bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise e simulação da influência da precipitação pluviométrica no sistema de produção de água de Belém-PA (Complexo Bolonha) com o uso do EPANET
Authors: Nogueira Marlos Henrique Pires , Vinagre Marco Valério Albuquerque
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho analisou as simulações da rede de produção de água do Complexo Bolonha, durante o ano de 2014, com a intenção de investigar os métodos operacionais na produção de água em relação à sazonalidade da precipitação de chuva na região metropolitana de Belém-PA, utilizando o software livre EPANET 2.0. Foram realizadas 12 simulações para cada mês do referido ano, os dados de entrada foram obtidos através coleta de informações na Companhia de Saneamento do Pará, responsável pela gestão da produção de água do Complexo Bolonha, para a quantificação da precipitação e da evaporação recorreu-se ao site do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia – INMET. A vazão da chuva foi aferida pela precipitação nas áreas dos lagos integrantes do sistema de produção de água do Complexo Bolonha. Os dados foram inseridos no programa, e as simulações constataram que a precipitação teve grande influência na produção de água durante o primeiro semestre do ano de 2014, apresentando valores significativos nos meses de fevereiro, março e abril, gerando uma diminuição no consumo de energia elétrica nos bombeamentos do sistema de produção de água. Comparando a operação, com e sem, a influência da precipitação da chuva, chegou-se ao índice de 4,45% de economia anual em energia elétrica. Isso demonstra que a influência do ciclo hidrológico tem grande importância para a determinação de medidas que possam reduzir os custos com energia elétrica. Essa economia pode ser ainda maior se for levado em consideração os horários de funcionamento de bombas fora dos horários de pico.
A influência dos movimentos escolanovista e construtivista na formação e nas práticas de professores que ensinam matemática nos anos iniciais em Boa Vista-RR
Authors: Belo Edileusa
Published: December 2021

Este estudo analisa possíveis influências dos movimentos escolanovista e construtivista na formação e nas práticas de professores que ensinam matemática nos anos iniciais. Utilizamos o estudo de caso para investigar por meio de entrevistas e grupo focal com professores de duas escolas de Boa Vista-RR essas prováveis relações. Concluímos que os modos de ensinar dos professores estão alicerçados nas propostas curriculares que vivenciaram no seu processo formativo, porém é necessário um processo constante de reflexão para que suas práticas não se limitem a essas experiências e possam ser objeto de reflexão crítica.
Estudo da viabilidade técnica do uso de concreto permeável em pavimentos urbanos de baixo tráfego utilizando agregado graúdo regional
Authors: Silva Luzilene Souza , Da Costa Marília Cristina Barata , Nogueira Marlos Henrique Pires , Lima Gleisy Kelly Moreira , Batista Núbia Jane da Silva
Published: December 2021

A Região Metropolitana de Belém (RMB) enfrenta sérios problemas no que diz respeito à falta de drenagem adequada das vias urbanas. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral, produzir um concreto permo-poroso a fim de identificar as possíveis vantagens advindas da utilização desse compósito em pavimentos urbanos de baixo tráfego. Os resultados obtidos demostraram que todos os traços produzidos alcançaram o limite mínimo de compressão axial estabelecido pela NBR 16416 (ABNT, 2015) para utilização em pavimentos de baixo tráfego. Entre os três traços estudados observou-se que a composição que obteve o melhor desempenho nos ensaios mecânicos e de condutividade hidráulica realizados foi o de 1:5. Todas as composições apresentaram desempenho satisfatório de permeabilidade, estando de acordo com o estabelecido pela referida norma.Palavras Chave: Drenagem Urbana. Redução do Escoamento. Pavimento Permeável.
Avaliação de custo benefício da utilização de energia fotovoltaica
Authors: SILVA LUZILENE SOUZA , De Assunção Ronaldo Furtado , Sobrinho Demetrius Clemente da Rocha , Freitas Ericka da Silva , De Assunção Welton Raiol
Published: December 2021

O Brasil possui um imenso potencial para geração de energia fotovoltaica. No entanto, este recurso ainda é pouco explorado no país devido, principalmente, à falta de incentivos fiscais do governo e falta de mão de obra qualificada para instalação dos sistemas solares. Até mesmo os trabalhos acadêmicos neste campo de pesquisa ainda são escassos no Brasil, a maioria das pesquisas realizadas até então, foram feitas em países como Alemanha, Austrália e Estados Unidos. Diante deste contexto, o presente trabalho buscou analisar o custo beneficio da implantação de um sistema fotovoltaico. Para tanto, foi utilizada um metodologia de pesquisa baseada em um estudo de caso, no qual foram utilizados dois orçamentos de duas edificações que implantaram o referido sistema. A partir dos dados coletados no estudo de caso foi possível verificar que a aquisição dos sistemas fotovoltaicos possui um alto valor de investimento inicial. Nos casos analisados neste trabalho, os valores dos orçamentos foram de: R$ 68. 479,02 para a edificação A; e de R$ 57.536,20 para a edificação B. No entanto, observou-se que a implantação das placas solares possibilitou a geração de energia solar, a qual foi responsável pela redução do consumo de energia elétrica em 100%. Diante disto, concluiu-se que, apesar do alto custo, o sistema se paga em poucos anos e a partir disso, o consumidor não tem mais gastos com o consumo de energia, sendo o mesmo considerado autossuficiente neste sentido. Além da questão econômica, a utilização de energia solar traz ainda como vantagens a redução do impacto ambiental gerado pelo consumo de energia elétrica não renovável.
Estudo de caso de patologias causadas pela umidade face a inexistência de implantação do sistema de impermeabilização nas garagens do 1º e 2º subsolo de um edifício residencial multifamiliar de múltiplos pavimentos em Belém/PA
Authors: SILVA LUZILENE SOUZA , Magalhães Rayra Assunção Barbosa , De Assunção Ronaldo Furtado , Ferreira Márcio Santos , De Assunção Welton Raiol
Published: December 2021

