bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Limits of Detection. Microdisc versus Microcylinder Electrodes
Authors: Cinková Kristína , Clark Max , Sokolov Stanislav V. , Batchelor‐McAuley Christopher , Švorc Ľubomír , Compton Richard G.
Published: December 2016

The specific apparent capacitance (Farads per unit geometric area) of commercial carbon microdisc electrodes and in‐house fabricated carbon microcylinders is studied through the use of cyclic voltammetry. Home‐made microcylinder electrodes exhibit lower specific apparent capacitances and as a result facilitate lower limits of detection. We further demonstrate practically how the electroanalytical limit of the detection of solution phase trace oxygen is significantly improved using such microcylinder electrodes. Finally we show that after the degassing of a solution by nitrogen purging even in the most commonly encountered ‘best’ case scenarios approximately tens of μM of oxygen remain present in the electrochemical cell, unobservable by the commercial microdisc electrodes, but detectable with microcylinder electrodes, testifying to their analytical superiority.
The psychology of cooperation: Insights from chimpanzees and children
Authors: Melis Alicia P. , Warneken Felix
Published: December 2016

Across all cultures, humans engage in cooperative activities that can be as simple as preparing a meal or sharing food with others and as complex as playing in an orchestra or donating to charity. Although intraspecific cooperation exists among many other animal species, only humans engage in such a wide array of cooperative interaction and participate in large‐scale cooperation that extends beyond kin and even includes strangers.
Tropical forests and the genus Homo
Authors: Roberts Patrick , Boivin Nicole , Lee‐Thorp Julia , Petraglia Michael , Stock Jay
Published: December 2016

Tropical forests constitute some of the most diverse and complex terrestrial ecosystems on the planet. From the Miocene onward, they have acted as a backdrop to the ongoing evolution of our closest living relatives, the great apes, and provided the cradle for the emergence of early hominins, who retained arboreal physiological adaptations at least into the Late Pliocene. There also now exists growing evidence, from the Late Pleistocene onward, for tool‐assisted intensification of tropical forest occupation and resource extraction by our own species, Homo sapiens. However, between the Late Pliocene and Late Pleistocene there is an apparent gap in clear and convincing evidence for the use of tropical forests by hominins, including early members of our own genus. In discussions of Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene hominin evolution, including the emergence and later expansion of Homo species across the globe, tropical forest adaptations tend to be eclipsed by open, savanna environments. Thus far, it is not clear whether this Early‐Middle Pleistocene lacuna in Homo‐rainforest interaction is real and representative of an adaptive shift with the emergence of our species or if it is simply reflective of preservation bias.
A Geochemical Signal from a Mesolithic Intertidal Archaeological Site: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study from Clachan Harbor, Scotland
Authors: Mikołajczyk Łukasz , Schofield J. Edward
Published: December 2016

This paper presents the results of multielemental mapping conducted on peat samples taken from a presumed Mesolithic coastal activity zone at the intertidal site of Clachan Harbor, Scotland. The aim of the study was to use peat geochemical analysis to assess possible evidence for an anthropogenic chemical signal within the peat that might be linked to the use of the site during the Mesolithic. Spatial changes in peat geochemistry revealed a “change point” within the peat bed that may reflect the former boundary between the human activity zone and the coastline. Enhanced dating of events was achieved by integrating the chemical dataset with an existing relative sea‐level curve available for the site. The research demonstrates the advantages of using a multielemental method ahead of a single‐element (e.g., phosphorous‐only) approach when attempting to characterize and trace chemical evidence for past human activity in the intertidal zone. This paper will hopefully lead to the adoption of an improved methodology that can help us to better understand the development of coastal sites within an archaeological context.
Properties of the Amide Bond Involving Proline 4,5‐methanologues: an Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Berger Gilles , Chab‐Majdalani Ingrid , Hanessian Stephen
Published: December 2016

Herein we disclose a combined experimental and theoretical study on the conformational properties of amide bonds involving diastereomeric 4,5‐methano‐L‐proline congeners as N‐acetyl ethyl esters and dimeric amide ethyl esters as substrates for cyclization to diketopiperazines. The results are discussed in light of density functional theory calculations aimed at delineating the importance of the n→π* stabilization of the trans‐amide conformations. The transitions states for the cyclization of diastereomeric 4,5‐methano‐L‐proline ethyl esters to diketopiperazines were calculated and correlated to the experimental studies.
Engineering the Fullerene‐protein Interface by Computational Design: The Sum is More than its Parts
Authors: Trozzi Francesco , Marforio Tainah Dorina , Bottoni Andrea , Zerbetto Francesco , Calvaresi Matteo
Published: December 2016

Of all the amino acids, the surface of π‐electron conjugated carbon nanoparticles has the largest affinity for tryptophan, followed by tyrosine, phenylalanine, and histidine. In order to increase the binding of a protein to a fullerene, it should suffice to mutate a residue of the site that binds to the fullerene to tryptophan, Trp. Computational chemistry shows that this intuitive approach is fraught with danger. Mutation of a binding residue to Trp may even destabilize the binding because of the complicated balance between van der Waals, polar and non‐polar solvation interactions.
Deregulated ALG‐2/HEBP2 axis alters microtubule dynamics and mitotic spindle behavior to stimulate cancer development
Authors: Qin Juan , Yang Yang , Gao Siqi , Liu Yang , Yu Fan , Zhou Yunqiang , Lyu Rui , Liu Min , Liu Xinqi , Li Dengwen , Zhou Jun
Published: December 2016

