bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sweetpotato Response to Simulated Glyphosate Wick Drip
Authors: Meyers Stephen L. , Jennings Katherine M. , Monks David W.
Published: August 2016

Field studies were conducted in 2009 at Clinton, NC and 2014 at Pontotoc, MS to determine the influence of simulated glyphosate drip on sweetpotato yield and quality. Treatments consisted of three glyphosate solution (140 g ae L–1) drip volumes (0.16, 0.32 and 0.48 ml) by four application timings [(4 wk after transplanting (WAP); 6 WAP; 8 WAP; and 4 WAP followed by (fb) 6 WAP fb 8 WAP]. A non-treated check was included for comparison. Visual sweetpotato injury consisted of chlorosis at the shoot tips approximately 1 wk after treatment fb necrosis and stunting. At 6 WAP and 8 WAP, sweetpotato injury following glyphosate applied 4 WAP was 71 and 65%, respectively. Injury from glyphosate applied 4 WAP fb 6 WAP was 78%. Injury from glyphosate applied 6 WAP was 26% at 8 WAP. In 2009, jumbo, no. 1, canner, and marketable yield of the non-treated check were two to three times greater than glyphosate treatments (0.16, 0.32, 0.48 ml). Likewise, yield of the non-treated check was substantially greater than those treated with 0.16 to 0.48 ml glyphosate solution in 2014. In 2009 and 2014, sweetpotato yield of all grades increased as glyphosate application timing was delayed. In 2009, no. 1 yield from glyphosate 8 WAP (8,210 kg ha–1) was similar to the non-treated check. In 2009, there were no cracked storage roots in the non-treated check. However, sweetpotatoes receiving 0.16 to 0.48 ml glyphosate solution displayed 8 to 17%, 11 to 18%, 5 to 13%, and 11 to 16% cracking (by weight) in jumbo, no. 1, canner, and marketable storage roots, respectively. Compared to the non-treated check, glyphosate applied 4 WAP, 6 WAP, or 4 WAP fb 6 WAP fb 8 WAP had a greater percentage of cracked marketable sweetpotato storage roots.
The influence of physico-chemical properties of fly ash and CKD on strength generation of high-volume fly ash concrete
Authors: Sadique Monower , Coakley Eoin
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a laboratory study on the use of cement kiln dust (CKD) as an activator of fly ash when used in high volumes within concrete. Two separate batches of fly ash and CKD were tested to assess the effect of material variability on binder properties and compressive strength gain. Ternary blends of fly ash (55–65%), CEM 1 (30%) and CKD (5–15%) and quaternary blends that included moderate amounts (15–18·5%) of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) were prepared. Physico-chemical properties of individual binder materials were compared and concrete compressive strength was measured at 2 d, 7 d and 28 d. Ternary blends of 60% fly ash, 30% cement and 10% CKD resulted in moderate early age and 28 d strength and addition of GGBS enhanced strength significantly due to increased ettringite formation. Particle fineness, water demand and loss on ignition content of fly ash, and calcium oxide and sulfur trioxide content of CKD were found to be the main physico-chemical factors that influence compressive strength gain.
Under a Foreign Flag: Integrating Foreign Units and Personnel in the British and German Armed Forces, 1940–1945
Authors: O'Connor Steven , Gutmann Martin
Published: August 2016

Under a Foreign Flag: Integrating Foreign Units and Personnel in the British and German Armed Forces, 1940-1945

Significant numbers of foreign personnel served in the British and German armed forces during the Second World. Yet there is no study that compares and situates these armed forces as multinational entities. This article examines Britain's and Germany's policies towards the recruitment, organisation and employment of non-nationals in their armed forces during this conflict. There were several forms of multinational participation but this study focuses on recruits who came from German-occupied or neutral countries. It was in these units that the exchanges and tensions of the multinational militaries were most profoundly felt. The article finds that though there was significant transnational military co-operation, this did not erode the primacy of the nation state. In both the British and German cases, the multinational forces served as a stage on which ethnic and national tensions played out and, at times, were amplified. Arguably the most important aspect of the multinational forces was their legacy. For Britain and her European allies, the experience created willing partners for closer multinational military cooperation in the post-war world.
The Garibaldian Volunteers in France during the First World War
Authors: Heyriès Hubert
Published: August 2016

The Garibaldian Volunteers in France during the First World War

This article traces the history of some 2300 Italian volunteers who formed part of the Garibaldi Legion, which was incorporated into the French Foreign Legion, from November 1914 to March 1915. Led by Peppino Garibaldi, Giuseppe Garibaldi's grandson, the Legion consisted of Italian immigrants who lived in France as well as artists, political activists and others who came from Italy. The article examines the diverse motivations that prompted these volunteers to enlist. It also assesses the wartime conduct of the Legion, which was decimated by German troops in Argonne in December 1914 and January 1915. Finally, the article illustrates how, once their military role ended, the memory of these Garibaldian volunteers was used to serve various propagandistic and political purposes. In spring 1915, the fallen volunteers and the veterans were used by interventionists to urge neutral Italy to join the war on the Allies’ side. During the interwar period, their memory was exploited by both fascists and the anti-fascists.
Legitimacy by Proxy: Searching for a Usable past through the International Brigades in Spain's Post-Franco Democracy, 1975–2015
Authors: Marco Jorge , Anderson Peter
Published: August 2016

