bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congo river, au delà des ténèbres: lueur d’espoir ou leurre?
Authors: De Raedt Thérèse
Published: July 2014

The documentary Congo River, Beyond Darkness by Belgian director Thierry Michel attempts to reveal a Democratic Republic of Congo that was slowly recovering, in 2004–2005 when the images were shot, from a succession of sociopolitical crises and wars. In this study I show that the director loses his way, through numerous digressions and arbitrary geographical diversions into the river’s tributaries, as he tries to follow the Congo river upstream from its mouth to its source. By integrating black and white footage from the colonial era with colour footage from the early twenty-first century, Michel brings provocative juxtapositions to the fore. At the same time, what he leaves unsaid does not help the viewer to ask the right questions about the past, understand the present, or glimpse the future with confidence. This article argues that the film’s montage reflects the civilizing myth that is propagated in Belgium regarding its former colony, as well as the discomfort of a director who is unable to establish a critical distance vis-à-vis his country’s colonial past. Thus, the film seems to represent a certain Belgian mentality that, at the dawn of the twenty-first century, still has not acknowledged nor taken responsibility for its history of colonization.

Le documentaire Congo River, au-delà des ténèbres du réalisateur belge Thierry Michel tente de présenter la République Démocratique du Congo, qui se redresse lentement, en 2004–2005 lorsque les images ont été filmées, d’une succession de crises et de guerres sociopolitiques. Dans cette étude je démontre que le réalisateur, qui voulait remonter le Congo de son embouchure à sa source, se perd dans de nombreuses digressions et s’éloigne du tracé géographique du fleuve. En intégrant des images en noir et blanc de l’époque coloniale à des images en couleur du début du XXIe siècle, Michel crée des juxtapositions qui provoquent. Toutefois, ce qu’il garde sous silence n’aide pas le spectateur à se poser de bonnes questions sur le passé, ni à mieux comprendre le présent, ni à entrevoir l’avenir avec confiance. Cet article soutient que le montage du film reflète le mythe civilisateur diffusé en Belgique à l’égard de son ancienne colonie, ainsi que le malaise d’un réalisateur qui n’arrive pas à établir une distance critique vis-à-vis du passé colonial de son pays. Le film semble dès lors être le reflet d’une certaine mentalité belge qui, à l’aube du XXIe siècle, n’a pas encore reconnu ni osé remettre en question son histoire coloniale.
Ruben Östlund’s Play (2011): Race and segregation in ‘good’ liberal Sweden
Authors: Karlsson Helena
Published: July 2014

This article analyses Ruben Östlund’s film Play (2011) in the context of the current debate on race, racism and multiculturalism in Sweden. It discusses the social roles in Play as an effect of existing racial and class segregation, arguing that the film’s critical gaze is directed mainly towards the liberal white discourse, on the one hand politically correct and tolerant, on the other hand closed to difference. The black boys’ petty crime represents a subversion of the liberal white hegemony in which they are included only as different and ‘Other’. Östlund also dares to ask the both pertinent and most taboo question about multiculturalism in Europe today: What are the negative effects of drastic demographic changes?
The Campaign for Atlanta: An Act of Research
Authors:   John Q, Chenault Wesley , Ditzler Andy , Orr Joey
Published: July 2014

The Campaign for Atlanta: an essay on queer migration was a public event presented by the John Q collective (Wesley Chenault, Andy Ditzler, and Joey Orr) on May 17 and 18, 2013 at the Atlanta Cyclorama and Civil War Museum. It was a performative essay form that investigated a palimpsest of civil war histories and fragments of regional and national queer migrations. This article begins to make explicit the issues explored in the performance: namely, the divergent ways in which the past is linked to place by various technologies of sight and their very different historical worldviews. Written for a special issue on activism, the article makes the case that activating archives in public situations allows scholarship to expand its purview, to include nontraditional configurations and interdisciplinary methods as a way of linking scholarly content to artistic form.
A case of monoidal uniqueness of algebraic models
Authors: Roitzheim Constanze
Published: July 2014

We prove that there is at most one algebraic model for modules over the

K
(
1
)

${K(1)}$

-local sphere at odd primes that retains some monoidal information.
A Leptin-Mediated Central Mechanism in Analgesia-Enhanced Opioid Reward in Rats
Authors: Lim Grewo , Kim Hyangin , McCabe Michael F. , Chou Chiu-Wen , Wang Shuxing , Chen Lucy L. , Marota John J.A. , Blood Anne , Breiter Hans C. , Mao Jianren
Published: July 2014

Opioid analgesics are commonly used in chronic pain management despite a potential risk of rewarding. However, it remains unclear whether opioid analgesia would enhance the opioid rewarding effect thereby contributing to opioid rewarding. Utilizing a rat paradigm of conditioned place preference (CPP) combined with ankle monoarthritis as a condition of persistent nociception, we showed that analgesia induced by either morphine or the nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen increased CPP scores in arthritic rats, suggesting that analgesia itself had a rewarding effect. However, arthritic rats exhibited a significantly higher CPP score in response to morphine than ibuprofen. Thus, the rewarding effect of morphine was enhanced in the presence of persistent nociception, producing a phenomenon of analgesia-enhanced opioid reward. At the cellular level, administration of morphine activated a cascade of leptin expression, glial activation, and dopamine receptor upregulation in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), while administration of ibuprofen decreased glial activation with no effect on leptin expression in the NAc. Furthermore, the morphine rewarding effect was blocked in leptin deficient
ob/ob
mice or by neutralizing leptin or interleukin-1β in the NAc without diminishing morphine analgesia. The data indicate that systemic opioid can activate a leptin-mediated central mechanism in the NAc that led to the enhanced opioid rewarding effect. These findings provide evidence for an interaction between opioid analgesia and opioid rewarding, which may have implications in clinical opioid dose escalation in chronic pain management.
Long-Term Potentiation in Hilar Circuitry Modulates Gating by the Dentate Gyrus
Authors: Wright Brandon J. , Jackson Meyer B.
Published: July 2014

