bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A survey on methods, datasets and implementations for scene text spotting
Authors: Blanco‐Medina Pablo , Fidalgo Eduardo , Alegre Enrique , González‐Castro Víctor
Published: July 2022

Text Spotting is the union of the tasks of detection and transcription of the text that is present in images. Due to the various problems often found when retrieving text, such as orientation, aspect ratio, vertical text or multiple languages in the same image, this can be a challenging task. In this paper, the most recent methods and publications in this field are analysed and compared. Apart from presenting features already seen in other surveys, such as their architectures and performance on different datasets, novel perspectives for comparison are also included, such as the hardware, software, backbone architectures, main problems to solve, or programming languages of the algorithms. The review highlights information often omitted in other studies, providing a better understanding of the current state of research in Text Spotting, from 2016 to 2022, current problems and future trends, as well as establishing a baseline for future methods development, comparison of results and serving as guideline for choosing the most appropriate method to solve a particular problem.
Convergence of a spectral method for the stochastic incompressible Euler equations
Authors: Chaudhary Abhishek
Published: July 2022

We propose a spectral viscosity method (SVM) to approximate the incompressible Euler equations driven by amultiplicativenoise. We show that the SVM solution converges to adissipative measure-valued martingalesolution of the underlying problem. These solutions are weak in the probabilistic sensei.e.the probability space and the driving Wiener process are an integral part of the solution. We also exhibit a weak (measure-valued)-strong uniqueness principle. Moreover, we establishstrongconvergence of approximate solutions to the regular solution of the limit system at least on the lifespan of the latter, thanks to the weak (measure-valued)–strong uniqueness principle for the underlying system.
ICHTML 2022 – Education under attack
Authors: Hamaniuk Vita , Semerikov Serhiy , Shramko Yaroslav
Published: July 2022

This is an introductory text to a collection of papers from the ICHTML 2022: 3rd International Conference on History, Theory and Methodology of Learning, which held in Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine, on the May 16-17, 2022. It consists of short introduction, conference review and some observations about the event and its future.
Training to professional fulfillment: the history of women’s education in Ukraine (at the end 19th – early 20th centuries)
Authors: Avsheniuk Nataliia , Anishchenko Olena , Hodlevska Kateryna , Seminikhyna Nataliya
Published: July 2022

The article is focused on the findings of the research of women’s professional education in the context of their self-fulfillment opportunities in Ukraine at the end of 19th-beginning of the 20th century. The current state of research on pedagogical theory’s chosen topic is outlined. The peculiarities of training women in professional educational institutions of different profiles and levels were determined considering the socio-economic, socio-political events in Ukraine and specific purposes, tasks and functions, and foreign trends in women’s professional education. The government impact, charity and educational societies’ focus on women’s professional education in Ukraine has been analyzed. The main emphasis has been placed on the problem of special education for representatives of national minorities, deprived children, and orphans. The theoretical analysis of constructive ideas of women’s professional education experience of the late 19th – early 20th century in the new context of Ukraine’s socio-economic development is substantiated.
Technologizing youth training for entrepreneurship to fulfil sustainable development goals
Authors: Yershova Liudmyla , Alieksieieva Svitlana , Kulalaieva Natalia , Odnoroh Halyna , Yershov Mykola-Oleg
Published: July 2022

The relevance of the article can be justified by the requirements for youth entrepreneurship training defined by sustainable development goals. In particular, these requirements are expected to promote the continuous, comprehensive and sustainable economic growth of the country, as well as full and decent employment for all. The object of the research is the technologization of youth training for entrepreneurship. The aim of the research lies in justifying and experimentally verifying the author’s method of introducing pedagogical technologies in youth training for entrepreneurship in vocational education institutions. Results: the author’s method of introducing pedagogical technologies is defined as a system of dependent variables, pedagogical factors and algorithms of their application. The article also presents a modelled algorithm of the simultaneous introduction of the author’s technologies (motivating future specialists towards business activity, improving their financial literacy and capacity for project activity and effective self-management) in educational institutions. The effectiveness of this method has been verified during a pedagogical experiment. This experiment aimed to prove the positive dynamics in the levels of future specialists’ entrepreneurship competence. Conclusions: In the short run, the author’s method of introducing pedagogical technologies in youth training for entrepreneurship allows one to optimize teachers’ activities (by simplifying the choice of pedagogical influence factors and isolating dependent variables), strengthen the systematicity, controllability, reproducibility and effectiveness of the author’s technologies. In the medium run, it will promote the technologicalization of vocational education and help achieve sustainable development goals. Experimental verification of the author’s method has shown a significant increase in students’ levels of entrepreneurship competence. Furthermore, it has proved the synergistic effect of the systematic use of innovative forms and methods of pedagogical influence on personality.
Innovations in professional activity: what students of specialty “Preschool Education” think about it
Authors: Lokhvytska Liubov , Martovytska Nataliia
Published: July 2022

