bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracing of large‐scale actor systems
Authors: Ciołczyk Michał , Wojakowski Mariusz , Malawski Maciej
Published: June 2018

In large‐scale and distributed actor systems, there are situations where processing messages within one of the actors fails, often due to failures that had occurred earlier in the system. In such cases, tracing down the origin of the failure is difficult since existing monitoring tools only provide ways to collect metrics and statistical information about system execution. In this paper, we describe a new tool for tracing distributed actor systems, Akka Tracing Tool, a library that allows users to generate a trace graph of messages. To address the distributed nature of the environment, we proposed an efficient data collection mechanism based on the one‐way replication technique implemented in CouchDB, a popular document database. The tool was evaluated in a distributed environment of up to 50 nodes set up in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) computing cloud on a real application: car traffic simulation. The measured overhead when tracing all messages was between 39% to 45% on average. The library also proved to be scalable with respect to the number of nodes in the actor system and to be user‐friendly. Owing to these properties, we expect that the tool can simplify finding errors and speed up the development process of actor systems.
Tracking control with event‐triggered strategy for multi‐agent systems with noises
Authors: Tang Zhaojun , Li Chuandong
Published: June 2018

This paper is concerned with a tracking control problem of multi‐agent systems with noises. It is assumed that each agent in the network updates its state only at some discrete time instants, which determined by the event‐triggered condition, and the agents are affected by noises. In order to attenuate the effect of noises, consensus‐gain function is introduced in the control protocol. Centralized and decentralized event‐triggered protocols are proposed to ensure that the followers track the considered leader. With the help of matrix theory and Lyapunov method, sufficient conditions are derived to solve the mean square tracking control. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.
Common species distribution and environmental determinants in South American coastal plains
Authors: Silva Karla J. P. , Souza Alexandre F.
Published: June 2018

Common species correspond to most of the structure and biomass of ecosystems, but the determinants of their distributions and the extent of their overlap are still a matter of debate. Here, we tested the hypotheses that (1) common herbaceous and woody species do not respond individualistically to environmental factors, but rather form groups of species with similar environmental affinities (archetypes), and (2) if local communities comprised cohesive systems, then archetypes of common species will occupy distinct portions of the coast with little or no overlap. We used a large set of climatic and soil variables in restinga heath vegetation along ~9000 km of eastern South American coastal plains. We used species archetype models, a new statistical approach that clusters species based on their environmental responses. We found five herbaceous species archetypes and 11 woody species archetypes, all responsive significantly although weakly to a mixture of climatic and soil variables. In most cases, there was considerable spatial overlap of different archetypes rather than separation along the coastline. Common species form groups with similar environmental affinities, but that did not respond strongly to environmental factors. This suggests an important role for dispersal in the explanation of heath vegetation floristic variation. Local community composition is influenced by groups of species that are not unique to any region and overlap extensively. Restinga heath vegetation communities seem to be considerably individualistic rather than cohesive systems.
Electron Transfer and Unusual Chemical Transformations of F4‐TCNQ in a Reaction with Mn‐Phthalocyanine
Authors: Kataeva Olga , Metlushka Kirill , Ivshin Kamil , Kiiamov Airat , Alfonsov Vladimir , Khrizanforov Mikhail , Budnikova Yulia , Sinyashin Oleg , Krupskaya Yulia , Kataev Vladislav , Büchner Bernd , Knupfer Martin
Published: June 2018

The interaction of manganese phthalocyanine with F4‐TCNQ is accompanied by the transformation of the acceptor molecule into a new organic ligand, the 4‐(dicyanomethanido)tetra‐fluorobenzoate dianion, resulting in the formation of a unique MnIII charge‐transfer complex, in which two Mn phthalocyanine moieties are bridged by the dianion, with parallel arrangement of all aromatic fragments and an interplanar distance of 3.30 Å. The formation of the complex takes place in a 2:1 ratio, with the two electrons transferring from two donor molecules to an acceptor molecule. Magnetic measurements reveal that MnIII ions in the studied complex occur in the high‐spin state S = 2 and are coupled antiferromagnetically, presumably by the superexchange mechanism through the 4‐(dicyanomethanido)tetrafluorobenzoate dianion bridge, with an interaction constant of J = 5 cm–1 (7 K). According to the electrochemical data, the new complex appears to have unusual redox properties and might be described as an electronic reservoir with strong acceptor ability, being able to take seven electrons. Notably, all of the reduction–oxidation steps are reversible, proceeding without structural changes.
A frequency‐dependent and intensity‐dependent macroelement for reduced order seismic analysis of soil‐structure interacting systems
Authors: Lesgidis Nikolaos , Sextos Anastasios , Kwon Oh‐Sung
Published: June 2018

