bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Future destabilisation of Titan as a result of Saturn’s tilting
Authors: Saillenfest Melaine , Lari Giacomo
Published: July 2021

Context. As a result of Titan’s migration and Saturn’s probable capture in secular spin–orbit resonance, recent works show that Saturn’s obliquity could be steadily increasing today and may reach large values in the next billions of years. Satellites around high-obliquity planets are known to be unstable in the vicinity of their Laplace radius, but the approximations used so far for Saturn’s spin axis are invalidated in this regime.

Aims. We aim to investigate the behaviour of a planet and its satellite when the satellite crosses its Laplace radius while the planet is locked in secular spin–orbit resonance.

Methods. We expand on previous works and revisit the concept of Laplace surface. We use it to build an averaged analytical model that couples the planetary spin-axis and satellite dynamics.

Results. We show that the dynamics is organised around a critical point, S1, at which the phase-space structure is singular, located at 90° obliquity and near the Laplace radius. If the spin-axis precession rate of the planet is maintained fixed by a resonance while the satellite migrates outwards or inwards, then S1 acts as an attractor towards which the system is forced to evolve. When it reaches the vicinity of S1, the entire system breaks down, either because the planet is expelled from the secular spin–orbit resonance or because the satellite is ejected or collides into the planet.

Conclusions. Provided that Titan’s migration is not halted in the future, Titan and Saturn may reach instability between a few gigayears and several tens of gigayears from now, depending on Titan’s migration rate. The evolution would destabilise Titan and drive Saturn towards an obliquity of 90°. Our findings may have important consequences for Uranus. They also provide a straightforward mechanism for producing transiting exoplanets with a face-on massive ring, a configuration that is often put forward to explain some super-puff exoplanets.
Uncertainties of ISO 3382-3 sound pressure level quantities
Authors: Schneider Moritz , Selzer Jan , Rissler Jörg , Wolff Andrea , Schelle Florian
Published: July 2021

The ISO 3382-3 standard uses the measurable sound pressure based parameters D2,S and Lp,A,S,4 m to describe the acoustic properties of open-plan offices. As yet however, no treatment of the measurement uncertainty of these parameters according to the Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) is to be found in the peer-reviewed literature. This technical note therefore describes how the measurement uncertainty can be declared according to GUM. The mathematical framework presented here can be used and expanded by other laboratories to derive their own uncertainty estimates. It is also applied in this document to 44 measurements yielding combined uncertainties for D2,S of 0.55 dB ≤ $ {\sigma }_{c,{D}_{2,\mathrm{S}}}$ ≤ 0.67 dB and for Lp,A,S,4 m of 0.19 dB ≤ $ {\sigma }_{c,{L}_{p,\mathrm{A},\mathrm{S},4\enspace \mathrm{m}}}$ ≤ 0.83 dB. The implications of this result are discussed with regard to limit values in technical regulations.
Diffeomorphic approximation of planar Sobolev homeomorphisms in rearrangement invariant spaces
Authors: Campbell Daniel , Greco Luigi , Schiattarella Roberta , Soudský Filip
Published: July 2021

Let Ω ⊆ ℝ2 be a domain, let X be a rearrangement invariant space and let f ∈ W1 X (Ω, ℝ2) be a homeomorphism between Ω and f(Ω). Then there exists a sequence of diffeomorphisms fk converging to f in the space W1X (Ω, ℝ2).
Development of NRU MPEI active energy complex calculation model
Authors: Anikeeva Anna , Frey Diana , Myakota Kirill , Chumachenko Nikolay , But Darya
Published: July 2021

Implementation of AEC on the basis of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute is being solved. The paper considered the technical and economic conditions for the creation of AEC in the retail electricity (power) markets. Technological, organizational and economic systems of interaction between AEC participants formed on the grounds of the MPEI CHPP. To form a business model of AEC NRU MPEI functioning, an analysis of the energy consumption balance for consumers connected to the distribution networks of the MPEI CHPP was carried out as well as analysis of the technical and economic indicators of the MPEI CHPP operation. Through the research the possibilities of the AEC of NRU MPEI for payments to the unified energy system and economic efficiency of the AEC organization were assessed.
Application of prognostic ensembles of global climate models to generate distributed estimates of water content in catchment basins
Authors: Petruhina Valeriya
Published: July 2021

The problem of predicting climate change and its impact on humans is quite important and relevant in recent times. For a long time, mechanisms and methods for predicting the behavior of the climate in various regions and regions of our planet have been developed. Due to climate change, aggressive human impact on nature, and other various factors, the methods developed in the mid-twentieth century are becoming ineffective, and it is time-consuming but feasible to calculate using several methods. The article considers the technology of processing geoclimatic data, which is used to form spatially distributed predictive estimates of the state of the atmosphere.
Simulation of power lines with longitudinal compensation device
Authors: Novokreshchenov Vitaly
Published: July 2021

