bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A practical approach to estimating the true effect of exposure despite imprecise exposure classification
Authors: Weinkam James J. , Rosenbaum Wilfred L. , Sterling Theodor D.
Published: April 2007

Accurate information on actual exposure to some possibly toxic agent usually is not available in long‐term occupational studies. Any strategy for assigning exposure levels or categories necessarily results in misclassification, where some individuals classified as exposed have no real exposure and some individuals classified as not exposed have some exposure to the agent. Both misclassification errors serve to reduce the estimate of risk associated with exposure. The question arises, “How much does the true risk depart from the observed estimate given an assumed level of misclassification?” This paper quantifies the effect of such misclassification on several forms of standardized risk ratios. Our results express the true risk as a function of the apparent risk based on imprecise exposure classification and parameters representing the proportion of each of the groups that are correctly classified. In any practical situation, the apparent risk can be computed based on whatever classification scheme is being used. On the other hand, the proportions of the imprecisely classified groups actually exposed cannot. However, the investigator may have information or may make assumptions for likely ranges of values for these proportions. Given the apparent risk, estimated true risks can be calculated and plotted or represented in tabular form as a function of the proportions of actual exposure. The resulting graph or table enables the investigator to read off the range of possible true risk values based on what he is prepared to believe or what other information indicates about the range of proportions of misclassified subjects. For instance, results for a typical value of apparent risk of 1.8 show that the true risk may be twice the apparent risk with only 23% misclassification in each exposure group. The value of the true risk that would be necessary to be consistent with a given apparent risk increases rapidly as the extent of misclassification increases. We also show that, if the extent of misclassification is large, the apparent relative risk is close to 1.0 regardless of the actual value of the true risk. Therefore, a small apparent risk does not necessarily indicate that there is no occupational hazard.
Physical activity for osteoarthritis management: A randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating hydrotherapy or Tai Chi classes
Authors: Fransen Marlene , Nairn Lillias , Winstanley Julie , Lam Paul , Edmonds John
Published: April 2007

Objective

To determine whether Tai Chi or hydrotherapy classes for individuals with chronic symptomatic hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA) result in measurable clinical benefits.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 152 older persons with chronic symptomatic hip or knee OA. Participants were randomly allocated for 12 weeks to hydrotherapy classes (n = 55), Tai Chi classes (n = 56), or a waiting list control group (n = 41). Outcomes were assessed 12 and 24 weeks after randomization and included pain and physical function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index), general health status (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 12 Health Survey [SF‐12], version 2), psychological well‐being, and physical performance (Up and Go test, 50‐foot walk time, timed stair climb).

Results

At 12 weeks, compared with controls, participants allocated to hydrotherapy classes demonstrated mean improvements (95% confidence interval) of 6.5 (0.4, 12.7) and 10.5 (3.6, 14.5) for pain and physical function scores (range 0–100), respectively, whereas participants allocated to Tai Chi classes demonstrated improvements of 5.2 (−0.8, 11.1) and 9.7 (2.8, 16.7), respectively. Both class allocations achieved significant improvements in the SF‐12 physical component summary score, but only allocation to hydrotherapy achieved significant improvements in the physical performance measures. All significant improvements were sustained at 24 weeks. In this almost exclusively white sample, class attendance was higher for hydrotherapy, with 81% attending at least half of the available 24 classes, compared with 61% for Tai Chi.

Conclusion

Access to either hydrotherapy or Tai Chi classes can provide large and sustained improvements in physical function for many older, sedentary individuals with chronic hip or knee OA.
Effect of gender on the pharmacokinetics of eslicarbazepine acetate (BIA 2‐093), a new voltage‐gated sodium channel blocker
Authors: Falcão Amílcar , Maia Joana , Almeida Luis , Mazur Dago , Gellert Manfred , Soares‐da‐Silva Patrício
Published: April 2007

Purpose. To determine the effect of gender on the pharmacokinetics of eslicarbazepine acetate, a novel voltage‐gated sodium channel blocker in the development for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder.

Methods. Single‐centre, open‐label, parallel‐group study in 12 female and 12 male healthy subjects. The study consisted of a single‐dose (600 mg) period and a multiple‐dose (600 mg, once‐daily, for 8 days) period, separated by 4 days.

