bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Online Resources by Patients in an Ophthalmic Emergency Department
Authors: Hwang Jodi C. , Yannuzzi Nicolas A. , Cavuoto Kara M. , Ansari Zubair , Patel Nimesh A. , Goodman Courtney F. , Lang Steven , Sridhar Jayanth
Published: December 2021

Objective To describe the utilization of online resources by patients prior to presentation to an ophthalmic emergency department (ED) and to assess the accuracy of online resources for ophthalmic diagnoses.

Methods This is a prospective survey of patients presenting to an ophthalmic ED for initial evaluation of ocular symptoms. Prior to evaluation, patients completed surveys assessing ocular symptoms, Internet usage, and presumed self-diagnoses. Demographics and characteristics of Internet usage were determined. Accuracy of self-diagnoses was compared between Internet users and nonusers. Diagnoses were classified as high or low acuity based on agreement between senior authors.

Results A total of 144 patients completed surveys. Mean (standard deviation) age was 53.2 years (18.0). One-third of patients used the Internet for health-related searches prior to presentation. Internet users were younger compared with nonusers (48.2 years [16.5] vs. 55.5 years [18.3], p = 0.02). There were no differences in sex, ethnicity, or race. Overall, there was a threefold difference in proportion of patients correctly predicting their diagnoses, with Internet users correctly predicting their diagnoses more often than nonusers (41 vs. 13%, p < 0.001). When excluding cases of known trauma, the difference in proportion increased to fivefold (Internet users 40% vs. nonusers 8%, p < 0.001). Upon classification by acuity level, Internet users demonstrated greater accuracy than nonusers for both high- (42 vs. 17%, p = 0.03) and low (41 vs. 10%, p = 0.001)-acuity diagnoses. Greatest accuracy was in cases of external lid conditions such as chalazia and hordeola (100% [4/4] of Internet users vs. 40% (2/5) of nonusers), conjunctivitis (43% [3/7] of Internet users vs. 25% [2/8] of nonusers), and retinal traction or detachments (57% [4/7] of Internet users vs. 0% [0/4] of nonusers). The most frequently visited Web sites were Google (82%) and WebMD (40%). Patient accuracy did not change according to the number of Web sites visited, but patients who visited the Mayo Clinic Web site had greater accuracy compared with those who visited other Web sites (89 vs. 30%, p = 0.003).

Conclusion Patients with ocular symptoms may seek medical information on the Internet before evaluation by a physician in an ophthalmic ED. Online resources may improve the accuracy of patient self-diagnosis for low- and high-acuity diagnoses.
Palatal mucormycosis in neutropenic children: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Devaraja K. , Krishnan Neethu V. , Bhat Vasudeva K. , Pujary Kailesh , Venkatagiri Archana M. , Vijayasekharan Kalasekhar
Published: December 2021

Palatal involvement in mucormycosis is mostly secondary to rhino-orbito-cerebral disease, but rarely can be a primary disease of the oral mucosa. This report presents two rare cases of the isolated palatal mucormycosis in neutropenic children and highlights some of the peculiar features of the primary palatal disease and management-related issues in children. A 12-year-old child, who had completed the dexamethasone-based induction phase of chemotherapy for Near Early T cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and a 9-year-old boy with a Late Isolated Medullary relapse of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who was to receive salvage induction chemotherapy, developed palatal discoloration without any other major complaints. Both had neutropenia and were on antifungal prophylaxis. In vitro staining of the discolored mucosa suggested mucormycosis, which was confirmed by pathological examination of the debrided tissue. Computed tomography, done before debridement, showed no significant sinonasal disease enabling us to proceed with the transoral approach. With the help of adjuvant antifungal therapy, the infection could be contained in both cases. This report, along with the reviewed literature, shows that limited palatal mucormycosis can be effectively treated by early diagnosis and debridement and appropriate antifungal therapy. Also, the role of antifungal prophylaxis amongst neutropenic patients has been briefly discussed here.
Comparative Analysis of Anal Colposcopy with Histology in the Follow-Up of Patients under Treatment for Anal Condyloma
Authors: Manzione Thiago da Silveira , Nadal Sidney Roberto , Gonçalves Antônio José
Published: December 2021

Objectives To compare morphological abnormalities on anal colposcopy against histology to determine anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs).

Methods This is a retrospective data assessment of HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients undergoing outpatient follow-up. The sample comprised 54 patients presenting acetowhite lesions on anal colposcopy. Acetowhite lesions were classified according to their morphology into punctation, verrucous, mosaic, ulcerated, or hypervascularized, and biopsies of these specimens were classified as anal HSIL, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), or normal. The data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The results were analyzed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, the Fisher exact test and the chi-squared parametric test. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was used and a level of significance < 5% was adopted for all statistical tests.

