bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid traffic scheduling in time‐sensitive networking for the support of automotive applications
Authors: Nie Hongrui , Su Yue , Zhao Weibo , Mu Junsheng
Published: December 2023

Time‐sensitive networking (TSN) is considered one of the most promising solutions to address real‐time scheduling in in‐vehicle network due to its capabilities for providing deterministic service. The TSN working group proposed various traffic shaping mechanisms, while deterministic scheduling of hybrid traffic is still not effectively solved since the traffic requirements are difficult to satisfy by standalone or combined mechanisms with fixed time slot divisions. This article presents a time‐aware multi‐cyclicqueuing and forwarding scheduling model, that integrates the no‐wait enabled time‐aware shaper and multi‐cyclic queuing and forwarding shaping models. Then, a scheduling solution, dubbed “TSN scheduling optimizer” (TSO) is proposed that combines optimization methods and incremental techniques. TSO aims to balance the load to maximize flow schedulability while guaranteeing the service requirements of hybrid traffic. Simulation evaluations through OMNeT++ provide a performance assessment of this proposed scheduling model, which can satisfy multiple types of traffic transmission requirements. Furthermore, TSO is compared with other baseline scheduling solutions, and TSO shows efficacy regarding execution time and schedulability.
Research on roll temperature compensation of variable domain fuzzy controller based on improved cat swarm optimization
Authors: Gao Shanfeng , Lei Le
Published: December 2023

In the hot rolling process, the hot crown of the roll is determined by the roll temperature and the temperature distribution. Furthermore, the hot crown is an important factor, which causes variation in the strip gage along the plane perpendicular to the rolling direction, affecting the strip quality. However, the roll temperature response has the characteristics of nonlinearity, hysteresis and time-varying, which makes it difficult to control accurately by classical control theory and method. In order to accurately control the rolling temperature, a variable universe fuzzy controller based on improved cat swarm optimization (ICSO-VUFC) was established. Firstly, a dynamic mixture ratio and an improved tracking mode were used to improve the optimization capability of the cat swarm. In comparison with the conventional cat swarm optimization (CSO) controller, the proposed process showed better optimization performance. Secondly, a simulation analysis based on MATLAB was employed to compare the ICSO-VUFC with the conventional fuzzy controller (C-FC) and the fuzzy controller based on the improved cat swarm optimization (ICSO-FC). The results reveal that the ICSO-VUFC exhibits the best dynamic and steady performance. Finally, the temperature control accuracy of the rolled regions during different rolling passes under the three fuzzy controllers was examined and compared. The results show that the ICSO-VUFC exhibits the highest control accuracy and stability with a temperature error range of ±4 °C. Through the analysis of the strip crown, it can be seen that the control accuracy of the strip crown can be effectively improved by using ICSO-VUFC to control the roll temperature distribution.
Structured image diagnosis of vertebral body degeneration and disc damage – Binary image criteria and comparison for systematic image analysis in occupational diseases 2108/2110
Authors: Braunschweig Rainer , Kildal Daniela , Meyer-Clement Michael , Janka Rolf , Tiemann Andreas
Published: December 2023

Background Occupationally related limitations of earning capacity can be recognized under social legislation and may be subject to compensation (“reduction in earning capacity”). For this purpose, legislators have defined a list of occupational diseases (“BK list”). Recognition of an occupational disease requires a legal assessment procedure based on a medical appraisal. The aim of the assessment is to prove the “causality” and the “causality giving rise to liability”.

Method In addition to clinical findings and workplace analyses, imaging methods (projection radiography, MRI) are primarily used to substantiate liability. These methods enable proof of load-conforming damage patterns for occupational diseases 2108/2110 (damage to intervertebral discs).

Results and Conclusion In addition to the legal background, the following review article primarily presents the image criteria for load-conforming damage patterns of the spine. On the basis of the consensus paper on the “Assessment of occupational disc diseases of the lumbar spine”, image criteria are assigned to age-atypical grades of findings, and “typical constellations of findings” are defined for vibration (BK 2108) or lifting (BK 2110) loads. The aim of Part 1 is to explain the image criteria of the comparative images presented as image plates in Part 2 and thus to present a reference catalog of findings.

Key statements 

Citation Format
Estimation of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness using Secondary Data: A
Cohort Study and Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Claims Data from
Baden-Wuerttemberg
Authors: Wicke Felix , Lorenz Eva , Pokora Roman Michael
Published: December 2023