Contemporary challenges of society, its dynamic development cause changes in all spheres of life, particularly in education. To obtain a university education in the Ukrainian state, higher Education Standard in specialty 012 Preschool Education for the second (master’s) level of higher education (2020) was approved, which provides for the formation of relevant competencies. The purpose of the study was to analyze the essence of innovations in the professional activities of teachers of preschool educational institutions (PEI). To find out the attitude of students to the implementation of innovations in professional activities, a thematic survey was conducted. The selection of questions and respond options is based on all competencies of the Standard and the materials of theoretical analysis. The sample of the online survey covers the students’ responses from two state universities of Ukraine (n =159), who are obtaining the second (master’s) level of higher education on the educational-professional program “Preschool Education”. Respondents were grouped according to the mode of study. The obtained quantitative and qualitative data revealed the influence of the experience of practical experience in the PEI on the choice of the respond. This determined the necessity to teach students the educational component “Innovation activities in PEI” and the development of corresponding tasks during their teaching practicum in the system of preschool education.
Preventive pedagogical work on negative manifestations of preschool children’s behaviour
Authors: Kochubei Tetiana , Melnykova Olha , Svyrydiuk Olha
Published: July 2022

The role of preventive education in averting negative behaviours in preschoolers has been considered in the article. It has been justified that preventive work with the children prone to negative behaviours will enhance harmonious development of preschoolers’ personalities, provided that effective forms, methods and techniques have been implemented into preventive education of children with negative behaviours during interpersonal communication (preschool teachers – child – family). It has been proved that the realization of the proposed model of interpersonal communication within preventive work with children prone to negative behaviours in preschools provides positive results, indicating the importance of cooperation among all subjects of the education process in these institutions. The need for primary or early preventive work highlights the significance of primary preventive education, since only early socio-pedagogical prevention of children’s negative behaviours is an effective means of coping with destructive phenomena in the children’s environment. The main factors for children’s negative behaviours and the most essential indications of the need to implement senior preschoolers’ preventive education have been identified. Methodical guidelines on effective preventive education of senior preschoolers prone to negative behaviours have been outlined. The forms, methods and techniques of preventive work that promote constructive behaviours in children have been implemented and verified; the level indicators of development of a sustainable and responsible attitude towards negative behaviours in preschoolers during interpersonal communication have been determined.
Müde Mitochondrien
Authors: Feldhaus Simon
Published: July 2022

Anhand des vorliegenden Fallbeispiels veranschaulicht der Autor, wie bestimmte Virusinfektionen ein – häufig fehldiagnostiziertes postvirales Fatigue-Syndrom nach sich ziehen können. Zu den Kardinalsymptomen gehören körperliche und geistige Erschöpfung und gesteigerte Ermüdbarkeit, begleitet von unter anderem Muskelschmerzen, Gedächtnis- sowie anderen kognitiven Störungen. Eine häufige Ursache ist eine Mitochondriopathie. Sie kann nach einer Funktionstestung der Mitochondrien individuell und kausal mit orthomolekularer Medizin (OM) behandelt werden.
New Markers for Placental Dysfunction at Term – Potential for More
Authors: Graupner Oliver , Kuschel Bettina , Axt-Fliedner Roland , Enzensberger Christian
Published: July 2022

The remaining placental reserve capacity at term plays a decisive role in the perinatal morbidity of mother and child. Considering advances made in the field of fetal monitoring, the
routine examination methods currently used at term or late term may be insufficient to detect subclinical placental dysfunction (PD). The aim of this study is to offer an up-to-date,
narrative review of the literature in the context of detecting PD at term using complementary ultrasound markers and biomarkers. Parameters of fetomaternal Doppler ultrasound and fetal
cardiac function, as well as (anti-)angiogenic factors in maternal serum are potential PD markers. These may help identify patients that may benefit from an elective, early induction of
labor at term, thereby potentially reducing morbidity and mortality. However, their value in terms of the optimal date of delivery must first be determined in randomized controlled trials on
a large number of cases.
Is Conversion Total Knee Arthroplasty a Distinct Surgical Procedure? A Comparison to Primary and Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Chen Zhongming , Sax Oliver C. , Bains Sandeep S. , Hebditch Cameron S. , Nace James , Delanois Ronald E.
Published: July 2022

Conversion total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is suggested to incur similar complication rates to revision arthroplasties. However, current billing codes do not allow for the differentiation between this operation and primary TKAs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of these two surgeries, as well as revision TKAs. Specifically, we analyzed (1) medical complications, (2) surgical complications, and (3) revision rates at 90 days and 1 year. We queried a national, all-payer database to identify patients who underwent TKA without prior implants (n = 1,358,767), required conversion TKA (n = 15,378), and who underwent revision TKA (n = 33,966) between January 1, 2010, and April 30, 2020. Conversion TKA patients (prior implant removal) were identified using the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Outcomes studied included 30-day readmission rates and 90-day, as well as 1-year, medical and surgical complications. Conversion TKAs had greater 30-day readmission rates and incidences of most of the complications studied when compared with primary TKAs. The majority of outcomes when comparing between primary, conversion, and revision TKAs were significantly different (p < 0.01). In contrast, conversion TKA complications were similar to revision TKA. Conversion TKAs have higher postoperative complications than primary TKAs and share more similarities with revision TKAs. Thus, the lack of billing codes differentiating conversion and primary TKAs creates a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons.
Do Patellar Tendon Repairs Have Better Outcomes than Quadriceps Tendon Repairs? A Prospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Yalcin Sercan , McCoy Brett , Farrow Lutul D. , Johnson Carrie , Jones Morgan H. , Kolczun Michael , Leo Brian , Miniaci Anthony , Nickodem Robert , Parker Richard , Serna Alfred , Stearns Kim , Strnad Greg , Williams James , Yuxuan Jin , Spindler Kurt P.
Published: July 2022

