bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Does Market Making Affect Industrial Relations? Evidence from Eight German Hospitals
Authors: Greer Ian , Schulten Thorsten , Böhlke Nils
Published: November 2011

The introduction of market mechanisms matters for industrial relations. In the German hospital sector, national liberalization policies have put immense pressure on local management and worker representatives and led to the growth of a low‐wage sector. In case studies of eight hospitals, we find some locales where market making has led to union revitalization and mobilization, but this effect varies. Using an eight‐way comparison, we infer a configuration of three aspects of the local political economy — labour markets, politics and co‐determination rules — that together provide a well‐fitting explanation for both variation and change.
A Double‐edged Sword: Transformational Leadership and Individual Creativity
Authors: Eisenbeiß Silke Astrid , Boerner Sabine
Published: November 2011

Leadership research has focused on the positive effects of transformational and charismatic leadership but has neglected the negative side effects. Addressing this gap, we analysed followers' dependency on the leader as a relevant negative side effect in the relationship between transformational leadership and followers' creativity and developed an integrative framework on parallel positive and negative effects of transformational leadership. As expected, results from a study with 416 R&D employees showed that transformational leadership promotes followers' creativity but at the same time increases followers' dependency which in turn reduces their creativity. This negative indirect effect attenuates the positive influence of transformational leadership on followers' creativity.
What Makes Better Boards? A Closer Look at Diversity and Ownership
Authors: Ben‐Amar Walid , Francoeur Claude , Hafsi Taïeb , Labelle Réal
Published: November 2011

This study investigates the joint effect of corporate ownership and board of directors' diversity configurations on the success of strategic merger and acquisition (M&A) decisions. Board diversity is defined as the extent to which its demographic diversity as measured by the culture, nationality, gender and experience of its directors complements its statutory diversity. A theoretical framework linking ownership, board diversity and M&A strategic decision making is proposed and tested. Based on a sample of 289 M&A decisions undertaken by Canadian firms over the period 2000–2007, demographic diversity is found to have a clear and non‐linear effect on M&A performance while statutory diversity is of limited influence. Ownership is found to influence the effect of diversity, making the relation finer and more precise. This has practical implications. First, statutory diversity is not sufficient for well‐performing boards. Also, ownership is an important factor. The most advocated board diversity aimed at insuring the board's independence is not valid across all ownership configurations. From a public policy perspective, results provide support for the principles‐based approach in governance. Governance regimes should encourage the search for a balance between board diversity and the need for cohesion that best serves the firm's purpose and obligations.
The green governmentality in an Indonesian metropolis
Authors: Kusno Abidin
Published: November 2011

The current interest in the ‘clean and green’ that has become part of urban governmentality in Indonesia's metropolis is illustrative of the practice of becoming a citizen of Jakarta today. The ongoing demand to reclaim and produce green space, however, entails the displacement of those who are considered to be blocking the success of urban green initiatives. This paper points to ways in which contemporary forms of power are built on the premise that a green environment requires individuals to reconfigure themselves to gain social legitimacy. It shows how the greening of Jakarta can be understood as part of the evolving technology of governance associated with postauthoritarian Indonesia.
Applicants' Self‐presentational Behavior across Cultures: Less self‐presentation in Switzerland and Iceland than in the United States
Authors: König Cornelius J. , Hafsteinsson Leifur G. , Jansen Anne , Stadelmann Eveline H.
Published: November 2011

Do US findings on applicants' self‐presentational behavior generalize to other countries? We argue that applicants in some countries are less motivated to present themselves favorably than applicants in others because countries vary in their unemployment rate (leading to differences in competition between job applicants) and their endorsement of modesty values, influencing their beliefs regarding self‐presentation. Using the randomized response technique, we obtained prevalence data on applicants' self‐presentational behavior from Iceland and Switzerland and compared them with previously published US results. The prevalence rates of self‐presentational behavior were fairly comparable in Iceland and Switzerland but significantly lower than in the United States. These results caution against using the same hiring strategy for all applicants from different cultures.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression is repressed during myogenic differentiation by miR‐206
Authors: Miura Pedro , Amirouche Adel , Clow Charlene , Bélanger Guy , Jasmin Bernard J
Published: November 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120, 230–238.

