bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative sequencing study of mismatch repair and homology‐directed repair genes in endometrial cancer and breast cancer patients from Kazakhstan
Authors: Zheng Ying , Vdovichenko Natalia , Schürmann Peter , Ramachandran Dhanya , Geffers Robert , Speith Lisa‐Marie , Bogdanova Natalia , Enßen Julia , Dubrowinskaja Natalia , Yugay Tatyana , Yessimsiitova Zura Berkutovna , Turmanov Nurzhan , Hillemanns Peter , Dörk Thilo
Published: October 2024

Endometrial cancer has been associated with pathogenic variants in mismatch repair (MMR) genes, especially in the context of the hereditary Lynch Syndrome. More recently, pathogenic variants in genes of homology‐directed repair (HDR) have also been suggested to contribute to a subset of endometrial cancers. In the present hospital‐based study, we investigated the relative distribution of pathogenic MMR or HDR gene variants in a series of 342 endometrial cancer patients from the Oncology Clinic in Almaty, Kazakhstan. In comparison, we also sequenced 178 breast cancer patients from the same population with the same gene panel. Identified variants were classified according to ClinVar, ESM1b, and AlphaMissense prediction tools. We found 10 endometrial cancer patients (2.9%) carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in MMR genes (7 MSH6, 1 MSH2, 2 MUTYH), while 14 endometrial cancer patients (4.1%) carried pathogenic variants in HDR genes (4 BRCA2, 3 BRCA1, 3 FANCM, 2 SLX4, 1 BARD1, 1 BRIP1). In the breast cancer series, we found 8 carriers (4.5%) of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in MMR genes (2 MSH2, 2 MSH6, 4 MUTYH) while 12 patients (6.7%) harbored pathogenic or likely pathogenic HDR gene variants (5 BRCA1, 3 BRCA2, 1 BRIP1, 1 ERRC4, 1 FANCM, 1 SLX4). One patient who developed breast cancer first and endometrial cancer later carried a novel frameshift variant in MSH6. Our results indicate that MMR and HDR gene variants with predicted pathogenicity occur at substantial frequencies in both breast and endometrial cancer patients from the Kazakh population.
Tips for percutaneous nephrolithotomy for transplant kidney stone
Authors: Yagisawa Takafumi , Shimizu Tomokazu , Tachiki Ayane , Ishiyama Yudai , Onohara Tadashi , Iida Shoichi , Ishida Hideki , Takagi Toshio
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The management of urinary tract stones, particularly de novo kidney allograft stones, presents unique challenges for kidney transplant recipients because of their prevalence and specific clinical considerations. Here, we describe a case in which percutaneous nephrolithotomy was successfully used to fragment a large kidney allograft stone ≥20 mm in size.

Case presentation

A 57‐year‐old woman who underwent ureteroureterostomy post simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation presented with gross hematuria after 15 years. Computed tomography revealed a 23‐mm stone in the transplanted kidney. Initial attempts at endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery were changed to percutaneous nephrolithotomy because of poor ureter mobility and tortuosity. Stone fragmentation was achieved using pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotripsy. A second procedure using Swiss LithoClast® Trilogy enabled complete stone clearance and ureteral stent placement.

Conclusion

By understanding the peculiarities of the percutaneous approach, we demonstrated the safe and effective use of a pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotripter for kidney allograft stone fragmentation.
Diagnostic value of exosomal N‐glycan profiles for microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Feng Huijuan , Ke Junping , Zheng Liping , Huang Chenjun , Liu Lijuan
Published: October 2024

Background

Microvascular invasion (MVI) was a critical high‐risk factor for postoperative recurrence and adverse prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and there were no reliable non‐invasive pre‐operative diagnostic markers. The exosomal N‐glycan profile was closely related to the invasion and immune escape of HCC. Therefore, this article investigated the expression of N‐glycan profiles in serum exosomes of patients with HCC and its clinical significance for MVI.

Methods

Serum samples from 210 patients with HCC were collected and randomly divided into modeling and validation cohorts. The abundances of N‐glycans in serum exosomes with different MVI grades were determined. A diagnostic model for MVI in HCC based on N‐glycosylation was constructed and the diagnostic value was analyzed.

Results

In the modeling cohort, comparing groups M0 with M2, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) of the diagnostic model namely SUM (AUCSUM) was 0.861, the sensitivity of SUM was 92.68%, and the specificity of SUM was 79.41%, all of which were higher than the seven individual indexes (containing Peak 1, Peak 6, Peak 9, Peak 10, Peak 12, AFP, and PIVKA‐II). In the comparison between the M1 and M2 groups, the AUCSUM was 0.749, the sensitivity of SUM was 79.07%, and the specificity of SUM was 76.60%, all of which were higher than the seven individual indexes. When comparing the M0 and M1 groups, the AUCSUM was 0.712, the sensitivity of SUM was 88.57%, and the specificity of SUM was 65.00%. The AUCSUM and sensitivity of SUM were higher than the seven individual indexes and the specificity of SUM was slightly lower than that of AFP (68.18%) but higher than other individual indexes. The results of the validation cohort were similar to those of the modeling cohort.

