bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining cohort models in the education doctorate
Authors: Leland Andrew S. , Firestone William A. , Perry Jill A. , McKeon Robin T.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This study aims to present a thematic analysis on cohort-based teaching and learning from four education doctorate degree programs. Recommendations are then presented to other scholars engaging in research on cohort-based, graduate degree programs.

Design/methodology/approach

Yin’s (2018) embedded, multiple case study approach guided the design of this study. Data collection consisted of three- to four-day site visits to each program and included the following data sources: program documents (e.g. handbooks, syllabi and third-party evaluations), class observations and semi-structured interviews with students, faculty and program directors.

Findings

This study describes how collaboration and collective learning were key components in each program’s coursework and milestone expectations, arguing that such an emphasis contributed to opportunities for collaboration and collective learning experiences.

Originality/value

Research has documented a number of outcomes associated with cohort-based programs in terms of group dynamics. The authors examine this quality further by showing how specific structures and practices within each program’s cohort model supported not only peer collaboration but also overall student learning.
Responses of carnivore assemblages to decentralized conservation approaches in a South African landscape
Authors: Curveira‐Santos Gonçalo , Sutherland Chris , Santos‐Reis Margarida , Swanepoel Lourens H.
Published: August 2020

Conservation efforts in South Africa play out across multi‐use landscapes where formal protected areas coexist with private wildlife business (ecotourism and/or hunting) in a human‐dominated matrix. Despite the persistence of highly diverse carnivore guilds, management idiosyncrasies are often orientated towards charismatic large predators and assemblage‐level patterns remain largely unexplored.

We conducted an extensive camera‐trap survey in a natural quasi‐experimental setting in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. We sampled across a protection gradient characterized by a provincial protected area (highest and formal protection status), a private ecotourism reserve, game ranches and traditional communal areas (lowest protected status). We evaluated assemblage‐level and species‐specific responses of free‐ranging carnivores to the varying management contexts and associated environmental gradients.

Despite similar assemblage composition between management contexts, site‐scale carnivore richness and occupancy rates were greater in the formal protected area than adjacent private reserve and game ranches. Carnivore occupancy was more similar between these private wildlife areas, although putative problem species were more common in the private reserve, and contrasted with depauperate assemblages in least protected communal lands. Variation in carnivore occupancy probabilities was largely driven by land use contexts, that is, the level and nature of protection, relative to underlying fine‐scale landscape attributes (e.g. distance to conservation fences) or apex predator populations.

Synthesis and applications. Our findings provide convincing empirical support for the added value of multi‐tenure conservation estates augmenting and connecting South Africa's protected areas. However, our emphasis on free‐ranging carnivores exemplifies the importance of maintaining areas under long‐term formal protection and the risks with viewing lucrative wildlife business as a conservation panacea. We suggest that unmanaged carnivore species be the formal components of carnivore reintroduction and recovery programmes to better gauge the complementary conservation role of South Africa's private land.
The perceived meaning of occupations among children: correlations with children's socio‐emotional characteristics and executive functions
Authors: Rosenberg Limor , Avrech Bar Michal
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Participation in meaningful occupations within our everyday environments contributes to health and wellbeing. Therefore, it is important to study perceived meaning and its inter‐related factors. The perceived meaning of occupations is the emotional and cognitive qualities people attach to their occupations. However, research on the perceived meaning of occupations among children is limited. The meaning of occupations may be related to personal factors concerning the child. Hence, this study aimed to assess the correlations between socio‐emotional characteristics and executive functions of typically developing children and their perceived meaning of occupations—value, challenge, and sense of time and autonomy.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study comprising 80 children (6–13 years old) and their parents was conducted. The parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function. The children completed the Perceived Meaning of Occupation Questionnaire and the Verbal Working Memory test.

Results

Children with higher scores on the SDQ—internalised behaviours and lower working memory—perceived their everyday activities as more challenging (r = .300, r = −.244, p < .05, respectively). Children with higher scores on the SDQ—prosocial behaviours—attached higher value to their everyday activities (r = .23, p < .05). However, increases in executive function difficulties were found to decrease the perceived value (r = .24, p < .05) and to alter the perceived sense of time (r = . 27, p < .05).

Conclusions

The meaning children attach to their everyday activities changes when they experience socio‐emotional and executive difficulties. Therefore, to inspire positive meaning of occupations among children, practitioners should consider the child's socio‐emotional and cognitive strengths and difficulties.
Between Virgins and Priests: The Feminisation of Catholicism and Priestly Masculinity in Nineteenth‐Century Spain
Authors: Mínguez‐Blasco Raúl
Published: August 2020

The feminisation of religion in the nineteenth‐century has been broadly discussed by historians and sociologists. Considering the main contributions of that debate from a critical perspective, this article defends the hypothesis that the Catholic Church identified itself with the same characteristics with which it defined femininity in the nineteenth‐century through the symbolic link with the Virgin Mary. Although this discursive feminisation of Catholicism left laymen in a difficult situation, it did contribute to reinforcing the patriarchal and hierarchical structure of the Church. The great challenge to bishops and priests, the leading subjects in the project of re‐Christianising society, was to demonstrate their condition as men within a feminised organisation. This article will mainly focus on Spain, although with the international perspective that any study about Catholicism requires.
Outcomes of laceration suture repair in the emergency department
Authors: Majer James , Valentine Safire , Warren Jaimee , Grant Nicole , Sri‐Ganeshan Muhuntha , Jermakoff Anton , Cooper Blake , Knott Jonathan C , Taylor David McD
Published: August 2020

Objective

To assess patient satisfaction with laceration management, post‐ED care, cosmesis and complication rates.

