bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lower prefrontal activation during emotion regulation in subjects at ultrahigh risk for psychosis: an fMRI-study
Authors: van der Velde Jorien , Opmeer Esther M , Liemburg Edith J , Bruggeman Richard , Nieboer Roeline , Wunderink Lex , Aleman André
Published: September 2015

Background:

Previous research has shown that patients with schizophrenia experience difficulties with emotion regulation and activate prefrontal regions to a lesser extent during reappraisal of emotional information. It has been suggested that problems in emotion regulation might precede the onset of psychosis. Therefore, it could be hypothesized that also individuals at ultrahigh risk (UHR) for developing psychosis experience difficulties with emotion regulation.

Aims:

The aim of the current study was to investigate whether individuals at UHR for developing psychosis show abnormal brain activation during reappraisal of negative pictures.

Methods:

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we scanned 15 UHR participants and 16 matched healthy controls while performing an emotion regulation task. During this task, participants had to reappraise their negative emotion elicited by International Affective Picture System pictures. Furthermore, the reported use of reappraisal was examined with the emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ).

Results:

Individuals at UHR for psychosis showed less activation in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during reappraisal compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, they reported less use of reappraisal in daily life (P=0.01; 95% CI (0.24–1.63)).

Conclusions:

These findings indicate that dysfunctional emotion regulation may already occur in individuals at risk for psychosis. These regulation difficulties are underpinned by less ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation, and may result in high negative affect, lower social functioning, and high rates of psychotic symptoms.
Longitudinal risk of herpes zoster in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma receiving chemotherapy: A nationwide population-based study
Authors: Cho Shih-Feng , Wu Wan-Hsuan , Yang Yi-Hsin , Liu Yi-Chang , Hsiao Hui-Hua , Chang Chao-Sung
Published: September 2015

This study investigated the incidence of and risk factors for herpes zoster in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) who were receiving anti-lymphoma treatment. The overall incidence density of herpes zoster was 12.21% (472/3865); 11.79% (258/2188) of the patients received conventional chemotherapy and 12.76% (214/1677) of the patients received rituximab-containing chemotherapy. For the patients who received conventional chemotherapy, the risk factors included female gender, multiple courses of chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. For the patients who received rituximab-containing chemotherapy, the risk factors included female gender, diabetes mellitus, multiple courses of chemotherapy, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and higher accumulated rituximab dose. The majority of the herpes zoster episodes occurred within the first two years after the diagnosis of NHL. After adjusting for the propensity score matching, rituximab-containing chemotherapy was not associated with a higher overall incidence density of herpes zoster (P = 0.155). However, the addition of rituximab to conventional chemotherapy increased the short-term risk of herpes zoster with adjusted odd ratios of 1.38 (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.05–1.81, P = 0.021) and 1.37 (95% CI = 1.08–1.73, P = 0.010) during the 1-year and 2-year follow-up periods, respectively.
Highly Flexible Self-Assembled V2O5 Cathodes Enabled by Conducting Diblock Copolymers
Authors: An Hyosung , Mike Jared , Smith Kendall A. , Swank Lisa , Lin Yen-Hao , L. Pesek Stacy , Verduzco Rafael , Lutkenhaus Jodie L.
Published: September 2015

Mechanically robust battery electrodes are desired for applications in wearable devices, flexible displays and structural energy and power. In this regard, the challenge is to balance mechanical and electrochemical properties in materials that are inherently brittle. Here, we demonstrate a unique water-based self-assembly approach that incorporates a diblock copolymer bearing electron- and ion-conducting blocks, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(ethyleneoxide) (P3HT-b-PEO), with V2O5 to form a flexible, tough, carbon-free hybrid battery cathode. V2O5 is a promising lithium intercalation material, but it remains limited by its poor conductivity and mechanical properties. Our approach leads to a unique electrode structure consisting of interlocking V2O5 layers glued together with micellar aggregates of P3HT-b-PEO, which results in robust mechanical properties, far exceeding the those obtained from conventional fluoropolymer binders. Only 5 wt % polymer is required to triple the flexibility of V2O5 and electrodes comprised of 10 wt % polymer have unusually high toughness (293 kJ/m3) and specific energy (530 Wh/kg), both higher than reduced graphene oxide paper electrodes. Furthermore, addition of P3HT-b-PEO enhances lithium-ion diffusion, eliminates cracking during cycling and boosts cyclability relative to V2O5 alone. These results highlight the importance of tradeoffs between mechanical and electrochemical performance, where polymer content can be used to tune both aspects.
Dual E627K and D701N mutations in the PB2 protein of A(H7N9) influenza virus increased its virulence in mammalian models
Authors: Zhu Wenfei , Li Long , Yan Zhigang , Gan Tanhuan , Li Lifeng , Chen Rirong , Chen Ruidong , Zheng Zuoyi , Hong Wenshan , Wang Jia , Smith David K. , Guan Yi , Zhu Huachen , Shu Yuelong
Published: September 2015

The ongoing avian H7N9 influenza outbreaks in China have caused significant human fatal cases and the virus is becoming established in poultry. Mutations with potential to increase mammalian adaptation have occurred in the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) and other viral genes. Here we found that dual 627K and 701N mutations could readily occur during transmission of the virus among ferrets via direct physical contact and these mutations conferred higher polymerase activity and improved viral replication in mammalian cells and enhanced virulence in mice. Special attention needs to be paid to patients with such mutations, as these may serve as an indicator of higher virus replication and increased pathogenicity.
Lipoproteins/peptides are sepsis-inducing toxins from bacteria that can be neutralized by synthetic anti-endotoxin peptides
Authors: de Tejada Guillermo Martinez , Heinbockel Lena , Ferrer-Espada Raquel , Heine Holger , Alexander Christian , Bárcena-Varela Sergio , Goldmann Torsten , Correa Wilmar , Wiesmüller Karl-Heinz , Gisch Nicolas , Sánchez-Gómez Susana , Fukuoka Satoshi , Schürholz Tobias , Gutsmann Thomas , Brandenburg Klaus
Published: September 2015

