bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRINCIPLE OF NEUTRALITY AND THE OBLIGATION TO PREVENT INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW VIOLATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF US MILITARY ASSISTANCE IN RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR
Authors: Joshua Manogar Gregory , Wulan Christianti Diajeng
Published: May 2023

Although international law forbids states to use force against each other, every state has an obligation to stop the ongoing violation of international humanitarian law. Consequently, the relevance of the traditional law of neutrality is questionable and often considered obsolete in contemporary armed conflict. The United States of America introduced the doctrine of qualified neutrality. The doctrine allows other states to do something when there is a threat or ongoing violations of the peace and security of humankind. The United States has commonly justified its military assistance to one of the warring parties using the doctrine as in the current Russia-Ukraine War. The United States provides vast military assistance to Ukraine, consisting of weapons and specialized military training to stop Russian aggression. This study aims to assess the qualified neutrality doctrine from an international law perspective and whether the United States can still preserve its neutral status or become a co-belligerent of Ukraine. This study argues that qualified neutrality will not change the status of a neutral state into co-belligerent if it does not involve any use of force measures or, otherwise, these measures shall fall within the framework of the UN Charter and require authorization from the UN.
AN EVALUATION OF THE SELECTION MECHANISM OF CONSTITUTIONAL JUDGES IN INDONESIA AND SOUTH KOREA
Authors: Satriawan Iwan , Lee Seokmin , Nur Wijayanti Septi , Hidayat Beni
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to evaluate the appointment process of Constitutional Court Judges in Indonesia. A guarantee of the judiciary independence is a foundation of a modern democratic state because a judge’s appointment depends on a selection process. Using normative and empirical legal study, the study shows that Indonesia does not have a standardized selection process among the proposing organs regarding assessment and procedure. The selection mechanism is decentralized. It relies on the proposing organs respectively. On the other hand, South Korea has a more standardized selection process, especially on confirmation hearings organized by the National Assembly. The Korean model, which emphasizes the National Assembly confirmation hearing, has strongly contributed to the selection process because it ensures transparency and accountability. The study suggests that Indonesia should seriously consider establishing a confirmation hearing system for justices like South Korea. A more transparent selection will reduce the number of corrupt public officials (justices). Unfortunately, the current Korean system also needs improvements. The suggestions include (1) separation of the ethical and professional competence evaluation phase, (2) extension of the confirmation hearing duration, (3) enhancing the requirement for witness attendance and submission of data, and (4) prohibition of the use of personal hearing data.
Implementasi Rehabilitasi Medis dan Sosial Terhadap Narapidana Narkotika Pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan
Authors: Jainah Zainab Ompu , Anggara Yoga Dwi
Published: May 2023

One of the development activities for inmates is the provision of medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation for drug offenders. Implementation of medical and social rehabilitation for drug offenders at Class II B Gunung Sugih Prison in accordance with Director General of Prisons Order No. PAS-36.OT.02.02 of 2020 about Correctional Service Standards is the focus of this research. This study examines the adoption of medical and social rehabilitation programs for drug offenders. What obstacles impede the implementation of medical and social rehabilitation programs for drug offenders? This study employs a normative and empirical legal methodology. The findings indicate: The execution of medical and social rehabilitation for drug convicts begins with an assessment of the client's concerns so that medical and social rehabilitation can be applied promptly. Acceptance occurs after determining the nature of the client's problem, as well as his or her physical, psychological, social psychological, and level of expertise, while simultaneously assigning the client to several sorts of programs. The purpose of social and skill mentoring is to improve client interaction patterns, preserve emotional stability, build a sense of responsibility and discipline, and foster the desire to become a better individual. Insufficient medical equipment and infrastructure of buildings and special rooms prevent medical and social rehabilitation from taking place. There are drug users in prison who suffer from serious diseases and a lack of family support.
Sanksi terhadap Praktik Bullying di Pesantren Kota Padangsidempuan
Authors: Mayasari Seva , Rambe Toguan
Published: May 2023

Bullying is an event that is so worrying because it occurs in educational institutions such as Islamic boarding schools. The background to the occurrence of bullying is due to the different characters of the students, their age or level of education, and the culture of their family origin. With these various differences in the background, life in Islamic boarding schools is full of diversity, but problems can also arise, one of which is bullying. The location of this research is at the Padang Sidempuan Islamic Boarding School, namely Al Ansor Padangsidempuan Islamic Boarding School and Darul Ikhlas H. Abdul Manap Siregar Padang Sidempuan Islamic Boarding School. This study aims to find out how bullying occurs in Islamic boarding schools in Padang Sidempuan City and how to deal with it. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and documentation. Data analysis is used with qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study show that the forms of bullying that occur are physical bullying, verbal bullying, psychological bullying, and social bullying. To deal with bullying that occurs in Islamic boarding schools, those schools carry out two actions: first, preventive action, which consists of Islamic boarding school religious activities; and second, repressive action, which means that if there is a complaint of bullying, the person concerned will be called to the BK room and processed. If proven guilty, sanctions will be given according to what was violated. The sanctions given are in accordance with what was agreed upon at the beginning of entering the hut. Starting from physical sanctions, summoning parents, even expulsion from the hut. So far, the two Islamic boarding schools have never reached the realm of the law (court). Most are resolved amicably or according to the rules that apply in Islamic boarding schools.
COMPORTAMENTOS PARA A SUSTENTABILIDADE QUE CONTRIBUEM PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE VERDE
Authors: Garlet Valéria , Antonio Beuron Corrêa de Barros Thiago , Da Rosa Borges Gustavo , Rejane da Rosa Gama Madruga Lúcia , Vieira Cezar Fernando , Schafer Segatto Sara
Published: May 2023

