bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Identification to Local Coral Bleaching Event in Manjuto Beach, Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra: Hydro-Oceanographic Perspectives
Authors: Wisha Ulung Jantama , Dhiauddin Ruzana , Rahmawan Guntur Adhi , Wijaya Yusuf Jati
Published: September 2021

Highlight ResarchThe cause of local coral bleaching in Manjuto Beash has been addressed.The influence of ebb-tide cycles on salinity mixing and stratification was analyzed.Spatial analysis Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSASv5) was conducted to determine the coastline changes in Manjuto Beach.Flow model flexible mesh was simulated to determine the flow pattern within Sungai Pinang Bay.AbstractIn October 2019, the local community reported the occurrence of coral bleaching of a colony of Acropora sp. at Manjuto Beach, Pesisir Selatan Regency experienced bleaching. It was published in several local news, becoming a trending topic among local and central government authorities and coastal communities. There were many inaccuracies about the cause of this phenomenon. This study aimed to identify the causes of local coral bleaching in Manjuto Beach based on oceanographic perspectives. The water quality data collected using TOA DKK water quality checker in the surrounding Manjuto Beach were assessed descriptive-statistically. This study also analyzed the spatial changes of the coastline using DSASv5. A time series of tidal data was also used to analyze the tidal range-induced salinity stratification. A flow model with a flexible mesh was also simulated to determine the water mass movement and longshore current patterns in Manjuto Beach. Dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and salinity showed anomalies compared to the water quality standard to support marine life. During both flood and ebb tides, it ranged from 5.8-11.2 mg/L, 28-28.3oC, and 25-28 o/oo, respectively. The other parameters measured (pH, conductivity, turbidity, and density) were suitable for marine biota. The findings show that tidal range has a unique influence on salinity stratification. The intrusion of groundwater supply resulted in lowering of salinity, inducing local coral bleaching in Manjuto Beach. Changes in salinity levels were also triggered by tidal current ranging from 0-0.31 m/s resulting in cumulative salinity shock. Currently, Manjuto Beach is experiencing accretion ranging from 2.36-3.17 m/year, altering the water coverage through the flood-ebb cycles. Those states cause cumulative sun rays’ exposures and salinity shock induced by flood-ebb cycles. That is why local coral bleaching event is undoubtedly avoided.
Exploration of Antimicrobial Potency of Mangrove Symbiont Against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Pringgenies Delianis , Setyati Wilis Ari , Djunaedi Ali , Pramesti Rini , Rudiyanti Siti , Ariyanto Dafit
Published: September 2021

Highlight ResearchAntimicrobial potential against the test microbesRhizhopora mucronata isolate showed 95% homology with Bacillus subtilis, and 97% homology with Bacillus oceanisediminis,Acanthus ilicifolius isolate showed 96% homology with Paracoccus caeni, and 89% homology with Bacillus circulans. The study found 4 isolates with antimicrobial potency against MDR pathogenic microbes.The symbiont microbes taken from Rhizophora mucronata and Acanthus ilicifolius were determined to be of the genus Bacillus and Paracoccus AbstractAntimicrobial property of mangrove symbiont have the ability to fight Multi Drug Resistant bacteria which were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio haryeyi. This study aimed to determine the potential of symbiont microbes from the root of Rhizopora mucronata and Acanthus iilicifolius as antimicrobial agents against multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic microbes. This research was conducted during July to November 2020. The MDR bacteria were S. aureus, E. coli, and V. harveyi MDR test microbes. The symbiont microbes were identified through molecular analyses (PCR 16S rDNA). Isolation of symbiont microbes from R. mucronata resulted in 16 isolates, while isolation from A. iilicifolius resulted in 14 isolates. Based on the antimicrobial qualitative test against S. aureus, 8 out of 16 microbial isolates from R. mucronata were found to show antimicrobial properties. The testing of A. ilicifolius symbiont microbes against S. aureus showed 8 out of 14 isolates with antimicrobial properties. The test against E. coli resulted in 2 out of 16 microbial isolates from R. mucronata and 5 out of 14 isolates from A. ilicifolius with antimicrobial properties. The test against V. harveyi resulted in two out of 16 microbial isolates from R.mucronata and 4 out of 14 isolates from A. ilicifolius with antimicrobial properties. The quantitative test found 2 isolates from R. mucronta, namely isolates RM10 and RM12, with antimicrobial properties against MDR strain E. coli, with the best isolate being RM10, which produced 11.22 mm of inhibition zone diameter. Furthermore, the selection of isolates was based on the size of the inhibition zone, the clearness of the inhibition zone and the potential for antibacterial activity. Based on their overall antimicrobial potential against the test microbes, four isolates were selected.  Molecular analyses of RM12 isolate showed 95% homology with Bacillus subtilis, of RM 10 isolate showed 97% homology with Bacillus oceanisediminis, of AC isolate showed 96% homology with Paracoccus caeni, and of AC 5 isolate showed 89% homology with Bacillus circulans. The study found four isolates with antimicrobial potency against MDR pathogenic microbes. The symbiont microbes taken from R. mucronata and A. ilicifolius were determined to be of the genus Bacillus and Paracoccus.
Fatty Acid Profiling of Moina sp. Preserved in Cryoprotective Agents at Low Temperature
Authors: Karim Dr. Nurul Ulfah , Sofian Muhammad Fathi , Yusuf Hanan , Kamal Abu Hena Mustafa
Published: September 2021

