bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotyping ripe rot resistance in the Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruit) mapping population
Authors: Wurms K.V. , Reglinski T. , Chee A. Ah , Taylor J.T. , Fraser L.G. , Tsang G.K. , Silva N. De
Published: October 2019

Resistance to ripe rot (Cryptosporiopsis actinidiae) in kiwifruit is likely to be controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL) Accurate phenotyping of ripe rot resistance is crucial to locating QTL on the kiwifruit genomic linkage map and may facilitate identification of candidate genes for breeding A detached fruit assay was developed to compare resistance to ripe rot in the mapping population Fruit at or near eating ripeness were inoculated by inserting mycelial plugs (3 mm diameter) under shallow skin flaps and then lesion development was monitored at 20C Results suggested that resistance was quantitative Assay variability was reduced by pipetting spore inoculum into uniform wounds (5 mm) in the fruit surface Preliminary analysis using single marker ttests showed that marker Ke316 which may be involved in acyl lipid metabolism/transfer was associated with ripe rot susceptibility The association weakened as more genotypes were tested and more analyses are necessary to determine whether Ke316 detects an actual QTL and/or if further QTLs are detectable
Remote sensing and interpolation methods can obtain weather data for disease prediction
Authors: Kim K.S. , Hill G.N. , Beresford R.M.
Published: October 2019

The risk of the appearance or the intensification of a crop disease can be assessed using information about the weather the pathogen or the crop Weather data for use in disease risk prediction can be obtained from measurements at a nearby weather station While weather measurements can represent accurate weather conditions at the site where the weather station is located these data are representative only of a small area near the station To obtain weather information over a larger area spatial interpolation and remote sensing can be used to estimate the likely weather conditions in other locations It is crucial to obtain weather data at an appropriate temporal resolution (eg daily or hourly) for a given disease in order to predict the disease A weather database system is being constructed to provide highquality climatic data (eg daily temperature humidity and rainfall) which can be used to quantify the link between weather conditions and disease outbreaks
The efficacy of insecticides against Australian citrus whitefly (Orchamoplatus citri)
Authors: Jamieson L.E. , Page-Weir N.E.M , Chhagan A. , Curtis C.
Published: October 2019

Australian citrus whitefly (ACWF) was first detected in Auckland in 2000 and has since spread to Kerikeri Gisborne and Bay of Plenty where it is causing sooty mould on a range of citrus varieties Although classical biological control is being considered for longterm management of this pest insecticidal control is required in the short term In a laboratory bioassay crawlers and young nymphs were the most susceptible life stages to insecticides while pupae and eggs were very tolerant Foliar applications of 11 insecticides and one soilapplied insecticide were tested in a potted plant trial targeting crawlers and young nymphs Ten weeks after application diazinon endosulfan and a soil application of imidacloprid had reduced infestations to nil Other effective products after 12 weeks were bifenthrin spirotetramat pyrethrin buprofezin azadirachtin maldison pyriproxifen and mineral oil Foliar applications of pymetrozine avermectin or soap did not significantly reduce numbers of ACWF compared with untreated plants at 12 weeks after application
Concept for assessing productrelated pesticide footprint
Authors: M?ller K. , Deurer M. , Northcott G. , Clothier B.E.
Published: October 2019

Increased environmental awareness has motivated retailers to label products with carbon footprints This allows consumers to choose products according to their global warming potential Public concern is also targeting pesticides Heightened customer sensitivity to residues has already led to a ban on using certain pesticides by European retailers A tool is needed for assessing the environmental impact of pesticides used for producing a specific product This paper introduces the concept of the pesticide footprint (PFP) which fills this gap by estimating the total loss of pesticides and their respective impact on humans and ecosystems per product unit in a lifecycle framework The impact assessment considers how these losses affect humans through the consumption of the product containing residues and ecosystems through the exposure to residues in the environment The PFP includes the production of the pesticide its application in the orchard and the final disposal of waste
Kumara root resistance to Ceratocystis fimbriata
Authors: Lewthwaite S.L. , Wright P.J. , Triggs C.M.
Published: October 2019

The fungal pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata causes a disease of the kumara (Ipomoea batatas or sweetpotato plant) known as black rot The fungus was first recorded in New Zealand in 1907 and by 1947 black rot had become a significant problem for the kumara industry The pathogen spread to most kumara production areas causing severe or occasionally complete crop loss The industry only survived this period by adopting strict hygiene practices as the pathogen is highly transmissible While the fungus may spread in propagation beds and within crops in the field it is during storage and bulk handling of roots that most crossinfection occurs Infection by C fimbriata may stimulate the kumara root to respond by producing phytoalexins which are toxic and bitter in taste Although there have been no reports of human poisoning there have been cattle deaths as a direct consequence of consumption of infected kumara roots One approach to limiting disease spread is through using resistant cultivars A laboratory bioassay was developed to distinguish levels of cultivar storage root resistance to C fimbriata infection The traditional and modern cultivars assessed showed a range (P
Viral infection of the kumara crop
Authors: Lewthwaite S.L. , Fletcher J.D.
Published: October 2019

