bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum effects in the sorption of hydrogen by mesoporous materials
Authors: Dolbin A. V. , Khlistyuck M. V. , Esel'son V. B. , Gavrilko V. G. , Vinnikov N. A. , Basnukaeva R. M.
Published: January 2017

The sorption and desorption of hydrogen by mesoporous MCM-41 silicate material is studied at temperatures ranging from 6.8 to 290 K. It is found that a thermally activated mechanism with an estimated activation energy Ea ≈ 466 K predominates in the H2 sorption kinetics of an MCM-41 sample for temperatures of 60–290 K. For temperatures of 17–60 K the diffusion coefficient of H2 molecules in MCM-41 is almost entirely temperature independent, which is typical when a tunneling diffusion mechanism predominates over the thermally activated mechanism. Within the 8–17 K range, a change in the mobility of H2 molecules in the channels of MCM-41 is observed that appears to correspond to the formation of a monolayer (or its destruction during heating) and subsequent layers of hydrogen which have condensed on the inner surfaces of the channels. This process has an activation energy Em ≈ 21.2 K. At temperatures below 8 K the diffusion coefficients of H2 depend weakly on temperature. This presumably corresponds to a change in the mechanism for filling of the channels of MCM-41 from the layer-by-layer growth of film on the inner surfaces of the channels to capillary condensation of H2 molecules. These results are compared with previously obtained data on low-temperature sorption of hydrogen by bundles of carbon nanotubes.
Infrared spectra and band strengths of amorphous and crystalline N2O
Authors: Hudson R. L. , Loeffler M. J. , Gerakines P. A.
Published: January 2017

Infrared transmission spectra from 4000 to 400 cm−1, and associated band strengths and absorption coefficients, are presented for the first time for both amorphous and crystalline N2O. Changes in the spectra as a function of ice thickness and ice temperature are shown. New measurements of density, refractive index, and specific refraction are reported for amorphous and crystalline N2O. Comparisons are made to published results, and the most-likely reason for some recent disagreements in the literature is discussed. As with CO2, its isoelectronic congener, the formation of amorphous N2O is found to require greater care than the formation of amorphous solids from more-polar molecules.
Fast simulation of Brownian dynamics in a crowded environment
Authors: Smith Stephen , Grima Ramon
Published: January 2017

Brownian dynamics simulations are an increasingly popular tool for understanding spatially extended biochemical reaction systems. Recent improvements in our understanding of the cellular environment show that volume exclusion effects are fundamental to reaction networks inside cells. These systems are frequently studied by incorporating inert hard spheres (crowders) into three-dimensional Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations; however these methods are extremely slow owing to the sheer number of possible collisions between particles. Here we propose a rigorous “crowder-free” method to dramatically increase the simulation speed for crowded biochemical reaction systems by eliminating the need to explicitly simulate the crowders. We consider both the cases where the reactive particles are point particles, and where they themselves occupy a volume. Using simulations of simple chemical reaction networks, we show that the “crowder-free” method is up to three orders of magnitude faster than conventional BD and yet leads to nearly indistinguishable results from the latter.
Important role of magnetization precession angle measurement in inverse spin Hall effect induced by spin pumping
Authors: Gupta Surbhi , Medwal Rohit , Kodama Daichi , Kondou Kouta , Otani YoshiChika , Fukuma Yasuhiro
Published: January 2017

Here, we investigate the spin Hall angle of Pt in a Ni80Fe20/Pt bilayer system by using a broadband spin pumping and inverse spin Hall effect measurement. An out-of-plane excitation geometry with an application of external magnetic field perpendicular to the charge current direction is utilized in order to suppress unwanted galvanomagnetic effects. Magnetization precession angle (θC) on ferromagnetic resonance for wide excitation frequency range (4–14 GHz) is estimated from the rectification voltage of anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and a conventional method of using the microwave power in a coplanar waveguide. A marked difference in θC profiles for the different methods is observed, resulting in the large variation in estimated values of spin current density at Ni80Fe20/Pt interface. The frequency dependence of the spin current density estimated using the AMR effect is found to be similar to that of the inverse spin Hall voltage. We obtain the frequency-invariant spin Hall angle of 0.067 ± 0.002.
An integrated device with high performance multi-function generators and time-to-digital convertors
Authors: Qin X. , Shi Z. , Xie Y. , Wang L. , Rong X. , Jia W. , Zhang W. , Du J.
Published: January 2017