The dentate gyrus serves as a gateway to the hippocampus, filtering and processing sensory inputs as an animal explores its environment. The hilus occupies a strategic position within the dentate gyrus from which it can play a pivotal role in these functions. Inputs from dentate granule cells converge on the hilus, and excitatory hilar mossy cells redistribute these signals back to granule cells to transform a pattern of cortical input into a new pattern of output to the hippocampal CA3 region. Using voltage-sensitive dye to image electrical activity in rat hippocampal slices, we explored how long-term potentiation (LTP) of different excitatory synapses modifies the flow of information. Theta burst stimulation of the perforant path potentiated responses throughout the molecular layer, but left responses in the CA3 region unchanged. By contrast, theta burst stimulation of the granule cell layer potentiated responses throughout the molecular layer, as well as in the CA3 region. Theta burst stimulation of the granule cell layer potentiated CA3 responses not only to granule cell layer stimulation but also to perforant path stimulation. Potentiation of responses in the CA3 region reflected NMDA receptor-dependent LTP of upstream synapses between granule cells and mossy cells, with no detectable contribution from NMDA receptor-independent LTP of local CA3 mossy fiber synapses. Potentiation of transmission to the CA3 region required LTP in both granule cell→mossy cell and mossy cell→granule cell synapses. This bidirectional plasticity enables hilar circuitry to regulate the flow of information through the dentate gyrus and on to the hippocampus.
Phasic Dopamine Neuron Activity Elicits Unique Mesofrontal Plasticity in Adolescence
Authors: Mastwal Surjeet , Ye Yizhou , Ren Ming , Jimenez Dennisse V. , Martinowich Keri , Gerfen Charles R. , Wang Kuan Hong
Published: July 2014

The mesofrontal dopaminergic circuit, which connects the midbrain motivation center to the cortical executive center, is engaged in control of motivated behaviors. In addition, deficiencies in this circuit are associated with adolescent-onset psychiatric disorders in humans. Developmental studies suggest that the mesofrontal circuit exhibits a protracted maturation through adolescence. However, whether the structure and function of this circuit are modifiable by activity in dopaminergic neurons during adolescence remains unknown. Using optogenetic stimulation and
in vivo
two-photon imaging in adolescent mice, we found that phasic, but not tonic, dopamine neuron activity induces the formation of mesofrontal axonal boutons. In contrast, in adult mice, the effect of phasic activity diminishes. Furthermore, our results showed that dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission regulate this axonal plasticity in adolescence and inhibition of dopamine D2-type receptors restores this plasticity in adulthood. Finally, we found that phasic activation of dopamine neurons also induces greater changes in mesofrontal circuit activity and psychomotor response in adolescent mice than in adult mice. Together, our findings demonstrate that the structure and function of the mesofrontal circuit are modifiable by phasic activity in dopaminergic neurons during adolescence and suggest that the greater plasticity in adolescence may facilitate activity-dependent strengthening of dopaminergic input and improvement in behavioral control.
Epigenetic Modification of Spinal miR-219 Expression Regulates Chronic Inflammation Pain by Targeting CaMKIIγ
Authors: Pan Zhiqiang , Zhu Li-Jiao , Li Yan-Qiang , Hao Ling-Yun , Yin Cui , Yang Jun-Xia , Guo Yubai , Zhang Song , Hua Lu , Xue Zhou-Ya , Zhang Hongxing , Cao Jun-Li
Published: July 2014

Emerging evidence has shown that miRNA-mediated gene expression modulation contributes to chronic pain, but its functional regulatory mechanism remains unknown. Here, we found that complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammation pain significantly reduced miRNA-219 (miR-219) expression in mice spinal neurons. Furthermore, the expression of spinal CaMKIIγ, an experimentally validated target of miR-219, was increased in CFA mice. Overexpression of spinal miR-219 prevented and reversed thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia and spinal neuronal sensitization induced by CFA. Concurrently, increased expression of spinal CaMKIIγ was reversed by miR-219 overexpression. Downregulation of spinal miR-219 in naive mice induced pain-responsive behaviors and increased p-NMDAR1 expression, which could be inhibited by knockdown of CaMKIIγ. Bisulfite sequencing showed that CFA induced the hypermethylation of CpG islands in the miR-219 promoter. Treatment with demethylation agent 5′-aza-2′-deoxycytidine markedly attenuated pain behavior and spinal neuronal sensitization, which was accompanied with the increase of spinal miR-219 and decrease of CaMKIIγ expression. Together, we conclude that methylation-mediated epigenetic modification of spinal miR-219 expression regulates chronic inflammatory pain by targeting CaMKIIγ.
Hospital care for primary hyperparathyroidism in Italy: a 6-year register-based study
Authors: Cipriani Cristiana , Carnevale Vincenzo , Biamonte Federica , Piemonte Sara , Pepe Jessica , Nieddu Luciano , Bilezikian John P , Minisola Salvatore
Published: July 2014

Objective

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is one of the most frequently diagnosed endocrine disorders, but few studies have focused on hospital management of the disease in Europe. We investigated the frequency of hospital admission for diagnosis and surgical treatment of PHPT in Italy.

