bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidenciação dos Custos das Ações Sociais das Empresas Listadas na Carteira do ISE nos Anos de 2005-2013
Authors: Garcia Inajá Allane Santos , Azevedo Fabiana Lucena Bezerra de , Azevedo Camila Catarine De Araújo , Araujo Aneide Oliveira
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar se as empresas que se declaram socialmente responsáveis divulgam as informações dos custos sociais e se há uma segregação desses custos em internos e externos, pois, de acordo com Melo Neto e Froes (2004), as ações sociais podem ser classificadas seguindo o foco ao qual elas se destinam, podendo ser interno, externo ou cidadã. A metodologia adotada foi a análise documental nos relatórios das companhias. A amostra compreende as empresas de capital aberto que fizeram parte da carteira do Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) desde 2005 até 2013. Pode-se verificar que, no geral, as empresas estão divulgando os custos relativos as ações sociais realizadas, porém não de maneira uniforme. Das dez empresas, foi possível identificar que apenas cinco apresentaram de forma segregada os custos sociais em internos e externos durante todo o período da análise. Quanto ao comportamento dos custos sociais internos, se apresentam em crescimento e com pouca oscilação dos valores. Enquanto que, os valores dos custos externos apresentaram muitas oscilações, e de 2012 para 2013 observou-se diminuição dos mesmos. Quando se analisou os valores acumulados, foi possível perceber que os custos externos foram os mais evidenciados pelas empresas, pois, das cinco empresas analisadas apenas uma apresentou maior valor investido nos custos internos. Isso demonstra que as empresas estão mais interessadas em investir em ações sociais voltadas para a comunidade local e para a sociedade, do que investir em ações sociais direcionadas para os seus colaboradores.
The Roots of Logical Hylomorphism
Authors: Драгалина-Черная Е.Г.
Published: December 2016

The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the origin and the bounds of the schematic hylomorphism in ancient and medieval logic. The sub-purposes are fourfold. Firstly, various explications of the logical hylomorphism will be illustrated. Secondly, I propose to reevaluate certain interpretations of Aristotle’s syllogistic. I attempt to answer the question why Aristotle was not the founder of logical hylomorphism. Thirdly, I aim to qualify the schematic hylomorphism of Alexander of Aphrodisias. Finally, I focus on the medieval discussions on syncategoremata and formal consequences.DOI: 10.21146/2074-1472-2016-22-2-59-72
Логические идеи Феодора Продрома: «Ксенедем, или гласы»
Authors: Гончарко О. Ю. , Слилин Я. А. , Черноглазов Д. А.
Published: December 2016

В данной статье — первой в историко-философском цикле наших статей о ло- гических трудах Феодора Продрома — рассматривается диалог «Ксенедем, или гласы», написанный в платоновской традиции диалога и посвященный разбору определений пяти предикабилий Порфирия. Этот мало изученный логический труд широко известного византийского автора XII века до сих пор не переведен ни на один из современных языков научного сообщества и практически неизве- стен как в историко-логической научной литературе, так и в исследованиях, по- священных византийской художественной литературе. Однако, он представляет определенный интерес с точки зрения изучения историко-логической, историко- философской и историко-литературной проблематики. Цель статьи — познакомить современного читателя с логическими головоломками Феодора Продрома, а также предложить некоторые наброски их возможных решений.DOI: 10.21146/2074-1472-2016-22-2-91-122
Physicochemical effect of activation temperature on the sorption properties of pine shell activated carbon
Authors: Wasim Agha Arslan , Khan Muhammad Nasiruddin
Published: December 2016

Activated carbons produced from a variety of raw materials are normally selective towards a narrow range of pollutants present in wastewater. This study focuses on shifting the selectivity of activated carbon from inorganic to organic pollutants using activation temperature as a variable. The material produced from carbonization of pine shells substrate was activated at 250°C and 850°C. Both adsorbents were compared with commercial activated carbon for the sorption of lead, cadmium, methylene blue, methyl blue, xylenol orange, and crystal violet. It was observed that carbon activated at 250°C was selective for lead and cadmium whereas the one activated at 850°C was selective for the organic dyes. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study revealed that AC850 had less surface functional groups as compared to AC250. Point of zero charge and point of zero salt effect showed that AC250 had acidic groups at its surface. Scanning electron microscopy depicted that increase in activation temperature resulted in an increase in pore size of activated carbon. Both AC250 and AC850 followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Temkin isotherm model was a best fit for empirical data obtained at equilibrium. The model also showed that sorption process for both AC250 and AC850 was physisorption.
Expansão do ensino superior: notas sobres seus limites e possibilidades
Authors: Schlesener Anita Helena , Pereira Maria de Fátima Rodrigues
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo aborda o tema da expansão do ensino superior no Brasil no contexto dos governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores. As políticas educacionais são analisadas a fim de mostrar os limites e as possibilidades que a expansão do ensino superior apresentam para as classes trabalhadoras, cujos objetivos de acesso ao conhecimento e de emancipação não concordam com os objetivos do contexto econômico e social alinhado com interesses econômicos internacionais. As leis evidenciam as contradições sociais de uma sociedade profundamente desigual e, na correlação de forças, o setor privado avança gradativamente na defesa de seus interesses. A expansão expressa muitas possibilidades e, ao mesmo tempo, os limites impostos pelas determinações dos fundos internacionais.
Regulação e qualidade: conceitos imbricados nas políticas de avaliação e de formação de professores
Authors: Trevisan Mônica de Souza , Sarturi Rosane Carneiro
Published: December 2016

