bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of 2-phenoxy derivatives of pyridine
Authors: Zubenko A.A. , Fetisov L.N. , Kononenko K.N. , Svyatogorova A.E.
Published: September 2021

The aim of the present work is to synthesize phenoxypyridine derivatives and to screen substances with a high level of biological activity within the series of synthesized compounds, which is essential for solving the problem of overcoming the growing drug resistance of bacteria and protozoa. The interaction of 2-chloro-5-nitro- and 2-chloro-3-nitro-pyridine with aromatic aldehydes containing phenolic hydroxyl gave 15 pyridine series aryl ethers in high yields when reacted in dimethylformamide (DMFA) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the presence of bases. In the reaction we used phenolic derivative of kojic acid (compound 1 of Table 1), a number of benzene series aldehydes with different substituents: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (compound 2 of Table 1), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (compound 3 of Table 1), 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (compound 5 of Table 1), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (compound 7 of Table 1 ), salicylic aldehyde (compound 11 of Table 1), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (compound 12 of Table 1), vanillin (compound 13 of Table 1), and compound 15 (Table 1) of the benzene series with two hydroxyl and aldehyde groups. As well as benzene-type aldehydes, the methyl ester of salicylic acid (compound 4 of Table 1), 4-hydroxymethylphenol (compound 6 of Table 1), 4-acetylphenol (compound 8 of Table 1), and 3-hydroxy benzoic acid (compound 14 of Table 1) were used. In the reaction, in addition to the above compounds, 7-hydroxycoumarin (compound 9 of Table 1) and semicarbazide-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (compound 10 of Table 1) were also used. Their purification was performed by recrystallization from organic solvents (ethyl acetate, benzene, ethanol, and isopropanol). The obtained compounds were studied as part of the institute's search for compounds to expand the range of active substances with protistoсid and antibacterial activity with low toxicity. Synthesized compounds have pronounced antiprotozoal activity against Colpoda steinii. the most active compound contains a nitro group in the 3rd position of the pyridine ring as well as an aldehyde and hydroxyl group in the benzene ring. The minimum protistocidal concentration of this compound is 0.9 µg/ml, which is 60 fold more active than toltrazuril and 8 fold more active than chloroquine. This compound is recommended for extended toxicological and pharmacological studies.
Accumulation of heavy metals and antioxidant defense system in the gametophyte of Didymodon rigidulus Hedw. in areas with high traffic loads
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine, Polishchuk A. I. , Antonyak H. L. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

