bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical aspects of middle ear tympanokeratoma in dogs diagnosed through advanced imaging, otoendoscopy and histopathological evaluation
Authors: Botelho Cristiane Bazaga , Tortoriello Rafaella , Koch Sandra Nogueira , Fernandes Julio Israel
Published: January 2025

Background

Canine aural cholesteatoma (more appropriately named tympanokeratoma) is an epidermoid cyst whose aetiopathogenesis remains poorly recognised in veterinary medicine. There are a few reports published, possibly because it may be underdiagnosed.

Objectives

To characterise the clinical aspects of dogs with tympanokeratoma, to describe the otoendoscopic, advanced imaging and histopathological findings of tympanokeratoma and to report the best approach to diagnose canine auricular tympanokeratoma in a retrospective study.

Material and Methods

Of 890 dogs with suspected tympanokeratoma and otitis media, 100 animals underwent advanced imaging and otoendoscopy at radiology and dermatology reference centres in Brazil.

Results

Most affected dogs were male (71%) neutered (95%) with an average age of 6.8 years. Ninety‐one of the 100 affected dogs were brachycephalic. Otitis externa (OE; 81%) was the main non‐neurological manifestation observed. The main neurological clinical manifestations observed were: “head tilt” (66%), ataxia (31%) and nystagmus (25%). Advanced imaging findings could not propose a presumptive diagnosis of tympanokeratoma in 60 of 100 (60%) of the dogs. The absence of tympanic membrane and the presence of a dense pearly yellowish material resembling keratin in the tympanic bulla, after myringotomy, was the main otoendoscopic finding. The advanced imaging findings did not correlate with otoendoscopy and histopathological findings in more than half of the dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Tympanokeratoma should be suspected in brachycephalic dogs with OE and peripheral vestibular syndrome, and samples of keratinous material from the middle ear associated with histopathological results may be the best approach for the diagnosis.
Research on microstructure and high-temperature wear properties of laser cladding iron-based coatings
Authors: Long Haiyang , Li Xiaoshuo , Shi Haijiang , Dong Zhen , Li Fuhai , Yan Xingchen , Ma Zhanshan , Wang Bochao , Wang Tao , Wang Yanfeng , Li Xueyong
Published: January 2025

Mechanical components are highly susceptible to wear and tear when operating in harsh environments with high temperatures and heavy loads. Therefore, it is essential to improve the wear resistance of mechanical parts. Laser cladding technology was used to prepare a FeCrSiNiMn iron-based coating on the surface of 2Cr13. The microstructure of the coating and its wear resistance at room temperature and high temperature were studied. The results showed that the average hardness of Fe-based coating was 612.8, 530.6, 492.6, and 471.6 HV0.2 at room temperature, 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C. The average hardness of the coating was more than twice that of the substrate. At room temperature, the average friction coefficient of the substrate and coating was 0.67 and 0.33, and the wear rate was 1.98 × 10−5 and 0.61 × 10−5 mm3/Nm, respectively. The wear resistance of the coating was more than doubled compared to the substrate. Under the high-temperature conditions, the average friction coefficient of the substrate and coating was 0.75 and 0.57, and the wear rate was 5.82 × 10−5 and 3.7 × 10−5 mm3/Nm, respectively. The wear resistance of the coating was about 1.5 times that of the substrate. The wear mechanism of the coating and the substrate at room temperature was abrasive wear and oxidative wear. At high temperatures, the wear mechanism of the coating was adhesive wear and oxidation wear, and the wear mechanism of the substrate was fatigue wear, abrasive wear, and oxidative wear.
3D numerical modeling and simulation of β-Ga2O3 crystal growth by edge-defined film-fed growth method
Authors: Wang Junlan , Li Zaoyang , Qi Chao , Liu Lijun
Published: January 2025

Numerical simulation is an effective approach for improving the edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) of β-Ga2O3 crystals by studying the heat transfer, melt flow, and crystallization interface shape. However, the nonaxisymmetric structure of the EFG furnace, the anisotropy of the β-Ga2O3 crystal, the infrared radiation absorption by free carriers, and the tracking of three-dimensional (3D) crystallization interface shape bring challenges in modeling and simulation. In this study, a global 3D nonaxisymmetric numerical model was established for the growth of ribbon β-Ga2O3 crystals. The anisotropic thermal conduction coupled with the thermal radiation inside the crystal was considered, and the dynamic mesh technique was developed to track the severely deformed crystallization interface. Subsequently, the numerical model was used to study the influences of thermal radiation absorption by free carriers on temperature distribution and crystallization interface shape. The results indicate that the thermal radiation absorption inside the crystal directly affects the shape of the crystallization interface and the stability of crystal growth. Strong radiation absorption leads to a concave crystallization interface, whereas the concavity of the interface shape exhibits a decreasing trend with the increase of crystal height, which is beyond expectation. All these phenomena are related to the heat transfer and temperature distribution in the EFG furnace, and the 3D numerical modeling and simulation are helpful in deeply understanding the reasons behind the phenomena and improving the β-Ga2O3 crystal growth.
A Faster Walking Speed Is Important for Improving Biomechanical Function and Walking Performance in Stroke Survivors
Authors: Jarvis Hannah L. , Nagy Philip , Reeves Neil D.
Published: January 2025

