bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pain Intensity among Women with Post-Caesarean Section: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Marfuah Dewi , Nurhayati Nunung , Mutiar Astri , Sumiati Mimin , Mardiani Rani
Published: October 2019

Background: The frequency of Caesarean section increased from 5% to 15% across the world. According to statistics, it is highest in the U.S. or around 24%, and then in Canada about 20%, in Denmark about 13%, 10% in England, and it is lowest in Japan 7%. Post-cesarean section women experience pain due to operative trauma. Individual variability of postoperative pain is inﬂuenced by multiple factors, including sensitivity to pain, psychological factors, age, and genetics. Cesarean delivery patients have even more compelling reasons to achieve optimal postoperative pain relief than other surgical patients, but they also present unique challenges. Post cesarean delivery patients are at a higher risk for thromboembolic events, which may also be precipitated by immobility from inadequate pain control or excessive sedation from opioids.
Objectives: This research aimed to describe pain intensity among women with post-cesarean Section.
Methods: This research conducted at an obstetric ward in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia with 60 women with postcesarean section. Instrument used Visual Rating Scale (VAS) for pain measurement. A descriptive Study with Mean±SD for univariate analysis
Result: Pain intensity among women with post-caesarian section were mild pain level with mean of pain level was 2.8. Women with mild pain level as much as 81,6%.
Conclusions: As a nurse, can be considered as a nonpharmacological intervention to reduce the pain of cesarean section effectively and to decrease the number of medications and their side effects.
Relationship between Student’s Anxiety Level and the Grade Achievement of Medical Surgical Nursing Clinical Practice
Authors: Wijayanti MI Ekatrina , Marlina Th. Titin
Published: October 2019

Clinicalpracticelearningisthemainfactorthatsupportsteachingandlearningprocess in nursing education to produce quality graduates who are competent in their ﬁelds. One of the inhibiting factors for achieving student’s competence is anxiety before and during clinical practice. The aim of this study was to ﬁnd out the characteristics of respondents, student anxiety levels, grade of clinical practice and the relationship between students’ anxiety level and the grade achievement of Medical Surgical Nursing clinical practice. Cross sectional research design was utilized to conduct this study on 101 total sample of diploma nursing students from school of health science Panti Rapih. Technique using the HARS questionnaires, and analyze used Sprearman’s. The study was conducted in Dec 2018-Feb 2019. Result showed that more than half (86.1%)of respondents were female,andaged19yearsold.Student anxiety levels were 19.8% not anxiety, 24.8% mild anxiety, 32.7% moderate anxiety, 20.8% severe anxiety and 2% very severe anxiety. The grade rate for clinical nursing practice is 96.03%. AnalysisofdataSprearman’srhoshowednegativesigniﬁcantrelationshipbetweenthe level of anxiety and the grade achievement of the clinical practice clarity with p 0,345 (0.50). Conclution that there is no relationship between the level of anxiety and the grade achievement on medical surgical clinical practice.Suggestions before the clinical practice were held sharing from sister level about practical experience and clinical practice overview, and given overview of clinical setting using video.
Mother’s Stress Experience towards Caring for the Children with Autism
Authors: Sitompul Dania Relina
Published: October 2019

Standard care guidelines for children with autism has not been established yet in Indonesia.Thisissuetriggersdisappropriatetreatmentforthem.Thepreviousgrounded study conducted by the researcher with the purpose to develop the framework for taking care the autism children revealed the new standard in taking care the autism children at home by the mother. One of the standard operating procedures is to reduce the stress level of the mother as the person in charge for their child at home. This research aimed to explore the mother’s stress experience towards caring for the children with autism. Formulated the information and phenomenon of mother’s stress experience towards caring for the children with autism with case study. Data were collectedin2019among7participantsbyutilizingobservation,in-depth interview,ﬁeld recording,and literature review.The result revealed the early stress level of the mother incaring the irchildren with autism.Theyreportedthefeelingofbeingdisappointment, reject the reality, desperate,and negative stigma by the surrounding. Thus they always avoid introducing their children. The mothers often feel scared and worried to bring their children in crowd area. This study provides the suggestion for pediatric nurses to improve their knowledge and skills in giving the support system to the parents of the autism children and promote the education regarding autism treatment and care and most importantly is the establishment of standard operating procedures or guidelines in primary care of autism children at home by mother.
The Effect of Snakes and Ladders Media Intervention on Knowledge prevention of Diarrhea among Elementary Students in Bandung
Authors: Shinta P Tina , Emerensia N Christinne , Endah N Chr. Asri
Published: October 2019

