bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Occurrence of Overload Changes Affecting Prisoners Performing Strength Training
Authors: Łapiński Piotr , Kaczmarek Aleksandra , Krotoszyńska Agata , Sołtys Zbigniew , Markuszewski Leszek
Published: October 2018

Aim: Without taking into consideration the pedagogical justification for doing the strength training by prisoners, the authors of this study discuss the problem of the consequences of allowing prisoners to do the strength training freely. The study was conducted to determine the frequency and the location of the overload changes in the musculoskeletal system of prisoners who do the strength training as well as the presumable reasons for such changes.

Methods: The study was conducted with the use of an interview technique among 44 men, repeat offenders serving a sentence of imprisonment in a prison in Inowrocław, regularly engaged in strength training in their free time.

Results: The respondents trained quite often (more than 5 times a week), slightly more than a half of them started the training with the warm up, and 64% did not do any stretching exercises after the training. The overload changes associated with strength training affected 30% of the respondents.

Conclusion: The high level of injury among prisoners who do the strength training is due to: too many sessions a week, the lack of warm up and stretching exercises, as well as the insufficient level of knowledge on the prevention from sports injuries.
Influence of Exchanged Neuromuscular Regulation of M.Gastrocnemius on Leg Bloodflow Regulation During Static Voluntary Contraction of Knee Flexors
Authors: Gavrona Una , Paeglītis Alvis , Vārpa Normunds , Zinta Galeja , Vilnis Dzērve , Kukulis Indulis
Published: October 2018

In literature from 1970th are described experimentaly proved concept of muscle local blood flow redistribution to capillaries feeding active muscle fibres, and loss of this synhrone blood flow redistribution with changes of recruited motor units, caused by mechanical, metabolic or neural regulatory disturbances. On the other hand, from theory of applied kinesiology (AK) it is known that different external or internal challenges coud exchenge neuromuscular regulation and muscle could become weak-testing or become hypertonic. The physiological background of these changes is not jet known. The aim of this study is to find out connections between muscle's neuromuscular regulation and its local blood flow regulation. We investigate blood flow regulation in the leg during static voluntary contraction with contraction force 5% of the knee flexor muscle maximal static voluntary contraction (MVC) in position with knee flexed till 60 deg. In this experiment participate 8 LASE students in age 22-24 with normotonic m. gastrocnemius and 8 LASE students in age 22-26 with weak-tested m. gastrocnemius. Muscle tests were performed according AK testing methode (Frost, 2002.). Leg blood flow was measured with a mercury-in-silastic strain-gauge plethismograph, using the venous-occlusion plethismography Hokanson AI6 (Hokanson, Sumner and Strandness, 1975). Cycle of leg blood flow measurement was 15 seconds repeated twice in every controled minute. Student paired t-test was used to evaluate diferences in the results of blood flow measurements from strong tested and weak tested leg muscles. We find statistically significant (P>95) differences triceps surae during static contraction with contracting force of knee flexors 5% MVC. Volume blood flow in leg with exchanged neuromuscular regulation of knee flexors where statisticaly higher neither blood floww in leg with normal neuromuscuular regulation. These differences was observed all the time of the static contraction. Changes of neuromuscular regulation could cause muscles local blood flow regulatory disturbances. Character of muscle local blood flow could be a quantitatively measurable parameter which reflects changes of neuromuscular regulatory processes of studied muscle.
Motives of Young Basketball Players for Going in for Sports
Authors: Budreikaitė Asta , Mačijauskas Kęstutis
Published: October 2018

The aim of the research is to analyze the motives for going in for sports among young basketball players within the age group of 9-16 years. Research methods are as follows: analysis of relevant scientific research, questionnaire, and statistical analysis. Data was collected by cooperating with Silute Sports School upon receipt of consent; questionnaires were handed out to the pupils of the sports school. The research sample was composed of 100 respondents between the ages of 9 – 16 years attending Silute Sports School. The results of the present research identified and named the most common and significant motives encouraging the young basketball players to engage in sports across all age groups (interval of 10―16 years), which are the improvement of health and the possibility of making own sport-related achievements public. Considering different age groups, results demonstrate that boys at the age of 9 – 10 consider the following motives fundamental: to improve health and to express emotions. They believe that emotional enrichment when emotions experienced in sports come along with pleasure in doing such sports and appreciation of own achievements is highly significant. When it comes to the adolescents falling into the group of 11 – 12 year olds, willingness to compete, fight, and control oneself are the central motives, while to the adolescents at the age of 13 – 14 years it was to experience pleasure in sports, however, the group of 15 – 16 year olds name a possibility to become famous for sport-related achievements as the most significant motive.
Epi-mild normality
Authors: Kalantan Lutfi , Alshammari Ibtesam
Published: October 2018

A space (X, τ) is called epi-mildly normal if there exists a coarser topology τ′ on X such that (X, τ′) is Hausdorff (T2) mildly normal. We investigate this property and present some examples to illustrate the relationships between epi-mild normality and other weaker kinds of normality.
The Picard group of Brauer-Severi varieties
Authors: Badr Eslam , Bars Francesc , García Elisa Lorenzo
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we provide explicit generators for the Picard groups of cyclic Brauer-Severi varieties defined over the base field. In particular,we provide such generators for all Brauer-Severi surfaces. To produce these generators we use the theory of twists of smooth plane curves.
Recycled fiber treated with NaOH/urea aqueous solution: effects on physical properties of paper sheets and on hornification
Authors: Miao Yingju , Zhi Yunfei , Zhang Heng , Chen Ying , Shan Shaoyun , Jia Qingming , Ni Yonghao
Published: October 2018

