bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OCHRONA INTERESU POKRZYWDZONEGO W POLSKIM PRAWIE KARNYM
Authors: Borowicka Monika
Published: March 2017

PROTECTION OF VICTIM’S RIGHTS IN THE POLISH PENAL LAWSummary The World Victimology Society was formed in 1979. That event greatly influenced the development of a study o f a victim and also initiated the movement for the wronged. Victim surveys conducted on the basis of self reporting enabled to define the concepts o f primary and secondary victimization. The surveys confirmed the fact that the implementation of an injured party protection is still inadequate.That subject matter was taken up by the VI Congress of the United Nations in 1985. The U N proclaimed the Declaration of Basic Laws for Victims of Crime and Abuse o f Authorities. In the part devoted to victims of crimes it lists four fundamental rights:a) a right of access to an administration of justice;b) a right to restoration;c) a right to compensation;d) a right to aid.The document also indicates the possibility to use mediation, arbitration, or conciliation and also the Polish legislator perceives the new trends o f punishment policy expressed in progressive regulations. As distinct from the hitherto role o f an injured party as a witness in his own case these regulations aim at securing an effective influence of an injured party on the course o f proceedings and a possibility to satisfy his claim.Currently, one o f the aims o f the Penal Code is an obligation to compensate for damages and to redress an injury sustained by an injured party. It is on the list of means of punishment together with a sanction imposing a payment to an injured or to the public purse and a pecuniary performance (article 39, point 5 of the Penal Code). It may not only complement a punishment, but also be its alternative.An obligation o f a perpetrator of an offence to redress an inflicted damage should also serve the appeasement of conflicts resulting from an unlawful conduct. It also allows a release on probation and an extraordinary mitigation of penalty. Therefore it serves a number of penal functions: o f compensation, resocialization, and education.
Female Epispadias Presenting as Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Jonuzi Asmir , Popović Nusret , Zvizdić Zlatan , Milišić Emir , Karavdić Kenan , Dewan Paddy
Published: March 2017

Isolated female epispadias without bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital anomaly affecting 1 in 484,000 females. The presenting features of female epispadias are urinary incontinence and abnormal anatomical features. A 6-year-old girl presented with primary urinary incontinence who on physical examination had a bifid clitoris and labia minora. The vagina and hymen were normal. Voiding cystourethrogram showed no reflux and a funnel shaped proximal urethra. With the diagnosis of isolated female epispadias, one-stage reconstruction of the urethra, bladder neck, labia minora and clitoris was performed.
Lumbo-Costo-Vertebral Syndrome: An Iceberg with Tip of Hernia and Body of Spinal and Neurological Malformations
Authors: Sinopidis Xenophon , Antoniou Georgia , Alexopoulos Vasileios , Panagidis Antonios , Georgiou George
Published: March 2017

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KEBERHASILAN PROGRAM DESA VOKASI TERHADAP PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA GEMAWANG KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Malik Abdul , Dwiningrum Siti Irene Astuti
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkapkan keberhasilan program desa vokasi terhadap pemberdayaan masyarakat berkaitan dengan: (1) pelaksanaan; (2) hasil (3) dampak; (4) faktor pendukung dan penghambat program. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah tim pengembang desa vokasi, kepala desa, ketua dan peserta program. Pengumpulan data melalui: wawancara; observasi; dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data melalui: reduksi data; penyajian data; dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan: (1) Pelaksanaan program desa vokasi melalui: seleksi wilayah, sosialisasi dan pembentukan pengurus, identifikasi dan pembentukan kelompok, pemilihan ketua kelompok, pelaksanaan diklat, dan pertemuan antar kelompok; (2) Hasil program berupa peningkatan kecakapan vokasi dan perkembangan kelompok usaha; (3) Dampak program berupa peningkatan ekonomi, status sosial dan perubahan budaya; (4) Faktor pendukung internal adalah tingginya target meningkatkan kualitas hidup, dan faktor pendukung eksternal ialah kuatnya komitmen aparat desa dan adanya pembinaan instansi terkait. Faktor penghambat internal adalah rendahnya motivasi. Faktor penghambat eksternal adalah cuaca, terbatasnya modal serta banyaknya pesaing dalam pemasaran.Kata Kunci: program desa vokasi, pemberdayaan masyarakat. THE SUCCESS OF THE VOCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN GEMAWANG VILLAGE, SEMARANG REGENCYAbstractThis study aims to reveal the perception the success of vocational to community empowerment about: (1) Implementation; (2) Results; (3) The impact; and (3) supporting and inhibiting factors the program.The study employed the qualitative descriptive approach. The research subjects comprised the team developing the vocational village, the village chief, the head of the program. The data were collected through: interviews, observations, documentation. The data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification. The study reveals the following findings: (1) Implementation the Vocational Village Program through several steps including page region selection, socialization, identification and determination of the group, election of the chairman, the implementation of vocational education and training, vocational group; (2) Output rural vocational program consisting of an increase in vocational skills for each member of the group and the development of business groups; (3) Impact of the vocational village program is the increased economic, social status and cultural; (4) Internal supporting factor is the presence of the ideals of the program participants to achieve a better life, and external contributing factors is the strong commitment by village officials, and special group. While the internal limiting factor is the lack of motivation. External limiting factor is the state of the weather, the limited capital and many competitors in marketing.Keywords: vocational village program, community empowerment
Peranan dongeng dalam pendidikan karakter pada taman kanak-kanak Lazuardi Kamila di Surakarta
Authors: Nuryanto Sidik , Izzaty Rita Eka
Published: March 2017

