bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conocimientos del profesorado en formación inicial sobre la guerra civil y su tratamiento en las aulas
Authors: Luna Ursula , Castrillo Janire , Gillate Iratxe , Ibáñez-Etxeberria Alex
Published: March 2022

Este trabajo tiene como objetivos analizar el conocimiento que tiene el profesorado en formación de la Universidad del País Vasco sobre personajes y acontecimientos de la guerra civil, y su posible uso en la etapa de primaria para el trabajo de temas y actitudes concretos. Se ha realizado un estudio con 312 alumnos, que han rellenado un cuestionario de cuatro ítems. Se ha concluido que el alumnado tiene un alto grado de desconocimiento sobre la guerra civil y su posible uso en la etapa de primaria. Por un lado, reproduce los conocimientos adquiridos durante su etapa educativa anterior, donde la enseñanza de la historia estaba basada en el desarrollo lineal de sucesos y acontecimientos bélicos, unido a personajes de índole político y militar. La ausencia del tratamiento de la guerra civil desde una perspectiva crítica, y a partir de la memoria de colectivos silenciados u olvidados, supone que el alumnado desconozca los posibles usos que pueden dársele a un tema conflictivo como la guerra civil en el aula. Por ello, desconocen su potencialidad para trabajar la competencia cívica y ciudadana, la reflexión y la perspectiva crítica de la historia. Por tanto, se reconoce la necesaria inclusión de la memoria histórica en la enseñanza obligatoria, así como en la formación inicial del profesorado, que permita un cambio de perspectiva en la enseñanza de la guerra civil y sus consecuencias en nuestro presente.
Defining the systemic development of the Finnish pulp and paper industry’s business network
Authors: Laakkonen Anu , Hujala Teppo , Pykäläinen Jouni
Published: March 2022

Companies operate in a nested and complex system where global challenges shape their environments and put pressure on business activities. Systemic understanding of the past and ongoing changes within a national industry help to analyze the global influences and identify phenomena that reshape business collaborations. To address this issue in the case of a forest sector, this study constructs a systemic picture of the historical development of the Finnish pulp and paper industryâs business network and analyzes it qualitatively through the Actors-Resources-Activities framework. Books discussing the history of the Finnish forest industry were used as secondary data, which were analyzed with a theory-based content analysis method. The analysis revealed four development phases during which the network has evolved from rather simple one emphasizing cooperation organizations (1st) to a more complex one with stronger roles of the state and individual influencers (2nd), and then emphasizing export and advocacy associations (3rd), before returning to be rather simple, based around three large multinationals and the EU playing an important role (4th). The industry is concerned about securing its key resources, with varying foci. Research and technological innovation activities play an important role together with cooperative interactions. Overall, actors favor a business-as-usual strategy, which is overruled only by a radical change in the operating environment, leading to notable changes in the network. Thus, a suggestion for all actors within the forest sector is that actively detecting and interpreting change signals in the whole environment can help actors in pursuing sustainable activities.
Prevalence of pulmonary dysfunction in patients with beta thalassemia major: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Taksande Amar , Dalal Yash , Jindal Himanshi , Bharati Taksande
Published: March 2022

Background Many studies have been conducted on heart, liver, and endocrine abnormalities in thalassemia; however, studies on pulmonary dysfunction (PD) have been limited. Previous studies on the prevalence of restrictive lung disease (RLD) and obstructive lung disease (OLD) in β-thalassemia major patients have lacked agreement. Objective To assess the prevalence of PD in β-thalassemia major patients by systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Methods We searched Cochrane library, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase for relevant articles. Articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria and data were extracted. The primary outcome was prevalence of pulmonary dysfunction in β-thalassemia major with 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Subgroup analyses were applied to explore the prevalence in different age groups, regions, and serum ferritin levels. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment were also conducted. Results A total of 37 studies comprising 1,467 cases were included in this analysis. Pulmonary dysfunction was present in 64.7% (95%CI 57.6 to 71.1) of cases. The pooled prevalence of RLD (44.9%) was higher than that of OLD (7.6%) and diffusion impairment (DI) (35.6%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the region with the highest pooled prevalence of PD was the Americas (75.2%). The highest prevalence of RLD and DI was found in Asia (48.2% and 44.6%, respectively) and that of OLD in Europe (9.7%). Sensitivity analysis showed that the pooled results were robust. Conclusion A high prevalence of pulmonary dysfunction, mainly RLD rather than OLD, was detected in β-thalassemia major patients.
An Optimal GeoAI Workflow for Pan-Arctic Permafrost Feature Detection from High-Resolution Satellite Imagery
Authors: Udawalpola Mahendra R. , Hasan Amit , Liljedahl Anna , Soliman Aiman , Terstriep Jeffrey , Witharana Chandi
Published: March 2022

