bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFOTERM – Information Disseminating Centre for Terminology
Authors: AUKSORIŪTĖ Albina
Published: December 2014

International Information Centre for Terminology (INFOTERM) was founded in 1971 by contract with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Austrian Standards Institute (ASI). In 1996, INFOTERM was reorganized and established as an independent non-profit organization. INFOTERM promotes and supports the cooperation of existing and the establishment of new terminology centres and networks with the general aim to improve domain communication, knowledge transfer and provision of content with view to facilitating the participation of all in the global multilingual knowledge society. The article presents not only a history of the foundation of INFOTERM, the tasks and activities of INFOTERM and its members, which are international, regional or national terminology institutions, organizations and networks, as well as specialized public or semi-public or other non-profit institutions engaged in terminological activities, but also analyses “Guidelines for terminology policies”, preparied by INFOTERM, and cooperation between INFOTERM and the Institute of the Lithuanian Language.In conclusion, the experience and sharing expertise of INFOTERM regarding harmonized methods and guidelines for terminology management and policies, the management of terminology centres, terminology standardization, the use of terminological data, methods and tools in all applications etc are very important for all countries and language communities especially for countries and language communities with less mature terminologies. The Institute of the Lithuanian Language as a member of INFOTERM has a possibility to get information on terminology research and training, terminology publications, terminological events and activities all over the world.
Nursing Students’ Perceptions of their Knowledge of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues: Effectiveness of a Multi-Purpose Assignment in a Public Health Nursing Class
Authors: Carabez Rebecca , Pellegrini Marion , Mankovitz Andrea , Eliason Michele J. , Dariotis Wei Ming
Published: December 2014

Nurses work with diverse populations, but the nursing literature lacks research, theoretical frameworks, or practice guidelines regarding lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health. Through diverse teaching strategies, students explored issues related to LGBT patients, families, and nurses using a cultural humility lens. Diverse teaching strategies included readings, a 2-hour presentation on LGBT health issues, and an assignment to conduct a scripted interview with two nurse key informants, based on the Health Care Equality Index (HEI). Students completed an online LGBT awareness preinterview survey, completed interviews, and completed a postinterview survey. Students showed a significant increase in knowledge about sexual orientation and gender identity and research and interview methods from pretest to posttest. The diverse teaching strategies involved in this assignment can enhance student knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to LGBT health care needs and increase appreciation of nursing research. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(1):50–53.]
Priming
Authors: Bermeitinger Christina
Published: December 2014

This chapter is about the wide variety of priming encountered in cognitive and social psychology. In cognitive psychology, the priming paradigm is mainly used to study memory phenomena or the pre-activation of concepts and motor reactions by related stimuli. In social psychology, the term priming is used for a broader range of phenomena in which an event triggers a subsequent behavior. In this chapter, some definitions of priming and the origin of the term's use in psychology are presented. Then, the chapter examines different types and variants of priming as well as their features and principal elements, using seven organizing principles. After this methodical and empirical classification, some important theories of response priming, semantic priming, affective/evaluative priming, negative priming, and macro-level priming are summarized. Last but not least, some general questions and problems in priming research are outlined and a brief outlook is given.
Individual Differences in Implicit Learning
Authors: Nakamura Daisuke
Published: December 2014

This chapter reviews research on whether individual differences in psychometric intelligence, working memory, and other less investigated variables, such as emotion and personality, affect implicit learning, with particular focus on Reber's evolutionary theory and Kaufman's dual-process theory for implicit learning. The review shows that while the null effects of psychometric intelligence on implicit learning seems robust as both theories claim, those of working memory were unclear due to methodological insufficiency. For the effects of emotion and personality, further investigation is needed as studies in this direction have just begun to proliferate. The chapter concludes that the research findings on the effects of these individual difference variables on implicit learning are still inconclusive, except for psychometric intelligence, and provides suggestions for future research.
Rethinking Bloom's Taxonomy
Authors: Crawford Caroline M. , Smith Marion S.
Published: December 2014

Implicit cognition is an intriguing area of focus when one considers the impact of implicit memory theories upon each learner's cognitive vulnerability when framed through Bloom's Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain. Specifically, consider the learner's cognitive understanding and movement from the lower order thinking skills, say from the Knowledge realm and Comprehension realm, towards the higher order thinking skills, Synthesis realm and Evaluation realm, or one of the revised domains to reflect Digital Age expectations. Although much is available on the different levels of cognitive achievement, the “in between” leaps in a learner's ability to work with the information in new and different manners may suggest that the cognitive vulnerability may impact the learner's implicit memory and the learner's movement between different taxonomic levels of informational understanding.
Implicit Processes and Emotions in Stereotype Threat about Women's Leadership
Authors: Kelso Gwendolyn A. , Brody Leslie R.
Published: December 2014

