bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Mineral Fertilization on Apple Quality
Authors: JIVAN Claudia , SALA Florin
Published: December 2021

The studies the production quality of three varieties of apples,Â Generos , Florina and Delicios de VoinestiÂ Â under the influence of differential nutrition based on macroelements. The nutritive elements came from complex fertilizers (NPK) 120 and 240 kg s.a./ha. The size of the fruits was directly influenced by mineral fertilization and it was established by taking into account two evaluating factors like diameter and average weight. The spore of average diameter apples was between 7.82Â - 14.58 mm in Florina variety, 9.4 - 24.02 mm in Delicios de Voinesti variety and 29 - 33.4 mm inÂ Generos variety. The average spore of weight varied according to variety and doses from 1.2 to 1.9 g inÂ Florina variety, 1.5 - 3.2 g in Delicios de Voinesti variety and 3.7 - 5.3 g in Generos varietyÂ . The sugar content was between 16.90Â±0.41 % in Generos variety and 22.10Â±0.56 % in Delicios de Voinesti varietyÂ Â . The total acidity is in reverse raport with the sugar content and has the following values: 0.26 % inÂ Delicios de Voinesti variety and 0.58 % in Generos variety.
Implementation of a Specific Land Reclamation Informational System for USAMV
Authors: LáSZLá“ BeÃ¡ta , CIOTLÄ‚UȘ Ana
Published: December 2021

The specific land reclamation system is a technical and economical subsystem of evidence and systematic inventory of all real estate in the land reclamation in Romania. The evidence and inventory of land reclamation have an important role in the implementation of sectoral and local strategies. This paper aims at achieving such an evidence system, appropriate land reclamation works (control of soil erosion and control of excessive moisture) of perimeter Cojocna of USAMV Cluj-Napoca by building an informational system specific for this field. This system has to be compatible with regulations of the General Cadastre from Romania and with the current methodological rules. Spatial and tabular database will be built using any information obtained from earlier land reclamation projects for this area, with help of old and new maps and with topographic measurements. This specific informational system of land reclamation will be using ArcGIS software to represent the obtained spatial and tabular data. The objective to pursue is to obtain a complex digital plan for the studied area, which will help in studying the behavior of land reclamation works and for planning new land reclamation works.
Assessing the Efficiency of Different Chemical Products for Western Flower Thrips
Authors: OLTEAN Ion , COVACI Anca Dafina , FLORIAN Teodora
Published: December 2021

The principal management strategy used to deal with western flower thrips in greenhouses involves the use of insecticides (R. A. Cloyd, 2009). We assessed the effectiveness of five chemical variants in five rows of tomato (36 mÂ 2). The variants were: Pyrinex 25 NE (Clorpirifos 0.03%), Oscar 10 CE (Novaluron 0.06%), Vertimec 1.8 CE (Abamectin 0.08%), Karat-Ezeon (Lambda-chialotrin 0.02), Actara 25 WG (Thiametoxan 0.02%). Each variant was tested on a single row of tomato. Treatments were repeated four times. After each treatment, three examinations were performed: 24 hours before treatment, 24 hours after treatment and 7 days after treatment. Examinations consisted of counting direct on the plant the adults and pre-adults stages (larvae) separately. Twenty four hours after treatment the mean number of thrips per plant ranged from 39 individuals (Actara 25 WG) to 83.8 individuals (Oscar 10 CE). Seven days after treatment the mean number of thrips per plant varied between 23.5 individuals (Actara 25 WG) and 63.8 individuals (Oscar 10 CE). Regarding examination after 24 hours, our data showed that the minimum percentage of efficiency was registered for Pyrinex 25 NE and maximum for Karat-Ezeon. After a week the efficiency was 44% for Vertimec 1.8 CE and 71.1% for Karat-Ezeon. Thus we recommend Karat-Ezeon for thrips management but in combination with other monitoring tools to establish the right moment to use.
Cultivation and High Capitalization of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in the Romanian-
Authors: SIDOROFF Manuela Elisabeta , OANCEA Anca , POPESCU Stefan , ROATA George , MATEESCU Iris , PAUN Laura , BANCILA Andrei
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, in a world with rapidly growing population, the utilization of the available natural resources in a best possible way is obviously of highest priority. Significant part of the natural resources for a given region is the local biodiversity. Being in a climatically favorable environment, the cross-border area Romania - Bulgaria has a rich variety of plants with high potential not only in pharmacology and cosmetics but in many other fields. That is why, the project â€MedPlaNetÂ - medicinal plant network for enhancement of the comparative advantage of CalarasiÂ - Silistra cross-border area for sustainableÂ developmentâ€ developed an Oracle data base (http://medplanet.dbioro.eu) which includes a phyto-chemical screening of spontaneous and cultivated medicinal plants in the region, physical and chemical characteristics of the soils, technologies used for cultivation, harvesting and processing these herbs but also statistic studies about the use of medicinal and aromatic plants by the local population in both countries. The biologically active compounds identified in the medicinal plants are used in new formula of natural products as generators of new technologies for production and services, offering a chance for developing sound economy based on knowledge with high added value.
The Morphology and the Biological Control of Cryphonectria parasitica
Authors: PUIA Carmen Emilia , GRIGORESCU Daniela Andreea , MICLEA Raluca Vasilica
Published: December 2021