Highlight ResearchSaturated fatty acid (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), ∑ ω6 and ∑ ω3 of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% GLY decreased with prolong storage.FA of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% EG showed a significant reduced only after M3.Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and PUFA of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% DMSO increased significantly (p<0.05) after M3.Moina sp. preserved in 5% DMSO maintain the docosaheaenoic acid (DHA) level, which could be potential method for long-term preservation.AbstractMoina sp. is an important feed for larval and post-larval rearing of aquaculture species. Preservation of Moina sp. using various preservation agents and techniques is known to be less time-consuming procedure in maintaining large number of feed in hatchery management. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the changes of fatty acid (FA) composition of Moina sp. preserved at 5, 10 and 20% in glycerol (GLY), ethylene glycol (EG) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 1 to 3 months (M1-M3). Moina sp. without cryoprotectant agents stored at -40°C as controls. Saturated fatty acid (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), ∑ ω6 and ∑ ω3 of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% GLY decreased with prolonging storage. FA of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% EG showed a significant reduction only after M3. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and PUFA of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% DMSO increased significantly (p<0.05) after M3. Moina sp. preserved in 5% DMSO maintain the docosaheaenoic acid (DHA) level, which could be a potential method for long-term preservation.
The grouping of industrial enterprises by capacity utilization rate and level of debts to banks (III Quarter of 2020)
Authors: Aukutsionek S. , Dyomina N. , Bashirova I. , Serzhantova T. , Belyakov S.
Published: September 2021

Russian industrial enterprises, examined by the Russian Economic Barometer are grouped according to two criteria: the level of capacity utilization rate, as well as the level of debts to banks. This grouping allows you to see how key characteristics of enterprises differ depending on how their production capacities are loaded and what level of debts to banks they have. Data are presented for the third quarter of 2020.
Epistemological Understanding of Science Embedded within Shad Darsana and Buddhist Philosophy
Authors: Koirala Kamal Prasad , Koirala Bidya Nath , Gurung Gem Prasad
Published: September 2021

This paper focuses on the epistemological understanding of finding the science embedded within Shad darsana and Buddhist philosophy. The primary rationale of this study is to dig out the scientific notion that consists of Shad darsana and Buddhist philosophy. Shad darsana or six systems of Hindu philosophy considered as the orthodox/astika philosophy and accept the authority of Vedas, which included Nyaya, Vaisesika, Sankey, Yoga, Poorva Mimamsa and Uttar Mimamsa. Pratyaksa/Perception, Anuman/Inference, Upamana/Comparison, Sabda (word) or testimony are considered the achieving and transforming ways of valid knowledge of Shad darsana like modern science. Astanga yoga, introduced by seer Patanjali, is regarded as a pioneer scientific practice in the modern era for the connection of mind, body and soul; and is useful to control the COVID 19 pandemic. Buddhist philosophy is considered as the heterodox/nastic or materialist philosophy; that is, it does not believe in the authenticity of Veda. It is mainly based on four universal truths and ways of elimination of sin doing practical meditation way. Madhyama Pratipada, Pratityasamutpada, Nirvana, Ksanabhangavada and Anatmavada are scientific processes of achieving knowledge in Buddhist philosophy.
Negotiating Terrain in Local Governance
Authors: Paul Norvy , Pulla Venkat
Published: September 2021

Part of Series of Book Edited by Carlos Nunes Silva

ISBN 978-3-030-60663-3

ebook: 106,99 €; hardcover: 135,19 €

Included format: EPUB, PDF

https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030606626

Publisher: Springer Nature, Switzerland AG 2020
Students Enrollment in Social Work Courses in Indian Higher Educational Institutions: An Analysis
Authors: Bhatt Sanjai
Published: September 2021

This study aims to analyse students’ enrollment in social work courses in Indian higher educational institutions. The higher education system in India is one of the world's largest systems of its kind. There are 526 social work educational institutions and 181 Universities (20 per cent) imparting social work education and training at different levels. The data from the reports of All India Survey on Higher Education for the period of 2010-11 to 2018-19 was analysed. More than half (59.12 per cent) of the institutions are teaching undergraduate courses in social work (BSW), and more than 95 per cent are teaching postgraduate courses (MSW). Male students outnumbered female students in both courses. The share of students enrolled through distance mode of education in BSW and MSW programmes is 22 per cent and 34.09 per cent, respectively. Student enrollment at the M. Phil level has witnessed a sudden decline, but there has been a consistent increase in the Ph.D. programme. India has added around 0.36 million BSWs/MSWs in the past eight years, averaging forty-five thousand professional social workers per annum. The changes in the socio-political environment, human relationships and social space, technology, and globalisation processes and global agenda will decide the future of social work in India.
The Complete Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: September 2021