Methods

We undertook a prospective observational study of adult patients with lacerations sutured in two EDs over a 4‐month period. ED data included participant demographics, laceration characteristics and management. A telephone survey was undertaken approximately 14 days post‐ED discharge. Patient satisfaction with post‐ED pain management, advice on wound care and follow up, overall management and wound cosmesis were evaluated using a six‐item satisfaction scale (very dissatisfied to very satisfied). Details of wound infection, dehiscence and suture failure were recorded.

Results

Eighty‐nine patients participated. The number (% [95% confidence interval]) of patients very satisfied with their laceration management were: post‐ED pain management 55 (62.5% [51.5–72.4]), wound care advice 51 (57.3% [46.4–67.6]), follow‐up advice 39 (43.8% [33.5–54.7]), overall management 61 (68.5% [57.7–77.7]) and cosmetic appearance 46 (51.7% [40.9–62.3]). Infection, dehiscence and suture failure occurred in 5 (5.6%), 8 (9.0%) and 8 (9.0%) cases, respectively. These complications were not associated with being very satisfied overall (P = 0.96). Patients very satisfied with post‐ED pain management, wound care advice, follow‐up advice or wound cosmesis were much more likely to be very satisfied overall (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Most patients are very satisfied with their laceration management. However, there is scope for improvement, especially for follow‐up and wound care advice. Complications are infrequent and not associated with overall satisfaction.
Isolation and characterization of secondary metabolites from Gaultheria tenuifolia berries
Authors: Mieres‐Castro Daniel , Schmeda‐Hirschmann Guillermo , Theoduloz Cristina , Rojas Ana , Piderit Daniela , Jiménez‐Aspee Felipe
Published: August 2020

Gaultheria berries (Ericaceae) are consumed as food or used in folk medicine throughout the world. In the present study, Gaultheria tenuifolia berries were studied to describe their polyphenol and iridoid composition, aroma volatiles, and cytoprotective effects. In total, 14 metabolites were isolated using a combination of countercurrent chromatography and Sephadex LH‐20, namely, cyanidin‐3‐O‐β‐galactoside, cyanidin‐3‐O‐β‐arabinoside, 3‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid, 5‐O‐caffeoylshikimic acid, quercetin, quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐glucuronide, quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐rutinoside, quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐glucoside, quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐arabinoside, quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐rhamnoside, 6α‐hydroxydihydromonotropein‐10‐trans‐cinnamate, monotropein‐10‐trans‐cinnamate, and an (epi)‐catechin dimer and trimer. Other flavan‐3‐ols, proanthocyanidins, and iridoids were tentatively identified by spectroscopic and spectrometric means in the fruit extracts. The tentative volatile organic compound characterization pointed to methyl salicylate as responsible for the aroma of this species. The extracts showed significant cytoprotective effects in an oxidative stress model in human gastric epithelial cells. This is the first report on the isolation, characterization, and potential biological activity of secondary metabolites from G. tenuifolia berries and insights on its possible application as a functional food.

Practical Application

Berries are desirable fruit species because of their phytochemical composition and pleasant taste. Gaultheria berries are special due to their high content of iridoids and the presence of salicylic acid derivatives. Aroma of native berries is relevant for the development of new products reflecting the local identity and use of fruits. The present work involves cooperation of academia and industry on the constituents of the native products. The results provided in this article could be useful for the introduction of this species in the food and nutraceutical industries.
Clinical characteristics of resected solitary ground‐glass opacities: Comparison between benign and malignant nodules
Authors: Qin Yingzhi , Xu Yuan , Ma Dongjie , Tian Zhenhuan , Huang Cheng , Zhou Xiaoyun , He Jia , Liu Lei , Guo Chao , Wang Guige , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Yanqing , Liu Hongsheng
Published: August 2020

Background

The management of ground‐glass opacities (GGOs) depends mainly on personal experience. In clinical practice, benign GGOs are not rare in resected specimens, for which operations may be avoided. We retrospectively compared the clinical features of resected GGOs to identify differential diagnostic characteristics.

Methods

Among 1456 patients with suspected malignant GGOs who underwent surgical resection, 105 patients (35 with benign GGOs and 70 matched controls with malignant GGOs) were included. Clinical characteristics, including demographics and radiologic, surgical and pathologic characteristics, were collected.

Results

The smoking index (P = 0.044), frequency of coughing (P = 0.026), GGO size (P = 0.003), size change during follow‐up (P = 0.011), location (P = 0.022), presence of air bronchogram sign (P = 0.004), distance to the pleura (P = 0.021) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) appearance (P = 0.003) showed significant differences between the benign and malignant groups. Pathologically, the resected benign GGOs included focal fibrosis (17), inflammation or infection (seven), lymphoproliferative disorder (one), hamartoma (three), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (two), hemangioma or vascular malformation (two), endometriosis (two) and pulmonary cyst (one).

