bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Il bambino abusato diventa adulto: riflessioni su alcune situazioni trattate
Authors: Cirillo Stefano
Published: June 2021

- The author analyses some clinical cases in order to reflect upon the varying consequences of child sexual abuse on the development of abused males. Three distinct cases observed in clinical population are discussed. The typical victim's transformation into offender, the persistent tendency in victims to perpetuate the role of victim and the persistent tendency in the brothers' female victims to perpetuate the role of the spectator. The attachment system (provided both by the protective parent and by the abusing parent) plays a key role in the abused child's development related to the dimension of fear produced by the traumatic event.
Il genogramma. Percorso di autoconoscenza, integrato nella formazione di base dello psicoterapeuta
Authors: Cirillo Stefano , Selvini Matteo , Sorrentino Anna Maria
Published: June 2021

Con questo articolo vogliamo illustrare il nostro modello di formazione personale del terapeuta sistemico: un anno di lavoro di autoconoscenza di gruppo che sviluppa al suo interno una importante intensitŕ affettiva e cognitiva sia nel gruppo che con i due conduttori. Un primo giro di commento al disegno del proprio genogramma č preparato da tre giorni di esperienze di comunicazione non verbale. Subito dopo si tiene un secondo giro di racconti autobiografici che preparano due giornate residenziali di lavoro sulle dinamiche di gruppo, fino al momento chiave della giornata multifamiliare, che precede la conclusione dei cinque anni di percorso.
Nuove patologie adolescenziali o nuove emergenze sociali? L'hikikomori č solo giapponese?
Authors: Mastropaolo Lia
Published: June 2021

L'autrice, nella sua attivitŕ clinica si č trovata negli ultimi anni a lavorare, sempre piů frequentemente, con giovani adulti che presentano sintomatologie comuni: chiudersi in casa, passare la giornata a navigare in internet, crearsi una vita virtuale parallela o vivere nella stanza/tana in cui si consuma l'intera quotidianitŕ del vivere... Si pone l'interrogativo: siamo in presenza di nuove patologie o di nuove emergenze sociali? Confronta le precedenti ricerche fatte sugli adolescenti con l'attuale ricerca, il fenomeno giapponese dell'hikikomori con il nuovo fenomeno dei giovani italiani e, attraverso tre casi clinici, presenta nuove modalitŕ di intervento: le "terapie fluttuanti", il lavoro sul sé. Per rispondere al quesito racconta come nel tempo si siano modificate le sue metodologie di trattamento della patologia, come legge il sintomo, come utilizza ora le ipotesi, come tratta l'ingaggio dell'adolescente, del giovane adulto e della sua famiglia, come mantiene la relazione terapeutica ora rispetto al passato e come utilizza i sintomi all'interno del percorso terapeutico.
Intervento umanitario e scienza politica: un'agenda di ricerca e alcune osservazioni preliminari
Authors: Moro Francesco N. , Mayer Marco
Published: June 2021

- The article seeks to provide a general framework to interpret humanitarian intervention with the "tools" of political science. It focuses on intervention where military force is directly applied and a phase of stabilization and reconstruction follows military operations. As such, it deals with six major cases: Kurdistan, Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia, East Timor and Kosovo. The central argument of the article is that a thorough understanding of humanitarian interventions is possible only by recurring to approaches and branches of political science that have been traditionally left out from the analysis of such phenomenon. The purpose of the article is to provide a first-cut but comprehensive approach to the analysis of humanitarian interventions, bringing in sometimes overlooked tools provided by literature political science, and to provide the basis for more thorough theoretical and empirical work on the subject. It should also shed light on relevant changes in the global security environment after the Cold War, focusing on the new opportunities, but also on the often overlooked constraints, to foreign intervention.
Tortura oggi: perché no! Riflettendo su Abu Ghraib e Guantŕnamo
Authors: Mazza Caterina
Published: June 2021

- The empirical evidences and the contemporary discussions get into question the total inadmissibility of torture which has been arranged and fixed on December 10, 1984 by the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment. In fact, in the present time, several US scholars and politicians argue about the possibility to use torture as an adequate instrument to face the grave threat of international terrorism. Thinkers, for their convictions and analysis, part into two opposite positions: "utilitarian" and "absolutistic". The former is based on the Schmittian theory of emergency and on the idea that torture, a wrong practice in itself, can be justifiable if useful instrument to reach a morally higher "good" or to prevent an ethical worse "evil". The latter is grounded on the Kantian imperative as a guide for human choices. By this point of view, torture is absolutely and categorically unjustifiable, also in presence of a great threat for national security. Which reasoning and purposes support the US scholars in this reconsideration of torture as a tool of democracy? Which the actual consequences of these theoretical reflections?
Statualitŕ come idea e strumento ordinativi
Authors: Anter Andreas
Published: June 2021

