bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐89: A Novel Dynamic Drive Scheme for Reflective Cholesteric Displays
Authors: Lee Nam‐Seok , Shin Hyun‐Soo , Lee Hee‐Jung , Seong Ki‐Seok , Choi Woon‐Seop
Published: January 2005

We have developed a novel dynamic drive scheme for cholesteric LCD utilizing 3 and 2 levels driver ICs for row and column, respectively. Stable gray scale has also been accomplished by using a pulse position modulation. By adopting this new drive scheme, we have developed 5.7″ folder type VGA cholesteric LCD showing addressing speed of 1msec/line.
P‐90: Tailoring Morphology in Holographic‐Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals for Reflective Display Applications
Authors: Escuti Michael , Crawford Gregory
Published: January 2005

It is well known that the electro‐optics of holographic‐polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H‐PDLC) materials are critically dependent on the phase separation dynamics and the final polymer morphology. We therefore demonstrate and explore how multiple‐beam holography can be used to produce three‐dimensional arrays of LC droplets and characterize their effect on the electro‐optical properties of the reflection from these switchable films. We have exhausted many avenues to improve these materials in the context of reflective display applications and have found that this approach represents a novel way to beneficially modify the formation process.
LP‐4: Late‐News Poster: Chiral Dopants for LCD Applications
Authors: Kuschel F. , Boeffel C. , Bauer M.
Published: January 2005

For different LCD applications, e.g. bistable cholesteric LCDs, chiral dopants are used to induce certain helical structures. With respect to operation parameters, the chirality transfer efficiency and the properties of doped LC mixtures must be optimized. Results obtained with selected nematic host mixtures and new chiral dopants will be presented.
LP‐5: Late‐News Poster: A Novel Design Wide View Angle Partially Reflective Super Multi‐domain Homeotropically Aligned LCD
Authors: Liu Hong‐Da , Lin Shinn‐Chyuan
Published: January 2005

We have developed a novel partially reflective [1] super multi‐domain homeotropically aligned (Super‐MHA) TFT Liquid Crystal Display (TFT‐LCD) that has a wide viewing angle and very high contrast ratio. In addition, we make it multi‐domains for dual modes of transflective LCD without rubbing process by applying the dual Surrounding Wall Bumps [2] (SWBs) structure both in pixel and in boundary of transitive area. It also has simple process to form the dual SWB with Inner Diffusive Layer (IDL) at the same time.
P‐92: Enhanced Viewing Angle Characteristics: Compensated TN Design with E‐type Polarizers
Authors: Palto S. P. , Paukshto M.
Published: January 2005

Simulations of compensated TN designs using negative retarders predict pronounced improvement in contrast at large viewing angles using E‐type thin film polarizer alone or in combination with high efficiency O‐type polarizers.
P‐94: New Type of LCD with a Single Glass Substrate
Authors: Kim Il , Kim Jae‐Hoon , Agra‐Kooijman Dena M. , Kumar Satyendra
Published: January 2005

A new type of LCD has been developed using recently developed phase separated composite film method with a single glass substrate. The resultant structures are made of adjacent parallel layers of liquid crystal and polymer. The LC layer is confined between the solidified polymer layer and glass substrate. The electro‐optical properties of the display have been investigated. This technique has the potential to realize a lightweight display for hand‐held portable electronic products.
P‐96: Experimental Measurement of Cauchy Values for Δn of Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Gandhi Jignesh , Anderson James E.
Published: January 2005

Refractive indices of liquid crystal materials change dramatically with the wavelength of light due to dispersion. The Cauchy formula provides an empirical way of describing the relationship of various refractive indices of liquid crystal with wavelength of light. It is often difficult to measure individual refractive indices (ne and no) at several wavelengths and hence the birefringence Δn. In most liquid crystal device simulations, it is important to know Δn as a function of wavelength for accurate performance prediction. Here we propose a simple method of measuring Δn of liquid crystalline materials at various wavelengths and obtaining the Cauchy values for the LC material.
P‐97: Phase Compensator Method for Cell Thickness and Twist Angle Measurements in a Reflective Twisted Nematic LC Cell
Authors: Gwag Jin Seog , Han Kwan‐Young , Yoon Tae‐Hoon , Kim Jae Chang
Published: January 2005

We propose a simple and accurate measurement method to determine cell gap and twist angle of a reflective twisted‐nematic liquid crystal (TNLC) cell by using a phase compensator. A single wavelength source (red or green laser) is used for cell gap measurement and two wavelength sources (red and green lasers) for a twist angle measurement. The proposed measurement method can be applied to low cell gap as well as high cell gap.
P‐112: Novel Rewritable Card System Using Liquid Crystalline Polymer
Authors: Sanada Satoshi , Shibazaki Isao , Toyofuku Yasuo , Koide Naoyuki
Published: January 2005

