bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Green Supercapacitors: Fundamentals, Design, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Pappu Samhita , Rao Tata N. , Bulusu Sarada V. , Nanaji Katchala
Published: December 2023

Many efforts have been dedicated to the design of high-energy and power-based green energy storage systems. In this context, supercapacitors with tailored electrode and device architectures are found to be highly appropriate. Recent years have seen supercapacitors attracting worldwide interest due to their critical role in replacing conventional fuels in the transportation sector and also owing to their promising electrochemical characteristics like long cycle life, high power density, and low toxicity. Supercapacitors bridge the gap between conventional dielectric capacitors and primary or secondary Li-ion batteries in terms of their energy and power densities. However, the basic electrochemistry based on how different types of supercapacitors work is less established. Therefore, the underlying charge storage mechanisms, redox reactions, and processes may be confusing. A good supercapacitor electrode material should possess certain characteristics such as large specific surface area and porosity, good surface wettability, high electrical conductivity, tuning of textural parameters, and thermodynamic stability to deliver good electrochemical properties. This chapter discusses the fundamentals of supercapacitors, their classification, and storage mechanisms. This is followed by a brief discussion of various electrode materials used among the different supercapacitor types and their corresponding synthesis and electrochemical progress. Furthermore, the chapter also details the challenges and scope of each of the classifications.
A review on recent advances in assays for DNMT1: a promising diagnostic biomarker for multiple human cancers
Authors: Yu Yang , Fu Wen , Xie Yaxing , Jiang Xue , Wang Hong , Yang Xiaolan
Published: December 2023

The abnormal expression of human DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) is closely related with the occurrence and development of a wide range of human cancers.
Bi-ligand-fabricated CdS quantum dots to photo-induce aqueous-phase aldol condensation for biomass-derived carbonyl compounds
Authors: Wei Dong-Dong , Mo Liu-Meng , Zhang Jing-Yu , Zhang Yong-Shuai , Duan Hui-Min , Zhang Bin , Wang Hong-Yan
Published: December 2023

CdS QDs were fabricated using bi-ligands 11-sulfanylundecanoic acid and proline for photo-induced aldol condensation of biomass-derived compounds. This work facilitated to understand molecular-level design concepts for semiconductor photocatalysts.
Photo-triggered C-arylation of active-methylene compounds with diazonium salts via an electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex
Authors: Pandey Shikha , Kamal Arsala , Kushwaha Ambuj Kumar , Singh Himanshu Kumar , Maury Suresh Kumar , Singh Sundaram
Published: December 2023

We report here the visible-light induced C-arylation of active-methylene compounds with diazonium salts via the formation of an electron donor–acceptor complex (EDA) under mild reaction conditions without any photocatalyst.
Single walled carbon nanotubes band gap width measurement and the influence of nitrogen doping research
Authors: Miao Rui , Liang Yujian , Zhou Guangfeng , Deng Yayu , Wang Lei , Deng Jingui , Shao Qingyi
Published: December 2023

The adjustment and measurement of the band gap width of single-walled carbon nanotubes are crucial for optimizing the design and enhancing the performance of carbon-based devices.
High-energy-density zinc ion capacitors based on 3D porous free-standing defect-reduced graphene oxide hydrogel cathodes
Authors: Liao Peng , Yu Xiang , He Jiaqi , Zhang Xin , Yan Wenjie , Qiu Zenghui , Xu Haijun
Published: December 2023

Zinc ion capacitors (ZICs) have shown potential for breaking the energy density ceiling of traditional supercapacitors (SCs) via appropriate device design.
The synthesis and application of crystalline–amorphous hybrid materials
Authors: Lan Hao , Wang Jiawei , Cheng Liwei , Yu Dandan , Wang Hua , Guo Lin
Published: December 2023

This review summarizes the typical synthetic methodologies of crystalline–amorphous hybrid materials and highlights their enhanced performance for multiple applications.
Lanthanide complexes with a new luminescent iminophosphonamide ligand bearing phenylbenzothiazole substituents
Authors: Sinitsa Dmitry K. , Pylova Ekaterina K. , Mironova Olga A. , Bashirov Denis A. , Ryadun Alexey A. , Sukhikh Taisiya S. , Konchenko Sergey N.
Published: December 2023

A new iminophosphonamine bearing chromophore 2-(phen-2′-yl)-1,3-benzothiazole substituents was synthesized and introduced into lanthanide complexes. The photophysical properties of the obtained compounds were studied.
The green manufacturing of thermoplastic starch for low-carbon and sustainable energy applications: a review on its progress
Authors: Si Wanjie , Zhang Shuidong
Published: December 2023

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) has acquired considerable attention and many efforts have been devoted to its application in many areas, such as food packaging, waterborne coatings, gas barriers, and energy storage and generation.
Probing the effect of substituents and solvent on [Mn(R-sal-N-1,5,8,12)]BPh4: a systematic investigation of SCO properties
Authors: Qin Chun-Yan , Zhang Sen-Yu , Zhang Hao-Ze , Zhou Hua-wei , Zhao Sheng-Ze , Li Yong-Hua , Tang Chao , Wang Shi
Published: December 2023

