bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’agent de force publique augmenté
Authors: Frutos Grégory
Published: March 2021

À partir d’un scénario permettant d’envisager les augmentations futures du gendarme en opération de maintien de l’ordre, l’auteur traite des questions qu’elles soulèvent sur un plan doctrinal, tout en proposant une ouverture sur les enjeux éthiques et juridiques qui en résultent.
Le soldat augmenté dans la chasse embarquée
Authors: Lepoutre Bertrand
Published: March 2021

Le pilote de chasse embarquée est confronté à de nombreux défis simultanés auxquels la technologie peut apporter des réponses pour augmenter ses capacités sur les plans de la performance, de la protection et de l’ergonomie, en agissant à la fois dans les domaines physique et cognitif.
Réflexion éthique sur le soldat augmenté : vers une interdiction conventionnelle ?
Authors: Hude Henri
Published: March 2021

Les décisions éthiques, en matière d’armement au sens large, engagent d’abord la responsabilité des politiques. Qu’est-ce qu’un moyen juste et nécessaire ? L’augmentation sera-t-elle le cheval de Troie d’une culture du surhomme ? Que peut faire la France pour innover diplomatiquement et techniquement entre pacifisme utopique et réalisme machiavélien ?
Résilience du soldat augmenté
Authors: Colas Christian , Le Masson Jean-Michel
Published: March 2021

Les conditions de l’optimisation de la résilience du soldat augmenté sont doubles : l’acquisition d’une aptitude individuelle résiliente originelle est un socle préalable à l’apprentissage des outils et des effets capacitaires de l’augmentation.
Le déploiement des systèmes d’armes robotisés face au cadre juridique existant
Authors: Pomès Éric J.
Published: March 2021

Cet article soutient que si les systèmes d’armes robotisés obligent à réfléchir au champ de bataille, le droit international humanitaire ne les prohibe pas contrairement à ce que suggèrent les débats actuels fondés sur une exploitation politique du droit.
Les vertus réhabilitées en théologie chrétienne
Authors: Chalamet Christophe
Published: March 2021

Le « retour » des vertus en éthique théologique est un signe positif, car il est indispensable de réfléchir non seulement aux actes que nous posons, mais aussi aux personnes qui les posent au fil de leur vie. Entre vertus cardinales et théologales, ces dernières auront la priorité : elles représentent le coeur de la vie chrétienne. Que faire face à la rupture très profonde de la transmission de ces trois réalités ? Comment et où nos contemporains, y compris les jeunes, goûteront-ils la beauté et le sens qu’elles portent ? Ayant récusé tout moralisme, toute dénonciation de la « sécularisation » et de le « christianophobie », les chrétiens doivent toujours à nouveau axer leur témoignage sur l’Évangile du Christ, qui éveille en nous l’amour, l’espérance et la foi.
Le retour du bon samaritain, un renouveau pour l’éthique de la fin de vie
Authors: Gueullette Jean-Marie
Published: March 2021

Samaritanus bonus, la lettre publiée en 2020 par la Congrégation pour la doctrine de la foi sur les principes éthiques qui doivent éclairer les soins prodigués aux patients en fin de vie, est à la fois classique dans les normes qu’elle rappelle et assez novateur dans sa méthode. Si l’Église catholique y renouvelle son refus du suicide assisté et de l’euthanasie, elle le fait en articulant constamment le respect de la vie à l’exigence de rester présent au malade et de le voir comme un être en relation, à la suite de Laudato si’. L’originalité méthodologique de cette lettre est de proposer une réflexion dans le domaine de l’éthique médicale qui s’appuie constamment sur la méditation d’une parabole évangélique.
Troubles mictionnels et accès aux toilettes chez les enfants scolarisés : enquête dans l’Académie de Toulouse
Authors: Chometon Thibault , Cortey Caroline , Marchand-Tonel Claire , Saunders Lauren , Cicchelero Valérie , Lang Thierry , Bouali Ourdia , Claudet Isabelle
Published: March 2021

Ne pas uriner régulièrement, se retenir volontairement à l’école favorisent la survenue de troubles mictionnels. Objectif : Déterminer la prévalence de troubles mictionnels en école élémentaire et analyser le rôle de l’accès aux toilettes en milieu scolaire sur les comportements de miction. Méthode : Étude épidémiologique observationnelle transversale descriptive, durant l’année scolaire 2017-2018, par questionnaire électronique auprès de parents d’élèves scolarisés en école élémentaire. Résultats : 2 119 questionnaires ont été analysés. Le sexe ratio des élèves était de 1,07 (garçons 1 087). 410 foyers (19 %) ont été classés comme classe « populaire ». Les élèves de CP-CE1-CE2 représentaient 60 % de l’effectif ( n = 1 273). L’utilisation globale des toilettes scolaires était de 87 % et 69 % des élèves en avaient une utilisation appropriée pour les urines. Les principaux freins à cette utilisation étaient : défaut d’hygiène et de confort (51 %), manque de sécurité ou d’intimité (33 %), accessibilité limitée (28 %). La prévalence globale des troubles de l’élimination urinaire était de 9 %. Les filles avaient une utilisation plus inappropriée des toilettes pour les urines que les garçons (36 % vs 27 %, OR 1,5, p  = 0,0004). Les facteurs associés à un trouble d’élimination urinaire étaient : ne pas utiliser les toilettes (13 % vs 9 %, OR 1,5, p = 0,04), être une fille (14 % vs 5 %, OR 3,5, p  < 0,0001), l’appartenance à la classe populaire (14 % vs 8 % OR 1,8, p = 0,0008). Conclusion : Les troubles de l’élimination urinaire représentent, chez les enfants d’âge scolaire, un problème majeur de santé publique dénoncé depuis de nombreuses années, les filles en sont le plus affectées. Les inégalités sociales s’invitent aussi jusque dans les toilettes scolaires.
Stigmatisation et santé publique : le côté obscur des interventions anti-tabac
Authors: Saetta Sébastien , Kivits Joëlle , Frohlich Katherine , Minary Laetitia
Published: March 2021

