bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the complexity of Corbicula clams invasion in Lake Garda (Italy)
Authors: Lopez-Soriano Joaquin , Quiñonero-Salgado Sergio , Cappelletti Cristina , Faccenda Filippo , Ciutti Francesca
Published: December 2018

Lake Garda, the largest Italian lake, is suffering from the introduction of several non-indigenous species during the last decades and can now be considered one of the main European freshwater hotspots of xenodiversity. Among the Bivalvia (Veneroidea, Cyrenidae), Corbicula fluminea and Corbicula fluminalis were first recorded in 2002 and 2008 respectively, and are now widespread in the southern part of the basin. Recent observation of specimens that did not resemble either of these taxa, suggested that the populations of invasive Corbicula of Lake Garda could include some other taxa not previously recorded. With this aim, a thoroughly characterization of Corbicula shells found at Lake Garda was made. By studying morphometric parameters and comparing them with specimens collected in Spain (Ebro and Ter rivers), the presence in Lake Garda of two other related species not previously recorded in Italy, namely C. leana and C. largillierti, has been confirmed. The syntopic presence of at least four species of this genus in a single environment is a singular occurrence both in Italy and Europe.
Evolutionary intraembryonic origin of vertebrate hematopoietic stem cells in the elasmobranch spleen
Authors: Manca Rosa , Glomski Chester A. , Pica Alessandra
Published: December 2018

The electric ray (Torpedo Marmorata Risso) provides an animal model for the detection of early intraembryonic hemopoietic stem cells in sea vertebrates. The spleen of this bone-marrowless vertebrate appears to be the major site of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation during development and in adulthood. Splenic development in this species was investigated and hemopoietic stem cells were detected in this organ by immunocytochemistry utilizing CD34 and CD38 antibodies. At stage I (2-cm-long embryos with external gills), the spleen contains only mesenchymal cells. At stage II (3-4 cm-long embryos with a discoidal shape and internal gills), an initial red pulp was observed in the spleen, without immunostained cells. At stage III (10-11-cm-long embryos), the spleen contained well-developed white pulp, red pulp and ellipsoids. Image analysis at stage III showed four cell populations, i.e. CD34+/CD38-, CD34+/CD38+, CD34-/CD38+, and CD34-/CD38- cells. The present findings, obtained from an elasmobranch, indicate that the CD34 and CD38 phenotypes are conserved through vertebrate evolution.
Assessing theoretical flow velocity profile and resistance in gravel bed rivers by field measurements
Authors: Ferro Vito , Porto Paolo
Published: December 2018

Previous studies showed that integrating a power velocity profile, deduced applying dimensional analysis and the incomplete self-similarity condition, the flow resistance equation for open channel flow can be obtained. At first, in this paper the relationship between the Γ function of the power velocity profile, the channel slope and the Froude number, which was already empirically introduced in a previous paper, is now theoretically deduced. Then this relationship is calibrated using the field measurements of flow velocity, water depth and bed slope carried out in 101 reaches of gravel bed rivers available by literature. The proposed relationship for estimating Γ function and the theoretical flow resistance equation are also tested by an independent dataset of 104 reaches of some gravel bed rivers (Fiumare) in Calabria region. Finally, the theoretically-based relationship for estimating the Γ function is calibrated by the overall available database (205 reaches). In this way the three coefficients of the theoretically based Γ function are estimated for a wide range of slopes (0.1%-6.19%) and hydraulic conditions (Froude number values ranging from 0.08 to 1.25). In conclusion, the analysis shows that the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor for gravel bed rivers can be accurately estimated by the approach based on a power-velocity profile and the theoretically-based relationship proposed for estimating Γ function. The analysis also points out a performance in estimating mean flow velocity better than that obtained in a previous study carried out by the authors.
Drainage flux simulation of green roofs under wet conditions
Authors: Bettella Francesco , D'Agostino Vincenzo , Bortolini Lucia
Published: December 2018

The role of green roofs in reducing drainage fluxes is known, but despite extensive analysis in the literature, methods to predict the hydrologic performance for a given green roof composition are scarce. These methods are useful for the hydraulic design and for planning regulations that impose specific hydrological responses. This research investigates on the prediction of the drainage fluxes produced below a green roof with initial water content equal to its water retention capacity (worst-case scenario). Laboratory tests were performed to analyse the rainfall-drainage relationship for green-roof and single components (growing media and drainage storage layers) under specific rainfall intensities. Two types of largely used drainage/storage layers and growth media were analysed, both singularly and in combination. The experiments consider two rainfall events lasting 10 min with constant intensity. The results indicate that the Curve Number (CN) method (U.S. Soil Conservation Service) with a simple adaptation can be used to reproduce the green-roof hydrologic behaviour under antecedent moisture conditions comparable with those of the experiments. In fact, the water retention capacity, controlling the water-output initiation below the green roof, can be used as threshold variable of a step function, above which the CN method is applicable and below which drainage fluxes are practically null. Through this position, the CN assignment for a composite greenroof can be consistently estimated using the proprieties of the single components (drainage/storage layer and growing medium) and it provides values that are very close to those of waterproof media and quite higher than those suggested in companion researches. Drainage amounts are predicted with a standard error equal to 1.50 mm, which corresponds to 5.7% of the mean value observed. After rain initiation, the steady state condition of the drainage flux has proved to be markedly affected by the growing medium and drainage layer composing the system, which result effective in discriminating the green roof performance.
Exploring the performances of a new integrated approach of grey, green and blue infrastructures for combined sewer overflows remediation in high-density urban areas
Authors: Masseroni Daniele , Ercolani Giulia , Chiaradia Enrico Antonio , Maglionico Marco , Toscano Attilio , Gandolfi Claudio , Bischetti Gian Battista
Published: December 2018