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui (1) pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter melalui dongeng, (2) nilai karakter yang dikembangkan, (3) faktor pendukung dan penghambat, dan (4) hasilnya pada TK Lazuardi Kamila. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan Penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Hasil penelitian yaitu (1) Pelaksanaan dongeng dimulai dengan perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. (2) Nilai karakter meliputi olah hati, olah pikir, olah raga, dan olah rasa. (3) Faktor pendukung lembaga adanya progam mendongeng, sentra Islamic character building, serta penyediaan fasilitas, dan dari pendidik adalah keteladanan. Dukungan orangtua berupa kemudahan komunikasi dengan pihak lembaga. Faktor penghambat lembaga yaitu karyawan belum bisa menjadi teladan, minimnya media dongeng, serta penilaian belum tersusun sistematis. Pendidik belum menyusun daftar dongeng, kesulitan mencari bahasa, dan penjelasan nilai karakter tidak utuh. Orangtua belum bisa menjadi teladan, dan rendahnya partisipasi dalam melanjutkan pendidikan karakter. (4) Hasilnya semua nilai karakter telah dilakukan, kecuali kepemimpinan dan cinta tanah airKata Kunci: dongeng, pendidikan karakter, taman kanak-kanak The Role of Tales in Character Education in Kamila Lazuardi Kindergarten in SurakartaAbstractThe aim of research to determine (1) the implementation of character education through tales, (2) the value of the characters are developed, (3) enabling and inhibiting factors, and (4) the results on TK Lazuardi Kamila. The qualitative research with case study method. Results of the study are (1) The tales begins with the planning, implementation and evaluation. (2) Value of characters includes careful though, if thought, sport, and if the flavor. (3) Factors supporting institutions for programs of storytelling, character building Islamic centers, and the provision of facilities, and from educators is exemplary. Parental support in the form of ease of communication with the institutions. Inhibiting factors, namely agency employees cannot serve as an example, the lack of media stories, as well as the assessment has not been systematically arranged. Educators have not compiled a list of fairy tales, having trouble finding the language, and explanation of the value of the character is not intact. Parents cannot be exemplary, and low participation in continuing education of character. (4) The results of all grades of character has been done, except leadership and patriotism.Keywords: tale, character education, kindergarten
On Jim Fleming’s Anti-Originalism
Authors: Barber Sotirios A.
Published: March 2017

James E. Fleming’s new contribution to the interpretive debate successfully exposes “new originalist” failures to find defensible middle ground between a Dworkinian approach to constitutional interpretation and the now widely discredited originalism of Raoul Berger. Fleming also exposes the irony of “new originalist” efforts to vindicate democracy and the rule of law. Less persuasive are Fleming’s reasons for optimism about the future of constitutional theory and fidelity to a constitution that seems increasingly beyond reform.
Why Constitutional Meaning is not Necessarily Fixed - A Reply to Solum
Authors: Stevens Katharina
Published: March 2017

Abstract:In this paper, I show that certain parts of constitutional texts can plausibly be thought of as having a meaning that changes and evolves on its own. This idea is widely rejected, especially but not only by a group of legal theorists who subscribe to a theory of constitutional interpretation called originalism. In a recent paper, the originalist Lawrence Solum has defended the so-called “fixation thesis”, according to which the meaning of the constitutional text is fixed when it was first enacted and does not change later on. Solum rejects the idea that the meaning of the constitutional text might evolve because he cannot identify a plausible way in which any text could have an evolving meaning. I argue that there are such texts and offer folk-fairy-tales as an example. I then go on to present reasons why constitutions can plausibly be considered to be texts that, like fairy-tales, change their meanings independently.
DETERMINAN KUALITAS HIDUP PENDERITA DM TIPE 2 DI RSUD AJJAPPANGE
Authors: Herdianti Herdianti
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui besar risiko determinan kualitas hidup penderita DM tipe 2 di RSUD Ajjappange Kabupaten Soppeng tahun 2014.Jenis penelitian adalah observasional dengan rancangan case control study. Sampel diambil dengan dua cara yakni untuk kasus menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan kontrol menggunakan simple random sampling di RSUD Ajjappange Soppeng. Kelompok kasus adalah penderita DM tipe 2 yang memiliki kualitas hidup kurang baik. Kontrol adalah penderita DM tipe 2 yang memiliki kualitas hidup cukup baik. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 152 orang dengan perbandingan kasus-kontrol 1:1. Analisis  data yang digunakan adalah uji odds rasio dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor dukungan keluarga (p = 0.00 OR 5.14 95% CI: 2.56 - 10.33); umur (p = 0.00 OR 3.13 95% CI: 1.61 - 6.07); jenis kelamin (p = 0.01 OR 2.35 95% CI 1.23 - 4.51) memiliki risiko yang signifikan. Pada analisis multivariat, dukungan keluarga adalah determinan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup penderita DM tipe 2 di RSUD Ajjappange Soppeng (OR = 6.74). Penelitian ini menyarankan agar sebaiknya pemberian pendidikan kesehatan penatalaksanaan DM tipe 2 yang melibatkan keluarga.
Identifikasi dan isolasi promoter gen pembungaan kakao TcLFY Identification and isolation for promoter of TcLFY cacao flowering gene
Authors: SANTOS Djoko , HANDAYAN Agustina A. , MOELJOPAWIRO Sukarti
Published: March 2017

