bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agamemnon’s Influence in Germany: Goethe, Schiller, and Wagner
Authors: Ewans Michael
Published: November 2023

The influence of Greek art and literature on the German writers of the eighteenth and nineteenth century was so great that E. M. Butler could fairly term it a ‘tyranny’ in the title of her famous pioneering study. Aeschylus, however, made for a long time less impression than the other two great tragic poets. Winckelmann’s verdict was enormously influential; he stated categorically that: the Fine arts have their youth as well as men; and the beginning of these arts seems to have been similar to the Wrst attempts of plastic artists, where only the pompous and the amazing can please. This was the shape taken by Aeschylus’
The Chorus of Aeschylus’ Agamemnon in Modern Stage Productions: Towards the Performative Turn’
Authors: Bierl Anton
Published: November 2023

The modern productions of Aeschylus’ Oresteia, the only surviving ancient Greek trilogy, are of pivotal importance for the renaissance of tragedy on the contemporary stage. Agamemnon can certainly be enjoyed as a play in itself, but it is evident that it also functions to expose the subject of the entire cycle to the spectators. As the chorus plays such a major role in creating this thematic basis and providing a mythical and narrative background, I think it is worthwhile concentrating on how they function in performance. Furthermore, even though I have been asked to give a survey of the German scene, I consider it necessary to transcend the geographical and cultural boundaries of Germany and consider the larger
Epilogue: Cassandra– The Prophet Unveiled Rush Rehm
Authors: Rehm Rush
Published: November 2023

To risk theatrical sacrilege, we could say that the Oresteia is alive with the sound of mantics. Prophets, prophetic utterance, gods of prophecy, oracles, and oracular sites abound.
Ritual Dynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean: Case Studies in Ancient Greece and Asia Minor
Authors: Chaniotis Angelos
Published: November 2023

One of the many monuments the Athenians proudly showed their youth and the visitors to their city was the ship with which Theseus was believed to have sailed to Crete. In the course of the centuries the ship’s wooden parts rotted, and the Athenians had to replace them, providing ancient philosophers with an unsolved puzzled: did Theseus’ ship remain the same even though its rotten components were continually being replaced? I cannot help thinking about this puzzle when I am confronted with diachronic studies on ‘the’ Mediterranean. Can the Mediterranean be a somehow distinctive object of historical and cultural study, given the continual change of its living (and therefore, ephemeral) components (human populations and their cultures, animals, and plants)? Or is the Mediterranean as a historical and cultural entity just a construct of the collective imagination of scholars who contribute to journals, books, or conferences that have the name ‘Mediterranean’ in their title? The question of the unity of the Mediterranean should be asked not only ‘vertically’ (with regard to diachronic developments); it must be asked ‘horizontally’ as well.
General Introduction: Reconceiving the Renaissance
Authors: Fernie Ewan , Wray Ramona
Published: November 2023

In Renaissance studies today, theory is everywhere. For the student entering this field for the first time, theoretically inflected thinking is impossible to avoid. The choice to engage with theory, and to interpret Renaissance literature and culture through theory, has, in effect, already been made. From gender critiques and post- colonial investigations to historicist and political explorations, theory is central to the discipline. Since the early 1980s, the transformations enacted in the wake of theory have proved both dizzying and exciting. Pre-theory, in the first half of the twentieth century and beyond, the Renaissance was often imagined as a golden age, its literature and culture a nostalgic repository of all that was ‘great and good’ about the English nation and its people.
Beyond Celebration
Authors: Das Schreckliche Mädchen Michael Verhoeven‘s
Published: November 2023

A close-knit community with skeletons in its cupboard, meddling youngsters who start asking awkward questions: these are staples of Western narrative, but also lived experience in post-1945 Germany and Austria. As screenwriter and director of Das schreckliche Mädchen (The Nasty Girl, 1989),1 Michael Verhoeven is one of a number of writers and film-makers to exploit the narrative potential inherent in any unstable consensus of silence in order specifically to expose mechanisms of shame and shamelessness in post-Nazi communities.
Documentary and Gender
Authors: Judasfrauen Helga Schubert‘s , BeFreier und Befreite Helke Sander‘s , Jenseits des Krieges Ruth Beckermann‘s
Published: November 2023

This chapter brings together a work of documentary literature, Helga Schubert‘s Judasfrauen (Judas Women), and two documentary films, Helke Sander‘s BeFreier und Befreite. Krieg, Vergewaltigungen, Kinder (Liberators take Liberties) and Ruth Beckermann‘s Jenseits des Krieges (East of War).1 As non-fiction genres, documentary literature and documentary film pose similar methodological challenges, but my analysis acknowledges that they have discrete traditions and should not be conflated uncritically. On the face of it, the subject of Sander‘s film—the rape of German women by Allied soldiers in spring 1945—bears only a tangential relationship to the representation of the Third Reich, but the film is of interest precisely because it has been read as part of a wider tendency to use German suffering to divert attention from German guilt.
Literary Silence In Beckett’s Trilogy
Authors: Loevlie Elisabeth Marie
Published: November 2023

