bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Naldemedine and Naloxegol for the Treatment of Opioid-Induced Constipation in Cancer Patients
Authors: Braun Ursula K. , Jackson Leanne K. , Garcia Mary A. , Imam Syed N.
Published: March 2024

Background: Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a pervasive and distressing side effect of chronic opioid therapy in patients with cancer pain, significantly impacting their quality of life. Peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAS) were developed for treatment-resistant OIC but most studies were conducted with non-cancer patients. Objective: to discuss two oral formulations of PAMORAs, naldemedine and naloxegol, and to review available evidence of the effectiveness of these drugs for OIC in cancer patients. Methods: a comprehensive search to identify primary literature for either naldemedine or naloxegol for OIC in cancer patients. Results: Only three prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials for naldemedine enrolling cancer patients were identified; the results of a subgroup analysis of two of those studies and two non-interventional post marketing surveillance studies of these trials are also reported here. For naloxegol, only two randomized controlled trials were identified; both were unsuccessful in enrolling sufficient patients. An additional four prospective non-interventional observational studies with naloxegol were found that enrolled cancer patients. There were significantly higher rates of responders in the PAMORA groups than in the placebo groups. The most common side effect for both PAMORAs was diarrhea. Limitations: All studies were industry-funded, and given that only three trials were randomized controlled studies, the overall quality of the studies was lacking. Conclusion: Naldemedine or naloxegol appeared safe and useful in the treatment of OIC in cancer patients and may improve their quality of life. Larger-scale randomized placebo-controlled studies of PAMORAs in cancer patients would strengthen existing evidence.
Towards Mid-Infrared Gas-Discharge Fiber Lasers
Authors: Gladyshev Alexey , Komissarov Dmitry , Nefedov Sergey , Kosolapov Alexey , Velmiskin Vladimir , Mineev Alexander , Bufetov Igor
Published: March 2024

A 2.03 μm gas-discharge fiber laser based on atomic xenon is investigated. Various gas mixtures, such as He–Xe, Ar–Xe, He–Ar–Xe, and He–Ne, are studied by optical emission spectroscopy. The possibility of extending laser generation further into the mid-infrared range is analyzed.
Evaluating Yield, Nutritional Quality, and Environmental Impact of Quinoa Straws across Mediterranean Water Environments
Authors: Matías Javier , Cruz Verónica , Rodríguez María José , Calvo Patricia , Maestro-Gaitán Isaac , Reguera María
Published: March 2024

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a promising and versatile crop due to its remarkable adaptability to diverse environments and the exceptional nutritional value of its seeds. Nevertheless, despite the recent extensive research on quinoa seeds, the straw associated with this crop has received comparatively little attention. The valorisation of this by-product provides an opportunity to improve the overall outcomes of quinoa cultivation. In this work, three quinoa varieties were evaluated for two years (2019 and 2020) under three different Mediterranean water environments (irrigation, fresh rainfed, and hard rainfed), aiming to assess the straw yield and nutritional quality and to study the changes in the crop nutritional uptake associated with different water environmental conditions. The nutritional analysis included the quantification of the ash, crude protein, crude fat, minerals (P, K, Ca, Mg), and fibre (gross fibre (GF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), hemicellulose, cellulose) contents. As the results reveal, most of the parameters evaluated were susceptible to change mainly with the water environment but also with the genotype (or their interaction), including the yield, crude protein, relative feed value (RFV), and mineral content, which generally decreased under water-limiting conditions. Moreover, a comparative analysis revealed that straw Ca, Mg, and K contents were generally higher than in seeds. Overall, this study demonstrates that quinoa straw quality is genotypic and environmentally dependent, and these factors should be considered when aiming at improving straw feed value for livestock nutrition.
Control of Urochloa decumbens Using Glyphosate Applied by Remotely Piloted Aircraft and Ground Sprayer with Different Spray Nozzles
Authors: Lopes Luana de Lima , Cunha João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da , Nomelini Quintiliano Siqueira Schroden , Alvarenga Cleyton Batista de
Published: March 2024

The use of remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) to spray pesticides currently occurs, but knowledge about this technology is lacking due to the different locations, targets, and products applied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the control of Urochloa decumbens with glyphosate applied using an RPA (10 L ha−1) equipped with different spray nozzles (XR 11001 and AirMix 11001). For the purpose of comparison, ground application was also performed (100 L ha−1). The deposition was evaluated by means of the quantification of a tracer by spectrophotometry, the droplet spectrum was evaluated with water-sensitive paper, and the control efficiency was evaluated based on visual measurements with percentage scores. Statistical process control was used to analyse the quality of the deposition in the area. The results showed that the application via RPA presented a greater amount of tracer on the leaves than the ground application, suggesting that the former is a good option for application, even providing a lower coverage and number of droplets per area. Both application methods were effective at controlling Urochloa decumbens. The nozzles showed potential for use in applications, with control efficiency higher than 84% from 21 days after application. The percentage of droplets smaller than 100 μm in the applications was less than 5%. No nonrandom behaviour was observed during deposition, indicating a high-quality process.
The ldp1 Mutation Affects the Expression of Auxin-Related Genes and Enhances SAM Size in Rice
Authors: Sun Zhanglun , Mei Tianrun , Tan Xuan , Feng Tingting , Li Ruining , Duan Sumei , Zhao Heming , Ye Yafeng , Liu Binmei , Zhou Aifeng , Ai Hao , Huang Xianzhong
Published: March 2024

