bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opportunities for reducing college drinking: The roles of drinking attitudes and blackout experience
Authors: DiBello Angelo M. , Hatch Melissa R. , Miller Mary Beth , Neighbors Clayton , Carey Kate B.
Published: June 2021

Background

As many as 35% of college students report having been drunk in the past month, and greater alcohol use and alcohol‐related problems are associated with a positive attitude toward heavy drinking. One serious consequence of heavy drinking is alcohol‐induced blackout. When they occur, alcohol‐induced blackouts present a unique opportunity to increase motivation to change drinking. However, it is unclear under what conditions an alcohol‐related heavy drinking attitude and experiencing a blackout represent an opportunity to change and how experiencing a blackout(s) influences an individual's motivation to reduce drinking and actual behavior.

Methods

This study tested the interplay between one's positive attitude toward heavy drinking and experiencing a blackout in the past year in predicting motivation to reduce drinking (Study 1) and its impact on drinking over time (Study 2). Data were derived from complementary datasets collected at two universities (Study 1 n = 703, mean age = 20.63 years, 44% male, 52% White; Study 2 n = 568, mean age = 19.18 years, 72% male, 84% White). Drinking behavior was measured using a modified Daily Drinking Questionnaire, the Drinking Norms Rating Form, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Regression analyses were conducted to determine whether a blackout would moderate the association between attitude and motivation to reduce drinking (Study 1) and drinking over time (Study 2).

Results

Results revealed a significant interaction between attitude and blackout, such that individuals who experience a blackout (vs. those who do not) and positively evaluate heavy drinking evidenced lower motivation to reduce drinking (Study 1) and higher levels of estimated peak BAC (Study 2).

Conclusions

Drinkers with a negative attitude toward heavy drinking who have experienced a blackout have the strongest motivation to reduce drinking and the greatest reductions in peak drinking behavior over time. These effects are over and above that related to the level of alcohol consumed. For young adults who do not positively endorse heavy drinking, blackouts may present a “moment of opportunity” for intervention.
“We’re Not Used to Racism at All”: Race, Language, and Becoming “Global” at the Bilingual Academy of Senegal
Authors: Speciale Teresa
Published: June 2021

This ethnography examines the links between race and language at a private French‐English school in Dakar, Senegal. Drawing on theories of de/coloniality, anthropology of white supremacy, and raciolinguistics, this article examines the ways in which racial and linguistic ideologies circulated within the school, in particular around discussions of global citizenship. This study contributes a decolonial, raciolinguistic analysis to anthropological discussions of education, language, and race.
An organic bait based on Palicourea marcgravii (Rubiaceae) and Tephrosia candida (Fabaceae) does not control nests of Atta laevigata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in eucalyptus plantations
Authors: Lemes Pedro G. , de Matos Mateus F. , Araújo Carlos A. , Serrão José E. , Zanuncio José C.
Published: June 2021

Leaf‐cutting ants of the genus Atta (Myrmicinae: Attini) are the main forest pests in Brazil, due to their economic damage, social complexity and geographical distribution. Chemical control with baits is the most viable and successful method to control these insects; and products with low environmental impact have been researched.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the mortality of Atta laevigata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) nests treated with Bioisca® bait, in different dosages, in eucalyptus plantations compared with those treated with sulfluramid and fipronil baits.

Seven treatments were used: Bioisca® (Palicourea marcgravii (Rubiaceae) + Tephrosia candida (Fabaceae)), with 5, 10, 15 and 20 g; Blitz® (fipronil), Atta Mex‐S® (sulfluramid) baits with 6 g/m2 of ant nest loose soil and the control, without ant baits.

It took 7 days for the first colony to have its activity stopped using the Blitz® treatment. It happened only at 30 days when treated with Bioisca® and Atta‐Mex‐S® .

The mortality of nests treated with Bioisca® was very low with only one controlled out of 20 that received this bait. Bioisca® does not control the nests of A. laevigata in eucalyptus plantations.
Can altered colostrum miRNA expression profile after cesarean delivery be a risk factor for autoimmune diseases?
Authors: Yerlikaya Fatma Humeyra , Eryavuz Onmaz Duygu , Altunhan Huseyin , Ilhan Merve
Published: June 2021

Problem

The cesarean section (CS) rate has increased significantly in North America, Western Europe, and Latin America. However, it has been reported that the incidence of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as asthma and type 1 diabetes increased in parallel with CS in these countries. Our aim was to investigate the expression level of miRNAs associated with inflammatory response and autoimmune diseases in colostrum samples and contribute to elucidating the role of CS in the pathogenesis of immune system–related diseases.

Method of study

Colostrum samples were taken from voluntary mothers who had 40 normal and 50 cesarean births. miRNAs were extracted from colostrums and detected to miRNA expression profiling (eighty‐four miRNAs) by quantitative real‐time PCR with the Fluidigm integrated microfluidic circuit technology.