-The question of the capacity and quality of the State marks a constant challenge to modern political science up to now. The article points out that the modern State should be comprehended in its quality as an idea and as an instrument of order. From its early beginning, the modern State has been closely bound up to this aspect, since it is a product of the desire of order in the time of denominational civil war. Thus in the modern age, the guarantee of order remains a central basis to the State's legitimacy. In the last decades, the State has often been said to be a weak patient or even to be dead. The article argues that this opinion is untenable, and that statehood still remains an elementary condition of democratic political order.
Geografie politiche di inizio millennio: il "modello fondamentale" di Stein Rokkan rivisitato
Authors: Armao Fabio
Published: June 2021

- The author assumes that the post-bipolar world is redesigning the geography of politics, multiplying the number of political groups that successfully claim the violent control of a particular territory, possibly at a sub-state level. These developments, which many have seen as a return to the original, anarchic conditions of outright war, or as a return to pre-modern models of feudal organisation are, nonetheless, a response to the new laws of privatisation imposed by the market and implemented by complicit governments. To better analyse this kind of evolution, the essay looks back at Stein Rokkan's model of analysis on the formation of the modern state in Europe, reinterpreting and adapting it to the new context of reference.
Being there and away. Gentrification and globalization in Andromeda Hill Project, Jaffa, Israel
Authors: Livne Hadar
Published: June 2021

- Recent studies on gentrification identify its sociological and structural relationships to globalization, mainly as being a global urban strategy or a form of class reproduction. However the relationship between gentrification and globalization may be generated and fostered by real estate capital agents and architects, who use global narratives within the urban development discourse to create a distinguished urban habitat, which is detached from the immediate gentrified neighborhood. Such a relationship is evident in the case of Andromeda Hill Project in the Arab city Jaffa, Israel, which finds its assertion through the mobilization of global narratives, images and capital oriented towards a cosmopolitan audience outside of Jaffa. The deployment of images of ‘authenticity' and ‘orientalism' served in this project as a means to face outward of Jaffa's urban space and towards a mythical Mediterranean space and international arena, to reconstruct it as an ‘old-new city'. This process results in the devalorization and erasure of the local urban space and its longneglected Arab population, and consequently in the creation of alienated, exclusive, Jewish gated community which ignores its social and physical surroundings.
L'invariante architettonica del poché
Authors: Toscani Chiara
Published: June 2021

- This paper attempts to summarise the Poché architectural invariant by means of a few crucial steps, focusing particularly on its use in Le Corbusier's composition poetics. Although short, this discussion offers the chance to rediscover some of the properties that the Poché invariant activates in architectural composition such as interference, hybridation and deformation. They are properties which thanks to the later theoretical support of Venturi and Rowe, should be of interest for an analytical and critical reading of some contemporary design projects, the most structured of which would seem to a theoretical revisiting of Eisenman.
La Lr. 12/2005 e la riforma urbanistica nazionale
Authors: Oliva Federico
Published: June 2021

- Federico Oliva (p. 13) Urban planning reform is underway through new regional reform laws and small but important partial legislative measures (public social housing and equal distribution). What is lacking, however, is a national law on the «fundamental principles of regional and urban planning», which would not only legally consolidate new regional laws and guard against the legal dangers of a transition period which is too long, but would also represent the necessary reference framework for the policies, plans and programmes of all the institutions with responsibility for planning in a given geographical area. The Lombard Law No. 12/2005 forms no real part of this reform process because of two critical weaknesses: the absence of a structural plan replaced by a strategic plan, the ‘DP' (plan document), which is too short time wise to fulfil the function; the absence of an operational plan, replaced by the ‘action plans', which, however, do not guarantee the implementation of fundamental functions. Moreover the law does not address the main current malaise, which is the ‘metropolitanisation' of the country.
La questione delle aree agricole e gli strumenti di piano territoriale e urbanistico
Authors: Treu Maria Cristina
Published: June 2021

- Cities today expand regardless of economic development and growth in the labour market. We are in the presence of a phenomenon of urban inflation in which even the consumption of land remains at high quantitative levels, accentuated by the marginalisation of many portions of areas induced by the dispersion of settlements and infrastructure networks. On the other hand agriculture is also undergoing a process of the concentration of production on flat areas of land with more infrastructures, while in contrast to this, less accessible tracts of land enclosed between dwellings and adjacent to urbanised areas are abandoned and underused. In this context the incessant erosion of urban countryside raises the more general question of the quality of living and of the environmental and landscape functions which agricultural areas perform in addition to and not as a substitute for their production functions. And this makes it clear that to protect and improve them are not objectives attributable to urban planning and sector instruments alone.
La rete ecologica, un'opportunitŕ per il progetto della continuitŕ del sistema rurale
Authors: Peraboni Carlo
Published: June 2021

- In recent years, ecological networks have become an inspiring principle for policies for the protection and sustainable development of biodiversity, a focal point for conservation, by identifying protecting and connecting important nature sites. Initially measures to protect natural environments, implemented by establishing protected natural areas, seemed the best way to counter transformations of the environment, but they have been found to be insufficient to conserve ecological systems. Plans for ‘networks' of natural sites are instruments that can be used to significantly increase the environmental quality of areas and to promote a systemic project to protect rural areas and one way this can be achieved is through new environmental governance instruments.
Governare il territorio nei piccoli comuni: esperienze e riflessioni
Authors: Lussignoli Luciano
Published: June 2021