Les stratégies de lutte contre le tabagisme, estimées légitimes et efficaces, font rarement l’objet, en France, d’une analyse critique concernant leurs effets potentiellement délétères, notamment à l’encontre des personnes qui continuent de fumer. Cet article introduit ce débat, en se concentrant sur les effets potentiellement stigmatisants et « auto-stigmatisants » ( self-stigma ) des politiques anti-tabac. Il a, en effet, été attesté par de nombreuses études à l’international, et par une étude en France, que le processus général de dénormalisation du tabac a conduit à la stigmatisation des fumeurs qui peuvent notamment faire l’objet de discriminations. Dans la mesure où le tabagisme se concentre aujourd’hui en France dans les catégories les moins favorisées du point de vue socio-économique, ces dernières se trouvent ainsi davantage exposées à la stigmatisation. Tout en énonçant la nécessité de développer des interventions ciblées à leur encontre, cet article met aussi en garde et appelle à une vigilance quant aux effets iatrogènes de ces interventions. Il s’impose ainsi de développer les recherches et les évaluations à ce sujet, afin de mesurer précisément les effets de ces interventions, en particulier en termes de stigmatisation et de self-stigma , et de s’assurer que les acteurs de santé publique ne génèrent pas davantage de problèmes qu’ils n’en résolvent.
Du projet professionnel d’internes de médecine générale angevins à leur exercice réel : 2012 à 2019
Authors: Clisson Romain , Angoulvant Cécile , Ramond-Roquin Aline , Guelff Jessica
Published: March 2021

Objectifs : L’installation des jeunes médecins généralistes est déterminée par plusieurs facteurs dont le projet professionnel. En 2012, une étude observationnelle quantitative interrogeait les projets professionnels des internes angevins en médecine générale. En 2019, l’objectif de cette étude était d’essayer de mettre en évidence une continuité entre projet professionnel et exercice ultérieur. Méthode : Étude quantitative par questionnaire internet réalisée de mai à juillet 2019, s’intéressant aux données socio-démographiques, à l’exercice actuel et aux facteurs d’évolution du projet professionnel. Les critères d’inclusion étaient d’avoir répondu à l’étude de 2012 et d’avoir accepté d’être recontacté ( n  = 167). Construction d’un indicateur de suivi du projet professionnel (ISPP) envisagé en 2012 et réel en 2019, basé sur une comparaison du mode d’exercice, de la structure d’exercice et du type de patientèle envisagé. Résultats : Le taux de réponse était de 76,6 %. 48,4 % étaient libéraux, 31,3 % étaient salariés, 11,7 % avaient un exercice mixte. Selon l’ISPP, le projet professionnel envisagé a été suivi totalement par 67,7 % des internes et partiellement par 17,3 %. Le SASPAS influait sur l’évolution du projet professionnel ( p  = 0,026). La multiplication des stages en ambulatoire favorisait un exercice en libéral, en 2019 ( p  < 0,001). Les principaux facteurs déclarés d’évolution des projets professionnels étaient la formation (77,3 %) et la situation familiale (53,1 %). Conclusion : Ce suivi de cohorte a montré que plus de deux tiers des internes ont suivi leur projet initial. L’identification et le soutien de ces projets individuels durant la formation pourrait être une piste pour favoriser leur réalisation.
Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques de la population de la région de Dakar sur la COVID-19
Authors: Leye Mamadou Makhtar Mbacké , Keita Ibrahima Mamby , Bassoum Oumar
Published: March 2021