Este artigo tem o objetivo identificar os conceitos de regulação e qualidade presentes nos documentos legais, que regem as políticas públicas de avaliação da educação superior e de formação de professores, visando estabelecer as relações entre estas políticas. O problema de pesquisa assim se apresenta: como as políticas públicas de formação de professores para a educação básica e de avaliação da educação superior podem estar relacionadas com a regulação e a qualidade? O trabalho fundamenta-se na pesquisa bibliográfica e documental conforme Gil (2011), pois, utilizamos documentos como: as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a formação inicial e continuada de professores da educação básica, conforme Resolução CNE/CP n.º 2/2015; o Instrumento de Avaliação de Cursos de Graduação Presencial e a Distância, e a política de avaliação para a Educação Superior, especificamente a Lei n.º 10.861/2004 que estabelece o Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (Sinaes). O conceito de qualidade fundamenta-se principalmente em Morosini (2001; 2009), e o de regulação em Barroso (2005; 2006). Observamos que regulação e qualidade estão presentes em ambas as políticas e são relacionados com a forma em que se propõe avaliar as licenciaturas. A avaliação ganha relevância na atual política de formação de professores que traz na Resolução CNE/CP n.º 2/2015 a preocupação explicita com padrão de qualidade para os cursos de licenciatura.
Políticas públicas e regulação da educação: temas em debate
Authors: Kadzerski Chaiane Oliveira
Published: December 2016

O livro lançado pela Editora Mercado de letras – Campinas, SP é um conjunto de trabalhos de pesquisadores do Brasil e de outros países, a saber: México e Portugal. Tem como foco principal as opções políticas e as práticas de regulação operadas no setor, refletindo e compartilhando a análise acerca das questões e dilemas que atravessam as políticas educacionais contemporâneas. A obra organizada pelos Doutores Elton Luiz Nardi (Unoesc), Maria de Lourdes Pinto de Almeida (Unoesc/Unicamp), e Isabel Maria Torres Carvalho Viana (UM), reúne nove capítulos organizados em duas partes, sendo a primeira reservada para o enfoque das “Tendências, agendas e imperativos da regulação da educação” e a segunda parte, para os debates das “políticas e regulação da educação no Brasil”.
PROFILE OF COGNITIVE STRUCTURE OF STUDENTS IN UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF REAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Widada Wahyu
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this research is to describe proil cognitive structure of students in understanding the concept of real analysis. This research is part of the research development of the theory of cognitive structure of students Mathematics Education Program at the University of Bengkulu. The results of this research are: 1)there are seven models decompositions of genetic students mathematics education reviewed based on the SRP Model about the concepts of Real Analysis namely Pra-Intra Level, Level intra, Level semi-inter, Level inter, Level semi-trans, Trans Level, level and Extended-Trans (only theoretic level while empirically not found); 2) There are six models decompositions of genetic students mathematics education reviewed based on KA about the concepts of Real Analysis namely Level 0: Objects of concrete steps; Level 1: Models Semi-concrete steps; Level 2: Models Theoretic; Level 3: Language in Domain Example; Level 4: Mathematical Language; Level 5: Inferensi Model. Profile of cognitive structure of mathematics education student at the University of Bengkulu is 6.25% Students located on the Basic Level (Pra-Intra Level with concrete objects), there is 8.75% Students located at Level 0 (intra Level with concrete objects), there are 15,00% Students located at Level 1 (semi-Level inter with Semi-Concrete Model), there are 33.75 percent students located on Level 2 (Level inter with theoretical model), there are 22.50 percent students located at Level 3 (Semi-trans Level with the Bible in Domain example), there are located on the student percent during the Level 4 (Trans Level with the language of Mathematics), and there are 0 percent students located at Level 5 (Level Extended-Trans with Inferensi Model). Students Education Mathematics at the University of Bengkulu pembangunnya element is functional can achieve Trans Level, students will be able to set up activities and make the algorithm that formed the concept/principles with the right. Functional students can also perform the process of abstraction using the rules in a system of mathematics.
RELASI TINGKAT KEHARMONISAN KELUARGA DENGAN KONSEP DIRI REMAJA
Authors: Isminayah Asvi , Supandi ,
Published: December 2016