Our objective was to estimate and replicate influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE)
for the 2014/2015 influenza season (IS) based on routine data from a
German health insurance claims dataset. In addition, we investigated associated
methodological aspects. From the AOK Baden-Württemberg, claims data of
2.64 million insured persons residing in Baden-Wuerttemberg and aged 15 years
and older were available for analysis. Based on influenza vaccine-specific
reimbursement codes claimed in the vaccination period of 2014, participants were
classified as either vaccinated or unvaccinated. Baseline covariates that could
confound the association between vaccination and influenza infection were
considered for all participants. Covariates included age, sex, place of
residence, and covariates indicative of health status and health-service
utilization. The primary outcome was defined as influenza hospitalization during
the IS in winter and spring of 2015. Secondary outcomes included pneumonia
hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality among others. Propensity score
matching (PSM) was used to build a comparable set of vaccinated and unvaccinated
participants. A bias analysis was conducted by estimating VE pre- and post-IS,
periods in which vaccination is not thought to be effective, because influenza
is not circulating in the population. A subset of 839,706 participants could
successfully be matched with a 1:1 ratio. The estimated influenza VE (based on
influenza hospitalization) was 27% [95% confidence interval
(CI): 17%; 36%], which compares well with the estimate of the
RKI for the same season (27% [95% CI: -1%;
47%]). Bias analysis revealed that result could be partially accounted
for by residual confounding yielding a potential overestimation of the true
underlying effect. Secondary outcomes for pneumonia hospitalizations and
mortality showed similar results though likely prone to a greater extent of
residual confounding. It can be concluded that (1) secondary data from German
health insurances can be used to derive plausible influenza VE estimates, and
(2) PSM is a useful and transparent method to derive those estimates. In
addition, (3) residual confounding is a relevant problem in observational
studies on VE and (4) bias analysis in pre- and post-season periods are an
essential complement for interpretation of results.
Hals, Nase und Ohren in der Schwerelosigkeit: die kosmischen Herausforderungen der HNO-Heilkunde
Authors: Zimmermann Philipp Heinrich , Jansen Stefanie , Klußmann Jens Peter
Published: December 2023

Die bemannte Raumfahrt stellt besondere Anforderungen an den menschlichen Körper, auch an die Organe im HNO-Bereich. Diese Organe spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Aufrechterhaltung der Gesundheit und Sicherheit der Astronauten im Weltraum. In diesem Beitrag werden häufige HNO-Probleme in der Raumfahrt besprochen, darunter Ödeme der oberen Atemwege, Mittelohr- und Mastoidergüsse, Hörverlust und Schwindel mit Übelkeit. Wir erörtern die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen, die zu diesen Beschwerden beitragen, ihre klinischen Erscheinungsformen und mögliche Behandlungsstrategien. Darüber hinaus untersuchen wir die möglichen Auswirkungen dieser Erkrankungen auf die Gesundheit der Astronauten und die Ergebnisse der Mission. Schließlich betonen wir die Bedeutung von Präventivmaßnahmen und zukünftiger Forschung in diesem Bereich, um die Gesundheit und Sicherheit der Astronauten auf zukünftigen Missionen zu optimieren.
Versorgungstrajektorien wohnungsloser oder in prekären
Wohnverhältnissen lebender psychisch Erkrankter zweier
psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischer Kliniken der Regelversorgung
Nordrhein-Westfalens
Authors: Zielasek Jürgen , Ueberberg Bianca , Heinz Josephine , Kreyenschulte Thea , Lehmann Isabell , Haussleiter Ida , Juckel Georg , Gouzoulis-Mayfrank Euphrosyne
Published: December 2023

Ziel der Studie Psychische Erkrankungen und Wohnungslosigkeit sind
häufig assoziiert. Ziel der Studie war die Darstellung der
Versorgungstrajektorien von stationären psychiatrischen
Patient*innen, die aus prekären Wohnverhältnissen oder
Wohnungslosigkeit aufgenommen wurden.

Methodik Eine anonymisierte Stichtagserhebung erfolgte in zwei
psychiatrischen Krankenhäusern der Regelversorgung in
Nordrhein-Westfalen.

Ergebnisse Von 76 identifizierten Betroffenen wurde etwa jeder Zweite in
ungesicherte Wohnverhältnisse oder die Wohnungslosigkeit entlassen. Bei
fast jedem Dritten verzögerte sich die Entlassung wegen der
ungeklärten Wohnsituation. Die ambulante psychiatrische Weiterbehandlung
konnte bei mehr als 30% und die hausärztliche Weiterbehandlung
bei mehr als 40% der Betroffenen nicht gesichert werden.

Schlussfolgerung Eine Verbesserung der Wohnsituation ist bei psychiatrisch
vollstationär Behandelten, die aus ungesicherten Wohnformen aufgenommen
wurden, in einer Minderzahl der Fälle möglich. Die
ungeklärte Wohnsituation wurde in etwa jedem dritten Fall als
Entlasshindernis angesehen.
Schwindel aus internistischer Sicht
Authors: Emrani Mahdi , Napp Andreas
Published: December 2023

Schwindel ist ein Symptom, welches mehrere potenzielle Ursachen haben kann. Internistische und insbesondere kardiale Ätiologien sind oft mit einer eingeschränkten Prognose behaftet. Deshalb ist die Identifikation der zugrunde liegenden Ursache des Schwindels essenziell. Dieser Artikel soll einen Überblick über potenzielle internistische Schwindelursachen geben, wie eine differenzialdiagnostische Abklärung erfolgen sollte und therapeutische Herangehensweisen wichtiger ausgewählter Erkrankungen beschreiben.
HIIT Induces Stronger Shifts within the Peripheral T Cell Compartment
Independent of Sex
Authors: Proschinger Sebastian , Schenk Alexander , Metcalfe Alan J. , Zimmer Philipp
Published: December 2023

