bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A somato-cognitive action network alternates with effector regions in motor cortex
Authors: Gordon Evan M. , Chauvin Roselyne J. , Van Andrew N. , Rajesh Aishwarya , Nielsen Ashley , Newbold Dillan J. , Lynch Charles J. , Seider Nicole A. , Krimmel Samuel R. , Scheidter Kristen M. , Monk Julia , Miller Ryland L. , Metoki Athanasia , Montez David F. , Zheng Annie , Elbau Immanuel , Madison Thomas , Nishino Tomoyuki , Myers Michael J. , Kaplan Sydney , Badke D’Andrea Carolina , Demeter Damion V. , Feigelis Matthew , Ramirez Julian S. B. , Xu Ting , Barch Deanna M. , Smyser Christopher D. , Rogers Cynthia E. , Zimmermann Jan , Botteron Kelly N. , Pruett John R. , Willie Jon T. , Brunner Peter , Shimony Joshua S. , Kay Benjamin P. , Marek Scott , Norris Scott A. , Gratton Caterina , Sylvester Chad M. , Power Jonathan D. , Liston Conor , Greene Deanna J. , Roland Jarod L. , Petersen Steven E. , Raichle Marcus E. , Laumann Timothy O. , Fair Damien A. , Dosenbach Nico U. F.
Published: April 2023

Motor cortex (M1) has been thought to form a continuous somatotopic homunculus extending down the precentral gyrus from foot to face representations1,2, despite evidence for concentric functional zones3 and maps of complex actions4. Here, using precision functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods, we find that the classic homunculus is interrupted by regions with distinct connectivity, structure and function, alternating with effector-specific (foot, hand and mouth) areas. These inter-effector regions exhibit decreased cortical thickness and strong functional connectivity to each other, as well as to the cingulo-opercular network (CON), critical for action5 and physiological control6, arousal7, errors8 and pain9. This interdigitation of action control-linked and motor effector regions was verified in the three largest fMRI datasets. Macaque and pediatric (newborn, infant and child) precision fMRI suggested cross-species homologues and developmental precursors of the inter-effector system. A battery of motor and action fMRI tasks documented concentric effector somatotopies, separated by the CON-linked inter-effector regions. The inter-effectors lacked movement specificity and co-activated during action planning (coordination of hands and feet) and axial body movement (such as of the abdomen or eyebrows). These results, together with previous studies demonstrating stimulation-evoked complex actions4 and connectivity to internal organs10 such as the adrenal medulla, suggest that M1 is punctuated by a system for whole-body action planning, the somato-cognitive action network (SCAN). In M1, two parallel systems intertwine, forming an integrate–isolate pattern: effector-specific regions (foot, hand and mouth) for isolating fine motor control and the SCAN for integrating goals, physiology and body movement.
A novel immune score model predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy response of breast cancer
Authors: Lv Wenchang , He Xiao , Wang Yichen , Zhao Chongru , Dong Menglu , Wu Yiping , Zhang Qi
Published: April 2023

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies. However, the existing pathological grading system cannot accurately and effectively predict the survival rate and immune checkpoint treatment response of BC patients. In this study, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, a total of 7 immune-related genes (IRGs) were screened out to construct a prognostic model. Subsequently, the clinical prognosis, pathological characteristics, cancer-immunity cycle, tumour immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response were compared between the high- and low-risk groups. In addition, we determined the potential regulatory effect of NPR3 on BC cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. The model consisting of 7 IRGs was an independent prognostic factor. Patients with lower risk scores exhibited longer survival times. Moreover, the expression of NPR3 was increased but the expression of PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 was decreased in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group. In addition, compared with si-NC, si-NPR3 suppressed proliferation and migration but promoted apoptosis in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. This study presents a model for predicting survival outcomes and provides a strategy to guide effective personalized immunotherapy in BC patients.
Development of a lab-device for evaporation-free supply of pure liquid nitrogen for droplet- and jet-generation
Authors: Schremb Markus , Kalter Marijn , Vanapalli Srinivas
Published: April 2023

Cryogenic liquids such as liquid nitrogen are of relevance for numerous processes in engineering, and the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, as a result of its strong evaporation at ambient conditions, its handling for laboratory purposes and experimentation is so far cumbersome. In the present work an original design approach for a supply device for liquid nitrogen is developed and characterized in detail. With the device pure liquid nitrogen is supplied from a pressurized dewar flask to a hypodermic needle without contamination of the liquid with its own vapor or frost, finally enabling to generate a free liquid jet or single droplets in a way comparable to the handling of non-cryogenic liquids using a syringe and a hypodermic needle. Compared to previous approaches for the generation of liquid nitrogen droplets in scientific studies which mostly rely on a reservoir for liquid nitrogen from which droplets form at a bottom outlet due to gravity, the present design allows generation of droplets and free liquid jets in a significantly better controlled and more flexible way. The device is experimentally characterized for varying operational conditions during generation of a free liquid jet, and its versatility for laboratory research purposes is further briefly demonstrated.
Co-administration with A1M does not influence apoptotic response of 177Lu-octreotate in GOT1 neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Rassol Nishte , Andersson Charlotte , Pettersson Daniella , Al-Awar Amin , Shubbar Emman , Kovács Anikó , Åkerström Bo , Gram Magnus , Helou Khalil , Forssell-Aronsson Eva
Published: April 2023