- It is four years since the general plan was introduced in regional planning legislation in Lombard and it is now possi200 Territorio ble to examine the application of some of the innovations introduced by Regional Law n. 12/2005 to municipal planning: urban planning equalisation and the ‘agreed landscape charter'. The analysis is performed in the Brescia area, starting with the cases of two small municipalities: Tignale and Vestone. They are two significant cases, if it is considered that most of the municipalities in the region have a population of less than 15,000 inhabitants.
Ibridazione in situ. Lavorando con la storia
Authors: Magri Debora
Published: June 2021

‘L'ibridazione in situ' si propone quale pratica teorica di trasformazione dello spazio fisico in tessuti storici consolidati. La perdita della dimensione pubblica della cittŕ corrisponde alla morte dell'urbs, esempio efficiente di un modello ibrido in cui sfera pubblica e sfera privata sono continuamente combinate e intercambiate in un sistema dinamico e stratificato, in continuo divenire. L'ibridazione puň dare una risposta alla necessitŕ trasformativa di contesti storici critici, contrapponendo ad un modello tradizionale di crescita urbana bidimensionale, la tridimensionalitŕ di un modello ibrido che nella dialettica tra porositŕ e densitŕ agisce sulla struttura fisica della cittŕ creando nuove opportunitŕ di uso e valorizzazione di spazi residuali esistenti e nuove esperienze estetiche, per la riconquista del cuore della cittŕ.
Qualitŕ dei paesaggi, qualitŕ delle politiche. Aménager le futur
Authors: Venturi Ferriolo Massimo
Published: June 2021

La Convenzione europea del paesaggio collega il processo di paesaggio al riconoscimento dell'ambito di vita percepito. Il paesaggio č una risorsa da governare per il benessere dei suoi abitanti, con potenzialitŕ propulsive per le culture locali nel variegato patrimonio culturale e naturale dell'Europa. La qualitŕ si dovrebbe affermare in ogni paesaggio indipendentemente dal giudizio estetico: essa č il fattore privilegiato e non la bellezza. Lo sviluppo dell'individuo e la sua affermazione socio-culturale si realizzano grazie ai tre concetti essenziali di benessere, soddisfazione, identitŕ: la vera bellezza di un paesaggio, che č il risultato dell'azione, quindi non astratta. A partire da qui si analizza il rapporto tra qualitŕ dei paesaggi e qualitŕ delle politiche, fondato sul riconoscimento, soprattutto quello dell'appartenenza: una straordinaria occasione democratica.
Le reti ecologiche tra ‘zoning approach' e ‘urban policy approach'
Authors: Romano Bernardino
Published: June 2021

Gli organismi di governo territoriale nazionale ancor oggi sono affezionati a tradizionali forme di tutela ‘insulare', faticosamente proiettati verso politiche di ‘rete', nelle regioni, invece, quasi tutte le leggi sull'uso e la trasformazione del territorio emanate dopo il 2002 contengono riferimenti alle reti ecologiche o ai sistemi di continuitŕ ambientale, anche se spesso si rileva una sostanziale inapplicabilitŕ dei concetti. Lo ‘zoning approach' e l'‘urban policy approach' attribuiscono un significato ecologico relazionale, e quindi un ruolo ecosistemico non necessariamente secondario, a settori territoriali quali gli incolti, i coltivi in abbandono, le aree incendiate, i boschi degradati ed altre aree che la tradizione urbanistica ha sempre relegato ad uno stato di pre-urbanizzazione ineluttabile. Si richiede una revisione profonda dei paradigmi programmatici che crea negli attuali equilibri uno sbilanciamento delle certezze acquisite.
Reti ecologiche e governo del territorio
Authors: Gibelli Gioia , Santolini Riccardo
Published: June 2021

Alla luce delle emergenze climatiche ed economiche, che spingono a riempire di contenuti concreti i concetti di sostenibilitŕ all'interno degli strumenti di pianificazione, si č attivata una profonda riflessione che ha portato a considerare la biodiversitŕ come un obiettivo da perseguire in quanto dimensione primaria dei sistemi naturali ma con funzione prioritaria di conservare un capitale naturale di qualitŕ, il cui ruolo č quello di garantire la durabilitŕ dei processi e la conservazione delle risorse per le generazioni future e di erogare una serie di servizi ecosistemici alle generazioni presenti. Il progetto di rete ecologica ligure (Rel) rappresenta, allo stato attuale delle conoscenze, i luoghi dove il capitale naturale č allocato. I Ptcp di nuova generazione vedranno le province impegnate nella ridefinizione dello scenario strategico di valorizzazione e conservazione del capitale naturale e nell'acquisizione e eventuale maggiore definizione delle cause di vulnerabilitŕ del sistema paesistico-ambientale.
Vienna, il crepuscolo del mondo di ieri e l'alba del mondo nuovo
Authors: Denti Giovanni
Published: June 2021

