bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Focal Cortical Thickening along the Lateral Aspect of the Proximal Femoral Shaft: A Warning Radiographic Sign for Subsequent Complete Atypical Femoral Fracture in Patients on Bisphosphonates
Authors: Agrawal Sachin , Santosa Amelia
Published: May 2017

Atypical femoral fracture is a known complication of patients receiving long-term bisphosphonates for osteoporosis. Recognizing early radiographic features is important to provide timely care and management before the development of a more debilitating complete fracture with its associated morbidity and mortality. We report a case of a 72-year-old lady on long-term treatment with alendronate, who presented initially with groin pain and subsequently with a femoral fracture, without any major trauma. The initial radiographic finding of focal thickening along the lateral cortex of the proximal femur was missed.
Blue Eye Sign of Ectopic Pregnancy on Transvaginal Sonography Elastography
Authors: Phatak Suresh , Patange Neeraj
Published: May 2017

Sonoelastography is a recent advance in the field of sonography, which has got large number of indications. It is principally used in breast, thyroid, liver, and prostate for diagnosis of malignancy. New indications are also tried in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. We are here reporting a case of ectopic pregnancy, where classical “blue eye sign” is seen on sonoelastography.
A Rare Case of Choriocarcinoma following a Normal Pregnancy and Delivery
Authors: Hariharan C , Jajoo Shubhada , Khemka Anuradha
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Choriocarcinoma is one of the rarest entities encountered in routine obstetric practice. It is usually diagnosed when patient is symptomatic, presenting with either abnormal bleeding per vaginum or symptoms of distant metastases. The presentation of choriocarcinoma as secondary postpartum hemorrhage is a least common scenario. Choriocarcinoma is mostly seen following an abnormal pregnancy, either a partial or complete mole.

Case report: A 25-year-old para 3 live 3 patient presented with secondary postpartum hemorrhage on 4th week postpartum. She had two normal full-term vaginal deliveries that were uncomplicated with normal antenatal period. As she presented with secondary postpartum hemorrhage with the thought of retained products of conception, an emergency diagnostic dilatation and curettage was done. Histopathology was suggestive of gestational choriocarcinoma. Patient was given single regimen of methotrexate and subsequently decision of total abdominal hysterectomy was taken and patient was kept in close follow-up. Presently, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is below 2 mIU/mL.

Conclusion: The concern is the time interval or delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis with subsequent treatment. Although there are a number of reasons of postpartum hemorrhage, simple curettage for histological study and titer serum beta-hCG may lead to early diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Obstetricians and pathologists should have increased awareness regarding the consequences of choriocarcinoma.
Informed Consent in Obstetrics and Gynecology: Indian Scenario
Authors: Bhute Anupama
Published: May 2017

Informed consent is the process by which the treating health care provider discloses appropriate information to a competent patient so that the patient may make a voluntary choice to accept or refuse treatment. Or, in simple words, consent is agreement or permission to do or allow something. The element of consent is one of the critical issues in the area of medical treatment today. It is well known that the patient must give valid consent to medical treatment; and it is his or her prerogative to refuse treatment even if the said treatment will save their life. No doubt this raises many ethical debates and falls at the heart of medical law today. This study reviews the various provisions by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists for consent in obstetrics and gynecology as well as the Indian legal provisions in consent.
Translation from Chinese of Poems 1–9 from 'Wandering Spirit and Metaphysical Thoughts' by Gao Xingjian
Authors: Lee Mabel , Xingjian Gao
Published: May 2017

