bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„Wieder in dieses normale zivile Leben reinkommen“ – zur Bedeutung von Normalität im Wiedereingliederungsprozess haftentlassener Sexualstraftäter
Authors: Gauder Kira-Sophie
Published: May 2021

In recent years, the study of desistance has become a major criminological research topic. However, despite the fact that sex offenders receive significant media and societal attention, the actual life course of released sex offenders is rarely examined. We know little about their reentry processes and subjective experiences during their transition from prison. This doctoral thesis presents the results of an empirical research project that analyzed the post-release life courses of sex offenders in order to gain insights into their subjective experiences during the reentry process as well as the dynamics and interrelationships involved. The overall research questions covered are: 1) What does the life course of sex offenders look like after release from prison? 2) What shapes the life course of this group of offenders? 3) How do released sex offenders experience their reentry? The dissertation forms part of the larger longitudinal research project “Sexual Offenders in the Social Therapeutic Institutions of the Free State of Saxony” conducted by the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Law (since 2020: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law) in Freiburg i.Br. While a wide range of empirical data were collected during the longitudinal project, the doctoral dissertation project focused on the analysis of sixty-nine semi-structured interviews with released sex offenders. The study is explorative in nature and has an inductive approach. This provides insights into the social reality and lives of released sex offenders. The analysis was carried out in two steps, beginning with an in-depth analysis of a sub-sample (n = 12). Subsequently, the whole sample (n = 69) was analyzed in a more systematic manner using an inductive coding guide. This approach assists in better understanding the multifaceted reentry process. On the one hand, different aspects of the post-release life course are identified, including experienced difficulties described by the interviewees, their social environment, and their appraisal of correctional release preparation as well as post-release resocialization measures. These aspects significantly shaped the post-prison lives of the interviewees. Furthermore, more complex dynamics are uncovered, such as the framing of desistance and the internalization of stigmatization. On the other hand, different efforts on the released offenders’ side to reestablish a so-called “normal” life are traced. It proved to be the core dynamic in the reentry process and, consequently, the major findings of the present analysis concern the released offenders’ struggle to (re)establish normality. This volume presents various strategies that the interviewees used to (re)establish normality and illustrates how they are linked to other facets and phenomena in the post-release life course.
Implementasi Metode AHP untuk Seleksi Penerimaan Dosen di STIMIK Sepuluh Nopember Jayapura
Authors: Hasan Patmawati , Yunita Selviana , Thamrin Rosiyati MH. , Pawan Elvis
Published: May 2021

Dosen merupakan pendidik profesional dengan tugas utama yaitu  mentransformasikan, mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan serta menjalankan Tri Dharma perguruan tinggi. Untuk mendapatkan calon dosen yang berkualitas diperlukan seleksi penerimaan dosen. Pada proses pemilihan calon dosen ada beberapa kriteria yang dilengkapi untuk melakukan penilaian calon dosen dan apabila kriteria tersebut tidak terpenuhi maka calon dosen dinyatakan tidak diterima. Proses seleksi penerimaan calon dosen di STIMIK Sepuluh Nopember Jayapura dilakukan secara konvensional saja selama ini yaitu dengan mengumpulkan berkas-berkas persyaratan setelah itu akan diseleksi manual oleh bagian SDM sehingga tidak efektif dan menimbulkan ketidak akuratan dalam pengambilan keputusan seleksi penerimaan calon dosen. Dengan penggunaan metode AHP dapat memberikan solusi terhadap kriteria yang menjadi prioritas karena adanya perbandingan terhadap masing-masing kriteria. Sistem ini berbasis web dengan antarmuka yang sederhana hingga mudah dipahami pengguna. Calon dosen yang diterima berjumlah 3 alternatif dari 6 alternatif yang mengikuti seleksi yaitu Aderiani W Rank 1, Lidiya W Rank 2, dan Ainul Y Rank 3. Hasil dari implementasi metode AHP pada seleksi penerimaan calon dosen, ditemukan prioritasi kriteria yang teritinggi yaitu kriteria Micro Teaching sebesar 30,9% dan yang terendah adalah Wawancara dengan persentase sebesar 8,04%. Sehingga memberikan solusi kepada bagian SDM untuk memprioritaskan kriteria Micro Teaching dalam penerimaan calon dosen.
Analisis Tingkat Kapabilitas Layanan Perizinan Online Kabupaten Badung Menggunakan Framework COBIT 5
Authors: Tiasmi Ni Luh Made Uti , Candiasa I Made , Indrawan Gede
Published: May 2021

