bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Versatile Assembly Systems for Large Components on the Example of the Aircraft Structure Assembly
Authors: Vette Matthias , Müller Rainer
Published: January 2014

At present, large components in airplane structural assembly are assembled with the aid of large fixed or partly adjustable devices dedicated to the relevant version. Some of the disadvantages of these systems are the limited range of possible adjustments of the handling devices and low flexibility. This restricts the assembly of different versions or products because the equipment cannot be adequately adapted to the version-specific requirements and geometry of the product.
This paper describes a solution for a versatile assembly system for large structural elements which can be configured according to specific requirements employing a modular mechatronic building block with reconfigurable handling modules (robots).
Motivation
Flow Field Simulation of Fan Nozzle Jet Used for Disc Tool Cooling with Fluent
Authors: Ren Zhong Wei , Song Ming , Liu Ya Fei , Luo Li Ying , Liu Yang
Published: January 2014

Fan nozzle is the core component of tool cooling system, but the study on spray characteristics of the nozzle is not deep enough. Solid Works model of fan nozzle was established in this paper, the injection characteristics of nozzle are simulated by FLUENT analysis. Influence law of the injection characteristics of fan nozzle was studied by changing some parameters of fan nozzle spray in the process, such as liquid viscosity, nozzle flow, operating pressure and surface tension. The simulation results show that in the case of other parameters are the same, the higher the operating pressure is, the higher the jet velocity of fan nozzle is, the jet diffusion of fan nozzle along a flat direction increases firstly and then decreases; The higher the liquid surface tension is, the smaller the jet diffusion of fan nozzle along a flat direction, but the influence of liquid surface tension to the jet velocity of fan nozzle outlet can be neglected.
Structure Vibration Shape Optimization Based on Power Flow Response Analysis
Authors: Xia Xue Bao , Xiang Yang , Wu Shao Wei
Published: January 2014

Power flow analysis is a method to describe the dynamic behavior of structures by taking not only the amplitude of exciting force and velocity response into account, but also the phase between the two qualities. Shape optimization is an effective method to reduce vibration level. By choosing the vibration power flow as design objective, a shape optimization method of structure is presented. The structure surface is restructured with a series of mode shape superposition. By using genetic algorithm, the weight coefficient of each mode shape is optimized to get the best surface shape with minimum power flow response. Some examples are demonstrated to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the method.
The Demonstration of the Generalized Kalman Filter
Authors: Zhao Ming Zhan , Yue Jie , Du Chun Mei
Published: January 2014

The generalized Kalman filter (GKF) is a method which is based on a generalized linear model. The coefficients of the linear model are fixed, and are not needed to be distinguished on-line or predefined. The GKF can be used to estimate the real-time estate of the continuous system, especially; the GKF can be used to estimate the estate of the mobile objective. The GKF is based on the minimum mean-square error. The recursive formula of the generalized kalman filter was also presented. Different from the EKF published on the magazines, the GKF doesn’t need to build the system model, so its ability of calculate and accuracy is improved.
A Prototype of Calligraphy Application Design for Students on Tablet Computer
Authors: Damkliang Kasikrit , Nanphan Pakkaton , Mamodee Tanida
Published: January 2014

This paper proposes an architectural design of a prototype for handwriting practice application for pre-primary school students, 4 to 6 years old, on Android tablet computer. The application provides mechanisms for alphabets validation and score calculation. The application also provides handwriting tutorial animation for motivating the students.
Loudness Calculation and its Application Based on Moore Model
Authors: Yao Wu , Tao Feng , Song Jun Long , Ran Li
Published: January 2014

Loudness describes the sound intensity sensations of the human hearing. A study about loudness calculation which is based on the Moore model shows us that starting from the mechanism of human`s ear, the basic principle and calculation skills of algorithm have been researched. By using Matlab to optimize the algorithm, the specific loudness curve and loudness level of any audio file can be calculated; equal-loudness curve by using Steffensen method is calculated compared with that from the acoustic standard, In order to validating the program. The loudness of the sewing machine under different conditions is calculated.
Effects of Primary Si and Applied Load on the Dry Sliding Wear Behaviors of Hypereutectic Al-20Si Alloy
Authors: Li Qing Lin , Xia Tian Dong , Lan Ye Feng , Jian Yi Sheng
Published: January 2014

The effects of the primary Si phase and applied load on the dry sliding wear behaviors of hypereutectic Al-20Si alloy were investigated. The results show that coarse polygonal and star-like primary Si was refined into fine blocky shape by increasing superheat treatment temperature. The friction coefficient and wear rate significantly decrease after decreasing the size and changing the morphology of primary Si. Moreover, the friction coefficient and wear rate increase with the increase of applied load. Therefore, the wear properties are greatly influenced by the parameters like morphology and size of primary Si as well as applied load.
Numerical Simulation of Indoor Velocity Field in Winter Effected by Jet Flow Velocity Attached on Exterior Wall
Authors: Liu Ze Qin , Ma Li Ying , Xia Xue Jiao
Published: January 2014

