bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and structure of new 4-amino-1,3,5-triazine-2-thione S-derivatives and their study by 1H, 13C NMR and chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Rybakova A. , Kim D. , Stolpovskaya N. ,   Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
Published: September 2024

4-Amino-1,3,5-triazine-2-thione 1 interacts with allyl bromide, 2-methyl-3-chloro-1-propene, 2,3-dibromopropene-1, prenyl bromide in DMFA/K2CO3 and with cinnamyl chloride, butenyl bromide in DMFA/NaOH to form 4-allylsulfanyl- 2, 4-(2-methylpropene-2-yl)sulfanyl- 3, 4-(2-bromopropene-2-yl)sulfanyl- 4, 4-(2-methylbutene-2-yl)sulfanyl- 5, 4-cinnamylsulfanyl- 6 and 4-(butene-1-yl)sulfanyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-amines 7, respectively. The structure of compounds 2–7 was studied by 1H NMR, as well as of compounds 5 and 7, in their case including 13C NMR; allyl sulfide 2, prenyl sulfide 5 and butenyl sulfide 7 were also studied using chromatography mass spectrometry. In the 1H NMR spectra of compounds 2–7, the weakest field signal in the range of 8.22–8.30 p.p.m. is the signal of the aromatic proton of the triazine cycle, manifested as a singlet. The signals of protons of the S-CH2 group are observed in a strong field – at 3.10–4.19 p.p.m. – depending on the presence of electron donor or electron acceptor groups in the alkenyl fragment. The protons of the =CH2 group are present only in the structure of sulfides 2–4 and 7; they form two signals in the 1H NMR spectra: one signal at 4.85–5.58 p.p.m., the second at 5.03–6.10 p.p.m. In the 13C NMR spectra of prenyl sulfide 5 and butenyl sulfide 7, the carbon atoms of the S-alkenyl groups resonate in the region of strong fields. In the region of weak fields, the signals of aromatic carbon atoms of the 1,3,5-triazine cycle are observed: 182.32–157.95 p.p.m. In the mass spectra of compounds 2, 5 and 7, the characteristic peaks are [M 15]+ and [M-33]+ peaks, the formation of which is associated with the fragmentation of molecular ions undergoing cleavage of the methyl radical and the •SH radical, respectively. The haloalkyl derivative of the heterocyclic series – 2-chloro-1-(2,2,4-trimethyl-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinoline-1(2H)-yl) ethanoate – in reaction with compound 1 has led to the introduction of a new pharmacophore fragment into the simm-triazine molecule, which contributes to the expansion of the spectrum of potential biological activity of its derivatives.
ANALISIS SEBARAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU (RTH) PUBLIK MENGGUNAKAN METODE SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (SIG) DI KABUPATEN SIDOARJO
Authors: Azra Ahmad Azyumardi
Published: September 2024

Parameter uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perhitungan kebutuhan ruang terbuka hijau berdasarkan luas wilayah Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Tujuan penelitian ini melakukan identifikasi lokasi ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) publik di wilayah kabupaten Sidoarjo, mengetahui ketersediaan ruang terbuka hijau publik di Kabupaten Sidoarjo menggunakan metode sistem informasi geografis (SIG), mengetahui seberapa besar kebutuhan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) publik di Kabupaten Sidoarjo, mengevaluasi ruang terbuka hijau publik di Kabupaten Sidoarjo sudah memenuhi atau belum berdasarkan Permen ATR/BPN No. 14 Tahun 2022. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif dan deskriptif. Pada metode kuantitatif dilakukan perhitungan berupa kebutuhan RTH publik berdasarkan luas wilayah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Sidoarjo memiliki 3 jenis ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) publik, yaitu taman kabupaten memiliki taman kabupaten memiliki total 22 titik yang tersebar 4 kecamatan di Kabupaten Sidoarjo dengan luas 71.082,65 m2, jenis pemakaman memiliki total 20 titik yang tersebar di 5 kecamatan dengan luas 31.561,46 m2, dan jenis jalur hijau memiliki total 13 titik yang tersebar di 4 kecamatan dengan luas 6.146,9 m2. Kebutuhan RTH Kabupaten Sidoarjo di bagian kawasan perkotaan Kabupaten Sidoarjo yaitu 45.702,97 m2 jika dilihat dari 20% luas wilayah Kabupaten Sidoarjo kawasan perkotaan  yaitu 223.213 m2. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa RTH publik di Kabupaten Sidoarjo sudah memenuhi sesuai Peraturan Pemerintah Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) no 14 tahun 2022.
Konsentrasi Klorofil-a di Muara Upang Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Aryawati Riris , Diansyah Gusti , Melki Melki , Ulqodry Tengku Zia , Isnaini Isnaini , Surbakti Heron
Published: September 2024