Acute exercise induces changes within the T-cell compartment, especially in
cytotoxic CD8+ memory subsets, depending on exercise
intensity and duration. It is unclear whether exercise-induced changes in major
T-cell subsets differ in response to acute high-intensity interval training
(HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and whether sex-specific
effects exist. Twenty-four recreationally active runners (females: n=12,
27.8±4.1years,
54.4±4.6 ml*kg-1*min-1;
males: n=12, 31.6±3.8years,
58.9±7.7 ml*kg-1*min-1)
participated in this randomized controlled crossover study, and conducted an
energy- and duration-matched HIIT and MICT session. Blood was sampled before
(T1), immediately (T2) and 1 h after exercise
(T3). Flow cytometry was used to identify T-cell populations.
HIIT decreased the proportion of CD8+ T-cells more
pronounced at T3 compared to MICT (p=0.007), induced a
significantly stronger increase in the CD8+ effector
memory (TEM) cell proportion at T2 (p=0.032), and
decreased CD4+ central memory proportion more
pronounced at T2 (p=0.029). A decrease below baseline
CD8+ TEM proportion at T3
was observed only after HIIT (p<0.001). No interaction effects between
sexes were revealed. Taken together, HIIT represents a more potent stimulus to
induce shifts mainly within the cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell
compartment, thereby giving implications to investigate the role of HIIT on the
cell´s effector phenotype and function in more detail.
Wie gelingt die Einbindung von Betroffenen- und
Angehörigenvertreter:innen in die Entwicklung von evidenz- und
konsensbasierten Behandlungsleitlinien? Ergebnisse einer Umfrage im Fachbereich
Psychiatrie
Authors: Schladitz Katja , Weitzel Elena Caroline , Löbner Margrit , Soltmann Bettina , Jessen Frank , Schmitt Jochen , Pfennig Andrea , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Gühne Uta
Published: December 2023

Ziel Die Studie untersucht, wie gut die Beteiligung von Menschen mit
psychischen Beeinträchtigungen und Angehörigen an der
Entwicklung von psychiatrischen Leitlinien gegenwärtig gelingt.

Methodik Ergebnisse einer Umfrage unter N=561 (Response
37%) Entwickler:innen werden vorgestellt.

Ergebnisse Die Einbindung Betroffener gelingt häufiger gut als die
Angehöriger (61% vs. 55%). 68% stimmten zu, dass
deren Einbindung zentral für eine erfolgreiche Entwicklung ist.
51% sahen Diskrepanzen zwischen Evidenz und Betroffenen- und
Angehörigenperspektive. Benannt wurden auch eine mangelnde
Wertschätzung der Erfahrungsexpertise (33–36%),
ungenügende Repräsentanz (37%) und unzureichende
Gleichberechtigung in der Konsensfindung (46%). 45% sahen
Barrieren der Mitwirkung nicht wirksam abgebaut.

Schlussfolgerung Es bestehen weiterhin Herausforderungen bei der
Partizipation in der Leitlinienentwicklung. Gleichzeitig gibt es ein
Bewusstsein, dass diese für die Qualität einer Leitlinie zentral
ist. Es gilt, dieses Bewusstsein weiter auszubauen und den Herausforderungen
wirksam zu begegnen.
Cytokines in Immune-mediated “Non-infectious” Uveitis
Authors: Kalogeropoulos Dimitrios , Kanavaros Panagiotis , Vartholomatos Georgios , Moussa George , Chʼng Soon Wai , Kalogeropoulos Chris
Published: December 2023

Uveitis is a significant cause of ocular morbidity and accounts for approximately 5 – 10% of visual impairments worldwide, particularly among the working-age population. Infections are the cause of ~ 50% cases of uveitis, but it has been suggested that infection might also be implicated in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated “non-infectious” uveitis. There is growing evidence that cytokines (i.e., interleukins, interferons, etc.) are key mediators of immune-mediated “non-infectious” uveitis. For example, activation of the interleukin-23/interleukin-17 signalling pathway is involved in immune-mediated “non-infectious” uveitis. Studies in animal models have been important in investigating the role of cytokines in uveitis. Recent studies of clinical samples from patients with uveitis have allowed the measurement of a considerable array of cytokines even from very small sample volumes (e.g., aqueous and vitreous humour). The identification of complex patterns of cytokines may
contribute to a better understanding of their potential pathogenetic role in uveitis as well as to an improved diagnostic and therapeutic approach to treat these potentially blinding pathologies. This review provides further insights into the putative pathobiological role of cytokines in immune-mediated “non-infectious” uveitis.
Novel Synthetic Industrial Approach for Efficient Synthesis of Baclofen through C–C Bond Formation
Authors: Jagtap Ashutosh , Raut Changdev , Qureshi Shafiya Kausar , Kadam Nitin , Mungase Kailas , Marepu Nagaraju , Ambhaikar Narendra
Published: December 2023

Baclofen is an active pharmaceutical ingredient used for the treatment of muscle spasticity. We describe our efforts to develop a novel synthetic approach through C–C bond formation and a cost-effective route to baclofen. The synthesis involved a two-step approach through C–C bond formation using the extensively and commercially available starting material 4-chlorobenzyl cyanide with chloroacetic acid as a reagent in an aprotic solvent, followed by reduction of the nitrile functional group. The synthetic route to baclofen has been demonstrated to be commercially viable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. Execution of the developed process led to the isolation of (+)-baclofen in an overall yield of 60% at a multikilogram scale with >99.5% HPLC purity. This article also discusses the cost-effectiveness of the process, the impurity profiling, and the product quality.
Fetal Growth and Adiposity of Infants Born Large for Gestational Age in Three Harmonized Randomized Trials
Authors: Poprzeczny Amanda J. , Louise Jennie , Deussen Andrea R. , Dodd Jodie M.
Published: December 2023