Self concept is individual evaluation of ones characteristics and ability. A family as the first and major institution for the adolescent has an important role in providing education, love, guidance and supervision so they can grow up with positive self concept. The purpose of the research is to know the relationship between the harmony level of family and the self concept of adolescent in Bayat, Klaten. The research uses correlative quantitative method. It involves 53 adolescent chosen by random sampling. The result of the research shows high harmony level of family in Bayat (71,7%), and high category of adolescents self concept (56,6%). The hypothesis testing with Pearson Product Moment correlative analysis shows that there is positive and significant relationship between the harmony level of family and the adolescents self concept with the probability 0,000 (< 0,05) and correlation coefficient (rxy) 0,713.
“Across the Great Divide”: Imitation and Inflection in Canadian Rock Music
Authors: Grant Barry K.
Published: December 2016

This paper theorizes an aesthetic framework for understanding Canadian rock music by examining the economic/historical conditions in this country’s music industry and their relation to the music industry in the United States which largely determines it. A dialectical tension between imitation of American rock forms and playing with their conventions is presented, and examples from the beginning of pop rock in Canada in the 1950s to the present are discussed to show that an essential characteristic of Canadian music is generic subversion. It is chiefly in this way that Canadian rock artists have attempted to make Canadian rock and roll.
The Social Effects of Demographic Change: Canada 1851-1981
Authors: Beaujot Roderic P. , MCQuillan Kevin
Published: December 2016

The wide-ranging effects of the post-war baby boom on Canadian society have served to focus attention on the significance of demographic change. However, most of this attention has centred on relatively short-term fluctuations in demographic patterns while ignoring equally important long-term trends. In this paper we describe the transformation which has occurred in Canadian population patterns since the mid-nineteenth century and briefly consider some of the most important social and economic consequences of these trends. Some of the implications of a continuation of present trends for the future of Canadian society are also discussed.
The Public Faith of a Democratic Socialist
Authors: Hutchinson Roger
Published: December 2016

This paper examines the public faith which sustained the social passion of 1930’s reformers such as Leonard Marsh and other members of the League for Social Reconstruction. First, it analyses the tendency, inherent in modern social science, to privatize faith and to secularize the public realm. Second, it considers elements of this 1930’s public faith by examining the assumptions about human personality contained within F.R. Scott and David Lewis’s Make This Your Canada. Finally, it argues that the notions embedded in this public faith were rooted in the religious heritage of the nation, and were carried into the Canadian mainstream by identifiable religious organizations. The Fellowship for a Christian Social Order and the United Church of Canada both promoted the faith of social reformers and provided an explicitly theological foundation for it in Christian teachings.
The Marsh Report Revisited
Authors: Kitchen Brigitte
Published: December 2016

Leonard Marsh’s Report on Social Security for Canada (1943) represents one of the most coherent statements of the purpose and scope of the welfare state made in Canada. Although produced in only six weeks, it was the culmination of more than ten years of Marsh’s social research at McGill University and the capstone of his social policy career. The Report was based upon three essential principles: full employment as an essential complement to social security; a basic social minimum provided through a combination of social insurance, social assistance where necessary, and family allowances; and the separation of the needs of children from those of their parents through the payment of family allowances sufficient to cope with the needs of families of varying sizes. Although the Report failed to deal adequately with the specific inequality faced by women in the workplace and the family, in most other respects it anticipated the emerging social policy needs of the next four decades. Indeed, Marsh’s vision of an integrated and coherent welfare state has yet to be realized within Canada.
Leonard Charles Marsh: A Canadian Social Reformer
Authors: Wilcox-Magill Dennis William , Helmes-Hayes Richard C.
Published: December 2016

Leonard Charles Marsh had a long and fruitful career as a Canadian social reformer. He is best known as the author of Social Security for Canada (1943), a volume which firmly established his reputation as an architect of the Canadian welfare state. This article, a descriptive “research biography,” outlines Marsh’s background at the LSE, summarizes his Fabian beliefs, and reviews his major publications, stressing throughout his lifelong commitment to the causes of social justice and rationality through progressive social reform.
Canadian Immigration Policy and the Cold War, 1945-1980
Authors: Finkel Alvin
Published: December 2016

This article outlines Canadian government attitudes from 1945 to 1960 towards the immigration of persons suspected of past involvement in either the far left or the far right. It demonstrates that, while initially both groups were regarded as undesirable immigrants, there was a gradual relaxation of the ban on entry of extreme rightists, whereas the anti-leftist policy remained rigidly intact. Using dubious notions of “security risks” to exclude some groups and include others, the government by 1960 was implementing policies which regarded former Nazis as desirable citizens while labeling Communists and left-wing Socialists as beyond the pale.
Measurement, Myth, and Reality: Reflections on the Economic History of Nineteenth-Century Ontario
Authors: McCalla Douglas , George Peter
Published: December 2016

In 1780 Ontario was little more than a military base and fur trade way-station; by 1900 it was an altogether modern industrial economy. In just over a century a new economy was founded, grew substantially in population and output, and developed markedly, as evidenced by structural changes in the economy and rising levels of per capita income. Rather little is known about many dimensions of this economic transition. In this paper the authors discuss some of the major elements in the debate about the nature of Ontarios development, and indicate their priorities in the specification of a research agenda on Ontarios economic history
Jasper Grant and Edward Walsh: The Gentleman-Soldier as Early Collector of Great Lakes Indian Art
Authors: Phillips Ruth B.
Published: December 2016