Most sewage collection systems designed between 19th and early to mid-20th century use single-pipe systems that collect both sewage and urban runoff from streets, roofs and other impervious surfaces. This type of collection system is referred to as a combined sewer system. During storms, the flow capacity of the sewers may be exceeded and the overflow discharged into a receiving water body (RWB) through spillways without any control and remediation. Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) may, therefore, produce serious water pollution and flooding problems in downstream RWBs. Methodologies for a rational management of CSOs quantity and quality share many commonalities, and these two aspects should be considered together in order to maximize benefits and promote local distributed actions, especially in high urban density areas where the space availability for the construction of CSO storage tanks is often a limiting factor. In this paper, a novel strategy to control downstream flow propagation of a CSO as well as to improve its quality is tested on a real case study in the area of the metropolitan city of Milan. The approach is based on the combination of grey, green and blue infrastructures and exploits the integrated storage and self-depuration capacities of a firstflush tank, a constructed wetland and a natural stream to obtain admissible flow rates and adequate water quality in the RWB. The results, evaluated through a modelling framework based on simplified equations of water and pollutants dynamics, show excellent performances for the integrated system, both in terms of flow control and pollution mitigation. The pollution, using biological oxygen demand concentration as a proxy of the whole load, was decreased by more than 90% and downstream flooding situations were avoided, despite the spillway was not regulated. Concerning the economic point of view, from a rough estimate of the costs, the system allows reducing the investment of 30 to 50% in respect to the traditional CSO controls based solely on flow detention tanks. The proposed approach, as well as the modelling framework for its effective implementation, appear strongly scalable in different world contexts and aim to fill the gap between urban and rural environments in the management of stormwater and CSOs, promoting the involvement of the water managers, the irrigation-reclamation agencies and regional authorities.
Good-bye slippage - a new fusion to tackle bandage slippage on the foot
Authors: Nilsson Andreas , Lundh Torbjörn , Damm Josefin
Published: December 2018

Not available
Compression materials in chronic edema
Authors: Schingale Franz
Published: December 2018

Not available
Measuring the interface pressure
Authors: Kravitz Steven R.
Published: December 2018

Not available
A new name in southern African Justicia L. (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Manning John C.
Published: December 2018

Background: Ongoing systematic studies in the African flora necessitate periodic nomenclatural adjustments and corrections.Objectives: The objective of this study was to effect requisite nomenclatural changes.Method: Relevant literature was consulted and type specimens were examined.Results: One nomenclatural correction is required in Justicia L. (Acanthaceae).Conclusion: The replacement name Justicia conferta J.C.Manning Goldblatt is provided for the illegitimate homonym Justicia densiflora (Hochst.) J.C.Manning Goldblatt, and the validity of the combination Justicia andromeda (Lindau) J.C.Manning Goldblatt is clarified.
Olfactory fossa depth: CT analysis of 1200 patients
Authors: Babu Ashok Chirathalattu , Balachandran Nair Mattavana Ramakrishna Pillai , Kuriakose Aneesh Mangalasseril
Published: December 2018

Background: Olfactory fossa (OF) is a depression in anterior cranial cavity whose floor is formed by cribriform plate of ethmoid. Lateral lamella, which forms its lateral boundary, is a thin plate of bone and is at risk of injury during functional endoscopic sinus surgery, especially when fossa is deep/asymmetric. Aims: To measure the variations in the depth of OF and categorize Kerala population as per Keros classification using computed tomography (CT). Settings and Design: This study was conducted in our institution from January 2016 to August 2017. Patients >16 years of age undergoing CT scan of paranasal sinuses (PNS) were included. Materials and Methods: Coronal PNS CT scan studies of 1200 patients were reviewed. The depth of OF was measured from vertical height of lateral lamella. Statistical Methods: Results were analyzed according to gender and laterality using independent sample t-test and Chi-square test. Results: The mean depth of OF was 5.26 ± 1.69 mm. Statistically significant difference was seen in the mean depth of OF between males and females but not between right and left sides. Keros type I was found on 420 sides (17.5%), type II in 1790 (74.6%), and type III on 190 sides (7.9%). Type III Keros was more on the right (9%) than left (6.8%) side, more in males (9.5%) than females (5.9%), and more among males on the right side (11.4%). Asymmetry in OF depth between two sides was seen in 75% of subjects. Conclusion: Prevalence of the dangerous type III OF, even though low, is significant especially among males and on the right side. Therefore, preoperative assessment of OF depth must be done to reduce iatrogenic complications.
Neuroimaging features of fatal high-altitude cerebral edema
Authors: Medhi Gorky , Lachungpa Tsella , Saini Jitender
Published: December 2018

