bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MULTI-CRITERIA MODEL TO ASSESS THE POTENTIALS OF CAT BA NATIONAL PARK TO DEVELOP TOURISM TIED TO CONSERVATION
Authors:   Institute of Geography — Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Thu Nhung Nguyen , Thu Hoa Le Thi ,   Tay Bac University, Van Huong Le ,   Institute of Geography — Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hoang Hai Pham ,   Institute of Geography — Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Thu Huong Le Thi ,   National Academy of public Administration, Thu Van Tran Thi ,   Institute of Geography — Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Duc An Nguyen ,   Tay Bac University
Published: April 2024

For a sustainable tourist destination, a multi-criteria assessment is essential. The assessment results are the basis for managers to make optimal development decisions for the destination. In particular, for the nature-based tourist sites (protected areas, national parks), the assessment of tourism potentials will establish the basis for protecting, monitoring ecosystems, and managing the tourism sustainable development calendar. The Multi-Criteria Method and additional methods were applied to assess tourism potentials as well as to propose conservation measures for Cat Ba National Park in Vietnam. Through the assessment of six criteria (location/accessibility, attractiveness, tourist capacity, environmental sustainability, travel duration, and tourism infrastructure/tourism technology), the results indicate that Cat Ba National Park (Vietnam) is an attractive tourist destination with a good tourist capacity, a convenient location for tourists to move, and a long tourism time of the year. However, Cat Ba National Park is a place where environmental sustainability is still limited; its exploitation needs to be considered along with its conservation, degradation prevention, and ecosystem monitoring.
DESTRUCTION OF UKRAINIAN CITIES DURING THE RUSSIAN AGGRESSION (SOCIO-GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON MARIUPOL)
Authors:   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Pidgrushnyi G. P. , Sikorska L. B. ,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study is to examine and summarize the features and consequences of the devastation of cities in southeastern Ukraine by the Russian invaders during the initial phase of a large-scale war. It has been determined that the occupier’s adoption of the scorched earth tactic resulted in the complete destruction of numerous settlements, including dozens of cities within the country. It led to a severe disruption of the state’s territorial planning structure. Mariupol, a prominent socio-economic center of the nation, endured extensive devastation and significant civilian casualties. The article examines the distinctive characteristics of the town’s economic progress, the development of its society, the identity of its population, and its social roles. Special emphasis is given to the establishment of the city’s planning framework in response to economic and environmental factors. The planning structure significantly influenced the enemy’s advance, the positioning of the city’s defenders’ strongholds, and the areas that were destroyed. The authors aim to analyze the socio-economic and demographic situation in the city under occupation, based on the media screening. The city has experienced significant civilian casualties, and both its economic framework and infrastructure have been entirely demolished. The occupiers’ statements regarding the reconstruction of Mariupol can be characterized as propagandistic and primarily consisting of declarations. The governing authorities are actively implementing measures to alter the ethnic composition of the population and its cultural identity. The authors define the large-scale destruction of Mariupol and the extermination of its population as the initial phase of a more intricate process of comprehensive urban transformation, referred to as urban transmutation. The key component of it involves an extensive redesign of the city’s urban foundation, planning, and functional framework, as well as the city’s population with its demographic traits, educational attainment, and cultural identity. The post-war reconstruction of Mariupol should incorporate a reevaluation of its role, as the complete reconstruction of ferrous metallurgy in Mariupol during this process presents major challenges. The city’s reconstruction should prioritize the adoption of cutting-edge technological systems centered around digitalization, green technologies, circular production, and other similar advancements.
ОСОБИСТІСНІ ЧИННИКИ СХИЛЬНОСТІ ДО НЕГАТИВНОГО ЕСКАПІЗМУ СЕРЕД СТУДЕНТІВ УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ
Authors: Носенко Е.Л. , Аршава І.Ф.
Published: April 2024

Проаналізовано підходи до концептуалізації поняття ескапізм в психології. З посиланнями на дослідження зарубіжних авторів, зокрема російських, розглянута можливість концептуалізації феномену негативного ескапізму як багатофункціональної копінг-стратегії типу «уникнення». Емпірично визначено особистісні передумови переживання студентами університету негативного ескапізму як копінг-стратегії типу «уникнення» і негативний вплив схильності до ескапізму цього типу на психологічне благополуччя і якість життя суб’єкта навчання.
FINANZAS COMPORTAMENTALES: UNA PERSPECTIVA INTERDISCIPLINARIA
Authors: Hermosilla Cortés Jonathan L. , Hermosilla González Jonathan F.
Published: April 2024