Colonel Jasper Grant’s early nineteenth-century collection of Indian objects from southern Ontario offers an unusual opportunity to examine Great Lakes Indian art on the eve of the European settlement of Ontario. Beyond the intrinsic interest of its parts, the collection can be used to illustrate the viability of applying art historical methods to historic period Woodlands Indian art. Considerable documentation exists for the Grant collection in the form of official military records and private correspondence. It is thus possible to determine quite closely the geographical provenance of the objects. Ethno-historical information and early nineteenth century pictorial representation may then be used to interpret the functional context of the objects and their stylistic and iconographic features.
Grove’s "Nationhood" and the European Immigrant
Authors: Padolsky Enoch
Published: December 2016

In three important essays — "Nationhood," "Canadians Old and New," and "Assimilation" — Frederick Philip Grove addresses the fundamental question of Canada’s identity and discusses the role of the European immigrant in the nation. The essays are significant since they constitute Grove’s participation in the heated national debate on immigration in the late 1920s. They also clarify a number of ideas which are central to his fiction: the opposition of spiritual and material values, the psychology of the immigrant, the relationship of the generations, and Grove’s views on society in general.
The Narrator, the Reader, and Mariposa: The Cost of Preserving the Status Quo in Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town
Authors: Zichy Francis
Published: December 2016

This paper addresses the question of the narrator’s relation to his subject in Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town, and what many readers have judged to be his equivocal tone in presenting it. The main focus of discussion is a central preoccupation in Sunshine Sketches, the preservation of the Mariposa status qua and way of life. In the narrator’s account a special kind of equivocation rules, as over the long run he rescues his characters from change and outside influence and yet reveals their limitations. Some readers have judged this equivocation to be evasive, a sign of a refusal on the part of the narrator, and therefore Leacock, to take full measure of his subject. I argue that the narrator’s equivocation does indeed have a purpose, which is not to satirize Mariposa by comparison with some external standard, but over the long run to convince himself and the reader that with all its faults the world of Mariposa is, or was, the best world after all. The equivocation is part of an attempt to frame a consolatory argument out of unpromising materials, and a simultaneous admission of the narrator’s failure to fully console even himself.
Les Influences leplaysiennes au Canada français, 1855-1888
Authors: Trépanier Pierre
Published: December 2016

Au dix-neuvième siècle Frédéric Le Play et son école ont initié des intellectuels canadiens-français à la “science sociale,” qui était en train de se constituer en tant que science d’observation. Mais plus qu’à la méthode, c’est d’abord à la doctrine que ces intellectuels ont été sensibles. Par ailleurs, on a trop exclusivement associé le nom de Léon Gérin à ce chapitre de notre histoire culturelle. La lente familiarisation des Canadiens français avec le mouvement leplaysien a commencé avant lui et s’est faite, du moins en partie, en dehors de lui. Mais ce n’est que tardivement qu’elle a abouti à des réalisations concrètes.
A Whale for the Killing and the Politics of Culture and Ecology
Authors: Overton James
Published: December 2016

Farley Mowat’s book, A Whale for the Killing (1972), describes the 1967 killing of a whale near Burgeo. Newfoundland. The story also dramatizes Mowat’s growing disillusionment with the rural Newfoundland he sought to defend against the intrusions of modem urban-industrial life and Joey Smallwood’s development schemes. Premiered in 1981 and shot in the wake of the seal hunt controversy of the late 1970s, the film was surrounded by a flurry of propaganda about the positive image given to Newfoundlanders in the script. This essay analyses both film and book. It argues that there are significant differences in the two narratives and that the film story is best understood within the context of the images and issues raised by the seal hunt. The film is not primarily the story of one individual’s disillusionment, but rather a simple morality story which presents Newfoundlanders in an unfavourable light.
Le patronage politique: rationalités et moralité
Authors: Hudon Raymond
Published: December 2016

A la lumière d’un rappel des traits spécifiques aux relations de patronage politique, la question se pose de la pertinence d’une analyse des pratiques de patronage aujourd’hui. Confronté aux discours moralisateurs de dénonciation et, surtout, à l’extension d’une rationalité technocratique et à l’expansion du domaine des fonctionnaires, le patronage politique semble soumis à une série de règles qui incitent à percevoir un recul apparent. Il est plutôt suggéré de prendre en compte les changements de formes et de lieux des pratiques de patronage pour signaler la prudence nécessaire dans l’évaluation de leur évolution. Les transformations significatives des rapports de clientèle n’évacuent pas la rationalité politique qui caractérise les relations de patronage (politique) et qui se rattache spécifiquement à la conduite de rapports de rivalité.
Patronage politique et nominations par décret: l’utilité d’un contrôle parlementaire
Authors: Pelletier Réjean
Published: December 2016

