bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of a tissue-level failure evaluation standard for rat femoral cortical bone utilizing a hybrid computational–experimental method
Authors: Fan Ruoxun , Liu Jie , Jia Zhengbin , Deng Ying , Liu Jun
Published: November 2017

Macro-level failure in bone structure could be diagnosed by pain or physical examination. However, diagnosing tissue-level failure in a timely manner is challenging due to the difficulty in observing the interior mechanical environment of bone tissue. Because most fractures begin with tissue-level failure in bone tissue caused by continually applied loading, people attempt to monitor the tissue-level failure of bone and provide corresponding measures to prevent fracture. Many tissue-level mechanical parameters of bone could be predicted or measured; however, the value of the parameter may vary among different specimens belonging to a kind of bone structure even at the same age and anatomical site. These variations cause difficulty in representing tissue-level bone failure. Therefore, determining an appropriate tissue-level failure evaluation standard is necessary to represent tissue-level bone failure. In this study, the yield and failure processes of rat femoral cortical bones were primarily simulated through a hybrid computational–experimental method. Subsequently, the tissue-level strains and the ratio between tissue-level failure and yield strains in cortical bones were predicted. The results indicated that certain differences existed in tissue-level strains; however, slight variations in the ratio were observed among different cortical bones. Therefore, the ratio between tissue-level failure and yield strains for a kind of bone structure could be determined. This ratio may then be regarded as an appropriate tissue-level failure evaluation standard to represent the mechanical status of bone tissue.
‘It really is about telling people who asylum seekers really are, because we are human like anybody else’: Negotiating victimhood in refugee advocacy work
Authors: Wroe Lauren Elizabeth
Published: November 2017

This article explores how refugee advocates, and refugees themselves, manage social hostility towards refugees and migrants through their talk, specifically how this hostility is managed through orientation to the category ‘victim’. Case studies from the publicity materials of four advocacy organisations, as well as the ‘internal’ talk of their staff, volunteers and beneficiaries collected via Narrative Biographical Interviews, are analysed using discourse analytic methods, specifically Membership Categorisation Analysis. This allows insight into the differing aspects of the organisation’s talk and allows analysis of how orientation to the victim category is distributed and managed across the ‘dialogical network’. This discourse analytic approach, sensitive to how members of the ‘dialogical network’ make hostile and sympathetic voices relevant features of their local talk and manage categorisations of refugees in often tacit ways, highlights a pattern of category change, where a reworking of the dominant modes of refugee representation performed by the organisations in their publicity materials is achieved by their members and beneficiaries. The category work negotiated by advocate and refugee informants rearranges the components of the helping relationship, centring the experience, voice and strength of asylum seekers/refugees, and de-centres the objectives of the helping organisations – offering insights into new ways forward for refugee advocacy as a practice of solidarity beyond charity.
Distribution of date elements and its relationship to the types of digital libraries: Analysing aggregated metadata of a Polish large-scale distributed system
Authors: Osinska Veslava , Matusiak Krystyna K. , Kowalska Malgorzata , Bednarek-Michalska Bozena , Malak Piotr
Published: November 2017

Large-scale distributed digital library systems with aggregated metadata provide platforms for resource discovery and retrieval. For researchers, aggregated metadata offers a potential for big data analysis and exploration of digital knowledge growth. The paper reports the findings of the study that investigated the distribution of the date elements in the metadata aggregated in the Polish Federation of Digital Libraries and related it to the types of libraries. The purpose of this study was to address the gap in research about heterogeneous digital libraries and explore the dynamics of their growth. The authors included timeline characteristics of the development of Polish digital libraries and proposed a new dynamics parameter – resource release interval. They used histograms, which have been grouped according to the organizational and thematic criteria, developed for this study. All charts are characterized by two similar maximum points. Their shapes and ratio have been analysed by both statistical and visual methods. The shape of resource release interval charts revealed characteristic differences for libraries types. The proposed approach, based on time characteristics, is an important step in the development of systematic classification of digital libraries and digitizing institutions. It can be also considered as a new tool in monitoring the dynamics of digital knowledge growth.
Are latent variable models preferable to composite score approaches when assessing risk factors of change? Evaluation of type-I error and statistical power in longitudinal cognitive studies
Authors: Proust-Lima Cécile , Philipps Viviane , Dartigues Jean-François , Bennett David A. , Glymour M Maria , Jacqmin-Gadda Hélène , Samieri Cécilia
Published: November 2017

As with many health constructs, cognition is difficult to measure accurately; it is assessed by multiple psychometric tests. Two approaches are commonly adopted to address this multivariate aspect in longitudinal analyses: the composite score approach summarizes the tests into a single outcome and subsequently analyzes its change; the multivariate approach relates the tests to the underlying cognitive level and simultaneously analyzes its change. We compared the quality of inference of these approaches in a simulation study based on three combinations of tests inspired by two population-based cohorts. In the absence of missing data and with relatively Gaussian psychometric tests, the composite score approach provided similar type-I error rates and statistical power as the multivariate latent process approach. In the more plausible scenario with departures from normality, transformations of each constituent test or of the composite score were required to avoid excess type-I error rates. When missing tests were more likely in cognitively impaired subjects, inference with the composite was not correct. In conclusion, composite scores can be used to assess risk factors for cognitive change provided they are correctly normalized, constituent tests are reliable and the amount of uninformative missing tests remains small. Otherwise, latent variable models are recommended.
Lying to patients with dementia: Attitudes versus behaviours in nurses
Authors: Cantone Daniela , Attena Francesco , Cerrone Sabrina , Fabozzi Antonio , Rossiello Riccardo , Spagnoli Laura , Pelullo Concetta Paola
Published: November 2017

Background:

Using lies, in dementia care, reveals a common practice far beyond the diagnosis and prognosis, extending to the entire care process.

