bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Test-Retest Reliability of the Stanton Survey Honesty Test
Authors: Grimsley Douglas L.
Published: August 2011

The test-retest reliability of the Stanton Survey honesty test was examined. Data were collected in two rounds of testing of 51 and 35 college students with at least 6 mo. work experience. Each student took the Stanton Survey on 2 occasions separated by 6 wk. The over-all test-retest reliability of the combined groups was .90. This high reliability is also reflected in subscore correlations of .89 and .86, indicating that test takers respond very consistently in both their attitudes and admissions of past dishonesty and drug usage.
Parental Representations in Two Canadian Groups
Authors: Truant G. S. , Donaldson L. A. , Herscovitch J. , Lohrenz J. G.
Published: August 2011

Parental representations of 124 general practice patients and 439 psychiatric out-patients were examined and compared using Parker's Parental Bonding Instrument, which measures care versus indifference/rejection and protection versus encouragement of independence. The scores for the general practice population are comparable to those of Parker's nonpsychiatric subjects. The psychiatric outpatient population reported lower parental care and higher parental protection than did the nonclinical population. Several sex differences were found in the clinical sample, pointing to the need for separate analyses of scores for men and women.
Relation of Sex and Age of White Adolescents at the Time of Parental Divorce to the Youths' Perception of Family Climate and Psychological Adjustment
Authors: Enos Diane M. , Handal Paul J.
Published: August 2011

The relation of sex and age at the time of parental divorce to perception of family climate and psychological adjustment of 68 white adolescents from divorced, single-parent families was investigated. No significant interaction and no main effects for sex or age at the time of parental divorce were found.
Violent and Nonviolent Schizophrenic Patients: Clinical and Developmental Characteristics
Authors: Roy S. , Herrera J. , Parent M. , Costa J.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of the present study was to examine clinical and developmental indices of violent and nonviolent schizophrenic patients. Included in the study were 20 treatment-resistant male schizophrenic patients on fixed doses of neuroleptics; treatment-resistance was determined on the basis of documented failure to respond adequately to treatment with at least three drugs from two different neuroleptic classes. Comparisons of t tests yielded significant differences between the violent and nonviolent patients on the Lion's Violence subscales. Significant differences were also found on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Subscale: violent patients presented more pathologic clinical pictures, were rated higher on physical and motor manifestations of tension, reported more subjective stress, and appeared more hostile and belligerent. Analysis of the WAIS—R data showed that violent patients scored consistently higher on all performance subscales. Violent patients also had fewer prior hospitalizations and a more intact late adolescence. Research is needed to understand better the development and clinical course of violence in schizophrenic patients.
Self-Report Measures of Behavioral Attributions Related to Interpersonal Flirtation Situations
Authors: Downey Jerrold L. , Vitulli William F.
Published: August 2011

The objective of this exploratory research was to quantify the attributional responses of a number of demographic groups of college students with respect to their perception of diverse flirting situations. 93 undergraduates were classified along 7 demographic variables including marital status, sex, age, college class, grade-point average, ethnic origin, and religious affiliation. A 32-item questionnaire pertaining to interpersonal flirting was constructed to represent a wide range of situations. The questionnaire was administered to students in classroom situations. A Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks applied to individual items across different demographic groups offered support for certain widely held beliefs such as the findings that men show more interest in returning a flirtation, and married people are less likely to want to follow up a flirtation. Other results were quite unexpected, such as women and single people being less optimistic about the number of people they could “seduce” if they chose to try. Attributions are discussed in terms of intentions or behaviors.
Rural Children's Time in Household Activities
Authors: Lawrence Frances C. , Wozniak Patricia H.
Published: August 2011

Operating within the framework of Erikson's developmental theory, this research examined the amount of time rural children spent in household activities and several demographic factors related to that use of time. Data were obtained from a 1977–79 multistate survey of family use of time in which home interviews were conducted with 1,050 families from rural areas of 10 states. There were 1,045 children aged 6 through 17 yr. Findings indicated that children averaged 65 min. per day in household tasks. Children spent the most time in shopping and maintenance of home, yard, car, and pets. Age and sex of the child, education and employment of the mother, state of residence, and season of the year significantly affected the time spent on the tasks. Education of the father and income of the family were not significant sources of variation in the time spent.
The Value of Personal Psychotherapy for Psychotherapists
Authors: Herron William G.
Published: August 2011

This is a review of the evidence regarding the value of psychotherapists' personal psychotherapy for the practice of psychotherapy. No study up to this time has been able to isolate successfully the effects on practice of personal psychotherapy. The complexity of the issue may prevent such a solution. As a result no definitive conclusion as to value can be reached; however, the existing evidence suggests probable merit of selective inclusion of personal psychotherapy for the training of psychotherapists.
Homosexuals in the Armed Forces
Authors: Cameron Paul , Cameron Kirk , Proctor Kay
Published: August 2011

