bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Christianity as “True Religion” According to Karl Barth’s Theologia Religionum: An intercultural Conversation with Selected Asian Christian Theologians
Authors: Van Den Toren Benno
Published: November 2021

This article orchestrates an intercultural theological conversation between Karl Barth’s theology of religions and selected Asian Christian theologians. The latter rightly stress that Barth’s criticism of religions is mainly concerned with Christian religion, although it does allow for the recognition of “other true lights.” Yet, insufficient attention is paid to the fact that Barth considers Christianity in particular “the true religion.” In critical conversation with these Asian reflections, it becomes clear that we need to move beyond Barth because (1) his Christocentrism neglects God’s presence as Creator and Spirit in other religious traditions, (2) Barth’s actualism does not allow him to properly distinguish between the word of God in the Christian Scriptures and in the “other lights,” and (3) this actualism stands in the way of a full recognition of the historical nature of revelation and salvation in Christ.
Implementation of facial emotion recognition using cnn on jetson TX2
Authors: Pham Minh Quyen  , Phung Thanh Huy  , Do Duy Tan  , Huynh Hoang Ha  , Truong Quang Phuc
Published: November 2021

In this paper, a convolutional neural network (CNN), one of the most popular deep learning architectures used for facial extraction research, has been implemented on NVIDIA Jetson TX2 hardware. Different from many existing approaches investigating CNN with complex structure and large parameters, we have focused on building a robust neural network through extensive performance comparison and evaluation. In addition, we have collected a dataset using a built-in camera on a laptop computer. Specifically, we have applied our model on Jetson TX2 hardware to take advantage of the computational power of the embedded GPU to optimize computation time and data training. In particular, both FER2013 and RAF datasets with seven basic emotions have been used for training and testing purposes. Finally, the evaluation results show that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of up to 72% on the testing dataset.
Cân bằng điện áp tụ và triệt tiêu điện áp common mode cho nghịch lưu hình T ba bậc
Authors: Do Duc Tri  , Le Hieu Giang  , Nguyen Minh Triet  , Tran Ngoc Hao  , Nguyen Duy Thao  , Nguyen Thoi
Published: November 2021

Trong bài báo này, một kỹ thuật cân bằng điện áp trên tụ và triệt tiêu điện áp common mode cho nghịch lưu hình T tăng áp tựa khóa chuyển mạch ba bậc (TL-qSBT2I) được trình bày. Phương pháp cân bằng điện áp tụ dựa trên điều khiển PID. Hơn nữa, điện áp common mode được tạo ra trong cấu hình nghịch lưu hình T tăng áp tựa khóa chuyển mạch ba bậc được giảm tối thiểu bằng cách áp dụng kỹ thuật vector không gian đề xuất, kỹ thuật đề xuất chỉ sử dụng những vector trung bình và vector không để tổng hợp vector tham chiếu. Vector ngắn mạch được thêm vào vector không để không ảnh hưởng đến điện áp ngõ ra. Ngoài ra, để giảm độ gợn dòng điện cuộn dây ngõ vào bằng cách sử dụng hai sóng mang tần số cao vcar1 và vcar2, trong đó vcar2 được tạo ra bằng cách dịch pha 900 từ vcar1. Để chứng minh phương pháp vector không gian cải tiến cho TL-qSBT2I, những kết quả mô phỏng được trình bày trong bài báo này.
Thuật toán động để lựa chọn tác vụ trong hệ thống IoTS
Authors: Tran Cong Thinh  , Vo Minh Huan
Published: November 2021

Kéo dài thời lượng pin và tăng cường chất lượng thông tin thu thập của mạng cảm biến không dây sử dụng nguồn năng lượng tái tạo là một trong những vấn đề của hệ thống Intenet of Things (IoTs). Để cải thiện vấn đề trên, chúng tôi đề xuất một thuật toán sử dụng mạng Neural với mục đích dự đoán và chọn lựa tác vụ của nút cảm biến. Thuật toán có thể ứng dụng trên vi điều khiển với khả năng xử lý và lưu trữ hạn chế. Khác với các phương pháp trước đây chủ yếu tập trung vào chế độ ngủ sâu hay lập ra lịch trình cho các tác vụ, thuật toán chúng tôi đề xuất giúp nút cảm biến có tính thích nghi cao hơn với môi trường dựa trên các số liệu thời gian thực tại mỗi nút. Khi có sự chênh lệch số liệu lớn, lượng thông tin thu thập về sẽ tăng lên và khi không có sự thay đổi đáng kể, nút cảm biến được đưa về tác vụ tiêu tốn năng lượng thấp để đảm bảo được thời lượng pin. Các kết quả từ nghiên cứu cho thấy thuật toán thu thập được số lượng thông tin có ích nhiều hơn, thời lượng và tuổi thọ của pin cũng được cải thiện.
Điều khiển PID một nơ-ron hồi quy hệ ổn định áp suất Gunt-RT030
Authors: Nguyen Chi Ngon  , Le Thi Nhung
Published: November 2021