Hydrogen bonding among fiber microfibrils is the primary cause of fiber hornification, wherein NaOH/urea aqueous solution precooled to −13 °C can disassemble inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Whether hornified fibers treated with this process can significantly improve fiber swelling ability and physical properties of the resulting paper sheets remains a problem. In this investigation, the 6th cycle fiber was pretreated with this procedure, and the water retention value of the fiber before and after treatment and the physical properties of the resulting paper sheets were studied. The results indicate that the lignin decline, complete swelling of flat fiber, filling of cellulose film between the interfiber network, and decreasing crystalline region all contribute to the increase in water retention value. The water retention value of repaired fiber is equivalent to that of virgin pulp, and hornification reverses by 89 %. In addition, the cellulose film filling among the fiber network constructs a similar reinforced concrete structure, which causes the tear, burst, and tensile index of the resulting paper sheets to increase by 145 %, 98 %, and 43 %, respectively.
Opportunities and challenges for combining electro- and organometallic catalysis in C(sp2)-H phosphonation
Authors: Budnikova Yulia H.
Published: October 2018

The chemistry of organoelemental compounds including carbon-phosphorus derivatives is now one of the most rapidly developing fields of research, regarding both fundamental science and solution of applied problems. Extensive opportunities for the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds are opened up by the use of unconventional methods, first of all, electrochemical ones, which combine the benefits of usual homogeneous chemistry in solution and electrochemistry, where reactants are generated at the electrodes directly in the reaction system. The interest in the organic electrosynthesis is caused by several factors, including mild conditions (room temperature, atmospheric pressure), the possibility of conducting reactions in a closed system with a low concentration of the catalyst, which is readily regenerated. This mini-review generalizes the achievements in the field of development of new electrochemical, efficient and atom-economical, catalytic methods for the formation of aromatic carbon – phosphorus bonds and some historical background of these approaches.
The role of fibroblast growth factors and their receptors in gliomas: the mutations involved
Authors: Georgiou Vasiliki , Gkretsi Vasiliki
Published: October 2018

The central nervous system (CNS) comprises of neurons, which are responsible for impulse transmission, and glial cells, which surround neurons providing protection and nutrition. Glial cells are categorized into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, and ependymal cells. Tumors forming from glial cells are called gliomas, and they are classified accordingly into astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Gliomas are characterized by high mortality rates and degree of malignancy, heterogeneity, and resistance to treatment. Among the molecular players implicated in glioma pathogenesis are members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) superfamily as well as their receptors (FGFRs). In the present study, we provide a review of the literature on the role of FGFs and FGFRs in glioma pathogenesis. We also demonstrate that FGFs, and particularly FGF1 and FGF2, bear a variety of mutations in gliomas, while FGFRs are also crucially involved. In fact, several studies show that in gliomas, FGFRs bear mutations, mainly in the tyrosine kinase domains. Specifically, it appears that FGFR1-TACC1 and FGFR3-TACC3 fusions are common in these receptors. A better understanding of the mutations and the molecular players involved in glioma formation will benefit the scientific community, leading to the development of more effective and innovative therapeutic approaches.
Interpretation bias in the face of pain: a discriminatory fear conditioning approach
Authors: Traxler Juliane , Schrooten Martien G.S. , Dibbets Pauline , Vancleef Linda M.G.
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

Interpreting pain- and illness-related stimuli as health-threatening is common among chronic pain patients but also occurs in the general population. As interpretation bias (IB) may affect pain perception and might even play part in the development and maintenance of chronic pain, it is important to improve our understanding of this concept. Several studies suggest an association between IB and pain-related anxiety. However, those studies often rely on verbal and pictorial IB tasks that do not entail a threat of actual pain, therefore lacking personal relevance for healthy participants. The current study investigated whether healthy individuals show an IB towards ambiguous health-related stimuli in a context of actual pain threat, and explored whether this bias is associated to pain anxiety constructs.

Methods

Thirty-six healthy participants were conditioned to expect painful electrocutaneous shocks (unconditioned stimulus – US) after health-threat words (CS+) but not after neutral (non-health-threat) words (CS−) in order to establish fear of pain. Subsequently, they completed a verbal interpretation task that contained new CS+ and CS− stimuli as well as ambiguous non-reinforced health-threat and non-health-threat words. IB was assessed through shock expectancy ratings and startle responses to ambiguous and evident health threatening or neutral word stimuli. Pain-related anxiety was measured with validated questionnaires.

Results

The results show a general IB towards ambiguous health-related words on pain expectancies but not on startle response. An exploratory analysis suggests that this effect exists irrespective of pain-related anxiety levels which however may be due to a lack of power.