Sepsis, a life-threatening syndrome with increasing incidence worldwide, is triggered by an overwhelming inflammation induced by microbial toxins released into the bloodstream during infection. A well-known sepsis-inducing factor is the membrane constituent of Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), signalling via Toll-like receptor-4. Although sepsis is caused in more than 50% cases by Gram-positive and mycoplasma cells, the causative compounds are still poorly described. In contradicting investigations lipoproteins/-peptides (LP), lipoteichoic acids (LTA) and peptidoglycans (PGN), were made responsible for eliciting this pathology. Here, we used human mononuclear cells from healthy donors to determine the cytokine-inducing activity of various LPs from different bacterial origin, synthetic and natural and compared their activity with that of natural LTA and PGN. We demonstrate that LP are the most potent non-LPS pro-inflammatory toxins of the bacterial cell walls, signalling via Toll-like receptor-2, not only in vitro, but also when inoculated into mice: A synthetic LP caused sepsis-related pathological symptoms in a dose-response manner. Additionally, these mice produced pro-inflammatory cytokines characteristic of a septic reaction. Importantly, the recently designed polypeptide Aspidasept® which has been proven to efficiently neutralize LPS in vivo, inhibited cytokines induced by the various non-LPS compounds protecting animals from the pro-inflammatory activity of synthetic LP.
Electric-field control of magnetic moment in Pd
Authors: Obinata Aya , Hibino Yuki , Hayakawa Daichi , Koyama Tomohiro , Miwa Kazumoto , Ono Shimpei , Chiba Daichi
Published: September 2015

Several magnetic properties have recently become tunable with an applied electric field. Particularly, electrically controlled magnetic phase transitions and/or magnetic moments have attracted attention because they are the most fundamental parameters in ferromagnetic materials. In this study, we showed that an electric field can be used to control the magnetic moment in films made of Pd, usually a non-magnetic element. Pd ultra-thin films were deposited on ferromagnetic Pt/Co layers. In the Pd layer, a ferromagnetically ordered magnetic moment was induced by the ferromagnetic proximity effect. By applying an electric field to the ferromagnetic surface of this Pd layer, a clear change was observed in the magnetic moment, which was measured directly using a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. The results indicate that magnetic moments extrinsically induced in non-magnetic elements by the proximity effect, as well as an intrinsically induced magnetic moments in ferromagnetic elements, as reported previously, are electrically tunable. The results of this study suggest a new avenue for answering the fundamental question of “can an electric field make naturally non-magnetic materials ferromagnetic?”
In situ formation of magnetopolymersomes via electroporation for MRI
Authors: Bain Jennifer , Ruiz-Pérez Lorena , Kennerley Aneurin J. , Muench Stephen P. , Thompson Rebecca , Battaglia Giuseppe , Staniland Sarah S.
Published: September 2015

As the development of diagnostic/therapeutic (and combined: theranostic) nanomedicine grows, smart drug-delivery vehicles become ever more critical. Currently therapies consist of drugs tethered to, or encapsulated within nanoparticles or vesicles. There is growing interest in functionalising them with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to target the therapeutics by localising them using magnetic fields. An alternating magnetic field induces remote heating of the particles (hyperthermia) triggering drug release or cell death. Furthermore, MNPs are diagnostic MRI contrast agents. There is considerable interest in MNP embedded vehicles for nanomedicine, but their development is hindered by difficulties producing consistently monodisperse MNPs and their reliable loading into vesicles. Furthermore, it is highly advantageous to "trigger" MNP production and to tune the MNP's size and magnetic response. Here we present the first example of a tuneable, switchable magnetic delivery vehicle for nanomedical application. These are comprised of robust, tailored polymer vesicles (polymersomes) embedded with superparamagnetic magnetite MNPs (magnetopolymersomes) which show good MRI contrast (R2* = 148.8 s−1) and have a vacant core for loading of therapeutics. Critically, the magnetopolymersomes are produced by a pioneering nanoreactor method whereby electroporation triggers the in situ formation of MNPs within the vesicle membrane, offering a switchable, tuneable magnetic responsive theranostic delivery vehicle.
NMR and MALDI-TOF MS based characterization of exopolysaccharides in anaerobic microbial aggregates from full-scale reactors
Authors: Gonzalez-Gil Graciela , Thomas Ludivine , Emwas Abdul-Hamid , Lens Piet N. L. , Saikaly Pascal E.
Published: September 2015

