bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Triphala, a New Herbal Mouthwash for the Treatment of Gingivitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Pradeep A.R. , Suke Deepak Kumar , Martande Santosh S. , Singh Sonender Pal , Nagpal Kanika , Naik Savitha B.
Published: July 2016

Background: An antiplaque agent with minimal side effects that can be used as an effective adjunct to mechanical plaque control is needed. The current study is designed to evaluate efficacy of triphala (TRP) mouthwash in reduction of plaque and gingivitis.

Methods: Ninety individuals with chronic generalized gingivitis were randomly assigned to three groups: 1) group I, placebo mouthwash; 2) group II, TRP mouthwash; and 3) group III, chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash. All individuals were instructed to rinse with their respective mouthwash twice daily. 1) Plaque index (PI); 2) gingival index (GI); 3) oral hygiene index‐simplified (OHI‐S); and 4) microbiologic colony counts were recorded at baseline and at 7, 30, and 60 days.

Results: All three groups showed gradual reduction in PI, GI, and OHI‐S levels from baseline to 7, 30, and 60 days. There was also significant reduction in microbial counts in all groups at all time intervals except in group I. A significant difference was noticed with respect to reduction in PI, GI, OHI‐S, and microbiologic counts in group I compared with groups II and III. However, no significant differences were found between groups II and III for any parameters at any time intervals.

Conclusions: TRP mouthwash was found to decrease inflammatory parameters from baseline to follow‐up intervals. Because improvement in gingivitis was comparable with that of CHX mouthwash, TRP mouthwash can be considered a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of gingivitis.
Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of agricultural greenhouse microclimate by the application of artificial intelligence and / or fuzzy logic
Authors: Faouzi Didi , Bibi-Triki Nacereddine
Published: July 2016

Agricultural greenhouse is largely answered in the agricultural sphere, despite the shortcomings it has, including overheating during the day and night cooling which sometimes results in the thermal inversion mainly due to its low inertia. The glasshouse dressed chapel is relatively more efficient than the conventional tunnel greenhouse. Its proliferation on the ground is more or less timid because of its relatively high cost[14-22]. Agricultural greenhouse aims to create a favorable microclimate to the requirements of growth and development of culture, from the surrounding weather conditions, produce according to the cropping calendars fruits, vegetables and flower species out of season and widely available along the year. It is defined by its structural and functional architecture, the quality thermal, mechanical and optical of its wall, with its sealing level and the technical and technological accompanying[12-13]. The greenhouse is a very confined environment, where multiple components are exchanged between key stakeholders and them factors are light, temperature and relative humidity[8]. This state of thermal evolution is the level sealing of the cover of its physical characteristics to be transparent to solar, absorbent and reflective of infrared radiation emitted by the enclosure where the solar radiation trapping effect otherwise called "greenhouse effect" and its technical and technological means of air that accompany. The socio-economic analysis of populations in the world leaves appear especially the last two decades of rapid and profound transformations These changes are accompanied by changes in eating habits, mainly characterized by rising consumption spread along the year[14]. To effectively meet this demand, greenhouse-systems have evolved, particularly towards greater control of production conditions (climate, irrigation, ventilation techniques, CO2 supply, etc ...). Technological progress has allowed the development of greenhouses so that they become increasingly sophisticated and of an industrial nature (heating, air conditioning, control, computer, regulation, etc ...). New climate driving techniques have emerged, including the use of control devices from the classic to the use of artificial intelligence[10-11] such as neural networks and / or fuzzy logic, etc... As a result, the greenhouse growers prefer these new technologies while optimizing the investment in the field to effectively meet the supply and demand of these fresh products cheaply and widely available throughout the year.
El contexto cultural en la traducción de la LIJ: la adaptación Cuentos para contar de Naguib Mahfuz
Authors: ELDIN Sherine Samy Gamal
Published: July 2016

En este artículo, se defiende la importancia que tiene el contexto cultural en la traducción de la literatura infantil y juvenil (LIJ). El estudio analiza, desde un punto de vista comparativo-contrastivo, la adaptación infantojuvenil Cuentos para contar, realizada en español a partir del original árabe para adultos حكاٌات حارتنا (Hikayat haratina), del Nobel egipcio Naguib Mahfuz, pero con la mediación de una traducción anterior al español igualmente para adultos: Historias de nuestro barrio. Para la clasificación y análisis de los marcadores culturales, seguimos el método de Gisela Marcelo Wirnitzer (2007), aunque adaptándolo a las características de la obra analizada. Se hace especial hincapié en el contexto cultural del árabe y en cómo se ha trasladado a la adaptación española. El objetivo último de este trabajo es mostrar la ambigüedad que se ha producido a veces en la adaptación, destinada a lectores adolescentes españoles, por un tratamiento poco adecuado de los marcadores culturales.
Traducción de la variación lingüística: una visión diacrónica
Authors: TELLO FONS Isabel
Published: July 2016