The computational demand of the soil‐structure interaction analysis for the design and assessment of structures, as well as for the evaluation of their life‐cycle cost and risk exposure, has led the civil engineering community to the development of a variety of methods toward the model order reduction of the coupled soil‐structure dynamic system in earthquake regions. Different approaches have been proposed in the past as computationally efficient alternatives to the conventional finite element model simulation of the complete soil‐structure domain, such as the nonlinear lumped spring, the macroelement method, and the substructure partition method. Yet no approach was capable of capturing simultaneously the frequency‐dependent dynamic properties along with the nonlinear behavior of the condensed segment of the overall soil‐structure system under strong earthquake ground motion, thus generating an imbalance between the modeling refinement achieved for the soil and the structure. To this end, a dual frequency‐dependent and intensity‐dependent expansion of the lumped parameter modeling method is proposed in the current paper, materialized through a multiobjective algorithm, capable of closely approximating the behavior of the nonlinear dynamic system of the condensed segment. This is essentially the extension of an established methodology, also developed by the authors, in the inelastic domain. The efficiency of the proposed methodology is validated for the case of a bridge foundation system, wherein the seismic response is comparatively assessed for both the proposed method and the detailed finite element model. The above expansion is deemed a computationally efficient and reliable method for simultaneously considering the frequency and amplitude dependence of soil‐foundation systems in the framework of nonlinear seismic analysis of soil‐structure interaction systems.
Statistical Properties of the GRE® Psychology Test Subscores
Authors: Liu Yuming , Robin Frédéric , Yoo Hanwook , Manna Venessa
Published: June 2018

The GRE® Psychology test is an achievement test that measures core knowledge in 12 content domains that represent the courses commonly offered at the undergraduate level. Currently, a total score and 2 subscores, experimental and social, are reported to test takers as well as graduate institutions. However, the American Psychological Association (APA) Board of Educational Affairs and the Council of University Directors of Clinical Psychology (CUDCP) have expressed a need for reporting new subscores. To meet such a demand, Educational Testing Service (ETS) content experts, in collaboration with the APA and CUDCP, proposed a new mapping of 12 content domains onto 6 subtest areas: biological; cognitive; social; developmental; clinical; and measurement, methodology, and other. In this study, we investigated the latent structure of the test and evaluated the statistical properties of the 6 subscores. Factor analyses showed that the test was essentially unidimensional. The disattenuated correlations among the 6 raw subscores were relatively high. However, when augmented with the total score, the subscores displayed low to moderate value added. Further, profile analyses showed that the augmented subscores displayed noticeably distinct profiles among test takers with the same total score. No evidence suggested that the content mapping of the 6 subscores was unreasonable. Additional validity research is needed to support the use of the 6 subscores, once their intended use is made clearer.
Coupling methods between finite element–based Boussinesq‐type wave and particle‐based free‐surface flow models
Authors: Mitsume Naoto , Donahue Aaron S. , Westerink Joannes J. , Yoshimura Shinobu
Published: June 2018

We develop one‐way coupling methods between a Boussinesq‐type wave model based on the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method and a free‐surface flow model based on a mesh‐free particle method to strike a balance between accuracy and computational cost. In our proposed model, computation of the wave model in the global domain is conducted first, and the nonconstant velocity profiles in the vertical direction are reproduced by using its results. Computation of the free‐surface flow is performed in a local domain included within the global domain with interface boundaries that move along the reproduced velocity field in a Lagrangian fashion. To represent the moving interfaces, we used a polygon wall boundary model for mesh‐free particle methods. Verification and validation tests of our proposed model are performed, and results obtained by the model are compared with theoretical values and experimental results to show its accuracy and applicability.
25 years of research and development at the Institute of Rock Mechanics and Tunnelling at Graz University of Technology
Authors: Schubert Wulf
Published: June 2018

The Institute of Rock Mechanics and Tunnelling at the Graz University of Technology was founded in 1992. From the beginning, the primary focus of research and development was on Alpine tunnelling and slope stability issues, considering geological conditions and their impact on construction. The aim was to improve the current practice, as well as to reduce uncertainties. The research areas can be roughly grouped into rock mass characterization, improvement of monitoring data interpretation, ground behaviour assessment, as well as development and improvement of support elements. The research is documented in about 110 master theses and 30 doctoral theses, and approximately 350 papers.
Reaching for the Light
Authors: Kugler Sabine , Deuerling Steffi , Van Opdenbosch Daniel , Zollfrank Cordt
Published: June 2018

In the search for innovative ways of synthesising new materials, researchers are exploring a wide array of technologies and approaches – from sugar‐producing single‐celled organisms to biotemplates and 3D printing. In one novel technique, scientists are exploiting the sensitivity of microorganisms such as red algae and cyanobacteria.
Caregiver burden in Alzheimer's disease: Moderation effects of social support and mediation effects of positive aspects of caregiving
Authors: Wang Zhixin , Ma Caiyun , Han Hongjuan , He Runlian , Zhou Liye , Liang Ruifeng , Yu Hongmei
Published: June 2018

Objectives

Although there are many studies on the relationship between patient‐related factors and negative caregiver outcomes, the specifics of this relationship are poorly understood. We aimed to examine whether caregiver social support moderated the relationship between patient factors and negative outcomes for caregivers of community‐dwelling older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and whether positive aspects of caregiving mediated this relationship.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study of patients diagnosed with AD from 2 hospitals and 3 communities in Taiyuan, China, and their caregivers. Latent moderated structural equations and the bias‐corrected percentile bootstrap method were used to estimate the parameters of moderating and mediating effects, respectively.

Results

Social support significantly moderated the effects of AD patient cognitive function (P < 0.001) and depression (P = 0.001) on caregiver burden. Positive aspects of caregiving completely mediated the association between patient depression and caregiver burden (P = 0.006), caregiver anxiety (P = 0.007), and caregiver depression (P = 0.034).

