bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Saving Potential of Dynamic Lighting Control in Street Lighting Systems in Libya
Authors: Alabani Salah
Published: January 2022

This paper studies the manner of energy consumption in Libyan street lighting systems and general road section. It also suggests proposal system with two cases of operation for an attempt to apply the energy saving program by adopting an optimum method in order to decrease the demand of energy in this section and to reduce the use of uneconomic equipment.The proposal system in this paper introduces the Light Emitting Diode (LED) street lighting technology to be used instead of traditional luminaries High Pressure Sodium (HPS). Th proposed system is divided into two cases. Th fist case discusses the replacement of traditional luminaries (HPS) with energy saving luminaries (LED), while second case explains how integrating control node (dynamic dimmer) into LED in order to dim output lighting in streets will save more energy.This study reaches a result that a signifiant amount of energy of %47 (about 1092.23 GWh/year) of total energy consumed in street lighting sector could be saved if fist case is applied. Moreover, it suggests that more energy of %58 (about 1380.02 GWh/year) of total energy consumed in the same sector cloud be saved if the second case is adopted.
Review on Solar Ponds in Libya
Authors: Ramadan Abdulghani , Agha Khairy
Published: January 2022

Solar and renewable energies applications got great interest and attention in the last few decades. Problems related to CO2 emissions, air pollution, Ozone layer depletion, global warming, and environmental issues raise the necessity for getting clean and safe energy. For this purpose, the Center for Solar Energy Studies (CSERS) in Libya conducted huge research work in different applications for solar and renewable energies. One of these important activities is the Solar Gradient Solar Pond technology. It is an effective solar energy collection and storage system which presents a relatively simple and economic method of providinglow-grade energy with the advantage of an annual storage cycle.This paper presents a general review of researches and studies on solar ponds that were conducted by the CSERS research team. Tajoura’s Experimental Solar Pond (TESP) is designed as an experimental facility enabling the investigation of various aspects of pond performance. It is constructed by the Center for Solar Energy Studies, in joint cooperation with a Swiss company, with a surface area of about 830 m2, and a depth of 2.5 m, coupled with an evaporative pond of 105 m2 area and 1.5 m deep, equipped with all necessary equipment and measuring control system.The paper also shows the experience of operating MSF desalination unit coupled with TESP solar pond. Finally, other factors affecting the solar pond’s thermal stability were also discussed.
Wind Resource Assessment for southern part of Libya: Case Study of Hun
Authors: Shreif Hiba , El-Osta Wedad , Yagub A.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the wind energy resource potential at Hun. Wind data was analyzed using diffrent statistical models and calculations were performed to forecast wind energy & power density at the site. Energy production was estimated using diffrent wind turbines which were selected according IEC standards criteria and performance of these wind turbines. Detailed wind resource data analysis was performed for the proposed site using Excel spreadsheet for one-year period from (April 2011 to March 2012). Th wind data are measured at four heights of (20 m, 40m, 60m and 61m) above ground level (a.g.l). Th analysis showed that the annual average wind speed is 5.69 m/s and the power density is about 190 W/m2 at 61m height. It could be noticed that at 61m height, the highest scale parameter is 7.25 m/s in April while the lowest scale parameter is 5.71 m/s in October. Th annual shape and scale parameters range from 2.27 at 61m to 2 at 20m, and from 6.42 m /s at 61m to 5 m /s at 20m, respectively. 90% of the speeds are below 11m/s, 84% are below 10m/s and 50% are above 6 m/s. Th maximum speed is 21 m/s with 0.14% occurrence. Th wind shear exponent was evaluated as 0.18 and the roughness length for the site as 0.17 m, which indicates that the roughness class for the location is 2.5. According to the performed analysis, the wind turbines suitable for this site should be of class III/B. Comparison of three wind turbines indicated that Vestas V112-3000 gave the highest capacity factor of 42% in April and an availability of 83% while Nordex N100- 2500 gave capacity factor of 41% for the same month and availability of 83.7%.
محاكاة و تقييم استخدام منظومات تسخين المياه بالطاقة الشمسية في المساجد داخل مدينة طرابلس- ليبيا
Authors: الطويل إبراهيم , عبيد المختار , بالحاج سعيد , سويد بلقاسم
Published: January 2022

