bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hole boring technology improvement of the freight car wheel hub
Authors: Belan D.Yu. , Averkov K.V. , Makashin D.S.
Published: December 2023

The technological process of machining the wheel hub hole of a freight car is considered. Unreliable wheel and axle fit is one of the main reasons of rolling stock derailment. The reliability of the fit depends on several factors: interference, quality of the mating surfaces, the mechanical properties of the material. The roughness of the hole surface plays a very important role. In many ways, it determines the compressing force and fatigue strength, the roughness value should be within certain limits, which are strictly regulated by Russian National Standard GOST 4835-2013. The article describes in detail the requirements imposed in Russia and abroad to the amount of roughness of the mating surfaces provided by machining. The analysis of the chemical composition and mechanical properties of wheel steels of grades 1, 2, T and L. The article also discusses the technological process and equipment for boring holes in the wheel hub. The foreign experience of using boring technologies is analyzed. The arrangement of the cutting plates in the design of the boring head applied for boring the hub hole is considered. The application of round and prismatic carbide plates used in tools is also considered. The types of metal-cutting machines used are indicated. The main emphasis in the article is on ensuring the required roughness of Russian National Standard GOST 4835-2013 due to cutting modes that are optimal from the point of view of ensuring surface quality. Based on the production data and recommended in the reference literature on feed, speed and depth of cutting values, a full factorial experiment was carried out to determine the effect of each cutting mode on the roughness parameter. As a result of the analysis, diagrams of roughness changes were plotted and intervals of feed values, speed and cutting depth were established, ensuring minimal roughness of the machined surface. It was also found that the feed rate has the strongest effect on the surface roughness. The results obtained can be used when performing the operation of boring the hub hole at the enterprises of the railway industry.
Process Approach in Determining the Accounting Model and Quality Cost Analysis
Authors: Antipov D.V. , Gubanova O.G.
Published: December 2023

Every year the requirements of consumers to the quality of products are steadily increasing and expanding. A company seeking to strengthen its position in a competitive market must constantly invest in quality. To determine the volume of investments, making strategic decisions, complete and reliable information on the costs of quality is required. The backbone of any organization is the business process, so the quality cost model should reflect the total costs of each process, not randomly selected quality costs. The process approach in the classification of quality costs allows raising hidden costs to the surface, which makes it possible to evaluate and optimize them. Since not all quality costs are obvious, this makes them difficult to accurately measure and quantify. There are also many areas where quality assurance activities and processes overlap. To determine the classification of quality costs based on a process approach, the article uses a typical process model of a quality management system for an automotive enterprise and an optimal quality model, also known as the Prevention-Assessment-Failure (PAF) model. This classification in the future will allow you to analyze and manage quality costs, and will also become a source of necessary information for making strategic decisions. Thus, with the help of this classification of costs, it is possible to achieve a balance between meeting the quality requirements of consumers and the costs incurred for this purpose. Also, the classification of quality costs presented in the article makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of measures aimed at improving quality, and, in general, the effectiveness of the quality management system implemented at the enterprise.
Technological Process Stability Assessment Based on the Results of Weapon Barrel Blank Dimension Control
Authors: Murav’ev V.V. , Vagapov T.R.
Published: December 2023

The technological process of barrel manufacturing begins with the operation of stitching the rods to create a channel in the workpiece. Due to the effect of significant mechanical loads on the workpiece, inhomogeneities occur in cross-section in the form of deviations in diameter. To ensure the stability of the process, it is necessary to analyze the quality indicators in the manufacture of blanks. Product quality improvement consists in the continuous improvement of technological processes, the evaluation criteria of which are quality indicators, for example, according to the geometric dimensions of products. The company gains competitive advantage when the indicators remain stable over time and meet all the stated requirements in the regulatory documentation. process stability is defined as an indicator that ensures the constancy of the probability distributive law of its parameters for a certain period of time. Currently, there is no quality indicator of products or services that have absolute stability. The variability of the indicator is influenced by a fairly wide range of different indicators: the difference in the mechanical characteristics of the source material and workpieces, the wear of technical equipment (fixtures, equipment, tools), changes in environmental conditions, the level of qualification of working personnel, etc. Depending on the degree of influence of these factors, there will be instability in the values of quality indicators. To determine the reasons for the quality indicator spreading, studies were conducted on the example of blanks of rifle barrels. In the course of the study, the method of Shuhart control charts was used to determine the causes of deviations unambiguously. This method made it possible to construct a time schedule for changing the parameters of the process of obtaining barrel blanks before forging to carry out statistical control of its stability. The values of the critical geometric dimensions of the barrel blanks before forging were measured. Deviations of the obtained values from the required parameters were found, which indicates a violation and instability of the process of manufacturing the barrel blanks.
Evaluation of Additive White Gaussian Noise Influence on the Energy Stealthiness of Complex Signals
Authors: Senatorov L.A. , Khvorenkov V.V. , Savelyev A.V.
Published: December 2023