Anaerobic granular sludge is composed of multispecies microbial aggregates embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Here we characterized the chemical fingerprint of the polysaccharide fraction of EPS in anaerobic granules obtained from full-scale reactors treating different types of wastewater. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of the polysaccharide region from the granules were very complex, likely as a result of the diverse microbial population in the granules. Using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), the 1H NMR signals of reference polysaccharides (gellan, xanthan, alginate) and those of the anaerobic granules revealed that there were similarities between the polysaccharides extracted from granules and the reference polysaccharide alginate. Further analysis of the exopolysaccharides from anaerobic granules and reference polysaccharides using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) revealed that exopolysaccharides from two of the anaerobic granular sludges studied exhibited spectra similar to that of alginate. The presence of sequences related to the synthesis of alginate was confirmed in the metagenomes of the granules. Collectively these results suggest that alginate-like exopolysaccharides are constituents of the EPS matrix in anaerobic granular sludge treating different industrial wastewater. This finding expands the engineered environments where alginate has been found as EPS constituent of microbial aggregates.
A sensitive optical micro-machined ultrasound sensor (OMUS) based on a silicon photonic ring resonator on an acoustical membrane
Authors: Leinders S.M. , Westerveld W.J. , Pozo J. , van Neer P.L.M.J. , Snyder B. , O’Brien P. , Urbach H.P. , de Jong N. , Verweij M.D.
Published: September 2015

With the increasing use of ultrasonography, especially in medical imaging, novel fabrication techniques together with novel sensor designs are needed to meet the requirements for future applications like three-dimensional intercardiac and intravascular imaging. These applications require arrays of many small elements to selectively record the sound waves coming from a certain direction. Here we present proof of concept of an optical micro-machined ultrasound sensor (OMUS) fabricated with a semi-industrial CMOS fabrication line. The sensor is based on integrated photonics, which allows for elements with small spatial footprint. We demonstrate that the first prototype is already capable of detecting pressures of 0.4 Pa, which matches the performance of the state of the art piezo-electric transducers while having a 65 times smaller spatial footprint. The sensor is compatible with MRI due to the lack of electronical wiring. Another important benefit of the use of integrated photonics is the easy interrogation of an array of elements. Hence, in future designs only two optical fibers are needed to interrogate an entire array, which minimizes the amount of connections of smart catheters. The demonstrated OMUS has potential applications in medical ultrasound imaging, non destructive testing as well as in flow sensing.
Is there an association between time of admission and in-hospital mortality in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction? A meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xiantao , Yan Jie , Su Qiang , Sun Yuhan , Yang Huafeng , Li Lang
Published: September 2015

We performed a systematic review to assess whether being admitted during off-hours with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated an inconsistent association between patient arrival time for NSTEMI and the subsequent clinical outcomes. All studies published up to November 10, 2014 on the association between time of admission and mortality among patients with NSTEMI were identified by searching the MEDLINE, COCHRANE, EMBASE and PUBMED databases. The characteristics and outcome data of the studies included in the systematic review were extracted. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Five cohort studies with a total of 129,548 patients met our inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis demonstrated that off-hours admission was not associated with increased in-hospital mortality (OR = 1.02 [95% CI (0.93–1.13)], P = 0.687). Furthermore, off-hours admission did not result in a longer door-to-balloon time (SMD = 0.37, [95%CI:−0.002 to 0.73], P = 0.051). The in-hospital mortality of patients admitted with NSTEMI during off-hours was similar to that of patients admitted during regular hours. Time of admission may not be a risk factor for increased in-hospital mortality.
How specific is second language-learning ability? A twin study exploring the contributions of first language achievement and intelligence to second language achievement
Authors: Rimfeld K , Dale P S , Plomin R
Published: September 2015

Learning a second language is crucially important in an increasingly global society, yet surprisingly little is known about why individuals differ so substantially in second language (SL) achievement. We used the twin design to assess the nature, nurture and mediators of individual differences in SL achievement. For 6263 twin pairs, we analyzed scores from age 16 UK-wide standardized tests, the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). We estimated genetic and environmental influences on the variance of SL for specific languages, the links between SL and English and the extent to which the links between SL and English are explained by intelligence. All SL measures showed substantial heritability, although heritability was nonsignificantly lower for German (36%) than the other languages (53–62%). Multivariate genetic analyses indicated that a third of genetic influence in SL is shared with intelligence, a third with English independent of intelligence and a further third is unique to SL.
Rewriting the valuation and salience of alcohol-related stimuli via memory reconsolidation
Authors: Das R K , Lawn W , Kamboj S K
Published: September 2015

The transient period of memory instability that can be triggered when memories are retrieved under certain conditions offers an opportunity to modify the maladaptive memories at the heart of substance use disorders (SUDs). However, very well-learned memories (such as those in excessive drinking and alcohol use disorders) are resistant to destabilisation when retrieved or may not destabilise at all. Memory retrieval and intervention procedures that reliably destabilise and update maladaptive motivational memories may help to improve the long-term treatment of SUDs. In 59 hazardous drinkers, we tested a novel retrieval procedure for destabilising well-learned cue-drinking memory networks that maximises prediction error (PE) via guided expectancy violation during retrieval of these memories. This was compared with a retrieval procedure without PE and no-retrieval controls. We subsequently counterconditioned alcohol cues with disgusting tastes and images in all groups and assessed responding to alcohol stimuli 1 week later. Counterconditioning following PE retrieval produced generalised reductions in oculomotor attentional bias, explicit valuation and outcome expectancies in response to alcohol cues 1 week after intervention, evidence of updating of distributed motivational drinking memory networks. These findings demonstrate that well-learned cue-drinking memories can be destabilised and that learning history need not constrain memory destabilisation if PE is maximised at retrieval. Broad rewriting of diverse aspects of maladaptive memory by counterconditioning is achievable following this procedure. The procedure described may provide a platform for the development of novel memory-modifying interventions for SUDs.
A pH-mediated enhancement of the graphene carbocatalyst activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Hu Huawen , Wang Xiaowen , Miao Dagang , Wang Yuanfeng , Lai Chuilin , Guo Yujuan , Wang Wenyi , Xin John H. , Hu Hong
Published: September 2015