The above comment is from an interview in which Derrida explains why he will not engage with Beckett’s text in a critical way. Of course, this refusal indicates an insight into Beckett’s work that is sharper, perhaps, than that of many lengthy analyses. Derrida’s implied suggestion is that any critical discourse on Beckett would inevitably ‘miss’ the text. Commentaries on the trilogy leave a certain sense of surplus. Left is that which slips away from any philosophical or analytical meta-discourse, that which Derrida calls the ‘signature’: ‘this remainder which remains when the thematics is exhausted’ (Derrida 1992: 61). The indication is that Beckett’s texts resist a critical response—that they are incongruous with critical discourse. This is the fundamental difficulty of any critical reading of the trilogy, namely to develop a critical framework that does not neutralize or ‘dull’ the actual effects of Beckett’s text by naming them.
Literature, Complaint, and the Ars Dictaminis
Authors: Scase Wendy
Published: November 2023

In this witty sequence from the early fourteenth-century lyric Blow Northerne Wynd, the lover’s complaint is compared with ‘pleyntes’ put in court. The lover’s traditional suffering (loss of his heart, sighing, sorrowing, danger of dying) is Literature, Complaint, and the Ars Dictaminis 171 expressed in the language proper to legal actions. The lover complains that the lady has ‘hent in honde on huerte þat myn wes’; she has ‘disseised’ him of his heart. Like some plaintiffs in the courts of the early fourteenth century, the lover invokes the language of peasant plaint to express the injustice he suffers.
Racial Virtues
Authors: Blum Lawrence
Published: November 2023

Race, or the racial domain of life, presents a very rich context of value. There are many different kinds of things that can go wrong and right in the area of race, and race and racial identities can play an important role in understandings of a just society, a good society, a good individual life, and a good life for groups. Yet, by and large, moral philosophers have given race scant attention, apart from social justice concerns such as discrimination and affirmative action. Although love, friendship, family, civic relationships, and other aspects of our interpersonal lives have increasingly drawn the attention of moral philosophers, the racial dimension of this complex domain has not.
Virtue and a Warrior’s Anger
Authors: Sherman Nancy
Published: November 2023

Marvin served as a marine in Okinawa during the Second World War. The fighting during April and May, 1945 was ferocious, with men typically spending fifteen days at the line, armed with bayonets and knives, living on three to four hours sleep, pumped with Benzedrine (speed) for those campaigns in which they had to fight for forty-eight hours straight. Battle rage still visits Martin, in anger at employers whose voice and attitude bring back the feel of being given military orders, in mini- flashbacks that transform a car that cuts him off on the road into an enemy with a one and a half ton weapon out to hurt him.
Filial Piety as a Virtue
Authors: Ivanhoe Philip J
Published: November 2023

The virtue of filial piety may seem a tad out of date to many modern Western readers, but instead of accepting this response as authoritative, we should see it as raising several issues that are part of why this topic is particularly relevant and important. The first thing to ask about such a response is, Why is it that this particular virtue might strike certain readers as less pressing or even unimportant? The fact that some may find this a natural response is not alone a good reason to accept such a view as decisive.
The Relevance Of Natural Science To Theology
Authors: Peacocke Arthur
Published: November 2023

The question of the relevance, or otherwise, of science to religion, in their intellectual and cognitive aspects, therefore remains a significant one and is not, in fact, reduced to nonsense when we introduce, as we must, the social dimension as a tertium quid-and so science itself, as it were by the back-door, in the form of the sciences of man and human society and bel,1aviour.
The Transformation Of The Scientific World-View Through Twentieth-Century Physics And Cosmology
Authors: Peacocke Arthur
Published: November 2023

It is a commonplace that the ‘immensities’ of space and time which confront man in the universe have been magnified since Galileo by orders of such magnitude that they daunt the imagination. It is less widely appreciated than it should be that twentieth-century physics has necessitated a transformation of our commonsense view of the world, a transformation fundamentally far more radical than any mere multiplication, how ever enormous, of the scale of Euclidean space and Newtonian time. For that extension of scale tends to be envisaged in ways which are derived directly from our apprehension of space and time through our senses, with the aid of instruments and clocks.
What Is Man In The Light Of The Sciences?
Authors: Peacocke Arthur
Published: November 2023

What, then, is man? In the light of the sciences, is he ‘nothing but’ a bipedal terrestrial mammal, a featherless biped, a tool making naked ape, an aggressive carnivore, a gene machine programmed to ensure the preservation of its selfish genes, a homeostatic mechanism equipped with a language-programmed computer, or a self-programmed centre of conscious activity? Clearly, these epigrams represent only an absurdly small proportion of the accounts of man which science now provides and which are admirably described in a work as comprehensive as that of J. Z.
The ‘Long Search’
Authors: Peacocke Arthur
Published: November 2023

This was the title of a notable series of BBC television and radio programmes in I917 which displayed for our reflection, as well as for the pleasures of our sight, the immensely variegated ways in which God’s meaning in the world is discerned viction, sincere faith and good will exist also outside Christianity. But all those can be called Christians for whom in life and death Jesus Christ is ultimately decisive.
Why Is Jesus Of Nazareth Relevant To Man’S Search For Meaning And Intelligibility?
Authors: Peacocke Arthur
Published: November 2023

