bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On using coupled fixed‐point theorems for mild solutions to coupled system of multipoint boundary value problems of nonlinear fractional hybrid pantograph differential equations
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Shah Kamal , Khan Rahmat Ali
Published: July 2019

The aims of this manuscript is to establish conditions for obtaining mild solutions to a coupled systems of multipoint boundary value problems (BVPs) of fractional order hybrid differential equations (FHDEs) with nonlinear perturbations of second type. In the concerned problem, we consider a proportional type delay that represent a famous class of differential equation called pantograph equations. Hence, we establish sufficient conditions for at least one mild solution to the coupled system of fractional hybrid pantograph differential equations (FHPDEs) by using Burton and couple‐type fixed‐point theorems. We also provide examples to show the applicability of our results.
Multiple solutions for a class of infinitely degenerate elliptic equations with a sign‐changing weight function
Authors: Tian Shuying
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we study the Dirichlet problem for a class of degenerate elliptic equations with a sign‐changing weight function. Under some conditions on the weight function, we obtain at least two nontrivial solutions by the method of Nehari manifold and the logarithmic Sobolev inequality.
Practical absorptive frequency selective surface based on printed electronics technology for radome applications
Authors: Lee In‐Gon , Kim Yoon‐Jae , Hong Ic‐Pyo
Published: July 2019

This study uses screen‐printing technology to create resistive components by employing carbon‐based electric ink (55 Ω/□) printing, and an absorptive frequency selective surface (FSS) was designed with absorptive properties in the C‐band and transmissive properties in the X‐band. This was done to ensure structural stability and to overcome the limitations of lumped‐element‐based absorptive‐FSS, which make it difficult to ensure the stability of electrical properties owing to thermal and mechanical factors in the hybrid composite laminated structure. The proposed structure reduces parasitic components by substituting printed resistive components instead of the lumped element having the weakness of a difficult to predict electrical performance according to the frequency band. Fabrication and measurement tests were performed to verify the performance of the proposed structure by comparing the frequency response properties in normal and oblique incidence conditions, the measured results show good agreement with the simulation results.
Is perfection ever attainable? Strong coupling effects in the Perfect Echo
Authors: Howe Peter W.A.
Published: July 2019

The Perfect Echo sequence, originally proposed in the late 1980s, has recently been popularised with many applications in the field of small‐molecule proton NMR spectroscopy. The Perfect Echo refocuses all homonuclear J‐couplings for AX spin systems and refocuses magnetization in‐phase for more complex weakly coupled spin systems, albeit with some intensity reduction. In contrast to suggestions in previous publications, spectra acquired in our laboratory showed that the Perfect Echo caused intensity distortions in strongly coupled systems where the chemical shift difference between the coupled spins was not large compared to the J‐coupling. This paper reports experimental observations and theoretical analysis of strongly coupled spins to confirm the distortions are real and that they originate principally from transfer of magnetization caused by the final inversion pulse of the Perfect Echo. The intensity changes are not large, but because of them, identifications of coupling partners based on resonance intensities (“roofing”) can no longer be relied on when the Perfect Echo is used. However, theory and experiment confirm that adding an orthogonal excitation pulse at the end of the Perfect Echo greatly reduces the distortions.
UHD: TVs Advance While Content Lags
Authors: Gray Paul
Published: July 2019

Although consumer electronics companies are racing to unveil new TV resolutions, broadcasters, pay TV, and subscription video on demand streaming services often have a different set of priorities. Paul Gray, a research and analysis director for IHS Markit. explores the diverging outlooks and what we can learn from UHD market trends.
A framework for self‐evolving computational material models inspired by deep learning
Authors: Cho In Ho
Published: July 2019

There exists a deep chasm between machine learning (ML) and high‐fidelity computational material models in science and engineering. Due to the complex interaction of internal physics, ML methods hardly conquer or innovate them. To fill the chasm, this paper finds an answer from the central notions of deep learning (DL) and proposes information index and link functions, which are essential to infuse principles of physics into ML. Like the convolution process of DL, the proposed information index integrates adjacent information and quantifies the physical similarity between laboratory and reality, enabling ML to see through a complex target system with the perspective of scientists. Like the hidden layers' weights of DL, the proposed link functions unravel the hidden relations between information index and physics rules. Like the error backpropagation of DL, the proposed framework adopts fitness‐based spawning scheme of evolutionary algorithm. The proposed framework demonstrates that a fusion of information index, link functions, evolutionary algorithm, and Bayesian update scheme can engender self‐evolving computational material models and that the fusion will help rename ML as a partner of researchers in the broad science and engineering.
A cross‐sectional study of health literacy in patients with chronic kidney disease: Associations with demographic and clinical variables
Authors: Stømer Une Elisabeth , Gøransson Lasse Gunnar , Wahl Astrid Klopstad , Urstad Kristin Hjorthaug
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate health literacy in patients with chronic kidney disease in a multidimensional perspective.

