bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impactful Academic: Relational Management Education as an Intervention for Impact
Authors: Anderson Lisa , Ellwood Paul , Coleman Charlotte
Published: January 2017

We widen the scope of the impact debate by extending Boyer's theorization of scholarship through Denyer, Tranfield and van Aken's CIMO framework to propose relational management education as an intervention that creates the generative mechanism of co‐production and subsequent impact. In so doing, we propose a new conceptualization of academic impact that occurs through teaching and is situated within a community of inquirers. We offer a critique of current thinking, dominated by the idea that the research paper is the most appropriate unit of analysis by which to measure the excellence and impact of research. We examine the notion of the gap between academics and practitioners and argue that the impact agenda should be widened to include a consideration of how management academics can become impactful through their teaching of practitioners, broadly defined to include the whole range of learners associated with business schools. We propose that for management research to have the potential to change these practitioners, an engagement with knowledge is needed, and that this involves more than translation but the creation of new ideas. Such impact can be brought about by a disruption of, and challenge to, thinking engendered by an approach to management education that we term relational.
Embedding Impact in Engaged Research: Developing Socially Useful Knowledge through Dialogical Sensemaking
Authors: Cunliffe Ann L. , Scaratti Giuseppe
Published: January 2017

This paper explores how we can embed impact in research to generate socially useful knowledge. Our contribution lies in proposing a form of engaged research that draws upon situated knowledge and encompasses dialogical sensemaking as a way of making experience sensible in collaborative researcher−practitioner conversations. We draw attention to the intricacies of doing socially useful research and illustrate how five conversational resources can be used within dialogical sensemaking through an example of a research project in which impact and relevance were embedded and where researchers and practitioners worked together to resolve an important social and organizational issue.
Reading nonfiction text on an iPad in a secondary classroom
Authors: Cardullo Victoria , Zygouris‐Coe Vassiliki “Vicky” I. , Wilson Nance S.
Published: January 2017

The intent of this research was to investigate the experiences of eighth grade readers as they read nonfiction text on an iPad for academic purposes. We investigated reading strategies that students use to support their reading as well as what role iPad features played in the reading process. New literacies, metacognition and transactional theories informed the framework. Multiple data sources were used to triangulate findings and included (a) retrospective think alouds, (b) student iPad survey, (c) pre and post study student interviews, (d) Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory and (e) student observations. Data for the collective case study participants focused on the identification of proficient readers who displayed confidence, competency, and control over text. Themes identified in the collective case studies included (a) reading comprehension strategies, (b) nonfiction features and (c) iPad features to support their reading of nonfiction on the iPad.
Visualizing Risk: Drawing Together and Pushing Apart with Sociotechnical Practices
Authors: Petersen Katrina
Published: January 2017

This paper examines the relationship between collaborative disaster mapping and conceptions of risk. It looks at the practice of mapmaking during the 2007 wildfires in Southern California to explore sociotechnological issues in creating a shared understanding. By comparing and contrasting how two different, yet intertwined, maps were made this paper focuses on how the sociotechnical acts of alignment necessary for the production of the maps change how risk, threat and uncertainty are approached. One mapmaking practice pulled the actors into a more centralized alignment producing risks related to managing authority and security. The other provided a more distributed collaboration and produced risks related to public trust and consistency. This paper argues that mapmaking is characterized as a messy, distributed network of knowledge production in which the meaning of risk emerges through the collaborations that evolve in making sense of the wildfires, not as an a priori definition.
Visualizing Indented Writing on Thermal Paper by the Controlled Application of Heat
Authors: Johnson Matthew , Bond John W.
Published: January 2017

Indented writing on thermal paper made with either one, two, or three sheets of paper above the thermal paper has been visualized by the controlled application of heat to the thermal paper at temperatures below the paper's normal color change temperature. Indentations created by applying a variable pressure to a steel letter stamp showed that, with one sheet above the thermal paper, indentations were more visible at lower pressures than with either two or three sheets above. Handwriting from 20 volunteers produced indented writing graded with most of the text clear and easy to read for all samples with one sheet above, half the samples with two sheets above and eight samples with three sheets above. Comparison with ESDA showed that, with three sheets above, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01), with heating producing more samples than ESDA with most of the text clear and easy to read.
Site‐, Technique‐, and Time‐Related Aspects of the Postmortem Redistribution of Diazepam, Methadone, Morphine, and their Metabolites: Interest of Popliteal Vein Blood Sampling
Authors: Lemaire Eric , Schmidt Carl , Dubois Nathalie , Denooz Raphael , Charlier Corinne , Boxho Philippe
Published: January 2017