تصنف المساجد باعتبارها أحد أكثر الأماكن جاذبية للمواطنين خلال أوقات الصلاة في ليبيا، حيث يتم استهلاك الطاقة الكهربائية على نطاق واسع وتحويلها إلى العديد من أنواع الطاقة، فالماء الساخن مطلوب للوضوء خلال موسم البرد، الذي يستمر طيلة 5 أشهر في السنة تقريباً، حيث يتم استخدام الطاقة الكهربائية لتوفير الطلب على الماء الساخن. في هذه الورقة ، تمت دراسة إمكانية ًتركيب سخانات المياه الشمسية في عشرة مساجد في مدينة طرابلس ، وفقا للاتفاق بين الهيئة العامة للأوقاف و الشؤون الإسلامية و مركز بحوث و دراسات الطاقة الشمسية CSERS، لذلك تم إجراء دراسة مفصلة لاحتمال تظليل الموقع خلال العام باستخدام برنامج استشاري المناخ 0.6 Consultant Climate و برنامج 2017 Make Sketchup ، علاوة على ذلك تم تصميم منظومة تسخين المياه بالطاقة الشمسية بواسطة برنامج (5.5 Pro SOL*T)  للتصميم والمحاكاة. وقد بينت النتائج أن استخدام منظومات الدوران الطبيعي (Thermosyphon) يمكن أن يفشل في توفير حمل الماء الساخن في المساجد التي تم دراستها، وذلك بسبب وجود ظلال المباني المحيطة خلال فصل الشتاء وكذلك بسبب كبر حمل تسخين المياه لهذه المساجد المزدحمة. ومع ذلك، تم إقتراح استخدام منظومات تسخين المياه بالطاقة الشمسية ذات الدوران القسري )Circulation Forced( التي تسخدم مضخة تدوير ، والتي تكون قادرة على توفير قدرات عالية مع انخفاض استهلاك الكهرباء، علاوة على ذلك فإن الأنظمة التي يتم ضخها متوافقة مع الأنظمة التقليدية التي تعمل بالوقود.
Aerodynamics Analysis of a Slotted A4412 Wind Turbine Airfoil Using CFD / Case Two
Authors: Elmosrati Omar
Published: January 2022

The static pressure, dynamic pressure and velocity magnitude are important parameters and have a strong inflence on airfoil lif force. In this paper a slotted NACA4412 airfoil profie is considered for analysis by using the commercial code ANSYS-FLUENT 14.5® at an inlet boundary condition of diffrent approaching wind velocities for various airfoil angles of attack in the range 0˚to 24˚. Renormalized group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model with enhanced wall function is used for the analysis due its’ wide usage inthe aerodynamic industry. Variations of the physical properties like static pressure, dynamic pressure and velocity magnitude are plotted in form of contours and/or vectors. Th main aim of the research is to fid out a method to enhance the effiency of the selected airfoil and its’ workability in a wide range of low and high wind speeds which might make it suitable for installation and operation in diffrent climates.This feasibility of enhancing the lift is and/or minimizing the drag is done by CFD on a series of independently modifid NACA4412 airfoils. Th current one is called Case 2. Th analysis output of Case 2 is not encouraging. It does not show any improvement in NACA4412 airfoil effiency and therefore it is classifid as (obsolete).
Simulation of Th Effct of Libyan Sand on Th Reflctance Surface of CSP
Authors: Endaya E. , Sansom C. , Comley P. , Almond H. , Dekam E. , Abdunnabi M.
Published: January 2022

The reflctor characteristics are negatively affcted by the harsh desert weather conditions and hence the performance of the system decreases. Ths paper investigates the effct of two diffrent types of moving sands “A” and “B” from Libya on the performance and safety of the solar reflctors. Samples are collected from areas that are suitable for installing CSP plants. Thy are in diffrent particle sizes and chemical compositions: sand “A” with size ranges between 0.025-0.355 mm, and “B” is within 0.124-0.479 mm. Thexperiment outcome using sand blasting indicated that sand “A” has more inflence than sand “B” as the small particles of “A” spread over a large area of the reflctor. It is also noticed in the range studied that the speed variation effct has more impact than the mass quantity changing. For clean surfaces, the reflctivity is dropped by 2.2%, and the damaged surfaces increased about 1 mm in case of 0.5 g mass at 27 m/s storm speed. For 2g mass at 21 m/s storm speed, the roughness is found 3 mm.
Lithuanian - English Dictionary of Librarianship, Information and Book Science (LIBS)
Authors: Bliūdžiuvienė Nijolė , Valiukėnas Vytautas Jonas
Published: January 2022

Dictionary of terms
DISEÑO DEL TERRITORIO DE VENTA PARA ADMINISTRADORAS DE FONDOS QUE PERMITAN INCREMENTO EN LA RECAUDACIÓN
Authors: Villamar Monteros Sofía Margarita , Hurel Franco Gisella Patricia
Published: January 2022