Os problemas dentro da construção civil causados por umidade podem estar relacionados a até 60% das manifestações patológicas encontradas em edificações em fase de uso e operação. A presente pesquisa de cunho descritivo e também explicativo, buscou destacar os fatores geradores de patologias decorrentes falta de impermeabilização nas áreas destinadas às garagens do 1º e 2º subsolos de um edifício residencial multifamiliar de múltiplos pavimentos localizado em Belém-PA, expondo soluções para o problema apresentado, inclusive demonstrando medidas antecipatórias que devem ser adotadas quando da concepção de todos os projetos de escopo de empreendimentos, a fim de prevenir patologias e assegurar a vida útil das edificações.
Aplicação do Método de Elementos de Contorno para Análise de Potencial de um Sólido Bidimensional
Authors: Fernandes Flávia Gonçalves
Published: December 2021

. A solução de problemas em ciência e em engenharia passa por diversas etapas de simplificação. Entre elas está a proposição do modelo matemático aproximado, utilizando-se equações diferenciais. O método dos elementos de contorno é um dos métodos aproximados utilizados em ciência e em engenharia. Ele é aplicado na solução de equações diferenciais, onde estas são transformadas em equações integrais aplicadas ao contorno do problema. Nesta linha de raciocínio, o objetivo deste trabalho é a implementação de um programa para análise de potencial de um sólido bidimensional utilizando o Método de Elementos de Contorno.
Estudo de Caso em Três Obras da Região Metropolitana de Belém-PA, para Verificação do Atendimento aos Requisitos da Norma NBR 15200 (ABNT, 2012) – Projeto de Estruturas de Concreto em Situação de Incêndio.
Authors: Nogueira Marlos Henrique Pires , Silva Luzilene Souza , Magalhães Rayra Assunção Barbosa , De Assunção Ronaldo Furtado , Carmona Israel Souza
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho é uma análise da norma NBR 15200 (ABNT, 2012), onde se verificou todos os parâmetros para que a mesma seja atendida. Foi feito um estudo de caso em três obras na região metropolitana de Belém-PA. Os projetos estruturais foram comparados com os valores mínimos exigidos pela norma. Chegou-se a conclusão que em todas as obras alguns elementos estruturais estão em desacordo com o que é exigido. Posteriormente, em uma visita técnica ao Corpo de Bombeiros do Estado do Pará, foi constatado que o mesmo não exige que os projetos estruturais estejam de acordo com a norma NBR 15200 (ABNT, 2012) o que atende a hipótese apresentada neste trabalho.
Otimização experimental do desempenho térmico de uma edificação residencial
Authors: Tonini de Araujo Mariana , Tonatto Ferrazzo Suéllen
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho apresenta a otimização experimental do desempenho térmico de uma edificação. O design experimental 2k contemplou cinco fatores controláveis, absortância, condutividade térmica, taxa de ventilação, número de moradores e equipamentos; e quatro variáveis de resposta, temperatura do ar no verão e inverno e umidade relativa do ar no verão e inverno. A metodologia baseou-se em uma simulação computacional. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência dos fatores controláveis e interações na variável de resposta. A taxa de ventilação foi a que mais influenciou a temperatura no verão e inverno e a umidade do ar no inverno, enquanto a umidade do ar no verão foi afetada principalmente pelo número de equipamento e absortância.
Evaluation of biparietal diameter and femur length by ultrasonography method, its correlation with fetal gestational age a comparative study in Chhattisgarh state of India
Authors: Rahule A S  , Ganware M L , Rafique Sidiqui Abdul , Goyal Meena  , Netam S B S  , Prakash Khute
Published: December 2021

There few studies which tried to corelate biparietal diameter and gestational age in which an increase in biparietal diameter with the increase in gestational age was found but there was a discrepancy between 17 week of pregnancy and term and which is approximately 3 weeks. We conducted the present study to compare the gestational age and femur length and biparietal diameter in the population of Chhattisgarh state of India.

A total of 380 pregnant females were enrolled for the study. They were between the 20 weeks to 38 weeks of gestation with their age ranging from 18-35 years.

In the present study we observed a total of 158 cases in 2 trimester i.e. ranging from 20 to 27 weeks and 220 cases were in 3 trimester of pregnancy. Mean of BPD and FL observed was 73.1 and 56.2 respectively. The standard deviation and standard error of mean for biparietal diameter and femur length were 12.8, 11.6 and 0.63, 0.57 respectively.

