bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Digital COVID-19 Exposure Notifications at a Large Gathering: Survey Analysis of Public Health Conference Attendees
Authors: Drover Caitlin M , Elder Adam S , Guthrie Brandon L , Revere Debra , Briggs Nicole L , West Laura M , Higgins Amanda , Lober William B , Karras Bryant T , Baseman Janet G
Published: January 2024

Background

WA Notify was Washington State’s smartphone-based COVID-19 digital exposure notification (EN) tool, which was used to help limit the spread of COVID-19 between November 30, 2020, and May 11, 2023. Following the 2022 Washington State Public Health Association Annual Conference, attendees who had WA Notify activated began receiving ENs alerting them to a possible COVID-19 exposure during the conference. A survey was emailed to all conference attendees to measure WA Notify adoption, mechanisms through which attendees received ENs, and self-reported engagement in protective behaviors postexposure.

Objective

This study aimed to learn more about the experiences of WA Notify adopters and nonadopters who may have been exposed to COVID-19 at a large group gathering.

Methods

A web-based survey administered through REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture; Vanderbilt University) was sent to all attendees of the Washington State Public Health Association conference. Self-reported demographic information and characteristics of respondents were summarized. Regression models were used to estimate relative risks to compare WA Notify adoption and testing behaviors between groups.

Results

Of the 464 total registered attendees who were sent the survey, 205 (44%) responses were received; 201 eligible attendees were included in this analysis. Of those, 149 (74%) respondents reported having WA Notify activated on their phones at the time of the conference. Among respondents with WA Notify activated, 54% (n=77) reported learning of their potential exposure from a WA Notify EN. Respondents who reported that they did not have WA Notify activated and learned of their potential exposure via the event-wide email from conference organizers were 39% less likely to test for COVID-19 compared to respondents with WA Notify activated who learned of their potential exposure from the email (relative risk 0.61, 95% CI 0.40-0.93; P=.02), and this gap was even larger when compared to respondents who learned of their exposure from a WA Notify EN. The most commonly cited reason for not having WA Notify activated was privacy concerns (n=17, 35%), followed by not wanting to receive ENs (n=6, 12%) and being unaware of WA Notify (n=5, 10%).

Conclusions

Digital EN systems are an important tool to directly and anonymously notify close contacts of potential exposures and provide guidance on the next steps in a timely manner. Given the privacy concerns, there is still a need for increasing transparency surrounding EN technology to increase uptake by the public if this technology were to be used in the future to slow the spread of communicable diseases.
Addressing Cyberscams and Acquired Brain Injury (“I Desperately Need to Know What to Do”): Qualitative Exploration of Clinicians’ and Service Providers’ Perspectives
Authors: Chew Kimberly Ann , Ponsford Jennie , Gould Kate Rachel
Published: January 2024

Background

People with acquired brain injury (ABI) may be more susceptible to scams owing to postinjury cognitive and psychosocial consequences. Cyberscams result in financial loss and debilitating psychological impacts such as shame and mistrust, interference with neurorehabilitation, and reduced independence. Despite these significant consequences, there are no psychological treatments to support cyberscam survivors. There is limited evidence regarding how the current workforce is addressing post-ABI cyberscams.

Objective

This study aims to understand the perspectives and needs of clinicians and service providers in addressing post-ABI cyberscams.

Methods

Overall, 20 multidisciplinary clinicians and service providers were recruited through purposive sampling across Australia. Semistructured interviews explored post-ABI scam experiences and vulnerabilities, treatments and their efficacy, and recommendations for future cybersafety recovery interventions. Reflexive thematic analysis was used.

Results

In total, 8 themes encompassing a biopsychosocial understanding of scam vulnerabilities and impacts were identified: “genuine lack of awareness: cognitive-executive difficulties”; “not coping with the loss of it all”; “needing trust and connection”; “strong reactions of trusted others”; “nothing structured to do”; “financial stress and independence”; “cyberability”; and “scammer persuasion.” Each theme informed clinical recommendations including the need to provide psychological and cognitive support, enhance financial and cybersafety skills, promote meaningful social engagement, and foster collaboration between families and clinical support teams.

