bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Ethiopia and Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Muhamed Jemal
Published: March 2023

This article makes a comparative analysis of the conditions of ethnicity, ethnic conflict, and the political order of federalism in Ethiopia and Nigeria. Both Ethiopia and Nigeria share common highly ethnically diversified and large numbers of the population, recurrent inter-ethnic conflict, and the adoption of federalism as a system of ethnic conflict management. Also, the two countries depict differences including the status of ethnicity in each country’s version of federalism. While ethnicity is accepted as a means of political mobilization and base of structuring the Ethiopian federation, the Nigerian model unwelcomed ethnic-based political mobilization, and exclusive claims over a particular geography. Despite such different considerations of ethnicity in relation to federal political order, Nigeria and Ethiopia have been hosting ethnic conflicts that negatively affect the countries’ peace and stability. Neither Ethiopian experiences of ethnic celebrating federalism nor the Nigerian model of geographic federalism is successful to mitigate ethnic conflicts. At the same time, both countries have not practiced democracy and built strong institutions. Based on the common denominators in both countries, this article argues that ethnicity as an explanatory factor to conflicts impedes alternative explanations to the conflicts in terms of ill-functioning democracy and institutions.
Traditional Ecological Knowledge and its Relevance to Sustainable Development
Authors: Rahim Naureen
Published: March 2023

Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) is directly linked to lands, animals, ecology, and natural resources. It is an ancient practice that continued through generations over generations linked to spirituality and sustainability. Often referred to as indigenous knowledge, TEK represents a collective understanding attained over time of the relationship between traditional communities and the earth. TEK is preserved primarily as an oral tradition and is passed from generation to generation through storytelling, ceremonies, arts, crafts, and songs, media that provide rich context and can flexibly evolve to incorporate new observations and understandings. In this background, this paper highlights the significance and challenges of recognizing TEK in ensuring sustainable development. Central to this understanding is how the TEK is related to the right to development among indigenous communities. The extent that the TEK can contribute to mitigating global challenges shall also be discussed in this article.
The Jonglei Canal Project: South Sudan Students’ Protest, 1974
Authors: Wawa Yosa , Nyibong Daniel
Published: March 2023

In the northern part of South Sudan, due to the flatness of the terrain, the flow of the White Nile has been greatly slowed down resulting in the formation of vast swamps called sudd (barrier) in Arabic. The Dinka, Nuer and the Shilluk refer to this flood plain as toich. It is central to their livelihoods. In 1974 Egypt and Sudan agreed to construct a canal to divert the water of the White Nile away from the sudd area. This canal, referred to as the Jonglei Canal, was to run between Bor and Sobat River. Many people in South Sudan were opposed to the construction of this canal. Using rumours, they mobilized students to oppose the construction of the canal through strikes which resulted unfortunately in the killing of two students, closure of schools, and arrests or exiling of some politicians.
Editorial - 37
Authors: Byambakhishig Purevsuren
Published: March 2023

No  Abstract in English
Wisdom of Chinggis Khaan
Authors: Ch. Batyn Gan-Ulzii
Published: March 2023

Philosophy differs from the sciences, on the one hand, by hidden power, magical beliefs (magic), and on the other hand, the ideas of mysticism, and on the other hand, the real material experience of the living world is worshipped with foresight, intuition, emotional power and meaning. The article states that during the reign of Genghis Khagan, philosophy was formed in a form close to European, in terms of the content of naturalistic nomadic life wisdom. Genghis Hagan could...

Чингис хааны мэргэн ухаан

Хураангуй: Философийг шинжлэх ухаануудаас өөрөөр нэг талаас, далдын хүч, ид шидийн итгэл үнэмшил (magic), агийн ёс (mysticism)-ны санаалаг юмс нөгөө талаас, амьдрах ертөнцийн бодит материаллаг туршлагатай шүтэн барилдуулж урьдах ухаан, урьдаас мэдрэх зөн билиг, сэтгэл хөдлөлийн хүч, утгын тайлал, мэдэгдэхүүний билгийн ухаарлын чинад эргэн хянах арга зүй болгон ашиглаж байгаад судалгааны шинэлэг тал оршино

Tүлхүүр үгс: мэргэн ухаан, сэцлэх, мэдэгдэхүүн, бичиг, уоьдах, найраг
On the methodological problems of some works which have been studying Mongolian philosophy since the 1990s
Authors: Sukhbat Soyolmaa
Published: March 2023

In this article, we would like to briefly consider the experience of studying Mongolian philosophy since the 1990s, and then propose some new methodological approaches. When we selected some of the works that have studied the Mongolian philosophy since the 1990s, we tried to choose the works of scientists and philosophers who have been discussed and approved by the academic council of the professional organization, are recognized by the public, or have received their doctorates. In these works, we carefully considered the experience of dealing with philosophy, and focused only on methodological issues. Since the 1990s, the experience of studying Mongolian philosophy through historical-comparative methods has been predominant. Also, there is a common tendency that most of the research scientists considered Mongolian philosophy only in terms of socio-political relations or in the context of Buddhist religion. In the result of discussion, we came to a conclusion that it is important to study Mongolian philosophy in the sense that it is a creative finding, discovers the meaning of concepts, modernizes, solves philosophical fundamental problems, and opens new concepts. When studying Mongolian philosophy, it is advisable to adopt a humanistic and cultural position and combine the methodology with the characteristics of philosophical methods such as phenomenology, hermeneutics, structure-symbolism, and historical comparison.