SummaryPromoter is a regulator of geneexpression for a phenotype or trait carried bythe gene. In the structure, a promoter locatedbeyond the 5’ end of the open reading frame ofthe gene on which its expression is regulated.This research aimed to isolate the DNAfragment flanking TcLFY at the 5’ end and toanalyze whether the fragment has charac-teristics of the promoter, primarily the coremotifs of promoter. Using Genome Walkingtechnique, DNA fragments flanking the TcLFYgene at its 5’ end was isolated. Analysis of theDNA sequence was done using onlinecomputer software accessible through web sitewww.softberry.com and an entry sequence ofthe flanking DNA fragment along with the 2.5kb TcLFY sequence. The result indicated thatthe flanking fragment has core motifs for apromoter at proper positions, which are TATAbox at position –80, CAT boxes (CCAAT) at -387 and –626, and GC boxes that are known asUAS were found at the -323 and –537positions. To obtain a conclusive result, thispromoter sequence needs to be furtherexamined to confirm its function.RingkasanPromoter merupakan pengendali ekspresigen untuk memunculkan fenotipe atau karakteryang dibawa oleh gen tersebut. Di dalamstrukturnya, promoter umumnya terletak didaerah ujung 5’ gen yang dikendalikanekspresinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalahmendapatkan fragmen DNA yang mengapitgen pengendali pembungaan kakao (TcLFY)dan menganalisisnya apakah memilikikarakteristik promoter, yaitu mengandungmotif-motif inti (core motifs) dari promoter.Dengan teknik Genome Walking, fragmenDNA pengapit gen TcLFY di ujung 5’ dapatdiisolasi. Analisis sekuen menggunakanperangkat lunak komputer online (www.softberry.com) dengan input data fragmentersebut ditambah gen TcLFY 2,5 kb dibawahnya, mengindikasikan adanya beberapamotif inti promoter pada posisi yang sesuai,yaitu kotak TATA pada lokasi –80, kotak CAT(CCAAT) di posisi -387 dan –626, dan kotakGC yang merupakan UAS dijumpai padalokasi -323 dan –537. Untuk memperoleh hasilyang bersifat konklusif, sekuen promoter inimasih perlu diuji fungsinya.
Methodical grounds of monitoring of the agricultural organizations, having in its composition of potential sources of accidents and disasters
Authors: Pluyschikov V G , Avdotin V P , Avdotina J S , Kovan S E
Published: March 2017

The article presents a methodological framework developed by the authors with the aim of developing methods of forecasting, prevention of emergency situations (es), and also increase of stability of functioning of the organizations of the Ministry of agriculture of Russia, having in composition the existing object predstavlyayushie danger, and aims to increase the efficiency of state control over security. The unsatisfactory financial position of ogranicheniyami, having in its composition of potentially dangerous objects, is an additional risk factor man-made disaster that needs to be considered when conducting security control. The purpose of financial monitoring is to determine associations with increased risk of occurrence of accidents on the basis of objective assessment of their financial and economic state that will allow timely monitoring of inspections by the state Supervisory authorities in advance and to take the necessary preventive measures.
Ontogenic spectrum of coenopopulations as indicator of species strategy under anthropogenic stress (on the example rare and protected plants of the natural and historical park “Bitsevsky forest”)
Authors: Istomina I I , Pavlova M E , Terechin A A
Published: March 2017

The authors investigated the structure of populations of rare and protected species included in the Red book of Moscow and Moscow region, in connection with the influence of increasing anthropogenic loads in the forest zone of the city of Moscow. For the first time in the Bitsa forest Park based on the features of ontomorphogenesis of species such as the Sanicula europaea L., Convallaria majalis L., Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All., Coridalis intermedia (L.) Merat . described and analyzed the age structure of their populations. Comparing the structure of populations of protected species, the authors showed the existence of different strategies of these species under conditions of anthropogenic stress.
La discriminación puesta en escena
Authors: Oliva Barboza Patricia
Published: March 2017

Compartir las percepciones de desigualdad que experimentan las mujeres artistas costarricenses es lo que pretende este artículo. En la historia costarricense del arte, las mujeres aparecen como fundadoras/formadoras de las primeras academias de ballet y danza, protagonismo que hace aún más urgente develar procesos de transformación, niveles de percepción (según las generaciones de artistas) y descubrir sus preocupaciones frente a posibles signos de poder e invisibilización. El análisis se construye a partir de las entrevistas realizadas. Que este artículo sea esa primera ventana para asomarse y cuestionarse si la dominación y el patriarcado tienen sus formas propias en el mundo del arte es ya un logro en la visibilización de la trayectoria de las mujeres artistas.
La criminalización de la diversidad sexual y el inicio del activismo gay en Costa Rica, 1985-1989
Authors: Jiménez Bolaños José Daniel
Published: March 2017