High-spatial-resolution satellite imagery enables transformational opportunities to observe, map, and document the micro-topographic transitions occurring in Arctic polygonal tundra at multiple spatial and temporal frequencies. Knowledge discovery through artificial intelligence, big
imagery, and high-performance computing (HPC) resources is just starting to be realized in Arctic permafrost science. We have developed a novel high-performance image-analysis framework—Mapping Application for Arctic Permafrost Land Environment (MAPLE)—that enables the integration
of operational-scale GeoAI capabilities into Arctic permafrost modeling. Interoperability across heterogeneous HPC systems and optimal usage of computational resources are key design goals of MAPLE. We systematically compared the performances of four different MAPLE workflow designs on two
HPC systems. Our experimental results on resource utilization, total time to completion, and overhead of the candidate designs suggest that the design of an optimal workflow largely depends on the HPC system architecture and underlying service-unit accounting model.
Evaluation of Roundness Condition The Wall Structure Of Silos Wheat Storage Capacity 4650 Tons
Authors: Sukamta Sukamta , Widyanto Susilo Adi
Published: March 2022

This paper discusses the evaluation of asymmetrical inflating pattern phenomenon on the silo wall due to loading. The wall structure used corrugated wall modules with bolted connections. The storage capacity of the observed silo is 4,650 tons of wheat grains with a diameter of 19 m and a height of 20.875 m. Numerical analysis was performed using the finite element method. The condition of the bolt connection is directly measured using a torque wrench. Measurement and analysis is carried out when the silo is full or empty. The measurement results show that the bolt tightening torque in the full capacity loading of grain is about 2 times than that of when empty. This indicates that the silo walls are subjected shear stress of bolts on the overlap area between wall modules. The asymmetrical inflating pattern of the silo wall during loading is caused by the variation of the bolt tightness torque at the connection between the wall modules. The calculation results show that the minimum bolt tightness torque to produce friction stress (in the overlap area between wall modules) which is equal to the grain pressure stress is 47.36 Nm.
Analysis of Liquefaction Potential Based on The Grain Size Distribution of Soils and Cone Penetration Test (CPT) Data
Authors: Prayitno Deo Pratama , Artati Hanindya Kusuma
Published: March 2022

Liquefaction is a failure phenomenon in the soil layer which generally occurs due to cyclic loads from earthquakes. This study was conducted to determine the potential for liquefaction based on soil grain size distribution and CPT data in the UII Hospital area in Wijirejo Village, Bantul, DIY. Based on its geographical location, the Bantul district has a high earthquake potential because it is near an opak fault and is located in a subduction zone between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian plate. Along with this, there is urgency for this research. Analysis based on the grain size distribution of the soil was evaluated using the Tsuchida curve (1970). Analysis based on CPT data was evaluated using the Seed & Idris (1971) and IM Idriss & RW Boulanger (2008) equations to obtain a soil layer safety value, which was then used to predict the level of potential liquefaction with the LPI value using the Luna & Frost (1998) equation. Based on the grain size distribution using the Tsuchida curve (1970) in Wijirejo Village, the soil layer at a depth of 1 meter is dominated by sandy soil and silt, which has liquefaction potential. Based on CPT data, all sondir points have a very high liquefaction potential with consecutive LPI values 48,405; 52,160; 57,498; and 46,942 with a potential liquefaction zone depth of 0.20 to 13.20 meters from the ground level.
Analysis of Available Discharge in the Temef Watershed Using the NRECA, F. J. Mock and Tangki Method
Authors: Krisnayanti Denik Sri , Udiana I Made , Chandra Chrystin , Welkis Davianto Frangky B.
Published: March 2022

Temef Dam is located in Oenino Village Oenino District and Konbaki Village Polen District, Timor Tengah Selatan Regency which has a capacity of 45.79 millions m3. This research aimed to determine the amount of potential evapotranspiration using Penman Modification Method, the amount of dependable discharge with three methods that are NRECA, F.J. Mock, and Tank Methods, from those three methods will be selected a method that have closest characteristic of Temef Watershed, and filling timein Temef Reservoir. The maximum half monthly potential evapotranspiration in Temef Watershed using Penman Modification Method is 142.72 mm and the minimum is 71,25 mm. The average of annual discharge using NRECA Method is 249.89 m3/sec, F.J. Mock Method is 258.66 m3/sec, and Tank Method is 92.15 m3/sec. Based from three methods that have been used, Tank Method is the closest method to the characteristics of Temef Watershed, which RMSE value from Tank Method is 2.99. Filling time of Temef Reservoir to reach the planned reservoir volume in normal water year condition is three months and fifteen days and in low water year condition is six months.
Urban Public Transportation Perspective in Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Sarjana Sri
Published: March 2022

Urban public transportation is transportation system developed for the public interest that prioritizes the optimal integration of various resources and infrastructure in order to achieve sustainable city that is guided by green technology. The development of urban public transportation through scientific evolution that prioritizes the diversity of knowledge and technology as effort to create environmentally friendly city that is oriented towards sustainable development. Qualitative methods are applied in the analysis of themes studied by developing a meta-analysis. Primary data was obtained from the collection of scientific journals published from 1966 to 2020 as part the analysis of scientific literature. The results of study stated that there was  significant increase in the number of papers and number of citations in last twenty years which indicated an improvement in knowledge development. There are several topics that have novelty that were found after an analysis on the theme of urban public transportation includes service quality, public space, transportation engineering, regulation, and bus rapid transit. For this reason, new topics found need to be followed up in further research in line with current technological developments.
Social Efficiency of Entry in a Vertical Structure with Third Degree Price Discrimination
Authors: Chen Junlin , Mukherjee Arijit , Zeng Chenhang
Published: March 2022