To assess possible morale and recruiting problems that might be associated with changing the military policy against admitting or retaining homosexual practitioners, a national systematic area-cluster sample of 4,340 adults and a Dallas sample of 842 were given a questionnaire concerning (1) feelings about nudity before homosexuals and heterosexuals, (2) military service and kind of discharge, (3) sharing communal facilities with homosexuals, (4) having a homosexual commanding officer, (5) having to depend upon a homosexual while under attack, (6) whether a change in policy would affect advice regarding joining the military, and (7) their opinion of current military policy. Consistent with other studies on the issue, 31% of homosexual versus 4% of heterosexual men reported less than honorable discharges. About three-quarters of the sample reported that, when disrobed, they were averse to being seen by homosexuals. About two-thirds of the men who had served, a majority of men who had not served, about a third of the women, and a minority of homosexuals felt that homosexuals should be excluded from or discharged from the military.
Concurrent Validity of the Global Assessment Scale: What's in a Number?
Authors: Holcomb William R. , Otto Randall L.
Published: August 2011

The concurrent validity of the Global Assessment Scale was investigated by correlating it with several measures of psychiatric symptomatology and impairment from 192 adults and children admitted for outpatient treatment. Results suggest questionable validity as an index of psychopathology.
Convergence and Divergence of Clinical Memory Tests
Authors: Sewell Kenneth W. , Downey Ronald G. , Sinnett E. Robert
Published: August 2011

Although there are many methods used to measure memory, there is surprisingly little agreement as to the validity of these measures. This study was designed to assess the convergent and divergent validity of several different memory measures. 60 college students served as subjects in the study. A moderate degree of convergent validity was found for the memory scales. A principal component analysis gave two major factors, memory for verbal and nonverbal materials. Controlling for intelligence (Quick Test) did not substantially reduce the convergent validity of the memory measures, establishing the divergent validity of memory. While there is a need to assess clinically the memory functions of individuals, the current methods appear to need additional work to improve the level of convergent validity and to reflect the diversity in memory.
Predicting Execution Rates in the USA
Authors: Yang Bijou , Lester David
Published: August 2011

Analysis of data from Cloninger, collected in 1977, showed that his set of variables provided a more powerful predictor of the homicide rates of the continental states in 1955–1959 than of the execution rates.
Investigating the Lunar-Lunacy Relationship: A Reply to Rotton and Kelly
Authors: Cyr J. J. , Kalpin R. A.
Published: August 2011

A series of questions, generated by Rotton and Kelly in response to Cyr and Kalpin's refutation of literature reviews which recommended that attempts to validate the lunar hypothesis be terminated, are addressed. We maintain that it is preferable for researchers to question whether any hypothesis is deemed tenable only after the most advanced methodologies and statistical analyses have been applied rather than to stop all investigations in an area based on results generated by a series of methodologically inconsistent studies which were analyzed inappropriately.
Social-Evaluative Anxiety in Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia
Authors: Pollard C. Alec , Cox Gerald L.
Published: August 2011

18 agoraphobics with panic attacks had significantly higher scores on the Willoughby Personality Schedule, a measure of social-evaluative anxiety, than 18 matched patients with panic disorder. Results are compatible with the position that hypersensitivity to criticism is associated with and may contribute to the development of agoraphobia following panic attacks, but further research is needed.
Prediction of Performance in Basic Training of Women Soldiers
Authors: Milgram Norman A. , Pinchas Chana , Ronen Yael
Published: August 2011

128 young Israeli women in compulsory military training were administered a predictive test battery at the start and performance ratings at the close of basic training. A composite measure of intellectual ability, attitudes toward women's occupational role, and discomfort with the routines of basic training were substantially correlated with officers' and peers' performance ratings, in descending order of magnitude.
Learning More about the Vocational “Barriers” of Black Youths
Authors: Miller Mark J. , Wells Don
Published: August 2011

This study examined how young black high school students (26 girls and 39 boys) responded to the Barriers subscale of the My Vocational Situation. If replicated, the findings have implications for counselors.
Individual and Dyad-Assisted Instruction
Authors: Perkins David , Donaldson Steward , Zimmerman Judy
Published: August 2011

A study was designed to gather preliminary information concerning the effectiveness of small-group (dyad) computer-assisted instruction. Children in Grades 3 to 6 completed 10 lessons designed to teach students the critical elements involved in solving mathematical word problems, i.e., identifying key words, writing equations, and selecting the appropriate mathematical operation. Four instructional conditions were evaluated: (1) one child using a microcomputer, (2) two children (dyad) using one microcomputer, (3) one child using one workbook, and (4) two children (dyad) using one workbook. Children in the microcomputer-dyad condition developed more positive attitudes towards computer-instruction than students working individually. No significant differences in achievement scores were found between children given computer-assisted instruction and those given workbooks.
Ability to Discriminate Rational Responses to Items on the Irrational Beliefs Test as a Predictor of Rationality and Trait Anxiety
Authors: Gitlin David E. , Tucker Carolyn M.
Published: August 2011