La costruzione degli Höfe viennesi č stata un'autentica epopea: teorici dell'austro marxismo come Otto Bauer vedevano nella realizzazione dei grandi complessi residenziali la concretizzazione del «Mondo nuovo» che avrebbe dato nuova dignitŕ sociale e culturale alla classe operaia fi no a quel momento sfruttata: il «mondo di ieri» contro il mondo nuovo. La contrapposizione tra quartieri operai e cittŕ borghese era sottolineata anche dai caratteri architettonici di questi nuovi complessi residenziali: grandi corti chiuse, ove erano concentrate le funzioni collettive e culturali, accessi trattati come «porte» e in alcuni casi, come il Karl Marx-Hof, torrette distribuite lungo la facciata che restituivano l'immagine di un sistema fortezze, simbolicamente accerchianti la Vienna edifi cata negli ultimi giorni dell'impero, costruita attorno al Ring. A distanza di circa novant'anni lo stratifi carsi della storia ha conferito alle diverse parti di Vienna un carattere fortemente coeso: come avrebbe detto Robert Musil «tutto si č amalgamato»
Le implicazioni macro-urbanistiche delle reti di mobilitŕ sulla pianificazione a scala comunale
Authors: Corda Gian Paolo
Published: June 2021

Nel caso di studio si esaminano le potenzialitŕ derivanti al contesto urbano dalla posizione privilegiata che deriva dai collegamenti ferroviari del Sempione e del Gottardo, potenziati dai nuovi trafori, e dal possibile rilancio dell'aeroporto della Malpensa. Sul piano macrourbanistico, l'interesse deriva dal fatto che queste condizioni risultano strategiche per garantire un piů equilibrato assetto regionale, capace di superare l'insufficienza delle relazioni tra le cittŕ di corona della Lombardia e di valorizzare il sistema economico milaneselombardo nel suo complesso. L'occasione č stata quella di verificare come la predisposizione di un Pgt debba muoversi non solo in coerenza con un assetto pianificatorio sovraordinante ma come possa concorrere a sviluppare le potenzialitŕ derivanti da un assetto urbano e contribuire al perfezionamento di un grande sistema di cittŕ di rango europeo, non esaurito dalla sola Milano e dall'area urbana centrale.
Le politiche di trasporto europee e il loro impatto sull'assetto territoriale
Authors: Ponti Marco
Published: June 2021

Il cambio modale (dai mezzi su gomma a quelli su ferro, o comunque collettivi) č la connotazione fondamentale della politica europea dei trasporti, legata all'ambiente, ma certo anche alla protezione dei fornitori di trasporto collettivo, altrimenti destinati alla rapida scomparsa. Si esamineranno una serie di politiche specifiche, mettendone in luce il sostanziale fallimento (vincoli, spese, e azioni fi scali rilevantissime a fronte di risultati modali del tutto marginali). Si analizzeranno poi sommariamente i meccanismi strutturali che spingono, e spingeranno, imprese e famiglie ad assetti insediativi dispersi e appoggiati al trasporto su gomma, sia per merci che per passeggeri. Si considereranno infine politiche alternative, piů incentrate sulle innovazioni tecnologiche, e capaci di sfruttare a fi ni ambientali l'altissima ‘disponibilitŕ a pagare' degli utenti dei mezzi su gomma, anche evidenziando i vantaggi in termini di politica industriale di tale strategia.
Strategie del progetto architettonico, urbano e ambientale nel margine ovest di Milano
Authors: Coppetti Barbara
Published: June 2021

La necessitŕ di fermare in questa raccolta di testi e progetti lo stato della ricerca in un particolare momento č indotta dalla consapevolezza della condizione di temporaneitŕ che caratterizza la ricerca scientifica: essa in ogni fase e ad ogni passaggio non puň che porsi l'obiettivo di superare se stessa. Un processo che si sviluppa nel tempo mediante la ricomposizione dei materiali, il loro continuo aggiornamento, correzione e attribuzione di senso, fissato con gli scritti che seguono come provvisoria tappa di un percorso complesso.
La dialettica tra residenza e spazio aperto nella cittŕ contemporanea: processi generativi e costitutivi
Authors: Coppetti Barbara
Published: June 2021

La dissoluzione dell'isolato tradizionale inteso come unitŕ costitutiva del tessuto edilizio, determina una nuova organizzazione urbana che modifica radicalmente la dialettica fra residenza e spazio pubblico nella cittŕ. L'edificio diventa un volume reiterabile all'interno del quartiere e lo spazio libero si svuota dei suoi caratteri specifici. Da una logica in base alla quale ad ogni spazio viene assegnato un particolare carattere riconosciuto dalla pratica, si passa ad un principio insediativo le cui parole chiave sono ritmo, sequenza, intervalli, ripetibilitŕ. Il progetto architettonico e urbano intende rimarcare il senso celato degli odierni paesaggi della mediocritŕ e ricercare nuovi modi abitativi, usi e aggiornate tipologie che diano forma a relazioni aperte capaci di tracciare i processi trasformativi alla quota del suolo pubblico.
L'indagine del contesto climatico-ambientale come supporto al progetto sostenibile negli interventi di riqualificazione urbana
Authors: Bovati Marco
Published: June 2021