The non-covalent interactions and magneto-structural properties of complexes 1–5 are tuned by modifying the solvents and different substituents at the 5-position or 3,5-positions on the phenyl rings of the salicylaldehyde.
Development of a novel Cd(ii) metal complex for solvent-sensitive detection of Zn(ii) and Mg(ii) with the formation of Cd(ii)–Zn(ii)/Cd(ii)–Mg(ii) complexes and their application in effective Schottky devices
Authors: Sathapat Dibyendu , Das Mainak , Das Manik , Das Uttam Kumar , Bag Arijit , Laha Soumik , Ray Partha Pratim , Samanta Bidhan Chandra , Maity Tithi
Published: December 2023

Development of two Cd(ii)/Zn(ii) complexes from mononuclear Cd(ii) and their effectiveness in acting as a Schottky device.
Sustainable and shaped synthesis of MOF composites using PET waste for efficient phosphate removal
Authors: Moumen Elmehdi , Boukayouht Khaireddin , Elmoutchou Soraia , Kounbach Said , El Hankari Samir
Published: December 2023

Schematic illustration of the sustainable synthesis of different MOFs using PET waste and the shaping of Fe-MOF into Fe-MOF@PET composite chips for efficient recovery and recycling processes after the removal of phosphate from water.
Sonochemical regulation of oxygen vacancies for Bi2WO6 nanosheet-based photoanodes to promote photoelectrochemical performance
Authors: Zhao Ruowen , Zhang Yupu , Wu Fangli , Wang Jianyuan , Chen Fang , Zhai Wei
Published: December 2023

Induction of controllable oxygen vacancies on Bi2WO6 nanosheet-based photoanodes by adjusting the acoustic cavitation intensity on their surface by a sonochemical approach with in situ cavitation detection.
Advances in colorimetric biosensors of exosomes: novel approaches based on natural enzymes and nanozymes
Authors: Sun Zhonghao , Zhang Binmao , Tu Hangjia , Pan Chuye , Chai Yujuan , Chen Wenwen
Published: December 2023

Colorimetric biosensors of exosomes based on natural enzymes and nanozymes.
Effects of bromine-containing counterion salts in directing the structures of medium-sized silver nanoclusters
Authors: Li Haoqi , Wei Xiao , Kang Xi , Zhu Manzhou
Published: December 2023

The effect of bromine-containing salts in directing the structures of silver nanoclusters was investigated, and three clusters with medium-sized metallic kernels, Ag52, Ag54, and Ag58, were controllably synthesized and structurally determined.
Nickel(ii)/Lewis acid catalysed olefin hydroamination and hydroarylation under mild conditions
Authors: Li Kaiwen , Jiang Hongwu , Dong Shuangfeng , Li Shuang-Long , Chen Zhuqi , Yin Guochuan
Published: December 2023

The presence of a Lewis acid can promote a Ni(OAc)2-catalysed olefin hydroamination reaction proceeding smoothly under mild conditions, whereas Ni(OAc)2 alone was inactive.
Substituent-controlled regioselective arylation of carbazoles using dual catalysis
Authors: Shahid M. , Muthuraja Perumal , Gopinath Purushothaman
Published: December 2023

Controlled regioselective mono- and di-arylation of carbazoles using dual palladium–photoredox catalysis.
A novel miniaturized waveguide all pole band pass filter using confined multi‐layered frequency selective surfaces
Authors: Patnaik Kalyan Mohan , Basavarajappa Gowrish
Published: December 2023

This letter presents a novel technique for realizing waveguide all pole band pass filters (BPFs). To the best of the authors’ knowledge this work is the first of its kind to confine the frequency selective surface (FSS) within a waveguide to realize highly miniatured high‐performance BPF. For the proof of the concept, a sixth‐order all pole BPF is realized at 10 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 10%. The measured peak insertion loss of the filter is better than 1.2 dB and return loss is better than 15 dB. The proposed concept yields a remarkable miniaturization with an internal volume reduction of 30%. Space mapping technique has been adopted to systematically design the filter.
Joint transceiver optimization for secure OFDMA over‐the‐air computation systems
Authors: Li Quanzhong , Yang Liang
Published: December 2023

For over‐the‐air computation (AirComp) systems, secure data aggregation is an important issue. This letter investigates joint transceiver optimization for secure data aggregation in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) AirComp systems. The aim is to minimize the computation mean square error of the fusion centre, while satisfying the security constraint of the computation mean square error of the eavesdropper and the power constraints of the sensors. The formulated optimization problem is non‐convex, and an effective iterative algorithm is proposed to solve it. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme.
Optimizing chest tuberculosis image classification with oversampling and transfer learning
Authors: Alqahtani Ali , Abu Al‐Haija Qasem , Alsulami Abdulaziz A. , Alturki Badraddin , Alqahtani Nayef , Alsini Raed
Published: December 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is an extremely contagious illness caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chest tuberculosis classification is conducted based on a deep convolutional neural network architecture. In this research, a pre‐trained network is utilized to demonstrate the advantage of using the oversampling technique on the classification of TB and compare results with recent research that used the same dataset. Therefore, the dataset consists of 3500 uninfected TB cases and 700 infected with TB. This paper circumvents the imbalance by using the oversampling technique in X‐ray TB images to be fed into several pre‐trained networks for TB classification. The oversampling technique is crucial in enhancing the performance of TB classification compared with other pre‐trained models reported here. Inceptionv3 shows a promising result compared to other pre‐trained models; it achieves 99.94% accuracy, 99.88% precision, 100% recall, and 99.94% F1‐Score.
Characterization and application of lamellar zeolite‐X prepared from kaolin
Authors: Jia Weilin , Wang Suyang , Deng Yingying , Shen Jie , Zhao Ping , Wang Zepeng , Shao Jiaojing , Wang Yuanyu , Sun Qi
Published: December 2023

