bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Climate Change on Arctic Winter Cyclones
Authors: Zhang Minghong , Perrie William , Long Zhenxia
Published: December 2024

We simulated Arctic climate using a high‐resolution implementation of WRF driven by HadGEM‐ES2 climate model outputs, following IPCC5 warming scenarios RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The downscaled results indicate that, by the end‐of‐century, there are no significant changes in the average minimum central pressures or total number of winter Arctic cyclones. However, there are significant changes in the spatial patterns. For example, the frequency and vorticity of cyclones tend to increase over the western Arctic. Due to the poleward movement of the polar frontal zone and the increased low‐level tropospheric baroclinicity, more cyclones are expected to form within the Arctic Basin and migrate into the western‐central Arctic. We expect about 39% more cyclone tracks forming and dying in the Arctic Basin under RCP8.5, compared to present climate. On the other hand, with the reduced baroclinicity in the entire troposphere, there is a reduced genesis, frequency, and vorticity of cyclones over the Atlantic Arctic. Moreover, the depth of cyclones shows a robust decrease over the Arctic Basin, suggesting weakened eddy kinetic energy. With increasing greenhouse gases, the changes in cyclone vorticities and their depths tend to be stronger. In addition, the high resolution Polar WRF results demonstrate that changes in cyclone track density and intensities consistently become more pronounced with increasing radiative forcing.
Trends in Oceanic Precipitation Characteristics Inferred From Shipboard Present‐Weather Reports, 1950–2019
Authors: Tran Harrison , Petty Grant W.
Published: December 2024

Shipboard present‐weather reports from 1950 to 2019 are aggregated and composited yearly and seasonally on a grid to characterize the global climatology and apparent long‐term trends in the relative frequency of four categories of oceanic precipitation: drizzle, moderate, and heavy non‐drizzle, precipitation associated with thunderstorms and deep convection, and frozen‐phase precipitation. Although ship reports are susceptible to subjective interpretation, the inferred distributions of these phenomena are consistent with observations from other platforms such as satellites and coastal surface stations. These distributions highlight widespread 70‐year trends that are often consistent across both annual and seasonal frequencies, with statistical significance at 95% confidence. The relative frequency of ship‐reported drizzle has largely increased in the tropics annually and seasonally, with linear best‐fit relative increases by as much as 15% per decade. Decreased relative frequencies have been observed in parts of the subtropics and at higher latitudes. Heavier precipitation has encompassed a growing fraction of non‐drizzle precipitation reports over the subtropical North Pacific and Mediterranean. The relative frequency of thunderstorm reports has declined over the open Atlantic but show positive trends over the Mediterranean and the western Atlantic. The trends in relative frozen precipitation occurrence suggest a poleward retreat of areas receiving frozen precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere. Possible mechanisms for these ship‐observed trends are discussed and placed in the context of the modeled effects of climate change on global precipitation.
The Geomagnetic Storm Time Responses of the TEC, foF2, and hmF2 in Different Solar Activity During Solar Cycle 24 and 25
Authors: Tariku Yekoye Asmare
Published: December 2024

This paper mainly examines the response of variation of the TEC, foF2, and hmF2 obtained from observations (GPS and digisondes) and models (IRI 2016 and IRI‐Plas 2017) across low‐to‐high latitudes during various geomagnetic storm time conditions in different solar activity years. The 19 February 2014, 17 March 2015, and 4 November 2021 geomagnetic storm cases caused positive storm effects (particularly at low latitudes), while the 8 September 2017, and 26 August 2018 geomagnetic storm cases resulted in negative storm effects, especially at mid and high latitudes. Furthermore, during the 19 February 2014 storm, the sharp increase (peak) diurnal digisondes TEC values are observed, on average, when the hmF2 values reach about 360, 282, and 312 km, in the low, mid and high latitudes, respectively. During the 26 August 2018 storm, the peak TEC values are observed, on average, when the hmF2 values reach about 313, 258, and 268 km in the low, mid and high latitudes, respectively. Hence, the digisonde‐derived peak TEC in mid latitudes typically coincides with a decrease in hmF2, while in low latitudes, it is associated with an increase in hmF2. Additionally, during low solar activity periods, digisonde‐derived peak TEC values were observed when hmF2 decreased, contrasting with patterns seen during high solar activity. Both the IRI 2016 and IRI‐Plas 2017 models performed well, with the models peak TEC values being observed when the hmF2 variations attain similar values with the observations, reinforcing the models' reliability in capturing ionospheric responses during geomagnetic storms.
The molecular mechanisms of cardiac development and related diseases
Authors: Li Yingrui , Du Jianlin , Deng Songbai , Liu Bin , Jing Xiaodong , Yan Yuling , Liu Yajie , Wang Jing , Zhou Xiaobo , She Qiang
Published: December 2024

