bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Childhood Education in Brazil: Interdependent Relationships Between Young children and Adults
Authors: Sarat Magda , Ferreira Eliana Maria , Dantes Claudemir
Published: September 2024

Children’s education constitutes itself over an historical process, an important phenomenon to be discussed socially, culturally and politically, mobilizing research in diverse fields of knowledge. We have located ourselves in the debate about children’s education which in Brazil is carried on as the first step of basic education for children under five. This chapter discusses the relations between different social figurations overlaid in the institutionalizing process of childhood in Brazil, dealing with the child’s education at public institutions, kindergartens and preschools. We establish a dialogue with Norbert Elias’s figurational theory, more specifically with his concepts of figuration and power (Elias, Introdução à Sociologia. Edições 70, 2008; Sobre os seres humanos e suas emoções: um ensaio sob a perspectiva da sociologia dos processos. In A. Gebara & C. Wouters (Eds.), O controle das emoções. Editora Universitária da UFPB, 2009). Making use of methodologies and diverse sources, we focus on aspects of the relation between adults (professionals of educational institutions), children and families. The investigations were developed in the city of Dourados, in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, a region in the Brazilian Mid-West.
Bringing Norbert Elias to School: Education and the Civilising Process
Authors: Gilliam Laura , Gulløv Eva
Published: September 2024

In this chapter, we will argue that an Eliasian figurational approach can enhance our knowledge of schooling, while a detailed study of everyday life in schools brings new insights into civilising processes in welfare state societies. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork in Danish schools, we show how seeing schools and school classes as social figurations akin to Elias’s court society illuminates how children’s habitus is not just moulded by teachers’ inculcation of the right behaviour. They are also shaped by children’s negotiations of relationships, conduct and status in the intense social theatre of the classroom, as well as by their chains of interdependence outside school, to parents, policy makers and the state. Furthermore, the fact that today’s civilising of children in welfare societies takes place in schools and in families that are closely dependent on these institutions means that the ‘institutional sociality’ that children learn in school has a great impact on the norms and conduct in wider society.
Changes in Play and Playgrounds Within Recent Informalising and Reformalising Cycles of Parent-Child Relationships (1950–2020)
Authors: Sánchez-García Raúl
Published: September 2024

This chapter analyses the recent development of the free/supervised play balance in children and in the design of playgrounds within the parent-child relationship in Western countries from a figurational perspective. It aims to further Norbert Elias’s analyses on the civilising of parents by introducing Cas Wouters’s ideas on informalisation. During the informalisation phase of the 1960s–1970s, a more even balance between generations ensued during the welfare state. Children’s play featured a prevalence of more freedom within ‘adventure playgrounds’ and ‘novelty playgrounds’. The informalisation phase was followed by a long reformalisation period (since the mid-1970s, but especially in the 1980s) characterised by more control and risk averse attitudes in parents and the emergence of a more restricting approach of ‘standardised playgrounds’. A rising informalisation trend gained momentum since the mid-2000s, leading to a moderate approach in the design of ‘integrated playgrounds’ in which risky play’s positive influence was acknowledged.
Childhood Figurations and Processes of Social Inequality in Brazil
Authors: Honorato Tony , Sarat Magda
Published: September 2024

The investigation of infancy in society is one of the most demanding and complex of tasks and may be explained by a long-term figurational, relational and historical process approach as suggested by Norbert Elias´s theories. This chapter explains the figurational processes of childhood in Brazil discussing the conditions of inequality of generations of children in their relationship to adults, social rights and citizenship. We discuss, within Elias´s social and historical perspective, several social figurations in which individuals produce representations on childhood and social inequalities of childhood in Brazil. Familial, school and labour figurations are analysed. The empirical basis of this analysis is made up of pictures available at the 2016 Art Exposition, called History of Childhoods, in the Arts Museum of São Paulo (MASP).
Introduction
Authors: Galende Sánchez Ester , Sorman Alevgul H. , Cabello Violeta , Heidenreich Sara , Klöckner Christian A.
Published: September 2024

The climate crisis represents a unique, collective action problem requiring the collaboration of diverse knowledge systems for enhancing climate policy. To achieve this, the book proposes the following: (1) Supporting SSH-STEM collaborations to foster innovative research and holistic policies; (2) Integrating local knowledge and epistemic justice to ensure inclusive and effective policymaking; (3) Ensuring just and inclusive transitions that advance distributive, procedural, and restorative justice, prioritising community engagement and addressing social vulnerabilities; (4) Learning from the Global South for climate adaptation strategies; and (5) Strengthening climate adaptation through ethical governance which is value-based and locally grounded. Achieving these goals demands profound societal transformations as presented in this collaborative work of Strengthening European climate policy: Governance recommendations from innovative interdisciplinary collaborations.
Developing Equitable Maritime Spatial Planning in the EU: Case Studies from Portugal and Norway
Authors: Abdel-Fattah Dina , Wester Misse , Martins Irene , Ramos Sandra , Kleiven Stian K.
Published: September 2024

Policy Highlights

To achieve the recommendation stated in the title, we propose the following:

Maritime spatial planning (MSP) is a mandated approach set forth by the EU to develop a common framework to manage maritime spaces.