In this paper, ANSYS-CFX computational fluid software was applied for the study of numerical simulation, to explore the influences of the vertical attached jet air flow on outside wall formed by the slot outlet to the indoor temperature field and velocity field. By analysis and study of the indoor velocity field under different supply air speeds distribution, the new type air conditioning air supply might be found, and the uncomfortable degree caused by vertical temperature differences and cold wall nonuniform radiation could be reduced. Thereby, the double-index of the energy conservation and comfortable in the office building could be matched for business building, hotel and other public buildings. The result of this study indicated that,in order to achieve the goal of saving energy and improving indoor thermal comfort, the appropriate supply air velocity should be determined according to the actual conditions in heat ventilation air conditioning application.
Numerical Simulation of Air Distribution of Lateral Supply and Return Pattern Affected by Indoor Heated Source Distribution Models
Authors: Liu Ze Qin , Wang Ning , Su Yun
Published: January 2014

In this paper, the numerical simulation was adopted to explore indoor air distribution affected by three typical heated source distribution models, included spatially homogeneous heated source in the room, the heated source distributed evenly at the bottom and the local heated source at the bottom of the room. The characteristics of air distribution effected by three typical heated source models were studied in the air conditioning room with the pattern of lateral supply and return, the scope of rational arrangement in relatively comfortable environment of indoor personnel occupied zone was obtained. The result indicated that, the air distribution with the setting of the spatially homogeneous heated source pattern and the heated source distributed evenly at the bottom pattern were more satisfying than the setting of the local heated source at the bottom pattern.
Rigid-Elastic Coupling Multi-Body Dynamics Modeling for a Car and Analysis Optimization of Understeer
Authors: Shi Tian Ze , Wang Deng Feng , Zhang You Kun , Dong Hong Liang
Published: January 2014

A rigid-elastic coupling multi-body dynamic model of a car was established. The controllability and stability including constant cornering, steering returnability and steering effort performances are analyzed. Results show that there is still a feasibility to enhance the understeer. By optimizing the suspension parameters using DOE method, the characteristic of understeer was improved. Simulation analysis indicated that the characteristics of steering effort and steering returnability were not affected due to change of suspension parameters.
Performance of Hydrostatics Spindle under Effect of Mass Unbalance
Authors: Chen Dong Ju , Bian Yan Hua , Fan Jin Wei , Fan Fei Hu
Published: January 2014

The static and dynamic model of spindle system is established in order to analyze the vibration response with the effect eccentricity of spindle. Natural frequency of spindle is calculated with ANSYS software. The variation of thickness and stiffness of oil film are analyzed, and the dynamic response is deduced. The deflection of spindle i.e. the machining error caused by the eccentricity is obtained. Key words: Hydrostatic bearings; Dynamic response; Stiffness; Deflection
Hamiltonian Matrix Strategy for Exponential Synchronization of Neural Networks with Diffusion
Authors: Ye Qian , Lou Xu Yang
Published: January 2014

In this paper, the problem of exponential synchronization for a class of chaotic neural networks which covers the Hopfield neural networks and cellular neural networks with reaction-diffusion terms and time-varying delays is investigated. A feedback control gain matrix is derived to achieve the state synchronization of two identical neural networks with reaction-diffusion terms, and the synchronization condition can be verified if a certain Hamiltonian matrix with no eigenvalue on the imaginary axis.
Dye-Free Coloration in Dyeing and Printing of Tussah Silk Based on PHBA
Authors: Shi Hui Bei , Cui Yong Zhu , Ye Fang , Wang Xiao , Lv Li Hua
Published: January 2014

Dye-free coloration in dyeing and printing for tussah silk were studied in different conditions. The optimal processes of dye-free and printing has been got. The optimal process of dye-free was PHBA1.5%, acid 14%, 60°C for 30 min, then add H2O2 for oxidation. And the optimal printing process of dye-free was PHBA2.0%, acid 18%, steam for 20 min after being printed. Colored and printed tussah fabric reactions occurred in the fabric itself, so the mechanical properties of chromogenic fabric unchanged almost, which had excellent color fastness and levelness.
University Server Room Creep Corrosion Prevention
Authors: Li Lian Cheng
Published: January 2014

Finance and economics university practice teaching with teaching software platform based on network, the software platform to the large server to run the computer room environment, the server determines the success of practice teaching. Creep corrosion can lead to the production of lead-free process card function failure, cause the server can not operate normally. This paper analyzes on the creep corrosion the mechanism analysis, the conditions of. At the same time according to the proposed scheme, the high humidity and high sulfur environment of computer lab and practice prove, through the control room environment, to eliminate creep corrosion.
Research on the Engineering Properties of Fly Ash as Backfill
Authors: Wei Feng
Published: January 2014

The foundation backfill materials with pulverized coal ash and admixture gypsum fly ash were studied. The laboratory experiments were designed to determine its compaction characteristics, compressibility, intensity and bearing capacity of foundation with different mixture ratio. Dry density and strength property of fly ash with different water content were analysed. The result shows that the modulus, strength and foundation bearing capacity all have been greatly improved when gypsum was added into fly ash The proper mix proportion of the gypsum fly ash is very suitable for engineering application and this research provides a scientific reference for the similar projects.
Direct Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on the Hydrophilic Copolymer Support Containing Oxirane
Authors: Li Rui Rui , Li Pi Wu , Liu Dian Lei , Hao Qiong , Yang Qing , Wang Sheng
Published: January 2014