Viral infection within the New Zealand kumara (Ipomoea batatas) or sweetpotato crop has not been considered an important production issue until recent times The visual symptoms of viral infection may be quite inconspicuous The general presence of Sweetpotato viruses was formally acknowledged in 1989 based on published literature New Zealands first extensive kumara crop virus survey was published in 2000 Using nitrocellulose membrane ELISA this survey detected the presence of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) virus C6 Sweetpotato caulimolike virus (SPCaLV) Sweetpotato chlorotic fleck virus (SPCFV or C2) Sweetpotato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) Sweetpotato latent virus (SwPLV) Sweetpotato mild mottle virus (SPMMV) and Sweetpotato mild speckling virus (SPMSV formerly C8) Sweetpotato virus G (SPVG) was first identified within New Zealand kumara in 2005 A second comprehensive crop survey using realtime reverse transcription PCR was published in 2009 This survey revealed a virus previously undetected in New Zealand Sweetpotato virus 2 (SPV2) International research and subsequent commercial experience with virustested propagation systems has shown the potential for economically significant yield and quality gains The local industry has started examining the benefits of kumara virus elimination within the New Zealand biophysical production environment
Germination and survival of Neofusicoccum luteum after different storage treatments
Authors: Billones R.G. , Brookes J.J. , Jones E.E. , Ridgway H.J. , Jaspers M.V.
Published: October 2019

Neofusicoccum luteum is a widespread fungal pathogen of grapevines The germination and survival of N luteum conidia was tested following storage at different temperatures and times The conidia (105/ ml water) were incubated at 2 8 and 2023C (ambient temperature) for 0 2 4 24 48 72 h 1 2 and 3 weeks The conidial suspensions were then microscopically examined for conidial germination adjusted to 102/ml and 100 l spread onto PDA to check for viability At ambient temperature 67 of conidia germinated after 2 h and 74 after 48 h When held at 8C 23 of conidia germinated after 24 h and the proportion gradually increased up to 33 in 2 weeks while at 2C 4 had germinated after 48 h increasing to 19 in 3 weeks The maximum periods of viability of stored conidia (as determined by their ability to form colonies on PDA) was 48 h for ambient temperature 2 weeks for 8C and 3 weeks for 2C This research showed that N luteum can germinate quickly at normal summer temperatures as well as at low winter temperatures so can infect trimming wounds during summer and pruning wounds during winter
Detection and identification of a selfintroduced parasitoid of the Acacia tortoise beetle
Authors: Murray T.J. , Withers T.M.
Published: October 2019

Dicranosterna semipunctata (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) was detected in New Zealand in 1996 This Australian tortoise beetle has no specific natural enemies in New Zealand and has become a moderate pest of blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon) Although a number of potential biological control agents have been identified in Australia none has been intentionally introduced In January 2009 parasitised eggs of D semipunctata were found in Rotorua Comparison of the emergent parasitoids to hymenoptera held in the NZIC and ANIC confirm that the wasp is from the genus Neopolycystus The taxonomy of this genus is poorly resolved but there were three species of particular interest to which to compare the new specimens The first Neopolycystus sp nr insectifurax was introduced from Perth against Paropsis charybdis in 1989 but did not establish The second Neopolycystus sp was reared from D semipunctata eggs in NSW but was never imported into New Zealand as a biocontrol agent for D semipunctata The third N insectifurax Girault is selfintroduced since 2001 and is well established in New Zealand contributing significantly to the control of P charybdis The parasitoids reared from D semipunctata eggs in Rotorua were not analogous to any of these This new species Neopolycystus sp from Rotorua has since been recorded in the Northland Auckland Waikato and Bay of Plenty regions
Beneficial bacteria for improving white clover establishment
Authors: Sarathchandra S.U. , Bell N.L. , Burch G. , Aalders L.T. , Eden T.M.
Published: October 2019

White clover (Trifolium repens) seedlings encounter the adverse impacts of root parasitic nematodes during plant establishment Of these root knot (Meloidogyne trifoliophila) and cyst (Heterodera trifolii) nematodes are well established in the North Island while only the latter is encountered in South Island pastures Once root damage is caused by the nematode the resulting wound can facilitate the entry of root pathogenic fungi into the plant compounding the problem Use of naturally occurring micro organisms to counteract the adverse impacts of nematodes in white clover is an attractive option Bacteria isolated from New Zealand pastures were screened for their beneficial effects on white clover seedling vigour in pot experiments and a field experiment When applied as a drench at sowing several bacterial strains (mostly Bacillus and Pseudomonas) produced significant (P
Molecular characterisations of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae strains isolated from the recent outbreak of bacterial canker on kiwifruit in Italy
Authors: Vanneste J.L. , Yu J. , Cornish D.A.
Published: October 2019

Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) is the causal agent of bacterial canker on kiwifruit a disease that affects both Actinidia deliciosa and A chinensis This disease has been reported in Japan Korea and Italy It has never been found in New Zealand An outbreak of bacterial canker on kiwifruit has been recently reported in Latina Italy Strains isolated from this outbreak were compared with strains isolated from Japan Korea and strains isolated from Italy in 1992 The specificity of the primers PsaF1/R2 and their usefulness in identifying strains of Psa were confirmed in this study Fingerprinting by BOXPCR allowed the distinction of strains of Psa tested from strains of the closely related pathovar theae However two different profiles were obtained for strains of Psa Two haplotypes for the housekeeping gene cts (gltA) were also found among strains of Psa Such variability might be used for further epidemiological studies
Presence of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit on symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues of kiwifruit
Authors: Vanneste J.L. , Yu J. , Cornish D.A. , Max S. , Clark G.
Published: October 2019

Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit has recently been found in New Zealand This pathogen has been the object of few studies and little is known about its epidemiology Yet the development of an effective strategy of control requires an understanding of the life cycle of the pathogen in particular determining the location of the bacteria in tissues In this study the presence of Psa on flowers symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves and different parts of canes showing symptoms was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or by direct bacterial isolation Psa was found associated with angular necrotic leaf spots with white exudate and in canes In canes Psa seemed to be either in the parenchyma leading to production of exudate or in the vascular system leading to wilting Psa was also found on asymptomatic tissues where it was probably surviving as an epiphyte
The distribution of Liotryphon caudatus a parasitoid of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in Hawkes Bay apple orchards
Authors: Cole L.M. , Walker J.T.S.
Published: October 2019

The ichneumonid parasitoid Liotryphon caudatus was introduced into New Zealand in 1906 for biological control of codling moth Cydia pomonella a pest of pipfruit Following release it was found in the Auckland area with only isolated recoveries in the 1970s in Waikato and Hawkes Bay In 2010 96 parasitism of codling moth by L caudatus in larvae collected from a Hawkes Bay orchard was recorded Liotryphon caudatus harvested from this collection were used to establish a laboratory colony for behavioural observations In 2011 15 sites across Hawkes Bay comprising abandoned organic and Integrated Fruit Production apple orchards were surveyed for the presence of L caudatus Cocooned codling moth larvae in corrugated cardboard bands were placed at each site for 3 weeks and assessed for parasitism Liotryphon caudatus was recovered from four of five abandoned orchards with up to 13 parasitism but was not found in either organic or IFP orchards
Soil applications of two neonicotinoid insecticides to control mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) in vineyards
Authors: Lo P.L. , Walker J.T.S.
Published: October 2019

Grapevine leafrollassociated Virus 3 debilitates grapevines reducing yields and juice quality and eventually makes vineyards uneconomic Mealybugs (Pseudococcus spp) are the key insect pests of grapes in New Zealand because they are the principal vectors of this virus Until recently all insecticides registered for their control depended on direct contact but mealybugs live in hardtotreat parts of vines This research tested the efficacy of two neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and SCAL 5085 that have translaminar and systemic activity Two field trials were conducted on commercial vineyards with the insecticides applied as soil drenches In the first trial imidacloprid applied at 0525 g ai/vine reduced mealybug abundance by >99 compared with untreated vines and autumn and spring applications were equally effective Half this rate was less effective although drenching in autumn was better than in spring In the second trial treatments were applied in winter and SCAL 5085 at 0263 g ai/vine provided equivalent control to imidacloprid at 0525 g ai/vine
Concentrated lowvolume aerial sprays to improve spray distribution in large avocado trees
Authors: Gaskin R.E. , Steele K.D. , Elliott G.S.
Published: October 2019

The avocado industry has comprehensive guidelines for groundbased spray application to avocado orchards but there are no current guidelines for aerial spray applications Helicopterapplied deposits from a dilute spray application (600 litres/ha) of copper on a commercial Hass avocado orchard (12 m tall trees) were compared with twotimes (300 litres/ha) and threetimes (200 litres/ha) concentrate sprays with addition of varying rates of the superspreader adjuvant DuWett Tartrazine dye was included as a deposit tracer Concentrate sprays with adjuvant addition consistently gave higher spray deposits on difficulttowet fruit than the dilute aerial spray Deposits on fruit in all canopy zones were increased with concentrate sprays but particularly in the upper lower and outer canopy zones On foliage concentrate sprays with adjuvant addition gave similar spray deposits to the dilute spray Leaves in mid and inner canopy zones tended to be less well targeted by concentrate sprays This must be considered if targeting dense trees with aerial sprays
Sweetpotato cultivar susceptibility to infection by Ceratocystis fimbriata
Authors: Lewthwaite S.L. , Wright P.J. , Triggs C.M.
Published: October 2019

The fungus Ceratocystis fimbriata causes a disease of the sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) plant commonly known as black rot This study evaluated sweetpotato cultivar susceptibility to C fimbriata infection During crop production infection of sweetpotato storage roots may take place by transmission from contaminated transplants but generally the pathogen is introduced directly through openings in the periderm These openings may take the form of damaged secondary lateral roots lenticels or wounds In a laboratorybased bioassay storage roots were punctured then pointinoculated with the pathogen Following incubation under warm humid conditions the dimensions of black rot lesions were compared The predominant New Zealand cultivar Owairaka Red was demonstrably less susceptible to C fimbriata than the Japanese cultivar Beniazuma but significantly more susceptible than Beauregard from the United States of America (P
Release of a new biological control agent Cotesia urabae against Uraba lugens in New Zealand
Authors: Avila G. , Berndt L.A.
Published: October 2019

