bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controversy surrounding examination of sentinel lymph node in management of breast cancer
Authors: Forouhar Faripour
Published: February 2009

Currently, the clinical significance of detecting micrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes is unknown. Until long‐term follow‐up studies prove their relevance, the author does not believe that the implementation of a more costly and time‐consuming test with no clear benefit for patients is indicated.
Accessing RDF(S) data resources in service‐based Grid infrastructures
Authors: Esteban Gutiérrez Miguel , Kojima Isao , Mirza Pahlevi Said , Corcho Óscar , Gómez‐Pérez Asunción
Published: February 2009

We describe the results of the RDF(S) activity within the Open Grid Forum (http://www.ogf.org) (OGF) Database Access and Integration Services (DAIS) Working Group (http://forge.gridforum.org/projects/dais‐wg) whose objective is to develop standard service‐based grid access mechanisms for data expressed in RDF and RDF Schema. We produce two specifications, focused on the provision of SPARQL querying capabilities for accessing RDF data and a set of RDF Schema ontology handling primitives for creating, retrieving, updating, and deleting RDF data. In this paper we present a set of use cases that justify this work and an overview of these specifications, which will enter in editorial process at OGF25. We conclude by outlining the future work that will be made in the context of this standardization process. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New View on the Spectrochemical and Nephelauxetic Series on the Basis of Spin‐Polarized Conceptual DFT
Authors: Moens Jan , Jaque Pablo , De Proft Frank , Geerlings Paul
Published: February 2009

In a row: Chemical concepts from the spin‐polarized conceptual DFT field are used to explain the spectrochemical and nephelauxetic series within a group of ruthenium complexes.

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The spectrochemical and nephelauxetic series are analyzed within the context of spin‐polarized conceptual DFT. For a series of different [RuL6]x complexes, the local spin‐philicity ${\omega _{{\rm{S}}{\rm{,Metal}}}^ + }$ condensed on the metal ion shows a remarkable analogy with some semi‐empirical scales of the spectrochemical series. The local ${f_{{\rm{SS}}{\rm{,Metal}}}^ + }$ Fukui function in turn can be linked to the nephelauxetic effect. Herein, we present a non‐empirical, unified approach for a quantitative discussion of both series.
Xenopus, an ideal model system to study vertebrate left‐right asymmetry
Authors: Blum Martin , Beyer Tina , Weber Thomas , Vick Philipp , Andre Philipp , Bitzer Eva , Schweickert Axel
Published: February 2009

Vertebrate organ laterality is manifested by the asymmetric morphogenesis and placement of inner organs. Asymmetric induction of the Nodal signaling cascade in the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) precedes and is essential for asymmetric organ morphogenesis. While the Nodal cascade is highly conserved, symmetry breakage is considered to vary between the different classes of the vertebrates. In Xenopus, early determinants at cleavage stages were thought to break symmetry, opposed to cilia‐driven leftward flow in mammals and fish. The main objectives of this review are to emphasize the conserved nature of symmetry breakage, and to demonstrate the power of Xenopus embryology to analyze and manipulate flow. In addition, mutant phenotypes described in other model organisms can easily be mimicked in frog by single or multiple knockdowns in combination with experimental manipulations and flow analysis. Xenopus, therefore, is ideally suited to address the major open questions in the field. Developmental Dynamics 238:1215–1225, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the First Zinc Complex with 1,3,5‐Triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane (PTA), [ZnCl2(PTA)2], and of the Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Salts of N‐Methyl‐1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane with Tetrahalozinc [PTA–Me]2­[ZnI2X2] (X = I, Cl)
Authors: Smoleński Piotr , Benisvy Laurent , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: February 2009

The ZnII compounds [ZnCl2(PTA)2] (1) (PTA = 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane) and [PTA–Me]2[ZnI2X2] [X = Cl (2a), X = I (2b); PTA–Me = N‐methyl‐1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane] have been prepared by treating ZnCl2 with PTA and [PTA–Me]I, respectively, in methanol at room temperature. They are soluble in polar solvents such as water and methanol, stable in air, and have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 31P{1H} NMR, and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS, elemental and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analyses (for 1 and 2a). Compound 1 exhibits a nearly regular tetrahedral Zn coordination, with the PTA ligands displaying the uncommon N‐coordination with a low 31P NMR coordination shift. The molecular structure of 2a bears one discrete tetrahedral [ZnI2Cl2]2– anion and two cage‐like [PTA–Me]+ cations, one of them being located in a void. Compound 1 represents the first example of a Zn complex bearing PTA or any derived ligand with a cage‐like PTA core.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Mono‐, Bi‐ and Tridentate N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands for the Preparation of Transition‐Metal‐Based Homogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Corberán Rosa , Mas‐Marzá Elena , Peris Eduardo
Published: February 2009