Patellar tendon (PT) and quadriceps tendon (QT) ruptures represent significant injuries and warrant surgical intervention in most patients. Outcome data are predominantly retrospective analyses with low sample sizes. There are also minimal data comparing QT and PT repairs and the variables impacting patient outcomes. The level of evidence of the study is level II (prognosis). From the prospective OME cohort, 189 PT or QT repairs were performed between February 2015 and October 2019. Of these, 178 were successfully enrolled (94.2%) with 1-year follow-up on 141 (79.2%). Baseline demographic data included age, sex, race, BMI, years of education, smoking status, and baseline VR-12 MCS score. Surgical and follow-up data included surgeon volume, fixation technique, baseline, and 1-year Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Pain (KOOS-Pain), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score—Physical Function (KOOS-PS), and 1-year Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) scores and complications. Multivariable regression analysis was utilized to identify prognosis and significant risk factors for outcomes—specifically, whether KOOS-Pain or KOOS-PS were different between QT versus PT repairs. There were 59 patients in the PT cohort and 82 patients in QT cohort. Baseline demographic data demonstrated that PT cohort was younger (45.1 vs. 59.5 years, p <0.001), included significantly fewer patients of White race (51.7 vs. 80.0%, p = 0.001), lesser number of years of education (13.9 vs. 15.2 years, p = 0.020), a higher percentage of “high” surgeon volume (72.9% vs. 43.9%, p = 0.001) and 25.4% of PT repairs had supplemental fixation (QT had zero, p <0.001). Multivariable analysis identified gender (female-worse, p = 0.001), years of education (higher-better, p = 0.02), and baseline KOOS-Pain score (higher-better, p <0.001) as the risk factors that significantly predicted KOOS-Pain score. The risk factors that significantly predicted KOOS-PS were gender (female worse, p = 0.033), race (non-White-worse, p <0.001), baseline VR-12 MCS score (higher-better, p <0.001), and baseline KOOS-PS score (higher better, p = 0.029). KOOS-Pain and KOOS-PS scores improved after both QT and PT repairs. Patient reported pain and function at 1 year were similar between PT and QT repairs after adjusting for known risk factors. Multivariable analysis identified female gender and low baseline KOOS scores as predictors for worse outcomes.
What Are the Drivers of Readmission for Serious Venous Thromboembolic Events after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty? An Analysis of 862,915 Patients
Authors: Rhoads Colin , Emara Ahmed K. , Pumo Thomas , Pan Xuankang , Zhou Guangjin , Koroukian Siran , Krebs Viktor E. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: July 2022

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a relatively common complication among patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This complication occurs in a spectrum of severity ranging from an incidental finding to serious readmission-requiring events. To date, the risk factors of serious VTE that require readmission have not been characterized. This study examines the patient and hospital characteristics associated with readmission for serious VTE after TKA. The National Readmission Database (NRD) from the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) was queried for patients who underwent primary TKA from January 2016-December 2018. The study population consisted of patients who were readmitted within 90 days following primary TKA with a primary diagnosis of VTE. Multivariable regression models were constructed to evaluate patient characteristics (age, sex, insurance, elective nature of procedure, hospital characteristics, discharge status, income, and comorbidities) associated with higher risk of developing readmission-requiring VTE. Readmission rates for VTE exhibited a higher incidence in patients older than 61 (compared with 40 and under), males (OR:1.08, 95%CI [1.03–1.14]), patients with nonelective procedures (OR:20.21, 95% CI [19.16–21.32]), patients at large hospitals(OR:1.17, 95% CI [1.09–1.25]), patients at private hospitals (OR:1.19, 95% CI [1.09–1.29]), and patients with non-home discharge statuses. Comorbidities of paralysis (OR:1.52, 95% CI [1.19–1.94]), neurological disorders (OR:1.12, 95% CI [1.02–1.23]), metastatic cancer (OR:1.48, 95% CI [1.01–2.17]), obesity (OR:1.11, 95% CI [1.06–1.17]), fluid and electrolyte imbalance (OR:1.28, 95% CI [1.18–1.38]), blood loss anemia (OR:1.29, 95% CI [1.02–1.64]), and iron deficiency anemia (OR:1.24, 95 % CI [1.15–1.33]) increased risk of VTE. Certain comorbidities requiring chronic anticoagulation were associated with lower risk of VTE. Insurance status and patient income did not exhibit any correlation with VTE incidence. Patient characteristics of male sex, age > 61, and baseline comorbidities (paralysis, neurological disorders, metastatic cancer, obesity, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and blood loss/iron deficiency anemia) were at an increased risk of developing serious VTE. Patients without continued supervision at their discharge environment were at higher risk of developing serious VTE. Extra prophylaxis and special protocols may be warranted in these patients to prevent VTE complications.
Defects in uranium dioxide significantly suppress thermal conductivity
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: July 2022

