bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SafeCX: a framework for safe customer experience in omnichannel retailing
Authors: Rahman Syed Mahmudur , Carlson Jamie , Chowdhury Noman H.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The experience of safety as perceived by customers is a central issue in retailing, and its importance has increased because of the pandemic. Substantial literature exists addressing different factors related to safety/security experience in different types of retail channels. However, what is missing is a unified framework to guide safe customer experience initiatives across all channels. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the safety elements in omnichannel retailing as perceived by customers and how these safety elements affect customer experience (CX) judgments and consumer behavior in a post-pandemic context.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review on safety/security studies in a retail context is conducted, followed by a qualitative study driven by a means-end-chain laddering technique collecting data from 62 retail customers in Australia, the USA and UK.

Findings

Fourteen distinct safety elements in omnichannel retailing are identified. Four elements are relevant to the CX at the pre-purchase stage of the customer journey: social inclusiveness, role readiness, employment policy and safety policy enforcement. Six elements are relevant to the during-purchase stage: physical safety, personal hygiene, spatial distancing, fraud prevention, security surveillance and safety signal. The remaining four elements are relevant to the post-purchase stage: delivery safety, safety recall, mental health and data usage.

Originality/value

This study presents a new unified framework addressing safety and security in post-pandemic retail service settings. The SafeCX framework offers researchers and managers a holistic understanding of the distinct safety elements that shape customers’ perceptions across each customer journey stage of the retail CX.
Wholesale-price vs cost-sharing contracts in a green supply chain with reference price effect under different power structures
Authors: Zhang Ranran , Liu Jinjin , Qian Yu
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This research aims to examine which cooperative contract (wholesale-price contract or cost-sharing contract) can more effectively upgrade the green degree of product and promote demand when considering consumer reference price effect under different power structures.

Design/methodology/approach

This research investigates a dyadic green supply chain composed of one manufacturer and one retailer. Four Stackelberg game models with a cost-sharing contract or a wholesale-price contract are built in retailer-led and manufacturer-led scenarios, respectively. Using backward induction, the optimal green decision under each model is obtained. In addition, the optimal cooperative contract is proposed by comparing these four models.

Findings

It is found that under consumer reference price effect, a cost-sharing contract outperforms a wholesale-price contract in upgrading product greenness and promoting demand. Under any single contract, the retailer-led situation is more conducive to improving product greenness than the manufacturer-led situation. Moreover, consumer reference price effect would reduce the sharing ratio of a cost-sharing contract when the manufacturer dominates, but it could mitigate the problem of double marginalization by reducing wholesale and retail prices under both types of contracts, which would enhance consumer surplus.

Originality/value

It is a new attempt to incorporate consumer reference price effect and power structure into a green supply chain framework and proposes a novel demand function that simultaneously emphasizes consumer reference price effect, consumer environmental awareness and product green attribute. In addition, it provides managerial insights for business managers to choose green cooperative contracts with consumer reference price effect under different power structures.
An improved approach based on dynamic mixed sampling and transfer learning for topic recognition: a case study on online patient reviews
Authors: Xie Yaotan , Xiang Fei
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to adapt existing text-mining techniques and propose a novel topic recognition approach for textual patient reviews.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors first transformed multilabel samples for adapting model training forms. Then, an improved method was proposed based on dynamic mixed sampling and transfer learning to improve the learning problem caused by imbalanced samples. Specifically, the training of our model was based on the framework of a convolutional neural network and self-trained Word2Vector on large-scale corpora.

Findings

Compared with the SVM and other CNN-based models, the CNN+ DMS + TL model proposed in this study has made significant improvement in F1 score.

Originality/value

The improved methods based on dynamic mixed sampling and transfer learning can adequately manage the learning problem caused by the skewed distribution of samples and achieve the effective and automatic topic recognition of textual patient reviews.

Peer review

The peer-review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-01-2021-0059.
An intelligent system for reflow oven temperature settings based on hybrid physics-machine learning model
Authors: Lai Yangyang , Pan Ke , Cen Yuqiao , Yang Junbo , Cai Chongyang , Yin Pengcheng , Park Seungbae
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to provide the proper preset temperatures of the convection reflow oven when reflowing a printed circuit board (PCB) assembly with varied sizes of components simultaneously.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, computational fluid dynamics modeling is used to simulate the reflow soldering process. The training data provided to the machine learning (ML) model is generated from a programmed system based on the physics model. Support vector regression and an artificial neural network are used to validate the accuracy of ML models.

Findings

Integrated physical and ML models synergistically can accurately predict reflow profiles of solder joints and alleviate the expense of repeated trials. Using this system, the reflow oven temperature settings to achieve the desired reflow profile can be obtained at substantially reduced computation cost.