We study social efficiency of entry in the presence of downstream cost asymmetry and upstream price discrimination. We show that entry is excessive when the entrants are highly inefficient, and it is insufficient when either the entrants are efficient or their inefficiency is low. The results are in sharp contrast to the existing literature considering upstream uniform pricing (Cao, H., and L. F. S. Wang. 2020. “Social Efficiency of Entry in a Vertically Related Industry Revisited.” Economics Letters 129. Art. no. 109200), as discriminatory pricing alters the relative strengths of the business-stealing, business-creation and production-(in)efficiency effects.
Wann und wo ist nû?
Authors: Philipowski Katharina , Zeman Sonja
Published: March 2022

What are the narrative functions of the present tense in medieval narrations? In order to address this question, the paper brings together linguistic observations on tense semantics and a literary analysis of ›Wilhalm von Wenden‹ by Ulrich von Etzenbach. It shows that the present tense can refer to three different kinds of ›now‹, i. e. the ›discourse now‹, the ›story now‹, and the ›recipient’s now‹. In all three contexts, the present tense is not used as a narrative tense but rather indicates a speaker’s voice commenting on the events. This leads to the hypothesis that the development of the ›narrative present‹ (as common in modern novels) is based on two requirements: The decoupling between the ›discourse now‹ and the diegetic world as well as the decoupling between the author and the fictional instance of the narrator.
Health Technology Assessment to assess value of biomarkers in the decision-making process
Authors: Ferraro Simona , Biganzoli Elia Mario , Castaldi Silvana , Plebani Mario
Published: March 2022

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on screening, surveillance, and treatment of several diseases recommend the selective use of biomarkers with central role in clinical decision-making and move towards including patients in this process. To this aim we will clarify the multidisciplinary interactions required to properly measure the cost-effectiveness of biomarkers with regard to the risk-benefit of the patients and how Health Technology Assessment (HTA) approach may assess value of biomarkers integrated within the decision-making process. HTA through the interaction of different skills provides high-quality research information on the effectiveness, costs, and impact of health technologies, including biomarkers. The biostatistical methodology is relevant to HTA but only meta-analysis is covered in depth, whereas proper approaches are needed to estimate the benefit-risk balance ratio. Several biomarkers underwent HTA evaluation and the final reports have pragmatically addressed: 1) a redesign of the screening based on biomarker; 2) a de-implementation/replacement of the test in clinical practice; 3) a selection of biomarkers with potential predictive ability and prognostic value; and 4) a stronger monitoring of the appropriateness of test request. The COVID-19 pandemic has disclosed the need to create a robust and sustainable system to urgently deal with global health concerns and the HTA methodology enables rapid cost-effective implementation of diagnostic tests allowing healthcare providers to make critical patient-management decisions.
Study of plant resources with ethnomedicinal relevance from district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: Maqsood Tasneem , Munawar Tayyaba , Bibi Yamin , El Askary Ahmad , Gharib Amal F. , Elmissbah Tariq E. , Elesawy Basem H. , Qayyum Abdul
Published: March 2022

An ethnomedicinal expedition was conducted to collect and record indigenous knowledge about the use of medicinal plants by local inhabitants of four villages (Chittra, Topi, Pandi, and Kalri) of district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Ethnomedicinal data were obtained from 60 randomly selected local inhabitants of the study area through semi-structured questionnaires and interviews. These data were analyzed quantitatively through different ethnobotanical indices including family importance value, relative frequency of citation, use value (UV), fidelity level (FL), informant consensus factor (ICF), and Jaccard index (JI). our study reported 69 medicinal plants belonging to 39 families. Rosaceae (9 species) was a dominant family of the study area. Herb (54.83%) was dominant growth form of plants used for medicinal purpose. Leaves contributed maximum usage (44.29%) for curing diseases. Decoction (23 records) was most used mode of utilization. Relative frequency of citation and UV ranged from 0.03–0.85 and 0.05–1.17, respectively. There were 4 plant species with 100% FL. Highest ICF (0.88%) was found for gastrointestinal diseases. By comparing results with previous study, JI ranged from 0.54 to 24.43%. Our results found that there were 18 plant species not reported with ethnomedicinal aspect in previous studies from district Bagh region. The research of this study concludes that the area is rich with medicinal plants and the local inhabitant of this area still prefer medicinal plants over allopathic medicines for treating different ailments. Comparative analysis has shown some novel uses of plant species which may be due to cultural differences of the study area. However, awareness and pharmacological study are needed to conserve and unveil pharmaceutically important plants.
Bridging chiral de-tert-butylcalix[4]arenes: Optical resolution based on column chromatography and structural characterization
Authors: Liu Wen-Shan , Li Hong-Ying , Zhang Hai-Xia , Han Xiu-Yuan , Guo Xi-Chun , Ding Chuan-Hua
Published: March 2022

As the third-generation supramolecular main structure, calixarenes, especially chiral calixarenes, have been applied to various fields. In this study, the bridging chiral de-tert-butylcalix[4]arene derivatives with an amide group attached to a chiral point was synthesized for the first time, which provided a new group for its structural derivation at the bridging chiral position. The racemic compound 2 was optically resolved by column chromatography on silica gel with the aid of the chiral auxiliary (1S)-(+)-10-camphorsulfonyl chloride, and finally a pair of optically pure bridging chiral de-tert-butylcalix[4]arene derivatives 4a and 4b were obtained. The results of experimental and calculated ECD showed that compounds 4a and 4b were a pair of enantiomers, and their absolute configurations were designated S and R, respectively. This study provides new idea for the derivatization of specific chiral groups based on bridging chiral calix[4]arenes and their chiral resolution.
An RHCP and LHCP polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna for ISM band smart city applications
Authors: Behera Debakanta , Mishra Debasis , Behera Santanu Kumar , Sooksood Kriangkrai , Mohapatra Sushanta Kumar
Published: March 2022