Acute high-altitude cerebral edema can occur in an unacclimatised individual on exposure to high altitudes and sometimes it can be fatal. Here we have described the neuroimaging features of a patient who suffered from fatal high altitude cerebral edema. Available literature is reviewed. Probable pathogenesis is discussed. The risk of acute mountain sickness is reported up to 25% in individuals who ascend to an altitude of 3500 meter and in more than 50% subjects at an altitude of 6000 meter. The lack of availability of advanced imaging facilities at such a higher altitude makes imaging of such condition a less described entity.
Differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules using diffusion-weighted imaging, a 3-T MRI study
Authors: Aghaghazvini Leila , Sharifian Hashem , Yazdani Nasrin , Hosseiny Melina , Kooraki Saina , Pirouzi Pirouz , Ghadiri Afsoon , Shakiba Madjid , Kooraki Soheil
Published: December 2018

Background: Preoperative differentiation of benign from malignant thyroid nodules remains a challenge. Aims: This study assessed the accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Materials and Methods: Preoperative DWI was performed in patients with thyroid nodule by means of a 3-T scanner magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Images were obtained at b value of 50, 500, and 1000 mm2/s to draw an ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) map. Findings were compared with postoperative histopathologic results. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the accuracy of different cutoff points. Results: Forty-one thyroid nodules (26 benign and 15 malignant) were included in this study. None of static MRI parameters such as signal intensity, heterogeneity, and nodule border was useful to discriminate between benign and malignant lesions. Mean ADC value was (1.94 ± 0.54) × 10−3 mm2/s and (0.89 ± 0.29) × 10−3 mm2/s in benign and malignant nodules, respectively (P-value < 0.005). ADC value cutoff of 1 × 10−3 mm2/s yielded an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 93%, 87%, and 96% to discriminate benign and malignant nodules. Conclusion: DWI is highly accurate for discrimination between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
Collateral or fistula? Coronary artery as the primary source of pulmonary blood flow in a patient with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect
Authors: Yadav Anurag , Bhargava Salil , Buxi T B S , Sirvi Krishna
Published: December 2018

In patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD), a coronary artery being the primary source of pulmonary blood flow is a rare entity. We describe two cases of PA/VSD with coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula with emphasis on the role of Computed Tomographic Angiography (CTA) in depicting all the sources of pulmonary blood supply, to predict surgical management and need for unifocalization of Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries (MAPCA’s).
ECHR: an analysis from perspectives of inclusion and the recognition of differences in identity
Authors: Ferreira Vanessa Capistrano
Published: December 2018

A partir da análise factual dos casos de racismo (artigo 14 da CEDH) julgados pelo Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos, este trabalho pretende identificar os atuais quadros limítrofes de promoção da inclusão social e do reconhecimento das diferenças na Europa. Sob a perspectiva da Teoria Reconstrutiva do Direito de Habermas e da Teoria do Reconhecimento de Honneth, será possível contestarmos a aplicação exclusivista dos direitos humanos na Europa, com a exposição de suas lacunas jurisprudenciais, as quais comprometem, em sentido substantivo, sua efetividade e legitimidade democrática no escopo social. Arguir-se-ão, ainda, os efeitos colaterais de um sistema de direitos efetivado e legitimado pelas vias particularistas de uma cultura ocidental majoritária, que silencia a arbitrariedade e a opressão a que são submetidos grupos constantemente inferiorizados e não incluídos no direito moderno.
A Racionalidade de Max Weber e a fabricalização das instituições de ensino superior privadas
Authors: Soares Neto Edson Paiva , Pires Chaves Andréa Bittencourt
Published: December 2018

A presente discussão apreciará como a sociologia clássica, sob a voz de Max Weber (1864-1920) pode suscitar a investigação científica crítica a respeito da natureza do Capitalismo e das organizações empresariais no século XXI. Para o estudo, realizou-se pesquisa de campo em Belém-Pará, com uso de entrevistas e observação das práticas docentes; o Método Compreensivo e o recurso heurístico denominado de tipo ideal para analisar a denominada fabricalização das Instituições de Ensino Superior Privadas no âmbito brasileiro, como expressão fenomênica modelada pelo paradigma burocrático e o acirramento do empresariamento da educação superior brasileira (gestão com fins econômicos e lucrativos) que se propõe a traduzir: o agudo processo de racionalidade técnica e científica, sob a lógica da valorização dos ganhos de capital e os seus impactos nas formas de dominação e controle na gestão dos trabalhadores docentes.
Sociologia crítica da educação: olhares cosmopolitas
Authors: Cigales Marcelo Pinheiro , Da Silveira Treicy Giovanella
Published: December 2018

