bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing internet users’ intention to sign e-petitions
Authors: Ulo Karina Lia Meirita , Hidayanto Achmad Nizar , Sandhyaduhita Puspa Indahati , Fitriani Widia Resti , Meyliana Meyliana , Abidin Zaenal
Published: November 2019

Purpose

This study aims to identify factors behind the intention to sign e-petitions, focusing on three aspects, i.e. information (argument quality), the source of information (source credibility) and personal perspective (personal relevance and altruism).

Design/methodology/approach

Data collection is done by using a quantitative approach through an online questionnaire. This study involved 211 respondents who were internet users in Indonesia who had signed an e-petition. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling approach with IBM Amos version 22.0.

Findings

The findings revealed that there are three factors shaping internet users’ attitudes toward e-petitions, namely, altruism, AQ and personal relevance, of which altruism was the strongest factor. Those who have a positive attitude toward e-petitions seemed to have higher intention to sign e-petitions. Additionally, we discovered that internet users believe credible e-petition initiators deliver better arguments, which drive them to sign e-petitions.

Research limitations/implications

The finding related to elaboration likelihood model has revealed that not only the dual processing of central routes and peripheral routes but also the possibility of peripheral routes influencing the factors in the central route. Hence, future studies need to include the examination of this relation. Finally, altruism is identified as the major factor that influences people to sign e-petitions. Therefore, people should be aware of this factor while examining the environment that likely has voluntary aspects.

Practical implications

To improve the adoption of the e-petition system, it is important for the e-petition websites to maintain attitude factors to achieve the e-petition goals. It is also important that e-petition websites provide credibility information of the e-petition initiators and make it visible to everyone. The e-petition sites must be able to be personalized so that users can be categorized based on their profiles or interests. Finally, as altruism is the most influencing factor in shaping internet users’ attitude toward e-petitions, e-petition initiators need to write a persuasive and arousing information and images for their e-petition. Some templates, tips or even online training to persuasive public petitions also need to be provided.

Originality/value

This study attempts to fill the research gap by examining factors from three domains, i.e. information source (the e-petitioners), information/AQ and personal perspective (personal motivation) of the e-petition signers. The authors enrich the research model with altruism factors that influence attitude in signing petitions. This study illustrates the characteristic of Indonesian internet user’s and provides important implications for how the e-petitions site should improve the functionality of the sites.
Confusion in determination of two types of cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs, maculopapular eruption and erythema multiforme, among the experts: A proposal of standardized terminology
Authors: Hashizume Hideo , Abe Riichiro , Azukizawa Hiroaki , Fujiyama Toshiharu , Hama Natsumi , Mizukawa Yoshiko , Morita Eishin , Nakagawa Yukinobu , Nakajima Saeko , Niihara Hiroyuki , Teraki Yuichi , Tohyama Mikiko , Watanabe Hideaki , Tokura Yoshiki ,   Drug Allergy Database Committee in Japanese Cutaneous Immunology and Allergy Association
Published: November 2019

The clinical classification of cutaneous adverse reactions by drugs should be clearly distinguished to avoid conceptual confusion and inconsistency. Although dermatologists appear to have established a roughly common consensus for cutaneous adverse reactions, some types are more rigorously defined than other, possibly misleading classifications. To assess the consensus on the clinical classifications, we investigated the concordance rate of diagnosis by Japanese experts through a snap visual inspection of various clinical pictures exhibiting erythema multiforme and maculopapular eruption types of cutaneous adverse reactions. The experts were shown images on a screen and were then asked to decide whether to classify cases as maculopapular eruption or erythema multiforme type, and the concordance rates were calculated. Overall, the mean concordance rate was 71.6% (standard deviation, 17.3%), and only 33.8% of cases had a 90% or more concordance rate. Our study shows that the determinations of erythema multiforme and maculopapular eruption types by the existing classification criteria were confusing even among experts, which prompted us to standardize the terminology. We propose clinically defining erythema multiforme type as generalized macules mainly of 1 cm or more with a tendency of elevation and coalescence, and maculopapular eruption type as generalized erythema other than erythema multiforme type. Currently, the clinical definitions of cutaneous adverse reactions are poorly described, which may be problematic upon analyzing large volumes of data. Our proposal for a new terminology will enhance the accuracy and consistency of information for the correct analysis of cutaneous adverse reactions.
Ecological drivers of jellyfish blooms – The complex life history of a ‘well‐known’ medusa (Aurelia aurita)
Authors: Goldstein Josephine , Steiner Ulrich K.
Published: November 2019

Jellyfish blooms are conspicuous demographic events with significant ecological and socio‐economic impact. Despite worldwide concern about an increased frequency and intensity of such mass occurrences, predicting their booms and busts remains challenging.

Forecasting how jellyfish populations may respond to environmental change requires considering their complex life histories. Metagenic life cycles, which include a benthic polyp stage, can boost jellyfish mass occurrences via asexual recruitment of pelagic medusae.