In this article, a microstrip antenna having circular polarization switching capability is presented. This antenna consists of a circular-shaped radiating patch with a single co-axial probe feed line. The polarization reconfigurability is achieved by introducing four symmetrical U-shaped slots and silicon PIN diodes on the radiating patch. A prototype of the design is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate with overall dimension of 70 × 70 × 1.6 mm to verify the performances. The measured results of the antenna exhibit an impedance bandwidth (S
11 < −10 dB) of 5% in the frequency range of 2.37–2.49 GHz. The maximum gain of the antenna is found to be 2.99 dBic at 2.43 GHz. The antenna shows stable radiation performances at 2.4 GHz with 4.1% of 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth, and more than 105° of 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth for both right-hand circular polarization and left -hand circular polarization which make it suitable for ISM band Smart city applications.
On a Riemann--Hilbert boundary value problem for (ϕ,ψ)-harmonic functions in ℝ
m
Authors: Ricardo José Luis Serrano , Abreu Blaya Ricardo , Bory Reyes Juan , Sánchez Ortiz Jorge
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this paper is to solve a kind of the Riemann–Hilbert boundary value problem for

(
φ
,
ψ
)

{(\varphi,\psi)}

-harmonic functions, which are linked with the use of two orthogonal bases of the Euclidean space

ℝ
m

{\mathbb{R}^{m}}

. We approach this problem using the language of Clifford analysis for obtaining an explicit expression of the solution of the problem in a Jordan domain

Ω
⊂

ℝ
m

{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{m}}

with fractal boundary. Since our study is concerned with a second order differential operator, the boundary data are restricted to involve the higher order Lipschitz class

Lip
⁡

(

1
+
α

,
Γ
)

{\operatorname{Lip}(1+\alpha,\Gamma)}

.
Boron removal from silicon melt by gas blowing technique
Authors: Hoseinpur Arman , Andersson Stefan , Müller Michael , Tang Kai , Safarian Jafar
Published: March 2022

Due to the detrimental effects of boron (B) on the efficiency of silicon (Si) photovoltaic cells, complete boron removal from Si is necessary to produce solar grade Si (SoG–Si, with a maximum limit of 0.1 ppmw boron). Gas refining is a promising technique for boron removal from Si, in which the thermodynamic equilibrium never establishes. Hence, by starting from any B concentration in the melt, the required limit for SoG–Si will be achieved. This research is devoted to studying the refractory interactions’ effect with melt and the chamber atmosphere on boron removal. For this purpose, gas refining experiments were carried out in alumina and graphite crucibles with H2 and H2–3% H2O refining gases. Gas refining in Ar, He, and continuous vacuuming conditions were also carried out to study the effect of chamber atmosphere. The gas refining results are supported by the characterization of the evaporated species by molecular beam mass spectroscopy (MBMS) technique. The MBMS measurements indicated that the boron evaporation occurs by the formation of the volatile species BH
x
, BO
y
, and B
z
H
x
O
y
compounds. Most of these compounds are already known in the literature. However, HBO, HBOH, and AlBO (in the case of alumina refractories) were measured experimentally in this work. Results indicate that the evaporation of B in the form of AlBO
x
compounds leads to higher mass transfer coefficients for boron removal in alumina crucibles. Density-functional theory (DFT) and coupled cluster calculations are carried out to provide a thermodynamic database for the gaseous compounds in the H–B–O–Al system, including enthalpy, entropy, and C
P values for 21 compounds.
Cyberbullying in adolescents: a literature review
Authors: Santre Siriporn
Published: March 2022

Cyberbullying is a universal public health concern that affects adolescents. The growing usage of electronic gadgets and the Internet has been connected to a rise in cyberbullying. The increasing use of the Internet, along with the negative outcomes of cyberbullying on adolescents, has required the study of cyberbullying. In this paper author reviews existing literature on cyberbullying among adolescents. The concept of cyberbullying is explained, including definitions, types of cyberbullying, characteristics or features of victims and cyberbullies, risk factors or causes underlying cyberbullying, and the harmful consequences of cyberbullying to adolescents. Furthermore, examples of programs or intervention to prevent cyberbullying and recommendations for further studies are presented.
On the creep resistance in cast Ni-base superalloys
Authors: Yuan C. , Guo J. T.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we attempt to apply the modified hardening theory to estimate the creep resistance, which is considered as a key factor for controlling the creep deformation mechanism in cast nickel-base superalloys. It is suggested that, when the applied stress is high enough for the dislocations to cut into theγ′ particles, the creep resistance is almost a constant and independent of applied stress. At low applied stress, creep deformation is mainly controlled by dislocations climb, where the creep resistance has two components of a threshold stress and a friction stress. The model is verified for two cast nickel-base superalloys DZ17G and IN738. The results of detailed calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Criteria for developing castable, creep-resistant aluminum-based alloys – A review
Authors: Knipling Keith E. , Dunand David C. , Seidman David N.
Published: March 2022

