bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macronutrients and their ratios in different plant species growing in solonchaks of Western Transbaikalia
Authors: Merkusheva M. G. , Boloneva L. N. , Lavrentieva I. N. , Sosorova S. B
Published: May 2024

The macroelement composition and ratios of macroelements in dominant and co-dominant plants growing on lakeside solonchaks of Western Transbaikalia: from salt-sandy strips on dried shoals with pioneer groupings, side slopes to plains with cheieves, irises and leymus communities were studied for the first time. General regularities characterizing their macroelement composition were established for annual halophytes of salt-sand strips of the Beloe Lake shoreline. It has been revealed that pioneer perennials are formed on the mortmass of annuals. Mortmass of different duration of formation was characterized by high silicic content and concentrations of S, Fe, and Mg with a minimal amount of K, and the K : Na ratio was 0.03–0.04. Biological productivity of lakeside saltmarsh communities was determined to be normal and elevated, 1490–3080 g dry mass/m2/year. Species differed significantly in the macroelement composition depending on the conditions of growing in the coastal zone of brackish lakes. Common for the chemical composition of plants was a relatively high content of nitrogen and ash. It was found that by the total concentration of K, Ca, Mg, Na, Si in the dry matter, annuals of the Chenopodiaceae family dominated due to the high amount of sodium. In spite of non-compliance with the norms of the ratios of most macronutrients in the dry matter of plants, especially by K : (Ca + Mg) and K : Na, all species are used as fodder in different periods of the year.
Effect of endophytic strains of Bacillus subtilis on mycorrhization of wheat roots under salt stress
Authors: Kuramshina Z. M. , Khairullin R. M. , Yamaleeva A. A.
Published: May 2024

The effect of inoculation of wheat plant seeds by cells of 2 endophytic strains of Bacillus subtilis on the formation of endomycorrhiza in the roots under salt stress was studied. It was found that the indicators of mycorrhization of plant roots decreased both during salt stress in the soil and during seed treatment with endophytic bacteria. At the same time, under conditions of salt stress, an increase in mycorrhization rates was found in plants inoculated with B. subtilis. It was revealed that B. subtilis bacteria reduced stress in plants resulting from soil salinization. The obtained results showed the possible nature of the simultaneous relationship of plants with representatives of two kingdoms – bacteria and fungi. Probably, under conditions of stress action on the host plants, it is more profitable for all 3 participants of the symbiotic system to survive together, preserving the reproductive potential for the next generations.
Study of pheromones of the main insect pests of the Lepidoptera order (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Dzhumakulov T. , Turdibaev J. E. , Yuldashev L T. , Mosidikov M. S. , Holbekov O. H. , Shakirzyanova G S. , Toreniyazov G. S. , Yusupov R. E.
Published: May 2024

The intensive development of agricultural production currently requires the expansion of the use of chemical plant protection products from insect pests, which in turn leads to environmental pollution and irreparable losses in the biocenosis. Therefore, the development of fundamentally new plant protection products, characterized by safety in relation to the environment and high selectivity of action, is becoming more and more urgent. The use of sex pheromones in integrated plant protection systems leads to the need to develop convenient synthesis schemes that allow obtaining pheromones of various pest species with good yield and high isomeric purity from the same starting compounds-synthons.
Sorption properties of silicate materials from straw rice and vermiculites
Authors: Panasenko A. E. , Terminov S. A. , Shapkin N. P. , Holomeidik A. N.
Published: May 2024

A number of silicate and aluminosilicate sorption materials have been synthesized using rice straw as a silicon source. The dependence of sorption properties with respect to methylene blue, as well as density and moisture capacity on the composition is investigated. It is shown that the sorption capacity of silicate materials from vegetable raw materials is several times greater than that of natural aluminosilicates – vermiculite and materials based on it obtained by chemical modification. The presence of an organic component in the composition of the obtained biogenic materials contributes to a higher sorption capacity. The density and moisture capacity of the synthesized materials are determined.
Influence of the dynamics of stocks of mobile forms of nitrogen in gray forest soil and the use of fertilizers on the yield of oats under various weather conditions
Authors: Okorkov V. V. , Okorkova L. A. , Shchukin V. I.
Published: May 2024