Background. Various modes of transport are among the main sources of environmental pollution with heavy metals and other pollutants. Bryophytes are known to accumulate heavy metals; however, metabolic changes in mosses under conditions of metal accumulation have not been extensively studied. The aim of this article was to analyze the accumulation of heavy metals, the process of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system in Didymodon rigidulus Hedw. moss collected in urban areas with an intense load created by road and railway transport. Materials and Methods. Gametophyte shoots were collected at three sampling sites in the city of Lviv (Ukraine). Site 1 was selected in a park zone, which was considered a control one; sites 2 and 3 were selected in areas with heavy road and rail traffic, respectively. Concentrations of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the moss material were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The levels of LPO products, namely lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, were determined by standard methods. The results were processed using the methods of variation statistics. Results. Moss D. rigidulus growing in the park area (site 1) accumulated metals in the following order of decreasing concentration: Zn> Cr> Ni> Pb. Gametophyte shoots of D. rigidulus collected at site 2 accumulated higher levels of Pb, Zn and Ni (by 2.27, 1.78 and 1.45 times, respectively), and at site 3, higher levels of Pb and Zn (by 1.8 and 1.67 times, respectively) compared to gametophytes collected in the park zone. In the moss samples from these sites, no significant differences in the Cr content were found as compared to the control. Concentration of lipid hydroperoxides in the moss sampled at sites 2 and 3 was 4.26 and 3.75 times higher, respectively, compared to the control, and TBARS production was more intense in plant material from site 2 than from the control site. SOD and catalase activities were considerably increased in D. rigidulus moss from site 2 compared with those from the control area; however, the activity of both enzymes in the moss samples from site 3 did not significantly exceed the control levels. Conclusions. Both road and rail traffic loads contribute to the accumulation of heavy metals, especially Zn and Pb, in D. rigidulus moss growing in the surrounding areas. Under such conditions, LPO process is stimulated, which is more pronounced in moss growing in area with heavy road traffic. The increased activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and catalase) in moss growing in this area can play an important role in protecting bryophyte cells against metal-induced oxidative stress under conditions of intense metal accumulation.
Application of polymeric dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate based carriers of plasmid DNA for genetic transformation of Ceratodon purpureus moss
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Finiuk N. S. ,   Institute of Cell Biology NAS of Ukraine, Mitina N. E. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine, Lobachevska O. V. ,   Institute of Ecology of the Carpathians NAS of Ukraine, Zaichenko A. S. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine, Stoika R. S. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv; Institute of Cell Biology NAS of Ukraine
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Genetic engineering in plants is of great importance for agriculture, biotechnology and medicine, and nanomaterials are widely used for genetic engineering. The aim of present study was to evaluate the potential of poly(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA)-based comb-like polymers as gene delivery systems in moss Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. protoplasts and determine the level of phytotoxicity of these polymers. Materials and Methods. In order to confirm the formation of complex of poly-DMAEMA carrier with plasmid DNA pSF3, gel retardation assay was used. The PEG-mediated transformation protocol was adapted to transform the protoplasts of C. purpureus moss with poly-DMAEMA carriers. Light microscopy was used to study a toxicity of polymers for moss protoplasts. The level of the polymers toxicity was estimated as IC50 value. Results and Discussion. The formation of pDNA complex with DMAEMA-based carriers took place at 0.03% concentration of the polymers BGA-21, BGA-22(2ph), BG-24, BG-25, BG-26 or 0.1% concentration of the BGA-22 polymer. Poly-DMAEMA carriers were able to deliver plasmid DNA pSF3 into protoplasts of C. purpureus moss. Three stable transformants of C. purpureus were obtained at using BGA-22 polymer, 2 clones – at using BGA-21 carrier, and 1 clone – at using BGA-22(2ph), BG-24, BG-25, BG-26 polymers. The poly-DMAEMA carriers at the working 0.0025% dose were relatively non-toxic for protoplasts of C. purpureus moss. 83.1-88.4% of viable protoplasts of C. purpureus moss were detected after treatment with studied carriers at 0.0025% dose. A survival ratio of protoplasts reached 66.7-72.9% under the effect of these polymers at 0.025% dose, which is 10 times higher than their working concentration. The IC50 value of poly-DMAEMA carriers was in the range of 0.113-0.164%, that was approximately 10 times higher than that of the PEG-6000 used for gene delivery in plants. Conclusion. Novel synthetic poly-DMAEMA carriers delivered the gene of interest into moss C. purpureus protoplasts and possessed a low phytotoxicity. Thus, these carriers can be useful for gene delivery into plant cells.
Changes in species composition of waders in western Ukraine during the historical period of zoological research
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine, Shydlovskyy I. V. , Tsaryk Y. V. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Information on historical changes in the fauna of geographical regions and biota habitats is important for understanding the processes that take place in ecosystems. The results of such an analysis in combination with modern research can indicate not only the global trends in changes of animal associations and the status of particular populations of species, but also reveal the reasons that caused the situation. Materials and discussion. The first lists of bird species in the 18th – early 19th centuries showed the nesting of 12 species of waders. However, during the 19th century 37 species of waders were found, 12 of which were nesting. 13 wader species were permanent migratory and 8 – rare migratory species. In the first half of the 20th century, there were 27 species of waders on the territory of Prykarpattia, and 25 in Volyn, among which there is a larger list of migratory and vagrant species in the foothills of the Carpathians. In the second half of the 20th century, 39 species of waders were described within the western regions of Ukraine, of which 17 were nesting, and four of them were recorded during the last decade. Conclusions. There are 42 species of waders (39 of them are recent) registered in the western part of Ukraine. Among them 17 species are nesting, 15 – migratory and seven – vagrant species. During the 20th–21st centuries, 23 species of waders, including only 7 nesting species, have not changed their status of stay. However, it has changed for 17 species: two species have disappeared; four – have become vagrant; the Ruff Calidris pugnax and the Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis have changed their status from nesting to migratory. The Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus, the Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus and the Wood Sandpiper T. glareola that were common, somewhere numerous bird, – have become few in numbers; and the Great Snipe Gallinago media and the Black-tailed Gotwit Limosa limosa – have become rare. The Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus has become migratory. The nesting of sandpipers, with a southern area of distribution, in the western regions of Ukraine proves the fact of the global warming. However, the drop of the water level, drying out of wet meadows and swamps and, as a consequence, plant succession, have terminated the nesting of such species as the Ruff and the Marsh Sandpiper; the Black-tailed, the Great Snipe and the Wood Sandpiper become rare; the Northern Lapwing and the Green Sandpiper have become much less numerous.
Algoritmo para identificación de consultas por infección respiratoria aguda baja en pediatría en registros clínicos electrónicos
Authors: González Pannia Paula , Rodriguez Tablado Manuel , Esteban Santiago , Abrutzky Rosana , Torres Fernando Adrian , Dominguez Paula , Ossorio Fabiana , Ferrero Fernando
Published: September 2021

Introducción: Debido a ambigüedades en la nomenclatura, las infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas (IRAB) en la infancia frecuentemente no son debidamente registradas, especialmente durante las consultas ambulatorias. Contar con una herramienta que las identifique con precisión, permitirá evaluar el impacto en la salud respiratoria de noxas de alcance masivo y diseñar las políticas para prevenirlas o mitigar sus efectos.

Nuestro objetivo fue construir un algoritmo que permita identificar niños con IRAB a partir de los datos de la historia clínica electrónica (HCE) del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (GCBA).