Conclusions

The findings identify social support as a moderator and positive aspects of caregiving as a mediator of the relationship between patient‐related factors and negative caregiver outcomes. The results suggest that health care providers must offer more effective social support for caregivers. In addition, prompt identification of patient and caregiver emotional states could help to improve quality of life.
Global strategic context and CEO appointments: The importance of a global mind‐set
Authors: Thams Yannick , Chacar Aya , Wiersema Margarethe
Published: June 2018

Research Summary: The appointment of a new CEO is among the most pivotal and visible decisions made by a board of directors. While prior research has surveyed the impact of performance and governance‐related factors on CEO selection decisions, our understanding of the implications of a firm's global context is limited. This article explores the influence of home country globalization, international diversification, and the undertaking of major cross‐border acquisitions on the appointment of a CEO with a global mind‐set. Using a sample of European and U.S. firms from the Global 500 ranking from 2005 to 2010, we find that companies are likely to match the characteristics of new CEOs with their global strategic contexts.

Managerial Summary: In this article, we highlight the interplay between a firm's global context and CEO selection. Our findings indicate that executives aspiring to reach the C‐suite should be highly attuned to the imperatives of aligning their knowledge bases, mind‐sets, and perspectives to grasp the challenges faced by companies operating within a global context. From the board's perspective, the selection of a new CEO provides the opportunity to assess a firm's future strategic direction and enables the board to select an executive with the managerial capabilities required to address the challenges of globalization.
A qualitative investigation of the health economic impacts of bariatric surgery for obesity and implications for improved practice in health economics
Authors: Campbell Julie A. , Ezzy Douglas , Neil Amanda , Hensher Martin , Venn Alison , Sharman Melanie J. , Palmer Andrew J.
Published: June 2018

Obesity is an economic problem. Bariatric surgery is cost‐effective for severe and resistant obesity. Most economic evaluations of bariatric surgery use administrative data and narrowly defined direct medical costs in their quantitative analyses. Demand far outstrips supply for bariatric surgery. Further allocation of health care resources to bariatric surgery (particularly public) could be stimulated by new health economic evidence that supports the provision of bariatric surgery. We postulated that qualitative research methods would elicit important health economic dimensions of bariatric surgery that would typically be omitted from the current economic evaluation framework, nor be reported and therefore not considered by policymakers with sufficient priority. We listened to patients: Focus group data were analysed thematically with software assistance. Key themes were identified inductively through a dialogue between the qualitative data and pre‐existing economic theory (perspective, externalities, and emotional capital). We identified the concept of emotional capital where participants described life‐changing desires to be productive and participate in their communities postoperatively. After self‐funding bariatric surgery, some participants experienced financial distress. We recommend a mixed‐methods approach to the economic evaluation of bariatric surgery. This could be operationalised in health economic model conceptualisation and construction, through to the separate reporting of qualitative results to supplement quantitative results.
Comparison between professional sampling and self‐sampling for HPV‐based cervical cancer screening among postmenopausal women
Authors: Bergengren Lovisa , Kaliff Malin , Larsson Gabriella L. , Karlsson Mats G. , Helenius Gisela
Published: June 2018

Objective

To investigate whether self‐sampling is as reliable as professional sampling for HPV testing and genotype detection among postmenopausal women.

Methods

In the present prospective cross‐sectional study, women in Örebro County, Sweden, who had high‐risk HPV (hrHPV) and normal cytology results in exit screening tests conducted in between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014, were invited to follow‐up screenings between February 24, 2015 and May 15, 2015, that included professional sampling and self‐sampling. HPV genotypes were identified by a DNA‐based assay that could detect 35 HPV genotypes. Findings between the different sampling methods were compared.

Results

Of 143 women who participated, 119 returned a self‐sample. Completely concordant results were observed in 67 of these samples when both hrHPV and low‐risk HPV genotypes were analyzed. Overall, 99 (83.2%) women had the same clinically relevant finding from both sampling methods. Twenty women had discordant hrHPV results (hrHPV detected in 10 self‐samples vs 10 professionally collected samples; Cohen κ 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.53–0.80). There was no significant difference between the two sampling methods for clinically significant infections (P>0.99) or extended genotyping (P=0.827).

Conclusion

Postmenopausal women could be offered self‐sampling devices to increase screening‐program coverage while maintaining test quality.
Convallatoxin, the active cardiac glycoside of lily of the valley, minimally affects the ADVIA Centaur digoxin assay
Authors: Dasgupta Amitava , Bourgeois Laverne
Published: June 2018

Objective

Lily of the valley is a poisonous plant due to the presence of the cardiac glycoside convallatoxin which is known to interfere with serum digoxin measurement using the LOCI digoxin assay and other digoxin assays. We evaluated potential interference of convallatoxin as well as extract of lily of the valley with the ADVIA Centaur digoxin assay by comparing results obtained using the LOCI digoxin assay.

Materials and Methods

Aliquots of a drug‐free serum pool and a digoxin serum pool were supplemented with nanograms to 1 μg quantities of convallatoxin or 1.0 and 2.5 μL of lily of the valley extract per milliliter of serum followed by measurement of digoxin concentrations using the LOCI and ADVIA Centaur digoxin assays.

