bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purification and Optimization of Extracellular Lipase from a Novel Strain Kocuria flava Y4
Authors: Barik Adyasa , Sen Sudip Kumar , Rajhans Geetanjali , Raut Sangeeta
Published: February 2022

The exogenous lipolytic activities of Kocuria sp. have been recognized earlier but the genus further contains many more unexplored strains. In this study, the extracellular lipase activity of Kocuria flava Y4 (GenBank accession no. MT773277), isolated from Dioscorea villosa during our previous study, was regulated by different physicochemical parameters, such as pH, temperature, shaking speed, and incubation time. For efficient immobilization of the extracellular lipase, 4% sodium alginate, 50 mL of 25 nM CaCl2.2H2O solution, and 15 min. Hardening time of gel beads in calcium chloride was used. For the first time, K. flava Y4 lipase was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by dialysis and DEAE-Sepharose anion exchange chromatography with Sepharose-6B gel filtration chromatography, yielding ∼15-fold purified lipase with a final yield of 96 U/mL. The SDS-PAGE of purified lipase displayed a single strong band, indicating a monomeric protein of 45 kDa. At a temperature of 35°C and pH 8, the purified lipase showed maximum hydrolytic activity. Using p-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA) as the hydrolysis substrate, the values of Km and Vmax derived from the Lineweaver–Burk plot were 4.625 mM and 125 mol/min−1mg−1, respectively.
Advanced Solid-Phase Microextraction Techniques and Related Automation: A Review of Commercially Available Technologies
Authors: Dugheri Stefano , Mucci Nicola , Cappelli Giovanni , Trevisani Lucia , Bonari Alessandro , Bucaletti Elisabetta , Squillaci Donato , Arcangeli Giulio
Published: February 2022

The solid-phase microextraction (SPME), invented by Pawliszyn in 1989, today has a renewed and growing use and interest in the scientific community with fourteen techniques currently available on the market. The miniaturization of traditional sample preparation devices fulfills the new request of an environmental friendly analytical chemistry. The recent upswing of these solid-phase microextraction technologies has brought new availability and range of robotic automation. The microextraction solutions propose today on the market can cover a wide variety of analytical fields and applications. This review reports on the state-of-the-art innovative solid-phase microextraction techniques, especially those used for chromatographic separation and mass-spectrometric detection, given the recent improvements in availability and range of automation techniques. The progressively implemented solid-phase microextraction techniques and related automated commercially available devices are classified and described to offer a valuable tool to summarize their potential combinations to face all the laboratories requirements in terms of analytical applications, robustness, sensitivity, and throughput.
Rapid Identification of Economic Indicators of Integrated Energy Systems Based on Data Analysis
Authors: He Wei , Lu Haicheng , Liu Yingfang , Chen Guang , Huang Zishuo
Published: February 2022

The construction of integrated energy systems has received widespread attention. In addition to system design and operating optimization, clarifying the internal relationship between the project’s own characteristics and its economic indicators is also important for high-value project selection and implementation. Based on various energy prices and the climatic characteristics of typical cities, 60 integrated energy supply projects in 4 typical cities were used as a case study, and the cold and heat source system solutions with the shortest investment payback period for each project were calculated through a system optimization model. We calculated the correlation coefficient between the initial investment of system equipment, annual energy supply, annual energy sales revenue, annual equivalent full-load energy supply hours, initial equipment investment indicators for annual unit energy supply, and the project’s static investment payback period. The key factors affecting the static investment payback period of the project were identified. The results show that, under the optimal system scheme, even for buildings of the same type in the same area, the economic indicators of different integrated energy projects are still quite different. Under the current design, operation, and operation conditions, load distribution is the decisive factor for the economic feasibility of the project. The static investment payback period of the project can be quickly calculated based on the equivalent full-load energy supply hours of the project throughout the year. Compared with the current numerical and system dynamics model for point-to-point single system optimizing modeling, the proposed statistical regression model can help reveal the main factors of integrated energy system’s economically feasible.
Ferrostatin-1 and 3-Methyladenine Ameliorate Ferroptosis in OVA-Induced Asthma Model and in IL-13-Challenged BEAS-2B Cells
Authors: Yang Nan , Shang Yunxiao
Published: February 2022

Ferroptosis was reported to be involved in the occurrence and development of asthma. However, the potential mechanism underlying the role of ferroptosis in asthma remains unclear. In this study, we established the mouse asthma model following the ovalbumin (OVA) method in C57BL/6 mice and the cell model with IL-13 induction in bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells). Treatment of ferrostatin-1 (Ferr-1) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) decreased iron deposition in IL-13-induced BEAS-2B cells and lung tissues of asthma mice, opposite to that in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Meanwhile, excessive lipid peroxidation asthma model in vivo and in vitro was alleviated by Ferr-1 or 3-MA treatment. In addition, Ferr-1 and 3-MA inhibited the expression of LC-3 in these cells and lung tissues of mice. Moreover, Ferr-1 and 3-MA also suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and oxidative stress factors (ROS and MDA), while promoting the level of SOD, in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, application of Ferr-1 exhibited a greater inhibitory effect on iron release and lipid peroxidation in IL-13-induced BEAS-2B cells and asthma mice than 3-MA, accompanied with a weaker effect on ferritinophagy than 3-MA. Collectively, Ferr-1 and 3-MA ameliorated asthma in vivo and in vitro through inhibiting ferroptosis, providing a new strategy for the clinical treatment of asthma.
Improving Parameter Optimization in Decoy-State Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Li Zijian , Wei Kejin
Published: February 2022