Introduction : Devant l’augmentation des cas confirmés de COVID-19 au Sénégal, particulièrement dans la région de Dakar, épicentre de la maladie, il s’avère nécessaire d’étudier les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des populations des districts Ouest et Sud sur la COVID-19. Méthode : Une étude transversale à visée analytique a été réalisée du 9 au 30 mai 2020. Un sondage en grappes à quatre degrés a été effectué au niveau des districts Ouest et Sud. Des analyses univariées et multivariées ont été effectuées par le logiciel R 3.4.4. Résultats : Au total, 400 personnes ont été enquêtées. L’âge moyen des personnes enquêtées était de 40,2 ± 14,7 ans et des extrêmes de 18 et 82 ans. Le sexe masculin prédominait soit 66,5 % des cas. Les personnes avaient de bonnes connaissances des signes, des risques de transmission et des mesures de prévention respectivement dans 4,7 % ; 3 % et 47,8 %. Au total, 74 % des personnes enquêtées respectaient le concept de « restez chez vous ». Le port du masque et le lavage systématique des mains avec de l’eau et du savon étaient notés chez les personnes enquêtées respectivement dans 53,6 % et 34,8 % des cas. Les personnes qui avaient de bonnes connaissances sur les mesures de prévention contre la COVID-19 portaient plus le masque (ORaj = 2,1 [1,2-3,5]) et lavaient plus leurs mains avec de l’eau et du savon (ORaj = 1,9 [1,1-3,4]). Conclusion : Pour une lutte efficace contre cette épidémie, il est important de renforcer la communication des risques avec une pleine participation de la communauté. Cette stratégie doit être couplée aux actions visant à rendre disponibles les moyens de prévention aux bénéfices de toute la population.
Can we farm aquatic insects for human food or livestock feed?
Authors: Williams D.D. , Williams S.S. , van Huis A.
Published: March 2021

Six of the 12 living orders of aquatic insects contain species engaged in entomophagy, but few are being harvested effectively, leading to overexploitation and local extinction. Existing practices range from including insects (e.g. dipterans) in the core diets of many indigenous peoples to consumption of selected insects as novelty food (e.g. caddisflies). Comparison of nutritional worth of aquatic insects to the human diet and to domestic animal feed are examined. Questions are raised as to whether natural populations of aquatic insects can yield sufficient biomass to be of practicable and sustained use, whether some species can be brought into high-yield cultivation, and what are the requirements and limitations involved in achieving this?
Performance of two handheld NIR spectrometers to quantify crude protein of composite animal forage and feedstuff
Authors: Rukundo Isaac R. ,   Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA, Danao Mary-Grace C. , MacDonald James C. , Wehling Randy L. , Weller Curtis L. ,   Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
Published: March 2021

Two handheld near infrared (NIR) spectrometers were used to quantify crude protein ($CP$) content of mixed forage and feedstuff composed of Sweet Bran, distiller's grains, corn silage, and corn stalk. First was a transportable spectrometer, which measured in the visible and NIR ranges (320–2500 nm) with a spectral interval of 1 nm (H1). Second was a smartphone spectrometer, which measured from 900–1700 nm with a spectral interval of 4 nm (H2). Spectral data of 147 forage and feed samples were collected by both handheld instruments and split into calibration ($n$ = 120) and validation ($n$ = 27) sets. For H1, only absorbances in the NIR region (780–2500 nm) were used in the multivariate analyses, while for H2, absorbances in the second and third overtone regions (940–1660 nm) were used. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression models were developed using mean-centered data that had been preprocessed using standard normal variate (SNV) or Savitzky-Golay first derivative (SG1) or second derivative (SG2) algorithm. PCA models showed two major groups—one with Sweet Bran and distillers grains, and the other with corn silage and corn stalk. Using H1 spectra, the PLS regression model that best predicted $CP$ followed SG1 preprocessing. This model had low root mean square error of prediction ($RMSEP$ = 2.22%) and high ratio of prediction to deviation ($RPD$ = 5.24). With H2 spectra, the model best predicting $CP$ was based on SG2 preprocessing, returning $RMSEP$ = 2.05% and $RPD$ = 5.74. These values were not practically different than those of H1, indicating similar performance of the two devices despite having absorbance measurements only in the second and third overtone regions with H2. The result of this study showed that both handheld NIR instruments can accurately measure forage and feed $CP$ during screening, quality, and process control applications.
Financing strategy selection and coordination considering risk aversion in a capital-constrained supply chain
Authors: Kang Kai , Lu Taotao , Zhang Jing
Published: March 2021

By applying Stackelberg game theory, this paper investigates the supply chain with a risk-neutral retailer and a risk-averse supplier, measuring risk-averse behavior by using conditional value-at-risk (CVaR). The equilibrium solutions of the supplier's wholesale price and the retailer's order quantity are obtained under two financing strategies: supplier financing (SF) and supplier investment (SI). It is found that the supplier's risk aversion is a crucial factor affecting both parties' financing decisions, and the supplier should offer different financing strategies to the retailer based on his risk attitude and the profit-sharing coefficient. However, the retailer prefers SF regardless of the supplier's risk aversion. Taking bank credit financing as a basic model, the advantages of SF and SI have been investigated. A Pareto improvement region for the two finance strategies has been identified and some suggestions are provided for the supplier's optimal utility. Then we extend to the situation that both parties are risk-averse and use the financing cost-sharing mechanism to achieve centralized decision-making.
Model reduction for fractional elliptic problems using Kato's formula
Authors: Dinh Huy , Antil Harbir , Chen Yanlai , Cherkaev Elena , Narayan Akil
Published: March 2021