Conclusion

The SUM model of serum exosomes can serve as an auxiliary diagnostic index for MVI staging in patients with HCC.
Unveiling the longitudinal reciprocal relationship between burnout and engagement among adolescent athletes in sport schools
Authors: Kuokkanen Joni , Saarinen Milla , Phipps Daniel J. , Korhonen Johan , Romar Jan‐Erik
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Burnout and engagement are pivotal for adolescents' well‐being and have received extensive attention in the educational literature. However, less is known about how these factors develop and interact within and between school and sport when adolescent athletes follow dual (school and sport) careers. The aim of this study was to examine the reciprocal relationship between engagement and burnout in school and sport through a cross‐lagged analysis of longitudinal associations.

Methods

A sample of 165 Finnish adolescent athletes (aged 14.5 years, 48.9% girls) enrolled in lower secondary sport schools (i.e., junior high schools) participated in a survey in spring 2019 (i.e., in Grade 8) and 1 year later, in spring 2020 (i.e., in Grade 9).

Results

Engagement and burnout had significant autoregressive relationships within school and sport. Furthermore, low levels of sport engagement in Grade 8 predicted sport burnout in Grade 9, and low levels of school burnout in Grade 8 predicted school engagement in Grade 9. Regarding cross‐domain effects, high levels of school engagement in Grade 8 predicted low levels of sport engagement in Grade 9.

Conclusions

The study shows that school and sport are distinct domains with unique associations between engagement and burnout in each domain. It also shows that adolescent athletes may maintain high school engagement by reducing their sport engagement. These findings highlight the need for sport school practitioners to develop intervention programs to address adolescents' school and sport needs and to support their holistic well‐being.
Swellable Biopolymer Composite Microneedle Patch for Pain‐Free Collection of Interstitial Fluid to Analyze Multiple Biomolecules
Authors: Chauhan Shreya Shashank , Prasad Aditi , Venuganti Venkata Vamsi Krishna
Published: October 2024

Sampling of interstitial fluid (ISF) using microneedle (MN) patch offers a pain‐free minimally invasive alternative to syringe needle‐based blood sample collection. However, there is a challenge in the development of MN patch that provides swelling behavior with sufficient mechanical strength for skin penetration. Here, we report fabrication of MN patch made of biopolymer composite containing iota‐carrageenan, gelatin, and polyethylene glycol. Calcium chloride was used as a crosslinker to improve mechanical strength. MN patch was characterized for integrity, swelling behavior, mechanical strength, aspiration of fluid from agarose gel, and the excised porcine ear skin. An array of 361 MNs was able to aspirate 36 ± 5 and 14 ± 1 μL fluid after application in agarose gel matrix and the ex vivo porcine skin model, respectively. MN patch applied in vivo rat model for 30 min resulted in the collection of ISF containing 267 ± 128 mg/dL, 24 ± 13 mg/dL, and 0.6 ± 0.4 mIU/mL of glucose, uric acid and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), respectively. The concentration of glucose, uric acid, and TSH in rat blood was found to be 199 ± 47 mg/dL, 8.4 ± 6 mg/dL, and 1.1 ± 0.6 mIU/mL at the same time. Furthermore, MN patch applied on the forearm of 10 healthy human volunteers for 30 min was able to aspirate 32 ± 14 μL of ISF. The concentration of glucose, uric acid, and TSH determined from ISF samples of human volunteers was 64 ± 25 mg/dL, 4.2 ± 4.1 mg/dL, and 0.16 ± 0.08 mIU/mL, respectively. The visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score after MN application was lower compared with hypodermic syringe needle insertion. Taken together, biopolymer composite‐based swellable MN patch can be developed for collection of ISF for simultaneous determination of multiple biomolecules in a minimally invasive manner.
The Bacterial Species Behind the Wound and Their Antibacterial Resistant Pattern: A Three‐Year Retrospective Study at St. Dominic Hospital, Akwatia, Ghana
Authors: Deku John Gameli , Aninagyei Enoch , Bedzina Israel , Goloe Francisca Esenam , Eshun Vida Angmorkie , Agyei Eunice , Nmoandor Jonathan Maniye , Duneeh Richard Vikpebah , Duedu Kwabena Obeng
Published: October 2024

Background

Wound infections are often underestimated issues that can lead to chronic illnesses, and since the introduction of antibiotics, wound complications have become less common. However, due to the increased and irrational use of these antibiotics, the resistance in the bacterial isolates has become very common. This has led to reduced treatment options, delay in wound healing, and high treatment costs. This study aimed to investigate bacterial wound infections and their antibiotic resistance at St. Dominic Hospital, Ghana.

Methods

A total of 517 records of wound swab culture and susceptibility testing, and patient demographics from 2020 to 2022 were collected from the microbiology unit of St. Dominic Hospital in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2019, cleaned, and exported into IBM SPSS v26 for the statistical analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses.