La presente investigación hace un análisis de la necesidad que tienen las administradoras de fondos de contar con territorios de ventas, siendo las empresas objeto de estudio entidades dedicadas a prestar servicios de administración de fondos, con la finalidad de generar una rentabilidad sobre el capital hasta que venza el tiempo de la inversión. La carencia de territorios de venta imposibilita la expansión de las administradoras de fondos en el Ecuador, lo que indirectamente ocasiona una baja recaudación comercial. Por tal razón, estas empresas apuntan al mejoramiento eficiente de sus herramientas de ventas e indicadores de recaudación. El objetivo principal del presente artículo es definir de manera adecuada los criterios para una asignación efectiva de territorios de ventas para ofertar fondos de inversión. Esta investigación es de enfoque mixto con un diseño de tipo concurrente empleando principalmente una investigación documental, mediante la recopilación de literatura relativa a los fondos de inversión. El artículo concluye precisando las teorías y metodologías idóneas para una correcta asignación de territorios de ventas.
Opinion: Coordinated Development of Emission Inventories for Climate Forcers and Air Pollutants
Authors: Smith Steven J. , McDuffie Erin E. , Charles Molly
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Emissions into the atmosphere of fine particulates, their precursors, and precursors to tropospheric ozone, not only impact human health and ecosystems, but also impact the climate by altering Earth’s radiative balance. Accurately quantifying these impacts across local to global scales, historically, and in future scenarios, requires emission inventories that are accurate, transparent, complete, comparable, and consistent. In an effort to better quantify the emissions and impacts of these pollutants, also called short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is developing a new SLCF emissions methodology report. This report would supplement existing IPCC reporting guidance on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventories, currently used by inventory compilers to fulfill national reporting requirements under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and new requirements of the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) under the Paris Agreement starting in 2024. We review the relevant issues, including how air pollutant and GHG inventory activities have historically been structured, as well as potential benefits, challenges, and recommendations for coordinating GHG and air pollutant inventory efforts. We argue that while there are potential benefits to increasing coordination between air pollutant and GHG inventory development efforts, we also caution that there are differences in appropriate methodologies and applications that must jointly be considered.
Pronounced seasonal and spatial variability in determinants of phytoplankton biomass dynamics along a near–offshore gradient in the southern North Sea
Authors: Otero Viviana , Pint Steven , Deneudt Klaas , De Rijcke Maarten , Mortelmans Jonas , Schepers Lennert , Cabrera Patricia , Sabbe Koen , Vyverman Wim , Vandegehuchte Michiel , Everaert Gert
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Marine phytoplankton biomass dynamics are affected by eutrophication, ocean warming, and ocean acidification. These changing abiotic conditions may impact phytoplankton biomass and its spatiotemporal dynamics. In this study, we used a nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton model to quantify the relative importance of bottom-up and top-down determinants on phytoplankton biomass dynamics in the Belgian Part of the North Sea. Using four years (2014–2017) of monthly observations at nine locations of nutrients, solar irradiance, sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a and zooplankton biomass, we disentangled the monthly, seasonal and yearly variation in phytoplankton biomass dynamics. To quantify how the relative importance of determinants changed along a near–offshore gradient, the analysis was performed for three spatial regions, i.e. nearshore region (< 10 km to the coastline), midshore region (10–30 km), and offshore region (> 30 km). We found that from year 2014 to 2017, phytoplankton biomass dynamics ranged from 1.4 to 23.1 mg Chla m−3. Phytoplankton biomass dynamics follow a general seasonal cycle as in other temperate regional seas, with a distinct spring bloom (5.3–23.1 mg Chla m−3) and a modest autumn bloom (2.9–5.4 mg Chla m−3). This seasonal pattern was most expressed in the nearshore region. The relative contribution of factors determining phytoplankton biomass dynamics varied spatially and temporally. Throughout a calendar year, solar irradiance and zooplankton grazing were the most influential determinants in all regions, i.e. explained 38 %–65 % of the variation in the offshore region, 45 %–71 % in the midshore region, and 56 %–77 % in the nearshore region. In the near- and midshore regions, nutrients are most limiting the phytoplankton production in the month following the spring bloom (44 %–55 %). Nutrients are a determinant throughout the year in the offshore region (27 %–62 %). During winter, sea surface temperature is a determinant in all regions (15 %–17 %). The findings of this study contribute to a better mechanistic understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of phytoplankton biomass in the southern North Sea. The parameterized causal relationships allow estimating how the base of the southern North Sea food web will change under future climate change and/or blue economy activities that affect one or more determinants of the phytoplankton biomass dynamics.
SORDOR Pulses: Expansion of the Böhlen-Bodenhausen Scheme for Low-Power Broadband Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Haller Jens D. , Goodwin David L. , Luy Burkhard
Published: January 2022