Design

A descriptive, cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Patients with chronic kidney disease at stages 3–5 were included in the study between February–August 2017 (N = 187). Health literacy was measured by the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify associations between health literacy and demographic and clinical variables. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to identify characteristics of groups with high and low health literacy.

Results

Finding and critical appraise health information were the most challenging dimensions of health literacy. Female gender, lower level of education, greater number of prescribed medications and depressive symptoms were associated with lower health literacy. The group identified with lowest health literacy was further characterized by living alone and presence of comorbidity.
Emicizumab prophylaxis among infants and toddlers with severe hemophilia A and inhibitors—a single‐center cohort
Authors: Barg Assaf A. , Avishai Einat , Budnik Ivan , Levy‐Mendelovich Sarina , Barazani Tami B. , Kenet Gili , Livnat Tami
Published: July 2019

Background

Emicizumab is a bispecific antibody that bridges factor IXa and factor X to restore hemostasis in patients with hemophilia A (HA). Its efficacy and safety have been proven in multicenter trials. However, real world data regarding its use in very young children are currently lacking. Ancillary test results for monitoring emicizumab's hemostatic effect and their clinical correlations are scarce.

Methods

Children with HA and inhibitors treated by emicizumab were prospectively followed at our center. Laboratory follow‐up included rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and thrombin generation (TG), prior to and during treatment.

Results

Eleven children whose median age was 26 months were treated by emicizumab and followed for a median of 36 weeks. During follow‐up, none experienced hemarthrosis or any other spontaneous bleeds. For 7/11 patients, emicizumab prophylaxis was sufficient to maintain hemostasis without additional supplemental therapy. Only 4/11 patients were occasionally treated with recombinant activated FVII for trauma. Two minor surgeries were safely performed without supplemental therapy while another procedure was complicated by major bleeding. TG parameters improved for all patients, correlating with their clinical status. Interestingly, the lowest TG values were obtained for patients experiencing bleeding episodes, while ROTEM parameters in all patients were close to the normal range.

Conclusions

This study confirms the safety and efficacy of emicizumab in reducing bleeds in young children with HA with inhibitors, including infants. However, surgeries warrant caution as emicizumab prophylaxis may not be sufficient for some procedures. TG may more accurately reflect the hemostasis state than ROTEM in pediatric patients treated with emicizumab.
Recent Advancements in Ln‐Ion‐Based Upconverting Nanomaterials and Their Biological Applications
Authors: Chhetri Bijay P. , Karmakar Alokita , Ghosh Anindya
Published: July 2019

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) convert low‐energy infrared (IR) or near‐infrared (NIR) photons into high‐energy emission radiation ranging from ultraviolet to visible through a photon upconversion process. In comparison to conventional fluorophores, such as organic dyes or semiconductor quantum dots, lanthanide‐ion‐doped UCNPs exhibit high photostability, no photoblinking, no photobleaching, low cytotoxicity, sharp emission lines, and long luminescent lifetimes. Additionally, the use of IR or NIR for excitation in such UCNPs reduces the autofluorescence background and enables deeper penetration into biological samples due to reduced light scattering with negligible damage to the samples. Because of these attributes, UCNPs have found numerous potential applications in biological and medicinal fields as novel fluorescent materials. Different upconversion mechanisms commonly observed in UCNPs, various methods that are used in their synthesis, and surface modification processes are discussed. Recent applications of Ln‐UCNPs in the biological and medicinal fields, including in vivo and in vitro biological imaging, multimodal imaging, photodynamic therapy, drug delivery, and antibacterial activity, are also presented.
DT‐678 inhibits platelet activation with lower tendency for bleeding compared to existing P2Y12 antagonists
Authors: Lauver Dale A. , Kuszynski Dawn S. , Christian Barbara D. , Bernard Matthew P. , Teuber James P. , Markham Bruce E. , Chen Yuqing E. , Zhang Haoming
Published: July 2019

