bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation and evaluation of Employee Health and Wellness Program using RE-AIM framework
Authors: Khan Unab I. , Qureshi Asra , Lal Karishma , Ali Shehreen , Barkatali Arshnoor , Nayani Shamim
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The study describes the design, implementation and evaluation of an employer-sponsored health screening program – Employee Health and Wellness Program (EHWP) – in an academic healthcare system in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

One year after implementation, RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance) framework was used to evaluate and report participant- and organizational-level indicators of success.

Findings

Of the 5,286 invited employees, 4,523 (86%) completed blood work and 1809 (34%) completed health risk assessment (reach). Of the 915 (51%) who required referrals, 3% were referred for new diagnoses of diabetes, hepatitis C or severe anemia; 63% for elevated 10-year risk of cardiometabolic diseases (cardiovascular disease and diabetes); and 25% for counseling for depression, obesity or smoking cessation (effectiveness). Employees' barriers to enrollment were explored (adoption). While institutional costs were considered nominal (USD 20/employee), organizational barriers were identified (implementation). Finally, 97% of users reported interest in enrollment if EHWP was offered again (maintenance).

Originality/value

In a country with minimal focus on adult preventive care, the study reports the impact of an employer-offered wellness program that identified new risk factors and offered a referral for ongoing care. Employees reported a positive experience and were willing to re-enroll. Using the RE-AIM framework, the study has defined indicators in the real-world setting that can be used effectively by other institutions to start such a program.
Artificial intelligence in safety-critical systems: a systematic review
Authors: Wang Yue , Chung Sai Ho
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This study is a systematic literature review of the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in safety-critical systems. The authors aim to present the current application status according to different AI techniques and propose some research directions and insights to promote its wider application.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 92 articles were selected for this review through a systematic literature review along with a thematic analysis.

Findings

The literature is divided into three themes: interpretable method, explain model behavior and reinforcement of safe learning. Among AI techniques, the most widely used are Bayesian networks (BNs) and deep neural networks. In addition, given the huge potential in this field, four future research directions were also proposed.

Practical implications

This study is of vital interest to industry practitioners and regulators in safety-critical domain, as it provided a clear picture of the current status and pointed out that some AI techniques have great application potential. For those that are inherently appropriate for use in safety-critical systems, regulators can conduct in-depth studies to validate and encourage their use in the industry.

Originality/value

This is the first review of the application of AI in safety-critical systems in the literature. It marks the first step toward advancing AI in safety-critical domain. The paper has potential values to promote the use of the term “safety-critical” and to improve the phenomenon of literature fragmentation.
IJV partner relations in emerging markets: the importance of Greek partner's prior IJV experience
Authors: Rotsios Konstantinos , Sklavounos Nikolaos , Hajidimitriou Yannis
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the Greek partners' prior international joint venture (IJV) experience on partner compatibility, knowledge transfer (KT) and trust in their IJVs.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a primary research study and collected a total of 50 useable questionnaires from Greek firms with IJV participation.

Findings

The findings show a positive effect of the Greek partner's prior experience in IJV establishment and management on partner compatibility and on successful KT to the IJV.

Practical implications

The results are significant for executives of firms who seek to expand to international markets through IJV formation and for practitioners involved in IJVs, regarding prior IJV experience, partner compatibility and KT to their IJVs.

Originality/value

This study uses a sample of Greek firms with IJV participation to examine the effect of their prior IJV experience on IJV partner relations in the region of South East (SE) Europe. Additionally, it enhances the understanding of the effect of prior experience in the IJV establishment and management in emerging markets and sheds light to the antecedents of partner compatibility, which have been neglected by researchers.
“You can't read your way out of racism”: creating anti-racist action out of education in an academic library
Authors: Figueroa Monica , Shawgo Kristan
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Under the transformational leadership of the University Librarian, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries shifted from having an education- and programming-based “diversity committee” to a council of librarians advocating for action, anti-racism and social justice, both within our organization and across campus. As our University Librarian noted, “you cannot read your way out of racism.”

Design/methodology/approach

With support from library leadership, the Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Accessibility (IDEA) Council has advanced anti-racism work in the libraries by serving as facilitators for a book discussion series, organizing a 21-day racial equity challenge, supporting staff in integrating anti-racism practices into their daily work through brown bag conversations, and facilitating the development of inclusion-focused performance management goals.

Findings

What does an anti-racist library look like, and how does our organization envision this future? These questions anchor the IDEA Council's strategies. The libraries have witnessed a positive shift in staff participation: two-thirds of library staff participated in a Racial Equity Institute Groundwater presentation and in a library-wide book discussion series; approximately half the staff committed to our 21-day racial equity challenge. Participants were asked to reflect in conversation and through surveys.

