bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[The Injection Proved of Synthetic Hormone in Breastfeeding: Dirasah Ta’siliyyah] Pengambilan Suntikan Hormon Sintetik dalam Penyusuan: Dirasah Ta’siliyyah
Authors: Salleh Siti Fatimah , Muda Mohd Zulkifli , Man Saadan
Published: March 2021

Innovation in technology and science has produced several new findings in the field of breastfeeding. Depo provera is a synthetic hormone injections that was found to stimulate the production of breast milk. The injection proved to be effective and draw the attention of many single women who want to adopt a child or a wife who has no children from the marriage. This article focuses on the milk-stimulating hormone injections and its implications under the Islamic law for single women and the status of the spouse in the case of married woman. The article is conducted through a review of literature in fiqh, language, and hadith, as well as interview with medical experts and Islamic jurists.  Injections of synthetic hormone is a contemporary issue but has its foundation in fiqh discussions (ta’sil). The status and position of a child related through suckling using the scientific method need to be clarified in order to preserve the Maqasid al-Shariah which is ‘the maintenance of lineage’ (hifzu al-nasl).

Keywords:  injection , depo provera , synthetic hormones , breast feeding, breast milk, wet-nursed child.

 

Inovasi dalam sains teknologi telah menghasilkan beberapa penemuan baru dalam bidang penyusuan. Suntikan hormon sintetik (depo provera) ialah satu kaedah yang ditemui bagi merangsangkan penghasilan susu ibu. Pengambilan suntikan ini menjadi realiti dan mendapat sambutan di kalangan wanita yang ingin mengambil anak angkat atau isteri yang tidak mempunyai zuriat hasil dari perkahwinan mereka. Artikel ini akan memfokuskan perbincangan tentang suntikan hormon perangsang susu dan implikasi syarak kepada wanita bujang serta status suami bagi ibu yang mengamalkan depo provera ini. Metodologi penulisan artikel ini ialah kajian kepustakaan dengan merujuk kepada kitab turath dalam fiqh, lughah, hadis serta kajian kualitatif melalui kaedah temu bual ahli perubatan dan ahli fiqh. Isu suntikan hormon sintetik ini dikira kontemporari, syarak mempunyai ta‟silnya (asas dalam fiqh turath) dalam membincangkan isu ini. Status anak susuan melalui pendekatan kaedah sains ini perlu dijelaskan kedudukannya menurut syarak bagi memelihara tuntutan Maqasid al-Syariah iaitu “hifzu al-nasl” (pemeliharaan keturunan).

Kata kunci: suntikan, depo provera, hormon sintetik, penyusuan, susu ibu, anak susuan.
Common Symptoms of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Adolescent ] Sintom Lazim Remaja Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
Authors: Yaakub Zuraini Binti , Mohd Kusrin Zuliza Binti
Published: March 2021

Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a mental disorders development that resulted towards its sufferers’ syntoms differences from other normal adolacents.  The increasement numbers of ASD in Malaysia has resulting to the need to identify the ordinary syntoms of the ASD in order to educate society with the existence of this special groups that needs due attention. The objective of this article is to analyse on the common syntoms of the ASD’s adolescent that is claimed to be different from the normal adolescents. The research methodology used is content analysis that refers to books, journals and previous researches related to the common syntoms of the autism’s adolescents. The data gathered was analysed descriptively. The analysis done discovered that there are four types of development of syndrome of disorder that causes a person to be considered as ASD adolescents such as Sindrom of Asperger, Sindrom of Rett, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD) dan Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD). The previous research had proven that that syndrome has created common syntoms that is considered as synonym with the autism. They are incapability to have an interpersonal and social interaction, delays in speaking and suffering from impulsive phenomenon such as repeatation of sterotype activities and difficulties in adapting any changes. This has shown that there are several consistent bases that can be considered as a set of signs to diagnose the ASD’s disorders.

 

Keywords: common behavior, Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD), syndrom, social relation and communication.
[Needed The Private Part of The Women to be Examined by Perspective Maqasid Al-Shari’ah] Keperluan Membuka Aurat Ketika Rawatan Antenatal Menurut Perspektif Maqasid Al-Syari’ah
Authors: Ismail Siti Khatijah Binti , Ahmad Ridzwan Bin , Abdul Aziz Sumayyah Binti , Amiruddin Salman Bin
Published: March 2021

Antenatal care is a health treatment provided for pregnant woman throughout their pregnancy periods. Usually the treatment and procedures included will be conducted in health clinics or hospitals. The procedures involved aimed to provide the best health care treatment for both mothers and the baby. The periodic treatment given were according to the level of pregnant woman’s health to preserve the maslahah and to avoid the mafsadah. However, the step to achieve this maqasid al-shari’ah need to be defined especially regarding the procedure that need the private part of the women to be examined. The confusion to define the limitation for this procedure will lead into the misconception of the Islamic’s law permission regarding this matter. Therefore, this research intended to identify the permission and it’s limit in exposing the aurat especially the genital part from the perspective of maqasid al-shariah. Through the analysis of Muslim jurists literatures, manuals of antenatal treatment guidelines and interview had been conducted to Obstetrican and Gynecologist, the study found that in emergency condition which threatening life and body, exposing the part of the body is considered as daruriy. However, in ordinary situation to ease the treatment procedure, this was considered as hajiy. Hence the application of maslahah and mafsadah will be the reference point to identify the levels of daruriy or hajiy that is acknowledging by Islam in procedures.