Cancer cells are characterized by genomic instability, resulting in the accumulation of mutations that promote cancer progression. One way that genomic instability can arise is through improper regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton that impacts the function of the mitotic spindle. In this study, we have identified a critical role for the interaction between apoptosis‐linked gene 2 (ALG‐2) and heme‐binding protein 2 (HEBP2) in the above processes. Our data show that the gene copy numbers and mRNA levels for both ALG‐2 and HEBP2 are significantly upregulated in breast and lung cancer. Coexpression of ALG‐2 and HEBP2 markedly increases the cytoplasmic pool of ALG‐2 and alters the subcellular distribution of HEBP2. Our data further reveal that abnormality in the ALG‐2/HEBP2 interaction impairs spindle orientation and positioning during mitosis. In addition, this complex appears to modulate the dynamic properties of microtubules in cancer cells. These finding thus uncover an important function for deregulated ALG‐2/HEBP2 axis in cancer development by influencing microtubule dynamics and spindle behavior, providing novel insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of cancer.
Detection of D151G/N mutations in the neuraminidase gene of influenza A (H3N2) viruses by real‐time RT‐PCR allelic discrimination assay
Authors: Zadeh Vahid Rajabali , Jagadesh Anitha , Krishnan Anjana , Arunkumar Govindakarnavar
Published: December 2016

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at D151 position of neuraminidase (NA) gene of influenza A (H3N2) virus has been associated with drug resistance and increased binding affinity. NA‐D151G/N‐substitutions of influenza A (H3N2) viruses are frequently induced and selected by culturing in Madin‐Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell lines. It is important to consider and exclude D151G/N mutants after isolation of influenza virus in MDCK cell line; since, the substitutions can highly influence the results of experimental research. The study aims to develop an allelic discrimination real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for the screening of D151G/N mutants. Thirty‐six influenza A (H3N2) virus isolates were included and screened for D151G/N mutants using allelic discrimination assay. Out of the 36 isolates, 11 isolates (30.5%) were detected as heterozygous for D and G/N substitutions. Twenty‐one (58.3%) isolates were identified as homozygous wild type and four isolates (11.1%) were undetermined. Isolates with substitutions at D151 position were sequenced by Sanger sequencing method. The present study demonstrates a rapid and convenient method for primary screening of the mutation after culturing of the influenza virus in MDCK cell lines in order to avoid potential misinterpretations of results and improve the quality of experimental research.
Impact of influenza in the post‐pandemic phase: Clinical features in hospitalized patients with influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 and H3N2 viruses, during 2013 in Santa Fe, Argentina
Authors: Kusznierz Gabriela , Carolina Cudós , Manuel Rudi Juan , Sergio Lejona , Lucila Ortellao , Julio Befani , Mirta Villani , Pedro Morana , Graciana Morera , Andrea Uboldi , Elsa Zerbini
Published: December 2016

It is important to characterize the clinical and epidemiological pattern of the influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus and compare it with influenza A (H3N2) virus, as surveyed in just a few studies, in order to contribute to the implementation and strengthening of influenza control and prevention strategies. The aims in this study were to describe influenza clinical and epidemiological characteristics in hospitalized patients, caused by influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and influenza A (H3N2) viruses during 2013, in Santa Fe, Argentina. A retrospective study was conducted over 2013 among hospitalized patients with laboratory‐confirmed influenza diagnosis. In contrast to patients with influenza A (H3N2) (20.5%), a higher proportion of hospitalizations associated with influenza H1N1pdm were reported among adults aged 35–65 years (42.8%). Of all patients, 73.6% had an underlying medical condition. Hospitalized patients with H1N1pdm were subject to 2.6 (95%CI, 1.0–6.8) times higher risk of severity, than those hospitalized with influenza A (H3N2). This results demonstrate the impact in the post‐pandemic era of H1N1pdm virus, with increased risk of severe disease, in relation to H3N2 virus, both viruses co‐circulating during 2013.
Photochemically Induced ATRP of (Meth)Acrylates in the Presence of Air: The Effect of Light Intensity, Ligand, and Oxygen Concentration
Authors: Borská Katarína , Moravčíková Daniela , Mosnáček Jaroslav
Published: December 2016

Well‐defined poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) are prepared via photochemically induced atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) using ppm amounts of CuBr2/tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine and CuBr2/tris[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine catalyst complexes, respectively, without degassing of polymerization mixture and with no need to introduce an external reducing agent to the system. The effect of ligand to CuBr2 ratio on kinetic and induction period during the polymerization of MMA and MA is investigated. The induction period is influenced also by the amount of oxygen in the polymerization system. Both the kinetics of MA polymerization and the induction period are affected by light intensity. Finally, the high livingness and initiation efficiency of the photoATRP system in the presence of air are proved by chain extension polymerizations. The presented system is valuable from an industrial point of view, since after optimization, well‐defined and high‐molar‐mass poly(meth)acrylates can be prepared without the necessity of degassing the system, while the polymerization can be proceeded quickly and without an induction period.