Originality/value

The first wave of a newly established grant program funded eight staff-led projects to advance social justice in the libraries. Additional steps included caucusing by racial identity, staff-wide discussions about racial equity, and a second wave of funding for the grant program. The authors approach this work with cultural humility: seeking to learn from one another, our peers and fellow activists.
Open data for accountability at times of exception: an exploratory analysis during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Maione Gennaro , Sorrentino Daniela , Kruja Alba Demneri
Published: December 2021

Purpose

At exceptional times, governments are entrusted with greater authority. This creates significant concerns over governments’ transparency and accountability. This paper aims to pursue a twofold objective: assessing the patterns of open government data during the extraordinary time initiated by the COVID-19 pandemic drawing relevant policy and managerial implications regarding the future development of open data as a mechanism of accountability at times of exception.

Design/methodology/approach

The study follows exploratory research, relying on a web content analysis. The empirical setting is provided by 20 Italian regional governments during the COVID-19 pandemic as a shock that has triggered an exceptional time for governments.

Findings

Results on the desirable (extrinsic and intrinsic) characteristics of the data analyzed show that in the empirical setting investigated, open data does not enable to properly address the accountability concerns of a demanding forum at times of exception.

Research limitations/implications

The paper enriches the state of the art on accountability and provides both scholars and practitioners (e.g. policymakers, managers, etc.) a current reading of data-driven orientation as a stimulus to the accountability of public administrations during exceptional times.

Originality/value

The paper investigates open data as a condition of public accountability, assessing whether and how Italian regional governments have concretely opened their data to enable their forums to elaboration of an informed opinion about their conduct during the ongoing pandemic. This fosters the understanding of how accountability is deployed in times of exception in light of the possibilities offered by the availability of online platforms.
A ‘patient–industry complex’? Investigating the financial dependency of UK patient organisations on drug company funding
Authors: Ozieranski Piotr , Pitter Janos Gyorgy , Rickard Emily , Mulinari Shai , Csanadi Marcell
Published: December 2021

We examined the minimum extent of dependency of UK patient organisations on pharmaceutical industry funding using drug company disclosure reports and patient organisation financial accounts from 2012 to 2016. We used linear regression to explain the overall share of industry funding (‘general dependency’) and top donor funding (‘company‐specific dependency’) in organisations’ income. Predictors included patient organisations’ goal; having members and volunteers; geographical scope of activity; headquarter location; expenditure/income ratio; and disease area. The prevalent low levels of general dependency (IQR, 0.1%–6.0%) and company‐specific dependency (IQR, 0.1%–4.3%) made a widespread capture of patient organisations unlikely, though only if one excludes the possibility of significant payment under‐reporting. However, organisations with considerably higher dependency than others might be more prone to co‐optation by industry. Of the 398 organisations, 18 (4.5%) and 8 (2.0%) had general and company‐specific financial dependency over 50%, respectively. However, the shares of outliers exceeding the third quartile plus 1.5 times IQR were 51 (12.8%) and 56 (14.1%) for each dependency type. Certain characteristics including activity profile (advocacy) or indicating limited access to resources (remote location) made organisations vulnerable to developing financial dependency. Future research should examine both financial and non‐financial links between the two sides and their impact on patient organisations’ activity.
In Battle and in Bed: Wanton Women and Women Warriors in Muslim and Christian Crusade Narratives
Authors: Davis‐Secord Sarah
Published: December 2021

This article analyses the parallel representations of enemy warrior women as sexually profligate and inappropriately martial in selected Latin and Arabic texts from the period of the first three crusades (late eleventh to late twelfth centuries). Cross‐cultural comparison of depictions of fighting women demonstrates that both cultures portrayed the other side as dominated, and thus undermined, by women who were unnaturally assertive in both sexual and military affairs. Both Muslim and Christian authors sexualised and militarised the bodies of enemy women in order to define which men were the strongest, best and most deserving of battlefield victory in the holy wars of crusade and jihad.
Water holding properties of Atlantic salmon
Authors: Chan Sherry Stephanie , Roth Bjørn , Jessen Flemming , Jakobsen Anita Nordeng , Lerfall Jørgen
Published: December 2021

With global seafood production increasing to feed the rising population, there is a need to produce fish and fishery products of high quality and freshness. Water holding properties, including drip loss (DL) and water holding capacity (WHC), are important parameters in determining fish quality as they affect functional properties of muscles such as juiciness and texture. This review focuses on the water holding properties of Atlantic salmon and evaluates the methods used to measure them. The pre‐ and postmortem factors and how processing and preservation methods influence water holding properties and their correlations to other quality parameters are reviewed. In addition, the possibility of using modelling is explained. Several methods are available to measure WHC. The most prevalent method is the centrifugation method, but other non‐invasive and cost‐effective approaches are increasingly preferred. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods and future trends are evaluated. Due to the diversity of methods, results from previous research are relative and cannot be directly compared unless the same method is used with the same conditions.
Review article: Management of hyperemesis gravidarum and nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
Authors: Lowe Sandra A , Steinweg Kate E
Published: December 2021