Muara Sungai Upang merupakan salah satu muara yang terletak di pesisir Sumatera Selatan. Muara sungai banyak menerima masukan bahan organik dari lingkungan di sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsentrasi klorofil-a yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui status kesuburan di Perairan Muara Sungai Upang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari dan Agustus 2020. Pengambilan sampel air dan pengukuran parameter ditentukan secara purposive sampling method. Analisis klorofil-a dilakukan dengan metode spektrofotometri. Konsentrasi klorofil-a dan parameter lingkungan perairan ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik. Data konsentrasi klorofil-a selanjutnya dianalisis untuk melihat kesuburan perairannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi klorofil-a di perairan Muara Sungai Upang tergolong oligotrofik dengan rata-rata 1,04 mg/m3 pada bulan Februari dan tergolong mesotrofik dengan rata-rata 6,63 mg/m3 pada bulan Agustus. Konsentrasi klorofil-a di perairan Muara Sungai Upang cenderung tinggi pada daerah bagian muara menuju perairan laut dan lebih rendah di daerah sungai.
Synthesis of NiFe₂O₄ Magnetic Using Artocarpus altilis Leave Extract for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye and Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Safitri Bella , Yohandini Heni , Muharni Muharni , Salni Salni , Hariani Poedji Loekitowati
Published: September 2024

The green synthesis method is an economical and eco-friendly approach to synthesizing materials. This study effectively synthesized magnetic NiFe2O4 by Artocarpus altilis extract leave for the photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue dye and exhibited antibacterial properties. The phytochemical compounds found in plants act as agents for reducing and stabilizing NiFe2O4. The synthesized NiFe2O4 was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The variables in degradation include solution pH, dye concentration, catalyst dose, and irradiation time. The synthesized NiFe2O4 has a 12.4 nm crystallite size, a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 44.56 emu/g, and a band gap of 1.68 eV. The degradation efficiency of methylene blue dye was 98.2% under the following conditions: a solution pH of 10, a concentration of 10 mg/L, a dose of 0.1 g/L, and an irradiation time of 90 min. The degradation mechanism of Methylene blue dye may be accurately described by pseudo-first-order kinetics, with a kapp value of 0.0443 min-1. NiFe2O4 has high stability; after five degradation cycles, the degradation efficiency decreased by 4.45%. Additionally, NiFe2O4 demonstrates significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria.
Influence of foot strike pattern on co‐contraction around the ankle and oxygen uptake during running at 19 km/h
Authors: Kubo Shimpei , Yaeshima Katsutoshi , Suzuki Takahito , Daigo Eiji , Kitaoka Yu , Kinugasa Ryuta
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the coactivation of plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles and oxygen uptake during running with forefoot and rearfoot strikes at 15 and 19 km/h. We included 16 male runners in this study. The participants ran each foot strike pattern for 5 min at 15 and 19 km/h on a treadmill. During the running, respiratory gas exchange data and surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of the medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), soleus, and tibialis anterior muscles of the right lower limb were continuously recorded. The indices of oxygen uptake, energy expenditure (EE), and muscle activation were calculated during the last 2 min in each condition. During the stance phase of running at 15 and 19 km/h, activation of the tibialis anterior and MG muscles was lower and higher, respectively, with forefoot strike than with rearfoot strike. The foot strike pattern did not influence the oxygen uptake. These results suggest that the foot strike pattern has no clear effect on the oxygen uptake when running at 15 and 19 km/h. However, forefoot strike leads to plantar flexion dominance during co‐contraction of the tibialis anterior and MG muscles, which are an antagonist and agonist for plantar flexion, respectively, during the stance phase.
Insights into the interaction between time and reward prediction on the activity of striatal tonically active neurons: A pilot study in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Martel A. C. , Apicella P.
Published: September 2024

Prior studies have documented the role of the striatum and its dopaminergic input in time processing, but the contribution of local striatal cholinergic innervation has not been specifically investigated. To address this issue, we recorded the activity of tonically active neurons (TANs), thought to be cholinergic interneurons in the striatum, in two male macaques performing self‐initiated movements after specified intervals in the seconds range have elapsed. The behavioral data showed that movement timing was adjusted according to the temporal requirements. About one‐third of all recorded TANs displayed brief depressions in firing in response to the cue that indicates the interval duration, and the strength of these modulations was, in some instances, related to the timing of movement. The rewarding outcome of actions also impacted TAN activity, as reflected by stronger responses to the cue paralleled by weaker responses to reward when monkeys performed correctly timed movements over consecutive trials. It therefore appears that TAN responses may act as a start signal for keeping track of time and reward prediction could be incorporated in this signaling function. We conclude that the role of the striatal cholinergic TAN system in time processing is embedded in predicting rewarding outcomes during timing behavior.
Laryngeal non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Report of four cases and review of the literature
Authors: Tang Xin , Wang Dingting , Feng Huajun , Qin Gang
Published: September 2024