Panicle type is one of the important factors affecting rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield, and the identification of regulatory genes in panicle development can provide significant insights into the molecular network involved. This study identified a large and dense panicle 1 (ldp1) mutant produced from the Wuyunjing 7 (WYJ7) genotype, which displayed significant relative increases in panicle length, number of primary and secondary branches, number of grains per panicle, grain width, and grain yield per plant. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of ldp1 was relatively larger at the bract stage (BM), with a significantly increased number of primary (PBM) and secondary branch (SBM) meristematic centers, indicating that the ldp1 mutation affects early stages in SAM development Comparative RNA-Seq analysis of meristem tissues from WYJ7 and ldp1 at the BM, PBM, and SBM developmental stages indicated that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highest (1407) during the BM stage. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that genes in one module (turquoise) are associated with the ldp1 phenotype and highly expressed during the BM stage, suggesting their roles in the identity transition and branch differentiation stages of rice inflorescences. Hub genes involved in auxin synthesis and transport pathways, such as OsAUX1, OsAUX4, and OsSAUR25, were identified. Moreover, GO and KEGG analysis of the DEGs in the turquoise module and the 1407 DEGs in the BM stage revealed that a majority of genes involved in tryptophan metabolism and auxin signaling pathway were differentially expressed between WYJ and ldp1. The genetic analysis indicated that the ldp1 phenotype is controlled by a recessive monogene (LDP1), which was mapped to a region between 16.9 and 18.1 Mb on chromosome seven. This study suggests that the ldp1 mutation may affect the expression of key genes in auxin synthesis and signal transduction, enhance the size of SAM, and thus affect panicle development. This study provides insights into the molecular regulatory network underlying rice panicle morphogenesis and lays an important foundation for further understanding the function and molecular mechanism of LDP1 during panicle development.
Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus L. Landrace “Carciofo Ortano” as a Source of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Laghezza Masci Valentina , Alicandri Enrica , Antonelli Chiara , Paolacci Anna Rita , Marabottini Rosita , Tomassi William , Scarascia Mugnozza Giuseppe , Tiezzi Antonio , Garzoli Stefania , Vinciguerra Vittorio , Vettraino Anna Maria , Ovidi Elisa , Ciaffi Mario
Published: March 2024

The preservation of agricultural biodiversity and socioeconomic development are relevant both to enhance domestic production and to support innovation. In the search for new biomolecules, we have focused on the “Carciofo Ortano” landrace, growth in the northern part of the Lazio region. Artichoke cultivation generates substantial by-products, including leaves, stems, and roots, which could serve as valuable sources of biomolecules and prebiotic dietary fiber. To valorize the leaf waste of the “Carciofo Ortano” landrace, a multidisciplinary approach was applied. Chemical analysis using HPLC-DAD identified mono-O- and di-O-caffeoylquinic acids and the sesquiterpene cynaropicrin in all artichoke leaf extracts. SPME-GC/MS analyses detected aliphatic alcohols in the fresh leaf samples. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic studies on cancer (SH-SY5Y, MCF-7, MDA) and normal (MCF-10A) human cell lines revealed that leaf extracts induced a selective dose and time-dependent biological effect. While showing slight activity against environmental bacterial strains, artichoke leaf extracts exhibited significant antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata. Overall, the results highlight the potential of “Carciofo Ortano” cultivation by-products as a rich source of biomolecules with versatile applications in humans, animals, and the environment.
Recovery of Strategic Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards with Deep Eutectic Solvents and Ionic Liquids
Authors: Domańska Urszula , Wiśniewska Anna , Dąbrowski Zbigniew
Published: March 2024