A simple and effective method was reported for the rapid synthesis of zeolite X from kaolin by adding a template agent. The results of X‐ray diffraction confirm the good crystallinity of the synthesized X‐zeolite with lamellar structure. Transmission electron microscopy images clearly demonstrate the lamellar structure of the synthesized X‐zeolite. The corresponding selective electron diffraction pattern suggests that the crystal structure of X‐type zeolite is octahedral. The co‐existence and uniform distribution of Si, Al, O, and Na in the layered structure of the synthesized X‐type zeolite are detected by element mapping. In addition, N2 adsorption–desorption measurement indicates that the specific surface area of the lamellar zeolite X is 153.4625 m2 g−1. The micropore surface area is 148.8374 m2 g−1, and the micropore volume is 0.073377 m2 g−1. After exploring the influence of different temperatures on the adsorption of carbon dioxide, the research shows that two‐dimensional zeolite X has the best adsorption capacity for carbon dioxide. The adsorption and separation performance of CO2/CH4 was investigated. The study showed that the adsorption and separation coefficient of two‐dimensional zeolite X was the highest.
Semi-supervised deep learning for molecular clump verification
Authors: Luo Xiaoyu , Zheng Sheng , Jiang Zhibo , Chen Zhiwei , Huang Yao , Zeng Shuguang , Zeng Xiangyun
Published: December 2023

Context.A reliable molecular clump detection algorithm is essential for studying these clumps. Existing detection algorithms for molecular clumps still require that detected candidates be verified manually, which is impractical for large-scale data. Semi-supervised learning methods, especially those based on deep features, have the potential to accomplish the task of molecular clump verification thanks to the powerful feature extraction capability of deep networks.

Aims.Our main objective is to develop an automated method for the verification of molecular clump candidates. This method utilises a 3D convolutional neural network (3D CNN) to extract features of molecular clumps and employs semi-supervised learning to train the model, with the aim being to improve its generalisation ability and data utilisation. It addresses the issue of insufficient labelled samples in traditional supervised learning and enables the model to better adapt to new, unlabelled samples, achieving high accuracy in the verification of molecular clumps.

Methods.We propose SS-3D-Clump, a semi-supervised deep clustering method that jointly learns the parameters of a 3D CNN and the cluster assignments of the generated features for automatic verification of molecular clumps. SS-3D-Clump iteratively classifies the features with the Constrained-KMeans and uses these class labels as supervision to update the weights of the entire network.

Results.We used CO data from the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting project covering 350 square degrees in the Milky Way’s first, second, and third quadrants. The ClumpFind algorithm was applied to extract molecular clump candidates in these regions, which were subsequently verified using SS-3D-Clump. The SS-3D-Clump model, trained on a dataset comprising three different density regions, achieved an accuracy of 0.933, a recall rate of 0.955, a precision rate of 0.945, and an F1 score of 0.950 on the corresponding test dataset. These results closely align with those obtained through manual verification.

Conclusions.Our experiments demonstrate that the SS-3D-Clump model achieves high accuracy in the automated verification of molecular clumps. It effectively captures the essential features of the molecular clumps and overcomes the challenge of limited labelled samples in supervised learning by using unlabelled samples through semi-supervised learning. This enhancement significantly improves the generalisation capability of the SS-3D-Clump model, allowing it to adapt effectively to new and unlabelled samples. Consequently, SS-3D-Clump can be integrated with any detection algorithm to create a comprehensive framework for the automated detection and verification of molecular clumps.
Empirical instability strip for classical Cepheids
Authors: Espinoza-Arancibia F. , Pilecki B. , Pietrzyński G. , Smolec R. , Kervella P.
Published: December 2023

Context. The instability strip (IS) of classical Cepheids has been extensively studied theoretically. Comparing the theoretical IS edges with those obtained empirically, using the most recent Cepheids catalogs available, can provide us with insights into the physical processes that determine the position of the IS boundaries.

Aims. We aim to investigate the empirical positions of the IS of the classical Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), considering any effect that increases its width, to obtain intrinsic edges that can be compared with theoretical models.

Methods. We used data of classical fundamental-mode (F) and first-overtone (1O) LMC Cepheids from the OGLE-IV variable star catalog, together with a recent high-resolution reddening map from the literature. Our final sample includes 2058 F and 1387 1O Cepheids. We studied their position on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and determined the IS borders by tracing the edges of the color distribution along the strip.

Results. We obtained the blue and red edges of the IS in V- and I-photometric bands, in addition to log Teff and log L. The results obtained show a break located at the Cepheids’ period of about three days, which was not reported before. We compared our empirical borders with theoretical ones published in the literature, obtaining a good agreement for specific parameter sets.