Nghiên cứu này nhằm phát triển bộ điều khiển PID một nơ-ron hồi quy để kiểm soát các đối tượng chưa xác định, áp dụng thực nghiệm trên hệ ổn định áp suất Gunt-RT030. Bộ điều khiển PID được tổ chức dưới dạng một nơ-ron hồi quy 4 ngõ vào. Trong đó, một ngõ vào tiếp nhận giá trị hồi tiếp từ ngõ ra trước đó của chính bộ điều khiển; 3 ngõ vào còn lại nhận 3 thành phần giá trị tương ứng của bộ điều khiển PID. Để huấn luyện bộ PID một nơ-ron hồi quy này, giải thuật cập nhật trực tuyến cần một giá trị về độ nhạy của đối tượng, gọi là thông tin Jacobian. Do đó, một mạng nơ-ron RBF cũng được huấn luyện trực tuyến để nhận dạng mô hình đối tượng và xác định thông tin Jacobian đó. Kết quả thực nghiệm trên hệ ổn định áp suất Gunt-RT030 của hãng Gunt-Hamburg và so sánh với bộ điều khiển PID do nhà sản xuất cung cấp cho thấy bộ điều khiển đề xuất có khả năng tự chỉnh và cho đáp ứng của đối tượng được cải thiện với thời gian xác lập giảm (đạt 6±0,3 giây), độ vọt lố giảm và sai số xác lập được triệt tiêu.
Đánh giá ảnh hưởng của mật độ dòng điện đến hiệu quả xử lý nước làm mát bình ngưng của hệ thống điều hòa không khí trung tâm Water-Cooled Chiller bằng phương pháp điện phân
Authors: Le Minh Nhut  , Duong Huynh Minh Nhut
Published: November 2021

Bài báo trình bày kết quả đánh giá ảnh hưởng của mật độ dòng điện đến hiệu quả xử lý nước làm mát bình ngưng của hệ thống điều hòa không khí trung tâm water chiller giải nhiệt nước bằng phương pháp điện phân. Trong nước làm mát bình ngưng luôn có chứa các ion kim loại Ca2+ và Mg2+ (nước cứng) dẫn đến tạo thành lớp cáu cặn bám trên bề mặt bên trong các đường ống của bình ngưng làm giảm hiệu quả trao đổi nhiệt dẫn đến giảm hệ số COP của hệ thống. Do đó, cần thiết phải xử lý nước làm mát bình ngưng để làm giảm các ion kim loại này đến mức cho phép trong suốt thời gian vận hành nhằm tăng hiệu suất truyền nhiệt của bình ngưng và nâng cao hệ số COP của hệ thống. Trong nghiên cứu này, hệ thống xử lý nước làm mát bình ngưng kết nối với tháp giải nhiệt của hệ thống chiller được lắp đặt trong khuôn viên xưởng Nhiệt - Điện Lạnh, trường Đại học Sư phạm Kỹ Thuật Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh để thực hiện các thí nghiệm. Kết quả thí nghiệm cho thấy rằng hiệu quả làm giảm độ cứng tổng của nước làm mát bình ngưng đạt được cao nhất là 95% tương ứng với giá trị mật độ dòng điện là 80 A/m2. Bên cạnh đó, ảnh hưởng của mật độ dòng điện đến chỉ số TDS và chỉ số pH của nước làm mát bình ngưng cũng được phân tích.
An analysis on the role played by the economy sector in upgrading in the farming sector
Authors: Bhattacharya Sumanta , Sachdev Bhavneet Kaur
Published: November 2021

India is an agricultural country with majority of the people working in farming sector, with demand for ayurvedic medicine and indoor farming, today in the urban India majority of the people have started home farming which is helping to alleviate the problem of food security.If farming is practiced in every house in a small manner, imports will reduce in India and export will amplify. Smart farming and smart technology has helped urban India to adopt farming. Hydroponics and aquaponics is taking grounds in India.Demand of herbal products is rising where India herbal plants have reached to North America, Middle East, Europe and Africa thus contributing to the GDP. India being a leading export of agriculture, it place an outstanding role in the economic growth. If we promote agri tourism followed by proper land reforms and educate the farmers on the use of technology, followed by at schools if children are taught how to grow plants the amount of food production will rise in no time, with growing population, the demand also needs to be fulfilled, at old age home, tribal areas people are adopt horticulture, permaculture where each citizen have access to good amount of food, with the use of new technologies so that we don’t have food wastage and the import reduce and export rises, contributing to the economy where poverty will be limited.
Areas of Interaction Between Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors:   Academy of Economics “Dimitar A. Tsenov” – Svishtov, Bulgaria, Stoyanova Stanislava
Published: November 2021