La teoría financiera clásica no considera las “anomalías o imperfecciones” del mercado dentro de su análisis y por otro lado, se pone en duda la capacidad informacional de la hipótesis de eficiencia de mercado orientándose a una nueva perspectiva denominada finanzas comportamentales. La perspectiva de las finanzas comportamentales viene a evidenciar esas llamadas “anomalías” como algo que es parte del sistema financiero por el simple hecho de que las finanzas son movidas por seres humanos, los cuales tenemos ciertos comportamientos en distintas situaciones que sobrepasan el orden de lo racional. Las finanzas comportamentales son una nueva perspectiva interdisciplinaria y dinámica que trae a la palestra esta necesidad de entender el comportamiento humano como parte del mercado. La psicología llega a aportar una visión más integral del mercado en donde se toma más en cuenta a la persona ya que en el proceso de toma de decisión se juega un rol principal, el comportamiento humano que no siempre es racional. El objetivo principal de nuestro trabajo consiste en presentar las principales consideraciones, características e implicancias de las finanzas comportamentales como respuesta a las falencias de la teoría financiera clásica y de las hipótesis de eficiencia de mercado. Para ello, se utilizará un enfoque descriptivo y análisis documental, considerando los principales elementos de la psicología aplicada al comportamiento de los agentes del mercado de capitales. Los principales resultados obtenidos se refieren al aporte de la psicología a las finanzas, considerando que el actual enfrentamiento reside en que los partidarios de las finanzas comportamentales sobrepasen el paradigma de las finanzas clásicas. Algunos autores del movimiento comportamentalista de las finanzas consideran la victoria del paradigma psicológico sobre el paradigma actual. Nos parece pertinente y posible señalar que, si este escenario es realidad, podríamos estar hablando de la primera verdadera revolución científica que habría conocido la teoría financiera moderna.
TURISMO EN UN MODELO DE PROYECCIÓN DE PASAJEROS PARA DIMENSIONAR UN TERMINAL AÉREO
Authors: Del Valle Arévalo Raúl Enrique
Published: April 2024

En Chile ha habido un desarrollo del turismo interno, incrementando una brecha entre el tamaño de las instalaciones de los terminales aéreos de pasajeros y por otro lado la cantidad de personas que hacen uso de él. Para solucionar este problema es necesario estimar la proyección de pasajeros, creando un nuevo modelo. Con esta información se calculan las superficies necesarias y se optimizan los recursos económicos y materiales y además aportando una mayor satisfacción a los pasajeros, personal de aerolíneas y otros. El propósito de esta investigación es aportar a un mejor nivel de los terminales aéreos de pasajeros, desarrollando una nueva metodología que logre dar información que permita eliminar la brecha existente. El objetivo general de esta investigación es crear un modelo que considere al turismo y así generar la información para dimensionar y optimizar los espacios y/o superficies. Esta investigación tiene el alcance en hacer un aporte con una nueva metodología de estimación de la proyección de pasajeros aéreos lo que ayuda a los interesados a las autoridades, a los inversionistas en concesiones aeroportuarias y también a las aerolíneas. Esta investigación se ha llevado a cabo para que su propósito sea aplicada, que su alcance sea descriptivo, su enfoque sea cuantitativo y su diseño sea una investigación de campo. Para obtener la información se trabaja in situ en el aeródromo de Mocopulli y también se recurre a organismos públicos como es la Junta de Aeronáutica Civil, Banco Central, Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, entre otros. El modelo propuesto cumple con los objetivos planteados y también con la hipótesis de investigación. Se aplica en el aeródromo de Mocopulli, Isla de Chiloé. Los resultados obtenidos se comparan con la actual metodología en uso por las autoridades aeronáuticas chilenas.
CAPITAL SOCIAL Y RESPONSABILIDAD EMPRESARIAL. GENERACIÓN DE VALOR DESDE EL ENFOQUE DE LAS PARTES INTERESADAS
Authors: Severino González Pedro , Medina Giacomozzi Alex , Sarmiento Peralta Giusseppe
Published: April 2024

La responsabilidad empresarial y capital social cada vez desbordan con mayor ímpetu los intereses de las partes interesadas, debido a pretenden asegurar la gestión socialmente responsable producto de la consideración de las necesidades y requerimientos de los stakeholders. Ahora bien, esta investigación preliminar busca entregar una propuesta inicial de políticas institucionales integrales que permitan generar un recurso intangible denominado capital social. Para lo cual se ha utilizado la técnica de focos grupales sistemáticos con expertos de diversas disciplinas, dando paso a disposición de un instrumento divido en dimensiones y, compuesto por afirmaciones.
Darstellung der Emotionalität und der DDR-Alltagskultur im Film ,Good Bye, Lenin!ʻ und in seinen Adaptationen
Authors: Soušková Pavlína , Mostýn Martin
Published: April 2024