Results

There was a statistically significant change in the expression levels of 17 miRNAs in the colostrums of mothers who had normal and cesarean delivery (p < .05), and all of miRNAs were upregulated in the colostrums of mothers who have had cesarean delivery.

Conclusion

Our best knowledge is that the study we conducted was the first to investigate the effect of delivery method (CS or normal) on the miRNA profile of colostrum. Cesarean delivery is a potential risk factor for inflammatory and immune system–related diseases in children due to dysregulation in miRNA expression.
Evidence‐based update on Australasian pharmaceutical prescribing approaches for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Bradfield Strydom Moira , Walpola Ramesh Lahiru , Khan Sohil , Ware Robert S. , Tiralongo Evelin
Published: June 2021

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is a subtype of vulvovaginal candidiasis, with debilitating effects on physical and emotional well‐being affecting up to 10% of Australian women. Current evidence suggests that the induction and maintenance approach for RVVC is not particularly effective with post‐treatment relapse rates as high as 57%. Frequently accessed Australasian RVVC prescribing resources and guidelines were examined showing a variety of adaptations of current evidence‐based induction and maintenance therapies, making it difficult to select best treatment in clinical practice. The ways to introduce more clarity and consistency into these guidelines are outlined.
Dedicated hip fracture services: a systematic review
Authors: Moore Parisse , An Vincent V. G. , Nandapalan Haren , Sivakumar Brahman
Published: June 2021

Background

Hip fractures (HFs) are common and pose a significant burden to both the individual and the community. Prompt operative management and aggressive rehabilitation have been shown to improve outcomes. However, there is often a delay in treatment due to lack of theatre availability and appropriate perioperative multi‐disciplinary care. This study reviews the literature and reports on outcomes of HFs treated in dedicated units with allocated theatre time and pre‐determined multi‐disciplinary perioperative pathways. It also provides comparison against outcomes data from HF registries, both domestically and internationally.

Methods

An electronic literature search was performed to identify original, English language studies reporting on patient outcomes from dedicated HF units (HFUs). Studies were graded using the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery criteria. Data were extracted from the text, table and figures of the selected studies.

Results

Five appropriate studies, with a total cohort of 6633 patients (4032 of whom were treated in a dedicated HFU), were identified. Patients treated in these units sustained a lower mortality rate (Risk Ratio  = 0.62, p = 0.01).

Conclusions

This review demonstrates that centres with dedicated HFUs result in improved 30‐day mortality. Further research may demonstrate more sustained improvements in outcomes. The implementation of dedicated HFUs within health systems should be considered.
Sleep and stress in times of the COVID‐19 pandemic: The role of personal resources
Authors: Werner Anika , Kater Maren‐Jo , Schlarb Angelika A. , Lohaus Arnold
Published: June 2021

There is still little research on the association between COVID‐19‐related stress and insufficient sleep. As distress is assumed to be high in these times, the role of personal resources becomes more important. The current study aimed to investigate the predictive role of COVID‐19‐related stress, positive affect, and self‐care behavior for subjective sleep quality and sleep change measures since the outbreak of COVID‐19 in Germany. A sample of 991 adults (M = 34.11 years; SD = 12.99) answered questionnaires during the first lockdown period in Germany and afterward (between April 1 and June 5, 2020). A higher stress level predicted lower sleep quality and more negative changes in overall sleep and pre‐sleep arousal. Higher levels of positive affect and self‐care predicted higher sleep quality and more positive changes in sleep. Analyses showed a moderation of positive affect on the association between stress and change in pre‐sleep arousal. The improvement in personal resources, especially positive affect, in times of high stress seems relevant to overcome sleep problems. Future research should include objective measurements of sleep and longitudinal designs to uncover causal directions of effects.
Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and endometrial cancer risk: The Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study
Authors: Watanabe Yuya , Katagiri Ryoko , Goto Atsushi , Shimazu Taichi , Yamaji Taiki , Sawada Norie , Iwasaki Motoki , Inoue Manami , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   for the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study Group
Published: June 2021

Evidence supporting the association of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with the risk of endometrial cancer is controversial and reports from Asia were limited. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association in Japanese women. We evaluated 52 460 women in the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study aged 45‐74 years who responded to the 5‐year follow‐up survey. GI and GL were calculated from a validated food frequency questionnaire, and the participants were divided into three groups by GI and GL. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with the Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for potential confounding factors. As a result, within 15.5 years of follow‐up, 166 new cases of endometrial cancer were identified. Compared with the lowest GI and GL tertile groups, the HR of the risk of endometrial cancer in the highest GI tertile group was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.53‐1.20; Ptrend = .33), and that of the highest GL tertile group was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.52‐1.19; Ptrend = .82). The results were unchanged after stratification by body mass index, coffee consumption, and history of diabetes. In conclusion, we did not find any significant association between GI and GL with the risk of endometrial cancer. Further research is required to clarify the association.
Restricted Power Diagrams on the GPU
Authors: Basselin J. , Alonso L. , Ray N. , Sokolov D. , Lefebvre S. , Lévy B.
Published: June 2021

We propose a method to simultaneously decompose a 3D object into power diagram cells and to integrate given functions in each of the obtained simple regions. We offer a novel, highly parallel algorithm that lends itself to an efficient GPU implementation. It is optimized for algorithms that need to compute many decompositions, for instance, centroidal Voronoi tesselation algorithms and incompressible fluid dynamics simulations.