A medida que pasa el tiempo, las traducciones van adaptándose a nuevos acontecimientos históricos, tendencias traductológicas y corrientes literarias. En este trabajo se presenta un breve estudio sobre la relación entre el paso del tiempo y la traducción de uno de los problemas clásicos de la Traductología: la traducción de la variación lingüística. A través de dos conocidas novelas de la literatura inglesa del siglo XIX, se realiza un acercamiento diacrónico a las técnicas de traducción del dialecto en literatura y a las circunstancias que puedan haber influido en estas decisiones traductoras.
La escena de la traducción poética. La voz de Kathleen Raine en español
Authors: SPOTURNO María Laura
Published: July 2016

Este artículo, que se inscribe en el ámbito de la traducción poética, tiene dos objetivos principales; por un lado, se propone señalar algunas particularidades que atañen a la traducción de poesía y, por el otro, ofrecer una aproximación a la traducción al español de la obra poética de la poeta y crítica británica Kathleen Raine (1908-2003). Más específicamente, se examinará la edición bilingüe En una desierta orilla, cuya traducción, prólogo y notas han sido responsabilidad de Rafael Martínez Nadal (1981) con el propósito de elucidar las estrategias y agenda de trabajo que orientaron la tarea de este reconocido escritor, crítico y traductor español.
Take a Walk! Innovative Programming from Winnipeg Public Library
Authors: Wurmann Kirsten
Published: July 2016

Historical walks, literary walks, and walking book clubs – learn how Winnipeg Public Library is taking it outside. Rebecca Solnit in her book Wanderlust: A History of Walking writes: “Walking shares with making and working that crucial element of engagement of the body and the mind with the world, of knowing the world through the body and the body through the world.” As libraries work hard to share knowledge with their communities and to engage patrons in new ways, this presentation addresses the practicalities of creating a program that speaks uniquely to your own neighbourhood and patrons: Learn about the walking programs offered by various Winnipeg Public Library branches; recognize the benefits of these programs and how they can relate to library programming goals and strategic plans; and identify resources that can help you develop your own walking programs. This summary is based on a poster presentation given at the annual OLA Super Conference held in Toronto, Ontario on January 27-30, 2016. Les promenades historiques, les promenades littéraires et les clubs de marche littéraires - apprenez comment la bibliothèque publique de Winnipeg profite de l’extérieur. Dans son livre Wanderlust: A History of Walking Rebecca Solnit écrit: “Se promener partage avec faire et travailler cet élément crucial d’engagement du corps et de l’esprit avec le monde, de connaître le monde à travers le corps et le corps à travers le monde.” Comme des bibliothèques travaillent fort pour partager des informations avec leurs communautés et pour engager des clients de nouvelles façons, cette présentation porte sur l’applicabilité de créer un programme adapté aux particularités de votre propre quartier et de vos clients : renseignez-vous sur les programmes de marche offerts par des filiales différentes de la bibliothèque publique de Winnipeg; Reconnaissez des avantages de ces programmes et comment ils peuvent se rapporter aux objectifs de la programmation de bibliothèques et aux plans stratégiques; et identifiez des ressources qui peuvent vous aider à développer vos propres programmes de marche. Ce résumé est basé sur une présentation d’affiches qui a eu lieu à la Super Conference d’OLA (Association des bibliothèques de l’Ontario) à Toronto, Ontario du 27 au 30 janvier 2016.
Mechanical-Damage Characterization in Proppant Packs by Use of Acoustic Measurements
Authors: Aderibigbe Aderonke A. , Valdes Clotilde Chen , Heidari Zoya , Fuss-Dezelic Tihana
Published: July 2016

The strength and conductivity of proppant packs are key parameters for assessing proppant-pack performance. Mechanical damage in the propping agents, which leads to compaction and crushing, significantly reduces the conductivity of the proppant pack. Mechanical damage of proppants is usually analyzed by use of crush tests. However, measurements from these tests remain questionable because of discrepancies in procedures and test results. Therefore, a need emerges to develop techniques for characterizing the properties and mechanical damage in proppant packs.

In this paper, we introduced a new technique that is based on interpretation of acoustic measurements from a granular effective-media model to quantify mechanical damage in propping agents. We performed uniaxial compression tests in the laboratory and measured the compressional- and shear-wave velocities in proppant packs loaded at axial stresses ranging from 10 to 110 MPa. After unloading the tests in which maximum axial stresses of 28, 55, 69, 97, and 110 MPa were applied, we conducted sieve analysis on the proppant packs. We applied an effective-medium theory modeled after the Hertz-Mindlin granular contact model to approximate the effective elastic properties. We then calibrated the model by use of the elastic properties estimated from the experimental measurements to characterize the mechanical damage of the proppant packs.