Dopo una premessa sul tema del rapporto tra sostenibilitŕ energetico-ambientale e progetto di riqualificazione di quartieri esistenti degradati, e dopo alcune considerazioni sul rapporto tra il progetto architettonico e urbano, la sua capacitŕ modificativa, il contesto ambientale oggetto della trasformazione e piů in generale le istanze della sostenibilitŕ, lo scritto intende indagare in senso metodologico il tema della lettura dei caratteri e delle perturbazioni ambientali di un sito, quale strumento di definizione di un quadro che orienti le scelte insediative verso un impianto progettuale compatibile con le risorse ambientali del luogo. L'obiettivo č la definizione di procedure che consentano l'individuazione di potenzialitŕ e criticitŕ ambientali, e lo studio dei loro criteri di rappresentazione.
Il valore aggiunto della pianificazione sovra-locale: interventi strategici e governo centrale in Olanda
Authors: Savini Federico
Published: June 2021

La progressiva decentralizzazione dei sistemi di pianificazione territoriale e la forte riduzione di capacitŕ di spesa dello Stato centrale sollevano questioni importanti sul ruolo dell'attore sovra-locale nelle pratiche di trasformazione urbana. Questo articolo dimostra che un possibile valore aggiunto della pianificazione sovra-locale si realizza nell'utilizzo di strumenti di governance, che agiscono sull'organizzazione e attivazione di processi decisionali complessi. A fronte dei suoi recenti sviluppi istituzionali, l'Olanda č trattato come caso studio per comprendere la mutazione del ruolo del Ministero della Pianificazione, delle Politiche abitative e dell'ambiente nella promozione e realizzazione di interventi strategici sul territorio.
Milano in etŕ post-unitaria: rappresentazione e strategie per la cittŕ
Authors: Balestreri Iasbella
Published: June 2021

Nell'ambito delle celebrazioni del 150° dell'Unitŕ d'Italia assume una notevole importanza un documento steso alla fi ne del 1864, firmato dall'ing. Domenico Cesa Bianchi, capo dell'Ufficio Tecnico milanese. Nel collage ad acquarello possono essere evidenziati almeno tre tipi di progetti: quelli che paiono essere legati a un Bando di concorso del 1860 , destinato a dar forma a programmi, intenzioni, desideri sui destini della cittŕ post-unitaria; quelli che, estranei alle richieste degli amministratori comunali, presentano forti caratteri di autonomia e pongono in anticipo problemi e soluzioni per lo sviluppo urbano che saranno affrontati solo vent'anni piů tardi; quelli che sembrano appartenere a un tempo ormai trascorso, che sono stati forse rifiutati, interrotti o che non sono mai usciti dal cassetto. Con l'opportuna distanza storica, la lettura analitica della loro stratificazione puň contribuire a ritrarre le radici della Milano contemporanea.
Dodo farming urban vegetable gardens in Helsinki
Authors: Larjosto Vilia , Raivio Paivi
Published: June 2021

Dodo is a Finnish Ngo which works for the environment and has been interested in urban agriculture since 2009. Since then, the practice of urban agriculture has become widespread and has become an integral part of the city landscape in Helsinki, as it has in the whole world. Dodo works as a catalyst for selfmanaged ‘urban farm' projects and urban gardens, encouraging citizens to reclaim areas in their neighbourhoods and in abandoned areas of the city. The initiatives carried forward so far have generated greater community cohesion and triggered the birth of new systems of local and biological production. In Scandinavia, where the growing season is very short, the climate represents the most interesting challenge, but so far it has discouraged neither the experts nor the beginners. This paper recounts the origin and the spread of this movement through a reading of three examples in the city of Helsinki.
Empowering local food connections for resilient city-regions. Planning through foodsheds or terroir?
Authors: Todorova Ilieva Rositsa
Published: June 2021

This essay explores two antonimic approaches adopted by planning to describe food production and supply systems deeply rooted in local communities. The fi rst is based on the concept of a ‘foodshed' and puts the accent on sustainability and ‘resilience', while the second refers to the notion of ‘terroir', with the emphasis on oneness and the intrinsic value of locally produced food. Through a reading of English and Italian case histories, the essay critically analyses the two approaches, their feasibility and the different results achieved in terms of effi ciency and effectiveness. The analysis is organised in two sections, each of which introduces the case history with a brief theoretical introduction. In the conclusions, the antynomy between the two approaches is re-examined and possible research developments on the subject are identifi ed.
Idiografia dell'agricoltura
Authors: Viganň Paola
Published: June 2021

Agriculture is designing cities today, not just in the sense of resuming its constituent rules in the construction of urban space, but by investing the condition of extended urban areas which we have been accustomed to calling cities for decades. The issues of réservoirs and of the relationships between biodiversity and agricultural areas and between the rural matrix and public areas are addressed in the two cases presented here (a study of the Durance Valley and the river park along the River Ripoll in Barcelona). They explore, even if only partially, the ‘idiography', the unique individuality, of agriculture, a specifi c design capable today of interacting again and differently from in the past in the construction of urban space on different scales.
Nonpassive grounds. Refiguring the residual landscape: a case in Milan
Authors: De Carli Beatrice
Published: June 2021

