bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating anti-viral effect of Tylvalosin tartrate on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and analyzing the related gene regulation by transcriptomics
Authors: Tang Xingzhen , Wang Cong , Sun Weifeng , Wu Weixin , Sun Shaohui , Wan Jin , Zhu Guangshan , Ma Nini , Ma Xiaoping , Xu Ruihua , Yang Qiushi , Dai Yindi , Zhou Lei
Published: April 2023

Background

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important pathogen, characterized by its genetic and antigenic variation. The PRRSV vaccine is widely used, however, the unsatisfied heterologic protection and the risk of reverse virulence raise the requirement to find some new anti-PRRSV strategies for disease control. Tylvalosin tartrate is used to inhibit PRRSV in the field non-specifically, however, the mechanism is still less known.

Methods

The antiviral effects of Tylvalosin tartrates from three producers were evaluated in a cell inoculation model. Their safety and efficacy concentrations, and effecting stage during PRRSV infection were analyzed. And, the Tylvalosin tartrates regulated genes and pathways which are potentially related to the anti-viral effect were further explored by using transcriptomics analysis. Last, the transcription level of six anti-virus-related DEGs was selected to confirm by qPCR, and the expression level of HMOX1, a reported anti-PRRSV gene, was proved by western blot.

Results

The safety concentrations of Tylvalosin tartrates from three different producers were 40 µg/mL (Tyl A, Tyl B, and Tyl C) in MARC-145 cells and 20 µg/mL (Tyl A) or 40 µg/mL (Tyl B and Tyl C) in primary pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) respectively. Tylvalosin tartrate can inhibit PRRSV proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, causing more than 90% proliferation reduction at 40 µg/mL. But it shows no virucidal effect, and only achieves the antiviral effect via long-term action on the cells during the PRRSV proliferation. Furthermore, GO terms and KEGG pathway analysis was carried out based on the RNA sequencing and transcriptomic data. It was found that the Tylvalosin tartrates can regulate the signal transduction, proteolysis, and oxidation-reduction process, as well as some pathways such as protein digestion and absorption, PI3K-Akt signaling, FoxO signaling, and Ferroptosis pathways, which might relate to PRRSV proliferation or host innate immune response, but further studies still need to confirm it. Among them, six antivirus-related genes HMOX1, ATF3, FTH1, FTL, NR4A1, and CDKN1A were identified to be regulated by Tylvalosin tartrate, and the increased expression level of HMOX1 was further confirmed by western blot.

Conclusions

Tylvalosin tartrate can inhibit PRRSV proliferation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The identified DEGs and pathways in transcriptomic data will provide valuable clues for further exploring the host cell restriction factors or anti-PRRSV target.
TP53 somatic mutations in Asian breast cancer are associated with subtype-specific effects
Authors: Ragu Mohana Eswari , Lim Joanna Mei Ch’wan , Ng Pei-Sze , Yip Cheng-Har , Rajadurai Pathmanathan , Teo Soo-Hwang , Pan Jia-Wern
Published: April 2023

Background

Recent genomics studies of breast cancer in Asian cohorts have found a higher prevalence of TP53 mutations in Asian breast cancer patients relative to Caucasian patients. However, the effect of TP53 mutations on Asian breast tumours has not been comprehensively studied.

Methods

Here, we report an analysis of 492 breast cancer samples from the Malaysian Breast Cancer cohort where we examined the impact of TP53 somatic mutations in relation to PAM50 subtypes by comparing whole exome and transcriptome data from tumours with mutant and wild-type TP53.

Results

We found that the magnitude of impact of TP53 somatic mutations appears to vary between different subtypes. TP53 somatic mutations were associated with higher HR deficiency scores as well as greater upregulation of gene expression pathways in luminal A and luminal B tumours compared to the basal-like and Her2-enriched subtypes. The only pathways that were consistently dysregulated when comparing tumours with mutant and wild-type TP53 across different subtypes were the mTORC1 signalling and glycolysis pathways.

Conclusion

These results suggest that therapies that target TP53 or other downstream pathways may be more effective against luminal A and B tumours in the Asian population.
Wasserstein bounds in CLT of approximative MCE and MLE of the drift parameter for Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes observed at high frequency
Authors: Es-Sebaiy Khalifa , Alazemi Fares , Al-Foraih Mishari
Published: April 2023

This paper deals with the rate of convergence for the central limit theorem of estimators of the drift coefficient, denotedθ, for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process$X := \{X_{t},t\geq 0\}$X:={Xt,t≥0}observed at high frequency. We provide an approximate minimum contrast estimator and an approximate maximum likelihood estimator ofθ, namely$\widetilde{\theta}_{n}:= {1}/{ (\frac{2}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n}X_{t_{i}}^{2} )}$θ˜n:=1/(2n∑i=1nXti2), and$\widehat{\theta}_{n}:= -{\sum_{i=1}^{n} X_{t_{i-1}} (X_{t_{i}}-X_{t_{i-1}} )}/{ (\Delta _{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} X_{t_{i-1}}^{2} )}$θˆn:=−∑i=1nXti−1(Xti−Xti−1)/(Δn∑i=1nXti−12), respectively, where$t_{i} = i \Delta _{n}$ti=iΔn,$i=0,1,\ldots , n $i=0,1,…,n,$\Delta _{n}\rightarrow 0$Δn→0. We provide Wasserstein bounds in the central limit theorem for$\widetilde{\theta}_{n}$θ˜nand$\widehat{\theta}_{n}$θˆn.
Task grouping and optimized deep learning based VM sizing for hosting containers as a service
Authors: Patra Manoj Kumar , Sahoo Bibhudatta , Turuk Ashok Kumar , Misra Sanjay
Published: April 2023