Este trabalho teve o intuito de identificar os comportamentos para a sustentabilidade dos servidores de uma instituição federal de ensino superior. O estudo caracteriza-se como qualitativo e quantitativo (pesquisa documental e método survey). Os resultados mostram os comportamentos que mais contribuem para a construção de uma universidade verde estão voltados ao âmbito individual: Já os comportamentos que menos contribuem para uma universidade verde estão voltados para o coletivo, como participar de ações sustentáveis, utilizar transporte coletivo ou compartilhar o veículo. De posse destes resultados, a instituição pode promover ações e incentivar atitudes que visem ao coletivo, seja por meio de cursos de capacitação sobre educação e gestão sustentável, seja por meio de editais de fomento que priorizem projetos voltados para a sustentabilidade. Além disso, também torna-se necessária a estruturação e organização de um setor que se encarregue das questões ambientais a nível institucional.
Impact of financial inclusion and banking characteristics on banking stability in Indonesia
Authors: Rosalina Linda , Wahyuningsih Diah
Published: May 2023

This study aims to examine the impact of financial inclusion and banking characteristics (bank size, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Non-Performing Loans (NPL)) on the stability of the Indonesian banking sector from 2009 to 2019. The sample in this research comprises 22 banks in the BUKU 3 category and 7 banks in the BUKU 4 category. The data processing method employed is panel data analysis. The fixed effect model was selected as the most suitable model for this study. This research indicates that the financial inclusion variable significantly negatively impacts banking stability due to uneven access to financial inclusion and low financial literacy regarding banking products. Additionally, banking characteristics negatively influence banking stability through the NPL and bank size variables. In contrast, the CAR variable significantly positively affects the banking stability variable. Therefore, expanding financial access through financial education about utilizing and selecting financial service products that cater to the community's needs is essential. This will enhance the benefits of financial inclusion in society and subsequently positively affect banking stability in Indonesia.
Racismo estrutural no Brasil: a luta por uma sensibilidade do mundo decolonial
Authors: Sousa Janayna Alves de , Brussio Josenildo Campos
Published: May 2023

O presente trabalho aborda questões conceituais sobre o racismo no Brasil relacionadas ao processo histórico de colonização, destacando a criação de um imaginário coletivo hegemônico, eurocêntrico, patriarcal, reproduzido pela ideologia dominante e reforçado por práticas racistas nas relações sociais. Por outro lado, trazemos a decolonialidade como uma ruptura epistemológica que procura romper com as ideologias coloniais dominantes que imperam sobre o pensamento ocidental e aponta saídas para o enfrentamento do racismo estrutural. O aporte teórico se dá pelo olhar decolonial de autores como Walter Mignolo (2017), Anibal Quijano (2009), Molefi Asante (2009), Nah Dove (2017) e Lélia Gonzales (1984) e das questões sobre raça, racismo, anti-racismo e racismo estrutural com autores como Kabengele Munanga (1999), Antônio Sérgio Alfredo Guimarães (1999), Carlos Moore (2007), Antônio Olímpio de Sant`Anna (2004). A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter exploratório e descritivo. A sociedade precisa acreditar que o racismo existe para ser combatido, ao contrário da forma velada e negacionista como se apresenta no cotidiano brasileiro. Como resultados, temos um imaginário popular para formas de racismo específicos sedimentados culturalmente por um projeto de colonização que impôs e impõe a imagem do negro com características de inferioridade nas mais diversas instituições sociais existentes: racismo estrutural, racismo institucional, racismo midiático, racismo epistêmico e racismo ambiental.
O que podem três textos literários contra o genocídio negro?
Authors: Souza Santos Glauce
Published: May 2023

A partir de leituras, aproximações e interpretações dos textos literários Da Paz, de Marcelino Freire; Alecrim, de Davi Nunes; e Quadrilha, de Lívia Natália, discuto a respeito do recorrente genocídio do povo negro. Reflito sobre o pseudodiscurso de apaziguamento e igualdade, além de pontuar as aproximações no que se refere à linguagem e discurso entre os textos dos três autores e aponto as expressões de raiva e/ou vingança e o tom de denúncia que caracterizam os textos. Articulo essa discussão aos pensamentos de Abdias Nascimento (2016), Achille Mbembe (2016), Kabengele Munanga (1999), Louis Althusser (1970), Silvio Almeida (2018).
Travessias atlânticas: juventudes negras no Brasil e em Portugal
Authors: De Moraes Cândida Andrade , De Moraes Juliana Andrade
Published: May 2023