Cryphonectria parasiticaÂ Â (Murr.) Bar [syn. Endothia parasitica (Murr. And.] (anamorf:Â Endothiella sp .) is the causal agent of chestnut bark disease or chestnut blight, disease which produced great damages throughout the world, for example, in Europe, the European chestnut tree (Â Castanea sativa (P.) Mill) was heavily affected. Environmental concerns have focused attention on natural forms of disease control as an effective alternative to chemical pesticides. In the chestnut blight fungus,Â Cryphonectria parasitica deals with a natural form of biological control in which the virulence of a fungal pathogen is attenuated by an endogenous viral RNA genetic element- the hypovirulent strain. In our researches we picked samples of chestnut bark from different areas in Maramures county. Weâ€™ve isolated the fungus on PDA medium and weâ€™ve studied the morphological characteristics of the usual virulent strain and we looked for a possible hypovirulent strain in order to study its capacity for biological control. The fungus develops in the bark and in cambium where forms a yellowish or brownish stroma and produces both conidia and ascospores. The pycnidia stromata break through the lenticels producing conidia and later in the same stroma develop the perithecia which produce ascospores. Both strains of the fungus were found in the research area. The hypovirulent strain had a slower development, showed no sporuÂ lation and pigmentation â€œwhite cultural strainâ€ and was testedÂ in vitro for the capacity to convert the virulent isolates by dual culture tests.
Management Problems of Ecological Reconstruction of Soils from Burnazâ€™ Plain and
Authors: BERCA Mihai , ROBESCU Valentina Ofelia , BUZATU Cristiana Silvia , HOROIAȘ Roxana
Published: December 2021

More than 5 millions hectares of arable land from the total of 9 millions arable land have suffered, in the last 40 years, strong phenomena of ecological degradation due to the excess of works with the plow and to incorrect use of inputs (fertilizers with nitrogen and pesticides). The quantity of humus was reduced by up to 60%, while the biomass from inside the soil decreased 10 times. In this paper is described an ecological reconstruction model of a chernozem soil from the Burnaz Plain, Alexandria area, starting from the tillage system modification on an optimized crop rotation with ameliorative plants (peas, soy, wheat, rape, corn, sunflower) and by introducing into the soil a quantity of up to 4 tonnes/ha residual organic matter associated with activating biocomposts. The results obtained have led to the very significant change of soilâ€™s physical, biological and biochemical properties. The soil compactity was reduced of almost 7 times on the hardpan area, the amount of water held in soil has been improved by over 4 times, the biological activity of soil has increased more than 5 times and the level of premium wheat production has increased more than 3,5 times, as well as its quality (minimum 15% protein).
Improper Household Waste Disposal in Rural Territory.
Authors: MIHAI Florin Constantin
Published: December 2021

Open dumping of waste generated and uncollected is the most common option in waste management schemes from rural areas. Lack of sanitation services or rudimentary waste management systems favored this practice. This paper proposes a method to estimate the amounts of household waste uncontrolled disposed at local administrative unit level (commune) for 2003 and 2010. Based on estimating the amounts of waste generated and uncollected are introduced new indicators in the quantitative analysis taking into account the household waste composition, individual composting of biodegradable waste or recyclable waste from households for a more proper assessment of waste disposed. Usually household waste is disposed in various sites according to local geographical context such as open dumps on local roadsides, forest areas or on riverbanks. The indicators were calculated for each commune from the county that did not have access to sanitation services. Processed data were mapped, thematic maps outlining regional disparities existing between communes from county. Comparative analysis of the years 2003 (pre-accession period) and 2010 (post-accession) highlights the changes and difficulties to provide waste management facilities in rural territory.
The Effects of Mineral and Organic Fertilizers on
Authors: ȘANDOR Mignon , OPRUÅ¢A Cristina
Published: December 2021

Soil respiration is the production of carbon dioxide from soil as a result of soil organism metabolic processes. One of the most important sources of COÂ 2 emission is from agricultural fields. Agricultural practices can influence soil organic carbon inputs and outputs being determinant for COÂ 2 emission. We studied the effects of mineral and organic fertilization on COÂ 2 emission in a potato field. During the growing season (April - October) the soil respiration was measured with a closed dynamic chamber in a field experiment where 100 kg of nitrogen was applied as mineral and organic fertilizers. The average COÂ 2 fluxes did not registered significant differences between treatments, mean estimated values were of 4.8 g/mÂ 2/h in control treatment, 4.63 g/m2/h in organically fertilized soil and 4.2 g/mÂ 2/h in mineral fertilized soil. The highest soil CO2 emission was measured during summer, while similar values of soil respiration were observed in spring and autumn.
Influence of Fertilizations upon the Intensity of Microsphaera abbreviata Attack in Oak
Authors: MAN Sabin-Rareș , OROIAN Ioan , ODAGIU Antonia , MAN Adriana , BRAȘOVEAN Ioan
Published: December 2021

In Romania on average over 20000 ha of oak forests are affected byÂ Microsphaera abbreviata.Â Â More than that oak seedlings are susceptible to the leaf fungus. The aim of the present paper is to determine the influence of different types of fertilization over theÂ Microsphaera abbreviata attack intensity on a basis of a two year research in a Transylvanian forestry nursery. The experiment was designed to examine the influence of 16 types of variable levels of fertilization (N, P, K and manure) compared with the control variant in terms of fungus attack. Application of fertilizers in the experimental years did not lead to identical patterns; however some conclusions can be drawn.
Disease Risk Assessment in Potato Cultures
Authors: FLEȘERIU Andrei , OROIAN Ioan , BRAȘOVEAN Ioan , MIHAI - OROIAN Constantin , BORDEA Daniela
Published: December 2021