The recycling of metals from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) has been presented as a solid–liquid extraction process using two deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and four ionic liquids (ILs). The extraction and separation of Cu(II), Ag(I), and other metals, such as Al(III), Fe(II), and Zn(II), from the solid WPCBs (after the physical, mechanical, and thermal pre-treatments) with different solvents are demonstrated. Two popular DESs were used to recover valuable metal ions: (1) choline chloride + malonic acid, 1:1, and (2) choline chloride + ethylene glycol, 1:2. The extraction efficiencies of DES 1 after two extraction and two stripping stages were only 15.7 wt% for Cu(II) and 17.6 wt% for Ag(I). The obtained results were compared with those obtained with four newly synthetized ILs as follows: didecyldimethylammonium propionate ([N10,10,1,1][C2H5COO]), didecylmethylammonium hydrogen sulphate ([N10,10,1,H][HSO4]), didecyldimethylammonium dihydrogen phosphate ([N10,10,1,1][H2PO4]), and tetrabutylphosphonium dihydrogen phosphate ([P4,4,4,4][H2PO4]). Various additives, such as didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride surfactant, DDACl; hydrogen peroxide, H2O2; trichloroisocyanuric acid, TCCA; and glycine or pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate), PHM, were used with ILs during the extraction process. The solvent concentration, quantity of additivities, extraction temperature, pH, and solid/liquid, as well as organic/water ratios, and the selectivity and distribution ratios were described for all of the systems. The utilization of DESs and the new ILs with different additives presented in this work can serve as potential alternative extractants. This will help to compare these extractants, additives, extraction efficiency, temperature, and time of extraction with those of others with different formulas and procedures. The metal ion content in aqueous and stripped organic solutions was determined by the ICP-MS or ICP-OES methods. The obtained results all show that solvent extraction can successfully replace traditional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods in new technologies for the extraction of metal ions from a secondary electronic waste, WPCBs.
Paddy Drying Technologies: A Review of Existing Literature on Energy Consumption
Authors: Ying Tianyu , Spang Edward S.
Published: March 2024

This study explores the existing literature on specific energy consumption (SEC) use for paddy drying and consolidates all relevant data for comparisons across technologies. Energy consumption data for a range of drying technologies are consolidated from published literature and normalized to enable comparison. A large proportion of the source data are generated from operational performance in industrial or laboratory settings, while the remainder is derived from computer simulations. The SEC of paddy drying is driven primarily by technology type; however, operational factors (such as the system size, temperature, and airflow) and external factors (such as the local climate and paddy moisture content) also heavily influence system energy use. The results of our analysis show that the industrial drying technologies explored in this study have an average SEC of 5.57 ± 2.21 MJ/kg, significantly lower than the 20.87 ± 14.97 MJ/kg observed in a laboratory setting, which can potentially be attributed to differences in processing capacity. Multi-stage drying typically has higher energy efficiency when tempering stages are incorporated. The self-circulating design of some drying systems may provide additional opportunities for heat exchange, leading to efficient drying performance without the need for a separate tempering stage. Beyond traditional methods, we have observed a notable shift towards solar-assisted and infrared drying technologies in laboratory settings, reflecting an increasing interest in sustainable and efficient drying solutions. In summary, this review consolidates SEC data for rice drying technologies, analyzes the energy intensity and performance of each drying technology, and identifies data gaps that might be addressed in future research.
Process Analysis and Modelling of Operator Performance in Classical and Digitalized Assembly Workstations
Authors: Neacşu (Dobrişan) Georgiana Cătălina , Niţu Eduard Laurenţiu , Gavriluţă Ana Cornelia , Vlad Georgica Gheorghiţa , Dobre Elena Mădălina , Gheorghe Marian , Stan Maria Magdalena
Published: March 2024

Strong competition in the automotive industry has required manufacturers to implement lean production, both with methods and techniques specific to Industry 4.0. At the same time, universities must provide graduates with specific skills for applying these new production methods and techniques. In this context, a lean learning factory was developed in the Pitesti University Center that allows students to learn about, experiment with, and research new lean manufacturing methods and techniques as well as Industry 4.0 in an environment similar to that of enterprises. The research presented in this study aimed to identify the minimum number of repetitions necessary to train operators to perform the same assembly operation while working at two differently organized workstations: one classic and the other including digital techniques. Several indicators were considered in our analysis, such as the number of errors, the number of stops, the effective duration of the work cycle, and the percentage ratio between the standard duration of cyclical activities and the effective duration of the work cycle. The evolution of these indicators was mathematically modelled by regression functions, using the least squares method. The obtained results also highlight the usefulness of applying the DOJO method as a lean-manufacturing-specific learning technique and the efficiency of implementing digital techniques in work organization.
Cultural Awareness of Intersex in Malta: Invisibility, Stigma and Epistemic Injustice
Authors: Bartolo Tabone Claudia , Garland Fae , Travis Mitchell
Published: March 2024

In 2015, Malta introduced ground-breaking legal reform designed to protect the bodily integrity of intersex infants in Malta. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals, lawyers, policy-makers and advocates, this article considers the extent to which this reform has improved the cultural visibility and recognition of intersex people in Malta. Engaging with literature on epistemic injustice, this article provides new evidence for a cultural silence around intersex bodies that operates not only at a level of public knowledge but also at the individual and institutional levels. Our findings relate to three categories of visibility: political, cultural and medical. While the political visibility of intersex was an important factor in the introduction and shape of law reform in Malta, our respondents felt that the legislation had had very little effect on public understandings and familiarity with intersex issues. Moreover, respondents felt that many intersex people would be unlikely to know that they were intersex due to the limited conceptual and critical resources available to them: issues such as stigma and shame further encourage the epistemic silencing of intersex issues. The lack of cultural and medical visibility has significantly limited both the intended and hoped-for effect of the legislation. The article considers the broader implications of these results beyond Malta for those seeking to use the law to improve the lived experiences of intersex people.
The Modeling of Pulsar Magnetosphere and Radiation
Authors: Cao Gang , Yang Xiongbang , Zhang Li
Published: March 2024