In this study were examined correlations among irrationality, ability to discriminate rationality, and trait anxiety. The Irrational Beliefs Test with standard instructions was the estimate of subjects' rationality. The same test with instructions to mark the most rational responses to test items assessed ability to discriminate rationality. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory measured trait anxiety. For subjects, 152 college students, a significant positive correlation was found between irrationality and trait anxiety and a significant but low correlation between irrationality and discrimination ability. The correlation was deemed too weak to have practical utility. There was no significant correlation between discrimination ability and trait anxiety. It was concluded that gains reported from Rational Emotive Therapy, such as increased rationality and anxiety reduction, may be primarily due to factors other than teaching clients to discriminate rational from irrational beliefs.
Developmental Study of Causal Attributions and Judgments of Achievement by Japanese Children
Authors: Yamauchi Hirotsugu
Published: August 2011

This article has two purposes, developmental changes of causal schemata are examined and developmental shifts in judgments of achievement are tested. The developmental changes of causal schemata are measured by two methods. (1) Extent of an effect is inferred from the facilitative causes and (2) the degrees of a facilitative cause are inferred from an effect and another facilitative cause. Developmental shifts of causal schemata ate noted among children in Grades 2, 4, and 6. Judgments of achievement are measured by asking subjects to provide “evaluative feedback” to an hypothetical school pupil's grade. The judgments of achievement are affected by the perceived expenditure of effort, independent of performance on the examination.
Effect of Mental Disorders on Hospital Readmission for Medical/Surgical Patients
Authors: Evans Ron L. , Hendricks Robert D. , Lawrence Kaye V.
Published: August 2011

To estimate the relationship between mental health problems and use of medical resources, this study compared readmission rates of medical/surgical patients who had a comorbid psychiatric disorder with those who did not. Patients with mental disorders were no more likely to be readmitted for medical problems after their index hospitalization than patients without psychiatric comorbidity. Results may assist in determining whether to include psychiatric variables as risk factors that might predict poor outcome after medical care.
Sex-Role Orientations among Married Men in the Military: The Generational Factor
Authors: Bowen Gary L. , Neenan Peter A.
Published: August 2011

Drawing upon a probability sample of 928 US Air Force married men from 24 bases worldwide, the present study examined the extent to which variation in sex-role orientation is age-related. Parallel to findings in the civilian community, younger men in the military, as compared to their more senior peers, reported more egalitarian attitudes toward the roles of men and women in marriage and society.
Note on the Face Validity of Certification Competencies of Computer Science Teaching
Authors: Hynes Michael C. , Dziuban Charles D.
Published: August 2011

Rating scale data on the face validity of competencies in computer science teaching were compared for three groups (150 practitioners, 67 district specialists, 101 faculty). Through the use of Boxplots certain trends were readily identified. Implications for curricular validity were discussed.
Effect upon Outcome of Nuances in Selection Criteria for ADHD/Hyperactivity
Authors: Gordon Michael , Niro Deborah Di , Mettelman Barbara Bilinski
Published: August 2011

To explore the effect of variations in selection criteria on sample size and empirical outcome, groups of ADHD/Hyperactive children were constituted according to various combinations of parents' and teachers' ratings. The “consensus” group was comprised of those children considered abnormal by both parent and teacher. The “and/or” group consisted of the consensus children as well as those rated by either the parent or teacher as abnormal. Two additional groups were formed according to the parent and teacher criteria considered separately. Sample sizes varied markedly among the groups. The effects of these sample differences are illustrated by the extent to which results of a validational study can vary depending on the nature of the selection criteria.
Achievement Motivation Factors and Students' College Outcomes
Authors: Neumann Yoram , Finaly Edith , Reichel Arie
Published: August 2011

The present study develops new measures of students' achievement motivation and examines the relationships between these measures and indicators of students' behavioral and college outcomes. Analysis yields moderate positive association of most aspects of achievement motivation with college outcomes. These relationships are quite strong for students' accomplishment and grades and weaker for commitment, assessment, and involvement. The best correlates of behavioral and college outcomes are persistence, locus of control, and action orientation.
Correlations among Measures of Divorce Adjustment, Self-Esteem, and Health of the Family of Origin
Authors: Bonnington Stuart
Published: August 2011

Divorced subjects (47 women and 19 men) completed ratings of divorce adjustment, a self-esteem subscale, and perceived family of origin's emotional health. A nonsignificant Pearson's correlation between divorce adjustment and family of origin's health was obtained plus a small significant r of .25 between self-esteem and family of origin's health for the women.
Psychophysiological Aspects of Caffeine Consumption
Authors: Murray John B.
Published: August 2011