In a long-term field experiment on the gray forest soils of the Vladimir opole, the influence of mineral fertilizers and the aftereffect of cattle manure, their interaction on the yield of oats going 2nd crop after the occupied steam, and the dynamics of mobile nitrogen forms under various weather conditions were studied. The determining role of ammonium nitrate nitrogen in the composition of NPK and the aftereffect of cattle manure in increasing the yield of oats has been established. The results of the study indicated that the culture was fed mainly with the nitrate form of nitrogen. A high degree of correlation was revealed between the reserves of N-NO3 in the soil layer of 0–40 cm, formed as a result of the transformation of soil nitrogen and fertilizers to oat seedlings, and its yield (0.981 R2 0.787). The influence of fertilizers and weather conditions on the formation of nitrate nitrogen reserves in the phases of growth and development of oats and their dynamics, ensuring the achievement of high grain yield and quality, are determined. Depending on weather conditions and fertilizer systems, the coefficients of using N-NO3 formed during the growing season of oats for nitrogen removal by grain (40.7–66.6%), grain and straw (58.3–75.0%), grain, straw and crop-root residues (71.2–88.6%) are calculated. In nitrogen-fertilized variants, on average, at 4 levels of manure aftereffect (0, 40, 60 and 80 t/ha), they were highest when using a single dose of N40P40K40, when using a double dose of N80P80K80, they significantly decreased. On average, at 4 levels of mineral fertilizer application (0, P40K40, N40P40K40 and N80P80K80), the utilization coefficients of N-NO3 formed during the growing season with the aftereffect of manure of 60 t/ha were maximum. When N80P80K80 is combined with the aftereffect of organic fertilizers of 80 t/ha, the highest losses of N-NO3 due to denitrification and leaching are possible.
Coda Q in the geophysical medium of the Northeast Caucasus
Authors: Zvereva A.  S.  , Sobissevich A.  L.  , Gabsatarova I.  P. 
Published: May 2024

For the eastern zone of the North Caucasus, including the Tersko-Caspian trough, the Dagestan wedge and adjacent structures, with the maximum coverage of the data from the Federal network of seismological observations of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GS RAS), the regional frequency-dependent relations for estimating the seismic Q-factor of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle are determined by the coda-wave envelope method. In total, waveforms of 394 crustal earthquakes with source depths from 1 to 42 km and magnitudes from 2.2 to 5.5 are analyzed using the Coda Q module of the SEISAN software package (Havskov et al., 2020). The seismic-Q estimation technique using the single-scattering model is described in detail. Recommendations are given how to practically use the obtained estimates characterizing the wave properties of different-scale volumes of the fault-block geological environment to make attenuation corrections when calculating the source spectral parameters in the eastern zone of the North Caucasus. The results of the study will help to improve the information content of earthquake catalogs, in particular, to fill them with data on the energy characteristics of seismic events (universal values of moment magnitudes, Mw) in the most seismically active regions of the Russian Federation.
Estimation of Frequencies and Splitting of 2S1 and 3S1 Modes from the IGETS Superconducting Gravimeter Network Data after the 2013 Sea of Okhotsk Earthquake
Authors: Vinogradov M. P. , Milyukov V. K.
Published: May 2024

For the first time, the 2S1 and 3S1 modes of the Earth’s free oscillations following the largest deep-focus earthquake in the Sea of Okhotsk on May 24, 2013, have been analyzed using the maximum likelihood method. Data from 14 superconducting gravimeters of the IGETS network deployed in the central part of Europe were used for the analysis. Estimates of the time of mode excitation after the earthquake origin time, degenerate frequencies, and mode splitting parameters are obtained.
On the Application Limits of the Parameter in Studying Variations of the Ancient Geomagnetic Field
Authors: Ushakov D. A. , Pavlov V. E.
Published: May 2024

To describe secular geomagnetic variation on geological timescales, statistical models have been widely used in recent decades. Currently, the most popular among these is the TK03 model (Tauxe and Kent, 2004). As other statistical models, TK03 numerically characterizes the amplitude of secular geomagnetic variation and the shape of the distribution of paleomagnetic directions which are considered as directly reflecting the directions of the geomagnetic field on the considered interval of geological time. For this purpose, three main parameters are used: the scatter Sb (or S) of the virtual geomagnetic poles, the elongation E of the distribution of paleomagnetic directions, and the direction of elongation of the distribution of paleomagnetic directions. The correct application of these parameters to describe ancient secular variation requires the satisfaction of certain, sometimes rather strict conditions. These conditions for the Sb and E parameters were considered in a number of previous publications, while the limits and conditions of application of parameter have not been studied in detail so far. This paper presents the results of mathematical modeling that allow us to evaluate the stability of the calculated values of this parameter as a function of the latitude of sampling, the number of samples used for its determination, the length of the time series on which this parameter is determined, as well as inclination shallowing and the degree of averaging when is estimated in sedimentary rocks. We also consider the extent to which the parameter can be sensitive to the presence and characteristics of the equatorial dipole component in the total geomagnetic field.
Analysis of Magnetotelluric Response Functions at the Cam Thuy Site, Northern Vietnam
Authors: Starzhinskii S. S.
Published: May 2024