A significant protruding graphene edge effect on the carbocatalytic activity of a graphene film for efficient conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol.
Old relief printing applied to the current preparation of multi-color and high resolution colloidal photonic crystal patterns
Authors: Yang Dongpeng , Ye Siyun , Ge Jianping
Published: September 2015

Relief printing is applied to prepare multi-color and high resolution patterns on mechanochromic photonic crystal paper. When the printing plate is pressed to the paper, corresponding pattern appears due to different structural colors of deformed and undeformed paper, and it will be fixed through UV curing afterwards.
Combinatorial therapy for triple negative breast cancer using hyperstar polymer-based nanoparticles
Authors: Misra S. K. , Wang X. , Srivastava I. , Imgruet M. K. , Graff R. W. , Ohoka A. , Kampert T. L. , Gao H. , Pan D.
Published: September 2015

We report the ability of a novel combinatorial therapy obtained from nanoparticles of hyperstar polymers encompassing drugs to selectively target triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell proliferation through STAT3 and topoisomerase-II pathways.
Gearing motion in cogwheel pairs of molecular rotors: weak-coupling limit
Authors: Kaleta Jiří , Michl Josef , Mézière Cécile , Simonov Sergey , Zorina Leokadiya , Wzietek Pawel , Rodríguez-Fortea Antonio , Canadell Enric , Batail Patrick
Published: September 2015

Investigation of the rotor dynamics by X-ray diffraction, spin–lattice relaxation, and DFT modelling of the two rotational barriers in arrays of rod-like molecules with 1,3-bis(ethynyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane rotators conclude to gearing motion between two rotors in a pair.
Investigation of the structure of water at hydrophobic and hydrophilic interfaces by angle-resolved TIR Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ota Chikashi
Published: September 2015

Angle-resolved TIR Raman spectroscopy with PCA was applied to hydrophobic and hydrophilic interfaces to detect minute species located within a few nm of each interface.
Manipulating the kinetics and mechanism of phase separation in dynamically asymmetric LCST blends by nanoparticles
Authors: Khademzadeh Yeganeh J. , Goharpey F. , Moghimi E. , Petekidis G. , Foudazi R.
Published: September 2015

The addition of nanoparticles in dynamically asymmetric LCST blends is used to induce the preferred phase-separating morphology by tuning the dynamic asymmetry, and to control the kinetics of phase separation by slowing down (or even arresting) the domain growth.
The effect of pressure on cation–cellulose interactions in cellulose/ionic liquid mixtures
Authors: Chang Hai-Chou , Zhang Rong-Lin , Hsu Ding-Tsai
Published: September 2015

Pressure-enhanced cation–cellulose interactions in cellulose/ionic liquid mixtures were observed.
A ligand coordination approach for high reaction stability of an Au–Cu bimetallic carbon-based catalyst in the acetylene hydrochlorination process
Authors: Xu Hao , Zhou Kai , Si Jiangkun , Li Chunhua , Luo Guohua
Published: September 2015

A novel high stability gold catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination was designed and prepared by adding trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) as a ligand and Cu as a synergistic metal, which can promote the development of a non-mercury catalyst for China's PVC industry.
K11Cd2Sb5built of an unprecedented planar CdSb3triangle
Authors: Wang Yi , Qin Qian , Sang Ruili , Xu Li
Published: September 2015

Novel K11Cd2Sb5resulting from cutting Cd–Sb bonds by using K atoms as scissors has been prepared, which represents the first tricoordinated example of Cd unexpected for the octet rule.
Iron(ii) spin crossover complexes with diaminonaphthalene-based Schiff base-like ligands: mononuclear complexes
Authors: Lochenie Charles , Heinz Julia , Milius Wolfgang , Weber Birgit
Published: September 2015

Iron(ii) spin crossover (SCO) complexes with diaminonaphthalene derived Schiff base-like ligand were synthesised, and their magnetic and structural properties analysed.
Mechanistic evidence of Passiflora edulis (Passifloraceae) anxiolytic activity in relation to its metabolite fingerprint as revealed via LC-MS and chemometrics
Authors: Otify Asmaa , George Camilia , Elsayed Aly , Farag Mohamed A.
Published: September 2015

Passiflora edulis Sims F. flavicarpa along with several other plants belonging to the genus Passiflora have been reported as sedatives and for treatment or prevention of central disorders.
Chemical vapor generation from an ionic liquid using a solid reductant: determination of Hg, As and Sb by atomic fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Wen Xiaodong , Gao Ying , Wu Peng , Tan Zhiqiang , Zheng Chengbin , Hou Xiandeng
Published: September 2015

Generation of volatile hydrides of As and Sb and elemental mercury was accomplished in ionic liquid by using a solid reductant of LiAlH4, KBH4 or SnCl2 for sample introduction.
Recognizing drug targets using evolutionary information: implications for repurposing FDA-approved drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv
Authors: Ramakrishnan Gayatri , Chandra Nagasuma R. , Srinivasan Narayanaswamy
Published: September 2015

Drug repurposing to explore target space has been gaining pace over the past decade with the upsurge in the use of systematic approaches for computational drug discovery.
A synthesis, in silico, in vitro and in vivo study of thieno[2,3-b]pyridine anticancer analogues
Authors: Arabshahi Homayon J. , van Rensburg Michelle , Pilkington Lisa I. , Jeon Chae Yeon , Song Mirae , Gridel Ling-Mey , Leung Euphemia , Barker David , Vuica-Ross Milena , Volcho Konstantin P. , Zakharenko Alexandra L. , Lavrik Olga I. , Reynisson Jóhannes
Published: September 2015