Objective Infants born large for gestational age (LGA) are at an increased risk of short- and longer-term adverse outcomes. Understanding fetal growth and adiposity and their trajectories may help inform interventions to prevent birth of LGA infants. We aimed to compare fetal growth and adiposity measures of infants born LGA with those born not LGA, to determine whether the discrepancy at birth was primarily due to larger size throughout gestation, or instead to different trajectories of fetal growth.

Study Design This was a secondary analysis of secondary outcomes of fetal growth and adiposity from three harmonized randomized trials—the LIMIT, GRoW, and Optimise randomized trials. These trials recruited women in early pregnancy, and a singleton gestation, from three major public metropolitan Adelaide maternity hospitals. Maternal body mass index (BMI) ranged from 18.5 to ≥40.0 kg/m2. Data were obtained from enrolled women who underwent research ultrasounds at 28 and 36 weeks' gestation. Outcome measures were ultrasound measures of fetal biometry and adiposity.

Results Infants born LGA had larger fetal biometry measures, and higher growth trajectories, from 20 weeks' gestation. Fetal adiposity measures were consistently larger among infants born LGA and these differences increased over time. We did not find evidence that the differences in biometry and adiposity measurements varied according to maternal BMI.

Conclusion Infants born LGA had larger fetal biometry measures at all time points from 20 weeks' gestation, compared with infants born not LGA suggesting any interventions to prevent LGA likely need to commence earlier in pregnancy or prior to conception.

Key Points
A Comprehensive Review on Applicability and Bioactivity of Rogan-I-Kunjad (Sesamum indicum L-Oil): Unani Prospective
Authors: Naseem Saima , Khan Asif Ahmad , Uddin Qamar , Jabeen Arzeena , Ahmad Kamal , Asad Mohd
Published: December 2023

Sesame oil has a long history of usage as a food and medicine. It is the most used oil as a medicine or as a base oil for preparations of many compound drugs in the Unani system of medicine. It has a wide range of biological activities as mentioned in Unani classical text; this review highlights its pharmacological activities and their possible mode of action. Searched many Unani classical literature online and offline and simultaneously did parallel search on databases like PubMed, and Science Direct, and extraction of data related to sesame oil, sesame seeds with its pharmacological activities, mode of action, then interpretation and summarization of all related data. Sesame oil possesses many biological activities like anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, antiatherosclerotic, hepatoprotective, antiasthmatic, analgesic, emollient, antipruritic, and wound healing effects, which were scientifically demonstrated as mentioned in Unani literature. Sesame oil has a hopeful effect on modulating diseases with no significant toxic effect; so, there is a need to identify its safety and efficacy on human subjects to develop a new potential drug.
Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms and Dissecting Aneurysms in Patients with COVID-19: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Wajima Daisuke , Shimozato Rin , Takeshita Tomonori , Nagamine Tomoaki
Published: December 2023

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been associated with a hypercoagulable state and ischemic stroke. However, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is uncommon. Here, we report a case series of SAH caused by ruptured cerebral aneurysms or dissecting aneurysms (DAs) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and discuss the potential relationships between them.

Case Description Four of the six patients had a history of COVID-19, ranging from 2 to 9 days, one had COVID-19 pneumonia for 1 month, and one had SARS-CoV-2 positivity on admission. Plain head computed tomography revealed diffuse SAH in all cases, while angiography revealed a DA in the right posterior cerebral artery (P2 portion) in patient 1, DA in the right vertebral artery (VA) in patients 2 and 6, anterior communicating artery aneurysm in patient 3, blister aneurysm in the right internal cerebral artery (ICA) (C2 portion) in patient 4, and DAs in the right VA and extracranial portion of the right ICA in patient 5. Treatment comprised internal trapping for patients 1, 2, and 6; neck clipping for patient 3; stent-assisted coiling for patient 4; and internal trapping and flow diversion for patient 5. All the patients' postoperative courses were uneventful.

Conclusion The present cases alone do not provide clear evidence on whether SARS-CoV-2 infection causes ruptured cerebral aneurysms or DAs. Therefore, accumulation of more cases and further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and these aneurysm conditions.
Complete Intraventricular Migration of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: Once in a Blue Moon Phenomenon of Shunt Surgery
Authors: Yadav Vikrant , Prasad Ravi Shankar
Published: December 2023