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) are common in early pregnancy but there is a wide spectrum of severity in terms of the duration and acuity of symptoms throughout gestation. Adverse maternal and fetal outcomes have been seen in women who experience severe symptoms, also known as hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). Evidence‐based, assessment and management can reduce symptom severity, avoid physical and psychological deterioration and minimise the impact on quality of life and function. A pathway for assessment and management of NVP and HG in the emergency room is presented based on the Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand Guideline for the Management of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Assessment requires an objective evaluation using a validated scoring system such as the PUQE‐24 score, as well as calculation of hydration and nutritional status. Ketonuria is not associated with either the diagnosis or severity of HG. Further investigation including biochemistry is only required in severe cases. Many women will have tried a range of therapies and an important aspect of treatment is to recognise the validity of their symptoms. Treatment may require a combination of intravenous fluids, anti‐emetics, acid suppression and laxatives. Outpatient management is optimal but admission may be required for refractory symptoms, organ dysfunction or concurrent significant co‐morbidities. Emergency management of NVP and HG requires an appropriate pathway of care to support women until the natural resolution of their condition. Both underuse of safe therapies and overuse of ineffective medication must be avoided.
Discovery of a widespread presence bunyavirus that may have symbiont‐like relationships with different species of aphids
Authors: An Xin , Zhang Wei , Ye Chao , Smagghe Guy , Wang Jin‐Jun , Niu Jinzhi
Published: December 2021

Aphids are important agricultural pests, vectors of many plant viruses and have sophisticated relationships with symbiotic microorganisms. Abundant asymptomatic RNA viruses have been reported in aphids due to the application of RNA‐seq, but aphid–virus interactions remain unclear. Bunyavirales is the most abundant RNA virus order, which can infect mammals, arthropods, and plants. However, many bunyaviruses have specific hosts, such as insects. Here, we discovered 18 viruses from 10 aphid species by RNA‐seq. Importantly, a widespread presence bunyavirus, Aphid bunyavirus 1 (ABV‐1), was determined to have a wide host range, infecting and replicating in all 10 tested aphid species. ABV‐1 may be transmitted horizontally during feeding on plant leaves and vertically through reproduction. In a comparison of the physiological parameters of ABV‐1high and ABV‐1low strains of pea aphid, higher ABV‐1 titers reduced the total nymphal duration and induced the reproduction. Moreover, viral titer significantly affected the lipid and protein contents in pea aphids. In summary, we proposed that ABV‐1 may have stable symbiont‐like relationships with aphids, and these observations may provide a new direction for studying bunyaviruses in aphids and establishing a model for virus–aphid interactions.
Consumer privacy and serial monopoly
Authors: Bhaskar V. , Roketskiy Nikita
Published: December 2021

We examine the implications of consumer privacy when preferences today depend upon past consumption choices, and consumers shop from different sellers in each period. Although consumers are ex ante identical, their initial consumption choices cannot be deterministic. Thus, ex post heterogeneity in preferences arises endogenously. Consumer privacy improves social welfare, consumer surplus and the profits of the second‐period seller, while reducing the profits of the first period seller, relative to the situation where consumption choices are observed by the later seller.
‘Australian sailors wanted’: Labour supply and Australian shipping, c. 1870–c. 1914
Authors: Ostapenko Dmytro , Kirkby Diane
Published: December 2021

In the pre‐1914 era Australia did not develop an ocean‐going merchant navy. The problem is well recognised in previous studies that assumed that it was high Australian wages that made the operational cost of deep‐sea vessels uncompetitive on a global scale. This article reconstructs historical shifts in the Australian market for a seagoing workforce and demonstrates there was low recruitment of Australian labour. Drawing on new sources and inspired by efficiency wage theory the article argues that it was this shortage of a domestic labour supply that constrained the development of a national deep‐sea shipping industry.
Intraspecific competition and persistence inAcanthoscelides macrophthalmus(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): an experimental analysis in a stage‐structured population
Authors: Iano Daniela M , Araújo Bruno L , Rossi Marcelo N
Published: December 2021