Robin criterion states that the Riemann Hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $\sigma(n) < e^{\gamma } \times n \times \log \log n$ holds for all $n > 5040$, where $\sigma(n)$ is the sum-of-divisors function and $\gamma \approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. We prove that the Robin inequality is true for all $n > 5040$ which are not divisible by any prime number between $2$ and $953$. Using this result, we show there is a contradiction just assuming the possible smallest counterexample $n > 5040$ of the Robin inequality. In this way, we prove that the Robin inequality is true for all $n > 5040$ and thus, the Riemann Hypothesis is true.
Calculation of the position of spectral lines in the intermediate coupling approximation taking into account the interaction of configurations
Authors: Vichev Ilia Yurievich , Kim Dmitrii Andreevich , Solomyannaya Anna Dmitrievna , Grushin Alexander Sergeevich , Iartsev Boris Leonidovich
Published: September 2021

When modeling experimental spectra, special attention is paid to the accuracy of the position of spectral lines, which in many-electron ions depends not only on the spin-orbital and electrostatic interaction, but also on the interaction of configurations. In order to improve the THERMOS complex on the basis of an intermediate-type bond, a module was developed that uses the Ritz method to calculate the splitting of ion levels due to the spin-orbit interaction, taking into account the interaction of configurations. Comparisons of the results obtained for lithium and iron plasma are made.
Growth Response of Local Cassava to Cutting Models and the Number of Buds
Authors: Hartati Tri Mulya , Roini Chumidach , Rodianawati Indah
Published: September 2021

Cassava is one of the local food sources that are widely available in almost every region. Cuttings are used to plant cassava, and these cuttings will produce a number of roots and buds. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cuttings slices model and the number of buds on the growth of Tobelo local varieties of cassava. This study employed a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), with the cuttings slices model as the first factor, consisting of three levels, namely: flat slice, one-sided slice and two-sided slice. The second factor is the number of buds, which is divided into three levels, 1 bud, 2 buds and 3 buds. The observation parameters in this study include plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and leaf area. The results have revealed that the model of two-sided sliced cuttings combined with the number of one bud is the most effective treatment in improving the growth of cassava plants of Tobelo local varieties. The models of one-sided and two-sided oblique cuttings slices yield the highest average value for the parameters of plant height, stem diameter and leaf area, while the treatment with one bud tends to give the best results for the growth parameters.
Soil Quality at Rice Fields with Organic, Semi-organic and Inorganic Management in Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Vera Intan Lestari Prima , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: September 2021

The high demand of rice is fulfilled by intensification, particularly with the use of chemical fertilizer that allegedly causes land and environmental problems in a long term. As public awareness of environmental health rises, more rice fields are managed organically and semi-organically, but there are still many that manage rice fields inorganically. Assessment of soil quality of the three types of rice field management is important to prove that organic rice fields have better soil quality than semi-organic and inorganic rice fields, as well as to evaluate soil conditions on the location. This research was conducted in Girimarto, Wonogiri, Indonesia, using a descriptive explorative method with a survey approach on three points of each management system of rice fields, which are organic, semi-organic and inorganic rice fields. Statistical analysis was performed by Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the indicators affecting soil quality, which are called the minimum data set (MDS). There were selected indicators in this research, including total microbes, base saturation, cation exchangeable capacity and organic carbon. Based on the results of the study, organic rice fields have the best soil quality with a score of soil quality index (SQI) of 2.3, compared to semi-organic rice field SQI (2.2) and inorganic rice field SQI (1.7). The results indicate that organic management contributes to better soil quality and environment.
Effects of Spent and Deoiled Bleaching Earth Filler-Based NPK Fertilization on the Soil Nutrient Status and Growth of Soybean (Glycine max (L. ) Merrill)
Authors: Wisnubroto Muhammad Parikesit , Putra Eka Tarwaca Susila , Kurniasih Budiastuti
Published: September 2021

The bleaching process at the crude palm oil (CPO) refinery stage is one of the processes sufficient to determine the quality of the cooking oil produced. CPO is refined to eliminate the unacceptable substances before consumption. The process produces spent bleaching earth (SBE) and deoiled bleaching earth (DBE) classified as hazardous and toxic material waste. However, according to several studies, SBE and DBE have the potential as filler materials in NPK fertilizers. This study aimed to study the effect of SBE and DBE filler-based NPK fertilization on the soil nutrient status and growth characteristics of soybean, thereby determining if the SBE and DBE materials can be used to replace some of the filler components in the NPK fertilizers. The study was a single factor experiment arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of four blocks as replications. The treatments tested were fertilization of 10% bentonite clay mineral filler-based NPK (control), 5% bentonite clay mineral + 5% SBE filler-based NPK and 5% bentonite clay mineral + 5% DBE filler-based NPK. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and tested using LSD test at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the SBE and DBE materials could partially replace the filler components in bentonite clay filler-based NPK fertilizers, which were shown to have the same effect on soil chemical properties and levels of heavy metals after treatment, levels and uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in plants tissues and growth characteristic in the form of total dry weight.
Yield and Nutritional Quality of Green Leafy Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under Soilless Culture System Using Various Composition of Growing Media and Vermicompost Rates
Authors: Nurhidayati Nurhidayati , Machfudz Masyhuri , Basit Abdul
Published: September 2021