Shunt surgery is a very common neurosurgical procedure for hydrocephalus. It is associated with numerous complications, and intraventricular shunt migration is one of rarest. Various mechanisms have been described to explain this rare entity. Hereby we present an index case of this rare complication of shunt surgery in which patient presented with tuberculous meningitis with hydrocephalus having intraventricular shunt migration and will discuss possible mechanisms responsible for it. A 1-year old male infant, previously diagnosed case of tuberculous meningitis with hydrocephalus with right-sided ventriculoperitoneal shunt in situ, presented to the emergency department with bulging fontanelles secondary to shunt malfunction. Left-sided ventriculoperitoneal shunt was inserted. After few months, patient turned up again with left-sided shunt malfunction and right-sided intraventricular migrated shunt. Endoscopy-assisted removal of intraventricular migrated shunt and simultaneous third ventriculostomy was done. Patient improved in postoperative period. Being an extremely uncommon complication, intraventricular migration of shunt described as “once in a blue moon” phenomenon. It can be avoided by proper surgical technique with adequate-sized burr hole. Removal of shunt is preferred for prevention of infection.
Current Perspective on Vitamins and SARS-CoV-2 Disease (COVID-19)
Authors: Goyal Himanshi , Rana Diksha , Sharma Renuka , Lamba Dikshit , Kaur Jyotdeep
Published: December 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus, has resulted in a pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has taken over the world in no time causing nearly 5 million deaths and almost 500 million people being affected as of June 2022 causing an extensive burden on healthcare facilities globally. Though the disease onset is via respiratory tract, but it affects almost all organs of the body and due to induction of mutations in the virus, combating with the disease is extremely difficult. The major damage associated with disease is driven through inflammatory pathways in tissues with accompanying cytokine storm mediated mainly by macrophages. Building a strong immune system requires maintenance of a healthy diet along with keeping vitamin and coenzyme deficiencies away. The review focuses on the importance of the vitamins for maintaining a good immune system to reduce the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, to fight the infection efficiently, and to reduce the impact of the disease. Vitamins play an essential role in modulating the immune responses to infection via altering the signaling pathways, which can act as potential weapons against the disease. Various water- and fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin B, C, D, and E have crucial roles in mediating primary interferon response, improving innate as well as adaptive functions of immunity and antioxidant properties. The current understanding about the supplementation of various vitamins as an adjunct therapeutic strategy to fight COVID-19 disease has also been discussed.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome as a Complication of Surgical Scaphoid Reconstruction in Nonunion and Secondary Fracture Dislocation
Authors: Brackertz Sophie , Andronic Octavian , Reissner Lisa , Pastor Torsten , Schweizer Andreas , Nagy Ladislav
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for postoperative carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in operative management for scaphoid nonunion and secondary fracture dislocation, treated surgically with takedown and bone grafting. We reviewed medical records of all our patients that underwent carpal tunnel release after scaphoid reconstruction surgery from August 2002 to December 2020. We identified a total of 7 out of 191 patients (3.7%). We investigated surgical parameters, pre- to postoperative changes, in three-dimensional measurements of the scaphoid and carpal tunnel morphometry. We found the preoperative intrascaphoid angle (ISA) and the postoperative change in ISA to correlate with an increased risk of postoperative CTS. Patients undergoing operative scaphoid reconstruction that require a high degree of geometric correction can be at risk to develop postoperative CTS, hence they should be subject to a lower threshold decision for prophylactic carpal tunnel release.

Level of Evidence Level III.
A Comparison of Rib Osteochondral Graft to Medial Femoral Trochlear Osteocartilaginous Graft for the Salvage of the Fragmented Scaphoid Proximal Pole: A Single-Center Experience with Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Butler Stephen , Galbraith John , Ek Eugene T. H. , Berger Anthony , McCombe David , Tham Stephen K.
Published: December 2023

Purpose Fragmented fractures of the proximal pole of the scaphoid that cannot be internally fixed may be salvaged by four-corner arthrodesis or proximal row carpectomy. Replacement of the proximal scaphoid with costal-osteochondral graft (COG) or the medial femoral trochlea (MFT) graft are two alternative solutions for this clinical presentation. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic results of the COG and the MFT graft with a minimum 2-year follow-up from a single centre.

Methods A retrospective study was performed to investigate the outcome of COG and MFT with a minimum 2 year follow up. Demographic data and clinical assessment including wrist range of motion and grip strength measurements and Oxford Knee score were collected. Patients completed the outcome measures of Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), and a ten-point visual analogue score for pain (VAS). Radiological examination was performed on all wrists at follow-up.

Results The visual analogue score, DASH and PRWE were similar between the two groups. There was radiographic evidence of arthritis between the radial styloid and distal scaphoid in all patients that underwent COG but no evidence in those that underwent MFT graft reconstruction. There were different complications in each group. Thirty percent of patients that underwent MFT reconstruction had persistent knee pain at follow up.

Conclusion Though there are notable differences in the follow-up period, patients undergoing MFT risk developing knee pain, while those undergoing COG risk radiographic progression of wrist arthritis.

Level of Evidence III – Comparative study.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Detection of Perineural Spread in Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sharma Pranav , Ajjikuttira Aiyapa , Malacova Eva , Gillespie Jennifer
Published: December 2023

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) for the detection of perineural spread (PNS) in head and neck cancer patients.

Methods A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases was performed up to May 20, 2022. We included diagnostic accuracy studies that used CE-MRI for the diagnosis of PNS in patients with head and neck cancer, using histopathology from surgical specimens as the reference standard. Potential bias and applicability of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADUS-2) tool. Pooled joint effect sizes of sensitivity and specificity were calculated by applying bivariate random-effects meta-analysis model.