This is the question we cannot avoid asking today, not only because of the cultural and sociological forces impelling us towards it, but also because the context in which it is raised now has been transformed during the last century as a result of the revolution in man’s understanding of the world and of himself that have resulted from both scientific inquiry and from fairly and squarely here today and we cannot avoid interpreting both the early historical experience of the first witnesses and the continuous experience this has generated.
What Is The Significance Of The Life, Death, And Resurrection Of Jesus For Man (in his search today for God’s meaning in a creation described by the natural sciences)?
Authors: Peacocke Arthur
Published: November 2023

So we ask, can we find coherent expression of any meaning that God might have expressed in Jesus the Christ which could be seen to be congruent with our understanding of the relation of God the Creator to the created world, a world most accurately now described by the sciences? In§ IV, we recapitulated some aspects of our understanding of this relation and summarized them. IOI Let us, then, consider (in reverse of the order previously given) these perceptions of the way we must now conceive of God’s action and presence in the created world in relation to those central features of our knowledge of Jesus and his impact on his contemporaries which we have just outlined.
The Future-According To Science
Authors: Peacocke Arthur
Published: November 2023

Not surprisingly, the resources of science, with its confidence in its powers of predicting natural events, have been evoked to peer into the future, generating an exercise graced with the title ‘futurology’.3 This exercise produces results of varying reliability, as we shall see-and it is not always the case that the long-term, large-scale predictions are less reliable than the short-term and small-scale.
Beginning And End In The Bible
Authors: Peacocke Arthur
Published: November 2023

There is indeed a stark contrast between the scientific picture of the end of the Earth and of the universe and those which conclude the Bible. The Revelation of John speaks30 of a ‘new heaven and a new earth’ and a ‘new Jerusalem’ whose light will be the glory of God and from which suffering and death and pain will have been expunged. The images are drawn from a rich literary tradition and the use of them is highly mythological. Indeed it is clear that the greater part of the Revelation does not place its events (perhaps they could more properly be called ‘happenings’ in the contemporary argot) on the time scale of history.
Pragmatic Analyses of Anaphoric Pronouns: Do Things Look Better in 2-D?
Authors: Breheny Richard
Published: November 2023

This paper is concerned with discourses of the form in (1), focusing on the anaphoric dependence between the pronouns in the second sentence and indefinites in the first. A man walked in the park. He whistled. I predict that a woman will be nominated for President in 2008. Furthermore, I predict she will win. The various analyses of such discourses can be classified as being either dynamic or not. Among the non-dynamic analyses, there are what will be called ‘linguistic’ and ‘pragmatic’. A major concern of the first part of this paper will be to show that among non-dynamic approaches, there is good reason to think that some kind of pragmatic account might be on the right track. Though we aim to present some strong positive evidence for the pragmatic account which is also very problematic for dynamic approaches to meaning and discourse, we will not explicitly examine the question about the preferability of dynamic versus pragmatic accounts here. Instead, we shall be interested in scrutinizing the virtues of two different pragmatic accounts. The first involves the E-type analysis of pronouns first proposed in Cooper (1979). The second, found in Stalnaker (1998), employs Stalnaker’s two-dimensional framework. In the second part we will argue that Stalnaker’s pragmatic account is, in an interesting way, too weak. We will consider and reject alternative, stronger proposals that could be made within the two-dimensional framework. We conclude, among other things, that only if pronouns can be considered to be E-type do we capture their definiteness.
Two-Dimensionalism: A Neo-Fregean Interpretation
Authors: Garcia-Carpintero Manuel
Published: November 2023

Saul Kripke’s (1980) Naming and Necessity changed the assumptions defining the philosophical landscape of its times. A well-known case in point concerns Quine’s presuppositions about quantificational modal logic. For Quine, the fact that use of this logical theory commits one to Aristotelian essentialism was enough to discredit any serious applications of it. Unlike philosophers such as Carnap, Quine doubted that there was a distinctive class of necessary truths, but he shared with them the empiricist assumption that, if one exists, it coincides with the dass of analytic and a priori truths: necessity has a linguistic foundation, ifit has any at all, which for Carnap and other empiricists meant a foundation on convention.
Introduction
Authors: Bingham Adrian
Published: November 2023

It is a platitude for journalists to claim that they write the first draft of history. Yet when it comes to preparing later drafts, historians have, in fact, generally been reluctant to examine the press for insights into the past. This book seeks to demonstrate the value of popular newspapers as a historical source by using them to explore the attitudes and identities of inter-war Britain, and in particular the reshaping of femininity and masculinity. The two decades after the Armistice of November 1918 were of major significance in the making of twentieth-century gender identities, as women and men came to terms with the upheavals of the Great War, the arrival of democracy, and rapid social change.
Reshaping the Political Sphere: The Female Voter
Authors: Bingham Adrian
Published: November 2023