Results

The overall prevalence of bacteriological agents causing wound infection in individuals who visited the St. Dominic Hospital from 2020 to 2022 was 70.21% (363/517), with S. aureus 79/363 (21.76%) being the most abundant isolate. Out of the 79 S. aureus isolated, 40 (50.63%) and 39 (49.37%) were resistant to ampicillin and cephalexin, respectively. More than 50% of the predominant Gram‐negative isolate, K. pneumoniae, were resistant to clindamycin 45/72 (62.50%) but susceptible to levofloxacin 70/72 (97.22%), cefotetan 69/72 (95.83%), and chloramphenicol 67/72 (93.06%).

Conclusion

Antibacterial susceptibility patterns revealed significant resistance trends, particularly among Gram‐negative isolates, emphasizing the urgent need for prudent antibiotic use and ongoing surveillance to combat resistance.
Development and initial validation of the Immigrant Optimism Questionnaire (IOQ) for immigrant‐origin young adults
Authors: Arce Maria Alejandra , Kuperminc Gabriel P.
Published: October 2024

Immigrant optimism has been identified as a cultural protective factor that could be targeted in prevention efforts that support immigrant well‐being. However, to date, immigrant optimism has not been consistently operationalized. We report on an iterative and collaborative approach to develop and validate a measure of immigrant optimism. Methods: Content validity was established using feedback from immigrant‐origin young adults and from experts in the field. Then, using survey data from 241 immigrant‐origin young adults, we examined reliability, validity, and invariance of our measure among first‐ and second‐generation immigrants. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a single immigrant optimism factor explains significant variation in each of our indicators. Our measure was further invariant across first‐ and second‐generation immigrant youth and demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusions: Findings support the use of our measure with immigrant‐origin young adults. We offer considerations for future research and highlight implications for prevention efforts.
Low fluid shear stress stimulates the uptake of noxious endothelial extracellular vesicles via MCAM and PECAM‐1 cell adhesion molecules
Authors: Coly Pierre‐Michaël , Chatterjee Shruti , Mezine Fariza , Jekmek Christelle El , Devue Cécile , Nipoti Thomas , Mazlan Stephane , Corona Maribel Lara , Dingli Florent , Loew Damarys , van Niel Guillaume , Loyer Xavier , Boulanger Chantal M.
Published: October 2024

Atherosclerotic lesions mainly form in arterial areas exposed to low shear stress (LSS), where endothelial cells express a senescent and inflammatory phenotype. Conversely, areas exposed to high shear stress (HSS) are protected from plaque development. Endothelial extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to regulate inflammation and senescence, and therefore play a crucial role in vascular homeostasis. Whilst previous studies have shown links between hemodynamic forces and EV release, the effects of shear stress on the release and uptake of endothelial EVs remains elusive. We aim to decipher the interplay between these processes in endothelial cells exposed to atheroprone or atheroprotective shear stress. Confluent HUVECs were exposed to LSS or HSS for 24 h. Large and small EVs were isolated from conditioned medium by centrifugation and size exclusion chromatography. They were characterised by TEM, Western blot, tunable resistive pulse sensing, flow cytometry and proteomics. Uptake experiments were performed using fluorescently‐labelled EVs and differences between groups were assessed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. We found that levels of large and small EVs in conditioned media were fifty and five times higher in HSS than in LSS conditions, respectively. In vivo and in vitro uptake experiments revealed greater EV incorporation by cells exposed to LSS conditions. Additionally, endothelial LSS‐EVs have a greater affinity for HUVECs than HSS‐EVs or EVs derived from platelets, erythrocytes and leukocytes. Proteomic analysis revealed that LSS‐EVs were enriched in adhesion proteins (PECAM1, MCAM), participating in EV uptake by endothelial cells. LSS‐EVs also carried mitochondrial material, which may be implicated in elevating ROS levels in recipient cells. These findings suggest that shear stress influences EV biogenesis and uptake. Given the major role of EVs and shear stress in vascular health, deciphering the relation between these processes may yield innovative strategies for the early detection and treatment of endothelial dysfunction.
Size photometry and fluorescence imaging of immobilized immersed extracellular vesicles
Authors: Wallucks Andreas , DeCorwin‐Martin Philippe , Shen Molly L. , Ng Andy , Juncker David
Published: October 2024

Immunofluorescence analysis of individual extracellular vesicles (EVs) in common fluorescence microscopes is gaining popularity due to its accessibility and high fluorescence sensitivity; however, EV number and size are only measurable using fluorescent stains requiring extensive sample manipulations. Here we introduce highly sensitive label‐free EV size photometry (SP) based on interferometric scattering (iSCAT) imaging of immersed EVs immobilized on a glass coverslip. We implement SP on a common inverted epifluorescence microscope with LED illumination and a simple 50:50 beamsplitter, permitting seamless integration of SP with fluorescence imaging (SPFI). We present a high‐throughput SPFI workflow recording >10,000 EVs in 7 min over ten 88 × 88 µm2 fields of view, pre‐ and post‐incubation imaging to suppress background, along with automated image alignment, aberration correction, spot detection and EV sizing. We achieve an EV sizing range from 37 to ∼220 nm in diameter with a dual 440 and 740 nm SP illumination scheme, and suggest that this range can be extended by more advanced image analysis or additional hardware customization. We benchmark SP to flow cytometry using calibrated silica nanoparticles and demonstrate superior, label‐free sensitivity. We showcase SPFI's potential for EV analysis by experimentally distinguishing surface and volumetric EV dyes, observing the deformation of EVs adsorbed to a surface, and by uncovering distinct subpopulations in <100 nm‐in‐diameter EVs with fluorescently tagged membrane proteins.
Cardiac genetic counseling services: Exploring downstream revenue in a pediatric medical center
Authors: Olson Marianne , Anderson Jeffrey , Knapke Sara , Kushner Adam , Martin Lisa , Statile Christopher , Shikany Amy , Miller Erin M.
Published: October 2024

