bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practical Model of Organizational Personnel Competence Initiation Via Competency Based Interview
Authors: Hasim Djamil
Published: February 2020

The phenomenon of the quality of human resources in organizations, commonly discussed in a broad general framework. Even the arguments presented in the general context even tend to lose practical focus, including when examining the competence of organizational personnel. In this study, experimentation is carried out by placing competencies as initial access to the quality of organizational personnel resources, then the focus is directed at the recruitment program. This study considers that the recruitment program is the first opportunity for the organization to pay attention to the ability (quality of HR) of prospective personnel who will work later. This perspective brings us to the importance of professional recruitment filtration design and integrity in its implementation. The two aspects support one another, including in; (1) The recruitment filtration process that applies the interview mechanism requires the design of competency-based interviews whose details are examined; (2) Competency-based interview design is implemented with blind professional integrity. For this reason, this study presents a practical model of competency-based interview design that is ready to be implemented with a single condition, blind professional integrity.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN KELEMBAGAAN KOPERASI PERTANIAN BERBASIS JAGUNG DI PROVINSI GORONTALO
Authors: Baga Lukman M
Published: February 2020

success of an integrate agribusiness system of a commodity must be followed by the increase of farmers’ bargain position, especially the small scale agribusiness runs by farmers. Otherwise, farmer will continue to be marginalized, and sustainable production is hard to be achieved. Farmer organization in Indonesia is relatively has weak position and cannot improve farmers’ bargain position since it is still in social institution form (i.e. farmer group), and yet become a socio-economic institution (cooperative). In many countries, farmers’ cooperative not only improves the production, productivity and product quality, but also lead to increase in welfare and life quality of its members. This study specifically aimed to develop corn farmer co-operative in Gorontalo Province. SWOT analysis was being used to formulate the strategy, followed by strategy mapping in road-map as guidance for local government to develop corn farmer co-operative that suitable with its character.Keyword: agribusiness, corn, farmer group, farmer co-operative, Gorontalo.
FOREIGN POLICY PERSPECTIVES AND SUPERPOWER POLITICS: COMPETITION OF U.S. AND RUSSIA OVER KOSOVO
Authors: SIVIŞ Efe
Published: February 2020

Kosovo’s proclamation of independence in 2008 led various reflections on U.S. and Russia. While the president George W. Bush looked with favor of Kosovo’s declaration, Russia argued that it was a infringement of international law and of Serbia’s territorial integrity. The 1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, that to a certain extent gained Kosovo an additional impetus to break away from Serbia and Montenegro, is debated to this day since it was not supported by the United Nations Security Council. The policy of non-intervention and exempting local authorithy from foreign influences are two primary objectives of the Westphalian model – the main theoretical framework on which this article is built. Drawing on these two main objectives, the paper tackles with the issue of Kosovo’s statehood from the perspective of both the U.S. and Russia. While Kosovo’s statehood is the focal point, the Western Balkan region is put in the spotlight to serve as a stage for competing superpowers.
KÖL TİGİN (K 10) YAZITINDAKİ ÖD T(E)ÑRİ KİŞİ OGLI KOOP ÖLG(E)Lİ TÖRİM(İ)Ş CÜMLESİ ÜZERİNE
Authors: AYAZ Eyup Sertaç
Published: February 2020

Köl Tigin yazıtının kuzey cephesinin 10. satırındaki RSY (y1s1r1) kelimesinin yapılan çalışmalarda ‘yaşar’, ‘yasar’ ve ‘aysar’ olarak farklı şekillerde okunduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu okuma farklılıklarından dolayı kelimenin geçtiği cümleye farklı anlamlar verilmiştir. Yazıtların kopyasını sunan çalışmalar (Inscriptions de L’Orkhon 1892: 7; Alyılmaz 2005: 30) RSY (y1s1r1) kelimesindeki işaretlerde ittifak etmiştir. Buradan da anlaşılmaktadır ki okuma farklılıklarının sebebi işaretlerdeki farklılık değil, anlamlandırmadaki tercihlerdir. Aynı cümlenin başında geçen ‘öd täŋri’ ifadesinin anlamlandırılmasında da bir birlik yoktur. Yazıttaki cümlenin doğru anlaşılması için Türk din tarihinin verileri ışığında konunun ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilmesi gerekir. Siyasi iktidar ve hakimiyetinin kaynağını Tanrı’dan alan Türk kağanı Bilge Kağan, kurduğu bu cümleyle Türk inanç sistemini özetleyen bir tespit yapmıştır. Bu makalede, daha önce yapılan okuma ve anlamlandırma teklifleri incelenerek, Gök Tanrı temelinde şekillenen inanç sisteminden hareketle RSY (y1s1r1) kelimesi yeniden değerlendirilmiştir.
PEMBUATAN PRODUK CAMILAN KERIPIK SEHAT DAN HIGIENIS BERBASIS DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) DI UPT MATERIA MEDICA BATU
Authors: Sholikha Rizkia Ayu , Tiadeka Pemta , Na’imah Janatun
Published: February 2020