We review the recent advances in the pulsar high-energy γ-ray observation and the electrodynamics of the pulsar magnetospheres from the early vacuum model to the recent plasma-filled models by numerical simulations. The numerical simulations have made significant progress toward the self-consistent modeling of the plasma-filled magnetosphere by including the particle acceleration and radiation. The current numerical simulations confirm a near force-free magnetosphere with the particle acceleration in the separatrix near the light cylinder and the current sheet outside the light cylinder, which can provide a good match to the recent high-energy γ-ray observations. The modeling of the combined multi-wavelength light curves, spectra, and polarization are expected to provide a stronger constrain on the geometry of the magnetic field lines, the location of the particle acceleration and the emission region, and the emission mechanism in the pulsar magnetospheres.
Transport Coefficients of Relativistic Matter: A Detailed Formalism with a Gross Knowledge of Their Magnitude
Authors: Dwibedi Ashutosh , Padhan Nandita , Chatterjee Arghya , Ghosh Sabyasachi
Published: March 2024

The present review article has attempted a compact formalism description of transport coefficient calculations for relativistic fluid, which is expected in heavy ion collision experiments. Here, we first address the macroscopic description of relativistic fluid dynamics and then its microscopic description based on the kinetic theory framework. We also address different relaxation time approximation-based models in Boltzmann transport equations, which make a sandwich between Macro and Micro frameworks of relativistic fluid dynamics and finally provide different microscopic expressions of transport coefficients like the fluid’s shear viscosity and bulk viscosity. In the numeric part of this review article, we put stress on the two gross components of transport coefficient expressions: relaxation time and thermodynamic phase-space part. Then, we try to tune the relaxation time component to cover earlier theoretical estimations and experimental data-driven estimations for RHIC and LHC matter. By this way of numerical understanding, we provide the final comments on the values of transport coefficients and relaxation time in the context of the (nearly) perfect fluid nature of the RHIC or LHC matter.
Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy among African American and Black Individuals in the United States of America: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Savoia Elena , Masterson Evelyn , Olander David R. , Anderson Emma , Mohamed Farah Anisa , Pirrotta Luca
Published: March 2024

Despite the crucial role the COVID-19 vaccine played in curbing the pandemic, a significant portion of Black and African American individuals expressed hesitancy toward being vaccinated. This review aimed to identify the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black and African American individuals in the U.S. The literature search was conducted in December 2022 according to the PRISMA criteria focusing on empirical studies. Data extraction methods, critical appraisal, and secondary thematic analysis were conducted on both quantitative and qualitative studies. Sixteen quantitative studies identified the key factors associated with vaccine hesitancy, such as confidence in vaccine effectiveness, safety, and trust in the healthcare system. Fourteen qualitative studies revealed major themes of mistrust, fear, and information needs, including historical mistrust, concerns about the vaccine development process, and contemporary institutional mistrust. The synthesis of quantitative and qualitative findings derived from this review provides a nuanced understanding of the determinants of vaccine hesitancy in Black and African American communities in the U.S., offering a foundation for the development of evidence-based interventions. Mistrust in the healthcare system, fear, and informational gaps on vaccine safety and effectiveness were identified as significant barriers to vaccination, demanding targeted interventions.
The Performance of Using the Parasympathetic Tone Activity (PTA) Index to Assess Intraoperative Nociception in Cats
Authors: Lima Leonor , Dos-Santos José Diogo , Ribeiro Lénio , Cabral Patrícia , Colaço Bruno , Martins João
Published: March 2024