Recombinant α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a proposed radioprotector during 177Lu-octreotate therapy of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). To ensure a maintained therapeutic effect, we previously demonstrated that A1M does not affect the 177Lu-octreotate induced decrease in GOT1 tumor volume. However, the underlying biological events of these findings are still unknown. The aim of this work was to examine the regulation of apoptosis-related genes in GOT1 tumors short-time after i.v. administration of 177Lu-octreotate with and without A1M or A1M alone. Human GOT1 tumor-bearing mice received 30 MBq 177Lu-octreotate or 5 mg/kg A1M or co-treatment with both. Animals were sacrificed after 1 or 7 days. Gene expression analysis of apoptosis-related genes in GOT1 tissue was performed with RT-PCR. In general, similar expression patterns of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes were found after 177Lu-octreotate exposure with or without co-administration of A1M. The highest regulated genes in both irradiated groups compared to untreated controls were FAS and TNFSFRS10B. Administration of A1M alone only resulted in significantly regulated genes after 7 days. Co-administration of A1M did not negatively affect the transcriptional apoptotic response of 177Lu-octreotate in GOT1 tumors.
The impact of pharmaceutical form and simulated side effects in an open-label-placebo RCT for improving psychological distress in highly stressed students
Authors: Winkler Alexander , Hahn Alannah , Hermann Christiane
Published: April 2023

Open-label placebo (OLP) may be utilized to reduce psychological distress. Yet, potential contextual effects have not been explored. We investigated the impact of pharmaceutical form and the simulation of side effects in a parallel group RCT (DRKS00030987). A sample of 177 highly stressed university students at risk of depression were randomly assigned by computer generated tables to a 1-week intervention with active or passive OLP nasal spray or passive OLP capsule or a no-treatment control group. After the intervention, groups differed significantly in depressive symptoms but not regarding other outcomes of psychological distress (stress, anxiety, sleep quality, somatization), well-being or treatment expectation. OLP groups benefitted significantly more compared to the no-treatment control group (d = .40), OLP nasal spray groups significantly more than the OLP capsule group (d = .40) and the active OLP group significantly more than the passive OLP groups (d = .42). Interestingly, before intervention, most participants, regardless of group assignment, believed that the OLP capsule would be most beneficial. The effectiveness of OLP treatments seems to be highly influenced by the symptom focus conveyed by the OLP rationale. Moreover, pharmaceutical form and simulation of side effects may modulate efficacy, while explicit treatment expectation seems to play a minor role.
Bogolon-mediated light absorption in atomic condensates of different dimensionality
Authors: Ko Dogyun , Sun Meng , Kovalev Vadim , Savenko Ivan
Published: April 2023

In the case of structureless bosons, cooled down to low temperatures, the absorption of electromagnetic waves by their Bose-Einstein condensate is usually forbidden due to the momentum and energy conservation laws: the phase velocity of the collective modes of the condensate called bogolons is sufficiently lower than the speed of light. Thus, only the light scattering processes persist. However, the situation might be different in the case of composite bosons or the bosons with an internal structure. Here, we develop a microscopic theory of electromagnetic power absorption by a Bose–Einstein condensates of cold atoms in various dimensions, utilizing the Bogoliubov model of a weakly-interacting Bose gas. Thus, we address the transitions between a collective coherent state of bosons and the discrete energy levels corresponding to excited internal degrees of freedom of non-condensed individual bosons. It is shown, that such transitions are mediated by one and two-bogolon excitations above the condensate, which demonstrate different efficiency at different frequencies and strongly depend on the condensate density, which influence varies depending on the dimensionality of the system.
Multi-scale study of load-bearing mechanism of uplift piles based on model tests and numerical simulations
Authors: Fang Jianping , Lin Songchao , Liu Kai
Published: April 2023

The uplift pile is an anti-uplift measure in engineering widely used in practice. In order to study the mechanical parameters of the pile and the surrounding soil under the uplift load, a pile uplift model test and relevant numerical test were conducted. Image analysis technique was applied to the model test to investigate the soil displacements caused by pulling the pile. The load–displacement and pile axial force-lateral friction resistance relationships were investigated at three burial depths. Comparing the model test and numerical test results, it reveals that the pile primarily underwent four stages under the influence of uplift load: initial stage of loading, strain-hardening stage, peak of loading stage, and the strain-softening stage; the soil displacements around the pile exhibited inverted conical shape as the uplift load increases; and obvious soil arching effects could be observed near the ground surface. In addition, the development of force chains and major principal stresses indicated that the pile lateral frictional resistance first increased to its maximum value and then decreased sharply along the depth direction.
Automatic brain extraction and brain tissues segmentation on multi-contrast animal MRI
Authors: Nour Eddin Jamil , Dorez Hugo , Curcio Valentina
Published: April 2023