This article examines the depiction of emotionality and the everyday GDR culture in the renowned German tragicomedy ʽGood Bye, Lenin!ʼ (2003), directed by Wolfgang Becker, which won numerous awards both nationally and internationally, and its comparation in three different forms of the film: the screen play by Bernd Lichtenberg (2003), a book adaptation in plain language by Eva Dix (2015), and a version adapted for people with visual impairment, supplemented by audio descriptions. We investigate how emotionality is manifested linguistically and with the help of which means it can differ in these three media forms, while emphasizing the role they play in the contextual representation of GDR culture. The analysis shows that linguistic and literary elements such as narrative style, culturally specific elements, intertextuality and intermediality, as well as levels of isotopia contribute to the emotional impact of the text and that the audio-described version has the highest emotional potential while the plain language version has the lowest emotional impact.
Deutsche und Tschechen in ausgewählten Werken von Ferdinand von Saar
Authors: Knápek Pavel
Published: April 2024

The article focuses on the aspect of the Czech characters and their relations to Germans in the work of Ferdinand von Saar. Four works that reflect the development of the theme in the author’s work were used to analyse this issue. ‚Innocens‘ represents the early phase of Ferdinand von Saar’s work. His view of Czech characters here differs greatly from the view of Czechs presented in the epic ‚Hermann und Dorothea‘. This work is most strongly devoted to the nationality conflict between Czechs and Germans at the turn of the 20th century. The novella ‚Die Familie Worel‘ emphasises the social component of German Czech relations. In the last case, the focus of this study is on the novella ‚Die Troglodytin‘, which is one of the author’s best and most representative works. The focus here is on a Czech socially disadvantaged character whose fate is portrayed against the background of German-Czech relations.
Climate, conflict and internal migration in Colombia
Authors: Fenz Katharina , Mitterling Thomas , Crespo Cuaresma Jesus , Roitner-Fransecky Isabell
Published: April 2024

Robust empirical evidence on the potential causal linkages between environmental change, conflict and migration is scarce. We evaluate this relationship in the context of internal migration in Colombia for the period from 2000 to 2005. Using municipalitylevel data in a gravity model that considers the issue of endogenous selection regarding both the outbreak of conflicts and the existence of non-zero migration flows, we establish an empirical causal link between droughts, conflict and migration. Our results show a positive relationship between the severity of droughts and the likelihood of conflicts, as well as between conflicts and human mobility, suggesting an indirect effect of climate on internal migration in Colombia.
Relevance of population mobility for climate change mitigation
Authors: Adamo Susana B.
Published: April 2024

Population mobility and immobility are depicted prominently in the climate change adaptation literature either as maladaptation, or failure to adapt, or as a key strategy for adaptation in place or elsewhere. On the other hand, the relevance of population mobility in the context of climate change mitigation has not been highlighted to the same extent as, for example, population growth and fertility. And yet, as the outcomes of people moving around – sometimes in unexpected ways because of local combinations of policies, contexts and shocks – population mobility patterns, trends and levels could both facilitate and constrain climate change mitigation efforts. In this brief note, I suggest that climate change mitigation strategies and actions need to take into account their potential interactions with population mobility because it is a key component of population growth, population distribution and urbanisation trends, as well as a potential contributor to behavioural change.
Dimensions of personality organisation, mentalisation and evaluation of life
and romantic relationship satisfaction
Authors: Soroko Emilia
Published: April 2024

Introduction and objective: The Kernberg’s concept on the levels of personality organisation enables us to understand, on the one hand, the pathomechanism of personality disorders necessary for case conceptualisation in psychotherapy and, on the other hand, to predict individuals’ everyday functioning in interpersonal relationships and the experienced life satisfaction. In this study, we inquire whether dimensions of pathological personality structure are associated with negative evaluations of life satisfaction and interpersonal relationships. Additionally, we explored whether these relationships are modified by impaired mentalisation (as a mediator) and clinical group membership (as a moderator). Materials and methods: The study involved 88 participants (71 women) from both clinical (n = 45) and non-clinical groups, aged between 20 to 69 years (mean, M = 31.39; standard deviation, SD = 11.38). The participants completed the Kernberg’s Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO), the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ). Results: The results indicate that higher intensity of all dimensions of personality pathology (identity, defence mechanisms, aggression, reality testing, and moral functioning) is significantly associated with lower life satisfaction (rho = from −0.49 to −0.32) and greater difficulties in mentalisation (rho = 0.72 to 0.56). Increased intensity of defence mechanisms is also related to lower romantic relationship satisfaction (rho = −0.23). Moderated mediation analyses with 5000 bootstrap samples (where life satisfaction is an dependent variable, dimensions of personality organisation are independent variables, mentalisation disturbance is a mediator, and clinical group membership moderates all relationships) showed that disrupted mentalisation plays a mediating role in explaining life satisfaction and that clinical vs. non-clinical group membership may not moderate these relationships. Conclusion: The results help specify the relationships between the characteristics of Kernberg’s personality structure dimensions and the evaluation of everyday life satisfaction, suggesting an important role of mentalisation processes as transdiagnostic factors worth addressing in life satisfaction appraisal.
Do patients in neurosurgical wards benefit from psychotherapy? A brief discussion on the application of cognitive-behavioural therapy in patients treated for spinal conditions
Authors: Pawełczyk Agnieszka , Lusa Weronika , Radek Maciej
Published: April 2024