Objectives:

In this article, we report results about the attitude and the behaviour of nurses towards the use of lies to patients with dementia.

Research design:

An epidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2016 and February 2017 in 12 elderly residential facilities and in the geriatric, psychiatric and neurological wards of six specialised hospitals of Italy’s Campania Region.

Participants:

In all, 106 nurses compiled an attitude questionnaire (A) where the main question was ‘Do you think it is ethically acceptable to use lies to patients with dementia?’, instead 106 nurses compiled a behaviour questionnaire (B), where the main question was ‘Have you ever used lies to patients with dementia?’

Ethical considerations:

Using lies in dementia care, although topic ethically still controversial, reveals a common practice far beyond the diagnosis and prognosis, extending to the entire care process.

Findings:

Only a small percentage of the interviewed nurses stated that they never used lies/that it is never acceptable to use lies (behaviour 10.4% and attitude 12.3%; p = 0.66). The situation in which nurses were more oriented to use lies was ‘to prevent or reduce aggressive behaviors’. Indeed, only the 6.7% in the attitude group and 3.8% in the behaviour group were against using lies. On the contrary, the case in which the nurses were less oriented to use lies was ‘to avoid wasting time giving explanations’, in this situation were against using lies the 51.0% of the behaviour group and the 44.6% of the attitude group.

Conclusion:

Our results, according to other studies, support the hypothesis of a low propensity of nurses to ethical reflection about use of lies. In our country, the implementation of guidelines about a correct use of lie in the relationship between health operators and patients would be desirable.
Book Review: Tilak Devasher, Pakistan: Courting the Abyss
Authors: Kumar Satish
Published: November 2017

Tilak Devasher, Pakistan: Courting the Abyss. Noida: Harper Collins, 2016, pp. 450. ₹599. ISBN: 978-93-5264-177-2.
The Oncology Family App: Providing Information and Support for Families Caring for Their Child With Cancer
Authors: Slater Penelope J. , Fielden Philippa E. , Bradford Natalie K.
Published: November 2017

The Oncology Family App supports families across the vast state of Queensland, Australia, with easy access to vital information, including management plans for a deteriorating child, patient specific information and other resources. This article describes the development and evaluation of this mobile app. The app was developed and tested in collaboration with parents, caregivers, and clinicians and released in November 2015. This first version featured “Statewide Hospital Contacts,” including phone numbers, links to Google maps, and 24-hour emergency contacts with click to call functionality; “When to Call” describing symptoms to look out for in a deteriorating child; “Blood Results Table”; and “Information” listing recommended websites, health care team contacts, appointments, and notes. The app was evaluated through interviews with parents, caregivers and patients and download metrics. Six months after the app release, 68% of the 38 parents and caregivers surveyed had downloaded the app. The most used modules were “Blood Results Table,” “When to Call,” and “Statewide Hospital Contacts,” but families reported using all features available. Families were enthusiastic about the support the app provided and gave useful feedback to direct future development. Using mobile health technology to support families is a novel, but rapidly growing concept. Family and caregiver feedback showed that the Oncology Family App was an efficient and convenient way to provide much needed information. A new version of the app is under development and evaluation of outcomes will be ongoing.
Educational Approaches and Contexts in the Development of a Heritage Museum
Authors: Dorfsman Marcelo I. , Horenczyk Gabriel
Published: November 2017

Background: Educational museums are composed of objects, documents, and narratives that together create a learning experience. Existing models of museum education tend to analyze the visitor experience, but rarely take into consideration the unique characteristics and challenges of multicultural heritage museums. Purpose: This article proposes a conceptual model of experiential multicultural museum education that delineates teaching approaches in multicultural museum education. Methodology/Approach: The article is grounded in the framework of conceptual research aimed at identifying and clarifying key characteristics and educational concepts raised by museum’s designers and educators. The analysis it presents is based on insights learned during the design of the Interactive Jewish Museum of Chile. Findings/Conclusions: The major contribution of this article is the development of a conceptual model that allows for the identification of three approaches in multicultural museum education: the academic-educational approach, the artistic approach, and the identity-cultural approach. Implications: Our model can be applied to other heritage museums, and can be useful for the training and development of formal and informal educators interested in including multicultural heritage museums as experiential learning spaces.
Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on postoperative respiratory and heart rate in cats subjected to ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Höglund Odd V , Dyall Barbara , Gräsman Victoria , Edner Anna , Olsson Ulf , Höglund Katja
Published: November 2017

Objectives

The use of physiological parameters such as respiratory rate and heart rate to assess pain has long been discussed. The aim of the study was to compare postoperative respiratory rate and heart rate in cats subjected to flank ovariohysterectomy treated with a preoperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) or no NSAID, and determine whether these parameters are suitable for postoperative pain assessment in cats. We hypothesised that cats without an NSAID would experience more postoperative pain, which may increase heart rate and respiratory rate.