Caffeine may be the psychoactive compound most widely used in the United States. Caffeine appears in coffee, tea, cola drinks, chocolate bars and cocoa, cold and diet medications, and sleep-prevention compounds; the amount of caffeine varies in different substances and according to preparations. Research on caffeine's effects on alcoholic drinks, alertness, anxiety, heart rate, performance, and sleep is reviewed. Caffeine is usually not harmful, although long-range effects of caffeine have not been thoroughly investigated. Caffeine's effects often have been studied by means of ingestion of coffee but substances other than caffeine may be active in coffee and tea. The placebo effect contributes to some of the effects experienced by coffee-caffeine users.
Significant others of New Zealand and Filipino Adolescents
Authors: Watkins David , Barrett Rosemary
Published: August 2011

In this study are compared the significant others of 109 New Zealand and 110 Filipino adolescents. As predicted, cultural differences between those societies in aspects such as divorce rates, family size, and the extended family system are reflected in choices of signifcant others.
Achievement, Well-Being, Intelligence, and Stress Reaction in Adult Children of Alcoholics
Authors: Plescia-Pikus Marlene , Long-Suter Emily , Wilson John P.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the relations among achievement, well-being, intelligence, and stress reaction in a sample of adult children of alcoholics on whom little research has been conducted. 44 such persons were tested on subscales of the California Psychological Inventory and scores compared with those of 92 control subjects. Also given were a subscale of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire and the Impact of Event Scale. The adult children of alcoholics over-all showed lower well-being and lower achievement than controls, but those with high well-being scored higher on both achievement scales than controls with low well-being and other adult children of alcoholics with low well-being. These adults showed no significant stress reaction on the Impact of Event Scale.
Elderhostelers and College Women Coping with Nuclear Threat: A Comparative Study of Thoughts and Actions about Nuclear War
Authors: McCarthy S. Viterbo
Published: August 2011

To relate experiences to thoughts and actions about the nuclear predicament, 49 elderhostelers and 54 college women were compared on their responses to the Nuclear Activism Questionnaire and scores on five areas of the Survey of Feelings about Nuclear War. Tests were group-administered in 30 min. to 49 late adults and 54 young adult women who volunteered to participate and responded anonymously. Analysis showed a significant difference in the mean activism scores of the two groups; elderhostelers were significantly more antinuclear than the young adults. For the two samples, among many similarities on the survey was one striking contrast: if a difference in the tendency to deny threat to self and to project threat on others is indicative of defensiveness, then these elderhostelers were far less defensive than the young adults. From clues about coping strategies noted here, we recommend further inquiry about the paradigm, belief, or world view directing the mode of thought that accounts for activism scores, with larger groups of subjects.
Students' Attitudes toward Hypothetical Chronically and Acutely Mentally and Physically Ill Individuals
Authors: Purvis Bruce , Brandt Richard , Rouse Connie , Vera Wilfredo , Range Lillian M.
Published: August 2011

To assess attitudes toward chronically and acutely mentally and physically ill individuals, 106 undergraduates read one of four vignettes describing a hospitalized individual, with each vignette divided along the factors of diagnosis (schizophrenia or cancer) and chronicity (acute or chronic). Then they completed the Community Acceptance Scale and responded to 19 rationally derived paired adjectives. A series of 2 × 2 univariate analyses indicated that individuals with diagnoses of schizophrenia were viewed significantly more pejoratively than individuals with diagnoses of cancer. Similarly, individuals with chronic courses of treatment were viewed significantly more negatively than individuals with acute courses of treatment. Surprisingly, however, no univariate interactions reached statistical significance. Findings suggest that the lack of acceptance of the chronically mentally ill individual is a function of the devaluation associated with psychiatric diagnosis.
Norms for the Children's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory—Modified Form
Authors: Fristad Mary A. , Karpowitz Dennis H.
Published: August 2011

Norms based on responses of 145 fourth, fifth, and sixth grade rural midwestern children were prepared. Several demographic variables affected children's responses. Girls reported less firm control and more acceptance from their mothers than did boys. Older children reported less acceptance from and less use of psychological control by their fathers than did younger children. Finally, across grades, children tended to report less acceptance from their parents and less use of psychological control by their fathers.
Selected Personality Correlates of Assertiveness and Aggressiveness
Authors: De Man A. F. , Green C. D.
Published: August 2011

38 men and 74 women participated in a study of the relationships among neuroticism, extraversion, locus of control, and assertiveness and aggressiveness, respectively. Aggressiveness was related to extraversion and internal locus of control, while assertiveness was associated with stability as opposed to neuroticism. Sex of subject did not appear to be of importance.
Jealousy in South-Italian Married Couples
Authors: De Mojà Carmelo A.
Published: August 2011