Results. Eslicarbazepine acetate was rapidly and extensively metabolized to eslicarbazepine (S‐licarbazepine), the main active metabolite. Following a single‐dose, arithmetic mean eslicarbazepine maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve over 24 h (AUC0−24) and from 0 to infinity (AUC0−∞) were, respectively, 9.3 µg/ml, 128.5 µg h/ml and 171.9 µg h/ml in male subjects and 10.1 µg/ml, 150.1 µg h/ml and 205.0 µg h/ml in female subjects. At steady‐state, Cmax, AUC0−24 and AUC0−∞ were 15.5 µg/ml, 207.8 µg h/ml and 295.8 µg h/ml in male subjects, and 16.8 µg/ml, 214.5 µg h/ml and 295.2 µg h/ml in female subjects. Steady‐state plasma concentrations were attained at 4 to 5 days of administration in both groups.

Eslicarbazepine Cmax, AUC0−24 and AUC0−∞ female:male geometric mean ratios (90%CI) were, respectively, 1.09 (0.94; 1.24), 1.16 (1.00; 1.33) and 1.17 (0.99; 1.38) following single‐dose, and 1.10 (0.97; 1.25), 1.04 (0.92; 1.17) and 1.01 (0.88; 1.16) at steady‐state.

Conclusion. At steady‐state, the pharmacokinetic profile of eslicarbazepine acetate was not affected by gender. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐throughput staining for the evaluation of fetal skeletal development in rats and rabbits
Authors: Redfern Brian G. , Wise L. David
Published: April 2007

Typical developmental toxicity studies require the assessment of fetal skeletal development. Regulatory guidelines require the assessment of bone ossification and indicate preferences for an assessment of both ossified bone as well as cartilaginous elements. Current manual methods to process fetuses for skeletal examination, whether single or double staining, are laborious and time consuming, and ultimately extend the time before study interpretations. There is a definite need for a quick and efficient, yet reliable, procedure to generate stained fetal skeletons for analysis. A non‐automated high‐throughput method for single and double staining rat and rabbit fetuses for skeletal evaluations is described, which results in excellent quality specimens ready for evaluations in approximately 3 days for rats and 7 days for rabbits. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein recognition motifs: Design of peptidomimetics of helix surfaces
Authors: Che Ye , Brooks Bernard R. , Marshall Garland R.
Published: April 2007

Helices represent one of the most common recognition motifs in proteins. The design of nonpeptidic scaffolds, such as the 3,2′,2″‐tris‐substituted terphenyl, that can imitate the side‐chain orientation along one face of an α‐helix potentially provides an effective means to modulate helix‐recognition functions. Here, based on theoretical arguments, we described novel α‐helix mimetics which are more effective than the terphenyl at constraining the aryl–aryl torsion angles to those associated with structures suitable for mimicking the α‐helical twist for side‐chain orientation and for superimposing the side chains of residues i, i + 3 or i + 4, i + 7 when compared with the α–β side‐chain vectors of the regular α‐helix with an improved root mean square deviation (RMSD) of approximately 0.5 Å. In addition, this study suggests that rotamer distributions around the CαCβ bonds of these helix mimetics are similar to those of α‐helices, except that these rotamer distributions show an approximately 60° shift compared to those of α‐helices when the mimetic axis is superimposed upon the helix axis. This change in rotamer orientation complicates mimicry of the helix surface. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 86: 288–297, 2007.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Hypnotizability and imagery modality preference: Do highs and lows live in the same world?
Authors: Carli Giancarlo , Cavallaro Francesca I. , Santarcangelo Enrica L.
Published: April 2007