This microreview focuses on the preparation of homogeneous catalysts of group 8–11 metals containing N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands. The current status of the design of mono‐, bi‐ and tridentate NHC ligands is reviewed through the description of the authors' own work. The catalytic applications of such complexes include hydrogen‐borrowing, C–C coupling, reduction of double bonds and C–H activation reactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Particle trajectory calculations with a two‐step three‐time level semi‐Lagrangian scheme well suited for curved flows
Authors: de Almeida Ricardo Carvalho , Costa Giovana Araújo Siqueira , da Fonseca Luiz Claudio Monteiro , Alves José Luis Drummond
Published: February 2009

This study proposes a new two‐step three‐time level semi‐Lagrangian scheme for calculation of particle trajectories. The scheme is intended to yield accurate determination of the particle departure position, particularly in the presence of significant flow curvature. Experiments were performed both for linear and non‐linear idealized advection problems, with different flow curvatures. Results for simulations with the proposed scheme, and with three other semi‐Lagrangian schemes, and with an Eulerian method are presented. In the linear advection problem the two‐step three‐time level scheme produced smaller root mean square errors and more accurate replication of the angular displacement of a Gaussian hill than the other schemes. In the non‐linear advection experiments the proposed scheme produced, in general, equal or better conservation of domain‐averaged quantities than the other semi‐Lagrangian schemes, especially at large Courant numbers. In idealized frontogenesis simulations the scheme performed equally or better than the other schemes in the representation of sharp gradients in a scalar field. The two‐step three‐time level scheme has some computational overhead as compared with the other three semi‐Lagrangian schemes. Nevertheless, the additional computational effort was shown to be worthwhile, due to the accuracy obtained by the scheme in the experiments with large time steps. The most remarkable feature of the scheme is its robustness, since it performs well both for small and large Courant numbers, in the presence of weak as well strong flow curvatures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The psychoneuroimmunology of depression
Authors: Leonard Brian E. , Myint Ayemu
Published: February 2009

Chronic stress, by initiating changes in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis and the immune system, acts as a trigger for anxiety and depression. There is experimental and clinical evidence that the rise in the concentration of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids, which occurs in a chronically stressful situation and also in depression, contribute to the behavioural changes associated with depression. A defect in serotonergic function is associated with these hormonal and immune changes. Neurodegenerative changes in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and amygdalae are the frequent outcome of the changes in the HPA axis and the immune system. Such changes may provide evidence for the link between chronic depression and dementia in later life. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid responses of a melanophore cell line to chemical contaminants in water
Authors: Iuga Aurel , Lerner Ethan , Shedd Tommy R. , van der Schalie William H.
Published: February 2009

We have evaluated a Xenopus cell line as a potential sensor for detecting toxins in water. X. laevis melanophores responded rapidly by dispersing melanosomes following exposure to six (ammonia, arsenic, copper, mercury, pentachlorophenol and phenol) of 12 tested chemicals in the desired sensitivity range. For two additional chemicals (nicotine and paraquat) the melanophore response improved upon the response capabilities of several available toxicity sensors. These results suggest that a melanophore‐based sensor could be useful for the rapid assessment of chemical toxicity in drinking water. Published 2009 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
The effect of laminin peptide gradient in enzymatically cross‐linked collagen scaffolds on neurite growth
Authors: Yao Li , Damodaran Gopinath , Nikolskaya Natalia , Gorman Adrienne M. , Windebank Anthony , Pandit Abhay
Published: February 2009

Guided neurite growth is critical in both peripheral nervous system and central nervous system nerve regeneration. Scaffolds that provide structural and guidance cues for neuronal cells have a potential role in neural regeneration application. Type I collagen is suitable to be processed as an engineered scaffold for nerve regeneration because of its biological and structural properties. A few previous studies have shown that cross‐linking of collagen scaffolds with microbial transglutaminase improves the mechanical strength and degradation properties of the scaffolds. It was shown that laminin 5 can regulate neurite outgrowth and extension. A motif (PPFLMLLKGSTR) in the human laminin 5 α3 chain is crucial for both integrin α3β1 receptor binding and cell adhesion. In the present work, we studied the guidance effect of a laminin peptide (PPFLMLLKGSTR) gradient in collagen and cross‐linked collagen scaffolds on neurite growth. Neurites of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells showed a preferential growth toward the high laminin concentration level on the collagen scaffold, while the incorporation of laminin peptide in the scaffold did not influence neurite length of PC12 cells. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Fabrication of permeable tubular constructs from chemically modified chitosan with enhanced antithrombogenic property
Authors: Qiu Yongzhi , Zhang Ning , Kang Qian , An Yuehuei , Wen Xuejun
Published: February 2009

