bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histopathological features of sinonasal inverted papillomas in chinese patients
Authors: Zhao Li , Li Chun Wei , Jin Peng , Ng Chew Lip , Lin Zhi Bin , Li Ying Ying , Li Tian Ying , Petersson Bengt Fredrik , Shi Li , Wang De Yun
Published: October 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

Nasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign tumor with high recurrence rates. Evidence of inflammation has been reported in IP in Caucasian studies. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological patterns and their associations with clinical characteristics in Chinese patients with IP.

Study Design

Basic science study.

Methods

IP tissues were obtained from 50 Chinese patients with unilateral IPs. Biopsies of inferior turbinate mucosa from 17 healthy subjects were used as controls. The histological patterns and severity of epithelial remodeling and inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated and analyzed for associations with clinical characteristics.

Results

Thirty‐one percent of IP specimens were classified as grade I (mild remodeling) and 49% as grade II (moderate and severe remodeling). Concomitant inflammatory nasal polyps were found in 14 patients (28%). Recurrent IP was strongly associated with grade II (odds ratio: 5.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.34‐25.18). Except CD4+ T cells, quantities of neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, CD8+ T cells, and FoxP3+ T‐reg cells were significantly elevated in IP. Of these, neutrophils were the predominant cell type in IP.

Conclusions

Inflammation may have potential roles in IPs and the higher grade of epithelial remodeling was associated with the recurrence of IPs.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 126:E141–E147, 2016
Abundance and dispersal trajectories of floating Fucus vesiculosus in the Northern Baltic Sea
Authors: Rothäusler Eva , Corell Hanna , Jormalainen Veijo
Published: October 2015

Floating macroalgae play a fundamental role for the connectivity of littoral marine habitats. They can be found throughout the world's oceans but information on their abundance and dispersal abilities is scarce. This information, however, is essential to evaluate their ecological role and the potential connectivity between populations of both the algae and associated biota. Here, we survey the abundance and spatiotemporal dispersal patterns of the floating brown alga Fucus vesiculosus in the Northern Baltic Sea. By incorporating a biophysical modeling approach, based on ocean circulation and surface winds, we demonstrate potential dispersal ranges, such as floating distances and directional trajectories of F. vesiculosus at different times of their reproductive season. Abundance of floating algae varied both spatially and temporally, with the highest densities being found during reproductive seasons. Evidenced by the fact that many algae were held back and accumulated in archipelagoes, the model suggests that a combination of local oceanographic features and seascapes strongly influences the dispersal of floating algae. However, a relatively high fraction of rafts spilled to more open sea areas, causing them to travel in multiple directions (e.g., Baltic Proper, Bothnian Bay, and Gulf of Finland) that are hundreds of kilometers away from their original sources, implying long‐distance dispersal. We propose that the Northern Baltic Sea rocky littoral habitats are potentially well connected through abundant and long‐reaching floating algae, with a chance to contribute to gene flow among F. vesiculosus populations.
Effect of scavenger receptor class B type I antagonist ITX5061 in patients with hepatitis C virus infection undergoing liver transplantation
Authors: Rowe Ian A. , Tully Damien C. , Armstrong Matthew J. , Parker Richard , Guo Kathy , Barton Darren , Morse Gene D. , Venuto Charles S. , Ogilvie Colin B. , Hedegaard Ditte L. , McKelvy Jeffrey F. , Wong‐Staal Flossie , Allen Todd M. , Balfe Peter , McKeating Jane A. , Mutimer David J.
Published: October 2015

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry inhibitors have been hypothesized to prevent infection of the liver after transplantation. ITX5061 is a scavenger receptor class B type I antagonist that blocks HCV entry and infection in vitro. We assessed the safety and efficacy of ITX5061 to limit HCV infection of the graft. The study included 23 HCV‐infected patients undergoing liver transplantation. The first 13 “control” patients did not receive drug. The subsequent 10 patients received 150 mg of ITX5061 immediately before and after transplant and daily for 1 week thereafter. ITX5061 pharmacokinetics and plasma HCV RNA were quantified. Viral genetic diversity was measured by ultradeep pyrosequencing (UDPS). ITX5061 was well tolerated with measurable plasma concentrations during therapy. Although the median HCV RNA reduction was greater in ITX‐treated patients at all time points in the first week after transplantation, there was no difference in the overall change in the area over the HCV RNA curve in the 7‐day treatment period. However, in genotype (GT) 1–infected patients, treatment was associated with a sustained reduction in HCV RNA levels compared to the control group (area over the HCV RNA curve analysis, P = 0.004). UDPS revealed a complex and evolving pattern of HCV variants infecting the graft during the first week. ITX5061 significantly limited viral evolution where the median divergence between day 0 and day 7 was 3.5% in the control group compared to 0.1% in the treated group. In conclusion, ITX5061 reduces plasma HCV RNA after transplant notably in GT 1–infected patients and slows viral evolution. Following liver transplantation, the likely contribution of extrahepatic reservoirs of HCV necessitates combining entry inhibitors such as ITX5061 with inhibitors of replication in future studies. Liver Transpl 22:287‐297, 2016. © 2015 AASLD.
Synthesis of Amylose‐b‐P2VP Block Copolymers
Authors: Kumar Kamlesh , Woortman Albert J. J. , Loos Katja
Published: October 2015

A new class of rod–coil block copolymers is synthesized by chemoenzymatic polymerization. In the first step, maltoheptaose, which acts as a primer for the synthesis of amylose, is attached to poly(2‐vinyl pyridine) (P2VP). The enzymatic polymerization of maltoheptaose is carried out by phosphorylase to obtain amylose‐b‐P2VP block copolymers. The block copolymer is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering techniques. The designed molecules combine the inclusion complexation ability of amylose with the supramolecular complexation ability of P2VP and therefore this kind of rod–coil block copolymers can be used to generate well‐organized novel self‐assembled structures.

