bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Comparative Studies on Denitrification and Methane Production in Loch Leven, Kinross, and other Freshwater Lakes
Authors: Johnston D. W. , Holding A. J. , McCluskie J. E.
Published: March 2014

Synopsis

Data on the evolution of nitrogen gas and methane, and the utilisation of nitrate were obtained from sediment-water interface core samples obtained from Loch Leven, Kinross, and Windermere Esthwaite Water, Coniston Water and Ennerdale Water in the English Lake District. Differences in the rate of evolution and total quantity of the gases are discussed in relation to the trophic state of the lakes. The potential importance of nitrogen gas loss to the nitrogen budget of the lakes is considered.
The Algal Plankton of Loch Leven, Kinross
Authors: Bailey-Watts A. E.
Published: March 2014

Synopsis

The species composition and succession of the algal plankton are described. Population density changes, as indicated by chlorophylla, cell volume and numbers are discussed in relation to physical, chemical and biological factors in the environment.

The quality and the amounts of the plankton vary considerably from year to year. However, for most of the period reviewed it has been dominated by dense developments of nanno and other small algae belonging to the diatom and blue-green groups.

Factors of particular importance affecting the high observed biomass and production include the water depth, adequate mixing and a rich supply of nutrients from the inflows and the sediments. Competition from other green plants appears to be low. Utilisation of living algal cells in the plankton by crustacean and protozoan grazing and fungal parasitism is rarely important.

The composition of the phytoplankton is discussed in relation to the eutrophic nature of the loch.
The Distribution and Production of Submerged Macrophytes in Loch Leven, Kinross
Authors: Jupp B. P. , Spence D. H. N. , Britton R. H.
Published: March 2014

Synopsis

The distribution and production of submerged macrophytes in Loch Leven has been investigated using drag-rake surveys and biomass measurements. Survey data suggest that changes in the species diversity of the loch have occurred since the earlier records. There appears to have been a decline in some species with an increase in others.

In general there has been an overall loss in species diversity which may be correlated with the increasingly eutrophic status of Loch Leven. At present the macrophyte flora is dominated by a few species, notably Potamogeton filiformis, Zannichellia palustris, Nitella opaca and algal periphyton, with declining, though still significant amounts of Chora aspera. It is probable that the species diversity is in the process of adjusting to the eutrophic status of the loch and that P. filiformis in particular is in an expanding condition.
The Vertical Distribution of Ciliophora and Nematoda in the Sediments of Loch Leven, Kinross
Authors: Bryant Victoria M. T. , Laybourn Johanna E. M.
Published: March 2014

Synopsis

The species composition of ciliates and nematodes in the mud of Loch Leven was investigated: 59 species of Ciliophora and 14 species of Nematoda were recorded. The ciliate species composition varied widely throughout the 11-month sampling period, whereas that of the nematodes was more constant.

The vertical distribution of ciliates and nematodes at four sites is described and related to the findings of other workers. Two distinct patterns of vertical distribution occurred, one typical of ciliates, the other of nematodes.
The Zooplankton of Loch Leven, Kinross
Authors: Johnson D. , Walker A. F.
Published: March 2014

Synopsis

Important qualitative changes that have occurred in the zooplankton of Loch Leven within the present century are described, together with the methods and results of routine quantitative sampling during 1969 and 1972. In 1969, the crustacean zooplankton was a virtual monoculture of the carnivorous cyclopoid copepod Cyclops strenuus abyssorum and showed a marked absence of filter-feeders. This contrasts drastically with the situation in 1972 when the filter-feeding cladoceran Daphnia hyalina var. lacustris co-dominated with Cyclops. The standing crop data for the 2 years are compared and the important rotifers mentioned.
Trout and Perch Populations at Loch Leven, Kinross
Authors: Thorpe J. E.
Published: March 2014

Synopsis

The annual production of trout in Loch Leven lies between 2·2 and 3·9 g(wet).m−2, and of perch between 5·1 and 67·4 g(wet).m−2. Between June and September adult trout consumed 3·7 times their own wet body weight of food, and adult perch 6·58 times, the daily intake decreasing from the beginning to the end of the period. The principal dietary components of the two species were the same,Asellusand perch fry being quantitatively the most important. Comparisons are made between field estimates of food consumption, laboratory estimates of food requirement, and field estimates of food production.
The Energy Requirements of Trout and Perch Populations in Loch Leven, Kinross
Authors: Morgan R. I. G.
Published: March 2014

Synopsis

The minimum energy requirements of trout and perch populations in Loch Leven, Kinross, were calculated for the year 1970–71. Use was made of laboratory data relating to oxygen consumption and ammonium nitrogen (NH3–N) output. Estimates of the specific dynamic action (SDA) of food material were made at 5°, 10° and 15°C and used to predict periods of growth. It was found that optimum growth would take place at 10°C, as opposed to 15°C, and that negative somatic production in the overwintering trout population was due to the energy content of the food intake being less than the minimum energy requirements of metabolism.
I.—Blood and Blood Products
Authors: Cumming R. A.
Published: March 2014

