bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TEKNIK PENDEDERAN BENIH IKAN BETUTU (Oxyeleotris marmorata) DENGAN PADAT PENEBARAN BERBEDA PADA SKALA OUTDOOR
Authors: Maulana Muhammad Rizki , Supendi Supendi , Fajar Samsul
Published: September 2017

Ikan betutu (Oxyeleotris marmorata) merupakan ikan air tawar yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis penting karena menjadi komoditas ekspor dengan harga yang tinggi. Pada sistem budidaya, pertumbuhan merupakan faktor yang penting. Pertumbuhan ikan yang dibudidayakan terutama dipengaruhi oleh pakan dan padat tebar. Informasi tentang pertumbuhan benih ikan betutu yang dipelihara dengan padat tebar berbeda perlu diketahui. Percobaan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan benih ikan betutu dengan perlakuan padat tebar 50 ekor/m3 (perlakuan A), 100 ekor/m3 (perlakuan B), dan 150 ekor/m3 (perlakuan C) yang dipelihara selama 40 hari dalam tahap pendederan secara outdoor. Hasil percobaan ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan A memiliki pertumbuhan (bobot akhir rata-rata 4,87 g dan panjang 7,25 cm) yang lebih tinggi daripada padat tebar 100 ekor/m3 (bobot akhir rata-rata 3,22 g dan panjang 6,38 cm) dan 150 ekor/m3 (bobot akhir rata-rata 2,43 g dan panjang 5,82 cm).
PENGARUH PEMUASAAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN NILA BEST (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Priadi Bambang , Sundari Sri , Irawan Deni
Published: September 2017

Ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) merupakan komoditas budidaya ikan air tawar yang populer di dunia. Salah satu permasalahan yang sering muncul pada usaha budidaya ikan nila adalah biaya pakan, sehingga diperlukan manajemen pakan melalui pemberian pakan yang efektif. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan percobaan pemuasaan untuk mengefisienkan pemberian pakan yang tetap dapat menghasilkan pertumbuhan benih secara optimal. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi pertumbuhan benih ikan nila BEST dengan tiga perlakuan pemuasaan, yaitu perlakuan A (sebagai kontrol yang setiap hari diberi pakan), perlakuan B (dipuasakan selama satu minggu, kemudian diberi pakan setiap hari), dan perlakuan C (dipuasakan selama dua minggu, kemudian diberi pakan setiap hari), dengan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diukur adalah pertumbuhan panjang mutlak dan pertumbuhan bobot mutlak. Hasil percobaan ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua perlakuan ikan nila BEST yang dipuasakan tidak mampu menyamai pertambahan panjang benih ikan nila BEST yang tidak dipuasakan (kontrol). Sementara itu, pertumbuhan bobot benih ikan nila BEST yang dipuasakan selama satu minggu mampu menyusul pertumbuhan bobot benih ikan nila BEST kontrol, sedangkan benih ikan nila BEST yang dipuasakan selama dua minggu tidak mampu menyusul pertumbuhan bobot ikan nila BEST kontrol. Dengan demikian, pemuasaan benih ikan nila BEST selama satu minggu dapat diaplikasikan untuk menghemat biaya pakan tanpa mengurangi pertumbuhan bobotnya, karena pertumbuhan bobotnya dapat menyamai benih ikan nila BEST yang setiap hari diberi pakan.
ANALISIS BEBERAPA BAHAN PAKAN IKAN SECARA PROKSIMAT
Authors: Khazaidan Khazaidan , Mikdarullah Mikdarullah
Published: September 2017

Penyediaan pakan dengan nilai mutu baik menentukan keberhasilan usaha budidaya perikanan air tawar. Nilai mutu pakan dilihat dari ketersediaan nutrien yang dibutuhkan oleh tiap jenis ikan, di antaranya air, abu, protein, lemak, dan serat kasar. Pakan buatan umumnya berasal dari bahan nabati dan bahan hewani. Bahan hewani yang umumnya digunakan tepung ikan. Mahalnya harga tepung ikan menyebabkan perlunya mencari bahan baku pakan lain yang dapat mengganti tepung ikan. Tujuan kegiatan untuk mengetahui analisis proksimat beberapa bahan baku pakan untuk dijadikan bahan alternatif dalam pembuatan formulasi pakan. Analisis Proksimat dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2015 di Laboratorium Nutrisi (Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Air Tawar (BPPBAT). Bahan yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini tepung ikan rucah, tepung kepala udang, tepung kepala teri, tepung daging, dan tepung darah. Analisis proksimat meliputi kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, dan serat kasar. Hasil analisis proksimat bahan baku pakan memiliki kadar proksimat cukup baik untuk diformulasikan. Bahan pakan yang memiliki kadar air tertinggi yaitu tepung kepala teri sebesar 12,08%. Kadar abu tertinggi terdapat dalam tepung kepala udang sebesar 44,75%. Kadar protein tertinggi terdapat dalam tepung darah sebesar 81,72%. Kadar lemak tertinggi terdapat dalam tepung daging sebesar 10,20%. Serat kasar tertinggi terdapat dalam tepung darah sebesar 7,70%.
TEKNIK PENENTUAN NILAI KONSENTRASI HAMBAT MINIMUM BAHAN HERBAL DENGAN CARA MIKRODILUSI
Authors: Wadjdy Edy Farid , Setiadi Setiadi
Published: September 2017

