bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal melting, BPS quivers and plethystics
Authors: Bao Jiakang , He Yang-Hui , Zahabi Ali
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We study the refined and unrefined crystal/BPS partition functions of D6-D2-D0 brane bound states for all toric Calabi-Yau threefolds without compact 4-cycles and some non-toric examples. They can be written as products of (generalized) MacMahon functions. We check our expressions and use them as vacuum characters to study the gluings. We then consider the wall crossings and discuss possible crystal descriptions for different chambers. We also express the partition functions in terms of plethystic exponentials. For ℂ3 and tripled affine quivers, we find their connections to nilpotent Kac polynomials. Similarly, the partition functions of D4-D2-D0 brane bound states can be obtained by replacing the (generalized) MacMahon functions with the inverse of (generalized) Euler functions.
Analytic long-lived modes in charged critical plasma
Authors: Gürsoy Umut , Järvinen Matti , Policastro Giuseppe , Zinnato Natale
Published: June 2022

Fluctuations around critical behavior of a holographic charged plasma are investigated by studying quasi-normal modes of the corresponding black branes in 5D Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton gravity. The near horizon geometry of black branes approaches the well-known 2D charged string black hole in the critical limit, for which a world-sheet description is available, and the corresponding quasi-normal modes can be obtained analytically from the reflection amplitude of the 2D black hole geometry. We find two distinct set of modes: a purely imaginary “decoupled” set, directly following from the reflection amplitude, and a “non-decoupled” set that was already identified in the neutral holographic plasma in [1]. In the extremal limit, the former set of imaginary quasi-normal modes coalesce on a branch cut starting from the origin, signaling breakdown of hydrodynamic approximation. We further complete the black brane geometry with a slice of AdS near the boundary, to allow for a holographic construction, and find another set of modes localized in the UV. Finally, we develop an alternative WKB method to obtain the quasi-normal modes in the critical limit and apply this method to study the spectrum of hyperscaling-violating Lifshitz black branes. The critical limit of the plasma we consider in this paper is in one-to-one correspondence with the large D limit of Einstein’s gravity which allows for an alternative interesting interpretation of our findings.
The chiral Gross-Neveu model on the lattice via a Landau-forbidden phase transition
Authors: Roose Gertian , Haegeman Jutho , Van Acoleyen Karel , Vanderstraeten Laurens , Bultinck Nick
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We study the phase diagram of the (1 + 1)-dimensional Gross-Neveu model with both $$ {g}_x^2{\left(\overline{\psi}\psi \right)}^2 $$

g
x
2

ψ
¯

ψ

2

and $$ {g}_y^2{\left(\overline{\psi}i{\gamma}_5\psi \right)}^2 $$

g
y
2

ψ
¯

i

γ
5

ψ

2

interaction terms on a spatial lattice. The continuous chiral symmetry, which is present in the continuum model when $$ {g}_x^2={g}_y^2 $$

g
x
2

=

g
y
2

, has a mixed ’t Hooft anomaly with the charge conservation symmetry, which guarantees the existence of a massless mode. However, the same ’t Hooft anomaly also implies that the continuous chiral symmetry is broken explicitly in our lattice model. Nevertheless, from numerical matrix product state simulations we find that for certain parameters of the lattice model, the continuous chiral symmetry reemerges in the infrared fixed point theory, even at strong coupling. We argue that, in order to understand this phenomenon, it is crucial to go beyond mean-field theory (or, equivalently, beyond the leading order term in a 1/N expansion). Interestingly, on the lattice, the chiral Gross-Neveu model appears at a Landau-forbidden second order phase transition separating two distinct and unrelated symmetry-breaking orders. We point out the crucial role of two different ’t Hooft anomalies or Lieb-Schultz-Mattis obstructions for this Landau-forbidden phase transition to occur.
NS-NS spacetimes from amplitudes
Authors: Monteiro Ricardo , Nagy Silvia , O’Connell Donal , Veiga David Peinador , Sergola Matteo
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Recent work has shown how on-shell three-point amplitudes in gauge theory and gravity, representing the coupling to massive particles, correspond in the classical limit to the curvature spinors of linearised solutions. This connection, made explicit via the KMOC formalism in split metric signature, turns the double copy of scattering amplitudes into the double copy of classical solutions. Here, we extend this framework to the universal massless sector of supergravity, which is the complete double copy of pure gauge theory. Our extension relies on a Riemann-Cartan curvature incorporating the dilaton and the B-field. In this setting, we can determine the most general double copy arising from the product of distinct gauge theory solutions, say a dyon and $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{Kerr}} $$