Methods

A total of 168 female privately owned cats were studied. All cats were premedicated with medetomidine (0.08 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) subcutaneously and anaesthesia was induced with intramuscular ketamine (5 mg/kg). Cats were divided into subgroups; controls (no NSAID) or cats given an NSAID, carprofen (4 mg/kg) or meloxicam (0.3 mg/kg), at premedication or induction of anaesthesia. Cats were subjected to flank ovariohysterectomy by the same surgeon. Atipamezole was administered 2.5 h after induction of anaesthesia. Respiratory rate and heart rate were measured 3.5 h after the induction of anaesthesia. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA with mixed procedure and Tukey’s adjustment method for multiplicity.

Results

The postoperative respiratory rate and heart rate per minute for all cats were 34.0 ± 8.6 and 167.5 ± 27.4, respectively. Neither respiratory rate nor heart rate differed significantly between the control group and the NSAID groups or between different time points of administration of NSAIDs.

Conclusion and relevance

Assuming there was less postoperative pain in the group administered NSAIDs, the results of the study presented no support for use of respiratory rate and heart rate as parameters for postoperative pain assessment in individual cats. Study limitations included a lack of pain scoring and baseline data for respiratory rate and heart rate.
Simple combustion model for a diesel engine with multiple fuel injections
Authors: Yamasaki Yudai , Ikemura Ryosuke , Takahashi Motoki , Shimizu Fumiya , Kaneko Shigehiko
Published: November 2017

Engine systems must continuously increase their thermal efficiencies and lower their emissions in real operation. To meet these demands, engine systems are increasingly improving their transient performance through control technology. Conventional engine control systems depend on control maps obtained from huge numbers of experiments, which is necessarily limited by the available number of man-hours. These time-consuming control maps are now being replaced by control inputs derived from on-board models. By calculating optimized control inputs in real time using various information, model-based control increases the robustness of advanced combustion technologies such as premixed charge compression ignition and homogeneous charge compression ignition, which use auto-ignition and combustion of air–fuel mixtures. Models also incur relatively low computational loads because the specifications of the engine control unit are lower than those of current smartphones. This article develops a simple diesel combustion model with model-based control of the multiple fuel injections. The model employs the discretized cycle concept based on fundamental thermodynamic equations and comprises simple fuel injection and chemical reaction models. Our control concept aims mainly to decrease the fuel consumption by increasing the thermal efficiency and reduce the combustion noise in real-world operation. The model predicts the peak in-cylinder gas pressure and its timing that minimize the combustion noise and maximize the thermal efficiency, respectively. In an experimental validation of the model, the computed and measured in-cylinder pressures were well matched at each phase under various parameter settings. In addition, the calculation time of the model is sufficiently short for on-board applications. In future, the proposed model will be extended to the design and installation of controllers for engine systems. The control concept and associated problems of this task are also described in this article.
Intersections of Physician Autonomy, Religion, and Health Care When Working With LGBT+ Patients
Authors: Prairie Tara M. , Wrye Bethany , Murfree Sarah
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study is to explore the ways that some health care providers perceive the intersectionality of their autonomy, religious faith, and their medical practice, specifically when it comes to providing care for the LGBT+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual) community. Physicians (n = 25) and medical residents (n = 17) located in the southeast completed a qualitative survey regarding their views of working with LGBT+ patients. Five main themes resulted from the analysis: adequate education, communication, discrimination, duty versus physician autonomy, and religious exemption. In this analysis, we focus specifically on duty versus physician autonomy and religious exemption since the other themes have been addressed in literature. The physicians and medical residents in this sample were divided among groups on the right to refuse treatment. Although there was not a question specific to religion, participants discussed religion in their responses to whether they believe in the right to refuse treatment. This division supports the need to decrease the current gap in knowledge regarding how religious views can affect physician treatment of LGBT+ patients and research effective ways to bridge the gap between physician autonomy and the duty to provide treatment.
Reading the Mind or Only the Story? Sharing Fiction to Develop ToM With Deaf Children
Authors: Chilton Helen , Beazley Sarah M.
Published: November 2017