Bahan herbal merupakan bahan alami yang mengandung senyawa kimia yang mempunyai berbagai kegunaan dan bersifat aman, serta ramah lingkungan sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengendalian penyakit ikan budidaya air tawar. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui teknik penentuan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari bahan herbal dengan cara mikrodilusi. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan dengan cara metode maserasi bahan herbal dengan pelarut berupa aquadest steril dan menggunakan bakteri uji Aeromonas hydrophila yang ditumbuhkan dalam media muller hinton broth, dan kemudian ditempatkan pada mikrowell 96 dengan perbandingan bakteri 20 µL : ekstrak herbal 20 µL : 160 µL media muller hinton broth dengan dosis bertingkat 1 µL/mL, 2 µL/mL, 3 µL/mL, 4 µL/mL, dan 5 µL/mL. Hasil yang diperoleh, bahwa nilai KHM yang paling tinggi terdapat pada ekstrak kunyit dengan dosis 2 µL/mL dan nilai hambatnya sebesar 1,0011.
A one dimensional variational model of superelasticity for shape memory alloys
Authors: Pham Kim
Published: September 2017

In this paper we propose a variational framework for the modeling of superelasticity in shape memory alloys with softening behavior. This model is valid for a class of standard rate-independent materials with a single internal variable. The quasi-static evolution is based on two physical principles: a stability criterion which selects the local minima of the total energy and an energy balance condition which ensures the absolute continuity of the total energy. The stability criterion allows to bypass non-uniqueness issues associated to softening behaviour while the energy balance condition accounts for brutal evolutions at the local levels. We investigate properties of homogeneous and non-homogenous solutions towards this variational evolution problem. Specifically, we show how softening behaviour can lead to instability of the homogeneous states. In this latter case, we show that a stable solution would consist in following the Maxwell line given by the softening behaviour, then resulting in a non-homogeneous evolution.
Closing Editorial: Peer teaching and learning; the key to scholarship
Authors: Read Jamie , Browne Julie
Published: September 2017

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. In our opening editorial we discussed our desire to receive a diverse range of submissions regarding peer teaching and learning. We are delighed to have received such a range of different submissions from healthcare education teams across the globe, focussing on peer education in very different settings. In this, our closing editorial, we discuss the key findings from the submissions that we have received, provide our own reflections on what authors have submitted and discuss our experiences of co-editing this themed edition of MedEdPublish.
Materializing Exposure: Developing an Indexical Method to Visualize Health Hazards Related to Fossil Fuel Extraction
Authors: Wylie Sara , Wilder Elisabeth , Vera Lourdes , Thomas Deborah , McLaughlin Megan
Published: September 2017

How can STS researchers collaborate with communities to design environmental monitoring devices that more effectively express their experiences and address gaps in regulation? This paper describes and shows the results of a novel method of visualizing environmental emissions of corrosive gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exposure using photographic paper. H2S is a neurotoxic and flammable gas that smells like rotten eggs and is frequently associated with oil and natural gas extraction. Communities living with oil and gas development in Wyoming report odors of rotten eggs and describe symptoms of H2S exposure. H2S is recognized as an acute and chronic threat to human and environmental health and oil and gas companies are required to have plans in place to prevent and respond to accidental, high concentration releases of H2S. They are not, however, required to monitor, report or prevent routine daily emissions. Yet 15-25% of the oil and gas wells in the US are predicted to contain H2S, and some communities surrounded by multiple wells report chronic, routine exposure. Chronic exposure is difficult to represent with current tools for monitoring H2S because they are designed to measure acute workplace exposure. Informed by STS theories of black boxes and regimes of imperceptibility that focus on the need to revise not only regulations but also material tools of science, this paper describes the development of an indexical approach to visualizing this hazard. In indexical design, the reactive sensing element of a scientific instrument is brought to the foreground. The silver in the photopaper is an index as it tarnishes with H2S exposure. Discolored tests strips can be arranged together to form data-rich maps of the exposure landscape where this discoloration both represents how the gas spreads through a space and is a physical trace of the gas. Preliminary results in the form of data-rich maps show that regulating H2S emissions as primarily accidental is inappropriate and fails to adequately protect human health.
Crowdsourcing Undone Science
Authors: Ottinger Gwen
Published: September 2017

Could crowdsourcing be a way to get undone science done?  Could grassroots groups enlist volunteers to help make sense of large amounts of otherwise unanalyzed data—an approach that has been gaining popularity among natural scientists?  This paper assesses the viability of this technique for creating new knowledge about the local effects of petrochemicals, by examining three recent experiments in crowdsourcing led by non-profits and grassroots groups.  These case studies suggest that undertaking a crowdsourcing project requires significant resources, including technological infrastructures that smaller or more informal groups may find it difficult to provide.  They also indicate that crowdsourcing will be most successful when the questions of grassroots groups line up fairly well with existing scientific frameworks.  The paper concludes that further experimentation in crowdsourcing is warranted, at least in cases where adequate resources and interpretive frameworks are available, and that further investment in technological infrastructures for data analysis is needed.
The Civic Informatics of FracTracker Alliance: Working with Communities to Understand the Unconventional Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Jalbert Kirk , Rubright Samantha Malone , Edelstein Karen
Published: September 2017

