bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating a micromechanical model for multiscale analyses
Authors: Zhao Chao‐Fa , Yin Zhen‐Yu , Hicher Pierre‐Yves
Published: November 2017

The Chang‐Hicher micromechanical model based on a static hypothesis, not unlike other models developed separately at around the same epoch, has proved its efficiency in predicting soil behaviour. For solving boundary value problems, the model has now integrated stress‐strain relationships by considering both the micro and macro levels. The first step was to solve the linearized mixed control constraints by the introduction of a predictor–corrector scheme and then to implement the micro–macro relationships through an iterative procedure. Two return mapping schemes, consisting of the closest‐point projection method and the cutting plane algorithm, were subsequently integrated into the interparticle force‐displacement relations. Both algorithms have proved to be efficient in studies devoted to elementary tests and boundary value problems. Closest‐point projection method compared with cutting plane algorithm, however, has the advantage of being more intensive cost efficient and just as accurate in the computational task of integrating the local laws into the micromechanical model. The results obtained demonstrate that the proposed linearized method is capable of performing loadings under stress and strain control. Finally, by applying a finite element analysis with a biaxial test and a square footing, it can be recognized that the Chang‐Hicher micromechanical model performs efficiently in multiscale modelling.
Multimaterial topology optimization with multiple volume constraints: Combining the ZPR update with a ground‐structure algorithm to select a single material per overlapping set
Authors: Zhang Xiaojia Shelly , Paulino Glaucio H. , Ramos Adeildo S.
Published: November 2017

Multimaterial topology optimization often leads to members containing composite materials. However, in some instances, designers might be interested in using only one material for each member. Therefore, we propose an algorithm that selects a single preferred material from multiple materials per overlapping set. We develop the algorithm, based on the evaluation of both the strain energy and the cross‐sectional area of each member, to control the material profile (ie, the number of materials) in each subdomain of the final design. This algorithm actively and iteratively selects materials to ensure that a single material is used for each member. In this work, we adopt a multimaterial formulation that handles an arbitrary number of volume constraints and candidate materials. To efficiently handle such volume constraints, we employ the ZPR (Zhang‐Paulino‐Ramos) design variable update scheme for multimaterial optimization, which is based upon the separability of the dual objective function of the convex subproblem with respect to Lagrange multipliers. We provide an alternative derivation of this update scheme based on the Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker conditions. Through numerical examples, we demonstrate that the proposed material selection algorithm, which can be readily implemented in multimaterial optimization, along with the ZPR update scheme, is robust and effective for selecting a single preferred material among multiple materials.
Approaches to improve the film ductility of colorless cycloaliphatic polyimides
Authors: Hasegawa Masatoshi , Fujii Mari , Wada Yuriko
Published: November 2017

This study described approaches for improving the film ductility of colorless cycloaliphatic polyimides (PIs). An unexpected toughening effect was observed when a PI derived from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′‐methylenebis(cyclohexylamine) was modified by copolymerization with a low isophoronediamine (IPDA) content of 5 to 30 mol%, despite there being no film‐forming ability in the homo PMDA/IPDA system. For example, at an IPDA content of 20 mol%, the copolymer showed significantly improved film toughness (maximum elongation at break, εb max = 57%), excellent optical transparency (light transmittance at 400 nm, T400 = 83.7%), and a high glass transition temperature (Tg = 317°C). This toughening effect can be interpreted on the basis of the concept of chain slippage. In this study, the PIs derived from bicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐2,3,5,6‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (H‐BTA) with various diamines were also systematically investigated to evaluate the potential of H‐BTA‐derived systems. The combinations of H‐BTA with ether‐containing diamines led to highly tough PI films (εb max > 100%) with very high Tgs, strongly contrasting with the results of an earlier study. The observed excellent properties are related to the steric structure of H‐BTA. Our interest also extended to the solution processability. A copolyimide derived from H‐BTA with a sulfone‐containing diamine and an ether‐containing diamine achieved a very high optical transparency (T400 = 86.8%), a very high Tg (313°C), and good ductility (εb max = 51%) while maintaining solution processability. Thus, these approaches enabled us to dramatically improve the ductility of cycloaliphatic PI films that have, to date, been considered brittle.
Simultaneously improving the flame retardancy and mechanical properties for polyamide 6/aluminum diethylphosphinate composites by incorporating of 1,3,5‐triglycidyl isocyanurate
Authors: Ma Kun , Li Bin , Xu Miaojun
Published: November 2017