The 2000 Nobel Laureate for Literature, Gao Xingjian, suffered cardiac arrest while directing rehearsals for his mega-scale opera Snow in August that was due to premiere in late 2002 at the National Opera House, Taipei. He recovered, and the opera premiered as scheduled with the help of a co-director before he returned to Paris to direct the Comédie Français premiere of his Quatre quatuors pour un week-end. He underwent surgery in February and March of 2003, but was soon again back at work. The year 2003 had been designated “Gao Xingjian Year” by the City of Marseille, and he would direct his new play Le Quêteur de la Mort at Théâtre du Gymnase, and then his Snow in August at Opéra de Marseille. It was during rehearsals for the former that he collapsed again, and was hospitalized: the play was co-directed by Romain Bonnin, 23–26 September 2003. Large exhibitions of Gao’s artworks had been held earlier that year, but the performance of Snow in August was postponed. During his recuperation for most of 2004, he sometimes wrote poems, some of which he later polished or rewrote for his collection Wandering Spirit and Metaphysical Thoughts (2012).These translations from the Chinese into English of the first 9 poems in Wandering Spirit and Metaphysical Thoughts (2012) are by acclaimed translator Mabel Lee.
Flood risk reduction and flow buffering as ecosystem services – Part 2: Land use and rainfall intensity effects in Southeast Asia
Authors: van Noordwijk Meine , Tanika Lisa , Lusiana Betha
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Watersheds buffer the temporal pattern of river flow relative to the temporal pattern of rainfall. This ecosystem service is inherent to geology and climate, but buffering also responds to human use and misuse of the landscape. Buffering can be part of management feedback loops if salient, credible and legitimate indicators are used. The flow persistence parameter Fp in a parsimonious recursive model of river flow (Part 1, van Noordwijk et al., 2017) couples the transmission of extreme rainfall events (1 − Fp), to the annual base-flow fraction of a watershed (Fp). Here we compare Fp estimates from four meso-scale watersheds in Indonesia (Cidanau, Way Besai and Bialo) and Thailand (Mae Chaem), with varying climate, geology and land cover history, at a decadal timescale. The likely response in each of these four to variation in rainfall properties (including the maximum hourly rainfall intensity) and land cover (comparing scenarios with either more or less forest and tree cover than the current situation) was explored through a basic daily water-balance model, GenRiver. This model was calibrated for each site on existing data, before being used for alternative land cover and rainfall parameter settings. In both data and model runs, the wet-season (3-monthly) Fp values were consistently lower than dry-season values for all four sites. Across the four catchments Fp values decreased with increasing annual rainfall, but specific aspects of watersheds, such as the riparian swamp (peat soils) in Cidanau reduced effects of land use change in the upper watershed. Increasing the mean rainfall intensity (at constant monthly totals for rainfall) around the values considered typical for each landscape was predicted to cause a decrease in Fp values by between 0.047 (Bialo) and 0.261 (Mae Chaem). Sensitivity of Fp to changes in land use change plus changes in rainfall intensity depends on other characteristics of the watersheds, and generalisations made on the basis of one or two case studies may not hold, even within the same climatic zone. A wet-season Fp value above 0.7 was achievable in forest–agroforestry mosaic case studies. Inter-annual variability in Fp is large relative to effects of land cover change. Multiple (5–10) years of paired-plot data would generally be needed to reject no-change null hypotheses on the effects of land use change (degradation and restoration). Fp trends over time serve as a holistic scale-dependent performance indicator of degrading/recovering watershed health and can be tested for acceptability and acceptance in a wider social-ecological context.
Reflejos y reverberaciones de la guerra en la obra de Mircea Eliade: la Noche de San Juan y Doce mil cabezas de ganado
Authors: Damşescu Adrian
Published: May 2017

El propósito de este artículo es el de poner de relieve aspectos relacionadas con la Segunda Guerra Mundial en la obra literaria del escritor rumano Mircea Eliade, con especial hincapié en las dos obras del título, al contener estas el tema estudiado. Son creaciones de estilo diferente, la primera una novela épica de grandes dimensiones redactada en estilo realista, de tipo documental (al tener como fundamento acontecimientos autobiográficos), aunque con frecuentes incursiones en lo mítico, mientras la segunda es un relato fantástico de apenas unas páginas; lo que las une es la descripción del atroz bombardeo americano sobre Bucarest del Domingo de Pascua del año 1944. A este trágico acontecimiento se han referido también otros autores, como el escritor contemporáneo Gabriel Stan en su libro El Quinto Mosquetero, quien lo describe de forma muy plástica en unos párrafos que he incorporado parcialmente al final del artículo.
Guest Workers and Resistance to U.S. Corporate Despotism
Authors: Ness Immanuel
Published: May 2017

This book thoroughly investigates the use of guest workers in the United States, the largest recipient of migrant labor in the world. The book argues that the use of migrant labor is increasing in importance and represents despotic practices calculated by key U.S. business leaders in the global economy to lower labor costs and expand profits under the guise of filling a shortage of labor for substandard or scarce skilled jobs. The book shows how worker migration and guest worker programs weaken the power of labor in both sending and receiving countries. The in-depth case studies of the rapid expansion of technology and industrial workers from India and hospitality workers from Jamaica reveal how these programs expose guest workers to employers' abuses and class tensions in their home countries while decreasing jobs for American workers and undermining U.S. organized labor. Where other studies of labor migration focus on undocumented immigrant labor and contend immigrants fill jobs that others do not want, this is the first to truly advance understanding of the role of migrant labor in the transformation of the working class in the early twenty-first century. Questioning why global capitalists must rely on migrant workers for economic sustenance, the book rejects the notion that temporary workers enthusiastically go to the United States for low-paying jobs. Instead, the book asserts the motivations for improving living standards in the United States are greatly exaggerated by the media and details the ways organized labor ought to be protecting the interests of American and guest workers in the United States.
From the Fanzines to the Prozines
Authors: Eller Jonathan R.
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on Ray Bradbury's transition from editing and writing for fanzines to making contributions to prozines. Bradbury's close encounters with the performing arts reached a high point during 1940, and for a time these activities restricted his writing schedule. But most of his attention remained focused on writing and the literary marketplace. Thanks to his work as a fanzine editor, he learned some lessons about magazine design, marketing, and editorial acquisition. With the help of Forry Ackerman and the artistic contributions of Hannes Bok, Bradbury had put together one of the better-designed fanzines of the day. He also learned how to invite professional writers to discuss the status and future of science fiction. This chapter considers Bradbury's early work for various prozines between 1939 and 1941 and the sale of his story, “The Pendulum,” to Super Science Stories, making him a paid professional for the first time.
At the Top
Authors: Short Simine
Published: May 2017

