bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Free amino acids and sugars in the flower of Carthamus tinctorius L.
Authors: Takahasi Yoshiyuki , Yukita Manabu , Wada Mizu , Takahashi Masato , Fukushima Akiyoshi , Taguchi Hideyuki , Saito Koshi
Published: February 2014

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of free amino acids and sugars in the extracts from freshly collected florets of Carthamus tinctorius L. were performed by combination of thin-layer chromatography (TLC), automatic amino acid analysis and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Sixteen amino acids were detected and their quantitative relations were investigated. Alditol acetate derivatives of free sugars were examined by GLC. The retention time and resolution pattern of the following monosaccharides, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose and glucose, were ultimately investigated.
The effects of lead on the gaseous exchange and photosynthetic carbon metabolism of pea seedlings
Authors: Poskuta Jerzy W. , Parys Eugeniusz , Romanowska Elżbieta
Published: February 2014

Roots of whole 3 week-old pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L.) var. "Bordi" were immersed for 24 h in solutions of lead chloride at Pb copcentrations of 200, 400, 800,12000 mg dm3. Accumulation of lead in roots was independent of the Pb concentration, whereas the accumulation of Pb in shoots was an almost linear function of the concentration of this element in the root medium. This treatment caused Pb concentration-dependent inhibition of apparent photosynthesis (APS), photorespiration (PR), 14CO2 uptake, stomatal opening and transpiration of shoots and also germination of seeds. The most sensitive to Pb contamination was CO2 exchange, then transpiration and to a lesser degree germination of seeds. Lead caused a considerable alteration of photosynthetic and photorespiratory carbon metabolism, restricted the 14C-labeling of: phosphoglycerate, ribose+ribulose, sucrose, glycolate and glycine+serine. Under conditions of C02 uptake limited by lead, an enhancement of the 14C-labeling of malate+citrate, alanine and glucose was observed.
Materials to the Zygnemaceae of Poland. I. Development cycle and supplementation of diagnosis of Zygnema allorgei Gauthier-Lievre 1965, a species new for the European flora
Authors: Kadłubowska Joanna Z.
Published: February 2014

In the water sample taken on September 7, 1976 from the pond in Głowno (Łódź District) filaments of Zygnema were found in vegetative stage. In culture a full development cycle of this alga was observed: vegetative filaments, conjugation, zygotes and their germination. The taxon was identified as Zygnema allorgei Gauthier-Lievre. Its diagnosis was supplemented. It is the second site of occurance of the species in the world. Z. allorgei was described for the first time in 1965 in Algeria.
Anatomical-morphological changes in Glyceria aquatica (L.) Wahlb. and Phalaris arundinacea L. growing in the zone inundated by the Kwiecko lake
Authors: Śpiewakowski Eugeniusz R. , Wielicka Maria , Piasecki Józef
Published: February 2014

Morphological-anatomical changes are described in the shoots of Glyceria aquatica and Phalaris arundinacea. These grasses encroach upon the zone inundated by the lake Kwiecko which is the lower reservoir of the Hydroelectric Plant Żydowo. The interaction of habitat and anthropogenic factors causes disturbances in the physiology of reproduction in the above mentioned plants and produces changes in their external and internal structure. Both species form in the zone inundated by the lake vegetative shoots exclusively, with profuse aerial tillering at the apical meristems. The morphological changes consist in shortening of the shoots and multiplication of the internodes. In the internal structure a narrowing of the ring of sclerenchyma, a shift of the vascular bundles into the sclerenchyma and an increase of its layer and air channels are observed.
Iva xanthiifolia Nutt. and its communities within Warsaw
Authors: Sudnik-Wójcikowska Barbara
Published: February 2014

Iva xanthiifolia Nutt., a north-American therophyte has been recorded in Warsaw only for the last 25-40 years. Here, it occurs as a ruderal epoecophyte. It may be considered as an invasive species in the town as it spreads very quickly. The paper represents the attempt at the determination of the coenological amplitude of Iva xanthiifolia Nutt. It also considers syntaxonomic affiliation of the communities with this species on the grounds of the deductive method of syntaxonomic classification of anthropogenic plant communities.
Allelopathy in two species of Chenopodium -inhibition of germination and seedling growth of certain weeds
Authors: Datta Subhash C. , Ghosh Kaasi N.
Published: February 2014

The activity of washed leaf and inflorescence material of Chenopodium ambrosioides and C. murale, decaying leaves and inflorescences, and field soils collected beneath Chenopodium plants were examined in terms of the inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of five weeds, viz. Abutilon indicum, Cassia sophera var. purpurea, C. tora, Evolvulus numularius and Tephrosia hamiltonii. The allelopathic pattern varied in each of the two test species and this depended on the type of test matter. However, the germination as well as the root and hypocotyl growth of A. indicum and E. nummularius were more hampered by phytotoxins or inhibitors from Chenopodium than were the other weeds. Since the leaf and inflorescence of Chenopodium formed the source of inhibitors, the respective plant-parts from the two species were chemically analysed and the presence of three terpenes (p-cymene, ascaridole and aritazone) from C. ambrosioides and an organic acid (oxalic acid) from C. murale were implicated in the allelopathic effect.
The effect of ABA and AMO-1618 on the preharvest sprouting of triticale caryopses
Authors: Weidner Stanisław
Published: February 2014