A highly integrated, high performance, and re-configurable device, which is designed for the Nitrogen-Vacancy (N-V) center based quantum applications, is reported. The digital compartment of the device is fully implemented in a Field-Programmable-Gate-Array (FPGA). The digital compartment is designed to manage the multi-function digital waveform generation and the time-to-digital convertors. The device provides two arbitrary-waveform-generator channels which operate at a 1 Gsps sampling rate with a maximum bandwidth of 500 MHz. There are twelve pulse channels integrated in the device with a 50 ps time resolution in both duration and delay. The pulse channels operate with the 3.3 V transistor-transistor logic. The FPGA-based time-to-digital convertor provides a 23-ps time measurement precision. A data accumulation module, which can record the input count rate and the distributions of the time measurement, is also available. A digital-to-analog convertor board is implemented as the analog compartment, which converts the digital waveforms to analog signals with 500 MHz lowpass filters. All the input and output channels of the device are equipped with 50 Ω SubMiniature version A termination. The hardware design is modularized thus it can be easily upgraded with compatible components. The device is suitable to be applied in the quantum technologies based on the N-V centers, as well as in other quantum solid state systems, such as quantum dots, phosphorus doped in silicon, and defect spins in silicon carbide.
Oxygen diffusion in the Ti3X alloys with elements from the IIIA or IVA groups and stability of their DO19 crystal structure
Authors: Bilić Ante , Gibson Mark A. , Wilson Nick , McGregor Kathie
Published: January 2017

Oxygen diffusion in Ti3X binary alloys, where X = Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, or Sn, with the hexagonal close-packed DO19 crystal structure has been investigated in the 600–1200 K temperature range by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, using the activation energies and exponential prefactors obtained from the literature. The results predict a vastly reduced oxygen mobility relative to that in α-Ti, in particular, along the basal directions, with the most notable reduction in the diffusivity evaluated for the alloys with heavier elements In and Sn. However, an insight from the crystal structure prediction based on the USPEX evolutionary optimization algorithm and first principles total energy calculations, suggests that the DO19 type crystal lattice is not the most stable for the elements in the carbon group. Rather, a distorted lattice with an orthorhombic crystal and spacegroup number 63 is predicted to be stable in the case of Sn, whereas larger tetragonal structures are predicted to be stable for Si and Ge. The dynamic stability of their lattices has been confirmed from the calculated vibrational normal mode spectra in the harmonic approximation.
Synchronization of cyclic power grids: Equilibria and stability of the synchronous state
Authors: Xi Kaihua , Dubbeldam Johan L. A. , Lin Hai Xiang
Published: January 2017

Synchronization is essential for the proper functioning of power grids; we investigate the synchronous states and their stability for cyclic power grids. We calculate the number of stable equilibria and investigate both the linear and nonlinear stabilities of the synchronous state. The linear stability analysis shows that the stability of the state, determined by the smallest nonzero eigenvalue, is inversely proportional to the size of the network. We use the energy barrier to measure the nonlinear stability and calculate it by comparing the potential energy of the type-1 saddles with that of the stable synchronous state. We find that the energy barrier depends on the network size (N) in a more complicated fashion compared to the linear stability. In particular, when the generators and consumers are evenly distributed in an alternating way, the energy barrier decreases to a constant when N approaches infinity. For a heterogeneous distribution of generators and consumers, the energy barrier decreases with N. The more heterogeneous the distribution is, the stronger the energy barrier depends on N. Finally, we find that by comparing situations with equal line loads in cyclic and tree networks, tree networks exhibit reduced stability. This difference disappears in the limit of N→∞. This finding corroborates previous results reported in the literature and suggests that cyclic (sub)networks may be applied to enhance power transfer while maintaining stable synchronous operation.
The maximal excess charge for a family of density-matrix-functional theories including Hartree-Fock and Müller theories
Authors: Kehle Christoph
Published: January 2017

We will give a proof that the maximal excess charge for an atom described by a family of density-matrix-functionals, which includes Hartree-Fock and Müller theories, is bounded by a universal constant. We will use the new technique introduced by Frank et al. [preprint arXiv:1608.05625 (2016)].
Highly tunable bistability using an external magnetic field in photonic crystals containing graphene and magnetooptical layers
Authors: Ghasempour Ardakani Abbas , Firoozi Fatemeh Bahmani
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we propose an optical bistable structure based on a single graphene layer sandwiched between two magnetooptical layers which are located between two photonic crystals. It is indicated that such structure shows optical bistability behaviors, in the near infrared range, which can be efficiently controlled with small external magnetic fields lower than 1.5 mT. Such weak external magnetic fields cannot affect the graphene layer and the dependence of bistability phenomenon on the magnetic field results from the presence of magnetooptical layers and their influences on the resonance frequency of the structure. Both switch-up and switch-down thresholds can be significantly adjusted by variation of the external magnetic field. Furthermore, the width of hysteresis loop enhances with increasing the magnetic field. To obtain a high tunability of bistability with external magnetic fields, the thickness of magnetooptical layers should be larger than a special value. It is also found that the increase of the Fermi energy level of graphene leads to the enhancement of both switch-up and switch-down thresholds as well as the width of the hysteresis loop. Finally, it is confirmed that optical bistability can be manipulated by changing the incident illumination angle.
Modeling the photoacoustic signal during the porous silicon formation
Authors: Ramirez-Gutierrez C. F. , Castaño-Yepes J. D. , Rodriguez-García M. E.
Published: January 2017

