bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Charmonium and Exotics Study at BESIII
Authors: Yan Liang
Published: November 2024

Recent progress in charmonium and exotic states has been reported in this proceeding. Using the data samples collected by the BESIII experiment, the mass and width of Y states have been extensively studied in hidden and open charm channels. The processes of e+e− → hηc, e+e− → ηψ(2S ) and e+e− → ωχc1(2) are used in the search for new charmonium states. Additionally, new measurements of the X(3872) and the search for C-even states with radiative transition are presented.
Heavy flavour spectroscopy and properties at CMS
Authors: Ivanov Kirill
Published: November 2024

Recent CMS Experiment results on conventional spectroscopy and production of heavy flavour states in pp collisions at 13 TeV are reported, including the first observation of the $${\Xi _{\rm{b}}^ - \to (2{\rm{S}}){\Xi ^ - }} $$ decay. We discuss the measured properties of the ground and excited hadron states.
La tomographie en cohérence optique (OCT) : nouvelle technique d’exploration de la cornée
Authors: Famose Frank
Published: November 2024

L’OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) présente un intérêt majeur dans la réalisation du bilan lésionnel cornéen et dans le suivi des lésions, en particulier sur les cornées transparentes. Cette technique d’imagerie repose sur la mesure du trajet d’un faisceau de rayons infra-rouge dans un milieu transparent. Son pouvoir de résolution est très élevé. La capture d’images est faite sur un animal préalablement sédaté. L’image normale de la cornée comprend trois compartiments : l’épithélium (relativement hyporéflectif), le stroma, avec le collagène, qui apparaît sous forme de bandes de réflectivité modérée, et enfin la membrane de Descemet et l’endothélium confondus en une seule bande fine hyperréflective. Les images pathologiques, vues par OCT, sont associées de manières diverses selon les affections présentes et sont utiles pour le diagnostic, le suivi et la décision opératoire. Toutefois, l’OCT présente de multiples limites liées à l’état d’avancement des lésions observées, à la nécessité d’une sédation et au coût et à la disponibilité du matériel.
Intérêt et applications du Cross-linking du collagène cornéen en ophtalmologie vétérinaire
Authors: Famose Frank
Published: November 2024

Le Cross-linking du collagène cornéen (CXL) est un processus photochimique qui repose sur la libération de radicaux libres par un chromophore, la riboflavine, sous l’effet d’un rayonnement ultraviolet. Les conséquences biologiques et morphologiques sont, au niveau de la cornée, l’augmentation de la solidité et de la résistance du collagène à la digestion enzymatique, l’inactivation des germes bactériens et la modulation de la réponse inflammatoire. Les applications vétérinaires, adaptées de l’ophtalmologie humaine, sont en premier lieu le traitement des infections cornéennes avérées ou supposées. Le PACK-CXL (Photo-Activated Chromophore for Keratitis – CXL) est une option sérieuse pour le traitement de la kératomalacie chez les carnivores comme une alternative à la chirurgie tectonique de la cornée. La deuxième indication est le traitement des kératopathies bulleuses canines pour lesquelles le CXL amène la guérison des ulcères cornéens sans amélioration durable de l’œdème cornéen.
Culicoides and midge-associated arboviruses on cattle farms in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Duan Ying-Liang , Li Zhan-Hong , Bellis Glenn A. , Li Le , Liu Bing-Gang , Wang Jian-Ping , Liu Jian-Mei , Liao De-Fang , Zhu Jian-Bo
Published: November 2024

Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are small biting midges, some of which are the vectors of arboviruses affecting livestock, i.e., African horse sickness virus (AHSV), bluetongue virus (BTV), and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). Yunnan Province, located in southwestern China, has a history of high prevalence of arboviruses. The diversity and abundance of Culicoides was observed between March 2022 and March 2023 on two cattle farms in Lufeng County of Yunnan Province, China and virus isolation and PCR detection were attempted from cattle blood and Culicoides spp. collected from the farms. Light trap collections contained 19 species of Culicoides belonging to 8 subgenera and one unplaced species group and were dominated by C. oxystoma (63.4%), C. imicola (16.2%), C. arakawae (13.4%), C. sp. near newsteadi (2.3%), and C. orientalis (1.7%). A total of 8,343 Culicoides were used for statistical analysis; from these collections 997 Culicoides specimens belonging to 10 species were screened for the presence of BTV, EHDV, Yunnan Orbivirus (YUOV), and Yongshan totivirus (YSToV) using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). One strain of YUOV was isolated from cattle blood and 7 isolates of YSToV were isolated from 5 different species of Culicoides. BTV and YSToV were detected from 2 and 3 pools of parous C. imicola specimens by RT-qPCR, respectively, which is the first report of a totivirus to be associated with Culicoides. Culicoides imicola is likely to be the major vector of Culicoides-borne arboviruses in Lufeng County, which is a relatively dry locality, and adult C. imicola may play a role of BTV overwintering.
Arthralgien bei Psoriasis vulgaris – manchmal lohnt ein zweiter Blick
Authors: Schulte-Terhusen Philipp , Baraliakos Xenofon , Karagkiozidou Dimitra
Published: November 2024

Anamnese Die 71-jährige Patientin berichtete von langjährig bestehenden entzündlichen Arthralgien bei Psoriasis vulgaris. Eine Therapie mit Methotrexat hatte zu Leberwerterhöhungen geführt, unter Behandlung mit dem TNFα-Inhibitor Adalimumab persistierten die Beschwerden.