Soilless culture system (SCS) production is preferred because it is more hygienic and highly nutritious and free of chemical pesticides. However, the application of organic fertilizers in SCS for green vegetable cultivation is still rarely used. This study was to test various growing media compositions and vermicompost rates on green lettuce's nutritional quality. Four types of growing media (using the mixture of cocopeat, zeolite, rice husk biochar and sand) and five levels of vermicompost rates (50-250 g pot-1) were tested. The greatest total fresh weight and marketable yield were found using 55% cocopeat, 30% rice husk biochar and 15% sand with a vermicompost rate of 250 g pot-1. The highest nutritional quality of green lettuce as measured by the highest content of chlorophyll A, B, the total chlorophyll and calcium (Ca) was found in the composition of cocopeat 55%, zeolite 30% and sand 15%. As was, the highest mineral content of of potassium (K) and phosphorus (P). Good quality lettuce was found in growing media using 30% biochar with a vermicompost rates of 200-250 g pot-1 and growing media using 30% zeolite with a vermicompost rates of 150-200 g pot-1. Thus, the admixtures of biochar and zeolite into the cocopeat substrate for the soilless culture system of green leafy lettuce significantly affected yield and nutritional quality.
Abundance and Diversity Index of Weeds in Oil Palm and Vegetable Intercropping in Rainforest Zone of Nigeria
Authors: Oluwatobi Ayodele Samuel , Olorunmaiye Kehinde Stephen
Published: September 2021

The problem of severe weed infestation often arises during the early phases of establishment of oil palm field due to the spacing requirement and growth habit of young oil palm plantation until later years when the canopy closes. This study was conducted at Ala, Akure-North Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria, to investigate the composition of weed species and their distribution in fruit vegetable-juvenile oil palm intercrop. The fallow alleys within the immature oil palm were intercropped with 2 accessions of tomato (NGB 01665 and NG/AA/SEP/09/053) and eggplant (NGB 01737). The sampling of the weed species was carried out with a quadrat (0.25 m2). Weed species parameters and the Diversity Index (D) were quantitatively analyzed. The results revealed that members of Asteraceae and Poaceae gave the highest weed species at 3 and 6 weeks after intercropping (WAI) (17.857% and 19.04%) respectively. A total of 23 and 16 were found at 3 and 6 WAI, while the least diversity index of 0.734 was recorded in the immature oil palm/tomato (NGB 01665) plot at 6 WAI. Farmers should be persuaded to simultaneously intercrop fruit vegetables within the alley of juvenile oil palm, particularly at the earlier years prior to closure of the oil palm canopy.
Proposing a Method to Analyze Slope Displacement Using the Distance Image Data of Depth Camera
Authors: Onoue Yasuhiro ,   Storm, Flood and Landslide Research Division, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan, Ishizawa Tomohiro , Danjo Toru , Fukuzono Teruki
Published: September 2021

Sediment disasters have occurred with higher frequencies in recent years because of local heavy rains caused by line-shaped precipitation systems and torrential rains accompanying large typhoons. Since rescue operators are constantly under physical risk at disaster sites, there is a need for technologies to predict the occurrence of secondary disasters. The authors research the measurement of slope displacements by focusing on a depth camera that is readily deployable, can be easily set up, and enables monitoring of an extensive area but does not require expert knowledge to carry out measurements. In this process, we confirmed the difficulty of measuring slope changes preceding failure when the depth camera (DC) is set at a distance because of the large measurement errors caused by the limited depth resolution and poor measurement conditions under rainfall. In this study, we propose a new method for analyzing depth image data obtained by a depth camera and verify its validity for displacement measurements. After comparing the previous and proposed methods, we could confirm that the latter enables one to detect slope changes from minute deformations. When compared with the results of extensometers that directly measured the slope, we found that the results displayed similar tendencies of increase. Therefore, by measuring displacements preceding a slope failure using a depth camera and analyzing the depth image data acquired using the proposed method, we found that it is possible to detect minute changes that precede slope failures.
Two Major Elements of Life Recovery After a Disaster: Their Impacts Dependent on Housing Damage and the Contributions of Psycho-Behavioral Factors
Authors: Sato Shosuke , Ishibashi Ryo , Sugiura Motoaki ,   International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University 468-1 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan,   Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
Published: September 2021