Design

A retrospective study was conducted for investigating the hospital care for PHPT in Italy.

Methods

We retrieved data from the ‘Record of Hospital Discharge’ of the Italian Health Ministry, from 2006 to 2011, and analyzed the codes corresponding to PHPT-related diagnoses and surgical procedures.

Results

Overall, 46 275 hospitalization episodes for PHPT were identified during the entire period (69% in women and 31% in men; mean age 63.3±39.8 years). Patients' mean age significantly increased during the years (P<0.001). The mean length of stay was 8.2±10.5 days (28% of the episodes requiring <3 days of stay). Admissions for surgical procedures were 12 457 accounting for 26.9% of the total hospitalizations. There was a trend to a significant increase in the percentage of surgery (P<0.05). The mean hospitalization rate for PHPT was 12.9/100 000 inhabitants per year and the trend showed a significant decrease during the period of 2006–2011 (P<0.0001). The mean hospitalization rate for PHPT surgery was 3.65/100 000 per year, which significantly increased over time (P<0.001).

Conclusions

PHPT considerably influences the Italian Hospital healthcare system. We observed a tendency to a decrease in the frequency of hospitalization during the period of 2006–2011, most probably because of economic issues, a concomitant increased age of patients, and, interestingly, also a progressive increase in the percentage of surgical treatment among patients admitted for PHPT.
A multianalyte PCR blood test outperforms single analyte ELISAs (chromogranin A, pancreastatin, neurokinin A) for neuroendocrine tumor detection
Authors: Modlin Irvin M , Drozdov Ignat , Alaimo Daniele , Callahan Stephen , Teixiera Nancy , Bodei Lisa , Kidd Mark
Published: July 2014

A critical requirement in neuroendocrine tumor (NET) management is a sensitive, specific and reproducible blood biomarker test. We evaluated a PCR-based 51 transcript signature (NETest) and compared it to chromogranin A (CgA), pancreastatin (PST) and neurokinin A (NKA). The multigene signature was evaluated in two groups: i) a validation set of 40 NETs and controls and ii) a prospectively collected group of NETs (n=41, 61% small intestinal, 50% metastatic, 44% currently treated and 41 age-sex matched controls). Samples were analyzed by a two-step PCR (51 marker genes) protocol and ELISAs for CgA, PST and NKA. Sensitivity comparisons includedχ2, non-parametric measurements, ROC curves and predictive feature importance (PFAI) analyses. NETest identified 38 of 41 NETs. Performance metrics were: sensitivity 92.8%, specificity 92.8%, positive predictive value 92.8% and negative predictive value 92.8%. Single analyte ELISA metrics were: CgA 76, 59, 65, and 71%; PST 63, 56, 59, and 61% and NKA 39, 93, 84, and 60%. The AUCs (ROC analysis) were: NETest: 0.96±0.025, CgA: 0.67±0.06, PST 0.56±0.06, NKA: 0.66±0.06. NETest significantly outperformed single analyte tests (area differences: 0.284–0.403,Z-statistic 4.85–5.9,P<0.0001). PFAI analysis determined NETest had most value (69%) in diagnosis (CgA (13%), PST (9%), and NKA (9%)). Test data were consistent with the validation set (NETest >95% sensitivity and specificity, AUC =0.98 vs single analytes: 59–67% sensitivity, AUCs: 0.58–0.63). The NETest is significantly more sensitive and efficient (>93%) than single analyte assays (CgA, PST or NKA) in NET diagnosis. Blood-based multigene analytic measurement will facilitate early detection of disease recurrence and can predict therapeutic efficacy.
The role of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 in the development of colitis-associated cancer in mouse model
Authors: Liu Yunxin , Fang Xianjun , Yuan Jie , Sun Zongxing , Li Chuanhua , Li Rong , Li Li , Zhu Chao , Wan Rong , Guo Rui , Jin Lai , Li Shengnan
Published: July 2014

Patients with ulcerative colitis are at a very high risk of developing colorectal cancer. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) family peptides and their receptors (CRHRs) are found to modulate inflammation and tumor cell growth. However, the role of CRH family peptides and their receptors in the inflammation-related colon cancer is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the functions of CRHR1 signaling on the development of colitis-associated cancer (CAC).Crhr1-deficient (Crhr1−/−) mice were used to explore the role of CRHR1 in the development of azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CAC. WT (Crhr1+/+) littermates were set as control. We found that the expression of CRHR1 and its endogenous ligands: urocortin and CRH were enhanced in the colon ofCrhr1+/+mice during treatment with AOM and DSS. Tumorigenesis was significantly reduced inCrhr1−/−mice, determined by analysis of survival rate (increased by 20%), weight loss (decreased by 10%), tumor formation (decreased by 60% in tumor number), histological scores (decreased by 58%), and cytokine production. During early CAC tumorigenesis,Crhr1−/−mice exhibited much less tumorigenesis, accompanied by lower inflammatory response, including decreased IL1β, IL6 and TNFα expression and macrophage infiltration and increased IL10 expression. Moreover,Crhr1−/−mice displayed a reduced activation of NFκB and STAT3 phosphorylation with decreased proliferating and enhanced apoptotic cells in the colon. In conclusion, CRHR1 has a proinflammatory and therefore a protumorigenesis effect in terms of CAC, which may be helpful to develop new therapeutic approaches for inflammation and cancer prevention and treatment.
Ocorrência de algas cianofíticas em água de dessedentação de bovinos criados extensivamente
Authors: Silva Ariane C. , Souza Aires M. , Dutra Iveraldo S.
Published: July 2014

