bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epistemologies of Trauma
Authors: Tully Tyler
Published: December 2017

Beginning with Cathy Caruth's post-structuralist approach in the early 1990's, the study of trauma, memory, and affect has seen significant growth across many academic disciplines. Recent postcolonial perspectives, however, criticize Caruth's trauma theory for its focus on individual melancholia, its Eurocentric assumptions, and its diminishment of discursive practice and ritual. This article considers the rapidly expanding field of trauma studies, including current neuroscientific and biological approaches, to clarify the depth and breadth of trauma's relation to memory inscription, cultural identity, and the embodied transmission of trauma. Using a comparative methodology to examine the seminal contributions of Ted Jennings to the field of ritual studies (Jennings 1982, 1987, 2014) that correspond with Judith Herman's three-stage narrative therapy process (Herman 1997), this essay suggests that Herman's method of narrative construction conveys unique, embodied knowledge that can be understood as ritual performance. Several case studies are put into conversation with Herman's trauma theory in the conclusion of this paper to illustrate possible correctives to the weaknesses inherent in Caruth's “unspeakability” school of trauma theory—correctives having implications for fields as wide-ranging as cultural history, anthropology, ritual studies, affect theory, collective memory, anthropology, and postcolonial approaches to the study of religion.
Do Mushrooms Have Religion, Too?
Authors: Phelps Hollis
Published: December 2017

I argue in the paper that Donovan Schaefer’s inclusion of animality in the realm of religion via affect rests on the exclusion of non-animal bodies. This exclusion, moreover, is wrapped up in the type of affect theory that Schaefer deploys, specifically phenomenological and psychological approaches over-against Deleuzian and Spinozistic models. Drawing on the latter, among others, and recent studies concerning plants and various fungi, I argue for the inclusion of non-animal life within the discussion of the relationship between affect and religion. I also suggest that such an inclusion may be grasped through investigation into the use and effects of hallucinogenic substances, or “ecodelics,” as Richard Doyle refers to them.
VANTAGENS E LIMITAÇÕES DO SEBO BOVINO ENQUANTO MATÉRIA-PRIMA PARA A INDÚSTRIA BRASILEIRA DE BIODIESEL
Authors: Varão Leandro Henrique Ribeiro , Silva Thiago Alves Lopes , Zamora Hernán Darío Zamora , Pasquini Daniel
Published: December 2017

Recentemente, a escassez global dos combustíveis fosseis, além de questões políticas, econômicas e ambientais impulsionaram a busca por combustíveis oriundos de fontes renováveis. Neste contexto, o biodiesel surge como um promissor combustível sucedâneo ao diesel mineral, seja parcial ou totalmente. O Brasil é o segundo maior produtor e consumidor mundial de biodiesel, sendo que o sebo bovino é o segundo insumo mais utilizado para a produção deste biocombustível no país, atrás apenas da soja. Diante disso, este artigo de revisão bibliográfica aborda as principais vantagens e limitações relacionadas ao uso desta matéria-prima para obtenção de biodiesel no Brasil, destacando fatores econômicos e ambientais, suas características físico-químicas, além de aspetos relativos à sua cadeia produtiva.
INFLUÊNCIA DO GRAU DE CORROSÃO DAS ARMADURAS NA EFICIÊNCIA DO MÉTODO DE REALCALINIZAÇÃO PARA TRATAMENTO DE ESTRUTURAS DE CONCRETO CARBONATADAS
Authors: Ferreira Pablo Ramon Rodrigues , Meira Gibson Rocha , Barbosa Débora Christina , Carvalho Mariane , Andrade Jaqueline
Published: December 2017

O tratamento por realcalinização é um dos métodos aplicados para o restabelecimento das condições de alcalinidade da matriz cimentícea e, consequentemente, para alcançar a possível repassivação da armadura, sem uma ação destrutiva significativa sobre a estrutura. Este artigo analisa a eficiência da realcalinização na repassivação de armaduras com diferentes períodos de exposição a meio carbonatado. Para tal, armaduras para concreto armado, com diâmetro de 6.3 mm, foram imersas em uma solução saturada de hidróxido de cálcio, simulando a solução dos poros do concreto. Após um período de 17 dias, essas soluções foram carbonatados com uma mistura de 5% de CO2, até a solução atingir um pH próximo a 8,5. Uma vez iniciado o processo de corrosão, as células ficaram em ambiente de laboratório por um período de 7, 28 e 90 dias, de modo a atingir diferentes graus de corrosão. Após isso, as soluções foram realcalinizadas através da troca das soluções carbonatadas por soluções novas. Durante todos esses períodos, as armaduras foram monitoradas através de medidas eletroquímicas empregando a técnica de resistência de polarização linear. As medidas eletroquímicas mostram os momentos em que as armaduras despassivaram, bem como os momentos em que essas apresentaram uma condição de restabelecimento das condições de passividade ou não. O período de exposição mais longo a meio carbonatado dificultou a repassivação das armaduras.
BROTAÇÃO DE ORA-PRO-NÓBIS EM SUBSTRATO ALTERNATIVO DE CASCA DE ARROZ CARBONIZADA
Authors: Campos Jasmine Alves , Oliveira Neide Judith Faria de , Chamba Juan Sebastian Vera , Colen Fernando , Costa Cândido Alves da , Filho Adair da Silva Santos
Published: December 2017