Usually, papaya leaf can be used as malaria disease treatment, prevent acne, appetite enhancer, milk supplement even making a toothache. In this research, papaya leaf is made as snack chips. The ingredients of papaya leaf’s chips are papaya leaf’s, rice flour, tapioca flour, red chili pepper, salt, eggs, guava leaf’s, clay, coriander, candlenut, flavorings, cooking oil, garlic, and water. The papaya chips also treat by organoleptic tests that consist of 5 criteria includes color, smell, texture, appearance, a taste of spices and moisture content test. The process of making papaya leaf’s chips include wash the papaya leaf, cutting, boiling used clay and guava then add salt to remove the bitter taste. The next step is making flour dough, frying, and slicing. The results of the organoleptic test 90% mean that consumers are very like papaya chips and the results of moisture content test are 4.564%.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN RASA INGIN TAHU DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM MATERI PEMBENTUKAN TANAH MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MAKE A MATCH
Authors: Isnarofik Maulana Bayu
Published: February 2020

On science learning at fifth grade SD Negeri 2 Kotayasa showed that learning process still used lecturing method and lack of students’ participation. The research was aimed at improving curiosity and science learning achievement at class V SD Negeri 2 Kotayasa. The research was done in 2 cycles which consisted of 2 meetings for each. The result of the research showed that there was an improvement. The average of curiosity in cycle I was 30,3. Meanwhile, the average of curiosity in cycle 122,2 and for cycle II there was an improvement on which the average was 159 with 81,5% as the classical completeness. Based on the data aforementioned, it could be concluded that make a match learning model could improve curiosity and science learning achievement on land forming material through making a match learning model in class V SD Negeri 2 Kotayasa. This classroom action research improved curiosity and science learning model on land forming through make a match learning model.
Analisa Produktifitas Alat Berat Pada Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Fakultas Syariah dan Ilmu Hukum IAIN Tulungagung
Authors: Kaprina Aprilia , Winarto Sigit , Purnomo Yosef Cahyo Setianto
Published: February 2020