Kerr

. This gives a double-copy interpretation to gravity solutions of the type Kerr-Taub-NUT-dilaton-axion. We also discuss the extension to heterotic gravity. Finally, we describe how this formalism for the classical double copy relates to others in the literature, namely (i) why it is an on-shell momentum space analogue of the convolutional prescription, and (ii) why a straightforward prescription in position space is possible for certain vacuum solutions.
Strong cosmic censorship conjecture for a charged BTZ black hole
Authors: Singha Chiranjeeb , Chakraborty Sumanta , Dadhich Naresh
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The strong cosmic censorship conjecture, whose validation asserts the deterministic nature of general relativity, has been studied for charged BTZ black holes in three dimensional general relativity, as well as for Nth order pure Lovelock gravity in d=2N+1 spacetime dimensions. Through both analytical and numerical routes, we have computed the ratio of the imaginary part of the quasi-normal mode frequencies with the surface gravity at the Cauchy horizon. The lowest of which corresponds to the key parameter associated with violation of strong cosmic censorship conjecture. Our results demonstrate that this parameter is always less than the critical value (1/2), thereby respecting the strong cosmic censorship conjecture. This is in complete contrast to the four or, higher dimensional black holes, as well as for rotating BTZ black hole, where the violation of strong cosmic censorship conjecture exists. Implications and possible connection with the stability of the photon orbits have been discussed.
Prognostischer und differenzialdiagnostischer Stellenwert der Liquordiagnostik bei neurodegenerativen Demenzerkrankungen
Authors: Haußmann R. , Homeyer P. , Brandt M. D. , Donix M.
Published: June 2022

Die Liquordiagnostik im Rahmen von Demenzerkrankungen ist trotz neuer diagnostischer Möglichkeiten im Bereich der PET(Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie)-Bildgebung weiterhin von hoher klinischer Relevanz. Insbesondere für die Alzheimer-Erkrankung existieren validierte Biomarker, die die Diagnose untermauern und bei der diagnostischen Abgrenzung anderer Demenzätiologien hilfreich sein können. Während unauffällige Liquorbefunde mit negativen Demenz- und Destruktionsmarkern die überwiegende Mehrzahl neurodegenerativer Demenzursachen mit hoher diagnostischer Sicherheit ausschließen, stellen in der klinischen Praxis vor allem überlappende Biomarkerprofile bei primär neurodegenerativen Demenzursachen ein substanzielles Problem bei der Befundinterpretation dar. Deshalb bedarf die Liquorbefundinterpretation stets einer kontextualisierten Betrachtung unter Würdigung der klinischen Symptomatik und Verlaufscharakteristika des entsprechenden demenziellen Syndroms. Außerdem stellen auch Mischbefunde eine häufige diagnostische Herausforderung dar, für deren Interpretation es profunder Kenntnisse im Bereich von Präanalytik, möglicher Liquorbefundkonstellationen und natürlich der verschiedenen in Betracht kommenden Demenzätiologien bedarf. Auch Liquorbiomarker für Synukleinopathien, Tauopathien sowie TDP43(Transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa)-Proteinopathien sind Gegenstand aktueller Untersuchungen, wenngleich diese noch nicht den Weg in die klinische Routinediagnostik gefunden haben.
Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie der nichtorganischen Insomnie
Authors: Deutsch-Lang Sarah , Valeske Isabel , Kuchling Maria , Hulle-Wegl Petra , Stepansky Robert , Lang Wilfried
Published: June 2022

Im Schlaflabor der neurologischen Abteilung des Krankenhauses der Barmherzigen Brüder Wien erhalten alle Patient*innen mit der Diagnose „nichtorganische Insomnie“ (F51.0) prospektiv das Angebot einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie. Im Jahr 2021 nahmen 38 Personen am Therapieprogramm teil, 5 Personen brachen die Therapie ab, 4 Personen standen für eine Nachuntersuchung nicht zur Verfügung. Von den verbliebenen 29 Personen (55,17 %) erreichten 16 das primäre Therapieziel, die Beseitigung der insomnischen Beschwerden bzw. eine klinisch relevante Abnahme der Ausprägung der Symptomatik, bemessen nach dem Insomnia Severity Index. Diese „Responder“ zeigten auch eine Abnahme der „Depressivität“ (Beck-Depressions-Index) und eine Verbesserung der Lebensqualität (psychische Komponente des SF-36; Short Form-36). Die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie verbesserte die Schlafeffizienz, bewirkte ein kognitives Umstrukturieren dysfunktionaler Einstellungen zum Schlaf („Meinungen-zum-Schlaf-Fragebogen“) und reduzierte Mechanismen des konditionierten „Hyperarousal“ vor dem Einschlafen.
Occurrence of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) and killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Icelandic coastal waters and their interspecific interactions
Authors: Selbmann Anna , Basran Charla J. , Bertulli Chiara G. , Hudson Tess , Mrusczok Marie-Thérèse , Rasmussen Marianne H. , Rempel Jonathan N. , Scott Judith , Svavarsson Jörundur , Wensveen Paul J. , Whittaker Megan , Samarra Filipa I. P.
Published: June 2022

Long-finned pilot whales and killer whales are widely distributed across the North Atlantic, but few studies have reported their occurrence in Icelandic coastal waters. Here, we use sightings data from research platforms and whale watching tours in six regions of Iceland from 2007 to 2020 to show that the occurrence of long-finned pilot and killer whales varied with region and season. Killer whales were regularly encountered in the south of Iceland during summer and west of Iceland during winter/spring. Long-finned pilot whales were only seen during the summer and were most often encountered in the south, west, and northwest of Iceland. Long-finned pilot whale occurrence in the south of Iceland appeared to increase during the study period but killer whale occurrence showed no noticeable changes. Long-finned pilot whales were sighted often in the areas that were also frequented by killer whales and interspecific interactions were commonly observed when both species co-occurred. Interactions appeared to be antagonistic, with killer whales often avoiding long-finned pilot whales and sometimes fleeing at high speed, similar to what has been described elsewhere in the North Atlantic. In the majority of interactions observed (68%), killer whales avoided long-finned pilot whales by moving away, but in 28% avoidance was at high speed with both species porpoising. This variability in the type of behavioural responses indicates that interactions may be more complex than previously described. We discuss regional trends in long-finned pilot whale and killer whale sightings and potential drivers of the observed interactions.
Green Public Procurement: A Neglected Tool in the European Green Deal Toolbox?
Authors: Sapir André , Schraepen Tom , Tagliapietra Simone
Published: June 2022