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Meteorological and hydrological drought analysis of the Seyhan−Ceyhan River Basins, Turkey
Authors: Gumus Veysel , Algin Halil Murat
Published: December 2016

The increase in concern about drought in the Seyhan−Ceyhan River Basins in Turkey has brought about the need to define temporal and spatial drought variations. Unlike previous studies that cover this region in the current literature, sufficient amounts of data from 14 meteorological and 12 streamflow stations are used in the form of 3, 6 and 12 month timescales allowing both meteorological and hydrological drought analyses to be conducted in detail. The standardized precipitation index and streamflow drought index methods are employed for the drought analyses presented. The location, period and occurrence level of drought events for this region are specified and presented graphically. The correlation between hydrological and meteorological droughts suggests that there is a specific lag time for the droughts such that a meteorological drought emerges in the following year as a hydrological drought. Accordingly, the predicted hydrological drought period may allow for better planning of the efficient use of water resources and hydroelectric and agricultural production in this region.
Interaction Mechanism and Clustering among RGD Peptides and Integrins
Authors: Dong Xiuli , Yu Yuping , Wang Qi , Xi Ying , Liu Yingchun
Published: December 2016

Peptides with an exposed arginine–glycine–aspartate (Arg–Gly–Asp, RGD) sequence targeting the integrin αVβ3 play an important role in targeted anticancer drug delivery. The interaction of multiple RGD‐containing peptides and two αVβ3 molecules was studied via MD simulation. Results revealed that not all six RGD‐containing peptides interact with αVβ3 and interaction strengths differed among the peptides. The specific identification sites included the guanidine group of the ARG residue in the RGD peptide and the carboxyl group of the ASP residue in integrin αVβ3. Therefore, formation of a salt bridge between ARGRGD and the ASP residue was the main mechanism of interaction. H‐bonds also played an important role in the observed interaction. The interaction between RGD‐containing peptides and αVβ3 was influenced by two factors: the relative orientation and distance between these groups. The RGD cluster, which could markedly increase the number of absorbed RGD monomers and enhance the cellular uptake of nano‐medicines, was observed in this system.
Inhibitory mechanism of l‐glutamic acid on spawning of the starfish Patiria (Asterina) pectinifera
Authors: Mita Masatoshi
Published: December 2016

l‐Glutamic acid was previously identified as an inhibitor of spawning in the starfish Patiria (Asterina) pectinifera; this study examined how l‐glutamic acid works. Oocyte release from ovaries of P. pectinifera occurred after germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and follicular envelope breakdown (FEBD) when gonads were incubated ex vivo with either relaxin‐like gonad‐stimulating peptide (RGP) or 1‐methyladenine (1‐MeAde). l‐Glutamic acid blocked this spawning phenotype, causing the mature oocytes to remain within the ovaries. Neither RGP‐induced 1‐MeAde production in ovarian follicle cells nor 1‐MeAde‐induced GVBD and FEBD was affected by l‐glutamic acid. l‐Glutamic acid may act through metabotropic receptors in the ovaries to inhibit spawning, as l‐(+)‐2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyric acid, an agonist for metabotropic glutamate receptors, also inhibited spawning induced by 1‐MeAde. Application of acetylcholine (ACH) to ovaries under inhibitory conditions with l‐glutamic acid, however, brought about spawning, possibly by inducing contraction of the ovarian wall to discharge mature oocytes from the ovaries concurrently with GVBD and FEBD. Thus, l‐glutamic acid may inhibit ACH secretion from gonadal nerve cells in the ovary. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 84: 246–256, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Translating Policies into Informal Settlements' Critical Services: Reframing, Anchoring and Muddling Through
Authors: Kain Jaan‐Henrik , Nyakinya Belinda , Odhiambo Nicholas , Oloko Michael , Omolo John , Otieno Silas , Zapata Patrik , Zapata Campos María José
Published: December 2016

This paper examines how policies and plans are translated into informal settlements' practice. It builds on literature on policy implementation practice and organization studies, and more particularly, it applies the concepts of reframing, anchoring and muddling through. The paper is informed by the case of Kisumu City in Kenya and its Kisumu Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan and its implementation on Kisumu's informal settlements. The plan was funded by the Swedish International Development Agency through the United Nations Human Settlement Programme and implemented from 2007 to 2009. The study is based on action research carried out by a multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary group of researchers, through focus groups, participatory workshops, collaborative action, in‐depth interviews, document analysis and observations. The paper examines what original aspects of Kisumu Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan were translated, that is, which ones faded out and which ones became stabilized into and travel as ‘best practices’ to other locations. The paper shows how the generation of ‘best practices’ can be loosely coupled with the practices that policy seeks to change. It concludes, in line with previous research in the field, how successful policy implementation is based on cultural and political interpretations rather on evidence of improved practices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decentralization as a Post‐Conflict Stabilization Tool: The Case of Sierra Leone
Authors: Edwards Benjamin , Yilmaz Serdar
Published: December 2016

