bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new QRS detector stress test combining temporal jitter and F-score (JF) reveals significant performance differences amongst popular detectors
Authors: Porr Bernd , Macfarlane Peter W.
Published: November 2024

QRS detection within an electrocardiogram (ECG) is the basis of virtually any further processing and any error caused by this detection will propagate to further processing stages. However, standard benchmarking procedures of QRS detectors are seriously flawed because they report almost always close to 100% accuracy for any QRS detection algorithm. This is due to the use of large temporal error margins and noise-free ECG databases which grossly overestimate their performance. The use of a large fixed error margin masks temporal jitter between detection and ground truth measurements. Here, we present a new performance measure (JF) which combines temporal jitter with the F-score, and also an ECG database with decreasing levels of signal to noise ratios based on noise generated from different tasks. Our new performance measure JF fully encompasses all the types of errors that can occur, equally weights them and provides a percentage value which allows direct comparison between QRS detection algorithms. In combination with the new noisy ECG database, the JF performance measure now varies between 50% and 100% for different detectors and signal to noise conditions thereby making it possible to find the best detector for an application.
Delayed presentation of breast cancer patients and contributing factors in East Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mulugeta Chalie , Emagneneh Tadele , Kumie Getinet , Ejigu Betelhem , Alamrew Abebaw
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Breast cancer remains a significant public health issue, with delayed medical attention often leading to advanced stages and poorer survival rates. In East Africa, evidence on the prevalence and factors contributing to the delayed presentation of breast cancer is limited. As a result, this study aims to assess the pooled prevalence of delayed breast cancer presentation and identify contributing factors in East Africa.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of observational studies from East Africa using PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane Library, Hinari, and Mednar databases. The Newcastle Ottawa 2016 Critical Appraisal Checklist assessed methodological quality. Publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger’s test, and heterogeneity was examined with the I-squared test. Data were extracted with Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Stata 11.

Results

The pooled prevalence of delayed presentation among breast cancer patients in East Africa was 61.85% (95% Confidence Interval: 48.83%–74.88%). Significant factors contributing to delayed presentation included visiting traditional healers (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 3.52; 95% CI: 1.43–5.59), low educational levels (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 3.61; 95% CI: 2.39–4.82), age>40 years (Adjusted Odds Ratio 1.87; 1.03, 2.71), absence of breast pain (Adjusted Odds Ratio 2.42; 1.09, 3.74), distance >5km away from home to health institution (Adjusted Odds Ratio 2.89; 1.54, 4.24), and rural residence (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 3.33; 95% CI: 2.16–4.49).

Conclusion

This meta-analysis’s findings demonstrated that over half of breast cancer patients in East Africa delayed detection. Significant factors associated with delayed presentation include age over 40 years, illiteracy, rural residence, use of traditional healers, distance greater than 5 km from a health facility, and absence of breast pain. Healthcare stakeholders and policymakers must be focused on raising awareness and educating people to encourage early detection and prompt therapy.
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in human health: Experience from the tricycle project, Ghana
Authors: Obeng-Nkrumah Noah , Korang-Labi Appiah , Kwao Paul , Egyir Beverly , Nuertey Benjamin D. , Hedidor George , Boateng Gifty , Asah-Opoku Kwaku , Dankwah Thomas , Okine Esther , Opintan Japheth A.
Published: November 2024

Background

Vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women, are at increased risk of potentially life-threatening infections with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) for both mother and newborn. However, data regarding ESBL-E carriage and associated risk factors in Ghanaian pregnant women remain scarce.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ESBL-E carriage and its associated risk factors among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital.

Methods

A systematic sample of 700 pregnant women with gestational age ≥ 34 weeks attending the antenatal clinic at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital was included in the study. After administering a structured questionnaire to assess potential risk factors associated with ESBL-E carriage, patients were given a sterile stool container to submit at least 1 g of stool specimen. Recovered isolates from faecal specimens were identified using MALDI-TOF-MS technology. These isolates were then subjected to susceptibility testing and ESBL identification. A random subset of 24 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates was whole-genome sequenced on the MiSeq Illumina platform. Risk factors associated with ESBL-E carriage were determined using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results

Among the 700 pregnant women, 42% (294) carried ESBL-E. The predominant ESBL-producing Enterobacterales were Escherichia coli (95%). Fifty percent (50%) of ESBL-E were multidrug resistant isolates (MDRs). Whole-genome sequencing of 24 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates revealed that blaCTX-M-15 (96%) was the most prevalent ESBL gene type. Notably, most isolates belonged to commensal phylogenetic groups (A, B1, and C; 88%). Having a primary level of education (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.05–1.96) and consuming legumes as the main source of protein (aOR 0.17, 0.40–0.83) were significantly associated with intestinal carriage of ESBL-E.