Ora-pro-nóbis, conhecido popularmente como “carne de pobre”, é utilizado pelo potencial alimentício e medicinal. A propagação por estacas caulinares constitui a forma de multiplicação usualmente empregada. No entanto, existem poucos estudos sobre o cultivo desse vegetal. Dessa forma, o objetivo com esse trabalho foi avaliar o perfil de brotações estacas caulinares de ora-pro-nóbis em substrato de casca de arroz carbonizada. O estudo foi desenvolvido no Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ICA/UFMG). O experimento foi instalado em Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC), contendo três tratamentos, estacas do tipo apical, mediana e basal, com respectivamente 30, 60 e 30 repetições. O substrato constitui-se de casca de arroz carbonizada e areia lavada (1:1). Inicialmente, determinou-se o número de gemas e o diâmetro por tipo estaca e porção, avaliado pelo programa SAEG. O número, comprimento e a taxa de sobrevivência foram analisados pelo erro padrão em programa Microsoft Excel® 2013. As estacas do tipo apical apresentaram mais gemas. As primeiras emissões de brotos foram observadas após sete dias do plantio para as estacas medianas e basais. Verificou-se menor taxa de sobrevivência e menor número de brotações em estacas apicais. Quanto ao tipo, as estacas basais destacaram no comprimento nas posições medianas e basais. Estacas basais e medianas apresentaram melhores resultados de número de brotações nas porções. Conclui-se que estacas medianas e basais de ramos de P. aculeata foram mais viáveis e apresentaram mais brotações aos 37 dias. Pesquisas como esta constitui um dado novo, sendo necessários futuros estudos sobre o perfil de enraizamento da espécie.
ESTUDO DA RELAÇÃO HOMEM-NATUREZA NA OBRA DE LUIZ GONZAGA: UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO À EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Benigno Rute Carolina da Cunha , Costa Neto Leão Xavier da , Cunha Magnus Kelly Moura da
Published: December 2017

A educação ambiental tradicional não tem sido eficaz quanto à transformação das relações do homem com a natureza na direção do equilíbrio ecológico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer os significados de elementos de natureza presentes na música de Luiz Gonzaga, a fim de compreender a relação homem-natureza vivenciada pelo sertanejo do Nordeste. Para tal, foram selecionadas 10 músicas da obra de Luiz Gonzaga, as quais foram analisadas através da teoria/análise dialógica do discurso segundo Bakhtin, considerando a situação extraverbal de cada enunciação. Assim, foi revelado que a obra de Luiz Gonzaga possui elementos da natureza com relevantes significados que contribuem para a construção de uma relação mais estreita do homem nordestino com a natureza. Por isso, nos propomos a apresentar, como alternativa ao ensino tradicional, o uso da música como recurso metodológico, por ser essa expressão artística um grande veículo de significados, isto é, uma linguagem capaz de mobilizar as subjetividades dos alunos, facilitando, assim, a interiorização dos significados pertinentes.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Leite José Yvan Pereira
Published: December 2017

Esta é o penúltimo volume de 2017, em que estão publicados 25 artigos com temas variados, caracterizando o compromisso deste periódico com a interdisciplinaridade. No hemisfério sul entramos na quadra do verão, aquela com dias longos e claros.  Neste lado do planeta, a ciência e tecnologia, como o verão, precisa de perenidade por longo período para ajudar a alterar a qualidade de vida daqueles que aqui povoam.A solidariedade daqueles que fazem ciência no norte se faz necessária para ampliar a capacidade de resolver problemas e estabelecer a convivência comum com qualidade. O período é para o trabalho árduo - fazer mais com menos e ampliar a capacidade de escolha.Neste contexto, a formação de redes colaborativas nas áreas do open acess e científica são fundamentais para ampliar a qualidade de respostas à sociedade e para a produção científica qualificada. Esta editoria trabalhará para que estas ações se reafirmem.Esta editoria agradece aos autores, pareceristas ad hoc e membros do Conselho Editorial pela confiança e colaboração com este periódico.Enfim, convido-os a acessarem o sumário para conhecer os novos artigos publicados e, quando possível, compartilhem em vossas redes sociais.Em tempo, desejo-os Boas Festas! Natal, 21 dezembro de 2017. José Yvan Pereira Leite
Celitement quality parameter determination by online NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Lutz Carolin , Matthes Jörg , Waibel Patrick , Precht Ulrich , Beuchle Günther , Garbev Krassimir , Schweike Uwe , Stemmermann Peter , Keller Hubert B.
Published: December 2017

A new process for the manufacture of a novel hydraulic binder (Celitement) with a high potential for saving energy and reducing carbon dioxide emissions was developed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. To obtain the ideal process conditions and to monitor the optimal product quality of the binder, it was necessary to develop a measurement system for the online determination of certain quality parameters. A method for the direct calculation of different quality parameters of both precursor and final product from online measured near-infrared (NIR) spectra is presented in this article. A successful transformation between calibration models gained with laboratory and online NIR is also demonstrated. This enables optimisation of the calibration models on a laboratory scale and a seamless transfer to industrial scale due to changes in composition of the raw materials, formulation or processing parameters.
Nanosilica-added concrete: strength and its correlation with time-dependent properties
Authors: Varghese Lincy , Rao Velidandi Venkata Lakshmy Kanta , Parameswaran Lakshmy
Published: December 2017

