bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cerebral collateral status using computed tomography angiography in ischemic stroke: review of manual and automated methods
Authors: Dolotova D. D. , Blagosklonova E. R. , Ramazanov G. R. , Arkhipov I. V. , Petrikov S. S. , Gavrilov A. V.
Published: August 2022

In ischemic stroke, the condition of cerebral collateral circulation is one of the key factors determining the outcome. Digital subtraction angiography is considered the gold standard of evaluation of cerebral collateral circulation. However, computed tomography angiography is the most widely used method characterized by high level of conformity with subtraction angiography. Currently, several scales of visual evaluation of collateral circulation development in images obtained by computed tomography angiography are used. The scales describe the territory of stroke-associated cerebral artery, as well as details of various areas of the territory. The association between the score and severity of neurological deficit and volume of cerebral ischemia was demonstrated in numerous studies. However, consensus on the most reliable method of description of cerebral collateral status has not been reached. Use of modern methods of processing of medical images and artificial intelligence allowed to make a significant step towards automatization of collateral status evaluation with such benefits as high processing speed and resistance to subjective opinion. Despite low number of studies on this subject, implementation of automated solutions has already showed its effectiveness. In this review, scales for manual evaluation of cerebral collateral status are considered, their reliability is described, and current approaches to automated evaluation of collateral circulation in ischemic stroke are presented.
Historical accuracy: determination of the foundation date of the Institute – National Center for Neurosurgery
Authors: Likhterman L. B.
Published: August 2022

Study of the documents from 1928–2015 allowed to determine historically accurate date of foundation of the National Center for Neurosurgery. On this date, due to the initiative from N. N. Burdenko and V. V. Kramer and according to the Decree of the Small Council of the Peoples’ Commissars of the RSFSR, the first Moscow neurosurgical clinic under the State Roentgen Institute opened its doors. Note in the preserved operation journal of the clinic states that the first patient was operated on by N. N. Burdenko on February 15th, 1929. In the context of surgical facilities, the date of first surgery is considered the date of their opening.

In 1932, the Scientific Research Neurosurgical Institute was established at the first neurosurgical clinic which in 2015 in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation was transformed into the N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery.
Comparative analysis of the results of endoscopic surgery and external ventricular drainage in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage
Authors: Godkov I. M. , Dashyan V. G. , Elfimov A. V. , Khamurzov V. A. , Grin A. A. , Krylov V. V. , Nefedova G. A. , Svishcheva P. O.
Published: August 2022

Background. The comparison of external ventricular drainage and endoscopic surgery in patients with intraventricular hemorrhages is carried out.

The aim of the study is to perform comparative analysis of external ventricular drainage and endoscopic surgery results in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was performed in 29 patients with intraventricular hemorrhage who underwent surgery at the N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, Moscow, and the Yaroslavl Regional Clinical Hospital. Endoscopic surgery for intraventricular hemorrhage was performed in 15 cases (treatment group), and in 3 cases endoscopic removal was accompanied by external ventricular drainage. External ventricular drainage without endoscopic surgery was performed in 14 cases (control group), and in 3 of these cases local fibrinolysis was also performed. In the treatment group, mean age was 59.6 ± 16.7 years, level of consciousness per the Glasgow Coma Scale prior to surgery was 9.9 ± 3.3, severity of intraventricular hemorrhage per the Graeb Scale was 7.3 ± 2.5. In the control group, mean age was 52.8 ± 9.6 years, level of consciousness per the Glasgow Coma Scale prior to surgery was 10.7 ± 3.2, severity of intraventricular hemorrhage per the Graeb Scale was 5.0 ± 2.6. Outcomes were assessed on the 30th day after hemorrhage using the modified Rankin Scale.

Results. Endoscopic method allows to effectively remove clots from the lateral and III ventricles, decreasing the volume of intraventricular hemorrhage from 7.3 ± 2.5 to 3.9 ± 2.5 points per the Graeb Scale. Comparative analysis showed no difference in hydrocephalus resolution in the treatment and control groups. There were no intracranial infectious complications in the treatment group, but in the control group bacterial meningitis was diagnosed in 2 (14.3 %) of the 14 patients. Favorable outcome (score 0–2 per the modified Rankin Scale) was observed in 40.0 % of patients in the treatment group and 28.6 % in the control group. Mortality was 13.3 % in the treatment group and 57.1 % in the control group (χ2 = 8.6, p <0.01).

Conclusion. Endoscopic surgery is an effective and safe method for intraventricular hemorrhage management and third ventriculostomy for occlusive hydrocephalus resolution, allowing to achieve better functional results and decrease mortality in patients with nontraumatic intraventricular hemorrhage.
Experience of using intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in the surgical treatment of brain gliomas
Authors: Grigorev I. V. , Akopyan G. B. , Melchenko S. A. , Senko I. V. , Gubskiy I. L. , Kalandari A. A. , Kordonskaya O. O. , Sermagambetova Zh. N. , Krylov V. V.
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Volume of glioma resection positively correlated with treatment results. Advance in extent of resection due to various additive methods leads to prolonged overall survival and delays progression. Our aim was to evaluate the value of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective – to present the first experience of using intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging and evaluate the effectiveness and safeness of this technique in surgery of glial brain tumors.