The failure of artificial vascular grafts in small diameter vessel replacement is mainly due to the early formation of thrombosis. To prevent the occurrence of thrombosis, much effort has been focused on developing an anti‐thrombogenic coating of synthetic vascular prostheses or artificial conduits with improved anti‐thrombogenic properties. Because surface coatings may be unstable for long‐term applications, a bulk material with anti‐thrombogenic property is desirable for the fabrication of vascular grafts or conduits. To this end, we have chemically modified chitosan by phthalization to derive an anti‐thrombogenic material for the fabrication of vascular grafts. The chemical structure of phthalized chitosan was characterized with infrared spectroscopy. The hydrophilicity was examined with contact angle measurement, and the molecular weight distribution was measured using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Protein adsorption, hemolysis, and platelet adhesion assays were used to confirm the enhanced anti‐thrombogenic properties of this phthalized chitosan. Cytotoxicity and proliferation assays were performed to test its high biocompatibility. With its improved solubility and processibility, this phthalized chitosan was fabricated into selective permeable tubular constructs of varying sizes and morphology through a wet phase‐inversion process. With improved anti‐thrombogenic property, biocompatibility, and great processibility, phthalized chitosan has great potential as the material for the fabrication of small diameter vascular grafts. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Fluorous biphase oxidation of ethyl benzene and benzyl alcohol catalyzed by perfluoroalkyl phthalocyanine complexes
Authors: Qiu Tao , Xu Xiaoyong , Qian Xuhong
Published: February 2009

BACKGROUND: Ketones and aldehydes are important organic chemicals as intermediates for the pharmaceutical and fine‐chemical industries. The existing oxidation reactions to obtain ketones and aldehydes are no longer sustainable because of the large amount of waste generated and use of stoichiometric reagents: a cleaner catalytic oxidation system needs to be developed.

RESULTS: The experimental results show that cobalt (II) tetra‐(perfluorohexyl) phthalocyaninate delivered a high catalytic activity for the oxidation of ethyl benzene (35% conversion and 86% selectivity to acetophenone) at 90 °C under ambient pressure of oxygen. The catalyst could be recycled for at least four runs. For the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, a conversion of 6% was achieved but with a selectivity of 100% at 90 °C under 2 × 105 Pa O2.

CONCLUSION: Perfluoroalkyl metallophthalocyanines can be used for the fluorous biphasic oxidation of ethyl benzene and benzyl alcohol with molecular oxygen. The cobalt (II) tetra‐(perfluorohexyl) phthalocyaninate exhibited the highest catalytic activity for the oxidation of ethyl benzene. The catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol using our method may be feasible in industrial applications. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Benzoylpyruvates in heterocyclic chemistry
Authors: Nolsöe Jens M. J. , Weigelt Dirk
Published: February 2009

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The present review covers the utility of benzoylpyruvates as a vehicle for the preparation of highly functionalized heterocycles. Regio‐ and chemoselective features are discussed with reference to the application of different nucleophilic species. In this context, the preparation of such rings as pyrazoles, isoxazoles, primidines, and pyridines are presented. As the means to establish a distinct functional pattern, the rendered strategy can be seen as an alternative to cross‐coupling protocols. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
DBU‐catalyzed three‐component one‐pot synthesis of highly functionalized pyridines in aqueous ethanol
Authors: Mamgain Ritu , Singh Ram , Rawat Diwan S.
Published: February 2009

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1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) efficiently catalyzes three‐component one‐pot condensations of aldehyde, malononitrile, and thiophenol to produce highly functionalized pyridines in excellent yield in aqueous ethanol. J. Heterocyclic Chem.,46, 69 (2009).
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy on novel black silicon‐based nanostructured surfaces
Authors: Talian Ivan , Mogensen Klaus Bo , Oriňák Andrej , Kaniansky Dušan , Hübner Jörg
Published: February 2009

Two different black silicon nanostructured surfaces modified with thin gold layers were tested for analytical signal enhancement with Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). The relationship between the thicknesses of the gold layers and the analytical signal enhancement was studied. Also, effects of Ti and Ti/Pt adhesion layers underneath the gold layers on the analytical signal enhancement were tested. An enhancement factor of 7.6 × 107 with the excitation laser 785 nm was achieved for the tested analyte, Rhodamine 6G, and non‐resonance SER spectra were recorded in a 5 s acquisition mode. Such an enhancement enables to achieve a detection limit down to 2.4 pg of Rhodamine 6G on a black silicon‐based nanosurface coated with a 400‐nm‐thin layer of gold. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introducing the coaxial method of catheter port implantation for hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy
Authors: Watanabe Masashi , Yamazaki Kunihiro , Yajima Satoshi , Tsuchiya Masaru , Ito Masaaki , Nanami Tatsuki , Oshima Yoko , Kaneko Hironori , Shimokawa Kontoku
Published: February 2009

Background

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is an effective method of treating patients with liver metastasis. However, in patients who have tortuous hepatic arteries, the procedure is extremely difficult with currently available methods. We have hence devised a method that is applicable in technically difficult circumstances called the coaxial method of cannulation.

Methods and Results

When compared to the conventional method of cannulation for HAIC, the coaxial method does not involve catheter exchange. This process is often associated with the flimsy micro‐guide wire dislodging out of the target artery, particularly if the patient has a torturous or stenosed artery. In the coaxial method, both the anti‐coagulated indwelling and coaxial catheters are placed in the artery together, with the coaxial catheter inside the indwelling catheter. The proximal ends of the catheter unit are attached to a connecting pipe, which subsequently connects to the implantable port. Our results show no differences in the cumulative patency rates of the hepatic artery between coaxial and conventional methods of HAIC.