Conclusion

We present a novel experimental paradigm employing actual health threat that captures IB towards health-related stimuli in healthy individuals. Taken together, results provide evidence for the further consideration of IB as a latent vulnerability factor in the onset and maintenance of pain chronicity. In contrast to previous studies employing a safe, pain-free context, we found that healthy participants show an IB towards ambiguous health-related stimuli, when confronted with pain threat.

Implications

Like chronic pain patients, healthy individuals display an IB towards health-threat stimuli when these stimuli become personally relevant by carrying information about pending health threat. Therefore, the presented paradigm could be valuable for pain-related cognitive bias research in healthy participants as it may have a higher ecological validity than previous study designs. Future studies will have to elucidate the influence of anxiety constructs on IB in larger samples.
“No Country for Old Men”? The Question of George Moore’s Place in the Early Twentieth-Century Literature of Ireland
Authors: Jarząb-Napierała Joanna
Published: October 2018

The paper scrutinizes the literary output of George Moore with reference to the expectations of the new generation of Irish writers emerging at the beginning of the twentieth century. Although George Moore is considered to belong to the Anglo-Irish ascendancy writers, he began his writing career from dissociating himself from the literary achievements of his own social class. His infatuation with the ideals of the Gaelic League not only brought him back to Dublin, but also encouraged him to write short stories analogous to famous Ivan Turgenev’s The Sportsman’s Sketches. The idea of using a Russian writer as a role model went along with the Gaelic League advocating the reading of non-English European literature in search for inspiration. However the poet’s involvement in the public cause did not last long. His critical view on Ireland together with his uncompromising approach towards literature resulted in a final disillusionment with the movement. The paper focuses on this particular period of Moore’s life in order to show how this seemingly unfruitful cooperation became essential for the development of Irish literature in the twentieth century. The Untilled Field, though not translated into Irish, still marks the beginning of a new genre into Irish literature—a short story. More importantly, the collection served as a source of inspiration for Joyce’s Dubliners. These and other aspects of Moore’s literary life are supposed to draw attention to the complexity of the writer’s literary output and his underplayed role in the construction of the literary Irish identity.
Michael Longley and Birds
Authors: Michalski Przemysław
Published: October 2018

The following essay attempts to shed some light on Michael Longley’s poems about birds, which form a fairly complicated network of mutual enhancements and cross-references. Some of them are purely descriptive lyrics. Such poems are likely to have the name of a given species or a specific individual representative of that species in the title. Others make references to birds or use them for their own agenda, which often transcends the parameters of pure description. Sometimes birds perform an evocative function (“Snow Geese”), prompt the poet to explore the murky mysteries of iniquity (“The Goose”), judge human affairs from the avian vantage (“Aftermath”), or raise ecological problems (“Kestrel”). Most of the time, however, Longley is careful not to intrude upon their baffling otherness. Many of his bird poems are suffused with an aura of subtle yet suggestive eroticism, a conflation of the avian and the amorous.
“Soldier Dolls, Little Adulteresses, Poor Scapegoats, Betraying Sisters and Perfect Meat”: The Gender of the Early Phase of the Troubles and the Politics of Punishments against Women in Contemporary Irish Poetry
Authors: Ostalska Katarzyna
Published: October 2018

This paper examines the literary representation of the beginnings of the Northern Irish Troubles with regard to a gender variable (women’s roles and functions ascribed to them, mostly punitively, by men ), in the selected poems by Heaney, Durcan, Boland, Meehan and Morrissey. The reading of Heaney’s “Punishment” will attempt to focus not solely on the poem’s repeatedly criticized misogyny but on analyzing it in a broader, historical context of the North’s conflict. In Durcan’s case, his prominent nationalist descent or his declared contempt for any form of paramilitary terrorism (including the IRA) do not seem to prevent him entirely from immortalizing female victims of the Troubles. Boland’s attitude seems the most unequivocal: the clear aversion to the language of death and rendering Irish women’s experiences (and children’s) in this discourse. The article concludes with analysis of Meehan’s “Southern” guilt for the situation of Catholics in the North with the simultaneous critique of perpetrated violence and Morrissey’s complicated standpoint: atheist/neutral/Protestant/communist and her striving for the impossible impartiality in a war-ridden and politically divided country. Trying to avoid systemic victimization of Irish women, the paper intends to analyze the historical and political circumstances which made them more susceptible to various forms of attacks at the beginnings of the Troubles, as reflected in the titular labels.
Boundaries and Otherness in Science Fiction: We Cannot Escape the Human Condition
Authors: Hermann Isabella
Published: October 2018

The article explores the construction of boundaries, alterity and otherness in modern science-fiction (SF) films. Boundaries, understood as real state borders, territoriality and sovereignty, as well as the construction of the other beyond an imagined border and delimited space, have a significant meaning in the dystopian settings of SF. Even though SF topics are not bound to the contemporary environment, be it of a historical, technical or ethical nature, they do relate to the present-day world and transcend our well-known problems. Therefore, SF offers a pronounced discourse about current social challenges under extreme conditions such as future technological leaps, encounters with the alien other or the end of the world. At the same time the genre enables us to play through future challenges that might really happen. Films like Equilibrium (2002), Code 46 (2003), Children of Men (2006) and District 9 (2009) show that in freely constructed cinematic settings we are not only unable to escape from our border conflicts, but quite the contrary, we take them everywhere with us, even to an alternative present or into the future, where new precarious situations of otherness are constructed.
Oppressive Faces of Whiteness in Walter Mosley’s Devil in a Blue Dress
Authors: Szmańko Klara
Published: October 2018