MSP helps to bring together the perspectives of diverse stakeholders, although challenges exist to ensure it equitably reflects their needs and concerns.

The Portuguese case shows the importance of including top-down and bottom-up participation mechanisms to ensure all stakeholders are integrated into the process.

MSP can be used to protect sensitive areas and safeguard marine life, but the Norwegian case shows that political buy-in is imperative for its successful implementation.

Combining natural and social sciences in marine planning ensures the integration of diverse views and helps to develop a robust and equitable process.
Magnetic braneworlds: cosmology and wormholes
Authors: Antonini Stefano , Bariuan Luis Gabriel C.
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We construct 4D flat Big Bang-Big Crunch cosmologies and Anti-de Sitter (AdS) planar eternally traversable wormholes using braneworlds embedded in asymptotically AdS5 spacetimes. The background geometries are the AdS5 magnetic black brane and the magnetically charged AdS5 soliton, respectively. The two setups arise from different analytic continuations of the same saddle of the gravitational Euclidean path integral, in which the braneworld takes the form of a Maldacena-Maoz Euclidean wormhole. We show the existence of a holographic dual description of this setup in terms of a microscopic Euclidean boundary conformal field theory (BCFT) on a strip. By analyzing the BCFT Euclidean path integral, we show that the braneworld cosmology is encoded in a pure excited state of a CFT dual to a black brane microstate, whereas the braneworld wormhole is encoded in the ground state of the BCFT. The latter confines in the IR, and we study its confining properties using holography. We also comment on the properties of bulk reconstruction in the two Lorentzian pictures and their relationship via double analytic continuation. This work can be interpreted as an explicit, doubly-holographic realization of the relationship between cosmology, traversable wormholes, and confinement in holography, first proposed in arXiv:2102.05057, arXiv:2203.11220.
Mapping the SMEFT at high-energy colliders: from LEP and the (HL-)LHC to the FCC-ee
Authors: Celada Eugenia , Giani Tommaso , ter Hoeve Jaco , Mantani Luca , Rojo Juan , Rossia Alejo N. , Thomas Marion O. A. , Vryonidou Eleni
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We present SMEFiT3.0, an updated global SMEFT analysis of Higgs, top quark, and diboson production data from the LHC complemented by electroweak precision observables (EWPOs) from LEP and SLD. We consider recent inclusive and differential measurements from the LHC Run II, alongside with a novel implementation of the EWPOs based on independent calculations of the relevant EFT contributions. We estimate the impact of HL-LHC measurements on the SMEFT parameter space when added on top of SMEFiT3.0, through dedicated projections extrapolating from Run II data. We quantify the significant constraints that measurements from two proposed high-energy circular e+e− colliders, the FCC-ee and the CEPC, would impose on both the SMEFT parameter space and on representative UV-complete models. Our analysis considers projections for the FCC-ee and the CEPC based on the latest running scenarios and includes Z-pole EWPOs, fermion-pair, Higgs, diboson, and top quark production, using optimal observables for both the W+W− and the $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

channels. The framework presented in this work may be extended to other future colliders and running scenarios, providing timely input to ongoing studies towards future high-energy particle physics facilities.
Study of long range force in P2SO and T2HKK
Authors: Mishra Priya , Majhi Rudra , Pusty Sambit Kumar , Ghosh Monojit , Mohanta Rukmani
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the sensitivities of the upcoming long-baseline neutrino experiments P2SO and T2HKK to the long-range force (LRF). In the context of these two experiments, our objective is to study (i) their capabilities to put bounds on the LRF parameters as well as on constraining the mass and coupling strength of the new gauge boson, which gives rise to LRF due to matter density in Sun and (ii) the effect of LRF in the measurement of standard oscillation parameters. In our study, we find that among the different neutrino experiments, the best bounds on the LRF parameters including mass of the new gauge boson and its coupling strength will come from the P2SO experiment. Our study also shows that LRF has non-trivial effect on the determination of the standard neutrino oscillation parameters except the precision of $$ \Delta {m}_{31}^2 $$
∆

m
31
2

. For this parameter, the precision remains unaltered in the presence of LRF for both these experiments.
Non-invertible symmetries in SN orbifold CFTs and holography
Authors: Gutperle Michael , Li Yan-Yan , Rathore Dikshant , Roumpedakis Konstantinos
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We study non-invertible defects in two-dimensional SN orbifold CFTs. We construct universal defects which do not depend on the details of the seed CFT and hence exist in any orbifold CFT. Additionally, we investigate non-universal defects arising from the topological defects of the seed CFT. We argue that there exist universal defects that are non-trivial in the large-N limit, making them relevant for the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence. We then focus on AdS3×S3 × $$ {\mathcal{M}}_4 $$