Sampling site, technique, and time influence postmortem drug concentrations. In 57 cases, we studied drug concentration differences as follows: subclavian vein‐dissection/clamping versus blind stick, femoral vein‐dissection/clamping versus blind stick, right cardiac chamber, and popliteal vein‐dissection and clamping only. Cases were distributed in group #1 (all cases with both techniques), group #2 (dissection/clamping), and group #3 (blind stick). Sampled drugs were diazepam, methadone, morphine, and their metabolites. To assess PMR, mean concentrations and ratios were calculated for each group. Time‐dependent variations of blood concentrations and ratios were also assessed. Results indicate that site, method, and time may influence postmortem distribution interpretation in different ways. Popliteal blood seems less subject to PMR. In conclusion, our study is the first to evaluate concurrently three main aspects of PMR and confirms that the popliteal vein may represent a site that is more resistant to the changes seen as a result of PMR.
Does Peritoneal Protein Transport Increase with Peritoneal Dialysis Therapy Duration and Lead to Extracellular Water Overload in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients?
Authors: Goodlad Cate , Davenport Andrew
Published: January 2017

Faster peritoneal transport status has been associated with adverse outcomes for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Peritoneal protein clearance, through large pores, may be a surrogate marker of local inflammation. We wished to determine whether peritoneal protein transport increased with PD duration or was associated with extracellular water (ECW) expansion. We studied the relationships between 4 h Dialysate (D)/Serum (S) protein and ECW excess, using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance assessments, in 103 PD patients with up to 4 years of prospectively collected peritoneal equilibrium test (PET) results. 4 h PET D/S total protein and creatinine ratios were stable over time (K‐W test, P = 0.063 and P = 0.3357, respectively). The initial PET 4 h D/S creatinine and D/S total protein correlated with ECW excess (r = 0.33, P = 0.003, and r = 0.27, P = 0.019, respectively), but thereafter there was no association. CRP and albumin did not correlate with 4 h D/S creatinine or total protein. Serial 4 h D/S total protein and 4 h D/S creatinine correlated all time points (P < 0.001). At the start of PD therapy, over‐hydration (ECW excess) was observed with higher 4 h D/S creatinine and 4 h D/S total protein ratios, suggesting initial exposure to PD fluids causes faster transport. Thereafter changes in peritoneal creatinine and total protein transport mirrored each other suggesting that similar factors lead to changes in both small and large pore transport, and there was no sustained increase in larger pore transport with therapy time.
The Correlation Between In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Immunomodulatory Activity of Enzymatic Hydrolysates from Selenium‐Enriched Rice Protein
Authors: Fang Yong , Chen Xi , Luo Peizhu , Pei Fei , Kimatu Benard Muinde , Liu Kunlun , Du Mengjia , Qiu Weifen , Hu Qiuhui
Published: January 2017

The antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of selenium‐enriched rice protein hydrolysates (Se‐PH) were evaluated by a cellular antioxidant activity test and macrophage proliferation and phagocytosis assays, respectively. The results showed that trypsin hydrolysate provided the highest proliferation rate of 60.91% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Moreover, a remarkable rise in the phagocytosis rates for trypsin hydrolysate (64.1%) and pepsin–trypsin hydrolysate (54.5%) was observed when the sample concentrations were increased to 50 μg/mL. A positive correlation was found between the phagocytic ability of macrophages and both the selenium concentration and the degree of hydrolysis of Se‐PH, and the correlation coefficients R obtained were 0.792 and 0.930 (P < 0.05), respectively. The capacity of Se‐PH to inhibit the oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescein had a significant negative correlation with the phagocytic ability of macrophages (R = –0.840, P < 0.05). In conclusion, a positive correlation was found between the antioxidant activity and the immunomodulatory activity of Se‐PH, which could be used as potential functional food additives for improving human health.
Sequence capture by hybridization reveals elusive hydrocarbon degradation potential
Authors: von Netzer Frederick
Published: January 2017

Highlight description of article (Ranchou‐Peyrouse et al.) to be published in MBT.
Global Health and Emergency Care: Defining Clinical Research Priorities
Authors: Hansoti Bhakti , Aluisio Adam R. , Barry Meagan A. , Davey Kevin , Lentz Brian A. , Modi Payal , Newberry Jennifer A. , Patel Melissa H. , Smith Tricia A. , Vinograd Alexandra M. , Levine Adam C. ,   the Global Emergency Medicine Think Tank Clinical Research Working Group
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Despite recent strides in the development of global emergency medicine (EM), the field continues to lag in applying a scientific approach to identifying critical knowledge gaps and advancing evidence‐based solutions to clinical and public health problems seen in emergency departments (EDs) worldwide. Here, progress on the global EM research agenda created at the 2013 Academic Emergency Medicine Global Health and Emergency Care Consensus Conference is evaluated and critical areas for future development in emergency care research internationally are identified.

Methods

A retrospective review of all studies compiled in the Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) database from 2013 through 2015 was conducted. Articles were categorized and analyzed using descriptive quantitative measures and structured data matrices. The Global Emergency Medicine Think Tank Clinical Research Working Group at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2016 Annual Meeting then further conceptualized and defined global EM research priorities utilizing consensus‐based decision making.

Results

Research trends in global EM research published between 2013 and 2015 show a predominance of observational studies relative to interventional or descriptive studies, with the majority of research conducted in the inpatient setting in comparison to the ED or prehospital setting. Studies on communicable diseases and injury were the most prevalent, with a relative dearth of research on chronic noncommunicable diseases. The Global Emergency Medicine Think Tank Clinical Research Working Group identified conceptual frameworks to define high‐impact research priorities, including the traditional approach of using global burden of disease to define priorities and the impact of EM on individual clinical care and public health opportunities. EM research is also described through a population lens approach, including gender, pediatrics, and migrant and refugee health.