Le patronage implique une relation entre un patron et un client. Ce n’est pas tant le caractère asymétrique de cette relation que le caractère discrétionnaire du choix opéré par le patron qui nous intéresse ici. Au Canada, les différentes nominations effectuées par le gouverneur en conseil tombent dans cette dernière catégorie. C’est là une prérogative qui n’est soumise à aucune forme directe de contrôle parlementaire, sinon à la période des questions en Chambre. C’est pourquoi le rapport McGrath a proposé un mécanisme de contrôle sur ces nominations qui s’effectuerait en commissions parlementaires. Ce à quoi a acquiescé le gouvernement Mulroney, mais en fixant certaines balises qui viennent tempérer cette première réforme. Malgré ses limites, cette réforme comporte des éléments positifs qui constituent un pas important dans l’examen des nominations par décret.
Patronage and Corruption in Hierarchies
Authors: Breton Albert
Published: December 2016

The paper argues that hierarchies should not be conceived as command systems, but as exchange networks based on trust. The exchange is regulated by internal and external competition. When competition is strong, the payments (patronage) reflect the resource cost of network services; when it is weak, excess-resources will be available for the pursuit of personal, not-basic-to-the-organization, objectives. Some of these may be identified as corrupt. If subordinates control the excess-resources, whatever way they dispose of them will be labelled corruption. To prevent this kind of corruption superiors can dislocate the networks of subordinates. It follows that corruption is partly a matter of structure and partly the result of voluntary decisions.
The Two Trudeaus: Federal Patronage in Quebec, 1968-84
Authors: Simpson Jeffrey
Published: December 2016

Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, a trenchant critic of the political mores of Quebec before the Quiet Revolution, ended his own career in federal politics with an astonishing display of political patronage. Whatever qualms Trudeau had about the traditional political uses of patronage disappeared when the power to favour friends was his. Both the demands of the Liberal rank-and-file and the need to combat the Parti Québécois after 1976 led Trudeau to use patronage and pork-barrelling to win favour for his party and for federalism in Quebec. His attitudes towards patronage show how it can be used constructively — in promoting minority groups to public positions — and destructively — in widening cynicism about the political process.
“To the Schools We Must Look for Good Canadians”: Developments in the Teaching of History in Schools Since 1960
Authors: Osborne Kenneth
Published: December 2016

This paper surveys developments in the teaching of Canadian history in schools since the 1960s. It argues that history in schools has always been intended to promote “citizenship” and that concern for citizenship has produced challenges to history’s traditional status in the schools. In particular, two rivals have emerged to challenge history: the social sciences and Canadian Studies, whose supporters claim that they are more effective than history as vehicles for citizenship education in a Canadian setting. The paper concludes by noting that historians have been largely absent from the debate of what essentially is a question of important public policy.
Controlling Obscenity: What Difference Does the Charter of Rights Make?
Authors: LaSelva Samuel V.
Published: December 2016

This paper considers the implications of the Charter’s freedom of expression provision for obscenity cases. It argues that judges are no longer entitled to rely on the community standards test because that test is inconsistent with the immunities that the possession of individual rights implies and, more specifically, with the liberal principles that ground those rights. The Charter, however, does not prohibit all regulation of obscenity. The paper goes on to show how some forms of regulation — especially a system of regulation based on a nuisance principle - are not merely permitted by the Charter but in fact respect the rights that individuals have. The starting point of that argument is the fact that the Charter confers equal rights; its conclusion is a liberal theory of obscenity.
The Ancestral Journey: Travels with George Grant
Authors: Duffy Dennis
Published: December 2016

George Grant’s career can be interpreted in terms of a series of journeys, actual and symbolic, personal and ancestral. From the transcontinental travels of his grandfather, G.M. Grant, to his own anguished perceptions of the Continentalist fate that had overtaken Canada, a preoccupation with the country’s destiny continues. Such personal travels as those occasioned by his wartime service and his 1960 return to Ontario to take up an academic position had their reverberations in his writing. These writings — known for their brevity and trenchancy — in turn shaped the vocabulary of a generation of writers and thinkers.
Changing the Crow’s Nest Freight Rate
Authors: Munro Gary
Published: December 2016

In ending the Crow’s Nest Freight Rate with the Western Grain Transportation Act of 1983, the federal government hoped to limit its financial liability, reduce economic distortions, and reap political benefits. A number of factors limited the government’s success. The related issues of grain transportation and the Crow rate were in particular highly sensitive. Other federal policies had created a climate of suspicion which was difficult to overcome. Opponents of the Crow rate changes believed that they would not only increase the cost of transportation but would also threaten the survival of rural, prairie communities. Opposition from the government of Quebec placed additional pressure on the federal government. The federal government’s initiative thus fell short of both its economic and political goals.
“Limited Identities” and Canadian Historical Scholarship: An Atlantic Provinces Perspective
Authors: Buckner Phillip A.
Published: December 2016

This paper discusses the evolution of the concept of "limited identifies," which became the catch phrase of the Canadian historical profession in the 1960s. It attempts to assess whether a revolution has really taken place in Canadian historiography by focusing on the extent to which the récent work by historians of the Atlantic provinces has influenced and been incorporated into the writing of "national" history. It concludes that while there has been a blossoming of régional history, Atlantic régional scholarship has had a limited impact at the national level and it would be premature to abandon the "limited identifies" approach.
The Poetry and Prose of History: Evangeline and the Historians of Nova Scotia
Authors: Taylor M. Brook
Published: December 2016