Within this work, the kinetics of the growing stage of porous silicon (PS) during the etching process was studied using the photoacoustic technique. A p-type Si with low resistivity was used as a substrate. An extension of the Rosencwaig and Gersho model is proposed in order to analyze the temporary changes that take place in the amplitude of the photoacoustic signal during the PS growth. The solution of the heat equation takes into account the modulated laser beam, the changes in the reflectance of the PS-backing heterostructure, the electrochemical reaction, and the Joule effect as thermal sources. The model includes the time-dependence of the sample thickness during the electrochemical etching of PS. The changes in the reflectance are identified as the laser reflections in the internal layers of the system. The reflectance is modeled by an additional sinusoidal-monochromatic light source and its modulated frequency is related to the velocity of the PS growth. The chemical reaction and the DC components of the heat sources are taken as an average value from the experimental data. The theoretical results are in agreement with the experimental data and hence provided a method to determine variables of the PS growth, such as the etching velocity and the thickness of the porous layer during the growing process.
Dual-directionally tunable metamaterial for low-frequency vibration isolation
Authors: Jiang Tianxi , He Qingbo
Published: January 2017

This letter reports a dual-directionally tunable acoustic metamaterial comprising a matrix and two spiral beams with an embedded permanent magnet. Two types of vibration modes associated with band gaps can be excited under out-of-plane and in-plane excitations. The out-of-plane and in-plane transmissions of the metamaterial move toward two directions because of their modal characteristics when external magnets are introduced to tune the magnetic force monotonically. The mechanism of the dual-directional tunability is theoretically clarified. A composite dual-directionally tunable metamaterial prototype achieves the flexible tuning of the metamaterial band gap. Such effect provides broad application prospects for low-frequency vibration isolation in practical environments.
Superconducting properties of Zr1+xNi2-xGa and Zr1-xNi2+xGa Heusler compounds
Authors: Alzahrani Saad , Khan Mahmud
Published: January 2017

The superconducting properties of a series of Zr1+xNi2-xGa and Zr1-xNi2+xGa compounds have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, dc magnetization, and ac susceptibility measurements. While the parent compound, ZrNi2Ga, exhibited the cubic L21 Heusler structure, multiple non-cubic structures formed in the Zr and Ni rich doped materials. For x ≤ 0.3, all Zr1-xNi2+xGa compounds demonstrated superconducting behavior, but no superconductivity was observed in the Zr1+xNi2-xGa alloys for x > 0.2. The magnetization data revealed that all materials in both Zr1+xNi2-xGa and Zr1-xNi2+xGa series exhibited type-II superconductivity. With increasing doping concentration x, the paramagnetic ordering were enhanced in both systems while the superconducting properties were found to weaken. The observations are discussed considering the structural disorders in the systems.
Morphology control of hexagonal strontium ferrite micro/nano-crystals
Authors: Chen Deyang , Meng Yuying , Gandha Kinjal H. , Zeng Dechang , Yu Hongya , Ping Liu J.
Published: January 2017

In this study, controllable morphology evolution of hexagonal strontium ferrite (SrFe12O19) micro/nano-crystals has been demonstrated. Single phase strontium ferrite platelets with hexagonal morphology were successfully prepared by conventional ceramic process. In the hexagonal crystals, it is revealed that the anisotropic growth rate is changed, with the increasing of ball milling time, from relatively high rate along the <00l> direction (c-axis) to  direction, leading to the morphology evolution. Moreover, the optimal saturation magnetization (MS) is 69.5 emu/g, which is intensely close to the theoretical value (72 emu/g). This study provides the direct evidence of the enhanced reaction activity induced by high energy ball milling in strontium hexaferrite platelets and the obtained SrFe12O19 particles are promising for the hard magnet application and the magnetoelectric electronics.
Shock Tube Measurement of Ethylene Ignition Delay Time and Molecular Collision Theory Analysis
Authors: Xiong Xiao-he , Ding Yan-jun , Shi Shuo , Peng Zhi-min
Published: January 2017

In this study, 75% and 96% argon diluent conditions were selected to determine the ignition delay time of stoichiometric mixture of C2H4/O2/Ar within a range of pressures (1.3–3.0 atm) and temperatures (1092–1743 K). Results showed a logarithmic linear relationship of the ignition delay time with the reciprocal of temperatures. Under both two diluent conditions, ignition delay time decreased with increased temperature. By multiple linear regression analysis, the ignition delay correlation was deduced. According to this correlation, the calculated ignition delay time in 96% diluent was found to be nearly five times that in 75% diluent. To explain this discrepancy, the hard-sphere collision theory was adopted, and the collision numbers of ethylene to oxygen were calculated. The total collision numbers of ethylene to oxygen were 5.99×1030 s−1cm−3 in 75% diluent and 1.53×1029 s−1cm−3 in 96% diluent (about 40 times that in 75% diluent). According to the discrepancy between ignition delay time and collision numbers, viz. 5 times corresponds to 40 times, the steric factor can be estimated.
Effect of Screw-Dislocation on Electrical Properties of Spiral-Type Bi2Se3 Nanoplates
Authors: Wu Yu-kun , Zhuang A-wei , Ye Chun-miao , Zeng Jie , Pan Nan , Wang Xiao-ping
Published: January 2017