Practical implications

The prediction of the reflow profile subjected to varied temperature settings of the reflow oven is beneficial to process engineers when reflowing bulky components. The study of reflowing a new PCB assembly can be started at the early stage of board design with no need for a physical profiling board prototype.

Originality/value

This study provides a smart solution to determine the optimal preset temperatures of the reflow oven, which is usually relied on experience. The hybrid physics–ML model providing accurate prediction with the significantly reduced expense is used in this application for the first time.
Microsoft Teams and team performance in the COVID-19 pandemic within an NHS Trust Community Service in North-West England
Authors: Hargreaves Christopher , Clarke Andrew Paul , Lester Karl Robert
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the impact the introduction of Microsoft Teams has had on team performance in response to the COVID-19 pandemic within a National Health Service (NHS) Community Service.

Design/methodology/approach

Microsoft Teams was rolled out across the NHS over a period of four days, partly in response to the need for social distancing. This case study reviews how becoming a virtual team affected team performance, the role Microsoft Teams had played in supporting staff to work in higher virtuality, understand what elements underpin a successful virtual team and how these results correlate to the technology acceptance model (Davis, 1985).

Findings

The findings indicate that Teams made a positive impact to the team at a time of heightened clinical pressures and working in unfamiliar environments without the supportive benefits of face-to-face contact with colleagues in terms of incidental knowledge sharing and health and well-being.

Originality/value

Further developments were needed to make virtual meetings more accessible for introverted colleagues, support asynchronous communication, address training needs and support leaders to adapt and operate in higher virtuality.
Transferring knowledge and innovations through village knowledge center in Tanzania: approaches, impact and impediments
Authors: Mwantimwa Kelefa , Ndege Nora
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Farmers in rural areas are generally not well empowered with knowledge and innovations to solve their agricultural problems in spite of the growing presence of such knowledge resulting from research and innovation activities across the globe. This study aims to document approaches, impact and impediments of using village knowledge centers (VKCs) to transfer agricultural knowledge and innovations.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the objective of the study, a case study research design was used to investigate the impact of a selected VKC as institutional innovation in agricultural technology outreach and extension in rural Tanzania. Primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and observation methods. Besides, secondary sources such as reports were used to complement primary data during fieldwork.

Findings

The study reveals that various approaches are used by the VKC to transfer knowledge and innovation to farmers. The use of the multi-actor platform (MAP) to run the VKC ensures inclusive knowledge production and sharing among different actors. The findings also suggest that knowledge and innovation co-creation is constructed with various knowledge systems actors to enhance the use of research generated. Accordingly, the findings show that the university efforts are an important catalyst for integrated knowledge, technology and innovation systems in rural settings.

Research limitations/implications

The present study reveals different limitations associated with the use of a single case study design. The single-case design provided researchers with little basis for generalisation of the study findings and conclusions. Aside from that, the use of a cross-sectional design did not help the researchers to validate the findings and conclusions. To address these limitations, the study recommends similar studies that will adopt different types of longitudinal design such as cohort and diary methods. Apart from this, a future study to investigate the tangible impact of VKC on knowledge and innovation transfer is recommended.

Originality/value

Considering the novelty of the MAP approach in Tanzania and the dearth of studies reporting on how the village knowledge center works and how effective it is, the present study provides insights on the approaches, impact and impediments.
Highly efficient rDNA‐mediated multicopy integration based on the dynamic balance of rDNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zheng Huihui , Wang Kai , Xu Xiaoxiao , Pan Jing , Sun Xinhua , Hou Jin , Liu Weifeng , Shen Yu
Published: January 2022

Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains are good cell factories, and developing additional genetic manipulation tools will accelerate construction of metabolically engineered strains. Highly repetitive rDNA sequence is one of two main sites typically used for multicopy integration of genes. Here, we developed a simple and high‐efficiency strategy for rDNA‐mediated multicopy gene integration based on the dynamic balance of rDNA in S. cerevisiae. rDNA copy number was decreased by pre‐treatment with hydroxyurea (HU). Then, heterologous genes were integrated into the rDNA sequence. The copy number of the integrated heterologous genes increased along with restoration of the copy number of rDNA. Our results demonstrated that HU pre‐treatment doubled the number of integrated gene copies; moreover, compared with removing HU stress during transformation, removing HU stress after selection of transformants had a higher probability of resulting in transformants with high‐copy integrated genes. Finally, we integrated 18.0 copies of the xylose isomerase gene into the S. cerevisiae genome in a single step. This novel rDNA‐mediated multicopy genome integration strategy provides a convenient and efficient tool for further metabolic engineering of S. cerevisiae.
Local ablative radiotherapy on oligo‐progression while continued on epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced non–small cell lung cancer patients: A longer cohort
Authors: Mok Florence Siu ting , Tong Macy , Loong Herbert H. , Mok Tony S. K.
Published: January 2022

Background

The effect of adding local ablative radiotherapy on oligo‐progression while continuing EGFR‐TKIs in advanced non–small cell Lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is to be determined.