Métodos: Utilizando la HCE-GCBA, se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 1000 consultas ambulatorias de pacientes menores de 2 años. Se buscaron términos que hicieran referencia a que la consulta era motivada por IRAB, con los que se desarrolló un algoritmo basado en reglas duras. Se utilizó otro set de datos de 800 consultas para ajustar el algoritmo y, finalmente, se validó su desempeño en un tercer set de 800 consultas correspondientes a todo el año 2018.

Resultados: En el set de validación, la herramienta desarrollada identificó IRAB con sensibilidad 88,24%, especificidad 97,5%, VPP 86,07% y VPN 97,93%.

Conclusión: El algoritmo de búsqueda desarrollado permite identificar con aceptable precisión las consultas ambulatorias relacionadas con IRAB en niños menores de 2 años.
Linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica como presentación de Linfoma de células-T
Authors: Casares Diaz Silvina Ayelén , Milanesio Martín , Amelia Enzo Marcelo , Saad Emanuel José , Guanchiale Luciana , Alomar Juan Manuel
Published: September 2021

Introducción: La linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica (LHH) es un síndrome hiperinflamatorio severo causado por activación aberrante de macrófagos y células T citotóxicas que se manifiesta clínicamente como un cuadro febril asociado a citopenias, hiperferritininemia y esplenomegalia. Ante su diagnóstico en adultos se deben buscar causas secundarias como neoplasias hematológicas. El inicio precoz del tratamiento es importante debido a su elevada mortalidad.

Métodos: Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 53 años de edad que se le realizó diagnóstico de LHH asociada a Linfoma de células T. La forma de presentación de dicho cuadro fue de manera abrupta con varios síntomas y signos de dicho síndrome, además de múltiples complicaciones infecciosas asociadas.

Resultados: Ante el diagnóstico inicial de LHH se inició tratamiento con etopósido y dexametasona, y al obtener el diagnóstico de Linfoma de células T, se instauró tratamiento quimioterápico con esquema de CHOEP, con evolución inicial favorable.

Conclusiones: La LHH es una entidad poco frecuente asociada a una elevada mortalidad, por lo que su índice de sospecha debe de ser elevado ante un cuadro clínico y analítico compatible. Sin embargo, su diagnóstico constituye un gran desafío clínico, pudiendo presentarse en algunas ocasiones superpuesto a cuadros infecciosos múltiples. El inicio precoz del tratamiento es importante debido a su alta mortalidad.
Tendencia secular (1980-2018) de las muertes infantiles por malformaciones congenitas en Argentina
Authors: Bronberg Rubén Adrian , Chapur Valeria Fernanda , Dipierri Jose Edgardo
Published: September 2021

Introducción: Las malformaciones congénitas (MC) representan la segunda causa de muertes infantiles en Argentina.

Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia secular (1980-2018) de las muertes infantiles por MC a nivel regional y provincial.

Materiales y Métodos: Los datos proceden de la DEIS (Ministerio de Salud) y comprenden el número absoluto de fallecidos y de nacidos vivos y las defunciones por MC codificadas según CIE-10 (Códigos Q00-Q99). Se calculó por regiones (Centro, NOA, NEA, Cuyo y Patagonia) y provincias la tasa de MI por MC (TMI-MC) (número de muertos por malformaciones congénitas / número de recién nacidos) y la proporción de muertes infantiles por malformaciones congénitas (PM-MC) (porcentaje de muertes por malformaciones congénitas / muertes por todas las causas). El período se dividió en 7 subgrupos de cinco años y uno de 4. La tendencia secular se analizó mediante un modelo de Poisson. Para representar de manera gráfica las diferencias en la TMI-MC y PM-MC a nivel regional se utilizó un gráfico de líneas y barras.

Resultados: A nivel país se registró un patrón caracterizado por el descenso y ascenso significativos de la TMI-MC y PM-MC respectivamente. Este patrón se repite en las regiones Centro, Cuyo y Patagonia y en las provincias de Buenos Aires, Santa Fé, Entre Ríos, Neuquén, La Pampa, Mendoza y Santa Cruz. En las restantes regiones y provincias la TMI-MC exhibe un comportamiento heterogéneo.

Conclusión: La heterogeneidad regional y provincial de la tendencia de TMI-MC y PM-MC refleja las inequidades espaciales socioeconómicas del país en las últimas décadas.
Los alcances de la investigación clínica
Authors: Cuestas Eduardo
Published: September 2021

La investigación clínica es la parte de la investigación médica que incluye la participación de los pacientes de manera integral sin separarlos de sus datos personales, imágenes y muestras histopatológicas o bioquímicas, para entender tanto la salud como la enfermedad.
LEITURA COMO AÇÃO COLETIVA DE COMPETÊNCIA NA PRODUÇÃO DE RESULTADO SIGNIFICATIVO
Authors: da Silva Vilma Conceição
Published: September 2021