Conclusions

Despite recent strides in global EM research and a proliferation of scholarly output in the field, further work is required to advocate for and inform research priorities in global EM. The priorities outlined in this paper aim to guide future research in the field, with the goal of advancing the development of EM worldwide.
Biological stress indicators as risk markers for increased alcohol use following traumatic experiences
Authors: Trautmann Sebastian , Muehlhan Markus , Kirschbaum Clemens , Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich , Höfler Michael , Stalder Tobias , Steudte‐Schmiedgen Susann
Published: January 2017

Alcohol misuse is a common sequela of traumatic event experiences causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Although biological stress indicators have been identified as useful risk markers for the development of trauma‐related disorders, no such biological indicators exist for the risk of increased alcohol use after trauma exposure. This is the first study to prospectively investigate the predictive value of long‐term cortisol levels and acute stress reactivity for the risk of increased alcohol use following traumatic events. Male soldiers were examined before and 12 months following deployment using a standardized diagnostic interview. We analyzed the moderating role of baseline hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs, n = 153) as well as baseline salivary cortisol and alpha‐amylase stress reactivity in response to a laboratory stressor (n = 145) in the association between new‐onset traumatic events (according to the DSM‐IV A1 criterion) and subsequent daily alcohol use. No main effects of pre‐traumatic HCC or salivary stress markers on subsequent change in alcohol use were observed. However, we found that with decreasing HCC, the number of new‐onset traumatic events was more strongly associated with subsequent alcohol use independent from changes in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. No such relation was seen for the acute stress reactivity data. Taken together, this study provides first evidence suggesting that individual differences in long‐term cortisol regulation are involved in the association between traumatic experiences and subsequent alcohol use. HCC may thus serve as a potential target in the early identification of individuals vulnerable for increased alcohol use following traumatic events.
Binge drinking differentially affects cortical and subcortical microstructure
Authors: Morris Laurel S. , Dowell Nicholas G. , Cercignani Mara , Harrison Neil A. , Voon Valerie
Published: January 2017

Young adult binge drinkers represent a model for endophenotypic risk factors for alcohol misuse and early exposure to repeated binge cycles. Chronic or harmful alcohol use leads to neurochemical, structural and morphological neuroplastic changes, particularly in regions associated with reward processing and motivation. We investigated neural microstructure in 28 binge drinkers compared with 38 matched healthy controls. We used a recently developed diffusion magnetic resonance imaging acquisition and analysis, which uses three‐compartment modelling (of intracellular, extracellular and cerebrospinal fluid) to determine brain tissue microstructure features including neurite density and orientation dispersion index (ODI). Binge drinkers had reduced ODI, a proxy of neurite complexity, in frontal cortical grey matter and increased ODI in parietal grey matter. Neurite density was higher in cortical white matter in adjacent regions of lower ODI in binge drinkers. Furthermore, binge drinkers had higher ventral striatal grey matter ODI that was positively correlated with binge score. Healthy volunteers showed no such relationships. We demonstrate disturbed dendritic complexity of higher‐order prefrontal and parietal regions, along with higher dendritic complexity of a subcortical region known to mediate reward‐related motivation. The findings illustrate novel microstructural abnormalities that may reflect an infnce of alcohol bingeing on critical neurodevelopmental processes in an at‐risk young adult group.
A preliminary randomized controlled trial of contingency management for alcohol use reduction using a transdermal alcohol sensor
Authors: Barnett Nancy P. , Celio Mark A. , Tidey Jennifer W. , Murphy James G. , Colby Suzanne M. , Swift Robert M.
Published: January 2017

Aims

We tested the efficacy of daily contingent reinforcement for reducing alcohol use compared with (yoked) non‐contingent reinforcement (NR) using a transdermal alcohol sensor to detect alcohol use.

Design

Pilot randomized controlled design with 1 baseline week, 3 intervention weeks and 1‐month follow‐up.

Setting

New England, USA.

Participants

Heavy drinking adults (46.7% female) not seeking treatment were randomized to (1) an escalating schedule of cash reinforcement (CR; n = 15) for days on which alcohol was neither reported nor detected or (2) yoked NR (n = 15).

Intervention and comparator

Reinforcement for CR participants started at $5 and increased $2 every subsequent day on which alcohol was not detected or reported, to a maximum of $17. Participants received no reinforcement for days on which alcohol use was detected or reported, and the reinforcer value was re‐set to $5 the day after a drinking day. NR participants were yoked to the daily reinforcer value of an individual in the CR condition, in order of enrollment. Paired participants in CR and NR therefore received the same amount of money, but the amount for the NR participant was not behavior‐related.

Measurements

The primary outcome was percentage of days without sensor‐detected drinking. Secondary outcomes were number of consecutive days with no detected drinking, peak transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC), self‐reported drinks per week and drinking below NIH low‐risk guidelines.