Glucose oxidase (GOD) (EC 1.1.3.4) is an oxido-reductase that catalyses the oxidation action of glucose to hydrogen peroxide and D-glucono-δ-lactone [. GOD is widely used in the determination of free glucose in body fluids, in vegetal raw material and in the food industry [. It also has many applications in biotechnologies, typically enzyme assays for biochemistry including biosensors in nanotechnologies. Free GOD will be denatured and inactivated rapidly due to its structural instability under extreme pH or temperature [. Four immobilizing methods, including physical adsorption, covalent binding, crosslinking and embedding methods, were used to improve their economic feasibility. Covalent binding combined active functional group monomers of carriers onto enzymes [4-. Researches showed that oxirane groups can react with-NH2 and-HS of enzymes under mild conditions so that the enzyme molecules were immobilized on the copolymer support containing oxirane [.
Investigation into the Post-Treatment Process for Titanium Alloy Space-Curve Meshing-Wheel
Authors: Chen Yang Zhi , Zhang Yang , He En Yi
Published: January 2014

A technic, named as mechanical-electrolysis polishing (MEP), is investigated for space-curve meshing-wheel (SCMW) made of titanium alloy by the selective laser melting rapid prototyping process (SLM), to improve their surface quality. Firstly, the effect of polishing time, voltage, gap between the cathode and the workpiece on the surface roughness and transmission accuracy are analyzed. Secondly, the post-treatment experiment results under different parameters are analyzed, and optimal parameters are obtained by the kinematics experiments. The results show that, the transmission accuracy would be raised with an average of about 1.8% by improving surface quality of titanium alloy SCMW.
Halide Activators Suitable for Low Temperature Pack Aluminisation of Electroplated Nickel on Creep Resistant Ferritic Steels
Authors: Wang J. , Li K. , Zhu C.Y. , Xiang Z.D.
Published: January 2014

This study aims to identify suitable activators for pack aluminising electroplated Ni in order to provide processing flexibility for forming Ni-aluminide/Ni hybrid coatings on creep resistant ferritic steels at temperatures below 700 °C. Experiments are made using NH4Cl, AlCl3(anhydrous), NaCl and NH4F activated packs prepared from Al and Al2O3powders. Both NH4Cl and AlCl3(anhydrous) are found to be suitable activators. NaCl may be used as an activator if the amount of Al added is sufficiently high. But, the fluoride salts cannot be used as activators in the low temperature range concerned here due to their strong tendency to deposit AlF3.
Study on Destroying Enzyme in Chestnuts (Castanea mollissima Blume) by Microwave Heating
Authors: Wang Chao Nan , Yi Xin Xin , Qi Jing Hua , Wang Fang , Pang Mei Xia
Published: January 2014

Using microwave technology,establish a best destroying enzyme condition that can make peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) lossing of activity. Enzyme activity of PPO and POD were determined by guaiacol colorimetric method and catechol colorimetric method under the condition of six different microwave time and five different microwave power. Complete deactivation of POD and PPO was achieved when microwave treatment of the chestnut kernel to 640W/60s were combined. Under these conditions, the color and flavor of the product were retained,which is the best destroying enzyme condition in chestnuts by microwave heating
High Precision Fiber DFB Laser Micro-Accelerometer
Authors: Zhang Jin Tao , Yu You Long , Zhang Yun Long , Li Kun , Xi Xiang Chun
Published: January 2014

A distributed feedback (DFB)-laser-based micro-accelerometer is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The results show that it is characteristic of higher precision than the piezoelectric vibrator. A minimum signal of 9.11×10-4g at 130Hz is acquired.
Study on Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Graphite-Like Carbon Films
Authors: Shi Bai Jun , Wu Si Chi , Peng Yuan Ping , Liao Shu Hui
Published: January 2014

Graphite-like carbon films were deposited on DC53 steel substrate by unbalanced magnetron sputtering. The microstructures of the resultant films were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), respectively. Ball-on-disc tribometer was employed to analyze the tribological properties of the film. The results show that the films were dominated by sp2 sites. The surfaces are uniform and dense, the sectional morphology of the films present dense columnar crystal. The films have superior tribological properties under different loads, including low friction coefficient (0.18-0.33) and low wear rate (2.53×10-17m3/(Nm)- 8.47×10-17m3/(Nm)).
Research and Application of Information Operation and Maintenance Fault Diagnosis Model for Power Grid Enterprise
Authors: Qu Zhao Yang , Bo Xiao Yong , Diao Ying Long , Wang Lei , Xin Peng , Zhang Jian Hong
Published: January 2014

Power industry informational has become the general trend in new era, for power dispatching operation and mainte-nance center, how to ensure that normal operation of various software and hardware resources is a important yet unsolved problem. The paper makes full use of operation and maintence supervision method, presents a information operation and maintenance fault diagnosis model based on FP-Growth association rules algorithm for power grid enterprise. Firstly, information system operation and maintenance supervision model of power grid is described, according to power enterprise regulations and practical experience of operation and maintenance personnel, it makes a series of operation and maintenance indicators. Then above this foundation detailing the fault diagnosis model is constructed, analyzing diagnosis reasoning process under the different the case of non-compliance indicators, and applying it to the actual operation project that the power grid enterprise information system real-time monitoring plat-form (ISRMP). Finally, preliminary application of ISRMP in Information and Communication Company of Jilin Electric Power.
Music Spectrum Display System Based on MCU
Authors: Jin Lin , Liu Qiang
Published: January 2014