The thieno[2,3-b]pyridines bind to TDP1 with the best analogue 9d with IC50 at 0.5 μM.
One-dimensional cadmium hydroxide nanowires towards electrochemical supercapacitor
Authors: Patil Savita , Raut Shrikant , Gore Ratnakar , Sankapal Babasaheb
Published: September 2015

Room-temperature synthesis of Cd(OH)2 thin film consisting of high-surface-area nanowires. Device-grade development as a symmetric supercapacitor.
Colibactin: understanding an elusive gut bacterial genotoxin
Authors: Balskus Emily P.
Published: September 2015

This highlight reviews recent studies of colibactin, a structurally uncharacterized genotoxin synthesized by members of the human gut microbiota.
Radical 1,2-aryl migration in α,α-diaryl allylic alcohols toward β-silyl ketones
Authors: Peng Haibo , Yu Jin-Tao , Jiang Yan , Cheng Jiang
Published: September 2015

A copper-catalyzed radical 1,2-aryl migration in α,α-diaryl allylic alcohols is developed, leading to β-silyl carbonyl compounds in moderate to good yields.
A durable anion conducting membrane with packed anion-exchange sites and an aromatic backbone for solid-state alkaline fuel cells
Authors: Sailaja G. S. , Miyanishi Shoji , Yamaguchi Takeo
Published: September 2015

A durable polyelectrolyte membrane with highly cross-linked aromatic packed anion-exchange sites that enable high OH− ion transport, simultaneously restricting methanol cross-over for solid-state alkaline fuel cells.
Synthetic glycopolypeptides: synthesis and self-assembly of poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate)-glycosylated dendron hybrids
Authors: Peyret Ariane , Trant John F. , Bonduelle Colin V. , Ferji Khalid , Jain Namrata , Lecommandoux Sebastien , Gillies Elizabeth R.
Published: September 2015

Polyester dendrons with peripheral α-galactose moieties were synthesized and coupled to poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) to afford amphiphilic linear-dendron hybrid glycopolypeptides that self-assembled in water.
Robust, highly elastic and bioactive heparin-mimetic hydrogels
Authors: He Chao , Cheng Chong , Ji Hai-Feng , Shi Zhen-Qiang , Ma Lang , Zhou Mi , Zhao Chang-Sheng
Published: September 2015

We construct robust, highly elastic, and bioactive graphene oxide doped heparin-mimetic hydrogels for use in drug delivery and other potential biomedical applications.
Synthesis of chitosan grafted-polyaniline/Co3O4 nanocube nanocomposites and their photocatalytic activity toward methylene blue dye degradation
Authors: Shahabuddin Syed , Sarih Norazilawati Muhamad , Ismail Fatem Hamime , Shahid Muhammad Mehmood , Huang Nay Ming
Published: September 2015

Co3O4 nanocube-doped chitosan-grafted-polyaniline nanocomposites have been successfully synthesised. The synthesised polymeric nanocomposite was stable and exhibits greater photocatalytic activity to degrade MB efficiently within a short duration of time.
Piezoresistive effect of p-type silicon nanowires fabricated by a top-down process using FIB implantation and wet etching
Authors: Phan Hoang-Phuong , Kozeki Takahiro , Dinh Toan , Fujii Tatsuya , Qamar Afzaal , Zhu Yong , Namazu Takahiro , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Dao Dzung Viet
Published: September 2015

This work reports the piezoresistance of silicon nanowires fabricated using focused ion beam and wet etching for NEMS mechanical sensors.
The reducibility of highly stable Ni-containing species in catalysts derived from hydrotalcite-type precursors
Authors: Pettiti Ida , Gazzoli Delia , Benito Patricia , Fornasari Giuseppe , Vaccari Angelo
Published: September 2015

A study was conducted on the speciation and reducibility of Ni in catalysts derived from hydrotalcite-type precursors intercalated by silicates.
Synthesis of functionalized isoxazole–oxindole hybrids via on water, catalyst free vinylogous Henry and 1,6-Michael addition reactions
Authors: Nagaraju Sakkani , Satyanarayana Neeli , Paplal Banoth , Vasu Anuji K. , Kanvah Sriram , Kashinath Dhurke
Published: September 2015

Various isoxazole–oxindole hybrids were synthesized via vinylogous Henry reaction of 3,5-dimethyl-4-nitroisoxazole and isatin under catalyst free conditions in water. The products obtained were functionalized using 1,6-Michael addition reaction.
SERS-active Au NR oligomer sensor for ultrasensitive detection of mercury ions
Authors: Wu Xiaoling , Tang Lijuan , Ma Wei , Xu Liguang , Liu Liqiang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai
Published: September 2015

In this study, we developed a sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor based on a self-assembled Au NR oligomer for the detection of mercury ions (Hg2+) in aqueous solution.
Solid state NMR characterization of zeolite beta based drug formulations containing Ag and sulfadiazine
Authors: Shestakova Pavletta , Martineau Charlotte , Mavrodinova Vesselina , Popova Margarita
Published: September 2015