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Photoactive Self‐Shaping Hydrogels as Noncontact 3D Macro/Microscopic Photoprinting Platforms
Authors: Liao Yue , An Ning , Wang Ning , Zhang Yinyu , Song Junfei , Zhou Jinxiong , Liu Wenguang
Published: October 2015

A photocleavable terpolymer hydrogel cross‐linked with o‐nitrobenzyl derivative cross‐linker is shown to be capable of self‐shaping without losing its physical integrity and robustness due to spontaneous asymmetric swelling of network caused by UV‐light‐induced gradient cleavage of chemical cross‐linkages. The continuum model and finite element method are used to elucidate the curling mechanism underlying. Remarkably, based on the self‐changing principle, the photosensitive hydrogels can be developed as photoprinting soft and wet platforms onto which specific 3D characters and images are faithfully duplicated in macro/microscale without contact by UV light irradiation under the cover of customized photomasks. Importantly, a quick response (QR) code is accurately printed on the photoactive hydrogel for the first time. Scanning QR code with a smartphone can quickly connect to a web page. This photoactive hydrogel is promising to be a new printing or recording material.

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Banisteriopsis caapi, a Forgotten Potential Therapy for Parkinson's Disease?
Authors: Djamshidian Atbin , Bernschneider‐Reif Sabine , Poewe Werner , Lees Andrew J.
Published: October 2015

Banisteriopsis caapi, a liana indigenous to the Amazon basin with metagnomigenic properties and possible anti‐depressant effects is one of the natural sources of harmala alkaloids. A summary of early trials with extracts of Banisteriopsis caapi and Peganum harmala (from which harmine was first isolated) in the 1920s and 1930s on various forms of parkinsonism is given as well as a brief overview of the known pharmacological properties of harmine. Despite its earlier abandonment because of perceived weaker efficacy than solanaceous alkaloids like scopolamine and hyoscine we propose that harmine should be reconsidered as a potential rapidly acting anti‐Parkinsonian agent.
Correlation between electromyography and quantitative ultrasonography of facial muscles in patients with facial palsy
Authors: Volk Gerd Fabian , Leier Christian , Guntinas‐lichius Orlando
Published: October 2015

Introduction

In this study we correlated results of ultrasonographic muscle thickness and contractility with facial electromyography (EMG) in patients with unilateral peripheral acute or chronic facial palsy.

Methods

Two hundred twenty measurements of 4 facial muscles (frontalis, orbicularis oculi, zygomaticus, and orbicularis oris) were performed in 44 patients.

Results

Facial muscle thickness at rest and during muscle contraction correlated best with EMG insertional activity, and facial muscle contractility correlated with EMG voluntary activity. The correlation was much higher at >14 days after onset of facial palsy. The orbicularis oris, followed by the frontalis muscle, showed the best correlation between ultrasound and EMG.

Conclusions

Quantitative ultrasound of facial muscles helps confirm the results of facial EMG and is of particular additional value in the first 14 days after onset when the reliability of EMG is low. Muscle Nerve 53: 755–761, 2016
VBN‐based nomograms provide critical voiding parameters which can be used for invasive or non‐invasive flow interpretation of women at risk of obstruction over time
Authors: Valentini Françoise A. , Nelson Pierre P. , Zimmern Philippe E.
Published: October 2015

Aims

To design a simple office‐based method to evaluate characteristic parameters from free uroflowmetries (FF) or pressure flow studies (PFs). This method can be applied by any physician to any recording, for instance in the follow‐up of women at risk of developing outflow obstruction over time after surgical interventions.

Method

Using pressure‐flow studies (PFs), a reliable evaluation of urethral obstruction (U) and detrusor contractility (k) parameters could be obtained from the maximum flow rate and detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate. Nomograms for these parameters were derived from theoretical computations using the VBN model. Then, to allow an evaluation of the real urethral obstruction, a protocol was designed incorporating FF data in the follow‐up of women suspected of urethral obstruction.

Results

Two nomograms were obtained: (1) A urethral obstruction nomogram allowing to define a Woman Obstruction Index (WOI = pdet.Qmax – 0.5*Qmax) which has the same structure than the A‐G number in men. (2) A detrusor contractility nomogram which was generalized to all initial bladder volumes. The curves were fitted by algebraic equations easily programmable on any handheld device.