Increasing the ratio of oxygen to uranium can impact the safety of the widely used nuclear fuel.
Terminological hybridity in institutional legal translation
Authors: Prieto Ramos Fernando , Cerutti Giorgina
Published: July 2022

The analysis of domain-specific terminology is essential for characterizing specialized discourses, and emerges as a useful means of measuring the thematic hybridity of law and legal translation in particular. This paper accordingly presents a large-scale mapping of terminological and phraseological features in a multi-genre corpus that was built as part of the LETRINT project on institutional legal translation. The corpus-driven analysis focuses on the density of legal terminology and phraseology, on the one hand, and that of terminology of other specialized domains, on the other, in nine genres that are considered representative of three central legal functions (law-making, compliance monitoring and adjudication) in three international settings (the European Union, the United Nations and the World Trade Organization). The comparative examination of density scores provides empirical evidence of the common core features of the selected genres, and reveals variations based on institutional thematic focus, primary legal function and genre specificities. These insights nuance our understanding of international legal discourses and domain specialization in institutional translation.
Multi-head self-attention bidirectional gated recurrent unit for end-to-end remaining useful life prediction of mechanical equipment
Authors: Che Changchang , Wang Huawei , Ni Xiaomei , Xiong Minglan
Published: July 2022

In order to reduce error accumulation caused by multistep modeling and achieve a generally accurate model, this paper proposes an end-to-end remaining useful life (RUL) prediction model based on a multi-head self-attention bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU). Taking multivariable samples with long time series as the model input and multistep RUL values as the model output, the BiGRU model is constructed for continuous prediction of RUL. In addition, single-head self-attention models are applied for time series and variables of samples before or after the BiGRU, which can be fused into a multi-head attention BiGRU. Aeroengines and rolling bearings are selected to testify the effectiveness of the proposed method from the system level and component level respectively. The results show that the proposed method can achieve end-to-end RUL prediction efficiently and accurately. Compared with single-head models and individual deep learning models, the prediction mean square error of the proposed method is reduced by 20%–70%.
Energy transfer and coherence in coupled oscillators with delayed coupling: a classical picture of two-level systems
Authors: Alharbi Fahhad H , Abdelrahman Abdelrahman S , Alkathiry Abdullah M , Al-Qahtani Hussain M
Published: July 2022

The Frimmer-Novotny model to simulate two-level systems by coupled oscillators is extended by incorporating a constant time delay in the coupling. The effects of the introduced delay on system dynamics and two-level modeling are then investigated and found substantial. Mathematically, introducing a delay converts the dynamical system from a finite one into an infinite-dimensional system. The resulted system of delay differential equations is solved using the Krylov method with Chebyshev interpolation and post-processing refinement. The calculations and analyses reveal the critical role that a delay can play. It has oscillatory effects as the main dynamical eigenmodes move around a circle with a radius proportional to the coupling strength and an angle linear with the delay. This alteration governs the energy transfer dynamics and coherence. Accordingly, both, the delay and the coupling strength dictate the stability of the system. The delay is the main related parameter as for certain intervals of it, the system remains stable regardless of the coupling. A significant effect occurs when one of the main modes crosses the imaginary axis, where it becomes pure imaginary and dampingless. Thus, the two states energies can live and be exchanged for an extremely long time. Furthermore, it is found that the delay alters both the splitting and the linewidth in a way further influencing the energy transfer and coherence. It is found also that the delay should not be large to have significant effect. For example, for an optical system with 500 nm wavelength, the critical delay can be in tens of attoseconds.
Measurement of atmospheric muon angular distribution using a portable setup of liquid scintillator bars
Authors: Sogarwal Hariom , Shukla Prashant
Published: July 2022

Measurements of cosmogenic particles at various locations and altitudes are
becoming increasingly important in view of worldwide interests in rare signals for search of new
physics.
In this work, we report measurement of muon zenith angle distributions and
vertical
flux using a portable setup of four one-meter long liquid scintillator bars.
Each scintillator bar is read out from both sides via photomultiplier tubes followed
by an 8-channel Digitizer. We exploit energy deposition and excellent timing of scintillators to construct two
dimensional tracks and hence angles of charged particles. We use liquid scintillators since they
have an added advantage of pulse shape discrimination (PSD) which can be used for detecting
muon induced particles.
The energy deposition, time window of event and PSD cuts are used to reduce the random as well as
correlated backgrounds. In addition, we propose three track quality parameters which are applied
to obtain a clean muon spectrum.
The zenith angle measurement is performed upto 60°.
With our improved analysis, we demonstrate that a setup of 3 bars can also be
used for quicker and precise measurements.
The vertical muon flux measured is 66.70 ± 0.36 ± 1.50 /m2/sr/s with n = 2.10 ± 0.05 ± 0.25
in cos
n

