Burden and Epidemiology of Snakebite Envenoming in Tanzania
Authors:   Department of clinical research, National institute for medical research, Dodoma Medical research Centre, Dodoma, Tanzania, Kapyolo Eliakimu Paul , Mabega Ndakibae Gabriel ,   Department of Health Research Information and Regulatory Affairs, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Mwingá Gerald Phares ,   Department of clinical research, National institute for medical research, Dodoma Medical research Centre, Dodoma, Tanzania, Mange Fransis Basanda ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania, Thomas Nagai Honest ,   Department of clinical research, National institute for medical research, Dodoma Medical research Centre, Dodoma, Tanzania, Mkama Yusuph John ,   Department of clinical research, National institute for medical research, Dodoma Medical research Centre, Dodoma, Tanzania, Jaffu Derick Richard ,   Department of clinical research, National institute for medical research, Dodoma Medical research Centre, Dodoma, Tanzania, Mnyagatwa Petro Michael ,   Department of clinical research, National institute for medical research, Dodoma Medical research Centre, Dodoma, Tanzania, Chilongani Joseph Elieza ,   Department of clinical research, National institute for medical research, Dodoma Medical research Centre, Dodoma, Tanzania, Mageni Lutambi Angelina ,   Department of clinical research, National institute for medical research, Dodoma Medical research Centre, Dodoma, Tanzania, Matemba Lucas Eliaimringi ,   Department of clinical research, National institute for medical research, Dodoma Medical research Centre, Dodoma, Tanzania
Published: April 2024

Background: Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a pressing public health issue in tropical countries. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the burden and epidemiology of SBE in Tanzania, undermining advocacy and the implementation of necessary prevention and control measures. Methods: From June to September 2022, both health facility-based and community-based survey was conducted to collect data of the snakebite incidents that occurred between 2017 and 2021 in five regions of Tanzania; Pwani, Manyara, Tabora, Katavi, and Ruvuma. Data were analysed using STATA and summarized by tables and narrative descriptions. Results: A total of 869 snakebite incidents were registered, resulting in 18 deaths. The estimated annual incidence, and mortality rates were 105.6, and 2.2 per 100,000 people, respectively. Pwani and Tabora regions exhibited a higher proportion of cases, accounting for 26% (226) and 23.4% (203) respectively. Males constituted the majority of cases, representing 52.5% (456), and individuals aged 10 to 59 years were most affected, accounting for approximately 85% of cases. The incidents commonly occurred during agricultural activities (31.5% or 219 cases) and while walking on rural roads (32% or 221 cases). Furthermore, snakebites were more prevalent during the dry season (34% or 295 cases) and the rainy season (25% or 218 cases). Factors such as time of day, season, circumstances/activities, occupation, age, and education level were found to be significantly associated with snakebite incidents. Conclusion: This study underscore the significant impact of SBE in Tanzania, affecting individuals of all age groups, particularly farmers. Urgent collaborative efforts are required to address and mitigate the consequences of SBE in the country.