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is required for efficient skeletal‐muscle regeneration and perturbing its expression causes abnormalities in the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of BDNF suppression that occurs during myogenic differentiation. BDNF is expressed at the mRNA level as two isoforms that differ in the length of their 3′UTRs as a result of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of three miR‐206 target sites in the long BDNF 3′UTR (BDNF‐L), whereas only one site was found in the short mRNA BDNF 3′UTR (BDNF‐S). miR‐206 is known to regulate the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and its expression is induced during the transition from myoblasts to myotubes. We thus examined whether miR‐206‐mediated suppression is responsible for the expression pattern of BDNF during myogenic differentiation. BDNF‐L was suppressed to a greater extent than BDNF‐S during differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Transfection of a miR‐206 precursor decreased activity of reporters representative of the BDNF‐L 3′UTR, but not BDNF‐S 3′UTR, and repressed endogenous BDNF mRNA levels. This suppression was found to be dependent on the presence of multiple miR‐206 target sites in the BDNF‐L 3′UTR. Conversely, suppression of miR‐206 levels resulted in de‐repression of BDNF 3′UTR reporter activity and increased endogenous BDNF‐L mRNA levels. A receptor for BDNF, p75NTR, was also suppressed during differentiation and in response to miR‐206, but this appeared to not be entirely mediated via a miR‐206 target site its 3′UTR. Based on these observations, BDNF represents a novel target through which miR‐206 controls the initiation and maintenance of the differentiated state of muscle cells. These results further suggest that miR‐206 might play a role in regulating retrograde signaling of BDNF at the neuromuscular junction.
Operating theatre nurses’ experience of patient‐related, intraoperative nursing care
Authors: Kelvered Monica , Öhlén Joakim , Gustafsson Birgitta Åkesdotter
Published: November 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; 26; 449–457

Operating theatre nurses’ experience of patient‐related, intraoperative nursing care

The way patient‐related, intraoperative nursing care is performed by operating theatre nurses’ has not been elucidated in any great detail. The aim of this study therefore was to describe theatre nurses’ experience of patient‐related, intraoperative nursing care. The study draws on qualitative, interpretive description methodology. Sixteen specialists in operating theatre nursing care, working in rural or metropolitan hospitals in Sweden, were included in the study. Data were collected by means of interviews and analysed using an inductive, qualitative, descriptive analysis technique. The data analysis resulted in 15 overarching nursing care procedures and three motives for nursing care procedures in the field of intraoperative nursing care with the goal of achieving the best surgical outcome for the patient. The operating theatre nurses’ experience of patient‐related, intraoperative nursing care was described as procedures to create a continuous, confidence‐based relationship and situation‐related well‐being; procedures to guarantee patient safety and well‐being by keeping a watchful eye; and procedures to create a secure environment that promotes wound healing, recovery and well‐being.
Antinociceptive and anti‐exudative synergism between dexketoprofen and tramadol in a model of inflammatory pain in mice
Authors: Miranda Hugo F. , Romero Maria Asunción , Puig Margarita M.
Published: November 2011

Preclinical studies have demonstrated antinociceptive synergism between dexketoprofen (DEX) and tramadol (TRM) in acute animal models of nociception. The aim of the present study was to investigate the type of interaction between DEX and TRM in a chronic musculoskeletal pain model in mice, which fairly replicates the characteristics of chronic osteoarticular pain in humans. Inflammation was induced by a subplantar injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) in male CF1 mice. Nociceptive thresholds were evaluated using the hot plate, the nocifensive spontaneous behavior and the acetone tests, while plasma extravasation (PE) was assessed with Evan’s blue. We used the following experimental groups: control (no inflammation), acute (1 day after CFA injection), and chronic inflammation (7 days after CFA). Dose–response curves for DEX and TRM, individually and combined in a 1 : 1 proportion based on their potency were obtained, and the doses that produced a 50% inhibition calculated. The isobolographic analysis revealed that in all groups of study (no inflammation, acute, and chronic inflammation), the combination of DEX : TRM was synergistic, for both the inhibition of nociception and the PE. The results suggest that the DEX : TRM (1 : 1) combination could be useful in the management of acute and chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal pains in humans; in addition, the synergistic interaction between the drugs observed both during acute and chronic inflammation suggests that less doses would be required of each drug to obtain effective analgesia.
Enhancing treatment participation in CAMHS among families of conduct problem children: effectiveness study of a clinician training programme
Authors: Watt Bruce D. , Dadds Mark R. , Best Denisse , Daviess Catherine
Published: November 2011

Background:  The effectiveness of a training programme targeting structural and therapy process strategies to enhance treatment attendance among families of conduct problem children was evaluated across three community mental health clinics.

Method:  Utilising a staggered multiple‐baseline design, referrals prior to clinician training were compared to posttraining referrals (N = 221).

Results:  In comparison to service as usual, children and their families referred after the training initiative had significantly higher treatment attendance (66% vs. 83%) and 79% less likelihood of attrition, though findings were mixed for child’s mental health.

Conclusions:  The findings provide initial support for the effectiveness of the clinician training programme in increasing treatment involvement.
Climate changes during the last c. 7500 years as recorded by the degree of peat humification in the Lofoten region, Norway
Authors: VORREN KARL‐DAG , JENSEN CHRISTIN ELDEGARD , NILSSEN EILIF
Published: November 2011

Vorren, K.‐D., Jensen, C. E. & Nilssen, E. 2012 (January): Climate changes during the last c. 7500 years as recorded by the degree of peat humification in the Lofoten region, Norway. Boreas, Vol. 41, pp. 13–30. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2011.00220.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.

