bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Ips bark beetles in China
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liang Lingyu , Wang Huimin , Decock Cony , Lu Quan
Published: August 2024

Ips bark beetles are a genus of borer pests spanning throughout the Northern Hemisphere, many of which are conifer-killers and extremely destructive to forests and plantations. Fungal symbionts, especially ophiostomatoid fungi, have contributed to the success of Ips bark beetles. Recently, climate change has a multiplier effect, accelerating the tree mortality caused by bark beetle and fungal symbionts. However, few ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Ips bark beetles have been reported in China. This study aimed to investigate the ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Ipsbark beetles from China and deduce the patterns of ophiostomatoid fungal assemblages on Ips. In this study, 14,512 strains of the ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from 1,265 vigorous adult beetles and 826 fresh galleries belong to eleven Ips species infesting 16 coniferous trees (including pines, spruces and larches) from 48 sampling sites in nine provinces or autonomous regions located in northeast, northwest and southwest China. Based on morphological features and phylogenetic analysis, 71 taxa belonging to eight genera were accurately identified (Ceratocystiopsis, Graphilbum,Grosmannia, Leptographium, Masuyamyces and Ophiostomain Ophiostomatales; Endoconidiophora and Graphium in Microascales), of which 38 new species were described in this paper. By comparing patterns of fungal assemblages, we found that the fungi showed a tendency to genetically co-differentiate with their vectors, and speculated that the host tree reinforces the coarse species-specific association between ophiostomatoid fungi and Ips bark beetles. This work further demonstrated the high diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Ipsbark beetles, and provided insight into their symbiotic associations.
Optimal Frequency in Second Messenger Signaling: Quantifying cAMP Information Transmission in Bacteria
Authors: JIN Fan , Xiong Jiarui , Wang Liang , Lin Jialun , Ni Lei , Zhang Rongrong , Yang Shuai , Huang Yajia , Chu Jun
Published: August 2024

Bacterial second messengers are crucial for transmitting environmental information to cellular responses. However, quantifying their information transmission capacity remains challenging. Here, we engineer an isolated cAMP signaling channel in Pseudomonas aeruginosa using targeted gene knockouts, optogenetics, and a fluorescent cAMP probe. This design allows precise optical control and real-time monitoring of cAMP dynamics. By integrating experimental data with information theory, we reveal an optimal frequency for light-mediated cAMP signaling that maximizes information transmission, reaching ~40 bits/h. This rate correlates strongly with cAMP degradation kinetics and employs a two-state encoding scheme. Our findings suggest a mechanism for fine-tuned regulation of multiple genes through temporal encoding of second messenger signals, providing new insights into bacterial adaptation strategies. This approach offers a framework for quantifying information processing in cellular signaling systems.
Мacrophyte thickets as traps for microplastics: retention rates and mechanisms
Authors: Kazmiruk Vasily D.
Published: August 2024

The aim of this work was to examine the causes and mechanisms by which plastic microparticles that have entered a water body are trapped in macrophyte thickets. The retention rate of plastic microparticles by macrophytes depends on the material of their origin; particle hardness, size, and concentration; the material density; and the morphological and ecological characteristics of the plants. For various species of macrophytes, the retention rate of microparticles in the size range of 1–5 mm ranges from 22 to 100%. The appearance of additional resistance to the movement of water and air masses promotes slowing of the movement of microparticles, their sedimentation and their retention by plants. Decreasing the kinetic energy of wind waves and raindrops via thickets of macrophytes prevents the repeated movement of already trapped microparticles. Mechanical retention of plastic microparticles occurs as a result of irregularities in the structure of plants, sieve-like structures made of interweaving stems and leaves, the bulk of plant litter, and the adhesion of plant surfaces and microparticles, which is enhanced by the sticky surfaces of the periphyton. The attraction and adhesion of plastic microparticles to plants and to each other occur as a result of the interaction of electric fields.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the Vermillion Snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens)
Authors: Roa-Varón A. , Moulos P. , Harter S. , David A , Quattrini A.M. , Herrera S.
Published: August 2024

Vermillion Snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens, Lutjanidae) inhabits deep waters (20-300 m) from North America through Brazil, sustaining significant commercial and recreational fisheries. Despite its economic importance, knowledge of its biology is limited. Classified as Vulnerable on the Red List due to overfishing, populations have declined by over 30% in recent generations. We assembled and annotated the first chromosome-scale genome of this species by combining PacBio long reads, Illumina short reads, and Hi-C data. The resulting assembly is 987.5 Mbp, with a scaffold N50 size of 41.3 Mbp, and 135 contigs clustered and ordered onto 24 chromosomes with 34,496 predicted genes. The high-quality assembly and annotation contained 98% complete and single-copy BUSCO genes. This is the most complete, chromosome-level genome assembly of an Atlantic snapper to date. The Vermillion Snapper genome assembly and its supporting data are valuable tools for ecological and comparative genomics studies of snappers and other valuable commercial species within the family.
Pre-existing H1N1 immunity reduces severe disease with cattle H5N1 influenza virus
Authors: Lakdawala Seema , Sage Valerie Le , Werner Bailee , Merrbach Grace , Petnuch Sarah , O’Connell Aoife , Reed Douglas , Moncla Louise , Crossland Nicholas , McElroy Anita , Duprex William
Published: August 2024