The paper presents an investigation of structural changes of zeolite carrier, drug–matrix interactions and localization of drug molecules within the zeolite framework in dual drug formulations with antibacterial properties.
Synthesis of 3-[(coumarinyl)carbonyl]-3a,8b-dihyroindeno[1,2-b]pyrrole-4(1H)-ones and their conversion to coumarin bearing spiro[isobenzofuran-1,2′-pyrrole] moiety compounds via oxidative cleavage reaction
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Ghanbaripour Rashid , Feizabadi Masoumeh , Zhu Long-Guan , Dusek Michal
Published: September 2015

The synthesis of substituted coumarin derivatives bearing indenopyrrole and spiro[isobenzofuran-1,2′-pyrrole] in a four-component sequential reaction and following oxidative cleavage reaction.
Novel nanoscale topography on poly(propylene carbonate)/poly(ε-caprolactone) electrospun nanofibers modifies osteogenic capacity of ADCs
Authors: Wang YueLong , Deng JiaoJiao , Fan RangRang , Tong AiPing , Zhang XiaoNing , Zhou LiangXue , Zheng Yu , Xu JianGuo , Guo Gang
Published: September 2015

In this study, we electrospun novel poly(propylene carbonate)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PPC/PCL) nanofibers with a special nanoscale topography using a simple process.
Thin film synthesis of the organic-based magnet vanadium ethyl tricyanoethylenecarboxylate
Authors: Lu Yu , Yu Howard , Harberts Megan , Epstein Arthur J. , Johnston-Halperin Ezekiel
Published: September 2015

We report the preparation and characterization of a new thin film organic-based magnet V[ETCEC]x, with TC of 161 ± 10 K, via low temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD; T = 55 °C).
Constructing metal-free polyimide/g-C3N4 with high photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation
Authors: Gong Yan , Yu Hongtao , Chen Shuo , Quan Xie
Published: September 2015

A novel metal-free polyimide (PI)/g-C3N4 heterojunction has been prepared, characterized and their photocatalytic performance was compared with g-C3N4.
Facile large-scale synthesis of Au–Pt alloyed nanowire networks as efficient electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Song Pei , Li Shan-Shan , He Li-Li , Feng Jiu-Ju , Wu Liang , Zhong Shu-Xian , Wang Ai-Jun
Published: September 2015

A rapid one-pot wet-chemical method was developed for large-scale preparation of surface-clean AuPt alloyed nanowire networks with the assistance of N-methylimidazole as a structure-directing agent and a weak stabilizing agent.
A minimalist fluorescent probe for differentiating Cys, Hcy and GSH in live cells
Authors: Zhang Huatang , Liu Ruochuan , Liu Jie , Li Lin , Wang Ping , Yao Shao Q. , Xu Zhengtao , Sun Hongyan
Published: September 2015

A simple and versatile probe was discovered for discriminating between different thiol species with the use of CTAB (cetyl trimethylammonium bromide).
Effect of direct loading of phytoestrogens into the calcium phosphate scaffold on osteoporotic bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Tripathi G. , Raja N. , Yun H. S.
Published: September 2015

3D porous calcium deficient hydroxyapatite scaffolds with phytoestrogens were fabricated for osteoporotic bone tissue regeneration through a combination of 3D printing techniques and cement chemistry as a room temperature process.
From partial to complete optical erasure of azobenzene–polymer gratings: effect of molecular weight
Authors: Vapaavuori Jaana , Ras Robin H. A. , Kaivola Matti , Bazuin C. Geraldine , Priimagi Arri
Published: September 2015

We demonstrate complete all-optical erasure of high-modulation-depth azopolymer surface patterns at ambient conditions. Applying selective optical erasure and rewriting can be translated into complex surface patterns with spatially varying grating vector directions.
New platinum complexes exhibiting host dependent photoluminescence as single dopants in double emitting layer, voltage independent hybrid white electroluminescence devices
Authors: Poloek Anurach , Wang Chieh , Chang Yung-Ting , Lin Chiao-Wen , Chen Chao-Tsen , Chen Chin-Ti
Published: September 2015

New platinum complexes (FPtXNDs) bearing 4-hydroxy-1,5-naphthyridines (XNDs) functionalized with phenyl, dimethylamino, morpholino or phenoxazino (X = Ph, dma, mor or pxz) units were used in hybrid white OLEDs.
Photophysical characterization of the 9,10-disubstituted anthracene chromophore and its applications in triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion
Authors: Gray Victor , Dzebo Damir , Lundin Angelica , Alborzpour Jonathan , Abrahamsson Maria , Albinsson Bo , Moth-Poulsen Kasper
Published: September 2015

Eight 9,10-disubstituted anthracenes have been synthesized, photochemically characterized and used for triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion.
Joint approach of translational and rotational phase error corrections for high‐resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging using minimum‐entropy
Authors: Xu Gang , Xing Mengdao , Yang Lei , Bao Zheng
Published: September 2015

In high‐resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging, the rotational motion of the targets tends to introduce the time‐variant Doppler modulation in the echo, which acts as the range‐variant phase errors in the phase history. Moreover, the performance of translational phase error correction may be dramatically degraded without properly considering the range‐variant phase errors. In this study, a joint approach of translational and rotational phase error corrections is introduced into high‐resolution ISAR imaging. In the procedure, the joint phase error correction is modelled as that of range‐invariant and range‐variant phase errors using a metric of minimum entropy. Then, the minimum‐entropy optimisation is solved by employing a coordinate descend method based on quasi‐Newton solver. In comparison of the conventional methods, the proposed approach in this study promises a better performance of phase error correction with a higher efficiency. Finally, experiments based on simulated and measured data are performed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Accuracy of Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Insertion Technique with Conventional Dual Fluoroscopy Units and a Retrospective Comparative Study Based on Surgeon Experience
Authors: Nakahara Masayuki , Yasuhara Takao , Inoue Takafumi , Takahashi Yuichi , Kumamoto Shinji , Hijikata Yasukazu , Kusumegi Akira , Sakamoto Yushi , Ogawa Koichi , Nishida Kenki
Published: September 2015

Study Design

Retrospective comparative study.

