bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hodgkin's variant of Richter transformation during ibrutinib therapy: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Afonso Carolina , Gomes Marília , Pereira Marta Isabel , Faria Carlos , Pina Raquel , Saraiva Tiago , Geraldes Catarina , Carda José Pedro
Published: October 2022

Hodgkin's variant of Richter transformation is a rare complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and is associated with inferior outcomes compared to de novo Hodgkin lymphoma. Further data concerning prognosis and treatment of Hodgkin's variant of Richter transformation occurring in the setting of novel targeted therapies are needed.
Left main and two vessels calcified coronary aneurysms presented as out of hospital cardiac arrest in young patient
Authors: Al Khodari Khaled , Tahtouh Raad Alhaj , Arabi Abdulrahman , Al Khodari Mouaz
Published: October 2022

A 37‐year‐old patient was admitted secondary to ventricular fibrillation induced out of hospital cardiac arrest. Coronary angiogram revealed left main, left anterior descending, and right coronary arteries aneurysms. The patient underwent bypass surgery with four grafts. Ejection fraction improved from 30% upon admission to 45% at 3 months of follow‐up.
Design Concepts for Solution and Solid‐State Emitters – A Modern Viewpoint on Classical and Non‐Classical Approaches
Authors: Huber Alexander , Dubbert Justin , Scherz Tim D. , Voskuhl Jens
Published: October 2022

For a long time, luminescence phenomena were strictly distinguished between the emission of isolated molecules in dilute solutions or close‐packed structures such as in powders or aggregates. This changed with the breakthrough observation of dual‐state efficient materials, which led to a rapid boost of publications examining the influence of structural features to achieve balanced emission with disregarded molecular surroundings. Some first general structural design concepts have already been proposed based on reoccurring patterns and pivotal motifs. However, we have found another way to classify these solution and solid‐state emitters (SSSEs). Hence, this minireview aims to present an overview of published structural features of SSSEs while shining light on design concepts from a more generalized perspective. Since SSSEs are believed to bridge the gap of hitherto known aggregation‐sensitive compound classes, we hope to give future scientists a versatile tool in hand to efficiently design novel luminescent materials.
Protonated Porphyrins: Bifunctional Catalysts for the Metal‐Free Synthesis of N‐Alkyl‐Oxazolidinones
Authors: Cavalleri Matteo , Damiano Caterina , Manca Gabriele , Gallo Emma
Published: October 2022

The protonation of commercially available porphyrin ligands yields a class of bifunctional catalysts able to promote the synthesis of N‐alkyl oxazolidinones by CO2 cycloaddition to corresponding aziridines. The catalytic system does not require the presence of any Lewis base or additive, and shows interesting features both in terms of cost effectiveness and eco‐compatibility. The metal‐free methodology is active even with a low catalytic loading of 1 % mol, and the chemical stability of the protonated porphyrin allowed it to be recycled three times without any decrease in performance. In addition, a DFT study was performed in order to suggest how a simple protonated porphyrin can mediate CO2 cycloaddition to aziridines to yield oxazolidinones.
Simultaneous Optimization of Efficiency, Stretchability, and Stability in All‐Polymer Solar Cells via Aggregation Control†
Authors: Xian Kaihu , Zhou Kangkang , Li Mingfei , Liu Junwei , Zhang Yaowen , Zhang Tao , Cui Yong , Zhao Wenchao , Yang Chunming , Hou Jianhui , Geng Yanhou , Ye Long
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive Summary

With the emergence of Y‐series small molecule acceptors, polymerizing the small molecule acceptors with aromatic linker units has attracted significant research attention, which has greatly advanced the photovoltaic performance of all‐polymer solar cells. Despite the rapid increase in efficiency, the unique characteristics (e. g., mechanical stretchability and flexibility) of all‐polymer systems were still not thoroughly explored. In this work, we demonstrate an effective approach to simultaneously improve device performance, stability, and mechanical robustness of all‐polymer solar cells by properly suppressing the aggregation and crystallization behaviors of polymerized Y‐series acceptors. Strikingly, when introducing 50 wt% PYF‐IT (a fluorinated version of PY‐IT) into the well‐known PM6:PY‐IT system, the all‐polymer devices delivered an impressive photovoltaic efficiency of 16.6%, significantly higher than that of the control binary cell (15.0%). Compared with the two binary systems, the optimal ternary blend exhibits more efficient charge separation and balanced charge transport accompanying with less recombination. Moreover, a high‐performance 1.0 cm2 large‐area device of 15% efficiency was demonstrated for the optimized ternary all‐polymer blend, which offered a desirable PCE of 14.5% on flexible substrates and improved mechanical flexibility after bending 1000 cycles. Notably, these are among the best results for 1.0 cm2 all‐polymer OPVs thus far. This work also heralds a bright future of all‐polymer systems for flexible wearable energy‐harvesting applications.
Visible Light‐Induced C‐5 Selective C—H Radical Borylation of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with NHC‐Boranes
Authors: Zheng Huitao , Lu Hao , Su Chaobo , Yang Runlong , Zhao Limin , Liu Xiang , Cao Hua
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive Summary