Legitimacy by Proxy: Searching for a Usable past through the International Brigades in Spain's Post-Franco Democracy, 1975-2015

This article breaks new ground by studying the impact of members of the International Brigades in Spain and analysing the ways in which Spanish political groups have been making use of the memory of the Brigades since the end of the Franco regime in 1975. It shows that the veterans of the International Brigades played the role of agents of democracy between 1975 and 1977. Between 1977 and 1988, a time when invoking the past carried political risks, left-wing groups in Spain constructed a memory of the volunteers as proxies, and the memory granted the groups the space that they needed to vindicate their own anti-fascist struggle. With the final crisis and collapse of the Soviet Union, the Left moved away from ideology and, for good measure, made use of ethical reasons to demand recognition for the Spanish victims of General Franco. Increasingly, the International Brigades were remembered not as proxies but as part of a struggle to acknowledge the sufferings of the Spaniards.
Cinética de crecimiento de Lactobacillus lactis y determinación del efecto probiótico en cepas patógenas
Authors: Jurado-Gámez Henry , Jarrín-Jarrín Verónica
Published: August 2016

Introducción: Las bacterias ácido-lácticas se han estudiado por su capacidad de crecer en ambientes difíciles y generar antagonismos con otros microorganismos. La presente investigación buscó determinar los parámetros de la cinética de crecimiento de Lactobacillus lactis y su efecto probiótico sobre Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Clostridium perfringens y Staphylococcus aureus. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó el crecimiento de la cepa láctica a concentraciones de 0,5, 1 y 2% de sales biliares; 1 y 1,5% de bilis; tres niveles de pH (2,5, 4,5 y 7) y dos de temperaturas (38 y 45°C). También se evalúo la susceptibilidad de todas las cepas a los antibióticos Dicloxacilina, Cefepime, Cefalotina, Ciprofloxacina, Pentamicina y Penicilina con la técnica de Kirby-Bauer. Se determinó la inhibición de L. lactis y su sobrenadante en E. coli, S. typhimurium, C. perfringens y S. aureus y se estimaron los parámetros de: crecimiento, pH, consumo de azúcar, acidez y consumo de proteína durante la cinética de fermentación en medio MRS. Se determinaron péptidos presentes en el sobrenadante de L. lactis mediante HPLC. Resultados: Se obtuvo un crecimiento de 1,2 x 109 y 4,1 x 109 ufc/ml a 1,2% de bilis y a 0,5% de sales biliares; 1,1 x 1011, 2,1 x 1010 y 1,0 x 1010 ufc/ml para pH 2,5, 4,5 y 7 respectivamente; y 1,7 x 1013 y 1,4 x 1013 ufc/ml para 45 y 38°C. La cepa láctica presentó resistencia a Dicloxacilina y Cefalotina; C. perfringens, a Dicloxacilina y Penicilina; S. typhimurium y E. coli, a Cefalotina; y S. aureus, a Dicloxacilina. L. lactis inhibió a E. coli y C. perfringens, y el sobrenadante incluyó a S. aureus. Conclusión: Se concluye que L. lactis presenta adecuados crecimientos en condiciones in vitro e inhibió a E. coli, C. perfringens y S. aureus pero no a S. typhimurium.
9-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]anthracene and 9-[(E)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethenyl]anthracene as traps for singlet oxygen: photosensitized oxidation and photodynamic effect on Leishmania tarentolae parasites
Authors: Marín-Londoño Carlos Alberto , Brand Steve B. , Ríos-Vásquez3 Luz Amalia , Ocampo-Cardona Rogelio , Jones Marjorie A. , Cedeño David L.
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Singlet oxygen is a reactive species obtained via energy transfer using a photosensitizer. Its direct quantification requires expensive instrumentation, so it is necessary to use indirect methods having sufficient selectivity and low cost. These procedures are based on the chemical interception of singlet oxygen producing a species that can be detected using conventional analytical methods. This article describes the utilization of 9-[(E)-2- phenylethenyl]anthracene 1 (PEA) and 9-[(E)-2- (naphtalen-2-yl)ethenyl]anthracene 2 (NEA) as suitable and economic alternatives for the indirect quantification of singlet oxygen in aqueous media. Their advantage is the easy detection of their fluorescence once they are oxidized by singlet oxygen. Materials and Methods: Compounds were synthesized and characterized following procedures previously reported. Their capacity to trap singlet oxygen was determined by monitoring their photosensitized oxidation in either a H2 O/THF solution or within Leishmania tarentolae parasites, utilizing methylene blue or rose bengal as photosensitizers. Experimental samples were illuminated with a lamp emitting visible light, while spectroscopical techniques (absorption, fluorescence, 1 H-NMR) and mass spectrometry were used to monitor trapping and photooxidation. Results and Discussion: Spectroscopical evidence demonstrates that both PEA 1 and NEA 2 are capable of trapping singlet oxygen in both aqueous media and within L. tarentolae parasites. Viability studies demonstrate that PEA 1 is cytotoxic in the dark and when parasite cultures were exposed to light, while NEA 2 does not show dark cytotoxicity, but is toxic when cultures were exposed to light. It can be concluded that both compounds under study may be utilized as probes to detect and quantify the production of singlet oxygen in aqueous media and potentially in cell cultures, although it is recommended to evaluate their cytotoxic activity both in the dark and upon light exposure in these cases.
Caracterización de neoplasias mamarias mediante espectroscopia de impedancia eléctrica: modelo canino
Authors: Aristizábal William , Eraso María F. , Alzate Luis H. , Cruz Jorge , Pedraza Francisco J.
Published: August 2016

