bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of ESG Criteria on Firm Value: A Strategic Analysis of the Airline Industry
Authors: Yildiz Ferah , Dayi Faruk , Yucel Mustafa , Cilesiz Ali
Published: September 2024

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors are crucial in evaluating a company’s value. High ESG scores reflect ethical practices, social responsibility, and effective governance. This paper examines the impact of ESG criteria on firm value within the airline industry, focusing on their influence on operational efficiency, risk reduction, and financial performance. Using panel data analysis, the study evaluates ESG scores from 32 airline companies over the period of 2018–2023, with an explanatory power of 36.5%. The research explores how integrating environmental, social, and governance factors into strategic management can foster sustainable competitive advantage. It focuses on utilizing internal resources, meeting the needs of various interested parties, and balancing financial, social, and environmental performance. The findings indicate that while ESG practices enhance firm value through improved efficiency and risk management, they do not always lead to higher short-term firm value. Moreover, the study underscores the significance of governance in the airline industry, where robust governance structures can mitigate risks but may also increase costs. This research contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence of the link between ESG performance and firm value in the airline industry, emphasizing the importance of integrating ESG principles into strategic management for long-term sustainability and financial success.
Retain in the City, Return Flow, or Blind Direction: A Study on the Differentiation Mechanism of Migrant Workers’ Migration Willingness under the Background of China’s Strategy for Integrated Urban–Rural Development
Authors: Sun Jian , Chen Shuting , Tian Ming
Published: September 2024

Against the backdrop of urban–rural integration development in China, the government has further strengthened its support for rural migrant workers’ urban employment and entrepreneurship, as well as their urbanization. Nevertheless, influenced by the current urban–rural development environment and public policies, a portion of rural migrant workers have evolved into two distinct groups: those with clear intentions to settle in cities or return to their hometowns and those trapped in a “neither-nor” situation, who are unable to fully integrate into urban life or seamlessly return to the countryside. This study, based on field investigations conducted in 21 cities across seven major geographical regions in China, reveals a ternary differentiation in migration intentions among rural migrant workers: “Retain in the cities”, “Return flow”, and “Blind direction”. In advancing the urban–rural integration strategy, the “clearly-oriented” groups, choosing to stay or return, can serve as dynamic forces in reconciling resources between urban and rural areas, thereby fostering closer urban–rural ties. Conversely, the “aimless wandering” group, characterized by stagnation, confusion, frequent mobility, and recurrent unemployment, poses numerous negative impacts on urban–rural interaction and coordination, hindering the in-depth integration of urban and rural areas to some extent. Drawing upon the internationally recognized Push-Pull Theory and Social Integration Theory within the field of population migration, this study conducts an empirical analysis of large-scale sample data to explore the characteristic factors and formation mechanisms underlying the “staying”, “returning”, and “blind direction” intentions, with a particular focus on the internal dynamics shaping and evolving the “aimless wandering” group. Finally, grounded in the empirical findings, this study advocates a collaborative approach between the Chinese government and various sectors of society to address the issue by promoting employment guidance, enhancing security measures, and other initiatives that encourage rural migrant workers to either stay in cities or return to their hometowns. It aims to provide policy recommendations for a definitive resolution of the rural migrant worker issue during the crucial period of urban–rural integration development.
The Impact of ESG Rating Events on Corporate Green Technology Innovation under Sustainable Development: Perspectives Based on Informal Environmental Regulation of Social Systems
Authors: Yuan Haoqiang , Luan Haiyan , Wang Xi
Published: September 2024

Corporate green technology innovation is an important driver to promote the green transformation of the manufacturing industry 4.0 and an important engine to achieve China’s carbon peak, carbon neutrality, and high-quality economic development. Based on the theory of informal environmental regulation of social systems, this study empirically analyzes the impact of ESG rating events on corporate green technology innovation by constructing a multi-period DID model using panel data of Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2022 as the research sample. The findings suggest that ESG rating events and ESG scores can stimulate corporate green technology innovation. ESG rating uncertainty can inhibit corporate green technology innovation. The mediation effect analysis shows that ESG rating events can stimulate firms’ green technology innovation by reducing financing constraints, increasing the degree of corporate internal control, and increasing R&D investment. In addition, heterogeneity analyses indicate that ESG rating events have a better stimulating effect on the quantity of innovation of non-state-owned enterprises than state-owned enterprises, while the stimulating effect on the quality of innovation of non-state-owned enterprises is inferior to that of state-owned enterprises. Moreover, the innovation stimulation effect of ESG rating events shows a trend of east-high and west-low in geographical distribution. Therefore, the government should accelerate the construction of the ESG rating system, promote the degree of convergence with international standards, and improve the level of enterprises’ utilization of digital technology while paying attention to informal environmental regulation.
Offshore Hydrogen Infrastructure: Insights from CFD Simulations of Wave–Cylinder Interactions at Various Cross-Sections
Authors: Mohseni Mohammad , Yazdi Mohammad
Published: September 2024