Stereotype threat about leadership ability may trigger emotional and cognitive responses that reduce women's leadership aspirations. This chapter reviews literature and presents a study on the effects of implicit (covert) and explicit (overt) leadership stereotype threat on women's emotions, power-related cognitions, and behaviors as moderated by exposure to powerful female or male role models. Emotional responses were measured using self-report (direct) and narrative writing (indirect) tasks. Undergraduate women (n = 126) in the Northeastern U.S. were randomly divided into three stereotype threat groups: none, implicit, and explicit. Implicit stereotype threat resulted in higher indirectly expressed (but not self-reported) anxiety, behaviors that benefited others more than the self, and when preceded by exposure to powerful female role models, higher self-reported negative emotion but also higher indirect positive affect. Explicit stereotype threat resulted in higher indirect optimism, and when preceded by exposure to powerful female role models, lower self-reported sadness but also lower implicit power cognitions.
Smoking, Implicit Attitudes, and Context-Sensitivity
Authors: Glock Sabine , ten-Cate Ineke M. Pit
Published: December 2014

This chapter focuses on implicit attitudes toward smoking and provides the first systematic review of research in this domain. Implicit attitudes are suggested to guide automatic behavior, thereby playing a pivotal role for automatic processes inherent in addictive behaviors. This chapter further explores the extent to which implicit attitudes are context-sensitive. More specifically, it reviews studies that have focused on the differential effects of external cues such as warning labels and internal cues (e.g., deprivation). Results of 32 studies show that although smokers generally have more positive implicit attitudes than non-smokers, the valence of implicit attitudes varies as a result of the applied method or stimuli. Studies reveal that implicit attitudes toward smoking partly depend on external cues, especially outcome expectancies. Similarly, internal cues affect implicit attitudes whereby the level of nicotine deprivation seems vital. Implications for intervention and future research are indicated in the discussion.
Function over Form
Authors: O'Reilly Anthony G. , Roche Bryan , Cartwright Aoife
Published: December 2014

Research surrounding the construct of “implicit attitudes” and the various methodologies for measuring that construct is currently founded on the social cognitive paradigm. However, no robust and agreed upon theoretical framework has emerged from this paradigm, despite the widespread adoption of implicit testing methodologies and their associated theoretical assumptions. The current chapter outlines a functional approach to implicit testing, describing research stemming from Relational Frame Theory that was developed in parallel with the emergence of the IAT, and arguing for the benefits of connecting these two strands of research to improve the understanding of attitude behaviors and create better understood implicit testing methodologies. The chapter concludes with descriptions of two examples of such methodologies: the IRAP and the FAST.
The Role of Implicit Mechanisms in Buffering Self-Esteem from Social Threats
Authors: Leitner Jordan B. , Forbes Chad E.
Published: December 2014

Previous research has demonstrated that people have the goal of self-enhancing, or viewing themselves in an overly positive light. However, only recent research has examined the degree to which the relationship between self-enhancement goals and outcomes are a result of explicit deliberative mechanisms or implicit automatic mechanisms. The current chapter reviews evidence on unconscious goal pursuit, autobiographical memory, social neuroscience, and implicit self-esteem that suggests that implicit mechanisms play a powerful role in producing self-enhancement outcomes. Furthermore, this chapter reviews evidence that these implicit mechanisms are activated by social threats and thus contribute to successful coping. Finally, the authors discuss the implications of implicit self-enhancement mechanisms for targets of stigma, individuals who frequently encounter threats to well-being.
How Social Factors Influence Implicit Knowledge Construction on the Internet
Authors: Antonova Albena
Published: December 2014

The influence of Internet on knowledge acquisition increases as it became the primary source of reference, especially for young generations. Therefore, it is important to understand how social factors and Internet influences not only explicit but also implicit knowledge construction. Several theories explain the impact of the social groups on the knowledge formation as Social Cognitive Theory of Bandura and Lay Epistemic Theory of Kruglanski. Thus, the authors propose an analysis of the implicit knowledge construction processes through the theoretical overview of Internet communication. More specifically, they discuss how the mechanisms of Internet increase the social and group impact on the implicit knowledge processes.
Unraveling a Progressive Inquiry Script in Persistent Virtual Worlds
Authors: Pellas Nikolaos
Published: December 2014