Conclusions

The multifaceted range of scam vulnerabilities and impacts highlighted the need for individualized, comprehensive, and targeted treatments using a biopsychosocial approach to enable cyberscam recovery among people with ABI. These findings will guide the development of a co-designed intervention.
The Impact of the Ecosystem on Health Literacy Among Rural Communities in Protected Areas: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Abd Kadir Nor Aziah , Azzeri Amirah , Jaafar Hafiz , Mohd Noor Mohd Iqbal , Kefeli Zurina
Published: January 2024

Background

Protected areas are crucial for the maintenance of human health and well-being. They aim to preserve biodiversity and natural resources to secure various ecosystem services that are beneficial to human health. Their ecological characteristics can influence local health literacy. Typically, communities surrounding protected areas have limited economic opportunities due to restriction policies to protect the ecosystem, resulting in socioeconomic disparities. The local community faces obstacles in gaining access to health care facilities and health information due to these limitations. It is difficult for them to locate, comprehend, and apply information and services to make better health-related decisions for themselves and others.

Objective

This study protocol examines the impact of the ecosystem on health literacy among rural communities in protected areas.

Methods

This study comprises 5 phases. In phase 1, we conduct a systematic review to identify the issue of health literacy in protected areas. In phase 2, we will collect data from stakeholders in a protected area of Pahang National Park and analyze the results using Net-Map analysis. In phase 3, we will conduct a survey among the adult community in Pahang National Park related to health literacy, socioeconomic status, health expenditure, and quality of life. In phase 4, informed by the results of the survey, we will determine suitable intervention programs to improve health literacy through a focus group discussion. Finally, in phase 5, we will conduct a costing analysis to analyze which intervention program is the most cost-effective.

Results

This study was funded by Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) and strategic research partnership grants, and enrollment is ongoing. The first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2024.

Conclusions

This is one of the first studies to explore health literacy among rural communities in protected areas and will provide the first insights into the overall level of health literacy in the protected community, potential determinants, and a suitable intervention program with expected cost analysis. The results can be used to promote health literacy in other protected areas and populations.

Trial Registration

International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Registry ISRCTN40626062; http://tinyurl.com/4kjxuwk5

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/51851
Transformer-Based Tool for Automated Fact-Checking of Online Health Information: Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bayani Azadeh , Ayotte Alexandre , Nikiema Jean Noel
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Many people seek health-related information online. The significance of reliable information became particularly evident due to the potential dangers of misinformation. Therefore, discerning true and reliable information from false information has become increasingly challenging.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to present a pilot study in which we introduced a novel approach to automate the fact-checking process, leveraging PubMed resources as a source of truth using natural language processing transformer models to enhance the process.

METHODS

A total of 538 health-related web pages, covering 7 different disease subjects, were manually selected by Factually Health Company. The process included the following steps: (1) using transformer models of bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), BioBERT, and SciBERT, and traditional models of random forests and support vector machines, to classify the contents of web pages into 3 thematic categories (semiology, epidemiology, and management), (2) for each category in the web pages, a PubMed query was automatically produced using a combination of the “WellcomeBertMesh” and “KeyBERT” models, (3) top 20 related literatures were automatically extracted from PubMed, and finally, (4) the similarity checking techniques of cosine similarity and Jaccard distance were applied to compare the content of extracted literature and web pages.

RESULTS

The BERT model for the categorization of web page contents had good performance, with F1-scores and recall of 93% and 94% for semiology and epidemiology, respectively, and 96% for both the recall and F1-score for management. For each of the 3 categories in a web page, 1 PubMed query was generated and with each query, the 20 most related, open access articles within the category of systematic reviews and meta-analyses were extracted. Less than 10% of the extracted literature was irrelevant; those were deleted. For each web page, an average of 23% of the sentences were found to be very similar to the literature. Moreover, during the evaluation, it was found that cosine similarity outperformed the Jaccard distance measure when comparing the similarity between sentences from web pages and academic papers vectorized by BERT. However, there was a significant issue with false positives in the retrieved sentences when compared with accurate similarities, as some sentences had a similarity score exceeding 80%, but they could not be considered similar sentences.

CONCLUSIONS

In this pilot study, we have proposed an approach to automate the fact-checking of health-related online information. Incorporating content from PubMed or other scientific article databases as trustworthy resources can automate the discovery of similarly credible information in the health domain.
" Meditation: Quite the mind and the soul will speak" (Preprint)
Authors: Abraham Jessy
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Meditation is often defined as thinking continuously about one object of thought. We often get stuck on this definition, however, and lose the real purpose of meditation. Meditation must reveal the true nature of that object upon which we are meditating. Such revelation comes not as a thought, but as a feeling. Therefore, meditation is a process in which we shift from thinking to feeling. It is a journey from the complexity of mind to the simplicity of heart. It is for this reason that most methods of meditation involve the heart1