Analysis of signal from the frequency analysis of spectrum, which is widely used in voice processing, image processing, digital audio, seismic exploration. With the FFT algorithm, provides an effective solution for real-time processing of frequency domain analysis.
Based on STC12C5A60S2 microcontroller to complete realization of music spectrum display system development, which introduces the STC12C5A60S2 chip, 32*64LED dot matrix display principle, 74LS595 and 74LS164 chip using the method. On this basis, the completion of the system's hardware and software design, implementation STC12C5A60S2 microcontroller based music spectrum display system, its structure is simple, easy to use, and you can use STC12C5A60S2 MCU data processing capabilities of the sound signal spectrum analysis and display.
Thermal Stress Compensation of MgO Concrete in Construction of High Arch Dams in Cold Areas
Authors: Jing Xiang Yang , Liu Xing Hong , Zhang Xu
Published: January 2014

When mixed with the admixture MgO, the volume contraction deformation of mass concrete could be compensated, which is an effective way to solve the temperature cracking problems in construction of concrete projects. Taking an arch dam in China as an example, the thermal stress compensation characteristics of MgO concrete in cold areas are studied using the finite element method. Results indicate that the stress compensation of MgO concrete is significant inside the dam, and with a better effect along with a larger mixing amount of MgO in a certain range. But on the surface of the dam, the stress compensation of MgO concrete is not significant.
Test Research of Vertical Machine Center's Geometrical Accuracy Stabilization
Authors: Chen Da Ming , Liu Kuo , Li Xin , Tan Zhi
Published: January 2014

Domestic CNC machine tool and NC machine tools abroad's main gap is accuracy stabilization rather than accuracy. Accuracy stabilization test is done on some three-axis vertical machining center aiming at the status. Laser interferometer is used to test X, Y, Z axis's positioning accuracy, repeat positioning accuracy and reverse gap. The test is done taking 80 days as the period. The accuracy test results is analyzed. From the positioning accuracy, repeat positioning accuracy and reverse gap curves we can see that, because of the factors of machine's use and temperature's change, X, Y, Z axis's positioning accuracy changes violently, repeat positioning accuracy and reverse gap change a little.
Work Hardening of the Isotactic Polypropylene during Rolling
Authors: Jia Juan , Liu Shuang Xin , Mao Wei Min
Published: January 2014

The crystallinity of the isotactic polypropylene during rolling is measured by the wide angle X-ray method. And then the influence of the crystallinity and true rolling strain on the work hardening is analyzed comprehensively. The work hardening index of the crystallinity part is 2, and the index of the amorphous part is 4. Deformation in the crystallinity part is more difficult than the amorphous part; however, the work hardening rate is smaller. The work hardening contribution of the crystalline part is higher than the amorphous part in the early rolling stage, but lower as the true strain is higher than 1.0.
Preparation of TiO2-ACF by Electrospinning and its Adsorption Performance for Low Concentration SO2
Authors: Song Tie Ben , Wu Yan Bo , Sun Peng , Bi Jun
Published: January 2014

The TiO2-activated carbon fiber (ACF) was successfully prepared by electrospinning and thermal treatment. The nanofiber was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunner-Emmett-Teller method (BET). The results showed that the average diameter of ACF was in the range 200-500 nm, and the preoxidation temperature and carbonation temperature were 250°C and 500°C, and the anatase TiO2 appeared in fiber after carbonation, and TiO2-ACF specific surface area was 1146.7 m2/g. The TiO2-ACF was used for adsorption of low concentration SO2. The results showed that the adsorption rate increased with an increase in SO2 concentration, furthermore the adsorption rate increased with prolonged adsorption time, the high adsorption rate was 67.6% after 40 min. While temperature was below 60°C, the adsorption rate decreased as the temperature increased, however when temperature was above 60°C, there was a slight increase of adsorption rate as the temperature increased.
Quantum Discord of Coupling Qubits in Decoherence-Free Subspace and Squeezed Vacuum Reservoir
Authors: Hu Ju Ju , Hu Hai Jiang , Ji Ying Hua
Published: January 2014

We investigate the dynamical behavior of quantum discord for the coupling qubits that placed in squeezed vacuum reservoir and initially in decoherence-free subspace (DFS). The results show that the DFS for resisting the effects from environmental decoherence and disentanglement is not the DFS of quantum discord. We also find that under certain conditions, the quantum discord and entanglement perform completely inversely versus the squeezed parameters. The quantum discord is controlled by the squeezed parameters, especially in the initial stage of the evolution, the bigger the parameter is, and the longer the time of initial death will be.
Finite Element Simulation and Experimental Research in Insulation Spacer Blanking
Authors: Xia Qin Xiang , Ji Liang Bo , Cao Bao Hua , Li You Xiang
Published: January 2014

Blanking finite element analysis model of non-metallic material PET insulation spacer was established, and the influence of process parameters on blanking quality of insulation spacer was analyzed. The results show that the qualified cross-section quality, the high dimensional accuracy and the little bending distortion of blanking workpiece can be obtained by the reasonable blanking clearance and the higher blanking speed. The corresponding experiment was carried out, the results show that the process parameters of insulation spacer blanking obtained by numerical simulation are feasible, and the qualified insulation spacer was produced by the simulation results.
Crystal Structure and Synthesis of {[Cu(L)nX][X] (H2O)2} L= benz,n=3
Authors: Li Yu Feng
Published: January 2014