The radical utilization of collaborative learning processes in Three-Dimensional (3D) multi-user virtual worlds has been widely investigated. However, a study to delineate a comprehensive pedagogical model aimed at facilitating the same productive-argumentative knowledge practices is still lacking. This chapter presents the most reliable principles of contemporary socio-cognitive learning theories and teaching models. These socio-cognitive constructs can reinforce the majority of collaborative social-cultural students' pursuits and capabilities in the learning process in order to better handle their cohesion or coordination with other peers in 3D multi-user virtual worlds. Consequently, with the adaptation of the Progressive Inquiry (PI) teaching model, this chapter proposes a novel framework for the implementation of this model in online collaborative processes that can be held in 3D multi-user virtual worlds. Educational implications for a reputable instructional format with the conjunction of the PI model and further suggestions are also discussed.
Learning in Video-Mediated Classes
Authors: Andreasen Karen E. , Rasmussen Palle
Published: December 2014

Modern technology and improved video technology have widened the possibilities of offering young people in peripheral regions of countries education, and in recent years, several innovation projects using video-mediated teaching have been implemented in Denmark and in the Nordic countries. In the Danish region, a comprehensive innovation project including video-mediated simultaneous teaching at two locations was implemented in 2008-2010 for students at a General Adult Education Centre. Drawing on Etienne Wenger's (2004) theory about learning and communities of practice and on theoretical perspectives from architecture on space and learning, the chapter discusses results from the dialogue research related to the project. Results indicate that video-mediated teaching has a significant impact on student participation and that it appears to be demanding for some students, especially students with social or academic problems.
Collaborative Music Making and Artistic Agency
Authors: Johansson Karin
Published: December 2014

The focus of this chapter is on musical agency in professional contexts and in Higher Music Education (HME). What is musical agency? How can musical agency be investigated, promoted, and developed? Cultural-historical activity theory approaches hold a potential for exploring and answering such questions with a dialectical perspective on creativity. Three examples of interventionist studies from a one-to-one teaching situation, a professional improvisation project, and a student string quartet are given. They illustrate how individual musical acts influence and transform collective music making. Methodological conclusions are drawn and suggestions are made for the development of intervention studies of musical practice inspired by Change Laboratory methodology.
Vocational Learning Mediated by Constructive Competition
Authors: Jonasson Charlotte
Published: December 2014

Competition among students has been found to support motivation, learning, and knowledge if interrelated with collaboration. In this chapter, it is argued that the development of constructive competition is closely related to competitive intentions and material resources. Drawing on activity theory, learning is understood as materially mediated activity in a collective cultural setting and involving transformation of novel concepts and objects. The presented findings in this chapter are based on a field study, where students and teachers participate in activities of vocational learning and preparing for apprenticeship. The findings show that the students' competitive intentions for achieving recognition of their cooking skills mediate engagement and vocational learning for students at risk of dropping out. Findings further suggest that the students' participation in and conceptualization of vocational activities are materially mediated through competitive actions and deployed artifacts like “timing” and use of food ingredients. A central conclusion presented in the chapter is that it is important to take into account the particular competitive intentions and the related mediating artifacts of constructive competition, through which student engagement and learning is developed.
Project-Based Instruction in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language
Authors: Zhao Juanjuan
Published: December 2014

In this chapter, Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) is used as a framework to examine Project-Based Instruction (PBI) in a Chinese foreign language classroom at a U.S. high school. The implementation of PBI arose from an action research project that resulted from a teacher's perceived need to improve students' engagement, cultural knowledge, and communicative language skills. Data collected include interviews, surveys, classroom observations, teacher reflective journals, and student projects. Data is first analyzed thematically and then reframed from the perspective of CHAT. Findings reveal that PBI motivated students in learning, enhanced cultural understanding, and improved their language skills. Despite the positive evaluation of PBI, there are contradictions within the activity reported such as the tool of language as a barrier. Students wanted to keep traditional learning activity and PBI. Furthermore, analysis of the findings suggest that CHAT is a suitable framework for educational research.
Outdoor Science in Teacher Education
Authors: Popov Oleg
Published: December 2014