O objetivo do trabalho é de buscar configurar a leitura na ação coletiva enquanto processo de resultado significativo nas condições determinadas humana que são traçados condições, em que o social é agente contribuidor e delimitador do discurso em seu âmbito de produção individual ou coletivo o desenvolvimento das teorias sobre a leitura acompanha o desenvolvimento da própria linguística. Em uma retrospectiva histórica na pesquisa dessa habilidade, três elementos se alternam como focos de atenção: o autor o leitor e o texto. A ênfase em um e outro estar diretamente relacionada às diferentes concepções de linguagem, que terminam por modular as várias práticas e orientações em sala de aula. É inegável que a leitura do texto escrito constitui uma conquista da humanidade. Pela leitura, o ser humano não só absorve o conhecimento, como pode transformá-lo em um processo de aperfeiçoamento continuo. A aprendizagem da leitura possibilita a emancipação da criança e a assimilação dos valores da sociedade. É na família que a criança forma a sua identidade e desenvolve o seu equilíbrio emocional. Uma das missões dos pais é a transmissão de valores éticos e morais, os pais que oferece às crianças, desde cedo o contato com obras-primas de literatura, infantil, ou seja, tomar contato com os livros de boa qualidade. Com isso, é possível que a criança crie o hábito e o prazer pela leitura, sendo uma atividade prazerosa entre os filhos e seus familiares construindo uma forma mágica de brincar com as palavras, estimulando as crianças a desenvolver o gosto pela leitura.
Effect of the composite immunostimulants of plant origin on the expression of some Th1 cell immune response genes
Authors:   Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Turmagambetova Aizhan , Bogoyavlenskiy Andrey ,   Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Alexyuk Pavel ,   Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Alexyuk Madina ,   Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Berezin Vladimir ,   Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: September 2021

The high variability of the influenza virus leads to its rapid adaptation to drugs and vaccines, which requires a change in the strategy and tactics against influenza infection. A deeper understanding of the nature of innate and adaptive immunity for influenza infection is required to create more effective means of influenza preventing and treating. The aim of the work was to study the changes in the levels of the main markers of specific Th1 antiviral immunity after introduction of a composite immunostimulant based on biologically active compounds of plant origin. Material and methods. Composite immunostimulants were mixed of purified pentacyclic triterpenoid betulin with purified methoxy flavonoids: nobiletin, hesperidin and isorhamnetin glycoside of plant origin. The expression level of the studied genes was determined by PCR. The genes IL-1, IL-2, and Ccr5 were chosen as markers of the Th1 immune response. Results and discussion. It was shown that immunostimulants compositions based on a combination of betulin with methoxy flavonoids (isorhamnetin glycoside, hesperidin and nobiletin) can significantly stimulate the expression of studied genes of Th1 cellular stage of the immune response. The highest activity of stimulating in expression of selected marker genes was found for the IL-2 gene (11-fold increase in expression activity), the smallest for the Ccr5 chemokine gene (2.2-fold increase in expression activity). Conclusions. The results show that immunostimulants compositions based on the combination of purified triterpene betulin glycoside with purified methoxy flavonoids can significantly effect on the structure of a specific immune response, which is of great importance for the creation of new preventive and therapeutic antiviral preparations. Keywords: betulin, isorhamnetin, nobiletin, hesperidin, adaptive immunity, Th1 immunity, genes expression.
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER QUR’ANI REAKTUALISASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER QUR’ANI (SEJARAH DAN TANTANGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI ERA GLOBAL)
Authors: Mujiburrahman Mujiburrahman , Faruq Umar
Published: September 2021

Pendidikan karakter sendiri sempat digadang-gadangkan menjadi salah satu program prioritas kepemimpinan Presiden Joko Widodo yang saat itu masih didampingi Jusuf Kalla sebagai wakil presiden. Gagasan PPK (Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter) dirumuskan dan kemudian gulirkan pada tahun 2016. Hal ini sebagai upaya pembenahan dan solusi untuk mengatisi carut-marut kondisi pendidikan indonesia. Pada hakikatnya al-Qur’an merupakan sumber utama rujukan  ajaran Islam oleh karenanya, pada masa pembinaan pendidikan agama Islam di Makkah Rasulullah mengajarkan al-Qur’an. Dari kilas balik fakta sejarah diatas kita ketahui Nabi Muhammad SWA hanya dengan bermodalkan al-Qur’an sebagai materi pembelajarannya berhasil mengubah karakter bangsa arab yang sebelumnya sangat identik dengan penyimpangan menjadi bangsa dan masyarakat yang berbudaya, beradab dan berlembaga. Pendidikan karakter qur’ani secara garis besar memuat tiga dimesi nilai utama yang berorentasi pada aspek akhlak, diataranya: Akhlak terhadap Allah, sesama manusia dan alam semesta. Tiga aspek akhlak tersebut menjadi inti pendidikan karakter qur’an
Alpha-lipoic acid enhances short-term spatial memory of mice in open-space forced swim-induced depression mouse model
Authors: Yusha'u Yusuf , Muhammad Adam Umar , Abdul Wahab Alhassan , Alhaji Saleh Malajiya Ibrahim , Ya’u Jamilu
Published: September 2021