We observed that the increase in grain-to-grain contact as the axial stress increases results in compaction and crushing in the proppant pack. We showed that the compaction effects and elastic and plastic behaviors in the stress–strain profile of the proppant pack were in agreement with the analysis of fines generated at different stress levels. The combined effect of compaction and crushing resulted in a reduction of porosity and, consequently, decreased the compressional- and shear-wave velocities of the proppant pack. The Hertz-Mindlin model showed a good approximation of the effective elastic properties estimated from the acoustic-wave velocities when calibrated with the pressure-dependent grain contact and the fraction of nonslipping grains as parameters. We demonstrated that the calibrated parameters can be correlated with the mechanical damage in the proppant pack. The characterization of mechanical damage in proppant packs can improve the design of the propping agents and quantification of proppant performance. Furthermore, the laboratory procedure can be extended to the use of borehole acoustic measurements in providing a real-time in-situ assessment of proppant performance.
Workforce Involvement in Safety Programme
Authors: Bryden Robin , Gibson Willie
Published: July 2016

For decades the management literature has been advocating the merits of consulting employees, more participation and more democratic supervision in the decision making of organisations. In the last ten years, the principles of workforce involvement have been applied in a limited way to areas such as safety management in the offshore industry. The current industry safety performance has plateaued, in order to achieve a step change operators and contractors have realised they need to utilise the experience, knowledge and ideas of the workforce to bring about a culture shift in attitudes to safety. Shell Expro decided to implement the principles of workforce involvement in a comprehensive way to make a step change in safety performance. To do this three pilot studies were set up (N = 279) to involve the workforce directly in identifying their safety concerns then helping them develop and implement their own solutions. External factors created difficulties that were largely overcome, demonstrating that the process outlined in the paper, if managed correctly, can improve safety performance and raise morale in a period of cost reduction and job uncertainty. Based on what the involvement process has achieved so far, the programme or some variant has now been rolled out across all the company's locations covering N = 1892 members of the workforce.
Managing the Risk at the Interface
Authors: Thom Gordon
Published: July 2016

From the very inception of individual company health and safety management systems, there has been an awareness of the increased risk associated with work undertaken in conjunction with third parties. In by far the majority of cases, this occurs between client and contractor and, in the oil and gas industry, gives rise to the traditional operator/contractor interface, with all its attendant safety issues.

There was a tendency in the past for the operator to manage these interface issues by insisting that the contractor simply worked in accordance with the requirements of the client health and safety management system. This approach did not adequately manage the risks at the interface and completely ignored the contractors’ legal and moral responsibilities for ensuring the provision of safe systems of work for contractor personnel.

Changes in contracting strategies and a more enlightened approach to the improvement of safety performance across the whole industry has lead to an appreciation that:

the risk at the interface is not confined to operator/contractor relationships; shared activities between any parties, whether contractually linked or not, may well give rise to increased risk, which requires to be managed. where any one party's employees, assets or reputation may be at risk from another, whilst undertaking shared activities, then the respective responsibilities and arrangements for the management of these risks must be agreed and documented. the imposition of one party's health and safety management system upon the other(s) is no guarantee of effective management of risk at the interface.

In the spirit of sharing best practice, this paper presents the outcome of over a year's work by a Step Change in Safety Task Group in producing industry guidance for health and safety management systems interfacing. The paper will address:

The need for managing the risk at the interface The guiding principles to be applied The model format for SMS Interfacing Arrangements
Low Effective Surface Area Explains Slow Oxidation of Co‐Granulated Elemental Sulfur
Authors: Zhao Cuicui , Degryse Fien , Gupta Vadakattu , McLaughlin Mike J.
Published: July 2016

Core Ideas

The oxidation of co‐granulated elemental S (ES) was slower than that of powdered ES.

Bacterial abundance and community composition in the soil localized around a granular fertilizer (diammonium phosphate [DAP] + ES [10%]) differed from that in the soil with powdered DAP + ES (thoroughly mixed).

Differences in bacterial abundance and community composition could not explain the differences in the percentage of ES oxidized between co‐granulated and powdered ES.

The reduction in effective available surface area of ES particles corresponded to the slower oxidation of co‐granulated ES compared to powdered ES.

Elemental S (ES) is commonly used as a S fertilizer but must be oxidized to sulfate for plant uptake. Oxidation of ES in co‐granulated fertilizers has been shown to be slower than that of powdered ES mixed with soil. We hypothesized that the slow oxidation is due to limited access of S oxidizers to the interior of the granule. To test this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted to compare chemical properties and bacterial populations in soil in the vicinity of a granule (diammonium phosphate [DAP] + ES [10%]) and in soil mixed with powdered DAP + ES. Copy numbers of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes and of a functional gene soxB were quantified to indicate the abundance of total and S‐oxidizing bacteria, respectively, and the total bacterial community composition was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP). After 20 wk of incubation, 42% of the co‐granulated ES was oxidized compared to 95% for the powdered ES. The soil pH dropped by 1.0 and 1.7 units for the granular and powdered treatments, respectively. We observed significant changes in bacterial abundance and community composition during incubation. However, none of the alterations in chemical properties and bacterial populations could explain the adverse effects of granulation on ES oxidation. The difference in ES oxidation rate between the co‐granulated and powdered ES corresponded to the difference in surface area of the granule and of the individual ES particles, quantitatively corroborating that the available surface area exposed to S‐oxidizing microorganisms is the limiting factor for co‐granulated ES oxidation.
Surface Application of Lime–Silicate–Phosphogypsum Mixtures for Improving Tropical Soil Properties and Irrigated Common Bean Yield
Authors: Crusciol Carlos A.C. , Artigiani Angela C.C.A. , Arf Orivaldo , Carmeis Filho Antonio C.A. , Soratto Rogério P. , Nascente Adriano S. , Alvarez Rita C.F.
Published: July 2016

Core Ideas

Soil acidity limits crop production in tropical regions.