The reaction of copper 2,2-dichloroacetic acid and heterocyclic diimine (benz) ligands under mildconditions affords one supramolecular complexes, [Cu (bipy)2[[H22 (bipy=benz, X=dichloroacetic acid). The compounds involves a regular square based pyramidal one and were constituted through hydrogen bonding and ππ interactions between the heterocyclic rings.
Coupled Thermal Analysis on Carbide Anvil of Cubic Press
Authors: Zhou Xian Jun , Xu Zhong Wen , Chen Ren Quan , Li Shao Ping
Published: January 2014

Based on finite element analysis software ANSYS, the 3D contact finite element model of carbide anvil, steel ring and cushion block were built to make heat transfer analysis, and the temperature field distribution was obtained. The indirect coupling thermal analysis of carbide anvil, steel ring and cushion block were made regarding as a whole, the Von Mises stress nephogram of them and the shear stress nephogram of carbide anvil were displayed. The stress nephogram revealed that it was liable to fracture on the edge of top surface under high pressure status, and it was also proven that the main reason of fracture was the yield of internal material defects under the action of shear stress.
Investigation of Flammable Behavior of Nylon 6 Fabrics with and without Spandex Using Cone Calorimeter Test and Vertical Burning Test
Authors: Luo Sheng Li , Zhang Hai Liang , Zhan Zhi Cheng , Mao Bing He , Jiang Zhi Jie , Yan Yu Rong
Published: January 2014

To study the influence of spandex on combustion behavior of textile fabrics, two kinds of nylon 6 fabrics were tested using cone calorimeter test and vertical burning test. Some key combustion parameters such as heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR) and rate of smoke release (RSR) were obtained from cone calorimeter test and afterflame time and damaged length from vertical burning test. Results indicated that the nylon 6 fabric containing spandex showed 21% higher HRR value. But THRs of the nylon 6 fabric containing spandex and the pure nylon 6 fabric were close. RSR curves indicated that RSR value of the nylon 6 fabric containing spandex was 73% higher than that of the pure nylon 6 fabric. The afterflame time and damaged length of the nylon 6 fabric containing spandex were much longer than that of the pure nylon 6 fabric. Spandex does accelerate the combustion behavior on Nylon fiber.
ARM-Based Speed Regulating System for Asynchronous Motor
Authors: Zhou Shao Qing , Mei Cong Li , Liu Guo Hai , Huang Wen Tao , Shu Dong Xin
Published: January 2014

Owing to their simple structure and stability, AC induction motors have been widely used in many fields. With the development of electronic devices, variable-frequency speed regulation system of the induction motor is widely used. This paper introduces an ARM chip controller LM3S818 from Texas Instruments in detail as a microprocessor of the variable frequency speed regulation system for asynchronous motor. The main circuit of AC-DC-AC Variable frequency way is adopted and the control system is based on Space Vector Pulse Width Module. The hardware structure and the design of software both are presented. And experimental results show the good performance in different frequency.
Multi-Objective Programming and Time Optimal Algorithm Research
Authors: Yang Cheng Hui
Published: January 2014

As the elevator group control system of airport logistics has the characteristics of multi-objective, non-linearity, uncertainty, disturbances and incomplete information and so on, to improve the service quality and operational efficiency of elevator group control system, we created a more comprehensive performance evaluation index function. We used the algorithm called multi-objective optimization, which can reduce the time passengers waiting for the ladder, avoid crowding, and use less energy. According to different demands, select different optimal combination, to meet passengers' demands as possible as we can. With the use of computer simulation technology, we obtained the simulation results, and proof the feasibility and superiority of this algorithm.
Design and Analysis of High Availability Power Grid Dispatching Automation System Based on Virtualization Technology
Authors: Ji Zhi Xiang , Di Fang Сhun , Lin Jing Huai , Yuan Rong Сhang , Huang Yun Рao , Xie Tao
Published: January 2014

The power grid dispatching automation system is the nerve center of the strong smart grid, and its safe and stable operation is the strong guarantee of power supply. Power grid dispatching automation system must have high availability and reliability to ensure the uninterrupted operation of system. This paper analyzed the application status of present power grid dispatching automation system and proposed a method based on virtualization technology to realize high availability. It also provided the architecture design of system and the concrete realization method of high availability. With the comparison of new method and existing system, it could be found that new method not only has high availability and fast failure recovery function, but also could greatly increase resource utilization rate of physical machine cluster. Therefore, it can better satisfy the high availability request of power grid dispatching automation system.
Ecological-Economic Values of Lignocellulosic Herbaceous Plant on Contaminated Land
Authors: Hou Xin Cun , Fan Xi Feng , Zhu Yi , Wu Ju Ying , Zhao Chun Qiao , Zheng Su Shan
Published: January 2014

