bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Site‐specific N‐glycan profiles of α5β1 integrin from rat liver
Authors: Mirgorodskaya Ekaterina , Dransart Estelle , Shafaq‐Zadah Massiullah , Roderer Daniel , Sihlbom Carina , Leffler Hakon , Johannes Ludger
Published: March 2022

Background Information

Like most other cell surface proteins, α5β1 integrin is glycosylated, which is required for its various activities in ways that mostly remain to be determined.

Results

Here, we have established the first comprehensive site‐specific glycan map of α5β1 integrin that was purified from a natural source, that is, rat liver. This analysis revealed striking site selective variations in glycan composition. Complex bi, tri, or tetraantennary N‐glycans were predominant at various proportions at most potential N‐glycosylation sites. A few of these sites were nonglycosylated or contained high mannose or hybrid glycans, indicating that early N‐glycan processing was hindered. Almost all complex N‐glycans had fully galactosylated and sialylated antennae. Moderate levels of core fucosylation and high levels of O‐acetylation of NeuAc residues were observed at certain sites. An O‐linked HexNAc was found in an EGF‐like domain of β1 integrin. The extensive glycan information that results from our study was projected onto a map of α5β1 integrin that was obtained by homology modeling. We have used this model for the discussion of how glycosylation might be used in the functional cycle of α5β1 integrin. A striking example concerns the involvement of glycan‐binding galectins in the regulation of the molecular homeostasis of glycoproteins at the cell surface through the formation of lattices or endocytic pits according to the glycolipid‐lectin (GL‐Lect) hypothesis.

Conclusion

We expect that the glycoproteomics data of the current study will serve as a resource for the exploration of structural mechanisms by which glycans control α5β1 integrin activity and endocytic trafficking.

Significance

Glycosylation of α5β1 integrin has been implicated in multiple aspects of integrin function and structure. Yet, detailed knowledge of its glycosylation, notably the specific sites of glycosylation, is lacking. Furthermore, the α5β1 integrin preparation that was analyzed here is from a natural source, which is of importance as there is not a lot of literature in the field about the glycosylation of “native” glycoproteins.
The impact of subdivisions of microscopically positive (R1) margins on patterns of relapse in stage III colorectal cancer – A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Smith Henry G. , Skovgaards Daniel M. , Chiranth Deepthi , Schlesinger Nis H.
Published: March 2022

Aim

Microscopically positive (R1) margins are associated with poorer outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer. However, the impact of subdivisions of R1 margins, be they to the primary tumour (R1 tumour) or to lymph node metastases (R1LNM), on patterns of relapse is unknown.

Methods

Patients treated for stage III colorectal cancer from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2019 in four specialist centres were identified from the Danish national cancer registry. Patients were stratified into three groups according to margin status (R0 vs. R1 tumour vs. R1LNM). The primary outcomes were local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), distant metastases‐free survival (DMFS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS).

Results

A total of 1,164 patients were included, with R1 margins found in 237 (20.4%). Irrespective of tumour location, R1 tumour and R1LNM margins were independent prognostic factors for systemic relapse (R1 tumour HR 1.84, CI: 1.17–2.88, p = 0.008; R1LNM HR 1.59, CI: 1.12–2.27, p = 0.009) and disease‐related death (R1 tumour HR 2.08, CI: 1.12–3.85, p = 0.020; R1LNM HR 1.84, CI: 1.12–3.02, p = 0.016). Whereas R1 tumour margins were associated with poorer 3‐year LRFS in both colon and rectum cancer, R1LNM margins only reduced LRFS in patients with rectal cancer. Patterns of relapse differed between R1 subdivisions, with R1 tumour margins more likely to affect multiple anatomical sites, with a predilection for extra‐hepatic/pulmonary metastases.

Conclusion

Subdivisions of R1 margins have a distinct impact on the oncological outcomes and patterns of disease relapse in patients with stage III colorectal cancer.
Significant improvements, but consistent disparities in survival for African Americans after liver transplantation
Authors: Keeling Stephanie S. , McDonald Malcolm F. , Anand Adrish , Handing Greta E. , Prather Lyndsey L. , Christmann Caroline R. , Jalal Prasun K. , Kanwal Fasiha , Cholankeril George , Goss John A. , Rana Abbas
Published: March 2022

Despite improvements in survival across races in the past 20 years, African Americans have worse liver transplant outcomes after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). This study aims at quantifying the change in disparities between African Americans and other races in survival after OLT. We retrospectively analyzed the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database for patient data for candidates who received a liver transplant between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2017. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression indicated similar decreases in mortality over time for each race with a decrease in mortality for African Americans: 2010–2012 (HR = .930), 2012–2015 (HR = .882), and 2015–2017 (HR = .883) when compared to 2007–2010. Risk of mortality for African Americans compared to Caucasians varied across the 4 eras: 2007–2010 (HR = 1.083), 2010–2012 (HR = 1.090), 2012–2015 (HR = 1.070), and 2015–2017 (HR = 1.125). While African Americans have seen increases in survival in the past decade, a similar increase in survival for other races leaves a significant survival disparity in African Americans.
Perioperative fluid management and outcomes in adult deceased donor liver transplantation – A systematic review of the literature and expert panel recommendations
Authors: Morkane Clare M. , Sapisochin Gonzalo , Mukhtar Ahmed M. , Reyntjens Koen M. E. M. , Wagener Gebhard , Spiro Michael , Raptis Dimitri A. , Klinck John R. ,   the ERAS4OLT.org Working Group
Published: March 2022

Background

Fluid management practices during and after liver transplantation vary widely among centers despite better understanding of the pathophysiology of end‐stage liver disease and of the effects of commonly used fluids. This reflects a lack of high quality trials in this setting, but also provides a rationale for both systematic review of all relevant studies in liver recipients and evaluation of new evidence from closely related domains, including hepatology, non‐transplant abdominal surgery, and critical care.

