bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Art Therapy Interventions on Depression Symptoms Among Older Adults: A Meta-analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Jenabi Ensiyeh , Bashirian Saeid , Ayubi Erfan , Rafiee Masoud , Bashirian Mozhdeh
Published: September 2022

Background

To our knowledge, no systematic reviews and meta-analyses have yet been published that examine the effect of art therapy (AT) interventions on depression symptoms among older adults, and this study aimed to systematically review and meta-analysis of clinical trials, summarize eligible relevant studies and provide a true effect measure for the association between AT and depression symptoms in older adults.

Methods

The databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched until 15 February 2022. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by the Delphi checklist. The heterogeneity across studies was conducted by chi-squared test and measured its quantity by the I2 statistic. We performed this meta-analysis to obtain a summary measure of the mean difference in depression scores between AT and control groups using a random-effects model. All statistical analyses were carried out at a significance level of .05 using Stata software, version 14.

Results

Until 15 February 2022, 222 studies through databases and 199 studies through review of references were included in the present meta-analysis. In total, the analysis covered 8 studies. The difference in mean depression score between the intervention and control groups showed significant reductions in the AT group (MD −.78; 95% CI: −1.17, −.38; I 2 = 67.9%).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that AT can be considered an effective intervention for reducing depression symptoms among older adults and art therapists/psychotherapists can use this method to reduce the symptoms of depression among older adults.
Updating multi-fidelity structural dynamic models for flexible wings with feed-forward neural network
Authors: Huang Yanxin , Su Weihua
Published: September 2022

In multidisciplinary design optimization of aerospace structures (e.g., a flexible wing), it may be convenient and practical to break such a complex problem into multi-fidelity, multi-stage design problems. Structural model updating is needed in multi-fidelity, multi-stage optimizations to ensure the consistency of models with different fidelity. However, due to the inequality in structural parameters, there exists a fundamental difficulty in the model updating from a lower fidelity model to a higher fidelity model. In this paper, a feed-forward neural network is applied to determine the structural dynamic characteristics of a higher fidelity model based upon a lower fidelity model. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated by updating beam-like wings to a thin shell-based model and a one-cell wing box model, respectively. The quality and accuracy of model updating using the proposed method are also discussed regarding the neural network structure and sample size.
Mothers as stancetakers: Intertextuality in same-sex marriage debates in Taiwan
Authors: Su Hsi-Yao
Published: September 2022

This paper explores the Taiwanese same-sex marriage debates from a particular analytical perspective: (1) how the identity as a mother is employed as stancetaking moves in both the supporting and opposing discourses, and (2) how stances are taken through intertextual links among the same-sex marriage-related discourses and the larger discourses concerning motherhood. It examines the online posts of two mother bloggers, focusing on how evaluative stances and parodic frames are achieved and how intertextual links help both bloggers to align or misalign themselves with particular value positions. The analysis reveals how the mother identity, traditionally situated in the private sphere, can be mobilized to advance arguments in political debates. It also exemplifies the ideological contestation about motherhood and family in Taiwan, where traditional Chinese cultural ideologies and Western influences co-exist.
Multi-objective H2/H∞ control of uncertain active suspension systems with interval time-varying delay
Authors: Ma Xinbo , Wong Pak Kin , Li Wenfeng , Zhao Jing , Ghadikolaei Meisam Ahmadi , Xie Zhengchao
Published: September 2022

The vehicle active suspension has been widely used as it could effectively improve the vehicle ride comfort. To solve the issues of actuator uncertainty and time delay existing in the active suspension system, a multi-objective non-fragile [Formula: see text] control algorithm is proposed in this work. First, to effectively describe the vehicle suspension dynamics, a quarter-car suspension model is constructed first in this study. Second, aiming at improving the ride quality and guarantee the hard constraints of the suspension system, a multi-objective H2/ H∞ performance index is proposed. Subsequently, the issues of external disturbances, actuator uncertainty and delay are considered in the design process of the suspension controller. Then, a multi-objective non-fragile control algorithm is proposed based on an effective Lyapunov functional. The control gain can be obtained by solving a convex optimization problem in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, numerical simulations are implemented on MATLAB/Simulink platform to show the robustness and superiority of the proposed controller. Experiments are implemented on a quarter-car test rig to validate the practical performance of the designed controller.
Guaranteed-performance resilient consensus for multi-agent systems subject to actuator attacks
Authors: Pan Kunpeng , Lyu Yang , Pan Quan
Published: September 2022