For many neuroscience applications, brain extraction in MRI images is the first pre-processing step of a quantification pipeline. Once the brain is extracted, further post-processing calculations become faster, more specific and easier to implement and interpret. It is the case, for example, of functional MRI brain studies, or relaxation time mappings and brain tissues classifications to characterise brain pathologies. Existing brain extraction tools are mostly adapted to work on the human anatomy, this gives poor results when applied to animal brain images. We have developed an atlas-based Veterinary Images Brain Extraction (VIBE) algorithm that encompasses a pre-processing step to adapt the atlas to the patient’s image, and a subsequent registration step. We show that the brain extraction is achieved with excellent results in terms of Dice and Jaccard metrics. The algorithm is automatic, with no need to adapt the parameters in a broad range of situations: we successfully tested multiple MRI contrasts (T1-weighted, T2-weighted, T2-weighted FLAIR), all the acquisition planes (sagittal, dorsal, transverse), different animal species (dogs and cats) and canine cranial conformations (brachycephalic, mesocephalic, dolichocephalic). VIBE can be successfully extended to other animal species, provided that an atlas for that specific species exists. We show also how brain extraction, as a preliminary step, can help to segment brain tissues with a K-Means clustering algorithm.
Impact of coronary artery revascularization on long-term outcome in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Rhee Tae-Min , Kim Hyung-Kwan , Kim Bong-Seong , Han Kyung-Do , Lee Hyun-Jung , Hwang In-Chang , Lee Heesun , Park Jun-Bean , Yoon Yeonyee E. , Kim Yong-Jin , Cho Goo-Yeong
Published: April 2023

Limited data are available on the long-term outcomes in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients with significant coronary artery disease (CAD) requiring revascularization. We investigated the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in HCM patients who underwent coronary revascularization compared to the control group without HCM. HCM patients aged ≥ 20 years were enrolled from the Korean National Health Insurance Database. Information on the diagnosis and previous medical history was obtained from the claims data. Cardiovascular outcomes were identified during 8-year after coronary revascularization in HCM patients (HCM group) and matched controls without HCM (non-HCM control group). A total of 431 patients in the HCM group and 1968 in the non-HCM control group were analyzed. The risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, sudden cardiac death (SCD), ischemic stroke, and hospitalization due to heart failure was significantly higher in the HCM group than in the non-HCM group, with prominent risk increase of cardiovascular death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63–3.15, P < 0.001) and ischemic stroke (adjusted HR 2.38, 95% CI 1.55–3.64, P < 0.001). Beyond 1-year after revascularization, the HCM group still had a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular death, SCD, and ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia compared to the non-HCM group. Mortality and major cardiovascular outcomes occurred more frequently in HCM patients with significant CAD requiring revascularization, compared to the matched non-HCM control group. Active and regular surveillance for concomitant risk factors and relevant intervention are warranted in HCM patients at increased risk for CAD.
Dentin defects caused by a Dspp−1 frameshift mutation are associated with the activation of autophagy
Authors: Liang Tian , Smith Charles E. , Hu Yuanyuan , Zhang Hong , Zhang Chuhua , Xu Qian , Lu Yongbo , Qi Ling , Hu Jan C.-C. , Simmer James P.
Published: April 2023

Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is primarily expressed by differentiated odontoblasts (dentin-forming cells), and transiently expressed by presecretory ameloblasts (enamel-forming cells). Disease-causing DSPP mutations predominantly fall into two categories: 5’ mutations affecting targeting and trafficking, and 3’ − 1 frameshift mutations converting the repetitive, hydrophilic, acidic C-terminal domain into a hydrophobic one. We characterized the dental phenotypes and investigated the pathological mechanisms of DsppP19L and Dspp−1fs mice that replicate the two categories of human DSPP mutations. In DsppP19L mice, dentin is less mineralized but contains dentinal tubules. Enamel mineral density is reduced. Intracellular accumulation and ER retention of DSPP is observed in odontoblasts and ameloblasts. In Dspp−1fs mice, a thin layer of reparative dentin lacking dentinal tubules is deposited. Odontoblasts show severe pathosis, including intracellular accumulation and ER retention of DSPP, strong ubiquitin and autophagy activity, ER-phagy, and sporadic apoptosis. Ultrastructurally, odontoblasts show extensive autophagic vacuoles, some of which contain fragmented ER. Enamel formation is comparable to wild type. These findings distinguish molecular mechanisms underlying the dental phenotypes of DsppP19L and Dspp−1fs mice and support the recently revised Shields classification of dentinogenesis imperfecta caused by DSPP mutations in humans. The Dspp−1fs mice may be valuable for the study of autophagy and ER-phagy.
Estimation of silent phenotypes of calf antibiotic dysbiosis
Authors: Okada Shunnosuke , Inabu Yudai , Miyamoto Hirokuni , Suzuki Kenta , Kato Tamotsu , Kurotani Atsushi , Taguchi Yutaka , Fujino Ryoichi , Shiotsuka Yuji , Etoh Tetsuji , Tsuji Naoko , Matsuura Makiko , Tsuboi Arisa , Saito Akira , Masuya Hiroshi , Kikuchi Jun , Nagasawa Yuya , Hirose Aya , Hayashi Tomohito , Ohno Hiroshi , Takahashi Hideyuki
Published: April 2023