Монголын философийг 1990 –ээд оноос хойш судалж ирсэн зарим бүтээлийн арга зүйн асуудалд

Энэ өгүүлэлд бид Монголын философийг судалсан 1990-ээд оноос хойших судалгаа шинжилгээний зарим бүтээлүүдийн арга зүйг товч авч үзээд улмаар философийн шинэлэг арга зүйн хандлагыг санал болгохыг зорьсон юм. Бид мэргэжлийн байгууллагын эрдмийн зөвлөлөөр хэлэлцүүлж батлуулсан, олон нийтэд хүлээн зөвшөөрөгдсөн, докторын зэрэг хамгаалсан эрдэмтэн, философичдын бүтээлийг сонгон авч хэлэлцэхийг хичээсэн юм. Эдгээр бүтээлүүдийн Монголын философи, ерөөс философи хэмээх ойлголтыг хэрхэн авч үзсэнийг хэлэлцэж, зөвхөн арга зүйн судалгаанд анхаарлаа хандуулсан. 1990-ээд оноос хойш Монголын философийг түүхэн[1]харьцуулалтын аргаар судлах туршлага зонхилж байна. Мөн судлаач эрдэмтэдийн дийлэнх нь Монголын философийг нийгэм-улс төрийн харилцаанд (нийгмийн бүлэг хоорондын харилцааны утгаар биш) эсвэл Буддын шашны хүрээнд авч үзсэн нийтлэг хандлага байна. Хэлэлцүүлгийн үр дүнд Монголын философийг бүтээлч, ойлголтын утгыг нээдэг, асуудал шийддэг, шинэ ухагдахуун нээдэг гэдэг утгаар нь судлах нь чухал, мөн Монголын философийг судлахад хүмүүнлэг, соёлын байр суурийг баримталж, феноменологи, герменевтик, бүтэц тэмдэг зүйн болон түүхэн харьцуулалтын гэх мэт философийн онцлог бүхий арга зүйг хослуулах нь зүйтэй юм гэсэн дүгнэлтэд хүрсэн юм.

Tүлхүүр үгс: Монгол, философи, түүх, логик, бүтэц, ойлголт, утга, арга, бүтээл, үйл явц
Distinctive features, achievements, and challenges of development policies of neighboring countries
Authors: Omboosuruen Erdenechimeg
Published: March 2023

With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990, its member states and countries with socialist regime faced many challenges and obstacles. Countries have developed differently for more than 30 years, choosing to uphold human values, freedoms, democracy, and a market economy. This is the reason the paper studies how Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia have developed, what challenges they have overcome, and what they have achieved. In the case of Russia and Kazakhstan, the social and economic results have been relatively high due to relatively stable development policies and policies. Mongolia, on the other hand, is a unique country with very unstable political and development policies, natural resource dependent economy, underdeveloped industries, with high unemployment and poverty. The level of development of South Korea is incredible. It is a country that has succeeded in implementing a market economy government with a lot of effort. The above research shows the higher is the sustainability of political and development policies, the higher success it shows for socio-economic development

Хөрш орнуудын хөгжлийн бодлогын онцлог: ололт, амжилт, сорилт, бэрхшээл

1990 онд Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс задран унаснаар түүний бүрэлдэхүүнд байсан улс орнууд болон социалист системд байсан улс орнууд олон сорилт, бэрхшээлүүдтэй нүүр тулсан. Эдгээр улс орнууд хүн төрөлхтний үнэт зүйл болсон хүний эрх, эрх чөлөө, ардчиллыг дээдлэх, зах зээлийн эдийн засгийг тууштай баримтлах замыг сонгож өнөөдрийг хүртэл энэ чиг баримжаагаар 30 гаруй жил хөгжиж байна. Тиймээс ОХУ, Казакстан, Өмнөд Солонгос, Монгол улсуудын хөгжлийн онцлог юу байв, ямар амжилтанд хүрсэн, ямар сорилт бэрхшээл тулгарч буйг харьцуулан дүгнэх зорилгоор эл илтгэлийг бичиж байна. ОХУ ба Казакстаны хувьд төрийн бодлого болон хөгжлийн бодлого нь тогтвортой хэрэгжиж ирсэн. Монгол Улсын тухайд улс төр, хөгжлийн бодлого тогтворгүй, байгалийн баялагаас хэт хамааралтай эдийн засагтай, үйлдвэрлэл сул хөгжсөн, ажилгүйдэл, ядуурал өндөртэй улс юм. Өмнөд Солонгосын хувьд хөгжлийн хүрсэн түвшин бол гайхамшиг. Нийтлэлийн харьцуулсан судалгаанаас харахад улс төрийн болон хөгжлийн бодлого хэдий чинээ тогтвортой байх нь төдий чинээ улс орны нийгэм, эдийн засгийн хөгжил үр дүнтэй байдгийг харуулж байна.

Түлхүүр үг: Нийгэм-эдийн засгийн бодлого, инфляцийн түвшин, ажилгүйдлийн түвшин, авилгын индекс, дотоодын нийт бүтээгдэхүүн, (ДНБ), бодлого, Монгол, ОХУ, Казакстан, Өмнөд Солонгос.
Image formation of Political leaders and technology
Authors: Urtnasan Battseren
Published: March 2023

In the previous issue of the magazine, some concepts of political leader's image formation such as leader's image, image and charisma, courage and bravery, and winner's image were briefly explained. In this article, as a continuation of the above topic, I will briefly explain the concepts of political leader's entourage, political leader's team, politician's self-concept, from candidate to political leader, political leader's leadership, and framing the image of a political leader.