Unconventional oil and gas extraction is fueling a wave of resource development often touted as a new era in US energy independence. However, assessing the true costs of extraction is made difficult by the vastness of the industry and lack of regulatory transparency. This paper addresses efforts to fill knowledge gaps taken up by civil society groups, where the resources produced in these efforts are used to make informed critiques of extraction processes and governance. We focus on one civil society organization, called FracTracker Alliance, which works to enhance public understanding by collecting, interpreting, and visualizing oil and gas data in broad partnerships. Drawing on the concepts of civic science, we suggest that the informational practices of civil society research organizations facilitate critical knowledge flows that we term “civic informatics.” We offer three case studies illustrating how different characteristics of civic informatics enable public-minded research as well as build capacity for political mobilizations. Finally, we suggest that empirical studies of civic informatics and its facilitators offer insights for the study of “engaged” Science and Technologies Studies (STS) that seek to generate new models of science at the intersection of praxis and theory.
Antagonism assays to identify bacterial strains producing antimicrobial compounds. v1
Authors: Molina-Romero Dalia , Baez Antonino , Castañeda-Lucio Miguel , Ernesto Fuentes-Ramírez Luis , del Rocío Bustillos-Cristales María , Rodríguez-Andrade Osvaldo , Elizabeth Morales-García Yolanda , Munive Antonio , Quintero-Hernández Verónica , Muñoz-Rojas Jesús
Published: September 2017

Here we describe two methods for assessing the ability of one bacteria to inhibit the growth of another through the production of antimicrobial compounds. In the first assay, the double agar layer method, only the secreted substances but not the candidate antagonist bacteria interact with the sensitive microorganisms. In the second assay, the simultaneous inhibition method, both microorganisms are grown together allowing the competitive exclusion.
Logotherapy and Orthodox Christianity: A Comparative Analysis of Axiological Principals
Authors: Badaev R.A.
Published: September 2017

The author of the article applies the analysis of and the comparison between axiological basements of V. Frankl’s logotherapy and the Orthodox christian asceticism. The aim of the article is to find common ground and crossing of meanings, which could be the ground for fruitful cooperation between Orthodox christian psychotherapists and secular phycologists. For the Orthodox christians who deal with phychology this article aims to show the perspective of the interpretation of the efficient phsycotherapeutic methods, which coinside with the Church’s worldview and for those phycologists who do not con- sider themselves Orthodox Christians — the article is the testimony of Christ.
Spiritual Practices and the Language Problem
Authors: Vasilyev P.S.
Published: September 2017

In this article a new approach to the interpretation of religious-mystical experience, which bases on a notion of “mystical practice” as specific underclass of spiritual practices, is being tried out. An analysis of anthropological concepts, in which the practices of constructing oneself are central, is being held (M. Foucault, P. Ado). A role of spiritual practices and spiritual exercises in constructing person’s consti- tution is being outlined. Problems of spiritual practice language, interconnections between apophatic and kataphatic interpretation of experience and of definition of spiritual tradition as a certain communicative dimension are being raised.
Psychological Analysis of Religious Experience Disturbances: Problems with Dependence from Authority and God Image Distortions
Authors: Filonik M.S.
Published: September 2017

Current article presents a continuation of work dedicated to the problem of religious experience distortions, with which psychotherapist encounters while working with clients who share religious views. The focus is on the phenomena of substitution, which is defined as such a distortion of religious experience, where the person per- ceives it for himself as normal, spiritually mature and healthy condition. The prob- lem of codependence in the context of believer’s religious life is discussed, as well as the problem of God image distortions. Types of occurrence and negative outcomes of such problems for spiritual life of Christian are analyzed. The main causes of the discussed phenomena are pointed out. Recommendations for therapeutic work with such problems are given. Some conclusions about the preparation of Christian psy- chologists that work with religious clients are made.
Influence of Personal Faith on Psychotherapist’s Professional Activity
Authors: Drozdov D.S.
Published: September 2017

The article presents the main results of the study of influence of personal faith on psychotherapist’s professional activities.The empirical analysis is based on interviews with practicing Orthodox psychotherapists, conducted in accordance with a specially developed procedure. The author makes a conclusion about the presence of trends in the practice of Orthodox therapists to one of the two poles, distinguished by the degree of directivity, the role of the therapist and their methods. The first pole — pastoral counseling, second — psychotherapy in a spiritual dimension.
Empathy as a Method: from the Stainpoint of Modern Humanistic Psychotherapy
Authors: Karyagina T.D.
Published: September 2017

The article deals with an understanding of empathy in the context of the the prob- lems of subject matter and the method of psychotherapy. The focus is on the current state and development approaches in the branch traditionally called as humanistic or existential-humanistic psychotherapy. Status of empathy as a method of therapy is associated with the concept of the subject matter of work in a particular approach or school. Most often, the empathy is recognized as the method when the recogni- tion of experience as the subject matter of psychotherapeutic work takes place. Most obviously, this is done in modern experiantial approaches. We consider the specif- ics of experiantial methods in focusing-oriented therapy (E. Gendlin), emotiona — focused therapy (L. Greenberg, R. Elliott et al.), coexperiencing psychotherapy (F.E. Vasilyuk).
Co-experiencing as a Key Category of Co-experiencing Psychotherapy
Authors: Vasilyuk F.E.
Published: September 2017