Material and methods. Prospective analysis of surgical interventions performed using the intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging and the results of neuroimaging in 9 patients with different grade brain gliomas treated in Federal Brain and Neurotechnology Center was carried out.

Results. In all patients we detect variable residual tumor volume after first resection. Additional resection was performed in all cases after the intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Mean scan time were 45 minutes overall time for scan were decreasing as we gain experience in using intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging.

Conclusion. Intraoperative high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging can be successfully used in the surgery of brain gliomas. The technique allows increasing the radicality of tumor removal without increasing the risk of complications.
A rare case of the supratentorial extraventricular anaplastic ependymoma. Case report and literature review
Authors: Gavrilov A. G. , Chelushkin D. M. , Latyshev Ya. A. , Ryzhova M. V. , Panina T. N.
Published: August 2022

Ependymoma is a brain tumor accounting for 1.9 % of all benign brain tumors and 3.1 % of glial tumors and 2–9 % of all neuroepithelial tumors. Approximately one third of intracranial ependymal tumors are supratentorial. They may be attached to the ependymal walls of the III ventricle and lateral ventricles or may be sited in the white matter without direct connection to the ventricular system pressing the adjacent cortex. In very rare cases ependymomas may lie cortically with blood supply from the dura – so-called «cortical» ependymomas.

Posterior fossa ependymomas are more common in pediatric population with mean age of 6 years, whereas supratentorial ependymomas manifest in adults. In adults Grade III anaplastic ependymomas are most commonly seen.

These tumors have no specific features and clinical manifestations of extraventricular anaplastic ependymomas may vary greatly depending on localization and size of the tumor.

Supratentorial anaplastic ependymomas have no specific neuroimaging features either. Tumors are often hypo- and isointense in T1 and iso- or hyperintense in T2 sequence, Gd -inhancement is variable.

Ependymomas are considered to be non-invasive and to have a strict border with brain tissue thus leading to clinical manifestations because of mass-effect.

Surgical resection is the main treatment option for ependymoma. Patients with local Grade II tumor recurrence and patients with Grade III ependymomas should under go radiotherapy on the tumor r esection cavity.

We present a rare case of a supratentorial extraventricular anaplastic ependymoma. A 21‑year-old female presented to the clinic with paresthesia and numbness in right hand, right half of lower lip and astereognosis. The magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a mass lesion in left fronto-parietal region. At 10.10.2017 surgery was performed and tumor was resected. Histological findings matched with features of anaplastic ependimoma, WHO Grade III. There was no tumor progression during 3 months after surgery.
Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic removal of a foreign body of the lumbar spine
Authors: Bulyshchenko G. G. , Gayvoronsky A. I. , Liev P. S. , Kuznetsov M. V. , Svistov D. V.
Published: August 2022

A clinical example of surgical treatment of a patient with long-term consequences of a gunshot blind non-penetrating wound of the lumbar spine received 15 years ago is presented. The indication for performing surgical intervention was the development of recurrent retroperitoneal phlegmon in the last year and a half against the background of the presence of a foreign body (bullet) in the interbody gap L1–L2. In the “cold” period of the inflammatory process, the least invasive operation was performed. The article describes the course of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic removal of a foreign body, and demonstrates the possibilities of such access. The above clinical observation indicates that the method of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic surgery may not be limited in its indications only to degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine.
Surgical methods in management of metastatic spinal cord lesions
Authors: Ermolaev A. Yu. , Yarikov A. V. , Aleynik A. Ya. , Dubskikh A. O. , Smirnov I. I. , Perlmutter O. A. , Sosnin A. G. , Ermolaeva A. M. , Fraerman A. P.
Published: August 2022

Malignant neoplasms remain the leading cause of death worldwide. The spine is a target for metastasis more often than other skeletal bones. This article details the principles of diagnosis, treatment, and the clinical picture of secondarylesions of the spinal column. The causes of pain syndrome in cancerous lesions of the spine are reviewed: compression of nerve structures, pathological fractures, spinal instability, lytic foci and paraneoplastic pain syndrome. The causes and patterns of each type of pain syndrome are described in detail. The article presents the scales used to predict the life expectancy of these patients: Tokuhashi, Tomita and Bauer. The effectiveness of these scales is compared. The selection criteria for surgical treatment of patients with metastatic lesions of the spine are described in detail. Modern methods of surgical treatment of secondary lesions of the spinal column are presented: palliative, subtotal, total (enblock resections). The indications and contraindications for each type of surgical treatment are described. Methods of intraoperative hemostasis are described, with the special attention given to preoperative tumor embolization. The errors and complications of this technique are described in detail. The correlation dependence of intraoperative blood loss volume on the embolization terms is presented. Modern trends in the development of surgical methods in metastatic spinal tumors are described in conclusion.
Spinal tumors: literature review
Authors: Zakondyrin D. E. , Grin A. A.
Published: August 2022