CFD-based numerical wave tank models are valuable tools for analyzing the nonlinear interaction between waves and structures. This paper aims to examine the deformation of high-order free surfaces near a vertical, surface-piercing fixed cylinder with various cross-sections under regular head waves, assuming no wave breaking. Additionally, the study investigates the effects of wavelength on wave evolution, nonlinear wave amplification, and the harmonics around the cylinder. The numerical analysis is performed using the CFD toolbox OpenFOAM. The comparison of numerical results for different cross-sections reveals the influence of corner ratio on lateral edge waves and highlights its significant impact on the nonlinear wave field around the cylinder, particularly for short incident waves. The numerical results indicate the important contribution of the cross-section shape together with the corner effect on the lateral edge waves and accordingly the nonlinear wave field surrounding the given column, which involves high harmonics wave amplification up to fourth. The reduction in corner ratio results in a reduction in maximum run-up height from 2.57 to 2.2 in short waves, while for the long waves, it is from 1.61 to 1.45. This research not only enhances our understanding of fluid–structure interactions but also has implications for the design and safety of hydrogen storage and transportation systems. Understanding dynamic pressures and structural responses is crucial for these applications. CFD simulations of wave–cylinder interactions are essential for designing and optimizing offshore hydrogen infrastructure. These simulations model how waves interact with cylindrical structures, such as wind turbine foundations, hydrogen production platforms, and storage tanks. Understanding these interactions is vital for ensuring the structural integrity, efficiency, and sustainability of offshore hydrogen facilities.
Cannabis Use and Cannabidiol Modulate HIV-Induced Alterations in TREM2 Expression: Implications for Age-Related Neuropathogenesis
Authors: Avalos Bryant , Kulbe Jacqueline R. , Ford Mary K. , Laird Anna Elizabeth , Walter Kyle , Mante Michael , Florio Jazmin B. , Boustani Ali , Chaillon Antoine , Schlachetzki Johannes C. M. , Sundermann Erin E. , Volsky David J. , Rissman Robert A. , Ellis Ronald J. , Letendre Scott L. , Iudicello Jennifer , Fields Jerel Adam
Published: September 2024

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is involved in neuroinflammation and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI). People with HIV (PWH) using cannabis exhibit lower inflammation and neurological disorders. We hypothesized that TREM2 dysfunction mediates HIV neuropathogenesis and can be reversed by cannabinoids. EcoHIV-infected wildtype (WT) and TREM2R47H mutant mice were used to study HIV’s impact on TREM2 and behavior. TREM2 and related gene expressions were examined in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from PWH (n = 42) and people without HIV (PWoH; n = 19) with varying cannabis use via RNA sequencing and qPCR. Differences in membrane-bound and soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) were evaluated using immunocytochemistry (ICC) and ELISA. EcoHIV increased immature and C-terminal fragment forms of TREM2 in WT mice but not in TREM2R47H mice, with increased IBA1 protein in TREM2R47H hippocampi, correlating with worse memory test performance. TREM2 mRNA levels increased with age in PWoH but not in PWH. Cannabidiol (CBD) treatment increased TREM2 mRNA alone and with IL1β. RNA-seq showed the upregulation of TREM2-related transcripts in cannabis-using PWH compared to naïve controls. IL1β increased sTREM2 and reduced membrane-bound TREM2, effects partially reversed by CBD. These findings suggest HIV affects TREM2 expression modulated by cannabis and CBD, offering insights for therapeutic strategies.
Water Resources Management for Multi-Source Ecological Restoration Goals in an Oasis: A Case Study of Bohu County Irrigation Area in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Guo Chenyu , Liu Tie , Niu Yaxuan , Pan Xiaohui
Published: September 2024

Oases in arid regions consist of river–lake–groundwater systems characterized by complex hydrological cycles and fragile ecosystems. Sustainable water resource management, aimed at multi-source ecological restoration, is crucial for oasis ecological protection and represents a current research challenge. This study focuses on the Bohu irrigation area, using ecological water levels, the MIKE-SHE hydrological model, and the water balance equation to propose a multi-objective groundwater and surface water regulation scheme that meets both the ecological safety requirements of the irrigation area and the ecological water demands of the Small Lake. Key findings include the following: (1) The regional ecological water level ranges from 1.69 m to 4 m, with about 74% of the area exceeding this range, threatening local ecology. (2) The proposed regulation method adjusts 91.25% of areas exceeding the ecological water level to within the acceptable range. (3) Under various planting scenarios, the minimum water distribution from the west branch of the BLSM water diversion hub should be 824.632 × 106 m3/a to meet Small Lake ecological demands. When this volume exceeds 831.902 × 106 m3/a, both groundwater regulation and Small Lake ecological demands are satisfied. This paper quantifies the water cycle mechanisms in complex hydrological interaction areas, providing specific solutions to regional ecological problems, which holds significant practical relevance.
Exploring the Effects of Fissures on Hydraulic Parameters in Subsurface Flows from the Perspective of Energy Changes
Authors: Tao Yu , Peng Siwen , Chen Jiazhou , Long Shiping , Liao Bin
Published: September 2024