Background: The monitoring of nociception/antinociception poses a significant challenge during anesthesia, making the incorporation of new tools like the Parasympathetic Tone Activity (PTA) monitor an added value in feline anesthesia. Objectives: To compare the effectiveness and speed of PTA monitoring when compared to heart rate (HR) in detecting surgical stimuli (SS) during the intraoperative period in 49 female cats undergoing ovariectomy (OV). Methods: Instantaneous Parasympathetic Tone Activity (PTAi) values, HR, fR, and non-invasive SAP and MAP were continuously monitored and systematically assessed. The time required for HR (HR time) and PTAi (PTAi time) to reach their minimum peak values following each surgical stimulus was collected at five points for each anaesthetized cat. Each collected surgical stimulus was categorized into 3 groups for statistical analysis: no nociception detection, no hemodynamic reaction and a PTAi > 50 (Nhre); no hemodynamic reaction and a PTAi < 50 (Nhre < 50); and hemodynamic reaction and PTAi < 50 (Hre < 50). Results: PTAi response demonstrated effectiveness in detecting nociception compared to HR. The SS were categorized as 36.1% in the Nhre group, 50% in the Nhre < 50 group, and only 13.9% in the Hre < 50 group. In the Hre < 50 group, PTAi time and HR time had similar speeds in detecting the SS (p = 0.821); however, PTA time was significantly slower in the Nhre < 50 group when compared to the Hre < 50 group (p = 0.001). Conclusions: PTA monitoring may be a useful tool to complement HR monitoring for detecting nociception. PTA monitoring demonstrated a superior diagnostic value compared to HR for detecting nociception in cats undergoing OV and a similar speed to HR in detecting SS when HR increases above 20%. Future studies are needed to understand in a clinical setting the meaning of sympathetic activation/nociception detected using the PTA monitor when the HR increase is not clinically relevant.
A Review of Capacity Allocation and Control Strategies for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Integrated Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Yao Ming , Da Danning , Lu Xinchun , Wang Yuhang
Published: March 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) play a major role in the energy system because they are clean and environmentally friendly and can use excess electricity from renewable sources. In order to meet the growing charging demand for EVs and overcome its negative impact on the power grid, new EV charging stations integrating photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage systems (ESSs) have emerged. However, the output of solar PV systems and the charging demand of EVs are both characterized by uncertainty and dynamics. These may lead to large power fluctuations in the grid and frequent alternation of peak and valley loads, which are not conducive to the stability of the distribution network. The study of reasonable capacity configuration and control strategy issues is conducive to the efficient use of solar energy, fast charging of EVs, stability of the distribution network, and maximization of the economic benefits of the system. In this paper, the concept, advantages, capacity allocation methods and algorithms, and control strategies of the integrated EV charging station with PV and ESSs are reviewed. On the basis of the above research, the current problems and challenges are analyzed, and corresponding solutions and ideas are proposed.
Morphological features of round whitefish Prosopium cylindraceum lake Lama (Putorana Plateau)
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Russia, Tomsk, Romanov V.I.
Published: March 2024

The article presents materials on the meristic and plastic characteristics of the round whitefish, Prosopium cylindraceum (Pennant, 1784), in Lake Lama, which is part of the Norilo-Pyasinsky water ecosystem and the Pyasina River basin. The Yenisei and Pyasina rivers define the western boundary of this species’ habitat. While the round whitefish is a relatively rare species with a low population in the Yenisei basin, it is abundant in the Pyasina basin, especially in some of the upper water bodies. The round whitefish is a common species in the Norilo-Pyasinsky lakes and is present in all large lakes of the region, except for lake Keta, where it has not been found. Both river and lake-river forms of the round whitefish are present in these water bodies. Both forms have experienced a significant impact from non-commercial fishing, and in some parts of the basin, they have practically disappeared or significantly reduced in number. The areal of the round whitefish in the Pyasina River basin also extends to some right-hand tributaries (Dudypta, Samoyedskaya, etc.) in the northern regions of the basin. The tributaries where the round whitefish is found are typically characterized as rocky, fastflowing streams. The variability of meristic characters of the round whitefish in lake Lama, lake Sobachye, and some parts of the upper Pyasina river are examined. Current data show the round whitefish in the Pyasina River basin and other water bodies of the Taimyr region is represented by a relatively homogeneous population with close values in such basic parameters as lateral line, the number of gill rakers, and other characteristics.
Design of Web-Based Digital Marketing Application Using CodeIgniter to Increase Seller Turnover in Ciroyom Market
Authors: Khoerunisa Asti , Supriyati S , Natansya Tyas Sylva Fitrian , Nissa Rika Sovyatun , Fernaldy Kevin , Bahri Ramadhan Syaeful
Published: March 2024

Expired goods are the condition of a product that is no longer suitable for consumption or use because it has a high risk of causing poisoning for people who consume it or use it. For sellers, especially in traditional markets, there is no way or system to be able to inform goods that are approaching expiration and are still fit for sale, so it can result in goods that are approaching expiration simply being thrown away. The purpose of this study is to develop a digital marketing application design for frozen preparations that are almost expiring to increase trader turnover in the Ciroyom market. The research method used is experimental and descriptive research methods. The system development methodology used is Waterfall. The results of this study explain that digital marketing applications of near-expired frozen processed products in the Ciroyom market have been analyzed by existing sales procedures, which we then developed to overcome the emerging drawbacks of near-expired product sales. This digital marketing application can overcome some of the problems with selling frozen preparations that are about to expire. This digital marketing application can sell merchandise that is almost expired online so consumers can see what items are available.
Laocoon vu par Euphorion et Nicandre de Colophon : Poésie, histoire et politique à l’époque hellénistique
Authors: Meulder Marcel
Published: March 2024

