bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment And Prevention Of Periodontitis In The Early Stages Of The Disease
Authors: Muidinova Barno Askarovna
Published: January 2025

An analysis of the results of a dental examination in Andijan region (2017–2019) showed a high prevalence of signs of periodontal tissue damage. In these conditions, emphasis is needed on the active introduction of prevention at the individual level and the establishment of new forms of organization of specialized periodontic care.
The Role Of Local Medications In Treating Purulent Wounds On The Lower Extremities
Authors: Abdusalomov Bekhzodjon Alisher ogli
Published: January 2025

Study of the effect of the new drug Reomannisol on endogenous intoxication and wound healing, taking morphological aspects into the complex treatment of experimental diabetic foot syndrome
Pengaruh Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR Disclosure) Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2019 - 2023
Authors: La Ode Risman  , Mulyati Akib
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap nilai perusahaan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan pertambangan Sektor Energi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2019-2023. Indeks Corporate Social Responsibility mengikuti pedoman dari Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)-G4. Tobin’s Q digunakan sebagai proksi untuk nilai perusahaan. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regrsi data panel dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 11 perusahaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa  pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan.
Employee Engagement And Leader-Member Exchange Form Organizational Commitment And Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Can It Be Achieved For Employees Who Work While Studying?
Authors: Hayati Diana , Rifani Ahmad
Published: January 2025

This study aims to explore the relationship between employee engagement (EE) and leader-member exchange (LMX) in shaping organizational Commitment (OC) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among employees who work while studying. Data was collected from 291 respondents who had worked for at least 1 year in various sectors. Using the Structural Equation Modeling  approach, the results of the study showed that employees who had a high level of engagement and good relationships with leaders tended to show a higher commitment to the organization and a higher OCB. Based on the results of the study, five direct influences produce positive and significant numbers, namely EE against OC, EE against OCB, LMX against OC, LMX against OCB and OC against OCB. The indirect influence of EE on OCB through OC also produces a positive and significant, meaning that OC plays a role in mediating the influence of EE on OCB. The indirect impact of LMX variables on OCB through OC is also positive and significant, meaning that OC mediates the influence of LMX on OCB.
Islamic Religious Education and Socio-Emotional Competency Development: A Case Study in an Elementary School
Authors: Chusyairi Kholil , Utomo Widodo Febri , Jumadi Jumadi
Published: January 2025

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays an important role in character building and the development of students' social-emotional competence in elementary schools. This study aims to explore the contribution of PAI in shaping students' social-emotional competence through the integration of religious values, such as empathy, compassion, and tolerance. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study involved 10 students, 5 PAI teachers, and 5 parents in an urban Islamic-based elementary school. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and documentation, and then analyzed using thematic methods. The results showed that PAI teaching plays a significant role in improving students' social skills, such as the ability to cooperate, manage emotions, and resolve conflicts. PAI teachers as role models play an important role in this process, while faith-based extracurricular activities strengthen the application of social values such as discipline and empathy. Nonetheless, challenges in integrating religious values with students' social-emotional competencies include lack of family support, time constraints, and variations in understanding between teachers and students. This study recommends the need for more intensive teacher training as well as collaboration between schools, families, and communities to improve the effectiveness of PAI learning in developing students' social-emotional competencies.
Typography as a means of image enhancement in wartime patriotic graphic creations in Ukraine (2022-2024)
Authors: Melnyk Oksana , Shtets Viktor
Published: January 2025

The relevance of this study lies in the necessity of analysing the role of typography as a visual communication tool in the works of creative resistance in Ukraine under wartime conditions. The purpose of this research was to examine the compositional, artistic, and formal techniques in the typography of patriotic graphic works within Ukraine’s visual information space during the period of Russian military aggression. These techniques aim to strengthen national identity, support patriotic sentiment, and foster social unity. The study revealed that, in wartime realities, the creation of direct and easily recognisable visual representations of a patriotic, manifestational, or descriptive nature becomes increasingly significant. Such representations are designed to draw public attention to the needs and activities of the armed forces, boost societal morale, and document important events. This niche in visual communication design has been dominated by informational and motivational graphics on military themes, created as swift responses to daily events. The artistic language of these works employs a diverse range of stylistic and compositional tools. Patriotic graphics convey messages rooted in both contemporary visual culture and historically established symbolic imagery. Typography plays a crucial role in these messages by delivering specific information, articulating slogans or calls to action, and complementing visual content. These typographic elements form an integral part of the composition, enhancing the impact of the visual creation through their formal, compositional, and artistic characteristics, such as typeface, size, placement, and colour. The practical significance of this research resides in its applicability to developing visual and communication strategies for creating effective patriotic, social, and promotional materials in crisis situations
UMUMTA’LIM MAKTABLARIDA NASRIY ASARLARNI O‘QITISHNING BUGUNGI HOLATI
Authors: Norqulov Nurzod
Published: January 2025