This chapter is an account of the development of prospective teachers' competence to conduct outdoor science education. At the Department of Science and Mathematics Education, the students participate in outdoor education courses. They also plan, manage, and evaluate outdoor lessons designed as assignments in science education, participation in school practice, and summer courses. Many student teachers evaluate and analyse the pedagogical aspects of outdoor science when they carry out research projects in schools for their graduation thesis work. In order to understand the activity of science teaching and learning outdoors, a qualitative study was conducted. It was based on interviews with teacher educators and included studies of students' examination papers. A Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) lens was applied to the study. The theoretical framework helped to identify the prospective teachers' abilities and skills to design, implement, and evaluate tasks related to the professional competence of delivering outdoor science activities.
Creative Musical Practice in an Educational Context
Authors: Linge Anna
Published: December 2014

This chapter is based on the author's doctoral thesis. She provides an account of a project on creativity in music education, more specifically a musical classroom for developing creativity. The aim of the study is to find examples or mechanisms of creative pedagogy. This study complements the current tradition for studying methods in teaching and learning music. Creative, prescriptive, and communicative designs of teaching and learning interact during sessions of music making. The empirical findings enable a discussion of the conditions that define creative music making as art and/or play as a socio-cultural activity.
Micro-Analysis of Concepts for Developing Networking in Social Work
Authors: Seppänen Laura , Kloetzer Laure
Published: December 2014

Inter-institutional or inter-functional network collaboration at work increasingly provides new challenges for professionals. A developmental network intervention based on the approach of Developmental Work Research was conducted in the field of Social Services for Divorced Families. The objective was to examine cross-functional limitations through joint reflection of examples of clients' trajectories and to discuss possibilities for developing client-oriented network collaboration between services. With the help of interlocutory analysis, the professional concepts in use were tracked in sequences of intervention discussions. The analysis reveals how “hybrid concepts,” defined as concepts in use in the professional environment and re-used as intervention tools by the researchers, could support joint reflection by the professionals on the current limits of their collaboration. It also reveals how “professional concepts” may serve as resources to mediate client-services' and service-service relations. Finally, conditions and challenges for designing activity theory-based interventions for promoting client-oriented network collaborations are sketched.
Explorative Actions in Search for a New Logic of Business Activity
Authors: Ristimäki Päivi
Published: December 2014

This chapter analyzes a Finnish ICT firm's explorative actions after the firm's predominant business logic based on technological product development had come to the end of its lifecycle. The explorative actions are seen here both as a means of learning to break out from the historically formed work routines and as a means for inventing a new ground for business logic. For this study, an analytical model was created for depicting explorative actions in the ICT firm's marketing. The analysis of engendered explorative actions during the period of three years shows how new modes of interacting with the customers contributed to the managements' strategic reorientation. The explorative actions intertwined aspects of exploration and exploitation in a dialectical unity of opposites. The study also highlights the role of everyday experience of problems and the role of intellectual understanding of an aggravating contradiction in activity as stimuli to take explorative actions.
Subject Matter Analysis in Physical Education
Authors: Nascimento Carolina Picchetti
Published: December 2014

Educational research grounded in the theoretical perspective of developmental teaching can provide some ideas, challenges, and proposals to be discussed. From a developmental perspective, the fundamental content of teaching and learning covers the theoretical concepts of each school subject. Through the area of physical education, the author discusses the process for identifying and systematizing the theoretical concepts that organize school subjects. This discussion is proposed from the point of view of its philosophical foundations in dialectical materialism and from concrete possibilities and challenges in educational research. Through analysis and systematization of the essential and necessary relations that organize physical education and by an attempt at making these relations concrete, the author highlights the value and challenges that arise during a process of a subject matter analysis in educational research.
Creativity in Education
Authors: Ferholt Beth , Nilsson Monica , Jansson Anders , Alnervik Karin
Published: December 2014

The goal of this chapter is to respond to the scarcity of literature on creativity that is relevant both to CHAT and in the field of education. The authors explore Vygotsky's writings on creativity, imagination, art, and play in relation to three Swedish preschool projects that practice a pedagogy of exploratory learning. Also included are discussions of imagination versus realistic thinking, syncretism in children's creative work, and play as a creative activity. Because this study was a formative intervention, the pedagogy of exploratory learning became significant in the analysis. The bulk of the chapter consists of thick descriptions of the projects and discussion of aspects of creativity as they appear in the projects. The data was collected by teachers and a research team that consisted of the authors of this chapter. Data collection in the three projects took place before the intervention took place, during the initial phases of the intervention, and after the intervention had become an annual theme for the preschools. The research was initially guided solely by a cultural historical understanding of creativity, while the analysis brought CHAT into dialogue with postmodern writings that are related to exploratory learning.
Acculturation Processes and Expatriate Behavior
Authors: Watts Laurie , Gullberg Beata
Published: December 2014