Two peat cores from two neighbouring bogs in Lofoten, northern Norway were densely AMS dated and analysed for humification. The two cores have been influenced by human agricultural impact, especially c. 1600 cal. a BP, which may have affected the local hydrology of the bogs. From 7400 cal. a BP onwards, 19 distinct wet‐shifts are recorded in the two cores. Eight or nine of these correspond chronologically to periods of low solar activity. This correlation is most convincing during the last 2000 years. Some wet‐shifts are connected with a solar low‐activity period during the Subboreal/Subatlantic transition, which in central Europe is dated at 2750–2565 cal. a BP. For Lofoten, the corresponding Subboreal/Subatlantic transition – or the wet‐shift marking this transition – is dated at c. 2600 cal. a BP. Some wet‐shifts occur just before or just after solar low‐activity periods, but only four of the nineteen wet‐shifts are clearly not temporally connected with periods of low solar activity. Compared with the wet‐shifts in NW European (mainly British Isles) bogs, there are more frequent wet‐shifts in northern Norway. Compared with other peat cores in northern Norway, especially for the interval 6500–5000 cal. a BP, Lofoten deviates by its lack of wet‐shifts. As in England, Scotland and Ireland, there is regional variability in the temporal formation of wet‐shifts in northern Norway.
A New Look at Comparative Public Administration: Trends in Research and an Agenda for the Future
Authors: Fitzpatrick Jody , Goggin Malcolm , Heikkila Tanya , Klingner Donald , Machado Jason , Martell Christine
Published: November 2011

Intensified globalization, especially the necessity to learn more about how administrative reforms work effectively in different cultural contexts, requires public administration research to embrace comparative perspectives. How well is the field advancing in that direction? This article presents the results of a content analysis of 151 comparative public administration articles from 2000 to 2009. Results indicate that comparative research is building on theory and empirical research, making use of purposive samples, and using a mix of causal, descriptive, and exploratory methodologies. Subject matter varies widely, but most research focuses on European, Asian, and North American countries. Comparative research is primarily qualitative, making extensive use of existing data. The authors recommend enhanced application of mixed methods, increased use of culture as a key concept, and integration of a broad range of social sciences to encourage more students, practitioners, and scholars to think and work comparatively. Three senior comparative scholars respond, sparking a fascinating and insightful dialogue on this seminal topic in public administration.
What We Know, and What We Have Not Yet Learned: Triple Disasters and the Fukushima Nuclear Fiasco in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Akira , Kikuchi Masao
Published: November 2011

Japan is the only country to suffer twice from the terrible consequences of atomic bombs. Hiroshima and Nagasaki are renowned internationally for experiencing the first twin devastating nuclear attacks in history. Unfortunately, Japan has witnessed several other serious nuclear‐related disasters in recent years. The much‐publicized Fukushima disaster in 2011 is one of them. How could such a serious accident occur in a modern, highly sensitive, nuclear‐conscious country?, The answer to that central question is complex, involving not only political and administrative issues but also technical and human dimensions. In retrospect, both government officials and private industry were far too lax with the operation and development of nuclear policies and facilities. The Fukushima debacle was the result of a lack of rigorous management and control of nuclear issues by both public authorities and private industry.
Why PAR Matters: Reflections after Seven Decades and Beyond
Authors: Stillman Richard J.
Published: November 2011

In this last issue under his supervision, PAR’s editor in chief reflects on the value and worth of the journal over the last seven decades and the competitive challenges that PAR faces today, and presents a modest blueprint for strengthening PAR in the future.
Federalist No. 44: What Is the Role of Intergovernmental Relations in Federalism?
Authors: Agranoff Robert
Published: November 2011

Federalist No. 44 examines the connective mechanisms underlying a federal system of government. Traditionally called “intergovernmental relations,” these systems were intended to facilitate the pursuit of effective implementation of national policies. This essay suggests that the national government's officers should not be impressed by collaboration unless it produces better performance or lower costs. Collaboration is a means to an end, not an absolute requirement.
Federalist No. 67: Can the Executive Sustain Both Republican and Energetic Government?
Authors: Kersh Rogan
Published: November 2011

Federalist No. 67 generally is read as a vigorous defense of the chief executive and contains intense language to alleviate fears of a dictatorial president. However, it also can be read as a much deeper explication of the blend of republican and energetic government. The author examines this defense within the larger stream of Federalist Papers and compares the Anti‐Federalist attacks against a strong executive and Alexander Hamilton’s aggressive justifications.
Federalist No. 70: Is the President Too Powerful?
Authors: Pfiffner James P.
Published: November 2011