Results

Apparent digoxin concentrations were minimal using the ADVIA Centaur digoxin assay when aliquots of drug‐free serum were supplemented with convallatoxin or extract of lily of the valley but apparent digoxin levels were very high using the LOCI digoxin assay. Moreover, minimal interference in serum digoxin measurement using the ADVIA Centaur digoxin assay was observed when aliquots of serum digoxin pool were further supplemented with lily of the valley extract. As expected, the LOCI digoxin assay showed significant interference of convallatoxin in serum digoxin measurement.

Conclusions

Significant interference of convallatoxin in serum digoxin measurement using the LOCI digoxin assay could be minimized using the ADVIA Centaur digoxin assay.
MALAT1 via microRNA‐17 regulation of insulin transcription is involved in the dysfunction of pancreatic β‐cells induced by cigarette smoke extract
Authors: Sun Qian , Xu Hui , Xue Junchao , Yang Qianlei , Chen Chao , Yang Ping , Han Aohan , Tu Qingyun , Lu Jiachun , Gao Xiaohua , Xiang Quanyong , Liu Qizhan
Published: June 2018

Cigarettes contain various chemicals with the potential to influence metabolic health. Exposure to cigarette smoke causes a dysfunction in pancreatic β‐cells and impairs insulin production. However, the mechanisms for cigarette smoke‐induced reduction of insulin remain largely unclear. Data from 558 patients with diabetes showed that, with smoking pack‐years, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)‐β (a method for assessing β‐cell function) decreased and that HOMA of insulin resistance increased. For β‐cells (MIN6), cigarette smoke extract (CSE) increased the levels of thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) and the long noncoding (lnc)RNA, metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), and downregulated the levels of the transcription factor, mafA, and microRNA (miR)‐17. MALAT1, one of four lncRNAs predicted to regulate miR‐17, was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA). For these cells, an miR‐17 mimic inhibited TXNIP and enhanced the production of insulin. Knockdown of MALAT1 induced an increase in miR‐17, which suppressed TXNIP and promoted the production of insulin. In the sera of patients with diabetes who smoked, there were higher MALAT1 levels and lower miR‐17 levels than in the sera of nonsmokers. Thus, CSE inhibits insulin production by upregulating TXNIP via MALAT1‐mediated downregulation of miR‐17, which provides an understanding of the processes involved in the reduced β‐cells function caused by cigarette smoke.
SIRT1 inhibits TGF‐β‐induced endothelial‐mesenchymal transition in human endothelial cells with Smad4 deacetylation
Authors: Li Zhen , Wang Fei , Zha Siyuan , Cao Qing , Sheng Jing , Chen Shuyan
Published: June 2018

Endothelial‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) plays a pivotal role in organ fibrosis. This study examined the effect of SIRT1 on transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β)‐induced EndMT in human endothelial cells (ECs) and its probable molecular mechanism. We assessed EndMT by immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and migration and invasion assays. Adenovirus was used to overexpress or knockdown SIRT1 in ECs. The regulatory relationship between SIRT1 and Smad4 was analyzed by coimmunoprecipitation assay. We found that SIRT1 was decreased in TGF‐β‐induced EndMT, and SIRT1 inhibited TGF‐β‐induced EndMT through deacetylating Smad4. Our findings suggest that SIRT1 has an important role in inhibiting EndMT by regulating the TGF‐β/Smad4 pathway in human ECs and, thus, protecting against fibrosis.
Elements influencing knowledge management in university–business–government collaboration: Case studies in National Institutes of Science and Technology
Authors: Ribeiro Suzana Xavier , Nagano Marcelo Seido
Published: June 2018

The aim of this article is to investigate how certain characteristics of university–business–government collaborations facilitate creating and managing knowledge and, consequently, innovation, focusing on the particularities of the scenario in Brazil. This topic was chosen as there are few studies that comprehensively identify and analyze the main aspects of this type of collaboration. As conceptual basis, there are correlations between knowledge management and Triple Helix theories, the latter being the principal model referring to university–business–government cooperation. The research was conducted using multiple case studies at three National Institutes of Science and Technology in the health area. The principle findings show the importance of university–business–government collaboration as it enables, as in the case of participating in a National Institutes of Science and Technology program, the creation of an organization structure lead by a coordinator who directs the flow of knowledge between member organizations, stimulating innovation.
The expanding role of mass spectrometry in the field of vaccine development
Authors: Sharma Vaneet Kumar , Sharma Ity , Glick James
Published: June 2018

Biological mass spectrometry has evolved as a core analytical technology in the last decade mainly because of its unparalleled ability to perform qualitative as well as quantitative profiling of enormously complex biological samples with high mass accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity and specificity. Mass spectrometry‐based techniques are also routinely used to assess glycosylation and other post‐translational modifications, disulfide bond linkage, and scrambling as well as for the detection of host cell protein contaminants in the field of biopharmaceuticals. The role of mass spectrometry in vaccine development has been very limited but is now expanding as the landscape of global vaccine development is shifting towards the development of recombinant vaccines. In this review, the role of mass spectrometry in vaccine development is presented, some of the ongoing efforts to develop vaccines for diseases with global unmet medical need are discussed and the regulatory challenges of implementing mass spectrometry techniques in a quality control laboratory setting are highlighted.
Salmiakgeist und Milchzucker
Authors: Ruppersberg Klaus
Published: June 2018