The emergence of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in dairy cattle herds across the United States has caused multiple mild human infections. There is an urgent need to understand the risk of spillover into humans. Here we show that pre-existing immunity from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus provided protection from mortality and severe disease to ferrets intranasally infected with bovine H5N1. Additionally, a differential tissue tropism was observed with little dissemination to organs outside the respiratory tract in H1N1 immune ferrets and significantly less bovine H5N1 virus was found in nasal secretions and the respiratory tract. Taken together, these results suggest that mild disease in humans may be linked to prior immunity to human seasonal influenza viruses.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Coliform Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance in Mastitic Cow Milk in Ethiopia
Authors: Fenta Melkie Dagnaw , Mebratu Atsede Solomon , Getahun Melaku , Kinde Mebrie Zemene
Published: August 2024

Methods
The primary databases employed were Google, Google Scholar, HINARI, Web of Science, and PubMed. The quality assessment was performed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. The pooled proportion, the rate of resistance, and a 95% confidence interval were calculated with a random effects model using R software version 4.1.3. Funnel plots, and Eggers were used to assess publication bias.
Results
Twenty six articles were included for this meta-analysis. The overall pooled proportion of mastitis associated coliform bacteria was 9% (95% CI: 7-11.65%).Substantial heterogeneity was observed in included studies (I2 = 90.6%; P<0.01).Among the major coliform bactera, Eshercia spp had the highest pooled prevalence at 12%, followed by Enterobacter spp at 8%, and Klebsiella spp at 6%. Sub-analysis by level of mastitis, the proportion of occurrence of coliforms isolates was higher 24% (15–37%) compare with subclinical bovine mastitis 15% (10–22%). The subgroup of subgroup analysis of studies under clinical mastitis, Escherichia isolstes was highest proportion (14%), followed Enterobacter spp (9%) and Klebsiella spp (7%) while in subclinical masttis Escherichia was highest proportion (10%), and followed by Klebsiella spp (7%) and Enterobacter spp (5%). In study region, the highest proportion was reported in Somali (53%), followed by Tigray (18%), Amhara (11%), Oromia (9%), SNNPR (8%), AA (7%) and Sidama (6%). Erythromycin (82%) and pencillin (81%) were the higest resistance rate for the treatment of mastitis associated Eshercia spp. The resistance rate of Kelbesila spp for aminoglycoside, sulphonamides, beta-lactm, chloramphenicol and tetracycline was 60%, 49%, 43%, 35% and 22%, respectively. In the present meta-analysis, Escherichia isolates were identified as the most common coliforms in intramammary gland infections. The current investigation supports the claim that cow milk can be considered a significant source of Escherichia spp. The study found that the emergence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia spp could pose a severe risk to consumers in Ethiopia, emphasizing the importance of strict surveillance and the implementation of effective hygiene measures in dairy farms and milk production.
Performance of softwood plantation sawmills: the volume vs. value sawing strategy
Authors: Ngobi John , Kambugu Robert Kyeyune , Mugabi Paul , Banana Abwoli Yabezi
Published: August 2024

Sawmill performance is anchored on three indicators: timber volume recovery, timber value recovery and log throughput. Traditionally, sawyers use the volume sawing strategy aimed at maximizing timber volume recovery. The question is, does the volume sawing strategy result into better performance or an alternative strategy or a hybrid of strategies would yield better results. To answer this question, this study determined timber volume and timber value recovery under the volume and value sawing strategy. Data were collected from logs randomly selected from four sawmills and grouped using cluster analysis. PHP programming language was used to determine sawing patterns that maximized timber volume and/or value from each log. The difference in timber volume and value recovery between the volume and value sawing strategy was tested using a paired t-test at 5% significance level. The value sawing strategy yielded significantly (p < 0.05) higher timber volume than the value sawing strategy except for in smaller logs (10-20cm). Timber value recovery was significantly higher (p < 0.05) under the value sawing strategy than volume sawing strategy for all log sizes. Mean reduction in timber volume recovery was 2% whereas the increment in timber value recovery was 12% under the value sawing strategy. Adoption of the value sawing strategy by the sawmills was recommended since it indicated a potential for improved sawmill profitability.
Optimization of the direct synthesis of hydroxyapatite from aquaculture wastewater using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Rasdei Siti Solihah , Yatim Norhafiza Ilyana , Ali Nora'aini , Kasan Nor Azman
Published: August 2024

