bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steady‐state cerebral blood flow and dynamic cerebral autoregulation during neck flexion and extension in seated healthy young adults
Authors: Kato Tomokazu , Konishi Toru , Kurazumi Takuya , Ogawa Yojiro , Iwasaki Ken‐ichi
Published: February 2023

Neck flexion and extension show differences in various physiological factors, such as sympathetic nerve activity and intracranial pressure (ICP). We hypothesized that differences would exist in steady‐state cerebral blood flow and dynamic cerebral autoregulation between neck flexion and extension in seated, healthy young adults. Fifteen healthy adults were studied in the sitting position. Data were collected during neck flexion and extension in random order for 6 min each on the same day. Arterial pressure at the heart level was measured using a cuff sphygmomanometer. Mean arterial pressure at the middle cerebral artery (MCA) level (MAPMCA) was calculated by subtracting the hydrostatic pressure difference between heart and MCA levels from mean arterial pressure at the heart level. Non‐invasive cerebral perfusion pressure (nCPP) was estimated as the MAPMCA minus the non‐invasive ICP as determined from transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Waveforms of arterial pressure in the finger and blood velocity in the MCA (MCAv) were obtained. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation was evaluated by transfer function analysis between these waveforms. The results showed that nCPP was significantly higher during neck flexion than during neck extension (p = 0.004). However, no significant differences were observed in mean MCAv (p = 0.752). Likewise, no significant differences were observed in any of the three indices of dynamic cerebral autoregulation in any frequency range. Although non‐invasively estimated cerebral perfusion pressure was significantly higher during neck flexion than during neck extension, no differences in steady‐state cerebral blood flow or dynamic cerebral autoregulation were evident between neck flexion and extension in seated healthy adults.
Magnetic fields with random initial conditions in discs with Kepler rotation curve
Authors: Grachev Denis A. , Mikhailov Evgeny A. , Zhikhareva Ekaterina N.
Published: February 2023

Magnetic fields of various astrophysical objects are described using the dynamo mechanism. Corresponding equations in the three-dimensional case are quite difficult to be solved. So, the two-dimensional models can be useful for such problems. For galactic and accretion discs, it is convenient to use the no-zzapproximation. The initial conditions for the magnetic field have a special interest. It seems that the seed field is generated by the Biermann mechanism, and after that they are transformed by the small-scale dynamo which gives a random structure of the field. Previously it has been shown that random initial conditions can lead to generation of large-scale magnetic field structures which correspond to the galaxies at the moment. In this work, we have studied generation of the magnetic field for the case of Kepler rotation curve, which is mostly suitable to the accretion discs. Here, we have studied the field generation in the thin disc for rapidly changing angular velocity in the case of simple model assumptions.
Trade Policies and FDI with an Endogenous Market Structure
Authors: Hsu Chih-Yi , Hwang Hong , Lin Yan-Shu , Peng Cheng-Hau
Published: February 2023

Given an endogenous market structure, this research investigates the effects of tariff and equivalent quota policies on foreign firms’ FDI decisions. Findings show that foreign firms have symmetric (asymmetric) decisions in terms of FDI versus export under a tariff (quota) policy. Furthermore, FDI is more likely to occur under the tariff than the quota regime, but the former is definitely more (less) desirable than the latter in terms of domestic (world) welfare. Finally, a more cost-efficient firm is more likely to engage in FDI under either the tariff or the quota regime.
The effects of in ovo injected with sodium borate on hatching performance and small intestine morphology in broiler chicks
Authors: Bozkurt Mehmet Fatih , Peşmen Günnur
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of in ovo injection of sodium borate on hatching power, chick weight, chick length in fertile broiler eggs. A total of 256 fertile broiler eggs were incubated in the study. On Day 18 of incubation, two groups were injected with 0.1 mL of 0.5 mg and 1 mg of sodium borate dissolved in saline, and two groups were used as sham control (injected with 0.1 mL of saline) and uninjected control. Hatching power was apparently increased (P ≤ 0.05) by in ovo injection of sodium borate (0.5 mg) rather than control groups and sodium borate (1 mg) group. While there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of chick weights, a significant difference was found between group B and other experimental groups in terms of chick length (P < 0.05). In ovo sodium borate injection (0.5 mg) had a positive effect on villus length, crypt width, villus absorption surface (HASA), and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive crypt cells.
Experimental measurement and numerical predictions of thickness variation and transverse stresses in a concrete ring
Authors: Landry Djopkop Kouanang , Merlin Bodol Momha , Jean Chills Amba , Joseph Nkongho Anyi , Eric Fongho , Ambassa Zoa , Robert Nzengwa
Published: February 2023

Concrete shells are widespread in civil engineering constructions. Because of the moldability of concrete, special structures such as domes, bridge caissons, buried or raised reservoirs, and arch dams are built with concrete. In this study, we are particularly interested in the variation of the thickness and the resulting strains during a short-term mechanical loading of a concrete ring in its elastic phase. On the one hand, transverse stresses through the thickness are calculated numerically by implementing a particular family of finite elements (four degrees of freedom per summit node) with a two-dimensional shell model, which accounts for thickness variations and transverse distortions. On the other hand, an experimental device was mounted in order to validate numerical predictions.
Prediction of effect of wind speed on air pollution level using machine learning technique
Authors: Pandey Anuradha , Kumar Vipin , Rawat Anubhav , Rawal Nekram
Published: February 2023