M
4

with one unit of NS-NS flux and propose an explicit realization of these defects on the worldsheet.
Chile Niño/Niña in the coupled model intercomparison project phases 5 and 6
Authors: Concha Emilio , Dewitte Boris , Martinez-Villalobos Cristian , Solmon Fabien , Sanchez-Gomez Emilia
Published: September 2024

The north and central coast of Chile is influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) through oceanic and atmospheric teleconnections. However, it also experiences episodic oceanic warmings off central Chile (30°S) lasting a few months that are not necessarily associated with ENSO. These episodes, called “Chile Niño” events, besides their ecological and socio-economical impacts, have also the potential to influence tropical Pacific variability. Here, we investigate how realistically the models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP, Phases 5 and 6) simulate Chile Niño/Niña (CN) events, and quantify their changes under anthropogenic forcing. Despite limitations of the global models in simulating realistically coastal upwelling dynamics, we show that they simulate reasonably well the observed spatial pattern, amplitude and seasonal evolution of CN events. They however fail to properly represent the positive skewness from observations. The analysis of a sub-group of models (36) that simulate ENSO realistically reveals that CN events increase in amplitude and variance in the future climate with no changes in their frequency of occurence. This is interpreted as resulting from compensating effects amongst changes in remote drivers and local feedbacks. In particular, ENSO variance increases while that of the South Pacific Oscillation decreases. Conversely, we found that while the Wind-Evaporation-SST feedback tends to increase and the coupling between mixed-layer depth and SST weakens, favoring the development of CN events, the thermocline and wind-SST feedbacks decrease. However, only the change in the thermocline feedback is correlated to changes in CN variance amongst the models, suggesting a dominant role of local oceanic stratification changes in constraining the sensitivity of CN to global warming.
Combined pelvic ring and acetabular fractures – strategies and sequence of surgery. State of the art
Authors: Puchwein Paul , Sandersjöö Gunnar , Lindahl Jan , Eibinger Nicolas
Published: September 2024

Combined injuries of the pelvic ring and the acetabulum are uncommon. Acute treatment should follow common protocols (ATLS e.g.) for pelvic ring injuries, although mechanical stabilization using pelvic binders or external fixators might be insufficient or even worsen the reduction in some combined fracture patterns. In case of mechanically connected acetabular and pelvic ring injury (MCAPI), surgical treatment might be demanding in lack of clear recommendations concerning the reduction and fixation sequence. A “pelvic ring first” sequence may be the best choice for most MCAPIs, starting with sacrum or SI-joint and symphysis pubis. An “acetabulum first” sequence should be considered in relatively stable posterior ring injuries and acetabulum fractures in younger patients, where a perfect anatomical reduction is feasible. Definitive surgical treatment should be performed as soon as possible depending on concomitant injuries, ideally within 3–7 days. Mechanical understanding of the combined fracture pattern and accurate planning are mandatory for surgical repair.
PATH classification: a proposal for patients with HNSCC treated with salvage surgery
Authors: Llansana Albert , Porcuna David Virós , Vasquez Rosselin , Parellada Arnau , Valero Cristina , Holgado Anna , León Xavier
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study is to propose a classification for patients with recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with salvage surgery based on the location of the primary tumor and data commonly found in the pathological report of the resection.

Methods

Retrospective study of 665 patients with HNSCC treated with a salvage surgery after a local and/or regional recurrence of the tumor.

Results

We propose a new postoperative classification for patients with recurrent HNSCC treated with salvage surgery. PATH classification stratifies patients into 4 stages based on the glottic or non-glottic location of the primary tumor, the local and regional pathologic extension of the tumor, the status of the surgical margins, and the presence of lymph node metastases with extracapsular spread. The PATH classification was more homogeneous in the prognosis of patients included in each of its stages, and it had a better prognostic discrimination capacity between stages than the rpTNM classification. According to the PATH classification, the 5-year disease-specific survival was: PATH I (n = 306) 82.8%; PATH II (n = 119) 47.1%; PATH III (n = 202) 24.4%; PATH IV (n = 38) 3.7%. For the rpTNM classification, the 5-year disease-specific survival was: stage I (n = 119) 85.1%; stage II (n = 134) 68.4%; stage III (n = 111) 59.5%; stage IV (n = 301) 33.3%.

