STUDY OF CONDUCTIVE MATERIALS BY MEANS OF A MULTI-FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT SYSTEM BASED ON MICROMINIATURE EDDY CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
Authors: Dmitriev S. F. , Ishkov A. V. , Katasonov A. O. , Malikov V. N. , Sagalakov A. M. 
Published: April 2021

A measurement system has been developed that is based on an eddy current transformer and allows evaluating the applicability of the eddy current method for detecting local defects of products made of an aluminium-magnesium alloy. The paper describes the design of a microminiature eddy current transformer (ECT) with an excitation, measurement and compensation windings that uses a pyramidal core that enables localization of the magnetic field within an area about 2500 square мm. The distinctive feature of the measurement system consists in the ability to detect deep defects (up to 5 mm). The paper sets forth the primary parameters of the transformer that enable the magnetic field localization (shape, material and size of the core, number of the windings and number of loops). It also describes the process of preparation and application of several ECTs with different core and winding parameters. That allowed the ETCs generating different electromagnetic fields and reacting to the changes in that field with varied efficiency. Optimal ECT size for identifying defects in aluminium-magnesium alloys was established (pyramidal shape of the core, base 400 мm in diagonal, edge 4 mm long, 20 loops of the excitation winding, 200 loops of the measurement winding, 200±40 loops of the compensation winding). The paper describes the design of the measurement system and the measurement method that allows finding defects with the linear size of 0.25 mm situated 5 mm below the surface or more depending on the signal received from the eddy current transformer. The measurement system includes two microminiature transformers controlled by special C++ software. Voltage to the excitation winding was applied by an integrated rectangular wave generator. This setup allowed creating a magnetic field with minimal noise. The voltage of the excitation winding varied from 2 to 3V. The transformers output signal was processed in a hardware filtering system described in this paper. The distinctive feature of the measurement system is the synchronous change of the measurement signal generation frequency and filtration frequency. That enables efficient extraction of the useful signal that carries information on the defects of the tested object. The paper sets forth data that demonstrate the dependence of the amplitude part of the signal from the defects of various sizes and experimentally establishes the limit defect sizes under which such measurements are possible. The research covered objects in the form of aluminium-magnesium plates (94% Al, 3% Mg). Amplitude changes due to the linear sizes of the defects and the depth of their situation. The nature of such changes allows identifying the defects’ parameters. Depending on the size and depth of the defects, the change of the amplitude associated with the transformer passing above the defect were from 2.5V (for a defect 0.25 mm wide situated 1 mm from the surface) to 0.1V (for a defect 0.25 mm wide situated 5 mm from the surface).