Analisis tingkat kapabilitas Layanan Perizinan Online (LAPERON) Badung dengan COBIT 5 bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pencapaian dari sistem yang dibangun. COBIT 5 digunakan untuk mengukur kinerja sumber daya Teknologi Informasi (TI) dalam mencapai visi dan misi organisasi. Analisis dimulai dengan melihat permasalahan yang ada pada DPMPTSP Kabupaten Badung, kemudian dilakukan pemetaan terhadap strategi bisnis dengan enterprise goals dan IT related goals COBIT 5. Pengolahan data dan penilaian dilakukan dengan process assessment models dan analisis kesenjangan untuk menentukan tingkat kapabilitas LAPERON.  Analisis menghasilkan fokus audit  pada 7 domain proses COBIT 5 yaitu, Ensure Governance Framework Setting and Maintenance (EDM01), Manage the IT Management Framework (APO01), Manage Strategy (APO02), Manage Enterprise Architecture (APO03), Manage Human Resources (APO07), Manage Relationships (APO08), dan Manage Requirements Definition (BAI02). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan penyebaran kuesioner. Hasil analisis tingkat kapabilitas saat ini untuk domain EDM01 dan APO02 berada pada level 4 (predictable process). Sedangkan, untuk domain APO1, APO03, APO07, APO08, dan BAI02 berada di level 3 (established process). Capability level tata kelola LAPERON yang diharapkan, yaitu pada level 5 (optimizing process). Sehingga terdapat gap antara level kapabilitas saat ini dengan yang diharapkan pada masing-masing domain EDM01 dan APO02 bernilai 1 gap, APO1, APO03, APO07, APO08, dan BAI02 bernilai 2 gap.
Differential expression of family with sequence similarity 13 member A in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding family with sequence similarity 13 member A, FAM13A, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. FAM13A mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of FAM13A in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal A subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. FAM13A may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Differential expression of platelet-derived growth factor D in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding platelet-derived growth factor D, PDGFD, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. PDGFD was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer. PDGFD mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of PDGFD in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal and luminal A subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. PDGFD may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
ادارة مصر خلال العهد الاشوري( 701 – 654 ) ق.م
Authors: Rasheed Nazar Tahir
Published: May 2021

الملخص: ترجع علاقات مصر مع العراق الى عصور ما قبل الاسرات، فقد كان هناك تطور متشابه ومتعاصر كبير في كلتا الحضارتين، وبعد هذه الفترة يبدو أن الاتصال قد توقف قليلاً لفترة ما واكتف مصر بالعلاقات التجارية، كان ملوك اشور خلال الدولة الحديثة يتبادلون المراسلات الدبلوماسية مع ملوك مصر خلال الدولة الحديثة(1567-1085) ق.م، وفي عصر الاشوري الحديث بدأ التنافس السياسي بين الاشوريين والمصريين في الاراضي السورية التي كان يطمح كل منهما الى بسط سلطانه عليها من اجل تأمين حدوده وضمان التجارة وحماية طرق مواصلاتها للحصول على المواد الأولية اللازمة، لهذا تكررت الحملات العسكرية الاشورية على مصر التي كانت تدعم وتحرض المدن سوريا وفلسطين ضد الوجود الاشوري هناك، وتوالت انتصاراتهم على المصريين انتهت بسيطرة اشور على مصر. Summary: The ancient Egypt's relations with Ancient Iraq go back to pre-dynastic times, for there was a similar and great contemporary development in both civilizations, and after this period it seems that the contact has stopped for a while for a while and Egypt is satisfied with commercial relations, the Assyriain kings whom ruled Egypt during the modern state used to exchange diplomatic correspondence with the kings of Egypt. During the modern state (1567-1085) B.C., and in the modern Assyrian era, political competition began between the Assyrians and Egyptians in the Syrian lands, which each of them aspired to extend their authority over in order to secure their borders, ensure trade and protect their transportation routes to obtain the necessary raw materials. The Assyrian military campaigns against Egypt, which were supporting and inciting the cities of Syria and Palestine against the Assyrian presence there, were repeated, and their victories over the Egyptians ended in the Assyrian control of Egypt.
Differential expression of coiled-coil domain containing 46 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding coiled-coil domain containing 46, CCDC46, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. CCDC46 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of CCDC46 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with post-progression survival in patients with luminal B subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. CCDC46 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Text-mining open-ended survey responses using structural topic modeling: A practical demonstration to understand parents’ coping methods during COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore
Authors: Chung Gerard , Rodriguez Maria , Lanier Paul , Gibbs Daniel
Published: May 2021