Conclusions

A higher smoking index, coughing, larger size, similar or increased size during follow‐up, location in the upper and middle lobes, air bronchogram sign on CT, lesion margin to pleura distance over 1 cm, and malignant tendency on PET/CT reports were associated with malignant GGOs. Relatively active surgical interventions could be considered for GGOs highly suspected of malignancy.
Psychological capital drives optimal engagement via positive emotions in work and school contexts
Authors: King Ronnel B. , Pitliya Riddhi J. , Datu Jesus A.
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to examine whether the association between psychological capital (PsyCap; which is comprised of hope, self‐efficacy, resilience, and optimism) and optimal engagement is mediated by positive emotions. Three studies were conducted across different cultural contexts (Hong Kong SAR, Mainland China, and the Philippines), domains (academic and work), and age groups (adult employees and school‐aged adolescents). Study 1 was a cross‐sectional study conducted among 162 employees in Mainland China. Study 2 was a cross‐sectional study conducted among 71 secondary school students in Hong Kong SAR. Study 3 was a prospective study conducted among 404 secondary school students in the Philippines. Across the three studies, the positive effect of PsyCap on engagement (academic and work) was partially mediated by positive emotions. This study enriches the understanding of the processes through which PsyCap is associated with optimal outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Posterior‐chamber phakic implantable collamer lenses with a central port: a review
Authors: Montés‐Micó Robert , Ruiz‐Mesa Ramón , Rodríguez‐Prats José Luís , Tañá‐Rivero Pedro
Published: August 2020

We aimed to summarize the outcomes reported following the implantation of the V4c implantable collamer lens with a central port (ICL, STAAR Surgical Inc) for myopia correction. A literature search in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus was carried out to identify publications reporting clinical outcomes of patients who were implanted with the V4c ICL model and had a follow‐up period of at least 6 months. A total of 35 clinical studies published between 2012 and 2020 were included in the present review. A comprehensive analysis of the available data was performed, focusing on visual and refractive outcomes at different time‐points post‐surgery. In addition, adverse events and other parameters such as endothelial cell density, intraocular pressure and vault measurements—which were evaluated in some of the studies—were also compared. This review encompassed a total of 2904 eyes. The outcomes reported in this review lead us to conclude that ICL V4c implantation for myopia correction is a safe and efficient procedure, with stable visual and refractive outcomes and low adverse event rates. The patient’s anterior segment should be thoroughly characterized, and the ICL parameters should be carefully selected so as to achieve good outcomes and avoid complications.
The Middle Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous in the SW Barents Sea: Interplay between tectonics, coarse‐grained sediment supply and organic matter preservation
Authors: Marín Dora , Helleren Solveig , Escalona Alejandro , Olaussen Snorre , Cedeño Andrés , Nøhr‐Hansen Henrik , Ohm Sverre
Published: August 2020

Syn‐rift successions contain both prolific organic‐rich and coarse‐grained rocks, but these rocks are usually studied independently. Thus, the interplay among organic matter deposition, tectonics and sediment supply is not commonly assessed. In this study, we use well logs, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content, biostratigraphy and seismic data from the SW Barents Sea to unravel the variability of organic‐rich successions and its interaction with potential reservoir rocks in areas affected by active normal faulting versus tectonically stable areas. Four Transgressive‐Regressive (T‐R) sequences were defined for the Middle to Upper Jurassic Fuglen Formation and for the organic‐rich Upper Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous Hekkingen Formation. Three TOC trends, controlled by palaeobathymetric variations, and organic matter dilution, were identified within the two main organic‐rich sequences (sequences 2 and 3): (a) wells with the highest TOC values (>10 wt %) at the base of the succession; (b) wells with the highest TOC values at the top of the succession and (c) wells with high TOC values at the base and top of the succession. Our interpretation indicates that fault activity controlled the TOC trends in two different ways: Firstly, by creating a sharp topographic contrast‐triggering hyperpycnal flows, and shallowing the footwalls, where higher oxygen content and less developed stratified waters lowered organic matter preservation. Secondly, by significantly increasing the input of clastic material, which inherently led to dilution of organic matter and resulted in lower TOC values (<6 wt %). We interpret that sand deposition was controlled by the size and geomorphology of the sediment source areas. The western part of the study area (i.e. the Loppa High) was characterized by uplifted footwall islands and localized sands along their flanks, whereas the southern part (i.e. the Finnmark Platform) constituted a larger sediment source area for the Volgian age. This work has implications for a better understanding of the distribution of reservoir and source rocks in active rift basins.
A scoping review of celebrity endorsement in environmental campaigns and evidence for its effectiveness
Authors: Olmedo Alegría , Milner‐Gulland E. J. , Challender Daniel W. S. , Cugnière Laure , Dao Huong Thi Thu , Nguyen Linh Bao , Nuno Ana , Potier Emelyne , Ribadeneira Martin , Thomas‐Walters Laura , Wan Anita Kar Yan , Wang Yifu , Veríssimo Diogo
Published: August 2020