This study compares joint kinematics and kinetics of young stroke survivors who walk <0.79 m/s (slow) or >0.80 m/s (fast) with reference to a healthy able-bodied group and provides clinical recommendations for guiding the gait rehabilitation of stroke survivors. Twenty-two young stroke survivors (18–55 y) were recruited from 6 hospital sites in the United Kingdom. Stroke participants were classified by walking speed as slow (<0.79) or fast (>0.80 m/s), and joint kinematics and kinetics at the pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle were measured during walking on level ground at self-selected speed. Ten walking biomechanical parameters correlated to walking speed (ρ ≥ .550). Stroke survivors in the slow group walked with significantly greater range of sagittal plane pelvic motion (P < .009), reduced range of hip adduction and abduction (P < .011), and smaller peak hip extension angle (P < .011) and hip flexion moment (P < .029) for the paretic limb. For the nonparetic limb, a significantly reduced hip flexion moment (P < .040) was observed compared with the fast group and control. We are the first to report how biomechanical function during walking is compromised in young stroke survivors classified by walking speed as slow (<0.79 m/s) or fast (>0.80 m/s) and propose that these biomechanical parameters be used to inform rehabilitation programs to improve walking for stroke survivors.
The Effect of Shoe Insole Stiffness Modifications on Walking Performance in Older Adults: A Feasibility Study
Authors: White Logan T. , Malcolm Philippe , Franz Jason R. , Takahashi Kota Z.
Published: January 2025

Shoes or insoles embedded with carbon fiber materials to increase longitudinal stiffness have been shown to enhance running and walking performance in elite runners, and younger adults, respectively. It is unclear, however, if such stiffness modifications can translate to enhanced mobility in older adults who typically walk with greater metabolic cost of transport compared to younger adults. Here, we sought to test whether adding footwear stiffness via carbon fiber insoles could improve walking outcomes (eg, distance traveled and metabolic cost of transport) in older adults during the 6-minute walk test. 20 older adults (10 M/10 F; 75.95 [6.01] y) performed 6-minute walk tests in 3 different shoe/insole stiffnesses (low, medium, and high) and their own footwear (4 total conditions). We also evaluated participants’ toe flexor strength and passive foot compliance to identify subject-specific factors that influence performance from added shoe/insole stiffnesses. We found no significant group differences in distance traveled or net metabolic cost of transport (P ≥ .171). However, weaker toe flexors were associated with greater improvement in distance traveled between the medium and low stiffness conditions (P = .033, r = −.478), indicating that individual foot characteristics may help identify potential candidates for interventions involving footwear stiffness modifications.
A 3-Month Dual-Task Exercise Randomized Pilot Trial Improves Dynamic Stability and Coordination in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Alessio Helaine M. , Malay Nancy , Jones Annemarie , Stein Lindsay , Thornburg Taylor , O’Connell Michael , Smith Dean L.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Dual-task (DT) exercises combine both physical and cognitive activities and have the potential to efficiently enhance both physical and cognitive function. Background/Objectives: This study aimed to determine if, compared with exercise-only (EO) and control (C) groups, adults in a DT training program improved measures of cognitive and/or physical functioning. Methods: Thirty-five participants (Mage = 65.7 ± 8.5 years; 74.3% female, 25.7% male) were randomly sorted into EO (n = 15), DT (n = 10), and C (n = 10). EO and DT participated in 3 months of twice weekly, 50-min exercise. DT played cognitive games on a SMARTfit Cognitive-Motor Exercise System during exercise sessions. C did not participate in any supervised sessions. Cognition was assessed with a Cognivue Thrive program. Dynamic stability, coordination, and lower body strength were assessed. Linear mixed-effects models investigated effects for different groups. For outcomes showing significant (p < .05) differences, pairwise t tests were conducted between all treatment and time comparisons. Results: Dynamic stability and coordination improved in DT and EO (p = .002 and .04, respectively), but not in C in the first 6 weeks (p = .58). Cognition and memory did not change over time among the three groups. Conclusion: Healthy, independent-living older adults in either DT or EO improved dynamic stability and coordination over time and DT improved balance and functional mobility more than either EO or C. No improvements in several standard cognition or memory measurements were observed. Significance/Implications: A DT exercise program improved balance and coordination, but not cognition or memory, in healthy, independent-living older adults.
Association of 30-s Sit-to-Stand Power Test Outcome With Body Balance in Physically Active Older Adults
Authors: Monteiro Pedro Henrique Martins , Valenciano Paola Janeiro , Mendes Pedro Henrique Silva , Teixeira Luis Augusto
Published: January 2025