Abstract. A novel type of efficient broadband pulses, called SORDOR (second order phase dispersion by optimized rotation pulses), has recently been introduced. In contrast to adiabatic excitation, SORDOR-90 pulses provide effective transverse 90° rotations throughout their bandwidth, with a quadratic offset dependence of the phase in the x,y-plane. Together with phase-matched SORDOR-180 pulses, this enables the Böhlen-Bodenhausen broadband spectroscopy approach for frequency-swept pulses to be extended to any type of 90°/180° pulse-delay sequence. Example pulse shapes are characterised in theory and experiment and an example broadband application is given with a 19F-PROJECT experiment for measuring T2-relaxation times without distortions due to J-coupling evolution.
Quantifying the climatic impact of crude oil pollution on sea ice albedo
Authors: Redmond Roche Benjamin Heikki , King Martin D.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Sea ice albedo is an important component of the Earth’s climate and is affected by low background concentrations of oil droplets within the ice matrix that absorb solar radiation. In this study the albedo response of three different types of sea ice (multi-year, first-year, and melting sea ice) are calculated at increasing mass ratios (0–1000 ng g−1) of crude oil by using a coupled atmosphere-sea ice radiative-transfer model (TUV-snow) over the optical wavelengths 400–700 nm. The different types of quasi-infinite thickness sea ice exhibit different albedo responses to oil pollution, with a 1000 ng g−1 mass ratio of oil causing a decrease to 70.9 % in multi-year sea ice, 47.9 % in first-year sea ice, and 22 % in melting sea ice relative to the unpolluted albedo at a wavelength of 400 nm. The thickness of the sea ice is also an important factor, with realistic thickness sea ices exhibiting similar results, albeit with a weaker albedo response for multi-year sea ice to 75.3 %, first-year sea ice to 66.7 %, and melting sea ice to 35.7 %. The type of oil also plays a significant role on the response of sea ice albedo, with a relatively opaque and heavy crude oil (Romashkino oil) causing a significantly larger decrease in sea ice albedo than a relatively transparent light crude oil (Petrobaltic oil). The size of the oil droplets polluting the oil also plays a minor role in the albedo response, with weathered submicron droplets (0.05–0.5 µm radius) of Romashkino oil being the most absorbing across the optical wavelengths considered. Therefore, the work presented here demonstrates that low background concentrations of small submicron to micron-sized oil droplets have a significant effect on sea ice albedo. All three types of sea ice are affected, however first-year sea ice and particularly melting sea ice are very sensitive to oil pollution; thus, the Arctic may become more vulnerable to oil pollution as the ice becomes progressively thinner and younger in response to a changing climate.
Ընտրական ինստիտուտների զարգացման պատմական էվոլյուցիան
Authors: KERYAN GARIK , KOSTANYAN NVER
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the article is to highlight the historical development of electoral institutions and their characteristic features in different historical and political periods with the examples of specific state and social communities. Democratic governance and one of its most important components: elections and electoral institutions, which are designed to ensure the active public participation in the decision-making process, have come a long way of historical development before reaching us in this form.Therefore, to address the various and multi-layered issues encountered nowadays it is important to explore the historical developments of elections and electoral institutions.
In order to carry out the study, the following tasks were set: to specify the features
characteristic of electoral processes and institutions from the tribal order to the current realities and to identify possible historical patterns.
Historical, comparative, combination and abstract methods were used in the research.
To conclude the study, we can state that electoral institutions have been known to mankind in their embryonic states since time immemorial and the their development occurred due to the influence of a number of socio-political factors.
OPPORTUNITIES IN MEDIA INDUSTRY POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Chawla Amit , Chawla Sayani , Bhushan Neha
Published: January 2022

This book is designed to guide aspirants and beginners in the field of Mass Communication, especially those who are contemplating a professional career after the COVID-19 pandemic. The idea is to bring together media practitioners and eminent academicians from top media institutes so that they share their expertise and help newbies with available career choices in various sub-disciplines related to this field. The chapters in this book are written by top professors and scholars from SRFTI, AJK-MCRC Jamia Millia Islamia, IIMC, NIFT, Delhi University, Amity University, Sharda University, HP University, BIT – Durg, St. Xavier’s – Kolkata, University of Technology & Applied Sciences – OMAN, etc.; and from industry practitioners affiliated with NDTV, IGNCA – Ministry of Culture, Inshorts and many others.
Exploring the Factors that affect Education Branding and Image Creation in B-School: Using Factor Analysis
Authors: Mishra Manoj Kumar , Singh Priyanka , Sharma Nidhi
Published: January 2022

Over the last decade, business education has been a popular topic of study for those pursuing higher education. Because the IIMs/IITs and top B-schools are unable to meet this demand, private firms have been allowed to enter the market. This has resulted in severe competition among B-schools, and the education business has never been more competitive. Due to the intense competition among B-Schools (especially private institutions/universities), they have decided to trademark their education. This research is being carried out with the primary goal of determining the most influential aspects in the development of the business school as a brand from the student's perspective. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit responses from respondents about the concept of educational branding. The statistical tool of factorial analysis is used to study the factors of educational branding. The exhibits of Educational Brand image construction model by private institutions and the articulation seen by future managers are explored in this study. This also allows institutions to place a greater emphasis on elements that have a high ranking among students rather of examining all of them.
Ecological and toxicological state of the volkhov bay of ladoga lake
Authors: Romanov A. Yu. , Arshanitsa N. M. , Stekolnikov A. A. , Grebtsov M. R.
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the issue of the ecological and toxicological state of the Volkhov Bay of Ladoga Lake — one of the most polluted water areas of the reservoir, which is of important fisheries importance and has a significant impact on the water quality of the Neva River in winter. Biological and chemical-analytical studies conducted in the summer of this year showed mass lesions of fish with chronic toxicosis. The study of water and bottom sediments did not reveal pronounced deposits from the norm, which is associated with the hydrological features of this water area — the nature of bottom sediments and the presence of currents, which contributes to the removal of pollutants outside the lip into the lake. Fish turned out to be the most informative indicators of the quality of their habitat. The study of various fish species caught in these waters showed that their toxicosis, regardless of the type, is of a massive nature, proceeds chronically, mainly with mild and moderate injuries in the gill tissue and parenchymal organs. It is shown that the lesion of fish is associated with and more pronounced in the water areas gravitating to the sources of pollution — the mouth of the river Volkhov and the stock of the Syasky Central Bank. Assessing the ecological and toxicological state of the Volkhov Bay at the present time in comparison with the results of past studies, some improvement should be noted.
Prevention of diseases of the limbs in highly productive cows in the conditions of the industrial complex
Authors: Batrakov A. Ya. , Videnin V. N. , Sergeeva M. A.
Published: January 2022

