bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long Term Exercise Engagement of Adults Living With Type Two Diabetes Is Enhanced by a Person-Centred Care Approach Delivered by Knowledgeable, Well Trained Health Care Professionals
Authors: Hale Leigh , Higgs Christopher , Keen Donna , Smith Catherine
Published: July 2021

Background: Regular engagement in exercise or physical activity is a key evidence-based recommendation in the self-management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The Diabetes Community Exercise Programme (DCEP) is an exercise and educational programme aimed at supporting adults living with T2D to take control of their health and to live well with T2D. It was specifically developed to enhance the self-efficacy of people to engage in exercise for a long term and is underpinned by the spirit of motivational interviewing. This study explores what DCEP attendees and health care professionals (HCPs) who deliver the programme perceived DCEP to be and what motivated attendance. Such insights further the knowledge of how people with T2D can be supported to engage in exercise or physical activity programmes.

Method: This qualitative study used open-ended interviews of 17 DCEP attendees and 12 HCPs delivering DCEP. Interviews occurred at the completion of the initial twice-a-week, 12-week duration part of the programme and prior to attendees starting with a twice-weekly maintenance exercise class, which forms the second part of the programme. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed with the General Inductive Approach.

Results: The two themes constructed from the analysis were person-centred care and attention to logistics and administration. Person-centred care comprised four subthemes: monitoring, individualised exercise within a sociable group setting, flexible education and discussion, and HCP training, and these components appeared to support attendees to engage in exercise. The second theme spoke about the processes, that was either present or that should be included, that enabled DCEP delivery, such as appropriate venues, flexible approaches to time of day and the requirement of good administrative support.

Conclusion: The Diabetes Community Exercise Programme did motivate people with T2D to engage in exercise. Important to this was the emphasis on a person-centred approach that focussed on the health status monitoring and educational and social aspects of the programme, which in turn facilitated exercise engagement. Knowledgeable HCPs who require training in the delivery of person-centred care to tailor the exercise and education to the individual is imperative. Equally important are optimal exercise environments and well-trained administrative support.
Development of a Methodological Quality Criteria List for Observational Studies: The Observational Study Quality Evaluation
Authors: Drukker Marjan , Weltens Irene , van Hooijdonk Carmen F. M. , Vandenberk Emma , Bak Maarten
Published: July 2021

Background: Existing study quality and risk of bias lists for observational studies have important disadvantages. For this reason, a comprehensive widely applicable quality assessment tool for observational studies was developed.

Methods: Criteria from three quality lists were merged into a new quality assessment tool: the observational study quality evaluation (OSQE). OSQE consists of a cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional version.

Results: The OSQE cohort, the OSQE case–control, and the OSQE cross-sectional version include all items applicable to that type of study, for example, the representativeness of the study population, the validity of the independent and dependent variables, and the statistical methods used. Before scoring the OSQE, the rater is asked to define how to score items, in detail. A study can obtain a star for each item. Each item also has a veto cell. This cell can be checked when poor quality with respect to that specific item results in a low quality of the study despite stars on other items. Although stars add to a sum score, the comment field is the most important part of the OSQE.

Conclusion: The OSQE presented in the current article provides a short, comprehensive, and widely applicable list to assess study quality and therewith risk of bias.
Bounded Cost Path Planning for Underwater Vehicles Assisted by a Time-Invariant Partitioned Flow Field Model
Authors: Hou Mengxue , Cho Sungjin , Zhou Haomin , Edwards Catherine R. , Zhang Fumin
Published: July 2021

A bounded cost path planning method is developed for underwater vehicles assisted by a data-driven flow modeling method. The modeled flow field is partitioned as a set of cells of piece-wise constant flow speed. A flow partition algorithm and a parameter estimation algorithm are proposed to learn the flow field structure and parameters with justified convergence. A bounded cost path planning algorithm is developed taking advantage of the partitioned flow model. An extended potential search method is proposed to determine the sequence of partitions that the optimal path crosses. The optimal path within each partition is then determined by solving a constrained optimization problem. Theoretical justification is provided for the proposed extended potential search method generating the optimal solution. The path planned has the highest probability to satisfy the bounded cost constraint. The performance of the algorithms is demonstrated with experimental and simulation results, which show that the proposed method is more computationally efficient than some of the existing methods.
WoZ4U: An Open-Source Wizard-of-Oz Interface for Easy, Efficient and Robust HRI Experiments
Authors: Rietz Finn , Sutherland Alexander , Bensch Suna , Wermter Stefan , Hellström Thomas
Published: July 2021