During magnetotelluric studies in North Vietnam, an effect where the impedance phases Zxy and Zyx simultaneously left their quadrants was detected at one of the sounding sites, CTH, in the Cam Thuy District, Thanh Hoa Province. Investigation of this phenomenon has shown that it is accompanied by negative (bottom-up directed) components of the Umov–Poynting vector of electromagnetic energy flux density in the entire range of the recorded periods of magnetotelluric variations. This direction of the energy flux remains unchanged when the initial coordinate system is rotated by angles of 45° and 60°. Another characteristic feature of this phenomenon is an unusual behavior of the apparent resistivity curves: the apparent resistivity values increase starting from a period of 200 s up to a period of 104 s, and this increase occurs practically along the asymptote. The analysis of the polarization of the magnetotelluric field and the asymmetry parameter (skew angle) β of the phase tensor has shown that the section exhibits significant three-dimensional distortions as manifested by β values ranging from 20° to 90°.
The KISS Network in 2015–2016: Catalogs and Comparison of the Processing Results with Operational Estimates from the Permanent Network
Authors: Senyukov S. L. , Droznin D. V. , Droznina S. Ya. , Shapiro N. M. , Nuzhdina I. N.
Published: May 2024

As part of the international collaboration of several research groups from Russia, France, and Germany, 77 temporary seismic stations were installed in the summer of 2015 for one-year period to conduct a detailed study of the deep structure of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle in the region of the Klyuchevskoi Volcano Group (KGV) in the Kamchatka Peninsula. One of the results of the KISS experiment (Klyuchevskoi Investigation – Seismic Structure of an extraordinary volcanic system) was the final catalog of the joint data from the temporary stations and the permanent network of the Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KB GS RAS). The catalog comprises 2136 events, including 560 for which the permanent network catalog lacked sufficient data for correct processing. The catalog in .xlsx format and the station bulletin in .isf format are presented in the supplementary material to the paper. A comparative analysis was conducted on the joint solutions of two catalogs: one obtained solely from the data of the KB GS RAS permanent network stations and another from a denser seismic network integrated with KISS stations.
Categories of rivers that formed vendian and lower cambrian sedimentary sequences, western part of east european platform (according to lithogeochemistry data)
Authors: Maslov A. V. , Podkovyrov V. N.
Published: May 2024

Based on lithogeochemical data for fine-grained clastic rocks of the Volyn, Valdai and Baltic series of the west of the East European Platform (Belarus and Volyn, partly Lithuania), categories of rivers that transported fine-grained aluminosiliciclastics to the sinks were reconstructed. It is concluded that the formation of Vendian and Lower Cambrian sedimentary sequences developed in this area was controlled mainly by river systems similar to modern large rivers (rivers with a catchment area 100000 km2) and rivers draining sedimentary formations (rivers with a catchment area 100000 km2). The fine-grained aluminosiliciclastics transported by them came mainly from areas composed of rocks of the crystalline basement of the platform and, in part, sedimentary formations. The distribution of data points of Vendian and Lower Cambrian clay rocks on the diagrams (La/Yb)N–Eu/Eu* and (La/Yb)N–Th with fields of composition of pelitic and silty-pelitic sediments in the estuarine parts of modern rivers of different categories shows that mafic rocks of the Volyn-Brest large igneous province, apparently, were not suppliers of fine-grained aluminosiliciclastics in the indicated time intervals.
Early-middle permian terrigenous deposits of South-Western Primorye: material composition, source areas and formation settings
Authors: Malinovsky A. I.
Published: May 2024

The study presents the results of studying the material composition of terrigenous rocks from the Early – Middle Permian deposits of the Reshetnikovka formation of the Laoeling-Grodekovo terrane of South-Western Primorye. Studies were carried out in order to reconstruct paleogeodynamic environments for the accumulation of studied deposits, as well as to determine the tectonic type and composition of source rocks of sources areas. It has been established that in terms of mineral and geochemical parameters, the sandstones of the formation are petrogenic or “first cycle” rocks, correspond to arcoses and, only partially, subarcoses and lithite arenites, are characterized by a fairly high degree of maturity of clastic material, and their formation was due to the destruction of largely weathered parent rocks of sources areas. Paleogeodynamic interpretation of the obtained data indicates that in the Early and Middle Permian sedimentation occurred in the basins of the passive continental margin, which are intra-and intercontinental rifts and aulacogens. The main influence on sedimentation processes was exerted by continental sources areas: cratons and uplifted basement blocks, which were projections of the crystalline basement framed by rift zones. Mainly acidic igneous and metamorphic rocks were eroded with the participation of ancient sedimentary formations. U–Pb isotopic dating of detrital zircons made it possible to establish the age and possible location of magmatic complexes, due to the destruction of which formation deposits were formed.
The phenomenon of attachment and feeding of unfed ticks (Ixodoidea) on fed and feeding specimens of the same or different species: biological and epidemiological issues
Authors: Uspensky I. V.
Published: May 2024