Untersuchungen Mittels Arthrosonografie und MRT konnte ein vorwiegend periartikuläres Inflammationsmuster an Handgelenken, Metakarpophalangeal-Gelenken und proximalen Interphalangeal-Gelenken ohne postentzündliche Stigmata einer Psoriasisarthritis objektiviert werden. Laborchemisch fand sich ein erhöhter anti-HCV-Titer mit hoher Viruslast im Sinne einer floriden Hepatitis C.

Diagnose Eine vorwiegend extrahepatisch manifestierte Hepatitis C mit assoziierter Periarthritis wurde diagnostiziert.

Therapie und Verlauf Unter kombinierter, interferonfreier antiviraler Therapie sistierten die Gelenkbeschwerden.

Folgerung Die Hepatitis C kann sich durch extrahepatische Manifestationen im Sinne einer periartikulären Inflammation äußern. Entzündlich suspekte Arthralgien bei Psoriasis vulgaris sind nicht gleichbedeutend mit der Diagnose einer Psoriasisarthritis und sollten fachgerecht rheumatologisch evaluiert werden.
Indikationsimpfungen bei Diabetes
Authors: Müller-Wieland Dirk , Gallwitz Baptist , Blüher Matthias , Seufert Jochen
Published: November 2024

Die STIKO ordnet Menschen mit Diabetes und ggf. chronischen Nierenkrankheiten unabhängig von ihrem Diabetestyp als Risikogruppe ein. Für sie gibt es grundsätzlich keine Impfkontraindikationen, Ausnahmen sind lediglich Patienten nach Organtransplantation oder unter intensiver immunsuppressiver Therapie. Daher sollten empfohlene oder notwendige Impfungen auch bei fehlender Impfdokumentation durchgeführt werden. Bei Impfungen wird zwischen Standard-, Auffrisch- und Indikationsimpfungen unterschieden. Folgende Übersicht basiert auf den STIKO-Empfehlungen zu Indikations- und Auffrischimpfungen bei Erwachsenen mit Diabetes, um einen lebenslangen umfassenden Impfschutz zu erzielen.
Impact of Antipsychotic Medications on Weight Gain and Eating
Disorder-Related Psychopathology in Adult Inpatients with Anorexia
Nervosa
Authors: Bauman Tabea , Kolar David R. , Correll Christoph U. , Haas Verena , Voderholzer Ulrich
Published: November 2024

Introduction The impact of antipsychotic use on weight gain and eating
disorder-related psychopathology in adult inpatients with anorexia nervosa (AN)
is unclear.

Methods Consecutively hospitalized adults with AN were retrospectively
analyzed. Co-primary outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and weekly weight
change. Secondary outcomes were Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) subscale
scores ‘drive for thinness’ and ‘body dissatisfaction’. Admission-to-discharge
changes were compared in patients continuing pre-admission antipsychotics
(APcont), starting antipsychotics (APnew) and patients without
psychopharmacotherapy (noMed) using linear mixed models. Sensitivity analyses
were conducted in subgroups matched for age, length of stay, baseline BMI and
baseline EDI-2 scores. Subgroups were also compared regarding BMI trajectories,
using non-linear growth curve models. Within-group analyses compared weight gain
before vs. after the median antipsychotic onset week.

Results Of 775 adult inpatients (mean length of stay =103.5±48.0 days),
21.7% received antipsychotics (APcont =7.7%; APnew=13.9%), i. e., olanzapine
(n=127, dose =5.5±3.1 mg/day) or quetiapine (n=41, dose=100.0±97.7 mg/day),
while 78.3% did not receive any medication. Comparing all three groups, a
significant time×group interaction was found for noMed and APnew vs. APcont
(p=0.011), but this effect disappeared when comparing matched
subgroups. However, in matched subgroups (n=54 each) APnew showed steeper weight
gain vs. APcont both overall (p=0.011) and after median antipsychotic
initiation (5.8±5.0 weeks) (p≤0.001). No significant group differences
emerged in EDI-2 subscale scores.

Discussion In this naturalistic study, 22% of adult inpatients received
antipsychotics. However, neither weight gain nor AN-related psychopathology
changed differently in patients treated with vs. without antipsychotics. Newly
initiated antipsychotic treatment vs. continuation from pre-admission had better
weight gain outcomes.
Long-term Survival in Elderly Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Compared to the Age-matched General Population: A Meta-analysis of Reconstructed Time-to-Event Data
Authors: Kirov Hristo , Caldonazo Tulio , Toshmatov Sultonbek , Tasoudis Panagiotis , Mukharyamov Murat , Diab Mahmoud , Doenst Torsten
Published: November 2024

Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) limits life expectancy compared to the general population. Myocardial infarctions (MIs) are the primary cause of death. The incidence of MI increases progressively with age and most MI deaths occur in the population older than 70 years. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may prevent the occurrence of new MIs by bypassing most CAD lesions, providing downstream “collateralization” to the diseased vessel, and consequently prolonging survival. We systematically assessed the survival-improving potential of CABG by comparing elderly CABG patients to the age-matched general population.