Soil amendments mixture can be a strategy to alleviate subsoil acidity.

Subsoil profile acidity reduces common bean grain yield.

The movement of surface‐applied lime to subsurface soil layers is slow, and, consequently, liming requires a long period of time to become effective. Thus, it is important to develop strategies to increase the efficiency of acidity amendments practices in order to improve the chemical properties of tropical acid soils in no‐till systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of applying mixtures of silicate, lime, and phosphogypsum to the soil surface in tropical no‐till systems on soil chemical properties and leaf nutrient concentrations, yield components, and grain yield of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A field experiment was performed during two growing seasons (2004 and 2005) in a field with Typic Acrustox soils. Among the treatments, the silicate–phosphogypsum mixture was more effective for ameliorating soil acidity at a depth of 0 to 0.20 m over a short period of time (6 mo). The application of soil amendments separately or in mixtures increased the soil pH to 0.40 m depth 18 mo after application. Combining the surface application of phosphogypsum with lime and/or silicate effectively increased the NO3−–N, SO42−–S, and Ca2+ levels at soil depths of up to 0.40 m over a relatively short period of time, resulting in a higher base saturation in the deepest layer evaluated (0.20–0.40 m). Compared with the control treatment, the mixtures of soil acidity amendments and phosphogypsum resulted in greater Ca, S, and Si concentrations in the leaves and increased the grain yield of the common bean by >22% over two growing seasons. Long‐term studies are required to establish the frequency of reapplication and the residual effects of soil amendment mixtures.
Panorama fenomenológico de la evolución del perfil potencial de componentes binarios del grupo III-V
Authors: Mendoza Álvarez Alejandro , Fernández Anaya Guillermo , Flores-Godoy José Job , Diago-Cisneros Leo
Published: July 2016

En este artículo se analiza el cambio del perfil potencial dispersor en algunos compuestos, considerando el efecto de mezcla de huecos ligeros y pesados. Esto se obtiene aplicando el Teorema de Shur´s Generalizado al problema cuadrático de autovalores obtenido a partir  del problema  que  surge  de  un   sistema  de  ecuaciones  diferenciales  N-acoplado del segundo orden, en el marco de la Aproximación de Masa Efectiva Multibanda. Consideramos energías incidentes menores, iguales y mayores que la altura de la barrera del potencial dispersor para diferentes  compuesto  binarios  semiconductores  del  grupo III-V. En la descripción del perfil del potencial, empleamos el modelo de bandas de Kohn-lutinger (4x4) y (2x2) por completitud. Las propiedades estándar como pozo cuántico o barrera potencial de los compuestos binarios considerados, resultaron en lo general garantizadas, mas no todos los materiales seleccionados mostraron la evolución esperada en su perfil potencial: algunos que constituyen pozos cuánticos (QW) en aplicaciones tecnológicas, presentaron un comportamiento de barrera potencial efectiva (B) para huecos ligeros (lh), a diferentes rangos de energía incidente E y diferentes mezclas. En este estudio, ninguno de los compuestos con comportamiento de barrera en aplicaciones tecnológicas, evolucionó a un comportamiento de QW efectivo, válido tanto para lh como hh. Sorprendentemente todos los compuestos en este estudio que constituyen barreras en aplicaciones tecnológicas, presentaron transiciones desde QW a B para lh en el rango donde el valor de la energía es mayor que la altura de la barrera Vo.
Escala de Actitudes hacia Lesbianas y Hombres Homosexuales en México 1
Authors: Moral de la Rubia José , Valle de la O Adrián
Published: July 2016

Este estudio tiene como objetivos calcular la consistencia interna de la escala de Actitudes hacia Lesbianas y Hombres Homosexuales (ATLG) y sus factores, determinar la estructura factorial y comprobar su invarianza entre hombres y mujeres. Se levantó una muestra incidental de 356 estudiantes. Los 20 ítems fueron consistentes (α = .94). Se definió un factor de actitud hacia las lesbianas (.91) y dos factores de rechazo abierto (.85) y sutil (.78) hacia los hombres homosexuales. Esta estructura de tres factores correlacionados tuvo un ajuste adecuado a los datos y resultó estable entre hombres y mujeres. Se recomienda su uso en México.
Análisis de EEA en la corrosión de cobre utilizado en la industria electrónica de ambientes áridos y marinos
Authors: López-Badilla Gustavo , Tiznado-Vázquez Hugo , Soto-Herrera Gerardo
Published: July 2016