Esse artigo apresenta parte do debate sobre Juventude no Brasil e em Portugal analisadas na pesquisa de doutoramento realizada na Universidade Federal da Bahia-Faculdade de Educação (UFBA) e na Universidade de Lisboa- Instituto de Ciências Sociais (ICS) entre os anos de 2013 e 2017 (MORAES, 2017). Problematiza as relações entre juventude negra, políticas públicas e educação em comunidades de Salvador e Lisboa tomando como referencial estudos da Sociologia da Juventude. Através de pesquisa qualitativa com inspiração etnográfica, o estudo de caso contrasta narrativas de gestores de políticas de juventude, educadores sociais, assim como de jovens negros brasileiros, portugueses e cabo-verdianos participantes de projetos de educação social. Intenta ainda dar visibilidade a retomada de políticas públicas para juventudes negras no Brasil como estratégia de enfrentamento do Estado ao genocídio da população negra brasileira.
Palavras-chave: juventude negra, políticas públicas e educação social.
Analytical beampattern synthesis for symmetric nonuniform array based on superposition principle
Authors: Shi Fei , Hu Mengkai , Dou Xiuquan
Published: May 2023

In this letter, an analytical method for the beampattern synthesis of
symmetric nonuniform array is proposed. This method consists of two
steps. In the first step, it acquires a real symmetric excitation by the
convex optimization method to attain a pencil beam. In the second step,
it superposes the pencil beams pointing in different directions to
synthesize the prescribed beampattern. Numerical results are provided to
verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Using Machine Learning and Administrative Data to Predict Premature Births
Authors: Choi Yongjin , Gil-Garcia J. Ramon
Published: May 2023

Objective. To assess the potential of using machine learning
and administrative birth data for predicting premature births.
Design. The performance of ordinary least square (OLS) and deep
neural network (DNN) classifiers for predicting low birth weight (LBW)
and preterm birth (PTB) was compared using randomly selected two million
birth records from the US CDC between 2016 and 2018. One million records
from 2016 and 2017 were used to train the classifiers, while another
million records from 2018 were utilized to test them. For hyperparameter
tuning, a grid search with varying numbers of hidden layers, class
weights on positive cases, and thresholds, was undertaken.
Setting and Population: All births in the US Methods:
ordinary least squares regression, deep neural networks Main
Outcome Measures. LBW (<2,500g) and PTB(<37 weeks)
Results. The classifiers generally showed high accuracy and specificity,
however, the DNN classifiers showed much improvement in increasing
sensitivity. Based on the results, the highest sensitivity with
comparable specificity was 0.71 for LBW and 0.65 for PTB.
Conclusion. These findings highlight that a ML approach could
benefit PCHV programs by helping identify mothers with a high risk of
premature birth. In particular, the DNN classifiers with administrative
data can provide accessible solutions for public agencies and nonprofit
organizations providing PCHV services that are not likely to possess
massive clinical data or highly accurate genetic testing equipment.
Impact of Ethanol on Continuous Inline Diafiltration of Liposomal Drug Products
Authors: Worsham Rob , Thomas Vaughan , Farid Suzanne
Published: May 2023

Liposomal drug products are playing an increasing role in the field of
drug delivery. With this increased demand comes the need to increase the
capabilities and capacity of manufacturing options. Continuous
manufacturing techniques present a significant opportunity to address
these needs for liposomal manufacturing processes. Liposomal
formulations have unique considerations that impact translation from
batch to continuous process designs. This article examines aspects of
converting to a continuous design that were previously viewed as
inconsequential in a batch process. The batch process involves the
removal of ethanol through tangential flow filtration (TFF). Ethanol was
found to reduce the permeability of the hollow fibers used for TFF. This
effect was determined to have minimal impact on the overall batch
process design but considerable influence on the design of continuous
TFF such as inline diafiltration (ILDF). Using a pilot scale setup,
ethanol was found to decrease permeability in an inverse manner to
ethanol concentration. Further assessment found that dilution of the
ethanol levels prior to diafiltration can significantly reduce the
amount of ILDF stages needed and that a continuous design requires less
buffer to the commensurate batch design.
Normal mode analysis and comparative study of intrinsic dynamics of alcohol oxidase enzymes from GMC family
Authors: Khan Mohammad Wahab , Murali Ayaluru
Published: May 2023