Corporate social responsibility operates in a different context, determined by the leadership approach of the organization. The concepts of the parameters of corporate social responsibility are influenced and developed in their entirety regardless of the leadership styles established in companies that have achieved the SA8000 standard (social accountability). In this sense, there is a research problem – interactive leadership and transformational leadership spend and use the resources of the organization in different ways, but achieve a generally accepted standard.
The Theory of the Recklessness and the Difficulties in Jurisdiction
Authors:   ", Veleva Anita ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The article outlines the specialities in the intellectual content of recklessness and by the formation and course of action of its will attitude. Тhe article submits some new, additional standards and develops the action of the standard of differentiation between recklessness and dolus eventualis.
AR Egypt After the Arab Spring – Muslim Brothers and the Destined Role оf Women in Egyptian Society
Authors:   ", Stoyanova-Encheva Olga ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The Arab Spring in Arab Republic of Egypt was met with great hope of changing the status quo, of democratization, economic and social changes, of achieving full justice and endorsing equal opportunity for all Egyptian citizens. Nine years later, this dream is still not realized. The article follows up on the rule of MB and provides an analysis of the changing rights and freedoms of women under its ruling.
Global Economic Consequences And Possible Solutions To COVID-19
Authors:   Mansoura University, Egypt, M. AbouRaya Marwan , Petrova Polina ,   Russian Presidential Academy for National Economy and Public Administration – Economic Faculty, Russia
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of the self-isolation regime due to the pandemic on the world economy and the economies of economically developed and developing countries, as well as the prospects for the development of GMO technologies and human wastes into biogas and electricity to obtain positive effects in the socio-economic and environmental spheres of society. Countries can use а new polices and new technologies such as (Genetically Modified Crops, Animals Cloning and Turning the human wastes into biogas and electricity) that can help us to face and overcome this recession and increase the GDP in a short time. Research methods include: historical approach to the object of research, methods of quantitative statistical analysis. Conclusions and results of the study include: comparison of the economic situation under the influence of coronavirus in Russia and Egypt showed the similarity of problems due to the similar structure of the economy, the high role of the state in solving crisis economic situations; to ensure the availability of food products in the conditions of constantly decreasing consumer solvency of the majority of the world’s population with low and middle income, the authors presented the achievements and advantages of GMO products in crop and livestock production and – the authors justify a set of measures to implement the policy of support and development of the production of GMO goods and services at the global and national level and human wastes into biogas and electricity.
Development of Political Pluralism in the Bulgarian Constitutional Model Post Liberation
Authors:   ", Angelov Dragomir ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

Political pluralism is a basic principle in contemporary democratic societies which is often taken for granted. In reality the same principle has undertaken dynamic development during the transition of our state from feudal province in the boundaries of the Ottoman Empire into a modern democracy.
Application of Gamification in Agriculture
Authors:   ", Koleva Zdravka ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

Over the past year, consumers’ shopping habits have changed under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and this has inflicted – and continues to inflict – irreparable damage to businesses, including small agricultural producers. Most vulnerable in the sector are the groups of producers of fresh fruit, vegetables, herbs, spices, etc. Some of them have realized that they are in urgent need of adopting a new approach to their customers and product selling channels. Gamification is a new layer that can be added to the marketing business strategy to increase the loyalty of existing customers and attract new ones. This text provides a brief overview of the current situation in Bulgaria, the problems producers are facing, and the potential alternative solutions for changing consumer behaviour that can help farmers save their means of livelihood.
Bulgarian Military Courts and the Right to a Fair Trial
Authors:   ", Ilieva Ilmira ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

This article examines the organization and functioning of Bulgarian military courts to determine to what extent they are compatible with fair trial standards. The guarantees and institutional requirements for providing the right to a fair trial are analyzed in the light of the European Convention on Human Rights and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. This research is focused on the issue whether Bulgarian military courts could provide a fair trial, held by an independent and impartial court, mainly with regard to civil citizens. For the purpose of the research is scrutinized the ECHR Judgment from 28.11.2019 on the case Mustafa vs. Bulgaria.
Working Conditions – Managerial and Economic Factor in Enterprises
Authors:   BAS, Bulgaria, Dyankova Svetlana
Published: November 2021

Working conditions affect the business and competitiveness of any business. Poor working conditions lead to additional costs for businesses and a bad image among workers, clients and the general public, who are becoming more sensitive to health and safety issues that are part of the overall working conditions. Working conditions also affect the physical, moral and social well-being, productivity, as well as the quality of company products and services. The human factor plays the biggest role in the successful development of an organization in the face of increasing competition. The high degree of process automation and the rapid implementation of new technologies into the modern economy make people one of the main sources of competitive advantage. Managers’ attention is focused on the knowledge and skills of employees, on attracting and retaining talents, and on their commitment to the organizational goals. In order to becom petitive in the market, modern organizations need to take strategic action regarding the management of their employees. An example of strategic action is the “proactive approach” where employers themselves are expected to take steps to ensure a satisfactory level of safety and health with minimum government intervention. In other words, both employers and business managers focus on continuous improvements in well-being, developing a safety culture and combining various tools such as legislation, progressive measures and best practices, corporate social responsibility, and economic incentives.
Arbitration Agreement Concluded by Electronic Means
Authors:   St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Bulgaria, Katzarsky Alexander
Published: November 2021