 

Keywords: aurat; antenatal care; objectives of syari’ah; medical; maslahah and mafsadah
[Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness of First Year Medical Students of (Upm) on Medical Etnics] Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Kesedaran Pelajar Perubatan Tahun Pertama Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) terhadap Etika Perubatan: Satu Deskriptif dan Penemuan
Authors: Deuraseh Nurdeng Bin , Nordin Fatin Nur Majdina Nordin Binti
Published: March 2021

This study is a preliminary research about the readiness of first-year medical student of UPM on knowledge, attitude and awareness of medical ethics. The main objective of the study was to assess and identify the level of knowledge, interest and awareness of UPM medical students on medical ethics. In addition, this study also aims to determine the readiness of UPM medical students in medical ethics as applied in the main practice of their profession for the sake of public welfare. The data was obtained quantitatively through distribution of questionnaires to 88 respondents from first-year students in medical courses UPM. Data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. The study indicated that the level of knowledge of the first year UPM medical students to medical ethics is moderate. The level of awareness of the importance of medical ethics in medical institutions is also moderate. In a nutshell, the study shows that majority of the respondents have a high interest in medical ethics, at the same time give the conclusion that medical ethics is essential in a medical institution especially for the medical practitioners itself.

Keywords: ethics, medicine, knowledge, interest, awareness

Kajian ini merupakan satu tinjauan awal pengkaji tentang kesediaan pelajar perubatan tahun pertama UPM dari aspek pengetahuan, sikap dan kesedaran terhadap etika perubatan. Tujuan utama kajian ialah untuk mengkaji dan mengenal pasti tahap pengetahuan, minat dan kesedaran pelajar perubatan UPM terhadap etika perubatan. Di samping itu, kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk menentukan tahap kesediaan pelajar perubatan UPM dalam menerapkan etika perubatan sebagai amalan utama dalam profesion mereka untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat. Data kajian telah diperolehi secara kuantitatif melalui kaedah soal selidik. Borang soal selidik telah diedarkan kepada 88 responden yang terdiri daripada pelajar tahun pertama kursus perubatan di UPM. Data dianalisis menggunakan simple descriptive statistic. Hasil kajian mendapati tahap pengetahuan pelajar perubatan tahun pertama UPM terhadap etika perubatan adalah sederhana. Tahap kesedaran dalam mengenalpasti tahap kepentingan etika perubatan dalam institusi perubatan juga sederhana. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini mendapati bahawa kebanyakan responden mempunyai minat yang tinggi terhadap etika perubatan sekaligus memberi kesimpulan bahawa etika perubatan amatlah penting dalam sesebuah institusi perubatan khususnya bagi pengamal perubatan itu sendiri.

Kata kunci: etika, perubatan, pengetahuan, minat, kesedaran.
[An Analytical Study of Mohsenat in Surat Al-Nour] Dirasat Tajliliah lil Muhsanah al-Tibaq fi Surah an-Nur
Authors: Ali Said Mohamad Hussin , Abdul Halim ZulAzhan , Mat Teh Kamarul Shukri
Published: March 2021

This research aims to identify the most prominent embellishment feature of Arabic rhetoric (al-muhassinat al-badi’iyyah) that is al-tibaq derived from several verses in surah al-Nur, with the definition of al-tibaq and the explanation of its relation to the Holy Quran. The reason of choosing this surah as it contains special characteristics as well as its strong meaning either in term of Arabic language or sharia law such as law of adultery, defamation and others. Among the greatest characteristics of this surah is that it was revealed in order to protect Ummu al-Mu’minin Sayyidatina A’ishah r.a. from a false allegation. In this study, the researcher applied an analytical descriptive approach to derive and clarify the al-tibaq feature from the verses including its relation to the Holy Quran. The result of this research shows a splendid beauty of al-tibaq through the explanation of the related verses from surah al-Nur.

Keywords: analytical study, al-tibaq, surah al-Nur.

 

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة أبرز المحسنات البديعية الجمالية وهي (الطباق) مستنبطا إياها من خلال تحليل آيات سورة النور مع التعريف بالطباق وبيان علاقته بالقرآن الكريم. وكان الاختيار لكتابه هذه المقالة وبخصوص هذه السورة لما تميزت به من خصائص قيّمة وما تضمنته من معان راقية سواء كانت في مجال اللغة العربية أو في الأحكام الشرعية كحكم الزنا والقذف وغيرهما من الأحكام الهامة. ومن أعظم خصائص هذه السورة أنها نزلت تبرئةً لأم المؤمنين سيدتنا عائشة رضي الله عنهما وأرضاها. وقد اعتمد الباحث في هذه الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في استنباط وتبيين محسنة الطباق في الآيات وتبيين علاقتها بالقرآن الكريم. ونتيجة البحث إبراز جمالية محسنة الطباق من خلال تبين الكلمات المطابقة في العديد من آيات سورة النور.

 

مفاتيح الكلمات: دراسة تحليلية، الطباق، سورة النور.
[Objectivity in Social Science Reseearch: Comparison of Positivism with Islamic Perspective] Objektiviti dalam Penyelidikan Sains Sosial: Perbandingan Perspektif Positivisme dengan Perspektif Islam
Authors: Alias Mohd Syahmir
Published: March 2021

Objectivity is an important concept in social science research, adapted from the natural science research. It stems from positivistic philosophy which view scientific research as value-free. The question is whether the concept of positivistic objectivity that emphasized empirical facts should be accepted in Islamic-based research? Is religious value judgment affect the objectivity of facts obtained by a researcher? Thus, this paper aims two important purposes. Firstly to study the concept of objectivity from the perspective of positivists and Muslim scholars. Secondly to compare those perspectives conceptually. Using content analysis method and comparison method, the paper discovered two important things in relation to the concept of objectivity. First, the concept of objectivity in research from the perspective of positivists and Muslim scholars has a few significant differences which are their principal element, their ultimate goal, their relationship with religion, their epistemological concept and critical process. Second, both perspectives share similar basic elements which is intellectual honesty and justice. Overall, the findings demonstrate that objectivity have an important account for both perspectives in doing research.