Alat berat merupakan faktor penting di dalam proyek, terutama proyek-proyek konstruksi dengan skala yang besar. Alat berat yang digunakan dalam ilmu teknik sipil adalah alat yang digunakan untuk membantu manusia dalam melakukan pekerjaan pembangunan dan diperhitungkan analisa produktifitas alat berat agar penggunaannya lebih efisiensi dari segi waktu dan biaya operasionalnya.Proyek ini berfungsi sebagai bangunan tempat untuk aktifitas perkuliahan dan tanah lokasi proyek memiliki luas total bangunan sebesar 22.983 m. Jenis alat berat yang digunakan untuk pekerjaan tanah dan pekerjaan struktur ialah Excavator, Dumptruck, dan Tower Crane. Agar memperoleh hasil produksi alat secara optimal perlu dilakukan analisis data untuk mengetahui anggaran biaya yang dikeluarkan sesuai analisa SNI. Dengan demikian kita dapat menganalisa penggunaan alat berat dengan tepat dan memperhitungkan biaya yang diperlukan dalam penggunaan alat tersebut. Perencanaan dengan menggunakan alat berat dipengaruhi oleh pemilihan alat berat, kondisi alat berat, kemampuan operator, situasi dan kondisi medan kerja dilapangan.Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan analisa produktifitas alat berat yang meliputi pekerjaan pekerjaan tanah dan pekerjaan struktur kerja tower crane diperoleh hasil penelitian alat berat yang tepat, waktu yang singkat dan dapat digunakan agar seluruh alat berat dapat bekerja optimal.Dari beberapa kombinasi, di Kombinasi III yang paling efektif dan efisien waktu pelaksanaannya dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan galian, timbunan dan pekerjaan struktur kerja tower crane yaitu 2 unit Excavator, 4 Dumptruck, dan 1 Tower Crane. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan pekerjaan tersebut adalah 251,52 jam dengan biaya alat berat sebesar Rp 276.422.572,00 dan jumlah analisa sumber daya manusia sebesar Rp 9.555.249.830,00 pada Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Fakultas Syariah dan Ilmu Hukum IAIN Tulungagung. Kata Kunci : Alat berat, efisien, waktu, dan biaya.
PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR ATAS ASRAMA PUTRI DI UNIVERSITAS KADIRI
Authors: Oza Pubawa Renaldi , Ridwan Ahmad , Cahyo Yosef
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThe upper structure is the parts that make up buildings such as sloof, walls, columns, beams, and roofs. In this upper structure these components have a very important role. Today, civil engineering students are required to be able to plan well so that they are strong and durable for a long time.In planning this upper structure, of course there are many methods that can be used to calculate moments, one of them is ultimate moment method, which can be combined with a reference from SK SNI 2847,2013. For pouring images can be presented with CAD (Computer Aided Design) software called AutoCAD.The results of this plan are used for roof and floor plates used 100 mm and 120 mm thick with reinforcement used 12 mm main reinforcement and 8 mm stirrup reinforcement with a distance of 200 mm. For beams and Sloof used the same, which is 16 mm for basic reinforcement and 10 mm for reinforcement Sengkang with a distance of 200 mm. Whereas for columns, reinforcement 16 mm and Sengkang 12 mm with a distance of 200 mm are used. The load distribution that occurs is for the roof floor of 20.640,924 kgm, because the assumption of loading the 1st floor to 6th is the same, which is equal to 23.233,644 kgm. The moments that occur in this plan are on the plate occurred at 17.074,370 kgm, the beam occurred at 342.733,875 kgm and 493.536,780 kgm. In the column arises a fairly large moment, with a value of 551.697,600 kgm. From the calculation of the earthquake load get the result = 159843 (kNm).Keywords: Planning, Structure, CAD, SNI
ANALISA PLAT KONVENSIONAL DENGAN PLATE FLATES PADA GEDUNG BPN KOTAMADYA MALANG
Authors: Asyari Musa Al , Cahyo Yosef , Winarto Sigit
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT Reinforced concrete is a composite element consisting of concrete and reinforcing steel planted in concrete. The main properties of concrete are strong in compressive forces but weak in tensile forces. Reinforcing steel in concrete serves to cover these weaknesses, namely resisting tensile forces and some compressive forces. The strength of the concrete itself is based on mixed proportions, conditions of temperature and humidity where the concrete will harden. Plates flates is the right choice for the owner loss of aesthetics due to transverse beam. From the calculation results it turns out that no special shear reinforcement is needed, adjustments by enlarging the column dimensions, plate strength or thickness. = 694 KN> Vn = 361,512 KN. To produce space efficiency that is expected, it is better to use plate flates. In terms of calculations it turns out that the plate flates need more reinforcement when compared to conventional plates. Keywords: conventional plate, plate flate,
PERENCANAAN PENINGKATAN JALAN PADA RUAS JALAN PACITAN-NGADIROJO
Authors: Harsono Bakhtiar Andhi , Winarto Sigit , Cahyo Yosef
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT The Pacitan-Ngadirojo road section is one of the East Java Province Roads located in Pacitan District, which includes cross-district roads. The condition of the Pacitan-Ngadirojo road segment is generally a flat road that has several bends, inclines and derivatives along the link. Passing through a number of sub-districts and villages in the Pacitan Regency area which has right and left sides, there are settlements, agricultural land, plantations, gardens, rice fields, and traditional shopping places.To analyze road performance, the writer uses the method Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI, 1997), while to calculate the thickness of road pavement, we use the method Bina Marga (1987).From the results of the road performance analysis, data were obtained as follows: Degree of Saturation (DS) on the Pacitan-Ngadirojo road segment beginning in 2011 amounted to 0.047 while the performance analysis for the next 10 years obtained a DS of 0,078. This means that the level of road services on the road segment has not yet taken into account traffic actions or management, which in this case is road widening.For the calculation of pavement thickness with the Bina Marga Method the flexible pavement thickness on the Pacitan-Ngadirojo road section is 7,5 cm. Key words : Road Improvement Planing, Pavement Thickness, Degree of Saturation
PERENCANAAN PONDASI TIANG PANCANG PADA GEDUNG SEKRETARIAT DEWAN DPRD KABUPATEN KEDIRI
Authors: Hartanto Dwi , Cahyo Yosef , Winarto Sigit
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT The foundation holds a very important role in the construction of a building. Aside from being the foundation of the strength of a building construction, the foundation plays a role in distributing the burden of the building on it, so that it can be channeled to the subsoil well and make the building stand firm. For this reason, the calculation of the foundation must be calculated precisely so that the construction of the building can be stable and not decrease. The purpose of this study was to plan the carrying capacity and size and reinforcement of the stake in the Kediri Regency DPRD Secretariat Building with sondir data. The author conducts the examination method directly in the field and coordinates with the Planning Consultant and looks for references from several literature. From the results of the author's calculation, it can be concluded as follows: 1. The loading that occurs in one to four floor buildings is: a) 4th floor life load and dead load are obtained at 684558.8 kg b) 3d floor load and dead load are obtained at 701838.8 kg c) The second floor's live load and dead load are obtained at 736398.8 kg d) The 1st floor living load and dead load are obtained at 736398.8 kg e) Then, the total loading (Wt) was obtained 2806395.4 kg = 2859.19 tons 2. Pile foundation dimensions = 40 cm; depth = 10 meters, with the number of two pieces per Pile Cap 3. The amount of reinforcement needs on the building foundation is 20575.05 kg In planning the foundation of a building the completeness of the data is an absolute requirement that is needed so that the level of security and efficiency of the foundation can be planned and carried out in the field appropriately.
Tiempo de desarrollo y supervivencia de Arhopalus syriacus (Reitter) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), una plaga potencialmente perjudicial de Pinus sp. en Argentina
Authors: Fachinetti R. , Pedemonte M.L. , Grilli M.P.
Published: February 2020