While designing special-purpose radio communication systems, it is important to take into account the work of potential adversaries or intruders who have electronic warfare and electronic countermeasure, whose task is to disrupt radio communications or intercept transmitted messages. Today, a number of methods are known to counteract electronic warfare, the main of them are aimed to avoid destructive influences of radio warfare. In this area, the issue of creating “uncompromising” radio transmitting devices is promising. The term “incompromising” means that a radio transmitting device is capable of transmitting a covert signal in such a way that the enemy's electronic warfare equipment could not fixate the broadcast. The secrecy of the signal is ensured by a set of technical and organizational measures. When studying secrecy issues, the greatest attention is paid to energy secrecy, since this component mainly depends on design decisions at the design stage. The article deals with the problem of obtaining an estimate of the influence of AWGN on the probability of correct signal transmission. The influence of noise and interference is considered as an important element of electronic warfare and countering enemy electronic warfare. The purpose of the article is to study the effect of noise on the degree of energy secrecy of signals. The influence of AWGN and phase noise for BPSK, QPSK, QAM-16 and chirp signals has been evaluated. Based on the results, some regularities are described that make it possible to evaluate the effect of AWGN and phase noise on the noise immunity of these signals. Studies of the chirp signal on the degree of energy secrecy under the influence of noise have been carried out. As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn about the influence of external noise on the degree of energy secrecy of signals, the chirp signal was recognized as potentially suitable for use in special communication systems.
Some Practical Applications of Discretely Tunable Couplers’ Matrix Model
Authors: Izvolsky A.A.
Published: December 2023

The findings of a research of the practical application of a previously developed model of a decametric waves discrete coupler are presented. Due to the high accuracy achieved in describing the transforming properties of Coupler in the operating frequency range, together with the apparatus of the theory of complex variables, in particular with the method of conformal maps of fractional linear functions, it was possible to solve a number of applied problems. A method for calculating the area of consistent loads of discretely tunable power circuits of arbitrary structure has been developed. For completeness of the result, the case of matching a generator with a complex value of internal resistance with a given quality (with an acceptable value of the traveling wave coefficient) has been considered. The proposed approach to matching assumes that for any possible antenna load there must be appropriate combinations of discretely tunable elements of the Coupler power circuit that ensure matching with a given quality. The design ratio for images of arbitrary circles and straight lines conformally mapped by a matching quadrilateral to a given complex domain (i.e., expressions for calculating the coordinates of the circle center and its radius, as well as coefficients of the equation of straight lines) has been obtained. Studies of the matching properties of various circuits implemented on discrete elements have been carried out. The results of this study are important when choosing the structural design of the Coupler power circuit. Calculation formulas are obtained that allow us to estimate the relative losses of active power in the Coupler power circuit. This contributes to the reasonable choice of the best configuration option from several, similar in quality matching, thereby avoiding complicated temperature settings of the circuit elements. An exhaustive search method of tuning the discrete contour of the Coupler has been proposed, which is extremely simple and does not require heavy calculations with matrices and complex numbers.
Parameters Analysis of a Fractional Order Chaotic Chua System
Authors: Knyazev I.V. , Ushakov P.A.
Published: December 2023

The problem of analyzing the parameters of a chaotic system of fractional order is considered. As an example, a chaotic system based on a Chua circuit of an integer order was chosen. To obtain a Chua circuit of fractional order, it is proposed to replace the capacitive elements in the original circuit with elements with fractal impedance. The purpose of the work is to create a mathematical model of a fractional order Chua circuit with real values of the circuit elements, on the basis of which to evaluate existing software products in the Matlab environment suitable for modeling chaotic fractional order systems, as well as to search for software products suitable for calculating the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents. An analysis of ready-made solutions in the Matlab environment, from the literature known to us, showed that the most suitable option for modeling a system of differential equations of a fractional order is the «fde_pi12_pc» program. The selected program allows you to set all the system parameters of interest and has a relatively high accuracy due to the use of the predictor-corrector algorithm. Based on this program, a domain for determining fractional indicators of the Chua system was constructed in which the presence of a characteristic attractor is visually observed. Existing software products in the Matlab environment are analyzed, allowing the calculation of Lyapunov exponents for chaotic systems described by fractional order differential equations. Of the solutions considered, the best, in our opinion, is the «FO_NC_Lyapunov» program. Using the selected program, a spatial graph of the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents was constructed when changing the fractional exponents of the Chua system. Based on the spatial graph of the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents and the criteria for the chaotic behavior of the system based on the values of Lyapunov exponents, a definition area was constructed with visualization of zones of chaotic behavior of the Chua system. The domains of definition obtained by visual analysis of the presence of an attractor and calculating the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents for the same mathematical model did not coincide; therefore, there are currently no software products for reliably assessing the chaos of fractional order systems by calculating the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents.
Steady & Transient Thermal Analysis Comparison of Square & Round Shaped Engine
Authors: Sonkar Pramod
Published: December 2023