 

Keywords: Objectivity, Research, Value-free, Islam, Social Science

 

Objektiviti merupakan konsep penting dalam penyelidikan sains sosial yang disesuaikan daripada penyelidikan sains tabii. Ia bertitik tolak daripada pandangan sarjana beraliran positivisme yang melihat penyelidikan sains sebagai suatu yang bersifat bebas nilai. Persoalannya, adakah konsep objektiviti positivisme yang mementingkan fakta empirikal semata-mata wajar diikuti dalam melakukan penyelidikan bertunjangkan Islam? Adakah pertimbangan nilai seperti nilai agama akan menjejaskan objektiviti fakta yang diperoleh oleh seseorang penyelidik? Justeru, makalah ini mengandungi dua tujuan penting. Pertama, meneliti konsep objektiviti dalam penyelidikan dari perspektif sarjana beraliran positivisme dan sarjana Islam. Kedua, membandingkan kedua-dua pendapat dari segi konsepnya. Melalui kaedah analisis kandungan dan kaedah perbandingan, makalah ini menemukan dua perkara penting dalam konsep berkaitan objektiviti. Pertama, konsep objektiviti dalam penyelidikan dari sudut pandang positivisme dan Islam mempunyai beberapa perbezaan yang ketara iaitu dari aspek teras konsep objektiviti, matlamat utama, hubungan dengan nilai agama, epistemologi konsep dan proses terpentingnya. Kedua, walaupun berbeza, tidak dinafikan kedua-duanya mempunyai persamaan asas iaitu mengiktiraf elemen kejujuran intelektual dan keadilan. Secara keseluruhannya, perkara ini mempamerkan pentingnya objektiviti dicapai dalam penyelidikan sains sosial baik daripada pihak sarjana beraliran positivisme mahupun sarjana Muslim.

 

Kata kunci: Objektiviti, Penyelidikan, Bebas Nilai, Islam, Sains Sosial.
[Concept of Traditionial Sports Competition According to Al-Quran and Al-Sunnah in Southern Thailand] Konsep Pertandingan Sukan Tradisional Menurut Al-Quran dan Al-Sunnah di Selatan Thailand
Authors: Yanya Muhammadhusnee , Ab. Rahman Asyraf , Ismail Daud , Thoralim Abdulsoma
Published: March 2021

There are many types of sport competitions mentioned in the Quran and Hadith in which indicate that Islam has prescribed such competitions such as horse racing, running, camel, archery and wrestling. In Islam, any match prescribed aimed to train and prepare Muslims as part of war preparations. In Southern Thailand, there are many traditional sports competitions organized by the local community, especially the Malay Muslims community. This paper was carried out to identify the concept of competition in the Quran and Sunnah, the form of competition and the kind of traditional sports competitions that are permitted and banned in South Thailand. The method employed in this study is secondary data analysis based on books of tafsir, hadith and fiqh. The study found that traditional types of sports competitions which are permissible include any sport competition that does not bring harm or injury to individuals amongst the participants as well as the animals involved in the competition. Prize contest must be sponsored by a third party or parties who are not involved or engaged in the competition.

Keywords: Competition, Traditional Sports, al-Quran, al-Sunnah.

 

Pertandingan sukan banyak disebut dalam al-Quran dan Hadith yang menunjukkan ia telah disyariatkan oleh Islam antaranya seperti perlumbaan kuda, unta, memanah, larian dan gusti. Dalam Islam, pertandingan yang disyariatkan adalah untuk melatih diri Muslim sebagai persediaan dalam peperangan. Di Selatan Thailand, terdapat pelbagai pertandingan sukan tradisional yang dianjurkan oleh masyarakat setempat khususnya masyarakat Melayu Islam. Kertas ini membincang konsep pertandingan dalam perspektif al- Quran dan al-Sunnah, bentuk hadiah pertandingan dan jenis pertandingan sukan tradisional yang diharuskan dan diharamkan di Selatan Thailand. Pendekatan kajian yang digunakan adalah kajian kepustakaan dengan berpandukan kitab tafsir, hadis dan fiqah. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan tema-tema utama sesuai dengan objektif kajian. Hasil kajian mendapati jenis pertandingan sukan tradisional yang diharuskan adalah sukan yang tidak membawa kemudaratan atau kecederaan dalam kalangan peserta ataupun haiwan yang dipertandingkan. Hadiah pertandingan pula perlu ditaja oleh pihak ketiga atau pihak yang tidak terlibat dalam pertandingan.

Kata kunci: Pertandingan, Sukan Tradisional, al-Quran, al-Sunnah.
[The Concept of The Appointment of Leaders From The Perspective of Fiqh Siyasah Perspective: Analysis of The Theories Of Islamic Political Thinking] Konsep Pelantikan Pemimpin Dari Sudut Perspektif Fiqh Siyasah: Analisis Terhadap Teori-Teori Pemikiran
Authors: Mohamad Mohd Ridzuan , Ibrahim Basri
Published: March 2021

Since the death of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the question of Islamic Governance has become a hot debate among Islamic scholars, among others the appointment of leaders. Hence, the Islamic history has proven that there are various concepts of leadership appointments that make it possible to pinpoint the best one, especially for today’s state of affairs. The objective of this study was to explain the position of the theories of Islamic scholars on the appointment of leaders from the perspective of Fiqh Siyasah. This study was qualitative because it involved library researches on political books and Islamic history. The findings showed that there were seven forms of leadership appointments in the context of Fiqh Siyasah, based on three theories of Islamic thought. The first was Islamic thought in the 7th to 13th AD, second was Islamic thought in the 14th and 18th centuries of Islam and the third was Islamic thought of the 19th century until present day. In conclusion, these theories showed that the appointment of leaders was a matter of ijtihad. As compared to the today’s concept of the appointment of leaders, it is not contrary to Islamic values according to Fiqh Siyasah.Keywords: al-Hall wa al-‘Aqd, Fiqh Siyasah, Mushawarah, Islamic Political Thought and Leader Appointment