Reynolds number (Re), pore water pressure (P), and water flow shear force (τ) are primary indicators reflecting the characteristics of subsurface flow. Exploring the calculation of these parameters will facilitate the understanding of the hydrodynamic characteristics in different subsurface flows and quantify their differences. Hence, we conducted a study to monitor soil water content, matrix potential, and pore water pressure in two typical soil profiles (with and without fissures). The distribution of Re, P, and τ in both matrix flow (MF) and preferential flow (PF) were calculated with an improved calculation method, focusing on their energy changes. Results showed that these hydrologic parameters are quite different between MF and PF. Re values in MF remained below 0.1, indicating lower water flow velocities, while the Re values ranged from 0.8 to 2 in PF, indicating higher flow velocities. The P values in PF was tens to hundreds of times higher than that in MF, which is mainly due to the rapid accumulation and leakage of water within soil fissures. Additionally, the larger hydraulic radius and gradient in PF also resulted in higher τ values in PF (2~6 N m−2) than in MF (0~1.5 N m−2). In PF, the pressure potential was the significant factor for τ, while τ in MF was dominated by the matrix potential and varies with the magnitude of the matrix potential gradient. This study suggests that Re, P, and τ could be considered as the major indexes to reflect dynamic characteristics of subsurface flow.
Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Capparis ovata Methanolic Extracts
Authors: Bayezit Murat , Soyuçok Ali , Yalçın Halil , Kart Asım
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to investigate antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activities of methanol extract of Capparis ovata against some bacteria (Gram positive, Gram negative) and Candida tropicalis. Liquid microdilution method and microplate method were used for the evaluation of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, respectively. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values for C. ovata extract were 8 mg/ml against Bacillus cereus, 16 mg/ml against Enterococcus faecalis, and C. tropicalis, 32 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli 43895, Listeria monocytogenes strains, and L. inocua, and 64 mg/ml against E. coli 35150, and Salmonella Typhimurium. Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were 16 mg/ml (B. cereus), 64 mg/ml (S. aureus strains except 13552, E. faecalis, C. tropicalis), 128 mg/ml (E. coli 43895 and 35150, L. monocytogenes strains, L. inocua, S. Typhimurium, S. aureus 13552, S. epidermidis). Biofilm formation inhibited by Capparis ovata extract were found as follows (in mg/ml): 8 (S. aureus strains except 13552, S. epidermidis, B. cereus, C. tropicalis; 16 (L. inocua, E. faecalis, 32 (E. coli 43895, L. monocytogenes strains, S. aureus 13552) and 64 (E. coli 35150, S. Typhimurium). C. ovata extract was found to have antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities on the tested pathogenic microorganisms. Due to these properties of C. ovata extract, it can be considered as a plant-based antimicrobial agent to be used in the food industry since the microorganisms we tested pose a problem in foods.
Roteiro teórico-prático para a construção de cenários clínicos simulados e instrumento de avaliação de cenários simulados: relato de experiência
Authors: Souza Raissa Silva , Dias Ana Angélica Lima , Eduardo Aline Helena Appoloni , Figueiredo Rosely Moralez de , Lanza Fernanda Moura , Amendoeira José Joaquim Penedos
Published: September 2024

Introdução: O potencial da experiência de aprendizagem baseada na simulação para o desenvolvimento e/ou para o aprimoramento de competências clínicas é bem documentado na literatura. No entanto, para o alcance dos objetivos pedagógicos da simulação é crucial o planejamento e a elaboração de cenários pautados em preceitos teórico-metodológicos e em evidências científicas. Objetivo: Descrever a experiência dos autores com o processo de revisão e de atualização de dois instrumentos, quais sejam, um roteiro teórico-prático para a construção de cenários clínicos simulados e um instrumento de validação de cenários simulados. Relato de Experiência: Os instrumentos foram revisados à luz de referências sobre a elaboração de cenários e de centralidade de cuidado à pessoa, de modo que possibilitem a elaboração de cenários que incluam as melhores práticas para o ensino baseado na simulação, que sejam empregados por pessoas com pouca familiaridade com a estratégia pedagógica, além de auxiliar na elaboração de cenários, nos quais a pessoa é o centro dos cuidados e da abordagem profissional. Discussão: A publicação de instrumentos, como os que ora se apresentam, vem ao encontro da busca pela transferência de evidências científicas para as práticas cuidativas, pelo fortalecimento e pela qualificação do ensino e da assistência em saúde. Conclusão: A divulgação desses materiais pode auxiliar na acessibilidade e na aplicabilidade da simulação em distintos programas de formação de profissionais de saúde no país.
Formação docente e interdisciplinaridade: reflexões sobre um caminho humanizante para a educação
Authors: Oliveira Diego Alexandre Divardim de , Nunes Ana Luiza Ruschel
Published: September 2024