Conclusion

Using a mathematical model of micturition and data extracted from PFs, two nomograms on urethral obstruction and detrusor contractility were designed. This tool offers a rapid and practical method for the clinician to follow women at risk of obstruction over time. Its applications will be the purpose of further studies. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:37–42, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detecting compartmental non‐Gaussian diffusion with symmetrized double‐PFG MRI
Authors: Paulsen Jeffrey L. , Özarslan Evren , Komlosh Michal E. , Basser Peter J. , Song Yi‐Qiao
Published: October 2015

Diffusion in tissue and porous media is known to be non‐Gaussian and has been used for clinical indications of stroke and other tissue pathologies. However, when conventional NMR techniques are applied to biological tissues and other heterogeneous materials, the presence of multiple compartments (pores) with different Gaussian diffusivities will also contribute to the measurement of non‐Gaussian behavior. Here we present symmetrized double PFG (sd‐PFG), which can separate these two contributions to non‐Gaussian signal decay as having distinct angular modulation frequencies. In contrast to prior angular d‐PFG methods, sd‐PFG can unambiguously extract kurtosis as an oscillation from samples with isotropic or uniformly oriented anisotropic pores, and can generally extract a combination of compartmental anisotropy and kurtosis. The method further fixes its sensitivity with respect to the time dependence of the apparent diffusion coefficient. We experimentally demonstrate the measurement of the fourth cumulant (kurtosis) of diffusion and find it consistent with theoretical predictions. By enabling the unambiguous identification of contributions of compartmental kurtosis to the signal, sd‐PFG has the potential to help identify the underlying micro‐structural changes corresponding to current kurtosis based diagnostics, and act as a novel source of contrast to better resolve tissue micro‐structure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tribological properties of polyimide fabric‐epoxy composites modified by hollow silica microspheres
Authors: Wang Huaiyuan , Sun Liyuan , Zhu Yanji , Li Meiling , Chen Jing
Published: October 2015

The polyimide (PI) fabric/epoxy (EP) composites modified with different content of micro‐SiO2 hollow spheres were prepared by dip‐coating and subsequently hot‐press process. For comparison, the pure EP and the unmodified PI fabric/EP composite were also fabricated. The differential scanning calorimetry was conducted to investigate the crosslinking reaction of composites. The results indicated that there exhibited a remarkable improvement in the mechanical and tribological properties of PI fabric/EP composites after incorporating the micro‐SiO2. The best tribological properties were obtained when the content of micro‐SiO2 was 2 wt%, whose wear rate was 71.9% lower than that of unmodified PI fabric/EP composite. The worn surfaces were observed by a scanning electron microscope to illustrate the friction mechanisms. Note that the skeleton network structure of fabric throughout the whole composites supported the matrix. At the same time, the microparticulates filled in the interstices of fabrics interwoven structure and the gaps between layers of fabrics, which propped up the skeleton network of fabric under the high frictional load and afford excellent interface between fabrics and EP. This ensures the outstanding tribological properties of PI fabric/EP composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2283–2293, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Supramolecular polymer gels from polystyrene bearing cyclic amidine Group and acrylic acid/n‐butyl acrylate copolymers
Authors: Sakuragi Mina , Aoyagi Naoto , Furusho Yoshio , Endo Takeshi
Published: October 2015

We have prepared supramolecular polymer gels by mixing solutions of a polystyrene bearing cyclic amidine pendant groups (Poly‐A) and copolymers of acrylic acid and n‐butyl acrylate (Poly‐C), followed by evaporation. FT‐IR analysis indicated that the gels were formed through three‐dimensional network of the amidinium‐carboxylate salt bridge. DSC study showed that the Poly‐A and the Poly‐C were miscible when the salt bridge content was high. On the other hand, the mixtures with small salt bridge content showed phase separation. Dynamic shear measurements showed that the gel prepared from Poly‐A and Poly‐C with acrylic acid unit content of 15% had G' higher than G″ over a temperature range of −22 °C to 32 °C, in which the G' value reached almost 1 MPa. The gel had a crossover point of G' and G″ at 32 °C, very close to room temperature, which suggested facile processability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 765–770
Effect of the C/O ratio in graphene oxide materials on the reinforcement of epoxy‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Vallés Cristina , Beckert Fabian , Burk Laura , Mülhaupt Rolf , Young Robert J. , Kinloch Ian A.
Published: October 2015

The effect of the C/O ratio of graphene oxide materials on the reinforcement and rheological percolation of epoxy‐based nanocomposites has been studied. As‐prepared graphene oxide (GO) and thermally‐reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) with higher C/O ratios were incorporated into an epoxy resin matrix at loadings from 0.5 to 5 wt %. Tensile testing revealed good reinforcement of the polymer up to optimal loadings of 1 wt %, whereas agglomeration of the flakes at higher loadings caused the mechanical properties of the composites to deteriorate. The level of reduction (C/O) of the graphene oxide filler was found to influence the mechanical and rheological properties of the epoxy composites. Higher oxygen contents were found to lead to stronger interfaces between graphene and epoxy, giving rise to higher effective Young's moduli of the filler and thus to superior mechanical properties of the composite. The effective modulus of the GO in the nanocomposites was found to be up to 170 GPa. Furthermore, rheological analysis showed that highly oxidized graphene flakes did not raise the viscosity of the epoxy resin significantly, facilitating the processing considerably, of great importance for the development of these functional polymeric materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 281–291
Quality of life and late‐effects among childhood brain tumor survivors: a mixed method analysis
Authors: Gunn Mirja Erika , Mört Susanna , Arola Mikko , Taskinen Mervi , Riikonen Pekka , Möttönen Merja , Lähteenmäki Päivi Maria
Published: October 2015

Background

Reports on the quality of life (QOL) of childhood brain tumor (BT) survivors have been inconsistent. As cognitive limitations may restrict their participation in questionnaire‐based studies, our aim was to evaluate in depth the QOL with a mixed‐method analysis.