Results Fifty-four patients (50 males, 80% HIV + ) with biopsied acetowhite lesions were assessed. There were 31 punctation lesions, 1 classified as HSIL (3.2%; 95%CI: 0–40.0), 17 verrucous lesions, 3 HSIL (17.7%; 95%CI: 0–10.7), and 1 ulcerated, classified as HSIL (100%), and 4 mosaic and 1 atypical vessel lesion, all classified as LSIL. The results showed no association of presence of anal HSIL with positivity for HIV infection or with counts above or below 500/µl in HIV+ patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test, the Fisher exact test, and the chi-squared parametric test.

Conclusion The comparison of morphological findings on anal colposcopy against histology revealed no morphological pattern suggesting anal HSIL.
The Impact of Group Prenatal Care on Interpregnancy Interval
Authors: Keller Justine M. , Norton Jessica A. , Zhang Fan , Paul Rachel , Madden Tessa , Raghuraman Nandini , Stout Molly J. , Carter Ebony B.
Published: December 2021

Objective To evaluate whether participation in CenteringPregnancy group prenatal care is associated with decreased risk of an interpregnancy interval (IPI) ≤6 months.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women enrolled in Missouri Medicaid from 2007 to 2014 using maternal Medicaid data linked to infant birth certificate records. Inclusion criteria were women ≥11 years old, ≥1 viable singleton delivery during the study period, residency in St. Louis city or county, and ≥2 prenatal visits. The primary outcome was an IPI ≤6 months. Secondary outcomes included IPI ≤12 months, IPI ≤18 months, postpartum long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) uptake, and postpartum LARC or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) uptake. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Backward stepwise logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders including maternal age, race, obesity, nulliparity, marital status, diabetes, hypertension, prior preterm birth, and maternal education.

Results Of the 54,968 pregnancies meeting inclusion criteria, 1,550 (3%) participated in CenteringPregnancy. CenteringPregnancy participants were less likely to have an IPI ≤6 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47–0.79) and an IPI ≤12 months (aOR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62–0.87). However, there was no difference for an IPI ≤18 months (aOR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.77–1.13). Women in CenteringPregnancy were more likely to use LARC for postpartum contraception (aOR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.20–1.57).

Conclusion Participation in CenteringPregnancy is associated with a significant decrease in an IPI ≤6 and ≤12 months and a significant increase in postpartum LARC uptake among women enrolled in Missouri Medicaid compared with women in traditional prenatal care.

Key Points
Infliximab for Anoperineal Lesions in Crohn's Disease: Remission Appears to be Based on Rapid Combination Therapy at High Doses
Authors: Fathallah Nadia , Cristea Cosmin , Beaussier Hélène , Khirani Sonia , de Parades Vincent
Published: December 2021

Study Aim The aim of the present study was to compare in real life the characteristics of treatment with infliximab according to the presence or absence of anoperineal involvement in Crohn's disease.

Methods We performed a single-center, prospective, non-interventional study, on patients with Crohn's disease in remission who had been treated with infliximab for at least 1 year. Patients with poor treatment compliance, on antibiotics, or those with a stoma were excluded.

Results We included 52 patients in this study: 34 with anoperineal lesions with or without luminal lesions, and 18 with luminal lesions only. Patients with anoperineal lesions were more likely to have undergone surgery (70.6% versus 38.9%, p = 0.027), had a shorter median time to infliximab treatment initiation (0.5 versus 5.5 years, p = 0.005), a higher mean dose of infliximab (6.6 versus 5.1 mg/kg, p = 0.015), and were more likely to receive combination treatments including infliximab (52.9% versus 11.1%, p = 0.008) than patients with luminal involvement only.

Conclusions In our study, infliximab treatment was initiated more quickly, at higher doses, and more in combination therapy for anoperineal Crohn's disease than for luminal damage alone. Additional studies are required to confirm this finding and to assess the tolerance of this treatment throughout patient management.
Efficacy of Mobile Phone Technology for Managing Side Effects Associated with Chemotherapy among Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Uppu Praveen , Manickavasagam M. , Jagadeesh Nalini Sirala , Babu K. Ramesh
Published: December 2021

Background To establish the evidence related to the efficacy of mobile phone technology for managing side effects of chemotherapy and improved quality of life among patients with cancer.

Methods Articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included in this review. Randomized control trials (RCTs) and non-randomized control trials (non-RCTs) consisting of mobile-based interventions (mobile application, smart phone App-based interventions or guidelines to manage side-effects of chemotherapy or mobile health services), and adult cancer patients (aged 18 or above years) as participants who were undergoing chemotherapy and received mobile phone-based interventions as an interventional group versus control/comparator group who were getting routine or usual care were included in this systematic review. Databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane library, PubMed, and Google Scholar were systematically searched between 2007 and 2020. Using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by two independent authors.

Results We included 10 trials, involving 1467 cancer patients and the number of participants ranged from 50 to 457. All trials measured the side effects of chemotherapy as the main outcome and three trials measured the quality of life as the main outcome.

Ten trials included for narrative synthesis showed a significant decrease in chemotherapy side effects and considerable improvement in the quality of life in the interventional group than in the comparison group. Meta-analysis of four RCTs containing 803 subjects concluded a significant improvement (p < 0.0001) in the quality of life.