The aim of our study was to elaborate a system of risk analyse againstÂ Phytophtora infestansÂ Â (Mont) de Bary attack degree in potato, in connection with climatic factors, in Transylvanian Plane. The risk assessment for potato late blight attack was conducted in tree experimental points located in the counties of Transylvanian Plane: Alba, Cluj, and Mureș. The data were statistically processed using STATISTICA v. 7.0 programme. The analyse of phytosanitary risk assessment consisted in three stages: initiation of the risk assessment, evaluation of the risk analyse, and risk management. Initiation of the risk assessment and evaluation of the ris analyses were performed. The risk management againstÂ Phytophtora infestans (Mont) de Bary attack degree in potato initiated involves treatment strategies, using environmentally friendly products, combined to culture appropriate works and strategies, as culture rotations, disinfestations of equipments, and appropriate storage of tubers used for seeding.
Differentiated Fertilization Technologies in Nurseries for Common Oak Culture
Authors: MAN Sabin RareÅŸ , Oroian Ioan Gheorghe , MAN Adriana , OPREA Vlad
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present paper is to present different fertilization technologies applied in a common oak nursery and their results regarding the growth vigor assessed using the tree diameters. The present research concluded that the growth and nutrient supply response of juveniles is positive regardless the type of fertilization complex.
The Role of Entrepreneurial Universities in Economic Development Through Innovation and Technology Transfer
Authors: BORȘA Andrei , MUSTE Sevastița , TOFANÄ‚ Maria , MUREȘAN (CERBU) Andruța Elena , MUREȘAN Vlad , SCROB Stancuța Alexandrina , FARCAȘ Anca Corina
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the potential role of the Entrepreneurial Universities in the national economic growth. The entrepreneurial universities integrate economic development as a function of teaching and research further. By focusing their research on the economic needs of the society, the results can be immediately exploited in the form of products and services. By including entrepreneurship guidance in their program, the research can be transformed into new enterprises such as start-ups and spin-offs, thus creating new jobs.
Evaluation of the Phenolic Content in the Buds of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc.
Authors: LAZURCA Mădălina , LAZURCA Dumitru , FETEA Florinela , RANGA Floricuta , SOCACIU Carmen
Published: December 2021

Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc. (Japanese knotweed)Â  is considered an invasive plant in several countries in Europe, whilst being used in the Traditional Chinese Medicine for various inflammatory diseases, hepatitis, tumors, diarrhea, suppurative dermatitis, gonorrhea, hyperlipidemia, favus athleteâ€™s foot, osteomyelitis. The present study is focused on the characterization of different extracts of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc.Â  buds, by determination of the influence of different solvents on the extraction yield, the phenolic content and their antioxidant capacity. The solvents used were ethanol, propylene glycol, methanol, acid water and alkaline water, in different combinations. The UV-Vis spectra were recorded and the total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, comparing the extraction yields with the total phenolic contents. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The extracts analyzed had total phenolic values fromÂ  1048 mg/100g to 1426 mg/100g fresh buds, expressed as gallic acid equivalents, the highest extraction index being 96.3, in good agreement with the antioxidant capacity. These data suggest that Polygonum cupidatumÂ  Sieb.et Zucc. buds could be a rich source of natural antioxidants and a good candidate as an ingredient in functional food, cosmetics and drugs for the prevention ofÂ  the negative effects of oxidative stress on humans.
Evaluation of Some Factors with Significant Influence on Functionality and Viability of Probiotic Strains LA-5 Â® and L. Casei 431 Â® in Multiple Starter Cultures in Mesophilic Fermented Milk
Authors: PARASCHIV Daniela , VASILE Aida
Published: December 2021

Abstract.Â  For a very long time, probiotics have been selected on the basis of their suitability to foodâ€™s environment and technological procedures, as well as survival ability in vitro and also in vivo. These criteria are still used. The aim of this study was to select, using the Plakett-Burman design of experiments model, of three significant factors, which influence the multiplication ability and viability of probiotic strains Lactobacillus acidophilus (commercial code LA-5Â®) and Lactobacillus casei subsp. paracasei (commercial code L. casei 431Â®) in fermented mesophilic milk product (commercial named Sana) obtained by fermentation with a multiple culture with mesophilic lactic starter Flora Danica Chr. Hansen commercial starters (Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris). By statistical analysis the most important factors (independent variables)Â  with influence on the probiotic bacteria were selected for the optimized. These are the temperature of fermentation; the ratio between probiotic strains and Flora Danica and the addition of prebiotic Fagopyrum esculentum flour. In the future experiments the optimum values of these parameters will be optimized by using response surface methodology, in order to establish the conditions in which can be obtain the mesophilic fermented milk products with probiotic action in vivo.Â
Researches Concerning the Dynamics of some Physical-Chemical Modifications in First Quality Beef during the Salting and Tendering Process
Authors: SÄ‚LÄ‚GEAN Claudiu Dan , Å¢IBULCÄ‚ Dorin
Published: December 2021

Twenty-five samples of beef semi-manufactured products (minced and salted beef, in different stages of tendering process) used in the manufacturing process of some meat products in casings have been organoleptical and physical-chemical examined. During the salting and tendering process a pH increase can be noticed, total and protein nitrogen decreases proportionally with the proteolytic degree, respectively, the degree of ageing of meat.The quantity of water and nitrites decreases while the salt content increases proportionally with the water content decrease.These values limit the period of the tendering process at maximum 72 hours, the optimum period being considered at 48 hours, at the storage conditions: +2â€¦+4 Celsius degrees.
Rheological Evaluation of Some Laboratory Mills
Authors: VIZITIU Daniel , OGNEAN Mihai , DANCIU Ioan
Published: December 2021