θ at the location of Mumbai, India (19°N, 72.9°E) at Sea
level with a muon momentum above 255 MeV/c.
The muon flux has dependence on various factors, the most prominents are latitudes, altitudes
and momentum cut of muon so that portable setup like this can be a boon for such
measurements at various locations.
Silicon optrode array with monolithically integrated SU-8 waveguide and single LED light source
Authors: Ryu Daeho , Lee Youjin , Lee Yongseung , Lee Yena , Hwang Seoyoung , Kim Yong-Kweon , Jun Sang Beom , Lee Hyang Woon , Ji Chang-Hyeon
Published: July 2022

Objective. This paper presents a conventional light emitting diode (LED) and polymer waveguide coupled silicon optrode array. Approach. Unique lens design at the waveguide inlet enables a high light coupling efficiency with a single LED light source, and provides small power consumption compatible with a wireless optogenetic neuromodulation system. To increase the light intensity at the waveguide tip, a lensed waveguide is fabricated with epoxy-based photoresist SU-8, which has a plano-convex lens shape at the waveguide inlet to focus the light in the horizontal direction. In addition, a cylindrical lens is assembled in front of the waveguide inlet to focus the source light in the vertical direction. Main results. The glass cylindrical lens and SU-8 plano-convex lens increased the light coupling efficiency by 6.7 dB and 6.6 dB, respectively. The fabricated 1 × 4 array of optrodes is assembled with a single LED with 465 nm wavelength, which produces a light intensity of approximately 2.7 mW mm−2 at the SU-8 waveguide outlet when 50 mA input current is applied to the LED. Each optrode has four recording electrodes at the SU-8 waveguide outlet. The average impedance of the iridium oxide (IrO
x
) electroplated recording electrodes is 43.6 kΩ. Significance. In-vivo experiment at the hippocampus region CA1 and CA2 demonstrated the capability of optical stimulation and neural signal recording through the LED and SU-8 waveguide coupled silicon optrode array.
A 4-channel front-end electronics for muon drift tubes detectors in 65 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Shah S.A.A. , De Matteis M. , Fras M. , Kortner O. , Kroha H. , Richter R. , Baschirotto A.
Published: July 2022

A 4-channel front-end electronics chip in 65 nm CMOS technology (ASD65 nm) for muon drift tube chambers at high background counting rates in the ATLAS detector at High-Luminosity LHC and in future high-energy collider experiments is presented. Each channel of the ASD65 nm chip is a mixed-signal processing circuit consisting of a Charge Sensitive Preamplifier (CSP), a two-stage shaper, and a timing discriminator. The CSP exhibits a peaking time of 11 ns and a sensitivity of 1.1 mV/fC. The peaking time of the full analog chain is 14.6 ns. The minimum signal-to-noise ratio of the channel is 15 dB for the minimum input charge of 5 fC, and it rises to 40.5 dB for the maximum input charge of 100 fC. At the output, the time representation of input signal is provided in both, CMOS level as well as low-voltage-differential-signal. Each channel consumes a current of 10.6 mA from a single 1.2 V supply, and occupies an area of 0.235 mm2. The specified performance parameters of the ASD65 nm have been achieved for 60 pF parasitic capacitance of the detector connected the input terminal.
A novel nuclear emulsion detector for measurement of quantum states of ultracold neutrons in the Earth's gravitational field
Authors: Muto N. , Abele H. , Ariga T. , Bosina J. , Hino M. , Hirota K. , Ichikawa G. , Jenke T. , Kawahara H. , Kawasaki S. , Kitaguchi M. , Micko J. , Mishima K. , Naganawa N. , Nakamura M. , Roccia S. , Sato O. , Sedmik R.I.P. , Seki Y. , Shimizu H.M. , Tada S. , Umemoto A.
Published: July 2022

Hypothetical short-range interactions could be detected by measuring the wavefunctions of gravitationally bound ultracold neutrons (UCNs) on a mirror in the Earth's gravitational field.
Searches for them with higher sensitivity require detectors with higher spatial resolution.
We developed and have been improving an UCN detector with a high spatial resolution, which consists of a Si substrate, a thin converter layer including ^10B_4C, and a layer of fine-grained nuclear emulsion.
Its resolution was estimated to be less than 100 nm by fitting tracks of either ^7Li nuclei or α-particles, which were created when neutrons interacted with the ^10B_4C layer.
For actual measurements of the spatial distributions, the following two improvements were made.
The first improvement was to establish a method to align microscopic images with high accuracy within a wide region of 65 mm × 0.2 mm.
We created reference marks of 1 μm and 5 μm diameter with an interval of 50 μm and 500 μm, respectively, on the Si substrate by electron beam lithography and realized a position accuracy of less than 30 nm.
The second improvement was to build a holder for the detector that could maintain the atmospheric pressure around the nuclear emulsion to utilize it under a vacuum during exposure to UCNs.