Reducing antibiotic usage among livestock animals to prevent antimicrobial resistance has become an urgent issue worldwide. This study evaluated the effects of administering chlortetracycline (CTC), a versatile antibacterial agent, on the performance, blood components, fecal microbiota, and organic acid concentrations of calves. Japanese Black calves were fed with milk replacers containing CTC at 10 g/kg (CON group) or 0 g/kg (EXP group). Growth performance was not affected by CTC administration. However, CTC administration altered the correlation between fecal organic acids and bacterial genera. Machine learning (ML) methods such as association analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and energy landscape analysis revealed that CTC administration affected populations of various types of fecal bacteria. Interestingly, the abundance of several methane-producing bacteria at 60 days of age was high in the CON group, and the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, a butyrate-producing bacterium, was high in the EXP group. Furthermore, statistical causal inference based on ML data estimated that CTC treatment affected the entire intestinal environment, potentially suppressing butyrate production, which may be attributed to methanogens in feces. Thus, these observations highlight the multiple harmful impacts of antibiotics on the intestinal health of calves and the potential production of greenhouse gases by calves.
The impact of digital transformation on the total factor productivity of heavily polluting enterprises
Authors: Su Jinqi , Wei Yinying , Wang Shubin , Liu Qilei
Published: April 2023

In the digital economy, the relationship between digital transformation and a company's total factor productivity has profound implications for high-quality business development. Heavy polluters are given more environmental responsibility because of their high pollution and emission characteristics. This paper analyses the theoretical framework for the impact of digital transformation on the total factor productivity of heavily polluting firms. Using a sample of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share heavy polluters from 2010 to 2020, we explore how the digital transformation of heavy polluters affects the total factor productivity of firms. The study found that the digital transformation of heavily polluting companies can effectively improve total factor productivity, internally by increasing their level of green technology innovation and externally by increasing their willingness and capacity for corporate social responsibility. At the same time, digital transformation can improve total factor productivity by reducing cost stickiness, revealing the "black box" in which digital transformation affects the total factor productivity of an enterprise. It was further found that the digital transformation of companies with high levels of environmental investment, large enterprises, those in non-manufacturing industries, and heavy polluters of a state-owned nature had a more significant impact on total factor productivity. The findings of the study provide empirical evidence for the digital transformation of heavily polluting companies to improve productivity and the green transformation of the economy for companies under the low carbon goal.
Parahydrogen-induced polarization allows 2000-fold signal enhancement in biologically active derivatives of the peptide-based drug octreotide
Authors: Lins Jonas , Miloslavina Yuliya A. , Carrara Stefania C. , Rösler Lorenz , Hofmann Sarah , Herr Kevin , Theiß Franziska , Wienands Laura , Avrutina Olga , Kolmar Harald , Buntkowsky Gerd
Published: April 2023

Octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, has shown its efficacy for the diagnostics and treatment of various types of cancer, i.e., in octreotide scan, as radio-marker after labelling with a radiopharmaceutical. To avoid toxicity of radio-labeling, octreotide-based assays can be implemented into magnetic resonance techniques, such as MRI and NMR. Here we used a Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization (PHIP) approach as a cheap, fast and straightforward method. Introduction of l-propargyl tyrosine as a PHIP marker at different positions of octreotide by manual Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) led to up to 2000-fold proton signal enhancement (SE). Cell binding studies confirmed that all octreotide variants retained strong binding affinity to the surface of human-derived cancer cells expressing somatostatin receptor 2. The hydrogenation reactions were successfully performed in methanol and under physiologically compatible mixtures of water with methanol or ethanol. The presented results open up new application areas of biochemical and pharmacological studies with octreotide.
Atypical weather patterns cause coral bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia during the 2021–2022 La Niña
Authors: McGowan Hamish , Theobald Alison
Published: April 2023

Widespread coral bleaching was observed over the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, the world’s largest coral reef during the 2021–2022 La Niña. This raised concerns that background global warming may have crossed a critical threshold causing thermal stress to corals during a climate state historically associated with increased cloud cover, rainfall and cooler summer water temperatures. Here we present an analysis of recent summer La Niña events focused on their synoptic meteorology and corresponding water temperatures over the Great Barrier Reef. Results show that the 2021–2022 summer La Niña caused accumulated coral heat stress to exceed previous La Niña conditions by 2.5 times. We find that weather patterns that favoured the build-up of heat in water overlying the Great Barrier Reef during the 2021–2022 summer were likely the result of repositioning of planetary scale atmospheric longwaves. This insight provides an additional means to predict potential future atmospheric conditions that increase the risk of extremely high water temperatures and coral bleaching in the Great Barrier Reef.
Green synthesis of multi-functional carbon dots from medicinal plant leaves for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and bioimaging applications
Authors: Gedda Gangaraju , Sankaranarayanan Sri Amruthaa , Putta Chandra Lekha , Gudimella Krishna Kanthi , Rengan Aravind Kumar , Girma Wubshet Mekonnen
Published: April 2023

In this research work, carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized from the renewable leaves of an indigenous medicinal plant by the one-pot sand bath method, Azadirachta indica. The synthesized CDs were characterized for its optical properties using UV–Vis, Fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry and for structural properties using dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and high resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The synthesized CDs exhibited concentration dependent biocompatibility when tested in mouse fibroblast L929 cell line. The EC50 values of biomedical studies, free radical scavenging activity (13.87 μgmL−1), and total antioxidant capacity (38 μgmL−1) proved CDs were exceptionally good. These CDs showed an appreciable zone of inhibition when examined on four bacterial (two gram-positive and gram-negative) and two fungal strains at minimum concentrations. Cellular internalisation studies performed on human breast cancer cells (MCF 7- bioimaging) revealed the applicability of CDs in bioimaging, wherein the inherent fluorescence of CDs were utilised. Thus, the CDs developed are potential as bioimaging, antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
Clinical outcomes after a single induction dose of etomidate versus ketamine for emergency department sepsis intubation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Srivilaithon Winchana , Bumrungphanithaworn Atidtaya , Daorattanachai Kiattichai , Limjindaporn Chitlada , Amnuaypattanapon Kumpol , Imsuwan Intanon , Diskumpon Nipon , Dasanadeba Ittabud , Siripakarn Yaowapha , Ueamsaranworakul Thosapol , Pornpanit Chatchanan , Pornpachara Vanussarin
Published: April 2023