Lignocellulosic herbaceous plant is a high-quality kind of biomass resource. In China, large-scale cultivation of lignocellulosic herbaceous plant on marginal land is a crucial method to resolve sustainable supplement of biomass feedstock. In order to analyse its potential, this research conducted large-scale cultivation of four species of lignocellulosic herbaceous plant, switchgrass, silver reed, giant reed and hybrid pennisetum on a contaminated land in Beijing suburb. And a quantitative analysis of their biomass yields and ecological-economic values were performed in the sequential four growing seasons. With high annual biomass yields, 21.37 ton·hm-2, 26.21 ton·hm-2, 44.48 ton·hm-2 and 57.61 ton·hm-2, respectively, these four species of lignocellulosic herbaceous plant had enormous ecological values, including carbon fixation, oxygen release, sulfur dioxide absorption and dust retardment, and considerable economic values, according to standard coal conversion and cellulosic ethanol production. Of these four species, hybrid pennisetum is optimal in ecological value on contaminated land in the future, while giant reed in economic value.
Pollutants Concentrations in Ambient Air and their Relationship in the Spring of Beijing
Authors: Liu Jie , Yang Peng , Lv Wen Sheng
Published: January 2014

The data from the air quality auto monitoring system in main urban area of Beijing were used to analyze the concentrations and relationship of six pollutants including gaseous pollutants O3, CO, SO2, NO2 and particulates PM10, PM2.5 in the spring of 2013. During this time gaseous pollutants caused little pollution and was acceptable. The particulates caused more pollution to ambient air quality especially in PM2.5 and their concentrations were far above the annual mean value of Chinese standard. The concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 had similar variation trend and their correlation was significant particularly. AQI showed long-term situation in slight pollution in the spring of Beijing with PM2.5, and residents gathered pollution was still more serious.
HIV Nef Expression Favors the Relative Preservation of CD4+ T Regulatory Cells That Retain Some Important Suppressive Functions
Authors: Chrobak Pavel , Afkhami Soheila , Priceputu Elena , Poudrier Johanne , Meunier Clémence , Hanna Zaher , Sparwasser Tim , Jolicoeur Paul
Published: January 2014

HIV-1 infection causes depletion and/or dysfunction of distinct CD4+ T cell subsets and may affect these differently. Using the CD4C/HIV-1Nef transgenic (Tg) mice as a model, we report that HIV-1 Nef causes depletion of total CD4+ T cells, but preserves and relatively enriches CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg). We found that Nef-mediated CD4+ Treg enrichment is the direct result of Nef expression in CD4+ T cells, occurs independently of Nef-induced lymphopenia, and most likely results from multiple mechanisms: lower apoptosis, enhanced cell division, and increased generation from precursors. Interestingly, Tg Treg relative enrichment could be reversed by enhancing Lck activity. Most importantly, we show that, in contrast to Tg helper CD4+ T cells that have lost their function, Nef-expressing CD4+ Treg retain their regulatory function in vitro and also in vivo, under some settings. In particular, we found that Treg prevent expansion of Tg B and non-Treg T cells in vivo. Our study reveals that Nef affects distinct CD4+ T cell subsets differently and uncovers the high proliferative potential of B and non-Treg T cells in this mouse model.
Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Drive CD4+ Th2 Cell Responses
Authors: Mirchandani Ananda S. , Besnard Anne-Gaelle , Yip Edwin , Scott Charlotte , Bain Calum C. , Cerovic Vuk , Salmond Robert J. , Liew Foo Y.
Published: January 2014

CD4+ T cells have long been grouped into distinct helper subsets on the basis of their cytokine-secretion profile. In recent years, several subsets of innate lymphoid cell have been described as key producers of these same Th-associated cytokines. However, the functional relationship between Th cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) remains unclear. We show in this study that lineage-negative ST2+ICOS+CD45+ type 2 ILCs and CD4+ T cells can potently stimulate each other’s function via distinct mechanisms. CD4+ T cell provision of IL-2 stimulates type 2 cytokine production by type 2 ILCs. By contrast, type 2 ILCs modulate naive T cell activation in a cell contact–dependent manner, favoring Th2 while suppressing Th1 differentiation. Furthermore, a proportion of type 2 ILCs express MHC class II and can present peptide Ag in vitro. Importantly, cotransfer experiments show that type 2 ILCs also can boost CD4+ T cell responses to Ag in vivo.
Endothelial Cell–Derived Chemerin Promotes Dendritic Cell Transmigration
Authors: Gonzalvo-Feo Safiye , Del Prete Annalisa , Pruenster Monika , Salvi Valentina , Wang Li , Sironi Marina , Bierschenk Susanne , Sperandio Markus , Vecchi Annunciata , Sozzani Silvano
Published: January 2014