With series compensation of the line reactance, the problem of its protection against overcurrents arises regarding relay protection. The greater the degree of compensation, the greater the problem. When compensating for more than 50% of the reactance of the line, the protection of power transmission lines becomes practically impossible due to the failure or false operation of all existing kinds and types of protection [1, 2]. Therefore, as for now, the compensation of the line reactance usually is no more than 50% [3, 4], which does not allow to reveal the full potential of the line in terms of its transmission capacity. The goal of this research was to study the processes occurring in emergency modes on power lines equipped with a series capacitor bank, the understanding of which would help to produce algorithms that can protect power lines with SCB with a degree of the longitudinal resistance compensation of the line of more than 50%.
Analysis of world practices for stimulating the development of renewable energy sources. A case study for Russian conditions
Authors: Karamov Dmitriy N. , Maltsev Ilia A. , Tsyrendorzhiev Bain B.
Published: July 2021

This document analysis the methods of stimulating renewable energy (RES) in various countries, describes the barriers and problems that hinder the development of alternative energy. Studies conducted in countries with a developed renewable energy sector will allow us to conclude that the development incentive systems (Feed-in-tariff (FIT), Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RSP), auctions, reverse auctions and various tax incentives) have had the required impact and the government of such countries has moved to establish parity between renewable and traditional energy, as well as to optimize the systems for promoting the development of clean energy. Green energy in countries that are actively developing renewable energy are building models and infrastructures based on the experience and methods of solving the problems of countries with a developed RES support system.
The clique approach to identifying critical elements in gas transmission networks
Authors: Vorobev Sergey , Kolosnitsyn Anton , Minarchenko Ilya
Published: July 2021

We consider the gas transmission network operating on the territory of the Russian Federation. This network includes gas fields, gas consumers, nodal compressor stations, underground gas storages, which, depending on the given scenario of the system operation, can act as gas sources or gas consumers. The nodes are connected by means of gas pipelines. Because natural gas is used in heat and power engineering and electricity, the gas transmission network may be exposed to terrorist threats, and the actions of intruders may be directed both at gas production facilities and gas pipelines. To simulate intruders attacks, a model of the attacker-defender type was proposed. In this model, the defender, represented by the system operator, solves the problem of finding the maximum flow to meet the needs of gas consumers. The attacker, in turn, attempts to minimize the maximum flow in the gas transmission network by excluding either nodes or gas pipelines. Gas transmission networks in Russia and Europe are very extensive, ramified, and have many bridges and reserve gas pipelines. Therefore, to inflict maximum damage to the system, attacks on cliques, that is, on several interconnected objects, are modelled. The article presents the results of test calculations, in which we identify the most significant combinations of objects in the gas transmission network in terms of the potential threat from terrorist attacks.
Analysis of cost efficiency of hydrogen production via electrolysis: the Russian case study
Authors: Solyanik Andrey
Published: July 2021

The article focused on investigation of cost efficiency of hydrogen production via water electrolysis in Russia up to 2030. Different non-carbon generation technologies were assumed as input sources for electrolysis, namely wind, solar, hydro and nuclear power plants. Analysis is based on levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) framework incorporating all cost related to electrolysis (capital cost, operation & maintenance, electricity price, etc.). Additionally, we estimated LCOH sensitivity to some techno-economic parameters – cost of capital, capital expenses and capacity factor of different power supply sources.
Prospects for the use of solar energy in the Irkutsk Region and the Republic of Buryatia
Authors: Kuznetsova О.S. , Khanaev V.V.
Published: July 2021

Due to the ever-increasing volume of energy consumption, the number of power plants capable of generating the necessary amount of electrical energy inevitably increases. The development and construction of new renewable energy sources and distribution generation facilities, the increase in electricity consumption and the growth of the tariff stimulates the search for effective technological solutions. Also in connection with the increasing popularity and improvement of technologies, there is a natural need to assess the prospects and potential opportunities of SES in the region as a whole, and for the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia, in particular.
Graph-analytical method of load mode analysis of ferromagnetic current stabilizer
Authors: Rasulov A N , Rafikova G R , Novikov N L , Ruzinazarov M R , Esemuratova S
Published: July 2021

In this paper we consider the application of graph-analytical method for the analysis of the load regime of ferromagnetic current stabilizer. It is proved that under active load the current of the ferromagnetic stabilizer and magnetic flux are related by the ellipse equation where the axes coincide with the axes of coordinate system. The advantage of the proposed method is that it is possible to use an experimentally obtained characteristic.
Loading mode of a ferromagnetic current stabilizer
Authors: Rasulov A N , Ruzinazarov M R , Novikov N L , Aslanova G N , Esemuratova S
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the analysis of the steady-state mode of a ferrimagnetic current stabilizer with active-inductive and active-capacitive loads, for assessing energy and operational indicators. The constructed adjustment characteristics determine the zone of stabilizations, which depend on the parameters of the device.
Study of optimality of existing 10 kV overhead wire standard section scale
Authors: Taslimov A D , Keshuov S. A. , Yuldashev A. A. , Baymuratov K K , Mamarasulova T S
Published: July 2021