The use of celebrities in marketing campaigns is widespread globally, including in environmental conservation. Celebrity endorsements are pervasive, but there is limited evidence of their effectiveness. We conducted a review of celebrity‐endorsed environmental campaigns. We report on the extent to which celebrities have been used in these campaigns, whether evaluation of the endorsement has been conducted, and assess whether there is evidence that the celebrities achieved the objectives they set out to accomplish through their engagement. We searched the peer‐reviewed and grey literature in six languages from July 2018 to January 2019 and found 79 campaigns implemented in nine countries from 1976 to 2018. Two thirds of campaigns were implemented in China and reported in Chinese. Only four campaigns were evaluated, but none of the evaluations provided evidence of the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement. Evaluation focused instead on overall campaign outputs and outcomes. Claims of effectiveness were made, but the lack of measurable objectives, theory of change, outcome indicators, and critical evaluation renders it impossible to determine whether the outcomes achieved by the campaigns can be attributed to celebrity endorsement. It thus remains unclear whether celebrity endorsement can contribute to conservation efforts. It is essential for environmental practitioners and researchers to report the outcomes and lessons learned from celebrity endorsements to ensure that their future use in conservation marketing campaigns is evidence‐based, thereby improving conservation practice.
Impacts of confounding roadway characteristics on estimates of associations between alcohol outlet densities and alcohol‐related motor vehicle crashes
Authors: Lipton Robert , Banerjee Aniruddha , Ponicki William R. , Gruenewald Paul J. , Morrison Christopher
Published: August 2020

Introduction and Aims

Previous research on alcohol‐related motor vehicle crashes (AMVC) share a substantial limitation: sources of geographic variations in background crash risks may confound estimated spatial relationships between alcohol outlets and AMVCs. The aim of this study was to address this concern by examining, spatial–temporally, relationships between alcohol outlets and AMVCs adjusting for a set of six roadway characteristics that may be, independently, related to crash risks. While most similar studies focus on one metropolitan area, we use a unique sample of 50 cities.

Design and Methods

The spatial sample for this study consisted of 8726 Census 2000 block groups representing 50 mid‐sized California cities. Dependent measures were counts of crashes located within Census block groups. Independent measures included socio‐demographics, social disadvantage, alcohol outlets and roadway characteristics. We assessed relationships of crashes to independent measures using hierarchical generalised linear models.

Results

Greater roadway length, greater percentage of highways, greater average speeds, fewer T‐intersections, greater curviness and less fragmentation were related to greater numbers of crashes as was alcohol outlet density.

Discussion

Above and beyond alcohol outlet type and density, we found that roadway characteristics were related to AMVC risks across a sample of 50 mid‐sized cities. Measures of roadway characteristics are an essential component of any model of motor vehicle crashes that attempts to assess impacts of alcohol outlets on motor vehicle crashes risks.
Device‐measured physical activity and its association with physical function in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mickute M. , Henson J. , Rowlands A. V. , Sargeant J. A. , Webb D. , Hall A. P. , Edwardson C. L. , Baldry E. L. , Brady E. M. , Khunti K. , Davies M. J. , Yates T.
Published: August 2020

Aim

To quantify how differences in metrics characterizing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in type 2 diabetes are associated with physical function.

Methods

This analysis included participants’ data from the Chronotype of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Effect on Glycaemic Control (CODEC) cross‐sectional study. Data were stratified into two groups according to their short physical performance battery (SPPB) score (impaired physical function = SPPB < 10 and normal physical function = SPPB ≥ 10). Hand‐grip strength, sit‐to‐stand 60 (STS‐60) and the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) score were used to assess functional capacity, while physical activity metrics were measured with a wrist‐worn accelerometer. The associations between physical activity metrics and measures of functional capacity were analysed using generalized linear modelling.

Results

Some 635 adults (median age 66 years, 34% female) were included in this analysis. Overall, 29% of the cohort scored < 10 in the SPPB test indicating impaired physical function. This group spent more time in prolonged sedentary behaviour (600.7 vs. 572.5 min) and undertook less‐intense physical activity. Each sd increase in physical activity volume and intensity gradients for those with impaired physical function was associated with 17% more repetitions for STS‐60 with similar associations seen for DASI score. Each sd in sedentary time was associated with 15% fewer repetitions in STS‐60 and 16% lower DASI score in those with impaired physical function, whereas in normal physical function group it was 2% and 1%, respectively.

Conclusions

The strength of the associations for physical activity measures and functional capacity were modified by physical function status, with the strongest association seen in those with impaired physical function.
Cardiorenal outcomes with dapagliflozin by baseline glucose‐lowering agents: Post hoc analyses from DECLARE‐TIMI 58
Authors: Cahn Avivit , Wiviott Stephen D. , Mosenzon Ofri , Murphy Sabina A. , Goodrich Erica L. , Yanuv Ilan , Rozenberg Aliza , Wilding John P. H. , Leiter Lawrence A. , Bhatt Deepak L. , McGuire Darren K. , Litwak Leon , Kooy Adriaan , Gause‐Nilsson Ingrid A. M. , Fredriksson Martin , Langkilde Anna Maria , Sabatine Marc S. , Raz Itamar
Published: August 2020

Aim

To assess the associations between baseline glucose‐lowering agents (GLAs) and cardiorenal outcomes with dapagliflozin versus placebo in the DECLARE‐TIMI 58 study.