 

 

Sejak kewafatan Rasulullah s.a.w. persoalan ketatanegaraan Islam menjadi perdebatan hangat dalam kalangan para sarjana Islam antaranya perlantikan pemimpin. Justeru, sejarah Islam telah membuktikan bahawa terdapat pelbagai konsep perlantikan pemimpin sehingga tidak dinyatakan konsep terbaik untuk diamalkan pada masa kini. Objektif kajian ini menjelaskan kedudukan teori-teori para sarjana Islam berhubung perlantikan pemimpin dari perspektif fiqh siyāsah. Kajian ini bersifat kajian kualitatif kerana melibatkan penelitian perpustakaan terhadap buku-buku politik dan sejarah Islam. Dapatan kajian ini menjelaskan terdapat tujuh bentuk pelantikan pemimpin dalam konteks fiqh siyasah berasaskan tiga teori pemikiran Islam iaitu pertama pemikiran Islam pada abad 7 hingga 13 Masihi, kedua pemikiran Islam pada abad 14 hingga 18 Masihi dan ketiga pemikiran Islam pada abad 19 hingga sekarang. Kesimpulannya, teori-teori ini menunjukkan perlantikan pemimpin merupakan perkara ijtihad. Jika dibandingkan konsep pelantikan pemimpin pada masa sekarang ini, ianya tidak berlawanan dengan nilai-nilai keislaman menurut fiqh siyasah.

 

Kata kunci: al-Hall wa al-‘Aqd , Fiqh Siyasah, Mushawarah, Pemikiran Politik Islam dan Perlantikan Pemimpin
[The Factors that helped to accept and Refine some of The Works of Ignorance Approved by Islam] Al-Awamil alati Sa’adah ala Qabul Ba’da A’mal al-Jahiliyyah alati Aqraha al-Islami wa hazabiha.
Authors: Ali Dahmah Khalid Ali , Ibrahim Basri , Mohamed AbdelGhelil Mohamed Fathy
Published: March 2021

Islam has approved, refined, and retained some of the precepts practiced during the period of Jahiliyyah (Ignorance). These kinds of precepts are considered part of Islam because they do not contradict the Islamic law. In this study, the researchers focus on highlighting the factors that contributed to the acceptance of a number of Jahiliyya practices related to worship, transactions, personal status, crimes and ethics completed by the Prophet (peace be upon him). Also, the influence of these factors in embracing and spreading Islam are explained. The researchers relied on inductive and historical methods. Among the most important findings of this study are: Islam is an extension of the previous beliefs upon which Allah has created people, and the sound thoughts in Jahiliyyah period have a great role in the establishment of provisions and objectives. Therefore, Jahiliyyah is not evil in its entirety; Islam has approved some of its practices.

 

Keywords: Contributing factors, practices approved and refined by Islam, Jahiliyyah.

 

احتفظ الإسلام ببعض أحكام الجاهلية التي كانوا يعملون بها فأقرها وهذبها، واعتبرها جزاء منه لأنها لا تتعارض مع شريعة الإسلام، وقد ركز الباحث في هذا الدراسة على إبراز العوامل التي ساهمت وساعدت على قبول عددا من أعمال الجاهلية المتعلقة بالعبادات والمعاملات والأحوال الشخصية والجنايات والأخلاق، التي جاء النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بإتمامها. مع بيان أثر هذه العوامل في قبول الإسلام والدخول فيه وانتشاره. وقد اعتمد الباحث في هذه الدراسة على المنهح الاستقراء الاستدلالي التاريخي. ومن أهم نتائج هذا المقال أن الإسلام امتدادا للملل السابقة والفطرة التي فطر الله الناس عليها، وأن للعقول الصحيحة في الجاهلية دورا كبيرا في ترسيخ الأحكام وتثبيتها وكذلك مقاصد االنظر إلى مقاصد الأمور، كما أن الجاهلية ليست شرا كلها وأن الإسلام أقر بعضا من أعمالها والله أعلم.

 

مفاتيح الكلمات: العوامل المساعدة، الأعمال التي الإسلام وهذبها، الجاهلية.
[Controls for Dealing with People with Infectious Diseases in Light of Islamic Law] Dawabit al-ta‘amul ma‘a al-masabin bi al-amrad al-‘adaniyyah fi daw‘ al-shari‘ah al-Islamiyyah
Authors: Abduh al-Ahdal Taher Muhammad
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to investigate on how to deal with those people that have been infected with diseases. The study resides on the common synergetic framework of jurisprudential and medical doctrines, under the umbrella of doctrinal controls and objectives of jurisprudence and principles of sharia. The issue at the stake is important as it exacerbated in the modern era among the Islamic societies, which need to be clarified and modernized and adapted to suit contemporary reality, away from the padding, disagreement and redundancy. The study employed thematic analytical approach in which an explanatory research design was used. It resided on the explanation on how to deal with people that have been infected with infectious diseases that can affect others. The textual analysis used in the present study is contained in line with contemporary reality, and penalties in case of disagreement. Eventually the findings reveals that the judgment related to the type of disease depended on its dander or threat on the healthy persons, because the existence of danger necessitated to  isolate them or put them to quarantine until they were been cured, unless there is a vaccine to prevent the outbreak.