Methods Three databases were assessed. The primary and single outcome was long-term all-cause mortality. Time-to-event data of the individual studies were extracted and reconstructed in an overall survival curve. As a sensitivity analysis, summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all individual studies were pooled and meta-analytically addressed. The control group was based on the age-matched general population of each individual study.

Results From 1,352 records, 4 studies (4,045 patients) were included in the analysis. Elderly patients (>70 years) who underwent CABG had a significantly lower risk of death in the follow-up compared to the general age-matched population in the overall survival analysis (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.94; p < 0.001: mean follow-up was 7 years).

Conclusion Elderly patients who undergo CABG appear to have significantly better long-term survival compared to the age-matched general population. This advantage becomes visible after the first year and underscores the life-prolonging effect of bypass surgery, which may eliminate the expected reduction in life expectancy through CAD.
Opioid Use after Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Comparison between Open and Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Abaunza-Camacho Juan Felipe , Gomez-Niebles Sara , Madrinan-Navia Humberto , Aponte-Caballero Rafael , Riveros William Mauricio , Laverde-Frade Leonardo
Published: November 2024

Background Opioids are medications frequently used in patients with moderate and severe chronic pain. Their pharmacologic profile allows their use in acute severe postoperative pain. However, due to their highly addictive profile, opioid misuse is considered a public health issue. Vertebral spine fusion, decompression, and instrumentation are often associated with acute, severe postoperative pain. The present study aims to compare postoperative opioid consumption in a group of patients who underwent open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (OTLIF) against a similar group of patients who underwent minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MTLIF).

Methods We present a quantitative, observational, analytical, and historical cohort study. After convenience sampling, we identified 45 patients, 34 of whom underwent OTLIF and 11 underwent MTLIF. The analysis was made after measuring the following variables: demographics, type of surgery, length of stay, pain control, opioid type, and opioid dose. Statistical methods were implemented according to the origin and behavior of the variable.

Results We found a difference between significant and nonsignificant pain among the groups with less opioid consumption in the MTILF group. This difference was seen in the frequency and dosage during all observation periods. However, in the postoperative observation, the frequencies and dosages were equal between groups. According to linear regression, the type of surgery, radiculopathy, and radiculitis explain the significant postoperative pain in up to 50% of cases.

Conclusion Our study reveals a significant difference in opioid consumption between patients undergoing different surgical techniques. While these findings are valid for the studied population, the limitation in sample size highlights the need for further research. The implications of our findings on postoperative pain management and opioid use in spinal surgeries are significant and warrant continued investigation.
Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: Role of Imaging for Diagnosis
Authors: Ravina Ravina , Amina Nishat , Ghosh Anupran
Published: November 2024

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare disorder of sexual differentiation, characterized by impaired responsiveness to androgens, resulting in the development of typically female external genitalia, despite having a male chromosomal pattern (XY). In this case report, we describe the radiological findings of two young siblings diagnosed with AIS who presented with primary amenorrhea. The diagnosis was confirmed on laparotomy and gonads were surgically removed in both the siblings.
Lipofibromatous Hamartoma of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve with Significant Macrodactyly and Macrodystrophia Lipomatosa
Authors: Prasad Rohini , Rajeswaran Arun Kumar , Kumar Karishmah Senthil , Prasad Purvashree
Published: November 2024

We report a rare presentation of lipofibromatous hamartoma involving the superficial peroneal nerve with significant macrodactyly in a woman in her late 40s, with a follow-up period of 3 years. We discuss the clinical presentation, distinguishing features, and the surgical technique chosen for maximum functional outcome, along with a review of the literature. This case report attempts to understand the spectrum of disease represented by lipofibromatous hamartoma, its nomenclature, diagnosis, and management depending on the extent of tissue involvement. In this case, as there was macrodystrophia with osseous overgrowth and extensive lipomatosis, the challenges involved in planning surgery for a desirable aesthetic and mechanical outcome have been discussed.
Enterobacter cloacae as a Rare Cause of Cerebral Abscesses in a Neonatal Late-Onset Sepsis—a Case Report and Literature Review with Focus on Risk Factors, Diagnostics, and Treatment
Authors: Yildirim Yildiz , Perez Ruy , Wentzell Rüdiger , Andrée Clemens , Weinzierl Martin , Utz Norbert , Niehues Tim
Published: November 2024

Late-onset sepsis (LOS; sepsis occurring after the first 72 h of life) increases the morbidity and mortality of premature neonates, especially those with very low birth weight (≤1,500 g). In LOS, Enterobacter cloacae has been rarely described as a cause of secondary brain abscesses. Our case report summarizes important aspects of cerebral abscesses due to an E. cloacae sepsis in a preterm neonate. Our patient received surgical abscess drainage and rational antibiotic treatment, employing prolonged meropenem infusions plus fosfomycin and subsequent treatment with oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Furthermore, we present a review of the current literature from 2009 to 2022, comparing cases similar to our case.
The Role of Platelets in Atherosclerosis: A Historical Review
Authors: Momi Stefania , Gresele Paolo
Published: November 2024