This chapter details events following Octave Chanute's appointment as chief engineer of Erie Railway in February 1873. He also assumed additional duties as the assistant general superintendent and superintendent of motive power and rolling stock, weathering corruption, labor disturbance, rate discrimination, bankruptcies, and ever-increasing regulation in an atmosphere of cutthroat competition. Chanute also designed a bridge to connect Bradford, Pennsylvania, with the mainline in the north across the Kinzua Creek's deep ravine. This 302-foot-tall viaduct, with its single track, was Chanute's most spectacular bridge. Its bold design was of fascinating beauty, and the airy structure, with its elegant uprights, did not look as strong as it actually was. To watch a fully loaded coal train move over this “unsafe” looking viaduct was a curious spectacle, telling a triumphant tale of modern engineering.
“A Legally Unmarried Race”
Authors: Chakkalakal Tess
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the tension between slavery and freedom that distinguishes the form of Frances Harper's fiction. Harper's antislavery activism went hand in hand with her critique of marriage, so that—following abolition—her critique took a not unexpected turn toward racial uplift. By examining the significance of Harper's principle of marriage as “an affinity of souls” in relation to the abolitionist principles she espoused, this chapter examines her rediscovered stories first published in the Christian Recorder. These stories reveal a tension between the material benefits and spiritual costs of marriage, particularly to the public aspirations of her female heroes. Understanding the broad scope of her fiction allows readers to grasp the precariousness of Harper's political position as a free, black, and unmarried woman in the mid-nineteenth century.
Misunderstanding in Moscow
Authors: de Beauvoir Simone
Published: May 2017

She looked up from her book. How irritating all these old refrains on non-communication were! If we really want to communicate, we manage to do so more or less successfully. Not with everyone, of course, but with two or three people. André was sitting in the seat next to her, reading a thriller. She kept from him certain moods, some regrets, some little worries; doubtless he, too, had his own little secrets. But, by and large, there was nothing that they did not know about each other. She glanced through the plane window: dark forests and pale grassland stretching as far as one could see. How many times had they forged forward together, by train, by plane, by boat, sitting side by side, with books in their hands? There would still be many occasions when they would glide silently side by side over the sea, the earth and the air. This moment had the sweetness of a memory and the brightness of a promise. Were they thirty, or sixty? André’s hair had turned white quite early, and at one time the snowy white color that enhanced his fresh but matte complexion seemed stylish. It was still stylish. His skin had hardened and become lined, rather like old leather, but the smile at his mouth ...
We Are the Union
Authors: Cloud Dana L.
Published: May 2017

This book engages union reformers at Boeing in Wichita and Seattle to reveal how ordinary workers attempted to take command of their futures by chipping away at the cozy partnership between union leadership and corporate management. Focusing on the 1995 strike at Boeing, the book renders a multi-layered account of the battles between the company and the union and within the union led by Unionists for Democratic Change and two other dissident groups. The book gives voice to the company's claims of the hardships of competitiveness the entrenched union leaders' calls for concessions in the name of job security, alongside the democratic union reformers' fight for a rank-and-file upsurge against both the company and the union leaders. Incorporating theory and methods from the fields of organizational communication as well as labor studies, the book methodically uncovers and analyzes the goals, strategies, and dilemmas of the dissidents who, while wanting to uphold the ideas and ideals of the union, took up the gauntlet to make it more responsive to workers and less conciliatory toward management, especially in times of economic stress or crisis.
Carrying the Memory of Agitation
Authors: Cloud Dana L.
Published: May 2017

This chapter presents an exchange between the author and Keith Thomas, which both have referred to as a “postmortem” on Unionists for Democratic Change. The exchange was edited and compiled from two conversations: The first is a recorded interview between Cloud and Thomas in Wichita, Kansas, on July 17, 2001, the evening after a small demonstration at the union hall earlier that afternoon; the second source is a series of letters exchanged in summer 2006. Here Thomas complicates the author's arguments that mistakes and misdirected focus were to blame for the decline of the union democracy movement at Boeing. His observations will also encourage readers to understand the limitations of the movement in the contexts of the real lives of activists set against a renewed employer's offensive and a very powerful and change-resistant union bureaucracy.
Under Press-ure
Authors: Boyd Herb
Published: May 2017