This article is concerned with achieving resilient consensus for multi-agent systems under cyber attacks. Without loss of generality, we consider a leader-following multi-agent system where each agent is modeled with a Lipschitz nonlinear model, and the actuator attacks are imposed on agents’ states. To begin with, an adaptive observer is constructed to estimate the attacks for each follower based on relative output errors with respect to its neighbors and the leader. The global error system is proved to be asymptotically stable. Moreover, a resilient consensus control protocol is proposed for each follower where the guaranteed-performance is considered. Under this control protocol, the impact of the attack is compensated and the state of each agent is consistent. Different from the existing secure control scheme, the new one can simultaneously resist multiple types of attacks. Finally, simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness of attack estimation and resilient consensus control protocol for multi–unmanned aerial vehicle systems.
The SLICC-FI Predicts Damage Accrual in SLE Patients. Data From the Almenara Lupus Cohort
Authors: Elera-Fitzcarrald Claudia , Gamboa-Cárdenas Rocío V , Reatégui-Sokolova Cristina , Pimentel-Quiroz Victor , Rodriguez-Bellido Zoila , Pastor-Asurza César A , Perich-Campos Risto , Alarcón Graciela S , Ugarte-Gil Manuel F
Published: September 2022

Objective

To evaluate the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Frailty Index (SLICC-FI) as a predictor of damage accrual in a primarily Mestizo SLE patient cohort.

Methods

Patients from a single-center prevalent cohort were included. Damage accrual was defined as the increase in the SLICC/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) damage index (SDI) scores between the baseline and the last visits. The SLICC-FI was measured at baseline. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were performed to determine the association between the baseline SLICC-FI (per 0.05 increase) and the increase in the SDI, adjusted for possible confounders. Alternative analyses using negative binomial regression models including the difference between the last and the first SDI as outcome were performed.

Results

Of the 265 patients included, 248 (93.6%) were female with mean (SD) age of 35.1 (13.6) years at diagnosis. At baseline, mean (SD) SLE disease duration was 7.3 (6.5) years, SDI was 1.0 (1.2) and the SLICC-FI was 0.22 (0.05). After a mean (SD) of 5.2 (2.2) years of follow-up, the SDI increased in 126 (47.5%) patients, and the final mean (SD) SDI score was 1.7 (1.7). Higher SLICC-FI scores at baseline predicted greater damage accrual in the univariable analysis [Hazard Ratio (HR) =1.38, (CI95% 1.16–1.65); p < 0.001] and in the multivariable model, after adjustment for possible confounders [HR = 1.30 (CI95% 1.02–1.66); p = 0.033].

Conclusion

SLICC-FI predicts the occurrence of damage accrual in a prevalent SLE Latin-American cohort with short or long disease duration, supporting the relevance of this index in the evaluation of SLE patients.
Identification of Immune Infiltration and Effective Immune Biomarkers in Acute Lung Injury by Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Ling Dandan , Zhang Xiang , Wu Jiamin , Xu Qianyun , He Zhiyong , Zhang Jun
Published: September 2022

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious complication in clinical settings. This study aimed to elucidate the immune molecular mechanisms underlying ALI by bioinformatics analysis. Human ALI and six ALI mouse model datasets were collected. Immune cell infiltration between the ALI samples and non-ALI controls was estimated using the ssGSEA algorithm. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and Wilcoxon test were performed to obtain the significantly different immune cell infiltration types. Immune feature genes were screened by differential analysis and the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm. Functional enrichment was then performed and candidate hub biomarkers were identified. Finally, the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to predict their diagnostic performances. Three significantly different immune cell types (B cells, CD4 T cells, and CD8 T cells) were identified between the ALI samples and controls. A total of 13 immune feature genes were obtained by WGCNA and differential analysis and found to be significantly associated with immune functions and lung diseases. Four hub genes, including CD180, CD4, CD74, and MCL1 were identified using cytoHubba and were shown to have good specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of ALI. Correlation analysis suggested that CD4 was positively associated with T cells, whereas MCL1 was negatively correlated with B and T cells. We found that CD180, CD4, CD74, and MCL1 can serve as specific immune biomarkers for ALI. MCL1–B cell, MCL1–T cell, and CD4–T cell axes may be involved in the progression of ALI.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer screening in New York City
Authors: Lee Briton , Young Sigrid , Williams Renee , Liang Peter S
Published: September 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the delivery of cancer screening. The resulting decrease in outpatient visits and cancellations of non-urgent procedures have negatively affected colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. We aimed to determine the effect of the pandemic on CRC screening at a safety-net hospital and a private health system based in New York City.

Methods

We identified individuals eligible for CRC screening aged 50 to 75 years presenting for outpatient care at a safety-net public hospital and private health system in April through September of 2019 and 2020. The primary outcome was the proportion of screening-eligible patients seen in primary care who underwent CRC screening.

Results

The safety-net hospital had 516 (6.1% of screening-eligible individuals) and 269 (4.3%) screening tests completed in 2019 and 2020, respectively (p < 0.01). Fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) accounted for 69.6% of screening in 2019 and 88.1% in 2020. Colonoscopy accounted for 20.3% of screening in 2019 and 11.9% in 2020. The private health system had 39 (0.7%) and 21 (0.6%) screening tests completed in 2019 and 2020, respectively (p = 0.48). FIT accounted for 61.9% of screening in 2019 and 57.1% in 2020. Colonoscopy accounted for 38.1% of screening in 2019 and 42.9% in 2020.