The text considers the role of residual outdoor spaces in the construction of planning in the Milan urban area. The thesis presented is that it is possible today to equip the Milan metropolitan area with new structural forms able to address complexity in a dimension of the whole by planning residual space, that huge and very varied quantity of outdoor spaces that can be surveyed and classifi ed as ‘residual'. More specifi cally, the paper discusses two types of consideration. The fi rst regards those processes of which the ‘residual' is the outcome. The second addresses the subject of forestation, defi ned as a horizon of meaning for planning outdoor space capable of grafting onto transformations in progress in the area.
Kahn e i suoi archetipi
Authors: Zanni Fabrizio
Published: June 2021

The inclusive principle, and the wall principle in particular, constitute one of the foundations of Louis Kahn's theoretical and construction work. From the primordial meaning of delimitation and the separation of different regions of space, the "wall' in Kahn's works acquires further and more sophisticated qualities, becoming a diaphragm, consisting of sequences of different wall principles: an ‘inhabited' or inhabitable wall, a spatial interspace. In other cases the wall principle is a device which determines the "poetic" relationship between "light" and "silence". In other works and theoretical thinking, the wall principle is deformed to the point where it accommodates inhabitable spaces within it, genuine "rooms", with or without roofs, based on the original idea of a column which expands to include space. For Kahn, a column, a sequence of columns, and a wall all belong to the same device and principle.
The Room: la meraviglia dell'inizio. Architettura e archetipo in Louis I. Kahn
Authors: Giacomini Lorenzo
Published: June 2021

Like a shining shadow, Louis Kahn's poetry is found in all his works, both built or just designed. In his conferences, Kahn formulates thoughts that often touch on notes of poetry, the sacred, or a mystic science of cosmos where the architect becomes a narrator of our origins. It is not, however, a question of simple cultural ornament, or a search for consensus, but a free inner necessity which produces expression, creation and design, and which translates into categories that literally materialise as architectural forms. ‘The Room', a 1971 sketch which shows the mind of this great ‘Philosopher by nature' like a stage, is an emblem of the original node that joins matter and spirit, which binds architecture and thought, architecture and archetype, well beyond the limits of Louis Kahn's personal experience.
Case dappoco. L'abitazione progressiva nell'esperienza cilena
Authors: Giannotti Emanuel
Published: June 2021

Elemental has recently reproposed the progressive dwelling as a means of addressing the problem of urban poverty. In Chile, this type of answer, based on the idea that a house is a process and not a fi nished object, has been experimented with since the 1950s and it has been implemented in numerous versions in relation to different social conditions, political demands and with respect to different background values. The progressive home is in fact open to various interpretations, not just with regard to the motivations which have supported it (which have ranged from pragmatic reasons to those of an ideological nature), but also because of the criticisms of it that have been made, which has raised doubts over its social effectiveness and the quality of the results. On the basis of various Chilean experiences, the paper considers the progressive dwelling in the light of certain critical issues that distinguish it.
Rio de Janeiro cittŕ dei mega eventi sportivi: progetti, politiche urbane e impatti sociali
Authors: Costa Giuliana
Published: June 2021

In the next two years, Rio de Janeiro will host the two largest sporting events on the planet, the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games. This article illustrates the context factors which led the city to enter the global scene through this strategy of events and it critically reviews the stages that led to this choice, explaining how it used the 2007 Pan American Games to gain accreditation in this market and how it was inspired by the experience of the Barcelona Olympics. An illustration is also given of the urban plans and policies that are taking shape for Rio 2014 and 2016, showing the existence of a gap between the rhetoric of the window of opportunity for the city as whole, the result of having acquired these events, and the heavily selective nature of their possible positive impacts.
Pianificare territori sostenibili e resilienti: la prospettiva dei servizi ecosistemici
Authors: Scolozzi Rocco , Morri Elisa , Santolini Riccardo
Published: June 2021

Through the delivery of eco systemic services (ES), the ecosystems of an area provide irreplaceable support to the quality of life of its inhabitants and the basic factors for lasting economic development. These services constitute the natural capital of a geographical area and also a sort of insurance policy against extreme events. The fi rst results of an original and fast method are presented here. It was found that each year Italian eco systems deliver goods and benefi ts equivalent (if their absence is hypothesised) to euro 71.3 billion. The trends for these values are more important: in just ten years some provinces seem to have lost more than 3% of their total value and up to 18% in the case of specifi c Ess. The prospects for Ess integrated in geographical assessment and planning could be supported by development strategies that are more aware of ecological processes and that are more farsighted.
Contemporary planning matters. The just city
Authors: Bricocoli Massimo , Ponzini Davide
Published: June 2021

What are the social reasons for urban planning activity? How can we discuss issues, principles, values and guidelines in urban planning action today? The title of these notes is drawn from a series of three seminars which we organised and held between 2011 and 2012, with support from the Diap. These notes accompany Susan Fainstein's essay at the beginning of this edition of the journal. The expression ‘contemporary planning matters' with its double meaning is both a reference to the reasons for contemporary planning activity and a pointer to the challenges of the subject and issues which urban planning action must meet today. It is on these big issues that we have invited Susan Fainstein, Tim Rieniets and Jacques Donzelot to dicuss the conditions to which urban and regional planning is subject today.
Chi governa un territorio sacro? La confraternita dei Layenne tra Yoff e Cambérčne
Authors: Piga Adriana
Published: June 2021