Hyperparasitism, characterized by attachment and feeding of unfed ticks on engorged or feeding specimens of the same species (tick-to-tick attachment and feeding) has been extensively documented in laboratory colonies of ticks of the Ixodoidea superfamily. Existing literature generally assumes that hyperparasitism operates similarly across tick species in both main families, Argasidae and Ixodidae. However, a closer examination of the available data reveals distinct biological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in different groups. In argasid ticks, hyperparasitism in laboratory colonies primarily involves unfed specimens stealing blood from their fed relatives, especially under stress of starvation or overcrowding. It remains uncertain whether this behavior of argasid ticks occurs under field conditions. If it does happen naturally, it may have originated as a consequence of the nidicolous lifestyle exhibited by soft ticks. In Ixodes ticks (Ixodinae or Prostriata), hyperparasitism of males on unfed or feeding females appears to be a side-effect in the male attempts to copulate while hyperparasitism in Amblyomminae (Metastriata) ticks is likely an aberration in feeding. This difference between Argasidae and Ixodidae may stem from independent adaptation to blood-feeding within the two Ixodoidea families. Experimental evidence of pathogen transmission between aggressor and victim during hyperparasitic feeding has only been demonstrated under laboratory conditions specifically in Ornithodoros species (Argasidae). The practical importance of this route of pathogen transmission is still unclear. Although there is an assumption in the literature that hyperparasitic pathogen transmission occurs in the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus, it is important to know that no current data is available to support this presumption.
Study of additive manufacturing products using neutron imaging
Authors: Murashev M. , Em V. , Glazkov V. , Shishkovsky I. , Makarenko K. , Sulyanova E. А.
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of studies of additively manufactured metal samples using neutron imaging at the IR-8 research reactor of the National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” (NRC KI). The advantages and disadvantages of neutron imaging using monochromatic (DRAGON station) and polychromatic (PONI tomograph) neutrons when studying internal structure of the samples are demonstrated.
Experimental study of ultrasonic wave propagation in a long waveguide sensor for fluid-level sensing
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Periyannan Suresh
Published: May 2024

This work reports an ultrasonic long waveguide sensor for measuring the fluid level utilizing longitudinal L(0,1), torsional T(0,1), and flexural F(1,1) wave modes. These wave modes were transmitted and received simultaneously using stainless-steel wire. A long waveguide (12 m) covers a broader region of interest and is suitable in the process industry's hostile environment applications, "fluid levels and temperature measurements." In this work, we used fluids "diesel, water, and glycerin" for measuring fluid levels based on the sensor's reflection factors from time domain and frequency domain signals. We examined the impact of wave modes' attenuation effects for long waveguide sensor design while changing the waveguide lengths. Initially, we obtained the L(0,1) and T(0,1) modes reflections from the 12.6 m waveguide length when one end of the long waveguide was fixed with a shear transducer at 45° orientation. Subsequently, we want to study and identify all wave modes'' (especially F mode) travel distances. Hence, we would like to investigate the guided wave propagation characteristics (attenuation, ultrasonic velocity, and frequency of all wave modes) in the long waveguide while cutting systematically at intervals of 1 meter, starting from its original length of the waveguide 12.6 meters by analyzing the A-scan signals of various lengths of a single waveguide. This simple and cost-effective technique can monitor the high fluid depths and temperature in power plants, oil, and petrochemical industries while designing a long waveguide sensor with appropriate ultrasonic parameters.
Modern trends in the application of thermoelectric method in non-destructive testing (review)
Authors: Soldatov A. I. , Soldatov A. A. , Kostina M. A.
Published: May 2024

The article provides an overview of the main directions of using the thermoelectric testing method in various spheres of the national economy. The thermoelectric method is most widely used in industry. There are publications on the application of the thermoelectric method for quality monitoring of turning and friction stir welding. It is shown that the thermoelectric method makes it possible to increase the reliability of testing and, based on testing data, ensure optimal modes of the technological process of metalworking and welding. A number of articles are devoted to the application of the thermoelectric method to plastic deformation testing, the dependence of thermal EMF on the degree of plastic deformation is revealed. Recently, publications have appeared on the application of the thermoelectric method to testing the thermal resistance of the design “housing of a power semiconductor device-thermal interface-cooling radiator”. This design is very widespread in electronic equipment. In addition, there are articles on the use of the thermoelectric method to testing the transient resistance of contacts in the power supply network. It is shown that with an increase in contact resistance, the value of thermal EMF increases proportionally, which can be used to prevent emergencies in the power supply network. The thermoelectric method has also been successfully applied to diagnose the degree of titanium flooding. The dependence of the thermal EMF value on the degree of hydrogenation has been revealed. The use of the thermoelectric method is not limited to the field of industrial production. The thermoelectric method is successfully used in medicine for the undetectable detection of nucleic acid sequences, for the temperature diagnosis of human teeth, as well as for the diagnosis of inflammatory processes in the human body.
Рroblems of diagnostics of dysfunctions of the olfactory analyzer of laboratory animals on the basis of behavioral and electrophysiological methods of research
Authors: Gorskaya A. V. , Vasilev D. S.
Published: May 2024