Public procurement amounts to around 14% of European Union GDP and, given this size, could well represent an important tool to foster the green transition. However, green public procurement continues to be underutilised in Europe, as several barriers to its application persist. A new EU regulatory action in this field could unlock the potential of green public procurement and add an important element to the European Green Deal toolbox.
Navigating Rough Waters: Global Shipping and Challenges for the North Range Ports
Authors: Wedemeier Jan , Wolf Lukas
Published: June 2022

Ports and shipping have been in the spotlight in 2021 with surging demand, skyrocketing freight rates and week-long queues. This development stands against the background of the current global COVID-19 pandemic. Amid these disruptive waves, the North Range ports (Le Havre to Hamburg) face numerous challenges. This short analysis gives an overview of recent developments in international shipping and the potential for maritime transport as an early indicator for commodity trade. The article also explores the connection in import and export of the North Range ports to their respective countries and the EU. This article contributes to the extent to which maritime traffic data can be linked to economic data. Three long-term key challenges — sustainability, digitalisation and (de)globalisation — are discussed with a focus on the North Range ports as well as the newest effects of Russia’s war in Ukraine.
The War in Ukraine, Agricultural Trade and Risks to Global Food Security
Authors: Glauben Thomas , Svanidze Miranda , Götz Linde , Prehn Sören , Jamali Jaghdani Tinoush , Đurić Ivan , Kuhn Lena
Published: June 2022

Any calls to move towards a centrally planned economy or autarky are strongly advised against, as this would only be to the detriment of food security in the Global South.
Several routes of cell death to secondary necrosis in the elasmobranch testis
Authors: McClusky Leon Mendel
Published: June 2022

The process of spermatogenesis features significant germ cell loss through apoptosis. Routine histology of the testes of well-studied animal models hardly discloses any trace of their phagocytic clearance by the supporting Sertoli cells. This review highlights lessons learnt from the cystic, diametric testes of some seasonally migrating elasmobranchs (e.g., spiny dogfish and blue sharks) that offer unconventional investigative paradigms to study these phenomena as these organs readily disclose a pronounced apoptosis gradient affecting exclusively spermatogonial clones that each are enclosed with their own Sertoli cells in spherical structures called spermatocysts. This gradient is visible at a certain time of year in the spermatogenically active shark, and peaks in mature spermatogonial cysts as clustered deaths with sporadic, and not massive secondary necrosis. Conversely, immature spermatogonial cysts in blue sharks reveal a characteristic periluminal display of single apoptotic deaths. Tracing aberrations in the immunostaining patterns of the conserved cell cycle marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, the gradual progression of the death process in individual or coalesced spermatogonia in contiguous cysts becomes clear. The multiple apoptotic nuclear fragmentation morphologies inform also of a protracted death process involving three different morphological routes of nuclear fragmentation (of which some are TUNEL-positive and other TUNEL-negative) and concomitant chromatin compaction that culminate in freed apoptotic bodies (i.e., secondary necrosis). It is discussed that the staggered spermatogonial deaths and accompanying intermittent secondary necrosis in mature blue shark spermatogonial cysts may well relate to the low phagocytosis capacity of cyst’s Sertoli cells that are still functionally naïve.
How cooperative is “cooperative federalism”? The political limits to intergovernmental cooperation under a de facto concurrency rule
Authors: Scholtz Christa , Munteanu Andrei
Published: June 2022

Proponents of “cooperative federalism” claim that intergovernmental behaviour is endogenous to legal rules about legislative competences: a concurrency rule systematically induces intergovernmental cooperation, where an exclusivity rule systematically impedes it. Citing the imperative for greater cooperation, courts in classical, or dualist, federal systems have used legal doctrine to fashion zones of de facto legislative concurrency. We develop a formal model to explore the soundness of this reasoning. Our analysis complicates courts’ simplistic expectation. Under our assumptions, cooperation may be supported in equilibrium, but only under quite restrictive conditions. We show how the impact (if any) of a de facto concurrency rule on government behaviour depends on the paramountcy rule, government policy preferences relative to the status quo, policy development costs, and the risk of costly political backlash. We pair our theoretical analysis with a study of Canadian federalism jurisprudence and its impact on Canadian securities regulation.
Effect of latent and symptomatic infections by Colletotrichum godetiae on oil quality
Authors: Romero Joaquín , Santa-Bárbara Ana Esperanza , Moral Juan , Agustí-Brisach Carlos , Roca Luis F. , Trapero Antonio
Published: June 2022