Objective: Open-ended survey questions crucially contribute to researchers’ understandings of respondents’ experiences. However, analyzing open-ended responses using human coders is labor-intensive and prone to inconsistencies. Structural topic modeling (STM) is a text mining method that discover topics from textual data. We demonstrate the use of STM to analyze open- ended survey responses to understand how parents cope during COVID-19 lock-down in Singapore. Method: We administered online surveys to 199 parents in Singapore during the COVID-19 lock-down. To show a STM analysis, we demonstrated a workflow that includes steps in data preprocessing, model estimation, model selection, and model interpretation. Results: An 18-topic model best fitted the data based on model diagnostics and researchers’ expertise. Prevalent coping methods described by respondents include “Spousal Support”, “Routines/Schedules” and “Managing Expectations”. Topic prevalence for some topics varies with respondents’ levels of parenting stress and whether parents were fathers or mothers. Conclusion: STM offers an efficient, valid, and replicable way to analyze textual data such as open-ended survey responses and case notes that can complement researchers’ knowledge and skills. STM can be used as part of a multistage research process or to support other analyses such as clarifying quantitative findings and identifying preliminary themes from qualitative data.
Differential expression of glutathione peroxidase 3 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding glutathione peroxidase 3, GPX3, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. GPX3 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of GPX3 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. GPX3 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Tugas Muh. Anshari Dzadiq
Authors: Dzadiq Muh. Anshari
Published: May 2021

Silahkan dibaca kawan online
Mid ulfaadwidamayant
Authors: adwidamayanti Ulfah
Published: May 2021

Hukum Adminitsrasi Negara menyatu atau bahkan disebut sebagai bagian dari Hukum Tata Negara. Perluasan peran negara dari negara penjaga malam menjadi negara welfare state yang mengutamakan kesejahteraan, juga berimplikasi pada pemisahan Hukum Administrasi Negara dari Hukum Tata Negara.Terdapat dua pandangan yang muncul terhadap hubungan HAN dan HTN, ada yang berpandangan.
Can Community Policing Improve Police-Community Relations in a Low-Income Country Setting?
Authors: Blair Robert , Grossman Guy , Wilke Anna
Published: May 2021

Community-oriented policing (COP) is one of the most widely touted mechanisms for building bridges between police forces and the communities they serve. But evidence on the effectiveness of COP is surprisingly scant. We present results from one of the first randomized controlled trials to evaluate COP in the Global South. The COP initiative we study was locally designed and funded by the Ugandan government. We find no evidence that the program reduced crime, enhanced perceptions of safety, improved attitudes towards the police, or strengthened norms of cooperation with the police. We explore a variety of potential explanations for these results, including both supply-side factors (e.g. resource constraints within the Ugandan police) and demand-side factors (e.g. low baseline trust). We find no evidence that overcoming these obstacles would make COP more effective. Taken together, our findings point to important limitations of COP in low-income countries.
Differential expression of tudor domain containing 10 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding tudor domain containing 10, TDRD10, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. TDRD10 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of TDRD10 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with post-progression survival in patients with basal, luminal B, and HER2+ subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. TDRD10 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Differential expression of chromosome 7 open reading frame 58 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding chromosome 7 open reading frame 58, C7orf58, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. C7orf58 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of C7orf58 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal A subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. C7orf58 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Differential expression of G-protein coupled receptor 124 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding G-protein coupled receptor 124, GPR124, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. GPR124 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of GPR124 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. GPR124 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
The wandering mind, the focussed mind and the meta-aware mind
Authors: Bharate Ganesh , Ray Sumantran
Published: May 2021

Caught within fast paced- urban industrial society, many of us may not ask questions about the nature of our mind, thoughts, although our mind, and thoughts often cause distress to us. Stressed between demands of tasks, and unexpected situations like pandemic loneliness, our paper offers useful insights into the dynamics of consciousness- the wandering mind (intentional, & unintentional mind-wandering), focussed mind, the meta-aware mind (mindfulness). We comparatively analyse results from contemplative traditions (Buddhism, & Yoga), CognitivePhenomenology, and Cognitive Psychology (Attention, working memory), with focus on attention training exercises (meditative practises). What is the relation between attention, and our thoughts? How can we train our attention, by practising meta-awareness, to effectively manage distressing thoughts, and emotions? How do the concepts of intentionality, and meta-awareness bear on the problem of differentiating between intentional consciously controlled, and unintentional automatic mind-wandering ? If, as Metzinger suggests, our mental life is oftencharacterized by sub-personal cognition, loss of mental autonomy, then what practices may help us to cultivate intentionality & meta-awareness? Does sub-personal cognition (e.g.mind-wandering) necessarily involve loss of agency, or as Seli has suggested, there are specific subtypes of mind-wandering that preserves intentionality and meta-awareness (at least at some later part of the time of the mind-wandering episode). In a convergence betweenapplication of Intentional Mind Wandering positive Self Generated Thoughts, and contemplative practices, suggested in the Patanjali Yoga tradition, we suggest a generalized meditative technique to counterbalance distressing thoughts. Commonly experienced distressing thoughts like aggression, jealousy, lust, despondency can be counter-balanced by systematically cultivating (Pratipaksha bhavana) opposing, and virtuous thoughts as further developed in the paper. Our paper explores, with focus on practical application via meditative practises, synergy between intentional mind wandering, meta-awareness (Sakshi bhava), Virtuous attitude Cultivation which have been shown to be effective in managing distressing thoughts e.g. depressogenic automatic negative thoughts.
Children consider the probability of random success when evaluating knowledge
Authors: Aboody Rosie , Denison Stephanie , Jara-Ettinger Julian
Published: May 2021