Genetic counseling is an important component of pediatric cardiac care. The financial costs and benefits of this care have yet to be defined in the literature. Downstream revenue (DSR) analysis can be used to assess the economic impact of genetic counselors (GCs) at their institution beyond the initial patient contact. Previous literature has reported DSR generated by oncology GCs, but there is no published DSR data from a cardiac GC setting. This study measured the DSR generated at a private hospital following a cardiac GC appointment. A chart review identified patients seen by a cardiac GC between 2018 and 2022. The study population included patients and their pediatric relatives who had not previously seen a cardiologist. Patients were included if they were affected with or at‐risk for long QT syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, or familial thoracic aortic aneurysm at the time of the GC visit. We recorded the frequency of common cardiac services and calculated the reimbursement for all cardiology services for 1 year following the initial GC appointment. The cohort included 121 participants from 61 families. Most individuals were at‐risk for (n = 114, 94.3%) rather than affected by an inherited cardiac condition and presented for screening. The total DSR was $247,592.27, with an annual median of $1819.50 per patient (IQR $0, $3761.33). Revenue was similar among individuals who had undergone genetic testing and those who had not. Among participants, 72 (59.5%) had subsequent cardiology services. Most frequently, a patient who presented for subsequent care had an EKG, an echocardiogram, and a cardiology appointment. While the economic contributions of GC services do not speak to the broader value of GC involvement in patient care, they are important metrics for sustainability. This study outlines an approach to evaluating DSR and establishes a baseline understanding of DSR related to cardiac GC services.
B4C‐Assisted Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hu Dimei , Yu Lulu , Wei Zijian , Zhan Lingpeng , Luo Peiqi
Published: October 2024

A novel inorganic nonmetallic material boron carbide (B4C) was applied in paper spray ionization to analyze organic molecules in both negative and positive modes. The utilization of B4C has led to a notable enhancement in signal responses for various molecules, including bisphenols and drugs, by approximately two to four times. The limit of detection (LOD) of bisphenol AF and nilotinib standard solutions can reach 1 and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, linear relationships for bisphenol AF was established within the concentration range of 1–100 μg/mL, exhibiting strong correlation coefficients. Recovery experiments for BPAF in water samples from the inlet and outlet of a sewage treatment plant, conducted without any pretreatment, achieved a maximum recovery rate of 98.8% and an RSD below 9.78%.
Viral whole genome sequencing reveals high variations in APOBEC3 editing between HPV risk categories
Authors: Ferré Valentine Marie , Coppée Romain , Gbeasor‐Komlanvi Fifonsi A. , Vacher Sophie , Bridier‐Nahmias Antoine , Bucau Margot , Salou Mounerou , Lameiras Sonia , Couvelard Anne , Dagnra Anoumou Claver , Bieche Ivan , Descamps Diane , Ekouevi Didier K. , Ghosn Jade , Charpentier Charlotte
Published: October 2024

High‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are responsible for cervical cancer. However, little is known about the differences between HPV types and risk categories regarding their genetic diversity and particularly APOBEC3‐induced mutations – which contribute to the innate immune response to HPV. Using a capture‐based next‐generation sequencing, 156 HPV whole genome sequences covering 43 HPV types were generated from paired cervical and anal swabs of 30 Togolese female sex workers (FSWs) sampled in 2017. Genetic diversity and APOBEC3‐induced mutations were assessed at the viral whole genome and gene levels. Thirty‐four pairwise sequence comparisons covering 24 HPV types in cervical and anal swabs revealed identical infections in the two anatomical sites. Differences in genetic diversity among HPV types was observed between patients. The E6 gene was significantly less conserved in low‐risk HPVs (lrHPVs) compared to high‐risk HPVs (hrHPVs) (p = 0.009). APOBEC3‐induced mutations were found to be more common in lrHPVs than in hrHPVs (p = 0.005), supported by our data and by using large HPV sequence collections from the GenBank database. Focusing on the most common lrHPVs 6 and 11 and hrHPVs 16 and 18, APOBEC3‐induced mutations were predominantly found in the E4 and E6 genes in lrHPVs, but were almost absent in these genes in hrHPVs. The variable APOBEC3 mutational signatures could contribute to the different oncogenic potentials between HPVs. Further studies are needed to conclusively determine whether APOBEC3 editing levels are associated to the carcinogenic potential of HPVs at the type and sublineage scales.
Statistical Characteristics of Snowfall on the Tibetan Plateau Affected by TCs Over the Bay of Bengal: An Observational Analysis
Authors: Ye Wei , Li Ying , Yuan Yuan
Published: October 2024