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is the main olive fruit disease. Colletotrichum can severely infect olive fruit with a negative impact on the oil quality. However, the relationship between visible infections of Colletotrichum spp. and olive oil quality is unclear and the influence of latent infections is unknown. This study considers Colletotrichum spp. latent infections and visible infections as factors affecting the quality of olive oil. IAbsorbance in UV (K232 and K270), free acidity, and peroxide index were evaluated in oils from fruit with latent and symptomatic infections by Colletotrichum godetiae of the cvs. Arbequina, Hojiblanca, and Picual. Olive oil samples from i) latent infected fruit at three maturity stages and after two incubation periods and from ii) sets of oils from mixtures of healthy and infected symptomatic fruit were used to determine the impact of the disease on oil quality. Oils from latent infected fruit of cv. Arbequina showed higher acidity than control oils (P = 0.012). Linear and exponential models were fitted to relate the oil quality parameters to the proportion of symptomatic fruit. Acidity was the most affected parameter, mainly in oils from cv. Arbequina. The thresholds of the percentage of affected fruits causing the loss of category in the quality of the oil varied greatly according to cultivar, with ‘Arbequina’ being the most sensitive.
Two Complementary Methods of Inferring Elastic Symmetry
Authors: Tape Walter , Tape Carl
Published: June 2022

An elastic map $\mathbf {T}$
T
describes the strain-stress relation at a particular point $\mathbf {p}$
p
in some material. A symmetry of $\mathbf {T}$
T
is a rotation of the material, about $\mathbf {p}$
p
, that does not change $\mathbf {T}$
T
. We describe two ways of inferring the group $\mathcal {S} _{ \mathbf {T} }$

S
T

of symmetries of any elastic map $\mathbf {T}$
T
; one way is qualitative and visual, the other is quantitative. In the first method, we associate to each $\mathbf {T}$
T
its “monoclinic distance function” "Equation missing" on the unit sphere. The function "Equation missing" is invariant under all of the symmetries of $\mathbf {T}$
T
, so the group $\mathcal {S} _{ \mathbf {T} }$

S
T

is seen, approximately, in a contour plot of "Equation missing". The second method is harder to summarize, but it complements the first by providing an algorithm to compute the symmetry group $\mathcal {S} _{ \mathbf {T} }$

S
T

. In addition to $\mathcal {S} _{ \mathbf {T} }$

S
T

, the algorithm gives a quantitative description of the overall approximate symmetry of $\mathbf {T}$
T
. Mathematica codes are provided for implementing both the visual and the quantitative approaches.
Epistemic injustice in Climate Adaptation
Authors: Byskov Morten Fibieger , Hyams Keith
Published: June 2022

Indigenous peoples are disproportionally vulnerable to climate change. At the same time, they possess valuable knowledge for fair and sustainable climate adaptation planning and policymaking. Yet Indigenous peoples and knowledges are often excluded from or underrepresented within adaptation plans and policies. In this paper we ask whether the concept of epistemic injustice can be applied to the context of climate adaptation and the underrepresentation of Indigenous knowledges within adaptation policies and strategies. In recent years, the concept of epistemic injustice has gained prominence, indicating that someone has been unfairly discriminated against in their capacity as a knower (Fricker 2007, 1). We argue that many climate adaptation policies are epistemically unjust towards Indigenous peoples because of the underrepresentation of Indigenous knowledges by showing how the case of Indigenous knowledges in climate adaptation planning and policy satisfies five conditions of epistemic injustice. We further consider what challenges there are to integrating local and Indigenous knowledges within development in general, and climate adaptation strategies in particular and how these can be addressed. Whether the lack of Indigenous knowledges in climate adaptation policies constitutes an epistemic injustice matters because an injustice denotes an unfair (dis)advantage to one group – whether by design or default – that ought to be remedied and redressed.
Within-person Relations between Domains of Socio-emotional Development during Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Speyer Lydia Gabriela , Hall Hildigunnur Anna , Ushakova Anastasia , Luciano Michelle , Auyeung Bonnie , Murray Aja Louise
Published: June 2022

Adolescence is a critical period in the development of mental health with nearly 1 in 5 adolescents suffering from mental health problems and more than 40 percent of these experiencing at least one co-occurring mental health disorder. This study investigates whether there are differences in the relations between key dimensions of child and adolescent mental health in adolescence compared to childhood. Mental health and related socio-emotional traits were measured longitudinally at ages 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, and 16 in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 11279) using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires. Graphical Vector Autoregression models were used to analyse the temporal within-person relations between conduct problems, emotional problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer problems and prosociality across childhood (ages 4 to 9) and adolescence (11 to 16). Results suggest that adolescence is characterised by an increase in the number and strength of temporal relations between socio-emotional difficulties. In particular, in adolescence there were bidirectional connections between peer problems and emotional problems, between conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention and between prosociality and conduct problems as well as hyperactivity/inattention. In childhood, conduct problems and prosociality were reciprocally related. Results also suggested peer problems as a potential mediating factor between conduct and emotional problems in childhood. Overall, this study suggests that different domains of socio-emotional development influence each other over development. Adolescence is characterised by an increase in temporal connections, which may be one factor underlying the increased vulnerability to the onset of mental health problems during that period.
Neural Processing of Speech Sounds in ASD and First-Degree Relatives
Authors: Patel Shivani P. , Winston Molly , Guilfoyle Janna , Nicol Trent , Martin Gary E. , Nayar Kritika , Kraus Nina , Losh Molly
Published: June 2022