Methods

The 5‐year survivors of childhood BTs born in 1975–2000 and alive in 2010 were identified via the Finnish Cancer Registry and treating clinics. Twenty‐one survivors (32%) participated in a mixed‐method analysis including 15D (a general health‐related QOL questionnaire), the Beck Depression Inventory, and a qualitative semi‐structured interview.

Results

Based on the 15D‐questionnaire, the BT survivors had an impaired health‐related QOL in several dimensions such as speech and usual activities. On the other hand, no difference was found in other dimensions such as distress or vitality. A majority (95%) of the survivors showed no increased risk for depression. The qualitative interview revealed that the most important aspects affecting the QOL of the survivors were positive mental growth, negative conceptions concerning illness, living one day at a time, age at diagnosis, time since diagnosis, social relationships, learning disabilities and limitations in vocational opportunities, limitations in independent life, and changed understanding of the term ‘health’.

Conclusions

Childhood BT survivors have heterogeneous attitudes on QOL. The survivors assess social aspects to be more important than functionality for their QOL. Social concerns should actively be brought up to offer support for those with significant social difficulties. Interventions for social difficulties should be more actively developed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
He/O2 Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Treatments of PCL Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Trizio Ilaria , Intranuovo Francesca , Gristina Roberto , Dilecce Giorgio , Favia Pietro
Published: October 2015

The goal of this work was to achieve proper chemical modification of poly‐ϵ‐caprolactone porous scaffolds by means of He/O2 Atmospheric Pressure Plasma‐Jet treatments with the aim of improving their affinity with cells. The surface chemical composition and wettability of plasma processed scaffolds was characterized, their cyto‐compatibility was tested with human Saos‐2 osteoblasts cells. Plasma‐grafted polar groups were found to improve the hydrophilicity of the scaffolds, which resulted in better clusterization and cytoskeleton morphology of cells cultured on them.
Multiple breath washout cannot be used for tidal breath parameter analysis in infants
Authors: Banton Georgia L. , Hall Graham L. , Tan Mark , Skoric Billy , Ranganathan Sarath C. , Franklin Peter J. , Pillow J. Jane , Schulzke Sven M. , Simpson Shannon J.
Published: October 2015

Background

Multiple breath washout (MBW) testing with SF6 gas mixture is routinely used to assess ventilation distribution in infants. It is currently unknown whether SF6 changes tidal breathing parameters during MBW in infants. We investigated if SF6 does change tidal breathing parameters in infants and whether a separate tidal breathing trace prior to MBW testing is necessary.

Methods

Tidal breathing during MBW was compared to standard tidal breathing in room air in healthy infants (n = 38), preterm infants (n = 41), and infants with cystic fibrosis (n = 41). Outcomes included inspiratory and expiratory times (TI and TE), time to peak tidal inspiratory and expiratory flow (tPTIF and tPTEF), tidal volume (VT), respiratory rate (f), and minute ventilation (VE).

Results

Breath times were all significantly increased for both healthy (TE: −0.0790 [−0.10566, −0.05217]; mean difference [95% confidence intervals]) and CF (−0.109 [−0.15235, −0.06607]) infants during the MBW wash‐in (P < 0.001). Healthy infants and those with CF showed decreased f during MBW wash‐in (P < 0.001); however, no change in VT, resulting in a decreased VE (0.154 (0.086, 0.222) and 0.128 (0.069, 0.186) for healthy and CF infants, respectively, P < 0.001). Preterm infants experienced a decreased VE during both wash‐in (0.134 [0.061, 0.207]; P < 0.001) and wash‐out phases of MBW (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

There are differences in tidal breathing parameters during MBW testing with SF6 in infants. It is, therefore, important to measure a separate tidal breathing trace in room air, prior to MBW testing to ensure rigour of tidal breath indices derived from analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:531–540. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Upregulation of 14‐3‐3 eta in chronic liver fluke infection is a potential diagnostic marker of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Haonon Ornuma , Rucksaken Rucksak , Pinlaor Porntip , Pairojkul Chawalit , Chamgramol Yaovalux , Intuyod Kitti , Onsurathum Sudarat , Khuntikeo Narong , Pinlaor Somchai
Published: October 2015

Purpose

To discover protein markers in chronic/advanced opisthorchiasis for the early detection of Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)‐associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).

Experimental design

Liver tissues derived from normal hamsters and those with chronic/advanced opisthorchiasis (n = 5 per group) were subjected to 2DE and LC‐MS/MS. Candidate protein expression was confirmed in hamster models and human CCA tissue microarray (TMA) using immunohistochemistry and Western blot.