El presente artículo examina, a partir de un análisis de los discursos periodísticos, la manera en que el surgimiento del VIH/SIDA en Costa Rica a mediados de la década de 1980 conlleva todo un proceso de criminalización de la diversidad sexual, principalmente enfocada a los hombres gay. Esta criminalización se estructuró a través de una dinámica donde la abyección social se materializó en acciones concretas por parte del Estado, las cuales encontraron legitimidad en la ciudadanía. La persecución de personas que practicaban o se identificaban con una sexualidad no normativa, especialmente en lugares de socialización claves, tuvo como resultado la organización activista. Esta politización de las identidades es un proceso que sigue reconstruyéndose y forma parte del paisaje social costarricense.
Economía solidaria, alternativas y ciudadanía
Authors: Gatica López Gustavo
Published: March 2017

El presente artículo sostiene que uno de los efectos –acaso uno de los más críticos- de la economía hegemónica capitalista, es arrebatar la noción de ciudadanía para un amplio grupo de personas en esta región. Tomando como base las características esenciales de la Economía Solidaria, se mostrará que como alternativa, puede contribuir a devolver lo arrebatado a amplios sectores de las sociedades. Para ello se recuperan algunos de los principales aportes teóricos, en América Latina y el Caribe. Se argumentará que si bien la Economía Solidaria parte de una nueva comprensión de la economía, es ante todo, una alternativa política por sus implicancias y alcances.
La participación del Instituto Centroamericano de Extensión de la Cultura (ICECU) en el campo religioso mesoamericano
Authors: Pineda Sancho Andrey , Núñez Picado Dagoberto
Published: March 2017

Este artículo expone los resultados de un análisis de contenido aplicado a las respuestas brindadas por el Instituto Centroamericano de Extensión de la Cultura (ICECU) a preguntas sobre magia y brujería efectuadas por su audiencia a través de un intercambio epistolar con la institución. Este análisis, realizado a la luz de la teoría del campo religioso de Pierre Bourdieu, muestra la visión del Instituto respecto de las prácticas y creencias mágicas, así como su posicionamiento dentro del campo religioso mesoamericano. Presenta también los principales rasgos de la labor del Instituto, en tanto institución educativa/cultural dentro de la región, así como el proceso que le llevó a incursionar en el campo religioso mesoamericano.
Revista Rupturas Volumen 2 Número 2
Authors: Rupturas Revista
Published: March 2017

Nota Editorial Para el Centro de Investigación en Cultura y Desarrollo (CICDE), así como para el Consejo Editorial de esta revista, es una gran satisfacción presentar el segundo número de nuestro segundo volumen. Aparte de los artículos académicos usuales que constituyen el cuerpo principal de Rupturas, en esta ocasión incluimos por segunda vez la sección Documentos e inauguramos una nueva sección: Suplemento. Esta última aparecerá en algunos números de la Revista y tendrá un carácter temático, es decir, ofrecerá aportes en relación con alguna problemática particular. En esta primera aparición del Suplemento, se ofrecen dos artículos que brindan análisis y propuestas en relación con uno de los temas centrales de la realidad sociopolítica costarricense de los últimos años: la crisis de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (CCSS).
La seguridad alimentaria frente a la internacionalización del comercio
Authors: González Luis Alexánder
Published: March 2017

Los grandes actores agrícolas (Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea y los grandes países periféricos) evolucionan hacia una liberalización progresiva del comercio mundial. La ponderación que las políticas agrícolas establecen entre apertura y protección constituye el marco ideal para el estudio de la problemática emergencia de la libre circulación de productos agrícolas, pues ella puede caracterizar algunos impasses socio-políticos relacionados con la seguridad alimentaria. La tendencia hacia la liberalización puede explicar por qué para la comunidad internacional los acuerdos comerciales son uno de los medios empleados por algunos países para obtener la apertura de los mercados. ABSTRACT The big agricultural actors at a worldwide level (United States of America, the European Union, and a big group of peripheral countries) are evolving in a progressive liberalization of the world trade. The gricultural policies’ balance of liberalization and protection elements constitutes the ideal framework to analyze the problematic emergence of the free circulation of food. It can additionally characterize some socio-political impasses related to the food security. This tendency towards liberalization can explain why for the international community trade agreements are used by some countries so to get market openings.
Crisis climática y agricultura: otra racionalidad para preservar la vida
Authors: Carazo Vargas Eva
Published: March 2017

La variabilidad climática es un fenómeno natural, pero las actividades humanas han acelerado transformaciones que atentan contra el equilibrio del planeta y afectan a todas las formas de vida. Enfrentar el cambio climático demanda transformaciones significativas en las formas de producción, distribución y consumo propias del capitalismo industrial. La agricultura está estrechamente ligada con la naturaleza, es una de las actividades humanas más afectadas y con mayor impacto sobre el cambio climático. La agroecología y la agricultura familiar campesina tienen el potencial de alimentar al mundo al mismo tiempo que facilitar un retorno a los equilibrios naturales. Fortalecerlas implica apoyar una racionalidad sustentable, flexible y diversa, otra forma de relacionarnos con la naturaleza y preservar la vida.
Comparación de políticas de desarrollo: Irlanda, Corea del Sur, Finlandia y Costa Rica
Authors: Jiménez Gómez Roberto
Published: March 2017