Conclusion

It is important to continually devise new methods to make HAIC technically less demanding. The coaxial method is free from catheter exchange, and therefore allows easier cannulation of difficult arteries. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:382–385. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic value of the ratio of metastatic lymph nodes in gastric cancer: An analysis based on a Chinese population
Authors: Wang Xi , Wan Fei , Pan Jun , Yu Guan‐Zhen , Chen Ying , Wang Jie‐Jun
Published: February 2009

Background and Objectives

To determine the prognostic value of the ratio of metastatic lymph nodes (RML) for gastric cancer and compare it to the prognostic value of the number‐based pN classification.

Methods

The survival of 513 patients who underwent curative resection between 2000 and 2005 was retrieved. The prognostic value of two factors for nodal status: RML classification (RML0, 0%; RML1, ≤30%; RML2, ≤50%; RML3, >50%) and pN classification (6th TNM system), was analyzed.

Results

Both RML and pN classifications were independent prognostic factors when considered separately in multivariate analysis (P‐values < 0.05). Moreover, the proportion of explained variation (PEV) analysis showed that each classification had more prognostic value than other prognostic factors in two models respectively (P‐values < 0.05). The D‐measure for prognostic separation was 1.563 versus 1.383 for RML versus pN. Bootstrap results for the difference of D‐measures did not show a significant difference between RML and pN in terms of prognostic power (95% CI, −0.102 to 0.175).

Conclusions

RML is an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. However, no significant evidence is found to support the hypothesis that RML classification carries more prognostic value than pN classification. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:329–334. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time course of repeated intratympanic gentamicin for ménière's disease
Authors: Nguyen Kimanh D. , Minor Lloyd B. , Della Santina Charles C. , Carey John P.
Published: February 2009

Objectives/Hypothesis:

With low‐dose and titration protocols, subsequent intratympanic (IT) gentamicin injections are frequently necessary for vertigo control in Ménière's disease. To date, studies have not provided detailed descriptions of the time course of recurrent vertigo and repeated injections. Our objective is to provide such a description with a Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, which may enable accurate predictions of the probability of recurrent vertigo after a given time or number of injections.

Study Design:

Injections of IT gentamicin were administered for unilateral definite Ménière's disease. One injection (or rarely more) in a 6‐week period constituted a “round.” Repeat rounds were given when needed for control of recurrent vertigo.

Methods:

We used a Kaplan‐Meier method to quantify percentages of patients with control of vertigo over an 8‐year period. A separate curve was created for each number of rounds, and failure for each was defined as the need for an additional round.

Results:

Of 78 patients, 75 (96%) achieved sufficient vertigo control to avoid ablative surgery, and 42 (54%) required only one round. Thirty‐six (46%) required multiple rounds. The probability of needing another round increased with each subsequent one, through four rounds. The median times to the next round after one, two, or three rounds were 148, 118, and 124 days, respectively.

Conclusions:

More than half of patients need only one round of IT gentamicin injections. With each additional round through the fourth one, the probability of additional rounds increases. Nevertheless, the majority (96%) of patients do not need ablative surgery after IT gentamicin. Laryngoscope, 2009
Characteristics of participants in a free oral, head and neck cancer screening program
Authors: Gourin Christine G. , Kaboli Kavon C. , Blume Erin J. , Nance Melonie A. , Koch Wayne M.
Published: February 2009

Objective:

Early detection of head and neck cancer is associated with improved survival. It is unclear if screening programs successfully target high‐risk populations. We sought to determine the characteristics of participants presenting for a free oral, head and neck cancer screening.

Materials and Methods:

Prospective analysis of 89 participants in a one‐day, free oral, head, and neck cancer screening.

Results:

The majority of participants were female (57%) and not tobacco users (71%) with a mean age of 56 years (range, 23–83). Symptoms associated with head and neck cancer were reported by 59 participants (66%), but only 31 (35%) were aware of an association between symptoms and head and neck cancer. There was no correlation between symptom prevalence and exam findings (r = 0.1161). Ten participants (11%) had findings concerning for neoplasia and were referred for immediate consultation. Demographically, 64 (72%) of participants had attended college and 51 (57%) earned an annual income greater then $30,000. The majority of participants (85%) believed that screening increased their awareness and knowledge of oral and head and neck cancer.

Conclusions:

Free oral, head and neck cancer screenings increase awareness of oral and head and neck cancer and identify a subset of individuals requiring further evaluation. However, participants do not share characteristics of the population at greatest risk for the development of head and neck cancer based on risk factors and socioeconomic status. These findings suggest that early detection efforts need to be designed to target high‐risk populations. Laryngoscope, 2009
Anti‐intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 antibody's effect on noise damage
Authors: Seidman Michael D. , Tang Wenxue , Shirwany Najeeb , Bai Uma , Rubin Cory J. , Henig Joseph P. , Quirk Wayne S.
Published: February 2009

Objectives/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible preventive effects of anti‐intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 antibody (anti‐ICAM‐1 Ab) on noise‐induced cochlear damage as assessed by changes in auditory thresholds and cochlear blood flow.