Containers as a service (CaaS) are a kind of services that permits the organization to handle the containers more effectively. Containers are lightweight, require less computing resources, portable, and facilitate better support for microservices. In the CaaS model, containers are deployed in virtual machines, and the virtual machine runs on the physical machine. The objective of this paper is to estimate the resource required by a VM to execute a number of containers. VM sizing is a directorial process where the system administrators have to optimize the allocated resources within the permitted virtualized space. In this work, the VM sizing is carried out using the Deep Convolutional Long Short Term Memory Network (Deep-ConvLSTM), where the weights are updated by Fractional Pelican Optimization (FPO) Algorithm. Here, the FPO is configured by hybridizing the concept of Fractional Calculus (FC) within the updated location of the Pelican Optimization Algorithm (POA). Moreover, the task grouping is done with Deep Embedded Clustering (DEC), where the grouping is established with respect to the various task parameters, such as task length, submission rate, scheduling class, priority, resource usage, task latency, and Task Rejection Rate (TRR). In addition, the performance analysis of VM sizing is done by taking 100, 200, 300, and 400 tasks. We got the best resource utilization of 0.104 with 300 tasks, a response time of 262ms with 100 tasks, and a TRR of 0.156 with 100 tasks and makespan of 0.5788 with 100 tasks.
Genetic and environmental contributions to the subjective burden of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kottwitz Anita , Mönkediek Bastian , Klatzka Christoph H. , Hufer-Thamm Anke , Hildebrandt Jannis
Published: April 2023

Background

Feelings of loneliness and the burden of social isolation were among the most striking consequences of widespread containment measures, such as “social distancing”, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of the potential impact on people’s health, there has been increased interest in understanding the mechanisms and factors that contributed to feelings of loneliness and the burdens of social isolation. However, in this context, genetic predisposition has been largely ignored as an important factor. This is problematic because some of the phenotypic associations observed to date may in fact be genetic. The aim of this study is, therefore, to examine the genetic and environmental contributions to the burden of social isolation at two time points during the pandemic. In addition, we examine whether risk factors identified in previous studies explain genetic or environmental contributions to the burden of social isolation.

Methods

The present study is based on a genetically sensitive design using data from the TwinLife panel study, which surveyed a large sample of adolescent and young adult twins during the first (N = 798) and the second (N = 2520) lockdown in Germany.

Results

We find no substantive differences in genetic and environmental contributions to social isolation burden over the course of the pandemic. However, we find the determinants highlighted as important in previous studies can explain only a small proportion of the observed variance in the burden of social isolation and mainly explained genetic contributions.

Conclusions

While some of the observed associations appear to be genetic, our findings underscore the need for further research, as the causes of individual differences in burden of social isolation remain unclear.
Tensor decomposition for painting analysis. Part 2: spatio-temporal simulation
Authors: Ciortan Irina M. , Poulsson Tina G. , George Sony , Hardeberg Jon Y.
Published: April 2023

In a previous article, we modelled the spectral and temporal dimensions of the photodegradation behaviour of pigments in the painting “A Japanese Lantern” by Oda Krohg. In particular, we extracted the endmembers and spectral fading rate of pigments by applying tensor decomposition on a time-series of spectroscopic point measurements. Now, we capture the same painting with a hyperspectral imaging setup and propose an approach to render the fading effects as 2D images. More precisely, from the hyperspectral image, we compute the concentration maps of each previously identified endmember with a least-squares unmixing method. Subsequently, by using tensor algebra, we multiply the concentration maps with the endmembers and their corresponding fading rate and obtain a 4D tensor where each pixel in the image is described by a spectrum and a fading function. This way, we generate past and future spatio-temporal simulations of the painting’s appearance by reversing and elevating light exposure, respectively.
Aripiprazole in autism spectrum disorder: current evidence for use
Authors: Bunting Apphia , Feldman Harriet
Published: April 2023

This month's Cochrane Corner meta-analysis evaluates the evidence for the use of aripiprazole in ‘autism spectrum disorders’ – although in fact, outcome measures mainly included subtypes of challenging behaviour and side-effects. Aripiprazole was found to be effective in reducing irritability and hyperactivity, while causing extrapyramidal side-effects and weight gain. Only three trials were included in the review, with two small trials eventually included in the meta-analysis. All trials were conducted in under-18s in the USA, with no requirement for a trial of behavioural management before psychotropic medication, and excluding under-18s with important comorbidities such as medicated attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. All three studies were sponsored and funded by the manufacturer of aripiprazole. Further, a discontinuation trial showed no evidence of sustained benefit beyond 16 weeks of treatment.
Adagrasib in Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring aKRASG12CMutation
Authors: Bekaii-Saab Tanios S. , Yaeger Rona , Spira Alexander I. , Pelster Meredith S. , Sabari Joshua K. , Hafez Navid , Barve Minal , Velastegui Karen , Yan Xiaohong , Shetty Aditya , Der-Torossian Hirak , Pant Shubham
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE

Adagrasib, a KRASG12Cinhibitor, has demonstrated clinical activity in patients with KRASG12C-mutated non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). KRASG12Cmutations occur rarely in other solid tumor types. We report evaluation of the clinical activity and safety of adagrasib in patients with other solid tumors harboring a KRASG12Cmutation.

METHODS

In this phase II cohort of the KRYSTAL-1 study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03785249 ; phase Ib cohort), we evaluated adagrasib (600 mg orally twice daily) in patients with KRASG12C-mutated advanced solid tumors (excluding NSCLC and CRC). The primary end point was objective response rate. Secondary end points included duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and safety.