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) placement and intraoperative imaging time using dual fluoroscopy units and their differences between surgeons with more versus less experience.

Methods

One hundred sixty-one patients who underwent lumbar fusion surgery were divided into two groups, A ( n = 74) and B ( n = 87), based on the performing surgeon's experience. The accuracy of PPS placement and radiation time for PPS insertion were compared. PPSs were inserted with classic technique under the assistance of dual fluoroscopy units placed in two planes. The breach definition of PPS misplacement was based on postoperative computed tomography (grade I: no breach; grade II: <2 mm; grade III: ≤2 to <4 mm).

Results

Of 658 PPSs, only 21 screws were misplaced. The breach rates of groups A and B were 3.3% (grade II: 3.4%, grade III: 0%) and 3.1% (grade II: 2.6%, grade III: 0.6%; p = 0.91). One patient in grade III misplacement had a transient symptom of leg numbness. Median radiation exposure time during PPS insertion was 25 seconds and 51 seconds, respectively ( p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Without using an expensive imaging support system, the classic technique of PPS insertion using dual fluoroscopy units in the lumbar and sacral spine is fairly accurate and provides good clinical outcomes, even among surgeons lacking experience.
Screw Placement Accuracy and Outcomes following O-Arm-Navigated Atlantoaxial Fusion: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Smith Jacob D. , Jack Megan M. , Harn Nicholas R. , Bertsch Judson R. , Arnold Paul M.
Published: September 2015

Study Design

Case series of seven patients.

Objective

C2 stabilization can be challenging due to the complex anatomy of the upper cervical vertebrae. We describe seven cases of C1–C2 fusion using intraoperative navigation to aid in the screw placement at the atlantoaxial (C1–C2) junction.

Methods

Between 2011 and 2014, seven patients underwent posterior atlantoaxial fusion using intraoperative frameless stereotactic O-arm Surgical Imaging and StealthStation Surgical Navigation System (Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States). Outcome measures included screw accuracy, neurologic status, radiation dosing, and surgical complications.

Results

Four patients had fusion at C1–C2 only, and in the remaining three, fixation extended down to C3 due to anatomical considerations for screw placement recognized on intraoperative imaging. Out of 30 screws placed, all demonstrated minimal divergence from desired placement in either C1 lateral mass, C2 pedicle, or C3 lateral mass. No neurovascular compromise was seen following the use of intraoperative guided screw placement. The average radiation dosing due to intraoperative imaging was 39.0 mGy. All patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months. All patients went on to solid fusion.

Conclusion

C1–C2 fusion using computed tomography-guided navigation is a safe and effective way to treat atlantoaxial instability. Intraoperative neuronavigation allows for high accuracy of screw placement, limits complications by sparing injury to the critical structures in the upper cervical spine, and can help surgeons make intraoperative decisions regarding complex pathology.
Carcass cut-out value and eating quality of longisssimus muscle from serially harvested savannah-raised Brahman-influenced cattle and water buffaloes in Venezuela
Authors: Huerta-Leidenz N. , Rodas-González A. , Vidal A. , Lopez-Nuñez J. , Colina O.
Published: September 2015

Males (n = 132) of riverine water buffalo (Buffalo) and Brahman-influenced cattle (Brahman) were reared alike and serially harvested at four different ages (7, 17, 19 and 24 months) to compare cutting yield (%), eating quality and consumer acceptability of cube-roll steaks at 19 and 24 months of age (MOA), and to examine post-weaning castration effects. Brahman bulls outperformed Brahman steers and Buffalo male classes in the proportion of chuck-roll, medium-value and total valuable cuts (P < 0.05). At all harvest ages, Buffalo carcasses yielded higher (P < 0.05) percentages of trimmed fat, which resulted in a sustained decline of the proportion of total lean, edible cuts. Buffalo meat had a lower shear-force value and a higher proportion of tender steaks than did Brahman at 7 and 24 MOA (P < 0.05). Whereas trained panellists detected differences in sensorial attributes only at 7 months [when Buffalo steaks were rated as more tender and flavourful (P < 0.05) than Brahman steaks], consumer acceptability ratings for Buffalo meat trended to be higher when harvested at 19 and 24 MOA (P < 0.1). The increasing proportion of boneless lean cuts with age gives Brahman a clear, commercial advantage over Buffalo; however, Buffalo produces meat as juicy and flavourful as that of Brahman and exhibits superior eating quality if harvested at 7 or 24 MOA.
Forage intake, digestibility and performance of cattle, horses, sheep and goats grazing together on an improved heathland
Authors: Osoro K. , Ferreira L. M. M. , García U. , Martínez A. , Celaya R.
Published: September 2015