Air pollution is one of the most challenging issues poses serious threat to human health and environment. The increasing influx of population in metropolitan cities has further worsened the situation. Quantifying the air pollution experimentally is quite a challenging task as it depends on many parameters viz., wind speed, wind temperature, relative humidity, temperature etc. It requires the investment of huge money and manpower for controlling air pollution. Machine learning technique-based computer modelling reduces both of the parameters. In the present work, the dependence of air pollution level on wind speed and temperature has been taken up using machine learning in the form of ANN and LSTM model. The recorded data of air pollution level (PM2.5) is collected from a measurement station of Lucknow city situated at Central School, CPCB. The data is used in an Artificial Neural based network and in an LSTM model to predict suitably the level of air pollution for a known value of average wind speed and temperature without experimental measurements. LSTM model is found to predict the pollution level better than ANN for the developed ANN networks.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the effect of the thermal and mechanical properties of addition liquid silicone rubber modified by carbon nanotubes with different radii
Authors: Guo Lei , Xu Haiyun , Wu Nenghang , Yuan Shuai , Zhou Lijun , Wang Dongyang , Wang Lujia
Published: February 2023

For microscopic analysis of the effect of doping with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of different radii on the thermal and mechanical properties of addition liquid silicone rubber (ALSR) composites, models of pure silicone rubber and silicone rubber composites containing CNTs of different radii were constructed based on a molecular dynamics approach using vinyl-capped polydimethylsiloxane (VPDMS) as the base polymer and polyhydroxymethylsiloxane (PHMS) as the cross-linker. The thermal and mechanical properties and microstructures of the different models were analyzed and compared. It was found that the doping of CNTs could change the thermomechanical properties of the composites, and the doping of CNTs with small radius had a more positive effect on the material, the thermal conductivity, glass transition temperature, and mechanical properties of the composites are improved. Due to the doping of CNTs, the free volume percentage and the mean square displacement of the composites are reduced. It is noteworthy that during the modeling and optimization process, there are molecular chains that pass through the large radius CNTs, and the structural properties of the composite CNTs themselves play a more critical role in the enhancement effect of the thermodynamic properties of the composites compared to the binding energy and free volume.
Do Sociocultural Factors Drive Civic Engagement? An Examination of Political Interest and Religious Attendance
Authors: Piatak Jaclyn
Published: February 2023

The U.S. simultaneously faces declining rates of and barriers to engagement, despite the importance to society and benefits to the participant. Research largely focuses on individual demographics, social, and economic characteristics, but what role do sociocultural factors play in civic engagement? This study examines the influence of political interest and religious attendance on five measures of civic engagement—formal volunteering, informal volunteering, public meeting attendance, voting, and blood donation. Religious attendance plays a greater role in volunteering while political interest plays a greater role in political participation. This work illustrates how different factors relate to different types of engagement. Findings demonstrate the need to move beyond socioeconomic factors to examine sociocultural factors that may influence civic engagement and the need for multiple measures of engagement.
Social factors related to depression during COVID-19
Authors: Aumer Katherine , Erickson Michael A. , Tsukayama Eli
Published: February 2023

Background

Depression can impact both the administration and efficacy of vaccines. Identifying social factors that contribute to depression, especially during a pandemic, is important for both current and future public health issues. Publicly available data can help identify key social factors contributing to depression.

Method

For each US state, information regarding their change in depression as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire 2, predominant political affiliation, coronavirus disease 19 cases/100k, and lockdown severity were gathered. Structural equation modeling using latent change scores was conducted to assess the longitudinal relationships among depression, cases/100k, and state social restrictions.

Results

Higher initial levels of lockdown severity and depression predicted rank-order decreases in themselves over time. Correlations among the latent change variables reveal that changes in lockdown severity are negatively related to changes in cases/100k and changes in lockdown severity are positively related to changes in depression after controlling for the other variables.

Conclusion

Significant rank-order decreases in depression from T1 to T2 in blue states (who tend to vote for Democrats) vs red states (who tend to vote for Republicans) suggest that decreases in depression may be impacted by the population density and/or political views of that state. Rank-order increases in lockdown measures were negatively associated with rank-order increases in COVID-19 infections, demonstrating strong evidence that lockdown measures do help decrease the spread of COVID-19. Political affiliation and/or population density should be measured and assessed to help facilitate future public health efforts.
Twitter Interactions in the Era of the Virtual Academic Conference: A Comparison Between Years
Authors: Albertson Dan , Rogers Monica
Published: February 2023

The goal of this study is to assess variations in interactions over social media at academic conferences when held onsite versus online. Here, Twitter activities from different years of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T AM) are analyzed and reported. Data elements of individual tweets were examined using both primary- and second-level analyses, showing overall participation levels and the number of actions across different variables. The activity level and relative impact on the overall results of users who appeared in both years emerged as a key finding. Twitter activities during both the 2018 (Vancouver) and 2020 (online) ASIS&T AM were collected and compared.
The vital use of isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (MCR) in chemical synthesis
Authors: Mohlala Reagan Lehlogonolo , Coyanis Elena Mabel
Published: February 2023