In literature which discusses the Theory of Mind (ToM) of deaf children, the lens is usually focused on the child. Here, the lens is directed toward the practitioners and the potential they have to support the development of ToM. In considering a practice-focused approach, we report on the strategies used by five educators of five deaf children (aged between 4 and 8 years old) while using fiction books to explore the topic of thoughts and feelings. Observation of the book-sharing activities highlighted opportunities to view ToM as a multidimensional construct and identified a plethora of strategies in use in exploring first-order ToM. However, these strategies did not automatically expose deaf children to second-order and higher order concepts. Points are raised about the need for evidence-based practice in the use of strategies to support the refining and progression of ToM in deaf children and the sharing of applied knowledge within the profession.
DNA Repair Mechanism Gene, XRCC1A (Arg194Trp) but not XRCC3 (Thr241Met) Polymorphism Increased the Risk of Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Females: A Case–Control Study in Northeastern Region of India
Authors: Devi K. Rekha , Ahmed Jishan , Narain Kanwar , Mukherjee Kaustab , Majumdar Gautam , Chenkual Saia , Zonunmawia Jason C.
Published: November 2017

X-ray repair cross complementary group gene is one of the most studied candidate gene involved in different types of cancers. Studies have shown that X-ray repair cross complementary genes are significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer in females. Moreover, studies have revealed that X-ray repair cross complementary gene polymorphism significantly varies between and within different ethnic groups globally. The present case–control study was aimed to investigate the association of X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) and X-ray repair cross complementary 3 (Thr241Met) polymorphism with the risk of breast cancer in females from northeastern region of India. The present case–control study includes histopathologically confirmed and newly diagnosed 464 cases with breast cancer and 534 apparently healthy neighborhood community controls. Information on sociodemographic factors and putative risk factors were collected from each study participant by conducting face-to-face interviews. Genotyping of X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) and X-ray repair cross complementary 3 (Thr241Met) was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. For statistical analysis, both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. We also performed stratified analysis to find out the association of X-ray repair cross complementary genes with the risk of breast cancer stratified based on menstrual status. This study revealed that tryptophan allele (R/W-W/W genotype) in X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) gene significantly increased the risk of breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.97, P < .05 for R/W-W/W genotype). Moreover, it was found that tryptophan allele (W/W genotype) at codon 194 of X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) gene significantly increased the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal females (crude odds ratio = 1.66, 95% confidence interval = 1.11-2.46, P < .05 for R/W-W/W genotype). The present study did not reveal any significant association of X-ray repair cross complementary 3 (Thr241Met) polymorphism with the risk of breast cancer. The present study has explored that X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) gene polymorphism is significantly associated with the increased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal females from northeastern region of India which may be beneficial for prognostic purposes.
Baker’s Yeast Sensitizes Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells to Paclitaxel In Vitro
Authors: Badr El-Din Nariman K. , Mahmoud Ashraf Z. , Hassan Tahia Ali , Ghoneum Mamdooh
Published: November 2017

Our earlier studies have demonstrated that phagocytosis of baker’s yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) induces apoptosis in different cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to examine how baker’s yeast sensitizes murine and human breast cancer cells (BCC) to paclitaxel in vitro. This sensitizing effect makes lower concentrations of chemotherapy more effective at killing cancer cells, thereby enhancing the capacity of treatment. Three BCC lines were used: the metastatic murine 4T1 line, the murine Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) line, and the human breast cancer MCF-7 line. Cells were cultured with different concentrations of paclitaxel in the presence or absence of baker’s yeast. Cell survival and the IC50 values were determined by MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion method. Percent of DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell proliferation were examined by flow cytometry. Yeast alone and paclitaxel alone significantly decreased 4T1 cell viability postculture (24 and 48 hours), caused DNA damage, increased apoptosis, and suppressed cell proliferation. Baker’s yeast in the presence of paclitaxel increased the sensitivity of 4T1 cells to chemotherapy and caused effects that were greater than either treatment alone. The chemosensitizing effect of yeast was also observed with murine EAC cells and human MCF-7 cells, but to a lesser extent. These data suggest that dietary baker’s yeast is an effective chemosensitizer and can enhance the apoptotic capacity of paclitaxel against breast cancer cells in vitro. Baker’s yeast may represent a novel adjuvant for chemotherapy treatment.
Endovascular Renal Artery Stent Retriever Embolectomy in a Young Patient With Cardiac Myxoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Silva Michael A. , See Alfred P. , Shah Samir K. , Khandelwal Priyank , Patel Nirav J. , Lyu Heather , Menard Matthew T. , Aziz-Sultan Mohammad Ali
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

Cardiac myxomas are common tumors of the heart with disproportionate impact on young patients, occasionally with dramatic systemic dissemination of tumor emboli with catastrophic multiorgan system ischemia. The coincident comorbidities can increase the risk of traditional treatments for tumor embolus in each region.

Case report:

A young patient with previously unknown cardiac myxoma presented with seizure and was found to have stress cardiomyopathy, multiple cerebral large vessel occlusions with acute ischemic stroke, bilateral lower extremity tumor emboli and rhabdomyolysis, and renal tumor embolus with acute tubular necrosis. We describe a multidisciplinary approach applying cerebrovascular stent retriever devices in tumor embolectomy of the renal artery of a young patient with systemic morbidity, preventing safe laparotomy for open surgical tumor embolectomy.