The experiments were conducted on developing triticale var. Grado caryopses. Treatment of freshly gathered, unripe triticale caryopses with abscisic acid (ABA) decreased their precocious germination throughout the entire period of development and ripening. The more mature the embryos that were germinated, the lower the inhibition by ABA. This indicates that the sensitivity of the embryo to ABA decreases during the course of caryopsis development and that the role that this hormone can play in the prevention of spouting in ears during the final stages of maturation, is limited. A known inhibitor of gibberellin synthesis, the retardant AMO-1618, was also tested in these experiments. This compound caused the reduction of germination capability only in the initial stages of development of triticale caryopses. Its most visible effect was noted during the germination of caryopses collected 30 days after flowering. The effect of this compound on the precocious germination of isolated embryos also decreased as the degree of maturity of these embryos increased. In the opinion of this author, this is connected with the fact that intense gibberellin synthesis and accumulation occurs only in the early stages of caryopsis development.
Factors affecting morphogenetic potential in oilseed rape roots of the Skrzeszowicki and Start cultivars
Authors: Rogozińska Janina , Sznajderowska Małgorzata , Drozdowska Lucyna
Published: February 2014

The effect of the origin of root segments, seedling age, growth substances and gelled or liquid media were tested in respect to the morphogenetic potential of rape root segments of Skrzeszowicki (high glucosinolate content) and Start (low glucosinolate content) cultivars. Callus and roots were formed on all root segments after an approximately 2 week growth period; buds were formed after ca. 4 weeks only on segments adjacent to the hypocotyl. Higher concentrations of auxin and cytokinins were required for bud induction. Cultivar differences in the morphogenetic responses of the root segments were found. They were manifested by the more abundant callus formation (BAP+NAA) and more numerous lateral roots and buds (KIN+IBA) on segments from the Skrzeszowicki cultivar than from the Start cultivar.
The effect of cambial zone isolation upon the autolytic system in maturing tracheids of pine (Pinus silvestris L.)
Authors: Zakrzewski Jacek , Rakowski Krzysztof
Published: February 2014

The autolytic protease system in maturing tracheids of the main stem of Pinus silvestris was investigated after separation (using surgical methods) of the cambial zone from the layer of differentiating xylem, in combination with decapitation and IAA application. Separation of the cambium prevented autolysis of the protoplast in maturing tracheids, although the specific activity of proteases was little reduced. It was found that a radial or longitudinal concentration gradient of exogenously applied auxin was not responsible for autolysis, but that it could influence the level of extracted protein, and proteolytic activity. Similarly, decapitation modified, only to small degree, the effects of the cambium separation. Thus, the data from this experiment lead to the conclusion that integration of all cells in the region of xylem formation is a crucial factor for the start of autolytic protoplast breakdown. Possible involvement of auxin waves in the transfer of the positional information for this process is suggested.
Volatile oil analysis of spruce galls caused by Sacchiphantes viridis Ratz.
Authors: Miszta Alicja
Published: February 2014

The results of the analysis of volatile oil obtained from galls caused by Sacchiphantes viridis are presented in this paper. It was found that galls contain more oil than normal shoots. The composition of the oil obtained from galls differs significantly from that of normal shoots. The differences observed in the amount of camphene. β-pinene, myrcene, 3-carene, unidentinfied compounds 14 and 17, camphor, fenchyl alcohol, borneol and citronellol seem to be connected with the deterioration of central resin canals in the stem cortex during the development of galls and with the formation of new and very numerous canals in the bases of the differentiated gall leaves.
Precocious germination and its regulation in embryos of triticale caryopses
Authors: Weidner Stanisław
Published: February 2014

Triticale var. Lasko embryos, isolated from grain gathered at milk ripeness, the beginning of wax ripeness and at full ripeness, were allowed to germinate for 48 h on agar with glucose. The highest incorporation of tritiated adenosine into polyribosomal RNA during germination was found in the ribosome fractions from embryos of grain gathered at full ripeness, lower incorporation was in preparations from embryos of milk ripe grain and the lowest in preparations from embryos of wax ripe grain. Different tendencies were observed in respect to the synthesis of ribosomal proteins. The highest incorporation of 14C-amino acids into ribosomal proteins was found in preparations of ribosome fractions from embryos of milk ripe grain, lower in preparations of embryos from fully ripe grain, the lowest in preparations of embryos from wax ripe grain. ABA (10-4 M) completely inhibited the external symptoms of germination of immature embryos, while its inhibition of the synthesis of polyribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins was greater the more mature the embryos that were germinated. The greatest stimulation of precocious germination by exogenous BA and GA3 was demonstrated in the least mature embryos isolated from milk ripe grain. Under the influence of both stimulators, an increase of the proportion of polyribosomes in the total ribosome fraction occurred in this sample, as did a rise in the intensity of ribosomal protein synthesis. The incorporation of 3H-adenosine into polyribosomal RNA, however, was lower than in the control sample. The results obtained suggest that the regulation of precocious germination of triticale embryos by phyto-hormones is not directly related to transcription.
Adsorption of plant phenols by polystyrene resins
Authors: Fukushima Akiyoshi , Hase Hioaki , Saito Koshi
Published: February 2014