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) limited to the larynx is very rare. The authors present the clinical diagnosis and treatment of four patients with laryngeal NHL. Case 1 was diagnosed with glottic, subglottic, and tracheal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and was treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy after surgery. Case 2 was diagnosed with laryngeal MALT lymphoma and underwent radiotherapy. Case 3 was diagnosed with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and was treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Case 4 had MALT lymphoma in the glottic area with a malignant thyroid tumor, and was treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy after surgery. More reports and research on this disease are needed.
The role of rapamycin in the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in mitophagy in podocytes
Authors: Yu Shengyou , Zhu Weixue , Yu Li
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to clarify the role of rapamycin in the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in mitophagy in podocytes and the role of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) in the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in mouse glomerular podocytes. For this purpose, podocytes were cultured with rapamycin and observed using microscopy. The apoptosis rate of podocytes was detected by flow cytometry. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential were measured. The autophagy-related proteins VDAC1, PINK1, Parkin, and LC3 were detected, and mitochondrial autophagosomes were observed via transmission electron microscopy. In the present study, we demonstrated that the number of podocytes treated with rapamycin was significantly reduced. Compared with those in the control group, the apoptosis rate of podocytes and the degree of mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization were significantly higher. We also found the expression levels of VDAC1, PINK1, Parkin, and LC3 were significantly increased. In the rapamycin-treated group, the numbers of swollen mitochondria and mitochondrial autophagosomes were significantly higher. Finally, we showed that rapamycin can upregulate the expression of VDAC1, PINK1, Parkin, and LC3 in glomerular podocytes, which is correlated with mitophagy. VDAC1 is involved in mitophagy and is related to the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway, serving as an indicator of mitophagy in podocytes.
The Universe of Germany’s Foreign Trade Prior to World War I
Authors: Hungerland Wolf-Fabian , Wolf Nikolaus
Published: September 2024

We present a new disaggregated dataset on Germany’s exports and imports from 1880 to 1913. The data covers trade in both quantity and value at the product level. It thus comprises the universe of the data in terms of products and trade partners, at annual frequency. To ensure comparability over time and to data from other countries, the historical product categories are re-classified according to the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC, Rev. 2 and Rev. 4). Moreover, we integrate Hamburg and Bremen into the German trade statistics – two important port cities, which were not covered by the major German trade records until 1888. We describe the new data in terms of five stylized facts and make suggestions for its use in research.
Properties of polyphenylene sulfide/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites: a comparison between compression molding and microinjection molding
Authors: Zhou Shengtai , Lei Xue , Zhao Zhongguo , Liang Mei , Zou Huawei
Published: September 2024

This work comparatively studied the electrical, morphological, and thermal properties of polyphenylene sulfide/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PPS/CNT) composites prepared by compression molding (CM) and microinjection molding (μIM), respectively. The subsequent samples were termed as CM composites and microparts, respectively. Results revealed that the electrical conductivity of PPS/CNT microparts was lower than that of CM PPS/CNT composites, which was ascribed to the difference in shearing which affected microstructural evolution. In addition, SEM observations revealed that the distribution of CNTs became better in the PPS/CNT microparts, which was related to the prevailing higher shearing effect in μIM. The tensile strength of PPS/CNT microparts dropped for filler concentrations ≤2 wt% and it started to increase after reaching 10 wt%; in comparison with the PPS/CNT microparts, the tensile strength of CM PPS/CNT samples exhibited an opposite trend when the filler concentration was ≤3 wt%. After that, the tensile strength showed a monotonic increase with increasing CNT concentration. Both the uniform distribution of CNT and increase of crystallinity were crucial to improving the tensile strength of PPS/CNT moldings. This work showed that PPS/CNT moldings with good electrical conductivity and mechanical performance can be molded at relatively high filler concentrations, which is critical for applications in demanding engineering sectors.
Linguistic variation in urban vernaculars and rural and urban youth language in South Africa
Authors: Hurst-Harosh Ellen , Goxo Thandiwe Ida
Published: September 2024

This article describes and attempts to differentiate varieties of spoken isiXhosa in South Africa – including variations of the isiXhosa-based stylect commonly referred to as Tsotsitaal (plural tsotsitaals), and the urban vernacular form of isiXhosa. The article introduces some new Tsotsitaal data from a rural context and unpacks whether a comparison with both standard and urban forms of isiXhosa is a useful analysis, and whether we can look at these different practices as varieties, or alternatively as a continuum of isiXhosa. The comparison highlights what may be features of the lexicon and morphosyntax of isiXhosa-based tsotsitaals compared to urban and standard isiXhosa, and points to possible differences between rural and urban tsotsitaals. Ultimately, the article concludes that the inherent variability in stylistic practice within youth and urban varieties demands larger datasets if we are to argue that different varieties are at play, rather than simply stylistic variation in interactional contexts.
Anomalous reflection for highly efficient subwavelength light concentration and extraction with photonic funnels
Authors: LaMountain Jacob , Raju Amogh , Wasserman Daniel , Podolskiy Viktor A.
Published: September 2024

Photonic funnels, microscale conical waveguides that have been recently realized in the mid-IR spectral range with the help of an all-semiconductor designer metal material platform, are promising devices for efficient coupling of light between the nanoscales and macroscales. Previous analyses of photonic funnels have focused on structures with highly conductive claddings. Here, we analyze the performance of funnels with and without cladding, as a function of material properties, operating wavelength, and geometry. We demonstrate that bare (cladding-free) funnels enable orders-of-magnitude higher enhancement of local intensity than their clad counterparts, with virtually no loss of confinement, and relate this phenomenon to anomalous reflection of light at the anisotropic material–air interface. Intensity enhancement of the order of 25, with confinement of light to wavelength/20 scale, is demonstrated. Efficient extraction of light from nanoscale areas is predicted.
On chip control and detection of complex SPP and waveguide modes based on plasmonic interconnect circuits
Authors: Zhang Canran , Xu Yijing , Tao Hui , Wang Pan , Cui Yunkang , Wang Qilong
Published: September 2024