All parameters of present study are found to be highly correlated with gestational age. (r=, 0.987, 0.980 for, FL and BPD respectively).
The association of male infertility with telomere length: A case control study
Authors: Rajesh Kate Deepali , Vatsalaswamy Puranam , Rao Manvikar Purshotam
Published: December 2021

To study the relevance of sperm telomere length and infertility in men.

: Our case-control study included twenty-five males in couple, who were subfertile/infertil (test group) and twenty-five healthy males (control group) with proven paternity in the age group 21-35 years. The Absolute Sperm Telomere length (aSTL) was measured by real-time PCR. We investigated whether any significant difference in the aSTL value existed between the groups and analysed the relationship between aSTL and other sperm parameters.

The mean (SE) aSTL recorded in the infertile cases was significantly shorter than for the control group; 140.60 (6.66) Kb/genome and 239.63 (12.32) Kb/genome respectively (p <0.001) A moderate positive correlation was eminent between aSTL kb/genome and the total sperm count mil/ml (rho= 0.54, p<0.001), progressive sperm motility (rho= 0.56, p=<0.001) and sperm viability (rho= 0.51 p=0.032) in the infertile group.

The measurement of aSTL by real-time PCR is a simple and rapid method that offers further paramount information with respective to the quality of sperm. It is befitted for epidemiological studies, hence opening new perspectives in the evaluation of male infertility.

Our study was confined to men aged between 21-35 years. Further comparative studies are needed to explore the significance of STL and infertility in older males. Additional studies will help illumine the significance of aSTL as a prognostic biomarker in assisted reproduction.
Puertos Inteligentes: estrategia de desarrollo para el Puerto del Callao
Authors:   Fundación Valenciaport
Published: December 2021

El manual de puertos inteligentes es un documento creado para facilitar la monitorización y evaluación del proceso de transformación de los emplazamientos portuarios en puertos inteligentes por parte de las Autoridades Portuarias y los Operadores de Terminales. El manual, el cual basa su contenido en la identificación de buenas prácticas internacionales para la implementación de puertos inteligentes, enumera distintas iniciativas de puertos inteligentes e incluye un listado de indicadores cuantitativos y cualitativos que pueden ser medidos de cara al seguimiento y valoración del desarrollo alcanzado. El manual integra una visión holística del ecosistema legal y tecnológico necesario para crear puertos inteligentes.
Innovation and Competitiveness in Mining Value Chains: The Case of Brazil
Authors: Navas-Alemán Lizbeth
Published: December 2021

Mining companies have mirrored other large multinational companies in setting up global value chains (GVCs), sourcing their inputs and services from an ever-larger number of highly capable suppliers in developing countries, such as those in resource-rich Latin America. However, recent empirical studies on the mining GVC in that region suggest that even innovative local suppliers find it difficult to exploit their innovations in local and foreign markets. Using a conceptual framework that combines literature on innovation and GVCs, this study analyzed how global/regional- and firm-level factors interact to explain the acquisition of local suppliers capabilities within Brazils mining industry. The study explored these issues using original data gathered in 2019 and secondary sources from Brazil. The main findings are related to (i) strategies used by domestic suppliers to develop innovative solutions for leading mining companies, (ii) how health and safety concerns spurred innovation after the disasters in Mariana and Brumadinho, (iii) new-to-the-world innovation capabilities among Brazilian suppliers to the mining industry, and (iv) the main barriers to developing innovative practices among domestic suppliers. The authors propose public policies to support major mining companies in acquiring innovations from domestic suppliers to the mining industry. Opportunities such as a Copper Rush in Brazil that could foster further innovations in mining are discussed.
Innovation and Competitiveness in the Copper Mining Global Value Chain: Developing Local Suppliers in Peru
Authors: Fernandez-Stark Karina
Published: December 2021