Intraspecific competition is an ecological process that can affect the structure of populations with important consequences for population persistence. In this study, we investigated (in the larval stage) the effect of intraspecific competition in the seed‐feeding beetleAcanthoscelides macrophthalmuson its population structure and persistence. By using Leslie matrices, which are useful to project future population sizes of structured populations, we conducted demographic analysis when competition was (more than one larva per seed) and was not (one larva per seed) present. The hypothesis that competition reduces the finite rate of population growth, the survival of the immatures and the fecundity of females, influencing population persistence, was tested. To understand whether intraspecific competition is a common process in this system, the oviposition pattern was also studied. We found that in the presence of competition, the larvae from the third instar were smaller than those in the absence of competition and, in the presence of competition, fewer larvae reached the adult stage. Larval survival was lower in the presence of competition, particularly from the third larval stage until the pupal stage, and the fecundity of females was also reduced in the presence of competition, which affected the population structure. Although we showed that populations may either grow geometrically or go extinct in absence and presence of competition, respectively, the finite rates of population increase did not differ from 1.0 when compared to the estimated confidence intervals. Therefore, although larval competition may affect the structure of this seed‐feeding beetle, there is no clear evidence that this ecological process can negatively affect its persistence. Furthermore, most seeds with eggs had just one egg per seed, which suggests that competition should occur with low frequency under natural conditions.
Ambulatory electrocardiographic markers predict serious cardiac events in patients with chronic kidney disease: The Japanese Noninvasive Electrocardiographic Risk Stratification of Sudden Cardiac Death in Chronic Kidney Disease (JANIES‐CKD) study
Authors: Hashimoto Kenichi , Kinoshita Toshio , Miwa Yosuke , Amino Mari , Yoshioka Koichiro , Yodogawa Kenji , Nakagawa Mikiko , Nakamura Kohki , Watanabe Eiichi , Nakamura Kentaro , Watanabe Tetsu , Kasamaki Yuji , Ikeda Takanori
Published: December 2021

Background

Noninvasive electrocardiographic markers (NIEMs) are promising arrhythmic risk stratification tools for assessing the risk of sudden cardiac death. However, little is known about their utility in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and organic heart disease. This study aimed to determine whether NIEMs can predict cardiac events in patients with CKD and structural heart disease (CKD‐SHD).

Methods

We prospectively analyzed 183 CKD‐SHD patients (median age, 69 years [interquartile range, 61−77 years]) who underwent 24‐h ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and assessed the worst values for ambulatory‐based late potentials (w‐LPs), heart rate turbulence, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of documented lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia) or cardiac death. The secondary endpoint was admission for cardiovascular causes.

Results

Thirteen patients reached the primary endpoint during a follow‐up period of 24 ± 11 months. Cox univariate regression analysis showed that existence of w‐LPs (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4−22.3, p = .007) and NSVT [HR = 8.72, 95% CI: 2.8−26.5: p < .001] was significantly associated with the primary endpoint. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that the combination of w‐LPs and NSVT resulted in a lower event‐free survival rate than did other NIEMs (p < .0001). No NIEM was useful in predicting the secondary endpoint, although the left ventricular mass index was correlated with the secondary endpoint.

Conclusion

The combination of w‐LPs and NSVT was a significant risk factor for lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias and cardiac death in CKD‐SHD patients.
How to improve the quality of World Psychiatric Association educational activities? Results from an online survey with World Psychiatric Association zonal representatives
Authors: Sampogna Gaia , Fiorillo Andrea , Wasserman Danuta
Published: December 2021

Introduction

The World Psychiatric Association (WPA), a global association representing 145 psychiatric societies in 121 countries, has a specific focus on education and learning, promoting educational programs on a regular basis. Education in mental health is a continuously evolving phenomenon, although it happens quite often that it is still based on a knowledge formed in the last century and with the latest scientific updates mainly available in English. The WPA is constantly committed in improving and updating the type of educational materials available and ready to be disseminated worldwide.

Methods

An online survey has been developed and sent to the 18 WPA zonal representatives in order: to evaluate the educational needs for mental health, to translate materials into native languages or inclusivity, and to prioritize educational activities to be developed by the WPA in the next years.

Results

Fifteen out of the 18 zonal representatives participated in the study. According to the public mental health perspective, collaboration with general practitioners (GPs) (80%), communities/stakeholders (66.7%) and programs for promoting mental health in schools (53.3%) are the most prioritized activities carried out. Programs for suicide prevention (86.7%) and promotion of mental health and well‐being in the general population (66.7%) are considered as the most relevant to be implemented. From the healthcare perspective, new knowledge on pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions (73%) was requested. The educational packages are mostly available in the English language, although respondents prioritize the translation of WPA educational material into, at least, Spanish and French. The most preferred formats for educational activities are webinar live (80%) and key opinion lectures (66.7%).

Conclusions

These findings represent the first step in the continuing promotion of education carried out by the WPA. We aim to run these kinds of initiatives from time to time in order to adapt themes and topics of these materials to the real educational needs of all mental healthcare professionals worldwide.
Training and retaining mental health professionals: The Romanian experience in the European Union
Authors: Giurgiuca Ana , Giurgi‐Oncu Catalina , Matei Valentin Petre
Published: December 2021

Background

Romania has been a member of the European Union since 2007. According to the World Health Organization, the national burden of mental disorders is high, with 2743.69 disability‐adjusted life years per 100.000 population. Moreover, in a country of 19 million people, Romania's mental health system is currently functioning at capacity, with 5.66 adult psychiatrists/100.000 population and only 0.56 child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) doctors per 100.000 population.

Method

we conducted a simple narrative review of the current literature on the topic of training of psychiatry trainees in Romania.