The present article reviews the existing literature on the application and effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy in a group of patients with spine problems. It encompasses publications describing the use of cognitive-behavioural therapy in the treatment of patients with back pain and spinal cord injuries of various aetiologies, as well as those experiencing disabilities and difficulties in social and emotional functioning. The findings confirm that cognitive-behavioural interventions are effective in reducing the intensity of pain, improving mobility, reducing the duration of professional inactivity, facilitating adaptation to disability, and enhancing overall life satisfaction. They also support the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions in addressing depressive and anxiety disorders among these patients. It appears that both the traditional and newer approaches of cognitive-behavioural therapy offer potential in patients with spine issues and their families and caregivers. However, due to the insufficient number of randomised and controlled studies, high heterogeneity among study groups, and diversity of research protocols, it is not possible to definitive formulate final conclusions or recommendations at this stage. Nevertheless, the literature findings herein support further exploration of cognitive-behavioural therapy among patients experiencing spine problems.
Emotional burden in social professions and its implications – presentation of own research results against a literature review
Authors: Załuski Maciej , Makara-Studzińska Marta
Published: April 2024

The article presents an overview of emotional burdens that are typical of social professions, along with their causes, protective factors, and health implications. Particular attention is given to the demands associated with social interactions occurring between those helping and those asking for help, which are expressed by interpersonal communication. The subject matter is discussed using examples from the work environment of health care workers and staff at emergency call centres. The results of own research are compared with the findings of other current studies. The introduction presents information on the sources of emotional burden experienced by health care employees, taking into account the changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The requirements associated with interpersonal communication are discussed using the concept of emotional labour. In the following part, the adverse consequences of emotional labour ‒ such as occupational burnout syndrome and health problems ‒ are discussed. They are illustrated with the results of our own study. The problems identified fall within two main domains. First, relationships linking emotional labour to the levels of empathy, work engagement, and professional burnout are examined. The second issue encompasses the predictors of job burnout including the demands of the work environment, marital status, and childcare burden, as well as personal resources in the form of the levels of perceived stress, generalised self-efficacy, and active hobbies. Negative changes pertaining to the levels of helplessness, burnout, and overweight and obesity relating to work during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic are also presented. The final part includes a summary and conclusions.
Embrittlement, degradation, and loss prevention of hydrogen pipelines
Authors: Giannini Leonardo , Razavi Nima , Alvaro Antonio , Paltrinieri Nicola
Published: April 2024

The detrimental effects induced by hydrogen on different materials—including steels—are a well-known and studied phenomenon. In the last century, several research papers focusing on hydrogen damages were published, including investigations concerning the hydrogen impact on the crack growth rate in steels subjected to cyclic loading. However, the past studies focused on material behavior and the role of external factors (e.g., pressure, temperature, stress field, microstructure, inhibitors, etc.), while the consequences of these findings on safety procedures and guidelines remain unspoken. The present work aims at investigating how the manifestation of the hydrogen degradation effect on equipment subjected to fatigue loadings may reflect on conventional safety practices. More accurately, a review of the parameters governing pipeline fatigue life is undertaken to analyze how such variables may lead to undesirable events and ultimately promoting a loss of containment scenario. In this sense, this work appeals for an evolution of the existing inspection methodologies for components that may experience fatigue failures (i.e., piping and pipeline systems), since the time-dependency of the detrimental effects induced by hydrogen should be considered in the operations of accident prevention and risk mitigation. Hence, the development of a preventive inspection and maintenance strategy specifically conceived for hydrogen technologies is essential to avoid the loss prevention of hydrogen systems. This will not only contribute to a quicker and larger scale spread of a hydrogen infrastructure, but it will also foster the energy-transition challenge that our society is facing today.

Graphical abstract
What Difference Does Breed of Cow Make to Quality of Cheese?
Authors: Swinscoe Andy
Published: April 2024

An essay exploring what difference a cow's breed makes to the cheese that is made from its milk. Provides a survey of the breeds used by some well-know artisanal cheese-makers in Britain and provides a case study of a Yorkshire farm.
Effect of maltodextrin concentration and drying temperature on the physicochemical characteristics of Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) extract powder
Authors: Hariadi Hari , Wahyono Teguh , Darniadi Sandi , Maulana Haris , Nurhadi Bambang , Amien Suseno , Karuniawan Agung , Ali Khan Ayaz , Aziz Tariq , F. Alasmari Abdullah
Published: April 2024