Улс төрийн лидерийн имиж бүрдүүлэлт ба технологи

Хураангуй: Тус сэтгүүлийн өмнөх дугаарт улс төрийн лидерийн имиж бүрдүүлэлтийн зарим нэгэн ойлголт болох лидерийн имиж, имиж ба харизм, зориг ба омгорхол, ялагчийн имижийн талаар товч тайлбарласан билээ. Өгүүлэлдээ дээрх сэдвийн үргэлжлэл болох улс төрийн лидерийн тойрон хүрээлэгчид, Улс төрийн лидерийн баг, улс төрчийн би концепци, нэр дэвшигчээс улс төрийн лидер хүртэл, улс төрийн лидерийн манлайлал, улс төрийн лидер имижээ хайрцаглах гэсэн ойлголтуудын талаар товч тайлбарлан өгүүлэх болно.

Түлхүүр үг: улс төрийн лидер, имиж, баг, нэр дэвшигч, сонгууль, сонгогч харизм, омгорхол, би концепци, манлайлал, имижмейкер
Social and cultural nature on Freud`'s theory
Authors: Dorjpurev Chuluungerel , Bold-Erdene Myagmartseren
Published: March 2023

One of the most influential branches of modern Western philosophy is Freud’s theory. Freud’s psychoanalysis focuses on the question of human and his place in the world. Therefore, in recent years Z. Freud and his successors have been studying the psychoanalytical doctrines from many angles. His views are truly multisided. The distinguishing feature of Z. Freud from the thinkers of previous generation is that he mainly considered the role of internal factors in human development and existence. The inner world of a person is the main thing that defines a person, so the object is not the external world, but the inner world and mental events of a person.

Фройдын онол дахь нийгэм, соёлын мөн чанарыг тайлбарлах нь

Хураангуй: Орчин үеийн Өрнийн философийн нөлөө бүхий нэг гол чиглэл нь Фройдийн онол юм. Фройдийн психоаналилизийн онолд хүн, түүний ертөнцөд эзлэх байр суурийн тухай асуудал голлодог. Тиймээс ч сүүлийн жилүүдэд З.Фройд, түүнийг залгамжлагчдын сэтгэл зүйн шинжилгээний сургаалыг олон талаас нь судлах болжээ. Түүний үзэл нь үнэхээр олон талтай юм. Өмнөх үеийн сэтгэгчдээс З.Фройдийн ялгагдах онцлог нь хүний хөгжил болон оршихуйд түүний дотоод хүчин зүйлийн үүргийг гол болгон авч үзсэн явдал юм. Хүний дотоод ертөнц сэтгэц нь хүнийг тодорхойлогч гол зүйл болдог тул объект нь гадаад ертөнц бус, харин хүний дотоод ертөнц, сэтгэцийн үйл явдлууд болдог.

Tүлхүүр үгс: психоаналитик философи, нийгэм соёл, хүний хѳгжил, ёс суртахуун, улс төрийн хошуучлагч
Policy decision, planning and budgeting: legal regulations and implement
Authors: Tseevendorj Bayanmunkh
Published: March 2023

It is discussed that the main problems to the development policy and planning in Mongolia are unstable and without connection, relation and evaluation. Mongolia has passed five long term development policy in the last 25 years and it means one long term policy implemented only five years averagely. In order to solve this problem, the concept of stability of the state development policy and planning is written to the constitution of Mongolia in 2019. Some laws and regulations are being changed in order to implement this concept efficiently. One of the bases of stable implement of development policy is relation between policy and budgeting. The purpose of this article is to do some research related to these issues including the legal regulations to the connection and relationship between development policy, planning and budgeting. The document of the state budget is a kind of documents related to development policy and planning.

Бодлогын шийдвэр, төлөвлөлт, төсөвлөлтийн уялдааг хангах нь: эрх зүйн зохицуулалт, хэрэгжилт

Монгол Улсын хөгжлийн бодлого, төлөвлөлтөд тулгамдаж байгаа асуудалд бодлого тогтвортой үйлчилдэггүй, залгамж чанарыг хангаж чаддаггүй, үр дүнг нь үнэлж дүгнэдэггүй гэсэн дүгнэлт хийгддэг. Зөвхөн урт хугацааны хөгжлийн бодлогыг авч үзэхэд л сүүлийн 25 жилийн хугацаанд 5 дахь бодлогоо батлан гаргаад байгаа бөгөөд нэг баримт бичгийн дундаж хугацаа 5 жил байгаа юм. Энэ байдлыг засах үүднээс хөгжлийн бодлого, төлөвлөлт тогтвортой байна гэсэн агуулгыг Үндсэн хуульд 2019 онд оруулсан нэмэлт, өөрчлөлтөөр тусган энэ үзэл бармтлалд хууль тогтоомжийг нийцүүлэх ажил хийгдэж байна. Хөгжлийн бодлого, төлөвлөлт тогтвортой байх, хэрэгжих нэг үндэс нь бодлого болон төсөвлөлтийн уялдаатай байдал юм. Үүнийг хууль тогтоомжийн хүрээнд хэрхэн хангаж байгаа хийгээд хэрэгжүүлэх явцад тулгамдаж байгаа хууль, эрх зүйн зохицуулалт байгаа эсэхэд шинжилгээ хийхийг зорив.