Diarrhea is a leading cause of death among children in the world. Majority of affected children’s were in the school age group. It causes 2 million of children die in the world, and 420 thousands of children in West Java. Data of SD Negeri 1 Kertajaya during July-August 2017, 7 students were affected by diarrhea and 4 of them were ﬁfth grade students. Several action has been implemented as a prevention strategic to reduce the number of diarrhea cases with a recent approach is using an educative game. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of snakes and ladders ameon the knowledge of diarrhea prevention.Apre-experiment alone group pretest-posttest design was conducted with simple random sampling technique. We used 20 students, which divided in 5 group, for each group consist of 4 students. We used prevention knowledge questioner as an instruments. The knowledge of students were measure before and after intervention by using t-paired test. The results of the study show that p value<0.05 that means snakes and ladders game is effective to increased knowledge of students about diarrhea prevention. It was concluded that the snakes and ladders media is effective to increase the knowledge of diarrhea prevention. Suggestion for the Community Health Centre to provide an educative game to give health education for the children population.
The Effect of Murottal and Music Therapy on Reducing Blood Pressure in Palimanan Climbon
Authors: . Herdiman , Ilbert Rizal
Published: October 2019

Complementary therapies in both music and murottal therapy are beleaved effective because the songs and Quranic verses can have a therapeutic effect through the mind and physiology of human. This study was to identify differences inﬂuence of murotal therapy and music therapy in lowering blood pressure, This study used a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest approach design. The sample used in this study were 30 respondents who are divided into 2 intervention groups, group 1used murottal and group 2 terpy murottal used music therapy in hypertensive patients in Kepuh village of used Rw 04 and 05 Palimanan Cirebon sampling technique cluster rondom sampling. Statistical tests using t test. Results of data analysis showed there is signiﬁcantdifferencebetweenthebloodpressureaftermurottaltherapywiththeblood pressure after music therapy in hypertensive patients, whith p value 0,001. Age and genderfactorsareconsideredhaveinﬂuenceinloweringbloodpressureaftermurottal therapy. The results of this study are expected to be the basis of complementary therapies and can be implemented as independent and innovative interventions in the nursing care of patients with hypertension.
The Relationship among Breakfast Habits, Calorie Intake and Nutritional Status of Sumedang Government’s Nursing Academy Students
Authors: Ningrum Dedah , Dolifah Dewi , Setiadi Diding Kelana , Hudaya Ahmad Purnama , Faozi Akhmad , Sejati Amanda Puspanditaning
Published: October 2019

Inyoungadultsagegroupbreakfastisthemealtimemostoftenskipped.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between breakfast habits,calorieintake and nutritional status of the students of Sumedang government’s nursing academy. This study employed a cross sectional study method design which includes nutritional status as its the dependent variable and breakfast habits and calorie intake as its independent variable.Thesampletakenwere83personsoffreshmanandsophomore of nursing students of the 2016-2017 academic year. The sampling was organized by using proportional random sampling method. Nutritional status was assessed by employing BMI. Breakfast habits were assessed by employing breakfast habit questionnaire in one week. Calorie intake was assessed by using a 1x24 hours food recall questionnaire. Furthermore, calorie intake was analyzed by using Nutri Survey softwareandcomparedwiththe2012EnergyAdequacyRateforIndonesiapopulation. For bivariate analysis this study used Pearson chi-square test with a signiﬁcance degree of 95% and p-value <0.05. The characteristics of nutritional status of the respondents classiﬁed as Normal weight status (61.4%), Thin (19.3%), and Fat (19.3%). Most respondents have good calorie intake (53.0%) and have regular breakfast habits (54.2%),/it can be concluded that there is a signiﬁcant relationship between calorie intake and nutritional status (p=0.001) and breakfast habits with nutritional status (p = 0.033).Conclusion that healthy breakfast habits in young adults are good life style that should be pursued to fulﬁll daily energy needs to achieve normal nutritional status.
The Role of Endorphin Stimulation, Oxytocin Massage and Suggestive Technique (SPEOS) in Improving Breast Milk Production among Breastfeeding Mother at Primary Health Center in Cimahi Tengah, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hemi Fitriani Hemi , . Ismaﬁaty , Nadira Syifa
Published: October 2019

Inadequatemilksupplyduringtheﬁrstfewdays’after delivery become concern from most of the women. Indonesia Health Research and Development Agency in 2010 stated that the failure of exclusive breastfeeding commonly caused by insufﬁcient milk production. The intervention of SPEOS (EndorphinStimulation, Oxytocin Massage, and Suggestive Technique) methods are offered to post-partum mothers in increasing breast milk supply. This study aimed to identify the inﬂuence of SPEOS on breast milk supply among post-partum mothers at Primary Health Care in Cimahi Tengah Indonesia. Quasi-experimental research with non-equivalent control group design was conducted. A total of 20 postpartum mothers were involved in this studyby using accidental sampling technique. The data were taken from March to April 2018 through observation on the amount of breast milk by pumping in two times observation including before and after the SPEOS method applied. The data were analyzed by t-independent test. Ethical approval was obtained from Health Research and Ethics Committee of Institute of Health Science Jenderal Achmad Yani Cimahi No. 005/KEPK/II/2018. The result shows that the intervention group produces more breast milkasmuchas3,74cconthethirddaysoftheexperimentthanthecontrolgroup(2,04 cc).Bivariateanalysisshowspvalue0,001.Therefore,SPEOS methods gives signiﬁcant inﬂuences on breast milk supply among post partum mothers. Conclusions SPEOS methods are effective in increasing low breast milk supply amongpost-partummothers.
Effect of Problem Solving Cycle (PSC) on Nursing Student’s Leadership Competencies
Authors: Hayati Suci Noor , Supriatin Eva , Kusuma Putri Tri Antika Rizki
Published: October 2019

