bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey of Healthcare Delivery and Distress in Pediatric Cancer Patients and Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Single Institution
Authors: Ngo Sandra , Sedig Laura , Murillo Maria , Stuchell Elizabeth , Wang Yujie , Edmonds Amy , Wolfe Ian , Choi Sung Won , Mody Rajen , Jasty Rama
Published: January 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatric oncology patients, caregivers,
and providers were required to adapt to changes in healthcare delivery
to minimize the risk of COVID-19 exposure. This study evaluated the
impact of the pandemic on oncologic care and patient and caregiver
distress by surveying patients actively followed for cancer treatment or
on surveillance. Adherence to therapy and access to the oncology team
was largely maintained with increased virtual visits. Due to concern for
exposure and disruptions to work, social stressor screening and support
are warranted. Continuing access to up-to-date information about
COVID-19 is critical as the pandemic continues to evolve.
A Novel Perspective for Simulations of the MEW Equation By Trigonometric Cubic B-spline Collocation Method Based on Rubin-Graves Type Linearization
Authors: YAGMURLU Nuri , KARAKAŞ Ali
Published: January 2024

In the present study, the Modified Equal Width (MEW) wave equation is
going to be solved numerically by presenting a new technique based on
collocation finite element method in which trigonometric cubic B-splines
are used as approximate functions. In order to support the present
study, three test problems; namely, the motion of a single solitary
wave, interaction of two solitary waves and the birth of solitons are
studied. The newly obtained results are compared with some of the other
published numerical solutions available in the literature. The accuracy
of the proposed method is discussed by computing the numerical conserved
laws as well as the error norms L₂ and L_{∞}.
Turkish validation of the Hallym Post Micturition Dribble Questionnaire (HPMDQ) and evaluation of bulbar urethral massage response
Authors: Gül Murat , Çulha Mehmet Gokhan , Böcü Kadir , Batur Ali Furkan , Kaynar Mehmet , Goktas Serdar , Kılıç Özcan
Published: January 2024

Abstract Background: As the evidence has been increasing about the
post-micturition dribble (PMD) symptom, widely accepted lower-urinary
tract symptoms (LUTS) questionnaires fail to assess PMD alone. In this
study, our primary aim is to evaluate the validity and reliability of
the Turkish version of the Hallym Post Micturition Dribble Questionnaire
(Turkish HPMDQ). The secondary objective is to appraise the relationship
between PMD and other LUTS and the effectiveness of bulbar urethral
massage in patients with PMD. Methods: The English version of HPMDQ went
through a multi-stage translation process. The final draft of the
Turkish HPMDQ and IPSS were queried to male patients who admitted to the
urology outpatient clinic between June 2020 and September 2020. The
responses of 103 patients who satisfy the inclusion criteria were
analysed. 55 people suffering from PMD were offered bulbar urethral
massage for one month and then re-applied with the questionnaires.
Results: The kappa coefficient for the total score for the Turkish HPMDQ
was 0.789. Considering the relationship between the HPMDQ and the IPSS,
the HPMDQ’s total score correlated significantly with that of the total
IPSS (ρ: 0.660, p < 0.001), the voiding symptoms of the LUTS
(ρ: 0.621, p < 0.001), and post-void residual volume (ρ:
0.614, p < 0.001) but not with the storage symptoms of the
LUTS (p=0.245). The mean value of HPMDQ-Q5, evaluating the treatment
response of bulbar urethra massage, was 1.81+1.02, suggesting an
effective treatment of PMD. Conclusions: The Turkish version of HPMDQ
was observed as a reliable tool for evaluating patients with PMD. This
study also showed that bulbar urethral massage is an effective method to
relieve PMD. Keywords: Post-micturition dribble, questionnaire, Turkish
validation, incontinence
Brazilian Psychiatric Association consensus for the Management of Psychiatric Emergencies in Pregnancy and Postpartum period
Authors: Baldaçara Leonardo , Rocha Gislene da , Ismael Flávia , Vasconcelos Igo , Ribeiro Christiane , Calfat Elie , Rosa Carlos , Barros Maria Elisa , Motta Luis , Agne Neusa , Gabrielli Priscila , Teles Ana Luisa , Ribeiro Jerônimo , Neves Maila das , Ribeiro Hewdy , Silva Ivaldo , Lentz Venessa , Frey Benicio , Rocha Renan , Cantilino Amaury , Rennó Joel , Silva Antonio da
Published: January 2024

Emergencies in the pregnancy and postpartum are less frequent than in
other groups, but not uncommon. However, the literature on the subject
is scarce and controversial. The objective of this article is to present
some recommendations for the management of the most common psychiatric
emergencies that may occur in pregnancy or postpartum period. To this
end, the present work has been driven by a panel of global experts on
severe mental health illnesses, selected by Brazilian Psychiatric
Association. Although many of the recommendations are empirical, it is
already possible to rely on information that provides better results and
safety for the patient and her infant.
Pediatric usage of Omalizumab: a promising one
Authors: Lin Yu , Huishan Zhang , Jianwei Pan , Ye Leping
Published: January 2024