Amount of serial sitting and standing movements has been employed in clinical and research settings to assess legs’ muscular strength. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to test the correlation between the 30-s sit-to-stand power test (30STSp) outcome and body balance in older adults. We evaluated physically active male and female (n = 51) individuals with an age range of 60–80 years (M = 69.29). Participants were assessed on the maximum number of repetitions for 30STSp and on the performance of balance tasks, as follows: quiet standing in unipedal support, unipedal support while alternately touching two targets on the ground with the toe of the nonsupporting foot in either the anteroposterior (AP) or mediolateral (ML) direction, and paced sit-to-stand supported on a narrow bipedal support base. Performance on the balance tasks was measured through smartphone-based triaxial trunk accelerometry (meters per second squared), with analysis made through root mean square for the AP and ML axes. Analysis indicated significant negative correlation coefficients of 30STSp outcome with trunk acceleration on unipedal quiet stance tasks both in the ML (rs = −.46) and AP (rs = −.40) directions and with the AP alternate target touching task for ML trunk acceleration (rs = −.34) and the ML alternate target touching task for AP trunk acceleration (rs = −.31). These results suggest that in active older adults, the 30STSp outcome is associated with balance in unipedal quiet standing and dynamic tasks. Our findings indicate the contribution of balance control in the performance of 30STSp.
Model for sinistral offset of the Cretaceous magmatic arc of southwestern North America along the Nacimiento fault system
Authors: Ingersoll Raymond V.
Published: January 2025

Finite-element paleogeologic restoration of southwestern North America at 60 Ma shows the western edge of Cretaceous granodiorite plutons, formed as a continuous magmatic arc above the Franciscan subduction zone, to be offset ~400 km in southern California, USA. This offset is successfully restored by reversing sinistral slip along a proposed Nacimiento–Caborca–Durango–Zacatecas (NCDZ) fault trace active approximately from 75 Ma to 60 Ma. The Franciscan trench west of the finite-element model can be restored by extending the NCDZ fault northward through coastal Franciscan terrane, where it formed a trench–trench–fault triple junction. As the trench–trench–fault triple junction migrated southeastward along the continental margin, a new forearc margin was exposed sequentially from NW to SE, beneath which the Pelona–Orocopia–Rand Schist was underplated. NCDZ fault displacement occurred concurrently with Laramide flat-slab subduction and intersection of the continental margin with an aseismic oceanic ridge. The trench–trench–fault triple junction would have tracked the intersection point of the NE–SW ridge with the NW–SE continental margin. Tests of this model (following palinspastic restoration) include: (1) The oldest ages of Pelona–Orocopia–Rand Schist should young NW–SE, (2) the initiation of forearc deep-marine sedimentation directly on Mesozoic magmatic-arc basement of Salinia should young NW–SE, (3) the detrital-zircon age spectra and other provenance indicators should correlate with potential source areas, (4) the metamorphic and plutonic belts of the batholithic belt should realign, (5) the Great Valley forearc belts should realign, and (6) the Franciscan belts should realign. Finite-element modeling provides rigorous constraints on paleogeologic and paleogeographic reconstructions and suggests additional avenues of investigation.
Isolated third cranial nerve palsy in benign idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Vellingiri Sureshkumar , Selvaraj Sethuraj , Raveekumaran Vignessh
Published: January 2025

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is marked by increased intracranial pressure without any accompanying evidence of clinical, imaging or laboratory findings of intracranial pathology. In addition to headache, nausea and vomiting, typical symptoms might also include diplopia, photophobia and blurred vision. Third nerve palsy is rarely linked to IIH, although sixth nerve palsy is reported in the majority of individuals with IIH. This paper describes the unique case of a woman patient in her 50s with solitary IIH-related oculomotor nerve palsy. Dilated pupils, ptosis and medial rectus palsy of the right side were observed during the neurological examination, and grade 1 papilledema was found during the fundus examination. Based on the features of elevated intracranial pressure observed on MRI/magnetic resonance venography and CT scans, IIH was recognised as the most plausible explanation for the patient’s symptoms.
Sharing data matters: exploring the attitudes of older consumers on an emerging healthy ageing data platform using electronic health records for research
Authors: Naude Kim , Snowdon David A , Parker Emily , McNaney Roisin , Srikanth Velandai , Andrew Nadine E
Published: January 2025

Background

In Australia, with the recent introduction of electronic health records (EHRs) into hospitals, the use of hospital-based EHRs for research is a relatively new concept. The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes of older healthcare consumers on sharing their health data with an emerging EHR-based Research Data Platform within the National Centre for Healthy Ageing.

Methods

This was a qualitative study. Two workshops were conducted in March 2022 with consumer representatives across Peninsula Health, Victoria, Australia. The workshops comprised three parts: (1) an ice-breaker (2) an introduction to EHR-based research through the presentation of ‘use case’ scenarios and (3) focus group discussions. Qualitative data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Consumer participants (n=16) were aged between 62 and 83 years and were of mixed gender. The overarching theme was related to trust in the use of EHR data for research; themes included: (1) benefits of sharing data, (2) uncertainty around data collection processes and (3) data sharing fears. The three themes within the overarching theme all reflect participants’ levels of trust.