We propose a novel numerical algorithm utilizing model reduction for computing solutions to stationary partial differential equations involving the spectral fractional Laplacian. Our approach utilizes a known characterization of the solution in terms of an integral of solutions to local (classical) elliptic problems. We reformulate this integral into an expression whose continuous and discrete formulations are stable; the discrete formulations are stable independent of all discretization parameters. We subsequently apply the reduced basis method to accomplish model order reduction for the integrand. Our choice of quadrature in discretization of the integral is a global Gaussian quadrature rule that we observe is more efficient than previously proposed quadrature rules. Finally, the model reduction approach enables one to compute solutions to multi-query fractional Laplace problems with orders of magnitude less cost than a traditional solver.
Prediction of Drug Users Based on Facial Scratching Pattern
Authors: Priambodo Bagus , Jumaryadi Yuwan , Rahayu Sarwati , Firdaus Diky , Sobri Muhammad , Pratama Putra Zico
Published: March 2021

The current practice of drug inspection is usually carried out at school or university. This procedure, however, is not effective and efficient, as the urine samples are taken randomly. In many cases, the drug-taking student is not present or evades the urine or hair inspection. A predictive drug user tool is needed, where only suspected student drug users are selected for a urine test. In general, drug abuse constantly causes terrible damage to the skin lesions Since they damage the skin during hallucinations due to the effects of drugs. The Grey Level of Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) is used in this study to discover the scratch pattern. Our proposed GLCM is evaluated with 104 images collected from the Internet. Training data is generated from 88 images of people before and after the drug was collected from the Internet, and we set 16 image faces to test the prediction.  The experiment shows that the prediction based on GLCM has better accuracy (81%) compared with the local binary pattern (LBP) which only reach up to 75%.
Faire avec les restes de l’âge nucléaire
Authors: Saraç-Lesavre Başak
Published: March 2021

Les restes de l’âge nucléaire ne sont pas seulement des déchets radioactifs mais aussi des communautés, des géographies et des géologies. Dans la ville de Carlsbad, au Nouveau-Mexique, un groupe d’acteurs locaux cherche à faire de son sous-sol un site d’accueil de choix pour les déchets radioactifs à haute activité. Cette ville abrite le seul site d’enfouissement en couches géologiques profondes opérationnel au monde, appelé le Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Il reçoit régulièrement des livraisons de déchets radioactifs d’origine militaire à faible et moyenne activité qui doivent y rester confinés durant les dix mille prochaines années. La ville de Carlsbad « habite le trouble » au sens où elle doit « faire avec » les restes radioactifs de l’âge nucléaire. En prenant ce groupe d’acteurs locaux comme objet de son analyse, l’article fait deux contributions. Premièrement, il décrit comment ils conçoivent le devenir de leur ville comme tenant à leur capacité à rester « nucléaire » via l’enfouissement local d’autres types de déchets radioactifs. Deuxièmement, à travers une enquête ethnographique, il offre un récit symétrique et complémentaire aux études sur l’aménagement de projets technoscientifiques à risques qui se concentrent sur les mouvements de contestation et qui souvent négligent ceux qui soutiennent ce type de projets. L’article conclut en attirant l’attention sur l’anticipation des « violences lentes » pouvant être provoquées par la fin de la vie nucléaire, en plus de celles qui sont produites par les rencontres persistantes, indésirables, toxiques et nocives avec la radioactivité.
Soils: A new frontier for environmental knowledge and policies
Authors: Meulemans Germain , Granjou Céline
Published: March 2021

Despite its vital importance for ecosystems and societies, the social sciences continue to understand soil largely as an inert base, a backdrop for the biological and social life that exists at its surface. This special issue looks at the dynamics of production, circulation and mobilisation of knowledge about soils in order to explore how soils shift the lines and boundaries of our ways of perceiving, knowing and managing the environment, nature and living things. This introduction begins by examining soil’s trajectory in the human and social sciences, from a peripheral and invisible object to a set of groundbreaking considerations for thinking the political and ethical issues of the non-human. It then identifies three areas of transformation in terms of soil knowledge: first, reworkings of the concepts and tools of soil sciences; second, the growing consideration for soils in planning projects and in the development of new collective practices for returning organic waste to the ground; and finally, issues around burying industrial waste and how the agency of soils and subsoils at times subverts the expectation that these act as a long-term dumping ground. We end by introducing the contributions to this special issue.
Los suelos, una nueva frontera para el conocimiento y las políticas ambientales
Authors: Meulemans Germain , Granjou Céline
Published: March 2021

Pese a su rol en los ecosistemas y en las sociedades, el suelo sigue siendo considerado como un lecho inerte, telón de fondo para la existencia biológica y social en su superficie. En este número especial examinaremos la dinámica de la producción, de la circulación y de la movilización de los conocimientos sobre los suelos, con el fin de explorar cómo estos desplazan los límites y las fronteras de nuestras formas de concebir, conocer y gobernar el medio ambiente, la naturaleza y los seres vivos. Este artículo introductorio repasa la historia del suelo en las ciencias humanas y sociales, desde un objeto periférico o invisible, hasta un conjunto de reflexiones pioneras sobre los desafíos políticos y éticos de lo no-humano. En un segundo momento, se identifican tres frentes que dieron paso a la transformación de los conocimientos sobre los suelos: en primer lugar, la reformulación de los conceptos e instrumentos de la ciencia del suelo; en segundo lugar, la creciente consideración de los suelos en los proyectos de desarrollo y el perfeccionamiento de nuevas prácticas colectivas para devolver los residuos orgánicos al suelo; en tercer lugar, las cuestiones del enterramiento de los residuos industriales y la forma en que la disposición de los suelos y subsuelos a veces frustra las esperanzas depositadas en un «suelo-basura». Por último, se presentarán contribuciones al número especial.
Social Entrepreneurship and Participatory Experiences of Service-Learning in University Business Training
Authors: Bohórquez-Caldera Luis Alfredo
Published: March 2021