In the article, using the method of economic intervals using the principle of limiting the permissible increase in costs from the optimal ones, the existing scale of standard wire cross-sections of 10 kV lines was investigated and, as a result, it was established that the existing scale does not satisfy the conditions of optimality and a new scale was developed that satisfies the conditions of economy.
Energy saving in industry
Authors: Rakhmonov I U , Ushakov V Ya , Niyozov N N , Kurbonov N N , Mamutov M
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the basic principles of energy saving in industry and methods for identifying and assessing the reserves of energy savings in industrial enterprises. The necessity of new complex solutions to this problem has been substantiated by developing integrated algorithms containing solutions for the rational use of energy resources of enterprises of various industries.
Sustainable development methodology of fuel-energy complex of the republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Allaeva G J
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the main elements sustainable development methodology of the fuel and energy complex of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Methods and ways of improving the organizational and economic mechanism of sustainable energy development are proposed.
Expander-generator set for utilization of natural gas overpressure energy
Authors: Mukolyants A. A. , Sotnikova I V , Ergasheva D K , Taubaldiev A. A.
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the problem of using secondary energy resources in the system of transportation and distribution of natural gas, and the possibility of generating electricity without burning fuel by reducing high-pressure natural gas at gas distribution stations. The analysis of the influence of the gas temperature at the entrance to the expander - generator unit, as well as the dependence of the power of the expander - generator unit on the gas temperature and the temperature of the low-potential source is presented. Optimal temperatures are obtained at which the power of the expander-generator unit is maximal for the given gas parameters.
Relationship between mains costs and voltage switches
Authors: Alimov A , Akbarov F , Eshniyazova G B , Tureniyaziva A
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the issues of interconnection of network costs and power quality, in particular voltage deviations. The graphs of the distribution of voltage deviations for electrical receivers are given for two calculated load modes - the highest (100%) and the lowest (25%), corresponding to the choice of wires of 10 and 0.38 kV overhead lines for economic loads and voltage stabilization on 10 kV buses of 35/10 kV RTP at the level of + 5%.
Development of the sectoral system of remuneration of medical workers of state healthcare institutions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Authors: Omelchenko Irina , Dozortzev Oleg , Danilina Marina , Vas’kov Alexander , Zabelina Olga
Published: July 2021

The article analyses the Development of a sectoral system of remuneration of medical workers of state healthcare institutions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It was determined, the PM differentiation, as well as the differentiation of the cost of a fixed set of consumer goods and services, is too low for use in the OSS, while the value of the coefficient of variation for the median wage is much higher, and at the same time, if this indicator is used in the OSS, with a significant decrease in the differentiation between the most the richest and poorest budgets will not experience the problems. Thus, the most appropriate indicator, taking into account the existing resources of the federal budget, for use in order to take into account the economic differentiation of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation is the median salary of employees of organizations.
Digitalization and Indian economy: patterns and questions
Authors: Lazanyuk Inna , Modi Swati
Published: July 2021

Digital technologies play a crucial role in enhancing the competitiveness of the economy and promoting economic growth in many countries. The paper is dedicated to the development of digitalization in the modern economy of India and its impact on economic processes that determine the country's economic growth. We analyzed changes in unemployment, debit and credit card transactions, indirect tax revenues, exports, and trade volumes. In this work, we used analysis and methods of correlation-regression analysis. We found a positive relationship between the number of debit and credit card transactions for indirect tax collection. We confirmed that digitalization had influenced the growth of exports and trade volumes by increasing the role of e-commerce while not increasing the unemployment rate.
Eco-efficiency of regional development: strategical planning with DEA
Authors: Ratner Svetlana , Kovalev Andrey
Published: July 2021

Despite the implementation of the national “Ecology” project, attempts to develop low-carbon energy and transport, the implementation of “garbage reform” and other measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of the economy on the environment, the eco-efficiency of production systems in Russia remains low. In this paper, we propose a new approach to solving the problems of comparative assessment of the effectiveness of regional environmental management systems (R-EMS), taking into account the structural heterogeneity of the regional economies. The developed approach includes the simultaneous solution of two DEA tasks, one of which is formulated to assess the eco-efficiency of the region’s economy, and the other to assess the efficiency of spending funds aimed at protecting the environment in the region. As a result of solving two problems, the researcher receives a large amount of information that can be used in developing strategies for regional development. In particular, the information obtained can be used to develop measures to stimulate the activities of regional authorities in the field of environmental management and increase their responsibility for the effectiveness of environmental protection measures. The proposed approach was tested on the example of solving the problem of comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the R-EMSs in Russia in the period 2015-2019. However, the method developed by us is not tied to specific territories and can be used to conduct similar studies in other countries and regions.
High-Tech industry budget assessment and planning model
Authors: Khrustalev Еvgenii , Khrustalev Oleg , Baranova Nina , Loginova Daria
Published: July 2021

In the conditions of a constant budget deficit allocated to the research and manufacturing complex, the problem of value for money take on particular significance. The solution to this problem largely depends on the scientific validity of planning budget expenditures for innovative development and, first of all, on the optimality of the plans being developed in the context of crises, pandemics or sanctions. In this connection, the article analyzes modern research and manufacturing complex development processes under fiscal stress. As a result, economic and mathematical tools based on the analytic hierarchy process will be scientifically substantiated and developed. This method is designed to build a model that allows to quantify and efficiently distribute funds allocated by the State. This is necessary for the formation of that part of the budget item, which refers to the innovative development of knowledge-based industry.
National systems of technology transfer of BRICS countries: features of formation
Authors: Solovieva Yuliana , He Mingjun
Published: July 2021