Tүлхүүр үгс: хөгжлийн бодлого, төлөвлөлт, хууль тогтоомжийн
Model and experience of cultural policy and some issues of Mongolian cultural policy
Authors: Ayurzana Tsanjid
Published: March 2023

The article compares some issues of Mongolia's cultural policy with the experience of cultural policy in European countries, the model of cultural policy, the works of scholars on cultural policy, and the goals of cultural policy in the documents of cultural policy of international organizations. aims and some implementation issues are discussed.

Соёлын бодлогын загвар, туршлага болон Монгол Улсын соёлын бодлогын зарим асуудал

Хураангуй: Эл өгүүлэлд Монгол Улсын соёлын бодлогын зарим асуудлыг Европын орнуудын соёлын бодлогын туршага, соёлын бодлогын загвар, сойлын бодлогын талаарх эрдэмтэн судлаачдын бүтээл, олон улсын байгууллагуудын соёлын бодлогын талаарх баримт бичиг дэх соёлын бодлогын зорилго зэрэгтэй харьцуулахын зэрэгцээ соёлын орчны өөрчлөлттэй холбон Монгол Улсын соёлын бодлогын загвар, зорилго, хэрэгжилтийн зарим асуудлыг авч үзсэн болно.

Tүлхүүр үгс: соёлын бодлого, соёлын бодлогын загвар, соёлын дархлаа, үнэт зүйлс
General concepts of policy study: Foundations of policy study in Mongolia
Authors: Luvsanbayar Uyanga
Published: March 2023

The main subject of the Policy study is state policy and its execution method. As there are many definitions and interpretations regarding state policies, respective to Thomas Dye, William Jenkins, and James Anderson’s interpretations can be summarized as “State policy shall be operative agenda of the government and its agents to partially or wholly address the necessities of the society”. Initially, a Policy study was established in Mongolia with the aim to offer recommendations and suggestions on state policies and government operations, but these days the ones with substantial capability in policy development and its implementation are the ones who are of using it to the fullest extension. Therefore, it is imperative to focus on the establishment or development of a policy study institution that has a reliable and accurate source of information and is capable of anticipating changes in society.

Бодлого судлалын ерөнхий ойлголт: Mонгол дахь бодлогын судалгааны үндэс

Бодлого судлалын гол судлагдахуун нь төрийн бодлого хийгээд түүнийг хэрэгжүүлэх үйл явц юм. Төрийн бодлогын тухай олон тодорхойлолт байдгаас Томас Дай, Виллиам Женкинс, Жеймс Андерсон нарийн тодорхойлолтуудыг нэгтгэн “Төрийн бодлого гэдэг нь төрийн байгууллага, албан тушаалтнуудын хуулиар олгогдсон эрх мэдлийн хүрээнд нийгэмд тулгамдсан асуудлыг хэсэгчилсэн болон цогц байдлаар шийдвэрлэх үйл ажиллагааны чиглэл юм” хэмээн тодорхойлж болно. Монгол Улсад бодлогын судалгаа нь төрийн бодлого үйл ажиллагаанд заавар, зөвлөмж өгөх үүрэг бүхий үүссэн ч өнөө үед бодлого боловсруулалт, хэрэгжүүлэлтээрээ хамгийн хүчтэй улс орон л байгаа бүх боломж бололцоогоо бүрэн дүүрэн ашиглаж чадаж байна. Тиймээс цаг үе, нийгмийн өөрчлөлтийг урьдчилан тооцоолох чадвартай, үнэн, зөв, бодитой мэдээллийн эх сурвалж бүхий Бодлогын судалгааны институцийн хөгжилд нэн түрүүнд анхаарах нь чухал юм.

Tүлхүүр үгс: улс төрийн бодлого, бодлогын ухаан, бодлогын судалгаа, бодлогын шинжилгээ
Local governments and community-based rehabilitation for developmental disabilities: leaving no one behind
Authors: Jose P. , Kumar S. S. , Chandru B. A. , Sundaram S. , Vijayanand S. M. , Kutty V. R. , Varma R. P.
Published: March 2023

SETTING:
 The BUDS (not an acronym) institutions comprise a community-based rehabilitation initiative for children and families affected by developmental disabilities in Kerala, India.

OBJECTIVE:

To explore the role of local governments in the establishment and functioning of BUDS institutions.

DESIGN:
 We used qualitative approaches comprising document review and in-depth interviews with trainers, parents of children with
developmental disabilities and elected representatives.

RESULTS:
 BUDS was created by Kudumbasree, a decentralised women empowerment and poverty alleviation initiative. Our findings illustrate the role of local governments in facilitating
expansion through the establishment of infrastructure, therapy equipment, transportation and financial allocation for these, as well as through the development of human resources, assistance with enrolment for financial assistance and insurance programmes, and coordination with education and
health sectors. Programme implementation varied considerably regarding available infrastructure, staffing and services among the institutions studied. The institutions were physically closed during the COVID-19 pandemic but continued to function in alternative ways.