The chapter presents a proactive analysis of the teaching of inclusive entrepreneurship based on the progress of an investigation. Theoretical development involves the concepts of entrepreneurship as opportunities management and inclusive entrepreneurship with pedagogy, didactics, pedagogical practice, and professional practice. From this conceptual framework, the idea of participatory experiences of service-learning and citizenship that is not yet an elaborate concept or idea, but rather, it is a construct with a strong pedagogical and didactic dimension that defines relevant horizons of action to consolidate from the curriculum, specific processes of professional training.
The Challenge of Sales and Marketing Silos in University Curricula
Authors: Markovitz Harvey B , Long Mary M. , Fain Deborah , Sandler Dennis
Published: March 2021

A mixed-methods design was used to investigate the skills required for college graduates of sales and marketing programs to be successful. Opinions were sought from campus recruiters, sales and marketing executives, and recent alumni. Online job postings and course syllabi were also examined to identify skills that are both sought and taught. While there are specific skill sets for each discipline, a problem-solving, analytical mindset will go a long way towards landing an entry level job. The curricula must satisfy the needs of both marketing and sales executives, bridging the silos that often exist in university programs between the two disciplines. Recommendations for curriculum development are discussed.
Reflective Teaching and Technology Integration in Management Education
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: March 2021

Reflective practice supports critical thinking and assessment skills through analyzing one's own life experiences, and the role of reflection in learning is well reckoned. Reflective practice, the habit of looking back and analyzing one's own life experiences, is a process that supports learning and develops critical thinking skills. The role of reflection in learning has been recognized for decades and the reflective observation learning style may provide an important means of deepening student understanding and engagement especially with better technology integration. Many management educators recommend reflective practice for managerial and professional development as learning to reflect is a key element in mastering the important management skill of self-awareness and developing management competencies. Adopting a mixed method qualitative approach, the aim of this chapter is to delve on the current scenario of the reflective practices and technology integration in management education.
Development and Implementation of Integrated Quality Management Framework in Management Education
Authors: Ramakrishna Yanamandra , Sakkthivel A. M.
Published: March 2021

This chapter focuses on developing and implementing an integrated and inclusive quality management framework in Management Education considering possible future changes. The chapter reviews existing global management education, major global quality standards and practices of management education such as AACSB, AMBA, EFMD, etc., and several existing quality management frameworks and models in management education proposed by research scholars from different parts of the world. The study found the gaps that exist through analyses of different leading accreditation standards such as AACSB, AMBA, EFMD, etc. and provides an all-inclusive quality framework for management education bridging the gaps found and considering the future requirements. The new framework would enable higher education institutions offering management education to achieve internal excellence and enable them to work on accreditation for any global standards which they choose to use.
Building Student Engagement Through Collaborative Practice in Business Management Education
Authors: Bharucha Jehangir Pheroze
Published: March 2021

The current article contributes to student engagement literature in higher education in line with the paradigm shift taking place in college teaching in India. The aim of this article supports that the collaborative approach does lead to active student engagement. The findings reflect the success of this Mumbai college in ensuring that each student participates in an active learning experience. This had clearly produced a level of engagement that other forms of learning cannot. As this study shows, in the Indian context, the collaborative approach turns out to a great answer to the present theoretical method of teaching and learning.
Teaching Methods and Syllabus Design in Business Strategy Courses
Authors: Aray Yulia , Verkhovskaya Olga , Klemina Tatiana
Published: March 2021

The chapter focuses on a problem that business schools all over the world face and which is connected with the necessity to include concepts and instruments of strategic management valuable for the managers into the syllabi of the courses. It is necessary to define the requirements and expectations of the managers for the syllabus development and methods of studying. The purpose of the study is to determine the existing conformity of strategic management course syllabus and the Russian managers' perceptions of sources of competitive advantage. During the empirical study, a survey of the students of the EMBA program has been conducted. The results of the analysis indicate that managers link the sources of competitive advantage with better position of the company in the external environment that leads to greater interest in learning strategic tools which are appropriate for its detecting. The findings raise serious challenges for strategic management teaching and put into question the usefulness of proactive development of competences in strategic management education.
The Business Education of Charismatic Leaders and Good Soldiers
Authors: Norris Sharon E.
Published: March 2021