In July 2010 the Environmental Risk Management Authority New Zealand gave approval to Scion to release the parasitoid Cotesia urabae (Hymenoptera Braconidae) as a biological control agent for the gum leaf skeletonizer Uraba lugens (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in New Zealand as part of a project supported by the Sustainable Farming Fund To date four releases of the biological control agent have been made three at the Auckland Domain and one at the Manukau Memorial Gardens Further releases will be made to ensure establishment Three C urabae cocoons were found 1 month after the first release suggesting initial establishment Monitoring is continuing to determine if the population persists It is predicted that the introduction of C urabae into New Zealand will (1) lead to a decrease in the existing population of U lugens (2) have no impacts on nontarget species and (3) provide socioeconomic benefits such as reducing the number of encounters between humans and caterpillars (and therefore decreasing the incidence of allergic responses) and reducing the substantial costs associated with maintaining the utility of eucalypts for wood and pulp production and the costs of protecting or replacing amenity trees
Weevils in pasture a comparison of sampling techniques
Authors: McNeill M.R. , Van_Koten C.
Published: October 2019

This study compared four methods to quantitatively sample adult Listronotus bonariensis and Sitona lepidus (both Coleoptera Curculionidae) in dairy pasture with a view of determining an appropriate sampling method for accurate population estimation in terms of weevils/m2 Collections were made by one of three vacuum methods a vacuum cleaner to take 12 02 m2 quadrats a Vortis (24 16 cm diameter 002 m2) or blowervac (30 m ca 11 cm diameter 327 m2) to suck the weevils from the soil surface; or by taking turf cores (48 10 cm diameter 000785 m2) with extraction of weevils using a Berlesse funnel The sampling was carried out on three occasions and the four methods compared for each occasion Overall for both weevil species coring or the vacuum cleaner generally indicated significantly higher densities compared to the Vortis or blower vac and are concluded to be the most accurate methods for measuring adult density However the blowervac is a convenient tool for mass collection of weevils and parasitoids while the Vortis is useful for monitoring more fragile insects such as Hymenoptera
Production of Metarhizium anisopliae microsclerotia for insect control
Authors: Najera-Rincon M.B. , Nelson T.L. , Wright D.A. , Townsend R.J. , Jackson T.A.
Published: October 2019

The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota Hypocreales) has recently been found capable of producing compact hyphal aggregates (microsclerotia) under specific culture conditions that become pigmented during growth The microsclerotia can be formulated and are stable when dried for storage Upon rehydration hyphae grow from the microsclerotes develop into a fungal pellet and produce large quantities of conidia In this study microsclerotia were produced using New Zealand USA and Mexican strains of M anisopliae and characterised for production requirements stability and conidial production Microsclerotia were produced in shake flasks and fermenter vessels and differences were observed in growth and production according to strain and CN ratio The potential of microsclerotia formulations for biocontrol of redheaded cockchafer (Adoryphorus couloni Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) is currently under evaluation
Threat of Turnip mosaic virus strains to rare and endangered native Lepidium spp in the South Island New Zealand
Authors: Fletcher J.D. , Bulman S.R. , Van_Vianen J. , Heenan P.B. , Houliston G.J.
Published: October 2019

Cooks scurvy grass (Lepidium oleraceum agg) is an endangered species of native Brassicaceae that is considered threatened by extinction Viruslike disease symptoms were observed in a newly introduced plant of L oleraceum at Stony Bay Banks Peninsula Canterbury New Zealand in 2008 Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) was subsequently confirmed as the cause of symptoms A survey was undertaken at seven isolated South Island sites where L oleraceum and other Lepidium species were growing TuMV was detected in around 20 of plants at two sites Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) was also detected at three sites with up to 50 incidence at one site and there was some evidence of a Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) infection Further isolates of TuMV were also collected from commercial brassica crops in the South Island RT PCR products for all of the virusinfected plant material were sequenced analysed phylogenetically and compared This poster reports on survey results and the comparative phylogenetic analysis of the TuMV isolates
Improving the management of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) in apple orchards
Authors: Lo P.L. , Walker J.T.S. , Fraser T.M. , Manktelow D.W.
Published: October 2019

Mealybug infestations in New Zealand apples declined when integrated fruit production was implemented in the late 1990s In Hawkes Bay however mealybugs have recently become an increasing problem The mean incidence of mealybugs at harvest increased from 17 in 2008 to 22 in 2010 In 2009 and 2010 almost 50 of blocks had a higher incidence than the previous year Analysis of spray diaries suggested that spray programmes up to 200910 were inadequate to maintain longterm suppression of mealybugs Key factors were the number of insecticide sprays their time of application and the choice of product but not spray coverage Consequently in spring 2010 orchard managers were encouraged to follow a best practice spray programme against mealybugs which led to markedly improved mealybug control At harvest in 2011 the mean incidence was 07 and just 14 of blocks had more mealybugs than the previous year while almost 60 had fewer
Botrytis cinerea control on Sauvignon blanc using a recycling sprayer
Authors: Raw V. , Mundy D.C. , McLachlan A.R.G , Clifford C. , Walter M.
Published: October 2019

The New Zealand wine industry is strongly committed to sustainable production The SprayPro Rseries sprayer is designed to recycle unused chemical sprays not deposited on the target area Sauvignon blanc vines in Marlborough New Zealand were studied during 2011/2012 The vineyard area was 5 ha at 80 flowering where the full canopy was sprayed and 10 ha at pre bunch closure (PBC) targeting the fruiting zone only Disease control efficacy of spray recycling was investigated using Botrytis cinerea as the model pathogen Pathogen colonisation of necrotic leaf discs placed in the canopy at 80 flowering and PBC showed even control of B cinerea At PBC 80 of the watersensitive papers had adequate to excellent coverage Botrytis bunch rot incidence and severity were evenly expressed throughout the block but increased during preharvest; severity was well below the 3 economic threshold Recycling of botryticides did not affect disease control
Effect of partial defoliation on Cylindrocarpon destructans infection of grapevines
Authors: Brown D. , Jones E.E. , Ridgway H.J. , Jaspers M.V.
Published: October 2019