The author analyzed associations of jealousy with demographic variables for 144 South-Italians. Hansen's hypothetical jealousy-producing events, modified into a bivalent form, were submitted to both partners of 72 married couples. High jealousy of couples having no children and living in the country was noted. Men were more jealous than women. Involvement with hobbies and weekly meetings with friends produced less jealousy than friendship with the opposite sex. No differences resulted between subjects of differing ages and lengths of marriage
The Experience of Work Stress as a Function of Stress in a Primary Relationship
Authors: Jenner Jessica Reynolds
Published: August 2011

Popular belief is that work stress spills over into the family domain, but this study, using a new measure of relationship stress, provides evidence that the opposite effect also can and does occur. Locus of control, specifically strength of belief in powerful others, was related to organizational stress, but not to stress in a primary relationship.
Response to Wilkinson and Schwartz on the Epistemologies of Adolescents
Authors: Perry William G.
Published: August 2011

In their 1987 paper Wilkinson and Schwartz address the priority of chronological age vs academic aptitude as determinants of cognitive complexity. This critique observes that the authors misrepresent their major reference and do not follow the precedent they cite for their methods. They then dichotomize their sample of gifted students into dualists and relativists by arbitrarily labeling the students' scores on an inappropriate measure. Contrary to their major premise, Perry never mentions chronological age and even offers data supportive of these authors' claims for aptitude. However, his model links students' cognitive growth primarily to their experience of diversity among authorities and peers.
Evaluating Dental Faculty Performance: Perceptions of Departmental Chairpersons
Authors: Jones James E. , Preusz Gerald C.
Published: August 2011

In this study 388 departmental chairpersons in 61 United States and Canadian Dental Schools ranked, in decreasing order of importance, 12 performance criteria and then ranked the same 12 criteria as they perceived faculty would rank them. Agreement between the chairpersons' global rankings gave a positive rho of .95. Ranking agreement across each of 11 clinical departments ranged from .84 to .98. Chairpersons perceived that faculty would rank classroom, clinical, and laboratory teaching as number one and research and/or creative activity (independent of publication) as number two. This was in exact agreement with the chairpersons' personal ranking of these two criteria. Implications of the findings were discussed with respect to the increasing emphasis placed on research for dental faculty within the university.
Split-Plot Designs with Correlated Proportions
Authors: Becker Gilbert
Published: August 2011

An extension of McNemar's test for correlated proportions was presented in which subjects falling into McNemar's A and D categories are nested under two or more levels of one or more between-subjects factors. The main effect for the within-subjects factor is tested with the McNemar chi-squared statistic used for correlated proportions after collapsing the one or more between-subjects factors. Two- and higher-way interactions between the one or more between-subjects factors and the correlated proportions factor are tested with the Pearson chi-squared statistic used for two- and higher-dimensional contingency tables, respectively, based on observations taken from independent samples.
Classroom Learning Environment and Creativity: Some Caribbean Findings
Authors: Richardson Arthur G.
Published: August 2011

The My Class Inventory and two creativity measures were administered to a sample of 350 Caribbean elementary school children to assess the correlations between the classroom learning environment and creative performance. Significant positive correlations for the total sample emerged between creativity and two environmental variables, satisfaction (.40) and competitiveness (.11), while negative correlations were observed between creativity and measures of friction, difficulty and cohesiveness on My Class Inventory. Similar patterns also emerged for boys and girls.
Sex Differences in Sex-Role Attitudes in Children of Women Professionals
Authors: Lamie Marylizabeth , Smith Gerald P. , Lenzer Irmingard , Street Philip , Stewart Ron
Published: August 2011

Previous research has shown that young girls tend to be less sexist than young boys. In this study, 40 children aged 5 to 7 yr. whose mothers were professionals were asked to classify sex-role attributes. Few sex differences in sex-role attributions were found while age differences remained.
Random-Number Guessing and the First Digit Phenomenon
Authors: Hill Theodore P.
Published: August 2011

To what extent do individuals “absorb” the empirical regularities of their environment and reflect them in behavior? A widely-accepted empirical observation called the First Digit Phenomenon or Benford's Law says that in collections of miscellaneous tables of data (such as physical constants, almanacs, newspaper articles, etc.), the first significant digit is much more likely to be a low number than a high number. In this study, an analysis of the frequencies of the first and second digits of “random” six-digit numbers guessed by people suggests that people's responses share some of the properties of Benford's Law: first digit 1 occurs much more frequently than expected; first digit 8 or 9 occurs much less frequently; and the second digits are much more uniformly distributed than the first.
Receivers' Apprehension and Need for Cognition
Authors: Buhr Thomas A. , Pryor Burt
Published: August 2011