Le poète hellénistique Euphorion est le premier à transformer l’éventuelle faute de Laocoon contre Athéna en faute irrévérencieuse envers Apollon, non seulement par goût pour les histoires érotiques, mais aussi pour s’en prendre aux adversaires de son protecteur, le roi Antiochus III. Car ces adversaires, Attale Ier (et Rome), se réclamaient à titres et degrés divers, de l’héritage de Troie. Contemporain et partisan du roi de Pergame, Nicandre de Colophon

maior disculpe par contre Laocoon de toute impiété.
El a priori de la comunidad indigena y su orientación de futuro en dos pueblos de Oaxaca, México
Authors: Olivos Santoyo Nicolás
Published: March 2024

La intención de este trabajo es contribuir al debate abierto por las antropologías del futuro, en particular problematizar la tesis de que la configuración de dinámicas sociales y culturales contemporáneas puedan ser diseñadas causalmente desde una orientación futura. Retomo la idea para pensar sí este planteamiento se le puede aplicar al hecho comunidad indígena, a sabiendas que ésta es la materialización de la tradición y la costumbre. Usando algunos ejemplos etnográficos provenientes de dos comunidades indígenas del estado mexicano de Oaxaca, bosquejo líneas interpretativas donde concilio herencia histórica, morfología y comunidad, con orientaciones, acción social y futuro. Parto de la hipótesis de que lo común actúa como un a priori de la acción de sujetos que orientan, con sus prácticas, a la comunidad hacia futuros posibles.
Heredar respuestas
Authors: Acuña Pérez Saúl Fanon , Montes Vega Octavio Augusto
Published: March 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar los procesos de territorialización múltiple por parte de los miembros de la comunidad de Tengüecho y las distintas formas de construir sus futuros a partir de la trasmisión de conocimientos y experiencias que les permite defender “la tierra que les fue heredada” en un presente posindustrial. Si bien, lo anterior se puede entender solamente como una defensa del pasado, en este texto pretendemos visualizar la importancia que tiene en los pobladores de Tengüecho la construcción o desarrollo de estrategias para el sostenimiento futuro de su territorio. Al contemplar la tradición como una transmisión nos podemos dar cuenta que no solamente se heredan posesiones materiales, sino conocimientos, estrategias y respuestas a quienes nos cuestionan por lo que consideramos como nuestro.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Baneh, West of Iran
Authors: Moghimi Mohammad , Bakhtiari Mehran , Matini Sepehr , Matini Mohammad
Published: March 2024

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic helminth infection that has great health and economic importance worldwide. Iran is considered one of the endemic areas of this parasitic infection. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of human CE in Baneh, west of Iran. Methods: From March to May 2022, 460 individuals who attended health centers in Baneh were tested for the anti-Echinococcus immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were analyzed by Chi-square and binary logistic regression tests. Results: Fourteen (3.04%) participants (95% CI: 1.49–4.59%) had the anti-Echinococcus IgG antibody. The average (±standard deviation) age of participants was 40.9 (16.8) years, and most of them belonged to the age group of 35–49 years (33.9%) with the highest rate of infection (4.5%). In terms of other demographic variables, seropositivity to CE was higher in women (3.8%) and people who lived in rural areas (5.1%), were housewives (3.6%), and were illiterate (4%) (P>0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that only keeping dogs at home was a risk factor for CE (adjusted odds ratio: 31.407; 95% CI: 5.343–184.590%; P<0.001). Conclusion: Direct contact with dogs is the main method of CE transmission. Therefore, public health education and the deworming of dogs can be effective in preventing and controlling CE.
Human Health Risk Assessment of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Tea Leaves Harvested from Farm Regions of Gilan Province, Iran
Authors: Rahmani Alireza , Armak Fatemeh , Khazaei Mohammad , Asgari Ghorban , Leili Mostafa , Einipour Rashti Marjaneh
Published: March 2024

Tea holds a special place in Iranian culture, ranking as the most widely consumed beverage after water. A significant portion of Iran’s domestic tea production (approximately 70%) originates from the lush landscapes of Gilan province. The Iranian Tea Research Center (ITRC) claims that Iranian tea is pesticide-free. However, there is a concern that tea farms in the foothills may be exposed to pesticide spraying from nearby citrus gardens. This study aimed to investigate the presence of the 17 organophosphorus pesticides in tea leaf samples collected from tea plantation areas in Gilan province. Sample preparation was carried out using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method, followed by the determination of pesticide concentrations using the gas chromatography (GC) method. To assess the non-carcinogenic risk associated with the consumption of black tea due to pesticide residues, we followed the guidelines provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The results were striking, revealing the presence of pesticide residues in all tested samples, raising concerns about the purity of Iranian tea. Notably, the hazard quotient (HQ) for children (<15 years old) exceeded that for adults (>15 years old). Furthermore, spring-harvested tea samples demonstrated higher HQs compared to their autumn counterparts.
The Correlation of Family Access to Clear Water with Diarrheal Disease Incidence in the Working Area of the Sumbersari Health Center, Jember Regency
Authors: Rahmawati Hanifah , Susanto Tantut , Kurdi Fahruddin , Deviantony Fitrio , Fauziah Wahyuni
Published: March 2024