The article considers the features of creation and development of organizational systems of technology transfer in the BRICS member countries (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China, South Africa), interaction of participants in the innovation process. The author identifies the significant role of the regional component in the formation of effective national innovation systems. The purpose of the article is to analyze the national innovation systems of the BRICS member countries, since each of these countries has gone its own way of innovative development, justified by regional characteristics. Based on the analysis of transfer systems operating in the BRICS countries, the author identifies key and most promising areas for the development of the integration of the scientific and educational, production spheres and the state in order to form special mechanisms for organizing innovative processes that ensure effective interaction between all its participants, contributing to the formation of competitive high-tech products.
New trends and competition in the market of higher education services in the context of digitalization
Authors: Astratova Galina V. , Rutkauskas Tatyana K. , Parushina Natalya V. , Suchkova Natalya A.
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study was to analyze new trends, competition and structural changes in higher education in the context of digitalization. The main directions of higher education development in the XXI century are identified. It is shown that by 2020, new trends in the market of higher education services have appeared and fully manifested themselves, due to three key factors: 1) increased global competition; 2) the active introduction of digital technologies in higher education; 3) the impact of the global COVID pandemic on educational technologies. It is shown that the coronavirus pandemic was a powerful incentive for the transition to digital technologies in higher education. Thanks to digitalization, the structure of the market has changed, and the number of players has increased significantly, and the market consists of private and public institutions, ministries of education and government agencies, educational, consulting and test (rating) companies, etc. Moreover, the global competition of universities for quality is becoming more organized and technically equipped; it increasingly relies on impersonal methods of assessing quality using digital technologies. At the same time, the authors draw a number of conclusions about the negative consequences of distance education. It is shown that competitiveness and accessibility of educational services for different categories of citizens in the difficult conditions of global challenges and threats, the wave pandemic, is ensured through high-quality interaction of all participants in the process, the activity of scientists and practitioners around the world, and state support for teaching initiatives in all regions of the country.
Technology transfer of the military-industrial complex as a factor in increasing the science intensity of the civilian industry
Authors: Akimkina Daria , Khrustalev Еvgenii , Baranova Nina , Loginova Daria
Published: July 2021

The high innovation potential of the Russian military-industrial complex can become a source of technology for the civilian industry. In the context of the diversification of the military-industrial complex, the development of an effective technology transfer can become one of the key elements in building a competitive Russian economy. The article contains a diagram of the mechanism for the innovative technology development and transfer between the military and civilian sectors. On the basis of this method, it is possible to build effective schemes for technology transfer and exchange and joint work of the military and civilian industries. The emergence of a technology broker, as an intermediary between the military-industrial and civilian complexes, will accelerate the development of active information and scientific exchange between these sectors, will make it possible to bring technologies to its implementation faster, and industries become more knowledge-intensive. Integration of the military and civilian sectors will help to reduce the technological gap within the country, lagging behind the world level.
The analytic study of the Russian experience in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR): the lessons for Iran and developing countries
Authors: Rezaeinejad Ismael , Khaniwadekar Amol , Singh Rana Karan
Published: July 2021

There is no doubt that large Russian firms are aware of the traditional symbols and concepts of CSR, and, more importantly, they admit that it benefits them to include these concepts in their corporate strategies. Large companies adopted internal and external policies to improve their employees’ well-being in terms of health, housing, and a wide variety of educational and cultural programs. The emphasis on CSR is primarily on domestic issues. So far, little attention has been paid to global warming, environmental protection, fair trade, or business activity’s carbon effects. The use of CSR by Russian companies in various fields is mainly from the companies operating in the leading industry, where foreigners have significant investments. However, there is only a balanced level of attention to national standards, and therefore governmental reporting is limited according to standards of international organizations in Russia. There has been a corporate social responsibility in Russia in response to its history and policy. This pattern followed a very different way from other non - socialist countries because Russia’s market economy is still very new, increasing attention to CSR, such as corporate governance, is still not grown up, but that is mainly occurring in large firms with an international profile or under the State’s influence to participate in CSR activities. This paper attempts to review the Russian country’s experiences due to its similarity in the former Soviet times with the Iranian economy’s current circumstances, analyze and compare and solutions that a government must consider to be transferred from a government-run to a market economy.
Statistics of large impulsive magnetic events in the auroral zone
Authors: Reiter Kyle , Guillon Sébastien , Connors Martin , Jackel Brian
Published: July 2021

Impulsive geomagnetic variations, latitudinally localized to the auroral zone, have been observed from 2015 to 2020. These impulsive events have been observed mostly in the pre-midnight sector as upward vertical perturbations. Diurnal variations in geomagnetically-triggered harmonic distortion events observed in Hydro-Québec’s Système de Mesure de Décalage Angulaire (SMDA) synchrophasor measurement system found to have a peak in the number of events around midnight. This was similar to diurnal rates of negative Bz geomagnetic impulsive events observed at nearby auroral zone magnetometers. Superposed epoch analysis demonstrates the impulses are regularly associated with increases in harmonic distortion observed at a nearby substation transformer. These large impulsive vertical geomagnetic perturbations appear to be local vortical ionospheric disturbances.
Zufallsbefund eines intestinal differenzierten Adenokarzinoms in einer Tailgut Zyste nach robotisch-assistierter Resektion
Authors: Willis Maria Andrea , Enderes Jana , Exner Daniel , Stoffels Burkhard , Tischler Verena , Luetkens Julian , Gonzalez-Carmona Maria , Egger Eva Katharina , Kalff Jörg C. , Vilz Tim Oliver
Published: July 2021