Materials and methods

DECLARE‐TIMI 58 assessed the cardiorenal outcomes of dapagliflozin versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes. This post hoc analysis elaborates the efficacy and safety outcomes by baseline GLA for treatment effect and GLA‐based treatment interaction.

Results

At baseline, 14 068 patients (82.0%) used metformin, 7322 (42.7%) sulphonylureas, 2888 (16.8%) dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, 750 (4.4%) glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) and 7013 (40.9%) insulin. Dapagliflozin reduced the composite of cardiovascular death (CVD) and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) versus placebo regardless of baseline GLA, with greater benefit in the small group of patients with baseline use of GLP‐1 RAs (HR [95% CI] 0.37 [0.18, 0.78] vs. 0.86 [0.75, 0.98] in GLP‐1 RA users vs. non‐users, Pinteraction = .03). The overall HR for major adverse cardiovascular events (CVD, myocardial infarction or ischaemic stroke) was 0.93 (95% CI 0.84, 1.03) with dapagliflozin versus placebo, with no interaction by baseline GLA (Pinteraction > .05). The renal‐specific outcome was reduced with dapagliflozin versus placebo in the overall cohort (HR [95%CI] 0.53[0.43‐0.66]), with no interaction by baseline GLA (Pinteraction > .05). All of these outcomes were similar in those with versus those without baseline metformin use.

Conclusions

The effects of dapagliflozin on cardiorenal outcomes were generally consistent regardless of baseline GLA, with consistent benefits regardless of baseline metformin use. The potential clinical benefit of combining sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors with GLP‐1 RAs, given some evidence of cardiovascular risk reduction with both classes, should be explored further.
Habitat loss and degradation due to farming intensification modify the floral visitor assemblages of a semiarid keystone shrub
Authors: González‐Robles Ana , Salido Teresa , Manzaneda Antonio J. , Valera Francisco , Rey Pedro J.
Published: August 2020

The expansion of intensive agriculture has severely altered landscapes, a process that has been aggravated by the increase of greenhouse agriculture. However, few studies have considered the combined effects of habitat loss/degradation and greenhouse farming on insect visitors to native plants.

We analysed how habitat loss/degradation and greenhouse farming are related to the composition, abundance, and richness of the insect assemblages visiting flowers in a semiarid keystone shrub (Ziziphus lotus) in southeast Spain, home to Europe's largest area of greenhouses. We studied 21 populations distributed across a gradient of greenhouse intensification and habitat loss.

The composition, abundance, and richness of the Ziziphus insect assemblage substantially varied between populations and were differently affected by natural habitat‐remnant and landscape degradation and population isolation.

Insect abundance was negatively affected by habitat loss at population level but positively affected at individual Ziziphus scale. Honey‐bee relative abundance increased in highly degraded landscapes and isolated populations, being positively associated with hoverflies and negatively with ants and bee‐flies. Wild bees, carrion flies, and wasps remain neutral along the degradation axes. Insect visitor abundance per plant affected positively the flower visitation rate, which was also favoured by the relative abundance of honey bees, wild bees, and hoverflies. Species richness was not influenced by anthropogenic degradation, and did not affect flower visitation rate.

Our results highlight the fragility of wild pollinator communities to landscape and habitat degradation, and the need to regulate intensive farming practices to preserve wild insect pollinator assemblages in semiarid habitats.
Low‐temperature physiology of climatically distinct south African populations of the biological control agent Neochetina eichhorniae
Authors: Rogers Daniel J. , Terblanche John S. , Owen Candice A.
Published: August 2020

Neochetina eichhorniae is the most widely established biocontrol agent on water hyacinth populations around South Africa. However, some N. eichhorniae populations have failed to adequately control their host population, specifically those exposed to cold conditions.

The aim of this study was to determine whether two climatically distinct populations of N. eichhorniae in South Africa differ in their low‐temperature physiology, which tests whether local‐climate adaptation has occurred.

We estimated weevil CTmin, LLT50, SCP, and SCP mortality using standard approaches. Contrary to expectation based on climatic thermal profiles at the two sites, weevils from the warm locality ((mean ± SE) CTmin = 5.0 °C ± 0.2, LLT50 = −11.3 °C ± 0.03, SCP = −15.8 °C ± 0.6) were able to maintain activity and tolerate colder temperatures than the weevils from the colder site (CTmin = 6.0 °C ± 0.5, LLT50 = −10.1 °C ± 0.1, SCP = −12.9 °C ± 0.8).