Clarification of the individual factors determining the speed and quality of life recovery after massive disasters is crucial in assessing the vulnerability and resilience of individuals and communities. The research, however, remains in its infancy in that the index of life recovery per se is yet to be established; researchers have utilized different sets of variables, and their importance seems to vary across recovery phases potentially reflecting the change in housing situation. In addition, previous research on promoting factors of life recovery has primarily focused on demographic factors and inadequately addressed the psychological and behavioral factors, which has large educational and cultural implications. In this study, to address these two issues, we analyzed the survey data of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami disaster. First, from the multiple questionnaire items relevant to the situations of life recovery, we extracted the major elements by factor analysis and investigated their relationship to subjective sense of life recovery. At this time, we compared the relationships obtained between victims who lost their housing and those who did not. Then, we examined the psycho-behavioral as well as demographic factors promoting these life-recovery elements. The factor analysis provides two recovery elements: Well-being (health and social connections) and Housing Recovery (integrity of residential environment). The main determinant of subjective sense of life recovery was the housing recovery element for victims who had lost their houses, while it was the well-being element for those who did not experience housing loss. Among the demographic factors, a robust effect of income on the housing recovery element was identified in both victim groups while the effect of age and household structures on the two elements varied between groups. We clarified that different psycho-behavioral factors promoted two life-recovery elements. Across groups, contribution of leadership to the housing recovery element and that of neuroticism (negative), emotional regulation, and active well-being to the well-being element were identified. The former finding is consistent with the importance of consensus building in housing reconstruction, and the latter may reflect the role of common psycho-behavioral capacity oriented to individuals’ well-being including social aspects. The two life-recovery elements and their promoting factors thus identified may provide a parsimonious macroscopic framework for the evaluation and promotion of life recovery from disasters, and have practical utility for an educational approach to strengthening community resilience.
Geophysics in Oman
Authors: Onderwaater Jaap , Wams Jan , Potters Hans
Published: September 2021

To date Petroleum Development Oman has acquired approximately 200,000 kilometers of 2-D and 20,000 square kilometers of 3-D seismic data. Five 3-D and one 2-D crews are operated by contractors. For 3-D surveys PDO uses 2 vibrator source groups recording a “double zig-zag”. The vibrators have GPS systems. The standard spread consists of 4 receiver lines of 120 active channels, spaced 200 meters apart, with receiver spacing of 50 meters. Bin size is 25 by 25 meters, multiplicity is 60 fold and the active spread is 6 kilometers. Most of the seismic data is processed inhouse by CGG. Additionally PDO uses proprietary software for bench-marking, training and attribute studies. Recent lines recorded with vibroseis, rather than thumper, and long offsets (4 to 6 km compared to 2 km) have improved both shallow (1 to 1.5 second) and deep reflections including sub-salt events (>2.5 second). Improved data quality has better imaged exploration targets (e.g. post-salt Haima and intra-salt Athel) and reservoir geometry (e.g. Alkhlata and Gharif). Proper imaging of the Athel silicilyte may require 3-D pre-stack depth migration. The application of other geophysical techniques including gravity, aeromagnetics, seismic attribute analysis and borehole geophysics has also proven useful, particularly where conventional seismic data quality is poor.
The Tórtola Fluvial System: An Analogue for the Upper Gharif of the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Silva Fernando P. , Martinius Allard W. , Weber Koenraad J.
Published: September 2021

The late Oligocene to early Miocene Tórtola Fluvial System of the Loranca Basin, Central Iberian Peninsula is interpreted as an analogue outcrop of the upper member of the Gharif Formation in West Central Oman. The analysis of the depositional environment of the Tórtola and its controlling factors are used to understand the three-dimensional architecture of the Upper Gharif. The distribution of facies and sedimentological variability of the Tórtola is presented in terms of numerical data. Thickness variations from 3 to 16 meters, and average widths of approximately 300 meters, of the Gharif channel sandstones in fields located in West Central Oman, are similar to those of the Tórtola succession. A climatic-controlled model is described and used to explain and predict the occurrence, continuity and evolution of sandstone bodies, both laterally and longitudinally.
Grooming canino a domicilio
Authors:   , Herrera Pastor Domingo , Reyes Tamara Estrella Shirle , Salazar Urrutia Indira Hayli , Vela Oyola Jorge Fabrizio
Published: September 2021

Gromming a domicilio es un negocio de cuidado animal dedicado al baño y corte de pelo para perros de todas las razas, únicamente canes, brindando el servicio en la unidad móvil la cual llega hasta la casa del cliente. Es un negocio que pertenece al giro de cuidados veterinarios por lo que se necesita contar con personal especializado en cuidados animales de este tipo. Inicialmente el proyecto está pensado para comenzar operaciones en el distrito de Chorrillos con proyección a una ampliación paulatina de la flota para atender los distritos del sector socioeconómico A y B donde se concentra la mayor población de personas que contrata este tipo de servicios para sus animales. La gran diferencia entre este nuevo concepto y el concepto tradicional se basa en la eliminación de tiempos de espera y traslado de las mascotas a los locales especializados ya que en el tráiler de la unidad móvil se cuenta con todos los equipos e insumos necesarios para poder brindar de manera óptima estos cuidados. En consecuencia, la eliminación de estos factores críticos se aumenta el bienestar general de las mascotas, reduciendo significativamente la carga de estrés y los traumas por largas horas encerrados en cubículos pequeños. En el caso de los dueños estos tienen la posibilidad de observar en todo momento de qué manera se está tratando a su mascota, que productos se utilizan y como se les baña, con la finalidad de darle mayor tranquilidad y confianza en el servicio que reciben sus mascotas.
Tratamientos de lesiones de furca grado II en molares inferiores. Una revisión de la literatura.
Authors:   , Alarcón Custodio Wendy Milagros
Published: September 2021