The object of the study was cows of a black-and-white Holstein breed on tethered maintenance, housed in cowsheds of 200 animals each. Milk productivity per day averaged 36.2 kg per cow. The following main etiological factors of the occurrence and development of finger diseases were identified: violations of the conditions of keeping and feeding cows, lack of regular pruning and clearing of hooves, year-round stable maintenance and lack of exercise. When analyzing the biochemical composition of blood, it was revealed that the protein level in 67% of animals was higher than the normative indicators and was in the range of 89.7 - 91.2 g/l, the reserve alkalinity of blood serum in 86.5% of cows was reduced, which was 33.2 - 41.2 vol%, the ratio between albumins and globulins was violated. Also, 45.7% of the cows studied had a decrease in glucose levels in relation to the normative indicators. A set of measures for the prevention of diseases of the fingers in cows has been developed and its clinical effectiveness has been determined. A detergent and disinfectant called Compomol DS Step antipodermite is proposed for the rehabilitation of limbs in animals. This remedy has not only detergent -antiseptic properties against fresh wounds of the sole of the fingers, crumb, tissues of the arch of the interhoof slit and corolla, but also promotes rapid granulation of wounds, seals the horny wall of the hooves, forms a protective film with a long-lasting antimicrobial effect. The results obtained in production conditions indicate that the double use during the week of foot baths with a 5% solution of Compomol DS Step antipodermite reduces the incidence of limbs in cows by 26.3%, compared with the use of a 5% solution of copper sulfate.
Changes in blood biochemical parameters in the first two months of lactation in primiparous goats of the saanen breed
Authors: Leibova V. B.
Published: January 2022

The biochemical blood profile is one of the tools for monitoring the feeding and keeping of animals, and their state of health. However, it requires clarification for individuals reared both in different climatic conditions and operated under different housing systems. In this regard, the purpose of our study was to assess the temporal changes in the levels of circulating metabolites and the activity of enzymes in the first-flowing Saanen goats in the first two months of lactation, reared with intensive maintenance technology in the climatic conditions of the North-West region of Russia. Blood sampling from primiparous goats (n = 32) was carried out twice: on days 20- 30 and days 50-60 after lambing (MayJune). In the blood serum, the concentration of total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, glucose, total cholesterol was determined, as well as the activity of enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). It was found that by the end of the second month of lactation, the most significant changes occurred in lipid metabolism. Thus, the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood increased by 71% and 11% (p˂ 0.001). The change in the parameters of protein metabolism was less dynamic: the content of total protein, creatine and albumin increased by 7.4%, 10.8% (p˂ 0.001) and 2% (p˂ 0.05), respectively. ALT activity increased by 19% (p˂ 0.001). Comparative analysis of blood biochemical parameters of the first and second months of lactation showed a positive dynamics of the process of adaptation of primiparous goats. The obtained values of blood biochemical parameters can be used to establish basic physiological values for 1-2 months of lactation in primiparous goats. This will facilitate a realistic assessment of the management, nutrition and health status of Saanen goats reared in large livestock facilities.
Clinical and hematological parameters of calves in biogeochemical conditions of the Astrakhan region
Authors: Mikhailova I. S. , Zaitsev V. V. , Pudovkin N. A. , Shcherbakova E. N. , Zakharkina N. I.
Published: January 2022

The importance of trace elements in the nutrition of young farm animals is extremely high, since they participate in the regulation of basic physiological processes, and also serve as activators of enzymes of structural elements. In order to achieve good growth and development indicators of young cattle, it is necessary to optimize their mineral nutrition. In this regard, it is necessary to study the effect of certain mineral substances (Co, Se, I, Mn, Zn) in early postnatal ontogenesis on the clinical and hematological parameters of the body of calves.

The research was carried out in 2021 on black-and-white cattle on the basis of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of Astrakhan State University. Determination of the levels of trace elements in the ecosystem was carried out in the Astrakhan region. In addition, 6 heads of black-and-white cattle were selected. Samples for the study were taken from animals aged from 1 to 6 months. Determination of hematological parameters of animals was carried out on the IDEXX Laser Cyte analyzer (USA), biochemical parameters – on the IDEXX Catalist analyzer (USA).