Conclusion

Absolute numbers of screening tests decreased for both institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We observed a decrease in screening uptake and increase in proportional FIT use in the safety-net hospital but no change in the private health system.
Empowerment through Mobile Apps: A Mixed Methods Case Study of an Application for Pregnant Women
Authors: Delgado Gustavo Varela , de Carvalho Rodrigo Baroni , Choo Chun Wei , Leite Ramon Silva , de Castro José Márcio
Published: September 2022

This article analyses the manner in which mobile health applications contribute to the empowerment of patients. The theoretical background included m-health, user empowerment and value co-creation. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to investigate the representative case study of the Kangaroo application, a free app designed by a health-tech start-up and a reference Brazilian hospital which seeks to make Brazilian women empowered for a healthy pregnancy. The data collection effort comprised application log analysis of 6 months of records of almost one-hundred thousand users, a mobile-based survey with approximately 400 women, and 16 in-depth interviews. The results demonstrated that the app’s social features impacted more than personal features. This research’s results suggested that the perception of patient empowerment is not greater for the active users of the application, so the patient is not related to ‘doing’, but rather to ‘being able to do’. The participation of specialised professionals, who moderate and interact with the app community, is valued by the users and mentioned as a differential among other health information sources available on the Web. This study was approved by the Brazilian Research Ethics Committee.
The anatomic – magnetic resonance imaging study of distal triceps brachii tendon
Authors: Kholinne Erica , Kwak Jae-Man , Heo Yijin , Hwang Seung-Jun
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The study aimed to describe the distal triceps brachii insertion on the olecranon and to correlate the findings with those seen in normal MR (Magnetic Resonance) anatomy of the triceps brachii insertion.

Materials and methods

14 un-paired fresh frozen elbows were included according to the institution guidelines and dissected. Histologic examination was performed to the distal triceps brachii insertion. The dimension of the distal triceps brachii tendon insertion was measured and defined based on its layer. The measurement of distal triceps brachii insertion was performed with image processing program (Image J, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland). T1-weighted elbow MR images (3.0 T) of a 102 patients were acquired and analyzed according to its sagittal plane.

Results

All specimens shows that distal triceps brachii tendon is with three distinct insertional areas in the olecranon which are: (1) capsular, (2) deep muscular, (3) superficial tendinous insertion with the areas of 80.7 mm2, 56.4 mm2, and 175.2 mm2, respectively. The superficial tendinous insertion was observed with a thickened portion, the “central cord” with 0.5 occupation ratio. MR analysis showed that 30% (31/102) of the distal biceps brachii insertion was with a cleft between the bipartite insertion of the superficial tendinous and the deep muscular insertion on olecranon which designated as the “lacuna” which was also found in 35% (5/14) of the specimens.

Conclusions

The distal triceps brachii has three distinct insertion on the olecranon. The superficial tendinous layer was separated with the deep muscular layer by a cleft in one third of the cases. Knowledge of this anatomy will help surgeon to understand the partial triceps injury and to avoid iatrogenic injury to the distal triceps tendon during surgery.
Depathologizing Addiction: Considerations of Hegemonic Masculinity in and Around Problematic Video Gaming
Authors: Gelūnas Benediktas
Published: September 2022

In 2018, gaming disorder was accepted as a new official addiction diagnosis. Young males are at the highest risk of receiving this diagnosis. Despite that, the relations between video games and masculinity in the context of pathologization have only been discussed very sparsely so far. Employing theories of hegemonic masculinity as a tool of critical review, I explore these relations in three contexts: the industry of video games, the social cultures in and around them, and neoliberal social change. I argue that pathologization of gaming individualizes and risks maintaining broader and deeper issues related to masculinity, gaming, and social inequalities.
Prevalence and Patterns of EGFR Mutations in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Boustany Youssra , Laraqui Abdelilah , El Rhaffouli Hicham , Bajjou Tahar , El Mchichi Bouchra , El Anaz Hicham , Amine Idriss Lahlou , Chahdi Hafsa , Oukabli Mohammed , Souhi Hicham , Elouazzani Hanane , Rhorfi Ismail Abderrahmani , Abid Ahmed , Mahfoud Tarik , Tanz Rachid , Ichou Mohammed , Ennibi Khaled , Belkadi Bouchra , Sekhsokh Yassine
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study aims to analyze the prevalence and spectrum of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations within the Middle East and North Africa region, compare the findings to other parts of the world, and explore the geographic disparities of EGFR mutations across the region.

Methods

We conducted a literature search using the terms “[EGFR] AND [mutation] AND [Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer] AND [Middle East OR North Africa]”, using PubMed, Science Direct, Web of science, Embase, Scopus, and Google scholar.