This paper examines the way in which American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Evangeline: A Tale of Acadie challenged the sensibilities of the English-speaking community of nineteenth-century Nova Scotia. Longfellow's evocative description of the cruel and unnecessary expulsion of the Acadians suggested that the province was built on an act of immorality which tainted all subsequent achievements. Nova Scotia historians attempted to counter Longfellow's picture of events by undermining his credibility as an historian: the poet was just that, a poet. Their actions in turn prompted a response from the Acadian community, for whom Evangeline had become a symbol of renewal. With racial passions inflamed, arguments on both sides degenerated into squalid accusations of bias and suppression of evidence. This debate took the reputation of some of Nova Scotia's finest historians down with it.
In Search of the Liberal Mind: Thomas McCulloch and the Impulse to Action
Authors: McMullin Stanley E.
Published: December 2016

Thomas McCulloch’s liberalism evolves steadily from an abstract and somewhat vague theological perception of world history drawn from his analysis of the Scriptures to a more concrete social liberalism based upon the pragmatic evidence of social evils in Nova Scotian society. This paper traces his thought through his theological, political, educational, and satiric writing. While McCulloch’s vision does contain utopian overtones, it is clear that his vision is shaped by Calvinist theology. The urge to reform that is so significant in Puritan thought strongly influences McCulloch, and his utopia is not the purely imaginative kind, but rather a utopia which lies within the reach of aspiring men committed to Christian values.
Maritime Boundaries, Jurisdictional Disputes, and Offshore Hydrocarbon Exploration in Eastern Canada
Authors: Day Douglas
Published: December 2016

With the development of hydrocarbon exploration off the east coast of Canada, maritime boundary disputes and jurisdictional problems have developed at the international, federal-provincial, and interprovincial levels. This paper traces the evolution of maritime boundaries off the east coast in the past fifteen years and their effects on oil and gas exploration. It pinpoints the boundary problems that remain. It also shows how the federal and provincial governments in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland have attempted to set aside jurisdictional problems with the conclusion of bilateral offshore management agreements, which have served both to clarify maritime boundaries and to pinpoint areas of dispute.
Nonsense as Social Commentary in The Edible Woman
Authors: Stow Glenys
Published: December 2016

In The Edible Woman, Margaret Atwood uses techniques of nonsense writing similar to those employed by Lewis Carroll, and alludes to events and characters in the Alice stories, implicitly comparing them with situations and people in Marian McAlpin’s life. She indicates the nonsensical and destructive nature of the traditional female role and traces Marian’s journey to freedom from it. This comes when, like Carroll’s Alice, Marian breaks out of the expected social pattern. Thus Atwood’s use of nonsense, like Carroll’s, makes an ironic comment on the oppressive nature of contemporary society.
Les groupes ethniques: enjeu de la lutte linguistique au Québec
Authors: Harvey Fernand
Published: December 2016

L’adoption des lois linguistiques au Québec, au cours des années 1970 avait pour objectif de retourner à l’avantage de la majorité francophone du Québec, une situation d’expansion linguistique qui avait toujours joué, historiquement, en faveur de la minorité anglophone. Les allophones constituaient finalement l’enjeu de cette lutte linguistique qui avait des prolongements économiques et institutionnels. En obligeant les enfants des immigrants à se diriger vers l’école française, la société québécoise fait face, depuis une dizaine d’années, à un défi inédit en rapport avec l’intégration culturelle des différentes minorités.
La post-modernité au Québec
Authors: Tourangeau Jean
Published: December 2016

À partir d’exemples révélateurs sélectionnés dans l’actualité de l’art au Québec, l’auteur brosse un tableau des axes de développement suscités par le “retour du refoulé” ou par l’hybridité textuelle de la Nouvelle Figuration qui caractérise le post-modernisme dans les arts plastiques. Les “impuretés” de Scarpetta sont actualisées critiquement dans les travaux des artistes québécois Michel Saulnier, Anne Youldon, Claude Mongrain, etc. En outre, en interrogeant les oeuvres de Luc Béland et les passages qui ponctuent son déplacement vers la post-modernité, l’auteur aborde directement les soubresauts qui animent depuis quelques années l’histoire de la peinture québécoise.
The Doctrine of Expediency: Lord Durham’s Report and the Alliance of Church and State
Authors: Westfall William
Published: December 2016

Lord Durham’s Report provides a valuable commentary upon a question that was at the very centre of Canadian social and political thought in the first half of the nineteenth century: what is the proper relationship between the church and the state? The manner in which Durham addressed this question casts the man and his Report in a new light. In calling for the secularization of the clergy reserves he was following the utilitarian logic of establishmentarianism to its logical conclusion. ‘Radical Jack’ was an orthodox Whig who judged religion in terms of the social and economic benefits it provided. If establishments stood in the way of economic growth, then they must be thrown over. His ‘reforms’ betray an essentially conservative and developmental outlook that placed their faith not in God or liberty but rather in the beneficial effects of self-interest.
Attacking the Durham Myth: Seventeen Years On
Authors: Martin Ged
Published: December 2016