Conclusion

This study identified a high prevalence of ESBL-E and MDR-ESBL-E carriage among pregnant women. Our findings underscore the urgent need for public health interventions to control the spread of AMR.
Research on recognition of slippery road surface and collision warning system based on deep learning
Authors: Du Huiqi , Wang Lei , Cai Mingjiang
Published: November 2024

Aiming at the problems of slow detection speed, large prediction error and weak environmental adaptability of current vehicle collision warning system, this paper proposes a recognition method of slippery road surface and collision warning system based on deep learning. Firstly, this paper uses the on-board camera to monitor the environment and road conditions in front of the vehicle in real time, and a residual network model FS-ResNet50 is proposed, which integrated SE attention mechanism and multi-level feature information based on the traditional ResNet50 model. The FS-ResNet50 model is used to identify the slippery states of the current road, such as wet and snowy. Secondly, the yolov5 algorithm is used to detect the position of the vehicle in front, and a driving safety distance model with adaptive traffic environment characteristics is established based on different road conditions and driving conditions, and an early warning area that dynamically changed with the speed and the road slippery states is generated. Finally, according to the relationship between the warning area and the position of the vehicle, the possible collision is predicted and timely warned. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper improves the overall warning accuracy by 6.72% and reduces the warning false alarm rate for oncoming traffic on both sides by 16.67% compared with the traditional collision warning system. It can ensure safe driving, especially in bad weather conditions and has a high application value.
Incidence and factors associated with prolonged use of mechanical ventilation in pediatric intensive care unit in a single tertiary care hospital
Authors: Pisitcholakarn Varisa , Sunkonkit Kanokkarn , Reungrongrat Sanit
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is frequently used as a life-supporting device in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU). To date, there are few studies evaluating the impact of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) in children which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the incidence and factors associated with PMV in PICU at our institution.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of children aged 1 month to 18 years who were admitted to the PICU at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand between January and December 2020. PMV was defined if the duration of IMV was ≥ 96 hours. Baseline characteristics and factors associated with PMV were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis, respectively. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Ninety-two episodes of IMV were performed in 90 children. The median (IQR) age of the children was 22.8 (7.2–111.9) months (male 64.1%). Forty-six of 92 (50%) children received PMV and 32.6% of children with PMV required a tracheostomy. Following multivariable analysis, factors associated with PMV were age <2 years old (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.04–7.84, p = 0.041), male gender (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.15–8.94, p = 0.026), and multiple antibiotics administration during PICU admission (OR 7.83, 95% CI 1.87–32.78, p = 0.005), respectively.

Conclusions

Pediatric PMV was notably common, with younger age, male gender, and multiple antibiotic use contributing to higher risk. Developing weaning protocols and strategies to reduce PMV duration is crucial.
Genome-wide scan for selection signatures in Mexican Sardo Negro Zebu cattle
Authors: Garduño López Victor Isaias , Martínez-Rocha Ricardo , Núñez Domínguez Rafael , Ramírez Valverde Rodolfo , Domínguez Viveros Joel , Reyes Ceron Antonio , Hidalgo Jorge
Published: November 2024

The Sardo Negro cattle (SN) is the only zebu cattle breed developed in Mexico. Since its development, the selection could have led to an increase in the homozygosity level in some regions of the genome and made differentiation with other cattle populations. We aimed to identify and characterize selection signatures in SN using medium-density SNP data using four approaches: 1) Runs of homozygosity (ROH) 2) Nucleotide Diversity 3) Tajima’s D and 4) the Wright’s fixation index (FST). A sample of 555 SN animals genotyped for 65k SNPs was used to obtain ROH segments considered regions under selection. The FST values were estimated by comparing the sample of genotyped SN animals with samples of genotyped animals from the Gir, Brahman, and Ongole breeds. Only one region mapped to 35.78–42.51 Mb on BTA6 was considered a selection signature by the ROH method. This selection signature overlapped with the lowest diversity, negative values of Tajima’s D and a diversification region between SN and the other Zebu breeds by FST. We found several candidate genes (LCORL, NCAPG, and SLIT2) related to growth and other economically important productive traits in this common region. Using the FST method, different regions, such as regions on BTA8 (8:93.4–93.9 Mb), BTA11 (11:99.2–99.7), and BTA14 (14: 26.1–26.8) related to growth and milk traits also were defined as candidate selection signatures. The selective signals identified in this study reflected the direction of the selection pressure that primarily involves the increase of live weight traits in the Sardo Negro cattle breeding program.
Research on the effect of multiple credit ratings from the perspective of financial regulatory systems in Chinese bond market
Authors: Zhou Xiangyun , Wang Huiling , Zhang Luping
Published: November 2024