Optical interconnects, leveraging surface plasmon modes, are revolutionizing high-performance computing and AI, overcoming the limitations of electrical interconnects in speed, energy efficiency, and miniaturization. These nanoscale photonic circuits integrate on-chip light manipulation and signal conversion, marking significant advancements in optoelectronics and data processing efficiency. Here, we present a novel plasmonic interconnect circuit, by introducing refractive index matching layer, the device supports both pure SPP and different hybrid modes, allowing selective excitation and transmission based on light wavelength and polarization, followed by photocurrent conversion. We optimized the coupling gratings to fine-tune transmission modes around specific near-infrared wavelengths for effective electrical detection. Simulation results align with experimental data, confirming the device’s ability to detect complex optical modes. This advancement broadens the applications of plasmonic interconnects in high-speed, compact optoelectronic and sensor technologies, enabling more versatile nanoscale optical signal processing and transmission.
Granhammar Man: axed down and thrown into the sea in Late Bronze Age Uppland, Sweden
Authors: Lindström Jonathan , Borrman Hélène , Kitzler Åhfeldt Laila , Kjellström Anna , Lidén Kerstin , Rundkvist Martin
Published: September 2024

In 1953 a human skeleton and a set of tools made from antler, bone, bronze, stone and wood was found embedded in marine clay under a former inlet of Lake Mälaren at Granhammar in Västra Ryd parish, Uppland province, Sweden. Andreas Oldeberg and Nils-Gustaf Gejvall published the find in 1959, and for half a century it did not see continued study.

This paper reports on a comprehensive series of re-studies and laboratory analyses of the skeleton and the artefact finds. Among the results are an unambiguous date by multiple methods in the late 800s cal BC, i. e. late Period V in Montelius’ chronology. Inferences are made about the individual’s geographical origin, diet and main occupation. Comparisons are made with the victims of mass violence from Tollense Valley in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

In a time and place where almost every dead person was cremated and no human remains were buried under anything but the strictest ritualised circumstances, Granhammar Man offers something unique and valuable. He was killed in combat far from home and sank to the sea floor with his leather-working equipment.
Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Concrete: Vegetal and Metalized Plastic Waste Fiber Synergy and Pull-Out Behavior
Authors: Chakhari Maher , Salem Nawel , Neji Jamel
Published: September 2024

Using one or more fibers in concrete is called “hybridization.” Although single-fiber concrete offers excellent performance, concrete reinforced with hybrid fibers gains speed as the synergy between the fibers results in amplified performance. This experimental work reflects the effects of incorporating 1, 2, and 3 % untreated singular and hybrid fibers on the physical and mechanical properties of lightweight concrete (LC) at 3, 28, and 90 days. Six mixture types were used: control LC, LC containing metalized plastic waste fibers (MPWFs), LC containing date palm fibers (DPFs), LC containing sisal fibers (SFs), LC with MPWFs and DPFs (Hybrid A), and LC with MPWFs and SFs (Hybrid B). In the fresh state, fiber introduction affected all mixes’ workability and wet density, and the reduction in slump and wet density was proportional to the fiber dose. However, in the hardened state, the results indicate that compressive strength (CS) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) decreased for LC containing only plastic or SFs. However, these properties increased slightly over the long term for blends containing 1 % DPF. Excepting mixtures containing MPWFs, fiber introduction improved flexural strength (FS) for all blends containing 1 % and 2 % fibers at 28 and 90 days. The most significant gains in FS were 8 % and 4 % at 28 and 90 days, respectively, for samples containing 1 % DPF. Nevertheless, fiber hybridization improved these mechanical properties and created a positive synergy in long-term bending. At 1 % fiber dosage, CS, MOE, and FS increased respectively by 3.05, 3.10, and 8 % for Hybrid A compared with the control LC. Pull-out testing provides the best means to understand typical failure modes and assess maximum tensile strength. Consequently, microstructural analysis enabled us to examine the bonding quality at the fiber-matrix interface.
Circadian Rhythms in Conditioned Threat Extinction Reflect Time-of-Day Differences in Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Neural Processing
Authors: Hartsock Matthew J. , Levy Catherine T. , Navarro Maria J. , Saddoris Michael P. , Spencer Robert L.
Published: September 2024

Circadian rhythms in conditioned threat extinction emerge from a tissue-level circadian timekeeper, or local clock, in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Yet it remains unclear how this local clock contributes to extinction-dependent adaptations. Here we used single-unit and local field potential analyses to interrogate neural activity in the male rat vmPFC during repeated extinction sessions at different times of day. In association with superior recall of a remote extinction memory during the circadian active phase, vmPFC putative principal neurons exhibited phasic firing that was amplified for cue presentations and diminished at transitions in freezing behavior. Coupling of vmPFC gamma amplitude to the phase of low-frequency oscillations was greater during freezing than mobility, and this difference was augmented during the active phase, highlighting a time-of-day dependence in the organization of freezing- versus mobility-associated cell assemblies. Additionally, a greater proportion of vmPFC neurons were phase-locked to low-frequency oscillations during the active phase, consistent with heightened neural excitability at this time of day. Our results suggest that daily fluctuations in vmPFC excitability precipitate enhanced neural recruitment into extinction-based cell assemblies during the active phase, providing a potential mechanism by which the vmPFC local clock modulates circuit and behavioral plasticity during conditioned threat extinction.
Retinal Input to Macaque Superior Colliculus Derives from Branching Axons Projecting to the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Authors: Zheng Yicen J. , Adams Daniel L. , Gentry Thomas N. , Dilbeck Mikayla D. , Economides John R. , Horton Jonathan C.
Published: September 2024