To infer what others know, we must consider under what epistemic states their actions were both rational and probable. We test whether preschoolers can compare the probability of different actions (and outcomes) under different epistemic states—and use this to evaluate what others know. Specifically, four- to six-year-olds (n=90) were asked to help evaluate an agent’s knowledge state by asking the agent to complete either an “undiagnostic” task (where success was assured), or a “diagnostic task” (where the probability of random success was low). By age six, children understood that the “diagnostic” task would more likely reveal the agent’s knowledge state; four- and five-year-olds had no reliable preference, although children in all age groups understood that the “diagnostic” task was harder. These results suggest that, by the end of preschool, children understand how agents’ epistemic states and environment jointly determine success—considering whether agents’ actions imply knowledge, or just luck.
Digital contact does not promote wellbeing, but face-to-face dDoes: A cross-national survey during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Newson Martha , El Zein Marwa , Sulik Justin , Zhao Yi , Dezecache Guillaume , Deroy Ophelia , Tuncgenc Bahar
Published: May 2021

With restrictions on opportunities for face to face (FtF) interactions, Covid-19 lockdowns test the promises of digitally mediated communication (DMC) to foster social contact and wellbeing. In a multinational sample (n= 6436), we investigated how different modes of contact relate to wellbeing during a global pandemic. DMC was more popular than FtF and Covid-19 death rates played a bigger role in DMC use than state stringency measures. FtF contact was positively associated and messaging negatively associated with wellbeing. FtF was especially positive for people who did not perceive any loved ones in their household as vulnerable to the disease, yet did not vary with people’s perception of their own vulnerability. The results suggest that, in the face of the pandemic, men and women of all ages relied on DMC over FtF contact. Despite tangible costs to wellbeing, during the pandemic, people endeavoured to be physically distanced but not socially isolated.
Psychometric properties of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale in Spanish-speaking countries during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: González-Medina Gabriel Alonso , Lang Kyle M. , Rios-Castillo Israel , Diaz Leslie Landaeta
Published: May 2021

Psychometric studies are needed to decide the most suitable instrument in psychological research. Whereas Beck Depression Inventory has more psychometrics studies in Spanish-speaking countries, Beck Anxiety Inventory has less evidence. Additionally, anhedonia is a crucial construct to understand the relationship between depression and anxiety and their outcomes. However, there a scarce psychometric studies in anhedonia measures in non-English languages. Therefore, the first objective was to describe the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) psychometric properties. The second objective was to evaluate the measurement invariance of two psychometric scales, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), in 12 Spanish-speaking countries. The first included 1287 participants over 18 years of age from Chile. The second with a sample of 9954 participants from 12 Spanish-speaking countries. We analyze the construct, convergent, concurrent, and discriminant validities using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. This study showed good internal consistency for both scales. First, we provided evidence for construct validity, convergent validity, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity in a Chilean sample. Secondly, we established measurement invariance between Chile and those other 11 countries. This study represents the most thorough psychometric analysis of the BAI and SHAPS in the context of which we are aware.
Does the language spoken at home matter for the education, wellbeing, and sense of belonging of the children of immigrants? And does the answer depend on how we analyse it?
Authors: Kilpi-Jakonen Elina , Alisaari Jenni
Published: May 2021