This article describes how charismatic leaders inspire followers with a vision of a better future, but attaining that better future is not easy and requires hard work, extra effort, and sacrifice. In challenging organizational environments where crisis is present, one leadership style that emerges has been described as charismatic. Charismatic leaders have a tendency to create good soldiers, a loyal band of followers who engage in organizational citizenship behaviors. These good soldiers encourage others to join the effort to create a better world and achieve goals. The difficulty sets in when charismatic leaders and their good soldiers continually ask for more of their employees, take the spotlight, diminish the contributions of others, and create an environment where the performance of extra-role behaviors becomes the expected norm. When followers are pressured to perform citizenry behaviors, they no longer do so voluntarily, which places stress on employees and eventually dampens enthusiasm and motivation. Business educators preparing the next generation of leaders need to raise awareness of the strengths and possible weaknesses associated with charismatic leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors.
Intersections in Marketing Practice and Marketing Education
Authors: McCabe Mary Beth
Published: March 2021

This chapter will describe the value of bridging the gaps between marketing practice and marketing education. The objective is to improve students' academic and practical experience after they complete a marketing degree program. This focus is on how professors can become better educators by targeting what students need to know before they complete academic programs. The chapter provides insights via expert interviews and analysis, using examples of the intersections and the gaps between theoretical marketing principles and practical applications of marketing strategies. The goal is to illustrate best practices and narrow the gaps to maintain relevance in a fast-changing marketing environment.
Financing Social Enterprises Through Cash Waqf
Authors: Mohd. Zain Nor Razinah , Nur Fauziah Najim , Zakariyah Habeebullah , Mohd. Noor Azman
Published: March 2021

This research explores the potential of cash waqf in generating capital revenue in carrying out social-based investment through social enterprises. Looking closely into two different concepts (i.e., social enterprises and waqf), this research appreciates the understanding on the modern business model of social enterprise and the innovative version of religious social finance (i.e., cash waqf). Depending on qualitative methodology and analytical review, the discussion of this research is developed. These approaches are considered suitable and pragmatic for the suggested business model of social enterprise. Here, an innovative business model with a combination of social enterprise operation and cash waqf is introduced. It has the potential to stimulate further research to innovate religious social finance instruments to current and modern business models. This research proposes a business model of social enterprise that combines cash waqf in its operation for sake of generating capital revenue. Simultaneously, such a business model has the potential to expand the cash waqf in meeting social objectives of the social enterprise. As research findings, it is found that even though waqf is derived from a religious traditional philanthropic instrument, its innovative version of cash waqf can be utilised in generating capital revenue for social enterprises. As long as the required principles of cash waqf as provided under Islamic law is fulfilled, a combination of cash waqf in the operation of social enterprise can be carried out.
Combating Climate Change in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd. Zain Nor Razinah , Hasan Aznan , Yusof Siti Ainatul Mardhiah , Engku Ali Engku Rabiah Adawiah
Published: March 2021

One of the main purposes for the issuance of sukuk is to fund large-scale development projects. With the rising interest for responsible finance and investment, Muslim scholars propose that besides utilizing sukuk an instrument to finance purely developmental projects, sukuk could be used as a vehicle to raise funds for financing various projects that meet the criteria of social and responsible finance. Innovation in the sukuk issuance, for example green sukuk, has played a prominent role in financing infrastructure and renewable energy projects. With the introduction of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations in 2015 that strategize to be a blueprint to achieve a sustainable future for all, green sukuk is seen as one of the most potential instruments that can be used in achieving such SDGs. Green sukuk stands with an advantage of a Shariah-compliance financing instrument which, besides meeting the demands from the investors and stakeholders, is also able to provide for a better alternative in a term of social finance discourse. Looking closely into the initiative in combating climate change in Malaysia, this research qualitatively investigates the potential and roles of green sukuk in leading the trend in eco-friendly investments and development projects. The research found that there is a positive trend among investors towards issuing green sukuk that are based on eco-friendly investments and development projects.
Impact of Financial Inclusion on Poverty Through Islamic Microfinance in Mauritania
Authors: Mokhtar Maouloud Vatimetou , Kassim Salina , Othman Anwar Hasan Abdullah
Published: March 2021

Poverty is a severe problem, particularly in third world countries. Since reducing poverty is the first goal of Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, it is the concern of numerous organizations and governments. This chapter is a conceptual paper that discusses the effectiveness of microfinance in eradicating poverty. The main purpose of this chapter is to present the current situation of poverty in Mauritania and the prospect to alleviate it through Islamic microfinance and financial inclusion. It also attempts to propose new suggestions for the Mauritanian government to alleviate poverty and increase people's wellbeing. It has been concluded that Islamic microfinance can reduce poverty in Mauritania. Thus, this research recommends policymakers and managers of Islamic microfinance to enhance the outreach of microfinance institutions to reach a large segment of vulnerable people. This study is among the pioneers in the field of Islamic microfinance in Mauritania, so it fills up this gap in the literature and adds new theoretical discussion to the topic worldwide.
A Survey of Open Source Statistical Software (OSSS) and Their Data Processing Functionalities
Authors: Niu Gao , Segall Richard S. , Zhao Zichen , Wu Zhijian
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses the definitions of open source software, free software and freeware, and the concept of big data. The authors then introduce R and Python as the two most popular open source statistical software (OSSS). Additional OSSS, such as JASP, PSPP, GRETL, SOFA Statistics, Octave, KNIME, and Scilab, are also introduced in this paper with function descriptions and modeling examples. They further discuss OSSS's capability in artificial intelligence application and modeling and Popular OSSS-based machine learning libraries and systems. The paper intends to provide a reference for readers to make proper selections of open source software when statistical analysis tasks are needed. In addition, working platform and selective numerical, descriptive and analysis examples are provided for each software. Readers could have a direct and in-depth understanding of each software and its functional highlights.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA NA JORNADA DE TRABALHO FLEXIBILIZADA DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA FEDERAL
Authors: Daehn Cheryl Maureen
Published: March 2021