Objectives

To develop evidence‐based recommendations for perioperative fluid management to optimize immediate and short‐term outcomes following liver transplantation.

Data sources

Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central.

Methods

Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and recommendations using the GRADE approach derived from an international expert panel. Studies included those evaluating the following postoperative outcomes: acute kidney injury, respiratory complications, operative blood loss/red cell units required, and intensive care length of stay.

PROSPERO protocol ID: CRD42021241392

Results

Following expert panel review, 18 of 1624 screened studies met eligibility criteria for inclusion in the final quantitative synthesis. These included six single center RCTs, 11 single center observational studies, and one observational study comparing centers with different fluid management techniques. Definitions of interventions and outcomes varied between studies. Recommendations are therefore based substantially on expert opinion and evidence from other clinical settings.

Conclusions

A moderately restrictive or “replacement only” fluid regime is recommended, especially during the dissection phase of the transplant procedure. Sustained hypervolemia, based on absence of fluid responsiveness, elevated filling pressures and/or echocardiographic findings, should be avoided (Quality of Evidence: Moderate | Grade of Recommendation: Weak for restrictive fluid regime. Strong for avoidance of hypervolemia). Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) should be maintained at >60–65 mmHg in all cases (Quality of Evidence: Low | Grade of Recommendation: Strong). There is insufficient evidence in this population to support preferential use of any specific colloid or crystalloid for routine volume replacement. However, we recommend against the use of 130/.4 HES given the high incidence of AKI in this population.
Molekulardiagnostik in der Dermatologie: Eine Online‐Umfrage zur Untersuchung von Nutzung, Hürden und Anforderungen in Deutschland
Authors: Tizek Linda , Schuster Barbara , Gebhardt Christoffer , Reich Kristian , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Biedermann Tilo , Eyerich Kilian , Zink Alexander , Garzorz‐Stark Natalie
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund und Ziele

Molekulardiagnostik (MDx) gewinnt in der Dermatologie zunehmend an Bedeutung und ihre Anwendung ist eine Voraussetzung für personalisierte Medizin. Das Ziel dieser Querschnittstudie war es, zu untersuchen, wie oft MDx in dermatologischen Praxen in den drei Bereichen Onkologie, entzündliche Hauterkrankungen und Infektiologie angewendet wird und welche Hürden für niedergelassene Dermatologen bezüglich MDx bestehen.

Methoden

Die ärztlichen Mitglieder des Berufsverbandes der Deutschen Dermatologen e. V. (BVDD) wurden mit Hilfe eines Online‐Fragebogens zur MDx befragt.

Ergebnisse

Es gaben 39,6 % der 192 Teilnehmer an, MDx anzuwenden. Von diesen setzte der Großteil MDx ein, um Infektionskrankheiten zu diagnostizieren (86,5 % und 44,3 % der Anwender verwendeten MDx zum Nachweis von Pilzerkrankungen bzw. sexuell übertragbaren Erkrankungen). Nur ein kleiner Anteil nutzte MDx für onkologische oder entzündliche Fragestellungen. Die größten Hürden für die Nichtanwender im Vergleich zu den Anwendern waren Schwierigkeiten bei der Implementierung von MDx, fehlende Expertise sowie zeitliche, personelle und technische Umsetzbarkeit. Die Erstattungsfähigkeit war ein großes Problem für beide Gruppen.

Schlussfolgerungen

Obwohl es Therapiemöglichkeiten gibt, die Präzisionsmedizin erfordern, ist MDx bei niedergelassenen Dermatologen noch nicht sehr verbreitet. Um MDx voranzutreiben, sind Bemühungen zur kontinuierlichen Fortbildung bezüglich MDx, die Verfügbarkeit von zuverlässigen und validen Tests sowie die Erstattungsfähigkeit erforderlich.
Orales Vitamin D versus Acitretin bei kongenitaler nicht syndromaler Ichthyose: randomisierte, kontrollierte Doppelblindstudie
Authors: Bakshi Shirin , Mahajan Rahul , Karim Adil , De Dipankar , Handa Sanjeev , Saikia Biman
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund

Vitamin D hat sich als vielversprechende Behandlung für die kongenitale Ichthyose herausgestellt. Bisher liegen keine Vergleichsstudien vor.

Methodik

In dieser randomisierten Doppelblindstudie erhielten Patienten mit kongenitaler Ichthyose für 24 Wochen entweder Vitamin D 2000 IU/Tag (Gruppe A) oder Acitretin 0,5 mg/kg/Tag (Gruppe B). Primärer Endpunkt war die Verbesserung des Visual Index for Ichthyosis Severity (VIIS) und des Ichthyosis Area Severity Index (IASI). Sekundäre Endpunkte waren der Ichthyosis Quality of Life Index‐32 (IQoL‐32), die mRNA‐Expression von RORγt und IL‐17 sowie unerwünschte Ereignisse.