El proceso de oxidación (PO) que ocurre en superficies de cobre (Cu), de conexiones y conectores eléctricos de equipos electrónicos, instalados en la industria electrónica del noroeste de México, es un factor importante para determinar la velocidad de corrosión (VC) de este metal. La VCobtenida de la instalación de probetas metálicas de cobre en empresas, una en Ensenada (ambiente marino) que manufactura videojuegos, y una en Mexicali (zona árida), que fabrica computadoras personales; indicaron el grado de deterioro del Cu. La VC en cada ciudad fue determinada por el método gravimétrico, y se incrementaba o mantenía conforme al tipo de películas delgadas formadas en los metales: películas porosas y no porosas. Se realizó una correlación de la VC con datos de sulfatos (SOX) y cloruros (Cl-), obtenidos con la técnica de platos de sulfatación (TPS) y el método de la vela  húmeda  (MVH). Los análisis de VC en ambas ciudades, mostro una representación casi lineal en Mexicali, indicando la VC aumentando rápidamente y en Ensenada una curva parabólica, con un incremento lento. Se caracterizaron productos de corrosión por microscopía electrónica de barrido (MBE) y las películas de Cu formados con la técnica de espectroscopía de electrones Auger (EEA), representando los agentes contaminantes que reaccionaron con la superficie de cobre en cada ciudad. Los perfiles de análisis de profundidad, muestran incrementos y decrementos de carbono, oxígeno, sulfatos, cloruros y cobre, respecto a un periodo de tiempo, indicando el grosor de cada película formada en la superficie de Cu, para el PO en las dos ciudades. El valor máximo de la VC en Ensenada fue 188 mg/m2.año, y en Mexicali de 299 mg/m2.año.
Cálculo de la incertidumbre estándar mediante la técnica de Monte Carlo para la medición de la topografía y del campo de desplazamiento mediante ESPI
Authors: Parra-Michel Jorge Ramón , Martínez García Amalia
Published: July 2016

La ventaja del uso de las técnicas interferométricas basados en el patrón de moteado ESPI (electronic speckle pattern interferometry) es única ya que se pueden hacer mediciones muy precisas de los campos de desplazamientos que ocurren en la superficie de algún elemento mecánico cuando se deforma. Sin embargo, cuando se utiliza la iluminación divergente, se observa que la medición de los campos de desplazamientos está en función de la topografía del objeto. Por tal motivo, antes de evaluar las deformaciones mecánicas por la técnica ESPI con iluminación divergente es necesario conocer la topografía del objeto. La estimación de la incertidumbre estándar de las mediciones de los campos de desplazamiento debe de contemplar la incertidumbre de las mediciones de la topografía que se propaga debido a la ley generalizada de la propagación de la incertidumbre. En este trabajo se muestra el uso de la técnica de Monte Carlo para el cálculo de la incertidumbre estándar para la las mediciones de los campos de desplazamiento y la topografía de superficie de objetos mediante la técnica de interferometría electrónica del patrón de moteado con iluminación dual y divergente.
Dinámica de paquetes de ondas de huecos bajo acoplamiento espín-órbita tipo Rashba
Authors: Cuan R. , Diago-Cisneros Leovildo
Published: July 2016

Se estudia la dinámica de un paquete de ondas gaussiano de huecos pesados, en presencia de interacción espín-órbita tipo Rashba, para un sistema semiconductor cuasi-unidimensional. Se utiliza un esquema en diferencias finitas, basado en la aproximación de Cayley, y se extiende a la solución de la ecuación de Schrödinger dependiente del tiempo para huecos. Se muestra el fenómeno de la precesión del espín de los huecos, a través de una simulación numérica de la evolución temporal de las componentes del paquete. Es posible evaluar parámetros relevantes, e. g. dimensiones y tiempos de inversión de la polarización, en un dispositivo modelado como transistor de efecto campo de espín, que utilice en calidad de portadores a los huecos.
Medición simultánea en dos dimensiones por interferometría holográfica digital utilizando dos láseres y una cámara 3CCD
Authors: Saucedo Anaya Tonatiuh , Puch Ceballos Felipe
Published: July 2016

Se presenta un arreglo en Interferometría Holográfica Digital (IHD) para medir simultáneamente en 2D micro deformaciones en la superficie de objetos ópticamente rugosos. En el arreglo se usa una cámara 3CCD color y dos fuentes de luz láser de 458nm y 633nm que permite grabar simultáneamente dos hologramas digitales. El arreglo se prueba en una placa metálica la cual es microscópicamente deformada al ser calentada ligeramente por un cautín. Los resultados experimentales muestran el potencial metrológico del sistema para caracterizar cantidades mecánicas en la estructura del objeto.
¿La experiencia es la única forma de mejorar el discurso público en la ciencia?
Authors: Del Monte-Luna Pablo , Guzmán del Próo Sergio Antonio , Cruz-Escalona Víctor Hugo
Published: July 2016