Wizard-of-Oz experiments play a vital role in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), as they allow for quick and simple hypothesis testing. Still, a publicly available general tool to conduct such experiments is currently not available in the research community, and researchers often develop and implement their own tools, customized for each individual experiment. Besides being inefficient in terms of programming efforts, this also makes it harder for non-technical researchers to conduct Wizard-of-Oz experiments. In this paper, we present a general and easy-to-use tool for the Pepper robot, one of the most commonly used robots in this context. While we provide the concrete interface for Pepper robots only, the system architecture is independent of the type of robot and can be adapted for other robots. A configuration file, which saves experiment-specific parameters, enables a quick setup for reproducible and repeatable Wizard-of-Oz experiments. A central server provides a graphical interface via a browser while handling the mapping of user input to actions on the robot. In our interface, keyboard shortcuts may be assigned to phrases, gestures, and composite behaviors to simplify and speed up control of the robot. The interface is lightweight and independent of the operating system. Our initial tests confirm that the system is functional, flexible, and easy to use. The interface, including source code, is made commonly available, and we hope that it will be useful for researchers with any background who want to conduct HRI experiments.
Efficacy of Experimental Mouth Rinses on Caries-Related Biofilms in vitro
Authors: Steiger Josiana , Braissant Olivier , Waltimo Tuomas , Astasov-Frauenhoffer Monika
Published: July 2021

This study assessed the efficacy of tin and Polyethylenglycol (PEG-3) tallow aminopropylamine in different concentrations on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms to establish a new screening process for different antimicrobial agents and to gain more information on the antibacterial effects of these agents on cariogenic biofilms. Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) was used to determine differences in two growth parameters: lag time and growth rate; additionally, reduction in active biofilms was calculated. Experimental mouth rinses with 400 and 800 ppm tin derived from stannous fluoride (SnF2) revealed results (43.4 and 49.9% active biofilm reduction, respectively) similar to meridol mouth rinse (400 ppm tin combined with 1,567 ppm PEG-3 tallow aminopropylamine; 55.3% active biofilm reduction) (p > 0.05), while no growth of S. mutans biofilms was detected during 72 h for samples treated with an experimental rinse containing 1,600 ppm tin (100% active biofilm reduction). Only the highest concentration (12,536 ppm) of rinses containing PEG-3 tallow aminopropylamine derived from amine fluoride (AmF) revealed comparable results to meridol (57.5% reduction in active biofilm). Lower concentrations of PEG-3 tallow aminopropylamine showed reductions of 16.9% for 3,134 ppm and 33.5% for 6,268 ppm. Maximum growth rate was significantly lower for all the samples containing SnF2 than for the samples containing control biofilms (p < 0.05); no differences were found between the control and all the PEG-3 tallow aminopropylamine (p > 0.05). The growth parameters showed high reproducibility rates within the treated groups of biofilms and for the controls; thus, the screening method provided reliable results.
Psicoanálisis y neurociencia
Authors: Cordech Joan
Published: July 2021

Los grandes avances de la neurociencia han promovido en amplios sectores de la sociedad la idea de que los conocimientos del funcionamiento del cerebro han desacreditado y hecho inútiles muchos conceptos y teorías psicológicas y, entre ellas, el psicoanálisis. Esta idea se ha extendido, también, en determinados grupos dentro de la psiquiatría y de la psicología de los que cabría esperar una mejor información. En este trabajo se muestra que, paradójicamente, la realidad es todo lo contrario. Los orígenes históricos de la neurociencia se hallan estrechamente ligados al psicoanálisis a través de la figura de Luria, quien fundo la sociedad psicoanalítica de Kazan, perteneció a la sociedad psicoanalítica de Rusia y publicó numerosos trabajos psicoanalíticos en revistas alemanas de la especialidad. En este trabajo se exponen diversos puntos de encuentro entre la teoría psicoanalítica y los descubrimientos de la neurociencia, y también se pone de relieve que varios de estos últimos confirman hipótesis y conceptos psicoanalíticos.
Algunas aportaciones del psicoanálisis a la concepción teórica y a la práctica de la medicina
Authors: Daurella Neri
Published: July 2021

Desde el principio de la historia de la medicina, encontramos dos corrientes en lo que se refiere a la concepción de la enfermedad y de la práctica médica: una de ellas biologista, linear y unicausal, la otra más compleja basada en el concepto de homeostasis y armonía de cuerpo y mente con el entorno. El Psicoanálisis sigue este Segundo paradigma, y ofrece explicaciones teóricas sobre la enfermedad y la función terapéutica. El autor sintetiza los hallazgos de las escuelas psicosomáticas de corte psicoanalítico, particularmente las de Chicago y Paris, así como la de Balint y su método de grupos para médicos que no han recibido entrenamiento en los aspectos psicosociales en sus estudios de Medicina.
Vicisitudes en la vinculacion entre padres e hijos en adopcion internacional
Authors: Grau Quintana Esther , Mora Valls Rosa
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo aborda las dificultades de vinculación que presentan muchos niños adoptados internacionalmente, fruto de sus experiencias previas a la adopción, y los recursos personales que los futuros padres deben poner en marcha para repararlas, todo ello desde una perspectiva psicodinámica.
Psicodiagnóstico y psicoanálisis punto de encuentro
Authors: Royo Esqués Rosa María
Published: July 2021