Result

Proteomics analysis detected 14‐3‐3 eta only in infected hamsters, not in uninfected controls. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis confirmed low expression of 14‐3‐3 eta in normal hamster livers and demonstrated increased expression through time in infected livers. This protein was also observed in parasite organs, especially during the chronic phase of opisthorchiasis. Moreover, increased expression of 14‐3‐3 eta, relative to normal hamster livers, was observed during the early stage of CCA induced by OV infection and administration of N‐nitrosodimethylamine. Immunohistochemical analysis of human TMA revealed that 14‐3‐3 eta was highly expressed in CCA (84.23%, 187/222 cases) but was not found in hepatocellular carcinoma or healthy liver tissues.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

14‐3‐3 eta protein has potential as a screening and early diagnostic marker for CCA.
Caenorhabditis elegansNONO‐1: Insights into DBHS protein structure, architecture, and function
Authors: Knott Gavin J. , Lee Mihwa , Passon Daniel M. , Fox Archa H. , Bond Charles S.
Published: October 2015

Members of the Drosophila behavior/human splicing (DBHS) protein family have been characterized in the vertebrates Homo sapiens and Mus musculus, and the invertebrates Drosophila melanogaster and Chironomus tentans. Collectively, both vertebrate and invertebrate DBHS proteins function throughout gene regulation, largely but not always, within the nucleus. In this study, we report a structural and bioinformatic analysis of the DBHS protein family to guide future studies into DBHS protein function. To explore the structural plasticity of the family, we describe the 2.4 Å crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans non‐POU domain‐containing octamer‐binding protein 1 (NONO‐1). The structure is dimeric, with a domain arrangement consistent with mammalian DBHS proteins. Comparison with the DBHS structures available from H. sapiens reveals that there is inherent domain flexibility within the homologous DBHS region. Mapping amino acid similarity within the family to the NONO‐1 dimer highlights the dimer interface, coiled‐coil oligomerization motif, and putative RNA binding surfaces. Surprisingly, the interior surface of RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) that faces a large internal void is highly variable, but the external β2–β3 loops of RRM2 show remarkable preservation. Overall, the DBHS region is under strong purifying selection, whereas the sequences N‐ and C‐terminal to the DBHS region are less constrained. The findings described in this study provide a molecular basis for further investigation into the mechanistic function of the DBHS protein family in biology.
Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Approaches Applied to Microphysiological Systems (MPS): Data Interpretation and Multi‐MPS Integration
Authors: Yu J , Cilfone NA , Large EM , Sarkar U , Wishnok JS , Tannenbaum SR , Hughes DJ , Lauffenburger DA , Griffith LG , Stokes CL , Cirit M
Published: October 2015

Our goal in developing Microphysiological Systems (MPS) technology is to provide an improved approach for more predictive preclinical drug discovery via a highly integrated experimental/computational paradigm. Success will require quantitative characterization of MPSs and mechanistic analysis of experimental findings sufficient to translate resulting insights from in vitro to in vivo. We describe herein a systems pharmacology approach to MPS development and utilization that incorporates more mechanistic detail than traditional pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models. A series of studies illustrates diverse facets of our approach. First, we demonstrate two case studies: a PK data analysis and an inflammation response––focused on a single MPS, the liver/immune MPS. Building on the single MPS modeling, a theoretical investigation of a four‐MPS interactome then provides a quantitative way to consider several pharmacological concepts such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the design of multi‐MPS interactome operation and experiments.
Nanoscale cathodoluminescene imaging of III‐nitride‐based LEDs with semipolar quantum wells in a scanning transmission electron microscope
Authors: Müller Marcus , Schmidt Gordon , Metzner Sebastian , Veit Peter , Bertram Frank , Leute Robert Anton Richard , Heinz Dominik , Wang Junjun , Meisch Tobias , Scholz Ferdinand , Christen Jürgen
Published: October 2015

The optical and crystalline properties of a c‐plane GaN‐based LED structure with embedded semipolar InGaN quantum wells (QW) were investigated using highly spatially resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy (CL) directly performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Direct correlation of the cross‐sectional STEM image with the simultaneously recorded spatially resolved CL mapping at room‐temperature reveals the most intense emission coming from the semipolar InGaN QWs. We observe an inhomogeneous wavelength distribution due to local indium fluctuations and varying QW thickness. In contrast, the donor‐acceptor pair recombination (DAP) becomes the dominating luminescence process at 16 K resulting in a superposition of the DAP luminescence and the InGaN QW emission.
Quantum tunneling effect in entanglement dynamics
Authors: Xu Feng , Zhang Lei , Jiang Liyun , Bao Lifu , Meng Hao
Published: October 2015

Quantum tunneling effect in entanglement dynamics between two coupled particles with separable Gaussian initial state is investigated using entangled trajectory molecular dynamics method in terms of the reduced‐density linear entropy. It has been presented through showing distinguish contribution of single trajectory to linear entropy between classical trajectory and entangled trajectory with same initial state. We find that quantum tunneling effect makes single trajectory's contribution remarkably decrease under quantum dynamics compared to classical dynamics. The nonlocality of quantum entanglement is presented, and the energy transfer between two coupled particles through quantum correlations and classical ones is also discussed in the end. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of self‐assembling peptide P11‐4 on enamel erosion: AFM and SEM studies
Authors: Ceci Matteo , Mirando Maria , Beltrami Riccardo , Chiesa Marco , Colombo Marco , Poggio Claudio
Published: October 2015