Methods

Outcomes of patients with stage IV NSCLC harboring EGFR‐activating mutations having ≤5 sites of oligo‐progression while on EGFR‐TKIs and given one to eight fractions of local ablative radiotherapy (LAR) were reviewed from 2012 to 2019. The time of starting first‐line EGFR‐TKIs to LAR is defined as progression‐free survival 1 (PFS1; > one line of prior treatment allowed). The primary endpoint was PFS from LAR to further progression that led to stop of EGFR‐TKIs (PFS2). The secondary endpoint was overall survival from LAR (OS). Factors affecting PFS2 and OS were analyzed with Cox regression.

Results

There were total 55 eligible patients. The median follow‐up time was 13.3 months. Majority (89%) had sensitive mutations (exon 19 deletion and exon 21 L858R mutation). Total number of lesions treated were 75, including lung (n = 45), bone (n = 15), cervical lymph node (n = 1), adrenal (n = 1), and brain (n = 13). The median PFS2 was 6.9 months. The median OS was 25.1 months. On multivariable analysis, it was found that EGFR mutation type (exon 19 deletion / exon 21 L858R mutation vs. other rarer mutations), time from diagnosis to LAR within 70 days, and fewer lines of prior TKIs (1 or 2 vs. 3) had favorable effect on PFS2 (p = 0.006/0.00003; 0.046; 0.001/0.005, respectively).

Conclusion

LAR is a noninvasive and effective modality in treatment of oligo‐progressive diseases for patients with EGFR mutations positive NSCLC while on EGFR‐TKIs.
A national survey of oncology physiotherapy services for cancer survivors in Australia
Authors: Shipton Daniel A. , Dennett Amy M. , Sayner Alesha M. , Tang Clarice Y.
Published: January 2022

Background

Cancer is a leading cause of illness globally. Advancements in screening and treatment have led to improved survivorship. Physiotherapy is integral in improving survivorship for people with cancer, with strong evidence supporting the use of various physiotherapy services. However, the scope and extent of these services within clinical practice in Australia is unknown.

Aim

Identify and describe physiotherapy service provision for cancer survivors in Australia and describe the scope of physiotherapy services provided to cancer survivors.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study recruited physiotherapists and their respective managers involved in cancer service/s provision across Australia. Physiotherapy departments of tertiary hospitals and known oncology rehabilitation programs were contacted through a government directory and snowball sampling. The online survey included questions related to the extent and scope of service provision of physiotherapy for cancer survivors. Quantitative data were descriptively analyzed whereas open‐ended responses were analyzed and presented narratively.

Results

Seventy‐nine physiotherapy services were identified from 159 hospitals and/or health networks. Of the 55 (70%) responses received, 87% were from metropolitan areas, whereas 13% were regionally/rurally based services. Prehabilitation services mostly offered individual programs whereas rehabilitation programs had a mix of individual and group‐based programs. The service content between prehabilitation and rehabilitation were similar, comprising primarily exercise‐based interventions, followed by education and impairment‐based therapies.

Conclusion

Few designated physiotherapy services for cancer survivors exist in Australia. There is also disparity between service provision between metropolitan and regional/rural areas highlighting a need for clinicians, managers, and policy makers to invest more resources in establishing oncology physiotherapy services.
Clinical and genetic characteristics of early‐stage multiple primary and independent primary lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Li Peng , Yang Ronghua , Wang Dong , Wang Lingjie , Wang Sai , Liu Chuan , Li Jinlong , Li Ling , Liu Chuang , Tong Yan , Wang Yongjie
Published: January 2022

Aims

The difference between multiple primary lung cancers (MPLC) and intrapulmonary metastasis (IM) in patients with lung cancer is vital but controversial. Moreover, the genetic and clinical significance difference between MPLC and independent primary lung cancers (IPLC) patients is unknown.

Methods

This study retrospectively researched clinical and genetic data of MPLC and IPLC patients from January 2019 to May 2021 at the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, China. Ninety‐four tissue samples from 41 early‐stage patients with MPLC, and 94 tissue samples from 94 early‐stage patients with IPLC were performed to targeted sequencing.

Results

A total of 36 patients (88%) showed inconsistent driver mutations, and five MPLC patients (12%) shared single identical EGFR/BRAF/TP53 hotspot mutations in the early stage. In MPLC patients, high‐frequency mutations included EGFR (63%), TP53 (12%), BRAF (12%), KRAS (10%), ERBB2 (4%), PIK3CA (3%), and MET (3%). In IPLC patients, high‐frequency mutations included EGFR (55%), TP53(26%), KRAS (13%), MAP2K1 (5%), PIK3CA (4%), ERBB2 (4%), NF1 (4%), RET (3%), and BRAF (2%). The higher BRAF and fewer TP53 mutations may be related to the lower malignancy in MPLC patients.