The research deals with the conclusion of arbitration agreement by electronic means in view of the written requirement of Art. 7 Para 2 of the International Commercial Arbitration Act (ICAA).
Unpunishability of Active Bribery under Art. 306 of the Criminal Code
Authors:   Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Salkova Ekaterina , Roychev Yanko ,   St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: November 2021

The article analyses the prerequisites for elimination of the punishability of active bribery under Art. 306 of the Criminal Code: the perpetrator to have been extorted by an official, an arbitrator or an expert to offer, promise or give a bribe, and the perpetrator to have notified the authorities immediately and voluntarily. The historical development of the provision and its essence, aims and characteristic features have been studied. The statement has been supported that the current version of the rule requiring cumulative presence of all prerequisites, corresponds to the fullest extent to its purpose, to state interests in the field of criminal repression, and to practical procedural activity in bribery criminal cases.
The European Public Prosecutor’s Office and the Necessary Amendments in the Bulgarian Legislation. Are Constitutional Changes Necessary too?
Authors:   National Institute of Justice, Bulgaria, Toneva Galina
Published: November 2021

The article named “The European Public Prosecutor’s Office and the necessary amendments in the Bulgarian legislation. Are constitutional changes necessary too?” tries to trace the changes in legislation of Republic of Bulgaria that are necessary in connection with the activities of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO). First the author analyzes the mechanism for transposition of Directive (EU) 2017/1371 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2017 on the fight against fraud to the Union’s financial interests by means of criminal law in the Bulgarian Penal Code. Specific proposals have been made on the wording of the crime sections in order to comply with the standards of the Directive. In the second part of the article, the author recommends specific amendments to the Code of Criminal Procedure to ensure the proper functioning of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office in order to ensure the successful completion of cases before the Bulgarian Criminal Court. The third part of the article is devoted to the changes in the Judicial System Law, which should guarantee the interaction of the Public Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Bulgaria with the European Public Prosecutor’s Office. Finally, in connection with the necessary legislative changes caused by the activity of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, the author has devoted a special place in the article to the possible contradictions with the Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria and has proposed specific solutions to this problem.
Special Jurisdiction of Courts-Martial. Practical Issues in Determination of Military Jurisdiction
Authors:   ", Ilieva Ilmira ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

This article examines the special jurisdiction of courts-martial. In Bulgaria is established extended (exclusive) military jurisdiction for servicemen (for all criminal acts), and for civilians it is limited to particular criminal acts. This is explained in detail in the article. Some practical issues regarding the determination of military jurisdiction and delimiting military and general jurisdiction in the cases of complicated criminal activity and complicity between servicemen and civilians are also clarified in the article.
Some Peculiarities of the Passing the First- Instance Sentences in the Application of the Institutes of Amnеsty and Statute of Limitations
Authors:   ", Dimitrova Daniela ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

This article analyzes the problems arising in practice when first-instance sentences are passed and amnesty law is to be enforced or when the statute of limitations in criminal cases applies. Some theoretical conclusions have been drawn as to the nature of the sentence given in the application of these two institutes аnd also the question what its contents in these cases should be is answered.
Criminal Aspects of Prostitution in the Republic of Bulgaria
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria, Urumova Gergana
Published: November 2021

The answer to the question of whether prostitution is a crime in the Republic of Bulgaria seems very unambiguous at first sight. There is no article in the Bulgarian Criminal Code that incriminates prostitution. However, the judicial acts of the Bulgarian courts are extremely controversial and multidirectional. According to Article 329 of the Criminal Code, any able-bodied person of full age who does not engage in community service for a long time and who receives non-labour income in an illegal or immoral manner, shall be punished by imprisonment of up to two years or by probation. This article is an attempt to answer the most common questions that arise in terms of the criminal aspects of prostitution in the Republic of Bulgaria.
Hotel Practices During the Covid-19 Pandemic: the Case of Turkey
Authors:   Selcuk Üniversity, Konya, Turkey, Karaman Abdullah , Sayın Kürşad
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic which started in Wuhan, China, in 2020 and spread around the world, brought travel between regions and countries to a standstill as it necessitated transport bans, curfews and other health-related bans imposed between regions and countries. At the same time, people have cancelled their travel and hotel reservations for reasons such as prohibitions and fear of contracting the disease. Hotel enterprises had to take some measures to survive in the changing environment. The aim of this study is to reveal the COVID-19 practices in hotels located in Turkey by examining their web pages. Creating a perception of safety in hotels is essential for these hotels to pull through. The study is therefore important. As a result, it has been established that hotel enterprises have started to use technology more actively for the measures they have taken. It has been concluded that the more it is delivered to potential tourists, the more their perception will change.
Linguistic Rights of Indigenous Peoples
Authors:   ", Sanka Mohammed ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