Diarrhea is one of the digestive problems characterized by a decrease in fluid followed by a loss of electrolytes in the body; therefore, it requires further treatment so as not to cause more severe problems. The incidence of diarrheal disease can be influenced by optimal or inadequate access to clear water. This study aims to determine the relationship between family access to clear water and the incidence of diarrheal diseases in the working area of the Sumbersari Health Center, Jember Regency. This study was a non-experimental analytic research with a case-control design. The sample consisted of 140 participants in the case group and 140 participants in the control group, selected by the simple random sampling technique. Participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited into the study. Data collection tools included a demographic characteristics questionnaire, a questionnaire on clear water access, and a questionnaire about diarrhea disease incidence. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test (P<0.05). The results showed that most of the respondents had optimal access to clear water (31.1% in the case group and 42.9% in the control group). Diarrhea sufferers were mostly in the early adult category (21.8%). Then, there is a significant relationship between family access to clear water and the incidence of diarrheal disease in the Sumbersari Public Health Center, Jember Regency (P<0.001; OR: 0.274).
Cefixime Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Granular Ferric Oxide (GFO): Modeling and Optimization
Authors: Asadi-Ghalhari Mahdi , Ranjdoost Fatemeh , Tabatabaei Fatemeh Sadat , Mostafaloo Roqiyeh , Izanloo Hassan , Ghafouri Nasim , Omidi Oskouei Alireza , Behnamipour Somaye , Ansari Reza
Published: March 2024

In recent years, the presence of various pharmaceutical residues such as cefixime (CFX) in aquatic environments has been gaining attention due to its adverse effects on health and ecosystems. Since conventional treatment methods are unable to remove antibiotics, sustainable and efficient approaches are needed to remove these compounds from aquatic environments. In this study, granular ferric oxide (GFO) was used to remove CFX, and the experiments were designed using Design Expert software. The findings were then analyzed using ANOVA test. The results showed that the proposed regression model fit the experimental condition (R2=0.9701, R2 adjusted=0.9432, R2 predicted=0.83). Several residual plots were used to confirm the suitability of the model. The initial concentration of 1.84 mg/L, GFO dose of 3.05 mg/L, and contact time of 24.32 minutes were found to be the ideal conditions for CFX adsorption. Moreover, the findings showed that GFO can be effective in absorbing and removing CFX from aqueous environments.
Impact of an Eight-Week Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Training Program, Combined With Supplementation of the Aqueous Extract of Cynodon dactylon, on Hemorheological Indices in Young Non-athletic Men
Authors: Babaei Tekantapeh Abdollah , Zolfaghari Mohammad Reza , Khademvatani Kamal , Fattahi Amir
Published: March 2024

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in developing countries and hemorheological indices are the main factors in developing these diseases. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of eight weeks of moderate intensity aerobic training combined with supplementation of aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon L. Pers on hemorheological parameters in non-athletic young men. Methods: A total of 40 young non-athletes (with a mean age of 35.63±6.43 years and a body mass index (BMI) of 23.55±2.13 kg/m2 ) were randomly assigned to one of four groups, including control (C), aerobic exercise (E), the C. dactylon extract (CD), and aerobic exercise+C. dactylon extract (E+CD). Changes in fibrinogen, blood and plasma viscosity, and hematocrit were measured at two stages (baseline and 24 hours after the intervention ended). Results: The blood fibrinogen level in three groups of E, CD, and E+CD showed a significant decline compared to the baseline status (P<0.05). Additionally, there were significant decreases in blood viscosity levels in groups E (P=0.006), CD (P=0.048), and E+CD (P=0.001) after eight weeks of intervention. The plasma viscosity also showed a significant reduction only in group E after eight weeks of intervention (P=0.004). Moreover, hematocrit level significantly decreased in group E+CD (P=0.018). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that eight weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercises alone and in combination with the consumption of the aqueous extract of C. dactylon L. Pers could improve hemorheological indices and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Public-Private Partnerships in Mexico: Implications of Engaging With the Food and Beverage Industry for Public Health Nutrition
Authors: Carriedo Angela , Ojeda Enaí , Crosbie Eric , Mialon Mélissa
Published: March 2024