Adsorption of nine plant phenols by nine polystyrene ion-exchange resins was investigated in an experimental model system. The phenols were adsorbed by Amberlite CG-120 more efficiently than any other acidically charged resins tested in this study. They were also taken up by anion exchangers. Among them Dowex 1-X8 was found to show the strongest effect on the adsorption of the phenolic constituents applied. A comparison of the efficiency of plant phenol adsorption between two different types of the synthetic polymers revealed that the basically charged polystyrenes had more prefarable affinities for phenols than cation exchangers. For example, the ratio of the efficiency between Amberlite CG-120 and Dowex 1-X8 was roughly calculated to be 3:7 under the present experimental conditions. The adsorption rate of the test phenols was raised mostly by increasing the amount of the resins added, if they were mixed with effective polymers in the incubation model system.
Changes in the species composition and structure of the herb layer of a thermophilous oak forest subject to clear cutting
Authors: Andrzejewski Hieronim
Published: February 2014

Changes in the herb layer of a thermophilous oak forest (Potentillo albae-Quercetum), subject to clear cutting and artificial reforestation with Scotch pine monoculture, were analysed by a comparative method. It was found that cutting of a tree stand and underbrush did not destroy phytocoenose totally. Floristically-rich clearance communities resembled in their composition and structure the ground layer of an natural form of an oak forest. The regress of the herb layer took place several years later in a young pine stand. Then, a compact tree canopy highly restricted light inflow to the bottom of a forest. Later, thinning of a forest stand enabled the herb layer to regenerate. Nevertheless, even 60 years after clear cutting it significantly differed from the herb layer of a natural oak forest.
Rape embryogenesis. V. Accumulation of lipid bodies
Authors: Tykarska Teresa
Published: February 2014

In embryo of winter rape var. Górczański lipid bodies have been observed in the light microscope starting from two-celled proembryo. Their number and size increase in the course of embryogenesis, especially since greening of endosperm and embryo. Lipid bodies, either single or in clusters, are present in all embryo cells, the clusters occur in various parts of the cytoplasm. During embryo maturation lipid bodies move and locate in a number of layers by the cell wall. At the same time their appearance change. Typical storage lipids originate. Lipid bodies are unevenly distributed within the embryo: their number and size decrease along the embryo axis from its part below cotyledons towards root apex. Moreover, they are histologically diversified: the biggest are located in epidermis and cortex, whereas the smallest -in central cylinder. In columella there are fewest lipid bodies.
Transition areas in the domain patterns of storeyed cambium of Tilia cordata Mill.
Authors: Włoch Wiesław
Published: February 2014

The occurrence of interlocked grain, generated by storeyed cambium, was observed in the wood of linden. The inclination of the grain changed periodically every two to four years. In general, the direction of the change of grain was compatible with the occurrence of configuration Z or S of cellular events. 1f, in the cambium during the generation of a growth ring, the domain border did not pass the examined area, the events were of one configuration type only, otherwise, there were two types of events aggregated into microareas. The microareas were the result of unsynchronous activities of groups of cambium cells. A growth ring area through which a domain border passed during the year under consideration was called the transition area.
Development, structure and senescence of colleters in Gardenia lucida Roxb. (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Dave Yash , Kuriachen P. M. , Vinoth Thomas
Published: February 2014

Colleters are found on the adaxial basal part of the stipule and calyx of Gardenia lucida. They secrete a yellow transparent resinous substance commonly known as "Dikamali gum". They develop on both the stipule and calyx from a group of epidermal and hypodermal initials. A mature colleter consists of a central core of elongated parenchymatous cells surrounded by a palisade-like secretory epidermis. Druses type crystals of calcium oxalate are frequent in the colleters. At the time of senescence the central cells show lignification and the presence of tannin.
The morphology of hairs in species of Plantago L. Sections: Leucopsyllium Decne and Hymenopsyllium Pilger
Authors: Andrzejewska-Golec Emilia , Świętosławski Jacek
Published: February 2014

The hairs of the following representatives of the genus Plantago were studied: Plantago ovata Forsk., P. hookeriana Fisch. et Mey. (sectio Leucopsyllium Decne) and P. bellardii All. (sectio Hymenopsyllium Pilger). The occurrence of 3 types of headed hairs and 4 types of headless hairs was observed. P. bellardii is characterized by the presence of hairs with an unicellular, flask-shaped head and a four-celled stalk on a calyx and bract. Until now this type of hair has not been described in the representatives of the genus Plantago. The presence of appendices joining particular cells of the hair is the common feature of the studied taxa, which at present seems to distinguish the above-mentioned sections from other sections of the genus Plantago. The results of our study, similarly as the chemotaxonomic studies of Gorenf1ot and Bourdu (1962) confirm Pilger's accuracy in excluding P. bellardii from the sectio Leucopsyllium and formation of a distinct sectio Hymenopsyllium Pilger.
Callose formation in injured cells of the vegetative and generative thallus of Chara vulgaris L. Absence of callose in the process of cytodifferentiation
Authors: Godlewski Mirosław
Published: February 2014

In an alga Chara vulgaris L. the processes of differentiation of vegetative system cells of the thallus, and initiation and development of generative organs are not associated with callose formation. It was demonstrated that damage to any of the somatic cells and also generative and nongenerative cells of the antheridium and oogonium are capable of callose formation independently of their developmental stage. The localisation and thickness of these layers depend on the way the cells are injured and on their size. The protective role of callose in such cells may consist, beside strengthening the damaged walls, in protection of the symplast by formation of callose deposits on the walls with plasmodesmata; it may also consist in increasing the water potential of the cells. Experiments in which callose deposition was provoked by pressing of the cells or damage leading to a sudden increase of the water potential of the extracellular environment suggest that a sudden increase of tension in the cells may be a factor triggering the "callose effect".
Arrangement of vascular tissues in the peduncle of avocado (Persea americana Mill.)
Authors: Espinosa-Flores Amando , Jankiewicz Leszek S. , Salazar-Garia Samuel
Published: February 2014