Conclusion

Our study identified fundamental issues related to trust in the use of EHR data for research, with both healthcare and broader societal factors contributing to consumer attitudes. Processes to support transparent and clear communication with consumers are essential to support the responsible use of EHR data for research.
Impact of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic on the patient journeys of those with a newly diagnosed paediatric brain tumour in the UK: a qualitative study
Authors: Akhter Kalsoom , Casson Roland , Brewster Liz , Burke G A Amos , Kilday John-Paul , Macarthur Donald , Isba Rachel , Jalloh Ibrahim
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To explore the impact of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis, management and patient journey for children and young people with a newly diagnosed brain tumour in the UK.

Design

Exploratory qualitative study focused on patient journeys from multiple perspectives, conducted as part of a wider mixed-methods study.

Setting

Three paediatric oncology tertiary centres in the UK.

Participants

10 children and young people with brain tumours (n=6 females, n=4 males), 20 caregivers (n=16 females, n=4 males) and 16 stakeholders (specialist nurses, consultant neurosurgeons and oncologists, and representatives from brain tumour charities) were interviewed between January 2022 and June 2023.

Results

The paper incorporates multiple perspectives, including those of children and young people, parents/caregivers, clinical staff and charity representatives, to explore the patient journey. Five themes describe the journey for new patients with paediatric brain tumour during the pandemic, focusing on (1) challenges getting into the healthcare system, (2) managing as a family during restrictions imposed by the pandemic, (3) complexities of building a cohesive and supportive healthcare team, (4) difficulties caregivers experienced in accessing practical and emotional support in hospital and (5) ongoing difficulties experienced by families in the community.

Conclusions

Findings from this study offer practical insights from children, parents/caregivers and relevant stakeholders to improve the healthcare system during future disruptions. Overall, this study not only sheds light on the challenges faced by families during the pandemic but also provides suggestions for improving healthcare services to ensure a more comprehensive and effective response in times of crisis.
IMPACT-ICU feasibility study: pragmatic mixed-methods randomised controlled trial of a follow-up care intervention for survivors of critical illness and caregivers
Authors: Jawa Natasha Arianne , Maslove David M , Sibley Stephanie , Muscedere John , Hunt Miranda , Hanley Michaela , Boyd Tracy , Westphal Robin , Mathur Sunita , Fakolade Afolasade , Tryon Michelle , Boyd John Gordon
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Survivors of critical illness and their caregivers are at risk for long-term cognitive, physical and psychiatric impairments known as post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) and PICS-family, respectively. This study will assess the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating an intensive care unit (ICU) follow-up care bundle versus standard-of-care for ICU patients and their caregivers.

Methods and analysis

This is a single-centre feasibility study. Survivors of critical illness will be eligible if: age ≥18 years, life expectancy ≥6 months and high risk for PICS. We define high risk as ICU stay ≥4 days or involving 1+ of mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, delirium or lack of access to a primary care physician (PCP). 20 ICU survivor-primary caregiver dyads will be enrolled (n=10 dyads per group) and randomised 1:1 to the intervention versus control group. The intervention will be: (1) diaries to journal patient experiences, (2) information packages on expectations post-discharge and (3) specialised follow-up care at 1 and 3 months post-discharge. The control group will receive standard of care in the ICU and follow-up with their PCP. The primary outcome is feasibility, defined as: (1) consent rate >80%, (2) enrolment rate of 4 participants/month, (3) follow-up rate>70% and (4) data capture rate >80%. Our secondary objective is to explore the perspectives of survivors of critical illness and their families about the intervention and their participation in the study. Tertiary outcomes will be a battery of cognitive, physical functioning and psychiatric outcomes.

Implications

Survivorship from critical illness extends beyond surviving an ICU stay. This project will lay the foundation for performing a large, multicentre pragmatic RCT with survivors of critical illness and their caregivers, paving the way for improved long-term healthcare.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has received approval (6039808) from the Queen’s University Health Sciences/Affiliated Teaching Hospitals Research Ethics Board. Results will be presented at critical care conferences. A lay summary co-designed with ICU survivor participants will be provided to patients.

Trial registration number

NCT06681649.
Predictive value of cough peak flow for successful extubation in mechanically ventilated patients after craniotomy: a single-centre prospective diagnostic study
Authors: Zhou Jianfang , Li Hong-Liang , Luo Xu-Ying , Chen Guang-Qiang , Yang Yan-Lin , Zhang Linlin , Xu Ming , Shi Guang Zhi , Zhou Jian-Xin
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the cough peak flow (CPF) for successful extubation in postcraniotomy critically ill patients.

Design

This was a single-centre prospective diagnostic study.

Setting

The study was conducted in three intensive care units (ICUs) of a teaching hospital.

Participants

Postcraniotomy patients who were 18 years or older, stayed in ICU for more than 24 hours and underwent mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours were eligible for the study. Patients were excluded if one of the following was present: no extubation attempt during the ICU stay; underwent tracheostomy without extubation attempt; pregnant or lactating women; enrolled in other clinical trials; declined to participate in the study. A total of 4879 patients were screened and 1037 were eligible for the study, among whom 785 were included in the study.