Cardiac development is a complex and intricate process involving numerous molecular signals and pathways. Researchers have explored cardiac development through a long journey, starting with early studies observing morphological changes and progressing to the exploration of molecular mechanisms using various molecular biology methods. Currently, advancements in stem cell technology and sequencing technology, such as the generation of human pluripotent stem cells and cardiac organoids, multi-omics sequencing, and artificial intelligence (AI) technology, have enabled researchers to understand the molecular mechanisms of cardiac development better. Many molecular signals regulate cardiac development, including various growth and transcription factors and signaling pathways, such as WNT signaling, retinoic acid signaling, and Notch signaling pathways. In addition, cilia, the extracellular matrix, epigenetic modifications, and hypoxia conditions also play important roles in cardiac development. These factors play crucial roles at one or even multiple stages of cardiac development. Recent studies have also identified roles for autophagy, metabolic transition, and macrophages in cardiac development. Deficiencies or abnormal expression of these factors can lead to various types of cardiac development abnormalities. Nowadays, congenital heart disease (CHD) management requires lifelong care, primarily involving surgical and pharmacological treatments. Advances in surgical techniques and the development of clinical genetic testing have enabled earlier diagnosis and treatment of CHD. However, these technologies still have significant limitations. The development of new technologies, such as sequencing and AI technologies, will help us better understand the molecular mechanisms of cardiac development and promote earlier prevention and treatment of CHD in the future.
The oncogenic potential of salivary microRNA-93 and microRNA-412-3p in oral lichen planus: a case-control study
Authors: ELHefny Moataz M. , Korien Inas A. , Rashwan Weam AM , Shaker Olfat G.
Published: December 2024

Background

Oral Lichen Planus is one of the most popular chronic mucocutaneous diseases. It is classified as potentially malignant lesions. Many microRNAs can be used as biological markers for the disease and for its malignant transformation. The aim of the study to measure the expression of microRNA-93 and microRNA-412-3p in Oral Lichen Planus patients, patients diagnosed as Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and healthy controls.

Methodology

A total of 60 patients were divided into 3 groups; each group contains 20 patients. Group I for Oral Lichen Planus patients, group II for healthy controls and group III for Oral Squamous cell carcinoma patients. All of these patients were chosen from those attending Kasr Al-Einy hospital, Cairo University. After full diagnosis and matching of our eligibility criteria, saliva sample was taken from each patient to measure the concentration of microRNA-93 and microRNA-412-3p.

Results

Both microRNA-93 and miceoRNA-412-3p were upregulated in Oral Squamous cell carcinoma patients than Oral Lichen patients than controls and both of them had great sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy for both Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusion

MicroRNA-93 and micriRNA-412-3p can be used as diagnostic markers and for the oncogenic potential of Oral Lichen Planus.
An efficient multi-gram access in a two-step synthesis to soluble, nine-atomic, silylated silicon clusters
Authors: Frankiewicz Kevin M. , Willeit Nicole S. , Hlukhyy Viktor , Fässler Thomas F.
Published: December 2024

Silicon is by far the most important semiconducting material. However, solution-based synthetic approaches for unsaturated silicon-rich molecules require less efficient multi-step syntheses. We report on a straightforward access to soluble, polyhedral Si9 clusters from the binary phase K12Si17, which contains both [Si4]4− and [Si9]4− clusters. [Si4]4− ions, characterised by a high charge per atom ratio, behave as strong reducing agents, preventing [Si9]4− from directed reactions. By the here reported separation of [Si4]4− by means of fractional crystallisation, Si9 clusters of the precursor phase K12Si17 are isolated as monoprotonated [Si9H]3− ions on a multi-gram scale and further crystallised as their 2.2.2-Cryptate salt. 20 grams of the product can be obtained through this two-step procedure - a new starting point for silicon Zintl chemistry, such as the isolation and structural characterisation of a trisilylated [MeHyp3Si9]− cluster.
A dataset exploring urban comfort through novel wearables and environmental surveys
Authors: Chwalek Patrick , Zhong Sailin , Perry Nathan , Liu Tianqi , Miller Clayton , Alavi Hamed Seiied , Lalanne Denis , Paradiso Joseph A.
Published: December 2024

This study presents a comprehensive dataset capturing indoor environmental parameters, physiological responses, and subjective perceptions across three global cities. Utilizing wearable sensors, including smart eyeglasses, and a modified Cozie app, environmental and physiological data were collected, along with pre-screening, onboarding, and recurring surveys. Peripheral cues facilitated participant engagement with micro-EMA surveys, minimizing disruption over a 5-day collection period. The dataset offers insights into urban comfort dynamics, highlighting the interplay between environmental conditions, physiological responses, and subjective perceptions. Researchers can utilize this dataset to deepen their understanding of indoor environmental quality and inform the design of healthier built environments. Access to this dataset can advance indoor environmental research and contribute to the creation of more comfortable and sustainable indoor spaces.
Increasing incidence of normal pressure hydrocephalus in Germany: an analysis of the Federal Statistical Office Database from 2005 to 2022
Authors: Thavarajasingam Santhosh G. , Salih Ahmed , Namireddy Srikar R. , Ringel Florian , Kramer Andreas
Published: December 2024

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a reversible cause of gait disturbances and dementia in the elderly, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In Germany, the epidemiology and surgical management of NPH are not well understood. This study aimed to characterise epidemiological trends and evaluate surgical management strategies for NPH in Germany. A retrospective nationwide population-based study of NPH cases in Germany from 2005 to 2022 was conducted using data from the German Federal Statistical Office. Parameters assessed included incidence trends, demographic characteristics, and surgical interventions. A total of 118,526 NPH diagnoses were recorded, with 29,662 surgical interventions. The population-adjusted incidence of NPH increased by 48%, from 5.4 to 8.0 cases per 100,000 individuals (p < 0.001), peaking in 2018. The largest increases were seen in the “80–89” age group, followed by the “70–79” and “90+” age groups. Surgical interventions increased by 8.4% (p < 0.001), with ventriculoperitoneal shunt being the predominant procedure. The study highlights a 48% rise in NPH incidence in Germany from 2005 to 2022, particularly affecting the elderly. There was also an increase in surgical interventions, underscoring the need for prioritising NPH in national healthcare research agendas.
Design, synthesis of some novel coumarins and their nanoformulations into lipid-chitosan nanocapsule as unique antimicrobial agents
Authors: Radwan Ibrahim Taha , El-Sherbiny Ibrahim M. , Selim Abdelfattah M. , Metwally Nadia Hanafy
Published: December 2024