Synopsis

The use of blood has greatly increased during the past 25 years. One of the most important advances during this period is related to the development of methods of isolating, concentrating and storing the individual components of blood for specific clinical requirements. Along with this, new problems in science and technology, blood-donor organisation and medical care and the recruitment and training of staff have emerged. The opinion is advanced, that in the future, the efficiency of blood transfusion lies in its establishment as a separate discipline.
Probabilistic sensitivity analysis of in-vehicle reach tasks for digital human models considering anthropometric measurement uncertainty
Authors: Cloutier Aimee , Gragg Jared , Yang James
Published: March 2014

For design using digital human models, human anthropometry data are required as input and are extracted from measurements. There is inherent error associated with these measurements which impacts the output of the simulation. Current techniques in digital human modeling applications primarily employ deterministic methods which are not well suited for handling variability in anthropometric measurement. An alternative to deterministic methods is probabilistic/sensitivity analysis. This study presents a probabilistic sensitivity approach to gain insights into how uncertainty in anthropometric measurements can affect the results of a digital human model with the specific application of vehicle-related reach tasks. Sensitivity levels are found to determine the importance of variability in each joint angle and link length to the final reach. A55-degree of freedom (DOF) digital human model is introduced to demonstrate the sensitivity approach for reach tasks. Seven right-hand reach target points and two left-hand reach target points (creating a total of 14 reach tasks) within a vehicle are used to compare the sensitivities in the joint angles and link lengths resulting from measurement uncertainty. The results show that the importance of each joint angle or link length is dependent on the characteristics of the reach task and sensitivities for joint angles, and link lengths are different for each reach task.
A new feature parametrization for monocular SLAM using line features
Authors: Zhao Liang , Huang Shoudong , Yan Lei , Dissanayake Gamini
Published: March 2014

This paper presents a new monocular SLAM algorithm that uses straight lines extracted from images to represent the environment. A line is parametrized by two pairs of azimuth and elevation angles together with the two corresponding camera centres as anchors making the feature initialization relatively straightforward. There is no redundancy in the state vector as this is a minimal representation. A bundle adjustment (BA) algorithm that minimizes the reprojection error of the line features is developed for solving the monocular SLAM problem with only line features. A new map joining algorithm which can automatically optimize the relative scales of the local maps is used to combine the local maps generated using BA. Results from both simulations and experimental datasets are used to demonstrate the accuracy and consistency of the proposed BA and map joining algorithms.
Design of a novel 3-DoF parallel kinematic mechanism: type synthesis and kinematic optimization
Authors: Xie Fugui , Liu Xin-Jun , Wang Chao
Published: March 2014

This paper deals with the design of a three-degree-of-freedom (3-DoF) parallel kinematic mechanism (PKM) with high orientational capability. First, a type synthesis method based on Grassmann line geometry and a line-graph method is proposed, and a novel 3-DoF PKM is derived based on this method. Thereafter, the parasitic motions of the derived mechanism are identified under two different orientation description methods, i.e., Tilt-and-Torsion angles (T&T angles) and Roll-Pitch-Yaw angles (RPY angles), and the kinematic optimization considering the motion/force transmissibility is carried out. On this basis, the orientational capability of the discussed mechanism is investigated, and the high orientational capability is demonstrated. The design of the 3-DoF PKM in this paper is very meaningful to the development of the five-axis machine tools with hybrid architectures. The design methods of type synthesis and kinematic optimization can also be used in the design of other PKMs.
Surgical gonadectomy of salmonid fish and subsequent prevention of diseases associated with sexual maturation
Authors: Brown Lydia A.
Published: March 2014

Synopsis

The development of various secondary sexual characteristics in salmonids is described, together with a method of preventing sexual maturation by surgical gonadectomy. The major problem in the application of this technique is the regeneration of male testicular tissue, and it is suggested that the practical solution is the use of hormonal feminisation techniques prior to gonadectomy.
Convection in the oceanic waters west of Britain
Authors: Meincke J.
Published: March 2014

Synopsis

Preliminary results from a winter and a summer cruise in 1984 to the area west of the U.K. continental slope are presented to discuss the structure and the spatial scales of convection. Winter convection events were found to reach a depth of 630 m with horizontal scales of the order of 50 km. The number of areas with actual convection to maximum depth was small at the particular time of the cruise, but the vertical structure in the investigated area indicated numerous convection events over a longer period. The principal vertical structure of the upper 600 m in winter was preserved until the following summer, which agreed with the age of the summer upper layer water estimated from the tritium/helium ratio. This characterises the area to be one of low advection, which can also be indirectly concluded from the fact that the northward flow of 4 Sverdrup of Atlantic Water through the Faeroe-Shetland Channel is supplied by 2 Sverdrup from the current over the continental slope west of U.K. and 2 Sverdrup of flow along the Arctic Front between Iceland and the Faeroes.
The Flotta Terminal and its effects on the marine environment
Authors: Johnston C. S.
Published: March 2014

Synopsis

Although the main theme of this Symposium centres on the environmental impact of the Sullom Voe Terminal in Shetland, it was considered desirable, in this last session, to give brief attention to the Flotta Terminal in Orkney. Several aspects of the development have been discussed elsewhere (Johnston and Halliwell 1976; Trainer et al. 1976; Moore 1980).