Walter Mosley’s Devil in a Blue Dress contributes significantly to the literary debate on the definition of whiteness. The socio-historical construction of whiteness emerging from the novel is amplified by white imagery dovetailing with the claims made about white people directly. For the African American first person narrator, Easy Rawlins, living in post-World War II Los Angeles, whiteness mostly spells terror. The oppressive faces of whiteness consist in the following trajectories: property relations, economic exploitation, labour relations, the legal system, different miens of oppressive white masculinity denigrating blackness, spatial dynamics of post-World War II Los Angeles and the white apparatus of power that the narrator needs to confront throughout the novel. White imagery carried to the extreme magnifies the terrorizing aspect of whiteness in the narrative. Like many authors of colour, Mosley associates whiteness with death. Whiteness inundates Easy Rawlins from all sides, entailing insincerity, dishonesty, interestedness and hypocrisy.
Advances in Enteric Neurobiology: The “Brain” in the Gut in Health and Disease
Authors: Kulkarni Subhash , Ganz Julia , Bayrer James , Becker Laren , Bogunovic Milena , Rao Meenakshi
Published: October 2018

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a large, complex division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates many digestive, immune, hormonal, and metabolic functions. Recent advances have elucidated the dynamic nature of the mature ENS, as well as the complex, bidirectional interactions among enteric neurons, glia, and the many other cell types that are important for mediating gut behaviors. Here, we provide an overview of ENS development and maintenance, and focus on the latest insights gained from the use of novel model systems and live-imaging techniques. We discuss major advances in the understanding of enteric glia, and the functional interactions among enteric neurons, glia, and enteroendocrine cells, a large class of sensory epithelial cells. We conclude by highlighting recent work on muscularis macrophages, a group of immune cells that closely interact with the ENS in the gut wall, and the importance of neurological–immune system communication in digestive health and disease.
Unveiling the Extracellular Space of the Brain: From Super-resolved Microstructure toIn VivoFunction
Authors: Hrabetova Sabina , Cognet Laurent , Rusakov Dmitri A. , Nägerl U. Valentin
Published: October 2018

The extracellular space occupies approximately one-fifth of brain volume, molding a spider web of gaps filled with interstitial fluid and extracellular matrix where neurons and glial cells perform in concert. Yet, very little is known about the spatial organization and dynamics of the extracellular space, let alone its influence on brain function, owing to a lack of appropriate techniques (and a traditional bias toward the inside of cells, not the spaces in between). At the same time, it is clear that understanding fundamental brain functions, such as synaptic transmission, memory, sleep, and recovery from disease, calls for more focused research on the extracellular space of the brain. This review article highlights several key research areas, covering recent methodological and conceptual progress that illuminates this understudied, yet critically important, brain compartment, providing insights into the opportunities and challenges of this nascent field.
The Endolysosomal System and Proteostasis: From Development to Degeneration
Authors: Winckler Bettina , Faundez Victor , Maday Sandra , Cai Qian , Guimas Almeida Cláudia , Zhang Huaye
Published: October 2018

How do neurons adapt their endolysosomal system to address the particular challenge of membrane transport across their elaborate cellular landscape and to maintain proteostasis for the lifetime of the organism? Here we review recent findings that address this central question. We discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of endolysosomal trafficking and the autophagy pathway in neurons, as well as their role in neuronal development and degeneration. These studies highlight the importance of understanding the basic cell biology of endolysosomal trafficking and autophagy and their roles in the maintenance of proteostasis within the context of neurons, which will be critical for developing effective therapies for various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
New Frontiers in Parkinson's Disease: From Genetics to the Clinic
Authors: Shihabuddin Lamya S. , Brundin Patrik , Greenamyre J. Timothy , Stephenson Diane , Sardi S. Pablo
Published: October 2018

The greatest unmet therapeutic need in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a treatment that slows the relentless progression of the symptoms and the neurodegenerative process. This review highlights the utility of genetics to understand the pathogenic mechanisms and develop novel therapeutic approaches for PD. The focus is on strategies provided by genetic studies: notably via the reduction and clearance of α-synuclein, inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity, and modulation of glucocerebrosidase-related substrates. In addition, the critical role of precompetitive public-private partnerships in supporting trial design optimization, overall drug development, and regulatory approvals is illustrated. With these great advances, the promise of developing transformative therapies that halt or slow disease progression is a tangible goal.
Sex Differences in Risk and Resilience: Stress Effects on the Neural Substrates of Emotion and Motivation
Authors: Wellman Cara L. , Bangasser Debra A. , Bollinger Justin L. , Coutellier Laurence , Logrip Marian L. , Moench Kelly M. , Urban Kimberly R.
Published: October 2018