A mixed herd of five cows, five mares, 32 ewes and 32 goats was managed with their offspring during two consecutive years in a paddock (22.3 ha) with 76% of heathlands and 24% of improved pasture area, with the aim of studying their differences in ingestive behaviour and performance. Diet composition, dry matter intake (DMI) and digestibility (DMD) were estimated on three occasions using the alkane technique, and all animals were periodically weighed to calculate bodyweight (BW) changes per livestock unit (LU). Goats selected higher proportions of shrubs than the other herbivore species (P < 0.001). Overall, daily DMI was higher (P < 0.001) in equines (218 g/kg BW0.75) than in ruminants (174, 121 and 80 g/kg BW0.75 for cattle, goats and sheep, respectively), whereas DMD was lower (P < 0.001) in equines (569 g/kg DM) compared with ruminants (733–791 g/kg DM). During the first half of the grazing season (from late April to mid-July), dams’ BW changes per LU did not differ between species. However, during late summer–autumn lower (P < 0.001) BW losses per LU were observed in sheep and goats (–89 g/day) than in cattle (–534 g/day), being intermediate in horses (–254 g/day). For the overall grazing season, ewes and goats showed greater (P = 0.056) BW gains per LU (338 g/day) than cows and mares (178 g/day). Regarding the offspring, BW gains per LU were greater (P < 0.001) in lambs (3612 g/day) than in other species. Calves presented greater gains than kids (2647 vs 1909 g/day.LU), whereas foals showed intermediate gains (2385 g/day.LU). Therefore, under these conditions of partially improved heathlands, sheep was the most productive species. However, looking at the diet selection and digestibility, goats could complement sheep or cattle herds by achieving a more efficient utilisation of heathland vegetation, and increasing overall productivity per hectare. By contrast, horses, having high levels of grass intake, compete with cattle and sheep for pasture utilisation.
Distribution, abundance and population structure of the threatened western saw-shelled turtle, Myuchelys bellii, in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Chessman Bruce C.
Published: September 2015

The western saw-shelled turtle is listed as threatened globally, nationally, and within the Australian state of New South Wales. Although nearly all of the geographic range of the species lies within New South Wales, little information has been available on the distribution, abundance and structure of New South Wales populations. Through a survey of 60 sites in 2012–15, I established that M. bellii is much more widely distributed in New South Wales than has previously been recognised, comprising four disjunct populations, including two in the New South Wales portion of the Border Rivers basin. It occurs mainly in larger, cooler rivers upstream of barriers to dispersal of the Macquarie turtle, Emydura macquarii macquarii. Although M. bellii is locally abundant, its populations are greatly dominated by large adults and recruitment appears to be low. Eye abnormalities are common in some populations but do not necessarily impair body condition or preclude long-term survival. The species is threatened by competition with E. macquarii, which appears to be expanding its range through translocation by humans, and possibly by predation, disease and drought. Long-term monitoring of M. bellii is needed to assess population trends and responses to threats, and active management to restrict the further spread of E. macquarii is probably required to ensure the persistence of M. bellii throughout its current range.
Structural and biochemical insights into the role of testis-expressed gene 14 (TEX14) in forming the stable intercellular bridges of germ cells
Authors: Kim Hee Jung , Yoon Jungbin , Matsuura Atsushi , Na Jung-Hyun , Lee Won-Kyu , Kim Hyunook , Choi Ji Woong , Park Ji Eun , Park Sung-Jean , Kim Kyung Tae , Chang Rakwoo , Lee Byung Il , Yu Yeon Gyu , Shin Yeon-Kyun , Jeong Cherlhyun , Rhee Kunsoo , Lee Hyung Ho
Published: September 2015

Significance

Germ cells possess the inherent ability to inactivate cell abscission through TEX14 (testis-expressed gene 14), and they may provide information on inactivation of the abscission in abnormal cells, including cancer cells. Structural and functional studies of how TEX14 inactivates germ cell abscission reveal that the AxGPPx
3
YxPP motif of TEX14 competitively binds to CEP55-EABR [endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) and ALIX-binding region] to prevent the recruitment of ALIX, which is a component of the ESCRT machinery and which contains the AxGPPx
3
Y motif. Multiexperiment analyses of CEP55-EABR–TEX14 interactions showed how the TEX14 peptide binds dominantly to CEP55-EABR in the presence of ALIX and safeguards the intercellular bridges of germ cells.
Ubiquitin ligase Siah2 regulates RevErbα degradation and the mammalian circadian clock
Authors: DeBruyne Jason P. , Baggs Julie E. , Sato Trey K. , Hogenesch John B.
Published: September 2015

Significance

Rhythmic expression of most core clock genes is believed to be essential for maintaining proper timekeeping of the circadian clock. In turn, rhythmic degradation of clockwork proteins is also crucial. However, we know comparatively little about these specific processes. Here we describe a simple screening approach aimed at identifying ubiquitin ligases that degrade proteins of interest and apply it to identifying ligases that target the rhythmically abundant nuclear hormone receptor, RevErbα (Nr1d1), for degradation. This approach found the ubiquitin ligase Seven in absentia 2 (Siah2) as a key regulator of circadian RevErbα turnover and overall circadian clock function and implicates the dynamic rhythmicity of RevErbα protein abundance in maintaining ∼24-h circadian timekeeping.
From hydration repulsion to dry adhesion between asymmetric hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Kanduč Matej , Netz Roland R.
Published: September 2015

Significance

Besides van der Waals and electrostatic interactions, surfaces in water experience solvation forces arising from the interfacial water structure that become dominant at small surface separations. Using a combination of atomistic simulations and theoretical arguments, we construct a universal adhesion state diagram for two neutral surfaces with different water affinities. We find an intermediate regime of affinity combinations where the surfaces adhere to each other without an intervening water film. This dry adhesion also occurs for a surface with high water affinity if the other surface has a very low water affinity. These results not only explain how surfaces interact in water but also are relevant for designing synthetic surfaces that efficiently bind to particles with given surface properties.