The effect of 1,3,5‐triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) as a synergistic agent on the fire retardancy, thermal, and mechanical properties for polyamide 6/aluminium diethylphosphinate (PA6/AlPi) composites were investigated in detail by limiting oxygen index; vertical burning (UL‐94); cone calorimeter; thermal gravimetric analysis; rheological measurements; and the tests of tensile, flexural, and Izod impact strength. The morphologies and chemical compositions of the char residue were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results demonstrated that AlPi and TGIC exerted an evident synergistic effect for flame retardant PA6 matrix, and the PA6/AlPi/TGIC composites with the thickness of 1.6 mm successfully passed UL‐94 V‐0 rating with the limiting oxygen index value of 30.8% when the total loading amount of AlPi/TGIC with the mass fraction of 97:3 was 11 wt%. However, the samples failed to pass the UL‐94 vertical burning tests when AlPi alone is used to flame retardant PA6 matrix with the same loading amount. The thermal gravimetric analysis data revealed that the introduction of TGIC promoted the char residue formation at high temperature. The rheological measurement demonstrated that the incorporation of TGIC improved the storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity of PA6/AlPi/TGIC composites comparing with that of neat PA6 and PA6/AlPi composites due to the coupling reaction between TGIC and the terminal groups of PA6 matrix. The morphological structures of char residues demonstrated that TGIC benefited to the formation of more homogenous and integrated char layer with no defects and holes on the surface comparing with that of PA6/AlPi composites during combustion. The higher melt viscosity of composites and the integrated and sealed char layer effectively inhibited the volatilization of flammable gas into the combustion zone and then led to the reduction of the heat release. The results of mechanical properties revealed that the incorporation of TGIC enhanced the mechanical properties for PA6/AlPi/TGIC composites comparing with that of PA6/AlPi composites with the same loading amount of flame retardant caused by the chain extension effect of TGIC. As a result, the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PA6/AlPi composites simultaneously enhanced due to the introduction of TGIC.
The role of maleic anhydride functionalized graphene oxide in improving the interfacial properties of carbon fibre/bismaleimide composites
Authors: Li Wei , Li Qiang , Wang Xiaoqiang , Lu Shaowei , Wang Baichen
Published: November 2017

This work aims to assess the effect of maleic anhydride functionalized graphene oxide (MAH‐f‐GO) on the interfacial properties of carbon fibre/bismaleimide (BMI) composites by experimental and finite element (FE) methods. Transverse fibre bundle (TFB) specimens with different contents of MAH‐f‐GO nanoparticles were manufactured to investigate the interfacial strength of the carbon fibre/BMI composites. The fracture surface of the TFB specimens was examined by scanning electron microscopy to observe the morphologies of the fibre − matrix interface. The coefficient of thermal expansion, cure shrinkage and elastic modulus were measured and included in the FE simulation. An FE analysis model was established to simulate the thermal residual stress distribution around the carbon fibre and to estimate the interfacial bonding strength of the TFB specimens. The combination of experimental and FE analysis results indicated that the addition of MAH‐f‐GO nanoparticles noticeably reduced the concentration of residual stress at the fibre − matrix interface and enhanced the interfacial properties of the carbon fibre/BMI composites.© 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Blue Native/SDS‐PAGE and iTRAQ‐Based Chloroplasts Proteomics Analysis of Nicotiana tabacum Leaves Infected with M Strain of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Reveals Several Proteins Involved in Chlorosis Symptoms
Authors: Lei Rong , Du Zhixin , Kong Jun , Li Guifen , He Yan , Qiu Yanhong , Yan Jin , Zhu Shuifang
Published: November 2017

Virus infection in plants involves necrosis, chlorosis, and mosaic. The M strain of cucumber mosaic virus (M‐CMV) has six distinct symptoms: vein clearing, mosaic, chlorosis, partial green recovery, complete green recovery, and secondary mosaic. Chlorosis indicates the loss of chlorophyll which is highly abundant in plant leaves and plays essential roles in photosynthesis. Blue native/SDS‐PAGE combined with mass spectrum was performed to detect the location of virus, and proteomic analysis of chloroplast isolated from virus‐infected plants was performed to quantify the changes of individual proteins in order to gain a global view of the total chloroplast protein dynamics during the virus infection. Among the 438 proteins quantified, 33 showed a more than twofold change in abundance, of which 22 are involved in the light‐dependent reactions and five in the Calvin cycle. The dynamic change of these proteins indicates that light‐dependent reactions are down‐accumulated, and the Calvin cycle was up‐accumulated during virus infection. In addition to the proteins involved in photosynthesis, tubulin was up‐accumulated in virus‐infected plant, which might contribute to the autophagic process during plant infection. In conclusion, this extensive proteomic investigation on intact chloroplasts of virus‐infected tobacco leaves provided some important novel information on chlorosis mechanisms induced by virus infection.
Inhibition of larval growth and adult fecundity in Asian long‐horned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) exposed to azadirachtins under quarantine laboratory conditions
Authors: Thompson Dean G , Tonon Amanda , Beltran Eduardo , Hernandez Felix
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

The Asian long‐horned beetle [ALB; Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)] is an invasive, wood‐boring insect posing significant economic and ecological threats to the deciduous forests of North America. An efficacious and environmentally acceptable chemical control technique is a requirement of a comprehensive, integrated response strategy.

RESULTS

Results of this study demonstrate statistically significant, concentration‐dependent effects of azadirachtins, a family of natural compounds derived from the neem tree, on both ALB larval and adult life stages. Growth inhibitory effects on ALB larvae were greatest on early life stages. Significant effects on adults included inhibition of female feeding, oviposition effort and fecundity for adults exposed to azadirachtins via maturation feeding on systemically loaded twigs.