Conclusion:

We describe 2-month renal function outcomes and the considerations in applying a neuroendovascular mechanical thrombectomy device within the renal artery. This was a radiographically successful technique and her renal function appears to be improving at the 2-month follow-up, although this is complicated by other renal insults and support.
Modern Fixed Imaging Systems Reduce Radiation Exposure to Patients and Providers
Authors: Stangenberg Lars , Shuja Fahad , van der Bom I. Martijn J. , van Alfen Martine H. G. , Hamdan Allen D. , Wyers Mark C. , Guzman Raul J. , Schermerhorn Marc L.
Published: November 2017

High-definition fluoroscopic imaging is required to perform endovascular procedures safely and precisely, especially in complex cases, resulting in longer procedures and increased radiation exposure. This is of importance for training institutions as trainees, even with sound instruction in as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principles, tend to have high radiation exposures. Recently, there was an upgrade in the imaging system allowing for comparison of radiation exposure to patients and providers. We performed an analysis of consecutive endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and superficial femoral artery (SFA) interventions in the years 2013 to 2014. We recorded body mass index (BMI) and fluoroscopy time (FT) and subsequently matched 1:1 based on BMI, FT, or both. We determined radiation dose using air kerma (AK) and also recorded individual surgeons’ badge readings. Allura Xper FD20 was upgraded to AlluraClarity with ClarityIQ. We identified a total of 77 EVARs (52 pre and 25 post) and 134 SFA interventions (99 pre and 35 post). Unmatched results for EVAR were BMI pre 26.2 versus post 25.8 (kg/m2, P = .325), FT 28.1 versus 21.2 (minutes, P = .051), and AK 1178.5 versus 581 (mGy, P < .001), respectively. After matching, there was a 53.2% reduction in AK (846.1 vs 395.9 mGy; P = .004) for EVAR. Unmatched results for SFA interventions were BMI pre 28.1 versus post 26.6 ( P = .327), FT 18.7 versus 16.2 ( P = .282), and AK 285.6 versus 106.0 ( P < .001), respectively. After matching, there was a 57.0% reduction in AK (305.0 vs 131.3, P < .001). The total deep dose equivalent from surgeons’ badge readings decreased from 39.5 to 17 mrem ( P = .029). Aortic and peripheral endovascular interventions can be performed with reduced radiation exposure to patients and providers, employing modern fixed imaging systems with advanced dose reduction technology. This is of particular importance in the light of the increasing volume and complexity of endovascular and hybrid procedures as well as the prospect of decades of radiation exposure during training and practice.
An agent-based modeling framework for cybersecurity in mobile tactical networks
Authors: Thompson Brian , Morris-King James
Published: November 2017

Mobile tactical networks facilitate communication, coordination, and information dissemination between soldiers in the field. Their increasing use provides important benefits, yet also makes them a prime enemy target. Furthermore, their dynamic, distributed, and ad-hoc nature makes them particularly vulnerable to cyber attack. Unfortunately, most existing research on cybersecurity in mobile ad-hoc networks either uses simplistic mobility models that are easier to analyze mathematically or focuses on modeling the dynamics of civilian networks.

In this work, we present an agent-based modeling framework to study malware spread in mobile tactical networks. Our framework includes military-inspired models of hierarchical command structure, unit movement, communication over short-range radio, self-propagating malware, and cyber defense mechanisms. We implement several example scenarios representing military units engaged in tactical operations on a synthetic battlefield. Finally, we conduct a case study, using agent-based simulation to analyze the impact of hierarchy and cybersecurity policies on malware spread. Our results support the claim that agent-based modeling is particularly well-suited for representing the complex organizational and spatial structures inherent to military operations, and we urge others to incorporate the key elements of our framework into existing modeling tools when performing studies of cyber attacks on mobile tactical networks and corresponding cybersecurity measures.
Barriers to and Facilitators of Help-Seeking Behavior Among Men Who Experience Sexual Violence
Authors: Donne Martina Delle , DeLuca Joseph , Pleskach Pavel , Bromson Christopher , Mosley Marcus P. , Perez Edward T. , Mathews Shibin G. , Stephenson Rob , Frye Victoria
Published: November 2017

Research on sexual violence and related support services access has mainly focused on female victims; there is still a remarkable lack of research on men who experience sexual violence. Research demonstrates that people who both self-identify as men and are members of sexual-orientation minority populations are at higher risk of sexual violence. They are also less likely to either report or seek support services related to such experiences. The present study is an exploratory one aimed at filling the gap in the literature and better understanding how men, both straight and gay as well as cisgender and transgender, conceptualize, understand, and seek help related to sexual violence. A sample of 32 men was recruited on-line and participated in either a one-on-one in-depth interview ( N = 19) or one of two focus group discussions ( N = 13). All interviews and groups were audiotaped, professionally transcribed and coded using NVivo 9 qualitative software. The present analysis focused on barriers to and facilitators of support service access. Emergent and cross-cutting themes were identified and presented, with an emphasis on understanding what factors may prevent disclosure of a sexual violence experience and facilitate seeking support services and/or professional help. Through this analysis, the research team aims to add knowledge to inform the development of tools to increase service access and receipt, for use by both researchers and service professionals. Although this study contributes to the understanding of the issue of men’s experiences of sexual violence, more research with diverse populations is needed.
RNF11 negatively regulates antiviral signaling and incites inflammatory response in chicken embryo fibroblast
Authors: Tian Kai , Lan Xi , Zhu Qing , Liu Ling-Bin , Yin Hua-Dong , Zhao Xiao-Ling , Li Di-Yan , Zhang Yao , Wang Yan
Published: November 2017