El artículo compara, en ciertos aspectos, el desarrollo que ha tenido Finlandia, Corea del Sur e Irlanda con el de Costa Rica. Se parte de la situación existente en la década de 1960, se muestra las políticas aplicadas por cada país en el contexto de sus modelos y se establece la situación actual de estos países. Finalmente, se definen algunas lecciones aprendidas por las naciones, producto de los logros y retos planteados a raíz del desarrollo.
Revista Rupturas Volumen 3 Número 1
Authors: Rupturas Revista
Published: March 2017

Revista Rupturas Volumen 3 Número 1
APUNTES DE COYUNTURA: Homosexualidad y fe cristiana: acercamiento desde una teología inclusiva
Authors: Moya Gómez Abel
Published: March 2017

Los temas relativos a la homosexualidad parecen ser hoy problemas cruciales para la mayoría de las iglesias. La sexualidad en general y en especial la cuestión de la orientación sexual ocupa grandes espacios en los diversos pronunciamientos teológicos y pastorales de la Iglesia Católica Romana, las iglesias protestantes y las evangélicas en casi todo el mundo. La temática divide a las y los cristianos entre posiciones ultraconservadoras excluyentes y posturas más heterodoxas e inclusivas. En este escrito vamos a abordar el asunto de manera muy breve desde tres puntos de vista: la teología, la Biblia y el impacto de los Derechos Humanos y las luchas de los movimientos LGTBI hoy.
El discurso del periódico La Nación sobre la participación política de las personas jóvenes en Costa Rica (2009-2014)
Authors: Díaz González José Andrés
Published: March 2017

Este artículo trata de dilucidar las imágenes sobre las personas jóvenes que se encuentran en el contenido de las noticias del periódico La Nación. Para esto, se han recolectado noticias referentes a cuatro coyunturas distintas: las marchas del 1° de mayo (2009-2014), el movimiento por la “Ley del Fotocopiado” (2012), la implementación de educación sexual en colegios públicos (2013) y la campaña electoral (2013-2014). Estas coyunturas permiten visualizar las diferencias del discurso de La Nación respecto a la participación de las personas jóvenes, según si esta ocurre en un espacio institucionalizado o no institucionalizado. Asimismo, se pretende identificar los elementos adultocentristas presentes en el discurso de este periódico
A critical review of corporate governance reforms in Malaysia
Authors: Al-Hiyari Ahmad
Published: March 2017

Following the East-Asian financial crisis in 1997 and the corporate accounting scandals, the shareholder’s confidence in the audited financial statements was adversely affected and regulators started to think seriously reforming the existing corporate governance practices. As a result, numerous initiatives were implemented to accelerate improvement of corporate governance practices. One of these initiatives was the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG). The code was derived from the approach applied by the British Hampel Committee, which attempt to mitigate the agency problem between corporate managers and outside owners. This study suggests that the British approach is unsuitable to Malaysian business environment. Particularly, the MCCG that had been lunched since 2011 ignore the uniqueness of Malaysia’s capital market, regulation environment and ownership structure. Therefore, the study recommends that policy makers and other regulators should consider the local business environment when establishing future code on corporate governance.
Blockchain technology and decentralized governance: Is the state still necessary?
Authors: Atzori Marcella
Published: March 2017

The core technology of Bitcoin, the blockchain, has recently emerged as a disruptive innovation with a wide range of applications, potentially able to redesign our interactions in business, politics and society at large. Although scholarly interest in this subject is growing, a comprehensive analysis of blockchain applications from a political perspective is severely lacking to date. This paper aims to fill this gap and it discusses the key points of blockchain-based decentralized governance, which challenges to varying degrees the traditional mechanisms of State authority, citizenship and democracy. In particular, the paper verifies to which extent blockchain and decentralized platforms can be considered as hyper-political tools, capable to manage social interactions on large scale and dismiss traditional central authorities. The analysis highlights risks related to a dominant position of private powers in distributed ecosystems, which may lead to a general disempowerment of citizens and to the emergence of a stateless global society. While technological utopians urge the demise of any centralized institution, this paper advocates the role of the State as a necessary central point of coordination in society, showing that decentralization through algorithm-based consensus is an organizational theory, not a stand-alone political theory.
Polymorphism of microsatellite loci in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and related species
Authors: Kondic-Spika Ankica , Dencic Srbislav , Mladenov Novica , Trkulja Dragana , Mikic Sanja , Hristov Nikola , Marjanovic-Jeromela Ana
Published: March 2017

This study analysed polymorphism of 15 microsatellite loci in the col?lection
comprising of 40 genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 32
genotypes belonging to other species within Triticum genus and 3 genotypes
from Aegilops genus. The results showed significant differences in the
variability of the tested loci in bread wheat and related species. In the
collection of bread wheat genotypes, 119 alleles were detected with the
average number of 7.9 alleles per locus. In wild and cultivated related
species 157 alleles were identified, with the average of 10.5 alleles per
locus. All analysed parameters of micro?satellite loci variability (PIC
value, gene diversity, heterozygosity, etc.) indicated higher level of
polymorphism in wild relatives than in the cultivated bread wheat. Analyses
of individual genomes indicated that in the bread wheat genetic diversity of
the B and D genomes was significantly reduced in relation to the A genome,
while the differences in polymorphism between genomes in the wild relatives
were significantly lower. The results showed that wild related species can be
used as sources for new variability in wheat breeding.
Phenotypic and molecular evaluation of genetic diversity in ns safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) collection
Authors: Marjanovic-Jeromela Ana , Kondic-Spika Ankica , Miladinovic Dragana , Dimitrijevic Aleksandra , Imerovski Ivana , Jockovic Milan , Simic Aleksandar , Terzic Sreten
Published: March 2017