Trata-se de uma resenha sobre o livro organizado por  Michael Apple, Stephen Ball e Luís Gandin, intitulado Sociologia da Educação: análise internacional, pulicado pela editora Penso de Porto Alegre em 2013.
Spatial and temporal changes in SO2 regimes over China in the recent decade and the driving mechanism
Authors: Wang Ting , Wang Pucai , Theys Nicolas , Tong Dan , Hendrick François , Zhang Qiang , Van Roozendael Michel
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The spatial and temporal changes in SO2 regimes over China during 2005 to 2016 and their associated
driving mechanism are investigated based on a state-of-the-art retrieval
dataset. Climatological SO2 exhibits pronounced seasonal and
regional variations, with higher loadings in wintertime and two prominent
maxima centered in the North China Plain and the Cheng-Yu District. In the
last decade, overall SO2 decreasing trends have been reported
nationwide, with spatially varying downward rates according to a general rule
– the higher the SO2 loading, the more significant the decrease.
However, such decline is in fact not monotonic, but instead four distinct
temporal regimes can be identified by empirical orthogonal function analysis.
After an initial rise at the beginning, SO2 in China undergoes two
sharp drops in the periods 2007–2008 and 2014–2016, amid which 5-year
moderate rebounding is sustained. Despite spatially coherent behaviors,
different mechanisms are tied to North China and South China. In North China,
the same four regimes are detected in the time series of emission that is
expected to drive the regime of atmospheric SO2, with a percentage
of explained variance amounting to 81 %. Out of total emission, those from
the industrial sector dominate SO2 variation throughout the whole
period, while the role of household emission remains uncertain. In contrast
to North China, SO2 emissions in South China exhibit a continuous
descending tendency, due to the coordinated cuts of industrial and household
emissions. As a result, the role of emissions only makes up about 45 % of
the SO2 variation, primarily owing to the decoupled pathways of
emission and atmospheric content during 2009 to 2013 when the emissions
continue to decline but atmospheric content witnesses a rebound. Unfavorable
meteorological conditions, including deficient precipitation, weaker wind
speed and increased static stability, outweigh the effect of decreasing
emissions and thus give rise to the rebound of SO2 during 2009
to 2013.
Observations of OH-airglow from ground, aircraft, and satellite:
investigation of wave-like structures before a minor stratospheric
warming
Authors: Wüst Sabine , Schmidt Carsten , Hannawald Patrick , Bittner Michael , Mlynczak Martin G. , Russell III James M.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. In January and February 2016, the OH-airglow camera system FAIM (Fast Airglow Imager) measured during six flights on board the research aircraft FALCON in Northern Scandinavia. Flight 1 (14th January 2016) covering the same ground track in several flight legs and flight 5 (28th January 2016) along the shoreline of Norway are discussed in detail in this study. The images of the OH-airglow intensity are analysed with a two-dimensional FFT regarding horizontal periodic structures between 3 km and 26 km horizontal wavelength and their direction of propagation. Two ground-based spectrometers (GRIPS, Ground based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer) provided OH-airglow temperatures. One was placed at ALOMAR, Northern Norway (Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research; 69.28 °N, 16.01 °E) and the other one at Kiruna, Northern Sweden (67.86 °N, 20.24 °E). Especially during the last third of January 2016, the weather conditions at Kiruna were good enough for the computation of nightly means of gravity wave potential energy density. Coincident TIMED-SABER (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics, Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) measurements complete the data set. They allow for the derivation of information about the Brunt-Väisälä frequency and about the height of the OH-airglow layer as well as its thickness. The data are analysed with respect to the temporal and spatial evolution of mesopause gravity wave activity just before a minor stratospheric warming at the end of January 2016. Wave events with periods longer (shorter) than 60 min might mainly be generated in the troposphere (at or above the height of the stratospheric jet). Special emphasize is put on small-scale signatures, i.e. on ripples, which are signatures of local instability and which may be related to a step in a wave breaking process. The most mountainous regions are characterized by the highest occurrence rate of wave-like structures in both flights.
How representative are FLUXNET measurements of surface fluxes during temperature extremes?
Authors: van der Horst Sophie V. J. , Pitman Andrew J. , De Kauwe Martin G. , Ukkola Anna , Abramowitz Gab , Isaac Peter
Published: December 2018