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two remote users to share a string of key bits with information-theoretical security. Parameter optimization is a crucial step in achieving optimal performance in practical QKD systems. In general, such optimization is implemented using a local search algorithm (LSA). However, LSAs inevitably fail to find out the optimal values when the searched key rate function is nonconvex or has a discontinuity of first-order derivatives and a narrow parameter search space. This paper proposes a genetic algorithm-based method to overcome the limitations of LSAs for QKD parameter optimization. We tested the proposed method with various types of common QKD protocols and found that it has very high parameter optimization performance for QKD with a time consumption comparable to that using a standard LSA. We expect our method to be a valuable optimization tool for quantum information processing tasks.
Clinical Significance of PIK3CA and ESR1 Mutations in Circulating Tumor DNA: Analysis from the MONARCH 2 Study of Abemaciclib plus Fulvestrant
Authors: Tolaney Sara M. , Toi Masakazu , Neven Patrick , Sohn Joohyuk , Grischke Eva-Maria , Llombart-Cussac Antonio , Soliman Hatem , Wang Hong , Wijayawardana Sameera , Jansen Valerie M. , Litchfield Lacey M. , Sledge George W.
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

PIK3CA and ESR1 mutations have been implicated in resistance to endocrine therapy (ET) in HR+, HER2− advanced breast cancer (ABC). Inhibition of CDK4 and 6 has been hypothesized as a therapeutic strategy to overcome endocrine resistance in patients with PIK3CA- or ESR1-mutant breast cancers. The objective of this exploratory analysis was to assess efficacy of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant in patients with or without PIK3CA or ESR1 mutations in MONARCH 2.

Patients and Methods:

MONARCH 2 was a global, randomized, double-blind phase III trial of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant in 669 women with HR+, HER2− ABC, which had progressed on ET. Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive abemaciclib plus fulvestrant or placebo plus fulvestrant. Exploratory analyses assessed progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and other endpoints, in patients with or without PIK3CA or ESR1 mutations detectable in baseline ctDNA.

Results:

From the MONARCH 2 population, 219 and 248 patient samples were successfully analyzed for either PIK3CA or ESR1 mutations, respectively. Abemaciclib plus fulvestrant improved PFS compared with placebo plus fulvestrant in both PIK3CA-wild-type (median 16.9 months vs. 12.3 months; HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.33–0.78) and PIK3CA-mutant subgroups (median 17.1 months vs. 5.7 months; HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33–0.84), as well as both ESR1-wild-type (median 15.3 months vs. 11.2 months; HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.27–0.71) and ESR1-mutant subgroups (median 20.7 months vs. 13.1 months; HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 5.7–16.9). Additional endpoints, including OS, were also improved following treatment with abemaciclib plus fulvestrant regardless of PIK3CA or ESR1 mutation status.

Conclusions:

Abemaciclib plus fulvestrant was effective regardless of PIK3CA or ESR1 mutation status, with benefit in both PFS and OS, with a numerically greater improvement in median PFS relative to placebo plus fulvestrant for PIK3CA- or ESR1-mutant tumors compared with the respective wild-type subgroups, in women with HR+, HER2− ABC that had progressed on ET.
O meu bairro: um exercício de cartografia afetiva
Authors: Lima Adson Cristiano Bozzi Ramatis
Published: February 2022

No ano de 1949 o escritor francês Léon-Paul Fargue publicou um livro sobre a cidade de Paris intitulado Le piéton de Paris; no capítulo intitulado Mon quartier ele logra traçar uma espécie de “cartografia sentimental” de uma região parisiense compreendida entre duas Estações – a do Norte e a do Leste – e o bairro de la Chapelle, a partir, justamente, do que lhe afetava e lhe fazia voltar a ela tantas vezes. O objetivo desse artigo é demonstrar porque certos lugares de uma cidade são tão – pessoalmente – atrativos e agradáveis, enquanto outros podem nos deixar absolutamente indiferentes.
Gênese da mercantilização da terra urbana no Pará e os planos de expansão da malha urbana para as cidades de Santarém, Macapá e Cametá
Authors: Ventura Neto Raul da Silva , Moura Beatriz Mesquita
Published: February 2022

No início do século XX o engenheiro paraense João de Palma Muniz elabora e publica planos de expansão urbana para as principais cidades paraenses, dentre elas Cametá, Macapá e Santarém. Os planos recebem influência direta do pensamento higienista sobre a cidade, por conta da formação de Palma Muniz na escola politécnica do Rio de Janeiro, principal polo de difusão do higienismo urbano do Brasil durante o período. O artigo tem como objetivo analisar o contexto institucional que levou à elaboração dos planos de Cametá, Macapá e Santarém, influenciados pelo processo de implementação da Lei de Terras de 1850 no Estado do Pará, e finaliza com a análise morfológica do desenho urbano previsto a expansão do núcleo urbano dessas três cidades.
La recepción del maestro Eckhart en Bruno Taut: pata una arquitectura sin porqué
Authors: Bauchwitz Oscar Federico
Published: February 2022