Abstract: The engine block is the primary support structure for the other components of the engine. When the heat dissipation of the engine block deteriorates, excessive thermal expansion and frictional wear occur in various parts of the engine, which reduces the lubricating power of the engine oil. Therefore, the design of the engine block must be changed to improve its efficiency. In this analysis, a two-stroke gasoline engine block was initially used as a reference model for the development of the modified model. The two models were modeled using SolidWorks simulation software and thermal and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyzes were performed. The thermal analysis results show that the maximum temperature gradient and heat flux obtained in steady state and transient thermal analysis. The results show that the modified model has improved heat dissipation rate than the reference model. CFD analysis shows that the reference model experiences higher pressure and air resistance than the modified model. This increases the drag force acting on the reference model.
Complex Sentences in Modern English
Authors: Baxtiyarovich Odilov Baxodir
Published: December 2023

Abstract: This article analyzes complex sentences in modern English. The article examines the problems and shortcomings encountered in the analysis of complex sentences. Modern solutions to the problems in this process are shown.
Types of Language Barriers and Ways of Overcoming Them in Teaching Speaking
Authors: Zafarovna Nasrullaeva Nafisa
Published: December 2023

Abstract: The subject of the manuscript is types of language barriers which appear in the process of communication of representatives of different nations and cultures. It is about the formation of communicative competence, i.e. the ability and willingness to carry out both direct communication (speaking, listening comprehension) and indirect communication (reading with understanding of foreign language texts, writing). Learning to communicate in a foreign language is the ultimate goal in the process of learning a foreign language and is considered an indicator of students’ practical mastery of this foreign language. Speaking is an extremely multidimensional and complex phenomenon.
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) and Application Development
Authors: Das Dr. Prasenjit , Kumar Magapu Shanmukha Chakra Govindu , Kumar Chandan , Kulkarni Shubham
Published: December 2023

Abstract: The notion of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) exemplifies a transcendent form of a nation’s sovereign tender, fashioned and presided over by its central banking authority. A marked departure from tangible banknotes and coinage, CBDC emanates as an ethereal presence, accessible via the conduits of digital wallets and an array of electronic platforms. This avantgarde metamorphosis signifies a profound pivot in the global financial arena toward an era of unbridled digitization and modernization.
The Study on the Theoretical Perspectives of Soliton and Its Applications
Authors: Jalil Muhammad Arif Bin
Published: December 2023

Abstract: A soliton is a strongly stable, nonlinear, self-reinforcing, localised wave packet that propagates freely at a constant speed and keeps its shape even after colliding with other similar localised wave packets. Its exceptional stability arises from the balanced cancellation of nonlinear and dispersive effects in the medium. In engineering, a soliton wave is a self-reinforcing solitary wave packet that keeps its shape as it travels at a steady speed. It results from the medium's non-linear and dispersive effects cancelling each other out. Many systems exhibit dispersive effects, in which the wave frequency controls the wave's speed of propagation. It was then demonstrated that soliton solutions provide stable solutions for a wide class of dispersive partial differential equations that are weakly nonlinear and describe physical systems. Solitons are preferred for high-speed, longdistance transmissions because of their self-restoring characteristics. Given that transmission speeds over longer distances are now close to 40 Gbit per second, the strain on networks is rapidly approaching a critical threshold. Solitons may provide interesting alternatives in the future. Non-linear wave equations that describe how waves propagate in specific physical systems are solved to get soliton solutions. These waves appear as solutions in mathematical models of various systems, such as optical wave-guides, crystal lattice vibrations, and water waves.
Suspicious Activity Detection
Authors: Gaware Rutik
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Unpredictable activities is guessing a person's physical location or joint activity based on images or videos. The project will require the use of neural networks to detect human activities from CCTV images. Human behavior is one of the fundamental problems in computer vision and has been studied for over 15 years. This is important because the number of applications that can benefit from the search function is huge. For example, it is used in applications such as human prediction, video analysis, animal analysis and behavior understanding, language recognition, human relations-computer, and characters are less powerful. While low-cost depth sensors have limitations such as being limited to indoor use, their low-noise data and low depth make it difficult to estimate humans from depth images. Therefore, we plan to use neural networks to solve these problems. Analyzing human activity through image analysis is an active area of research in image processing and computer vision. Thanks to visual monitoring, human activities in public places such as bus stops, train stations, airports, banks, shopping malls, schools, parking lots and roads can be monitored in order to prevent attacks, theft, accidents, illegal parking, violence, fights and chain events. purse snatching etc. illegal and other activities. It is very difficult to monitor public places regularly, so there is a need for intelligent video surveillance that can monitor people's activities in real time and divide them into tasks, normal and abnormal activities; and can generate an alarm. Often research is done with images rather than video. Also, none of the published articles attempt to use CNNs to detect suspicious activity.
Assessing the Bullwhip effect in supply chain: trends, gaps, and overlaps
Authors: Tamayo Diego , Orjuela-Castro Javier , Herrera Milton
Published: December 2023