Allergic diseases have a substantial epidemiological impact on pediatric
population. Small molecule-based medicines have been traditionally used
to manage the diseases. Omalizumab is the first monoclonal
antibody-based medicine used in children’s allergy and shows great
promises. It binds to free IgE and prevents it from binding to IgE
receptor, thus interrupting the IgE-dependent allergic inflammatory
cascade. Vast amounts of data demonstrates its effectiveness and well
tolerance by patients, including the children. However, the drug was
only approved to use in allergic asthma and chronic spontaneous
urticaria (CSU), though other applications were explored in clinical
trials. In this review, we summarized current pediatric applications of
Omalizumab in allergic diseases, focusing on its usages beyond asthma
and CSU, including allergic rhinitis, allergic bronchopulmonary
aspergillosis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, food allergy, and atopic
dermatitis. In addition, we highlighted the unmet need and controversial
issues of anti-IgE therapy.
Groundwater Nitrate Contaminant Risk Mapping using the modified DRASTIC Model: The Case of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia.
Authors: Alamnne Samuel , Assefa Tewodros , Belay Sisay , Hussein Misba
Published: January 2024

Nitrate contamination of groundwater often occurs in urban and
industrial areas due to point and non-point sources of anthropological
activities. Groundwater constitutes a significant portion of the water
supply system for Bahir Dar City in Ethiopia, though the level of
groundwater pollution is not known. This study was conducted to assess
the extent of the aquifer and groundwater pollution (nitrate) based on
contaminant vulnerability risk mapping using the GIS integrated modified
DRASTIC model. A field survey was conducted to collect samples from
boreholes for nitrate analysis and to modify the DRASTIC model. Compared
to the original intrinsic vulnerability assessment, land use as external
factors changed from moderate-high to high vulnerability class from 18
% to 88 %. The FR-APH modified model showed a good correlation (0.53)
compared to the other methods. Based on the FR-APH modified model, about
31% of the area was under moderate to high and high vulnerability
range, 39% was under moderate vulnerability range while 30% was under
low and moderate to low vulnerability range. The integrated
vulnerability map showed high risk in the central part of the City due
to the flat slope and shallow depth to groundwater. Besides, the
sensitivity analysis indicated that the contribution of aquifer media
and vadose zone to contaminant risk was found trivial. In general,
groundwater at Bahir Dar city was found vulnerable to nitrate
contamination and needs proper management.
Vaccination uptake in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease: report from a large Brazilian referral center
Authors: Jarovsky Daniel , Bastos Phillipe Romanzini , Matos Samantha Faria de , Almeida Flávia , Sáfadi Marco Aurélio Palazzi , Hegg Izabella Campos Oliveira , Luporini Silvia , Berezin Eitan Naaman
Published: January 2024

Background: Brazil has one of the highest numbers of births with sickle
cell disease in the Americas. Despite the risk of severe illnesses and
death due to both vaccine-preventable viral and bacterial infections,
the vaccination uptake in pediatric patients with SCD in Brazil is
unknown. Material and methods: children under 18 years with SCD
presenting to routine medical consultations at the Hematology Clinic had
their vaccination status evaluated according to the national
recommendations when each vaccine scheme was administered. Data obtained
was classified in Adequate, Delayed, or Missing vaccination and compared
younger children with older ones. Results: From 117 children screened,
100 had their vaccination card available. Vaccination coverage of
routine vaccines was above 95% for all primary series and both age
groups, with varied rates of delays and low missing doses. Among SCD
extended vaccination, the most frequently delayed and missed vaccines
were those specifically recommended to individuals with SCD as per
national guidelines – and particularly those against encapsulated
bacteria. Significant and varied rates of missing doses occurred in
primary series and booster doses for PPSV23, Hib, menC, hepatitis A and
varicella. The average influenza vaccination rate was 69.5%, with
higher rates among younger children. Conclusions: by detecting alarming
under-vaccination rates in children with SCD, we suggest the basic
prevention strategies in Brazil should be reassessed in this specific
population.
The 2009 pandemic influenza in Brazilian’s capitals: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Nádia , O'Dwyer Gisele , Monteiro Denise , Andrade Monica , Reis Inês , Frossard Vera , Lino Valéria
Published: January 2024

Introduction: In 2009, the World Health Organization reported a new
pandemic. In Brazil, almost 90,000 cases of severe acute respiratory
syndrome were confirmed. This study aims to investigate the factors
associated with the 2009 pandemic influenza rate in Brazilian capitals.
Methods: Ecological study, in which data were collected from the
government information system. Thematic maps were built to describe the
rate by sex and age group. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate the
association between pandemic influenza incidence and the following
factors: age group, sex, climate, Gross Domestic Product per capita, and
region. The adjusted rate ratio of influenza was estimated using the
multilevel Poisson model. Fixed effects were age group, sex, climate,
GDP, and interaction terms. Random effects were capital (intercept) and
region (slope). Results: A total of 13,171 confirmed cases of pandemic
influenza were reported in 2009, in which 56% occurred in women, 39%
in the 20-39 years age group, and 43% in the Southeast. The 2009 global
rate of pandemic influenza in Brazilian capitals was 35.70/100,000.
Women, 20-39 years of age group and subtropical climate showed the
highest risk of getting ill. The highest and the lowest rates of
pandemic influenza were observed in capitals of the South and Northeast
regions, respectively. Conclusions: The 2009 pandemic influenza evidence
high risk in adults and adolescents, female and subtropical climate.
Continued social and health interventions to prevent and tackle
influenza outbreaks and a robust surveillance information system are
necessary to effectively control the disease.
Treatment of Arsenic Toxicity during APML Treatment in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Patel Ripal , Kishk Omayma , Savva Dimitrios , Holloway Adrian
Published: January 2024

