bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fascism and Post-National Europe: Drieu La Rochelle and Alain de Benoist
Authors: Spektorowski Alberto
Published: July 2015

The idea of a Europe of its peoples, or a post-nation-state ‘regionalist Europe’, is largely applauded by radical democratic and post-colonial theorists who considered this development an antidote to nationalism. What is hardly heeded by liberal as well as left-wing intellectuals, however, is that several fascist and neo-fascist intellectuals during the inter-war and the post-war eras have also been attracted by the idea of a post-nation-state, ‘Europe des peoples’. By analyzing the complementary ideologies of two French intellectuals associated with fascism and post-war neo-fascism – Pierre Drieu La Rochelle and Alain de Benoist – this article traces the attempts to shed new light onto some of the shortcomings embedded in the concept of the ‘Europe des peoples’. Building upon Drieu and de Benoist’s ideas on the future of Europe as a post-national exclusionist ‘Europe of the peoples’, this article sets an alert that a new type of ethnic exclusionism may be strengthened precisely with the end of old states nationalism.
Islamophobia, Feminism and the Politics of Critique
Authors: Terman Rochelle
Published: July 2015

This article discusses recent critical works within the frame of what is considered a paramount concern in feminist scholarship today: How do we name and publicize acts of violence against women without providing ideological fuel for orientalism and Islamophobia? By privileging a critique of western imperialism in discussions of violence against women in Muslim contexts, I argue this work: 1) obscures a complete understanding of violence against women in Muslim contexts, 2) is unjustifiably dismissive and belittling to activists working in the Muslim world, and 3) is an expression of a Euro/American experience of Islamophobia post 9/11 that is projected in an ahistorical and politically counterproductive way onto local Muslim and Arab communities. The cumulative result is a teleology of an anti-imperialism that naturalizes the double bind between Islamophobia and gender injustice by presenting women’s rights activism not just as complicit in imperialism and Islamophobia but as inescapably imperialist and Islamophobic.
A self-managed single exercise programme versus usual physiotherapy treatment for rotator cuff tendinopathy: a randomised controlled trial (the SELF study)
Authors: Littlewood Chris , Bateman Marcus , Brown Kim , Bury Julie , Mawson Sue , May Stephen , Walters Stephen J
Published: July 2015

Objectives:

To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a self-managed single exercise programme versus usual physiotherapy treatment for rotator cuff tendinopathy.

Design:

Multi-centre pragmatic unblinded parallel group randomised controlled trial.

Setting:

UK National Health Service.

Participants:

Patients with a clinical diagnosis of rotator cuff tendinopathy.

Interventions:

The intervention was a programme of self-managed exercise prescribed by a physiotherapist in relation to the most symptomatic shoulder movement. The control group received usual physiotherapy treatment.

Main outcome measures:

The primary outcome measure was the Shoulder Pain & Disability Index (SPADI) at three months. Secondary outcomes included the SPADI at six and twelve months.

Results:

A total of 86 patients (self-managed loaded exercise n=42; usual physiotherapy n=44) were randomised. Twenty-six patients were excluded from the analysis because of lack of primary outcome data at the 3 months follow-up, leaving 60 ( n=27; n=33) patients for intention to treat analysis. For the primary outcome, the mean SPADI score at three months was 32.4 (SD 20.2) for the self-managed group, and 30.7 (SD 19.7) for the usual physiotherapy treatment group; mean difference adjusted for baseline score: 3.2 (95% Confidence interval -6.0 to +12.4 P = 0.49). By six and twelve months there remained no significant difference between the groups.

Conclusions:

This study does not provide sufficient evidence of superiority of one intervention over the other in the short-, mid- or long-term and hence a self-management programme based around a single exercise appears comparable to usual physiotherapy treatment.
Exploring the Interplay of Adaptive and Maladaptive Strategies
Authors: Otterpohl Nantje , Schwinger Malte , Wild Elke
Published: July 2015

In emotion regulation research, it is common to distinguish adaptive from maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. However, little is known about their interactional impact (compensational or interfering effects) on adolescents’ adjustment. We collected longitudinal, multiple informant questionnaire data from N = 608 adolescents and their parents to examine the prevalence of adolescents’ anger regulation profiles using latent profile analysis. We identified five anger regulation profiles—an adaptive, a maladaptive, a low, a medium, and an undefined profile. The first three profiles could be replicated 1 year later, as could one additional multiple and another undefined profile. Findings supported the assumption that adaptive strategies compensate for the negative impact of maladaptive strategies, yielding negative psychosocial consequences, particularly for the maladaptive profiles. Moreover, different profiles were divergently related to adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing problems concurrently and over time. Results highlight the importance of considering both adaptive and maladaptive anger regulation strategies in prevention and psychotherapy.
The role of complexity in music uses
Authors: Sallavanti Micalena I. , Szilagyi Vanessa E. , Crawley Edward J.
Published: July 2015