Results

Undergraduate training consists of only 4 weeks of clinical and theoretical work for adult and CAP. Psychiatry postgraduate training lasts 5 years and is still duration‐oriented. Psychiatric trainees mostly spend their clinical work in inpatient units due to the scarcity of other services or the lack of integration of training programs in the existing psychiatric services. Theoretical training is not nationally formalized, and, during training, yearly assessments tend to be neglected. An ongoing challenge in Romania has been retaining young career psychiatrists.

Conclusion

Although in a trend toward improvement of health services, "brain drain" has been and continues to be a massive phenomenon among Romanian psychiatrists, mainly driven to Western‐European countries due to financial reasons, various shortcomings in overall infrastructure, and because of the lack of continuous professional and personal development opportunities. As the world is currently facing an unprecedented mental health crisis, steps must be taken to improve psychiatric training, retain psychiatrists in Romania, and provide better national mental health services.
Laparoscopic resection of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor that recurred more than 15 years after surgery using lighted ureteral catheters: A case report
Authors: Saito Hiroshi , Kotake Masanori , Ogawa Jyunichi , Hashimoto Masashi , Sawada Koichiro , Oshima Masahiro , Hada Masahiro , Kato Yosuke , Oyama Kaeko , Hara Takuo , Inaki Noriyuki
Published: December 2021

A 69‐year‐old woman underwent abdominoperineal resection for a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the rectum 15 years ago. She received adjuvant chemotherapy for 8 years. Seven years later, abdominal computed tomography revealed a soft‐tissue shadow in the left lower abdomen, and fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was observed at the same site on positron emission tomography. The recurrence of GIST was suspected, and laparoscopic resection was performed. Laparoscopy showed that the tumor was located at the retroperitoneum near to the descending colon and invaded the left ovarian vessels. It also made contact with the left ureter; however, lighted ureteral catheters enabled us to identify and preserve the left ureter. An immunohistochemical examination revealed the recurrence of GIST. Recurrence may become apparent 15 years or more after GIST surgery, and, thus, a long‐term follow‐up is required. Lighted ureteral catheters were useful for identifying the ureter and preventing ureteral injury in a recurrent case suspected of invading the ureter.
Assembling Success: Desire, Worker Mobility, and Value Creation in Finnish Ice Hockey
Authors: Pietikäinen Sari , Hegel Christine
Published: December 2021

Building on Deleuze and Guattari’s assemblage theories, this paper offers an ethnography of work focused on a professional ice hockey team in Finland, where hockey is the leading sport in terms of popularity and economic investment. It is an analysis of the everyday investments in developing individual players’ skills and in building teams capable of high levels of cooperation under conditions of unpredictability. By looking at team formation as an emergent set of practices, materialities, discourses, and affects, we are better able to account for how corporations of this kind mitigate the deterritorializing effects of player mobility through processes of reterritorialization. As such, the analysis offers insights into modalities of value creation in a corporate model that relies not only on the constant improvement of worker performance in ways that can be easily measured but also on intangible facets of worker collaboration that manifest as collective desire.
Learning and Labor in Ethnographic Apprenticeship
Authors: Waugh‐Quasebarth Jasper
Published: December 2021

This article describes apprenticeship as an ethnographic field method, exploring the forms ethnographic apprenticeship takes, the working knowledge passed through situated practice, and the impacts that working as a craft apprentice has on the work of anthropology. I draw on my experience as an apprentice luthier in West Virginia with two musical instrument makers to show how apprenticeship is a relational process contingent on context, its efficacy in communicating affective and embodied practices essential to understanding the meaning of craft labor to practitioners, and the implications for collaboration, reciprocity, learning, and documentation within ethnographic fieldwork and the discipline of anthropology.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β/CCR6‐positive bone marrow cells correlate with disease activity in multicentric Castleman disease‐TAFRO
Authors: Abe Nobuya , Kono Michihito , Kono Michihiro , Ohnishi Naoki , Sato Tomoya , Tarumi Masato , Yoshimura Masaru , Sato Taiki , Karino Kohei , Shimizu Yuka , Fujieda Yuichiro , Kato Masaru , Hasebe Rie , Oku Kenji , Murakami Masaaki , Atsumi Tatsuya
Published: December 2021