These contradictory outcomes are likely explained by the poor nutrient quality of the plants at the cold site, driving low‐temperature performance variation that overrode any macroclimate variation among sites. The cold site weevils may also have adapted to survive wide‐temperature variability, rather than perform well under very cold conditions. In contrast, the mass‐reared population of insects from the warm site has likely adapted to the consistent conditions that they experience over many years in confinement.
The jury is still out regarding the generality of adaptive ‘transgenerational’ effects
Authors: Sánchez‐Tójar Alfredo , Lagisz Malgorzata , Moran Nicholas P. , Nakagawa Shinichi , Noble Daniel W. A. , Reinhold Klaus
Published: August 2020

A recent meta‐analysis concluded, ‘transgenerational effects are widespread, strong and persistent’. We identify biases in the literature search, data and analyses, questioning that conclusion. Re‐analyses indicate few studies actually tested transgenerational effects – making it challenging to disentangle condition‐transfer from anticipatory parental effects, and providing little insight into the underlying mechanisms.
The Other Within Oneself: Understanding Care for a Family Member with Early‐Onset Dementia Through the Lens of Dividuality
Authors: Hoppe Silke
Published: August 2020

In this article, I use the concept of the dividual to analyze the dynamics at stake in a family caring for a member with early‐onset dementia. Drawing on anthropological fieldwork in the Netherlands, I argue that using a dividual framework reveals family dynamics that are overlooked when using an individual framework, and it allows one to better understand the emotional pain that family members experience during the care process. Approaching family members as fractal persons shows how their identity is composed of other family members and how this can lead to dilemmas and conflicts in the care situation. The majority of articles on dementia focus on dyadic relationships. This article advocates a systemic approach encompassing the whole family. Moreover, it underlines the importance of taking the historicity of family relations into account and not limiting the analysis to situational dynamics.
Coping in the Aftermath of Youth's Suicidal Behaviors: A Comparison of Black Mothers and White Mothers
Authors: Doyle Otima , Weller Bridget E. , Goldston David B. , Breland‐Noble Alfiee M. , Estroff Sue E. , Daniel Stephanie S. , Curry John F. , Wells Karen C.
Published: August 2020

Objective

To better understand Black mothers' and White mothers' qualitative reactions to their adolescents' hospitalizations due to suicide attempts.

Background

Caregivers of youth with suicidal behaviors play a vital role in youth's subsequent treatment and recovery. Yet little attention has been paid to how they are affected by youth's psychiatric hospitalizations or how their reactions may be influenced by race.

Method

Twenty Black mothers (Mage = 42.50; SD = 8.48) and 20 White mothers (Mage = 44.85; SD = 6.86) were randomly selected from data originally collected for a larger longitudinal, mixed method, multisite study. Data analysis was informed by grounded theory methodology.

Results

Four themes emerged from the data: mothers' emotional distress; mothers' coping, needs, and supports; mothers' perceived need for increased monitoring; and improved mother–child relationships.

Conclusions

Black mothers and White mothers largely had similar reactions to youth's hospitalizations; however, nuanced differences also were noted regarding how they described their experiences and what they emphasized.

Implications

During discharge planning, mothers need additional support (beyond referrals) in their roles as caregivers and for their own coping. Additional clinical and research implications are discussed.
The soil microbial carbon pump: From conceptual insights to empirical assessments
Authors: Zhu Xuefeng , Jackson Randall D. , DeLucia Evan H. , Tiedje James M. , Liang Chao
Published: August 2020

The global soil carbon (C) pool is massive, so relatively small changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks can significantly alter atmospheric C and global climate. The recently proposed concept of the soil microbial carbon pump (MCP) emphasizes the active role of soil microbes in SOC storage by integrating the continual microbial transformation of organic C from labile to persistent anabolic forms. However, the concept has not been evaluated with data. Here, we combine datasets, including microbial necromass biomarker amino sugars and SOC, from two long‐term agricultural field studies conducted by large United States bioenergy research programs. We interrogate the soil MCP concept by investigating the asynchronous responses of microbial necromass and SOC to land‐use change. Microbial necromass appeared to preferentially accumulate in soil and be the dominant contributor to SOC accrual in diversified perennial bioenergy crops. Specifically, ~92% of the additional SOC enhanced by plant diversity was estimated to be microbial necromass C, and >76% of the additional SOC enhanced by land‐use transition from annual to perennial crops was estimated to be microbial necromass. This suggests that the soil MCP was stimulated in diversified perennial agroecosystems. We further delineate and suggest two parameters—soil MCP capacity and efficacy—reflecting the conversion of plant C into microbial necromass and the contribution of microbial necromass to SOC, respectively, that should serve as valuable metrics for future studies evaluating SOC storage under alternative management in changing climates.
Bleeding complications during pregnancy and delivery in haemophilia carriers and their neonates in Western France: An observational study
Authors: Nau Alice , Gillet Benjamin , Guillet Benoît , Beurrier Philippe , Ardillon Laurent , Cussac Vincent , Guillou Sophie , Raj Leela , Trossaërt Marc , Horvais Valérie , Bayart Sophie , Potin Jérôme , Rose Johan , Macchi Laurent , Couturaud Francis , Lacut Karine , Pan‐Petesch Brigitte
Published: August 2020

Background

Pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period expose haemophilia carriers, as well as their potentially affected neonates to a high risk of haemorrhagic complications.

Objectives

To describe bleeding complications in haemophilia carriers and their newborns throughout pregnancy and postpartum and to identify potential factors increasing the risk of bleeding in this population.

Patients/Methods

The ECHANGE multicentre observational cohort study was conducted between January 2014 and February 2019 using the BERHLINGO database comprised of patients from seven French haemophilia centres.