Conclusions

The accuracy of pathological diagnosis in patients with early‐stage MPLC does not need comprehensive molecular evaluation to supplement histology for differentiating early‐stage MPLC and IM. Meanwhile, the molecular difference between MPLC and IPLC may be helpful to study the mechanism of MPLC pathogenesis.
Tripartite motif‐containing 54 promotes gastric cancer progression by upregulating K63‐linked ubiquitination of filamin C
Authors: Cao Hongtao , Li Ye , Chen Liang , Lu Zhuocai , You Tian , Wang Xiaolong , Ji Baoyan
Published: January 2022

Background

Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins have been proved to contribute to cancer progression, while whether tripartite motif‐containing 54 (TRIM54) could functionally influence gastric cancer (GC) progression remains elusive.

Methods

The expression level of TRIM54 and filamin C (FLNC) in GC was determined by Western blot and online database. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay, colony formation assay and Ethylenediurea (EdU) staining were performed to explore the effects of TRIM54 on GC cell proliferation. Transwell assay and wound healing assay were applied to detect the influence of TRIM54 on GC cell migration and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis and Co‐immunoprecipitation assay (Co‐Ip), Ubiquitination assay and Half‐life assay were involved to explore the regulatory mechanism of TRIM54 on FLNC.

Results

TRIM54 was upregulated in GC tissues and cells, and a higher expression level of TRIM54 indicated a shorter overall survival of GC patients. The overexpression of TRIM54 significantly enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells, and inhibition of TRIM54 expression exerted reverse effects on GC cells. Mechanistically, TRIM54 was determined as a post‐translational mediator of FLNC, and TRIM54 was co‐immunoprecipitated with FLNC and degraded its protein level via K63‐linked ubiquitination of FLNC. Notably, FLNC efficiently inhibited GC progression by TRIM54 overexpression.

Conclusion

Collectively, our findings suggested that the TRIM54/FLNC axis could be considered as a potential prognostic biomarker for GC.
Transitional changes of spacer materials used in carbon‐ion radiation therapy
Authors: Yamamoto Yayoi , Hino Ayako , Kurihara Hiroaki , Kano Kio , Serizawa Itsuko , Katoh Hiroyuki , Hiruma Toru
Published: January 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the imaging findings and transitional changes in spacer materials used in carbon‐ion radiation therapy

Materials

Medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and the maximum thickness, volume, and CT value of spacers were calculated from CT scans. Procedure‐related complications were recorded.

Results

A spacer was surgically placed in six patients in retroperitoneal, presacral, or peritoneal sites. The spacer material was polyglycolic acid (PGA) in four patients and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) in two patients. The thickness of PGA spacers showed no changes in any patients within 4 weeks, but increased within 6 weeks in one patient and was unchanged or decreased in the remaining patients. PGA spacer volume decreased gradually after placement in three of four patients; this was observed at 4 months in two patients and at 6 months in one patient. The mean CT value of PGA spacers was 83 HU just after placement, and decreased gradually thereafter. Air was seen in the PGA spacers of two patients. Neither ePTFE spacer showed volume changes over time, and the mean CT value was low (mean, –53.7 HU) just after placement but increased rapidly to 145 HU at 2 months.

Conclusion

Spacer imaging findings may vary according to type and may change over time. Familiarity with these features is beneficial for diagnostic radiologists.
Historical Consciousness, Part I: Origins and Characteristics
Authors: Cobb John B.
Published: January 2022

Although history as a scientific discipline continues to be taught in universities, historical consciousness is being displaced in modern self‐understanding by scientific rationality. There is no necessary conflict between the two. Each is a form of critical understanding, and each benefits from the work of the other. But whereas modern intellectuals perceive the value of analyzing events outside of time and history in purely formal or mathematical terms, the value of understanding the place of events in the larger patterns of history is losing ground. A likely cause of this loss is the decline in intellectual respect for the roots of historical consciousness in the prophetic tradition found in the Hebrew Bible. No other culture in the ancient world focused attention on questions that related personal and collective behavior to the larger context of universal history. As recognition of that remarkable human achievement slowly dissolves in modern awareness, we are losing the capacity to question the wisdom of geopolitical, environmental, and technological changes taking place with long‐term consequences. In a word, we are losing perspective. This is an almost completely invisible feature of the wholesale rejection of the Bible as a source of self‐understanding.
Biblical Sabbath as Critical Response in an Era of Global Pandemic and Climate Change
Authors: Lowery Richard H.
Published: January 2022