Background: In the last few years, Mexico adopted public health policies to tackle non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as front of package nutrition labelling, food marketing restrictions to children, and a soda tax. In parallel, transnational food and beverage industries (F&BIs), their allies, and the government have agreed on public-private partnerships (PPPs) to implement policies or deliver programs. However, research has questioned the benefits of PPPs and exposed its limitations as a suitable mechanism to improve public health. This study analyses how four PPPs between the Mexican government, the F&BI, and allies are working to achieve their goals. We critically assessed the objectives, scope, reported impacts, governance principles and perceived risks and benefits for the public health agenda of these PPPs. Methods: This qualitative study is based on 26 interviews with key actors, and 170 publicly available documents, including 22 obtained through freedom of information (FOI) requests related to four purposively selected PPPs aiming to improve health. Results: We found that the four PPPs studied had minimal public information available on their implementation and impact. The private partners tend to dictate the design, information management, and implementation of the programs, while promoting their brands. Few independent evaluations of the PPPs exist, and none reported on their effectiveness or public health benefits. Good governance principles, such as accountability, transparency, fairness, participation, integrity, and credibility, were barely followed in each of the cases studied. Public officials did not automatically question the conflict of interest (CoI) of such arrangements. When there were COI, the potential risks these posed did not always outweigh the financial benefits of working with the F&BI and its allies. Conclusion: The four PPPs studied produced minimal gains for public health while boosting credibility for the participating transnational F&BIs. It shows the lack of awareness of how these PPPs might be hindering public health gains.
The impact of a theory of planned behavior-based training on the behavioral intention of childless couples in Shahrekord
Authors: Raisi Dehkordi Ziba , Adib Moghaddam Elham , Babaeifar Simindokht , Delgarm Shams-Abadi Ali , Sourinejad Hadis
Published: March 2024

Background and aims: Childbearing is known to be the most critical change factor in population construction. So, the present study was conducted to investigate the impact of childbearing education based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the behavioral intention of childless couples. Methods: The present field trial was conducted on 70 childless referred to holistic health centers in Shahrekord in 2022. The study setting was selected by cluster sampling, and the participants were selected by convenience sampling. The instruments used were a checklist of demographic characteristics/childbearing and a questionnaire of childbearing intention. Both groups completed the questionnaire before, immediately, and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26. A P value<0.05 was considered a significance level. Results: At baseline, there was no significant difference in the mean scores of TPB constructs, i.e., attitude, social norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention, between the two groups (P>0.05). However, the mean scores obtained for the constructs in the intervention group immediately and one month after the intervention were significantly different from those in the control group (P<0.05). Also, the mean scores on the constructs in the intervention group increased immediately and one month after the intervention, indicating education’s impact on the childbearing intention (P<0.05). Conclusion: Training based on TPB increases the childbearing intention in childless couples; it is therefore recommended to create a social support system and design interventions with a further focus on using this model in educational programs related to population growth policies and encouraging couples to have children.
Clinical administration of cinacalcet in parathyroid diseases
Authors: Khayyat Azadeh , Esmaeil Pour Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2024

Cinacalcet has emerged as an effective therapeutic option for the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Through its modulation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), cinacalcet demonstrates considerable clinical benefits in maintaining parathyroid hormone and serum calcium levels within target ranges. It offers a valuable addition to the available treatment options for patients with these conditions. Cinacalcet binds to the CaSR on parathyroid cells, increasing its sensitivity to extracellular calcium. This results in decreased parathyroid hormone (PTH; parathormone), release through inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways involved in PTH synthesis and secretion. Cinacalcet also indirectly reduces serum calcium and phosphorus levels by suppressing PTH-mediated bone resorption and enhancing renal phosphate excretion.
On the uniqueness of a solution to the multiplicative control problem for the electron drift–diffusion model
Authors: Brizitskii R.V. , Maksimova N.N.
Published: March 2024

The multiplicative control problem for a stationary diffusion-drift model of charging a polar dielectric is studied. The role of control is played by a leading coefficient in the model equation, which has the meaning of the electron diffusion coefficient. The global solvability of the boundary value problem and the local uniqueness of its solution, as well as the solvability of the extremum problem under consideration, have been proved in the previous papers of the authors. In this paper, an optimality system is derived for the control problem and local regularity conditions for the Lagrange multiplier are established. Based on the analysis of this system, the local uniqueness of the multiplicative control problem's solution for specific cost functionals is proved.
Modeling of heat and mass transfer in the discontinuum approximation
Authors: Martynenko S.I.
Published: March 2024

The article presents a theoretical analysis of the governing equations expressing the fundamental conservation laws in the continuum and discontinuum approximations, and methods for solving problems of hydrodynamics as one of the most important subfields of continuum mechanics. This article is an attempt to more accurately describe physicochemical macro-processes. It is shown that the most suitable equations for computer modeling are the conservation laws under natural constraints on the minimum spatial and time scales, i.e., equations without partial derivatives and constraints on the solution smoothness. Using the continuity and thermal conductivity equations, a phenomenological method for constructing and numerically solving the governing equations is presented, and comparison with the traditional approach is given.