La presencia de lesiones de furca en las molares aumentan el riesgo de que se puedan perder. Estas lesiones representan uno de los mayores desafíos tanto para el paciente como para el periodoncista debido al difícil acceso que tienen, su compleja anatomía y la presencia de irregularidades en su superficie, lo que complica el control de la placa bacteriana. Pese a la cantidad de opciones para reemplazar la pérdida dental, ciertos pacientes prefieren mantener sus dientes naturales en boca antes de aceptar la extracción y la colocación de implantes dentales. Es por esto que el objetivo de esta revisión de la literatura será evaluar la evidencia científica de los tratamientos de las lesiones de furca grado II en molares inferiores.
Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting and Child, Early or Forced Marriages in Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia and Senegal
Authors: Esho Tammary , Matanda Dennis J. , Abuya Timothy , Abebe Sintayehu , Hailu Yeshitila , Camara Khaltoume , Mouhammed Bachir , Kapsandui Tonny , Kamanzi Lilian , Wabwire Andrew , Kagurusi Patrick , Nankanja Maureen , Gitimu Anne , Kawai David , Kogada John , Ondigo Millicent , Osur Joachim
Published: September 2021

Background

The effects of COVID-19 on harmful traditional practices such Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) and Child, Early or Forced Marriages (CEFM) have not been well documented. We examined how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected FGM/C and CEFM in Kenya, Uganda, Senegal, and Ethiopia.
Methods

A cross-sectional study design with a mixed methods approach was used. Household surveys targeting women and men aged 15–49 years in Kenya (n = 312), Uganda (n = 278), Ethiopia (n = 251), and Senegal (n = 208) were conducted. Thirty-eight in-depth interviews with programme implementers and policymakers were carried out in Kenya (n = 17), Uganda (n = 9), Ethiopia (n = 8), and Senegal (n = 4).
Results

In Kenya, the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the increase in both FGM/C and CEFM cases. Minimal increase of FGM/C cases was reported in Uganda and a significant increase in CEFM cases. In Ethiopia, the COVID-19 pandemic had a limited effect on changes in FGM/C and CEFM. In Senegal, there were minimal effects of COVID-19 on the number of FGM/C and CEFM cases. The pandemic has negatively affected implementation of interventions by the justice and legal system, the health system, and civil societies.
Conclusions

The pandemic has had varied effects on FGM/C and CEFM across the four countries. Across the four countries, the pandemic has negatively affected implementation of interventions by the various sectors that are responsible for preventing and responding to FGM/C and CEFM. This calls for innovative approaches in intervening in the various communities to ensure that women and girls at risk of FGM/C and CEFM or in need of services are reached during the pandemic. Evidence on how effective alternative approaches such as the use of call centres, radio talk shows and the use of local champions as part of risk communication in preventing and responding to FGM/C and CEFM amid COVID-19 is urgently required.
Impact of Transitioning to Virtual Delivery of a Cardiovascular Health Improvement Program for Latinos During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Iglesias Amelia , Ambrose Ashley , Coronel-Mockler Stephanie , Kilbourn Kristin , Bonaca Marc P , Estacio Raymond O. , Krantz Mori J
Published: September 2021

Background: Community Heart Health Actions for Latinos at Risk (CHARLAR) is a promotora-led cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk-reduction program for socio-demographically disadvantaged Latinos and consists of 11 skill-building sessions. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to worsening health status in U.S. adults and necessitated transition to virtual implementation of the CHARLAR program. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used to evaluate virtual delivery of CHARLAR. Changes in health behaviors were assessed through a pre/post program survey. Results from virtual and historical (in-person delivery) were compared. Key informant interviews were conducted with promotoras and randomly selected participants and then coded and analyzed using a thematic approach.Results: An increase in days of exercise per week (+1.52), daily servings of fruit (+0.60) and vegetables (+0.56), and self-reported general health (+0.38), were observed in the virtual cohort [all p<0.05]. A numeric decrease in PHQ-8 (-1.07 p= .067) was also noted. The historical cohort showed similar improvements from baseline in days of exercise per week (+0.91), daily servings of fruit (+0.244) and vegetables (+0.282), and PHQ-8 (-1.89) [all p<0.05]. Qualitative interviews revealed that the online format provided valuable tools supporting positive behavior change. Despite initial discomfort and technical challenges, promotoras and participants adapted and deepened valued relationships through additional virtual support. Conclusion: Improved health behaviors and CVD risk factors were successfully maintained through virtual delivery of the CHARLAR program. Optimization of virtual health programs like CHARLAR has the potential to increase reach and improve CVD risk among vulnerable Latinos.
Universe: the dynamics of the minimum and maximum expansion states
Authors: Petrakis Sócrates
Published: September 2021

Two hypotheses stand out in describing the evolution of the Universe. The predominant one predicts that the current expansion began at a certain instant and will not preserve any variation of energy that performs work; apparent flat Universe (Ω = 1) is advocated by relativistic calculations and observational data, with an end or thermal death at its maximum expansion (3D Space). The other hypothesis considers that the Universe is cyclical (always alternating phases of expansion and contraction). This proposal aims to demonstrate that both hypotheses can be correct by not being distinct, but complementary. Supported by the immutability of physical laws, analyses of concepts such as space, mass, energy, gravity, spin, and entropy define an exclusive presence of 1D Space in the minimum and maximum expansion states of the Universe. With our 3D Space Universe created and existing between these extreme states, every dynamic is outlined and completes the usual relativity. The concept of complete rest energy (1D Space) was able to be applied, demonstrating that the complete evolution of the Universe is spatially dynamic in a perpetual time dimension, always recreating our Universe.
Two-step regulation of centromere distribution by condensin II and the nuclear envelope proteins
Authors: Sakamoto Takuya , Sakamoto Yuki , Grob Stefan , Yamashita Tomoe , Ito Nanami , Oko Yuka , Sugiyama Tomoya , Higaki Takumi , Hasezawa Seiichiro , Tanaka Maho , Matsui Akihiro , Seki Motoaki , Suzuki Takamasa , Grossniklaus Ueli , Matsunaga Sachihiro
Published: September 2021