Outcome measures

CPF, including involuntary (CPF-invol) and voluntary CPF (CPF-vol), were measured before extubation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to explore the diagnostic accuracy of CPF in predicting successful extubation.

Results

There were 641 successful extubation cases (81.7%). The AUC of CPF-invol for predicting successful extubation was 0.810 (95% CI 0.766 to 0.854), with a cut-off value of 63.2 L/min, a sensitivity of 87.4% and a specificity of 66.7%. For conscious patients, the AUC of CPF-invol for the prediction of successful extubation was 0.849 (95% CI 0.794 to 0.904), with a cut-off value of 63.2 L/min and the AUC of CPF-vol was 0.756 (95% CI 0.696 to 0.817), with a cut-off value of 68.2 L/min.

Conclusions

The CPF was much higher in patients with successful extubation than that in patients with failed extubation. CPF might be valuable for the prediction of extubation outcomes in postcraniotomy critically ill patients. Multicentre studies could be carried out to further validate the results of this study.

Trial registration number

NCT04000997.
Individualised acute normovolaemic haemodilution for non-cardiac surgery with anticipated high-dose red cell transfusion: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in West China Hospital of Sichuan University
Authors: Liao Chenxi , Tan Jinzhe , An Jingjing , Zhong Jie , Lai Xingning , Tian Leilei , Liao Ren
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Acute normovolaemic haemodilution (ANH) is a perioperative blood management technique involving the removal of whole blood and simultaneous infusion of colloids or crystalloids to achieve haemodilution while maintaining normovolaemia. However, its efficacy in reducing the requirement for perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion remains controversial due to inconsistent findings in the literature. An individualised red cell transfusion strategy, guided by the West China Liu’s Score, has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing the need for allogeneic red cell transfusion. Building on this evidence, we propose an individualised ANH approach and hypothesise that individualised ANH, guided by the West China Liu’s Score, can reduce the requirement for allogeneic red cells during the perioperative period.

Methods and analysis

This is a single centre, prospective, randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate the superiority of the individualised ANH, based on the West China Liu’s Score, in reducing perioperative red cell requirements compared with current clinical practice. Adult patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery with an anticipated red cell transfusion volume exceeding eight units (or 1600 mL) will be enrolled and randomly allocated to either the ‘ANH group’ or the ‘Control group’ in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome is the perioperative consumption of the allogeneic red blood cells. Data analysis will adhere to the intent-to-treat principle.

Ethics and dissemination

The study protocol (V.1.0) has been approved by the Biological Medical Ethical Committee of the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, with approval No. 2024(595) on 17 April 2024. The results of this trial will be disseminated by publication in peer-reviewed journals and academic conference presentations.

Trial registration number

National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry,NCT06399536. 2 May 2024.
Exploring the incidence and influencing factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic bariatric surgery: a protocol for a retrospective observational study
Authors: Tan Juan , Liu Haibei , Tan Lin , Fu Qiang
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The global prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities is rising, with bariatric surgery emerging as a highly efficacious intervention for obese patients. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication following bariatric surgery, with a standardised protocol for its prevention and management yet to be established. This study aims to determine the incidence and the influencing factors of PONV following various types of bariatric surgeries, thereby facilitating the targeted prevention strategies.

Methods and analysis

This retrospective, single-centre observational study will be conducted at the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, with an expected enrolment of 2500 patients who have undergone laparoscopic bariatric surgery from December 2019 to April 2024. The study aims to collect data regarding the incidence of PONV and analyse the potential risk and protective factors associated with its development in this patient population.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the ethics committees of the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu. Given the retrospective nature of the study, informed consent was waived by the ethics committee, and all patient data were anonymised to safeguard privacy prior to the study authors’ visit. The results of this study will be presented at various academic and healthcare conferences, spanning local to international levels and will also be submitted for publication in reputable, peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

This study has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR) under registration number ChiCTR2400088738.
Association between chronic respiratory diseases and frailty in Chinese elderly: a population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Guo Dan , Huang Ke , Guan Xiaolong , Ding Ruoxi , Zhu Dawei , Zhao Yanan , Yang Ting , He Ping
Published: January 2025

Background

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) have been shown to be associated with frailty, but these findings have not yet reached a consensus. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between CRDs and frailty in the elderly using a nationally representative data from China.

Methods

Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analysed, including 3309 frailty-free participants followed for three waves from 2011. Frailty was assessed using the physical frailty phenotype scale, and CRDs were conformed by self-reported physician diagnoses. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between baseline CRDs and subsequent frailty.

Results

Among participants (mean age 67.07 years, 51.53% male), 497 (15.02%) had CRDs. During a mean follow-up of 46 months, 273 (8.25%) participants developed frailty. The incidence rate of frailty was significantly higher in the CRDs group (37.17% per 1000 person-years vs 18.41% per 1000 person-years, p<0.01). Adjusted for covariables, participants with CRDs had a 44% higher risk of developing frailty (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.91). Specifically, asthma only (HR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.07 to 3.33) and asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) (HR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.69) were associated with a higher risk of frailty among the elderly, while COPD only was not (HR=1.11, 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.65).