The novel clopidogrel conjugate, DT‐678, is an effective inhibitor of platelets and thrombosis in preclinical studies. However, a comparison of the bleeding risk with DT‐678 and currently approved P2Y12 antagonists has yet to be determined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bleeding tendency of animals treated with clopidogrel, ticagrelor, and DT‐678. Ninety‐one New Zealand white rabbits were randomized to one of 13 treatment groups (n = 7). Platelet activation was assessed by flow cytometry and light transmission aggregometry before and after the administration of various doses of DT‐678, clopidogrel, and ticagrelor. Tongue template bleeding times were also measured before and after drug treatment. Treatment with P2Y12 receptor antagonists caused a dose‐dependent reduction in markers of platelet activation (P‐selectin and integrin αIIbβ3) and aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate stimulation. At the same doses required for platelet inhibition, clopidogrel and ticagrelor significantly prolonged bleeding times, while DT‐678 did not. DT‐678 and the FDA‐approved P2Y12 antagonists clopidogrel and ticagrelor are effective inhibitors of platelet activation and aggregation. However, unlike clopidogrel and ticagrelor, DT‐678 did not prolong bleeding times at equally effective antiplatelet doses. The results suggest a more favorable benefit/risk ratio for DT‐678 and potential utility as part of a dual antiplatelet therapy regimen.
Is leaf pruning the key factor to successful biological control of aphids in sweet pepper?
Authors: Brenard Nathalie , Bosmans Lien , Leirs Herwig , De Bruyn Luc , Sluydts Vincent , Moerkens Rob
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are a problematic pest in global sweet pepper cultivation. Control of aphids often relies on insecticides, leading to widespread resistance. Biological control of aphids is mainly based on releasing specialist natural enemies, but they often fail to control outbreaks. Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a zoophytophagous generalist which attacks several sweet pepper pests, including aphids. Previous research showed that M. pygmaeus is capable of strongly reducing aphid populations in sweet pepper, but complete control was seldom achieved. Sweet pepper plants continue to grow during the season, reaching > 3 m high in Belgian and Dutch greenhouses. Dense foliage and large vertical distance from the flowers to the lower leaves impede the search efficiency of the predator. Leaf pruning may improve aphid predation by M. pygmaeus by increasing the probability of encountering prey.

RESULTS

Four and five treatments (foliage range: 100 cm to full length) respectively were tested in a semi‐commercial sweet pepper greenhouse in 2017 and 2018. Aphid populations in pruned treatments grew more slowly than in the control and M. pygmaeus was eventually able to control aphids in all pruned treatments in 2018. There was no difference in aphid control between the pruned treatments. Sweet pepper production was lower in the treatments with the shortest foliage lengths.

CONCLUSION

Leaf pruning up to 160 or 190 cm foliage length improves aphid control by M. pygmaeus in sweet pepper without affecting production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The anti‐fungal β‐sitosterol targets the yeast oxysterol‐binding protein Osh4
Authors: Moosavi Behrooz , Liu Shuting , Wang Nan‐Nan , Zhu Xiao‐Lei , Yang Guang‐Fu
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

β‐Sitosterol is a plant metabolite with a broad range of anti‐fungal activity, however, this compound is not toxic against a few fungal species. The target of β‐sitosterol and the nature of its selective toxicity are not yet clear. Using a yeast model system and taking advantage of molecular biology and computational approaches, we identify the target and explain why β‐sitosterol is not toxic against some fungal pathogens.

RESULTS

β‐Sitosterol (200 μg mL−1) is toxic against yeast cells expressing only Osh4 (an oxysterol‐binding protein) and harbouring a upc2‐1 mutation (which enables sterol uptake), but not against yeast strains expressing all seven Osh proteins and harbouring a upc2‐1 mutation. Furthermore, β‐sitosterol is not toxic against yeast strains without the upc2‐1 mutation irrespective of the number of Osh proteins being expressed. The deletion of COQ1 (a gene known to be highly induced upon deletion of OSH4) enhances the toxicity of β‐sitosterol in yeast cells expressing only Osh4 and harbouring the upc2‐1 mutation. Molecular modelling suggests that β‐sitosterol binds to Osh4 and the binding mode is similar to the binding of cholesterol to Osh4.

CONCLUSION

Our results indicate that the concentrations of β‐sitosterol, and Osh4, as well as its homologues within cells, are most likely the main determinants of β‐sitosterol toxicity. Furthermore, some fungal species do not take up sterols, e.g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, under aerobic conditions. Therefore, sterol uptake may also contribute to the β‐sitosterol anti‐fungal effect. These findings enable predicting the toxicity of β‐sitosterol against plant fungal pathogens. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Designing Photovoltaic Devices Using HgTe Nanocrystals for Short and Mid‐Wave Infrared Detection
Authors: Martinez Bertille , Livache Clément , Chu Audrey , Gréboval Charlie , Cruguel Hervé , Goubet Nicolas , Lhuillier Emmanuel
Published: July 2019

HgTe nanocrystals offer a unique combination of broadly tunable optical absorption in the infrared from 1 to 100 μm and photoconductive properties. Herein, some of the recent developments related to their integration into photodiodes are discussed. Concepts such as the development of colloidal unipolar barrier, development of ink to achieve strongly absorbing and conductive film, and the recent proposition of intraband photodiode are also discussed.
In Situ Solar Wafer Temperature Measurement during Firing Process via Inline IR Thermography
Authors: Ourinson Daniel , Emanuel Gernot , Csordás Attila , Dammaß Gunnar , Müller Harald , Sternkiker Christoph , Clement Florian , Glunz Stefan W.
Published: July 2019