Before 1914, when the suffragettes were frequently headline news, popular newspapers were divided over the issue of votes for women. The Daily Herald unwaveringly defended the militant campaign of the Pankhursts; looking back in 1925. the paper’s former editor George Lansbury was proud to recall that his staff had ‘found time to support in every possible way the women’s fight for freedom’, to the extent of harbouring activists on the run from the police. The Daily News disapproved of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU)’s use of violence, but advocated female enfranchisement in principle, as did the Express, albeit less consistently. On the other hand, the Daily Mail and the Daily Mirror generally opposed any concessions to women.
The Gendered Gaze: Fashion, the Female Body, and Sexual Morality
Authors: Bingham Adrian
Published: November 2023

From the turn of the twentieth century, the gradual acceptance of display advertising, and the evolution of techniques to reproduce photographs rapidly and cheaply, transformed the appearance of the daily newspaper. During the inter-war years, popular papers developed a recognizably modern layout as part of their drive to increase circulation. Columns of unbroken text in one typeface were replaced by a more fragmented and visually attractive format in which the reader was guided by prominent headlines and ‘cross-headers’, and articles were broken up by photographs, cartoons, and illustrated advertisements. The number of words per issue was reduced as editors filled space with appealing and striking photos and sketches.
Jokes, Poems, Understanding
Authors: Butler Christopher
Published: November 2023

A friend of the Diracs [P. A. M. Dirac, then Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge] had been surprised to find Dirac reading A Passage to India and thought it might be interesting to bring the two taciturn old men together. A tea was arranged, and an introduction effected. There was a long silence and then Dirac spoke: ‘What happened in the cave?’ Forster replied: ‘I don’t know.’ Noah finally managed to land his Ark on Mount Ararat and, when he’d let down the gangplank, the animals started to leave, led by two giraffes. Two lions followed, then two tigers. Then came four gnus.
Beyond Words: Sensation
Authors: Butler Christopher
Published: November 2023

I have introduced some of my main arguments concerning our pleasure in the understanding of narrative, and the relationship between emotional response and judgement. I now wish to build up again towards a more complex level, by looking at those elements in our pleasure in the arts which are far less accessible to language—these are imagery and sensation, abstraction from ‘reality’, and the ordering effects of ‘form’.The role of sensation in pleasurable response raises a general issue, which as we shall see, is particularly important for our appreciation of music without text and painting without (obvious) representation.
Specificity, Fantasy, and Critique
Authors: Butler Christopher
Published: November 2023

The architect Le Corbusier said that God lies in the details, and the same is true of the meaning in life to us, here, now. The smile of her child means the earth to her mother, the touch means bliss for the lover, the turn of the phrase means happiness for the writer. Meaning comes with absorption and enjoyment, the flow of details that matter to us. The problem with life then is that is has too much meaning. Consider the following not very detailed or comprehensive analogy between our learning to enjoy a work of art and learning to play a game, like tennis, where at least one of our aims is generally agreed to be that of enjoyment, rather than that of just ‘getting fit’, which would be like the pedagogic exercise involved in the challenge to understanding posed by works of art in the classroom.
Mind and Emergence
Authors: Clayton Philip
Published: November 2023

Strong claims have been made for emergence as a new paradigm for understanding science, consciousness, and religion. Tracing the past history and current definistions of the concept, Clayton assesses the case for emergent phenomena in the natural world and their significance for philosophy and theology. Complex emergent phenomena require irreducible levels of explanation in physics, chemistry and biology. This pattern of emergence suggests a new approach to the problem of consciousness, which is neither reducible to brain states nor proof of a mental substance or soul. Although emergence does not entail classical theism, it is compatible with a variety of religious positions. Clayton concludes with a defence of emergentist panentheism and a Christian constructive theology consistent with the new sciences of emergence.
An ‘Inconsistent Discourse’: Don Quixote in British Letters
Authors: Wood Sarah F
Published: November 2023

Hero of a revolution, founder of a nation, and president of a new republic, George Washington was also revered as ‘the father of mule breeding in the United States’. This may not be the most glamorous of encomiums, but it does provide us with an unusual example of cross- cultural exchange, offering an intriguing glimpse into New World perceptions of an ailing Old World power. In an article entitled ‘George Washington, Diego de Gardoqui, and Don Quixote ’, A. G. Lo Re´ discusses the General’s interest in donkey rearing and recounts the curious tale of the émigré ass. In 1784, realising that he needed to obtain ‘the finest breed of jackass’ in order to breed the best possible mules, Washington made use of his influential contacts and heroic status to procure such a creature from the king of Spain.
Transatlantic Cervantics: Don Quixote in the New Republic
Authors: Wood Sarah F
Published: November 2023

A collaboration between Hugh Henry Brackenridge and Philip Freneau during their undergraduate years at the New Jersey College, Father Bombo’s Pilgrimage to Mecca (1770) was the first of several Quixotic fictions to be written by Brackenridge Father Bombo tells the far- fetched tale of an American scholar accused of plagiarizing Lucian’s Dialogues . Reproached somewhat unaccountably by the ghost of Mahomet, he is ordered to convert to Islam and undertake a pilgrimage to Mecca in atonement for his literary theft. En route to his destination, Father Bombo travels through east-coast America and across the Atlantic Ocean, around the British Isles and on to Arabia, falling into the hands of pirates, pulling off a one-man mutiny, and barely avoiding the gallows on his way.
Private Properties, Public Nuisance: Arthur Mervyn and the Rise and Fall of a Republican Quixote
Authors: Wood Sarah F
Published: November 2023