Patients with sepsis often require emergency intubation. In emergency departments (EDs), rapid-sequence intubation with a single-dose induction agent is standard practice, but the best choice of induction agent in sepsis remains controversial. We conducted a randomized, controlled, single-blind trial in the ED. We included septic patients who were aged at least 18 years and required sedation for emergency intubation. Patients were randomly assigned by a blocked randomization to receive 0.2–0.3 mg/kg of etomidate or 1–2 mg/kg of ketamine for intubation. The objectives were to compare the survival outcomes and adverse events after intubation between etomidate and ketamine. Two hundred and sixty septic patients were enrolled; 130 patients/drug arm whose baseline characteristics were well balanced at baseline. In the etomidate group, 105 patients (80.8%) were alive at 28 days, compared with 95 patients (73.1%) in the ketamine group (risk difference [RD], 7.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], − 2.5 to 17.9%; P = 0.092). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients who survived at 24 h (91.5% vs. 96.2%; P = 0.097) and survived at 7 days (87.7% vs. 87.7%; P = 0.574). A significantly higher proportion of the etomidate group needed a vasopressor within 24 h after intubation: 43.9% vs. 17.7%, RD, 26.2% (95% CI, 15.4 to 36.9%; P < 0.001). In conclusion, there were no differences in early and late survival rates between etomidate and ketamine. However, etomidate was associated with higher risks of early vasopressor use after intubation. Trial registration: The trial protocol was registered in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (identification number: TCTR20210213001). Registered 13 February 2021—Retrospectively registered, https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/export/pdf/TCTR20210213001.
Exploiting convergent phenotypes to derive a pan-cancer cisplatin response gene expression signature
Authors: Scarborough Jessica A. , Eschrich Steven A. , Torres-Roca Javier , Dhawan Andrew , Scott Jacob G.
Published: April 2023

Precision medicine offers remarkable potential for the treatment of cancer, but is largely focused on tumors that harbor actionable mutations. Gene expression signatures can expand the scope of precision medicine by predicting response to traditional (cytotoxic) chemotherapy agents without relying on changes in mutational status. We present a new signature extraction method, inspired by the principle of convergent phenotypes, which states that tumors with disparate genetic backgrounds may evolve similar phenotypes independently. This evolutionary-informed method can be utilized to produce consensus signatures predictive of response to over 200 chemotherapeutic drugs found in the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) Database. Here, we demonstrate its use by extracting the Cisplatin Response Signature (CisSig). We show that this signature can predict cisplatin response within carcinoma-based cell lines from the GDSC database, and expression of the signatures aligns with clinical trends seen in independent datasets of tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Total Cancer Care (TCC) database. Finally, we demonstrate preliminary validation of CisSig for use in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, predicting overall survival in a small cohort of patients who undergo cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. This methodology can be used to produce robust signatures that, with further clinical validation, may be used for the prediction of traditional chemotherapeutic response, dramatically increasing the reach of personalized medicine in cancer.
Advanced biomaterials for human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) drug delivery
Authors: Nozhat Zahra , Heydarzadeh Shabnam , Shahriari-Khalaji Mina , Wang Shibo , Iqbal M. Zubair , Kong Xiangdong
Published: April 2023

Biomaterial-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) for GBM drug delivery are classified as organic, inorganic and cell-based nanoparticles.
Continuum vs. atomistic approaches to computational spectroscopy of solvated systems
Authors: Giovannini Tommaso , Cappelli Chiara
Published: April 2023

We discuss how continuum and atomistic solvent descriptions are specified to catch the physics of solvated systems and transferred to the computation of various spectral signals of increasing complexity.
Defect transition of smectic liquid crystals confined in spherical cavities
Authors: Zhou Ming , Sun Yu-Wei , Li Zhan-Wei , Pei Han-Wen , Li Bing , Zhu You-Liang , Sun Zhao-Yan
Published: April 2023

Under spherical confinement with different conditions, defects of LCs change from bipolar to striped textures, then change into tetrahedral defects.
Azofuran activation for annulative rearrangement enabled by gold(i)/Brønsted acid relay catalysis
Authors: Rao Qian , Zhang Yin , Liu Yin-Ping , Jiang Bo , Wang Xiang , Tu Shu-Jiang , Hao Wen-Juan
Published: April 2023

A novel gold(i)/Brønsted acid relay catalysis enabling azofuran activation to induce annulative rearrangement from 3-yne-1,2-diols is reported, producing a series of furan-2-yl-substituted pyrrol-2-ones with good yields.
Cooperative cage hybrids enabled by electrostatic marriage
Authors: Zhu Liying , Yang Xinchun , Sun Jian-Ke
Published: April 2023