Herein, an inline IR thermography system as an innovative application for real‐time contactless temperature measurement of wafers—both metallized and nonmetallized—during the firing process is successfully realized in an industrial firing furnace as proof of concept and example for a thermography system in a conveyor furnace. As observed by the new system, thermocouples (TCs) seem to measure lower temperature on wafers—especially in combination with TC frames—than wafers exhibit at standard firing conditions (here up to ΔT ≈ 40 K). Furthermore, highly resolved spatial temperature distribution can be successfully measured on the wafer.
Microscopic Nature of Magnetic Ground State in CeAuSb2
Authors: Yumnam George , Chen Yiyao , Zhao Yang , Thamizhavel Arumugam , Dhar Sudesh K. , Singh Deepak K.
Published: July 2019

The synergistic investigation of ground‐state magnetic correlation in the single‐crystal heavy fermion compound CeAuSb2 using detailed neutron scattering measurements and density functional calculations is reported. Unlike the previous reports of single antiferromagnetic transition at TN ≈ 6 K, three successive transitions with distinct critical exponents at TN = 5.3, 4.46, and 3.76 K, respectively, are detected in CeAuSb. The low‐temperature ground‐state magnetic correlation is described by the spin density wave order in the basal plane with propagation wave vector τ = (0.135, 0.135, 0.5) rlu. The spin density wave order arises due to the nesting of hole pockets in the Fermi surface, with parallel surfaces being separated by the experimentally found propagation vector τ. The comprehensive investigation of magnetic ground‐state properties is expected to provide new insights in understanding the emerging quantum magnetism in this system, including the debated quantum critical state and magnetic field‐induced metamagnetic transitions at low temperature.
The effects of U.S. quantitative easing on South Africa
Authors: Meszaros John , Olson Eric
Published: July 2019

This paper investigates the impact of the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy on the economy of South Africa, particularly during the period of quantitative easing and thereafter from 2009 to 2018. A VAR model, including South Africa’s inflation, output, a stock market index, exchange rate, and South Africa’s policy rate is examined to determine the impact of the Federal Reserve’s actions. Our results show that the Federal Reserve’s quantitative easing programs had only slight overall effects on South Africa’s economy. However, the way monetary policy is measured appears to have important effects for studies of international monetary spillovers as the results differ depending on the type of monetary policy measure used.
Wood Jam Dynamics Database and Assessment Model (WooDDAM): A framework to measure and understand wood jam characteristics and dynamics
Authors: Scott Daniel N. , Wohl Ellen , Yochum Steven E.
Published: July 2019

Wood jams in rivers and on floodplains play an essential role in shaping valley bottoms, and their dynamics regulate the ecology and morphology of river systems. Although wood jams are commonly used to regulate fluvial geomorphic processes and provide habitat, our inability to predict how wood jams change through time hampers wood restoration efforts. We present the Wood Jam Dynamics Database and Assessment Model (WooDDAM) to improve understanding and management of natural and anthropogenic wood jams in rivers. WooDDAM is composed of a field data collection protocol, an open database of wood jam characteristics and dynamics, machine learning statistical models for predicting wood jam dynamics during high flows, and an online user interface to facilitate collaborative data collection and use. Here, we provide the background and guidance necessary to utilize WooDDAM to make predictions of and contribute to the database describing wood jam dynamics. We present tests of interoperator variability to justify database variable selection. To refine model predictions and improve predictive power, we encourage users to follow simple resurvey procedures and submit observations of wood jam dynamics. WooDDAM provides a management and monitoring tool for the retention or reintroduction of wood jams in rivers and facilitates further research into the interactions between wood jam dynamics and fluvial or ecological processes.
Riverine turtles select habitats maintained by natural discharge regimes in an unimpounded large river
Authors: Tornabene Brian J. , Jaeger Matthew E. , Bramblett Robert G. , Nelson Mark , McClenning Nathan , Watson Trevor , Ankrum Alan , Frazer Kenneth , Reinhold Ann Marie , Zale Alexander V.
Published: July 2019

Turtle populations are imperiled worldwide, but limited ecological information from unaltered systems hampers science‐based management and conservation of some species, especially riverine turtles such as the spiny softshell (Apalone spinifera). We therefore investigated movements and spatial habitat selection of 54A.spiniferain 633 river kilometres (rkm) of the least‐altered river in the conterminous United States—the Yellowstone River in Montana—from 2005 to 2009. Movement rates and home ranges were smaller than in fragmented, altered river systems because nesting and overwintering habitats were common and in close proximity. Habitat selection also differed.A.spiniferain the Yellowstone River overwintered in unaltered bluff pools and summered in complex reaches with side channels, islands, and diverse habitats. However, those in the highly altered Missouri River used deep alluvial pools for overwintering and flooded, inundated, or backwatered tributary mouths in spring and summer. Importantly, selected habitats in both rivers were functionally similar, including complex river reaches (with multiple channels, islands, and diverse habitats) and natural pool types. Unfortunately, these are the very habitats that are limited in rivers affected by dams, bank stabilization, and channelization. Therefore, preservation of natural and diverse riverine habitats—and the fluvial dynamics that maintain them—may enhance conservation ofA.spiniferain large rivers.
Ti6Al4V foams having nanotubular surfaces for orthopaedic applications
Authors: İzmir Merve , Tufan Yiğithan , Tan Güher , Ercan Batur
Published: July 2019