This paper, starting from the effects of financial regulatory policies, considers the interaction between Chengxin_Moody and Lianhe_Fitch with the dual rating system and the multi-rating system, constructs a new ordered Logit model, and attempts to explore the impact of the Notice, the dual rating system and the multiple rating system on the probability of Chinese corporate bond defaults, rating upgrades, rating downgrades, and the magnitude of credit rating migrations. This study compares the effectiveness of different rating regulatory systems. Using nine thousand two hundred and sixty-two data of Chinese corporate bonds as the research samples. Empirical analysis and robustness test reveal the following findings: (1) The issuance of the Notice has a significant positive effect on the implementation of both the dual rating system and the multiple rating system, with a greater impact on the implementation of the multiple rating system; (2) The issuance of the Notice, along with the dual rating system and the multiple rating system, can all reduce the probability of corporate bond defaults, with the multiple rating system showing the best preventive effect against corporate bond defaults; (3) The dual rating system is more effective in promoting rating agencies to adjust rating behaviors, accurately correcting corporate bond ratings and effectively alleviating the issue of rating inflation. Competition among rating agencies intensifies rating shopping; (4) Under the dual rating system, rating agencies are more likely to expand the magnitude of credit rating upgrades and downgrades, enhancing the differentiation between high-quality corporate bonds and junk corporate bonds; (5) The selection of rating information from Chengxin_Moody and Lianhe_Fitch can appropriately adjust the degree of flexibility or tightening in response to rating regulatory systems. Chengxin_Moody demonstrates a more sensitive reaction compared to Lianhe_Fitch regarding the rating regulatory systems. This study provides valuable references for the formulation and evaluation of the effectiveness of Chinese corporate bond rating regulatory policies.
Combinatorial effects of cannabinoid receptor 1 and 2 agonists on characteristics and proteomic alteration in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
Authors: Chutoe Chartinun , Inson Ingon , Krobthong Sucheewin , Phueakphud Nut , Khunluck Tueanjai , Wongtrakoongate Patompon , Charoenphandhu Narattaphol , Lertsuwan Kornkamon
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. However, the effective treatment for breast cancer progression is still being sought. The activation of cannabinoid receptor (CB) has been shown to negatively affect breast cancer cell survival. Our previous study also reported that breast cancer cells responded to various combinations of CB1 and CB2 agonists differently. Nonetheless, the mechanism underlying this effect and whether this phenomenon can be seen in other cancer characteristics remain unknown. Therefore, this study aims to further elucidate the effects of highly selective CB agonists and their combination on triple-negative breast cancer proliferation, cell cycle progression, invasion, lamellipodia formation as well as proteomic profile of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The presence of CB agonists, specifically a 2:1 (ACEA: GW405833) combination, prominently inhibited colony formation and induced the S-phase cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, cell invasion ability and lamellipodia formation of MDA-MB-231 were also attenuated by the exposure of CB agonists and their 2:1 combination ratio. Our proteomic analysis revealed proteomic profile alteration in MDA-MB-231 upon CB exposure that potentially led to breast cancer suppression, such as ZPR1/SHC1/MAPK-mediated cell proliferation and AXL/VAV2/RAC1-mediated cell motility pathways. Our findings showed that selective CB agonists and their combination suppressed breast cancer characteristics in MDA-MB-231 cells. The exposure of CB agonists also altered the proteomic profile of MDA-MB-231, which could lead to cell proliferation and motility suppression.
Effects of short-term isolation on social behaviors in prairie voles
Authors: Madrid Jesus E. , Pranic Nicole M. , Chu Samantha , Bergstrom Johanna J. D. , Singh Rhea , Rabinovich Joclin , Lopez Kaycee Arias , Ophir Alexander G. , Tschida Katherine A.
Published: November 2024

Social isolation affects the brain and behavior in a variety of animals, including humans. Studies in traditional laboratory rodents, including mice and rats, have supported the idea that short-term social isolation promotes affiliative social behaviors, while long-term isolation promotes anti-social behaviors, including increased aggression. Whether the effects of isolation on the social behaviors of mice and rats generalize to other rodents remains understudied. In the current study, we characterized the effects of short-term (3-days) social isolation on the social behaviors of adult prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) during same-sex and opposite-sex social interactions. Our experiments revealed that short-term isolation did not affect rates of ultrasonic vocalizations or time spent in non-aggressive social behaviors and huddling during same-sex and opposite-sex interactions. Unexpectedly, although short-term isolation also did not affect time spent in resident-initiated and mutually-initiated aggressive behavior, we found that short-term isolation increased time spent in visitor-initiated aggression during male-male interactions. Our findings highlight the importance of comparative work across species and the consideration of social context to understand the diverse ways in which social isolation can impact social behavior.
Active tuberculosis disease among people living with HIV on ART who completed tuberculosis preventive therapy at three public hospitals in Uganda
Authors: Turinawe Gaston , Asaasira Derrick , Kajumba Margret Banana , Mugumya Ivan , Walusimbi Dennis , Tebagalika Florence Zawedde , Wasswa Francis Kakooza , Turyasiima Munanura , Kayizzi Susan Wendy Wandera , Odwee Ambrose , Namajja Khawa , Nakawooya Mabel , Lwevola Paul , Nsubuga Deo , Nabaasa Bruce , Atuhaire Shallon , Dahiru Musa , Kimuli Derrick
Published: November 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) reduces the incidence of TB among people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). However, despite an increase in TPT uptake, TB/HIV coinfection remains stagnant in Uganda especially in areas of increasing HIV incidence such as the Bunyoro sub-region. This study was a retrospective review records (antiretroviral therapy [ART] files) of PLHIV who were active on ART and completed TPT in 2019/2020 at three major hospitals in the Bunyoro sub-region, Uganda: Masindi General Hospital, Hoima Regional Referral Hospital, and Kiryandongo General Hospital. The sample size (987) for each facility was determined using a proportionate sampling method to ensure the study’s power and precision. Factors independently associated with acquiring TB disease post TPT were determined using modified Poisson regression analysis. An adjusted prevalence risk ratio (aPRR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were reported. The participants’ mean age was 38.23 (±11.70) and the majority were female (64.94%). Overall, 9.63% developed active TB disease post TPT completion. In the adjusted analysis, factors associated with active TB disease were a history of an unsuppressed viral load after TPT (aPRR 4.64 (2.85–7.56), p<0.001), opportunistic infections after TPT completion (aPRR 4.31 (aPRR 2.58–7.2), p<0.001), a history of TB active TB disease (aPRR 1.60 (1.06–2.41), p = 0.026), and chronic illness during or after TPT (aPRR 1.68 (1.03–2.73), p = 0.038). To reduce the development of TB disease post TPT thereby improving the effectiveness of TPT, ART adherence should be emphasized to resolve viral suppression and active management of chronic and opportunistic infections. Further clinical management consideration and research is needed for PLHIV who receive TPT but have a previous history of TB disease.
Better accuracy of robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty compared to conventional technique in patients with failed high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Baek Ji-Hoon , Lee Su Chan , Lee Dong Nyoung , Heo Juneyoung , Kim Taehyeon , Ahn Hye Sun , Nam Chang Hyun
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes, mechanical axis, component positioning, leg length discrepancy (LLD), and polyethylene liner thickness between robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and conventional TKA in patients with failed high tibial osteotomy (HTO).