A cage hybrid (C-Cage–PB) was developed by electrostatic complexation of a quaternary ammonium cage (C-Cage+) and an anionic inorganic Prussian blue (PB−).
Divergent access to fused N-heterocycle-thiazolines by solvent-dependent reaction of isoquinolinium thiolates with silylketene acetals
Authors: Schifferer Lukas , Hoppmann Leon , Groeters Robin , Mück-Lichtenfeld Christian , Daniliuc Constantin G. , García Mancheño Olga
Published: April 2023

A solvent-dependent strategy for the selective synthesis of isoquinuclidine- and tetrahydroisoquinoline thiazoline N,S-heterocycles from isoquinolinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates and silylketene acetals is reported.
Three-dimensional graphene/metal–organic framework composites for electrochemical energy storage and conversion
Authors: Ren Yumei , Xu Yuxi
Published: April 2023

This feature article summarizes the recent research progress in the preparation methods of 3D graphene/MOF composites and their derivatives as well as their applications in the fields of electrochemical energy storage and conversion.
Catalytic asymmetric de novo construction of 4-pyrrolin-2-ones via intermolecular formal [3+2] cycloaddition of azoalkenes with azlactones
Authors: Mo Nan-Nan , Miao Yu-Hang , Xiao Xiao , Hua Yuan-Zhao , Wang Min-Can , Huang Lihua , Mei Guang-Jian
Published: April 2023

The chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric de novo construction of 4-pyrrolin-2-ones has been accomplished via an intermolecular (3+2) reaction of azoalkenes with azlactones.
Sensitive quantification of short-chain fatty acids combined with global metabolomics in microbiome cultures
Authors: Lin Weifeng , García Fabricio Romero , Norin Elisabeth Lissa , Kart Didem , Engstrand Lars , Du Juan , Globisch Daniel
Published: April 2023

A novel chemical metabolomics tool for quantification of short-chain fatty acids in bacterial cultures that is compatible with global metabolomics analysis due to the use of a limited sample volume.
Reactivity of frustrated Lewis pairs with BOC protected diazocarboxylates: FLP capture of diazene
Authors: Hussain Zahid , Luo Yong-An , Wu Yile , Qu Zheng-Wang , Grimme Stefan , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: April 2023

Reactions of (tBuO2CN)2 with FLPs inducing loss of CH2CMe2; using strong bases [Hbase]2 [((C6F5)3BO2CN)2] are isolated whereas with weaker bases diazene derivatives are obtained.
Experimental demonstration of the suppression of viscous fingering in a partially miscible system
Authors: Iwasaki Kaori , Nagatsu Yuichiro , Ban Takahiko , Iijima Jun , Mishra Manoranjan , Suzuki Ryuta X.
Published: April 2023

We experimentally demonstrate the suppression of viscous fingering in a partially miscible system, and we analyse its mechanism through Hele-Shaw flow and spinning drop tensiometry experiments.
Exploring the dynamics of DNA nucleotides in graphene/h-BN nanopores: insights from ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Kiakojouri Ali , Frank Irmgard , Nadimi Ebrahim
Published: April 2023

Nanopore devices based on graphene and h-BN heterostructures show outstanding electrical and physical characteristics for high throughput label-free DNA sequencing.
Cooperative multiple interactions of donor–π–acceptor dyes enhance the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Hou Xiufang , Zhang Weiyi , Li Quan-Song
Published: April 2023

Different passivation effects come from various multiple interactions between the passivation molecules (SP1, SP2, and SP3) and the perovskite surface.
Time-resolved detection of light-induced conformational changes of heliorhodopsin
Authors: Nakasone Yusuke , Kawasaki Yuma , Konno Masae , Inoue Keiichi , Terazima Masahide
Published: April 2023

Reaction scheme of heliorhodopsin. Diffusion measurement reveals a conformational change in the characteristic helix on the cytoplasmic side (ICL1 helix).
Persilylation of ferrocene: the ultimate discipline in sterically overcrowded metal complexes
Authors: Rupf Susanne M. , Sievers Robin , Riemann Paulin S. , Reimann Marc , Kaupp Martin , Fasting Carlo , Malischewski Moritz
Published: April 2023

We report the isolation, for the first time, of a persilylated metallocene, FeC10(SiMe2H)10, with an unusual purple colour.
Non-fouling polymer brush grafted fluorine-doped tin oxide enabled optical and chemical enhancement for sensitive label-free antibody microarrays
Authors: Li Xiaoyi , Feng Zhihao , Fang Changxiang , Wei Yunpeng , Ji Dandan , Hu Weihua
Published: April 2023

A high-performance label-free OIRD antibody microarray based on non-fouling brush grafted FTO was developed, showing essentially enhanced sensitivity via simultaneous optical and chemical enhancement.
Are formation and adsorption energies enough to evaluate the stability of surface-passivated tin-based halide perovskites?
Authors: Zheng Yapeng , Fang Zhi , Shang Minghui , Sun Qian , Hou Xinmei , Yang Weiyou
Published: April 2023

We reveal that the neglected detrimental effect of surface passivation on the stability is induced by the weakened Sn-I bond at the sub-surface, which should be a critical descriptor for evaluating passivating effect.
High photovoltaic performance (23.75) of triazatruxene-based dye-sensitized solar cells containing different π bridges: computational investigation
Authors: Abdelaaziz Alioui , Bouzzine Si Mohamed , Hamidi Mohamed , El-Shishtawy Reda M.
Published: April 2023