The utilization of phosphorus-rich aquaculture wastewater (AQW) offers a promising avenue for the recovery of valuable compounds, particularly hydroxyapatite (HAp) materials. The aim of this study was to use Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to explore the potential of recycling AQW directly to produce HAp compounds due to its considerable commercial value. Using the Central Composite Design (CCD) within the RSM, about three parameters, such as pH (between 9 and 11), contact time (between 36 and 60 h), and stirring rate (between 120 and 240 rpm) were optimized. The response of the CCD, crystallinity, was evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis. The optimized conditions, pH of 10, contact time of 48 h, and stirring rate of 180 rpm resulted in HAp crystals characterized according to the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standard, JCPDS (9,003,549), with a crystallite size of 23.6 nm. Remarkably, about 89.97% of the phosphate was removed from the AQW under these conditions, emphasizing the potential of this approach to reduce waste while producing a commercially viable product. The study highlights the viability of developing a zero-waste industry, and the utilization of calcium apatite-based products derived from AQW offers a promising socio-economic strategy for the future.
Los problemas de la intervención coadyuvante de los reguladores en arbitrajes bajo Contratos de Asociación Público Privada
Authors: Queija Alvarado Sonia
Published: August 2024

La Ley APP regula la intervención de los organismos reguladores como coadyuvantes de la entidad en los arbitrajes en los que se discutan decisiones o materias relacionadas con su competencia. Sin embargo, como se aborda en este artículo, esta forma especial de intervención presenta incompatibilidades con la institución procesal en la que se inspira y diversos desafíos de orden práctico que hacen necesario repensar su regulación.
Nuevos Fenómenos Digitales: El Like en la formación de los contratos
Authors: Graciano Chávez Débora , Valencia Guevara Diego
Published: August 2024

En el marco del presente artículo, los autores investigan diversos fenómenos digitales emergentes en el ámbito del proceso de formación contractual, centrándose principalmente en una cuestión relevante: ¿puede la acción de dar un 'like’ ser interpretada como una manifestación válida de la voluntad y, más específicamente, como una aceptación inequívoca de los términos de un contrato?
Literature-based Survey of Medicinal Plants Since 1900: A Case Study to Treat Cancer in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Khan Asif , Khan Ajmal , Murad Waheed , Ahsan  halim Sobia , Ahmad Jan Hammad , Al-Broumi Mohammed , Al-Harrasi Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Ethnopharmacological Relevance:

Due to the high prevalence of cancer, researchers
for the past decades have made considerable efforts for its management and treatment. Medicinal
plants have always been exploited to discover novel anticancer agents. Oman’s huge biodiversity
has created a rich source of traditional medicine.

Objective:

The current survey has aimed to document the traditionally used medicinal plants of
Oman and their therapeutic role in the treatment of cancer.

Material method:

This study comprises of literature-based survey through different databases,
including Google, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer Link, BioMed
Central and PubMed.

Results:

The current review revealed a total of 57 plant species that belong to 35 families that
are used in the treatment of cancer in Oman. Most documented plants belong to Solanaceae (6
sp.), Apocyanaceae (5 sp.) and Lamiaceae (4 sp.). The literature reveals that the residents of the
area mostly use leaves (38.5%) and prepare their recipes in the form of decoction (40.3%).
Moreover, herbs are the most dominant life form (43.85%). Among all forms of cancer in
Oman, breast (47%), wound (26), and lung cancer (0.5%) were found dominantly. A literature
study confirmed that the medicinal plants used for cancer in Oman are rich in phytochemicals
such as quercetin, allicin, coumarin, alliin, kaempferol, solamargine, rutin, lupeol, ursolic acid
and luteolin that have shown significant biological activities including anti-cancer potential. It
reflects the efficacy of these plants to be used as a medicine in clinical trials. Among all, Boswellia
sacra Flueck. is of key importance due to the presence Boswellic acid being used for the
treatment of different types of cancer.

Conclusion:

The residents of Oman have great knowledge about the traditional use of medicinal
plants for the treatment of various diseases like cancer. The therapeutic potential and physiological
efficacy of Omani medicinal plants should be further explored at a molecular level via in vivo
and in vitro experiments.
Perceived Burden and Quality of Life in Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia in Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Province: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Al-Awad Feras
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

Family Caregivers (FCGs) of patients with schizophrenia (PwS) may face unanticipated sources of stress and responsibility, which can negatively impact their quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to assess FCGs' QoL and the impact of clinical characteristics of patients and sociodemographic factors on their QoL.

Patients and Methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study surveyed 340 FCGs from outpatient clinics of PwS in two large psychiatric hospitals in Saudi Arabia's eastern province using a convenience sampling approach. We used the Adult Carer Quality of Life (AC-QoL) scale, which has eight subscales and 40 items, to assess QoL. AC-QoL is translated into Arabic in this study.

Results

The study included 216 FCGs, with 127 (58.8%) being men, 117 (54.2%) being over 45 years old, 91 (42.1%) being a sibling of a PwS, and 82 (38%) being a parent of a PwS. The mean score in our sample was 78.2 ± 21.24 out of 120, indicating mid-range QoL. Lower QoL was associated with more time spent in caregiving per day, a lower educational level of FCG, and recent admission of PwS to an inpatient unit.