Due to operational and behavioral factors, the Bullwhip effect (BWE) arises with variations in the logistics flow, yielding uncertainty and disturbances along the supply chain (SC). Previous studies have discussed isolated approaches, underestimating the influence of behavioral aspects over operational ones, and multi-factor analysis, which helps to measure and diminish the BWE. This study systematically assesses the bodies of knowledge to identify new trends, emphasizing gaps and overlaps to underly behavioral-operational links and multi-factor scenarios through a unified frame of reference built during the paper review. The results from this research spot new BWE trends like COVID and closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) driven by disruption and return flows; the influence of behavioral causes over pricing, returning flows, production capacity, and batching; the combination of multi-factor topics like pricing, production capacity, synchronization, and order batching. This overview contributes to understanding new trends and connections in the issues, highlighting logistic challenges and opportunities to explore future studies with a broader scope. It also elucidates the BWE causes and how to handle them, which could assist in comprehending its effects and advantages on the technical elements of logistics.
The disruptive times of Covid-19: higher education leadership and management logistics in Arab nations
Authors: Fardoun Habib , Aouad Ghassan , Yahchouchi Georges
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 Pandemic has changed many parts of the world, turning everything upside down in its path. Everything has changed, not just education, which has seen some unexpected changes in many places worldwide. There has been a rapid transition to online education in Arab nations due to COVID-19, which has both positives and cons. Most institutions can already adapt to education's digital teaching and learning-based future. In this study, a narrative non-systematic review methodology was used to examine the influence of COVID-19 on postsecondary education, the function of academic leaders, and the administration of Arab nations. For this investigation, a total of twenty-six pertinent scientific publications published by Arab countries were considered. Findings revealed that the psyche and emotions of students have been suffering from the limitations of the online higher education system. It was also noticed that students and teachers faced huge problems during this pandemic. The review also explored the strength of existing Middle Eastern countries' digital infrastructure facilities. Despite many limitations, instructors, institutions, and students learned many essential things during this critical Covid-19 period. Additionally, they learned how to adapt to a technology environment, which is crucial for professional success. The study's findings support the attitudes of students, teachers, leaders, managers, and other stakeholders toward online learning in challenging circumstances also in the field of logistics and transport.
Service quality of e-hailing taxi services in Johannesburg
Authors: Adenigbo Adedotun , Mageto Joash , Makan Hemisha , Luke Rose
Published: December 2023

The study examines the service quality dimensions of e-hailing taxi services for passenger flow in Johannesburg. The objective is to determine the major service quality characteristics that affect customer satisfaction for using e-hailing taxis in Johannesburg. Questionnaires were randomly distributed to 499 e-hailing taxi users in Johannesburg. This study identified and tested service quality dimensions relevant to passengers’ desire for a transport service. The study added safety and affordability to the traditional five service quality factors for analysis. The data collected were subjected to exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and regression. EFA identified reliability, tangibility, safety, and empathy as the major service quality factors for e-hailing taxis in Johannesburg. It was found that these variables significantly affect customer satisfaction with e-hailing taxi services in Johannesburg. A change in reliability will contribute about 19% to customers’ perception of e-hailing taxi services, 28% for tangibility, 15% for safety and 19% for empathy, respectively. The study indicates the importance of safety as a major service quality dimension of public transportation. It implies that e-hailing taxi operators need to pay attention to passengers’ safety with vigilance and appropriate safety measures.
Improving allocation and layout in production logistics
Authors: Straka Martin , Kacmary Peter , Besta Petr
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the principled solution of allocation and layout of workplaces in a company producing of variety building components. Allocation and layout are very important areas for ensuring the efficient operation of companies engaged in production as well as in commercial activities. Both allocation and layout solutions have a strategic importance for companies. The investigated company produces construction metal elements as a part of modern construction technologies. The problem is related to the constant improving activities in the company in order to ensure its competitiveness on the market. The production process of construction metal elements consists of workplaces such as cutting, drilling, milling, welding and galvanizing. Workplaces for inspection and loading of finished products are non-production. The solution of the project was aimed at streamlining activities in terms of logistics, material flows as well as in terms of safety.
Inventory planning of raw material using Silver Meal and Wagner Whitin Algorithm
Authors: Asmal Sapta , Kurniawan Deni , Indah Besse , Anshar Muhammad , Suradi Suradi
Published: December 2023