This paper presents results of an experimental investigation on fresh and hardened properties of high-performance concrete (HPC) containing nanosilica (nS), and a comparison with HPC containing microsilica (mS), and a reference concrete (RefCon). The temperature of fresh concrete was monitored using maturity sensors. The compressive strength, splitting-tensile strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, rebound hammer number and ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete were determined at different ages, and correlated with creep and drying shrinkage results reported earlier by the authors. The study revealed that nS has accelerated the strength development at early ages, whereas the mS addition showed no significant change. The nS-HPC exhibited improved mechanical properties as compared to the other concretes. The correlation between compressive strength and maturity, as obtained, would be useful for carrying out early-age construction activities. A good correspondence was also noted between the mechanical properties obtained from destructive and non-destructive testing. The correlation of mechanical properties and time-dependent properties revealed that, in spite of improvement in the former, the nS-HPC exhibited higher creep and drying shrinkage than other two concretes. As a result, suitable suggestions are made to account for this in the design of structural elements.
Assessing the Severity of Rent Burden on Low-Income Families
Authors: Larrimore Jeff , Schuetz Jenny
Published: December 2017

To assess the rent burden on families, we analyze housing expenditures of renters using the American Community Survey (ACS) Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS). In this note, we have shown that the lowest-income families face severe rent burdens.
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR PLASMA LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER OF THE LEFT COLON SUBMITTED TO OPEN OR LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY v2
Authors: Clementi Marco , Schietroma Mario , Lezoche Emanuele , Carlei Francesco , Agnifili Alessio , Sista Federico , Colozzi Sara , Mariani Paola , Masedu Francesco , Guadagni. Stefano
Published: December 2017

Background: VEGF is elevated in plasma of colon cancer patients and increases after surgery. This study's purpose was to determine plasma VEGF levels before, during, and after open and laparoscopic colorectal surgery performed for left colon cancer (CD). Patients and methods: a multicenter, prospective, observational, non-randomized study was planned to evaluate samples obtained preoperatively, intraoperatively, and on postoperative days (1, 3, 7, 15, 30). VEGF-A165 values were determined via ELISA. Statistical analysis was a repeated Anova with interactions. Results: the recruitment finished in 4 years (71 patients). Baseline plasma VEGF-A165 mean values (pVmv) resulted not significantly different in patients submitted to laparoscopy (125.4 pg/ml ± 47.7) and laparotomy (116.3 pg/ml ± 28.9). Intraoperatively, the highest difference was registered at the end of operations. In the 30-days postoperative period, the pVmv resulted significantly lower (G-G=0.45) in patients submitted to laparoscopy than in patients submitted to laparotomy (F= 144.6, p<0.001), at time went on (F= 97.6, p<0.001); the highest differences between groups were registered at day 7. Conclusions: the trial supports the hypothesis that cancer and surgical trauma are related to production of VEGF-A165 and demonstrates that open surgery, in comparison to laparoscopy, is a stronger promoter of VEGF release.
DIVERTICULO DE ESOFAGO MÉDIO: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Chalela Ayub Nazir Elias , Nunes João Antonio Feriani , Da Costa Josiane Maria , Sivieri Thiago , Morita Shinhiti , De Brito Gilberto Borges
Published: December 2017

Introdução: Divertículos esofagianos são alterações esofágicas raras e podem ser classificados em proximais, médios ou distais, de acordo com a localização. Podem ser de pulsão ou tração e verdadeiro ou falso. Na dependência do tamanho do divertículo e da concomitância de doença associada, podem causar disfagia, regurgitação, mau hálito, rouquidão ou pneumopatias, podendo ter indicação de ressecção cirúrgica. O diagnóstico é suspeitado pela história clínica e confirmado pelo exame radiológico contrastado e pela endoscopia digestiva alta. Objetivo: Relatar o caso raro de uma paciente com divertículo de esôfago médio. Materiais e Métodos: Revisão do prontuário, registro fotográfico dos métodos diagnósticos e revisão da literatura.  Resultados: Paciente feminina, 61 anos, encaminhada ao ambulatório do hospital de base de São José do Rio Preto, com queixa de disfagia progressiva para alimentos sólidos aproximadamente há cinco anos, associado à odinofagia, eructação intensa e perda ponderal nesse período de 10 quilos. A endoscopia digestiva alta, mostrou divertículo no terço médio do esôfago, 25 cm da arcada dentária superior, com óstio de 3-4 cm de diâmetro e 3 cm de profundidade. A tomografia computadorizada de tórax confirmou a presença do divertículo de esôfago em terço médio do esôfago, sem outros achados que justificassem sua presença. A paciente foi submetida à videotoracoscopia com ressecção do divertículo sem intercorrências. Atualmente, a paciente apresenta-se assintomática no acompanhamento clínico. Conclusão: Embora seja considerada uma alteração esofágica rara, os divertículos esofagianos, devem sempre ser considerados como diagnóstico diferencial. Especialmente em casos de disfagia, halitose e enfermidades respiratórias por broncoaspiração. Em casos de pacientes sintomáticos e com dificuldade no tratamento clinico, a melhor opção terapêutica é a cirurgia com a excisão local do divertículo via toracotomia ou toracoscopia.
"HOW SWEET IT IS TO DIE!" The death of Gogol as a testament to his descendants. Article 1
Authors: Voropaev V.A.
Published: December 2017

The article attempts to reconstruct the picture of the last days of Gogol's life on the basis of reliable documentary facts, to answer the questions without the solution of which the creation of a scientific biography of the writer is impossible. They encircle spiritual, worldview and creative problems. In particular, the events related to the death of Khomyakova E.M., in which Gogol, according to contemporaries, saw a foreknowledge for himself, are considered.
Theme Memento mori in the poetry of V.F. Odoevskiy
Authors: Dergacheva I.V. , Sasim A.S.
Published: December 2017