We propose an efficient solution that directly evaluates the integrals over every cell without computing the power diagram explicitly and without intersecting it with a tetrahedralization of the domain. Most computations are performed on the fly, without storing the power diagram. We manipulate a triangulation of the boundary of the domain (instead of tetrahedralizing the domain) to speed up the process. Moreover, the cells are treated independently one from another, making it possible to trivially scale up on a parallel architecture.

Despite recent Voronoi diagram generation methods optimized for the GPU, computing integrals over restricted power diagrams still poses significant challenges; the restriction to a complex simulation domain is difficult and likely to be slow. It is not trivial to determine when a cell of a power diagram is completely computed, and the resulting integrals (e.g. the weighted Laplacian operator matrix) do not fit into fast (shared) GPU memory. We address all these issues and boost the performance of the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms by a factor 2 to 3 for (unrestricted) Voronoi diagrams and a ×50 speed‐up with respect to CPU implementations for restricted power diagrams. An essential ingredient to achieve this is our new scheduling strategy that allows us to treat each Voronoi/power diagram cell with optimal settings and to benefit from the fast memory.
Real‐Time Frequency Adjustment of Images and Videos
Authors: Germano Rafael L. , Oliveira Manuel M. , Gastal Eduardo S. L.
Published: June 2021

We present a technique for real‐time adjustment of spatial frequencies in images and videos. Our method allows for both decreasing and increasing of frequencies, and is orthogonal to image resizing. Thus, it can be used to automatically adjust spatial frequencies to preserve the appearance of structured patterns during image downscaling and upscaling. By pre‐computing the image's space‐frequency decomposition and its unwrapped phases, these operations can be performed in real time, thanks to our novel mathematical perspective on frequency manipulation of digital images: interpreting the problem through the theory of instantaneous frequencies and phase unwrapping. To make this possible, we introduce an algorithm for the simultaneous phase unwrapping of several unordered frequency components, which also deals with the frequency‐sign ambiguity of real signals. As such, our method provides theoretical and practical improvements to the concept of spectral remapping, enabling real‐time performance and improved color handling. We demonstrate its effectiveness on a large number of images subject to frequency adjustment. By providing real‐time control over the spatial frequencies associated with structured patterns, our technique expands the range of creative and technical possibilities for image and video processing.
Write Like You: Synthesizing Your Cursive Online Chinese Handwriting via Metric‐based Meta Learning
Authors: Tang Shusen , Lian Zhouhui
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we propose a novel Sequence‐to‐Sequence model based on metric‐based meta learning for the arbitrary style transfer of online Chinese handwritings. Unlike most existing methods that treat Chinese handwritings as images and are unable to reflect the human writing process, the proposed model directly handles sequential online Chinese handwritings. Generally, our model consists of three sub‐models: a content encoder, a style encoder and a decoder, which are all Recurrent Neural Networks. In order to adaptively obtain the style information, we introduce an attention‐based adaptive style block which has been experimentally proven to bring considerable improvement to our model. In addition, to disentangle the latent style information from characters written by any writers effectively, we adopt metric‐based meta learning and pre‐train the style encoder using a carefully‐designed discriminative loss function. Then, our entire model is trained in an end‐to‐end manner and the decoder adaptively receives the style information from the style encoder and the content information from the content encoder to synthesize the target output. Finally, by feeding the trained model with a content character and several characters written by a given user, our model can write that Chinese character in the user's handwriting style by drawing strokes one by one like humans. That is to say, as long as you write several Chinese character samples, our model can imitate your handwriting style when writing. In addition, after fine‐tuning the model with a few samples, it can generate more realistic handwritings that are difficult to be distinguished from the real ones. Both qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our method.
Neural Acceleration of Scattering‐Aware Color 3D Printing
Authors: Rittig Tobias , Sumin Denis , Babaei Vahid , Didyk Piotr , Voloboy Alexey , Wilkie Alexander , Bickel Bernd , Myszkowski Karol , Weyrich Tim , Křivánek Jaroslav
Published: June 2021