In this study, the characteristics of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) that affect snowfall on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and spatiotemporal distribution of snowfall related to BoB TCs are statistically analysed by using multi‐sources data from 1981 to 2020, with partitioning TC‐influenced snowfall by tracking cloud clusters. The results show that 141 TCs formed during the 40‐year period of 1981–2020, of which about 35% (50 TCs) impacted snowfall at 83% of meteorological stations on the TP during their northward or westward movement, and the average distance between the TC centre and the snowfall stations is 1277 km. The proportion of snowfall‐related TC frequency shows a significantly decreasing trend with a predominant cycle of 10a. The TC‐influenced snowfall frequency (SF), precipitation amount (PA) on a snowfall day and snow depth (SD) during 1981–2020 all show a non‐significant weak decreasing trend, while TC‐influenced snowfall is significantly increased in the eastern and southern edges of Xizang, western Sichuan and the southern margin of Qinghai. PA and SD in December account for more than 75% and 55% of the monthly total, respectively. The spatial pattern of PA could be objectively categorised into west‐type (24%) and southeast‐type (76%). The moisture transported by the BoB TC and a southerly jet stream formed between the trough and the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), the convergence of cold air and warm–moist airstream over the TP and the change in position of the south Asian high in the upper troposphere are significant factors causing the different spatial distribution. The results can provide reference for TC‐related snowfall, SD prediction and disaster assessment on the TP.
Angle‐Resolved Polarized Raman Study of Layered Cr2Se3
Authors: Irziqat Mohammed A. , Weerahennedige Hiruni , Vithanage Dinushika , Ronau Zane , Weerarathne Hansaka , Weerasekera Naveen , Sumanasekera Gamini , Yu Ming , Jasinski Jacek B.
Published: October 2024

The polarization‐resolved Raman spectra of two‐dimensional Cr2Se3 synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and chemical vapor transport (CVT) techniques were investigated in detail. The samples were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). A distinct polarization dependence was observed in the Raman intensity of all the Cr‐Cr, Cr‐Se, and Se‐Se modes in both samples. The observed angle‐dependent Raman intensities of each peak could be related to the crystal structure‐specific Raman tensor. XRD results of the bulk Cr2Se3 sample synthesized via CVT confirm its trigonal crystal structure, and the Raman peaks can be fitted using the Raman tensors for the 𝐴𝑔 and 𝐸𝑔 modes for both the parallel and crossed polarizations. However, for the Cr2Se3 samples directly grown on Si/SiO2 substrates by CVD, it was necessary to assume the triclinic crystal structure in order to explain the polarized Raman dependence of all the peaks in both parallel and crossed polarization directions. This is the first experimental result suggesting the existence of triclinic Cr2Se3 crystal structure, which has been theoretically predicted in the Materials Project database.
Racial Disparities in Surgical Oncologic Research Funding and Impact on Diverse Populations
Authors: White Midori , Johnston Fabian
Published: October 2024

Racial disparities in surgical oncology research funding significantly impact minority researchers and diverse populations. This review explores historical factors contributing to the underrepresentation of minorities in academic medicine. Strategies for addressing these disparities include enhancing diversity in the physician workforce and improving funding opportunities for minority researchers, with the goal of improving patient outcomes and reducing cancer care disparities.
Racial Inequities in Receiving Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer Are Associated With Worse Outcomes in Louisiana
Authors: Malinosky Hannah R. , Chapple Andrew G. , Hargis McKenzie , Wu Xiao‐Cheng , Efishat Mohammad Al , Lyons John , Watson James C. , Maluccio Mary , Nfonsam Valentine N. , Moaven Omeed
Published: October 2024

Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. In recent years, the approach to managing this malignancy has evolved toward embracing neoadjuvant treatment (NAT), backed by studies reporting its survival benefit. This study aimed to identify factors that contribute to disparities in NAT utilization and their impact on outcomes in patients with PDAC who underwent resection in Louisiana.

Methods

Data on diagnosed PDAC cases were obtained from the Louisiana Tumor Registry between 2000 and 2020. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to adjust for potential confounding factors in assessing the covariate relationships with NAT use. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine which factors were associated with survival. Chained multiple imputation was performed on covariates with missing data in multivariable regressions.

Results

The study encompassed 2121 patients who underwent resection for PDAC. Upon controlling for potential confounding variables, Black patients were on average 5.7% less likely to receive NAT than their White counterparts (ATE = 5.7, aOR= 0.56, 95% CI = 0.40−0.80, p = 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, there was a significant decrease in the risk of overall death for patients who received NAT (aHR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71−0.94, p = 0.006). There was no significant interaction between race and NAT for the risk of death.