A 17-year-old healthy female presented with altered mentation after a
fall, workup revealed new onset APML. Chemotherapy was initiated. She
developed MODS requiring ECMO and CVVHDF. Two days after discontinuation
of support, patient developed acute worsening mentation, emesis,
diarrhea, tachycardia, fever, creatinine of 9.58 mg/dL, and prolonged
QTc-582, indicating arsenic poisoning from chemotherapy. Initial
management goals are decontamination and hemodynamic stabilization.
Hemodialysis can be treatment of toxicity if chelation is not an option.
This is the youngest patient to receive hemodialysis for the treatment
of acute arsenic toxicity in the literature who was not hemodialysis
dependent.
CYB5R3 HOMOZYGOUS MUTATION AS A RARE CAUSE OF CYANOSIS IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: Herranz David Molina , Escudero Cristina García , Gracia Segundo Rite , Red Yurena Aguilar de la , Nieto Jorge Martínez , Álvarez Silvia Izquierdo , Gracia María Ángeles Montañés , Flores María del Valle Recasens , Mata Carlos Francisco Hernández
Published: January 2024

We present here a very illustrative case of a rare pathology of
recessive congenital methemoglobinemia. The patient, a newborn female,
has the variant NM_000398.7:c.535G>A, p.(Ala179Thr) of the
CYB5R3 gene in homozygosis, a variant classified as pathogenic. The
reported population frequency of the allele is 0.0128%, reason why it
is remarkable to find both parents are heterozygous carriers without
consanguinity. A brief review of previously published cases are
presented.
Global conservative solutions of the two-component $\mu$-Hunter-Saxton system
Authors: Shi Xiayang , Liu Jingjing
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we establish global conservative solutions of the
two-component $\mu$-Hunter-Saxton system by the methods
developed in “A. Bressan, A. Constantin, “Global conservative
solutions of the Camassa-Holm equation,” Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal.
183(2), 215-239 (2007)” and “H. Holden, X. Raynaud, “Periodic
conservative solutions of the Camassa-Holm equation,” Ann. Inst.
Fourier (Grenoble) 58(3), 945-988 (2008)”.
The importance of adiponectin gene polymorphisms in the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: SECEN Ozlem , SENOL Arzu
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Some studies have indicated that adiponectin gene
polymorphisms are related to coronary artery disease, and they play a
role in the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. In this study,
acute coronary artery disease patients who had a myocardial infarct with
ST-elevation, chronic coronary artery disease patients who had a
coronary artery bypass graft operation, and the control group with
normal coronary arteries were compared for the adiponectin gene
polymorphisms. Material and Methods: One hundred patients who had a
myocardial infarction with ST-elevation (Group1), 100 patients who had a
coronary artery bypass graft operation (Group2), and as the control
group, 100 patients who had coronary angiography due to suspected
coronary artery disease (CAD) and appeared to have normal coronary
arteries (Group3) were included in the study. Adiponectin gene
polymorphisms (rs 1501299; +276 G > T, rs2241766; +45 T
> G) of the participants were determined using real-time
polymerase chain reaction method. Results: The number of mutant GG base
pairs of adiponectin at rs2241766 were smaller in Group 2 when compared
to Group 1 and Group 3, and the difference was statistically significant
(p=0.0001). Although the G allele frequencies of adiponectin at
rs2241766 were similar in Groups 1 and 3 (p>0.05), the G
allele frequencies in Group 2 were smaller when compared to Groups 1 and
3, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.0001). The
comparison of all groups for adiponectin rs1501299 polymorphisms and
allele frequencies did not yield statistically significant results
(p>0.05). Conclusion: Since adiponectin, which is thought
to play a role in the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques, has
different genotype distributions and allele frequencies at rs2241766 in
acute and chronic coronary artery disease, we suppose that this
polymorphism can be interpreted as a risk factor.
Environmental and human-mediated factors influence vertebrate occupancy in two tropical ecosystems
Authors: Valenzuela Leonor , Saavedra Carlos , Herrera Ana , Forero-Medina German
Published: January 2024

A species presence within its geographic range can be influenced by
environmental variables and disturbance history, resulting in particular
occupancy patterns. Understanding the factors affecting occupancy is
essential to evaluate the impact of human activities on species and
design conservation or restoration measures. For tropical vertebrates,
there is little understanding of how multiple factors influence
occupancy and interactions with other species under different conditions
and disturbance levels. In this study, we evaluated how natural and
human-mediated factors determine the presence of mammals and terrestrial
birds in two tropical landscapes that share some species but differ in
the type of ecosystems and the degree of human disturbance. We adjusted
single-season occupancy models for each species to assess the key
variables (human-influenced and natural) determining its presence in
each landscape, and co-occurrence models to evaluate potential
inter-specific relationships. Although species richness was similar
between landscapes, small, generalist species had a higher occupancy in
the more disturbed landscape (ψ 0.58 Vs 0.40), while larger species had
a higher occupancy in the less disturbed one (ψ 0.79 Vs 0.21). Species
in the more fragmented and altered landscape were mainly affected by
human-mediated variables, although the effect was not always negative,
with smaller species being favored by such conditions. In contrast, in
the less altered landscape, environmental variables were more
determinant of vertebrate occupancy. Additionally, the number,
magnitude, and direction of species interactions usually changed from
one landscape to another. Results from this study contribute to the
broader understanding of the mechanisms that determine vertebrate
occupancy in tropical ecosystems. They confirm how human disturbance can
have a direct effect on occupancy of larger species of mammals, and
demonstrate how in more altered ecosystems factors associated with human
presence may become more limiting or more beneficial than natural ones
becoming the primary determinants of occupancy.
Has COVID-19 had a positive effect? The case of Turkey
Authors: Yiğitbaş Çagla , Elkoca Ayse , OZCAN Handan , BILGIN Sonay
Published: January 2024