Multicentric Castleman disease–thrombocytopenia, anasarca, reticulin fibrosis of bone marrow, renal dysfunction and organomegaly (MCD‐TAFRO)—is an emergent phenotype characterized by lymphoproliferation, fluid collection, hemocytopenia and multiple organopathy. Although studies have demonstrated an aberrant blood cytokine/chemokine profile referred to as “chemokine storm”, the pathogenesis remains unclear. We aimed to identify pathogenic key molecules, potential diagnostic targets and therapeutic markers in MCD‐TAFRO using serum cytokine/chemokine profiles. We performed the targeted cytokine/chemokine multiplex analysis in six cases of MCD‐TAFRO with remission or non‐remission status. We observed significant changes in serum concentrations of CCL2, CCL5, and Chitinase‐3‐like‐1 in the MCD‐TAFRO patients with active state compared to inactive state. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and CCR6, which is expressed in megakaryocytes, were detected as upstream positive regulators for activating MCD‐TAFRO status. More GSK3β+CCR6+ cells like megakaryocytes were detected in the bone marrow of patients with MCD‐TAFRO than in those with systemic lupus erythematosus, MCD‐not otherwise specified or autoimmune haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The cellularity of GSK3β+CCR6+ cells was correlated with disease activity, including thrombocytopenia and anaemia. In conclusion, GSK3β and CCR6 of bone marrow cells were potentially involved in the pathogenesis of MCD‐TAFRO and may act as diagnostic targets and therapeutic markers.
Towards understanding the extensive diversity of protein N‐glycan structures in eukaryotes
Authors: Toustou Charlotte , Walet‐Balieu Marie‐Laure , Kiefer‐Meyer Marie‐Christine , Houdou Marine , Lerouge Patrice , Foulquier François , Bardor Muriel
Published: December 2021

N‐glycosylation is an important post‐translational modification of proteins that has been highly conserved during evolution and is found in Eukaryota, Bacteria and Archaea. In eukaryotes, N‐glycan processing is sequential, involving multiple specific steps within the secretory pathway as proteins travel through the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. In this review, we first summarize the different steps of the N‐glycan processing and further describe recent findings regarding the diversity of N‐glycan structures in eukaryotic clades. This comparison allows us to explore the different regulation mechanisms of N‐glycan processing among eukaryotic clades. Recent findings regarding the regulation of protein N‐glycosylation are highlighted, especially the regulation of the biosynthesis of complex‐type N‐glycans through manganese and calcium homeostasis and the specific role of transmembrane protein 165 (TMEM165) for which homologous sequences have been identified in several eukaryotic clades. Further research will be required to characterize the function of TMEM165 homologous sequences in different eukaryotic clades.
Evidence for hawkmoth pollination in the chiropterophilous African baobab (Adansonia digitata)
Authors: Karimi Nisa , Saghafi Samuel , Keefover‐Ring Ken , Venter Sarah M. , Ané Cécile , Baum David A.
Published: December 2021

Chiropterophily, or bat pollination, is typically considered a highly specialized pollination system that has evolved independently numerous times across the angiosperm phylogeny, with distinct lineages often converging on a similar suite of floral traits. The African baobab,Adansonia digitata, occurs widespread across continental Africa and introduced throughout much of the tropics, possesses floral traits classically associated with bat pollination, namely nocturnal anthesis, pendulous white flowers, and a “musky” fragrance. Despite this, our observations and pollination exclusion experiments in South African baobab populations suggested little if any role for bats, but instead showed that hawkmoths are the main pollinators. Hand pollination indicated strong self‐incompatibility and crossing experiments suggest minimal diurnal receptivity. Furthermore, our analyses of floral volatiles revealed not only sulfur‐containing compounds, commonly associated with bat pollination, but also a high concentration of the sesquiterpene β‐caryophyllene, a compound generally more typical of hawkmoth pollination. Comparing previous pollination studies and published floral scent profiles from West Africa suggests that the classic bat pollination system in baobabs may be more labile than previously thought. This study provides an empirical example of a species that most likely evolved due to bat pollination yet has some degree of generality and possible geographic variation in floral traits and pollinator visitation patterns across its range.
Biomolecular condensates in cancer biology
Authors: Suzuki Hiroshi I. , Onimaru Koh
Published: December 2021

Understanding the characteristics of cancer cells is essential for the development of improved diagnosis and therapeutics. From a gene regulation perspective, the super‐enhancer concept has been introduced to systematically understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the identities of various cell types and has been extended to the analysis of cancer cells and cancer genome alterations. In addition, several characteristic features of super‐enhancers have led to the recognition of the link between gene regulation and biomolecular condensates, which is often mediated by liquid‐liquid phase separation. Several lines of evidence have suggested molecular and biophysical principles and their alterations in cancer cells, which are particularly associated with gene regulation and cell signaling (“ transcriptional” and “signaling” condensates). These findings collectively suggest that the modification of biomolecular condensates represents an important mechanism by which cancer cells acquire various cancer hallmark traits and establish functional innovation for cancer initiation and progression. The condensate model also provides the molecular basis of the vulnerability of cancer cells to transcriptional perturbation and further suggests the possibility of therapeutic targeting of condensates. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the relationships between super‐enhancers and biomolecular condensate models, multiple scenarios of condensate alterations in cancers, and the potential of the condensate model for therapeutic development.
Quinoline‐based thiazolidinone derivatives as potent cytotoxic and apoptosis‐inducing agents through EGFR inhibition
Authors: Nafie Mohamed S. , Kishk Safaa M. , Mahgoub Sebaey , Amer Atef M.
Published: December 2021