Conclusion

PwS FCGs have a mid-range QoL. FCGs reported a moderate financial burden and low levels of support from healthcare professionals. FCG's QoL and stress can be reduced through healthcare providers, participation in a community support group, and addressing an FCG's in an individual setting.
Case Studies in the Ethics of Assisted Reproduction, by Louise P. King & Isabelle C. Band, Switzerland: Springer Cham, 152 Pages, Ebook, 978-3-031-41215-8
Authors: Pugesehan Donny Japly , Lameky Vernando Yanry , Batlajery Agustinus Mathinus Luther
Published: August 2024

"Case Studies in the Ethics of Assisted Reproduction" explores the moral and ethical implications of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), surrogacy, and genetic screening. These findings outline ethical dilemmas, including the importance of informed consent, and highlight a multidisciplinary approach involving law, bioethics, reproductive endocrinology, and reproductive biology. Using case studies, the findings address ethical challenges in ART practice, such as the transfer of embryos affected by genetic diseases, non-medical sex selection, and the provision of fertility services to patients with medical comorbidities. The findings also emphasize the importance of education and training for new practitioners and the development of ethical guidelines for new technologies such as germline gene editing and same-sex reproduction. The main findings of this book include three essential aspects. 1) There is an urgent need for comprehensive and detailed ethical guidelines to ensure that every action conforms to high moral standards. 2) Transparent informed consent is essential so the patient truly understands and agrees to the procedure. 3) Before implementing a new technology in clinical practice, the risks and benefits must be thoroughly evaluated to ensure patient safety and effectiveness. The main conclusions indicate that ethical considerations must always be in line with the latest technological developments in the field of ART to ensure responsible and ethical practice. These findings are a valuable resource for educational institutions, health professionals, law and ethics scholars, policymakers, and the general public interested in the ethical complexities of assisted reproduction.
Exploring the Feasibility and Initial Impact of an mHealth-Based Disease Management Program for Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease: Formative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Miki Takahiro , Yamada Junya , Ishida Shinpei , Sakui Daisuke , Kanai Masashi , Hagiwara Yuta
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, requiring innovative management strategies. Traditional disease management programs often struggle to maintain patient engagement and ensure long-term adherence to lifestyle modifications and treatment plans. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies have emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges by providing continuous, personalized support and monitoring. However, the reported use and effectiveness of mHealth in the management of chronic diseases, such as IHD, have not been fully explored.

OBJECTIVE

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and initial impact of an mHealth-based disease management program on coronary risk factors, specifically focusing on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, in individuals with chronic IHD. This formative study assessed changes in LDL-C and other metabolic health indicators over a 6-month period to determine the initial impact of the program on promoting cardiovascular health and lifestyle modification.

METHODS

This study was conducted using data from 266 individuals enrolled in an mHealth-based disease management program between December 2018 and October 2022. Eligibility was based on a documented history of IHD, with participants undergoing a comprehensive cardiac risk assessment before enrollment. The program included biweekly telephone sessions, health tracking via a smartphone app, and regular progress reports to physicians. The study measured change in LDL-C levels as the primary outcome, with secondary outcomes including body weight, triglyceride levels, and other metabolic health indicators. Statistical analysis used paired 2-tailed t tests and stratified analyses to assess the impact of the program.

RESULTS

Participants experienced a significant reduction in LDL-C, with LDL-C levels decreasing from a mean of 98.82 (SD 40.92) mg/dL to 86.62 (SD 39.86) mg/dL (P<.001). The intervention was particularly effective in individuals with high baseline LDL-C levels. Additional improvements were seen in body weight and triglyceride levels, suggesting a broader impact on metabolic health. Program adherence and engagement metrics suggested high participant satisfaction and compliance.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study suggest that the mHealth-based disease management program is feasible and has an initial positive impact on reducing LDL-C levels and improving metabolic health in individuals with chronic IHD. However, the study design does not allow for a definitive conclusion regarding whether mHealth-based disease management programs are more effective than traditional face-to-face care. Future studies are needed to further validate these findings and to examine the comparative effectiveness of these interventions in more detail.
Benchmarking four algorithms for improved classification of agricultural injury cases from free-text analysis of pre-hospital care reports (Preprint)
Authors: Jones Laura E. , Scott Erika , Krupa Nicole , Kern Megan , Hansen-Ruiz Cristina Silvia , Jenkins Paul
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Fatality rates in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AgFF) industries are historically the highest of any US sector, with a combined rate of 18.6 deaths per 100,000 workers. Despite clear trends for fatal AgFF workplace injuries in federal data, challenges remain in capturing nonfatal agricultural injuries. The Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety (NEC) developed a naïve Bayes-based classification strategy to extract non-fatal injury cases from pre-hospital (EMS) free-text records.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper is to improve retrieval rates, in terms of false positive rate required to obtain a true positive rate of 0.90, by benchmarking naïve Bayes against three other algorithms: elastic net regression, Support Vector Machines, and boosted decision trees (XGBoost).

METHODS

Using a labeled, fully one-hot coded gold-standard dataset (N=60,143) with substantial (24%) missing data, we benchmark these algorithms on complete case data (N=44,566) and imputed data from two imputation schemes: grouped hot-deck and recoding of missing units to the category “unknown,” using a 75:25 train/test split and stratified sampling.