Für den Chemieunterricht ist die Wöhlk‐Probe auf Laktose noch immer ein interessantes Nachweisverfahren, auch wenn sie in Kliniklaboren heute überholt ist. Vor 150 Jahren kam ihr Erfinder auf die Welt.
Vom Allgemeinen zum Einzelfall – Konzepte auf dem Prüfstand
Authors: Langhals Heinz
Published: June 2018

Elementare physikalische Konzepte wurden auf komplexe Substanzen mit speziellen Funktionen angewandt – in vier Fällen gab es Unstimmigkeiten. Sie machen es erforderlich, die Theorie zu erweitern und neu zu formulieren.
Kein eindeutiges Alter
Authors: Schulze Markus
Published: June 2018

Die Radiokarbonmethode ist die Standardmethode, um das Alter geologischer und archäologischer Funde zu bestimmen. Sie wird aber immer ungenauer. Die Ursache dafür ist die Zunahme von Kohlenstoff fossiler Herkunft in der Atmosphäre.
Molecular Modelling in Erlangen
Authors: Horn Anselm
Published: June 2018

Mitte März trafen sich auf Einladung der Deutschsprachigen Sektion der Molecular Graphics and Modelling Society rund 100 Wissenschaftler aus Computerchemie und angrenzenden Bereichen, um an drei Tagen über ihre Forschung zu berichten und sich miteinander auszutauschen. Bereits zum 16. Mal fand der Molecular Modelling Workshop an der Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg statt, in den 16 Jahren davor war die TU Darmstadt Ort der Veranstaltung.
Identification of different hemagglutinin isoforms of influenza A virus H1N1
Authors: Wu Hanzhi , Sun Ningning , Song Wenjun , Zhu Lin , Chen Honglin , Cai Zongwei
Published: June 2018

Rationale

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are still a threat to human health and life. The process of virus infection involves a series of biological regulations, such as signal transduction, that may be closely linked with the function of glycoproteins. However, the number and level of glycoproteins is low compared with other proteins in the whole protein pool.

Methods

Viruses obtained from chicken embryos were purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation. PNGase F enzyme was then used to remove the glycan modification, followed by two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) to separate the hemagglutinin1 (HA1) glycoprotein. In‐gel digestion was used to obtain peptides that were detected by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS).

Results

Remarkably, we found five isoforms of HA1 with the same molecular weight but different isoelectric points. Furthermore, HA1 treatment with PNGase F enzyme changed all but one protein spot from 2DE, indicating that the different HA1 isoforms in 2DE were a result of different glycosylation modifications.

Conclusions

The difference in isoelectric points of these HA1 isoforms was caused by glycan modification. This method provides a new approach for the study of glycosylation of the proteome for viruses or any other organisms.
Mesh adaptation in direct collocated nonlinear model predictive control
Authors: Lee K. , Moase W. H. , Manzie C.
Published: June 2018

Direct methods are often deployed to solve nonlinear model predictive control problems where the optimal control problem is first transcribed into a nonlinear program and then solved to obtain the control input. This makes the computational cost of direct methods nontrivial; however, efficiencies can be gained by utilizing adaptation methods during transcription. Goal‐oriented a priori error estimation is used as an adaptation strategy. Unlike other strategies, the refinement is directly related to the cost function. Therefore, refinement only occurs where it is needed with respect to the cost function. Two examples are presented and an improvement of up to 50% in the computational time is observed with no degradation in the closed‐loop performance.
Investigating the role of refuges and drift on the resilience of macroinvertebrate communities to drying conditions: An experiment in artificial streams
Authors: Doretto A. , Piano E. , Falasco E. , Fenoglio S. , Bruno M.C. , Bona F.
Published: June 2018

Flow intermittence occurs in an increasing number of streams, due to climate change, local land‐use alteration and water abstraction. In particular, droughts represent a new element in Alpine river regimes, and their ecological consequences are poorly explored. We here used artificial streams to investigate the resilience of macroinvertebrates to drought in Alpine streams based on the presence of pools (i.e., refuges) and drift (i.e., recolonization). Three flumes were selected: 1 with permanent flowing water (Control), whereas the other 2 (Drift+Pools, Only Drift) were subjected to 2 consecutive drought‐rewetting phases. Moreover, to better monitor the recolonization pattern by drift, quantitative samples of drifting taxa were collected using an additional flume (Incoming Drift). The effects of droughts on benthic invertebrate communities and their recovery were assessed in terms of composition, structure, diversity, and stability. Droughts dramatically reduced the taxa richness, especially with regard to the most sensitive and specialized macroinvertebrates, such as Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa. Macroinvertebrate assemblages of the flumes that experienced drying phases were dominated by few generalist taxa and showed a higher degree of dissimilarity. Overall, no significant differences were observed in relation to the presence of pools, suggesting a limited role of this habitat in the recovery process. This finding suggests that in shallow and fast‐flowing Alpine lotic ecosystems the drift rather than pool availability represents the main driver of the macroinvertebrate resilience to droughts and provides insights into factors that can facilitate the recovery of aquatic communities after droughts.
P‐6: Development of Advanced Etch‐Stop Structures Oxide TFT
Authors: Shang Fei , Xiang Yong , Wang Rui , Wang Xiaolin , Huang Zhonghao , Xu Zhuo , Li Shaoru , Liu Zhulin , Qiu Haijun , Yuan Jianfeng , Min Taiye , Ma Xiaofeng , Zhao Yongliang
Published: June 2018