Na pecuária extensiva, os bebedouros naturais ou artificiais possibilitam o acesso direto dos bovinos ao seu interior e trazem como consequência a degradação da qualidade da água e o aumento dos riscos sanitários. Em tais circunstâncias ocorre a eutrofização e consequentemente a floração de algas, dentre elas cianobactérias toxigênicas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar a ocorrência de cianobactérias de interesse sanitário em água de dessedentação de bovinos e descrever os seus parâmetros físico-químicos pH, temperatura e oxigênio dissolvido. Foram examinadas 19 amostras de água de cacimbas ou bebedouros naturais formados predominantemente em decorrência da precipitação pluviométrica, coletadas em seis propriedades rurais localizadas nas regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste, para a presença de cianobactérias e mensurados os valores de pH, temperatura e oxigênio dissolvido. Microcystis e/ou Merismopedia foram detectadas em dois bebedouros; em um dos quais havia intensa floração. Os valores de pH, temperatura e oxigênio dissolvido nas 19 coleções oscilaram entre pH 7,2-9,7, 31-34ºC e 7,8-30mg/l, respectivamente. Foram detectadas ainda algas consideradas não patogênicas de diversos gêneros, em conjunto ou não com a ocorrência das cianofíticas. Nessas condições, as práticas comuns de oferta de água de dessedentação na bovinocultura extensiva, as possibilidades de eutrofização e a contaminação por cianobactérias trazem potenciais riscos à saúde dos animais.
Aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos e moleculares da dermatosparaxia em ovinos White Dorper
Authors: Andrade Danilo Giorgi A. , Pavan Leonardo Fabrício , Amorim Rogério M. , Chiacchio Simone B. , Laufer-Amorim Renée , Gonçalves Roberto C. , Borges Alexandre S. , Oliveira-Filho José P.
Published: July 2014

Dermatosparaxia em animais é uma doença autossômica recessiva do tecido conjuntivo caracterizada por fragilidade e hiperextensibilidade cutânea. A doença em ovinos White Dorper é provocada pela mutação c.421G>T no gene ADAMmetalopeptidase com trombospondina tipo 1 motif, 2 (ADAMTS2). O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os achados clínicos, moleculares e histopatológicos da dermatosparaxia em ovinos White Dorper de um rebanho localizado no Centro-Oeste Paulista. O rebanho era composto por nove animais, sendo um reprodutor, quatro matrizes e seus respectivos borregos. Dos nove animais examinados, dois apresentavam sinais clínicos compatíveis com dermatosparaxia. O exame histopatológico de amostras cutâneas das lesões destes dois animais revelou também achados compatíveis com dermatosparaxia, sendo caracterizados por epiderme e anexos cutâneos preservados e sem características atípicas; colágeno displásico arranjado em feixes pequenos, fragmentados e com focos de degeneração, anexos cutâneos proeminentes e na região da derme foco hemorrágico intenso associado a moderado infiltrado neutrofílico na derme profunda. Com o objetivo de realizar o diagnóstico molecular da enfermidade, uma PCR foi padronizada utilizando primers específicos desenhados para amplificar a região do gene ADAMTS2 que continha a mutação c.421G>T e o DNA obtido de amostras de sangue de todos os animais do rebanho. O sequenciamento direto dos produtos da PCR, comprovou que os dois animais clinicamente afetados possuíam a mutação responsável pela dermatosparaxia. A metodologia descrita neste estudo possibilitou o diagnóstico definitivo da doença. Segundo a literatura consultada, esta é a primeira vez que a dermatosparaxia é descrita em ovinos White Dorper no Brasil. A metodologia aqui descrita poderá ser empregada em estudos futuros que avaliem a prevalência desta mutação no Brasil, possibilitando a adoção de medidas que previnam a disseminação dessa mutação no rebanho brasileiro de ovinos White Dorper.
Os ramos colaterais da aorta abdominal em jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis)
Authors: Pinheiro Luane L. , Araújo Elenara B. , Lima Ana Rita de , Martins Danielli M. , Melul Raysa , Souza Ana Carla B. , Pereira Luiza C. , Branco Érika
Published: July 2014

A jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis) é uma das espécies de felino silvestre que pouco foi investigada quanto a sua morfologia. Assim, o estudo objetivou detalhar a origem e distribuição dos ramos colaterais da aorta abdominal deste animal. Avaliou-se dois exemplares, sendo um macho e uma fêmea, jovens, provenientes de Paragominas-PA, doados ao Laboratório de Pesquisa Morfológica Animal (LaPMA) da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA). O sistema arterial foi preenchido com látex pigmentado de vermelho e os cadáveres foram preservados com solução de formaldeído tamponado a 10%. A aorta abdominal do L. pardalis teve origem entre T12 e L1, sendo a artéria celíaca o primeiro ramo visceral no sentido crânio-caudal, resultando nas artérias hepática, gástrica esquerda e esplênica. A artéria mesentérica cranial surgiu como segundo ramo da aorta abdominal, originando as artérias jejunais. Na sequência localizamos artéria pancreáticoduodenal caudal, artérias ileais, artérias ileocólicas, artérias renais direita e esquerda, artérias adrenais direita e esquerda e artérias ováricas ou testiculares direita e esquerda. Parietalmente, a aorta abdominal originou em média seis ramos lombares, bem como a artéria frenicoabdominal, as artérias circunflexas ilíacas profundas e artérias ilíacas externa e interna. A aorta abdominal gerou ainda a artéria mesentérica caudal, a qual dividiu-se em artérias cólica esquerda e retal cranial. A artéria cólica esquerda seguiu cranialmente paralela ao cólon descendente irrigando-o, originando em média 18 ramos, e anastomosando-se com a artéria cólica média. A artéria retal cranial seguiu em direção caudal distribuindo oito ramos à porção final do cólon descendente e ao reto, e uniu-se com a artéria retal média. Por fim, a aorta abdominal emitiu como ramo terminal a artéria sacral mediana. A vascularização arterial abdominal desta espécie é bastante semelhante ao descrito em felinos domésticos e demais mamíferos, com diferenças quanto ao número de artérias jejunais e origem das artérias renais.
O papel da oferta e da demanda por qualificação na evolução do diferencial de salários por nível educacional no Brasil
Authors: Pecora Alexandre Reggi , Menezes-Filho Naercio
Published: July 2014

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o impacto da oferta e da demanda por trabalho qualificado sobre o diferencial de salários entre trabalhadores de elevada e baixa qualificação para o Brasil, durante o período de 1992 a 2009. Para tanto, foi utilizado um modelo microeconômico de oferta e demanda por trabalho qualificado, em que o grupo de baixa qualificação é formado por uma combinação CES entre o grupo intermediário e não qualificado. Os resultados apontam para uma elevação do diferencial de salários entre o trabalho de elevada qualificação (com ensino superior) e baixa qualificação (com ensino médio ou ensino básico) no período de 1992 a 2001, impulsionada pelo aumento da demanda por trabalho qualificado. Porém, no período de 2002 a 2009, houve uma pequena diminuição desse diferencial, determinada pela intensificação da oferta relativa de trabalho qualificado que ocorreu durante esse período.
La Iglesia Católica de Chile y el proyecto de la Buena Prensa: La experiencia en la Arquidiócesis de Santiago, 1906-1936
Authors: Loyola Manuel
Published: July 2014

Inserto en el campo de historia comunicacional, el presente artículo se interroga por las condiciones y características que asumió en Chile la iniciativa internacional de la Buena Prensa (BP), impulsada por el Vaticano desde finales del siglo XIX hasta mediados del XX. En el mismo se sostienen las hipótesis de que la BP constituyó una acción de modernización de la comunicación católica mundial, así como una adecuada estrategia de participación en el naciente campo comunicacional donde comenzaron a tener lugar las disputas por la influencia y control de la opinión pública letrada y no letrada a inicios del siglo XX en Chile. Finalmente, este es la parte inicial de una serie de tres trabajos sobre la BP chilena, donde desarrollaremos diversos aspectos empíricos de su puesta en marcha.
"Islam" as the national identity for the formation of Pakistan: the political thought of Muhammad Iqbal and Abu'l 'Ala Mawdudi
Authors: Mohomed Carimo
Published: July 2014

In 1930, Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) devised for the first time the creation of a separate state for the Indian Muslims, for whom, according to him, the main formative force through History had been Islam. Although predicated upon secular ideologies, the Pakistan movement was able to mobilize the masses only by appealing to Islam. Nationalism became dependent on Islam and, as a result, politicized the faith. A number of Muslim religious and communal organizations pointed to the importance of promoting Muslim nationalism, political consciousness and communal interests. As the creation of Pakistan became more and more likely, Abu'l 'Ala Mawdudi (1903-1979) increased his attacks on the Muslim League, objecting to the idea of Muslim nationalism because it would exclude Islam from India. The increasingly communal character of the Indian politics of the time, and the appeal made to religious symbols in the formulation of new political alliances and programmes by various Muslim groups as well as Muslim League leaders, created a climate in which Mawdudi's theological discourse found understanding and relevance. This paper, using especially the political thought of Muhammad Iqbal and Abu'l 'Ala Mawdudi, analyses how Islam was used to justify a separate state for the Indian Muslims, and the impacts on and challengesto the political process and its evolution, at the same time that it concludes that "Islam", as a political symbol, can have many forms according to the ideas previously held by those who use it.
Comunicação científica e ontologias: uma pesquisa no Library and Information Science Abstracts
Authors: Fachin Gleisy Regina Bóries , Santos Raimundo Nonato Macedo dos , Rodrigues Rosângela Schwarz
Published: July 2014

Este artigo relata análise de busca realizada na base de dados da Library and Information Science Abstracts, com os termos comunicação científica e as ontologias. O objetivo foi analisar bases de dados referenciais, com ênfase na padronização dos metadados e a interoperabilidade entre sistemas. A metodologia é exploratória e descritiva, documental e quantiqualitativa, usando os softwares bibliométricos Infotrans e Dataview para tratamento dos 129 resultados obtidos no levantamento bibliográfico para tabulação e análise dos dados. Conclui que as bases de dados diferem significativamente entre si, o que implica a necessidade de padronização e de rigor na inserção de metadados para viabilizar resultados eficientes e precisos nas buscas realizadas e o uso de recursos bibliométricos para a análise e discussão dos documentos obtidos, refinando os indicadores quantitativos da produção científica.
A epistemologia de John Dewey e o letramento informacional
Authors: Gasque Kelley Cristine Gonçalves Dias , Cunha Marcus Vinícius da
Published: July 2014