Problems epidemiology, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of spinal tumors are considered. Data on morbidity and characteristics of different histological forms of benign and malignant vertebral tumors are presented. Features of spinal tumor diagnosis, classic radiological signs, and current noninvasive visualization and invasive (biopsy) techniques are discussed. Literature data on techniques and capabilities of surgical treatment are analyzed. Current trends in selection of surgical intervention radicality level depending on the type of spinal tumor using staging classifications by Ennеking, Weinstein–Boriani–Biagini and Tomita are described. Current indications for radical en bloc resection performed in a limited number of cases is considered. Minimally invasive spine surgery is discussed: from vertebroplasty, radiofrequency ablation and intervention removal of metastatic tumor to separation surgery for epidural compression. Apart from surgical treatment, neoadjuvant and adjuvant radiotherapy of vertebral tumors are analyzed: conventional, conformal, including stereotaxic, beam therapy and radiosurgery. Data on current trends in treatment selection depending on histological nature of the tumor, its radiosensitivity and probability of post-radiation malignant transformation are presented. Drug treatment, in particular chemotherapy, is an indispensable in treatment of secondary and some primary spinal tumors. Data on chemosensitivity of various tumors and tactics of combination and complex treatment are presented. Evidently, the current trend is to decrease the level of surgical invasiveness and selection of minimally invasive methods of surgical treatment. Moreover, it is concluded that considering the biological nature of hemopoietic tumors and some sarcomas, currently surgical treatment is not the main method of treatment of these malignant tumors.
Yin yoga improves sleep quality more than Vinyasa yoga on female office workers with mild to moderate insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sari Oktavia , Purnawati Susy , Wahyuni Nila
Published: August 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic triggers anxiety in individuals due to uncertain changes. Female workers experience greater stressors because of the demands related to work and family; thus, they are prone to chronic sleep disorders, insomnia, and other conditions. Yoga, as an alternative to medical therapy, can reduce the hyperarousal state caused by autonomic imbalance and improve sleep quality. The objective of this study was to measure the effectiveness of Yin and Vinyasa yoga in enhancing sleep quality in female office workers suffering from mild to moderate insomnia.Methods: This experimental study employed a before and after test control group design. Respondents were 30 female office workers in Malang and Bali with sleep disorders measured by the insomnia severity index (ISI), which were divided into two groups of 15. The PSQI measurement was performed to determine changes in sleep quality post-intervention.Results: Wilcoxon test assessed the hypothesis, and all components have p<0.05, which indicates a significant difference between pre and post-Vinyasa yoga intervention and similar results for the Yin yoga with paired t test. To test the comparison of the mean sleep quality using the Mann Whitney U test, the value of p=0.019 (p<0.05) showed a significant difference post-intervention. Descriptive statistics show the improvement in the Vinyasa Yoga and Yin yoga groups was by 60% and 86.7, respectively.Conclusions: From the results, the conclusion is that Yin yoga improves sleep quality better than Vinyasa yoga for female office workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MUSEU CAPIXABA DO NEGRO MARIA VERÔNICA DA PAS (MUCANE):
Authors: Corrêa de Souza Maria José , Pereira dos Santos André Filipe Reid
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo objetiva acompanhar a trajetória do Museu Capixaba do Negro Maria Verônca da Pas (MUCANE), a fim de analisar se o museu foi e ainda é um espaço de quilombismo e de preservação da memória do protagonismo da mulher negra. Utilizou-se também da observação participante e da pesquisa com perguntas semiestruturadas e fontes diversas. Por fim, na análise dos resultados, juntamente com as considerações finais, são apresentados os resultados da pesquisa onde constatou-se que o MUCANE surge com a proposta de ser um lugar de resistência, de memória viva, alteridade e autonomia, mas com a institucionalização do espaço, houve uma tentativa de apagamento de algumas memórias, e consequentemente perdeu força do instituinte.
“O QUE HOUVE COM AQUELA FAMÍLIA?”
Authors: Farofa Renato Rodrigues
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o espaço cemiterial evangélico-luterano como um lugar de memória pedagógica no conceito comunitário desse grupo religioso. Tendo como objeto de estudo um conjunto de sepulturas na entrada do cemitério da comunidade evangélica luterana São Pedro do Canguçu Velho, interior do município de Canguçu-RS, e com base nas entrevistas concedidas por dois membros desta comunidade religiosa a respeito das práticas fúnebres e teologia da igreja luterana em relação a suicidas, este trabalho faz uma análise dessas memórias relacionando-as com a memória e identidade religiosa/comunitária.
Palavras chave: Cemitérios – Evangélico-luteranos – Memória Pedagógica – Suicídio - Práticas fúnebres
ESTRADAS, DOENÇAS ENDÊMICAS E O PROCESSO DE ABERTURA DE ESTRADAS E FERROVIAS NO OESTE PAULISTA
Authors: Scarabeli Zancanari Natalia
Published: August 2022