CONCLUSION

These quarantine laboratory experiments verify multi‐mechanistic, deleterious effects on both larval and adult life stages of ALB, an exotic, invasive insect pest of critical importance in North America. Field efficacy studies are required to further understand dose acquisition by larval and adult ALB life stages following systemic injections to host trees under semi‐operational use scenarios. Such studies could also be used to test postulates regarding optimal deployment strategies to meet objectives such as slowing the spread of this pest and protection of high‐value deciduous forest resources. © 2017 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Pest Management Science © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
First insights into insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti and partial biochemical characterization of a novel low molecular mass chymotrypsin‐trypsin inhibitor purified from Lonchocarpus sericeus seeds
Authors: Almeida Filho Luiz CP , Tabosa Pedro MS , Hissa Denise C , Vasconcelos Ilka M , Carvalho Ana FU
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Arboviroses such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya represent a serious public health issue as a consequence of the absence of approved vaccines or specific antiviral drugs against the arboviruses that cause them. One way to prevent these diseases is by combating the vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera), which has serine proteases in the midgut. Protease inhibitors are molecules that can block enzyme activity, impairing digestion and nutrition, which can lead to death. Thus, we purified and characterized a novel chymotrypsin‐trypsin inhibitor (LsCTI) from Lonchocarpus sericeus seeds and investigated its effect upon Ae. aegypti egg hatching, larval development and digestive proteases.

RESULTS

LsCTI showed a single protein band in sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and the molecular mass determined by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) was 8870.45 Da. Kinetics analyses revealed a noncompetitive type of inhibition and low inhibition constant (Ki) for chymotrypsin (8.24 x 10‐8 m). The thermal resistance was remarkable, even at 100 °C for 180 min. The inhibitor concentration required for 50‐percent enzyme inhibition (IC50) of LsCTI was 4.7 x 10‐7 m for Ae. aegypti midgut larval enzymes. LsCTI did not affect egg hatchability at 0.3 mg mL‐1, but caused a high larval mortality rate (77%) and delayed development (37%).

CONCLUSIONS

LsCTI is a novel protease inhibitor with remarkable biochemical characteristics and is a potential tool to control Ae. aegypti development. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Comprehensive evaluation of the role of soy and isoflavone supplementation in humans and animals over the past two decades
Authors: Xiao Yunqi , Zhang Shan , Tong Haibing , Shi Shourong
Published: November 2017

Soy and soy‐based foods are considered healthy, particularly in many Asia–Pacific countries, where soy products have long been consumed. Soy and soy‐related products have been found to help prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer, such as breast and prostate cancer. These products can also have antioxidative effects that alleviate hot flashes during menopause and bone loss. These biological and therapeutic functions are primarily due to the isoflavones derived from soy, whose structure is similar to the structure of 17‐β‐oestradiol. Despite the many health benefits for humans and animals, the application of isoflavones remains controversial because of their anti‐oestrogenic properties. We focused on general information regarding isoflavones, as well as their structure, function, and application. We summarized evidence showing that dietary or supplemental isoflavones exert protective effects on the health of humans and animals. Based on the literature, we conclude that soy foods and isoflavones may be effective and safe; however, more high‐quality trials are needed to fully substantiate their potential use.
Efficacy and safety of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F for CKD in Mainland China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Duo , Zhao Xiao‐Han , Cui Yi , Zhang Tian‐Tian , Wang Fang , Hu Yong‐Hong
Published: November 2017

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) is a promising Chinese traditional medicine used to significantly reduce proteinuria and improve renal function. However, its efficacy and safety in treatment of chronic kidney disease need to be further explored in order to promote its application in clinics. This review compared the efficacy and safety of TwHF with the placebo, conventional Western medicine and other immunosuppressive medicine in a range of kidney disorders. One hundred three randomized controlled trials were included. TwHF therapy decreased 24‐hr proteinuria by 0.59 g/day (95% confidence interval [CI; −0.68, −0.50]), serum creatinine level by 1.93 μmol/L (95% CI [−3.69, −0.17]), and blood urea nitrogen level by 0.24 mmol/L (95% CI [−0.41, −0.07]); increased the total effective rate by 27% (95% CI [1.24, 1.30]); and decreased the incidence of adverse reactions by 19% (95% CI [0.68, 0.96]) overall. Meta regression results showed that the duration of therapy and mean age of participants were the major sources of high heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that our statistic results were relatively stable and credible. The present findings suggested that TwHF possibly has nephroprotective effects by decreasing proteinuria, serum creatinine level, and blood urea nitrogen level and no more adverse reactions compared with control group in most kidney disorders. However, these findings still need to be further confirmed by high‐quality trials.
Considerations for analysis of time‐to‐event outcomes measured with error: Bias and correction with SIMEX
Authors: Oh Eric J. , Shepherd Bryan E. , Lumley Thomas , Shaw Pamela A.
Published: November 2017