Olfactory impairment (decreased acuity, impaired adequate identification of odorants) reduces the quality of life of patients and can be a symptom of a wide range of pathologies of the organism, in particular neurodegenerative processes in the brain. Quantitative measurement of olfactory acuity is necessary for diagnostics of olfactory dysfunctions, monitoring the dynamics of olfaction after pharmacological or surgical treatment. The searching for optimal methods of analyzing olfactory thresholds on animal models of human diseases accompanied by anosmia and comparing them with those in humans seems to be especially urgent problem at the moment. This is necessary for the selection of a valid animal model for the evaluation of new drugs and development the therapy for a wide range of pathologies.
The review analyzes publications devoted to the study of diseases accompanied by anosmia or hyposmia, their zootropic models, and methods of olfactory function assessment. Models for COVID19, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes types (1 and 2 type), Kalman syndrome, and Bardet-Biedl syndrome, for which olfactory dysfunction and/or defects of olfactory system are present, were analyzed. The review notes the paucity of data on the measurement of olfactory thresholds in model animals.
In search of the molecular mechanisms of adaptation memory in rods: basic activity of phosphodiesterase
Authors: Nikolaeva D. A. , Firsova M. L. , Astakhova L. A.
Published: May 2024

Retinal rods, the photoreceptors responsible for twilight vision, are capable of adapting to a wide range of light levels. The molecular mechanisms of light adaptation have been well studied, but an interesting question is what changes occur in the phototransduction cascade after the adaptive light stimuli are eliminated. Previously, we showed the phenomenon of adaptation memory in amphibian rods: after background illumination photoreceptor sensitivity to light remained reduced for several minutes, while the dark current recovered within 20—30 s. This suggests the existence of additional, as yet unknown, regulatory mechanisms of the phototransduction cascade that act after the adaptive effect of light. In search of specific mechanisms that could explain the effect of adaptation memory, we performed electrophysiological experiments on isolated frog rods to evaluate the basal activity of the effector enzyme of the phototransduction cascade, the phosphodiesterase type 6, in the dark and after saturating background illumination. It was found that the post-adaptation state of rods was characterized by increased basal phosphodiesterase activity, which gradually decreased to the dark level within tens of seconds after turning off the adaptive illumination. These results also suggest that the components of the phototransduction cascade may undergo some unstudied changes after light adaptation.
Individual and typological features of motor memory in problems of control of ergacy systems in the absence of visual feedback
Authors: Turovsky Ya. A. , Alekseev V. Y. , Tokarev R. A.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of the presence of visual feedback on the quality of user experience with a number of human-computer interfaces, as well as the process of mastering the interfaces. As a result of the work, the features of the generation of control commands by operators of ergatic systems using an oculographic interface, interfaces for controlling hand movements and head movements were assessed. In the absence of visual feedback, users relied on motor memory formed during the learning process, and in the case of head control, on data from the vestibular analyzer.
The presence of visual feedback was found to be important for accurate command generation in all cases. However, when controlling the head and eyes, the presence of visual feedback led to a greater deviation from the ideal trajectory and an increase in the distance that the cursor traveled before reaching the goal. Localization of the target position did not have a significant effect on the performance of the operator interface, regardless of the presence of visual feedback.
Analysis of typical reactions in all experiments made it possible to identify three types of control, differing for eye and head movements, but not for hand movements in the ergatic system mode. Types 1 and 2 exhibited more errors compared to type 3, and the number of errors varied between them, especially for hand control.
The results obtained can be used in the development of promising interfaces for ergatic systems, including the determination of the necessary visual feedback components for this class of technical devices.
Lipid-correcting and antioxidant effects of the lipid complex from the red marine algae Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis under the conditions of a high-fat diet
Authors: Sprygin V. G. , Kushnerova Н. Ф. , Fomenko S. E. , Drugova E. S. , Lesnikova L. N. , Merzlyakov V. Yu.
Published: May 2024

The influence of the lipid complex isolated from the thallus of the red marine algaeAhnfeltia tobuchiensis(LCA) on the metabolic parameters of the blood and liver of rats under a high-fat diet was studied. It was shown that the administration of LCA had a pronounced lipid-correcting and antioxidant effect, which was superior to that of the reference preparation “Omega 3-6-9” in terms of its ability to restore lipid metabolism, the ratio of lipoprotein fractions and the indices of the endogenous antioxidant protection system, as so as prevent the development of hepatosis. The lipid-correcting and anti-oxidant effect of LCA is specified by the action of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid, which are the part of the structure of phospholipids and glycolipids of marine origin, which make up the main part of the studied lipid complex.
Comparative characteristics of the durum wheat newest samples based on a complex of agrobiological characteristics
Authors: Shikhmuradov A. Z. , Magomedov M. M.
Published: May 2024

In 2020–2022 at the Dagestan experimental station of the VIR branch 30 samples of durum wheat of different ecological and geographical origins (Russia, Austria, Mexico, Syria, Egypt) were studied under irrigation conditions under winter sowing. The k-66674 Odari, k-67482 Yarina (Krasnodar Territory) and k-32453 Derbentskaya Chernokolosaya (Republic of Dagestan) varieties were sown as standard samples. Over three years of study, a field and laboratory assessment were given for the following characteristics: length of the growing season, resistance to fungal diseases (powdery mildew, brown and yellow rust) and lodging, grain weight per unit area (1 m2), weight of 1000 grains, number of grains in one ear and the mass of grain from one ear. The varieties are recommended as sources of breeding valuable traits (earliness, productivity, large grain size) for further use in breeding and genetic programs for the creation of new adaptive varieties.
Characteristics of microsporogenesis in the triploid apple tree and it’s parental form in connection with usage in breeding at the polyploid level
Authors: Lavrusevich N. G. , Borodkina А. G. , Zubkova M. A.
Published: May 2024