Examining the relationship between receivers' apprehension and need for cognition of 71 Florida college undergraduates indicated the two characteristics are inversely related. Findings were discussed in terms of implications for research on change of attitudes.
Linking Objective and Subjective Features: Contrasting Measurements
Authors: Evans Richard H.
Published: August 2011

This research concerned testing the relationship between objective features (seven) and subjective features (three). Findings indicate that selected objective features were associated significantly with each of the subjective features. The research is based on data collected from 184 undergraduate university students, and the stimulus object was a clock radio.
Reliability of Validity Generalization Data Bases
Authors: Whetzel Deborah L. , Daniel Michael A. Mc
Published: August 2011

This paper addresses the usefulness of reporting coder reliability in validity generalization studies. The Principles for the Validation and Use of Personnel Selection Instruments of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology state that given the results of meta-analytic studies, validities generalize far more than previously believed; however, users of validity generalization results are required to report the reliability of data entering validity generalization analyses. In response to this concern, reliability coefficients were computed on the validity and sample size between two studies (i.e., data bases) of the Wonderlic Personnel Test and the Otis Test of General Mental Ability. These variables, validity, and sample size, were investigated since these are the crucial components in validity generalization analysis. Results indicated that the correlation between the validities of the two studies was .99 and the correlation between the sample sizes of the two studies was 1.00. To illustrate further the reliability of coding in validity generalization research, separate meta-analyses were conducted on the validity of these tests on each of the two data bases. When correcting only for sampling error, the results indicated that the separate meta-analyses yielded identical results, M = .24, SD = .09. These results show that concerns about the reliability of validity generalization data bases are unwarranted and that independent investigators coding the same data, record the same values and obtain the same results.
Comparison of the K—ABC Achievement Scale and Wppsi IQs of Preschool Children
Authors: Kutsick Koressa A. , Wynn Elizabeth E.
Published: August 2011

The correlations of individual subtest with scale scores of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K—ABC) and the three IQs yielded by the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) were examined. This study was undertaken as an initial investigation designed to determine the utility of the K-ABC Achievement Scale as an independent measure of achievement in preschool children. Achievement scale scores and WPPSI IQs were obtained from a sample of 34 preschool children ages 48 to 60 mo. Strong, positive relations between the K—ABC Vocabulary and Total Achievement Scale score and WPPSI Verbal and Full Scale IQs were noted. Moderate correlations were obtained between the scores of the Riddles and Faces and Places subtests and the WPPSI Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs. Low correlations were found between the Arithmetic subtest and WPPSI Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs. The utility of the K—ABC achievement subtests as a standardized measure of preschool achievement was discussed.
A Conjugal Curriculum Vitae Method: Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of Marital Problems
Authors: Pléchaty Michel
Published: August 2011

This method of assessment and treatment of marital problems focuses on the couple's perception of their happy marital experiences and on the interpretation of their current marital problematic status. Each spouse is asked to describe individually his evaluation of his marital status in terms of what he liked in the course of his marital life, what he was less fond of regarding his marital life, and what his opinions are regarding the reasons which might have led him to his actual problematic marital situation. It has been assumed that this method provides relevant information enabling both therapist and couple to construct a meaningful profile of behavioral deficits and assets and the recollection of past happy experiences helps to build new cognitive and emotional expectations. Treatment is behaviorally oriented, enabling a couple to make a connection between their past happy experiences and the desired future outcome. It also helps increase such positive attitudes as communication, availability, functional consensus, marital creativity, and decrease the manipulative attitude. Five couples were accepted for the treatment and a mean of 13 sessions were held in the spring of 1987. One couple dropped out after two sessions. Two follow-up and two posttests (Locke-Wallace) showed good maintenance of therapeutic gains.
Assessing Premenstrual Syndrome Using the Premenstrual Experience Assessment
Authors: Futterman Lori A. , Jones John E. , Miccio-Fonseca L. C. , Quigley M. E. Ted
Published: August 2011

A comprehensive assessment device was developed and validated on 878 women. The inventory seems useful both in research and clinical practice. The instrument solicits information on medical, gynecological and psychological conditions, life-event stressors, sociocultural influences and premenstrual symptomatology. Responses generated a number of significant findings. One of seven women experienced severe premenstrual discomfort, one out of two women described themselves as having mild premenstrual discomfort, and severity of symptoms is a matter of degree rather than type, and women on oral contraceptives differed from nonusers with regard to reporting less interference premenstrually with sexual behavior and feelings and less difficulty with eating behavior and water retention.
The Cerebral Hemispheres as a Mapping System
Authors: Williams Stephen
Published: August 2011