Objective: The present study aims to investigate whether the COVID-19
pandemic has had a positive effect on Turkish society in terms of
post-traumatic growth. Material and Methods: This quantitative,
cross-sectional study employed the survey model. Prior to the research,
all permissions were obtained, and the participants were informed.
Results: More than half of the participants stated that they felt
worried due to the pandemic. Similarly, more than half reported that
they had treated COVID-19 at home. Those who reported that they were
unemployed, those who thought their mental health was affected, and
those who reported that they felt worried due to the pandemic scored
high on the post-traumatic growth inventory. Conclusions: Some
sociodemographic characteristics led to differences in the participants’
scores from the post-traumatic growth inventory.
EARLY CONSUMPTION OF LYCOPENE AND REDUCED INCIDENCE OF PROSTATE CANCER- A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: George Eldhose , Joseph Nevin , Baby Alfin , T.S Gopikrishnan , Shaju Anjali , Joseph Merrin
Published: January 2024

Prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are two common
diseases of the prostate gland. Pharmaceutical drugs are widely used to
treat BPH, which enhance symptoms but are also accompanied by side
effects such as erectile dysfunction, which have a negative impact on
quality of life. Prostate cancer, like other cancers, has a wide range
of treatment options. The effectiveness of these prostate cancer
therapies is determined by the stage of the disease. While the efficacy
of prostate cancer therapies varies, erectile dysfunction, incontinence,
and a lower quality of life are all common side effects. Diet and
lifestyle factors can be helpful in lowering the risk of cancer,
according to preliminary evidence from systematic reviews. Lycopene, a
carotenoid found in a variety of red-colored fruits and vegetables, has
been shown to have powerful antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties. The
existing evidence on the use of lycopene as a prostate disease
prevention agent is examined in this chapter.
Anhydrosafflor yellow B and hydroxysafflor yellow A alleviate ferroptosis and parthanatos in PC12 cells injured by OGD/R
Authors: Chen Guangwei , li chang , zhang ling , Wang Yu , Yang Jiehong , Wan Haitong , He Yu
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose: Ferroptosis and parthanatos are two types of
programmed cell death associated with cerebral ischemia. There is a
sizeable interest in seeking chemical component for the regulation of
ferroptosis and parthanatos. Anhydrosafflor yellow B (AHSYB) and
hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) mitigated cell death caused by oxidative
stress due to antioxidant capacity, yet the mechanism is still
uncertain. Thus, we investigated whether AHSYB and HSYA prevent death
through these two pathways with the aim to elucidate their potential
protective mechanisms of cerebral ischemia. Experimental approach:
Oxidative stress model was established by treating PC12 cells with
oxygen glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R). Cellular functions
and signaling pathways were analyzed in PC12 cells using cell counting
kit-8 (CCK-8), ELISA, transmission electron microscopy (TEM),
immunofluorescence, and western blot. Key results: HSYA and AHSYB
protected cells from oxidative stress. The phenomenon is associated with
ferroptosis and parthanatos. HSYA and AHSYB upregulated
cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc- (system xc-) and glutathione
peroxidase 4 (GPX4), returned the GSH/GSSG ratio and reactive oxygen
species (ROS) to homeostasis, alleviated lipid peroxidation. By reason
of reducing ROS, HSYA and AHSYB restrained poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1
(PARP-1) overactivation, reduced the production of excess poly(ADP
ribose) (PAR) polymer and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) nuclear
translocation. Conclusions and implications: The results suggested that
HSYA and AHSYB limited ferroptosis and parthanatos to alleviate
oxidative stress in PC12 cells. These findings may have implications for
improved understanding of how drugs reduce oxidative stress and develop
new strategies for treating degenerative diseases such as cerebral
ischemia.
Intracranial granulocytic sarcoma mimicking a hematoma in a child with acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Liu Yuting , Zhu Meijiao , Yang Ming , Gao Xiucheng
Published: January 2024

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a soft mass formed by immature myeloid
cells invading extramedullary tissues and organs, which is common in
myeloid leukemia. In this case, a two years and four months girl
diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia showed intracranial lesion with
right occipital bone involvement on Computed Tomography (CT) and
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Follow-up CT showed that the mass had
disappeared after chemotherapy. As intracranial GS is difficult to
diagnose accurately, early detection and treatment is vital for good
prognosis. GS should be part of differential diagnosis when patients
with acute myelogenous leukemia showed intracranial soft mass.
Weed species composition under different coffee (Coffea arabica L.) production systems, altitude and soil conditions in Ethiopia
Authors: Daba Abera , Tadesse Mekuria , Negassa Selamawit , Berecha Gezahegn
Published: January 2024