Abstract. In response to a warming climate, temperature extremes are changing in many regions of the world. Therefore, understanding how the fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat and net ecosystem exchange respond and contribute to these changes is important. We examined 216 sites from the open access Tier 1 FLUXNET2015 and Free-Fair-Use La Thuile datasets, focussing only on observed (non-gap filled) data periods. We examined the availability of sensible heat, latent heat and net ecosystem exchange observations coincident in time with measured temperature for all temperatures, and separately for the upper and lower tail of the temperature distribution and expressed this availability as a measurement ratio. We showed that the measurement ratios for both sensible and latent heat fluxes are generally lower (0.79 and 0.73 respectively) than for temperature, and the measurement ratio of net ecosystem exchange measurements are appreciably lower (0.42). However, sites do exist with a high proportion of measured sensible and latent heat fluxes, mostly over the United States, Europe and Australia. Few sites have a high proportion of measured fluxes at the lower tail of the temperature distribution over very cold regions (e.g. Alaska, Russia) and at the upper tail in many warm regions (e.g. Central America and the majority of the Mediterranean region), and many of the world’s coldest and hottest regions are not represented in the freely available FLUXNET data at all (e.g. India, the Gulf States, Greenland and Antarctica). However, some sites do provide measured fluxes at extreme temperatures suggesting an opportunity for the FLUXNET community to share strategies to increase measurement availability at the tails of the temperature distribution. We also highlight a wide discrepancy between the measurement ratios across FLUXNET sites that is not related to the actual temperature or rainfall regimes at the site, which we cannot explain. Our analysis provides guidance to help select eddy covariance sites for researchers interested in exploring responses to temperature extremes.
Understanding the Australian Monsoon change during the Last Glacial Maximum with a multi-model ensemble
Authors: Yan Mi , Wang Bin , Liu Jian , Zhu Axing , Ning Liang , Cao Jian
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The response of the Australian monsoon to external forcings and related
mechanisms during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are investigated by
multi-model experiments in CMIP5–PMIP3. Although the annual mean
precipitation over the Australian monsoon region decreases, the annual range,
or the monsoonality, is enhanced. The precipitation increases in early
austral summer and decreases in austral winter, resulting in the amplified
annual range, but the main contribution comes from the decreased
precipitation in austral winter. The decreased winter precipitation is
primarily caused by weakened upward motion, although reduced water vapor also has
a moderate contribution. The weakened upward motion is induced by the
enhanced land–sea thermal contrast, which intensifies the divergence over
northern Australia. The increased Australian monsoon rainfall in early
summer, however, is an integrated result of the positive effect of
local dynamic processes (enhanced moisture convergence) and the negative
effect of thermodynamics (reduced moisture content). The enhanced moisture
convergence is caused by two factors: the strengthened northwest–southeast
thermal contrast between the cooler Indochina–western Indonesia and the
warmer northeastern Australia, and the east–west sea surface temperature
gradients between the warmer western Pacific and cooler eastern Indian Ocean,
both due to the alteration of land–sea configuration arising from the sea
level drop. The enhanced Australian monsoonality in the LGM is not associated
with global-scale circulation change such as the shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone; rather,
it is mainly due to the change of regional circulations around Australia
arising from the changes in land–sea contrast and the east–west SST
gradients over the Indian and western Pacific oceans. This finding should be taken
into account when investigating its future change under global warming. Our
findings may also explain why proxy records indicate different changes in
Australian monsoon precipitation during the LGM.
A new probability density function for spatial distribution of soil water storage capacity leads to the SCS curve number method
Authors: Wang Dingbao
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Following the Budyko framework, the soil wetting ratio (the ratio between
soil wetting and precipitation) as a function of the soil storage index (the
ratio between soil wetting capacity and precipitation) is derived from the
Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method and the variable
infiltration capacity (VIC) type of model. For the SCS-CN method, the soil
wetting ratio approaches 1 when the soil storage index approaches ∞,
due to the limitation of the SCS-CN method in which the initial soil moisture
condition is not explicitly represented. However, for the VIC type of model,
the soil wetting ratio equals the soil storage index when the soil storage
index is lower than a certain value, due to the finite upper bound of the
generalized Pareto distribution function of storage capacity. In this paper,
a new distribution function, supported on a semi-infinite interval x∈[0,∞), is proposed for describing the spatial distribution of storage
capacity. From this new distribution function, an equation is derived for the
relationship between the soil wetting ratio and the storage index. In the
derived equation, the soil wetting ratio approaches 0 as the storage index
approaches 0; when the storage index tends to infinity, the soil wetting
ratio approaches a certain value (≤1) depending on the initial storage.
Moreover, the derived equation leads to the exact SCS-CN method when initial
water storage is 0. Therefore, the new distribution function for soil water
storage capacity explains the SCS-CN method as a saturation excess runoff
model and unifies the surface runoff modeling of the SCS-CN method and the
VIC type of model.
Task-specific uncertainty estimation for medical CT measurements
Authors: Bredemann Judith , Schmitt Robert H.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Computed tomography (CT) is an important imaging technology for medical
diagnosis purposes. However, by improving the CT scanners with regard to scan
resolution and times, the use of CT is no longer limited to the diagnostic
field. Different minimally invasive procedures are image-guided.
CT-based surgical navigation utilizes 3-D measurements. Therefore,
uncertainties in the imaging and image processing lead to erroneous initial
conditions for the navigation process and result in a higher risk of
unintended injuries of anatomical risk structures. To minimize the risk of
unintended injuries, the uncertainties of the imaging process need to be
estimated and considered during the planning of minimally invasive surgery.
The estimation of uncertainties for medical measurements is still at the
beginning though. Within this contribution, we show that it is important to
consider the uncertainty of different measurement tasks during surgical
planning using the example of minimally invasive surgery to the lateral skull
base. A method for the task-specific uncertainty estimation is used to
estimate the uncertainties for defined measurement tasks. Afterwards, we will
discuss how the results have to be considered during the surgical planning
process.
Soil erodibility and its influencing factors on the Loess Plateau of China: a case study in the Ansai watershed
Authors: Zhao Wenwu , Wei Hui , Jia Lizhi , Daryanto Stefani , Zhang Xiao , Liu Yanxu
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The objectives of this work were to identify the best possible method to estimate soil erodibility (K) and understand the influencing factors of soil erodibility. In this study, 151 soil samples were collected during soil surveys in the Ansai watershed of the Loess Plateau of China. The K values were estimated by five methods: erosion-productivity impact model (EPIC), nomograph equation (NOMO), modified nomograph equation (M-NOMO), Torri model and Shirazi model. The main conclusions of this paper are (1) K values in the Ansai watershed ranged between 0.009 and 0.092 t  ⋅  hm2  ⋅  h/(MJ  ⋅  mm  ⋅  hm2), and the maximum values were 1.9–7.3 times larger than the corresponding minimum values, and the Shirazi and Torri models were considered the optimal models for the Ansai watershed. (2) Different land use types had different levels of importance; the principal components (PCs) accounted for 100 % (native grassland), 48.88 % (sea buckthorn), 62.05 % (Caragana korshinskii), and 53.61 % (pasture grassland) of the variance in soil erodibility. (3) The correlations between soil erodibility and the selected environmental variables differed among different vegetation types. For native grasslands, soil erodibility had significant correlations with terrain factors. For the most artificially managed vegetation types (e.g., apple orchards) and artificially restored vegetation types (e.g., sea buckthorn), soil erodibility had significant correlations with the growing conditions of vegetation. Soil erodibility had indirect relationships with both environmental factors (e.g., elevation and slope) and human activities, which potentially altered soil erodibility.
Micro-scale model comparison (benchmark) at the moderately complex forested site Ryningsnäs
Authors: Ivanell Stefan , Arnqvist Johan , Avila Matias , Cavar Dalibor , Chavez-Arroyo Roberto Aurelio , Olivares-Espinosa Hugo , Peralta Carlos , Adib Jamal , Witha Björn
Published: December 2018