Sierra Leone's experience with decentralization as a post‐conflict stabilization tool highlights both the value of making and keeping a promise to empower citizens through local government and the importance of fully implementing that promise over a longer time horizon. The emergence of the country from civil conflict into peace and stability is one of the greatest success stories of post‐conflict stabilization. Although the nation has enjoyed over a decade of peace (and peaceful transitions from party to party), many of the conditions that laid the groundwork for conflict remain, especially in rural areas, due to the partial implementation of the decentralization framework. Based on a post‐conflict perspective, we review the re‐emergence of local governments in Sierra Leone following the civil war, the institutional and legal framework within which they exist, and some of the remaining challenges the nation faces. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chorionic villus sampling fails to confirm mosaic trisomy 21 fetus after positive cell‐free DNA
Authors: Uquillas Kristen , Chan Yen , King Jennifer R. , Randolph Linda M. , Incerpi Marc
Published: December 2016

What's already known about this topic?

Prenatal screening for certain fetal chromosomal conditions can be performed using cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma.

cfDNA is thought to originate primarily from apoptosis of placental cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells; therefore, a false negative result may not be representative of the fetal karyotype.

A positive cfDNA screen requires confirmation with diagnostic testing, such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis.

What does this study add?

This case illustrates detection of fetal and placental trisomy 21 mosaicism by cfDNA that was not confirmed with CVS.

Patients for whom cfDNA is appropriate should be offered prior genetic counseling. Those who choose diagnostic testing via CVS should be counseled on the possibility of true fetal or confined placental mosaicism. Amniocentesis preferentially should be offered, as CVS represents a similar cell origin as those from which the cfDNA results are derived.
Informed choice and decision making in women offered cell‐free DNA prenatal genetic screening
Authors: Lo Tsz‐Kin , Chan Kelvin Yuen‐Kwong , Kan Anita Sik‐Yau , So Po‐Lam , Kong Choi‐Wah , Mak Shui‐Lam , Lee Chung‐Nin
Published: December 2016

What's already known about this topic?

With rapid introduction of cell‐free DNA (cf‐DNA) as non‐invasive prenatal genetic screening, there is concern around routinization of testing.

Research into informed choice for cf‐DNA is just starting to emerge in Europe.

What does this study add?

With adequate pretest counseling, 80% of women made informed choice for cf‐DNA from this first study in Asia.

Value‐inconsistency is prevalent among cf‐DNA decliners, leading to a much higher rate of uninformed choice than in cf‐DNA acceptors.
Obsessive‐compulsive symptoms: a side‐effect of antipsychotic treatment
Authors: Ukaegbu Obioha , Dunne Francis J , Getachew Henok
Published: December 2016

Obsessive‐compulsive symptoms (OCS) secondary to antiserotonergic antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia appear to have a significant prevalence from previous studies but can be very difficult to detect as they are overshadowed by the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Here, the authors describe three cases where patients have developed OCS after starting risperidone in one case, and clozapine in two other cases and how significant improvements can be achieved with SSRIs and, if necessary, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).
ECT in a patient with a meningioma and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gani Margaret , Parvez Faisal
Published: December 2016

There are few studies that look at the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in elderly patients with a comorbid meningioma or other intracranial tumour, with the dilemma being whether or not to do ECT. This case notes article examines the ECT management of an elderly lady with severe depression, coexisting Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and an incidental finding of a frontal meningioma. The authors detail the multidisciplinary approach necessary for managing a patient with coincident psychiatric, cardiac and neurological diagnoses and the implications for practice.
Treatment for cancer and depression in a female with intellectual disability
Authors: Kaushal Pamela , Naomi Elizabeth , Maddock Sarah
Published: December 2016

Identifying depression in those with an intellectual disability can be difficult as symptoms may differ from those usually observed in the general population. The anti‐oestrogen medication tamoxifen is widely used for the treatment of breast cancer and clinically relevant depression may be a common side‐effect. Here, the authors discuss a case that highlights the importance for mental health professionals managing individuals with an intellectual disability and cancer to consider all possible causes of a change in mood or behaviour, so that the diagnosis and treatment of depression in this vulnerable group is not neglected.
Anorexia nervosa: diagnosis, risk factors and evidence‐based treatments
Authors: Kakhi Sara , McCann Jacinta
Published: December 2016

As part of the series on managing neurological and psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents, Dr Sara Kakhi and Dr Jacinta McCann cover recent updates in epidemiology, risk factors, common comorbidities and treatment options for anorexia nervosa.
Intellectual disabilities: improving access to therapeutic communities
Authors: Shaddel Farshad , Ghazirad Marjan , Banerjee Subimal , Newrith Christopher
Published: December 2016

Access to specialised therapeutic communities (TCs) for people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) such as ‘Camphill communities’ and ‘TCs plus’ is limited and patchy in the UK. Nonetheless, the emphasis for some time now has been to enable people with IDs to access mainstream services, which have a legal duty to make reasonable adjustments to facilitate this. Here, the authors propose a set of recommendations in order to improve the access of people with ID to mainstream therapeutic communities and enhance the services they receive.
An Expectation Maximization algorithm for fitting the generalized odds‐rate model to interval censored data
Authors: Zhou Jie , Zhang Jiajia , Lu Wenbin
Published: December 2016