An effective method of creating triploid apple cultivars, which are superior in their characteristics to diploid cultivars, is the crossing of heterochromosomal forms of the type: 2x×4x, 4x×2x. In order to provide a wide range of genetic diversity of riploid hybrids, it is necessary to have a large set of tetraploid donor forms of diploid gametes. A limited set of such forms is a limiting factor for this direction of breeding. And the effectiveness of work on obtaining new valuable apple varieties based on the use of the polyploidy method largely depends on their diversity Therefore, the identification of new apple tetraploids, as well as the study of cytoembryological features of their generative structures, the determination of the quality of the formed gametes necessary for successful breeding and for predicting the results of these works are relevant. Meiosis during microsporogenesis was studied in two tetraploid apple forms. To study meiosis during microsporogenesis, temporary pressed specimen were prepared by the acetohematoxylin method; the propionic-lacmoid method was used to determine the ploidy of hybrid offspring. Microscopic studies were carried out on a Nikon-50i microscope at a magnification of 10 x 105 x 40, 10 x 1.5 x 100. The analysis of the course of meiosis during microsporogenesis in apple tetraploid 34-21-39 [30-47-88(4x)×Krasa Sverdlovska(2x)] and its parent form 30-47-88 [Liberty×13-6-106 (Suvorovetz seedling)] showed that the hybrid 34-21-39 was characterized by the most correct course of meiosis. The largest percentage of deviations and the diversity of morphological types of disorders were detected in the form 30-47-88. Common types of violations were noted. Despite the presence of disorders during meiosis in tetraploid forms, microsporogenesis ended with the formation of visually normal one–dimensional pollen: 89% in the form 34-21-39 and 50% in the form 30-47-88. In combinations of crosses involving the studied forms, a high yield of triploid plants was noted. Consequently, the tetraploid apple forms 34-21-39 and 30-47-88 can be recommended for hybridization for the purpose of mass production of triploid seedlings. The results allow us to conclude that the tetraploid apple forms 34-21-39 and 30-47-88 can be used in breeding as pollinators in heteroploid crosses (2x×4x) to obtain triploid genotypes.
Improvement of millet cultivation technology in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Authors: Khanieva I. M. , Khamokova I. M. , Dzhurtubaev A. N. , Kokov T. A.
Published: May 2024

The article studies the effectiveness of using mineral fertilizers, growth stimulants and bacterial preparations in the cultivating millet technology. The research was carried out in 2021–2023 on the experimental field of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, which located in the steppe zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The object of study is the mid-late millet variety Kavkazskie Zori, bred by Kabardino-Balkarian Research Institute of Agriculture. Inoculation of seeds with Rizoagrin (Agrobacterium radiobacter) and Azophyte (Azotobacter vinelandii) was carried out on the day of sowing, exogenous spraying of plants with growth stimulants Mival Agro (10 g/ha), MS-extra (0.5 kg/ha) – in the three-leaf phase. Treatment of seeds with biological preparations Rizoagrin and Azofit increases field germination by 8.9 and 5.3%, respectively, relative to the control. They also have a positive effecton the preservation of plants for harvesting. The usage of biological products provides an increase in the yield of millet by 0.38–0.54 t/hacompared to the control, fertilizers – 0.64 t/ha, growth stimulants – 0.27–0.46 t/ha. Maximum productivity was achieved with the biological product Rizoagrin and the growth stimulator MS-extra against the background of N10P26K26 – 2.48 t/ha.
Changes in the corn yield structure depending on genetic characteristics, background mineral nutrition and sowing time in the Khabarovsk Krai
Authors: Lukashina A. A.
Published: May 2024

This study presents the results of a three-factor experiment on corn yield structure depending on the genetic characteristics and hybrids, mineral nutrition background and sowing dates. The experiment was carried out in Khabarovsk Krai in fourfold repetition on corn crops of local selection varieties Birsu, ALitet 2 and Guran 2 and hybrids of foreign selection Moldavsky 215 SV, P 7515, P 8521, P 7460; on three mineral nutrition backgrounds: № 1 (control) – N90P90K90, № 2 – N110P110K90, № 3 – N130P130K90; in 2 sowing dates with 5 days apart. The studies were carried out in 2021–2022 on the experimental field of the Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute, the soil of the experimental section was meadow-brown, heavy loamy. The highest grain yield up to 125.3 c/ha was noted on the mineral nutrition background № 2 (N110P110K90) and № 3 (N130P130K90). Yield structure indicators depended more on varietal features of plants (46.0–73.4%) rather than on mineral nutrition background (6.2–17.8%) and sowing dates had sufficient influence (0.18–2.59%). However, the weight of 1000 grains was more influenced by additional application of nitrogen and phosphorus (40.67%) rather than varietal features (32.71%). In this study varieties of local breeding Alitet 2 and Guran 2 are recommended for cultivation in Khabarovsk Krai as they give a good grain yield, responsive to the additional application of nitrogen and phosphorus, correspond to the region conditions in terms of precocity, suitable both for harvesting silage and green fodder and for harvesting grain forage.
Phytotesting as a method for soil quality assessing
Authors: Soloviev D. A. , Fomicheva N. V.
Published: May 2024