Here we present stage‐structured matrix population models with monthly, individual‐based demographic rates of all life stages of the moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita L. (sensu stricto). We investigate the life‐stage dynamics of these complex populations under low and high food conditions to illustrate how changes in medusa density depend on non‐medusa stage dynamics.

We show that increased food availability can be an important ecological driver of jellyfish mass occurrences, as it can temporarily shift the population structure from polyp‐ to medusa‐dominated. Projecting populations for a winter warming scenario additionally enhanced the booms and busts of jellyfish blooms.

We identify demographic key variables that control the intensity and frequency of jellyfish blooms in response to environmental drivers such as habitat eutrophication and climate change. By contributing to an improved understanding of mass occurrence phenomena, our findings provide perspective for future management of ecosystem health.
Microbial associations and spatial proximity predict North American moose (Alces alces) gastrointestinal community composition
Authors: Fountain‐Jones Nicholas M. , Clark Nicholas J. , Kinsley Amy C. , Carstensen Michelle , Forester James , Johnson Timothy J. , Miller Elizabeth A. , Moore Seth , Wolf Tiffany M. , Craft Meggan E.
Published: November 2019

Microbial communities are increasingly recognized as crucial for animal health. However, our understanding of how microbial communities are structured across wildlife populations is poor. Mechanisms such as interspecific associations are important in structuring free‐living communities, but we still lack an understanding of how important interspecific associations are in structuring gut microbial communities in comparison with other factors such as host characteristics or spatial proximity of hosts.

Here, we ask how gut microbial communities are structured in a population of North American moose Alces alces. We identify key microbial interspecific associations within the moose gut and quantify how important they are relative to key host characteristics, such as body condition, for predicting microbial community composition.

We sampled gut microbial communities from 55 moose in a population experiencing decline due to a myriad of factors, including pathogens and malnutrition. We examined microbial community dynamics in this population utilizing novel graphical network models that can explicitly incorporate spatial information.

We found that interspecific associations were the most important mechanism structuring gut microbial communities in moose and detected both positive and negative associations. Models only accounting for associations between microbes had higher predictive value compared to models including moose sex, evidence of previous pathogen exposure or body condition. Adding spatial information on moose location further strengthened our model and allowed us to predict microbe occurrences with ~90% accuracy.

Collectively, our results suggest that microbial interspecific associations coupled with host spatial proximity are vital in shaping gut microbial communities in a large herbivore. In this case, previous pathogen exposure and moose body condition were not as important in predicting gut microbial community composition. The approach applied here can be used to quantify interspecific associations and gain a more nuanced understanding of the spatial and host factors shaping microbial communities in non‐model hosts.
Managing Risk as a Duality of Harm and Benefit: A Study of Organizational Risk Objects in the Global Insurance Industry
Authors: Bednarek Rebecca , Chalkias Konstantinos , Jarzabkowski Paula
Published: November 2019

This study examines how organizations construct and manage risk objects as a duality of harm–benefit within their normal operations. It moves beyond the existing focus on accidents, disasters and crisis. We study the risk‐transfer processes of 35 insurers where they navigate the tension of retaining risk in their insurance portfolio to increase the benefit of making profit and transferring risk to reinsurance to reduce the harm of paying claims. We show that organizations’ constructions of risk are underpinned by everyday risk management practices of centralizing, calculating and diversifying. Through variation in these practices, not all organizations seek balance and we in turn uncover the sensemaking processes of abstracting and localizing that enable organizations to prioritize harm or benefit. This contributes to the risk literature by illuminating the co‐constitutive relationship between risk sensemaking processes and everyday risk management practices. Following the complex linkages involved in the construction of risk objects as sources of harm–benefit, our analysis also contributes to the literature on dualities. It shows that while immediate trade‐offs between harm–benefit occur, prioritizing one element of the duality is ultimately a means for attaining the other. Thus, while initial imbalance is evident, prioritization can be an enabling approach to navigating duality.
Shareholder Empowerment and Board of Directors Effectiveness*
Authors: Drymiotes George , Lin Haijin , Ertimur Yonca
Published: November 2019

We develop a model to examine implications of empowering shareholders to replace directors. We find that shareholder empowerment functions as a double‐edged sword. On the one hand, it can weaken ineffective boards' incentive to hold on to their position. On the other hand, it can induce both effective and ineffective boards to behave strategically to avoid a potential dismissal. As a result, empowerment does not necessarily increase firm value; in some cases, empowerment exacerbates the agency problem it is intended to address. Giving shareholders the power to set board compensation (have a “say on pay”) can mitigate these problems. However, even when empowerment benefits (harms) the shareholders, firm value may decrease (increase). Finally, we discuss empirical and policy implications of the main findings.
Age at First Alcohol Use as a Possible Risk Factor for Adolescent Acute Alcohol Intoxication Hospital Admission in the Netherlands
Authors: de Veld Loes , van Hoof Joris J. , Ouwehand Sabine , van der Lely Nicolaas
Published: November 2019

Background

The primary objective of this study is to determine whether age at first alcohol use is a determinant for adolescent acute alcohol intoxication characteristics, such as age at first acute alcohol intoxication and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at hospital admission. Around the world, as in the Netherlands, a key aim of alcohol policy is to postpone the age at first alcohol use. This is based on cohort studies that indicate a relationship between a younger age at first alcohol use and subsequent adult alcohol use disorders.