One version of an orthodox rationale for psychological studies of functional hemispheric asymmetry is sketched out. This rationale emphasizes the significance of asymmetry for a psychological taxonomy. An alternative rationale is then presented. This is that the arrangement of the hemispheres with their commissures permits mapping between hemispheres. This mapping may underlie human capacities such as abstraction.
A Psychometric Assessment of a Scale to Measure Organizational Fairness
Authors: Lim Chae Un , Dubinsky Alan J. , Levy Michael
Published: August 2011

Equity theory posits that an individual perceives equity or inequity in a work situation on the basis of organizational fairness. The concept of organizational fairness is a multidimensional construct that has evolved from research directed at developing measures and identifying dimensions of perceived equity. This paper presents the results of an empirical assessment of the psychometric properties of a scale designed to measure organizational fairness.
Core Literature of the Two Social Psychologies
Authors: Hanson David J.
Published: August 2011

A comparison is made of the literature cited in common by a sample of sociologically oriented social psychology textbooks and that cited in common by a sample of psychologically oriented social psychology textbooks. Results suggest that, as reflected in these textbooks, sociological social psychology exhibits less agreement upon a core literature, with such literature tending to be older, more provincial, and limited to books.
Social Desirability Response Bias and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale
Authors: Ballard Rebecca , Crino Michael D. , Rubenfeld Stephen
Published: August 2011

The reported studies investigated two issues of importance to researchers and practitioners interested in the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, the sensitivity or social desirability of the individual items comprising the scale and the continued appropriateness of the original scoring scheme presented in 1960. Analysis indicates that over half of the items may no longer be sensitive enough to be useful. Also, it appears that the original keying may no longer be appropriate for a number of items. Finally, based on these findings, implications for the continued use of the Marlowe-Crowne Scale are discussed.
Factor Structure for Child Behavior Checklist Scores of Young Boys in St. Louis
Authors: Evenson Richard C. , Frankel Marc T. , Sirles Elizabeth A. , Parsons Richard
Published: August 2011

Factor-analysis of Child Behavior Checklist scores of 237 young boys from the Child Guidance Center in St. Louis yielded 7 of the 9 factors reported by Achenbach despite a more diverse ethnic and socioeconomic composition of this sample. Correlations between comparable factor-scales ranged from .86 to .94, except for the schizoid/anxious scales which correlated only .38.
Examining 16 PF Scores for Male Felons in a Reception and Diagnostic Center: Part II. Cross-Validating Four-Point Codes
Authors: Reuter Ellen K. , Wallbrown Fred H. , Barnett Robert W.
Published: August 2011

Four-point 16 PF codes were determined for a group of 347 male offenders incarcerated in a state reception and diagnostic center. Inmates were administered the 16 PF as part of an assessment battery used for purposes of recommending reconsideration of sentence. The findings from the present study were highly successful in cross-validating the incidence of four-point codes reported by Wallbrown, Reuter, and Barnett (1988) as well as their differences from the standardization sample on primaries, secondaries, and motivational distortion.
Eating Attitude Test Scores in Relation to Weight, Socioeconomic Status, and Family Stability
Authors: Schmolling Paul
Published: August 2011

Eating attitudes were assessed by use of the Eating Attitude Test (EAT) in a sample of 288 young adults at a community college. The sample included relatively more poor and working class persons than are in a typical 4-yr. college. Mean EAT scores tended to fall at the high end of the range previously reported for nonclinical samples. EAT scores were not significantly related to socioeconomic variables. White women scored significantly higher than nonwhite women. Also a disproportionately high number of women from intact (as opposed to destabilized) homes scored above the EAT cut-off score. These and other findings raised questions about the validity of viewing the slimness motive as essentially pathological.
Research Note on Racially Based Audience-Centered Anxiety
Authors: Scudder Joseph N. , Ralston S. Michael
Published: August 2011

The audience-centered explanation of anxiety posits that speakers experience significant anxiety about public speaking when they believe that important racial and cultural differences exist between themselves and their audience. This preliminary report of an on-going four-university study indicates that black male students enrolled in public-speaking classes at a predominantly white university report higher anxiety about public speaking than black females and white students.
Comments on Oakes on the Foundations of Statistical Inference in the Social and Behavioral Sciences: The Market for Statistical Significance
Authors: Johnstone David
Published: August 2011

A recent book by psychologist M. Oakes (1986) surveys the practice and logical foundations of statistical tests in the social and behavioral sciences. The book is aimed at producers and consumers of statistical research reports in these disciplines and has as its objective a shift in common practice from “significance” tests (however interpreted) to their more complete and informative analogs, confidence intervals. Much is made of the writings of the great English scientist and statistician Sir Ronald Fisher, to whom, most of all, the received theory of statistical tests is due. Oakes misrepresents Fisher's position on points of logic. There is also some overstatement of the case for confidence intervals. More interesting is the author's positive explanation for the widespread acceptance of significance tests among applied researchers, for there is no less settled logic or scheme of inference within theoretical statistics, as instantiated by the current papers of Casella and Berger (1987) and Berger and Sellke (1987) in the Journal of the American Statistical Association. That research workers in applied fields continue to use significance tests routinely may be explained by forces of supply and demand in the market for statistical evidence, where the commodity traded is not so much evidence, but “statistical significance.”
Ethnicity and Sex Differences in the Concept of the Ideal College Teacher
Authors: Meredith Gerald M.
Published: August 2011