OBJECTIVE

To project the importance of Meditation

METHODS

structured

RESULTS

very good

CONCLUSIONS

Even though meditation is an old practice, people all over the world still use it to achieve inner peace and tranquility. Although meditation has connections to many different religious traditions, its main goals are awareness, peace, and consciousness alteration rather than faith. With our hectic schedules and demanding lives, there is a growing need these days to reduce stress, which is why meditation is becoming more and more popular. Finding a meditation practice that suits your needs and personality is crucial, even though there isn't a right or wrong way to meditate
Калмыцкая степь Астраханской губернии в первой половине XIX в.: этапы и основные модели административной системы управления
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Gunaev Evgeniy A.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article deals with some key stages and patterns of administrative governance sequentially adopted for Kalmyk Steppe of Astrakhan Governorate in the early-to-mid nineteenth century. This very period was witnessing the integration and incorporation of Kalmyk Steppe into Russia’s administrative system, though some ethnos-specific governance elements would still be retained. The related historiography contains no explicit data as to certain governance stages (and patterns) characterized by corresponding qualitative changes. Results. The paper examines the publication titled ‘Ministry of State Property over the Fifty Years, 1837–1887: A Historical Review’ (Pt. 2: Protectorship. Land Affairs) for provisions pertaining to the governance system in Kalmyk Steppe. According to the document, efforts of the Russian Government across Kalmyk Steppe in the early-to-mid nineteenth century were primarily aimed at: 1) interacting with ethnic elites, endowing the latter with certain rights and privileges, involving them into the imperial power hierarchy at regional and local levels; 2) introducing (step by step) imperial legislative and court practices (common-law norms remain in force at lower levels for civil circulation); 3) laying foundations of imperial financial and tax policies (given that local elites would retain their original privileges). Conclusions. Our insights into opinions and viewpoints of contemporary researchers have identified a number of distinct features inherent to the shaping and functioning of the administrative governance system in early-to-mid nineteenth century Kalmyk Steppe. So, the early nineteenth century namestnichestvo was essentially rather that of the late eighteenth century. At the same time, pristavstvo should be viewed only as a milestone towards popechitelstvo. In general, the three can still be considered as individual governance patterns — with differing governance objects. However, the basis was compiled from supervision and wardship, and preservation of some ethnic governance traditions.
«Его добросовестный труд должен почитаться драгоценным подарком для восточной филологии»: о «Грамматике монгольско-калмыцкого языка» А. А. Бобровникова
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Bayanova Aleksandra T.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article discusses the contribution of Aleksey A. Bobrovnikov, a scholar, teacher, and pioneer of Mongolian studies in Russia. He authored the Grammar of Kalmyk Mongolian which holds a special place in the variety of nineteenth-century textbooks, and still remains a classic in Mongolian linguistics. Goals. The study attempts an insight into how A. Bobrovnikov created his manual for theological institutions of the Russian Empire. Materials. The work focuses on documents contained in Collection 10 (‘Kazan Theological Academy’) of the National Archive of Tatarstan. Results. Our archival investigations have discovered a number of documents dealing with A. Bobrovnikov’s travel to Kalmyk Steppe (Astrakhan Governorate) when he was welcomed and stayed in estates owned by the Tundutovs and the Tyumens. His accounts of everyday life, traditions and customs, language patterns recorded from Dorbets and Khoshuts are of utmost interest to ethnographers and philologists. The manual’s publication was preceded by meticulous research efforts of the academic Mongolist. Kazan Theological Academy was educating Christian missionaries and facilitated a lot the study of not only customs and traditions but also languages of Mongolic, Turkic, and Finno-Ugric peoples, which would shape the foundations of academic Mongolian and Oriental studies in Russia. So, the missionaries’ contributions — including that of A. Bobrovnikov — are enormous and even invaluable, since (unlike professional Orientalists) the former would deal with living colloquial languages.
О печатях калмыцкого хана Дондук-Омбо
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Mitruev Bembya L.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Kalmyk sigillographic sources are of utmost importance for the historical research of the Kalmyk Khanate. And when it comes to seals of Kalmyk elites, special attention should be paid to those of Kalmyk Khans. Goals. The article introduces data on two seals of Kalmyk Khan Donduk-Ombo, examines the legends, and hypothesizes as to their origins. Materials and methods. Impressions of the two seals have been discovered in letters housed at the National Archive of Kalmykia. The study employs the comparative historical method and that of literary research. Results. The legend on the first seal imitates Chinese hieroglyphs, while the second one imitates Phagspa letters. Conclusions. The paper suggests the seals of Khan Donduk-Ombo are of Tibetan and Kalmyk origin. The examined documents attest to the first seal was used between 1723 and 1732, and the latter one was first made use of in 1734. The replacement of the earlier seal with another one may indicate the latter was distinguished by higher status characteristics.
Ойратский текст дхарани-сутры Ганапати