For time‐to‐event outcomes, a rich literature exists on the bias introduced by covariate measurement error in regression models, such as the Cox model, and methods of analysis to address this bias. By comparison, less attention has been given to understanding the impact or addressing errors in the failure time outcome. For many diseases, the timing of an event of interest (such as progression‐free survival or time to AIDS progression) can be difficult to assess or reliant on self‐report and therefore prone to measurement error. For linear models, it is well known that random errors in the outcome variable do not bias regression estimates. With nonlinear models, however, even random error or misclassification can introduce bias into estimated parameters. We compare the performance of 2 common regression models, the Cox and Weibull models, in the setting of measurement error in the failure time outcome. We introduce an extension of the SIMEX method to correct for bias in hazard ratio estimates from the Cox model and discuss other analysis options to address measurement error in the response. A formula to estimate the bias induced into the hazard ratio by classical measurement error in the event time for a log‐linear survival model is presented. Detailed numerical studies are presented to examine the performance of the proposed SIMEX method under varying levels and parametric forms of the error in the outcome. We further illustrate the method with observational data on HIV outcomes from the Vanderbilt Comprehensive Care Clinic.
Meta‐analysis for the comparison of two diagnostic tests—A new approach based on copulas
Authors: Hoyer Annika , Kuss Oliver
Published: November 2017

Meta‐analysis of diagnostic studies is still field of ongoing biometrical research. Especially, clinical researchers call for methods that allow for a comparison of different diagnostic tests to a common gold standard. Focussing on two diagnostic tests, the main parameters of interest are differences of sensitivities and specificities (with their corresponding confidence intervals) between the two diagnostic tests while accounting for the various associations across the two tests and the single studies. Similar to our previous work using generalized linear mixed models to this task, we propose a model with a quadrivariate response consisting of the two sensitivities and the two specificities of both tests. This new approach uses the ideas of copula modelling, and especially a quadrivariate Gaussian copula and a quadrivariate vine copula, which is built from bivariate Plackett copulas. The different copulas are compared in a simulation study and illustrated by the application of population‐based screening for type 2 diabetes.
Review on Modeling and Simulation of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)
Authors: Odenthal Hans‐Jürgen , Kemminger Andreas , Krause Fabian , Sankowski Lukas , Uebber Norbert , Vogl Norbert
Published: November 2017

The exponential growth of computing power in the last two decades opens up entirely new options for numerical simulations of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF). Simulations can be used to analyze physical phenomena resisting direct observation or operational measurement even to this very day. This paper gives an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation on the EAF as well as an outlook on future fields of application, while being well aware that by far not all phenomena and literature can be used. The paper makes no claim to exhaustiveness, especially since three subjects of simulation technology have to be excluded: Process models for furnace controlling, stress calculations, electromagnetic simulations. Thus, the focus is on the fluid‐ and thermo‐dynamic furnace processes and on fundamental methods that can be applied to examine these processes. The basic EAF functionalities and selected fluid‐dynamic simulations are presented, for example, on multiphase flow, thermal loading of refractory lining and wall panels, chemical reactions and post‐combustion, oxygen injection technology, and bottom tapping.
An input‐output linearization–based control strategy for wind energy conversion system to enhance stability
Authors: Liao Kai , Wang Yao , He Zhengyou
Published: November 2017

This paper proposes a novel control strategy for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind energy conversion system to investigate the potential of enhancing the stability of wind energy transmission system, a synchronous generator weakly integrated to a power system with a DFIG‐based wind farm. The proposed approach uses state feedback to exactly linearize the nonlinear wind energy transmission system from control actions (active power and reactive power control order of DFIG) to selected outputs (power angle and voltage behind transient resistance of synchronous generator) at first. Then, on account of the linearized subsystem, the stability enhancement controller is designed based on linear quadratic regulator algorithm to contribute adequate damping characteristics to oscillations of the synchronous generator system under various operation points. The proposed control strategy successfully deals with the nonlinear behaviors exist from the inputs to outputs and improve the robustness with respect to the variation of system operation points. Furthermore, not only the rotor angle stability but also the voltage stability is enhanced by using the proposed control strategy. The simulation results carried on the studied system verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy of wind energy conversion system for system stability enhancement and the robustness against various system operation points.
ABJM θ-Bremsstrahlung at four loops and beyond
Authors: Bianchi Marco S. , Mauri Andrea
Published: November 2017

Abstract

In ABJ(M) theory a generalized cusp can be constructed out of the 1/6-BPS Wilson line by introducing an angle φ in the spacial contour and/or an angle θ in the internal R-symmetry space. The small angles limits of its anomalous dimension are controlled by corresponding Bremsstrahlung functions. In this note we compute the internal space θ-Bremsstrahlung function to four loops at weak coupling in the planar limit. Based on this result, we propose an all order conjecture for the θ-Bremsstrahlung function.
The Survival of the Secret Treaty: Publicity, Secrecy, and Legality in the International Order
Authors: Donaldson Megan
Published: November 2017

This article offers the first detailed history of the norm of treaty publication as it has evolved over the last century. Drawing on both public debates and archives of foreign ministries, it traces how, and why, secret treaties have persisted, even in liberal democracies. It challenges assumptions of ever-greater transparency over time, and complicates the associations made—by interwar reformers and international lawyers today—between the norm of treaty publication and ideals of legality in the international order.
A Consensus Statement About Therapeutic Residential Care for Children and Youth -
Residential Treatment for Children and Youth (2016), 33, 2, 89–106. Publisher: Taylor and Francis.
Authors: Ainsworth Frank , Whittaker James K.
Published: November 2017