Background: Problem Solving Circle (PSC) is a learning method used to build up a leadership characteristic to meet the clinical practice outcome especially in nursing management subject. The characteristic includes 3 aspects, there are knowledge/intelligence, personality, and ability. The way of thinking critically, systematically, and creative are basic characters in facing a competitive future ahead.
Objective: This study aimed to identify the effect of PSC to student’s leadership competencies on nursing management subject.
Method: One group pre-post test designwasusedinthisstudywithtotal35nursingstudentassamples.Datacollecting have done accord to questioner as an instrument in this study which divided the competencies as 3 domains, intelligence, personality, and ability. Univariate and bivariate analysis have conducted used paired T-Test. It used to ﬁnd out the difference betweenleadershipcompetenciesbeforeandafterimplementation.
Result:there was a signiﬁcant difference in leadership competencies after using PSC method with p-value 0.000 (α: 0.005).Conclusion: Nursing education especially in clinical practice area not only to increased students skill competencies but also the leadership competencies to make them ready at their future job as nurse professional. This study showed that PSC can be an alternative learning method for improving student leadership competencies. Another study should conduct in PSC implementation with larger samples.
Stroke Recurrence Based on Stroke Prognosis Instrument II (SPI-II) and The Attack Number of Stroke
Authors: Kusuma Putri1 Tri Antika Rizki , Rahayu Listian Prisilia , Agustina Elis Nurhayati
Published: October 2019

Background: Stroke is increasing every year so the risk of recurrent stroke is also increasing, the more risk factors they have, the higher the likelihood of recurring strokes. if a recurring attack occurs, the condition can be more severe than the ﬁrst attack, generally occurs in patients who lack self-control and low level of awareness.
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the risk factors of stroke recurrence base on SPI-II.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study with 274 strokes patients as samples. The samples were recruited from one of general hospital specializeinneurologydisordersinJakarta,Indonesia.
Results:The result of this study indicated a signiﬁcant difference in risk factor score between primary attack group and recurrence stroke (p-value<0.05). Simple linear regression showed that incidence of stroke attack has a positive correlation to the risk of stroke recurrent events (B= 3.484).
Conclusion: The attacks number of strokes has a positive correlation with risk of recurrence stroke. Nurses must be aware when doing the discharge planning for recurrent stroke patient. Monitoring and controlling the risk factors on community setting is an important thing to have known by nurses.
SOCIO-CULTURAL CONDITIONS OF EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Aleksandrovna Aleksandrova Ekaterina , Viktorovna Rudenko Irina , A. Kolesnikov Mikhail , Valerievna Garipova Venera , V. Kuznezov Sergye
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The article conducts the study socio-cultural conditions of educational environment development.

Methodology: The criteria for assessing the quality of synchronization actions of heads of educational institutions are determined as well as the criteria for assessing the quality of inter-agency cooperation and self-organization of actors of educational systems and the cooperation among themselves.

Result: We found out that the current process of educational environment development is in crisis at the level of goal-setting; selection of approaches and principles, forms, methods, and means; selection of criteria for the effectiveness of actors’ activities.

Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.

Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of socio-cultural conditions of educational environment development is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
STUDENT ATTITUDE TO DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN RUSSIA
Authors: A. Yarygina Nelya , F. Piralova Olga , G. Lichutina Marina , M. Yudina Anna , V. Ilkevich Boris , A. Kurbanov Rashad , M. Belyalova Asiya , V. Popova Olga
Published: October 2019

Purpose of the study: Since the new generation is the main entity of material and social benefits’ renewal process of any state, the article aims to identify the students’ attitude to the demographic situation in Russia. It is the younger generation of different age groups that is the main labor unit of the state population. Relevant is the fact that the issues of demography are a global challenge of self-organizing society.  The purpose of the article is to identify the students’ attitude to the demographic situation in Russia, as well as to consider various models of reproductive behavior. Methodology: The leading methods for the study of this problem is the survey method, which allows to make a qualitative analysis of the characteristics of the students’ attitude to the demographic situation in Russia and to establish the subjective position of students regarding demographic development. Results: The article reveals that the following administrative and legal measures contribute to the improvement of the demographic situation in the country (legislative acts regulating the marriage age, divorce, attitude to abortion and contraception, the status of mother and children in the divorce, working women’s labor regime); economic measures (paid leave, various benefits at child’s birth, preferential credit conditions if necessary, tax and housing benefits); educational measures (formation of public opinion, the core and standards of demographic behavior, determination of attitude to religious norms, traditions and customs, family planning policy, sexual education of youth). The authors established a high level of awareness of students about the demographic situation in the country; the presence of anxiety about this situation. Applications of this study: The data obtained in the work can be used in sociology, social psychology, political science, as well as for further theoretical development of this issue. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study revealed a high level of awareness of young people about the demographic situation in the country, certain anxiety about this situation. However, young people are not in a hurry to participate in the solution of demographic problems, referring mainly to the difficulties of material nature. This indicates the need for more careful consideration of measures of state support for young families, taking into account the research of their opinion on this matter.
Artistic Enhancement. Literature and Film as Mirror and Means of Human Enhancement
Authors: Fürholzer Katharina
Published: October 2019