Six new organic dyes, D–π–A, were studied in DSCC applications, based on triazatruxene (D) connected to different π bridges and an electron acceptor 2-cyanoacrylic acid (A). One of these dyes presents a photovoltaic performance of approximately 23.75.
Itaconic and citraconic acid directed thixotropic and self-healable supramolecular metallogels of M(ii) (M = Co, Cu, Zn, and Cd) for the growth-inhibitory potency against human pathogenic microbes
Authors: Majumdar Santanu , Mukherjee Debosmita , Lepcha Gerald , Saha Kunal Kumar , Sundar Das Krishna , Pal Indrajit , Mandal Narayan Chandra , Dey Biswajit
Published: April 2023

Itaconic acid-based Co(ii), Cu(ii) and Zn(ii)-metallogels and citraconic acid-directed self-healing Cd(ii)-metallogel have been established through exploring diverse microstructural, mechanical properties and fascinating anti-pathogenic activities.
Controlled growth of Sb2S3 nanorods on phosphorus doped reduced graphene oxide for enhanced overall water splitting
Authors: Gowrisankar A. , Selvadharshini K. , Nair Krishnendu M. , Selvaraju T.
Published: April 2023

Sb2S3 nanorods anchored on P-rGO nanocomposites were recognized as an efficient electrocatalyst to show a very low cell voltage of 1.57 V at 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting.
Enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption of Fe3O4@MnO2@Ni–Co/C composites derived from Prussian blue analogues
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Qu Qi , Gao Jiangshan , He Yan
Published: April 2023

3D Fe3O4@MnO2@Ni–Co/C composites with excellent absorption (RLmin = −41.2 dB at 6.87 GHz) and a broad bandwidth (8.6–14.9 GHz).
Breaking through the interfacial energy barrier limitations of type-I heterojunctions via ferroelectric polarization engineering: a case study of Bi5Ti3FeO15/BiOCl
Authors: Xing Fangyuan , Wang Lin , Zhou Yu , Jin Shaohua , Jin Haibo , Li Jingbo
Published: April 2023

The band structure of a heterojunction significantly affects its photocharge separation efficiency.
The impact of solution vs. slurry vs. mechanochemical syntheses upon the sorption performance of a 2D switching coordination network
Authors: Wang Shi-Qiang , Darwish Shaza , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: April 2023

Comparison of solution, slurry and mechanochemical syntheses of a 1D coordination polymer intermediate and effect upon the sorption performance of its 2D switching coordination network product.
Exploring the origin of the high electro-catalytic activity for nitrate-to-ammonia conversion on electrodeposited Ni/Ru hydroxide hybrids
Authors: Zhou Fengling , Sun Chenghua
Published: April 2023

The high activity of the electrodeposited Ni/Ru hydroxide hybrid was attributed to the interaction between Ru and oxidized Ni species formed in the Ru–O–Ni matrix, which promoted the conversion of nitrate to ammonia through the synergistic effect.
Pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular pseudorotaxane polymer material for ultra-sensitive detection of Fe3+ and F−
Authors: Zhu Wen-Bo , Wei Tai-Bao , Hu Hao-Bin , Li Zhi-Jun , Zhang Yu-Quan , Li Yan-Chun , Zhang Liang , Zhang Xiao-Wei
Published: April 2023

Recent advancements in ultra-sensitive detection, particularly the Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE) materials, have demonstrated a promising detection method due to their low cost, real-time detection, and simplicity of operation.
Unconventional gas-phase preparation of the prototype polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon naphthalene (C10H8) via the reaction of benzyl (C7H7) and propargyl (C3H3) radicals coupled with hydrogen-atom assisted isomerization
Authors: He Chao , Kaiser Ralf I. , Lu Wenchao , Ahmed Musahid , Krasnoukhov Vladislav S. , Pivovarov Pavel S. , Zagidullin Marsel V. , Azyazov Valeriy N. , Morozov Alexander N. , Mebel Alexander M.
Published: April 2023

The gas-phase preparation of naphthalene (C10H8) molecule has been revealed through an isomer selective product detection via the reaction of the resonantly stabilized benzyl and the propargyl radicals.
Bamboo derived N-doped carbon as a bifunctional electrode for high-performance zinc–air batteries
Authors: Cui Peng , Li Tingzhen , Chi Xiao , Yang Wu , Chen Zehong , Han Wenjia , Xia Ruidong , Shimelis Admassie , Iwuoha Emmanuel Iheanyichukwu , Peng Xinwen
Published: April 2023

A bamboo derived N-doped carbon displayed superior ORR/OER activity and successfully served as a bulk-phase air cathode for a rechargeable zinc–air battery.
Photopolymerization of 1D photonic structures induced by nematic–isotropic phase transition in liquid crystal
Authors: Chychłowski Miłosz S. , Kajkowska Marta , Jankiewicz Bartłomiej , Bartosewicz Bartosz , Woliński Tomasz R. , Lesiak Piotr
Published: April 2023

Periodic structures can be created in LC-based composite confined in 1D space when it is heated to phase transition temperature. Photopolymerization is used to stabilize the observed anisotropic structures.
As-based ternary Janus monolayers for efficient thermoelectric and photocatalytic applications
Authors: Chauhan Poonam , Singh Jaspreet , Kumar Ashok
Published: April 2023