Introducción: Cualquier practicante de ciencia está frecuentemente expuesto al discurso público (DP): conferencias, congresos, simposios, talleres, etc. Por ello, es imprescindible saber comunicar las ideas con claridad y contundencia en una presentación oral. Usualmente, profesionistas y estudiantes enfrentan estas situaciones utilizando el sentido común, asumiendo que las habilidades para dar una buena presentación oral se adquieren con la práctica. Sin embargo es común ver profesionistas que a pesar de tener años de experiencia en foros de DP, siguen haciendo presentaciones orales muy deficientes. La hipótesis de este trabajo es que la práctica, por sí misma, puede no ser la única forma de adquirir dichas habilidades, sino que también es posible mejorar el desempeño en las presentaciones orales mediante la enseñanza de las bases científicas del DP.Método: Tras una presentación oral individual de 10 minutos, se aplicó una prueba de desempeño en el DP (prueba Rapee) a un grupo de alumnos de posgrado en ciencias marinas antes y después de tomar un curso de DP. En el curso se enseñó la ciencia que existe detrás del DP, los protocolos del DP en la ciencia y la aplicación de los principios del diseño gráfico en el material de apoyo visual de una presentación oral. Los resultados de la prueba Rapee aplicada antes y después del curso se compararon mediante un análisis de diferencias de medias de muestras independientes (p valor de 0.05).Resultados: la calificación promedio del grupo en la prueba Rapee antes de que los alumnos tomaran el curso, se situó en un nivel de bajo desempeño (48 puntos de 68). Después de haber cursado la materia, este promedio se incrementó significativamente (de 48 a 57 puntos).     Discusión o Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que los alumnos, independientemente de su experiencia, pueden mejorar su desempeño en el DP y desarrollar presentaciones orales eficientes si se les instruye apropiadamente con los conocimientos básicos del DP. Si a esto se le suma una práctica constante, el resultado será un dominio profesional de las presentaciones orales. Al menos en la comunidad científica son pocos los que desarrollan naturalmente habilidades para el DP, por lo que resulta recomendable para la mayoría recibir una apropiada instrucción sobre los aspectos científicos fundamentales del DP.
Simultaneous regeneration of exhausted zeolite and nitrogen recovery using an air stripping method at alkaline pH
Authors: Deng Qiaosi , Elbeshbishy Elsayed , Lee Hyung-Sool
Published: July 2016

Ammonium nitrogen recovery using natural zeolite from the permeates of anaerobic membrane bioreactors was investigated with batch and continuous experiments. Regeneration of exhausted zeolite was compared between mechanical shaking and air stripping, and experimental results showed the superiority of air stripping over the shaking. Liquid circulation and air flow rates were optimized in a continuous zeolite-packed column with a separate recovery system consisting of a regeneration chamber and a stripping column. The liquid circulation rate had significant effect neither on the regeneration efficiency (RE) nor the ammonia transfer efficiency (ATE), while the ATE significantly increased with increasing air flow rate. The effect of pH on ammonia recovery was also tested and the results showed that both RE and ATE significantly improved at alkaline pH. When pH increased from 9.5 to 12, the RE increased from 9.2% to 84% and the ATE increased from 54% to 92%. The results emphasized that the pH should be higher than 11 for efficient regeneration and recovery of ammonia. The preliminary economic analysis showed the superiority of the alkaline regeneration–air stripping process over the high pH regeneration and the conventional regeneration.
Wastewater GHG Accounting Protocols as Compared to the State of GHG Science
Authors: Willis John L. , Yuan Zhiguo , Murthy Sudhir
Published: July 2016

Greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting protocols have addressed emissions from wastewater conveyance and treatment using a variety of simplifying methodologies. While these methodologies vary to some degree by protocol, within each protocol they provide consistent tools for organizational entities of varying size and scope to report and verify GHG emissions. Much of the science supporting these methodologies is either limited or the protocols have failed to keep abreast of developing GHG research. This state‐of‐the‐art review summarizes the sources of direct GHG emissions (both those covered and not covered in current protocols) from wastewater handling; provides a review of the wastewater‐related methodologies in a select group of popular protocols; and discusses where research has out‐paced protocol methodologies and other areas where the supporting science is relatively weak and warrants further exploration.
Ammonia Nitrogen Transformations in a Reactor with Aggregate made of Sewage Sludge Combustion Fly Ash
Authors: Rodziewicz Joanna , Mielcarek Artur , Janczukowicz Wojciech , Białowiec Andrzej , Gotkowska‐Płachta Anna , Proniewicz Marcin
Published: July 2016

The influence of light weight aggregate made of fly ash from sewage sludge thermal treatment (FASSTT LWA) on ammonia nitrogen metabolism, and on quantitative and qualitative changes of microorganisms colonizing the filling, was investigated. Two reactors were used in the experiment. The first was filled with gravel, the other with FASSTT LWA. The reactors were operated with a wastewater hydraulic loading rate of 5 mm3 mm−2 d−1. During the eleven‐week experiment, high efficiency of ammonia removal was observed. The lower concentrations of nitrites and nitrates in the effluent indicate that ammonia nitrogen removal resulted not just from nitrification. Nitrate concentration increase was reflected in a decrease in nitrogen removal efficiency. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that in the period when ammonia nitrogen and nitrites were present in the reactor's FASSTT LWA filling, facilitating conditions occurred for the deammonification process.
Biotechnological Implication with R.Br. for Azolla pinnata Metal Quenching Ability with Physiological Biomarkers
Authors: Adak Malay Kumar , De Arnab Kumar , Dey Narottam
Published: July 2016

The present paper holds the accountability of an aquatic fern Azolla pinnata R.Br. for biotechnological implication. In an artificial laboratory condition Azolla plants responded well in hyper accumulation of lead in a concentration dependent manner however, within a threshold value. In accompany with metal bioaccumulation plants responded a regulated growth performances with relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR). The plants responded well with a chemical elicitors like polyamine in response to metal quenching ability. At the cellular level the phytotoxicity of the plant is mitigated by both non-enzymatic and enzymatic cascades. It is an advantage of the plants to down regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) - superoxide (O2 ) and peroxide (H2O2) in a moderate level as - compare to higher plants and modulated with polyamine. The diversity in this species was also recorded for few gene expression related to antioxidation. Fern under lead toxicity displayed well in protein polymorphism for peroxides with variations. The responses of this species for metal hyper accumulation and over expressed physiological traits are discussed in light of phytoremidiation.
PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA KELAS IV SD
Authors: Suryansah Titi , Suwarjo Suwarjo
Published: July 2016