A weed population survey was carried out to assess the influence of the
coffee production system, altitude gradients and physicochemical
characteristics of the soil on weed species composition and distribution
in the major coffee-growing belt of Ethiopia. A total of 168 coffee
fields were assessed using a quadrat count (0.5 m x 0.5 m) in a
systematic sampling technique. The result revealed that a total of 98
weed taxa belonging to 35 families were recorded. Asteraceae and Poaceae
were the most abundant families. The most frequent weed species,
regardless of the production systems, altitude and soil types, were
Oplismenus hirtellus, Galinsoga parviflora, Achyranthes bidentata,
Impatiens balfourii, Bidens pilosa and Commelina benghalensis, with a
frequency of > 40%. The density of weed species was varied
(ranged from 0.04 to 95.29 plants 0.25m-2) and the highest abundance
value (95.25 plants per 0.25m2) was recorded by O. hirtellus. Similarity
indices of the 16 districts were ranging from 8.33% to 72.73% and that
of the 4 coffee production systems and 3 altitudinal gradients were also
ranged from 7.14% to 49.49% and 41.76% to 68.75%, respectively.
According to canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and the
Kruskal-Wallis test, coffee production systems, altitude and
physicochemical properties of soil were the main explanatory variables
influencing weed species distribution and composition. Therefore, it is
concluded that the measured variables significant account for variation
in the composition and distribution of weed species in coffee fields of
Ethiopia and coffee producers should take into account those variables
to manage weeds of coffee.
Comprehensive evaluation of aquaculture pond water quality based on farmed fish health: a case study on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Authors: Shoubing WANG , Cheng Lirijian , Liu Xingguo , Xue Huikang , JIANG Yiru
Published: January 2024

To this day, no technical procedures have been established for the
evaluation of aquaculture pond water quality based on the health of the
farmed species themselves. Here, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella;
i.e., the main farmed fish species in China’s freshwater ponds)
aquaculture was taken as an example to preliminarily study and establish
novel strategies for the assessment of pond water quality. This
manuscript discusses the selection and establishment of an evaluation
index system, including classification of fish health degree,
determination of evaluation benchmarks and presentation of evaluation
results. The scoring formula were performed by Membership Function
method based on fuzzy mathematics and scoring results were demonstrated
by radar chart. This study finally selected a total of 6 indicators for
pond health evaluation: (1) dissolved oxygen concentration, (2)
non-ionic ammonia concentration, (3) pH, (4) nitrite nitrogen
concentration, (5)copper ion concentration, and (6)zinc ion
concentration. Through a case study on a fish pond in Songjiang District
(Shanghai, China), we demonstrated the practicality of the proposed
evaluation system, thus establishing a methodological framework for
grass carp farmers to quickly evaluate the fish health and water
quality, as well as for the future development of evaluation systems for
other cultivated animals.
Bifunctional lipids in tumor vaccines: an outstanding delivery carrier and promising immune stimulator
Authors: Liu Zhiling , Xu Na , Zhao Lin , Yu Jia , Zhang Peng
Published: January 2024

Cancer is still a major threat for human life, and the cancer
immunotherapy can be more optimized to prolong life. However, the effect
of immunotherapy is not encouraging. In order to achieve outstanding
immune effect, it is necessary to strengthen antigens uptake of antigen
presenting cells. Adjuvants were added to vaccines to achieve this
purpose, which could be divided into two types: as an immunostimulatory
molecule, the innate immunities of the body were triggered; or as a
delivery carrier, and antigens were cross-delivery through the
“cytoplasmic pathway” and released at a specific location. This paper
reviewed the relevant research status of tumor vaccine immune adjuvants
in recent years. Among the review, the function, combination strategies
and derivatives of lipid A were discussed in detail. In addition, some
suggestions on the existing problems and research direction of lipids as
tumor vaccine adjuvants were put forward.
Results of Arterial Switch Operations we performed in our clinic in 2 years
Authors: Gojayev Farid , Colak Ruya , Polat Tughcin , Tireli Emin , Seydaliyeva Aydan
Published: January 2024

Objective: In this study, we presented the clinical characteristics of
the patients we performed arterial switch operation between 2018-2020 in
our clinic and our experience in this regard. Methods: Arterial switch
operations were performed in 29 patients in total with 13 simple and 16
complex transposition of the great arteries (TGA) diagnoses in two
years. Ten patients in the simple TGA group were operated within the
first 14 days after birth, and the other three patients were operated at
14-60 days of age. Eleven patients from the complex TGA group were
operated within the first 14 days, and five patients within 14-60 days.
Preoperative, operative process and postoperative short and long term
results were evaluated in both groups. Our study was approved by the
decision of the Ethics Committee dated 26.04.2021 and numbered 12.
Breakup model of oscillating drops in turbulent flow field
Authors: Zhou Han , Yu Xiong , Wang Bo , Jing Shan , Lan Wenjie , Li Shaowei
Published: January 2024