Developing and creating novel antibiotics is one of the most important targets in treating infectious diseases. Novel coumarins were synthesized and characterized using different spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear magnetic resonance1H and 13C and mass spectroscopy (MS). All of the synthesized compounds have been tested for activity and sensitivity against the microbial strains of B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, and C. albicans. All compounds showed substantial results against the tested microbes except S. typhi, which was not affected in any way by these coumarins. Exceptional results were shown by compounds 4, 6d, and 8b, which made them the best candidates for loading to the vicinity of nanostructure lipid carrier and coated by chitosan nanocapsule (NLC-Cs). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) confirmed spherical morphology with particles size less than 500 nm. Also, dynamic light scattering (DLS) were utilized to measure the average particle size (between 100 and 200 nm) and the stability assessed by zeta potential were found to be more positive confirming the chitosan encapsulation. Antimicrobial activity assessments were performed for both synthetic compounds and their NLCs analogues. The nanoformulation of 4-NLC-Cs, 6d-NLC-Cs, and 8b-NLC-Cs manifested unique biological results, especially 8b-NLC-Cs, which revealed powerful effects over all the tested organisms including S. typhi. The increasing biological effect of the drugs in their nanoscale form is reflected in the increasing value of inhibition zone diameter and suppressing the value of MIC to reach record levels like 8b-NLC-Cs disclosed MIC = 0.48 and 0.24 µg/ml against S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively, by the mean 8b-NLC-Cs nanoformulation suppressed the MIC by 65 folds of its initial value before nano. In continuation, it was proven that the compounds 4, 6d and 8b were found to make noticeable changes on the DNA-Gyrase levels with reduced IC50 values particularly 8b showed excellent inhibitory effect with IC50 = 4.56 µM. TEM was used to pursue the morphological changes that occur in bacterial cells of P. aeruginosa. The weakness of the cell wall in most bacterial cells treated with nanomaterials, 8b-NLC-Cs, has reached the point of the cell wall rupture and the cell components spilling out of the cells causing necrotic cell death.
An enhanced classification system of various rice plant diseases based on multi-level handcrafted feature extraction technique
Authors: Alsakar Yasmin M. , Sakr Nehal A. , Elmogy Mohammed
Published: December 2024

The rice plant is one of the most significant crops in the world, and it suffers from various diseases. The traditional methods for rice disease detection are complex and time-consuming, mainly depending on the expert’s experience. The explosive growth in image processing, computer vision, and deep learning techniques provides effective and innovative agriculture solutions for automatically detecting and classifying these diseases. Moreover, more information can be extracted from the input images due to different feature extraction techniques. This paper proposes a new system for detecting and classifying rice plant leaf diseases by fusing different features, including color texture with Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and color features with Color Correlogram (CC). The proposed system consists of five stages. First, input images acquire RGB images of rice plants. Second, image preprocessing applies data augmentation to solve imbalanced problems, and logarithmic transformation enhancement to handle illumination problems has been applied. Third, the features extraction stage is responsible for extracting color features using CC and color texture features using multi-level multi-channel local binary pattern (MCLBP). Fourth, the feature fusion stage provides complementary and discriminative information by concatenating the two types of features. Finally, the rice image classification stage has been applied using a one-against-all support vector machine (SVM). The proposed system has been evaluated on three benchmark datasets with six classes: Blast (BL), Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB), Brown Spot (BS), Tungro (TU), Sheath Blight (SB), and Leaf Smut (LS) have been used. Rice Leaf Diseases First Dataset, Second Dataset, and Third Dataset achieved maximum accuracy of 99.53%, 99.4%, and 99.14%, respectively, with processing time from $$100(\pm 17)ms$$. Hence, the proposed system has achieved promising results compared to other state-of-the-art approaches.
The effect of an educational program on the knowledge and practices of diabetic patients regarding sharps waste disposal at home
Authors: Soliman Hossam Mohamed Hassan , El-Zoka Aleya Hanafy , Fetohy Ebtisam Mohamed , Hussein Mohamed Fakhry
Published: December 2024

The disposal of sharp waste generated at home by diabetic patients poses a major public health problem. This study evaluated an educational program designed to improve patients’ knowledge and practices around sharps disposal. A non-equivalent quasi-experimental study was performed at a main diabetic center in Egypt on 100 participants divided into intervention and non-intervention groups. The effect of the interventional program was tested by the evaluation of the improvement in participants’ knowledge and practice after two and four months of the program. Initially, there were no differences in knowledge or practice scores between the groups. After the implementation of the program, there was a noticeable difference in subjects’ knowledge levels and scores between the two groups, with the intervention group significantly outperforming the non-intervention group (p < 0.001). There was a significant improvement in overall practice scores in the intervention group across post-intervention visits, and they registered a score of 14/16, which matches a good practice level, while in the non-intervention group, the score remained unchanged at 4.4/16, which corresponds to a poor practice level (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that educational programs can effectively increase diabetic patients’ knowledge and improve their sharps waste disposal practices.