No contexto da expansão das fronteiras agrícolas, no final século XIX e começo do XX, em particular no Oeste paulista, com a construção de ferrovias e estradas, essa região se torna endêmica para várias doenças, como a febre amarela, entre trabalhadores da construção das ferrovias. Deste modo, busca-se analisar a propagação da febre amarela naquela região e as teorias sobre causas e tratamentos que circulavam nas cidades da fronteira, através dos jornais da cidade de Jaboticabal. Percebe-se uma transição no período entre as referências a teoria do miasma para perspectiva da teoria microbiana como forma de transmissão da doença.
NARRATIVAS MÉDICAS SOBRE FEMINILIDADE NAS PUBLICAÇÕES DA LIGA BRASILEIRA DE HIGIENE MENTAL (1925-1947)
Authors: Polubriaginof Cláudia , Franco de Lira Siqueira Lucciano , De Souza Campos Paulo Fernando
Published: August 2022

Estudos interdisciplinares indicam que o diálogo entre história e saúde constituem uma oportunidade a mais no processo de desmonte do controle dos corpos e das subjetividades. Fundado na documentação histórica o artigo evoca a Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental – LBHM e evidencia impactos de narrativas médicas em relação às questões de gênero, destacadamente, sobre feminilidade. Os resultados sinalizam para permanências estruturais da dominação histórica que a medicina mental decisivamente promoveu, no caso, centrado na ideia de mulher-esposa-mãe.
GÊNERO, IDENTIDADE E REVOLUÇÃO NOS TEMPOS DE VARGAS
Authors: Dias Luiz Antonio , Campos Alzira Lobo de Arruda , Sousa Rafael Lopes de
Published: August 2022

Procura-se contribuir para o entendimento da participação da mulher no projeto revolucionário brasileiro. O modelo analítico entrecruza a esfera pública e a privada, no cotidiano da casa e da rua, verificando os limites da atuação de mulheres que se fizeram públicas, por opções políticas, contrariando o esquema clássico de “homem na praça, mulher na casa”. Trata-se de uma micro-história, inserida no universo coletivo da luta revolucionária, focalizando um grupo de mulheres que se integrou em programas políticos complexos e heterogêneos de correntes revolucionárias de esquerda, em especial na prototrotskista. Com o objetivo de verificar os “entre lugares” ocupados pelo “segundo sexo” na luta proletária, esta reflexão é fundamentada em documentos existentes em arquivos da memória operária e da polícia política das décadas de 1930 e 1940.
VALORAÇÃO DIFERENCIAL DA VIDA:
Authors: Saraiva Silva Isabel
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo objetivou a análise das contribuições de Foucault para os estudos das relações de gênero a partir da obra "História da Sexualidade I", com olhar especial para as relações protagonizadas por empregadas domésticas defloradas. Para tal, foram utilizadas fontes encontradas no Arquivo do Judiciário Amazonense datadas do período contido entre os anos 1932 a 1962. No primeiro momento, apresentou-se uma resenha dos capítulos do livro de Foucault ora em tela, rastreando conceitos que auxiliam sobremaneira a compreensão do papel feminino nas sociedades ocidentais. No segundo momento, discutiu-se os conceitos foucaultianos à luz das histórias de mulheres pobres trabalhadoras que viveram em Manaus no período supracitado, relacionando os conceitos foucaultianos àqueles trabalhados por outros autores com ideias consonantes.
 
Palavras-chave: Gênero; Manaus; Arquivo do Judiciário; Biopoder.
SER MÃE É UMA CONCEPÇÃO DIVINA?
Authors: Silva Carolina Fernandes da , Vicenzi Liziane Nathália , De Borba Bruna Letícia
Published: August 2022

Este artigo buscou identificar quais as representações dos deveres maternalistas com a educação física nas revistas femininas Jornal das Moças e O Cruzeiro no período de 1930 a 1950. A metodologia consistiu em uma busca por essas representações por meio do paradigma indiciário e a análise documental de reportagens. A análise revelou que as principais representações dos deveres com a educação física foram relacionados a si mesma e aos filhos, a saber: educadora do corpo. Além disso, identificou-se que os periódicos jornalísticos reforçaram a função das mães como extensão do espaço escolar para a educação dos corpos dos filhos, baseados em preceitos da disciplina de educação física. O “ser mãe” era considerado uma concepção divina e dever social com o propósito de criar bons cidadãos para a pátria.
Palavras-chaves: Mães, Representação, Revista Feminina, Jornal das Moças, O Cruzeiro.
ARQUIVOS DE IMPRENSA:
Authors: De Mélo Escarrone Costa Isadora , Reis Laura Junqueira de Mello
Published: August 2022

Utilizando-se da Nova História Cultural e da História Política Renovada, o presente trabalho busca analisar como os jornais, além de fontes para diferentes pesquisas, também podem ser objetos dessas. Nesse sentido, problematizaremos as transformações ocorridas na sociedade brasileira da década de 1850 a fim de percebermos como essas mudanças impactaram também a realidade da imprensa desse período. Posteriormente estudaremos o processo que possibilitou a demanda por uma segmentação temática dos assuntos da imprensa e dos interesses impressos destinadas a cada público leitor, principalmente o feminino. Como resultado de pesquisa, foi possível vistoriar que a partir de meados do século XIX uma pequena parte das mulheres letradas se tornou não apenas leitoras, mas também escritoras, apresentando novas funções, demandas e perspectivas, que podem ser encontradas em diferentes periódicos, não apenas aqueles dedicados às damas e senhoras de época.
HIERARQUIA DO ACERVO:
Authors: Semião Freitas Norma Sueli , Silva Jailson Pereira da
Published: August 2022