Following the drop oscillation breakup mechanism, a theoretical model
for drop breakup probability is proposed based on the three-dimensional
Maxwell velocity distribution. The model considers both the interfacial
energy increase constraint and viscous energy increase constraint. The
model shows that for low-viscous drops, the breakup probability is
determined by the Weber number (We), and
for intermediate or high viscous drops, the breakup probability is
determined by the combined influence of the Weber number
(We) and the Ohnesorge number
(Oh). By combining the theoretical model of drop breakup time
constructed in our previous work, the breakup frequency model is
obtained based on the statistical description framework. The accuracy
and generality of the model were then validated using the direct
experimental data. Moreover, effects of the drop diameter, turbulent
energy dissipation rate, and interfacial tension on the predicted drop
breakup frequency were analyzed in detail.
Greater hydraulic safety contributes to higher growth resilience to drought across seven pine species in a semi-arid environment
Authors: Duan Chun-Yang , Li Ming-Yong , Fang Lidong , Cao Yu , Wu Dedong , Liu Hui , Ye Qing , Hao Guangyou
Published: January 2024

Quantifying interspecific variations of tree resilience to drought and
revealing the underlying mechanisms are of great importance to the
understanding of forest functionality particularly in water-limited
regions with foreseeable increase in temperature and the associated
drought stress. So far, comprehensive studies incorporating
investigations in interspecific variations of long-term growth patterns
of trees and the underlying physiological mechanisms are very limited.
Here, in a semi-arid site of northern China, tree radial growth rate,
inter-annual tree-ring growth responses to climate variability, as well
as physiological characteristics pertinent to xylem hydraulics, carbon
assimilation and drought tolerance were analyzed in seven pine species
growing in a common environment. Considerable interspecific variations
in radial growth rate, growth response to drought and physiological
characteristics were observed among the studied species. Higher
hydraulic efficiency is related to greater photosynthetic capacity but
not higher tree radial growth rate. Rather, radial growth of species
with higher hydraulic conductivity and photosynthetic capacity was more
sensitive to drought stress that is at least partially due to a
trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety across species. This
study thus demonstrates the importance of drought resilience rather than
instantaneous water and carbon flux capacity in determining tree growth
in water-limited environments.
Discrepancies between prokaryotes and eukaryotes need to be considered in soil DNA-based studies
Authors: Lara Enrique , Geisen Stefan
Published: January 2024

A major fraction of biodiversity on Earth resides in soils. This
diversity consists of prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and eukaryotes
(fungi, protists and metazoa). Especially the prokaryotic diversity is
almost entirely studies using molecular tools, with a recent transfer
also to eukaryotes.. Eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes in many
additional characteristics such as genomic organization and mode of
evolution, which together determine the methods to study their
diversity. As such, approaches that have been designed for prokaryotes
like environmental sequencing cannot simply be transferred to
eukaryotes. Indeed, methodological and analytical differences between
domains range from how the basic diversity units are measured to
interpretation of community taxonomic composition and quantitative data.
Jurburg et al. (“All together now: Limitations and recommendations for
the simultaneous analysis of all eukaryotic soil sequences” Molecular
Ecology Methods, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13401) have
highlighted some important eukaryote-specific technical issues that need
consideration into account in DNA-based studies. We here highlight
additional domain-specific considerations that should be taken into
account in eukaryote-focused studies. Only that will allow to reliably
and comprehensively unravel the entire eukaryotic biodiversity in soils.
Evaluation of Patient Information Texts About Bruxism on The Internet in Terms of Readability and Content
Authors: Kaya Doğan , Tolu Sena
Published: January 2024

Aim: Bruxism is a common health problem in society. The treatment method
to be preferred should be determined by the decision of the patient and
the physician together. Individuals’ knowledge of the course of the
disease, symptoms, and treatment options will contribute to the
treatment process. There are many websites on the Internet that can
guide patients about health and illness. The aim of this study is to
evaluate the patient information texts about bruxism on web sites in
terms of content and readability. Methods: Websites reached in a search
using the keyword “Bruxism” on Google were evaluated in terms of
readability and content. The readability assessment was classified
according to the level of education. Text content accuracy was also
evaluated according to information level separately. Results: Forty-four
of the 100 websites examined were included in the study. Average grade
level is 11.41 ± 0.82. The readability level of 79% (n = 35) of the 44
texts examined is at a difficult level. It is seen that the definition
and etiology of the disease are mentioned in 68% (n = 30) of the texts
examined in the study. Conclusion: Although the content of the English
texts prepared to inform patients about bruxism on the Internet is
sufficient, it has been found that the readability level is low.
EFFECT OF AMIFOSTINE (WR-2721) ON BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION AFTER BURN INJURY: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Altundaş Necip , Karagulle Erdal , KARAKAYA Emre
Published: January 2024

Introduction Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier has been
shown to occur following burn injury. This process can lead to
translocation of pathogens from the gut lumen to the systemic
circulation and distant organs thereby increasing the risk for sepsis.
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of amifostine (WR-2721)
on bacterial translocation in a rat burn injury model. Materials and
Methods A total of 27 male Wistar albino rats were divided into three
groups of nine. Group I was a control group. Group II was subjected to
third-degree burns over 30% of the total body surface area, and group
III was administered amifostine 200 ml/kg intraperitoneally, followed by
a 10 ml/kg/day maintenance dose after undergoing third-degree burns.
After 48 hours, tissue and blood samples were obtained and cultured from
the liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and cecum. Results Blood
cultures were negative in all groups. In the control group, colonization
appeared only in the cecum, but in groups II and III, colonization was
found in the liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and cecum. While
bacterial colonization was most frequently found in the cecum and
mesenteric lymph nodes, bacterial counts did not significantly differ in
the cecum (P = 0.298) and mesenteric lymph nodes (P = 0.418) between
groups II and III. Conclusions Amifostine alone is not effective in
controlling bacterial translocation associated with burn injuries. These
results should be interpreted with caution as there are a number of
factors that affect bacterial translocation.
Calcified Amorphous Tumour of Left Ventricle: a Rare Cardiac Tumour
Authors: Kumar Rupesh , Halder Vikram , Ghosh Soumitra , Kumar Basant , Niyogi Subhrashis , Thirunavukkarasu Balamurugan Thirunavukkarasu , Bal Amanjit
Published: January 2024