Imagery plays an important role in hypnotic phenomena. Recent findings have shown, however, that hypnotized subjects with high (Highs) and low (Lows) susceptibility to hypnosis undergoing guided imagery tasks centred on specific sensory modalities share similar visual imagery ability, but Highs obtain better imagery than Lows when tactile instructions are given. The aim of this experiment was to confirm this finding using instructions of globally reduced perception instead of suggestions centred on specific sensory modalities, assuming that the preferred imagery modality would be the least easily suppressed. Changes in body sway (that are sensitive to cognitive activity because postural control requires attention) were used as indices of possible differences in the cognitive task load in Highs and Lows. The results confirmed the hypothesis that Highs and Lows differ in their preferred imagery modalities, and showed that Highs' body sway was not modified by the simultaneous imagery of globally reduced perception, while Lows increased their sway while perceiving the decreased sensory availability. The Discussion focuses on the similar networks involved in imagery and perception and on possible differences between Highs and Lows in the mechanisms of imagery/perception and sensory‐motor integration. Copyright © 2007 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sandwich‐Like Compounds Based on the All‐Metal Aromatic Unit Al42‐ and the Main‐Group Metals M (M: Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca)
Authors: Yang Li‐Ming , Ding Yi‐Hong , Sun Chia‐Chung
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
On the Ternary Laves Phases {Sc,Ti}2M3Si (M: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) with MgZn2‐Type.
Authors: Yan X. L. , Chen Xing‐Qiu , Grytsiv A. , Witusiewicz V. T. , Rogl P. , Podloucky R. , Giester G.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural Investigation of ScAuSi and ScAuGe Using 45Sc Solid State NMR.
Authors: Sebastian C. Peter , Zhang Long , Eckert Hellmut , Poettgen Rainer
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural and Electrical Properties of TlGa(SxSe1‐x)2 Mixed Crystals.
Authors: Karabulut O. , Parlak M. , Mamedov G. M.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mixed Alkaline Earth Trielides AIIM1xIIIM22‐xIII (AII: Ca, Sr, Ba; MIII: Al, Ga, In). A Structural and Theoretical Study.
Authors: Harms Wiebke , Wendorff Marco , Roehr Caroline
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Na3[Ti2P2O10F]: A New Oxyfluorinated Titanium Phosphate with an Ionic Conductive Property.
Authors: Yang Sihai , Li Guobao , You Liping , Tao Julian , Loong Chun‐K. , Tian Shujian , Liao Fuhui , Lin Jianhua
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reuse of Chiral Cationic Pd—Phosphinooxazolidine Catalysts in Ionic Liquids: Highly Efficient Catalytic Asymmetric Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Takahashi Kouichi , Nakano Hiroto , Fujita Reiko
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Macroporous Polystyrene‐Supported (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene: An Efficient Heterogeneous Oxidizing Reagent.
Authors: Shang Yongjia , But Tracy Yuen Sze , Togo Hideo , Toy Patrick H.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Activated Pyridinium‐Tagged Ruthenium Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for Ring‐Closing Metathesis.
Authors: Rix Diane , Clavier Herve , Coutard Yann , Gulajski Lukasz , Grela Karol , Mauduit Marc
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ring Closing Metathesis of α‐ and β‐Amino Acid Derived Dienes.
Authors: Gardiner James , Aitken Steven G. , McNabb Stephen B. , Zaman Shazia , Abell Andrew D.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthetic Method for β‐Enamino Esters Catalyzed by Yb(OTf)3 under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Varala Ravi , Nuvula Sreelatha , Adapa Srinivas R.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Models for the Reactive States of Homocuprates: Syntheses, Structures and Reactivities of [Cu2Li2Mes4] and [Cu3LiMes4].
Authors: Davies Robert P. , Hornauer Stefan , White Andrew J. P.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Medium Sized Rings from the Cycloadducts of 3,5‐Dibromo‐2‐pyrone via a Radical Mediated Fragmentation Reaction.
Authors: Choi Jae‐Hee , Shin In‐Ji , Choi Eun‐Sil , Cho Cheon‐Gyu