Advanced Etch‐Stop s tructure In‐Ga‐Zn‐Oxide thin film transistor (A‐ES TFT) using SD and IGZO layer self‐aligned process is lower production cost, less parasitic capacitance than etch‐stopped layer (ESL) Oxide TFTs. We also found excellent electrical properties and bias stability and fabricated a 12.5‐inch liquid crystal panel using A‐ES TFTs by only two photomask.
84‐3: Invited Paper: Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Beam Shaping: Pixel Design for Variable Angular Emission Profile Control
Authors: Fries Felix , Fröbel Markus , Ang Pen Yiao , Lenk Simone , Reineke Sebastian
Published: June 2018

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are the leading self‐emitting pixel technology in current and future small and large area displays. Once integrated with a certain layer architecture into the backplane layout, their emission colour and angular distribution is set by the optical properties of the layered system. In this paper, we demonstrate a pixel design that allows for actively controlled variation of the angular emission profile of the individual vertical pixel. For this, a tandem device is developed that comprises two units optimized for different angular emission pattern. We constrained the system to operate in a narrow emission band to maintain monochromaticity of the individual pixel. We discuss this concept for a red phosphorescence‐based OLED stack and give an outlook based on simulations for the other primary display colours green and blue. The tandem unit can be operated with only two electrodes making use of the AC/DC driving concept, where the outer electrodes are in direct connection. In this paper, we will discuss the potential, status, and technology challenges for this concept.
84‐2: Invited Paper: High Refractive Index Light Extraction for OLED Lighting
Authors: Cooper Gregory D. , Monickam Selina
Published: June 2018

In this work, we will present the requirements for light extraction in OLED lighting, review Pixelligent's approach to light extraction, and present results from OLED lighting panels made at OLEDWorks incorporating our technology. These results have shown an improvement of greater than 2.6X in efficacy when compared to devices with no light extraction.
84‐1: Invited Paper: Advances in High Efficacy and Flexible OLED Lighting
Authors: Spindler Jeffrey , Kondakova Marina , Boroson Michael , Büchel Michael , Eser Jürgen , Knipping Jörg
Published: June 2018

In this work, we describe the developments behind our “Brite3” generation rigid OLED lighting panels as well as bendable panels based on thin glass. We developed high brightness white OLEDs with excellent performance based on the stacking approach, achieving 80–90 lm/W on rigid panels and 60 lm/W on bendable panels.
82‐3: Temporary Bonding Alternative to Laser Lift‐Off for Flexible Displays
Authors: Reit Radu , Espinoza Jesus , Vega Abraham , Voutsas Tolis , Avendaño-Bolívar Adrian , Arreaga-Salas David
Published: June 2018

A new material, ATB, is demonstrated as a temporary bonding layer for a poly(amic acid)‐based, solution‐cast polyimide and Pylux‐MF, a polysulfide thermoset. Both films are deposited atop carriers coated with ATB and after device definition, are removed from the carriers using a 90° tensile peel with peel strengths below 10 cN/cm.
81‐1: High Transmittance and High Contrast LCD for 3D Head‐Up Displays
Authors: Murata Mitsuhiro , Yokoyama Ryoichi , Tanaka Yoshiki , Hosokawa Toshihiko , Ogura Kenji , Yanagihara Yasuhiro , Kusafuka Kaoru , Matsumoto Takuya
Published: June 2018

We achieved high transmittance and high contrast with keeping high response speed by using high aperture ratio technology and high efficiency liquid crystal. Transmittance is improved by 149% from initial mass production by using this technology, We are available this new liquid crystal technology for 3D‐HUD with parallax barrier.
P‐17: Novel Pixel Circuit with Inverter Structure Based on a‐IGZO TFT for Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Lin Chih-Lung , Lai Po-Cheng , Chen Fu-Hsing , Hung Chia-Che , Chen Bo-Shu
Published: June 2018

This work presents a new pixel circuit with amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide thin‐film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs) for blue‐phase liquid crystal displays (BPLCDs). The proposed circuit adopts two pairs of inverter structures to ameliorate the frequency effect of the BPLCs for generating the accurate gray level voltages. Furthermore, to achieve the maximum transmittance of BPLCs, the wide range of the operation voltage is performed. Simulation results show that the proposed pixel circuit produces an operation voltage range of −29.329 V to 29.748 V when the practical source driver integrated circuits (ICs) only supplies an output voltage swing of 0 V to 15 V, successfully inverting the polarity of the BPLCs without the common signal.
P‐18: Improvement of Reliability in Coplanar a‐IGZO TFTs by Multilayer SiO2 Gate Insulator
Authors: Park Se Hee , Park Jae Yoon , Yun Pil Sang , Bae Jong Uk , Park Kwon-Shik , Yoon SooYong , Kang Inbyeong
Published: June 2018

We investigated the PBTS instability of top‐gate self‐aligned coplanar a‐IGZO TFTs with multilayer SiO2 GI. It is confirmed that the PBTS instability due to the deep charge trapping in GI bulk can be improved by increasing activation energy through the interfacial formation with hydrogen‐low SiO2 deposition, and it is demonstrated experimentally that the PBTS instability due to the excess oxygen in the active region can be improved by hydrogen diffusion process through sequential hydrogen‐rich SiO2 deposition after ACT/GI interface formation.
P‐21: Three‐Mask Elevated‐Metal Metal‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor Technology for High‐Resolution AMOLED Application
Authors: Li Jiapeng , Lu Lei , Xia Zhihe , Wang Sisi , Feng Zhuoqun , Kwok Hoi-Sing , Wong Man
Published: June 2018