Understanding the expatriate's acculturation process (i.e. a process of learning and acquiring workplace-related skills to successfully inhabit a foreign cultural realm) is essential in an increasingly international labour market. By using a mixed-methods approach, measuring Work Locus Of Control (WLOC), acculturation strategies, and socio-cultural adaptation by quantitative data, the authors pursue that ambition. They apply phenomenographic method and interpret the results using Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT). Results show that WLOC and choice of acculturation strategy affect the acculturation process. Expatriates view acculturation in terms of intertwined relationships. This study contributes to expanded knowledge on the acculturation process on the role of work in expatriate acculturation.
Vygotsky, Heidegger, and Gadamer on Moral Development
Authors: Kakkori Leena , Huttunen Rauno
Published: December 2014

The authors present a Heideggerian-Gadamerian interpretation of Vygotsky from the point of view of moral learning. In doing so, they introduce a new concept called Hermeneutic Zone of Proximal Development (HZPD). They also connect HZPD to the self-education of one's moral voice and lifelong moral learning. Adult self-education includes activities like reappraisal of moral choices, improving moral imagination, especially concerning fellow feeling, and dissimulating unproductive moral feelings in order to convert them into productive moral feelings. The purpose of critical self-reflection of one's moral voice is to transform “everyday morality” into “deliberative morality.”
Mapping [Capital v.2.0]
Authors: Bang Lars
Published: December 2014

This chapter explores the benefits of a theoretical and methodological encounter between Bourdieu's concepts of capital, Deleuze's line of thought, and Marxist activity theory, particularly the Russian strand by Ilyenkov and Leontjev. Bourdieu, Deleuze, and Ilyenkov share a common denominator in Marx. In a contemporary light, Bourdieu's sociological concepts reflect an effort to readdress issues of class and practice as raised by Marx. The author claims that development of Marxist activity theory benefits from such an encounter, especially in educational research. The expanded concept of capital is exemplified through the optic of an educational Danish project. The author intends to show how the expanded concept of capital resonates with the theoretical framework of activity theory. He also shows how development of Marxist activity theory benefits from the methodological construct of capital. Bourdieuian and Deleuzian perspectives lead to the construction of a new structural map of events.
The Gatekeepers of Cyberspace
Authors: Soares Elisianne Campos de Melo
Published: December 2014

Cyberspace, like the territories grounded in the physical world, is an environment subject to border control and surveillance for various purposes: governmental, economic, security, among others. As in the physical sphere, governance can serve to enforce rules to avoid abuses and to allow users and institutions to build effective relationships, transparent and harmonious. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the Civil Rights Framework for the Internet in Brazil (“Marco Civil da Internet”), a project created in 2009 that aims to establish rights and obligations for the operation of the network in this Latin American nation. Before that, however, it is critical to address the issue of control and surveillance on the Internet, revealing their motivations, goals, and work tools.
Open Source Approach to Contemporary Research
Authors: Kavroudakis Dimitris
Published: December 2014

As the open source paradigm is influencing the modern economic world, an increasing number of scientific disciplines use the open working model in knowledge production process. The contemporary research field requires a new shift towards the constantly evolving digital age where collaboration and exchange of information is growing. The shift from traditional research models to open science may be the starting point for scientific innovation. This work presents the case of open scientific research as an analogy to the open source software movement and uses a case study from the Geo-Information technology sector.
Open E-Resources in Libraries
Authors: Injac-Malbaša Vesna
Published: December 2014

In general, electronic resources include articles, online journals, e-books, e-theses, databases, Websites, portals, gateways, blogs, etc. The author distinguishes Open Access (OA) resources mainly intended for researchers and open digital heritage mainly intended for the general public. The author's objective is to present the background of OA resources, different OA initiatives and software, first institutional repositories, open archives browsers and harvesters, open access registries, activities in Europe and UNESCO, and personalities who are the most important advocates of OA. Concerning the open digital heritage, the author's objective is to present the most important international and national projects like the European Library, Europeana, the World Digital Library, Gutenberg Project, Google Books Project, Hathitrust Digital Library, Digital Public Library of America, International Children's Digital Library, the Library of Congress Digital Library, Gallica of the French National Library, National Digital Library of China, etc. The author's opinion is that libraries have to accept all challenges of the open e-resources for researchers and open digital heritage and that the future of open access for all users is not impossible. The world's knowledge should be accessible as a public good to every citizen of the planet.
Law and Governance
Authors: Bourcier Danièle
Published: December 2014