RESULTS

All models produced similarly accuracies (~0.98) on complete case data, though necessary False Positive Rates (FPR*) varied from 0.055 (XGBoost) to 0.20 (naïve Bayes) on training data, and on predictions, the range was 0.10 (elastic net) to 0.22 (naïve Bayes). On imputed data, accuracies ranged from 0.96 (Bayes) to 0.98 (XGBoost) for training data, yielding false positive rates from 0.095 (XGBoost) to 0.34 (Bayes). Predictions from imputed data showed FPR* ranging from 0.12 (XGBoost) to 0.41 (Bayes) depending on imputation scheme.

CONCLUSIONS

While all four models perform well on complete data, missing units are substantial and can result in misclassification and in omissions, both requiring human coding. Reliance on a machine learning method that is robust to missing data and imputation method, such as XGBoost, is a reasonable approach to improving classification rates without omitting data.
Preparation and Characterization of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Starch as Solid Medicinal Additive
Authors: Alfiona Melisa Nia , Intan Martha Cahyani  , Sari Wulan Kartika
Published: August 2024

Starch is often used as a filler, crusher, and binder in solid preparations. One source of starch can be found in red dragon fruit stems. When making starch, browning often occurs which causes the flour to become brownish, which can reduce public acceptance. Efforts are made to prevent browning in the starch making process by using sodium bisulfite solution. This study aims to determine the effect of different sodium bisulfite soaking times on the characteristics of red dragon fruit stem starch (Hylocereus polyrhizus) to be used as a solid preparation additive and to determine the length of sodium bisulfite soaking time that can produce red dragon fruit stem starch (Hylocereus polyrhizus) characteristics that meet the standards of solid preparation additives. The results of the analysis showed significant differences in yield, moisture content, flow velocity, angle of repose, pH, solubility, expandability, compressibility index, bulk density, tap density, true density, and Hausner index. FTIR analysis showed that red dragon fruit stem starch contains starch functional groups. Based on the results of the red dragon fruit stem characterization test, the best treatment was obtained, namely 1 hour soaking, producing starch with physical characteristics suitable for solid preparation additives.
Prevention of School Attendance Problems in Japan: A Macro-Level Perspective on Avoidance Behaviour
Authors: Maeda Naoki , Someya Mami , Hatada Soichiro
Published: August 2024

In this study, we examined government policies and the relevant law on prevention measures for school attendance problems in Japanese compulsory education schools from the perspective of school avoidance behaviour. In summary: (a) the number of students with school attendance problems has been increasing rapidly since 2017; (b) despite an increase in school counsellors as a government-initiated prevention measure, the number of students with school attendance problems has risen; (c) government policies and the relevant law seek to foster social independence even for students unable to return to school and to provide spaces where students with school attendance problems feel comfortable, which may inadvertently reinforce or perpetuate school avoidance behaviour; and (d) in the Japanese compulsory education system, stakeholders have limited opportunities to block school avoidance behaviour. We propose two measures to prevent school attendance problems drawing on a macro-level behavioural perspective: (a) employing data on class absences in mainstream schools, regardless of the reason for the absence, as an evaluation criterion for prolonged school absenteeism, and (b) implementing appropriate grade repetition for students who miss classes in their mainstream school over a certain threshold, including withholding the school diploma.
Derechos humanos y grupos vulnerables en Centroamérica y el Caribe Vol. I
Authors: Díaz-Tendero Bollain Aída , Arguedas Ramírez Gabriela , Samayoa Sosa Héctor Oswaldo , Gaborit Mauricio , García Juan José , Thomas-Hope Elizabeth , Orellana Carlos Iván , Molina Castro Fernando , Orellana Sibrián Rafael , Jorge Méndez Lisy Alina , Nieto Villar Deika , Zetino Mario , Vásquez Girón Angélica Yolanda , Mejía Rivera Joaquín A. , Guerrero Chacón Viviana , Sáez Nieto Belquis Cecilia , Andrade-Abularach Larry , Brioso Larissa , Sandoval García Carlos , Gaborit Mauricio
Published: August 2024

Derechos humanos y grupos vulnerables en Centroamérica identifica, con un enfoque inclusivo, todos los grupos de personas que se encuentran en situación de vulnerabilidad en Centroamérica y el Caribe, en una serie de estudios realizados por destacados especialistas regionales y subregionales, en los dos tomos que integran esta obra. El primer tomo aborda tres grupos vulnerables: las mujeres, los migrantes, y los niños, niñas y adolescentes. El segundo tomo se dedica al análisis de otros grupos vulnerables como las personas mayores, las personas víctimas de desplazamiento forzado, las personas con discapacidad, las personas defensoras de derechos humanos, y por otra parte, contribuir a la comprensión panorámica y a la vez profunda del estadio de desarrollo en el que se encuentran la justiciabilidad, la jurisprudencia y la sociología jurídica de los derechos humanos de los grupos vulnerables de la subregión de Centroamérica y el Caribe.
La política neoliberal y el desarrollo local en San Juan Teotihuacán a través del turismo
Authors: Hernández Sandoval Héctor Miguel , Zizumbo Villarreal Lilia , Cruz Coria Erika
Published: August 2024