Peru is the second largest producer and exporter of copper in the world. However, the countrys sector has weak background linkages and the emergence of innovative suppliers able to provide high-value products and services is still incipient. This article explores the opportunities to leverage Perus international positioning in the mining industry to foster the development and innovation capacities of local suppliers. Based on data analysis and interviews with local industry stakeholders, this research--which uses the global value chain framework--finds that the incorporation of a larger number of high-value local suppliers into the copper value chain is limited by weaknesses in the national innovation system. In addition to this, it notes that the national copper policy places little emphasis in the need to innovate and add value. In order to generate a critical mass of strong and innovative suppliers, Peru must create solid institutions and coordination mechanisms to develop the sector. At the same time, it should favor the insertion of domestic suppliers into the value chain and incentivize these to innovate and scale. The article presents recommendations in these areas, as well as best practices from other mining countries that have successfully overcome these challenges.
Evaluating physicians' knowledge, attitude and practice of their ethical responsibilities towards the environmental problem and air pollutionn
Authors: Saeedi Tehrani Saeedeh , Larijani Bagher , Parsapoor Alireza , Rashidpouraie Roya , Madani Mansoure
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Today, 25% of diseases in the world are directly or indirectly caused by environmental problems. The present study attempts to clarify physicians’ moral responsibility in this regard and the roles they can play   to decrease environmental problems. It also evaluates their attitudes towards and performance of these roles. The clarification of this issue paves the way for interventions through effective education or policy-making, as well as directing useful research.
Materials and methods: A questionnaire was developed based on the results of qualitive study. The questionnaire assessed physicians’ awareness, attitude, and performance with regard to their environmental moral responsibilities.
Results: Physicians with longer work experience had better performance. Those who worked in offices or at universities had also better performances compared to those working in hospitals. Physicians with more awareness had better performance, especially those who had acquired this awareness through books and educational workshops.
The source of information was an effective factor on the gap between physicians’ attitude and performance scores those who had acquired information from books had the narrowest gap and those who had received information from social networks had the widest gap between attitude and performance scores.
Conclusion: The health system and the environment and its problems are intertwined and greatly influence each other. Thus this interrelation and the necessity of being concerned and having moral sensitivity were explained.
En defensa de la potestad normativa de la Administración
Authors: Villadangos Pía Chible
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo pretende criticar la idea de que la creación normativa efectuada por la Administración es ilegítima. Se sugiere que existen cuatro “mitos” que se erigen sobre la base de tesis comúnmente aceptadas por parte relevante de la doctrina dedicada a la teoría del Estado (y, en cierta medida, la teoría del derecho), e incluso a veces respaldada en textos constitucionales vigentes. Los mitos son: 1. La separación de poderes del Estado exige separación de facultades; 2. La función de la Administración se limita a la ejecución de normas legales; 3. La potestad normativa de la Administración es contraria a principios morales del derecho, y 4. ‘Ejecución de normas legales’ y ‘creación normativa’ son mutuamente excluyentes. Estos mitos han impedido la construcción de una defensa sólida en favor de la potestad normativa de la Administración en el Estado moderno, razón por la cual se proponen elementos para su revisión.
Restauração de Afundamentos de Tensão de Curta Duração em Redes Elétricas Não- Senoidais
Authors: Martins João R. S. , Fernandes Darlan A. , Costa Fabiano F. , Corrêa Maurício B. R. , Da Silva Edison R. C.
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho apresenta um método de inserção de tensão na rede elétrica com distorções harmônicas para proteção de cargas sensíveis a afundamentos de tensão de curta duração. O objetivo é recuperar o nível de tensão nominal na carga realizando a restauração apenas da componente de frequência fundamental sem que as componentes harmônicas sejam compensadas, por meio de um restaurador dinâmico de tensão (DVR). Correções realizadas desta forma se justificam pois o DVR é um equipamento dedicado a restaurar a amplitude da carga sensível para seu valor nominal, a partir de variações rápidas advindas da rede elétrica. A correção das distorções não é adequada para este equipamento pois os harmônicos são problemas permanentes e originados de não-linearidades das cargas elétricas. Portanto, as baterias que suprem o DVR não sustentam as correções de problemas permanentes, apenas de variações rápidas. Isto permite um prolongamento na vida útil delas, que é um item importante neste tipo de compensador. Para estes propósitos é desenvolvida uma estimação recursiva por mínimos quadrados adequada a tensões com conteúdo harmônico e aqui denominada de HMQR. A construção da tensão de referência a ser produzida pelo conversor CC-CA também leva em conta o sincronismo com a componente fundamental da rede, o que permite uma otimização do nível de tensão utilizado do barramento CC. Cenários de correções apenas com a inserção da fundamental, bem como com conteúdo harmônico são testados em simulação para comparação de desempenho no uso da potência do compensador. Estes mesmos cenários também são testados em uma plataforma experimental desenvolvida em laboratório para confirmação da proposta.
Sanitation and its impact on the bacteriological quality of water: A study in three communities in Ghana
Authors:   Catholic University College of Ghana, Addo HO , Addo KK ,   Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Langbong B ,   University of Ghana
Published: December 2021

Water constitutes about 70% of the earth’s total mass and all life is dependent on water. Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of disease worldwide and improving sanitation is known to have a significant beneficial impact on health both in households and across communities. Water and sanitation are closely related and cannot be isolated. If uncontaminated water is available, reliable and convenient to collect, more water is consumed, both for hygienic purposes and for drinking which can improve health. In this study, the effect of sanitation on the bacteriological quality of water was evaluated. The study also assessed the sanitation facilities available in the three communities, the water facilities used and the bacterial contamination of household water. A cluster survey system was employed in three communities namely Tetegu, Mayera and Ashongman village in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Thirty households were clustered within each community. Within each household in each community, domestic water stored was analyzed for bacterial contamination using UriSelect 4 medium. This was used because it allows the isolation and counting of all organisms using a standard bacteriological loop plating method. Standardized questionnaires were administered in each household to ascertain the type of water and sanitation infrastructure. Seventy-seven percent and 87% of respondents relied on public standpipes in the Ashongman and Tetegu communities, respectively. Eightythree percent of respondents in Mayera relied on the Nsaki river. Eighty percent of respondents used the KVIP at Mayera, 97% of respondents at Tetegu resorted to open defecation, and 57% of respondents also used the pit latrine at Ashongman community. A total of ten bacterial species namely: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus agalactiae. Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus saprophytic, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus were identified in domestic water stored. This study therefore recommends that policy makers must ensure the provision of basic infrastructure such as toilet facilities to reduce the likely contamination of water sources from poor sanitation facilities.
"Hearing Their Voices": Exploring Femicide among Migrants and Culture Minorities
Authors: Nudelman Anita , Boira Santiago , Tsomaia Tina Tiko , Balica Ecaterina , Tabagua Sopio
Published: December 2021