Incorporated with the self‐aligned definition of the active island, a one‐mask‐reduced elevated‐metal metal‐oxide (EMMO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) with thermally‐induced source/drain regions was proposed for high‐resolution AMOLED application. Such three‐mask EMMO TFT combines the advantages of small device footprint, low manufacture cost, reduced overlap parasitic capacitance and good device characteristics.
P‐24: Integrated Gate Driver for 2700‐ppi 8K 120Hz Displays using a‐IGZO TFTs
Authors: Chen Yuanfeng , Geng Di , Jang Jin
Published: June 2018

We propose a high‐speed, fine‐pitch gate driver using a‐IGZO TFTs. The gate driver has a pitch of 18.6μm supporting the pixel density up to 2700 pixel‐per‐inch (ppi) when applied to two sides of the display. Moreover, the gate driver works within a very short stage period of 1μs, which corresponds to a refresh rate of 120Hz at 8K resolution. This study enables gate driver integration for high ppi a‐IGZO displays, which can be used for mobile and AR/VR applications.
P‐26: Reconstruction of Wide Range Exposures and Diverse High Dynamic Range Image Styles for Displays
Authors: Soh Jae Woong , Park Jae Sung , Cho Nam Ik
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a high dynamic range (HDR) imaging method, which generates virtual wide range exposures and diverse HDR tone styles from a single exposure image. Wide range exposures are generated by the illumination transform function that estimates and adjusts the illumination component of an input image. To visualize various styles of HDR images on HDR displays, the dynamic ranges of the wide range exposures are expanded by employing our exposure‐dependent brightness enhancement function (EBEF) which is adaptive to the virtual exposure values.
P‐35: New Narrow Border Freeform LCDs for Automotive Application
Authors: Dai Wenjun , Wang Meilin , Tian Fan , Li Xiongping
Published: June 2018

Vertical gate line in pixel array is one effective method to achieve narrow border LCD. However, this design forms V‐shape mura which matches the crossed point positions of the vertical gate line and horizontal gate line, if the pixel array design is not optimized. Through electronic simulation, this paper find out the root cause of the mura is the parasitic capacitance of gate line and data line. The optimum pixel array design is proposed to achieve better image quality of narrow border freeform LCDs for automotive application.
P‐68: Calculation of the Column Spacer Density and Liquid Crystal Injection Quantity for Optimal Panel Assembly
Authors: Jeong Il Hwa , Jung Moosung , Kim Byung Kyu , Choi Minwan , Yoon Sukin
Published: June 2018

In the manufacturing process of large size liquid crystal display (LCD), and injection quantity of liquid crystal and the density of Column Spacer (CS) are important factors for minimizing the Mura defects. However, only empirical methods are mainly used for optimizing CS density and LC injection quantity, leading to waste of process material and time and increasing production cost high. In this paper, we proposed mechanical simulation method for calculating the optimal CS density and accurate LC injection quantity. The realistic three dimension structures for full panel by polygon based solid modeling algorithm in order to calculate the desired LC volume, and then performed mechanical simulation with finite element method using the combination of plate bending element and gap spring element. As a result, we reported the optimal LC Injection margin with average cell gap and cell gap deviation according to various thicknesses of CS caused by process variation. We expect that TVolumeX enables panel makers to improve the yield enhancement and reduce production costs, preventing the waste of process materials and empirical experimental time.
78‐4: Visual Evaluation of Displays 3D Color Gamut Volume
Authors: Baek Ye Seul , Kwak Youngshin , Seo Sungwon , Lee Jongseok
Published: June 2018

The displays color gamut volume was visually evaluated in terms of richness in color to evaluate the display performance. Various color gamut images were simulated on SDR and HDR displays for the pair‐comparison experiment. Various color spaces were used to calculate 3D color gamut to compare with visual results. The result shows that the method of measuring the color gamut volume using CIECAB L*a*b* is not consistent with the visual evaluation. However, the color gamut volume calculated using CIECAM02 QMh can predict the visual data quite well.
78‐1: Correcting Metameric Failure of Wide Color Gamut Displays
Authors: Bodner Ben , Robinson Neil , Atkins Robin , Daly Scott
Published: June 2018

When calibrating wide‐gamut displays, a colorimetric match may result in perceived color error due to inaccuracies of the CIE 1931 observer. In this study, methods of correcting values measured on wide gamut displays to perceptually equivalent values on standard gamut displays were analyzed using visual color matching data.
74‐2: Sunlight‐Readable Low‐Reflection FFS‐LCD
Authors: Kawahira Yuichi , Murata Koji , Nakai Takako , Hasegawa Masahiro , Sakai Akira , Minoura Kiyoshi , Nakatani Aya , Miyata Hidekazu , Kyoukane Youzou , Watanabe Hisashi , Smith Nathan
Published: June 2018

A novel wide‐view LCD with reduced unwanted reflection has been developed to enhance ambient contrast ratio. By combining an FFS‐based new LC mode with a circular polarizer, our 12.3” prototype has successfully demonstrated excellent sunlight‐readability without boosting the backlight brightness.
76‐3: A New Photosensitive Oxide Diode
Authors: Kim Myeongho , Choi Soyang , Oh Hagun , Kim Jongun , Choi Duck-kyun
Published: June 2018