Análisis de la relevancia del pensamiento del Maestro Eckhart en el contexto utópico de la obra del arquitecto alemán Bruno Taut, con el objetivo de contribuir con la constitución de un sentido para pensar lo que se indica con la expresión arquitectura sin porqué.
Arquitetura e Urbanismo, saber/fazer transdisciplinar?
Authors: Carmo Alison Jorge Alves do , Leite Maria de Jesus de Britto
Published: February 2022

O artigo defende a transdisciplinaridade como inata à arquitetura e urbanismo. São apresentadas revisitações históricas à teoria da disciplina e aportes teóricos que demonstram uma comum relação com demais campos do conhecimento e trabalho humano. Em especial, parte-se da teoria de Françoise Choay para sugerir-se o ofuscamento dessa transdisciplinaridade por uma objetivação teórico-espacial ocorrida ao longo da Era Moderna. Mas transdisciplinaridade que estaria sendo resgatada, hoje, pela ideia de “Campo Ampliado”. Essa discussão é ilustrada com críticas à recente apropriação do transdisciplinar conceito de Autopoiese pelo arquiteto Patrik Schumacher, que, não obstante, desenvolve uma sistematização teórica com tendências disciplinares unilaterais. E para estas análises, contribuem excertos tirados das Ciências da Complexidade, onde encontra-se o conceito de Autopoiese, e da Fenomenologia.
Descaracterização no patrimônio eclético de Pelotas/RS
Authors: Rodrighiero Juliana Cavalheiro , Oliveira Ana Lúcia Costa de
Published: February 2022

Este artigo busca uma discussão teórica acerca da descaracterização arquitetônica nas edificações Ecléticas de Pelotas — Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, propondo um método de avaliação e um enquadramento em um grau de descaracterização, através da efetivação deste método por meio de análise de uma amostragem de diferentes tipologias. Em Pelotas, mesmo com leis e órgãos responsáveis pela salvaguarda do patrimônio, é comum a percepção de alterações nos prédios históricos. Essas alterações, proporcionam a perda das características originais por meio de sucessivas intervenções inadequadas e que consequentemente causam a descaracterização, que além de afetar o caráter de uma obra, também compromete o significado cultural
Revelando o sistema viário do Equador
Authors: Crespo-Fajardo José Luis
Published: February 2022

O livro que vamos comentar, La ordenación de la red vial. El cantón Cuenca, foi publicado em 2016 pela editora da Universidade de Cuenca (Equador), onde seu autor, Enrique Flores Juca, é atualmente Reitor da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo.
Exame clínico
Authors: Manço José Carlos
Published: February 2022

No pensamento de Foucault, a história do conhecimento é descontínua e as mudanças do que ele denomina a épistemê (episteme) não se sucedem de maneira contínua, mas por rupturas. Em duas de suas obras, Foucault oferece material de grande interesse para uma análise não convencional das mudanças do conhecimento humano e do modo de pensar que influenciaram o modelo de clínica médica e do exame clínico, que, de certa forma, chegou aos nossos dias. Os dois textos são: As palavras e as coisas - uma arqueologia das ciências humanas e O nascimento da clínica. Na análise do tema “exame clínico”, decidimos seguir o pensamento de Foucault, para acompanhar as transformações ocorridas no pensamento científico, a partir da Renascença, e o desenvolvimento do método clínico nos séculos XVIII e XIX. Para finalizar, são tecidas considerações críticas acerca das influências que o modelo de exame clínico, descrito pelo filósofo francês causaram na prática da clínica médica nos dias atuais.
Resumos de dissertações de mestrado (m) e teses de doutorado (d) apresentadas na faculdade de medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP de Janeiro a Junho de 2004
Authors: Editor O
Published: February 2022

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O que eles fazem depois da aula ?
Authors: Vieira Elisabeth Meloni , Barbieri Carolina Luisa Alves , Vilela Daniel Bacco , Ianhez Júnior Edgar , Tomé Fernanda Silva , Woida Francesca Maia , Martinez Guilherme Luna , Vicente Luciana Morais , Gava Nelson Fabrício , Lira Priscilla Genari , Brandão Tetzi Oliveira , Mendonça Thaís Nociti
Published: February 2022