Findings

Controlling for baseline, CR had a higher percentage of days with no drinking detected (54.3%) than NR (31.2%) during intervention weeks [P = 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.007–1.47]. The longest period of consecutive days with no drinking detected was 8.0 for CR versus 2.9 for NR (P = 0.03, d = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.08–1.61). Peak TAC during intervention showed a non‐significant group difference (P = 0.20; d = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.00–1.18); a similar result was found for drinks per week (P = 0.12; d = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.00–1.30). Four times more participants in CR drank below NIH low‐risk drinking guidelines during intervention than did participants in NR: 31.1 versus 7.1% (P = 0.07; d = 0.71; 95% CI = –0.04 to 1.46). At 1‐month follow‐up, the highest number of consecutive days without drinking (self‐report) did not differ significantly between conditions (P = 0.26), but showed a medium effect size (d = 0.44; 95% CI = −0.32 to 1.18).

Conclusions

Cash incentives linked to a transdermal alcohol sensor can reduce heavy alcohol consumption while the incentives are in operation.
The influence of proximity to market on bean producer prices in Nicaragua
Authors: Ebata Ayako , Velasco Pacheco Pamela Alejandra , von Cramon‐Taubadel Stephan
Published: January 2017

Transport costs are an important determinant of smallholder welfare in developing countries. In particular, transport costs influence the prices that smallholders receive for their produce. We propose a simple way of quantifying this influence. Taking the example of bean producers in Nicaragua, we employ a hedonic price model to estimate the effects of a smallholder's proximity to markets on the prices that he/she receives, while controlling for other factors such as the volume and quality of beans sold. We find that on average each additional minute of travel time reduces farm gate prices by 2.5 cents per quintal. Based on these results, the annual income from bean sales of the average smallholder in our sample would increase by between 24 and 110 USD if travel time to markets were reduced by 25%. Estimates of this nature can make an important contribution to cost–benefit assessments of infrastructure investments.
Decompositions of corn price effects: implications for feed grain demand and livestock supply
Authors: Suh Dong Hee , Moss Charles B.
Published: January 2017

This article examines how corn prices affect the demand for feed grains and the supply of livestock outputs. The differential approach to the theory of the multiproduct firm is employed to examine ex ante decisions about feed grain demand and livestock supply. The estimation results suggest that livestock producers have little flexibility in adjusting the demand for corn in response to an increase in corn prices. The substitutable relationship between corn and distillers’ grains contributes to alleviating pressures on feed costs in response to high corn prices. In addition, the estimation results highlight that the composition of livestock supply can be altered by changes in livestock prices. On the basis of the estimated elasticities, the decompositions of profit‐maximizing input demand are conducted to examine the effects of changes in corn prices on feed grain demand and livestock supply. The decomposition results reveal that an increase in corn prices reduces corn demand but raises the demand for distillers’ grains mainly due to the substitution effects of corn price changes. The decomposition results also show that an increase in the price of corn reduces cattle supply but raises the supply of chicken and pork due to the output relationships in supply.
The immunoglobulin superfamily member CD200R identifies cells involved in type 2 immune responses
Authors: Blom L. H. , Martel B. C. , Larsen L. F. , Hansen C. V. , Christensen M. P. , Juel‐Berg N. , Litman T. , Poulsen L. K.
Published: January 2017

Background

The pathology of allergic diseases involves type 2 immune cells, such as Th2, ILC2, and basophils exerting their effect by production of IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13. However, surface receptors that are specifically expressed on type 2 immune cells are less well documented. The aim of this investigation was to identify surface markers associated with type 2 inflammation.

Methods

Naïve human CD4+ T cells were short‐term activated in the presence or absence of IL‐4 and analyzed for expression of >300 cell‐surface proteins. Ex vivo‐isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from peanut‐allergic (PA) and nonallergic subjects were stimulated (14–16 h) with peanut extract to detect peanut‐specific CD4+CD154+ T cells. Biopsies were obtained for transcriptomic analysis from healthy controls and patients with extrinsic or intrinsic atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis.

Results

Expression analysis of >300 surface proteins enabled identification of IL‐4‐upregulated surface proteins, such as CD90, CD108, CD109, and CD200R (CD200R1). Additional analysis of in vitro‐differentiated Th0, Th1, and Th2 cultures identified CD200R as upregulated on Th2 cells. From ex vivo‐isolated PBMCs, we found high expression of CD200R on Th2 and ILC2 cells and basophils. In PA subjects, the peanut‐specific Th2 (CD154+CRTh2+) cells expressed more CD200R than the non‐allergen‐specific Th2 (CD154−CRTh2+) cells. Moreover, costaining of CD161 and CD200R identified peanut‐specific highly differentiated IL‐4+IL‐5+ Th2 cells. Finally, transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of CD200R in lesional skin from subjects with an extrinsic AD phenotype compared to healthy skin.