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media video pembelajaran yang layak dan efektif dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar kognitif bagi siswa kelas IV SD Gugus Pacarejo, Kecamatan Semanu, Gunungkidul. Penelitian ini menggunakan langkah pengembangan menurut Borg & Gall, tetapi desain pengembangan media video  pembelajaran ini hanya meliputi 9 langkah, yaitu (1) studi pendahuluan, (2) perencanaan, (3) pengembangan produk awal, (4) uji coba awal, (5) revisi produk awal, (6) uji coba lapangan, (7) revisi produk hasil uji coba lapangan, (8) uji coba lapangan operasional, dan (9) revisi produk akhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media video pembelajaran layak digunakan menurut ahli materi dan ahli media dengan kategori “baik”. Produk yang dikembangkan juga terbukti efektif meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar kognitif siswa kelas IV SD Gugus Pacarejo. Rata-rata skor motivasi dan nilai hasil belajar kognitif pada kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol.

 

Abstract

This research aims to produce an instructional video media that is feasible and effective for increasing the motivation and cognitive learning outcomes of 4th grade students of SD Gugus Pacarejo, Kecamatan Semanu,  Gunungkidul. This research is a research and development study from Borg & Gall model, but the design of an instructional video media consists of only nine steps, including (1) preliminary study, (2) planning, (3) preliminary product development, (4) preliminary field testing, (5) main product revision, (6) main field testing, (7) operational product revision, (8) operational field testing, (9) final product revision.The results are as follows the developed instructional video media is fit use according to the media expert and material expert, which is in a good category. The developed instructional video media is effective for increasing the motivation and learning outcome of the 4th grade students of SD Gugus Pacarejo. The average score of motivation  and the value of the cognitive learning in the experimental class which is higher than that of  the control class.

Keywords: instructional video media, learning motivation, cognitive learning outcomes
Integrating CanMEDS competencies into global health electives: an innovative elective program
Authors: Valani Rahim , Sriharan Abi , Scolnik Dennis
Published: July 2016

Globalization has opened the doors for medical students to undertake international health electives, providing an opportunity for them to gain valuable competencies and skills outside their formal curriculum. As the number of medical students embarking on these electives increases, there is a need to structure the electives with specific learning objectives and to ensure adequate educational outcomes.

We describe the International Pediatric Emergency Medicine Elective (IPEME), which is a novel global health elective that brings together students from Canada and the Middle East who are selected on the basis of a competitive application process and brought to Toronto for a 4-week living and studying experience. The program was introduced in 2004 and uses four specific areas to provide its structure: pediatric emergency medicine, global health, leadership, and peace building. The elective uses core CanMEDS competencies to foster cross-cultural dialogue, networking, and cooperation and fulfills the program's aim of using health as a bridge to peace.

The lessons learned from the curriculum planning and implementation process are highlighted and the impact of the program explored to help provide a framework for developing similar international electives.
Patient safety in emergency medical services: executive summary and recommendations from the Niagara Summit
Authors: Bigham Blair L. , Bull Ellen , Morrison Merideth , Burgess Rob , Maher Janet , Brooks Steven C. , Morrison Laurie J.
Published: July 2016

Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel care for patients in challenging and dynamic environments that may contribute to an increased risk for adverse events. However, little is known about the risks to patient safety in the EMS setting. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review of the literature, including nonrandomized, noncontrolled studies, conducted qualitative interviews of key informants, and, with the assistance of a pan-Canadian advisory board, hosted a 1-day summit of 52 experts in the field of EMS patient safety. The intent of the summit was to review available research, discuss the issues affecting prehospital patient safety, and discuss interventions that might improve the safety of the EMS industry. The primary objective was to define the strategic goals for improving patient safety in EMS. Participants represented all geographic regions of Canada and included administrators, educators, physicians, researchers, and patient safety experts. Data were collected through electronic voting and qualitative analysis of the discussions. The group reached consensus on nine recommendations to increase awareness, reduce adverse events, and suggest research and educational directions in EMS patient safety: increasing awareness of patient safety principles, improving adverse event reporting through creating nonpunitive reporting systems, supporting paramedic clinical decision making through improved research and education, policy changes, using flexible algorithms, adopting patient safety strategies from other disciplines, increasing funding for research in patient safety, salary support for paramedic researchers, and access to graduate training in prehospital research.
Conservative management of laryngeal perforation in a rural setting: case report and review of the literature on penetrating neck injuries
Authors: Kolber Michael R. , Aspler Anne , Sequeira Richard
Published: July 2016

Penetrating neck injuries (PNIs) are infrequent but can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Although surgical management of unstable patients with penetrating neck trauma is the standard of care, management of stable patients remains controversial owing to the possibility of occult injuries. Recent studies suggest that physical examination and ancillary imaging may be sufficiently accurate to diagnose or rule out surgically significant injuries in PNI. We report a patient with a laryngeal perforation who was managed conservatively in a rural hospital without complications and review the literature pertinent to cases of this nature.
Prioritizing performance measurement for emergency department care: consensus on evidencebased quality of care indicators
Authors: Schull Michael J. , Guttmann Astrid , Leaver Chad A. , Vermeulen Marian , Hatcher Caroline M. , Rowe Brian H. , Zwarenstein Merrick , Anderson Geoffrey M.
Published: July 2016

Background:

The evaluation of emergency department (ED) quality of care is hampered by the absence of consensus on appropriate measures. We sought to develop a consensus on a prioritized and parsimonious set of evidence-based quality of care indicators for EDs.