The dough rheology is one of the most important aspect in bread making so it is very important to accurate evaluate the wheat potential for breadmaking by rheological test. The wheat must be milled for testing; the mill used influence the relevancy of wheat tests. The objective of this study is to evaluate the rheological properties of flour obtained by grinding ten samples of wheat in three of the most common laboratory mills (Perten 120, Quadromat Jr. and Chopin CD1). The rheological behaviours of the wheat flours obtained in laboratory were compared with those of flours obtained in industrial mill. The rheological measurements were performed using the Alveograph, Farinograph and Mixolab. Significant correlations were established between the rheological evaluations of industrial and laboratory flour. We may conclude that the wheat milling obtained with laboratory mill Perten 120 correlated well with industrial flour for most of the rheological measurements. The Pearson correlation coefficient varied between 0.42 and 0.93 for test ran on Alveograph and Farinograph and between 0.19 and 0.9 for Mixolab testing.Â Â
Identification of the Mineral Components and Metal Contaminants in Some Varieties of Bottled Beer
Authors: GORAN Gheorghe Valentin , CRIVINEANU Victor , TUDOREANU Liliana , IORDACHE Roxana
Published: December 2021

Several varieties of bottled beer were bought from Bucharest's markets and analyzed by ICP-OES.Â  Al, Be, Cd, Co, Ga, Ni, Pb and Se were not detected. The highest total concentrations were found for K, Mg, and Ca; however the samples contained medium Na total concentrations and low total Fe concentrations. The results suggest that beer is an important source of potassium and has nutritional value. No significant differences of the analyzed minerals were found between groups for the same beer variety or between beer varieties. Traces of potentially toxic metals such as Sr and Zn were also identified in the beer samples. The study of Sr and Zn in beverages should be further developed due to their potential chronic toxicity and because of their ability to accumulate in organs after constant prolonged beer consumption.
Superior Esters of Dicyclopentadiene used as Aromatization Ingredients
Authors: JIANU Călin , COCAN Ileana , STOIN Daniela , JIANU Ionel
Published: December 2021

C5 fraction separated from natural gases or processed by catalytic cracking contains variable quantities of cyclopentadiene. The mixture of isomers of the unsaturated pentacycle also takes part in the addition reaction of certain organic acids. The present paper aims at extending the series of addition processes to the double link C2-C3 and at accessing the isolated superior acids by extractions from coriander seeds [CC16(0 âˆ†) 2,7%; C18(1 âˆ†) 83,00%; C(2 âˆ†) 13,40%] in order to obtain new aromatic ingredients
The Evolution of Free Fatty Acids during Ripening of a Semi-hard Cheese Assortment with Enzyme Admixture
Authors: JIMBOREAN Mirela , Å¢IBULCÄ‚ Dorin , PÄ‚UCEAN Adriana , S Ä‚LÄ‚GEAN Claudiu Dan
Published: December 2021

The transformations of cheese components during ripening, especially the evolution of free fatty acids were studied using the gas-chromatographic method. The proteolitic and lypolitic enzymes were added in semi-hard cheese assortment for cheese quality improvment. Three types of semi-hard cheese were taken into study: blank (M), cheese with lypolitic enzymes (Bl) and cheese with proteolytic enzymes (Bp). Samples from these cheeses were collected at three different moment of times: at obtaining, at 25 day of ripening and at 50 day of ripening. The content of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was determined for each sample.
Identification of the Mineral and Metal Contaminants in some Varieties of Red Wines
Authors: TUDOREANU Liliana , GORAN Gheorghe Valentin , CRIVINEANU Victor , NICULAE Alexandra Gabriela
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Samples of Cabernet Sauvignon red wine - from two vineyard areas in Moldova and one in Dobrogea - were bought from local markets and analyzed using ICP-OES. Trace concentrations of Al, Sr and Zn were identified. The lowest concentrations were found in Vrancea wines from the year 2003 and the highest concentrations were found for the Vaslui wines from the year 2007. Potassium concentrations depended strongly on the wine variety and the year of harvest, while iron and sodium concentrations had low variations. All mineral concentrations were below the maximum allowed level stipulated by the "Law on Vine and Wine." One single sample exceeded the maximum allowed sodium concentration by 3 mg L-1.
Comparative analysis of strategic and tactical decisions in agriculture under the IAS 41 Standard
Authors: CREÅ¢U Romeo CÄƒtÄƒlin , CREÅ¢U Raluca Florentina , MUSCÄ‚NESCU Alexandra
Published: December 2021

The International Accounting Standard 41 (IAS 41) provides information about agricultural activity respectively biological assets and agricultural produce at harvest. In this paper we propose to achieve a brief comparative analysis of strategic and tactical decisions that must be considered when applying the IAS 41.
The Role of Amino Acids for the In Vitro Culture of Some Species of Forage Legumes I. Trifolium pratense L
Authors: VICAȘ Gabriela Maria , SAVATTI Mircea
Published: December 2021

Establishing the effect of the amino acids as additional additives to the culture medium is and will be in the future one of our concerns of interest for the in vitro culture of some plants. The present study examines the effect of the glicocol added to the LS basal medium over the embryos of the Trifolium pratense L specie cultivated in vitro. There were followed: the percentage of plant regeneration of the red clover, its multiplication capacity and the formation of the root system, and also the evolution of the callus obtained on mediums with 2,4D, BA and amino acid.
Identification of Heterotic Pairs by Full-Sib Reciprocal Recurrent Selection in Maize Synthetic Populations on Turda CompositeA(B)(2) x Turda CompositeB(A)(2)
Authors: ONA Andreea Daniela , HAÈ˜ Ioan , ILARIE Ivan , HAÈ˜ Voichița , TRITEAN Nicolae , COPá‚NDEAN Ana
Published: December 2021