The rates of domestic violence and femicide in various European countries tend to be higher among migrant women, as well as among women from cultural minorities. This led to the development of a culture and gender-sensitive in-depth interview guide aimed at better understanding this phenomenon, as well as identifying specific aspects of the experience of violence in a foreign scenario. The first stage was developing a draft interview guide based on the most important issues addressed in the professional literature, relating both to victims of domestic violence and to survivors of femicide and their families. This has allowed others to “hear their voices” and to understand their own perspectives, which are especially important considering the steady increase of this phenomenon around the world. The second phase was a pilot study among immigrant femicide survivors: first in Spain, later in Romania, and finally in Georgia, focusing on internally displaced people. The last step was analyzing the feedback from the different countries, which led to a refined and improved version of the interview guide. Thus, the current paper presents an ongoing process leading to a standardized interview guide, which could be adapted to local socio-cultural contexts, enabling comparative studies across Europe.
The Advantages of Qualitative Research into Femicide
Authors: Weil Shalva
Published: December 2021

This article reviews the state of the art of qualitative research on femicide, which, until the publication of this Special Issue, has been extremely sparse. The paper mentions some of the limitations of the qualitative approach, such as time consumption, ethical liabilities, and non-generalizability. However, it advocates qualitative research because of its advantages in capturing the context, describing the experience, identifying the motives, highlighting the relationship between perpetrator and victim, identifying the risk factors, and suggesting apt policies. The article concludes by cautiously recommending a mixed-/merged-methods approach, which, in turn, depends upon the research question and has its own inherent disadvantages.
Building performance evaluation of public housing in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors:   Yonsei University, Chombo Ignatius Morgen , Youm Sang Hoon
Published: December 2021

This study sought to evaluate the performance of residential building spaces in public housing in Harare, Zimbabwe. It specifically measured building performance indicators determined by the building’s characteristics and the physical, locational and service attributes of buildings. A quantitative research design was adopted, in which questionnaires and observations were used in data collection. A two-stage sampling technique was used, because the population could be subdivided into clusters. From residents in three clusters, which include Highfield-Venice Flats, Avenues Flats and Mbare Flats, 263 respondents were conveniently chosen. Results from the independent t-test that was conducted showed that, at 95% confidence level, there exist significant differences in residential satisfaction among residents of Highfield-Venice Flats and those of Avenues Flats (t = 2.159, p-value= 0.035>0.05). Overall, residents are dissatisfied with the attributes of the buildings in which they live and the general residential situation. There is a general dissatisfaction with the buildings, suggesting that the building performance is not meeting their needs and expectations. Housing attribute preferences, privacy, dwelling proximity, and neighbourhood attachment showed a significant and positive impact on general residential satisfaction. Hence, there is a need to improve housing attribute preferences such as improving the quality of air and lighting as well as noise levels, since respondents expressed dissatisfaction with these attributes. Housing ceilings can be installed to reduce noise levels. More so, the quality of air and lighting can be improved by inserting more air ventilations and wider windowpanes. Privacy should be improved by ensuring that the residential structures have boundary walls that may be needed by the residents. More so, dwelling proximity ought to be improved. The Ministry of National Housing and Social Amenities and other public housing institutions can consider developing structures such as shopping centres, public schools as well as roads and social amenities such as parks, pools and workout facilities before they build residential houses.
Factors influencing the quality of low-income housing in Polokwane Municipality South Africa
Authors:   Tshwane University of Technology, Nyakala Kgashane Stephen , Ramoroka Sekou Dolly , Ramdass Kemlall
Published: December 2021

Recent South African and international evidence highlights the broad and lasting impacts of households, particularly those on low income, when unable to afford higher income counterparts to live in apartments, maintained public housing, and other high-quality houses. A broad range of low-income houses recently built in South African local municipalities are reportedly defective, due to poor building and construction quality. This study aims to assess and determine the factors influencing high-quality housing positively impacting on the lives of a significant proportion of low-income housing projects. Reasons for and obstacles to quality design, construction quality and the development of low-income housing projects were identified. To assess the research questions, a quantitative survey (n=103) was carried out, simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select contractors who were active in low-income housing projects within the Polokwane Municipality. The quantitative data gathered were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to determine a combination of descriptive and non-parametric statistics of the data computing the frequencies, mean scores and standard deviations. Selected results show that poor-quality and low-income housing projects are perceived to be related to the contractors, builders and construction practitioners not complying with the standards, variously because of insufficient training or accountability to public authorities and end users of low-income houses, i.e., the beneficiaries. The respondents were of the view that house builders and local government authorities could use five factors, namely quality standards, management, involvement of people, process design and process, planning and scheduling to assess non-conformance to quality requirements in low-income housing projects in South Africa. The finding of this study provides a platform for improving the quality of housing design, construction projects, sustainability and an opportunity for local and international design and construction professionals to rethink design in the context of low-income housing projects.
Formal logic and natural ways of reasoning
Authors: Tuziak Roman
Published: December 2021