Atherosclerosis is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disorder of large and medium-size arteries, which is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although platelets in cardiovascular disease have mainly been studied for their crucial role in the thrombotic event triggered by atherosclerotic plaque rupture, over the last two decades it has become clear that platelets participate also in the development of atherosclerosis, owing to their ability to interact with the damaged arterial wall and with leukocytes. Platelets participate in all phases of atherogenesis, from the initial functional damage to endothelial cells to plaque unstabilization. Platelets deposit at atherosclerosis predilection sites before the appearance of manifest lesions to the endothelium and contribute to induce endothelial dysfunction, thus supporting leukocyte adhesion to the vessel wall. In particular, platelets release matrix metalloproteinases, which interact with protease-activated receptor 1 on endothelial cells triggering adhesion molecule expression. Moreover, P-selectin and glycoprotein Ibα expressed on the surface of vessel wall-adhering platelets bind PSGL-1 and β2 integrins on leukocytes, favoring their arrest and transendothelial migration. Platelet–leukocyte interactions promote the formation of radical oxygen species which are strongly involved in the lipid peroxidation associated with atherosclerosis. Platelets themselves actively migrate through the endothelium toward the plaque core where they release chemokines that modify the microenvironment by modulating the function of other inflammatory cells, such as macrophages. While current antiplatelet agents seem unable to prevent the contribution of platelets to atherogenesis, the inhibition of platelet secretion, of the release of MMPs, and of some specific pathways of platelet adhesion to the vessel wall may represent promising future strategies for the prevention of atheroprogression.
Serum Albumin Alters [18F]FDG Activity in the Liver and Blood Pool
Authors: Li Wai Ip , Ng Kwok Sing , Wong Wai Chung , Ng Koon Kiu , Au Yong Ting Kun , Kung Boom Ting
Published: November 2024

Objective This study aims to investigate the correlation between the 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) activity of the liver and blood pool, and the serum albumin.

Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult patients who underwent [18F]FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography at the Nuclear Medicine Unit of a hospital in Hong Kong between January 1, 2023, and March 31, 2023. The mean standardized uptake value normalized to lean body mass (SULmean) was measured in the liver and blood pool. Pearson's correlation analyses between the SULmean of reference regions and serum albumin were performed. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the effects of serum albumin and other parameters as the independent predictors on SULmean of the reference regions.

Results A total of 146 patients were included, with their SULmean of the liver and blood pool showing significantly positive correlations with serum albumin (r = 0.393, p < 0.001 and r = 0.207, p = 0.012, respectively). Multiple linear regression analyses confirmed serum albumin as an independent variable on SULmean of the liver and blood pool (p < 0.001 and p = 0.014, respectively).

Conclusion Serum albumin alters [18F]FDG biodistribution in the liver and blood pool. The decrease in liver background activity in patients with low serum albumin may produce a higher false-positive rate of lesion detection, particularly when there is a drop of serum albumin in serial scans. Nuclear medicine physicians should be cautious of image interpretation.
Comparative Assessment of Agreement in Uniformity Analyses across Quality Control Software Platforms
Authors: Supramaniam Thasmeera T. , Udin Muhammad Y. , Musarudin Marianie
Published: November 2024

Objective In nuclear medicine, quality control (QC) activities adhere to international standards, yet their complexity can pose challenges. Gamma camera manufacturers have introduced integrated QC software, offering instantaneous results. However, the agreement of these automated processes with established protocols remains uncertain. This study aims to clarify this uncertainty by comparatively analyzing uniformity from various software solutions for a dual-head gamma camera.

Methods The study utilized integrated QC analysis software and three free QC analysis tools (IAEA-NMQC Toolkit, NM Toolkit, and Fiji) for uniformity analyses. Following the National Electrical Manufacturers Association standards, NEMA Standards Publication NU 1-2018, the intrinsic uniformity test was performed on a GE Discovery NM/CT 670 Pro system. Ten uniformity QC images underwent analysis with both integrated QC software and alternative software. Data agreements were tested using the Blant–Altman regression-based analysis.

Results Significant differences were observed in integral and differential uniformities (p < 0.001). The central field of view (useful field of view) integral uniformity mean differences for NMQC Toolkit, NM Toolkit, and Fiji were 2.46% (2.34%), 2.44% (2.31%), and 2.56% (2.64%), respectively. Conversely, x-differential and y-differential uniformity mean differences were consistently under 2%. Regression-based analysis confirmed good agreement between computed values.

Conclusion The integrated QC software of Discovery NM/CT 670 Pro provides reliable uniformity analysis, aligned with the NEMA standards. Variations in computed values may stem from differences in pixel values and applied data corrections.
Elucidation of FDG-PET Imaging Characteristics that Reflect the Heterogeneity within Tumors Due to Variability in Metabolic Activity: A Phantom Study
Authors: Suzuki Junpei , Tsuda Keisuke , Koyama Kazuya , Harada Tomoya , Takemoto Shota , Kimura Satoshi , Murakami Koji
Published: November 2024

Objective Focusing on the heterogeneity within cancer lesions and revealing cancer lesions with a high signal-to-noise ratio will help improve the quality of positron emission tomography (PET) images. This study aimed to understand how glucose metabolic activity can be shown with less statistical noise using a quality assessment phantom modeled after cancer lesions with a two-layer structure and a Clear adaptive Low-noise Method (CaLM) filter.