A significant improvement in the quality of life was revealed by random effects model (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.17, −0.46) and a significant difference (Z = 4.37, p < 0.001) was identified between experimental and control groups.

Conclusion Current review strengthens the evidence that utilizing mobile-phone based technology has favorable effects on improving the quality of life by minimizing side-effects associated with chemotherapy among cancer patients.
A Genotyped Case of Townes–Brocks Syndrome with Absent Pulmonary Valve Syndrome from Turkey
Authors: Ilhan Ozkan , Gumus Evren , Hakan Nilay , Istar Hande , Harmandar Bugra , Olgun Hasim , Karakus Suleyman Cuneyt , Cullu Nesat , Kohlhase Juergen , Sutherland James D. , Barrio Rosa
Published: December 2021

Townes–Brocks syndrome (TBS) is a rare syndrome characterized by triad of anal, ear, and thumb anomalies. Further malformations/anomalies include congenital heart diseases, foot malformations, sensorineural and/or conductive hearing impairment, genitourinary malformations, and anomalies of eye and nervous system. Definitive diagnosis for TBS is confirmed by molecular analysis for mutations in the SALL1 gene. Only one known case of TBS with absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) has been previously described to our knowledge. Here, we report a newborn diagnosed with TBS with APVS and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) who was found to carry the most common pathogenic SALL1 gene mutation c.826C > T (p.R276X), with its surgical repair and postoperative follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first genotyped case of TBS from Turkey to date. TBS should be suspected in the presence of ear, anal, and thumb malformations in a neonate. If a patient with TBS and TOF-APVS needs preoperative ventilation within the first months of life, this implies prolonged postoperative intubation and increased risk of mortality.
Biomechanical Comparison of Kinematic and Mechanical Knee Alignment Techniques in a Computer Simulation Medial Pivot Total Knee Arthroplasty Model
Authors: Song Young Dong , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kuriyama Shinichi , Nishitani Kohei , Ito Hiromu , Morita Yugo , Yamawaki Yusuke , Matsuda Shuichi
Published: December 2021

Several concepts may be used to restore normal knee kinematics after total knee arthroplasty. One is a kinematically aligned (KA) technique, which restores the native joint line and limb alignment, and the other is the use of a medial pivot knee (MPK) design, with a ball and socket joint in the medial compartment. This study aimed to compare motions, contact forces, and contact stress between mechanically aligned (MA) and KA (medial tilt 3° [KA3] and 5° [KA5]) models in MPK. An MPK design was virtually implanted with MA, KA3, and KA5 in a validated musculoskeletal computer model of a healthy knee, and the simulation of motion and contact forces was implemented. Anteroposterior (AP) positions, mediolateral positions, external rotation angles of the femoral component relative to the tibial insert, and tibiofemoral contact forces were evaluated at different knee flexion angles. Contact stresses on the tibial insert were calculated using finite element analysis. The AP position at the medial compartment was consistent for all models. From 0° to 120°, the femoral component in KA models showed larger posterior movement at the lateral compartment (0.3, 6.8, and 17.7 mm in MA, KA3, and KA5 models, respectively) and larger external rotation (4.2°, 12.0°, and 16.8° in the MA, KA3, and KA5 models, respectively) relative to the tibial component. Concerning the mediolateral position of the femoral component, the KA5 model was positioned more medially. The contact forces at the lateral compartment of all models were larger than those at the medial compartment at >60° of knee flexion. The peak contact stresses on the tibiofemoral joint at 90° and 120° of knee flexion were higher in the KA models. However, the peak contact stresses of the KA models at every flexion angle were <20 MPa. The KA technique in MPK can successfully achieve near-normal knee kinematics; however, there may be a concern for higher contact stresses on the tibial insert.
Relativistic velocity addition from the geometry of momentum space
Authors: Paredes Angel , Prado Xabier , Mira Jorge
Published: December 2021

With the goal of developing didactic tools, we consider the geometrization of the addition of velocities in special relativity by using Minkowski diagrams in momentum space. For the case of collinear velocities, we describe three ruler-and-compass constructions that provide simple graphical solutions working with the mass-shell hyperbola in a 1 + 1-dimensional energy–momentum plane. In the spirit of dimensional scaffolding, we use those results to build a generalization in 1 + 2 dimensions for the case of non-collinear velocities, providing in particular a graphical illustration of how the velocity transverse to a boost changes while the momentum remains fixed. We supplement the discussion with a number of interactive applets that implement the diagrammatic constructions and constitute a visual tool that should be useful for students to improve their understanding of the subtleties of special relativity.
Dynamics of a bouncing table tennis ball from the acoustic signature using an optical fibre sensor
Authors: Jena J F , Wassin S , Gibbon T B
Published: December 2021