Este artigo aborda a discrepância entre o dinamismo da sociedade contemporânea e o modelo educacional tradicional, que ainda é fragmentado, descontextualizado e desatualizado. Embora a sociedade e a tecnologia evoluam rapidamente, a escola continua dividida em disciplinas que frequentemente não se comunicam entre si nem com a vida dos alunos. A educação, para ser significativa e eficaz, deve integrar as disciplinas e conectar o conhecimento à realidade dos estudantes. Paulo Freire e Rubem Alves destacam que o sistema tradicional limita a capacidade crítica e o potencial dos alunos. A interdisciplinaridade surge como uma alternativa para superar essa fragmentação, neste sentido buscou-se trazer a esta discussão pesquisadores que publicaram na Revista Interdisciplinaridade, liderada pela professora pesquisadora Drª Ivani Catarina Arantes Fazenda, entre os anos de 2015 e 2018. Este artigo destaca que a educação seja mais integrada e contextualizada, refletindo as complexidades do mundo real e promovendo uma formação mais holística e crítica do ser humano. Os enfoques discutidos incluem a necessidade de reformulação da formação docente para incorporar práticas interdisciplinares e a importância do diálogo entre teoria e prática. A falta de recursos, infraestrutura e resistência ao modelo tradicional são desafios identificados. O artigo conclui que para melhorar a educação, é essencial que os professores estejam em constante formação, necessidade de se promover formações contínuas aos professores e repensar a estrutura curricular, buscando uma abordagem mais integrada e colaborativa. Os educadores devem assumir um papel proativo e político na transformação educacional.
The impact of COVID-19 on Australian plastic and reconstructive surgery trainees: a survey study
Authors: Cockburn James , Betar Noah , Manoharan Bavahuna
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the training of plastic and reconstructive surgeons and the wellbeing of surgical trainees internationally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Australian plastic and reconstructive surgery trainees. Method: A web-based self-administered survey was distributed by the Australian Society of Plastic Surgeons to all Australian plastic and reconstructive surgery registrars in October 2021. A questionnaire developed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on plastic and reconstructive surgery trainees in the United States of America was adapted for the Australian context. Subgroup analysis evaluated differences in responses between early and late Surgical Education and Training trainees and between Australian states. ​Results: Of 103 Australian plastic and reconstructive surgery trainees invited to participate, 24 responded (23%). Of these, 52 per cent were in their first two years of training. Total working hours were reduced for 61 per cent of respondents, 54 per cent reported less direct operative supervision, and 75 per cent reported missing out on critical operative learning experiences due to elective operating changes. Overall impact on trainee education was reported to be negative by 71 per cent of respondents. Self-assessed overall wellbeing was negatively impacted in 92 per cent of respondents: all reported feeling isolated from colleagues and 67 per cent reported burnout due to changes during the pandemic. Positive innovation in plastic and reconstructive surgery unit management was reported by 29 per cent of respondents. There were no statistically significant differences in responses between early and late Surgical Education and Training trainees. There were some differences identified in senior supervision and frequency of organised teaching between states. Conclusion: Australian plastic and reconstructive surgery trainees in our cohort reported that the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on their clinical training opportunities, formal education and wellbeing. These findings should be considered in planning for future periods of significant disruption to try to mitigate the negative impacts on trainees.
Enhancement of biogas production by means of ultrasonic pre-treatment: state of art and review
Authors: Kıdak Rana
Published: September 2024

Currently, fossil fuels are being used in an aberrant manner and greenhouse gases are negatively impacting the environment, causing research into renewable energy sources to be pioneered. As highlighted during the COP conferences, the international community is striving to expedite worldwide climate action by reducing emissions, intensifying adaptation initiatives, and increasing the availability of suitable financial resources. Production of biogas is a way to help overcome these challenges by reducing wastage and preventing environmental damage. The anaerobic digestion technique faces some barriers like elongated reaction times, cost of heating or low biogas yields. Several techniques have been used to enhance the biogas yield. Among these techniques the use of ultrasound technology as a pretreatment in biogas production revolutionized the process with its widespread application, providing an environmentally friendly and low-cost alternative. This paper reviews several research studies on ultrasonic pretreatment of several substrates categorized according to different sources, for biogas production and puts an effort to compare and advise various operation parameters.
Pediatrik Dışkı Örneklerinde Saptanan Etkenler ve Bu Hastalarda Metronidazol Kullanımının İncelenmesi
Authors: Yakut Salim , Yıldız Zeyrek Fadile , Doğan Selda , Albayrak Hatice
Published: September 2024

Amaç: Akut enfeksiyöz enterit, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde çocuklar arasında en yaygın ölüm nedenlerinden biridir. Gelişmiş ülkelerde çocukluk çağı akut gastroenteritlerin %75 ile %90'ına virüsler, yaklaşık %20'si bakterilerden kaynaklanmaktadır. En az 14 gün süren ishal daha çok parazitlere bağlı enfeksiyonlardan kaynaklanır ve akut gastroenterit vakalarının %5'inden azını oluşturur. Bir nitroimidazol olan metronidazol, Clostridium difficile'ye bağlı kolit, anaerobik bakteriler, protozoanlar (Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trichomonas vaginalis gibi) ve mikroaerofiller (Helicobacter pylori gibi) ile sınırlıdır. Metronidazolün, enteritli hastalarda mikrobiyolojik tanıya dayalı olmadan kullanılması bakterilerde antibiyotik direnç artışına, gereksiz maliyet, advers olaylar ve bağırsak disbiyozisine neden olabilmektedir.