The paper briefly describes the received historiography of Durham’s Report to the 1960s, outlining the gap between the laudatory books available to students and the far less positive implications deduced by the author from research into British mid-nineteenth century colonial policy. The earlier attempt to prove a negative and to challenge the mythology of the Report seems to have stood the test of time. The paper acknowledges attention to the Report in succeeding decades, but strengthens its case by citing additional evidence for the hostility which Durham’s personal foibles aroused.
La Vallée du Saint-Laurent à l’époque du rapport Durham: économie et société
Authors: Courville Serge , Robert Jean-Claude , Séguin Normand
Published: December 2016

Cet article profile l’économie et la société du Bas Canada en visant surtout la forte différenciation spatiale de la vallée du St-Laurent. Les études traditionnelles, d’envergure trop générale ou de champ d’intérêt trop réduit, laissent supposer l’existence d’un patchwork de communautés autonomes isolées. L’auteur examine le rendement, la main d’oeuvre et les marchés, et l’interaction de ceux-là, tout en soulignant des phénomènes spatiaux. Pour conclure, l’auteur examine les institutions de la société de la Vallée et les instruments destinés à établir un équilibre social.
Durham, Patronage, and Two Regions of Recent Settlement: A Comparison of Upper Canada and Early New South Wales
Authors: Beer Donald R.
Published: December 2016

In recommending a form of responsible government, Durham sought to strengthen an executive government that had acquired functions beyond those of European states. Yet he noted that the patronage involved in that expanded role had in Upper Canada been monopolized by the ‘Family Compact,’ so undermining, in his view, the popular basis of imperial rule and contributing to the need for constitutional reform. The paper discusses patronage and the role of Canadian government from a comparative, principally Australian, perspective. Patronage in New South Wales was distributed in at least as exclusive a fashion as in Upper Canada. Canada was less interventionist and statist than Britain or Australia.
Absent Mandate ’88? Parties and Voters in Canada
Authors: Forbes H.D.
Published: December 2016

Canadian party politics is brokerage politics, but, contrary to what is sometimes suggested, brokerage parties can differ on important questions of public policy, as the Conservatives, Liberals, and New Democrats showed in 1988. Whether or not such differences exist, it will normally be very difficult to justify a clear electoral mandate using public opinion data, as the 1988 election also illustrated. Nonetheless our constitution requires that mandates sometimes be conferred, and the main evidence for one must be a parliamentary majority.
Politics as Theatre: Paradox and Complexity in British Columbia
Authors: Morley Terry
Published: December 2016

The inherently paradoxical politics of British Columbia are evident in contradictions within provincial parties in terms of interest and ideology which reflect a complex society. To understand that society — and the politics — it is necessary to consider region, religion, institutional development, and historical singularity as well as the traditionally perceived divisions of class and ideology.
Locating the Unemployed in Urban British Columbia: Evidence from the 1891 Census
Authors: Sager Eric W. , Baskerville Peter
Published: December 2016

Information about employment status in the nominal census returns for 1891 allows the historian to raise questions about the nature of the unemployed and unemployment. Preliminary conclusions suggest that unemployment was not the peculiar condition of cities in a resource-based “frontier” economy. Unemployment was associated with certain working-class occupations and certain districts, as a latent condition of the process of industrialization.
The Decline of Reform: British Columbia Politics in the 1930s
Authors: Fisher Robin
Published: December 2016

Of all Canadian governments, the Liberal administration of Thomas Dufferin Pattullo (1933-41) offered probably the most vigorous response to the social and economic problems of the Depression. By the end of the 1930s, however, the reform impulse had been killed by the parsimony of the federal government and Pattullo’s unwillingness to compromise. The passing of the reform impulse helps explain the polarization so characteristic of British Columbia politics.
“I Am Translated”: Anna Jameson’s Sketches and Winter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada
Authors: Gerry Thomas M.F.
Published: December 2016

Anna Jameson’s Winter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada, long regarded as a classic travel narrative, has recently received attention as an early feminist’s self-conscious exploration not only of the Canadian wilderness, but of the possibilities for her own writing as a woman — “femininely speaking” as Jameson puts it. None of the sketches she made while travelling in Canada has ever been published; yet, regarded in conjunction with a reading of Winter Studies, they highlight important aspects of Jameson’s original feminist aesthetic. The sketches translate descriptions from Winter Studies into graphic images and, in so doing, provide an index to the process of self-translation which Anna Jameson created through her relationships with the people and places of Canada in 1836-37.
A Canadian Flag for Canada
Authors: Fraser Alistair B.
Published: December 2016