Three key sources of marine pollution could be recognised from the terminal operations:

1. Tanker accidents with resultant spillage in the approaches to Scapa Flow.

2. Spillage at the S.P.M.s.

3. Effluent discharges from terminal operations.

Since little has been said about effluent discharge at Sullom Voe, it seems appropriate to consider this aspect of our Flotta experience.

The basis to pre-operational and subsequent monitoring studies will be discussed.
A comparison of the fauna retained on 0·5 mm and 1·0 mm meshes from benthic samples taken in the Beatrice Oilfield, Moray Firth, Scotland
Authors: Bishop J. D. D. , Hartley J. P.
Published: March 2014

Synopsis

The identity and abundance of animals passing through a 1·0 mm mesh but retained on a 0·5 mm mesh is detailed for a number of seabed samples of medium, fine and very fine sand taken in the Beatrice Oilfield in 1981. Comparisons are made with the corresponding 1·0mm-sieved fractions, and the effects on community parameters of combining the two data sets are considered.

In general fewer animals were found on the 0·5 mm mesh than on the 1·0 mm mesh above it. The 0·5 mm mesh samples added comparatively few taxa to the faunal list of the survey. The quantitatively-scored taxa from the 0·5 mm mesh were therefore essentially a sub-set of those already recorded on the 1·0 mm mesh. Several taxa of Foraminiferida were found only on the 0·5 mm mesh, and one of these appeared to be relatively abundant. However. Foraminiferida were not scored quantitatively in this study.

In all samples, when 0·5 mm and 1·0 mm data were combined an increase was noted in the number of taxa recorded compared with 1·0 mm data alone. This recruitment of taxa was largely a reflection of the greater number of individuals in the combined data, rather than the inclusion of taxa unique to the 0·5 mm material. Similarly, the improved precision of abundance estimates of dominant taxa in replicate samples in the combined data probably resulted from the greater number of individuals included in the analysis.

It is argued that the choice of a particular mesh size imposes an essentially arbitrary cut-off along the size spectrum of benthic organisms. A 1·0 mm mesh has been found to yield adequate data in a number of offshore surveys undertaken by the Oil Pollution Research Unit (OPRU). Although a greater number of animals per sample is collected by sieving on a 0·5 mm mesh, the time taken to extract and identify this material must be considered. The alternative of spending an equivalent time analysing extra 1·0 mm samples may in fact yield a greater increase in confidence in the results.
Degradation of low-toxicity oil-based drilling mud in benthic sediments around the Beatrice Oilfield
Authors: Tibbetts P. J. C. , Large R.
Published: March 2014

Synopsis

Hydrocarbon analyses, using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), have been conducted on benthic sediments from around the Beatrice A platform immediately after completion of the first well using low-toxicity oil-based drilling mud. These analyses, as expected, showed the major organic contaminant in the sediments to be fresh base oil from the drilling mud. It could be detected to a distance of 3 km from the platform in the direction of the prevailing currents.

A year later, after the completion of five additional wells using low-toxicity oil-based mud, a repeat survey showed the drilling mud base-oil could be detected in similar concentrations (by gravimetry) over the same spatial area. GLC analysis, however, showed that the base-oil had been severely biodegraded at many stations. The degree to which the n-alkanes had been biodegraded varied considerably between stations but appeared to be related to the distance from the platform and/or the total concentration of oil in the sediments. This has resulted in a discrete ring around the platform within which there was a rapid (and in many cases complete) loss of n-alkanes through biodegradation. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed.
How Participatory is Participatory Heritage Management? The Politics of Safeguarding the AleviSemahRitual as Intangible Heritage
Authors: Aykan Bahar
Published: March 2014

This article addresses the shortcomings of UNESCO’s intangible heritage program in developing effective mechanisms for community participation in heritage management. Contrary to its original intentions, by prioritizing national perspectives and interests on heritage, UNESCO’s program inadvertently allows for strengthening the control of the state over the heritage of minorities and other marginalized groups. This article explores the complexities of state-led intangible heritage management, using theSemahritual of Turkey’s Alevi religious groups as a case in point. I first detail how Alevi voices were silenced duringSemah’s intangible heritage nomination process, despite those documents submitted by Turkey to UNESCO that claim Alevis’ active engagement and full support. Then I discuss in what ways the heritage making ofSemahplays into the ongoing efforts of the Turkish government to integrate Alevis into dominant Sunni majority. I conclude by arguing that UNESCO’s intangible heritage program, though unintentionally, assists nondemocratic countries in their efforts to force marginalized groups to adopt the mainstream culture.
The UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity: An Appraisal Five Years after Its Entry into Force
Authors: Burri Mira
Published: March 2014

The Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions was agreed upon with an overwhelming majority and after the swiftest ratification process in the history of the UNESCO entered into force on 18 March 2007. Now, five years later and with some 130 Members committed to implementing the convention, not only observers with a particular interest in the topic but also the broader public may be eager to know what has happened and in how far has the implementation progress advanced. This is the question that animates this article. It seeks to answer it by giving a brief background to the UNESCO Convention, clarifying its legal status and impact, as well as by looking at the current implementation activities in domestic and international contexts. The article sets this analysis in the frame of international regime complexity insights.
International Cultural Heritage Regimes, International Law, and the Politics of Expertise
Authors: Lixinski Lucas
Published: March 2014

The article examines the problematic politics of expertise in the formation of international legal rules in the field of heritage, looking specifically at international conventions made under the auspices of UNESCO. The article shows that, even within this seemingly small and cohesive universe, there is a lot of room for disagreement, and much of it can be traced back to what Laurajane Smith has called “the Authorized Heritage Discourse” (AHD). The AHD is responsible for the dichotomization of heritage between intangible and tangible, as heritage professionals strive to hold on to and expand their self-created professional legitimacy and importance. Heritage professionals, in striving to maintain their relevance, tend to create self-referential regimes that exclude heritage holders and communities. I argue that lawyers, because of their own professional tendencies, might be in a position to offer a counterpoint to rule by experts in international cultural heritage management.
Field method for rapid quantification of labile organic carbon in hyper-arid desert soils validated by two thermal methods
Authors: Fletcher Lauren E. , Valdivia-Silva Julio E. , Perez-Montaño Saul , Condori-Apaza Renee M. , Conley Catharine A. , Navarro-Gonzalez Rafael , McKay Christopher P.
Published: March 2014

The objective of this work was to develop a field method for the determination of labile organic carbon in hyper-arid desert soils. Industry standard methods rely on expensive analytical equipment that are not possible to take into the field, while scientific challenges require fast turn-around of large numbers of samples in order to characterize the soils throughout this region. Here we present a method utilizing acid-hydrolysis extraction of the labile fraction of organic carbon followed by potassium permanganate oxidation, which provides a quick and inexpensive approach to investigate samples in the field. Strict reagent standardization and calibration steps within this method allowed the determination of very low levels of organic carbon in hyper-arid soils, in particular, with results similar to those determined by the alternative methods of Calcination and Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Field testing of this protocol increased the understanding of the role of organic materials in hyper-arid environments and allowed real-time, strategic decision making for planning for more detailed laboratory-based analysis.
WHEN THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE BECAME VOGUE: PERIODIZATION AND THE ORGANIZATION OF POSTWAR AMERICAN HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: FEARNLEY ANDREW M.
Published: March 2014

In the years around mid-century a number of periodizing terms entered Western historiography. These included the “Weimar Republic” andFrühneuzeitin Germany, “the age of Wilberforce” in Britain, and “the age of Jackson” in the United States, to name just a few. The appearance of these terms attested to the popularity that periodization, or the deliberate creation of historical periods, had within historical practice, and they were embraced variously as heuristics, as means of organizing the historical record, and as the root of synthesis. In this essay I trace the coinage of one term, “Harlem Renaissance,” from its emergence in the 1940s, through to the sharper profile it earned in the postwar years, and its institutionalization in the late twentieth century. In doing so I argue that Harlem Renaissance was neither a term nor a concept used by those who lived during the years it is now said to describe, and illuminate the alternative ways in which contemporaries apprehended their historical position. The context for the coinage and popularization of this term was the displacement of these earlier modes of interpretation by temporal ones, and the emergence of a mode of historical practice that stressed synthetic interpretation. By tracing the fluctuating ways in which a core analytical concept like periodization was handled between the mid- and the late twentieth century we might better grasp how historiographical orientations changed in these years.
CULTURE AND LAW IN WEIMAR JEWISH MEDIEVALISM: LEO STRAUSS'S CRITIQUE OF JULIUS GUTTMANN
Authors: ALDES WURGAFT BENJAMIN
Published: March 2014

The German Jewish historian of political philosophy Leo Strauss is best known for mature works in which he proposed the existence of an esoteric tradition in political philosophy, attacked the liberal tradition of political thought, and defended a classical approach to natural right against its modern counterparts. This essay demonstrates that in his youth, beginning during a scholarly apprenticeship at the Berlin Akademie für die Wissenschaft des Judentums, Strauss championed “medievals” (rather than ancients) against “moderns,” and did so through a sparring match with his postdoctoral supervisor Julius Guttmann, whom he cast in the role of representative “modern.” While for Guttmann the stakes were scholarly, for Strauss they were political. Strauss's Weimar Jewish “medievalism” was a deliberate rejection of the tradition of modern Jewish thought Strauss associated with Guttmann's teacher Hermann Cohen, whom Strauss accused of neglecting the political distinctiveness of Jewish thought. While the conflict between Strauss and Guttmann has been neglected in much of the literature on Strauss, it served as the crucible in which many of his mature views, including his famous exoteric (sometimes called “esoteric”) writing thesis, began to take shape.
PORTENTS OF A DISCIPLINE: THE STUDY OF RELIGION BEFORE RELIGIOUS STUDIES
Authors: SCHMIDT LEIGH ERIC
Published: March 2014