Risk for stress-sensitive psychopathologies differs in men and women, yet little is known about sex-dependent effects of stress on cellular structure and function in corticolimbic regions implicated in these disorders. Determining how stress influences these regions in males and females will deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying sex-biased psychopathology. Here, we discuss sex differences in CRF regulation of arousal and cognition, glucocorticoid modulation of amygdalar physiology and alcohol consumption, the age-dependent impact of social stress on prefrontal pyramidal cell excitability, stress effects on the prefrontal parvalbumin system in relation to emotional behaviors, contributions of stress and gonadal hormones to stress effects on prefrontal glia, and alterations in corticolimbic structure and function after cessation of chronic stress. These studies demonstrate that, while sex differences in stress effects may be nuanced, nonuniform, and nonlinear, investigations of these differences are nonetheless critical for developing effective, sex-specific treatments for psychological disorders.
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: A Coming-of-Age Story
Authors: Kuhn H. Georg , Toda Tomohisa , Gage Fred H.
Published: October 2018

What has become standard textbook knowledge over the last decade was a hotly debated matter a decade earlier: the proposition that new neurons are generated in the adult mammalian CNS. The early discovery by Altman and colleagues in the 1960s was vulnerable to criticism due to the lack of technical strategies for unequivocal demonstration, quantification, and physiological analysis of newly generated neurons in adult brain tissue. After several technological advancements had been made in the field, we published a paper in 1996 describing the generation of new neurons in the adult rat brain and the decline of hippocampal neurogenesis during aging. The paper coincided with the publication of several other studies that together established neurogenesis as a cellular mechanism in the adult mammalian brain. In thisProgressionsarticle, which is by no means a comprehensive review, we recount our personal view of the initial setting that led to our study and we discuss some of its implications and developments that followed. We also address questions that remain regarding the regulation and function of neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain, in particular the existence of neurogenesis in the adult human brain.
Geologic History, Hydrology, and Current Public Policy: The Case of Radionuclides and Water Quality in Pennsylvania’s Marcellus Shale Region
Authors: Bell Adam N. , Hernandez Maria A. , Kremer Kevin , Mallinson Daniel J.
Published: October 2018

The natural gas industry is a boon to the economy of the United States and will continue to expand in the following decades. Hydraulic fracturing (fracking), however, produces much waste and it must be determined how to dispose of unwanted byproducts of natural gas drilling, such as produced wastewater, solid scale, and oil. Radionuclides such as uranium were deposited in the Marcellus Shale millions of years ago and are now being returned to the surface in produced water from fracking. The presence of radionuclides creates a policy conflict between laws that protect public health and the economics of disposing of produced water. This case study will help readers understand how geologic history, hydrology, and present policy are intricately related in Pennsylvania. It will address possible methods for handling wastewater—storage, reuse, treatment, injection wells, and transport—and the degree to which state and federal policies protect drinking water from produced water. In addition, the Radium Girls factory case from California helps readers consider how the mode of exposure matters for the effects of human contact with radionuclides. Students of environmental policy will be better able to understand the linkages between policy and the physical sciences.
As principais linhas da biologia forense e como auxiliam na resolução de crimes
Authors: Dos Santos Anderson Eduardo
Published: October 2018

Nos últimos anos a biologia tornou-se um elemento poderoso na investigação criminal. Há várias áreas que são utilizadas na investigação forense como a Genética, Entomologia, Botânica, Toxicologia, entre outras. O objetivo básico do presente trabalho foi descrever as principais áreas e técnicas da biologia utilizadas para fins forenses, bem como um breve histórico de cada área. Para isso, recorreu-se a uma revisão de literatura dos vários trabalhos em que essas áreas e técnicas são descritas detalhadamente. Observou-se que as técnicas estão sendo aprimoradas continuamente e que no meio da investigação forense está em grande ascendência tanto para fins de investigação como pela justiça. Isso demonstra a importância e justifica os trabalhos que contribuem para aprimorar o desenvolvimento e difusão do conhecimento acerca das ciências forenses.
Prevalência de acidentes de trânsito com vítimas fatais associadas à alcoolemia positiva do condutor: um estudo na Serra Gaúcha
Authors: Beal Letícia , Paludo C. A. , Chultz R. M.
Published: October 2018

Os acidentes de trânsito são considerados um problema de saúde pública em muitos países, em especial no Brasil. Pode-se ressaltar o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas como uma das principais razões pelas quais ocorre grande parte dos acidentes com vítimas, muitas delas fatais. O presente estudo visa estabelecer relação entre acidentes automobilísticos com vítimas fatais e a alcoolemia na microrregião de Bento Gonçalves (Região de Serra Gaúcha), entre janeiro de 2003 e dezembro de 2015. Foram verificados 481 registros de óbitos durante o período analisado, sendo 411 do sexo masculino e 70 do sexo feminino, totalizando um percentual de 85,4% e 14,6% respectivamente. O resultado dos exames toxicológicos apontou também que 223 (46,4%) dos periciados não estavam sob o efeito de álcool e 183 (38%) estavam sob o efeito de álcool. Desta forma a análise estatística dos dados demonstra uma diferença altamente significativa, sendo o álcool uma variável fundamental no resultado, se em caso de acidente o motorista terá ou não óbito. Estando sob a influência de bebidas alcoólicas, a probabilidade de sofrer um acidente fatal é muito alta.
Palinología Forense: um caso de estudio em Argentina
Authors: Povilauskas Leticia K.
Published: October 2018