Quinoline‐based thiazolidinone heterocycles exhibited potent activity in the field of cancer therapy. Hence, ten quinoline‐based thiazolidinone derivatives were evaluated for their anticancer activity through cytotoxic activity, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition pathway, apoptosis investigation through flow cytometric analyses, RT‐PCR gene expression, in vivo solid‐Ehrlich carcinoma model, and finally in silico approach for highlighting the interaction pose. Results revealed that compound 7 exhibited cytotoxic activity against HCT‐116 cells with an IC50 value of 7.43 µM compared to 5‐FU (IC50 = 11.36 µM) with moderate cytotoxic activity against the FHC (IC50 = 35.27 µM), and it exhibited remarkable inhibition activity of EGFR with IC50 value of 96.43 nM compared to Erlotinib (IC50 = 78.65 nM). Moreover, it significantly stimulated apoptotic colon cancer cell death with 171.58‐fold arresting cell cycle at G2 and S‐phases. Additionally, it ameliorated both biochemical and histochemical structures near normal with tumor inhibition ratio of 52.92% compared to 5‐FU of 57.16%, with immunohistochemical examinations of EGFR inhibition in the treated group compared to control. Finally, molecular docking study highlighted its good binding affinity through good interactive binding pose inside the EGFR protein. In conclusion, the potent EGFR inhibitory activity of compound 7 was investigated using three integrated approaches in vitro, in vivo, and in silico, so it worth be validated and developed as a chemotherapeutic anticancer agent.
Youth participation: Adultism, human rights and professional youth work
Authors: Corney Tim , Cooper Trudi , Shier Harry , Williamson Howard
Published: December 2021

This article argues that the right of young people to participate in decisions being made about them forms the basis for professional youth work practice. The authors consider the nature of ‘participation’ and its relation to human rights, and introduces the concept of ‘adultism’ and the challenges for youth workers combatting ‘adultist’ beliefs and practices in the work of participation. The paper considers the benefits and limitations of youth participation models, and addresses the relationship between rights‐based participation practice, and critical pedagogy (dialogical) in youth work.
Two Approaches to Measuring Social Impact in Utah Museums
Authors: Ross Nelson Kari , Ortiz Jennifer , Ashton Stephen , Johnson Emily
Published: December 2021

With strong competition for funding, museums need to be able to clearly and concretely demonstrate their impact. In this paper we present two case studies to document the social impact of museums in Utah. In 2015, Thanksgiving Point, a multi‐museum complex, recruited families who had never visited to attend each museum then to take a comprehensive survey measuring indicators of social impact. Positive findings from the Thanksgiving Point study encouraged the Utah Division of Arts and Museums to expand on the model to include eight museums, representative of museums state‐wide, and attempt to measure social impact for the museums collectively as well as individually. Both studies showed that those who visit museums have experiences that lead to strengthened relationships, a greater sense of personal health and wellbeing, and higher educational engagement; and the state study revealed that museum visitors also developed greater interculture competency. Findings from both studies have been used to evaluatively reflect on internal practices and to garner support for external funding. This article begins with a discussion of dialog in the field around measuring the impact of museums, then describes the processes and lessons learned from these studies.
Resilience in care organisations: challenges in maintaining support for vulnerable people in Europe during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Orru Kati , Nero Kristi , Nævestad Tor‐Olav , Schieffelers Abriel , Olson Alexandra , Airola Merja , Kazemekaityte Austeja , Lovasz Gabriella , Scurci Giuseppe , Ludvigsen Johanna , de los Rios Pérez Daniel A.
Published: December 2021

The Covid‐19 pandemic has challenged the resilience of care organisations (and those dependent on them), especially when services are stopped or restricted. This study focuses on the experiences of care organisations that offer services to individuals in highly precarious situations in 10 European countries. It is based on 32 qualitative interviews and three workshops with managers and staff. The four key types of organisations reviewed largely had the same adaptation patterns in all countries. The most drastic changes were experienced by day centres, which had to suspend or digitise services, whereas night shelters and soup kitchens had to reorganise broadly their work; residential facilities were minimally affected. Given the drastic surge in demand for services, reliance on an overburdened (volunteer) workforce, and a lack of crisis plans, the care organisations with long‐term trust networks with clients and intra‐organisational cooperation adapted easier. The outcomes were worse for new clients, migrants, psychologically vulnerable people, and those with limited communicative abilities.
Covid‐19 in Brazil in an era of necropolitics: resistance in the face of disaster
Authors: Muniz Renata Cavalcanti , Ferradas Fiorella Macchiavello , Gomez Georgina M. , Pegler Lee J.
Published: December 2021

