbital parameters.

Aims. We aim to explore the differences in spot lifetimes between binaries and single stars, the main mechanisms of spot decay in binaries, and the correlation between orbital parameters and spot lifetimes. These differences will provide clues to the effect of tides on stellar activity.

Methods. We collected data of 311 spot-modulated detached binaries and 3272 single stars. The relative orbital parameters of the binaries were derived by combining Kepler photometry, stellar atmospheric parameters from LAMOST DR9 and Gaia DR3, and 2MASS photometry. We then used the ACF method to obtain the rotational periods, lifetimes, and harmonic decay timescales. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between the lifetime of spots and orbital parameters, explored the dominant decay mechanism of spots, and examined the differences in spots for binaries and single stars.

Results. The relative lifetime of a starspot is correlated with the sum of the fractional radii, the orbital eccentricity, and the synchronization ratio. Longer lifetimes are observed in close, circular, and synchronous binaries than in the other binaries. The main mechanism for the decay of star spots in binaries is large-scale convective motion. However, on close, cool, and fast-rotating binaries, horizontal diffusion or subphotospheric diffusion are dominant. Compared to single stars, the median lifetime of a starspot on binaries was found to be longer. Moreover, this difference decreases with rotation period. Additionally, it should be noted that spots on binaries experience increased horizontal or subphotospheric diffusion at the same rotation period and effective temperature.

Conclusions. According to the observation results, we conclude that the lifetime of starspots on detached close binaries is affected by tidal interactions.