Multicomponent (MCRs) reactions are classified as one-pot reaction where more than two starting materials are employed to form a single product that contains the building blocks of the starting components. MCRs are considered a convenient approach in synthetic chemistry and have many advantages over the traditional one or two-component reaction, by reducing the number of sequential multiple steps required and often producing better yields. This chapter dissects the use of isocyanide-based MCRs and the elegant chemistry that they offer to build useful scaffolds in the chemical synthetic field. In addition MCRs are considered as one of the recognisable options for increasing “greenness” during the synthesis of pharmaceutical and industrial products.
Associations between fine particulate matter and colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fu Pengfei , Li Ruijin , Sze Stephen Cho Wing , Yung Ken Kin Lam
Published: February 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadliest cancer worldwide. The impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on many diseases is a global concern, yet its association with CRC is unclear. This study aimed to assess the effect of PM2.5 exposure on CRC. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for population-based articles published before September 2022, providing risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among 85,743 articles, we identified 10 eligible studies across multiple countries and regions in North America and Asia. We calculated the overall risk, incidence and mortality and performed subgroup analyses according to countries and regions. The results revealed an association between PM2.5 and increased risk of CRC (total risk, 1.19 [95% CI 1.12–1.28]; incidence, OR=1.18 [95% CI 1.09–1.28]; mortality, OR=1.21 [95% CI 1.09–1.35]). The elevated risks of CRC associated with PM2.5 were different across countries and regions, at 1.34 [95% CI 1.20–1.49], 1.00 [95% CI 1.00–1.00], 1.08 [95% CI 1.06–1.10], 1.18 [95% CI 1.07–1.29], 1.01 [95% CI 0.79–1.30], in the United States, China, Taiwan, Thailand, and Hong Kong, respectively. Incidence and mortality risks were higher in North America than those in Asia. In particular, the incidence and mortality were highest in the United States (1.61 [95% CI 1.38–1.89] and 1.29 [95% CI 1.17–1.42], respectively) than those in other countries. This study is the first comprehensive meta-analysis to find a strong association between PM2.5 exposure and increased CRC risk.
Griechische Inschriften als Verstehenshilfe für Klage- und Dankpsalmen
Authors: Kellenberger Edgar
Published: February 2023

Greek inscriptions from Asia Minor (2nd century B.C. to 3rd century A.D.) offer opportunities for understanding the Psalms despite the great distance. No literary influences are to be assumed, but analogous life situations. While the texts of the Psalms can be changed by updating them, the unchangeable Asia Minor inscriptions show the original situation undistorted. The following are interesting for the understanding of the Psalms: more concrete naming of the human offence, illness as divine punishment, vows, consequences of reconciliation for the social environment, votive tablet or votive scroll, στηλογραφία and מכתם / מכתב.
Characteristics of Horizontal Frost Heave in Foundation Pits under Different Conditions and Anti–frost Heave Measures
Authors: Zhao Xiaolin , Shen Yupeng , Lin Yuanrong , Tang Tianxiao , Liu Xin , Liu Yue , Chen Mo , Guo Jingfu
Published: February 2023

Accidents induced by horizontal frost heave (HFH) occur frequently in foundation pits. Pit walls are unstable because of the deformation due to HFH. The effects of HFH have been ignored in the design and construction of foundation pits, and existing studies on the characteristics of HFH in foundation pits are limited. Therefore, research on HFH in foundation pits is necessary. To reveal the characteristics of HFH in foundation pits, field monitoring of water migration, temperature variation, and force variation in foundation pits under different water supplements and support types was carried out in Beijing. Furthermore, the numerical model of the foundation pit was established and solved by the finite element method. The model was verified by the monitored data. Based on the model, insulation materials were laid in the wall of the foundation pit in the seasonally frozen soil area to prevent frost heave (FH). Temperature and displacement were employed in the calculations to evaluate the effects of anti-FH measures with the different insulation materials, and the results indicate that the value of the polystyrene insulation board was best.
Global Infectious Diseases in January 2023: Monthly Analysis
Authors: He Minjing , Zhang Shuqiong , Su Qun , Liu Dongliang , Li Guodan , Xiang Qi , Sun Yinfu , Luo Yi , Li Taihan , Wu Yufan , Zou Jiazhen , He Shiping , Yu Wenjin , Gu Dayong
Published: February 2023

Infectious diseases are a major threat to global health and the economic stability of societies worldwide. To prevent outbreaks, monitoring the growth trends of infectious diseases appears to be particularly important and necessary. Herein, data from epidemiological websites, such as the World Health Organization and National Health Council are used to illustrate the outbreak trends for infectious diseases worldwide. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, a global resurgence in other infectious diseases has been observed, particularly influenza in the United States. Proper surveillance and effective strategies are urgently required to keep emerging infectious diseases under control.
Do Government Policies and Socioeconomic Conditions Affect Income Inequality?
Authors: Wahyuningrum Dinar , Aisyah Siti
Published: February 2023