Results

During the 5 years study period, a total of 104 haemophilia carriers and 119 neonates were included, representing 124 pregnancies and 117 deliveries. Thirty‐five (30%) bleeding events were observed, most of them (83%) occurred during the postpartum period, and 37% were reported during the secondary postpartum. Neuraxial anaesthesia was not complicated by spinal haematoma. Three (2.5%) neonates experienced cerebral bleeding. Caesarean section was associated with an increased risk of maternal bleeding in primary and secondary postpartum periods. Basal factor level <0.4 IU/mL was also found to be associated with an increased risk of bleeding during secondary postpartum.

Conclusion

In our cohort, bleeding events occurred in more than a third of haemophilia carriers mainly in the postpartum period, and a significant portion of this bleeding occurred during the secondary postpartum. Haemophilia carriers warrant specific attention during primary and secondary postpartum, in particular in case of caesarean section and low basal factor level. The ECHANGE study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03360149.
The effects of laughter therapy on depression symptoms in patients undergoing center hemodialysis: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bennett Paul N. , Hussein Wael F. , Reiterman Marc , Yu Junhua , Schiller Brigitte
Published: August 2020

Introduction

People with end‐stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis are at increased risk for stress, anxiety, and depression. The study objective was to measure the effect of intradialytic group laughter therapy on depressive symptoms in people on hemodialysis (HD).

Methods

Pragmatic randomized controlled trial conducted with prevalent HD patients in 10 centers in Northern California. The intervention group received a once weekly, 30‐minute group laughter therapy session for 8 weeks. Primary outcome was the number of people with depressive symptoms as measured using the four Item Patient Health Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were anxiety, subjective well‐being, and patient‐reported outcome measures.

Findings

In all, 151 participants completed both predepression and postdepression symptom measures (72 intervention and 79 control). The proportion of patients with self‐reported depressive symptoms changed from 17 (22%) to 16 (20%), in the control and from 11 (17%) to 5 (8%) in the intervention arms, respectively (P = 0.04). In the control arm, 7 out of the 17 patients with self‐reported depressive symptoms at baseline continued to report depressive symptoms at follow up compared to the intervention arm where only 1 of 12 patients continued to report depressive symptoms. No differences were noted between the groups for reported anxiety, patient‐reported dialysis symptoms, and subjective well‐being.

Discussion

This study found intradialytic group laughter can decrease the number of people with depressive symptoms receiving hemodialysis. Larger and long‐term studies are required to evaluate the effect of intradialytic laughter on patient related outcomes and quality of life.
Next‐generation assessment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 gene (ERBB2) amplification status in invasive breast carcinoma: a focus on Group 4 by use of the 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists HER2 testing guideline
Authors: Hoda Raza S , Bowman Anita S , Zehir Ahmet , Razavi Pedram , Brogi Edi , Ladanyi Marc , Arcila Maria E , Wen Hannah Y , Ross Dara S
Published: August 2020

Aims

The American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) updated the testing guideline in 2018 to address issues arising from uncommon human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) results according to the 2013 guideline. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) may be used to better classify patients. The aim of this study was to assess the ERBB2 amplification status of invasive breast carcinoma with equivocal HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) results by using NGS, focusing on Group 4 (HER2/CEP17 ratio of <2.0; average HER2 signals/cell of ≥4.0 and <6.0).

Methods and results

We retrospectively reviewed HER2 FISH and NGS data of HER2 IHC‐equivocal breast carcinomas at our centre between January 2009 and September 2019, wherein all three assays were performed on the same tissue block, and compared HER2 FISH results, according to the 2018 ASCO/CAP guideline, and the ERBB2 amplification status determined with NGS. A total of 52 HER2 FISH and NGS results from 51 patients with HER2 IHC‐equivocal breast carcinomas were reviewed. The cohort included eight cases classified as 2018 ASCO/CAP in‐situ hybridisation Group 1, three classified as Group 2, three classified as Group 3, 14 classified as Group 4, and 24 classified as Group 5. Thirteen of 14 (92.9%) Group 4 (HER2‐negative) cases were classified as ERBB2‐non‐amplified by the use of NGS; the discordant case was later classified as Group 1 with alternative sample FISH testing. NGS revealed no significant difference in somatic mutations or copy number alterations between Groups 4 and 5.

Conclusions

Our NGS findings support the reclassification of HER2 FISH‐equivocal cases as HER2‐negative under the 2018 ASCO/CAP guideline.
Osteopontin is highly secreted in the cerebrospinal fluid of patient with posterior pituitary involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Li Na , Cui Lei , Ma Honghao , Gong Zhihua , Lian Hongyun , Wang Chanjuan , Zhang Qing , Zhao Xiaoxi , Chen Xihua , Tian Yu , Yang Ying , Wei Ang , Zhang Rui , Li Zhigang , Wang Tianyou
Published: August 2020

Background

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease caused by clonal proliferation of CD1a+CD207+ cells. Distinguishing pituitary involvement was essential in stratification and treatment of patients with LCH. The diagnosis of pituitary involvement is mainly dependent on hormone abnormalities in the anterior pituitary and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning in posterior pituitary. Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a serious sequelae and often occurred with pituitary involvement. It is reported that osteopontin (OPN) is highly secreted in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with neurodegenerative diseases in LCH (LCH‐ND). However, patients with posterior pituitary involvement account for a larger portion in our hospital. Whether the OPN level could be an auxiliary diagnostic marker for the posterior pituitary involvement or not is still unknown.