We describe four criteria for the selection of alloying elements capable of producing castable, precipitation-strengthened Al alloys with high-temperature stability and strength: these alloying elements must (i) be capable of forming a suitable strengthening phase, (ii) show low solid solubility in Al, (iii) low diffusivity in Al, and (iv) retain the ability for the alloy to be conventionally solidified.With regard to criterion (i), we consider those systems forming Al3M trialuminide compounds with a cubic L12crystal structure, which are chemically and structurally analogous to Ni3Al in the Ni-based superalloys. Eight elements, clustered in the same region of the periodic table, fulfill criterion (i): the first Group 3 transition metal (Sc), the three Group 4 transition metals (Ti, Zr, Hf) and the four latest lanthanide elements (Er, Tm, Yb, Lu). Based on a review of the existing literature, these elements are assessed in terms of criteria (ii) and (iii), which satisfy the need for a dispersion in Al with slow coarsening kinetics, and criterion (iv), which is discussed based on the binary phase diagrams.
Ag2Al plates in Al–Ag alloys
Authors: Senapati Sephalika , Kabes Bradley , Heinrich Helge
Published: March 2022

The late stages of precipitation in aluminum-rich Al –Ag alloys with silver contents from 3 at.% to 22 at.% were studied with transmission electron microscopy. Shapes, sizes, and arrangements of plates of the stable hexagonal Ag2Al phase forming on {111} planes of the f.c.c. matrix were analysed. The high-angle annular dark-field contrast in scanning transmission electron microscopy is calibrated. This calibration allows for the quantitative measurement of plate thicknesses from high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron micrographs of Ag2Al plates inclined to the electron beam. Results from these measurements are in good agreement with direct bright-field micrographs of plates viewed edge-on. For samples with silver contents above 12 at.% a parallel lamellar arrangement of fine γ-plates and Al-rich matrix is found after extended heat treatments.
Bulk and surface properties of liquid Ga–Tl and Zn–Cd alloys
Authors: Akinlade O. , Awe O. E.
Published: March 2022

A simple thermodynamic model, based on the formation of self-associates, has been used to correlate the bulk and surface properties of mixing of liquid Ga–Tl and Zn–Cd alloys at temperatures of 973 K and 900 K, respectively. The model enables us to explain the positive deviation of the properties of mixing of the two liquid alloys from the ideal solution behavior. Our calculations indicate that the degree of phase separation in Zn–Cd, as measured using the Warren –Cowley short-range order parameter, is less than that in Ga–Tl.With regards to the surface, we show that the surface decomposition in Zn–Cd liquid alloys is greater than in Ga–Tl. We explain the contrast in the bulk and surface properties in terms of the possible roles of the entropic and enthalpic effects on the properties of mixing.
Fragility, kinetic stability and phase separations in the undercooled state of bulk glass formers – a case study on metallic model systems
Authors: Wilde Gerhard , Madge Shantanu V.
Published: March 2022

Several Pd-base alloys display a large tendency for glass formation that renders them especially suitable for investigations concerning (metastable) equilibrium properties of the deeply undercooled liquid including the glass transition, since the detrimental interference of premature crystallization can be avoided rather easily compared to other alloy systems. Here, thermodynamic, dynamic, and transport properties were analysed and compared to an Al-rich marginal glass former in the context of a possible relation between fragility, thermodynamic excess and kinetic stability against crystallization. Additionally, the possibility for liquid-phase separation occurring in the undercooled state of bulk glass-forming alloys is analysed as a function of thermal history, and critically discussed with respect of alternative mechanisms that are often summarized as ‘short-range ordering’.
Development of long-period ordered structures during crystallisation of amorphous Mg80Cu10Y10 and Mg83Ni9Y8
Authors: Garcés G. , Pérez P. , González S. , Adeva P.
Published: March 2022

The different transformations occurring during the crystallisation of amorphous Mg80Cu10Y10 and Mg83Ni9Y8 alloys have been elucidated. The formation of several unknown metastable phases was observed. The present work confirms that such phases exhibit long-period structures originated by the periodic alignment of (Y, TM)-layers (TM: transition metal). The long-period stacking-ordered phase, identified in the crystallised Ni-containing alloy, is stable at higher temperatures than that in the Cu-containing alloy.
Evolution of C-rich SiOC ceramics
Authors: Gregori Giuliano , Kleebe Hans-Joachim , Blum Yigal D. , Babonneau Florence
Published: March 2022

In this Part II of the paper on the evolution of carbon-rich Si–O–C polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs), emphasis is placed on the strengths and limitations of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques with high lateral resolution, i. e., electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM). Here, the identical SiOC materials, as described in Part I. EELS studies confirmed the progression of structural rearrangements within the SiOC matrix temperatures exceeding 1200 °C. High-resolution TEM imaging showed that the SiOC matrices are indeed predominantly amorphous even upon high thermal treatment. Energy-filtered TEM analysis revealed, in contrast to the results obtained by Raman spectroscopy (Part I), that the excess free carbon phase undergoes a pronounced rearrangement within the amorphous microstructure. HRTEM characterization revealed the distribution of phases within the amorphous SiOC matrix; information that is not accessible by integral spectroscopic techniques. Discrepancies between the interpretation of experimental results obtained by local versus integral characterization tools are discussed in detail.
Anelastic relaxation and structure of ternary Fe–Al–Me alloys with Me = Co, Cr, Ge, Mn, Nb, Si, Ta, Ti, Zr
Authors: Golovin I. S. , Strahl A. , Neuhäuser H.
Published: March 2022