Oneyearold grapevines of Sauvignon blanc grafted to rootstocks 10114 or Schwarzmann were used to evaluate the effects of partial defoliation and inoculation with C destructans on disease severity incidence and dry weight accumulation Assessment 8 months after treatments showed that disease incidence was not affected by the defoliation treatments However disease severity was significantly highest for the highly defoliated plants (P0043) Incidence and severity were similar for Schwarzmann (293 and 84 respectively) and 10114 (310 and 149 respectively) Root dry weight was affected by the defoliation treatments (P0000) being significantly lower in the highly defoliated plants than the moderately defoliated and undefoliated plants (156 185 and 199 g respectively) The practice of leaf removal in young vines clearly needs to be managed when black foot is a recognised risk factor for newly planted vineyards
The potential of a New Zealand strain of Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita for biological control of slugs
Authors: Wilson M.J. , Burch G. , Tourna M. , Aalders L.T. , Barker G.M.
Published: October 2019

In New Zealand the European invasive slug Deroceras reticulatum is a pest in home gardens horticulture pastoral and arable agriculture At present there are no biological control options available in New Zealand unlike Europe where the nematode parasite Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is sold in several countries under the trade name Nemaslug This paper describes the finding of a nematode parasitising D reticulatum in New Zealand that was identified by morphological and molecular (18S rDNA sequencing) methods as P hermaphrodita The nematode was reared on slug cadavers and shown to infect and kill fieldcollected D reticulatum In mesocosm experiments with clover the New Zealand P hermaphrodita applied at the recommended commercial rate substantially increased plant density even under high slug pressure
Update on diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) insecticide resistance and the vegetable brassica insecticide management strategy
Authors: Walker G.P. , Davis S.I. , MacDonald F.H. , Herman T.J.B.
Published: October 2019

The susceptibility of field populations of diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella to lambdacyhalothrin methamidophos spinosad and indoxacarb collected from the four major brassicagrowing regions has been assessed approximately every 2 years from 1997 to 2008 Recent results indicate that populations from all regions have increased their resistance to lambdacyhalothrin but there is little or no resistance to spinosad and indoxacarb and reduced resistance to methamidophos This mitigation of resistance in DBM is attributed to in particular a decadelong regional adherence by the vegetable industry of rotating spinosad with indoxacarb in a twowindowsperyear rotation strategy The original insecticide resistance management rotation strategy had to be updated to incorporate chlorantraniliprole registered as a foliar spray and recently a mixture of chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam as a seedling drench Seedling drenches have been removed from the twowindow strategy used for foliar sprays with drenches now aligned with periods targeting the highest pest pressure allowing mode of action (MoA)free periods and rotation of different MoA insecticides to mitigate any resistance buildup in DBM
Infection of ZESPRI GOLD kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Hort16A) lenticels by Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae
Authors: Larsen N.J. , Sutherland P.W. , Hallett I.C. , Jones M.K. , Pushparajah I.P.S. , Everett K.R.
Published: October 2019

Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) is a bacterium whose virulent form (PsaV) causes severe infections of kiwifruit particularly Actinidia chinensis Hort16A Lenticels on kiwifruit canes function as pores allowing gaseous exchange The lenticellular structure penetrates through the periderm potentially allowing bacterial entry and subsequent cortex infection Bacteria have been observed inside and directly below lenticels from ca 3yearold woody tissue from the field To investigate this pathway of bacterial infection further lenticels from three wood ages were inoculated with a strain of PsaV at 109 cfu/ml Brown staining was observed on lenticels 3 days after inoculation on the youngest wood (< 1 year old) Lenticels were sectioned 2 and 4 weeks after inoculation and isolations were conducted from sterilised tissue after 4 weeks Psa was visible inside lenticels of the youngest wood 2 weeks postinoculation and was also isolated from the youngest tissue after 4 weeks Bacteria were not observed in lenticels of older wood and Psa was not isolated
The seed bug Nysius caledoniae recently established in New Zealand is it a crop pest
Authors: Burnip G.M. , George S.
Published: October 2019

Nysius caledoniae was first detected in 2006 on a Pukekohe lettuce crop Species designation was initially not possible but subsequent taxonomic review of the Nysius genus concluded it was Nysius caledoniae (Lygaeidae); synonymous with N turneri N cleavelandensis and N pacificus Previous unidentified Nysius specimens were subsequently identified as N caledoniae the earliest from Auckland in 2003 suggesting establishment prior to 2006 A recent Northland collection was 188 km north of Pukekohe Its actual New Zealand distribution is likely much greater Its biology is similar to N huttoni Primary food sources are Asteraceae weed seeds It has potential as a quarantine pest on export crops similar to N huttoni For example in USA preclearance apple export inspections N huttoni accounted for ca 13 of all phytosanitary inspection failures during 1994
The relative importance of visual and olfactory cues to onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) in host and nonhost crops
Authors: Skill S.M. , Davidson M.M. , Butler R.C.
Published: October 2019