The superior colliculus receives a direct projection from retinal ganglion cells. In primates, it remains unknown if the same ganglion cells also supply the lateral geniculate nucleus. To address this issue, a double-label experiment was performed in two male macaques. The animals fixated a target while injection sites were scouted in the superior colliculus by recording and stimulating with a tetrode. Once suitable sites were identified, cholera toxin subunit B-Alexa Fluor 488 was injected via an adjacent micropipette. In a subsequent acute experiment, cholera toxin subunit B-Alexa Fluor 555 was injected into the lateral geniculate nucleus at matching retinotopic locations. After a brief survival period, ganglion cells were examined in retinal flatmounts. The percentage of double-labeled cells varied locally, depending on the relative efficiency of retrograde transport by each tracer and the precision of retinotopic overlap of injection sites in each target nucleus. In counting boxes with extensive overlap, 76–98% of ganglion cells projecting to the superior colliculus were double labeled. Cells projecting to the superior colliculus constituted 4.0–6.7% of the labeled ganglion cell population. In one particularly large zone, there were 5,746 cells labeled only by CTB-AF555, 561cells double labeled by CTB-AF555 and CTB-AF488, but no cell labeled only by CTB-AF488. These data indicate that retinal input to the macaque superior colliculus arises from a collateral axonal branch supplied by ∼5% of the ganglion cells that project to the lateral geniculate nucleus. Surprisingly, there exist no ganglion cells that project exclusively to the SC.
TRIM46 Is Required for Microtubule Fasciculation In Vivo But Not Axon Specification or Axon Initial Segment Formation
Authors: Melton Allison J. , Palfini Victoria L. , Ogawa Yuki , Oses Prieto Juan A. , Vainshtein Anna , Burlingame Alma L. , Peles Elior , Rasband Matthew N.
Published: September 2024

Vertebrate nervous systems use the axon initial segment (AIS) to initiate action potentials and maintain neuronal polarity. The microtubule-associated protein tripartite motif containing 46 (TRIM46) was reported to regulate axon specification, AIS assembly, and neuronal polarity through the bundling, or fasciculation, of microtubules in the proximal axon. However, these claims are based on TRIM46 knockdown in cultured neurons. To investigate TRIM46 function in vivo, we examined male and female TRIM46 knock-out mice. Contrary to previous reports, we find that TRIM46 is dispensable for axon specification and AIS formation. TRIM46 knock-out mice are viable, have normal behavior, and have normal brain structure. Thus, TRIM46 is not required for AIS formation, axon specification, or nervous system function. However, we confirm that TRIM46 is required for microtubule fasciculation. We also show TRIM46 enrichment in the first ∼100 μm of axon occurs independently of ankyrinG (AnkG) in vivo, although AnkG is required to restrict TRIM46 only to the AIS. Our results highlight the need for further investigation of the mechanisms by which the AIS and microtubules interact to shape neuronal structure and function.
What Is Animal Prehistory?
Authors: Hussain Shumon T.
Published: September 2024

This paper engages animal archaeologies with key debates in animal history. Animal archaeology is currently and primarily framed as a multi-species venture, and a brief review of its disciplinary genealogies illustrates dominant foci on questions of ecology and (posthuman) ontology. I argue that this situation, paradoxically, has led archaeologists to largely neglect the challenges of the historical animal. To overcome this constriction, animal archaeology needs to conceive of itself also as a critical and conceptual project—coevally celebrating and problematizing the notion of “the animal.” Importantly, this project pivots to questions of historicity, with regard to both its animal subjects of study and animal scholarship itself. I position “animal prehistory” as a strategic lens to bring to the fore and interrogate these unattended animal specificities and articulate them with long-standing concerns in animal history. I suggest this can proffer a new, exciting field of inquiry and exchange for both historians and archaeologists.
“Nevertheless, “Dim” Is Coming”: Extracts from an Article by M. Kutorga in F. M. Dostoevsky’s Manuscripts
Authors: Skoropadskaya Anna
Published: September 2024

“A Writer’s Diary” is an example of the unique journalistic style of Dostoevsky, who worked in many journalistic genres, including political review. The writer analyzed current domestic and international events, relying on a large volume of the metropolitan, provincial and foreign press, as well as appealing to examples from distant and recent history. Extracts from an article by the Russian antiquarian M. S. Kutorga, found in the working materials for “A Writer’s Diary” for 1876, are a vivid example of such appeals. Dostoevsky is interested in the thoughts of Plato and Aristotle cited by Kutorga about tyranny, democracy, monarchy, oligarchy, and also about Solon’s reforms. This article provides a factual and textual commentary on the extracts, determines their connection with the contents of the 1875–1876 notebook. The facts of ancient history, interpreted by the ancient Greek philosophers and, subsequently, by the Russian historian, resonate with the historiosophical concept of Dostoevsky, who defends the monarchical and Orthodox positions.
Attributive Features of F. I. Tyutchev’s Poetics
Authors: Mosaleva Galina
Published: September 2024