This study explores complexity, musical dimensions, and the use of music for cognitive, emotional, or background purposes. In the pilot study, participants rated the complexity of 70 song excerpts representing the Reflective and Complex, Upbeat and Conventional, Intense and Rebellious, and Energetic and Rhythmic dimensions. In the main study, participants listened to 30 songs that were rated as high, moderate, or low complexity in the pilot study. They rated their use of each song on a modified version of the Uses of Music Inventory. The results indicated that highly complex music is used more for cognitive purposes and low complexity music is used more for emotional purposes. Ultimately, these findings confirmed that use of music is influenced by complexity.
Enhancing wellbeing: An emerging model of the adaptive functions of music listening
Authors: Groarke Jenny M. , Hogan Michael J.
Published: July 2015

Affect regulation is generally considered the most important function of music listening (FML). Yet, models of wellbeing also highlight engagement, relationships, meaning, achievement, and other adaptive functions that music may facilitate. However, there is currently no consensus as to how these adaptive FML co-function within an enhancement system that supports wellbeing. The current study used the collective intelligence methodology, Interactive Management (IM) to address this gap in the literature. Four IM sessions were conducted, two with younger adults ( N = 24) and two with older adults ( N = 19). Participants responded to the stimulus question “why do you listen to music?” Each participant then voted for five FML they believed were most significant for enhancing wellbeing. The eight highest ranked functions were entered into Interpretive Structural Modelling software, and relations between pairs of FML were discussed. Four structural models were generated demonstrating potential interdependencies in FML in the context of wellbeing enhancement. Age differences emerged in the FML considered adaptive: younger adults emphasized affect regulation and social connection, whereas older adults emphasized more eudaimonic functions of music (e.g., Transcendence and personal growth). The influence of FML are discussed in reference to key wellbeing and developmental theories.
Response Bias on Self-Report Measures of Sexual Fantasies Among Sexual Offenders
Authors: Seifert Kindra , Boulas Jenna , Huss Matthew T. , Scalora Mario J.
Published: July 2015

The impact of sexual fantasies in future risk and treatment response among sexual offenders has long been known. However, as we develop objective self-report measures of sexual fantasies, response bias is becoming an increasing concern. In examining a sample of institutionalized sex offenders, the present study suggests that offenders’ responses on these measures are prone to response bias, the bias does not negate their associations with other self-report measures of sexual deviance, and relationship of their sexual fantasies does not appear to relate to actual behavioral indications. Clinical and research implications for these findings are discussed.
Examining the Continuity of Juvenile Sex Offending Into Adulthood and Subsequent Patterns of Sex and General Recidivism
Authors: Beaudry-Cyr Maude , Jennings Wesley G. , Zgoba Kristen M. , Tewksbury Richard
Published: July 2015

Current sex offending legislation and public opinion present an image of sexual offenders as specialized predators who are likely to exhibit continued sexually deviant behavior over the life-course. Although sex offending continuity and post-release recidivism has been independently assessed in prior research, the potential link between sex offending continuity and post-release recidivism has yet to be investigated. Using data collected at two different time points from a sample of sex offenders who served a prison sentence for an adult sex offense, the present study examines the prevalence of sex offending continuity, and its potential linkages with subsequent sex and general recidivism as well as identifying risk factors related to these outcomes. The multivariate results indicate a low rate of sex offending continuity in general but suggest the presence of identifiable risk factors that predict sex offending continuity. Specifically, non-sexual juvenile offending is the most notable of the numerous risk factors found to be associated with those displaying sex offending continuity from adolescence into adulthood. Subsequent analyses also reveal a significant association between sex offending continuity and sexual recidivism but not general recidivism. Policy implications, study limitations, and directions for future research are also discussed.
Basalt fiber reinforced polymer grids as an external reinforcement for reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Ali Nageh Mohammed , Wang Xin , Wu Zhishen , Hassanein Ahmed Yehia
Published: July 2015

This paper presents series of experimental studies on newly developed basalt fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) grids for the flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams. The study includes tensile behavior of the basalt FRP grids with three types of thickness, bonding behavior between the basalt FRP grids and the concrete with epoxy resin, and flexural behavior of the reinforced concrete beams strengthened with basalt FRP grids. The results revealed that the modulus of elasticity of the basalt FRP grids ranged between 40 and 43 GPa, and their tensile strength ranged between 815 and 931 MPa. The bond stress–slip behavior of the basalt FRP grids and concrete exhibited a ductile failure manner in comparison to that of FRP sheets and concrete; the bond strength of the tested basalt FRP grids was in the range of 3.26–6.06 MPa, and its slip at peak ranged between 0.15 and 0.4 mm. Beams strengthened with basalt FRP grids failed by crushing of compressive concrete or fiber reinforced polymer rupture and no debonding failure was observed for any of the tested beams.
Plasma Sputtering for Fabrication of Antibacterial and Ultraviolet Protective Fabric
Authors: Shahidi Sheila , Ghoranneviss Mahmood
Published: July 2015