 

Keywords: Dealing, Infected, Objectives of Jurisprudence, Principles of Sharia

 

يهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان كيفية التعامل مع المصابين في إطار فقهي وطبي مشترك، تحت مظلة الضوابط الفقهية والمقاصد الشرعية، باعتبارها مسألة هامة تفاقمت في العصر الحديث بين المجتمعات الإسلامية، فكان لابد من توضيحها وتحديثها وتكييفها مع الواقع المعاصر، بعيدا عن الحشو والخلاف والإطناب الممل، والمنهج المتبع في هذا البحث: هو بيان التعامل مع المصابين بالأمراض العدائية التي يتضرر منها الآخرون، وتحليل النصوص الواردة بما يتلاءم مع الواقع المعاصر، والترجيح عند التعارض، ويصل في النهاية إلى القول بأن الحكم متعلق بنوع المرض وخطورته على الأصحاء، فإن تحقق الخطر وجب عزلهم والحجر عليهم حتى يَصِحُّوا، مالم يوجد لقاح يمنع من تفشيه.

 

كلمات مفتاحية: التعامل، المصابين، المقاصد الشرعية، الضوابط الفقهية
The Nexus between Madrasa and Politics: Analysing Political role of Madrasas in Pakistan and Afghanistan
Authors: Siddikoglu Hidayet
Published: March 2021

This article analyses political role of madrasas in Pakistan and Afghanistan from a historical perspective to see how they have played key roles in shaping political and strategic agendas of state and non-state actors in South Asia. Consequently, this undertaking adopts the historicist approach in which it will emphasise the importance of madrasa history in order to understand historical changes and demonstrate their potential role as tool to exert political and strategic interests of state and non-state actors in Afghanistan and Pakistan. It argues that although madrasas are generally considered as centres for Islamic religious education, their roles vary amongst countries with different forms of social, cultural, and political structures. This paper concludes that in countries such as Afghanistan and Pakistan - under the tense political and strategic pressure of regional and international powers - where Islam depicts social, cultural, and political identities of Muslims, some madrasas play a key role as potential tool to exert political and strategic interests of state and non-state actors.
Mythopoesis und Mythendestruktion in Kuhnaus ,,Musicalischem Qvack-Salber“. : Über die Möglichkeiten, Musik um 1700 zur Sprache zu bringen
Authors: Jahn Bernhard
Published: March 2021

Abstract Am Beispiel von Johann Kuhnaus Musicalischem Qvack-Salber (Dresden 1700) untersucht der Beitrag verschiedene narrative Verfahren, mit denen Musik in einem erzählenden Text zur Sprache gebracht werden kann. Zum einen integriert Kuhnau in seinen Roman alle
Textsorten, in denen um 1700 Musik verhandelt wird. Zum andern nutzt er die antike Mythologie (Apollon-, Orpheus-Mythos) als Prätext, um Kohärenz zwischen den einzelnen Schwanknovellen, aus denen sich die Handlung zusammensetzt, herzustellen. Die antiken Mythen werden im Verlauf
des Romans jedoch destruiert, und der Held bekehrt sich zu einem christlichen Virtuosentum.Using the example of Johann Kuhnau’s Musicalischer Qvack-Salber (Dresden 1700), the essay examines various narrative procedures with which music can be brought to expression in a narrative
text. On the one hand, Kuhnau integrates into his novel all types of texts in which music is negotiated around 1700. On the other hand, he uses ancient mythology (Apollo, Orpheus) as a pretext to establish coherence between the individual comical novellas that make up the plot. However, the
ancient myths are destroyed in the course of the novel, and the hero converts to Christian virtuosity.
Literatur & Musik. : Einleitung
Authors: Jahn Bernhard , Košenina Alexander
Published: March 2021

Als beim Thronwechsel von Saul an David der frühere König des Volkes Israel von der Melancholie befallen wird, musiziert David für ihn – je nach Übersetzung – auf der ,,Zither“ oder ,,Harfe“: ,,Dann fühlte sich Saul erleichtert, es ging
ihm wieder gut, und der böse Geist wich von ihm.“ (1 Sam 16, 23) Diese wohl schon im 8. Jahrhundert v. Chr. entstandene biblische Geschichte gehört nicht nur zu den ältesten Begegnungen zwischen Musik und Literatur in unserem Kulturkreis, sondern auch zu den künstlerisch
folgenreichsten. In der Kunst Rembrandts, den Lustigen Schaubühnen eines Erasmus Francisci (1663) oder in Gedichten vom 17. Jahrhundert bis zu Rilke (David singt vor Saul) wurde das Motiv dieser musikalischen Heilung immer wieder aufgegriffen und variiert. Auch andere poetisch-
musikalische Urszenen aus der Bibel, den Homerischen Epen oder aus Tausendundeine Nacht durchdrangen immer neue Bereiche der Weltliteratur.
Das Unbehagen in der Avantgarde und die Rettung der Oper in der Literatur. Musikästhetik und literarische Poetik in Helmut Kraussers ,,Alles ist gut“ (2015)
Authors: Krämer Jörg
Published: March 2021