Human enhancement affects all members of society and is thus closely linked to issues of social justice: up to now, the promises and perils of enhancement are usually only known to, and thus used, by few members of society. This can lead to individual competitive advantages that create or widen social gaps. Broad public information is, therefore, key to ensure that enhancement does not conflict with the principle of equality of opportunities. As possible means of public information, literature and films are able to counter such possible social injustice, which is why they may be allotted a central role in the ethical debates on human enhancement. Two aspects will be considered in this regard: 1) enhancement in art and 2) through art. 1) The extent to which artistic depictions and public information and perceptions of enhancement may be intertwined will be illustrated by two examples where both texts and their accompanying paratexts had a particular bearing on the public debate on enhancement: the film Gattaca of 1997 and the novel Never let me go (2005) by Nobel laureate Kazuo Ishiguro. 2) The second part of the paper is dedicated to the question of how far enhancing selected groups of society may contribute to a greater common good and which potentials art can offer in this regard. Three groups of persons will be taken into account: 1) clinical ethics committees, 2) physicians, and 3) patients.
Weisheit bei Schopenhauer und die Frage ihrer Aktualität
Authors: Miodoński Leon
Published: October 2019

Schopenhauers Weisheitsbegriff wurde aus zwei verschiedenen Perspektiven analysiert. Erstens, im Kontext der frühen Philosophie, wo „das bessere Bewusstsein“ eine Schlüsselrolle spielte. Der Höhepunkt dieser Zeit waren das Werk Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung und radikal formulierte philosophische Exklusivität. Zweitens, im Kontext von Essays-Sammlung Parerga und Paralipomena, und besonders einem der Essays Aphorismen zur Lebensweisheit, wo sich Schopenhauer vom Metaphysiker und Buddhisten in den Moralisten und den Lehrer vervandelte, der die Verfahrensregeln in der irrationalen Welt des Willens zeigte, so dass das Leid die geringste Teilnahme an der realen Existenz des Menschen hatte. Diese Akzentverschiebung erfolgte vor allem dank der gründlichen und tiefen Lektüre von Baltasar Gracians Das Hand-Orakel und Kunst der Weltklugheit. Gracian lehrte aber an keiner Stelle, wie man sich von der Welt befreien kann, sondern eher wie man in einer Welt des Bösen, voll von Gegensätzen, Intrigen und Niederträchtigkeiten leben kann.
From a Case to a Case Study—And Back, or on the Search for Everyman in Biographical Research
Authors: Filipkowski Piotr , Życzyńska-Ciołek Danuta
Published: October 2019

Sociological, qualitative, biographical research is distinguished by its interest in the case. At the same time, this research seeks—often through case studies—to understand or explain supraindividual, repetitive phenomena which are, to some extent, general. In this article, we look at how cases are treated in biographical sociology. We present our own empirical experience, consisting in autobiographical narrative interviews with participants of a nationwide panel survey, who were randomly drawn to the panel many years ago. We show the possible consequences, both methodological and theoretical, of this way of selecting cases, quite unusual for biographical sociology. We wonder whether and to what extent the experience of the “ordinary person,” the Everyman, can be reflected in sociological works based on the biographical method.
Recepcja metodologii teorii ugruntowanej wśród polskich badaczy – refleksje 50 lat po publikacji Barney’a G. Glasera i Anselma L. Straussa
Authors: Bukalska Izabela
Published: October 2019

W artykule podjęto próbę wstępnego prześledzenia procesu recepcji metodologii teorii ugruntowanej w Polsce, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem perspektyw trojga socjologów: prof. Krzysztofa Koneckiego, prof. Marka Gorzki i prof. Elżbiety Zakrzewskiej-Manterys. W wywiadach z wyżej wymienionymi badaczami odnoszono się do początków pracy (inspiracje, mentorzy i środowisko), stawiano diagnozę co do stanu obecnego (kwestie środowiskowe, poziom prowadzonych według MTU badań, luki tematyczne) oraz przewidywań (kierunki rozwoju, ważne perspektywy). W odniesieniu do wymiaru procesualnego recepcji poruszono kwestię wyzwań stających w przeszłości i obecnie na drodze praktyków MTU, ewolucji podejścia do jej zasad i strategii, a także punktów zwrotnych w pracy badawczej. Jak się okazuje, zbiorowość zajmująca się MTU w Polsce nie jest społecznym światem ani ogólnokrajowym środowiskiem; składa się raczej z silnej grupy wokół profesora Koneckiego oraz indywidualnych badaczy z innych ośrodków.
Pig farming systems and cysticercosis in Northern Uganda
Authors: Kungu Joseph Morison , Masembe Charles , Apamaku Michael , Akol Joyce , Amia Winfred Christine , Dione Michel
Published: October 2019