Conclusion

Black patients with PDAC were less likely to receive NAT before resection in Louisiana. Overall survival improved in patients who underwent NAT. These differences were independent of insurance status and poverty zip codes, and future investigations should identify modifiable barriers to access and receipt of NAT in patients with PDAC.
Review of Options to Traditional HIPEC for Prevention and Treatment of Peritoneal Metastases
Authors: Sugarbaker Paul H.
Published: October 2024

Cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC has definite application to the management of selected patients with peritoneal metastases. Patients who profit most have a complete cytoreductive surgery. Higher‐grade tumors such as colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and ovarian malignancy are benefited by CRS and HIPEC only under limited circumstances. High‐grade tumor invades subperitoneal lymphatics where HIPEC is not effective. Options to traditional HIPEC for treatment of invasive intraabdominal malignancies with peritoneal metastases must be explored.
Tourism and Economic Growth: Assessing the Significance of Sustainable Competitiveness Using a Dynamic Panel Data Approach
Authors: Lin Woon Leong
Published: October 2024

This study explores the tourism‐led growth hypothesis (TLGH) by assessing the moderating role of sustainable competitiveness across 203 countries from 2000 to 2019. Utilizing the system generalized method of moments (SYS‐GMM) approach, the analysis confirms that tourism contributes positively to economic growth, with variations observed across different income levels and degrees of competitiveness. The findings indicate that both low‐ and high‐income countries experience enhanced economic benefits from tourism when competitiveness is prioritized. The study underscores the importance of developing sustainable competitiveness strategies as a means to amplify tourism's positive effects on economic growth. These insights provide a valuable basis for policymakers aiming to leverage tourism as a catalyst for sustainable economic development across diverse national contexts.
Eosinophilic dermatosis of haematologic malignancy treated with ibrutinib: A case report
Authors: Dradi Giulia Greta , Gamo Villegas Reyes , Pinedo Moraleda Fernando , López Estebaranz Jose Luis
Published: October 2024

Eosinophilic dermatosis of haematologic malignancy is an infrequent skin disorder characterised by severe pruritus and skin lesions resembling arthropod bites. It primarily affects individuals with underlying haematological conditions, most commonly chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). While it does not correlate with a worse prognosis for the haematological disease itself, it significantly impacts patients' quality of life due to the distressing pruritus and recurring nature. Clinical presentation typically shows erythematous papules resembling arthropod bites, with less frequent occurrences of urticarial plaques or bullous lesions. Histologically, an intense and polymorphous inflammatory infiltrate is found both in the superficial and deep dermis, marked by an abundance of eosinophils and the absence of atypical cells. Treatment of this disease remains uncertain, with corticosteroids often being the only effective therapy. Here, we present the case of an 80‐year‐old patient with a history of CLL, who experienced a widespread, itchy eruption of papules and plaques over 2 months. Despite various therapeutic attempts, the lesions only responded to high‐dose corticosteroids. Following the initiation of ibrutinib at a daily dose of 420 mg, both the skin lesions and pruritus resolved within 3 months. Ibrutinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved as a first‐line treatment for CLL. However, its potential as a remedy for refractory eosinophilic dermatosis has not been reported thus far.
Presenting JAK inhibitor safety information to dermatology patients
Authors: Teixeira Anthony J. , Duong Jessica Q. , Parraga Shirley P. , Feldman Steven R.
Published: October 2024

Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors are treatment options for dermatologic conditions such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, and alopecia areata. Guidance on how to counsel patients on these novel treatments is limited. The purpose of this review is to provide options providers can use to discuss JAK inhibitors with dermatology patients. The PubMed database was searched for terms including “dermatology JAK inhibitor safety” and “presenting information to patients.” Relevant literature was selected for inclusion. Black box warnings were placed on JAK inhibitors after a large, controlled trial in rheumatoid arthritis patients did not prove that tofacitinib was as safe as tumor necrosis factor inhibitors; in clinical trials for dermatologic conditions, JAK inhibitors had low risks of serious adverse events. Patient barriers to comprehending treatment information include conflicting information and limited time for discussion of risks. To address these barriers, suggested approaches have included speaking in simple phrases, providing reliable sources, and offering educational materials appropriate for different cultures. When discussing risks, physicians may use anecdotes and frame risks and side effects in ways that decrease anxiety. JAK inhibitors have uncommon severe side effects and related concerns that may be hard for patients to overcome, even when benefits exceed risks. Standard educational approaches can be complemented by anecdotes and framing to help diminish patients' anxiety.
4D Printing of Multifunctional and Biodegradable PLA‐PBAT‐Fe3O4 Nanocomposites with Supreme Mechanical and Shape Memory Properties
Authors: Yousefi Mohammad Amin , Rahmatabadi Davood , Baniassadi Majid , Bodaghi Mahdi , Baghani Mostafa
Published: October 2024