Materials and Methods A National Electrical Manufacturers Association phantom with two spheres with a two-layer structure filled with 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (inner and outer diameters of the spheres were 13/22 and 22/37 mm, respectively; radioactivity ratio of the background [BG] to outer sphere layer was 1:4; and BG-to-inner sphere layer ratios were 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) was evaluated. The acquisition time was set at 120 seconds, and imaging was repeated five times. The image data in photomultiplier tube (PMT)-PET were reconstructed using a time-of-flight (TOF) ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm (point spread function [PSF] − , iteration: 3, subset: 10) with a 4-mm Gaussian filter (GF) for normal images. Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)-PET data were reconstructed using a TOF OSEM algorithm (PSF − , iteration: 2, subset: 12) and a 3-mm GF for normal images. The target images were reconstructed using three CaLM parameters (mild, standard, and strong). All the obtained images were investigated quantitatively, with calculation of maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), coefficient of variation (CV), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), after setting regions of interest on the lesions. Statistical analysis using the Dunnett's test compared normal images (control group) and target images (treatment group). Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05.

Results Quantitative assessment revealed that the SUVmax of target images (standard and strong) was equivalent to that of normal images in PMT-PET, with SUVmax of 3 to 3.5 for both layers. The SUVmax in SiPM-PET was similar across all CaLM types, ranging from 3 to 4 for all spheres. The target images (standard and strong) had a significantly reduced CV and improved CNR compared with normal images.

Conclusion The boundary of the 22/37-mm spheres was visible with CaLM (strong) at radioactivity ratios of 1:4:1 and 1:4:2 on both scanners. For the 13/22-mm sphere boundary, visibility with CaLM (strong) was observed only with SiPM-PET, with the SUVmax equivalent to normal images. CaLM (strong) was deemed the optimal postprocessing filter for PMT-PET due to significant improvements in CV and CNR, while CaLM (standard) was suggested as the optimal filter for SiPM-PET due to excessive BG smoothing.
Unveiling consumer satisfaction and its driving factors of EVs in China using an explainable artificial intelligence approach
Authors: Liang Chaoxi , Yang Qingtao , Sun Hongyuan , Ma Xiaoming
Published: November 2024

As China’s electric vehicle (EV) industry shifts from policy-driven to market-oriented development, understanding post-purchase satisfaction and its driving factors becomes imperative. This study compiled objective product attributes and consumer online reviews for 1321 EV models from China’s largest automotive website, Autohome, covering the period between 2014 and 2022. By employing data mining and sentiment analysis (SA) techniques, this research extracted consumers’ overall satisfaction with EVs and identified the subjective product attributes that garnered the most attention in consumer online comments. Utilizing a machine learning (ML)—SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) framework, the research pinpointed the most impactful objective and subjective product attributes on consumer satisfaction and ranked their impact intensity both statically and dynamically. The findings reveal that Chinese consumers are generally satisfied or very satisfied with their EVs. From a static perspective, distinctive objective product attributes of EVs, such as total motor power and range, play a crucial role in influencing consumer satisfaction. In terms of subjective product attributes, aspects like space, design, handling, and comfort are the most captivating to consumers and significantly shape their satisfaction. However, the dynamic analysis indicates that range anxiety persists, despite gradually increasing consumer satisfaction as the EV market matures. Additionally, price remains a crucial factor, particularly following the widespread implementation of subsidy withdrawal policies, making it the most sensitive factor for EV consumers. This study represents the first application of an explainable artificial intelligence framework to quantify the marginal impacts of various automotive product attributes on consumer satisfaction.
Pinning in niobium and vanadium single crystals containing hydrogen
Authors: Vinnikov L. Ya. , Zharikov O. V. , Kopetskii Ch. V. , Polovov V. M.
Published: November 2024

The critical current density (Jc), the volt-ampere characteristic (VAC) and the pinning force Fp are investigated in Nb and V single crystals containing hydrogen. The temperature of hydride phase formation during cooling and the hydrogen concentration were determined by calorimetry. A significant increase in Jc as well as a change in the VAC shape were detected after abrupt cooling of the specimens from 295 to 4.2°K. The results are discussed under the assumption of vortex pinning by hydride precipitates.
Theory of a magnetic electron liquid in an external field
Authors: Akhiezer I. T.
Published: November 2024

The dependence of the characteristic ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic quantities on the temperature T and the external field is investigated using a model of a magnetic Fermi liquid. The conditions are formulated for which the model of the Fermi liquid gives the same susceptibilities, phase sequences, and critical transition fields for T = 0 as the canonical model. It is shown that these conditions are violated when the temperature is increased; in this case the longitudinal susceptibility of the collinear phases is no longer small, and other sequences of magnetic transitions (than at T = 0) occur.
Exciton-phonon interaction in rare gas crystals
Authors: Fugol' I. Ya. , Tarasova E. I.
Published: November 2024