RESULTS

As of October 1, 2022, 64 patients with KRASG12C-mutated solid tumors were enrolled and 63 patients treated (median follow-up, 16.8 months). The median number of prior lines of systemic therapy was 2. Among 57 patients with measurable disease at baseline, objective responses were observed in 20 (35.1%) patients (all partial responses), including 7/21 (33.3%) responses in pancreatic and 5/12 (41.7%) in biliary tract cancers. The median duration of response was 5.3 months (95% CI, 2.8 to 7.3) and median PFS was 7.4 months (95% CI, 5.3 to 8.6). Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of any grade were observed in 96.8% of patients and grade 3-4 in 27.0%; there were no grade 5 TRAEs. TRAEs did not lead to treatment discontinuation in any patients.

CONCLUSION

Adagrasib demonstrates encouraging clinical activity and is well tolerated in this rare cohort of pretreated patients with KRASG12C-mutated solid tumors.
How Much Agency Does Architecture Have?
Authors: Cramer-Greenbaum Susannah
Published: April 2023

Dhaka's National Assembly building, designed by Louis Kahn, was built over several turbulent decades as East Pakistan fought for autonomy and became the new country of Bangladesh. Conventional critical narratives situate the National Assembly within Kahn's biography, treating Bangladesh as an empty canvas on which Kahn could enact design philosophies developed over his career. I contend that architects and critics are not the only arbiters of a building's meaning, and that local and political context should not be ignored in a building's historical narrative. There is ample recent scholarship decentering the Western canon, to which the National Assembly belongs, in architecture history, theory, and criticism. This article calls for decentering the architect as well, and acknowledging that the client's agenda, historical context, local interventions, popular perception, and the ongoing use of a building all influence the many layers of meaning architecture acquires over time. Continuing to perpetuate the myth of the lone artistic genius doggedly pursuing his creative vision gives unfounded agency to the individual architect alone. Design has agency and buildings shape worlds, but buildings themselves are shaped by complex collective actions, not singular visions. As a Western architect called to build on a grand scale in Asia, Kahn is an early example of a now prevalent trope. This research establishes a template for understanding this kind of work in context, and acknowledging the crucial role played by local actors in shaping each project and determining the project's cultural significance over time.
Παράμετροι θρομβοελαστομετρίας για την εκτίμηση της πρωτογενούς αιμόστασης στα νεογνά
Authors: Παραστατίδου Σταυρούλα
Published: April 2023

Εισαγωγή: Πάσχοντα πρόωρα και τελειόμηνα νεογνά έχουν αυξημένο κίνδυνο αιμορραγίας, με αρνητικό αντίκτυπο στην έκβαση και επιβίωσή τους. Καθώς η αιμορραγία σε αυτό το κλινικό πλαίσιο είναι πολυπαραγοντική, θα ήταν χρήσιμος ένας δείκτης που εκτός από τον αριθμό θα ενσωμάτωνε και τη λειτουργικότητα των αιμοπεταλίων, αντικατοπτρίζοντας ακριβέστερα το αιμοστατικό δυναμικό τωννεογνών.Σκοπός: Σκοπός μας ήταν η διερεύνηση του πιθανού ρόλου παραμέτρων της θρομβοελαστομετρίας (ROTEM), όπως η μέγιστη ελαστικότητα του θρόμβου (MCE) και το αιμοπεταλιακό στοιχείο (PLTEM MCE και PLTEM MCF) στην πρώιμη πρόβλεψη αιμορραγικών επεισοδίων σε θρομβοπενικά, πάσχοντα νεογνά.Υλικό και μέθοδοι: Πρόκειται για μια μονοκεντρική, προοπτική, μελέτη κοορτής, που συμπεριέλαβε 110 θρομβοπενικά νεογνά με σήψη, υποψία σήψης, ή περιγεννητική υποξία. Την πρώτη ημέρα της ύποπτης ή επιβεβαιωμένης σήψης και/ ή της υποξίας, οι δοκιμασίες ΕΧΤΕΜ και FIBTEM της ROTEM διενεργήθηκαν σε δείγμα αρτηριακού αίματος. Παράλληλα, την ίδια ημέρα, αξιολογήθηκε η εμφάνιση αιμορραγικώνεπεισοδίων στα νεογνά, με τη χρήση ενός εργαλείου εκτίμησης της αιμορραγίας (NeoBAT).Αποτελέσματα: Οι περισσότερες θρομβοελαστομετρικές παράμετροι των δοκιμασιών EXTEM και FIBTEM διέφεραν σημαντικά μεταξύ των νεογνών με αιμορραγικό επεισόδιο (n = 77) και εκείνων χωρίς αιμορραγία (n = 33). Τα νεογνά που εκδήλωσαν αιμορραγία είχαν σημαντικά μειωμένες τιμές PLTEM MCE και PLTEM MCF σε σύγκριση με νεογνά που δεν εμφάνισαν αιμορραγία (p <0,001). Ο αριθμός των αιμοπεταλίων συσχετίστηκε θετικά και ισχυρά με τις παραμέτρους ΕΧΤΕΜ Α10 και ΕΧΤΕΜ Α5 (Spearman rho = 0,64 και rho = 0,61, p <0,001, αντιστοίχως), ενώ αδύναμη ήταν η θετική συσχέτιση με τις παραμέτρους EXTEM MCF (rho = 0,40, p<0,001), EXTEM MCE (rho = 0,38, p<0,001), PLTEM MCF (rho = 0,33, p = 0,001) και PLTEMMCE (rho = 0,29, p = 0,004). Η σταθμισμένη εκτίμηση της συσχέτισης μεταξύ των παραμέτρων ROTEM και της εκδήλωσης αιμορραγίας αποκάλυψε ότι μόνο το EXTEM A10 (OR = 0,88, 95% CI:0,81 – 0,95, p=0,003), το PLTEM ΜCE (OR = 0,90, 95% CI:0,82 – 0,99, p=0,043) και το PLTEM MCF (OR = 0,96, 95% CI:0,92 – 0,99, p =0,039) συσχετίστηκαν σημαντικά με αιμορραγία, ενώ το FIBTEM A10 δε συσχετίστηκε με αιμορραγικά συμβάματα (aOR = 0,94, 95% CI:0,87 – 1,02, p = 0,16). Η μεταβλητή EXTEM A10 επέδειξε την καλύτερη προγνωστική αξία (AUC=0,853), με βέλτιστη διαχωριστική τιμή ≤37mm (ευαισθησία = 91%, ειδικότητα = 76%) για την πρόβλεψη αιμορραγικών επεισοδίων σε θρομβοπενικά νεογνά. Παρόμοια ήταν τααποτελέσματα και για τη μεταβλητή ΕΧΤΕΜ Α5 (ΑUC = 0,850), με βέλτιστη διαχωριστική τιμή ≤28mm (ευαισθησία = 91%, ειδικότητα = 77%). Συμπεράσματα: Οι παράμετροι EXTEM A10 και ΕΧΤΕΜ Α5 αναδείχτηκαν ισχυροί προγνωστικοί δείκτες αιμορραγίας, συγκρινόμενες με άλλες μεταβλητές της ROTEM που εκφράζουν την ελαστικότητα του θρόμβου ή το αιμοπεταλιακό στοιχείο σε θρομβοπενικά, βαρέως πάσχοντα νεογνά.
Language learning beliefs and motivation of Estonian and non-Estonian students at Estonian-language universities
Authors: Meristo Merilyn , Jõgi Anna-Liisa
Published: April 2023