The arrangement of centromeres within the nucleus differs among species and cell types. However, neither the mechanisms determining centromere distribution nor its biological significance are currently well understood. In this study, we demonstrate the importance of centromere distribution for the maintenance of genome integrity through the cytogenic and molecular analysis of mutants defective in centromere distribution. We propose a two-step regulatory mechanism that shapes the non-Rabl-like centromere distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana through condensin II and the linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Condensin II is enriched at centromeres and, in cooperation with the LINC complex, induces the scattering of centromeres around the nuclear periphery during late anaphase/telophase. Then, after entering interphase, the positions of the scattered centromeres are stabilized by nuclear lamina proteins of the CROWDED NUCLEI (CRWN) family. We also found that, despite their strong impact on centromere distribution, condensin II and CRWNs have little effect on chromatin organization involved in the control of gene expression, indicating the robustness of chromatin organization regardless of the type of centromere distribution.
Visualizing an convergence of three mitochondrial molecule mRNAs for DRP1/MFN2/UCP4 on soma of cerebellar Purkinje cells by RNAscope
Authors: Liu Hui , Luo Tingting , Wu Feifei , Guo Baolin , Zhang Kunlong , Li Shujiao , Li Xiaodong , Wang Ruiqing , Chen Jinghao , Wang Lu , Yang Yanling , Wang Ya-Yun
Published: September 2021

We know little about how mitochondrial dynamic are regulated in the Purkinje cells. To explore it, we first set up a transgenic mice in which Purkinje cells expressed tdTomato in the cerebellum of Gad2-cre;ZsGreen-tdTomatofl/fl mice. Secondly Double stainings verified tdTomato cells were Calbinin (CB)-positive Purkinje cells, but not colocalized either with astrocyte marker GFAP or with microglia marker Iba1. Thirdly, application of RNAscope in situ hybridization with the identification of mRNAs of mitochondrial fusion (Mfn2), calcium transporter (Mcu and Nclx) and uncoupling proteins (Ucp2 and Ucp4) were used onto Purkinje cells for specific spatial analysis. The RNAscope assay used a semi‑quantitative H scoring guideline to evaluate the staining results. The number of bins ranges from 0–4 according to the ACD scoring system. Moreover, ACD scoring system was used to calculate the overall H scores of Dendritic Weighted Formula (DWF) and Soma Weighted Formula (SWF). Our data for the first time demonstrated that Mfn2 mRNAs expression was evident in Prukinje cells with the H scores of DWF and SWF as 60 and 139, respectively. And few Ucp4 mRNAs expression was present in dendritic shafts of Prukinje cells with the H scores of DWF and SWF as 14 and 103, respectively. It should be noted that Mcu mRNAs, Nclx mRNAs, as well as Ucp2 mRNAs expression were only scattered on both soma and dendrites in Prukinje cells with the low H scores of DWF and SWF. Double RNAscope profiling of mitochondrial molecules showed The data showed Mfn1 mRNAs are present only in the soma of the Purkinje cells, instead of processes. Double RNAscope showed almost none of dots of Drp1 mRNAs was co-localized with dots of Mcu mRNAs, as well as almost none of dots of Ucp2 mRNAs was co-localized with dots of Mfn2 mRNAs. All of these results show the mitochondrial Drp1/Mfn2/UCP4 convergence on the Purkinje cells. Finally, a major focus of present research will be to develop new and more specific molecules that tune the activity of the Purkinje cells activate or inactivate and to address diseases for which such druglike molecules may open therapeutic windows for Purkinje cells-related manipulation in the clinic. The molecular identification of drug targets, mechanism of action, and structural basis of their activity will crucially enable preclinical development.
The Changes of Cancer Patients’ Perception, Attitude and Clinical Practice in Complementary and Alternative Medicine during COVID-19: A multicenter before-after cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Yichao , Yang Geliang , Gu Zhan , Wang Chengyan , Zhang Huiqing , Xu Ling
Published: September 2021

Background

With the rapid spread of COVID-19 worldwide, the clinical practice in cancer treatment of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) becomes significantly different. This study was designed to explore the changes of China’s cancer patients’ perception, attitude and clinical practice in CAM after the pandemic of COVID-19.
Methods

A multicenter before-after cross-sectional study was conducted, including 448 cancer patients by a survey.
Results