Despite the widespread use of Ti6Al4V in orthopaedics, the bioinert nature of this alloy limits its biological fixation with the bone tissue. To enhance its bone fixation, two different types of Ti6Al4V foams were fabricated, and their surfaces were modified zto possess nanofeatures. To prepare the foams, spherical‐ or irregular‐shaped Ti6Al4V particles were used to form the backbones of the foams, while magnesium or carbamide powders were used as space holder agents. Once Ti6Al4V foams were fabricated, oxide‐based nanotubular arrays having 40 nm diameter were formed on the interconnected pore surfaces via anodization. Results showed successful growth of nanotubular oxide arrays independent of the pore surface morphology, chemistry, and porosity content. Nanotubular surfaces induced formation of calcium phosphate minerals independent of the Ti6Al4V particle type and the space holder agent. Thus, anodized nanotubular Ti6Al4V foams could potentially induce enhanced integration of Ti6Al4V‐based porous implants with the bone tissue.
Understanding mind–body disciplines: A pilot study of paced breathing and dynamic muscle contraction on autonomic nervous system reactivity
Authors: Chin Michael S. , Kales Stefanos N.
Published: July 2019

Mind–body disciplines such as yoga, Tai Chi, and Qigong have been demonstrated to activate the parasympathetic nervous system, but it remains unclear how these practices achieve these results, whether by breathing, movement, or some combination. This pilot study establishes a model to examine the individual and combined effects of paced breathing and rhythmic skeletal muscle contraction on the activation of the parasympathetic system during a cognitive stressor. Male participants were randomly assigned to one of four preconditioning groups: (a) paced breathing alone, (b) alternating upper extremity muscle contractions, (c) paced breathing synchronized with alternating contractions, or (d) a neutral control task. Autonomic response was assessed by heart rate variability during a standardized cognitive stressor. The alternating contraction group had 71.7% higher activation of parasympathetic signal over respiration alone (p < .001). Alternating contractions synchronized with breathing demonstrated 150% higher parasympathetic activation than control (p < .0001). Comparing the contraction alone and synchronized groups, the synchronized group demonstrated 45.9% higher parasympathetic response during a cognitive stressor (p < .001). In conclusion, paced breathing synchronized with rhythmic muscle contraction leads to more resilient activation of the parasympathetic response than either alternating contractions or breathing alone, which may help explain the stress reducing benefits of mind–body disciplines.
Solution‐Processable Carbon Nitride Polymers for Photoelectrochemical Applications
Authors: Karjule Neeta , Phatake Ravindra , Volokh Michael , Hod Idan , Shalom Menny
Published: July 2019

A general and straightforward synthesis of a series of solution‐processable carbon nitride polymers is described with excellent and tunable optical and electronic properties. The high dispersibility of carbon nitride polymers functionalized with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH‐CNs) in common solvents permits their facile processing into thin films utilizing routine methods such as spin‐coating and drop‐casting. Moreover, altering the PAH group within the CN scaffold enables great tunability of their optical and electronic properties as well as a range of functionalities. This is illustrated by a variety of photoelectrochemical properties, electropolymerization ability, and photoswitching properties for the different PAH‐CNs. The easy processing and tunable properties allow the construction of advanced electronic structures, such as a heterojunction, which significantly improves the photoelectrochemical performance. The versatility of this solution‐processable platform holds promise for the applicability of CNs in new photoelectronic devices.
On shear in members without stirrups and the application of energy‐based methods in light of 30 years of test observations
Authors: Bentz Evan C. , Foster Stephen J.
Published: July 2019

In a recent paper in Structural Concrete, the authors Dönmez and Bažant explain that the theoretical background of the Model Code 2010 equations for one way and punching shear are not sufficiently grounded in theory and should instead use an energy‐based size effect law in their formulation to match behavior. To support this claim, finite element simulations were presented. In this paper the basic assumption that an energy‐based method must govern the shear failure of beams without stirrups is questioned. These questions are shown to be based on the hardening behavior of aggregate interlock tests and the inability for slip strains to localize during shear failure. In addition to these theoretical arguments finite element analyses were conducted with a constitutive model that is energy‐based but that also does an appropriate job at modeling aggregate interlock, an aspect that appears to be lacking in the analyses of Dönmez and Bažant. These new results are shown to better model the test results and confirm that aggregate interlock is important in explaining shear strength and therefore the size effect in shear for slender members. As such any concerns about the safety of the Model Code shear equations appear unwarranted.
Load extrapolation computational algorithms for energy efficiency measurement testing of high‐power and high‐voltage induction motors
Authors: Yin Xiao‐Dong , Lan Lei , Xiong Bo
Published: July 2019