The article substantiates the idea of Tyutchev as a recipient of the Orthodox ideals of East Slavic literature. Four of the eight attribute properties inherent in it, which are of particular importance for Tyutchev’s poetry, are considered in detail: knowledge of God, grace, religion, conciliarity. As in ancient Russian literature, Tyutchev’s author appears as an instrument of the Creator, which is manifested in the practical absence of a lyrical hero in Tyutchev’s works and the activity of an epic narrator. For Tyutchev, the poet is a student of the Russian poetry school. The highest authorities for Tyutchev are Pushkin, Karamzin, Zhukovsky and Lomonosov, who, like himself, are only an instrument in God’s hands. The property of the knowledge of God for Tyutchev is associated with the image of a secret-seer, a contemplator of elevated spectacles: natural, historical, spiritual. In this regard, Tyutchev’s poetry abounds with natural, airy, heavenly images. Tyutchev’s image of the temple is also connected with the property of God-knowledge, which comprises the whole complex of dogmatic, historical and liturgical meanings. The property of grace in Tyutchev is especially manifested in love lyrics, acting as poetry of spiritual and moral self-exposure. Wounds inflicted in a personal relationship can only be healed by the gift of divine grace. Suffering and sacrifice for Tyutchev are the means of acquiring godlike properties: patience, meekness, humility, love. In Tyutchev’s mature lyrics, the property of religion manifests itself to a special extent, visibly appearing in the cycle of poems about Slavs and in polemical poems directed against Catholicism and Protestantism. They also actualize the category of sobornost’, which reveals itself in Tyutchev’s address to a fellow poet, a Slav poet. Tyutchev’s poetry thus appears as the place of struggle for the Truth, for Orthodox ideals, for his native word, native faith, and for his soul. It is a decisive refutation of Western individualism and secessionism and the affirmation of the ideals of Orthodox sobornost’
Impact of CFTR Modulator Therapies on Liver Function in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: A Systematic Review of Hepatic Biomarkers
Authors: Moiceanu Elena Simona , Leucuța Daniel Corneliu , Nițescu Viorela Gabriela , Lescaie Andreea , Iacobescu Maria , Stan Iustina Violeta , Moșescu Simona Elena , Vivisenco Iolanda Cristina , Dumitrașcu Dan Lucian
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, including elexacaftor/ivacaftor/tezacaftor (ETI) and lumacaftor/ivacaftor (LI), have revolutionized the treatment of cystic fibrosis. However, their impact on liver function remains unclear, with varying effects reported across studies. The aim of this study was to systematically review the effects of CFTR modulators on liver function in cystic fibrosis patients by evaluating changes in key hepatic biomarkers.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Europe PubMed Central and PubMed databases for studies published between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2023. Eligible studies included those assessing the impact of CFTR modulators on liver biomarkers in cystic fibrosis patients. Meta-analyses were performed where possible.
Results: Six studies encompassing 195 patients were included, with significant heterogeneity in study design, population, and outcomes. The review found mixed results for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels, with some studies reporting increases and others decreases. LI therapy was associated with significant reductions in GGT and alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels, while ETI therapy showed significant increases in bilirubin levels. Albumin levels increased significantly with both therapies.
Conclusions: CFTR modulators have varying effects on liver function biomarkers in cystic fibrosis patients, with LI therapy generally showing more favorable outcomes on liver health. The significant heterogeneity among studies underscores the need for more standardized research to better understand these effects and guide clinical management.
Blue economy in the green fields: rethinking value chain analysis of inland fisheries in Bangladesh
Authors: Rayhan Md. Israt , Sultana Nayeem
Published: September 2024

Bangladesh ranks as the third largest country in terms of inland freshwater resources. This study seeks to explore the current development of the inland cultured fish market value chain and the criteria for its expansion. A field survey was conducted across inland fishery farms in eight districts, representing all eight divisions of Bangladesh. From each district, four farms were selected, including small, medium, and large operations. Regression analyses were performed on various covariates in relation to total sells, with and without resampling. Key factors identified as significant include total production, farmer's age, farm size, electricity costs, minnow expenses, culture duration, loan transactions, and specific regional divisions. The findings suggest that as farmer’s age, expand their farm areas, and extend the culture period, total sells are likely to increase. According to the survey data, retailers enjoy the highest profit margin at 29%, while farm owners or farmers hold the second highest margin at 26% for inland carp fish.
Academician Platon Kostyuk: 100 years of scientific heritage and discoveries
Authors:   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lukyanetz О.О.
Published: September 2024

This year marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of the distinguished Ukrainian neurophysiologist Platon Hryhorovych Kostyuk. His scientific achievements and contributions to global neurophysiology remain invaluable, continuing to influence the development of modern science. Platon Hryhorovych Kostyuk (August 20, 1924 – May 10, 2010) was a prominent Ukrainian neurophysiologist whose work left a profound impact not only on Ukrainian science but also on the global stage. His contributions to neurophysiology, molecular physiology, and cellular biophysics are unparalleled and have laid the groundwork for future research in these fields.
Rozwój inżynierskich form działalności naukowo-badawczej oraz dydaktycznej we wrocławskich szkołach wyższych 1949‒1989
Authors: Popiński Krzysztof
Published: September 2024