Considered from an anthropological standpoint, the urban structure of Dakar is revealed as an actual compromise between various cultural matrices. A local administration with a modern, western concept operates alongside a more traditional local government, which is in turn a reflection of the syncretism between Islam and the purely Lebou religious universe. Some neighbourhoods in Dakar are still sacred territories, where the authority of the mystic orders prevails - informally but openly - over that of democratically elected government bodies. This is the case of Yoff and Cambérčne, sacred places where management of the territory is entrusted to the Layene brotherhood.
Abitare permanente in un territorio provvisorio: i campi profughi Saharawi in Algeria
Authors: Scavuzzo Lina
Published: June 2021

This paper considers the political, social, and spatial consequences of the conflict in the Western Sahara and particularly the implications this has had in the development of refugee camps in Algeria. The essay revolves around three concepts. The first regards the support policies practiced by international governing bodies, through humanitarian aid aimed exclusively at satisfying basic needs. The second is the role international co-operation plays in the construction of a process of local development and therefore permanence in a territory the local community perceives as temporary. Finally, this paper considers the critical state created when a form of permanent habitation of a temporary territory collides with hostile environmental conditions in the absence of economic resources and above all the international policies that accompany this process.
Cittŕ dei Morti nella post-rivoluzione. Politiche urbane e nuove sfide socio-culturali al Cairo
Authors: La Mantia Costanza
Published: June 2021

Cairo is a dense, compact megalopolis with an urban growth, mostly the victim of inadequate or non-existent planning, that spilled out during the last century into the informal sector and is powerfully threatened by the new Cairo 2050 strategic plan. Policies already partially put into action before the revolution reflected a government characterised by a top-down system of decision-making, the same system the evolution strongly placed in jeopardy. For the City of the Dead, an immense historic cemetery, still functioning and still inhabited, and a major symbol of the complexity and contradictions that distinguish Cairo, this urban policy envisaged the complete eradication of the resident community and its destruction. The lack of recognition of its rich social and cultural fabric and the complex heritage unrecognised as a resource, underline an attitude that characterises the urban policies of the deposed Regime.
Immobili militari e trasformazioni urbane
Authors: Ponzini Davide , Vani Marco
Published: June 2021

Geopolitical changes over the last twenty years and new forms of war and military technology have had unnoticed effects on contemporary towns and cities. Areas and properties used by the military in very different ways and locations have become available for new civilian functions. Similar questions have been addressed by various disciplines, which have shown traits common to other types of abandoned areas and at times the problems have been simplified. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the complex process of abandonment and use in Italy over the last twenty years and the most significant EU programmes. It highlights issues that are to be addressed in this service and which will be used to compare projects and experiences in Italian and European towns and cities.
La conversione dei siti militari nella Repubblica Ceca: i casi di Hodonín e Uherské Hradiste
Authors: Hercik Jan , Tousek Vaclav , Sery Ondrej
Published: June 2021

The problem of the reuse of abandoned military sites has arisen in post-communist countries in central and eastern Europe since 1989. It brought about a sudden process of demilitarisation and a consequent loss of the original functions. The size of the armed forces has gradually been shrunk and their configuration changed, causing numerous areas and properties to be abandoned. The paper discusses the cases of two towns, Hodonín and Uherské Hradiste located in the south east of the Czech Republic, where the progressive reduction of the military presence has caused numerous barracks to be abandoned. Both towns are district capitals and have a population of over 25,000 inhabitants. Although the ways used to revitalise the towns were partly different, the restoration and renovation of the areas helped to generate development opportunities for both of them.
Restaurare un paesaggio industriale: il caso di Carbonia
Authors: Sanna Antonello
Published: June 2021

Established in the 1930s with the redesign of an entire area for coal mining purposes, Carbonia has developed a plan for the protection, conservation and reuse of its built heritage in the last decade, for which it received the 2011 award for landscape from the Council of Europe. The programme commenced with the change in the meaning of mining buildings to create a cultural and research centre to stand alongside ‘The Italian Centre for Coal Mining Culture'. The protection and development of the landscape was entrusted to the ‘Charter for architectural and urban quality' contained in the Urban Plan, which constituted the basis for the rules governing identity, design and modification. After the restoration of the public spaces and the central specialist buildings, the current objective is the ‘widespread restoration' of the residential fabric in a dialectic between conservation and modification.
Gli habitat delle mafie nel Nord Italia
Authors: Granata Elena , Savoldi Paola
Published: June 2021