The intrinsic resolution of the improved detector was estimated to be better than
0.56(8) μm by evaluating the blur of a transmission image of a gadolinium grating taken by cold neutrons.
The evaluation included the precision of the gadolinium grating.
A test exposure was conducted to obtain the spatial distribution of UCNs in the quantized states on a mirror in the Earth's gravitational field.
The distribution was obtained, fitted with the theoretical curve, and turned out to be reasonable for UCNs in quantized states when we considered a blurring of 6.9 μm.
The blurring was well explained as a result of neutron refraction due to the large surface roughness on the upstream side of the Si substrate.
By using a double-side-polished Si substrate, a resolution of less than 0.56 μm is expected to be achieved for UCNs.
Fluid drag reduction by penguin-mimetic laser-ablated riblets with yaw angles
Authors: Saito Ryosuke , Yamasaki Takeshi , Tanaka Hiroto
Published: July 2022

The bodies of penguins, which swim underwater to forage, are densely covered with feathers, in which the barbs are oriented in the longitudinal direction. We hypothesize that these barbs act as riblets and reduce friction drag during swimming. Considering various real-world swim conditions, the drag reduction effect is expected to be robust against changes in the flow speed and yaw angle relative to the flow. To test this hypothesis, we created trapezoidal riblets based on the morphology of these barbs and measured the drag of flat plates with these fabricated riblets in a water tunnel. The spacing, width, and height of the barbs were found to be approximately 100, 60, and 30 μm, respectively. This spacing resulted in a nondimensional spacing s
+ of 5.5 for a typical penguin swimming speed of 1.4 m s−1. We fabricated four types of riblets on polyimide films by ultraviolet laser ablation. The first was a small-scale riblet for which the spacing was decreased to 41 μm to simulate the surface flow condition of the usual and slower swim behaviors in our water tunnel. The other three were manufactured to the actual scale of real barbs (spacing of 100 μm) with three different rib ridge widths: 10, 25, and 50 μm. Yaw angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° were also tested with the actual-scale riblets. The drag reduction rate of the small-scale riblet was maximized to 1.97% by the smallest s
+ of 1.59. For all three actual-scale riblets, increasing the yaw angle from zero to 15° enhanced the drag reduction rate for the full range of s
+ up to 13.5. The narrow-ridge riblet reduced drag at an even higher yaw angle of 45°, but the drag increased with zero yaw angle. Overall, the medium-ridge riblet, which was representative of the barbs, was well-balanced.
Representation of financial markets in macro-economic transition models—a review and suggestions for extensions
Authors: Sanders Mark , Serebriakova Alexandra , Fragkos Panagiotis , Polzin Friedemann , Egli Florian , Steffen Bjarne
Published: July 2022

As the energy transition accelerates and renewable energy technologies become cost-competitive with fossil fuels in many countries, the availability of finance could become a bottleneck. Integrated assessment models (IAMs) and other macro-economic transition (MET) models typically do not feature detailed financial markets and do not sufficiently consider financing barriers and opportunities for the transition to carbon neutrality. While progress has been made in the representation of financial markets in macro-models since the financial crisis of 2008 the focus has been on financial (in)stability of the financial sector, not its ability to finance investment projects in the energy transition. Hence, a crucial gap remains, preventing macro model-based analysis of financing barriers and policy interventions that may accelerate the energy transition. In this article we review how state-of-the-art macro-economic models consider the financial sector. From this review we identify what elements are still missing to adequately model the financial dynamics and challenges for the energy transition specifically. Based on a discussion of relevant parts of the finance literature, we then propose four steps to improve the representation of finance in global IAMs and MET models more generally.
Lacunarity transition in a chaotic dynamical system
Authors: Cucurull Bartomeu , Pradas Marc , Wilkinson Michael
Published: July 2022

Experiments investigating particles floating on a randomly stirred fluid show regions of very low density, which are not well understood. We introduce a simplified model for understanding sparsely occupied regions of the phase space of non-autonomous, chaotic dynamical systems, based upon an extension of the skinny bakers’ map. We show how the distribution of the sizes of voids in the phase space can be mapped to the statistics of the running maximum of a Wiener process. We find that the model exhibits a lacunarity transition, which is characterised by regions of the phase space remaining empty as the number of trajectories is increased.
Stakeholders mapping of peatlands restoration in Jambi: A case of Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency
Authors: Suharti Sri , Tata Hesti L , Prameswari Diana
Published: July 2022

Peatland restoration needs collaboration among stakeholders. This research aims to study the role of stakeholders who concern on peatland restoration and to map their potential roles to succeed the restoration in Jambi Province. We used triangulation method to collect data and information i.e. in-depth interviews, field observation and Focus Group Discussion. The data were analysed by using descriptive analysis. It was found that in peatland restoration, stakeholders could be mapped into four quadrants “Key Players”, stakeholders with high influence and interest (Environment Office of Jambi Province and Tanjabar Regency, Forestry Office of Jambi Province, Estate Crop Office of Jambi Province, Tanjabar FMU, and NGOs); “Subject”, stakeholders with low influence but high interest (Watershed Management Unit of Batanghari River, Development Planning Agency of Jambi Province, Jambi University, Regional Secretary of Tanjabar Regency, BPHP, Agricultural Extension Institutions, NGOs (Warsi) and Makmur Jaya Joint Farmer Group); “Crowd”, stakeholders having both low influence and interest (The Food Crops Office both at Jambi Province and Tanjabar Regency, Conservation and Natural Reserve Unit, Development Planning Agency of Tanjabar Regency, Public Works and Public Housing Service of Jambi province Agricultural Crops and Horticulture district office and 2 farmer groups. To bridge the differences among stakeholders, strong coordination and cross-sector collaborative management should accommodate all interest and expectation of stakeholders.
Association among Lepironia articulata Cyperaceae, peat soil and people in Wanggate, Mappi, Papua
Authors: Sinaga Nurhaidah I , Lense Obed N , Hendry  , Tukayo Rudolf
Published: July 2022