Language plays an essential role in one’s ability to access the life opportunities offered by a society through employment, healthcare, jurisprudence, voting, education, media, etc. Linguistic rights have been designed under international human rights law to address the right to choose the language or languages for communication while accessing such opportunities. Even so, the individually held linguistic right, which evolves from general individual human rights, such as the right to freedom of expression, to privacy, to a fair trial, etc., comes with less consequences as compared to the collective linguistic rights of groups. This paper, while exploring how international law deals with linguistic rights generally, shall focus on the linguistic rights of indigenous peoples. By so doing, the author discusses various international legal instruments which envisage collective linguistic rights of indigenous peoples, highlights the challenges faced by indigenous peoples with regards to such rights, and concludes by suggesting ways by which these challenges can be surmounted.
Development of Conference Hospitality Product in Veliko Tarnovo Under the Conditions of COVID-19
Authors:   ", Kostadinova Nadejda ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The periods of crises usually make visible the faults in number of businesses including tourism and hospitality ones. The lack of on time development drivers in their specific products makes the economic prosperity of enterprises harder. The entrepreneurs in Veliko Tarnovo destination that develop conference hospitality product also fall into this number. There are many lapses but many positive prerequisites simultaneously that would define the future development of this niche product. In the current paper, all of them are referred to the current unprecedented situation caused by COVID-19. The paper is based on analyses of the existing conference hospitality product in the destination.
Continental Licensing Regime and its Impact
Authors:   ", Aleksandrova Ivelina ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The article reveals the national features and regulatory trends in the licensing of pharmacies abroad. The general trends of state regulation of the pharmaceutical market are summarized. Some specific advanced methods and tools of pharmaceutical state regulation are being considered in developing countries.
Promise of the Obligation or the Act of a Third Party
Authors:   Attorneys-at-law – Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Topurov Petar
Published: November 2021

The promise of the obligation or the act of a third party is a lega figure, regulated both in Bulgarian and foreign legal systems. At present, the study of this legal figure from the Bulgarian legal theory has limited itself to an axplanation of the problems of the institute only in the general published courses of law of obligations. The paper analyzes the history, the regulation and the use of the promise of the obligation or the act of a third party as a legal figure that guarantees future legal relationship.
Dropshipping as an Opportunity to Develop ERP-Integrated Small Business
Authors:   ", Hlebarov Petar ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

This article mainly aims to introduce the term ‘dropshipping’ to the reader by answering several basic questions related to it: What do we mean by dropshipping in general?; What is its essence?; What is its origin and how has it evolved over time?; What might be its role in different types of business organizations and what is its relation to the ERP systems of these organizations? In this respect, the report introduces the essence and the role of dropshipping in today’s business reality in a structured and summarized way. It shows how irreplaceable it has become for enterpreneurs and businesses worldwide over time. It also identifies the stages of this sales and distribution model’s evolution, and states the reasons that have led thereto. A sample demonstration is made, explaining the working methodology of dropshipping. At the end of the paper, the topic is discussed from two different points of view, showing how dropshipping integratres with the ERP systems and how this may affect the performance of entrepreneurs’ companies and initiatives. Furthermore, a dropshipping system is compared to an ERP system designed to manage trading companies.
Travel Intentions After Covid-19: A Comparative Assessment of Tourist Motivation and Willingness to Travel in Bulgaria and Azerbaijan
Authors: Varadzhakova Desislava , Naydenov Aleksandar , Naumov Nikola , Rahmanov Farhad , Gojayeva Elmira , Suleymanov Elchin
Published: November 2021

The research explores post-pandemic travel intentions, the availability of travel funds and accommodation preferences in Bulgaria and Azerbaijan – two countries with similar demographic and territorial characteristics but relatively different consumption patterns and tourist behaviour. In both countries, tourism forms a major part of the national economy and it has been hit by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The findings reveal major differences between the responses received in these countries in terms of how respondents perceive the current phase of the pandemic, and of post-pandemic travel intentions. The study concludes that it will be difficult to implement a common strategy for a post-pandemic tourism recovery.
On the Need for Plain Legal Language. The Modernization of Spanish Legal Language
Authors:   University of Salamanca in Spain, Videva Radomira
Published: November 2021