With the wider availability of full‐color 3D printers, color‐accurate 3D‐print preparation has received increased attention. A key challenge lies in the inherent translucency of commonly used print materials that blurs out details of the color texture. Previous work tries to compensate for these scattering effects through strategic assignment of colored primary materials to printer voxels. To date, the highest‐quality approach uses iterative optimization that relies on computationally expensive Monte Carlo light transport simulation to predict the surface appearance from subsurface scattering within a given print material distribution; that optimization, however, takes in the order of days on a single machine. In our work, we dramatically speed up the process by replacing the light transport simulation with a data‐driven approach. Leveraging a deep neural network to predict the scattering within a highly heterogeneous medium, our method performs around two orders of magnitude faster than Monte Carlo rendering while yielding optimization results of similar quality level. The network is based on an established method from atmospheric cloud rendering, adapted to our domain and extended by a physically motivated weight sharing scheme that substantially reduces the network size. We analyze its performance in an end‐to‐end print preparation pipeline and compare quality and runtime to alternative approaches, and demonstrate its generalization to unseen geometry and material values. This for the first time enables full heterogenous material optimization for 3D‐print preparation within time frames in the order of the actual printing time.
Perceptual quality of BRDF approximations: dataset and metrics
Authors: Lavoué Guillaume , Bonneel Nicolas , Farrugia Jean‐Philippe , Soler Cyril
Published: June 2021

Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions (BRDFs) are pivotal to the perceived realism in image synthesis. While measured BRDF datasets are available, reflectance functions are most of the time approximated by analytical formulas for storage efficiency reasons. These approximations are often obtained by minimizing metrics such as L2—or weighted quadratic—distances, but these metrics do not usually correlate well with perceptual quality when the BRDF is used in a rendering context, which motivates a perceptual study. The contributions of this paper are threefold. First, we perform a large‐scale user study to assess the perceptual quality of 2026 BRDF approximations, resulting in 84138 judgments across 1005 unique participants. We explore this dataset and analyze perceptual scores based on material type and illumination. Second, we assess nine analytical BRDF models in their ability to approximate tabulated BRDFs. Third, we assess several image‐based and BRDF‐based (Lp, optimal transport and kernel distance) metrics in their ability to approximate perceptual similarity judgments.
Honey, I Shrunk the Domain: Frequency‐aware Force Field Reduction for Efficient Fluids Optimization
Authors: Tang Jingwei , C. Azevedo Vinicius , Cordonnier Guillaume , Solenthaler Barbara
Published: June 2021

Fluid control often uses optimization of control forces that are added to a simulation at each time step, such that the final animation matches a single or multiple target density keyframes provided by an artist. The optimization problem is strongly under‐constrained with a high‐dimensional parameter space, and finding optimal solutions is challenging, especially for higher resolution simulations. In this paper, we propose two novel ideas that jointly tackle the lack of constraints and high dimensionality of the parameter space. We first consider the fact that optimized forces are allowed to have divergent modes during the optimization process. These divergent modes are not entirely projected out by the pressure solver step, manifesting as unphysical smoke sources that are explored by the optimizer to match a desired target. Thus, we reduce the space of the possible forces to the family of strictly divergence‐free velocity fields, by optimizing directly for a vector potential. We synergistically combine this with a smoothness regularization based on a spectral decomposition of control force fields. Our method enforces lower frequencies of the force fields to be optimized first by filtering force frequencies in the Fourier domain. The mask‐growing strategy is inspired by Kolmogorov's theory about scales of turbulence. We demonstrate improved results for 2D and 3D fluid control especially in higher‐resolution settings, while eliminating the need for manual parameter tuning. We showcase various applications of our method, where the user effectively creates or edits smoke simulations.
Enabling Viewpoint Learning through Dynamic Label Generation
Authors: Schelling M. , Hermosilla P. , Vázquez P.‐P. , Ropinski T.
Published: June 2021

Optimal viewpoint prediction is an essential task in many computer graphics applications. Unfortunately, common viewpoint qualities suffer from two major drawbacks: dependency on clean surface meshes, which are not always available, and the lack of closed‐form expressions, which requires a costly search involving rendering. To overcome these limitations we propose to separate viewpoint selection from rendering through an end‐to‐end learning approach, whereby we reduce the influence of the mesh quality by predicting viewpoints from unstructured point clouds instead of polygonal meshes. While this makes our approach insensitive to the mesh discretization during evaluation, it only becomes possible when resolving label ambiguities that arise in this context. Therefore, we additionally propose to incorporate the label generation into the training procedure, making the label decision adaptive to the current network predictions. We show how our proposed approach allows for learning viewpoint predictions for models from different object categories and for different viewpoint qualities. Additionally, we show that prediction times are reduced from several minutes to a fraction of a second, as compared to state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) viewpoint quality evaluation. Code and training data is available at https://github.com/schellmi42/viewpoint_learning, which is to our knowledge the biggest viewpoint quality dataset available.
Blue Noise Plots
Authors: van Onzenoodt Christian , Singh Gurprit , Ropinski Timo , Ritschel Tobias
Published: June 2021