Thermoelectric performance and energy band alignments for photocatalytic water splitting of As-based ternary Janus monolayers.
Poly(2,6-anthraquinonyl disulfide) as a high-capacity and high-power cathode for rechargeable magnesium batteries: extra capacity provided by the disulfide group
Authors: Ren Xin , Tao Donggang , Tang Yudi , Cao Yuliang , Xu Fei
Published: April 2023

Poly(2,6-anthraquinonyl disulfide) with “S–S” connection unit provides a high Mg-storage capacity of 270 mA h g−1 with the extra capacity being delivered by formation of the SO/S–O bond between the enolized carbonyl (C–O−) and the S–S unit.
Circulating biomarkers associated with placental dysfunction and their utility for predicting fetal growth restriction
Authors: Hong Jesrine , Kumar Sailesh
Published: April 2023

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) leading to low birth weight (LBW) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Normal placental development involves a series of highly regulated processes involving a multitude of hormones, transcription factors, and cell lineages. Failure to achieve this leads to placental dysfunction and related placental diseases such as pre-clampsia and FGR. Early recognition of at-risk pregnancies is important because careful maternal and fetal surveillance can potentially prevent adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes by judicious pregnancy surveillance and careful timing of birth. Given the association between a variety of circulating maternal biomarkers, adverse pregnancy, and perinatal outcomes, screening tests based on these biomarkers, incorporating maternal characteristics, fetal biophysical or circulatory variables have been developed. However, their clinical utility has yet to be proven. Of the current biomarkers, placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 appear to have the most promise for placental dysfunction and predictive utility for FGR.
Novel avenues to control blood pressure: targeting the renal lymphatic system
Authors: Chignalia Andreia Zago
Published: April 2023

Hypertension is associated with the activation of the immune and lymphatic systems as well as lymphangiogenesis. The changes in the lymphatic system are considered an adaptive response to mitigate the deleterious effects of immune and inflammatory cells on the cardiovascular system. In the article recently published in Clinical Science by Goodlett and collaborators, evidence is shown that inducing renal lymphangiogenesis after the establishment of hypertension in mice is an effective maneuver to reduce systemic arterial blood pressure. In this commentary, we will briefly review what is known about the relationship between the activation of the immune and lymphatic systems, and the resulting effects on systemic blood pressure, summarize the findings published by Goodlett and collaborators, and discuss the impact of their findings on the field.
ATOMIUM: Probing the inner wind of evolved O-rich stars with new, highly excited H2O and OH lines
Authors: Baudry A. , Wong K. T. , Etoka S. , Richards A. M. S. , Müller H. S. P. , Herpin F. , Danilovich T. , Gray M. D. , Wallström S. , Gobrecht D. , Khouri T. , Decin L. , Gottlieb C. A. , Menten K. M. , Homan W. , Millar T. J. , Montargès M. , Pimpanuwat B. , Plane J. M. C. , Kervella P.
Published: April 2023

Context. Water (H2O) and the hydroxyl radical (OH) are major constituents of the envelope of O-rich late-type stars. Transitions involving energy levels that are rotationally or vibrationally highly excited (energies ≳4000 K) have been observed in both H2O and OH. These and more recently discovered transitions can now be observed at a high sensitivity and angular resolution in the inner wind close to the stellar photosphere with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).

Aims. Our goals are: (1) to identify and map the emission and absorption of H2O in several vibrational states, and of OH in Λ-doubling transitions with similar excitation energies; and (2) to determine the physical conditions and kinematics in gas layers close to the extended atmosphere in a sample of asymptotic giant branch stars (AGBs) and red supergiants (RSGs).

Methods. Spectra and maps of H2O and OH lines observed in a 27 GHz aggregated bandwidth and with an angular resolution of ~0."02−1."0 were obtained at two epochs with the main ALMA array. Additional observations with the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) were used to check for time variability of water transitions. Radiative transfer models of H2O were revisited to characterize masing conditions. Up-to-date chemical models were used for comparison with the observed OH/H2O abundance ratio.

Results. Ten rotational transitions of H2O with excitation energies ~4000–9000 K were observed in vibrational states up to (υ1,υ2,υ3) = (0,1,1). All but one are new detections in space, and from these we have derived accurate rest frequencies. Hyperfine split Λ-doubling transitions in υ = 0, J = 27/2 and 29/2 levels of the 2Π3/2 state, as well as J = 33/2 and 35/2 of the 2Π1/2 state of OH with excitation energies of ~4780–8900 K were also observed. Four of these transitions are new detections in space. Combining our measurements with earlier observations of OH, the υ = 0 and υ = 1 Λ-doubling frequencies have been improved. Our H2O maps show compact emission toward the central star and extensions up to twelve stellar radii or more. The 268.149 GHz emission line of water in the υ2 = 2 state is time variable, tends to be masing with dominant radiative pumping, and is widely excited in AGBs and RSGs. The widespread but weaker 262.898 GHz water line in the υ2 = 1 state also shows signs of maser emission. The OH emission is weak and quasithermally excited. Emission and absorption features of H2O and OH reveal an infall of matter and complex kinematics influenced by binarity. From the OH and H2O column densities derived with nonmasing transitions in a few sources, we obtain OH/H2O abundance ratios of ~(0.7–2.8) × 10−2.