Aufgrund pelviner Beschwerden wurde bei einer 52-jährigen Patientin eine diagnostische Schnittbildgebung initiiert. In dieser stellte sich eine zystische, retrorektale Raumforderung ohne Malignitätskriterien dar. Aufgrund der Symptomatik und der unklaren Dignität nach mehrfachen frustranen endosonografischen Punktionen erfolgte nach interdisziplinärer Beratung eine robotisch-assistierte lokale Resektion des zystischen Tumors. In der histologischen Aufarbeitung wurde die Diagnose einer Tailgut Zyste gesichert, jedoch ließen sich auch Anteile eines intestinal differenzierten Adenokarzinoms nachweisen. Aufgrund des unklaren Metastasierungsverhaltens erfolgte eine Nachresektion in Form einer robotisch-assistierten tiefen anterioren Rektumresektion mit totaler mesorektaler Excision, analog zur Behandlung des Rektumkarzinoms. In der anschließenden histologischen Aufarbeitung waren keine Residuen oder Lymphknotenmetastasen des Karzinoms nachweisbar, sodass eine Nachsorge empfohlen wurde.

Retrorektale Tumore sind eine extrem seltene Entität. Weltweit sind bisher nur 28 Fälle eines intestinal differenzierten Karzinoms in einer Tailgut Zyste beschrieben worden. Da es in der Literatur keine klaren Empfehlungen bezüglich des diagnostischen oder therapeutischen Vorgehens gibt, möchten wir anhand unserer Fallstudie einen möglichen Algorithmus bei nachgewiesener retrorektaler Raumforderung diskutieren.
Vinpocetine Effect on the Juncture of Diabetes and Aging: An
in-vitro study
Authors: Moini-Nodeh Shermineh , Rahimifard Mahban , Baeeri Maryam , Hodjat Mahshid , Haghi-Aminjan Hamed , Abdollahi Mohammad
Published: July 2021

Background The rapid-growing population of diabetic patients and the
elderly are among the direst challenges that the science of medicine is
facing today. Targeting these two challenges can shed light on new means to
control and ideally reverse this trend. In this experiment,
Vinpocetine’s effect on aged pancreatic beta-cell functions in
correlation with oxidative stress was studied.

Methods Islet cells were isolated from the pancreas of aged rats and
exposed to Vinpocetine, dissolved in acetone and RPMI, for 48 h. Then,
senescence-associated molecular parameters, including P16 and
P38 gene expressions and β-galactosidase activity, were
investigated along with diabetic and inflammation markers.

Results Experimental results showed that Vinpocetine could
significantly increase aged islets insulin secretion and also make a
meaningful reduction in oxidative stress markers. This drug can also
decrease expression levels of P16 and P38, the primary genes
responsible for the aging pathway. TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB
expressions were also reduced noticeably after treatment with
Vinpocetine.

Conclusion The current study showed that Vinpocetine, a derivative of
the secondary plant metabolite called Vincamine, could break this vicious
cycle of oxidative stress and aging by reducing oxidative stress and
inflammation, thus inhibiting cellular aging.
Effects of an Injury Prevention Program in CrossFit Athletes: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Martínez-Gómez Rafael , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Moral-González Susana , Lucia Alejandro , Barranco-Gil David
Published: July 2021

The present study aimed to assess the effects of an injury prevention program in CrossFit athletes. Thirty-two CrossFit athletes were randomized to either an intervention group (n=16), that performed mobility and stability exercises during the warm-up of all CrossFit sessions for a 10-week period or to a control group (n=16) that kept performing their usual warm-up. Incidence of injuries (primary outcome) as well as average training loads, fatigue and pain perception were registered during the study. The overall injury incidence rate was 0.04 per 1000 training hours, with no differences between groups (p>0.05). Similarly, no between-group differences were found for injury severity, nor for average training volume, intensity, training load, pain, or fatigue perception during the study (all p>0.05 with trivial-to-small effect sizes). In summary, a 10-week injury prevention program consisting of stability and mobility exercises provided no benefits on injury rates, fatigue and pain perception in recreational CrossFit athletes. Further research might corroborate the preliminary evidence reported here.
Qualität in der Gastroenterologie – „Vorschläge der Kommission Qualität der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten zur ambulanten und stationären Qualitätssicherung“
Authors: Leifeld Ludger , Denzer Ulrike , Frieling Thomas , Jakobs Ralf , Koop Herbert , van Leeuwen Pia , Madisch Ahmed , Rosien Ulrich , Stier Albrecht , Siegmund Britta , Tappe Ulrich , Lammert Frank , Lynen Jansen Petra
Published: July 2021