We propose Blue Noise Plots, two‐dimensional dot plots that depict data points of univariate data sets. While often one‐dimensional strip plots are used to depict such data, one of their main problems is visual clutter which results from overlap. To reduce this overlap, jitter plots were introduced, whereby an additional, non‐encoding plot dimension is introduced, along which the data point representing dots are randomly perturbed. Unfortunately, this randomness can suggest non‐existent clusters, and often leads to visually unappealing plots, in which overlap might still occur. To overcome these shortcomings, we introduce Blue Noise Plots where random jitter along the non‐encoding plot dimension is replaced by optimizing all dots to keep a minimum distance in 2D i. e., Blue Noise. We evaluate the effectiveness as well as the aesthetics of Blue Noise Plots through both, a quantitative and a qualitative user study. The Python implementation of Blue Noise Plots is available here.
Curve Complexity Heuristic KD‐trees for Neighborhood‐based Exploration of 3D Curves
Authors: Lu Yucheng , Cheng Luyu , Isenberg Tobias , Fu Chi-Wing , Chen Guoning , Liu Hui , Deussen Oliver , Wang Yunhai
Published: June 2021

We introduce the curve complexity heuristic (CCH), a KD‐tree construction strategy for 3D curves, which enables interactive exploration of neighborhoods in dense and large line datasets. It can be applied to searches of k‐nearest curves (KNC) as well as radius‐nearest curves (RNC). The CCH KD‐tree construction consists of two steps: (i) 3D curve decomposition that takes into account curve complexity and (ii) KD‐tree construction, which involves a novel splitting and early termination strategy. The obtained KD‐tree allows us to improve the speed of existing neighborhood search approaches by at least an order of magnitude (i. e., 28×for KNC and 12×for RNC with 98% accuracy) by considering local curve complexity. We validate this performance with a quantitative evaluation of the quality of search results and computation time. Also, we demonstrate the usefulness of our approach for supporting various applications such as interactive line queries, line opacity optimization, and line abstraction.
People withweight‐related long‐termconditions want support fromGPs: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Talbot Amelia , Salinas Maria , Albury Charlotte , Ziebland Sue
Published: June 2021

Two‐thirds of UK adults do not have an up‐to‐date weight record in primary care. Some studies suggest that doctors do not raise the topic of weight management for fear of causing embarrassment or offence, or are doubtful whether people will make changes. However, for people with weight‐related long‐term conditions, conversations with general practitioners (GPs) can be crucial. Our study explores how people with long‐term conditions associated with overweight recall and interpret conversations about weight in British primary care. An experienced qualitative researcher interviewed 41 people aged<42 years with long‐term conditions associated with overweight. A maximum variation sample was sought, and transcribed interviews were analysed thematically. We revealed that patients with weight‐related long‐term conditions have different experiences and expectations about the role of GPs in supporting weight management. If a GP did not raise weight management in the context of the long‐term condition patients formed the impression that their overweight was not seen as “doctorable” that is, as an appropriate topic for the consultation, rather than a personal or “lifestyle” concern. This was explained in multiple ways, which are captured in two themes; perceiving weight as “doctorable”; and weight doctoring in primary care. The findings highlight the need for increased attention on weight‐related long‐term conditions in primary care. Interventions from GPs would be welcome if conducted in a sensitive, non‐judgmental manner and based on sound evidence about what works.
Impact of Chinese respiratory physicians participating in smoking cessation and mobile health: A randomised feasibility trial
Authors: Wang Yizhe , Xu Xi , Li Rong , Zhang Li , Kang Jian , Xiao Dan , Hu Xuejun , Wang Xiaonan
Published: June 2021

Introduction

People who are eager to quit smoking often lack long‐term, daily smoking cessation guidance. In addition, advances in mobile communication technology offer promising ways for providing tobacco dependence treatment. However, it is unclear whether the doctor‐WeChat network can improve the smoking cessation rate of nicotine‐dependent patients.

Methods

In this prospective single‐blind cohort study, 250 smokers were enrolled from May 2018 to October 2018. They were randomly divided into two groups, with or without doctors’ active smoking cessation service, and followed up for 6 months. The smoking cessation rate and characteristics of successful smoking cessation groups were compared. The reasons for relapse were also analysed.

Results

After smoking cessation for 3 months, the success rate of the group involving active respiratory physicians was 65.0% (80/123), whereas the success rate of the control group was 34.7% (34/98). After 6 months, the success rate of the group involving active respiratory physicians was 55.3% (68/123), while that of the control group was only 11.2% (11/98). There was no difference in the weight change of the participants between the two groups. Subgroup analysis showed that doctors’ participation had a greater impact on the success of smoking cessation in men younger than 45 years or unemployed.