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is an ancestral plant with various beneficial properties and has been used as a food source due to its high nutritional value for human health. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the addition of maltodextrin concentration, the impact of the use of drying temperature, and the interaction of both on the physicochemical characteristics of powdered Sacha inchi extract. The results of this study would provide insightful information about the utilization of Sacha inchi, the optimal concentration of maltodextrin, and the drying temperature of powdered Sacha inchi extract. The experimental design used in this study is a Randomized Group Design with a 3x3 factorial pattern of two replications followed by Duncan’s further test. The observed variation consisted of maltodextrin concentration (5%, 10%, and 15%) and drying temperature (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C). This study includes chemical and physical responses such as moisture content, antioxidant activity, yield, solubility, hygroscopicity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of maltodextrin concentration and drying temperature factor was significant on moisture content, hygroscopicity, yield, and solubility. The interaction between drying temperature and maltodextrin concentration significantly affected moisture content and solubility.
Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-based pH-sensitive biofilm: An experimental design approach for release of vitamin B12
Authors: Onal Ali , Demir Hulya , Kaplan Ince Olcay , Ince Muharrem
Published: April 2024

Hydrogels because of their unique potentials, such as highwater content and hydrophilicity, are of interest for the controlled release of drug molecules. In the present study, a biofilm was produced using chitosan, a natural polymer. Characterization analyses of the synthesized biofilm were performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. The analysis results of the film before loading were compared to the analysis made after adding vitamin B12 to the film. The release percentage of vitamin B12 was investigated by using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometery. The FT-IR bands of vitamin B12 were in the range of 2,800-3,500 cm-1 and 1,000 cm-1-1,750 cm-1. When pH increased from 3 to 7, release of vitamin B12 from the biopolymer increased up to pH 5. While examining the release potential, parameters, such as pH, initial concentration of vitamin B12, release time, and solution volume, were optimized by using response surface methodology. It was determined that with the increase in release time and the initial concentration, pH contributed positively to the release of vitamin B12. The following conditions were determined for release of vitamin B12 from the biofilm: pH: 4.2, initial concentration of vitamin B12: 54.0 mg L-1, the release time: 117 min, and volume of solution: 2.1 mL. The analysis of variance results showed that the determination coefficients for the use of synthesized biofilm in vitamin B12 release were high and R2 =0.9704.
The Dostoevsky Code. Hermeneutics of Corporeality by Akim Volynsky
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Matveychev Oleg
Published: April 2024

The article examines the history of the origin and conceptual features developed by the famous philosopher, literary critic and art critic of the late XIX – early XX century. Akim Lvovich Volynsky, an innovative method of interpreting works of art for his time, based on the hermeneutics of physicality – deciphering the language of plastics, poses, movements, etc. First used to analyze the symbolic language of Leonardo da Vinci, manifested in his plastic images, this method was actively used by Volynsky to interpret the images of Dostoevsky's characters and identify the hidden intentions of the author. And studying in detail the portraits of heroes painted by the great writer, Volynsky considers them as a symbolic cipher, the key to their characters, spiritual life and signs of future vicissitudes in their destinies; he suggests delving into all the smallest details of the plastic image of the heroes, comparing individual, disparate strokes to reveal the hidden intentions of the author. The article analyzes the concept of the unconscious, an alternative to the Freudian one, related to the hermeneutics of Volynsky's corporeality. If psychoanalysis studies primitive instincts, repressed into the unconscious by external symptoms, then Volynsky, deciphering the anatomical features, gestures, postures, habits, and elements of clothing of Dostoevsky's characters, diagnoses the diseases of higher consciousness (mind, spirit) prevailing in them. The innovative nature of Volynsky's method is shown, which allows to penetrate into the artistic fabric of Dostoevsky's novels, to describe, on the one hand, the psychological characteristics and personal traits of his characters, and on the other – their beliefs, values and life aspirations. The origins of the Volynsky method are analyzed. A hypothesis is put forward about the genetic connection of Volynsky's concept with Spinoza's philosophy, linking the phenomenon of thinking with the real activity of the thinking body. The author believes that Spinoza's proposed solution to the problem of dualism of material and spiritual substances played an important role in the formation of the hermeneutics of Volynsky's corporeality. According to Spinoza, extension and thinking are modes of the same substance, and there is a one-to-one correspondence between them. Applying this approach to the concept of art criticism, Volynsky considered matter, physicality as the key to spirit, and spirit as the key to matter. Volynsky's hermeneutics of corporeality was developed in his philosophy of dance.
Legal regulation of bone banks in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kirilova I. A.
Published: April 2024

Autologous bone grafts are considered the gold standard for bone grafting, but in cases where their use is limited or impossible, allogeneic bone tissues become the first alternative. To date, the legal status of the activity on manufacturing bone grafts from femoral heads after total hip replacement surgery has not been defined. This somewhat hampers the development of this technology in Russia. Specialized institutions typically use internal instructions developed and approved taking into account existing legal norms in various fields. The creation of uniform operating rules, standards, instructions, clinical guidelines for working with donor tissues, as well as relevant sufficient regulatory and legal support would promote the development of tissue transplantology, bioimplantology and tissue engineering. This, in turn, would open up wide opportunities for the development of new methods of treatment of diseases, injuries, traumas and their consequences.
Clinical course of ascitic syndrome and acute kidney injury in the setting of nonselective beta‑blockers or endoscopic variceal ligation for primary prevention of bleeding in cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation
Authors: Korobka R. V. , Gautier S. V. , Pasechnikov V. D. , Pak E. S. , Shapovalov A. M. , Khoronko Yu. V. , Pasechnikov D. V. , Porshennikov I. A.
Published: April 2024