In the last 40 years, pre-breeding works induced, in more and more centers of maize breeding, full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection programmes to identify some heterotic pairs which can be sources for obtaining performance inbred lines. The aim is to identify the heterotic pairs with the best results according to the yield potential of maize, the breaking and falling resistance, and the grains moisture at the harvesting time. The creation programme of A and B composite population started at ARDS Turda in 1985. Inside of A composite came the next inbred lines: B73, A632, M117, TC209, T291, being from the B SSS heterotic group, and inside of B composite came the inbred lines Mo17, C103, TC 208, T248, W633, appreciated by us or being related to Lancaster Sure Crop heterotic group. The experimentation was done in two orientation comparative cultures, each one with 49 variants, in 4 repetitions; the comparative culture was a balanced quadratic grid of 7x7 type. From each culture were chosen the first six variants, which were evaluated according to the next characters: production potential, breaking and falling resistance, grains moisture at harvest. The presented results are a part from the second cycle of full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection. Test crosses and self-pollinations were made on plants from the two composites which had two cobs; on the first cob from A Composite realised the cross with the corresponding plant from the B Composite, and from the plant panicle of the B Composite was collected pollen to pollinate the chosen plant from the A Composite. At the both plants from the crossing, the second cob was self-pollinated and kept in reserve until 2010, when the test crosses was experimented and were selected the pairs with the best results according to the above characters. Using the full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection, we can successfully harnessing, simultaneously, the additive and non-additive gene effects.
Study Regarding Lead Pollution Level.A Case Study - Cluj Contry
Authors: IVAN Ilarie , MURESAN Liana , DEAC Teodora
Published: December 2021

AmbientÂ  airÂ  quality inÂ  ClujÂ  County isÂ  determinedÂ  by theÂ  numberÂ  of pollutants,Â  including heavy metals represented by As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Se, Zn and especially Pb, especially due to the relativelyÂ  large quantities found inÂ  theÂ  environment.Â  Lead canâ€™tÂ  be degraded naturally,Â  affecting the environment and human health, including the accumulation in the food chain. The amount of lead in theÂ  ambientÂ  air canÂ  beÂ  determined theoretically fromÂ  theÂ  emissionÂ  inventories andÂ  inÂ  practice by laboratoryÂ  processingÂ  ofÂ  the filters that particulateÂ  matter sampling wasÂ  performed, followedÂ  byÂ  the mineralization of samples andÂ  theÂ  determination ofÂ  heavyÂ  metals by atomicÂ  absorption spectrometry (AAS). AllÂ  theÂ  data inÂ  this articleÂ  was obtainedÂ  from activitiesÂ  carriedÂ  out inÂ  collaboration with the RegionalÂ  Agency forÂ  EnvironmentalÂ  Protection Cluj-Napoca. AirÂ  QualityÂ  in ClujÂ  County hasÂ  been monitoredÂ  between 2007Â  andÂ  2011 by determiningÂ  theÂ  concentration of Pb inÂ  particulateÂ  matter (PM10), determined gravimetricallyÂ  with automaticÂ  monitoring stations forÂ  airÂ  quality. Emissions inventory conducted inÂ  collaborationÂ  with RegionalÂ  Agency forÂ  EnvironmentalÂ  Protection Cluj - Napoca showedÂ  that Pb emissions dropped significantly in recentÂ  years, inÂ  ClujÂ  county. TheÂ  paper concludesÂ  with recommendationsÂ  to localÂ  government toÂ  reduce pollution inÂ  generalÂ  and leadÂ  in particular.
The Strategy of Waste Management Resulting from Military Activities
Authors: BRAȘOVEAN Ioan , OROIAN Ioan , ODAGIU Antonia , BALINT Claudia
Published: December 2021

MilitaryÂ  activitiesÂ  oftenÂ  haveÂ  aÂ  varietyÂ  ofÂ  negativeÂ  impactsÂ  onÂ  theÂ  environmentÂ  inÂ  which they occur. Environmental breaches of military activities can be a threat to the welfare and habitats. AuthoritiesÂ  responsibilityÂ  isÂ  inÂ  theÂ  protectionÂ  ofÂ  theÂ  physicalÂ  andÂ  naturalÂ  environments,Â  whereÂ  they carry out operations and training. MilitaryÂ  trainingÂ  canÂ  affectÂ  theÂ  biodiversityÂ  startingÂ  fromÂ  theÂ  flora,Â  birdsÂ  andÂ  insectsÂ  to marineÂ  lifeÂ  andÂ  marineÂ  mammals. ThroughÂ  researchesÂ  andÂ  newÂ  technologies,Â  togetherÂ  withÂ  the standardization of procedures and training, the authorities is working to improve the protection of the environment and the nature where it operates (Malis Sazdovska, 2011) . Measures taken are in the direction of protection from hazardous substances (including fuel andÂ  oil),Â  wasteÂ  waterÂ  treatment,Â  wasteÂ  management,Â  reductionÂ  ofÂ  theÂ  consumptionÂ  ofÂ  fossilÂ  fuel energy, and application of environmental management systems during military activities.IncreasingÂ  ofÂ  demandÂ  fromÂ  environmentalÂ  legislationÂ  andÂ  publicÂ  opinionÂ  haveÂ  transformed militaries activities, employees and facilities of Armed Forces all over the world. It became necessary toÂ  implementÂ  anÂ  EnvironmentalÂ  ManagementÂ  SystemÂ  (EMS)Â  toÂ  guideÂ  peopleÂ  howÂ  toÂ  participateÂ  on thoseÂ  activitiesÂ  evenÂ  duringÂ  peaceÂ  orÂ  warÂ  times.Â  Itâ€™sÂ  aÂ  commonÂ  threatÂ  amongÂ  allÂ  theÂ  armiesÂ  that military planning documents nowadays have to consider the risks of damaging the environment which can be caused by military operations. This has led to a progressive updated of environmental military legislation in order to be in according to Federal Environmental Laws in each country. MilitaryÂ  operationsÂ  andÂ  trainingÂ  activities canÂ  haveÂ  negativeÂ  impactsÂ  onÂ  ecosystemsÂ  dueÂ  to theÂ  natureÂ  ofÂ  theÂ  landÂ  useÂ  oftenÂ  resultÂ  fromÂ  damageÂ  toÂ  vegetation,Â  diggingÂ  activities,Â  andÂ  soil disturbanceÂ  fromÂ  heavyÂ  troopÂ  traffic.Â  SoilÂ  disturbanceÂ  andÂ  associatedÂ  erosionÂ  andÂ  sedimentation problemsÂ  canÂ  furtherÂ  aggravateÂ  theÂ  ecologicalÂ  impactsÂ  ofÂ  militaryÂ  landÂ  useÂ  onÂ  theÂ  ecosystems.Â  The militaryâ€™s essential mission is to win the war through the application of combat power warfare, which is destructive to the environment. This damage is a consequence of combat. However, it is necessary to restrict the application of force. TheÂ  actionsÂ  mustÂ  conformÂ  toÂ  theÂ  lawÂ  ofÂ  landÂ  warfare,Â  thoseÂ  establishedÂ  orÂ  not conventionsÂ  andÂ  agreementsÂ  thatÂ  protectÂ  ecosystemsÂ  againstÂ  dispensableÂ  sufferingÂ  and facilitate the restoration of peace (de Oliveira, 2012)
Considerations upon the Implications of European Union Legislations Concerning the Environmental Policy and Agricultural Productivity
Authors: PAULIUC Sânziana , OROIAN Ioan , ODAGIU Antonia , TODEA Alexandru
Published: December 2021