The language of law is characterized by some features and peculiarities that make it difficult to understand for non-specialists in the field. The present article focuses on the need for plain legal language in order to guarantee observance of general principles of law, such as equality before the law and legal certainty. The first section deals with the historical and conceptual structure of plain legal language. Then, the paper provides an example of foreign experience in the field with the aim to illustrate the initiatives for modernizing the Spanish legal language which have been carried out in Spain over the last few years.
Micula v Romania between International Investment Law and European Law – The UK Supreme Court Judgement – the Final or the NEXT PIece of the Puzzle?
Authors:   ", Zlateva Steliyana ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The Judgement of the United Kingdom’s Supreme Court in the long Micula v. Romania investment treaty dispute confirmed that the arbitral awards of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), rendered by tribunals established under intra-EU BITs, could be enforced in the UK. The Micula case concerns the interplay between the obligations under the ICSID Convention and EU law. In particular, it addresses the question of whether the award obtained by the Micula brothers against Romania constitutes state aid prohibited by EU law, as well as the enforcement obligations under the ICSID Convention in view of the EU duty of sincere cooperation.
The Grounds for Resumption of the Administrative Penal Proceedings in Accordance with art. 70, Letter “E” of the Law for the Administrative Offences and Sanctions
Authors:   ", Chakarova-Dimitrova Izabela ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The subject of this article is the grounds for resumption of the administrative penal proceedings in accordance with art. 70, letter “e” of the Law for the administrative offences and sanctions. The text presents a detailed analysis of the stipulations of the above stated law. It also compares the new grounds in accordance with art. 70, letter “e” of the Law for the administrative offense and sanctions to the grounds in accordance with art. 70, letter “d”, as well as in the context of the stipulations in Penal Procedure Code and the related provisions. A distinction is drawn between the field of application of the new grounds in accordance with art. 70, letter “e” and the grounds in accordance with art. 70, letter “d”.
The Role of Bulgarian Customary Criminal Law after the Liberation
Authors:   UNWE, Bulgaria, Radeva Neli
Published: November 2021

After the Liberation, the application of the Bulgarian customary criminal law was limited. It is a source of our criminal law along with the Turkish Criminal Law. Bulgarian customary criminal law makes certain adjustments in the Bulgarian legislation. The Bulgarian legislature also considers the rules of customary law.
Electronic Identification
Authors:   ", Nikolov Ivaylo ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

This theoretical overview aims to analyze the law provisions given in the Electronic Identity Act. The overview also regards the process of gradual transition towards e-Justice within the context of the Bulgarian egovernment.
Mental Coercion on the Perpetrator as a Form of Complicity in Bulgarian Criminal Law
Authors:   Deputy Chairman of the Sofia City Court, Sofia, Bulgaria, Alexiev Rusi
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the issue of complicity in the commission of a crime between a person who exercises mental coercion on another in order to motivate him/her to commit a crime, and the person in respect of whom coercion has been exercised. It provides an answer to the questions of whether it is possible for the coercive person and the coerced person to appear as co-perpetrators of a crime, in what hypotheses and how the behaviour of the coercive person should be qualified. Hypotheses have been discussed in which the coercer instigates and helps another person in commiting the crime for which he/she has been coerced. The paper also provides a proposal for qualification of the coercive person’s criminal activity and considers the institute of complicity through mental coercion. A distinction has been made between cases of complicity between the coercer and the coercee on the one hand, and those in which there is mediocre perpetration on the part of the coercer on the other hand. The article would be useful to legal practitioners in qualifying some specific hypotheses of complicity in a crime when one of the persons involved in the crime is subject to coercion.
Interest Due under Article 19 of the Tax and Insurance Procedure Code
Authors:   St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Bulgaria, Miteva Ani
Published: November 2021

A special case of personal liability of the management of taxable legal entities has been created through the provisions of Article 19 of the Tax and Insurance Procedure Code (TIPC). Following the amendments to the aforementioned legal provisions, which have come into force on 4 August and 21 November 2017, the subjective scope of the liability under Article 19 of the TIPC has been significantly expanded as it currently covers the majority owners of the taxable person’s capital and, in certain situations, the shareholders holding minority shares. In relation to the increasing number of tax audit proceedings focusing on the realization of the liability under Article 19 of the TIPC, and the expanding case law on the application of the above-mentioned legal provisions, the scope of Article 19 of the TIPC requires a more detailed analysis, particularly of the interest due.
What Are the Curriculum Implementation Difficulties by Teachers of Syrian Students?
Authors: Görür Durmuş Ziya , Babadoğan Mustafa Cem
Published: November 2021

In recent years, the rapidly increasing number of Syrian students started to be trained in public schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) raises various problems. Syrian students who are included in the same class as Turkish students without a specific preparation process both have difficulties themselves and causes various discipline problems to all stakeholders such as teachers, parents, administrators and especially Turkish students. In this study, the difficulties experienced by teachers who teach Syrian students at the primary education level are examined in terms of their curriculum. As the curriculum is the most important guide that draws the boundaries of the instruction process and determines how the process should be, and teachers act as an important bridge in the realization of the curriculum in the classroom environment; the difficulties teachers experienced in the implementation of the curriculum will provide important information about the reality of education and give ideas about the arrangements that should be made in the curriculum, if any, or the need for a new curriculum.
Factors Influencing Teachers’ Continuation of Online Learning in Elementary Schools
Authors: Masmali Abdullah , Alghamdi Fahhad
Published: November 2021