In modern times, the idea of the sabbath is often limited to a day when people attend religious services or observe rituals in their homes. Biblical sabbath, however, is one of the first codifications of labor rights in world history. This tradition emerged in an ancient economy that extracted agricultural wealth from subsistence farmers to support wealthy elites. Increasing demands on labor were coupled with reductions in the amount of produce available to individual households for sustenance. This led to impoverishment and to interest lending that often resulted in the loss of ancestral property and debt servitude to wealthy creditors. Sabbath traditions, both a weekly day of rest and periodic cancellation of debt, were attempts to mitigate the negative impact of this royal‐imperial system. Those traditions functioned as a critique and a corrective to the royal‐imperial economy. These traditions still have conceptual and practical utility for today’s globalizing economy that is challenged by climate change and reshaped by the COVID pandemic. “Sabbath economics” is built on a notion of abundance limited by self‐restraint—seven days of wealth for six days of work. This model overturns modern assumptions of scarcity and unlimited needs and wants. The values expressed in this ancient tradition can help us imagine the role of work and rest in a just and ecologically sustainable future.
Commitment Problems in Alliance Formation
Authors: Benson Brett V. , Smith Bradley C.
Published: January 2022

If military alliances cause significant shifts in the distribution of power, why does anticipation of their formation or expansion provoke hostility from adversaries in some cases and not others? We develop a theory to explain this variation, advancing three arguments about the connection between alliances, commitment problems and war. First, we show that prospective allies can avoid provoking a common enemy by offering concessions to offset losses from an anticipated power shift from an alliance. Second, limits to an alliance's power or implementation speed may make such bargains possible. Allies manipulate these factors to set the terms of cooperation to avoid provoking a shared enemy. Finally, when such bargains are not possible, incentives for preventive war exist but the outbreak of such wars may be avoided. Although preventive war cannot be ruled out altogether, the conditions that make it most attractive also make it unlikely to be carried out.
Distinct environmental cues trigger spontaneous recall of past events in 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children even after long delays
Authors: Jensen Toril S. , Berntsen Dorthe , Kingo Osman S. , Krøjgaard Peter
Published: January 2022

Verbally reported long‐term memory for past events typically improves with age. However, such findings are based exclusively on studies, where children are directly asked to recall. The present study showed that when 3‐ (n = 113, 59 girls) and 4‐year‐olds (n = 113, 62 girls), predominantly White, were brought back to a distinct laboratory‐setting after either 1‐, 4.5‐, or 13‐weeks, children—regardless of age and delay—spontaneously recalled the distinct event experienced at their first visit (all Cohen'sds > 1.00). Meanwhile, the oldest children outperformed the youngest when being asked directly to retrieve the event (). These findings suggest that spontaneous retrieval facilitated by distinct environmental cues provides a short‐cut to young children's event memories.
A field experiment characterizing variable detection rates during plant surveys
Authors: Hauser Cindy E. , Giljohann Katherine M. , McCarthy Michael A. , Garrard Georgia E. , Robinson Andrew P. , Williams Nicholas S. G. , Moore Joslin L.
Published: January 2022

Surveys aimed at finding threatened and invasive species can be challenging due to individual rarity and low and variable individual detection rates. Detection rate in plant surveys typically varies due to differences among observers, among the individual plants being surveyed (targets), and across background environments. Interactions among these 3 components may occur but are rarely estimated due to limited replication and control during data collection. We conducted an experiment to investigate sources of variation in detection of 2 Pilosella species that are invasive and sparsely distributed in the Alpine National Park, Australia. These species are superficially similar in appearance to other yellow‐flowered plants occurring in this landscape. We controlled the presence and color of flowers on target Pilosella plants and controlled their placement in plots, which were selected for their variation in cover of non‐target yellow flowers and dominant vegetation type. Observers mimicked Pilosella surveys in the plots and reported 1 categorical and 4 quantitative indicators of their survey experience level. We applied survival analysis to detection data to model the influence of both controlled and uncontrolled variables on detection rate. Orange‐ and yellow‐flowering Pilosella in grass‐ and heath‐dominated vegetation were detected at a higher rate than nonflowering Pilosella. However, this detection gain diminished as the cover of other co‐occurring yellow‐flowering species increased. Recent experience with Pilosella surveys improved detection rate. Detection experiments are a direct and accessible means of understanding detection processes and interpreting survey data for threatened and invasive species. Our detection findings have been used for survey planning and can inform progress toward eradication. Interaction of target and background characteristics determined detection rate, which enhanced predictions in the Pilosella eradication program and demonstrated the difficulty of transferring detection findings into untested environments.
Kidney transplant candidates’ and recipients’ perspectives on the decision‐making process to accept or refuse a deceased donor kidney offer: Trust and graft survival matter
Authors: Khalili Myriam , Cardinal Héloïse , Ballesteros Fabian , Fortin Marie‐Chantal
Published: January 2022

Background

The decision to accept a kidney from a deceased donor can be a difficult one. This study aims to capture the perspectives of transplant candidates (TCs) and kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) on the decision‐making process when a deceased kidney is offered.