Wanggate is a small village that is surrounded by water like a small island in the wetland area. A creek connecting to a main river is a mean of transportation to reach Mappi or another nearby village. Next to the river, population of grass were living and periodically waterlogged by the river. L. articulate, a species under Cyperaceae family, grows abundantly in small lake or pool that has connection to the river. Dark green color is a sign of L. articulata presence. The grass could reach up to 2 m tall and lives above water. Relationship among people, plants with peat soil has been present since a long time. The research was undertaken to understand more about the association. The nature of this study was descriptive with interviews to obtain ethnobotanical data. Fifty plot-wise sampling technique was used to collect data. The result shows that L. articulata shrub was the habitat of freshwater fishes like nila (Oreochormis niloticus), Channa sp. and shrimps. People has been dependent to fisheries from the lake and grasses for living. They make bags, arm straps, traditional hats, umbrellas, mats, kitchen utensils like baskets and plates, clothes and roofs from L. articulata. Peat soil was found in 31 plots and 28 of those plots were covered by L. articulata. Association index between of L. articulata and peat soil was 0.875 and dominance index of the plant was 0.868. The other plants, Melaleuca cajuputi, were found in 3 plots. The research discovered Paspalum conjugatum, grass-type vegetation, which associated with mineral soil like sago palm (Metroxylon sago).
The potential of peatland fires estimated from physical properties for several land uses
Authors: Junedi Heri , Mahbub Itang Ahmad , Zuhdi M
Published: July 2022

The construction of drainage channels following the opening of peat ecosystems without proper water management results in rapid decline of water level in peat swamp ecosystems, which potentially causes fires. Peat land fires triggered by intentional or unintentional human negligence and are supported by long dry season. This research aims to examine the potential of peat land fires based on the physical characteristics of peat on the type of use of secondary forest land, shrub land, and oil palm land. The study was conducted on peat ecosystems for one year using survey methods and field observations. The results of study indicate that changes in peat land use from secondary forests to shrubs and oil palm plantations result in changes in some physical characteristics of peat, namely humification level, bulk density, peat thickness, organic matter content, hydraulic conductivity, and soil water content. The depth of the ground water table affects the ground water content. Potential fires occur on oil palm land and on shrub land from July to September, whereas secondary forest land does not have the potential to cause fire. In order to avoid fires in oil palm and shrub land areas, it is necessary to manage water by maintaining the groundwater level above 50 cm.
Litter production and leaf litter decomposition rate in secondary peat swamp forests in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Jaya Adi , Sancho Jonay J , Page Susan , Sjorgensen Sofie , Evans Chris , Purwanto  , Sosilawaty  , Sulistiyanto Yustinus
Published: July 2022

Peat swamp forest is an important ecosystem in global climate change through its high carbon content and role as a carbon sink. In peat swamp forest, there is a near-closed cycle of nutrients including carbon. In order to better understand the rate of plant litter production and decomposition, a study was carried out in three secondary peat swamp forests in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Litterfall collection was undertaken using a litter trap with samples collected every month in the first year and every two months thereafter between June 2018 and June 2021. The rate of litter decomposition was assessed by measuring the reduction in dry weight of litter at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. At each of three study sites, two sets of recently fallen litterfall were placed in 25cm x 25cm mesh bags on the peat soil surface to assess decomposition rates under aerobic conditions, and another two sets of litter were placed at a depth of 40 cm to assess decomposition rates under anaerobic conditions. Dry weight of fresh litterfall and decomposed litter samples was determined at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, and total carbon content was analyzed using the loss of ignition method. The results showed that litterfall production in secondary peat swamp forests was about 9.52 ± 3.57 t ha−1 and it followed a seasonal pattern, with higher production in the dry season. The rate of litter decomposition was exponential and faster under aerobic conditions.
Variations in peat soil properties at the west coast of Sumatra Island
Authors: Suryani E , Pratamaningsih M M , Muslim R Q , Erwinda  , Hati D P , Kricella P , Nugroho E S , Subandiono R E , Anda M
Published: July 2022