4D printing magneto‐responsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) using biodegradable nanocomposites can overcome their low toughness and thermal resistance, and produce smart materials that can be controlled remotely without contact. This study presented the development of 3D/4D printable nanocomposites based on poly (lactic acid) (PLA)‐poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) blends and magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The nanocomposites are prepared by melt mixing PLA‐PBAT blends with different Fe3O4 contents (10, 15, and 20 wt%) and extruded into granules for material extrusion 3D printing. The morphology, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), mechanical properties, and shape memory behavior of the nanocomposites are investigated. The results indicated that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles are preferentially distributed in the PBAT phases, enhancing the storage modulus, thermal stability, strength, elongation, toughness, shape fixity, and recovery of the nanocomposites. The optimal Fe3O4 loading is found to be 10 wt%, as higher loadings led to nanoparticle agglomeration and reduced performance. The nanocomposites also exhibited fast shape memory response under thermal and magnetic activation due to the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The 3D/4D printable nanocomposites demonstrated multifunctional multi‐trigger shape‐memory capabilities and potential applications in contactless and safe actuation.
Ion Source Complementarity for Characterization of Complex Organic Mixtures Using Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry: A Review
Authors: Mase Charlotte , Sueur Maxime , Lavanant Hélène , Rüger Christopher Paul , Giusti Pierre , Afonso Carlos
Published: October 2024

Complex organic mixtures are found in many areas of research, such as energy, environment, health, planetology, and cultural heritage, to name but a few. However, due to their complex chemical composition, which holds an extensive potential of information at the molecular level, their molecular characterization is challenging. In mass spectrometry, the ionization step is the key step, as it determines which species will be detected. This review presents an overview of the main ionization sources employed to characterize these kinds of samples in Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT‐MS), namely electrospray (ESI), atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI), and (matrix‐assisted) laser desorption ionization ((MA)LDI), and their complementarity in the characterization of complex organic mixtures. First, the ionization techniques are examined in the common direct introduction (DI) usage. Second, these approaches are discussed in the context of coupling chromatographic techniques such as gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography.
An approach to determine pathological breast tissue samples with free‐space measurement method at 24 GHz
Authors: Toprak Rabia , Gultekin Seyfettin Sinan , Kayabasi Ahmet , Çelik Zeliha Esin , Tekin Fatma Hicret , Uzer Dilek
Published: October 2024

Pathology is an important branch of science in the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases. In cancer diseases, serious investigations have been made about the course of the diseases. A report that is essential for both the patient and the doctor is prepared by the pathologists as a result of a detailed cellular examination. These reports contain information about the disease. Access duration to these reports, which affects the form and duration of the treatment, is extremely important today. It is possible to shorten this period with systems using antenna technologies. The pathological breast tissue samples have been examined by using horn antenna structures with high gain in this study. Dual identical horn antennas have been placed opposite each other as receivers and transmitters in the measurement setup at 24 GHz. Measurements of normal and cancerous breast tissues have been made, and the normalization process has been applied to the measured scattering parameters. The different values between normal and cancerous breast tissues have been shown with this process. The normalized values are compared with other analyzed values. According to the results obtained, the percentage of normalized values for transmission is much more effective and meaningful than other results.
Can We Differentiate Between Organic and Functional Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Males With Parkinson's Disease?
Authors: Vírseda‐Chamorro Miguel , Salinas‐Casado Jesús , Adot‐Zurbano José‐María , Méndez‐Rubio Santiago , Moreno‐Sierra Jesús
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To determine the type of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Material and Method

A case–control study was carried out in 46 patients divided into two groups. Group 1 formed by 23 PD patients with BOO (a URA parameter ≥ 29 cm H2O). Group 2 formed by 23 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and compressive obstruction (an opening pressure > 35 cm H2O) and URA parameter ≥ 29 cm H2O). Both groups underwent a pressure‐flow study to calculate Dynamic Urethral Resistance Relationship (DURR) patterns. Based on previous research, we describe two types of DURR pattern. Pattern A typical of dynamic or functional obstruction and pattern B typical of static or organic obstruction.

Results

We found that PD patients had a significantly higher frequency of pattern A (70%) than BPH patients (4%). Other significant differences between groups were age (greater in PD group), bladder compliance (greater in PD group), maximum flow rate [Qmax (greater in BPH group)], maximum detrusor pressure [Pmax (greater in BPH group)], detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate [PQmax (greater in BPH group)], opening detrusor pressure (greater in BPH group), and the bladder contractility parameters BCI and Wmax (greater in BPH group). There were no significant differences in perineal voiding electromyography (EMG) activity between groups nor relationship between voiding EMG activity and the type of DURR pattern.

Conclusions

Our results are consistent with the usefulness of the DURR pattern to differentiate between functional and organic BOO in PD patients. Most PD patients have functional obstruction although a minority has organic obstruction consistent with BPH.
New Ibuprofen Cystamine Salts With Improved Solubility and Anti‐Inflammatory Effect
Authors: Denizkusu Simay , Sabuncu Ece , Sipahi Hande , Avci Duygu
Published: October 2024

Two novel ibuprofen cystamine salts (IBU‐CYS 1 and IBU‐CYS 2) are synthesized by coupling the anion of ibuprofen with cystamine dihydrochloride in 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 ratio to improve the solubility and bioavailability of ibuprofen. The salts are characterized by 1H NMR, FT‐IR and UV‐Vis spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA, DTA) and X‐ray diffraction measurements. IBU‐CYS 1 and IBU‐CYS 2 show higher solubility (6.11 and 7.81 mg/mL) compared to ibuprofen (0.04 mg/mL) in water. IBU‐CYS2 was encapsulated into 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate: poly (ethylene glycol) acrylate hydrogels for enhanced delivery. The in vitro studies in PBS (pH 7.4) indicate that the salts are effective in relieving inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 macrophage cells (nitrite inhibition percentages of IBU‐CYS 1, IBU‐CYS 2 and ibuprofen: approximately 34.29, 27.03 and 31.50 respectively) while indicating no cytotoxicity. Therefore, these salts may be promising candidates for the development of effective formulations of this drug.
Effect of hybrid sizings on the surface morphology, mechanical behavior of basalt fibers, and fiber/epoxy composite properties
Authors: Agrawal Mayank , Durai Prabhakaran R. T.
Published: October 2024