Este artigo discute o conceito de 'pensamento reflexivo' a partir da contextualização do legado intelectual de John Dewey. A reflexão se insere como elemento fundamental para a construção das competências necessárias à busca e ao uso da informação e, consequentemente, para o desenvolvimento pessoal e coletivo. Como o hábito de pensar reflexivamente no processo de letramento informacional é uma forma de aprender, igualmente algumas questões do ensino-aprendizagem são debatidas. A discussão sustenta se na suposição de que o pensamento reflexivo é uma estratégia cognitiva que possibilita a compreensão mais profunda das questões, fenômenos e processos por meio da percepção das relações, da identificação dos elementos envolvidos, da análise e interpretação dos sentidos e significados, potencializando o processo de letramento informacional.
Novas perspectivas no processamento e divulgação de informações públicas
Authors: Mazini Elizabeth Sardelli , Lara Marilda Lopes Ginez de
Published: July 2014

O presente estudo aborda questões relacionadas à organização e à recepção da informação no contexto dos serviços e dos sistemas de informação pública impulsionados pela tecnologia. Parte-se do pressuposto de que na sociedade "tecnologizada," a distância entre usuários e informação é, quase sempre, uma distância cognitiva e sociocultural, fruto da nossa dificuldade em desenhar a comunicação. Nesse contexto, privilegiamos a abordagem da informação como signo, procurando responder como uma mensagem documentária transforma-se em informação, isto é, uma estrutura reconhecida como útil socialmente. Observando os aspectos estruturais, cognitivos e comunicativos da mensagem documentária, com base na Linguística Documentária, na Terminologia e na Linguística Textual, é analisada a política de gestão do conhecimento e inovação do Governo do Estado de São Paulo, que autoriza o uso da web 2.0, questionando-se em que medida a iniciativa representa inovações no ambiente das bibliotecas.
Redes sociais virtuais: premissas teóricas ao estudo em ciência da informação
Authors: Cruz Ruleandson do Carmo
Published: July 2014

Este artigo revisa trabalhos científicos de pesquisadores dedicados ao estudo das redes sociais - principalmente das redes sociais virtuais -, com enfoque em pontos relevantes ao campo da ciência da informação. Descreve teoricamente as redes sociais, as redes sociais virtuais, os sites de redes sociais virtuais e as comunidades virtuais. Conceitua os elementos de análise em redes sociais e em redes sociais virtuais. Caracteriza a informação circulante no contexto das redes sociais virtuais, bem como o usuário da informação online, o fluxo informacional e os elementos constituintes do capital social compartilhado em redes sociais formadas no ciberespaço. Apresenta constatações teóricas básicas ao estudo da informação em sites de redes sociais virtuais, dentre outros apontamentos.
Max Weber e o problema dos valores: as justificativas para a neutralidade axiológica
Authors: Weiss Raquel
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo versa sobre um dos temas mais centrais das ciências sociais em geral e da obra weberiana em particular, qual seja, o debate em torno do engajamento ou do distanciamento do cientista em relação à realidade social que constitui seu objeto. No decorrer deste texto é realizado um escrutínio da posição de Max Weber em torno dessa questão, que é condensada na sua defesa de uma postura de "neutralidade axiológica". Mais do que identificar o sentido atribuído a esta ideia, o objetivo que norteou a pesquisa foi o de apreender as justificativas apresentadas por Weber para conferir sustentação a essa premissa. A primeira etapa da pesquisa consistiu em uma uma leitura estrutural de todos os textos de Max Weber que versam sobre o tema em questão e que compõem a coletânea Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Wissenschaftslehre, conforme explicitado de modo detalhado na segunda seção do artigo. A partir disso foram selecionados todos os trechos contendo a expressão "neutralidade axiológia" e outros termos correlatos, apresentados na tabela em anexo. Esses trechos foram então classificados e analisados em relação ao seu conteúdo, com o intuito de apreender as justificativas apresentadas pelo autor. Ao final, todos esses dados foram mobilizados e sintetizado de modo a se produzir considerações mais gerais sobre a teoria do autor em questão. O principal resultado da investigação, que é aqui apresentado, é uma compreensão mais ampla e profunda das justificativas subjacentes a uma das posições mais cruciais da sociologia weberiana, e que permite um posicionamento mais bem informado em relação a essa temática que ainda se mantém como um dos pilares das reflexões epistemológicas nas ciências sociais contemporâneas. Portanto, o artigo contribui para o debate lançando uma nova luz sobre as premissas que estruturam a defesa do princípio da neutralidade axiológica, explicitando que a defesa de tal princípio se deve a uma pluralidade de justificativas. Além disso, a discussão aqui apresentada permite compreender com mais clareza as consequências dessa defesa da neutralidade axiológica para a ciência e para a vida social.
Divergência genética entre touros da raça Gir
Authors: Muniz Noely Francisca Matos , Ferraz Filho Paulo Bahiense , Silva Luiz Otávio Campos da , Bello Aline Barbosa da Silveira , Souza Júlio César de
Published: July 2014