Ergebnisse

24 Patienten beendeten die Studie. Gruppe A (n = 11) zeigte eine signifikante Verringerung bei VIIS (p = 0,023) und IASI (p = 0,026) nach 12, aber nicht nach 24 Wochen. Gruppe B (n = 13) zeigte nur nach 24 Wochen eine signifikante Verringerung beim IASI (p = 0,016). Bei beiden Gruppen verbesserte sich der IQoL‐32 über 24 Wochen. Eine signifikante Verringerung der mRNA‐Expression von RORγt (p = 0,048) und IL‐17 (p = 0,023) wurde ausschließlich bei Gruppe A festgestellt. Hinsichtlich VIIS, IASI und IQol‐32 ergab sich nach 12 und 24 Wochen kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beiden Behandlungsarmen. Es wurden keine schwerwiegenden unerwünschten Ereignisse beobachtet.

Schlussfolgerungen

Vitamin D könnte eine Alternative zu Acitretin bei der Behandlung einer kongenitalen Ichthyose sein, bei der es die Expression von RORγt und IL‐17 reduziert.
Online‐HIV/STI‐Risikotest (ORT): Eine prospektive Querschnittsstudie unter sexuell aktiven Personen in Deutschland
Authors: Skaletz‐Rorowski Adriane , Potthoff Anja , Nambiar Sandeep , Basilowski Miriam , Wach Janet , Kayser Arne , Kasper Andre , Brockmeyer Norbert H.
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund

Ziel war es, einen anonymen, selbst durchzuführenden, webbasierten Test zur Bestimmung des persönlichen Risikos für HIV/STI zu entwickeln und zu evaluieren.

Methoden

Der Online‐HIV/STI‐Risikotest wird seit 12/2017 angeboten. 11 529 Teilnehmer absolvierten den Test vollständig und 10 668 wurden ausgewertet. Der Test beinhaltete Multiple‐Choice‐Fragen zur Soziodemografie, Sexualität, sexuellem Risikoverhalten und HIV/STI‐Tests. Die Daten der Teilnehmer wurden nach Geschlecht und Sexualität stratifiziert und ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

84,5 % der Teilnehmer waren zwischen 18 und 39 Jahre alt, 7,5 % < 18 und 8,1 % > 40. Unter den Teilnehmern waren 53,1 % Männer, 46,3 % Frauen und 0,6 % Trans. 12,5 % waren Männer, die Sex mit Männern haben (MSM). 59,1 % und 66 % der Teilnehmer waren gegen Hepatitis A beziehungsweise B geimpft, aber 75,1 % ungeimpft gegen HPV. Die Häufigkeit von früheren und wiederholten Fällen von STI (inklusive HIV) war unter MSM höher. Dennoch waren 61,4 % der Frauen, 70 % der Männer und 55,4 % der MSM noch nie auf eine STI getestet worden. Obwohl die Prävalenz von > 3 Sexualpartner in den letzten zwölf Monaten unter MSM am höchsten war, gaben Frauen häufiger kondomlosen Sex an. 34,5 % der Männer, 25,6 % der Frauen und 75 % der MSM hatten Analverkehr.

Schlussfolgerungen

Der Online‐HIV/STI‐Risikotest ist ein nützliches Instrument zur Erfassung von Daten zum STI‐Risikoverhalten für eine strategisch ausgerichtete STI‐Prävention, Testung und Impfung und damit zur Verbesserung der sexuellen Gesundheit.
S1‐Leitlinie: Diagnostik und Therapie der Vitiligo
Authors: Böhm Markus , Schunter Jo Ana , Fritz Klaus , Salavastru Carmen , Dargatz Sonja , Augustin Matthias , Tanew Adrian
Published: March 2022

Vitiligo ist eine häufige Hauterkrankung, die durch immunvermittelte Zerstörung der Melanozyten zustande kommt. Die nichtsegmentale Vitiligo, der häufigste klinische Subtyp, ist üblicherweise chronisch und oft mit erheblichen psychosozialen Folgen verbunden. Vitiligo erfordert eine frühzeitige Diagnose, Erkennung von Komorbidität, präzise Erfassung der Ausdehnung und Krankheitsaktivität, Einschätzung der Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität sowie umgehende Therapieeinleitung basierend auf den aktuell verfügbaren evidenzbasieren Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Diese S1‐Leitlinie hilft deutschen Dermatologen bei der Diagnose und Therapie der Vitiligo.
The Porphyrias
Authors: Muschalek Wiebke , Hermasch Matthias A. , Poblete‐ Gutiérrez Pamela , Frank Jorge
Published: March 2022

The porphyrias are clinically variable and genetically heterogeneous, predominantly hereditary metabolic diseases, which are caused by a dysfunction of specific enzymes in heme biosynthesis. Here, we provide an overview of the etiopathogenesis, clinic, differential diagnosis, laboratory diagnostics and therapy of these complex metabolic disorders and cover in detail the most common form of porphyria worldwide (porphyria cutanea tarda), the most frequent childhood porphyria (erythropoietic protoporphyria), and the most common neurocutaneous porphyria (variegate porphyria).
Die Porphyrien
Authors: Muschalek Wiebke , Hermasch Matthias A. , Poblete‐ Gutiérrez Pamela , Frank Jorge
Published: March 2022