Introducción: La espectroscopia de impedancia eléctrica (EIE) es una técnica fácil de usar y de bajo costo que se puede utilizar para analizar tejidos biológicos en condiciones normales o patológicas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar neoplasias de glándula mamaria benignas y malignas aplicando la técnica EIE en muestras extraídas de 45 caninos hembras (Canis lupus familiaris). Métodos: Se utilizó un medidor de impedancia eléctrica, Hioki 3532-50, para determinar los parámetros bioeléctricos: resistencia de la matriz extracelular (R), resistencia de la matriz intracelular (S), frecuencia característica (Fc) y capacitancia de membrana (Cm) en un rango de frecuencias entre 42 Hz y 5 MHz y se analizaron estadísticamente mediante la prueba no paramétrica U de Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) de dos colas. La precisión diagnóstica de la EIE se efectuó a través de curvas características de operación del receptor (COR) y tablas de doble entrada, con la histopatología como referencia. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el tejido mamario sano y las neoplasias benignas para los parámetros R, Fc y Cm, p-value < 0,05. Entre tejido mamario sano y neoplasias mamarias malignas se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para R y Fc con un p-value < 0,05. La comparación entre lesiones tumorales benignas y malignas no presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas, p-value > 0,05, para ninguna de las variables incluidas en este estudio. Conclusiones: De los parámetros analizados por EIE, la resistencia de la matriz extracelular es la que mejor permite diferenciar entre tejidos mamarios normales y neoplásicos. La EIE es una herramienta diagnóstica potencial que puede ser utilizada en la detección de cáncer mamario, con una precisión diagnóstica cercana al 80%.
Ways of approaching truth: tracing the source of inflationary theories of truth’s predicament
Authors: Kagayutan Boongaling John Ian
Published: August 2016

Las teorías inflacionarias de la verdad son propensas al problema del alcance. Éste consiste en identificar una única explicación que podría cubrir los diversos enunciados que la mayoría de nosotros estamos dispuestos a aceptar como verdaderos. Este problema también se puede expresar de otra manera: a las teorías inflacionarias de la verdad les resulta difícil identificar una única propiedad que todos los enunciados verdaderos deben compartir para pertenecer a la clase de los enunciados verdaderos. En este orden de ideas, el texto trata de rastrear el origen de esta situación. Se mostrará que la raíz del problema se remonta a los inicios de la filosofía occidental. En el proceso, ofreceré una distinción que puede ayudar a explicar por qué las teorías inflacionarias de la verdad son propensas al problema del alcance. Dicho en términos más generales, se argumenta que el mismo enfoque (o metodología) que estas teorías emplean las hace propensas a dicho problema.
Reducción de los tiempos de cómputo de la Migración Sísmica usando FPGAs y GPGPUs: Un artículo de revisión
Authors: Fajardo Carlos , Castillo Villar Javier , Pedraza César
Published: August 2016

Este artículo hace una revisión entorno a los esfuerzos que actualmente se están realizando con el propósito de reducir el tiempo de cómputo de la MS. Nosotros introducimos los métodos más utilizados para realizar el proceso de Migración, así como también las dos arquitecturas computacionales que están ofreciendo mejores tiempos de procesamiento. Revisamos las implementaciones más representativas de este proceso sobre estas dos tecnologías y resumimos los aportes de cada una de estas investigaciones. El artículo ﬁnaliza con un análisis acerca de la dirección que deben tomar futuras investigaciones en esta área.
Error estimates for a multidimensional meshfree Galerkin method with diﬀuse derivatives and stabilization
Authors: Osorio Mauricio , French Donald
Published: August 2016

A meshfree method with diffuse derivatives and a penalty stabilization is developed. An error analysis for the approximation of the solution of a general elliptic differential equation, in several dimensions, with Neumann boundary conditions is provided. Theoretical and numerical results show that the approximation error and the convergence rate are better than the diffuse element method.
Assessment of Some Biomarkers in Liver, Kidney and Stomach Following Pineapple Juice Administration
Authors: Oyesola Tolulope O. , Oyesola Olusoji A. , Odukoya S.O. Ayodeji , Adelodun Stephen Taiye
Published: August 2016