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of Arenes with Iodine in the Presence of Potassium Peroxodisulfate in Trifluoroacetic Acid. Direct and Simple Synthesis of Diaryliodonium Triflates.
Authors: Hossain Md. Delwar , Ikegami Yasuyuki , Kitamura Tsugio
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Two‐Step Synthesis of 4‐Vinylphenols from 4‐Hydroxy Substituted Benzaldehydes under Microwave Irradiation: A New Perspective on the Classical Knoevenagel—Doebner Reaction.
Authors: Sinha Arun K. , Sharma Anuj , Joshi Bhupendra P.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Synthesis of 2,5‐Diamino‐1,4‐benzoquinone
Authors: Mereyala Hari Babu , Chary Mahankhali Venu , Kantevari Srinivas
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iron(II) Complexes Bearing Tridentate PNP Pincer‐Type Ligands as Catalysts for the Selective Formation of 3‐Hydroxyacrylates from Aromatic Aldehydes and Ethyldiazoacetate.
Authors: Benito‐Garagorri David , Wiedermann Julia , Pollak Martin , Mereiter Kurt , Kirchner Karl
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Strecker Reaction of Ketoimines Catalyzed by a Novel Chiral Bifunctional N,N′‐Dioxide.
Authors: Huang Xiao , Huang Jinglun , Wen Yuehong , Feng Xiaoming
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Introducing Difluoromethylene Sulfonamide Group via Nucleophilic Addition of Difluoromethylene Anion with Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Li Jun‐Li , Liu Jin‐Tao
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Thioallylation of Alkynes with Allyl Phenyl Sulfides.
Authors: Hua Ruimao , Takeda Hideaki , Onozawa Shun‐ya , Abe Yoshimoto , Tanaka Masato
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of exo‐Methylenecyclopentane Derivatives via Radical Cyclization Starting from the Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Gowrisankar Saravanan , Lee Hyun Seung , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of ortho‐Substituted Biaryls by the Suzuki Cross‐Coupling: Triphenylphosphine Adduct of Cyclopalladated Ferrocenylimine.
Authors: Li Hong , Wu Yangjie , Yan Weibo
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation Reactions with Aziridine and Azetidine.
Authors: Witulski Bernhard , Senft Stefan , Bonet Jordi , Jost Oliver
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Halocyclization of 2‐Alkynylthioanisoles by Cupric Halides: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 3‐Halobenzo[b]thiophenes.
Authors: Lu Wen‐Der , Wu Ming‐Jung
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Domino Heck—Cyanation Sequence: Development and Application to the Total Synthesis of Esermethole and Physostigmine.
Authors: Pinto Artur , Jia Yanxing , Neuville Luc , Zhu Jieping
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of Allenylmagnesium and Allenylindium Bromides with Nitrile Oxides: Synthesis of Novel 5‐Butynyl‐ and 5‐Methylisoxazoles.
Authors: Kumar H. M. Sampath , Singh Parvinder Pal , Shafi Syed , Reddy Pitta Bhaskar , Shravankumar Kankala , Reddy Doma Mahender
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Partition Coefficient and Antibacterial Activity of 3′‐Aryl‐6′‐phenyl(substituted)‐cis‐5′a,6′‐dihydrospiro [3H‐indole‐3,4′‐thiozolo(5′,1′‐c)‐isoxazolo‐2‐(1H)‐ones].
Authors: Sahu S. K. , Mishra S. K. , Banerjee M. , Panda P. K. , Misro P. K.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bisoxazoline—Lewis Acid Catalyzed Direct‐Electron Demand oxo‐Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions of N‐Oxy‐pyridine Aldehyde and Ketone Derivatives.
Authors: Landa Aitor , Richter Bo , Johansen Rasmus Lyng , Minkkilae Anna , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
BF3×OEt2‐Mediated C—C Bond‐Forming Reaction of α‐Hydroxyketene‐(S,S)‐acetals with Active Methylene Compounds and Its Application in the Synthesis of Substituted 3,4‐Dihydro‐2‐pyridones.
Authors: Liu Jun , Liang Fushun , Liu Qun , Li Bing
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ru/C‐Catalyzed Carbonylation at ortho‐C—H Bonds in 2‐Phenylpyridines.
Authors: Imoto Shinya , Uemura Takeshi , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi , Chatani Naoto
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Sequential Transformations: Straightforward Preparation of Functional Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Vohra Ramandeep Kaur , Bruneau Christian , Renaud Jean‐Luc
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Application of 2,2,2‐Trichloroethoxycarbonyl Protection to Aminoacridines.
Authors: Zeghida Walid , Demeunynck Martine