Onion thrips are a key pest in onion crops on a global scale and are known to respond to visual (eg coloured traps) and olfactory (eg ethyl isonicotinate (Ei)) cues In order to better understand how such cues could be exploited to help manage this pest an experiment was set up in an onion and an adjacent wheat crop to compare the relative importance of olfactory and visual cues in a host and nonhost crop Blue (visual cue) and green (nonvisual cue) sticky traps were placed on poles at canopy height in both crops both with and without an Ei lure (olfactory cue) in spring (2011) for 7 days Approximately eight times more onion thrips were caught in the wheat field (P0031) than in the onion crop where very few were caught (151 total onion thrips) The olfactory cue was stronger than the visual cue in both crops With the Ei lure green traps caught around 27 (onion) or 330 (wheat) thrips and blue traps caught around 30 (onion) or 35 (wheat) thrips on average Without the lure green traps caught less than 1 for both crops while blue traps caught around 05 (onion) or 59 (wheat) thrips
Proof of concept for a biochemical test that differentiates between heattreated and nonheattreated food products
Authors: Iline I.I. , Novoselov M.A. , Phillips C.B.
Published: October 2019

Quarantine authorities often deal with imported food products containing ingredients of animal origin that can carry biosecurity hazards such as animal diseases The New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) developed an Import Health Standard to manage this risk The standard states that products must be heated to a specified temperature for a specified time (eg 110C for 40 min) within hermetically sealed containers However it can be difficult to verify that products have been properly heattreated and a quick easilyused test would assist with verification Possible targets of such a test are enzymes that are inactivated by high temperatures This paper describes a modified electrophoretic gel stain recipe for glucose6phosphate isomerase (GPI) that enables testing of samples in tubes In these experiments nonheattreated food products rapidly produced a coloured dye after being mixed with stain but heattreated products did not Some imported foods intercepted by MPI were also evaluated There is potential to develop similar tests for use on plant products and/or organisms associated with plant products to verify heat treatment has taken place
Tecnología Médica y Derecho: La Potencialidad de la Ingeniería Biomédica
Authors: Monzón Wyngaard Álvaro , Monzón Jorge E. , Carlevaro Agustín S. , Monzón Victoria , Payes Matías
Published: October 2019

Si partimos del concepto básico, el Derecho no es otra cosa que la plasmación escrita de una realidad social, y como tal, esa realidad es cambiante. Si ratificamos –lo dicho por Nino– que el Derecho es como el aire porque está en todas partes, no queda duda alguna que la Tecnología Médica como tal no está exenta de regulaciones jurídicas
Adopción homoparental y su incidencia en el interés superior del niño
Authors: Bajales Mayra Evelyna
Published: October 2019

La organización de la familia ha sido ordinariamente sobre la base del matrimonio heterosexual, considerado hasta no hace mucho como el ideal ético y jurídico a seguir en orden a la protección de intereses superiores que atañen a la comunidad de la que forma parte. Sin embargo, la profunda evolución de las costumbres a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX dio lugar a que se considere, frente al estereotipo clásico de familia, a otros modelos que se producen por actos voluntarios o aún de hechos fortuitos, generando las nuevas formas de familia entre las que se encuentra la familia homosexual.
El poder penal del estado y el nuevo proceso penal
Authors: Chiara Díaz Carlos A. , Finocchiaro Enzo
Published: October 2019

Si bien el nuevo proceso penal necesitaría de una transformación profunda de todo el sistema penal que comenzara con la renovadora y armonización del vetusto Código Penal y de las leyes penales complementarias, conforme se hizo en el proyecto confeccionado durante los años 2005 y 2006 por una comisión de diez juristas convocados por el Poder Ejecutivo Nacional, las provincias han seguido avanzando, tanto que han actualizado sus constituciones y códigos en beneficio de los ciudadanos, lo cual nos parece ponderable y adecuado al régimen federal que nos rige.
Actualidad e interés para el derecho constitucional del caso Dred Scott
Authors: Elgul Gabriela , Zagert Liliana B.
Published: October 2019

Abogada. Becaria SGCyT, UNNE, en la investigación “Función histórica. conciencia jurídica material e implicancias teóricas del caso Dred Scott de cara al conflicto constitucional entre libertad y propiedad”.
La protección del usuario del servicio público de energía eléctrica en la reciente jurisprudencia del Superior Tribunal de Justicia de la Provincia de Corrientes
Authors: Goldfarb Miguel Andrés
Published: October 2019

En el presente trabajo expondré acerca del avance jurisprudencial que en materia de protección de usuarios de servicios públicos ante la administración se viene dando en la provincia de Corrientes a partir de la Reforma Constitucional Provincial del año 2007. A tales fines tomo como puntos de análisis dos fallos relevantes del Superior Tribunal de la citada Provincia, de cuyos fundamentos y resoluciones se desprenden una serie elementos harto relevantes en materia de tutela de las personas cuando ocupamos el rol de usuarios de un servicio público esencial.
Los menores de edad en el código civil y en el sistema de protección integral
Authors: Guglielmone Silvia Ana Lía
Published: October 2019