The theoretical concepts concerning scattering and self-localization of electronic excitations in rare gas crystals, for which the exciton-phonon interaction is deformational, are analyzed. The basic theoretical expressions and relations are expressed in a form convenient for further discussion of absorption and luminescence data for xenon, krypton, argon, and neon crystals. The exciton bandwidths in rare gas crystals are investigated. Experimentai luminescence and absorption data are analyzed, and it is shown that they can be interpreted in terms of the theory of exciton-phonon interaction.
Effect of irradiation on cyclotron resonance in lead
Authors: Dzhordzhishvili L. I.
Published: November 2024

It is established that an irradiation flux of 570 n/cm2·sec has a significant effect on cyclotron resonance in lead, quenching it with an exposure of the order of 700 sec. The anisotropy of the effect of the irradiation in relation to the crystallographic axes and their orientation relative to the skin-layer is established.
Temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of metals in the “dirty” limit
Authors: Bychkova N. N. , Kopeliovich A. I.
Published: November 2024

It is demonstrated that simultaneous collisions of electrons with impurities and with phonons may result in such large deviations from Matthiessen's rule that, at the “dirty” limit, the temperature-dependent component of resistivity behaves in a qualitatively different fashion than in the “pure” limit. When the Fermi surface of a metal includes segments of large curvature (regions of Bragg reflection in metals describable by the weak-pseudopotential model), for instance, then the well known Bloch law for the temperature dependence of the resistivity is violated in the “dirty” limit. It has been established that Umklapp processes also result in large deviations from Matthiessen's rule, the form of these deviations yielding much information about those processes. It is noted that in the “dirty” limit the electron–phonon component of resistivity may depend on the impurity concentration.
Absorption of electromagnetic waves in magnetically ordered crystals with orbitally degenerate impurities
Authors: Fal'kovskaya L. D. , Fishman A. Ya. , Ivanov M. A. , Mitrofanov V. Ya.
Published: November 2024

Characteristics of single- and two-magnon light absorption by localized excitations are analyzed in a magnetically ordered crystal doped with impurities whose ground state in a cubic crystal field is twofold orbitally degenerate (E-term).
Inhomogeneous ferro- and antiferromagnetic ordering in variable composition sulfide compounds of gadolinium
Authors: Andrianov D. G. , Drozdov S. A. , Lazareva G. V. , Ponomarev N. M. , Fistul' V. I.
Published: November 2024

The magnetic and electrical properties of fused and sintered gadolinium sulfide compounds with Th3P4 type structure are studied over the temperature range 1.6–300°K and in magnetic fields of up to 70 kOe. In fused specimens of the stoichiometric compound Gd2S3 below 3.9°K antiferromagnetic ordering was observed. Sintered specimens with excess gadolinium as compared to stoichiometric composition are characterized by properties typical of ferromagnetic semiconductors. Fused specimens of analogous compositions showed sharply differing properties, which may be explained by the development of inhomogeneous magnetization and electron density distributions within them.
Two-magnon absorption in low-dimensional biaxial antiferromagnets
Authors: Pereverzev Yu. V. , Stepanov A. A.
Published: November 2024

Two-magnon absorption in the collinear phase of a biaxial low-dimensional antiferromagnet has been calculated in the linear approximation in an ultra-high-frequency field. It has been shown that if the uhf vector h is parallel to the easy axis, four types of two-magnon absorption are possible, corresponding to the excitation of two magnons from the same branch (or different branches) of the spectrum and also to the excitation of a magnon of the high-frequency branch as the result of the interaction of a uhf-field quantum with a magnon of the low-frequency branch of the spectrum. Absorption coefficients are calculated as functions of the frequency, the applied magnetic field, and the temperature.
Excitons in magnetically ordered crystals (Review)
Authors: Gaĭdideĭ Yu. B. , Loktev V. M. , Prikhot'ko A. F.
Published: November 2024

Theoretical and experimental results concerning exciton states in magnetic dielectrics are presented. The electronic excitation operator of the crystal is derived, exciton states in ferro- and antiferromagnets at arbitrary temperatures are calculated, and exciton relaxation constants in the vicinity of the magnetic phase transition are determined. Exciton and exciton–magnon light absorption is considered using the alpha-oxygen crystal as an example. Features of the temperature behavior of the total intensity of one- and two-quasiparticle transitions are discussed.
On an adiabatic approach in the theory of electron-ripplon scattering at a liquid helium surface
Authors: Monarkha Yu. P.
Published: November 2024

The problem of electron-ripplon scattering on a liquid helium surface is investigated by using the Born- Oppenheimer adiabatic principle. The results obtained permit determination of the validity of different approaches to the description of electron-ripplon interaction which are encountered in the literature. It is shown that because of the strong coupling between the electrons and the helium surface, taking account of adiabaticity in a direction perpendicular to the liquid-vapor interface is most important in the problem of electron-ripplon scattering. After this adiabaticity has been taken into account the Bloch and Born- Oppenheimer approaches yield the same result for the motion in the plane of the liquid-vapor interface. Without taking account of adiabaticity in the Z coordinate, these approaches lead to substantially different results.
Ginzburg-Landau equations and quantum coherent phenomena in systems with electron-hole pairing
Authors: Shevchenko S. I.
Published: November 2024