En la investigación se muestra el proceso de reconfiguración del territorio y de la esfera social en San Juan Teotihuacán, Estado de México, marcado por las directrices de las políticas públicas de corte neoliberal enfocadas en el desarrollo de la actividad turística en este territorio. El objetivo del estudio es analizar el proceso histórico del desarrollo de la actividad turística (1992-2020) a la luz de la perspectiva teórica de la planificación estratégica de Coraggio (2001) con la finalidad de evidenciar que el desarrollo local está permeado por las decisiones políticas en materia de turismo. Mediante un análisis de archivo y la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas, se analizaron las acciones gubernamentales, privadas y sociales que dieron lugar al tipo de desarrollo específico que surgió en San Juan Teotihuacán. Los resultados revelan la competitividad del territorio como un eje fundamental para la reproducción y acumulación del capital y el desarrollo desigual en la comunidad.
A Novel Methodology for Customer Attrition Prediction
Authors: Selvi A. Thirunirai
Published: August 2024

The project's goal is to use cutting-edge machine learning techniques to create an accurate forecast model for customer attrition. By using important traits and historical data, the Gradient Boosting Classifier algorithm is utilized to predict client attrition. The model detects clients who are at risk of discontinuing by using sequential training combined with ensemble learning. To train and evaluate its prediction skills, the suggested model makes use of past customer data, such as usage trends, engagement metrics, and customer demographics. Model effectiveness is measured by evaluation criteria like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Forecasts regarding consumer behavior can assist businesses in improving their client relationships and decreasing customer churn, which will ultimately increase the sustainability and profitability of their operations.
Dynamic Forest Monitoring: Real-Time Land Use Change Alerts Powered by Cloud Computing
Authors: Rathore Akshaya
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a near real-time alert system for detecting land use changes using Google Earth Engine (GEE). The system processes Dynamic World V1 data and Sentinel-2 imagery to generate alerts in KML and CSV formats, highlighting significant land cover changes. It also provides true-color and NDVI visualizations to support decision-making. A case study demonstrates its effectiveness for forest management.
Diagnosis of Skin Cancer using Deep Learning
Authors: Adhikari Sharadindu , Agrawal Tanmay Kumar , Mondal Soumyadip , Agarwal Ayushmaan
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Early detection of skin cancer, including types such as basal cell carcinoma and melanoma, is crucial for effective treatment and reducing mortality rates. Skin cancer diagnoses often surpass those of all other cancers combined, with rising global mortality rates underscoring the need for improved detection methods. Early identification significantly enhances treatment outcomes, as confirmed by the World Health Organization. Advances in image processing and machine vision, particularly through convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have shown that deep learning models can outperform experienced dermatologists in skin cancer detection. In this project, we developed a deep learning model using Python libraries to categorize dermoscopic images from the MNIST HAM-10000 dataset into malignant or benign categories. The model's performance was further evaluated against three datasets from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) challenge archives, with the goal of enhancing early detection and treatment of skin cancer to lower mortality rates
Internalization of Pancasila Student Profile Values in Mataram State High School: An Islamic Perspective on Education and Ethics
Authors: Hully Hully , Shantika Evana Gina , Kurniawan Maftuh Ihsan Nanda
Published: August 2024