Conclusion

These results indicate that CD200R expression strongly correlates with Th2 pathology; though, the mechanism is as yet elusive.
Validation of the NCCN‐IPI for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL): the addition of β2‐microglobulin yields a more accurate GELTAMO‐IPI
Authors: Montalbán Carlos , Díaz‐López Antonio , Dlouhy Ivan , Rovira Jordina , Lopez‐Guillermo Armando , Alonso Sara , Martín Alejandro , Sancho Juan M. , García Olga , Sánchez Jose M. , Rodríguez Mario , Novelli Silvana , Salar Antonio , Gutiérrez Antonio , Rodríguez‐Salazar Maria J. , Bastos Mariana , Domínguez Juan F. , Fernández Rubén , Gonzalez de Villambrosia Sonia , Queizan José A. , Córdoba Raul , de Oña Raquel , López‐Hernandez Andrés , Freue Julian M. , Garrote Heidys , López Lourdes , Martin‐Moreno Ana M. , Rodriguez Jose , Abraira Víctor , García Juan F. ,   the GELTAMO‐IPI Project Investigators
Published: January 2017

The study included 1848 diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL)patients treated with chemotherapy/rituximab. The aims were to validate the National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index (NCCN‐IPI) and explore the effect of adding high Beta‐2 microglobulin (β2M), primary extranodal presentation and intense treatment to the NCCN‐IPI variables in order to develop an improved index. Comparing survival curves, NCCN‐IPI discriminated better than IPI, separating four risk groups with 5‐year overall survival rates of 93%, 83%, 67% and 49%, but failing to identify a true high‐risk population. For the second aim the series was split into training and validation cohorts: in the former the multivariate model identified age, lactate dehydrogenase, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, Stage III‐IV, and β2M as independently significant, whereas the NCCN‐IPI‐selected extranodal sites, primary extranodal presentation and intense treatments were not. These results were confirmed in the validation cohort. The Grupo Español de Linfomas/Trasplante de Médula ósea (GELTAMO)‐IPI developed here, with 7 points, significantly separated four risk groups (0, 1–3, 4 or ≥5 points) with 11%, 58%, 17% and 14% of patients, and 5‐year overall survival rates of 93%, 79%, 66% and 39%, respectively. In the comparison GELTAMO IPI discriminated better than the NCCN‐IPI. In conclusion, GELTAMO‐IPI is more accurate than the NCCN‐IPI and has statistical and practical advantages in that the better discrimination identifies an authentic high‐risk group and is not influenced by primary extranodal presentation or treatments of different intensity.
Guidelines for screening and management of late and long‐term consequences of myeloma and its treatment
Authors: Snowden John A. , Greenfield Diana M. , Bird Jennifer M. , Boland Elaine , Bowcock Stella , Fisher Abigail , Low Eric , Morris Monica , Yong Kwee , Pratt Guy ,   the UK Myeloma Forum (UKMF) and the British Society for Haematology (BSH)
Published: January 2017

A growing population of long‐term survivors of myeloma is now accumulating the ‘late effects’ not only of myeloma itself, but also of several lines of treatment given throughout the course of the disease. It is thus important to recognise the cumulative burden of the disease and treatment‐related toxicity in both the stable and active phases of myeloma, some of which is unlikely to be detected by routine monitoring. We summarise here the evidence for the key late effects in long‐term survivors of myeloma, including physical and psychosocial consequences (in Parts 1 and 2 respectively), and recommend the use of late‐effects screening protocols in detection and intervention. The early recognition of late effects and effective management strategies should lead to an improvement in the management of myeloma patients, although evidence in this area is currently limited and further research is warranted.
Subsequent malignancies among long‐term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: a pooled analysis of German cancer registry data (1990–2012)
Authors: Baras Nadia , Dahm Stefan , Haberland Jörg , Janz Martin , Emrich Katharina , Kraywinkel Klaus , Salama Abdulgabar
Published: January 2017

The increased risk of subsequent primary malignancies (SPM) in survivors of adult‐onset Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) remains a challenging clinical problem worldwide. The German cancer registry database, pooled from 14 federal states, was used to calculate the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and excess absolute risk (EAR) of SPM in 128 587 patients registered with first primary HL/NHL between 1990 and 2012. Conversely, SIRs were also calculated for a subsequent HL/NHL following other first cancers. The risk of developing SPM was significantly increased over twofold for HL survivors (SIR = 2·14, EAR = 51·87 cases/10 000 person‐years) and 1·5‐fold for NHL survivors (SIR = 1·48, EAR = 55·23) compared with the general German population. For solid cancers, SIRs were significantly elevated (1·6‐ and 1·4‐fold; respectively) and were highest (threefold) in patients below 30 years of age upon initial diagnosis. Overall, SIRs were consistently elevated for lip/oral cavity, colon/rectum, lung, skin melanoma, breast, kidney and thyroid. Significantly increased SIRs for oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, testis, prostate, and brain/central nervous system were observed following NHL only. For certain SPM, SIRs remained significantly elevated more than 10 years following HL/NHL diagnosis. Positive reciprocal associations were demonstrated between HL/NHL and several solid cancers mentioned above; for some, common aetiological mechanisms seem plausible.
Benchmark‐based strategies in whole number line estimation
Authors: Peeters Dominique , Verschaffel Lieven , Luwel Koen
Published: January 2017