This study looked into the physiochemical assessment of kidney, liver and stomach following pineapple juice (PJ) administration in normal Wistar rats. Thirty-two young male Wistar rats weighing between 180 - 200 g were used for this study. The juice was administered through oral cannula for 30 days. The animals were grouped into four (A-D). Group A received 3 ml of distilled water (Control), Group B received 3 ml/kg PJ, Group C received 6 ml/kg PJ administered at 3 ml twice daily and Group D received 9 ml/kg PJ at 3 ml three times daily for one month. Blood samples were collected a day post-administration through cardiac puncture for hematological and biochemical studies. Mucosal tissues were scraped from the stomach and homogenized to check for total protein and some other gastric enzymes. The study showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in cholesterol and triglycerides (113.4 ± 1.60-104.4 ± 1.66 and 104.4 ± 1.66-74.0 ± 2.95) while low density and high density lipoproteins showed no significant difference. Electrolyte concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, urea and creatinine showed significant decreases. Liver enzyme parameters were significantly increased (P > 0.05) for ALP (40.0 ± 4.05 -79.4 ± 6.61 IU/L), AST (115.2 ± 1.46-178.4 ± 2.00 IU/L), ALT (86.0 ± 2.68-72.2 ± 3.90 IU/L) and ALB (3.16 ± 0.09 - 3.84 ± 0.02 IU/L). Results of Total Protein showed a significant increase while bilirubin is insignificantly different compared with the control. Results for SOD, TBAR, CATAL and MDA showed no significant differences. The study revealed that the hematological parameters assayed: Hb (11.85 ± 2.0 - 14.12 ± 1.5 g/100 ml), RBC count (6.27 ± 0.1-9.92 ± 1.5×106/mm3) and Total WBC counts (2.35 ± 0.6 - 4.47 ± 0.5 × 103/mm3) were significantly higher (P < 0.05). We concluded that the oral administration of PJ to Wistar rats for one month is beneficial by reducing cholesterol level and some toxic gastric enzymes. It also increased hematopoietic outputs, and served as an immune booster judging from the Total WBC count results while its effect on liver function is minimal based on this present study
A classifier driven approach to find biomarkers for affective disorders from transcription profiles in blood
Authors: Mazin Wiktor , A. Tamm2 Joseph , A Antonijevic Irina , Abdourahman Aicha , Das Munish , Artymyshyn Roman , Søgaard Birgitte , Walker Mary , Savic Danka , Matic Gordana , Damjanović Svetozar , Gether Ulrik , Werge Thomas , V. Kessing Lars , Ullum Henrik , Haastrup Eva , Vermetten Eric , Markovitz Paul , Mosekilde Erik , P.G. Gerald Christophe
Published: August 2016

Gene expression profiles in blood are increasingly being used to identify biomarkers for different affective disorders. We have selected a set of 29 genes to generate expression profiles for healthy control subjects as well as for patients diagnosed with acute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Measurements were performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Using the actual data in an anonymous form we constructed a series of artificial data sets with known gene expression profiles. These sets were used to test 14 classification algorithms and feature selection methods for their ability to identify the correct expression patterns. Application of the three most effective algorithms to the actual expression data showed that control subjects can be distinguished from BPD patients based on differential expression levels of the gene transcripts Gi2, GR and MAPK14, targets that may have links to stress related diseases. Controls can also be distinguished from acute PTSD patients by differential expression levels of the transcripts for ERK2 and RGS2 that are known to be associated with mood disorders and social anxiety. We conclude that it is possible to identify informative transcription profiles in blood samples from individuals with affective disorders.
A jövő generáció problémakezelési és jövőorientációs dilemmái egy hátrányos helyzetű térségben
Authors: Bogárdi Tünde
Published: August 2016

Tanulmányomban az általam 2015 tavaszán Átány, Kömlő és Tiszanána (három dél-hevesi hátrányos helyzetű település) iskoláiban  végzett problémapercepció-kutatás eredményeit ismertetem. Kutatásomban a kérdés számomra az volt, hogy vajon a hátrányos helyzetű, pályaválasztás előtt álló fiatalok (a 7-8. osztályos tanulók) miként látják a saját jövőjüket, milyen tanulságokat lehet megfogalmazni az ő és az intézmény, intézményfenntartó szereplők véleményei alapján.
Három település marketingtevékenységének vizsgálata
Authors: Urbánné Treutz Ágnes
Published: August 2016

Elemzésem témája három, a dél-alföldi régióban, Csongrád megyében elhelyezkedő település: Domaszék, Csongrád és Szeged. A szekunder kutatásra épülő tanulmány célja a településmarketing szemszögéből megvizsgálni a három települést a marketing 4P eszközrendszerére támaszkodva, ezáltal felmérni a települések által alkalmazott marketingpolitikákat, és az egyes célcsoportok kitörési lehetőségeit az egyes településeken.
Expectations of the working enviroment – encounter civilization on the ocean liner
Authors: Balogh Andrea , Juhászné Klér Andrea , Rudnák Ildikó
Published: August 2016

The world of ocean liners is full of secrets for many people, but, of course, it is a very special working environment by all means. During our examination we have undertaken to map the expectations and motivations of the employees coming from several continents together with some similarities and differences. Based on our results the similarities lying in the background of motivation can enhance cooperation and more intense encounters to a great extent even in spite of the intensive mental and physical burdens.
Regionális összefüggések a vidékgazdaság fejlesztésében
Authors: Káposzta József
Published: August 2016

A 90-es években a rendszerváltással, elsősorban a földtulajdon szerkezetének módosulásával és a piacgazdaság kialakulásával, a külső gazdasági-piaci kapcsolatok átrendeződésével a vidékgazdaság termelési szerkezete jelentős átalakuláson ment keresztül. Ennek során növekedtek a fejlett és a leszakadt területek közötti színvonalbeli különbségek. Nyilvánvalóan változásban van az e folyamatokat befolyásolni kívánó vidék- és területfejlesztési politika is. Ahhoz, hogy a változásokat megérthessük és fejlődési irányba elmozdíthassuk számos területi összefüggés megértésére van szükség. Összességében a területi differenciák és kialakult specializációk együttesen determinálják a hazai vidékgazdasági telephelyek kiválasztásának főbb összefüggéseit. Ezen tényezők összessége fejezi ki a mai magyar vidék valóságos térbeli rendszerét, amelynek hátterében egyszerre jelentkezik a vállalati és nemzetgazdasági érdek, a kisebb és a nagyobb egység érdekei szerint mért hatékonyság fokozásának lehetősége, összességében a vidéki élet minőségének javítása.
Modelo para análise do serviço de referência virtual: uma análise quantitativa
Authors: Damian Ieda Pelógia Martins
Published: August 2016