Results

A total of 15 eligible studies were included and 6122 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were analyzed. Male patients were predominant in all of the considered studies, accounting for 70.4%. Of the included patients, 65.6% were smokers and 88.3% had been diagnosed with adenocarcinoma. Overall, EGFR mutations prevalence was 17.2%. In the Middle East, the reported frequency was 16.5%, ranging from 11.3% in Lebanon to 29.7% in the Gulf region. In North Africa, the prevalence of EGFR mutations was 18%, ranging from 17.5% in Egypt to 21.5% in Morocco. The most prevalent mutations were the exon 19 deletions (46.7%) followed by exon 21 substitutions (31.1%). Exon 20 alterations were detected in 10.8% of the analyzed cases, whereas exon 18 mutations were reported in 3.4% of the EGFR-mutated patients. There was 1.1% of patients that had concurrent EGFR mutations. Overall, EGFR mutation prevalence was higher in females [females vs males: 29.7% vs 5.9%, P<.001], non-smokers [non-smokers vs smokers: 31.3% vs 9.6%, P<.001], and patients with adenocarcinoma [adenocarcinoma vs non-adenocarcinoma: 18.8% vs 6.5%, P<.001].

Conclusion

EGFR mutation prevalence among the Middle East and North Africa populations is slightly higher than that seen in NSCLC patients of Caucasian ethnicity but is lower than that identified in Asian NSCLC patients. The distribution of these mutations varies considerably throughout the region.
Addressing the Barriers to Clinical Trials Accrual in Community Cancer Centres Using a National Clinical Trials Navigator:A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Hamm Caroline , Cavallo-Medved Dora , Moudgil Devinder , McGrath Lee , Huang John , Li Yueyang , Stratton Tyler W. , Robinson Tyler , Naccarato Krista , Sundquist Stephen , Dancey Janet
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Clinical trials, although academically accepted as the most effective treatment available for cancer patients, poor accrual to clinical trials remains a significant problem. A clinical trials navigator (CTN) program was piloted where patients and/or their healthcare professionals could request a search and provide a list of potential cancer clinical trials in which a patient may be eligible based on their current status and disease.

Objectives

This study examined the outcomes of a pilot program to try to improve clinical trials accrual with a focus on patients at medium to small sized cancer programs. Outcomes examined included patient disposition (referral to and accrual to interventional trials), patient survival, sites of referral to the CTN program.

Methods

One 0.5 FTE navigator was retained. Stakeholders referred to the CTN through the Canadian Cancer Clinical Trials Network. Demographic and outcomes data were recorded.

Results

Between March 2019 and February 2020, 118 patients from across Canada used the program. Seven per cent of patients referred were enrolled onto treatment clinical trials. No available trial excluded 39% patients, and 28% had a decline in their health and died before they could be referred or enrolled onto a clinical trial. The median time from referral to death was 109 days in those that passed.

Conclusion

This novel navigator pilot has the potential to increase patient accrual to clinical trials. The CTN program services the gap in the clinical trials system, helping patients in medium and small sized cancer centres identify potential clinical trials at larger centres.
Patients with septo-optic dysplasia: General ophthalmologic assessment and retinal imaging
Authors: Eibenberger Katharina , Rezar-Dreindl Sandra , Briem Jakob , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula , Stifter Eva
Published: September 2022

Background

To evaluate the functional development and, retinal and optic disc morphology using OCT in patients with septo-optic dysplasia (SOD).

Methods

This retrospective case series included patients diagnosed with SOD between 2007 and 2020. Ophthalmologic assessment included visual acuity (VA) and funduscopy at the initial and last presentation. Retinal imaging included OCT of the macula analyzing the retinal morphology, central retinal thickness volume (CRT) and ganglion cell layer (GCL). Also, scans of the optic nerve head were taken to evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and global value.

Results

38 eyes of 19 children with a mean age 6.3 ± 5.3 years were included. 31.6% showed all 3 characteristics of SOD, whereof ONH, midline defects and endocrine dysfunctions were found in 94.7%, 89.5% and 47.4% respectively. The mean VA was 0.70 ± 0.66logMar in the right eye (RE) and 0.40 ± 0.55logMar in the left eye (LE) at the initial presentation. No change of vision (RE: 0.69 ± 0.71logMar; LE: 0.31 ± 0.57logMar) was found after a follow-up period of 6.3 ± 4.5years. Funduscopy showed an ONH in 79% (n = 30/38), tortuous retinal vessels in 36.8% (n = 14/38) and a double-ring sign in 15.8% (n = 6/38). Retinal imaging showed variable morphology. 6 eyes of 4 patients showed temporal retinal thinning with corresponding GCL attenuation. The optic nerve head appearance varied between no changes, sectoral and hemispherical reduction.

Conclusions

Patients suffering from SOD show diverse expression of retinal changes such as retinal, GCL and RNFL thinning in OCT. Furthermore, visual function remained stable during follow-up examinations, indicating no further alteration due to underlying pathology.
Cytokine levels in the aqueous humor of young and senior patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Zhao Qi , An Weiting , Han Jindong
Published: September 2022

Objective

To evaluate the aqueous humor levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) as biomarkers of the severity of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in young and senior patients.