Study Design:

A controlled animal study. Pretreated rats with anti‐ICAM‐1 Ab or saline control, followed with exposure to 72 continuous hours of broad band noise (107 dB SPL), and 24 hours after noise exposure treated again with anti‐ICAM‐1 Ab or saline.

Methods:

Eighteen healthy male Fischer rats (200–250 g) were used. Sixteen were randomly selected to study noise‐induced temporary threshold shifts. The remaining two rats were used to study cochlear blood flow (CBF), using laser Doppler flowmetry and blood pressure measurements.

Results:

Rats treated with anti‐ICAM‐1 Ab (1.875 mg/kg, intravenously) showed attenuated temporary threshold shifts (TTS) compared to controls. Both groups showed a partial threshold recovery 72 hours following noise exposure, normal for this noise exposure paradigm. Comparisons of baseline and post‐treatment measurements of CBF and mean arterial blood pressure revealed no significant changes. Anti‐ICAM‐1 Ab animals displayed significantly lower mean auditory threshold shifts at all five test frequencies (P < .05) when compared to control.

Conclusions:

Blocking the cascade of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by using anti‐ICAM‐Ab protects against noise‐induced hearing loss. Laryngoscope, 2009
Cytotoxicity and antiangiogenesis by fibroblast growth factor 2–targeted Ad‐TK cancer gene therapy
Authors: Saito Koichiro , Khan Khurram , Sosnowski Barbara , Li Daqing , O'Malley Bert W.
Published: February 2009

Objectives:

Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in addition to lung, skin, ovarian, and other cancers overexpress fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors on both individual tumor cells and endothelial cells within the tumor microenvironment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether FGF2‐targeted gene therapy could redirect adenoviral vectors encoding the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (Ad‐TK) to FGF receptors on tumor and endothelial cells with the intent of improving both the efficiency of transgene expression and the antitumor response.

Study Design and Methods:

An Ad‐TK vector consisting of a conjugate of FGF2 linked to a Fab′ fragment against the adenoviral knob region was directly delivered to human HNSCC xenograft tumors in nude mice, which were subsequently dosed with ganciclovir. Tumor specimens were assessed for herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV‐tk) transgene mRNA expression, FGF1/2 receptor expression, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin–deoxy uridine triphosphate nick end labeling assay for apoptosis, CD31 immunohistochemistry to estimate tumor microvessel density, and tumor volume change.

Results:

FGF2‐retargeted Ad‐TK gene therapy demonstrated significant increases in both HSV‐tk mRNA expression and cellular apoptosis levels, and a significant decrease in tumor volume size compared with all other groups. Furthermore, microvessel density was significantly lower in the FGF2‐retargeted Ad‐TK group, indicating a strong antiangiogenesis effect.

Conclusions:

These data suggest that FGF2‐retargeted Ad‐TK produces a combination of expected direct antitumor cytotoxicity and a newly reported antiangiogenesis effect that could prove promising as a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of FGF receptor–expressing cancers. Laryngoscope, 2009
Contributions on the dynamic simulation of the virtual model of the human knee joint
Authors: Tarnita D. , Tarnita D.N. , Bizdoaca N. , Popa D.
Published: February 2009

In this paper, we are presenting the results of the research based on dynamic simulation of human knee virtual model.

Starting from the parts realized with computer tomography help, there were realized virtual models for the femur, tibia, meniscus and ligaments that form the complex human knee joint, and their discretisation in finites elements.

There were raised tension and deformation diagrams for the meniscus subjected to different stresses. There are presented comparative diagrams for tensions, deformations and deforming energy for the normal meniscus, and, respectively, for the totally cut meniscus, with a third of the volume, or two thirds of the volume.

There were raised diagrams of the cinematic parameters (positions, speeds, accelerations) of the femur – lateral meniscus couple. Virtual models of the bony structures were subjected to different cinematic and dynamic simulations, separately, or in whole the human knee joint. Maps of tension were presented for the whole joint and for its components, to different movement moments.
Characterization of the mechanical properties of ultra‐fine grained NiTiCr‐wires
Authors: Frotscher M. , Burow J. , Schön P. , Neuking K. , Böckmann R. , Eggeler G.
Published: February 2009

NiTiCr is used in medicine for retriever devices, dental‐ and guide wires [1–3]. Very little has been published in literature about this ternary NiTi‐alloy. In the present work, the mechanical properties of NiTiCr shape memory alloy (SMA) wires (0.25 wt.% Cr) in the as‐received condition and after a number of different heat treatments were studied. The surface quality of the wires was examined, because it is known that the surface condition has an influence on fatigue life. Mechanical uniaxial loading‐unloading tensile and cyclic tests were performed. Bending‐rotation fatigue (BRF) tests at higher rpm‐levels were conducted in air and in oil. This is important with regard to possible applications, where NiTiCr might be used as a structural component.
Fatigue and endurance of coronary stents
Authors: Weiß S. , Szymczak H. , Meißner A.
Published: February 2009