A visible‐light‐induced C‐5 selective C—H borylation of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with NHC‐BH3 via Minisci‐type radical borylation reaction has been developed for the first time. The present sustainable protocol provides a new family of regioselectively C5‐borylated imidazopyridines that would otherwise be difficult to prepare. It is a supplement to site‐selective borylation of azines (nitrogen‐containing aromatic heterocycles) and the assembly of sp2 carbon‐boron bond.
Transmission range extension strategy of parity–time‐symmetry‐based wireless power transfer system by a boost converter
Authors: Chen Jintao , Xie Fan , Zhang Bo , Chen Yanfeng , Xiao Wenxun
Published: October 2022

The wireless power transfer (WPT) system based on the parity–time (PT) symmetry can realize stable power transmission with constant efficiency and output power in the PT‐symmetric region. In some applications with long transmission distance requirements, such as medical treatment, it is meaningful to expand the PT‐symmetric region by reducing the critical coupling coefficient. Therefore, a novel WPT system based on PT symmetry with a boost converter in secondary side is proposed in this article to expand the transmission range. The circuit theory is used to analyze the presented system. Then two models with different drive signals of the boost converter are established and simulated respectively to show the effect of the proposed system compared with the original PT‐symmetry‐based WPT system. Finally, the experimental results verify that the proposed system can play a role in extending the stable transmission distance or in suppressing the output power growth of the PT‐symmetric‐based WPT system.
An integrated of buck and half‐bridge high step‐down converter utilizing single‐stage driving design for high‐efficiency energy conversions
Authors: Tseng Kuo‐Ching , Shih En‐Ming , Huang Guan‐Yu
Published: October 2022

In this paper, an integrated of buck and half‐bridge high step‐down converter utilizing single‐stage driving design for high‐efficiency energy conversion is proposed. The proposed converter has the ability to instantly and synchronously transfer energy from input to output within one conversion period. The proposed topology is capable of lowering the primary side voltage of the transformer, so the turns ratio could be reduced. The coupling rate is therefore better along with the leakage inductance. Furthermore, the duty cycle operated in an extreme situation is not necessary. As a combination of the advantages of high step‐down conversion, lower voltage stresses, and fewer amount of semiconductor elements, the feasibility of the proposed topology is verified by the implementation of a 300 W prototype. The proposed integrated topology utilizes the single‐stage energy transfer control algorithm to verify that the proposed experimental circuit has a full load efficiency of 92.4%, in the case of input voltage 380 V and output voltage 5 V, and the maximum efficiency, occurring at 100 W, is 94.55%.
Anthropogenic mortality of large mammals and trends of conflict over two decades in Nepal
Authors: Baral Kedar , Bhandari Shivish , Adhikari Binaya , Kunwar Ripu M. , Sharma Hari P. , Aryal Achyut , Ji Weihong
Published: October 2022

Wildlife conservation in human‐dominated landscapes faces increased challenges due to rising conflicts between humans and wildlife. We investigated the human and wildlife loss rates due to human–wildlife conflict between 2000 and 2020 in Nepal. We concentrated on Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), greater one‐horned rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis), tiger (Panthera tigirs), and leopard (Panthera pardus) mortality, as well as human mortality caused by these species. Over the 21‐year period, we recorded 1139 cases of wildlife mortality and 887 cases of human mortality. Leopard mortality was the highest, followed by that of greater one‐horned rhinos, tigers, and Asian elephants. Overall, the rate of wildlife mortality has been increasing over the years. Asian elephants were found to be more responsible for crop damage than greater one‐horned rhinos, while leopards were found to be more responsible for livestock depredation than tigers. The generalized linear model indicated that the mortality of wildlife in the districts is best predicted by the additive effect of human mortality, the proportion of agricultural land, and the literacy rate of the districts. Retaliatory wildlife mortality was the most challenging issue for wildlife conservation, especially for the large mammals. Findings from this study are important for mitigation of human–wildlife conflicts, controlling retaliatory killing, and conserving these threatened large mammals.
Sand supply and dune grass species density affect foredune shape along the US Central Atlantic Coast
Authors: Jay Katya R. , Hacker Sally D. , Hovenga Paige A. , Moore Laura J. , Ruggiero Peter
Published: October 2022

Coastal foredunes form via biophysical feedbacks between sand accretion and burial‐tolerant vegetation and can protect coastlines from hazards such as extreme storms and sea level rise. Predicting how coastal dunes, and the services they provide, will change in the future requires an understanding of the relative roles of the physical and ecological processes that shape their structure and function. Here we assess the relative roles of sand supply, beach morphology, and vegetation in determining foredune morphology, and its change, along a 300‐km stretch of the US Central Atlantic coast. In particular, we used the spatial variability inherent in beaches and dunes of this region to determine the relative importance of shoreline change rate (SCR; a proxy for sand supply to the beach), beach morphology, and grass density of four widespread dune grasses (Uniola paniculata, Ammophila breviligulata, Panicum amarum, and Spartina patens) to foredune morphology metrics (height, width, and aspect ratio) along the North Carolina Outer Banks barrier islands. Foredune morphology and change metrics are correlated with three main factors: multidecadal SCR (1997–2016), beach slope, and dune grass density and species identity. Multidecadal SCR and beach width explained the most variation in, and were positively correlated with, foredune height and width, and were negatively correlated with foredune aspect ratio (height divided by width). In addition, grass density and changes in grass density contributed significantly to foredune morphology change. We found a positive relationship between change in A. breviligulata density and foredune width, which aligns with previous studies on the US Atlantic and Pacific Northwest coasts. Our results demonstrate the interactive roles of beach sand supply and dune grass functional morphology in dune building processes on highly vulnerable coastlines.
COSCO2: AI‐augmented evolutionary algorithm based workload prediction framework for sustainable cloud data centers
Authors: Karthikeyan R. , Balamurugan V. , Cyriac Robin , Sundaravadivazhagan B.
Published: October 2022