Objective: to compare the effects of nonselective beta-blockers (NSBB) and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) on patient survival, ascites dynamics, and development of acute kidney injury (AKI) during primary prevention of bleeding from the esophageal varices and cardia in patients with decompensated cirrhosis on the liver transplant waiting list (LTWL). Materials and methods. A retrospective comparative study of the clinical data of patients with severe ascites and esophageal varices without a bleeding history at the time of their inclusion in the LTWL was performed. Group 1 patients (n = 84) were prescribed NSBB, alpha and beta-adrenoblockers in order to prevent bleeding and reduce progression of decompensated cirrhosis. Group 2 patients underwent EVL. Results. Demographic, laboratory and instrumental parameters of patients in the compared groups had no significant differences. In both groups, there were no significant differences between the indicators of severity of liver lesions (MELD-Na, Child–Turcotte–Pugh), frequency of severe ascites, frequency of varicose nodes grades 2–3. At follow-up, bleeding developed in 22 patients (13.25%) – 13 patients in the NSBB group and 9 patients in the EVL group (15.47% and 10.97%, respectively, p > 0.05). Patient survival was significantly higher in the EVL group than in the NSBB group. Incidence of refractory ascites, number of patients with grade 3 ascites, and AKI stages 2–3 in the NSBB group, were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the EVL group. MELD-Na was the independent predictor of mortality in the EVL group, while low mean arterial pressure (mAP) and presence of AKI were those for patients receiving NSBB. Conclusion. NSBB and EVL are effective methods of primary prevention of bleeding. Mortality rate, number of patients with refractory ascites and severe ascites, and number of patients with AKI stages 2–3 were higher in the NSBB group than in the EVL cohort. In EVL patients, the independent predictor of death was MELD-Na, while in NSBB patients, the independent predictors of mortality were low mAP and presence of AKI.
Comprehensive non-invasive evaluation of the functional status of patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Koloskova N. N. , Eyyubova A. Q. , Shevchenko A. O.
Published: April 2024

The emergence of new groups of medications used in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) has made it possible to optimize treatment regimens, changing the clinical status and prognosis in this patient cohort. In this regard, the relevance of individual prognostic markers and risk assessment scales for heart failure (HF) is losing its value. The aim of our review is to summarize the currently available evidence on modern methods of evaluating the functional capabilities of the body and exercise tolerance in CHF patients on the background of systolic dysfunction before heart transplantation.
Assessment of the Forest-Pathological Condition of Cedar Forests of Irkutsk Region
Authors: Karkhova Svetlana , Nikitenko Elena
Published: April 2024

Siberian cedar is the most valuable tree species in the Siberian taiga. The condition of the cedar trees deteriorates annually under the influence of adverse biotic and abiotic factors in the forests of Irkutsk region. The authors analyzed and assessed the sanitary and forest- pathological condition of cedar plantations. The research used statistical data of forest pathology monitoring, which proved long-term negative changes in the condition of cedar forests. We investigated a set of causes of degradation and destruction of cedars in the Irkutsk region based on the results of 2021. The authors concluded that anthropogenic factors are causing the imbalance of the forest ecosystem, creating conditions for the negative manifestation of the most biotic factors. The proposed recommendations to reduce the impact of pathogenic factors include: introduction of interdiction and restrictions for nut harvesting, strengthening control over the implementation of sanitary measures, the use of scientific methods for predicting the development of pathogens. We also proposed to create semi-cultivated cedar plantations in the cedar forests to produce cedar nuts using forestry and agricultural techniques.
Comprehensive in vitro and in ovo assessment of cytotoxicity: Unraveling the impact of sodium fluoride, xylitol, and their synergistic associations in dental products
Authors: Breban-Schwarzkopf Daniel , Chioibas Raul , Macasoi Ioana , Bolintineanu Sorin , Marcovici Iasmina , Draghici George , Dinu Stefania , Buzatu Roxana , Dehelean Cristina , Szuhanek Camelia
Published: April 2024