The use of online teaching has increased rapidly, especially since the start of the global pandemic of COVID-19. K–12 teachers in Saudi Arabia, like many teachers globally, found themselves with a new way of teaching because of the pandemic. Thus, this study examined the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) in elementary school teachers’ acceptance of online learning. We tested whether UTAUT’s four key factors (performance expectancy; effort expectancy; social influence; and facilitating conditions) affect Saudi Arabian elementary school teachers’ acceptance of using online learning. We found that performance expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions altogether predicted teachers’ use of online learning as the analysis of the multiple regression outcome found that 60.2% of the variation was affected by these variables.
Blatant Dehumanization is Not Influenced by Dual Identity Labels: Evidence from the Canadian Context
Authors: Galang Carl Michael , Ku Michael , Obhi Sukhvinder S.
Published: November 2021

Blatant dehumanization has been shown to be prevalent in modern society. However, little work has explored the possible ways in which blatant dehumanization may be attenuated. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by exploring if activating a dual identity attenuates (or even erases) blatant dehumanization. To investigate these issues, Canadian participants completed the “Ascent of Man” scale, rating various groups in terms of their perceived evolutionary qualities. Half of our participants saw labels with the qualifier “-Canadians” attached, while the other half saw no such qualifier. Results showed that, regardless of whether the “-Canadians” label was provided, participants rated Filipinos, Christians, Arabs, Muslims, and Indigenous groups as significantly lower than Whites on the evolution scale. As such, provision of the additional group label “-Canadians” did not influence the manifestation of blatant dehumanization. We also found that ratings on the evolution scale significantly correlated with both Social Dominance Orientation and Empathic Concern levels, such that stronger adherence to current power structures and social hierarchies showed stronger blatant dehumanization, while those with a high pre-disposition for altruistic behaviours and emotions showed weaker blatant dehumanization. We discuss our results in the light of other research on blatant dehumanization and intergroup processes.

 
The Effect of Major Life Events on Individual's Work Centrality: Social and Economic Aspects
Authors: Sharabi Moshe , Armaly Oriana Abboud , AbuHasan-Nabwani Ola
Published: November 2021

This unique study compares the change in work centrality among individuals (n=407) both those who did experience and those who did not experience major life events, over the course of twelve years. The data was collected via the “Meaning of Work” questionnaire that included questions on work and life events. Special analysis of life events allows us to examine the causal nature of the relationship between life events and work centrality. The findings indicated that childbirth had an opposite effect on men's and women's work centrality. The work centrality of individuals who experienced divorce, a worsening of financial conditions and taking a considerable loan, did not change, while it increased among those who did not experience these events. There are several suggestions for the social and welfare and policymakers regarding life events, and the impact these policies may have on the magnitude of these events on work centrality.
Educação inclusiva em tempos de pandemia: assistência aos estudantes da educação especial por meio da educação remota
Authors: Rocha Gilda Fernandes Silva , Vieira Márcia De Freitas
Published: November 2021

A pandemia de COVID-19 provocou muitas mudanças no contexto social, inclusive a necessidade do isolamento e distanciamento social. As escolas precisaram inovar para que a educação não fosse interrompida. Os governos estaduais adotaram a Educação Remota Emergencial. Essa modalidade de ensino trouxe mais dificuldades de acesso à educação para os estudantes da Educação Inclusiva. A realidade dos estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial, nesse cenário de ensino remoto, norteou o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica com o objetivo de compreender como os estudantes de educação inclusiva estão sendo assistidos durante o período da pandemia. Os resultados destacam que a falta de acesso tecnológico dificultou muito o alcance desses estudantes ao ensino remoto. Por outro lado, a pandemia possibilitou uma colaboração maior entre a família e a escola, fato esse enriquecedor para o público-alvo da educação especial, que conta com mais apoio da família no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
TB stigma and its correlates among HIV-positive people who inject drugs in Ukraine
Authors: Hook K. , Sereda Y. , Makarenko O. , Bendiks S. , Rybak N. R. , Dutta A. , Idrisov B. , Drainoni M-L. , Kiriazova T. , Lunze K.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: TB is commonly stigmatized. Correlates of perceived TB stigma have not been assessed specifically among HIV-positive people who inject drugs (PWIDs). It is also unclear how perceived TB stigma intersects with other forms of stigma affecting this population. We aimed
to evaluate perceived TB stigma, its correlates and its intersection with HIV and substance use stigma among HIV-positive PWIDs in Ukraine.METHODS: Among 191 participants at three sites across Ukraine, we assessed stigma scores, socio-demographic, behavioral and health-related variables
by TB status (history of active TB infection, history of treatment for latent TB infection LTBI, no history of TB infection). We used self-reported history of LTBI treatment as a proxy for LTBI status. We used ordinary least squares to estimate factors associated with perceived TB stigma.RESULTS:
Lower perceived TB stigma scores were associated with LTBI status (adjusted beta (aβ) –0.2, 95% CI –0.3 to 0.0; P = 0.032). Higher perceived TB stigma scores were associated with higher substance use stigma scores (aβ 0.1, 95% CI 0.0 to 0.2; P = 0.004).
Depressive symptoms were common in this sample, although not significantly associated with TB status.CONCLUSION: History of LTBI treatment appears to impact beliefs about perceived TB stigma. Individuals who endorse higher substance use stigma are more likely to hold stigmatizing
perceptions about people with TB. HIV-positive PWIDs with history of active TB infection or LTBI treatment commonly experience mental health distress. This stigma intersection needs further exploration in this population, including of its relation with mental health, to provide further insights
for targeted interventions.
Non-hospitalised COVID-19 patients have more frequent long COVID-19 symptoms
Authors: Mohamed-Hussein A. A. R. , Amin M. T. , Makhlouf H. A. , Makhlouf N. A. , Galal I. , Abd-Elaal H. K. , Abdeltawab D. , Kholief K. M. S. , Hashem M. K.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Long COVID-19 syndrome refers to the persistence of symptoms for more than 12 weeks after the start of acute symptoms. The pathophysiology of this syndrome is not yet clear.OBJECTIVE: To assess long COVID-19 symptoms in hospitalised and non-hospitalised
patients.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was used. The study included 262 patients who were divided into two groups based on their hospital admission history: 167 (63.7%) were not hospitalised, while 95 (36.3%) were hospitalised.RESULTS: Long-COVID was reported in 157
out of 262 patients (59.9%), and was significantly more frequent in non-hospitalised patients (68.3% vs. 45.3%; P < 0.001). During the acute phase, hospitalised patients had more respiratory symptoms (95.9% vs. 85.6%), while non-hospitalised patients had more neuropsychiatric symptoms
(84.4% vs. 69.5%; P < 0.05). Constitutional and neuropsychiatric symptoms were the most frequently reported persistent symptoms in both groups, but all persistent symptoms were more frequent in the non-hospitalised group (P < 0.005).CONCLUSION: Long COVID-19
symptoms affect both hospitalised and non-hospitalised patients. Neuropsychiatric manifestations were the most common persistent COVID-19 symptoms. Rehabilitation and psychotherapy could be advised for all recovered COVID-19 patients. Non-hospitalised COVID-19 patients should be counselled
to contact healthcare providers whenever needed.
The meandres of politics of history in the III Polish Republic territorial self-governments units
Authors: Wałdoch Marcin
Published: November 2021