Workload prediction is the necessary factor in the cloud data center for maintaining the elasticity and scalability of resources. However, the accuracy of workload prediction is very low, because of redundancy, noise, and low accuracy for workload prediction in cloud data center. Therefore, in this article, a tree hierarchical deep convolutional neural network (T‐CNN) optimized with sheep flock optimization algorithm based work load prediction is proposed for sustainable cloud data centers. Initially, the historical data from the cloud data center is preprocessed using kernel correlation method. The proposed T‐CNN approach is used for workload prediction in dynamic cloud environment. The weight parameters of the T‐CNN model are optimized by sheep flock optimization algorithm. The proposed COSCO2 method has accurately predicts the upcoming workload and reduces extravagant power consumption at cloud data centers. The proposed approach is evaluated utilizing two benchmark datasets: (i) NASA, (ii) Saskatchewan HTTP traces. The simulation of this model is implemented in java tool and the parameters are calculated. From the simulation, the proposed method attains 20.64%, 32.95%, 12.05%, 32.65%, 26.54% high accuracy, and 27.4%, 26%, 23.7%, 34.7%, 36.5% lower energy consumption for validating NASA dataset, similarly 20.75%, 19.06%, 29.09%, 23.8%, 20.5% high accuracy, 20.84%, 18.03%, 28.64%, 30.72%, 33.74% lower energy consumption for validating Saskatchewan HTTP traces dataset than the existing approaches, like auto adaptive differential evolution algorithm BiPhase adaptive learning‐based neural network, error preventive score in time series forecasting models, time series forecasting methods for cloud data workload prediction, and self‐directed workload forecasting method.
Stabilisierung eines Kriechhangs für den Sicherheitsausbau der S31 Burgenland Schnellstraße
Authors: Drucker Petra , Hofmann Robert , Mayer Harald , Stadelmann Udo
Published: October 2022

During the construction of the S31 Burgenland expressway in the 1980s, a deep‐seated landslide was activated in the Sieggraben area (Central Burgenland, Austria) on the E8 cutting slope over a length of about 200 m. At that time, the high movement rate of the landslide could only be controlled by flattening the slope significantly. At the beginning of the 2000s, additional stabilising piles (dowels) were installed in combination with a deep groundwater drainage system. Although the landslide was stabilised by these measures, discrete zones of weakness, i.e. shear zones, remained in the subsoil due to the original slope movement. For widening the expressway in 2018 to 2021, the toe of the E8 embankment had to be set back by up to about 6 m. Due to this change in the existing stress condition, it was feared that the pre‐existing shear zones would be reactivated. In order to maintain the safety level, structural reinforcement measures as well as a monitoring concept based on the Observational Method were needed during the construction phase.
Development of dynamic grouting under laboratory and field conditions
Authors: Zirgulis Giedrius , Nejad Ghafar Ali , Chaudhari Ojas Arun
Published: October 2022

When it comes to underground structures, water ingress from the surrounding formations leads to several environmental, economic and sustainability issues. To obtain the sealing, the grouting of rock fractures is done. Today, in the grouting operations, which are commonly conducted in almost all the tunnel and subsurface infrastructure projects, the pressure applied is static. This type of applied pressure might be suitable for the large fracture apertures > 100 μm, but it has been acknowledged that it is difficult to obtain sufficient penetration through smaller apertures, where filtration of cement particles starts to occur. Research is already done to overcome this issue by applying dynamic grouting pressure instead of static. It was proved that this approach erodes the formed filter cakes and improves grout penetrability in fractures below 100 μm. This research focuses on low‐frequency rectangular pressure impulse as an alternative to other methods. The goal is to improve grout spread in micro‐fractures (especially in apertures < 70 μm). During the investigation, a prototype dynamic injection equipment was built and tested under laboratory conditions. The 4 m variable aperture long slot (VALS) was used in the experiments to simulate rock fractures. The test showed better grout penetrability using dynamic pressure approach. At the current time of writing this article, preparation works are done for field test of prototype equipment at SKB Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) at Äspö, Sweden.
Die Bohr‐ und Injektionsarbeiten des Bauloses SBT 1.1 – Tunnel Gloggnitz
Authors: Hauer Hannes , Ekici Zafer , Entfellner Manuel , Puttinger Andreas , Passmann Svend , Hofmann Thomas , Peintner Christine , Wannenmacher Helmut , Kratz Thorsten
Published: October 2022

The Semmering Base Tunnel (SBT), which has a total length of 27.3 km, is one of the most important construction projects in the Baltic‐Adriatic railway corridor. The base tunnel crosses the foothills of the Eastern Alps and connects the two federal states of Lower Austria and Styria. Due to the complex rock conditions, extensive and novel grouting systems are used. The primary target of the grouting is to reduce the permeability of the rocks and reduce the water entry (peak water ingress in the tunnelling area up to 300 l/s), as well as to improve the rock mass strength in some parts.