There are three ethical reactions on the misfortune of other person: compassion, advice, practical help (M.M. Bakhtin). The foundation of all these forms of common- sense psychological support is in humane co-experiencing. Professional psychother- apy should take into account its cultural-historical soil that makes the category of co-experiencing significant for all therapeutic schools. In this article the place and the meaning of the category of co-experiencing in co-experiencing psychotherapy is considered. Co-experiencing is a constitutive category for the approach and is regarded as an internal creative work of the therapist, which is aimed at facilitat- ing the productive way of patient’s development of experiencing. Goals, subject and method of co-experiencing are being characterized. An analysis of links between categories of “co-experiencing” and “understanding” are given. A phenomena of “co-experiencing understanding” is being described.
The Characteristics of Sodium Alginate from Brown Seaweed Sargassum crassifolium with Different Filtering Tools
Authors: Sinurat Ellya , Marliani Retni
Published: September 2017

Indonesia is the largest producer of seaweed in the world, one of the potential marine biological resources is the brown seaweed (Sargassum crassifolium) known as an alginate producer. Alginate extraction through demineralization stage, neutralization, extraction, filtration, precipitation and bleaching. Filtration stage is a very influential process on the quality of alginate produced. In this research, filtering using different tools screen vibrator and hydraulic filter press was conducted to characterize Na-alginate seaweed Sargassum crassifolium using both filter tools. Quality of sodium alginate (yield, viscosity, gel strength, syneresis, whiteness, moisture content, ash, and pH) was determined. The result showed that the viscosity, gel strength, syneresis, and whiteness of alginate obtained using filter press showed the best result. The yield of sodium alginate produced by filter press was 10.91±4.33%, with characteristics of viscosity 82.66±112.46 cP, gel strength 353.54±184.51 g/cm2, syneresis 2.99±0.55%, whiteness 60.53±9.09%, moisture content 13.31±0.77%, ash 26.69±0.82% and pH 6.05±0.57.  Based on a parameter of alginate (yield, moisture content, ash, and pH) showed that vibrator method produced alginate with better characteristics. The sodium alginate produced has average yield 19.22±5.68%, viscosity 57.5±21.79 cP, whiteness 29.7±4.45%, gel strength 327.63±55.15 g/cm2, syneresis 4.34±0.78%, moisture content 10.23±1.68%, ash 24.94±4.41% and pH 7.03± 2.60. Operationally the filter press was more effective and efficient in filtering to result from Na-alginate compared to the screen vibrator.
Development of Alginate Extraction Method from Seaweed Turbinaria ornata
Authors: Laksanawati Rani , Ustadi U. , Husni Amir
Published: September 2017

Indonesia has a lot of high potential seaweed as a source of an alginate, but the extraction method had been used was not suitable. The aim of this research is to develop alginate extraction method from Turbinaria ornata seaweed with calcium method and compare the cost of extraction with an acid method as a control. In this research, various concentration of calcium chloride (CaCl2) was used in the separation of alginate from the extracted filtrate. The concentration of CaCl2 used varies from 0.50; 0.75; 1.00; 1.25; and 1.50 M. For comparison, alginate extraction with acid (control) method was used. Alginate quality parameters observed included alginate yield, product color degree, and gel viscosity. The results showed that the yield of alginate produced by calcium method was 36.89; 44.00; 56.00; 52.89 and 53.11% and for control 22.45%. From the degree of product color, CaCl2 concentration did not significantly affect the color of alginate but was darker when compared to the product extracted by the acid method. The viscosity of alginate produced by calcium method was 27,69; 26,57; 24.50; 22.41 and 19.92 cP while for control 32.88 cP. The extraction of Na-alginate with calcium method can decrease the need for Na-alginate extraction cost by 85% from the amount of  Na-alginate extraction cost requirement by the acid method.
AQUISIÇÃO DE TERRAS RURAIS BRASILEIRAS COM A PARTICIPAÇÃO DE ESTRANGEIROS: UMA ANÁLISE DAS RESTRIÇÕES JURÍDICAS, DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA E DOS POSSÍVEIS IMPACTOS ECONÔMICOS DECORRENTES AO AGRONEGÓCIO
Authors: Tamarindo U. G. F. , Pigatto G. , Braga Junior S. S.
Published: September 2017

A compra de terras rurais nacionais, especialmente com a participação de estrangeiros no comando de empresas brasileiras, é questão controversa, notadamente por envolver o debate acerca de importantes estratégias econômicas e, sobretudo, de segurança e soberania nacional. O tema está atualmente normatizado especialmente pelas leis federais 4.504/64, 5.709/71 e 6.634/79, assim como pelos Decretos 74.965/74 e 85.064/80 e pela Instrução Normativa Incra nº 76/2013. Contudo, após várias interpretações formuladas a respeito da matéria, a Advocacia-Geral da União, hodiernamente, orienta o governo brasileiro a manter restrições no que concerne à compra de terras rurais nacionais também às empresas brasileiras, da qual participem, a qualquer título, pessoas estrangeiras físicas ou jurídicas que tenham a maioria do seu capital social e residam ou tenham sede no exterior. Não obstante, a doutrina e a jurisprudência ainda divergem acerca do exato alcance das limitações impostas pela Lei nº 5.709/71, e com isso permanece o cenário de insegurança jurídica que tem feito com que investimentos sejam postergados e, até mesmo, direcionados a outros países da América Latina e da África. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os requisitos legais para aquisição de terras rurais brasileiras com a participação de estrangeiros, assim como, contextualizar o atual cenário legal e jurisprudencial e, por fim, pontuar os possíveis impactos econômicos diretos ao agronegócio.
A clinical study of factors predicting prognosis in acute ischemic stroke in a tertiary care center in north Kerala
Authors: Kannan Rijit , Alex Anoop George , Sudeep K.
Published: September 2017