We have developed a novel rewritable card system using liquid crystalline polymer. The erasing and writing procedures were carried out by application of a thermal‐electrical field alternately to the rewritable medium. This rewritable card has characteristic feature such as high durability, high heat resistance, high photo resistance and also the materials of the system is superior to the well‐ known the rewritable media.
LP‐6: Late‐News Poster: Effects of Chemical Structure of Polycyanurate Based Photopolymer On Liquid Crystal Photoalignment
Authors: Shin Dongcheon , Park Kyusoon , Kim Jinyool , Kim Taemin
Published: January 2005

The influence of structural variation of comb‐shaped polycyanurates on LC photoalignment has been investigated. UV dose required for optimum alignment could be markedly reduced by introducing proper diols. Molecular conjugation, controlled by phenoxy and benzyloxy spacer, affected thermal and photochemical stability.
15.4: Reflective LCD Cell Gap Measurement by QHQ Compensation Method
Authors: Yu X. J. , Kwok H. S.
Published: January 2005

A phase compensation method is presented for measuring the cell gap of reflective LCD. We use the so‐called QHQ compensator that is made up of two quarter‐wave plates (Q) and one half‐wave plate (H). This method is different from other compensation methods in that we can change both the orientation angle and retardation value of the compensator by rotating the quarterwave and halfwave retarders. As a result, the QHQ compensation method has a higher accuracy and a simpler procedure.
16.1: Low‐Power Integrated Circuit Technologies Using Low Temperature Poly‐Si TFTs for Mobile Device Applications
Authors: Toyozawa Noboru , Nakajima Yoshiharu , Yoshine Hiroyuki , Noichi Shunsuke , Yuda Katsuhisa , Toriyama Shigetaka , Ogawa Ayako , Yoshikawa Takashi , Maki Yasuhito
Published: January 2005

A 2.2‐inch diagonal, 176×(RGB)×220 pixels poly‐Si TFT transflective LCD with 262k colors has been developed for mobile‐device applications. This LCD includes a low‐power consuming level‐shifter system and a highly efficient DC‐DC converter, both integrated on a glass substrate using poly‐Si TFTs. The integrated circuitry allows us to reduce power consumption of the LCD panel down to 0.87 mW.
7.3: Advanced Level Adaptive Overdrive (ALAO) Method Applicable to Full HD‐LCTVs
Authors: Okumura Haruhiko , Baba Masahiro , Taira Kazuki , Kinno Akira
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we report on the development of an advanced level‐adaptive overdrive (ALAO)method applicable to full HD‐LCTVs, which not only reduced the gray level response time to less than one fourth, but also improved S/N for still pictures by 10 dB and reduced the circuit cost for the LAO method to almost half that of a conventional LAO circuit. We applied the ALAO method to a full‐HDLC projector with 1.84 M pixels and obtained high full‐HD motion picture qualities.
16.3: Low Power Driving Options for an AMLCD Mobile Display Chipset
Authors: Hector Jason , Buchschacher Pascal
Published: January 2005

Mobile AMLCD display modules should have a low power consumption. Detailed modeling of the power consumption of different drive schemes has shown that power savings can be made through drive scheme choice. Novel modifications of the drive schemes for various display modes has allowed Philips Semiconductors to design an AMLCD driver chipset which achieves a considerable reduction in power consumption.
4.1: Blue‐emitting ZnS: Ag, Al Phosphor with Longer Lifetime and Saturationless Performance for Projection CRTs
Authors: Kajiwara Kazuo , Abe Tomohiko , Okada Hideki
Published: January 2005

A blue‐emitting ZnS: Ag, Al phosphor with low defect density has been developed successfully for projection CRTs. Good crystallinity was verified by cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy. As a result, higher luminescence efficiency, good linearity, and longer luminescence lifetime are obtained in 7‐inch projection CRTs.
17.1: Design of a Tool to Benchmark Scaling Algorithms on LCD Monitors
Authors: Vicario Elena , Heynderickx Ingrid , Ferretti Giulio , Carrai Paola
Published: January 2005

Scaling algorithms, which are used to resize images displayed on e.g. LCD monitors, may introduce artifacts, and affect the overall quality of the displayed image. By means of three subjective assessments, we designed a tool to benchmark the performance of these scaling algorithms in terms of image quality preservation. In particular, we selected critical image material, classified the artifacts that may occur as a consequence of scaling and combined a preference analysis with an artifacts analysis. As a result, we present a relation between the overall image quality as judged by end‐users and the importance of the various artifacts.
18.1: Two Novel Applications of Thin‐Film E‐Type Polarizers
Authors: Paukshto Michael , Silverstein Louis D.
Published: January 2005