Methods

This study was conducted using a cohort of data comprising individuals under 18 years of age. Data were collected between 2007 and 2017 by the Dutch Pediatric Surveillance System (NSCK) in order to monitor trends in admissions for acute alcohol intoxication. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to determine the association between age at first alcohol use and acute alcohol intoxication characteristics, such as age at first acute alcohol intoxication and BAC at admission.

Results

This study indicates that among adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication, adolescents who started drinking at ≤ 14 years of age are significantly more often female, lower educated, and raised in nontraditional family structures than adolescents who started drinking between 15 and 18 years of age. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that age at first alcohol use, corrected for covariates, significantly predicted the age at acute alcohol intoxication and BAC at admission. The association between age at first alcohol use and age at intoxication was also found to be clinically relevant.

Conclusions

Although causation cannot be implied based on the results of these analyses, the results of this study suggest that interventions delaying the age at first alcohol use could be successful in increasing the average age that adolescents are admitted to the hospital for acute alcohol intoxication.
A Rationale for Allopregnanolone Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders: Basic and Clinical Studies
Authors: Morrow A. Leslie , Boero Giorgia , Porcu Patrizia
Published: November 2019

For many years, research from around the world has suggested that the neuroactive steroid (3α,5α)‐3‐hydroxypregnan‐20‐one (allopregnanolone or 3α,5α‐THP) may have therapeutic potential for treatment of various symptoms of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). In this critical review, we systematically address all the evidence that supports such a suggestion, delineate the etiologies of AUDs that are addressed by treatment with allopregnanolone or its precursor pregnenolone, and the rationale for treatment of various components of the disease based on basic science and clinical evidence. This review presents a theoretical framework for understanding how endogenous steroids that regulate the effects of stress, alcohol, and the innate immune system could play a key role in both the prevention and the treatment of AUDs. We further discuss cautions and limitations of allopregnanolone or pregnenolone therapy with suggestions regarding the management of risk and the potential for helping millions who suffer from AUDs.
Prognostic value of 18F‐FDG PET parameters in patients with locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer treated with induction chemotherapy
Authors: Lee Hee Yeon , Choi Woo Hee , Yoo Ie Ryung , Park Jae Kil , Sung Sook Whan , Kim Yeon Sil , Kang Jin‐Hyoung
Published: November 2019

Aim

To investigate predictive and prognostic role of metabolic parameters using [18F]‐2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG PET) in patients with locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with docetaxel‐platinum induction chemotherapy (IC).

Methods

Medical records of 31 patients with pre‐ and post‐IC 18F‐FDG PET were reviewed. Using 18F‐FDG PET, metabolic parameters, including metabolic tumor response, adjusted peak standardized uptake values using lean body mass at baseline (pre‐SULpeak) and after IC (post‐SULpeak), and percentage change of pre‐ and post‐SULpeak (ΔSULpeak), were assessed.

Results

Response rate (RR) was 71%, with a metabolic RR of 83.9%. Nineteen (61.3%) patients underwent surgery, R0 resection was achieved for 17 (89.5%) patients. Median relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were 8.9 months (95% CI: 4.5‐12.1) and 24.1 months (95% CI: 17.1‐34.1), respectively. Post‐SULpeak < 2 was identified as a favorable prognostic factor for RFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.12; P = .004), while ΔSULpeak ≥60% and R0 resection were found as positive prognostic factors for OS (HR: 0.09 and 0.13; P = .011 and P = .042, respectively). Using a receiver operating characteristics curve, post‐SULpeak > 1.4 could predict recurrence with a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 100%.

Conclusion

In patients with locally advanced NSCLC receiving IC, post‐SULpeak and ΔSULpeak showed clinical significance for survival outcome.
Gestational age, morbidity and mortality among twin births in New South Wales, Australia 2003–2014: A cohort study
Authors: Ibiebele Ibinabo , Humphries Jacob B. , Torvaldsen Siranda , Ford Jane B. , Morris Jonathan M. , Bowen Jennifer R. , Randall Deborah A.
Published: November 2019

Background

Evidence suggests that the trend toward early planned births observed among singletons may be evident among twin pregnancies.

Aims

To describe trends in gestational age at birth, pregnancy characteristics, neonatal morbidity and mortality among twin pregnancies.

Materials and Methods

Population‐based data linkage study of twin births of ≥30 weeks of gestation without a major congenital anomaly born in 2003–2014 in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Linked pregnancy and birth, hospital and mortality data were used. Generalised linear regression was used to assess linear trends. Risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated.