Coronary stents have to sustain up to 700 million cycles induced by the cyclic diameter change of coronary arteries. Therefore fatigue tests are required to allow an accreditation or commercial utilization. In the present study coronary stents were investigated after cyclic fatigue in a stent tester. Several stents of equal design and equal test adjustments but with different cyclic expansion due to their position in the stent tester were compared. Microstructure characterization by means of scanning electron microscopy as well as single grain orientation determination shows the differences in microstructure and microtexture after different magnitudes of cyclic expansion. The present study will give a more comprehensive understanding of the influence of the test conditions on the structure property relationship under monotonic and cyclic load as a basis for ongoing development in stent optimization.
Comparison of the resorbable magnesium . alloys LAE442 und MgCa0.8 concerning their mechanical properties, their progress of degradation and the bone‐implant‐contact after 12 months implantation duration in a rabbit model
Authors: Thomann M. , Krause Ch. , Bormann D. , von der Höh N. , Windhagen H. , Meyer‐Lindenberg A.
Published: February 2009

Extruded implants (2.5 mm x 25 mm) of the resorbable magnesium alloys MgCa0.8 and LAE442 were implanted into the marrow cavity of both tibiae of 10 New Zealand White rabbits. The animals were in a good general condition over the whole experimental period and showed no signs of lameness. Radiographic examinations could not reveal any generation of gas. The endosteal based bone adhesion to the implant surface was evaluated by μ‐computed tomography of the right tibia. 53 % of the evaluated slices of the alloy LAE442 showed an adherence of trabecular bone. MgCa0.8 showed trabeculae (38 %), bone clasps (13 %) and ‐rings (9 %) that covered the whole implant surface. Beside the weight and volume loss, the cross sectional area of the implants were measured to investigate the progress of degradation. Implants of the MgCa0.8 group showed an average loss of more than half of the original implant area (2.18 mm2 ± 1.03). In contrast LAE442 implants degraded very regularly (4.7 mm2 ± 0.07). Weight and volume measurements revealed a volume loss of 64.13 % ± 15.92 in the MgCa0.8 group and a lesser volume loss of 45.63 % ± 0.89 in the LAE442. The mechanical properties were tested by a three point bending test. It showed a decrease of the maximal force of 71.2 % ± 2.88 for LAE442 implants and of 85.6 % for MgCa0.8 implants, each compared to the initial condition.
Problems with the distribution of your health and medical information
Authors: Arnott Smith Catherine , Patrick Tim , Rhyner Paula , Swain Deborah , Davolio Leonard , Morris Ted
Published: February 2009

Social computing in the domain of health care is a vital, growing activity on the web. Patients, family, and healthcare professionals seek answers and share information. Knowledge management issues about accessing data and cultivating users have not been resolved. This panel has experiences to share based on research into the problems and issues that can separate each of us from personal medical and health records. Sometimes academic research in information science is separated by policies and practices from impacting the design of medical/healthcare world's information applications. Reliability and quality in health information and knowledge depend on bridging this gap.

Panelists and attendees will discuss four aspects of the gap between research and practice. Panelists want to show how their IS research may help improve your access to records. During audience interaction, everyone will be asked to concentrate on the perspective of the PATIENT by asking these questions:

How do I know where my medical information comes from and goes in a system?

If I am just the patient, can I find the information I need?

As part of a large group of patients (or infected population), how can my data be shared for the public good?

What are the challenges and opportunities of using existing health information for the public good?

Format: Presentations (10 min. each) with Discussion (during and after panel presentations).
Social computing, folksonomies, and image tagging: Reports from the research front
Authors: Hastings Samantha K. , Iyer Hemalata , Neal Diane , Rorissa Abebe , Yoon JungWon
Published: February 2009

Today, the World Wide Web contains a vast collection of multimedia information sources which are mainly created and published by individuals. Image and video sharing services such as Flickr and YouTube pose new challenges in multimedia information indexing and retrieval and demand dynamic sets of solutions. Individuals are not just users but creators and indexers of multimedia information sources through activities such as tagging. User generated tags, taxonomies, and folksonomies of images are gaining popularity. Therefore, how to incorporate users' tags into the process of indexing and retrieval needs urgent attention. Presenters on this panel conducted various studies on image tagging and descriptions by people and the common findings include: (a) tags assigned to groups of images and individual images differ in terms of their level of abstraction, (b) image tagging specificity and exhaustivity levels differ greatly among individuals, and (c) the accordance between existing controlled vocabularies and tags varies in terms of image attributes.

To make this panel an interactive one, the audience will have the opportunity to discuss the general topic of social computing (specifically image tagging) and indexing guided by the following questions:

Are user‐generated image tags/index terms viable alternatives to index terms assigned by professionals? Or, if tags cannot substitute for indexer‐generated index terms, can we utilize user‐generated tags to complement current indexing schemes by reflecting users' needs which are not found in existing indexing schemes?