In the article, the current state of teaching classical prose works in the cross section of classes in today's secondary schools, the importance of classical prose works in youth education, the current state of classical prose works in textbooks are subject to analysis.
SURXON VOHASIDA SOG‘LIQNI SAQLASH TIZIMI VA MUAMMOLARI (1925-1941 yillar)
Authors: Isayev Oybek
Published: January 2025

With the establishment of covet power in our country, in the first half of the 20th century, many measures were implemented in the healthcare system throughout the Union. Although the health care service in the Surkhan oasis is practically available, problems and shortcomings are few and far between.
EL IMPACTO DEL SALARIO DIGNO EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA DEL TRABAJADOR – UN ANÁLISIS JURÍDICO Y ECONÓMICO
Authors: Jaramillo Diana Patricia Acosta-feldman
Published: January 2025

Este estudio examina cómo el salario digno influye en la calidad de vida de los trabajadores desde un enfoque jurídico y económico. Se analizan las implicaciones legales de establecer un salario digno en Ecuador y su relación con los derechos fundamentales del trabajo. Asimismo, se aborda su impacto económico en la productividad, la inclusión social y el bienestar general. A través de un marco metodológico integral, se presenta un análisis crítico de las políticas salariales, incluyendo estudios de caso nacionales e internacionales. Este trabajo concluye con recomendaciones prácticas para promover un salario digno que garantice una mayor equidad social y desarrollo sostenible.
ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL EM CONTEXTOS RURAIS
Authors: Brasil Ivana Claudia da Cruz
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this study was to analyze the importance of teaching the English language to children in rural areas who have not yet learned to read and write, and to verify the best teaching approaches for these students. In addition, information was gathered through bibliographical research, with a view to understanding the various aspects involved in this topic, such as the advantages and disadvantages of this process, teacher training and the difficulties faced by students. The final considerations point out that there are more advantages than disadvantages about learning the English language for illiterate children and that, consequently, the teacher and the family have a great responsibility in this process.

KEYWORDS: Teaching; English language; Child education.
Resgate das políticas públicas de combate ao trabalho infantil no Brasil
Authors: Arruda Kátia Magalhães , Duailibe Mônica Damous
Published: January 2025

A análise das políticas públicas existentes no Brasil é essencial para a eliminação do trabalho precoce, mas é importante também compreender sua estreita ligação com causas materiais que precisam ser enfrentadas. A redução significativa do trabalho infantil entre 2004 e 2015 demonstra esse fato, pois as políticas públicas direcionadas para o seu enfrentamento foram implementadas num contexto de crescimento econômico, atrelado ao desenvolvimento social, sobretudo ao fortalecimento das políticas e programas de assistência social e educação, e à melhoria das condições gerais de trabalho, inclusive com o aumento da formalização e a elevação real do salário mínimo. Esse ambiente de incremento do PIB e a melhor estruturação do mercado de trabalho impactaram sobretudo os aspectos constitutivos do núcleo duro do trabalho precoce, na medida em que houve diminuição da pobreza familiar e crescimento significativo de postos formais de trabalho, alcançando os trabalhadores jovens. O desafio que está posto é a continuidade e a efetividade de políticas de combate ao trabalho infantil, diante do aumento do desemprego e da informalidade, e do enfraquecimento da pauta de desenvolvimento social
Dimensionando a institucionalização do CNJ: as duas faces do processo em análise
Authors: Graeff Caroline Bianca , Barreto Álvaro Augusto de Borba
Published: January 2025

Diferentes fatores têm moldado a atuação do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) e a abrangência do seu poder no interior do Judiciário, o qual se encontra em constante disputa e negociação com outros atores institucionais e no interior do próprio CNJ. O texto apresenta as duas faces que se articulam e contribuem para a definição dos caminhos do Conselho, a exógena e a endógena. Objetiva também analisar as dimensões que permitem compreender a institucionalização do CNJ, por meio da aplicação das teorias de Polsby (2008), McGuire (2004) e Huntington (1975). Com as bases teóricas apresentadas, demonstra-se que a institucionalização do CNJ pode ser considerada um processo em andamento e que, para compreender como se vêm consolidando as definições em torno desse processo, é necessário olhar para situações concretas, incorporar a agência nas análises e observar as discussões e disputas não somente internas ao Conselho, bem como as externas a ele
Omissão legislativa e atuação contramajoritária do Supremo Tribunal Federal em relação às minorias sexuais
Authors: Leal Mônia Clarissa Hennig , Vargas Eliziane Fardin de
Published: January 2025

Recorrentemente as minorias sexuais enfrentam percalços na busca de proteção normativa a seus direitos fundamentais pelo Poder Legislativo e, em razão disso, acabam por apelar ao Judiciário para ter suas reivindicações ouvidas e atendidas. Assim, questiona-se a atuação contramajoritária do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) para a proteção das minorias sexuais em face das omissões do Congresso Nacional a respeito dessa temática. Para responder à questão, utiliza-se o método de abordagem dedutivo e o método de procedimento analítico, com o fim de analisar o histórico de projetos de lei e demais investidas em prol da regulamentação da matéria em âmbito nacional. Em seguida, aborda-se o dever de especial proteção das minorias sexuais no contexto do Estado Democrático de Direito, relacionando o debate à tensão entre a democracia representativa (lógica majoritária) e o constitucionalismo (prevalência dos direitos fundamentais). Por fim, analisam-se as nuances do papel contramajoritário desempenhado pelo STF e as contribuições dessa atuação para a proteção igualitária das minorias sexuais no País
A democracia liberal na encruzilhada: as causas da autocratização no Brasil e no mundo
Authors: Simão José Luiz de Almeida , Rodovalho Thiago , Teodoro Frediano José Momesso
Published: January 2025