In all three investigated cultivars, the thin part of the peduncle which originates from the inflorescence axes contained a continuous cylinder of vascular tissue interrupted only occasionally by the gaps accompanying the traces of already abscised ramifications of the inflorescence. In the cvs. Principe Negro and Fuerte, the most distal, "thick" part of the peduncle (where the tepal traces separate) contained the vascular cylinder transformed into a group of concentric or semicircular bundles. These bundles joined anew at the point where the peduncle united with the fruit, forming once more a continuous cylinder of vascular tissues. Within the fruit, the vascular cylinder divided into numerous bundles penetrating the pulp. In cv. Hass the vascular cylinder was continuous in a11 parts of the peduncle, and was interrupted only occasionally by gaps.
Phytochemical studies of the herb, Tragopogon orientalis L. (Asteraceae). 1. The components of a petroleum ether extract
Authors: Krzaczek Tadeusz , Smolarz Helena D.
Published: February 2014

Hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, triterpenes and sterols were shown to occur in the herb, Tragopogon orientalis L. The following were obtained in crystalline form: n-triacontan, hexacosanol, (β-amyrin and lupeol. The presence of (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, cholesterol and four unidentified sterols was demonstrated by gas chromatography.
Capsella bursa + pastoris (L.) Med. - another weed resistant to Simazine?
Authors: Lipecki Janusz
Published: February 2014

Biotypes of Capsella bursa-pastoris resistant to Simazine were found in orchards in the Lublin region in the years 1984-1986. This resistance was confirmed in pot experiments in 1986. Capsella bursa-pastoris L. has not been listed up to now among species in which such a resistance was found.
Allium test - some questions
Authors: Wierzbicka Małgorzata , Antosiewicz Danuta
Published: February 2014

The paper concerns some problems connected with the experiments with the use of the Allium test. The variation degree of the material analysed is also presented. For the sake of standard experiments using the Allium test, it is suggested to grow onion bulbs in deionized water or in Hoagland nutrient. Taking as an example the lead compounds, the paper proves that the kind of water which has been used to prepare the analyzed solution affects significantly the toxicity level of the tested compound. This may be the reason why the results of experiments made by various researchers are incomparable. The differences in metabolism between individual roots are studied as well, both in the control and the exprimental materials. Eventually, it is suggested that the roots of each bulb should be treated individually in all Allium test experiments. The presented approach largely increases accuracy and repeatability of the Allium test results.
Preliminary research on lead absorption and translocation in root tip cells of Populus nigra "Italica" Moench.
Authors: Idzikowska Krystyna
Published: February 2014

Observations were carried out to define the place of lead absorption within three regions of the poplar adventitious root tip (Populus nigra "Italica" Moench.) after 24-hour exposure to a solution of Pb(N03)2 (25 mg dm-3 Pb). Deposits of lead were not observed in certain cells of the apical part of the meristem. In other cells, lead deposits were first observed in the lumen of several endomembrane compartments - the endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomal stacks and nuclear envelope. Certain differences were noted in the amount of deposits in protoplasts with varied electron density. In the cells with greater deposits, lead was also observed in the cytoplasm, the mitochondria and the paramural bodies. Practically no lead precipitated in the cell wall. The presence of lead in the form of small deposit granules in the plasmodesmata may suggest transfer from cell to cell.
A developmental study on the cyathial nectaries in Euphorbia thymifolia L.
Authors: Arumugasamy Karuppana , Inamdar Jayant A.
Published: February 2014

Four cyathial nectaries were found at the inside tip of the involucre in Euphorbia thymifolia L. The cyathial nectaries developed from a group of epidermal and hypodermal cells belonging to the involucre. Three regions could be distinguished in each nectary viz.: 1) a single layer of palisade-like epithetial cells, 2) one or two layers of stalk cells, and 3) basal parenchymatous cells. Starch grains and proteins were localized in the epithelial and stalk cells, but not in the basal cells. The enzymes, acid phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase were also localized.
Nuclear DNA endoreplication and plastid index in mesophyll of some dicotyledonous species
Authors: Damsz Barbara , Łuchniak Piotr
Published: February 2014

Cytophotometric studies of nuclear DNA content after Feulgen procedure indicate that in mesophyll of all the seven studied species the highest nuclear DNA endoreplication level occurs in II or III leaf and it varies for particular species. No differences were found in nuclear DNA endoreplication dynamics between the basal and apical parts of the leaf blade. Chloroplast number per cell generally decreases in the successive leaves, and the plastid index is the smallest in the first (oldest) leaves, being similar in both zones. In four species chloroplast number and plastid index show relatively low negative correlation with nuclear DNA contents (expressed as endoreplication index), in two species this correlation is positive, and one species displays very low r value.
Sodium cacodylate as antimitotic agent
Authors: Tarkowska Jadwiga A.
Published: February 2014