Educational disadvantages of children of immigrants have sometimes been linked to speaking a language other than that of school instruction at home. However, thorough investigations of the alleged benefits for immigrant families of adopting the language of the surrounding society are lacking. We used data from a subset of countries in the 2018 Programme of International Student Assessment (PISA) and analysed reading test scores, educational expectations, sense of belonging at school, and subjective wellbeing (positive affect). Our results suggest that the language used at home is not systematically associated with subjective wellbeing or educational expectations. In some countries, switching the home language to that of the destination country is associated with an increased sense of belonging at school and higher reading scores. We discuss these results with reference to ethnic boundary making and how schools and educational systems can respond to the needs of linguistically diverse students.
СТУДЕНТСЬКЕ САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ ЯК СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ ФОРМУВАННЯ СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ МОЛОДІ: ІСТОРИЧНИЙ ДИСКУРС
Authors: Зленко Алла , Ісайкіна Олена
Published: May 2021

Поняття «самоврядування» визначається як соціальний інститут, що забезпечує цілісність суспільного організму, виявлення інтересів і волі різних спільнот, участь усіх верств населення у здійсненні влади, прийнятті управлінських рішень і їхньої реалізації. Самоврядування базується на тих самих принципах, що й демократія: пріоритет більшості, формальна рівність, вільне виявлення інтересів, загальноприйняті права й обов’язки, поєднання елементів представництва та прямого волевиявлення. Студентське самоврядування як один з найдієвіших напрямків соціального становлення молоді на території нашої держави бере початок з другої половини ХІХ - поч. ХХ ст. В соціально-політичних умовах розвитку країни цього періоду студентські автономні кооперації стали основою сучасних студентських організацій. Особливістю цих об’єднань була організація культурно-освітньої діяльності, а також активна боротьба за демократію та автономію університету, захист прав та інтересів студентів.
Історичне походження сучасної моделі студентського самоврядування можна простежити з останніх років Радянського Союзу, розвитку молодіжного руху опору та політизації студентського середовища. Здатність до самоорганізації та рішучість молодих людей свідчать про те, що народження в Україні нового покоління акумулювало необхідні ресурси для іншого шляху національного розвитку.
Студентське самоврядування у ЗВО – це особлива форма самостійної суспільної діяльності студентів і аспірантів з реалізації функцій управління життям студентського колективу у відповідності з метою і задачами, що стоять перед ним. Метою студентського самоврядування є створення умов для самореалізації особистості студентів і формування в них організаторських навичок,  лідерських якостей, відповідальності за результат своєї праці тощо. Діяльність органів студентського самоврядування спрямована на удосконалення навчального процесу, підвищення його якості, забезпечення виховання духовності та культури студентів, зростання у студентської молоді соціальної активності.
Використання всіх можливостей студентського самоврядування згідно з чинним законодавством дозволить: налагодити ефективну співпрацю між адміністрацією ЗВО і студентами з широкого спектру питань; створити додаткові умови для зростання якості підготовки фахівців у системі професійної освіти в Україні; забезпечити подальшу інтеграцію національної освітньої системи до європейського та світового освітнього простору.
Таким чином, з огляду на вищевказане, можна стверджувати, що від того, наскільки буде усвідомлена необхідність в ефективній системі студентського самоврядування в Україні, значною мірою залежить успішність подальшої інтеграції нашої держави до європейського та світового освітньо-наукового простору.
РОЗВИТОК ТОРГІВЛІ В МІСТАХ НАДДНІПРЯНСЬКОЇ УКРАЇНИ В 1785-1917 РР.: СУЧАСНА ВІТЧИЗНЯНА ІСТОРІОГРАФІЯ
Authors: Бондаренко Олександр
Published: May 2021

У статті зроблено спробу з’ясувати ступінь дослідження розвитку торгівлі в містах Наддніпрянської України в 1785-1917 рр. у сучасній вітчизняній історіографії.
З’ясовано, що в історичній науці суттєво розширилося коло питань економічного розвитку міст, які сьогодні досліджуються українськими вченими.
Зазначено, що крім традиційних аспектів вивчення порушеної проблеми, певна увага приділяється й таким важливим напрямам наукового пошуку як форми та методи внутрішньої та зовнішньої торгівлі в українських містах, приватне підприємництво в усіх сферах міської економіки тощо.
Встановлено, що зазвичай розвиток торгівлі у містах розглядається у контексті аналізу економічних явищ в українських губерніях загалом або ж поміж інших проблем досліджень історії певних регіонів чи окремих міських поселень. Характерною рисою багатьох праць є перебільшена увага до нагромадження фактичних даних замість узагальнень і теоретичного осмислення досліджуваних процесів. До того ж, важливою особливістю сучасних наукових студій є те, що вивчення розвитку торгівлі в містах здійнюється нерівномірно як в регіональному так і в хронологічному вимірах. Адже більшість досліджень стосується пореформенного періоду та розвитку торгівлі в містах Півдня України і насамперед Одеси.
У висновках визначено основні тенденції та окреслено здобутки й недостатньо досліджені питання, визначено основні напрями подальшого вивчення порушеної проблеми.
Зауважимо, що, сучасна вітчизняна наука напрацювала достатній дослідницький матеріал, на основі якого актуальним є створення комплексної, синтетичної праці з історії розвитку торгівлі в містах Наддніпрянської України в 1785-1917 рр. з широким залученням компаративістського інструментарію.
Change of nitrogen regime of gray forest large-sawn-light-ber-soil soil under the influence at different systems fertilizer and chemical land-reclamation
Authors:   National Scientific Centre «Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine», Dmytrenko O.V. , Tkachenko M.A. ,   National Scientific Centre «Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine», Pavlichenko A.I. ,   National Scientific Centre «Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine»
Published: May 2021