Material inventory planning is needed in the industrial world to advance a business because it will affect the costs incurred, the production process, and the profits generated by the company. The company has a problem that occurs when the control of raw material inventory could be more optimal. It recorded that throughout 2021, 33.647,18 meters of fabric pants were stored in warehouses. This is influenced by several factors, including the calculation of safety stock, lead time due to uncertain logistics and the selection of methods that have not been maximized. The novelty of this research is that it discusses inventory planning, the methods used are Silver Meal Algorithm and the Wagner Whitin Algorithm. Data processed is on demand for clothes and jeans throughout 2021. The results show that the Silver Meal is suitable for five materials, and the Wagner Whitin Algorithm is on one material. Companies can use both methods for each raw material. Nevertheless, it is more optimal if the company utilizes only one method for procurement of raw materials, the Silver Meal because when it is used in the long term, the cost of raw materials is less than the Wagner Whitin Algorithm. The Siler Meal’s total inventory cost is Rp. 138.281.497, and the Wagner Whitin Algorithm is Rp. 170.010.097
Improving last mile distribution systems through the Internet of Things: a South African case
Authors: Kafile Masithembe , Mbhele Thokozani
Published: December 2023

The study investigates the impact of the IoT on the cost and quality of last-mile logistics, the critical and often challenging final phase of the supply chain. With the relentless growth of e-commerce and the increasing demands for efficient and reliable delivery services, understanding how IoT affects last-mile logistics is increasingly becoming important. Through the integration of IoT technologies such as GPS tracking, RFID systems, and real-time data analytics, the study aimed to assess the extent to which the application of the IoT affects the cost and quality of last-mile distribution in South Africa. As a result, the study provides valuable insights into the potential cost savings or increases associated with IoT adoption, quality challenges and areas of improvement, customer satisfaction and the overall performance of last-mile distribution systems. The methodology involves the collection of primary data from selected distribution companies in South Africa. Statistical software was used to analyse the data to shed light on the tangible benefits and challenges associated with IoT adoption in last-mile logistics as they relate to cost and quality. The research findings indicate that implementing IoT in last-mile distribution systems in South Africa can significantly improve efficiency and effectiveness. The IoT integration with existing infrastructure enables seamless communication, proactive decision-making, and reduced delivery delays. Overall, by leveraging IoT technologies and real-time data analysis, organisations can optimise their distribution processes, reduce costs, improve quality, and enhance overall customer experience.
Standards of Value Stream Mapping as a tool supporting logistics processes in the healthcare system in Poland
Authors: Korkosz - Gebska Jolanta , Poplawski Lukasz
Published: December 2023

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) a health system consists of many components like organizations, institutions, resources, and people whose primary purpose is to improve health. The system is complex and requires staff, funds, information, supplies, transport, communications and overall guidance and direction to function properly. These elements interact with each other and, as in the logistics system, there are uninterrupted physical, decision-making and information flows between its most important elements, which include: service providers, service recipients (patients), a payer (the National Health Fund), control and supervision institutions, the Ministry of Health. The Polish healthcare system is struggling with many problems, such as insufficient access to health services, inefficient system management, shortages of medical staff, or underfunding. The use of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) standards can significantly contribute to the improvement of logistics processes of the Polish healthcare system. The standards can be also used to improve the processes of treatment of other diseases, but also the functioning of healthcare units.The aim of the article is to present the possibility of applying Value Stream Mapping standards in the process of ischemic stroke treatment as the results of the project ‘Lean Management in Healthcare’, implemented by the consortium consisting of the Medical University of Warsaw, the Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw and the Polish Society of Health Economics, financed by the National Centre for Research and Development under contract no. IS-2/200/NCBR/2015.
Personalized modification of sport dance wheelchairs
Authors: Michalikova Monika , Bednarcikova Lucia , Demeterova Jana , Zivcak Jozef
Published: December 2023

Standard modifications of active wheelchairs are commonly performed, but they often do not take into account the individual needs of dancers. The presented article aims to propose the optimization and personalization of the Quickie Argon Ti dance wheelchair for a specific subject. A visualization of a personalized dance wheelchair was created, abiding by the dimensional frame. The quality of the performance of physically disabled individuals in sports dancing on wheelchairs is significantly influenced by its construction and parameters. In this article, a standard sports wheelchair, and the requirements placed on a sports wheelchair used for dancing were described. After addressing the shortcomings, the modifications of selected components of the disabled sports wheelchair were presented.
The influence of the cutting tool geometry on the surface quality of the parts manufactured by WAAM - Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Buransky Ivan , Simna Vladimir , Hrbal Jakub , Dubnicka Maros
Published: December 2023