Com muitos recursos que ainda devem ser explorados, o serviço de referência virtual se relaciona com as maneiras de disponibilizar o serviço de referência por meio de tecnologia de informação, em benefício tanto das bibliotecas universitárias quanto dos usuários que interagem em ambiente digital. Dentro do contexto das bibliotecas universitárias, e através da análise de ferramentas desenvolvidas e utilizadas em contexto eletrônico, este estudo se propõe a desenvolver um modelo de análise do serviço de referência virtual a partir do ponto de vista de seus usuários, com o intuito de que os serviços de referência virtuais tenham seus valores realmente acrescidos. Este modelo foi utilizado e analisado junto aos usuários de serviço de referência virtual oferecidos por bibliotecas universitárias, para que desta forma pudesse ser validado e, consequentemente servir de instrumento de mensuração destes serviços.
Incompetências em informação: o caso da conveniência na busca por informação
Authors: Serafim Lucas Almeida , Araújo Freire Gustavo Henrique de
Published: August 2016

Este estudo analisa comportamentos de informação baseados em conveniência e suas implicações nas competências em informação de um grupo de professores do Ensino Superior. Mediante pesquisa participante, investiga-se as competências em informação por meio da coleta de dados de percepção e desempenho em atividade prática de busca de informação científica. Dentre as constatações, destaca-se o fato de a maior parte dos participantes fundamentar suas escolhas pelo uso das fontes mais por critérios baseados em conveniência (agilidade, acessibilidade etc.) do que aspectos relacionados a credibilidade e precisão do conteúdo veiculado. Transpondo ponto de vista instrumental e cognitivo – foco majoritário da pesquisa corrente em competências em informação, cujo produto principal é a geração de modelos de boas práticas – esse artigo discute a conveniência com base em abordagens sociocultural e positiva da informação. Conclui-se que a conveniência, ainda que potencialmente danosa para a qualidade da produção de conhecimento dos professores, chama atenção para a dimensão positiva da informação, ainda pouco explorada pelos cientistas da informação, cujos interesses investigativos estão centrados mais nos aspectos problemáticos e nas barreiras de acesso à informação, negligenciando o estudo de como as experiências prazerosas e profundas determinam a busca e uso da informação.
Comparative Study on Lipid Profile of Hypertensive Patients and Non-hypertensive Individuals in Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Aakash Srivastava  , BK Binawara
Published: August 2016

Cardiovascular diseases are the highest cause of death in the industrialized world, and many of these deaths may be work related. Hypertension is the most common of the cardio-vascular diseases which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the industrial world. Stress, tension, smoking, liquors, insufficient rest, metabolic disorders, excessive consumption of tea or coffee, emotional disturbance etc. are also associated with high blood pressure. Several previous studies showed the relation between hyperlipidemia and hypertension. An excessive daily intake of saturated fats, cholesterol, and other sources of calories and subsequent disturbance of lipid profile leading to hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia are associated with obesity and, consequently, hypertension. The present study was designed to compare the serum triglyceride, cholesterol, High Density Lipo-protein (HDL) and Low Density Lipo-protein (LDL levels in hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals. While the relation between hyperlipidemia and hypertension is clearly shown, there are only a few studies which have compared the lipid profiles of hypertensive and non-hypertensive cases.  The aim and objectives of the present case-control study were to find out the relationship between serum lipids levels of the hypertensive patients with controls in Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. This study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner and Department of General Medicine, Kothari Medical and Research Institute, Bikaner. Patients were selected randomly from the city, and the selected subjects were divided into two groups each comprising of 50 patients. Group I: untreated hypertension and served as study group; Group II: normotensive persons having normal Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (BP)    and served as a control group. Patients included in both the groups were assessed for lipid profile. Overall, it could be concluded that the serum lipid profile of recently diagnosed untreated hypertensive patient was deranged specially in a middle age group (the study group) as compared to healthy subjects. Based on the results obtained from the present study, it could be further envisaged that serum cholesterol; triglyceride levels are positively correlated with hypertensive patients whereas HDL-cholesterol has no significant changes with hypertension.
Demands of Geometry on Color Vision
Authors: Purves Dale , Yegappan Chidambaram
Published: August 2016

The reasons for the circular sense of human color perception generated by two sorts of color opponent neurons and three cone types are not well understood. Here we use geometrical analysis to examine the hypothesis that opponency, the recursive nature of color perception, and trichromacy arise as the most efficient ways of distinguishing spectrally different points on a plane using a minimum of color classes and receptor types.
Spatiotemporal Characterization of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) and CDOM-DOC Relationships for Highly-Polluted River
Authors: Li Sijia , Zhang Jiquan , Mu Guangyi , Ju Hanyu , Wang Rui , Li Danjun
Published: August 2016