Se considera la relación entre Psicodiagnóstico y Psicoanálisis, su necesidad y beneficios mutuos. El Psicodiagnóstico ha obtenido un marco teórico referencial que se adapta, mejor que el modelo médico-psiquiátrico, a las necesidades del diagnóstico psicológico. El Psicoanálisis, por su lado, se ha beneficiado de una forma de diagnosticar que tiene en cuenta otros parámetros además de los psicopatológicos, –funcionamiento intrapsíquico, mundo emocional y relacional. Posibilidades de establecer o desarrollar un vínculo terapéutico. Aspectos de salud y capacidad de evolución,...– Del encuentro surgen y/o se perfeccionan los Métodos Proyectivos. Psicoanálisis y Psicodiagnóstico junto con el uso de las Métodos Proyectivos ha favorecido la consolidación de la identidad profesional del psicólogo y ampliado sus campos de intervención.
Freud, la kábala y el pensamiento judío contemporáneo.
Authors: Notó Pere
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo trata de mostrar, en el 150 aniversario de su nacimiento, que Freud es un pensador de enorme relevancia para el siglo XXI pero al que no hay que dejar de calificar de judío en todos los sentidos culturales del término; así como su influencia en el pensamiento actual y más concretamente en el pensamiento judío contemporáneo que, junto a otros, lidera la filosofía actual, especialmente a través de Jacques Derrida.
El fin de la ilusión de Pinel y la nueva psico(pato)logía
Authors: Fernández Liria Alberto , Rodríguez Vega Beatriz
Published: July 2021

Este artículo revisa el modo en el que el concepto de enfermedad mental propuesto por Philippe Pinel a comienzos del XIX ha permanecido presente en la historia de la Psiquiatría y propone frente a ella una concepción constructivista de los trastornos mentales que fundamenta la naturaleza narrativa de los mismos. Desde esa perspectiva se exploran posibles explicaciones de los trastornos y las posibles formas de actuar sobre ellos, en el desarrollo filogenético de la especie humana, y en desarrollo ontogenético haciendo hincapié en sus aspectos relacionales.
Psicopatología y psicoterapia del desarrollo moral
Authors: Villegas Besora Manuel
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se considera la adquisición de la autonomía psicológica como la meta del desarrollo moral. Este pasa por distintas fases desde el nacimiento hasta la vida adulta, que se pueden describir en base al grado de aproximación a la autonomía (desde la prenomía, la anomía, la heteronimia y la socionomía hasta a la autonomía). Los fracasos o conflictos en su consecución repercuten en distintos trastornos psicológicos de acuerdo con cada uno de los estadios o niveles de construcción moral puestos en juego. A su vez la psicoterapia se concibe como un camino orientado a la promoción de la autonomía como forma de superar dichos conflictos.
El díálogo abierto como procedimiento de trabajo en la psicosis aguda: su “poética” y “micropolítica”
Authors: Seikkula Jaakko , Olson Mary E.
Published: July 2021

En los últimos años se ha venido desarrollando en Finlandia un procedimiento que utiliza la red social denominado “Diálogo Abierto”. Se trata de un procedimiento psiquiátrico basado en el lenguaje, derivándose de los principios dialógicos de Bakhtin (1984) que continúa la tradición de Bateson. Se ofrecen dos niveles de análisis, el poético y el micropolítico. El poético incluye tres principios: “tolerancia de la incertidumbre”, “dialógico” y “polifonía de la red social”. En la sesión de tratamiento se muestra cómo funcionan estos principios poéticos para generar el diálogo terapéutico. El análisis micropolítico se refiere a los procedimientos de la institución que apoyan nuestra forma de trabajo y que son una parte del Tratamiento Adaptado-a-la-Necesidad finlandés. La investigación reciente muestra que el Diálogo Abierto mejora los resultados de los tratamientos usuales en jóvenes afectados por diferentes tipos de crisis psiquiátricas, como psicosis. En un seguimiento a dos años realizado a una muestra no-aleatoria de psicóticos con un solo episodio, se encontró que reducía la estancia hospitalaria a 19 días; se necesitó medicación neuroléptica en el 35% de los casos, en el 85% o no se necesitó o se utilizaron dosis bajas o no remitían los síntomas. Sólo el 23% necesitó de pensiones asistenciales.
La semántica de la obesidad: una contribución empírica
Authors: Castiglioni Marco , Contino Laura
Published: July 2021

En esta investigación se revisa la tesis de Valeria Ugazio relativa a la semántica del poder como dimensión destacada de la obesidad, tanto en términos puramente cuantitativos de frecuencia de las categorías vinculadas a esta semántica, como en términos cualitativos de importancia, que se pone de manifiesto en los índices de jerarquización y de intensidad.
Análisis de los factores psicológicos moduladores del dolor crónico benigno
Authors: Moix Queraltó Jenny
Published: July 2021