In this study, we used verbal protocols to identify whether adults spontaneously apply quartile‐based strategies or whether they need additional external support to use these strategies when solving a 0–1,000 number line estimation (NLE) task. Participants were assigned to one of three conditions based on the number of external benchmarks provided on the number line. In the bounded condition only the origin and endpoint were indicated, the mid‐point condition included an additional external benchmark at 50%, and in the quartile condition three additional external benchmarks at 25%, 50%, and 75% were specified. Firstly, participants in the bounded condition reported to spontaneously apply quartile‐based strategies to calibrate their estimates. Moreover, participants frequently relied on the external benchmarks for creating internal benchmarks at the mid‐point, quartiles, and even octiles of the number line. Secondly, overall estimation accuracy improved as the number of external benchmarks increased, and target numbers close to external benchmarks were estimated more accurately and with less variability. Thirdly, the use of a larger variety in benchmark‐based strategies was positively related to NLE accuracy. In summary, this study provides evidence that the NLE task induces more sophisticated strategy use in participants than initially anticipated.
Development of anti‐immigrant attitudes in adolescence: The role of parents, peers, intergroup friendships, and empathy
Authors: Miklikowska Marta
Published: January 2017

Ethnic and racial intergroup attitudes are assumed to develop due to the influence of socialization contexts. However, there is still little longitudinal evidence supporting this claim. We also know little about the relative importance of socialization contexts, the possible interplay between them as well as about the conditions and mechanisms that might underlie socialization effects. This longitudinal study of adolescents (N = 517) examined the effects of parents and peers’ anti‐immigrant attitudes as well as intergroup friendships on relative changes in adolescents’ anti‐immigrant prejudice, controlling for the effects of socioeconomic background. It also examined whether the effects of parents or peers would depend on adolescents’ intergroup friendships. In addition, it explored whether the effects of parents, peers, and intergroup friendships would be mediated or moderated by adolescents’ empathy. Results showed significant effects of parents, peers, intergroup friendships, and socioeconomic background on changes in youth attitudes, highlighting the role of parental prejudice. They also showed adolescents with immigrant friends to be less affected by parents and peers’ prejudice than youth without immigrant friends. In addition, results showed the effects of parents, peers, and intergroup friendships to be mediated by adolescents’ empathic concern. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
What do popular YouTubeTM videos say about vaccines?
Authors: Basch C. H. , Zybert P. , Reeves R. , Basch C. E.
Published: January 2017

Background

The unregulated social network YouTubeTM has become an increasingly popular source of information on health topics such as vaccine safety. With a reach of over one billion users per month, the potential for misinformation is significant.

Methods

Using the keywords ‘vaccine safety’ and ‘vaccines and children’, 87 of the most widely viewed YouTubeTM videos were identified and analyzed for content, author status and view count.

Results

The range of view counts was 25 532 to 6 229 835, with a median of 62 075 views per video. Most videos (n = 74, 85.1%) were devoted exclusively to the topic of vaccination.

The three most common sources of these YouTubeTM videos were consumers (27.6%), TV‐based or Internet‐based news (26.4%) and individual health professionals (25.3%). Top topics covered were autism causality (47.1% of videos), undisclosed or poorly understood risks (42.5%), adverse reactions (40.2%) and thimerosol or mercury in vaccines (36.8%). The majority of videos (65.5%) discouraged the use of vaccines.

Conclusion

Health professionals should be aware of the widely disseminated vaccination information available on the Internet and should appreciate its possible effect on the public.
What Is the Long‐Run Impact of Learning Mathematics During Preschool?
Authors: Watts Tyler W. , Duncan Greg J. , Clements Douglas H. , Sarama Julie
Published: January 2017

The current study estimated the causal links between preschool mathematics learning and late elementary school mathematics achievement using variation in treatment assignment to an early mathematics intervention as an instrument for preschool mathematics change. Estimates indicate (n = 410) that a standard deviation of intervention‐produced change at age 4 is associated with a 0.24‐SD gain in achievement in late elementary school. This impact is approximately half the size of the association produced by correlational models relating later achievement to preschool math change, and is approximately 35% smaller than the effect reported by highly controlled ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models (Claessens et al., 2009; Watts et al., ) using national data sets. Implications for developmental theory and practice are discussed.
Pathway planning with unaccompanied young people leaving care: Biographical narratives of past, present, and future.
Authors: Devenney Kelly
Published: January 2017

This article presents findings from a qualitative study with Unaccompanied Young People (UYP) who have sought asylum alone in the UK without a parent or guardian. The findings explore how UYP create biographical narratives of their past, present, and future as they prepare to leave care, suggesting that UYP who have settled immigration status create coherent biographical narratives that reconcile the past with a positive imagined future. Themes of return and reciprocity emerged in their narratives as they developed aspirations to reunite with their families and return support received in the past by succeeding in education and careers. Unaccompanied young people who did not have settled status struggled to create biographical narratives and could not imagine the future or the past. These findings have significant implications for pathway planning with UYP, suggesting the need to recognise the interconnected nature of the past, present, and future as well as the role of families and education in future plans. Pathway planning for UYP with uncertain immigration status can be complex as young people struggle to maintain a biographical narrative. Further research is necessary to support young people and professionals with these challenges.
Dental and extra‐oral clinical features in 41 patients with WNT10A gene mutations: A multicentric genotype–phenotype study
Authors: Tardieu C. , Jung S. , Niederreither K. , Prasad M. , Hadj‐Rabia S. , Philip N. , Mallet A. , Consolino E. , Sfeir E. , Noueiri B. , Chassaing N. , Dollfus H. , Manière M.C. , Bloch‐Zupan A. , Clauss F.
Published: January 2017