Clinical trial registration number: PACTR202310841894237. Date: 05 October 2023, “retrospectively registered”.
Research on efficient numerical simulation method for integration fracking with production in shale oil reservoir with multi-source data
Authors: Zhan Jie , Ding Xifeng , Liu Hai , Wang Kongjie , Wang Zhipeng , Guo Wenting , Nie Ren-Shi , Ma Xianlin , Zhang Zhenzihao
Published: December 2024

Horizontal well hydraulic fracturing technology has significantly enhanced the productivity of shale reservoirs. However, our understanding of the expansion patterns within the complex fracture network and fluid seepage mechanisms under field conditions remains inadequate. Here, this work develops a dynamic geomechanical (DG) model to simulate the complete sequence of operations in hydraulic fracturing. This study utilizes a construction procedure that closely mirrors field practices to establish the DG model. Furthermore, the numerical simulation results of the DG model are calibrated with field data. This work adopts a numerical simulation method that integrates unsteady seepage model for multi-stage fractured horizontal wells with the dilation-recompaction model to develop the DG model. It systematically constructs the geological model of the shale reservoir by utilizing segmented logging data and by segmenting production data. The time series evolution system is developed through an iterative process involving discrete time steps. Results show that the DG model can perform history matching on a multi-stage basis, enabling comprehensive and detailed analysis of the entire reservoir. This process effectively replicates the distribution relationship between each reconstruction zone and the overall productivity. Furthermore, the DG model is capable of accurately simulating the dynamic process of injected high-pressure fluids into the reservoir to fracture the rock and the dynamic evolution law of reservoir properties. Hydraulic fracturing creates a fracture zone that centers on the well’s border and spreads outward radially. The injection volume and failure pressure are significantly correlated with the scale of shale reservoir reconstruction. Following the injection of 790.5 m³ of fracturing fluid in the first stage, the fracture half-length can reach around 148 m, essentially fulfilling the design specifications. Permeability can reach up to 86 mD at this moment, and it can even be maintained at the level of 46 mD during production. In conclusion, the DG model broadens the focus of study on the development of shale reservoirs and lays the groundwork for improving productivity and optimizing hydraulic fracturing design.
Trends in use of antiseizure medication and treatment pattern during the first trimester in the German Embryotox cohort
Authors: Hoeltzenbein Maria , Slimi Sofia , Fietz Anne-Katrin , Dathe Katarina , Schaefer Christof
Published: December 2024

Because of their developmental toxicity, some antiseizure medication (ASM) should be avoided during pregnancy. This may lead to discontinuation or switching of ASM after recognition of pregnancy, but some of these changes may be suboptimal. Trends in ASM use at conception were analyzed in 3,763 pregnancies prospectively ascertained by a teratology information service in Germany between 2000 and 2018. Focusing on women with epilepsy (n = 2,395), changes of treatment pattern during the 1st trimester were evaluated. There was an increase in women using ASMs for non-epilepsy indications from 19% in 2000 to 39% in 2018. Although a shift from non-recommended teratogenic ASMs to recommended ASMs was observed, 13% of women were still receiving non-recommended ASMs in early pregnancy at the end of the study period. Among women with epilepsy, ASM regimen remained unchanged during the 1st trimester in 90%, 6% switched to other ASMs, and only 4% discontinued. Valproate, oxcarbazepine, and topiramate were more likely to be discontinued or switched than other ASMs. This first analysis of treatment pattern in ASM exposed pregnancies in Germany confirms the general trend towards less teratogenic and newer ASMs. However, it remains questionable whether women still using non-recommended ASMs are refractory to lower-risk ASMs or disregard treatment guidelines and risk minimization measures.
Migration routes and adult survival of the critically endangered yellow-breasted bunting Emberiza aureola
Authors: Heim Wieland , Anisimov Yury , Bastardot Marc , Davaasuren Batmunkh , Nakul Gleb , Anisimova Valentina , Batbayar Nyambayar , Beermann Ilka , Aung Thiri Dae We , Damrow Leo , Erdenechimeg Tuvshinjargal , Hahn Steffen , Heim Arend , Heim Ramona Julia , Hölzel Norbert , Kunz Friederike , Levashkin Aleksey , Sander Martha Maria , Sankamethawee Wangworn , Thomas Alexander , Kamp Johannes
Published: December 2024

Migratory animals rely on multiple sites during their annual cycles. Deteriorating conditions at any site can have population-level consequences, with long-distance migrants seen as especially susceptible to such changes. Reduced adult survival caused by persecution at non-breeding sites has been suggested a major reason for the catastrophic decline of a formerly abundant, long-distance migratory songbird, the Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola. However, it is unknown whether the ongoing extinction of this Eurasian species especially in the west of its range could be related to differences in survival or migration routes. We investigated survival rates of populations from both western and eastern parts of the breeding range and successfully tracked the migration of individuals from two eastern populations with light-level geolocators. We found moderate apparent local survival rates in eastern populations, but observed no returning birds in western populations. Our tracking data highlights (1) a joint migration corridor of eastern populations through eastern China, (2) long autumn stopovers likely used for moult and re-fuelling, and (3) very long occurrences at wintering sites. These areas should be given priority for future conservation measures. We call for an increased monitoring of adult survival and breeding output in multiple populations (including western ones) of this critically endangered species to determine (1) the causes for the observed differences in apparent local survival and (2) whether the current survival rates are sufficient to sustain viable breeding populations.
The RepVig framework for designing use-case specific representative vignettes and evaluating triage accuracy of laypeople and symptom assessment applications
Authors: Kopka Marvin , Napierala Hendrik , Privoznik Martin , Sapunova Desislava , Zhang Sizhuo , Feufel Markus A.
Published: December 2024