Thin-walled components have extensive usage in the aviation, aerospace, automotive, and energy sectors. Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) additive technology is a technology that is used to produce thin-walled components by adding layers by layers. MIG/MAG welding technology is used in WAAM. The milling of thin-walled components often results in chatter, which causes waves on the milled surfaces. The variable helix angle reduces chatter during milling. The study found that a constant helix angle of 30°-30°-30° caused the active part of the wall to deflect towards the cutting tool, resulting in the least desirable outcomes. In contrast, cutting tools with 30°-30°-25° and 30°-30°-35° helix angles produced comparable results with minor surface waves.
Methodical approaches to valuation of intangible assets
Authors: Banociova Anna , Bajus Radoslav
Published: December 2023

Intangible assets in the activities of business entities can constitute a significant part of assets. Their valuation can be done in several ways, which are fundamentally different. Literature offers several methods for valuing intangible assets, which are based on three basic approaches. Each of them captures the value of the property based on different specific characteristics. The issue of intangible assets is also addressed by international accounting standards, the task of which is to guide the accounting and reporting of this type of assets so that the financial statements provide correct and complete information that is comparable on a global basis.
ALEKSANDR I. SELIVANOV - FOUNDER OF THE AGING THEORY OF MACHINES
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, CHERNOIVANOV V.I. , LYALYAKIN V.P.
Published: December 2023

Academician of VASKhNIL Alexander Ivanovich Selivanov is the founder of the theory of aging of machines. The analysis and study of technology research in the process of its consumption and aging is an urgent task. (Research purpose) The research purpose is outlining the life path of A.I. Selivanov and analyzing his scientific activities. (Materials and methods) Reviewed the published works of academician A.I. Selivanov, publications of contemporaries, his students and colleagues, archival documents. (Results and discussion) They described in detail the life path of Academician A.I. Selivanova from high school graduation, education, and the beginning of scientific activity within the walls of VIM. It was noted that A.I. Selivanov took part in the Great Patriotic War as an assistant commander of a separate tractor battalion in the technical part. He had military awards. We evaluated the results of his activities in the post-war years to restore worn-out cars with the development of standard repair technology, for this work, A.I. Selivanov, together with his staff, was awarded the Stalin Prize. The role of A.I. Selivanov in the creation of the Institute of State University was shown. They indicated the topics and dates of the defense of the candidate’s and doctoral dissertations. Special attention was paid to the analysis of the work and the results obtained on the creation of the «Agricultural Machinery» system. They noted the scientific and pedagogical activity of academician A.I. Selivanov. (Conclusions) A.I. Selivanov became one of the largest authorities in the field of durability and repair of agricultural machinery. Many of his books and articles have been translated and published abroad. In total, he has published more than 200 printed works. For his labor merits, he was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, and many medals. Effective processes of restoration of worn parts, cleaning them from contamination before defecation and assembly, methods and means of diagnostics, maintenance and storage of machines have been introduced into economic practice.
PROPERTIES OF COATINGS PRODUCED BY PLASMA AND POWDER SURFACING OF ELECTRIC EROSION POWDER MADE FROM WASTE OF STEEL R18
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, KARPENKO N.N. , LATYPOVA G.R. , LATYPOV R.A. , ANDREEVA L.P.
Published: December 2023

The use of effective technologies, the use of high-quality materials and the reduction of production costs are the main and primary tasks for competitive domestic agricultural and motor transport enterprises, therefore, the priority areas in their development are the renovation of car parts, agricultural machinery from high-quality secondary material (Research purpose) The research purpose is obtaining and studying a coating made by plasma-powder surfacing of a powder created by electroerosive dispersion of waste steel P18. (Materials and methods) Used as a substrate for coating by plasma-powder surfacing nickels with a diameter of 40 millimeters made of steel grade 40X. The scanning electron microscopy method was used to determine the elemental composition of the resulting coating. An Olympus GX51 optical microscope was used to determine porosity. The hardness of the samples was tested using the DM-8 automatic microhardness analysis system using the micro-Vickers method. The friction coefficient of the sample surface with a plasma-powder coating was measured using a special Tribometer friction machine. (Results and discussion) It was revealed that the results of tribological tests of the friction surface of samples made of 40X steel and plasma-powder coating from a mixture of powders of 50 percent of the iron powder of the PZHV5 brand and 50 percent of the powder from the waste of P18 steel indicate a high coefficient of friction of the latter. Wear is characterized by smoothing of solid protrusions of the sample surface. (Conclusions) It was found that the equal ratio of PZHV5 powder and P18 powder in the mechanical mixture is optimal. The main elements of the plasma-powder coating obtained with this ratio of powders in a mechanical mixture are iron, oxygen, carbon, tungsten and molybdenum. The average microhardness of the 40X steel base is 2.1 times lower than that of the coating. With a path of 500 meters, the average value of the friction coefficient of the resulting coating was 0.146, and at the base - 0.486.
ANALYSIS OF BEDDING APPLICATION’S TECHNOLOGIES AND MEANS ON SMALL LIVESTOCK FARMS
Authors:   ФГБОУ ВО Великолукская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия, RADKEVICH E.V. , SOLOVIEV S.V. , GERASIMOVA O.A. ,   ФГБОУ ВО Петрозаводский государственный университет, TIKHONOV E.A.
Published: December 2023