Background: Stroke is the second most common cause of death and third most common cause of disability in the world. Knowledge of prognostic factors is necessary for the clinician to make a reasonable prediction of outcome for individual patients, to provide rational approach to management and to help patients and their families understand course of the disease. Hence, this study to determine the prognostic factors in acute ischemic stroke with special emphasis on atrial fibrillation, hyperglycemia and fever was undertaken.Methods: This is a prospective and hospital based observational study of 70 patients with acute ischemic stroke. The diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke was based on history, physical examination and CT imaging. The severity was assessed based on Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS). The prognostic factors with special emphasis on atrial fibrillation, hyperglycemia and fever were studied based on the standard diagnostic criteria.Results: Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation was 20% in present study. Mortality and dependency rates were significantly higher in AF group. Fever during the first few days of acute ischemic stroke was a statistically significant predictor of poor outcome. Neuronal damage in brain is directly proportional to its temperature. The results of the study confirm that hyperglycemia at stroke onset is an adverse prognostic factor with 33.33% mortality in hyperglycemic stroke.Conclusions: Atrial fibrillation, hyperglycemia and fever were found to be poor prognostic factors in acute ischemic stroke. Prompt recognition and correction of these poor prognostic factors improve the outcome for such patients.
Repercussion of biofilm and antibiotic resistance in ventilator associated pneumonia
Authors: S. Vinodkumar C. , Patil Satish S. , A. Arun Kumar , Prasad B. S. , Kalappanavar N. K. , K. Niranjan , K. R. Shama Taj , K. G. Raghu Kumar , L. Jayasimha V. , G. Basavarajappa K.
Published: September 2017

Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia contributes nearly half of all cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Drug resistance among ventilator associated pneumonia has obligation of device withdrawal in order to achieve clinical and microbiological cure. Aim of the study was to determine the relationship between antibiotic resistance of Endotracheal tube biofilm and pulmonary pathogens in ventilator-associated pneumonia.Methods: A descriptive analytical study of 100 clinically suspected VAP patients was done. Patients were divided into group-I and Group-II based on intubation duration for 1-5 days and 6-10 days respectively. Endotracheal aspirate (ETA) was collected from clinically diagnosed cases and processed as per standard microbiological techniques. Bacterial counts ≥106 CFU/ml for quantitative cultures was considered significant. Biofilm production was detected by tissue culture plate, tube method and Congo red method. Multi-variant analysis was done to find out the association of the various factors.Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae was the predominant bacteria isolated followed by Acinetobacter baumannii. 45% of Gram negative bacteria were β lactamase producers. In Biofilm production by tissue culture method, 72% of the isolates showed either strong or moderate biofilm formation. Multivariate analysis revealed that bacteria isolated from VAP occurring after 5 days of mechanical ventilation among prior antibiotic-treated patients were resistant to all the antibiotics tested.Conclusions: Bacterial aetiology, biofilm formation and drug resistance has ramification on outcome of ventilator associated pneumonia. Hence, advised that it is crucial to remove ET tube in regular interval to prevent biofilm formation and sequential cultures to obtain the microbiological information which enables better patient care.
Surgical and audiological outcome of canal wall down mastoidectomy in Sub Himalayan region: our experience
Authors: Thakur Kuldeep , Ahluwalia Ajay , Gupta Vikas Deep
Published: September 2017

Background: Pre-operative and post-operative hearing status and status of mastoid cavity were compared in patients undergoing canal wall down mastoidectomy (CWDM) with tympanoplasty.Methods: Forty-three patients who underwent surgery and completed their follow up post-surgery were included in the study. Nineteen patients underwent CWDM with type III tympanoplasty with PORP, 7 patients underwent CWDM with type III tympanoplasty without PORP and 17 patients underwent CWDM with type IV tympanoplasty with TORP.Results: Among enrolled patients, 21 patients were females and 22 patients were male. Right ear (29) was commonly involved than left ear (14). Hearing loss was predominant symptom followed by recurrent ear discharge and other symptoms. Patients underwent three types of surgeries, type III tympanoplasty with PORP (19/43), type III tympanoplasty without PORP (7/43) and type IV tympanoplasty with TORP (17/43) by using Teflon prosthesis.Conclusions: Thirty seven percent (16/43) of patients had hearing threshold <25 dB post-surgery with maximum improvement in group A 47% (9/19). Forty seven percent (20/43) patients had hearing threshold between 26-40 dB with maximum improvement in group B 43% (3/7). Twelve percent (5/43) patients had hearing threshold between 41-60dB with almost equal improvement in all three groups. Five percent (2/43) of patients had >60dB hearing threshold, all belonging to group C. Anatomical results were assessed by examining the mastoid cavity showing 95%, 72%, 70% patients in group A, B and C had well epithelialized cavity.
Knowledge and attitude among Indian medical students towards thalassemia: a study in Delhi NCR
Authors: Pujani Mukta , Chauhan Varsha , Agarwal Charu , Rana Deepshikha , Singh Kanika , Dixit Shivam
Published: September 2017