Depression affects over 264 million people of all ages globally. Major depressive disorder significantly and chronically reduced quality of life by its association with functional impairment both at home and in the workplace. Depressive patients consistently complain about cognitive disturbances, significantly exacerbating the burden of this illness. Several studies have shown that alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) possesses mitochondrial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties, indicating a basis for evaluating the efficacy of ALA in depression. Hence, this research aimed to assess the possible anti-depressant effect of ALA in mice exposed to the open space forced swim test (OSFST) model of depression. Twenty-five (25) Swiss albino mice were grouped into five groups (n=5). Group 1: [Normal saline (NS)], Groups 2, 3 and 4 received graded doses of ALA 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, Group 5 received fluoxetine 20 mg/kg orally. The animals were subjected to OSFST, novel object recognition test (NORT) and Y-maze test. Serotonin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase levels of the mice were assessed. Treatment with ALA and fluoxetine significantly decreased immobility time compared to NS group in OSFST (p<0.05). Also, ALA at doses of 200 & 400 mg/kg and fluoxetine 20 mg/kg significantly increased spontaneous alternation ratio in the Y-maze test compared to the normal saline group (p<0.05), however, no significant difference was observed in novel object recognition using NORT between NS, ALA and fluoxetine treated groups. Similarly, the level of serotonin, SOD and catalase were not altered between the ALA and fluoxetine treated groups and NS group. In contrast, fluoxetine 20 mg/kg increased the brain BDNF level of the mice (p<0.05). Alpha-lipoic acid ameliorated depression in the OSFST murine model of depression and improved their cognition. Thus ALA can be a promising candidate in the development of novel anti-depressant medication.
Global Travel Restriction's Effect on The Number of Deaths from COVID - 19: An Analysis on Global COVID-19 Data
Authors: FOURKAN MD
Published: September 2021

Modeling global travel restrictions and number of cases and deaths from COVID-19 we have
shown that effective regulatory actions such as global travel restrictions could reduce the number
of deaths per million from this pandemic. We have controlled for country specific demographic
and geographic variables such as average temperature, number of populations, alcohol intake per
day, test in per million to find out the ceteris paribus effect of global travel restrictions on the
number of deaths from COVID-19 in countries around the world. By classifying countries across
three layers of global travel restrictions status, based on their regulatory actions, against COVID-
19 our model reveals that global travel restriction could have saved many lives. The findings from
this paper can be considered in future for any further spike of COVID-19 along with any other
pandemic in future.
More on Diamonds and De Beers
Authors:   Institute for African Studies RAS, Skubko Yury
Published: September 2021

The author develops and supplements his previous analysis of a long period of Moscow’s confidential cooperation with South African diamond cartel De Beers, both forced and mutually beneficial, initially in the 1920s, then from late 1950s to early 1990s (Journal of the Institute for African Studies №3(40),2017). According to recently released documents such cooperation also continued between these two periods. It provided Soviet enterprises with imported industrial diamonds for precision instruments and augmented the country’s defense potential during the period of toughest Western Cold war sanctions in 1949–1953, before the discovery and extraction of rich deposits of Yakut diamonds. The article contains some interesting evidence of Russian diaspora involvement in South African industrial development. The author also calls for greater objectivity in historic analysis of the period of South African internal colonialism and anti-apartheid struggle.
Economy, Education and Physical Education in Kenya in the Light of Statistical Indicators
Authors: Hideg Gabriella
Published: September 2021

Kenya was once a British colony, and today it is a fast-growing country with world-class hotels and shopping malls on one side of the road, while misery and poverty show their cruel faces on the other side. It is a country where internal struggles and political unrest are ongoing, corruption is enormous, and an increasing number of terrorist organizations are appearing (even breaking into universities and slaughtering young people for their religious affiliation). The aim of our work is to present the economic, social and socio-cultural background of the country. We considered it important to highlight economic indicators such as the proportion of GDP spent on education at each level of the education system, alone and compared to other countries, and we also examined the population pyramid of the country. One of the interesting points of the study is the comparison of Kenya’s educational values with those of Malaysia or other African countries, and also specifically mapping the physical education development of Kenya. In the course of our research, we relied on the available literature and the analysis of statistical data, however, personal experiences and observations are interspersed with the study. As a result of our work, we can get a clearer picture of the economic, social and socio-cultural environment of a wonderful country, thus bringing the values of a distant world closer.
The Complex Twists and Turns of the Israel-South Africa Relations
Authors: Khlebnikova Luiza
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article is to reveal the features of relations between Israel and South Africa in a historical retrospective with a focus on the South African Jewish community that is still the largest in the region. In contrast to relations with other African states, that went through stages from the “honeymoon” in the 1960s, the break in the early 1970s, to the new rapprochement in the 1990s – early 2000s, the interactions between Israel and South Africa had a completely different periodization. At first, the Israeli government did not develop contacts with the apartheid regime, but since the mid-1970s till the end of the 1980s, the governments were involved in a secret military cooperation. Since the early 1990s, Israel and South Africa began to build relations in a completely different international context. One of the main issues provoking tensions between the governments is the unresolved Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The African National Congress has historically had close ties with the Palestine Liberation Organization, highlighting the fight against oppression as a common one. As part of its “return to Africa”, the Israeli government cannot ignore such a powerful player in the region as Pretoria. With mutual interests, the two sides can have a constructive dialogue, but the lack of progress in the settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict will negatively affect the nature of their interaction. The author of this paper continues a series of works on the study of relations between Israel and African countries with the aim of filling the existing niche in Russian historiography.
ADAM21P1 expression associates with survival in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2021