The high quality bedding’s use is important for farm animals’ health. Straw is an excellent material for bedding, but before using it must be crushed to particles no larger than 100 mm, which will achieve optimal moisture and gas absorption capacity, as well as simplify its application, mechanization and cleaning. Centrifugal and blow spreaders, belt conveyors are used litter applying. The paper considers some types of litter spreaders using on the North-West farms. It is revealed that along with such considered machines obvious advantages, they also have disadvantages so the main of which are uneven litter distribution at it applying. This, in turn, leads to the manual labor need at straw layer leveling after its introduction in a mechanized way. A new design of the spreader-blower is proposed, designed the litter layer uniformity during application ensuring. It is based on a hammer chopper and a tangential fan. The optimization’s calculation of new installation’s some parameters is presented. In addition to the straw particle velocity’s calculated value, the dependence of the inclination’s angle of the duct deflector on the radius of the chopper’s impeller and the straw’s length was determined. The hammer shredder using is due to the design simplicity, straw clogging insensitivity with small stones and the straw’s ability to the required length of 80 ... 100 mm at grinding.
THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A BIOTHERMAL INSTALLATION FOR CALF HOUSE FLOOR’S HEATING RESULTS
Authors: TURDUEV I.E. , ZHUSUBALIEVA A.ZH. , OSMONOV ZH.Y. , NARYMBETOV M.S. , OSMONOV Y.J.
Published: December 2023

Farm animal manure is one of renewable energy resources types that the selfheating at humus process’s property has had. It allocates bioheat suitable for use (heating water for animals watering and cows' udders washing, livestock premises floor heating, etc.). The authors have developed and tested a biothermal installation to increase the efficiency at bioheat released during manure selfheating’s using. The biothermal installation with temperature sensors at the inlet is equipped, as well as at the installation outlet and in the manure mass, at characteristic’s points directly. The active selfheating period is 40-42 days from the start date. Studies have established the average selfheating temperature of the manure mass (3000-3100 kg - a mixture of horse and sheep manure in a ratio of 1:1, humidity 70-75%) for this period, which is 57.9 ± 5.67 °C at a variation’s coefficient of 9,8% with an air temperature fluctuation of 17°C...-2°C. Fluctuation of air temperature does not significantly affect the process of manure mass selfheating. At subzero ambient temperature, the manure selfheating with a slight slowdown continuing . In the steadystate operation mode, the average water temperature at the biothermal installation’s entrance and at the exit from it, is respectively, 44.9 °C and 54.9 °C. This biothermal installation’s average heating capacity and thermal power are 50-53 kJ/kg and 320-325 watts.
THE IMPACT OF BREWERY INDUSTRY’S WASTE ON FAT BLACK-AND-WHITE STEERS MEAT PRODUCTION
Authors:   ФГБОУ ВПО «Мордовский государственный университет им. Н.П. Огарева», VALOSHIN A.V. , GLAZKOV A.V.
Published: December 2023

Beer is a rich source of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and vitamins. In addition, beer contains of amino acids, which for animals’ proper growth and development are necessary. Culled beer into animal feed processing is one way its potentially nutritious properties using. Some studies had also shown that beer adding to the steers’ rations can improve the animals’ digestion and appetite, that in turn leads weight gain and meat production increasing. However, it should be noted that namely beer’s optimal temperature of the ration gives the best effect on the steers production, which may vary in depending on the each animal’s specific feeding conditions and characteristics. It should also be borne in mind that the beer’s optimal dosage in steers’ ration exceeding can have a negative impact on their health and production, therefore it is necessary certain measures of control at the beer dosage and quality at animal feeding to observe. In general, warmed beer can become steers ration’s useful component and help their production to increase, but it requires careful monitoring and compliance with optimal conditions using. It is important to remember that beer also contains alcohol, which can have a negative effect on the body of animals if consumed in large quantities. Therefore, at beer in the steers’ rations using, it is necessary its dosage strictly to control and optimal feeding conditions to observe.
THE ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CHICKEN DUNG’S DISPOSAL
Authors:   Казанский государственный аграрный университет, SIBAGATULLIN F.S. , GANIEV A.S. , KHALIULLINA Z.M. , GAYFULLIN I.H.
Published: December 2023