Die Porphyrien sind klinisch variable und genetisch heterogene, vorwiegend hereditäre metabolische Krankheiten, die durch eine Dysfunktion spezifischer Enzyme der Hämbiosynthese verursacht werden. Wir geben einen Überblick zur Ätiopathogenese, Klinik, Differenzialdiagnose, Labordiagnostik und Therapie dieser komplexen Stoffwechselkrankheiten und stellen die weltweit häufigste Porphyrieform (Porphyria cutanea tarda), die häufigste Porphyrie des Kindesalters (erythropoetische Protoporphyrie) und die häufigste neurokutane Porphyrie (Porphyria variegata) detailliert vor.
Spinal muscular atrophy and the world’s most expensive medicines: The price of life
Authors: Green Arthur G.
Published: March 2022

This commentary is on the original article by Carey et al. on pages 753–761 of this issue.
Quality of life in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Gómez Laura E.
Published: March 2022

This commentary is on the original article by Jacoby et al. on pages 1145–1155 of this issue.
Impact of the compulsory military service reform of 2007–2008 on the demand for higher education
Authors: Kotyrlo Elena , Varshavskaya Elena
Published: March 2022

This study evaluates the effect of a compulsory military service reform conducted in 2007–2008 on the demand for higher education in Russia. The reform shortened the conscription term (from two years to one year), abolished several deferments, and significantly reduced the number of military departments in Russian universities, which provided an opportunity to avoid being conscripted as a private. The difference between the Russian reform and the armed forces reforms carried out in several European countries in the 1990s–2000s lies in the fact that compulsory military service was not abolished completely. Based on data compiled from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, we find that the men affected by the reform are, in general, approximately 12% less likely to graduate from higher education. The effect is more pronounced for men from cities and more advantaged family backgrounds. Army veterans exhibit steadily lower demand for higher education irrespective the reform.
Lack of lipid accumulation in two species of chalcidoid wasps with secondarily evolved phytophagy
Authors: Lammers Mark , Kraaijeveld Ken , Ellers Jacintha
Published: March 2022

Stable co‐evolutionary relationships between species may result in the loss of autonomous synthesis of essential nutrients when these can be obtained from the ecological partner. Parasitoid insects obtain most of their nutrients from their host, and many lineages do not increase their adult lipid reserves even when feeding on a surplus of sugars. Several clades within the parasitoid Hymenoptera have lost the parasitoid lifestyle and switched to either a predatory or a phytophagous lifestyle. Here, we test whether adult lipid accumulation is reactivated in two species that independently evolved a phytophagous lifestyle from parasitoid ancestors. The larvae of Megastigmus aculeatus (Swederus) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae) and Bruchophagus platypterus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) obligatorily feed on seeds of specific plants. Seeds of wild host plants were collected and the emerging wasps were tested for the lipid accumulation phenotype using whole‐body diethyl ether extraction. Both species had significantly reduced lipid content after 1 week ad libitum access to sugars compared to the lipid content at emergence, indicating a lack or negligible level of lipogenesis. Therefore, the secondary switch to phytophagy was not associated with recovery of lipid accumulation in these species. We discuss these results in relation to the lipid content of the host seeds and the reversibility of the lipid accumulation phenotype. We infer that the close relationship among seed‐feeding insects and their hosts allows the seed‐feeders to rely on a diet with predictable lipid quantities which relaxes the need for autonomous lipid synthesis.
Effects of Caliciopsis pinea inoculation with and without wounding on Pinus strobus
Authors: Cram Michelle M. , Fraedrich Stephen W.
Published: March 2022

The canker pathogen, Caliciopsis pinea, and a bast scale, Matsucoccus macrocicatrices, have been found strongly associated with dieback and mortality of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) in the Appalachian Mountains of the United States. The scale is thought to be a wounding agent that creates infection courts for fungal pathogens like C. pinea. Inoculation tests on 3‐year‐old containerized eastern white pine seedlings were conducted with and without wounding. Puncture wound treatments designed to mimic insect wounds were applied to stems and to branch crotches. An inoculation treatment consisting of a 0.1 ml suspension containing 30,700–32,359 C. pinea ascospores was dripped on each area with puncture wounds or a nonwounded area of stems and branch crotches in two separate tests. In another series of tests, C. pinea mycelial plugs were placed on 4 mm diameter stem wounds and on nonwounded stems. Inoculation of wounds with C. pinea resulted in expanding resinous cankers, and C. pinea was reisolated from 80% to 100% of puncture wounds on stems, 40%–75% of puncture wounds on branch crotches and 100% from the 4 mm wound with mycelial inoculum. No cankers formed in nonwounded stems and branch crotches following inoculation with both types of C. pinea inoculum. The results of this study suggest that ascospores moved by water, as occurs during rains, would be able to infect small puncture wounds on a seedling stem. The tests also found that an individual C. pinea canker was not capable of girdling a seedling within a year following inoculation, suggesting that this pathogen is not particularly lethal and likely requires multiple infection courts provided by the scale to girdle branches and sapling stems.
Multigene characterization of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi'‐related isolates associated with elm yellows disease of Ulmus minor Mill. in Poland
Authors: Cieślińska Mirosława , Krajciczek Klaudia , Pałka Anna
Published: March 2022