The results of research in a stationary study, based in 1992 on gray forest coarse-grained loamy soil, on the impact of long-term chemical reclamation and0,0 various supply systems (mineral, organic, organo-mineral) on the nitrogen regime. Nitrogen is extremely important in agriculture, as all processes, photosynthesis, volume of substances and distribution of the level of yield and its quality are impossible without this element. In the total coverage of the country, the share of soils of forest origin exceeds 33 %, and among agricultural lands – 25 %. Given the content of humus and its total reserves, the integrated indicator of soil formation and the most important characteristic that determines the overall habit of the soil, in the articles above, change it from the above factors. It can also be shown that the content of gross nitrogen reflects the humus content, which is determined and differs from the humus content of the residual. There is a high density correlation between these indicators for all different studies (r = 0,991). The obtained data indicate that only with the use of greens and by-products of precursors and measured doses of mineral fertilizers with the use of liming achieved by the size of the total nitrogen to the initial level. The growth of the composition is 0,36 – 0,45 t / ha and in this case we can state the expansion of its reproduction. Only after mineralization nitrogen of organic compounds becomes available to plants. The form of nitrogen, which is easily hydrolyzed, is a fairly reliable indicator of the provision of this element. To classify the test content with the content of mobile compounds 81,2 – 103 mg / kg belong to the user groups with a very high degree of supply, but the degree hydrolyzes organic substances in high quantities (9,6 – 10,2 %). With the combined use of green manures, non-marketable plant products, single doses of mineral fertilizers in a combination of lime achieved growth of 27,5 % on the restoration to control of this form of nitrogen. For the above complex of nutrients at an increased content of 16,5 mg/kg to control the amount of N-NO3- + N-NH4 +, as well as 7,4 mg / kg of nitrifying capacity of the soil. The studied gray forest soils belong to the group of soils with low humus content and its total reserves, which are inherited from the original pedogenesis and modern soil formation processes. Under the influence of a set of agronomic measures for a long time the type of humus does not change, which indicates the invariability of the direction of soil formation
Anterior insula stimulation increases pain threshold in humans: a pilot study
Authors: Liu Chang-Chia , Moosa Shayan , Quigg Mark , Elias W. Jeffrey
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE

Chronic pain results in an enormous societal and financial burden. Opioids are the mainstay of treatment, but opioid abuse has led to an epidemic in the United States. Nonpharmacological treatment strategies like deep brain stimulation could be applied to refractory chronic pain if safe and effective brain targets are identified. The anterior insula is a putative mediator of pain-related affective-motivational and cognitive-evaluative cerebral processing. However, the effect of anterior insula stimulation on pain perception is still unknown. Here, the authors provide behavioral and neurophysiological evidence for stimulating the anterior insula as a means of potential therapeutic intervention for patients with chronic pain.

METHODS

Six patients with epilepsy in whom intracerebral electrodes had been implanted for seizure localization were recruited to the study. The direct anterior insula stimulations were performed in the inpatient epilepsy monitoring unit while subjects were fully awake, comfortable, and without sedating medications. The effects of anterior insula stimulation were assessed with quantitative sensory testing for heat pain threshold, nociceptive-specific cutaneous laser-evoked potentials, and intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Control stimulation of noninsular brain regions was performed to test stimulation specificity. Sham stimulations, in which no current was delivered, were also performed to control for potential placebo effects. The safety of these stimulations was evaluated by bedside physicians, real-time intracranial EEG monitoring, and electrocardiogram recordings.