CONCLUSION:
 Despite variable implementation, local governments have supported the expansion of BUDS institutions, thereby creating more spaces for inclusive and integrated education and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities in Kerala. The expansion over
the past two decades and measures during the COVID-19 pandemic suggest resilience and sustainability of the model.
Palliative care management committees: a model of collaborative governance for primary health care
Authors: Kochuvilayil A. , Rajalakshmi S. , Krishnan A. , Vijayanand S. M. , Kutty V. R. , Iype T. , Varma R. P.
Published: March 2023

SETTING:
 The community-based primary palliative care programme in Kerala, India, has received international acclaim. Programme functioning is supported through Palliative Care Management Committees (PMCs) at the local government (LG) level.

OBJECTIVE:
 To study the functioning of the PMCs within the decentralised governance space to identify achievements, gaps and notable innovations.

DESIGN:
 This qualitative study included
seven key informant interviews (KIIs), 28 in-depth interviews and a review of relevant publicly available policies and documents. Major themes were recognised from the KII transcripts. Codes emerging from the document review and in-depth interview transcripts were mapped into the identified
thematic areas.

RESULTS:
 Successful PMCs raised resources like money, human resource, equipment, had good skilled care options for symptom relief and facilitated reduced out-of-pocket expenditure by providing home care and free medicines,
and improved access to interventions that addressed the social determinants of suffering like poverty. PMCs had varying managerial and technical capacities. In some LGs, the programme was weak and mostly limited to the supply of medicines, basic aids and appliances to patients’ homes.

CONCLUSION:
 Despite varied implementation patterns, PMCs in Kerala are examples of state-supported, community-owned care initiatives, that can potentially address medical and social determinants of suffering.
Role of decentralised governance in implementing the National AIDS Control Programme in Kerala
Authors: Kamala R. , Ravindran R. M. , Krishnan R. A. , Nair S. , Varma R. P. , Srilatha S. , Iype T. , Vidhukumar K.
Published: March 2023

SETTING:
 In alignment with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Kerala State in India aims to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic, using its strong background in local governance to implement the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP).

OBJECTIVE:
 To examine the role of local governments in the implementation of NACP in tune with SDGs.

DESIGN:
 We conducted a state-wide exploratory study using document reviews, key informant
and in-depth interviews, which were analysed thematically.

RESULTS:
 Four overarching themes that emerged were 1) preparation for programme implementation, 2) positive impact of local government involvement, 3) convergence with other organisations,
and 4) barriers to implementation. Local government commitment to implementing the programme was evidenced by their adoption of the HIV/AIDS policy, facilitative interdepartmental coordination and local innovations. Interventions focused on improving awareness about the disease and treatment,
and social, financial and rehabilitative support, which were extended even during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fund shortages and poor visibility of the beneficiaries due to preference for anonymity were challenges to achieving the expected outcomes.

CONCLUSION:

The NACP is ably supported by local governments in its designated domains of interventions, prevention, treatment, and care and support. The programme can achieve its target to end the AIDS epidemic by overcoming the stigma factor, which still prevents potential beneficiaries from accessing
care.
Re-engineering primary healthcare in Kerala
Authors: Krishnan A. , Varma R. P. , Kamala R. , Anju R. , Vijayakumar K. , Sadanandan R. , Jameela P. K. , Shinu K. S. , Soman B. , Ravindran R. M.
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:
 In the backdrop of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the state of Kerala, India, revamped its existing primary health centres (PHCs) into people-friendly family health centres (FHCs) in order to provide comprehensive primary
care as part of a mission-based (‘Aardram’) initiative. It was envisioned that the mission’s implementation and operation would make use of decentralised governance. The present study explored how the decentralised governance influenced reorganisation of primary care.

METHODS:
 The study adopted an exploratory approach using qualitative methods: key informant interviews (n = 8), in-depth interviews (n = 20) and document reviews. Thematic analysis was done following deductive coding and
the themes that emerged were organised under a schema.

RESULTS:
 The results could be summarised under five overarching themes. Strong political commitment, combined with bureaucratic competence, facilitated implementation and functioning
of ‘Aardram’ primary care. The insights developed through multi-sectoral training helped local governments (LGs) get involve and engage with the health system as a team in order to plan and implement interventions. The decentralised governance structures enabled re-engineering
of PHCs by mobilisation of financial resources, provision of human resources, infrastructure modification, and enhanced community participation at various levels. Non-uniformity of commitment, sub-optimal engagement of urban LGs and issues of sustainability and monitoring were the shortcomings
observed.

CONCLUSION:
 Decentralised governance played a positive role in the re-engineering of PHCs, which was utilised as a platform to demonstrate best practices in health governance through a participatory approach. The importance
of empowering LGs through capacity building to address challenges in achieving primary care SDGs is highlighted in this study.
Local government stewardship for TB elimination in Kerala, India
Authors: Rakesh P. S. , Nair S. , Kamala R. , Manu M. S. , Mrithunjayan S. K. , Valamparampil M. J. , Kutty V. Raman , Sadanandan R.
Published: March 2023

SETTING:
 The southern Indian state of Kerala has implemented ‘Kerala Tuberculosis Elimination Mission’ as ‘People’s Movement against TB’ under the stewardship of local governments (LGs). The state has been certified
by the Government of India for being on track to attain the UN Sustainable Development Goals related to TB elimination.

OBJECTIVE:
 To document the role of LG stewardship in the successful implementation of the TB elimination activities
in Kerala.

DESIGN:
 1) Key informant interviews with four state officials, 2) desk review of available documents, 3) in-depth interviews with seven LG leaders, three mid-level programme managers and three health department field staff.