Cada día son más abundantes los estudios que muestran que los factores psicológicos juegan un papel clave en el proceso del dolor. Desde el campo del dolor se ha importado el modelo de estrés de Lazarus para el estudio de estos factores psicológicos. Esta teoría sugiere que el estrés que sufre un sujeto ante un evento potencialmente amenazante se debe a cómo lo evalúa y a cómo lo afronta. Traduciendo este modelo a la experiencia del dolor: el estímulo doloroso provocará más o menos discapacidad según cómo sea evaluado y afrontado. En el presente trabajo, realizamos una revisión de los trabajos más actuales en el campo del dolor articulándolos dentro del modelo de Lazarus. En una segunda parte del artículo, describimos las técnicas interdisciplinares que se emplean en el tratamiento del dolor crónico. Por último, animamos a que el modelo de Lazarus se emplee como guía para el diseño de futuras terapias.
Calidad de vida y valoración del dolor: ¿depende la calidad de vida del tipo de dolor?
Authors: Soriano J. , Monsalve V. , Gómez-Carretero P.
Published: July 2021

En las últimas décadas el concepto de calidad de vida ( calidad de vida) ha sido cada vez más utilizado como control del efecto de la enfermedad en las personas y del beneficio percibido de los tratamientos. En el ámbito del dolor crónico, se ha planteado la existencia de diferentes perfiles de calidad de vida, sin embargo, no existe en la literatura estudios que planteen cuál es la importancia de la valoración en este proceso. En este estudio se pretende comprobar si la distinción entre el tipo de dolor (dolor somático vs. dolor neuropático) es suficiente criterio a la hora de diferenciar la calidad de vida del enfermo, y cual es el papel de la valoración como proceso mediador entre el síntoma y la afectación en la misma. Se estudió una muestra de 138 pacientes seleccionada aleatoriamente de la Unidad Multidisciplinar para el Tratamiento del Dolor. La muestra contestó a un conjunto de preguntas referidas a la forma que tenía el enfermo de valorar el dolor que padece, así como al cuestionario I calidad de vida de calidad de vida en su segunda versión reducida (I calidad de vida-2R). Se analizaron las diferencias en la calidad de vida entre pacientes con dolor somático y pacientes con dolor neuropático y la importancia de la valoración en estas diferencias. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la calidad de vida está relacionada ampliamente con la valoración que realiza el individuo de su situación, en este caso del dolor que padece.
La hipnosis en el tratamiento del dolor crónico
Authors: Muñoz i Cano Damaris , Feixas i Viaplana Guillem
Published: July 2021

Durante mucho tiempo la hipnosis ha sido asociada con áreas de conocimiento que parecen considerarse de poca validez científica. Afortunadamente, en los últimos años, el uso de la hipnosis como técnica de intervención en el área de la salud ha demostrado su eficacia. En el campo donde se han realizado mayor número de estudios y donde se ha obtenido mayor éxito ha sido en el tratamiento del dolor crónico. Aun así, deben superarse algunos obstáculos como su uso muy limitado en la sanidad pública y su escasa presencia en la investigación y la formación universitaria. El presente trabajo pretende realizar una breve revisión teórica sobre la situación actual de la hipnosis en el tratamiento del dolor crónico y apostar por su integración dentro de un tratamiento multidisciplinar.
Convergencia de la psicoterapia y la psicofarmacología: el uso de programas para la administración conductual de la medicación
Authors: Muse Mark
Published: July 2021

La incursión de los psicólogos en el área de la psicofarmacología y la autorización prescriptiva se ha observado como un peligro para la contribución tradicional del psicólogo en el diagnóstico de las condiciones emocionales/mentales y su respectivo tratamiento a través de la psicoterapia. Se podría argumentar, aún así, que los psicólogos están en la posición de prescribir medicamentos desde una posición estratégica única, utilizando sus habilidades diagnósticas y psicoterapéuticas para mejorar la integración de la medicación dentro del total de servicios clínicos ofrecidos al paciente. Hay ejemplos destacados de la utilización de medicación psicoactiva como complemento a la recuperación total del paciente, dentro del tratamiento de las disfunciones sexuales, condiciones ansiosas, trastornos depresivos y síndromes de dolor crónico. Estos casos ilustran los beneficios de la prescripción de medicación psicoactiva de acuerdo con los requisitos comportamentales en cada caso.
Gestión de recursos: comentarios sobre farmacología y psicoterapia
Authors: Norcross J. C.
Published: July 2021

En este artículo el Dr. Norcross subraya las ventajas derivadas de la combinación de tratamientos farmacológicos y psicológicos para hacer frente a los problemas de salud mental. Desarrolla también la tesis de que los psicólogos tienen competencias para recibir la autorización prescriptiva como otros profesionales que ya lo hacen, integrando el tratamiento farmacológico con el psicológico.
Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ready-to-Eat Street Foods
Authors: Giri Shobha , Kudva Vaishnavi , Shetty Kalidas , Shetty Veena
Published: July 2021