En esta contribución se dan a conocer los resultados obtenidos a partir de un análisis en base a la Palinología Forense, en un caso de estudio ocurrido en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. En este caso estudiado, localizado en el predio de Santa Catalina de Lomas de Zamora, Provincia de Buenos Aires, se exponen los resultados del análisis palinológico de un cuerpo enterrado a poca profundidad. El estudio fue comparativo con la flora del lugar, la ropa de la víctima y con las muestras obtenidas de dos palas y un par de borceguíes incautados durante el allanamiento de la casa del sospechoso. Como resultado, se obtuvo una asociación palinológica dominada principalmente por granos de polen pertenecientes a Salicaceae (Populus sp.) y Poaceae (Stipa sp.), y en forma subordinada Cyperaceae (Cyperus rotundus) y Araceae (Zantedeschia aethiopica). En esta investigación forense se tomó en cuenta la correcta recolección de muestras palinológicas en la escena del crimen y de los efectos a periciar, asegurando la no contaminación de las muestras, y su posterior análisis en el laboratorio.
Estimativa de tempo de deposição de manchas de sangue em local de crime por espectrofotometria UV-Vis
Authors: Casagrande Kamelyn Caroline , Gandin Jerry Cristian , Massuda Thiago Y. C.
Published: October 2018

A investigação do local de crime é um dos processos mais importantes para solucioná-lo e as manchas de sangue são um dos vestígios mais comumente encontrados, pois fornecem muitas informações sobre o ocorrido. A capacidade de determinar o tempo desde a sua deposição (TSD, time since deposition) pode ser útil nos casos em que nenhum corpo é encontrado, dando informações sobre o tempo de morte ou do delito. Este estudo desenvolveu um método espectrofotométrico UV-Vis para estimar TSD de manchas de sangue empregando recursos disponíveis na Polícia Científica do Paraná. Alíquotas de 5 µL de sangue fresco foram depositados em microtubos transparentes e deixadas em repouso por tempo determinado de cada leitura. Foram coletados os fragmentos de sangue dessecados em diferentes datas, solubilizados em 1,5 mL de solução de tampão Tris-HCl pH 8,0, sonicados por 45 s e centrifugados a 13.000 rpm a -10 °C por 5 min. O sobrenadante foi transferido para cubetas descartáveis e submetidas a leitura em espectrofotômetro UV-Vis, em modo scan, na faixa de 300 a 700 nm com intervalos de 0,1 nm. Observou-se alteração no comportamento espectrofotométrico do sangue em função do TSD, especialmente em relação à área e ao deslocamento hipsocrômico da banda de Soret. O desenvolvimento desse método de estimativa de TSD de manchas de sangue por espectrometria UV-Vis é justificado pelo baixo custo operacional, simplicidade de aplicação e reduzido consumo de amostra.
Spatial Detection of Vehicles in Images using Convolutional Neural Networks and Stereo Matching
Authors: Pinto Jeremy , Lunscher Nolan , Younes Georges , Chacra David Abou , Leopold Henry , Zelek John
Published: October 2018

Convolutional Neural Networks combined with a state of the artstereo-matching method are used to find and estimate the 3D positionof vehicles in pairs of stereo images. Pixel positions of vehiclesare first estimated separately in pairs of stereo images usinga Convolutional Neural Network for regression. These coordinatesare then combined with a state-of-art stereo-matching method todetermine the depth, and thus the 3D location, of the vehicles. Weshow in this paper that cars can be detected with a combined accuracyof approximately 90% with a tolerated radius error of 5%,and a Mean Absolute Error of 5.25m on depth estimation for carsup to 50m away.
Compact, Field-Portable Smartphone Chiral Molecule Concentration Estimation System via Multi-sensor Computational Polarimetry
Authors: Haider Shahid A. , Kazemzadeh Farnoud , Wong Alexander
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we present a compact, field-portable smartphone chiralmolecule concentration estimation system based on the principleof multi-sensor computational polarimetry. The presented systemwas designed as an attachment for a smartphone, thus leveragingthe computational power to achieve full autonomy and smallform factor, while greatly reducing the cost of the system. In addition,by leveraging Maulâ€™s Law, the size and complexity of thepresented system can be greatly reduced, consisting of just fourstatic components: i) a diode laser source, ii) a linear polariser, iii)a cell for chiral solution, and iv) a linear analyser. Finally, the highmegapixel count of the smartphone camera is leveraged via multisensorcomputational polarimetry, where a multitude of measurementsby different sensors are made in a single acquisition to enhancethe estimation of the angle of linear polarisation, and therebyenhance the estimation of the concentration of chiral molecules insolution. Such a system can have potential for enabling low-cost,mobile chiral molecule concentration analysis, which would be wellsuitedfor a wide range of industrial and clinical applications wherefield testing or on-site testing is required.
Improved OCT Human Corneal segmentation Using Bayesian Residual Transform
Authors: Gawish Ahmed , Haines L. , Marschall S. , Wong Alexander , Sorbara L. , Bizheva Kostadinka , Fieguth Paul
Published: October 2018