Spectral characteristics of CDOM in water column are a key parameter for bio-optical modeling. Knowledge of CDOM optical properties and spatial discrepancy based on the relationship between water quality and spectral parameters in Yinma River watershed with in situ data collected highly-polluted waters are exhibited in this study. Seasonal field data sets collected over a period of 2 months in 2015 in Yinma River Watershed. Based on the comprehensive index method, the riverine waters showed serious contamination, especially the COD, Fe, Mn, Hg and DO were out of range contamination warning. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total suspended matter (TSM) with prominent non-homogenizing were significantly high in the riverine waters, but chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) was opposite. Ternary phase diagram showed that non-algal paritcles absorption played an important role in total non-water light absorption (>50%) in most sampling locations, and mean contribution of CDOM were 13% and 22% in summer and autumn respectively. Analysis of ratio of absorption at 250-365 nm (E250:365) and spectral slope (S275-295) indicated that CDOM had higher aromaticity and molecular weight in autumn than in summer, is consistent with the results of water quality and relative contribution. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the environmental variables OSM had a strong correlation with CDOM absorption, followed by heavy metal, e.g., Mn, Hg and Cr6+. However, for the specific UV absorbance (SUVA254), the seasonal values showed opposite results compared with the reported literature. The potential reasons were the more UDOM (uncolored Dissolved Organic Matter) from human source (wastewater effluent) existed in waters. Terrigenous inputs simultaneously are in relation to the aCDOM(440)-DOC relationship with the correlation coefficient was 0.90 in summer (2-tailed, p<0.01), and 0.58 in autumn (2-tailed, p<0.05). Spatial distribution of CDOM parameters exhibited that the downstream regions focused on dry land have high CDOM molecular weight and aromatic hydrocarbon. Partial sampling locations around the cities or countries generally showed abnormal values due to terrigenous inputs. As a bio-optical model parameter, spectral characteristic of CDOM is helpful in adjusting the derived algorithms in highly-polluted environments. The study on organic carbon and pollutants in highly-polluted waters had an important contribution to global carbon balance estimation and water environment protection.
Analytical Investigations on Carrier Phase Recovery in Dispersion-Unmanaged n-PSK Coherent Optical Communication Systems
Authors: Xu Tianhua , Jacobsen Gunnar , Popov Sergei , Li Jie , Liu Tiegen , Zhang Yimo , Bayvel Polina
Published: August 2016

Using coherent optical detection and digital signal processing, laser phase noise and equalization enhanced phase noise can be effectively mitigated using the feed-forward and feed-back carrier phase recovery approaches. In this paper, theoretical analyses of feed-back and feed-forward carrier phase recovery methods have been carried out in the long-haul high-speed n-level phase shift keying (n-PSK) optical fiber communication systems, involving a one-tap normalized least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm, a block-wise average algorithm, and a Viterbi-Viterbi algorithm. The analytical expressions for evaluating the estimated carrier phase and for predicting the bit-error-rate (BER) performance (such as the BER floors) have been presented and discussed in the n-PSK coherent optical transmission systems by considering both the laser phase noise and the equalization enhanced phase noise. The results indicate that the Viterbi-Viterbi carrier phase recovery algorithm outperforms the one-tap normalized LMS and the block-wise average algorithms for small phase noise variance (or effective phase noise variance), while the one-tap normalized LMS algorithm shows a better performance than the other two algorithms for large phase noise variance (or effective phase noise variance). In addition, the one-tap normalized LMS algorithm is more sensitive to the level of modulation formats.
METHANE EMISSION FROM DIRECT SEEDED RICE UNDER THE INFLUENCES OF RICE STRAW AND NITRIFICATION INHIBITOR
Authors: Wihardjaka A. , Tandjung S. Djalal , Sunarminto B. Hendro , Sugiharto Eko
Published: August 2016

Incorporation of rice straw into soil is a common practice to improve soil productivity and increase inorganic fertilizer availability. However, this practice could contribute to methane (CH4) emission; one of the greenhouse gases that causes global warming. Nitrification inhibitors such as neem cake and carbofuran may reduce methane emission following application of rice straw. The study aimed to evaluate the application of rice straw and nitrification inhibitor to methane emission in rainfed lowland rice system. A factorial randomized block design was used with three replications. The first factor was rice straw incorporation (5 t ha-1 fresh straw, 5 t ha-1 composted straw), and the second factor was nitrification inhibitor application (20 kg ha-1 neem cake, 20 kg ha-1 carbofuran). The experiment was conducted at rainfed lowland in Pati, Central Java, during 2009/2010 wet season. Ciherang variety was planted as direct seeded rice with spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm in each plot of 4 m x 5 m. The rice straw was treated together with soil tillage, whereas nitrification inhibitor was applied together with urea application. Parameters observed were methane flux, plant height, plant biomass, grain yield, organic C content, and bacterial population in soil. The methane flux and soil organic C were measured at 25, 45, 60, 75, and 95 days after emergence. The results showed that composted rice straw incorporation significantly emitted methane lower (73.2 ± 6.6 kg CH4 ha-1 season-1) compared to the fresh rice straw (93.5 ± 4.0 CH4 ha-1 season-1). Application of nitrification inhibitors neem cake and carbofuran reduced methane emission as much as 20.7 and 15.4 kg CH4 ha-1 season-1, respectively. Under direct seeded rice system, methane flux level correlated with plant biomass as shown by linear regression of Y = 0.0015 X + 0.0575 (R2 = 0.2305, n = 27). This means that higher plant biomass produced more methane flux. The study indicates that application of nitrification inhibitors such as neem cake is prospective in decreasing methane emission from direct seeded rice cropping.