Most studies evaluating symptom-assessment applications (SAAs) rely on a common set of case vignettes that are authored by clinicians and devoid of context, which may be representative of clinical settings but not of situations where patients use SAAs. Assuming the use case of self-triage, we used representative design principles to sample case vignettes from online platforms where patients describe their symptoms to obtain professional advice and compared triage performance of laypeople, SAAs (e.g., WebMD or NHS 111), and Large Language Models (LLMs, e.g., GPT-4 or Claude) on representative versus standard vignettes. We found performance differences in all three groups depending on vignette type: When using representative vignettes, accuracy was higher (OR = 1.52 to 2.00, p < .001 to .03 in binary decisions, i.e., correct or incorrect), safety was higher (OR = 1.81 to 3.41, p < .001 to .002 in binary decisions, i.e., safe or unsafe), and the inclination to overtriage was also higher (OR = 1.80 to 2.66, p < .001 to p = .035 in binary decisions, overtriage or undertriage error). Additionally, we found changed rankings of best-performing SAAs and LLMs. Based on these results, we argue that our representative vignette sampling approach (that we call the RepVig Framework) should replace the practice of using a fixed vignette set as standard for SAA evaluation studies.
Joint interpretation of magnetic, transient electromagnetic, and electric resistivity tomography data for landfill characterization and contamination detection
Authors: Ibraheem Ismael M. , Yogeshwar Pritam , Bergers Rainer , Tezkan Bülent
Published: December 2024

Geophysical techniques have become increasingly crucial for characterizing landfills, offering noninvasive methods for subsurface exploration and contamination assessment. In this study, an integrated geophysical approach—utilizing magnetic, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and transient electromagnetic (TEM) surveys—was employed to characterize the Weidenpesch landfill in Cologne, Germany and assess potential groundwater contamination. The results from these methods were consistent, effectively delineating the landfill boundaries and identifying possible contamination. The waste body was distinguished by its relatively low resistivity values with an average value of 1–10 Ω·m in the western and central parts of the landfill and 20–50 Ω·m at its eastern part in contrast with the surrounding high-resistivity gravelly sand layer (several hundreds of Ω·m), and a depth of up to 15 m. The variability in conductivity and magnetic susceptibility across different landfill sections indicated the heterogeneity of buried materials. Additionally, the ERT and TEM data indicate low resistivity values (below 5 Ω·m) at depths of 20–25 m. A correlation with the borehole data suggests that this may represent a contaminated coal/clay layer. Furthermore, repeated TEM measurements revealed significant variation in subsurface conductivity over time, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of an integrated geophysical approach for providing a comprehensive understanding of subsurface landfill conditions, which is essential for informed environmental management and remediation.
Mutational disparities in colorectal cancers of White Americans, Alabama African Americans, And Oklahoma American Indians
Authors: Yamada Hiroshi Y. , Rout Madhusmita , Xu Chao , O’Neill Philip H. , Afaq Farrukh , Morris Katherine T. , Sanghera Dharambir K. , Manne Upender , Rao Chinthalapally V.
Published: December 2024

The high incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Alabama African Americans (AAs) and Oklahoma American Indians (AIs) are recognized as cancer disparities, yet the underlying causes have been poorly demonstrated. By evaluating CRC whole-exome sequencing and mutational profiles, here we report sets of mutated genes whose frequencies differed significantly (p < 0.05) in a race-specific manner. Secondary screening with cancer database identified “survival-critical genes (SCGs)” (i.e., genes whose mutations/alterations are associated with significant differences in the patients’ survival rates) among the differentially mutated genes. Notable SCGs with race-pronounced variants were different from DEGs and their involved pathways included nucleotide catabolism and cell cycle checkpoints for AAs, and extracellular matrix organization for AIs. The inclusion of these SCGs with race-pronounced variants in the clinical CRC next-generation sequencing panels and the development of targeting drugs will serve as refinements for precision medicine to overcome racial disparities in health outcomes of CRC.
A Novel method for quantifying fluctuations in wearable derived daily cardiovascular parameters across the menstrual cycle
Authors: Jasinski Summer R. , Presby David M. , Grosicki Gregory J. , Capodilupo Emily R. , Lee Victoria H.
Published: December 2024

Currently, knowledge of changes in cardiovascular function across the menstrual cycle and how these changes may inform upon underlying health is limited. Utilizing wrist-worn biometric data we developed a novel measure to quantify and investigate the cardiovascular fluctuation (i.e. cardiovascular amplitude) within resting heart rate (RHR) and heart rate variability (RMSSD) across 11,590 participants and 45,811 menstrual cycles. Within participants, RHR and RMSSD fluctuated in a regular pattern throughout the menstrual cycle, with population RHRmin and RMSSDmax at cycle day 5, RHRmax at day 26, and RMSSDmin at day 27. Cardiovascular amplitude was attenuated (p < 0.05) in older participants and participants using birth control, suggesting the novel metric may mirror differences in hormonal fluctuations in these cohorts. Longitudinal tracking of cardiovascular amplitude may offer accessible non-invasive monitoring of female physiology and underlying health across the menstrual cycle.
Curcumin/kaolin composite for advanced latent fingerprint imaging with fluorescence quantification
Authors: Wang Jiujiang , Li Dawu , Zhang Jianghua , Gao Zijian , Han Jinke
Published: December 2024