Conclusion

The PATH classification for HNSCC patients with local and/or regional recurrence treated with salvage surgery had a better prognostic capacity than the rpTNM classification.

Level of evidence

Level IV.
Definition and assessment of fever-related discomfort in pediatric literature: a systematic review
Authors: Milani Gregorio P. , Alberti Ilaria , Bonetti Alessia , Garattini Silvia , Corsello Antonio , Marchisio Paola , Chiappini Elena
Published: September 2024

Guidelines advocate that the symptomatic management of fever should prioritize alleviating the child's discomfort. We investigated the definition and assessment of discomfort in febrile children within the scientific pediatric literature. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines and preregistered on the Prospero database (CRD42023471590). Databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched. Studies addressing discomfort in febrile children were eligible. Out of 794 initially identified articles, 27 original studies and seven guidelines specifically used the term ‘discomfort’. Only 14 original articles provided a definition of discomfort, revealing substantial heterogeneity and no clear-cut definition. Discomfort was often assessed subjectively, predominantly through parent or self-report, and only two studies used a scoring system for assessment. The definitions varied widely, with terms such as crying, irritability, shivering and chills, pain and distress, goosebumps commonly used and evaluation of observable modifications such as facial modifications. Overall, no consensus on a single, standardized definition was available.

Conclusions: This systematic review shows the absence of a standardized definition and assessment of discomfort in febrile children. The findings of the present analysis might be the basis for building a consensus and developing a new tool to evaluate discomfort.

What is Known:• Discomfort is currently considered the main criterion to guide antipyretic administration in children with fever.• Despite this clear-cut recommendation, it has been questioned whether a commonly accepted understanding and assessment of this condition exists.

What is New:• This systematic review identifies a significant heterogeneity in definitions and assessment of discomfort in children with fever.• Both subjective parameters and observable modifications in physiological parameters should be included in a new and shared characterization of discomfort.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diarrhea and colitis: an overview
Authors: Zoghbi Marianne , Burk Kathryn J. , Haroun Elio , Saade Maria , Carreras Maria Teresa Cruz
Published: September 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as an integral component of the management of various cancers and have contributed to significant improvements in overall survival. Most available ICIs target anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (anti-CTLA4), and anti-programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD1/PDL1). Gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events remain a common complication of ICIs. The predominant manifestations include diarrhea and colitis, which often manifest concurrently as immune-mediated diarrhea and colitis (IMDC). Risk factors for developing these side effects include baseline gut microbiota, preexisting autoimmune disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, and type of neoplasm. The hallmark symptom of colitis is diarrhea which may be accompanied by mucus or blood in stools. Patients may also experience abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and nausea. If not treated rapidly, ICI-induced colitis can lead to serious life-threatening complications. Current management is based on corticosteroids as first-line, and immunosuppressants like infliximab or vedolizumab for refractory cases. Microbiota transplantation and specific cytokines and lymphocyte replication inhibitors are being investigated. Optimal patient care requires maintaining a balance between treatment toxicity and efficacy, hence the aim of this review is to enhance readers’ comprehension of the gastrointestinal adverse events associated with ICIs, particularly IMDC. In addition to identifying the risk factors, we discuss the incidence, clinical presentation, workup, and management options of IMDC.
Optimal testing and social distancing of individuals with private health signals
Authors: Tröger Thomas
Published: September 2024

In an epidemic, the regulation of social distancing and testing is critical for the large group of individuals who are possibly infected, but have not developed clear, distinct symptoms. Each individual’s reaction to a regulation scheme depends on its private probability assessment of being infected. Assuming no monetary transfers, we identify a simple class of schemes for welfare maximization: all individuals who ask for a test are tested with the same probability, independently of their infection probabilities, and the social distancing regulation depends on who asks for a test. Social distancing has a double role: to provide incentives so that the right people get tested, and to curb the spread of the disease. If testing capacities are scarce it can be optimal to test only a randomly selected fraction of those who ask for a test, and require maximal social distancing precisely for those individuals who ask unsuccessfully. If public costs and benefits are small, laissez faire is optimal.
Impact of Body Mass Index and VO2 Max on Symptoms, Physical Activity, and Physical Function in a Multinational Sample of People with HIV
Authors: Horvat Davey Christine , Duwadi Deepesh , Phillips J. Craig , Dawson-Rose Carol , Nokes Kathleen M. , Perazzo Joseph , Webel Allison R.
Published: September 2024