The problem that is often faced by developing countries is high-income inequality among the population. On the other hand, the development of digital technology occurs very quickly and encourages the community to play a more active role in economic activities. This condition needs to be further explored, especially considering its relation to income inequality in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of government policies and socioeconomic conditions on income inequality in Indonesia in the 2019-2021 period by analyzing secondary data in 34 provinces in Indonesia. The analytical method uses panel data regression with the selected model of the fixed effect model. The data was taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics, each provincial government's Directorate General of Finance, and the Ministry of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia. The results showed that the number of poor people significantly positively affected income inequality and regional minimum wages, and the information and communication technology development index negatively affected income inequality. In contrast, the human development index and social assistance spending had no impact on income inequality. The government must improve poverty alleviation programs to reduce the income inequality gap while expanding the accessibility of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to provide a better quality of life for the people. This study enriches previous research on the effect of socioeconomic conditions on income inequality by adding the newly developed ICT development index variable
Influence of the learning curve on the immediate postoperative pain intensity after laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty
Authors: Élthes Etele Előd , Dénes Márton , Neagoe Mircea R , Dézsi-Benyovszki Annamária
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Inguinal hernia repairs represent one of the most commonly performed surgical operations worldwide. As more experience has been gained over the past decades with laparoscopic techniques, they are now widely used also for the repair of primary and unilateral inguinal hernias, representing a safe and effective alternative. One of the major concerns of patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair is postoperative pain and socio-professional reintegration.

Aim of study. This study started from the hypothesis that the learning curve could influence postoperative pain intensity after laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty.

Methods. A retrospective - comparative study was performed, including a general surgeon’s first consecutive cases (n=87) of TAPP (transabdominal preperitoneal procedure) hernioplasty procedures with implantation of self-gripping surgical prosthesis were investigated.

Results. The evaluation of clinical and surgical aspects resulted in similar values in case of the studied groups. A reduction in surgical time was observed in case of patients operated after completing the learning curve (p = 0.0005) On the first postoperative day patients complained mostly about persistent and severe type of pain. Average Pain Index calculated with help of Simple Numeric Pain Scale resulted in similar values. Length of analgesic treatment showed no significant differences. Although higher intensity pain was mostly caracteristic in case of patients operated during the learning process, no significant relationship between learning curve and postoperative pain intensity were highlited.

Conclusion. TAPP can be a safe technique for young surgeons as well, with the right study program the procedure can be mastered safely.
Heat transfer effects on the oscillatory MHD flow in a porous channel with two immiscible fluids
Authors: Padma Devi Medisetty , Srinivas Suripeddi
Published: February 2023

The MHD oscillatory flow of two immiscible, viscous liquids in a porous channel with heat transfer is the subject of this investigation. The two liquid layers with different viscosities flow in both regions. The analytical expressions for velocity and temperature distribution have been derived by solving the governing flow equations using the regular perturbation method. The effects of various parameters on the velocity, temperature, and Nusselt number have been shown graphically, and numerical values of skin friction and flow rate are presented in tabular form and discussed. According to our analysis, the mass flux reduces as the magnetic field strength rises. While the temperature of the liquid enhances with an increase in the Eckert number and the Prandtl number, the temperature distribution rises with a decrease in the thermal conductivity ratio. To validate the results, the analytical solutions are compared with the fourth-order numerical Runge–Kutta method coupled with the shooting approach, and the results are found to be in excellent agreement.
Сучасний стан та перспективи розвитку кріобіології і кріомедицини
Authors: Петренко Олександр Юрійович
Published: February 2023

Доповідь присвячено отриманим в Інституті проблем кріобіології і кріомедицини НАН України результатам комплексних досліджень з вивчення механізмів кріоушкоджень, природної стійкості біологічних об’єктів до дії холоду, створення ефективних засобів штучного захисту біологічних систем різного рівня організації, розроблення на їхній основі новітніх технологій кріоконсервування біологічних об’єктів, створення кріобанків довгострокового збереження генофонду людей, тварин і рослин. Одним із важливих завдань Інституту є одержання і кріоконсервування стовбурових клітин та розроблених на їх основі тканинно-інженерних конструкцій з метою подальшого застосування в медичній практиці.

Цитування: Петренко О.Ю. Сучасний стан та перспективи розвитку кріобіології і кріомедицини. Вісник НАН України. 2023. № 2. С. 75—78. https://doi.org/10.15407/visn2023.02.075
Універсальна біотехнологія знешкодження токсичних органічних відходів і металів з отриманням цінних продуктів
Authors: Говоруха Віра Михайлівна
Published: February 2023

Доповідь присвячено дослідженню закономірностей взаємодії мікроорганізмів з органічними відходами і токсичними металами та визначенню способів їх знешкодження. Розглянуто шляхи оптимізації та підвищення ефективності цього процесу. Запропоновано підхід до створення універсальної біотехнології одночасного зброджування багатокомпонентних органічних відходів та видалення розчинних токсичних металів з отриманням цінних продуктів: молекулярного водню, метану, твердого палива, біодобрива, концентрату металів та очищеної води.