Efficient neural encoding of sound plays a critical role in speech and language, and when impaired, may have reverberating effects on communication skills. This study investigated disruptions to neural processing of temporal and spectral properties of speech in individuals with ASD and their parents and found evidence of inefficient temporal encoding of speech sounds in both groups. The ASD group further demonstrated less robust neural representation of spectral properties of speech sounds. Associations between neural processing of speech sounds and language-related abilities were evident in both groups. Parent–child associations were also detected in neural pitch processing. Together, results suggest that atypical neural processing of speech sounds is a heritable ingredient contributing to the ASD language phenotype.
Porcine liver injury model to assess tantalum-containing bioactive glass powders for hemostasis
Authors: Nagrath Malvika , Bince Danielle , Rowsell Corwyn , Polintan Deanna , Rezende-Neto Joao , Towler Mark
Published: June 2022

This study evaluates compositions of tantalum-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Ta-MBG) powders using a porcine fatal liver injury model. The powders based on (80-x)SiO2-15CaO-5P2O5-xTa2O5 compositions with x = 0 (0Ta/Ta-free), 1 (1Ta), and 5 (5Ta) mol% were made using a sol–gel process. A class IV hemorrhage condition was simulated on the animals; hemodynamic data and biochemical analysis confirmed the life-threatening condition. Ta-MBGs were able to stop the bleeding within 10 min of their application while the bleeds in the absence of any intervention or in the presence of a commercial agent, AristaTM (Bard Davol Inc., Rhode Island, USA) continued for up to 45 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of the blood clots showed that the presence of Ta-MBGs did not affect clot morphology. Rather, the connections seen between fibrin fibers of the blood clot and Ta-MBG powders point towards the powders’ surfaces embracing fibrin. Histopathological analysis of the liver tissue showed 5Ta as the only composition reducing parenchymal hemorrhage and necrosis extent of the tissue after their application. Additionally, 5Ta was also able to form an adherent clot in worst-case scenario bleeding where no adherent clot was seen before the powder was applied. In vivo results from the present study agree with in vitro results of the previous study that 5Ta was the best Ta-MBG composition for hemostatic purposes.
Teachers’ noticing to promote students’ mathematical dialogue in group work
Authors: Sjöblom Marie , Valero Paola , Olander Clas
Published: June 2022

How can teachers refine their strategies for purposefully engaging students in mathematical discussions when students are working in groups and the teacher enters an ongoing group conversation? In three educational design research cycles, four teachers collaborated with a researcher for one year to analyse, design and evaluate strategies for engaging students in small-group mathematical discussions. The idea of noticing (Mason in Researching your own practice: the discipline of noticing, RoutledgeFalmer, London, 2002; Sherin et al. in Mathematics teacher noticing: seeing through teachers’ eyes, Taylor & Francis, New York, 2011) was used to organize the findings—by paying attention to aspects in the mathematical discussions and interpreting the interactions, teachers could together refine their own actions/responses to better support students’ work. The Inquiry Co-operation Model of Alrø and Skovsmose (Dialogue and learning in mathematics education: intention, reflection, critique, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2004) was used as a theoretical base for understanding qualities in mathematical discussions. Ehrenfeld and Horn’s (Educ Stud Math 103(7):251–272, 2020) model of initiation-entry-focus-exit and participation was for interpreting and organizing the findings on teachers’ actions. The results show that teachers became more aware of the importance of explicit instructions and their own role as facilitators of mathematical questions to students, by directing specific mathematical questions to all students within the groups. In this article, by going back and forth between what happened in the teachers’ professional development group and in the classrooms, it was possible to simultaneously follow the teachers’ development processes and what changed in students’ mathematical discussions.
Vaccinating Veterans Experiencing Homelessness for COVID-19: Healthcare and Housing Service Providers’ Perspectives
Authors: Balut Michelle D. , Gin June L. , Alenkin Nikola R. , Dobalian Aram
Published: June 2022

This study examines challenges experienced during COVID-19 vaccination efforts, facilitating factors that increased vaccination, and lessons learned from healthcare providers and housing program staff who delivered healthcare and services to Veterans experiencing homelessness during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven transitional housing program staff in northern California, southern California, Florida, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, and New Jersey (January-April 2021) and six primary care providers serving Veterans experiencing homelessness, four from clinics in California and two from a clinic in North Dakota (July-August 2021). Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a rapid analysis approach. COVID-19 vaccination rates were between 40 and 60% among Veterans who received care from the primary care providers and between 20 and 90% among Veterans who were enrolled in the transitional housing programs. Barriers that providers and housing staff encountered when getting Veterans vaccinated for COVID-19 included lack of eligibility, the vaccine appointment scheduling process, transportation and communication challenges, Veterans’ distrust in the government, vaccine mandates, and vaccine hesitancy among organization staff. Recommendations to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake included making vaccination more convenient, using trusted sources such as homeless program staff or Veteran peers to provide educational information about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, and encouraging rather than mandating vaccination. These lessons will enable entities providing care to people experiencing homelessness to develop more effective policies and educational campaigns to improve vaccine acceptance and uptake among this vulnerable population.
Simulation of Radiative Transfer Within X-ray Microcalorimeter Absorbers
Authors: Lorenz M. , Kirsch C. , Peille P. , Ballhausen R. , Fioretti V. , Lotti S. , Dauser T. , Wilms J.
Published: June 2022