In April 2016, an international work group on therapeutic residential care (TRC) met at Loughborough University in England (see Appendix A for the list of 32 participants from 11 countries). The purpose was to plan and endorse a definition of TRC, to develop key principles stemming from that definition and to promote a consensus statement about TRC that had international standing. Given the current world-wide discussion about TRC and its place in the continuum of child welfare services this was an important goal.
Editorial
Authors: Lehmann Caitlyn
Published: November 2017

Among the plethora of minor parties fielding candidates in Australia's 2016 federal election was a relative newcomer called Sustainable Australia. Formed in 2010 and campaigning with the slogan ‘Better, not bigger’, the party's policy centrepiece calls for Australia to slow its population growth through a combination of lower immigration, changes to family payments, and the withdrawal of government agencies from proactive population growth strategies (Sustainable Australia, n.d.). At a global level, the party also calls for Australia to increase foreign aid with a focus on supporting women's health, reproductive rights and education. Like most minor parties, its candidates polled poorly, attracting too few votes to secure seats in the Senate. But in the ensuing months, the South Australian branch of The Greens broke from the national party platform by proposing the aim of stabilising South Australia's population within a generation (The Greens SA, 2017). Just this August, Australian business entrepreneur Dick Smith launched a ‘Fair Go’ manifesto, similarly calling for reductions in Australia's population growth to address rising economic inequality and a “decline in living standards” (Dick Smith Fair Go Group, 2017).
Entrainment across a sheared density interface in a cavity flow
Authors: Williamson N. , Kirkpatrick M. P. , Armfield S. W.
Published: November 2017

The entrainment of fluid across a sheared density interface has been examined experimentally in a purging cavity flow. In this flow, a long straight cavity with sloped entry and exit boundaries is located in the base of a straight open channel. Dense cavity fluid is entrained from the cavity into the turbulent overflow. The cavity geometry has been designed to ensure there is no separation of the overflow in the cavity region, with the goal of avoiding cavity-specific entrainment mechanisms as have been encountered in most previous experiments using similar arrangements. Results are obtained over a bulk Richardson number range $Ri_{b}=g\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}D/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{0}U_{b}^{2}=1$ to 19, where $D$ and $U_{b}$ are the depth of the mixed layer and bulk velocity in the cavity, respectively. The experiments cover the Reynolds number range $Re=U_{b}D/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}=7100$ to 15 100 and interface length to mixed layer depth ratios of 2.4 to 16. Particle image velocimetry and laser induced fluorescence measurements indicate the flow regime over this entire range is one dominated by the Holmboe wave instability. The non-dimensional entrainment rate, $E=u_{e}/U_{b}$, is shown to scale with the bulk Richardson number. We find that the entrainment scaling $E=CRi_{b}^{-1.38}$ applies over the entire experimental range, with no apparent dependence on interface length. The exponent in the scaling is similar to previous non-cavity-based sheared interface flows, however, the constant $C$ is up to an order of magnitude smaller. Close agreement is, however, obtained by instead correlating entrainment with the local gradient Richardson number centred on the interface, rather than bulk quantities. We obtain $E=0.0021Ri_{g}^{-0.63}$ for data over $10<Ri_{g}<50$, where $Ri_{g}=\langle g\unicode[STIX]{x2202}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{0}\unicode[STIX]{x2202}z\rangle /\langle (\unicode[STIX]{x2202}U/\unicode[STIX]{x2202}z)^{2}\rangle$. The density interface is much thinner and therefore more stable in the present flow configuration compared with other published results for the same bulk Richardson number. We suggest that our configuration ensures a sharp mixing layer profile at the upstream end of the cavity even at relatively low bulk Richardson numbers of $Ri_{b}=1$ and that the reduced mixing in the Holmboe wave regime allows the interface to retain its sharp character over the cavity length, resulting in weak sensitivity to cavity length.
Numerical simulation of the aerobreakup of a water droplet
Authors: Meng Jomela C. , Colonius Tim
Published: November 2017

We present a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the aerobreakup of a spherical water droplet in the flow behind a normal shock wave. The droplet and surrounding gas flow are simulated using the compressible multicomponent Euler equations in a finite-volume scheme with shock and interface capturing. The aerobreakup process is compared with available experimental visualizations. Features of the droplet deformation and breakup in the stripping breakup regime, as well as descriptions of the surrounding gas flow, are discussed. Analyses of observed surface instabilities and a Fourier decomposition of the flow field reveal asymmetrical azimuthal modulations and broadband instability growth that result in chaotic flow within the wake region.
Effect of aggregation form on bioavailability of zeaxanthin in humans: a randomised cross-over study
Authors: Hempel Judith , Fischer Anja , Fischer Monique , Högel Josef , Bosy-Westphal Anja , Carle Reinhold , Schweiggert Ralf M.
Published: November 2017