Over the past several decades, dental health products containing fluoride have been widely employed to mitigate tooth decay and promote oral hygiene. However, concerns regarding the potential toxicological repercussions of fluoride exposure have incited continuous scientific inquiry. The current study investigated the cytotoxicity of sodium fluoride (NaF) and xylitol (Xyl), both individually and in combination, utilizing human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and osteosarcoma (SAOS-2) cell lines. In HaCaT cells, NaF decreased proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner and induced apoptosis-related morphological changes at low concentrations, whereas Xyl exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic effects. The combination of NaF and Xyl reduced cell viability, particularly at higher concentrations, accompanied by apoptosis-like morphological alterations. Sub-cytotoxic NaF concentrations (0.2%) significantly affected caspase activity and the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. Conversely, Xyl demonstrated no discernible effect on these biological parameters. In SAOS-2 cells, NaF increased proliferation at high concentrations, contrasting with Xyl's concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects. The combination of NaF and Xyl had a minimal impact on cell viability. Sub-cytotoxic NaF concentrations did not influence caspase activity or gene expression, while Xyl induced dose-dependent morphological alterations, increased caspase activity, and upregulated pro-apoptotic gene expression. In ovo experiments on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) revealed that only NaF induced irritant effects, suggesting potential vascular adverse outcomes. This study advocates for the combined use of NaF and Xyl, highlighting their cytotoxicity benefits in healthy cells while maintaining safety considerations for tumor cells.
Development of dynamic nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in hepatoid adenocarcinoma: A comprehensive SEER-based population analysis
Authors: Wang Qing-Zhe , Zhou Yi-Xin , Mu Xiao-Li , Wang Jia-Ling , Zhang Shuang , Chen Ye
Published: April 2024

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is a poorly differentiated extrahepatic tumor that can produce alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The literature does not provide a comprehensive understanding of the prognostic factors for HAC. Therefore, we present a novel nomogram to predict the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with HAC. We analyzed 265 cases of HAC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database spanning from 2004 to 2015. Using a Cox proportional hazard regression model, we identified several risk factors and incorporated them into our predictive nomogram. The nomogram's predictive ability was assessed by utilizing the concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Results from a multivariate Cox regression showed that CSS was independently correlated with liver metastasis, surgery, and chemotherapy. Our nomogram had a C-index of 0.71 (95% CI 0.71-0.96). Furthermore, calibration curves demonstrated concordance between the predicted survival probability from the nomogram and the observed survival probability. The areas under the curve (AUC) for 6-month, 1-, and 3-year survival were 0.80, 0.82, and 0.88, respectively. Our study successfully formulated a prognostic nomogram that offers promising predictions for the 6-month, 1-, and 3-year CSS of patients with HAC. This nomogram holds potential for practical use in guiding treatment decisions and designing clinical trials.
Regulating Artificial Intelligence: A Study in the Comparison between South Asia and Other Countries
Authors: Hasan Mahmud
Published: April 2024

Any regulation, law, or legal order enforced by the lawful authority of a territory to maintain, control, and regulate the characteristics, development, and public interaction of an artificial entity developed in a digital manner can be called AI legislation. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the regulatory landscape for artificial intelligence in the South Asian countries in relation to other selective countries and organizations globally, in light of the challenges encountered in regulating AI in the region. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that South Asian nations have experienced a significant and persistent legal disparity in comparison to other global regions, which has been both involuntary and inequitable. The paper presents an argument for the regulation of artificial intelligence and offers suggestions for South Asian countries to effectively regulate AI despite challenges related to its design and economic limitations.
Acceptance of Goods and Services under the Contractual System: Regulation and Digitization Issues
Authors: Pakhomova Larisa
Published: April 2024

It is relatively recently that the way goods and services (GS) are accepted in the contractual system has become a focal point of research. It was prompted by the changes to the contractual system law introduced mandatory e-certification since 1 January 2022. However, while the process of e-certification as enshrined now in the law on contractual relationships was in the limelight, the concept of e-acceptance, definitions of actual and documentary acceptance and other issues were largely left out. A study of how acceptance is regulated under the national law shows a lack of systemic approach to the e-certification procedure in the law on contractual relationships, a need to put in place an acceptance procedure and to ensure public and municipal customers’ satisfaction with the quality of goods and services they purchase. The paper provides an overview of research on specific aspects of GS acceptance in the contractual system and identifies its place in the process of contractual performance. It is proposed to have a special terminology in the effective contractual relationships law for defining GS acceptance based on its purpose and identifying structural elements. A new approach to contract execution regulating actual and documentary acceptance as part of e-certification needs to be adopted. With regard to digital solutions required for e-certification, technological aspects are discussed with a view to possible regulation. It is equally proposed to formalize e-certification in the contractual system as a possible model for applying the block chain technology for the public (municipal) procurement system. An analysis of digital processes that support e-certification in the contractual system suggests a need to provide a link between technological and legal aspects of e-certification. The author also proposes a number of block chain related issues to be discussed with relation to the e-certification system.
The Russian Legal Researches on Metaverses: a Scholar Review
Authors: Sitnikov Maxim
Published: April 2024