The anelasticity of binary Fe –Al and ternary Fe –Al –Me (Me = Co, Cr, Ge, Mn, Nb, Si, Ta, Ti, Zr) alloys has been studied by mechanical spectroscopy in the Hz and kHz ranges. Relaxation peaks due to point defects – Snoek effect (S) with carbon interstitial jumps, carbon-vacancy complexes (X peak), Zener effect (Z), dislocations (D), and grain boundaries (GB) – are observed and their changes with addition of the third element are used to corroborate the respective proposed relaxation mechanisms, taking account of the changes of structure and order in the alloys which contain up to 5Co, 25Cr, 25Ge, 5Mn, 0.3Nb, 25Si, 6Ta, 4Ti, and 15Zr (all in at.%), respectively. In addition, some data of ordering temperatures, Curie temperatures, and hardness are provided for several alloys.
Investigation of Cu-graphite composites prepared by electroforming
Authors: Zhao Haijun , Liu Lei , Tang Yiping , Shen Bin , Hu Wenbin
Published: March 2022

In this work, Cu-graphite composites were prepared by electroforming technology in an acidic copper sulfate bath with graphite particles in suspension. The factors affecting the codeposition of graphite particles with copper were studied. At a particle concentration of 20 g l –1, a current density of 3 A dm– 2 and a stirring rate of 100 min–1 graphite content in the composites was 21.7 vol.%.Microhardness and friction coefficient of the composites decreased with increasing graphite content. However, wear mass-loss decreased, but increased with graphite content above 21.7 vol.%. The wear mechanisms of pure Cu and Cu-graphite composites were adhesive wear and delaminating wear, respectively.
Temperature dependence of lattice mismatch and γ′ volume fraction of a fourth-generation monocrystalline nickel-based superalloy
Authors: Diologent Frédéric , Caron Pierre , d’Almeida Thierry , Chambreland Sylvain , Jacques Alain , Bastie Pierre
Published: March 2022

The strain distribution in a new generation nickel-based single crystal superalloy has been determined in the temperature range 293 K– 1598 K. Measurements have been performed using diffraction of high energy synchrotron radiation (150 keV,λ= 0.008 nm) to determine the variations with temperature of the γ/γ′ lattice mismatch and of the γ′ volume fraction. The chemical segregation at the dendrite scale and the internal stress induce a large range of values for the lattice mismatch. The measurements of the γ′ volume fraction determined by X-ray diffraction are in agreement with those obtained by atom probe tomography, image analysis or computation.
Determination of retained austenite in multiphase steels by magnetic force microscopy
Authors: Zens Aloisia Saiz , Appel Tamara , Broekaert Jose A. C. , Friedel Frank
Published: March 2022

The use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the magnetic force mode (MFM) for the determination of austenite (nonmagnetic phase) in duplex and TRIP (transformation-induced plasticity) steels is described. The influence of the sample preparation for the MFM measurements is investigated, showing that a final electropolishing stage is necessary in the case of TRIP-steels.

The results of the determination of austenite in the range of 6 – 15% with AFM were compared with those obtained with electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and light optical microscopy. For TRIP-steels an identification of retained austenite with MFM was found to show a better resolution than classical light optical microscopy.
Microstructure of a Damascene sabre after annealing
Authors: Reibold Marianne , Levin Alexander A. , Meyer Dirk C. , Paufler Peter , Kochmann Werner
Published: March 2022

X-ray phase analysis combined with high-resolution electron microscopy of samples taken from a genuine Damascus sabre after annealing for 24 hat 400 °C and 800 °C followed by slow cooling down to room temperature has led to a better insight into the nature of cementite nanowires, which have been discovered recently. According to the present study, nanowires remained after 400 °C annealing, but disappeared after heat treatment at 800 °C and subsequent cooling down. On the other hand, perlitic cementite has been retained qualitatively after the same treatment. Knowing that the exceptional mechanical properties of Damascene blades disappear after annealing, the present results suggest a significant influence of the nanowires upon these features.
Nanoindentation studies of stamp materials for nanoimprint lithography
Authors: Denkiewicz D. , Landis S. , Ratajczyk L. , Rymuza Z.
Published: March 2022

We tested the nanomechanical properties of various materials (Si, SiO2, Si3N4, AlCu, TiN) for the design of stamps used in nanoimprint lithography. Nanoindentation was used on both insulated and non-insulated areas. The test enabled an estimation of the nanohardness and Young’s modulus of the tested materials (films). The results are very useful for selecting the material for a protective film on the stamps used in nanoinprinting lithography.
Modelling of metal – mould interface resistance in the Al-11.5 wt.% Si alloy casting process
Authors: Mirbagheri S. M. H.
Published: March 2022