In this study, we have used a DC magnetron sputtering system for creating antibacterial and ultraviolet protective cotton fabrics. A silver anode and cathode were used, and samples were placed on the anode. The cathode particles were scattered by attacking active ions, radicals, and electrons. Time of exposure and gas pressure was changed parameters of plasma. Silver particles were deposited on the both sides of cotton samples, and the antibacterial property has been developed, through sputtering of silver particles on fabric surfaces. ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) analysis was carried out to investigate the silver ion content on cotton fabrics. The antibacterial properties of the fabrics were connected with the presence of Ag on their surface. The antibacterial efficiency was determined by bacterial counting test. After plasma treatment, the physical and chemical properties of the fabrics were examined by surface analysis methods and textile technology tests. Also treated cotton fabrics had an excellent UV-blocking property. UPF value of the silver sputtered cotton fabric reached to 264. According to the standard, the treated cotton fabric can claim to be a “UV Protective product”. The experimental work suggests that the change in properties induced by plasma can effect an improvement in certain textile products.
Moral Women, Immoral Technologies
Authors: Czarnecki Danielle
Published: July 2015

Catholicism is the most restrictive world religion in its position on assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). The opposition of the Church, combined with the widespread acceptability of ARTs in the United States, creates a profound moral dilemma for those who adhere to Church doctrine. Drawing on interviews from 33 Catholic women, this study shows that devout women have different understandings of these technologies than women from treatment-based studies. These differences are rooted in devout women’s position of navigating two contradictory cultural schemas—“religious” and “secular”—regarding the meaning of reproductive technologies. Religious schemas provide devout women with different cultural resources that help them to avoid using ARTs while still reckoning with the ideal of biological parenthood. I show how devout women draw on religion to find value and meaning in their suffering, move beyond biological motherhood, and achieve a moral femininity. While religion increases the burden of reproduction for devout women, it also provides the cultural resources to resist the financial, emotional, and physical difficulties experienced by women who use ARTs.
Slip effects on nanofluid flow over a nonlinear permeable stretching surface with chemical reaction
Authors: Das Kalidas , Chakraborty Tanmoy , Kumar Kundu Prabir
Published: July 2015

In this study, heat and mass transfer characteristics of the magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow over a radiating nonlinear permeable stretching surface are studied. The flow considered here is under both the hydrodynamic and thermal slip conditions in presence of first-order chemical reaction. The resulting governing equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying a suitable similarity transformation and then solved numerically. A parametric study, of the physical parameters, is conducted and a representative set of numerical results for the skin friction coefficient, the Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number are tabulated. Graphical results for dimensionless temperature, velocity and concentration are presented and discussed in details from the physical point of view.
Remission of proteinuria indicates good prognosis in patients with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis
Authors: Koo H S , Kim S , Chin H J
Published: July 2015

Proteinuria is a well-known risk factor for the progression of renal dysfunction in chronic kidney disease; however, its importance for estimating the prognosis of lupus nephritis requires verification. Korean adult patients with renal biopsy-diagnosed diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis who had undergone three or more consecutive urine protein to creatinine ratio or urine dipstick tests within six months after renal biopsy were enrolled. The cumulative risks, predictors, and outcomes of proteinuric remission and flare were evaluated. This study included 26 men and 167 women with a mean age at renal biopsy of 31.2 ± 9.8 years. Eighty-two (42.5%) patients experienced proteinuric remission during the follow-up period. During a mean follow-up of 157.9 ± 69.5 months, among patients who achieved proteinuric remission, one died, one developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and two had composite outcomes; among patients without remission, nine died, 24 developed ESRD, and 30 had composite outcomes. Patients who achieved proteinuric remission had a 0.089-fold risk (95% CI: 0.011–0.736) of mortality, 0.110-fold risk (95% CI: 0.013–0.904) of incident ESRD, and 0.210-fold risk (95% CI: 0.048–0.920) of a composite outcome compared to patients without remission. Among the 82 patients who achieved proteinuric remission, 59 (72.0%) experienced at least one proteinuria flare; however, relapse did not correlate with the incidence of outcomes. In conclusion, proteinuric remission is an independent predictive prognostic marker of good renal survival and mortality, regardless of the interval from biopsy to remission, recurrence of proteinuria after remission, renal function status at remission, or hematuria remission.
Estimating the ratio of multivariate recurrent event rates with application to a blood transfusion study
Authors: Ning Jing , Rahbar Mohammad H , Choi Sangbum , Piao Jin , Hong Chuan , del Junco Deborah J , Rahbar Elaheh , Fox Erin E , Holcomb John B , Wang Mei-Cheng
Published: July 2015