Arhopalus syriacus is an exotic longhorn beetle that attacks mainly Pinus and is present in pine forests of Argentina. The objective of this study was to estimate development and survival of A. syriacus at 25 °C on an artificial diet. Developmental time, developmental rates, pupal weights, larval length, and head capsule widths were recorded in laboratory conditions whereas emergency time of adults, sex ratio and female reproduction were studied using pine logs. Larvae pupated after 6, 7, 8 and 9 stadia. Head-capsule width and larval length decreased from the fourth and sixth instar respectively. Female pupae were heavier than male ones and this situation was the same for pupal length. Survival was lower in the first two instars but increased to 100% in all mature larvae and pupae. The maximum abundances of adults from pine logs occurred in November and December. Male adults lived 9.27 ± 0.84 days and female 9.12 ± 1.61 days. Female adults were heavier than males and the number of new larvae per female was 80.65 ± 10.62. The life cycle duration of A. syriacus was 298.86 ± 13.66 days.
Efectos de la intensificación ganadera sobre la eficiencia en el uso de la energía fósil y la conservación del pastizal en la cuenca baja del río Salado, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Jacobo E. , Rodriguez A. , Gonzalez J. , Golluscio R.
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study was to explore the impact of the current process of intensification in cattle production systems on the environmental sustainability in the Salado basin region. We compared the proportion and condition of grasslands, fossil energy consumption per unit of area and per unit of product and fossil energy use efficiency on13 livestock farms that used different input levels for cattle feeding. Fossil energy consumption per unit of area ranged from 600 to 3600 megajoules (MJ) ha-1 yr-1, fossil energy consumption per unit of product from 0.01 to 8.49 MJ.kg-1 of live weight, and fossil energy use efficiency from 0.92 to 1973 MJ of energy produced per MJ of energy consumed. Fossil energy consumption was lower and fossil energy use efficiency was higher on farms with a large proportion of rangeland in good condition as a consequence of appropriate grazing management with respect to higher feed-input farms. The current process of intensification is causing a decrease in the energy efficiency of meat production systems, which might affect environmental sustainability.
Análisis ambiental de los cambios en el uso de las tierras en el partido de Azul (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Authors: Vazquez P. , Zulaica L. , Requesens E.
Published: February 2020

Ever since transgenic soybean crops began to spread in the mid-90s, agricultural lands have expanded remarkably in Argentina, thus producing changes in the dominance of major crops and bringing about various environmental consequences. This work aims to analyze changes in the use of lands in Azul, a central district of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, from 1995 to 2011, and to characterize the agricultural expansion process (known as "agriculturization") in that district, by means of landscape definition. Classified satellite images for the1995-2011 period, official statistics of sown areas arranged by crop type and previous studies were used; field surveys were also conducted. The study suggests that the agricultural area of the district increased by 173% in the 1995-2011 period, at the expense of livestock areas. Moreover, wheat was replaced by soybean as the dominant crop in the same period. Agricultural expansion occurred from the peri-mountainous plains landscapes to the hills and depressed plains landscapes. The study of changes in land use and land cover in distinct landscapes will enable researchers to interpret the different scenarios of the agricultural expansion process and will lay bases for environmental management of lands.
Development of a non-radioactive molecular hybridization probe for detecting Strawberry mottle virus in strawberry
Authors: Asinari F. , Cafrune E.E. , Guzman F.A. , Conci L.R. , Conci V.C.
Published: February 2020

The vegetative propagation of strawberries favors transmission of systemic pathogens, such as viruses, which are one of the main yield-limiting factors for this crop. More than 20 viruses have been described as infecting this species; one of the most frequent is the Strawberry mottle virus (SMoV), which is responsible for significant economic losses. SMoV is usually detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), given that serum is not available for serological tests. In this study, a non-radioactive molecular probe was developed for SMoV detection. The cDNA was synthesized by RT-PCR using specific primers designed from the 3'UTR region of the viral genome. The cloned cDNA segment was labeled and used as a probe. Six RNA extraction protocols were evaluated, and the modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method showed the highest sensitivity level. Leaves at different phenological stages and petioles were evaluated; the highest reaction was observed in old leaves and in petioles.
Vaccine-related Discussions in Online Communities for Parents. A Quantitative Overview
Authors: Bachl Marko , Link Elena
Published: February 2020

Vaccinations are a medical success story. However, many individuals still experience doubts, which challenge vaccine compliance. Online communities for parents are important sources for the discussion about vaccination with similar others. They serve as social support platforms, where parents exchange informational, emotional, and esteem support. Our study provides a structured overview of vaccine-related online discussions of parents. The content of the four most popular German online communities for parents (2012-2019) was obtained with web scraping. Structural topic models were used to characterize the exchanges about vaccination in 98,505 discussion posts. We identified 27 aspects of the vaccination discussions, which were sorted into four general perspectives. The general vaccination debate perspective (6 aspects, 24% of all content) covered societal and public health debates. The specific vaccinations perspective (8 aspects, 16%) addressed vaccinations against specific diseases. Parents discussed various vaccine-related practical issues (7 aspects, 20%). The relationship and communication perspective (6 aspects, 19%) collected aspects concerned with community building. The findings highlighted the diversity of vaccine-related online discussions related to all types of social support. Investigating online exchanges can inform public health communicators as well as health professionals which parental support needs should be addressed more comprehensively.
Tugas review jurnal " Evamping The Supply Chain of Fruit and Vegetable in East Java Province, Indonesia"
Authors: Pricilia Friska , Nasrullah Muhammad , Fauzie Kamilah , Pratiwi️ Safadela Gigania , Nabilla Sinta Dina
Published: February 2020

Pertumbuhan penduduk dan peningkatan kesadaran akan pentingnya kesehatan menyebabkan tingginya demand masyarakat terhadap kuantitas serta kualitas buah dan sayur - sayuran. Tingginya permintaan tesebut tidak diimbangi dengan ketersediaan supply yang cukup, sehingga dilakukan impor terhadap buah dan sayur - sayuran agar dapat memenuhi permintaan domestik. Ada banyak faktor yang menyebabkan tidak seimbangnya supply yang tersedia dengan demand masyarakat, seperti waktu panen - supply melebihi demand - harga turun - produk yang tidak terjual membusuk. Hal ini dikarenakan oleh sistem perdagangan yang buruk dan keterbatasan inovasi dan teknologi yang tersedia.
Worldwide dietary patterns and their association with socioeconomic data: an ecological exploratory study
Authors: da Costa Gabriel Gonçalves , Simões Bruno Francisco Teixeira , da Silva Pereira Alessandra
Published: February 2020