O artigo investiga as causas da crise enfrentada pela democracia liberal no Brasil e no mundo. Entende-se que a recessão democrática decorre de questões estruturais, como os descontentamentos econômico e cultural, e que o respeito às normas democráticas informais pode ser a chave para a salvaguarda do regime democrático. A metodologia empregada privilegiou o método teórico-dogmático e baseou-se na revisão das literaturas nacional e estrangeira especializadas
O financiamento do devedor em recuperação judicial após a reforma da Lei nº 11.101/2005
Authors: Ribeiro Marcia Carla Pereira , Godri João Paulo Atilio , Moreira Pedro Ivo Lins
Published: January 2025

A reforma do sistema de insolvência empresarial brasileiro pela Lei nº 14.112/2020 é indicativa da constante preocupação com os impactos da crise da empresa no mercado, na economia e na sociedade. Ela afeta não somente o devedor e seus sócios mas também seus colaboradores, consumidores, fornecedores e outros agentes de mercado, com importantes externalidades. Por outro lado, a experiência demonstra que a efetividade do regime recuperacional, no Brasil ou em qualquer país, requer o acesso ao crédito de modo célere e ao menor custo possível. Nesse cenário, o presente artigo objetiva apresentar reflexões sobre o papel do mecanismo do DIP financing (financiamento do DIP), modalidade inserida no ordenamento jurídico por aquela reforma legislativa. Com base nos ferramentais da Análise Econômica do Direito, utiliza-se do método dedutivo e de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental para compreender o novo instituto de financiamento do devedor em recuperação; e conclui que, a despeito das várias críticas (muitas delas acertadas), é preciso reconhecer que a inclusão do financiamento do DIP na Lei nº 11.101/2005, além de importante avanço no sistema judicial de insolvência empresarial, abre caminho tanto para o aporte de novos negócios quanto para debates teóricos
Dynamic Approach to Crab Inventory Management in Juata Sea: Balancing Demand and Operational Risks
Authors: Nurul Hidayat  , Ranianty Ruru  , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah  , Gilang Ramadhan
Published: January 2025

Harapan Baru is a crab procurement business that serves as a critical link between fishermen and pond farmers. Crabs, as the primary commodity, are subject to significant price fluctuations and quality variations. This study aims to evaluate the economic viability of Harapan Baru's operations by analyzing costs, revenue, and profitability. Employing a critical incident technique, the research found that the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) inventory management method and Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model significantly enhance operational efficiency. By ensuring timely inventory turnover and optimizing order quantities, these methods mitigate risks associated with demand variability, climate change, and operational challenges. Moreover, the study underscores the essential role of mangrove ecosystems in sustaining crab populations and the economic benefits derived from this natural resource. The integration of technology and SWOT analysis highlights the potential for Harapan Baru to enhance its competitive advantage and contribute to the long-term sustainability of the fisheries industry.
Literature Review : The Role of Digital Technology in Enhancing Entrepreneurship in the Era of Industry 4.0
Authors: Arijo Isnoer Narjono
Published: January 2025

This study examines the role of digital technology in enhancing entrepreneurship in the Era of industry 4.0 through a systematic literature analysis of various sources from 2013 to 2023. By adopting this methodological approach, the research elucidates the benefits, challenges, and solutions associated with the adoption of digital technology for business practitioners, particularly in the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The analysis demonstrates that digital technology significantly enhances operational efficiency, productivity, and market reach, while also fostering innovation in business models. However, challenges such as resource limitations, a lack of digital literacy, and the digital divide persist as significant obstacles. Furthermore, the study identifies strategic solutions to mitigate these challenges, including digital literacy training, technology subsidies, and improvements to digital infrastructure. The limitations of this research include a constrained data range from 2013 to 2023 and insufficient exploration of practical dimensions and ethical issues pertaining to the adoption of digital technology. Future research is encouraged to investigate these topics in greater depth, particularly within localized contexts and their implications for business sustainability. These findings underscore the critical role of digital technology as a fundamental enabler for developing competitive and sustainable entrepreneurship in Era 4.0.
Pendampingan Orang Tua dalam Membangun Lingkungan Belajar yang Kondusif
Authors: Mardianti Desi
Published: January 2025