In comparative effectiveness studies of multicomponent, sequential interventions like blood product transfusion (plasma, platelets, red blood cells) for trauma and critical care patients, the timing and dynamics of treatment relative to the fragility of a patient’s condition is often overlooked and underappreciated. While many hospitals have established massive transfusion protocols to ensure that physiologically optimal combinations of blood products are rapidly available, the period of time required to achieve a specified massive transfusion standard (e.g. a 1:1 or 1:2 ratio of plasma or platelets:red blood cells) has been ignored. To account for the time-varying characteristics of transfusions, we use semiparametric rate models for multivariate recurrent events to estimate blood product ratios. We use latent variables to account for multiple sources of informative censoring (early surgical or endovascular hemorrhage control procedures or death). The major advantage is that the distributions of latent variables and the dependence structure between the multivariate recurrent events and informative censoring need not be specified. Thus, our approach is robust to complex model assumptions. We establish asymptotic properties and evaluate finite sample performance through simulations, and apply the method to data from the PRospective Observational Multicenter Major Trauma Transfusion study.
Human Trafficking Heroes and Villains
Authors: O’Brien Erin
Published: July 2015

Since the declaration by the United Nations that awareness raising should be a key part of efforts to combat human trafficking, government and non-government organizations have produced numerous public awareness campaigns designed to capture the public’s attention and sympathy. These campaigns represent the ‘problem’ of trafficking in specific ways, creating heroes and villains by placing the blame for trafficking on some, whilst obscuring the responsibility of others. This article adopts Bacchi’s ‘what is the problem represented to be?’ framework for examining the politicization of problem representation in 18 anti-trafficking awareness campaigns. It is argued that these campaigns construct a narrow understanding of the problem through the depiction of ‘ideal offenders’. In particular, a strong focus on the demand for commercial sex as causative of human trafficking serves to obscure the problematic role of consumerism in a wide range of industries, and perpetuates an understanding of trafficking that fails to draw a necessary distinction between the demand for labour, and the demand for ‘exploitable’ labour. This problem representation also obscures the role governments in destination countries may play in causing trafficking through imposing restrictive migration regimes that render migrants vulnerable to traffickers.
Difficult healthcare transitions
Authors: Abdool Rosalind , Szego Michael , Buchman Daniel , Justason Leah , Bean Sally , Heesters Ann , Kaufman Hannah , Parke Bob , Wagner Frank , Gibson Jennifer
Published: July 2015

Background:

In Ontario, Canada, patients who lack decision-making capacity and have no family or friends to act as substitute decision-makers currently rely on the Office of the Public Guardian and Trustee to consent to long-term care (nursing home) placement, but they have no legal representative for other placement decisions.

Objectives:

We highlight the current gap in legislation for difficult transition cases involving unrepresented patients and provide a novel framework for who ought to assist with making these decisions and how these decisions ought to be made.

Research design:

This paper considers models advanced by Volpe and Steinman with regard to who ought to make placement decisions for unrepresented patients, as well as current ethical models for analyzing how these decisions should be made.

Participants and research context:

We describe an anonymized healthcare transition case to illustrate the fact that there is no legally recognized decision-maker for placement destinations other than long-term care facilities and to show how this impacts all stakeholders.

Ethical considerations:

The case provided is an anonymized vignette representing a typical transition case involving an unrepresented patient.

Findings:

As a result of a gap in provincial legislation, healthcare providers usually determine the appropriate placement destination without a clear framework to guide the process and this can cause significant moral distress.

Discussion:

We argue for a team decision-making approach in the short term, and a legislative change in the long-term, to respect the patient voice, evaluate benefit and risk, enhance collaboration between healthcare providers and patients, and promote social justice. We believe that our approach, which draws upon the strengths of interprofessional teams, will be of interest to all who are concerned with the welfare and ethical treatment of the patients for whom they care.

Conclusions:

One of the main strengths of our recommendation is that it provides all members of the healthcare team (including nurses, social workers, therapists, and others) an increased opportunity to advocate on behalf of unrepresented patients.
Beyond Adherence
Authors: Hunleth Jean M. , Steinmetz Emily K. , McQueen Amy , James Aimee S.
Published: July 2015

Dominant health care professional discourses on cancer take for granted high levels of individual responsibility in cancer prevention, especially in expectations about preventive screening. At the same time, adhering to screening guidelines can be difficult for lower income and under-insured individuals. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prime example. Since the advent of CRC screening, disparities in CRC mortality have widened along lines of income, insurance, and race in the United States. We used a community-engaged research method, Photovoice, to examine how people from medically under-served areas experienced and gave meaning to CRC screening. In our analysis, we first discuss ways in which participants recounted screening as a struggle. Second, we highlight a category that participants suggested was key to successful screening: social connections. Finally, we identify screening as an emotionally laden process that is underpinned by feelings of uncertainty, guilt, fear, and relief. We discuss the importance of these findings to research and practice.
Ceftolozane/Tazobactam
Authors: Sucher Allana J. , Chahine Elias B. , Cogan Peter , Fete Matthew
Published: July 2015