RNF11 (RING finger protein 11) has been indicated to be related to numerous immunological diseases. As a neo-regulator in innate immunity, RNF11 was proved to inhibit antiviral signaling and interferon-β (IFN-β) production in human cell line. Chicken antiviral signaling pathway is different with other species. However, there is little study about the role of RNF11 in chicken antiviral signaling pathway and inflammatory response. This study was designed to identify the function of RNF11 in chicken antiviral signaling pathway and inflammatory response. We overexpressed and interfered RNF11 in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) and then used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to investigate the poly (I:C)-induced production of IFN-β and inflammatory response factors IL2 and IL10. The results indicated that RNF11 extremely significantly decreased the production of IFN-β and highly significantly increased the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of IL2 and IL10, but depletion of RNF11 obtained inverse results. Thus, we concluded that RNF11 not only can inhibit antiviral signaling but also plays an important role in inflammatory response in chicken.
Fixation of proximal pole scaphoid nonunion with non-vascularized cancellous autograft
Authors: Luchetti Timothy J. , Rao Allison J. , Fernandez John J. , Cohen Mark S. , Wysocki Robert W.
Published: November 2017

We present 20 patients with established proximal pole scaphoid nonunions treated with curettage and cancellous autograft from the distal radius and screw fixation. Fractures with significant proximal pole fragmentation were excluded. Patients were treated at a mean of 26 weeks after injury (range 12–72). Union occurred in 18 of 20 patients (90%) based on computed tomographic imaging. The two nonunions that did not heal were treated with repeat curettage and debridement and iliac crest bone grafting without revision of fixation. Union was achieved in both at a mean of 11 weeks after the revision procedures. Our findings suggest that non-vascularized cancellous autograft and antegrade fixation is a useful option for the treatment of proximal pole scaphoid nonunions.

Level of evidence: IV
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of subcutaneous versus intramuscular leuprolide acetate formulations in male subjects
Authors: Saltzstein Daniel , Shore Neal D. , Moul Judd W. , Chu Franklin , Concepcion Raoul , de la Motte Stephan , McLane John A. , Atkinson Stuart , Yang Alex , Crawford E. David
Published: November 2017

Background:

The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of two distinct formulations of leuprolide acetate (LA); subcutaneous (SC) injection and intramuscular (IM) injection.

Methods:

A total of 32 healthy men were randomized to receive a single 7.5 mg injection of SC-LA ( n = 16) or IM-LA ( n = 16) in this phase I, open-label, parallel-group study. PK was assessed via LA concentrations, and PD via serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) concentrations.

Results:

The initial surge of LA was higher for IM-LA than SC-LA (Cmax 27 ± 4.9 versus 19 ± 8.0 ng/ml, respectively), with a shorter tmax (1.0 ± 0.4 versus 2.1 ± 0.8 h). The duration of quantifiable LA concentration was longer for SC-LA (up to 56 versus 42 days for SC-LA and IM-LA, respectively). Median LH concentrations in both groups rapidly increased, followed by gradual decrease. However, SC-LA demonstrated a longer duration of LH suppression, with median levels remaining below 1.0 IU/l through Day 56 compared with IM-LA where LH started to rise by Day 35. Consequently, serum T began to increase by Day 42 in the IM-LA group, with only four subjects maintaining levels ⩽50 ng/dl, compared with 14 subjects in the SC-LA group. By Day 56, 13 SC-LA subjects maintained serum T levels ⩽50 ng/dl. Both SC-LA and IM-LA were well tolerated.

Conclusions:

Both formulations demonstrated consistent delivery of drug over 1 month; however, SC-LA provided a longer duration of action than expected based on the dosing interval. This profile suggests that SC-LA will provide effective suppression of T over a longer period of time, permitting greater injection scheduling flexibility.
Circulating tumor cells in genitourinary tumors
Authors: Massari Francesco , Di Nunno Vincenzo , Comito Francesca , Cubelli Marta , Ciccarese Chiara , Iacovelli Roberto , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Montironi Rodolfo , Ardizzoni Andrea
Published: November 2017

Management of advanced urogenital malignancies has profoundly changed in recent years due to the development of novel targeted drugs that have significantly improved patient’s clinical outcomes. This process has been made possible mainly thanks to better knowledge of tumor genetic alterations and molecular altered pathways. Despite these remarkable results, several issues such as early detection of the disease as well as the research into early markers of recurrence or disease progression still remain an open challenge for clinical research. The detection of circulating tumor cells and circulating DNA appears an attractive option since it is a minimally invasive approach potentially able to allow clinicians an accurate diagnosis and maybe lead to more customized treatment strategies. This review focuses on the current techniques adopted for the detection and isolation of circulating tumor cells in genitourinary tumors highlighting their present and possible future application in clinical practice.
Right Ventricular Function is Important for Pulmonary Artery Banding in Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Felmly Lloyd M. , Savage Andrew J. , Kavarana Minoo N.
Published: November 2017