As the global urban populations increase with rapid migration from rural areas, ready-to-eat (RTE) street foods are posing food safety challenges where street foods are prepared with less structured food safety guidelines in small and roadside outlets. The increased presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in street foods is a significant risk for human health because of its epidemiological significance. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have become important and dangerous foodborne pathogens globally for their relevance to antibiotic resistance. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential burden of antibiotic-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae contaminating RTE street foods and to assess the microbiological quality of foods in a typical emerging and growing urban suburb of India where RTE street foods are rapidly establishing with public health implications. A total of 100 RTE food samples were collected of which, 22.88% were E. coli and 27.12% K. pneumoniae. The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae was 25.42%, isolated mostly from chutneys, salads, paani puri, and chicken. Antimicrobial resistance was observed towards cefepime (72.9%), imipenem (55.9%), cefotaxime (52.5%), and meropenem (16.9%) with 86.44% of the isolates with MAR index above 0.22. Among β-lactamase encoding genes, blaTEM (40.68%) was the most prevalent followed by blaCTX (32.20%) and blaSHV (10.17%). blaNDM gene was detected in 20.34% of the isolates. This study indicated that contaminated RTE street foods present health risks to consumers and there is a high potential of transferring multi-drug-resistant bacteria from foods to humans and from person to person as pathogens or as commensal residents of the human gut leading to challenges for subsequent therapeutic treatments.
MicroCT as a Useful Tool for Analysing the 3D Structure of Lichens and Quantifying Internal Cephalodia in Lobaria pulmonaria
Authors: Gerasimova Julia , Ruthensteiner Bernhard , Beck Andreas
Published: July 2021

High-resolution X-ray computer tomography (microCT) is a well-established technique to analyse three-dimensional microstructures in 3D non-destructive imaging. The non-destructive three-dimensional analysis of lichens is interesting for many reasons. The examination of hidden structural characteristics can, e.g., provide information on internal structural features (form and distribution of fungal-supporting tissue/hypha), gas-filled spaces within the thallus (important for gas exchange and, thus, physiological processes), or yield information on the symbiont composition within the lichen, e.g., the localisation and amount of additional cyanobacteria in cephalodia. Here, we present the possibilities and current limitations for applying conventional laboratory-based high-resolution X-ray computer tomography to analyse lichens. MicroCT allows the virtual 3D reconstruction of a sample from 2D X-ray projections and is helpful for the non-destructive analysis of structural characters or the symbiont composition of lichens. By means of a quantitative 3D image analysis, the volume of internal cephalodia is determined for Lobaria pulmonaria and the external cephalodia of Peltigera leucophlebia. Nevertheless, the need for higher-resolution tomography for more detailed studies is emphasised. Particular challenges are the large sizes of datasets to be analysed and the high variability of the lichen microstructures.
The Global Cyber Security Model: Counteracting Cyber Attacks through a Resilient Partnership Arrangement
Authors: Trim Peter R.J. , Lee Yang-Im
Published: July 2021

In this paper, insights are provided into how senior managers can establish a global cyber security model that raises cyber security awareness among staff in a partnership arrangement and ensures that cyber attacks are anticipated and dealt with in real time. We deployed a qualitative research strategy that involved a group interview involving cyber security and intelligence experts. The coding approach was used to identify the themes in the data and, in addition, a number of categories and subcategories were identified. The mind map approach was utilized to identify the thought processes of senior managers in relation to ensuring that the cyber security management process is effective. The global cyber security model can be used by senior managers to establish a framework for dealing with a range of cyber security attacks, as well as to upgrade the cyber security skill and knowledge base of individuals. In order for a cyber security mentality to be established, senior managers need to ensure that staff are focused on organizational vulnerability and resilience, there is an open and transparent communication process in place, and staff are committed to sharing cyber security knowledge. By placing cyber security within the context of a partnership arrangement, senior managers can adopt a collectivist approach to cyber security and benefit from the knowledge of external experts.
Finite Element Analysis of the Microwave Ablation Method for Enhanced Lung Cancer Treatment
Authors: Radmilović-Radjenović Marija , Sabo Martin , Prnova Marta , Šoltes Lukaš , Radjenović Branislav
Published: July 2021

Knowledge of the frequency dependence of the dielectric properties of the lung tissues and temperature profiles are essential characteristics associated with the effective performance of microwave ablation. In microwave ablation, the electromagnetic wave propagates into the biological tissue, resulting in energy absorption and providing the destruction of cancer cells without damaging the healthy tissue. As a consequence of the respiratory movement of the lungs, however, the accurate prediction of the microwave ablation zone has become an exceptionally demanding task. For that purpose, numerical modeling remains a primordial tool for carrying out a parametric study, evaluating the importance of the inherent phenomena, and leading to better optimization of the medical procedure. This paper reports on simulation studies on the effect of the breathing process on power dissipation, temperature distribution, the fraction of damage, and the specific absorption rate during microwave ablation. The simulation results obtained from the relative permittivity and conductivity for inflated and deflated lungs are compared with those obtained regardless of respiration. It is shown that differences in the dielectric properties of inflated and deflated lungs significantly affect the time evolution of the temperature and its maximum value, the time, the fraction of damage, and the specific absorption rate. The fraction of damage determined from the degree of tissue injury reveals that the microwave ablation zone is significantly larger under dynamic physical parameters. At the end of expiration, the ablation lesion area is more concentrated around the tip and slot of the antenna, and the backward heating effect is smaller. The diffuse increase in temperature should reach a certain level to destroy cancer cells without damaging the surrounding tissue. The obtained results can be used as a guideline for determining the optimal conditions to improve the overall success of microwave ablation.
Endoscopy to Diagnose and Prevent Digestive Cancers in Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Olivier Raphael , Randrian Violaine , Tougeron David , Saurin Jean-Christophe
Published: July 2021