Methods

A total of 30 patients (30 knees) with failed HTO who underwent TKA using a robot-assisted system between June 2020 and December 2023 were included in this study (robotic group). Additionally, 60 patients (60 knees) with failed HTO who underwent conventional TKA were included as controls (conventional group). Propensity score matching was performed using a 2:1 ratio between the matched participants. The mean follow-up period was 2.1 years in the robotic group and 2.2 years in the conventional group. Clinical evaluations were performed using the Knee Society Score (KSS) rating system. Mechanical axis, component coronal and sagittal positioning, and LLD were evaluated using postoperative radiographs. The thickness of the polyethylene liner was also determined. The mean error values and outliers were calculated and compared between the two groups to determine the accuracy of the mechanical axis, postoperative component positioning, and LLD.

Results

The postoperative KSSs in the robotic and conventional groups were not statistically different. The robotic group achieved better accuracy than the conventional group in terms of postoperative mean mechanical axis (1.7° vs. 2.4°, p < 0.05), femur coronal inclination (90.0° vs. 91.6°, p < 0.05), tibial coronal inclination (90.3° vs. 91.3°, p < 0.05), tibial sagittal inclination (90.5° vs. 91.4°, p < 0.05), and LLD (2.2 vs. 7.0 mm, p < 0.05). A significant difference in polyethylene liner thickness was observed between the two groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Robotic-assisted TKA showed improved mechanical axis, higher accuracy of component positioning and polyethylene liner thickness, and reduced LLD compared with those of conventional TKA in patients with failed HTO. Further studies with a larger sample size and long-term follow-up are warranted to ascertain whether the accuracy of robotic-assisted TKA can translate into better clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.
Advancing the First Implantable Immune Organs to Treat Ovarian Cancer: Wyss Institute’s iNodes team receives ARPA-H Sprint for Women’s Health Award
Authors:   The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boettner Benjamin
Published: November 2024

Ovarian cancer is more deadly than any other type of female reproductive organ cancer. It is estimated that in 2024, in the U.S. alone, more than 12,000 women will die from the disease because available therapies are not effective. To help overcome this striking deficit in women’s health, ARPA-H has selected a team at the Wyss Institute at Harvard University as an awardee of its Sprint for Women’s Health effort to develop “iNodes” – implantable lymphoid organs containing patients’ immune cells – as an entirely novel form of personalized immunotherapy to treat ovarian cancer.
Sentiment Analysis for Detecting Early Signs of Depression in Social Media Posts
Authors: Sarkar Dhrubasish , Kumar Piyush , Samanta Poulomi , Dutta Suchandra , Chatterjee Moumita
Published: November 2024

Depression remains a critical public health challenge in India, with social stigma often preventing individuals from seeking help. Social media, where individuals frequently express emotions, offers an alternative source for detecting early signs of depression. This study explores the potential of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning techniques to analyze Twitter posts for identifying depressive symptoms. By examining user profiles, linguistic patterns, emoticon usage, posting times, and topical content, we identified key features that may indicate depressive tendencies. Experimental results using an XGBoost classifier demonstrate the efficacy of these features, particularly linguistic and topical indicators, in detecting depression-related language. This research highlights the potential of social media analysis for early intervention while noting the need for future studies incorporating additional temporal and semantic features to enhance prediction accuracy.
Patient Satisfaction with a Women’s Health Hub 4 months in
Authors: Wang Emily , Slade Guy , Graham Anna
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Women’s health hubs (WHHs) are aimed at improving access to women’s health services and reducing health inequalities. This report collates patient feedback on a new WHH located in Tower Hamlets, a borough of high deprivation and multi-ethnicity. It aims to evaluate patient experience, waiting times, satisfaction, and to identify areas for improvement.

Methodology

1. Friends and family questionnaire (FFQ): Patients completed a questionnaire via a QR code following their WHH appointment.

2. Over 5 weeks all patients who attended 1

st WHH appointments were called and surveyed using a questionnaire developed from validated NHS surveys.

Results

Of 88 telephoned, 45 completed the questionnaire. 78% answered ‘excellent’ for quality, 71% ‘very good’ for overall experience, 96% found staff welcoming and respectful. 71% were seen on time. More patients saw a specialty consultant (57%) compared to a GP (17%), or physio (26%) but were satisfied by who they saw (96%, 87% and 100% respectively). 57.8% were offered a choice of dates, however 17% were not given options. Of 22.2% needing a translator only 50% reported being offered one. 84% were not offered a choice in gender preference of clinician. The FFQ was equally positive with 100% of 60 patients reporting that WHH was good/very good.