Abstract. This article describes a study in which modellers were challenged to
compute the wind field at a forested site with moderately complex
topography. The task was to model the wind field in stationary conditions
with neutral stratification by using the wind velocity measured at 100 m at
a metmast as the only reference. Detailed maps of terrain elevation and forest
densities were provided as the only inputs, derived from airborne laser scans
(ALSs) with a resolution of 10 m × 10 m covering an area of
50 km × 50 km, that closely match the actual forest and
elevation of the site. The participants were free to apply their best
practices for the simulation to decide the size of the domain, the
value of the geostrophic wind, and every other modelling parameter. The
comparison of the results with the measurements is shown for the vertical
profiles of wind speed, shear, wind direction, and turbulent kinetic energy.
The ALS-based data resulted in reasonable agreement of the wind profile and
turbulence magnitude. The best performance was found to be that of large-eddy
simulations using a very large domain. For the Reynolds-averaged
Navier–Stokes type of models, the constants in the turbulence closure were
shown to have a great influence on the yielded turbulence level, but were of
much less importance for the wind speed profile. Of the variety of closure
constants used by the participating modellers, the closure constants from
Sogachev and Panferov (2006) proved to agree best with the measurements.
Particularly the use of Cμ≈0.03 in the k–ε model
obtained better agreement with turbulence level measurements. All except two
participating models used the full detailed ground and forest information to
model the forest, which is considered significant progress compared to
previous conventional approaches. Overall, the article gives an overview of
how well different types of models are able to capture the flow physics at a
moderately complex forested site.
El enterramiento colectivo de “El Perdido” (Torres de la Alameda-Madrid): paleodemografía y paleoauxología
Authors: Serio Tejero Isabel , Heras Martínez César , Galera Olmo Virginia , Bastida Ramírez Ana
Published: December 2018

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo fundamental el estudio paleodemográfico y paleoauxológico del grupo humano cuyos restos esqueléticos han sido excavados en la tumba calcolítica de El Perdido. Se trata de un enterramiento colectivo perteneciente a un “grupo familiar extendido” en un lapso temporal de, aproximadamente, un siglo. Se ha determinado la presencia de un número mínimo de 78 individuos, de ambos sexos y todas las categorías de edad. Su esperanza de vida al nacimiento era 19,10 años y ninguno de sus miembros sobrepasó los 40. Su estructura demográfica está alterada por la elevada mortalidad infantil que afecta a individuos entre los 5 y los 9 años. El perfil demográfico de este grupo no responde a los modelos establecidos para poblaciones de Régimen Demográfico Antiguo (RDA) y podría asociarse a un perfil catastrófico. El estudio paleoauxológico demuestra que se trata de un grupo humano de baja estatura cuyos individuos tenían un crecimiento normal.
Presente y futuro de las técnicas aplicadas al estudio de la estacionalidad
Authors: Sánchez Flores Antonio Jesús , Arriaza Mari Carmen , Sainz de los Terreros José Yravedra
Published: December 2018

A mediados del siglo XX, los métodos de los estudios de estacionalidad surgieron para intentar establecer el momento del año y el tiempo de ocupación en el que se habitaron los yacimientos arqueológicos. Sin embargo, las limitaciones de estas técnicas, basadas fundamentalmente en restos óseos fósiles, han dificultado la interpretación de estos datos. Este trabajo hace una relación de la mayoría de métodos utilizados para los estudios estacionales hasta la fecha, para facilitar su comprensión y su futura aplicación, destacando las virtudes y los defectos de cada uno.
Las tierras bajas bolivianas como escenario de representación, siglos XIX-XXI
Authors: Guiteras Mombiola Anna
Published: December 2018

Presentación
Etnografía en un fondo histórico. La mano de obra y las inquietudes de la Casa Suárez ante la crisis gomera, 1920-1940
Authors: Lehman Kathryn
Published: December 2018