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) belongs to the Asteraceae (Compositae)
family. It is primarily grown for seeds used for bird feed or as edible oil.
Stamens are used in traditional medicine and nutrition. Breeding for high
resistance to dry growing conditions has initiated intensive studies of this
plant species in recent years. Six safflower genotypes of different
geographical origins (Ukraine, Italy, Turkey) were collected and added to the
collection of less cultivated oil plant species of the Institute of Field and
Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. Phenotypic observations during two growing
seasons revealed that analysed genotypes differed in flower colour (yellow,
orange, red), in the presence of spines, and in seed oil and protein content.
Oil and protein content differed between years and genotypes, indicating
large influence of genotype and environmental conditions on variations of
these quantitative traits that are negatively correlated. Genetic variability
of the analysed genotypes was tested by use of molecular markers. Given that
sunflower and safflower belong to the same family, the possibility of
applying SSR markers developed for sunflower for molecular analysis of
safflower was analysed. The obtained results proved that sunflower markers
can be successfully transferred to safflower. Future studies should include
larger number of markers in order to identify polymorphic and informative
ones. Significant variations within a relatively small number of the analysed
safflower genotypes justify further work on the evaluation of the collection,
taking into account both genetic and environmental factors.
L-Phys
Authors:   Depart. of Vascular Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Passariello Fausto
Published: March 2017

L-Phys - Mar 1-15, 2016. (unmoderated session: Mar 16-25, 2016) Physiopathology of Lymphedema Moderator: Dr. Fausto Passariello Discussant: Prof. Waldemar Lech Olszewski Lymphedema of lower and upper limbs is a consequence of irreversible interruption of lymphatic collectors draining skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia and to lesser extent other tissues. There are two major groups of lymphedema: post-inflammatory caused by bacterial and viral infections (post-dermatitis) and postsurgical after lymphadenectomy and radiotherapy in cancer (after mastectomy, histerectomy, skin tumors-melanoma). This last type is increasing in number due to prolonged longevity after anti-cancer therapy. The number of patients with lymphedema of limbs reaches now, according to WHO, 300 million. The general knowledge of the anatomy and function of the lymphatic system is still rudimentary. This system serves maintenance of cell fluid and chemical environment, transport of synthetized functional proteins and removal of waste products and cellular debris. Dendritic cells and recirculating lymphocytes play a dominant role in recognition and elimination of penetrating microorganisms. Our discussion on Vasculab should be directed more to questions than comments. The product may be more educational than instructive but provide a basis for rational modern therapy. The main points for discussion are: - Mechanism of plasma capillary filtration and lymph formation - Transport of capillary filtrate (tissue fluid/lymph) to blood circulation - Contemporary methods of conservative and surgical therapy.
A multi-platform approach to investigative journalism
Authors: Rosenthal Robert
Published: March 2017

Robert Rosenthal began his career in journalism at The New York Times, where he was a news assistant on the foreign desk and an editorial assistant on the Pulitzer-Prize winning Pentagon Papers project. He later worked at the Boston Globe, and for 22 years at the Philadelphia Inquirer, starting as a reporter and eventually becoming its executive editor in 1998. He became managing editor of the San Francisco Chronicle in late 2002, and joined the Center for Investigative Reporting as executive director in 2008. Rosenthal has won numerous awards, including the Overseas Press Club Award for magazine writing, the Sigma Delta Chi Award for distinguished foreign correspondence, and the National Association of Black Journalists Award for Third World Reporting. He was a Pulitzer Prize finalist in international reporting, and has been an adjunct professor at Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism and the University of California at Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism. The Australian Centre for Independent Journalism (ACIJ) invited Robert Rosenthal to speak about the transformational model of investigative journalism, which he has pioneered at the CIR, as the keynote speech at the ‘Back to the Source’ conference.
Panel discussion—investigative case studies
Authors: Vatsikopoulous Helen
Published: March 2017

The transcript of a panel discussion on two Australian investigative journalism case studies, moderated by Helen Vatsikopoulos: 1. Dirty Money: The Age and ABC Four Corners investigations in 2009 and 2010 into the Federal Reserve Bank and the allegedly corrupt activities of some staff of a subsidiary company, Securency—Richard Baker, Nick McKenzie and Sue Spencer; 2. Crime Does Pay: a Sydney Morning Herald investigation into how the law enforcement agency NSW Crime Commission has been sharing the proceeds of crime with organised crime figures, cutting deals that allow them to walk away with millions of dollars—Dylan Welch, Linton Besser.
FRONTLINE: Background to 'Sulphate Sunrise' - investigating New Caledonia
Authors: Gooch Nicole
Published: March 2017