We describe an optical fibre-based method to estimate impact force and collision duration using time measurements recorded from acoustic signals of a table tennis ball bouncing on a table. The technique combines measurements obtained from a polarisation dependent optical fibre sensor with graphical analysis and kinetics through numerical calculations. The presented coefficient of restitution (COR), collision time, impact force, and elastic deformation during each bounce of the table tennis ball were obtained using corresponding time series measurements and numerical analysis. A peak impact force of 38.4 N was estimated for a ball of mass 2.83 g and 39.7 mm diameter dropped from a height of 31.5 cm. The impact duration for the associated bounce was 0.68 ms with a centre of gravity shift of 0.40 mm and COR of 0.88. While the observed results are unique to the ball and table surface, the approach is an attempt to fully quantify collision parameters from basic measurement and instrumentation applicable to undergraduate students. The sensor developed in this paper finds application in sports performance monitoring, infrastructural health early warning systems and pressure sensitive manufacturing processes.
Probing the effect on student conceptual understanding due to a forced mid-semester transition to online teaching
Authors: Carleschi Emanuela , Chrysostomou Anna , Cornell Alan S , Naylor Wade
Published: December 2021

The force concept inventory (FCI) can be used as an assessment tool to measure conceptual gains in a cohort of students. The FCI uses a conceptions/ ‘misconceptions’ lens rather than a context dependent perspective, such as ‘knowledge-in-pieces’. In this study it was given to first year students (N = 256 students) pre- and post-mechanics lectures, at the University of Johannesburg. From these results we examine the effect of switching mid-semester from traditional classes to online classes, as imposed by the COVID-19 lockdown in South Africa. Overall results indicate no appreciable difference of gain, when bench-marked against previous studies using this assessment tool. When compared with 2019 grades, the 2020 semester grades do not appear to be greatly affected. Furthermore, statistical analyses also indicate a gender difference in mean gains in favour of females at the 95% significance level (for paired data, N = 48).
Pre-service physics teachers’ mental models about the electric field
Authors: Dinçer Tuğbanur , Özcan Özgür
Published: December 2021

This paper identifies pre-service physics teachers’ mental models of the concept of the electric field. The models were determined by means of five contexts all of which were supported with sets of experiments. The contexts examined were (1) the effect of the electric field on the insulator, (2) the comparison of the conductor and insulator in the electric field, (3) the effect of the electric field on the neutral conductor and insulator, (4) the effect of the electric field on the conductor liquid, and (5) the effect of the conductor and insulators materials forming a closed surface on the electric field. Semi-structured interviews related to the contexts were conducted with the 22 pre-service physics teachers. The data collected throughout the interviews were put to content analysis and thus, the pre-service teachers’ mental models were identified. In total, six mental models were identified. One model was a scientific model (scientific model of the electric field) and five of which were unscientific models (magnetic-based field model, mechanical wave model, material independent field model, force-free field model and force-based field model) were identified. It became apparent as a result of document analysis that several unscientific mental models were also included in resource books. Approximately one and a half years later, almost all students were interviewed again about the contexts so as to find whether or not their models were permanent or not. Following the interviews, their mental models were found to be quite permanent and to be time-independent.
An artificial optoelectronic nociceptor based on In2S3 memristor
Authors: Zhao Yu , Yu Daqing , Lei Zehong , Cao Xuanhao , Wei Aixiang , Tao Lili , Yang Yibin , Liu Jun , Liu Zhen , Zheng Zhaoqiang , He Zhiyuan
Published: December 2021

Nociceptors are an indispensable part of the human nervous system that can sense potential dangers from external environmental stimuli. The biomimetic studies of artificial nociceptors have inspired advanced technology in neuromorphic computing, humanoid robots and artificial visual sensors. In this work, we demonstrate an artificial optoelectronic nociceptor using the memristor of large-area In2S3 thin films. The nociceptor responds not only to electrical stimuli but also illumination of visual light, showing complete nociceptive behaviors of ‘threshold’, ‘inadaptation’, ‘relaxation’ and ‘sensitization’. The features of the sensory signal such as responding threshold, relaxation time and sensitivity can be tuned in controllable manner, by the strength and frequency of the external stimuli as well as the biasing of electrostatic gate. Such realization of sensory response to multiple external stimuli in the artificial perceptron demonstrates the feasibility of constructing advanced electronic receptor and artificial human eye.
Magneto-optical properties in thin film topological insulators with quadratic momentum term
Authors: Rahim Kulsoom , Akram Humaira , Sabeeh Kashif
Published: December 2021

In this work we investigate the influence of quadratic in momentum term (Schrodinger term) on magneto-transport properties of thin film topological insulators. The Schrodinger term modifies the Dirac cones into an hourglass shape which results in inter and intraband Landau levels crossings. Breaking of the particle–hole symmetry in Landau level spectrum in the presence of k
2 term leads to asymmetrical density of states profile. We calculate collisional and Hall conductivity for mixed Dirac–Schrodinger system in linear response regime and show oscillatory behavior in collisional conductivity, while Zeeman and hybridization terms provide a doubly split peak structure in collisional conductivity for the case m/m

e
→ ∞. We calculate Hall conductivity analytically and show that for mixed system filling factor is not symmetric about Fermi energy unlike symmetric plateaus for pure Dirac case.
Diagnostic reference levels in digital mammography: a systematic review
Authors: Liu Qiumei , Suleiman Moayyad E , McEntee Mark F , Soh BaoLin P
Published: December 2021

Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in digital mammography (DM) serve as a useful benchmark for dose monitoring and optimisation, allowing comparison amongst countries, institutions and mammography units. A systematic review of DRLs in DM, published in 2014, reported a lack of consistent and internationally accepted protocol in DRLs establishment, thereby resulting in wide variations in methodologies which complicates comparability between studies. In 2017, the International Commission of Radiation Protection (ICRP) published additional guidelines and recommendations to provide clarity in the protocol used in DRLs establishment. With the continuing evolvement of technology, optimisation of examinations and updates in guidelines and recommendations, DRLs should be revised at regular intervals. This systematic review aims to provide an update and identify a more consistent protocol in the methodologies used to establish DRLs. Searches were conducted through Web of Science, PubMed-MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, CINAHL and Google Scholar, which resulted in 766 articles, of which 19 articles were included after screening. Relevant data from the included studies were summarised and analysed. While the additional guidelines and recommendations have provided clarifications in the methodologies used in DRLs establishment, such as data source (i.e. the preference to use data derived from patient instead of phantoms to establish DRLs), protocol (i.e. stratification of DRLs by compressed breast thickness and detector technology, and the use of median value for DRLs quantity instead of mean) and percentiles used to establish DRLs (i.e. set at the 75th percentile with a minimum sample size of 50 patients), other differences such as the lack of a standard dose calculation method used to estimate mean glandular dose continues to complicate comparisons between studies and different DM systems. This systematic review update incorporated the updated guidelines and recommendations from ICRP which will serve as a useful resource for future research efforts related to DRLs, dose monitoring and optimisation.
Development of electrostatic induction coal dust concentration sensor based on plate-ring detection electrode
Authors: Chen Jiange , Li Dewen , Wang Kequan , Wang Jie , Liu Guoqing , Wu Fuxiang , Wu Liang , Hui Lifeng
Published: December 2021

In order to increase the detection accuracy of coal dust and reduce the maintenance of the coal dust concentration sensor, in this paper, the electrostatic sensor of the plate-ring detection electrode was developed for the detection of coal dust concentration. Through the establishment of the three-dimensional finite element model of the plate-ring detection electrode and the simulation results of COMSOL, the superiority of the plate-ring detection electrode was demonstrated, and the basis for the structure design of the plate-ring detection electrode was provided. The plate-ring detection electrode and the processing circuit of the tiny electrostatic induction signal were designed. Electrostatic induction dust concentration sensor with plate-ring detection electrode was developed. Experiments and data analysis proved that the 1.5-order central moment of the electrostatic induction signal had a high degree of fit with the dust concentration value. The mathematical relationship between the electrostatic induction signal and the dust concentration was determined. The detection error of coal mine dust concentration sensor based on plate-ring detection electrode did not exceed 10%.
Construction of NiCoZnS materials with controllable morphology for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Tian Zi-Feng , Zeng Hong-Yan , Lv Shi-Bing , Long Yi-Wen , Xu Sheng , Li Hao-Bo , Zou Kai-Min
Published: December 2021

A facile two-step hydrothermal approach with post-sulfurization treatment was put forward to construct the mixed transition metal sulfide (NiCoZnS) with a high electrochemical performance. The different morphologies of NiCoZnS materials were successfully fabricated by adjusted the Ni/Co molar ratio of the NiCoZn(OH)F precursor. Moreover, the in situ phase transformation from the NiCoZn(OH)F phase to Zn0.76Co0.24S and NiCo2S4 phases and lattice defects via the S2− ion-exchange were determined by x-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques, which improved electric conductivity and interfacial active sites of the NiCoZnS, and so promoted the reaction kinetics. Significantly, the urchin-like NiCoZnS1/1 prepared at the Ni/Co molar ratio of 1.0 exhibited promising electrochemical performances with high capacitance and excellent cycling stability. Furthermore, the asymmetric device (NiCoZnS//AC) using NiCoZnS1/1 as the positive electrode had excellent supercapacitor performances with an energy density of 57.8 Wh·kg–1 at a power density of 750 W·kg–1 as well as a long cycle life (79.2% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles), indicating the potential application in high-performance supercapacitors.
Minimum-monitor-unit optimization via a stochastic coordinate descent method
Authors: Cai Jian-Feng , Chen Ronald C , Fan Junyi , Gao Hao
Published: December 2021