Based on the grouting design, specific drilling and grouting procedures with various grouting materials were developed for sealing and tempering the water‐bearing areas of Grassberg and Otterstock. Innovations include the development of a standpipe packer and a cased grouting‐pipe system with grouting valves to prevent erosion along the drilling line for use in unstable borehole conditions. The combined cement/polyurethane suspension (hybrid grout) allows an extended economical use of cement suspensions.
Neubau des Pumpspeicherwerks Forbach
Authors: Stech Hans‐Joachim , Achatz Robert , Strasser Peter , Thermann Karsten , Caccavo Gabriella , Gommel Ulrich , Kamuf Ingo
Published: October 2022

The Rudolf‐Fettweis hydropower plant, owned and operated by EnBW Energie Baden‐Württemberg AG, is situated in the Murg valley in the Northern Black Forest. The construction of a new underground Lower Basin is planned to upgrade the existing hydropower station. The in‐situ rock mass consists of Forbach Granite with local weakness zones, as encountered in the boreholes. Considering the extent of the project area, a 3D geological prediction model was used to allow a better interpretation of the spatial relationships of weakness zones in the rock mass and to optimize the orientation of the underground caverns. Adverse effects for the public were counteracted at a very early stage, so that the project received a high level of public acceptance. The present paper describes the current state of the project.
Auswirkungen der außergewöhnlichen Schneeschmelze 2019 auf den Speicherhang Hochmais
Authors: Holzmann Michael , Perzlmaier Sebastian
Published: October 2022

The rockslide systems along the Gepatsch reservoir in the Kaunertal valley are among the best investigated and monitored slopes in the Alps since TIWAG began operating the Kaunertal power plant in 1964. The rockslide systems consist of several individual slabs with variable activity. Only the deformation characteristics of the Hochmais slab shows transient behaviour and depends on external influences such as reservoir operation. No effects from heavy precipitation or snowmelt on the deformation characteristics were observed prior to 2019. The large amount of precipitation accumulated as snow in the winter of 2018/2019, combined with cool spring weather and low reservoir level, resulted in an increased deformation rate of the Hochmais slab due to excessive snowmelt in June 2019. The maximum deformation rate of several mm per week was the highest activity of the Hochmais slab since the end of the first impoundment period in 1966. In response to this exceptional situation, the engineers at TIWAG, in conjunction with external experts and the competent authorities, temporarily restricted the reservoir operation. The increased rates of deformation of the Hochmais slab decreased to the expected level in the late summer of 2019
Survival and causes of death among people with clinically diagnosed dementia with Lewy bodies: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Zuo Meimei , Yue Wenjie , Zhang Ding , Liu Shuai , Gan Jinghuan , Wang Xiao‐Dan , Wu Hao , Ji Yong
Published: October 2022

Objective

A comprehensive study of the survival and causes of death of people with clinically diagnosed Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) were few. The aim of our study was to investigate the survival and causes of death of DLB.

Methods

The patients diagnosed with probable DLB were consecutively enrolled from five memory clinics in China across a 5‐year period (2017–2021) with mortality data updated to December 2021. The endpoint was all‐cause death. Survival analysis including Cox regression by groups (time both from disease onset and the first visit to death) and causes of death were evaluated.

Results

Of the 108 patients with DLB, 54 (50%) were men and the time from onset of disease to the first visit to the memory clinic (lag time) was 24 (12–48) months. During follow‐up, 28.7% (n = 31) of the patients died. The median survival time both from disease onset and the first visit were 81 (95% cognitive impairment (CI) 69.09–92.91) and 45 (95% CI 34.78–55.22) months, respectively. The use of antipsychotic drugs (HR 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03–0.75), moderate to severe dementia (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR]) at the first visit (HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.62) and the longer lag time (HR 0.943, 95% CI 0.92–0.97) predicted a shorter survival. Failure to thrive (stopped eating, drinking) or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) maybe the most common cause of death (41.7%), followed by pneumonia or aspiration (29.2%).

Conclusions

The factors associated with survival time were disease severity level, antipsychotic drug use and lag time to seek medical advice. Failure to thrive or MODS and pneumonia were probably the most common cause of death. The long‐term outcomes of DLB patients may be helpful to guide clinicians counseling patients and caregivers.
One hundred most‐cited articles in head and neck surgery and analysis of female authorship
Authors: Trent Monica S. , Michelle Lauren , Roman Kelsey , Kim Joshua K. , Haidar Yarah M. , Tjoa Tjoson , Abouzari Mehdi
Published: October 2022

Background

While female head and neck surgeons have made significant contributions to the field, women's achievements in scientific communication have traditionally been underreported.

Methods

A search of high‐impact journals in the field of head and neck surgery was performed in the Elsevier's Scopus database to identify the top 100 most‐cited articles.