Phytotesting is used for environmental monitoring of soil objects. The purpose of the work is to evaluate phytotesting to determine the quality of artificially created soils. Two samples were examined: Soil 1 with sewage sludge and Soil 2 with pit soil, a small amount of peat and sapropel. Control is soil that ensures free growth of test crops in the natural conditions of a certain soil-climatic zone where it is planned to supply the finished soil. Tests were carried out with seeds of three types of test plants: a monocot – oats (Avena sativa) and two dicotyledons – white mustard (Sinapis alba), creeping white clover (Trifolium repens). They were sown in containers with soil/ground and placed in a climate control system for 14 days (daytime – 20°C, night – 15°C). It was found that in Soil 1 all the studied biometric indicators of oats and white mustard are statistically significantly higher than in the control soil, and the development of creeping white clover is suppressed (wet weight is 8.9 and 2.1 times less compared to the control soil, respectively for seeding rates 10 and 30 g/m2). At the same time, in Soil 1, an excess of the content of gross forms of zinc by 2.5 and copper by 1.4 times was revealed. When testing Soil 2, the biometric indicators of oats and white mustard were at the control level, the wet and dry weight of clover sprouts was 2.9 and 1.7 times higher, respectively. Phytotesting can be considered as a qualitative reaction of the studied soil to plants and an integral indicator of its fertility. A prerequisite is the use of test plants with small seeds. This will allow us to evaluate their response to stimulating and toxic soil components.
Aquatic insects associated with macrophytes in wetlands of the middle basin of Atrato River, Chocó - Colombia
Authors:   Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, Mosquera-Murillo Zuleyma , Córdoba-Aragón Karen Everni ,   Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, Mosquera-Mosquera Mairin Minerva ,   Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, Sanchez Sandra Patricia ,   Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, Palacios-Palacios Leider ,   Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó
Published: May 2024

Aquatic macrophytes play an important role in lentic systems, since they constitute the particular habitat of several groups of aquatic insects and play a fundamental role in structuring their communities. The objective of this study was to contribute to the knowledge of the aquatic entomofauna associated with macrophytes in wetlands of the middle basin of the Atrato River, Chocó-Colombia. For four months, collections of aquatic insects associated with the roots of different aquatic plants were made, using a quadrat of one m2, equipped with a 0.5 mm mesh, with three replicates per swamp. Simultaneously, some physical and chemical variables of the water were measured. The community of aquatic insects was composed of 6 orders, 23 families, and 36 genera. The most representative orders were Hemiptera (Heteroptera) and Odonata and the most abundant families were Noteridae (Coleoptera) and Libellulidae (Odonata). The diversity index presented a range between 2.39 and 2.07 bits/ind, with Plaza Seca as the most representative wetlands, while the dominance was between 0.16 and 0.11. The most abundant functional group was that of predators. The variables pH, water temperature and transparency presented significant differences between swamps and there were important associations between the aquatic entomofauna, and the abiotic variables analyzed.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Learning dalam Membentuk Karakter Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Fiqh
Authors: Rizkyani Ayu , Hermawan Iwan , Aini Farida Nur
Published: May 2024

Cooperative learning method is a learning method that focuses on the use of small groups of learners to work together in learning to achieve learning goals. Character building is the cultivation of values in students and the renewal of a common life system that respects individual freedom. The purpose of this study is to determine the purpose, process, evaluation, and impact of the cooperative learning model in shaping student character in fiqh class XI at MA Nihayatul Amal Rawamerta. The method used in this research is field research method. The result of this research is that with the application of this cooperative learning model, the teacher can see, and assess the character building in each student through group discussion learning during class learning.
Pengaruh Model Kooperatif Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Terhadap Hasil Belajar PAI
Authors: Hasyim Aika , Hermawan Iwan , Aini Farida Nur
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Model on student learning outcomes in class X TKR 1 at SMK Negeri 1 Cilamaya. The approach in this study uses a quantitative approach with experiments. The results of the data analysis test on the use of the TGT Model (X) on learning outcomes (Y). The results of the descriptive analysis show that the data values ​​are normally distributed with the average pretest score for the experimental class being 68.21 and the average posttest score being 81.07. Meanwhile, the control class obtained an average pretest score of 63.04 and a posttest score of 71.25. The results of the t-test through SPSS 25 obtained a significance value of 0.00 <0.05, meaning that there is an average difference between the pretest and posttest of student learning outcomes. It can be concluded that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. This shows that the Team Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model has an influence on the learning outcomes of class X TKR 1 SMKN 1 Cilamaya.
Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Market Place Activity dalam Meningkatkan Keaktifan Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran PAI
Authors: Nurjanah Dedeh , Karlina Titin , Dyah Aryani Wiwik
Published: May 2024