Objective. Deliverable proton spots are subject to the minimum monitor-unit (MMU) constraint. The MMU optimization problem with relatively large MMU threshold remains mathematically challenging due to its strong nonconvexity. However, the MMU optimization is fundamental to proton radiotherapy (RT), including efficient IMPT and proton arc delivery (ARC). This work aims to develop a new optimization algorithm that is effective in solving the MMU problem. Approach. Our new algorithm is primarily based on stochastic coordinate decent (SCD) method. It involves three major steps: first to decouple the determination of active sets for dose-volume-histogram (DVH) planning constraints from the MMU problem via iterative convex relaxation method; second to handle the nonconvexity of the MMU constraint via SCD to localize the index set of nonzero spots; third to solve convex subproblems projected to this convex set of nonzero spots via projected gradient descent method. Main results. Our new method SCD is validated and compared with alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for IMPT and ARC. The results suggest SCD had better plan quality than ADMM, e.g. the improvement of conformal index (CI) from 0.56 to 0.69 during IMPT, and from 0.28 to 0.80 during ARC for the lung case. Moreover, SCD successfully handled the nonconvexity from large MMU threshold that ADMM failed to handle, in the sense that (1) the plan quality from ARC was worse than IMPT (e.g. CI was 0.28 with IMPT and 0.56 with ARC for the lung case), when ADMM was used; (2) in contrast, with SCD, ARC achieved better plan quality than IMPT (e.g. CI was 0.69 with IMPT and 0.80 with ARC for the lung case), which is compatible with more optimization degrees of freedom from ARC compared to IMPT. Significance. To the best of our knowledge, our new MMU optimization method via SCD can effectively handle the nonconvexity from large MMU threshold that none of the current methods can solve. Therefore, we have developed a unique MMU optimization algorithm via SCD that can be used for efficient IMPT, proton ARC, and other particle RT applications where large MMU threshold is desirable (e.g. for the delivery of high dose rates or/and a large number of spots).
Inverter design with positive feedback field-effect transistors
Authors: Lee Changhoon , Han Changwoo , Shin Changhwan
Published: December 2021

As the physical size of semiconductor devices continues to be aggressively scaled down, feedback field-effect transistors (FBFET) with a positive feedback mechanism among a few promising steep switching devices have received attention as next-generation switching devices. Conventional FBFETs have been studied to explore their device performance. However, this has been restricted to the case of single FBFET; basic circuit designs with FBFETs have not been investigated extensively. In this work, we propose an inverter circuit design with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) FBFETs; we verified this inverter design with mixed-mode technology computer-aided design simulation. The basic principles and mechanisms for designing FBFET inverter circuits are explained because their configuration is different from conventional inverters. In addition, the device parameters necessary to optimize circuit construction are introduced for logic device applications.
Contact resistance, coupling and hysteresis loss measurements of ITER poloidal field joint in parallel applied magnetic field
Authors: Huang J , Ilyin Y , Wessel W A J , Lubkemann R , Krooshoop H J G , Nijhuis A
Published: December 2021

The inter-strand contact resistance and AC losses were measured on an International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) poloidal field (PF) coil joint in a parallel applied AC magnetic field. In addition, the hysteresis loss was measured as a function of the angle with the applied magnetic field on a niobium-titanium (NbTi) strand of the same type as in the joint with a vibrating sample magnetometer. The AC loss measurements were performed at four applied field conditions for combinations of 0 or 1 T offset field and 0.2 or 0.4 T sinusoidal amplitude. The hysteresis loss of the joint was compared with the measured AC loss density of the NbTi strand for the same field conditions as the joint AC loss measurement but with varying the angle of the applied field. The subsequent cable twist angles affect the hysteresis loss since the critical current and penetration field depend on the angle of the applied field. It is found that 15.5° is an effective angle for the calculation of the hysteresis loss of joint when compared to the single strand measurement. The inter-strand contact resistance measurements cover all the typical strand combinations from the five cabling stages of the individual conductors, as well as the strand combinations across the two conductors to characterize the inter-strand including the copper sole resistivity. It is the first time to measure the contact resistances and AC losses of the full-size ITER PF joint. By comparing the measured and simulated data in the JackPot-ACDC model, it is also the first time to obtain the accurate inter-strand, inter-petal and strand to copper sole contact resistivities, which are the main input parameters for the further quantitative numerical analysis of the PF joints, in any current and magnetic field conditions.
Optimal solution of engineering design problems through differential gradient evolution plus algorithm: a hybrid approach
Authors: Tabassum Muhammad Farhan , Akgül Ali , Akram Sana , Hassan Saadia , Saman  , Qudus Ayesha , Karim Rabia
Published: December 2021

It is very necessary and applicable to optimize all disciplines. In practical engineering problems the optimization has been a significant component. This article presents the hybrid approach named as differential gradient evolution plus

D
G
E
+

algorithm which is the combination of differential evolution gorithm and gradient evolution

(
G
E
)

algorithm.