The Covid‐19 pandemic has been a massive disaster in Brazil, causing more than 350,000 deaths as of April 2021. Moreover, President Jair Bolsonaro suggested that already marginalised groups should take what came to them, as if they were an expendable surplus in his necropolitical perspective. However, civil society initiatives are emerging to tackle the impacts of this crisis. This paper adds to current literature on the forms and levels of resistance to disasters, using primary and secondary data pertaining to three key Brazilian groups: domestic workers; the urban poor in favelas; and indigenous Amazonians. The analysis indicates that their historical, political resistance has been a foundation upon which to develop disaster mitigation and their actions have built on and gone beyond previous modes of organising. More specifically, their responses have replaced a ‘present–absent’ federal government, entailed local, innovative adaptations, led to new public–private sector relations, and may offer the prospect of consolidation.
Transthoracic ultrasound; seeking the heart in a patient with a large left‐sided cirrhotic hydrothorax
Authors: Dimitroglou Yannis , Patsourakos Dimitrios , Kalompatsou Argyro , Tsioufis Constantinos , Aggeli Constantina
Published: December 2021

A case of a patient with liver cirrhosis and a large left‐sided pleural effusion displacing the heart rightward is presented and the best views to acquire images enabling evaluation of the cardiac function are highlighted. Understanding the modified intrathoracic anatomy in patients with pleural effusions enables quick and focused assessment and can shorten evaluation time while preserving high image quality.
Increased mortality following Guillain–Barré syndrome: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Levison Lotte Sahin , Thomsen Reimar Wernich , Andersen Henning
Published: December 2021

Background and purpose

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) may be fatal in the acute phase but also affect long‐term prognosis due to irreversible sequelae and secondary medical complications. We determined the short‐term, intermediate, and long‐term mortality of GBS compared to the general population.

Methods

Individual‐level data from nationwide registries were linked in this matched cohort study of all first‐time hospital‐diagnosed GBS patients in Denmark between 1987 and 2016 and 10 individuals from the general population, matched on age, sex, and index date. We used Cox regression analysis to calculate matched mortality hazard ratios (HRs) following GBS, assessing short‐term (0–6 months), intermediate (>6 months–4 years), and long‐term (>4 years) mortality.

Results

We identified 2414 patients with GBS and 23,909 matched individuals from the general population. Short‐term mortality was 4.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.0–5.8) and 0.8% (95% CI = 0.7–0.9) for GBS patients and general population members, respectively, resulting in an HR of 6.6 (95% CI = 4.0–5.8). Intermediate mortality was 7.6% (95% CI = 6.5–8.9), compared with 5.8% (95% CI = 5.5–6.1) for general population members, corresponding to an HR of 1.5 (95% CI = 1.3–1.8). After the first 4 years, long‐term mortality showed similar results for GBS patients and general population members (HR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.9–1.2).

Conclusions

During the first 6 months after GBS hospital admission, GBS was associated with a 6.6‐fold increased mortality as compared with the background population of the same age. Mortality remained increased for approximately 4 years following GBS, and then leveled off to a similar long‐term mortality rate.
Abnormal functional connectivity profiles predict drug responsiveness in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Wang Kangrun , Xie Fangfang , Liu Chaorong , Tan Langzi , He Jialinzi , Hu Ping , Zhang Min , Wang Ge , Chen Fenghua , Xiao Bo , Liao Weihua , Long Lili
Published: December 2021

Objective

This work was undertaken to study the functional connectivity differences between non‐seizure‐free and seizure‐free patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and to identify imaging predictors for drug responsiveness in TLE.

Methods

In this prospective study, 52 patients with TLE who presented undetermined antiseizure medication responsiveness and 55 demographically matched healthy controls were sequentially recruited from Xiangya Hospital. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired during a Chinese version of the verbal fluency task. The patients were followed up until the outcome could be classified. The subject groups were compared in terms of activation profile, task‐residual functional connectivity (trFC), and generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analyses. Moreover, we extracted imaging characteristics for logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic evaluation.

Results

With a mean follow‐up of 1.1 years, we identified 27 non‐seizure‐free patients and 19 seizure‐free patients in the final analyses. The Chinese character verbal fluency task successfully activated the language network and cognitive control network (CCN) and deactivated the default mode network (DMN). In the non‐seizure‐freedom group, the trFC between the hippocampus and bilateral brain networks was attenuated (p < .05, familywise error corrected). For the gPPI analysis, group differences were mainly located in the precuneus, middle frontal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule (p < .001, uncorrected; k ≥ 10). The regression model presented high accuracy when predicting non‐seizure‐free patients (area under the curve = .879, 95% confidence interval = .761–.998).

Significance

In patients with TLE who would not achieve seizure freedom with current antiseizure medications, the functional connectivity between the hippocampus and central nodes of the DMN, CCN, and language network was disrupted, leading to language decline. Independent of hippocampal sclerosis, abnormalities, especially the effective connectivity from the hippocampus to the DMN, were predictive biomarkers of drug responsiveness in patients with TLE.