The conducted studies have shown a low level of some trace elements in the ecosystem of the Astrakhan region. The greatest amount in soil and plants contains manganese and zinc, the least – selenium. However, the lack of certain minerals in early postnatal ontogenesis does not affect the hematological parameters of the calves' body. All the studied parameters were within the limits of physiological norms, which may be associated with the long-term pathogenesis of microelementoses in animals.
Regularities of the histological structure of the interventricular septum of the heart of a goat of the anglonubian breed
Authors: Khvatov V. A. , Shchipakin M. V. , Zelenevsky N. V. , Bylinskaya D. S.
Published: January 2022

The study of the features of the morphology of the heart and its structures in farm animals in species and breed aspects is an urgent direction in fundamental research. Anglo-Nubian goats are a versatile goat breed, and currently their breeding is gaining popularity in the North-West region of the Russian Federation. Due to the capriciousness of this breed of goats to cold temperatures, they can often suffer from diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The purpose of our study is to establish the histological features of the structure of the interventricular septum of the heart of an Anglo-Nubian goat.

Eleven corpses of Anglo-Nubian goats obtained during slaughter in the farm of the Moscow region of the Russian Federation "Gzhelpodvorie" were presented as the material under study. The age of the corpses of Anglo-Nubian goats was 12-13 months. As research methods were used: fine anatomical preparation and manufacture of histological preparations.

We found that the composition of the interventricular septum of the heart of an Anglo-Nubian goat contains contractile cardiomyocytes, strands of loose unformed connective tissue, muscle and mixed blood vessels, nerve trunks, a few Purkinje fibers, as well as the endocardium. Also established morphometric data of histostructures of the interventricular septum in a goat of the Anglo-Nubian breed.
Morphology of the articular cartilage of the femoral head broiler chickens cross Ross-308 in the age aspect and against the background of the use of dietary supplements
Authors: Minchenko V. N. , Donskikh P. P.
Published: January 2022

In modern broiler poultry farming, the problem of different rates of formation of muscle and connective tissue has become increasingly common. To a greater extent, this problem is affected by highly productive crosses of broiler chickens (Ross-308, Cobb500), whose selection is aimed at accelerated recruitment of live weight, without taking into account the development of the backbone and joints. According to Russian and foreign authors, during the period of broiler cultivation, the rate of poultry culling is on average 10%. Of these, more than half are pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, both non-infectious (injuries, unbalanced diet in terms of macro-and microelement composition) and infectious (reovirus tenosynovitis) etiology.

Our study presents the results of an experiment to study the effect of silicon dioxide and dihydroquercetin on the zonal structure of the articular cartilage of the femoral head of broiler chickens in the age aspect. The object of the study was broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross. 160 head of chickens on the whole were examined. During the experiment, four groups of chickens with 40 chicks each were formed according to the principle of analogues. The first group was a control one and received the main diet until the age of 38 days, the chickens of the second, third and fourth groups were fed with feed additives "Covelos-Sorb" in the amount of 0.1 g, 0.14 g and 0.18 g/ 1 kg of live weight per day respectively and "Ecostimul2" in the amount of 1 mg/1 kg of live weight per day. As a result of the study, it was found that the change in the thickness of the structural zones of the articular cartilage of the broiler chicken femoral head is periodic and asynchronous, depending on the age, individual characteristics and dosage of biologically active supplements. There was also an increase in the proportion of isogenic groups in the intermediate zone of the articular cartilage of the femoral head in experimental chickens, which may indicate an increase in the activity of chondrogenesis.
Probiotic supplement in pregnant sows in the conditions of industrial pig breeding
Authors: Stekolnikov A. A. , Karpenko L. Yu. , Shinkarevich N. A. , Bakhta A. A. , Kozitsyna A. I.
Published: January 2022

The industrial form of pig rearing and breeding implies a significant degree of intensification of all technological processes to obtain the greatest benefit with the lowest economic costs. All this is aimed at solving issues of food supply, import substitution in compliance with the rules of veterinary and sanitary safety. However, during the transition of pig breeding to intensive industrial technology, there is an incomplete compliance of the physiological needs of animals with technological requirements, as a result of which a potential decrease in productivity, resistance, and the development of internal diseases is possible. The main organ involved in all metabolic processes of metabolism is the liver. The purpose of the presented study was to evaluate the effect of the feed biologically active additive "Vetlaktoflor" on the biochemical parameters of the blood in pregnant sows. To study the effect of the "Vetlaktoflor", 4 groups of sows were formed. One control group without the use of the agent and 3 experimental groups where the agent was used according to the following scheme: experimental group -2 - animals were given the active additive "Vetlaktoflor" 2 weeks before farrowing, experimental group-3 - animals were given the active additive "Vetlaktoflor" 2 months before farrowing, experimental group-4 - animals received the biologically active additive "Vetlaktoflor" twice during pregnancy: 2 months and 2 weeks before farrowing.

As a result of the use of a biologically active additive, the stabilization of the activity of serum enzymes AlAT and AsAT was noted. In the experimental groups, the activity level of these enzymes was lower by 43.93-67.32% and 30.91-52.56%, respectively. Thus, the probiotic "Vetlaktoflor" is effective when used during pregnancy, reducing the degree of endogenous load on the body of pregnant sows, as well as keeping the level of these enzymes within the reference values, which indicates the stabilization of the state of hepatocellular metabolism.
Dynamics of hematological parameters during castration of boars on the background of immunocorrection
Authors: Reshetnyak V. V. , Stekolnikov A. A. , Burdeyniy V. V. , Malakhova L. V.
Published: January 2022

Pig breeding is one of the leading farm industries for the production of meat products. Castration is one of the techniques that help to increase the productivity of animals and regulate the quality of meat (eliminating the “smell of boar meat”). Its disadvantage is the presence of post-castration complications. An effective method of reducing their number is the use of drugs that have an immunotropic effect.