Federalist No. 70 sets the stage for a powerful chief executive through its emphasis on energy in the executive. This essay reviews the challenges of holding this energy accountable in a republican form of government and concludes that recent presidents have stretched their authorities beyond even the most aggressive defense of the concept. Comparing presidents Abraham Lincoln and George W. Bush, the author concludes that the founders never intended to give any president authority to suspend the law during emergencies. His appendix to Federalist No. 70 is designed to both restate and reset the debate about just how far presidents may go in pursuit of national goals.
Federalist No. 71: Does Duration in Office Provide Vigilant Autonomy in the Regulatory Process?
Authors: Khademian Anne M.
Published: November 2011

Federalist No. 71 contains a strong defense of duration in office as a source of “cool and sedate reflection” by the executive. According to Alexander Hamilton’s argument, duration in office is essential for the vigilant autonomy needed to faithfully execute the laws. The author examines this argument within the context of government regulation, using the recent financial crisis and consumer safety as examples of the limits of stability and autonomy for creating vigilant autonomy.

When occasions present themselves, in which the interests of the people are at variance with their inclinations, it is the duty of the persons whom they have appointed to be the guardians of those interests, to withstand the temporary delusion, in order to give them time and opportunity for more cool and sedate reflection.

—Federalist No. 71
Does Poor Performance Damage the Reputation of Financial Intermediaries? Evidence from the Loan Syndication Market
Authors: GOPALAN RADHAKRISHNAN , NANDA VIKRAM , YERRAMILLI VIJAY
Published: November 2011

We investigate the effect of poor performance on financial intermediary reputation by estimating the effect of large‐scale bankruptcies among a lead arranger's borrowers on its subsequent syndication activity. Consistent with reputation damage, such lead arrangers retain larger fractions of the loans they syndicate, are less likely to syndicate loans, and are less likely to attract participant lenders. The consequences are more severe when borrower bankruptcies suggest inadequate screening or monitoring by the lead arranger. However, the effect of borrower bankruptcies on syndication activity is not present among dominant lead arrangers, and is weak in years in which many lead arrangers experience borrower bankruptcies.
Disasters Implied by Equity Index Options
Authors: BACKUS DAVID , CHERNOV MIKHAIL , MARTIN IAN
Published: November 2011

We use equity index options to quantify the distribution of consumption growth disasters. The challenge lies in connecting the risk‐neutral distribution of equity returns implied by options to the true distribution of consumption growth. First, we compare pricing kernels constructed from macro‐finance and option‐pricing models. Second, we compare option prices derived from a macro‐finance model to those we observe. Third, we compare the distribution of consumption growth derived from option prices using a macro‐finance model to estimates based on macroeconomic data. All three perspectives suggest that options imply smaller probabilities of extreme outcomes than have been estimated from macroeconomic data.
IQ and Stock Market Participation
Authors: GRINBLATT MARK , KELOHARJU MATTI , LINNAINMAA JUHANI
Published: November 2011

Stock market participation is monotonically related to IQ, controlling for wealth, income, age, and other demographic and occupational information. The high correlation between IQ and participation exists even among the affluent. Supplemental data from siblings, studied with an instrumental variables approach and regressions that control for family effects, demonstrate that IQ's influence on participation extends to females and does not arise from omitted familial and nonfamilial variables. High‐IQ investors are more likely to hold mutual funds and larger numbers of stocks, experience lower risk, and earn higher Sharpe ratios. We discuss implications for policy and finance research.
Simple Estimation and Test Procedures in Capture–Mark–Recapture Mixed Models
Authors: Lebreton J. D. , Choquet R. , Gimenez O.
Published: November 2011

Summary The need to consider in capture‐recapture models random effects besides fixed effects such as those of environmental covariates has been widely recognized over the last years. However, formal approaches require involved likelihood integrations, and conceptual and technical difficulties have slowed down the spread of capture–recapture mixed models among biologists. In this article, we evaluate simple procedures to test for the effect of an environmental covariate on parameters such as time‐varying survival probabilities in presence of a random effect corresponding to unexplained environmental variation. We show that the usual likelihood ratio test between fixed models is strongly biased, and tends to detect too often a covariate effect. Permutation and analysis of deviance tests are shown to behave properly and are recommended. Permutation tests are implemented in the latest version of program E‐SURGE. Our approach also applies to generalized linear mixed models.
Designing a novel dental root analogue implant using cone beam computed tomography and CAD/CAM technology
Authors: Moin David Anssari , Hassan Bassam , Mercelis Peter , Wismeijer Daniel
Published: November 2011

Objectives

The study aim is to introduce a novel preemptively constructed dental root analogue implant (RAI) based on three‐dimensional (3D) root surface models obtained from a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan, computer aided designing and computer aided manufacturing technology.