Conclusion

This study shows a significant association between CRDs, particularly asthma only and ACO, and frailty in the elderly. We need to pay attention to the frailty status of CRDs patients and consider routine screening among them in both clinical practice and community settings. Active treatment and control of CRDs are necessary to avoid frailty caused by primary lung disease progression or exacerbation.
Construction of exosome non-coding RNA feature for non-invasive, early detection of gastric cancer patients by machine learning: a multi-cohort study
Authors: Cai Ze-Rong , Zheng Yong-Qiang , Hu Yan , Ma Meng-Yao , Wu Yi-Jin , Liu Jia , Yang Lu-Ping , Zheng Jia-Bo , Tian Tian , Hu Pei-Shan , Liu Ze-Xian , Zhang Lin , Xu Rui-Hua , Ju Huai-Qiang
Published: January 2025

Background and objective

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a prevalent and preventable disease, yet accurate early diagnostic methods are lacking. Exosome non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), a type of liquid biopsy, have emerged as promising diagnostic biomarkers for various tumours. This study aimed to identify a serum exosome ncRNA feature for enhancing GC diagnosis.

Designs

Serum exosomes from patients with GC (n=37) and healthy donors (n=20) were characterised using RNA sequencing, and potential biomarkers for GC were validated through quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in both serum exosomes and tissues. A combined diagnostic model was developed using LASSO-logistic regression based on a cohort of 518 GC patients and 460 healthy donors, and its diagnostic performance was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results

RNA sequencing identified 182 candidate biomarkers for GC, of which 31 were validated as potential biomarkers by qRT-PCR. The combined diagnostic score (cd-score), derived from the expression levels of four long ncRNAs (RP11.443C10.1, CTD-2339L15.3, LINC00567 and DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene (DGCR9)), was found to surpass commonly used biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and CA72-4, in distinguishing GC patients from healthy donors across training, testing and external validation cohorts, with AUC values of 0.959, 0.942 and 0.949, respectively. Additionally, the cd-score could effectively identify GC patients with negative gastrointestinal tumour biomarkers and those in early-stage. Furthermore, molecular biological assays revealed that knockdown of DGCR9 inhibited GC tumour growth.

Conclusions

Our proposed serum exosome ncRNA feature provides a promising liquid biopsy approach for enhancing the early diagnosis of GC.
When should doctors nudge? Nudging and preference-sensitive care
Authors: Miyata Ainar
Published: January 2025

When should doctors nudge their patients towards the treatments they think are best? If the nudge is compatible with the patient giving informed consent, then the nudge could be permissible. To be compatible with informed consent, the nudge must, at minimum: (1) not make the patient’s understanding worse and (2) not make it hard for the patient to resist consenting. Arguably, many nudges will meet these criteria. However, since unjustified nudging, in this context, would also be unjustified paternalism, the permissibility of nudging hinges on whether it is justified. Perhaps surprisingly, this is often not the case. In situations where the best medical judgement does not conclusively favour a single course of action but there are multiple viable options, patient preference ought to be the deciding factor. In such contexts of
preference-sensitive care
, there is no good reason for doctors to nudge the patient towards a specific course of action, and hence, nudging is unjustified. Outside such contexts, nudging may be both justified and permissible.
Efficacy and safety of jaktinib hydrochloride tablets in active axial spondyloarthritis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial
Authors: Wang Juan , Bao Chunde , Dai Qing , Xu Antao , Ye Yan
Published: January 2025

Objective

The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of jaktinib hydrochloride tablets (jaktinib), a Janus kinase inhibitor, in patients with active radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA).

Methods

Adults with active r-axSpA who met modified New York criteria and had an inadequate response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were randomised 1:1:1 to receive jaktinib 75 mg two times per day, 100 mg two times per day, or placebo. The primary and key secondary endpoints were Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society 20 (ASAS 20) and ASAS 40 responses, respectively, at week 16. Safety was evaluated by analysing adverse events.

Results

A total of 107 patients with active r-axSpA were randomised (jaktinib 75 mg two times per day, n=35; jaktinib 100 mg two times per day, n=36; placebo, n=36). In the ASAS20 response rates, the 100 mg two times per day group had the highest response at 61.1%, followed by the 75 mg two times per day group at 57.1%, and the placebo group had the lowest at 33.3% for the 16 weeks of treatment. The ASAS40 response rates were significantly higher with jaktinib (100 mg two times per day group: 47.2%, 75 mg two times per day group: 37.1%) compared with placebo (13.9%). The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events in the 75 mg two times per day, 100 mg two times per day and placebo groups was 88.6% versus 94.4% versus 86.1%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference among the three groups. No major adverse cardiovascular events, malignancy, thromboembolism or deaths were reported.

Conclusions

Jaktinib showed good efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of active r-axSpA, with the 100 mg two times per day showing a trend towards better efficacy.