Materyal ve Metod: Hastanemizde 2020 ve 2021 yıllarında 18 yaş altı hastalara ait incelenen tüm dışkı örneklerinin FilmArray GI Panel (Biomerioux, Fransa), dışkıda direk mikroskobi, hızlı antijen testleri (Rotavirüs, Adenovirüs, G. intestinalis, Cryptosporidium spp, C. difficile toksin A/B (CerTest Biotech, İspanya)), E. histolytica microELİSA (Adhesin Ag, Entamoeba CELISA Path, Avustralya) sonuçları ve dışkı kültürleri retrospektif olarak tarandı. Hastaların metronidazol kullanım durumu Hastane Bilgi Yönetim Sisteminden elde edildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmamızda kullanılan tanı yöntemleriyle iki yıllık süre boyunca 2282 hastanın dışkı örnekleri değerlendirildi ve 663 (%29) hastada 782 etken tespit edildi. En sık saptanan etken %11.6 oranıyla Rotavirüs idi. Tek etken saptanan 564 (%24.7) hasta, iki etken saptanan 77 (%3.3) hasta ve üç etken saptanan 22 (%0.9) hasta vardı. Çalışmamızda 124 hastada metronidazol kullanıldı ancak 47’sinde metronidazol kullanım endikasyonu gerektiren etken tespit edilemedi.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak gastroenterite neden olan etkenlerin uygun tanı yöntemleriyle saptanması, hastaların uygun tedavi almasına, gereksiz antibiyotik kullanımının ve antibiyotik direncinin önlenmesine katkıda bulunacaktır.
Compliance of the Jordanian Population with the Protective Measures during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic; A Nation-Wide Survey
Authors: Ghaith Abrar , Bairmani Zinah Aqeel , Masoud Muhammad Yasser , Alfroukh Khadeejeh M. A. , Ali Hossam Tharwat
Published: September 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has spread globally, with over 695 million confirmed cases and 6.9 million deaths as of September 2023. Compliance with protective measures is considered essential to combat the pandemic.
Objectives: To assess the adherence of the Jordanian population to preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey specifically focused on the habits and practices of Jordanians during the pandemic, as mentioned in the introductory sentence of the Google Forms questionnaire.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population in Jordan aged 18 and above using an online questionnaire distributed from March to July 2022. The questionnaire was divided into two sections: demographic characteristics and practice-related questions. Data were collected using Google Forms and analyzed using R Statistical Software.
Results: Most of the 409 participants were under 30 years old (65.5%), female (70%), and held a college diploma or higher degree (80%). Around 57% had been infected with COVID-19 at least once, while 60% had a relative, friend, or colleague who died due to COVID-19. More than half of the participants (54%) demonstrated favorable practices. The multivariate analysis revealed that a previous COVID-19 infection significantly increased the odds of having favorable practices (OR=2.44; CI[1.59-3.77]; p<0.001).
Conclusion: This study evaluated how Jordanians adhered to COVID-19 preventive measures during the pandemic. It was found that roughly half of the population effectively followed precautions such as using masks and hand sanitizers, although adherence to a balanced diet was less frequent. The likelihood of taking precautions increased after having had COVID-19. The study also reported high vaccine acceptance rates. These findings underscore the importance of public adherence to preventive measures, especially in areas like nutrition, and provide insights for future pandemic responses.
Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Chiliadenus montanus (Vhal.) Brullo. grown in vitro
Authors: Abu-Darwish Doaa , Shibli Rida , Al-Abdallat Ayed M.
Published: September 2024