Die Qualität der ärztlichen Tätigkeit ist von zahlreichen Faktoren abhängig. Insbesondere die Prozessqualität ist durch ärztliches Handeln direkt beeinflussbar. Eine große Herausforderung ist es dabei den steten wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt in der Praxis zu folgen. Die wissenschaftlichen Standards in der Gastroenterologie werden in DGVS Leitlinien definiert und regelmäßig überarbeitet. Die Umsetzung der vielfältigen evidenzbasierten Empfehlungen in die Praxis bleibt aber anspruchsvoll. Auf Basis der DGVS Leitlinien hat die Kommission Qualität daher eine Auswahl von Qualitätsindikatoren mit besonderer Relevanz anhand standardisierter Kriterien erarbeitet, deren breite Umsetzung zu einer verbesserten Patientenversorgung in der Gastroenterologie beitragen würde.
Evidenz in der lokalen Therapie chronischer Wunden: Was ist gesichert?
Authors: Stürmer E. K. , Dissemond J.
Published: July 2021

Chronische Wunden sind ein komplexes Symptom verschiedener Grunderkrankungen. Sie können bspw. vaskulärer, metabolischer oder immunologischer Genese sein. Auch wenn die Therapie dieser Grunderkrankungen im Vordergrund steht und zielführend ist, so beeinflussen diese Wunden die Lebensqualität der einzelnen Patienten oder Patientinnen stark. Zur Lokaltherapie chronischer Wunden steht ein breites Portfolio an Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Anders als in anderen Bereichen der Medizin ist die Evidenz für die verschiedenen Lokaltherapeutika meist gering. Deshalb rücken Experten-Empfehlungen und Leitlinien an ihre Stelle, die sinnvolle Behandlungspfade aufzeigen. Die wichtigsten Fragestellungen in der täglichen Praxis betreffen die Wahl und Effektivität der Wundspülung und des Wunddebridements, das Exsudatmanagement, den Einsatz von antimikrobiellen Wirkstoffen in Lösungen und Wundauflagen, die Unterdruck-Wundtherapie (NPWT) und die Indikationsstellung zur Kompressionstherapie. Trotz des Mangels an Evidenz folgt die Behandlung chronischer Wunde einigen grundlegenden Prinzipien, die im folgenden Artikel inklusive der dazugehörigen Behandlungsempfehlungen dargestellt werden.
Wound Healing Effects from 3 Hypericum spp. Essential
Oils
Authors: Grafakou Maria-Eleni , Diamanti Aggeliki , Simirioti Eleytheria , Terezaki Asimina , Barda Christina , Sfiniadakis Ioannis , Rallis Michail , Skaltsa Helen
Published: July 2021

Hypericum species have a long-term use as wound healing agents, with the
most common preparation being the infused oil from the aerial parts. It contains
naphthodianthrones, phloroglucinols, and essential oil. An extensive literature
survey shows that, unlike napthodianthrones and phloroglucinols, essential oils
from Hypericum spp. have not yet been evaluated for their wound healing
efficacy. The present study aims to assess the wound healing efficacy of
essential oils from H. perforatum, a plant recognized in European
Pharmacopoeia for having wound healing properties, as well from 2 other
Hypericum species commonly used in Greece as wound healing agents
since classical antiquity, namely, H. empetrifolium and H.
triquetrifolium. So far, only the wound healing effects of Hypericum oil
are known, which is a different herbal preparation containing nonvolatile
compounds, while the essential oils under investigation contain only volatile
constituents. The essential oils were subjected to GC-MS analyses. Wounds were
created on the upper back of hairless SKH-hr1 mice. Healing was evaluated by
clinical, histopathological, and biophysical assessment. The essential oils
showed a significantly faster wound healing rate in comparison to the controls
and the vehicle-treated groups. H. empetrifolium possessed the most
significant healing properties while for H. perforatum and H.
triquetrifolium skin inflammation persisted. The essential oils from
Hypericum spp. showed promising results as wound healing agents and
are likely to contribute to the wound healing efficacy of the Hypericum
preparations. H. empetrifolium, being the most potent anti-inflammatory
and wound healing agent, confirms the traditional use of this plant in Greece
for wounds and skin inflammations.
Supercompensation in Elite Water Polo: Heart Rate Variability and Perceived Recovery
Authors: Botonis Petros G. , Smilios Ilias , Toubekis Argyris G.
Published: July 2021

We examined the association of heart rate variability assessed with the logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD) and perceived recovery status of nine elite water polo players with the fluctuations of the internal training load (ITL). ITL, post-wakening LnRMSSD, and measures of perceived recovery were obtained across one regeneration week, during two mesocycles of intensified preseason training (PR1, PR2) and during two mesocycles of in-season training (IN1, IN2). ITL at PR1 and PR2 was increased by 60–70% compared to regeneration week (p<0.01) and was reduced by 30% at IN1 and IN2 compared to PR1 and PR2 (p<0.01). Weekly averaged LnRMSSD (LnRMSSDmean) was higher in IN2 compared to regeneration week and PR2 (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Perceived recovery was higher at IN1 and IN2 compared to PR2 (p=0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). ITL correlated with LnRMSSD in the preseason (r=–0.26, p=0.03). Nonetheless, similar association was not apparent during the in-season period (r=0.02, p=0.88). Cardiac autonomic perturbations may not occur when an increment of internal training load is less than 60–70%. However, the reduction of training load in season by 30% improves both LnRMSSDmean and perceived recovery status, implying that training periodization may lead players in supercompensation.
Thoraxsonografie bei Aufnahme auf einer COVID-Verdachtsstation – differenzialdiagnostisch hilfreich oder Zeitverschwendung?
Authors: Salzmann Christian , Schmidt Christa , Sauvigny Daniela , Janneck Matthias , Lock Guntram
Published: July 2021

Einleitung Bei Patienten mit COVID-19 werden typische, teils schwere Lungenveränderungen beschrieben. Neben dem Einsatz des Thorax-CT wurde bereits frühzeitig auf einen diagnostischen Nutzen durch den Einsatz des Lungenultraschalls hingewiesen.