Methods:

The process was led by a nationally representative steering committee and expert panel (representatives from hospital administration, emergency medicine, health information, government, and provincial quality councils). A comprehensive review of the scientific literature was conducted to identify candidate indicators. The expert panel reviewed candidate indicators in a modified Delphi panel process using electronic surveys; final decisions on inclusion of indicators were made by the steering committee in a guided nominal group process with facilitated discussion. Indicators in the final set were ranked based on their priority for measurement. A gap analysis identified areas where future indicator development is needed. A feasibility study of measuring the final set of indicators using current Canadian administrative databases was conducted.

Results:

A total of 170 candidate indicators were generated from the literature; these were assessed based on scientific soundness and their relevance or importance. Using predefined scoring criteria in two rounds of surveys, indicators were coded as “retained” (53), “discarded” (78), or “borderline” (39). A final set of 48 retained indicators was selected and grouped in nine categories (patient satisfaction, ED operations, patient safety, pain management, pediatrics, cardiac conditions, respiratory conditions, stroke, and sepsis or infection). Gap analysis suggested the need for new indicators in patient satisfaction, a healthy workplace, mental health and addiction, elder care, and community-hospital integration. Feasibility analysis found that 13 of 48 indicators (27%) can be measured using existing national administrative databases.

Discussion:

A broadly representative modified Delphi panel process resulted in a consensus on a set of 48 evidencebased quality of care indicators for EDs. Future work is required to generate technical definitions to enable the uptake of these indicators to support benchmarking, quality improvement, and accountability efforts.
Lipid therapy for the treatment of a refractory amitriptyline overdose
Authors: Kiberd Mathew B. , Minor Samuel F.
Published: July 2016

Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose is a leading cause of death among intentional overdoses. Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy is an emerging antidote for local anesthetic toxicity, and there is animal evidence that lipid therapy may be efficacious in TCA overdose. Furthermore, case reports in humans have described the use of lipid therapy to reverse the toxicity of other lipophilic drugs. Here we report a 25-year-old female presenting with coma and hemodynamic instability following intentional ingestion of amitriptyline. She had multiple episodes of pulseless wide-complex tachycardia despite conventional treatment with chest compressions, cardioversion, lidocaine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, magnesium sulphate, sodium bicarbonate, activated charcoal, and whole bowel irrigation. Twenty percent lipid emulsion was administered intravenously (an initial 150 mL bolus, followed by an infusion at 16 mL/h and a second bolus of 40 mL) over 39 hours (total dose 814 mL) yet resulted in no dramatic changes in hemodynamics or level of consciousness. However, there was a decrease in the frequency of wide-complex tachycardia during the lipid emulsion infusion and a recurrence of wide-complex tachycardia shortly after the infusion was stopped. The patient was discharged from the intensive care unit 11 days later with no lasting physiologic sequelae.
Adrenal inhibition following a single dose of etomidate in intubated traumatic brain injury victims
Authors: Archambault Patrick , Dionne Clermont E. , Lortie Gilles , LeBlanc François , Rioux Anik , Larouche Geneviève
Published: July 2016

Background:

Etomidate is frequently used to intubate traumatic brain injury (TBI) victims, even though it has been linked to adrenal insufficiency (AI) in some populations. Few studies have explored the risk of prolonged etomidateinduced AI among TBI victims.

Objective:

To determine the risk and the length of AI induced by etomidate in patients intubated for moderate and severe TBI.

Methods:

Participants in this observational study were moderate to severe intubated TBI victims aged ≥ 16 years. The anesthetic used (etomidate versus others) was determined solely by the treating emergency physician. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation tests (250 µg) were performed 24, 48, and 168 hours after intubation. AI was defined as an increase in serumcortisol 1 hour post–ACTH test (delta cortisol) of less than 248.4 nmol/L.

Results:

Forty subjects (participation 42.6%) underwent ACTH testing. Fifteen received etomidate, and 25 received another anesthetic. There were no statistically significant differences between groups as to the cumulative incidence of AI at any measurement time. However, at 24 hours, exploratory post hoc analyses showed a significant decrease in delta cortisol (adjusted means: etomidate group: 305.1 nmol/L, 95% CI 214.7–384.8 versus other anesthetics: 500.5 nmol/L, 95% CI 441.8–565.7). This decrease was not present at 48 and 168 hours.

Conclusion:

In TBI victims, although a single dose of etomidate does not increase the cumulative incidence of AI as defined, it seems to decrease the adrenal response to an ACTH test for 24 hours. The clinical impacts of this finding remain to be determined.