Results

The top 100 most‐cited articles (during the span of 1953 and 2016) had the highest total number of citations between 2005 and 2009. Women accounted for 36% of first authors and 25% of corresponding authors. Change in the relative number of first female authors in these top 100 articles did not increase significantly between 1950 and 2019.

Conclusion

The proportion of female first authors in head and neck surgery has not significantly increased over the past several decades, despite greater numbers of female trainees. Our findings support the need for additional research on female representation in head and neck surgery.
Application of heat transfer on MHD shear thickening fluid flow past a stretched surface with variable heat source/sink
Authors: Venkata Ramudu A. C. , Anantha Kumar K. , Sugunamma V.
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the viscous dissipation stimulus on the steady convective magnetohydrodynamic shear thickening liquid stream across a vertically stretched sheet. The impact of thermic heat, first‐order velocity slip, and variable heat generation/absorption are considered and also ignored the effect of magnetic Reynold's number. We converted flow controlling equations into the set of dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equations by employing similarity variables to solve these coupled equations by R–K and shooting technique. The effect of different dimensionless variables on velocity, heat, friction factor, and local Nusselt numbers are presented through graphs and tables. Depreciation in velocity and growth in temperature distribution is detected when the Casson fluid parameter is increased. Temperature is the increasing function of the Eckert number.
Heat and mass transfer of water‐based copper and alumina hybrid nanofluid over a stretching sheet
Authors: Mishra Swetapadma , Swain Kharabela , Dalai Renuprava
Published: October 2022

Hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) are vital in engineering and industrial applications due to significant effective thermal conductivity as compared with regular fluid and nanofluid (NF). The HNF is a process of the conglomeration of two or more nanoparticles of different thermophysical properties to affect the thermal transport characteristics of base fluid, particularly in gearing up heat switch charge. Further, the impact of HNF combined with stretching and squeezing of bounding surface has direct application in thinning/thickening of polymeric sheets in the chemical industry. The current study analyzes the flow of HNF over a stretching sheet under the influence of chemical reaction as well as suction/injection. We have considered water as the base fluid and copper , and aluminum oxide as nanoparticles. The consequences of the magnetic field, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating are also to be investigated. The resulting partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformations. The numerical solutions to governing equations are obtained with the help of MATLAB software using the bvp4c solver. The important finding is: the rate of heat transfer of HNF is higher than that of NF as well as base fluid. Moreover, contributions of higher Eckert number and radiation parameter are to increase the temperature in the flow domain, whereas the Prandtl number reduces it. It is further noticed that heavier species as well as viscous dissipation decline the level of concentration across the flow field.
Measuring dimensionality of cell‐scaffold contacts of primary human bone marrow stromal cells cultured on electrospun fiber scaffolds
Authors: Florczyk Stephanie J. , Hotaling Nathan A. , Simon Mylene , Chalfoun Joe , Horenberg Allison L. , Schaub Nicholas J. , Wang Dongbo , Szczypiński Piotr M. , DeFelice Veronica L. , Bajcsy Peter , Simon Carl G.
Published: October 2022

The properties and structure of the cellular microenvironment can influence cell behavior. Sites of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) initiate intracellular signaling that directs cell functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Electrospun fibers mimic the fibrous nature of native ECM proteins and cell culture in fibers affects cell shape and dimensionality, which can drive specific functions, such as the osteogenic differentiation of primary human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs), by. In order to probe how scaffolds affect cell shape and behavior, cell‐fiber contacts were imaged to assess their shape and dimensionality through a novel approach. Fluorescent polymeric fiber scaffolds were made so that they could be imaged by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescent polymer films were made as a planar control. hBSMCs were cultured on the fluorescent substrates and the cells and substrates were imaged. Two different image analysis approaches, one having geometrical assumptions and the other having statistical assumptions, were used to analyze the 3D structure of cell‐scaffold contacts. The cells cultured in scaffolds contacted the fibers in multiple planes over the surface of the cell, while the cells cultured on films had contacts confined to the bottom surface of the cell. Shape metric analysis indicated that cell‐fiber contacts had greater dimensionality and greater 3D character than the cell‐film contacts. These results suggest that cell adhesion site‐initiated signaling could emanate from multiple planes over the cell surface during culture in fibers, as opposed to emanating only from the cell's basal surface during culture on planar surfaces.
The mechanism of the Nfe2l2/Hmox1 signaling pathway in ferroptosis regulation in acute compartment syndrome
Authors: Zheng Tiejun , Huang Zhao , Ling He , Li Junfeng , Cheng Hong , Chen Dingquan , Lu Qinzhen , Zhao Jinmin , Su Wei
Published: October 2022

Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is a life‐threatening orthopedic emergency, which can even result in amputation. Ferroptosis is an iron‐dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death. This study investigated the mechanism of ferroptosis in ACS, explored candidate markers, and determined effective treatments. This study identified pathways involved in the development of ACS through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and GSEA of heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1). Bioinformatics methods, combined with real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and iron staining, were applied to determine whether ferroptosis was involved in the progression of ACS and to explore the mechanism of nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (Nfe2l2)/Hmox1 in ferroptosis regulation. Optimal drugs for the treatment of ACS were also investigated using Connectivity Map. The ferroptosis pathway was enriched in GSEA, KEGG of DEGs, and GSEA of Hmox1. After ACS, the reactive oxygen species content, tissue iron content, and oxidative stress level increased, whereas glutathione peroxidase 4 protein expression decreased. The skeletal muscle was swollen and necrotized; the number of mitochondrial cristae became fewer or even disappeared, and Nfe2l2/Hmox1 expression increased at the transcriptional and protein levels. Hmox1 was highly expressed in ACS, indicating that Hmox1 is a possible marker for ACS. we could predict 12 potential target drugs for the treatment of ACS. In conclusion, Hmox1 was a potential candidate marker for ACS diagnosis. Ferroptosis was involved in the progression of ACS. It was speculated that ferroptosis is inhibited by the Nfe2l2/Hmox1 signaling pathway.
The role of Acpbs2 in the asexual sporulation, stress response and carbon metabolism of Aspergillus cristatus
Authors: Shao Lei , Tan Yumei , Song Shiying , Wang Yuchen , Liu Yongxiang , Huang Yonghui , Ren Xiyi , Liu Zuoyi
Published: October 2022

Aspergillus cristatus is the dominant fungus during the fermentation of Fuzhuan brick tea, hypotonic conditions only induced its sexual development to produce ascospores, while hypertonic conditions only induced its asexual development to produce conidia, indicating that osmotic stress can regulate spore production in A. cristatus. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism is unclear. In this study, the roles of Acpbs2, which is homologous to pbs2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in sporulation, stress responses, the color of colonies, and carbon metabolism were explored in A. cristatus. Deletion mutants of Acpbs2 were obtained by homologous recombination. The time required to produce conidia was delayed, and the number of conidia produced was significantly reduced in hypertonic media in ΔAcpbs2 by phenotypic observations, indicating that Acpbs2 plays a positive role in asexual development. Stress sensitivity tests showed that the order of the sensitivity of ΔAcpbs2 to different osmotic regulators was 3 M NaCl > 3 M sucrose > 3 M sorbitol. Moreover, the deletion mutants were sensitive to high oxidative stress. The growth of the Acpbs2 deletion mutant was inhibited under alkaline‐pH stress, indicating that Acpbs2 is involved in high pH stress tolerance. Additionally, compared with the wild type, the colony color of the Acpbs2 deletion mutant became lighter. All the above developmental defects were reversed by the reintroduction of the Acpbs2 gene in ΔAcpbs2. Transcriptome data showed that Acpbs2 regulated the expression of several genes related to conidial development, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and carbon metabolism. More importantly, the interaction between Acpbs2 and its downstream gene Achog1 was verified by yeast two‐hybrid assays. We speculated that this interaction might regulate the osmotic stress response, the oxidative stress response, and asexual sporulation in A. cristatus, which will be one of the focuses of our future research.
Profiling of bile acids and activated receptor S1PR2 in gingival tissues of periodontitis patients
Authors: Yang Ruhan , Yu Weijun , Lin Lu , Jin Min , Hu Shucheng , Jiang Bin , Mao Chuanyuan , Li Guanglong , Tang Jiaqi , Gu Yuting , Chen Hui , Lu Eryi
Published: October 2022

Background

Bile acids, as a group of cholesterol metabolites, play important roles in inflammation and bone metabolism. However, the possible link between bile acids and periodontitis is still unclear. This study aimed to clarify the alterations of the bile acid profile and corresponding receptor expression levels in periodontitis patients, and evaluate their association with periodontitis severity.

Methods

The concentrations of 15 bile acids in gingival tissues from 16 periodontitis patients and 16 healthy individuals were tested by metabolomics. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) expression was determined by real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry, which was also validated in two datasets, GSE16134 and GSE10334. The correlation between bile acids, S1PR2, and clinical parameters was analyzed by Spearman's correlation analysis, and receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) curves were examined to access the ability of bile acids and S1PR2 for defining local periodontitis status.

Results

In the periodontitis group, concentrations of total bile acids were elevated by increases of all bile acid forms, and five conjugated bile acids were significantly increased. Meanwhile, the expression of their receptor, S1PR2, was also upregulated in the periodontitis group. Positive correlations were further observed between glycocholic acid (GCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), S1PR2, and periodontal clinical parameters. ROC analysis also showed combinations of two bile acids (GCA and TCDCA) with S1PR2 as novel signatures for indicating local periodontitis status.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated the alterations of the bile acid profile and receptor S1PR2 expression in periodontitis patients, and provided evidence of association between bile acids and periodontitis status.
Neoadjuvant therapy use and association with postoperative outcomes and overall survival in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Silver Casey M. , Joung Rachel H. , Logan Charles D. , Benson Al B. , Mahalingam Devalingam , D'Angelica Michael I. , Bentrem David J. , Yang Anthony D. , Bilimoria Karl Y. , Merkow Ryan P.
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives

Evidence for neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA) is limited. Our objectives were to: (1) characterize treatment trends, (2) identify factors associated with receipt of NAT, and (3) evaluate associations between NAT and postoperative outcomes.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of the National Cancer Database (2004–2017). Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between NAT and postoperative outcomes. Stratified analysis evaluated differences between surgery first, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT).