This chapter considers the role of the Black press and, to a more limited extent, the Latino press in Obama's campaign. Given his desire to transcend race and ethnicity yet his need to mobilize Black and Latino voters, this specialized press played a key role in the campaign. Before Obama became the forty-fourth President of the United States, his campaign was viewed in three major ways by the media: There were those who cheered him along; those uncertain what to make of him but who retained a tame, mainstream, “wait and see” perspective; and those whose views ranged from “critically supportive” to firmly opposed. Since his election, there has been little change in these assessments, though at this time there is a clearer delineation between those for and against Obama in the mainstream media as they gather a better understanding of his pragmatic tendencies on policy and issues.
The Pimp and Coward
Authors: Mitchell Koritha
Published: May 2017

This chapter demonstrates that, as a genre, lynching drama challenges the assumption that men establish literary traditions and women revise them. Black male authors entered the genre in 1925, and they revised the conventions being developed by women. Women's plays present the home as the lynch victim, portraying its “castration” as the moment when the honorable black man is removed. However, male dramatists depict homes that seem “castrated” even when husbands, fathers, and uncles survive because they become immoral and cowardly to avoid the mob's wrath. The chapter argues that the pimp and coward emerge to mark the community conversation's acknowledgement that their perspectives matter as African Americans grapple with the contradictions of living with lynching.
2. “A Strange Reverse of Fortune”
Authors: Grivno Max
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the causes of a transformation in labor arrangements during the 1810s and 1820s and considers why many of northern Maryland's farmers and planters abandoned slavery and embraced free labor. A variety of national as well as local economic, legal, and political forces conspired against indentured servitude in the decades following the revolution, thus obliterating an important halfway house between slavery and free labor. Without indentured servitude, labor arrangements were increasingly divided into a dichotomy of slavery and free labor. The strains on northern Maryland's economy during the lean years that followed the end of the Napoleonic Wars widened the chasm between slavery and free labor.
Changing of the Guard
Authors: Armfield Felix L.
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses Eugene Kinckle Jones's resignation from the position of executive secretary of the Urban League in 1940 and his assumption of the title of general secretary until 1950, as well as the profound changes to the social-work paradigm that occurred during this period. Following the Great Depression, the complexity of state and federal intervention drastically changed social-work programs. Particularly following the adoption of the Social Security Act in 1935, many social reformers, black and white, began looking to government- rather than community-initiated relief. By the 1930s, there was a gradual move away from the community settlement-house concept toward the establishment of government welfare agencies. The chapter concludes with an overview of Jones's work and life from 1940 until his retirement in 1950.
The Forgotten Legacy of Shirley Chisholm
Authors: Hunter Tera W.
Published: May 2017

This chapter sets up the basic dilemma of the Democratic primary contest: how would the competition between an African American man and a white woman affect the liberal coalition of African Americans, white liberals, feminists, and organized labor in place since the 1970s? It decries the deterioration of the Democratic race into a debate over which group, African Americans or women, was more aggrieved and reminds us of the historical consequences of division. Recounting key events from the Civil War era, the chapter argues that the Democratic Party would do better to recall instead the legacy of Shirley Chisholm, who in 1972 ran a principled campaign for president on a platform of antiracist, antisexist, pro-labor, and pro-peace policies.
The Genius of Genre and the Ingenuity of Women
Authors: Gaines Jane M.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines a two-minute melodrama by silent cinema director-producer, Alice Guy Blaché, and demonstrates several of its entry points for—mutually exclusive—readings. Crucially, such readings depend on familiar generically gendered possibilities. Thus, against feminism's assertion of difference, rethinking gender as generic foregrounds the role of repetition and its dynamic of expectation. It is here that the woman filmmaker can work. Her “ingenuity” lies in responding to the “genius” of genre's play with expectation, working out of the past to stage permutations for future imaginings. Perhaps the true irony on which Blaché's film turns is the impossible choice between mother and fiancée posed not only for the hero but for female spectators—a type of binary thinking elucidated in the film's generic play and which feminism now challenges.
Four Sufi Muslim Genres in Minangkabau
Authors: Kartomi Margaret
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines four genres of Muslim-associated performing arts in Minangkabau: indang, salawek dulang, dikia Mauluik, and dabuih. Indang is a song-dance performed by a row of men or women in duduak (“sitting,” actually half-kneeling) position with rhythmic body movement, clapping, and frame-drum playing. Salawek dulang is performed by a pair of alternating male solo singers, each of whom accompany themselves on a brass percussion tray (dulang). Dikia Mauluik is a group vocal-instrumental form with mostly Sufi-oriented Muslim song texts based on dikia texts that are sung with body exercises and frame-drum accompaniment in the month of the Prophet's birth. Dabuihis a ritual form involving acts of self-harm as a demonstration of one's faith and physical invulnerability from pain (and sometimes in the colonial era in Aceh, readiness for battle). The chapter first considers the early history of Minangkabau Islam before discussing the styles, content, and history of eachof the four musical genres.
Frustration
Authors: Caps John
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on Mancini's work on the large-scale space alien film Lifeforce (1985). Mancini's handwritten sketches for his score to the film reveals how important the job was to him, coming at this stage of his career. At last someone was offering him the kind of blockbuster science fiction epic that John Williams, Jerry Goldsmith, and even the young guys like James Horner (Brainstorm [1984]) and Alan Silvestri (The Abyss [1989]) were getting. With Lifeforce he might join the new ruling class of film composers on its own terms. However, the film was being supervised by Cannon Pictures, part of the infamous movie brokerage firm the Cannon Group. They had made their money by funding quick and cheap genre films on a one-time basis, turning a profit by almost immediately handing them over to their video-release branch. It was decided that Lifeforce would be chopped down to a more manageable length and into a form where most of the long reflective or descriptive visual sequences would be truncated. Along with them, their music had to go.
The Sovereign Nation of Baseball
Authors: Nathanson Mitchell
Published: May 2017