Peat in coastal areas has different characteristics compared to peat in inland areas because coastal peat usually has high DHL, pyrite, marine sandy substratum, and maturity which is generally classified as hemic to sapric. These variants in soil characteristics drive peculiarity in its management. For this reason, a more detailed information about the characteristics is needed to allow sustainable management and utilization. A total of 78 peat soil samples from 20 peat soil profiles taken over west coast of Sumatra was studied and analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. Field observations were made using a peat auger to determine thickness and maturity, substratum, presence of pyrite, and others. Results showed that peat thickness varied from shallow (50-100 cm), medium (100-200 cm), to very deep (>700 cm); peat situated closer to the coast generally has shallow peat depth. Peat soil in coastal areas contained a mineral soil substrate with a sand content of >70%. It was found that soil had a hemic maturity level and a very acidic to acidic pH value (pH 2.5-5.4). The P2O5 content extracted by 25% HCl varied from low to moderate, while K2O content of 25% HCl extraction was very low. Cations K, Na, and Ca were very low to very high, while Mg spanned from very low to high. Based on its thickness, 25% of peatland were not suitable (Nrc) for general agriculture uses because of >300 cm thickness. Therefore, it is necessary to improve soil fertility and water management in several places.
The priming effect in compost amelioration of tropical peat soil
Authors: Simanjuntak F , Darmawan  , Sumawinata B
Published: July 2022

Utilization of peat land for agriculture in Indonesia is increasing and some efforts in improving the peat soil fertility is being highly concerned. In addition to fertilizers, farmers add some fresher organic matter as the ameliorants, such as compost to support better microbial growth in the soil for increasing the decomposition process. Theoretically the addition of compost onto peat soil would lead to priming effect, hence it would accelerate the decomposition of peat organic matter. This study was to observe the impact of decomposition process due to adding compost to respiratory CO2 of peat soil. Peat soil from Central Kalimantan was used for experiment, incubated with KOH and then the respiratory CO2 was measured with titration method. Two different sizes of peat soil materials obtained from sieving peat soils, i.e. 5 mm and > the 5 mm. Each peat soil materials were mixed with 10%, 25%, and 50% compost to the total 100 grams. Post the compost addition, the samples were incubated for 20 days, and the respiratory CO2 was gauged for 4 times at 5 days interval during the incubation. It was showed that the more compost mixed to the peat soil materials, the more CO2 produced. The highest CO2 was 912.00 mg/g/day from compost incubation and a mixture of 50 gram of compost and coarse peat soil material produced 460.8 mg/g/day.
Identification and Characterization of Life Zones at Satipo District in the Tropics of Central Peru
Authors: Parra-Vásquez C , Suarez-Bravo K , Caballero-Salas R , Soto-Aquino V , Alvarez-Montalván C , Manrique S
Published: July 2022

At present, the life zones have undergone great changes due to anthropic activities, so the present study was carried out with the aim of identifying and characterizing the life zones of the Satipo district. The applied methodology was the Holdridge life zone classification, the meteorological variables were analyzed, the vegetation cover was identified, also using the ArcGIS, QGIS, ENVI and Microsoft Excel software, the data analysis and field information were processed. In the investigation of bioclimatic factors they show that there are four important determinants: annual biotemperature, mean annual accumulation, humidity provinces and attitudinal levels. Noticing the decline of forests, overpopulation, among others, many companies are choosing to reduce products that lead to the loss of life zones. In the district of Satipo, three life zones were identified and two of a transitory nature of the one hundred and twenty-three existing ones.
A Review – Home Renewable Energy Management Systems in Smart Grids
Authors: Kallio Sonja , Siroux Monica
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a review on the Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) for renewable energy production and used optimization methods. The HEMS is an important Smart Grid application. It is used to monitor and optimally manage the energy flows in buildings including renewable energy production, energy storage and smart home appliances. In this paper, two different methods for the optimal HEMS are selected and compared: Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Reinforcement Learning (RL). As a conclusion, the RL method can overcome the disadvantages of the MCP in the highly dynamic environment of buildings and renewable energies, and is a promising method for HEMS in Smart Grids. Finally, an experimental set-up of the hybrid renewable energy system is presented and its operation is discussed under the Time-of-Use energy management strategy.
Modelling of “Water-in-glass” Solar Water Heaters Installation
Authors: Gambade Julien , Noël Hervé , Glouannec Patrick , Magueresse Anthony
Published: July 2022

As part of the ICaRE4Farms European project, a model of a solar water heater installation has been developed. This model is intended to estimate thermal performance of a specific arrangement of several “Water-in-Glass” solar collectors. In this solar field, the WiG collectors are arranged either in serial or in parallel, thus requiring the creation of two models. In this paper, the serial Evacuated Tubes collector’s model is presented. The operational efficiency of a single in-series solar collector is expressed through a second-order expression in accordance with the ISO 9806-1. Its coefficients have been determined thanks to an optimization tool in order to compute thermal performance with reliability. In-situ data from a working installation were compared to simulated values. Two experimental sequences are presented: in May and in September 2021. Results showed that the model is reliable in terms of both collectors’ temperature and energy balance.
Simulating ON-OFF Regimes on a Micro-CHP Using Biomass
Authors: Voronca Stefan-Dominic , Siroux Monica , Darie George , Kallio Sonja
Published: July 2022

A micro-cogeneration biomass-based Stirling engine unit developed by the ÖkoFEN company has been tested to characterize its energetic performances. The stages of functioning have been described using polynomial equations in function of time, to accurately simulate ON-OFF regimes of functioning, in the context in which the micro-cogeneration unit would be part of a multi-country grid in accordance to the ACA-MODES Interreg program.