Materials & Methods

One partially edentulous mandibular human cadaver was scanned with the Accuitomo 170 CBCT system. The scan volumes and datasets were used to create 3D surface models of the tooth. A 3D surface mesh of the tooth was stored as a standard triangulation language (STL) file. A high‐end selective laser melting technology was used to fabricate the RAI from the STL file. The RAI was produced in a biocompatible titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). Optical scanning technology was used to measure the RAI, as well as the natural tooth that was extracted. To validate the accuracy of the CBCT 3D root surface and the manufactured Titanium RAI, both surfaces were superimposed on the optical scan of the tooth, which served as the gold “reference” standard.

Results

The differences between the RAI and the optical scan of the original tooth are most noticeable at the level of the apex and the cementenamel junction areas on the buccal and lingual side (divergence of more than 0.15 mm). Surface area measurements show an overall decrease in surface area of 6.33% for the RAI in comparison with the original tooth and an increase of 0.27% when comparing the 3D surface model with optical scan of the original tooth.

Conclusion

With the use of currently available technology it is very well feasible to preemptively create a custom RAI in titanium. However, clinical evidence evaluating the success of this novel dental implant approach is needed.
An analysis examining socio‐economic variations in the provision of NHS general dental practitioner care under a fee for service contract among adolescents: Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study
Authors: Telford Claire , Murray Liam , Donaldson Michael , O’Neill Ciaran
Published: November 2011

Telford C, Murray L, Donaldson M, O’Neill C. An analysis examining socio‐economic variations in the provision of NHS general dental practitioner care under a fee for service contract among adolescents: Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40: 70–79. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Abstract –  Objectives: To examine socio‐economic variations in the use of publicly funded general dental practitioner care by adolescents under a fee for service arrangement. Method: Publicly funded general practitioner reimbursement data were linked to census and vital statistics data within the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study. Data relate to 12 846 adolescents aged 11 or 12 in April 2003 included within the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study (28% of the population). The main outcome measure was consumption of dental care between 2003/2004 and 2007/2008 by socio‐economic status (as measured by National Statistics Socio‐economic Classification of occupation and highest educational attainment of household reference person). Results: In multivariate analysis, socio‐economic status was a significant determinant of dental care consumed. Those of the lowest socio‐economic status, according to both occupation and highest educational attainment of household reference person, were less likely to have consumed orthodontics OR 0.76 (0.62, 0.95) and OR 0.79 (0.69, 0.91), respectively. Those of lower socio‐economic status were, however, more likely to have undergone an extraction and restorative treatment and also consumed on average more treatment than those of higher socio‐economic status. Conclusion: A demand‐led service, in which practitioners are reimbursed in part on a fee for service basis, may create incentives that contribute to different patterns of utilization between social groups. Such a system may not be providing equal access for equal need and may widen existing socio‐economic disparities in oral health among adolescents.
Changes of oxygen content in facial skin before and after cigarette smoking
Authors: Fan Guo‐Biao , Wu Pei‐Lan , Wang Xue‐Min
Published: November 2011

Background/purpose

Cigarette smoking not only causes systemic health problems, but may also be an underlying cause of premature skin aging. Cigarette smokers frequently have morphological changes in facial skin that may be attributed to reduced oxygen in this region. The purpose of this study was to measure the oxygen content in facial skin before and after smoking.

Methods

Twenty‐five volunteers participated in this study. Changes in oxygen content of the facial skin were measured before and after 30 min of cigarette smoking. Skin temperature and oxygen content were evaluated in the periorbital and periolar regions.

Results

There was a significant increase in temperature after smoking. The oxy hemoglobin and partial pressure of oxygen decreased in both the periocular and perioral areas after smoking. There were no changes in deoxy hemoglobin and partial pressure of carbon dioxide at these areas.

Conclusion

Significant changes were seen in temperature and oxygen content after only 30 min of smoking. The results from this study suggest that alterations in the skin temperature and oxygen content in facial skin after smoking may be an underlying cause of premature skin aging.
Methods for evaluation of cosmetic antioxidant capacity
Authors: Ratz‐Lyko Anna , Arct Jacek , Pytkowska Katarzyna
Published: November 2011

The skin as the largest part of human body is one of the main targets for ultraviolet radiation, environmental pollution, toxic chemicals and some metal ions, which share responsibility for the formation of free radicals. The resulting free radicals, both oxygen and nitrogen species are one of the main causes of aging due to impaired regulation of cell respiratory metabolism involving incomplete oxygen reduction in mitochondria and production a superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals et al. In modern cosmetology to minimize the adverse effects of free radicals, antioxidants, which inhibit free radical reactions, mainly autoxidation processes are used. Currently, not only many cosmetic products containing antioxidants are available, but a large diversity of methods for determination of cosmetics antioxidant activity is also accessible. These methods can be divided into three main groups: in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo as reported herein. Due to lack of standardization and validation it is necessary to use a variety of methods as well as conditions for those purposes, which are presented to the context.
Sexual, Psychological, and Relational Functioning in Women After Surgical Treatment for Vulvar Malignancy: A Literature Review
Authors: Aerts Leen , Enzlin Paul , Vergote Ignace , Verhaeghe Johan , Poppe Willy , Amant Frederic
Published: November 2011

Introduction

Vulvectomy is an intrusive treatment option for women with vulvar malignancy that theoretically may affect sexual function.