Results

Among 28 076 eligible twin births (14 038 pregnancies), 49% of births occurred prior to 37 weeks and 69% of births were planned (pre‐labour caesarean or induction of labour). There were increases over time in the proportion of twin births at preterm gestations (30–34 weeks (RD 2.1, 95% CI 0.1, 4.0), 35–36 weeks (RD 7.5, 95% CI 5.4, 9.7)) and in the rates of planned births (pre‐labour caesarean (RD 6.4, 95% CI 4.0, 8.8), induction (RD 4.6, 95% CI 2.6, 6.6)). There was no significant change in stillbirth or neonatal death rates, but there was an increase in neonatal morbidity over the study period. Concurrently, there were increases in the prevalence of gestational diabetes; and decreases in pregnancy hypertension, assisted reproductive technology use, small‐for‐gestational age and birthweight discordance.

Conclusions

Gestational age at birth among twin births is decreasing and birth intervention is increasing. There are increasing rates of neonatal morbidity, but no overall change in perinatal mortality.
Imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib: From flat‐fixed dosing towards a pharmacokinetically guided personalized dose
Authors: Westerdijk Kim , Desar Ingrid M.E. , Steeghs Neeltje , van der Graaf Winette T.A. , van Erp Nielka P. ,   on behalf of the Dutch Pharmacology and Oncology Group (DPOG)
Published: November 2019

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are anti‐cancer drugs that target tyrosine kinases, enzymes that are involved in multiple cellular processes. Currently, multiple oral TKIs have been introduced in the treatment of solid tumours, all administered in a fixed dose, although large interpatient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability is described. For imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib exposure‐treatment outcome (efficacy and toxicity) relationships have been established and therapeutic windows have been defined, therefore dose optimization based on the measured blood concentration, called therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), can be valuable in increasing efficacy and reducing the toxicity of these drugs.

In this review, an overview of the current knowledge on TDM guided individualized dosing of imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib for the treatment of solid tumours is presented. We summarize preclinical and clinical data that have defined thresholds for efficacy and toxicity. Furthermore, PK models and factors that influence the PK of these drugs which partly explain the interpatient PK variability are summarized. Finally, pharmacological interventions that have been performed to optimize plasma concentrations are described. Based on current literature, we advise which methods should be used to optimize exposure to imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib.
Subprime borrowers, securitization and the transmission of business cycles
Authors: Grodecka‐Messi Anna
Published: November 2019

A growing literature (e.g., Jaffee et al. 2009, Acharya and Schnabl 2009) argues that securitization improves financial stability if the securitized assets are held by capital market participants, rather than financial intermediaries. I construct a quantitative macroeconomic model with a novel specification for mortgage‐backed securities (MBS) to evaluate this claim. My findings suggest that the existence of the securitization market stabilizes the economy under the condition that financial intermediaries do not engage in the acquisition of securitized assets. In the presence of large negative housing preference shocks, the drop in output in the first year after the shock is halved if subprime MBS are purchased by non‐financial agents rather than held by banks.
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation versus adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid junction
Authors: Salami A. C. , Obaid T. , Nweze N. J. , Deleon M. , Force L. , Gorgun E. , Wexner S. , Joshi A. R. T.
Published: November 2019

Aim

The optimal treatment approach for adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid junction remains unclear. The aim of this work was to compare outcomes of neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCR) and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) treatment for cancer of the rectosigmoid junction.

Method

This was a nationwide, retrospective cohort study (2004–2015) using hospital‐based cancer outcomes data (National Cancer Database). All patients who underwent resection with curative intent for locally advanced [American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Stages II and III] adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid junction were included. Exclusion criteria were age less than 18 or over 75 years, Charlson–Deyo score > 2, AJCC Stages I and IV and unstaged tumours. Treatment with NCR was compared with treatment with AC, the primary outcome being overall survival. Other end‐points were resection margin status, the presence of lymphovascular invasion and postoperative length of stay.

Results

A total of 2828 patients were included in this study, of whom 1701 (59.7%) received NCR. NCR was more frequently utilized in patients who were black (10.3% vs 7.6%, P < 0.05) and underwent treatment at academic institutions (37.9% vs 22.5%, P < 0.05). Treatment with NCR did not differentially influence survival following risk adjustment (hazard ratio 1.17, CI 0.98–1.40; P = 0.085). NCR was independently associated with a decreased likelihood of a positive resection margin (OR 0.44, CI 0.33–0.58; P < 0.001) and lymphovascular invasion (OR 0.51, CI 0.40–0.67; P < 0.001). However, treatment with NCR was associated with the need for prolonged hospitalization compared with AC (7.3 days vs 6.5 days; P = 0.015). The study was limited by its retrospective design, external validity and risk of tumour misclassification.