Methods

We conducted six focus groups with KTRs and TCs. The content of the focus groups was analyzed using the qualitative thematic method.

Results

KTRs reported that the experience of being offered a kidney could be difficult because of the circumstances of the offer and unpreparedness to participate in the discussion. Both KTRs and TCs trusted the medical expertise. Age and having experience with dialysis could influence the decision to accept an offer. In order to engage in the discussion, patients wanted to obtain estimates of expected graft survival. Patients did not express interest for a web‐based calculator for patient use, but expected transplant physicians to summarize and explain the information that would impact graft survival time.

Conclusion

TCs and KTRs wanted to be involved in the decision to accept a deceased donor kidney. Tools that can help physicians communicate the risks and benefits of accepting an offer could improve patient participation in the decision‐making process.
Psychometric properties of the School Participation Questionnaire: Testing a measure of participation‐related constructs
Authors: Maciver Donald , Tyagi Vaibhav , Johnston Lorna , Kramer Jessica M. , Richmond Janet , Todorova Liliya , Romero‐Ayuso Dulce , Nakamura‐Thomas Hiromi , van Hartingsveldt Margo , O’Hare Anne , Forsyth Kirsty
Published: January 2022

Aim

To explore concurrent validity, convergent validity, interrater reliability, test–retest reliability, and Rasch model analysis of the School Participation Questionnaire (SPQ), a tool for teachers to assess personal and environmental determinants of school participation.

Method

Teachers of children with additional support needs, including intellectual disability, autism, and learning difficulties completed measures. Data were collected using the SPQ and the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM‐CY). Test–retest and interrater reliability were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha. Concurrent and convergent validity were explored via correlations with the PEM‐CY. Further psychometrics were examined using a Rasch model.

Results

One hundred and eighty‐seven children (136 [72.7%] male; mean age 9y [range 5y 6mo–12y 10mo, SD 2y]) were assessed by 67 teachers. Cronbach’s alpha, test–retest, and interrater reliability were acceptable–excellent across each SPQ scale (alphas=0.89, 0.9, 0.94, 0.79; test–retest ICCs=0.64, 0.61, 0.78, 0.62; interrater ICCs=0.85, 0.71, 0.90, 0.81). Concurrent and convergent validity were confirmed with significant positive correlations between SPQ and PEM‐CY. After Mokken and Rasch model analysis, person and item reliability were good, and unidimensionality was confirmed. Mean administration time was 8.2 minutes.

Interpretation

The results suggest that the SPQ is a rapid, reliable, and valid tool for assessment of participation‐related indicators in schools.
WellSpace: Peer‐led groups for first‐episode psychosis before and during the COVID era
Authors: Murphy Michael , Fedele Stephen J. , Öngür Dost
Published: January 2022

Aim: Coordinated specialty care (CSC) is a collaborative‐team based approach that has been shown to be helpful for patients with first‐episode psychosis. Peer support is an important component of CSC. Here, we describe the development and implementation of peer‐led group programming (McLean WellSpace) that was loosely affiliated with a CSC (McLean OnTrack). We discuss how we adapted this program to the challenges imposed by COVID‐19.

Methods: WellSpace was developed to have minimal barriers to entry other than a self‐reported history of recent onset of psychosis. It is free for participants with minimal restrictions about who may attend. WellSpace and WellSpace groups are largely administered by peer specialists who align with the recovery movement. WellSpace has been a virtual program since March 2020.

Results: McLean WellSpace participants include many people who are not patients of McLean OnTrack, suggesting that such programs may have greater reach than standard medical programs. We transitioned to virtual programming and saw average group attendance and unique participants increase during the pandemic.

Conclusions: Our experience suggests that peer‐led group programming for first‐episode psychosis is well‐accepted by patients, including many who are not engaged with a CSC. This may be related to our efforts to minimize barriers to entry and our peer‐led, non‐medical orientation.
An exploration of the impact of working in pairs on the dental clinical learning environment: Students’ views
Authors: Dargue Anna , Richards Charlotte , Fowler Ellayne
Published: January 2022

Introduction

The aims of this study were to explore the undergraduate dental clinical students' experiences and perspectives of paired working in the clinical learning environment.

Materials and methods

An interpretivist methodological approach with a socio‐cultural lens was used. A stratified purposeful sampling strategy was chosen. Students digitally recorded three audio‐diaries using Gibbs' cycle to guide reflection on collaborating clinically with a peer. 1:1 semi‐structured interviews were held using a topic guide. Inductive thematic data analysis was undertaken.