Diese Pilotstudie untersucht die Frage, ob die Thoraxsonografie bei auf COVID-19 hinweisenden Symptomen in der Frühphase differenzialdiagnostisch sinnvoll eingesetzt werden kann.

Methoden 46 Patienten aus der „ersten Welle“ der COVID-19-Pandemie (23 mit gesicherter, 23 mit im weiteren Verlauf nicht bestätigter Infektion als Kontrollen), die initial mit dem klinischen Verdacht auf eine SARS-CoV-2-Infektion auf die COVID-Verdachtsstation eines akademischen Lehrkrankenhauses aufgenommen worden waren, wurden kurz nach ihrer Aufnahme mittels Lungenultraschall untersucht. Die endgültige Diagnose einer Infektion wurde mittels – teils wiederholtem – PCR-Nasen-/Rachenabstrich gestellt oder ausgeschlossen.

Die erhobenen Befunde der SARS-CoV-2-Patienten und der Kontrollen wurden gegenübergestellt und hinsichtlich signifikanter Unterschiede der thoraxsonografischen Parameter analysiert.

Ergebnisse Es zeigten sich deutliche Unterschiede in den Lungenultraschallbefunden beider Gruppen. In der COVID-Gruppe fanden sich signifikant weniger A-Linien, mehr pathologische B-Linien (vermehrt oder konfluierend) sowie mehr Konsolidierungen. Pleuraergüsse traten in der Kontrollgruppe signifikant häufiger auf. Der berechnete Lungen-Ultraschall-(LUS)-Score war in der COVID-Gruppe höher als in der Kontrollgruppe. Eine sichere Unterscheidung zwischen beiden Gruppen war jedoch nicht möglich, da die Verteilungsbreite der Veränderungen bzw. des LUS-Score zu groß war.

Diskussion In einem klinischen Setting zeigt die Thoraxsonografie bei SARS-CoV-2-Infizierten häufigere und andere Läsionen als bei Patienten, bei denen sich der initiale klinische Verdacht nicht bestätigte. Aufgrund des großen Überlappungsbereiches war die Thoraxsonografie jedoch nicht geeignet, um bei initialem klinischen Verdacht zwischen SARS-CoV-2-Infizierten und Nicht-Infizierten hinreichend sicher zu unterscheiden.
Delta Neutrophil Index as a Promising Biomarker for Placental
Implantation Disorders
Authors: Karakoç Gökhan , Yalcin Serenat Eris , Yavuz And , Sarsmaz Kemal , Şengül Mustafa , Yucel Aykan
Published: July 2021

Objective We aimed to investigate the value of maternal serum delta
neutrophil index (DNI) levels in predicting placenta accreta spectrum in
patients with placenta previa.

Methods The patients who were found to have placenta previa totalis were
included in our study. Location of placental implantation and depth of
myometrial invasion were defined by transabdominal and transvaginal 2D gray
scale and Doppler sonography and confirmed during cesarean section and
histopathological evaluation. Patients were subjected to complete blood counts,
including prenatal hemoglobin level, total white blood cell count, differential
leukocyte count, and platelet count. The following formula was used to calculate
the DNI level: DNI (%)=(leukocyte subfraction analyzed by
cytochemical reaction in the MPO channel) - (leukocyte subfraction analyzed
using the nuclear lobularity channel with reflected light beam
measurements).

Results Placenta previa was detected in 295 patients; 31 of them had PAS.
As the control group, 189 patients were evaluated. In the group with PAS, the
DNI value was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the other groups. DNI
value in the group with previa only was also significantly higher
(p<0.05) than the control group. In the univariate model, a significant
(p<0.05) effect of DNI value and number of cesarean sections was
observed in separating patients with previa only and PAS. In the multivariate
model, a significant independent (p>0.05) effect of the DNI value was
observed in separating patients with previa only and PAS. Significant efficiency
of DNI value [area under the curve 0.899 (0.814–0.984)] was observed in
differentiating patients with previa only and PAS. Significant efficacy of DNI 5
cut-off value [area under the curve 0.858 (0.770–0.946)] was observed in
distinguishing patients with previa only and PAS (sensitivity 80.0%,
positive predictive value 64.9%, specificity 91.6%, negative
predictive value 95.9%)

Conclusion Maternal DNI values seem to be beneficial with respect to both
previa and invasion prediction. Although more comprehensive studies are needed
to test this proposition, prediction studies of this practical test should be
done in different trimesters and its usability with respect to preventing
maternal-fetal morbidity should be investigated.
No association of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor with striatal dopamine transporter availability in healthy subjects
Authors: Nam Hyun-Yeol , Seo Seongho , Lee Myung Jun , Kim Keunyoung , Kim In Joo , Pak Kyoungjune
Published: July 2021

Objective Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays a key role in brain plasticity, synaptic function, neuronal survival, learning, and memory formation. We aimed to investigate the association of BDNF with dopamine transporter (DAT) availabilities measured by positron emission tomography (PET) in healthy subjects.