Objective: To review the chemistry, pharmacology, microbiology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, tolerability, dosage, and administration of ceftolozane/tazobactam, a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin combined with a well-established β-lactamase inhibitor. Data Sources: A literature search through clinicaltrials.gov and PubMed was conducted (January 2007-May 2015) using the search terms ceftolozane, ceftolozane/tazobactam, FR264205, CXA-101/tazobactam, and CXA-201. References from retrieved articles and abstracts presented at recent meetings were reviewed to identify additional material. The prescribing information was also reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Preclinical data as well as phase 1, 2, and 3 studies published in English were evaluated. Data Synthesis: Ceftolozane/tazobactam displays enhanced potency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. Clinical trials have shown that ceftolozane/tazobactam is noninferior to levofloxacin for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (76.9% vs 68.4%, 95% CI = 2.3-14.6) and when used in combination with metronidazole is noninferior to meropenem for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (83% vs 87.3%, 95% CI = −8.91 to 0.54). An alternate antibiotic should be considered in patients who have a severe β-lactam allergy or an estimated creatinine clearance between 30 and 50 mL/min. Ceftolozane/tazobactam is well tolerated, with few drug interactions and no effects on the cytochrome P450 system. Conclusions: In an era of increasing resistance to antimicrobials, ceftolozane/tazobactam provides clinicians with an additional treatment option for infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Transplantation-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Patients Treated With Sirolimus and Cyclosporine as Salvage Therapy for Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: García-Martín Paloma , Alarcón-Payer Carolina , López-Fernández Elisa , Moratalla Lucía , Romero Antonio , Sainz Juan , Ríos Rafael , Jurado Manuel
Published: July 2015

Background: Transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a rare complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Because sirolimus (SIR) and calcineurin inhibitor—either cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus—have become more common as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, we are witnessing a higher frequency of this complication. Objective: To analyze the incidence, timing, and management of TA-TMA in patients who received the combination of CsA and SIR as therapy for uncontrolled GVHD in one single center. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis from February 2002 to June 2014 of the combination of SIR and CsA as salvage therapy in 61 patients with treatment-refractory or relapsed acute GVHD (n = 24) or chronic GVHD (n = 37) in a tertiary hospital. Results: A total of 61 patients received CsA and SIR as salvage therapy for acute (n = 16), late acute (n = 8), overlap syndrome (n = 22), or classic chronic (n = 15) GVHD. We identified 13 patients with TA-TMA (21.3%), and the status of GVHD was active in 11 of 13 patients. Only 1 patient showed high CsA levels, and 6 of 13 patients had very high concentrations of SIR in blood. We used an enzyme inducer in 6 patients, which proved effective in 3. Overall survival for TA-TMA patients was inferior compared to that for non TA-TMA patients at 12 months (42.9% vs 51.9%) and 24 months (34.3% vs 49.1%), although this difference was not significant. Conclusion: Prompt identification and good management of TA-TMA, with better control of GVHD, may contribute to a decrease in patient mortality that would result from this complication.
Medication Discontinuation in Patients After Discharge From a Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Abdullah-Koolmees Heshu , Gardarsdottir Helga , Yazir Dilek , Stoker Lennart J. , Vuyk Judith , Egberts Toine C. G. , Heerdink Eibert R.
Published: July 2015

Background: Patients discharged from psychiatric hospitals may be at risk for intentional or unintentional discontinuation of their medication. Objective: To describe and assess the discontinuation of, and changes to, psychiatric and/or somatic medication in patients after discharge from psychiatric hospitals. Methods: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted in patients discharged from 4 psychiatric hospitals in The Netherlands between 2006 and 2009. Patients’ medication use during the last 2 days of hospitalization was compared with medication dispensed during the 3 months following discharge. Changes in psychiatric and somatic medication were investigated and defined as medication discontinuation, start, or switch. Patients were classified as continuing users, when there were no changes to the medication after discharge. Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals to measure differences in discontinuation were estimated using Cox regression analysis. Results: This study included 1324 patients, 69.8% of whom discontinued medication, and 9.7% switched one or more medications. Nearly half (47.4%) of all patients started a medication other than that dispensed during the last 2 days of hospitalization, and 13.7% of all patients experienced no changes to their medication regimen. Approximately 40% of the patients discontinued one or more medications for chronic conditions. From these, 68% discontinued psychiatric medications and 49.4% discontinued somatic medications. A quarter (25.2%) of the 644 patients discontinued using antipsychotics. More than a quarter (28.4%) of the 292 patients using medications for cardiovascular problems discontinued. Patients using as-needed medication prior to discharge were more likely to discontinue their medication (relative risk = 1.85; 95% confidence interval = 1.55-2.20). Conclusions: Discharge from a psychiatric hospital led to medication discontinuation in approximately 70% of all patients. Approximately 40% of the patients discontinued medications for chronic conditions. Discontinuation of somatic medication was more frequent than discontinuation of psychiatric medication, and risk of discontinuation was lower for patients with depressive and anxiety disorders. Although medication discontinuation can be deliberate it is alarming that a quarter of our patients using antipsychotics and cardiovascular medications discontinued their use, both of which are meant for chronic conditions.
Late-Occurring Vancomycin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Children Receiving Prolonged Therapy
Authors: Knoderer Chad A. , Gritzman Allison L. , Nichols Kristen R. , Wilson Amy C.
Published: July 2015