Results

Eight participants were recruited. Main themes related to individual characteristics (motivation, professionalism, knowledge and experience) and relational features (feeling safe, attaching value, positive working relationships) that contributed to effective collaborative partnerships. The social setting is important for learning in the dental clinical environment. Benchmarking is used by students to motivate and reassure. Students learnt from their peers, particularly when they felt safe and supported and had developed good relationships. A lesser quality learning experience was highlighted in the assistant role.

Conclusion

Paired working for clinical training was viewed mostly positively. Working with a variety of peers was beneficial and enabled development of interpersonal skills and professionalism. More effective collaborative learning partnerships were described when students felt they belonged and had affective support. Disadvantages of paired working were noted as reduced hands‐on experience, particularly for senior students and when working in the assistant role. Ground rules and setting learning goals to change the mind‐set about the assistant role were recommended. Emotional and practical support of students is needed in the clinical setting.
Composite endpoint to evaluate complement inhibition therapy in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Kulasekararaj Austin , Glasmacher Axel , Liu Peng , Szer Jeff , Araten David , Rauch Geraldine , Gwaltney Chad , Sierra J Rafael , Lee Jong Wook
Published: January 2022

This study developed and explored a novel composite endpoint to assess the overall impact that treatment can have on patients living with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Candidate composite endpoint variables were selected by a group of experts and included: lactate dehydrogenase levels as a measure of intravascular hemolysis; complete terminal complement inhibition; absence of major adverse vascular events, including thrombosis; absence of any adverse events leading to death or discontinuation of study treatment; transfusion avoidance; and improvements in fatigue‐related quality of life as determined by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)‐Fatigue score. From these variables, a novel composite endpoint was constructed and explored using data collected in the ravulizumab PNH Study 301 (NCT02946463). Thresholds were defined and reported for each candidate variable. Five of the six candidate variables were included in the final composite endpoint; the FACIT‐Fatigue score was excluded. Composite endpoint criterion was defined as patients meeting all five selected individual component thresholds. All patients in the ravulizumab arm achieved complete terminal complement inhibition and a reduction in lactate dehydrogenase levels; 51.2% and 41.3% of patients in the ravulizumab arm and eculizumab arm, respectively, achieved all composite endpoint component thresholds (treatment difference: 9.4%; 95% confidence interval: −3.0, 21.5). The composite endpoint provided a single and simultaneous measurement of overall benefit for patients receiving treatment for PNH. Use of the composite endpoint in future PNH research is recommended to determine clinical benefit, and its use in health technology assessments should be evaluated.
Fast but steady: An integrated leaf‐stem‐root trait syndrome for woody forest invaders
Authors: Fridley Jason D. , Bauerle Taryn L. , Craddock Alaä , Ebert Alex R. , Frank Douglas A. , Heberling J. Mason , Hinman Elise D. , Jo Insu , Martinez Kelsey A. , Smith Maria S. , Woolhiser Lauren J. , Yin Jingjing
Published: January 2022

Successful control and prevention of biological invasions depend on identifying traits of non‐native species that promote fitness advantages in competition with native species. Here, we show that, among 76 native and non‐native woody plants of deciduous forests of North America, invaders express a unique functional syndrome that combines high metabolic rate with robust leaves of longer lifespan and a greater duration of annual carbon gain, behaviours enabled by seasonally plastic xylem structure and rapid production of thin roots. This trait combination was absent in all native species examined and suggests the success of forest invaders is driven by a novel resource‐use strategy. Furthermore, two traits alone—annual leaf duration and nuclear DNA content—separated native and invasive species with 93% accuracy, supporting the use of functional traits in invader risk assessments. A trait syndrome reflecting both fast growth capacity and understorey persistence may be a key driver of forest invasions.
Association between depression and motoric cognitive risk syndrome among community‐dwelling older adults in China: A 4‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Xu Weihao , Bai Anying , Liang Yuanfeng , Lin Zhanyi
Published: January 2022

Background and purpose

Depression can lead to a wide range of adverse health outcomes, including dementia. However, evidence supporting the relationship between depression and motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), a pre‐dementia syndrome, remains lacking. This study aimed to examine the association between depression and MCR among community‐dwelling Chinese older adults.

Methods

Data were taken from the 2011 and 2015 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Depression was defined by a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) score ≥10. MCR was defined as subjective cognitive complaints and objective slow gait speed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between depression and MCR at baseline and a 4‐year follow‐up period for the sample population and gender groups.

Results

The prevalence of MCR was higher in participants with depression than in those without depression at baseline (12.2% vs. 8.9%; p = 0.001). Participants with depression at baseline had a higher 4‐year incidence of MCR than those without depression (14.8% vs. 8.7%; p < 0.001). Both cross‐sectional analysis (odds ratio [OR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.75) and prospective analysis (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.56–2.44) demonstrated that depression was significantly associated with MCR. These associations were consistent across different gender groups and stronger among female individuals.