This paper deals with load extrapolation methods and algorithms for the estimation of the energy efficiency of induction motors, starting from the electrical data generally available after parameter identification. The main aim of this paper is to help the readers move from the theoretical analysis to the experimental verification, which is suitable to be included in its own testing. For this reason, step‐by‐step algorithms are included in this paper. The first part deals with the determination of energy efficiency based on an original load extrapolation. Finally, experimental verification of the high‐power and high‐voltage induction motors is provided. Comparison between the values of the in–out method and load extrapolation method confirms the validity of the proposed algorithms. Compared to the direct in–out method, the error of the load extrapolation proposed in this paper is less than 1%.The load extrapolation method is mainly used for the high‐voltage and high‐power asynchronous motor. The high‐voltage and high‐power motor can be used to drive a low‐power motor to achieve coaxial twin trawling in the absence of a suitable power supply and matched load. The energy efficiency of a high‐power motor under different loads are measured and estimated using a mathematical fitting method. The estimated energy efficiency curves in the whole load range can be used to evaluate the high‐power and high‐voltage induction motor. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Boundary string current & Weyl anomaly in six-dimensional conformal field theory
Authors: Chu Chong-Sun , Miao Rong-Xin
Published: July 2019

Abstract

It was recently discovered that for a boundary system in the presence of a background magnetic field, the quantum fluctuation of the vacuum would create a non-uniform magnetization density for the vacuum and a magnetization current is induced in the vacuum [1]. It was also shown that this “magnetic Casimir effect” of the vacuum is closely related to another quantum effect of the vacuum, the Weyl anomaly. Furthermore, the phenomena can be understood in terms of the holography of the boundary system [2]. In this paper, we generalize this four dimensional effect to six dimensions. We use the AdS/BCFT holography to show that in the presence of a 3-form magnetic field strengthH, a string current is induced in a six dimensional boundary conformal field theory. This allows us to determine the gauge field contribution to the Weyl anomaly in six dimensional conformal field theory in aH-flux background. For the (2,0) superconformal field theory ofNM5-branes, the current has a magnitude proportional toN3for largeN. This suggests that the degree of freedoms scales asN3in the (2,0) superconformal theory ofNmultiple M5-branes. The prediction we have for the Weyl anomaly is a new criteria that the (2,0) theory should satisfy.
Promising results from a pilot study to reduce distress in Vietnamese American dementia and memory loss caregivers
Authors: Ta Park Van M. , Ton Vy , Tiet Quyen Q. , Vuong Quyen , Yeo Gwen , Gallagher‐Thompson Dolores
Published: July 2019

Introduction

This study developed and examined the feasibility of a culturally tailored, evidence‐based skill‐building program to reduce stress and depression of Vietnamese American dementia caregivers.

Methods

This pilot randomized controlled trial included pretest and posttest measures using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression Scale and the Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist. The intervention (n = 30) group participated in a culturally tailored, 4‐week Vietnamese‐language cognitive‐behavioral skills evidenced‐based program (Our Family Journey); caregivers in the control condition (n = 30) received dementia‐related educational materials (education control condition).

Results

Our Family Journey caregivers showed significantly lower somatic scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression Scale and reported lower frequency of care recipients' disruptive behaviors. However, they also reported being more stressed by their care recipients' depressive symptoms on the Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist compared to caregivers in the education control condition.

Discussion

These promising results suggest that a culturally adapted program can benefit Vietnamese dementia caregivers. Additional research is needed to develop and evaluate stronger, more impactful interventions for this underserved group.
Simulation of flapping wings subjected to gusty inflow
Authors: De M. M. , Mathur J. S. , Vengadesan S.
Published: July 2019