The effect of pure sodium cacodylate on dividing cells was studied. The root meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. (the roots were squashed in acetoorcein) and endosperm cells of Haemanthus katherinae Bak. (in vitro observations) were used. Serious disturbances in karyokinesis and cytokinesis were found that led most often to the formation of polyploid or multinucleate (A. cepa) cells. These results point to damage of the mitotic spindle and phragmoplast. Careful use of cacodylate buffer in ultrastructural studies of microtubules is advised.
Recession of Tussilago farfara (L.) population from the agro coenose as a result of cultivation abandonment. I The effect of fallowing on population dynamics
Authors: Namura-Ochalska Anna
Published: February 2014

The paper evaluates the effect of fallowing on seasonal and multiyear dynamics, as well as on the spatial structure of Tussilago farfara population. In four years turfing and rapid increase in the size of grass populations - those of Agropyron repens (L.) PB. and Dactylis glomerata caused the elimination of Tussilago farfara population. The studies have showed that a decrease in the population size resulted from hampering of both vegetative and generative reproduction. The interspecific competition for available space seems to be a crucial factor limiting emergence of new shoots. In the agrocoenose big population size of Tussilago farfara remained throughout the studies.
Acyl lipids in the supramolecular chlorophyll-protein complexes of photosystems - isolation artifacts or integral components regulating their structure and functions?
Authors: Krupa Zbigniew
Published: February 2014

The precise nature of interactions between the chloropnyll-protein complexes related to photosystem I or photosystem II and the acyl lipids in the thylakoid membranes is not yet fully elucidated. Analyses of the lipid content of isolated photosystem supramolecular complexes reveal that they are integral components of these complexes. However, the relations between certain acyl lipids and the specific structure and functions of the complexes investigated are still widely discussed. The most generally accepted phenomenon is the fact of participation of phosphatidylglycerol containing the unique trans-Δ3 -hexadecenoic acid in the oligomerization of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex II.
Callus culture and micropropagation of Eustoma grandiflorum Shinn.
Authors: Skrzypczak Lutosława , Wesołowska Maria , Thiem Barbara
Published: February 2014

Regenerated plants and callus tissue were obtained by embryo culture and micropropagation of explants from shoots and leaves of Eustoma grandiflorum Shinn. (Gentianaceae), a medicinal plant. This species, which does not naturally occur in this country, but is found in the southwestern regions of North America, can be propagated in vitro in a relatively short time. Regenerated plants were obtained in amounts enabling extensive phytochemical analyses to be conducted.
Investigations on carotenoids in lichens. XXII. Lichens from the Upper Tracja Valley (Bulgaria)
Authors: Czeczuga Bazyli
Published: February 2014

Column and thin-layer chromatography were used to study the occurrence of various carotenoids in 17 lichen, species collected in the Upper Tracja Valley in Bulgaria. The following carotenoids were found: lycoxanthin, lycophyll, α-, β-carotene, rubixanthin, α-, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lutein epoxide, β-carotene epoxide, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, canthaxanthin, adonixanthin, α-doradexanthin, phoenicoxanthin, mutatochrome, mutato-xanthin, diatoxanthin and neoxanthin. The total carotenoid contents ranged from 5.737 (Peltigera horizontalis) to 63.659 µg g-1 dry weight (Xanthoria perietina).
Effect of lead on nitrate reductase activity and nitrate assimilation in pea leaves
Authors: Sinha S. K. , Srivastava H. S. , Mishra S. N.
Published: February 2014

The effect of Pb on nitrate reductase activity, protein, total organic nitrogen and on the chlorophyll content in excised and intact leaf tissues of Pisum sativum was examine. Enzyme activity assayed in vitro or in vivo in the excised leaves showed marked increase at lower concentrations of Pb while being inhibited at higher concentrations. In intact leaf tissues, the enzyme activity (in vivo or in vitro) was unaffected at lower concentrations but was inhibited at higher concentrations of Pb. Chlorophyll, carotenoids (non-nitrogenous pigments), soluble protein and organic nitrogen contents remained almost unaffected at all concentrations of Pb tested. It seems that nitrate reductase has a different response towards Pb pollution in this species, which is more tolerant to heavy metal pollution, especially Pb.
Nutritive value of tomatillo fruit (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.)
Authors: Ostrzycka Joanna , Horbowicz Marcin , Dobrzański Włodzimierz , Jankiewicz Leszek S. , Borkowski Jan
Published: February 2014

Tomatillo is widely cultivated in Mexico but is little known in other countries. The chemical composition of fruit from field grown plants was investigated during several vegetative seasons. Tomatillo contained a relatively high percentage of dry matter (7-10%) and extract (6.6-7.4%). Its potassium content was lower than that of tomato growing in the same conditions. The content of iron was higher, and that of other elements was comparable, depending on the conditions during the given year. The total sugar content amounted to 2.8-5.7%, depending on the selected population. The percentage of glucose and fructose decreased during ripening and that of saccharose increased. The content of pectic substances was similar as in tomato but the proportions of particular fractions was different. Tomatillo contained more acids than tomato, and showed an especially high citric and malic acid content. The latter decreased drastically during ripening. The content of oxalic acid was 11-18 mg 100 g-1 in ripe fruit and up to 54 mg in unripe. The vitamin C content depended on the selected population and amounted to 8-21 mg 100 g-1, dehydroascorbic acid prevailing. The content of vitamin PP was 0.8-1.3 mg 100 g-1.
Studies on the role of gibberellins in the regulation of spermatogenesis in Chara vulgaris L.
Authors: Kwiatkowska Maria , Godlewski Mirosław
Published: February 2014