We systematically investigated the electrical properties of spiral-type and smooth Bi2Se3 nanoplates through field effect transistor and conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) measurement. It is observed that both nanoplates possess high conductivity and show metallic-like behavior. Compared to the smooth nanoplate, the spiral-type one exhibits the higher carrier concentration and lower mobility. CAFM characterization reveals that the conductance at the screw-dislocation edge is even higher than that on the terrace, implying that the dislocation can supply excess carriers to compensate the low mobility and achieve high conductivity. The unique structure and electrical properties make the spiral-type Bi2Se3 nanoplates a good candidate for catalysts and gas sensors.
Calculations of Energy-Loss Function for 26 Materials
Authors: Sun Yang , Xu Huan , Da Bo , Mao Shi-feng , Ding Ze-jun
Published: January 2017

We present a fitting calculation of energy-loss function for 26 bulk materials, including 18 pure elements (Ag, Al, Au, C, Co, Cs, Cu, Er, Fe, Ge, Mg, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pd, Pt, Si, Te) and 8 compounds (AgCl, Al2O3, AlAs, CdS, SiO2, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe) for application to surface electron spectroscopy analysis. The experimental energy-loss function, which is derived from measured optical data, is fitted into a finite sum of formula based on the Drude-Lindhard dielectric model. By checking the oscillator strength-sum and perfect-screening-sum rules, we have validated the high accuracy of the fitting results. Furthermore, based on the fitted parameters, the simulated reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS) spectrum shows a good agreement with experiment. The calculated fitting parameters of energy loss function are stored in an open and online database at http://micro.ustc.edu.cn/ELF/ELF.html.
A Layer-Structured Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Mesoporous Carbon for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Song Hong-guang , Ding Yan-jun , Yang Jia , Xu Hang-xun
Published: January 2017

Developing highly active and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial to large-scale commercialization of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Here we report a facile approach for the synthesis of nitrogen and oxygen dual-doped mesoporous layer-structured carbon electrocatalyst embedded with graphitic carbon coated cobalt nanoparticles by direct pyrolysis of a layer-structured metal-organic framework. The electrocatalyst prepared at 800 °C exhibits comparable ORR performance to Pt/C catalysts but possesses superior stability to Pt/C catalysts. This synthetic approach provides new prospects in developing sustainable carbon-based electrocatalysts for electrochemical energy conversion devices.
Does increasing plant population density alter sugar yield in high stalk-sugar maize hybrids?
Authors: Ma B. L. , Zheng Z. M. , Morrison M. J.
Published: January 2017

Escalating demands for food and green energy have renewed interest in the dual-purpose use of maize (Zea mays L.) for a biofuel and high-energy forage crop. Recently, maize hybrids with high stalk-sugar (sugarcorn) have been developed. It is important to determine how agronomic practices, for example altering plant population density (PPD), affect stalk-sugar yields of these newly developed hybrids and to advance knowledge required for producing sugarcorn as a dual-purpose bioenergy–high energy silage crop in short-season regions unable to grow sugarcane. A field experiment was conducted for 3 years to assess the effect of PPD on stalk-sugar accumulation, dry matter production, silage and sucrose yields of sugarcorn compared with two commercial silage hybrids. Targeted PPD ranged from 75 000 to 150 000 plants ha–1 in increments of 25 000 plants ha–1. We found that increasing PPD from 75 000 to 125 000 plants ha–1 increased stalk sugar concentrations by up to 25% in some of the sugarcorn hybrids, with minimum change in the conventional check hybrids. The sugarcorn hybrid CO348 × C103 had the highest stalk sugar concentration (128 g kg–1) and sucrose yield of up to 3.8 Mg ha–1 at the targeted PPD of 125 000 (or actual 118 000 ± 7000) plants ha–1. By contrast, the check silage hybrids produced at most 2.0 Mg ha–1 of sucrose yield with much lower stalk sugar concentrations (53–65 g kg–1). Sugarcorn hybrids had generally lower grain yield with greater plant barrenness (the failure of a plant to produce a normal ear) and severer head smut infestation than the conventional silage hybrids. Our results suggest that as a silage crop, the current recommended PPD of 75 000–85 000 plants ha–1 for commercial silage maize production in the region is likely suitable for sugarcorn, and a higher PPD is required if sugarcorn hybrids are designated as a biofuel crop or for dual-purpose use.
Vanadate complexation to ferrihydrite: X-ray absorption spectroscopy and CD-MUSIC modelling
Authors: Larsson Maja A. , Persson Ingmar , Sjöstedt Carin , Gustafsson Jon Petter
Published: January 2017