Methods Thirty-five healthy, male subjects without brain injury, neuropsychological disorders were included in this study. The emission data were acquired over 90 mins with 50 frames after injection of 18F-FP-CIT using PET. Binding potentials (BPNDs) of ventral striatum (VST), caudate nucleus, putamen were measured with the simplified reference tissue method. The serum BDNF level (pg/mL) was measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.

Results Thirty-five healthy males with a mean age of 24.4 ± 2.7 years were included in this study. Multiple regression was done to investigate the association between striatal BPNDs from VST, caudate nucleus, putamen and serum BDNF after adjusting for age. None of striatal BPNDs from VST (p=0.8450), caudate nucleus (p=0.4783), and putamen (p=0.7994) were associated with serum BDNF.

Conclusion Striatal DAT availabilities measured from PET were not associated with the serum BDNF in healthy subjects.
Population Pharmacokinetics Modeling of Lamotrigine in Jordanian
Epileptic Patients Using Dried Blood Spot Sampling
Authors: Dodin Yasmeen I. , Suyagh Maysa F. , Saleh Mohammad I. , Nuseir Ziad T. , Aburuz Salah M. , Al-Qudah Abdelkarim A. , Masri Amira T. , Younes Abdallah M. , Al-Ghazawi Mutasim A.
Published: July 2021

Aims To characterize the population pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine in
Jordanian epileptic patients and to identify factors affecting therapeutic
parameters.

Patients and Methods A population pharmacokinetics model for lamotrigine
was established based on a prospectively collected data of 52 steady-state
concentrations from 38 adult and pediatric patients with epilepsy. Lamotrigine
concentrations were determined by a dried blood spot liquid chromatography
method. Data were analyzed according to a one-compartment model with first-order
absorption and elimination using the nonlinear mixed effect modeling program.
The covariates effect of total body weight, gender, age, and co-medication with
topiramate, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and valproic acid on
lamotrigine clearance were investigated using a stepwise forward addition
followed by a stepwise backward elimination.

Results The final population pharmacokinetics model for lamotrigine
clearance was as follows:
CL/Fpop=θ1*exp
(θ3*age)*exp
(θ5*carbamazepine)*exp
(θ6*valproic acid) , where θ1
is the relative clearance (L/hr) estimated, and θ3,
θ5, and θ6 are the fixed parameters
relating to age and co-medication with carbamazepine and valproic acid,
respectively.The population mean value of lamotrigine total clearance generated
in the final model (with covariates) was 2.12 L/hr.
Inter-individual variability and residual unexplained variability expressed as
the coefficient of variation was 37.1 and 26.1%, respectively.

Conclusion Lamotrigine total clearance in the Jordanian patients is
comparable to that reported by others for Caucasian patients. Age and
concomitant therapy with carbamazepine and valproic acid significantly affected
lamotrigine clearance, and accounted for 48% of its inter-individual
variability.
Electrochemically Catalyzed N–N Coupling and Ring Cleavage Reaction of 1H-Pyrazoles
Authors: Nikpour Farzad , Zandi Sara , Sharafi-Kolkeshvandi Mahnaz
Published: July 2021

The electrocatalyzed N–N coupling and ring cleavage reaction of 3-methyl-, 3,5-dimethyl-, 3-methyl-5-phenyl- and 3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole was investigated and led to the electro-organic synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds. The results revealed that electrochemically produced 1H-pyrazoleox plays the role of acceptor in a reaction with the starting molecule via a N–N coupling and ring cleavage reaction of pyrazoles. The proposed reaction sequence consists of anodic oxidation, dimerization, rearrangement and reduction. The electrochemically catalyzed reactions were accomplished under constant-current and constant-potential conditions using an undivided electrochemical cell with the advantages of mild reaction conditions, remarkable yields and environmental compatibility.
The Growing Impact of Cardiovascular Oncology: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology
Authors: Tufano Antonella , Coppola Antonio , Galderisi Maurizio
Published: July 2021

Progress in the treatment of cancer has significantly improved survival of oncologic patients in recent decades. However, anticancer therapies, particularly some new, more potent and targeted agents, are potentially cardiotoxic. As a consequence, cardiovascular complications, including heart failure, arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, venous thromboembolism, peripheral vascular disease, arrhythmias, pericardial disease, and pulmonary hypertension, as related to cancer itself or to anticancer treatments, are increasingly observed and may adversely affect prognosis in oncologic patients. Cardiovascular oncology is an emerging field in cardiology and internal medicine, which is rapidly growing, dealing with the prevention, the early detection, and the management of cardiovascular disease, in all stages of anticancer therapy and during the survivorship period, now crucial for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. In this narrative review, the existing literature regarding the epidemiology of cardiovascular oncology, the mechanisms of cardiovascular complications in cancer, and the pathophysiology of cardiotoxicity related to chemotherapeutic agents, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and radiotherapy will be analyzed and summarized.