Trial registration number

NCT04507659.
Anatomy of vector-like top-quark models in the alignment limit of the 2-Higgs Doublet Model Type-II
Authors: Arhrib A. , Benbrik R. , Boukidi M. , Manaut B. , Moretti S.
Published: January 2025

A comprehensive extension of the ordinary 2-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM), supplemented by vector-like quarks (VLQs), in the “alignment limit” is presented. In such a scenario, we study the possibility that large hadron collider (LHC) searches for VLQs can profile their nature too, i.e., whether they belong to a singlet, doublet, or triplet representation. To achieve this, we exploit both standard model (SM) decays of VLQs with top-(anti)quark electromagnetic (EM) charge (T), i.e., into b, t quarks and $$W^\pm , Z,h$$

W
±

,
Z
,
h

bosons (which turn out to be suppressed and hence T states can escape existing limits) as well as their exotic decays, i.e., into b, t (and possibly B) quarks and $$H^\pm , H, A$$

H
±

,
H
,
A

bosons. We show that quite specific decay patterns emerge in the different VLQ representations so that, depending upon which T signals are accessed at the LHC, one may be able to ascertain the underlying beyond standard model (BSM) structure, especially if mass knowledge of the new fermionic and bosonic sectors can be inferred from (other) data.
Self-assembly of metallic MEMS using Casimir forces: Fabrication, simulation and characterization
Authors: Hillmer H. , Elsaka B. , Kästner P. , Akhundzada S. , Hasan M. K. , Fiedler J. , Buhmann S. Y. , Backes C. , Adam J.
Published: January 2025

A methodology of 3D self-assembly is presented, pairing neighboring electromechanical system (MEMS) elements to create Yin or Yang-shaped structures. After sacrificial layer removal and during the sequential drying process, (i) surface tension forces bring the neighboring MEMS shutter blades very close to each other, and (ii) Casimir forces and van der Waals forces keep the blades attached tightly. Various experimental trials to reopen the tight attachments are reported. The relative significance of fundamental forces during 1D and 3D scaling of the system is presented.
The pseudovariety Com ∗D viewed as a power pseudovariety
Authors: Kad’ourek Jiří
Published: January 2025

The objective of this paper is to document that the pseudovariety equation [Formula: see text] admits a solution [Formula: see text]. This solution [Formula: see text] is a pseudovariety raised up by Almeida in his book on finite semigroups and universal algebra as a prospective candidate for such a solution. This result achieved in the present paper resolves an open problem posed by Almeida in his book a long time ago.
OPTIMIZATION OF CUTTING PARAMETERS FOR FINISH HARD TURNING OF INCONEL 718 USING TiAlN/TiCN-COATED CERMET CNC CUTTING TOOL: A TAGUCHI–RSM ORTHOGONAL ARRAY APPROACH
Authors: VENKATESH R. , ANBUMALAR V. , RAJAKARUNAKARAN S.
Published: January 2025

This research aims to examine flank wear and material removal rates (MRRs) while finish hard turning work material of Inconel 718 with physical vapor deposition involving the process of cathodic arc evaporation TiAlN/TiCN-coated cermet CNC cutting tool insert. The L[Formula: see text]Taguchi orthogonal design array is used for designing the experiments. The aim of this research is to optimize the process key parameters, such as cutting speed, rate of feed, depth of cut, and tool tip radius, in order to reduce flank wear and significantly improve MRR during the dry turning processes. This study examines the critical conditions of cutting parameters that were investigated by using analysis of variance (ANOVA), while the parameters which affect the flank wear and MRRs were optimized using response surface methodology according to the Design of the Taguchi orthogonal test. Mathematical models for both response parameters were derived using regression analysis, namely flank wear and MRR. The generated models achieved an accuracy of roughly 92% and 93% for estimating the flank wear and MRR values, respectively. The study revealed that cutting speed accounted for 34.28% of the most effective parameters in reducing flank wear, subsequently, the depth of cut reached 17.71%. In terms of MRR, the depth of cut accounted for 68.43% of the effectiveness, with a cutting speed of 12.94%. The optimal values for cutting speed, feed, cut depth and tool tip radius, in order to minimize wear, were determined to be 700[Formula: see text]m/min, 0.15[Formula: see text]mm/rev, 1.0[Formula: see text]mm, and 0.4[Formula: see text]mm, respectively. The optimal values for achieving the maximum MRR are 800[Formula: see text]m/min for cutting speed, 0.15[Formula: see text]m/min for rate feed, 2[Formula: see text]mm for cut depth, and 1.2[Formula: see text]mm for tool tip radius. Regression theory is used to construct correlation models, which have been shown to be statistically significant at the 0.05 level. An experimental approach is studied to investigate the coating defects and flaws of worn TiAlN/TiCN-coated cermet inserts using atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Lastly, the creation of chips under optimal conditions has been shown.
NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF A MARKOV-SWITCHING ONE-FACTOR VOLATILITY MODEL WITH NONGLOBALLY LIPSCHITZ CONTINUOUS COEFFICIENTS
Authors: COFFIE EMMANUEL
Published: January 2025