The important role of parental attention in motivating children to learn, by highlighting its significant impact on children's academic, psychological, and social development. Through consistent and in-depth attention, parents can not only help children overcome learning challenges, but also create an environment that supports the growth of children's confidence and motivation. The study identified two main types of motivation that are influenced by parental attention: intrinsic motivation, which is driven by the child's internal curiosity and satisfaction, and extrinsic motivation, which is influenced by external appreciation and recognition. In addition, emotional support from parents is essential for boosting children's self-confidence as well as helping them manage anxiety about failure, which often hinders their learning efforts. Consistency of parental attention also plays an important role in creating a stable and safe environment, which allows children to focus on their learning. The active involvement of parents in setting academic goals further strengthens the focus and motivation of children. Psychological theories such as Bandura's Social Learning Theory, Basic Needs Theory by Deci and Ryan, and Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory provide a deeper understanding of how parental attention affects not only academic performance, but also a child's emotional and psychological development. The results of this activity concluded that parental attention given lovingly and consistently is very important to motivate children to learn and support their overall development. The resulting recommendations include the need for training programs for parents in providing effective attention and the importance of collaboration between parents, schools, and communities in creating a supportive educational environment.
Relationality in Psychedelic Facilitation Training Programs: The UC Berkeley Case
Authors: Meadow Moana
Published: January 2025

Psychedelic medicine must embrace high-quality, culturally sensitive, relational, and community-based education of facilitators in order to reduce risks and increase benefits. The University of California, Berkeley Psychedelic Facilitation Certificate Program (UC Berkeley PFCP) aims to provide this training through a mindfully crafted program. This paper outlines the UC Berkeley training model, focusing particularly on the training program’s relational and culturally sensitive approach. This model is one we believe should be adopted by other psychedelic training programs to improve the quality of facilitation and create a robust network of skilled practitioners.
THE ROLE OF PROMOTIONAL GIMMICKS WITH 10% DISCOUNT ON PURCHASE DECISIONS FOR WARDAH WHITE SECRET PRODUCTS AT MISS GLAM STORE IN BENGKULU CITY
Authors: Sauci Rahmadea Putri  , Andi Azhar
Published: January 2025

The use of promotional gimmicks, such as price discounts, is one of the effective marketing strategies in encouraging consumer purchasing decisions. This study aims to analyze the role of promotional gimmicks in the form of a 10% price discount on the decision to provide Wardah White Secret products at the Miss Glam Store in Bengkulu City. The method used is a thematic literature review, referring to various studies related to the influence of price promotions on consumer behavior in the cosmetics sector. The results of the study show that a 10% price discount significantly increases consumer attraction to the product, creates a higher perception of value, and encourages faster purchasing decisions. In addition, this promotion also strengthens the competitiveness of Wardah White Secret products in the local market. However, the effectiveness of this promotional gimmick is also influenced by external factors, such as brand loyalty, product quality, and the marketing communication strategy used. This study provides insight for cosmetic business actors, especially at the Miss Glam Store, to maximize the implementation of promotional gimmicks in supporting increased sales and consumer satisfaction.
Utilization of Spirulina (Arthrospira Plantesis) in the Substitution of Taro Flour and Mocaf Flour in Dry Noodles as an Anti-Stunting Food Innovation
Authors: Elcahyani Adhisty , Astuti Siswi
Published: January 2025

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that affects children's physical and cognitive development. This research aims to develop dry noodles made from taro flour, mocaf and spirulina as an alternative nutritious food for the prevention of stunting. Variations in the composition of taro flour and mocaf (60%:40%) with the addition of spirulina (2%) produced the best product with a protein content of 10.72%, carbohydrate content of 74.91% and moisture content of 6% according to SNI standards for dry noodles. Organoleptic tests showed that the sample was the most preferred by the panelists based on taste, texture, aroma, colour and crispness. Spirulina fortification contributed significantly to increasing the protein content and giving the product its characteristic green colour. This innovation is expected to help meet the nutritional needs of stunted children, support local food sustainability and reduce dependence on imported ingredients
A Comparative Study on English and Chinese Compliments in Intercultural Communication Contexts
Authors:   Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province, Liang Yinxu
Published: January 2025

As society progresses, in human linguistic exchanges, compliments, a type of polite language with relatively high frequency of usage, have become prevalent. In cross-cultural communication, gracious compliments facilitate the establishment, maintenance, and preservation of harmonious interpersonal relationships. Despite their similarities, the deployment of these English-Chinese accolades reveals the disparities that exist between two distinct cultures. This paper delves into the differences between Chinese and American compliments in terms of topic and recipient, grammar and syntax structure, and response patterns, pointing out that language and culture are inextricably intertwined. Only by striving to master both languages and cultural backgrounds can one effectively utilize compliments for cross-cultural communication.
The Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Child Sexual Abuse among School Students in Rural Central China: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors:   Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan (430065), Hubei Province, China, Liu Yudu , Wu Yuanyuan ,   Department of Rheumatology, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province (Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province);, Jiang Can ,   School of Mathematics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Zhang Yanan ,   Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan (430065), Hubei Province, China;, Xiang Bing ,   Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan (430065), Hubei Province, China;
Published: January 2025

Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a global public health problem, which has a significant impact, and the situation is not optimistic.
Objectives: The aim was to investigate the prevalence rate and influencing factors of CSA among school-aged children in rural central China.
Participants and Setting: Participants were recruited from rural schools to reflect the prevalence rate of CSA in Hubei Province in China. A total of 3,940 (2,085 boys and 1,855 girls) school-aged rural children in central China participated in this study.
Methods: The prevalence rate and influencing factors of CSA were tested through the utilization of anonymous and self-administered questionnaires, which collected the demographic information of the participants and the contact and non-contact types of CSA incidents.
Results: The prevalence rate of CSA in the survey was 15.3%. Findings from multivariate analysis indicated that gender (OR=0.428, 95%CI: 0.355~0.517, reference: boy), study level at school (OR=1.597，95%CI: 1.414~1.805, reference: primary school) and whether the respondent was a left-behind child (OR=1.238，95%CI: 1.014~1.511, reference: non-left-behind child) were significantly associated with CSA.
Conclusions: The prevalence rate of CSA among the participants was relatively high. Boys, senior high school students and left-behind children were more likely to be sexually abused. The provision of systematic sexual education to these high-risk groups will help reduce the prevalence of CSA.
السياسة الطاقوية الروسية وأثرها في العلاقات الدولية
Authors:   كلية العلوم السياسية والإدارية والدبلوماسية / الجامعة الاسلامية في لبنان, الساعدي محمد علي محمد
Published: January 2025

يركز هذا البحث على تحليل السياسة الطاقوية الروسية ودورها المحوري في تعزيز مكانتها الجيوسياسية والاقتصادية عالمياً. تعتبر روسيا من أكبر المنتجين والمصدرين للطاقة، مما يمنحها نفوذاً كبيراً في أسواق الطاقة العالمية. يناقش البحث تأثير النفط والغاز الطبيعي الروسي على الاقتصاد الوطني، ويبرز دور مشاريع كبرى مثل «نورد ستريم 2» و»قوة سيبيريا» في تعزيز العلاقات مع أوروبا وآسيا وتنويع الأسواق.
يستعرض البحث كيفية استخدام روسيا لمواردها الطاقوية كأداة ضغط سياسي في النزاعات الدولية، مثل أزمات أوكرانيا والشرق الأوسط، لتوسيع نفوذها. توضح النتائج أن السياسة الطاقوية الروسية ليست مجرد عنصر اقتصادي، بل أداة استراتيجية فعّالة لتحقيق أهدافها الجيوسياسية ودعم استقرارها الاقتصادي في مواجهة التحديات الدولية.
أثر تنوّع أشكال الإندماج على النظام المصرفي
Authors:   دكتوراه في الحقوق– الجامعة الإسلامية في لبنان, قاووق خليل أحمد
Published: January 2025

الاندماج المصرفي هو عملية توحيد بين مؤسستين أو أكثر لتشكيل كيان واحد بهدف تعزيز القدرات المالية والتنافسية، وتحقيق تكامل في الأنشطة المصرفية. يُعدّ الاندماج أداة حيوية في القطاع المالي، حيث يسهم في تحسين الكفاءة التشغيلية، التوسع في الأسواق، وتنويع الأنشطة المالية، مما يساهم في تعزيز استقرار النظام المصرفي. من هنا، يختلف الاندماج المصرفي حسب عدة معايير، أبرزها طبيعة النشاط المصرفي، حيث يمكن أن يكون أفقيًا أو عموديًا، كما يمكن أن يكون مختلطًا أو تكتليًا. إضافة إلى ذلك، يُصنف الاندماج بناءً على جنسية الأطراف المعنية، بين محلي ودولي، مما يعكس مدى التوسع الجغرافي للكيان المصرفي المندمج. ومن الناحية العملية، يعتمد الاندماج على الدوافع الكامنة وراءه، حيث قد يكون إراديًا أو لا إراديًا، وقد يتم بناءً على ضغوط اقتصادية أو أزمات مالية. كما يُمكن أن يكون إجباريًا في بعض الحالات التي تفرض فيها السلطات التنظيمية الاندماج لأغراض استقرار النظام المالي.
بالتالي، تُعتبر هذه الأنواع المختلفة من الاندماج ضرورية للمؤسسات المصرفية التي تسعى إلى تعزيز قوتها السوقية والتنافسية في بيئة اقتصادية معقدة ومتغيرة، وتحتاج إلى إطار قانوني ملائم لضمان سلامة هذه العمليات وحمايتها من المخاطر المحتملة.
FREQUENCY OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS TAKING SODIUM-GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER-2 (SGLT-2) INHIBITORS
Authors: Shaikh Kainat , Mannan Junejo Abdul , Nawaz Asif , Ali Muhammad , Ahmed Sabih , Taha Yaseen Khan Raja , Maryam Mehdi Syeda , Nasir Abdullah
Published: January 2025