Glucose-Methanol-Choline (GMC) family enzymes are very important in
catalyzing the oxidation of a wide range of structurally diverse
substrates. Enzymes that constitute the GMC family, share a common
tertiary fold but < 25% sequence identity. Cofactor FAD, FAD
binding signature motif, and similar structural scaffold of the active
site are common features of oxidoreductase enzymes of the GMC family.
Protein functionality mainly depends on protein three-dimensional
structures and dynamics. In this study, we used the normal mode analysis
method to search the intrinsic dynamics of GMC family enzymes. We have
explored the dynamical behavior of enzymes with unique substrate
catabolism and active site characteristics from different classes of the
GMC family. Analysis of individual enzymes and comparative ensemble
analysis of enzymes from different classes has shown conserved dynamic
motion at FAD binding sites. The present study revealed that GMC enzymes
share a strong dynamic similarity (Bhattacharyya coefficient
>90% and root mean squared inner product
>52%) despite low sequence identity across the GMC family
enzymes. The study predicts that local deformation energy between atoms
of the enzyme may be responsible for the catalysis of different
substrates. This study may help that intrinsic dynamics can be used to
make meaningful classifications of proteins or enzymes from different
organisms.
Local adaptation despite gene flow in copepod populations across salinity and temperature gradients in the Baltic and North Seas
Authors: Diaz Juanita , Stern David , Lee Carol Eunmi
Published: May 2023

Global climate change is threatening aquatic organisms with rapid
changes in habitat salinity and temperature. In response to such
changing conditions, adaptation could rescue populations from
extinction. Gene flow is a key factor that could either promote or
hinder local adaptation, with either beneficial or maladapted alleles
immigrating from elsewhere. This interplay between local adaptation and
gene flow has not been fully explored in passive dispersers, such as
plankton. Thus, we investigated patterns of gene flow and genomic
signatures of local adaptation in populations of the copepod Eurytemora
affinis spanning natural salinity and temperature gradients in the
Baltic and North Seas. Based on whole-genome sequencing of 11
populations, we found population genomic signatures of selection
associated with salinity and temperature gradients in both seas,
indicating local adaptation, with ‘ion transmembrane transport’ as the
most enriched gene ontology category under selection. Interestingly, the
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with responses to
salinity and temperature were uncorrelated. We found clear population
structure between the Baltic and North Seas, along with signals of
admixture between populations, consistent with the presence of gene flow
both within and between the seas. Our results suggest that gene flow of
beneficial alleles from across the environmental gradients could provide
the genetic substrate for populations to adapt to future climate change.
Interactions between DC-SIGN and the envelope protein from Dengue and Zika viruses: a structural perspective based on molecular dynamics and MM/GBSA analyses
Authors: Neto Daniel de Lima , Menechino Bruno Stein Barbosa , Kato Rodrigo , Franz Helena Cristina Ferreira , Silva Pedro Eduardo Almeida da , Corat Marcus
Published: May 2023

Zika virus (ZIKV) and Dengue Virus (DENV) share a lot of similarities,
being both flaviviruses and neglected tropical diseases that cause a
worldwide burden that is increasing with climate change. Studying the
interactions of cell recptors and viruses is essential to further the
knowledge and development of ways to prevent and control flaviviral
diseases. An important interaction occurs between the envelopeof the two
viruses and a protein on the surface of immune cells, called DC-SIGN. We
describe this interaction in a structural comparison involving homology
modeling of these proteins, guided docking based on deposited
crystallography, molecular dynamics of the docked complexes and for the
decomposition of interacting residues we employed an analysis of the
surface area accessible by the Generalized Bourne method. The region of
interest for the discussion is predominantly electropositive in the DENV
envelope, but when comparing the same region in the ZIKV envelope, we
can observe that there is a decrease in charges, not to the point of
making the region electronegative as a whole, but enough for the
surroundings of the interaction region to become neutral with
electronegative trends. These results suggest better interaction of ZIKV
with the DC-SIGN receptor, particularly in the CRD portion
Fascial turnover flap - an effective method to resolve cartilage exposure after autologous microtia reconstruction
Authors: Vlahović Aleksandar , Urosević Aleksandar , Zivković Milana
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Microtia presents a congenital ear deformity ranging from a minor and barely visible defect to a complete absence of the ear. Currently, there are three options for ear reconstruction: autologous costal cartilage, silicon prothesis, and prosthetic ear. Ear reconstruction with autologous costal cartilage is usually performed in two stages. During the first stage, the cartilaginous framework is fabricated and placed under the skin, in the anatomical position of the ear. In the second stage, the elevation of the frame is performed. During these procedures, complications such as vascular compromise of the skin envelope can occur. Cartilage exposure can lead to its resorption and distortion, leading to an unsatisfactory anatomical result, and this should be resolved as soon as possible. Cartilage exposure at the convex part of the frame is especially problematic. The goal of this paper is to show that fascial turnover flap is a safe method to deal with cartilage exposure as a complication. Outlines of cases. We present two patients with anotia and hemifacial microsomia. Both underwent autologous cartilage microtia repair. In both patients, the cartilage exposure at the convex part of the ear was revealed as a complication. Fascial turnover flap has been used to resolve this complication in both patients. Conclusion. Fascial turnover flap is a safe method to deal with cartilage exposure after microtia reconstruction with autologous cartilage.
Migration of biliary endoprosthesis - case report and literature review
Authors: Milosavljevic Vladimir , Tadic Boris , Grubor Nikola , Eric Dragan , Toskovic Borislav
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The most common indications for placing a biliary stent are benign and malignant diseases that interfere with the normal flow of bile through the extrahepatic bile ducts. This procedure carries the risk of developing early and late complications. Case outline. We present a case of a 63-year-old female patient admitted to our hospital for additional diagnostics and treatment. At admission the patient reported the onset of the following symptoms several days prior to hospitalization: severe abdominal pain, predominantly in the upper quadrants, nausea, vomiting, and icterus. With the initial idea of carrying out non-surgical treatment of this condition, the patient was referred for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the purpose of endoscopic calculi extraction. However, due to technical difficulties, the aforementioned procedure was not carried out. Instead, upon endoscopic papillotomy, a plastic biliary stent was placed. The second day after the procedure, the patient reported passing dark stools. After that, an esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed, which revealed a biliary stent in the duodenum, but without active bleeding. As part of the same procedure, the biliary stent was removed, and the next day the patient underwent surgical treatment. Conclusion. In order to prevent and reduce the incidence of adverse effects and complications, special caution should be applied when performing the procedure. It is even more important to timely recognize the occurrence of complications and to treat them promptly, in order to achieve the best treatment outcomes possible.
Efficacy of aloe vera and probiotic mouthwashes vs fluoride mouthwash onStreptococcus mutansin plaque around brackets of orthodontic patients: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: D S Nisha , Sebastian Biju , Kalappurakkal Rishad , Kirubakaran Richard
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To compare efficacy of aloe vera and probiotic mouthwashes vs fluoride mouthwash on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in the plaque of orthodontic patients and to assess patient-reported outcomes and compliance.