WNT10A gene encodes a canonical wingless pathway signaling molecule involved in cell fate specification as well as morphogenetic patterning of the developing ectoderm, nervous system, skeleton, and tooth. In patients, WNT10A mutations are responsible for ectodermal‐derived pathologies including isolated hypo‐oligodontia, tricho‐odonto‐onycho‐dermal dysplasia and Schöpf‐Schulz‐Passarge syndrome (SSPS). Here we describe the dental, ectodermal, and extra‐ectodermal phenotypic features of a cohort of 41 patients from 32 unrelated families. Correlations with WNT10A molecular status (heterozygous carrier, compound heterozygous, homozygous) and patient's phenotypes were performed. Mild to severe oligodontia was observed in all patients bearing biallelic WNT10A mutations. However, patients with compound heterozygous mutations presented no significant difference in phenotypes compared with homozygous individuals. Anomalies in tooth morphology were frequently observed with heterozygous patients displaying hypodontia. No signs of SSPS, especially eyelids cysts, were detected in our cohort. Interestingly, extra‐ectodermal signs consisted of skeletal, neurological and vascular anomalies, the latter suggesting a wider phenotypic spectrum associated with WNT10A mutations. Indeed, the Wnt pathway plays a crucial role in skeletal development, lipid metabolism, and neurogenesis, potentially explaining patient's clinical manifestations.
Association of genetic variation with blood pressure traits among East Africans
Authors: Kayima J. , Liang J. , Natanzon Y. , Nankabirwa J. , Ssinabulya I. , Nakibuuka J. , Katamba A. , Mayanja‐Kizza H. , Miron A. , Li C. , Zhu X.
Published: January 2017

Introduction

Genetic variation may play explain some of the disparity in prevalence and control of hypertension across Sub‐Saharan Africa. However, there have been very few studies to characterize genetic variation of blood pressure traits.

Aim

To determine whether a set of blood pressure‐associated genetic loci can be replicated among samples East African samples.

Methods

Twenty‐seven blood pressures (BP)‐related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped among 2881 samples from participants in the Medical Education Partnership Initiative for Cardiovascular Disease (MEPI‐CVD) survey. Associations with known BP variants were evaluated for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) as continuous variables and for hypertension (HTN) as a binary variable.

Results

Eleven SNPS were associated with at least 1 BP trait (P < .05). Four SNPs; rs2004776, rs7726475, rs11837544 and rs2681492, whose nearest genes are AGT, NPR3/SUB1, PLXNC1 and ATP2B1, respectively, were associated with SBP. Six SNPs, rs2004776, rs11977526, rs11191548, rs381815, rs2681492 and rs1327235, close to AGT, IGFBP3, CYP17A1, PLEKHA7, ATP2B1 and JAG, respectively, were associated with DBP while 2 SNPs located within AGT and IGFBP‐3 genes associated with HTN. For PP, 4 variants rs1458038, rs11725861, rs7726475 and rs11953630 whose corresponding genes are FGF5, CHIC2, SUB1/NPR3 and EBF1 reached significance (P < .05). Eight SNPs were replicated in the same effect direction as the parent studies. Risk scores defined using published effect sizes were significantly associated with both SBP (P = .0026) and DBP (P = .0214).

Conclusion

The replication of multiple BP variants among East Africans suggests that these variants may have universal effects across ethnic populations.
The increased expression of TCF3 is correlated with poor prognosis in Chinese patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Shen X. , Yuan J. , Zhang M. , Li W. , Ni B. , Wu Y. , Jiang L. , Fan W. , Tian Z.
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Regulatory factors controlling stem cell identity and self‐renewal are often active in aggressive cancers and are thought to promote cancer growth and progression. B‐cell‐specific transcription factor 3 (TCF3/E2A) is a member of the T‐cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factor family that is central to regulating epidermal and embryonic stem cell identity. It has been reported that TCF3 was connected with the development and progression of a number of human cancers. In this study, we aimed to identify the expression of TCF3 in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and evaluate its clinical significance.

Design

To investigate the expression of TCF3 in NPC and its relationship to prognosis.

Setting

An in vitro study.

Main outcome measures

We analysed the expression of TCF3 in NPC and in non‐tumourous nasopharyngeal tissues by quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blotting. The expression patterns of TCF3 in 117 archived paraffin‐embedded NPC specimens were characterised by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between the TCF3 protein expression and the clinicopathological features of NPC was analysed.