Esse artigo aborda a relação entre mulheres e arquivo, partindo do acervo documental referente à figura pública de Luíza Távora. Luíza foi primeira-dama do Estado do Ceará em dois momentos (1963-1966 e 1979-1982). Embora sua imagem seja monumentalizada, nomeando escolas, ruas e praças, e a despeito de ser rememorada como “a mãe dos pobres”, Luíza não tem lugar no Arquivo Público do Estado do Ceará, a não ser como adendo do Fundo Documental do esposo. Para ela, existe apenas uma subsérie, dentro da série “documentos pessoais”. Essa situação nos faz pensar como questões de gêneros atuam sobre mulheres que, mesmo sendo brancas, ricas e oriundas de famílias tradicionais, têm seus acervos erigidos com entradas subalternas nos arquivos dedicados aos homens.
CONSTRUÇÃO DA AMEAÇA ARGENTINA:
Authors: Fernandes Lanzoni Raquel
Published: August 2022

Resenha de: SANTOS, Rodolpho Gauthier Cardoso dos. A construção da ameaça argentina: a oposição a Perón na imprensa brasileira (1945-1955). São Paulo: Intermeios, 2021. 238p.
“A MIM DELEITAM-ME OS CERTAMES LITERÁRIOS”:
Authors: Salvaia Priscila
Published: August 2022

O artigo aborda certo debate crítico-literário suscitado pelo romance Sonhos d´ouro (1872), de Sênio [pseudônimo de José de Alencar], à época de seu lançamento. Polemizando em torno das temáticas de uma ética liberal em suposto desajuste com o modus operandi de uma sociedade patriarcal, e de uma estética romântica em processo de decadência frente ao realismo, o debate entre “Sênio” e “Alceste” reverberava os aspectos morais, culturais e sociais que matizaram o Brasil do fim do período oitocentista. Destarte, ao reconstituir tal contenda, trazemos à baila especialmente o recorte da condição/representação feminina em tal historicidade, haja vista que literato e crítico se opunham sobretudo em suas percepções acerca de Guida, o perfil feminino criado por Alencar.
Palavras-chave: Literatura brasileira; século XIX; crítica literária; gênero.
REVISITANDO A INDEPENDÊNCIA:
Authors: Daltin Carrega Arthur
Published: August 2022

Resenha: PIMENTA, João Paulo. Independência do Brasil. São Paulo. Contexto, 2022. 160p.
Comparative evaluation of fentanyl and magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to 0.375% bupivacaine in ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block
Authors: Gupta Manu
Published: August 2022

Supraclavicular block helps in achieving good anaesthesia along with complete muscle relaxation while providing hemodynamic stability and excellent post-operative analgesia. The addition of opioids to local anaesthetics injected during brachial plexus block has been shown to decrease the post-operative systemic analgesic requirements. This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of addition of MgSO (150 mg) and Fentanyl (50 micrograms) to 0.375% bupivacaine with placebo in supraclavicular brachial plexus block.

A prospective double-blind randomised controlled study was conducted comprising of 75 patients undergoing upper limb surgeries under ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Patients were randomized into one of the three groups (n=25) and designated as Group P (20ml of 0.375% Bupivacaine only), Group M (150 mg Magnesium sulphate with Bupivacaine) and Group F (50 micrograms Fentanyl with Bupivacaine). The primary purpose of the studywasto compare the onset and quality of sensory as well as motor blockade in all three groups.

The onset time (in minutes) of sensory as well as motor blockade was significantly shorter in group P (p<0.001). Mean duration of sensory blockade (7.65±1.05 hours) and motor blockade (8.17±1.17 hours) was longest in group F when compared to group M and group P (p<0.001). Percentage of patients requiring rescue analgesia were significantly less in group F (16%) than group M (32%) and group P (80%) respectively (p<0.001). The mean time prior to administration of rescue analgesia in groups F, M and P were 14.21±4.29, 9.86±1.49 and 8.50 ±2.37 hours respectively (p<0.001).

Although the additives delay the onset of action of local anaesthetic agents in brachial plexus block, Fentanyl as an adjuvant provided superior analgesia when compared to Magnesium sulphate as well as placebo with respect to duration of motor and sensory blockade. In addition, patients who received fentanyl as an adjuvant, required lesser rescue analgesia in the post-operative period.
A comparative study of awakening characteristics after propofol based total intravenous anaesthesia and sevoflurane based volatile induction and maintenance anaesthesia in short surgical procedure
Authors: Patel Leena P , Rathva Chirag S , Solanki Vishal R , Patel Rinkal D , Thakkar Jayshree
Published: August 2022

To maintain hemodynamic parameters and rapid emergence is a challenge for anaesthesiologist in emerging era of early recovery. The aim of this study was to assess recovery characteristics of propofol and sevoflurane for induction as well as maintenance of anaesthesia in short surgical procedures.