Facile synthesis of micron-sized curcumin/kaolin composites and development of an effective method for quantifying fingerprint fluorescence contrast and tunable multi-color image enhancement.
Advances in lanthanide cyclononatetraenyl chemistry
Authors: Sun Xiaofei , Nocton Grégory , Roesky Peter W.
Published: December 2024

The organolanthanide chemistry of the 10π-electron cyclononatetraenyl (Cnt) monoanion is reviewed.
A novel approach for enhanced hydrothermal synthesis of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate crystals from phosphogypsum by microwave irradiation
Authors: Du Weifan , Li Xianbo
Published: December 2024

Microwave radiation is a clean heating technology, which was utilized for efficient synthesis of high-value α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH) from phosphogypsum waste in salt solution.
Recent progress of metal–organic framework materials with a benzothiadiazole unit for fluorescence sensing
Authors: Li Zhi-Yuan , Zheng Teng-Fei , Wen He-Rui , Liu Sui-Jun
Published: December 2024

This highlight aims to showcase the recent progress of benzothiadiazole-based luminescent metal–organic frameworks for the detection of ions, amino acids, volatile organic compounds and drug molecules.
2D P-doped carbon nitride as an effective artificial solid electrolyte interphase for the protection of Li anodes
Authors: Eroles Franco , López Yesica Celeste Villagrán , López María Beatriz , Zoloff Michoff Martin E. , Luque Guillermina , Cometto Fernando
Published: December 2024

2D P-doped carbon nitride for the protection of Li anodes.
Emerging frontiers of nickel–aluminium layered double hydroxide heterojunctions for photocatalysis
Authors: Li Chunxue , Ding Guixiang , Wang Peng , Liu Kun , Yang Bin , Liao Guangfu
Published: December 2024

This review outlines the progress made in recent years in Ni–Al LDH-based heterojunctions for photocatalysis.
An organic–inorganic hybrid ferroelastic with a near-room-temperature phase transition
Authors: Bai Yong-Ju , Qi Jun-Chao , Hou Ya-Ru , Xia Zhang-Tian , Shen Xin , Peng Hang , Lu Yan-Zi , Qin Yan , Lv Hui-Peng , Liao Wei-Qiang
Published: December 2024

A new zinc halide OIMH ferroelastic (E,E)-[BPHD]ZnBr4 experiences a 2/mF1̄-type paraelastic–ferroelastic phase transition at a near-room-temperature Tc of 285 K.
Two-dimensional porous porphyrin materials composed of robust tin(iv)-porphyrin linkages for photocatalytic wastewater remediation
Authors: Shee Nirmal Kumar , Kim Hee-Joon
Published: December 2024

Two-dimensional porous porphyrin materials composed of robust tin(iv)-porphyrin linkages exhibit excellent stability, permanent porosity, and enhanced performances in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants for wastewater remediation.
Stabilizing the aluminum metal anode through polymer coating-enabled regulation of exchange current
Authors: Gu Sichen , Nie Wanli , Meng Qiao , Chen Xinming , Zhang Jiameng , Cao Yun , Lv Wei
Published: December 2024

A strategy to stabilize the aluminum metal anode by achieving a delicate balance between mitigating interphase reactions and ensuring efficient mass transport is proposed and realized through a finely tuned PDMS coating.
An improved method to generate secondary nanoplastics and oligomers: application in ecotoxicology
Authors: Gómez-Kong Silvia , Tamayo-Belda Miguel , Pulido-Reyes Gerardo , Edo Carlos , Verdú Irene , Leganés Francisco , Rosal Roberto , González-Pleiter Miguel , Fernández-Piñas Francisca
Published: December 2024

An efficient method was developed to produce secondary nanoplastics and oligomers, mimicking environmental conditions. The produced materials caused physiological changes in the microalga C. reinhardtii at environmentally relevant concentrations.
Astaxanthin promotes the longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans via modulation of the intracellular redox status and PHA-4-mediated autophagy
Authors: Ding Feng , Zhao Yan
Published: December 2024

Astaxanthin extends the lifespan and health span of C. elegans. Astaxanthin elevates skn-1 expression and oxidative stress resistance in C. elegans. The lifespan extension by astaxanthin depends on PHA-4-mediated autophagy.
Ultra-high-sensitive temperature sensing based on emission Pr3+ and Yb3+ codoped Y2Mo3O12 nanostructures
Authors: Ben Amar Nozha , Saidi Kamel , Hernández-Álvarez Christian , Dammak Mohamed , Martin Inocencio R.
Published: December 2024

Non-contact optical temperature measurement has received considerable attention in recent years because of its benefits of high speed and safety.
Targeting host integrated stress response: lead discovery of flavonoid compounds active against coronaviruses PEDV and PDCoV
Authors: Yi Liang , Wang Yishuai , Wang Jiehuang , Chen Yihan , Huang Weixue , Liao Ying , Zhang Qingwen
Published: December 2024