Can a large image indexing and retrieval system realistically rely on user‐generated tags/index terms?

What does the audience think of the criticism that language used by users (or user‐generated tags/index terms) is not precise and controlled?

Are we in a better position today, due to the popularity of social tagging, to effectively and efficiently implement truly user‐centered indexing? Or, is social tagging merely a fad that users will not support in the long term?

What should the role of traditional indexing tools and systems be?
Who is tagging information?
Authors: Abbas June M. , Chen Hsin‐liang , Lomax Edward C.
Published: February 2009

As Web 2.0 aims to be a more dynamic, interactive, information‐rich environment, social tagging, or the creation of user‐defined metadata by users, (as well as the outcome of tagging, folksonomies or the development of user‐centered vocabularies or lists of keywords that can be used for searching and subject access) (Dye, 2006), is a practice developing to foster online collaboration, independent information sharing and distribution, as well as open communication. Systems that enable social tagging are becoming more common. In the Web 2.0 environment, tagging and folksonomies have been used in different contexts such as photo sharing sites like Flickr, video sharing sites like YouTube, blog search engines like Technorati, and in social bookmarking sites like del.icio.us and LibraryThing (Etches‐Johnson, 2006) . It is generally assumed that more users are learning about and actually tagging resources. Academic articles on tagging are becoming more common (for example, Golder & Huberman, 2005; Marlow, Naaman, Boyd & Davis, 2006). However, little has been reported about tagger's motivations (Abbas, 2007; Abbas & Graham, 2006), the different contexts of tagging, and the the implications for practices and for the library and information science profession (Abbas & Graham, 2006).

While the Web 2.0 environment has become a virtual laboratory for exploring the efficacy and utility of social tagging, as well as tagging practices, integrating social tagging into current business and professional practices at different institutions and professions deserves a reality check. The purposes of the panel are: 1) to explore the different contexts in which tagging is being used, 2) to examine how well social tagging has been adopted by several professions such as newspapers, libraries, museums, and within different contexts such as the Web (image and digital video sharing sites), corporations, medical professions, and other information professions, and 3) to discuss implications tagging may have to the library and information science profession. The panelists will present their observations and research results and discuss future trends for different fields.
Opening science to all: Implications of blogs and wikis for social and scholarly scientific communication
Authors: Zivkovic Bora , Bradley Jean‐Claude , Stemwedel Janet , Edwards Phillip , Vaughan K.T.L.
Published: February 2009

A growing number of scientists are turning to Web2.0 communication tools such as blogs and wikis to provide open channels for their social and scholarly discourse. Because of these tools, scientists are increasingly able to share data, results, and analysis of research (scholarly communication) with distant, and sometimes unknown peers, and are also able to enter the realm of scientific commentary (social communication) with the general public. While many science bloggers focus on purely social commentary on science, others include conference announcements and reports, book reviews, brief discussion of “failed” experiments, and non‐publishable research findings. Within this environment there is a strong awareness that readers include – and may preferentially be – non‐scientists, perhaps even nonspecialist skeptics about established theories. This session is not only concerned with presenting a state of the blog for science communication, but also with thinking about the impact of “plain English” science writing on both society and on science.
Conceptualizing social justice in the information sciences
Authors: Rioux Kevin , Mehra Bharat , Albright Kendra
Published: February 2009

Inquiries into information needs, seeking, and use continue to contribute a great deal of valuable theoretical and practical knowledge to information science (Fisher et al., 2005; Case, 2007). The principles of fairness, ethics, and equity are often implicit in many of these studies (Hersberger, 2003; Todd & Edwards, 2004; Courtright, 2005). However, the concept of social justice, an overarching concept that includes these principles, is rarely made explicit.

An ad hoc gathering, originally coined the “Social Justice Forum” was held at AM'06 in Austin, Texas, to explore the usefulness of social justice concepts in information science. This meeting brought together researchers and practitioners who are generally interested in social justice issues as they relate to information. Since the term “social justice” in information science is a somewhat novel or under‐used one, the discussion primarily focused on defining and fitting the term into information science contexts. One of the results was a list of keywords that represent social justice as it relates to information use, including:

Under‐served populations

Agenda‐setting

Economic benefits of information access and use

Cultural issues

Marginalization

Policy

Community informatics

Diversity

Fair use

Information sharing and exchange

Given that many information professions mandate that practitioners be advocates for their constituents, and given the richness of extant social justice concepts in other fields, the group agreed that it would be a good idea to continue exploring the relationship between social justice and information studies and practice.
Social computing as co‐created experience
Authors: Gazan Rich , Shachaf Pnina , Barzilai‐Nahon Karine , Shankar Kalpana , Bardzell Shaowen
Published: February 2009