Over the past few years, the subject of metaverses has become an object of research of scientists from various fields of knowledge. Most specialists believe that in the next 7–10 years the direction of metaverses will be integrated into many spheres of society. The issue does not remain without attention of the state. Today we observe the first stages of formation of the international «metaverses race» in order to strengthen the leading positions of countries in terms of digital transformation of the economy and ensuring their own digital sovereignty. Russia will soon become a participant in the race mentioned. The development of metaverses will inevitably lead to the transformation of many legal institutions. Therefore today Russian scholars are beginning to explore questions about the symbiosis of law and metaverses. Since the interest to the regulation of the metaverses sphere will increase, it seems right to conduct a comprehensive study of the works of Russian explorers devoted to the transformation of legal relations in the conditions of emerging metaverses. The aim of the research presented: to systematize the Russian legal literature on the subject, to identify the most relevant aspects of regulation in the field, to form a general research trend in the development of law in metaverses, as well as to discover the first research conflicts. The selection of academic papers was based on two interrelated methods: substantive and personal. The use of the first method helped to identify only those studies that are devoted exclusively to the subject. On this basis, the review did not include those acadeniic works that only indirectly address the issue of metaverses. Thanks to the second method, it was possible to exclude studies by scholars from related sciences and student papers too. In this regard, attention is paid mainly to the studies of authors who have a scholar degree and/or extensive practical experience. In addition, the methodology is formed by general methods of study: analysis, synthesis, generalization and others. As a result of the work carried out, its purpose has been fully achieved and the most important key aspects are reflected using graphic illustrations.
Violencia que engendra miedo, miedo que engendra violencia: Los siete contra Tebas
Authors: Amado Rodríguez María Teresa
Published: April 2024

En Siete contra Tebas, en el contexto del inminente asalto a la ciudad, la violencia de la guerra genera reacciones diferentes en ciudadanos y en mujeres. Mientras aquellos abordan la situación con serenidad y racionalidad, las jóvenes del coro responden con una explosión emocional que irrita al rey. En este trabajo analizaremos con perspectiva de género las actitudes de personajes y coro y la sorprendente respuesta de Eteocles, violenta, desmesurada y tan emocional como la de ellas.
La familia paterna de María de Zayas y Sotomayor
Authors: Rodríguez de Ramos Alberto , Colón Calderón Isabel
Published: April 2024

En este trabajo, se estudia la familia paterna de María de Zayas y se establecen conclusiones sobre el entorno familiar y social de la escritora y sus padres. Además, se dan nuevas noticias sobre el padre de la autora y su linaje, obtenidas a partir del expediente de acceso a la Orden de Santiago.
Pole Test v1
Authors: Marciano Sabina , Kam Tae-In , Marongiu Roberta , Dawson Ted
Published: April 2024

This behavior test is used to assess motor coordination in mice.
Statistical Analysis of the Relationship Between the Crime Rate and the Standard of Living of the Population on the Example of Russia and China (In Russ.)
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Veyner I. N. , Smolin D.N. ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: April 2024

The relationship between the standard of living and the level of crime has been repeatedly studied in different countries at different stages of their development. In the article, two countries are chosen as the object of study, in which in recent decades there has been an increase in the standard of living of the population – Russia and China. For these coun-tries, the most characteristic and unified indicators were selected as dependent and independent variables, data for the last 30 years were collected and analyzed. The study examined the dynamics of all selected indicators over a long peri-od. The study established a connection between the crime rate (the number of victims of intentional homicides per 100,000 population) and the standard of living (HDI and its components) in both countries. For each country, regression models were built that reflect the quantitative characteristics of these dependencies. Additionally, the connection between the crime level in the Russian Federation and the differentiation of the population by income level has been studied.
Evaluation of Developmental Dental Anomalies in an Adult Dentate Iraqi Sub-Population of Sulaimani City by Using Panoramic Radiographs
Authors: Abdalrahim Rukhosh
Published: April 2024

Objective: The present study attempts to evaluate the prevalence of developmental dental anomalies in patients aged 18 years and over by using panoramic radiographs among the Kurdish subpopulation in Sulaimani city. Methods: Seven hundred and ninety-four OPGs between 2010 and 2022 were evaluated retrospectively in this study. Using panoramicradiography to evaluate the frequency of dental anomalies in shape, structure, number, and size. Results: The prevalence of dental anomalies diagnosed by panoramic radiographs was 26.6% among the sample. Anomalies of shapewere the most common abnormalities, followed by number, size, and structure. The most common anomaly seen in this study wasdilaceration (18.52%), followed by hypodontia and microdontia (both 16.67%), taurodontism, and macrodontia (16.05.%). Lessfrequent sub-types were amelogenesis imperfecta, peg-shaped lateral incisors and ghost teeth, accounting for 0.62%. Conclusions: Tooth shape anomalies were the most prevalent forms of developmental dental defects among the Kurdish subpopulation in Sulaimani city. Dilaceration, hypodontia, microdontia and taurodontism were the most prevalent categories ofabnormalities. The study confirmed that racial variables play a role in the incidence of dental anomalies. In addition, digital panoramicradiography is a beneficial method for the detection of dental abnormalities. Importantly, patient management and the treatment design are dependent on an early diagnosis.