Authors:   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University (11, Pushkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Bicheev Baazr A. , Guruuchin Gerelmaa ,   Institute of Language and Literature, Mongolian Academy of Sciences (54A, Zhukov Ave., 13330 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia)
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The tradition of worshiping Ganapati in Buddhism, including in religious traditions of Mongols, is an interesting — though understudied — issue. In Hinduism, this ancient deity was believed an evil demon (Vinayaka) inclined to create obstacles. Subsequently, when included in the Buddhist pantheon, its tantric forms became widespread enough in Tibet and Mongolia. In Buddhist teachings, Ganapati is seen as an emanation of Avalokiteshvara, and in some of its forms is associated with Chakrasamvara and Tara, hence having little in common with the Hindu Ganesha, the son of Parvati and Shiva, the Lord of the Ganas. The cult of Ganapati in Buddhist countries shows how the ancient deity of Hinduism had lost its original essence — to become an organic part of the Buddhist tantric tradition. Goals. The paper aims to introduce Oirat texts of the Ganapati Dharani Sutra. Materials and methods. Collections of Mongolian manuscripts in Russia and other countries contain a total of seven dharani sutras in the Oirat Clear Script. The study focuses on a Kalmyk manuscript from the Saxon State and University Library Dresden (Mongolian Collection) and a manuscript from the Mongolian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Language and Literature, Oirat Collection). The work employs textual research methods and tools of comparative historical analysis. Results. Some manuscripts in the Clear Script are literary works of minimal size that include two parts — Dharani Sutra of Lord Ganapati (Oir. Xutuqtu čuulγani ezen kemēküyin toqtōl) and Collected Dharanis of the Five Chapters of Pancharaksha (Oir. Pañcaragšyin tabun bölögiyin xurangyui). The combination of the two texts in a single work makes it possible to assume the worshipping practice of Ganapati be somewhat tied to that of the five Pancharaksha protector goddesses. In Buddhism, the Ganapati Dharani Sutra is recited for various purposes, such as welfare, virtuous reincarnation, new knowledge, and spiritual progress. Conclusions. Texts of the Ganapati Dharani Sutra and various iconographic images (forms) are integral to tantric practices believed instrumental in acquiring, cognizing and organizing new knowledge, thus forming milestone spiritual experiences on the path towards the ultimate goal of Buddhists.
«Секретные» болезни у монгольских народов в начале XX в.: традиционные представления и методы лечения
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Miyagasheva Surzhana B.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article examines some traditional ideas of venereal diseases traced in Mongolic cultures, reasons once believed to lie behind them, and treatment methods prescribed by folk and Tibetan medicine. Goals. The study attempts an analysis of medicinal knowledge and experiences used by Buryats and Mongolians to cure venereal diseases in the early twentieth century. Materials and methods. The work employs the comparative method and that of historical-comparative analysis. It focuses on archival collections of S. Baldaev, I. Manzhigeev, works of M. Khangalov and Ts. Jamtsarano for insights into shamanistic views and ideas pertaining to venereal diseases. The corpus of examined works on Tibetan medicine has been compiled from traditional Tibetan and Buryat-Mongolian guides to medicinal drugs and herbs — zhors. Results. The paper shows that despite mythological interpretations of venereal diseases as such did prevail, the Mongolic peoples were distinguished by a completely rational understanding of syndromes and course patterns characteristic of certain venereal diseases.
«Улан-Баторский диалог» как особая инициатива Монголии в обеспечении безопасности в Северо-Восточной Азии
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Grigoreva Julia G.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing role of North-East Asia as one of the world and political centers, as well as the growth of various challenges and threats in the region, affecting safe and stable development of the world community as a whole. The study of the problem of regional security in Northeast Asia and the participation of Mongolia in its ensuring is important for the formation of theoretical and practical conclusions and assessments regarding its international status. Since the 1980s Mongolia has been consistently pursuing the policy of creating a mechanism for dialogue in Northeastern Asia. The result of these efforts was the Ulaanbaatar Northeast Asia Security Dialogue initiative. Mongolia's active foreign policy and the will to fully participate in regional cooperation in Northeastern Asia and in as many international and multilateral organizations as possible is one of the hallmarks of the phenomenon of modern Mongolia. The purpose of the study is to review the “Ulaanbaatar Dialogue on Security in Northeast Asia” and analyze its role in creating conditions for the interaction of all stakeholders in the interests of maintaining peace in Northeastern Asia. Results. This study presents a brief history of the formation and development of the Ulaanbaatar Dialogue, identifies advantages over similar discussion platforms in the region, and shows the importance of this event in increasing the international status of Mongolia. It is concluded that in the nearest future Mongolia may become an analogue of Asian Switzerland, the main platform for negotiations between countries in Northeast Asia due to the fact that Ulaanbaatar pursues an open, multifaceted foreign policy, and the adherence of this country to the “third neighbor” doctrine makes Mongolia a neutral state that does not participate in military-political blocks.
О состоянии грамотности в Калмыцком ханстве в XVIII в.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Batmaev Maksim M.
Published: January 2024