The politics of history is an object of viral studies, and researches about this phenomenon of political life is constantly deepen. In relations to the international space there are plenty of studies about individual states politic of history, but there are no such studies about local politics, and local societies in relation to the centres of political life. Author highlighted some phenomenon of politics of history of the III Polish Republic’s self-government in the perspective of the theory of centre-periphery. Some conclusions after research make it possible to show some phenomenon of political life such as: political fight between local and national political elites on politics of history; tensions between centre and periphery; shredded collective memory which is dependent of different spaces of local life; collective memory is overcomed by “privatisation and individualisation”.
Report on the pedagogical congress in Hameln (2017)
Authors: Szymaniak Jadwiga
Published: November 2021

My report shows only selected issues and trends. I describe lectures on the topics: school of diversity, perspectives of migrant pedagogy, teacher health, appreciative leadership as a key factor for the development of good schools, peer culture at school, Montessori education in inclusive education and potential development through educational regions. How school changes – these are the key topics of all lectures and workshops. The opening lecture (Klaus Hurrelmann Professor of Public Health and Education: Ist Leisten immer mit Leiden verbunden?) shows the current health disorders: the three risk factors – lack of exercise, incorrect stress management and the funding opportunities of the school: strengthening the education and school culture (a lot of travel – fixed rules). Professor Olaf-Axel Burow (PhD) looks into an important topic Positive
Pädagogik. Sieben Wege zu Lernfreude und Schulglück. He discusses keys factors that determine successful leadership: Appreciating communication and building an appreciative school culture. Professor Joachim Bauer’s (MD) closing lecture Warum Integration manchmal schwieriger ist als wir gedankt haben? The encounter of communit yoriented and individualistic cultures. Educators, as well as neuroscientists, are interested in this topic because cultures deeply affect the psyche and the human brain. Will
the encounter of cultures succeed us? People who seek our help as refugees come almost exclusively from sociotropic cultures. Will we be able to learn from each other?
Professor J. Bauer (MD) says that if we want to survive on this globe, we also have to learn from each other.
Teacher's authority in the opinion of students of a high school (based on own research)
Authors: Rajchel Anna
Published: November 2021

When choosing a school, young people check whether a given entity implements educational projects, European programmes, whether it has access to the Internet, interactive boards, e-registers. They checks exam results or, particularly in the case of vocational schools, how school-leavers cope on the labour market. But in the first place, school is made of people, those who learn and those who pass knowledge. The aim of the article is an attempt to answer the question whether in the contemporary Polish high school one can talk about authorities. How do teenagers understand this term and do they identify authority with the place and the people they meet every
day? Can, according to young people, a teacher be an authority and what conditions he or she should meet to be one? The research tool used in the work is an anonymous survey conducted among students of one of high school in Opole.