People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for metabolic disorders affecting body mass index (BMI), chronic symptoms, and impaired physical function and capacity. Although physical activity improves health and well-being, PWH often do not meet activity recommendations necessary to achieve these benefits. Despite the known impact of symptoms, physical activity, and physical function on health, little is known about the relationships and interactions between these variables and BMI and maximum oxygen consumption during exercise (VO2 max) in a multinational population of PWH. We examined the relationship of BMI with PROMIS-29 measures, physical activity, strength, flexibility, and VO2 max in a diverse sample of PWH. Additionally, we examined the relationship of VO2 max with PROMIS-29 measures. Data from 810 PWH who participated in a cross-sectional study conducted by the International Nursing Network for HIV Research (Study VII) were analyzed. Participants were recruited from 8 sites across the United States, Thailand, and South Africa. BMI was calculated from collected height and weight data. Physical function and symptoms were assessed using the PROMIS-29 measure. Physical activity was assessed using the 7-day Physical Activity Recall. VO2 max was calculated using sex at birth, age, BMI and the 6-minute Walk Test. Data were analyzed using descriptive, correlational, and regression statistical analyses. Participants had an average age of 49.1 (± 11.1) years, 44% were female, and the average BMI of the sample group was 27 kg/m2 (± 6.7). Increased BMI was associated with decreased 6-minute Walk Test (β=-2.18, p < 0.001), flexibility (β=-0.279, p < 0.001), and VO2 max (β=-0.598, p < 0.001), even after controlling for covariates (age, sex at birth, country, years living with HIV, and antiretroviral therapy status). BMI was not associated with self-reported physical activity. Increased VO2 max was associated with increased physical function (β = 0.069, p < 0.001), and decreased pain (β=-0.047, p < 0.006), even after controlling for covariates (country, years living with HIV, and antiretroviral therapy status). Future research should explore development of effective and sustainable symptom self-management interventions in PWH accounting for the potential impact of BMI and VO2 max.
Ameliorated Fick’s law algorithm based multi-threshold medical image segmentation
Authors: Hu Gang , Zhao Feng , Hussien Abdelazim G. , Zhong Jingyu , Houssein Essam H.
Published: September 2024

Medical image segmentation is a critical and demanding step in medical image processing, which provides a solid foundation for subsequent medical image data extraction and analysis. Multi-threshold image segmentation, one of the most commonly used and specialized image segmentation techniques, limits its application to medical images because it requires demanding computational performance and is difficult to produce satisfactory segmentation results. To overcome the above problems, an ameliorated Fick's law algorithm (MsFLA) for multi-threshold image segmentation is developed in this paper. First, an optimized sine–cosine strategy is introduced to extend the molecular diffusion process to alleviate the problem of easily falling into local optima, thus improving the convergence accuracy of the Fick's law algorithm (FLA). Secondly, the introduction of local minimal value avoidance enriches the individual molecular information and enhances the local search ability, thus improving computational accuracy. In addition, the optimal neighborhood learning strategy is added to ensure a more careful and reasonable reliance on the optimal solution, thus reducing the chance of convergence of a local solution. The efficient optimization capability of MsFLA is comprehensively validated by comparing MsFLA with the original FLA and other algorithms in 23 classical benchmark functions. Finally, MsFLA is applied to image segmentation of grayscale images of COVID-19 and brain and color images of Lung and Colon cancer histopathology by using Cross entropy to validate its segmentation capability. The experimental results show that the MsFLA obtains the best segmentation results in three medical image cases compared to other comparison algorithms, which indicates that MsFLA can effectively solve the multi-threshold medical image segmentation problem.

Graphical abstract
Prototype-based learning for real estate valuation: a machine learning model that explains prices
Authors: Rodriguez-Serrano Jose A.
Published: September 2024

The systematic prediction of real estate prices is a foundational block in the operations of many firms and has individual, societal and policy implications. In the past, a vast amount of works have used common statistical models such as ordinary least squares or machine learning approaches. While these approaches yield good predictive accuracy, most models work very differently from the human intuition in understanding real estate prices. Usually, humans apply a criterion known as “direct comparison”, whereby the property to be valued is explicitly compared with similar properties. This trait is frequently ignored when applying machine learning to real estate valuation. In this article, we propose a model based on a methodology called prototype-based learning, that to our knowledge has never been applied to real estate valuation. The model has four crucial characteristics: (a) it is able to capture non-linear relations between price and the input variables, (b) it is a parametric model able to optimize any loss function of interest, (c) it has some degree of explainability, and, more importantly, (d) it encodes the notion of direct comparison. None of the past approaches for real estate prediction comply with these four characteristics simultaneously. The experimental validation indicates that, in terms of predictive accuracy, the proposed model is better or on par to other machine learning based approaches. An interesting advantage of this method is the ability to summarize a dataset of real estate prices into a few “prototypes”, a set of the most representative properties.
New standard area diagram set for assessing black sigatoka in bananas
Authors: Pinzón-Núñez Andrés Mauricio , Feria-Gómez Diego Felipe , Pérez-Ochoa Gloria Marcela , Arango-Palacio Laura , Rey-Valenzuela Vicente Emilio , Hoyos-Carvajal Lilliana , Zapata-Henao Sebastián
Published: September 2024