Objective: To identify dietary patterns in food availability data at the global level using multivariate statistical methodology, to associate the identified dietary patterns with socioeconomic data and to analyze the adequacy of the applied statistical methods in data of food availability. Methods: Principal Component Analysis was applied to food availability data of 172 UN registered countries available at FAOSTAT database in Food Balance Sheets section. The Principal Components were correlated with socioeconomic data available from the World Bank database. Results: Five principal components were identified, each characterizing a dietary pattern. The first one, a westernized dietary pattern, was composed of energy-dense and processed foods, foods of animal origin, alcoholic beverages, but also, albeit less, by vegetables, fruits and nuts, being correlated with income, urbanization and trade liberalization. This westernized pattern was characterized more by western, animal origin and processed foods, yet preserving unprocessed and regional foods. The other dietary patterns were three agricultural patterns characterized more by regional foods, especially starchy staples, and one coastal dietary pattern composed of fish and seafoods, being associated with GINI index, poverty, and female labor force. Conclusions: Principal Component Analysis was adequate to identify dietary patterns in food availability data. A westernized dietary pattern was identified, being associated with income, urbanization and trade liberalization. This association did not occur for the remain of the dietary patterns identified, these being less driven by economic development.
An Introduction to Causal Inference
Authors: Dablander Fabian
Published: February 2020

Causal inference goes beyond prediction by modeling the outcome of interventions and formalizing counterfactual reasoning. Instead of restricting causal conclusions to experiments, causal inference explicates the conditions under which it is possible to draw causal conclusions even from observational data. In this paper, I provide a concise introduction to the graphical approach to causal inference, which uses Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) to visualize, and Structural Causal Models (SCMs) to relate probabilistic and causal relationships. Successively, we climb what Judea Pearl calls the "causal hierarchy" --- moving from association to intervention to counterfactuals. I explain how DAGs can help us reason about associations between variables as well as interventions; how the do-calculus leads to a satisfactory definition of confounding, thereby clarifying, among other things, Simpson's paradox; and how SCMs enable us to reason about what could have been. Lastly, I discuss a number of challenges in applying causal inference in practice.
A test of two processes: The effect of training on deductive and inductive reasoning
Authors: Stephens Rachel Gloria , Dunn John C , Hayes Brett , Kalish Michael
Published: February 2020

Dual-process theories posit that separate kinds of intuitive (Type 1) and reflective (Type 2) processes contribute to reasoning. Under this view, inductive judgments are more heavily influenced by Type 1 processing, and deductive judgments are more strongly influenced by Type 2 processing. Alternatively, single-process theories propose that both types of judgments are based on a common form of assessment. The competing accounts were respectively instantiated as two-dimensional and one-dimensional signal detection models, and their predictions were tested against specifically targeted novel data using signed difference analysis. In two experiments, participants evaluated valid and invalid arguments, under induction or deduction instructions. Arguments varied in believability and type of conditional argument structure. Additionally, we used logic training to strengthen Type 2 processing in deduction (Experiments 1 & 2) and belief training to strengthen Type 1 processing in induction (Experiment 2). The logic training successfully improved validity-discrimination, and differential effects on induction and deduction judgments were evident in Experiment 2. While such effects are consistent with popular dual-process accounts, crucially, a one-dimensional model successfully accounted for the results. We also demonstrate that the one-dimensional model is psychologically interpretable, with the model parameters varying sensibly across conditions. We argue that single-process accounts have been prematurely discounted, and formal modeling approaches are important for theoretical progress in the reasoning field.
Assessment of Phenolic Compound Intake from Plant-Derived Products in Adolescents from Ontario, Canada
Authors: Weinman Sara Michelle , Battram Danielle S. , Ahmadi Latifeh
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To better understand which plant-derived products contribute to the usual daily total polyphenol content (TPC) intake of Canadian adolescents.

Methods: A convenience sample from 2 southwestern Ontario high schools was obtained (n = 108). Students of all gender and ethnicity were invited to participate if they were enrolled in grades 9–12 and were between the ages of 13 and 18 years. To measure the usual intake of TPC found in fruits, vegetables, fruit juices, nuts and legumes, tea, and coffee and coffee-based beverages, participants completed a food frequency questionnaire. TPC of the tea, coffee and coffee-based beverages, and fruit juices were determined spectrophotometrically, and the TPC of all other food items were calculated using the Phenol-Explorer Database.

Results: Participants’ median consumption of TPC was 974 mg/day (25th, 75th percentile; 559, 2161, respectively). Fruit contributed 69% to TPC intake with 24% from vegetables; 3% from juice; 2% from tea, coffee, and coffee-based beverages; and 0% from nuts and pulses. No sex differences were found.