Background: Thalassemia can easily be prevented by awareness, education, screening, premarital genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. There are only a handful of articles on knowledge and awareness about thalassemia among general population or parents of thalassaemic children. Aims and objectives was to evaluate the level of awareness, knowledge and attitudes of medical students towards thalassemia as well as to analyse the differences if any between the first year and second year MBBS students and their correlation with various socio-demographic parameters.Methods: This was an institutional based cross sectional observational descriptive study regarding knowledge and attitude of first and second year MBBS students about thalassemia using a pre-designed, structured, self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 17. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant.Results: Mean knowledge scores of second year MBBS students compared to first year MBBS were 11.73±1.78 versus 10.8±1.92, the difference being statistically significant, however, the difference between mean attitude scores was not found to be significant. There was no effect of age, gender, region or Kuppuswamy’s socio-economic class on the knowledge or attitude of MBBS students towards thalassemia.Conclusions: Majority of the MBBS students had good knowledge and positive attitude towards thalassemia. To confirm the observations, large scale studies need to be conducted comprising of different study populations. Screening for thalassemia should be made mandatory, as part of medical examination, at entry to a medical college so that the medical college students are sensitized and can spread awareness among general population.
Results of autologous venous blood injections in plantar fasciitis: a prospective clinical study
Authors: Bhat Khurshid Ahmad , Bhat Suhail Ahmad , Muzaffar Khalid , Haseeb Muhammad
Published: September 2017

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a degenerative disease of plantar fascia and is one of the most common causes of heel pain. The response to any treatment modality is unpredictable. The autologous blood might induce healing in the areas of degeneration by providing cellular and humoral components. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the results of autologous blood injection in plantar fasciitis.Methods: Thirty-two patients (average age of 42.4 years), 14 males (43.7%) and 18 females (56.2%) with history of chronic heel pain of more than 6 months duration were taken up for autologous blood injection. All the patients in this study were clinically evaluated and the visual analogous pain score was calculated from each patient pre-procedure and at 3 and 6 months after the procedure.Results: There was a significant improvement in VAS pain score in this study. Pre-procedure VAS pain score of 6.9 (average 4-10) was reduced to a mean score of 4.28 (average 0-9) at 3 months and a mean score of 3 (average 0-9) at 6 months.Conclusions: Autologous blood is an effective method of controlling pain in patients with plantar fasciitis.
Evaluation of anaemia
Authors: Ingale Suchita V. , Ullewar Milind P. , Ingale Vikas C. , Upadhye Jayshree J.
Published: September 2017

Background: Often, the first test used to diagnose anemia is a complete blood count (CBC). It determines the number, size, volume, and hemoglobin content of red blood cells. Peripheral smear is done for typing of anaemia. Such evaluation is necessary for proper treatment.Methods: A retrospective study was done in 300 anaemic patients at Shakuntala pathology laboratory, Nagpur. Patients were randomly selected including males and females. CBC and peripheral smear were analyzed.Results: Out of total 300 patients evaluated, the prevalence of anaemia was quite significant in females 225 (75%) than males 75 (25%). 66 females (22%) had mild anemia while 129 females (43%) had moderate anemia and 30 females (10%) had severe anaemia 36 males (12%) had mild anaemia, 30 males (10%) had moderate anaemia while 9 males (3%) had severe anaemia. In morphology of red blood cells, normocytic normochromic anaemia was seen in 132 (44%) females and in 45 (15%) of males. Microcytic hypochromic anaemia was seen in 90 (30%) females and 27 (9%) males. Macrocytic anaemia was seen in 3 (1%) females and 3 (1%) males.Conclusions: Prevalence of anaemia is quite high in females than males. Also, the severity of anaemia is more in females than males. So, heath programmes should be directed more towards females since adolescent age.
Cognitive emotion regulation in unaffected offspring of schizophrenic patients
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Gaur Anil , Mohanty Sandhyarani
Published: September 2017

Background: Schizophrenic patients are reported to use ‘suppression’ strategy for emotion regulation. Milder levels of psychological issues are observed in first degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we examined usage of cognitive emotion regulation strategies associated with negative emotions in offspring of schizophrenic patients.Method: 20 schizophrenic patients and 20 their offspring were sampled. Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire and depression, stress, anxiety scales were administered on each participant.Results: The results revealed greater usage of adaptive emotion regulation strategies by offspring and negative strategy by schizophrenic patients. However, under conditions of negative emotions, there is significant reduction in the usage of adaptive coping emotion regulation strategy in the offspring.Conclusion: The results implicate need for strengthening adaptive coping mechanisms under vulnerable conditions of emotional turmoil.
Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with central quadriceps tendon bone (CQTB) graft: An outcome study in fifty Indian patients
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Joshi Gururaj , Philip Vivek M. , Kaushal Nitin
Published: September 2017