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of 2,3‐Dioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoxalines.
Authors: Vlaskina A. V. , Perevalov V. P.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Vinylic (Z)‐vic‐Bis(arylchalcogenides).
Authors: Silveira Claudio C. , Cella Rodrigo , Vieira Adriano S.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Total Synthesis of Tubulysin D (I).
Authors: Peltier Hillary M. , McMahon Jeffrey P. , Patterson Andrew W. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lycovatine A, a C16N‐Type Quaternary Alkaloid from Lycopodium clavatum var. robustum.
Authors: Kubota Takaaki , Sunaura Tomoe , Morita Hiroshi , Mikami Yuzuru , Hoshino Tomohiro , Obara Yutaro , Nakahata Norimichi , Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis, Structure Revision, and Absolute Configuration of (‐)‐Brevenal.
Authors: Fuwa Haruhiko , Ebine Makoto , Bourdelais Andrea J. , Baden Daniel G. , Sasaki Makoto
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Naked Eye Fluoride Ion Chemosensors with Anthraquinone Derivatives.
Authors: Cho Eun Jin , Yeo Hyoung Min , Ryu Byung Ju , Jeong Hyun Ah , Nam Kye Chun
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Piperazinylalkylisoxazoline Analogues and Their Binding Affinities for Dopamine Receptor Subtypes.
Authors: Jung Ji Young , Jung Sun Ho , Koh Hun Yeong , Pae Ae Nim , Park Woo‐Kyu , Kong Jae Yang
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dynamic Stereochemical Rearrangements in Chiral Organometallic Complexes
Authors: Heard Peter J.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Poly(mercaptoimidazolyl)borate Complexes of Cadmium and Mercury
Authors: Rabinovich Daniel
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Methods for the Construction of [1,2]Isoindolo‐Condensed Benzazepines, Benzazocines, Quinolines, and Isoquinolines. Part 2. Isoindoloquinolines, Isoindoloisoquinolines
Authors: Boltukhina E. V. , Zubkov F. I. , Varlamov A. V.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microporous Organic Materials from Hydrophobic Dipeptides
Authors: Goerbitz Carl Henrik
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Elemental Fluorine in Organic Chemistry (1997—2006)
Authors: Sandford Graham
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Strategies to Immobilize Well‐Defined Olefin Metathesis Catalysts: Supported Homogeneous Catalysis vs. Surface Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Coperet C. , Basset J.‐M.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Advances in Development of Dopaminergic Aporphinoids
Authors: Zhang Ao , Zhang Yi , Branfman Alan R. , Baldessarini Ross J. , Neumeyer John L.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in the Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Wolfe John P. , Hay Michael B.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Formation of Five‐ and Six‐Membered Heterocyclic Rings under Radical Cyclization Conditions
Authors: Majumdar Krishna C. , Basu Pradipta K. , Chattopadhyay Sudip K.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrophilic Reactions of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Borodkin G. I. , Shubin V. G.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Reactivity of 7‐Azaindole (1H‐Pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridine)
Authors: Popowycz Florence , Routier Sylvain , Joseph Benoit , Merour Jean‐Yves
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
2005 Alfred Bader Award Lecture Diaminopimelate and Lysine Biosynthesis — An Antimicrobial Target in Bacteria
Authors: Vederas John C.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Design of Inhibitors for Medicinally Relevant Metalloproteins
Authors: Jacobsen Faith E. , Lewis Jana A. , Cohen Seth M.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regulation of G Protein‐Coupled Receptor Function by Its Binding Proteins
Authors: Nakahata Norimichi , Saito Masaki
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Role of Therapeutics for Allergic Diseases in Targeting Histamine H1 Receptor Gene Expression
Authors: Fukui Hiroyuki
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Optimization of Cancer Immunotherapy by Controlling Immune Cell Trafficking and Biodistribution
Authors: Okada Naoki , Nakagawa Shinsaku
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Prognostic value of the computerized ECG in Hispanics
Authors: Perez M. V. , Yaw T. S. , Myers J. , Froelicher V. F.
Published: April 2007