Reporting on Vale SA, the Brazilian-based world’s second-largest nickel producer which aims to start production soon at its US$4.5 billion Goro refinery project in New Caledonia, represents a good example of the need to dedicate time building contacts on the ground and speaking to a variety of sources. This article examines a Global Mail investigation into an environmental issue that is complex from a scientific and technological point of view, but is further complicated by the multiple social, ethical, and spiritual perspectives linked to it. The mine is deeply embedded in a specific local political, economical and social framework—that of decolonisation and questions over legitimacy of power (Horowitz 2009, p. 249; van Vuuren 2008, p. 74). In terms of sources, a French environmentalist will have a radically different perspective to the environment to that of an indigenous Kanak, for whom land is first and foremost the source of identity and dignity. Views within the Kanak community also diverge.
The value of accreditation of journalism programmes: A New Zealand perspective
Authors: Hannis Grant
Published: March 2017

Doubts have been raised in both the United States and the United Kingdom about the merits of accrediting university-based journalism programmes. The accrediting agencies in those countries have been accused of being inflexible and focussing on the old world of print journalism. Accreditation of the three university-based journalism programmes in New Zealand has been through a similarly controversial period, but recently a new accord was reached allowing for a more flexible, non-intrusive form of accreditation. This article discusses how this new regime developed. It notes that the new accord is based on three main factors—the importance of accreditation to the journalism programmes, the power relationships existing between the accrediting agency and the schools, and the personalities of those involved.
REVIEW: Bearing witness in 40 years of Greenpeace chronicles
Authors: Robie David
Published: March 2017

Reviews of: Rainbow Warrior Mon Amour: Trente ans de photos aux côtés de Greenpeace, by Pierre Gleizes. Paris: Glenart, 2011, 379 pp. ISBN 978-2723484558; Warriors of the Rainbow: A chronicle of the Greenpeace movement from 1971 to 1979, by Robert Hunter [40th anniversary edition]. Perth: Greenpeace and Freemantle Press, 2011, 451pp. ISBN 978-1921888809.My dog-eared yellow-covered copy of the late Robert Hunter’s Warriors of the Rainbow still has pride of place among my bookshelves. It was inspirational in many respects before I embarked on Rainbow Warrior I’s journey to the Marshall Islands in May 1985 which led to the bombing in Auckland’s Waitemata Harbour two months later and my own book Eyes of Fire about that ill-fated humanitarian voyage, so very different from most Greenpeace campaigns.
REVIEW: 'Digger' media out-manoeuvred by military
Authors: Dodson Giles
Published: March 2017

Review of: Witnesses to War: The History of Australian Conflict Reporting, by Fay Anderson and Richard Trembath. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2011, 501 pp, ISBN 978-0522856446 (pbk)Witnesses to War: The History of Australian Conflict Reporting provides a thorough-going account of the developments and, importantly, of continuities which have characterised Australian reporting of foreign wars since the 19th century. It is a welcome addition to the growing body of conflict reporting literature, in particular to that which concerns the local experience. It is clear the forces which structure Australian war journalism have remained relatively constant throughout the 20th and 21st centuries.
ORGANISASI KURIKULUM BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Rahnang Rahnang
Published: March 2017

In the learning process, the curriculum has a very important role, especially for teachers and

students. Therefore, to make it easier to implement the curriculum, especially in learning the

Arabic language, then it is divided into several systems.

In the Arabic language learning, the curriculum system division is then called curriculum

organization which consists of two systems i.e. Nazhariyatul Furu’ and Nazhariyatul

Wahdah. Curriculum organization is a framework or pattern of the lessons arranged based on

specific purposes of educational programs to achieve. In addition, the principle of curriculum

organization is that it is arranged to facilitate the process of learning for teachers and students

so as to achieve educational purposes effectively and optimally.
PENGARUH BANYAKNYA PESERTA TES, BUTIR, PILIHAN JAWABAN, SERTA INDEKS KESULITAN TERHADAP STATISTIK DAYA PEMBEDA DAN RELIABILITAS
Authors: Hasmy Ali
Published: March 2017

This research was conducted to see the effect of the number of testee (sample size), the number of items (test length), the number of options, and index of difficulty to various item discrimination statistics and test reliability. The data used are simulated data and analyzed using the Test Analysis Program (TAP) version 6.65 with a full factorial design. In general, the results show that the number of testee, the number of items, and index of difficulty (except number of options) significantly affect the various item discrimination statistics and test reliability. The statistics are robust to these three factors is only the Mean of Item Discrimination and Spearman Brown’s 1-2 Split-Half, while the most sensitive is Split-Half Odd-Even statistic.
INTERNALISASI KARAKTER KEMANDIRIAN MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN KONSTRUKTIF DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Rianawati Rianawati
Published: March 2017

Students are young generation, the nation’s hope to build a better country. As a young genera-tion, students must have a strong character, independent, responsible, critical, logical, creative, and innovative. Through constructive learning, students are expected to be able to inde-pendently improve and use the knowledge to assess and analyze, solve problems, think active-ly, critically and logically, and take the meaning of what is learned. Therefore, the learning process is student -oriented activities. Constructive learning is not only concerned with the cognitive aspects, but also oriented to the development of skills and noble character of the student. Lecturer facilitates a democratic learning that allows students to develop independent learning. Lecturer served as a facilitator, mentor and director, and evaluator of learning.
SISI LAIN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Hamzah Nur
Published: March 2017