Environmental contextVanadium, a metal pollutant from fossil fuels and slags, may be toxic, thereby necessitating an understanding of its environmental chemistry. One important factor that controls the mobility and bioavailability of vanadium is its binding to iron oxides. This study focuses on the characterization and modelling of vanadium adsorption onto ferrihydrite. The new model can be used to simulate the transport and bioavailability of vanadium in the environment.
AbstractThe mobility of vanadium in the environment is influenced by sorption to metal (hydr)oxides, especially those containing iron. The aim of this study is to understand the adsorption behaviour of vanadium on poorly ordered (two-line) ferrihydrite (Fh). A further objective was to determine the binding mechanism of vanadate(V) to ferrihydrite surfaces in aqueous suspension to constrain the CD-MUSIC surface complexation model. Vanadium adsorption to ferrihydrite was evaluated by batch experiments which included series with different Fh-to-V ratios and pH values. Vanadate(V) adsorption was also evaluated in the presence of phosphate to compete with vanadate(V) for the available surface sites on ferrihydrite. In agreement with earlier studies, vanadate(V) was strongly adsorbed to ferrihydrite and the adsorption increased with decreasing pH. In the presence of phosphate, less vanadate(V) was adsorbed. Analysis by X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy revealed that the adsorbed vanadium was tetrahedral vanadate(V), VO4, regardless of whether vanadate(V) or vanadyl(IV) was added to the system. Spectra collected by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy showed that vanadate(V) is bound primarily as an edge-sharing bidentate complex with V⋯Fe distances around 2.8Å. Based on this information, a surface complexation model was set up in which three bidentate vanadate(V) complexes with different degrees of protonation were included. The model provided a satisfactory description of vanadate(V) adsorption over most of the pH and concentration ranges studied, also in the presence of competing phosphate ions.
Developmental pruning of excitatory synaptic inputs to parvalbumin interneurons in monkey prefrontal cortex
Authors: Chung Daniel W. , Wills Zachary P. , Fish Kenneth N. , Lewis David A.
Published: January 2017

Significance

Synaptic pruning in primate prefrontal cortical circuitry has been proposed to contribute to working memory maturation. However, pruning of excitatory synapses has only been shown on pyramidal neurons despite the well-recognized role of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in working memory. Moreover, in schizophrenia, working memory deficits are thought to result from disturbances in the maturation of PV interneurons. Here we demonstrate in the monkey prefrontal cortex that excitatory synapses on PV interneurons are pruned across adolescence, the remaining synapses are strengthened, and splicing of erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ErbB4) may mediate these effects. These findings provide a developmental context for deficient excitatory synaptic inputs to PV interneurons in schizophrenia and implicate dysregulated ErbB4 splicing as a potential molecular mechanism underlying this process.
CD34
+
mesenchymal cells are a major component of the intestinal stem cells niche at homeostasis and after injury
Authors: Stzepourginski Igor , Nigro Giulia , Jacob Jean-Marie , Dulauroy Sophie , Sansonetti Philippe J. , Eberl Gérard , Peduto Lucie
Published: January 2017

Significance

Maintenance of stem cells in adult organs requires a specialized microenvironment called the niche, which provides structural cues and paracrine signals to ensure stemness. In the intestine, increasing evidence points toward a major role for the mesenchyme close to crypts to perform this function; however, such putative mesenchymal niche remains poorly characterized. Here, we identify nonmyofibroblastic CD34
+
Gp38
+
mesenchymal cells as a major component of the intestinal epithelial stem cells (IESCs) niche. We show that CD34
+
Gp38
+
mesenchymal cells develop after birth and contribute to the maintenance of IESCs at homeostasis and organization of intestinal inflammation after injury.
Regulating chromosomal movement by the cochaperone FKB-6 ensures timely pairing and synapsis
Authors: Alleva Benjamin , Balukoff Nathan , Peiper Amy , Smolikove Sarit
Published: January 2017

In meiotic prophase I, homologous chromosome pairing is promoted through chromosome movement mediated by nuclear envelope proteins, microtubules, and dynein. After proper homologue pairing has been established, the synaptonemal complex (SC) assembles along the paired homologues, stabilizing their interaction and allowing for crossing over to occur. Previous studies have shown that perturbing chromosome movement leads to pairing defects and SC polycomplex formation. We show that FKB-6 plays a role in SC assembly and is required for timely pairing and proper double-strand break repair kinetics. FKB-6 localizes outside the nucleus, and in its absence, the microtubule network is altered. FKB-6 is required for proper movement of dynein, increasing resting time between movements. Attenuating chromosomal movement in fkb-6 mutants partially restores the defects in synapsis, in agreement with FKB-6 acting by decreasing chromosomal movement. Therefore, we suggest that FKB-6 plays a role in regulating dynein movement by preventing excess chromosome movement, which is essential for proper SC assembly and homologous chromosome pairing.
Real bounds and quasisymmetric rigidity of multicritical circle maps
Authors: Estevez Gabriela , de Faria Edson
Published: January 2017

Let

f
,
g
:

S
1

→

S
1

f, g:S^1\to S^1

be two

C
3

C^3

critical homeomorphisms of the circle with the same irrational rotation number and the same (finite) number of critical points, all of which are assumed to be non-flat, of power-law type. In this paper we prove that if

h
:

S
1

→

S
1

h:S^1\to S^1

is a topological conjugacy between

f
f

and

g
g

and

h
h

maps the critical points of

f
f

to the critical points of

g
g

, then

h
h

is quasisymmetric. When the power-law exponents at all critical points are integers, this result is a special case of a general theorem recently proved by T. Clark and S. van Strien preprint, 2014. However, unlike their proof, which relies on heavy complex-analytic machinery, our proof uses purely real-variable methods and is valid for non-integer critical exponents as well. We do not require

h
h

to preserve the power-law exponents at corresponding critical points.
The genetic map comparator: a user-friendly application to display and compare genetic maps
Authors: Holtz Yan , David Jacques Léon , Ranwez Vincent
Published: January 2017

Motivation

Marker-assisted selection strongly relies on genetic maps to accelerate breeding programs. High-density maps are now available for numerous species. Dedicated tools are required to compare several high-density maps on the basis of their key characteristics, while pinpointing their differences and similarities.