Rudimentary non-market-oriented pig rearing systems have been implicated in the persistence of Taenia solium cysticercosis, an endemic disease of high public health concern in Uganda. We investigated the seroprevalence and key predisposing factors of the disease in Moyo and Lira, two pig-producing districts in Northern Uganda. Cross-sectional serosurveys were conducted in 428 pig farms (Moyo, 262; Lira, 166). Farmers kept on average two adult pigs per herd. Tethering was a common practice in rural areas; free-ranging less so. Confinement of pigs in pens was characteristic of periurban farming systems. Pigs were mainly fed crop residues and forages in the rainy season, and swill and crop residues in the dry season. The majority of farmers of the survey were women (55%) above 45 years old, and 51% of farmers had attained primary school education. A total of 723 pig serum samples were collected, 403 in Moyo, and 320 in Lira. They were analyzed for Taenia spp. antigens using B158C11A10/B60H8A4 Antigen-ELISA. The overall animal seroprevalence of Taenia spp. serum antigen was 10.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.9–17.6), with 13.2% (95% CI: 7.1– 21.2) the highest in Moyo vs 6.9% (95% CI: 2.9–13.9) in Lira. The herd-level seroprevalence was estimated at 13.7% (95% CI: 9.8–18.5) in Moyo and 11.4% (95% CI: 7.0–17.2) in Lira. Out of 12 explanatory variables assessed for association with the observed seroprevalence, only the district of origin was significant (p = 0.01). Pigs originating from Lira were a protective factor against Taenia spp. cysticercosis (odds ratio: 0.54). These findings highlight the urgent need for an awareness campaign with prevention and control measures to minimize the risk of transmission to pork consumers in these districts.
Des objets intermédiaires pour aider aux coordinations entre éleveurs et laiterie. L’exemple d’une coopérative laitière caprine du sud de la France
Authors: Napoléone Martine
Published: October 2019

La gestion de la saisonnalité de la production laitière est une difficulté pour les entreprises de collecte et de transformation. Nous avons exploré ici l’intérêt de valoriser des complémentarités entre des systèmes de production présents sur un bassin de collecte. La mise en place d’un dispositif de coordination a été proposée pour identifier ces complémentarités au regard d’un enjeu négocié entre les éleveurs et la laiterie. Il a été conçu comme un itinéraire : a) la formalisation des activités élémentaires, b) l’analyse de leurs interactions, c) la formulation d’un diagnostic concerté, et d) l’identification de pistes d’action. A chaque étape ont été proposées des représentations graphiques construites à partir des pratiques des acteurs et des objets sur lesquels elles portaient. Ces représentations ont été utilisées comme des objets intermédiaires. A partir d’un projet de recherche-action conduit avec une petite coopérative laitière du sud de la France, nous avons montré que les représentations des livraisons ou de la collecte pouvaient être utilisées comme des objets intermédiaires permettant de rendre lisibles les modes de conduites des troupeaux ou la stratégie commerciale de la coopérative, facilitant l’analyse des interactions entre ces activités et l’élaboration d’un projet commun. En conclusion, des représentations simples et pragmatiques se sont avérées être des outils efficaces et intéressants à mobiliser dans le cadre d’actions collectives impliquant une coordination entre éleveurs et coopératives.
Genetic variation in wild populations and farmed stocks of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Madagascar
Authors: Ravakarivelo Monique , Pepey Elodie , Benzie John A.H. , Raminosoa Noromalala , Rasamoelina Harentsoaniaina , Mikolasek Olivier , De Verdal Hugues
Published: October 2019

Four farmed stocks and four wild populations of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which was first introduced to Madagascar sixty years ago, were assayed for genetic variation at nine microsatellite loci to determine levels of genetic diversity within populations and genetic relationships between them. Allelic diversity overlapped with that found in previously sampled populations elsewhere in Africa. There was no evidence of deviations from allele frequencies expected under conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium or of inbreeding in studied populations. Three distinct clusters of genotypes provided evidence of three separate introductions (from Egypt and Mauritius in 1956, and from Japan in 2011), and the occurrence of genotypes from more than one cluster within a single population provided evidence of their mixing. There were significant differences between populations which were not from the same environment (wild or farmed) or were not geographically related. Wild populations may be a valuable resource to support further development of farmed stocks from the perspective of genetic diversity.
Çocukları Suça Sürükleyen Çevresel Nedenler: Sosyal Bağ ve Sosyal Öğrenme Teorileri Işığında Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: BAĞIŞ Radiye Canan
Published: October 2019