ChemR23 is a chemotactic receptor expressed by APCs, such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and NK cells. Chemerin, the ChemR23 ligand, was detected by immunohistochemistry, to be associated with inflamed endothelial cells in autoimmune diseases, such as lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. This study reports that blood and lymphatic murine endothelial cells produce chemerin following retinoic acid stimulation. Conversely, proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, and LPS, or calcitriol, are not effective. Retinoic acid–stimulated endothelial cells promoted dendritic cell adhesion under shear stress conditions and transmigration in a ChemR23-dependent manner. Activated endothelial cells upregulated the expression of the atypical chemotactic receptor CCRL2/ACKR5, a nonsignaling receptor able to bind and present chemerin to ChemR23+ dendritic cells. Accordingly, activated endothelial cells expressed chemerin on the plasma membrane and promoted in a more efficient manner chemerin-dependent transmigration of dendritic cells. Finally, chemerin stimulation of myeloid dendritic cells induced the high-affinity binding of VCAM-1/CD106 Fc chimeric protein and promoted VCAM-1–dependent arrest to immobilized ligands under shear stress conditions. In conclusion, this study reports that retinoic acid–activated endothelial cells can promote myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cell transmigration across endothelial cell monolayers through the endogenous production of chemerin, the upregulation of CCRL2, and the activation of dendritic cell β1 integrin affinity.
IL-21 Promotes CD4 T Cell Responses by Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase–Dependent Upregulation of CD86 on B Cells
Authors: Attridge Kesley , Kenefeck Rupert , Wardzinski Lukasz , Qureshi Omar S. , Wang Chun Jing , Manzotti Claire , Okkenhaug Klaus , Walker Lucy S. K.
Published: January 2014

The cytokine IL-21 is a potent immune modulator with diverse mechanisms of action on multiple cell types. IL-21 is in clinical use to promote tumor rejection and is an emerging target for neutralization in the setting of autoimmunity. Despite its clinical potential, the biological actions of IL-21 are not yet fully understood and the full range of effects of this pleiotropic cytokine are still being uncovered. In this study, we identify a novel role for IL-21 as an inducer of the costimulatory ligand CD86 on B lymphocytes. CD86 provides critical signals through T cell–expressed CD28 that promote T cell activation in response to Ag engagement. Expression levels of CD86 are tightly regulated in vivo, being actively decreased by regulatory T cells and increased in response to pathogen-derived signals. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-21 can trigger potent and sustained CD86 upregulation through a STAT3 and PI3K-dependent mechanism. We show that elevated CD86 expression has functional consequences for the magnitude of CD4 T cell responses both in vitro and in vivo. These data pinpoint CD86 upregulation as an additional mechanism by which IL-21 can elicit immunomodulatory effects.
Cell Contact–Dependent Priming and Fc Interaction with CD32+ Immune Cells Contribute to the TGN1412-Triggered Cytokine Response
Authors: Bartholomaeus Patrick , Semmler Linda Y. , Bukur Thomas , Boisguerin Valesca , Römer Paula S. , Tabares Paula , Chuvpilo Sergey , Tyrsin Dmitry Y. , Matskevich Alexey , Hengel Hartmut , Castle John , Hünig Thomas , Kalinke Ulrich
Published: January 2014

Following inconspicuous preclinical testing, the superagonistic anti-CD28 mAb TGN1412 was applied to six study participants who all developed a devastating cytokine storm. We verified that TGN1412 treatment of fresh PBMCs induced only moderate responses, whereas restoration of tissue-like conditions by high-density preculture (HDC) allowed vigorous cytokine production. TGN1412 treatment of T cells isolated from HDC-PBMCs induced moderate cytokine responses, which upon additional anti-IgG crosslinking were significantly boosted. Moreover, coincubation of TGN1412-treated T cells with B cells expressing the intermediate affinity Fcγ receptor IIB (CD32B), or coincubation with CD32B+ transfectants, resulted in robust T cell activation. This was surprising because TGN1412 was expressed as an Ig of the subclass 4 (IgG4), which was shown before to exhibit only minor affinity to FcγRs. Transcriptome analysis of TGN1412-treated T cells revealed that similar gene signatures were induced irrespective of whether T cells derived from fresh or HDC-PBMCs were studied. Collectively, these data indicate that HDC-PBMCs and HDC-PBMC–derived T cells mount rapid TGN1412 responses, which are massively boosted by FcγR crosslinking, in particular by CD32-expressing B cells. These results qualify HDC-PBMCs as a valuable in vitro test system for the analysis of complex mAb functions.
Reemergence of Anopheles funestus as a Vector of Plasmodium falciparum in Western Kenya after Long-Term Implementation of Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets
Authors: McCann Robert S. , Ochomo Eric , Bayoh M. Nabie , Vulule John M. , Hamel Mary J. , Gimnig John E. , Hawley William A. , Walker Edward D.
Published: January 2014

Historically, the malaria vectors in western Kenya have been Anopheles funestus, Anopheles gambiae s.s., and Anopheles arabiensis. Of these species, An. funestus populations declined the most after the introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) in the 1990s in Asembo, and collections of An. funestus in the region remained low until at least 2008. Contrary to findings during the early years of ITN use in Asembo, the majority of the Anopheles collected here in 2010 and 2011 were An. funestus. Female An. funestus had characteristically high Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite rates and showed nearly 100% anthropophily. Female An. funestus were found more often indoors than outdoors and had relatively low mortality rates during insecticide bioassays. Together, these results are of serious concern for public health in the region, indicating that An. funestus may once again be contributing significantly to the transmission of malaria in this region despite the widespread use of ITNs/long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs).
Lezen op de grens: interacties tussen literatuurstudie en andere disciplines - Kroniek van de literatuurwetenschap
Authors: Vervaeck Bart
Published: January 2014