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients receiving vancomycin has been associated with trough concentrations ≥15 mg/L and longer therapy duration. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and factors associated with late AKI in children receiving ≥8 days of vancomycin therapy. Methods: Children aged 30 days to 17 years who were admitted to our institution and received intravenous vancomycin for at least 8 days during January to December of 2007 and 2010 and had a suspected or proven gram-positive infection were included. Late AKI was categorized as AKI occurring after the first 7 days of therapy and within 48 hours following vancomycin discontinuation. The primary outcome was incidence of late AKI as determined by modified pRIFLE criteria. Results: One-hundred sixty-seven patients were included, with a median (interquartile range) age (years) and weight (kg) of 2 (1-7) and 12.5 (8.9-23.8). Late AKI was identified in 12.6% (21/167). A higher percentage of late AKI patients received concomitant treatment with intravenous acyclovir, amphotericin products, or piperacillin-tazobactam. Age <1 year was the only factor independently associated with late AKI development (odds ratio = 4.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-15.4). Conclusions: Late AKI occurred in nearly 13% of children receiving ≥8 days of vancomycin therapy. This study suggests that vancomycin trough concentrations are not associated with late AKI, but that age <1 year and concomitant administration of certain nephrotoxins may be factors associated with increased risk.
Risk Factors Exacerbating Hand-Foot Skin Reaction Induced by Capecitabine plus Oxaliplatin with or without Bevacizumab Therapy
Authors: Yokokawa Takashi , Kawakami Kazuyoshi , Mae Yutaro , Sugita Kazuo , Watanabe Hiroshi , Suzuki Kenichi , Suenaga Mitsukuni , Mizunuma Nobuyuki , Yamaguchi Toshiharu , Hama Toshihiro
Published: July 2015

Background: Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CapeOx) ± bevacizumab therapy is associated with a high incidence of hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR), hindering treatment. However, timing of onset and risk factors remain unclear. Objective: This study examined the development of HFSR and risk factors for its exacerbation to a serious condition in CapeOx ± bevacizumab therapy. Methods: We retrospectively examined patients with colorectal cancer receiving CapeOx ± bevacizumab therapy between October 1, 2009, and March 31, 2012. The observation period was defined as lasting until completion of 8 cycles. The relationship between cumulative dose of capecitabine and cumulative proportion of patients developing HFSR was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier methods. Risk factors for exacerbation of HFSR to a serious condition were assessed by multiple logistic regression. Results: Data for 203 patients were analyzed. For patients treated at cumulative capecitabine doses of 100 000 mg/m2 and 200 000 mg/m2, Grade 1 HFSR occurred in ≥80% and ≥90%, respectively, and moderate-to-severe HFSR (Grade 2+) occurred in ≥10% and ≥20%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed significant associations with diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 4.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.86-12.34; P = 0.001), concomitant use of bevacizumab (OR = 6.01; 95% CI = 2.20-16.41; P = 0.001), history of fluorinated pyrimidine administration (OR = 2.42; 95% CI = 1.10-5.33; P = 0.027), and early onset (within 21 days) of Grade 1 HFSR (OR = 3.78; 95% CI = 1.64-8.70; P = 0.001). Conclusions: HFSR in CapeOx therapy is a cumulative toxicity and risk of exacerbation to a serious condition increases with diabetes, concomitant use of bevacizumab, history of fluorinated pyrimidine administration, and onset of Grade 1 HFSR within 21 days.
Algorithm for Severe Hallux Valgus Associated With Metatarsus Adductus
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Aydogan Umur
Published: July 2015

Background:

Radiographic angles, such as the intermetatarsal angle, hallux valgus angle, and distal metatarsal articular angle, are commonly used to help guide operative planning for soft tissue and osseous treatment options for hallux valgus. Hallux valgus treatment in the setting of associated metatarsus adductus is less common and not well described. The presence of metatarsus adductus reduces the gap between the first and second metatarsals. Consequently, it complicates the measurement of the first-second intermetatarsal angle and can limit the area available for transposition of the first metatarsal head. A compensatory pronation is also created, which must be compensated for. We present 4 cases of patients that had hallux valgus with severe metatarsus adductus treated operatively, as well as a treatment algorithm.

Methods:

For concomitant correction of both the metatarsus adductus and the hallux valgus, a thorough surgical treatment algorithm was implemented to address the hallux, lesser toe deformities, and pes planus deformity. Postoperatively, the patients were kept non–weight bearing for 6 weeks, followed by gradual weight bearing in a protective boot. Physical therapy was instituted at the start of weight bearing to encourage a return to activities of daily living.