Ornithopters and entomopters should be insensitive to the gusty environment during outdoor operations. Hence, it becomes imperative to understand their behaviour under the influence of gust for ensuring stable flight. In light of this, the present numerical study focused on understanding the aerodynamics of flapping wings with five different planform shapes under the influence of a spatiotemporally varying frontal gust. 3D, unsteady, laminar, and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations were solved using finite volume formulation. A canonical case of asymmetric 1 degree of freedom (DoF) flapping kinematics was considered. Horizontal and vertical force patterns in constant and gusty inflow conditions were numerically computed and compared. Findings were analyzed quantitatively by comparing the differences in the instantaneous force patterns, ordinal scoring approach, and phase space plots. Qualitative comparisons were made based on plots of vortex structures and surface pressure contours for constant and gusty inflow conditions for wings with different planform shapes. Spanwise Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS) of all the five wings were also compared. Studies revealed that the elliptical wing exhibited low sensitivity and inverse semi-elliptical wing exhibited high sensitivity to the gusty inflow. Rectangular, triangular and semi-elliptical shaped wings were moderately sensitive to the gusty inflow. This finding, within the limitations of the flapping kinematics and simulation conditions considered for the present study, supported the fact that many natural flyers like forest raptors, non-migratory passerines, pheasants, and partridges have adopted elliptical wing planform for efficient flight.
Opportunities for strengthening CTSA evaluation
Authors: Patel Tanha , Rainwater Julie , Trochim William M. , Elworth Julie T. , Scholl Linda , Dave Gaurav ,   the Members of the CTSA Evaluation Guidelines Working Group
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the article is to describe the progress of the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program to address the evaluation-related recommendations made by the 2013 Institute of Medicine’s review of the CTSA Program and guidelines published in CTS Journal the same year (Trochim et al., Clinical and Translational Science 2013; 6(4): 303–309). We utilize data from a 2018 national survey of evaluators administered to all 64 CTSA hubs and a content analysis of the role of evaluation in the CTSA Program Funding Opportunity Announcements to document progress. We present four new opportunities for further strengthening CTSA evaluation efforts: (1) continue to build the collaborative evaluation infrastructure at local and national levels; (2) make better use of existing data; (3) strengthen and augment the common metrics initiative; and (4) pursue internal and external opportunities to evaluate the CTSA program at the national level. This article will be of significant interest to the funders of the CTSA Program and the multiple stakeholders in the larger consortium and will promote dialog from the broad range of CTSA stakeholders about further strengthening the CTSA Program’s evaluation.
Spatial Variability of Human Health Impacts: Application to a Biorefinery Process Implementation
Authors: Bratec Florian , Bratec Tatiana , Marty Pauline , Troussier Nadege , Diaz-Pichardo Rene
Published: July 2019

More and more attention is paid nowadays to the human health concerns, associated with environmental problems arising from the fossil fuel use. The world scientific community offers new alternatives that, despite being more environmentally friendly, require an analysis of their potential environmental impacts. For example, biorefineries are becoming increasingly widespread nowadays offering a large gamma of bio-based products. However, it is necessary to take into account what potential effects such facility may have on the human health, depending on its geographical location since different territories may be more or less sensitive to its installation. Our study describes a new bioprocess implementation in terms of impact on human health through three countries: France, Belgium or China. In order to understand what territory can be more appropriate to the industrial process installation in terms of its effects on the human health, we propose to use the spatialized life-cycle analysis methodology.
Coordination in Design Teams as a Lens to Identifying Team Roles
Authors: Collopy Arianne X. , Li Chengxi , Liu Tianyi , Adar Eytan , Papalambros Panos Y.
Published: July 2019

Coordination in system design requires an interplay between different roles. In this work, we identify five design team roles that pertain to the partitioning and coordination of distributed design team tasks. The proposed characterization is based on self-reported responsibilities and communication behaviors from 109 student designers in 22 teams at the conclusion of a semester-long design project. The self-reports capture both how team members viewed their own work as well as communication patterns between team members. We leverage two representations of this data. Through text analysis, we identify keywords describing team member roles and responsibilities. Social network analysis can further distinguish roles based on team communication behaviors. Cluster analysis on both types of data identifies groups of individuals with similar characteristics. The resulting five clusters capture common roles in system design teams that simultaneously capture the diverse responsibilities and communication patterns.
How a Better Understanding of Relation can Increase Responsibility between Stakeholders?
Authors: Bolifraud Sylvain , Stal-Le Cardinal Julie
Published: July 2019

Construction projects are complex and subject to a lot of conflicts. The misunderstanding between actors is one cause of these conflicts. To understand actor's interrelation is fundamental.

In this paper, we used FAcT Miror method to analyse the relation between the two main actors, Owner and Contractor. Based on the method we built a survey about Fears, Attractiveness and Temptations of treason of each actor, The Miror effect of the method allows us to evaluate what is the thought of an actor about the other and to measure differences between actors' thought on a specific aspect of the relation. Our results allow us to have a better understanding of the relation between Owners and Contractors on a construction project. Moreover, we point out specific aspects of the relation which need to be studied to improve the understanding.
Connecting Functional and Geometrical Representations to Support the Evaluation of Design Alternatives for Aerospace Components
Authors: Müller Jakob R. , Panarotto Massimo , Isaksson Ola
Published: July 2019

Novel product concepts are often down-selected in favour of the incremental development of available designs. This can be attributed to the fact that for the development of a new product, simulations and analysis based on high-fidelity CAD models are required, which are expensive to create. To solve this problem, the use of a function model (FM) as intermediate step between ideation and embodiment is suggested.

The approach has been examined in a case study with an aerospace company for the development of a turbine rear assembly, using multiple workshops and interviews with practitioners from the company. A multitude of novel solutions, even extending the functionality of the legacy design, were captured. The FM approach proved to support the representation, analysis, and configuration of 102 different concepts. Although supported by the FM model, the embodiment still showed to be a bottle neck for further development. The subsequent interviews with practitioners showed that the benefits of the approach were seen, but experienced as too complex.