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a globally prevalent metabolic disorder associated with significant morbidity. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have emerged as effective antihyperglycemic agents, enhancing renal glucose excretion to improve glycemic control. Despite their benefits, concerns have arisen regarding an increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients using these medications. This study aimed to determine the frequency of UTIs in T2DM patients using SGLT-2 inhibitors at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.
Objective: To assess the incidence of UTIs and identify associated risk factors in T2DM patients receiving SGLT-2 inhibitors.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, including 215 T2DM patients aged 30–65 years who had been on SGLT-2 inhibitors for over one month. Patients were selected using non-probability consecutive sampling. Exclusion criteria included type 1 diabetes, pregnancy, recurrent UTIs, severe renal impairment, and immunosuppressive therapy. Data collection involved structured interviews, medical record reviews, and urine culture analysis. Variables assessed included gender, glycemic control (HbA1c), comorbidities, hemoglobin levels, and duration of diabetes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27.0, with a p-value <0.05 considered significant.
Results: Among the 215 participants, 32 (14.9%) were diagnosed with UTIs. Female patients had a significantly higher incidence of UTIs compared to males (62.5% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.02). Poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 8%) was strongly associated with UTI occurrence (96.9% vs. 87.9%, p = 0.01). The mean duration of diabetes was 7.5 ± 3.2 years, and patients with UTIs had significantly lower hemoglobin levels (10.3 ± 1.7 g/dL) compared to those without UTIs (10.7 ± 1.2 g/dL, p = 0.027).
Conclusion: The study identified a substantial incidence of UTIs in T2DM patients on SGLT-2 inhibitors, with female gender and poor glycemic control being significant risk factors. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring and preventive strategies to mitigate UTI risks in high-risk populations.
CHECKLIST OF VASCULAR PLANT NAMES RECENTLY ENTERED TO THE INTERNATIONAL PLANT NAME INDEX
Authors:   Kokand State Pedagogical Institute, Turdiboev O. ,   Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ruzimatov R. ,   Fergana State University
Published: January 2025

The article presents a taxonomic analysis of the Akbarabad natural monument’s flora. 147 species and subspecies of vascular plants have been identified, they belong to 110 genera and 35 families. The taxonomic spectre is headed by the families Asteraceae, Poaceae, Amaranthaceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae. Most part of the species are of the genera Astragalus, Artemisia, Bromus. The largest number of species is registered in the families Asteraceae and Poaceae. In the flora of the Akbarabad natural monument – Astragalus rubellus Gontsch. is listed on the Red Book of Uzbekistan
Gaps continue in firearm Surveillance: Evidence from a large U.S. city Bureau of Police
Authors: Fabio Anthony , Duell Jessica , Creppage Kathleen , O'Donnell Kerry , Laporte Ron
Published: January 2025

Word Count: 330

While the broad relationship between violence, poor health outcomes and firearms is well-established, there is limited research in the public health field on the source of guns collected by police departments, many of which are used for violent crime that results in injury or death. This data could be valuable for purposes of improving surveillance around violent crime and health outcomes as well as for evaluating prevention strategies and future programs that aim to reduce gun violence.
The objectives of this study are to describe how guns come into police possession, identify the primary source of these guns, determine how guns leave possession of lawful owners, and determine disposition of guns and perpetrators. In order to meet the objectives, we analyzed data on 762 cases in which a gun was recovered by the Pittsburgh Bureau of Police Firearm Tracking Unit (FTU). Descriptive analyses were conducted.
Most cases involve a single perpetrator. Traffic stop and street patrol accounted for 31% of method of recovery. Most perpetrators were carrying a gun that did not belong to them – 79%. More than 30% of the guns recovered were reported stolen by owners when the FTU contacted them. For 44% of the guns, whether the gun was stolen was either unknown or not able to be determined. In most cases, individual owners did not know how they lost possession of their firearm (62 percent).
Currently there is no way to track firearms from a legal purchase into hands that do not have legal ownership even through official police data. A large number of guns recovered are taken from persons who are not the lawful owner of the gun. In the majority of cases, the guns were privately owned, as opposed to being traced back to a dealer. How the guns left the possession of their lawful owners is unknown, and collecting this data proves to be challenging. Future studies should be conducted to assess the pathway in which guns travel from legal to illegal ownership.
Is there a way forward for the Mexican healthcare system? A human rights perspective
Authors: López Arellano Oliva , Jarillo Soto Edgar C.
Published: January 2025

Morbidity and mortality profiles offer us a synthesis of the dynamics of population health. Workplace conditions, education, nutrition, housing, income, access to potable water, adequate sanitary services, clean environments, and healthcare are all considered as social determinants of health. As such, they provide the necessary elements to guarantee the right to health and health protection. Mexico's adoption of neoliberal policies – in place now for three decades – has weakened the possibilities of leading a full life by converting health into a commodity and dismantling the public healthcare system. In its place, a market for medical services has been established and sick people are now blamed for having adopted unhealthy lifestyles. Surely, this is a very miserly realization of the right to health.