Pod koniec lat 40. XX w. głównym zadaniem polskiego szkolnictwa wyższego stało się kształcenie kadr na poziomie wyższym dla gospodarki, zwłaszcza przemysłu, oraz prowadzenie działalności naukowej w ramach krajowego sektora badawczo-rozwojowego. W związku z przyspieszoną industrializacją kraju priorytet uzyskały politechniki. Ponieważ jednak ich rozwój dokonywał się wolniej, niż oczekiwano, także uczelnie o innej specjalizacji zostały stopniowo ukierunkowane na profil utylitarny i techniczny. Większość z nich musiała w swojej działalności uwzględniać zadania współpracy z gospodarką narodową, w szczególności z przemysłem. Spowodowało to pojawienie się na wielu uczelniach niebędących politechnikami ‒ także wrocławskich – inżynierskich kierunków kształcenia oraz technicznej tematyki w działalności naukowo-badawczej. W wymiarze ilościowym umożliwiło to wykształcenie wielu tysięcy dodatkowych specjalistów formalnie przygotowanych do pracy w przemyśle, a także przyniosło znaczną ilość opracowań badawczych, które miały sprzyjać jego rozwojowi. W wymiarze jakościowym skuteczność tych działań była jednak ograniczona. Zarówno podejmowany w uczelniach proces kształcenia, jak i prowadzona tam działalność naukowo-badawcza z powodu niedostatecznego finansowania, skromnego zaplecza technicznego oraz słabego związku z praktyką przemysłową miały często pozorowany charakter. Absolwenci byli niedostatecznie przygotowani do podjęcia pracy w przedsiębiorstwach. Efekty działalności naukowo-badawczej prowadzonej w uczelniach w niewielkim stopniu nadawały się do wdrożenia do produkcji. Ponadto przedsiębiorstwom z uwagi na systemowe realia gospodarki socjalistycznej nie zależało na podnoszeniu realnych kwalifikacji swojej kadry czy na wdrażaniu nowych rozwiązań technicznych lub technologicznych.
Enhanced precision in greenhouse tomato recognition and localization: A study leveraging advances in Yolov5 and binocular vision technologies
Authors: Wang Shuangyou , Shao Zhanying , Zhang Yongjian
Published: September 2024

The core challenge in realizing automatic tomato harvesting in greenhouse environments lies in the precise identification and localization of the fruits. This paper introduces a comprehensive approach based on an improved YOLOv5 detection algorithm and optimized binocular stereo vision technology. Firstly, by introducing the C3-Transformer Encoder (CTM) structure and Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (Bi-FPN), this study enhanced the model’s ability to recognize tomatoes, especially under complex backgrounds and occlusion conditions. After field testing, the mAP50 accuracy reached 97.1%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points, enhancing detection precision. In addition, the ZED binocular camera was used, and the census stereo matching algorithm was optimized, significantly reducing disparity errors, thereby improving the accuracy of depth information. This allows the model to accurately calculate the three-dimensional spatial position of tomatoes obscured by branches and leaves, greatly improving the efficiency of the harvesting robot. Through field debugging verification with the harvesting robot, the method proposed in this study has shown high accuracy and reliability in the recognition and localization of tomatoes in complex greenhouse environments.
Rywalizacja globalna a losy chińskiej Inicjatywy Pasa i Szlaku i świata
Authors:   Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula, Hübner Wojciech
Published: September 2024

China’s contemporary Belt and Road Initiative (the “New Silk Road”) as the leading idea of China’s foreign policy in the President’s Xi Jinping era is an attempt to continue the unique tradition of the historical Silk Road. However, in the conditions of the present day, the great ideas of the Silk Road have to face in reality the challenges of the modern global world. The author shows the contemporary challenges (internal and external) facing international projects of the Belt and Road Initiative, and becoming their typical problems. The article could be used to formulate many multi-threaded conclusions, but in the end, the hope preveils that if the ideas of the Belt and Road were liberated from the context of global political competition, humanity would gain enormously. The conditions for accelerated economic growth would be created, promoting the idea of expansion based on peaceful cooperation, which – in the current era of tensions, unrest and a number of war outbreaks in the world – is particularly needed.
Dlaczego nie można inaczej? Ograniczona reprezentacja wyborców w sejmikach wojewódzkich w latach 2014–2024
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Jankowski Marcin , Pieniężny Dawid ,   Uniwersytet Wrocławski
Published: September 2024