Results:

At follow-up, patients reported significant relief of their pain symptoms with a narrower and improved appearance of the foot. No recurrence was noted. One patient used a medial arch support but was otherwise symptom free. Radiographic measurements improved on postoperative radiographs.

Conclusions:

For the treatment of hallux valgus with metatarsus adductus, the second and third metatarsals may need to be addressed for the first metatarsal to be laterally transposed adequately. Overall, this comprehensive approach addresses the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot for patients with hallux valgus associated with metatarsus adductus, with successful results.

Level of Evidence:

Level V, case series.
Bifurcation and factors influence analysis on self-excited vibration of tire tread
Authors: Wu Xudong , Shuguang Zuo , Tianxin Ni
Published: July 2015

The purpose behind this work is to discuss dynamic stability when self-excited vibration occurs on tire tread. First of all, a suspension-tire-tread model has been built for simulation, and the result shows the existence of self-excited vibration on tire tread under particular conditions. A six-component test of the wheel indicates that self-excited vibration often takes place on tire tread when the vehicle travels straightaway at high speed. Then, through bifurcation analysis of tire tread, we found that the speed of the vehicle and slip angle of the wheel play significant roles in vibration generation. Within the lateral speed component caused by the tiny slip angle, equivalent damping of system turns to negative and thus provides enough energy to be consumed by obstructions. In order to investigate the influence of this self-excited vibration on the system, the system model has been simulated with different parameters, such as vehicle speed, vertical load, and tire pressure. The result explains different wear characteristics from the driven wheel to the driving wheel, which provides the basis of polygonal wear calculation.
Diagnosis and management of Transposition of great arteries within a pediatric cardiology network with the aid of telemedicine: A case report from Brazil
Authors: Galdino Millena M , Hazin Sheila MV , de Araújo Juliana SS , Regis Cláudio T , Rodrigues Klecida N , Mourato Felipe A , Mattos Sandra da Silva
Published: July 2015

We present a case of a newborn from a remote, underserved area in the inland of Paraíba, a state from Northeast Brazil. She presented with clinical cyanosis at birth. With the aid of telemedicine, a neonatologist under online cardiology supervision performed a screening echocardiogram. The session established the diagnosis of simple transposition of the great vessels in the baby’s first few hours of life. During the same telemedicine session, the necessary arrangements for transferal to a larger maternity center took place. The baby was maintained stable on prostaglandins and was subsequently transferred to a tertiary cardiac center in the neighboring State, Pernambuco. She underwent anatomical correction at day 10, presented no surgical or postoperative complications, and was discharged home at the age of 21 days. She is now over three years old and continues her follow-up care mostly at her hometown, with local pediatricians under online supervision by a cardiologist in a virtual outpatient clinic. The establishment of a Pediatric Cardiology Network, with the aid of telemedicine, can produce a major impact on the access to specialized health care for poor regions of developing countries.
Perceptions of women of color who claim compound discrimination: Interpersonal judgments and perceived credibility
Authors: Remedios Jessica D. , Snyder Samantha H. , Lizza Charles A.
Published: July 2015

People of color who attribute rejection to racism and women who attribute rejection to sexism are perceived as troublemakers. Women of color may encounter racism and sexism simultaneously; however, it is unclear how compound discrimination claims are perceived. We examined interpersonal judgments of claimants and perceptions of the credibility of compound discrimination claims. In contrast to the double jeopardy perspective, which predicts that the consequences of multiple stigmas are cumulative, a Black woman (Study 1) was not perceived as a bigger troublemaker when she attributed rejection to compound discrimination versus either racism or sexism. Instead, racism and compound discrimination claims incurred similarly high interpersonal costs. Likewise, an Asian woman (Study 2) was not perceived as less credible when she attributed rejection to compound discrimination versus either racism or sexism. Instead, compound discrimination was the only discrimination attribution reliably judged as more credible and appropriate than baseline.
Brazilian Community Media
Authors: Mayer Vicki
Published: July 2015

Editor Vicki Mayer interviews University of Brasilia (UnB) professor Fernando Oliveira Paulino about his experiences with Brazilian community media initiatives at the university and in the Brazilian historical context.
Study on shear resistance of fiberreinforced polymer–reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Valivonis Juozas , Budvytis Marius , Atutis Mantas , Atutis Edgaras , Juknevičius Linas
Published: July 2015

This article is aimed to investigate the shear resistance of the beams reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer stirrups. Together with theoretical analysis of the existing shear resistance provisions in design codes and literature, an experimental research was performed. During the experimental investigation, four doubly reinforced rectangular concrete beams were designed, produced, and tested to failure. A new analytical calculation method (including, but not limited to statistical validation) to investigate the shear response of fiber-reinforced polymer–reinforced concrete beams has been developed. A database with 102 beams was compiled, in order to evaluate the guideline provisions and proposed analytical calculation method. The experimental results were compared with theoretical results obtained by the proposed analytical calculation method. Correlation between analytical and experimental results is more accurate than using the existing provisions in design codes and literature for fiber-reinforced polymer–reinforced concrete beams.
Perioperative diagnosis of euglycaemic ketoacidosis
Authors: Yeow Chia , Wilson Frederick , Walter Edward , Sultan Javed
Published: July 2015

Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis is a term describing features of diabetic ketoacidosis but with normoglycaemia. We present a case of a perioperative diagnosis of euglycaemic ketoacidosis in a patient not known to be diabetic, and the subsequent management of the patient. A 65-year-old lady was scheduled for re-exploration of a giant paraoesophageal hernia, which had been initially repaired over six weeks previously. She developed dysphagia soon after the initial surgery and had low caloric intake. Arterial blood gases performed intraoperatively revealed metabolic acidosis with a normal lactate level. It did not respond to intravenous fluid therapy and sodium bicarbonate. Euglycaemic ketoacidosis was confirmed with raised serum ketone level. Insulin and dextrose infusions were commenced and she was managed in intensive care unit where the metabolic acidosis resolved over a 12-h period.
Modeling Affect Dynamics: State of the Art and Future Challenges
Authors: Hamaker E. L. , Ceulemans E. , Grasman R. P. P. P. , Tuerlinckx F.
Published: July 2015

The current article aims to provide an up-to-date synopsis of available techniques to study affect dynamics using intensive longitudinal data (ILD). We do so by introducing the following eight dichotomies that help elucidate what kind of data one has, what process aspects are of interest, and what research questions are being considered: (1) single- versus multiple-person data; (2) univariate versus multivariate models; (3) stationary versus nonstationary models; (4) linear versus nonlinear models; (5) discrete time versus continuous time models; (6) discrete versus continuous variables; (7) time versus frequency domain; and (8) modeling the process versus computing descriptives. In addition, we discuss what we believe to be the most urging future challenges regarding the modeling of affect dynamics.
This Time, It’s Real: Affective Flexibility, Time Scales, Feedback Loops, and the Regulation of Emotion
Authors: Hollenstein Tom
Published: July 2015

Because both emotional arousal and regulation are continuous, ongoing processes, it is difficult, if not impossible, to separate them. Thus, affective dynamics can reveal the regulation of emotion as it occurs in real time. One way that this can be done is through the examination of intra- and interpersonal flexibility or the transitions into and out of affective states. The present article reviews and then expands upon the Flex3 model of real-time dynamic and reactive flexibility, specifying the ways in which individual differences in emotion regulation manifest as differences in flexibility. The differences in results at the real-time scale versus diurnal variability are also discussed within an emotion regulation framework.
Comment: Affective Chronometry Has Come of Age
Authors: Davidson Richard J.
Published: July 2015

The articles in this special section attest to the vibrancy of research on affective dynamics. In this article, I raise a number of fundamental questions about affective chronometry that remain unanswered and largely unasked. These questions are: (a) What is the relation between the time course of positive and negative affect?; (b) What is the relation among measures that operate at different time scales?; (c) What underlies the duration of subjectively experienced emotion?; (d) Which parameters of affective chronometry matter most for psychological and physical health and well-being?; and (e) Which interventions might specifically relieve suffering and promote well-being via impact on affective chronometry? The article concludes with some recommendations for future research in this area.
It’s About Time: A Special Section on Affect Dynamics
Authors: Kuppens Peter
Published: July 2015

The study of affect dynamics aims to discover the patterns and regularities with which emotions and affective experiences and components change across time, the underlying mechanisms involved, and their potential relevance for healthy psychological functioning. The intention of this special section is to serve as a mini handbook covering the contemporary state of research into affect dynamics. Contributions address theoretical viewpoints on the origins and functions of emotional change, methodological and modeling approaches, biological and social perspectives on affect dynamics, and the downstream consequences for well-being and psychopathology.
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and its management
Authors: Spicuzza Lucia , Caruso Daniela , Di Maria Giuseppe
Published: July 2015

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by repetitive episodes of nocturnal breathing cessation due to upper airway collapse. OSA causes severe symptoms, such as excessive daytime somnolence, and is associated with a significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Different treatment options are now available for an effective management of this disease. After more than three decades from its first use, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is still recognized as the gold standard treatment. Nasal CPAP (nCPAP) is highly effective in controlling symptoms, improving quality of life and reducing the clinical sequelae of sleep apnoea. Other positive airway pressure modalities are available for patients intolerant to CPAP or requiring high levels of positive pressure. Mandibular advancement devices, particularly if custom made, are effective in mild to moderate OSA and provide a viable alternative for patients intolerant to CPAP therapy. The role of surgery remains controversial. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty is a well established procedure and can be considered when treatment with CPAP has failed, whereas maxillar-mandibular surgery can be suggested to patients with a craniofacial malformation. A number of minimally invasive procedures to treat snoring are currently under evaluation. Weight loss improves symptoms and morbidity in all patients with obesity and bariatric surgery is an option in severe obesity. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary for an accurate management of the disease.