The twelvemonths study of Mephosphone and Baikal-EM1’s drugs effect on the fresh chicken dung’s processing results are presented. During the experiment chicken dung on OOO "Chelny - Broiler" large poultry complex and private farm were studied. The methods of chicken dung’s processing currently used, such as composting, pyrolysis, gasification, anaerobic digestion, were analyzed. The Mephosphone and Baikal-EM1’s drugs as composting accelerators were used. The experiments in four variants: option 1 (control - initial chicken dung without drugs), option 2 (chicken dung + Baikal-EM1’s drug), option 3 (chicken dung + Mephosphone’s drug), option 4 (chicken dung + Mephosphone’s drug + Baikal-EM1’s drug) were carried out. To conduct this study, chicken dung in plastic buckets of 4 kg was packed, then mixed with 50 ml tap water and additives was mixed, and to create anaerobic (microaerophilic) conditions with a lid was covered. The drugs at the rate of 0,5 ml per 1 kg of waste and 0,25 ml of each drug at together applying were added. Given drugs activate the microorganisms’ biotic activity, by the way in small and ultrasmall concentrations, when they form supramolecular structures in size from 10 to 100 nm ranging. The positive effect of the Mephosphone drug’s "maturation" on dung’s rate, and unpleasant odors’ deodorization has been demonstrated. The conducted studies have shown that Mephosphone and Baikal-EM1’s drugs introduction the dungs’ accelerates fermentation processes, and helps the environmental hazard’s class from III till IV to reduce.
MANAGEMENT OF "CAROUSEL" MILKING INSTALLATION BASED ON PROBABILISTIC-AND-STATISTICAL EVALUATION AND RECYCLING OF TIGHT MILKING ANIMALS’ PERFORMANCE
Authors:   Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ, KIRSANOV V.V. , IVANOV YU.A. , KIRSANOV S.V. ,   ООО «ТрансЭнергоCнаб»
Published: December 2023

Recently there in a number of country’s regions, large livestock dairy complexes for 1200-3000 and more cows, on which "Carousel" milking installations are as singleflow conveyor with animals’ sequential input and output have been built. The milking installation’s performance by the individual animals milking high duration (14-16 minutes) is influenced. For performance’s losses compensate, developers suggest milking installations’ equipment with a large number of milking places on the platform, while increasing not only performance, but also the installation’s capital intensity and the milking parlor’s required area using. It is more rational to develop methods for the rotation’s speed of the milking platform with the choice of the platform’s one turn optimal duration controlling and the tightmilking animals’ possible redirecting for milking to the second round. According to the data obtained during the operation of the SAC (36 milking sites) of milking installation conveyor, by the platform turn duration varying and in the same time tightmilking animals’ part (from 1 to 5 cows) to the second round sending, it is possible not only the performance’s preservation to achieve, but also its significant (up to 21%) in compared with the basic version increasing. At the same time, it is necessary to know the statistical characteristics of milking cows’ duration distribution in groups based on identification systems’ frequency and milk flow meters’ratio reading.
DETERMINATION OF FEED-PUSHER ROBOTS’ RATIONAL PARKING ZONE AREA AT DAIRY FARMS RECONSTRUCTION
Authors:   Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока им. Н.В. Рудницкого, KOMKIN A.S. , SAVINYKH P.A.
Published: December 2023

During the new livestock facilities construction, usually there is no problem with the robot-pusher parking zone’s placement, however, during the of typical farms reconstruction due to lack of internal space, dealers and owners are face the problem of robot-pusher feed parking zone organizing. Based on the study of GEA FRone and DeLaval OptiDuo models’ feed pusher robots operating in ordinary conditions, as well as types of maneuvers, were obtained data that by modeling on 16 robot models presented on the Russian market were interpolated. The most rational way of feed pusher robots parking zones organization is their placement in a niche, without a roof, inside the farm in the technological gap where the manure conveyor drive station is located. The rational areas for all 16 models of feed pusher robots’ parking zones have been determined. So, for the OptiDuo feed pusher robot, which has a rectangular body, the rational area is in 22% lesser than the recommended one, that is, in 1,3 times; for the FRone robot, which has a cylindrical body, it is 44%, that is, in 1,8 times lesser. On average, the rational area of the parking area is 2,6-2,9 times larger than the area occupied by the feed pusher robot itself in the farm’s plan. The variation is explained by the way of farm barn’s adaptation. As a result, the parking zones rational areas’ values are obtained and the parking zone area dependence on the occupied robot area in the barn’s plan is determined: it is not linear, but exponential: Sp =1,602e0,6286Sр, R² = 0,6459.