Small infants with severe left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) carry a poor prognosis with limited therapeutic options. Although mechanical support and heart transplantation are definitive therapies, improvement of left ventricular function with reversible pulmonary artery banding (rPAB) has been described. We report two cases of LVD treated with rPAB. One was successfully temporized, and one progressed to requiring transplantation, indicating that appropriate patient selection is critical to this technique's success.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Patellofemoral Chondromalacia: Is There a Role for T2 Mapping?
Authors: van Eck Carola F. , Kingston R. Scott , Crues John V. , Kharrazi F. Daniel
Published: November 2017

Background:

Patellofemoral pain is common, and treatment is guided by the presence and grade of chondromalacia.

Purpose:

To evaluate and compare the sensitivity and specificity in detecting and grading chondral abnormalities of the patella between proton density fat suppression (PDFS) and T2 mapping magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 25 patients who underwent MRI of the knee with both a PDFS sequence and T2 mapping and subsequently underwent arthroscopic knee surgery were included. The cartilage surface of the patella was graded on both MRI sequences by 2 independent, blinded radiologists. Cartilage was then graded during arthroscopic surgery by a sports medicine fellowship–trained orthopaedic surgeon. Reliability, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were determined for both MRI methods. The findings during arthroscopic surgery were considered the gold standard.

Results:

Intraobserver and interobserver agreement for both PDFS (98.5% and 89.4%, respectively) and T2 mapping (99.4% and 91.3%, respectively) MRI were excellent. For T2 mapping, the sensitivity (61%) and specificity (64%) were comparable, whereas for PDFS there was a lower sensitivity (37%) but higher specificity (81%) in identifying cartilage abnormalities. This resulted in a similar accuracy for PDFS (59%) and T2 mapping (62%).

Conclusion:

Both PDFS and T2 mapping MRI were reliable but only moderately accurate in predicting patellar chondromalacia found during knee arthroscopic surgery.
A clinical audit of thrombophilia testing in pediatric patients with acute thromboembolic events: impact on management
Authors: Gavva Chakri , Sarode Ravindra , Zia Ayesha
Published: November 2017

Key Points

Thrombophilia testing does not affect clinical management in the acute setting after a TEE in children and should be avoided. Potential harms of thrombophilia testing include unnecessary blood draws in children and an estimated cost of $82 000.
Cognitive functioning among poor elderly persons: evidence from Peru
Authors: Novella Rafael , Olivera Javier
Published: November 2017

The recent emergence and expansion of non-contributory pension programmes across low- and middle-income countries responds and contributes to a larger attention towards the population of elderly individuals in developing countries. These programmes are intended to reduce poverty in old age by providing monetary transfers in mean-tested schemes. However, little is known about the most salient characteristics of this population, particularly health outcomes and their relationship with socioeconomic demographics. The aim of this paper is to provide evidence about this relationship in the specific case of cognitive functioning. We exploit the baseline sample of the Peru’s non-contributory pension programmePension 65and find significant relationships between cognitive functioning and retirement, education, nutrition, ethnicity and sex.

JEL Classification:J14, J24
Application of diffusion tensor imaging in quantitatively monitoring chronic constriction injury of rabbit sciatic nerves: correlation with histological and functional changes
Authors: Wu Wenjun , Niu Yanfeng , Kong Xiangquan , Liu Dingxi , Long Xi , Shu Shenglei , Su Xiaoyun , Wang Bing , Liu Xiaoming , Ma Yamei , Wang Lixia
Published: November 2017

Objective:

To investigate the potential of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in quantitatively monitoring chronic constriction injuri (CCI) of sciatic nerves and to analyse the association of DTI parameters with nerve histology and limb function.

Methods:

CCI was created on sciatic nerves in the right hind legs of 20 rabbits with the left as control. DTI parameters—fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD)—and limb function were longitudinally evaluated. Pathology analysis was performed on day 3 (d3), week 1 (w1), 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10.

Results:

FA of the constricted nerves decreased on d3 (0.316 ± 0.044) and increased from w1 to w10 (0.331 ± 0.018, 0.354 ± 0.044, 0.375 ± 0.015, 0.394 ± 0.020, 0.42 ± 0.03 and 0.464 ± 0.039). ADC increased on d3 until w2 (1.502 ± 0.126, 1.462 ± 0.058 and 1.473 ± 0.124 × 10−3 mm2 s−1) and decreased to normal from w4 to w10 (1.356 ± 0.129, 1.375 ± 0.107, 1.290 ± 0.064 and 1.298 ± 0.026 × 10−3 mm2 s−1). AD decreased and stayed low from d3 to w10 (2.042 ± 0.160, 2.005 ± 0.095, 2.057 ± 0.124, 1.952 ± 0.213, 1.988 ± 0.180, 1.947 ± 0.106 and 2.097 ± 0.114). RD increased on d3 (1.233 ± 0.152) and declined from w1 to w10 (1.19 ± 0.06, 1.181 ± 0.14, 1.071 ± 0.102, 1.068 ± 0.084, 0.961 ± 0.063 and 0.923 ± 0.058). FA, ADC and RD correlated significantly with limb functional scores (all Ps < 0.0001) and their changes were associated with histological changes.