Conclusion

NCR currently seems to be favoured over AC for the management of locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid junction. This approach may not be justified as NCR is associated with prolonged hospitalization needs without a clear survival benefit when compared with AC. Prospective studies are warranted to definitively compare outcomes of NCR and AC in this patient population.
DID EARLY TWENTIETH‐CENTURY ALCOHOL PROHIBITION AFFECT MORTALITY?
Authors: Law Marc T. , Marks Mindy S.
Published: November 2019

We investigate the contemporaneous mortality consequences of alcohol prohibition laws introduced in America between 1900 and 1920. We improve on existing studies by constructing a time‐varying measure of prohibition at the state level that corrects for the timing of prohibition enforcement and accounts for the presence of dry counties. Using summary indices that aggregate alcohol‐related mortality due to disease and poor decisions, we find that prohibition significantly reduced mortality rates. These findings are corroborated with an area‐level analysis that exploits data on deaths in urban areas that were wet prior to statewide or federal prohibition and nonurban areas that were partially dry. (JEL I18, N4, K2)
Repeatability but no short‐term plasticity in the web architecture ofLatrodectus hesperuswestern black widow spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae)
Authors: Thompson Cory H. , Rodríguez Rafael L. , Sergi Clinton
Published: November 2019

A spider's web is an extended phenotype and a direct product of behavior. Variation in web architecture may be the result of individual differences in genotype, environment, or experience. We analyzed variation in the web architecture of western black widow spiders,Latrodectus hesperus, by testing two hypotheses: (a) intrinsic individual differences and (b) plasticity according to experience of the site of prey capture. We used treatments manipulating the site of prey capture experienced by the spiders: sheet only, gum‐footed lines only, and alternating patterns between sheet and gum‐footed lines equally. We found considerable consistent individual variation (repeatability ofr = .56) in one web component (gum‐footed lines) and negligible plasticity in either component. We discuss our results in terms of the potential for the design of these web components to respond to selection, and of potential additional causes of variation in extended phenotypes.
Food, not friend: Tadpoles of the sandpaper frog (Lechriodus fletcheri) cannibalise conspecific eggs as a food resource in ephemeral pools
Authors: Gould John , Clulow John , Clulow Simon
Published: November 2019

Among the Amphibia, cannibalism is most commonly associated with tadpole species that exploit ephemeral systems. This behaviour may confer significant fitness benefits to those that cannibalise, given that these systems generally possess limited food resources, but will incur significant fitness costs to the cannibalised. Herein, we describe cannibalism of recently oviposited eggs of the sandpaper frog (Lechriodus fletcheri) by conspecific tadpoles as a likely adaptation to limited nutrient availability within highly ephemeral pools in which it is an obligate breeder. Field observations revealed L. fletcheri tadpoles actively preyed on conspecific eggs of recently oviposited spawn bodies, which were commonly consumed whole. When tadpoles were exposed to spawn for the first time in laboratory trials, they quickly engaged in extended periods of consumption, gorging themselves until they appeared to be full. We found this behaviour to be common in the field and suggest that conspecific eggs form a significant food resource for tadpoles of this species in the otherwise nutrient‐poor systems in which they breed. This feeding strategy might be common among anurans exploiting temporary aquatic systems that are nutrient‐poor and gives rise to many questions surrounding how individuals can utilise cannibalism to increase their fitness while simultaneously avoiding becoming victims of this behaviour themselves.
Predicting recruitment density dependence and intrinsic growth rate for all fishes worldwide using a data‐integrated life‐history model
Authors: Thorson James T.
Published: November 2019

Fisheries scientists use biological models to determine sustainable fishing rates and forecast future dynamics. These models require both life‐history parameters (mortality, maturity, growth) and stock‐recruit parameters (juvenile production). However, there has been little research to simultaneously predict life‐history and stock‐recruit parameters. I develop the first data‐integrated life‐history model, which extends a simple model of evolutionary dynamics to field measurements of life‐history parameters as well as historical records of spawning output and subsequent recruitment. This evolutionary model predicts recruitment productivity (steepness) and variability (variance and autocorrelation in recruitment deviations) as well as mortality, maturity, growth, and size, and uses these to predict intrinsic growth rate (r) for all described fishes. The model confirms previous analysis showing little correlation between steepness and either natural mortality or asymptotic maximum size (). However, it does reveal taxonomic patterns, where family Sebastidae has lower steepness () and Salmonidae has elevated steepness () relative to the prediction for bony fishes (class Actinopterygii, ). Similarly, genus Sebastes has growth rate (0.09) approaching that of several shark families (Lamniformes: 0.02; Carcharhiniformes: 0.02). A cross‐validation experiment confirms that the model is accurate, explains a substantial portion of variance (32%–67%), but generates standard errors that are somewhat too small. Predictive intervals are tighter for species than for higher‐level organizations (e.g. families), and predictions (including intervals) are available for all fishes worldwide in R package FishLife. I conclude by outlining how multivariate predictions of life‐history and stock‐recruit parameters could be useful for stock assessment, decision theory, ensemble modelling and strategic management.
Structural dissection of amyloid aggregates of TDP‐43 and its C‐terminal fragments TDP‐35 and TDP‐16
Authors: Shenoy Jayakrishna , El Mammeri Nadia , Dutour Antoine , Berbon Mélanie , Saad Ahmad , Lends Alons , Morvan Estelle , Grélard Axelle , Lecomte Sophie , Kauffmann Brice , Theillet François‐Xavier , Habenstein Birgit , Loquet Antoine
Published: November 2019