Conclusions

Patients reported high levels of satisfaction across all areas and short wait times, supporting the call for more WHHs. Areas for improvement include: offering translators to all, gender preference of clinicians and a wider choice of appointment dates.
A Critical Analysis of Immanuel Kant Epistemology
Authors: Agu Emmanuel Tochukwu
Published: November 2024

Immanuel Kant's epistemology represents a significant turning point in the history of philosophy, bridging the gap between rationalism and empiricism. His critique of pure reason argues for a novel understanding of how knowledge is constructed, emphasizing the roles of both sensory experience and innate categories of understanding. This article critically examines the implications of Kant's epistemological framework, focusing on his distinctions between the noumenal and phenomenal realms, the limitations of human cognition, and the critiques that have emerged in response to his idealism. Through this analysis, we aim to elucidate Kant's contributions to epistemology while addressing the challenges that his theories present.
Development of the managed toolkitforeign currency requirements of projects in the regionAI technologies based on business analysis techniques.
Authors: oori uwondo , Michael   Oluvadamilare Abati
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The study examined Anchor Borrowers' Programme (ABP) and Rice Production in Gwer East Local Government Area of Benue State. The study was built on three major objectives: to examine the impact of the Anchor Borrowers' Programme on income among smallholder farmers in Gwer East, to ascertain if the Anchor Borrowers' Programme has assisted rural smallholder farmers to engage in mechanized rice production in Gwer East, and to explore challenges faced by the Anchor Borrowers' Programme in Rice Production in Gwer East. A purposive sampling procedure was used in selecting the respondents. A structured questionnaire was administered to 400 rural farmers across Gwer East Local Government Area to obtain information on farmer's socioeconomic variables, input used, and output obtained in rice production. The objective was analyzed using a frequency table and simple percentages, while the data from the interview was done qualitatively to validate or invalidate quantitative data. The study also found that all the production factors used by rice farmers among Anchor Borrowers' beneficiaries had a positive influence on the productivity levels of the rice farmers. Hence, productivity among rice farmers depends largely on their production factors. The program should consider planting seasons in the disbursement of inputs, as the late arrival of inputs could negate all the efforts of the program. If the inputs are not disbursed on time, it could affect yields because farmers depend on rainfall for rice production. Everything could be done right, but if inputs are not disbursed on time, it will make the objectives of the program unachievable. Executors of the program are responsible for this and should consider it one of the most important issues with the program.
Dietary recommendations for bariatric patients
Authors: Neimark A. E. , Lapshina S. E. , Shulyakovskaya A. S.
Published: November 2024

Over the past few decades, obesity has become a growing public health problem worldwide. The goal of fighting obesity is to improve health. Sustained weight loss of more than 10% of the total body weight improves the course of many obesity-related diseases, as well as the quality of life. The high effectiveness of bariatric surgery in the treatment of obesity in achieving significant and sustained weight loss has been demonstrated in several studies. In most centers where bariatric surgery is performed, the recommendation for preoperative weight loss is followed. The enlarged left lobe of the liver makes it difficult to access the stomach and, accordingly, prevents technically correct operation. Weight loss before bariatric surgery reduces the risk of complications in the postoperative period, and therefore preoperative preparation in the form of hypocaloric nutrition and regular physical activity is recommended for patients, considering concomitant pathology. One of the problems in the postoperative period is the need to change the usual lifestyle and diet due to the need to follow the recommendations of the attending physician. This can lead to a decrease in the quality of life after surgery due to psychoemotional overstrain. The nutrition of bariatric patients implies significant changes associated with a decrease in the amount of food consumed, difficulty in assimilation of nutrients, and the poverty of flavors offered up to this day in the specialized nutrition market. With the help of food products within the framework of low-calorie diets, it becomes almost impossible to feed such a patient without reducing their nutritional value. In 2024, balanced low-calorie nutrition OPTIFAST® (OPTIFAST) appeared on the Russian market, which has proven itself worldwide for more than 50 years and has shown its effectiveness and safety in more than 80 international clinical trials with a high level of evidence. OPTIFAST provides the patient with all the necessary nutrients and allows you to manage the daily calorie intake, gives the patient a feeling of satiety necessary for high adherence to a low-calorie diet, which is indicated for patients with obesity and overweight.
Obesity, diabetes and vitamin D
Authors: Pigarova E. A. , Dzeranova L. K.
Published: November 2024

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are widespread globally with multiple factors playing a role in their development. Such as limited exposure to sunlight, poor nutrition, gastrointestinal diseases, and obesity, which affects approximately 39% of the world’s adult population. In addition to its canonical role in skeletal function, vitamin D modulates adipogenesis, insulin secretion, and action in diabetes. Vitamin D deficiency due to obesity is likely due to decreased bioavailability of vitamin D through synthesis in the skin and from dietary sources, which is associated with its deposition in body fat depots. While a direct effect on adipogenesis appears to be realized during critical periods of life (pre- and postnatal periods). Vitamin D directly regulates genes involved pathways of insulin secretion and action. The high worldwide prevalence of vitamin D deficiency may be associated with the high incidence of type 2 diabetes, and normalizing vitamin D levels in patients may be an effective strategy to slow the progression of type 2 diabetes and its complications.
Obesity in a patient with acromegaly: a case report
Authors: Gabaidze G. D. , Perepelova M. A. , Przhiyalkovskaya E. G. , Pigarova E. A. , Kuzmin A. G. , Vengrzhinovskaya O. I. , Lapshina A. M. , Dzeranova L. K.
Published: November 2024

Acromegaly is a severe neuroendocrine disease characterized by excessive production of the growth hormone (GH). The slow development of symptoms increases the diagnostic search up to 15 years. Permanent effect of the growth hormone on the human body can cause structural and functional disorders of organs. The main complications of acromegaly include cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal system dysfunction, as well as impaired carbohydrate metabolism and an increased risk of developing neoplasms.