Aim

This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the impact of surgical treatment for vulvar malignancy on sexual functioning, overall quality of life, and partner relationship.

Methods

Systematic search of the medical literature on PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane database, Google Scholar and Embase using a number of related terms including vulvar malignancy, vulvar cancer, vulva cancer, vulval cancer, vulvectomy, sexual function, partner relation, quality of life, and psychological functioning.

Main Outcome Measure

Measures and indicators of sexual function, overall quality of life, and partner relationship following vulvectomy for vulvar malignancy.

Results

There is evidence that women who undergo surgical treatment for vulvar cancer or vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia are at high risk for sexual dysfunctions, dissatisfaction with partner relationship, and psychological difficulties. Factors associated with posttreatment sexual dysfunction include patient’s increased age, poor overall well-being, history of depression, anxiety, and excision size of vulvar malignancy.

Conclusions

Surgical treatment of vulvar cancer has a negative impact on sexual function, quality of life, and satisfaction with partner relationship. However, hitherto only little research effort has been directed to postoperative sexual well-being in vulvar cancer survivors. There is a need for more methodological sound prospective studies that explore sexual function, quality of life, and partner relationship and its predictors over time in vulvar cancer patients.
An Outcomes Analysis of over 200 Revision Surgeries for Penile Prosthesis Implantation: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Henry Gerard D. , Donatucci Craig F. , Conners William , Greenfield Jason M. , Carson Culley C. , Wilson Steven K. , Delk John , Lentz Aaron C. , Cleves Mario A. , Jennermann Caroline J. , Kramer Andrew C.
Published: November 2011

Introduction

Inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation is a well-established treatment for medically refractory erectile dysfunction, with long-term reliability. Overall survival is 96% at 5 years and 60% at 15 years for primary (virgin) implantation.

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with success and complications of IPP revision surgery in a multicenter study.

Main Outcome Measures

Reasons for revision including mechanical issues, patient dissatisfaction, corporal deformity, and supersonic transport (SST) deformity were recorded.

Methods

At four institutions, 214 clinically uninfected IPP revisions were performed between November 2000 and November 2007. Data were incomplete for 28 cases (14%). Failure-free survival was estimated using Kaplan–Meier’s Meier product limit method.

Results

The majority of revisions were secondary to mechanical failure (N = 109; 65%) and combined erosion or infection (N = 17 + 15 = 32; 19%). Sixteen percent (N = 26) were carried out on functional uninfected prostheses secondary to patient dissatisfaction (N = 9), SST deformity (N = 10), scrotal hematoma (N = 2), or upsize revision because of corporal fibrosis (N = 5). Average age at revision was 66 years. Mean follow-up time was 55.7 months. In this study, 12 individuals required a secondary revision procedure or suffered a complication. Despite prior reports of high infection rates with revision surgery, only 5.7% of clinically uninfected and noneroded prostheses were complicated by infection or impending extrusion/erosion, following a revision washout protocol. Overall, 93% of cases were successfully revised, providing functioning IPPs.

Conclusion

For this study population, component exchange followed by revision washout showed a low incidence of infection and subsequent mechanical failure.
The Relationship Between Same-Sex Sexual Experience, Sexual Distress, and Female Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Burri Andrea , Rahman Qazi , Santtila Pekka , Jern Patrick , Spector Timothy , Sandnabba Kenneth
Published: November 2011

Introduction

There is little research estimating the occurrence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in women with same-sex sexual experience and none incorporating a key feature of standardized DSM-IV diagnoses—sexual distress.

Aim

To investigate the prevalence of FSD in women with and without same-sex sexual experience and whether any effects of same-sex sexual experience on women’s sexual functioning are moderated by frequency and type of sexual activity.

Methods

The sample consisted of 5,998 female individuals aged 18–49 years. Prevalence of FSD was assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index and an abbreviated version of the Female Sexual Distress Scale. Measurement of frequency and variation in sexual activity was conducted using a modified version of the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory. Lifetime same-sex experience was assessed with a single question.

Main Outcome Measures

Prevalence estimates of FSD. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the subsample-specific, mediating role of frequency and mode of sexual activities on FSD.

Results

Women with same-sex sexual experience (13.6%) engaged significantly more in all sexual activities (P < 0.01) compared with women without such experience. They further reported significantly more desire (Z = 3.1, P < 0.05) and satisfaction problems (z = 10.6, P < 0.001). When controlling patterns of sexual activities no significant effect of same-sex sexual experience on desire could be detected (OR 1.1, CI 95% 0.9–1.2, P > 0.1), whereas the significant association between same-sex sexual experience and sexual dissatisfaction remained (OR 1.28, CI 95% 1.1–1.6, P < 0.05). Sexual distress was significantly more prevalent in women with same-sex sexual experience (23%) compared with their counterparts (19%).