It would not be an exaggeration to say that there is still an opinion, at least among the masses, that in pre-revolutionary times literacy was poorly developed among the Kalmyks. It was believed that representatives of the clergy and noble classes ― Noyons and Zaisangs — were literate. The clergy accounted for the largest percentage of literates, which was due to their type of activity. Nevertheless, there was an opinion that even among them the bulk was mired in drunkenness and deception of the ignorant masses of the people. The purpose of the proposed work is, as far as possible, to answer some of the above questions, although the study and coverage of the content of the problem as a whole is not a matter of one article. Materials and methods. To solve these problems, archival material, which is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, is mainly involved. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to approach the resolution of certain emerging problems, abandoning the recent habit of approaching the analysis of a diverse historical panorama with a single pre-regulating theoretical attitude. Descriptive, historical-comparative, historical-genetic and analytical methods were used in the study. Results. In Kalmyk society, representatives of the Noyono-Zaisang environment were primarily literate. The Noyons were almost all literate, including their wives. The Zaisangs had a fairly high literacy rate; there were also women among the literate, but their number was small. There are no specific data on commoners, but it can be assumed that the number of literate among them was small. In the XVIII century. literacy education in general in the Kalmyk Khanate went in two directions. Russian Russian was taught to the representatives of the Kalmyks, and the Russians — Kalmyk. This training was initiated by the Russian government (translators, interpreters, etc. were needed) and spontaneously, in the process of everyday communication between representatives of neighboring peoples.
Влияние политики раскулачивания на миграции населения в Калмыцкой автономной области. 1929–1934 гг.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Belousov Sergey S.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. In 1929–1934, in the Kalmyk Autonomous Region, as part of the policy of dispossession in the country, measures were taken to liquidate farms and relocate to new places the most financially well-off part of the rural population of the Kalmyk Autonomous Region. Mass population movements have had a noticeable impact on the social, demographic and ethnic structure of the autonomous region. This aspect of the collectivization policy initiated by the leadership of the USSR in relation to Kalmykia has not been studied specifically. The purpose of the study is to highlight the migration policy of the state during the period of mass dispossession in the Kalmyk Autonomous Region in 1929–1934. The source database includes materials from the funds of state and party authorities of the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia. Results. The article examines the external and internal migrations in the region caused by the policy of dispossession. The resettlement of Kulaks was planned, the conditions of transportation of kulak families, as well as their adaptation to new places, were difficult. The main contingent of dispossessed and exiled, due to the peculiarities of the economic development of the region, were not farmers, but cattle breeders and fishermen. The state did not use their professional skills, employing the repressed in an industrial sphere unfamiliar to them. For the sparsely populated and economically underdeveloped Kalmykia, the dispossession and expulsion of the most enterprising and economic part of the peasantry had negative consequences. It should also be noted that Kalmykia is located in natural conditions that are generally unfavorable for human habitation. The evicted people were old-timers who were adapted to living in difficult local natural conditions, adapted to traditional economic activities. At the same time, the Kalmyk Autonomous Region was the host country. There were many remote and sparsely populated places on its territory, so it attracted runaway kulaks. In its settlements and just in the steppe, they hoped to wait out the persecution and return to their homeland or gain a foothold in a new place of residence. The actions of the authorities to evict the Kulaks increased the migration of the population in the Kalmyk Autonomous Region. On the one hand, it led to a forced mass outflow of the population, on the other to the illegal resettlement of a significant number of people who fled from the dispossession of people.
Военнослужащие Красной армии из Калмыкии, захороненные на Мамаевом кургане: историко-статистическое исследование