In Indonesian education system, the madrasah is one of the most important institutions. This is because of the madrasah serves as the bridge connecting the purely religious education --such as the boarding school, mosque and surau-- and modern public education such as schools. Regarding the aspect of scientific development, the madrasah develops and teaches sciences commonly taught in the public school as well as teaching religious education normally instructed in the boarding school. In the domain of teaching method and system, the madrasah education is also an innovation and development of the methods implemented in the boarding school. Therefore, the madrasah an education institution that teaches both general and religious-based sciences. However, some madrasahs are facing complicated issues such as the problem of human resources, facilities, sources of funds, incompetent management, government policies that are not in favor of the madrasah, and the graduates that are not prepared to compete in the global era.
INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI MORAL AGAMA PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Sapendi Sapendi
Published: March 2017

As the next generation of the family and the nation, children need to obtain good education so that their personal potential can develop, and they will grow to be strong and have a wide range of useful abilities and skills. It is therefore important for the family and educational institutions to take part in and be responsible for providing a wide variety of stimulation and guidance that will create a tough future generation. Childhood, especially at an early age or between 0 to 8 years, is often called the golden years, because in this stage, various abilities of children grow rapidly. Giving appropriate stimulation and facilities in this phase will greatly affect the subsequent process of their development. In contrast, when the environment around them such as parents, educators, and society fail to provide appropriate stimulation to their abilities, they will not grow as expected. Internalization of moral and religious values help to increase and guide the development of children. Establishment of moral and religious values in children is not merely a routine worship activities, but rather it should be instilled in a direct, concrete way and appropriate to a child’s language in the conduct of daily life. Introducing moral and religious values since early childhood will hopefully be a guide for him in the future.
PENGUATAN PENDIDIKAN NILAI DI BIDANG FIQH; STUDI PEMIKIRAN FALAK KH. ABDUL RANI MAHMUD
Authors: Fahmi Moch Riza
Published: March 2017

Values education is establishing noble values in a student by a teacher. Values education serves as a support to students to materialize and experience values, and integrate them in his/her whole life. KH. Abdul Rani Mahmud was an ulema and also a teacher at Madrasah al-Raudhatul Islamiyah Pontianak who devoted his life to Islamic education in Pontianak. His concept of Falakwas classical, similar to the method developed by earlier ulemas such as Kiai Ma’shum ibn Ali because he used refraction data, declination of the sun, and (standard) old version of equation of time, and did not include the calculation of altitude from the sea level, and determine the time of sunrise and sunset. However, in general his concept of falakin the calculation of the time of prayer is in accordance with astronomy using latitude and longitude data, equation of time, declination of the sun, altitude, and angle of the sun.
مكافحة الفساد: سعي لوقاية الفساد من خلال التعليم
Authors: Lathif Ahmad
Published: March 2017

Corruption is not only related to prosecution of the perpetrators, but more importantly also to the prevention, as it is better to prevent than to treat. To prevent it, it is important to integrate anti-corruption education with lessons at schools. Anti-corruption education is an essential effort to combat corruption. Anti-corruption education should be directed at the providing an understanding of the harm of corruption to the State, society and religion so as to prevent it from recurring in the future. The phenomenon of corruption also originates from education that tends to ignore a mainstream or paradigm to behave honestly both in words and actions. Anti-corruption education should put emphasis on moral values. Morality should become the main preventive measure for combating corruption since it will shape one’s behavior. Anticorruption education in school at least is related to three aspects: first, integrating anti-corruption materials into existing subjects, especially the curriculum of 2013 which states that all subjects containing spiritual and social values should be in line with the anti-corruption materials; second, corruption education should be included in extra-curricular activities in schools or other incidental activities which can also be done by collaborating with parties outside the school; third, the anti-corruption education can also be done through habituation in all school activities such as homework, worship and so forth.
Use of Digital Image Correlation for the Evaluation of Flexural Fatigue Behavior of Asphalt Beams with Geosynthetic Interlayers
Authors: Kumar V Vinay , Saride Sireesh
Published: March 2017

In this study, the flexural fatigue performance of two-layer asphalt beams with and without geosynthetic interlayers was evaluated with a digital image correlation (DIC) technique. A field scenario was simulated by considering an old, destressed pavement as the bottom layer with a compacted bituminous mix as an overlay. An appropriate tack coat and geosynthetic interlayer were at the interface. The digital images were recorded at a specific interval of load cycles during a repeated load four-point bending test. The displacement fields obtained from the digital images were analyzed so that the crack width, crack height, and tensile strains could be obtained and the crack initiation and propagation phenomena studied. The deformation data obtained from the DIC analysis were validated with the vertical deformations measured through linear variable differential transformers. The DIC results correlated very well with the measured data. The DIC data indicated that the tensile strains were as high as 4.75% at the crack tip in the control specimen compared with 1.42% in a polyester grid interlayered specimen at the failure of the corresponding specimens. With the inclusion of interlayers, the fatigue performance of the two-layer asphalt beam specimens improved by about 39, 12, and 1.7 times for Specimens I1, I2, and I3, respectively.