A Ginzburg-Landau scheme is developed to describe nonuniform states of systems with pairing of spatially separated electrons and holes. The equations obtained are used to study current-carrying states in such systems. It is shown that electron tunneling from regions of electron to regions of hole conductivity does not suppress the flow of persistent currents. A new mechanism of superconductivity is predicted which is associated with degeneracy of layered structures of the type under consideration in the longitudinal velocity of electron-hole pairs. This mechanism is manifested in transverse superconductivity near the surface of the layered crystal.
Peak effect in type II superconductors
Authors: Borka S. , Goncharov I. N. , Fricsovszky D. , Khukhareva I. S.
Published: November 2024

Results of investigations of the behavior of the static (Ic) and dynamic (Id) critical currents near Hc2(T) are reported, where the former is determined for constant threshold voltage, and the latter by an extrapolation of the linear part of the current–voltage characteristic (CVC) to zero voltage. The measurements were performed for a series of specimens (κ = 50) with different microstructures in a broad temperature range. A peak effect is detected on Id(H)|T and Ic(H)|T. In certain cases, two peaks, which differ from each other in their temperature dependence, are observed on Ic(H) where the high field peak is similar in its behavior to the dynamic current peak. The presence of the lower peak, which is accompanied by a large modification in the lower part of the CVC is explained by an increase in the degree of synchronization of vortex interaction with pinning centers in the static state of the vortex lattice as H→Hc2(T). The peak of the dynamic critical current is related to an increase in the number and (or) efficiency of the pinning centers near the upper critical magnetic field, where the strong temperature dependence of the peak magnitude obtained (∼[Hc2(T)]4.6 can be explained under an assumption about the importance of the influence of inhomogeneities in the electron mean free path.
High-frequency properties of a one-dimensional spin system with anisotropic interaction
Authors: Kleiner V. Z. , Mikhailov O. S. , Tsukernik V. M.
Published: November 2024

The nonlinear response of an xy spin chain with anisotropic interaction to an alternating magnetic field polarized along a chosen axis (longitudinal pumping) is considered. The high-frequency magnetization of the system is determined in two limiting cases, namely, a small amplitude of the high-frequency field and a small exchange anisotropy.
Diamagnetic quantum oscillations of static elastic moduli of metals in a magnetic field
Authors: Lazarev B. G. , Kaner E. A. , Chebotarev L. V.
Published: November 2024

It is shown that the relative amplitude of diamagnetic quantum oscillations of the static elastic moduli of pure metals can be of the order of unity at suffiiently low temperatures. In contrast to the known oscillational phenomena of this type, these oscillations are of an extraordinary nature: The contribution of electrons to the elastic modulus is inversely proportional to the density of the electron states and strongly decreases at the maxima of ν(ϵf, H).
Effect of a magnetic field on creep of nickel at 4.2°K
Authors: Aksenov V. K. , Gindin I. A. , Druinskii E. I. , Karaseva E. V. , Starodubov Ya. D.
Published: November 2024

An experimental study was made to determine the characteristics of low-temperature creep in polycrystalline nickel during application and removal of a constant magnetic field of various intensities. It has been found that both application and removal of a magnetic field result in an increment of plastic strain in a ferromagnetic material. The dependence of softening effects on the magnetic field intensity and on the externally induced stress was another object of this study. Various possible mechanisms effecting the change of plasticity of ferromagnetic materials in a magnetic field are considered. The experimental results are theoretically analyzed on the basis of these concepts.
Impedance of type II superconductors in the Shubnikov phase
Authors: Krasnov Yu. K.
Published: November 2024

The impedance of type II inhomogeneous superconductors in the Shubnikov phase is calculated for small amplitudes of the external current.
Theory of the ordered phase in anisotropic quadrupolar systems. Application to quantum molecular crystals
Authors: Onufrieva F. P.
Published: November 2024

The theory of a quantum quadrupolar phase is developed for anisotropic quadrupolar systems with S = 1. The model under consideration describes the ferroquadrupolar phase in magnetics with biquadrutic exchange (for a suitable parameter ratio of biquadratic to bilinear Heisenberg exchange), as well as orientational ordering in quantum molecular crystals, orthohydrogen (o-H2) and paradeuterium (p-D2). The dynamic and kinematic interaction processes between the elementary excitations are taken into account. A special perturbation theory in the reciprocal number of nearest neighbors as a small parameter is used to treat the interaction processes not conserving the number of elementary excitations.

The dispersion law of elemetary excitations and the temperature dependence of the order parameter are obtained. It is shown that the inelastic interaction, usually neglected in similar problems, leads to the appearance of an internal field associated with the order parameter, causing a nonproportionality of frequencies of the order parameter and a dynamic stability of the quadrupolar phase at all temperatures. Therefore, only first order phase transitions can occur in such systems. Numerical calculations were performed for the o-H2 and p-D2 crystals, and the results obtained are in good agreement with experiment.
Development platform for UV-NIL processes using polymer masters produced by laser ablation and photolithography
Authors: Zajadacz Joachim , Lorenz Pierre , Ehrhardt Martin , Zimmer Klaus
Published: November 2024

Ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) is a versatile and cost-effective technique for the fabrication of micro- and nanostructures by copying master patterns in a planar or a roll-to-roll process through curing of a liquid UV-sensitive precursor. For applications with a high pattern complexity, new UV-NIL process chains must be specified. Master fabrication is a challenging part of the development and often cannot be accomplished using a single master fabrication technique. Therefore, an approach combining different patterning fabrication techniques is developed here for polymer masters using laser direct writing and photolithography. The polymer masters produced in this way are molded into inverse silicone stamps that are used for roll-to-roll replication into an acrylate formulation. To fit the required roller size for large-area UV-NIL, several submasters with micrometer-sized dot and line gratings and prism arrays, which have been patterned by these different techniques, are assembled to final size of ∼200 × 600 mm2 with an absolute precision of better than 50 µm. The size of the submasters allows the use of standard laboratory equipment for patterning and direct writing, thus enabling the fabrication of micro- and even nanostructures when electron-beam writing is utilized. In this way, the effort, time, and costs for the fabrication of masters for UV-NIL processes are reduced, enabling further development for particular structures and applications. Using this approach, patterns fabricated with different laboratory tools are finally replicated by UV-NIL in an acrylate formulation, demonstrating the high quality of the whole process chain.
Metal–metal oxide hybrid catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction
Authors: Chen Zuohuan , Ye Yifan , Jiang Kun
Published: November 2024

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction is emerging as a promising technology to address anthropogenic carbon emissions, with the searching of effective catalysts being the primary barrier toward industrial implementation. This review starts from the long-standing debates over the role of subsurface oxygen and positively charged metal sites (Mδ+) within oxide-derived catalysts. Thereafter, we focus on the strategy of constructing metal–metal oxide hybrid catalysts, which is enriched with M1–O–M2 heterojunctions that capable of maintaining a positive valence state of active sites and improving CO2 reduction performance. Specifically, advances in metal–metal oxide hybrid catalysts for CO2-to-C1 conversions are overviewed for selective CO, formate, or CH4 production, respectively. Thereafter, we summarize the interfacial engineering approaches for Cu/MOx hybrid catalysts aimed at selective C2+ production, including the interfacial boundary density, the morphology effect of MOx support, the choice of MOx, and their interaction manipulation with Cu sites. This review concludes with an outlook on the challenges and future directions for developing precisely controlled hybrid catalysts with an in-depth understanding of structure–performance relationship. Continued interdisciplinary collaborations from materials science, surface chemistry, analytical methodology, and theoretical modeling will be pivotal in overcoming existing challenges and pushing the frontiers of CO2 reduction research.
Tunable electromagnetically induced transparency modulation using L-shaped complementary graphene metamaterials
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Bai Lei , Wang Yinghua , Wu Qionghua , Shao Jian
Published: November 2024

In this study, we demonstrate the tunable modulation of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect using L-shaped complementary graphene metamaterials. The structure consists of a horizontal line slot and a vertical line slot, representing the bright and dark modes, respectively. The synergistic interaction between the bright and dark modes generates a pronounced transparent window within the transmission spectrum. Owing to symmetry, the EIF effect can be realized in two perpendicular polarization directions. Compared to metallic metamaterials, graphene metamaterials are tunable by controlling the Fermi energy of graphene via the gate voltage rather than by redesigning the structure. The regulation of the Fermi energy level in the complementary graphene metamaterials presented herein is more straightforward than that in the discrete graphene configurations. By tuning the EIT transparent window, we enabled actively controlled sensing capabilities and the realization of slow light effects. This work illuminates potential applications in the development of environmental sensors, slow-light devices, and terahertz modulators.
A study on the combined effects of creep and environment-induced damage on aluminum alloy 2219
Authors: Lv Shengli , Sun Jingjue , Zhang Wei , Srivatsan T. S. , Miao Tonghui
Published: November 2024

Aluminum alloys have over the years grown both in stature and in strength so as to be a prime of “preferred” candidate for use in a spectrum of applications in the industries spanning aerospace and automotive. However, the aluminum alloys are often susceptible to failure. This necessitated the need for a careful, cautious, and complete study of their safety and durability. At present, research into understanding the creep behavior of aluminum alloys is focused on high-temperatures with little attention being given to creep upon exposure to aggressive aqueous environments. In this study, aluminum alloy 2219 was subjected to uniaxial tensile creep tests very much in accordance with the creep test standard for the purpose of investigating the room temperature creep behavior of the alloy under constant load and at room temperature. Based on the Norton–Bailey creep model, the relevant parameters in the room temperature creep constitutive model of aluminum alloy 2219 were determined. Creep is combined with environment-induced damage. A corresponding creep-environment-induced damage model was established to predict the creep behavior of aluminum alloy structures in actual service environments.
Direct laser poling of lithium niobate on insulator with femtosecond laser
Authors: Xu Tianxiang , Chen Feng , Krolikowski Wieslaw , Arie Ady , Sheng Yan
Published: November 2024

We demonstrated experimentally direct femtosecond writing of ferroelectric domains in lithium niobate on insulator. The fabricated ferroelectric domain structures were characterized using Cherenkov second harmonic microscopy and piezoresponse force microscopy. We also experimentally explored the far-field second harmonic generation from the laser-induced ferroelectric domain structures. This study opens the door for direct laser writing of lithium niobate-based integrated photonic circuits, which typically require on-chip frequency conversion and wavefront control.