Conclusions. The break in the IS borders is most likely explained by the depopulation of second- and third-crossing classical Cepheids in the faint part of the IS, since blue loops of evolutionary tracks in this mass range do not extend blueward enough to cross the IS at the LMC metallicity. Results from the comparison of our empirical borders with theoretical ones prove that our empirical IS is a useful tool for constraining theoretical models.
MAGIC: MUSE gAlaxy Groups In COSMOS – A survey to probe the impact of environment on galaxy evolution over the last 8 Gyr
Authors: Epinat B. , Contini T. , Mercier W. , Ciesla L. , Lemaux B. C. , Johnson S. D. , Richard J. , Brinchmann J. , Boogaard L. A. , Carton D. , Michel-Dansac L. , Bacon R. , Krajnović D. , Finley H. , Schroetter I. , Ventou E. , Abril-Melgarejo V. , Boselli A. , Bouché N. F. , Kollatschny W. , Kovač K. , Paalvast M. , Soucail G. , Urrutia T. , Weilbacher P. M.
Published: December 2023

Context. Galaxies migrate along filaments of the cosmic web from small groups to clusters, which creates the appearance that the evolution of their properties speeds up as environments get denser.

Aims. We introduce the MUSE gAlaxy Groups in COSMOS (MAGIC) survey, which was built to study the impact of environment on galaxy evolution down to low stellar masses over the last 8 Gyr.

Methods. The MAGIC survey consists of 17 Multi-Unit Spectrocopic Exporer (MUSE) fields targeting 14 massive, known structures at intermediate redshift (0.3 < z < 0.8) in the COSMOS area, with a total on-source exposure of 67 h. We securely measured the redshifts for 1419 sources and identified 76 galaxy pairs and 67 groups of at least three members using a friends-of-friends algorithm. The environment of galaxies is quantified from group properties, as well as from global and local density estimators.

Results. The MAGIC survey has increased the number of objects with a secure spectroscopic redshift over its footprint by a factor of about 5 compared to previous extensive spectroscopic campaigns on the COSMOS field. Most of the new redshifts have apparent magnitudes in the z++ band zapp++ > 21.5. The spectroscopic redshift completeness is high: in the redshift range of [O II] emitters (0.25 ≤ z < 1.5), where most of the groups are found, it globally reaches a maximum of 80% down to zapp++ = 25.9, and locally decreases from ∼100% to ∼50% in magnitude bins from zapp++ = 23−24 to zapp++ = 25.5. We find that the fraction of quiescent galaxies increases with local density and with the time spent in groups. A morphological dichotomy is also found between bulge-dominated quiescent and disk-dominated star-forming galaxies. As environment gets denser, the peak of the stellar mass distribution shifts towards M⋆ > 1010 M⊙, and the fraction of galaxies with M⋆ < 109 M⊙ decreases significantly, even for star-forming galaxies. We also highlight peculiar features such as close groups, extended nebulae, and a gravitational arc.

Conclusions. Our results suggest that galaxies are preprocessed in groups of increasing mass before entering rich groups and clusters. We publicly release two catalogs containing the properties of galaxies and groups, respectively.
Gamma irradiation effects on seed germination, growth and morphological traits of kemiri sunan (Reutialis trisperma(Blanco) Airy Shaw)
Authors: Ajijah Nur , Tresniawati Cici , Izza Nur Kholilatul , Dewi Azri Kusuma
Published: December 2023

Kemiri Sunan is a biodiesel producing tree that has an ecological function as a reforestation plant since it can adapt to the marginal, dry and ex-mining land. It is necessary to increase the genetic diversity of kemiri sunan through mutation in order to support its breeding program. Dried seeds of Karmindo1 and M03 varieties were exposed to gamma sources with doses ranging from 50 to 1000 Gy to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation on the germination and growth of kemiri sunan seeds. The percentage of germination, as well as physiological parameters of seedlings (shoot length and number of leaves) decreased with increasing irradiation doses. However, the two varieties showed a difference in sensitivity responses to gamma rays. The recommendation doses for the two varieties are 100 – 200 Gy and 50 – 100 Gy for Karmindo1 and M03 respectively. No morphological variation was found in seedlings except for one mutant with early branch formation. The development of this plant is important, not only as an alternative source of renewable energy, but also as one of the crops that can adapt to the threat of global climate change such as drought.
New circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna array design for energy harvesting applications
Authors: En-Naghma Walid , Halaq Hanan , El Ougli Abdelghani
Published: December 2023