The inherent poor signal to noise ratio of Optical Coherent Tomography(OCT) is considered as a main limitation of OCT segmentation,particularly because images are sampled quickly, at high resolutions,and in-vivo. Furthermore, speckle noise is generated bythe reflections of the OCT LASER limits the ability of automaticallysegmenting OCT images. This paper presents a novel method toautomatically segment human corneal OCT images. The proposedmethod uses Bayesian Residual Transform (BRT) to build a noiserobust external force map, that guides active contours model to thecorneal data in OCT images. Experimental results show that theproposed method outperforms the classical as well as the state-ofthe-art methods.
Commanding Wheelchair in Virtual Reality with Thoughts by Multiclass BCI based on Movement-related Cortical Potentials
Authors: Chen Mei Lin , Yao Lin , Jiang Ning
Published: October 2018

Brain-driven wheelchair control is an attractive application in theBrain-Computer Interface (BCI) field. In this research, wedesigned and validated a virtual wheelchair navigation systemcontrolled by our latest multiclass BCI Menu interface based on afast brain switch, which provides five commands: move forward,turn left, turn right, move backward, and stop. Preliminary resultshave shown that subjects can successfully control the wheelchairto hit all targets in the immersive virtual reality (VR)environment. This system proves an avenue to bridge the gapbetween simulation control in VR environments and real-lifewheelchair applications for mobility impairment.
Evaluation of a Coherent Point Drift Algorithm for Breast Image Registration via Surface Markers
Authors: Ahmadian Ghazaleh , Bohun C. Sean , Ebrahimi Mehran
Published: October 2018

Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a reliable imagingtool for localization and evaluation of lesions prior to breast conservingsurgery (BCS). MR images typically will be used to determinethe size and location of the tumours before making the incisionin order to minimize the amount of tissue excised.The arm position and configuration of the breast during andprior to surgery are different and one question is whether it wouldbe possible to match the two configurations. This matching processcan potentially be used in development of tools to guide surgeonsin the incision process.Recently, a Thin-Plate-Spline (TPS) algorithm has been proposedto assess the feasibility of breast tissue matching using fiducialsurface markers in two different arm positions. The registrationalgorithm uses the surface markers only and does not employ theimage intensities.In this manuscript, we apply and evaluate a coherent point drift(CPD) algorithm for registration of three-dimensional breast MR imagesof six patient volunteers. In particular, we evaluate the resultsof the previous TPS registration technique to the proposed rigidCPD, affine CPD, and deformable CPD registration algorithms onthe same patient datasets.The preliminary results suggest that the CPD deformable registrationalgorithm is superior in correcting the motion of the breastcompared to CPD rigid, affine and TPS registration algorithms.
Integrating Multispectral Hemodynamic Imaging for Bulk Tissue Oxygenation Analysis
Authors: Tran Megan Y Y , Amelard Robert , Wong Alexander
Published: October 2018

Tissue perfusion and oxygenation are important factors in predicting patient outcomes, but current non-invasive devices for this type of measurement are limited to contact-based single-site monitoring. We present the co-integration of a multispectral optical-electronic subsystem into an existing non-contact coded hemodynamic imaging (CHI) device to enable image acquisition under different illuminants for spatial tissue oxygenation. Stability of the optical output for three illuminants over 10 mins was validated by the imaging system, with Ïƒmax=0.407 intensity units, reflecting stability in local fluctuations, and a maximal overall change of 3.1 units. Bulk tissue oxygenation measurement of the thenar eminence during a cuff occlusion experiment revealed relative changes in absorbance due to oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin consistent with concurrent physiological changes in chromophore concentration as described in a previous study.
Fast YOLO: A Fast You Only Look Once System for Real-time Embedded Object Detection in Video
Authors: Shaifee Mohammad Javad , Chywl Brendan , Li Francis , Wong Alexander
Published: October 2018

Object detection is considered one of the most challenging problemsin this field of computer vision, as it involves the combinationof object classification and object localization within a scene. Recently,deep neural networks (DNNs) have been demonstrated toachieve superior object detection performance compared to otherapproaches, with YOLOv2 (an improved You Only Look Once model)being one of the state-of-the-art in DNN-based object detectionmethods in terms of both speed and accuracy. Although YOLOv2can achieve real-time performance on a powerful GPU, it still remainsvery challenging for leveraging this approach for real-timeobject detection in video on embedded computing devices withlimited computational power and limited memory. In this paper,we propose a new framework called Fast YOLO, a fast You OnlyLook Once framework which accelerates YOLOv2 to be able toperform object detection in video on embedded devices in a realtimemanner. First, we leverage the evolutionary deep intelligenceframework to evolve the YOLOv2 network architecture and producean optimized architecture (referred to as O-YOLOv2 here) that has2.8X fewer parameters with just a 2% IOU drop. To further reducepower consumption on embedded devices while maintaining performance,a motion-adaptive inference method is introduced intothe proposed Fast YOLO framework to reduce the frequency ofdeep inference with O-YOLOv2 based on temporal motion characteristics.Experimental results show that the proposed Fast YOLOframework can reduce the number of deep inferences by an averageof 38.13%, and an average speedup of 3.3X for objectiondetection in video compared to the original YOLOv2, leading FastYOLO to run an average of 18FPS on a Nvidia Jetson TX1 embeddedsystem.
ISOLASI Escherichia coli DARI URINE PASIEN INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH DI RUMAH SAKIT BHAYANGKARA KEDIRI
Authors: Widianingsih Mastuti , De Jesus Aldino Marcos
Published: October 2018