Conclusions

Doctors in mobile smoking cessation services played a very important role in improving quit rates. Our research provided methodological guidance for further clinical trials and a template for further real‐world applications of smoking cessation services.
Early recognition of chronic rejection in a face allotransplant patient with alopecia
Authors: Akdogan Neslihan , Ersoy‐Evans Sibel , Gokoz Ozay , Erdem Yunus , Nasir Serdar
Published: June 2021

The features of chronic rejection (CR) in full‐face vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) are not well‐known. Herein, we report a full‐face transplant patient that experienced two episodes of acute rejection (AR) and three episodes of AR/CR over the course of 6‐years. The patient noticed a small, round patch of hair loss in his beard 9 months after the second AR episode, which occurred 21 months post‐transplantation. Biopsy of the alopecic patch showed lichen‐planopilaris‐like features, which were suggestive of early CR. Despite an increase in immunosuppressive dosages, the alopecia progressed. Following the second and third AR/CR episodes, the alopecia became more pronounced, with the addition of hyperpigmentation as well as sclerosis and telangiectasia. The findings of multiple biopsies showed CR. Based on these findings we think that alopecia with lichen‐planopilaris‐like histopathological features similar to grade III AR features, particularly in hair follicles appears to be an early finding of CR in the presented patient. The findings further indicate that follicular involvement may be a significant feature of CR in VCA patients and that it can present prior to sclerosis, vasculopathy, or loss of adnexa. The present case is uniquely important because of the distinctive presentation of CR, with hair follicles clinically and histopathologically affected, leading to progressive and irreversible alopecia with lichen‐planopilaris‐like histopathology.
Animating the Kress Collection: Toward a Model of Shared Curatorial Authority and Engagement with Old Master Works
Authors: Khan Sabiha Ahmad , Sommer Elisabeth W.
Published: June 2021

In 2014, The El Paso Museum of Art (EPMA) embarked on a project to fuse Old Master paintings with digital animation called, “Animating the Kress Collection.” The primary goal was to engage younger audiences, roughly defined as middle school through young adult, with the museum’s Kress Collection of European Old Master artists, with supporting goals of making the works more accessible to K‐12 teachers and students and encouraging the wider community to visit the collection. The project raised issues of navigating between object and experience in the curator‐educator divide common in art museums. We argue that digital animation tools provide a way of bridging that divide, but with the proviso that these tools can create new understandings of cultural assets. We further argue, therefore, that digital animation comprises a method of knowledge‐making that allowed for student interns to put their own stamp on the paintings in the Kress, thus sharing authority with formal curatorial approaches. In the course of production, animated humor emerged as a key interpretive strategy for breaking down the wall between curatorial expertise and audience experience, allowing audiences to feel less intimidated by and more engaged with the artworks. Ultimately, because this project began under one museum director and ended under another, the initial goals fell by the wayside as they were not shared by the new administration. This project thus holds important lessons in the role of leadership and thought‐provoking possibilities for expanding the curatorial vision in museums in general, and art museums in particular.
Anti‐COVID‐19 measurements for hidradenitis suppurativa patients
Authors: Giamarellos‐Bourboulis Evangelos J. , Bettoli Vincenzo , Jemec Gregor B. E. , del Marmol Veronique , Marzano Angelo V. , Prens Errol P. , Tzellos Thrasyvoulos , Zouboulis Christos C.
Published: June 2021

The reported incidence of COVID‐19 among cohorts of patients with inflammatory bowel and skin diseases under treatment with biologicals is low. Treatment may further modify disease severity as some biological modifiers, such as anakinra, are also proposed for the management of COVID‐19 patients potentially providing HS patients with an advantage.

The above preliminary evidence suggests that hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) does probably not provide an increased susceptibility for COVID‐19 and that any susceptibility is unlikely to be modified negatively by treatment with biologicals.

On the occasion of its 10th International Conference, experts of the European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. have prepared a consensus statement regarding anti‐COVID‐19 measurements for HS patients. Based on the available knowledge, patients with HS may be vaccinated against SARS‐CoV2 and patients affected by metabolic syndrome constitute a high‐risk group for COVID‐19 and should be vaccinated at the earliest convenient point in time. HS patients on treatment with adalimumab can be vaccinated with non‐living virus anti‐SARS‐CoV2 vaccines. A possible suboptimal effect of the vaccine may be suspected but might not be expected universally. The management of the biological treatment in HS patients is at the discretion of the dermatologist / responsible physician.
No small matter: emerging roles for exosomal miRNAs in the immune system
Authors: Bauer Kaylyn M. , Round June L. , O'Connell Ryan M.
Published: June 2021

Extracellular communication is critical to the function of an organism. Exosomes, small lipid extracellular vesicles, have been recently appreciated to participate in this vital function. Within these vesicles lie critical bioactive molecules including mRNAs, proteins, and a plethora of noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs). Exosomal miRNAs have been shown to be produced by, trafficked between, and function in many distinct donor and recipient cell types, including cells of the immune system. For instance, loss of these critical communicators can alter the cellular response to endotoxin, and when tumor cells lose the ability to secrete these vesicles, the immune system is able to effectively suppress tumor growth. This review will highlight key findings on the known communication to and from the immune system, highlighting exosomal miRNA research in macrophages, dendritic cells, B lymphocytes, and T cells. Additionally, we will focus on three major areas of exosomal studies that involve immune responses including mucosal barriers, adipose tissue, and the tumor microenvironment. These environments are heterogeneous and dynamic, and rapidly respond to the microbiota, metabolic shifts, and immunotherapies, respectively. It is clear that exosomal miRNAs play pivotal roles in regulating cross‐talk between cells in these tissues, and this represents a novel layer of cellular communication proving critical in human health and disease.
Acute kidney injury secondary to chlorine dioxide use for COVID‐19 prevention
Authors: Medina‐Avitia Ernesto , Tella‐Vega Pamela , García‐Estrada Christian
Published: June 2021