Materials and Methods

This prospective randomized clinical trial included 90 patients aged 12–35 years and in permanent dentition, who were randomly allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to three mouthwash groups: aloe vera, probiotic, or fluoride. Smartphone-based applications were used to improve patient compliance. The primary outcome was the change in S. mutans levels in plaque between two times: pre-intervention and after 30 days using real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). Secondary outcomes were the evaluation of patient-reported outcomes and compliance.

Results

Mean differences between aloe vera vs probiotic: −0.53 (95% CI: −3.57 to 2.51), aloe vera vs fluoride: −1.99 (95% CI, −4.8 to 0.82), and probiotic vs fluoride: −1.46 (95% CI: −4.74 to 1.82) were not significant, P = .467. Intragroup comparison demonstrated a significant mean difference in all three groups of −0.67 (95% CI: −0.79 to −0.55), −1.27 (95% CI: −1.57 to −0.97), and −2.23 (95% CI: −2.44 to −2.00) respectively, P < .001. Adherence was above 95% in all groups. No significant differences in frequency of responses to patient-reported outcomes were found among groups.

Conclusions

No significant difference in efficacy among the three mouthwashes in reducing S. mutans level in plaque was found. Patient-reported assessments concerning burning sensation, taste, and tooth staining found no significant differences among mouthwashes. Smartphone-based applications can help improve patient compliance.
Adaptvurder: Study Protocol for an Upcoming Adaptive Reading Test
Authors: Bakken Arild Michel , Gourvennec Aslaug Fodstad , Walgermo Bente Rigmor , Solheim Oddny Judith , Foldnes Njål , Uppstad Per Henning
Published: May 2023

Effective reading instruction requires precise assessment of the learner’s current skill level. For young learners, however, assessment often comes at a great cost: Tests take a long time and students are presented with items that are both too easy and too difficult. Recent developments in adaptive testing have the potential for solving both these challenges. In this paper, we take the path of argument-based validity (Kane, 2015) by presenting an interpretation and use argument for an upcoming adaptive test. We term this paper a study protocol, in line with the established tradition for protocols for pre-registered empirical trials. The function of the protocol is to communicate openly what often remains tacit knowledge on test development.
Determinants of Return on Assets
Authors: Karadayi Nilgun
Published: May 2023

The aim of this research is to identify the factors impacting the return on assets of privately owned deposit banks in Turkiye and to examine these banks by comparing their net profits, total assets, loans, deposits and non-interest incomes. Equity, deposit, loan, liquidity and non-interest income ratios were used as factors affecting the return on assets. Panel data analysis was made by applying R-Studio Program. According to analysis results, it was determined that the liquidity and non-interest income ratio had a positive impact on the return on assets. It was concluded that the negative impact of equity on return on assets.
Near Ambient Superconductivity by 15N as Needles in the Haystack: Lower Temperatures and Pressures for Possible 15N Enrichment in LuH2
Authors: Little Reginald B.
Published: May 2023