Black sigatoka, or black leaf streak (BLS), is caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis and is the most important foliar disease in Musa production. Our goal was to develop a new standard area diagram set (SADs) with high-resolution digital images to aid in visual classification using a quantitative ordinal scale representing six disease severity ranges: 0 (0%), 1 (0 – 5%], 2 (5 – 13%], 3 (13 – 23%], 4 (23 – 40%], 5 (40 – 65%] and 6 (65—100%] and compare visual estimates of BLS severity on banana leaves with those using a previously developed ordinal scale. Three evaluations were conducted by thirteen evaluators and each evaluation was performed at seven-day intervals. The first assessment was done without a SADs. Evaluators subsequently performed two assessments with each the old ordinal scale and the novel SADs. Using the new SADs, evaluators precision, accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, and residual distributions were improved. The proposed SADs is a tool that helps users in more accurately estimating the severity of BLS.
Model order reduction for the input–output behavior of a geothermal energy storage
Authors: Takam Paul Honore , Wunderlich Ralf
Published: September 2024

In this article, we consider a geothermal energy storage system in which the spatio-temporal temperature distribution is modeled by a heat equation with a time-dependent convection term. Such storage systems are often embedded in residential heating systems. The control and management of such systems requires knowledge of aggregated characteristics of the temperature distribution in the storage. These describe the input–output behavior of the storage, the associated energy flows, and their response to charging and discharging processes. Our aim is to derive an efficient, approximate description of these characteristics by using low-dimensional systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). This leads to a model order reduction problem for a large-scale linear system of ODEs resulting from the semidiscretization of the heat equation combined with a linear algebraic output equation. In a first step, we approximated the nonautonomous system of ODEs by a linear time-invariant system. Then, we applied Lyapunov balanced truncation model order reduction to approximate the output by a reduced-order system that has only a few state equations but almost the same input–output behavior. The results of our extensive numerical experiments show the efficiency of the applied model order reduction method. We found that only a few suitably chosen ODEs are sufficient to achieve good approximations of the input–output behavior of the storage.
Between Rock and a Hard Place: Internal and External Psychological Control and Preschoolers’ Social-Emotional Adjustment
Authors: Guldeste Gulsen , Van der Kaap-Deeder Jolene , Mouratidis Athanasios
Published: September 2024

Although parental psychological control has been found to be detrimental to children’s psychological functioning, less is known about the role of internal and external maternal and paternal psychological control in preschoolers’ socio-emotional development. In this cross-sectional, multi-informant study, we rely on the self-determination theory to examine the relations between internal (i.e., guilt induction) and external (i.e., constraining verbal expressions and erratic emotional behavior) mother-reported and father-reported psychological control and preschoolers’ (N = 136; 51.5% males; Mage = 5.53, SD = 0.66 years) externalizing symptoms, internalizing symptoms, and social competence, as reported by their teachers. Regression analyses revealed unique relations between internal and external psychological control and preschoolers’ social-emotional adjustment. While external psychological control related negatively to preschoolers’ social competence and positively to anger-aggression, internal psychological control emerged as the unique predictor of anxiety-withdrawal. Importantly, the results indicated that these findings were consistent for both mothers and fathers. Our findings suggest that parental internal and external psychological control differentially relate to children’s socio-emotional adjustment in early childhood.
Mathematics teacher educators’ documents, praxeologies, and beliefs: a holistic model
Authors: Pocalana Gabriella , Robutti Ornella
Published: September 2024

The research presented in this paper aims to shed light on the complex role of mathematics teacher educators who led courses for prospective mathematics teachers. Theoretically, the research combines the documentational approach to didactics and the meta-didactical transposition frameworks, complementing the study with the analysis of the teacher educators’ beliefs about the prospective teachers’ needs. The methodology entails a comparative case study related to two courses, taking place in quite different contexts, led by the two authors independently, and a collaborative self-study of teacher education approach, based on eight reciprocal semi-structured interviews between the authors. The result is a holistic model of mathematics teacher educators’ work that takes into account their practices, including the design of teaching materials based on a variety of resources, justifying discourses and personal beliefs. This can deepen our insight into the expertise of mathematics teacher educators and, prospectively, can be fruitful for their professional development.
Mothers’ Views About Children’s Engagement in Domestic Violence Research
Authors: Mackey P. , Plath D. , Joosten A. , Moore T.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The voices of children remain overshadowed and marginalized in domestic violence research. Mothers with experiences of domestic violence are central to enabling children’s participation, but few studies focus on their views and perceptions about conducting this research with children. This article addresses this research gap and presents qualitative research undertaken in Australia with mothers on their views about children’s engagement in domestic violence research.