On both national and European Union levels, a constant interest concerning the reflection of environmental quality on agricultural production is developing. This paper aims to approach from conceptual point of view the instruments of the EU legislation, used for improving the opportunities of theÂ  EU nationalÂ  governmentsÂ  to improveÂ  theÂ  environmentalÂ  quality. TheÂ  researchÂ  was carriedÂ  on basedÂ  onÂ  referencesÂ  fromÂ  lastÂ  fiveÂ  years,Â  usingÂ  asÂ  mainÂ  sourceÂ  theÂ  internationalÂ  databases.Â  The internationalÂ  environmentalÂ  conventions,Â  concerningÂ  horizontalÂ  factorsÂ  namely,Â  areÂ  treated. TheÂ  EU policies,Â  basedÂ  onÂ  theÂ  principlesÂ  ofÂ  environmentalÂ  internationalÂ  conventions, aimingÂ  toÂ  reduceÂ  the effectsÂ  ofÂ  theÂ  impactÂ  producedÂ  byÂ  theÂ  environmentalÂ  pollutionÂ  agentsÂ  mustÂ  copeÂ  toÂ  the statusÂ  quo producedÂ  byÂ  theÂ  necessityÂ  ofÂ  reconciliationÂ  betweenÂ  twoÂ  essentialÂ  objectives,Â  butÂ  apparentlyÂ  in contradiction:Â  supplyingÂ  environmentalÂ  protectionÂ  andÂ  inÂ  theÂ  meanÂ  time,Â  supplyingÂ  theÂ  agricultural efficiency.Â  InÂ  orderÂ  toÂ  implementÂ  thisÂ  desiderate,Â  theÂ  normativeÂ  principlesÂ  thatÂ  fundamentÂ  these policiesÂ  areÂ  focusedÂ  onÂ  twoÂ  centralÂ  points:Â  correctÂ  repartitionÂ  ofÂ  duties,Â  andÂ  increasingÂ  the responsibilitiesÂ  ofÂ  theÂ  agentsÂ  involvedÂ  inÂ  implementationsÂ  ofÂ  foreseenÂ  practices.Â  However,Â  the efficientÂ  implementationÂ  ofÂ  presentÂ  EUÂ  environmentalÂ  policies,Â  atÂ  instrumentsÂ  andÂ  principles levels, continuesÂ  toÂ  beÂ  aÂ  challengeÂ  forÂ  theÂ  stakeholders.Â  InÂ  thisÂ  respect,Â  threeÂ  concurrentÂ  conceptsÂ  areÂ  in discussions. InÂ  orderÂ  toÂ  obtainÂ  efficientÂ  legislativeÂ  patternsÂ  inÂ  theÂ  fieldÂ  ofÂ  environmentalÂ  policies meantÂ  toÂ  contributeÂ  toÂ  theÂ  increasingÂ  ofÂ  theÂ  agriculturalÂ  healthyÂ  outputs,Â  itÂ  isÂ  importantÂ  toÂ  consider four components: existence of collaboration group at national leadership levels, conjugated actions at communitarianÂ  level,Â  increasingÂ  environmentalÂ  consciousnessÂ  ofÂ  publicÂ  opinion,Â  and trans-frontier mobilization.
Extensive Land Use Systemsandtheir Significancefor Safeguarding European Cultural and Ecological Heritageinthe Prospectofthe 2014 EU Cap Reform
Authors: LUICK Rainer
Published: December 2021

It is widely acknowledged that agricultural ecosystems of high ecological value (also called HNV- high nature value farmland) form a central pillar of European biodiversity and also contribute significantly to desirable ecosystem services. There are legal targets set as e.g. the commitments of the CBD agreement, the EU biodiversity strategy and, most important, in the EU Habitats directive. The maintenance of species-rich grassland and other such agricultural ecosystems is of vital importance for the accomplishment of mandatory conservation and biodiversity objectives. As well as all negative impacts on the extent of these habitats they also affect their ecological quality and have major policy consequences.The current status of decision-making on the new CAP as well as the discussion of consequences for the ecological heritage ofour cultural landscapes is presented.
Research on the Influence of Organic Fertilizing and Mulching on Productivity and Phytodiversity on Oligotrophic Grasslands
Authors: BALáZSI Ãgnes , ROTAR Ioan , PÄ‚CURAR Florin , VIDICAN Roxana , BOGDAN Anca
Published: December 2021