Results

Among 8040 patients, 417 (5.2%) received NAT. NAT increased during the study period 2.9%–8.4% (p < 0.001). Factors associated with receipt of NAT included age <50 (vs. >75, odds ratio [OR] 4.32, p < 0.001) and stage 3 disease (vs. 1, OR 1.68, p = 0.01). Compared with surgery first, patients who received NAT had higher odds of R0 resection (OR 1.49, p = 0.01) and lower 30‐day mortality (OR 0.51, p = 0.04). On stratified analysis, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with differences in any outcomes. However, neoadjuvant CRT was associated with improvement in R0 resection (OR 3.52, <0.001) and median survival (47.8 vs. 25.3 months, log‐rank < 0.001) compared to surgery first.

Conclusions

NAT, particularly neoadjuvant CRT, was associated with improved postoperative outcomes. These data suggest expanding the use of neoadjuvant CRT for eCCA.
Sinonasal lymphoma: A primer for otolaryngologists
Authors: Bitner Benjamin F. , Htun Nyein Nyein , Wang Beverly Y. , Brem Elizabeth A. , Kuan Edward C.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Sinonasal lymphomas are a rare entity that commonly present with nonspecific sinonasal symptoms and are often recognized immediately. Through this review, we aim to summarize important principles in diagnosis and treatment of sinonasal lymphomas, with the goal of disseminating the current knowledge of this under‐recognized malignancy to otolaryngologists.

Methods

Systemic review using PRISMA guidelines of foundational scholarly articles, guidelines, and trials were reviewed focusing on clinical characteristics of key sinonasal lymphoma subtypes, along with available treatments in the otolaryngology, medical oncology, and radiation oncology literature.

Results

Sinonasal lymphoma are derived from clonal proliferation of lymphocytes at various stages of differentiation, of which diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL) are the most common. Diagnosis and staging require biopsy with immunohistochemistry in conjunction with imaging and laboratory studies. Treatment is ever evolving and currently includes multi‐agent chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.

Conclusion

Otolaryngologists may be the first to recognize sinonasal lymphoma, which requires a comprehensive workup and a multidisciplinary team for treatment. Symptoms are nonspecific and similar to many sinonasal pathologies, and it is crucial for otolaryngologists to keep a broad differential.

Level of Evidence

5
Chiral Metasurfaces with Maximum Circular Dichroism Enabled by Out‐of‐Plane Plasmonic System
Authors: Shen Zhonglei , Fan Shuting , Yin Wei , Li Shengnan , Xu Yafei , Zhang Liuyang , Chen Xuefeng
Published: October 2022

Chiral metasurfaces with pronounced reflective chiroptical responses have drawn extensive attention as they can offer great opportunities for various chirality‐related applications. However, their fascinating potential are restrained by limited chiroptical responses, relatively complex design principle, and fabrication strategy. Herein, a concise and general design principle to develop out‐of‐plane reflective chiral metasurfaces, empowered with the maximum theoretical circular dichroism (CD), is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The designed out‐of‐plane chiral metasurfaces operating in the terahertz (THz) region are flexibly fabricated via a simple, scalable, low‐cost and lithography‐free fabrication strategy by integrating a three‐dimensional (3D) printing technique. Finally, the methodological stabilities and the strong chiroptical responses of proposed chiral metasurfaces are validated experimentally. From the general design principle, simple fabrication strategy as well as maximum chiroptical responses of proposed reflective chiral metasurfaces, it can be envisaged that these findings may overcome the difficulties in design, optimization, and fabrication for reflective chiral metasurfaces and provide promising potentials for various chirality‐related applications in emerging THz technologies, such as chiral sensing, imaging, spectroscopy and polarimetry.
Study of a fuse‐polymerised inorganic glassy compound as a hot rolling lubricant
Authors: Xu Zhihua , Cui Shaogang , Niu Yahui , Li Wei
Published: October 2022

This study had investigated the main degradation mechanism of a roll in hot rolling process, to reduce the wear and oxidation, a type of low‐melting glass fabricated by the fuse‐polymerisation method was tested as a hot metal forming lubricant by a ball‐on‐disc tribometer at high temperature. The results revealed that the roll degrades mainly due to the cracks initiated at the interface of carbides/matrix on the roll surface, then propagate along the interface, and being sheared off when the cracks confluence in the subsurface. The high‐speed steel (HSS) starts to be oxidised at 500°C, and grows heavily with increasing temperature. The recommended lubricant presented a desired lubrication behaviour for hot rolling process that generating a higher friction coefficient at low temperature and a lower one at high temperature. The friction coefficient, wear rate, and oxidation of HSS roll was reduced materially, which meets the requirements of hot rolling lubricant well.
Electrospinning and Photocrosslinking of Highly Modified Fungal Chitosan
Authors: Christ Henrik‐Alexander , Menzel Henning
Published: October 2022