Methods

Eleven mothers participated in semi-structured interviews. The domestic violence service sector assisted in recruitment by approaching mothers living in a place of safety. Constructivist grounded theory along with interdisciplinary research, which drew on professional perspectives from social work and occupational therapy, underpinned the methodological approach and data was analyzed through a process of thematic network analysis.

Results

While not against children’s involvement in domestic violence research in principle, mothers reported concerns about whether researchers could safely engage children. The possible adverse consequences from children’s participation meant they were extremely reluctant to provide consent. Mothers expressed anxiety about the potential safety ramifications for children and mothers, particularly if the perpetrator found out about their involvement in research.

Conclusions

To best enable research, mothers said they needed assurance that the highest level of safeguarding existed, addressing physical safety considerations and emotional, psychological, and cultural safety. Demonstrating that research is trauma-safe, child-friendly, and in the child’s interests is important for gaining mothers’ consent.
Beyond Income: Exploring the Role of Household Wealth for Subjective Well-Being in Germany
Authors: Jantsch Antje , Le Blanc Julia , Schmidt Tobias
Published: September 2024

An individual's financial situation positively impacts her subjective well-being (SWB) according to the literature. However, most existing studies focus solely on income, neglecting other aspects of an individual's financial situation such as wealth. In this paper, we empirically examine the relationship between SWB, income, household wealth, and its components. Additionally, we explore the significance of one's wealth relative to others' for SWB. Our contribution expands the limited literature on absolute and relative wealth and SWB by utilizing unique microdata from a German wealth survey, the German Panel on Household Finances (PHF). Our findings indicate that both assets and debts, alongside income, are associated with an individual's SWB. In particular, a similar relative increase in financial assets is associated with a greater increase in SWB than the same percentage increase in real assets, and SWB decreases as the level of unsecured debt increases. Furthermore, individuals tend to experience decreased SWB when comparing themselves to others with more assets or less debt. Interestingly, we observe divergent effects of relative wealth on SWB among younger and older individuals. These results underscore the significance of considering wealth, in addition to income, when analyzing determinants of SWB.
Advancing Zn-ion Battery Electrodes: Exploring the Potential of Graphene-Polythiophene Nanocomposites through First-Principles Analysis
Authors: Adedoja Oluwaseye Samson , Adekoya Gbolahan Joseph , Sadiku Emmanuel Rotimi , Hamam Yskandar
Published: September 2024

This research investigates the electronic and electrochemical properties of graphene-polythiophene (G/Pth) nanocomposites, as potential anode materials for Zn-ion batteries. By capitalizing on the distinctive attributes of these constituent materials, the research aims to unravel critical aspects, such as: interaction studies, electronic structure, charge transfer, charge density difference, the density of states (DOS), theoretical specific capacity, open circuit voltage, Zn-ion diffusion, and the structural stability of G/Pth. The findings present compelling insights into the adsorption process, revealing an exothermic adsorption energy of -2.79 eV and an adsorption height of 3.51 Å for the polythiophene onto the graphene nanosheets. The loading of Zn atoms onto the G/Pth nanocomposite, yields a noteworthy maximum specific capacity of 585 mAh/g. The nanocomposite exhibits an exceptionally low Zn diffusion barrier of 6 meV, thereby, facilitating a swift Zn diffusion across its surface. These results suggest the promising potential of G/Pth nanocomposites as anode materials for Zn-ion batteries, and hence, providing valuable insights into their electronic and structural properties. It is believed that this study, has significantly, contributed to the advancement of the comprehension of polymer substrate-based energy storage materials. Also, it establishes a foundation for further research to develop more effective and efficient solutions for energy storage in Zn-ion batteries.

Graphical Abstract
Solving Two-stage Quadratic Multiobjective Problems via Optimality and Relaxations
Authors: Chuong Thai Doan , Yu Xinghuo , Liu Chen , Eberhard Andrew , Li Chaojie
Published: September 2024

This paper focuses on the study of robust two-stage quadratic multiobjective optimization problems. We formulate new necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for a robust two-stage multiobjective optimization problem. The obtained optimality conditions are presented by means of linear matrix inequalities and thus they can be numerically validated by using a semidefinite programming problem. The proposed optimality conditions can be elaborated further as second-order conic expressions for robust two-stage quadratic multiobjective optimization problems with separable functions and ellipsoidal uncertainty sets. We also propose relaxation schemes for finding a (weak) efficient solution of the robust two-stage multiobjective problem by employing associated semidefinite programming or second-order cone programming relaxations. Moreover, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the solution variety of our flexible models and the numerical verifiability of the proposed schemes.
Continuation of nonlinear normal modes using reduced-order models based on generalized characteristic value decomposition
Authors: Stein Dalton L. , Chelidze David
Published: September 2024