Sixty patients were assigned randomly into two groups. Group P patients were induced with 2mg/kg propofol intravenously followed by infusion of 12mg/kg/hr for 10mins, 10mg/kg/hr for 20 mins and 8mg/kg/hr till end of procedure. Group S patients were induced with 8% sevoflurane in 4L/min nitrous oxide and 2L/min oxygen mixture and maintained with 3.5% sevoflurane with spontaneous breathing. LMA was inserted in all patients. LMA insertion time and insertion attempt were observed. Time from end of procedure to first spontaneous movement, spontaneous eye opening, removal of LMA, followed verbal commands and became fully oriented to time and place, time to achieve Aldrete score ≥9 (phase I recovery) and time to achieve PADSS score ≥9(phase II recovery) were noted.

Phase 1 recovery time was less in sevoflurane group as compared to propofol group. Phase 2 recovery time was less in propofol group as compared to sevoflurane group. They were statistically significant. Incidence of both nausea and vomiting was significantly higher in the sevoflurane group.

We concluded that sevoflurane provides rapid induction with LMA insertion condition comparable with propofol. Sevoflurane provides early phase I recovery where as home readiness is early with propofol. Sevoflurane can be a suitable alternative to propofol for induction and maintenance.
Prevalence of carotid artery stenosis and perioperative stroke in neurologically asymptomatic patients undergoing off pump coronary artery bypass grafting in a tertiary care hospital: An observational study
Authors: Mukherjee Somalia , Sengupta Saikat , Khan Dibyendu , Pati Gautam
Published: August 2022

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of carotid artery stenosis, it’s severity and relation with peri-operative stroke in neurologically asymptomatic patients undergoing CABG for coronary artery disease (CAD) in a tertiary care hospital. It also evaluates the relationship of hemodynamic alterations with the prevalence of stroke. It is a cross sectional study with prospective observations.

97 neurologically asymptomatic patients with CAD in NYHA classification I, II and III scheduled for Off Pump CABG in our cardiac surgery operation theatre. Colour doppler ultrasound was performed in all patients prior to induction to determine the presence of carotid artery stenosis. Based on parameters measured in ultrasound, CAS was classified as per the Society of Radiologists criteria. Prevalence of carotid artery stenosis was assessed.

The prevalence of carotid artery stenosis in our study population was 40.2%. The risk factors associated with CAS in our study were BMI >25kg/m2, smoking, left main coronary artery involvement, left ventricular systolic dysfunction (EF<50%). However, risk of CAS was also increased in hypertensive patients and those of age more than 55 years.

This study suggested relatively wide prevalence (40.2%) of carotid artery disease in neurologically asymptomatic patients undergoing CABG for coronary artery disease in the elective setting. It demonstrated the importance of subjecting these patients to evaluation by doppler ultrasound of the carotid vessels in the operating room immediately before induction of anaesthesia and the subsequent planning of anaesthetic management as well as surgical approach.
Post-operative morbidity and mortality in patients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 undergoing surgery – A single centre retrospective case control study
Authors: Paranjape Saloni , Dahiya Sandeep , Valecha Umesh Kumar
Published: August 2022

The coronavirus pandemic continues to spike in various parts of the world. Anaesthesiologists face coronavirus positive patients for emergency and urgent procedures. Initial case series showed a high postoperative mortality for COVID-19 positive patients undergoing surgery. We aimed to find the postoperative morbidity and mortality in RTPCR positive patients undergoing urgent and emergency surgery.

We retrospectively analysed all COVID-19 RTPCR positive patients undergoing surgery between May 2020 and December 2020. Selected controls were matched for age sex and type of surgery.

We identified 27 patients who were COVID-19 positive prior to surgery. The average age was 43 years. 37% (10/27) of patients were males. All surgeries were either emergencies or urgent procedures. 40% of the surgeries were exploratory laparotomies, 37% were caesareans, 11% were abscess drainages, 7.4% were trauma surgeries and 3.7% were bladder clot evacuations. 48% patients received spinal anaesthesia, 51.9% patients received general anaesthesia. This was matched in the control group as well. 30 day mortality was 7.4% in COVID-19 patients compared to 3.7% in controls. The length of ICU stay and hospital stay was significantly longer in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. The median age of survivors was 34 years compared to 86 years in non-survivors (p=0.023).

30-day mortality was not significantly higher in COVID-19 positive patients undergoing surgery though they did have significantly longer ICU stay and duration of hospitalisation.
Comparative study between ketamine versus betamethasone gargles in attenuating post-operative sore throat after endotracheal intubation
Authors: Wetal Veena , Jamkar Maya
Published: August 2022

: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a commonly encountered side effect which causes patient discomfort after airway instrumentation during general anesthesia (GA). This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of preop­erative gargling with Ketamine, a NMDA receptor an­tagonist and Betamethasone gargles, a steroidal anti inflammatory drug in reducing POST in patients being intubated for surgery under GA.

This was a randomized, single blinded, prospective study conducted after obtaining the Institutional Ethics Committee approval. 90 patients undergoing surgery under GA with endotracheal intubation were enrolled in the study after obtaining written informed consent from all. They were further divided into 3 groups; group B, group K and group C who received Betamethasone gargles, Ketamine gargles and Dextrose Saline gargles respectively, 5 minutes before GA.