Chlorine dioxide has been historically used as a disinfecting agent for drinking water supplies and surfaces. Widespread use as an alternative option for prevention and treatment of COVID‐19 has emerged due to a lack of specific treatment. We present the case of a 55‐year‐old male who developed acute kidney injury and disseminated intravascular coagulation after chlorine dioxide prophylactic ingestion, with regression after therapy with hemodialysis.
Advanced germ cell tumor patients undergoing post‐chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection: Impact of residual teratoma on prognosis
Authors: Nitta Satoshi , Kawai Koji , Kimura Tomokazu , Kandori Shuya , Kawahara Takashi , Kojima Takahiro , Nishiyama Hiroyuki
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the histologic findings and clinical outcomes of post‐chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for advanced germ cell tumor.

Methods

We analyzed the medical records of 66 patients who underwent post‐chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection between 2005 and 2019 at Tsukuba University Hospital.

Results

The proportions of necrosis, teratoma, and viable germ cell tumor in the specimens were 62.1%, 36.4%, and 1.5%, respectively. The 5‐year progression‐free and overall survival rates were 82.3% and 91.3%, respectively. The 5‐year overall survival rate of patients with residual teratoma was significantly worse than that of patients with necrosis only (74.1% vs 100%). Overall, three patients died: one from cancer and two from teratoma with somatic‐type malignancy. Of these, two patients relapsed after incomplete resection of residual teratoma. When limited to patients with completely resected teratoma, the 5‐year overall survival rate was 91.7%, which did not differ from that for patients with necrosis only. Multivariate analysis showed that presence of teratoma in the primary site and decrease in retroperitoneal lymph node mass to less than 50% of the initial tumor size were independent factors for residual teratoma. However, the absence of these factors could not reliably predict necrosis only in retroperitoneal lymph node dissection specimens.

Conclusions

In our series, 98% of post‐chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection pathology was either necrosis or teratoma, with viable germ cell tumor only found in 2% of patients. Residual teratoma was associated with poorer prognosis, especially in cases of incomplete resection.
Can we get them moving? The impact of mobility assistance on cross‐country migration of young adults in Europe
Authors: Fervers Lukas , Ilg Lena
Published: June 2021

Cross‐country migration in Europe can have multiple advantages. Among others, it can function as a buffer against economic downturns that come along with inferior employment and education opportunities, especially for young adults. However, cross‐country mobility of young adults in Europe remains low, as language barriers, the loss of social ties or cultural differences create obstacles for migration. Against this background, Germany has launched a mobility assistance programme that supports young adults from EU member states who wish to enter the dual education system in Germany. To assess the causal impact of this programme, we compare migration flows to Germany from participating and non‐participating countries in a difference‐in‐differences framework. Our results reveal a substantial programme effect that is larger for countries with above‐average youth unemployment rates. These results add to previous migration research and reveal that migration flows are indeed sensitive to policy initiatives aimed at increasing migration.
SARS‐CoV‐2 re‐infection versus prolonged shedding: A case series
Authors: Nicholson Erin G. , Avadhanula Vasanthi , Fragoso Sonia , Stroh Rachel , Ye Xunyan , Bond Nanette , Santarcangelo Patricia , Stroh John , Piedra Pedro A
Published: June 2021

Since the start of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, it has been difficult to differentiate between SARS‐CoV‐2 re‐infection and prolonged RNA shedding. In this report, we identified patients with positive RT‐PCR results for SARS‐CoV‐2 ≥70 days apart. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and criteria were applied to discern whether the presentation was consistent with SARS‐CoV‐2 re‐infection or prolonged viral RNA shedding. Eleven individuals met the initial testing criteria, of which, seven met at least one criteria for re‐infection and four were consistent with prolonged RNA shedding. These data demonstrate the need for criteria to differentiate SARS‐CoV‐2 re‐infection from prolonged RNA shedding.
Segmental branches emanating from saphenous nerve morphing into sympathetic trunks for innervation of saphenous artery and its clinical implication for arterial sympathectomy
Authors: Xie Yun , Fang Fang , Lin Peisen , Zhang Zhiming , Zhuang Yuehong
Published: June 2021