The Maple Leaf Flag has proven to be an outstanding symbol. Following Confederation, Canada waited nearly a century to establish its national flag, a lacuna which did not result from indifference. It stemmed from the ambiguities of both national identity and flag protocol — ambiguities which became manifest in the informal flags used and proposed. While a maple leaf had long been the clear choice as the national symbol, early proposals used it only as a Canadian beachhead upon a British flag. Only after the Statute of Westminster was there any attempt to use it to capture the whole flag for Canada.
Re-searching the North in Canada: An Introduction to the Canadian Northern Discourse
Authors: West D.A.
Published: December 2016

The North is said to define one of the essential characteristics of Canadian identity. This paper suggests that the definition of the North in Canada is expressed within the language of what Michel Foucault calls the human sciences, and that the North has been objectified as an “other” to the Canadian South. The objectification of the territorial North in Canada can be compared to Edward Said’s assessment of Orientalism as a “discursive” product of a western imagination.
The Political Thought of George Grant
Authors: Forbes H.D.
Published: December 2016

George Grant, who is best known for having lamented the defeat of Canadian nationalism a generation ago, deserves to be better known for his description of contemporary Canadian and American politics. Some of the grounds for this description can be understood by noting what Grant said about education, but its ultimate justification would require discussions of religion and philosophy that are not attempted here. Nonetheless, a consideration of Grant’s political thought as a whole makes clear that lamenting the Americanization of Canada can be a politic way of dissenting from cosmopolitanism and modernity, while the standard descriptions of Grant’s thought as conservative and nationalist can be seriously misleading.
The Very Idea of Canadian Political Thought: In Defence of Historicism
Authors: Rayner Jeremy
Published: December 2016

Political theorists have played an important role in a revival of interest in Canadian political thought, inviting us to consider our political history as something more than the scramble for partisan advantage. Recent publications reveal a past informed by sophisticated political ideas, and newly revisit familiar texts as serious contributions to political argument. To date, attempts to place political thought and action on an equal footing have been hampered by hostility to the historiographical arguments of the “new contextualists.” Ironically, these very arguments are responsible for rewriting the political history of eighteenth-century Britain and America, their conclusions stimulating a revival of interest in Canadian political thought. The article seeks to expose the roots of this hostility and to dispel it.
Stalemated Democracy — the Canadian Case
Authors: Lyon Vaughan
Published: December 2016

At a time when government is expanding rapidly and the need for a close “working” relationship between ruler and ruled is increasing, the Canadian political system is extremely slow in opening up to more citizen involvement. The reasons for the apparent democratic stalemate are analysed. Institutional arrangements that allow elites uninterested in reform (including those who lead the reform party) to dominate Canadian politics are found to be the main reason for inaction. The article concludes by suggesting the social costs of the political inertia and outlining a way of opening up the system to wider public involvement.
The World of Tom Thomson
Authors: Murray Joan
Published: December 2016

The study of Tom Thomson is a central focus of Canadian art history. In this monograph Joan Murray adds to the seminal work she did on his art in 1971, offering a new view of h is work as archival and environmental. She reinforces her essay with crucial new information on Thomson’s family mentor, Dr. William Brodie. In the article she examines the way Thomson painted, how he used the land as subject matter, and what he meant by his work. A second section deals with Thomson’s work after his death and what it has meant to artists from 1917 until today,
Contra/diction/s: Language in Laurences The Diviners
Authors: Verduyn Christl
Published: December 2016

This essay examines The Diviners as an exploration of contra/diction in two senses. Protagonist Morag Gunn perceives contradiction between conventional and personal understandings of truth and knowledge. Language plays a contradictory role in this perception. It is involved in the construction and dictation of social norms, but it can be used to contradict convention and express difference. The exploration of questions of difference leads Laurence to consider the limits of language and the privilege of the centre and the visual in the apprehension and representation of reality. The limitations of language can be alleviated when faith is placed in the intuitive guess, a ‘contradictory’ attitude which allows for the possibility of writing.
State Policy, The Household and Women’s Work in the Atlantic Fishery
Authors: Connelly M. Patricia , MacDonald Martha
Published: December 2016

This paper examines three types of policies affecting the Atlantic fishery: subsidies to the private sector, income maintenance of individuals (UI), and fishery regulatory policies. Case study material from six Nova Scotia communities shows how general social and economic policies affect women and men in households. We show the pervasiveness of these policies, how women and men act and react to them both as individuals and as household members, and how women and men are differentially affected by both policies and household strategies developed in response to them. By integrating the family household and its women and men members, we hope to add an essential dimension to analysis of apparently non-family related policies.
Déterminants internes et externes de la participation canadienne à la Francophonie
Authors: Thérien Jean-Philippe
Published: December 2016

Cet article analyse la participation canadienne au sein de la Francophonie. L’étude vise à comprendre les déterminants structurels de la politique du Canada à l’égard de cette institution internationale. La thèse soutenue propose de voir la politique canadienne comme étant le produit d’une combinaison de facteurs internes et externes. A l’origine, l’engagement du Canada vis-à-vis de la Francophonie fut surtout une réponse aux pressions internes du nationalisme québécois. Aujourd’hui, la Francophonie apparaît davantage comme un instrument servant les intérêts de la politique extérieure canadienne.