The author has previously noted the effects of stable isotopes having different nuclear magnetic moments on chemistry, catalysis, biochemistry, thermodynamics, optics, superconductivity and more [1]. In this controversy surrounding reported room temperature superconductivity at near ambient pressures by nitrogen doped lutetium hydride, the author hopes to convince and reason that the different synthesis conditions of the original work of Dias and coworkers [2] at low temperature, mild pressures, diamond anvil cell compression and prolong annealing may lead to selective doping of the lutetium hydride by 15N. The later attempted replication of Dias and coworkers by Hai-hu Wen and coworkers [3] may have caused different outcomes as Hai-hu Wen and coworkers appeared to try Dias work and then switched to a different synthetic method whereby Wen and coworkers instead applied high pressures and high temperatures to the reacting hydrogen, nitrogen and lutetium to produce a nitrogen doped lutetium hydride with similar lattice structure as the originally reported by Dias and coworkers [2] but lacking observed superconductivity and evidence of superconductivity by diamagnetism. The author here by his theory notes the possibility that the different later high pressure, high temperature synthesis by Wen and coworkers doped their sample with 14N rather than 15N as originally enriched in Dias’s sample. Thereby the author notes by his theory [1] that whereas 15N doped lutetium hydride manifests higher superconductivity due to its negative nuclear magnetic moment (NMM), the 14N doped lutetium hydride should not manifest superconductivity at the higher temperatures due to its positive NMM.
Language Production among Multilingual Children: Insights on Code Mixing
Authors: Situmorang Maria Klara Timorina , Mono Umar , Perangin-angin Alemina Br
Published: May 2023

Code mixing is a common phenomenon in today's society, occurring in various settings such as schools, buses, and offices. This refers to the use of more than one language element (code) by multilingual speakers. The purpose of this research is to identify the types and forms of code mixing used by students and to analyze the factors involved. Code mixing utterances are classified into three types: insertion, substitution, and congruence. This study uses a qualitative method to analyze code mixing among five multilingual students aged 4-5 years. The results showed that in one international school class there were 20 code-mixed utterances which involved mixing Mandarin, Indonesian into English. Of these incidents, 14 of them were insertion code mixing. This indicates that the most common type of code mixing among multilingual children is code insertion mixing, in which non-matrix language words and phrases (Chinese and Indonesian) are inserted into the matrix (English). This is due to the fact that the children come from different ethnic backgrounds and some speak Mandarin as their mother tongue.
Humanitarian Calls For Blood Donation: Construction of Binary Message on @pmikotabogor
Authors: Setiawan Koesworo
Published: May 2023

The blood stock of the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) is running low due to restrictions on community activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. The decline in stock was exacerbated by the public's view that the transfusion process had been contaminated with the virus. The study used Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic analysis to examine the structure of messages on @pmikotabogor. During 2020, there were posted 896 contents. Through the categorization process, 22 relevant content (graphic) posts were obtained answering research questions, which two of them became the unit of analysis. Content as a sign was constructed through Saussure's binary opposition principal which are selection (paradigmatic axis) and combinations (syntagmatic axis). The results showed, to deal with a critical situation, PMI Bogor City conveys a “humanity call” to the public through two types of messages, namely “call for blood donors” and “safety” during blood transfusions.
Dinamika Perkembangan Jurusan Sejarah Sebagai Lembaga Akademik Tahun: 1954-2018 dari PTPG ke UNP
Authors: Chandra Yola Maiza , Zed Mestika , Aisiah Aisiah
Published: May 2023

This article talks about the history department as the oldest department at Padang State University. This research tries to explain the development of the history department starting from the formation of the history department since the PTPG Batusangkar period to the UNP. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of the Department of History as the oldest department. This research was conducted using the method of historical writing consisting of four stages of source collection (heuristics), sources of criticism (verification), concluding reliable testimony (interpretation), and final writing (historiography). The results of this study indicate that the Department of History is one of the departments sheltered by the Faculty of Social Sciences since 1999 at Padang State University until now. The history department is one of the oldest departments that was also formed with five other departments during the PTPG Batusangkar. These higher education institutions experienced changes that could be classified in four periods, namely: 1) the initial period of the PTPG Batusangkar in 1954-1956; 2) Transition period, namely FKIP Unand Bukittinggi in Batusangkar 1956-1958, FKIP Andalas University Padang in 1958-1964, IKIP Jakarta-Padang Branch, 1964-1965; 3) IKIP Padang period as Stand Alone Institution in 1965-1999; 4) the period of Padang State University (UNP) in 1999-present. As one of the oldest majors at UNP, the history department has undergone many changes from time to time. Both in terms of physical and non-physical. Physical changes can be seen and felt useful by the Department of History such as lectures, offices, departments and other lectures. While for non-physical facilities, the history department has teaching staff and administrative staff who can support the smooth running of the history department. Since last year, the Department of History has accredited A from the National Accreditation Agency for Higher Education (BAN-PT), precisely in 2017
Pemanfaatan Museum Adityawarman sebagai Salah Satu Sumber Pembelajaran Sejarah Bagi Siswa SMA Don Bosco Padang
Authors: Mursi Avi Dwi , Zafri Zafri , Ofianto Ofianto
Published: May 2023