The long sleep is over. The North, or at least the most active part of it, is not sleeping any longer. It no longer thinks that the mafia or the ‘ndrangheta are things that don't concern it, or that the most that northern citizens and young people (as, to their praise, schools and local authorities have done since the 1980s) can do is to twin with towns in the south, to support those in the so-called front line regions that are fighting against organised crime. Finally a revolutionary conviction is making headway: the mafia clans are at our own doors. They are seeking places on our local town councils. They are redrawing our towns and rewriting our planning rules. They are attacking an economy which was assumed to be virgin. They are changing civic morality (Antimafia in the North, Nando dalla Chiesa, 2011).
Ri-leggere Tor Bella Monaca. Mappare le aree sensibili al mutamento: criticità urbane come potenzialità rigenerative
Authors: Bracchi Paola
Published: June 2021

Too big, fragmented, rundown and inaccessible. These and others are the reasons which the City of Rome used to justify the demolition of Tor Bella Monaca. A few questions should be asked here. Is it possible to turn the problems into potential for regenerating the neighbourhood? Is it possible to use a new description of Tor Bella Monaca to demonstrate that the project proposed by the City administration will not solve the problems identified? Strategic objectives for the regeneration project were formulated on the basis of the problems. These were permeability, connection and relationship. The map of the areas which can be changed is used as the key factor in the process. On the one hand it identifies the areas and spatial categories in which the strategic objectives are concretely addressed and on the other hand - thanks to a process of interpretation and abstraction - it is open to the determination of regenerative strategies.
Gariwo, il giardino a crescita illimitata
Authors: Rocca Alessandro
Published: June 2021

Gariwo (the Garden of the Righteous in the World) is the place to commemorate people who opposed the violence of wars and persecution based on ethnic and religious differences. Starting with the memory of the Shoah, Gariwo extends its recognition of the ‘righteous' to the heroes of today. How do you design the Garden of the Righteous? Art, landscape and architecture are the areas in which to choose examples to organise the new Garden on Monte Stella, in Milan. The issues of design are neverending: the impossibility of finishing the list of the righteous; the figure, which image can interpret good in a contemporary sense; the word, how to recount the contents that it is wished to conserve in the garden; the movement, connected with an idea of knowledge as change, evolution, a path.
THE EVOLUTION AND TRANSFORMATION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT RESEARCH
Authors: Shevchuk Zhanna
Published: June 2021

In the study of market relations, the concept of "property rights" should be considered as an important precondition for economic development. The most controversial issue in the institutional research development is to determine the patterns of interaction between the economic and legal systems, particularly, in the context of the formation and development of the property rights as a set of economic, social, legal relations between members of society that give people usefulness or pleasure.
The theoretical framework for the formation of the institutional concept of the property rights is based on the socio-legal direction of American institutionalism and the Anglo-Saxon legal system. For the first time, American institutionalism paid attention to the economic aspects of the ownership transference of goods and services (market transactions) and the Anglo-Saxon law has studied the impact of the various forms of ownership on economic relations, in particular, in the structure of formation of transaction costs associated with market operations.
The theory of transaction costs has become the basis for the development of three areas of "neo-institutional" research on property rights: the first is the economics of law (theory of property rights), the second is the institutional theory of the state and the third is new economic history. The understanding of property rights is based on the following that property rights can be established to any rare tangible and intangible objects, even personal human rights. Moreover, the basis of the economic activity is the exchange of the property rights, market operations transactions. And the use of market mechanism for the exchanging of goods is followed by transaction costs. The market transactions costs determine the composition, structure and dynamics of changes in social institutions of society. And property rights have a significant impact on the behavior of property relations participants and encourage people to adhere to certain forms of behavior and cause them to avert other forms of activity. Compliance and violation of the rules established by the property rights is an act of a rational economic choice.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT OF OIL AND FAT COMPLEX ENTERPRISES
Authors: Kazandzhi Alona , Naida Iryna , Levina-Kostiuk Mariya
Published: June 2021

In the article is defined the essence of the organizational and economic mechanism. The main tasks of the organizational and economic mechanism of managing of the development of enterprises of the oil and fat complex at the national and regional levels, as well as at the level of a separate business entity are formed. It is proved that the need for the formation of organizational and economic mechanism of managing of the development of enterprises of the oil and fat complex is due to the disagreed of cross-sectoral links at all stages of the oil and product chain. It is determined that the organizational and economic mechanism of managing of the development of oil and fat complexes is a totality of organizational forms, administrative, economic and socio-psychological methods and management tools through which are done the regulation of organizational, technological and socio-economic relation for the purpose of realize the interests of subjects of these relations. The dynamics of the volume of production of major oilseeds in Ukraine is analyzed. Proposed and justified the feasibility of establishing a regional cluster of production of the organic high-oleic sunflower oil in the Odessa region, by which is meant as a voluntary association of companies and other organizational structures within the oil and fat industry that leading joint activities for the production of organic high oleic sunflower oil. Specificity of functioning of regional cluster from the production of organic high-olein sunflower-seed oil consists in that with satisfaction of economic interests of one participant efficiency of activity rises all other, and as a synergistic effect is development in Ukraine of market of organic products.The management structure of the cluster for the production of organic high-oleic sunflower oil has been developed. It is determined that the main task of the cluster is to balance the economic relations of its members, which provides the maximum value of effect indicators and efficiency. It is proved that the common interest for the cluster members should be the production and the sale of the organic high-oleic sunflower oil in order to obtain a high level of profit.