Academic disciplines, including departments of history, emerged slowly and unevenly in the second half of the nineteenth century. Professional societies, including the American Historical Association (AHA) at its founding in 1884, were generally tiny organizations, a few would-be specialists collecting together to stake a claim on a distinct scholarly identity. Fields of study were necessarily fluid—interdisciplinary because they remained, to a large degree, predisciplinary. As fields went, the study of religion appeared especially amorphous; it was spread out across philology, history, classics, folklore, anthropology, archaeology, psychology, sociology, and oriental studies. Adding to the complexity more than simplifying it was the persisting claim that the study of religion belonged specifically (if not exclusively) to theology and hence to seminaries and divinity schools. Elizabeth A. Clark'sFounding the Fathersilluminates the importance of Protestant theological institutions in shaping the study of religion in nineteenth-century America, suggesting, in particular, how well-trained church historians pointed the way toward disciplinary consolidation and specialization. Marjorie Wheeler-Barclay'sScience of Religion, by contrast, explores the leading British intellectuals responsible for extending the study of religion across a broad swath of the new human sciences. Together these two books offer an excellent opportunity to reflect on what religion looked like as a learned object of inquiry before religious studies fully crystallized as an academic discipline in the middle third of the twentieth century. Clark opens the introduction to her book with an epigraph from Hayden White: “The question is, What is involved in the transformation of a field of studies into a discipline?” (1). What indeed?
ARTISTS AS AVATARS
Authors: CHAMETZKY PETER
Published: March 2014

Are artists crazy? Are creators more likely to be mad, or madder, than the rest of us? Does mental distress deepen artistic vision? Correlate to genius? Is the drive to fashion a personal pictorial or plastic universe pathological? Bettina Gockel's hefty TübingenHabilitationsschrift, “The Pathologizing of the Artist: Artist Legends in Modernity,” documents the significant amount of mental energy expended exploring these and related questions from the mid-nineteenth century into the 1920s. Matthew Biro'sThe Dada Cyborgargues that the Dadaists’ montages, assemblages, and raucous agitational activities in the public sphere of World War I-era Berlin indicate modernity's disruption of stable subject positions and suggest instead hybrid, “cyborgian” identities. These included challenges to normative notions of sanity, but also to those of gender, ethnicity, race, and national and political allegiance. James van Dyke's study of the Weimar- and Nazi-era career of painter Franz Radziwill, a World War I veteran and self-taught reactionary modernist realist, provides a detailed case study of an artist whom one might, in retrospect, suspect of a degree of grandiosity and careerism bordering on the pathological, but who was driven by a complex of motivations as political as they were personal.
Frühsymptome und neuropsychiatrische Symptome bei der Parkinson-Erkrankung
Authors: Kasten Meike , Vollstedt Eva-Juliane , Klein Christine
Published: March 2014

Bei Diagnosestellung einer Parkinson-Erkrankung (PK) ist der Krankheitsprozess bereits viele Jahre aktiv. Zunehmend wird versucht, die Phasen vor manifester PK erkennbar zu machen. Hierzu dienen unter anderem die nicht-motorischen Symptome (NMS), diese sind als mögliche Frühzeichen und als Bestandteil der manifesten PK wichtig. Die Identifikation von Frühphasen könnte neue Möglichkeiten für neuroprotektive Ansätze aber auch für die Ursachenforschung zur PK eröffnen. Wir fassen die Literatur zu Frühsymptomen und deren assoziiertes Risiko zur Erkrankung an PK zusammen, beschreiben benötigte Informationen, um Frühzeichen nutzbar zu machen, und beschreiben die NMS als eigenen Symptombereich. Neben den Häufigkeiten der NMS aus einer Literaturübersicht werden die Diagnoseinstrumente für NMS zusammengefasst. Die Diskussion stellt die möglichen Implikationen von NMS und Frühzeichen und nächste Schritte zu deren Nutzung für Therapieoptimierung und Forschung dar.
Is the MWT-A Suitable for the Estimation of Premorbid Intelligence Level?
Authors: Binkau Sabrina , Berwig Martin , Jänichen Jenny , Gertz Hermann-Josef
Published: March 2014

Vocabulary tests have long been used for estimating premorbid intelligence level in the neuropsychological assessment of dementia. However, doubts exist about the validity of such intelligence tests. The present study examines whether the Multiple-Choice Vocabulary Test – Version A (Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Test – Version A, MWT-A) is valid for assessing premorbid intelligence level. Data from a total of 821 patients in a specialized outpatient clinic for dementia (memory clinic), covering the whole spectrum of cognitive impairment, were evaluated using analysis of variance with the dependent variable premorbid intelligence level (MWT-A) and the independent variable extent of global cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental-State Examination, MMSE: mean = 25.2, SD = 3.9). The latter was divided into six MMSE ranges or groups, respectively (29–30, 28–28, 27–27, 25–26, 22–24, 05–21). In the case of a pathologically relevant global cognitive impairment (24–26 MMSE points), the MWT-A underestimates the premorbid intelligence level. This effect is moderated neither by age nor education. Results indicate that the MWT-A is unsuitable for estimating premorbid intelligence level in neuropsychological assessments of cognitively impaired patients or demented patients.
Detection of PFOS and copper(ii) ions based on complexation induced fluorescence quenching of porphyrin molecules
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Zhu Haiyan
Published: March 2014