We present Monte Carlo simulations of radiative transfer within the absorbers of X-ray microcalorimeters, utilizing a numerical model for the photon propagation and photon absorption process within the absorber structure. In our model, we include effects of Compton scattering off bound electrons and fluorescence. Scattered or fluorescence photons as well as Auger and photoelectrons escaping the absorber can result in partial energy depositions. By implementing a simplified description of the physical processes compared to existing comprehensive particle transport software frameworks, our model aims to provide representative results at a small computational effort. This approach makes it possible to use our model for quick assessments, parametric studies, and application in other Monte Carlo-based instrument simulators like , a software package for X-ray astronomical instrumentation. To study the impact of the energy loss effects on the spectral response of a microcalorimeter, we apply our model to the sensors of the cryogenic X-ray spectrometer X-IFU onboard the futureAthenaX-ray observatory.
Throughput improvement and PAPR reduction for OFDM-based VLC systems using an integrated STC-IMADJS technique
Authors: Elbakry Mohamed S. , Mohammed Abdulwahid , Ismail Tawfik
Published: June 2022

Visible light communication (VLC) is a technology that is currently being employed to achieve high data rates. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a powerful scheme for intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) that is becoming increasingly important. OFDM systems based on VLC are accomplished through the implementation of IM-DD constraints, including direct current biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM), asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM), and asymmetrically clipped DC-biased (ADO-OFDM), among others. The OFDM technique based on VLC is inefficient in terms of spectral efficiency and has a high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). In this article, the symbol time compression-image adjust (STC-IMADJS) technique will be proposed for throughput maximization and PAPR reduction in the DCO-OFDM, ACO-OFDM, and ADO-OFDM systems. Furthermore, the STC technique enables the simultaneous transmission of two sub-carriers through Walsh spreading codes without inference between them. As a result, the OFDM symbol has been reduced by 50%. The IMADJS strategy reduces the high PAPR of transmitted signals by compressing large signals and expanding small signals, as long as the average power level remains constant after compression. Therefore, the proposed STC-IMADJS technique doubles the throughput as well as significantly reduces the PAPR for OFDM systems based on VLC. The simulation results are performed using Matlab-2021a for 1024 sub-carriers. As a result, the simulation results show that the proposed technique reduces the PAPR by 3.7 dB ($$86\%$$

86
%

), 8.16 dB ($$93\%$$

93
%

), and 1.81 dB ($$20\%$$

20
%

) for DCO-OFDM, ACO-OFDM, and ADO-OFDM systems respectively. Furthermore, the technique has a significantly lower computational complexity than conventional OFDM systems based on VLC. Finally, the measures of performance through this article are bit error rate and complementary cumulative distribution function.
Indeterminacy and collective harms
Authors: Tiefensee Christine
Published: June 2022

The ‘no-difference problem’ challenges us to explain in which way the occurrence of an aggregate effect gives us reason to act in a specific way, although our individual actions make no difference to the effect’s occurrence. When discussing this problem, philosophers usually distinguish between so-called ‘triggering cases’, where the aggregate effect in question is brought about upon reaching a precise threshold, and ‘non-triggering cases’, in which no such precise threshold exists. However, despite their relevant differences, it is widely assumed not only that both categories of cases confront us with the same moral problem, but also that this problem should be solved in the same way no matter which category we are considering. In this paper, I argue that this assumption is mistaken by showing that non-triggering cases pose very different moral problems than triggering cases unless very specific and, arguably, unlikely assumptions in neighbouring debates about causation and decision-making under indeterminacy hold.
Ferrers graphs, D-permutations, and surjective staircases
Authors: Lazar Alexander
Published: June 2022

We introduce a new family of hyperplane arrangements inspired by the homogenized Linial arrangement (which was recently introduced by Hetyei), and show that the intersection lattices of these arrangements are isomorphic to the bond lattices of Ferrers graphs. Using recent work of Lazar and Wachs we are able to give combinatorial interpretations of the characteristic polynomials of these arrangements in terms of permutation enumeration. For certain infinite families of these hyperplane arrangements, we are able to give generating function formulas for their characteristic polynomials. To do so, we develop a generalization of Dumont’s surjective staircases, and introduce a polynomial which enumerates these generalized surjective staircases according to several statistics. We prove a recurrence for these polynomials and show that in certain special cases this recurrence can be solved explicitly to yield a generating function. We also prove refined versions of several of these results using the theory of complex hyperplane arrangements.
Generalized Poverty-gap Orderings
Authors: Bossert Walter , Cato Susumu , Kamaga Kohei
Published: June 2022