This paper gives an essential contribution to the energy engineering topic, especially the energy harvesting field. Wireless power transmission (WPT) is one of the most widely used methods in this field recently to generate electricity in a clean way for the environment like the rectenna systems. The main component of the rectenna systems is the microstrip patch antenna (MPA). This is the main reason why this article proposes a novel conception of 1×4 circular polarized MPA array to operate in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at the resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz for radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) systems. The basic MPA element is a square antenna using a center slot and V-slits at the four corners combined with a defected ground structure (DGS) method. This proposed conception is developed in order to improve the antenna’s performance to integrate with a rectifier circuit for the Rectenna systems which are the most used systems in RFEH. The simulation results obtained by CST MWS software and HFSS solver show that this novel design in this paper gives good performances in terms of the reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio, axial ratio, directivity, and gain at 2.45 [GHz]. This developed MPA is suitable for various RFEH applications.
Single-wall boron nitride nanotubes encapsulating conjugated bithiophene molecule: Raman analysis
Authors: El ouardi O. , Elhadfi S , Chenouf J. , Abdelkader S.A.A. , Fakrach B. , Rahmani AH. , Chadli H. , Rahmani A.
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we investigate the hybrid systems based on single-wall boron nitride nanotubes (SWBNNTs) encapsulating the bithiophene molecule (2T) by a combination of molecular dynamics, density functional theory (DFT), and spectral moments method (SMM). The structural stability of the hybrid systems 2T@SWBNNTs is explored using Lennard-Jones potential. We computed the optimal SWBNNTs diameter for which the resulting hybrids 2T@SWBNNTs are stable. Then, we report the calculated Raman spectra of the 2T molecule and the (7,7) SWBNNT before and after encapsulation. The structural stability and the occurrence (or not) of a possible charge transfer in the hybrid 2T@ (7,7) are investigated by analyzing the encapsulation effects on the Raman active modes of the (7,7) nanotube, as well as on those of the 2T molecule.
Optimal control for wind turbine based on reinforcement learning
Authors: Chouiekh Sihame , Zoubaa Yassamine , El Bakri Ayoub , Boumhidi Ismail
Published: December 2023

In this conference paper, an optimal control method is designed for a variable speed wind turbine system. Due to the inherent nonlinearity of the wind turbine arising from the aerodynamic torque, a linearized model is derived to handle the system's nonlinearities. An online update cost function is created based on the resulting linearized model. The critic neural network weight vector is updated with the steepest decent algorithm to design an optimal control able to minimize the given cost function. To validate the effectiveness of the optimal control based on reinforcement learning, simulation results with varying wind speed profile for different values of learning parameters are presented.
A Lyapunov-Based Model Predictive Control Approach for Photovoltaic Microgrid Integration via Multilevel Flying Capacitor Inverter
Authors: El Khlifi Younes , El Magri Abdelmounime , Lajouad Rachid
Published: December 2023

In this study, we introduce a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach based on a Lyapunov energy function, ensuring global asymptotic stability for a single-phase multilevel flying capacitor inverter (FCI) that interfaces with photovoltaic systems and microgrids. The defined cost function is derived from the Lyapunov energy function, harnessing the stored energy within the capacitor and inductor. This choice is rooted in the principle that as long as total energy is continuously dissipated, the system’s states will eventually reach the equilibrium point. Moreover, this cost function eliminates the need for tuning the weighting factors, a process that can be cumbersome and time-consuming due to the lack of clear guidelines. To assess the efficacy of the proposed control strategy, we conducted simulations using MATLAB/Simulink under varying weather conditions. The results obtained demonstrate that the MPC strategy not only ensures overall stability but also delivers high-quality sinusoidal current with minimal total harmonic distortion (THD), practical low steady-state error in the grid current, and rapid dynamic response, even in the face of changing weather conditions.
Text extraction and recognition method for license plates
Authors: Moussaoui Hanae , El Akkad Nabil , Benslimane Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Text extraction from images has always been challenging, especially if the image is taken under bad conditions, like lightning and noise that can influence text detection and recognition. This paper introduces a novel text extraction and recognition technique applied to the case study license plates. The main idea of this study is to detect the license plate in an input image and try to figure out the original country of the car based on the license plate. To accomplish this task, we first started collecting images from the internet, which were about 100 images. Afterward, we extracted the license plate using machine learning methods. Subsequently, we applied k-means clustering as well as thresholding in order to segment the extracted license plate and make the character recognition task easier. Thereafter, a sequence of techniques were applied, such as resizing and cropping the image to limit the wanted area of the desired character we want to extract. The last part of the proposed method is reading the text from the image using EasyOcr method, and using the function find in order to search for the character or the word. his proposed method achieved satisfactory results in detection where we achieved an accuracy of 87%, and a recognition of 97%. As for finding the ‘word’ part, the algorithm succeeded in all the examples.
Adaptive nonlinear current controller for switched reluctance motor torque ripple optimization
Authors: Youness Boumaalif , Hamid Ouadi
Published: December 2023

This paper deals with torque ripple minimization in SRM through adaptive nonlinear current control while considering saturation. The proposed methodology for SRM speed tracking is based on Indirect Instantaneous Torque Control (IITC). Optimal references are determined offline using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The optimal current profile is generated by using current sharing function (CSF) block. The nonlinear speed and current controllers are developed using Backstepping technique. The proposed control strategy performance is evaluated using a Matlab Simulink model taking into account the saturation phenomena. The obtained results demonstrate that the adaptation of the control angles as well as the peak current minimizes the torque ripples for different operating conditions.
Optimization of the Swarm of Robots Routing for the Sorting Center
Authors: Khelvas Aleksandr , Afanasenko Taras , Gilya-Zetinov Aleksandr , Tikhonov Ilya , Danilov Albert , Tsybul’ko Evgenia , Pashkov Ruslan , Zaripov Ruslan
Published: December 2023