A fluorescence method for the detection of PFOS and copper(ii) ions in the same sample was established based on complexation induced fluorescence quenching of porphyrin molecules.
The structural analysis of MARK4 and the exploration of specific inhibitors for the MARK family: a computational approach to obstruct the role of MARK4 in prostate cancer progression
Authors: Jenardhanan Pranitha , Mannu Jayakanthan , Mathur Premendu P.
Published: March 2014

The binding of identified ATP competitors specific to MARK4, characterized by a unique DFG Asp-in/αC helix-out inactive state, hampers the progression of prostate cancer.
SU-79: a novel germanate with 3D 10- and 11-ring channels templated by a square-planar nickel complex
Authors: Huang Shiliang , Su Jie , Christensen Kirsten , Inge A. Ken , Liang Jie , Zou Xiaodong , Sun Junliang
Published: March 2014

An open-framework germanate SU-79 was synthesized using nickel complex and amine as the templates. The crystal structure was solved by the combination of rotation electron diffraction (RED) and synchrotron single crystal X-ray diffraction.
Challenging adiabatic time-dependent density functional theory with a Hubbard dimer: the case of time-resolved long-range charge transfer
Authors: Fuks Johanna I. , Maitra Neepa T.
Published: March 2014

Adiabatic TDDFT fails for time-resolved charge-transfer in a simple model, even when linear response spectra is accurate.
Enhanced photodegradation activity of methyl orange over Z-scheme type MoO3–g-C3N4 composite under visible light irradiation
Authors: He Yiming , Zhang Lihong , Wang Xiaoxing , Wu Ying , Lin Hongjun , Zhao Leihong , Weng Weizheng , Wan Huilin , Fan Maohong
Published: March 2014

Z-scheme type MoO3–g-C3N4 composite prepared with a simple mixing–calcination method shows excellent activity in methyl orange photodegradation.
Graphene enhanced carbon-coated tin dioxide nanoparticles for lithium-ion secondary batteries
Authors: Li Zhongtao , Wu Guiliang , Liu Dong , Wu Wenting , Jiang Bo , Zheng Jingtang , Li Yanpeng , Li Junhua , Wu Mingbo
Published: March 2014

A simple and effective protocol is presented to fabricate SnO2/carbon/graphene (SnO2/C/GN) nanocomposites with different compositions and nanostructures. SnO2/C/GN-1.5 with only 1.5 wt% GN shows a stable capacity of 720 mA h g−1 after 70 cycles, which is ascribed to the synergetic effects of a unique combination of material properties.
DES assisted synthesis of hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon molecular sieves for selective CO2versus N2 adsorption
Authors: Patiño J. , Gutiérrez M. C. , Carriazo D. , Ania C. O. , Fierro J. L. G. , Ferrer M. L. , del Monte F.
Published: March 2014

Deep eutectic solvents composed of resorcinol, 3-hydroxypyridine and tetraethylammonium bromide have been used for the synthesis of hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon molecular sieves highly suitable for CO2 adsorption.
Solvent-free synthesis and stability of MgB12H12
Authors: Remhof Arndt , Yan Yigang , Rentsch Daniel , Borgschulte Andreas , Jensen Craig M. , Züttel Andreas
Published: March 2014

We synthesized solvent-free MgB12H12via the reaction between Mg(BH4)2 and B2H6, and investigated its thermal stability and decomposition process.
A radar-like iron based nanohybrid as an efficient and stable electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction
Authors: Zhong Xing , Liu Lin , Wang Xinde , Yu Huiyou , Zhuang Guilin , Mei Donghai , Li Xiaonian , Wang Jian-guo
Published: March 2014

Iron phthalocyanine (FePc) coordinated with pyridyne cycloaddition of graphene sheets (PyNGs) as a high-performance electrocatalyst for ORR was fabricated.
Spin crossover composite materials for electrothermomechanical actuators
Authors: Gural'skiy Il'ya A. , Quintero Carlos M. , Costa José Sánchez , Demont Philippe , Molnár Gábor , Salmon Lionel , Shepherd Helena J. , Bousseksou Azzedine
Published: March 2014

A composite bilayer actuator device which uses spin crossover to convert electrical energy into motion via Joule heating is described.
Pure near-infrared to near-infrared upconversion of multifunctional Tm3+ and Yb3+ co-doped NaGd(WO4)2 nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Zhaofeng , Li Yezhou , Jiang Qi , Zeng Huidan , Ci Zhipeng , Sun Luyi
Published: March 2014