Estudou-se a divergência genética entre 73 reprodutores da raça Gir, por meio de medidas de dissimilaridade, métodos de agrupamento e análises gráficas por componentes principais, com base nas diferenças esperadas em suas progênies relativas a caracteres ponderais e reprodutivos. As distâncias Euclidianas médias padronizadas obtidas foram 4,3743 entre os mais dissimilares e 0,1135 para os mais similares. Quatro grupos de reprodutores com a mesma similaridade foram obtidos por métodos de agrupamento por otimização. Os três primeiros componentes principais explicaram 82,01% da variância total, o primeiro explicou 37,09%, o segundo respondeu por 26,58% e o terceiro por 18,34% da variância. Os escores dos componentes principais possibilitaram a avaliação visual da divergência genética, por meio de gráficos de dispersão. Os resultados encontrados permitiram identificar entre os animais avaliados, os mais divergentes, recomendando que suas progênies possam ser utilizadas como genitores de acasalamentos em programas de melhoramento que visem obter bezerros com melhor desempenho que os pais.
Dialogia na persuasão "publicitária"
Authors: Pistori Maria Helena Cruz
Published: July 2014

Este artigo analisa duas publicidades da mesma marca, produzidas em mídias locais diferentes: França e Brasil. Seu objetivo é a busca da inter-relação e do nexo necessários entre o verbal, o visual e o extraverbal na produção e compreensão dos efeitos de sentido persuasivos. Como fundamentação teórico-metodológica são utilizados conceitos da antiga e da nova Retórica, aliados a noções e categorias advindas da análise dialógica do discurso, de inspiração na obra de Bakhtin e do Círculo. Nas publicidades selecionadas, observamos o modo como refletem e refratam a realidade de forma tensa e como isso se expressa nos enunciados concretos, a partir das coerções do gênero. Na análise dos efeitos de sentidos neles produzidos, destacamos, especialmente, a presença da persuasão nas diferentes relações dialógicas que os textos permitem, a importância do auditório na construção dos efeitos de sentido persuasivos dos textos e a proximidade do gênero com o gênero epidítico da antiga retórica. A construção persuasiva expressa-se nas relações dialógicas entre amplas e diferentes esferas da atividade humana, em conexão com a organização da vida social, o espaço e o tempo, e dirige-se não propriamente à aquisição de um produto, mas à adesão a um modo de vida próprio, ligado aos valores ideológicos do privilégio.
Effects of B Vitamin Deletion in Chemically Defined Diets on Brood Development in Camponotus vicinus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Mankowski Mark E. , Morrell J. J.
Published: July 2014

The potential contributions of B vitamins by a yeast associate to the nutrition of the carpenter ant Camponotus vicinus Mayr was examined as part of an effort to develop a chemically defined diet. This diet was used to test the effects of individual B vitamin and other nutrient deletions on larval development. The chemically defined diet contained amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and other growth factors in a liquid sucrose matrix. C. vicinus worker colonies with third- and fourth-instar larvae were fed a complete artificial diet or that diet with a component deleted for a 12-wk period. There was a significant effect of diet on larval growth and number of adult worker ants produced in the overall nutrient deletion test, but ant development was often better on incomplete diets with one B vitamin deleted compared with the complete holidic basal diet. Thiamine deletion resulted in significantly higher brood weights compared with the complete diet. Diets of sugar water plus all B vitamins, sugar water only, or a diet minus all B vitamins and cholesterol were associated with significantly lower brood weights. Significantly more adult worker ants were produced by worker colonies fed diets minus cholesterol, choline, thiamine, or riboflavin compared with the complete basal diet. The results suggest that the diet, while suitable for rearing, could benefit from further study to better define component levels. The potential relationship of C. vicinus with yeast associates is discussed in relation to further studies.
Tangible capital asset ontology in infrastructure management
Authors: Zeb Jehan , Froese Thomas
Published: July 2014

Infrastructure organisations own, operate and manage infrastructure systems to provide uninterrupted services to various communities. To manage infrastructure systems (composed of a set of interrelated and interconnected tangible capital assets (TCAs)), infrastructure organisations use a range of computer and paper-based information systems. Municipal infrastructure organisations find it difficult to exchange the TCA data with other agencies as part of the reporting requirements due to some issues: heterogeneity of data format, lack of formal descriptions of various classes of data and lack of component-wise aggregation of data. To address these issues, an ontology of TCAs was developed using an eleven-step approach. The tangible capital asset ontology (TCA_Onto) represents knowledge in the facility and four infrastructure sectors: transportation, water, wastewater and solid waste management, which was used to formalise message templates for the asset inventory and condition assessment reporting/TCA reporting. The formalised message templates were implemented in a prototype asset information integrator system developed as part of this research work. The TCA_Onto was verified and validated as part of the evaluation using a criteria-based approach.
Dynamic behaviour of normal-strength carbonate aggregate concrete at temperatures up to 800°C
Authors: Huo Jingsi , Wang Peng , Yu Qi , He Yuanming
Published: July 2014

The impact resistance of normal-strength carbonate concrete at elevated temperatures up to 800°C was experimentally studied using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The SHPB impact tests focused on the effects of concrete design strengths, high temperature and strain rate on the dynamic behaviour of concrete at elevated temperatures. The stress–time and strain–time curves of the tested specimens were recorded to analyse the impact behaviour of concrete at elevated temperatures. The influences of static compressive strength, high temperature and strain rate on the dynamic peak strength of concrete are discussed. The test results show that the strain rate effect of concrete at elevated temperature is significantly different from that of concrete at room temperature. Within the scope of the SHPB impact tests in this work, the strain rate effects of concrete at 200°C and 300°C are obviously higher than at room temperature. Concrete heated to 400°C was found to recover to around the same level of the dynamic strength increase factor (DIF) values of concrete at 20°C. The strain rate effects of concrete at 600°C and 800°C deteriorated sharply compared with those of concrete at room temperature and lower than 600°C. This paper also shows that a previously recommended formula for the DIF is not suitable for predicting the dynamic behaviour of concrete at temperatures higher than 400°C.
Feasibility of Using a Seismic Surface Wave Method to Study Seasonal and Weather Effects on Shallow Surface Soils
Authors: Lu Zhiqu
Published: July 2014