Cardiac calcified amorphous tumor is a rare, non-neoplastic,
pedunculated, intra-cavity mass, with very high preponderance of distal
embolisation. Differentiation from calcified atrial myxoma or calcified
thrombi is very difficult. Histo-pathologic examination is the mainstay
of diagnosis. Treatment is emergency excision. A 46-year-old female
presented with heart failure. On echocardiography, 1.9x1.7 cm
pedunculated mobile mass in left ventricle attached to intraventricular
septum was seen. On cardiac MRI lesion was isointense. The mass was
excised. Histopathology revealed fibrin deposition with eosinophilic
amorphous material in the centre with calcification in the periphery
without any myxomatous tissue. A final diagnosis of CAT was established.
A Rare Association of Coronary Artery Disease with Adult Interrupted Aortic Arch: Choice of Treatment
Authors: Rajan Venkatesa Kumar Anakaputhur , chandrahasan Eswara karthick , Chandran Suganya , Seshadri Ramesh
Published: January 2024

Interrupted Aortic Arch is a rare congenital heart defect due to
complete luminal interruption between ascending and descending aorta.
IAA in adults is extremely rare and mostly present as systemic
hypertension with distal perfusion maintained by large systemic
collaterals formed over years. IAA in adults can be either corrected
surgically with an interposition graft or can be successfully managed
with antihypertensive drugs alone based on clinical presentation.
Herein, We present a case with an incidental finding of IAA associated
with Coronary Artery Disease and how the selection of conduits for
coronary revascularisation is affected in the face of diagnosis of IAA.
Adult distal hypospadias repair: Case series
Authors: sahin coskun , Yeşildal Cumhur
Published: January 2024

Purpose :The success level of hypospadias repair in adults still needs
to be established on a more extensive scaled study. Therefore, we
conducted this study to document the success level of hypospadias repair
in adults. Methods: This study presents the results of 620 adult distal
hypospadias patients treated with TIPU operation. A retrospective study
was performed for adult patients who underwent TIPU operations from
February 2016 to September 2020. Patients who had distal hypospadias
after the age of 16 were included in our study. Results: The average
operation time was between 35-65 minutes (50 min.). Complications
developed in 79 patients. 37 urethral fistulas, 24 meatal stenosis, 11
anastomotic stenosis, 7 had a complete failure. Conclusions: Primary
adult distal hypospadias surgery is safe and easy. The complication
rates are similar when compared to the pediatric group. As the surgical
experience advances, the success of the operation increases in direct
proportion. Keywords: Distal hypospadias, TIPU, Adult
Role of thoracic and abdominal tomography in identifying a potential source of infection in patients with acute fever of unknown focus
Authors: sert ekrem taha , Kokulu Kamil
Published: January 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between clinical features
evaluated at admission to the emergency department (ED) and the presence
of infection on thoracic and abdominal tomography (CT) scans in patients
with acute febrile illness without clinical clues. Methods: Patients
aged 18 years and over who presented to ED with acute fever between
January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020 and underwent CT imaging (thoracic
and abdomen) as a diagnostic test CT) were included in the study
retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to
the presence and absence of a source of infection on CT. The clinical
and demographic data of the patients were evaluated. The effect of
clinical factors on the presence of infection in CT scans was determined
using the logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the 173 patients
included in the study, the CT scans were positive for the source of
infection in 31.2% (n=54) and negative in 68.8% (n=119). In the
multiple logistic regression analysis, age ≥ 65 years [odds ratio
(OR):2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.15-4.35, p<0.001),
presence of comorbidity (OR:2.37, 95% CI:1.08-4.14, p=0.033), and
procalcitonin positivity (PCT) (OR:2.54, 95% CI:1.29-4.95, p=0.006)
were identified as risk factors for the presence of infection in CT.
Conclusion: Age, presence of comorbidity, and PCT level should be
considered when deciding on the use of CT in determining the source of
infection in acute febrile patients without clinical clues.
Molecular structure determination, Spectroscopic, Quantum Computational Studies and Molecular Docking on 4-(E)-[2-(benzylamino)phenylimino)methyl-2]ethoxy phenol
Authors: Hajam Towseef Ahmad , H Saleem , M Syed Ali Padusha , K.K Mohamed Ameen
Published: January 2024