We have discovered a new class of flavonoid-based host integrated stress response (ISR) activators that exhibit potent antiviral activity against coronaviruses PEDV and PDCoV. They are host-directed antivirals (HDAs).
Photocatalytic membranes based on Cu–NH2-MIL-125(Ti) protected by poly(vinylidene fluoride) for high and stable hydrogen production
Authors: Gontarek-Castro Emilia , Pancielejko Anna , Baluk Mateusz Adam , Kroczewska-Gnatowska Malwina , Gnatowski Przemysław , Matus Krzysztof , Łuczak Justyna , Zaleska-Medynska Adriana
Published: December 2024

An effective method for developing a PVDF polymeric stabilizer tailored for a chemically sensitive NH2-MIL-125(Ti) photocatalyst was introduced.
Electronic confinement induced quantum dot behavior in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Ghawri Bhaskar , Bastante Pablo , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Calame Michel , Perrin Mickael L. , Zhang Jian
Published: December 2024

Reducing the dimensions of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene devices can amplify disorder potentials caused by doping inhomogeneity, leading to enhanced carrier confinement.
Atomic-level mechanisms of abnormal activation in NRAS oncogenes from two-dimensional free energy landscapes
Authors: Hu Zheyao , Martí Jordi
Published: December 2024

The NRAS-mutant subset of melanoma is one of the most aggressive and lethal types associated with poor overall survival.
Comparative analysis of drug release kinetics in polyethylene oxide and xanthan gum matrices with various excipients
Authors: Muhamad Haja , Mawla Nihad , Dereiah Saedah , Ward Adam , Williamson James , Asare-Addo Kofi
Published: December 2024

A manipulation of the ratios of either lactose, DCP, or MCC impacts the compaction, compression, general mechanical strength, wettability, drug release parameters and kinetics profiles of compacts made with polyethylene oxide or xanthan gum.
Cu-based electrode material for controlled selective electrooxidation of tetrahydroisoquinolines
Authors: Zhang Yizhou , Zhang Rongxian , Zhang Qi , Deng Yilin , Guan Jiexin , Ling Yizhou , Zhu Guoxing
Published: December 2024

In this study, electrooxidation of tetrahydroisoquinolines was coupled with the generation of hydrogen on a designed electrode. High selectivity was shown with the generation of dihydroisoquinolines.
Strong electronic interaction enhanced electrocatalysis of copper phthalocyanine decorated Co-MOF-74 toward highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhao Xiaohua , Jia Jinzhi , Shi Haixiong , Li Shanshan , Xu Cailing
Published: December 2024

The synergistic effect of Co-MOF-74 and CuPc enhances the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction.
Solution-processed nickel oxide passivation on large-area silicon electrodes for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Lee Da-Young , Shin Hye-Min , Yoon Myung-Han
Published: December 2024

In this research, we report the large-scale fabrication of nickel oxide-coated n-type silicon (n-Si) photoanodes via chemical bath deposition for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation.
Cognitive-enhancing effect of Cordia dichotoma fruit on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in rats: metabolite profiling, in vivo, and in silico investigations
Authors: Hussein Hagar M. , Abdel Kawy Mostafa A. , Eltanany Basma M. , Pont Laura , Benavente Fernando , Fayez Ahmed M. , Alnajjar Radwan , Al-Karmalawy Ahmed A. , Abdelmonem Azza R. , Mohsen Engy
Published: December 2024

The first comprehensive metabolite profiling of CDFME to assess its cognition-enhancing effect both in vivo and in silico is presented.
Exploring the role of Chrysanthemum coronarium leaves distillation waste as a green inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic environment: an integrated study
Authors: Kellal Rachid , Zertoubi Mustapha , Safi Zaki S. , Wazzan Nuha A. , Al-qurashi Ohoud S. , Benmessaoud Left Driss
Published: December 2024

In this study, the assessment of the Chrysanthemum coronarium leaves co-product resulting from the hydrodistillation process was conducted to evaluate its anticorrosive potential for carbon steel in the hydrochloric acid medium.
Towards green, scalable peptide synthesis: leveraging DEG-crosslinked polystyrene resins to overcome hydrophobicity challenges
Authors: Al Musaimi Othman , Tomkins Joshua , Barry Sarah M. , Basso Alessandra , Kou Xiaokang , Zhang Cheng , Serban Simona
Published: December 2024

DEG-crosslinked polystyrene (PS) resin is a promising alternative to traditional DVB-PS resin for solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), especially for challenging hydrophobic or bulky sequences.
Overview of recent developments in carbon-based nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Vessally Esmail , Rzayev Rovnag M. , Niyazova Aytan A. , Aggarwal Tushar , Rahimova Konul E.
Published: December 2024

Energy storage devices are recognized as environmentally friendly technologies.
Exploring the association between communicating about NMR spectra and acute awareness of stigma attached to one's gender among women in postsecondary organic chemistry courses
Authors: Connor Megan C. , Parvin Ally R. , Browning Alex F.
Published: December 2024