Цитування: Говоруха В.М. Універсальна біотехнологія знешкодження токсичних органічних відходів і металів з отриманням цінних продуктів. Вісник НАН України. 2023. № 2. С. 85—90. https://doi.org/10.15407/visn2023.02.085
KARL MARX: DARI KRITIK AGAMA KE KRITIK MASYARAKAT
Authors: Rois Abdullah Amin
Published: February 2023

Abstrak: Abstrak: Kritik-kritik Karl Marx terhadap agama, merupakan suatu tuntutan akan letak eksistensi agama itu sendiri. Sebagaimana para tokoh-tokoh pemikir lain sama seperti Karl Marx yang mengkritik terhadap agama. Kebijaksanaan perlu dikedepankan terlebih dahulu untuk menghadapi kritikan-kritikan ini karena itu semua tidak lepas dari kondisi sosial Karl Marx pada saat itu dimana kritik Karl Marx terhadap agama terdapat suatu kecemasan atas keberagamaan yang berfungsi sebagai alat kekuasaan. Disitulah menunjukan eksistensi agama bukan lagi untuk membimbing manusia yang bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas kemanusiannya, melainkan memberikan efek penindasan terhadap masyarakat miskin dan masyarakat pinggiran. Agama mengasingkan manusia dari realita sosial yang terjadi pada diri manusia sehingga sulit untuk menerima kenyataan yang ada. Dari kritik Karl Marx tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai landasan kebebasan manusia untuk keluar dari segala bentuk belenggu, agar dapat membangun teologi yang humanis dengan mengutamakan tingkat kualitas kemanusiaannya.Kata Kunci: Kehendak Berkuasa.
KONSEP PRIBADI MANUSIA DAN KESEMPURNAANNYA DALAM ASRAR-I KHUDI MUHAMMAD IQBAL
Authors: Hidayah Sipahtul , Kurniawan Wawan
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemaujudan pribadi dan untuk menjadikan manusia mengenal pribadinya, untuk mengetahui tingkatan pribadi manusia dari perspektif Muhammad Iqbal, juga bagaimana manusia bisa mencapai ke tahap sempurna dalam pribadinya agar senantiasa berada di dekat Tuhannya. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian analitis deskriptif, model penelitian yang digunakan adalah historis faktual mengenai naskah atau buku. Menggunakan teknik penelitian library research dan menjadikan salah satu buku karya Muhammad Iqbal, yaitu Asrar-i Khudi, sebagai fokus dalam penelitian ini. Maka hasil dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa bagi Iqbal tujuan terakhir dari kehidupan manusia adalah mencapai Tuhan. Jika pribadi dari manusia tersebut tidak dapat mencapai Tuhan itu artinya ia gagal mencapai pada taraf kesempurnaan. Dimana untuk mencapai taraf kesempurnaan tersebut sang pribadi mesti menjalani kehidupan yang produktif dan mampu menjadi pribadi yang kreatif dan inovatif. Pribadi sempurna bagi Iqbal adalah pribadi yang dapat berpikir dan bertindak secara positif dan pribadi yang mampu meningkatkan dan mengetahui potensi-potensi dan kemaujudan dari kediriannya. Selain dari itu, pribadi yang sempurna adalah pribadi yang mampu menciptakan sebuah perdamaian dunia, dengan menjadikan dirinya sebagai khalifah Tuhan.
Transporte sobre clavo respetando la membrana de Masquelet en defectos segmentarios severos. Serie de casos
Authors: Quesada Agustín , Videla Ávila Fabricio , Horué Pontoriero Gastón , Filisetti Jorge E.
Published: February 2023

Introducción: El adecuado tratamiento de los defectos óseos se presenta como un desafío para el cirujano ortopedista, en cuanto a la dificultad en la restitución de un miembro alineado, sin discrepancia ni infección. Se han descrito múltiples técnicas para reconstruir estos defectos, como el injerto óseo autólogo o de banco, la técnica de membrana inducida, la osteogénesis por distracción y los cilindros de titanio trabecular, pero ninguna ha demostrado ser significativamente superior a otra.

Materiales y Métodos: Entre 2018 y 2021, 10 pacientes con defectos óseos de la tibia fueron tratados mediante transporte óseo guiado con osteosíntesis endomedular. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo analizando la magnitud de los defectos, el tiempo de transporte, las complicaciones y cirugías adicionales durante el proceso, si hubo consolidación y las deformidades residuales. Al final del proceso, se midió el puntaje de la ASAMI (óseo y funcional).

Resultados: La longitud promedio de los defectos tratados fue de 9,75 cm y el índice de fijación externa promedio, de 40,62 días/cm. El 50% tenía un puntaje de la ASAMI óseo bueno; el 10%, excelente y el 40%, pobre al final del proceso reconstructivo. El 20% tenía un puntaje de la ASAMI funcional excelente; el 30%, bueno y el 50%, pobre.