This study explores the in vitro cultivation of Chiliadenus montanus (Vhal.) Brullo (Asteraceae), focusing on callus multiplication, in vitro seed germination, phenolic compound production, and antioxidant activity. Callus induction was optimized, followed by multiplication using Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 1.0 mg·L⁻¹ 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2.0 mg·L⁻¹ 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The highest in vitro germination rate of C. montanus seeds (11.6 ± 2.22%) was achieved using half-strength MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg·L⁻¹ gibberellic acid (GA₃) and 1.0 mg·L⁻¹ BAP. Methanol extracts from wild and in vitro samples were analyzed for Terpinen-4-ol, Eucalyptol (1,8-Cineole), and total phenolic content. In vitro microshoots exhibited an elevated Terpinen-4-ol concentration (0.01 ± 0.003 mg/g) compared to wild plants, while the concentrations of Eucalyptol (0.06 ± 0.001 mg/g) were similar in both microshoots and wild plants. Phenolic compound analysis revealed maximum levels in wild plants (30.67 ± 2.82 gallic acid equivalents [GAE]), followed by microshoots (22.81 ± 0.65 GAE), and the lowest in callus (6.37 ± 0.27 GAE). Antioxidant properties, evaluated via the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, indicated superior radical scavenging in wild plants (Inhibitory Concentration 50 [IC₅₀] 32.13 ± 0.83 μg/ml) compared to greenhouse plants (IC₅₀ 221.04 ± 1.34 μg/ml). C. montanus emerges as a potential natural antioxidant source. In conclusion, an effective in vitro production system for phenolic compounds in C. montanus was established, offering a sustainable alternative to wild plant harvesting. The study highlights the potential benefits of C. montanus as a reservoir of bioactive substances and emphasizes the importance of in vitro cultivation for sustainable resource utilization.
Chemical Composition of Essential Oils Total Phenols and Antioxidant Activity of Achillea fragrantissima and A. santolina Grown in Syria
Authors: Alkhatib Rasha
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the active components in the essential oils and determine the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of flowers of Achillea fragrantissima and A. santolina collected from Al-Kalamoon (Damascus countryside, Syria). Flower oils were extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three extracts were prepared using distilled water, methanol, and chloroform. Total phenol content and antioxidant activity were determined for the essential oils as well as for the aqueous, methanolic, and chloroformic extracts. The results revealed the presence of 20 components in the essential oil of A. fragrantissima. The major compounds identified were beta-thujone (39.63%), santolina alcohol (15.54%), artemisia ketone (15%), and alpha-thujone (10.58%). Sixteen components were identified in the essential oil of A. santolina, with the primary compounds being camphor (49.13%), eucalyptol (17.13%), and terpine-4-ol (8.29%).
The essential oil and aqueous, methanolic, and chloroformic extracts of A. santolina contained 414.2, 1388.4, 2084.2, and 965.7 mg of TAE/g of dry extract, respectively. In interaction with 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the IC50 values were 105, 120, and 110 µg/L for the aqueous, methanolic, and chloroformic extracts of A. fragrantissima, respectively, and 720 and 320 µg/L for the aqueous and methanolic extracts of A. santolina, respectively. The essential oils of A. fragrantissima and A. santolina, as well as the chloroformic extract of A. santolina, did not show antioxidant activity. The study demonstrated that the aqueous and methanolic extracts of A. fragrantissima exhibit good free radical scavenging activity.
Violencia institucional en atención por casos de violencia de género en Comisarías de Familia de Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Sosa Tatiana
Published: September 2024

This research aimed to analyze the acts of institutional violence and violation experienced by women when reporting gender violence at Family Police Stations in the city of Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia. The study was qualitative, supported by a narrative design of topics, and the technique for gathering information was the interview with a guide of semi-structured questions. The sources were selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling, totaling 25 women who reported gender-based violence. The results are presented according to the phases of comprehensive care that are developed in these offices, allowing us to find that there are behaviors of revictimization, omission, and coercive action in the description of the criminal acts and throughout the entire care cycle by the officials. There is objectification of a symbolic nature in the face of acts of violence that chronify the sequelae of the traumatic experience of the violating act, negligence due to biased administrative actions concerning the victim's risk profile, and consensus on taking protective measures and undue diligence due to the bureaucratic network and interdisciplinary action. It is concluded that this violation is generated due to bureaucratic aspects that limit due process, lack of complementary training, and qualification of human talent with a gender perspective.
ANALYSIS OF TEACHER’S STRATEGY IN TEACHING SPEAKING SKILLS TO STUDENTS AT MA MODERN NURUL-AMIN
Authors: Mukhlisin  , Muhammad Yassin  , Dewi Ismu Purwaningsih
Published: September 2024

English is an imperative skill to understand because it has a dominant part in almost the current field in globalization contexts such as in media, technology, science, business, and education. This study was conducted to know the strategies were used by the teacher in teaching speaking skills to students at MA Modern Nurul-Amin Kubu Padi. The subjects of this research were students and the English teacher at MA Modern Nurul-Amin. In conducting the research, the researcher constructs a descriptive qualitative approach. Then, the data were collected through observation checklist, field note and interviews, as well as by questionnaires. The observation checklist and field note were conducted at MA Modern Nurul-Amin during the learning process. Meanwhile, the interviews were conducted with students and the English teacher. Additionally, the questionnaires were distributed to students and the English teacher as the additional or a proponent data of the research. Then, the data were analyzed qualitatively. The findings showed that there were several strategies used by teacher in teaching English speaking skills, the strategies were debate, speech, English class conversation, role play, and group discussion. Moreover, the mostly strategies used by teacher was debate, speech, English class conversation, and group discussion in different level.
Keywords : Teacher’s Strategy, Students’ Speaking Skills, Analysis of Teaching
RACISM IN THE FREEDOM WRITERS MOVIE BY RICHARD LAGRAVENESE: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Siti Nurrotul Aini  , Joko Wibowo
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Racism is not the strange topic anymore for the people worldwide. The idea of racism is the exclusion of a group of individuals according to their race or ethnicity. One of the movies that raised this theme is The Freedom Writers. This movie is an American biographical drama movie written and directed by Richard LaGravenese in 2007. This study will identify racism using Van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis theory in the text dimension as reflected in The Freedom Writers movie. This study is a descriptive qualitative approach using Teun A. Van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis and only focus on text dimension (Macro Structure, Superstructure, and Microstructure). The main theme in the movie is the struggle against racism through education with the sub-theme of education as a tool of social change, highlighting Erin Gruwell's efforts to overcome racial divisions in her classroom through innovative teaching methods. The movie's structure begins with exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution that illustrate the challenges and successes in changing attitudes and promoting inclusivity in Erin's classroom. In this study, 11 texts in the scenes were found to contain elements of racism such as racial discrimination and systemic injustice, structural racism, negative stereotyping, and ignorance of context. Racism can cause traumatizing, violent effects on individuals, anger and irritation, and others.
Keywords: Racism, Education, The Freedom Writers Movie, Van Dijk’s CDA
Advanced Computational Methods for Simulating and Optimizing Stochastic Fracture: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Azanaw Mr. Girmay Mengesha
Published: September 2024