V.F. Odoyevsky sensitively sensed the binary oppositions of the material and transcendent worlds, continued in his work the philosophical comprehension of the themes of Memento mori and Vanitas. This article presents an analysis of thanatological discourse in the first Russian philosophical novel "Russian Nights", which includes fantastic stories, thoughts on eternal themes, and stories based on real events from Russian life.
Issues of language adaptation of migrant children in a modern school
Authors: Baimurzaeva G.B.
Published: December 2017

In the article the question of modern understanding of methodical bases of organization of work on support of migrant children in education in the Russian school is considered. Formation of tools to support the children of migrants through the purposeful creation of conditions in the system of general education organizations for the adaptation of migrants, including their Russian language education. Study of the conditions for the successful formation of speech activity in Russian of migrant children; with the identification of features of its communicative, cognitive and moral development in mastering a new language.
Powered endoscopic inferior turbinoplasty: clinical study
Authors: Al-Helo Sajad , Falih Hasanain , Jumma Ahmed
Published: December 2017

Background: Nasal obstruction is a common complaint in ENT clinics and significantly affect the patient`s quality of life. Inferior turbinate hypertrophy is one of the common causes of nasal obstruction, surgical reduction of inferior turbinate is indicated in refractory cases not responding to conservative measures and the optimal surgical technique is controversial. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of powered endoscopic inferior turbinoplasty in the management of inferior turbinate hypertrophy.

Methods: An interventional study (single group clinical trial) was conducted and powered endoscopic inferior turbinoplasty was performed on 30 patients complaining of chronic nasal obstruction due to inferior turbinate hypertrophy and other causes of nasal obstruction were excluded.  

Results: Assessed preoperatively and 1st week, 1st month and 3rd month postoperatively depending on subjective visual analogue scale scores for nasal obstruction, endoscopic grading system and complications. There was significant improvement in nasal obstruction and significant reduction in inferior turbinate size and mild complications that completely absent at the third month following the surgery.

Conclusions: Microdebrider-assisted inferior turbinoplasty as a safe, effective and reliable alternative method for inferior turbinate reduction.
Knowledge, attitude and practice about allergic rhinitis in a rural population, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Rajasekaran Valli , Ghosh Puja
Published: December 2017

Background: Allergic rhinitis presents a global health problem. The lack of awareness about allergic rhinitis leads to poor adherence to management protocol.

Methods: Our cross sectional study in 100 patients with allergic rhinitis was aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice about the disease. This was done using a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was made in the three domains and expressed in percentage.  

Results: The knowledge about the cause and the treatment options was low. Most of the patients were worried about the long term side effects and dependence of the drugs used for treatment of allergic rhinitis. Most patients ignore the symptoms and do not seek medical advice.

Conclusions: Improving the patient’s knowledge and attitude through health education can improve practices among allergic rhinitis patients. 
A comparative study in the use of topical mitomycin-C versus nasolacrimal stent in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy for chronic dacryocystitis
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Singh Inderdeep , Dwivedi Gunjan , Goyal Sunil , Kumar Manoj , Sood Amit , Upadhyay Madhukar
Published: December 2017

Background: Inflammation of the lacrimal sac and duct is a common and unpleasant condition, leading to troublesome epiphora and recurrent dacryocystitis. Surgery is the preferred treatment modality of chronic dacryocystitis which can be performed by external approach or endoscopic nasal approach. Endoscopic dacrycocystorhinostomy (EnDCR) is now a well-established procedure to relieve nasolacrimal duct obstruction, becoming ENT surgeons’ domain. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and compare results of intraoperative use of nasolacrimal stent in comparison of mitomycin-C (MMC) in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.

Methods: A prospective study of 56 patients with acquired NLDO with epiphora and recurrent dacryocystitis who were evaluated and managed between Oct 2014 and Oct 2016. All patients were offered surgical line of management by endoscopic route. They were randomly assigned into two groups-mitomycin-C group (Group A) and silastic nasolacrimal stenting (Group B). 46 patients who matched inclusion criteria’s were included in the study after formal evaluation by ENT surgeon and Ophthalmologist. 26 patients underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with Mitomycin-C application intra – op, 20 patients underwent nasolacrimal silicone stent placement.  

Results: At 6-month follow-up visit, the management was considered successful if the lacrimal sac irrigation succeeded with relief of symptoms. The success rate in Group A was 92.30%. Group B had 85% success rate. However, no significant (p value=0.37) was noticed between two groups.

Conclusions: Despite, no significant difference in outcome between two modalities, there is a trend towards the better outcome with use of mitomycin-C. Mitomycin-C is a safe, effective, and economical adjuvant in endoscopic DCR assisting in improved outcomes of surgery. 
Chiari type 1 malformation presenting as an atypical benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in a 16 year old patient
Authors: Kelkar Ajinkya A. , Yates Philip D.
Published: December 2017

Dizziness and vertigo are very common symptoms and can be difficult to distinguish clinically. Vertigo is a specific subtype of dizziness in which a patient experiences the illusion of motion (often rotatory) of either themselves or their surroundings. Vertigo can be either peripheral (arising within the labyrinth) or central (brain). It is important to identify central aetiologies as they can be fatal if missed. This case report narrates a 16-year-old male who presented complaining of vertigo related to changes in head position which was initially misdiagnosed as a benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). It was several years before he was correctly diagnosed as having Chiari type 1 malformation on MRI scan. He underwent a surgical decompression with complete alleviation of his symptoms. All cases of atypical vertigo should be evaluated in detail. Patients with failure of initial management should undergo imaging to identify any central pathology. 
A novel technique in the treatment of post traumatic parotid duct sialocele
Authors: Gujrathi Atishkumar B. , Ambulgekar Vijayalaxmi
Published: December 2017