Organic fertilizers have an influence on the floristic composition of grasslands. Fertilizing with manure favours the phytodiversity of grasslands. The objective of the study was to follow the influence of mulching and organic fertilizing in small quantities and at various time intervals upon dry matter yield and phytodiversity of Agrostis capillaris L. - Festuca rubra L. grassland type in the Apuseni Mountains. Seven treatmentsÂ  ( controlÂ  ( mowed 1/year ) ; mulch 1/year; mulch 1/year + 5 t/ha manure /year; mulch 1/year + 5 t/ha manure/2 years; mulch 1/year + 10 t/ha manure/2 years; mulch 1/year + 10 t/ha manure/3 years; abandonment )Â  were evaluated experimentally. Organic fertilizing in low quantities could be a way to maintain the floristic diversity of oligotrophic grasslands in Apuseni Mountains.
The Perspective of Cultivation and Utilization of the Species Silphium Perfoliatum L. and Helianthus Tuberosus L. in Moldova
Authors: Å¢áŽÅ¢EI Victor , TELEUÅ¢Ä‚ Alexandru , MUNTEAN Alexandru
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The species of Asteraceae family, sylph or cap plant, Silphium perfoliatum, cv.Vital and Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus, cv. Solar from the collection of nontraditional fodder plants, Botanical GardenÂ  ( Institute )Â  of Academy of Sciences of Moldova, as study objects. The annual productivity of S. perfoliatum, cv.Vital was 14.28 kg/m2 of fresh mass and 2.41 kg/m2 of dry matter, H. tuberosus, cv. Solar - 16.3 kg/ m2 or 4.0 kg/ m2 respectively. Chemical composition absolutely dry substances of S. perfoliatum, cv.Vital: 15.94% raw protein, 3.25% raw fats, 29.96% raw cellulose, 165.17 mg/kg carotene and H. tuberosus, cv. Solar 9.32% raw protein, 1.93% raw fats, 21.29% raw cellulose, 8.75% mineral substances, 58.71% non-nitrogenous extractive substances it was established in the first harvesting. Stems of these species in autumn-winter accelerated release the humidity, are resistant to lodging, does not demand sophisticated equipment at harvesting, and can be harnessed for solid biofuel production; caloric capacity of the plant of S. perfoliatum reach 18.3 MJ/kg, and at the H. tuberosus - 18.7 MJ/kg.
Development of Software Application for the Assessment of Agricultural Traffic
Authors: MOLNAR Adrian , DROCAȘ Ioan , RANTA Ovidiu , STÄ‚NILÄ‚ Sorin
Published: December 2021

The compaction of agricultural soils is a serious problem in the agricultural community due to itâ€™s proven negative effects that can be seen as a form of land degradation. Due to agricultural traffic, applied stresses are transmitted to deeper depths and may alter physical, chemical and biological properties of soils. This paper outlines the structure of a computer application for the assessment of in field agricultural traffic, which is developed as a module within a program for soil compaction control that can be also used as a standalone application that can be installed on any PC or mobile device. The proposed computer application is designed to be used not only as a standalone application but also build in an application for soil compaction assessment. The application is a result of extensive literature and experimental research activities, so it uses proper input parameters data available literature and personal research data gathered by authors of this paper. Following the available studies are defined the input parameters, the general layout of the software application is showed and described, the general structure is analysed and the output data is mentioned. In this paper we designed a software application for agricultural traffic assessment, developed to be as a useful tool not only for in field traffic management but also for soil compaction management on long term, that can be used on small or large farms so the user will have a clear status of the traffic on the field.
Combining Ability for Kernel Starch Content in Maize Synthetic Populations Obtained from Local Populations
Authors: MUNTEAN Leon , TRITEAN Nicolae , HAS Ioan , HAS Voichita , GULEA Alin
Published: December 2021

Synthetic populations of maize (Zea mays L) are low-cost and stable varieties, obtained by cross pollination of a group of inbred lines, local population or hybrids. The main advantage of these populations is that the heterosis does not diminish significantly in F2. In order to complete the research on the combining ability of maize synthetic populations, the objective of this work was to study seven maize synthetic populations, determining their general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for kernel starch content, as well as their potential as source populations in breeding programmes.To achieve the proposed objectives, we studied top cross hybrids of the type â€œinbred line x synthetic populationâ€ resulted from the crossing between seven synthetic maize populations and four early inbred lines used as tester. For all experimental conditions, the differences between genotypes were statistically assured for kernel starch content. The experimental years and testing locations have provided conditions for differentiation of genotypes for starch content and interactions between the environment and genotypes were statistically significant, indicating dependence of starch content on environmental conditions. The additive effects for starch content provided by GCA were high for Tu SRR 5DR(6I)(5) and Tu SRR 5D (2I)(2). Non additive effects, corresponding to SCA were high for the following hybrid combinations: TC 233 x TuSyn 1 (3), CO 255 x Tu SRR 5D (2I)(2) and TC 209 x Tu SRR 5DR(6I)(5). In the case of synthetic maize populations, the determinism of starch is influenced equally by GCA and SCA.
The Monitoring of Bark Integrity from Phytosanitary Point of View on Plum Trees Plantations in Reghin Area
Authors: BEREKMERI Valentin , PUIA Carmen
Published: December 2021