Nesta pesquisa buscamos compreender a influência da flexibilização da jornada de trabalho na qualidade de vida dos servidores técnico-administrativos de uma universidade pública federal, por meio do aprofundamento das bases teóricas relacionadas à qualidade de vida no trabalho e às bases legais pertinentes à flexibilização da jornada de trabalho dentro do serviço público federal. A pesquisa trata de um estudo de caso, do tipo descritivo com abordagem predominantemente quantitativa e de natureza aplicada. Quanto aos procedimentos técnicos, caracteriza-se como bibliográfica e de campo, com coleta de dados por meio de instrumento validado, chamado Inventário do Bem-Estar no Trabalho (IBET-13) aplicado a 734 servidores. A principal contribuição deste estudo é desmistificar a flexibilização da jornada e sensibilizar gestores públicos quanto aos benefícios trazidos por esta forma de trabalho. Além disso, são escassos os estudos científicos sobre flexibilização da jornada de trabalho à luz do Decreto nº4.836/03.
The effect of population distribution measures on evaluating spatial accessibility of primary health-care institutions: A case study from China
Authors: Tan Jianxia , Wang Xiuli , Pan Jay
Published: March 2021

Improvement of the equality of geographical allocation of limited health-care resources requires an accurate evaluation of spatial accessibility of the facilities. The adoption of appropriate population distribution measures is one of the leading factors affecting such an evaluation. Using primary health-care institutions in Hainan, China as an example, this study aimed to explore the disparities embedded in spatial accessibility evaluations based on six common measures of population distribution, namely community/ village population (VillagePop), average population distribution (AveragePop), population distribution by night-time light intensity (NighttimelightPop) together with the public population databases LandScan, WorldPop and PoiPop for construction of the weights. The enhanced two-step floating catchment area method, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Dunnett test, root mean square error and the mean absolute error were employed to assess and compare spatial accessibilities based on these different population distribution measures. The spatial accessibility of primary health-care institutions in Hainan was found to vary when plotted using the various population distribution measures mentioned. As indicated by the statistical outcomes of both ANOVA and the Dunnett test, using the spatial accessibility calculated by VillagePop as reference, those calculated by AveragePop and PoiPop were found to be significantly different. In addition, the spatial accessibilities calculated by AveragePop and PoiPop demonstrated higher error rates in the identification of underserved areas compared with the reference. Considering the limitations of public population databases, the adoption of night-time light data is highly recommended for estimating population distribution in the absence of high-resolution data.
Thalassemia Awareness Among Iraqi People in 2018
Authors: Majid Mustafa , Mutar Mohammed Tareq , Talib Hashim Hashim
Published: March 2021

Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disease that is common in Iraq with a prevalence of 35.7 per 100,000. It is the most common type of hereditary anemia registered in 2015. It is a life-threatening condition with many complications which if not managed could cause death in early age. This study aimed to assess the awareness of Iraqi people about thalassemia transmission and prevention and to find their source of information about the disease, as developing good awareness is the first and the most advantageous road to establish a successful prevention program. This cross-sectional study involved 417 participants who were from medical and non-medical fields. It was conducted as an online survey in addition to participants interview using a self-structured questionnaire which was tested for content and face validity, unidimensionality and test-retest reliability in a pilot study of 40 participants. Each participant who had heard about the disease was given a score (0-5) based on their knowledge: 68.8% of the people had heard about the disease previously, those had a mean score of 3 out of 5; 84% claimed that thalassemia is a noncommunicable disease which resembles the highest awareness aspect. The lowest one was about the preventability of the disease. Significant correlation was found between the score of awareness and the age. People awareness about thalassemia was relatively good. A control strategy should be directed to elevate the awareness level about thalassemia in the community with the application of the national program for thalassemia control.
Deformation of Dirac operators along orbits and quantization of noncompact Hamiltonian torus manifolds
Authors: Fujita Hajime
Published: March 2021

We give a formulation of a deformation of Dirac operator along orbits of a group action on a possibly noncompact manifold to get an equivariant index and a K-homology cycle representing the index. We apply this framework to noncompact Hamiltonian torus manifolds to define geometric quantization from the viewpoint of index theory. We give two applications. The first one is a proof of a [Q,R]=0 type theorem, which can be regarded as a proof of the Vergne conjecture for abelian case. The other is a Danilov-type formula for toric case in the noncompact setting, which is a localization phenomenon of geometric quantization in the noncompact setting. The proofs are based on the localization of index to lattice points.
Distribution, Source Appropriation, and Human Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons due to Consumption of Callinectes amnicola from Woji Creek in
Sambreiro River
Authors: Ihunwo Owhonda Chikeru , Ibezim-Ezeani Millicent Uzoamaka
Published: March 2021