Stenson's duct of parotid gland is a major duct which drains saliva into the oral cavity. Deep penetrating wound in the form of cut or crush injury to the buccal area carries the risk of parotid duct injury. It is in the form of ductal exposure, laceration, total severing, or crushing of the duct. These conditions are difficult to diagnose because of complex anatomy and variable nature of injury. Successful management of parotid duct injury depends on early diagnosis and appropriate intervention, failing of which may lead to complications like sialocele or salivary fistula. Many techniques have been proposed for diagnosis and management of parotid duct injuries. This article presents an easy and an innovative technique to diagnose and manage the parotid duct injuries using an "epidural catheter" which is often used for inducing spinal anesthesia. The technique of epidural catheter usage, its advantages, and limitation over other techniques proposed for the management of parotid duct injury are discussed. 
A rare case of Ewing’s sarcoma in the sinonasal tract
Authors: Satish Deepthi , R. Nandakumar , A. M Balasubramanya , Mathew Nitty
Published: December 2017

Ewing's sarcoma (ES) first described by James Ewing in 1921, is a primary neoplasm of the skeletal system. Extraskeletal Ewing’s sarcoma (EES) is a rare, rapidly growing, round cell malignant tumour that can develop in the soft tissue at any location. Extraskeletal Ewings sarcoma of the head and neck is uncommon. Nearly 80% of patients are younger than 20 years with peak incidence in the second decade. Ewings sarcoma rarely affects the sinonasal tract. Diagnosis is after histopathological examination immunohistochemical studies and cytogenetic studies. Treatment will include a multidisciplinary approach with surgery as the first line followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Ewings sarcoma in the head and neck region do not metastazise early hence carries a better prognosis. Evaluation of lesion using imaging, biopsy followed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry and cytogenetic analysis are necessary for early diagnosis and treatment. We present a case of an 18-year-old male patient with left sided epistaxis and left sided nasal obstruction, on examination a mass was seen the nasal cavity, endoscopic excision and biopsy of the mass was suggestive of an Ewings sarcoma. He received post-operative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. 2 years on regular follow up patient is fine without signs of metastasis or recurrence. We are presenting this case due to the rarity of its presentation in the sinonasal tract.
Dysphagia following total laryngectomy: a myth or a reality? How can we help
Authors: Jagtap Mansi A. , Sheth Mansi Bhavesh
Published: December 2017

Total laryngectomy leads to drastic anatomical changes in the swallowing and breathing mechanism. Reduced tongue base retraction, poor pharyngeal clearance, stricture and prominence in the posterior pharyngeal wall have been reported to cause swallowing difficulties in individuals with total laryngectomy. The present case study describes the swallowing characteristics in an individual with total laryngectomy and discusses efficacy of swallowing maneuvers in total laryngectomy. A 55 yr/male, operated case of total laryngectomy using TEP reported with complaint of food getting stuck in the throat and vomiting sensation. He was fed orally and could tolerate only thick liquids. Swallowing assessment was carried out by clinical and instrumental tools (modified barium swallow) which revealed cricopharyngeal prominence, poor pharyngeal clearance and significant post swallow residue. Effortful swallow was attempted to explore the change in swallowing mechanism. Relaxation of pharyngeal wall with better pharyngeal clearance was seen with the maneuver. Clinically, the case reported of ability to swallow semisolids and solids well with the maneuver. At 3 month follow up, the case reported no difficulty in swallowing semisolids and solids orally. The above case study highlights on radiological evidence of swallowing abnormalities following total laryngectomy and further on the efficacy of maneuver on mechanism of swallowing. Hence, it can be noted that swallowing intervention has strong implications in patients with total laryngectomy. 
An isolated pisiform fracture: a case report
Authors: Kalaria Gaurav P. , Vora Padmanabh H. , Memon Rohan R.
Published: December 2017

With overall prevalence between 2% to 3%, carpal bone fractures are not encountered frequently in clinical practice. Amongst these, pisiform fractures have very low incidence of <0.2%, in which, more than half are associated with other carpal injuries, and sometimes ulnar styloid and ligamentous injuries. Thus, diagnosis of isolated pisiform fracture requires a very high index of suspicion. Hereby, authors report an isolated pisiform fracture in a 27 year old dentist who sustained an injury due to fall on outstretched hand. After radiographic confirmation in multiple views and CT scan, isolated-minimally displaced pisiform fracture was found. A below-elbow cast with slight palmar flexion was given for 4 weeks. He returned to normal pre-injury activities at 12 weeks.
Landscapes of the mid-low Xingu: archaeology, temporality and historicities
Authors: Garcia Lorena L.W.G.
Published: December 2017

Paisagens do médio-baixo Xingu: arqueologia, temporalidade e historicidade
A observância do princípio da proporcionalidade no direito comparado quanto à interceptação de dados digitais / The observance of the principle of proportionality in comparative law on digital data interception
Authors: Fedato Matheus Arcangelo , Kazmierczak Luiz Fernando
Published: December 2017