Results obtained were compared statistically by using Kruskal-Wallis test, which showed significant difference between median POST grading. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for the statistical intergroup analysis. There was no statistical difference among groups as far as age, height, weight by using ANOVA test; p value > 0.05. Age of patients varied between 16-60 years in three groups. The severity of sore throat were noticeably reduced after Ketamine, Betamethasone gargles in group K and group B (p < 0.05) as compared to group C when statistically analysed by Mann-Whitney U test. But Betamethasone gargles in group B patients more efficiently reduced the incidence, severity of sore throat compared to Ketamine gargles (p<0.05) during postoperative period.

The incidence & severity of POST decreased with use of pre-operative Ketamine gargles or Betamethasone gargles during post-operative period in patients with tracheal intubation. The Betamethasone gargles were more effective than Ketamine gargles in reducing the incidence, severity of POST.
Point-of-care lung ultrasound: A useful diagnostic tool in the management of COVID-19
Authors: Bharti Neerja , Kumar Amit , Singla Karan
Published: August 2022

Patients with COVID-19 disease frequently present with severe respiratory distress and hypoxia in emergency department. Point-of-care lung ultrasound has proven its efficacy in the diagnosis and management of various clinical conditions including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary oedema. Incorporating bedside lung ultrasound as an imaging tool for the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 pneumonia can help in quick assessment of the severity of lung damage and to track the evolution of disease during follow-up. Serial lung ultrasounds may be particularly useful in assessing the clinical response to the respiratory interventions and guiding the appropriate medical therapy.
Ankylosing spondylitis: what all should anaesthesiologist know?
Authors: Lakhotia Rajiv , Longani Somnath , Gupta Rakhi
Published: August 2022

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) may present significant issues to the anaesthesiologist as potential difficult airway, respiratory and cardiovascular complications, and the concomitant medication therapy to modify symptoms and disease. Awake fibreoptic intubation (AFOI) is a safe option in anticipated difficult airway, as it permits neurological monitoring throughout the attempt at achieving definitive airway. Central neuraxial blockade and peripheral nerve blocks may have good application for these cases. This morbidity renders the patients to greater risk of neurological complications in the peri-surgical period. Neurophysiological monitoring assists the clinician in timely diagnosis and intervention during surgery for cervical spine deformity correction. Addition of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α agents to the medical management has resulted in improved outcomes, however, with concomitant increased potential for wound infections in treated patients. Understanding of potential issues can pave the way for appropriate perioperative management.
Precariedades del exceso: Información y comunicación en salud colectiva
Authors: Castiel Luis David , Vasconcellos-Silva Paulo Roberto
Published: August 2022

Este mundo hipercomunicativo presenta ambivalencias que pueden manifestarse en la coexistencia de dimensiones tecnológicas innovadoras, con facetas ideológicas conservadoras, cuyos efectos implican tanto el aumento asombroso en el acceso a informaciones, con innegables resultados, como también —al no disponer de mecanismos satisfactorios que aseguren la correspondiente consistencia— amplían aterradoramente la posibilidad de manipulaciones, seducciones, fatalidades. El conjunto de textos reunidos en este libro asume una perspectiva eminentemente crítica al enfocar determinados ángulos de las transformaciones proporcionadas por las TIC en el campo de la salud colectiva. Es necesario enfatizar que esta postura no significa, de forma alguna, rechazar de modo miope, las diversas ventajas propiciadas por ellas. Pero sí señalar la necesidad de mayor reflexión y desarrollo de eventuales correcciones de ruta en el recorrido de este trayecto, en el cual la velocidad de los cambios es cada vez mayor y con considerables márgenes de imprevisibilidad. Queramos o no, es necesario estar atentos a posibles daños de las manifestaciones de descontrol de las técnicas en el ámbito de la salud colectiva. Al final de cuentas, este tipo de atención forma parte de nuestras valiosas tradiciones.
Legal and Economic Perspective of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 in India: An Overview
Authors: Didwal Dr. Aditi , Negi Dr. Rachita
Published: August 2022

The industrial revolution in the international trade and commerce has brought a boom in the corporate sector, which results in a diversity of consumer goods to achieve the needs of the consumers and a mass of services have been made accessible to the consumers. But this industrial revolution had some disadvantages to the customer as it affected the business sovereignty. After independence, many   laws were enacted   in India for   safeguarding innocent customers   from unfair   and restrictive   trade practices   sort of   a false and   dishonourable description   regarding the character and quality of the goods. The year of 1986 witnessed, in the history of consumerism, the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act. The first ever legislation in India of its kind which solely aimed at the suffering taken consumers who are the victims of the unfair trade practices and sub-standard services rendered to them. The Objective of the Consumer Protection Act is to provide simple and speedy disposal to the cases by providing quasi-judicial machinery for the redressal of consumer disputes. After the restructuring of new Act, more consumer rights have been provided under clause (9) of section 2 of the consumer Protection Act, 2019. With the advancement of technology, it is obvious that electronic media has an important place in business world. The provision of e- commerce has also been inserted in the Act after reframing the Consumer protection act. The new Act provides for separate provisions for each thing and is well framed Act that makes it more proper. The new chapters that have been added to this act, work as a proper criterion for deciding the offences and penalties. The increase in the fiscal value along with the time needed a rise in the value of fine too. The new Act proposes effective measures and tightens the existing rules to further safeguard consumer rights. Introduction of a central regulator, strict penalties for misleading advertisements and guidelines for e-commerce and electronic service providers are some of the key highlights.
Perspectives of Double Feeding of the Melt Method on the Example of the Analysis of the InAs(1-x)–GaAs(x) Solid Solution Crystals Growth
Authors: Zahrabayova Zaura , Kazimova Vusala , Islamzade Elnara , Alekperov Akper
Published: August 2022