D
E

was used to diversify and

G
E

was used for intensification with a perfect equilibrium between exploration and exploitation with an improvised distribution of dynamic probability and offers a new shake-off approach to prevent premature convergence to local optimum. To describe the success, the proposed algorithm is compared to modern meta-heuristics. To see the accuracy, robustness, and reliability of

D
G
E
+

it has been implemented on eight complex practical engineering problems named as: pressure vessel, belleville spring, tension/compression spring, three-bar truss, welded beam, speed reducer, gear train and rolling element bearing design problem, the results revealed that

D
G
E
+

algorithm can deliver highly efficient, competitive and promising results.
Self-gravitating anisotropic star using gravitational decoupling
Authors: Dayanandan B , T T Smitha , Maurya S K
Published: December 2021

This paper addresses a new gravitationally decoupled anisotropic solution for the compact star model via the minimal geometric deformation (MGD) approach. We consider a non-singular well-behaved gravitational potential corresponding to the radial component of the seed spacetime and embedding Class I condition that determines the temporal metric function to solve the seed system completely. However, two different well-known mimic approaches such as

p

r

=

Θ

1

1

and

ρ
=

Θ

0

0

have been employed to determine the deformation function which gives the solution of the second system corresponding to the extra source. In order to test the physical viability of the solution, we have checked several conditions such as regularity conditions, energy conditions, causality conditions, hydrostatic equilibrium, etc. Moreover, the stability of the solutions has been also discussed by the adiabatic index and its critical value. We find that the solutions set seems viable as far as observational data are concerned.
Driving Factors For Local Government Self-Financing Ability
Authors: Mulyani Hani Sri , Sudirno Dadang , Hakim Abdul
Published: December 2021

The independence of Regional Development in regional autonomy is the ability of local governments to self-finance government activities, development, services to the community and manage regional finances, especially Regional Original Income (PAD) and Economic Growth Levels without relying mostly on assistance from the central government. This study aims to determine the effect of local taxes, levies and the level of economic growth on the independence of regional development in CIAYUMAJAKUNING regencies/cities for the period of 2011-2018, either partially or simultaneously. The variables used in this study are Local Taxes, Retribution, Economic Growth Rate and Regional Development Independent Ratio obtained from the website of the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (DJPK) and the website of the Regency / City Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in West Java. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis method and verification. The sample selection in this study used the saturated sample method, and the samples from this study were 5 districts/cities, namely Cirebon City, Cirebon Regency, Majalengka Regency, Indramayu Regency and Kuningan Regency in the period of 2011-2018 so that 40 sample data were obtained. The analytical tool used in this research is multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that partially Local Taxes have a significant effect on the Independence of Regional Development, Levies have a significant negative effect on the Independence of Regional Development and the Level of Economic Growth has no effect on the Independence of Regional Development. However, simultaneously it shows that local taxes, levies and economic growth rates have a significant effect on the independence of regional development.
Recommending assembly points, evacuation routes, and standard operating procedures for potential flooding due to reservoir dam failures: a case study of Gondang Reservoir, Lamongan, East Java
Authors: Sianturi R S , Koswara A Y , Elysiyah I
Published: December 2021

The failures of water-retaining structures, such as reservoirs and lakes, may cause massive flooding. Located in the Gondanglor village, Lamongan, East Java, the Gondang reservoir is approximately 30 years old. Currently, the village does not have an official evacuation Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), a guide needed during disaster emergency responses, including the risk of reservoir failures. The absence of the SOP means that the community members have not prepared themselves to face any hazard that threatens their safety. This research aims to recommend assembly points, evacuation routes, and Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) as inputs for the preparedness of reservoir dam failures. Criteria used to determine the assembly point locations are the minimum space per person, accessibility of private vehicles, access to safer places, either a street or open space, minimum distance from buildings, accessibility of disaster response vehicles, safe from falls, and other hazards. The evacuation routes consider road networks and conditions, movement directions, and distance between starting and assembly points. The evacuation SOP focuses on communication flows. Community members and Gondang reservoir’s officers are interviewed, and studies related to evacuation procedures are reviewed to help accomplish the research aim. This study has successfully recommended assembly points, evacuation routes, and SOPs for evacuating villagers when the potential of Gondang reservoir failures is identified. Community members and village officers of Gondanglor were involved in the designing of assembly points, evacuation routes, and the SOP. The study has suggested five assembly points and the shortest possible routes to reach the points from varying locations in the village. SOP suggested communication flows during varying emergency stages, including the “Abnormal” (Level 1), “Alert” (Level 2), “Alert” (Level 3), or “Warning” (Level 4) status. The results are expected to increase the preparedness level of village members to reservoir dam failures.
Mapping problem using text mining to boost tourism industry: is it possible?
Authors: Tamrin M , Septianasari L
Published: December 2021