The Mexican healthcare system provides neither universal coverage nor universal access to healthcare. The quality of services – when available – is quite variable. What is needed is a single, unified, publicly financed healthcare system; international experience has shown that this is the most efficient way to obtain universal coverage that provides comprehensive, quality care and equity. Achieving this in Mexico requires fundamental reform of both the healthcare and social security systems.
The Health of the Filipino People & the New Administration
Authors: Yamada Seiji
Published: January 2025

The Republic of the Philippines is characterized by severe social and economic inequalities, with 26% of the population in poverty. Government spending on health and access to health services has been limited. Garnering the vote of many poor Filipinos, Rodrigo Duterte was elected to the Presidency of the Republic of the Philippines on May 9 and inaugurated on June 30, 2016. In the Western media, he has been vilified for his off-the-cuff remarks as the "Trump of the Philippines" or for the law-and-order policies of his tenure as Mayor of Davao City as “The Punisher” or "Duterte Harry." In reality, however, he is a more complex figure, who has made peace with Muslims and with Communists while serving as Mayor. Since his election, he has included leftists in his cabinet and declared a unilateral ceasefire with the Communist insurgency. He has vowed to institute social policies to uplift the poor, including improvements in health access. The oligarchy will not give up its privileges and its holdings easily, however. The health of the Filipino people will be affected by what Duterte is able to accomplish during the length of his six-year term.
Barriers to HIV testing in Guatemala: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Margolis Lars , Medina Narda , Gon Kimberly , Hagan Brian , McKenna Kevin , Samayoa Blanca , Alonzo Pacheco Karla Patricia , Arathoon Eduardo , Anderson Matthew
Published: January 2025

Background: Early detection and treatment decreases HIV transmission rates and leads to risk reduction in those who are diagnosed. HIV-infected Guatemalans typically present with late-stage disease.

Objective: We employed qualitative methods to explore barriers to HIV testing in Guatemala.

Methods: In depth, qualitative interviews were conducted in an HIV testing and treatment facility in Guatemala City. These were analyzed using the methods of Grounded Theory.

Results: Four major barriers impeded HIV testing in our subjects: psychological factors, stigma/discrimination, gender roles/machismo, and systemic barriers to care. Many of our patients’ fears were grounded in a reality of discrimination, while the systemic problems of the healthcare system reflected misunderstandings and fears on the part of healthcare workers.

Discussion: Our findings are consonant with the international literature. Our narrative suggested potential interventions; presenting HIV testing as a way to “save one’s life” instead of an “automatic death sentence” might foster HIV testing and earlier diagnosis
Aborto, bioética y emancipación humana: una compleja e inevitable relación
Authors: Díaz Bernal Zoe , González García Joel
Published: January 2025

Introducción y objetivos: El aborto, la reivindicación de derechos, la bioética y los derroteros que atañen a la salud pública, son los ejes temáticos sobre los que se construye el presente artículo de opinión, que pretende la provocación del debate científico desde los diferentes saberes que conforman a las ciencias de la salud. Resultados: A partir de cinco constructos, según el análisis diacrítico de cada uno, se cuestiona y propone; se deconstruye y problematiza, respetando la perspectiva de género, que de manera transversal impregna el discurso. Se proponen rutas para repensar la cuestión sobre el aborto y se demarca la singularidad del caso cubano.
Hearts and Minds: Typhoon Yolanda/Haiyan and the Use of Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief to Further Strategic Ends
Authors: Yamada Seiji
Published: January 2025

Humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) should, as the term itself implies, be driven by humanitarian concern for the welfare of others. To use HADR for political or strategic ends distorts its purpose and introduces the potential for suspicion and distrust. In the aftermath of the November 2013 Typhoon Yolanda/Haiyan, the U.S. military extended HADR to the affected regions of the Philippines. In the ensuing months, the signing of the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) allowed the U.S. military access to bases in the Philippines. Facing off against China’s presence in the South China Sea, U.S. military presence in the Philippines is clearly intended to encircle China in a future war. The ascendancy of Rodrigo Duterte to the presidency has meant that the Philippines will follow an independent foreign policy. His stated intent to reverse EDCA has laid bare the use of HADR for strategic ends. The use of HADR by the U.S. as a ploy to gain strategic advantage is clear to the rest of the world. It is time to abandon the deception.
Intestinal Parasites and "Progress": A case study from Urabá, Antioqueño (Colombia)
Authors: Carmona Fonseca Jaime , Arango Flórez Eliana María
Published: January 2025

Background: Infections with intestinal parasites in humans can be understood using the model of disease and illness as an ongoing process. The presence, persistence, and dissemination of intestinal parasites are determined by the living conditions prevalent in societies and by differences related to social class. There is a paucity of both international and national studies examining the relationship between living conditions and the prevalence of human parasites in Colombia. There are even fewer studies that adopt a historical approach to this relationship.

Research Question: a) to compare current data on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the region of Urabá (a subregion of the Colombian province of Antiqueño) with data collected 50 to 75 years ago; b) to explore the relationship between prevalence of intestinal parasites and living conditions during these time periods.