Methods

In our study, we collected CSF samples of 57 children with LCH. The secreted OPN (sOPN) levels in CSF were measured through enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

After the retrospective analysis of 57 patients with LCH, we found that the sOPN levels in CSF of children with posterior pituitary involvement were significantly higher than that of other groups. After the Pearson Chi‐Square test, Fisher's exact test and ROC analysis, we found that the sOPN levels were significantly correlated with posterior pituitary involvement. The cut‐off value is 214.14 ng/mL.

Conclusion

The sOPN levels were elevated in CSF of LCH children with posterior pituitary involvement. Analysis of the sOPN level may provide more accurate auxiliary diagnostic techniques for the clinic.
A comparison of epidemiology and clinical outcomes between influenza A H1N1pdm09 and H3N2 based on multicenter surveillance from 2014 to 2018 in South Korea
Authors: Yoon Jin Gu , Noh Ji Yun , Choi Won Suk , Lee Jacob , Lee Jin Soo , Wie Seong‐Heon , Kim Young Keun , Jeong Hye Won , Kim Shin Woo , Park Kyung‐Hwa , Song Joon Young , Cheong Hee Jin , Kim Woo Joo
Published: August 2020

Background

After pandemic, A(H1N1)pdm09 is generally known to be associated with younger adults' infection and greater severity than seasonal A(H3N2) but some inconsistences between recent studies exist.

Objectives

We aimed to compare the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) to verify and consolidate about the knowledge of known differences of subtypes.

Methods

Data were retrospectively collected from the hospital‐based influenza morbidity and mortality surveillance in South Korea in nine tertiary care hospitals, from August 31, 2014, to August 25, 2018. Patients with H1N1pdm09 or H3N2 infection admitted in the emergency room or ward were recruited.

Results

A total of 1747 patients had influenza A and were divided into two groups those with A(H1N1)pdm09 (n = 240) and those with A(H3N2) (n = 1507). A(H1N1)pdm09 group had younger age (mean age ± standard deviation 50.0 ± 18.8 in H1N1 vs 53.4 ± 21.1 in H3N2, P = .030), lower influenza vaccination (27.9% vs 43.9%, P < .001) and pneumococcal vaccination rates (41.0% vs 51.9%, P < .001), and fewer underlying diseases (67.5% vs 74.0%, P = .035) than the A(H3N2) group. Influenza A subtypes were not associated with pneumonia risk (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] of A(H1N1)pdm09: 0.7 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4‐1.2, P = .172]) and in‐hospital mortality (hazard ratio (HR) of A(H1N1)pdm09: 1.0 (95% CI: 0.3‐3.1, P = .983)). Influenza vaccination reduced in‐hospital mortality in hospitalized patients (HR: 0.3 (95% CI: 0.1‐0.7), P = .005).

Conclusions

A(H1N1)pdm09 infection was more common in younger patients without significant difference in pneumonia risk and in‐hospital mortality between subtypes. Influenza vaccination was associated with reduced in‐hospital mortality.
Does reporting position affect the pricing of the volatility of comprehensive income?
Authors: Cao Yiting , Dong Qi (Flora)
Published: August 2020

The FASB changed the reporting policy for comprehensive income (CI) by issuing ASU No. 2011‐05, which requires CI be reported in performance statements (i.e., either a single income statement with net income or a separate statement of CI following the income statement) rather than the previously allowed equity statements. We examine whether the change in reporting position of CI led to higher market pricing of CI volatility incremental to NI volatility (“incremental CI volatility”), as measured by the price‐earnings relationship. We find that the market pricing of incremental CI volatility increased from the pre‐ to the post‐ASU period for non‐financial firms forced to change the reporting position of CI from equity to performance statements. The increase is more prominent for firms that switched to the income statement than for firms that switched to a separate statement of CI. Further, we find that the increased market pricing of incremental CI volatility translates into lower valuation weights on other comprehensive income.
LKB1‐MARK2 signalling mediates lipopolysaccharide‐induced production of cytokines in mouse macrophages
Authors: Deng Jie , Wen Chunmei , Ding Xiangyu , Zhang Xi , Hou Guoqing , Liu Andong , Xu Hui , Cao Xuan , Bai Yongheng
Published: August 2020

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin involved in a number of acute and chronic inflammatory syndromes. Although LPS‐induced signalling has been extensively studied, there are still mysteries remaining to be revealed. In the current study, we used high‐throughput phosphoproteomics to profile LPS‐initiated signalling and aimed to find novel mediators. A total of 448 phosphoproteins with 765 phosphorylation sites were identified, and we further validated that the phosphorylation of MARK2 on T208 was important for the regulation on LPS‐induced CXCL15 (human IL‐8 homolog), IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α release, in which LKB1 had a significant contribution. In summary, induction of cytokines by LPS in mouse macrophage is regulated by LKB1‐MARK2 signals. Our study provides new clues for further exploring the underlying mechanisms of LPS‐induced diseases, and new therapeutic approaches concerning bacterial infection may be derived from these findings.