The TAR DNA‐binding protein (TDP‐43) self‐assembles into prion‐like aggregates considered to be the structural hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Here, we use a combination of electron microscopy, X‐ray fiber diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy to investigate the molecular organization of different TDP constructs, namely the full‐length TDP‐43 (1–414), two C‐terminal fragments [TDP‐35 (90–414) and TDP‐16 (267–414)], and a C‐terminal truncated fragment (TDP‐43 ∆GaroS2), in their fibrillar state. Although the different protein constructs exhibit similar fibril morphology and a typical cross‐β signature by X‐ray diffraction, solid‐state NMR indicates that TDP‐43 and TDP‐35 share the same polymorphic molecular structure, while TDP‐16 encompasses a well‐ordered amyloid core. We identified several residues in the so‐called C‐terminal GaroS2 (368–414) domain that participates in the rigid core of TDP‐16 fibrils, underlining its importance during the aggregation process. Our findings demonstrate that C‐terminal fragments can adopt a different molecular conformation in isolation or in the context of the full‐length assembly, suggesting that the N‐terminal domain and RRM domains play an important role in the TDP‐43 amyloid transition.
Experimental investigation on evolution of surface damage and topography parameters during rolling contact fatigue tests
Authors: Prajapati Deepak K. , Tiwari Mayank
Published: November 2019

Nowadays, micropitting is perceived as one of the prevalent wear mechanisms, which is responsible for the breakdown of high power density (power throughput/weight) machines. The current work demonstrates the evolution of surface damage and surface topography parameters during micropitting tests. The test surfaces are examined at different load stages utilizing 3D optical profiler, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope. The effect of slide‐to‐roll ratio (SRR) on surface damage and topography parameters is also presented. It is observed that the severity of micropitting increases with an increase in the number of cycles. It is concluded that surface bearing index (Sbi), kurtosis (Sku), maximum valley height (Sv), and autocorrelation length (Sal) are positively correlated with surface damage, whereas mean summit curvature (Ssc) and skewness (Ssk) are negatively correlated with surface damage. Surface texture ratio (Str) and power spectral density (PSD) of test surfaces are used for analysing surface texture, and it is found that deterioration in surface texture occurs after 6 million cycles. It is also concluded that geometrical isotropy increases with an increase in SRR.
Research priorities set by people with OCD and OCD researchers: Do the commonalities outweigh the differences?
Authors: Kühne Franziska , Brütt Anna Levke , Otterbeck Mara Jasmin , Weck Florian
Published: November 2019

Objective

In contrast to research agendas being predominantly set by scientists or funders, a collaborative approach was used to spot future goals for research on obsessive‐compulsive disorder.

Methods

First, we conducted a meta‐review and then compared the results of two online surveys with OCD professionals and patients on research priorities. The literature search was performed in three comprehensive databases, and ten research goals were extracted. Sixty‐four patients and eight professionals responded to open questions on their five most important goals. Then, they ranked the ten aims extracted from the literature on a 6‐point Likert scale.

Results

For patients and professionals, research on treatment gains that persist long‐term was most important. Concerning the top five goals listed in an open format, for patients, development and maintenance of the disease was as important as psychotherapy and its efficacy. In contrast, for professionals, the efficacy and the optimization of psychotherapy were the far most important research goals.

Conclusions

We proposed one possibility to involve patients in OCD research, and the multitude of answers presents a wealth of research ideas.

Practice Implications

Since consistent research involvement may contribute to its clinical impact, researchers are now invited to translate our findings into empirical studies.
Approaching Participation in the Divine Gift: Anselm of Canterbury’s Theology of the Holy Spirit
Authors: Haratine T. Parker
Published: November 2019

This article seeks to constructively retrieve Anselm’s theology of the Holy Spirit by responding to a recent criticism of his doctrine of atonement. This criticism is called the question of efficacy and focuses particularly on how Anselm holds humanity to participate in and receive the divine gift of atonement. In short, this paper argues that the Spirit’s prevenient and subsequent grace allow for an individual to respond freely and in faith to Christ’s work, resulting in three individually necessary and jointly sufficient conditions for union to be restored with God and human flourishing to obtain in Anselm’s thinking. In order to argue this, the paper proceeds in four sections. First, it discusses the question of efficacy. Second, it discusses the Spirit’s work in relation to an individual initially accepting Christ’s Gift. The paper then proceeds by discussing the subsequent work of the Spirit and redemptive role of faith that are inherently tied to the initial work. The paper then concludes by analyzing alternative approaches to this question of efficacy.
Histological grading of ovarian mucinous carcinoma – an outcome‐based analysis of traditional and novel systems
Authors: Busca Aurelia , Nofech‐Mozes Sharon , Olkhov‐Mitsel Ekaterina , Gien Lilian T , Bassiouny Dina , Mirkovic Jelena , Djordjevic Bojana , Parra‐Herran Carlos
Published: November 2019