We extend the one-factor stochastic volatility model to incorporate super-linearly growing coefficient terms with a Markov-switching framework. Since the proposed model is intractable analytically, we develop various mathematical techniques to investigate the convergence in probability of the numerical solutions to the true solution under the local Lipschitz condition. Finally, we perform simulation examples to demonstrate the convergence result and justify the result for the Monte Carlo evaluation of some option contracts written on an underlying interest rate whose prices are governed by this model.
Hybrid Dynamics Model of the Train–Rail–Bridge System Based on the Transfer Matrix Method
Authors: Zhong Jiexin , Zhu Zhihui , Wang Yingying , Gong Wei
Published: January 2025

The traditional dynamic analysis method is less efficient in the global and local vibrations analysis of long-span bridge structures. Therefore, to meet the need for an efficient solution of the refined analysis model of the train–track–bridge coupled system (TTBCS), a new hybrid dynamic model of the TTBCS based on the transfer matrix method (TMM) is proposed in this paper. It can solve the local high-frequency vibration response of the track structure and the global and local vibrations responses of the bridge structure simultaneously, accurately, and efficiently. First, according to the periodic characteristics of track and bridge structure, the periodic repeating parts are divided into cellular structures. For the bridge subsystem, fine cells are established to achieve the accurate solution of local vibration, and the rest of the super element cells are established by model condensation technology, which can significantly reduce the number of cells and save the transmission time. The state vector transfer model of the track and bridge subsystem is established based on the TMM, and the coupling calculation is realized by combining rail bridge force. The train system adopts the model of 10[Formula: see text]degrees of freedom and realizes the coupling with the rail system through the wheel–rail interaction force. With the movement of train load, the track and bridge cells established by the hybrid dynamic model approach (HMA) dynamically update the arrangement information, which not only realizes the calculation of ultra-long track based on a fixed number of track cells, but also moves the fine cell models of bridge with the change of load position. These dynamic update measures reduce both the number of cells and transfer solutions, save the transfer time, and further improve the calculation efficiency. Taking CRH-2 EMU passing through a 3-span simply supported steel truss bridge as an example, the results and time-consuming of the direct stiffness method, TMM, and HMA are compared, and the accuracy and efficiency of the hybrid model are proved.
On the Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior of Rotating Nanocomposite Sandwich Disk with Porous Core and Titanium Alloy Face Sheets
Authors: Yang Minge , He Junyi , Yue Qiqing , Chen Siwei
Published: January 2025

This research presents an analysis on the nonlinear dynamics of rotating sandwich disk with different edge conditions subjected to the transverse pulse loadings. It is assumed that the annular sandwich plate is made from Titanium alloy face sheets and a metal-based porous composite core reinforced by graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). The aluminum core of the sandwich plate is assumed to be multi-layered as each layer have different porosities. The effective material properties of the porous nanocomposite core are predicted by a generic Halpin–Tsai model where the porosity is included. In the framework of the first-order shear deformation theory and the von-Kármán nonlinearity, the nonlinear equations of motion are formulated using Hamilton’s principle. The nonlinear governing equations are reduced by employing the Galerkin method and the fourth-order Runge–Kutta technique is applied to solve the final differential equations. The influences of material properties and geometrical parameters on the nonlinear dynamic response of the annular sandwich plate are investigated in detail.
Intersection matrices for special fibers of X0(pr) with r ∈{3,4}
Authors: Banerjee Debargha , Chaudhuri Chitrabhanu , Majumder Priyanka
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we explicitly compute intersection matrices for modular curves of the form [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and for prime [Formula: see text]. As an application, we compute an asymptotic expression for the Arakelov self-intersection number of the relative dualizing sheaf of Edixhoven’s minimal regular model for the modular curve [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text], as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as above.
Finite groups with some weakly SΦ-supplemented subgroups
Authors: Asaad Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite group. A subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is called [Formula: see text]-permutable in [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] permutes with every Sylow subgroup of [Formula: see text] A subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is called weakly [Formula: see text]-supplemented in [Formula: see text] if there exists a subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the Frattini subgroup of H and [Formula: see text] is the subgroup of [Formula: see text] generated by all these subgroups of [Formula: see text] that are [Formula: see text]-permutable in [Formula: see text] Using this concept, some results for a group to be [Formula: see text]-nilpotent and supersolvable are given. These results improve and extend some new and recent results in the literature.
On 1-w-cotorsion modules and Prüfer v-multiplication domains
Authors: Pu Yongyan , Zhao Wei , Tang 0000-0002-5237-3840 Gaohua , Wang 0000-0003-1940-1587 Fanggui , Xiao Xuelian
Published: January 2025

In this paper, [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-cotorsion modules are introduced and studied. It is shown that an integral domain [Formula: see text] is a PVMD if and only if [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-cotorsion [Formula: see text]-modules are injective if and only if all [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-cotorsion [Formula: see text]-modules are [Formula: see text]-FP-injective.