Results Nine studies with 259 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of CE-MRI for detecting PNS were 89% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 73–96) and 83% (95% CI: 73–90), respectively. Stratifying by MRI strength, 1.5 T had a higher sensitivity of 97% (95% CI: 47–100) compared with 3 T, which had a sensitivity of 83% (95% CI: 72–90). Both 1.5- and 3-T MRI had a similar specificity in detecting PNS of 85% (95% CI: 63–95) and 84% (95% CI: 75–91), respectively.

Conclusions CE-MRI provides good diagnostic test accuracy for the detection of PNS in head and neck cancer. Current evidence suggests 1.5-T MRI provides greater sensitivity compared with 3-T MRI.
9.14.5 Phospholes (Update 2024)
Authors: Tobrman T.
Published: December 2023

1H-Phospholes are five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a low degree of aromaticity. The low aromaticity of 1H-phospholes makes them a unique motif in terms of their applications in materials chemistry. On the other hand, 1H-phospholes have reactivity that contrasts with that of other five-membered heterocyclic compounds, such as furans, pyrroles, and thiophenes. This review summarizes procedures used for the preparation of substituted 1H-phospholes in the period 2012–2023. In addition, the synthesis of phospholide ions and (5-phospholyl complexes is described.
15.10.4 Acridin-9(10H)-ones and Related Systems (Update 2024)
Authors: Wang L. , Liu M. , Cheng J.
Published: December 2023

Acridinones are an important class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles due to their unique therapeutic and biological properties, including anti-malarial, anti-cancer, anti-asthmatic, and anti-herpes activities. This is an update to the previous Science of Synthesis contribution covering methods for the preparation of acridin-9(10H)-ones and related ring systems, focusing on advances reported between 2005 and 2023.
22.1.2.3 Thioacyl Halides (Update 2024)
Authors: Li X. , Song Q.
Published: December 2023

Sulfur-containing functional groups feature widely in a broad spectrum of important compounds, including natural products, pharmaceuticals, and materials. Methods for the synthesis of thioacyl halides have been well-summarized and reviewed in Science of Synthesis in 2005; this update is focused on the most significant advances that have been reported since then.
22.1.5.3 Selenothiocarboxylic Se-Acid Esters (Update 2024)
Authors: Li X. , Song Q.
Published: December 2023

Sulfur-containing functional groups feature widely in a broad spectrum of important compounds, including natural products, pharmaceuticals, and materials. Methods for the synthesis of selenothiocarboxylic Se-acid esters have been well-summarized and reviewed in Science of Synthesis in 2005; this update is focused on the most significant advances that have been reported since then.
22.1.7.2 Thioamides (Update 2024)
Authors: Tang R.-Y.
Published: December 2023

This is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution describing methods for the synthesis of thioamides, with a focus on the literature published in the period 2005–2022. In this time, a number of new synthetic methods for the preparation of thioamides have been developed. A variety of substrates, including amides, aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, carboxylic acids, thiocarboxylic acids, β-oxo carboxylic acids, alkynes, alkenes, oximes, benzylamines, benzylic alcohols, benzylic thiols, benzyl disulfides, active methylene compounds, and isothiocyanates, have been applied in these transformations. The sulfur agents used include Lawesson’s reagent, elemental sulfur, sulfide salts, phosphorus pentasulfide, thiourea, dithiophosphate, carbon disulfide, and thiophosphoryl chloride.
Thermal stress simulation and fatigue life of commercial vehicle disk brakes under emergency braking conditions
Authors: Yin Xiaojing , Zhang Sen , Guo Feng , Pang Zaixiang , Rong Yao , Zhang Bangcheng
Published: December 2023

Commercial vehicle disk brakes operate at a high-temperature and in a heavy-load environment within the braking system. The primary cause of failure is the cracking of the brake disk. In order to study its fatigue damage and service life, a finite element model of disk brake fatigue life was established, and thermal stress coupling simulation analysis was carried out from a practical problem. Based on the temperature and stress fields of the brake disk under emergency braking conditions obtained from the simulation results, the effects of vehicle load, initial speed, temperature, and other factors on brake fatigue life are explored. The fatigue life of the hazardous node can be calculated using the Manson–Coffin model, and then the strain–life (ɛ–N) curve of the material can be fit at high temperature. The fatigue life of brake disks was predicted using the fatigue analysis software FE-SAFE and verified by testing. The results showed that the maximum stress on the surface of the disk brake was the same as the area of the minimum fatigue life, accurately analyzing the fatigue life of the region and predicting the location of fatigue cracks. The results of the research can provide a reference for the design of disk brake engineering and fatigue failure.
A bone structure-inspired design of bionic wing rib
Authors: Dong Xin , Yao Leijiang , Liu Hongjun , Ding You , Shen Bing
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a method to generative design bionic bone structures wing ribs by simulating the formation process of soap bubble boundary. In this method, the position of the central control point is optimized by the genetic algorithm to simulate the moving process of the bubble, and the control point is simplified by the K-means classification method to improve the computational efficiency. The boundary formed by the extrusion of bubbles is filled with a bone-like grid structure to realize the optimal design of a bone-like rib structure. Compared with the traditional honeycomb sandwich structure, the bone-like rib structure can distribute the stress evenly throughout the structure, thus reducing the stress concentration and improving the bearing capacity of the structure. The method proposed in this paper provides a new idea for a multilevel structure design.
Modulated transport and magnetic behavior in antiferromagnetic NdNiO3/SrIrO3 bilayers
Authors: Li Yao , Zheng Shuhan , Liu Meifeng , Wang Xiuzhang , Li Hong , Liu Jun-Ming , Wu Di
Published: December 2023