Set in 1793, Charles Brockden Brown’s Arthur Mervyn; or, Memoirs of the Year 1793 (1799–1800) deals with another national panic, this one triggered by the yellow fever epidemic that killed around 2,500 Philadelphians and spread its deadly influence across the continent. Delineating the horrors of yellow fever and the dire effects of commercial fraud and financial speculation, Arthur Mervyn is not a self-evident candidate for the title of Quixotic fiction. Unlike Modern Chivalry or Female Quixotism , with titles that emphasize their Cervantic debt, and unlike Brown’s own Quixotic Memoirs of Stephen Calvert (1799–1800), Arthur Mervyn makes no reference to the Spaniard or his work. Brown’s yellow fever novel is nonetheless notorious for its narrative instability and its interpolated stories; it is admired for its ‘full, deliberate, and devastating’ irony, and Brown’s hero is a worthy descendant of the Spanish Don.1 Both Quixote and Mervyn are committed idealists, regarded by many as madmen, peripatetic crusaders who leave behind their farms and set about putting the world to rights, self-styled vigil- antes who become the heroes of a narrative that bears their name and relates their deeds.
Nobody’s Dulcinea: Romantic Fictions and Republican Mothers in Tabitha Gilman Tenney’s Female Quixotism
Authors: Wood Sarah F
Published: November 2023

Anonymous author of Female Quixotism (1801) and pedagogical compiler of The New Pleasing Instructor (1799), Tabitha Gilman Tenney remains a virtual enigma to contemporary critics and historians. She wrote no memoirs, left no personal papers, and elicited no biographies. Official annals, meanwhile, have overlooked the author in order to enumerate the virtues and accomplishments of Samuel Tenney, Tabitha’s husband and three times Federalist senator. Only in the diaries and memoirs of her female acquaintances have tenacious historians lighted upon a few revealing details of the author and her life. In Elizabeth Dow Leonard’s A Few Reminiscences of my Exeter Life (1878), Tabitha Tenney makes an intriguing cameo appearance when Leonard looks back to the death of George Washington:
Framing the Father: Chaucer and Virginia Woolf
Authors: Ellis Steve
Published: November 2023

Wool‘s writing on Chaucer may seem at first sight an occasional and even superficial affair, represented by only one critical piece of any length, the essay on’The Pastons and Chaucer’ that opens The Common Reader (1925). This essay indeed shows a curiously limited engagement with Chaucer, the reasons for which I shall trace below; even so, it anticipates in several of its positions a much more complex response that Woolf explores at the very end of her life, in the writing of her final novel Between the Acts (1941) and in the critical work she was concurrently pursuing.
William Worcester Writes a History of his Reading
Authors: Wakelin Daniel
Published: November 2023

IA. S. Byatt’s recent novel The Biographer‘s Tale, the eager graduate student Phineas G. Nanson is writing a biography of the deceased biographer Scholes Destry-Scholes. One day, he is excited to discover the rough papers of his elusive subject. From Destry-Scholes’s own notes concerning other authors, Nanson struggles to reconstruct Destry-Scholes’s life and, during the long hours of immersion, like many graduate students, he develops a personal fascination with his subject.
Modernist Literature: Individualism and Authority
Authors: Potter Rachel
Published: November 2023

Ford Madox Ford, in his 1905 experimental work The Soul of London, describes two kinds of city. One is the modern, anonymous metropolis, which he sees as a ‘gigantic pantheon of the dead level of democracy’. The other is Ford’s London, based on what he calls ‘personal impressions’. In The Soul of London Ford develops a new ‘impressionist’ style of writing to capture his personal London. He tries to write without using the ‘encyclopaedic, topographical, or archaeological’ techniques which he associates with a moribund democracy. Instead, he aims to represent the moment in which the visible world is apprehended. Ford’s highly subjective London is produced through a fidelity to the visual world and an ability to endow the visual image with a personal meaning.
Introduction
Authors: Rogers Pat
Published: November 2023

It is just over two hundred years since Queen Anne, the last Stuart monarch, came to the throne on 8 March 1702 . Her reign would be marked by great achievements in literature, architecture, and science for example this was after all the age of Newton and Halley, of Swift and Defoe, of Wren and Vanbrugh. But it was a time dominated by the long war with France, punctuated by the great victories of Marl- borough as well as some less auspicious events. As Anne’s reign came to an end, she was exhausted by the political and diplomatic struggles of the previous twelve years, and most of the nation greeted the Peace of Utrecht with considerable relief.
Politics
Authors: Rogers Pat
Published: November 2023

In the same breath, Windsor-Forest articulates a politics of the long term, one of the medium term, and one of the short term. The first concerns large historical issues, so much so that in dealing with them the poem replays some of the ideological con- tests of the Civil War. The second relates to the reign of Anne as it was affected by the expulsion of her father James II and the rule of her sister and brother-in-law, William and Mary. The third has to do with the immediate context of Pope’s poem, as the Utrecht settlement came before the public with predictably divisive results.
Windsor
Authors: Rogers Pat
Published: November 2023