Aims

Grading of primary ovarian mucinous carcinoma (OMC) is inconsistent among practices. The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting recommends grading OMC using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) system for endometrial endometrioid carcinoma, when needed. The growth pattern (expansile versus infiltrative), a known prognostic variable in OMC, is not considered in any grading system. We herein analysed the prognostic value of various grading methods in a well‐annotated cohort of OMC.

Methods and results

Institutional OMCs underwent review and grading by the Silverberg and FIGO schemes and a novel system, growth‐based grading (GBG), defined as G1 (expansile growth or infiltrative invasion in ≤10%) and G2 (infiltrative growth >10% of tumour). Of 46 OMCs included, 80% were FIGO stage I, 11% stage II and 9% stage III. On follow‐up (mean = 52 months, range = 1–190), five patients (11%) had adverse events (three recurrences and four deaths). On univariate analysis, stage (P = 0.01, Cox proportional analysis), Silverberg grade (P = 0.01), GBG grade (P = 0.001) and percentage of infiltrative growth (P < 0.001), but not FIGO grade, correlated with disease‐free survival. Log‐rank analysis showed increased survival in patients with Silverberg grade 1 versus 2 (P < 0.001) and those with GBG G1 versus G2 (P < 0.001). None of the parameters evaluated was significant on multivariate analysis (restricted due to the low number of adverse events).

Conclusions

Silverberg and the new GBG system appear to be prognostically significant in OMC. Pattern‐based grading allows for a binary stratification into low‐ and high‐grade categories, which may be more appropriate for patient risk stratification. Despite current practices and recommendations to utilise FIGO grading in OMC, our study shows no prognostic significance of this system and we advise against its use.
Cr2AlC MAX phase as bond coat for thermal barrier coatings: Processing, testing under thermal gradient loading, and future challenges
Authors: Gonzalez‐Julian Jesus , Mauer Georg , Sebold Doris , Mack Daniel E. , Vassen Robert
Published: November 2019

Cr2AlC layers with thickness up to 100 µm were deposited by high‐velocity‐atmospheric plasma spray (HV‐APS) on Inconel 738 substrates to analyze the potential of MAX phases as bond coat in thermal barrier coating systems (TBCs). The deposited Cr2AlC layers showed high purity with theoretical densities up to 93%, although some secondary phases were detected after the deposition process. On top of this MAX phase layer, a porous yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying. The system was tested under realistic thermal loading conditions using a burner rig facility, achieving surface and substrate temperatures of 1400°C and 1050°C, respectively. The system failed after 745 cycles mainly for three reasons: (i) open porosity of the bond coat layer, (ii) oxidation of secondary phases, and (iii) inter‐diffusion. Nevertheless, these results show a high potential of Cr2AlC and other Al‐based MAX phases as bond coat material for high‐temperature applications. Furthermore, future challenges to transfer MAX phases as eventual bond coat or protective layer are discussed.
Observation of oxygen pyramid tilting induced polarization rotation in strained BiFeO3 thin film
Authors: Song Dongsheng , Liu Heng‐Jui , Kovács András , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , Chu Ying‐Hao , Zhu Jing
Published: November 2019

Oxygen octahedral tilting has been recognized to strongly interact with spin, charge, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom in perovskite oxides. Here, we observe a strain‐driven stripe‐like morphology of two supertetragonal (monoclinic Cc and Cm) phases in the strained BiFeO3/LaAlO3 thin films. The two supertetragonal phases have a similar giant axial ratio but differences in oxygen pyramid tilting mode. Especially, the competition between polar instability and oxygen pyramid tilting is identified using atomically resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy, leading to the polarization rotation across the phase boundary. In addition, microtwins are observed in the Cc phase. Our findings provide new insights of the coupling between ferroelectric polarization and oxygen pyramid tilting in oxide thin films and will help to design novel phase morphology with desirable ferroelectric polarization and properties for new applications in perovskite oxides.
Effectiveness of a brief motivational intervention to increase the breastfeeding duration in the first 6 months postpartum: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Franco‐Antonio Cristina , Calderón‐García Julián F. , Santano‐Mogena Esperanza , Rico‐Martín Sergio , Cordovilla‐Guardia Sergio
Published: November 2019

Aims

To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief motivational intervention to increase the breastfeeding duration in the first 6 months postpartum in mothers who began breastfeeding in the first hour after birth and to explore the role of general and breastfeeding self‐efficacy in this relationship.

Design

A multi‐centre randomized controlled clinical trial.