RESULTS:
 LG involvement led to the establishment of solutions based on local problems, enhanced outreach of services to the socially vulnerable individuals, improved treatment support to patients with TB, increased community ownership
of TB elimination activities, reduced TB-related stigma and social determinants being addressed. Institutional mechanisms such as LG TB elimination task forces, formal guidance in planning interventions and appreciation of their performance in the form of awards were facilitators for LG involvement.

CONCLUSION:
 LG stewardship can accelerate TB elimination. A good plan for engagement and institutional mechanisms are crucial for LG involvement.
The Impact of Technology on Education: A Case Study of Schools
Authors: Kiong Jairo Florinio
Published: March 2023

In this analysis, we look into how digital tools have altered classroom practice. Technology has had a profound effect on rural education through the use of online resources, improved communication between students and teachers, personalized learning, and expanded access to higher education. Based on the findings of this research, it appears that technological advancements have improved the educational experience by giving students more opportunities to learn, more ways to learn, more control over their learning, and more ways to further their education.
Closing the Achievement Gap: An Analysis of Equity-Based Educational Interventions
Authors: Haxhiu Zairika
Published: March 2023

The ongoing differences in academic performance and outcomes between student groups represents a significant problem for educators worldwide. As a possible remedy, equity-based educational interventions have been receiving more and more attention for their focus on removing the structural impediments that contribute to the achievement gap. The purpose of this research is to analyze how well equity-based educational interventions reduce the gap in academic performance. The research technique included both a literature review and case studies of three schools that had already implemented equity-based educational interventions. Schools were chosen as case studies because of their track records of success in reducing the achievement gap through the implementation of various equity-based initiatives. When implemented with fidelity and supported by good leadership and a positive school culture, the results of this study demonstrate that equity-based educational interventions can be beneficial in reducing the achievement gap. Significant gains in student achievement and school atmosphere, as well as improved participation and engagement from traditionally underrepresented student populations, were observed in the case study schools. A lack of resources and support, resistance to change, and the complexity of tackling structural disparities were all highlighted as obstacles to the successful implementation of equity-based interventions in the study. These results stress the importance of continuing to work for equity-based interventions and to guarantee that all children have access to the tools and opportunity they need to achieve.
Educators Strategies: Overcoming Students’ Speaking Difficulties
Authors: Rezeki Ria
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the study to know how teachers actually put their "strategies in teaching speaking class" into practice. This study employed a descriptive qualitative methodology. The result of the study show that The teacher at SMA Negeri 1 Selayar employs a number of methods to help her students overcome their speech impairments, including role playing as a means of encouraging students to express and expand upon their own ideas in relation to a given theme, group discussions to increase students' fluency in English and comprehension of assigned material, and the use of games to expand students' vocabularies in the language. Role playing is the most popular tactic, and The positive reaction from pupils at SMA Negeri 1 Selayar suggests that the methods being used to help them are effective.
Analysis of Students’ Morphological Awareness
Authors: Naser Waad Dawood , Gandhi Nilotpala
Published: March 2023

The paper is a qualitative study to analyze the morphological awareness and other linguistic aspects based on the morphemic knowledge of English language students learning as second language. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of morphology in their language acquisition. The study has been conducted among 70 college students as a primary and secondary research. The method used is a written mixed structured test divided in 3 sections. The results extracted give a fair idea on how this study was instrumental in establishing certain hypotheses. The level of morphological awareness among college students and its usage abilities are highlighted in the paper.
The Effect of Gamification and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) towards Intention to Buy in Online Travel Agent Traveloka
Authors: Natasya Fenny , Susilo Clarissa L.
Published: March 2023

These days, it can be seen that the world’s population keeps on rising. This growth in population has different effect in different sectors, including the tourism sector – especially in the accommodation and transportation sectors. In order to fulfill this demand, travel agent emerge as an organization who helps consumer during their trip. With the emerge of digitalization in every single aspect of lives, these days people prefer to use an Online Travel Agent (OTA) to help them with their trip. The study's objective is to determine if the online travel agency Traveloka's use of gamification and the Technology Acceptance Model influences consumers' desire to make a purchase. SPSS was used for data analysis in this study. Research shows that gamification has a sizeable impact on purchase desire in the online travel agency Traveloka. Evidently, TAM also has a substantial impact on consumers' desire to make a purchase through OTA Traveloka.
Implementation of Grant Management Policy and Social Assistance for the City of Bekasi
Authors: Indrijantoro Widodo , Irwansyah Iwan , Hernando Redo Alpha , Sukeri Biyan
Published: March 2023

Grant spending must be managed in an orderly manner, in compliance with laws and regulations, efficiently, economically, effectively, transparently and responsibly with due observance of the principles of fairness, decency, rationality and benefits for society. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of management, obstacles and solutions in the management of grants and social assistance based on the Minister of Home Affairs regulation number 32 of 2011. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The results show that the management of grant funds and social assistance at the Bekasi City Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency in 2018 has not been carried out properly. Some of the obstacles to managing grants and social assistance are the lack of staff, staff who have not received training regarding the management of grants, incomplete rules and procedures for managing grants, and overlapping allocations of funds in grant spending.
The Influence of Job Training, Work Competency, and Job Evaluation on Employee Performance at PT. BPR Bank Jombang Perseroda
Authors: Darmavika Denis Mega Aulia , Ridwan M Sihab
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine partially or simultaneously namely the independent variables of Job Training, Job Competence, and Job Evaluation with dependent variable Employee Performance at PT. BPR Bank Jombang Perseroda. The method in this study uses the validity test, test reliability and classical assumption test, data analysis was performed by Regression Analysis Multiple Linear and Determination Coefficient Analysis (R²), while technique hypothesis testing using the t test and F test. Job Training partially positive and significant to Employee Performance, Work Competence partially positive but not significant effect on employee performance, research Job Evaluation partially has a positive and significant effect on performance Employee. F test or Simultaneously the variables of Job Training, Work Competency, and Job Evaluation have an effect significant to Employee Performance.
Factors Affecting the Application of Management Accounting to MSMEs
Authors: Suryana Asep , Rifa'i Asep Achmad , Firmansyah Deri
Published: March 2023