Antheridia from isolated nodes of Chara vulgaris, developing in the presence of either AMO-1618 or GA3, were studied. AMO-1618 which lowers the level of endogenous gibberellins causes a significant, proportional to the concentration, reduction in: 1) the number of antheridial filaments formed in antheridia, 2) spermatid number within a filament, as a result of eliminating one mitotic division at the first stage of spermatogenesis. Exogenous GA3 at the concentration 10-5 M evokes opposite effect i.e. increase in the number of antheridial filaments and increase in the number of spermatids within filament. Total number of spermatids within an antheridium decreases under the influence of 10-4M AMO-1618 three times in comparison with the control, whereas it increases twice following 10-5M GA3 treatment. It has been suggested that the normal course of spermatogenesis requires precisely determined level of endogenous gibberellins.
Biosystematic studies on Dactylis L. 2. Original research. 2.1. Morphological differentiation and occurrence of representatives of the genus Dactylis in Poland. 2.1.2. Distribution of Dactylis glomerata subsp. slovenica (Dom.) Dom. in Poland and adjacent regions
Authors: Mizianty Marta
Published: February 2014

This paper presents the results of analysis of herbarium materials from Poland, Czechoslovakia, the USSR, East Germany and belonging to the author, as well as data from literature dealing with the distribution of D. glomerata subsp. slovenica (Dom.) Dom. in Poland and adjacent regions. It was found that D.g. subsp. slovenica occurs in 33 localities (30 herbarium and 3 literature) in Poland. The distribution of this subspecies is presented for the first time for Poland. All the localities of D.g. subsp. slovenica were found in the mountainous parts of Poland (Sudety Mts. and the Carpathians). In territories adjacent to Poland, D.g. subsp. slovenica was found in the Czech Massif and in many stands in the Western and Eastern Carpathians and also in Roztocze Upland.
Aggregations of organelles in meiotic cells of higher plants
Authors: Rodkiewicz Bohdan , Duda Ewa
Published: February 2014

During early prophase I in microsporocytes and sporocytes of various plants all mitochondria and plastids aggregate in a group, where some plastids seem to undergo division. This group desintegrates by middle prophase I. Further aggregations of plastids and mitochondria occur in microsporogenesis and sporogenesis is of a simultaneous type. Organelles aggregate the second time at the end of prophase 1 and during or after telophase I they form a dense equatorial plate which lasts until telophase IL Since the phragmoplast is dismantled after telophase I and there is no cytokinesis, organelles aggregated in the plate apparently prevent merging of the nuclei and spindles of meiosis II, thus taking over a role of a phragmoplast and cell wall. In some plants after telophase II organelle aggregation changes shape and occupies the planes where cell walls will be built in simultaneous cytokinesis. Positioning of plastids and mitochondria along these planes may facilitate their equal apportionment among the postmeiotic cells.
Reseña: La realidad aumentada y su aplicación en el patrimonio cultural
Authors: Fernández Moreno Ana I.
Published: February 2014

La trascendencia del discurso de las nuevas tecnologías en el mundo actual es un tema delicado, habiendo posiciones encontradas en cuanto a su utilización y hegemonía. Sin embargo, la investigación de David Ruiz Torres nos lleva por otros derroteros. Más allá de ningún posicionamiento, el autor expone e ilustra con clarificadores ejemplos el concepto de realidad aumentada (AR), facilitándonos una definición propia: «tecnología que combina el mundo real con información generada por ordenador, obteniendo una percepción mejorada o aumentada del mismo, en la que esa información debe tener un registro tridimensional e insertarse en el entorno real del usuario de forma que ofrezca una impresión realista en la fusión de ambos mundos, de modo que pueda interactuar como si se tratase de elementos físicos reales».Y desde luego, logra el objetivo de ubicarla en el contexto de la disciplina humanística, apuntando una serie de posibilidades prometedoras en el ámbito cultural, patrimonial y museístico. Su texto es el resultado de una profunda lectura de selectos documentos consagrados a esta materia, pero sobre todo, es un compendio descriptivo de experiencias producto de esta novedosa tecnología.
N–H related defects in GaAsN grown through chemical beam epitaxy
Authors: Ohshita Yoshio , Ikeda Kazuma , Suzuki Hidetoshi , Machida Hideaki , Sudoh Hiroshi , Tanaka Tomohiro , Honda Takahiko , Inagaki Makoto , Yamaguchi Masafumi
Published: February 2014

The local vibration modes of N–H related defects in GaAsN are studied using isotopes. When GaAsN is grown through chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) using triethylgallium/tris(dimethylamino)arsenic/monomethylhydrazine gas, there are several local vibration modes (LVMs) in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Signals with stretching mode peaks at 2952, 3098, and 3125 cm−1 are reported, along with new wagging and stretching mode peaks at 960 and 3011 cm−1, which exist only in crystals grown through CBE. When the film is grown using deuterated MMHy as a nitrogen source, new peaks at 2206, 2302, 2318, 2245, and 714 cm−1 appear. This suggests that D related defects are created because of the deuterated MMHy. The ratios of frequencies of these new peaks to those obtained from crystals grown using MMHy are nearly 1.34. This suggests that all defects in GaAsN grown through CBE, which appear as LVMs, are N–H related defects. Especially, those with LVMs at 960 and 3011 cm−1 are new N–H defects only found in GaAsN grown through CBE.
Website Content and Funding of Officially Recognized Disease Awareness Campaigns
Authors: Johansson Minna , Albarqouni Loai , O’Keeffe Mary , Jørgensen Karsten Juhl , Woloshin Steven
Published: July 2024