RESUMOO artigo se propõe a analisar como o princípio da proporcionalidade está sendo utilizado no contexto das interceptações informáticas, estando o tema ligado à vigilância digital para a garantia da segurança pública e a proteção da privacidade. A análise se dá pela observância de como ordenamentos jurídicos estrangeiros (EUA, Alemanha, Portugal) tratam a matéria, tendo em vista os programas de interceptação americanos e sua declarada guerra ao terrorismo, a jurisprudência alemã e a sua visão de proporcionalidade e Portugal pela regulamentação do tema por determinação da União Europeia. Constatou-se que a proporcionalidade tem sido utilizada como modo de balizar o conflito de interesses gerados pela colisão dos direitos fundamentais. A preservação da privacidade mostrou-se privilegiada, restando, como exceção, os programas de espionagem do governo norte-americano. Para atingir o objetivo do estudo, foi utilizado o método dedutivo, além de meios de pesquisa eletrônicos e bibliográficos.Palavras-chave: Princípio da Proporcionalidade; Colisão de Direitos; Segurança Pública; Privacidade; Interceptação de dados. ABSTRACTThe article proposes to analyze how the principle of proportionality is being used in the context of computer intercepts, linked the subject to the digital surveillance to guarantee public safety and the privacy protection. The analysis is based on observance of how foreign legal systems (USA, Germany, Portugal) deal with the matter, because of the American interception programs and their declaration of war on terrorism, the German jurisprudence and their view of proportionality and Portugal by regulating the subject by determination of the European Union. It has been observed that proportionality has been used as a means of assessing the conflict of interests generated by the collision of fundamental rights. The preservation of privacy has been privileged, with the exception of the espionage programs of the US government. To reach the study objective, the deductive method was used, as well as electronic and bibliographic research resources.Keywords: Principle of Proportionality; Collision of Rights; Public Safety; Privacy; Data Interception.
Las consecuencias fiscales de la baja de los socios cooperativistas que sean personas físicas
Authors: Atxabal Rada Alberto
Published: December 2017

El alta en la sociedad no tiene mayor trascendencia desde un punto de vista fiscal que la creación del vínculo contractual entre la cooperativa y el socio que explique las rentas o pagos que se vayan a realizar entre ellos. En cambio, la baja del socio sí está regulada fiscalmente. Se deben analizar las consecuencias tributarias que surgen cuando un socio, que sea a su vez una persona física, se da de baja de una cooperativa. La baja del socio persona física va a suponer un traslado patrimonial desde la cooperativa hacia el socio en forma de reembolso de aquellas aportaciones de capital que en su día realizó ese socio, que será sometida a gravamen en el Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas. En segundo lugar, el reembolso percibido en caso de baja del socio puede quedar sometido al Impuesto sobre Transmisiones Patrimoniales y Actos Jurídicos Documentados, en su modalidad de Operaciones Societarias, por los reembolsos que perciba el socio que se da de baja.Recibido: 21 febrero 2017Aceptado: 01 septiembre 2017Publicación en línea: 22 diciembre 2017
Site-specific weed management
Authors:   South Dakota State University, USA, Clay S.A. , Bruggeman S.A. ,   South Dakota State University, USA
Published: December 2017

Weeds vary in species and density across fields, but an attempt at uniform management is typically implemented. In this chapter, we review the definition and underpinnings of site-specific weed management, and discuss how information about weed spatial and temporal variability can be used to determine if weed management strategies should be varied by location. We consider how data regarding weed distribution can first be collected using satellites, aerial platforms and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and then verified (ground-truthed) by scouting. We also review the advantages of site-specific weed management, as well as the major factors which stand in the way of its adoption.
Flame weeding techniques
Authors:   University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA, Knezevic Stevan Z.
Published: December 2017

Flaming as a vegetation control method began in the mid-1800s. It is based on utilizing heat for plant control, and has the potential to be used effectively for at least six agronomic crops (field corn, sweet corn, popcorn, sorghum, soybean and sunflower) when conducted properly at the most tolerant crop growth stage. There has been increasing interest in integrating flame weeding with conventional cropping systems, and where herbicide use is undesirable, such as in cities, parks and other urban areas. In this chapter, we review flame weeding requirements, the mechanism by which it reduces weeds and the potential uses of the technique. We also consider its advantages and disadvantages, including its potential environmental impacts.
LOW CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT RELATED RISK TO Pneumocystis jiroveci PNEUMONIA IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS FROM BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE SPECIMENS USING REAL TIME PCR DETECTION
Authors: Widya Alicia Margaretta , Mertaniasih Ni Made , Kawilarang Arthur Pohan , Marhana Isnin Anang
Published: December 2017

HIV and opportunistic infections remain a big problem especially in developing country. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is a prevalent infection  in HIV infected patient with high mortality rate. Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is mainly based on clinical evidence. Microbiological diagnosis is quite challenging since this microorganism cannot be cultured and is mainly based on microscopic examination. Microscopic examination with special staining is still a gold standard diagnosis for P. jiroveci infection.The objectives of this study was to describe CD4 lymphocyte profile and establish microbiological diagnosis with recent molecular method in PJP suspected HIV positive patients. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy of HIV infected patients with lower respiratory tract infection in Dr. Soetomo general hospital Surabaya were performed to collect bronchoalveolar lavage specimens  from December 2016 to April 2017 for identification of Pneumocystis jiroveci using real time PCR assay. Positive samples were then evaluated for  microscopic examination with Gommori Methenamine Silver staining for comparison. Patient’s CD4 lymphocyte count were gathered prior of admission. CD4 lymphocyte count from this study were very low with 61% of the patients were below 50 cells/ µL. There were five of  total thirteen patients (38,5%) with positive real time PCR assay (MSG gene)  and one patient was also positive with GMS staining showing characteristic cysts shape with dark centered area of P. jiroveci. Patient with positive microscopic examination showed no history of prophylactic therapy. Low CD4 lymphocyte count remains a strong risk factor of P. jiroveci pneumonia in HIV/AIDS patients. Real time PCR assay shows high value in detection of P. jiroveci regarding patient’s prophylactic status.
Is Equilibrium Modelling Outdated for Recent Challenges in River Management?
Authors: Varrani Arianna , Nones Michael
Published: December 2017