Background: Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using biologic autografts is the current gold standard in the management of symptomatic ACL tears. The commonly used BPTB (Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone) and quadrupled hamstring tendon grafts have their own disadvantages. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of CQTB (Central Quadriceps Tendon Bearing) graft as an autograft for ACL reconstruction in relieving instability in ACL deficient knees.Methods: 50 patients (45males; 5 females) with symptomatic ACL laxity, who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using the CQTB graft were followed up for 1 year. The functional improvement was analyzed by comparing the pre-operative Lysholm scores with those at 03 months, 06 months and 12 months post operatively. The objective improvement was analyzed comparing the Anterior Drawer and Lachman test grades pre-operatively and after 1 year follow up. The mean length of the graft and the post-operative morbidity were also noted.Results: The average Lysholm scores improved from a pre-operative value of 44.34 to 78.98,87.86 and 91.58 at 03months,06 months and 1 year respectively. (p<0.05; ANOVA). The number of patients with Grade I, II and III laxities on Anterior Drawer test improved from 01, 36 and 12 respectively to 43, 06 and 01 respectively 1 year after surgery (p<0.05; paired t test). The number of patients with Grade I, II and III laxities on Lachman test reduced from 1, 34 and 15 y to 39, 10 and 01 respectively. The average thickness of graft harvested was 9.21mm.Conclusions: CQTB autograft is a viable option along with other available autografts in its ability to reconstruct native ACL, without any hazards and additional complications.
Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case control study
Authors: Telwani Ajaz Ahmad , Wani Zahid Hussain , Ashraf Younis , Shah Aejaz Ahmad
Published: September 2017

Background: Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorders worldwide. Various studies have found that diabetes and thyroid disorders mutually influence each other and both disorders tend to coexist. So, we conducted a study to find out the prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This study was conducted on 100 diabetic patients and 100 controls. All the participants were evaluated for thyroid dysfunctions by testing thyroid profile. The correlation of prevalence of thyroid disorder with age distribution, gender distribution, BMI, duration of diabetes and HbA1C was then done.Results: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions were high in diabetic patients compared to controls (29% versus 9%, P value <0.001). Most common thyroid disorder in diabetic patients was subclinical hypothyroidism (16%) while least common was hyperthyroidism (1%). The levels of serum T3 and T4 were significantly low while serum TSH levels were significantly high in diabetic group compared to control group. Prevalence of thyroid disorders in diabetics were significantly more in patients with age ≥ 50 years, more in females, more in patients with BMI ≥ 30 and more in patients with duration of diabetes ≥ 5 years. The association of prevalence of thyroid disorders with HBA1C was not significant.Conclusions:Current study showed high prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions in diabetic patients. We conclude that screening for thyroid dysfunction among patients with diabetes mellitus should be routinely performed, so as to recognize these dysfunctions early.
Comparison of diagnostic methods of malaria by peripheral smear, centrifuged buffy coat smear and rapid antigen detection test
Authors: Vora Bhavnaben A. , Bindu Rajan S.
Published: September 2017

Background: Malaria is common, life threatening infection in endemic area and presents diagnostic challenge to laboratories in most endemic areas. A rapid and accurate diagnosis is a pre requisite for effective treatment, especially for potentially fatal cases of falciparum infection.Methods: Total 200 patients presented with fever and chills, were taken for study and performances of peripheral blood and centrifuged buffy coat smear were compared against the result of rapid antigen detection test (standard method).Results: out of 200 cases, 55 were positive by rapid detection test.30 of P. vivax, 24 of P. falci and 1 was mixed infection. Peripheral smear had 85.5% sensitive and 100% specific compared to RDT which was 100 % sensitive and specific whereas centrifuged buffy coat was 92.7% sensitive and 99.3% specific.Conclusions: Easy, rapid, most sensitive and specific diagnostic method will help in early diagnosis and lead to decrease in morbidity and mortality.
Clinicopathological profile and yield of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in 30 cases of lung carcinoma
Authors: Chauhan Jayant B. , Faruqui Tehzeeb , Panchal Pankaj
Published: September 2017

Background: The study aims to identify the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy along with clinico-pathological profile of 30 confirmed cases of lung cancer during a 6-months period.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the diagnostic yield bronchial brushing (BB), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and brush biopsy specimens obtained at fibre-optic bronchoscopy for patients with lung cancer and their clinico-pathological characteristics studied.Results: Of 30 patients who underwent fibre-optic bronchoscopy examination brush cytology was diagnostic in 17 patients (68%) brush biopsy in 5 patients (20%) and BAL cytology in 4 patients (16%) with adenocarcinoma in 13 patients (43%), non-small cell carcinoma in 1 (3%), large cell carcinoma in 1 (3%), squamous cell carcinoma in 5 (16%), small cell carcinoma in 5 (16%). The most common Symptom was cough in 25 (83%) followed by chest pain in 22 (73.3%), breathlessness in 14 (46.6%), fever in 13 (43.3%), anorexia in 11 (36.6%), weight loss in 10 (33.3%), hoarseness of voice and haemoptysis in 5 (16.6%) and dysphagia in 1 (3.3%).Conclusions: In bronchoscopic procedure the highest yield is of brush cytology with adenocarcinoma being the most common type with presenting complaint of cough and chest pain. The prevalence of lung cancer is more common among males and commonly being located in right upper lobe.
Treatment of high energy tibial plateau fractures with hybrid external fixator: intermediate term outcome
Authors: Jahan Alamgir , Haseeb Muhammad , Wazir Fahad
Published: September 2017