RESULTS

Following anterior insula stimulations, the heat pain threshold of each patient significantly increased from baseline (p < 0.001) and correlated with stimulation intensity (regression analysis: β = 0.5712, standard error 0.070, p < 0.001). Significant changes in ongoing intracranial EEG frequency band powers (p < 0.001), reduction in laser pain intensity, and attenuated laser-evoked potentials were also observed following stimulations. Furthermore, the observed behavioral and neurophysiological effects persisted beyond the stimulations. Subjects were not aware of the stimulations, and there were no cardiovascular or untoward effects.

CONCLUSIONS

Additional, nonpharmacological therapies are imperative for the future management of chronic pain conditions and to mitigate the ongoing opioid crisis. This study suggests that direct stimulation of the anterior insula can safely alter cerebral pain processing in humans. Further investigation of the anterior insula as a potential target for therapeutic neuromodulation is underway.
Pilot study on the effects of low intensity focused ultrasound in a swine model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Hellman Abigail , Maietta Teresa , Clum Alicia , Byraju Kanakaharini , Raviv Nataly , Staudt Michael D. , Jeannotte Erin , Ghoshal Goutam , Shin Damian , Neubauer Paul , Williams Emery , Heffter Tamas , Burdette Clif , Qian Jiang , Nalwalk Julia , Pilitsis Julie G.
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE

The authors’ laboratory has previously demonstrated beneficial effects of noninvasive low intensity focused ultrasound (liFUS), targeted at the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), for reducing allodynia in rodent neuropathic pain models. However, in rats the DRG is 5 mm below the skin when approached laterally, while in humans the DRG is typically 5–8 cm deep. Here, using a modified liFUS probe, the authors demonstrated the feasibility of using external liFUS for modulation of antinociceptive responses in neuropathic swine.

METHODS

Two cohorts of swine underwent a common peroneal nerve injury (CPNI) to induce neuropathic pain. In the first cohort, pigs (14 kg) were iteratively tested to determine treatment parameters. liFUS penetration to the L5 DRG was verified by using a thermocouple to monitor tissue temperature changes and by measuring nerve conduction velocity (NCV) at the corresponding common peroneal nerve (CPN). Pain behaviors were monitored before and after treatment. DRG was evaluated for tissue damage postmortem. Based on data from the first cohort, a treatment algorithm was developed, parameter predictions were verified, and neuropathic pain was significantly modified in a second cohort of larger swine (20 kg).

RESULTS

The authors performed a dose-response curve analysis in 14-kg CPNI swine. Specifically, after confirming that the liFUS probe could reach 5 cm in ex vivo tissue experiments, the authors tested liFUS in 14-kg CPNI swine. The mean ± SEM DRG depth was 3.79 ± 0.09 cm in this initial cohort. The parameters were determined and then extrapolated to larger animals (20 kg), and predictions were verified. Tissue temperature elevations at the treatment site did not exceed 2°C, and the expected increases in the CPN NCV were observed. liFUS treatment eliminated pain guarding in all animals for the duration of follow-up (up to 1 month) and improved allodynia for 5 days postprocedure. No evidence of histological damage was seen using Fluoro-Jade and H&E staining.