Antiferromagnetic spintronics is intrigued due to its unique properties that could break through the restrictions in ferromagnets. A 3d/5d transition metal oxide heterostructure is a good platform in antiferromagnetic spintronics research since the strong spin–orbit coupling in 5d oxides may bring about delicate interaction with the correlation energy and motivate unconventional phenomena. Here, the transport and magnetic characters of bilayers composed of antiferromagnetic 3d perovskite NdNiO3 and 5d perovskite SrIrO3 were investigated. The decreased metal–insulator transition and Néel temperature associated with suppressed negative magnetoresistance, emerged spin-glass like phenomenon, and the humped nonlinear Hall effect were observed in NdNiO3/SrIrO3 bilayers, which were absent in NdNiO3 and SrIrO3 pure films. It suggests the important role of interfacial interaction between NdNiO3 and SrIrO3 in modulating heterostructure transport and magnetic behavior and also manifests that complex magnetic structures might be realized in NdNiO3/SrIrO3 bilayers.
Time-mean equation and multi-field coupling numerical method for low-Reynolds-number turbulent flow in ferrofluid
Authors: Li Wangxu , Li Zhenggui , Han Wei , Tan Shanwen , Yan Shengnan , Wang Dongwei , Yang Shiqi
Published: December 2023

Significant breakthroughs in the theory and applications of ferrofluid have broadened their usage in areas such as sealing and actuation. However, the development of numerical ferrofluid dynamics has been slow owing to inadequate multi-field coupling techniques and incomplete equations for turbulence in ferrofluid flow. The understanding of low-Reynolds-number turbulent flow mechanisms in ferrofluid at small scales, particularly in sealing and actuation applications, remains limited, therefore hindering further advancements. This article delves into the turbulent flow equations for general fluid and discusses the influence of different-scale vortices on the average fluid motion. An anisotropic turbulence model was introduced and verified using fluid flow around a cylinder. Magnetic and flow fields data were coupled through node ranking and interpolation methods. By introducing the interaction force of magnetic dipoles, the turbulent equations were refined within Euler grids, thereby establishing a numerical model for the turbulent motion of ferrofluids influenced by multiple fields. This model was applied to study the deformation and migration processes of ferrofluid under an external magnetic field. The variations in ferrofluid motion under magnetic forces were encapsulated, and macroscopic flow comparisons were made through experiments, which demonstrated good consistency. This research provides new methods and ideas for use in ferrofluid numerical studies. Additionally, it offers valuable technical support that can aid in developing industrial products such as sealing and driving devices based on ferrofluids.
Analytical evaluations of the path integral Monte Carlo thermodynamic and Hamiltonian energies for the harmonic oscillator
Authors: Chin Siu A.
Published: December 2023

By using the recently derived universal discrete imaginary-time propagator of the harmonic oscillator, both thermodynamic and Hamiltonian energies can be given analytically and evaluated numerically at each imaginary time step for any short-time propagator. This work shows that, using only currently known short-time propagators, the Hamiltonian energy can be optimized to the twelfth-order, converging to the ground state energy of the harmonic oscillator in as few as three beads. This study makes it absolutely clear that the widely used second-order primitive approximation propagator, when used in computing thermodynamic energy, converges extremely slowly with an increasing number of beads.
Coexistence of two coacervate phases of polyglycine in water suggested by polymer reference interaction site model theory
Authors: Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi , Chong Song-Ho , Yoshida Norio
Published: December 2023

Mixing Gibbs energy and phase equilibria of aqueous solutions of polyglycine were studied theoretically by means of polymer reference interaction site model integral equation theory combined with the Gibbs–Duhem method. In addition to the ordinary liquid–liquid phase separation between dilute and concentrated solutions, the theoretical calculation predicted the coexistence of two coacervate phases, namely, the lower- and higher-density coacervates. The relative thermodynamic stabilities of these two phases change with the polymerization degree of polyglycine. The higher-density coacervate phase was rapidly stabilized by increasing the polymer length, and the lower-density phase became metastable at large polymers. The hydrogen bonds between the peptide chains were strengthened, and water was thermodynamically destabilized in the higher-density coacervate. A possible relation with the formation of amyloid fibril within a liquid droplet is also discussed.
Verbal play in dementia care
Authors: Lin Shumin
Published: December 2023

Humor has been found to be used as a discourse strategy for negotiating power relations and mitigating FTAs in institutional elderly care. Drawing from two years of ethnography in two adult day centers in Taiwan, this article examines verbal play between a person living with dementia and a caregiver over time to illustrate how verbal play is used as meaningful, tailored practices for person-centered dementia care that leads to enhanced cognition and positive emotion. The caregiver’s framing of dementia care as person-centered and her laminating multiple frames of interactions to enrich communicative environments provides a fruitful approach to dementia care in institutional contexts and beyond.
High voltage flexible glucose/O2 fully printed hydrogel-based enzymatic fuel cell
Authors: Marchianò Verdiana , Tricase Angelo , Ditaranto Nicoletta , Macchia Eleonora , d’Ingeo Silvia , Franco Cinzia Di , Scamarcio Gaetano , Torsi Luisa , Bollella Paolo
Published: December 2023