Over the past two decades, data-driven reduced-order modeling (ROM) strategies have gained significant traction in the nonlinear dynamics community. Currently, several challenges in physical interpretation and data availability remain overlooked in current methodologies. This work proposes a novel ROM methodology based on a newly proposed generalized characteristic value decomposition (GCVD) to address these obstacles. The GCVD-ROM approach proposes a new perspective toward data-driven ROMs via characterization of the dynamics before any ROM considerations are made. In doing so, a significant degree of versatility is inherited in the GCVD-ROM strategy, allowing our models to reproduce the full-scale dynamics in different regions of the parameter space at the cost of a single training data set. Our approach utilizes computationally efficient free-decay data sets alongside a windowed-decomposition scheme, allowing us to extract energy-dependent modal structures for use in model-order reduction. This is accomplished using the physically insightful characteristic values provided by the GCVD, which are shown to be directly related to the system poles at a particular response amplitude. This natural metric, paired with a resonance tracking scheme, allows us to address the difficulties associated with physical interpretation and data availability without sacrificing the convenient aspects of linear projection-based model order reduction. A computational framework for the continuation and bifurcation analysis using linear projection-based ROMs is also presented, permitting us to deploy rigorous analysis and bifurcation studies to verify that our ROMs reproduce the intrinsic complexity of full-scale systems. A detailed walk-through of the GCVD-ROM approach is demonstrated on a simple system where important practical considerations and implementation details are discussed using a concrete example. The discretized von Kármán beam and shallow arch partial differential equations are also used to explore complicated scenarios involving modal coupling across disparate time scales and internal resonances.
The dramaturgy of listening
Authors: Grygierczyk Artur Tomas
Published: September 2024

The literature on listening and daily discourse often describes an overly romanticized conception of listening, meaning what it should be in its ideal form. However, at most, this ideal is realized through the ‘masks’ that listeners ‘carry’ during their performance of listening. The ideal version that is being projected through the performance of listening is not cognruent with what actually happens behind the mask and performance. Individuals do not have the cognitive capacities to realize this unrealistic and unattainable ideal, but they have the capacity to act as if they do. Using Goffman’s (1959) dramaturgical account this paper reveals the psychological and social world that hides behind the mask and performance of listening in order to ground the theorizing of listening in a more realistic perspective. This account gives rise to novel and indispensable listening concepts: the definition of the situation, the sincere and cynical listener, undercurrent listening, and misrepresentations of listening. These concepts demonstrate that the study of interpersonal listening cannot be isolated from the dramaturgy of listening as (expressed) manners of listening are intricately and inherently embedded in social structure. This account also strongly contests the psychocentric and simplistic definition of listening as proposed by Kluger, A. N., & Mizrahi, M. (2023). Defining Listening: Can We Get Rid of the Adjectives? Current Opinion in Psychology, 101639.).
Secondary Students’ Perceptions of Teaching Quality and Teacher-Family Interaction: A Structural Equation Model
Authors: Hong Meiyang , Brown Gavin T. L.
Published: September 2024

Students’ perceptions of teaching quality and teachers’ interaction with their families, along with student self-efficacy and interest in a subject matter to performance. However, little is known about how student perceptions of teaching quality and teacher-family interactions in the subject of English relate to performance in reading comprehension. The current study explores how the teacher-related perceptions of New Zealand senior secondary students relate to their reading attitudes and tested reading comprehension. Partially mediated structural equation modelling revealed that students’ perceptions of teaching quality directly and positively influenced student self-efficacy, interest, and performance and indirectly through self-efficacy. However, perceptions of teacher-family interactions negatively influenced student self-efficacy and performance and were not related to interest. Although the model was statistically invariant across demographic variables, there were large latent mean differences across school decile bands for reading performance. These findings reinforce the importance of student perceptions of good teaching and raise challenges about how teachers interact with families.
Polyjuralism Meets Polyglotism: An LL.B. in Chinese Law and Global Legal Studies in the English Language
Authors: Tong Io Cheng , Neuwirth Rostam J. , Li Ke
Published: September 2024

The omnipresence of change has been singled out as posing an important challenge to law, both in theory and in practice, throughout its history. Arguably, the most efficient method of adapting the law to constant changes is legal education. Recent changes in the global arena have added to the complexity of the expected role of future legal talents, requiring them to acquire not only a profound knowledge of local and global laws but also a variety of legal as well as non-legal skills. This article presents some of the principal challenges faced by law schools and legal education in the world of today. These challenges are then explored using the example of a new Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) degree programme in Chinese Law and Global Legal Studies in the English Language that will be offered by the Faculty of Law of the University of Macau in Macao, China.