Background

The prevalence and prognostic values of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities in Hispanics have not been compared to other ethnicities in a large population. Despite a worse cardiovascular risk profile, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is lower in Hispanics compared to non‐Hispanics.

Hypothesis

We hypothesized that ECG abnormalities were less common in Hispanics and were not as strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality.

Methods

45,563 ECGs ordered for usual clinical indications in a Veteran's hospital were available for analysis. 1,392 patients who died within one week of the ECG were excluded. Demographic characteristics were recorded and the population was followed for an average of 7.5 years using the California Death Index. The presence of baseline ECG characteristics were recorded and analyzed using the GE/Marquette computerized ECG system. Age, sex and heart rate adjusted Cox hazard ratio analyses were performed.

Results

Being Hispanic was associated with lower cardiovascular death, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.76 (95% CI 0.65–0.89). Findings such as atrial fibrillation, presence of Q‐waves, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), upright T‐waves in aortic valve replacement (aVR) and cardiac Infarction Injury Scores > 6 were significantly less prevalent in Hispanics than in non‐Hispanics. These findings were similarly associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in both groups, each with a HR of approximately 2.

Conclusion

The lower prevalence of ECG characteristics associated with coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation and left ventricular hypertrophy support prior observations that cardiovascular disease is less prevalent in the Hispanic population. These findings, however, are similarly associated with increased mortality compared to non‐Hispanics. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetohydrodynamics in laser fusion: Fluid modeling of energy transport in laser targets
Authors: Brackbill J. U. , Goldman S. R.
Published: April 2007

Fluid models for two‐dimensional, electron energy transport are examined. It is shown that enhanced lateral transport due to particle drifts in self‐generated magnetic fields occurs when certain transport terms are flux‐limited by artificially enhancing collisions. With flux limiting, fluid models reproduce the essential features of numerical simulations of transport in CO2 laser target experiments.
The grad limit for a system of soft spheres
Authors: Cercignani Carlo
Published: April 2007

A model describing the dynamics of a system of soft spheres is introduced. The model contains a random mechanism which mollifies the deterministic model of hard sphere molecules. It allows a rigorous deduction of the corresponding Boltzmann equation for a wide class of initial data and arbitrarily long times.
The small dispersion limit of the korteweg‐de vries equation. ii
Authors: Lax Peter D. , Levermore C. David
Published: April 2007

In Part I* we have shown, see Theorem 2.10, that as the coefficient of uxxx tends to zero, the solution of the initial value problem for the KdV equation tends to a limit u in the distribution sense. We have expressed u by formula (3.59), where ψx is the partial derivative with respect to x of the function ψ* defined in Theorem 3.9 as the solution of the variational problem formulated in (2.16), (2.17). ψ* is uniquely characterized by the variational condition (3.34); its partial derivatives satisfy (3.51) and (3.52), where I is the set Io defined in (3.36). In Section 4 we show that for t<tb, I consists of a single interval, and the u satisfies ut — 6uux = 0; here tb is the largest time interval in which (12) has a continuous solution. In Section 5 we show that when I consists of a finite number of intervals, u can be described by Whitham's averaged equation or by the multiphased averaged equations of Flaschka, Forest, and McLaughlin. Equation numbers refer to Part I.
Sharkovskii's order for the appearance of superstable cycles in one‐parameter families of simple real maps: An elementary proof
Authors: Arneodo A. , Ferrero P. , Tresser C.
Published: April 2007

We give an elementary proof of a theorem “à la Sharkovskii” which orders, according to the period, the first occurrence of superstable cycles in some one‐parameter families of endomorphisms of the real line.
Morse‐type index theory for flows and periodic solutions for Hamiltonian Equations
Authors: Conley Charles , Zehnder Eduard
Published: April 2007

An index theory for flows is presented which extends the classical Morse theory for gradient flows on compact manifolds. The theory is used to prove a Morse‐type existence statement for periodic solutions of a time‐dependent (periodic in time) and asymptotically linear Hamiltonian equation.
Instability of difference models for hyperbolic initial boundary value problems
Authors: Trefethen Lloyd N.
Published: April 2007

A th00 eory of instability is presented for finite difference models of linear hyperbolic partial differential equations in one space dimension with a boundary. According to this theory, instability is caused by spurious radiation of wave energy from the boundary at a numerical group velocity C ≥ 0. To make this point of view precise, we first develop a rigorous description of group velocity for difference schemes and of reflection of waves at boundaries. From these results we then obtain lower bounds for growth rates of unstable finite difference solution operators in l2 norms, which extend earlier results due to Osher and to Gustafsson, Kreiss, and Sundström. In particular we investigate l2‐instability with respect to both initial and boundary data and show how they are affected by (a) finite versus infinite reflection coefficients and (b) wave radiation with C = 0 versus C > 0.
Nonlinear elliptic systems with certain unbounded coefficients
Authors: Smith P. D. , Stredulinsky E. W.
Published: April 2007

We consider nonlinear systems of the form magnified image Under suitable assumptions, Hölder continuity of weak solutions is proven in a neighborhood of the origin using weighted inequalities and a partial regularity method of M. Giaquinta and E. Giusti. These equations relate to an exterior flow problem in physics.
Asymptotic behavior of the solutions of certain parabolic equations
Authors: Lortz Dietrich , Meyer‐Spasche Rita , Stredulinsky Edward W.
Published: April 2007

Some laws in physics describe the change of a flux and are represented by parabolic equations of the form (*) \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\frac{{\partial u}}{{\partial t}}=\frac{\partial}{{\partial x_j }}(\eta \frac{{\partial u}}{{ax_j}}-vju),$$\end{document} j≤m, where η and vj are functions of both space and time. We show under quite general assumptions that the solutions of equation (*) with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions and initial condition u(x, 0) = uo(x) satisfy