In the present study, the basalt fibers (BFs) were treated with hybrid sizings consisting silane coupling agent (3‐Glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SNPs). Using acetone washing and heat treatment, the commercial sizing previously on the BFs was removed. Next, the fibers were dip‐coated, and silanes condensed on the surface of the fibers. Fiber samples were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The test findings demonstrate that acetone extraction was an effective way to remove sizings. The AFM analysis and SEM micrographs demonstrate that SNP and silane particles were dispersed uniformly across the fiber surface. The single fiber tensile testing results indicated that the deposition of hybrid sizings enhanced the fibers strength. Because of the better adhesion between the fiber and epoxy, the hybrid sizings also improved the flexural strength by 22.28% and the interlaminar shear strength by 20.75%.

Highlights

Hybrid sizings (silanes and nano‐particles) on the basalt fiber surface.

Characterization of the sizings and understanding of surface morphology.

Hybrid sizings resulted in better tensile strength.

Failure mechanisms of the fibers were observed using fractography.

The effect of hybrid sizing on ILSS and flexural properties was observed.
Association between gastroprotective agents and acute kidney injury in patients receiving non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs: Analysis of a Japanese hospital‐based database
Authors: Mitsuboshi Satoru , Imai Shungo , Kizaki Hayato , Hori Satoko
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The concomitant use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) potentially increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the risk of AKI has not been comprehensively assessed for the concomitant use of NSAIDs with gastroprotective agents such as misoprostol and PPIs. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the use of various gastroprotective agents affects the risk of AKI in patients receiving NSAIDs.

Methods

The data analyzed were obtained from the JMDC hospital‐based administrative claims database between April 2014 and August 2022. Histamine‐2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) were compared with PPIs or misoprostol in patients receiving NSAIDs. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI. The covariates considered were age and sex, admission to intensive care unit, presence of comorbidities based on the modified Charlson Comorbidity Index, and use of renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors, loop diuretics, other diuretics, and lithium. AKI was identified by changes in serum creatinine. The distribution of AKI was analyzed using the log‐rank test, and estimates of the incidence of AKI were compared among the groups using a Cox proportional hazards model with time‐varying variables. Models were adjusted using a doubly robust method that accounts for the inverse probability of treatment weighting at baseline while adjusting for covariates.

Results

After screening, 11,688 patients were eligible for inclusion (1729 for H2RAs, 368 for misoprostol, and 9591 for PPIs). AKI occurred in 0.5% of H2RA recipients and 1.1% of PPI recipients; no AKI was observed in the misoprostol group. Compared with H2RAs, the risk of AKI tended to be higher with PPIs (adjusted hazard ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 0.92–3.63, p = 0.08).

Conclusion

Compared with H2RAs, PPIs may increase the risk of AKI in patients receiving NSAIDs, although no statistically significant difference was observed. Further research is required to assess the risk trade‐off with consideration of both peptic ulcer prevention and the increased risk of AKI in patients concurrently treated with NSAIDs and H2RAs, misoprostol, or PPIs.
Understanding Heat Dissipation Factors for Fixed‐Tilt and Single‐Axis Tracked Open‐Rack Photovoltaic Modules: Experimental Insights
Authors: Pretorius Johannes , Nielsen Shaun
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the results of long‐term experiments conducted on fixed‐tilt (FT) and single‐axis tracked (SAT) open‐rack photovoltaic (PV) modules in South Africa. Utilising Faiman's heat dissipation model and data filtering method, the study demonstrates favourable comparisons of FT experimental results with literature while yielding novel heat dissipation factors for SAT modules. Enhanced heat dissipation is observed in no/low wind conditions for SAT modules compared to FT modules. Analyses reveal the influence of plane‐of‐array (POA) irradiance, wind speed and direction on module temperature, with SAT modules exhibiting greater heat dissipation stability. An investigation into data filtering methods suggests minor sensitivity for both configurations, with a slightly more pronounced impact on SAT modules. Assessments comparing module temperature predictions using diverse heat dissipation factors for FT modules reveal negligible sensitivity. This suggests that exact heat dissipation factor values may not be crucial for accurate predictions of module temperature in FT open‐rack systems. Annual power output simulations using PVsyst software demonstrate a 2.9% and 3.3% enhancement for FT and SAT configurations, respectively, when employing experimentally determined heat dissipation factors. These findings highlight the importance of realistic, configuration‐specific heat dissipation factors in optimising PV system performance, particularly in the competitive context of modern PV power plant construction and techno‐economic calculations.