A Schiff base compound
4-(E)-[2-(benzylamino)phenylimino)methyl-2]ethoxy phenol (4BPM2EP)
was synthesized and its spectroscopic characterization was performed
using experimental methods such as FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV-Vis
spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p))
computation were used to investigate the optimized molecular geometry,
harmonic vibrational wavenumber, NMR chemical shifts, natural bond
orbital (NBO) analysis, non-linear optical (NLO) properties, molecular
electroscopic potential (MEP) map, Mulliken atomic charges and
thermodynamic properties of 4BPM2EP molecule. TD-DFT calculations have
been carried out on the optimized geometry at gaseous phase, DMSO and
ethanol to further understand the electronic transitions and solvents
effect on the UV-Vis spectra of the compound. The assignments of
vibrational modes were performed by means of total energy distribution
(TED) using VEDA 4 program and were compared with experimental data.
Molecular docking studies were performed using Schrodinger software to
establish the information about the interactions between the
topoisomerase DNA gyrase enzymes and the novel compound.
Gestational diabetes mellitus in women born small or premature: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tsujimoto Yasushi , Kataoka Yuki , Banno Masahiro , Taito Shunsuke , Kokubo Masayo , Masuzawa Yuko , Yamamoto Yoshiko
Published: January 2024

Abstract Objective: Women born preterm or with low birthweight (LBW)
have an increased future risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM);
however, a quantitative summary of evidence is lacking. Herein, we aimed
to investigate whether LBW, small for gestational age (SGA) status, or
preterm birth are factors associated with GDM risk; moreover, the
evidence quality was assessed. Data Sources: We searched databases such
as MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL and study registries including
ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP from launch until October 29, 2020. Methods
of Study Selection: Major electronic databases were searched from
inception to October 29, 2020. Observational studies that examined the
association between birth weight or gestational age and GDM were
eligible. We pooled the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using
the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. Tabulation, Integration,
and Results: Eighteen studies were included (N = 827,382). The
meta-analysis showed that being born preterm, with LBW, or with SGA
status increased the risk of GDM (pooled odds ratio = 1.84; 95%
confidence interval: 1.54 to 2.20; I2 = 78.3%; τ2 = 0.07). Given a GDM
prevalence of 2.0%, 10%, and 20%, the absolute risk differences were
1.6%, 7.0%, and 11.5%, respectively. The certainty of evidence was
low due to serious concerns of risk of bias and publication bias.
Conclusion: Women born prematurely, with LBW, or with SGA status may be
at an increased risk of GDM. However, whether this should be considered
in clinical decision-making depends on the prevalence of gestational
diabetes mellitus. Protocol registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020142004)
Partition of social and sexual partner relationships in a polygynous gibbon
Authors: Huang Xia , Guan Zhenhua , Hu Naiqing , Garber Paul , Chapman Colin , Huang Bei , Ning Wenhe , Liu Guoqing , Yang Huajun , He Kai , Jiang Xue-Long , Fan Pengfei
Published: January 2024

Resources critical for successful breeding are typically partition in
nature. To increase reproductive fitness, females may associate with
males who provide access to high quality resources while mating other
males with good or compatible genes. Gibbons have traditionally been
described as living in small monogamous groups and the sole resident
adult male is assumed to sire all of the group’s offspring. Based on 16
years of field observations and microsatellite analyses, we describe the
social system and reproductive strategies of a population of Nomascus
concolor in the Wuliang Mountains, China. From 2003 to 2018, each of our
three study groups consisted one resident male and two breeding females
across 98.4% of observation months. Resident males spent 2.3 - 5.6%
time (N = 7 pairs) within 1 m of both females in their group, comparable
to monogamous gibbon groups. Weakened bond strength predicted
male/female replacement in two groups. However, microsatellite analyses
revealed that the rate of extra-group paternity (EGP) was 40.0% (N =
15), considerably greater than reported for monogamous gibbon species (0
- 10%). Females engaged in EGP to increase offspring heterozygosity.
Resident males seem unable to monopolize the mating activities of
females, floater males had reproductive success (N = 2). Our findings
indicate that in crested gibbons the social system is distinct from the
breeding system. Our study also highlights again that long-term
continuous field work and non-invasive genetic analysis are essential
for understanding breeding systems of long-lived mammals.
Indian herb-derived phytoconstituents based antiviral formulation: An oral rinse candidate for prevention of COVID-19 outbreaks
Authors: Sharad Shashwat , Kapur Suman
Published: January 2024

Outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases continue to challenge human
health. Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2), has triggered a global coronavirus pandemic, namely
COVID-19. Multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus are circulating and
raises question with respect to effectiveness of different lines of
treatment such as vaccines and antiviral drugs. To find appropriate
prevention/treatment, 21 plant-based ingredients were identified with
antiviral properties. We pseudo typed SARS-CoV-2 on a lentiviral vector
plasmid and tested the impact of five different herbal formulations in
mammalian HEK293T cells. Viral inactivation assay showed that the
natural extracts in herb-derived phytoconstituents based formulation,
BITS-003 comprising of Bacopa monnieri, Glycyerrhiza glabra,
Asparagus racemosus-wild, and Nigella sativa bear strong virucidal
properties, inactivating enveloped viruses from 2log10 (or 99%) to
>4log10 (or 99.99%). Moreover, bacterial and yeast cells
treated with BITS-003 displayed reduced growth. Topical use of
formulation as mouthwash/gargle will be effective in reducing symptoms
of respiratory viral infections with a potential to decrease viral load
in buccal/oral cavity. This may inhibit the coronavirus spreading to the
lungs of infected person and at the same time will reduce the risk of
viral transmission to other susceptible persons through micro-droplets
originating from the oral cavity of the infected person.