The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the protective effect of self‐assembling peptide P11‐4 (Curodont™ Protect/Credentis) on enamel erosion produced by a soft‐drink, by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Thirty human incisors were equally and randomly assigned to 6 groups. Group 1: intact enamel, group 2: soft drink, group 3: Curodont™ Protect applied, group 4: Curodont™ Protect applied + soft drink, group 5: soft drink + Curodont™ Protect applied, group 6: soft drink + Curodont™ Protect applied + soft drink. Specimens were observed through atomic force microscopy (AFM). The root mean‐square roughness (Rrms) was obtained from the AFM images and the differences in the averaged values among the groups were analyzed by Shapiro–Wilk test in order to assess the normality of the distribution. Parametric ANOVA and post hoc Tuckey test were performed to assess the differences between the different groups. After demineralization process, enamel demonstrated a high degree of surface porosity. This morphological aspect was reflected in the increase of Rrms values. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were reported between intact enamel and enamel only treated with P11‐4 and between eroded enamel and enamel treated with P11‐4 and then demineralized. However significant differences (p < 0.05) were recorded when comparing softened enamel with softened enamel further remineralized with biomimetic self‐assembling peptides and enamel treated with the protective paste between two acid attacks. The use of P11‐4 remineralizing may offer a degree of protection from enamel erosion. SCANNING 38:344–351, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding network formation in strategy research: Exponential random graph models
Authors: (Rose) Kim Ji Youn , Howard Michael , Cox Pahnke Emily , Boeker Warren
Published: October 2015

Research summary: This article uses Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) to advance strategic management research, focusing on an application to board interlock network tie formation. Networks form as the result of actor attributes as well as through the influence of existing ties. Conventional regression models require assumptions of independence between observations, and fail to incorporate endogenous structural effects of the observed network.ERGMsrepresent a methodological innovation for network formation research given their ability to model actor attributes along with endogenous structural processes. We illustrate these advantages by modeling board interlock formation among Fortune 100 firms. We also demonstrate howERGMsoffer significant opportunities to extend existing strategy research and open new pathways in multiparty alliances, microfoundations of interorganizational network formation, and multiplexity of ties among actors.

Managerial summary: Social networks are increasingly important in the business world, not only between individuals but also between organizations. Firms can obtain information, resources, and status through their external network connections, and understanding how these outside ties form is an important goal of strategy research. Our paper helps advance this effort by introducing a new tool for social network analysis, Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) to the management and strategy fields. We provide an example of this method, demonstrating how social network ties form between companies when they hire common directors to their boards. Executives can benefit from this research through a greater understanding of how corporate relationships are built with allies as well as among competitors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mind the gap: The interplay between external and internal actions in the case of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Hawn Olga , Ioannou Ioannis
Published: October 2015

Research summary: We explore the effect of the interplay between a firm's external and internal actions on market value in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Specifically, drawing from the neo‐institutional theory, we distinguish between external and internal CSR actions and argue that they jointly contribute to the accumulation of intangible firm resources and are therefore associated with better market value. Importantly, though, we find that, on average, firms undertake more internal than external CSR actions, and we theorize that a wider gap between external and internal actions is negatively associated with market value. We confirm our hypotheses empirically, using the market‐value equation and a sample comprising 1,492 firms in 33 countries from 2002 to 2008. Finally, we discuss implications for future research and practice.

Managerial summary: Companies often accumulate intangible assets by taking internally and externally oriented CSR actions. Contrary to popular beliefs, the data show that they undertake more internal than external ones: firms do more and communicate less. How does a potential gap (i.e., a misalignment) between internal and external CSR actions affect a firm's market value? We find that although together (the sum of) internal and external actions are positively associated with market value, a wider gap has negative implications. In other words, firms do not realize the full benefits of their internal actions when such actions are not externally communicated to key stakeholders, and to the investment community in particular. This negative association with market value is particularly salient in CSR‐intensive and the natural resources and extractives industries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Helium Ion Microscopy Visualizes Lipid Nanodomains in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Schürmann Matthias , Frese Natalie , Beyer André , Heimann Peter , Widera Darius , Mönkemöller Viola , Huser Thomas , Kaltschmidt Barbara , Kaltschmidt Christian , Gölzhäuser Armin
Published: October 2015