Em 1999, o Programa Especial de Treinamento da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, da Universidade de São Paulo realizou um estudo com 326 alunos, do primeiro ao quarto ano, com o objetivo de identificar e descrever as atividades extracurriculares desses alunos. Em 2002, o estudo foi repetido, utilizando-se o mesmo instrumento, aplicado em 360 alunos. Trata-se, portanto, de estudo transversal, cujas variáveis estudadas são: idade, sexo, ano do curso, atividades extracurriculares ligadas à FMRP-USP, motivo da pratica de tais atividades, horas despendidas com elas, grau de satisfação e motivo de satisfação e insatisfação. Do total de entrevistados, 64% são homens e 36% são mulheres. A média da idade é 20,7 anos e apenas 8% (29) não estavam engajados em nenhuma atividade extracurricular na época da entrevista. Das atividades mais freqüentadas estão as ligas (73%), os treinos esportivos (53%), os estágios em laboratório de iniciação científica (31,5%) e os plantões voluntários (31%). Das atividades não relacionadas à Faculdade, 36% referiram-se ao estudo de uma língua estrangeira e 24,5%, à música ou ao teatro. A maioria gasta, pelo menos, cinco horas semanais com essas atividades. Maior número de atividades foi encontrado, associado ao maior o tempo de permanência do aluno no curso médico (p=0,002), embora a carga horária da grade curricular também aumente com o passar do tempo. Embora não tenham sido encontradas grandes diferenças, ao compararmos os alunos entrevistados em 1999 e 2002, houve aumento significativo de participação em ligas, já que novas foram criadas no período.
Análise da prescrição informatizada, em duas clínicas de um hospital universitário
Authors: Freire Claudia Câmara , Gimenes Fernanda Raphael Escobar , Cassiani Silvia Helena Bortoli
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: identificar e analisar a redação da prescrição eletrônica, num Hospital Universitário, do Interior do Estado de São Paulo, e propor sugestões para melhorar o sistema. Modelo do estudo: Estudo avaliatório.  Local do estudo : O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas clínicas do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP, utilizando-se, como objeto de análise, as prescrições na forma eletrônica. População e amostra- Foram analisadas 390 prescrições da Clínica de Ortopedia e 535 prescrições da Clínica Médica, que corresponderam a todas as prescrições avaliadas em 30 dias, não consecutivos. Resultados: Do total de 925 prescrições avaliadas nas duas clínicas, 112 (12,1%) apresentaram rasuras, 129 (13,9%) apresentavam medicamentos suspensos, manualmente ou digitalmente, 261 (28,2%) apresentavam informações que deixavam dúvidas nos profissionais, dentre outros.
Avaliação de programas educacionais nas profissões da saúde: conceitos básicos
Authors: Bollela Valdes R. , Castro Margaret
Published: February 2022

O conceito de avaliação de programas educacionais ainda é relativamente desconhecido de muitos professores e gestores do ensino superior e, muitas vezes, é confundido com avaliação de estudantes. Avaliação é uma das áreas que mais cresceu em importância nas últimas décadas; em parte pela pressão da sociedade e também pela necessidade de mecanismos estruturados e regulares de avaliação formal para o credenciamento e recredenciamento de cursos superiores na área da saúde. Este movimento no Brasil segue uma tendência mundial de busca de sistemas comuns de certificação e acreditação. O objetivo é garantir, tanto quanto possível, altos padrões de qualidade para programas que formam profissionais da saúde. Este artigo apresenta e discute conceitos básicos e modelos de avaliação de programas educacionais, que subsidiarão qualquer profissional da saúde/educação para compreender a essência desse tema tão amplo e desafiador.
El problema de la educación en la Staatslehere de 1813
Authors: Morujão Carlos Aurélio
Published: February 2022

Este artículo aborda la teoría de la educación en la Staatslehre de Fichte de 1813. Intento mostrar que esta teoría está estrechamente relacionada con la idea de Fichte de las relaciones entre ética y política y con su idea del carácter transitorio del Estado. De hecho, Fichte piensa que, en un mundo futuro estructurado de acuerdo con principios éticos, el poder estatal será superfluo. Pero esto implica un esfuerzo por educar a las personas que solo podrá lograr alguien investido tanto con la sabiduría suprema del orden divino del mundo como con el poder de la coerción. Este será el papel asignado al “señor de la coacción” (Zwingherr). Este, al no tener lugar en una exposición puramente a priori de la filosofía del Estado, como fue el caso de la Rechtslehre de 1812, debería tener lugar en una exposición atenta a las circunstancias particulares en las que se expone la doctrina, como es el caso con la Staatslehre de 1813. Al final examino algunas interpretaciones erróneas (según mi punto de vista) de la filosofía de la educación de Fichte y enfatizo, contra Marc Maesschalk, el hecho de que el proyecto de Fichte difiere de la idea de Husserl de una comunidad de sujetos trascendentales autónomos y responsables. Para Fichte, es necesario alguien que diga hasta qué punto los individuos aún no son libres y tienen que ser coaccionados con vistas a la libertad.
El cristianismo como educación del género humano en Fichte
Authors: Turró Salvi
Published: February 2022

A partir del precedente de Lessing, se analiza la comprensión del cristianismo en Fichte como proceso educativo de la humanidad, subrayando la proximidad y diferencias entre ambos autores. Religión del mundo antiguo, mensaje de Cristo y cristianismo racional son las fases de tal desarrollo. Finalmente, se destaca la herencia cristiana en la comprensión en del método genético de la Doctrina de la Ciencia, así como el horizonte hermenéutico que también caracteriza la posición de Fichte.
Haveria um lugar conceitual e sistemático para a educação na filosofia de Fichte? Notas sobre o “Plano dedutivo” para a universidade de Berlim
Authors: Cunha João Geraldo Martins da
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho defende a hipótese de que algumas posições sobre a educação apresentadas por Fichte em seu “Plano Dedutivo” para a universidade de Berlim podem ser inseridas sistematicamente em sua filosofia. Para tanto, articula três teses: (1) a necessidade de crítica da atividade docente e do funcionamento da universidade de então como uma instituição ultrapassada em relação aos propósitos de sua existência; (2) a prescrição da tarefa do intelectual frente a seu presente como exigindo dele um saber, ao mesmo tempo, filosófico e histórico; e (3) a suposição de que o exercício de crítica da razão é, ainda que não exclusivamente, “reflexionante”.
Determinismo e Indeterminismo na física moderna: estudos históricos e sistemáticos do problema da causalidade (Prefácio e Capítulo 1)
Authors: Cassirer Ernst , Azevedo Júnior Ivânio Lopes de , Santos Cysne Guilherme
Published: February 2022