Conclusiones: El uso de tutores externos guiados mediante osteosíntesis es un método fiable para tratar defectos óseos, al mismo tiempo que se trata la infección de manera local y sistémica, acortando los tiempos de tutor externo y, por lo tanto, de internación y reintervención.
Tratamiento del hallux valgus rigidus con osteotomía tipo Mitchell modificada. Descripción de la técnica quirúrgica y evaluación funcional a mediano plazo
Authors: Arzac Ulla Ignacio
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Describir la técnica quirúrgica de Mitchell modificada para el tratamiento del hallux valgus rigidus grado 2, y evaluar los resultados a mediano plazo.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo observacional. Entre agosto de 2015 y enero de 2019, 21 pacientes (23 pies) con hallux valgus rigidus grado 2 fueron sometidos a una osteotomía tipo Mitchell modificada.
Resultados: Se comunican los resultados sobre la base de la edad, el sexo, el seguimiento posoperatorio, el puntaje de la AOFAS, el pie afectado, la pérdida de reducción, el colapso de la cabeza del metatarsiano, el dolor residual y la necesidad de plantillado para el alta. El puntaje de la AOFAS a los 18 meses fue de 94,78. Los pacientes retornaron a su actividad laboral, en promedio, a los 16.6 días y a sus actividades previas, a los 3.43 meses.
Conclusión: Presentamos una técnica quirúrgica que combina los beneficios de la osteotomía de Chevron y la de Mitchell, con excelentes resultados clínicos y funcionales.
Pie diabético y pandemia de la COVID-19: adaptación al uso de la Telemedicina por los especialistas de pie y tobillo de los Servicios de Traumatología de la Argentina
Authors: Parise Ana Cecilia , Coria Hernán E. , López Valeria , Santini Araujo María Gala
Published: February 2023

Introducción: La telemedicina fue la recomendación internacional durante la pandemia de COVID-19 para las consultas médicas de los pacientes con pie diabético. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el empleo de la telemedicina como herramienta en pacientes con pie diabético, por parte de especialistas en pie y tobillo de la Argentina. Como objetivos secundarios se planteó valorar la satisfacción percibida por los profesionales con el uso de esta herramienta, evaluar qué estrategias se usaron para realizar la consulta médica remota y determinar la permanencia al retornar a la actividad asistencial habitual.

Materiales y Métodos: Se enviaron tres encuestas a los socios de la Sociedad Argentina de Medicina y Cirugía de la Pierna y Pie, entre mayo 2020 y abril de 2022.

Resultados: La función más valiosa de la consulta remota fue la prevención (75% de los encuestados), el seguimiento clínico (54,1%), el seguimiento posoperatorio (41,6%) y el diagnóstico (29,1%). El recurso más utilizado fue la conversación telefónica, seguida del envío de imágenes por mensajería instantánea. Solo el 37,5% utilizó las plataformas de historia clínica virtual.

Conclusiones: Los recursos más utilizados para la consulta remota fueron la conversación telefónica, seguida del envío de imágenes por mensajería instantánea. El 33,4% estaba conforme con la consulta por telemedicina en mayo de 2020, mientras que, en julio, la conformidad ascendió al 46,7%. En abril de 2022, solo el 13% continuaba con las consultas remotas.
Análisis de las características demográficas de 94 pacientes con fracturas articulares de calcáneo
Authors: Seletti Maximiliano , Pendino Ana , Lombardo Ernesto
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Analizar las características demográficas de los pacientes con fracturas articulares de calcáneo en relación con el mecanismo del trauma y los patrones fracturarios según las clasificaciones de Sanders y Essex-Lopresti.

Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó retrospectivamente a 94 pacientes (111 fracturas articulares de calcáneo). Se analizaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, lado fracturado, mecanismo del trauma y lesiones asociadas. Al ingresar, se tomaron radiografías de pie, de frente y perfil, y se realizó una tomografía computarizada con reconstrucción multiplanar. Se analizaron los datos demográficos combinándoloscon los tipos de fracturas.

Resultados: Se evaluó a 94 pacientes (78 hombres y 16 mujeres) que tenían 105 fracturas intrarticulares de calcáneo (11,7% bilaterales). La edad promedio era de 40.1 ± 12.5 años. El 79,8% de las fracturas se había producido por caída de altura y el 20,1%, por accidente de tránsito. El 9,5% tenía lesiones asociadas. Los pacientes con fracturas bilaterales tenían más lesiones asociadas (p = 0,0123) y el mismo patrón fracturario y tipo de Sanders en ambos pies. No hubo relación entre la clasificación de Sanders y los patrones de Essex-Lopresti con la edad, el sexo y el mecanismo del trauma.

Conclusiones: Las fracturas de calcáneo son más frecuentes en hombres y en pacientes jóvenes, y el mecanismo del trauma más común es una caída de altura. Los pacientes con fracturas bilaterales tienen una tasa más alta de lesiones asociadas y el mismo tipo de fractura según la clasificación de Sanders y el patrón fracturario de Essex-Lopresti en ambos pies.
Clinical Outcomes Associated With Intranasal Dexmedetomidine Sedation in Children
Authors: Tsze Daniel S. , Rogers Amber P. , Baier Nicole M. , Paquin Joanna R. , Majcina Ryan , Phelps Janey R. , Hollenbeck April , Sulton Carmen D. , Cravero Joseph P.
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVES

We aimed to describe the quality of sedation and additional clinically-meaningful outcomes associated with different intranasal dexmedetomidine-based regimens in children undergoing nonpainful procedures.