The success of an enterprise depends on many managerial decisions that are based on accounting information, in particular management accounting (MA). There are several factors that influence the application of MA in individual and group business, entrepreneurship and MSMEs. This study examines and analyzes the factors that influence the application of MA to MSMEs with HR's Skills, business characteristics, business environment and business strategy. The research sample was 34 MSMEs actors, using purposive sampling techniques. Research findings prove that human resource skills, business characteristics, business environment, and business strategy have a significant positive effect on the application of MA both individually and simultaneously. Management accounting seems to continue to be a scientific tool for managers to carry out operations, control and decision-making in a satisfactory way. The effectiveness of implementing MA is increasingly important to improve operating efficiency and management performance.
Optimizing the Performance of State Civil Servants in the Secretariat of the Gorontalo Province Education and Training Agency
Authors: Kasim Yusuf , Rachma Ellys , Thalib Tety
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to describe the optimization of the performance of the State Civil Apparatus in the Secretariat of the Gorontalo Provincial Education and Training Agency. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, interview techniques, and documentation studies. Data analysis using qualitative analysis is inductive. The results of the research show that ASN's Work Results, Competence, Initiatives, Discipline have shown good results. However, ASN still need the opportunity to take part in training so they can improve their competence. In addition, there are several ASNs who develop new ideas in solving problems in carrying out their duties. In terms of discipline, it shows that there are still ASN personnel who have a low level of discipline. Discipline plays a very important role in the implementation of employee work.
Employee Retention Strategies of Hotel Industries in the Philippines Amidst the Pandemic
Authors: Galang John Paul , Pablo John Jay , Melad Quennie , Tamaray Gemilu Ann , Velasco Rizza , Catacutan Karen Joy
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to determine the strategies of accredited hotel industries in retaining their employees amidst the pandemic in Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines. A quantitative research design employing descriptive research method was used in the study. The respondents of the study were the human resource manager or hotel owner of each accredited hotels in Tuguegarao City using a questionnaire. The findings of the study confirm that fourteen (14) strategies are fully employed in the five accredited hotels. However, the strategy concerning about the remuneration of employees even if there is a reduction in their total salary due to the limited working scheme set by the government is employed.
Experiences and Challenges encountered by the Pre-service teachers in a Community Immersion Program
Authors: Obispo Kristoffer Paul
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the experiences and challenges of pre-service teachers in a community immersion program from a local higher education institution in Olongapo City, Philippines. Phenomenological method of research is used in this study which was participated by a total of 32 pre-service teacher. According to the participants, this provides them with experiences that gives them motivation and inspiration to pursue teaching. This also gave the pre-service teacher a hint of what may be experienced in the actual teaching field such as managing the class, and diversity of the learners. On the other hand, the challenges they encountered was related to the class environment. It is recommended to provide more time allocation for the implementation of community immersion.
Gen-Z Local Wisdom Campaign Agenda in the Framework of Counter Hegemony, Digital Hegemony, Cultural Hegemony
Authors: Haqqi Halifa , Wijayati Hasna
Published: March 2023

Gen Z is currently facing challenges from foreign hegemony that comes with digital technology. The research analyses Gen-Z local wisdom campaign agenda in framework of counter-hegemony, digital-hegemony, and cultural-hegemony. This study uses a method based on research-based development, involving 100 Gen-Z participants with a series of discussion agendas and a local wisdom campaign on their social media. Result show that local wisdom content can be a solution for educating young people to have positive activities such as getting to know local values, increasing nationalism, and counteracting negative impacts of foreign cultural hegemony. It concluded that local wisdom can be a counter to hegemony that takes place in the new era of digital hegemony, as form of cultural hegemony.
The Assistance of The School Health Unit "UKS" Development to Optimize Health Among Elementary Students
Authors: Rahayu Henik Tri , Rohmah Anis Ika Nur
Published: March 2023

School health units (in Indonesian abbreviation as "UKS") in educational institutions can sustain healthy behavior and optimize student growth and development. The lack of UKS facilities and no particular UKS supervisors resulted in several health problems among the school members. From these problems, the solutions offered by this community service activity included: support for optimizing/revitalizing UKS functions and health education/counseling related to existing problems to support or improve the health of school members, especially students. This community service has been carried out by providing training and coaching for UKS cadres in the context of empowering UKS cadres to support health in schools. The training materials include first aid management, wound care, and healthy foods. This community service's outcomes include increasing partners' knowledge and skills.
Islam and the Issue of Human Rights: Compatibility or Contradiction
Authors: Adil Hussain Bhat  , Irfan ul Haq
Published: March 2023