Stochastic fracture processes, pervasive in diverse natural and engineered systems, pose intricate challenges for accurate simulation and optimization. This systematic literature review surveys the landscape of advanced computational methodologies to unravel and optimize stochastic fracture phenomena. Grounded in multidisciplinary perspectives spanning engineering, physics, and applied mathematics, the review navigates through the intricacies of simulation techniques and optimizations methods. From Finite Element Method (FEM) to Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, the review delineates the evolution and application of computational frameworks. It scrutinizes optimization strategies ranging from evolutionary algorithms to surrogate-assisted techniques, illuminating their efficacy in optimizing fracture properties amidst stochasticity. Drawing from applications in geological formations, engineered materials, and biomechanics, the review elucidates the diverse realms where advanced computational methods find resonance. Despite strides in computational prowess, challenges loom large, including computational complexity, validation dilemmas, and interdisciplinary communication barriers. Looking ahead, the review prognosticates on the integration of machine learning, novel algorithmic developments, and standardization endeavor’s to propel the frontier of stochastic fracture simulations towards unprecedented realms of understanding and optimization. Through synthesis and critique, this review engenders a roadmap for future research and underscores the transformative potential of advanced computational methods in deciphering stochastic fracture phenomena.
CNN Algorithm with SIFT to Enhance the Arabic Sign Language Recognition
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Kerbala University, Kerbala, Iraq., Bashaa Manar Hamza , Almasoudy Faezah Hamad ,   Department of Animals Production, College of Agriculture, Kerbala University, Kerbala, Iraq., Sagheer Noor S. ,   Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Kerbala University, Kerbala, Iraq., Hadi Wasan Mueti ,   Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Kerbala University, Kerbala, Iraq.
Published: September 2024

Sign language is used as a primary means of communication by millions of people who suffer from hearing problems. The unhearing people used visual language to interact with each other, Represented in sign language. There are features that the hearing impaired use to understand each other, which are difficult for normal people to understand. Therefore, deaf people will struggle to interact with society. This research aims to introduce a system for recognizing hand gestures in Arabic Sign Language (ArSL) through training the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) on the images of ArSL gestures launched by the University of Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd, Saudi Arabia. A Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm is used for creating the feature vectors that contain shape, finger position, size, center points of palm, and hand margin by extracting the Important features for images of ArSL and transforming them to points of the vector. The accuracy of the proposed system is 97% using the SIFT with CNN, and equal to 94.8% nearly without SIFT. Finally, the proposed system was tried and tested on a group of persons and its effectiveness was proven after considering their observations.
Advanced Home Automation Using Light Fidelity
Authors:   Department of Computer Engineering St. Francis Institute and Technology, Mumbai (M.H), India., Shrivastava Varsha , Fernandes Kevin ,   Department of Computer Engineering St. Francis Institute and Technology, Mumbai (M.H), India., Mathias Garric ,   Department of Computer Engineering St. Francis Institute and Technology, Mumbai (M.H), India., Pereira Shannon ,   Department of Computer Engineering St. Francis Institute and Technology, Mumbai (M.H), India.
Published: September 2024

Light Fidelity or Li-Fi is an emerging technology that uses the visible light spectrum for communication. Home automation is one of the very useful ways to control various electronic devices used in a home for our day to day activities. This paper proposes the use of Li-Fi technology, comprising light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs, as means of connectivity. Data is sent through light spectrum on an optical wireless medium as signal propagation. This idea can be implemented as an android application connected to the cloud. All the devices in any home can be monitored and controlled using this app installed in a mobile phone. A user can change the state of any device (ON/OFF) with this app. Changes are made in the cloud, and a message is sent as a binary sequence to the hardware connected to the light source. After translation, the identity of the device that needs to be controlled is obtained along with the message to toggle it between the ON and OFF states. This message is sent across using visible light communication in a secure way as the data remains within the limits of the four walls. Hardware on the receiving end senses the blinking light source, and translates the blinks into a binary sequence thus obtaining the original message. Then the device performs the necessary action and updates the cloud after completion. This is further reflected on the android application of the user's phone. Attackers cannot break into this system easily, as the device identity and the light source is required to manipulate it.
A Study on Effective Teaching of Fuzzy Controller Design Using ChatGPT
Authors:   DSTSC (Daeduck S&T Social Cooperation, S. Korea., Kim Dong Hwa
Published: September 2024