Selle uurimistöö eesmärk on kirjeldada hariduslike erivajadustega (HEV) õpilaste lugemis- ja matemaatikaoskuste seoseid tava- või eriklassis õppimisega. Valimisse kuulus 3369 kolmanda klassi last (poisse 50%, 209 klassist, 135 koolist) ning 3340 kuuenda klassi last (poisse 51%, 200 klassist, 134 koolist) eesti- ja venekeelsetest koolidest. Õpilased täitsid koolitundide ajal veebipõhised lugemise ladususe, loetu mõistmise, arvutamise ja tekstülesannete testid. Tulemustest selgus, et tava- ja eriklassis õppivate HEV õpilaste lugemis- ja matemaatikaoskused olid sarnasel tasemel, välja arvatud vene õppekeelega koolide kuuendates klassides, kus tavaklassis õppivad HEV õpilased said tekstülesannete lahendamises kõrgema skoori võrreldes eriklassis õppivate HEV õpilastega. Uuring annab esmase ülevaate eesti- ja venekeelsete koolide kolmandate ja kuuendate klasside HEV õpilaste kaasamise olukorrast ja akadeemilistest oskustest.

 Summary
O DESEMPENHO DOS ALUNOS DO ENSINO MÉDIO NO ENEM 2019 E A DESIGUALDADE SOCIAL: UM ESTUDO UTILIZANDO ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA E TÉCNICAS DE AGRUPAMENTO
Authors: Faillace Helena Ferreira Paraiso , Britto Isadora Lopes Maldonado , Costa Fernanda Da Serra
Published: April 2023

Este trabalho objetivou analisar o desempenho dos candidatos que realizaram o ENEM em 2019, de forma a identificar possíveis relações entre tais desempenhos e um conjunto de variáveis socioeconômicas, assim como, expor como as técnicas estatísticas são ferramentas valiosas para extração de informações de grandes bases de dados. Os resultados mostraram como a análise exploratória de dados e as técnicas de agrupamento permitiram identificar seis grupos de candidatos com desempenho e características socioeconômicas similares, indicando a influência socioeconômica na disputa por uma vaga em um Ensino Superior de qualidade e, consequentemente, no mercado de trabalho, indicando a importância das políticas públicas que visem deixar, ao menos um pouco, essa competição mais justa.
Figurative Language - Intersubjectivity and Usage, by Augusto Soares da Silva
Authors: Peterssen Silvia
Published: April 2023

BOOK REVIEW:SOARES da Silva, Augusto (Ed.). Figurative Language - Intersubjectivity and Usage. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 2021. ISBN 978 90 272 0855 2.
Determination of the Field Performance of a Prototype Combined Poppy Harvester
Authors: Saracoglu Turker , Ozarslan Cengiz , Haciyusufoglu A. Fatih
Published: April 2023

Highlights

A poppy harvester can be used as an alternative to the manual harvesting.

Effective field capacity of a poppy harvester is 34 to 53 times higher than the manual harvest.

Depending on the forward speed, field losses increase.

Cleaning efficiency can be increased by a more aggressive sieving application.

Abstract. The operations of collecting the poppy from the field by hand and then breaking it apart require intensive labor and time consumption, which increases the cost significantly. A mechanical harvester to be used for poppy harvesting will save human labor and reduce time consumption. Hence, a poppy harvester was designed to harvest and crush poppy capsules, and separate the stalks, seeds, and capsule parts from the shredded material with this study. The prototype harvester consists of a harvest unit, conveying unit, threshing unit, separating and cleaning unit, bagging unit, and power transmission unit. The machine is pulled by the tractor and its moving units are driven by the PTO and hydraulic system. In field experiments with the prototype poppy harvester, the material capacity of the machine (seed, capsule pieces, and total product), cleaning efficiency, and harvest losses were determined. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The prototype machine was operated at two forward speeds of 1.24 km h-1 and 1.95 km h-1. The effective field capacity of the harvester was determined to be 34 to 53 times higher than the manual harvest, and increasing forward speed, increased machine capacity by approximately 50%. The cleaning efficiency was determined to be approximately 84% for both forward speeds. Depending on the forward speed, field losses increased and varied between 13% and 21%. Keywords: Keywords., Cleaning capacity, Field losses, Harvesting capacity, Poppy harvester.
Dairy Cow Thermal Balance Model During Heat Stress: Part 1. Model Development
Authors: Nelson Chad R. , Janni Kevin A.
Published: April 2023

Highlights

Equations for a modified steady-state thermal balance model solved with a spreadsheet are described.