Carotenoid bioavailability from plant and animal food is highly variable depending on numerous factors such as the physical deposition form of carotenoids. As the carotenoid zeaxanthin is believed to play an important role in eye and brain health, we sought to compare the human bioavailability of an H-aggregated with that of a J-aggregated deposition form of zeaxanthin encapsulated into identical formulation matrices. A randomised two-way cross-over study with sixteen participants was designed to compare the post-prandial bioavailability of an H-aggregated zeaxanthin and a J-aggregated zeaxanthin dipalmitate formulation, both delivering 10 mg of free zeaxanthin. Carotenoid levels in TAG-rich lipoprotein fractions were analysed over 9·5 h after test meal consumption. Bioavailability from the J-aggregated formulation (AUC=55·9 nmol h/l) was 23 % higher than from the H-aggregated one (AUC=45·5 nmol h/l), although being only marginally significant (P=0·064). Furthermore, the same formulations were subjected to an internationally recognisedin vitrodigestion protocol to reveal potential strengths and weaknesses of simulated digestions. In agreement with our human study, liberation of zeaxanthin from the J-aggregated formulation into the simulated duodenal fluids was superior to that from the H-aggregated form. However, micellization rate (bioaccessibility) of the J-aggregated zeaxanthin dipalmitate was lower than that of the H-aggregated zeaxanthin, being contradictory to ourin vivoresults. An insufficient ester cleavage during simulated digestion was suggested to be the root cause for these observations. In brief, combining ourin vitroandin vivoobservations, the effect of the different aggregation forms on human bioavailability was lower than expected.
Pathogens collections, biobanks and related-data in a One Health legal and ethical perspective
Authors: LAJAUNIE CLAIRE , HO CALVIN WAI-LOON
Published: November 2017

Research on emerging infectious diseases calls for a work on collections of pathogens (including hosts or vectors from which the pathogens were isolated), related to human and animal health, to wildlife or on the environmental material. In this respect, the adoption of a One Health perspective is determined by the need for a common approach to consider the collection, storage and use of pathogens coming from human or non-human sources, and particularly when the same pathogen is taken from different environments. In response to this development, our purpose is to delineate a flexible regulation framework concerning collections of pathogens from various origins or hosts and their associated data in order to facilitate scientific work and research partnerships. The legal and ethical cutting-edge research on Biomedical Big Data is particularly stimulating when it comes to address challenges related to collections or biobanks of pathogens such as prior informed consent and accessibility, Material Transfer Agreement or benefit sharing.
The physiological constellation of deprivation: Immunological strategies and health outcomes
Authors: Garcia Angela R. , Blackwell Aaron D.
Published: November 2017

Physiology and behavior are best thought of as two aspects of the same biological process, shaped simultaneously by natural selection. Like behavioral strategies, ecological conditions may affect physiological strategies, leading to changes in immunity and hormonal regulation. These alternate strategies help explain the health correlations of deprivation and provide additional pathways for feedback from early-life experiences.
Stuff goes wrong, so act now
Authors: Riis-Vestergaard Michala Iben , Haushofer Johannes
Published: November 2017

Pepper & Nettle make an ambitious and compelling attempt to isolate a common cause of what they call the behavioral constellation of deprivation. We agree with the authors that limited control can indeed help explain part of the difference in observed present-oriented behavior between the poor and the rich. However, we suggest that mortality risk is not the primary mechanism leading to this apparent impatience.
Art reception as an interoceptive embodied predictive experience
Authors: Azevedo Ruben T. , Tsakiris Manos
Published: November 2017

In the Distancing-Embracing model, an explanation is proposed for the apparent paradox that is the enjoyment of negative emotional states in art reception. Here, we argue for the advantages of grounding the psychological dynamics described in the model in established and empirically testable frameworks of brain functioning by thinking of art reception as an embodied experience guided by predictive coding.
Explaining the enjoyment of negative emotions evoked by the arts: The need to consider empathy and other underlying mechanisms of emotion induction
Authors: Vuoskoski Jonna K. , Eerola Tuomas
Published: November 2017

Any model aiming to explain the enjoyment of negative emotions in the context of the arts should consider how works of art are able to induce emotional responses in the first place. For instance, research on empathy and the arts suggests that the psychological processes that mediate the enjoyment of sadness and horror may be fundamentally different.
Transitive expletive constructions in Swedish
Authors: Håkansson David
Published: November 2017

This article discusses the existence of transitive expletive constructions (TECs) in Swedish. It is often claimed that TECs are a distinctive feature of Insular Scandinavian, but do not exist in Mainland Scandinavian. In this article, however, it is shown that such constructions do occur throughout the history of Swedish and, to some extent, still occur in present-day Swedish, although nowadays the language has none of the features previously proposed as licensing TECs. It is also shown that Swedish has a broader repertoire of associate subjects in TECs than does Icelandic. Unlike in Icelandic, associate subjects can also be definite in Swedish. The presence of TECs in Swedish calls into question the previous analysis of the licensing of this construction, and in this article a new explanation for the phenomenon is proposed. It is claimed that TECs are possible if the expletive can merge in a position structurally higher than the canonical subject position. In the case of V2 languages, this implies that expletives must be able to merge in Spec,CP, and it is shown that in Swedish they are able to merge in this position.
Kantian Dignity and Marxian Socialism
Authors: Gilabert Pablo
Published: November 2017