This paper deals with an effective teaching method of fuzzy controller design using ChatGPT and Python in the University. Currently, ChatGPT and related technology penetrate into all areas such as text, image, video, as well as AI areas and industry. ChatGPT technologies are strongly connected with the education of universities and K-12 because of easy using and correct response. There are two categories of AI-related education. The first one is AI-supported education; another thing is education (teaching and learning) to teach AI. In any case, AI and ChatGPT method should be taught with theory and using method. It should be performed with S/W for student’s understanding. This paper provides a method on how ChatGPT can be well used fuzzy controller design in education. To illustrate ChatGPT based fuzzy controller design, this paper uses ChatGPT prompt and suggests a good prompt skill.
A csíksomlyói pünkösdi búcsú képi keretezése az online sajtóban
Authors: Tőke Sugárka
Published: September 2024

Kutatásomban a csíksomlyói pünkösdi búcsú vizuális megjelenítési formáit vizsgálom az online sajtó közegében. A búcsú rituális eseményeiről, résztvevőiről, tárgyairól stb. készült és az online térben nagy számban forgalmazott elektronikus képek fontos közvetítő elemei az esemény reprezentálásának, azonban a különböző online felületek búcsú-reprezentációi egymástól is eltérnek. Ezek a különbözőségek sokatmondóak: nemcsak magát a búcsús eseményt, hanem magukat az eseményt bemutató hírportálokat is reprezentálják. Tanulmányomban a reprezentációk típusait mutatom be, rávilágítok a különbözőségek mibenlétére és ugyanakkor az eltérések kulturális-ideológiai hátterére.
Kalotaszeg új monográfiája
Authors: Ágoston-Szűcs Brigitta
Published: September 2024

Balogh Balázs‒Fülemile Ágnes: Történeti idő és jelenlét Kalotaszegen. Fejezetek egy emblematikus néprajzi táj jelképpé válásának történeti, társadalmi folyamatairól. Bp. Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont, Néprajztudományi Intézet, 2023. 658 old. (Életmód és Tradíció 18.)
A New Year of Surgo
Authors: Ashraf Daanyaal
Published: September 2024

Hello Everyone, it’s Daanyaal your Surgo Editor-in-Chief for the Year 2024/25. As we enter a new academic year, Surgo also experiences a change in leadership and management. I want to start by crediting the work that Anna and the team underwent to transform Surgo and bring it online for all to read. I hope to be able to also add to the legacy in my own way this year.
My main aims are to:

Develop the Journals to include more editions and featured pieces.
Enhance the Instagram to include articles from the journals as well as other fun pieces of media.
Have overarching themes for each edition to differentiate them from each other and provide an enjoyable and informative reading experience for you all.
Run more competitions and other fun interactive experiences to get everyone involved.

I hope to be able to build on all my predecessors and continue to make Surgo an important part of the Glasgow medical student experience. Thank You.
Pemberian Ganti Kerugian kepada Masyarakat Terkait Pengadaan Tanah untuk Kepentingan Umum
Authors: Andriany Vicy , Asmadia Tezi
Published: September 2024

The success of infrastructure projects is closely related to land acquisition/land acquisition owned by the community, it is not even possible for population relocation to occur. The implementation of development that requires land acquisition is basically a waiver of land rights. Land Procurement for Public Interest is regulated by the Government in Law No. 2 of 2012 and Other Legislations. The purpose of this study was to determine the process of land acquisition and the calculation of fair market value as the basis for providing compensation. The research method used is literature studies and displayed descriptive. Compensation is a proper and fair compensation to the rightful party in the land acquisition process. The results of the research found are based on Law No. 2 of 2012, the land acquisition process consists of 4 stages, namely planning, preparation, implementation and submission of results. Meanwhile, to provide an opinion on the value of the land, an appraisal process is carried out by a Public Appraiser as a professional independent appraiser who has a license from the Land Agency. The appraisal process for compensation includes physical (material) and non-physical (immaterial) compensation where the final value obtained by the Appraiser is Fair Market Value.
Promover el aumento del valor ecológico en el diseño de espacios públicos: posibilidades en el caso de las riberas de Valdivia, Chile
Authors: Andersen-Cirera Karen , Masoli-Illanes Carolina , Jara-Duarte Constanza , Aguilar-Duhalde Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Frente al desafío contemporáneo del diseño de soluciones urbanas basadas en la naturaleza, nos enfrentamos a la pregunta de cómo conciliar los objetivos de protección de ecosistemas naturales con los intereses de seguridad, accesibilidad, legibilidad y sociabilidad en los espacios públicos. Se postula que el diseño del espacio público incide en la conservación de la biodiversidad, siendo relevante cuando este se encuentra al interior de áreas urbanas consolidadas, como es el caso de los ríos urbanos de la ciudad de Valdivia. A partir de una evaluación multicriterio, esta investigación busca entregar recomendaciones sobre los factores y criterios que propician una relación doblemente benéfica, tanto para la sociedad como para el medioambiente en zonas de borde río.