One of the most interesting effects of social computing is that the line between users and designers has become increasingly uncertain. Examples abound‐user‐generated content, rating and recommendation systems, social networking sites, open source software and easy personalization and sharing have effectively allowed users to become design partners in the creation of online experience. This panel will discuss four examples of social computing in practice, including the exercise of virtual social capital by members of the Answerbag online question‐answering community, the thriving yet understudied user interactions on Wikipedia talk pages, self‐regulation mechanisms of gatekeeping in virtual communities, and collaborative design practices within Second Life, a Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG) that is also an interactive design environment. The aim of this panel is to challenge traditional understanding of users' role in the creation and evolution of information systems, and work toward a more realistic conceptualization of Web 2.0 users as both a source of, and a solution to, the overabundance of information created via social computing.
Social capital 2.0: New ICTs and new social forms
Authors: McInerney Claire R. , Tennis Joseph T. , Tötterman Anna‐Karin , Widén‐Wulff Gunilla , Wright Steve , Day Ronald E.
Published: February 2009

In this panel we investigate the relation between social capital and methods of populist, post‐coordinate knowledge management which has popularly been termed “Web 2.0” or “Library 2.0.” We include in this examination the management of persons and groups, as matrixes and agents of knowledge, and we center our examination upon the ways that documentary forms and social organization can give rise to social capital as embodied by producers and their expressions rather than occurring as the result of the managerial “precoordination” of personnel and documents. In the historical and social shifts from a managerial to a user or worker perspective, we may note, as well, a possible change in the notion of “information” from that of the supposed effect of documentary forms to social networks and their expressive productions, that is, a shift from a documentary to a post‐documentary notion of “information” and a shift from a “managerial” to a “post‐managerial” notion of organizational culture. Such shifts may require us to shift our foci and methods, as well, from an epistemology and a practice that emphasizes “content” and content management to that of social constructivism and viewing “content” as the expressive product of cultural forms, social situations, and personal interactions (and with this, a need for greater ethnographic, philosophical, “critical,” aesthetic, and historical methods of research).
Technical session on: The impact of the Internet on users
Authors: Griffiths José‐Marie , King Donald W. , Pomerantz Jeffrey , Tenopir Carol , D'Elia George , Aerni Sarah E.
Published: February 2009

The online information environment has changed dramatically since the earliest online systems emerged in the 1960s. Growth has occurred both in the number of users of online information as well as in the number of online information resources and providers. The rate of growth in each of these areas increased exponentially with the availability of the public Internet and the World Wide Web. These foundational technological developments created an environment in which almost anyone can “publish” or function as an information provider and have virtually instantaneous access to massive volumes of information.
A methodology and model for studying boundary objects, annotations, and collaborative practices: Musicians and musical scores
Authors: Winget Megan A.
Published: February 2009

Although the boundary object is a significant theoretical concept for the CSCW community, it is less well‐known in the general Information Science community. This paper briefly reviews the concept of the boundary object and proposes a new method to help researchers study users' interactions with these objects. Findings from an qualitative study of musicians' annotative behaviors on their boundary objects, musical scores, will provide the means to discuss this methodology. Findings from this study have implications not only for the CSCW community, but also for the Information Science community at large, in the development of systems that support collaboration, performance, and different forms of human‐information interaction.
Mining web search behaviors: Strategies and techniques for data modeling and analysis
Authors: Wang Peiling , Wolfram Dietmar , Zhang Jin , Hong Ningning , Wu Lei , Canevit Craig , Redmon Daniel
Published: February 2009

There is a growing interest in modeling Web searching behaviors using query log data. In this project, we identified some gaps in current research. We propose to model Web search behaviors along three dimensions: interactions, linguistic and cognitive behaviors. We propound Web search session as a vital important concept to study interactive behaviors using query logs. A highly granular, comprehensive relational model is presented for data extraction and transformation along with strategies and methods for session identification. To facilitate analysis, we developed an interactive Web tool for exploring different session thresholds. We demonstrate statistically that the 80‐20 empirical rule shows promise for setting session boundaries. In addition, we recommend that decisions for session boundary thresholds should be determined based on specific query corpus characteristics such as type and size of the database searched, and type of searchers who submit the queries. Our approach is based on the fact that data mining researchers do not always know all the hypotheses that the data can answer at the outset and the log data are diverse across environments due to the lack of standardization. This model maximizes transactional data inclusion, is flexible in handling data content, and can be extended easily to incorporate new hypotheses and new data elements as mining progresses.
Three of the four FRBR group 1 entity types are roles, not types
Authors: Renear Allen H. , Dubin David
Published: February 2009

We examine the conceptual model of the “bibliographic universe” presented in IFLA's Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and argue, applying ontology design recommendations proposed by N. Guarino and C. Welty, that three of the four Group 1 entity types might be more accurately conceptualized as roles. We show how this approach may generalize the solution to a previously identified puzzle regarding the FRBR entity type of XML documents and speculate as to the sorts of entities that might take on these roles. This view of bibliographic entities, that they are roles that other things have in particular social contexts is consistent with Searle's notion of a cascade of social facts established through collective intentionality. We allow that even if our analysis is correct the current FRBR approach may be preferable as there are good reasons for “denormalized ontologies” that treat roles as types, particularly when the objective is not a general ontology, but a practical conceptual model.