This chapter talks about how baseball “magnates” relished every opportunity afforded them to demonstrate the superiority of their game and, as a natural extension, themselves. As they were to discover, once they finally established their game as a metaphor of America, there was seemingly no end to the institutions looking to catch on to them, much as they once tugged on the coattails of the WASP elites. All manner of establishments were eager to defer to baseball, to revel in the overt patriotism of the game as a way of either defining themselves or proving their nationalistic spirit. Throughout the twentieth century, among the game's ardent cheerleaders were the federal judiciary and legislature, which, either through fear or admiration, repeatedly refused to challenge the superiority of baseball, much as they cowered from other powerful institutions.
Going Beyond the New Deal
Authors: Stanley Timothy
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses the continued importance of a wide range of left politics as late as the 1970s in national politics. It shows how social democrats were able to infiltrate the Democratic Party in the post-Vietnam era and to move its domestic policy in a dramatically leftward direction. Operating in a period of fiscal restraint and rising conservatism, the chapter illustrates that even members of the American Left were prepared to play up to conservative and mainstream ideas and images to sell their revolutionary policies. They borrowed the language of the tax revolt and the New Deal to appeal to the floating blue-collar voter. However, their attempt to introduce European-style party control over policy proved counterproductive.
Nashville Washboard Band
Authors: Wade Stephen
Published: May 2017

This chapter describes the recordings of the Nashville Washboard Band. In the spring of 1942 Fisk University music professor John W. Work III welcomed a quartet of street musicians called the Nashville Washboard Band into his home. This visit marked the first of two. The second took place that July when the group, bringing along a fifth player, returned to make their sole recordings. The group was a frequent sight in downtown Nashville, playing less than a hundred feet from the War Memorial Auditorium, where the Grand Ole Opry broadcast its weekly radio show. When not stationed there or beside the Andrew Jackson Hotel nearby, they entertained the lunchtime crowd that gathered on the south steps of the state capitol. The group's four principal members all lived within walking distance of these spots where they toted their largely climate-resistant instruments. They also offered a repertory bound to pique the attention of passersby.
Child Care in Black and White
Authors: Ramey Jessie B.
Published: May 2017

This innovative study examines the development of institutional child care from 1878 to 1929, based on a comparison of two “sister” orphanages in Pittsburgh: the all-white United Presbyterian Orphan's Home and the all-black Home for Colored Children. Drawing on quantitative analysis of the records of more than 1,500 children living at the two orphanages, as well as census data, city logs, and contemporary social science surveys, this study raises new questions about the role of child care in constructing and perpetrating social inequality in the United States.The book explores how working families shaped institutional child care. The term “child care” is used to mean assistance with the daily labor of caring for children; and specifically in the case of orphanages, parents' tactic of placing their children temporarily in institutions with the intention of retrieving them after a relatively short time. The book argues that the development of institutional child care was premised upon and rife with gender, race, and class inequities—these persistent ideologies had consequences for the evolution of social welfare and modern child care.
A Yearning for Freedom
Authors: Rivers Larry Eugene
Published: May 2017

This chapter illustrates how bondpersons constituted valuable property that most owners intended to preserve and exploit. In that endeavor, many, if not most, individuals who possessed human property were prepared to take whatever measures they found necessary. However, the measures taken to undergird slavery proved unable to extinguish the greater desire embodied in the yearning for freedom. Surviving evidence shows that enslaved workers often ran because of brutal treatment received from masters, overseers, and drivers, although it is less clear whether that brutal treatment arose as a cause or as a response to flight. The marks of whippings were suggestive of terrorism and brutality inflicted on the bondservants and a reason for many of them absconding.
In Search of Kinfolk and Loved Ones
Authors: Rivers Larry Eugene
Published: May 2017