El Código Civil regula en forma sistematizada el Régimen Tuitivo de la Menores en diversos Institutos Jurídicos clásicos. Entre las instituciones protectoras de la minoridad, creadas con el fin de suplir la incapacidad de la menor edad, encontramos en primer lugar a la Patria Potestad (Título III); figura esta que encarna por excelencia la función tutelar y de representación necesaria, original y legal de los menores de edad.
Mode analysis of different step index optical fibers at 1064 nm for high power fiber laser and amplifier
Authors: Dutta Arpan
Published: October 2019

Fiber lasers having high power and high beam quality are popular for various industrial, biomedical, defense and scientific applications. Rare earth doped active fibers are used as gain medium in fiber laser system. The core region of these fibers is doped with different rare earth elements like erbium (Er), ytterbium (Yb) and thulium (Tm). In this paper, observation of mode profiles and calculation of modal power of different step index fibers has been done with the help of COMSOL and MATLAB. The analysis was done at 1064nm wavelength as these fibers are Yb-doped active fiber having an operation region near 1 micron for laser and amplifier applications. As we move to larger core diameter active fiber to achieve high power, the higher order modes starts carrying more power. To analyze this, fractional power of different transverse modes in the fiber both core and cladding region was calculated. Fibers were modeled in COMSOL and analyzed using MATLAB.
Analytical Solution to Improper Integral of Divergent Power Functions Using The Riemann Zeta Function
Authors: Tafazoli Siamak , Aghili Farhad
Published: October 2019

This paper presents an analytical closed-form solution to improper integral $\mu(r)=\int_0^{\infty} x^r dx$, where $r \geq 0$. The solution technique is based on splitting the improper integral into an infinite sum of definite integrals with successive integer limits. The exact solution of every definite integral is obtained by making use of the binomial polynomial expansion, which then allows expression of the entire summation equivalently in terms of a weighted sum of Riemann zeta functions. It turns out that the solution fundamentally depends on whether or not $r$ is an integer. If $r$ is a non-negative integer, then the solution is manifested in a finite series of weighted Bernoulli numbers, which is then drastically simplified to a second order rational function $\mu(r)=(-1)^{r+1}/(r+1)(r+2)$. This is achieved by taking advantage of the relationships between Bernoulli numbers and binomial coefficients. On the other hand, if $r$ is a non-integer real-valued number, then we prove $\mu(r)=0$ by the virtue of the elegant relationships between zeta and gamma functions and their properties.
Mathematical Approaches to User Modeling
Authors: Nguyen Loc
Published: October 2019

The first edition of the book “Mathematical Approaches to User Modeling” is developed from the PhD dissertation “A User Modeling for Adaptive Learning”. It was accepted on 4th January 2015 by Scientific Research Publishing (SCIRP) and finished on 13rd July 2016 but it is not published yet. Following is the abstract of the book.User model is description of user's information and characteristics in abstract level. User model is very important to adaptive software which aims to support user as much as possible. The process to construct user model is called user modeling. As the title suggests, the book focuses on mathematical approaches to user modeling. The book includes seven main chapters. Chapter I is a survey of user model, user modeling, and adaptive learning. Chapter II introduces the general architecture of the proposed user modeling system Zebra and Triangular Learner Model (TLM). Chapter III, IV, V describes three sub-models of TLM such as knowledge sub-model, learning style sub-model, and learning history sub-model in full of mathematical formulas and fundamental methods. These are the most important chapters. Chapter VI gives some approaches to evaluate TLM and Zebra. Chapter VII summarizes the research and discusses future trend of Zebra.The whole book is available at http://mum.locnguyen.net. In general, the first difference of the book is to introduce my innovative works in mathematics, probability, user modeling, machine learning, data mining, and adaptive learning. The second difference is that the user modeling system Zebra is implemented as computer software associated to the book, available at http://zebra.locnguyen.net. Moreover, examples, mathematical formulas, and mathematical models inside the book are implemented separately and integrated into another computer software.
Pentingnya Menciptakan Lingkungan yang Bersih dan Sehat di Lingkungan Sekolah
Authors: rahayu gusti
Published: October 2019

Kebersihan lingkungan menjadi salah satu faktor utama demi berlangsungnya hidup yang bersih, sehat, dan nyaman. Terhindar dari berbagai macam penyakit sangat di inginkan oleh setiap orang. Dalam menjaga kebersihan lingkungan hidup tidak hanya diri kita sendiri, tetapi juga masyarakat, dan juga pemerintah. Kurangnya perhatian masyarakat terhadap lingkungan sangat familiar untuk saat ini. Hal ini juga harus di sampaikan ke pada anak agar anak juga bisa menjaga lingkungan disekolahnya supaya tetap bersih agar terhdindar dari penyakit dan ketidak nyamanan dengan lingkungan yang tidak sehat dan tidak bersih. Kasus-kasus yang menyangkut masalah kebersihan dalam lingkungan hidup yang selalu mempengaruhi kesehatan masyarakat terutama anak-anak setiap tahunnya selalu meningkat. kebersihan lingkungan harus dijaga dengan baik terutama dilingkungan sekolah yang berhubungan dengan anak-anak dan proses belajar mengajar. agar terhindar dari penyakit lingkungan oleh sebab itu kita dapat menjaga kebersihan lingkungan hidup dan menjaga kesehatan dalam lingkungan hidup, kita pasti akan terhindar dari macam-macam penyakit, sehingga lingkungan hidup yang nyaman dan tentram akan tercipta.
Nilai-nilai Filsafat Hidup Siwalima
Authors: HETHARIA HENKY HERZON
Published: October 2019