Methods

This was a prospective clinical study. From October 2020 to June 2021, 37 patients (37 eyes) who were diagnosed with PDR and received pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) at Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital were recruited and allocated to either the young (16 patients, 16 eyes) or senior subgroup (21 patients, 21 eyes). Twelve patients with cataracts (12 eyes) who underwent phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation during the same period were recruited in the control group. The fibrovascular proliferation (FVP) grade and PDR severity scores were recorded during PPV. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of VEGF, CTGF, and TNF-α in the aqueous humor.

Results

(1) Young patients with PDR had a higher FVP grade and PDR severity score ( P = 0.037, = 0.009); (2) The levels of the three cytokines in the study group were all significantly higher than in the control group (all P < 0.001); (3) The CTGF level in the young subgroup (2239.55 ± 167.32 pg/mL) was significantly higher than that in the senior subgroup (2114.49 ± 102.04 pg/mL) ( P = 0.025). The VEGF level in the young subgroup (311.09 ± 10.74 pg/mL) was significantly lower than that in the senior subgroup (324.85 ± 14.97 pg/mL) ( P = 0.004). The TNF-α level was not statistically different between the two subgroups ( P = 0.382); (4) The CTGF/VEGF ratio in the young subgroup (7.20 ± 0.54) was significantly higher than in the senior subgroup (6.52 ± 0.39) ( P < 0.001); (5) The CTGF/VEGF ratio was positively correlated with the FVP grades (R = 0.377, P = 0.022) and with the PDR severity scores (R = 0.354, P = 0.032) in patients with PDR.

Conclusion

The aqueous humor CTGF/VEGF ratio was positively correlated with the severity of PDR. A higher CTGF/VEGF ratio in the aqueous humor proved that neovascular fibrosis was more serious in young patients when they received PPV.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Digital Health Intervention to Promote Continued Engagement in Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Following Release From Jail/Prison
Authors: Langdon Kirsten J , Jiménez Muñoz Paola , Block Amanda , Scherzer Caroline , Ramsey Susan
Published: September 2022

Background:

Despite the extensive benefits of implementing Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) in jail/prison, criminal justice-involved populations face significant challenges when transitioning back to the community following a period of incarceration. These risk factors are associated with increased drug use and discontinuation of evidence-based care. Novel intervention strategies are needed to support this high-risk period of transition. The primary objective of this protocol was to gather perspectives from the target population to optimize feasibility and acceptability of a combined in-person and text message-delivered intervention designed to support community reentry and continuation of MOUD.

Methods:

Participants (n = 8), who had prior experience engaging in MOUD while in jail/prison, were recruited from an outpatient primary care clinic in Rhode Island. A semi-structured interview was conducted to assess barriers/facilitators to technology following release, experiences of community reentry and OUD treatment, perceptions of continuum of care, and feasibility/acceptability of the intervention. All interviews were coded independently by 2 research assistants.

Results:

Participants reacted positively toward an intervention designed to support the transition to community-based care. Most participants denied any apprehension about using this type of platform. Obtaining a cell phone following release was endorsed as generally viable; however, special consideration must be paid to the consistency of cell phone service as well as digital literacy. Participants readily agreed on the utility of structured, daily text messages that provide motivational reminders and distress tolerance skill suggestions as well as the opportunity to access “on-demand” support.

Conclusion:

Overall, individuals engaged in MOUD while in jail/prison were receptive to a motivational- and distress tolerance-based digital health intervention to support recovery. Incorporating thematic results on suggested structural changes may increase the usability of this intervention to promote continuation of MOUD following release from jail/prison.
Outcomes of Monoclonal Antibody Infusion Treatment During Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) COVID 19 Variant Surges among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients
Authors: Ghazanfar Haider , Haider Asim , Gurjar Hitesh , Hernandez Nolberto , Jyala Abhilasha , Bhatt Tanushree , Zeana Cosmina , Chilimuri Sridhar
Published: September 2022

Background:

Coronavirus infection of 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Vaccines supplement public health and social measures in preventing severe illness and mortality from COVID-19; however, vaccination rates remain inadequate in many regions. It is important to continuously explore the effective treatment due to the insufficient vaccination rate and increasing number of patients infected with virus. The emergence of new variants has led to multiple surges throughout the world requiring changes to treatment protocols.

Method:

We conducted a single-center observational study on all adult patients who received monoclonal antibody (mAb) infusion as a treatment for COVID-19 infection. Based on the predominant variant, patients were either offered Casirivimab (600 mg)/imdevimab (600 mg) or Sotrovimab (500 mg). Forty-six patients were given mAbs; 24 were vaccinated, and the remaining unvaccinated.

Result:

The mean age was 56 years, and the majority (63.04%) of the patients were female. Clinical symptoms of COVID-19 improved within 3 days of infusion in the majority of the patients (70%). None of the patients who received mAb showed progression of disease or required hospitalization at 30 days follow-up. There were no deaths at 30 days follow-up. Monoclonal antibodies are highly effective in reducing hospitalizations and mortality when given within 7 days of symptoms onset in patients with high-risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19 infection. The mean number of days after the onset at which the mAbs were administered to the patient was 4.