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Ershov Sergey G.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the servicemen of the Red Army ― residents of the Kalmyk ASSR, buried at the Mamaev Kurgan ― a key point of the defense of Stalingrad during the Great Patriotic War, as well as to the historical and statistical study of their collective portrait. Materials and methods. When writing the article a complex of various general scientific and special methods was used, including historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-typological, historical-systemic, as well as statistical method. The materials for the work were the logs of combat operations of units in the defense of Stalingrad, reports on irrecoverable losses of personnel, materials of the Books of Memory of the Volgograd region and the Republic of Kalmykia, lists of the dead, inscribed on the mosaic banners in the Hall of Military Glory on the Mamaev Kurgan, lists of burials on the Mamaev Kurgan. Results. In the course of the research on the basis of various sources the database of the Red Army servicemen - residents of Kalmyk ASSR, buried on the Mamaev Kurgan was compiled. Following this, their collective portrait was analyzed by such categories as place and time of birth, place of conscription, time and place of death. Conclusions. The analysis shows that natives of Kalmykia actively participated in the defense of Stalingrad. At the same time, the majority of the deceased belonged to young people born in 1924 and younger. It is obvious that most of the studied personalities were mobilized in 1942 and, even without completing their training, were thrown to the defense of Stalingrad. At the same time, most of the losses occurred in September-October 1942 – the period of the most intense battles for Stalingrad. At the same time, the analysis of information about other defenders of Stalingrad, not included in the list of those buried at Mamaev Kurgan, allows us to assert that they were also buried at this memorial, but without specifying their names.
Калмыки-спецпереселенцы в Аральском районе Казахстана в документах и воспоминаниях очевидцев
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Bakaeva Elza P. , Makatova Zhansaule A. ,   Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (87b, Dostyk ave., 050010 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan)
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the history of the Kalmyks who were in exile (1943–1957) on the territory of the Aral region in Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to highlight individual materials from documents about Kalmyk special settlers and to introduce into scientific circulation the information about oral stories of deported Kalmyks who were exiled to the Aral region of Kyzylordinskaya oblast of the Kazakh SSR. Results. The deportation of a part of the Kalmyk people to the Aral region of Kyzylordinskaya oblast of the Kazakh SSR was initially not planned. However, the decision to evict the Kalmyks to this region was made immediately after the adoption of the documents on the deportation of the Kalmyk people, and on January 2, 1944, the district committee of the CPSU (b) and the district council were already considering the resettlement of Kalmyks sent to the Aral region. The destination of the SK-406 train was the Aral Sea railway station. The deportation of part of the Kalmyks, residents of the sea-side Lagan ulus, to the Aral region was due to the aim of the authorities to use the deportees in the fishing industry, which suffered significant damage during the period of hostilities in the European part of the territory of the USSR and thus which faced huge tasks to ensure the front and rear. The deported to the Aral region Kalmyks experienced the same restrictions in rights and deprivation as those Kalmyks who found themselves in the regions of Siberia. At the same time, the relatively compact settlement of the large group and the milder climate, compared to the Siberian one, were favorable factors. The Kalmyks left a mark in the memory of the local population of the Aral region of Kazakhstan. The chief doctors of the hospitals E. N. Lidzhiev, previously the People's Commissar of Health of the Kalmyk ASSR, and V. B. Mukharaev, who also became famous for his participation in the film “Daughter of the Steppes” (1954), gained special fame among the population here. The respect for Kalmyks is also manifested in the memory of famous figures who showed themselves after returning to their homeland, but who spent their youth in the Aral region: the memory of them is alive among the Kazakh population.
Исследование потребительских предпочтений в отношении традиционных продуктов питания (на примере туристов Байкальского региона)
Authors:   East Siberian State University of Technology and Management (40b, buil. 1, Klyuchevskaya St., 670013 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Nikiforova Anna P. , Nikiforova Olga P. ,   Ministry of Health of the Republic of Buryatia (47, Kommunisticheskaya St., 670000 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation)
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the consumption of traditional food products by tourists of the Baikal region. The study of the food traditions of different countries and regions of the world is an actual scientific topic. The field of gastronomic tourism has been actively developing in the recent years. The Baikal region is a unique region of Russia. The development of tourism in this region is possible through gastronomic tourism. It is known that traditional dishes play an important role in increasing the popularity of tourist destinations. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to study the consumer preferences for traditional food products (on the example of tourists from the Baikal region). Methods of research. For assessment of the satisfaction and consumer preferences of tourists in the Baikal region in relation to traditional food products, a questionnaire was developed (in Russian and English languages). During the study, 43 respondents were interviewed ― tourists of the Baikal region, permanently residing in other regions of Russia or foreign countries. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using standard methods of mathematical statistics. Results and its discussion. It has been found that buuzy, shulen, traditional green tea (nogoon sai), buchler are the most popular foods for the tourists of the Baikal region. The majority of respondents are satisfied with the quality of these products. At the same time, the study has shown that there is a list of traditional food products that the respondents haven’t tried during their stay in the Baikal region. For example, products from Baikal omul and products from wild-growing plants were tried only 79 % and 86 % of respondents respectively. Despite of this fact, the most of the surveyed tourists would like to purchase a fermented product from the Baikal omul. The most important consumer indicators of the quality of fermented Baikal omul are pleasant taste, reasonable price, pronounced aroma and health benefits. Conclusions. The majority of the respondents were satisfied with the quality of traditional food products of the Baikal region. Products from Baikal omul and fermented omul, in particular, were tasted only by a small percentage of respondents. It can be related to the fact that the commercial fishery was prohibited when the survey was conducted. Successful development of the Baikal fermented omul brand requires marketing support.
О джатаках с героем-отшельником (на материале рассказов из сборника «Гирлянда джатак»)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Maksimova Olga A.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The tradition of hermitage dates back to the shramanas — wandering monks of Ancient India. The main example of a hermit who left worldly life in the palace and became a wandering ascetic in Buddhism is the image of Buddha Shakyamuni. The article examines eight examples of jātakas from the collection “Jātakamālā” (Tib. skyes pa’i rabs kyi rgyud ‘Garland of Jatakas’) by Arya Sura (IV century), associated with the image of a hermit. In these stories, hermitage is associated with asceticism, virtue, and active spiritual practice. A number of Jātakas from the Pali corpus are devoted to the description of the virtue of the Sramanas and ascetics; references to the hermit are found in stories from the Panchatantra collection and in other collections. The goals of the study is a textual and literary analysis of the image of the hermit presented in eight stories from the Jātakamālā; consideration of the presented types of solitude, its meaning and significance in the construction of stories. Results. In the considered Jātakas there was a description of physical, status, psychological, Mahayana types of solitude. An analysis of the image of a hermit from eight stories showed that the desire for physical solitude is part of spiritual practice and corresponds to the image of a bodhisattva in the Mahayana tradition. The author reduces the actions of the hermit hero to following the basic instructions presented in the opening and closing phrases of each Jātaka. Keywords: tibetology, source studies, stories about previous lives of Buddha, Jātakamālā, Ārya Śūra, image of ascetic
Образ Ильи Муромца в сравнительно-историческом и историко-функциональном аспектах
Authors:   Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute (417 A, Lenin St., 355029 Stavropol, Russian Federation), Fokin Aleksandr A. , Semenova Zalina M.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Bylina is an ancient Russian epic song about the life and heroic deeds of Russian heroes, as well as about events or remarkable episodes in the national history of the 11th–16th centuries. Cycles of epics about Ilya Muromets are formed on the basis of ancient legends, united by the origin and character of the main character. It is not the name of the hero, but artistic plots inherited from the distant past that form the basis on which the historical epic develops. The purpose of the article is to identify the conditions for the formation and transformation of epic stories about Ilya Muromets. Material and methods. Classic works of Russian literary criticism and folkloristics, individual plots of the Russian epic and the epic of neighboring peoples are analyzed. Comparative-historical and historical-functional research methods were used. Results. The scientific work examines the history of the development of the image of the Russian hero Ilya Muromets as a gradual “democratization” of the hero of the ancient Russian epic. A wide range of works of Russian, Belarusian, Serbian, Adyghe, Georgian, Ossetian folklore is analyzed. The points of view of folklorists of the 19th–20th centuries on the history, existence, methods and means of broadcasting the poetic biography of Ilya Muromets are presented and interpreted.; their scientific methods and approaches. Epic plots are traced, united by the name of Ilya and having not only an “external” but also a deep internal connection, determined by folk ideas about the hero, his entire appearance, growing on the basis of the entire set of artistic plots. The Conclusion is drawn about the “reworking” in Russian epics of the motifs of magical-heroic fairy tales, the heroic epic of the peoples of the North Caucasus, Transcaucasia and other ethnic groups.
Особенности социально-профессиональных ориентаций выпускников городских и сельских школ Южной Сибири
Authors:   Tuvinian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources of SB RAS (117а, Internacional’naya St., 667000 Kyzyl, Russia), Oidup Tana M.
Published: January 2024