CONCLUSIONS

The results demonstrate that a 5-cm depth can be reached with external liFUS and alters pain behavior and allodynia in a large-animal model of neuropathic pain.
ANALISIS INTENSITAS RADIASI MEDAN MAGNET MATAHARI
Authors: Sudarti Sudarti , Laili Sherly Nur
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKMedan magnet ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) merupakan spektrum gelombang elektromagnetik yang frekuensinya 0-300 Hz. Matahari sumber kehidupan yang memancarkan energinya ke bumi dalam bentuk radiasi gelombang elektromagnetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan intensitas radiasi medan magnet alamiah matahari didalam ruangan dan diluar ruangan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen. Pengukuran intensitas radiasi medan magnet oleh matahari menggunakan alat Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Meter dan thermometer. Penelitian dilakukan mulai pukul 06.00 – 15.00 WIB dimana semakin siang temperatur medan magnet dan radiasi matahari semakin meningkat, kemudian suhu dan intensitas menurun seiring dengan terbenamnya matahari. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan menggunakan SPSS dengan metode interpretasi data. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan data diluar ruangan memiliki hasil lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan data hasil penelitian di dalam ruangan yakni rerata suhu didalam ruangan 29,5˚C, 31˚C, 32,36˚C,dan 31,7˚C sedangkan diluar ruangan 30,9˚C, 32,9˚C, 33,4˚C, 32˚C. Rerata medan magnet didalam ruangan sebesar 0,044, 0,224, 0,262, dan 0,326, sedangkan diluar ruangan sebesar 0,098, 0,324, 0,418, dan 0,398.  Data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi intensitas radiasi matahari mengakibatkan temperatur bumi, dan medan magnet semakin tinggi. Kata kunci: intensitas;matahari; medan magnet;radiasi. ABSTRACTElf magnetic field (Extremely Low Frequency) is a spectrum of electromagnetic waves whose frequency is 0-300 Hz. Sun is a source of life that emits its energy to earth in the form of electromagnetic wave radiation. This study aims to compare the radiation intensity of natural magnetic fields by the sun indoors and outdoors. The type of research used is experimental research. Measurement of magnetic field radiation intensity by the sun using EMF Meter and thermometer. The research was conducted from 06.00 – 15.00 WIB where the more daylight the temperature of the magnetic field and solar radiation increases, then the temperature and intensity decreases with the sunset. Data analysis techniques used using SPSS with data interpretation methods. The results showed that outdoor data had higher results compared to the data of indoor research results, namely the average indoor temperature of 29.5°C, 31°C, 32.36°C, and 31.7°C while outdoors 30.9°C, 32.9°C, 33.4°C, 32°C. The average indoor magnetic field is 0.044, 0.224, 0.262, and 0.326, while outdoors is 0.098, 0.324, 0.418, and 0.398.  Research data shows that the higher the intensity of solar radiation results in the Earth's temperature, and the magnetic field gets higher. Keywords: intensity;sun; magnetic field;radiation.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH FLUIDA DINAMIS DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STUDENT ORIENTED
Authors: Ayub Syahrial , Afifah Gusti , Verawati Ni Nyoman Sri Putu , Hikmawati Hikmawati
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKMengajar berpikir kritis kepada peserta didik di sekolah menengah telah menjadi perhatian dalam beberapa dekade terakhir.  Pembelajaran menggunakan model student oriented diharapkan mampu menggerakkan peserta didik berpikir kritis dan selanjutnya melakukan investigasi dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik dalam pemecahan masalah fluida dinamis dengan model pembelajaran student oriented. Tujuan ini akan dicapai dengan melakukan penelitian eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest-postest. Penelitian melibatkan 17 peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 8 di SMA Negeri 2 Mataram yang menjadi sampel penelitian. Kemampuan berpikir kritis diukur menggunakan 10 instrumen tes yang berbentuk essay. Instrumen tes yang digunakan telah teruji validitas dan reliabilitasnnya. Data kemampuan berpikir kritis dianalisis secara deskriptif dan statistik. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran student oriented pada pemecahan masalah fluida dinamis pada peserta didik mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajarnya. Kata kunci : kemampuan berpikir kritis; model pembelajaran student oriented ABSTRACTTeaching critical thinking to secondary school has been a concern in the last few decades. Learning using the student-oriented model is expected to be able to move students to think critically and then carry out investigations in learning.The experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. This research involving 17 students of class XI MIPA 8 at SMA Negeri 2 Mataram as a research sample. Critical thinking ability were measured using 10 essay test items. The test instrument used has been tested for validity and reliability. The data of critical thinking ability were analyzed descriptively and statistically. The results showed that the application of the student-oriented learning model to solving dynamic fluid problems in students was able to improve their critical thinking skills and learning outcomes. Keywords: critical thinking ability; student oriented learning model
Public sector reform in emerging economies: Does privatisation matter?
Authors: Abdeldayem Marwan Mohamed , Al Dulaimi Saeed Hameed
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:

Privatisation policies have aroused enormous interest in both developed and developing countries. Previous research findings reveal that privately owned companies are more efficient and profitable than comparable state owned enterprises (SOEs). Moreover, it has been argued that these reforms would be even more effective if accompanied by privatisation. As a result, privatisation that aims to enhance the performance of SOEs has been regarded as one of the key features of emerging economies.

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which the benefits of privatisation have been achieved in emerging economies. In particular, the study assesses the developmental changes and improvements in the performance of privatised companies in Egypt as an emerging economy.

METHODS:

This study was carried out in three stages. First, it was felt necessary to obtain a broad overview of the effect of the Egyptian privatisation programme on the performance of the privatised companies by analyzing secondary data of privatized companies. Second, in an attempt to obtain a more precise understanding of the impact of privatisation, an online questionnaire survey was distributed to the finance managers of 56 privatised companies during the period September 2020 to January 2021. Third, a series of semi-structured interviews were undertaken with senior managers in 8 different privatised companies. The purpose of these interviews was to supplement and amplify the themes and issues that had arisen from stages I and II of the research.

RESULTS:

The findings reveal that privatisation improved the process of accountability within the company and efficiency gains is the most important advantage of privatisation.

CONCLUSIONS:

The study concludes that privatisation leads to more difficulty in safeguarding the interests of the weaker groups in society.