Methodology: A literature review was performed to characterize living conditions and prevalence of intestinal parasites during the two periods of interest (contemporary statistics and those from 50-75 years ago).
Results: Both study periods were characterized by a high prevalence of intestinal parasites and substandard living conditions

Conclusions: With respect to human parasites and living conditions, little has changed in Urabá in the last 50 years. Economic progress has benefited only a few. Social "progress" has yet to touch the vast majority of people in Urabá.
Health reforms and utilization of health care in three states of India: Public Health Prospects
Authors: Sen Kasturi , Roy Samir G. , Kumar Shuba , Narayana K. , Priyadarshi Anju
Published: January 2025

Health sector reforms were introduced in several states of India in 1991. The rationale was to increase choice and competition, to improve quality and access to health care Such demand-led incentives were integral to macro-economic stabilization programs world-wide during the 1990s. For a majority of the population of India, health care costs linked to commercialisation of health services were forcing households into serious debt. Using primary data on patterns of utilisation of health services (2002), this paper reports from a systematically collected empirical evidence base, to explore the preliminary impact of changes to the health sector from 1991 to 2000 in West Bengal (WB), Tamil Nadu (TN), and the hospital sector of Andhra Pradesh (AP). The overall aim is to provide historical context to the experience of reforms for poor and vulnerable groups and to understand current discourses on the health system in India, focused on “managed care” through a universal health insurance programme. We explore linkages between the past and present on disinvestment in public provision and its long-term consequences for equity of access to health care in the three states, and elsewhere in the country.
Subjects suffering in resistance: an approach to the subjectivities of the Colombian armed conflict.
Authors: Arias López Beatriz Elena
Published: January 2025

In this paper we report on the results of an investigation carried out with peasant communities in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia. This research grew from a critique of the biomedical model’s shortcomings in accounting for the relationship between political violence and mental health in the medium and long term. This dynamic is especially relevant in the Colombian context where, after decades of armed conflict, a transformation has begun following the signing of a peace treaty and negotiations with the country’s two last remaining guerrilla groups. Questions about the relationship between mental health and armed conflicts are not new; they appeared after the First World War, gaining full legitimacy after the establishment of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the aftermath of the Second World War. Within this literature, there has been a tendency to give greater relevance to clinical and epidemiological studies that explore short-term effects, with an emphasis on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other psychiatric diagnoses. Unfortunately, such research has neglected pressing questions, concerning the subjectivities that take shape in the medium and long term horizons of prolonged armed conflicts.
Modern Family planning practices, male involvement and unmet fertility needs among rural and urban Nigerian women: Findings from a mixed method study in the Southwest Region
Authors: Okafor Ifeoma P. , Balogun Mobolanle R. , Sekoni Adekemi O. , Dolapo Duro C.
Published: January 2025

Family planning (FP) utilization impacts individuals, families, communities and nations. The study aimed at comparing family planning predictors, male involvement in family planning and unmet fertility needs in rural and urban areas of Lagos, Nigeria. A cross-sectional, comparative study design involving multi-stage sampling method was used to select a total of 600 women. Data was collected by questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions. Modern FP use by couples was 52% (rural) and 56.3% (urban) with no significant difference. In the rural population, the predictors of use of modern FP were being a Christian, employed, spouse having formal education and higher number of children. In the urban population, it was higher number of children. For both rural and urban women, ideal family size was higher than the desired number of children. Most men in both areas do not like any FP method but some of them support their wives. Utilization is similar among both groups and much higher than the national and regional aver-age. Rural programs to improve female empowerment and formal education among males should be implemented. FP education may improve male involvement in both areas.
Alternative reflections on the treatment of violence and crime in Latin America: the prevention of crime as a strategy
Authors: Díaz Román Mario Pavel , Partido Lara Othón , Jaramillo Minchel María Cecilia
Published: January 2025

Latin America is the most violent region in the world with a rate of 24.24 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants. In view of this situation, different types of measures have been implemented, ranging from a purely punitive approach to the design and application of programs to prevent violence and crime with various results. On this last point we will reflect, specifically on the relevance and usefulness of such initiatives, besides presenting some key cases in the region for the understanding of the prevention approach; likewise, its scope and limitations will be presented.
The Death Penalty: History, Exonerations, and Moratoria
Authors: Donohoe Martin
Published: January 2025

Today’s topic is the death penalty. I will discuss multiple areas related to the death penalty, including its history; major Supreme Court decisions; contemporary status; racial differences; errors and exonerations; public opinion; moratoria; and ethics and morality. I will also refute common myths, including those that posit that the death penalty is humane; equally applied across the states; used largely by “Western” countries; color-blind; infallible; a deterrent to crime; and moral.
From Reproductive Rights to Reproductive Justice
Authors: Gold Marji
Published: January 2025

This month the Social Medicine Journal of-fers readers the text of the Annual Harold Wise Memorial Lecture held on June 13, 2017 at the Department of Family and Social Medicine at Montefiore Medical Center. Harold Wise was the founder of the Residency Program in Social Medicine and the award recognizes a faculty member who best represents the values of the Residency Program.