 
NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION AND NITROGEN UPTAKE AFFECTED BY SOIL AMENDMENT AND NEMATICIDE IN RAINFED RICE SOILS AT CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Wihardjaka A. , Tandjung S. Djalal , Sunarminto B. Hendro , Sugiharto Eko
Published: August 2016

Rice cultivation is one of the antropogenic sources of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission that is produced by microbiological nitrification-denitrification processes. Incorporating soil amendment in rainfed rice soil attempted to increase soil productivity, while nematicide application aimed to maintain root growth system. Incorporating soil amendment and nematicide application are predicted to suppress N2O production in lowland rice. The objective of this research was to study the interaction of soil organic amendment and nematicide on N2O emission and nitrogen uptake from rainfed lowland rice soils. A field experiment was conducted in rainfed lowland rice soils during 2010/2011 wet season (direct seeded rice) and 2011 dry season (transplanted rice). The 3 x 3 factorial trial was arranged in a randomized completely block design with three replications. The first factor was soil amendment consisted of without rice straw, fresh rice straw and composted rice straw. The second factor was nematicide application consisted of without nematicide, neemcake and carbofuran. Variables measured were N2O flux, rice grain yield and nitrogen uptake. Incorporation of fresh and composted rice straws reduced N2O flux about 49.2% and 59.9% in transplanted rice, and 32.9% and 28.2% in direct seeded rice, respectively. The neemcake application reduced N2O emission about 44-50%, while carbofuran application decreased N2O emission by 23-35%. Neemcake has a good potential as nitrification inhibitor of N2O emission, so the neem trees have a prospect to be cultivated intensively. The reduction of N2O emission was effective in direct seeded rice system with the application of neemcake and fresh rice straw, however, in transplanted rice system it was effective with neemcake and composted rice straw applications.
EFFICACY OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA IN REDUCING PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODE Pratylenchus brachyurus
Authors: Harni Rita , Supramana Supramana , Supriadi Supriadi
Published: August 2016

Pratylenchus brachyurus is a major parasitic nematode on patchouli that reduces plant production up to 85%. The use of endophytic bacteria is promising for controlling nematode and promoting plant growth through production of phytohormones and enhancing the availability of soil nutrients. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of endophytic bacteria to control P. brachyurus on patchouli plant and its influence on plant productions (plant fresh weight and patchouli oil). The study was conducted at Cimanggu Experimental Garden and Laboratory of the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMECRI), Bogor, West Java. The experi-ment was designed in a randomized block with seven treatments and eight replications; each replication consisted of 10 plants. The treatments evaluated were five isolates of endophytic bacteria (Achromobacter xylosoxidans TT2, Alcaligenes faecalis NJ16, Pseudomonas putida EH11, Bacillus cereus MSK and Bacillus subtilis NJ57), synthetic nematicide as a reference, and non-treated plant as a control.  Four-week old patchouli plants of cv. Sidikalang were treated by soaking the roots in suspension of endophytic bacteria (109 cfu  ml-1) for one hour before trans-planting to the field. At one month after planting, the plants were drenched with the bacterial suspension as much as 100 ml per plant. The results showed that applications of the endophytic bacteria could suppress the nematode populations (52.8-80%) and increased plant weight (23.62-57.48%) compared to the control. The isolate of endophytic bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans TT2 was the best and comparable with carbofuran.
Macro-economic model of aggregate market in the Albanian economy, and relevant problems thereto
Authors: Naqellari Dr.Sc. Alqi
Published: August 2016

This paper uses concrete data obtained on the Albanian economy to analyse the positions of aggregate demand/supply curves in the economy. As examples from micro-economics, we have taken the models of Ŵalras and Marshall, to view the possibilities of achieving an economic equilibrium. Data available from the Albanian economy, and from the global economic trends generally, have shown that the positions of curves are such, with differences in their inclination, while the classic position of the aggregate demand curve, with a negative trend, studied in the macro-economic theory, is unique. Therefore, our objective is to try and show the scholars of the field that the macro-economic problems must be viewed in this light, and not through the static scheme used so far.The equilibrium is met not only when the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves are met, meaning when the aggregate expenditure are equal to aggregate production, but it exists at every moment, independently of whether it is consistent or not, while the pricing trends continue to increase, similar to two other aggregates. The understanding of such a situation should give the possibility to governments and other policy-making institutions to review their positions and relations with monetary and fiscal indicators, in a view of making the organic connection, and increasing their working effectiveness. The paper aims to show how one can define the relation between monetary and fiscal policies necessary to see their role and relevance in the economic growth of a country.
EU practices of education staff planning (Application of econometric models)
Authors: Surdulli Mr.Sc. Sahit , Pula Mr.Sc. Lekë
Published: August 2016