In the paper I ask the question about the relation between formal logic and the natural logic of human mind. By a natural logic I mean the ways of thinking of a person that is intelligent but untrained in formal logic. As it turns out that the laws, rules or properties of formal logic in some cases diverge from the natural ways of reasoning, I explain the causes of this divergence. Since the majority of research in this area has been carried out from the standpoint of psychology, as a logician I suggest a slight change of the angle from which we look at the problem. I argue that certain narrowing of an interdisciplinary research would be helpful in getting a better picture of natural logic, and might provide a new stimulus for formal investigations.
Az általánosított hiperbolikus oktonióalgebrákról
Authors: Péntek Kálmán
Published: December 2021

A dolgozatban általánosítjuk Macfarlane M klasszikus hiperbolikus kvaternióit és megkonstruáljuk az általánosított hiperbolikus kvaternióinak 𝕄𝛼𝛽 struktúráját. Az általánosított Cayley-Dickson eljárás felhasználásával e struktúrából megalkotjuk az általánosított hiperbolikus oktoniók 𝕆𝛼𝛽𝛾 𝐻 nem kommutatív és nem asszociatív algebráját. Az utolsó fejezetben megkonstruáljuk az általánosított hiperbolikus oktoniók vektor-mátrix reprezentációját.
Matematikai kiegészítések a harmonikus rezgőmozgás tárgyalásához
Authors: Barta Edit
Published: December 2021

Matematika és fizika oktatóként gyakran tapasztalom, hogy az a tudásbázis, amelyet a hallgatók középiskolából magukkal hoznak, majd az egyetemen a matematika kurzusokon elsajátítanak, kevésnek bizonyul ahhoz, hogy a komolyabb matematikai eszközöket is alkalmazó szakmai tárgyak némely levezetését megértsék. A számos eset közül most speciálisan a harmonikus rezgőmozgás kapcsán felmerülő matematikai megértési problémákhoz szeretnék segítségként néhány kiegészítést nyújtani.
A teoria da atividade em Vygotsky, Leontiev e Engeström
Authors: Medeiros Simone Maria de Andrade
Published: December 2021

A teoria da atividade inicialmente formulada por Vygotsky na década de 1920 teve como foco de análise a atividade individual; depois, foi desenvolvida por Leontiev, com destaque para a atividade coletiva e ampliada; e posteriormente, por Engeström, com as redes de sistemas interativos de atividade. Destacamos três gerações de pensadores na história da evolução da teoria da atividade. Neste artigo, revisitamos alguns conceitos básicos da teoria de Vygotsky (1998, 2012), como a teoria social da atividade humana, os sistemas sociais e as bases da teoria da atividade, nas formas propostas por Leontiev (1972, 1978b, 2004) como o mecanismo do surgimento de novas atividades, na contradição decorrente da interação discursiva. Já Engeström (2002, 2016) desenvolveu a forma diagramática da triangulação da atividade e ampliou a discussão sobre a contradição entre o motivo da atividade anterior e o motivo da atividade nova que conduz à aprendizagem por expansão.
Impact of obesity on the severity of trauma in patients injured in pedestrian traffic accidents
Authors: Oh Pillsung , Cho Jin-Seong , Jang Jae Ho , Choi Jae Yeon , Choi Woo Sung , Yu Byungchul
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Studies on the relationship between obesity and injuries, especially those sustained in pedestrian traffic accidents, are lacking. We aimed to assess the effects of obesity on the severity of injury at the time of admission to the emergency room in patients who experienced pedestrian traffic accidents.Methods: This study included trauma patients registered in the Korean Trauma Database from July 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020, whose mechanism of injury was pedestrian traffic accidents and who were treated at a single institution. Those aged below 15 years were excluded. Patients were assigned to nonobese and obese groups based on a body mass index of 25 kg/m². An Injury Severity Score of 25 or greater was considered to indicate a critical injury.Results: In total, 679 cases of pedestrian traffic accidents were registered during the study period, and 543 patients were included in the final analysis. Of them, 360 patients (66.3%) and 183 patients (33.7%) were categorized as nonobese and obese, respectively. The median age was significantly higher in the nonobese group than in the obese group (60 vs. 58 years). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the odds ratio for critical injury in obese patients was 1.59 (95% confidence interval, 1.01–2.48) compared with nonobese patients.Conclusions: Obesity affected the likelihood of sustaining severe injuries in pedestrian traffic accidents. Future studies should analyze the effects of body mass index on the pattern and severity of injuries in patients with more diverse injury mechanisms using large-scale data.
PENGETAHUAN MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA MENGENAI DISPEPSIA, GASTRITIS, DAN GERD BESERTA ANTASIDA SEBAGAI PENGOBATANNYA
Authors: Nurhaidah Friesca Surya , Anugrah Shafira Dwita , Putri Annisa Febriani , Tukloy Wiwin Dwi Rahmadani , Khairunnisa Salsabila , Primadani Luthfia Hany , Wahyudi Tri , Aisyia Aisyia , Kamaruzzaman Abby Rahmat , Shofa Kambarwati Nur , Nita Yunita
Published: December 2021