This paper provides a characterization of a new class of ordinal poverty measures that are defined by means of the aggregate generalized poverty gap. To be precise, we propose to use the sum of the differences between the transformed fixed poverty line and the transformed level of income of each person below the line as our measure. If the transformation is strictly concave, the resulting measure is strictly inequality averse with respect to the incomes of the poor. In analogy to some existing results on inequality measurement, we show that the only relative (scale-invariant) members of our class are based on strictly concave power functions or the natural logarithm. Moreover, we show that our measures allow for a useful decomposition that is akin to those examined in some earlier contributions. In an empirical analysis, we compare the logarithmic variant of our index to two well-established alternative orderings. Unlike numerous indices that appear in the earlier literature, ours do not explicitly depend on the number of poor or on the total population size, thereby ruling out any direct influence of the head-count ratio on poverty comparisons.
Hybrid manufacturing: influence of material properties during micro milling of different additively manufactured AISI 316L
Authors: Greco Sebastian , Schmidt Marc , Klauer Katja , Kirsch Benjamin , Aurich Jan C.
Published: June 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the production of components with a high degree of individualization at constant manufacturing effort, which is why additive manufacturing is increasingly applied in industrial processes. However, additively produced surfaces do not meet the requirements for functional surfaces, which is why subsequent machining is mandatory for most of AM-workpieces. Further, the performance of many functional surfaces can be enhanced by microstructuring. The combination of both AM and subtractive processes is referred to as hybrid manufacturing. In this paper, the hybrid manufacturing of AISI 316L is investigated. The two AM technologies laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and high-speed laser directed energy deposition (HS L-DED) are used to produce workpieces which are subsequently machined by micro milling (tool diameter d = 100 µm). The machining results were evaluated based on tool wear, burr formation, process forces and the generated topography. Those indicated differences in the machinability of materials produced by L-PBF and HS L-DED which were attributed to different microstructural properties.
Theoretical predictions of dynamic necking formability of ductile metallic sheets with evolving plastic anisotropy and tension-compression asymmetry
Authors: Kumar M. Anil , N’souglo K. E. , Hosseini N. , Jacques N. , Rodríguez-Martínez J. A.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we have investigated necking formability of anisotropic and tension-compression asymmetric metallic sheets subjected to in-plane loading paths ranging from plane strain tension to near equibiaxial tension. For that purpose, we have used three different approaches: a linear stability analysis, a nonlinear two-zone model and unit-cell finite element calculations. We have considered three materials –AZ31-Mg alloy, high purity α-titanium and OFHC copper– whose mechanical behavior is described with an elastic-plastic constitutive model with yielding defined by the CPB06 criterion (15) which includes specific features to account for the evolution of plastic orthotropy and strength differential effect with accumulated plastic deformation (48). From a methodological standpoint, the main novelty of this paper with respect to the recent work of N’souglo et al. (42) –which investigated materials with yielding described by the orthotropic criterion of Hill (24)– is the extension of both stability analysis and nonlinear two-zone model to consider anisotropic and tension-compression asymmetric materials with distortional hardening. The results obtained with the stability analysis and the nonlinear two-zone model show reasonable qualitative and quantitative agreement with forming limit diagrams calculated with the finite element simulations, for the three materials considered, and for a wide range of loading rates varying from quasi-static loading up to 40000 s− 1, which makes apparent the capacity of the theoretical models to capture the mechanisms which control necking formability of metallic materials with complex plastic behavior. Special mention deserves the nonlinear two-zone model, as it does not need prior calibration –unlike the stability analysis– and it yields accurate predictions that rarely deviate more than 10% from the results obtained with the unit-cell calculations.
Evaluating the emotional bidding framework: new evidence from a decade of neurophysiology
Authors: Adam Marc T. P. , Krämer Jan
Published: June 2022

Ten years ago the “emotional bidding framework” (Adam et al., Electronic Markets, 21(3), 197–207, 2011b) was published in this journal. It provided a conceptualization for the role of human emotion in electronic auctions along six propositions on how emotions emerge during the auction process and affect auction outcomes. While the framework emphasized the importance of immediate emotional responses and momentary changes in the bidders’ emotional state, the original article did not include an evaluation of its propositions given the limited data on how bidders experience emotions in the moment that they occur. Ten years on, advances in the growing research field of NeuroIS allow to evaluate the propositions based on neurophysiological evidence. As a rejoinder of the original article, the present paper synthesizes these insights, refines the framework further, and identifies fruitful areas for future research based on remaining gaps in the body of knowledge.
Apigenin impedes cell cycle progression at G2 phase in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Hnit Su Su Thae , Yao Mu , Xie Chanlu , Bi Ling , Wong Matthew , Liu Tao , De Souza Paul , Li Zhong , Dong Qihan
Published: June 2022

As a natural flavone, apigenin is abundantly present in vegetables, fruits, oregano, tea, chamomile, wheat sprout and is regarded as a major component of the Mediterranean diet. Apigenin is known to inhibit proliferation in different cancer cell lines by inducing G2/M arrest, but it is unclear whether this action is predominantly imposed on G2 or M phases. In this study, we demonstrate that apigenin arrests prostate cancer cells at G2 phase by flow cytometric analysis of prostate cancer cells co-stained for phospho-Histone H3 and DNA. Concurrently, apigenin also reduces the mRNA and protein levels of the key regulators that govern G2-M transition. Further analysis using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) confirmed the diminished transcriptional activities of the genes coding for these regulators. Unravelling the inhibitory effect of apigenin on G2-M transition in cancer cells provides the mechanistic understanding of its action and supports the potential for apigenin as an anti-cancer agent.