Lynch syndrome patients could benefit from various recommendations to prevent digestive cancers. In this review, we summarize the criteria to identify Lynch syndrome in patients with digestive cancers. We detail endoscopic screening procedures in patients with Lynch syndrome for gastric, small bowel, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. We review the precise modalities of endoscopic follow-up, particularly the discrepancies that exist between the guidelines of the various scientific societies. We discuss the treatment of colorectal cancers in Lynch syndrome cases and patient adherence to endoscopic follow-up programs.
Cultural and Ethical Barriers to Cancer Treatment in Nursing Homes and Educational Strategies: A Scoping Review
Authors: Filteau Cynthia , Simeone Arnaud , Ravot Christine , Dayde David , Falandry Claire
Published: July 2021

(1) Background: The aging of the population, the increase in the incidence of cancer with age, and effective chronic oncological treatments all lead to an increased prevalence of cancer in nursing homes. The aim of the present study was to map the cultural and ethical barriers associated with the treatment of cancer and educational strategies in this setting. (2) Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted until April 2021 in MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL. All articles assessing continuum of care, paramedical education, and continuing education in the context of older cancer patients in nursing homes were reviewed. (3) Results: A total of 666 articles were analyzed, of which 65 studies were included. Many factors interfering with the decision to investigate and treat, leading to late- or unstaged disease, palliative-oriented care instead of curative, and a higher risk of unjustified transfers to acute care settings, were identified. The educational strategies explored in this context were generally based on training programs. (4) Conclusions: These results will allow the co-construction of educational tools intended to develop knowledge and skills to improve diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making, the consistency of care, and, ultimately, the quality of life of older cancer patients in nursing homes.
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Implications for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Maia Ana , Wiemann Stefan
Published: July 2021

Tumour cells do not exist as an isolated entity. Instead, they are surrounded by and closely interact with cells of the environment they are emerged in. The tumour microenvironment (TME) is not static and several factors, including cancer cells and therapies, have been described to modulate several of its components. Fibroblasts are key elements of the TME with the capacity to influence tumour progression, invasion and response to therapy, which makes them attractive targets in cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on fibroblasts and their numerous roles in the TME with a special attention to recent findings describing their heterogeneity and role in therapy response. Furthermore, we explore how different therapies can impact these cells and their communication with cancer cells. Finally, we highlight potential strategies targeting this cell type that can be employed for improving patient outcome.
Tetranucleotide and Low Microsatellite Instability Are Inversely Associated with the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Meessen Sabine , Currey Nicola , Jahan Zeenat , Parker Hannah W. , Jenkins Mark A. , Buchanan Daniel D. , Hopper John L. , Segelov Eva , Dahlstrom Jane E. , Kohonen-Corish Maija R. J.
Published: July 2021

MSH3 gene or protein deficiency or loss-of-function in colorectal cancer can cause a DNA mismatch repair defect known as “elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats” (EMAST). A high percentage of MSI-H tumors exhibit EMAST, while MSI-L is also linked with EMAST. However, the distribution of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) within the EMAST spectrum is not known. Five tetranucleotide repeat and five MSI markers were used to classify 100 sporadic colorectal tumours for EMAST, MSI-H and MSI-L according to the number of unstable markers detected. Promoter methylation was determined using methylation-specific PCR for MSH3, MCC, CDKN2A (p16) and five CIMP marker genes. EMAST was found in 55% of sporadic colorectal carcinomas. Carcinomas with only one positive marker (EMAST-1/5, 26%) were associated with advanced tumour stage, increased lymph node metastasis, MSI-L and lack of CIMP-H. EMAST-2/5 (16%) carcinomas displayed some methylation but MSI was rare. Carcinomas with ≥3 positive EMAST markers (13%) were more likely to have a proximal colon location and be MSI-H and CIMP-H. Our study suggests that EMAST/MSI-L is a valuable prognostic and predictive marker for colorectal carcinomas that do not display the high methylation phenotype CIMP-H.
Comparison of Support Effects on Phillips and Metallocene Catalysts
Authors: Yang Qing , McDaniel Max Paul
Published: July 2021

Both metallocene and Phillips chromium catalysts are used in the commercial manufacture of polyethylene. Unlike most other commercial metallocene systems, the Chevron Phillips Chemical (CPC) platform does not use methylaluminoxane or fluoroorganic boranes. Instead, the support itself serves to activate (ionize) the metallocenes, which then polymerize ethylene at high activity. Most of these solid acid supports can also be used to anchor Cr to make a Phillips catalyst. This provides an interesting opportunity to compare the polymerization responses by these two disparate systems, Phillips Cr and CPC metallocene, when supported on the same solid acid carriers. In this study, both chromium oxide and several metallocenes were deposited onto a variety of solid oxides, under a variety of conditions, and the resulting support effects were observed and compared. Although using seemingly different chemistries, the two catalyst systems exhibited a surprising number of similarities, which can be attributed to the acidity and porosity of these diverse supports.
Influence of Different Fiber Dosages on the Behaviour of Façade Anchors in High-Performance Concrete
Authors: Grzesiak Szymon , Pahn Matthias , Schultz-Cornelius Milan , Bies Nora Susanne
Published: July 2021