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi’, associated with elm yellows, shoot proliferation and dieback of elm (Ulmus) species trees was reported in United States of America and in many European countries. Until now its presence in elm trees in Poland has not been detected. In 2017–2018, during visual inspection of elm trees grown in four areas of southern Silesia Province leaf yellowing, shoot proliferation, phloem necrosis and dieback of branches were observed on European field elm trees grown in nature reserve close to the border with the Czech Republic. Phloem tissue from shoots collected from six symptomatic and twenty asymptomatic trees was used for extraction nucleic acids. Nested PCR with primer pairs amplifying 16Sr RNA sequences of phytoplasmas resulted in specific products for samples from six symptomatic trees however the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and phylogenetic analyses of the sequenced products did not allow to clearly classify newly detected isolates within the elm yellows group (16SrV). The isolates found in Poland clustered on the boundary of the 16SrV‐A and 16SrV‐C ribosomal subgroups. Sequence analyses of less conservative genes rpl22‐ rps3 and secY confirmed the affiliation of the phytoplasma isolates found in Poland to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi’; however, the significant nucleotide changes in signature sequences for all three genes were shown compared with EY1T reference strain. Surprisingly, the newly detected isolates shared a common origin and were phylogenetically closer to EY1‐SRB and EY10‐SRB strains from Serbia as well as NK16 strain from Croatia strains than to the EYCZ1 strain from the Czech Republic. This is the first report on detection and molecular characterization of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi’ in Poland based on sequence analysis of three genetic locus.
Brain activity patterns underlying memory confidence
Authors: Wynn Syanah C. , Nyhus Erika
Published: March 2022

The primary aim of this review is to examine the brain activity patterns that are related to subjectively perceived memory confidence. We focus on the main brain regions involved in episodic memory: the medial temporal lobe (MTL), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and relate activity in their subregions to memory confidence. How this brain activity in both the encoding and retrieval phase is related to (subsequent) memory confidence ratings will be discussed. Specifically, encoding related activity in MTL regions and ventrolateral PFC mainly shows a positive linear increase with subsequent memory confidence, while dorsolateral and ventromedial PFC activity show mixed patterns. In addition, encoding‐related PPC activity seems to only have indirect effects on memory confidence ratings. Activity during retrieval in both the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex increases with memory confidence, especially during high‐confident recognition. Retrieval‐related activity in the PFC and PPC show mixed relationships with memory confidence, likely related to post‐retrieval monitoring and attentional processes, respectively. In this review, these MTL, PFC, and PPC activity patterns are examined in detail and related to their functional roles in memory processes. This insight into brain activity that underlies memory confidence is important for our understanding of brain–behaviour relations and memory‐guided decision making.
Individual contributions to group chorus dynamics influence access to mating opportunities in wood frogs
Authors: Calsbeek Ryan , Zamora‐Camacho Francisco Javier , Symes Laurel B.
Published: March 2022

A limitation in bioacoustic studies has been the inability to differentiate individual sonic contributions from group‐level dynamics. We present a novel application of acoustic camera technology to investigate how individual wood frogs’ calls influence chorus properties, and how variation influences mating opportunities. We recorded mating calls and used playback trials to gauge preference for different chorus types in the laboratory. Males and females preferred chorus playbacks with low variance in dominant frequency. Females preferred choruses with low mean peak frequency. Field studies revealed more egg masses laid in ponds where males chorused with low variance in dominant frequency. We also noted a trend towards more egg masses laid in ponds where males called with low mean frequency. Nearest‐neighbour distances influenced call timing (neighbours called in succession) and distances increased with variance in chorus frequency. Results highlight the potential fitness implications of individual‐level contributions to a bioacoustic signal produced by groups.
Flex‐request: Library to make remote changes in the communication of IoT devices
Authors: Mateusz Ciok Karol , Pascual Espada Jordán , González Crespo Rubén
Published: March 2022

In recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) systems have changed the way we live, work and do businesses in many areas, even those that until recently seemed unlikely. Some areas that can benefit from their application are, among others, healthcare, smart cities, industrial automation, smart agriculture, intelligent transportation systems, smart logistics, and emergency response. This research work proposes a novel alternative that allows the creation of IoT systems capable of making remote changes in devices' communication in a fast and agile manner. Our proposal gives way to some of the most common changes in communication made during the development and maintenance phase in IoT systems, like changing the destination of data transmission, sending the data to multiple destinations, and changing the frequency of sending data. Our solution, which is used in the programs, is loaded on the device. When the device starts, it connects to a configuration server in the background and listens for changes. The changes are sent to the configuration server using specified commands. When a change is detected, the command is processed, and the change in communication is applied without stopping the running program. We designed experiments to evaluate the complexity of the programs developed using our proposal and the actions needed to make a change.
Using the Resist‐Accept‐Direct management framework to respond to climate‐driven transformations in marine ecosystems
Authors: Rogers‐Bennett Laura , Yang Gabrielle , Mann Jordan D.
Published: March 2022