Este artículo examina la Casa Suárez durante el período de crisis de la economía de la goma elástica, después del año 1920. Tomando como herramienta de análisis el método de «etnografía en y del archivo» propuesto por Laura Ann Stoler (2009), se estudia el modo en que las inquietudes relativas a la inseguridad territorial y las dificultades económicas sufridas entre 1920 y 1940 afectaron la percepción de la empresa gomera hacia sus trabajadores. En estos tiempos de incertidumbre, la administración de Casa Suárez percibió al conjunto de sus trabajadores gomeros como herramientas para combatir los problemas que la administración enfrentaba. Como consecuencia, la administración realizó cambios en las representaciones de la fuerza laboral, que se encuentran plasmadas en los documentos internos de la Casa, dejando de ser vistos los trabajadores como elementos que debían producir la mayor cantidad de goma posible para pasar a ser considerados como un colectivo al que había que mantener y proteger.
No hay historia global sin el Pacífico y América: el quimón en Nueva España y la circulación de tejidos de algodón pintado (siglos XVI-XIX)
Authors: Martins Torres Andreia
Published: December 2018

Este trabajo pretende contribuir al debate sobre el impacto de los algodones pintados de India, en el exterior, a partir del siglo XVI. A pesar del creciente interés por el tema, no se ha considerado el contexto americano y, sobre todo, el comercio por el Pacífico. Eso repercute en una visión circunscrita de su circulación, ignorando el papel central de la Nueva España como eje de conexión entre Asia y Europa dentro del Imperio Español. Es eso lo que se tratará de combatir a partir del estudio de un tipo de algodón pintado, llamado Quimón, que disfrutó de amplia difusión en el virreinato. Se utilizarán las fuentes escritas y pictóricas para percibir el origen de esos materiales, la forma en que penetraron en el gusto de la población, hasta el punto de motivar interpretaciones locales.
Autoridades y conflictos de jurisdicción en “pueblos de indios”. Córdoba, Gobernación del Tucumán, 1750-1810
Authors: Tell Sonia
Published: December 2018

En este artículo se aborda la administración de gobierno y justicia en los “pueblos de indios” de Córdoba entre 1750 y 1810, período caracterizado por el crecimiento demográfico de la mayoría de los pueblos que habían persistido hasta entonces, el final del proceso de disolución de la encomienda privada iniciado a principios del siglo XVIII y las reformas de los Borbones en el ramo de tributo, procesos que contribuyeron a fortalecer a las autoridades indígenas, a las que se asignaron responsabilidades de empadronamiento, cobro del tributo y administración de justicia. En primer lugar, se identifican atribuciones de caciques, alcaldes y regidores indígenas; a continuación, se examinan las competencias de gobierno, justicia y policía de otras autoridades (capitanes recaudadores de tributo, curas doctrineros, alcaldes de la hermandad y jueces pedáneos) sobre estos pueblos. Por último, se tratan las contiendas de jurisdicción entre ambos grupos de autoridades, que se produjeron por el ejercicio de la jurisdicción criminal sobre los pueblos y sus habitantes, especialmente los foráneos identificados como mestizos o “castas”. Estos temas se consideran en relación con el proceso de adaptación y resistencia al dominio colonial y el acceso de las sociedades indígenas a la justicia española.
Lothar Gutjahr's “Nourishing Notions or Poisonous Propositions? Can ‘New Phenomenology’ Inspire Gestalt Therapy?”
Authors: Höll Kathleen
Published: December 2018

An increasing number of colleagues consider “New Phenomenology” of the German philosopher Hermann Schmitz to be a good complement or even an improvement to Gestalt therapy theory. This commentator supports Gutjahr's (2018) critical view and complements it with a look at Schmitz's philosophical work, which offered new ways of approaching the issue, but soon narrowed itself down to outdated terms like “Leib” [felt-body]. She comes to the conclusion that these terms from Schmitz's “private,” premodern language are incompatible with Gestalt therapy. He dispenses with all the productive results of so many new fields of human and social research. His followers also negate Goldstein's (1939) concept of the “organism” and the broad approach of bodywork offered by the pioneers of Gestalt therapy.
The Originality of Copies: Cover Versions and Versioning in Remix Practice
Authors: Navas Eduardo
Published: December 2018

In this article I analyze the cover version as a specific form of copying in music recording and performance, and then evaluate it as a cultural variable that is part of the creative process in remix practice. This analysis demonstrates that cover versions, versioning, editing, sampling, and remixing are dependent on copying and, for this reason, my eventual focus is on the relation of copies to originals and copies to copies. Another important element examined throughout the essay is the role of selectivity in the creative process as a foundational principle of communication and how it shapes varying popular and individualized assumptions about definitions of originals and copies.
Andy Warhol, Sarah Bernhardt, and the “Original Copy”
Authors: Taimre Ilmar
Published: December 2018

Andy Warhol’s portrait of Sarah Bernhardt (1980) simultaneously copies a preexisting photograph and overlays it with idiosyncratic gestures of original invention. The resulting work can be described as an “original copy,” a hybrid category of copying in the pictorial arts, analogous to “cover versions” in popular music. This article outlines the history of prior images related to this Warhol work. It considers how this history compares to those associated with two other renowned portraits of Bernhardt, one by Jules Bastien-Lepage (1879), the other by William Nicholson (1897). These three case studies are used to justify the articulation of two heuristic models—one static and one dynamic—for describing and distinguishing qualitatively different types of copying processes in art world contexts.
Glocalization, Hard-won Status, and Performative Femininity: A Case Study of The Real Housewives Format
Authors: Johnson Rosser , Trelease Rebecca
Published: December 2018