Peningkatan kasus penyakit tidak menular terjadi dalam 5 tahun terakhir di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah Indigestion yang merupakan sekumpulan gejala saluran pencernaan atas meliputi rasa nyeri atau tidak nyaman di area gastro-duodenum. Yang termasuk dalam indigestion diantaranya dispepsia, gastritis, dan GERD dimana seringkali antasida digunakan sebagai terapi pengobatan pada ketiga penyakit tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan mahasiswa fakultas kesehatan dan non-kesehatan Universitas Airlangga mengenai dispepsia, gastritis dan GERD dan penggunaan obat antasida. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode survei cross sectional, dengan instrumen kuesioner online. Sejumlah 102 orang, mahasiswa fakultas kesehatan sebanyak 30 orang dan non kesehatan sebanyak 72 orang diambil dengan teknik accidental sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan semua orang mengenai dispepsia, gastritis dan GERD yang baik sebesar 12 (11,8%) orang cukup sebesar 40 (39,2%) orang, dan kurang sebesar 50 (49%) orang. Tingkat pengetahuan semua orang pada aspek pengobatan yang baik sebesar 8 (7,8%) orang, cukup 35 (34,3%) orang, dan kurang sebesar 59 (57,8%) orang. Adanya perbedaan bermakna (p=0.000) tingkat pengetahuan antara sampel mahasiswa kesehatan dan sampel mahasiswa non-kesehatan. Upaya promosi kesehatan merupakan hal penting untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan mahasiswa mengenai perbedaan dispepsia, gastritis, GERD beserta antasida sebagai pengobatan.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EDUKASI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN KELUARGA TERKAIT DAGUSIBU ANTIBIOTIK DI DAERAH SURABAYA DAN SIDOARJO
Authors: Nabila Sarah Mahmudatun , Irianti Ifa Shintia , Salsabila Salsabila , Hamidah Aufa , Rahmawati Fina , Faizin Mohamad Khoirul , Ninjar Muhamad , Malikhah Iva Ladzdzah , Valentina Steffi Ordelia , Zafirah Devi Nur , Beriana Metha , Azhari Andre Alwi , Rahem Abdul
Published: December 2021

Antibiotik merupakan golongan obat yang digunakan untuk mengobati pasien yang mengalami infeksi bakteri. Antibiotik harus digunakan secara rasional, tepat, dan aman. Obat antibiotik seharusnya diperoleh dengan resep dokter. Namun masyarakat banyak yang memperolehnya tanpa menggunakan resep dokter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian edukasi terkait Dapatkan, Gunakan, Simpan, dan Buang (DaGuSiBu) antibiotik di daerah Surabaya dan Sidoarjo. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik non probabilitas yaitu dengan purposive sampling menggunakan kuesioner google form. Kuesioner ini berisi 19 pertanyaan dengan skor maksimal 19. Dari 178 responden, dengan 95 kelompok kontrol dan 85 kelompok perlakuan didapatkan hasil pada uji Mann-Whitney nilai p value sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa pemberian edukasi terkait Dapatkan, Gunakan, Simpan, dan Buang (DaGuSiBu) antibiotik memberikan pengaruh terhadap pengetahuan responden.
On the Inverse Fourier Transform of the Planck-Einstein law
Authors: Jamali Alireza
Published: December 2021

After proposing a natural metric for the space in which particles spin which implements the principle of maximum frequency, E=hf is generalised and its inverse Fourier transform is calculated. As a necessary result, a metric is found for the space in which quantum particles spin, hence the possibility of explanation of correlation of spacelike-separated particles is opened up.
Relationships between Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Resting State Functional Connectivity in Patients with Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Hoptman Matthew J. , Tural Umit , Lim Kelvin O. , Javitt Daniel C. , Oberlin Lauren E.
Published: December 2021

Schizophrenia is widely seen as a disorder of dysconnectivity. Neuroimaging studies have examined both structural and functional connectivity in the disorder, but these modalities have rarely been integrated directly. We scanned 29 patients with schizophrenia and 25 healthy control subjects and acquired resting state fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging. The Functional and Tractographic Connectivity Analysis Toolbox (FATCAT) was used to estimate functional and structural connectivity of the default mode network. Correlations between modalities were investigated, and multimodal connectivity scores (MCS) were created using principal components analysis. Nine of 28 possible region pairs showed consistent (>80%) tracts across participants. Correlations between modalities were found among those with schizophrenia for the prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, and lateral temporal lobes with frontal and parietal regions, consistent with frontotemporoparietal network involvement in the disorder. In patients, MCS values correlated with several aspects of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, positively with those involving inwardly directed psychopathology, and negatively with those involving external psychopathology. In this preliminary sample, we found FATCAT to be a useful toolbox to directly integrate and examine connectivity between imaging modalities. A consideration of conjoint structural and functional connectivity can provide important information about the network mechanisms of schizophrenia.
Psychological Distress among Bangladeshi Dental Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sabrina Farah , Chowdhury Mohammad Tawfique Hossain , Nath Sujan Kanti , Imon Ashik Abdullah , Quader S M Abdul , Jahan Md Shahed , Noor Ashek Elahi , Podder Clopa Pina , Gainju Unisha , Niroula Rina , Rahman Muhammad Aziz
Published: December 2021