A computational model is developed to include heat transfer, effects of resistance of the metal –mould interface, and pressure in the simulation of the solidification process. The simulation of the interface resistance is based on the Zero Thickness Element, utilizing the Finite Element Method. The solid boundary conditions, including contact resistances, have been modified by a pressure gradient in each of the Zero Thickness Elements. The pressure gradient has been modelled on experimental data. In order to verify the computational results, an Al-11.5 wt.% Si alloy has been poured into a permanent mould and the temperature of the interface measured. Then we modelled the effect of metallostatic pressure on the overall heat transfer coefficient in the metal–mould interface. The comparison between the experimental and the simulation results during the solidification process shows a good consistency that confirms the accuracy of the model for the effect of the interface resistance on solidification time.
EBSD and EDX analysis at the cladding–substrate interface of a laser clad railway wheel
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Umar , Klement Uta , Nolze Gert
Published: March 2022

Electron backscatter diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry were used to investigate the intermixed interface produced during laser cladding of a Co – Cr –Mo alloy on a steel substrate. A multi-component system and rapid solidification conditions together lead to a complex microstructure at the interface. The solidification of the cladding starts with the formation of an interface layer, which is about 75 μm in thickness and consists of randomly oriented equiaxed grains of Co–Cr –Fe solid solution and martensite. Orientation analysis of the grains in the interface layer revealed that some grains have a special orientation relationship with the former austenite grains in the heat affected zone but the cladding is not formed by epitaxial growth on the substrate. Intermixing of the materials at the interface is providing a strong bond between the substrate and the cladding. For a grain from the interface layer to emerge as columnar grain in the cladding, it was determined that its <001> crystallographic direction is not supposed to deviate more than 25° from the sample normal direction.
Thermodynamic properties of liquid silver–indium–antimony alloys determined from e.m.f. measurements
Authors: Jendrzejczyk Dominika , Gierlotka Wojciech , Fitzner Krzysztof
Published: March 2022

The thermodynamic properties of liquid Ag–Sb –In alloys were determined using solid oxide galvanic cells with zirconia electrolyte. The following galvanic cells were employed: in the temperature range from 973 to 1200 K.

(I)

R
e

+
 kanthal, 

A
g

x

−

I
n

y

−

S
b

(
1
−
x
−
y
),

I
n

2

O

3

/

/

Z
r
O

2

+

Y

2

O

3

/

/

N
i
O

,

N
i

,

P
t

$$\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{Re}+\text { kanthal, } \mathrm{Ag}_{x}-\mathrm{In}_{y}-\mathrm{Sb}_{(1-x-y),} \\ \mathrm{In}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} / / \mathrm{ZrO}_{2}+\left(\mathrm{Y}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\right) / / \mathrm{NiO}, \mathrm{Ni}, \mathrm{Pt}\end{array}$$

Thermodynamic properties of the liquid phase were described by the Redlich – Kister –Muggianu formula and the phase relations in the ternary system were calculated. The results of the calculations were compared with experimental data available from different literature sources.
A pro-2 group with full normal Hausdorff spectra
Authors: de las Heras Iker , Thillaisundaram Anitha
Published: March 2022

We construct a 2-generated pro-2 group with full normal Hausdorff spectrum

[
0
,
1
]

[0,1]

, with respect to each of the four standard filtration series: the 2-power series, the lower 2-series, the Frattini series, and the dimension subgroup series.
This answers a question of Klopsch and the second author, for the even prime case; the odd prime case was settled by the first author and Klopsch.
Also, our construction gives the first example of a finitely generated pro-2 group with full Hausdorff spectrum with respect to the lower 2-series.
R̥gvedic depictive adjectival compounds and their functions
Authors: Widmer Paul , Scarlata Salvatore
Published: March 2022

The present study provides a survey of the semantics of depictive (in a broad sense, including circumstantials) adjectival compounds in Vedic Sanskrit. Following the typology of depictive constructions developed by Himmelmann & Schultze-Berndt (2005), we structure our classification along the semantic fields that such expressions tend to occur in. Our results show that in Vedic, the use of depictive adjectival compounds spans (almost) the whole gamut of functions reported for depictives in cross-linguistic studies. In Vedic, depictive compounds rank on a par with other strategies of non-finite event elaboration such as participles, verbal adjectives, and action nouns.
Opportunistic predation of Carollia brevicauda (Schinz, 1821) (Chiroptera: Phylostomidae) by Marmosa demerarae (Thomas, 1905) (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Alencastre-Santos Ana Beatriz , Correia Letícia Lima , Sousa Loyriane Moura , Silva Claudia Regina , Vieira Thiago Bernardi
Published: March 2022

Bat predator-prey interactions are still poorly known. Following this diagnosis, this work aims to report an event of opportunistic predation of silky short-tailed bat (Carollia brevicauda) by Long-furred woolly mouse opossum (Marmosa demerarae) in the Brazilian Amazon. The event took place on April 10, 2021, in a cocoa plantation. The bat individual that was preyed upon was an inactive adult female trapped in a mist net, approximately 40 cm from the ground. The predation of bats that are trapped in mist nets reinforces the idea of opportunistic predation and may explain the consumption of a vertebrate by an insectivorous marsupial.
Crystal structure of bis(bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium) tetradecacarbonyltetratelluridopentaferrate(2-), (PPN)2[Fe5Te4(CO)14]
Authors: Kim Kang-Woo , Yang Hyoyi
Published: March 2022