The modified model describes heat exchange between lactating cows and the surrounding environment.

New relations were used for tissue insulation, sweat rate, longwave radiation, and convective heat exchange.

A companion paper compares model results to published body temperatures, respiration rates, and skin temperatures.

Abstract. Dairy cow heat stress impacts cow well-being, reduces milk yield, and leads to economic losses. Understanding heat stress mechanics supports ongoing and future efforts to mitigate heat stress. The purpose of this project was to modify a steady-state heat transfer model developed by McGovern and Bruce (2000) by incorporating work by Berman (2005), McArthur (1987), Turnpenny et al. (2000a,b), Thompson et al. (2014), Gwadera et al. (2017), two new empirical relations for tissue insulation and sweat rate, and a new solution method that allowed for overlapping changes in heat exchange. The modified model describes heat exchange between a lactating cow and the environment through respiration, convection, sweating, and shortwave and longwave radiation. This article describes the process-based model equations, compares results from the two new empirical relations used to published work, and presents the inputs and results for a cow on pasture in sunlight. The modified model, which can be solved with a spreadsheet, provides insight into factors and processes that affect lactating cow heat exchange. A companion paper compares the modified model results with published average measured body temperatures, respiration rates, and skin temperatures and unpublished body temperature data for cows on pasture in the sunshine. Keywords: Body temperature, Dairy, Heat stress, Lactating cow, Respiration rate, Thermal balance model.
The Labor Theory of Value and the Problem of Joint Production
Authors: Flamant Christian
Published: April 2023

The labor theory of value has been rejected by Morishima on the grounds that it would be incompatible with joint production, which would create negative labor values. This article starts by recalling the various definitions of joint production, as well as the way they relate to the real world. For Morishima, the labor theory of value is a particular case of Sraffa’s theory of production prices; it is recalled that in Sraffa’s treatment of joint production the occurrence of negative multipliers and therefore of negative quantities comes from the construction of a standard commodity. Morishima extends this demonstration to labor values in the case of joint production, but the article shows that his example of giving negative labor values is absurd. Finally, using a method initially developed by statisticians to deal with joint production and simple matrix calculations, it is demonstrated that it is perfectly possible to obtain positive labor values in a theoretical but realistic model of joint production.
Recreació i Guerra Civil Espanyola Consideracions per a la iniciació
Authors: Miró Serra Oriol
Published: April 2023

Les activitats de recreació històrica a l’entorn de la Guerra Civil Espanyola han estat des dels inicis del segle XXI una pràctica en augment. Tanmateix la qualitat d’aquestes activitats ha estat desigual. L’article parteix de la base que la qualitat d’una recreació es fonamenta, en bona part, en la versemblança, autenticitat o credibilitat dels uniformes i equipaments dels recreadors. Es valoren els principals tòpics que sovint han devaluat la recreació d’aquest període i es donen indicacions i instruccions, a manera de «guia de bones pràctiques» per tal d’assolir activitats amb nivell, sobre tot per a les persones que es volen introduir en aquest món. També es reflexiona sobre els processos de documentació i els criteris de selecció de material a fi de plantejar amb correcció activitats iniciàtiques en aquest camp
Max Diamant y el SAP frente al POUM
Authors: Tosstorff Reiner , Acosta Traducció: Alejandro
Published: April 2023

El artículo describe la actitud de Max Diamant, el representante en Barcelona del SAP, un partido socialista de izquierda alemán, aliado al POUM en el Buró de Londres, hacia este partido durante su estancia desde octubre de 1936 y abril de 1937. Criticó su política, que el SAP encontró demasiado hostil al frentepopulismo y demasiado beligerante hacia el estalinismo.
Grafitis de guerra. Un estudio arqueológico de los fortines republicanos de Ketura (Araba/Álava)
Authors: Santamarina Otaola Josu , Herrero Acosta Xabier , Rodríguez Simón Pedro , Señorán Martín José M.
Published: April 2023

Los fortines de Ketura forman parte de la primera línea de defensa republicana del Sector de Ubidea, en la parte central del frente alavés de la Guerra Civil en el País Vasco (1936-1937). En este artículo se presenta el proceso de estudio arqueológico integral llevado a cabo en 2017. Estos nidos destacan sobre todo por la gran cantidad de ‘grafitis de guerra’ que contienen. Milicianos socialistas del Ejército Vasco dejaron decenas de inscripciones en el cemento fresco a modo de testimonio o «ego-documento». Mediante una investigación intensiva se propone reconstruir la historia de este conjunto a través de su propia materialidad, es decir, a través de sus objetos arqueológicos y grabados. Toda esta información, hasta ahora inédita, se presenta además como posible recurso para la comunidad local en la gestión de sus diversas «memorias políticas».
Búnquers, paisatge, arquitectura. Una anàlisi de les obres de fortificació de la Línia Pirineus en el territori de Garriguella
Authors: Geli Anticó Adela
Published: April 2023

L’article presenta la recerca realitzada en la publicació Recórrer la Garriguella Fortificada.Desxifrant els búnquers: arquitectura i paisatge. S’analitzen les fortificacionsde la Línia Pirineus, en l’indret significatiu de Garriguella, a través del paisatge, quedetermina l’estratègia militar i el camuflatge, i de l’arquitectura, resultat de l’armaque estava previst utilitzar i de la protecció del formigó.
Las agrupaciones documentales del frente oriental de la guerra civil custodiadas en el Archivo de Salamanca
Authors: Velasco Sánchez José-Tomás
Published: April 2023