The generalized odds‐rate model is a class of semiparametric regression models, which includes the proportional hazards and proportional odds models as special cases. There are few works on estimation of the generalized odds‐rate model with interval censored data because of the challenges in maximizing the complex likelihood function. In this paper, we propose a gamma‐Poisson data augmentation approach to develop an Expectation Maximization algorithm, which can be used to fit the generalized odds‐rate model to interval censored data. The proposed Expectation Maximization algorithm is easy to implement and is computationally efficient. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by comprehensive simulation studies and illustrated through applications to datasets from breast cancer and hemophilia studies. In order to make the proposed method easy to use in practice, an R package ‘ICGOR’ was developed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Firm heterogeneity in complex problem solving: A knowledge‐based look at invention
Authors: Caner Turanay , Cohen Susan K. , Pil Frits
Published: December 2016

Research summary:The knowledge‐based view suggests that complex problems are best solved under hierarchical (within‐firm) governance. We examined why firms assumed to be in general alignment with this theory might nonetheless produce solutions of varying usefulness. We theorize that a firm's internal knowledge variety (IKV) is associated with its capacity to support cross‐domain knowledge flows during search, and its ability to identify and explore promising areas on the solution landscape. We further theorize that partner knowledge in familiar (unfamiliar) domains can offset specific weaknesses in searching rugged landscapes, inherent with low or high (moderate) IKV. We find support for these ideas in the context of drug discovery, extending KBV's focus on governance alignment to explain variation in problem‐solving effectiveness within hierarchy.

Managerial summary:Firms that concentrate their inventive efforts in a few technological domains, but also dabble in several others, have problem‐solving advantages: they can better support knowledge transfer and recombination across domains. Firms that focus too narrowly or spread their inventive efforts thinly across many domains lose these advantages, but might compensate through alliance partnerships. Our study of drug discovery shows that while firms with very low or high knowledge variety tend to produce weaker solutions than firms in the moderate range, their inventive performance improves when alliance partners afford them access to additional knowledge in familiar domains. We explain how the combination of firm and partner knowledge enables firms to better identify, evaluate, and implement alternative solutions to complex problems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of fetal growth restriction using estimated fetal weight vs a combined screening model in the third trimester
Authors: Miranda J. , Rodriguez‐Lopez M. , Triunfo S. , Sairanen M. , Kouru H. , Parra‐Saavedra M. , Crovetto F. , Figueras F. , Crispi F. , Gratacós E.
Published: December 2016

Objectives

To compare the performance of third‐trimester screening, based on estimated fetal weight centile (EFWc) vs a combined model including maternal baseline characteristics, fetoplacental ultrasound and maternal biochemical markers, for the prediction of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonates and late‐onset fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Methods

This was a nested case–control study within a prospective cohort of 1590 singleton gestations undergoing third‐trimester (32 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation) evaluation. Maternal baseline characteristics, mean arterial pressure, fetoplacental ultrasound and circulating biochemical markers (placental growth factor (PlGF), lipocalin‐2, unconjugated estriol and inhibin A) were assessed in all women who subsequently delivered a SGA neonate (n = 175), defined as birth weight < 10th centile according to customized standards, and in a control group (n = 875). Among SGA cases, those with birth weight < 3rd centile and/or abnormal uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) and/or abnormal cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) were classified as FGR. Logistic regression predictive models were developed for SGA and FGR, and their performance was compared with that obtained using EFWc alone.

Results

In SGA cases, EFWc, CPR Z‐score and maternal serum concentrations of unconjugated estriol and PlGF were significantly lower, while mean UtA‐PI Z‐score and lipocalin‐2 and inhibin A concentrations were significantly higher, compared with controls. Using EFWc alone, 52% (area under receiver–operating characteristics curve (AUC), 0.82 (95% CI, 0.77–0.85)) of SGA and 64% (AUC, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.81–0.91)) of FGR cases were predicted at a 10% false‐positive rate. A combined screening model including a‐priori risk (maternal characteristics), EFWc, UtA‐PI, PlGF and estriol (with lipocalin‐2 for SGA) achieved a detection rate of 61% (AUC, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83–0.89)) for SGA cases and 77% (AUC, 0.92 (95% CI, 0.88–0.95)) for FGR. The combined model for the prediction of SGA and FGR performed significantly better than did using EFWc alone (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively).