C86H60O14N2P4Fe5Te4, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(No. 2), a = 13.6807(7) Å, b = 18.5116(11) Å, c = 19.3210(10) Å, α = 78.170(2)°, β = 70.1007(18)°, γ = 70.5341(19)°, V = 4314.7(4) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0411, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1234, T = 223 K.
Crystal structure of (E)-amino(2-(thiazol-2-ylmethylene)hydrazineyl)methaniminium nitrate, C10H16N12O6S2
Authors: Jin Ze-Sen , Liu E. , Liu Xiao-jing , Li Zhuang-yu , Jian Fang-fang , Liang Tongling
Published: March 2022

C10H16N12O6S2, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.6977(2) Å, b = 11.5353(3) Å, c = 11.7533(3) Å, α = 67.973(2)°, β = 87.916(2)°, γ = 88.347(2)°, V = 966.69(5) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0290, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0818, T = 170K.
Crystal structure of 4-methyl-4-nitropentanoic acid, C6H11NO4
Authors: Tong Hongjuan , Tang Wenqiang
Published: March 2022

C6H11NO4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 19.1903(7) Å, b = 18.4525(6) Å, c = 9.2197(3) Å, β = 95.879(1)°, V = 3247.61(19) Å3, Z = 16, Rgt
(F) = 0.0495, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1194, T = 173 K.
Supporting the fight against the proliferation of chemical weapons through cheminformatics
Authors: Costanzi Stefano , Slavick Charlotte K. , Abides Joyce M. , Koblentz Gregory D. , Vecellio Mary , Cupitt Richard T.
Published: March 2022

International frameworks have been put in place to foster chemical weapons nonproliferation and disarmament. These frameworks feature lists of chemicals that can be used as chemical weapons or precursors for their synthesis (CW-control lists). In these lists, chemicals of concern are described through chemical names and CAS Registry Numbers®. Importantly, in some CW-control lists, some entries, rather than specifying individual chemicals, describe families of related chemicals. Working with CW-control lists poses challenges for frontline customs and export control officers implementing these frameworks. Entries that describe families of chemicals are not easy to interpret, especially for non-chemists. Moreover, synonyms and chemical variants complicate the issue of checking CW-control lists through names and registry numbers. To ameliorate these problems, we have developed a functioning prototype of a cheminformatics tool that automates the task of assessing whether a chemical is part of a CW-control list. The tool, dubbed the Nonproliferation Cheminformatics Compliance Tool (NCCT), is a database management system (based on ChemAxon’s Instant JChem) with an embedded database of chemical structures. The key feature of the database is that it contains not only the structures of the individually listed chemicals, but also the generic structures that describe the entries relative to families of chemicals (Markush structures).
The influence of structural and chemical parameters on mechanical properties of natural fibers: a statistical exploratory analysis
Authors: Bekraoui Nasr , El Qoubaa Zakaria , Chouiyakh Hajar , Faqir Mustapha , Essadiqi Elhachmi
Published: March 2022

Due to environmental challenges, the demand for natural fibers (NFs) in biocomposites is expanding. Therefore, the study of the mechanical behavior of these natural fibers is increasingly requested. There is more than two thousands species of plant fibers that have been investigated. In this work, a statistical study involving, namely chemical content, mechanical and physical properties is conducted on a set of natural fibers. The relationship between these factors is studied. The Pearson correlation method is applied to investigate the sensitivity between these parameters. For this aim, a selected data set, collected from the literature, has been used. Results show that Young’s modulus exhibits greater correlation with physical and chemical parameters compared to the other mechanical properties. Additionally, the crystallinity index (CI) is a reliable parameter on predicting the mechanical behavior of natural fibers. Moreover, although the MFA° and diameter are important parameters for NFs modeling purpose, the experimental measurement of these two quantities is a source of unbiased interpretation that partially explains the large variation of the mechanical properties, reported in the literature.
Variation in final sheet thickness in case of Sutterby fluid during the calendering process
Authors: Abbas Zaheer , Naeem Ayesha , Khaliq Sabeeh
Published: March 2022

This paper investigates the isothermal calendering process for Sutterby fluid model. Lubrication approximation theory (LAT) is used for the simplification of the governing equations. The perturbation technique is utilized to find the system solution. The zeroth-order and first-order solutions of velocity profile, sheet thickness, pressure gradient and pressure are obtained while numerical solution of other mechanical quantities is evaluated. The values of the parameters influencing the different flow and engineering parameters are obtained through graphs and in a tabular manner. It is observed that the material parameter mainly controls the sheet thickness, roll separating force, flow rate, power input, exiting sheet thickness, and pressure distribution. It is to be noted from the results that with the increase in the material parameter, the sheet thickness and power input increase while roll separating force decreases.
Multiple wide band gaps in a convex-like holey phononic crystal strip
Authors: Jin Jun , Jiang Shan , Hu Hongping
Published: March 2022

A convex-like one-dimensional holey phononic crystal (PnC) strip with multiple wide band gaps but simple construction is investigated. By dint of the unique folding topology constituted by deformable L-shaped connectors and rigid lumps, the wide band gaps can exist with a compact spatial size. Moreover, the geometrical parameters are tunable in a large range. A maximum band gap of up to 63% is achievable. These salient merits outweigh the already published counterparts, enabling the proposed PnC strip to be a more promising candidate for engineering applications. Therefore, we are convinced that such a folding strategy of unit cells provides a practicable direction for the further structural design of PnC devices.