This research was motivated by the problem of teacher difficulties in determining learning models and decreased student learning activity. The purpose of this study is to increase student learning activity through the Market Place Activity learning model. This research is a class-based action research, this research is conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four activities: action planning, observation, and reflection. The subject of this study was students of Class X Pharmaceutical Technology 1 SMK YPF Bandung. Data collection is done through documentation, observation, interviews, field notes, and research instruments. Data analysis is done by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show that the MPA learning model can increase the activeness and learning outcomes of class X Information Technology 1 students of SMK YPF Bandung. This learning model can also stimulate students to be actively involved in both physical and non-physical learning (thinking).
Pengaruh Kedisiplinan Belajar dan Moral Siswa Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Maratus Sholikhah Siti , Mujiburrohman  , Nurhidayati Indah
Published: May 2024

This study reviews how students' learning discipline and morals contribute to learning achievement in Islamic religious education, with a focus on the school environment. This study aims to: 1) determine the effect of learning discipline on learning achievement in Islamic Religious Education; 2) determine the effect of student morals on learning achievement in Islamic Religious Education; 3) determine the effect of discipline and student morals on learning achievement in Islamic Religious Education. The research method used was quantitative-correlational by involving a sample of students from SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Balen, Bojonegoro Regency. Data were collected through questionnaires and statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the variables of learning discipline, student morale, and learning achievement. The results of this study explain that: 1) learning discipline does not have a significant influence on student learning achievement in Islamic religious education subjects; 2) there is a significant influence between student morale on learning achievement in Islamic religious education subjects; 3) learning discipline and student morale together have a significant influence on learning achievement.
Pengaruh Tata Kelola Perusahaan terhadap Manajemen Laba pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia
Authors: Jessie Limmousine  , Christian Natalis
Published: May 2024

Intensi dari kajian ini ialah untuk memahami bagaimana tata kelola dari suatu perusahaan sertastruktur kepemilikan dapat memengaruhi praktik manajemen laba terhadap perusahaan yang bergerakkhususnya di bidang manufaktur dan tercatat pada Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode purposive samplingakan diimplementasikan dalam periode waktu antara tahun 2018 sampai tahun 2023 dengan totalsampel 122 perusahaan dari populasi 226 perusahaan. Hasil dari analisa menjelaskan bahwa komiteaudit independen, dewan komisaris independen, ukuran pada dewan direksi independen, kebijakandividen memiliki pengaruh signifikan dengan hasil positif kepada manajamen laba. Ukuran pada dewandireksi dan kepemilikan institusional memiliki pengaruh negatif kepada manajemen laba. Sementaraitu, kepemilikan manajerial tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan pada manajemen laba. Implikasi daripenelitian ini adalah menyoroti bahwa tata kelola yang solid dapat mengurangi kemungkinan praktikmanajemen laba yang tidak etis melalui transparansi, pengawasan efektif, dan informasi keuanganyang akurat
Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Kur Dalam Meningkatkan Keberhasilan Umkm Di Pekalongan
Authors: Arif Budiharjo  , Nabila Su’daa Saniyya , Wahyudin
Published: May 2024

Pemanfaatan KUR oleh UMKM, menjadi hal yang harus diseriusi oleh pelaku UMKM. Hal ini karenapemanfaatannya bisa membawa keberhasilan usaha, bisa pula membawa pada susahnyapengembalian pinjaman KUR oleh UMKM. Ada banyak fenomena yang terjadi diantara keduanya.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana efektivitas usaha UMKM dalam pemanfaatanKUR sebagai fasilitasi pinjaman lunak dari suatu Lembaga Perbankan syariah di Pekalongan pada pelakuUMKM sebagai nasabahnya, Faktor faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi peningkatan usaha danpeningkatan pendapatan pada UMKM tersebut melalui KUR. Penelitian ini dengan menggunakanmetode kualitatif, dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pada aspek perolehan data digunakan teknikwawancara mendalam, observasional, dan juga perolehan data data primer dengan cara pengumpulanreferensi dan data data tertulis dari partisipan. Teknis analisis yang digunakan adalah Triangulasi, PolaPenjodohan, dan Teknik Kajian secara Visualisasi. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah : pemanfaatan KURdalam peningkatan pendapatan bagi UMKM harus dengan menggunakan prinsip kehati-hatian bagipara pelaku UMKM. Prinsip kehati-hatian tersebut adalah dengan memisahkan kepentingan usaha dankepentingan rumah tangga, sehingga dapat menjadi pengendali bagi kemungkinan penyalahgunaanKUR kepada keperluan konsumtif dan hedonisme. Dan diperlukannya upaya diri melalui internalisasireligius untuk menumbuhkembangkan karakter tidak konsumtif dan hedonis.