Using the example of  InAs-GaAs system, the potential of double feeding of the melt method for growing single crystals of semiconductor solid solutions is shown. The concentration profiles of InAs-GaAs solid solutions crystals for certain modes of the considered method are calculated in Pfann approximation. In addition, under the same conditions, InAs-GaAs crystals were grown and their concentration profiles were determined. The results obtained give good agreement between the experimental and calculated data. It is shown that mathematical modeling of InAs-GaAs crystals growth by setting the crystallization and melt-feeding rates with constituent components makes it possible to obtain the required distribution of the main components in the direction of crystal growth, including uniform distribution, in the entire series of continuous InAs-GaAs solid solutions. The double feeding of the melt method is shown to be promising for obtaining single crystals of semiconductor solid solutions with a given concentration profile.
Fine Arts Students’ Needs Analysis in the Learning of English as a Foreign Language: a Case Study
Authors: Disashi Richard Ntumba
Published: August 2022

It has been shown that needs analysis is important while dealing with ESP in the teaching / learning process. This study wanted to find out and analyze the real needs of students for the sake of improving ELT at the Académie des Beaux-Arts / Kinshasa.  Thanks to the qualitative research, this study has been concentrated on the analysis of learners’ needs in the learning of English as foreign language. One hundred students of G1, G2 and G3 of plastic arts and the two instructors of the English language at the Académie des Beaux-Arts have been questionned through interviews, and also documentary sources helped to collect data. It is necessary to tackle the learners’ needs analysis in order to establish and integrate learners’ expectations on the proposal of a new content of English related to their field. The findings have shown that the majority of learners wished that visual and handling materials focused on their daily expectations such as drawings, pictures, sketches, artistic tools, conversations related to arts domain, might be incorporated in the content of their course.
Le degré de la maîtrise de l’orthographe d’usage des finalistes du secondaire de la Ville de Mbujimayi (2019-2020).
Authors: KALVA MWENE-MUBAMBI Simon Pierre
Published: August 2022

In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the French language remains an official language and the vehicle of teaching at both high school and tertiary education. A great dead of reseachers have drawn a conclusion in their investigations that the learners have difficulties writing the French language even at higher level of the inside educational system. They don’t have the mastery of neither standard spelling nor grammatical spelling.This study is a initical analysis that assesses the high school finalists’ performances and determines their level of the standard spelling of the French language. The latter has but a less effective percent of 56%.
A Causal Analysis on Foreign Trade and Economic Growth: The Case of Somalia
Authors: Hassan Sadak Mohamud
Published: August 2022

The relationship between foreign trade and economic growth is one of the most important research areas in the literature. Because the direction and importance of this relationship can vary from country to country and from time to time. In this study, the causal relationship between Somalia's gross domestic product (GDP), exports and imports for the period 2008-2021 was investigated. Data were obtained from the World Bank database and the website of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.  For this purpose, whether the series used in the study are stationary or not was investigated by the ADF test and it was determined that all series were integrated at the first level. Johansen Co-integration Analysis was carried out to test the existence of a long-term relationship between the series due to the same level of integration of the series. Here, according to the results of both the trace statistics and the maximum eigenvalue statistics, it is concluded that there is no cointegration vector and it is decided that there is no cointegration relationship between the series. This means that the economy is still not largely dependent on the country's domestic production, but depends on other factors such as remittances by Somalis living abroad and financial support from the international community, including budget subsidies, development projects and money spent on refugee problems.

Keywords: Imports, Exports, Economic Growth, Causality, Var model.
Modeling and assessing of sustainable supply chain finance:A case study of practioners and academician in Malawian
Authors: Kishombe Nellie , Malin Ma Lin
Published: August 2022

All over the world, the concept of Supply Chain Finance has emerged through the globalization of trade. The common sense within a supply chain is that suppliers are trying to receive their payments as early as possible while buyers are increasing their payment terms. SCF attempts to cope with this problem and creates opportunities for all parties creating a ‘win–win’ situation for both buyer and supplier by giving the buyer the opportunity to extend payment terms and pay the supplier in advance. This process allows all parties to free up operating working capital and provide financing in favor of the supplier. With the development of Supply Chain Management, two approaches gained the most recognition; Working Capital Management and Supply Chain Finance. Both are considered drivers for a financially stable supply chain. A Supply Chain. This thesis aims to provide a single definition by reviewing the theory of Supply Chain Finance and provide the reader with an implementation checklist and its benefits of it. The theory will then be backed up by expert interviews.