Tradução de Cassirer, E. (2009). Prefácio e Capítulo 1. In: Determinismus und Indeterminismus in der modernen Physik: Historische und systematische Studien zum Kausalproblem, Gesammelte Werke Hamburger Ausgabe. Editado por Birgit Recki, Band 19. Texto e notas de Claus Rosenkranz. (pp. 3-18). Hambourg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 2009.
Traduzido por: Ivânio Lopes de Azevedo Júnior (Universidade Federal do Cariri)  e Guilherme Santos Cysne (Universidade Federal do Ceará)
Precedido por: Idealismo e ciência sob uma perspectiva neokantiana.Apresentação à tradução do Prefácio e Capítulo I de “Determinismo e Indeterminismo na Física Moderna” de Ernst Cassirer, por Ivânio Lopes de Azevedo Júnior e Guilherme Santos Cysne
Resíduos químicos laboratoriais: classificação de perigo pelo GHS e risco no transporte
Authors: Giovanni Cássio , Marques Fabio Luiz Navarro , Günther Wanda Maria Risso
Published: February 2022

OBJETIVOS: Identificar e avaliar, com base no Sistema Globalmente Harmonizado de Classificação e Rotulagem de Produtos Químicos (GHS) e na legislação da Agência Nacional de Transportes Terrestres (ANTT), os perigos provenientes dos resíduos químicos gerados em laboratórios de pesquisa na área de saúde. MÉTODOS: Resíduos químicos gerados em dois Laboratórios de Investigação Médica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo foram inventariados, no período de novembro de 2017 a abril de 2019, e classificados conforme o GHS (frases de perigo) e a legislação de transportes da ANTT (classes de risco), para determinação dos perigos provenientes das respectivas substâncias e misturas. RESULTADOS: No total, foram identificadas 40 substâncias ou misturas, cuja classificação pelo GHS indicou 36 frases de perigo, sendo 27 relacionadas à saúde humana. De acordo com a legislação estabelecida pela ANTT, foram encontrados 16 casos de periculosidade associada à inflamabilidade, 15 casos relacionados à toxicidade e 12 casos relativos à corrosividade. CONCLUSÕES: Resíduos químicos gerados nos laboratórios estudados são diversificados quanto a suas características de periculosidade, implicando a possibilidade de exposição a riscos severos aos trabalhadores, aos estudantes e ao ambiente. A correta identificação desses resíduos é fator primordial para diminuição da exposição aos riscos.
Efeito da cobertura de testes rápidos na atenção básica sobre a sífilis em gestantes no Brasil
Authors: Roncalli Angelo Giuseppe , Rosendo Tatyana Maria Silva de Souza , Santos Marquiony Marques dos , Lopes Ana Karla Bezerra , Lima Kenio Costa de
Published: February 2022

OBJETIVO: Analisar o efeito da cobertura de testes rápidos na Atenção Básica sobre a taxa de detecção de sífilis em gestantes no Brasil, nos municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes. MÉTODOS: A variável dependente foi a taxa de detecção de sífilis em gestantes entre os anos de 2012 e 2018. Como variáveis independentes principais, foram utilizados os métodos de aferição da cobertura de testes rápidos para sífilis na Atenção Básica e, como variáveis de ajuste, alguns indicadores de serviços de saúde e socioeconômicos. Optou-se por um modelo de regressão linear para dados em painel (panel data analysis), considerando o município como unidade de análise e ano como variável de tempo. RESULTADOS: Pelos resultados do modelo final, pode-se inferir que, para um determinado município, à medida que a taxa de testes rápidos aumenta em um ponto para cada mil nascidos vivos, a taxa de detecção de sífilis em gestantes aumenta em média 0,02 casos por mil nascidos vivos (p < 0,001). Esse valor está ajustado para cobertura de Saúde da Família, proporção de UBS por habitante, gastos per capita com saúde e Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano. CONCLUSÕES: Houve uma melhora substancial na quantidade de testes rápidos disponíveis, bem como, o aumento significativo de realização desses testes em gestantes, o que prediz o aumento das taxas de sífilis em gestantes. Contudo, uma hipótese preocupante é que a quantidade de testes realizados em gestantes no período analisado pode ter sido insuficiente para detectar o avanço da epidemia nessa população.
O papel da literacia em saúde como fator associado às perdas dentárias
Authors: Tenani Carla Fabiana , Junior Manoelito Ferreira Silva , Lino Carolina Matteussi , Sousa Maria da Luz Rosário de , Batista Marília Jesus
Published: February 2022