Conclusions

Same-sex sexual experience is related, both directly and indirectly, to FSD. Testing of the mediating factors underlying this association may offer important clues into the etiology of FSD in general. The results further highlight the need to consider sexual distress as a multidimensional concept.
Greater Resting Heart Rate Variability is Associated with Orgasms Through Penile–Vaginal Intercourse, but Not with Orgasms from Other Sources
Authors: Costa Rui Miguel , Brody Stuart
Published: November 2011

Introduction

Resting heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of parasympathetic activity, is a predictor of health and longevity. Better erectile function is associated with greater resting HRV (assessed by high frequency power [HF]), and in both sexes, penile–vaginal intercourse (PVI) is the only sexual behavior consistently associated with indices of better physical and mental health, including greater resting HRV (assessed by standard deviation [SD] of heart rate [HR]).

Aims

To examine the hypotheses that greater frequency of orgasms attained through PVI (for women, without additional simultaneous clitoral stimulation; vaginal orgasm) are associated with greater resting HRV. A differential hypothesis is that HRV measures will be unrelated to orgasmic frequency from noncoital sexual activities.

Methods

Coitally experienced men and women (N = 143) had their heart rate measured for 5 minutes and reported the frequency of various sexual behaviors and corresponding orgasms in a recent representative month.

Main Outcome Measures

Partial correlations and analyses of covariance controlling for social desirability responding were used to examine the associations of sexual activities with time and frequency domains of HRV.

Results

For men, greater resting SD of HR was associated with greater PVI orgasm frequency. For women, greater resting SD of HR was associated with any vaginal orgasm. These findings remained after controlling for cohabitation. Sexual activities were unrelated to HF. Lifetime number of PVI partners was unrelated to SD of HR and HF.

Conclusions

Findings are discussed in the context of orgasms through PVI enhancing HRV, and greater parasympathetic tone favoring the capacity to engage in PVI, and in the case of women, to reach vaginal orgasm. The possibility of healthier people having greater resting HRV and more frequent orgasms through specifically PVI is also considered.
Alkalinized Lidocaine and Heparin Provide Immediate Relief of Pain and Urgency in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis
Authors: Parsons C. Lowell , Zupkas Paul , Proctor Jeffrey , Koziol James , Franklin Amie , Giesing Dennis , Davis Edward , Lakin Charles M. , Kahn Bruce S. , Garner William J.
Published: November 2011

Introduction

It has been reported in an open-label study that the combination of alkalinized lidocaine and heparin can immediately relieve the symptoms of urinary urgency, frequency, and pain associated with interstitial cystitis (IC). This combination has also been reported to relieve pain associated with sex in patients with IC.

Aim

The aim of this study was to corroborate these findings in a multicenter setting.

Methods

The study design was a multicenter prospective, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. Each participant met all of the clinical National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases criteria (excluding cystoscopy) for IC. Each patient received drug and control, in random order, within 48 hours of enrolling in the study.

Main Outcome Measures

The primary outcome measure was percent change in pain score (11-point analog pain scale) 12 hours after receiving the drug or control. Secondary measures were the global assessment response (GAR) of symptoms and 12-hour average urgency reduction determined from 11-point urgency scales.

Results

Eighteen (18) patients completed the trial. The average reduction of pain over 12 hours was 21% for control and 42% for active drug (P = 0.0363). GAR was 13% for control and 50% for drug (P = 0.0137). Average urgency reduction was 13% for control and 35% for drug (P = 0.0328).

Conclusions

The combination of alkalinized lidocaine and heparin provides up to 12 hours of relief from urgency and pain associated with IC. This combination provides significant immediate relief of symptoms for patients with IC.
Subcutaneous Penile Insertion of Domino Fragments by Incarcerated Males in Southwest United States Prisons: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Hudak Steven J. , McGeady James , Shindel Alan W. , Breyer Benjamin N.
Published: November 2011

Introduction

Self-insertion of penile foreign bodies is performed worldwide, largely due to a perception that it will enhance sexual performance and virility. There are relatively few cases reported in the United States.

Aim

We report three cases of Hispanic men incarcerated in separate southwest United States prisons who utilized a similar technique to insert foreign bodies fabricated out of dominos into the subcutaneous tissues of the penis.

Methods

Details of the three cases were retrospectively reviewed.

Main Outcome Measure

Resolution of the case.

Results

In each case, an incarcerated Hispanic male or fellow inmate filed a domino into a unique shape for placement under the penile skin. Utilizing the tip of a ballpoint pen or a sharpened shard of plastic to create a puncture wound, each man inserted the domino fragment into the subcutaneous tissue of the penis. All three men presented with infection requiring operative removal.