METHODS

A multicenter prospective observational study of children aged 2 months to 17 years undergoing intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation for MRI, auditory brainstem response testing, echocardiogram, EEG, or computed tomography scan. Regimens varied by dose of dexmedetomidine and use of adjunct sedatives. Quality of sedation was assessed using the Pediatric Sedation State Scale and by determining proportion of children who achieved an acceptable sedation state. Procedure completion, time-based outcomes, and adverse events were assessed.

RESULTS

We enrolled 578 children across 7 sites. Median age was 2.5 years (interquartile range 1.6–3) and 37.5% were female. The most common procedures were auditory brainstem response testing (54.3%) and MRI (22.8%). The most common dose was 3 to 3.9 mcg/kg (55%), with 25.1% and 14.2% of children receiving oral or intranasal midazolam, respectively. Acceptable sedation state and procedure completion was achieved in 81.1% and 91.3% of children, and mean time to onset of sedation and total sedation time were 32.3 and 114.8 minutes, respectively. Twelve interventions were performed in 10 patients in response to an event; no patients required a serious airway, breathing, or cardiovascular intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

Intranasal dexmedetomidine-based regimens can achieve acceptable sedation states and high rates of procedure completion in children undergoing sedation for nonpainful procedures. Our findings delineate clinical outcomes associated with intranasal dexmedetomidine-based sedation that can be used to guide the implementation and optimization of such regimens.
The disposal of sulfide-arsenic cake
Authors: Novikov D. O. , Galkova L. I. , Maltsev G. I.
Published: February 2023

When processing sulfide copper-zinc concentrates at copper smelters, sulfide-arsenic cakes are formed, which are subject to disposal. To solve the global environmental problem of arsenic in the metallurgical and mining industries, it must be reliably concentrated and fixed in technological flows with subsequent waste disposal. The fusion of arsenic cake with elemental sulfur leads to the formation of vitreous sulfides, which are less toxic in comparison with dispersed powdered cake, homogeneous and compact in shape. The fusion product is represented by non-stoichiometric arsenic sulfide, similar in composition to As2S5. The high chemical stability of glassy arsenic sulfides is confirmed by the results of leaching by TCLP method. The fusion products have 100 times lower solubility compared to the initial cake. Achieving the solubility of arsenic in the alloy below the threshold concentration (5 mg/dm3 ) makes it possible to recommend the disposal of arsenic cake by fusing it with elemental sulfur. The fusion products belong to non-hazardous waste and are suitable for long-term storage. The composition and structure of cake fusions with iron powder have been studied. New compounds of variable composition were identified in the fused samples: arsenides and sulfides of iron, arsenic sulfides and arsenopyrites. Studies have shown that the products of fusion with iron have a solubility 10–15 times lower than the arsenic compounds in the initial cake but above the threshold concentration as per TCLP method. Therefore, fusion with iron cannot be recommended for practical use for the disposal of arsenic cakes.
Investigation of castability, mechanical, corrosion properties and flammability of ML-OPB and EWZ43 magnesium alloys
Authors: Bazhenov V. E. , Baranov I. I. , Lyskovich V. V. , Koltygin A. V. , Sannikov A. V. , Kyaramyan K. A. , Belov V. D. , Pavlinich S. P.
Published: February 2023

Magnesium alloys are usually considered as structural materials when the weight reduction is important - in aircraft and space industry for example. In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of new generation ignition-proof high-strength magnesium alloys in the design of aircraft parts. The properties of new ignition-proof casting magnesium alloys ML-OPB (Mg–6.7Y–2.6Zn–0.5Zr–0.35Ce– 0.35Yb; wt.%) and EWZ43 (Mg–3.8Y–4.4Nd–0.6Zr–0.6Zn; wt.%) were investigated and compared with properties of commercial magnesium alloys. The microstructure of investigated alloys in the as-cast condition comprises of a magnesium solid solution and a significant amount of eutectic. Heat treatment according to the T6 mode results in change in the eutectic phase’s morphology and also to their partial dissolution in the magnesium matrix. Long-term high-temperature holding, simulating operating conditions (500 h at 300 °C), leads to the formation of precipitates along the grain boundaries in both alloys, significantly reducing the mechanical properties. During the oxidation of the samples, it was established that the main components that involved into the oxide film and provides the protective properties of the alloys is Y, Nd and Yb. The investigated alloys have a high strength, which is not lower than that of the ML10 alloy. At the same time, the advantage of the ML-OPB alloy is a high elongation at fracture, while the EWZ43 alloy is characterized by high strength. The corrosion rate of the investigated alloys exceeds the corrosion rate of known commercial ML10 and AZ91 alloys, which implies the need for additional protection against corrosion of investigated alloys. At the same time, the castability of ML-OPB and EWZ43 alloys is no lower than that of most commercial magnesium alloys. An oxide film with high Y content and high protective properties is formed when the alloys interact with the sand mold bonded with furan resin. The ignition temperature of the investigated alloys is 100–150 °C higher than that of the ML10 alloy. The flammability test of alloys in the flame of a gas burner, made on cone samples and typical aircraft castings «bracket», showed that ML-OPB and EWZ43 alloys are almost non-flammable under the conditions of experiment.
Effect of hafnium on cast microstructure in alloy 1570
Authors: Zorin I. A. , Aryshenskii E. V. , Drits A. M. , Konovalov S. V. , Komarov V. S.
Published: February 2023