OBJETIVO O objetivo foi analisar o papel da Literacia em Saúde (LS) como fator associado às perdas dentárias entre usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. MÉTODOS O estudo transversal e analítico foi conduzido com usuários adultos e idosos selecionados em dez Unidades de Saúde da Família sorteadas, em Piracicaba – SP, Brasil. Foi aplicado um questionário com dados sociodemográficos (sexo, idade, cor da pele e escolaridade), comportamentais (escovação e uso de fio dental), determinantes em saúde (tipo e frequência de uso de serviço de saúde médico e odontológico) e clínica (dor). As condições bucais foram coletadas por exame intrabucal do biofilme dental visível e Índice Pediodontal Comunitário. As condições clínicas sistêmicas (glicemia, hemoglobina glicada e pressóricas) foram extraídas dos prontuários. A variável explanatória foi a LS (baixa, média e alta), medida pelo Health Literacy Scale (HLS-14). RESULTADOS O desfecho foi à perda dentária medida pelo Índice de dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos e obturados. Foi realizada regressão logística com uso de um modelo conceitual para a LS (p < 0,05). Para os 238 indivíduos, a média de idade foi 62,7 anos (± 10,55). A perda dentária esteve associada à LS nos modelos de regressão ajustados por tipo de serviço odontológico, frequência odontológica e uso de fio dental. No modelo final, a perda dentária teve como fatores associados a maior idade (OR = 1,12; IC95% 1,07–1,17), menor escolaridade (OR = 3,43; IC95% 1,17–10,10), ao uso irregular de fio dental (OR = 4,58; IC95% 1,75–7,31), uso irregular do serviço odontológico (OR = 2,60; IC95% 1,32–5,12), bolsa periodontal (> 4mm) (OR = 0,31; IC95% 0,01–0,08), ter biofilme dental visível (OR = 7,23; IC95% 3,19–16,41) e maior índice de glicemia (OR = 1,98; IC95% 1,00–3,92). CONCLUSÕES A perda dentária esteve associada à LS quando ajustada por comportamentos em saúde, a partir da inclusão das variáveis sociodemográficas e condições clínicas ela perdeu a significância. No modelo final, comportamentos, determinantes em saúde e condições clínicas foram indicadores de risco da perda dentária, demonstrando a multifatorialidade envolvida neste fenômeno.
Central Asia Under Brussels’ and Moscow’s Eyes
Authors: Gerrits Andre W.M. , Klijn Hugo
Published: February 2022

While the Central Asian states try to balance their foreign policy options and to develop ‘multi-vector’ strategies, the region is tilting eastwards, especially towards China. What does this imply for two other external powers in the region: Russia and the European Union? This article reflects on the future prospects for the EU to play a role of significance in Central Asia and for Russia to manage its position as the region’s former overlord. The uninterrupted continuity of authoritarianism in Central Asia suggests that the EU has exerted only a very limited influence in the region, while the interests of Russia and the local regimes seem to run in parallel. Yet we see both external powers adapting their strategies in part to the changed (geo)political situation in the region. In this article we interpret these changes and draw tentative conclusions about what they may mean for the future of the Central Asian countries, especially where the perceived contradiction between security and human rights is concerned.
The Epidemiology of Necrotizing Fasciitis at a Rural Level 1 Trauma Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: McGee Shayan A. , Barnum Michael , Nesbit Robert D.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non‐COVID-19 pathologies has been experienced worldwide. While people appropriately avoided social interactions, many also avoided essential medical care for acute and chronic conditions. This delay in seeking care has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in several conditions, including life-threatening infections such as necrotizing fasciitis.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients that presented to the University of Vermont Medical Center for necrotizing fasciitis during the 1-year period following the declaration of a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. We subsequently compared this data with that of the previous 4 years.

Results

During the period of March 12, 2020 to March 12, 2021, there were 17 cases of newly diagnosed necrotizing fasciitis. Compared with an average per year of 8 cases over the previous 4 years, this represents a 113% percent increase in cases of necrotizing fasciitis during the study period ( P = .071861). Out of the 17 cases, 4 patients died during their admission, producing a case-fatality rate of 23.5%. This represents a statistically significant increase from previous years ( P = .003248), where the average case-fatality rate was 6.3%.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates a substantial increase in cases of necrotizing fasciitis following the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. A significant increase in the case-fatality rate was also observed. Given the growing body of literature describing the negative impact of the pandemic on non-COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, our study posits necrotizing fasciitis as one of many affected pathologies.

Level of Evidence

Level IV. Epidemiological
Small Bowel Evisceration Through a Perforated Stercoral Ulcer
Authors: Chopra Asmita , Rothstein Anna , Mohamed Ahmed Amin , Pannell Stephanie
Published: February 2022

Stercoral ulcers are localized areas of loss of colonic mucosal integrity. They result from pressure necrosis of the colonic mucosa, secondary to chronic constipation and fecal inspissation. These ulcers are rare and, are associated with serious complications, including bleeding and perforation. We present the case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with small bowel evisceration through the anal canal secondary to extraperitoneal perforation of the rectum. The patient underwent emergent exploratory laparotomy with reduction of the bowel, followed by second look laparotomy in 24 hours. A full thickness defect in the rectum was identified and Hartmann’s procedure was performed. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. Extraperitoneal perforation and evisceration of bowel is a rare clinical entity. These cases are diagnosed early due to the obvious clinical presentation and however may be misdiagnosed as prolapse. They necessitate urgent and careful surgical planning, to ensure preservation of bowel and complete recovery.
Democracy in Political Corporate Social Responsibility: A Dynamic, Multilevel Account
Authors: Goodman Jennifer , Mäkinen Jukka
Published: February 2022