The decay rate d > 0 only depends on bounds for η, v and G § Rm the spatial domain, while the constant c depends additionally on which norm is considered. For the solutions of equation (*) with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions and initial condition u0(x) ≥ 0 we derive bounds

d1u1 ≤ u(x, t) ≤ d2u2,

Where di, i = 1, 2, depend on bounds for η, v and G, and the ui are bounds on the initial condition u0.
Numerical simulation of singular solutions to the two‐dimensional cubic schrödinger equation
Authors: Sulem P. L. , Sulem C. , Patera A.
Published: April 2007

Numerical simulations of the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation are presented in dimension N = 2. The emphasis is on a detailed mechanism of blow up. The numerical results indicate that the blow up is not restricted to the case where the problem is posed in the entire R2‐space but also occurs with periodic boundary conditions. The structure of the solution as the singular time t* is approached has been investigated using examples with and without radial symmetry and/or periodicity. In most cases we observe that the amplitude develops something like the peaked self‐similar profile predicted by Zakharov and Synakh [38] which has a (t*‐t)‐2/3 maximum amplitude and a (t*‐t)2/3 width.
The zero dispersion limit of the korteweg‐de vries equation for initial potentials with non‐trivial reflection coefficient
Authors: Venakides Stephanos
Published: April 2007

The inverse scattering method is used to determine the distribution limit as ϵ → 0 of the solution u(x, t, ϵ) of the initial value problem.

Ut − 6uux + ϵ2uxxx = 0, u(x, 0) = v(x), where v(x) is a positive bump which decays sufficiently fast as x x→±α. The case v(x) ≪ 0 has been solved by Peter D. Lax and C. David Levermore [8], [9], [10].

The computation of the distribution limit of u(x, t, ϵ) as ϵ → 0 is reduced to a quadratic maximization problem, which is then solved.
Global existence for a nonlinear theory of bubbly liquids
Authors: Caflisch Russel E.
Published: April 2007

Global existence of smooth solutions is proved for an effective theory of bubbly liquids for either the initial value problem or initial boundary value problem in one dimension. This shows that the theory does not describe shock waves or bubble collapse. Since the analysis is not for the steady boundary value problem, there is no discussion of resonance. The proof uses a semilinear form of the equations to get local existence. A priori bounds resulting from energy conservation and a nonlinear Gronwall‐like inequality are then derived to prove global existence.
A theorem of real analysis and its application to free boundary problems
Authors: Athanasopoulos Ioannis , Caffarelli Luis A.
Published: April 2007

In this note we show how comparison theorems for solutions to equations with non‐smooth coefficients yield in a very simple fashion some free boundary regularity theorems in cases where there is a priori geometrical information, for instance, when one knows that the solution, u, is monotone in some given direction.
Sojourns above a high level for a gaussian process with a point of maximum variance
Authors: Berman Simeon M.
Published: April 2007

Let X(t), 0≦t≦ 1, be a measurable Gaussian process with mean 0 and variance σ2(t) = EX2(t). Suppose that σ2(t) assumes a unique maximum value σ2 at a point τ [0,1]. Define Lu = mes(t: 0≦t≦1, X(t)>)Under appropriate conditions, there exists a function fσ(u) such that fσ(u) → ∞ for u ∞, and magnified image The function fσ and the constant δ > 0 are determined by the behavior of the function R(x) = mes(t: 0 ≦ t ≦ 1, σ2 ‐ σ2(t) ≦ x) for x > 0.
The half‐space problem for the boltzmann equation at zero temperature
Authors: Caflisch Russel E.
Published: April 2007

At zero temperature the Maxwellian distribution is a delta function of velocity. In this paper the Boltzmann equation is linearized around a delta function and then analyzed by a comparison method. Using these results and similar bounds for the nonlinear collision operator, a nonlinear boundary value problem at zero temperature is solved. The results are applied to the asymptotic description at the cold end of the shock profile at infinite Mach number. All solutions F are assumed to have the form F(x, ξ) = (1 ‐ a(x))δ(ξ) + f(x, ξ) in which a and f are regular functions.
Asymptotics of particle trajectories in infinite one‐dimensional systems with collisions
Authors: Dürr Detlef , Goldstein Sheldon , Lebowitz Joel L.
Published: April 2007

We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the trajectories of a tagged particle (tp) in an infinite one‐dimensional system of point particles. The particles move independently when not in contact: the only interactions are Harris type generalized elastic collisions which prevent crossings. This is achieved by relabeling the independent trajectories when they cross. When these trajectories are differentiable, as in particles with velocities undergoing Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck processes, collisions correspond to exchange of velocities.