The behaviour of façade anchors in high performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC) has not been investigated in sufficient detail in recent years. The regulations in the European Technical Approvals also do not fully describe the load-bearing capacity of anchor systems. Due to the increase in the production of HPFRC elements, it is necessary to analyse the impact of added fibers in the concrete composition on the behaviour of anchors. In particular, the behaviour of anchors in filigree façade elements, which is one of the main application areas of the programme of polypropylene (PP) fiber-reinforced concrete, is therefore analysed. With a sufficient content of PP fibers surrounding the steel anchors oriented in an optimal direction, the fibers may enhance both the load-bearing capacity of anchors and the ductility of concrete. However, unfavourable effects on the installation process or even on the load-bearing capacity may also occur due to unfavourable fiber orientation. Therefore, tensile and punching tests were carried out in uncracked concrete with different types of anchor systems containing a tension anchor and an adjustable spacer bolt. The PP fiber content of the concrete component varied during the tests.
Is Causality a Necessary Tool for Understanding Our Universe, or Is It a Part of the Problem?
Authors: Tamm Martin
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the concept of causality in physics is discussed. Causality is a necessary tool for the understanding of almost all physical phenomena. However, taking it as a fundamental principle may lead us to wrong conclusions, particularly in cosmology. Here, three very well-known problems—the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox, the accelerating expansion and the asymmetry of time—are discussed from this perspective. In particular, the implications of causality are compared to those of an alternative approach, where we instead take the probability space of all possible developments as the starting point.
Multilevel Laser Induced Continuum Structure
Authors: Zlatanov Kaloyan , Vitanov Nikolay
Published: July 2021

Laser-induced-continuum-structure (LICS) allows for coherent control techniques to be applied in a Raman type system with an intermediate continuum state. The standard LICS problem involves two bound states coupled to one or more continua. In this paper, we discuss the simplest non-trivial multistate generalization of LICS which couples two bound levels, each composed of two degenerate states through a common continuum state. We reduce the complexity of the system by switching to a rotated basis of the bound states, in which different sub-systems of lower dimension evolve independently. We derive the trapping condition and explore the dynamics of the sub-systems under different initial conditions.
The Renewed Role of Sweep Functions in Noisy Shortcuts to Adiabaticity
Authors: Delvecchio Michele , Petiziol Francesco , Wimberger Sandro
Published: July 2021

We study the robustness of different sweep protocols for accelerated adiabaticity following in the presence of static errors and of dissipative and dephasing phenomena. While in the noise-free case, counterdiabatic driving is, by definition, insensitive to the form of the original sweep function, this property may be lost when the quantum system is open. We indeed observe that, according to the decay and dephasing channels investigated here, the performance of the system becomes highly dependent on the sweep function. Our findings are relevant for the experimental implementation of robust shortcuts-to-adiabaticity techniques for the control of quantum systems.
Future Material Developments for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells Answering Growing Demands from an End-User Perspective
Authors: Tidblad Annika Ahlberg , Edström Kristina , Hernández Guiomar , de Meatza Iratxe , Landa-Medrano Imanol , Jacas Biendicho Jordi , Trilla Lluís , Buysse Maarten , Ierides Marcos , Horno Beatriz Perez , Kotak Yash , Schweiger Hans-Georg , Koch Daniel , Kotak Bhavya Satishbhai
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, batteries for electric vehicles are expected to have a high energy density, allow fast charging and maintain long cycle life, while providing affordable traction, and complying with stringent safety and environmental standards. Extensive research on novel materials at cell level is hence needed for the continuous improvement of the batteries coupled towards achieving these requirements. This article firstly delves into future developments in electric vehicles from a technology perspective, and the perspective of changing end-user demands. After these end-user needs are defined, their translation into future battery requirements is described. A detailed review of expected material developments follows, to address these dynamic and changing needs. Developments on anodes, cathodes, electrolyte and cell level will be discussed. Finally, a special section will discuss the safety aspects with these increasing end-user demands and how to overcome these issues.
The Use of Deep Learning Methods in Diagnosing Rotating Machines Operating in Variable Conditions
Authors: Pawlik Paweł , Kania Konrad , Przysucha Bartosz
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the use of artificial neural networks in diagnosing the technical condition of drive systems operating under variable conditions. The effects of temperature and load variations on the values of diagnostic parameters were considered. An experiment was conducted on a testing rig where a variable load was introduced corresponding to the load of the main gearbox of the bucket wheel excavator. The signals of vibration acceleration on the gearbox body, rotational speed, and current consumption of the drive motor for different values of oil temperature were measured. Synchronous analysis was performed, and the values of order amplitudes and the corresponding values of current, speed, and temperature were determined. Such datasets were the learning vectors for a set of artificial deep learning neural networks. A new approach proposed in this paper is to train the network using a learning set consisting only of data from the efficient system. The responses of the trained neural networks to new data from the undamaged system were performed against the response to data recorded for three damage states: misalignment, unbalance, and simultaneous misalignment and unbalance. As a result, a diagnostic parameter as a normalized measure of the deviation of the network results was developed for the faulted system from the result for the undamaged condition.
Flyback Photovoltaic Micro-Inverter with a Low Cost and Simple Digital-Analog Control Scheme
Authors: Yaqoob Salam J. , Obed Adel , Zubo Rana , Al-Yasir Yasir I. A. , Fadhel Hussein , Mokryani Geev , Abd-Alhameed Raed A.
Published: July 2021