Results

We developed the Genetic Map Comparator—a web-based application for easy comparison of different maps according to their key statistics and the relative positions of common markers.

Availability and Implementation

The Genetic Map Comparator is available online at: http://bioweb.supagro.inra.fr/geneticMapComparator. The source code is freely available on GitHub under the under the CeCILL general public license: https://github.com/holtzy/GenMap-Comparator.
Potential Distribution Map of Culicoides insignis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Vector of Bluetongue Virus, in Northwestern Argentina
Authors: Veggiani Aybar Cecilia A. , Díaz Gomez Romina A. , Dantur Juri María J. , Lizarralde de Grosso Mercedes S. , Spinelli Gustavo R.
Published: January 2017

Culicoides insignis Lutz is incriminated as a vector of bluetongue virus (BTV) to ruminants in America. In South America, almost all countries have serological evidence of BTV infections, but only four outbreaks of the disease have been reported. Although clinical diseases have never been cited in Argentina, viral activity has been detected in cattle. In this study, we developed a potential distribution map of Culicoides insignis populations in northwestern Argentina using Maximum Entropy Modeling (Maxent). For the analyses, information regarding both data of specimen collections between 2003 and 2013, and climatic and environmental variables was used. Variables selection was based on the ecological relevance in relation to Culicoides spp. biology and distribution in the area. The best Maxent model according to the Jackknife test included 53 C. insignis presence records and precipitation of the warmest quarter, altitude, and precipitation of the wettest month. Accuracy was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC = 0.97). These results provide an important analytical resource of high potential for both the development of suitable control strategies and the assessment of disease transmission risk in the region.
Ephemera danica (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) As a Resource for Two Commensals: Ciliated Protozoans (Sessilida) and Chironomids (Diptera)
Authors: Grzybkowska Maria , Szczerkowska-Majchrzak Eliza , Dukowska Małgorzata , Leszczyńska Joanna , Przybylski Mirosław
Published: January 2017

The distribution and coexistence of two unrelated commensals, the chironomid Epoicocladius ephemerae (Kieffer 1924) and ciliate Carchesium polypinum L. 1758, on one host species, Ephemera danica Muller 1764, sampled in two small lowland rivers in 2009, 2010 and 2011, were investigated. We analyzed 288 mayfly specimens from the Bzura River and 101 from the Mroga River. The number of commensals on a single mayfly specimen varied between 0 and 18 chironomids, and from 0 to 46 colonies of ciliates. Prevalences were >48% for chironomids and ∼30% for ciliates, whereas mean intensities were low (4.01±6.04 commensals on one host). The spatial distribution of each commensal species was investigated on different parts of the host body. Neither chironomids nor ciliates infected the whole mayfly body. The co-occurrence of these two commensals was not random and showed a negative association. Chironomids were most frequent on two or three parts of the body (two parts of the abdomen, with gills and without gills, and legs), whereas ciliates were found on two parts (the whole abdomen). Coexistence of the two commensal species led to partitioning of resources that was host body size dependent: small mayflies (optimal size 11.63 mm) were primarily settled by ciliated protozoans while larger specimens (optimal size 28.77 mm) were settled by chironomids.
The European Union and Environmental Policy
Authors: Benson David , Jordan Andrew
Published: January 2017

Although manifestly not a state, the European Union (EU) has evolved from its origins as a trade-based economic organization to become a supra-national political body that regulates across multiple policy sectors in a state-like manner. Nowhere is this regulatory influence more pronounced than in relation to the environment, where the EU now effectively determines the national policy of its member states in areas as diverse as air quality, water pollution, habitat protection, and genetically modified organisms. Countries outside of the EU are also increasingly influenced by its policy norms. Indeed, the EU is widely recognized as an international environmental policy entrepreneur, particularly in relation to climate policy. What is even more remarkable is that this broad environmental acquis communautaire, or corpus of policy and law, has been assembled in the space of just four decades. Up until the early 1970s, environmental concerns were primarily governed at the national and/or sub-national levels in Europe. Environmental measures that were adopted by the European Economic Commission (EEC) were overtly aimed at trade harmonization within a common market. As new, and more costly, regulatory measures were adopted, conflicts erupted with member states. These battles continued into the 1990s, with member states invoking the principle of subsidiarity to slow down the pace of integration. By the 2000s, EU policy had reached a state of maturity. Despite attempts by more economically liberal governments and industrial actors to roll back policy expansion, the EU sought to shift the emphasis of policymaking toward more holistic responses to sustainable development issues. Economic austerity has, to an extent, slowed the pace of policy expansion but the future of the sector is likely to witness greater experimentation with novel policy instruments and a gradual merging of environmental, climate and energy policy objectives. In this respect, EU environmental policy remains a work in progress. A growing literature on these topics has emerged since the late 20th century. Firstly, several key texts have been published to provide an overview of the sector. Secondly, the literature has also focused more specifically on political decision-making, including the institutional aspects of policymaking. Thirdly, scholars have researched individual policies or policy subsectors, often using them to understand integration through time. Fourthly, empirical work has formed the basis of theory testing or theory building, using perspectives imported from comparative (national) politics and European integration. Finally, research has engaged with the process of environmental governing across multiple institutional levels, including understanding the implementation of measures and how member states are being Europeanized. This overview of the published literature is structured according to these strands.
Justice of War and Justice in War
Authors: Lucas George
Published: January 2017