Climate change is impacting natural ecosystems and the services they provide at an unprecedented rate, yet management is not keeping pace with radical ecosystem transformations. Management in marine systems is primarily designed to regulate fishing pressures, which may be of limited use in addressing large‐scale climate impacts. The Resist‐Accept‐Direct (RAD) is a flexible, novel framework that gives managers a way to structure and plan how to respond to radical shifts/transformations in ecosystems. We present marine case studies of broad scale impacts and outline how the responses may fit into the RAD concept. We use the RAD framework to address the collapse of the kelp forest in northern California and examine how potential policy guiding restoration strategies can be organised. We conclude that the response to most marine ecosystem transformations has been to use the resist strategy that includes adaptive management, and we suggest that for the kelp forests in California the resist strategy provides the best option for moving forward. The RAD framework will be useful for marine ecosystem transformations in which systems have reached their tipping points and now require novel restoration tools and thinking as we face climate change stressors and an unpredictable future.
Insect community composition varies between temperate and tropical regions but functional structure remains conserved
Authors: DeGabriel Jane L. , Sutton Timothy L. , Finch Jonathan T. D. , Cook James M.
Published: March 2022

Insect herbivores and their parasitoids make up a large proportion of biodiversity, but studies of their communities rarely involve geographic comparisons. If the community on a host plant varies geographically, insect diversity will be underestimated by ignoring this. In addition, community functional structure may vary geographically due to differential abundance of functional groups.

To address these issues, we compared the composition and structure of the fig wasp community associated with Ficus rubiginosa between temperate (Sydney) and tropical (Townsville) regions of eastern Australia. We sampled figs from four sites per region, twice a year for 2 years, resulting in about 14,000 wasps from 11 genera and 19 sub‐generic taxa. Since two of these taxa each comprise two cryptic species, we refer to taxonomic diversity below, but this is largely at species level.

Taxonomic richness (14) was the same in both regions and nine taxa were shared across regions. However, 10 taxa were found in only one of the two regions, driving a significant difference in the taxonomic composition of the tropical and temperate communities, and increasing overall diversity in the system.

The wasps belong to five functional groups – pollinators, small and large gallers, and small and large parasitoids. In contrast to taxonomic composition and diversity, community functional structure did not differ significantly between regions.

Our results highlight that there can be broad latitudinal conservation of functional community structure across regions, despite considerable regional differences in taxonomic composition.
No‐show after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment in endourology clinic: Can we build a typical patient profile?
Authors: Mekayten Matan , Mekayten Hadass , Rimbrot Daniel , Shmueli Liora , Duvdevani Mordechai
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Patients “no‐show” in outpatient clinics is a worldwide challenge. Healthcare providers and patients suffer from negative impacts that include increased expenditure, clinical management ineffectiveness, and decreased access to care. This study aims to evaluate no‐show rate among extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy patients visiting endourology clinic and to identify the demographic and clinical predictors of no‐show.

Methods

A cross‐sectional and historical cohort study using electronic medical records. We included 790 patients aged >18 years old referred for endourology clinic following shock wave lithotripsy during 2010–2017 at Hadassah Medical Center in Israel. We predicted no‐show rate following shock wave lithotripsy by various patient characteristics by a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results

Overall, 291 (36.8%) patients did not arrive for postoperative clinic. Of these, 91 (11.52%) patients referred to Emergency Department. Patients who were younger in age (odds ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.08–2.04), patients who underwent hospitalization ≥3 days (odds ratio 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.11–2.41) and patients who had undergone a stent‐free shock wave lithotripsy (odds ratio 5.71, 95% confidence interval 2.40–13.57) were significantly associated with higher no‐show rate. Larger stone size was associated with reduction in no‐show rate with every millimeter increase of stone diameter was associated with a reduction of 6.1% probability for no‐show (odds ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.89–0.99).

Conclusions

Predicting patients' characteristics and no‐show patterns is necessary to improve clinical management efficiency, access to care, and costs. We showed that patients who were younger, patients who underwent stent‐free shock wave lithotripsy, patients who had a smaller stone, and patients who underwent a longer hospitalization were more prone to miss their appointment. Paying attention to the characteristics of individual patients may assist in implementing intervening program of patient scheduling.
Testing a model of Thai nurses’ intent to stay in employment
Authors: Theucksuban Boontida , Kunaviktikul Wipada , Wichaikhum Orn‐Anong , Abhicharttibutra Kulwadee
Published: March 2022

Aim

To test the causal model of intent to stay in employment of nurses in regional medical centers.

Background

Effectiveness and quality of nursing care are determined by an adequate number of nursing staff; however, there is an ongoing challenge of nursing shortage. Improving nurses’ intention to remain in employment is an effective way to address the problem of nursing shortage.

Methods

This study employed a cross‐sectional design. The sample was 1224 registered nurses from nine regional medical centers across Thailand, selected using multistage random sampling. Data were collected between January and July 2019 and analyzed with structural equation modeling.

Results and discussion

The final model could explain 40.3% of the variance in intent to stay. Transformational leadership, coworker support, professional autonomy, opportunities for promotion, marital status, and job satisfaction positively affected intent to stay, while burnout negatively affected intent to stay. This indicates that seven factors that should be considered by nurse managers in developing a framework for constructing interventions to increase nurses’ intention to continue working in their organization.