The single-stage flyback Photovoltaic (PV) micro-inverter is considered as a simple and small in size topology but requires expensive digital microcontrollers such as Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to increase the system efficiency, this would increase the cost of the overall system. To solve this problem, based on a single-stage flyback structure, this paper proposed a low cost and simple analog-digital control scheme. This control scheme is implemented using a low cost ATMega microcontroller built in the Arduino Uno board and some analog operational amplifiers. First, the single-stage flyback topology is analyzed theoretically and then the design consideration is obtained. Second, a 120 W prototype was developed in the laboratory to validate the proposed control. To prove the effectiveness of this control, we compared the cost price, overall system efficiency, and THD values of the proposed results with the results obtained by the literature. So, a low system component, single power stage, cheap control scheme, and decent efficiency are achieved by the proposed system. Finally, the experimental results present that the proposed system has a maximum efficiency of 91%, with good values of the total harmonic distortion (THD) compared to the results of other authors.
A Multidisciplinary Review of Recycling Methods for End-of-Life Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Paulsen Ebbe Bagge , Enevoldsen Peter
Published: July 2021

Wind energy has seen an increase of almost 500 GW of installed wind power over the past decade. Renewable energy technologies have, over the years, been striving to develop in relation to capacity and size and, simultaneously, though with less focus on, the consequences and challenges that arise when the products achieve end-of-life (EoL). The lack of knowledge and possibilities for the recycling of fiber composites and, thus, the handling of EoL wind turbine blades (WTBs) has created great environmental frustrations. At present, the frustrations surrounding the handling are based on the fact that the most commonly used disposal method is via landfills. No recycling or energy/material recovery is achieved here, making it the least advantageous solution seen from the European Waste Commission’s perspective. The purpose of this research was thus to investigate the current recycling methods and to categorize them based on the waste materials. The opportunities were compared based on processing capacity, price, environment and technology readiness level (TRL), which concluded that recycling through co-processing in the cement industry is the only economical option at present that, at the same time, has the capabilities to handle large amounts of waste materials.
Identification of miR397a and Its Functional Characterization in Callus Growth and Development by Regulating Its Target in Liriodendron
Authors: Wang Dan , Lu Fengjuan , Lu Ye , Cheng Tielong , Shi Jisen , Chen Jinhui , Hao Zhaodong
Published: July 2021

Callus growth and development, a crucial process in plant propagation, is involved in hormonal balance and abundant gene regulation. MiRNAs are key regulators in the process of cell differentiation and development. MiR397 was identified as participating in plant growth, development, and response to stress, and it was regulated by targeting the LAC gene. The regulatory function of miR397 during callus growth and development was not clear in Liriodendron. In this study, LhmiR397a and its targets were identified, and its regulatory function between LhmiR397a and LhLAC11 was shown using qRT-PCR and transient expression in protoplasts. Furthermore, to clarify the regulatory function of LhmiR397a-LhLAC11, transgenic calli overexpressing LhMIR397a, LhLAC11, and mLhLAC11 were separately obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transfer. The results showed that overexpressing LhMIR397a might retard callus proliferation, while overexpressing LhLAC11 or mLhLAC11 could promote callus proliferation. Genes associated with the cell cycle had decreased expression when LhMIR397a was overexpressed, while increased expression was observed when LhLAC11 or mLhLAC11 was overexpressed. Additionally, the calli overexpressed with LhMIR397a could generate early cotyledons 21 days after induction, and the somatic embryo induction time was short compared with other genotypes. This study identified LhmiR397a and its targets and provided a functional characterization of LhmiR397a in callus growth and development by regulating its target in Liriodendron.
The Tentacular Spectacular: Evolution of Regeneration in Sea Anemones
Authors: van der Burg Chloé A. , Prentis Peter J.
Published: July 2021

Sea anemones vary immensely in life history strategies, environmental niches and their ability to regenerate. While the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis is the starlet of many key regeneration studies, recent work is emerging on the diverse regeneration strategies employed by other sea anemones. This manuscript will explore current molecular mechanisms of regeneration employed by non-model sea anemones Exaiptasia diaphana (an emerging model species for coral symbiosis studies) and Calliactis polypus (a less well-studied species) and examine how these species compare to the model sea anemone N. vectensis. We summarize the field of regeneration within sea anemones, within the greater context of phylum Cnidaria and in other invertebrate models of regeneration. We also address the current knowledge on two key systems that may be implemented in regeneration: the innate immune system and developmental pathways, including future aspects of work and current limitations.