Sympathectomy of arteries has been adopted for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease and Raynaud's disease. However, the exact route for sympathetic axons to reach peripheral arteries awaits further investigation that could pave the way for development of new surgical strategies. In this study, saphenous neurovascular bundles from 10 neonatal Sprague‐Dawley rats first were harvested for whole‐mount immunostaining to show sympathetic innervation pattern of the artery. Secondly, 40 Sprague‐Dawley male rats weighing 350 to 400 g were assigned to five groups, receiving either sham, perivascular sympathectomy, nerve‐artery separation, nerve transection in the saphenous neurovascular bundle, or lumbar sympathectomy surgery that removes the lumbar sympathetic trunks. Immediately after surgery, the arterial perfusion and diameter were measured using laser speckling contrast imaging, and 1 week later the saphenous neurovascular bundles were harvested for immunostaining using antibodies against TH, neuron‐specific β‐tubulin (Tuj 1), and α‐SMA to show the presence or absence of the TH‐immuopositive staining in the adventitia. The differences among the five groups were determined using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). We found that an average of 2.8 ± 0.8 branches with a diameter of 4.8 ± 1.2 μm derived from the saphenous nerve that morphed into a primary and a secondary sympathetic trunk for innervation of the saphenous artery. Nerve‐artery separation, nerve transection, and lumbar sympathectomy could eradicate TH‐immunopositive staining of the artery, resulting, respectively, in a 12%, 36%, and 59% increase in diameter (P < .05), and a 52%, 63%, and 201% increase in perfusion compared with sham surgery (P < .01). In contrast, perivascular sympathectomy did not have a significant impact on the TH‐immunopositive staining, the diameter, and perfusion of the distal part of the artery (P > .05). We conclude that the sympathetic innervation of an artery derives from segmental branches given off from its accompanying nerve. Nerve‐artery disconnection is a theoretic option in sympathectomy of an artery.
Structural and magnetic behavior of zirconia‐magnetic particles and zirconia‐graphene composite ceramics
Authors: Alves Hugo P. A. , Alves Junior Rubens , Carvalho Bruno R. , Correa Marcio A. , Acchar Wilson
Published: June 2021

Incorporating magnetic materials in ceramic matrices becomes an attractive topic due to its versatility and wide range of applications. Therefore, this work aims to produce zirconia‐magnetic particles and zirconia‐graphene composites, investigating their structural and magnetic properties. The ceramic composites were produced by the tape casting technique and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and magnetic measurements. The microstructural characterization showed monoclinic and tetragonal zirconia phases from the zirconia powder and the magnetite and hematite phases from the magnetic particles. Three peaks of characteristics known as band D, G, and 2D evidenced the presence of graphene. The morphology of the zirconia‐magnetic particles and zirconia‐graphene composites showed grains with irregular shapes and varying sizes; however, the zirconia‐graphene composite showed the presence of pores and agglomerates due to the plasma heat‐treatment process. The uniform dispersion of the elements in both ceramic composites confirmed the efficiency of the applied method. The magnetic characterizations of the green and sintered zirconia‐magnetic particles and zirconia‐graphene composites were studied in a wide range of magnetic fields and temperatures (5 to 300 K). Before sintering, the magnetite phase commanded the magnetic response of the zirconia‐magnetic particles composite, showing a ferrimagnetic behavior, after sintering, the hematite phase content increased by approximately 27%, causing a change in the ferrimagnetic order to antiferromagnetic. It was found that the 1% graphene insertion in the zirconia ceramic composite was responsible for the ferromagnetic behavior of the sintered composite. Ceramic composites become future candidates for technological applications in spintronic devices and magnetic storage.
Polygenic scores differentially predict developmental trajectories of subtypes of social withdrawal in childhood
Authors: Morneau‐Vaillancourt Geneviève , Andlauer Till F. M. , Ouellet‐Morin Isabelle , Paquin Stéphane , Brendgen Mara R. , Vitaro Frank , Gouin Jean‐Philippe , Séguin Jean R. , Gagnon Éloi , Cheesman Rosa , Forget‐Dubois Nadine , Rouleau Guy A. , Turecki Gustavo , Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M. , Dionne Ginette , Boivin Michel
Published: June 2021

Background

Children who consistently withdraw from social situations face increased risk for later socioemotional difficulties. Twin studies indicate that genetic factors substantially account for the persistence of social withdrawal over time. However, the molecular genetic etiology of chronic courses of social wariness and preference for solitude, two dimensions of social withdrawal, remains undocumented. The objectives of the present study were (a) to identify high‐risk trajectories for social wariness and preference for solitude in childhood and (b) to examine whether falling on these high‐risk trajectories can be predicted by specific polygenic scores for mental health traits and disorders and by a general polygenic predisposition to these traits.

Methods

Teachers evaluated 971 genotyped children at five occasions (age 6 to 12 years) from two prospective longitudinal studies, the Quebec Newborn Twin Study and the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Developmental trajectories for social wariness and preference for solitude were identified. We tested whether polygenic scores for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, depression, loneliness, and subjective well‐being, as well as a general mental health genetic risk score derived across these traits, were associated with the developmental trajectories.

Results

Polygenic scores differentially predicted social wariness and preference for solitude. Only the loneliness polygenic score significantly predicted the high trajectory for social wariness. By contrast, the general mental health genetic risk score factor was associated with the trajectory depicting high‐chronic preference for solitude.

Conclusions

Distinct associations were uncovered between the polygenic scores, social wariness, and preference for solitude.