This research aims to study and analyze the internalization of Pancasila student profile values from the perspective of Islamic education and character in high school. The research method used is qualitative research with data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data was analyzed by employing the Miles and Huberman model, starting with data collection, condensation, and display and concluding. Diligent observation, extended participation, references, and triangulation ensure the validity of the data. The formulation of the problem in this research is how to internalize the values ​​of the Pancasila student profile in Islamic religious education and character in high school. The results of this research can conclude that the internalization of Pancasila student profile values in perspective Islamic education and character at school was carried out by planning as an initial step, such as preparing learning tools in the form of teaching modules with independent implementation. Curriculum starting in 2021 and second, implementing learning as a core activity in internalizing the values ​​of the Pancasila student profile in learning Islamic religious education and character at school, which includes values such as the value of faith and devotion to God Almighty, as well as having noble morals, the value of cooperation, critical reasoning, creative values, and the value of Independence. Third, evaluation of the internalization of Pancasila student profile values in perspective Islamic education and character at school includes evaluating attitudes, knowledge, and skills through oral, written, portfolio, and self-assessment tests for students at school.
Pengembangan Komik Webtoon Sebagai Suplemen Pembelajaran Materi Sistem Peredaran Darah Pada Manusia Untuk Siswa SMA
Authors: Khoiriah Siti , Hamidah Afreni , Aina Mia
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan, mengetahui kelayakan, dan mengetahui respon pengguna komik Webtoon sebagai suplemen pembelajaran materi sistem peredaran darah pada manusia untuk siswa SMA kelas XI MIA. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan model ADDIE. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMAN 13 Kota Jambi pada 17 September 2021. Data penelitian diperoleh dari angket validasi ahli materi dan ahli media untuk menguji kelayakan produk yang dikembangkan sebelum diuji cobakan. Selanjutnya data untuk respon pengguna diperoleh dari angket yang disebarkan kepada 6 orang siswa kelompok kecil, dan 30 orang siswa kelompok besar dan 1 guru bidang studi melalui google formulir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase proses validasi media dan materi diperoleh persentase validasi tahap I media yaitu 63% dalam kategori â€œbaikâ€ dan materi 38% dalam kategori â€œtidak baikâ€, kemudian pada tahap II media yaitu 86,25% dan materi 83% dalam kategori â€œsangat baik. Penilaian respon guru menyatakan bahwa komik yang telah dikembangkan termasuk dalam kategori â€œsangat baikâ€ dengan persentase 91,67%. Hasil analisis data ujicoba kelompok kecil menyatakan bahwa komik yang telah dikembangkan termasuk dalam kategori â€œsangat baikâ€dengan persentase 88,61%. Dan dari hasil analisis data ujicoba kelompok besar menyatakan bahwa komik yang telah dikembangkan termasuk dalam kategori â€œsangat baikâ€ dengan persentase 86,38%. Dari hasil penelitian dan pengembangan disimpulkan bahwa komik Webtoon yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan sebagai suplemen pembelajaran.
Pengaruh Media Crossword Puzzle dalam Pembelajaran Discovery terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Materi Kesetimbangan Kimia
Authors: Ilaa Bi' Aqilah Amaliyah , Auliah Army , Jusniar Jusniar
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh media Crossword Puzzle dalam Model Discovery Learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas XI SMAN 9 Makassar pada materi pokok Kesetimbangan Kimia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Quasi Experiment dengan desain Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Adapun sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI Kimia 1 dengan jumlah 22 orang dan kelas XI Kimia 3 dengan jumlah 22 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada dua yakni, lembar penilaian kemampuan berpikir kritis pada proses pembelajaran dan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA. Hasil perhitungan dari Uji Oneway-Anova menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistics 23, menunjukkan nilai sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,002 < 0,05 maka H0 ditolak H1 diterima yang artinya ada pengaruh media Crossword Puzzle dalam model Discovery Learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis  peserta didik kelas XI SMAN 9 Makassar. Selain itu rata-rata persentase nilai Gain kemampuan berpikir kritis pada kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol, adapun rata-rata persentase pada kelompok eksperimen sebesar 40,9 dan rata-rata persentase pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 37,18.
Educación bilingüe en Colombia
Authors: Ospina Giraldo Viviana Andrea , Muñoz Fandiño Milly Andrea
Published: August 2024

This study delves into the benefits and challenges of transforming a monolingual school into a bilingual one in the Colombian context. The theoretical framework highlights the complexities of bilingualism in Colombia, emphasizing the need for a critical approach to the concept and the challenges faced by monolingual schools. Methodologically, content analysis was employed to analyze the transition process, considering the empirical, exploratory, and predictive nature of this research method. The study drew on various sources, including a literature review, contrasting charts, and index cards, to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. The findings emphasize the significance of a well-planned bilingualism project, which demands time, resources, qualified teachers, and appropriate teaching materials. Success hinges on a gradual, carefully monitored implementation process. Learners benefit from acquiring a foreign language, particularly English, which equips them to navigate a globalized world. The study advocates a sequential and staggered approach, involving regular evaluation and a variety of activities to strengthen language proficiency. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of well-executed bilingualism projects in Colombian schools taking into consideration that such initiatives offer learners the skills needed to thrive in a globalized world while enhancing the quality of education and the school as an institution.
Effect of Radiotherapy on the Adhesive Interface of Caries-affected Dentin and Bioactive Restorations: A Micro-CT Analysis
Authors: Köse LK , Oglakci B , Özduman ZC , Akdur K , Mayadağlı A , Arhun N
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to analyze the presence of defects within the adhesive interface formed with five bioactive dental materials and caries-affected dentin concerning the timing of radiotherapy (before or after the restorative procedures) by micro-CT.

Methods and Materials:

A total of 96 carious human molars were randomly allocated into the following groups based on the timing of the radiotherapy sequence: radiotherapy followed by restoration (RT1) or restoration followed by radiotherapy (RT2). Then, six subgroups were established within these groups based on the type of materials used (n=8). Following cavity preparation and caries removal, a universal adhesive (G-Premio Bond) was administered in self-etch mode or accompanied by applying suitable cavity conditioners according to the manufacturers’ guidelines. Subsequently, restorations were performed using five bioactive restorative materials (resin-modified glass-ionomer [Fuji II LC], high-viscosity glass-ionomer hybrid [EQUIA Forte HT], giomer [Beautifil II], alkasite [Cention N], and dual-cure bulk-fill composite [Activa Bioactive Restorative]) and a conventional microhybrid resin composite (Filtek Z250). The radiotherapy regimen encompassed 60 Grays (Gy) administered at a rate of 2 Gy/day over 6 weeks, 5 days a week. Micro-CT analysis was employed to assess adhesive defects at the interface between caries-affected dentin and the restorations. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Dunn tests (α=0.05).