The problem of distorting the representativeness of elections to provincial assemblies in Poland is widely noted. The local government elections in 2024 confirm the indicated state of affairs. In many situations, the natural electoral threshold significantly exceeds the statutory threshold, and large groups of citizens do not have their representation in the sejmiks, while the largest groupings are overrepresented. The authors of this article set out to compare the number of voters without representation in provincial assemblies after the introduction of the Electoral Code, i.e. in the 2014, 2018 and 2024 local elections, despite having voted for groupings that exceeded the statutory electoral threshold. The authors, using institutional-legal analysis and classical systemic analysis, also propose a simple way to solve the pointed out significant problem for the representativeness of the elections, which is the abandonment of the division of provinces into smaller electoral districts.
Philosophical manifestation in dance: bridging movement and thought
Authors: Wang Feifan
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Dance showcases sophisticated skills and rhythms while embodying profound philosophical thought, bridging physical expression and self-realization. However, it faces challenges like superficial understanding, diminished expressive confidence and weak integration with philosophy. This paper begins by introducing the fundamentals of dance and its movement techniques. Then, it delves into the dialectical relationship between dance and philosophy, examining both the artistic and creative dimensions of dance. It further explores how philosophical ideas manifest within dance, enhancing its expressive power. The research highlights the significant benefits of integrating dance with philosophical inquiry, noting its crucial role in deepening the understanding of the value of dance, facilitating personal growth and invigorating creative processes. This integration not only addresses the current challenges by enriching the theoretical framework for dance, but also provides practical insights that can elevate both the practice and appreciation of dance. By fortifying the bond between dance and philosophy, this study aims to foster a more comprehensive understanding of dance, encouraging a more thoughtful and innovative approach to dance creation and providing a robust theoretical foundation for future explorations in both dance and philosophical studies.
Aria of thought: philosophical exploration through the expression of vocal music
Authors: Sun Jie
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Philosophy significantly contributes to the inheritance of human thought and the humanistic spirit. Traditional explorations in philosophy, often rational and abstract, may struggle to engage deeply with human emotions and experiences. This article delves into the expression of philosophical ideas through vocal music, particularly during the Romantic era, to bridge this gap. By examining the integration of philosophical concepts into 19th-century vocal compositions, the study highlights how vocal music can serve as a potent medium for philosophical discourse. It explores the symbiotic relationship between vocal music and philosophy, analyzing how arias express and pursue philosophical inquiries. This research evaluates the role of vocal music in philosophical exploration through three dimensions: emotional expression, conceptual communication and inspirational impact. The findings aim to demonstrate the transformative power of music to convey philosophical thoughts, inspiring deeper contemplation of life, existence and values, and encouraging a reevaluation of the unique capacity of vocal music to communicate profound ideas.
Formação em pesquisa qualitativa nos programas de pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva: panorama no Brasil
Authors: Rocha Dais Gonçalves , Nunes Nilza Rogéria Andrade , Espírito-Santo Giannina do , Bosi Maria Lúcia Magalhães
Published: September 2024

Resumo: Este artigo analisa as evidências sobre a formação em pesquisa qualitativa dos programas de pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC) credenciados pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), no Brasil, no ano de 2021. Para realizar o mapeamento das disciplinas foi consultada a Plataforma Sucupira para a localização dos PPGSC e busca nos portais institucionais. Foram identificadas 98 disciplinas e utilizando a análise temática reflexiva foi possível agrupar a produção dos dados e caracterização das disciplinas nas seguintes macrocategorias de análise: (1) carga horária e modalidade de oferta (obrigatória ou eletiva); (2) objetivos de ensino-aprendizagens; (3) conteúdos (com destaque para investigação dos paradigmas científicos ou diferentes abordagens teórico-metodológicas da investigação qualitativa); e (4) metodologias de ensino-aprendizagens. Dos resultados, destacam-se que: apenas 40,4% são obrigatórias e predominaram os objetivos de ensino-aprendizagem com foco na instrumentalização e habilitar os(as) pós-graduandos (as) na construção dos projetos de pesquisa. 59,3% não informaram o tipo de metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem. Há uma lacuna quanto à utilização das tecnologias e ambientes digitais e predomínio do formato textual. Constatou-se fragilidade na formação epistemológico-teórica. A aprendizagem do paradigma positivista predomina em relação ao paradigma interpretativo de teorias/tradições críticas. Ao final, são sistematizados elementos para um itinerário formativo com graus crescentes de complexidade, intencionalmente estruturado e desenvolvido em um ambiente institucional que propicie decolonialidade e reparação epistêmica.
THEORY OF STUDY ACTIVITY AND REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION: ARTICULATION AND POSSIBILITIES
Authors: SANTOS DAYENE FERREIRA DOS , SILVA GABRIEL DOS SANTOS E , MIGUEL JOSÉ CARLOS
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: This paper is the result of a bibliographic review, whose research is of a qualitative nature and aims to verify the limits and possibilities of a theoretical articulation between the Study Activity Theory (SAT) and the didactic current of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME). The Theory of Study Activity has its origins in Vygotsky's Cultural-Historical Theory, while Realistic Mathematics Education is a proposal by the mathematician educator Freudenthal. The theory about the activity of study relies on the foundation of researchers such as Davidov, Elkonin, Luria, Leontiev, and Repkin, among others, developed in Russian schools in the 1960s. In a short period, Freudenthal's approach appeared to be applied in Dutch schools. Both groups of researchers (Vygotsky and Freudenthal) were concerned with understanding the teaching and learning process: the Russians were focused on the development of the human psyche, specifically, of the child, while the Dutch educators were focused on the teaching of Mathematics in elementary schools. The research results indicate that there is a possibility of articulation between these approaches, especially in the teaching of Mathematics, since the SAT highlights human activity as a source for the development of humanity and that the teaching and learning process needs to consider the historical subject's culture; Freudenthal considers mathematics as a human activity and emphasizes the need to adopt practices that value the “rediscovery” of mathematical concepts through historical and cultural recovery.