Conclusions

A multivariable integrative model of maternal characteristics, fetoplacental ultrasound and maternal biochemical markers modestly improved the detection of SGA and FGR cases at 32–36 weeks' gestation when compared with screening based on EFWc alone. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Improved pestalotiollide B production by deleting competing polyketide synthase genes in Pestalotiopsis microspora
Authors: Chen Longfei , Li Yingying , Zhang Qian , Wang Dan , Akhberdi Oren , Wei Dongsheng , Pan Jiao , Zhu Xudong
Published: December 2016

Pestalotiollide B, an analog of dibenzodioxocinones which are inhibitors of cholesterol ester transfer proteins, is produced by Pestalotiopsis microspora NK17. To increase the production of pestalotiollide B, we attempted to eliminate competing polyketide products by deleting the genes responsible for their biosynthesis. We successfully deleted 41 out of 48 putative polyketide synthases (PKSs) in the genome of NK17. Nine of the 41 PKS deleted strains had significant increased production of pestalotiollide B (P < 0.05). For instance, deletion of pks35, led to an increase of pestalotiollide B by 887%. We inferred that these nine PKSs possibly lead to branch pathways that compete for precursors with pestalotiollide B, or that convert the product. Deletion of some other PKS genes such as pks8 led to a significant decrease of pestalotiollide B, suggesting they are responsible for its biosynthesis. Our data demonstrated that improvement of pestalotiollide B production can be achieved by eliminating competing polyketides.
Pausing to reflect in a high-volume clinical milieu
Authors: Lukas Rimas V. , Albert Dara V. F.
Published: December 2016

None
Association between Aβ and tau accumulations and their influence on clinical features in aging and Alzheimer's disease spectrum brains: A [11C]PBB3‐PET study
Authors: Shimada Hitoshi , Kitamura Soichiro , Shinotoh Hitoshi , Endo Hironobu , Niwa Fumitoshi , Hirano Shigeki , Kimura Yasuyuki , Zhang Ming‐Rong , Kuwabara Satoshi , Suhara Tetsuya , Higuchi Makoto
Published: December 2016

Introduction

Amyloid‐β (Aβ) and tau accumulations may occur independently and concurrently as exemplified by primary age‐related tauopathy and Alzheimer's disease (AD), respectively. Interactions between Aβ and tau accumulations and their influence on clinical features, however, are still unclear.

Methods

Associations among clinical symptoms, gray‐matter volume, regional tau, and Aβ deposition assessed by positron emission tomography with [11C]pyridinyl‐butadienyl‐benzothiazole 3 (PBB3) and [11C]Pittsburgh compound‐B (PiB), were evaluated in 17 AD, 9 mild cognitive impairment due to AD, and 28 PiB(−)‐cognitive healthy controls (HCs).

Results

High tau burden was associated with aging and low‐level education in PiB(−)‐HC and AD‐spectrum groups, and with high Aβ burden and low‐level education in all subjects. It was not Aβ but tau accumulation that showed significant associations with cognitive performance even in PiB(−)‐HC.

Discussion

The present study indicated aging and low‐level education after Aβ would be enhancers for tau pathology, associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in healthy and diseased elderly individuals.
Tau‐PET uptake: Regional variation in average SUVR and impact of amyloid deposition
Authors: Vemuri Prashanthi , Lowe Val J. , Knopman David S. , Senjem Matthew L. , Kemp Bradley J. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Przybelski Scott A. , Machulda Mary M. , Petersen Ronald C. , Jack Clifford R.
Published: December 2016

Introduction

Tau‐positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with AV1451 is sensitive to Alzheimer disease (AD)–related tau deposition in the brain. We (1) examined regional variation of average tau‐PET standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) in a young normal population (30–49 years) and corrected for the regional variability and (2) tested if the standardized values (z‐scores) scaled appropriately to capture regional Alzheimer‐specific (i.e., amyloid sensitive) tau‐PET changes in individuals aged 50+ years.

Methods

We identified 490 individuals (70 between 30–49 years as a reference group and 420 cognitively normal between 50–95 years of age) with tau‐PET and amyloid PET scans from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.

Results

There was intrinsic regional variability in average tau‐PET SUVR with uptakes higher in some regions than others, even in the younger individuals who would have minimal or no neurofibrillary tangles. We corrected for this using region of interest–specific z‐scores based on the reference group. Amyloid and tau‐PET uptake were associated throughout the brain after adjusting for age, with the highest correlations in the medial temporal regions.

Discussion

Regions with high‐average SUVR are not necessarily those with the greatest tau pathology. Standardization is therefore recommended. Standardization of the data “realigns” the data such that the regional tau z‐scores are informative of the disease process, that is, regions with high z‐scores now coincide with regions correlated with amyloid deposition. Medial temporal structures, specifically entorhinal cortex–tau, may be useful as an AD‐specific tau‐PET signature due to its sensitivity to amyloid.
Adjacent Segment Pathology: Progressive Disease Course or a Product of Iatrogenic Fusion?
Authors: Jack Andrew , Hardy St-Pierre Godefroy , Nataraj Andrew
Published: December 2016