This chapter analyzes one of slavery′s most unfortunate aspects, the separation of family and kinfolk. In their dream to regain what they had lost in the Upper South, elite planter families and less well-to-do farmers sought honor, independence, and wealth by forcibly uprooting their bondservants and moving them to the Lower South, where cheap, fertile land could be found in which to grow cotton and other cash crops. By separating family members and destroying the slave family in order to realize their own dreams and hopes, however, Florida slaveholders set the stage for bondservant flight aimed at reunion with kinfolk and loved ones. It is worth noting that relocation involving separation of loved ones and kinfolk did not touch enslaved Floridians only at the outset of the territorial era in 1821 and the years immediately following.
Introduction
Authors: Kruks Sonia
Published: May 2017

In the late 1940s, Simone de Beauvoir, Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and other members of the team that edited the journal, Les temps modernes, advocated what they called a “third way” in politics: they sought to develop a democratic socialist path, to delineate a middle way between capitalism and Soviet-style communism. Given this project, the journal was anti-American but also kept a certain distance from the Communists, offering them only what it described as “critical support.” However, with the hardening of the lines of the Cold War, notably after the outbreak of hostilities in Korea in 1950 (which brought growing fears of a nuclear war), Sartre became convinced that no effective political space remained for a “third way.” From 1952, when he wrote the first part of ...
Introduction
Authors: Porter Cecelia Hopkins
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter questions the prevailing outlook (at the time) that “women's place is in the home,” in particular addressing the conception that certain forms of creativity are gendered. It emphasizes the importance of expanding the perceptions of the general public about the opportunities, restraints, and accomplishments of talented women in music—perceptions that have been warped by a “cultural amnesia” that leads women to think that they have toiled alone, living with the assumption that their art, even its sublime heights, has been practiced through past centuries only by men. The chapter considers the causes of this cultural amnesia, before concluding with brief biographies on the five women to be discussed in the succeeding chapters.
Bridging Race and Peace
Authors: Austin Allan W.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the American Interracial Peace Committee (AIPC), a determined effort to link interracial work with the peace activism. Created in early 1927 and almost wholly subsidized by the American Friends Service Committee's (AFSC) money, personnel, and ideas, the AIPC built on the efforts of the Interracial Section in directly addressing racism through the education of individuals. Even more ambitiously, it hoped to combine race activism and peace work into a seamless effort. Run on a shoestring budget during trying financial times and constantly plagued by interpersonal strife, the short-lived AIPC carried the Service Committee's race work for four tumultuous years. Indeed, after the demise of the Interracial Section, the AIPC became the Service Committee's primary means of interracial activism.
Refugees from Abroad and at Home
Authors: Austin Allan W.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the work of the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) in the wake of World War II. Even before the United States officially entered the war, waves of refugees from the European conflict pushed the AFSC to act, and it established hostels to help the newcomers adjust to their new lives in America. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, AFSC activists found themselves faced with a second refugee problem—this time internal migrants as Japanese Americans incarcerated in American concentration camps looked to resettle in the Midwest and East. Again reflecting the AFSC's understanding of race as a multifaceted, global issue, its efforts to create hostels to help both European and Japanese American refugees reveal the continued evolution of Friendly ideas about race, ethnicity, and assimilation in the United States as Quakers increasingly responded to these wartime crises with less direct solutions aimed at overcoming job and housing discrimination.
The Black International
Authors: Messer-Kruse Timothy
Published: May 2017

This chapter recounts the origins of the anarchist version of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA), commonly known as the “Black International.” It charts the arrival of Dr. Edward Nathan-Ganz, the first public advocate in America of a new revolutionary creed, and the 1881 “National Socialistic-Revolutionary Congress.” The chapter shows how, since Nathan-Ganz's arrival, a new movement of revolutionary anarchism had organized out of the ashes of the Socialist Labor Party. Unlike socialist or anarchist movements in America's past, however, leaders of this movement viewed neither the ballot box nor the trade union as having the capacity to redeem capitalism. Instead, all practical measures were directed at one end—sparking or aiding the mass insurrection of the working class.
The Beginnings (1946–48)
Authors: Surdam David George
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the origins of the BAA, which was fraught with disappointment and difficulties. The nascent BAA sought the two advantages of territorial rights and the reserve clause that other professional team sports league owners possessed, but the league faced competition from an incumbent league—the National Basketball League (NBL). The two basketball leagues contested just one or two cities and were largely able to avoid a ruinous bidding war for players, including graduating college talent. This low level of strife was unique to professional basketball and may have contributed to the eventual success of those teams that survived. The BAA owners also made crucial decisions regarding revenue sharing, team salary caps, and differentiating their product from the college game.
Unraveling the Narratives of Nostalgia
Authors: M’Closkey Kathy
Published: May 2017