Study examined the influence of ethnic background and sex classification on students' ratings of the “ideal” college teacher. Responses of 1186 Japanese-American and 594 Caucasian-American men and women on 28 characteristics of teachers were compared. Findings were interpreted in light of Vinacke's competitive game strategies and Kitano's traditional Japanese values.
Factorial Validity of Jones and Crandall's Short Index of Self-Actualization
Authors: Tucker Raymond K. , Weber Dawn R.
Published: August 2011

Jones and Crandall (1986) have reported initial psychometric data on the Short Index of Self-actualization. Included in their study was a principal components analysis. The authors reported that the instrument was characterized by four factors and a fifth uninterpretable factor. The present authors submitted the Jones-Crandall model to a confirmatory factor analysis using the confirmatory factor analytic model. The results showed substantial agreement with the Jones-Crandall model—a five-factor model with the fifth considered uninterpretable. The main difference in the findings was in the factor correlations. Jones and Crandall used an orthogonal rotation whereas the present study determined that an oblique solution is more in harmony with the data.
Work-Stress Burnout among Paramedics
Authors: Grigsby David W. , Knew Mark A. Mc
Published: August 2011

A survey-based study was conducted among 213 advanced emergency medical technicians (paramedics) to determine if work-related stress and its attendant burnout syndrome could influence the high job dissatisfaction reported by this group. Using Jones' Staff Burnout Scale for Health Professionals, the highest mean burnout score yet reported for any group of health professionals was obtained. of 23 possible correlates of the measure, 18 were associated with burnout. A multiple regression procedure produced a model containing eight independent predictors of burnout. On the whole, the study indicates alarmingly high work-stress burnout among paramedics, which is associated with a rather complex set of correlates. Implications of the study, including job requirement changes for paramedics, are also discussed.
The Love/Hate Checklist: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Parish Thomas S.
Published: August 2011

The Love/Hate Checklist of 45 “loving” and 45 “hateful” adverbs reliably assessed such actions by parents as perceived by their adult children. The scores on the checklist regarding both parents' loving actions were also significantly correlated with 20 college students' self-concepts but not with their ratings of their parents. Explanations are offered to account for these findings.
Interest Patterns among Vietnam-Era Veterans
Authors: O'Leary William C. , Hyer Lee , Blount John B. , Harrison William R.
Published: August 2011

The relationship between interest themes and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its symptoms is virtually unknown. This study addressed three issues: (a) the relationship of interest themes to PTSD symptoms, (b) comparison of PTSD versus nonPTSD veterans on interest themes, and (c) a determination of those psychiatric symptoms and interest themes that differentiated PTSD from nonPTSD veterans. Vietnam-era veterans represented PTSD ( n = 40) and nonPTSD ( n = 35) groups. These subjects were administered a battery of psychological tests including the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory and the MMPI (Scales 2, 4, 7, 8, and MMPI-PTSD Scale were used). Demographic/background variables were also obtained. Analysis shows no significant relations between PTSD symptoms and interest themes, no differences between groups on interest themes and, relative to psychiatric problems, occupational themes contribute in only a minor way to a PTSD/nonPTSD distinction. Discussion focused on the lowered interest patterns for these veterans and their generalized psychiatric problems.
Utility of the Gd Scale for the Measurement of Gender-Dysphoria in Males
Authors: Ross Michael W. , Burnard Don , Campbell Ian M.
Published: August 2011

Responses on the 31-item Gender Dysphoria ( Gd) scale of the MMPI of 104 primary gender-dysphoric males who had undergone or were about to undergo gender-reassignment surgery, 25 secondary gender-dysphoric patients from the same clinics, and 563 male psychiatric outpatients were tabulated and specificities and sensitivities calculated. The scale had satisfactory specificity, correctly identifying 98.1% of subjects. Sensitivity was unsatisfactory (40%) in distinguishing secondary gender-dysphorics in the Gender Clinic samples but adequate (88.4%) in the combined psychiatric outpatient and Gender Clinic samples. Factor analysis yielded 8 dimensions, but only 2 of these were easily interpretable or had sufficient items to ensure reliability, suggesting that there was little possibility of utilizing subscales. It is concluded that the Gd scale is an appropriate instrument for excluding primary gender dysphoria when used in conjunction with conventional diagnostic assessments.