Methods

Data were collected from February 2018 ‐ March 2019. Women were randomly assigned to an intervention group that received a brief motivational intervention (N = 44) or a control group that was offered standard education on breastfeeding (N = 44). Survival analysis techniques were carried out with a follow‐up of 6 months. In addition, the roles of breastfeeding and general self‐efficacy in the association between BMI and breastfeeding duration were explored through mediation/moderation analysis.

Results

Among 88 randomized patients (mean age, 32.82 years), 81 (92.04%) completed the trial. The survival analyses of exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding (exclusive and non‐exclusive) showed reductions in the risk of abandonment in the intervention group of 63% (aHR: 0.37 [0.22–0.60] p < .001) and 61% (aHR: 0.39 [0.20–0.78] p = .008), respectively. We found that self‐efficacy acted as a moderator of the effect of brief motivational intervention on breastfeeding self‐efficacy. A discrete indirect effect of brief motivational intervention through increased breastfeeding self‐efficacy was found on breastfeeding duration, with an index of moderated mediation of 0.08 (95% CI: 0.02–0.19). Greater positive variations in the breastfeeding self‐efficacy scores during follow‐up predicted exclusive and non‐exclusive breastfeeding duration.

Conclusion

A brief motivational intervention conducted in the immediate postpartum period increases breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding duration in the first 6 months. Although breastfeeding self‐efficacy seems to moderate the effect of brief motivational intervention on the increase in breastfeeding duration, other factors may influence its effectiveness. Further studies could focus on exploring how brief motivational intervention works and whether it also works for pregnant mothers who have not yet decided whether to breastfeed.

Impact

Brief motivational intervention could be introduced as part of routine care of women who begin breastfeeding to improve the low rates of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum.

Trial registration

Unique Protocol ID: Moti003; https://ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03357549.
A randomized trial of a distraction‐type intervention to assist in managing dressing changes for children experienced burns
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐Hang , Cui Chang‐Lei , Ren Jia‐Ju , Cheng Dan , Wu Wei‐Wei , Yu Jia‐Ao
Published: November 2019

Aim

To evaluate the impact of the specially designed medical dressing screen during wound dressing changes for children aged 1–3 who experienced a burn on their hand or foot.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Methods

The study was performed, between January 2019 ‐ April 2019, at a Burn Outpatient Ward. A total of 52 outpatient children who had suffered burns were included in the clinical trial. The burn area of these participants accounted for 1–5% of the total body surface area. The children were randomly divided into two equal‐sized groups, each receiving a different treatment. In the medical screen group (N = 26), a medical screen was used for children during the dressing changes. In the control group (N = 26), the children received only regular dressing changes. Pain level of the children during dressing change was the primary outcome, the satisfaction of children's parents and wound therapist were used as second outcomes. The Bonferroni method was used to perform pairwise comparisons of repeatedly measured data at different measurement times in two groups.

Results

The results showed that the medical screen group had better outcomes with respect to pain management during dressing changes; in addition, the satisfaction score of the wound therapist and children's parents presented also better outcomes compared with the control group.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated application of the medical screen for burns can relieve the pain of 1 ‐ 3‐year old children experienced a burn during dressing changes. In addition, the application of the medical screen also increased the satisfaction of the child's parents and wound therapist.

Registration NO: 1,900,020,953.

Impact

Compared with conventional dressing methods, the medical screen can be used as a novel way to decrease the negative experience of burn patients ages 1–3 who require dressing changes.
Systematic construction and validation of an immune prognostic model for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Luo Chenghan , Lei Mengyuan , Zhang Yixia , Zhang Qian , Li Lifeng , Lian Jingyao , Liu Shasha , Wang Liping , Pi Guofu , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2019

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common non‐small‐cell lung cancer, is characterized by a dense lymphocytic infiltrate, which indicates that the immune system plays an active role in the development and growth of this cancer. However, no investigations to date have proposed robust models for predicting survival outcome for patients with LUAD in terms of tumour immunology. A total of 761 LUAD patients were included in this study, in which the database of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was utilized for discovery, and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was utilized for validation. Bioinformatics analysis and R language tools were utilized to construct an immune prognostic model and annotate biological functions. Lung adenocarcinoma showed a weakened immune phenotype compared with adjacent normal tissues. Immune‐related gene sets were profiled, an immune prognostic model based on 2 immune genes (ANLN and F2) was developed with the TCGA database to distinguish cases as having a low or high risk of unfavourable prognosis, and the model was verified with the GEO database. The model was prognostically significant in stratified cohorts, including stage I‐II, stage III‐IV and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant subsets, and was considered to be an independent prognostic factor for LUAD. Furthermore, the low‐ and high‐risk groups showed marked differences in tumour‐infiltrating leucocytes, tumour mutation burden, aneuploidy and PD‐L1 expression. In conclusion, an immune prognostic model was proposed for LUAD that is capable of independently identifying patients at high risk for poor survival, suggesting a relationship between local immune status and prognosis.