Abstract Im literarischen Schaffen von Helmut Krausser spielt Musik aller Art eine besondere Rolle. In seinem Roman Alles ist gut (2015) ist sie Darstellungsgegenstand, poetisches Vorbild, mediale Rivalin und letztlich Geburtshelferin der Literatur. Der Roman entsteht
aus der Auseinandersetzung mit den poetischen, strukturellen und wirkungsästhetischen Möglichkeiten der Nachbarkunst und fügt überbietend seine eigenen Möglichkeiten hinzu (Satire, Ironie, Polemik, Selbstreflexivität, Diskursivität).Music of all kinds
has a special significance for the literary work of Helmut Krausser. In his novel Alles ist gut (2015), music is subject of depiction, poetic model, media rival, and ultimately the birthplace of literature. The novel arises from the reflection of the poetic, structural, and aesthetic
possibilities of music and adds its own possibilities (satire, irony, polemics, self-reflection, discursivity) in an outdoing manner.
TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY OF THE FABACEAE ON THE TERRITORY OF SAMARA-ULYANOVSK REGION
Authors: Ivanova A. V. , Kostina N. V., , Vasjukov V. M.
Published: March 2021

The flora of фSamara-Ulyanovsk Volga Region belongs to the Fabaceae type (the third place in the family spectrum), while having inclusions of other types of local flora. The study examines how homogeneous is the species representation of the genera of the Fabaceae family throughout the research area. The authors used 445 floristic lists from the FD SUR database as source data. Based on these lists, the authors obtained combined lists of all the floras and their generic and family spectra. The heterogeneity of the composition of the Fabaceae family at the generic and species levels was studied in 12 physical-geographical regions. The authors identified 15 reference floras in six of examined regions, where the lists of vascular plant species include 700 species. The area of the identified reference floras is 300–900 km2. The general list of the Fabaceae family in the research area includes 113 species from 23 genera. The genus Astragalus L. is at the top of the genera. The other large genera are Vicia L. and Lathyrus L. The authors registered some differences from the overall picture for certain physical and geographical areas. This is the consequence of various local environmental conditions in the research area. In some cases, the genus Vicia becomes the most abundant, but the distribution of Astragalus becomes rather small. The genus Lathyrus does not always hold the third place in the spectrum. The considered reference floras are nominally divided into three groups according to the composition of the generic spectrum of the Fabaceae family: the flora group with numerical dominance of the genus Astragalus, the group with predominance of the genus Vicia and the group in which the genus Trifolium L. and Amoria C. Presl. form the basis of the composition. The first two groups are characterized by the multiplicity of the corresponding genera in comparison with others. On the contrary, the composition of the third group is explained by the relative paucity of genera Astragalus and Vicia. The composition and abundance of the genera Trifolium and Amoria are the most stable in all considered floras. The authors note the lack of uniformity in the order of leading genera of the Fabaceae family in Samara-Ulyanovsk Volga region.
UJI KOMPETENSI PENGUASAAN SOFTWARE UNTUK SOLUSI BISNIS DI WILAYAH KAB. BOGOR SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN SKILL SMK JURUSAN RPL
Authors: Iskandar  , Mohamad Anas Sobarnas
Published: March 2021

Penguasaan software untuk solusi bisnis pada era digital ini untuk siswa  Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) pada Jurusan Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak adalah suatu syarat mutlak harus dikuasai oleh setiap siswa. Karena lulusan SMK sudah diproyeksikan saat lulus nanti sudah bisa mengerjakan proyek perangkat lunak nantinya. Namun kenyataannya masih banyak lulusan kejuruan yang masih belum bisa optimal terjun dalam proyek perangkat lunak  untuk tujuan pembuatan software dalam pemecahan solusi untuk bisnis dikarenakan kurang match antara materi praktis yang diberikan di sekolah dengan kebutuhan Dunia Usaha (DU/DI). Dengan melihat latar belakang tersebut Dinas Pendidikan Wilayah 1 Kabupaten Bogor mengadakan Lomba Kompetensi Siswa (LKS) SMK  IT Software Solution For Business untuk tingkat SMK. Tujuan dari  lomba Kompetensi pada siswanya supaya bisa bersaing dalam penguasaan software dalam solusi untuk bisnis. Metode pembelajaran atau modul pembelajaran yang diberikan kurang menyesuaikan pada kebutuhan industri, untuk itu perlu adanya metode dalam menganalisis proyeksi  cakupan pembelajaran dikelas dengan kebutuhan pada dunia kerja yang ada pada sekolah SMK Jurusan RPL. Penilain praktis kompetensi siswa ini menggunakan taksonomi pembelajaran Bloom, PEST, Ward  Peppard, SWOT dan CSF  sehingga menghasilkan suatu konsep perancangan materi praktis dan tool pendukung untuk pembelajaran pada institusi sekolah sehingga siswa jurusan RPL sehingga mempunyai keahlian di bidang Teknologi Informasi.
Assess the Effectiveness of Bibliotherapy on Exam Anxiety Reduction amongB.Sc. Nursing Students
Authors: Jenifer.j
Published: March 2021