Cell membranes are composed of 2D bilayers of amphipathic lipids, which allow a lateral movement of the respective membrane components. These components are arranged in an inhomogeneous manner as transient micro‐ and nanodomains, which are believed to be crucially involved in the regulation of signal transduction pathways in mammalian cells. Because of their small size (diameter 10–200 nm), membrane nanodomains cannot be directly imaged using conventional light microscopy. Here, direct visualization of cell membrane nanodomains by helium ion microscopy (HIM) is presented. It is shown that HIM is capable to image biological specimens without any conductive coating and that HIM images clearly allow the identification of nanodomains in the ultrastructure of membranes with 1.5 nm resolution. The shape of these nanodomains is preserved by fixation of the surrounding unsaturated fatty acids while saturated fatty acids inside the nanodomains are selectively removed. Atomic force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, 3D structured illumination microscopy, and direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy provide additional evidence that the structures in the HIM images of cell membranes originate from membrane nanodomains. The nanodomains observed by HIM have an average diameter of 20 nm and are densely arranged with a minimal nearest neighbor distance of ≈15 nm.
Lageraustausch an den Stabbogenbrücken im Zuge der BAB A1 über den Dortmund‐Ems‐Kanal bei Ladbergen
Authors: Hanswille Gerhard , Heine Bernhard , Porsch Markus , Schmitz Christoph
Published: October 2015

An den beiden zwischen 1998 und 2000 bei Ladbergen errichteten Stabbogenbrücken im Zuge der BAB A1 über den Dortmund‐Ems‐Kanal (DEK) wurden schon kurz nach der Fertigstellung ein übermäßiger Verschleiß an den PTFE‐Scheiben der Kalottenlager und deutliche, knarrende Geräusche an den Auflagerpunkten der Kalottenfestlager festgestellt. Da es bereits an Kalottenlagern vergleichbarer Stabbogenbrücken ähnliche Schäden gegeben hatte, wurden zur genaueren Ermittlung der Schadensursachen Verkehrszählungen sowie umfangreiche Messungen am Bauwerk und an den Lagern durchgeführt. Auf der Grundlage von Bauteilversuchen an der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal mit ultrahochmolekularem Polyethylen (UHMWPE) wurde ein modifiziertes Kalottenfestlager mit einer umlaufenden UHMWPE‐Anschlagfläche entwickelt.

Bearing replacement at the bowstring bridges over the Dortmund‐Ems canal in the lane of the highway A1 near Ladbergen. The bowstring bridges over the Dortmund‐Ems canal in the lane of the highway A1 near Ladbergen showed after a short period a frictional wear of the sliding material of the spherical PTFE bearings. In addition at the fixed bearings creaking noises occurred. In the past the bearings of comparable bridge showed a similar behaviour and comparable damages. Therefore the road administration decided to perform a detailed research program in combination with in situ measurements at the bridge in order clarify the cause of the damage and the short design life of the bearings. The paper gives an overview of the measurements and the research work. Based on the results of special tests, performed at the University of Wuppertal, and the new insides of the measurements a modified fixed spherical bearing was developed, where the contact area for the horizontal fixing is made of UHMWPE.
Evaluation of the disintegrant properties of native and modified forms of fonio and sweet potato starches
Authors: Akin‐Ajani Olufunke D. , Itiola Oludele A. , Odeku Oluwatoyin A.
Published: October 2015

The effects of acid modification on the disintegrant properties of two native starches obtained from Digitaria exilis (white fonio) and Ipomea batatas (sweet potato) were evaluated in comparison with official corn starch in paracetamol tablet formulations. The starches were extracted from grains of white fonio and tubers of sweet potato, and modified by acid hydrolysis using 6% w/w hydrochloric acid for 48 h. The native and modified forms of the starches were employed as exo‐disintegrants in paracetamol tablet formulations at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0% w/w. The disintegrant properties were assessed using crushing strength (Cs), friability (Fr), disintegration time (DT), disintegrant efficiency ratio (DER), and the dimensionless quantity DERc. The results showed that crushing strength and friability of the tablets appeared to depend on the type, concentration, and nature of disintegrant used. Disintegration time generally decreased with increase in disintegrant concentration and the values complied with the pharmacopoeial standard for uncoated tablets (≤15 min). Tablets containing acid modified starches showed longer disintegration times than those containing the native starches although there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the values. Acid modification generally increased the disintegration efficiency ratio (DER) of the formulations while the values of DERc indicated that sweet potato starch would be the most efficient disintegrant with greater ability to enhance the balance between the mechanical and disintegration properties of the tablet. Thus, the experimental starches compared well with corn starch as disintegrants and could be useful for commercial tablet formulations.
Randomized, controlled, double‐blind trial of topical lidocaine gel and intrauterine lidocaine infusion for pain relief during saline contrast sonohysterography
Authors: Yung S. S. F. , Lai S. F. , Lam M. T. , Lee V. C. Y. , Li R. H. W. , Ho P. C. , Ng E. H. Y.
Published: October 2015

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of topical lidocaine gel and intrauterine lidocaine infusion administered prior to saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH) in reducing pain level during the procedure.

Methods

This was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo controlled trial. We recruited 120 women scheduled to undergo SCSH and randomized them into one of three groups according to administration of gel and intrauterine infusion immediately prior to the procedure: (1) the ‘lidocaine gel’ group received 3 mL 2% lidocaine gel applied to the cervix and intrauterine infusion, using an infant feeding tube without balloon, of 5 mL normal saline; (2) the ‘lidocaine infusion’ group received 3 mL gel lubricant applied to the cervix and intrauterine infusion of 5 mL 2% lidocaine; (3) the placebo group received 3 mL gel lubricant applied to the cervix and intrauterine infusion of 5 mL normal saline. The tube was left in place for the SCSH procedure. The primary outcome measure was the overall pain level (on a scale of 0–100) reported by the women during the SCSH procedure. Women also rated their pain levels at various other time points and an observer assessed visible signs of the women's discomfort during the procedure, producing a distress score.