Implication for nursing and nursing policy

Nurse managers should strengthen the intent to stay of nurses by providing consultations, building a positive work atmosphere, and encouraging nurse leaders to apply transformational leadership behaviors to the organizational administration. Policymakers should consider enacting policies and regulations for nurses’ benefits, such as allocating civil servant positions to temporary nursing staff, expanding the framework of career advancement to a senior professional position, and considering salary and overtime pay, to increase nurses’ intent to stay in an organization.
Modulation of lymphocyte subpopulations in the small intestine of mice treated with probiotic bacterial strains and infected with Trichinella spiralis
Authors: Dvorožňáková Emília , Vargová Miroslava , Hurníková Zuzana , Lauková Andrea , Revajová Viera
Published: March 2022

Aims

To study the local intestinal lymphocyte immunity in mice with trichinellosis affected by probiotic bacteria.

Methods and Results

Enterococcus faecium CCM8558, Enterococcus durans ED26E/7, Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCM7421 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 17 L/1 were administered daily (109 CFU ml−1) and mice were infected with Trichinella spiralis (400 larvae) on the 7th day of treatment. T. spiralis infection significantly inhibited lymphocyte subpopulations from 5 to 25 days postinfection (dpi). L. fermentum CCM7421 and L. plantarum 17 L/1 restored the CD4+ T cell numbers in the epithelium and lamina propria at the control level from 11 dpi. All strains stimulated the CD8+ T cells numbers in infected mice, which were restored in the lamina propria on 11 dpi and in the epithelium only on 32 dpi. B cells (CD19+) inhibition after T. spiralis infection was not affected by treatment till 25 dpi.

Conclusions

The strain-specific immunomodulatory effect of tested bacteria was confirmed. L. fermentum CCM7421 and L. plantarum 17 L/1 showed the greatest immunomodulatory potential on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in trichinellosis. E. faecium CCM8558 and E. durans ED26E/7 activated only CD8+ T cells in the lamina propria.

Significance and Impact of the Study

Positive modulation of the gut lymphocyte immunity in T. spiralis infection with bacterial strains showed their beneficial effect with the host′s antiparasitic defence.
Application of Ensite™ LiveView function for identification of scar‐related ventricular tachycardia isthmus
Authors: Kao Pei‐Heng , Chung Fa‐Po , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lo Li‐Wei , Hu Yu‐Feng , Tuan Ta‐Chuan , Chao Tze‐Fan , Liao Jo‐Nan , Lin Chin‐Yu , Chang Ting‐Yung , Kuo Ling , Wu Cheng‐I , Liu Chih‐Min , Liu Shin‐Huei , Cheng Wen‐Han , Lin Linda , Ton An Khanh‐Nu , Hsu Chu‐Yu , Chhay Chheng , Chen Shih‐Ann
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Dynamic display of real‐time wavefront activation pattern may facilitate the recognition of reentrant circuits, particularly the diastolic path of ventricular tachycardia (VT).

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of LiveView Dynamic Display for mapping the critical isthmus of scar‐related reentrant VT.

Methods

Patients with mappable scar‐related reentrant VT were selected. The characteristics of the underlying substrates and VT circuits were assessed using HD grid multielectrode catheter. The VT isthmuses were identified based on the activation map, entrainment, and ablation results. The accuracy of the LiveView findings in detecting potential VT isthmus was assessed.

Results

We studied 18 scar‐related reentrant VTs in 10 patients (median age: 59.5 years, 100% male) including 6 and 4 patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy, respectively. The median VT cycle length was 426 ms (interquartile range: 386–466 ms). Among 590 regional mapping displays, 92.0% of the VT isthmus sites were identified by LiveView Dynamic Display. The accuracy of LiveView for isthmus identification was 84%, with positive and negative predictive values of 54.8% and 97.8%, respectively. The area with abnormal electrograms was negatively correlated with the accuracy of LiveView Dynamic Display (r = −.506, p = .027). The median time interval to identify a VT isthmus using LiveView was significantly shorter than that using conventional activation maps (50.5 [29.8–120] vs. 219 [157.5–400.8] s, p = .015).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the feasibility of LiveView Dynamic Display in identifying the critical isthmus of scar‐related VT with modest accuracy.
Cardiovascular risk of energy drinks: Caffeine and taurine facilitate ventricular arrhythmias in a sensitive whole‐heart model
Authors: Ellermann Christian , Hakenes Tamara , Wolfes Julian , Wegner Felix K. , Willy Kevin , Leitz Patrick , Rath Benjamin , Eckardt Lars , Frommeyer Gerrit
Published: March 2022

Background

Several case reports have suggested an increased risk of sudden cardiac death due to energy drinks. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess acute electrophysiologic effects of caffeine and taurine, two of the main ingredients of energy drinks, in an experimental whole‐heart model.

Methods and Results

Twenty‐five rabbit hearts were excised, retrogradely perfused, and assigned to two groups. Hearts were perfused with caffeine (2, 10, and 50 µM) or taurine (2, 10, and 50 µM) after generating baseline data. Eight monophasic action potentials and electrocardiography recordings showed a significant abbreviation of action potential duration (APD90), QT interval, and effective refractory periods (ERP) after caffeine treatment. With taurine, cardiac repolarization duration and ERP were significantly shortened. A ventricular vulnerability was assessed by a predefined pacing protocol. With caffeine, we observed a trend towards more ventricular arrhythmias in a dose‐dependent manner. After treatment with taurine, significantly more episodes of ventricular arrhythmias occurred.