Background: Bibliotherapy is the best and effective way of managing exam anxiety because it allows thereader to assess with a character and realize that he or she is not the only person with a particular problem. As thecharacter works through a problem, the reader is emotionally involved in the issue and primarily achieves insightof his or her own situation. It allows interaction among the participants who share common needs or interests.Objectives: To assess the pre test level of exam anxiety among first year Nursing students. To assess the effectivenessof bibliotherapy on exam anxiety among first year nursing students. To associate the pre-test level of exam anxietywith selected demographic variables among first year Nursing students.Methodology: A pre-experimental study withone group pre test- post test design was used in this study. The population of the study, 30first year nursing studentswith exam anxiety was selected by purposive sampling. To assess the level of exam with Sarason‘s exam AnxietyScale. After assessing the level of exam anxiety administered bibliotherapy for 15 days followed that post-test after7 days.Results: The mean pre-test level of exam anxiety was 18.37±3 and the post-test level of test anxiety was8.33±3 The effectiveness of bibliotherapy was tested in terms of reduction in exam anxiety in post-test at 0.05 levelof significance. The mean pre-test and post-test level of test anxiety was analysed and the findings were significantat 0.05 level. The associations of pre-test level of test anxiety were found to be significant with age, family incomeand residential area at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: This study has shown that bibliotherapy plays a majorrole in reducing the level of exam anxiety among the first year nursing students. It would help the students to acquirebetter coping solutions in order to face a future carrier examinations. Keywords: Effectiveness; Bibliotherapy; examanxiety; Nursing students
PREVENTION OF NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF LEADERS AND ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS OF GROUPINGS OF A NEGATIVE ORIENTATION ON THE POSITIVELY CHARACTERIZED CONVICTEDIN PRISONS
Authors: Дакашев Иса Хамзатович
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматривается влияние лидеров и активных участников группировок отрицательной направленности на положительно характеризующихся осужденных, предлагаются поэтапные меры профилактики такого влияния. Проблемы повышенной общественной опасности криминальных лидеров и их негативного влияния на положительно характеризующихся осужденных поднимаются на государственном и ведомственном уровне достаточно давно. Характеризуя современное состояние деятельности криминальных лидеров в уголовно-исполнительной системе России, следует отметить не только все возрастающую их активность, но и стремление к созданию в исправительных учреждениях организованных структур неформальной власти. Складывающаяся криминогенная обстановка в исправительных учреждениях такова, что многие преступления носят организованный характер. Искаженные представления об общечеловеческих ценностях реализуются криминальными лидерами и активными участниками группировок отрицательной направленности в повседневной жизни путем совершения особо жестоких, изощренных преступлений, направленных против осужденных и других лиц в исправительных учреждениях, а также в отношении пенитенциарной системы в целом.

The article examines the influence of leaders and active members of negative groupings on positively characterized convicts, and proposes step-by-step measures to prevent such influence. Problems of increased public danger of criminal leaders and their negative impact positively characterized convicts rise at the state and departmental level for a long time. Describing the current state of the activities of criminal leaders in the penitentiary system of Russia, it should be noted not only their ever-increasing activity, but also the desire to create in correctional institutions of organized structures of informal power. The emerging crime situation in places of deprivation of liberty is such that many crimes are of an organized nature. Distorted ideas about universal human values are realized by them in everyday life by committing especially cruel, sophisticated crimes directed against convicts and other persons in correctional colonies, as well as in relation to the penitentiary system in general.
HISTORICAL STAGES OF THE «TERRORISM» CONCEPT FORMATION UNDER THE NATIONAL LEGISLATION OF RUSSIA
Authors: Самиулина Яна Валерьевна
Published: March 2021

В статье освещен вопрос, связанный с эволюцией понятия терроризма по законодательству России. Актуальность темы определяется, прежде всего, тем, что проявление терроризма представляет собой серьезную угрозу международной и внутренней безопасности каждого отдельного государства, всего международного сообщества в целом. В результате проведенного теоретического анализа отечественного законодательства об ответственности за совершение преступлений террористического характера автором выделено пять исторических этапов (периодов) его становления, представлена их характеристика. В заключение делается вывод о существовании на современном этапе проблемы выработки определения сложного и многогранного понятия «терроризм». Законодательная дефиниция «терроризм» должна быть принципиально полной, содержать характеризующие специфические признаки, соответствующие современным способам его проявлений. Полагаем, что современная дефиниция, изложенная в п. 1 ст. 3 Федерального закона «О противодействии терроризму», пока не идеальна и продолжает требовать к себе внимания со стороны исследователей и законодателя с целью корректировки терминологии.

The issue related to the evolution of the concept of terrorism under Russian legislation is examined in the article The relevance of the topic is determined, first of all, by the fact that the manifestation of terrorism is a serious threat to the international and internal security of each individual state, the entire international community as a whole. As a result of the theoretical analysis of domestic legislation on responsibility for crimes of a terrorist nature, the author has identified five historical stages (periods) of its formation, and presented their characteristics. In conclusion, a conclusion is made about the existence at the present stage of the problem of developing a definition of the complex and multifaceted concept of «terrorism». The definition of terrorism should be fundamentally complete, include characterizing specific features characteristic of modern ways of its manifestations. We believe that the modern definition set forth in paragraph 1 of Art. 3 of the Federal Law «On Countering Terrorism» is not ideal yet and continues to require attention from researchers and legislators in order to correct the terminology.
THE USE OF VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGY IN THE TRAINING OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS
Authors: Грязнов Сергей Александрович
Published: March 2021

Несколько лет назад об идее обучения сотрудников правоохранительных органов посредством виртуальной реальности (VR) не могло быть и речи, прежде всего, из-за высокой стоимости данной технологии. Сегодня виртуальная реальность стала технически зрелой, затраты снизились, а технологии широко распространились по многим профессиям. Можно уверенно сказать, что правоохранительным органам нужны лидеры, обладающие навыками и компетенциями XXI в., выходящими за рамки традиционного обучения. Целью данной статьи является рассмотрение (на зарубежном примере) важности применения технологии виртуальной реальности для обучения сотрудников правоохранительных органов. Автором сделан вывод о том, что использование виртуальной реальности в обучении - это наиболее эффективный способ передачи информации. Данные технологии обучения можно использовать для безопасного повышения квалификации, чтобы в будущем избежать реальных рисков.