Women report that they must conform to masculine behavioral norms to progress in chemistry, with the necessity of adopting such norms pushing them from the field. Advancing gender-based equity within chemistry will thus entail identifying these norms, deconstructing them, and, ultimately, redefining them to be inclusive of all individuals. To support these efforts, this study investigates whether engaging in a traditional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) communication task versus a similar task with multiple identity-safe cues differentially impacts individuals’ gender stigma consciousness, or the extent to which individuals are acutely aware of stigma attached to their gender. Undergraduates (n = 543) enrolled in Organic Chemistry II at a large university in the southeastern United States completed an online NMR communication task followed by a version of the Social Identities and Attitudes Scale (SIAS) modified for use in chemistry learning environments (i.e., the SIAS-Chem). Participants were randomly assigned to one of two prompt groups prior to task completion: one group was told the task evaluates their NMR communication ability, and the other group was told the task was non-evaluative and used to understand the different ways people communicate. The results provide initial psychometric evidence of the SIAS-Chem's functionality and measurement invariance across prompt groups, providing preliminary support for its use in identifying chemistry practices that are potentially exclusionary of women. Further, women who were told the task evaluates NMR communication ability reported greater gender stigma consciousness on the SIAS-Chem compared to women who were told the task was non-evaluative, while there is no evidence of men scoring differently across prompts. Gender stigma consciousness was also associated with confidence during task completion among women who were told the task was non-evaluative. The findings have implications for the design of equitable assessments and instruction on NMR spectroscopy and future research on communication styles in chemistry.
Spatial correlation of desorption events accelerates water exchange dynamics at Pt/water interfaces
Authors: Wang Fei-Teng , Zhu Jia-Xin , Liu Chang , Xiong Ke , Liu Xiandong , Cheng Jun
Published: December 2024

The spatial correlation of the desorption events accelerates the water exchange dynamics.
Ionically conducting Li- and Na-phosphonates as organic electrode materials for rechargeable batteries
Authors: Zhang Yan , Apostol Petru , Rambabu Darsi , Guo Xiaolong , Liu Xuelian , Lin Xiaodong , Xie Haijiao , Chen Xiaohua , Robeyns Koen , Wang Jiande , Wang Junzhong , Vlad Alexandru
Published: December 2024

Facilitating rapid charge transfer in electrode materials necessitates the optimization of their ionic transport properties.
Fully biobased and biodegradable oxygen barrier coating for poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Fisher Sarah G. , Amanipour Armaghan , Montemayor Maya D. , Iverson Ethan T. , Chang Edward , Moran Alexandra V. , Ovissipour Reza , Grunlan Jaime C.
Published: December 2024

A bioderived and biodegradable nanocoating deposited on poly(lactic acid) significantly improves its oxygen barrier performance for applications in sustainable packaging.
CoNCNTs anchored with Ru/RuO2 heterojunction nanostructures as an electrocatalyst for highly effective water splitting
Authors: Lu Zhenjiang , Zhao Qiaoling , Xie Jing , Hu Jindou , Sun Bai , Cao Yali
Published: December 2024

CoNCNTs anchoring Ru/RuO2 heterojunction nanostructure can induce Ru site charge density redistribution, balance the hydrolysis dissociation energy and free energy of adsorption of intermediates, thus reducing the reaction energy barrier of HER/OER.
Machine vision-enabled surface temperature mapping based on thermo-responsive cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer arrays
Authors: Zhao Haotian , Cheng Jiaqi , Wang Jianji , Xiao Shu , Attia Nour F. , Liu Mingzhu , Jiang Saihua
Published: December 2024

Combining thermo-responsive cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers (CLCE) with machine vision enables precise temperature mapping. Two machine learning models detect temperature values and distributions for robust material-based monitoring.
Magnesium vapor-assisted deoxidation of La–Ce alloys through micro-alloying
Authors: Xie Wenxia , Lu Congli , Ren Xuechen , Xu Baoqiang , Yang Bin , Wang Fei
Published: December 2024

Magnesium vapor-assisted deoxidation through micro-alloying is the key to maintaining the low oxygen concentration of La–Ce alloys.
Selective reaction at grain boundaries addressing organic field effect transistor trap states
Authors: Li Feifei , Williams Matthew C. , Waldrip Matthew , Tyznik Colin , Ambagaspitiya Tharushi D. , Dremann Derek , Cimatu Katherine Leslee Asetre , Jurchescu Oana D. , Ciszek Jacob W.
Published: December 2024

Pentacene thin-films OFETs show increased conductance and mobility after exposure to maleic anhydride which shifts the mean energy in the grain boundary via an applied dipole.
Optical nonlinearity of Janus material TaSSe and its applications in fiber lasers
Authors: Yang Huiran , Lu Chenhao , Xie Yiqing , Gu Shengyue , Li Xupeng , Qi Mengting , Han Dongdong , Wang Pu , Li Lu
Published: December 2024

TaSSe is a novel nanomaterial that, due to its excellent physical and photonic properties, finds extensive applications in areas such as metal-reinforced composite materials, microelectronics, and waveguide lasers.
Recent progress in spiro-type hole transport materials for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Xie Gang , Chen Ling , Liu Jiaxin , Yu Jianxin , Yin Haoran , Li Huiyu , Yang Yonglong , Liang Aihui , Chen Yiwang
Published: December 2024

This review summarized the efficient spiro-type HTMs reported in the last 8 years, discussed their structure–property relationship and photovoltaic performance, and proposed the general principles for designing HTMs.
Management of phyto-parasitic nematodes using bacteria and fungi and their consortia as biocontrol agents
Authors: Yadav Shashi Prabha , Sharma Chhavi , Pathak Puneet , Kanaujia Anil , Saxena Mohan Ji , Kalra Anup
Published: December 2024

Phyto-parasitic nematodes are one of the risks to the agroecosystem that cause agricultural output to decline in a variety of crops around the world.