We prove very generally that the suitably scaled tp trajectory converges (weakly) to a simple Gaussian process. This extends the results of Spitzer for New tonian particles to very general non‐crossing processes. The proof is based on the consideration of the simpler process which counts the crossings of the origin by the independent trajectories.
Determining conductivity by boundary measurements II. Interior results
Authors: Kohn R. V. , Vogelius M.
Published: April 2007

In a recent paper [6] we showed that an unknown real‐analytic conductivity γ may be determined from static boundary measurements. Here we extend this analysis by demonstrating that a similar result holds for piecewise real‐analytic conductivities. In addition, for the special case of a layered structure we show that a three times continuously differentiable conductivity is identifiable by boundary measurements.
Polynomial realization of pseudoline arrangements
Authors: Goodman Jacob E. , Pollack Richard
Published: April 2007

An arrangement of pseudolines is called d‐stretchable if it is isomorphic to an arrangement of graphs of polynomial functions, each of degree at most d; in particular, it is 1‐stretchable (classically: “stretchable”) if and only if it is isomorphic to an arrangement of lines. We show that (i) if every arrangement of n pseudolines is d‐stretchable, then d ≦ cn1/2, and (ii) every arrangement of n pseudolines is d‐stretchable with d = cn2.
The limiting angle of certain riemannian brownian motions
Authors: Hsu Pei , March Peter
Published: April 2007

LetMbe a Cartan‐Hadamard manifold of dimensiond≧ 3, letpϵMandx= exp {r(x)θ(x)} be geodesic polar coordinates with polepand letXbe the Brownian motion onM. Let SectM(x) denote the sectional curvature of any plane section inMx. We prove that for eachc> 2, there is a 0 < β < 1 such that if ‐L2r(x)2β≦ SectM(x) ≦ ‐cr(x)−2for allxin the complement of a compact set, then limt → ∞θ(Xt) exists a.s. and defines a nontrivial invariant random variable. The Dirichlet problem at infinity and a conjecture of Greene and Wu are also discussed.
Parallel algorithms for elliptic equations
Authors: McBryan Oliver A. , Van De Velde Eric F.
Published: April 2007

We describe a number of parallel algorithms for the numerical solution of elliptic equations and present some implementations on the Denelcor HEP Parallel Processor.

The equations we study, typical of those encountered in a range of fluid pressure equations, are of the form magnified image where the coefficient tensor may represent a density, permeability or dielectric constant. We allow the possibility of discontinuities in , and of line and point sources in F. The equations are discretized using finite elements, with orders ranging from linear to bicubic.

We use a tree of increasingly fine grids to achieve parallelism in the course of mesh refinement. We use conjugate gradient methods as well as multigrid methods to solve the resulting algebraic equations within each subgrid. We describe the implementation of these methods as parallel algorithms, and present results of actual performance on the HEP computer. In each case we demonstrate near optimal performance on the HEP, as measured by speedup over the corresponding serial algorithm.

We would like to thank both Argonne National Laboratory and Ballistic Research Laboratory for allowing us access to their HEP computers. The operations staffs at both sites gave us unstintingly of their time, even when called on after hours. This research, on an, at times, quite temperamental machine, would never have been completed without their help. We would also like to thank Argonne National Laboratory for the excellent two‐day HEP introduction provided us prior to the start of this research. Finally, we wish to thank E. Lusk and R. Overbeek for providing us with copies of their HEP macros.
Optimal random coding
Authors: Peskin Charles S.
Published: April 2007

We consider a stochastic method for representing a real number x by a finite sequence of bits. The method is symmetrical with respect to interchange of the bits: it is characterized by a single function p(x) which gives the probability that any particular bit is on as a function of the real number x that is being encoded. We then consider the problem of reconstructing x from its representation. In the limiting case in which the number of bits is large, we determine the function p(x) that minimizes the expected k‐th power of the absolute error in this reconstruction. The optimal choice of p(x) is independent of k.