A few years ago, the idea of training law enforcement officers through virtual reality (VR) was out of the question, primarily because of the high cost of this technology. Today, virtual reality has become technically mature, costs have decreased, and technology has spread widely across many professions. We can confidently say that law enforcement agencies need leaders with skills and competencies of the 21st-century that go beyond traditional training. The purpose of this article is to consider (on a foreign example) the importance of using virtual reality technology for training law enforcement officers. The author concluded that the use of virtual reality in training is the most effective way of transmitting information. These training technologies can be used for safe professional development in order to avoid real risks in the future.
Un modelo para el análisis de la integración sociolingüística de la población migrante: fundamentos, dimensiones e instrumentos
Authors: Paredes García Florentino
Published: March 2021

El crecimiento imparable de la migración en el mundo actual, especialmente la de carácter internacional, hace obligado atender a las consecuencias de esos movimientos de población y, en particular, conocer cómo se produce el complejo proceso de integración entre los grupossociales que entran en contacto. La lengua o las variedades lingüísticas de esos grupos son uno de los elementos claves en este sentido, por loque la sociolingüística de la migración se ha centrado especialmente en entender qué papel desempeña lo lingüístico y lo comunicativo, en aras de poder favorecer ese proceso. Este artículo persigue tres objetivos: 1) describir las bases teóricas que fundamentan el análisis de las situacionesde contacto lingüístico producido por la migración; 2) analizar las dimensiones que han de abordarse en el estudio de la integración sociolingüística;y 3) presentar instrumentos que posibiliten el análisis global de estas dimensiones; en concreto, se ofrecen los recursos empleados en el proyecto de investigación IN.MIGRA-CM: la entrevista sociolingüística basada en relatos de vida y los cuestionarios bidireccionales de actitudes hacia la inmigración y las variedades lingüísticas.
Differential effects of minified and magnified mirror visual feedback on the underlying misperception of hand size
Authors: Perera A. Treshi-Marie , Tan Jiun Ting , Mu Poo Shin , Newport Roger
Published: March 2021

Perception of the size of body parts, for instance the hand, has been shown to be distorted in healthy participants, with over- and underestimations of width and length, respectively. Illusory manipulations of body shape and size have highlighted the flexibility of the body representation and have also been found to update immediate perceptions of body size and surrounding objects. Here, we examined whether underlying misperceptions of hand width and length can be modified through exposure to illusory changes in hand size using a mirror visual feedback (MVF) paradigm. While questionnaire responses indicated subjective susceptibility to both magnified and minified manipulations, objective hand size estimates only showed significant differences following exposure to minifying mirrors. These variations might reflect differences in the way that stored representations are accessed or updated in response to size manipulations. Secondly, the findings further reinforce differences between subjective and objective outcomes of illusions on subsequent body perception.
Does morphological structure modulate access to embedded word meaning in child readers?
Authors: Hasenäcker Jana , Solaja Olga , Crepaldi Davide
Published: March 2021

Beginning readers have been shown to be sensitive to the meaning of embedded neighbors (e.g., CROW in CROWN). Moreover, developing readers are sensitive to the morphological structure of words (TEACH-ER). However, the interaction between orthographic and morphological processes in meaning activation during reading is not well established. What determines semantic access to orthographically embedded words? What is the role of suffixes in this process? And how does this change throughout development? To address these questions, we asked 80 Italian elementary school children (third, fourth, and fifth grade) to make category decisions on words (e.g., is CARROT a type of food?). Critically, some target words for no-answers (e.g., is CORNER a type of food?) contained category-congruent embedded stems (i.e., CORN). To gauge the role of morphology in this process, half of the embedded stems were accompanied by a pseudosuffix (CORN-ER) and half by a non-morphological ending (PEA-CE). Results revealed that words were harder to reject as members of a category when the embedded stem was category-congruent. This effect held both with and without a pseudosuffix, but was larger for pseudosuffixed words in the error rates. These results suggest that orthographic stems are activated and activation is fed forward to the semantic level regardless of morphological structure, followed by a decision-making process that might strategically use suffix-like endings.
Chemical synthesis of C6-tetrazole D-mannose building blocks and access to a bioisostere of mannuronic acid 1-phosphate
Authors: Dimitriou Eleni , Miller Gavin J
Published: March 2021

Alginate, an anionic polysaccharide, is an important industrial biomaterial naturally harvested from seaweed. Many of its important physicochemical properties derive from the presence of charged carboxylate groups, presented as uronic acids, within the polysaccharide backbone. An ability to design and synthesise isosteres of these carboxylates would ultimately enable access to new alginate systems possessing different physicochemical properties. We present herein an approach to the chemical synthesis of alginate building blocks, modified at the carboxylate C6 position with bioisosteric tetrazole. The development of this synthesis enables utilisation of C6-tetrazole donors to deliver anomeric phosphate and 3-aminopropyl free sugars containing this motif. Access to these building blocks will further enable glycosylation methodologies to be explored that incorporate tetrazole as a bioisostere within uronic acid-containing carbohydrates.
Stability and activity of platinum nanoparticles in the oxygen electroreduction reaction: is size or ordering of primary importance?
Authors: Paperzh Kirill O , Alekseenko Anastasia A , Safronenko Olga A , Volochaev Vadim A , Pankov Ilia V , Guterman Vladimir E
Published: March 2021

Platinum-carbon catalysts are widely used in manufacturing proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Increasing Pt/C activity and stability is an urgent task, optimization of their structure seems to be one of the possible solutions.  In the present paper, Pt/C electrocatalysts which contained small (2 - 2.6 nm) nanoparticles of a similar size, uniformly distributed over the surface of a carbon support, were obtained by the original method of liquid-phase synthesis. A comparative study of the structural characteristics, catalytic activity in the oxygen electroreduction reaction and durability of the synthesized catalysts, as well as their commercial analogs has been carried out. It was shown that the ordering of the structural and morphological characteristics of Pt/C catalysts makes it possible to reduce the negative effect of NPs small size on their stability. As a result, the obtained catalysts are significantly superior to their commercial analogs in ORR activity, but not inferior to them in terms of stability.