Budaya Maluku mengandung berbagai kearifan lokal yang kaya dengan nilai-nilai universal yang diterima oleh semua umat manusia. Salah satu kearifan lokal Maluku adalah filsafat hidup Siwalima yang mengandung nilai-nilai universal, yaitu: nilai persatuan dan kesatuan, nilai musyawarah, nilai kemanusiaan, nilai keadilan sosial, nilai religiusitas, nilai persaudaraan, nilai cinta damai, nilai hidup dalam perbedaan dan pembagian, nilai keharmonisan dan keseimbangan. Nilai-nilai universal dalam filsafat hidup Siwalima ini bersifat universal dan diterima oleh semua budaya dan umat manusia. Nilai-nilai ini dapat bermanfaat bagi penguatan karakter masyarakat Maluku yang bersifat majemuk (multikultural) di masa kini maupun di masa depan. Tulisan ini telah dipublikasikan di dalam prosiding seminar nasional: Identitas Lokal dan Nasional dalam Konteks Modernisasi Internasional, terbitan Juli 2017.
On the Axiomatic Methodology in Normative Ethics
Authors: Tahara Hiroki
Published: October 2019

I wrote about the idea that absolute ethical laws could be found in an axiomatic way in normative ethics, and wrote a self-objection and an improvement against it. Before it, I wrote reviews about the concept of axiom and the major ideas of normative ethics.
Testing different concentrations of both hydrocortisone and rifampicin toward pregnane X receptor activation suggest their protective effect against liver toxicity.
Authors: Alshammari Elham
Published: October 2019

In different animal and human (in vitro) models, PXR activation resulted in suppressed liver inflammation and fibrosis which in return suggest graft survival. In this study, different concentrations of hydrocortisone (HC) and rifampicin were tested for PXR activity. For each drug, transfected HEPG2 cells were treated with different molar concentrations and then luciferase activity for both firefly and renilla were recorded. Both hydrocortisone and rifampicin produced an increase in PXR activity. Correlation between PXR activation and graft failure must be addressed in clinical setting.
PENERAPAN FILOSOFI SUKU KARO ” ENDI ENTA” SEBAGAI PEDOMAN PEMIMPIN KEPERAWATAN UNTUK MEMOTIVASI PERAWAT PELAKSANA DALAM MELAKUKAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN
Authors: pinem herita suasanta
Published: October 2019

Seorang pemimpin harus memiliki keteranpilan untuk mempengaruhi orang lain, dan salah satu peran pemimpin adalah memberikan motivasi kepada perawat pelaksana. Motivasi seringkali menjadi masalah yang menyebabkan menurunnya kinerja perawat dalam melakukan asuhan keperawatan. Transkultural tidak dapat dipisahkan dari dunia keperawtan dan dan kearifan lokal dimana suku dan budaya memiliki nilai yang berpengaruh untuk diterapak. Tujuan penelitian adalah melalui kearifan lokal yaitu filosofi Ukat “ Endi Enta “ dapat dijadikan pedoman bagi pemimpin keperawatan dan dapat diterapkan sebagai motifasi perawat pelaksana dalam melakukan asuhan keperawatan. Jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan deskripsi analisi yang lebih mengutamakan masalah proses dan makna/persepsi . Hasil yang diharapkan adalah kepemimpinan yang menggunakan kearifan lokal dimana salah satunya adalah filososfi Ukat “Endi Enta” yang ditanamkan menjadi sebuah prinsip kepada perawat diharapkan berpengaruh pada tingkat semangat kerja. Dari berbagai penelitian dapat dibuktikan bahwa kearifan lokal juga terbukti dapat digunakan untuk mempengaruhi bawahannya untuk meningkatkan kinerja. Saran supaya Rumah sakit ikut mendukung pelestarian budaya indonesia melalui pelayanan kesehatan.
Pricing the Unemployment Insurances by the One-Period Binomial Model
Authors: Tahara Hiroki
Published: October 2019

I determined general fee of employment insurance. I used one-term binomial models in order to determine general fee of employment insurance.
MATERI BOOKLET
Authors: pinem herita suasanta
Published: October 2019

PELAKSANAAN KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM LAYANAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN
Open Science Practices are on the Rise: The State of Social Science (3S) Survey
Authors: Christensen Garret , Wang Zenan , Paluck Elizabeth Levy , Swanson Nicholas , Birke David J. , Miguel Edward , Littman Rebecca
Published: October 2019

Has there been meaningful movement toward open science practices within the social sciences in recent years? Discussions about changes in practices such as posting data and pre-registering analyses have been marked by controversy—including controversy over the extent to which change has taken place. This study, based on the State of Social Science (3S) Survey, provides the first comprehensive assessment of awareness of, attitudes towards, perceived norms regarding, and adoption of open science practices within a broadly representative sample of scholars from four major social science disciplines: economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. We observe a steep increase in adoption: as of 2017, over 80% of scholars had used at least one such practice, rising from one quarter a decade earlier. Attitudes toward research transparency are on average similar between older and younger scholars, but the paceof change differs by field and methodology. According with theories of normal science and scientific change, the timing of increases in adoption coincides with technological innovations and institutional policies. Patterns are consistent with most scholars underestimating the trend toward open science in their discipline.