This study examines the content, including mention of benefits and harms of testing and treatment, and funding of disease awareness campaign websites recognized by major noncommercial institutions.
Seizure Duration and Electroconvulsive Therapy in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Gillving Cecilia , Ekman Carl Johan , Hammar Åsa , Landén Mikael , Lundberg Johan , Movahed Rad Pouya , Nordanskog Pia , von Knorring Lars , Nordenskjöld Axel
Published: July 2024

Importance

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), wherein a generalized epileptic seizure is induced, is a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Currently, it is unclear whether there is an association between seizure length and treatment outcome.

Objective

To explore the association between seizure duration, potential confounding variables, and ECT treatment outcome.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study obtained data from the Swedish National Quality Register for ECT. Patients treated for unipolar MDD with unilateral electrode placement between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2019, were included. The electroencephalographic (EEG) seizure duration from the first ECT treatment session for each patient was used for analysis. Data analyses were performed between March 2021 and May 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was remission, defined as a cutoff score of less than 10 points on the self-assessment version of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale within 1 week after ECT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) between different seizure duration groups. Furthermore, the associations between concomitant use of pharmacological treatments, seizure duration, and remission rate were explored.

Results

Among the 6998 patients included, 4229 (60.4%) were female and the mean (SD) age was 55.2 (18.6) years. Overall, 2749 patients (39.3%) achieved remission after ECT. Patients with EEG seizure duration of 60 to 69 seconds had the highest remission rates compared with patients with seizure duration of less than 20 seconds (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.63-2.88; P < .001). Anticonvulsant medications were associated with shorter seizure duration (eg, lamotrigine: β coefficient [SE], −6.02 [1.08]; P < .001) and lower remission rates (eg, lamotrigine: adjusted OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53-0.84; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found an association between seizure length and remission from MDD. Use of anticonvulsant medication during ECT was associated with shorter seizure duration and lower remission rates after ECT.
B-Cell Maturation Antigen/CD19 Dual-Targeting Immunotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Qiang Wanting , Lu Jing , Jia Yanchun , Liu Jia , Liu Jin , He Haiyan , Wang Xiaoxiang , Fan Xiaoqiang , Jin Lina , Ruan Qianqi , Zhang Qi , Shen Lianjun , Weng Lihong , Cao Wei , Li Wenling , Du Juan
Published: July 2024

Importance

Patients with high-risk newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) often have poor outcomes with standard treatments, necessitating novel effective frontline therapies to enhance clinical outcomes. GC012F, a B-cell maturation antigen/CD19 dual-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, has been developed on the novel FasTCAR platform. Notably, its use as a frontline therapy for patients with high-risk NDMM who are eligible for transplant has not been thoroughly explored.

Objective

To examine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and patient health and survival outcomes associated with GC012F in individuals with NDMM.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Patients were enrolled in this single-arm, open-label phase 1 cohort study between June 28, 2021, and June 1, 2023 (the data cutoff date). All patients included in this study were treated at a single center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital. The patients in the efficacy evaluation were followed up for a minimum period of 3 months.

Intervention

Patients underwent 2 cycles of induction therapy, followed by GC012F infusion (at 1 × 105 cells/kg, 2 × 105 cells/kg, or 3 × 105 cells/kg).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary goals were to assess the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of GC012F at various dose levels.

Results

Of 22 patients receiving GC012F treatment, 6 experienced mild to moderate cytokine release syndrome (grade 1-2) and none experienced neurotoxic effects. Nineteen patients were included in the efficacy evaluation, and all 19 patients showed stringent complete responses and achieved minimal residual disease negativity. The treatment’s effectiveness was consistent across different dose levels. GC012F demonstrated a rapid response, with a median time to first stringent complete response of 84 days (range, 26-267 days) and achieving minimal residual disease negativity within 28 days (range, 23-135 days). The CAR T-cell expansion was robust, with a median peak copy number of 60 652 copies/μg genomic DNA (range, 8754-331 159 copies/μg genomic DNA), and the median time to median peak copy number was 10 days (range, 9-14 days).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this single-arm, open-label phase 1 cohort study suggest that GC012F may be a safe treatment associated with positive health and survival outcomes for patients with high-risk NDMM eligible for transplant. Owing to the small sample size, further studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up durations are needed.
Guttae Morphology After Cultured Corneal Endothelial Cell Transplant in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Tomioka Yasufumi , Ueno Morio , Yamamoto Akihisa , Numa Kohsaku , Tanaka Hiroshi , Kitazawa Koji , Toda Munetoyo , Koizumi Noriko , Tanaka Motomu , Hamuro Junji , Sotozono Chie , Kinoshita Shigeru
Published: July 2024

Importance

Whether guttae in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) can be removed by polishing without Descemet stripping and whether postoperative maintenance of reduced guttae can be achieved through cultured corneal endothelial cell (CEC) transplant therapy are critical issues to be addressed.