Conclusion: The results of this exploratory study suggest that fruit is the major contributor to the daily TPC intake of adolescents in Ontario, Canada; however, a larger-scale study is warranted to confirm these findings.
Motion-Preserving Navigated Primary Internal Fixation of Unstable C1 Fractures
Authors: Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan , Soundararajan Dilip Chand Raja , Shetty Ajoy Prasad , Kanna Rishi Mugesh
Published: February 2020

Study Design: Prospective observational study.Purpose: To assess the safety, efficacy, and benefits of computed tomography (CT)-guided C1 fracture fixation.Overview of Literature: The surgical management of unstable C1 injuries by occipitocervical and atlantoaxial (AA) fusion compromises motion and function. Monosegmental C1 osteosynthesis negates these drawbacks and provides excellent functional outcomes.Methods: The patients were positioned in a prone position, and cranial traction was applied using Mayfield tongs to restore the C0–C2 height and obtain a reduction in the displaced fracture fragments. An intraoperative, CT-based navigation system was used to enable the optimal placement of C1 screws. A transverse rod was then placed connecting the two screws, and controlled compression was applied across the fixation. The patients were prospectively evaluated in terms of their clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes, with a minimal follow-up of 2 years.Results: A total of 10 screws were placed in five patients, with a mean follow-up of 40.8 months. The mean duration of surgery was 77±13.96 minutes, and the average blood loss was 84.4±8.04 mL. The mean combined lateral mass dislocation at presentation was 14.6±1.34 mm and following surgery, it was 5.2±1.64 mm, with a correction of 9.4±2.3 mm (p <0.001). The follow-up CT showed excellent placement of screws and sound healing. There were no complications and instances of AA instability. The clinical range of movement at 2 years in degrees was as follows: rotation to the right (73.6°±9.09°), rotation to the left (71.6°±5.59°), flexion (35.4°±4.5°), extension (43.8°±8.19°), and lateral bending on the right (28.4°±10.45°) and left (24.8°±11.77°). Significant improvement was observed in the functional Neck Disability Index from 78±4.4 to 1.6±1.6. All patients returned to their occupation within 3 months.Conclusions: Successful C1 reduction and fixation allows a motion-preserving option in unstable atlas fractures. CT navigation permits accurate and adequate monosegmental fixation with excellent clinical and radiological outcomes, and all patients in this study returned to their preoperative functional status.
What Makes a Panther a Panther?
Authors: Macdonald Catherine , Wester Julia
Published: February 2020

Species categorizations can involve both scientific input and conservation questions about what should be preserved and how. We present a case study exploring the social construction of species categories using a real-life example of a cougar subspecies (Puma concolor stanleyana) purposefully introduced into Florida to prevent the functional extinction of a related subspecies of panther (P. c. coryi). Participants in an online sample (n = 500) were asked to make categorization decisions and then reflect on those decisions in an open format. Analysis of coded responses suggest people may experience “species” as both a social and biological construct, and that the question of what species people think an animal belongs to cannot be answered in isolation from questions about how that animal fits into larger social and biological systems.
PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA SISWA SD KELAS III MEGGUNAKAN PEMBELAJARAN CTL
Authors: Rismawati Melinda , Yunista Yunista
Published: February 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Operasi Hitung Perkalian dan Pembagian  pada  Siswa Kelas III C SD Negeri 20 Mambok Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019  menggunakan  pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Tiap siklus terdiri  dari empat tahapan, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas III C SD Negeri 20 Mambok Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019  yang berjumlah 28 orang siswa. Sumber data berasal dari siswa  kelas III C, guru kelas III C, kegiatan pembelajaran, dan dokumen. Alat pengumpul data yang  digunakan yaitu lembar observasi (guru dan siswa), soal tes, dan lembar angket respon siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran CTL  dapat meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Operasi Hitung Perkalian dan Pembagian Siswa . Aktivitas belajar siswa pada siklus I diperoleh rerata sebesar 89%  dengan  kriteria sangat baik. Pada siklus II hasil aktivitas siswa diperoleh rerata sebesar 94,5% dengan kriteria sangat baik. Pemahaman konsep siswa  pada siklus I dan siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebesar 25,92% . Sedangkan respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran CTL  sangat baik. Respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pembelajaran  CTL diperoleh rerata sebesar 97,2% dengan kriteria sangat baik. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, disimpulkan secara umum bahwa penerapan  pembelajaran  CTL  dapat meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Operasi Hitung Perkalian dan Pembagian siswa  kelas III C SDN 20 Mambok Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Kata Kunci: CTL,  Pemahaman Konsep, Operasi Hitung Perkalian dan Pembagian.
UJI KALIBRASI (KETIDAKPASTIAN PENGUKURAN) TIMBANGAN DIGITAL MENGACU PADA STANDAR JCGM 100:2008
Authors: Setiyono Joko
Published: February 2020