This article offers an account of human dignity based on a discussion of Kant’s moral and political philosophy and then shows its relevance for articulating and developing in a fresh way some normative dimensions of Marx’s critique of capitalism as involving exploitation, domination and alienation, and the view of socialism as involving a combination of freedom and solidarity. What is advanced here is not Kant’s own conception of dignity, but an account that partly builds on that conception and partly criticizes it. The same is the case with the account of socialism in relation to Marx’s work. As articulated, Kantian dignity and Marxian socialism turn out to be quite appealing and mutually supportive.
Rezidivierende Synkopen in der Psychosomatik – tatsächlich psychogen?
Authors: Schaffner Johannes , von Känel Roland , Gessler Katharina
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung. Wir berichten über eine 79-jährige Patientin mit rezidivierenden (prä)synkopalen Zuständen über einen Zeitraum von 15 Jahren, begleitet von einem vermehrten Harndrang und häufigem nächtlichen Wasserlösen, welche bei unklarem Beschwerdebild auf die Psychosomatik zugewiesen wurde. Aufgrund fehlender neurologischer Defizite und vielfältigen weiterführenden, jedoch nicht zielführenden Abklärungen konnten wir bei typischer Anamnese, pathologischem Orthostasetest und charakteristischen Katecholaminbefunden im Plasma die Diagnose einer reinen Dysautonomie stellen. Eine psychosoziale Belastungssituation und eine psychiatrische Erkrankung konnten als relevante Ursachen für die Symptomatik ausgeschlossen werden.
Publisher Correction: A shared Runx1-bound Zbtb16 enhancer directs innate and innate-like lymphoid lineage development
Authors: Mao Ai-Ping , Ishizuka Isabel E. , Kasal Darshan N. , Mandal Malay , Bendelac Albert
Published: November 2017

In the original PDF version of this Article, which was published on 16 October 2017, the publication date was incorrectly given as 11 October 2017. This has now been corrected in the PDF; the HTML version of the paper was correct from the time of publication.
Integrative transcriptomic analysis reveals key drivers of acute peanut allergic reactions
Authors: Watson C. T. , Cohain A. T. , Griffin R. S. , Chun Y. , Grishin A. , Hacyznska H. , Hoffman G. E. , Beckmann N. D. , Shah H. , Dawson P. , Henning A. , Wood R. , Burks A. W. , Jones S. M. , Leung D. Y. M. , Sicherer S. , Sampson H. A. , Sharp A. J. , Schadt E. E. , Bunyavanich S.
Published: November 2017

Mechanisms driving acute food allergic reactions have not been fully characterized. We profile the dynamic transcriptome of acute peanut allergic reactions using serial peripheral blood samples obtained from 19 children before, during, and after randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled oral challenges to peanut. We identify genes with changes in expression triggered by peanut, but not placebo, during acute peanut allergic reactions. Network analysis reveals that these genes comprise coexpression networks for acute-phase response and pro-inflammatory processes. Key driver analysis identifies six genes (LTB4R,PADI4,IL1R2,PPP1R3D,KLHL2, andECHDC3) predicted to causally modulate the state of coregulated networks in response to peanut. Leukocyte deconvolution analysis identifies changes in neutrophil, naive CD4+T cell, and macrophage populations during peanut challenge. Analyses in 21 additional peanut allergic subjects replicate major findings. These results highlight key genes, biological processes, and cell types that can be targeted for mechanistic study and therapeutic targeting of peanut allergy.
Genome-wide DNA methylation changes associated with olfactory learning and memory in Apis mellifera
Authors: Li You , Zhang Li-Zhen , Yi Yao , Hu Wan-Wan , Guo Ya-Hui , Zeng Zhi-Jiang , Huang Zachary-Y. , Wang Zi-Long
Published: November 2017

The honeybee is a model organism for studying learning and memory formation and its underlying molecular mechanisms. While DNA methylation is well studied in caste differentiation, its role in learning and memory is not clear in honeybees. Here, we analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation changes during olfactory learning and memory process in A. mellifera using whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) method. A total of 853 significantly differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and 963 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified. We discovered that 440 DMRs of 648 genes were hypermethylated and 274 DMRs of 336 genes were hypomethylated in trained group compared to untrained group. Of these DMGs, many are critical genes involved in learning and memory, such as Creb, GABA
B
R and Ip3k, indicating extensive involvement of DNA methylation in honeybee olfactory learning and memory process. Furthermore, key enzymes for histone methylation, RNA editing and miRNA processing also showed methylation changes during this process, implying that DNA methylation can affect learning and memory of honeybees by regulating other epigenetic modification processes.
Chemical profiling and quantification of XueBiJing injection, a systematic quality control strategy using UHPLC-Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Sun Zhi , Zuo Lihua , Sun Tongwen , Tang Jinfa , Ding Daling , Zhou Lin , Kang Jian , Zhang Xiaojian
Published: November 2017