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar cómo fueron llevadas a cabo las requisiciones de los documentos en el frente oriental de la Guerra Civil, que acabaron formando los fondos originarios del actual Archivo de la Guerra Civil del Centro Documental de la Memoria Histórica en Salamanca. Dichos documentos fueron reunidos y clasificados según su procedencia geográfica, por lo que el artículo se divide en nueve apartados, dedicados a Cataluña, Valencia y Murcia, siguiendo el orden alfabético del cuadro de clasificación del Archivo de Salamanca y no la cronología del frente de guerra. En cada apartado, se estudia el personal encargado de realizar las requisiciones, la metodología aplicada en las mismas, la tipología de la documentación requisada, el envío de la documentación requisada al archivo y, finalmente, las especificidades que en cada zona se plantearon a la hora de realizar las requisiciones.
Relaciones vecinales, participación y convivencia en barrios multiculturales. Una mirada desde el vecindario inmigrante
Authors: Torres Pérez Francisco , Gómez Crespo Paloma
Published: April 2023

En este artículo, partimos de un estado de la cuestión de la convivencia en el marco de las transformaciones urbanas, donde presentamos las dinámicas de tensión, convivencia y cohesión en barrios multiculturales españoles en la última década para abordar a continuación un doble objetivo. En primer lugar, repensar los conceptos de relaciones vecinales y participación barrial desde una concepción amplia, que facilita captar su heterogeneidad y profundizar en sus efectos para las dinámicas de la convivencia. En segundo lugar, desde este planteamiento, presentar sugerencias para su análisis, destacando la interrelación entre relaciones vecinales y participación, la heterogeneidad de los actores y factores que intervienen, así como sus repercusiones en otras dimensiones de la sociabilidad barrial.
Urban penalty y reforma sanitaria en una ciudad minero-metalúrgica: Linares (1860-1920).
Authors: García Gómez José Joaquín , Escudero Gutiérrez Antonio , Luque de Haro Víctor Antonio
Published: April 2023

El artículo tiene un primer apartado donde se define y analiza el término urban penalty. La segunda parte ofrece información que demuestra que Linares sufrió “castigo urbano” tanto en sobremortalidad como en estatura. El tercer apartado está dedicado a la reforma sanitaria de la ciudad iniciada a principios de la década de 1890 y a sus efectos sobre la mortalidad. El artículo termina destacando que la urban penalty de Linares fue menos grave que la de una ciudad “gemela” (La Unión), pero más grave y persistente que la de la zona minero – metalúrgica de la ría de Bilbao.
Analysis of picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectra for gas-phase diagnostics
Authors: Kearney Sean P. , Lauriola Daniel K. , Stauffer Hans U. , Hsu Paul , Jiang Naibo , Athmanathan Venkat , Meyer Terrence R. , Roy Sukesh
Published: April 2023

We present a hybrid frequency- and time-domain solution, applicable to the case of picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), for gas-phase diagnostics. A solution has been derived based on both physical arguments and four-wave mixing equations for picosecond CARS, with pulse durations that are comparable to the dephasing time scale for gas-phase Raman coherence—a regime where commonly employed solutions for impulsive (femtosecond) or cw (nanosecond) pump/Stokes forcing are not strictly valid. We present the ps-CARS spectrum in the form of incoherent sums of CARS intensity spectra, calculated from the fundamental solution for impulsive pump/Stokes Raman preparation. The solution was examined for temperatures from 1000–3000 K, for four plausible experimental configurations, with laser pulse durations of 50–150 ps, and probe pulse delays from −20 to 240 ps. Approximations based on cw and impulsive pump/Stokes preparation to fit picosecond CARS spectra at atmospheric pressure were examined and the relative thermometric accuracy and computational cost of these approximations were quantified for the case of a zero nonresonant CARS contribution, and a nonresonant susceptibility equal to 10% of the Raman-resonant value at the N2 bandhead. The nanosecond CARS approximation can result in large fitting errors when the probe pulse time delay is less than the probe pulse duration. Errors as large as 10–20% are observed in the fit temperatures for a zero picosecond probe pulse delay, when the nonresonant background is neglected, largely due to an inability of the time-independent cw model to capture transient frequency spread dephasing effects at the Q-branch bandhead. The inclusion of a nonresonant background results in 40–60% thermometry errors with a nanosecond model at a zero-probe delay. Time-dependent impulsive calculations used for femtosecond CARS better approximate the structure of the N2 bandhead, reducing temperature fitting errors to 5–10% at a short probe pulse delay. The impulsive approximation results in errors up to 10% at intermediate probe pulse delays, where the coherence of the pump and probe pulses leads to multiple terms in the picosecond CARS solution. Both approximations improve as the probe pulse delay exceeds the probe duration. The nanosecond approximation results in a 2–3% error, while the impulsive model results in differences of less than 1% in some cases. Fits to experimental data obtained using short, ∼60ps pulses at a zero probe time delay and longer 100 ps pulses at a substantial 200 ps delay are presented with accuracies of 1–3% in the fit temperature.
Design and optimization of a high-energy optical parametric amplifier for broadband, spectrally incoherent pulses
Authors: Ekanayake N. , Spilatro M. , Bolognesi A. , Herman S. , Sampat S. , Hill E. M. , Dorrer C.
Published: April 2023