Results

There were no significant differences among the three groups in baseline characteristics, volume of saline solution infused, tenaculum use and duration and difficulty level of the SCSH procedure. The median (range) pain scores during normal saline infusion for the SCSH procedure were 0 (0–65) in the placebo group, 2.5 (0–80) in the lidocaine gel group, and 0 (0–70) in the lidocaine infusion group. The pain scores at other time points, the overall pain score and the distress score were also comparable for the three groups. No significant adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

SCSH performed with an infant feeding tube without balloon is associated with very low pain levels. Topical lidocaine gel application and intrauterine lidocaine infusion do not further reduce pain levels during SCSH. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Host‐Guest Interactions by Metal‐to‐Metal Dative Bonding: Recognition of Ruthenocene by a Metallo‐Host
Authors: Omoto Kenichiro , Tashiro Shohei , Shionoya Mitsuhiko
Published: October 2015

Host‐guest complexation driven by metal‐to‐metal dative bonding was studied using a mono‐nuclear AgI complex of 2,9‐bis(9‐anthracenyl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline as a simple metallo‐host. This host molecule can capture a ruthenocene with a Ru–Ag dative bond in solution as revealed by NMR spectroscopy and ESI‐TOF MS spectrometry. Single‐crystal XRD analysis of the host‐guest complex revealed a Ru–Ag type dative bond with a significant change in the coordination arrangement of the central Ru atom of ruthenocene. The binding constant for the host‐guest complexation was estimated to be over 104 M–1 in CD2Cl2 at 300 K.
Genotype–Phenotype Correlation in Indian Patients with MEN2‐Associated Pheochromocytoma and Comparison of Clinico‐Pathological Attributes with Apparently Sporadic Adrenal Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Rajan Sendhil , Zaidi Ghazala , Agarwal Gaurav , Mishra Anjali , Agarwal Amit , Mishra Saroj Kanta , Bhatia Eesh
Published: October 2015

Introduction

Pheochromocytoma (PCC) manifests in up to 50 % of MEN2 patients. We correlated the clinico‐pathological features of MEN2‐associated PCC (MEN‐PCC) with RET mutations and compared them with non‐MEN adrenal‐PCCs.

Methods

In this retrospective single institution study on a large PCC database (n = 208, 1997–2014) 24 MEN‐PCC patients with known RET mutations were reviewed. Excluding 7 with incomplete data, the study cohort of 17 MEN‐PCC patients from 11 kindreds (M:F::7:10) was identified. Clinical, biochemical, pathological attributes, and outcomes in the MEN‐PCC group were correlated with the genotype, and further compared with non‐MEN, apparently sporadic adrenal‐PCCs (n = 132, excluding 37 extra‐adrenal and 15 VHL/NF1/SDH‐associated PCC).

Results

Components of MEN2 encountered included MTC in 13(76.5 %), Marfanoid habitus in 2, and PHPT, cutaneous lichen amyloidosis and mucosal neuromas in 1 patient each. In 11(64.7 %), PCC was the first detected MEN2 component (Symptomatic:8, Incidentaloma:3). Four (23.5 %) were normotensive; 8(47.1 %) had bilateral PCC (7 synchronous, 1 metachronous). Surgery for PCC included laparoscopic adrenalectomy in 12; and cortical‐sparing adrenalectomy in 2 of 8 bilateral PCC patients. Mean MEN‐PCC tumor size was 6.9 ± 3.9 cm, and 6(35 %) had additional adrenal medullary hyperplasia. Four different genotypes were encountered, commonest involving codon 634, others being 804 and 918. Mean age in MEN‐PCC (27.7 ± 12.2 years) was lower than non‐MEN PCC (39.4 ± 15.7, p = 0.018). Proportion of pediatric patients (35.3 % in MEN‐PCC vs. 12.9 % in non‐MEN‐PCC, p = 0.007), bilateral tumors (47.1 % in MEN‐PCC, 4.5 % in non‐MEN‐PCC, p < 0.001), and adrenal medullary hyperplasia (35.2 % in MEN‐PCC, 0.7 % in non‐MEN‐PCC, p < 0.001) were different. Median 24‐hour urinary metanephrines was significantly higher in index MEN‐PCC patients, than non‐MEN‐PCC (634 vs. 214 mcg/24 h, p value = 0.006), but was non‐significantly higher in non‐index MEN‐PCC patients. Mean tumor sizes were comparable in the two groups. None of MEN‐PCC patients had malignant PCC, compared to 7(5.3 %) in non‐MEN‐PCC.

Conclusions

In this cohort of MEN‐PCC from India, the commonest causative RET mutations for MEN‐PCC involved codon 634. MEN‐PCC patients were younger, and more frequently had bilateral PCC than non‐MEN disease. MEN‐PCC patients in India are diagnosed with large tumors and extremely high catecholamine/metanephrine levels.