Conclusion:

Monoclonal antibodies should be considered in both vaccinated and unvaccinated patients with COVID-19 infection if newer antiviral agents are contraindicated. Our study highlights the effectiveness of monoclonal antibody infusions when given early in the course of COVID-19 infection regardless of vaccination status
Predictors of Stunting and Underweight Among Children Aged 6 to 59 months in Bussi Islands, Wakiso District, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nsubuga Edirisa Juniour , Arinda Kato Ivan , Lee Seungwon , Ssenyondo Muzafaru , Isunju John Bosco
Published: September 2022

Background:

Child undernutrition is a major public health concern in Uganda that can lead to increased risks of death with its prevalence higher in rural hard-to-reach areas than in urban areas. While it is assumed that the prevalence will be more concerning in islands with restricted accessibility to healthcare resources, limited research has been conducted on the prevalence and associated factors of stunting and underweight among children in Bussi Islands of Uganda. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of stunting and underweight among children aged 6 to 59 months in Bussi Islands of Wakiso District in Uganda.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bussi Islands of Wakiso District. Sociodemographic and anthropometric measurements were obtained for randomly sampled 409 caretaker-child pairs from 409 households. Data was collected using pre-tested structured electronic questionnaires validated by the Uganda Ministry of Health. Anthropometric indices were calculated using ENA-SMART version 2011 and data analysis was conducted using STATA version 14. Modified Poisson regression was used to generate Unadjusted and Adjusted Prevalence Ratios (APRs) with 95% confidence intervals.

Results:

Prevalence of stunting and underweight among children in Bussi Islands were 29.8% and 16.1%, respectively. Independent predictors of stunting included: suffering from diarrhea (APR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.5); household food insecurity (APR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.4); and child age of 12 to 23 months and 24 to 35 months (APR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3, 4.0 and APR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.6 respectively). Protective factors against stunting were not suffering from measles (APR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.92); receiving deworming tablets every 6 months (APR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.81); and daily household utilization of more than 80 L of water (APR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.95). Predictors of underweight were suffering from diarrhea (APR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.4, 3.4) and having more than 9 household members (APR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.1, 7.5).

Conclusions:

Child stunting and underweight are prevalent public health problems in Bussi Islands of Wakiso District. Therefore, the study suggests that nutrition interventions in the Islands should focus on childhood vaccination, family planning, sufficient safe water coverage, household food security, and health education of child caretakers on optimal infant and young child feeding and development.
Immunotherapy With Checkpoint Inhibitors in FGFR-Altered Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Benjamin David J , Mar Nataliya , Rezazadeh Kalebasty Arash
Published: September 2022

The treatment landscape of metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) remained unchanged for over 30 years until the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in 2016. Since then, several ICIs have been approved for the treatment of mUC. In addition, recent molecular characterization of bladder cancer has revealed several subtypes, including those harboring fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) mutations and fusion proteins. Erdafitinib, a pan-FGFR inhibitor, was approved for the treatment of metastatic/advanced UC in 2019. Some available evidence suggests ICI may have inferior response in advanced FGFR+ UC for unclear reasons, but may possibly be related to the tumor microenvironment. Several ongoing trials are evaluating erdafitinib in metastatic/advanced UC including the ongoing phase IB/II NORSE trial combining erdafitinib plus ICI, which may prove to offer a more robust and durable response in patients with FGFR+ metastatic/advanced UC.
Memory as a wound in words: on trans-generational trauma, ethical memory and artistic speech
Authors: Schmukalla Magda
Published: September 2022

In this article, I ask how memory of historical trauma, which spreads across generations and which resists the comfort of linear temporality, familiar ritual and narrative, might feel, and what it might look and sound like. How might the memory of trans-generational trauma be shared and expressed? What could be ethical ways of engaging with the presence of such traumatic experiences? The article explores these questions by looking at how experiences of the womb make possible a sensual re-engagement with painful and unacknowledged historical experiences and so allow for a feminine response or sense of ‘response-ability’ to the presence of trans-generational trauma. It further shows how such a feminine response to trauma is enacted in an artistic speech, which does not strengthen present identities but makes tangible their decomposition. I develop this argument by reading diffractively through a web of conceptual and sensual entanglements, which emerge from excerpts from Karen Barad's quantum theory, Bracha Ettinger's psychoanalytic theory, Joanna Rajkowska's artwork Born in Berlin and my personal presence in the text. The article emphasises the importance of affect as a non-discursive source for the memory of unclaimed traumatic experiences, but it also shows how an embodied recognition of such affects leads to ruptures in discourse and to alternative forms of trauma's presence in speech and thought.
EU regulation between uniformity, differentiation, and experimentalism: Electricity and banking compared
Authors: Zeitlin Jonathan , Rangoni Bernardo
Published: September 2022