Often, nonspecific symptoms of acromegaly can be masked by other pathologies or their complications, such as obesity. An increase in subcutaneous fat, increased blood pressure, joint pain, edema, and impaired carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are observed both in acromegaly and in obesity. An additional factor in the development of obesity as a complication of acromegaly is the development of sleep apnea, which triggers a series of pathological processes that ultimately lead to Pickwickian syndrome.

We present a clinical case of a patient with acromegaly and obesity, discussing the effects of excess body weight on the course of the underlying disease, the presence of complications, and an individual approach to treatment.
150th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai Alexandrovich Semashko
Authors: Kopytina D. A. , Sumina S. V. , Dzeranova L. K.
Published: November 2024

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Pemodelan Kesesuaian Habitat Ikan Cakalang Menggunakan Penginderaan Jauh di Perairan Selatan Jawa Barat – Banten
Authors: Suhermat Mamat
Published: November 2024

Pemodelan kesesuaian habitat merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam proses perencanaan pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan laut di masa depan. Kondisi lingkungan suatu perairan mempengaruhi habitat ikan cakalang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi model kesesuaian habitat ikan cakalang di perairan selatan Jawa Barat – Banten. Data suhu permukaan laut dan konsentrasi klorofil-a digunakan dalam pemodelan ini diperoleh dari citra satelit MODIS periode Desember 2018 hingga November 2019. Data lokasi tangkapan cakalang diperoleh dari laporan tangkapan. Pemodelan ini dijalankan menggunakan software MaxEnt. Suhu permukaan laut mempengaruhi model pada rentang 28,3 – 29,2 °C untuk musim barat dan 24,0 – 28,5 °C untuk musim timur. Model mendapat pengaruh konsentrasi klorofil-a pada rentang 0 – 0,1 mg/m3 baik pada musim barat maupun musim timur. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan kinerja yang sangat baik dengan tingkat akurasi mencapai 0,84 untuk musim barat dan 0,92 untuk musim timur.
Analisis Kandungan Timbal (Pb) pada Daun Pterocarpus indicus dan Mimusops elengi di Jalan Protokol Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Wibowo Febri Arif Cahyo , Syarifuddin Amir , Pratama Andy Danang
Published: November 2024

Pencemaran udara merupakan isu lingkungan yang penting pada kawasan perkotaan khususnya senyawa timbal (Pb) yang berasal dari aktivitas kendaraan bermotor yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia. Besarnya pengaruh negatif Pb sehingga dibutuhkan upaya dalam menanggulanginya yaitu menggunakan tanaman peneduh jalan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kandungan timbal (Pb) yang terserap di daun angsana dan tanjung serta melihat posisi daun yang efektif dalam menyerap timbal (Pb). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai Juni 2023 yang bertempat di Jalan Letjen S Parman Kabupaten Banyuwangi untuk pengambilan sampel daun dan Laboratorium Kimia Universitas Negeri Malang untuk analisis kandungan Pb. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan purposive random sampling dengan tiga kali ulangan pada setiap jenis tanaman. analisis kandungan timbal (Pb) pada daun menggunakan alat Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu kandungan timbal (Pb) tertinggi terletak di tanaman angsana sebanyak 0,1029 ppm dan terendah di tanaman tanjung sebesar 0,0704 ppm. Berdasarkan letak posisi daun di tanaman angsana pada tajuk bawah bagian tengah memiliki kandungan Pb lebih tinggi dibandingkan bagian depan dan belakang, sedangkan di tanaman tanjung pada tajuk bawah bagian depan memiliki kandungan Pb lebih tinggi dibandingkan bagian tengah dan belakang. Perbedaan kandungan timbal (Pb) pada kedua tanaman tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh faktor internal tanaman (fisiologis dan morfologis) serta faktor eksternal (intensitas kendaraan, suhu, kelembapan, dan kecepatan angin).
Pengaruh Pergerakan Pasang Surut terhadap Perubahan Kualitas Air Sumur Gali Masyarakat di Pesisir Kelurahan Fitu – Kota Ternate Selatan
Authors: Salnuddin Salnuddin , Bemba Jefry , Harahap Zulhan Arifin , Kader Muhammad Faisal , Wahidin Nurhalis , Ichsan Kusdi Hi , Taeran Imran
Published: November 2024