Conclusions

Depression is an independent risk factor for MCR among community‐dwelling Chinese older adults. Special attention should be paid to the care of older people with depression to reduce the occurrence of MCR and even dementia.
Daratumumab for treatment‐refractory antibody‐mediated diseases in neurology
Authors: Scheibe Franziska , Ostendorf Lennard , Prüss Harald , Radbruch Helena , Aschman Tom , Hoffmann Sarah , Blau Igor‐Wolfgang , Meisel Christian , Alexander Tobias , Meisel Andreas
Published: January 2022

Background and purpose

A fraction of patients with antibody‐mediated autoimmune diseases remain unresponsive to first‐/second‐line and sometimes even to escalation immunotherapies. Because these patients are still affected by poor outcome and increased mortality, we investigated the safety and efficacy of the plasma cell‐depleting anti‐CD38 antibody daratumumab in life‐threatening, antibody‐mediated autoimmune diseases.

Methods

In this retrospective, single‐center case series, seven patients with autoantibody‐driven neurological autoimmune diseases (autoimmune encephalitis, n = 5; neurofascin antibody‐associated chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy associated with sporadic late onset nemaline myopathy, n = 1; seronegative myasthenia gravis, n = 1) unresponsive to a median of four (range = 4–9) immunotherapies were treated with four to 20 cycles of 16 mg/kg daratumumab.

Results

Daratumumab allowed a substantial clinical improvement in all patients, as measured by modified Rankin Scale (mRS; before treatment: mRS =5, n = 7; after treatment: median mRS =4, range = 0–5), Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (from median 21 to 3 points, n = 5), Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment disability score (from 7 to 0 points, n = 1), and Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis score (from 16 to 8 points, n = 1). Daratumumab induced a substantial reduction of disease‐specific autoreactive antibodies, total IgG (serum, 66%, n = 7; cerebrospinal fluid, 58%, n = 5), and vaccine‐induced titers for rubella (50%) and tetanus toxoid (74%). Treatment‐related toxicities Grade 3 or higher occurred in five patients, including one death.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that daratumumab provided a clinically relevant depletion of autoreactive long‐lived plasma cells, identifying plasma cell‐targeted therapies as promising escalation therapy for highly active, otherwise treatment‐refractory autoantibody‐mediated neurological diseases.
Prosthetics of the Soul: Disability, Christianity, and Transitional Experience in Uganda
Authors: Zoanni Tyler
Published: January 2022

This article reflects on the religious narratives and psychological processes of transformation in the life of a disabled man in Uganda. It calls attention to the work of Christian genre conventions that privilege decisive breaks as well as to the ways that this man's subjectivity is irreducible to such breaks. Here, the article takes inspiration from psychodynamic approaches and a psychoanalytic ethics of close listening. The analysis draws particularly on the work of D. W. Winnicott to think about transformation as “transition” or a mode of personal development that is partial, uneven, and reliant on enabling objects and relations. It conceives of these objects and relations as “prosthetics of the soul” that scaffold people's material and psychic lives, allowing change that is meaningful yet rarely seamless or straightforward.
Global crustacean stock assessment modelling: Reconciling available data and complexity
Authors: Hodgdon Cameron T. , Khalsa Noah S. , Li Yunzhou , Sun Ming , Boenish Robert , Chen Yong
Published: January 2022

Despite their growing socio‐economic importance globally, relatively little is understood about how crustacean stocks are assessed, which has potential to compromise fishery sustainability, especially under heavy exploitation and environmental changes. To inform stock assessment model application for emergent fisheries, we evaluated model use for crustacean stocks available in the RAM Legacy Database (RAMLDB) and the evolution of model use for four case‐study fisheries, emphasizing the relationship between data availability and model complexity. Differences in model use between FAO fishing regions and crustacean species sub‐groups were identified. Only 60.9% of crustacean stocks in the RAMLDB identified the model used for assessment. For the remaining stocks, we collected ancillary data to fill the information gaps, amounting to 92.5% of crustacean stocks in RAMLDB. Of these, model complexity varied from count‐based to environmentally explicit statistical catch‐at‐length methods, but tended to be data intensive, likely due to biases towards regions with more developed fishery management programmes. Furthermore, regional comparisons indicated that crustaceans are only well‐assessed in a few geographical hotspots. The progression of model use over time was inconsistent between case‐study fisheries, being driven by myriad factors including data availability, confidence in biological processes and ecological considerations. Our findings can be used as a resource to help inform model choice for fisheries management. Towards the goal of seeking global best practices for crustacean stock assessments, future work should address knowledge gaps in regional stock assessment model use and conduct comparative studies to evaluate stock‐specific costs and benefits relating to model complexity.