Bireysel ve çevresel nedenler çocukların suça sürüklenmesine etki etmekte, bireysel nedenlerin tek başına belirleyiciliği bulunmamaktadır. Çevresel nedenlerin başında aile gelmektedir. Ailede başlayan sosyalleşme sürecinin sekteye uğraması, bu sürecin okul, akran grupları, çalışma yaşamı ve kitle iletişim araçlarının etkisiyle hatalı ve eksik bir şekilde devam etmesi çocukların suça yönelmesine neden olmaktadır. Suçu açıklamaya yönelik olarak biyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyolojik suç teorileri bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırmada sosyolojik suç teorileri üzerinde durulmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı sosyal bağ teorisi ve sosyal öğrenme teorileri ışığında çocuk suçluluğunun nedenlerinin bir değerlendirmesini yapmaktır. Araştırmada suçun öğrenilen bir davranış olduğu ve bireyin toplumla bağının zayıflamasının suç işleme olasılığını arttırdığı varsayımlarından hareket edilmektedir.
FILARIASIS DISTRIBUTION AND COVERAGE OF MASS DRUG ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Solikha Ikha , Adi M. Sakundarno
Published: October 2019

Background: Filariasis is still a serious health problem in Indonesia. One of the endemic areas is Demak, which implemented a mass drug administration (MDA) elimination programme in 2016. However, filariasis was still found in 2017–18. Purpose: This research aims to describe the distribution of filariasis and coverage of filariasis MDA in Demak. Method: A case series based on people, time, and place was used as the design of this research. The research was conducted in May–June 2019 using secondary data obtained from the Health Office of Demak based on the results of the MDA programme in the community. The target population of this research comprised residents of Demak from 2016 to 2018. The variables researched were filariasis cases based on gender, age, region, year of MDA implementation, and MDA coverage, which were described based on univariate and spatial analysis. Result: There were 23 filariasis cases in Demak during 2016–18, most of which occurred in the age group 46–60 (39.10%) and in women (60.90%); they occurred in almost all subdistricts of Demak. The MDA coverage of filariasis has reached the target (>85%), but there is one particular area that has decreased MDA coverage where some cases are found each year. Conclusion: Provision of MDA was carried out in 2016–18 but cases of filariasis are still being reported; also, one of these areas has been decreasing its MDA coverage every year.
A systematic review of the dimensions of transit-oriented urban planning and design = Una revisión sistemática de categorías para la evaluación de la planificación y el diseño urbano orientado al transporte público
Authors: Abdi Mohammad Hamed
Published: October 2019

AbstractDue to valuable global experiences regarding Transit Oriented Development (TOD) as a context-sensitive strategy, updating the planning dimensions and even post-performance imperfections is inevitable by which reinforcing new urban plans could be dramatically pursued. Therefore, the present study aimed to highlight the most significant dimensions of transit-oriented urban planning all over the world. To this end, relevant qualitative studies were systematically reviewed through a Qualitative Meta-synthesis study. A total of 17 peer-reviewed articles and complementary databases searched during May-August 2018 led to a number of 6522 records among which 23 cases met the eligibility criteria and quality appraisal for inclusion in the final list. Then, the results were interpreted by using qualitative content analysis and a development-driven model was drawn by a classification as the general TOD planning themes including place development, policy development, process development, and sustainable development. Based on the results of the study, 30 planning dimensions pertinent to TOD were listed. The results helped retrieve and collect the up-to-date dimensions and interpret the changes appeared during the decades of planning.Resumen  Debido a las valiosas experiencias globales realizadas en Desarrollo Orientado al Transporte Sostenible (DOTS)’, una estrategia sensible al contexto es inevitable actualizar la planificación e incluso las imperfecciones posteriores al desempeño, a las que se podría seguir reforzando los nuevos planes urbanos. Este estudio pretende resaltar las dimensiones más importantes para la planificación urbana orientada al tránsito en todo el mundo. Para ello, las investigaciones cualitativas relevantes se revisarán sistemáticamente a través de un estudio de meta-síntesis cualitativa (QMS). La búsqueda de 17 artículos revisados por pares y bases de datos complementarias de mayo a agosto de 2018 dio lugar a 6522 registros, de los cuales 23 cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad y la evaluación de calidad para estar en la lista final. Usando el análisis de contenido cualitativo, los resultados se interpretaron, y por una clasificación, se elaboró un modelo impulsado por el desarrollo como temas generales de planificación de DOTS, a saber, Desarrollo del desarrollo, Desarrollo de políticas, Desarrollo de procesos y Desarrollo sostenible. Con respecto a los hallazgos del estudio, se enumeran 30 dimensiones de planificación relevantes para DOTS. Los resultados ayudarán a recuperar y recopilar las dimensiones actualizadas y a interpretar los cambios
Annually Modelling Built-settlements between Remotely-sensed Observations Using Relative Changes in Subnational Populations and Lights at Night
Authors: Nieves Jeremiah J. , Sorichetta Alessandro , Linard Catherine , Bondarenko Maksym , Steele Jessica , Stevens Forrest , Gaughan Andrea E. , Carioli Alessandra , Clarke Donna , Esch Thomas , Tatem Andrew J.
Published: October 2019