Since 2006 The Real Housewives format has centered on nine different cities in the United States and eight cities outside that country. Every eponymous season showcases the lives of a group of high status women. Overt, knowledgeable consumption is the most obvious key feature of the format: the central access point for the lifestyle enjoyed by a “housewife” is her ability to tastefully spend significant amounts of money. This article deploys glocalization to critically understand the format, with a particular focus on the ways in which pedagogical ideas of femininity are encoded. Our analysis demonstrates the extent to which traditional, conservative values are valorized at the same time as the surface narratives supposedly demonstrate the independence and agency of the “housewives.” We conclude by postulating that the format might also demonstrate that the elite status these women enjoy involves that they deploy their agency as sexual beings to resolutely traditional, conservative ends.
Evaluación de la asignatura de Prácticas de Especialización en la carrera Licenciatura en Educación Física y Deportes, según plan de estudios 2013 de la Facultad de Educación e Idiomas, Recinto Universitario Rubén Darío, UNAN-Managua
Authors: Ruíz Cabrera Francisco Javier
Published: December 2018

El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar la asignatura de prácticas de especialización en la carrera de educación física y deportes plan de estudios 2013. Es un estudio analítico, retrospectivo, transversal, cuali cuantitativo, la población del estudio estuvo conformada por 30 estudiantes que inscribieron la asignatura. Se aplicó encuesta a estudiantes y docentes, así como grupo focal a docentes y se utilizó guía de revisión documental. De acuerdo con la naturaleza de cada una de las variables (cuantitativas y cualitativas), guiados por el compromiso que fue definido en cada uno de los objetivos específicos, fueron realizados los análisis descriptivos correspondientes a variables nominales y ordinales, entre ellos:

El análisis de frecuencia y las estadísticas descriptivas según cada caso. Además, fueron realizado los análisis en gráficos de tipo barras de manera univariadas para variables de categorías, en un mismo plano cartesiano, en forma clara y sintética. Asimismo, se aplicó la prueba de Tau C de Kendall para la variable operativa de relación entre dos variables en estudio. Se realizó triangulación de datos utilizándose distintas fuentes; Triangulación de método porque la investigación es cuali-cuantitativa en la que se recogió información medible y se pudo verificar y comparar con la información que brindó el grupo focal. Los resultados reflejan que la ocupación de los estudiantes el 67% son docentes, las edades el 28% están en el rango de 24 a 29 y de 40 a más respectivamente, el estado civil 56% solteros; La procedencia 39% vienen de zona urbana, nivel de escolaridad el 78% están en primera carrera y 72% es del sexo masculino.

El 56% de los estudiantes sugieren utilizar ambas herramientas educativas, el docente prefiere la carpeta pedagógica. La nota final según escala de calificación refleja, que 33% se encuentran en escala de bueno y excelente respectivamente. Se demostró coeficientes de correlación significativos p<,0.05 en 12 de los 16 Aprendizajes Cognitivos están relacionadas. Así mismo, existen niveles críticos mayores, afirmando que 4 de los 16 aprendizajes cognitivos no están relacionados. Se elaboró una propuesta que proporcione mayores aportes a aspectos académicos e investigativos tales como guía metodológica, formato de evaluación y una estructura metodológica de investigación.
Lo indígena y las reformas agrarias en Nicaragua durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Villalta Orozco Marvin Antonio
Published: December 2018

El artículo “Lo indígena y las reformas agrarias en Nicaragua durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX”, se inscribe en un trabajo de investigación más amplio titulado: Los Pueblos Chorotegas, actualidad y cambios, 1992-2016. El caso de los cinco pueblos indígenas de Madriz y Nueva Segovia, como propuesta de tesis doctoral. Este artículo desarrolla una revisión sobre el discurso y tratamiento oficial del tema indígena y las reformas agrarias de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, realizado desde una perspectiva metodológica de estudios históricos, con una precisa revisión documental. La fortaleza del artículo radica en evidenciar el discurso oficial sobre pueblos indígenas, la deslegitimación desde lo jurídico y las intenciones de apropiación de las tierras para fortalecer el mercado agrícola y la sucesiva incorporación de las élites nacionales a la economía internacional a través de la explotación de los recursos arrebatados a las comunidades indígenas mediante las reformas agrarias.
Sapere aude (dizia Kant): a bibliografia, uma ordem do discurso do século XXI?
Authors: Caproni Attilio Mauro
Published: December 2018

Introdução: a reflexão histórica e teórica coloca em questão a condição da Bibliografia no século XX, considerada como o grande século dos livros, a partir do pensamento bibliográfico italiano. Objetivos: discutir o lugar da Bibliografia no século XX e seus determinantes sócio-históricos. Metodologia: a partir de natureza bibliográfica, o estudo constituiu-se como um trabalho histórico, de fundo teórico, tendo como argumento o discurso de Kant, guiado pela máxima "tenha a coragem de saber". Resultados e conclusões: a reflexão nos leva a uma discussão sobre a Bibliografia, o livro e as transformações das redes sociais digitais contemporâneas, explicando as contradições da interpretação de tais fenômenos no tempo histórico e demarcando a Bibliografia como uma memória da escrita e o livro como uma espécie de entidade absoluta.