Results:

RT2 caused significantly higher adhesive defects than RT1 for the Filtek Z250 and Activa Bioactive Restorative subgroups (p<0.05). For RT1, no significant differences were found in adhesive defects among all tested subgroups (p>0.05). By contrast, for RT2, adhesive defects were significantly higher for the Activa Bioactive Restorative and Cention N subgroups than for the EQUIA Forte HT and Beautifil II subgroups (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

When using most bioactive restorative materials, the timing of radiotherapy had no significant influence on the adhesive interface. Regarding restoration following a radiotherapy protocol, a favorable impact was identified with high-viscosity glass ionomer hybrid cement and giomer bioactive restorations compared with dual-cure bioactive bulk-fill composite and alkasite restorations.
Aplicaciones terapéuticas de las naftoquinonas para el tratamiento de la enfermedad vectorial leishmaniasis
Authors:   Centro de Biociencias Clonallyx Corporation, Ecuador, Aulestia Antonieta , Naranjo David ,   Centro de Biociencias Clonallyx Corporation, Ecuador
Published: August 2024

Las enfermedades vectoriales, como la leishmaniasis, representan uno de los principales problemas de salud en países en desarrollo con clima tropical. Estos países suelen tener bajos niveles socioeconómicos, dificultades de acceso a sistemas de salud y escaso control de plagas, sin embargo, el aumento de las temperaturas favorece la proliferación y distribución de vectores, por lo que es necesario buscar tratamientos alternativos. La leishmaniasis se transmite principalmente a través de flebótomos y puede manifestarse en tres formas: visceral, cutánea y mucocutánea. Aunque existen tratamientos disponibles, no son definitivos y su eficacia se ve limitada por los efectos adversos de los medicamentos, los altos costos y su escasa eficacia terapéutica. Las naftoquinonas son moléculas altamente reactivas que participan en actividades redox y diversos procesos oxidativos. Han demostrado tener múltiples actividades biológicas, incluyendo propiedades fungicidas, insecticidas, antiparasitarias, antiinflamatorias, antipiréticas y antiproliferativas, lo que las convierte en candidatas prometedoras para el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis, porque poseen múltiples mecanismos de acción en diferentes estadios del parásito. El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar la actividad terapéutica de las naftoquinonas en el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis, así como su capacidad para inhibir patógenos transmitidos por vectores. Se ha observado que las naftoquinonas reducen la carga parasitaria, y cuando se combinan con fármacos convencionales, disminuyen los efectos citotóxicos. Además, afectan los procesos de glicólisis y oxidación de ácidos grasos en el parásito. Por lo tanto, su estudio es relevante para explorar nuevas alternativas terapéuticas y dosificaciones para el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis.
Literacy på spil: Domæner og literacypraksisser i L1-undervisning med brug af spildesign
Authors: Bremholm Jesper , Heller Lützen Peter
Published: August 2024

Denne artikel analyserer faglige potentialer og barrierer knyttet til literacyhændelser i et interventionsforløb baseret på designtænkning i faget dansk (L1) i den danske grundskole. Interventionen indgik i storskalaprojektet GBL21, og i det analyserede forløb skulle eleverne designe brætspil, som tematiserer grimt sprog på internettet. Analyserne bygger på en literacymodel, der omfatter de fire domæner, skoledomænet, det faglige domæne, det professionelle designdomæne samt hverdagsdomænet, og interventionens mål er at integrere de fire domæner, så de fagligt beriger hinanden. Vi gennemgår to cases, som viser både potentialer og barrierer for en sådan integration. Der ses i analyserne en tendens til, at hverdagsdomænets erfaringer overtager styringen og tæmmer de øvrige domæner. Herudover påvirker skoledomænets vaner omkring opgaveløsning interventionens designdidaktiske ambitioner både positivt og negativt. Og endelig ses en generel tendens til, at det faglige domæne har svære betingelser for udfoldelse. Samlet set peger analysen på en række potentialer for L1-fagligt arbejde med spildesign, og afslutningsvis diskuteres muligheder for styrkelse af de aspekter, som havde svære betingelser i den konkrete intervention.
English abstract
Literacy at Play: Domains and Literacy Practices in L1 Teaching with Game Design
The article examines literacy events and the potentials and barriers for students’ learning in an intervention based on design thinking in the subject Danish (L1) in lower secondary school in Denmark. The intervention is part of the large-scale project GBL21, and in the specific unit, the students develop board games that thematize foul language on the Internet. Theoretically, the article is based on a domain model of literacy encompassing the school domain, the academic domain, the professional domain and the everyday domain. Correspondingly, the goal of the intervention is to integrate the four domains to enrich the students’ learning. The article analyzes two cases which show both the potentials and the barriers for such integration. Main insights from the analysis: First, the everyday domain shows a tendency to tame the other domains; second, the students’ routines related to the school domain affect the design didactic ambitions of the intervention both positively and negatively; and third, the academic domain tends to be neglected in the teaching. In conclusion, the article points to the didactic potentials related to integrating game design in L1 teaching, and it discusses possible approaches for overcoming the barriers identified in the two cases.