The original fortifications at Windsor date from the time of William the Conqueror, and he is appropriately the earliest English monarch mentioned in Pope’s poem. As well as providing a defensive stronghold on the western side of London, the site had the advantage of lying close to a royal hunting forest which the Saxon monarchs had created. The castle itself underwent periodic refurbishment in the middle ages, but it was not until the reign of Edward III that massive construction took place to alter the character of the fortress. A century later, under Edward IV, the royal chapel of St George was erected in the Lower Ward.
Later Literary Contexts
Authors: Rogers Pat
Published: November 2023

Pope’s unquestioned affinity with John Dryden has led us to underrate the influence of other ‘modern’ writers on his work. These include a number of authors who were active in the post-Civil War period, some of them known personally to the young Pope’s mentors. Dryden himself has been reserved for separate attention: his main contribution to Windsor-Forest is explored in SDW, chapter 6, as this relates to the prophetic goals of the poem.
Views of Death
Authors: Currie Bruno
Published: November 2023

In Homer death is final. Death, or rather cremation, marks the end of the dead person’s involvement in the world of the living (Iliad 23.75-6).The Homeric dead are devoid of vital energy.
Hero Cult
Authors: Currie Bruno
Published: November 2023

There is near total silence on hero cult in Homer.A significant exception are the sacrifices to Erechtheus Iliad 2.547-51, Odyssey 7.80-1).Aipytos’ tomb may be a heroic one, in view of its role in defining the Arcadian national identity (Iliad 2.604). It is interesting that these two Iliadic allusions to hero cult come from the Catalogue of Ships; a further possible allusion comes between the Achaean and Trojan catalogues in the second book, with the tomb of Aisyetes (Iliad 2.7867).
Immortality in Renown: Kleos
Authors: Currie Bruno
Published: November 2023

The same point recurs in many other odes. Such passages put it beyond doubt that KYCOS is an important concept in Pindar’s odes. Yet unlike Homer, Pindar, as we have seen, makes frequent reference to hero cult (see Chapter 4).
Aristotle’s Cosmological Theory
Authors: Wilberding James
Published: November 2023

The Statesman myth (269c4–274e1) overs another world model in which the will of God is responsible for the permanence of the cosmos. Here again, the cosmos is described as an intelligent living thing constructed by a Demiurge. On this model, however, the Demiurge himself is in motion, revolving eastwards continuously, and the world itself perpetually runs through a cycle consisting of two periods. First, the cosmos is helped along by the Demiurge and moves eastward with him, and then after a designated amount of time the Demiurge lets go. No longer driven by his motion, the world begins to spin back westwards until such a time as its inborn impetus becomes so disorderly that it is in danger of destroying itself.
Deconstructing Festivals*
Authors: Slater William
Published: November 2023

A Seleukid king tells his bureaucrats to ensure that a cult of Artemis is established on an island in the Persian Gulf, and that there should be gymnic competitions; the surviving inscriptions testify to the footdragging that this insensitive missive produced for those on the spot. Cultural intrusions into the Gulf are no new thing, but this example serves to remind us that the Greek world, unlike ours, was a militant festival culture. A composite picture of a festival can certainly be drawn. A recent inscription from Kos tells us usefully that a festival comprised thusia (sacrifice), panegyris, theorodokia (festival ambassadors), and competitions. But some Hellenistic festivals did not have a real panegyris, if that means a market fair as well as a festival, let alone an expensive theorodokia, which we could translate as a marketing strategy.
Theatre Rituals
Authors: Chaniotis Angelos
Published: November 2023

The shows in the ancient theatre did not only consist of theatrical and other artistic performances. A large variety of other activities, including ritual actions, took place both on the occasion of thymelic and musical competitions and in the context of other celebrations. After presenting an overview of the religious rituals performed in theatres, this paper focusses on non-religious rituals, such as the crowning of benefactors, the announcement of honours, ceremonial entrances of magistrates and honoured persons, acclamations, speech acts, and rituals of consecration. It is argued that stereotypical formulae in honorific decrees and other inscriptions reflect rituals of communication between mortals and immortals, between subject and ruler, between mass and élite, and between citizens and foreigners. Certain clauses in inscriptions should be interpreted as ‘stage directions’ for the successful performance of rituals. Theatre rituals were perhaps not meant to be spectacles; perhaps the theatre was chosen as their setting only because of the advantages it oﬀered in a practical sense (acoustics, seats, large gatherings of people). But the choice of this particular setting, i.e. the space of thea (the watching of spectacles), sooner or later had consequences for the form of the rituals themselves.
Performance in the Pythion: The Athenian Thargelia*
Authors: Peter Wilson
Published: November 2023

Athens’ principal urban festival for Apollo, the Thargelia, has been aptly described as ‘a festival of the arts . . . second only to the City Dionysia’. Although much about the festival remains a mystery, it has received none of the sort of integrated historical and sociopolitical analysis that has been so productive for our understanding of the urban festivals of the Dionysia and Panathenaia. This chapter will initiate such analysis, with an emphasis on the performance practice of the festival as evidenced principally through epigraphy.
Sicilian Choruses*
Authors: Wilson Peter
Published: November 2023