AbstrakInfeksi saluran kemih (ISK) terjadi akibat adanya invasi mikroorganisme (bakteri) pada saluran kemih. Peningkatan kejadian ISK dapat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi refluks vesikouretral (RVU), obstruksi saluran kemih, pemakaian instrumen uretral baru, dan septikimia. Angka kejadian ISK di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Kediri tahun 2016 berjumlah 346 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya Escherichia coli pada urine pasien ISK di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Kediri. Besarnya persentase ISK yang disebabkan E. coli mendorong peneliti untuk melakukan isolasi bakteri tersebut dari urine pasien ISK di rumah sakit tersebut. Teknik sampling yang digunakan berupa Accidental sampling dengan sampel berupa urine porsi tengah (UPT) sebanyak 30. Sampel urine diinokulasikan pada media MCA, kemudian dilakukan pewarnaan Gram, dilanjutkan uji biokimia reaksi untuk membedakan golongan Enterobacter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 12 sampel positif mengandung E. coli, 3 sampel mengandung Klebsiella spp., dan 15 sampel tidak terdeteksi sama sekali. Hasil positif E. coli ditunjukkan dengan koloni bulat berukuran kecil, elevasi semi mucoid, dan fermentasi laktosa positif pada media MCA. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa E. coli dapat ditemukan pada sampel urine pasien ISK di Rumah Sakit Bayangkara Kediri.Abstract Urinary tract infection (UTI) is caused by microbial invasion (bacteria) in the urinary tract. The increased of UTI can be affected by a condition of vesicouretral reflux (RVU), urinary tract obstruction, application of new urethral instruments, and septicemia. The incidence of UTI in Bhayangkara Kediri Hospital in 2016 was 346 cases. The objective of this research was to determine the presence of E. coli in UTI patients in the Bhayangkara Kediri Hospital. The large percentage of UTI caused by Escherichia coli encouraged researchers to isolate the bacteria from the urine of UTI patients in the hospital. Accidental sampling with 30 middle portion urine samples (UPT) was carried out. The samples were inoculated onto separate MCA media. Representative bacterial isolates were stained with Gram staining technique and followed by reaction biochemistry tests to distinguish Enterobacter groups. The results showed that 12 urine samples contained E. coli, 3 urine samples contained Klebsiella spp., while 15 urine samples were negative (not containing bacteria). The positive results of E. coli showed small rounded, elevation of semi mucoid colonies, and positive lactose fermentation on the MCA media. It showed that E. coli indeed exists in the urine samples of UTI patients in Bayangkara Kediri Hospital.
MODEL FUZZY LOGIC BERBASIS ANFIS DALAM PENENTUAN POLA TANAM Oryza sativa
Authors: Gusmira Eva , Susanti Try , Ma’rufi Arif
Published: October 2018

AbstrakPergeseran datangnya musim hujan akan menyebabkan kegagalan panen dan akan merugikan petani. Untuk mengatasi hal ini dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk memprediksi pola tanam padi dan waktu tanam yang sesuai berdasarkan tabiat data curah hujan selama lima belas tahun (2001–2015) di Kabupaten Kerinci Provinsi Jambi. Daerah penelitian meliputi empat kecamatan yang didasarkan dari luasnya sawah tadah hujan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik survei. Prediksi curah hujan digunakan metode analisis Fuzzy Logic berbasis ANFIS. Data yang digunakan adalah data curah hujan bulanan observasi 10 tahun yaitu dari tahun 2006–2015. Data diambil dari Stasiun Iklim Jambi. Data asimilasi diambil selama 15 tahun yaitu dari tahun 2001–2015. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan pola curah hujan bulanan rata-rata di setiap kecamatan berbentuk pola ekuatorial dengan dua puncak curah hujan yaitu pada bulan April dan November. Waktu tanam dapat dilakukan dua kali dalam setahun, waktu tanam pertama dimulai pada bulan Maret dan waktu tanam kedua pada bulan Oktober. Hasil analisa dapat digunakan pemerintah Kabupaten Kerinci sebagai acuan dalam memberikan sosialisasi kepada petani mengenai pola tanam dan waktu tanam padi sehingga dapat menghasilkan panen yang optimal.Abstract The shift in the coming rainy season will cause crop failure and will harm the farmers. To overcome this study conducted to predict rice cropping pattern and appropriate planting time based on the characteristics of rainfall data for fifteen years (2001–2015) in Kerinci Regency of Jambi Province. The research area covers four districts based on the number of rainfall rice fields. The method  used a  descriptive method with the survey technique. The prediction of rainfall is used ANFIS Fuzzy Logic analysis method. The data is used  the monthly rainfall data with observation  for 10 years from 2006 to 2015. The data had taken from the Jambi Climate Station.  The assimilation data had taken for 15 years from 2001 to 2015. The results of this study showed the average monthly rainfall pattern in each sub-district in the form of equatorial pattern with two peaks rainfall that is in April and November. Planting time can be done twice a year, the first planting time begins in March and the second planting time in October. The result of analysis can be used by the Kerinci Regency government as a reference in providing socialization to farmers regarding cropping patterns and planting time of rice so that they can produce maximum crop yield.