The objective of this paper is to study the feasibility of using a seismic surface wave method to investigate seasonal and weather effects on shallow surface soils. In the study, temporal variations of subsurface soil properties were measured and monitored by using a combination of a new seismic surface method and an existing acoustic probe system. A laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV)-based multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method is developed to measure the soil profile in terms of shear wave velocity at depths up to a few meters. While the conventional MASW uses geophones as surface vibration sensors, the present MASW uses a moving LDV as a non-contact sensor to detect Rayleigh wave propagation generated by an electromagnetic shaker operating in chirp mode. A long-term survey was conducted by measuring the S-wave velocity profile with the MASW along with measurements of soil temperature, water content, water potential, and P-wave velocity with the acoustic probe system. The results from the two methods are compared and interpreted with the concept of the effective stress, governed by soil suction stress for top unsaturated soils and by overburden pressure for deeper layers of soils. This study demonstrates that the S-wave velocity images obtained from the LDV-MASW method can effectively monitor and visualize the temporal and spatial variations of subsurface soil properties caused by seasonal and weather effects.
Acid Stimulation in Agbami Deepwater- The Innovative Success Story
Authors: Nwaochei Francis , Hackney Dave , Olufemi Bayo , Carrillo Ivan , Obembe Akin
Published: July 2014

Agbami Wells; Agbami A, Agbami B and Agbami C experienced significant production decline. A multi-disciplinary team from the Agbami Asset initiated a study to identify the cause of damage to the wells and the best mitigation strategy. The study confirmed fines migration as the primary cause of sandface impairment and recommended an acid formulation to cure the damage. Risk analysis was undertaken to ascertain the problems associated with flowing the acid back to the production facilities.

An innovative deployment method involving a marine support vessel with dynamic positioning and Remote Operating Vehicle (ROV) was adopted. Utilizing the marine support vessel, a customized dual conduit of coil tubing was employed to bullhead acid into the formation. The acid was allowed to soak in the formation for a few hours and well opened to flow back naturally to surface.

Other critical aspects of the job planning and implementation included ensuring pump rates were achieved, designing appropriate acid volumes and soak duration, proper planning of Site Integration Test (SIT) and coil tubing deployment strategy.

Stimulating Agbami A, Agbami B and Agbami C led to a total incremental gain of 17,500 BOPD with a reduction in skin of over 70%. Productivity Index (PI) increased by over 50% on all the wells.

Lessons Learned include:

Dual coil string provides redundancy in the event of failure of one of the strings Identifying the cause of damage is critical in recommending acid stimulation for remedial work Adequate front end loading and proper stakeholder engagement was critical to ensure success

This technical paper describes the steps involved in implementing a successful rigless acid stimulation operation on deep water wells offshore Nigeria and will be a key resource document for future acid stimulation wellwork.
The Use of Glutamic Diacetic Acid GLDA and Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion BLEVE in Tight Gas Recovery
Authors: Obode Elizabeth I.
Published: July 2014

As global demand for energy rises and more nations turn towards environmental friendly energy sources, attention is shifted to cleaner and economically viable energy sources. Natural gas, with 43% and 30% lesser carbon emission than coal and oil respectively, is among these sources. However, most of the natural gas reserves –including tight gas which this paper focuses on- are present in impermeable rock formations, and the extraction processes used sometimes raises concerns over the impact on the environment and fresh water reserves. These often times increases regulatory scrutiny and delay in exploitation. This paper explores the enhancement of reservoir permeability through first acidizing with Glutamic Diacetic Acid (GLDA), an organic substance with low corrosion potential and increased effectiveness with increasing temperature, and then using a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) –specifically liquefied nitrogen in ceramic globes. This combination will not only achieve maximum permeability, but will also ensure that propants-ceramic splinters- are strategically placed within the wormholes formed and consequently improve gas recovery. This method supersedes conventional ones by being more environmentally friendly; nitrogen is already a component of air and is easily gotten and dispelled into the atmosphere; and in its capacity as a BLEV, significantly reduces the use of fresh water for fracturing. GLDA as a chelating agent forms unreactive complexes with regards to the environment and eliminates the need for iron control agents. The fast spending and high corrosion potential associated with mud acid is removed – well tubulars last longer, and this method is consequently more cost effective.
Shale Oil and Gas Revolution: Implications on Energy Market Outlook and Politics
Authors: Oyekunle A. A.
Published: July 2014

In 2000, shale gas was 1% of domestic gas production in the United States. In 2013, it had risen to 32% and it is expected to account for half of total US domestic gas supply in two decades from now. The US who is the second largest energy consumer in the world after China has seen a decline in her net import of energy since 2007.

In Europe, a recent report in the UK suggests that Shale gas in Northern England could meet Britain's gas need for 40 years.

Though lagging behind shale gas, shale oil development has already begun in some countries.

With the abundance of shale oil and gas around the world and the increasing interest in their development, this paper intends to look at the fast changing trend in the energy mix and hypothesize the effects on energy prices, energy demands and energy politics in different regions and across the world.