Results

We observed that TCF3 had a higher expression in NPC than in non‐tumourous nasopharyngeal tissues of 117 archived paraffin‐embedded NPC specimens, and 80 (68.4%) biopsy tissues revealed high levels of TCF3 expression. Furthermore, statistical analyses demonstrated that the increased expression of TCF3 was closely related to clinical stage, locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis of NPC. NPC patients with high levels of TCF3 expression had a shorter survival time, whereas patients with lower levels of TCF3 expression survived longer. Moreover, multivariate analysis suggested that the upregulation of TCF3 was a critical prognostic factor for NPC.

Conclusions

Our observations suggest, for the first time, that TCF3 is significantly associated with the development and progression of NPC, which can be used as an important prognostic marker for patients with NPC and may be an effective target for the treatment of NPC.
Altered walking strategy and increased unsteadiness in participants with impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes relates to small‐fibre neuropathy but not vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Almurdhi M. M. , Brown S. J. , Bowling F. L. , Boulton A. J. M. , Jeziorska M. , Malik R. A. , Reeves N. D.
Published: January 2017

Aims

To investigate alterations in walking strategy and dynamic sway (unsteadiness) in people with impaired glucose tolerance and people with Type 2 diabetes in relation to severity of neuropathy and vitamin D levels.

Methods

A total of 20 people with Type 2 diabetes, 20 people with impaired glucose tolerance and 20 people without either Type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (control group) underwent gait analysis using a motion analysis system and force platforms, and detailed assessment of neuropathy and serum 25 hydroxy‐vitamin D levels.

Results

Ankle strength (P = 0.01) and power (P = 0.003) during walking and walking speed (P = 0.008) were preserved in participants with impaired glucose tolerance but significantly lower in participants with Type 2 diabetes compared with control participants; however, step width (P = 0.005) and dynamic medio‐lateral sway (P = 0.007) were significantly higher and posterior maximal movement (P = 0.000) was lower in participants with impaired glucose tolerance, but preserved in those with Type 2 diabetes compared with the control group. Dynamic medio‐lateral sway correlated with corneal nerve fibre length (P = 0.001) and corneal nerve branch density (P = 0.001), but not with vibration perception threshold (P = 0.19). Serum 25 hydroxy‐vitamin D levels did not differ significantly among the groups (P = 0.10) and did not correlate with any walking variables or measures of dynamic sway.

Conclusions

Early abnormalities in walking strategy and dynamic sway were evident in participants with impaired glucose tolerance, whilst there was a reduction in ankle strength, power and walking speed in participants with Type 2 diabetes. Unsteadiness correlated with small‐, but not large‐fibre neuropathy and there was no relationship between vitamin D levels and walking variables.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and risk of acute pancreatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Storgaard Heidi , Cold Frederik , Gluud Lise L. , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K.
Published: January 2017

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RAs) labels warn about acute pancreatitis (AP) and impose upon doctors the obligation to inform patients about symptoms of AP. Here we systematically reviewed the risk of AP in randomized placebo‐controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of GLP‐1RAs in type 2 diabetes. We performed a systematic review with meta‐analysis of long‐term (minimum 24 months), placebo‐controlled GLP‐1RA RCTs in which AP was a predefined adverse event and adjudicated by blinded and independent adjudicating committees. Three high‐quality RCTs included a total of 9347 GLP‐1RA‐treated and 9353 placebo‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Compared to placebo, treatment with GLP1‐RA was not associated with increased risk of AP (Peto odds ratio 0.745 [95% CI, 0.47‐1.17]). Trial Sequential Analysis suggested that additional evidence is needed. In conclusion, this review found no evidence that treatment with GLP‐1RA increases the risk of AP in patients with type 2 diabetes.
A composite autonomic index as unitary metric for heart rate variability: a proof of concept
Authors: Sala Roberto , Malacarne Mara , Solaro Nadia , Pagani Massimo , Lucini Daniela
Published: January 2017

Background

This study addresses whether a unitary cardiac autonomic nervous system index (ANSI), obtained combining multiple metrics from heart rate variability (HRV) into a radar plot could provide an easy appreciation of autonomic performance in a clinical setting.

Materials and Methods

Data are standardized using percentile ranking of autonomic proxies from a relatively large reference population (n = 1593, age 39 ± 13 years). Autonomic indices are obtained from autoregressive spectral analysis of (ECG derived) HRV at rest and during standing up. A reduced ANSI (using RR, RR variance and rest–stand difference of LFnu) is then constructed as a radar plot, quantified according to its combined area and tested against different risk subgroups.

Results

With growing risk profile, there is a marked reduction of the rank value of ANSI, quantified individually by the radar plot area. The practical usefulness of the approach was tested in small groups of additional subjects putatively characterized by elevated or poor autonomic performance. Data show that elite endurance athletes are characterized by elevated values of ANSI (80·6 ± 14·9, P < 0·001) while subjects with either Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes show lower values (DM1 = 37·0 ± 18·9 and DM2 = 26·8 ± 23·3, P = 0·002), and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) represent a nadir (17 ± 20, P < 0·001).

Conclusions

This observational study shows the feasibility of testing simpler metrics of cardiac autonomic regulation based on a multivariate unitary index in a preventive setting. This simple approach might foster a wider application of HRV in the clinical arena, and permit an easier appreciation of autonomic performance.