The article proposes a new approach for solving the problem of optimization of the swarm of robots routing in the sorting center. Approach is based on multi agent event-based simulation of the logistics sorting center on the base of event-driven framework COS.SIM. The problem of optimization of the swarm of robots routing for the sorting center is analyzed and case dataset for future researches is proposed. The method of swarm of robots routing based on path reservation by means of Dijkstra algorithm is proposed. The approach to the optimal robots quantity estimation is also proposed.
Investigation of Serum Cardiotrophin-1 Concentrations in Pregnant
Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Huseynli Yegana , Kale İbrahim , Dizdar Merve , Muhcu Murat
Published: December 2023

Objective We aimed to investigate cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) concentrations in
the serum of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Materials and methods This prospective non-interventional cohort study was
conducted with 160 pregnant women who applied to the Umraniye Training and
Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between October 2022
and May 2023. The GDM group was formed from 80 pregnant women who were diagnosed
with GDM according to the 75-g OGTT. The control group consisted of 80 healthy
pregnant women who were matched with the GDM group in terms of age and body mass
index and had a normal 75-g OGTT result. Two groups were compared in terms of
maternal serum CT-1 concentrations.

Results Both groups were similar in terms of demographic features and the
gestational week at blood sampling for CT-1 (p>0.05 for each). The mean
maternal serum CT-1 concentration was found to be 1420.9 pg/ml
in the GDM group, while it was determined as 1455 pg/ml in the
control group (p=0.738). When the GDM and control groups were divided
into two subgroups, normal weight and overweight according to the
participants’ BMI, serum CT-1 concentrations were found to be similar in
these four groups (p=0.084). When the GDM group was divided into two
groups of diet-only and the insulin-using group for blood glucose regulation and
compared with the control group, the three groups were also similar in terms of
serum CT-1 concentrations (p=0.189).

Conclusion CT-1 is an adipokine involved in the regulation of glucose
metabolism and has been suggested to be associated with the pathophysiology of
diabetes mellitus. In this study, serum CT-1 concentrations were found to be
similar in the group with GDM and the group with normal glucose tolerance.
Whether CT-1 contributes to the development of GDM is currently unclear and
requires further investigation.
Evaluation of Neurodevelopmental Screening Test Scores in Children with Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Authors: Tanc Ceren , Yildiz Ismail
Published: December 2023

Introduction Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to hematological findings, neurological symptoms, and neurodevelopmental delay. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of vitamin B12 deficiency on the neurodevelopment of children.

Materials and Methods This study included 89 children aged between 6 and 24 months without any complaints; 44 of these were evaluated in the study group (serum vitamin B12 <300 pg/mL) and 45 in the control group (serum vitamin B12 ≥300 pg/mL). Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST-II) and the Social Communication Area Screening Test (SCAST) were evaluated in each participant.

Results The mean vitamin B12 level in the study group was 206.11 ± 9.1 pg/mL, and in the control group, it was 540.65 ± 24.1 pg/mL. When DDST-II results were analyzed, the rate of getting suspicious and abnormal results in the study group was significantly higher compared with the control group (p = 0.001). The rate of the “risky” SCAST results of the cases was found to be statistically significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p = 0.003). Vitamin B12 values of patients with suspicious or abnormal DDST-II results and with risky SCAST results were found to be statistically significantly lower than those with normal neurodevelopmental screening tests results (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to neurodevelopmental delay in children, even in the absence of neurological and hematological symptoms or complaints, which highlights the importance of early detection and intervention of vitamin B12 deficiency.
Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia does not Enclose a Homogenous Population: Time for a More Detailed Classification
Authors: Cédric Schraepen , Lijckle van der Laan , Nick Smet , Anne Meulenbroek , Inge Fourneau
Published: December 2023

Objective Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Classification methods differentiate into patients with rest pain or with ischemic ulcers. No distinction is made between the presence or absence of rest pain in patients with ischemic ulcers. Our aim is to determine any differences in outcome between these subdivisions so we can improve preoperative counseling and risk assessment.

Materials and Methods This multicenter retrospective cohort study included all patients revascularized for a first episode of CLTI between 2013 and 2018. The cohort was divided in three groups: patients with solely rest pain (RP), solely ischemic ulcers (IU), and patients with both rest pain and ischemic ulcers (RP + IU). Baseline characteristics, morbidity, and mortality were analyzed.

Results A total of 624 limbs in 599 patients were included: 225 (36.1%) in the rest pain group, 169 (27.1%) in the ischemic ulcers group, and 230 (36.2%) in combined group. Amputation rates were higher in the combined group at 6 months. Mortality rates were significantly higher in the ischemic ulcers group and the combined group at 6 months and 1 year.

Conclusion Patients with solely rest pain have significantly lower mortality rates in comparison to patients with ischemic ulcers. Rest pain did not affect mortality rates in patients with ulcers. There was a higher amputation rate in patients with combined rest pain and ischemic ulcers because the presence of rest pain CLTI patients had a significant negative effect on amputation risk. A separate subdivision for patients with combined ulcers and rest pain is indicated.
Prospects of an alternative superconductor technology for fusion reactors
Authors: Seeber B.
Published: December 2023