Graphical Abstract
Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: do microRNAs matter?
Authors: Ryspayeva Dinara , Halytskiy Volodymyr , Kobyliak Nazarii , Dosenko Iryna , Fedosov Artem , Inomistova Mariia , Drevytska Tetyana , Gurianov Vitalyi , Sulaieva Oksana
Published: June 2022

Background

Conventionally, breast cancer (BC) prognosis and prediction of response to therapy are based on TNM staging, histological and molecular subtype, as well as genetic alterations. The role of various epigenetic factors has been elucidated in carcinogenesis. However, it is still unknown to what extent miRNAs affect the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). This pilot study is focused on evaluating the role of miR-34a, miR-124a, miR-155, miR-137 and miR-373 in response to NACT.

Methods

That was a prospective study enrolling 34 patients with histologically confirmed BC of II-III stages. The median age of patients was 53 (47–59.8) years old, 70.6% of whom were HR-positive. MiRs levels were measured in the primary tumor before and after NACT. The response to therapy was assessed after surgery using the Miller-Payne scoring system. To establish the role of miRs in modulating response to NACT the Cox model was applied for analysis.

Results

BC demonstrated a great variability of miRs expression before and after NACT with no strong links to tumor stage and molecular subtype. Only miR-124a and miR-373 demonstrated differential expression between malignant and normal breast tissues before and after therapy though these distinctions did not impact response to NACT. Besides miR-124a and miR-137 levels after NACT were found to be dependent on HR status. While miR-124a levels increased (p = 0.021) in the tumor tissue, the expression of miR-137 was downregulated (p = 0.041) after NACT in HR positive BC.

Conclusions

The study revealed differences in miR-124a and miR-373 expression after NACT in primary BC tissues. Although miRs levels did not impact the response to NACT, we found miR-124a and miR-137 levels to be related to hormonal sensitivity of BC.
Machine Learning–Based Identification of Target Groups for Thrombectomy in Acute Stroke
Authors: Quandt Fanny , Flottmann Fabian , Madai Vince I. , Alegiani Anna , Küpper Clemens , Kellert Lars , Hilbert Adam , Frey Dietmar , Liebig Thomas , Fiehler Jens , Goyal Mayank , Saver Jeffrey L. , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz , Tiedt Steffen ,   the GSR investigators and the VISTA-Endovascular Collaborators, Berrouschot J. , Bormann A. , Bohner G. , Nolte C. H. , Siebert E. , Zweynert S. , Dorn F. , Petzold G. C. , Keil F. , Pfeilschifter W. , Hamann G. F. , Braun M. , Eckert B. , Röther J. , Alegiani A. , Fiehler J. , Gerloff C. , Thomalla G. , Kraemer C. , Gröschel K. , Uphaus T. , Kellert L. , Tiedt S. , Trumm C. , Boeckh-Behrens T. , Wunderlich S. , Ludolph A. , Petersen M. , Stögbauer F. , Ernemann U. , Poli S. , Khatri P. , Bendszuz M. , Bracard S. , Broderick J. , Campbell B. , Ciccone A. , Davalos A. , Davis S. , Demchuk A. , Diener H. C. , Dippel D. , Donnan G. A. , Ducrocq X. , Fiehler J. , Fiorella D. , Ford G. , Goyal M. , Hacke W. , Hill M. , Jahan R. , Jauch E. , Jovin T. , Kidwell C. , Lees K. R. , Liebeskind D. S. , Majoie C. B. , Martins S. , Mitchell P. , Mocco J. , Muir K. , Nogueira R. G. , Saver J. L. , Schonewille W. J. , Siddiqui A. H. , Thomalla G. , Tomsick T. A. , Turk A. S. , van Zwam W. H. , White P. , Yoshimura S. , Zaidat O. O.
Published: June 2022

Whether endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) improves functional outcome in patients with large-vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke that do not comply with inclusion criteria of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) but that are considered for EVT in clinical practice is uncertain. We aimed to systematically identify patients with LVO stroke underrepresented in RCTs who might benefit from EVT. Following the premises that (i) patients without reperfusion after EVT represent a non-treated control group and (ii) the level of reperfusion affects outcome in patients with benefit from EVT but not in patients without treatment benefit, we systematically assessed the importance of reperfusion level on functional outcome prediction using machine learning in patients with LVO stroke treated with EVT in clinical practice (N = 5235, German-Stroke-Registry) and in patients treated with EVT or best medical management from RCTs (N = 1488, Virtual-International-Stroke-Trials-Archive). The importance of reperfusion level on outcome prediction in an RCT-like real-world cohort equaled the importance of EVT treatment allocation for outcome prediction in RCT data and was higher compared to an unselected real-world population. The importance of reperfusion level was magnified in patient groups underrepresented in RCTs, including patients with lower NIHSS scores (0–10), M2 occlusions, and lower ASPECTS (0–5 and 6–8). Reperfusion level was equally important in patients with vertebrobasilar as with anterior LVO stroke. The importance of reperfusion level for outcome prediction identifies patient target groups who likely benefit from EVT, including vertebrobasilar stroke patients and among patients underrepresented in RCT patients with low NIHSS scores, low ASPECTS, and M2 occlusions.