Political corporate social responsibility (PCSR) calls for firms to implement and engage in deliberative democracy processes and structures, addressing governance gaps where governments are unwilling or unable to do so. However, an underlying assumption that the implementation of PCSR will enrich democratic processes in society has been exposed and challenged. In this conceptual article, we explore this challenge by developing a framework to reveal the dynamics of firms’ deliberative democratic processes and structures (meso level), and those at nation state (macro level). Using existing cases as illustrative examples, we demonstrate that despite the public good premise of PCSR theory toward thickening the overall democracy in a society, corporate democratization at meso level can have the opposite effect and may actually erode macro-level democratic control of society and the economy. These findings imply a need for multilevel analysis in PCSR research and greater consideration of state-level public institutions and the responsibilities of business firms toward those institutions. Furthermore, we contribute to the PCSR literature by identifying the disruptive mechanisms associated with these dynamics and outline two alternative perspectives to allow firms to continue to take on political responsibilities.
Human Rights: A Promising Perspective for Business & Society
Authors: Schrempf-Stirling Judith , Van Buren Harry J. , Wettstein Florian
Published: February 2022

In his invited essay for Business & Society’s 60th anniversary, Archie B. Carroll (2021, p. 16) refers to human rights as “a topic that holds considerable promise for CSR [corporate social responsibility] researchers in the future.” The objective of this article is to unpack this promise. We (a) discuss the momentum of business and human rights (BHR) in international policy, national regulation, and corporate practice, (b) review how and why BHR scholarship has been thriving, (c) provide a conceptual framework to analyze how BHR and corporate social responsibility (CSR) relate to each other, and (d) provide a research agenda outlining how BHR can expand business and society scholarship in general and one of its foundational constructs, CSR, in particular, beyond the current confines of the business and society field.
A better foundation for national security? The ethics of national risk assessments in the Nordic region
Authors: Lidén Kristoffer
Published: February 2022

Aiming at analysing all major security risks to a country, comprehensive National Risk Assessments (NRAs) can be used as a foundation for national security policies. Doing so manifests a modernist dream of securing societies through the anticipatory governance of risks. Yet, this dream resembles a nightmare of undemocratic state control in the name of security. Based on a critique of the politics of NRAs, this article offers a theoretical framework for evaluating their scientific and political credentials. Drawing on political theory of technocratic expert rule, ethical criteria of epistemic reliability and political representation are introduced to the debate. These criteria are then applied to an analysis of the NRAs of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Iceland. I argue that although these NRAs are convincing correctives to the risk perceptions of politicians and civil society, they are insufficiently reliable and representative for defining the scope and priorities of national security policies at large.
Education as care labor: Expanding our lens on the work-life balance problem
Authors: Teo Youyenn
Published: February 2022

Scholars have documented the challenges of combining wage work and care responsibilities in various societal contexts. National variations reveal that public policy and care infrastructure have major effects in shaping gendered patterns, class inequalities, as well as overall wellbeing of parents. Childcare centers and schools can enable people with children to pursue jobs and careers. Yet, as I show in this article, education systems’ demands can become a major component of parental care labor. Drawing on interviews with 92 parents in Singapore, I illustrate the ways in which education care labor impedes work-life reconciliation as well as deepens the significance of gender and class.
Can Tourism Development Reduce Gender Inequality?
Authors: Mitra Subrata Kumar , Chattopadhyay Manojit , Chatterjee Tapas Kumar
Published: February 2022

This study evaluates the nonlinear relationship between gender inequality and tourism receipts using a standard quantile regression approach and advances the results with an asymmetric application. Gender inequality is a pervasive and complex phenomenon rooted in the socio-economic culture of many countries. The reasons for inequality have country-specific situations, and to gain a broader understanding, countries were grouped by their income levels to explore the relationships for different groups. The study concludes that not all countries stimulate overall gender inequality through tourism. The study results show that in all but the 10th quantile, tourism had a negative and significant relationship with gender inequality providing support for the notion that tourism helps narrow the gender gap. The exceptions were found only at the 10th quantile indicates that low-income countries with low levels of tourism development could not derive the benefits of tourism’s potential in reducing gender inequality.
The Culture of Alcohol in the U.S. Military: Correlations With Problematic Drinking Behaviors and Negative Consequences of Alcohol Use
Authors: Meadows Sarah O. , Beckman Robin , Engel Charles C. , Jeffery Diana D.
Published: February 2022

Excessive alcohol use, especially binge and heavy drinking, represents a serious threat to force readiness across the Department of Defense. Though these behaviors are a matter of individual service member choice, they are influenced by perceptions of the culture of alcohol use in the military. This paper uses data from the 2018 Health Related Behaviors Survey of Active Duty service members to explore associations between perceived alcohol culture and excessive alcohol use, any serious drinking consequences, risky driving behaviors, productivity loss due to drinking, absenteeism, and presenteeism. Results from multivariate logistic regression reveal a strong, positive correlation between positive perceptions of drinking culture in the military and all outcomes. Targeting perceptions of the drinking culture is one way the military can reduce excessive and unhealthy use of alcohol and negative sequelae.
Identifying Urban Agriculture as Heritage: Traditional Urban Grape Gardens in the Ancient City of Xuanhua, China
Authors: Jiang Yichen , Timpe Axel , Lohrberg Frank
Published: February 2022