How far and under what conditions may experimentalist governance be an efficient and legitimate means of responding to diversity among EU member states, in comparison to both conventional uniform regulation and differentiated integration? By comparing two major domains where the challenge of integrating national diversity has arisen prominently, electricity and banking, we find that under conditions of high interdependence and high uncertainty, diachronic experimentalism may be a necessary condition for synchronic uniformity. Uniform rules can be accepted as efficient and legitimate by member states, provided that they are regularly revised based on implementation experience through deliberative review processes in which national officials themselves participate. Our findings on EU banking regulation further suggest that experimentalist governance and differentiated integration may also be complementary, but asymmetrically so, in that the latter depends on the former to accommodate diversity within and across member states, but not vice versa.
Behind closed doors. A case study exploring the lived experiences of a family of a person with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Bruinsma Jeroen , Peetoom Kirsten , Verhey Frans , Bakker Christian , de Vugt Marjolein
Published: September 2022

Objective

The behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia is characterized by profound changes in personality and behavior that often start before the age of 65 years. These symptoms impact family life, particularly if (adult) children live at home. In research on young-onset dementia or frontotemporal dementia, the family itself is hardly ever a unit of analysis. Insight in the perspectives of different family members from the same household helps to obtain a deeper understanding of the complex impact of the symptoms on family dynamics.

Methods

This case study explored the perspectives of one family having a relative with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia living at home. Over the course of 4 months, different family members were individually interviewed twice. Two authors independently performed a directed content analysis.

Results

The family consisted of a father, mother, and three adult children. Around 3 years before the interviews the father was diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia. The main category identified was the change in family dynamics over the disease trajectory. Three subcategories characterized the changing family dynamics, namely (a) the change in existing roles, relationships and interaction patterns in the family due to early symptoms, (b) a redefinition of roles and responsibility in the family once the diagnosis was established, and (c) the formation of new roles, relationships and interaction patterns in the family by organizing post-diagnostic support at home.

Conclusion

Symptoms of the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia have a complex and profound impact on family dynamics and change existing roles, relationships, and interaction patterns. Psychosocial support may help families by accounting for individual differences in involvement, coping, and bereavement. This may help to create a sense of mutual understanding between family members that could potentially strengthen their relationship. This may help families to deal with the difficult challenge of organizing care for a relative with frontotemporal dementia who lives at home.
A Critical Approach to Interviewing Academic Elites: Access, Trust, and Power
Authors: Liu Yali , Buckingham Louisa
Published: September 2022

To date, research on elite interviews has primarily focused on political or business settings in European and Anglo-American contexts. In this study, we examine the procedures involved in conducting elite interviews in academic settings, drawing on fieldwork with 53 senior scholars at 10 universities across five regions of northern China. We provide a detailed, critically reflective account of strategies to gain access, develop trust, and manage the power imbalance. Our account reveals the importance of the researcher’s professional identity in gaining participants’ trust and determining adequate forms of reciprocity.
Point of care detection of infection/inflammation in the diabetic clinic
Authors: Levinson Tal , Zehavi Nir Tal , Berliner Shlomo , Zeltser David , Shapira Itzhak , Shenhar-Tsarfaty Shani , Wasserman Asaf , Goldiner Ilana , Rogowski Ori , Shtark Moshe
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Patients with diabetes are prone to infections. An elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) level indicates an underlying infection/inflammation; hence, a reliable point-of-care (POC) CRP measurement, independent of glucose level, would be advantageous in rapid detection of an inflammatory process and allowing for appropriate therapy in a timely manner. Methods: A validation study of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed with an inflammatory condition either infectious or non-infectious underwent a capillary CRP measurement on the same blood drop used for the measurement of capillary glucose level. Results: 154 samples from patients with diabetes across a broad range of CRP levels that underwent capillary CRP measurement, demonstrating a linear profile of the dynamic range compared with the wide range CRP assay, with significant correlation of R2 = 0.9 and a slope of 0.98 (95% C.I: 0.91–1). Bland Altman analysis, presents a positive bias profile; the total difference between assays is 6.6 mg/L. The mean bias between methods is 13.34% (C.I 95% 9.8–17.5%). The total agreement between the methods is 89%, the observed Kappa index is: 0.71 with confidence interval of 0.57–0.84 indicating substantial agreement between the methods. C-reactive protein level is independent of glucose concentration. Conclusion: Point-of-care capillary CRP testing is a useful mean of early detection of infection/inflammation in patients with diabetes and enables the treating physician to rapidly assess and treat the patients underlying inflammatory process.
NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its inhibitory drugs in connection with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Zafar-Mohammadi Khashayar , Poursamimi Javad , Atabaki Mahdi
Published: September 2022

SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the beta coronavirus family that cause the inflammatory condition, acute pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS is the most important reason of mortality in patients, characterized as a highly increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Inflammasome is a complex, which has an essential role in inflammatory situation, and NOD, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) is the most studied inflammasome that is considered to play vital roles in the virus infection and its pathogenesis. Our search language was limited to English and the search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed and Embase. Based on published articles, our current narrative review first explains the structure of the SARS-Cov2 virus and then describes the function of the NLRP3 inflammasome in relation to COVID-19 and drugs effective in controlling it. The NLRP3 inflammasome activation related to the initiation of inflammatory cascade including important cytokines production and releases such as IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β. Thus, targeting the NLRP3 as a member of the innate immune system may be helpful for the reduction of ARDS clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients.
Structural and construct validity of the Quality of Life Scale among Canadian women with histories of intimate partner violence
Authors: Jaradat Diana , Ford-Gilboe Marilyn , Berman Helene , Wong Carol
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

To evaluate the structural and construct validity, and internal consistency of the Quality of Life Scale among Canadian women with histories of intimate partner violence.

Methods:

Consistent with COSMIN Guidelines, a secondary analysis was conducted using data from a community sample of 250 adult (over 18 years) Canadian women with histories of partner violence and who participated in Wave 5 of the longitudinal Women’s Health Effects Study. Data were collected 4 years after baseline using structured interviews that included the Quality of Life Scale and two mental symptom scales (Center for Epidemiological Depression Scale and Davidson Trauma Scale) used to assess construct validity of the Quality of Life Scale.

Results:

Confirmatory factor analysis in MPLUS 8 with maximum likelihood estimation supported the hypothesized unidimensional structure of the 9-item Quality of Life Scale based on acceptable fit indices. Internal consistency, estimated using Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability, were .91 and .92, respectively, with item-total correlations ranging from .46 to .84. Inter-item correlation coefficients (range = .30–.79), suggesting that all items contribute to the total score. As hypothesized, the quality of life total score was negatively related to the total scores on both the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression ( r = –.739) and Davidson Trauma Scale ( r = –.537), providing evidence of construct validity of the Quality of Life Scale.

Conclusion:

The Quality of Life Scale is a brief, reliable, valid, unidimensional self-report measure appropriate for use with women who have experienced partner violence. By addressing an important measurement gap, results of this study have potential to advance research on women’s quality of life in the context of partner violence, including improving the evaluation of a growing body of advocacy and health interventions designed to support women’s healing and well-being.
Effects of a nurse-led Tai Chi programme on improving quality of life, mental wellbeing, and physical function of women with breast cancer: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Carol Chunfeng , Geraghty Sadie , Fox-Harding Caitlin , Wang Calvin
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

Quality of life, mental wellbeing, and physical function deteriorate among women with breast cancer. Tai Chi is a moderate form of exercise that may be effective in improving the mental and physical wellbeing, therefore, the quality of life of women with breast cancer. This protocol paper outlines a trial to determine the therapeutic effects of a Tai Chi programme on breast cancer management.

Methods:

The study will be an interventional, single-blind, double-armed, randomized, and controlled trial involving a 12-week Tai Chi programme for women with breast cancer. Forty participants aged 18 years and above who are diagnosed with breast cancer from the general community will be recruited. All participants will be randomized to either a Tai Chi programme or a waiting list control group. The Tai Chi programme will involve 12 weeks of group Tai Chi sessions, with 45 min per session, twice a week. The primary outcome will be potential improvements to the quality of life, and secondary outcomes will be potential improvements in mental wellbeing (anxiety and depression), and physical function (pain, flexibility, obesity, and vital signs). These outcomes will be assessed via self-administered online assessments and physical examinations pre-and post-intervention. Linear mixed modelling will be used to assess changes in outcomes.

Discussion and dissemination:

Tai Chi is a safe, easy to learn, inexpensive, and low-intensity exercise with increasing popularity worldwide. If the intervention improves the quality of life in women with breast cancer, this study will build research capacity and increase awareness of the potential for Tai Chi to empower patients and engage them in self-management of breast cancer symptoms. Research findings will be disseminated to the public, health professionals, researchers, and healthcare providers through conference presentations, lay summaries, and peer-reviewed publications.
Teaching for transformative citizenship: A study of preservice social studies teachers’ developing beliefs and practices
Authors: Martinelle Rob , Martell Christopher C , Chalmers-Curren Jennifer P
Published: September 2022

In this interpretative case study, the researchers examined the democratic and multicultural beliefs and related practices of 11 preservice social studies teachers in the northeastern United States. They collected interview, observation, and classroom artifact data throughout the participants’ teacher preparation experience. Using Banks’s typology of citizenship as the theoretical framework, this study found: (1) Most of the participants had clear definitions of democratic citizenship, but only a few had a specific focus on critical multiculturalism. (2) Participants with strong content knowledge and social justice beliefs were better able to enact classroom-based multicultural democratic education. This study illuminates the need to prepare beginning teachers to teach for a multicultural view of democratic citizenship through building on their prior beliefs and supporting their use of justice-oriented practice.