The main focus of this study is to elucidate and optimize the electrospinning process for highly modified fungal chitosan. An efficient one‐step process for functionalization of chitosan with arylazide and other desired functional groups via amidation is used for synthesis. Critical electrospinning process parameters, namely, molecular weight, concentration, and ratio of chitosan and additive poly(ethylene oxide) as well as degree of substitution of chitosan are identified by systematic parameter variation following design‐of‐experiment guidelines. Their influence on the viscoelastic properties of spinning solutions is studied and attributed to changes in chain entanglements. These changes result in drastic shifts in the electrohydrodynamic jet behavior and the resulting fiber morphologies. When the viscosity is increased above a critical limit, complete cancellation of whipping instabilities is observed, resulting in a stable linear jet and highly aligned but partly coalescing microfibers. It is shown how this process conditions can be avoided and how the production of uniform and defect‐free nanofibers from highly functional chitosan can be carried out. In addition, a new photocrosslinking method for generation of water and acid stable chitosan nanofiber meshes is established.
Redispersible Polymer Powders with High Bio‐Based Content from Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Zanoni Arianna , Casiraghi Cora , Po Riccardo , Biagini Paolo , Sponchioni Mattia , Moscatelli Davide
Published: October 2022

Redispersible polymer powders (RDPPs), i.e., additives obtained from core–shell nanoparticles and commercialized in the form of a dry powder, find intensive application in the concrete industry. However, they are mainly produced from fossil resources. Therefore, the development of bio‐based RDPPs is important to reduce the carbon footprint of these additives. In this work, two types of core–shell nanoparticles with a high percentage of bio‐based content are synthesized and show to be good candidates as RDPPs. In the first case, up to 75% of bio‐based content is obtained by combining lauryl acrylate, derived from coconut and palm kernel oil, as main core material, with isobornyl methacrylate, coming from pine resin, exploited to create the outer harder shell. In the second case, a degradable macromonomer obtained by the ring opening polymerization of lactide using 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate as initiator is used as the core‐forming monomer to obtain degradable RDPPs. In both cases, the particles are synthesized with a two‐step emulsion polymerization process conducted in one pot and then spray‐dried to obtain the RDPPs of interest. The morphology and redispersibility of the powders are characterized. Finally, their use as concrete additives is preliminarily assessed by evaluating their effect on changes in the surface morphologies of concrete specimens.
Fully Bio‐Based Epoxy Thermoset Based on Epoxidized Linseed Oil and Tannic Acid
Authors: Reinhardt Nikita , Breitsameter Jonas M. , Drechsler Klaus , Rieger Bernhard
Published: October 2022

Increasing demand for bio‐based epoxy thermoset alternatives has risen in the last few years. Epoxidized vegetable oils (EVO) have attracted significant attention due to their bio‐based, unharmful nature and high availability. This study proposes a fully bio‐based epoxy thermoset based on epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and tannic acid (TA). TA allows, with its high degree of functionality and aromatic structure as a curing agent for ELO, to create a fully bio‐based polymer network with a high glass transition temperature (Tg), high stiffness, and high strength. A maximum Tg of 146 °C, a flexural modulus of 2986 MPa, and flexural strength of 72 MPa are obtained. The strong material properties of the TA/ELO thermoset expose its potential as a bio‐based substitute for petrochemical‐based epoxy resins for high‐performance applications.
Resolvents and complex powers of semiclassical cone operators
Authors: Hintz Peter
Published: October 2022

We give a uniform description of resolvents and complex powers of elliptic semiclassical cone differential operators as the semiclassical parameter h tends to 0. An example of such an operator is the shifted semiclassical Laplacian on a manifold of dimension with conic singularities. Our approach is constructive and based on techniques from geometric microlocal analysis: we construct the Schwartz kernels of resolvents and complex powers as conormal distributions on a suitable resolution of the space of h‐dependent integral kernels; the construction of complex powers relies on a calculus with a second semiclassical parameter. As an application, we characterize the domains of for and use this to prove the propagation of semiclassical regularity through a cone point on a range of weighted semiclassical function spaces.
G2 and S phase‐expressed‐1 induces chromosomal instability in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells and inhibits cell apoptosis through ROS/JNK signaling
Authors: Zhang Man , Wang Xianzeng , Liu Cong , Zheng Zhaoyang , Wan Junhu , Yang Ying , Chen Shuangshuang , Liu Hongchun
Published: October 2022

New diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which has high morbidity and mortality. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that cell cycle regulation related molecular G2 and S phase‐expressed‐1 (GTSE1) was dysregulated in ESCC. In this study, the ectopic expression of GTSE1 was verified in ESCC patients' tissues and cell lines. After overexpression or knockdown of GTSE1 using lentiviral transfection, the effects of GTSE1 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of ESCC cells were detected. The contribution of GTSE1 in inducing chromosomal missegregation in cells leading to chromosome instability (CIN) has been described. Long‐term existence of CIN can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in ESCC cells, followed by inhibition of apoptosis by activating the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, and this inhibition could be relieved after treatment with JNK inhibitor. In vivo experiments, we also confirmed the tumor‐promoting effect and mechanism of GTSE1 in ESCC using nude mice model. In this study, we demonstrated that GTSE1 induces CIN in ESCC cells, and increases intracellular ROS production, which leads to cellular oxidative stress, contributes to the activation of the JNK signaling pathway, and thereby inhibits apoptosis leading to ESCC tumorigenesis.