De literatuurstudie heeft steeds geprofiteerd van de wisselwerking met andere wetenschappen. In het begin – de tijd van formalisten en structuralisten – was het vooral de linguïstiek die voor inspiratie zorgde; daarna waren onder meer de psychoanalyse, de sociologie en de filosofie richtinggevende partners. Door deze niet-literaire, soms zelfs niet-tekstgerichte disciplines kwam de studie van het literaire-werk-op-zichzelf minder centraal te staan en kregen de andere partijen in de literaire communicatie – vooral de schrijver en de lezer – steeds meer aandacht. Hieronder komen vijf recente publicaties aan bod die getuigen van het grensverkeer tussen de literatuurwetenschap en andere disciplines, en die daarbij meestal de rol van de lezer benadrukken. Ze tonen niet alleen hoe literatuurspecialisten omgaan met andere wetenschappen, maar ook hoe mensen uit die disciplines aankijken tegen literatuur.
‘Een échte ironicus’ - De rol van Thomas Mann in de ironieopvatting van Harry Mulisch
Authors: Zoggel, van Marc
Published: January 2014

The concept of ‘irony’ is important in the oeuvre of Harry Mulisch. His selfpresentation was often labelled ‘arrogant’ or ‘vainglorious’, but Mulisch himself referred to it as a form of ‘self-irony’. In his dispute with Gerard van het Reve in the first half of the 1970s, Mulisch rejected Van het Reve’s irony. To illustrate his complaints, Mulisch referred to Thomas Mann as a ‘true ironist’, as opposed to the ‘flat ironist’ Van het Reve. Already in the early years of his writing career, in the 1950s, Mulisch had devoted a couple of articles to the function of irony in the work of Thomas Mann. In this article, I examine the writings of Mulisch on the irony concept of Mann and its potential influence on his own ideas about irony. In addition, I compare Mulisch’s interpretation with dominant interpretations in the ‘Mann-Forschung’, in order to be able to differentiate between more objective and more subjective observations of the Dutch author. This allows me to account for the image Mulisch may have created of Mann’s irony concept, so that it would be more in line with his own goals and needs as a young, still relatively unknown author.
Oud nieuws
Authors: Thomése Fleur
Published: January 2014

Onlangs stuitte ik op Mark Granovetters artikel The problem of embeddedness, dat in 1985 verscheen in The American Journal of Sociology. Voor sociaal wetenschappers is dat probleem er al lang niet meer. Het behoort tot de leerstellingen van de sociale wetenschappen dat al het handelen
is ingebed in sociale relaties. Zie nou dit nummer van Mens & Maatschappij: twee artikelen gaan over de rol van familierelaties in belangrijke sociale processen. Een derde artikel borduurt voort op die andere grootmeester van de sociale inbedding, Pierre Bourdieu. Daar heeft de redactie
geen hand in gehad; het is een willekeurige steekproef uit de Nederlandstalige sociale wetenschappen. Klassen, sociale structuren, instituties en organisaties: uiteindelijk blijven ze in stand, doordat mensen elkaar kennen of niet; elkaar vertrouwen of wantrouwen; iets gunnen of ontzeggen.
En die processen spelen zich grotendeels af binnen en door de persoonlijke relaties die mensen met elkaar hebben. Je bent wie je kent.
Culturele consumptie en de habitus - De rol van kennis en esthetische disposities
Authors: Eijck, van Koen , Michael Janna
Published: January 2014

Cultural consumption and the habitus: The role of knowledge and aesthetic dispositions.The habitus is a crucial concept in Bourdieus theory of taste. In this article, we assess the relations between cultural taste or participation and two measured elements of habitus: aesthetic
dispositions and domain-specific knowledge. To his end, we have analyzed a sample of 2,500 Flemings in 2003-2004. Active culture lovers attach more significance to the form of cultural products than to their function and are more interested in serious societal issues such as science and politics,
but also in lifestyle topics. The results further show that these indicators of elements of the habitus greatly increase the explanatory power of the models for predicting cultural taste and consumption while their addition to the models diminishes the impact of more general socioeconomic
background characteristics.
Arbeidsparticipatie van moeders en moeder-kind tijd - De invloed op het probleemgedrag van schoolgaande kinderen
Authors: Verhoef Melissa , Roeters Anne
Published: January 2014

The influence of mothers’ labor force participation and mother-child time on the problem behavior of school-aged children.This study examined whether mothers’ labor force participation was associated with children’s problem behavior and, more particularly,
whether this association was mediated by mother-child time. We derived hypotheses from theories from sociology and psychology, such as social capital theory and attachment theory, hereby covering multiple viewpoints. Analyses were based on 1,276 children and their mothers from the American
Child Development Supplement of the Study of Income Dynamics of 2002 and 2007. Results indicated that the direct influence of mothers’ labor force participation on children’s problem behavior was negligible. Moreover, although employed mothers reported fewer mother-child activities,
overall they spent the same amount of time with their children.
Onbeperkte mogelijkheden…
Authors: Fischer Tamara
Published: January 2014

Nadat ik enige tijd geleden met een collega een subsidie voor een onderzoeksproject ontving, gingen we op zoek naar een geschikte onderzoeker. Na bestudering van brieven en CV’s bleven er acht kandidaten over. Voor de zekerheid trokken we de kandidaten na via Google en binnen
enkele minuten vonden we van twee kandidaten bijzonder gênante uitingen en foto’s. De sollicitanten leken ons zeer getalenteerd, maar we nodigden hen toch maar niet uit voor een gesprek.