Objective: Cervical spine clinical adjacent segment pathology (CASP) has a reported 3% annual incidence and 26% ten-year prevalence. Its pathophysiology remains controversial, whether due to mechanical stress of a fusion segment on adjacent levels or due to patient propensity to develop progressive degenerative change. We investigate this relationship by comparing prevalence of CASP in traumatic and spondylotic patient cohorts. Method: A retrospective review of traumatic cervical spine fusion cases performed by the local group of neurosurgeons from 2004-2008 was completed. Surgery for CASP and presence of radiological adjacent segment pathology (RASP) were identified by telephone and electronic medical record (EMR) review, and compared to those in patients having elective cervical fusion for degenerative disease. Results: There was a higher proportion of males (50/100 vs. 37/46, p<0.001) in the traumatic group. Median age between groups was not significantly different (47 years in the trauma cohort, 50 years in the degenerative cohort; p>0.05). Mean follow-up times were different (6.4 years in the trauma group, 7.1 years in the degenerative group; p<0.01), although this was not thought to be clinically significant. The degenerative group was found to have a significantly higher reoperation rate for CASP (10/100 vs. 0/46, p=0.031, Fisher’s Exact Test), and rate of RASP (20/100 vs. 1/32, p=0.025) Conclusion: This is the only cohort study to our knowledge comparing surgery for CASP in trauma patients to those with degenerative disease. A higher rate of repeat surgery in degenerative disease patients was found. This suggests that CASP is more related to patient factors predisposing to progressive degenerative disease and not increased mechanical stress.
Trapped-wave modes of bodies in channels
Authors: Newman J. N.
Published: December 2016

Trapped waves can exist in the presence of bodies in open water, and also in channels of finite width. Various examples are found for bodies that support trapped waves in channels, including floating and submerged bodies and bottom-mounted cylinders. Different types of trapping are considered where the body is fixed or free to move in response to the oscillatory pressure. In some cases both types are supported by the same body. In most cases for fixed bodies the fluid motion is antisymmetric about the centreline of the channel, but special body shapes exist where the trapped mode is asymmetric. For free bodies the trapping modes and body motions are symmetric about the centreline if the body is floating or antisymmetric if it is submerged.
An analytical theory for the capillary bridge force between spheres
Authors: Kruyt N. P. , Millet O.
Published: December 2016

An analytical theory has been developed for properties of a steady, axisymmetric liquid–gas capillary bridge that is present between two identical, perfectly wettable, rigid spheres. In this theory the meridional profile of the capillary bridge surface is represented by a part of an ellipse. Parameters in this geometrical description are determined from the boundary conditions at the three-phase contact circle at the sphere and at the neck (i.e. in the middle between the two spheres) and by the condition that the mean curvature be equal at the three-phase contact circle and at the neck. Thus, the current theory takes into account properties of the governing Young–Laplace equation, contrary to the often-used toroidal approximation. Expressions have been developed analytically that give the geometrical parameters of the elliptical meridional profile as a function of the capillary bridge volume and the separation between the spheres. A rupture criterion has been obtained analytically that provides the maximum separation between the spheres as a function of the capillary bridge volume. This rupture criterion agrees well with a rupture criterion from the literature that is based on many numerical solutions of the Young–Laplace equation. An expression has been formulated analytically for the capillary force as a function of the capillary bridge volume and the separation between the spheres. The theoretical predictions for the capillary force agree well with the capillary forces obtained from the numerical solutions of the Young–Laplace equation and with those according to a comprehensive fit from the literature (that is based on many numerical solutions of the Young–Laplace equation), especially for smaller capillary bridge volumes.
Boundary-induced autophoresis of isotropic colloids: anomalous repulsion in the lubrication limit
Authors: Yariv Ehud
Published: December 2016

When suspended in a liquid solution, chemically active colloids may self-propel due to an asymmetry in either particle shape or the interfacial distribution of solute absorption. We here consider a chemically homogeneous spherical particle which undergoes self-diffusiophoresis due to the presence of nearby inert wall. In particular, we focus upon the near-contact limit where it was recently observed (Yariv,Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 1 (3), 2016, 032101) that the solute-concentration profile within the narrow gap separating the particle and the wall cannot be uniquely determined by a gap-scale analysis. We here revisit this near-contact limit using matched asymptotic expansions, the inner region being the gap domain and the outer region being on the particle scale. Asymptotic matching with the Hankel-transform representation of the outer distribution of solute concentration serves to determine both the scaling and magnitude of the corresponding inner profile. The ensuing gap-scale pressure field, set by a lubrication mechanism, gives rise to an anomalous particle–wall interaction, scaling as an irrational power of the gap clearance.
Micropaleontology of the lower Mesoproterozoic Roper Group, Australia, and implications for early eukaryotic evolution
Authors: Javaux Emmanuelle J. , Knoll Andrew H.
Published: December 2016

Well-preserved microfossils occur in abundance through more than 1000 m of lower Mesoproterozoic siliciclastic rocks composing the Roper Group, Northern Territory, Australia. The Roper assemblage includes 34 taxa, five interpreted unambiguously as eukaryotes, nine as possible eukaryotes (includingBlastanosphaira kokkodanew genus and new species, a budding spheromorph with thin chagrinate walls), eight as possible or probable cyanobacteria, and 12 incertae sedis. Taxonomic richness is highest in inshore facies, and populations interpreted as unambiguous or probable eukaryotes occur most abundantly in coastal and proximal shelf shales. Phylogenetic placement within the Eukarya is difficult, and molecular clock estimates suggest that preserved microfossils may belong, in part orin toto, to stem group eukaryotes (forms that diverged before the last common ancestor of extant eukaryotes, or LECA) or stem lineages within major clades of the eukaryotic crown group (after LECA). Despite this, Roper fossils provide direct or inferential evidence for many basic features of eukaryotic biology, including a dynamic cytoskeleton and membrane system that enabled cells to change shape, life cycles that include resting cysts coated by decay-resistant biopolymers, reproduction by budding and binary division, osmotrophy, and simple multicellularity. The diversity, environmental range, and ecological importance of eukaryotes, however, were lower than in later Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic ecosystems.
Polluted Air Increases Perceived Corruption
Authors: Huang Zhenwei , Zheng Wenwen , Tan Xuyun , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Liu Li
Published: December 2016