The article examines the features of socio-professional orientations of urban and rural school graduates in the republics of Southern Siberia: Altai, Tuva and Khakassia. Socio-professional orientations are formed among all graduates, while it is the type of settlement that affects the development of professional preferences, the future place of residence as well as the level of educational institutions that students choose.The analysis was carried out based on the data as a result of the sociological survey of urban and rural schools’ graduates. 2,522 students of the 9th and 11th grades of the republican secondary schools have been interviewed.As a result, we were able to identify similar and distinctive features of the socio-professional orientations of urban and rural schoolchildren in the context of the republics, as well as to form a forward-looking view of the prospects for the formation of human capital in the regions. While maintaining the prevailing trends in the development of rural areas characterized by low quality and standard of living, the outflow of the most promising young personnel will continue, the trend of degradation of the human potential of rural areas, as well as republican ones in general, will increase. More than half of the graduates of both urban and rural settlements want to leave their republics, which is confirmed by the results of a sociological study. It was possible to determine the relationship between the degree of urbanization of the republics and the vocational guidance of school graduates.
Описание райской страны Сукхавати (по ойратскому переводу «Мани камбума»)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Muzraeva Deliash N.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. This publication presents a fragment from the famous work “Mani-kambum” according to the Oirat list, stored in the library of the Faculty of Oriental Studies of St. Petersburg State University (code Calm D 22). This monument, belonging to the Tibetan tradition of “terma” (“discoverers of treasures” or “rediscovered teachings”), is a collection of texts dedicated to the cult of the Bodhisattva of compassion Avalokiteshvara, which are attributed to the Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo (7th century). Materials. According to the available descriptions of this collection in the Tibetan language, it includes three large cycles: 1) the “Cycle of Sutras”, containing biographies and legendary accounts of the deeds of Avalokiteshvara and King Songtsen Gampo, 2) “Cycle of Sadhanas”, containing liturgical works describing rituals and meditative practices of the cult of Avalokiteshvara and 3) the “Cycle of Instructions”, which includes about 150 texts of a didactic nature. Results. This work provides the transliteration and Russian translation of the first two chapters from the first part of “Mani-kambum”. The 1st chapter describes the heavenly country of Sukhavati, the 2nd chapter tells how Avalokiteshvara was miraculously reborn from a lotus in the guise of a young man in the country of Sukhavati.
Документы секретного делопроизводства Совета Астраханского калмыцкого управления (1836–1848 гг.)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Mandzhikova Larisa B.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. In the course of the activities of the Council of the Astrakhan Kalmyk Administration, which carried out the administrative management of Kalmykia in the period from 1836 to 1848, the documents were created for general office work and for secret ones as well. In the archival fund I-3 “Council of the Astrakhan Kalmyk Administration” of the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia, three files containing “secret cases” have been preserved; their study will make it possible to analyze and determine the nature of the issues considered in secret records management. The purpose of the article is to study archival documents classified as “secret” related to fund I-3 “Council of the Astrakhan Kalmyk Administration”, to explore the peculiarities of conducting secret office work in pre-revolutionary Kalmykia as well as to introduce newly identified archival documents into scientific circulation. Results. Documents created during the activities of the Kalmyk Administration Council and containing “secret” information are unique sources for studying the issues of organizing work with documents of a secret nature in one of the outskirts of pre-revolutionary Russia.
Эмотивная суггестивность в современном китайском художественном дискурсе (на примере романа Юй Хуа «Жить», 1992)
Authors:   RUDN University (6, Miklouho-Maclay St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation), Ignatenko Alexander V.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The study examines some theoretical aspects and outlines practical approaches to the analysis of emotive density and its suggestiveness in contemporary Chinese fictional discourse. The work’s shift of attention focus to stylistic emotive attractors and points of structural tension in the text has formed a research interface, and makes it possible to identify some approaches to the analysis of emotive density in contemporary Chinese fictional discourse. Goals. The study aims to determine the functions of emotivity in the language of literary text in terms of ethnocultural specificity and semantic realization through the example of Yu Hua’s To Live (1992). Materials and methods. Theoretically, the work contains traces of integral and suggestive linguistics related to functional syntax and pragmatics, all that to yield an interdisciplinary approach. The artistic agenda of the novel acts as an isolated subjective world model and is viewed as a cognitive set of emotive attractions, the latter’s understanding and perception be determined by personal and social experiences along the axis ‘author–character–reader’. Results. Emotivity and emotional modes of Chinese fictional discourse are characterized by spatial connectivity between structural tension elements, the function of plot-building, individual features inherent to the speakers’ speech portraits, and actual speech effects on the recipient. Becoming a central element of text, emotivity acts as a meta-entity. The systemic stylistic relations of the multi-level linguistic units of the literary text and discourse tend to reflect the general correlation potentials between the functional/semantic fields of emotivity, expressiveness and modality.