Since the Islamic resurgence in early 1970s, there has been a great deal of interest in the ontology of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its consistency with Islam. Ever since its foundation, the notion of human rights have long been the source of continuous contention between modern Muslim and Western intelligentsia. This paper begins with a brief introduction of Islam and the concept of human rights. The primary focus of the paper is to present a better understanding of Islamic law concerning with human rights and to examine the difference between the secular human rights and Islamic human rights. The paper will argue that the human rights in Muslim world have always been explicitly grounded in religious terms.  Moreover, the paper also aims to highlight and understand the rationale why Muslim countries in particular are reluctant to accept or ratify the international covenant on human rights. Notwithstanding that, the purpose of this paper is threefold; (1) to present the human rights concept in Islam; (2) to highlight major differences between the principles of Islamic law and modern human rights notion; (3) to present the rationale behind the major disparities between Islam and the established standard of human rights.
An Analysis of Oral Academic Discourse in Classroom Discussions
Authors: Russel J. Aporbo
Published: March 2023

This discourse analysis is aimed  to investigate the what sorts of speech acts have illocutionary power in constructing academic discussions and the ways speech acts such as disagreements framed and organized such as in turn-taking in oral academic discussions and  how face threatening and maintaining self- mage are conceptualized. This includes thirty minutes conversation between the instructor and her students in a classroom setting. The nature of interaction from the verbal exchanges in academic discussions were examined, analyzed and clarified based on the Speech Act Theory of Austin and Searle, Frame Theory of Goffman and Tannen and lastly, Politeness Theory of Brown and Levinson.  The results showed that the sorts of speech acts have illocutionary power in constructing academic discussions and there are ways that  speech acts such as disagreements are framed and organized such as in turn-taking in oral academic discussions in order to maintain the social image of  the participants of conversation. Verbal interaction at discussions has its way in maintaining the face-work like threatening and displaying positive image. The aspects of face as basic wants are composed of negative and positive faces are applied to acts threatening positive or negative face, and the three variables are - power, social distance and imposition can be applied in just a small segment of conversation. It was revealed that keying’ which consists of an “openly admitted” transformation of untransformed activity and concerns a systematic reworking of
The Relevance of Standard Costing and Variance Analysis in Global Industries Today
Authors: Teoh Choon Hung  , Jaya Kumar Shanmugam
Published: March 2023

Standard Costing and variance analysis are a set of management accounting tools that assist industries in controlling the cost of production. It involved the establishment of a cost standard that is required, and the standard cost was applied for comparison to the product’s actual cost. This article aimed to critically explore and assess the applicability of using standard costing and variance analysis as management accounting tools in today's varied worldwide industries. By compiling the findings from various scholars and researchers, this article primarily examines what standard costing methods and variance analysis are, as well as their advantages, limitations, and usefulness. Moreover, the proposed research framework on the motivation of industries in standard costing technique adoption and recommendations were added for future research purposes in this article. As a result, the article successfully concluded that standard costing techniques and variance analysis were relevant and crucial management accounting tools for industries today.
Academic Freedom and Self-Actualization of Teachers in a Higher Education Institution
Authors: Elvenne Manila-Bate
Published: March 2023

cademic freedom is very important in the performance of duties of the teachers. The study was undertaken to determine how academic freedom affects the self-actualization of the teachers of Palompon Institute of Technology and sought to find out the respondents’ level of understanding and extent of practice of academic freedom; level of self-actualization as well as the significant difference in the level of understanding and extent of practice of academic freedom when respondents are grouped according to their profile variables, significant relationship between the level of understanding on academic freedom and its extent of practice, and the significant relationship between academic freedom and self-actualization. Results of the study revealed that there is a significant difference in the level of understanding and extent of practice of academic freedom and self-
Integral Human Development in Higher Education and HIV-AIDS Advocacy Work of Filipino Artists
Authors: Brian Saludes Bantugan
Published: March 2023

A research funded by the National Research Council of the Philippines, this study looked into the ideas informing artworks and networks of participation and influence (NPI) of the artist-advocates who help address integral human development (IHD) concerns in the context of the HIV-AIDS problem in the Philippines that can help enhance the three foundational areas of university training of Paulinian IHD artist-advocates in St. Paul University Manila. Using a qualitative triangulated descriptive research design, it was conducted in five major cities of the Philippines. Unstructured interviews of purposively sampled key artist-advicates using digital technologies and their digitally enriched artworks were conducted to surface data analyzed via hermeneutic audio-visual document/textual analysis. Findings revealed four ideas and four NPI.
Extreme Adjustments to Telehealth Services among Rural Public Health Nurses during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Padang Indonesia
Authors: Freska Windy , Yeni Fitra , Mahathir  , Rahman Daly
Published: March 2023

Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, rural community health nurses selected telehealth as a novel approach for providing health service. This research describes the interactions between public health nurses and the health service system concerning telehealth implementation. Method: Qualitative research was conducted on rural community nurses at Community Health Center of Padang, Indonesia. The sample was determined based on data saturation. The data was collected using in-depth interviews with open and semi-structured questions. The findings were analyzed utilizing thematic analysis as the primary focus. Result: An overview of telehealth implementation in rural communities is obtained in terms of device aspects, long-distance communication ethics, communication collaboration, and communication interactions in health services. Conclusion: The study’s finding demonstrate that telehealth assisted extend the reach of rural community health service. Adjusting communication patterns using communication technologies and designing the most influential information for symptom detection and education sessions represented a challenge for nurses