Air merupakan salah satu elemen penting yang menyokong keberlangsungan hidup manusia tak terkecuali masyarakat pesisir Kelurahan Fitu- Kota Ternate Selatan yang berada di wilayah pulau kecil dan gunung api. Sumber air bersih masyarakat pesisir umumnya bersumber dari sumur gali dan memiliki potensi dicemarkan oleh berbagai macam faktor terutama intrusi air laut.  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeterminasi pengaruh pergerakan pasang surut terhadap perubahan kualitas sumur gali dalam upaya determinasi karakteristik dan parameter penciri instrusi air tanah di pulau kecil gunung api. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengukuran dan observasi dengan bantuan instrument survei sedangakan analisis data menggunakan persamaan umum matematik serta analisis statistik regresi linear sederhana dengan 3 pendekatan analisis berdasarkan input data yang diberikan. Hasil analisis Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan analisis III lebih informatif dalam mendeterminasi pola hubungan pergerakan pasang surut dan perubahan kualitas air tanah di sumur gali masyarakat. Kecenderungan hubungan tersebut lebih konsisiten berdasarkan nilai “b” (koefisien korelasi) yang mengkuti pergerakan pasang surut terhadap masing-masing parameter kualitas air.  Pergerakan pasang surut berpotensi mempengaruhi kualitas air tanah pada sumur gali masyarakat terutama untuk parameter DHL dan salinitas pada sumur sampel 1 (R2 > 50%) dan juga pada sumur sampel 2 (R2 = 14 % dan 62 %) saat ABP Nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak faktor lain yang mempengaruhi perubahan kualitas air pada sumur sampel selain oleh pergerakan pasang surut.
Evaluation of Rural Urban Waste Management : Integrating Logic Model and GIS Approach in Pemalang, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat Mansur , Maryono Maryono , Widjonarko Widjonarko , Taqyuddin Muhammad Dzaky , Saraswati Padmagitaning
Published: November 2024

To carry out the mandate of Presidential Regulation Number 97 of 2017 concerning Household Waste Management Policies and Strategies, the Pemalang Regency Government issued Regent Regulation Number 60 of 2018. This policy consists of 2 (two) main programs, namely the waste reduction program with a target of 30% and waste treatment, with a target 70%. This study aims to evaluate the program. The methods used are logic model and GIS. Logic models evaluate input process output and program outcomes, while GIS evaluates geospatial program achievements. Total of 8 indicators were evaluated, consisting of 3 (three) indicators for the reduction program and 5(five) indicators for the treatment program. For waste reduction program, 3 (three) indicators that are assessed, namely 1) Development of waste banks; 2) Development of compost houses and 3) development of TPS3R. In handling, 5 (five) indicators were analyzed, namely 1). Sorting; 2) Collection; 3) Transportation; 4) Itermediate Treatment; 5). Final treatment. Assessment for 2 years (2021-2023) shows 1). The number of waste banks increased by 32 units from 63 to 95 units; 2) Composting facilities increased by 2 units from 1 to 3) TPS3R facilities increased by 3 units from 3 to 6. GIS analysis showt that waste reduction programs are implemented mostly in urban areas. For treatment program, 84.92% of waste has been handled while 15.08% has not yet. The number of TPS for collection increased by 18 units from 116 units, to 134 units. There have been no significant changes regarding sorting and transportation and Intermediate treatment. In 2023, a landfill fire occurred, indicating that the final processing facilities were not yet optimal.
Evaluasi Kinerja Kelompok Kerja Masyarakat Berbasis Komunitas dalam Mengelola Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Komunal di Kota Singkawang
Authors: Mulyatama Bewa , Anshari Gusti Zakaria , Gusmayanti Evi
Published: November 2024

Keterlibatan masyarakat dalam program Sanitasi berbasis Masyarakat (SANIMAS) diharapkan aktif, namun kenyataanya keterlibatan Masyarakat sebagai pengurus Kelompok Pemanfaat dan Pemelihara (KPP) dari SANIMAS dalam melakukan pengelolaan serta pemeliharaan IPAL komunal sangat minim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja KPP dalam pengelolaan IPAL, serta membandingkan kondisi pengelolaan KPP aktif, kurang aktif dan tidak aktif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara semi-terstruktur, pengamatan dan pengumpulan dokumen. Sampel yang diambil adalah lima KPP, yaitu Rukun, Bambu Runcing, Nek Bagak, Melati dan Cendana. Lokasi penelitian pada Kota Singkawang, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan KPP tidak melaksanakan pengelolaan IPAL dengan baik. Dua KPP, yaitu Melati dan Cendana menunjukan kegiatan pengelolaan KPP, tetapi termasuk kurang aktif. Hasil pengamatan IPAL menunjukkan bahwa kondisi IPAL yang dipelihara secara rutin tidak disebabkan oleh aktivitas pengurus KPP, tetapi akibat dari inisiatif anggota yang memiliki kepentingan untuk merawat IPAL. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa program SANIMAS banyak menghadapi berbagai kendala, terutama dalam perihal pemeliharaan IPAL, yang menjadi beban masyarakat. Bantuan pemerintah untuk memelihara IPAL komunal sangat dibutuhkan, terutama perihal pemberdayaan manajemen dan bantuan teknis untuk memelihara fungsi IPAL komunal. Pemerintah hendaknya menawarkan pembangunan IPAL yang layak ekonomi untuk dikelola langsung per rumah tangga karena masih luas lahan yang tersedia. Pengelolaan IPAL komunal saat ini menimbulkan berbagai masalah yang berhubungan dengan kesulitan dalam pengambilan keputusan dan eksekusi putusan yang berbasis pada manajemen bangunan milik bersama.
Konsep Pengelolaan Kebun Campuran dalam Rangka Penyediaan Bahan Baku Alat Musik Tradisional Jawa Barat, Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati dan Penyimpanan Karbon
Authors: Utami Fadillah , Parikesit Parikesit , Withaningsih Susanti
Published: November 2024