Therefore, we conducted an experiment to find out the effect of one of this drug group representatives (timogen) on the dynamics of hematological parameters during castration of boars.

The data of hematological studies (during the experiment) signified a violation of homeostasis, manifested in the first fourteen days after castration by the development of anemia (a decrease in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin) and thrombocytopenia, which (like erythropenia) was recorded against the background of anisocytosis. At the same time, the results, reflecting the picture of white blood, indicated an inflammatory process accompanied by leukocytosis, due to both the absolute and the relative number of lymphocytes, as well as the absolute number of medium-sized cells (MID). On the 30th day of observation, an increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin relative to the 14th day was noted against the background of a decrease in platelets and leukopenia.

Thus, immunocorrection with a five-day course of timogen made it possible to neutralize the negative effect of surgical intervention on hematopoiesis, which allowed us to avoid sharp fluctuations in the morphological composition of red and white blood.
Mycoplasma synovia is an infection among broilers at an industrial-type poultry farm
Authors: Novikova A. F. , Terskaya L. P.
Published: January 2022

A method for diagnosing infectious synovitis among young broilers aged 11-12 weeks, obtained from an industrial-type poultry farm, was investigated in laboratory conditions. The experiments were carried out on the basis of the Microbiology Department of the All-Russian Research Veterinary Institute of Poultry Farming - a branch of the VNITIP Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. To perform mycoplasmatological studies, the limbs of birds with pronounced joint damage were selected and a nutrient medium was prepared by adding 20% horse blood serum, 10% yeast extract and 0.5% glucose to Edward's broth. Phenol-mouth at a concentration of 0.0001% was used as an indicator of the medium. As a result of a series of 7 "blind" passages, the appearance of opalescence and precipitation was noted, small transparent colonies were observed on a dense nutrient medium. Thus, the preliminary diagnosis of infectious synovitis (infektious synovitis) of broilers, obtained on the basis of epizootological data, clinical signs and pathoanatomic changes, was fully confirmed by a positive result of mycoplasmatological studies. According to the results, tilan was proposed for the treatment of sick poultry in doses recommended by the manufacturer, and for the prevention of the disease – strict compliance with the norms of bird planting density and indoor microclimate.
Action of "DEZON NUK-5" preparation on microflora of bird carcass surfaces
Authors: Smirnova L. I. , Pankratov S. V. , Makavchik S. A. , Sukhinin A. A. , Kuzmin V. A.
Published: January 2022

There is a serious problem in the production of poultry meat - the potential probability of its exogenous seeding by pathogenic microorganisms - causative agents of food infections, toxicoinfections and toxicosis. These are Escherichia, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Campylobacter and other bacteria. Disinfection in cooling baths should ensure the destruction of such microorganisms on the surface of carcasses and prevent the threat of contamination of consumers of poultry products. Purpose of the work: to determine the effectiveness of the use of the disinfectant "DEZON NUK 15" in cooling baths for surface treatment of chicken and turkey carcasses after slaughter and evisceration. To study the bactericidal action of the prepared solutions, we used models - poultry products of broilers and turkeys (chilled wings) with good organoleptic characteristics. The models were contaminated with cultures of sanitary indicative and pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Campylobacter jejuni, Bacillus subtilis. Contaminated models were kept in working solutions of a disinfectant with a concentration of 0.025%, 0.050%, and 0.100% according to NUK. After an exposure of 10, 25 and 40 minutes, inoculations were made on nutrient media from the surface of the models and incubated under optimal conditions. Found that the drug "DEZON NUK-15" has bactericidal activity against the tested working cultures of bacteria. After contamination with the tested cultures of bacteria, the surface of poultry products of chickens and turkeys is disinfected with a solution of the drug "DEZON NUK-15" with a concentration of 0.050% and 0.100% for 25-40 minutes. No changes or deterioration in the organoleptic characteristics of poultry products was observed. The bactericidal effect of the drug is practically the same in relation to poultry products of chickens and turkeys.
Clinical and morphological substantiation of the comparative effectiveness of the use of antibacterial drugs based on cefapirin in subclinical endometritis in cows
Authors: Slesarenko N. A. , Shirokova E. O. , Belyakova A. P.
Published: January 2022