To date, several different approaches are available to study sediment dynamics at reach or watershed scale, based on very different hypothesis. One of such assumptions, the so-called “morphodynamic equilibrium hypothesis” is becoming little unpopular for its embedded simplifications. The aim of this work is to demonstrate how this approach proves yet effective in modelling landscape morphodynamics at the watershed scale, for what concerns the longitudinal profile of a river and the sedimentary aspects. The application of a 1-D model based on the equilibrium hypothesis has been implemented for several large rivers worldwide. Geomorphological parameters have been analysed, which describe the evolution of longitudinal profile (concavity) and sediments characteristics (aggrading and fining), and the results show a reasonably good correspondence with qualitative estimation of the same parameters. At the scale of analysis and for the chosen systems, which show high inertia to geomorphological changes likely owing to their longitudinal extension, the model can detect where the present conditions reflect a big disturbance to the “natural equilibrium” thus allowing water managers to identify present issues to be addressed.
TGF-Beta 1 and the Spinal Cord-Specific Outcome of Multiple Sclerosis Active Plaques
Authors: Nataf Serge
Published: December 2017

We recently reported that in the spinal cord of PPMS or SPMS patients, large areas of periplaque demyelinating lesions extend distance away from plaque borders. Such lesions are characterized by a progliotic TGF-beta 1 signature accompanied by: i) a low-grade inflammatory reaction, ii) an extensive astrocytosis and iii) a process of incomplete demyelination. It was proposed that, while efficiently dampening inflammation in MS spinal cords, TGF-beta 1 could promote astrocytosis, prevent remyelination and possibly trigger alterations of myelin synthesis. In light of these findings, a re-interpretation of two large neuropathological studies performed on MS brains and spinal cords is provided here. While results from these studies clearly showed that active plaques do not display any region-specific distribution, an important point was apparently overlooked and not discussed by the authors: a significantly higher percentage of inactive plaques was found in MS spinal cords as compared to brains and, conversely, the percentage of slowly-expanding (or smoldering) lesions was significantly lower in the spinal cord as compared to the brain. These data indicate that the spinal cord environment may be more favorable to the resolution of inflammation. Downstream of the autoimmune process leading to plaque formation, region-specific mechanisms may thus drive the outcome of active plaques. While inflammation triggers tissue destruction, inflammation may also be needed for effective tissue repair and an inappropriate dampening of inflammatory events may possibly translate into a poor level of remyelination in MS spinal cords. It is proposed here that TGF-beta 1 is involved in such a brain-spinal cord dissociation of active plaques outcome.
El CISEI: referente en investigación sobre enfermedades infecciosas en el siglo XXI
Authors: Santos Preciado José Ignacio
Published: December 2017

En siglo XXI las enfermedades infecciosas son la segunda causa de muerte a nivel global y se pueden encontrar como las persistentes o endémicas, las reemergentes y las emergentes. La magnitud y frecuencia de estas enfermedades varía por región, lo que depende de las condiciones sociales, económicas, políticas y de infraestructura sanitaria de cada país...
ESTIMATIVA DAS EROSIVIDADES ANUAIS E MAPEAMENTO PARA O ESTADO DO CEARÁ/ Estimation of erosivity annual and mapping for the State of Ceará
Authors: Filho Jacques Carvalho Ribeiro , Dos Santos Júlio Cesar Neves , Neto José Ribeiro de Aruajo , Lemos Filho Luis Cesar de Aquino , Brasil Jose Bandeira
Published: December 2017

A erosão hídrica tem apresentado elevado potencial de redução na capacidade produtiva dos solos além de ocasionar problemas ambientais relacionados ao assoreamento e poluição dos recursos hídricos. Entre os diversos fatores ligados à erosão, a erosividade das chuvas é um dos mais importantes. O potencial da chuva para gerar erosão do solo é conhecido como erosividade, sendo sua estimativa fundamental para a compreensão da vulnerabilidade do recurso solo de uma determinada região. Nesse sentido, o trabalho objetiva especializar as informações de erosividade anual das chuvas para o Estado do Ceará-Brasil.  O Estado do Ceará está subdividido em 12 bacias hidrográficas, para uma melhor gestão dos recursos hídricos de cada região. Com área total de 148.825,6 km², o estado apresenta a 1,75% do território nacional. O uso da geoestatística mostrou-se adequado para a mensuração da dependência espacial da chuva e erosividade para o Estado do Ceará, tendo o modelo teórico exponencial apresentadou melhor resultado. Constatou-se que as maiores alturas pluviométricas e índices de erosividade foram registrados nas bacias do litoral, já as menores, na área mais central do Estado do Ceará. Quanto. à erosividade, nota-se que a região litorânea classifica-se como alta (7.000 < R < 9.000 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 ano-1), já o restante do estado classifica-se como média (5.000 < R < 7.000 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 ano-1).
MODELOS GEOPOLÍTICOS: UMA INTERPRETAÇÃO DE MUNDO/Geopolitic Models: a world interpretation
Authors: De Lima Wendell Teles , Oliveira Ana Maria Libório , Silva Itaçara Oliveira
Published: December 2017