We mined published microarray data (1) to understand the most significant gene expression differences in the tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients based on survival following treatment: dead or alive. We observed significant transcriptome-wide differential expression of ADAM metallopeptidase domain 21 pseudogene 1, encoded by ADAM21P1 when comparing the primary tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients dead or alive. Importantly, ADAM21P expression was significantly correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in basal subtype breast cancer, a molecular subtype sharing significant overlap with triple negative breast cancer. ADAM21P1 may be of relevance as a biomarker or as a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of triple negative breast cancer.
A Multisample Demonstration of Using the Prolific Platform for Repeated Assessment and Psychometric Substance Use Research
Authors: Stanton Kasey , Carpenter Ryan William
Published: September 2021

The Prolific platform offers a potentially useful and efficient crowdsourcing option for repeated assessment substance use research, including for psychometric research requiring large samples. We present both (a) a series of practical recommendations for using Prolific and (b) data from multiple samples demonstrating Prolific’s potential for efficiently collected repeated measures data. First, we present data from a 5-day daily diary protocol. We recruited a large sample (N = 321 at Day 1) screened for a history of self-identified mental health issues and weekly alcohol use. Participant adherence was good (82%) even without in-person contact. Alcohol use patterns conformed to theoretical expectations: Participants were more likely to drink on Fridays and Saturdays than other days, men drank more than women, and higher Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT; Saunders et al., 1993) scores were associated with an increased likelihood of use and more overall drinking on a given day. Second, we present data from 429 Prolific participants screened for a history of mental health issues who completed assessments 2 weeks apart with strong retention (N = 377; 88%). We compare these data with data from undergraduates (N = 529) to demonstrate Prolific’s utility for conducting psychometrically-oriented substance use research. Internal consistency estimates for measures from the Prolific data matched or exceeded those from the undergraduate data. Furthermore, measure scores showed strong temporal stability, and factor structures (e.g., AUDIT item-level structures) conformed to theoretical expectations. Collectively, these findings indicate that Prolific can be used successfully for repeated measures data collection.
Early Pliocene Marine Transgression into the Lower Colorado River Valley, Southwestern USA, by Re-Flooding of a Former Tidal Strait
Authors: Dorsey Rebecca , Braga Alarcón Juan Carlos , Gardner Kevin , O'Connell Brennan
Published: September 2021

Marine straits and seaways are known to host a wide range of sedimentary processes and products, but the role of marine connections in the development of large river systems remains little studied. This study explores a hypothesis that shallow marine waters flooded the lower Colorado River valley at ~ 5 Ma along a fault-controlled former tidal straight, soon after the river was first integrated to the northern Gulf of California. The upper bioclastic member of the southern Bouse Formation provides a critical test of this hypothesis. The upper bioclastic member contains wave ripple-laminated bioclastic grainstone with minor red mudstone, pebbly grainstone with HCS-like stratification and symmetrical gravelly ripples, and calcareous-matrix conglomerate. Fossils include upward-branching segmented coralline-like red algae with no known modern relatives but confirmed as marine calcareous algae, echinoid spines, barnacles, shallow marine foraminifers, clams, and serpulid worm tubes. These results provide evidence for deposition in a shallow marine bay or estuary seaward of the transgressive backstepping Colorado River delta. Tsunamis generated by seismic and meteorologic sources likely produced the HCS-like and wave-ripple cross-bedding in poorly-sorted gravelly grainstone. Marine waters inundated a former tidal strait within a fault-bounded tectonic lowland that connected the lower Colorado River to the Gulf of California. Delta backstepping and transgression resulted from a decrease in sediment output due to sediment trapping in upstream basins and relative sea-level rise produced by regional tectonic subsidence.
The adverse effect of modifiable dementia risk factors on cognition amplify across the adult lifespan
Authors: LaPlume Annalise Aleta , Mcketton Larissa , Levine Brian , Troyer Angela K. , Anderson Nicole
Published: September 2021