Alat musik tradisional di Jawa Barat sebagai pengiring pada upacara tradisional mempertegas hubungan harmonis antara manusia, lingkungan alam dan pencipta. Namun terdapat penurunan penggunaan alat musik tradisional salah satunya disebabakan berkurangnya ketersediaan bahan baku. Pengelolaan lahan dengan kebun campuran bisa menjadi alternatif dalam upaya pelestarian bahan baku alat musik dengan menanam jenis kayu-kayuan (pohon) dan bambu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menyusun konsep pengelolaan kebun campuran untuk mendukung upaya pelestarian alat musik tradisional Jawa Barat, dimana kebun campuran dapat direvitalisasi dan ditingkatkan kuantitasnya dalam rangka mensuplai kebutuhan bahan baku tersebut, sekaligus mengkonservasi keanekaragaman hayati dan meningkatkan simpanan karbon pada tanaman. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara semiterstruktur dengan purposive sampling, studi pustaka dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Jawa Barat memiliki 31 alat musik tradisional dengan 5 tipe alat musik tradisional. Terdapat 23 spesies dan 5 spesies bambu digunakan sebagai bahan baku dengan kriteria tertentu. Upaya pelestarian terus dilakukan sampai saat ini meliputi pendidikan, pertunjukkan, pengarsipan, pelatihan, kolaborasi dan menciptakan trend. Ketersediaan alat musik dalam pelestarian diperlukan untuk dikenalkan ke generasi berikutnya. Proses pengelolaan kebun campuran untuk sampai ke konsumen diperlukan modern management. Pengelolaan pun menghadapi hambatan berupa perubahan iklim yang tidak menentu.
Kesedian Membayar Wisatawan untuk Pelestarian Pantai di Desa Hukurila Kota Ambon
Authors: Talakua Eygner Gerald , Ruban Angela , Papilaya Renoldy Lamberthy
Published: November 2024

Salah satu desa dengan ragam wisata terbanyak di Kota Ambon adalah Desa Hukurila, diantaranya terdapat lima objek wisata terkait dengan potensi sumber daya perikanan, pesisir dan laut. Terdapat ancaman keberlanjutan wisata pantai di Desa Hukurila yakni abrasi, jika terus terjadi hingga tahun 2026 maka tidak lagi sesuai sebagai kawasan wisata pantai. Pengelola wisata perlu mengeluarkan Rp 179.530.968/tahun untuk pembuatan breakwater sebagai salah satu bentuk pelestarian pantai, disisi lain tarif wisata yang berlaku belum memperhitungkan biaya pelestarian lingkungan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesediaan membayar wisatawan, meramalkan kunjungan wisatawan hingga tahun 2026, dan menentukan tarif wisata demi pelestarian wisata pantai di Desa Hukurila. Survei dilakukan terhadap 65 responden wisatawan pada bulan Juli tahun 2022, data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan metode penilaian kontingensi, metode peramalan, dan pendekatan penentuan tarif wisata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, kesediaan membayar wisatawan di wisata pantai Desa Hukurila Kota adalah Rp 233.871/bulan. Hingga tahun 2026 kunjungan wisatawan akan mencapai 7.548 orang didominasi oleh wisatawan lokal. Untuk menghindari abrasi pelestarian pantai dapat dilakukan jika tarif wisata dinaikan hingga Rp 58.468/kunjungan atau 25,0% dari nilai kesediaan membayar wisatawan.
Pemodelan Polusi Udara Akibat Pengalihan Lalu Lintas Dari Pembangunan Fly Over Aloha Sidoarjo
Authors: Kusuma Maritha
Published: November 2024

Pemerintah berupaya menangani kemacetan di Kabupaten Sidoarjo dengan membangun Fly Over Aloha. Pengalihan lalu lintas akibat pembangunan tersebut menyebabkan kenaikan paparan emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor di beberapa titik tertentu sehingga berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan sekitar. Kecamatan Gedangan termasuk pusat industri di Provinsi jawa Timur dengan aktivitas lalu lintas yang padat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa korelasi volume kendaraan terhadap kualitas udara menggunakan variabel hari kerja dan hari libur terhadap konsentrasi parameter pencemar CO, PM10 & PM2,5 di sekitar Jalan Ahmad Yani dan melakukan analisa pemodelan menggunakan Software AERMOD. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode monitoring dengan dilakukan pemantauan secara berkala dalam rentang waktu tertentu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kendaraan terbanyak yang melintas di Jalan Ahmad Yani terdapat pada selasa pagi (09/05/2023) sebesar 5.990 unit/jam dengan konsentrasi PM10 147,85 μg/m3 dan PM2,5 72,85 μg/m3. Volume kendaraan berkorelasi dengan nilai konsentrasi pencemar. Berdasarkan uji statistik One Way Anova konsentrasi rata-rata Karbon Monoksida tidak berbeda signifikan antara hari kerja dan hari libur sedangkan parameter PM10 dan PM2,5 memiliki beda signifikan antara hari kerja dan hari libur. Konsentrasi CO berkisar antara 5.471 μg/m3 - 6.489 μg/m3, PM10 berkisar antara 35,23 μg/m3 - 101,79 μg/m3, PM2,5 berkisar antara 9,43 μg/m3 - 46,1 μg/m3.