Objective

To investigate the decrease of guttae through polishing degenerated CECs and abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) without Descemet stripping and to observe the behavior of guttae following cultured CEC transplant.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This case series prospective observational study was conducted in a hospital outpatient clinic setting. Between December 2013 and January 2019, 22 eyes with corneal endothelial failure caused by FECD received cultured CEC transplant therapy at Kyoto Prefectural University Hospital. Of these, 15 eyes were consistently monitored at the same central corneal area during the preoperative phase, as well as in the early (within 1 year) and late (after 3 years) postoperative phases. The images from these phases were categorized into 3 groups: typical guttae, atypical guttae, and no guttae.

Exposures

Cultured CEC transplant therapy.

Main Outcomes

Proportion of guttae in the observable area was measured, comparing the early and late postoperative phases for each group.

Results

The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 69 years (range, 49-79 years). All 15 eyes exhibited the presence of confluent guttae preoperatively (100%). Among these, 3 of 15 eyes belonged to male patients. The early postoperative phase of guttae morphologies was classified into 3 groups: 5 eyes with typical guttae, 7 with atypical guttae, and 3 with no guttae. The decrease in the number of these guttae was achieved by surgical procedures. The median percentage of guttae in the typical guttae, atypical guttae, and no guttae groups was 41.8%, 44.4%, and 16.2%, respectively, in the early phase, and 42.2%, 38.2%, and 18.8%, respectively, in the late phase.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings demonstrate that in some cases of FECD, guttae can be removed by scraping and polishing abnormal ECM and degenerated CECs, while preserving the Descemet membrane. Furthermore, cultured CEC transplant resulted in no increase in guttae for up to 3 years, providing insights into surgically eliminating guttae.
Highly Efficient Blue/Deep‐blue Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence with Small Efficiency Roll‐Offs
Authors: Yan Yan , Cheng Zhuang , Xu Yangze , Su Zihan , Wang Yaxue , He Xin , Zhao Zujin , Liu Futong , Lu Ping
Published: July 2024

Developing efficient blue/deep‐blue circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) with small efficiency roll‐off remains a great challenge for wide color gamut and high contrast 3D displays. Here, two pairs of chiral stable enantiomers, (R/S)‐PPI‐OBN‐CN and (R/S)‐PyI‐OBN‐CN, composed of imidazole derivatives phenanthroimidazole (PPI) and pyrenoimidazole (PyI) donors, and chiral group of (R/S)‐octahydro‐binaphthol (OBN‐CN) acceptor are designed. These new blue/deep‐blue molecular architectures exhibit excellent thermal and electrochemical stabilities, hybrid local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited state, and clear CPL characteristics with dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) of 1.57 × 10−3/2.49 × 10−3 in the neat films. Moreover, the CP‐OLEDs based on (R/S)‐PPI‐OBN‐CN and (R/S)‐PyI‐OBN‐CN exhibit the deep‐blue/pure‐blue emission with the CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.08) and (0.15, 0.14), the maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 7.25% and 8.11% and very small efficiency roll‐offs of 17.6% and 1.8% at the luminescence of 1000 cd m−2, respectively. Even when the brightness is increased to 10000 cd m−2, (R/S)‐PyI‐OBN‐CN‐based device could still maintain as high as 6.68%. Obvious circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) activities with the EL dissymmetry factors (gEL) of +1.54 × 10−3/−1.63 × 10−3 and +1.95 × 10−3/−1.72 × 10−3 are also recorded. These are the first highly efficient blue/deep‐blue CP‐OLEDs based on “hot exciton” enantiomers.
Ultrahigh Responsivity and Robust Semiconducting Fiber Enabled by Molecular Soldering‐Governed Defect Engineering for Smart Textile Optoelectronics
Authors: Peng Hongyun , Liu Teng , Zhao Yinghe , Li Liang , Du Peipei , Li Huiqiao , Yan Feng , Zhai Tianyou
Published: July 2024

Semiconducting fibers (SCFs) are of significant interest to design next‐generation wearable and comfortable optoelectronics that seamlessly integrate with textiles. However, the practical applications of current SCFs are always limited by poor optoelectronic performance and low mechanical robustness caused by uncontrollable multiscale structural defects. Herein, a versatile in situ molecular soldering‐governed defect engineering strategy is proposed to construct ultrahigh responsivity and robust wet‐spun MoS2 SCFs, by using a π‐conjugated dithiolated molecule to simultaneously patch microscale sulfur vacancies within MoS2 nanosheets, diminish mesoscale interlayer voids/wrinkles, promote macroscale orientation, build long‐range photoelectron percolation bridges, and provide n‐doping effect. The derived MoS2 SCFs exhibit over two orders of magnitude higher responsivity (144.3 A W−1) than previously reported fiber photodetectors, 37.3‐fold faster photoresponse speed (52 ms) than pristine counterpart, and remarkable bending robustness (retain 94.2% of the initial photocurrent after 50 000 bending‐flattening cycles). Such superior robustness and photodetection capacity of MoS2 SCFs further enable large‐scale weaving of reliable smart textile optoelectronic systems, such as direction‐identifiable wireless light alarming system, modularized mechano‐optical communication system, and indoor light‐controlled IoT system. This work offers a universal strategy for the scalable production of mechanically robust and high‐performance SCFs, opening up exciting possibilities for large‐scale integration of wearable optoelectronics.