Background: Modifiable lifestyle behaviours can reduce dementia risk by 40%, but their prevalence and association with cognition throughout the adult lifespan is less well understood. Methods: Associations between eight modifiable risk factors for dementia (low education, hypertension, hearing loss, traumatic brain injury, alcohol or substance abuse, diabetes, smoking, and depression) and cognition were examined in an online sample (N = 22,117, aged 18-89). Findings: Older adults (ages 66-89) had more risk factors than middle-aged (ages 45-65) and younger adults (ages 18-44). Polynomial regression revealed each additional risk factor was associated with a drop in cognitive performance (equivalent to three years of aging), with a larger association as age increased. People with no risk factors in their forties to seventies showed similar cognitive performance to people ten or twenty years younger with many risk factors. Interpretation: Modifiable dementia risk factors may be more important than age in predicting cognitive performance.
Identification with Media Characters Across the Lifespan
Authors: Baugh;Baugh Courtney , Richert Rebekah
Published: September 2021

Identification is a construct rooted in psychoanalysis, where it was originally thought of as a defense mechanism (Freud, 1940/1949, p. 98). In more recent literature, identification (specifically, identifying with another person) is considered a process that requires both external (i.e., behavioral imitation) and internal (i.e., vicarious experience, imagination) mechanisms (Wollheim, 1974). Previous research has examined how humans come to know things about themselves over the lifespan, thus forming their own views about themselves; in other words, forming a self-identity. When examining the research on identity development, identifying with other people, and identifying with media characters, the development of own identity seems to parallel how humans relate to media characters at each stage of life. The purpose of this review is to: (1) examine identity as a construct; (2) examine identity development at each major stage of life; (3) bring attention to the problems media research tends to have when operationalizing the ways in which people can relate and react to media characters; and (4) examine how identifying and relating to media characters changes over the lifespan.
Dance & Movement Therapy: Implementasi dalam Konteks Kelompok
Authors: Amalia Cindy
Published: September 2021

Bergerak merupakan fenomena alami yang dilakukan oleh mahluk hidup salah satunya manusia yang biasanya hanya dianggap sebagai suatu aktivitas rutin yang merupakan bagian dari kehidupan. Padahal apabila ditelaah lebih jauh, manfaat bergerak lebih dari hanya sekedar diperuntukan bagi kesehatan fisik saja namun juga pada kesehatan mental. Menurut WHO (2003: 3) gerak sebagai aktivitas jasmani dapat memberikan manfaat untuk meningkatkan psikis yang baik, mengurangi stress, kecemasan, perasaanperasaan depresi dan kesepian. Salah satu pemanfaatan bergerak untuk keperluan psikis terlihat pada Dance & Movement Therapy. Dance and Movement Therapy (DMT) adalah terapi yang menggunakan gerakan dan tarian yang kreatif untuk kegiatan terapeutik dalam rangka mendukung fungsi intelektual, emosional, dan motorik tubuh (American Dance Therapy, 2010). Implementasi DMT ini digunakan sebagai teknik khusus yang dapat dilakukan dalam konteks kelompok. Studi dalam tulisan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur mengenai implementasi Dance & Movement Therapy terkait implementasinya dalam konteks kelompok.
Human mirror neuron system responsivity to unimodal and multimodal presentations of action
Authors: Copelli Francesca , Rovetti Joseph , ammirante Paolo , Russo Frank
Published: September 2021

This study aims to clarify unresolved questions from two earlier studies (McGarry et al., 2012; Kaplan & Iacoboni, 2007) on human mirror neuron system (hMNS) responsivity to multimodal presentations of actions. These questions are: (1) whether the two frontal areas originally identified by Kaplan and Iacoboni (ventral premotor cortex [vPMC] and inferior frontal gyrus [IFG]) are both part of the hMNS (i.e., do they respond to execution as well as observation), (2) whether both areas yield effects of biologicalness (biological, control) and modality (audio, visual, audiovisual), and (3) whether the vPMC is preferentially responsive to multimodal input. To resolve these questions about the hMNS, we replicated and extended McGarry et al.’s electroencephalography (EEG) study, while incorporating advanced source localization methods. Participants were asked to execute movements (ripping paper) as well as observe those movements across the same three modalities (audio, visual, and audiovisual), all while 64-channel EEG data was recorded. Two frontal sources consistent with those identified in prior studies showed mu event-related desynchronization (mu-ERD) under execution and observation conditions. These sources also showed a greater response to biological movement than to control stimuli as well as a distinct visual advantage, with greater responsivity to visual and audiovisual compared to audio conditions. Exploratory analyses of mu-ERD in the vPMC under visual and audiovisual observation conditions suggests that the hMNS tracks the magnitude of visual movement over time.
Applying Elastic-net Regression to Identify the Best Models Predicting Changes in Civic Purpose during the Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Han Hyemin , Dawson Kelsie J
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Changes in civic purpose during the emerging adulthood has been a significant research topic since it is closely associated with active civic engagement later in human lives. While standard regression methods have been used in previous studies to predict civic purpose development, they have limitations that may not always lead to best prediction models. We aimed to address these limitations by utilizing elastic-net multinomial logistic regression, which favors models with the least number of necessary predictors, in exploration of predictors for civic purpose development in a data-driven manner. Methods: We analyzed data from the longitudinal Civic Purpose Project while focusing on the model that best predicted civic purpose from Wave 1 (before high school graduation) to Wave 2 (two years after Wave 1). The reanalyzed data included responses from 480 participants recruited Californian high schools. The elastic-net regression was performed 5,000 times for predicting three dependent variables, Wave 2 political purpose, community service purpose, and expressive activity purpose, with Wave 1 predictors. We identified which predictors were selected as the constituents of the best regression models during the elastic-net regression process.Results: Results showed that civic purpose, moral and political identity, and external supports (e.g., parental and peer involvement, school civic opportunities, etc.) in Wave 1 significantly predicted civic purpose in Wave 2. Several predictors were excluded from the regression models during the elastic-net regression process.Conclusion: We found that the elastic-net regression was able to present the more regularized model for prediction. Implications for promoting civic purpose are discussed as well as utilizing the elastic-net regression method.
PENGGUNAAN TARI DALAM DANCE MOVEMENT THERAPY
Authors: Nugroho Gili
Published: September 2021