Mapping settlement extents at the annual time step has a wide variety of applications in demography, public health, sustainable development, and many other fields. Recently, while more multitemporal urban feature or human settlement datasets have become available, issues still exist in remotely-sensed imagery due to coverage, adverse atmospheric conditions, and expenses involved in producing such feature sets. These challenges make it difficult to increase temporal coverage while maintaining high fidelity in the spatial resolution. Here we demonstrate an interpolative and flexible modeling framework for producing annual built-settlement extents. We use a combined technique of random forest and spatio-temporal dasymetric modeling with open source subnational data to produce annual 100m x 100m resolution binary settlement maps in four test countries of varying environmental and developmental contexts for test periods of five-year gaps. We find that in the majority of years, across all study areas, the model correctly identified between 85-99% of pixels that transition to built-settlement. Additionally, with few exceptions, the model substantially out performed a model that gave every pixel equal chance of transitioning to the category “built” in each year. This modelling framework shows strong promise for filling gaps in cross-sectional urban feature datasets derived from remotely-sensed imagery, provide a base upon which to create future built/settlement extent projections, and further explore the relationships between built area and population dynamics.
Recent Advances in the Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice
Authors: Kumar Manu
Published: October 2019

Many studies were done in the development of drought stress-tolerant transgenic plants, including crop plants. Rice is considered to be a vital crop target for improving drought stress tolerance. Much transgenic rice showed improved drought stress tolerance was reported to date. They are genetically engineered plants that are developed by using genes that encode proteins involved in drought stress regulatory networks. These proteins include protein kinases, transcription factors, enzymes related to osmoprotectant or plant hormone synthesis, receptor-like kinase. Of the drought stress-tolerant transgenic rice plants described in this review, most of them display retarded plant growth. In crop crops, plant health is a fundamental agronomic trait that can directly affect yield. By understanding the regulatory mechanisms of retarded plant growth under drought stress, conditions are necessary precursors to developing genetically modified plants that result in high yields.
Lowering the Carbon Footprint of Steel Production Using Hydrogen Direct Reduction of Iron Ore and Molten Metal Methane Pyrolysis
Authors: Bhaskar Abhinav , Assadi Mohsen , Nikpey Somehsaraei Homam
Published: October 2019

Reducing emissions from the iron and steel industry is essential to achieve the Paris climate goals. A new system to reduce the carbon footprint of steel production is proposed in this article by coupling hydrogen direct reduction of iron ore (H-DRI) and natural gas pyrolysis on liquid metal surface inside a bubble column reactor. If grid electricity from EU is used, the emissions would be 435 kg CO2/tls without considering methane leakage from the extraction, storage and transport of natural gas. Solid carbon, produced as a by-product of natural gas decomposition, finds applications in many industrial sectors, including as a replacement for coal in coke ovens. Specific energy consumption (SEC) of the proposed system is approximately 6.3 MWh per ton of liquid steel(tls). It is higher than other competing technologies, 3.48 MWh/tls for water electrolysis based DRI, and, 4.3-4.5 MWh/tls for natural gas based DRI and blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) respectively. Utilization of large quantities of natural gas, where the carbon remains unused, is the major reason for high SEC. Preliminary analysis of the system revealed that it has the potential to compete with existing technologies to produce CO2 free steel, if renewable electricity is used. Further studies on the kinetics of the bubble column reactor, H-DRI shaft furnace, design and sizing of components, along with building of industrial prototypes are required to improve the understanding of the system performance.
Optimization of the CO2 Liquefaction Process - Performance Study with Varying Ambient Temperature
Authors: Jackson Steven , Brodal Eivind
Published: October 2019

In CCS projects, the transportation of CO2 by ship can be an attractive alternative to transportation using a pipeline, particularly when the distance between source and disposal location is large. However, the energy consumption of the liquefaction process can be significant, making the selection of an energy-efficient design an important factor in the minimization of operating costs. Since the liquefaction process operates at low temperature, its energy consumption will vary with ambient temperature, which could be a factor that influences the trade-off point between pipelines and shipping in different geographic locations. A consistent set of data showing the relationship between energy consumption and cooling temperature is therefore potentially useful to CCS system modelling. This study compares the performance of a wide range of CO2 liquefaction schemes. It applies a methodical approach to the optimization of process operating parameters and studies performance across a range of operating temperatures. A set of data for the minimum energy consumption cases is presented. The main findings are that open-cycle CO2 processes often offer minimum energy consumption; NH3 based schemes often offer better performance at higher ambient temperatures; and that for the cooling temperature range 15 to 50 °C, the energy consumption for the best performing liquefaction process rises by around 40%.
Pre-Olympic Ice-Skaters Training Versus Muscle Fatigability Assessed by sEMG
Authors: Pakosz Paweł , Lukanova-Jakubowska Anna , Konieczny Mariusz
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the size of the change in fatigability of gluteus maximus muscles during difficult endurance training in dynamic conditions. The research covered involved eight female athletes of the Polish National Team in short track, which had been prepared to the Olympic Games in PyeongChang. The sEMG system was used to measure fatigue of right and left gluteus maximus muscles, in the modified Biering-Sorensen test. The test was conducted five times during the training: before training, after warmup, and after each of 3 series of the endurance training. Comparing the mean frequency of the surface electromyography power spectrum of the first and the last seconds of the test, statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) of the average frequency value of the right muscle from 55.61±7.08 Hz to 48.64±4.48 Hz and left muscle from 58.78±4.98 Hz to 53.18±4.62 Hz was reported. In the conducted Biering-Sorensen test, the value of the muscle signal frequency measured by surface electromyography decreases, which may prove the muscle fatigue. Reductions in the frequency measured in the first and the last second of the test, was higher of the right lower limb. The size of the d Cohen effect in fatigue drops along with subsequent five tests during the training.
An Approximate Solution to Prandtl’s Equations for a Laminar Flow over an Infinite Horizontal Flat Plate
Authors: Venetis John
Published: October 2019