Conclusion:

FA, ADC and RD are promising to monitor CCI. AD may be a stable indicator for injury. Histological changes, oedema, axon loss and demyelination, and fibrosis, accompanied the changes of these parameters.

Advances in knowledge:

DTI parameters can detect and monitor acute and chronic changes after nerve compression.
Directional drilling oil and gas wells
Authors: Нескоромных Вячеслав , Neskoromnykh Vyacheslav
Published: November 2017

The basic issues of the theory and technique of directional drilling technology applied to drilling for oil and gas. Provides information on the causes and patterns of curvature of the wells, tools, and technologies for drilling wells along set trajectories, technologies and technical means of the curvature of the wells, the drilling of multilateral wells. Examples of calculations and the basic terminology.
For students enrolled in field of study 21.03.01 "Oil and gas business", training 21.03.01.01 "Drilling oil and gas wells" (fgos VPO – 2015); specialty 21.05.06 "Oil and gas equipment and technologies", specialization "Technology of drilling oil and gas wells" (fgos VPO – 2014).
Reflexiones sobre el estado de flujo de efectivo e ideas para su presentación por el método directo
Authors: Rondi Gustavo Roberto , Casal María del Carmen , Galante Marcelo Javier , Gómez Melisa
Published: November 2017

A los fines de efectuar proyecciones y análisis financieros, la información contenida en el estado de flujo de efectivo debe complementarse con el análisis de los saldos de activos y pasivos operativos vinculados, por lo cual cobra relevancia el método seleccionado para confeccionar el estado.Si se utiliza el método directo para la presentación del flujo de efectivo de las actividades operativas, la lectura y comprensión del estado por parte del usuario es sencilla, pero no es suficiente para el análisis de la vinculación entre el resultado y la generación de fondos del periodo, aspecto fundamental para realizar proyecciones financieras. La presentación por el método indirecto, permite exponer dicha vinculación, pero resulta de difícil comprensión.En este trabajo proponemos dos alternativas para presentar el estado por el método directo, que consolidan las ventajas del mismo en su versión tradicional, con las del método indirecto. Las propuestas incluyen la exposición de información en el cuerpo del estado o en nota complementaria, detallando cómo se determinan las distintas clases de entradas y salidas brutas de efectivo que se exponen por el método directo, partiendo de los resultados devengados y considerando los aumentos o disminuciones de activos y pasivos operativos vinculados.El método directo favorece el análisis vertical del estado de flujo de efectivo y el horizontal a lo largo de dos o más periodos. Asimismo, resulta útil la información que puede obtenerse mediante el cálculo de ratios que vinculan los distintos subtotales de este estado y con algunos del estado de resultados.
El Centro de Emprendedores de la Economía Social (cees) de la ciudad de Santa Fe y su viabilidad de convertirse en un centro de referencia para la Economía Social de la región santafesina
Authors: Sotto Orlando Mariano
Published: November 2017

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar y profundizar el itinerario y las dinámicas desarrolladas en los últimos tres años en el Centro de Emprendedores de la Economía Social (CEES) de la ciudad de Santa Fe, la cual es una experiencia desplegada en forma conjunta por tres diferentes niveles del sector público: el Gobierno Local, el Provincial y la Universidad.Se apunta a indagar si las acciones y actividades desarrolladas por el conjunto de instituciones públicas colaboraron en la consolidación de las prácticas de Economía Social y Solidaria (ESyS) de la región.La metodología utilizada ha sido principalmente técnicas cualitativasde investigación entre las que se incluyen: análisis y lectura bibliográfica, encuentros de trabajo y participación directa en los talleres formativos realizados.Entre los principales resultados se destacan: diseño, articulación, coordinación y evaluación de políticas públicas entre distintos organismos del Estado, fortalecimiento institucional y comercial de emprendedores  (en mayor medida) y asociados de cooperativas de trabajo (en menor medida), mayor visibilidad institucional de las prácticas de ESyS y creación de un espacio de referencia para la ESyS en la región. Con respecto a las conclusiones más relevantes, el CEES se está convirtiendo en una referencia para los emprendedores y cooperativas de trabajo locales, a través de acciones de capacitación, asesoramiento y seguimiento en diferentes temáticas, financiamiento y acceso a diferentes canales de comercialización. Con esos servicios, se busca apoyar la conformación de grupos asociativos y cooperativos con la intención de institucionalizar organizaciones de emprendedores; y generar  instancias propicias para el intercambio de experiencias. Asimismo se está gestando un espacio de gestión asociada entre el sector público y las experiencias de Economía Social de la ciudad, a partir de la planificación participativa.