Spectrally incoherent laser pulses with sufficiently large fractional bandwidth are in demand for the mitigation of laser–plasma instabilities occurring in high-energy laser–target interactions. Here, we modeled, implemented, and optimized a dual-stage high-energy optical parametric amplifier for broadband, spectrally incoherent pulses in the near-infrared. The amplifier delivers close to 400 mJ of signal energy through noncollinear parametric interaction of 100-nJ-scale broadband, spectrally incoherent seed pulses near 1053 nm with a narrowband high-energy pump operating at 526.5 nm. Mitigation strategies for high-frequency spatial modulations in the amplified signal caused by index inhomogeneities in the Nd:YLF rods of the pump laser are explored and discussed in detail.
Broadband photonic-assisted microwave receiver with high cross-channel interference suppression and image rejection
Authors: Zeng Shengkang , Zhang Jiejun , Li Lingzhi , Zheng Ruiqi , Guan Yiran , Chen Jingxu , Qiao Yu , Zhang Qiulin , Yao Jianping
Published: April 2023

A broadband photonic-assisted microwave receiver with high cross-channel interference suppression and image rejection is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. At the input of the microwave receiver, a microwave signal is injected into an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO), which functions as a local oscillator (LO) to generate a low-phase noise LO signal as well as a photonic-assisted mixer to down-convert the input microwave signal to the intermediate frequency (IF). A microwave photonic filter (MPF), realized by the joint operation of a phase modulator (PM) in the OEO and a Fabry-Perot laser diode (FPLD), is used as a narrowband filter to select the IF signal. Thanks to the wide bandwidth of the photonic-assisted mixer and the wide frequency tunable range of the OEO, the microwave receiver can support broadband operation. The high cross-channel interference suppression and image rejection are enabled by the narrowband MPF. The system is evaluated experimentally. A broadband operation from 11.27 to 20.85 GHz is demonstrated. For a multi-channel microwave signal with a channel spacing of 2 GHz, a cross-channel interference suppression ratio of 21.95 dB and an image rejection ratio of 21.51 dB are realized. The spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of the receiver is also measured to be 98.25 dB·Hz2/3. The performance of the microwave receiver for multi-channel communications is also experimentally evaluated.
Efficient optimal design of mosaic-like PPDW devices for THz application using the adjoint variable method
Authors: Patwary Md. Iquebal Hossain , Iguchi Akito , Tsuji Yasuhide
Published: April 2023

In the development of THz-wave circuits, parallel plate dielectric waveguide (PPDW) is a promising platform and recently some fundamental devices have been reported. In order to realize high performance PPDW devices, optimal design methods are crucial and as out-of-plane radiation does not occur in PPDW, mosaic-like optimal design appears to be appropriate for PPDW platform. In this paper, we present a novel and efficient mosaic-like design approach based on gradient method with adjoint variable method (AVM) to realize high performance PPDW devices for THz circuit applications. The design variables in the design of PPDW devices are efficiently optimized by utilizing the gradient method. The mosaic structure in the design region is expressed by using density method with an appropriate initial solution. In the optimization process, AVM is employed for an efficient sensitivity analysis. The usefulness of our mosaic-like design approach is confirmed by designing several PPDW devices, T-branch, three branch, mode splitting device, and THz bandpass filter. The proposed mosaic-like PPDW devices except bandpass filter achieved high transmission efficiencies at single frequency operation as well as at broadband operation. Furthermore, the designed THz bandpass filter achieved the desired flat top transmission property at the targeted frequency band.
Densi-melting effect for ultra-precision laser beam figuring with clustered overlapping technology at full-spatial-frequency
Authors: Han Yichi , Wan Songlin , Peng Xiaocong , Jiang Guochang , Wang Lin , Wei Chaoyang , Shao Jianda
Published: April 2023

Laser beam figuring (LBF), as a processing technology for ultra-precision figuring, is expected to be a key technology for further improving optics performance. To the best of our knowledge, we firstly demonstrated CO2 LBF for full-spatial-frequency error convergence at negligible stress. We found that controlling the subsidence and surface smoothing caused by material densification and melt under specific parameters range is an effective way to ensure both form error and roughness. Besides, an innovative “densi-melting” effect is further proposed to reveal the physical mechanism and guide the nano-precision figuring control, and the simulated results at different pulse durations fit well with the experiment results. Plus, to suppress the laser scanning ripples (mid-spatial-frequency (MSF) error) and reduce the control data volume, a clustered overlapping processing technology is proposed, where the laser processing in each sub-region is regarded as tool influence function (TIF). Through the overlapping control of TIF figuring depth, we achieved LBF experiments for the form error root mean square (RMS) reduced from 0.009λ to 0.003λ (λ=632.8 nm) without destroying microscale roughness (0.447 nm to 0.453 nm) and nanoscale roughness (0.290 nm to 0.269 nm). The establishment of the densi-melting effect and the clustered overlapping processing technology prove that LBF provides a new high-precision, low-cost manufacturing method for optics.
InGaN micro-LED array with integrated emission and detection functions for color detection application
Authors: Yan Lintao , Jin Zuxin , Lin Runze , Lu Xinyi , Shan Xinyi , Zhu Shijie , Fang Zhilai , Cui Xugao , Tian Pengfei
Published: April 2023

InGaN-based micro-LEDs can detect and emit optical signals simultaneously, owing to their overlapping emission and absorption spectra, enabling color detection. In this paper, we fabricated a green InGaN-based micro-LED array with integrated emission and detection functions. On the back side of the integrated device, when the 80 μm micro-LED emitted light, the 200 μm LED could receive reflected light to accomplish color detection. The spacing between the 80 μm and the 200 μm micro-LEDs was optimized to be 1 mm to reduce the effect of the direct light transmitted through the n-GaN layer without reflection. The integrated device shows good detection performance for different colors and skin colors, even in a dark environment. In addition, light can be emitted from the top side of the device. Utilization of light from both sides of the integrated device provides the possibility of its application in display, communication, and detection on the different sides.
High-spatial-resolution φ-OFDR shape sensor based on multicore optical fiber with femtosecond-laser-induced permanent scatter arrays
Authors: Fu Cailing , Meng Yanjie , Chen Lin , Zhong Huajian , Du Chao , He Jun , Weng Xiaoyu , Liu Liwei , Qu Junle , Wang Yiping
Published: April 2023