The document David Jordan has presented here in Chapter 12 is a unique and quite extraordinary glimmer within a great darkness. As John Herington wrote of the cultural and social history of western Greece from the time of Hieron’s succession in 478 to Aiskhylos’ death in 456: ‘most of the details in the picture that are not missing . . . are obscure’. This lead tablet opens a (small, dirty and broken) window onto the festival culture of a Greek community in mid-fifth-century Sicily, almost certainly that of the flourishing city-state of Gela at its height. It gives evidence of a festival there that had choral contests, perhaps of some scale, and hints at the mechanics of their operation. In metropolitan Greece, our usual access to such precious information is by deduction (our own or that of ancient scholars) from the self-referential suggestions of ritual and choral action that can be gleaned from the surviving texts of Archaic melic poetry; or, in the case of Classical Athens, through epigraphy and the comment of contemporaries (the orators, Aristotle, and others). Virtually
Michaux between France and Belgium
Authors: Rigaud-Drayton Margaret
Published: November 2023

Michaux is perhaps best known as an explorer of the self, and his indefatigable probing of the outer reaches of consciousness has attracted critical attention since the 1940s. But little attention has been paid to his articulation of the self in relation to his double literary and national identities. In consequence, his works tend to be read as though they unproblematically find their place in either the French or the Belgian tradition, when they do not. As strong as his desire to belong in France was Michaux’s belief in his ineradicable Belgianness, and the conflicted sense of his double identity as a ‘Belge, de Paris’ haunts his works. Because of his apparent rejection of Belgium, and perhaps also for fear of marginalizing Michaux by emphasizing his peripheral origins, the issue has tended to be overlooked. However, it is not because he became a self-declared Parisian that he did not share the predicament of those non-metropolitan francophones whose works until recently had to find their place within the French tradition in order to be received without bias both in France and at home. Although he shared many of the aesthetic concerns of his French contemporaries, Michaux remained self-consciously aware of his cultural difference long after he was naturalized French.
Self and Other
Authors: Rigaud-Drayton Margaret
Published: November 2023

Far from being solipsistic, Michaux’s quest for self-knowledge embraced the outside world. Through the exploration of his differences from those set apart from himself by gender, ‘race’, or age, or indeed by historical, cultural, or social circumstances, he probed the unheimlich within. Non-Europeans, women, children, peasants, lunatics, prehistorical people, even animals and plants: nothing escaped his curiosity. As with his primitivist predecessors and contemporaries, from Rousseau to Cendrars, whose Anthologie n`egre (1921) directly inspired his Fables des origines (1923), this fascination with the otherness of others, as it were, expressed a desire to experience identity through alterity. There are no clear-cut boundaries between Self and Other in Michaux’s works. If on the one hand he emphasizes the difference of children from adults in ‘Enfants’ (1938), the first-person narrator of ‘Mes rêves d’enfant’ (1925), on the other hand, speaks with the voices of both an adult and a child.
Conclusion
Authors: Rigaud-Drayton Margaret
Published: November 2023

Michaux began his literary career with a call for Esperanto, and closed it, in Par des traits (1984), with a reflection on his search for universally expressive visual signs. But he never made any serious contributions to the artificial language movement. The ‘Rudiments d’une langue universelle ideographique contenant neufcents idéogrammes et une grammaire’ which he announced in 1938, and the failure of which he recalled in Par des traits, was probably his only properly pasigraphic project. Unfinished and unpublished, it is a lost testimony to the limits of his interest in the grammatical fine points of language-making. Aborted and long-forgotten though it may be, it nevertheless holds the key to many of the tensions underlying Michaux’s creativity. The grammar and lexis that he wished to give to his invented ideographic language suggest a certain ambivalence towards radical non-discursivity.
Training Warriors The Merits of a Physical Education
Authors: Newby Zahra
Published: November 2023

In the Wrst half of this book I have shown how Greek athletic culture gradually took an increasing hold over the spectacle and bathing culture of Roman life. Both liter- ary and visual evidence suggest a keen interest in the athletic contests which took place within public spectacles, and the desire to see one’s own exercises in the baths as in some ways parallel to those of the empire’s great sporting heroes. While con- temporary athletic festivals were thriving, athletics could also be associated with the classical past, and in particular with the cultural ideals of the Greek gymnasium. The idealized images that decorated elite villas had a number of continuities with villa display in earlier periods too, except that the contemporary interest in athletics seems to have encouraged reference to the athletic, as well as the intellectual, asso- ciations of the gymnasium.
Book Production And Distribution
Authors: Howard-Hill T H
Published: November 2023

949 Feather, John P. The English provincial book trade before 1850: a checklist of secondary sources. Oxford, Oxford bibliographical society, Bodleian library, 1981. vi,37p. 25cm. (Oxford Bib Soc Occas Puhl 16). 950 Bloomfield, Mark A. ’ References to articles in the Doncaster chronicle, 1880-4 [checklist]  in About ’ About books ; some aspects of book promotion and rejection in a late-Victorian borough library as reflected in a series of thirty-nine articles ’About books  by John Ballinger in the Doncaster chronicle, 15 October, 1880 to 9 February, 1884. [Alsager, Bloomfield], [1982]. f.14-15.
Forms, Genres, And Subjects
Authors: Howard-Hill T H
Published: November 2023