Pure near-infrared to near-infrared upconversion and paramagnetism were observed in NaGd(WO4)2:Tm3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles, suggesting that they are promising materials for applications in high-contrast bio-imaging and bio-separation.
The effect of spin induced magnetization on Jeans instability of viscous and resistive quantum plasma
Authors: Sharma Prerana , Chhajlani R. K.
Published: March 2014

The effect of spin induced magnetization and electrical resistivity incorporating the viscosity of the medium is examined on the Jeans instability of quantum magnetoplasma. Formulation of the system is done by using the quantum magnetohydrodynamic model. The analysis of the problem is carried out by normal mode analysis theory. The general dispersion relation is derived from set of perturbed equations to analyse the growth rate and condition of self-gravitational Jeans instability. To discuss the influence of resistivity, magnetization, and viscosity parameters on Jeans instability, the general dispersion relation is reduced for both transverse and longitudinal mode of propagations. In the case of transverse propagation, the gravitating mode is found to be affected by the viscosity, magnetization, resistivity, and magnetic field strength whereas Jeans criterion of instability is modified by the magnetization and quantum parameter. In the longitudinal mode of propagation, the gravitating mode is found to be modified due to the viscosity and quantum correction in which the Jeans condition of instability is influenced only by quantum parameter. The other non-gravitating Alfven mode in this direction is affected by finite electrical resistivity, spin induced magnetization, and viscosity. The numerical study for the growth rate of Jeans instability is carried out for both in the transverse and longitudinal direction of propagation to the magnetic field. The effect of various parameters on the growth rate of Jeans instability in quantum plasma is analysed.
Effective interactions between soft-repulsive colloids: Experiments, theory, and simulations
Authors: Mohanty Priti S. , Paloli Divya , Crassous Jérôme J. , Zaccarelli Emanuela , Schurtenberger Peter
Published: March 2014

We describe a combined experimental, theoretical, and simulation study of the structural correlations between cross-linked highly monodisperse and swollen Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgel dispersions in the fluid phase in order to obtain the effective pair-interaction potential between the microgels. The density-dependent experimental pair distribution functions g(r)’s are deduced from real space studies using fluorescent confocal microscopy and compared with integral equation theory and molecular dynamics computer simulations. We use a model of Hertzian spheres that is capable to well reproduce the experimental pair distribution functions throughout the fluid phase, having fixed the particle size and the repulsive strength. Theoretically, a monodisperse system is considered whose properties are calculated within the Rogers-Young closure relation, while in the simulations the role of polydispersity is taken into account. We also discuss the various effects arising from the finite resolution of the microscope and from the noise coming from the fast Brownian motion of the particles at low densities, and compare the information content from data taken in 2D and 3D through a comparison with the corresponding simulations. Finally different potential shapes, recently adopted in studies of microgels, are also taken into account to assess which ones could also be used to describe the structure of the microgel fluid.
Influence of the contact potential and space-charge effect on the performance of a Stoffel-Johnson design electron source for inverse photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Maniraj M. , Barman Sudipta Roy
Published: March 2014

By imaging the spatial intensity distribution of the electrons from a Stoffel-Johnson (SJ) type low energy electron source for inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES), we find that the focus is distorted when the beam current exceeds the limiting value due to space charge effect. The space charge effect and the contact potential difference suppress the beam current at low energies (<10 eV). In this work, we show that these limitations of the SJ source can be overcome by compensation of the contact potential difference between the cathode and the lens electrodes and an uniform well focused electron beam with the set kinetic energy can be obtained. The size of the electron beam is around 1 mm full width at half maximum over the whole energy range of 5 to 30 eV generally used for IPES. The compensation of the contact potential difference also enhances the beam current substantially at low energies (<10 eV) and uniform beam current is achieved for the whole energy range. We find that the drift in the electron beam position is sensitive to the lens electrode separation and it is about 1 mm over the whole energy range. By measuring the n = 1 image potential state on Cu(100), we show that the resolution is better when the cathode filament current is set to lower values.
Angular scattering of 1–50 keV ions through graphene and thin carbon foils: Potential applications for space plasma instrumentation
Authors: Ebert Robert W. , Allegrini Frédéric , Fuselier Stephen A. , Nicolaou Georgios , Bedworth Peter , Sinton Steve , Trattner Karlheinz J.
Published: March 2014

We present experimental results for the angular scattering of ∼1–50 keV H, He, C, O, N, Ne, and Ar ions transiting through graphene foils and compare them with scattering through nominal ∼0.5 μg cm−2 carbon foils. Thin carbon foils play a critical role in time-of-flight ion mass spectrometers and energetic neutral atom sensors in space. These instruments take advantage of the charge exchange and secondary electron emission produced as ions or neutral atoms transit these foils. This interaction also produces angular scattering and energy straggling for the incident ion or neutral atom that acts to decrease the performance of a given instrument. Our results show that the angular scattering of ions through graphene is less pronounced than through the state-of-the-art 0.5 μg cm−2 carbon foils used in space-based particle detectors. At energies less than 50 keV, the scattering angle half width at half maximum, ψ1/2, for ∼3–5 atoms thick graphene is up to a factor of 3.5 smaller than for 0.5 μg cm−2 (∼20 atoms thick) carbon foils. Thus, graphene foils have the potential to improve the performance of space-based plasma instruments for energies below ∼50 keV.
Investigation of complexity dynamics of inverse and normal homoclinic bifurcation in a glow discharge plasma
Authors: Saha Debajyoti , Kumar Shaw Pankaj , Janaki M. S. , Sekar Iyengar A. N. , Ghosh Sabuj , Mitra Vramori , Michael Wharton Alpha
Published: March 2014