Abstrak: Timbangan digital merupakan salah satu instrument yang banyak digunakan di setiap posyandu studi kasus kali ini terjadi di Posyandu Puri Permata Bogor. Dengan kapasitas 10 kg dengan akurasi 0,005 kg yang sering digunakan untuk menimbang balita warga. Akan tetapi tidak pernah dilakukan pengujian kalibrasi dan verifikasi kinerja secara berkala, sehingga akurasinya perlu dipertanyakan. Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian ini telah dicoba dilakukan uji kalibrasi dan pengukuran ketidakpastian pengukuran dari timbangan digital tersebut. Uji kalibrasi meliputi kemampuan baca timbangan, daya ulang pembacaan timbangan, penyimpangan dari nilai skala nominal, serta diuji pengaruh posisi pembebanan tidak terpusat. Dari hasil kalibrasi diperoleh bahwa timbangan Seca mempunyai nilai koreksi terendah 4,9 gram pada nominal pembebanan 1.000 gram dan tertinggi 45 gram pada nominal pembebanan 10.000 gram. Nilai ketidakpastian pengukuran ±4,22 gram dan pada uji pengaruh posisi pembebanan tidak terpusat mendapat nilai maksimum 0,022 gram. Secara keseluruhan dari hasil kalibrasi kondisi timbangan tersebut masih dalam kondisi layak untuk digunakan.Kata kunci : timbangan digital, nilai koreksi, ketidakpastian pengukuran.
Desafios do enfermeiro na consulta de puericultura para o estímulo do cuidado e autocuidado
Authors: Trindade Cristiane Ribeiro , Santos Gustavo Gonçalves dos , Mendonça Jéssica Akamine de , Rangel Sabina Dias
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Identificar as atividades e desafios que o Enfermeiro enfrenta para realizar o estímulo do cuidado e autocuidado durante a consulta de puericultura. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, estudo exploratório e descritivo. Realizada a busca de artigos científicos, foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: Cuidado da criança. Criança. Adolescente. Puericultura, a partir das bases de dados da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e Base de dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) com critério de inclusão artigos publicados no idioma Português, publicados no período de dez anos e que abordem a temática do estudo. A revisão de literatura tem a finalidade de colocar o pesquisador em contato com o que já foi publicado em relação ao tema proposto, proporcionado ao autor avaliar a temática, tendo um novo enfoque sob a Enfermagem na Saúde da criança. Resultados: A família e a criança devem ser orientadas e possui participação ativa durante as consultas de puericultura, podendo haver maior satisfação; a falta de orientação e comunicação inadequada fez com que pais e responsáveis não levassem mais seus filhos para a consulta; a insatisfação dos usuários quanto ao atendimento é quando o profissional não estimula e também não favorece o processo do cuidar e que os pais e/ou responsáveis não identificam que o Enfermeiro e a equipe multiprofissional podem realizar a consulta de puericultura, pois o protagonista principal desta história é o Médico Pediatra. Conclusões: Para que haja o estímulo do cuidado e autocuidado na consulta de puericultura é preciso reorganizar os processos das práticas assistenciais, vislumbrar a relação que temos do modelo assistencial e entendermos com clareza e fundamento as evidências no processo de saúde-doença da criança e adolescente.

Palavras-chaves: Cuidado da criança, criança, adolescente, puericultura.
Mixtures of Mycorrhizal Fungi Improve Growth of Lactuca Sativa and Reduce Levels of Zinc in Contaminated Soil
Authors: Haradean John A. , Ralph-Epps Tyler , Whiteacre Zach , Neumann Sarah , Becker Donna M.
Published: February 2020

Bioremediation is currently under investigation as a viable way to remove many environmental pollutants and most commonly involves the use of microorganisms to extract organic pollutants or heavy metals from water or soil. One of the most abundant heavy metals found in industrially polluted sites is zinc (Zn); it is often found alongside metals like lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg). This experiment investigated the potential bioremediation of pasteurized soil contaminated with zinc using different vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM) species and lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa). Soil was amended with 0.4 g of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) per kg of soil. Amended and unamended soils were inoculated with two different mixes of VAM, BioAg VAM-Endo™ and MycoBloom. For each treatment, L. sativa plants (15 pots per treatment) were grown in a greenhouse setting. Plant diameter was measured weekly. Plants were harvested after 55-days and the wet weight of leaf tissue was measured before the tissue was sent for analysis of zinc levels. Roots were assessed for mycorrhizae using a trypan blue staining procedure. The BioAg VAM-Endo™ mix was the most successful at removing ZnCl2 from the soil. L. sativa inoculated with VAM mixes formed mycorrhizae, grew healthier and removed more zinc from the soil than the non-inoculated group. We propose further investigation into the use of mycorrhizal fungi paired with other plant species to remove zinc from contaminated sites with harmful levels of zinc.
Transcanal Endoscopic Approach to the Mastoid Segment of Facial Nerve and the Role of the Pyramidal Eminence as a Landmark
Authors: Kamal Sheikh Shawkat
Published: February 2020

Objectives: To study the feasibility of approaches in addressing the mastoid segment of facial nerve through transcanal route exclusively under endoscopic guidance and to verify the usefulness of the pyramidal eminence as a landmark.
Study design: The prospective experimental study
Setting: “Transcanal endoscopic temporal bone dissection lab” situated in the Surgiscope hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Materials: 4 (Four) cadaveric temporal bones.
Interventions: Two pure transcanal endoscopic approaches were applied to excavate the mastoid segment of facial nerve. In anterior-medial approach, the dissection was progressed from medial to the lateral direction through the retrotympanum focusing the anterior-medial side of the mastoid segment of facial nerve. Whereas in anterior-lateral approach, the dissection was progressed from lateral to the medial direction through the posterior canal wall focusing the anterior-lateral side of the mastoid segment of facial nerve. In both approaches, the pyramidal eminence was considered as an anatomical landmark to navigate the dissection for the excavation of the mastoid segment of facial nerve.
Main outcome measures: The efficacy of each approach in respect of the complete excavation of the mastoid segment of facial nerve and the worthiness of the pyramidal eminence as the landmark for navigating the dissection.
Results: In both transcanal endoscopic approaches, the entire mastoid segment of facial nerve could be exposed successfully. But in anterior-medial approach, the chorda tympani nerve was needed to be sacrificed. The search of the mastoid segment of facial nerve with the guidance of the pyramidal eminence was observed as effective and safe.
Conclusion: The entire mastoid segment of facial nerve could be successfully addressed through transcanal route under pure endoscopic guidance. The pyramidal eminence has appeared as an important landmark for such endeavor.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2019; 25(2): 108-115
ANALISIS TENTANG HAK IMUNITAS HUKUM PROFESI ADVOKAT DALAM PENANGANAN KASUS PIDANA
Authors: Tania Pratiwi Dita , Meilina Lubis Manertiur
Published: February 2020