An optical fiber φ-OFDR shape sensor with a submillimeter spatial resolution of 200 µm was demonstrated by using femtosecond-laser-induced permanent scatter array (PS array) multicore fiber (MCF). A PS array was successfully inscribed in each slightly twisted core of the 400-mm-long MCF. The two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) shapes of the PS-array-inscribed MCF were successfully reconstructed by using PS-assisted φ-OFDR, vector projections, and the Bishop frame based on the PS-array-inscribed MCF. The minimum reconstruction error per unit length of the 2D and 3D shape sensor was 2.21% and 1.45%, respectively.
Temporal patterns of owner-pet relationship, stress, and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the effect of pet ownership on mental health: A longitudinal survey
Authors: Ogata Niwako , Weng Hsin-Yi , L. McV. Messam Locksley
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected us in numerous ways and may consequently impact our relationships with pet dogs and cats. We conducted a longitudinal survey to examine the temporal patterns of owner-pet relationship, stress, and loneliness during four phases of the pandemic: 1) pre-pandemic (February 2020), 2) lockdown (April to June 2020), 3) reopening (September to December 2020), and 4) recovery (January 2021 to December 2021). We also investigated the effect of pet ownership on stress and loneliness, by considering a set of a priori causal assumptions. In addition, we hypothesized that the differences in the levels of stress and loneliness between dog and cat ownerships were mediated by the owner-pet relationship. A total of 4,237 participants (657 non-pet owners, 1,761 dog owners, and 1,819 cat owners) completed between one and six surveys. Overall, the closeness in the relationship between owners and their pets increased with time during the study period. We also observed that dog owners consistently showed larger decreases in the levels of stress and loneliness than cat and non-pet owners. However, after adjusting for confounders, the findings did not support a mitigating effect of pet ownership. Pet ownership did not alleviate stress, social loneliness resulting from a lack of friendships or workplace relationships, or emotional loneliness due to deficiencies in family relationships. Pet owners, however, reported a lower degree of emotional loneliness caused by deficits in romantic relationships than non-pet owners. Our results also indicated that the differences in stress and loneliness levels between dog and cat ownerships were partially explained by the owner-pet relationship, and once this was accounted for, the differences between them reduced. In summary, this study highlights the dynamic effects of COVID-19 on owner-pet relationship and mental health. It also shows the complexity of the association between pet ownership and mental health, partially mediated by owner-pet relationships.
Cooperation and partner choice among Agta hunter-gatherer children: An evolutionary developmental perspective
Authors: Major-Smith Daniel , Chaudhary Nikhil , Dyble Mark , Major-Smith Katie , Page Abigail E. , Salali Gul Deniz , Mace Ruth , Migliano Andrea B.
Published: April 2023

Examining development is essential for a full understanding of behaviour, including how individuals acquire traits and how adaptive evolutionary forces shape these processes. The present study explores the development of cooperative behaviour among the Agta, a Filipino hunter-gatherer population. A simple resource allocation game assessing both levels of cooperation (how much children shared) and patterns of partner choice (who they shared with) was played with 179 children between the ages of 3 and 18. Children were given five resources (candies) and for each was asked whether to keep it for themselves or share with someone else, and if so, who this was. Between-camp variation in children’s cooperative behaviour was substantial, and the only strong predictor of children’s cooperation was the average level of cooperation among adults in camp; that is, children were more cooperative in camps where adults were more cooperative. Neither age, sex, relatedness or parental levels of cooperation were strongly associated with the amount children shared. Children preferentially shared with close kin (especially siblings), although older children increasingly shared with less-related individuals. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding cross-cultural patterns of children’s cooperation, and broader links with human cooperative childcare and life history evolution.
Disposable platform for bacterial lysis and nucleic acid amplification based on a single USB-powered printed circuit board
Authors: Shah Kamal G. , Roller Mike , Kumar Sujatha , Bennett Steven , Heiniger Erin , Looney Katriel , Buser Joshua , Bishop Joshua D. , Yager Paul
Published: April 2023

Recent advances in electronics and microfluidics have enabled several research groups to develop fully integrated, sample-to-result isothermal nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) platforms for the point of care. However, high component counts and costs have limited translation of these platforms beyond the clinic to low-resource settings—including homes. Many NAATs include complex, multi-component heater electronics based on flex circuits or multiple printed circuit boards (PCBs) to support essential NAAT steps such as lysis, sample deactivation, and nucleic acid amplification. In contrast, current commercial assays for home use, such as those for pregnancy or ovulation that include electronics, typically have just one onboard PCB. This work describes a generalizable strategy to integrate all heaters and the electronics needed to control them onto a single low-cost, USB-powered PCB. We built a multiplexable disposable NAAT (“MD NAAT”) platform that applies these principles, integrating small-area heaters that heat small regions to near-boiling (for pathogen lysis and deactivation) and large-area heaters (for amplification) on the same PCB. We show that both classes of heaters have high intra-board and inter-device reproducibility despite only heating a NAAT cartridge from below. We validated the small-area heaters by lysing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cells and the large-area heaters by performing two types of isothermal NAATs (isothermal strand displacement amplification (iSDA) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)). These results demonstrate the merit of integrating NAAT heaters and control electronics onto a single printed circuit board and are a step toward translating NAATs to the home.