Further work will concern a more systematic connection between the FM and CAD model, in order to automate of the embodiment process.
Different Approaches to Democratise Design - Are they Equal?
Authors: Goudswaard Mark , Forbes Hannah , Kent Lee , Snider Chris , Hicks Ben
Published: July 2019

The democratisation of design permits greater stakeholder involvement in what has traditionally been a domain reserved for experts; the design process itself. This is enabled by technological advances in fields such as 3D printing, virtual reality and high-speed peer to peer communication technologies which have fuelled the development of new and innovative design methods. This paper compares and contrasts different approaches to the democratisation of design, and in particular, those that aim to involve wider stakeholders in the design process itself. Three different approaches(design by play, design by generation and crowdsourcing for design) are defined and contextualised within existing design frameworks and their respective suitabilities to democratise different design phases are considered. An exemplar use case of each approach is presented in order to assess how stakeholder engagement is affected by each democratising strategy. The discussion compares and contrasts the approaches with respect to their applicability and utility for different stages of the design process and how the power dynamics of the design process are altered when the different approaches are employed.
Extended Sequence Modelling in Design Engineering – Gaining and Documenting Knowledge about Embodiment Function Relations with the C&C2-Approach
Authors: Matthiesen Sven , Grauberger Patric , Schrempp Lukas
Published: July 2019

In embodiment design, functions are implemented in a technical systems embodiment. For doing so, design engineers need to understand the relations of embodiment and function. Many systems change their states during function fulfilment which complicates their relations and leads to ambiguity in design decisions. The challenge for design engineers is that they often need to make important decisions about the design before they can use sophisticated analytical models to investigate them. This contribution presents a structure for the C&C²-Sequence Model as a non-analytical model to support design engineers in modelling embodiment function relations. This structure contains four dimensions that are derived from the state of the art and preliminary work. It enables the structuring of gained knowledge about embodiment function relations and supports their communication in design engineering teams. Two development projects in academic and corporate environment are conducted using the structure to investigate its applicability. In these projects, design engineers were able to document and use gained knowledge about the investigated complicated systems.
Innovative Design Within Tradition - Injecting Topos Structures in C-K Theory to Model Culinary Creation Heritage
Authors: Hatchuel Armand , Le Masson Pascal , Weil Benoit , Carvajal-Perez Daniel
Published: July 2019

In “Grande cuisine” creation and tradition co-evolve in a rich number of ways. Great chefs still use recipes from the 19th century and may also reinvent gastronomy itself. The creation heritage of culinary Art is the paradoxical capacity to both “respect” tradition and “break” its rules. Building on C-K theory, we show that such creative heritage needs multiple and independent layers of knowledge that “speak” of basic fixed objects. These properties correspond to general mathematical structures that we find in Topos theory. Thus, C-K/Topos predicts creative design strategies that can respect tradition in different ways. It also proves a form of “innovation within tradition” - “sheafification” in Topos words- that is not a compromise and builds on tradition itself. These findings fit with the lessons of great books of gastronomy. C-K/Topos has a wide scope of validity: it applies to any innovative design that needs preserving systemic structures, like engineering systems or social and environmental systems. C- K/Topos models with a high generality how local and radical innovation can warrant systems incremental change. C-K/Topos will have implications for teaching and research.
Rhetorical Design Game for Expectation Alignment
Authors: Koskela Mikael , Pikas Ergo
Published: July 2019

While the form of building construction delivery known as Integrated Design-Build (or Integrated Project Delivery) is necessary for handling the complexity of modern projects, it raises up a host of problems due to the amount and variety of stakeholders that are brought together to co-design. Namely, the difficulty in forming a shared mental model of expectations regarding the project can cause disappointment in the results, as well as time and cost overruns. This paper is about creating an intervention to alleviate those issues. Employing knowledge from the field of rhetoric in design, and of mental models, two Integrated Design-Build workshops were analyzed to extract a set of rhetorical topics (topoi) to all such sessions. A design game was formulated around the empirical data by an iterative design process, following established design game theory. The game was found to indeed more than double the alignment of a group's individual mental models, though more testing is needed to validate this.
Specifying Process Activities for Multi-Domain Matrix Analysis Using a Structured Textual Format
Authors: Knippenberg S.C.M. , Etman L.F.P. , Wilschut T. , van de Mortel-Fronczak J.A.
Published: July 2019

This paper proposes a method to automatically generate a multi-domain matrix (MDM) from textual activity specifications. The format for specifying these activities is based on a structured grammar derived from natural language and consists of two types of activities: goal activities and transformation activities. A goal activity describes the purpose of an action performed by an actor for the benefit of another actor in the system. A transformation activity describes an activity from the viewpoint of a single actor, who receives, generates, and outputs information or artifacts. If one describes activities using these two types of activity specifications, dependencies can be automatically derived between actors, activities, and parameters of the system and visualized in an MDM. Thus the generated MDM presents an organization DSM (actors), a process DSM (activities), and a parameter DSM (flows of information or objects), as well as the mapping matrices coupling the different domains. An illustrative house construction example demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed activity specification format. The method may provide an outcome in understanding and managing complex systems.