Advokat adalah profesi hukum yang terhormat (officium mobile) dimana tata cara pekerjaannya diatur dalam Kode Etik Profesi Advokat dan Undang Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 tentang Advokat. Dalam perwujudannya profesi tersebut ternyata tidak selalu berlangsung dengan sendirinya sebagai konsekuensi dari keyakinan pada pentingnya fungsi-fungsi itu, melainkan sangat dipengaruhi oleh berinteraksinya berbagai kekuatan kemasyarakatan. Dalam tulisan ini penulis akan membahas permasalahan mengenai etika profesi penegak hukum khusus nya profesi advokat sebagai kuasa hukum yang dikaitkan dengan hak imunitas kuasa hukum. Dewasa ini, permasalahan terkait hak imunitasi kuasa hukum mulai bermunculan kepermukaan. Pada awal tahun 2018, Fredrich Yunadi selaku mantan kuasa hukum Setya Novanto diduga melakukan perbuatan merintangi penyidikan korupsi dengan menyembunyikan barang bukti dari kasus elektronik KTP (e-KTP) yang diduga dilakukan oleh Setya Novanto. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan fakta tentang seberapa besar kekebalan hukum yang dimiliki oleh seorang pemegang kuasa dari sebuah kasus dengan studi kasus e-KTP oleh Setya Novanto, tak hanya itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekuatan hak imunitas profesi advokat dalam menangani kasus pidana. Penelitian ini mengimplementasikan metode normatif di mana sumber analisa berasal dari teori-teori yang ada dalam pustaka dan undang-undang yang berlaku terkait dengan kasus ini.
Reconstructing summer upper-level flow in the northern Rocky Mountains using an alpine larch tree-ring chronology
Authors: Montpellier EE , Soulé PT , Knapp PA , Baker Perry L
Published: February 2020

Mid-latitude mesoscale weather during the climatological summer is strongly influenced by fluctuations in synoptic-scale circulation patterns. Previous research has linked Arctic amplification to alterations in summer synoptic climatology, leading to more extreme weather events in the mid-latitudes. In this study, seasonal (JJA) upper-level (500 hPa) atmospheric flow is reconstructed in the mid-latitudes using an alpine larch Larix lyallii Parl. tree-ring chronology sampled from western Montana. Significant relationships were found between alpine larch radial growth and upper-level flow patterns derived from the North American Regional Reanalysis dataset (1979-2015). Meridional and zonal flows that manifest in ridging are associated with enhanced radial growth of alpine larch (i.e. meridional flow west [r = 0.504, p = 0.001] and zonal flow north [r = 0.642, p < 0.001] of the study site). Meridional and zonal flows associated with troughing result in decreased radial growth (i.e. meridional flow east [r = -0.497, p = 0.001] and zonal flow south [r = -0.584, p < 0.001] of the study site). Using the leave-one-out method, a linear regression model was calibrated and verified between a principal component analysis score derived from measurements of upper-level flow in western North America and alpine larch tree growth. The 444 yr climate reconstruction of summer 500 hPa flow suggests that ridging is becoming more intense over the western United States and Canada since the 1980s.
A Novel Single Compartment In Vitro Model for Electrophysiological Research Using the Perfluorocarbon FC-770
Authors: CHOUDHARY M. , CLAVICA F. , VAN MASTRIGT R. , VAN ASSELT E.
Published: February 2020

Electrophysiological studies of whole organ systems in vitro often require measurement of nerve activity and/or stimulation of the organ via the associated nerves. Currently two-compartment setups are used for such studies. These setups are complicated and require two fluids in two separate compartments and stretching the nerve across one chamber to the other, which may damage the nerves. We aimed at developing a simple single compartment setup by testing the electrophysiological properties of FC-770 (a perfluorocarbon) for in vitro recording of bladder afferent nerve activity and electrical stimulation of the bladder. Perflurocarbons are especially suitable for such a setup because of their high oxygen carrying capacity and insulating properties. In male Wistar rats, afferent nerve activity was recorded from postganglionic branches of the pelvic nerve in vitro, in situ and in vivo. The bladder was stimulated electrically via the efferent nerves. Organ viability was monitored by recording spontaneous contractions of the bladder. Additionally, histological examinations were done to test the effect of FC-770 on the bladder tissue. Afferent nerve activity was successfully recorded in a total of 11 rats. The bladders were stimulated electrically and high amplitude contractions were evoked. Histological examinations and monitoring of spontaneous contractions showed that FC-770 maintained organ viability and did not cause damage to the tissue. We have shown that FC-770 enables a simple, one compartment in vitro alternative for the generally used two compartment setups for whole organ electrophysiological studies.