A special importance in long developing of plum is the health of the primary elements of stem and main branches structure. The bark injuries (wounds) may be of mechanical or pathological origin or a combination between these. Monitoring consisted in investigating a great number of affected trees from Reghin area, the number of injuries that damage them and type of injuries: lesions without Stereum purpureum and Phellinus ignarius infection or lesions infected with these fungi; lesions with or without callus. The observed cultivars were commonly found in the Reghin area: de Bistrita, Stanley, Anna Spath and Silvia. In the present paper, we can say that in all four plantations the highest percentage of lesions observed were without infection but from the infected wounds Stereum purpureum was the most encountered fungus.
The Influence of Fertilization upon the Powdered Mildew (Microsphaera Abbreviata) Attack Degree in Durmast Seedlings
Authors: OROIAN Ioan , COVRIG Ilie , ODAGIU Antonia , MIHAI-OROIAN Constantin , BURDUHOS Petru
Published: December 2021

Concerning the management of durmast seedlings cultures in nurseries, the main methodology applied for enhancing their development and resistance against diseases, relies on the following issues: irrigation, high biological value seedlings, mechanization, disease fight specific chemicals, and, at last but not at least, an appropriate fertilization. The aim of this paper is to identify of the most efficient fertilizing option, in order to form an important variable for increasing the resistance to the powdery mildew attack. The trial was carried on during experimental year 2009 in a durmast nursery from Transylvanian Plain. During vegetation period, the attack degree of Microsphaera abbreviate was recorded. A monofactorial design was put into practice, using 3 variants. Basic statistic and correlations were calculated using STATISTICA v. 7.0. The biggest attach degree of Microsphaera abbreviata on durmast seedlings was recorded in the variant where fertilization was performed with maximum mineral fertilizer dose, N80P80K80 (6.31%), respectively, followed by attack degrees recorded for other mineral fertilizer doses N60P60K60 (5.54%) and N40P40 is classified on the 5th place. Our trial shows that N80P80K80 with poultry manure is the fertilization solution, which confers to durmast seedlings the biggest resistance against the attack degree of Microsphaera abbreviata mushroom.
Movimento da taxa de lucro e mundialização do capital: a exportação do capital-produtivo na dinâmica da valorização imperfeita
Authors: Rodrigues Lucas , Herrlein Jr. Ronaldo
Published: December 2021

Resumo Este artigo explora a relação entre a dinâmica da lucratividade e o processo de exportação de capital, especialmente do capital-produtivo na forma de investimento estrangeiro direto. Essa tarefa é realizada em seus aspectos teóricos e empíricos. Retomam-se principalmente os estudos de Henryk Grossman, que, partindo de Marx, expõe o movimento de expansão internacional do capital como saída para o capital ocioso que se forma com a queda na taxa de lucro. Argumenta-se que apesar de a formação do mercado mundial estar contida na própria lógica do capital, sua manifestação mais recente esteve intimamente ligada aos problemas de lucratividade, em especial nos países de capitalismo avançado. Para esse movimento, a formação de capital ocioso é compreendida como elemento ainda mais fundamental do que os diferenciais internacionais de lucratividade. A análise empírica é realizada para os Estados Unidos, tanto pela maior disponibilidade de dados quanto pela sua posição na economia mundial.
Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on construction organisations in India: a case study
Authors: Prasad Kudrekodlu Venkatesh , Bhat Nikhil
Published: December 2021

The construction sector in India employs nearly 60 million people, so the unprecedented 2 month lockdown to slow the spread of Covid-19 in 2020 had devastating economic and social effects. The reduced demand for projects slowed demand for downstream industries, increased labour migration to villages and reduced logistics support for supplies and resources. This paper reports on the challenges experienced by one of India’s leading construction organisations on a major metro contract in Mumbai. It describes the impact of the pandemic on project delivery, including time, cost and supply chain issues, and discusses the mitigation strategies adopted.
Effectiveness and safety of perampanel in Chinese paediatric patients (2‐14 years) with refractory epilepsy: a retrospective, observational study
Authors: Qu Rui , Dai Yuanyuan , Chen Xuqin , Li Rui , Liu Min , Zhu Yali
Published: December 2021

Objective. We report our clinical experience of the effectiveness and tolerability of adjunctive perampanel treatment in a Chinese paediatric population with refractory epilepsy. We also compare the effectiveness and tolerability of perampanel with or without concomitant oxcarbazepine or levetiracetam.

Methods. This retrospective observational study was conducted from September 2019 to September 2020 in the paediatric neurology clinics of two tertiary hospitals in the Chinese mainland. We reviewed the data obtained from 96 paediatric patients aged 2‐14 years whose seizures were pharmacoresistant and who could be followed up for a minimum of six months. The effectiveness was estimated by the perampanel response rate at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up evaluations. Adverse events were also recorded. Patients were stratified by age (2‐7 and 7‐14 years), and with/without concomitant oxcarbazepine or levetiracetam.

Results. The population comprised 96 patients with refractory epilepsy. The retention rate was 84.4% and 81.0% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The most common dose used was 4 mg (48.5%). Corresponding 50% responder and seizure freedom rates were as follows: 46.9% and 20.8% at six months, and 51.2% and 27.4% at 12 months, respectively. Adverse effects were reported in 22 patients (22.9%). The most common adverse effects were irritability, somnolence, and dizziness. The 50% and 100% responder rates and adverse effects were greater in patients aged 7‐14 years than in those aged 2‐7 years. The proportion of responder and seizure‐free rates and adverse effects were similar with or without oxcarbazepine. Perampanel was more effective in patients concomitantly treated with levetiracetam, however, this did not result in significantly more adverse events, including aggression.

Significance. The present study suggests that perampanel, with or without concomitant oxcarbazepine or levetiracetam, is generally safe, well‐tolerated, and efficacious in paediatric patients with uncontrolled epilepsy in a clinical setting.