The issue is devoted to the study of the influence of hafnium on the structure and properties of alloy 1570. Ingots from alloy 1570 were cast into the steel coquille, including those with additives of hafnium 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 %. To determine the size of the grain structure in the obtained ingots, an Axionovert-40 MAT optical microscope was used, chemical analysis of intermetallic particles was carried out using JEOL 6390A SEM. In addition, for the alloy 1570 and 1570–0.5Hf, the presence of nanoparticles with the L12 structure was studied using transmission electron microscope JEM-2100. Studies showed that hafnium additives make it possible to achieve a significant modification of the cast structure. For example, when introducing hafnium into the initial alloy in an amount of 0.5 % of the total weight, it was possible to achieve a reduction in the average grain size by 2 times. Scanning microscopy data showed that hafnium partially dissolves in particles containing scandium and zirconium as well. The addition of hafnium increases the number of large particles formed during crystallization. Transmission microscopy showed the presence of coherent aluminum matrix nanoparticles in alloy 1570 and having a superstructure of L12, which were most likely formed during intermittent decay during ingot cooling. When 0.5 % Hf was added, no nanoparticles with the L12 superstructure were detected. To explain the latter fact, it is necessary to study the surface of the liquidus of the Al–Hf–Sc system, as well as to study the effect of hafnium on the diffusion coefficient of scandium in aluminum.
Evaluation of pain perception on periodontal probing in patients with dental plaque induced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis - A cross sectional study, Part I
Authors:   Department of Periodontology, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India., Ashwath Balachandran , Aishwarya Durai ,   Department of Periodontology, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India, Agila Elumalai ,   Department of Periodontology, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India., Shanmugam Muthukali ,   Department of Periodontology, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India., Anitha Vijayarangan ,   Department of Periodontology, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India., Meenakshi Muthiah ,   Department of Periodontology, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: February 2023

Background: Probing of periodontal pockets is an essential part in the diagnosis of periodontal disease. Fifteen to seventy seven percent of untreated periodontal patients experience pain during probing. Hence the aim of this study is to evaluate the pain perceived by patients with gingivitis and periodontitis during periodontal probing. The goals of this study were to compare the patients’ pain perception when using a conventional UNC15 probe and a manual pressure sensitive periodontal probe, and to relate the clinical features of gingivitis and periodontitis to the discomfort associated with periodontal probing. Material and Methods: A total of 475 subjects were recruited into the study. The subjects were initially divided into two groups – Group – A (Gingivitis group - 275 patients) and Group – B (Chronic Periodontitis group -200 patients) according to the AAP 1999 Classification. These two groups were further subdivided into two groups each (Gingivitis – Conventional Probe – GCP, Gingivitis – Manual Pressure Sensitive Probe – GMPS, Periodontitis - Conventional Probe – PCP, Periodontitis – Manual Pressure Sensitive Probe – PMPS) using a computer generated program of random numbers. Results: A significant difference was noted in pain perception when pressure sensitive probe was used compared to conventional UNC-15 probe. Reduced Bleeding on Probing and Pain scores were noted in Chronic periodontitis subjects with use of pressure sensitive probe, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Dentistry has changed its focus towards painless dentistry. In this context, the present study presents data towards use of manual pressure sensitive probes , which offers an advantage of low cost when compared to more advanced computerized systems with reduced pain during periodontal examination. It could result in a positive attitude of the patients towards continuous supportive periodontal therapy thereby monitoring periodontal health.
In Vitro assessment of interaction between lidocaine hydrochloride and irrigating solutions on root canal dentin: A scanning electron microscope study
Authors:   Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India., Kaur Gurmeen ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India., Shetty Chitharanjan ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India., Saji Shalin Ann ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India., Bajpe Sunheri ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Published: February 2023

Aim: To investigate the precipitate formed from the interaction between 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline (LA) with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles on root canal dentin, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Material and Methods: Sixty mandibular premolars were decoronated, and the root length standardised. The specimens were randomly distributed into the following groups: Group 1 (control): 2% LA mixed with sterile water without root canal instrumentation, Group 2: 2% LA with 2.5% NaOCl in water without root canal instrumentation, and Group 3: 2% LA with 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles in water without root canal instrumentation. Teeth specimens were split and subjected to SEM analysis at cervical, middle, and apical root thirds. On observing precipitate formation in Group 2, 10 premolars were decoronated and treated with 2% LA and 2.5% NaOCl and subjected to root canal instrumentation. Results: Group 1 and Group 3 showed patent dentinal tubules and no precipitate formation. Group 2 showed precipitate blocking dentinal tubules in all the three sections, and the precipitate could not be removed completely after cleaning and shaping. Conclusion: NaOCl forms an insoluble precipitate on interaction with local anaesthetic solution that cannot be removed after chemo-mechanical preparation. Chitosan nanoparticles do not form any such precipitate and show patent dentinal tubules. Hence, chitosan can be used as a flushing irrigant.