To clarify and quantify the chemical profiling of XueBiJing injection (XBJ) rapidly, a feasible and accurate strategy was developed by applying ultra high performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high resolution accurate mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). A total of 162 components were characterized, including 19 phenanthrenequinones, 33 lactones, 28 flavonoids and 12 phenolic acids and 51 other compounds. Among them, 38 major compounds were unambiguously quantified by comparing with reference standards. Meanwhile, 38 representative compounds were simultaneously detected in XBJ samples by Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Satisfactory linearity and correlation coefficient were achieved with wide linear range. The precisions, repeatability, stability and recovery were meeting requirements. The validated method was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of 38 bioactive compounds in 10 batches XBJ samples. In addition, the similarity evaluation of fingerprintings was applied to assess the quality of XBJ. And the results were evaluated by multiple statistical strategies and five compounds might be the most important chemical markers for chemical quality control of XBJ. Finally, a rapid and simple UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for determination of five markers in XBJ sample. This research established a high sensitive and efficient strategy for integrating quality control, including identification and quantification of XBJ.
Monitoring trifluridine incorporation in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of colorectal cancer patients under trifluridine/tipiracil medication
Authors: Nakanishi Ryota , Kitao Hiroyuki , Kiniwa Mamoru , Morodomi Yosuke , Iimori Makoto , Kurashige Junji , Sugiyama Masahiko , Nakashima Yuichiro , Saeki Hiroshi , Oki Eiji , Maehara Yoshihiko
Published: November 2017

Trifluridine/tipiracil (TFTD, TAS-102) is an orally administrated anti-cancer drug with efficacy validated for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Trifluridine (FTD) is an active cytotoxic component of TFTD and mediates the anticancer effect via its incorporation into DNA. However, it has not been examined whether FTD is incorporated into the tissues of patients who received TFTD medication. By detecting FTD incorporation into DNA by a specific antibody, we successfully detected FTD in the bone marrow and spleen cells isolated from FTD-challenged mice as well as human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) activated with phytohemagglutinin-P and exposed to FTD in vitro. FTD was also detected in PBMCs isolated from mCRC patients who had administrated TFTD medication. Intriguingly, weekly evaluation of PBMCs from mCRC patients revealed the percentage of FTD-positive PBMCs increased and decreased in parallel with the administration and cessation of TFTD medication, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report to detect an active cytotoxic component of a chemotherapeutic drug in clinical specimens using a specific antibody. This technique may enable us to predict the clinical benefits or the adverse effects of TFTD in mCRC patients.
Uncovering the impact of ‘capsule’ shaped amine-type ligands on Am(iii)/Eu(iii) separation
Authors: Huang Pin-Wen , Wang Cong-Zhi , Wu Qun-Yan , Lan Jian-Hui , Song Gang , Chai Zhi-Fang , Shi Wei-Qun
Published: November 2017

Quantum chemical calculations reveal the impact of ‘capsule’ shaped amine-type ligands on Am(iii)/Eu(iii) separation.
FromEtoZand back again: reversible photoisomerisation of an isolated charge-tagged azobenzene
Authors: Bull James N. , Scholz Michael S. , Carrascosa Eduardo , Bieske Evan J.
Published: November 2017

Substituted azobenzenes serve as chromophores and actuators in a wide range of molecular photoswitches.
Biexciton and trion energy transfer from CdSe/CdS giant nanocrystals to Si substrates
Authors: Guo Tianle , Sampat Siddharth , Rupich Sara M. , Hollingsworth Jennifer A. , Buck Matthew , Htoon Han , Chabal Yves J. , Gartstein Yuri N. , Malko Anton V.
Published: November 2017

Observation of efficient energy transfer from multiexcitonic (MX) complexes in giant nanocrystal quantum dots to Si substrates.
Flexible integrated diode-transistor logic (DTL) driving circuits based on printed carbon nanotube thin film transistors with low operation voltage
Authors: Liu Tingting , Zhao Jianwen , Xu Weiwei , Dou Junyan , Zhao Xinluo , Deng Wei , Wei Changting , Xu Wenya , Guo Wenrui , Su Wenming , Jie Jiansheng , Cui Zheng
Published: November 2017

Novel integrated diode-transistor-logic (DTL) driving circuits based on printed high-performance SWCNT TFTs on PET substrates are achieved.
Unusual phonon behavior and ultra-low thermal conductance of monolayer InSe
Authors: Zhou Hangbo , Cai Yongqing , Zhang Gang , Zhang Yong-Wei
Published: November 2017

Unusual phonon behavior and ultra-low thermal conductance.
Dimensionally controlled water-dispersible amplifying fluorescent polymer nanoparticles for selective detection of charge-neutral analytes
Authors: Shin Suyong , Lim Jeewoo , Gu Ming-Long , Yu Chin-Yang , Hong Mooncheol , Char Kookheon , Choi Tae-Lim
Published: November 2017

Fluorescent nanoparticles composed of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) block copolymers were prepared by the facile one-step process and exhibited discriminative detection of neutral explosives against charged molecules.