Conclusion

In this experimental whole‐heart study, treatment with caffeine and taurine provoked ventricular arrhythmias. The underlying mechanism was an abbreviation of cardiac repolarizations and effective refractory periods that may facilitate re‐entry and thereby provokes arrhythmias. These findings help to understand the potentially hazardous and fatal outcomes after intoxication with energy drinks.
A comprehensive in vitro study on the performance of two different strategies to simplify adhesive bonding
Authors: Rohr Nadja , Märtin Sabrina , Zitzmann Nicola U. , Fischer Jens
Published: March 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study is to compare the bonding performance and mechanical properties of two different resin composite cements using simplified adhesive bonding strategies.

Materials and methods

Shear bond strength of two resin composite cements (an adhesive cement: Panavia V5 [PV5] and a self‐adhesive cement: RelyX Universal [RUV]) to human enamel, dentin, and a variety of restorative materials (microfilled composite, composite, polymer‐infiltrated ceramic, feldspar ceramic, lithium disilicate and zirconia) was measured. Thermocycle aging was performed with selected material combinations.

Results

For both cements, the highest shear bond strength to dentin was achieved when using a primer (PV5: 18.0 ± 4.2 MPa, RUV: 18.2 ± 3.3 MPa). Additional etching of dentin reduced bond strength for RUV (12.5 ± 4.9 MPa). On enamel, PV5 achieved the highest bond strength when the primer was used (18.0 ± 3.1 MPa), while for RUV etching of enamel and priming provided best results (21.2 ± 6.6 MPa). Shear bond strength of RUV to restorative materials was superior to PV5. Bonding to resin‐based materials was predominantly observed for RUV.

Conclusions

While use of RUV with the selective‐etch technique is slightly more labor intensive than PV5, RUV (with its universal primer) displayed a high‐bonding potential to all tested restorative materials, especially to resin.

Clinical significance

For a strong adhesion to the tooth substrate, PV5 (with its tooth primer) is to be preferred because etching with phosphoric acid is not required. However, when using a wide range of varying restorative materials, RUV with its universal primer seems to be an adequate option.
Surface pasteurization of fresh pomelo juice vesicles by gaseous chlorine dioxide
Authors: Lin Xian , Chen Gaohui , Jin Tony Z. , Li Xiangyu , Xu Yujuan , Xu Baojun , Wen Jing , Fu Manqin , Wu Jijun , Yu Yuanshan
Published: March 2022

This study developed an in‐package pasteurization method that released gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) triggered when moisture vapor from the fresh produce interacted with a ClO2 precursor. The samples were placed in sealed containers (750 ml) containing mixtures (0.1–1.0 g) of sodium chlorite and citric acid powders (1:1) and treated for up to 15 min at 25°C. Our results showed that, production of gaseous ClO2 was linearly correlated with the reaction time (R2>0.95) with mean concentrations in the range of 1.70 – 8.66 mg/L. The gaseous ClO2 treatments for 15 min significantly reduced Escherichia coli and fungi populations on pomelo juice vesicles with reductions of 6 and 2 log CFU/g, respectively. Perchlorate and chlorite in samples were not detected, and chlorate was only detected when the mean ClO2 concentration was over 4.09 mg/L. The treatments did not significantly affect total soluble solids, total acids, pectin and malondialdehyde contents, and color of pomelo juice vesicles. The contents of ascorbic acid, naringin, and limonin, and bitterness score decreased with the increase of mean ClO2 concentrations. Overall, our results demonstrate an effective nonthermal approach for microbial inactivation while maintaining the quality of fresh pomelo juice vesicles.
Frailty and multimorbidity are independent and additive prognostic factors
Authors: Strandberg Timo E. , Kivimäki Mika
Published: March 2022

This letter comments on the article by Schoenborn et al.
Analysis of clinical application effects and challenges of early warning system for the high‐risk obstetric women of China: A scoping review
Authors: Zhang Han , Jiang Jin‐Xia , Xia Jie , Yu Chan , Zhong Min‐Hui , Pang Qi‐Ying , Mao Yan‐Li , Duan Xia
Published: March 2022

Background

Obstetric critical illness is an important factor that leads to an increase in maternal mortality. Early warning assessment can effectively reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. However, there are multiple early warning systems, and the effect and applicability of each system in China still need to be explored.

Objectives

To elaborate on the application, effectiveness and challenges of the existing early warning systems for high‐risk obstetric women in China and to provide a reference for clinical practice.

Design

A scoping review guided by the Arksey and O'Malley framework and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis for scoping review (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines.

Eligibility criteria

We included original studies related to early warning and excluded those that were guidelines, consensus and reviews. The included studies were published in Chinese or English by Chinese scholars as of June 2021.

Data sources

CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched systematically, and the reference sections of the included papers were snowballed.

Results

In total, 598 articles were identified. These articles were further refined using keyword searches and exclusion criteria, and 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. We extracted data related to each study's population, methods and results. Early warning tools, outcome indices, effects and challenges are discussed.

Conclusions

Although all studies have shown that early warning systems have good application effects, the use of early warning systems in China is still limited, with poor regional management and poor sensitivity for specific obstetric women. Future research needs to develop more targeted early warning tools for high‐risk obstetric women and address the current challenges in clinical applications.