In this paper, a further mathematical analysis of some previous results of the author’s ongoing investigation regarding Prandtl’s equations is accomplished. In particular, the objective of the present work is the performance of an approximate explicit solution to Prandtl’s system of equations for a laminar, isothermal, incompressible and steady boundary layer flow of a Newtonian fluid, over an infinite horizontal flat plate.
Polio Eradication in Nigeria and India: A Systematic Review of Challenges and Successes
Authors: Bulama Ahmed A. , Goodman-Brown Jane
Published: October 2019

Background: The global eradication of polio is considered an emergency and an unaccomplished task until completely eliminated. Vaccinating children against the polio virus confers immunity on them and breaks the transmission of the polio virus. Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan remain the only three countries in the world that have not eliminated polio. The aims of this paper were to: (1) to identify the factors that impact the failure to eliminate polio from Nigeria and (2) determine the factors that led to the successful elimination of polio from India.
Methodology: A systematic literature review was carried out to meet the above research objectives.
Methods: Four electronic databases were searched (Cochrane Library, Medline, PubMed and Google Scholar) and articles that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected and critically appraised.
Results: In all, 98 articles were retrieved. After selection based on our selection criteria, fourteen studies were identified and included in the study. These were 5 systematic reviews: 3 cross-sectional studies, 3 mixed methods studies, 2 case-control studies and one quantitative (survey) study. In all, seven themes were identified from the review of the articles. Four themes were identified from the factors associated with the failure to eliminate polio from Nigeria: (1) Failure of the oral polio vaccine (OPV); (2) Institutional and geographical failures in vaccine programs; (3) Program and campaign management limitations; and (4) Vaccine refusal. Similarly, three themes were identified from the factors that contributed to the elimination of polio from India: (1) Replacement of the trivalent OPV with the monovalent and bivalent OPVs; (2) Implementation of intensive social mobilization strategies; and (3) Effective program micro planning and campaign management.
Conclusion: Based on the findings from the literature review, we highlight areas where Nigeria can learn from India in its quest to eliminate polio. These factors can form the basis for future theoretical and policy reforms in the fight against polio not only in Nigeria but in countries where it remains endemic. Further research should compare the success of polio eradication in other countries.
Key words: • Polio • Immunization • Nigeria • India • Pakistan • Eradication • Systematic review
 
Copyright © 2019 Bulama and Goodman-Brown. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Cluster Flow Identification During Multi-Rate Testing Using a Wireline Tractor Conveyed Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing System With Engineered Fiber on a HPHT Horizontal Unconventional Gas Producer in the Liard Basin
Authors: Cerrahoglu Cagri , Naldrett Garth , Vigrass Adam , Aghayev Rufat
Published: October 2019

This paper investigates the flow performance of a horizontal unconventional gas producer where cluster flow has been detected and quantified. The method employed is the first use of a wireline deployed engineered fiber optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) system for the purpose of production monitoring. It further describes the technological advancement of the DAS system.

While distributed fiber optics sensors have been used in unconventional wells for over ten years, the focus has been on stimulation monitoring, where relatively large thermal and acoustic signatures are easily measured. There has been limited success on the use of the same systems for production monitoring in horizontal wells since the thermal and acoustic flow signatures are very small. The recent technological advancements achieved in the area of Distributed Acoustic Sensing, using engineered fibers with dramatic improvements in the signal-to noise ratio, now make it possible to sense low levels of inflow noise with DAS systems. This study presents two distinct ways of analysing DAS data to extract production information and demonstrates the analysis using real field data.

The well is an unconventional dry gas producer in the Liard Basin, Canada, which was completed in 18 stages, with 3 cluster per stage, a total of 54 clusters along a horizontal section of ~2000m. The top 11 stages were logged on tractor conveyed wireline with DAS and DTS data acquired over a 19-hour period. The acquisition covered an initial shut-in period, followed by a ramp up to a maximum test rate, and a final shut-in period. Data from the full acquisition period was analysed and is presented in the paper.

The data acquired at various points during the acquisition period was used to detect and quantify inflow. It was found that one of the clusters was active throughout the shut-in period and inactive during the maximum test rate. We were also able to identify more clusters being activated as the production rate increased. The increase in the number of active clusters was not proportional to the increase in the surface gas rate, with heel side clusters becoming active before the toe side clusters as the production rate was increased. The results of this survey yielded remarkable insights that informed the operator on the completion efficiency and the relationship between the total production rate and cluster activity.