For decades, researchers have investigated the impact of market economies on indigenous peoples' lifeways and natural resources. This chapter reveals how incorporation of Navajo pastoralists into the American wool and livestock markets via the trading-post system initiated a turning point in Diné history. The passage of the Dawes Act in 1887, triggered the loss of over 80 million acres of tribal lands and ultimately impoverished thousands of Native Americans. That same year, revisions proposed to the wool tariff initiated a change in federal policy that ultimately held profound consequences for Navajo woolgrowers and weavers. Although their reservation was periodically enlarged to accommodate the need for increased grazing lands, Navajos' livelihood was significantly compromised. As livestock owners and weavers, Navajo women were doubly disadvantaged by changes in the domestic wool tariff coupled with patriarchal assumptions that obliterated their contributions to subsidizing the reservation economy from 1880 to World War II.
Response
Authors: Foley John Miles
Published: May 2017

This chapter reviews five critiques provided for the manuscript of the Pathways Project book as well as the author's own responses to these. These comments and suggestions have led to additions, subtractions, and revisions that have substantially improved the Pathways Project as a whole; and the interactive exchanges featured in this chapter will hopefully continue on in the Pathways Project website. The five critiques concern: the thoroughness of the “further reading” section, the limits on the oral tradition–internet technology correspondence, the fact that texts do support and encourage a variety of interpretation that parallels user-driven activities in the oAgora and eAgora, the source of authority in each of the three agoras or verbal marketplaces, and the problem with universal access to eMedia.
The Accordion in New Scores
Authors: Jacobson Marion S.
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the work of contemporary composer and accordionist William Schimmel and his experimental use of the piano accordion. Schimmel's somewhat odd choice of instrument—which is not an accepted “concert instrument,” from the music academy's point of view—unshackles him from some classic compositional constraints, giving him the freedom to explore the piano accordion's unique tonalities and textures. Schimmel's interpretations not only give a new voice to classic works but release meanings hitherto concealed by strict adherence to the musical score. By opening up new possibilities for the potential of the accordion to signify “avant-garde,” Schimmel clearly walks on new shores.
Sathima Bea Benjamin
Authors: Muller Carol
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the life and career of Sathima Bea Benjamin, who grew up in Cape Town, South Africa, during the transition to apartheid in the 1940s. Taking melodies she heard on her grandmother's radio, Sathima developed her own jazz singing voice, weaving in her own compositions. With a life embedded in an awareness of race and gender, she left for Europe in 1962. Her migratory lifestyle took her through tours in Europe, supporting her husband musician and caring for her daughters, to her own career development in New York City as a jazz singer with her own trio—where she continues to record, create, and perform. Sathima's vocality and life-stories reveal risks, freedoms, and creative processes as she creates a counternarrative to the discourses of masculinity in jazz.
Afterword
Authors: Koskoff Ellen
Published: May 2017

This concluding chapter explains how each of the articles in this collection illustrates an individual woman doing the work of feminism—that is, creating strategies that enable her to perform various identities, often in conjunction with so-called traditional ones, that resist and critique issues of gender within her specific context. Stripped of its theory, feminism is simply living a life guided by resistance to inherited or imposed gender norms, as found in specific cultural and historical moments. Feminist acts become political, in the sense of conscious activism, when they are explicit and public, voiced with the goal of social change. But, as feminists often remind people, every social act is political in some sense; how conscious the actor is of performing a political act, however, can vary considerably.
Progressive Mothers
Authors: Castledine Jacqueline
Published: May 2017

This chapter demonstrates how a host of social justice causes remain at the core of U.S. leftist women's postwar activism, including civil rights and women's equality, and more importantly, peace. Response to their attempts to push the boundaries of good mothering to include such endeavors as political organizing and peace activism suggests the difficulties they would face balancing the personal and the political in the immediate postwar era. The experiences of a group of Progressive Party organizers working across the nation at both national and local levels shows how their determination to continue working for leftist causes, while also performing their social roles as mothers, wives, daughters, and waged workers, was increasingly complicated by domestic reaction to international events.
“Battleships, Atom Bombs, and Lynch Ropes”
Authors: Castledine Jacqueline
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores how the founding of the Progressive Party (PP) in 1948 was a significant milestone in the lives of Eslanda Goode Robeson, Shirley Graham, and Charlotta Bass, helping to mark their evolution from social activists to public intellectuals. Their success in uniting race and gender emancipation ideologies and connecting them to world peace with the support of mixed-sex, racially integrated organizations complicates critiques that nationalist movements have historically discouraged women's attempts to address feminist concerns. Furthermore, the work of these women in the PP, and in organizations like the Council on African Affairs (CAA) and the Sojourners for Truth and Justice, demonstrates a comprehensive strategy to operate within both political and social movements in an attack against the dehumanizing effects of white supremacy and for the promise of global peace.
Epilogue
Authors: Mirchandani Sharon
Published: May 2017