Bywater, Michael F. and B.S. Yamey. Historic accounting literature; a companion guide. London, Scolar pr.; Tokyo, Yushodo pr., 1982. 255p. 21cm. (Reprod. from typewriting). 3271 (4:6726b) Dunlop, Anna B.G. and W.T. Berry. Antiquarian book collection in the Edinburgh library of the Institute of chartered accountants of Scotland. Scott Libr Assn News 57:12-13Ja/F ’63.
British literary bibliography, 1980-1989 A bibliography
Authors: Howard-Hill T H
Published: November 2023

Index to British Literary Bibliographies Volume 9. Records descriptive bibliographies of the printed works of British authors, printing and publishing, literary forms and genres, and a variety of subjects.
Authors
Authors: Howard-Hill T H
Published: November 2023

Curtis, Tony. ‘Bibliography [of primary and secondary sources]’ in Dannie Abse. (Writers of Wales). Cardiff, University of Wales pr. on behalf of the Welsh arts council, 1985. p.155-19.
How is Moorean Value Related to Reasons for Attitudes?
Authors: Darwall Stephen
Published: November 2023

G. E. Moore famously claimed in Principia Ethica that the idea of good or intrinsic value is the single fundamental ethical idea and that all other ethical notions can be analyzed in terms of it. The right, for example, Moore defined as conduct that maximally promotes the good. (‘To assert that a certain line of conduct is, at a given time, absolutely right or obligatory is obviously to assert that more good or less evil will exist in the world, if it be adopted than if anything else be done instead’ (1993, 77, §17)). And virtue or goodness of character, he defined as ‘dispositions to perform actions which are duties’, where ‘duties are a particular class of those actions, of which the performance has, at least generally, better total results than the omissions’(1993, 221, §103)). And so on for any idea we make use of in genuine ethical judgments.
Conclusion: The Promise of Kenosis
Authors: Davis Stephen T , Evans C Stephen
Published: November 2023

For Christians, that branch of theology called Christology is perennially important. In every generation, Christians must rethink and restate their understanding of Jesus Christ. They must be able to explain in contemporary terms, both to themselves and to the unbelieving world, who Christ is. Such explanations are especially necessary in times (like ours) of Christological ferment and confusion. That rethinking must always be done, so the two of us believe, consistently with scripture and in serious conversation with the theological tradition. But it must be done: Christology is the crucial Christian doctrine.
Text and Translation
Authors: Mcgroarty Kieran
Published: November 2023

In saying that living well and eudaimonia are in the same thing, will we also be giving [a share] of them to the other living things? For if they are able to live out a life natural to them without impediment, what stops us saying that they too are [in possession of] a good life? For whether one sets the good life in good experience [5] or in the completion of one’s appropriate function, in both cases it will be available to the other living things too. For it would be possible to undergo both good experiences and to function in accordance with one’s nature; like musical animals who undergo good experiences in other ways, and, moreover, sing as is in their nature and in this way have the life preferable to them.
Saints and Suicides
Authors: Eagleton Terry
Published: November 2023

IF freedom is a curse as well as a blessing, it is because it can be used to lay waste as well as to create. This is why, like all sacred powers, it needs to be hedged round with a thick mesh of caveats and prohibitions. What is supremely valuable about it is also what is most dangerous. We might call this power to destroy an abuse of freedom, but it is an abuse which must be permanently possible if freedom is to flourish, and to this extent is part of its nature.
Italy
Authors: Campbell Gordon , Corns Thomas N
Published: November 2023

In the spring of 1638 Milton finalized his plans for a journey to Italy. There was a steady trickle of young aristocrats travelling to Italy, a precursor of the Grand Tour of the eighteenth century, but it was relatively unusual for a Protestant of Milton’s class to undertake such a journey: he was neither a merchant nor a pilgrim, and he had no particular interest in the visual arts. The journey may represent social aspirations or an escape from his family (he was unemployed and living in Horton with his recently widowed father) or from some scandal or from his father’s wish to remove him from the attentions of a government that had mutilated and imprisoned Prynne, Bastwick, and Burton, if indeed he had responded intemperately to these events; Italy offered a musical culture in which Milton was interested and learned societies to which he had access by virtue of his class, linguistic ability, and (possibly) letters of introduction.
From the Death of Oliver Cromwell to the Restoration
Authors: Campbell Gordon , Corns Thomas N
Published: November 2023

Cromwell died on 3 September 1658, the anniversary of his signal victories at Dunbar and Worcester. As in the establishment of the first Protectorate in succession to the dismissal of the Purged Parliament, Thurloe’s role was pivotal, ensuring continuity in the administration of government. Indeed, over the following months, Richard Cromwell, Oliver’s elder son and, apparently, his nominated successor, depended heavily on his close control of the apparatus of the state. He continued in his principal role as secretary to the Privy Council, a group which, under Richard, closely resembled his father’s Council.