The article presents information on the prevalence of subclinical endometritis in cows, which were carried out on the basis of ZAO breeding farm "Povadino", as well as morphological changes in the mucous membrane of the uterus in this pathology. On the basis of the diagnosis, the animals were treated using various schemes with antibacterial drugs based on cefapirin. The studies were carried out on the basis of the Department of Anatomy and Histology of Animals named after Professor A.F. Klimov FGBOU VO MGAVMiB - MBA named after K.I. Scriabin, as well as at ZAO Povadino breeding plant, cytomorphological studies were carried out on the basis of the Chance Bio laboratory in the period from 2019-2021. According to the principle of analogs, 3 groups of animals with the manifestation of subclinical endometritis (15 animals in each) were formed. The animals of the first (experimental) group were injected with the drug "Mitrek"; the animals of the second (comparative) group - the drug "Metrikur", the animals of the third (control) group were injected with the drug "Tylosinocar" intrauterinely, according to the instructions. A comprehensive methodological approach was used, including clinical examination of animals, fine anatomical preparation, cytomorphological examination of cervical mucus, statistical analysis of the obtained digital data, light microscopy of histological sections stained by the classical technique with hematoxylin and eosin. To determine the extent and etiology of postpartum endometritis in black-and-white Holsteinized cows, obstetric-gynecological clinical examination was carried out, which was carried out according to the generally accepted method. In addition to general clinical methods for diagnosing this pathology, cytomorphological studies of 120 smears of cervical mucus were carried out to objectify the diagnosis. Based on the results of a comprehensive study aimed at identifying subclinical endometritis, it was found that this pathology is observed in 53.55% of the studied animals, macro- and morphological changes in the uterus with subclinical endometritis were revealed. endometrium, due to the influence of pathogenic microflora: Staphilococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus viridans group. And also, based on the results of the studies performed, a comparative assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of drugs based on cefapirin was carried out.
The problem of reproduction of purebred livestock to preserve the unique properties of native breeds of cattle in Russia
Authors: Olontsev V. A. , Ukolov P. I. , Sharaskina O. G.
Published: January 2022

Modern Russian cattle breeding reflects the continuing trend of reducing the number of domestic unique aboriginal dairy breeds, and the remaining individual populations largely have the presence or absorption effect of the Holstein breed. The purpose of our research was to monitor the farms of the Arkhangelsk region for the preservation of the unique properties of the Kholmogorsky breed, where its genetic potential and the number of purebred livestock were historically concentrated. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: determination of the specific weight of the Kholmogorsky livestock in farms for various purposes (breeding plants, breeding farms, breeding producers); analysis of reproduction indicators of cows of the bull-producing group, the proportion of their bloodline and linear affiliation in crossing schemes. The main array of cattle surveyed by the farms of the region is represented by highly holstinized livestock (blood count above 75%), which reduces the period of economic use and productive longevity. A comparative analysis of the latter (productive longevity) showed that purebred Kholmogors were statistically not inferior to Holsteins.
Microplastic waste in the littoral zone of Nevskaya Guba
Authors: Kaurova Z. G. , Petrova M. S. , Taymusova E. N.
Published: January 2022

One of the most pressing problems generated by the rapid development of technologies is the accumulation of various forms of plastic waste in the environment. The main criterion for observation was the systematic pollution of the coast with plastic waste. Considering the anthropogenic origin of materials that give rise to microplastics in water, optimal for humans and aquatic organisms, according to these recommendations, is its complete absence in the water of open water bodies, both marine and freshwater. The state monitoring program includes only stations in the deep part of the Neva Bay. Until now, the methods for the selection and determination of microplastics in water have not been standardized, and there are no uniform evaluation criteria. Summarizing the data for 2-3 years, it is difficult to talk about any patterns and trends in the distribution of microplastic particles.
Veterinary and sanitary examination of flower honey
Authors: Lashkova V. A. , Virich V. D. , Zvereva N. A. , Chelakhova S. A.
Published: January 2022

Honey is a product of processing by honey bees of nectar or paddy of vegetable or animal origin, which is a sweet aromatic substance or a crystallized mass containing a significant amount of carbohydrates, mineral and biologically active substances The article presents the results of veterinary and sanitary examination and evaluation of five samples of flower honey.The purpose of the study: to determine the quality of honey obtained from apiaries of the Leningrad region in accordance with the "Rules of veterinary and sanitary examination of honey for sale in the markets."The materials for the study were honey samples in the amount of 100 g with a collection date of 2020. For the study, the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of honey samples were determined. Organoleptic evaluation was carried out according to the following indicators: color, aroma, taste, consistency, crystallization, determination of signs of fermentation. Physico-chemical parameters: mass fraction of water, presence of oxymethylfurfural, diastase (amylase) activity, determination of total acidity.As a result of organoleptic and physico-chemical studies, it turned out that in sample No. 1 there was an artificial inversion of honey and deviations were found, indicating that honey is not natural.
Assessment of water quality conformity when growing somas in RAS
Authors: Mishina A. R. , Safronov D. I. , Sladkova N. A.
Published: January 2022

Against the background of a decrease in the consumption of fish products by the population, as well as a decrease in non -food products (fish meal, raw materials for animal husbandry, etc.), one of the primary tasks of agriculture is the development of small and large fish farming enterprises. In this regard, many farms are modifying cultivation technologies, moving to intensification of production and breeding of previously unused fish species. The hydrochemical study of the water was carried out on the basis of a fish farm specializing in the breeding of African clary catfish. As a result of the research, an excess of the concentration of ammonium and nitrate ions, an increase in the total hardness of water was revealed.