The case of Creative Commons (CC) is a good example for describing how a new way to govern Commons has been invented. The Creative Commons (CC) Project was launched with no particular consideration of governance. Its primary aim was simply to share a common resource with common digital management. Several years on, the question of governance, as a logic of collective action, is coming to the fore. Between legicentrism and over-privatization, can both CC governance and governance by CC be seen as an alternative solution for managing future projects on common property in common?
Free or Externally Funded Professional Development for Frugal Librarians
Authors: Watson Elizabeth
Published: December 2014

Librarians need professional development opportunities even during difficult economic times with limited library budgets. Fortunately, creative and frugal librarians are finding external funding for professional development, and benefiting from free or low-cost professional development tools and opportunities. Many of these frugal solutions are online. Social media, bookmarking services, e-learning platforms like WebJunction and Lyrasis, listservs, and webinars are all explored as such online solutions. Conference scholarships, interdepartmental cooperation, and community partnerships are also ways to provide free or externally funded professional development.
Open Universities Australia
Authors: Crock Michael , Baker Janet , Turner-Walker Skye
Published: December 2014

This chapter analyses the history of, and future directions for, higher education studies undertaken through Open Universities Australia (OUA), Australia's unique higher education conduit. Founded to provide open access to units that allow individuals to undertake individual units or achieve qualifications from leading Australian universities, and supported by a federal government student loans scheme, OUA's experience and future plans provide significant insight into the potential and pitfalls of the technological innovation in both higher education distance, and increasingly, on-campus, teaching and learning. The need for an ongoing emphasis on innovation, adaptability, and cooperation in an extraordinarily rapidly changing environment is highlighted.
Creating Open-Source Interactive Articles for the Wider Publics
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: December 2014

A core form of the international sharing of research and analysis is done through articles, both those presented in live conferences and those published in any number of journals. Interactive articles integrate various elements to the basic text: hyperlinks; immersive simulations; electronic games; data sets; knowledge collections; digital photographs; multimedia; integrated wikis and blogs; and other aspects. These value-added pieces that build exploration, experience, and interactivity, are enabled by current authoring tools and Web servers and open-source contents. Enriched articles often encourage return engagements, and their open-source publishing often leads to greater levels of citations and readership. These enable the design of a work for multiple audiences, with opt-in sections for different levels of readers, for example. Interaction enables opportunities for more reflection, recursiveness, and understanding a topic from multiple angles and different levels of abstraction. Interactive articles tend to appear in open-source (or at least open-access) publications online, which enables access by wider reading publics and machine-searchability and often wider citations.
A Preventive Action Management Platform in Healthcare Information Systems
Authors: Peixoto Hugo , Abelha António , Santos Manuel , Machado José
Published: December 2014

Preventive actions management plays a crucial role in clinical applications, not only for those who depend on data to make decisions, but also for those who monitor the operational and financial impact of the systems. This paper presents an open-source platform, named ScheduleIT, capable of managing preventive routines. The platform is based on an estimation model that determines the optimal time interval for interventions, according to the criticality of the system and the number of non-programmed faults, among others. ScheduleIT has a web-based interface available to a different area end-user, ranging from IT technicians to administrative staff. At this point, the platform covers around 75% of the healthcare systems and it is fully accepted by its main users as a reliable and effective preventive tool.
User Resistance to Software Migration
Authors: Kim Hee-Woong , Chan Hock Chuan , Lee So-Hyun
Published: December 2014

The demand for software has increased rapidly in the global industrial environment. Open source software (OSS) has exerted significant impact on the software industry. Large amounts of resources and effort have been devoted to the development of OSS such as Linux. Based on the technology adoption model (TAM), the development of Linux as the most well-known OSS with a graphical user interface designed for ease of use and a wide range of functionalities is expected to result in high levels of Linux adoption by individual users. Linux, however, currently controls about 1% of the operating system market for personal computers. The resistance of users to switch to a new operating system remains one of the major obstacles to widespread adoption of Linux among individual users. Based on the integration of the equity implementation model and the TAM, this study examines the formation of user resistance, as well as the effects of user resistance, on the migration to Linux for personal computers. This study discusses the role and effect of user resistance based on the equity implementation model in comparison with the two main determinants in the TAM. This study contributes to the advancement of theoretical understanding of Linux migration and user resistance. The findings also offer suggestions for software communities and practitioners, of OSS in particular, to promote the use of new software by individual users.
Open Growth
Authors: Ghafele Roya , Gibert Benjamin
Published: December 2014