Crabs (Callinectes amnicola) and surface water sampled from the Sambreiro River, Rivers State of Nigeria, were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations for four months (December (2019), January, February, and March (2020)). Excess cancer risk due to ingestion of the crabs was assessed for individuals of the age groups: 3 to < 6 years, 16 to < 21 years, 21 to < 50 years, and ≥ 50 years. Although concentrations in surface water (ΣPAH16 = 0.125±011 mg/L) were lower than in the previous study, results obtained revealed considerably higher concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons in crab tissues (ΣPAH16=10.659±2.399 mg/kg). Hepatopancreas (ΣPAH16=6.590±0.266 mg/kg) accumulated the highest concentration of hydrocarbons followed by the gills (ΣPAH16=2.349±0.029 mg/kg), then the muscles (ΣPAH16=1.720±0.320 mg/kg). Source appropriation results revealed a combination of the petrogenic and pyrogenic contribution of hydrocarbons in the crab tissues. The trend for the toxicity equivalent quotient was hepatopancreas > muscles > gills; while the excess cancer risk exceeded for all age groups, suggesting that humans are at risk of cancer arising from the ingestion of crab species from this study location.
Transmission-Blocking Preventive Measures for Infectious Diseases: Altruism, Solidarity, and the Common Good
Authors: Garber Laine , Vinetz Joseph M.
Published: March 2021

Aiming to prevent the spread of contagious diseases has long been a central tenet of public health. In the present time, divisive political responses to mask wearing to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission have competed with sound public health advice for public attention. Here, we draw parallels in terms of individualism versus societal solidarity between the slow and ponderous development of transmission-blocking vaccines for malaria and advocacy for mask wearing to prevent COVID-19.
Diagnosis and management of extrahepatic oesophageal variceal bleed in children in a low resourced setting
Authors: J. Afaa Taiba , H. Amegan-Aho Kokou , Richardson Elikem , Goka Bamenla
Published: March 2021

Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) is a major cause of portal hypertension (PH) in children. Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is the most common cause accounting for up to 75% of cases in developing countries. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is the most dreaded and commonest presentation of portal hypertension. Successful treatment of paediatric PH, though challenging is performed in resource constraint countries.

Cases: Five children presented over three years to a tertiary hospital in Ghana, with massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. They had anaemia, thrombocytopaenia and four had splenomegaly. Liver function tests, INR, haemoglobin electrophoresis as well as HIV serology, hepatitis B and C screening were all normal. Abdominal doppler ultrasound scan confirmed portal vein thromboses. They were resuscitated and managed with octreotide, propranolol, antibiotics and sclerotherapy or oesophageal variceal banding in the acute setting and long term secondary prophylaxis with propranolol. Subsequently, an algorithm was developed to assist with the management of bleeding from oesophageal varices and the diagnosis of EHPVO.

Conclusion: Portal hypertension due to EHPVO is an important cause of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in children. This can be successfully managed even in a resource constraint setting once the appropriate measures are taken.
Bleomycin-induced pneumonitis in a young Ghanaian male with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: A. Dei-Adomakoh Yvonne , S. Afriyie-Mensah Jane , Gbadamosi Hafisatu
Published: March 2021

We report a case of a young Ghanaian male who developed Bleomycin Induced Pneumonitis (BIP) after being treated for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Pulmonary toxicity is the most feared complication of bleomycin therapy despite its effectiveness in achieving cure in patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma and germ cell tumors. BIP has a significant mortality rate if detected late and a high index of suspicion is required in all patients on bleomycin-based therapies with sudden onset of respiratory symptoms.
Systemic disorders and the prognosis of stroke in Congolese patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tshilanda Marc , S. Kanmounye Ulrick , Kapongo Remy , Tshiasuma Michel
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death, disability, and dementia in developing countries. Our study aimed to evaluate the systemic disorders associated with mortality in patients admitted within 72 hours of the initial stroke event.

Setting: The study took place at a tertiary hospital in Kinshasa.

Participants: Patients admitted within 72 hours of the initial stroke event.

Interventions: This cross-sectional study consisted of a retrospective review of stroke patient records from January 2016 to December 2018. The Pearson-Chi square test and odds ratios were calculated with a threshold of significance of 0.05.

Main outcome measures: Mortality

Results: We recruited 114 cases. The mean age was 61.8 ± 2.4 years, and the sex ratio was 1.78 in favor of men. Hypertension (76.3%), dyslipidemia (71.1%), and diabetes mellitus (58.8%) were the most frequent comorbidities. Most patients had hypoxia (85.9%), hypertension (82.4%), hyperglycemia (57.8%), and fever (28.1%). We registered thirty-two deaths (28.1%): 20 (62.5%) from the ischemic strokes, and 12 (37.5%) from hemorrhagic strokes. Systemic disorders with the worst prognosis during were arterial hypotension (OR=3.87, p >0.001), and fever (OR = 1.56, p = 0.047).

Conclusion: Arterial hypotension and fever adversely affect stroke patient outcomes, and strokes are responsible for high mortality in Congo