Conclusions

Incarcerated males put themselves at risk for injury and infection when attempting penile enhancement with improvised equipment.
Marine‐derived Nutrients from Green Turtle Nests Subsidize Terrestrial Beach Ecosystems
Authors: Vander Zanden Hannah B. , Bjorndal Karen A. , Inglett Patrick W. , Bolten Alan B.
Published: November 2011

Spatially separated ecosystems are often linked by nutrient fluxes. Nutrient inputs may be transferred by physical vectors (i.e., wind and water) or by biotic vectors. In this study, we examine the role of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) as biotic transporters of nutrients from marine to terrestrial ecosystems, where they deposit eggs. We compare low and high nest density sites at Tortuguero, Costa Rica, the largest green turtle rookery in the western hemisphere. Four plant species (Costus woodsonii, Hibiscus pernanbucensis, Hymenocallis littoralis, Ipomoea pes‐caprae) were analyzed at both nest density sites for 15N, total carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and vegetation cover. Sand was analyzed for 15N and total nitrogen. Vegetation at high nest density sites had higher total nitrogen, which was correlated with higher δ15N values, suggesting nutrient input from a marine source. The dominant plant species changed between low and high nest density sites, indicating that turtle‐derived nutrients may alter the plant community composition. The trend in δ15N values of sand was similar, although less pronounced than that of the vegetation. Sand may be a poor integrator of nutrient input due to low nutrient adsorption and high rate of leaching. Sea turtles have previously been shown to deposit considerable amounts of nutrients and energy on nesting beaches. In this study, we estimate annual nitrogen and phosphorus contributions at Tortuguero are 507 and 45 kg/km, respectively, and we demonstrate that beach vegetation likely assimilates a portion of these marine‐derived nutrients.
Conflict between Fishermen and Giant Otters Pteronura brasiliensis in Western Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Rosas‐Ribeiro Patrícia F. , Rosas Fernando C.W. , Zuanon Jansen
Published: November 2011

The recovery of giant otter populations after the hunting prohibition and restriction of the pelt trade resulted in more frequent conflicts with fishermen. In this study, fisherman–giant otter conflicts were analyzed in the Uacari Sustainable Development Reserve, where giant otters are accused of interfering with fisheries by eating the fish (predation), frightening the fish away (local interference), and damaging fishing equipment (direct interference). Interference by predation was analyzed by evaluating overlap in fish species consumption between humans (measured by subsistence and commercial catches) and giant otters. The giant otter diet was assessed from fecal samples, and the human diet through questionnaires. Local and direct interferences were analyzed through fish samples using gillnets and comparing capture efficiency with and without giant otters’ presence. The overlap between human and giant otter diets was low (0.37), varied seasonally, and was smaller in the low water (0.24) than in the high water period (0.60), when both species tend to be more generalists. Overlap between fish species consumed by giant otters and those exploited by commercial fisheries was small (0.34). Giant otter presence during the experimental fishing was low (9.5%), restricted to the high water period, and did not significantly reduce the captures (U = 13, P = 0.61). The low overlap in diet may be a result of differences in preferences and fishing strategies. The conflict between giant otters and fishermen is greater in the high water period, when the income of the fisheries decreases; however, the conflict seems to be mainly motivated by the resident's prejudice against giant otters.
Survival and Growth of Juvenile Bromeliads in Coffee Plantations and Forests in Central Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Scheffknecht Susanne , Winkler Manuela , Mata‐Rosas Martín , Hietz Peter
Published: November 2011

Shade coffee plantations can be important refuges for epiphytes, but are not suitable for all species. To test if the performance of early life stages, often the most sensitive phase, is responsible for the species’ ability to colonize coffee plantations, we compared growth and mortality rates of three epiphytic bromeliad species that differ in their ability to colonize secondary arboreal vegetation by transplanting juveniles to trees in forests, and shade trees in old and young coffee plantations in Central Veracruz, Mexico. Growth rates of Tillandsia viridiflora, generally restricted to forests, and Tillandsia juncea, an early colonizer, were related to the pattern of the species occurrence among habitats with growth rates of T. viridiflora being generally higher in forests and growth of T. juncea higher in coffee plantations. Performance of the third species, Tillandsia heterophylla, which is intermediate in habitat preference, was not clearly related to habitat. No difference in growth rates was found between plants transplanted in wet or dry season. In general, mortality in transplanted bromeliads was relatively low (mostly < 5% per month). In coffee plantations herbivory had a severe effect during part of the wet season, when mortality in young coffee plantations reached between 15 and 24 percent per month. Given the substantial contribution of herbivory to the mortality of juvenile plants and the significant differences between habitats, herbivory may be co‐limiting the colonization of young coffee plantations by some epiphytic bromeliads.