Open Source Software (OSS) is well established in sectors as diverse as aviation, health, telecommunications, finance, publishing, education, and government. As nations increasingly rely on knowledge assets to grow, the adoption of OSS will have profound economic consequences. This paper identifies the mechanisms inherent to OSS production that help fuel innovation in knowledge-based economies. As a collaborative and open production model, OSS is conceptualized as a prototype of open innovation. Drawing on US employment projections for 2008-2018, the authors' analysis predicts OSS will have a positive impact on employment growth in well-paid salary jobs across multiple sectors of the US economy. OSS-related software development jobs are widely diffuse throughout the economy, help build a skilled labour force and offer wages significantly above the national average. OSS is thus believed to be a strong contributor to growth in high-value employment in the US. The authors also posit that, as industries are exposed to the benefits of OSS as a result of the broad diffusion of OSS-related jobs, open innovation processes outside software development may be adopted through a process of learning and imitation.
Social Acceptability of Open Source Software by Example of the Ubuntu Operating System
Authors: Szołtysik Mateusz
Published: December 2014

The modern development of information technology, and what is connected with it—technological progress and also the wide availability of hardware—make the Open Source software a necessary part of life today. Alternative operating systems with equal functionality are often exceedingly available. These systems often allow one to use a computer freely and are fully suitable for household use. The first part of the chapter includes explanation of acceptance issues and presentation of the most popular acceptance models. The second part contains a description of creating this study and analysis of its results.
A Model of Cultural Competence in Open Source Systems
Authors: Wright Carroll Doris
Published: December 2014

Open source software and the open source movement have changed how users access the Internet and produced equality of access for the global community. Despite the access to free software and code sharing for the public and corporate users, open source users remain unaware of cultural competency standards for all its users and designers. The research on cultural competence is conspicuously absent. This chapter defines open source cultural competence as an ethical and equity imperative for open source systems and the communities served by this free, accessible software. A theoretical framework for integrating cultural competence into open source technology is presented, one that emphasizes cultural competency best practices. Future implications for integrating cultural competence into open source technology are highlighted.
Action Potentials
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: December 2014

An ideology is defined as a set of ideas that “explains and evaluates social conditions, helps people understand their place in society, and provides a program for social and political action” (Ball & Dagger, 2011, p. 4). As such, these concepts underpin the actions of various groups and organizations, including that of the Anonymous hacker group, which professes no ideology or creed. Rather, the group has styled itself as a kind of anarchic global brain connected by various spaces on the Internet. This work explores four main data streams to extrapolate the group's ideology: the current socio-political context of hacking and hacktivism; the group's self-definition (through its professed values); the group's actions (through the “propaganda of the deed”); and the insights of others about the group This chapter defines the socio-technical context of this Anonymous hacker socio-political movement, which draws ideas from the Hacker Manifesto 2.0, which suggests the advent of a new economic system with the new technological vectors (mediums of communication). This movement is apparently pushing forth the advent of a new information regime in which the abstraction of ideas adds a “surplus” economic value that may be tapped. Styled as fighters against government tyranny, they are pushing hard against an international regime of intellectual property and information control by governments and corporations. This is being published in the spirit that (some) information wants to be free and that there is a value in direct discourse.
Open Content
Authors: Shewale Nilesh A. , B. Preedip Balaji , Shewale Madhukar
Published: December 2014

The rapidly growing open content movement has intense outcomes and teaching approaches for the emergent social learning. Open content is any kind of creative work, or content, published under a license that explicitly allows copying and modifying of its information by anyone; on the other hand, a closed system follows a completely proprietary approach. In this chapter, the authors discuss open vs. closed systems, open content development process and model, challenges in content decision, 4Rs in open content, and tools. They also highlight some of the instances where open content has proved beneficial for the education, organization, and the users in building an open knowledge society.
Managing Knowledge in Open Source Software Test Process
Authors: Abdou Tamer , Grogono Peter , Kamthan Pankaj
Published: December 2014

The increasing adoption and use of Open Source Software (OSS) motivates study of its development. This chapter explores the state-of-the art in OSS development processes, in general, and OSS testing processes, in particular. A conceptual model for software Testing Knowledge Management (TKM) that aims to provide an understanding of the testing domain is introduced. The TKM model is informed by earlier studies and guided by international testing standards. Moreover, the TKM model is equipped with different forms of knowledge, reusable across software projects. Using the TKM model as an integrative conceptual model enables understanding of how knowledge life cycle stages are mapped onto the test process of OSS, what type of knowledge is created at each stage, and how knowledge is converted from one stage to another. The chapter is supported by representative examples of OSS that are mature and currently in widespread use.
Learning Software Industry Practices with Open Source and Free Software Tools
Authors: Nandigam Jagadeesh , Gudivada Venkat N
Published: December 2014