The aim of the paper is to give an overview of the real situation, experiences and developments in planning the education system staffing with the use of Econometric Models in Kosovo. Based on the research results and theoretical/scientific achievements as well as practices in the field of these models in EU Countries and wider, suggest application of these Econometric models to Kosovo Institutions for the purpose of adequate planning of needs for new cadre in the education system based on certain level of economic development. The paper will in present the mathematic-economic dimension of the research of education system in a thorough manner. The paper does not analyze the complicated network of interaction between education in one hand, and other components of life quality on the other hand, and does not make a research of the education system quality, but rather the quantitative aspect of education system, as a subsystem of the social system in general. Education is not only limited to production of knowledge, but has an irreplaceable role in creation of many other cultural values. The paper is dedicated to Econometric Modeling in general, where the three internationally recognized models, the relatively complicated education models, and the relatively simple model but in our view very practical as a forecast models namely the regression model, have been presented in an analytical manner.The research results indicated that there is great interdependence between the economic growth norm in the country in one hand and the attained educational results on the economy of knowledge on the other hand. The interdependence between the number of workers and their qualification structure and the results attained in the education field in models, was expressed through equations. The Empiriev model as a concrete model for planning the necessary education cadre for certain levels of economic development is based on the basic model of Tinbergen – Bos. The coefficient values of regression reflect the form and intensity of interdependency between the number of students per million inhabitants and the national income per capita.
Labour market and the charasteristics of unemployment in Kosovo
Authors: Haziri MSc. Artan
Published: August 2016

Kosovo, given its difficult past, is the most underdeveloped country of Europe. Gross national product is the lowest in the region, in 2009 was 1853 Euros per capita, which is half the value of the average gross natio-nal product of the region. Average economic growth in Kosovo during 2006-2009 was 4.8%. This economic growth, although seemingly large, given the low level of development in Kosovo cannot solve problems to address important economic issues that Kosovo faces, unemployment, poverty etc. Kosovo has a large import of goods and the export-import cover is only 10%, thus the trade deficit is extremely high. Unemploy-ment remains the main economic problem for many years in Kosovo. The unemployment rate in Kosovo remains high even though there are no clear statistics about the rate of unemployment. According to many stu-dies, whether local or international institutions, the unemployment rate ranges near 40%. So this high rate of unemployment  imposes as a pri-mary and essential task before the Kosovo institutions to establish poli-cies and strategies for promoting employment which is undoubtedly the best way to combat poverty.According to many studies, in order to keep the unemployment at current levels, Kosovo needs a growth rate of 7% and therefore we conclude that in order to reduce unemployment, the growth should be significantly increased over 7%, and with current developments this is unachievable, neither it is expected to be achieved by the competent institutions regarding economical growth
European union mission for the rule of law in Kosovo
Authors: Gashi Dr.Sc. Bejtush
Published: August 2016

Here we have studied the international circumstances that have affected the deployment of the EULEX Mission in Kosovo. The EULEX mission is the European Union Mission for the Rule of Law in Kosovo. Its main goal is to advise, assist and support the Kosovo authorities in issues of the rule of law, especially in the field of police, judiciary and customs performance. Also this mission has the responsibility to develop and further strengthen the independent multi-ethnic justice system in Kosovo, by ensuring that the rule of law institutions are not politically influenced and that they meet the known international standards and best European practices. This mission was foreseen to be deployed to Kosovo, based on the Ahtissari Comprehensive Status Proposal for Kosovo, but due to its non-approval by the UN Security Council, its full implementation was delayed until December 2008. EULEX acts within the framework of Resolution 1244 of the UN Security Council and under a single chain of command in Brussels. EULEX officials have supported Kosovo Police, the Judiciary system and Kosovo Customs, through MMA actions for achieving objectives and goals that are foreseen by the program strategy of EULEX. But in terms of efficiency, EULEX has only achieved modest results. In the northern part of Kosovo, EULEX has failed, as a result of its ambivalent mandate and incoherence of EU Foreign and Security Policy.
Demineralization of root canal dentine with EDTA and citric acid in different concentrations, pH and application times
Authors: Ajeti Mr.Sc. Nexhmije , Hoxha Dr.Sc. Veton , Elezi Dr.Sc. Xhevdet , Apostolska Dr.Sc. Sonja , Vula Mr.Sc. Violeta , Krasniqi Mr.Sc. Blerim
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aims of the study are:1. Determination of the amount of extracted Ca ions from den-tine using 17% and 10% EDTA, at pH 7 and pH 9.2. Determination of the amount of extracted Ca ions from  den-tine using citric acid 5% and 1%, at pH 7 and pH 9. Methodology30 extracted, single rooted, human teeth were tested. Their crowns were sectioned at CEJ using diamond disks. The root canals were manually prepared with K-files #50-60. After each instrument 2.5 ml of 5.25% NaOCl was used and 0.9 NaCl as final irrigation. All teeth were longitudinally sectioned and 8 samples of dentine taken from each sample. EDTA 10% and 17 % and citric acid 1% and 5% in neutral and alkaline pH were used.  Each sample was immersed in acid and then exposure time was evaluated after 1, 5, 10, 15 and 25 min.The release rate of calcium ions from root dentine was evaluated by atomic absorption spectrometer. ResultsThere were significant differences in the amount of extracted Ca by citric acid 1% and 5% or EDTA 10% and 17% in human teeth. ConclusionsIt may be concluded that EDTA is a better chelating agent than citric acid. The decalcifying activity of these solutions is related to the duration of exposure, pH and their concentrations.