TripAdvisor has become a credential traveling platform for tourists worldwide to set travel plans. The widespread of big data in online platforms urges the use of text mining to benefit some sectors, including in the tourism industry. This study aimed to investigate the information extraction based on the online reviews on TripAdvisor for Gili Trawangan tourist destinations. The method used in this research was text mining with Support Vector Machine (SVM) to classify the online reviews that categorized into two classes, positive class and negative class. The results of information extraction show that the issue of horse cruelty, bad waste management, and ecosystem vulnerability dominated the negative sentiments. These negative sentiments need to be handled professionally by the tourism enterprise to boost the tourism industry in Gili Trawangan.
Living with risk: Kampung Apung’s adaptation to flood
Authors: Nurulhuda D , Purwani O , Musyawaroh
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on community strategy in slum areas to adapt to the flood in Jakarta that occur every year. Sea-level rise and land subsidence are some of the causes of Jakarta’s flood. Jakarta is affected by floods every year. Communities need a development strategy to be able to survive from the unpredictable floods each year. This paper aims to identify the application of community strategy as an effort to adapt to Jakarta’s flood in Kampung Apung, West Jakarta. Kampung Apung is one of the slum areas in Jakarta that has been affected by floods since 1995. The flood was caused by land subsidence and worsened by development around the kampung that ignore the environment in the ’90s. Now, Kampung Apung has been submerged in water as deep as 2 meters. This paper uses the descriptive-qualitative method. Data obtained from field observations, documents from the internet, and online interviews with the key informant in Kampung Apung. The result of the paper is to find a community strategy to living with flood in the slum area which is one of the efforts to be able to improve quality of life.
Evidences in resemblance of archaeological structures of Kesariya and Borobudur Stupa
Authors: Sinha I , Tucunan K P
Published: December 2021

India’s cultural interface with southeast Asia started around the beginning of Christian era with the discovery of monsoon which traverses a fixed path or direction with remarkably predictable timing or annual cycle thereby generating confidence of safe and convenient maritime trade from the west as well as east Indian coast. This article is aimed to seek the connections and relation between India and Indonesia through deep observations and comparison to the Kesariya (India) and Borobudur (Indonesia). Using Ethnology approaches some evidences has been found
Pain Following Endoscopic Foreheadplasty Surgery in Women
Authors: Lassegard Julia C , Dubin Bruce J , Compton Peggy , Charles Andrew C , Macey Paul M
Published: December 2021

Background

Endoscopic foreheadplasty surgery (EFS) is a common procedure; however, little has been reported about the nature or treatment of postoperative headache pain and associated symptoms.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to describe the intensity, quality, location, and duration of headache pain in women following EFS. We also compared post-EFS symptoms with migraine, described medication use and efficacy, and measured emotional and functional outcomes.

Methods

This descriptive study used an observational repeated-measures design. Forty-two women (mean [standard deviation] age, 59.0 [7.9] years) undergoing EFS were prospectively recruited from 12 private cosmetic practices in 3 California counties. Telephone interviews with the Acute Short-Form 12v2 and the Headache Pain Questionnaire were conducted on postoperative days (POD) 1, 3, 7, and 30.

Results

On POD 1, 93% reported at least moderate pain and 64% severe pain. Severe pain was characterized as throbbing (71%), sharp (53%), dull (76%), exploding (41%), imploding (53%), continuous (53%), or intermittent (41%) on POD 1. Moderate pain was most frequent on POD 3 (21%) compared to POD 1 (19%), 7 (12%) and 30 (12%). Mild pain predominated on POD 3 (40%) and 7 (40%), with 20% remaining on POD 30. The majority (79%) of post-EFS symptoms included light sensitivity and nausea, and therefore met most International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria for migraine. Analgesic use provided inconsistent relief. Functional and emotional status did not return to baseline throughout the 30-day postoperative period.

Conclusions

Immediately following EFS, most women experience moderate to severe headache pain, despite use of medications. Pain persists in many patients for up to 1 month. Headache is associated with migraine symptoms, including light sensitivity and nausea.

Level of Evidence: 4
BreastGAN: Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Breast Augmentation Simulation
Authors: Chartier Christian , Watt Ayden , Lin Owen , Chandawarkar Akash , Lee James , Hall-Findlay Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

Background

Managing patient expectations is important to ensuring patient satisfaction in aesthetic medicine. To this end, computer technology developed to photograph, digitize, and manipulate three-dimensional (3D) objects has been applied to the female breast. However, the systems remain complex, physically cumbersome, and extremely expensive.

Objectives

The authors of the current study wish to introduce the plastic surgery community to BreastGAN, a portable, artificial intelligence (AI)-equipped tool trained on real clinical images to simulate breast augmentation outcomes.

Methods

Charts of all patients who underwent bilateral breast augmentation performed by the senior author were retrieved and analyzed. Frontal before and after images were collected from each patient’s chart, cropped in a standardized fashion, and used to train a neural network designed to manipulate before images to simulate a surgical result. AI-generated frontal after images were then compared with the real surgical results.

Results

Standardizing the evaluation of surgical results is a timeless challenge which persists in the context of AI-synthesized after images. In this study, AI-generated images were comparable to real surgical results.

Conclusions

This study features a portable, cost-effective neural network trained on real clinical images and designed to simulate surgical results following bilateral breast augmentation. Tools trained on a larger dataset of standardized surgical image pairs will be the subject of future studies.