For perception, half of the cancer patients (51.2%) reported they had received adequate information in CAM cancer treatment and had a great expectation in medical appointment pattern (40.2%). For attitudes, most of the cancer patients (79.4%) had full of confidence in CAM cancer treatment and showed a strong desire to learn more about CAM (70.2%). Nearly half of the cancer patients (44.0%) presented their oncology clinics had been greatly affected by COVID-19, however, most (82.8%) refused to the online medical service pattern. For clinical practice, Chinese herbal medicine was widely used before (89.5%) / after (90.3%) the epidemic of COVID-19 and the main purpose of receiving CAM therapy was to improve immune system (71.8%). The frequency of patients’ visiting the clinic decreased significantly (P < 0.001), and most (90.0%) didn’t change their follow-up pattern. The majority of the cancer patients (83.3%) were identified as CAM users and the only predictive factor was national health insurance in the multivariable logistic regression model.
Conclusion

China’s cancer patients show more interest and confidence in treating cancer by CAM, and the new medical pattern such as medical appointment, has been gradually accepted during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the cancer patients’ perception in CAM and online medical service pattern still need to be improved.
Long-term Survival of Patients With Unoperated Single Ventricle Heart Defect: Four Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Zhao Shengnan , Guo Jiantao , Sun Zhixia , Cui Tingting
Published: September 2021

Background: A single ventricle heart defect is a rare complex congenital cardiac malformation. It is rare for patients with single ventricle to spontaneously survive long-term to adulthood. No literature was retrieved that summarized the ultrasonographic features of patients with single ventricle who survived for a long time without surgery.Case presentation: Four patients in this study were diagnosed with single ventricle heart defects during childhood, but received no surgical intervention. All four patients had good outcomes. We summarize the ultrasound findings of these patients.Conclusion: We summarize the factors that contribute to the long-term survival of single ventricle patients without surgical intervention, and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of single ventricle to improve the survival rate of patients.
Impact of Prolonged Face Mask Wearing On Tear Break-Up Time and Dry Eye Symptoms in Health Care Professionals
Authors: Baris Mine Esen , Yilmaz Suzan Guven , Palamar Melis
Published: September 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of prolonged surgical face mask wearing on dry eye symptoms and tear film break-up time (T-BUT) in health care professionals.
Materials and Methods

A total of 33 health care professionals were included in this cross sectional, prospective study. T-BUT measurements were performed twice for all participants in the morning (8 am) and in the afternoon (5 pm) in addition to a complete ophthalmological examination. The subjects also filled-in the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire twice, before and after wearing the face mask, on the same day.
Results

Sixty six eyes of 33 participants (17 female and 16 male) were evaluated. The mean age was 33.6 ± 7.55 (24–48) years and mean total duration with mask on between the two evaluations was 514 ± 12.5 (495–526) minutes. The mean T-BUT was 9.3 ± 1.0 (3–16) seconds at 8 am and 8.3 ± 1.5 (3–14) seconds at 5 pm (p = 0.01). The mean OSDI score was 20.1 ± 8.3 (0-68.75) at 8 am and 27.4 ± 10.4 (0-81.25) at 5 pm (p < 0.01).
Conclusion

Use of a surgical mask for the entire work day was seen to worsen T-BUT and dry eye symptoms in healthy individuals. Ophthalmologists should be aware of possible worsening of condition in patients with dry eye with the prolonged use of face masks and consider modifications if necessary.
Global Burden of Cataract and Its Association With Socioeconomic Development Status, 1990-2019
Authors: Han Xiaotong , Zou Minjie , Liu Zhenzhen , Sun Yi , Young Charlotte Aimee , Zheng Danying , Jin Guangming
Published: September 2021

Background: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness globally and more people will be at risk for this common cause of vision loss in the coming years.To estimate the disease burden of cataract and evaluate contributions of various risk factors to cataract-associated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).Methods: Prevalence of visual impairment due to cataract and disability-adjusted life years of cataract were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019 to explore time trends and annual changes. Regional and country-level socioeconomic indexes were acquired from open databases, and stepwise multiple linear regression was used to evaluate associations between age-standardized rate of DALYs of cataract and potential predictors.Results: Global Prevalence rate of visual impairment due to cataract rose by 58.45% from 791.4 per 100,000 population (95%CI: 705.2 to 890.0 per 100,000 population) to 1253.9 per 100,000 population 95%CI: 1103.3 to 1417.7 per 100,000 population) in 2019 and DALYs rate of cataract rose by 32.18% from 65.3 per 100,000 population (95%CI: 46.4 to 88.2 per 100,000 population) in 1990 to 86.3 per 100,000 population (95%CI: 61.5 to 116.4 per 100,000 population) in 2019.Stepwise multiple linear regression model showed that higher refractive error prevalence (β=0.036, 95% CI: 0.022, 0.050, P<0.001), lower number of physicians per 10,000 population (β=-0.959, 95% CI: -1.685, -0.233, P=0.010) and lower level of HDI (β=-134.93, 95% CI: -209.84, -60.02, P=0.001) were associated with higher disease burden of cataract.Conclusions: Substantial increases in the prevalence of visual impairment and DALYs of cataract were observed from 1990 to 2019. Successful global initiatives targeting improving cataract surgical rate and quality, especially in regions with lower socioeconomic status, is a prerequisite to combating this growing burden of cataract in the aging society.