Order-chaos-order was observed in the relaxation oscillations of a glow discharge plasma with variation in the discharge voltage. The first transition exhibits an inverse homoclinic bifurcation followed by a homoclinic bifurcation in the second transition. For the two regimes of observations, a detailed analysis of correlation dimension, Lyapunov exponent, and Renyi entropy was carried out to explore the complex dynamics of the system.
Note: Compact, reusable inductive-storage-cum-opening-switch based 1.5 GW single-shot pulsed power generator
Authors: Shukla Rohit , Shyam Anurag
Published: March 2014

The results of a very-compact (Marx generator-cum-inductor confined into 0.20 m cylindrical diameter and 0.75 m length) and light-weight (<15 kg) pulsed-power generator are being presented in the paper. The load voltage at 10.5 Ω is measured 125 kV (150 ns full width at half maximum FWHM) with 1.5 GW peak-power. The use of single-optimized-exploding-copper-wire along with the use of air for all the switches of the generator (closing switches of Marx generator used as primary energy source and opening switch of exploding wire) make device very attractive. Marx generator shape itself provides the desired inductance for the inductive storage.
Beam extraction and high stability operation of high current electron cyclotron resonance proton ion source
Authors: Roychowdhury P. , Mishra L. , Kewlani H. , Patil D. S. , Mittal K. C.
Published: March 2014

A high current electron cyclotron resonance proton ion source is designed and developed for the low energy high intensity proton accelerator at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. The plasma discharge in the ion source is stabilized by minimizing the reflected microwave power using four stub auto tuner and magnetic field. The optimization of extraction geometry is performed using PBGUNS code by varying the aperture, shape, accelerating gap, and the potential on the electrodes. While operating the source, it was found that the two layered microwave window (6 mm quartz plate and 2 mm boron nitride plate) was damaged (a fine hole was drilled) by the back-streaming electrons after continuous operation of the source for 3 h at beam current of 20–40 mA. The microwave window was then shifted from the line of sight of the back-streaming electrons and located after the water-cooled H-plane bend. In this configuration the stable operation of the high current ion source for several hours is achieved. The ion beam is extracted from the source by biasing plasma electrode, puller electrode, and ground electrode to +10 to +50 kV, −2 to −4 kV, and 0 kV, respectively. The total ion beam current of 30–40 mA is recorded on Faraday cup at 40 keV of beam energy at 600–1000 W of microwave power, 800–1000 G axial magnetic field and (1.2–3.9) × 10−3 mbar of neutral hydrogen gas pressure in the plasma chamber. The dependence of beam current on extraction voltage, microwave power, and gas pressure is investigated in the range of operation of the ion source.
Magnetic properties of pulsed laser deposition-fabricated isotropic Pr-Fe-B thick-films magnets for magnetic micro-machines
Authors: Nakano M. , Oshima S. , Yanai T. , Fukunaga H.
Published: March 2014

A preparation of Pr-Fe-B thick-film magnets by using a PLD (Pulsed Laser Deposition) method with the energy density at approximately 50 mJ/m2 using the laser power of 2 W was effective to obtain the required magnetic properties for the application to a multi-polarly magnetized rotor. The isotropic films mainly consisted of Pr2Fe14B magnetic phase whose saturation magnetization is approximately 1.56 T, however the remanence (Br) showed higher than 0.9 T. The obtained value of Br was considered to be attributed to a remanence enhancement due to the interaction of Pr2Fe14B hard magnetic phases. Resultantly, the coercivity and (BH)max of the samples exceeded 600 kA/m and 115 kJ/m3, respectively, which were larger than that of previously reported PLD-fabricated isotropic rare-earth based thick-films.
Theoretical investigation of the effect of hydrogen addition on the formation and properties of soliton in direct current argon plasma
Authors: Saikia P. , Goswami K. S. , Saikia B. K.
Published: March 2014

In this study the effect of hydrogen addition on the formation and properties of soliton in direct-current (DC) argon plasma is theoretically investigated. By coupling fluid equations with Poisons equation for such multi-component plasma, the Mach number and amplitude of the soliton are determined following pseudo potential method. Addition of hydrogen in argon discharge leads to the decrease of electron, Ar+ ion density while a reverse trend was observed for ArH+ and hydrogen like ions. It was found that presence of hydrogen like ions in argon plasma affects the formation of soliton with its amplitude significantly decreases as concentration of hydrogen increases. On the other hand, increase in ion to electron temperature ratios of the lighter ions in the discharge also has a significant influence on the amplitude and formation of soliton. The inverse relation between solitons width and amplitude is found to be consistent for the entire range of study.