This chapter describes a pragmatic approach to using open source and free software tools as valuable resources to affect learning of software industry practices using iterative and incremental development methods. The authors discuss how the above resources are used in teaching undergraduate Software Engineering (SE) courses. More specifically, they illustrate iterative and incremental development, documenting software requirements, version control and source code management, coding standards compliance, design visualization, software testing, software metrics, release deliverables, software engineering ethics, and professional practices. The authors also present how they positioned the activities of this course to qualify it for writing intensive designation. End of semester course evaluations and anecdotal evidence indicate that the proposed approach is effective in educating students in software industry practices.
Reliability Modeling and Assessment for Open Source Cloud Software
Authors: Tamura Yoshinobu , Yamada Shigeru
Published: December 2014

Software development based on the Open Source Software (OSS) model is being increasingly accepted to stand up servers and applications. In particular, Cloud OSS is now attracting attention as the next generation of software products due to cost efficiencies and quick delivery. This chapter focuses on the software reliability modeling and assessment for Cloud computing infrastructure software, especially open source software, such as OpenStack and Eucalyptus. In this chapter, the authors introduce a new approach to the Jump diffusion process based on stochastic differential equations in order to consider the interesting aspect of the numbers of components and users in the reliability model. In addition, the authors consider the network traffic of the Cloud in the reliability modeling and integrate the reliability model with a threshold-based neural network approach that estimates network traffic. Actual software fault-count data are analyzed in order to show numerical examples of software reliability assessment. This chapter also illustrates how the proposed method of reliability analysis can assist in quality improvement in Cloud computing software.
Analyzing the Competitive Dynamics in Open-Source Publishing Using Game Theory
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: December 2014

Using a game theory model to analyze whether a content developer should pursue publishing with an open-source or proprietary publisher, this work describes a strategy for those content developers working in higher education in terms of an articulated strategy for publishing. This research also suggests the high costs of publishing for content developers and proposes ways for open-source publishers to attract and maintain talent for open-source publishing in socio-technical spaces. This chapter offers fresh insights on the uses of game theory to model stakeholder motivations and payoffs, and from there articulate basic strategies; in line with game theory, this model also suggests directions and hypotheses for future research in open-source academic publishing.
Reflections on the Role of Self-Paced, Online Resources in Higher Education or How YouTube is Teaching Me How to Knit
Authors: Ellis Cath
Published: December 2014

In higher education sectors around the world, lecturing remains the mainstay of teaching and learning practice (see Bligh, 1998; Jones, 2007). This is despite the fact that countless high-profile and widely read scholars have shown that the pedagogic value of lecturing is questionable (see Bligh, 1998; Gibbs, 1981; Laurillard, 2002). How it has come to be that lecturing persists remains the focus of much speculation (see Jones, 2007). It may be the case, however, that lectures have finally met their match in the form of online, self-paced, on-demand resources. As the availability and number of these resources grows, the viability of face-to-face lecturing as a teaching and learning strategy becomes increasingly tenuous. In this chapter, the authors outline the impact that these resources are having on pedagogy and curriculum design in general and in higher education in particular. They offer a case study of the use of this strategy in a higher education context within an English Literature module. The authors conclude by offering some reflections on their own experiences as on-demand learners and offer some suggestions as to how university teachers and the institutions for which they work may need to rethink the way they operate.
Translating Traditional Writing Process Tools to Digital Ones
Authors: Franklin Keri R. , Gibson Kathy
Published: December 2014

This chapter offers user-friendly free applications to help teachers incorporate digital writing tools in their classrooms. The authors encourage a collaborative and inquiry-driven environment to help teachers implement new digital tools that can motivate students and develop 21st century writers. The authors use the NCTE's Definition of 21st Century Literacies (2013) to discuss digital writing tools. The authors offer a framework for scaffolding the introduction of these applications in K-12 classrooms and in professional development and align traditional writing process tools to digital writing tools.
Virtualized Open Source Networking Lab
Authors: Chao Lee
Published: December 2014

This chapter considers a virtualized open source networking lab to support Web based IT education. It discusses the difficulties in teaching networking related IT courses online. The discussion leads to the solution of virtualized open source technology. The chapter also examines some strategies in developing an open source virtual networking lab for hands-on practice in networking related IT courses. It then presents a case study on the use of an open source virtual networking lab in e-learning.