New concepts for Tokamak fusion reactors are enabled by ReBCO high temperature superconductors, either to achieve toroidal magnetic fields in the range of 20 T, and/or by operating temperatures above 4.2 K, e.g., 20 K. The application of ReBCO tapes is challenging because common techniques for the manufacturing and quench protection of magnets, developed for classical multifilamentary superconductors, such as NbTi and Nb3Sn, cannot be applied directly. Less risky would be the use of a ternary molybdenum chalcogenide (TMC) superconductor, which was under development before the discovery of high temperature superconductors. Although a low temperature superconductor, the upper critical field is extremely high resulting in a comparable field dependence of the critical current to ReBCO. Because of the improved superconductor fraction of a multifilamentary TMC conductor, the expected engineering current density can be one order of magnitude higher. In addition, a TMC conductor has the potential for cost efficiency and a performance index around 1 $/kAm at 20 T seems be possible.
Predictive analysis of effects of water stress on strawberry seedlings using fluorescent image channel components
Authors: Si Bingqi , Jing Min , Jiang Ningchao , He Zhaonan , Han Hengtong , Chen Manlong
Published: December 2023

To investigate the effect of water stress on strawberry seedlings, a chlorophyll-fluorescence-image-acquisition system was developed. Strawberry seedlings of uniform growth were selected for grouped water-stress incubation experiments; the collected chlorophyll-fluorescence images of leaves were converted to red-green-blue (RGB), hue-saturation-value (HSV), and hue-saturation-intensity (HSI) color spaces and analyzed for water and chlorophyll contents measured at the same time for 14 consecutive days. The results indicate that the analysis and prediction of plant stress conditions can be effectively conducted using the channel components of the color-space model and the channel component ratios, which provide a reference for promoting agricultural development.
Charging characteristics of long distance accumulator for underwater electro-hydraulic control system
Authors: Tang Yang , Li Guangyao , Wu Jie , Wang Guorong , He Yufa , Wei Jianfei
Published: December 2023

Long distance accumulators are widely used in underwater electro-hydraulic control systems. However, as the working depth increases, the underwater umbilical cable becomes longer. The actual physical properties of the gas in the accumulator change. These factors affect the charging characteristics of the accumulator. To address the above issues, a simulation model of the charging of the long distance accumulator under real operating conditions is developed. Among them, the real properties of the gas inside the accumulator were calculated using the Redlich–Kwong–Soave method. The coefficient of friction within the umbilical cable is based on the Reynolds number and relative roughness. The simulation data were compared with the experimental results in the South China Sea to verify the accuracy of the simulation model. The effects of key factors on the charging characteristics of the long distance accumulators were also analyzed. The results show that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The law of accumulator charging was analyzed: the greater the pressure of the gas source, the smaller the accumulator charging time; the greater the working water depth, the shorter the accumulator charging time. The research provides guidance for the design of long distance accumulators.
Interband second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of asymmetric coupled quantum wells
Authors: Ramesh Rithvik , Hsieh Teddy , Skipper Alec M. , Meng Qian , Wen Kevin C. , Shafiei Farbod , Wistey Mark A. , Downer Michael C. , Khurgin Jacob B. , Bank Seth R.
Published: December 2023

Asymmetric molecular bonds possess a microscopic second-order nonlinear optical polarizability p(2). Crystals built from them possess a macroscopic second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility, χ(2), if their structure lacks centrosymmetry. χ(2) can be enhanced by introducing additional asymmetry at the meta-structural level. Here, we use a dipole matrix formalism to calculate χ(2) of asymmetric GaAs/AlGaAs coupled quantum well structures at telecommunication frequencies, for which interband (rather than previously considered intersubband) optical transitions govern optical nonlinearities. Using unit cell and envelope wavefunctions and considering all possible transitions between two bound electron and two bound hole states, we predict tenfold enhancement in χ(2) in previously underexplored ranges of quantum well asymmetry and coupling barrier thickness. This work paves the way toward enhanced, tailorable second-order optical nonlinearities for semiconductor digital alloy and superlattice structures.
Imaging high jitter, very fast phenomena: A remedy for shutter lag
Authors: Hoppis Noah , Sturge Kathryn M. , Barney Jonathan E. , Beaudoin Brian L. , Bussio Ariana M. , Hammell Ashley E. , Henderson Samuel L. , Krutzler James E. , Lichthardt Joseph P. , Mueller Alexander H. , Smith Karl , Tappan Bryce C. , Koeth Timothy W.
Published: December 2023

Dielectric breakdown is an example of a natural phenomenon that occurs on very short time scales, making it incredibly difficult to capture optical images of the process. Event initiation jitter is one of the primary challenges, as even a microsecond of jitter time can cause the imaging attempt to fail. Initial attempts to capture images of dielectric breakdown using a gigahertz frame rate camera and an exploding bridge wire initiation were stymied by high initiation jitter. Subsequently, a novel optical delay line apparatus was developed in order to effectively circumvent the jitter and reliably image dielectric breakdown. The design and performance of the optical delay line apparatus are presented. The optical delay line increased the image capture success rate from 25% to 94% while also permitting enhanced temporal resolution and has application in imaging other high-jitter, extremely fast phenomena.
Loading of a large Yb MOT on the 1S0 → 1P1 transition
Authors: Letellier Hector , Mitchell Galvão de Melo Álvaro , Dorne Anaïs , Kaiser Robin
Published: December 2023