In recent, research about the oxide semiconductor based photo sensor such as photosensitive oxide TFTs and diodes has been emphasized. In this study, we report a new photosensitive a‐IGZO diode for photo sensor in interactive display. The diode has high on/off ratio and low leakage current density of ~10‐9 A/cm2. Also, the diode has a great photosensitivity of ~107 and ~104 at reverse bias under ultra‐violet (UV) and visible light conditions, respectively.
74‐3: Polarized Light‐Emitting Films for Transparent and Self‐Emissive LCDs
Authors: Mochizuki Noriaki , Morita Ryoutarou
Published: June 2018

Novel light‐emitting films that exhibit transmittances greater than 90% and emit polarized light of various colors were developed. The application of these new films enabled the fabrication of novel self‐emissive liquid crystal displays that exhibit high transparency, high contrast, and good visibility.
73‐3: Distinguished Student Paper: Full Color Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Patterned by Photolithography Technology
Authors: Ji Tingjing , Jin Shuang , Chen Bingwei , Huang Yucong , Huang Zijing , Chen Zinan , Chen Shuming , Sun Xiaowei
Published: June 2018

Photolithography is a high resolution and mature patterning technique which has been widely used in semiconductor industry. For display application, a pixel consists of red (R), green (G) and blue (B) side‐by‐side sub‐pixels, which thereby requires a high resolution patterning of the light‐emission layers. In this work, photolithography is used to fine pattern the quantum dot (QD) light‐emitting layers. To prevent the QDs being washed off during the lift‐off process, the ZnMgO layer is treated by the hydrophobic material hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). With HMDS treatment, the adhesion between the QDs and the ZnMgO is effectively improved. As a result, side‐by‐side RGB QD with pixel size 30 μm × 120 μm is successfully achieved. After patterning, the R, G and B QLEDs exhibit a maximum current efficiency of 11.6 cd/A, 29.7 cd/A and 1.5 cd/A, respectively.
72‐2: Standardizing Fundamental Criteria for Near Eye Display Optical Measurements: Determining Eye Point Position
Authors: Draper Russell S. , Penczek John , Varshneya Rupal , Boynton Paul A.
Published: June 2018

The fundamental criteria for measuring the near‐eye display eye‐point is evaluated in terms of its impact on the device performance. Several eye‐point determination techniques are used to illustrate how the various derived eye‐point locations affect primary display characteristics such as angular alignment, field of view, and center resolution.
71‐4: New LCD with 97.3% Rec.2020 color gamut
Authors: Chen Haiwei , Zhu Ruidong , He Juan , Li Ming-Chun , Lee Seok-Lyul , Dong Yajie , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2018

We analyse how the backlight's peak wavelength and bandwidth affect the color gamut of a liquid crystal display and establish a theoretical limit even if the bandwidth approaches 1 nm. To get around this limit, we propose a new backlight system and achieve 97.3% Rec. 2020 color gamut in experiment.
70‐3: Distinguished Student Paper: Novel Directional Projection Screen using Diverted Curved Surfaces Cube Corner Reflector (D‐CCR)
Authors: Ohtera Ryosuke , Wako Kazuhiro , Ishitaka Yumiko , Kano Mitsuru , Käläntär K , Uchida Tatsuo
Published: June 2018

We devised and developed a novel directive projection screen for applications such as personal use, small group meeting, automotive pillar, and near‐eye. This screen reflects and diffuses incident light at an angle Δθview around a direction deviated by θview from the direction of the projector. We realized the screen by employing a hollow cube corner retroreflector (CCR). The bottom surface of the CCR was tilted by θview/2 to change the direction of the reflected light by θview from the retro‐reflection direction. Furthermore three side surfaces of the CCR (D‐CCR) were curved to diffuse the light within a designed angle (θview ±Δθview/2). We simulated a D‐CCR with θview=10° and Δθview=16°, i.e., the viewing angle for a single D‐CCR, 10°±8°, and fabricated a prototype. We verified closely the desired characteristics in which an optical gain of 16 was obtained.
70‐2: Projection‐based Multi‐view Three‐dimensional Display with Angular Steering Screen
Authors: Xia Xinxing , Zhang Xiangyu , Zhang Lei , Surman Phil , Zheng Yuanjin
Published: June 2018

With the developed angular steering screen, super multi‐view three‐dimensional (3D) display is implemented. The mini projector array and the screen module with time multiplex angular steering screen are utilized to generate multiple high‐density viewpoints horizontally. The vivid high‐quality color 3D image with smooth parallax is realized in the developed 36‐view multi‐view 3D display experimental prototype.
76‐1: Invited Paper: A New Full Screen Flexible AMOLED Solution with Fingerprint
Authors: Zhou Wei-Feng , Chen Li-Qiang , Sun Yan-Liu , Shi Ling , Liu Zheng , Guan Feng , Wang David
Published: June 2018

A mapis matrix has been integrated in the back plane of flexible AMOLED to form a high performance light path for the fingerprint sensor. GOP technology is applied to make the fingerprint unit as lower as possible in the cell phone. GOP IC's bump should be distributed uniformly for mechanical strain.