As teorias de interpretação da realidade geográfica do mundo contemporâneo, diante de uma perspectiva geopolítica, em sua grande maioria, são restritas a um modelo baseado no regionalismo tradicional francês, em princípio, baseado no quadro teórico interpretativo da escola francesa, no século XIX, nesse sentido, é necessário que a busca intelectual seja feita para superar este paradigma, para a interpretação dos fenômenos geográficos e geopolíticos, em função da nova realidade mundial, na perspectiva dos novos centros de poder. Portanto, a construção ainda em curso de um mundo multipolar rebate na emergência dos novos centros. Na superação desse fato, tem-se as teorias neoeurasianas e meridionalistas, buscou-se compreender essas duas teorias e em seguida uma alternativa ainda inicial proposta pela teórica das escalas geopolíticas geográficas multifunções. Os caminhos trilhados para esse objetivo foram: a organização do pensamento através da metodologia interpretativa das duas teorias, logo depois, uma interpretação de uma nova possibilidade, interpretativa de proposição geopolítica.
ANÁLISE DO PROCESSO DE USO E OCUPAÇÃO DA ORLA DA PRAIA DO AREIÃO (ILHA DE MOSQUEIRO-PA), TENDO EM VISTA O CUPRIMENTO DAS DIRETRIZES DO PLANO NACIONAL DE GERENCIAMENTO COSTEIRO (LEI 7.661/88)./ Analysis of using and occupation process of Areião Beach Edge
Authors: Viana Ivan Gomes
Published: December 2017

Ao longo do processo de integração da ilha de Mosqueiro à região metropolitana de Belém, grande parte da população concentrou-se na zona costeira. Essa atração populacional se deu, sobretudo, devido às potencialidades turísticas da ilha. Segundo o Plano Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro, por estar localizada em um estuário, a orla de Mosqueiro está dentro da área de abrangência da zona costeira brasileira, bem como, é amparada por uma legislação específica para estes espaços. Na extensão da praia do Areião são identificadas distintas formas de uso e ocupação que interagem com a dinâmica natural da praia, podendo ser caracterizados 4 setores na praia. Estes setores apresentam particularidades com relação ao cumprimento de algumas diretrizes estabelecidas pela legislação que ordena o uso e a ocupação da zona costeira.
Gas Lift Valve R-Ratios
Authors: Decker K. L.
Published: December 2017

The R-ratio is considered a constant, equal to the area of the port (Ap) divided by the bellows effective area. When gas lift valves are tested for both opening and closing pressures, it is possible to calculate the R-ratio. The calculated R-ratio from test data is consistently larger than the manufacturers’ published R-ratios. This paper presents a discussion of the factors affecting the R-ratio and an explanation for the difference between published and tested R-ratios. The R-ratio is not a constant but varies with dome pressure, port-material strength, bellows size, and port size. A method is proposed to calculate or test the true R-ratio.

The use of the area of the port (Ap) in the R-ratio is not completely accurate. The area should be the seal area (As) defined by the outer-sealing diameter of the ball (Ds) on the port. It is possible to test valve behavior to determine the seal area, and it is recommended that the tests be conducted in order to use the correct R-ratio when designing gas lift wells. A method to apply the use of the measured R-ratio is also provided.
Climate Change Impacts on Yields and Soil Carbon in Row Crop Dryland Agriculture
Authors: Robertson Andy D. , Zhang Yao , Sherrod Lucretia A. , Rosenzweig Steven T. , Ma Liwang , Ahuja Lajpat , Schipanski Meagan E.
Published: December 2017

Dryland agroecosystems could be a sizable sink for atmospheric carbon (C) due to their spatial extent and level of degradation, providing climate change mitigation. We examined productivity and soil C dynamics under two climate change scenarios (moderate warming, representative concentration pathway [RCP] 4.5; and high warming, RCP 8.5), using long‐term experimental data and the DayCent process‐based model for three sites with varying climates and soil conditions in the US High Plains. Each site included a no‐till cropping intensity gradient introduced in 1985, with treatments ranging from wheat–fallow (Triticum aestivum L.) to continuous annual cropping and perennial grass. Simulations were extended to 2100 using data from 16 global circulation models to estimate uncertainty. Simulated yields declined for all crops (up to 50% for wheat), with small changes after 2050 under RCP 4.5 and continued losses to 2100 under RCP 8.5. Of the cropped systems, continuous cropping had the highest average productivity and soil C sequestration rates (78.1 kg C ha−1 yr−1 from 2015 to 2045 under RCP 4.5). Any increase in soil C for cropped rotations was realized by 2050, but grassland treatments increased soil C (up to 69%) through 2100, even under RCP 8.5. Our simulations indicate that reduced frequency of summer fallow can both increase annualized yields and store more soil C. As evapotranspiration is likely to increase, reducing fallow periods without live vegetation from dryland agricultural rotations may enhance the resilience of these systems to climate change while also increasing soil C storage and mitigating carbon dioxide emissions.

Core Ideas

Soil C sequestration rates increased with cropping intensity.

Water‐limited systems will see increased yield losses under climate change.

Intensive systems retained soil C but with more variability under climate change.

Grasslands are likely to sequester more soil C than annual cropping systems.