Drawing upon the moral cleanness metaphor and the power height metaphor, we proposed the clear sky effect: polluted air increases perceived corruption. To test the effect, we established a correlation (Studies 1 and 2) and causal link (Studies 3, 4, and 5) between haze pollution and corruption perception. This correlation is unique, in that, of various air pollutants, only the major haze indicator was positively correlated with corruption perception at city (Study 1) and country (Study 2) levels. In addition, recalling feelings concerning haze (Studies 3 and 5) or experiencing hazy days (Study 4) increased corruption perception. Furthermore, in support of embodiment, this effect was moderated by body awareness (Study 4) and mediated by bodily stress responses (Study 5). Taken together, these findings suggest that environmental pollution could be one of the factors that influence our trust in government.
What Should a Social Psychology for Social Change Look Like in Asia? Reflections on Scientific Research, Aimed at Solving Social Problems and Generating New Knowledge With ‘a Theory of Culture Change at Its Centre’
Authors: Liu James H. , Bernardo Allan B.I.
Published: December 2016

In late 2013, the Asian Association of Social Psychology (AASP) signed an agreement with the Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology (JPRP) to annually produce one themed issue in accordance with both organisations’ missions, for a period of 5 years. For AASP, the annual publication of a themed issue on ‘The Social Psychology of Social Change: Science and Practice in Asia’ was the end result of 2 years of member consultation, undertaken by President-Elect James Liu from 2012 to 2013. This resulted in a Mission Statement, and a directive from members to develop a second publications outlet with an SSCI impact factor, but more focused on applied research, to complement AASP's eponymous flagship journal the Asian Journal of Social Psychology (which is more basic in its research orientation).
Proleptic modernism?
Authors: McKay Belinda
Published: December 2016

Susan Stanford Friedman argues that modernisms are multiple, polycentric and recurrent. This article takes up her invitation to focus on the circulation of people and ideas that connected modernisms from different parts of the planet by reconsidering two moments in the literature of colonial Queensland as instances of proleptic modernism. The publications of Policy and Passion by Rosa Praed in 1881 in London, and of the ‘The Red Snake’ by Francis Adams in 1888 in Brisbane encapsulate early manifestations of the cultural unease and destabilisation that drove the development of modernism/s as the expressive domain of modernity/ies. Striking thematic and stylistic parallels with the work of canonical modernists — HD in the case of Praed, and Conrad in the case of Adams — suggest not only that modernism began to manifest itself in Anglophone culture much earlier than is generally conceded, but also that the cognitive dissonance generated by the colonial experience was centrally implicated in its development.
Colin Bingham, the 'Telegraph' and poetic modernism in Brisbane between the wars
Authors: Buckridge Patrick
Published: December 2016

Brisbane has sometimes been represented as a bulwark of literary traditionalism against the advances of poetic modernism in the southern capitals during the first half of the twentieth century. But as William Hatherell showed in The Third Metropolis, modernism had a brief but intense flourishing in the northern city during and immediately after World War II. This article traces the reception and practice of poetic modernism in Brisbane even earlier than that, in the period between the wars, both in the form of a vigorous critical debate over ‘modernistic poetry’ in the Courier-Mail and elsewhere, and also in the composition and publication of a significant quantity of self-consciously modernist poetry in Brisbane’s evening daily, the Telegraph, with the active encouragement of the paper’s literary editor, Colin Bingham, from 1930 to 1939.
Queensland making a splash
Authors: Gosseye Janina , Hampson Alice
Published: December 2016

In April 2015, The Pool emerged as the winning proposal for Australia’s exhibition at the 2016 Venice Architecture Biennale. Creative directors Aileen Sage and Michelle Tabet explained that the pool was ‘a lens through which to explore Australian cultural identity’ and ‘aptly represents a distinctively Australian democratic and social space’. In Australia, the public pool was popularised in the post-war period, particularly in Queensland where it offered relief from the long, hot and humid summers. Although Brisbane already had several floating baths along the Brisbane River from the mid-nineteenth century, large-scale, in-ground pool construction in the state did not start in earnest until the mid-1950s, when the personal and social benefits of recreational time with family and friends became well established. In Queensland, as elsewhere in the country, the government encouraged the construction of swimming pools, and many became memorial pools, dedicated to those who had fought to defend an Australian ‘way of life’. Their design was to reflect the civic and social foundations of the initiative, and in Queensland architects took delight in all the opportunities it afforded. The result was a widely diverging collection of predominantly humble and economical structures that were rarely ordinary or dull. Analysing three key pools that were constructed in regional Queensland between 1955 and 1965 — in Rockhampton, Mackay and Miles — this article draws out some of the defining features of Queensland’s modern memorial pools, and highlightshow this typology became the quintessential ‘Australian democratic and social space’.