Urban agricultural heritage is an essential subject when investigating urban history. The preservation of it contributes to inheriting farming traditions, supporting local food, and reinforcing the cities’ cultural identity. To emphasize the significance and urgency of preserving urban agricultural heritage, this article first describes the concept of urban agricultural heritage from historical, ecological, social, and economic dimensions. We then choose the traditional urban grape garden in the Ancient City of Xuanhua as a case study. According to a new method we have developed, we provide a comprehensive description of the existing issues in the grape garden and the external factors that impact the study area. The results show that the traditional farming technique has been inherited; the urban fabric of courtyards containing grape funnels has not changed; the study area still lacks social concerns; and a part of households should optimize their business models.
Modeling SARS-CoV-2: Comparative Pathology in Rhesus Macaque and Golden Syrian Hamster Models
Authors: Choudhary Shambhunath , Kanevsky Isis , Yildiz Soner , Sellers Rani S. , Swanson Kena A. , Franks Tania , Rathnasinghe Raveen , Munoz-Moreno Raquel , Jangra Sonia , Gonzalez Olga , Meade Philip , Coskran Timothy , Qian Jessie , Lanz Thomas A. , Johnson Jillian G. , Tierney Cassandra A , Smith Justin D. , Tompkins Kristin , Illenberger Arthur , Corts Paula , Ciolino Tara , Dormitzer Philip R. , Dick Edward J. , Shivanna Vinay , Hall-Ursone Shannan , Cole Journey , Kaushal Deepak , Fontenot Jane A. , Martinez-Romero Carles , McMahon Meagan , Krammer Florian , Schotsaert Michael , García-Sastre Adolfo
Published: February 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans has a wide range of presentations, ranging from asymptomatic or mild symptoms to severe illness. Suitable animal models mimicking varying degrees of clinical disease manifestations could expedite development of therapeutics and vaccines for COVID-19. Here we demonstrate that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection resulted in subclinical disease in rhesus macaques with mild pneumonia and clinical disease in Syrian hamsters with severe pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, or in situ hybridization. Replicating virus in the lungs was identified using in situ hybridization or virus plaque forming assays. Viral encephalitis, reported in some COVID-19 patients, was identified in one macaque and was confirmed with immunohistochemistry. There was no evidence of encephalitis in hamsters. Severity and distribution of lung inflammation were substantially more in hamsters compared with macaques and exhibited vascular changes and virus-induced cytopathic changes as seen in COVID-19 patients. Neither the hamster nor macaque models demonstrated evidence for multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS). Data presented here demonstrate that macaques may be appropriate for mechanistic studies of mild asymptomatic COVID-19 pneumonia and COVID-19-associated encephalitis, whereas Syrian hamsters may be more suited to study severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
MAGIC Dataset: Multiple Conditions Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Group-Based High-Fidelity Comprehensive Vehicle Trajectory Dataset
Authors: Ma Wanjing , Zhong Hao , Wang Ling , Jiang Linzhi , Abdel-Aty Mohamed
Published: February 2022

High-fidelity vehicle trajectory data contain rich spatiotemporal characteristics and play a major role in the field of transportation research, for example, driving behavior models, traffic flow models, traffic state identification, and driver assistance strategies. There are some coverage issues with the existing datasets recorded in continuous traffic flow facilities, which may limit the further development of research on the safety and efficiency of continuous traffic flow facilities. For example, the observation areas of these datasets lack different traffic states and section types. Therefore, it is necessary to collect a new trajectory dataset. This paper proposes a detailed plan for aerial photography by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) group. An experiment was conducted from 7:40 to 10:40 a.m. on a section of the Shanghai Inner Ring, Shanghai, China, with a total length of 4,000 m in both directions including a large radius curve and six ramps. The trajectory dataset, named MAGIC, is extracted and compared with NGSIM US-101 and HIGH-SIM from the aspects of experiment field, traffic states, and so on. Further, to illustrate the advantages of the MAGIC dataset incorporating different traffic states and section types, the MAGIC dataset is evaluated from the three aspects of traffic congestion state, fundamental diagram, and traffic conflict. Overall, there are significant differences in macroscopic traffic flow and traffic safety characteristics between road sections with different section types or traffic states. Therefore, the proposed method presents some unique advantages and may perform effectively in many fields.
Level of Pedestrian Stress in Urban Streetscapes
Authors: Rodriguez-Valencia Alvaro , Ortiz-Ramirez Hernan Alberto , Simancas Willis , Vallejo-Borda Jose Agustin
Published: February 2022

Several service and performance indicators (SPIs) have recently been developed to evaluate pedestrian infrastructures, such as different walkability indexes and pedestrian level of service (P-LOS). Given that stress has become a popular SPI for bicyclists (level of traffic stress [LTS]), this study addressed stress for pedestrians as an SPI by relating measurable attributes of different urban street segment environments with pedestrian perceived stress. A stress-based pedestrian SPI was proposed to classify street segments into four levels of pedestrian stress. A total of 1,043 pedestrians across 30 segments in Bogotá were surveyed about their perceived stress. Multimodal traffic counts, location audits, and layout dimensions were collected in each segment to estimate an ordered probit model that explained four stress categories. Physical infrastructure attributes and traffic operational conditions were found to affect perceived stress at given locations. The similarities between the proposed stress index with the LTS and P-LOS are discussed, and the proposed SPI is applied to pedestrian infrastructure planning and design in light of sustainable transportation goals.