The Museum is an institution that is fixed, not profiteers, serve the community, open to the public, and linking as well as show off their historical heritage objects for purposes of study, research and recreation. The Museum can be said as a communication tool for culture an area, because after looking at the existing collections in the museum that we can know the results of hsil cultures that exist in area. Learning resource is any object, person or environment that can be used as a tool to clarify the understanding of the students in the teaching-learning activities. The Museum belongs to the learning resources that are utilized. This is caused in the museum there are numerous sources that serve to describe an object that serves to review learning objectives. This research was carried out in the Adityawarman Museum and Don Bosco High School. This research is qualitative research. The qualitative approach could be done by way of observing social symptoms directly observed, so that the writer can describe the actual situation so as to support and strengthen the qualitative data obtained through observation and interview. Relating to research conducted by the author at the Adityawarman Museum, the author would like to see how the Adityawarman Museum this can be utilized as a source of historical learning by learners and teachers in history Don Bosco High School
Menguatkan Kembali Nilai Multikulturalisme dan Persatuan Bangsa melalui Pembelajaran Sejarah
Authors: Purwasatria Mohamad Ully
Published: May 2023

Artikel ini dilatarbelakangi oleh memanasnya kondisi masyarakat Indonesia saat ini yang dimulai oleh pemberitaan ricuhnya antar pendukung sepak bola yang menimbulkan korban, kemudian panasnya kontestasi politik pemilihan umum tahun 2019 yang menyebabkan terpecahnya pendukung, banyaknya isu hoax yang beredar menyinggung SARA ini menjadi ancaman serius untuk keutuhan bangsa Indonesia saat ini. Perlunya tindakan preventif dari semua pihak agar permasalahan ini tidak memperparah bahkan sampai membubarkan NKRI. Salah satu upaya nyata adalah menguatkan kembali nilai multikulturalisme dan persatuan Bangsa mengingat komposisi masyarakat Indonesia cukup beragam suku, ras, agama dan antar golongan lainnya. Maka dalam mewujudkan usaha tersebut, pembelajaran sejarah dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk menguatkan kembali nilai multikulturalisme dan persatuan bangsa. Pembelajaran sejarah berbasis multikulturalisme dapat dilakukan secara leluasa dengan landasan Kurikulum 2013 yang memuat nilai-nilai dan guru dapat merumuskan nilai multikulturalisme dan persatuan bangsa melalui beberapa materi seperti masa pergerakan nasional, dan sumpah pemuda. Selain itu, pendekatan pembelajaran melalui diskusi dengan membentuk kelompok belajar siswa dapat menguatkan nilai multikuturalisme dan persatuan bangsa.
Kelebihan Aplikasi Edmodo Dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah Di Sma Negeri 3 Bukittinggi
Authors: Deswara Rahmatul Atika , Zafri Zafri
Published: May 2023

Utilization of technology in the learning process encourages the creation of a variety of learning media that teachers can choose to use in effective learning. This is in accordance with Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 65 of 2013 which states that each teacher is required to apply information and communication technology in an integrated, systematic and effective manner. In formal and regular learning, it has implemented an online learning system created and used by educational institutions or institutions in the form of e-learning systems. One of the e-learning learning applications is the Edmodo application.This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The object of research that the writer will examine is the students of SMA Negeri 3 Bukittinggi, class XI IPS 2, who are registered in semester 1 of T.A 2019/2020. The instrument used was a Likert Scale model questionnaire. The data that has been collected is then scanned and the frequency is calculated.
Pemberitaan tvOne dan Metro TV dalam Pilpres 2014
Authors: Kurniawan Vicky , Naldi Hendra
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini merupakam penelitian sejarah yang menggunakan studi komparasi dan konten analisis untuk membandingkan pemberitaan antara tvOne dan Metro TV dalam PILPRES 2014. Tahun 2014 merupakan PILPRES pertama yang hanya menghasilkan dua pasang kandidat, yaitu Prabowo-Hatta dan Jokowi-JK Media televisi seperti tvOne dan Metro TV saling memberitakan dukungan masing-masing kandidat. Aburizal Bakrie adalah Ketum Partai Golkar dan pemilik tvOne yang merupakan pendukung Prabowo-Hatta, sementara Surya Paloh, pemilik Metro TV, adalah ketua umum partai NasDem dan secara terbuka mendukung pencalonan Jokowi-JK.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah, yaitu (1) heuristik, mencari dan menemukan data dalam bentuk siaran berita di tvOne dan Metro TV dalam PILPRES 2014, berita di situs nasional yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan dan wawancara dengan berbagai pihak, (2) kritik sumber, dengan membuktikan apakah sumber tersebut dapat digunakan, (3) interpretasi data yang telah dikumpulkan, (4) historiografi menulis penelitian ilmiah.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah, Pertama, ada perbedaan pemberitaan antara tvOne dan Metro TV dalam PILPRES 2014, perbedaannya terletak pada konten berita, durasi berita dan bahkan perbedaan dalam hasil quick count di mana tvOne memenangkan Prabowo-Hatta dan Metro TV memenangkan Jokowi-JK serta penyebab perbedaan berita dari dua televisi berita swasta terbesar di Indonesia tersebut.
Perbandingan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Student TeamsAchievements Divisions (STAD) dan Course Review Horay (CRH) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Kelas XI IPS SMA N 1 Gunung Talang
Authors: Malvy Veryola , Zafri Zafri
Published: May 2023