This article deals with what are termed descriptive and normative understandings of war. Descriptive accounts attempt to capture and describe the most salient and essential features of warfare as it is experienced by its participants (and victims). Normative accounts, by contrast, attempt to provide theories about when, if ever, the kind of activities in those descriptive accounts are justified (permissible, excusable, or unavoidable). Normative accounts of warfare also attempt to develop theoretical frameworks within which appropriate and inappropriate means and methods of conducting war can be distinguished. Such justificatory accounts of war and its conduct may be purely political in nature (political “realism”), but are more often framed as moral and ethical arguments about the permissibility of resorting to armed force to resolve conflict and the sorts of methods and tactics which may be permitted when doing so (“just war” theories). This article concludes with recent developments that challenge conventional theories concerning justified war and its proper conduct in the light of new military technologies for waging war, as well as the increased resort to terrorism and forms of “asymmetric” warfare by individuals and organizations not officially representative of existing nation-states.
Cultural Intelligence
Authors: Van Dyne Linn , Ang Soon , Tan Mei Ling , Rockstuhl Thomas
Published: January 2017

Cultural intelligence (CQ) is the capability to function effectively in intercultural contexts, as discussed in Earley and Ang 2003 (cited under Conceptualization of Individual-Level CQ). CQ can refer to the capability of an individual, a team, or a firm. CQ is important for most individuals and organizations because the world is diverse, and contemporary organizations recognize the value of bridging cultures for both personal and organizational success. The introduction of CQ represents a marked research shift away from focusing on cultural differences to focusing on how to function effectively in situations characterized by cultural differences. CQ is theoretically precise about what is and is not part of its construct space. Rooted in the multiloci view of intelligence, the conceptualization of CQ comprises four factors: (1) metacognitive CQ (the mental capability to acquire and understand cultural knowledge), (2) cognitive CQ (knowledge about cultures, their similarities and differences), (3) motivational CQ (interest and confidence in functioning effectively in intercultural contexts), and (4) behavioral CQ (the capability to flex behaviors in intercultural interactions). By focusing on four factors, CQ offers a comprehensive and parsimonious framework that describes the domain of intercultural capabilities. Research on CQ has evolved rapidly along several themes. First, research shows the conceptual distinctiveness of CQ compared to other interpersonal intelligences and intercultural competencies. Research demonstrates that CQ is uniquely relevant to intercultural contexts, rather than monocultural contexts. Research also differentiates CQ from its antecedents, including personality traits and multicultural experiences. Second, a growing body of research documents the positive consequences of CQ for individuals, teams, and firms. In less than twenty years, the accumulating evidence of predictive and incremental validity has pushed CQ from a theoretical concept to a practical framework that organizations in over 150 countries have applied to global selection, training, and development. A third theme considers more complex CQ models. This research sheds light on mediators and moderators in the CQ nomological network. It also positions CQ within multiple levels of analysis. In this bibliography, we review major research studies on each of these important research streams. Some references appear in more than one category because they relate to multiple streams of research.
Acculturative Stress and Bicultural Stress
Authors: Romero Andrea , Piña-Watson Brandy
Published: January 2017

This chapter discusses the concepts of acculturative and bicultural stress, the theory and method behind the measurement, and the implications of the US immigration policy context for stress. The central sources of acculturative and bicultural stress are reviewed, including intergroup discrimination, language stress, intragroup marginalization, and family cultural conflict. In particular, literature is reviewed that examines the association between mental health and acculturative or bicultural stress. Extant research does demonstrate that degree of stress varies for individuals and that acculturative/bicultural stress is experienced not only by immigrants but also by minorities in the United States. Therefore, the present chapter reviews literature that connects the acculturative/bicultural stress process across generations. The immigration context is considered for future research in the area of acculturation and stress.
Hegel, History, and Race
Authors: Zambrana Rocío
Published: January 2017