This epilogue reflects on Marga Richter's music, suggesting that her zest for living, coupled with her dedication to her art, makes her a role model for younger composers and performers. As she takes old age in stride, Richter has not thought of retiring and remains focused on composition. She continues to spend summers in Vermont and enjoys the beauty around her and visiting with professional colleagues, friends, and family. This epilogue describes Richter's musical style, which has remained fairly constant throughout her life, and argues that her works are characterized by dissonance, slowly unfolding free forms, ostinatos and layering, and a loose tonality. It also considers Richter's ties with feminism and her views on gender roles.
Catching Up
Authors: Regalado Samuel O.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the scope of Nikkei baseball in the aftermath of the Second World War. Re-entry into mainstream society proved challenging for much of the Nikkei community, particularly as anti-Japanese sentiments were still smoldering in the wake of the conflict. For a time Nikkei baseball came to a virtual halt as the Japanese American community attempted to rebuild their lives. Yet both the sport and the Nikkei community would undergo a dramatic shift as the postwar years wore on, such as Jackie Robinson's entry into the Major League as its first black player. Nikkei baseball would soon thrive again, and with its revival came several prominent Nikkei baseball players who would finally build that longed-for bridge between the Japanese American community and the rest of the nation.
Trouble
Authors: Rondinone Troy
Published: May 2017

This chapter describes the other women in Gaspar Ortega's life. His wife Ida learned that Gaspar had begat another child, and even worse, that his parents and siblings had known about the other woman and had purposely kept it a secret from her. The other woman's name was Dalila Perez, who first met Gaspar during the Independence Day celebration in Tijuana on September 15, 1956. Gaspar also became involved with legendary Mexican singer Amalia Mendoza when he was just starting to date Ida. Affairs would be ongoing throughout Gaspar's marriage. When Ida found something out, Gaspar would always come to her, crying for forgiveness. He had been raised Catholic, and he knew that adultery was a sin. Yet he constantly faced adoring women who threw themselves at him. He could never seem to turn them away. Though Ida inevitably forgave him his transgressions, she made it clear that if Gaspar ever decided to leave her and the kids for another woman, he would not be welcome back in her house.
Race, Sex, and Riot
Authors: Blocker Jack S.
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses racially motivated lynching and rioting in the Midwest, identifying the social coordinates of collective racial violence in Springfield, Ohio, in 1904 and 1906. Race riots represent only one form of antiblack violence. More common and widespread throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was lynching, which is usually defined as an illegal group action causing the death of a person or persons under the pretext of service to justice or tradition. Lynching has been more intensively studied than race riots, strikes, political mobs, and other modes of violence and conflict across racial lines. Authors of lynching studies have portrayed this form of antiblack violence as arising from interaction between African American aspirations and behavior and white repression.
For the Dignity and Honor of the Theatrical Profession
Authors: Holmes Sean P.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the Actors' Equity Association's (AEA) campaign to raise the status of the acting community by cleansing it of its long-standing reputation for immorality. It focuses in the first instance on the efforts of Equity leaders to improve the collective image of actors by persuading the Methodist Church to lift its ban on commercial amusements and taking newspapers to task for reinforcing the association that existed in the public mind between acting and criminality. Its primary concern, however, was with the internal dimension of the campaign. It takes as its starting point the AEA's crusade against the excessive consumption of alcohol, a practice that straddled not only the divide between the legal and the extralegal but also the ill-defined line between the public sphere and the private sphere. It argues that accusations of drunkenness often functioned as a pretext for disciplining those performers whose sexual habits were at odds with the so-called civilized morality embraced by the leadership of the AEA—that is, “promiscuous” women and homosexual men. Even as the theater as a cultural institution was helping to redraw the boundaries of propriety in American society, the AEA was seeking to bind the men and women of the legitimate stage to a moral code that was rooted in increasingly outmoded notions of respectability.
Orphans
Authors: Jockers Matthew L.
Published: May 2017

This book has argued that what we have today in terms of literary and textual material and computational power represents a moment of revolution for literary studies. It has discussed the limitations of close reading as a solitary method of literary inquiry, proposing instead large-scale text analysis and text mining via the macroanalytic approach for contextualizing our study of individual works of literature. In conclusion, the author offers a few thoughts on digital preservation, orphan works, and future prospects for macroanalysis. He cites the challenges that must be addressed with respect to digitization of texts, focusing in particular on the legal issues surrounding copyright and how they force scholars wishing to study the literary record at scale to ignore almost everything that has been published since 1923. He also cites examples of positive developments in this regard, including the HathiTrust digital repository and the Book Genome Project.