This research is motivated by the initial findings of researchers related to the low student learning outcomes and the weaknesses of the learning model applied by history subject teachers at SMA N 1 Gunung Talang, this is seen from the lack of mastery of student material. That is caused by the learning methods used by teachers are less effective. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in learning outcomes of the two learning models applied to different classes, namely the Student Teams-Achievement Achievement Division (STAD) and Course Review Horay (CRH) learning models on history subjects at SMA N 1 Gunung Talang. This study used an experimental method with a postest only control design. The population in this study were students of Class XI of SMA N 1 Gunung Talang, the sample of this study was Class XI IPS 3 as an STAD class I and Class XI IPS 4 as an CRH class. Data collection was carried out by means of posttest using 13 items of objective questions. Data analysis using normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing (t test)). Based on the results of the study, the STAD class grade score obtained by the Student Teams-Achievements Division (STAD) learning model was 78,96 with a standard deviation of 13,88 and the average in the CRH class with the Course Review Horay (CRH) learning model was 70,52 with a standard deviation of 16,68. Based on the results of hypothesis testing using t-test (t-test) at the real level α = 0.05, obtained tcount = 2,19 and ttable = 2,000 so tcount> ttable, then the Ha hypothesis in this study was accepted and rejected Ho. It can be concluded that the learning model of Student Tem-Achievements Division (STAD) and Course Review Horay (CRH) influences student learning outcomes and mastery of student material in history subjects at SMA N 1 Gunung Talang in the 2019/2020 school year
Pengembangan Soal Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Pada Materi Sumpah Pemuda Dan Jati Diri Keindonesiaan di SMA Pembangunan Laboratorium Universitas Negeri Padang
Authors: Oscar Nofrialdi , Ofianto Ofianto
Published: May 2023

The problem in this research is thinking ability Higher Order Thinking Skills (Hots) of students who are still low on history subjects. It can be seen from the learning outcomes of students that are still low.Therefore, the researcher wants to develop the matter of history on the learning material "Sumpah Pemuda dan Jati Diri Keindonesiaan" in Senior High School of Pembangunan Laboratorium Padang State University. This type of research is Research and Development. The development design used is a formative research design guided by Tessmer, which is divided into four stages: preliminary, self-evaluation, prototyping and field test. The subjects used were students of class XI Senior High School of Pembangunan Laboratorium Padang State University. Data was collected by conducting a series of tests on the subject in the form of test and validation instrument sheets. Data collection techniques used are tests. The instruments used in this research are test instruments and validation sheets. The accuracy of the validator's assessment on the validation blank is correct or not based on content (curriculum and material), constructs (characteristics/ HOTS indicators), and language (in accordance with applicable rules/ EYD). From the results of the study it was found that the test instrument used was in accordance with the criteria at the prototype and field stages. Va value generated is 4.13 with the category "Valid" on the instrument. The instrument is known to be reliable 0.786 with a "high" classification. Each question is feasible to use with the difficulty level "Medium" and "Easy" and there is no distinguishing power of "Very Bad". The test instrument produced was classified as good with 11 items.
Radio Luhak Nan Tuo FM: Dari UPT Ke Lembaga Penyiaran Publik Lokal (LPPL) di Tanah Datar (2004-2018)
Authors: Yulia Anisa , Naldi Hendra
Published: May 2023

This research is to determine the history and development of Luhak Nan Tuo FM radioin Tanah Datar District, in a context that is focused on changing the status from UPTto LPPL. This research is important because Luhak Nan Tuo FM radio a role as a centerfor disseminating local information in Tanah Datar District. The method used is ahistorical method which consists of four stages namely heuristics, source criticism,interpretation and historiography. The results of this study see the development of LuhakNan Tuo FM radio which is divided into three periods,that is: First, the beginning ofthe birth of Luhak Nan Tuo FM radio which emerged due to the absence of specialmedia between the goverment and the community in Tanah Datar District. Secondly, theinitial development of Luhak Nan Tuo FM radio (2004-2008) with the status of theTechnical Implementation Unit. Thirdly, the development of programs and technicalbroadcasting of Luhak Nan Tuo radio (2008-2018) with the status of Local PublicBroadcasting Intitutions.
Pelaksanaan Metode Karyawisata pada Pembelajaran Sejarah Kelas X IPS 2 di SMA Negeri 3 Bukittinggi
Authors: Utari Utari , Zafri Zafri
Published: May 2023

This research is motivated by the implementation of the field trip method by history subject teacher in Bukittinggi Senior High School, but there are still some steps in the field trip that are not yet in line with the theoretical field trip steps. This study aims to determine the appropriateness of the implementation of the field trip method carried out at Bukittinggi Senior high school by the history teacher with the theoretical field trip method steps. The subject of this research is the history teacher at Bukittinggi Senior High School. The method used in this study is an evaluative method with type of qualitative research. The results showed that in general the steps of the field trip had been carried out by the teacher well, but there weresome things that were not ideal, including : 1) the teacher had not clearly stated the purpose of the field trip method, this was related with conceptual skills not maximal from the teacher. 2) the teacher has not involved the child in determining the object of the field trip in the PjBL, This is caused by human skill factors that are applied by the teacher is still not optimal.