We present an experimental setup to laser cool and trap a large number of ytterbium atoms. Our design uses an oven with an array of micro-tubes for efficient collimation of the atomic beam, and we implement a magneto-optical trap of 174Yb on the 1S0 → 1P1 transition at 399 nm. Despite the absence of a Zeeman slower, we obtain a loading of 4 × 109 at./s. We trap up to N = 109 at., where light-assisted collisions become the dominant loss mechanism. We precisely characterize our atomic beam, the loading rate of the magneto-optical trap, and several loss mechanisms relevant for trapping a large number of atoms.
Spin-dependent capture mechanism for magnetic field effects on interface recombination current in semiconductor devices
Authors: Harmon Nicholas J. , Ashton James P. , Lenahan Patrick M. , Flatté Michael E.
Published: December 2023

Electrically detected magnetic resonance and near-zero field magnetoresistance are techniques that probe defect states at dielectric interfaces critical for metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) electronic devices such as the Si/SiO2 MOS field effect transistor (MOSFET). A comprehensive theory, adapted from the trap-assisted recombination theory of Shockley, Read, and Hall, is introduced to include the spin-dependent recombination effects that provide the mechanism for magnetic field sensitivity.
Optimized plasma waveguides for single-stage bubble acceleration of monoenergetic electron beams with enhanced quality
Authors: Fazeli Reza
Published: December 2023

The laser wakefield acceleration in bubble regime is now a promising method for producing high-quality electron beams, which is crucial to the development of the next-generation compact and low-cost particle accelerators. In this paper, we demonstrate the possibility of controlling particle injection and electron beam quality in sub-petawatt laser pulse interaction with simple plasma waveguides with a radially step-like density profile. Fully relativistic particle-in-cell calculations for different laser intensities indicate that by considering a sufficiently low electron density for a central plasma channel to ensure both increased acceleration length and formation of a well-structured bubble, one can optimize the surrounding plasma density and central channel diameter to reach the best injection conditions and produce a high-quality monoenergetic electron beam with improved peak energy and reduced energy spread. Calculations are performed for 33 fs, 140–315 TW laser pulses interacting with a ∼2 cm long plasma waveguide. It is demonstrated that by using the proposed scheme in optimized conditions, monoenergetic electron beams with peak energies 3–4 GeV and energy spreads less than 1.5% can be obtained in a single acceleration length of 1.85 cm. The beam charge and conversion efficiency of laser energy into the beam energy were also enhanced to values around 195 pC and 14.7%, respectively.
Ultra-short wavelength of 1.7
μ
m ultrafast Tm-doped fiber laser
Authors: Xiao Xusheng , Li Lu , Wang Weiqiang , Chen ZhiYong , Yan Peiguang , Guo Haitao
Published: December 2023

Thulium-doped fiber lasers (TDFLs) operating at 1.7 μm have immense potential for multiphoton microscopy and imaging applications. However, further research and development are needed, particularly in the ultra-short wavelength range below 1720 nm. Herein, we demonstrate the mode-locked TDFL at 1.7 μm, utilizing a microfiber InSb saturable absorber. By employing intracavity filters, optimizing the gain fiber length, and incorporating a broadband evanescent field absorber, we achieve high-performance ultra-short wavelength solitons in the TDFL. The solitons exhibit a central wavelength of 1707 nm, a pulse width of 895 fs, a repetition rate of 23.36 MHz, and a single pulse energy of 1.7 nJ. Moreover, our experiments demonstrate the generation of diverse soliton states, including high-order harmonic and bound solitons. We also explore the dynamics of mode-locking through experimental investigations. Our findings establish a solid foundation for the research and control of diverse 1.7 μm mode-locked operation state, advancing the field of ultrafast fiber lasers in this wavelength band.
Warning! The negative divergence of the stress-tensor does not always yield the Ehrenfest force
Authors: Kawasaki Airi , Anderson James S. M.
Published: December 2023

It has been assumed that the negative divergence of all stress tensors in common use yields the same force. This work finds that this is untrue, and, in fact, can vary wildly. We demonstrate this for the hydrogen atom, the one-particle isotropic harmonic oscillator, and a particle in an infinite spherical well where the exact density, pair-density, and the first order reduced density matrix are known for ground and excited states without any approximation. The Ehrenfest stress-tensor is introduced as any stress-tensor whose negative divergence will yield the corresponding Ehrenfest force for the same system when the exact wave-function is utilized. Stress-tensors within the literature are examined to show those that are Ehrenfest stress-tensors. Those that differ are demonstrated by how they differ within an exact formulation. The proof that the negative divergence of an Ehrenfest stress-tensor yields the Ehrenfest force is summarized.
Optical full-field strain measurement within a diamond anvil cell
Authors: Fréville Robin , Bruzy Nicolas , Dewaele Agnès
Published: December 2023

Digital image correlation computations are run on optical images of iron samples within a diamond anvil cell to obtain in-plane strain components at the surface of the sample up to 17 GPa. The α-Fe → ε-Fe transition onset pressure and phase coexistence pressure domain can be identified from the evolution of the surface average of strain components. Strain fields exhibit localizations for both direct and reverse transition; they coincide with the approximate boundary locations of reversion variants inside the microstructure of a single crystal sample. The so-called DICDAC (Digital Image Correlation within a Diamond Anvil Cell) setup is then a suitable tool for the investigation of phase transformations strains under pressure. In addition, specific volumes that are deduced from strain out of the transition pressure domains agree within ΔV/V = 0.4% with the equation of state data from the literature.