Tari merupakan serangkaian gerakan ritmis disertai irama bertujuan mengekspresikan perasaan seseorang/individu, yang dapat dilakukan secara individu atau kelompok. Pada proses melakukan aktifitas tari terdapat konsep ruang gerak, tenaga, dan waktu. Adapun unsur dari tari ada ragam gerak, iringan, dan pakaian. Seni tari memiliki beberapa fungsi dalam kehidupan diantaranya sebagai sarana/tempat bergaul, sarana upacara, sarana hiburan, media pendidikan, katarsis, penyaluran terapi, dan pertunjukan.
The effect of book format and parent language dominance on shared book reading in bilingual families
Authors: Quirk Erin
Published: September 2021

Shared book reading - an adult reading to a child - supports children’s language development (e.g. Sénéchal, Pagan, & Leve, 2008). Most of what we know about shared book reading comes from studies of monolingual families, but shared book reading in bilingual families is different than in monolingual families. First, bilingual families must divide their book-reading time and resources between two languages. Second, bilingual parents may not be equally comfortable reading in both of their languages, which may influence how much and how well they read in each language. One recent study found that in bilingual families, parents own more books and read to their children more often in their stronger language (Gonzalez-Barrero et al., 2021). This could further disadvantage children’s oral language development in their weaker language. Bilingual books - books that tell a story in two languages - could be a useful tool to address this problem as they may provide additional support for reading in a weaker language. Yet little is known about how bilingual families engage with this format. This project addresses this gap by directly observing French-English bilingual parents and their preschool-aged children during shared reading with traditional single-language books and bilingual books. Shared reading interactions will be transcribed, coded and analyzed to assess the quantity and quality of parent-child interactions when reading 1) a bilingual or traditional single-language book and 2) in a stronger or weaker language.
Time-course of right-hemisphere recruitment during word production following lefthemisphere damage: A single case of young stroke
Authors: Chupina Irina , Sierpowska Joanna , Zheng Xiaochen , Dewenter Anna , Piastra Maria Carla , Piai Vitória
Published: September 2021

Our understanding of post-stroke language function is largely based on older age groups, who show increasing age-related brain pathology and neural reorganisation. To illustrate language outcomes in the young-adult brain, we present the case of A., a 23 y.o. woman with chronic aphasia from a left-hemisphere stroke affecting the temporal lobe. Diffusion MRI-based tractography indicated that A.’s language-relevant white matter structures were severely damaged. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we explored A.’s conceptual preparation and word planning abilities. Context-driven and bare picture-naming tasks revealed naming deficits, manifesting as word-finding difficulties and semantic paraphasias about half of the time. Naming was however facilitated by semantically constraining lead-in sentences. Altogether, this pattern indicates relatively spared conceptual preparation but disrupted lexical and phonological retrieval abilities. MEG revealed that A.’s conceptual and naming-related neural responses were supported by the right hemisphere, compared to the typical left-lateralised brain response of a matched control. Differential recruitment of right-hemisphere structures (330-440 ms postpicture onset) was found concurrently during successful naming (right mid-to-posterior temporal lobe) and word-finding attempts (right inferior frontal gyrus). Disconnection of the temporal lobes via corpus callosum was not critical for recruitment of the right hemisphere in visually guided naming, possibly due to neural activity right-lateralising from the outset. We consider that, despite A.’s young age, the presumed strong degree of language lateralisation and extensive structural damage limited her recovery. Although A.’s right hemisphere responded in a timely manner during word planning, its lexical and phonological retrieval abilities remained modest.
Quantity perception: The forest and the trees
Authors: Yousif Sami Ryan , Keil Frank
Published: September 2021

Park (2021) has described “flawed stimulus design(s)” in our recent studies on area perception. Here, we briefly respond to those critiques. While the rigorous, computational approaches taken by Park (and others) certainly have value, we believe that our approach — one that focuses the perceptual reality of quantity rather than the physical reality — is essential. We emphasize again (as we have many times in our work) that the study of quantity perception benefits from both approaches. To further illustrate our point, we collected additional data and show that some of Park’s arguments, while sensible in principle, further support our view in practice.