Background: High energy tibial plateau fractures pose a management challenge because of the complexity of bone and soft tissue trauma. Because of the frequency and magnitude of soft tissue of soft tissue injury in these fractures, early internal fixation becomes difficult. Wound breakdown and deep infection are common complications in plating of these difficult fractures. Primary management with hybrid external fixator can be a useful alternative to internal fixation in such cases.Methods: The study was a prospective case series done in the orhtopaedic department of a teaching hospital. 20 patients were studied. There were 13 Schatzker VI, 5 Schatzker V and 2 Schatzker IV fractures included. 4 patients had open fractures and 1 had compartment syndrome. Open fractures were operated in emergency department. Those with severe swelling and blisters were allowed few days to settle. Primary fixation using a hybrid external fixator was done. Mobilisation was started early. Patients were followed up to 1 year.Results: Union was obtained in all patients within 18 weeks. There was only deep infection. 95% patients had range of motion of 90 degrees or more. No patient had an extensor lag.Conclusions: Primary management of high energy tibial plateau fractures using hybrid external fixator is a reasonable option for cases that are not immediately amenable to internal fixation. It provides adequate stabilization to allow early motion and hastens patient rehabilitation. We have a good experience with this technique and recommend it for judicious use.
Giant haemorrhagic retroperitoneal mesothelial cyst: a rare case report
Authors: Deolekar Sandesh , Mahapatra Bibekananda , Murali Sridevi , Chheda Karna , Khan Naseem , Khan Sheena Ali
Published: September 2017

A peritoneal cystic mesothelioma is a very rare mesenteric cyst of mesothelial origin. The size of this lesion usually ranges between a few centimetres and 10 cm. It is usually asymptomatic, but occasionally presents with various, non-specific symptoms. We present a 24-years-old woman with vague abdominal discomfort and associated distension for 6 months, with generalized weakness with no significant past medical history. This is an unusual case of a giant peritoneal mesothelioma which is hemorrhagic nature which could be the first such case reported.
Healthy blue man: congenital methemoglobinemia
Authors: Rao B. V. Nagabhushana , Sinha S. C. , Modi S. , Sunita S.
Published: September 2017

Congenital methemoglobinemia, though often discussed in medical teachings is rarely encountered in clinical practice as the condition is asymptomatic. Here we present such a case and discuss in detail the clinical presentation of both congenital and acquired methemoglobinemia. We also outlined the management of the conditions. One should suspect methemoglobinemia when cyanosis is not being corrected by supplementing oxygen and and when the oxygen saturation is low by pulse oximetry and normal by arterial blood gas analysis. Treatment modalities for congenital methemoglobinemia is of cosmetic purpose, but timely intervention in acquired methemoglobinemia could be lifesaving. Methylene blue, Ascorbic acid and Riboflavin are drugs of choice.
Case report- a rare survival of 2,4-D (ethyl ester) ingestions
Authors: Tiwari Arun , Singh V. B. , Kumar Deepak , Meena B. L.
Published: September 2017

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (usually called 2,4-D) is a widely used systemic herbicide. Ingestion of 2,4 D (Ethyl Ester) is rarely reported. Ingestion of this substance leads to neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hematotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Previously reported cases describe toxicities of this agent with very high fatality, only 2 survived case reports are available. In our case the substance was identified readily and treatment started within hours of ingestion with prompt gastric lavage and forced alkaline diuresis. At the time of admission patient had already lost consciousness (i.e. neurotoxicity), patient had developed muscle fibrillations and fasciculations (i.e. myotoxicity) and during the hospital stay he got acute kidney injury (i.e. nephrotoxicity) but all toxicities recovered with treatment. Previously reported fatal cases had late identification of substance and only symptomatic supportive treatment was given whereas we used aggressive approach with forced diuresis and haemodialysis. We are reporting third survived case of 2,4-D (Ethyl Ester) poisoning and emphasizing key points in the management, early identification of substance, early institution of forced alkaline diuresis and use of renal function tests as prognostic marker with timely hemodialysis.
Extraction and Toxicity Assay of Mycotoxin from Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolate of Kusuma Agrowisata Orchard Batu, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Authors: Janli Derdy , Purwanto Maria Goretti M. , Artadana Ida Bagus , Askitosari Theresia Desy
Published: September 2017

Insect pest control has been a major problem faced by farmers around the world and there has been no perfect solution to handle it. The use of insecticides derived from chemically active compounds has made negative impacts such as the emergence of resistant pest and disruption of ecosystems. In addition, it raised many other negative impacts on the environment and on non-target organisms. Therefore, an alternative is needed to replace chemical insecticides. Entomopathogenic fungus is one of the potential biological control organism to suppress the growth of insect pests. This study aims to extract mycotoxin from entomopathogenic fungi isolated from the apple orchard at Batu, East Java, Indonesia and determine the level of toxicity against Tenebrio molitor larvae. Mycotoxin was extracted using precipitation with ammonium sulphate and dialysis. It was subjected to molecular weight analysis and toxicity test to determine the LC50 value. Results showed that protein bands were found between 20 kDa to 55 kDa. Based on the study, the mycotoxin showed a LC50 at a concentration of 42,78 μg · mL–1.