Background: Psychological sufferings are observed among dental students during their academic years, which had been intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: This study assessed the levels and identified factors associated with psychological distress, fear and coping experienced by dental undergraduate students in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross sectional online survey was conducted during October-November, 2021. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) were used in order to assess psychological distress, fear and coping strategies respectively. Results: A total of 327 students participated; the majority (72%) were 19-23 years old and females (75%). One in five participants were infected with COVID-19 and 15% reported contact with COVID-19 cases. Negative financial impact (AOR 3.72, 95%CIs 1.28-10.8), recent or past COVID-19 infection, contact with COVID-19 cases were associated with higher levels of psychological distress; but being a 3rd year student (0.14, 0.04-0.55) and being satisfied about current social life (0.11, 0.03-0.33) were associated with lower levels of psychological distress. Being a 3rd year (0.17, 0.08-0.39) and a 4th year student (0.29, 0.12-0.71) were associated with lower levels of fear. Health care service use and feeling positive about life were associated with medium to high resilience coping. Conclusions: This study iden-tified dental students in Bangladesh who were at higher risk of psychological distress, fear and coping during the ongoing pandemic. Development of mental health support system within dental institution should be considered in addition to the academic and clinical teaching.
Characterizing Individual Differences in Sweet Taste Hedonics: Test Methods, Locations, and Stimuli
Authors: Cheung May , Kramer Matthew , Beauchamp Gary , Wise Paul
Published: December 2021

Sweetness drives consumption of added sugars, so understanding how individuals differ is important for developing strategies to lower sugar intake. However, methods to assess hedonic response to sweetness vary, making results across studies difficult to integrate. We compared methods to measure optimal sucrose concentration in 21 healthy adults (1) using paired-comparison preference tracking vs. ratings of liking, (2) with participants in the laboratory vs. at home, and (3) using aqueous solutions vs. vanilla milk. Tests were replicated on separate days to assess test-retest reliability. Test-retest reliability was similar between laboratory and home testing, but tended to be better for vanilla milk and preference tracking. Optimal sucrose concentration was virtually identical between laboratory and home, slightly lower when estimated via preference tracking, and about 50% lower in vanilla milk. However, individual optimal sucrose concentration correlated strongly between Methods, test Locations, and Stimuli. More than 50% of the variability in optimal sucrose concentration could be attributed to consistent differences among individuals while much less variability was attributable to differences in Methods, test Locations or Stimuli. These results demonstrate convergent validity between measures of preference and liking, support testing at home to lower participant burden, and suggest that aqueous solutions can be useful proxies for some commonly consumed beverages for measuring individual differences.
To Mask or Not to Mask - Evaluation of Cognitive Performance in Children Wearing Face Masks during School Lessons (Maskids)
Authors: Schlegtendal Anne , Eitner Lynn , Falkenstein Michael , Hoffmann Anna , Lücke Thomas , Sinningen Kathrin , Brinkmann Folke
Published: December 2021

In the current Sars-CoV-2 pandemic, wearing a face mask was mandatory and is still desired during school lessons. There are no controlled studies in children to date indicating an effect on cognitive performance wearing face masks. In a randomized controlled trial, we analysed the influence of face masks on cognitive performance of pupils during regular school lessons. Pupils (n=133, 5th to 7th grade) were randomized by alternating allocation into control (with masks, n=65) and intervention groups (without mask, n=68). After two school lessons with (control) and without (intervention) face masks in class all pupils performed digital tests for cognitive performance regarding attention and executive functions (Switch, CORSI block tapping, 2-back and flanker task). Overall, there were no significant differences in cognitive performance between both groups, masks vs. no masks. Wearing face masks has no significant influence on attention and executive functions of pupils and can still be recommended during school lessons.
Accelerating Symmetric Rank-1 Quasi-Newton Method with Nesterov’s Gradient for Training Neural Networks
Authors: Indrapriyadarsini S. , Mahboubi Shahrzad , Ninomiya Hiroshi , Kamio Takeshi , Asai Hideki
Published: December 2021

Gradient based methods are popularly used in training neural networks and can be broadly categorized into first and second order methods. Second order methods have shown to have better convergence compared to first order methods, especially in solving highly nonlinear problems. The BFGS quasi-Newton method is the most commonly studied second order method for neural network training. Recent methods have shown to speed up the convergence of the BFGS method using the Nesterov’s acclerated gradient and momentum terms. The SR1 quasi-Newton method though less commonly used in training neural networks, are known to have interesting properties and provide good Hessian approximations when used with a trust-region approach. Thus, this paper aims to investigate accelerating the Symmetric Rank-1 (SR1) quasi-Newton method with the Nesterov’s gradient for training neural networks and briefly discuss its convergence. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on a function approximation and image classification problem.