Herein we report on a novel enzymatic fuel cell (EFC) based on stencil printed electrodes modified with pyrrolo quinoline quinone glucose dehydrogenase and bilirubin oxidase, which are assembled by considering two different configurations: (i) normal assembling in liquid electrolyte and (ii) six EFCs connected in series, each one comprising both bioanode and biocathode, coupled through a hydrogel-based electrolyte in a stack-like mode similar to a Voltaic pile. After a deep electrodes characterization, they are assembled according to the first configuration obtaining an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.562 ± 0.002 V. Moreover, the EFC performance are substantially improved by using the second configuration (six EFCs connected in series) obtaining an OCV of 2.36 ± 0.22 V with a maximum power output of 22.9 ± 0.9 μW at a cell voltage of 1.95 V (operating in 10 mM D-glucose). This innovative approach represents a proof-of-concept towards the development of renewable power sources and could serve as a critical step in powering implantable bioelectronics, such as pacemakers.
Ultrafast photocarrier dynamics in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots investigated via optical pump-terahertz probe spectroscopy
Authors: Juguilon Vince Paul , Lumantas-Colades Deborah Anne , Omambac Karim , Cabello Neil Irvin , Maeng Inhee , Kang Chul , Somintac Armando , Salvador Arnel , Reyes Alexander De Los , Kee Chul-Sik , Estacio Elmer
Published: December 2023

Optical pump-terahertz probe (OPTP) spectroscopy was performed to measure the lifetime of photogenerated carriers in the barrier and the wetting layer (WL) regions of an indium arsenide on gallium arsenide (InAs/GaAs) single-layer self-assembled quantum dot (QD) sample. A modified rate equation model of carrier dynamics was proposed where possible state-filling in both QD and WL is considered. Drude model fitting was also performed to extract the time-dependent plasma frequency and phenomenological scattering time from the terahertz transmission spectra. The results of the OPTP experiment show two prominent recombination processes that occur at different timescales after photoexcitation. These two processes were attributed to carrier recombination in the GaAs barrier and the quantum well-like states of the WL based on the fitted lifetimes. Calculations using the coupled differential rate equations were also able to replicate the experimental trend at low fluence. The lack of agreement between experimental data and numerical calculations at high optical fluence was mainly attributed to the possible saturation of the GaAs density of states. Lastly, the results of the parameter fitting for the plasma frequency and scattering time indicate a transition from the barrier to the WL recombination as the dominant carrier recombination mechanism within the time scale of the OPTP scan. This further lends credence to the proposed model for carrier dynamics in SAQD systems under state-filling conditions.
Generalized Fano resonance theory based on Fabry-Perot cavity
Authors: Guan Xueyu , Liu Qingquan , Li Chenlu , Yin Zhiqin , Wu Jie , Yu Peiqi , Lu Wei , Wang Shaowei
Published: December 2023

Fano resonance is a pervasive phenomenon observed across many systems, which has traditionally been interpreted through the coupled harmonic oscillator model. However, the traditional model is limited, especially for different line shapes. In this study, we offer a generalized model by incorporating an imaginary coupling coefficient. This approach fundamentally differs from existing theories by identifying two unique Fano line shapes in the electric field of metallic Fabry–Perot cavity. The model connects the imaginary coupling coefficient with phase distribution of the coupling mode, thus revealing the relationship between Fano line shapes and the trend of phase shifts. This provides a new way for understanding and manipulating Fano resonance. The Fano resonance generation has been validated experimentally through reflection spectra. Our investigation offers a new perspective for understanding of Fano resonance via the coupled harmonic oscillator model and paves a way for the development of dynamically tunable Fano resonance devices.
A cross-domain intelligent fault diagnosis method based on multi-source domain feature adaptation and selection
Authors: Jia Ning , Huang Weiguo , Cheng Yao , Ding Chuancang , Wang Jun , Shen Changqing
Published: December 2023

Although fault diagnosis methods integrating transfer learning are research hotspots, their ability to handle industrial fault diagnosis problems with large domain differences still needs to be improved. A multi-source domain feature adaptation and selection method is presented to address the issues of domain mismatch and domain negative transfer. The method integrates the top-level network parameter transfer strategy with the 2D convolutional neural network backbone network to acquire the target domain feature extractor quickly. Multiple feature adaptive extractors (FAEs) are constructed using a multi-branch structure to align the source and target domain’s feature distributions, respectively. The inter-domain distance computed by multi-kernel maximum mean discrepancy is embedded in the FAEs loss function to improve the inter-domain matching degree. Based on the information gain of the adaptively integrated features, the ensemble adaptive selection is performed on the extracted feature matrices to exclude the negative transfer feature. Finally, the effective feature matrix is input into the diagnosis classifier for classification. Cross-domain fault diagnosis experiments are developed based on the data set gathered from several types of rotating machinery operated under varied working conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing intelligent fault diagnosis methods in terms of fault detection accuracy, generalization, and stability.