Hegel’s philosophy of history and his treatment of race are inextricably entwined. Reflection on this entwinement reveals the complexities of any attempt that aims to mark the limits of Hegel’s thought and Hegel scholarship while at the same time recovering Hegelian insights. Considering Hegel’s conceptions of history and race in the Anthropology and the Lectures on the Philosophy of History helps assess Susan Buck-Morss’ s Hegel, Haiti, and Universal History. Buck-Morss defends a reconstructed notion of universal history despite her own important account of the problematic entwinement of history and race in Hegel.
Race, Health Disparities, Incarceration, and Structural Inequality
Authors: Shrage Laurie
Published: January 2017

The HIV/AIDS infection rate today among African American women is twenty times higher than for non-Hispanic white women. Some recent public health studies suggest that the disparities we see in HIV/AIDS between black women and other groups is linked to disproportionately high rates of incarceration for black men in the United States. The connection between the HIV/AIDS epidemic and mass incarceration needs to be examined. Moral and political issues arise insofar as police profiling and racial bias in sentencing are fueling the HIV/AIDS crisis in African American communities.
Race, Rectification, and Apology
Authors: Roberts Rodney C.
Published: January 2017

Rectification and apology are related. A clarification of rectificatory justice requires a conception of apology that is grounded in justice. An apology is needed in order to effect rectification because it is the apology that addresses the wrong of an injustice. What makes an injustice a wrong is the lack of respect shown to right-holders when their rights are violated. Hence, the righting of a wrong is accomplished by way of an apology—an acknowledgment of wrongdoing that includes the reaffirmation that those who suffered the injustice have moral standing. Emotional requirements are unnecessary for a conception of apology and the assumption of reconciliation as the telos of apology is mistaken. In these terms, the apology to African Americans by the US Congress in 2009 fails as a legitimate apology.
“Race” to the Finish Line
Authors: McClendon John H.
Published: January 2017

The image of the black athlete looms large on the landscape of communications media and cultural outlets. And a certain kind of sports ethos, intimately linked to African American sports figures, permeates mass and popular culture. Questions are raised: How does this importance of sports regarding black people affect race as a dynamic social category? If “race matters” in society, can sports tell us in what way? Does the notion of racial progress apply to the status of African Americans in contemporary sports? How would we measure and define the progress of the black race in sports? Does progress in sports signal advancement in other areas of social life?
David Hume on Race
Authors: Garrett Aaron , Sebastiani Silvia
Published: January 2017

David Hume in a notorious footnote in “Of National Characters,” in his Essays, Moral, Political and Literary, explicitly wrote that there were human races and that nonwhites were inferior to whites. The footnote has been characterized as “just an offhand comment.” However, the footnote reflects Hume’s deeper views about methodology in the sciences of man, and it can be connected to passages in Hume’s other works and to a broader Scottish and European intellectual and historical setting. Hume consistently insisted on a natural inferiority of blacks which set them apart from other races and believed that the difference between Europeans and Amerindians was a great as the difference between human beings and animals. He rejected slavery, which rendered his ideology of white supremacy enigmatic, because his rejection of geographical or climatic differences as causes meant that he could not provide a convincing causal account of what he took to be racial difference.
Nietzsche as a Philosopher of Racialized Breeding
Authors: Bernasconi Robert
Published: January 2017

When Nietzsche’s discussions of racial issues are read in historical context, many of the attempts by recent scholars to try to exonerate him of racism turn out to be less persuasive than they first appeared to be. Remarks that are often presented as transgressive can be shown to be relatively commonplace. Furthermore, his defenses of slavery and of colonialism deserve more critical attention than they have been given. Those scholars who judge that Nietzsche was, considered by the standards of his day, largely favorable to the Jews are correct, but these same scholars need to be challenged when they overlook or try to minimize his antiblack racism.
Leisure Music Production
Authors: Stebbins Robert
Published: January 2017

Making music is largely a serious leisure activity, and as with all serious leisure it takes place in a set of physical spaces, each with its own special meaning for the participant. That meaning has roots in the core activities conducted there. Stebbins has identified and explored seven types of spaces for serious leisure, six of which pertain to making serious music. They are conquered space, showcase space, resource space, sales space, helping space, virtual space, and tourist space. Each is discussed in detail sufficient to show how it can help explain the lifestyle of the modern amateur and professional musician. The main types of today’s musician are included in this analysis: jazz, rock, folk, and classical. Furthermore, the analysis proceeds from the core activities comprising the musical life, as these unfold in the different places where that life occurs.
Creating a Framework for Music Making and Leisure
Authors: McCarthy Marie
Published: January 2017

This chapter revisits the writings of music sociologist and educator Max Kaplan (1911–1998) to inform efforts to bring together the domains of leisure and music making in the twenty-first century. The chapter begins with a brief description of Max Kaplan’s life that explains his orientation to the social functions of music, sociology, and leisure studies, and that situates his contributions in the context of his time—the mid and late twentieth century. Following the introduction, the chapter is organized around themes from Kaplan’s published works and projects: patterns of development in leisure and recreation, 1900–1960; changing conceptions of leisure and recreation in the mid-twentieth century; a theory of recreational music; community as fertile ground for observing leisure in action; music making in the context of leisure; and moving forward with Kaplan’s vision.