This paper describes the application of thin crystal film (TCF) e‐type polarizers to TN LCD configurations for two novel applications: an automotive display with LED backlight illumination and a welding goggle shutter. The modeling and optimization of these TN configurations reveal that excellent optical performance can be achieved for these two applications using TCF e‐type polarizers while capitalizing on the unique attributes of TCF materials for reducing device thickness and weight, reducing device cost and improving environmental robustness.
18.2: Plastic Film Displays with NanoBlock® IC Drivers Integrated by Fluidic Self Assembly Process
Authors: Jacobsen Jeffrey , Chiang Anne , Hermanns Anno , McDonald Mark , Vicentini Frederic , Marentic Mike , Atherton Jim , Boling Ed , Cuomo Frank , Drzaic Paul , Holman Andy , Liu Gordon , Pearson Sean , Peschke Walt , Vu D. P. , Stewart Roger
Published: January 2005

We have built plastic displays for SmartCards by integrating high‐quality, crystalline silicon NanoBlock IC drivers using a Fluidic Self Assembly (FSA®) process. With this low‐cost, high‐volume manufacturing approach, flexible peripheral driver strips are now being readied for application to commercial liquid crystal and OLED display products.
20.1: Dual‐domain Vertically Aligned TFT‐LCD Developed by Irradiation with Unpolarized UV Light from a Tube‐type Light Source
Authors: Yoshida Hidefumi , Tasaka Yasutoshi , Chida Hideo , Koike Yoshio , Okamoto Kenji
Published: January 2005

We have developed a dual‐domain vertically aligned TFT‐LCD by irradiation with unpolarized UV light from tube‐type light source. We reduced disclination by fabricating protrusions and by optimizing the alignment material. The transmittance of a 15‐inch diagonal TFT‐LCD is twice that of IPS LCD, 1.5 times that of conventional MVA‐LCD and 1.1 times that of TN‐LCDs with Wide‐View film.
20.3: An Ultra Low Driving Voltage and High Performance Reflective Optical self‐Compensated TFT‐LCD with Wide‐Viewing Angle Design
Authors: Liu Hong‐Da , Lin Wen‐Jian , Hsu Hung‐Huei , Tang Wen‐Chung , Hsieh Joanna , Chang Sheng‐Yu
Published: January 2005

We have developed a novel transflective TFT Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) that has a ultra low power consumption and high performance. In addition, we make it with wide viewing range and high contrast ratio by applying optical self‐compensated to LC cell. It also has high light efficiency for both reflective and transitive modes.
20.4: Threshold and V‐Shape Switching Orthoconic Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals for High Contrast Display
Authors: Da˛browski Roman , Czupryński Krzysztof , Drzewinski Witold , Gauza Sebastian , Lagerwall Sven T. , Rudquist Per
Published: January 2005

Two types of multi‐component FLC mixtures for high contrast displays were developed. These mixtures could exhibit either threshold or thresholdless (V‐shape) behavior depending on the ratio of the anticlinic to synclinic compounds. The phase sequences and electro‐optical properties of several sample mixtures are characterized.
21.2: Materials and Inks for Full Color PLED‐Displays
Authors: Becker Heinrich , Heun Susanne , Treacher Kevin , Büsing Arne , Falcou Aurélie
Published: January 2005

Progress in new materials for full color displays are presented. New polymers based on the “Spiro‐Principle” show encouraging properties in electroluminescence performance and lifetime. The spiro‐polymers can be tailor made to fit the RGB color requirements of a full color display. They are readily soluble, show excellent thermal stability and their synthesis is scalable to an industrially viable scale.
22.2: Multi‐Resolution for Low Power Mobile AMLCD
Authors: Maeda Kazuhiro , Tsujino Sachio , Takahasi Keiji , Kubota Yasushi , Imai Shigeki , Nakagawa Hirohide , Katayama Mikio
Published: January 2005

This paper describes a highly versatile “System LCD” which has been developed for mobile applications. A key feature of the display is a multi‐format capability to enable both the color depth and the spatial resolution to be dynamically controlled according to the application. This advanced functionality is realized by integrating a novel source‐driver, binary‐driver and clock‐generator onto the panel. A 3.7″ LCD with three principal display formats has been successfully fabricated using low temperature CG‐Silicon technology. The power consumption in each format has been measured at 14mW for VGA/Full‐color, 8mW for QVGA/Full‐color and 2mW for QVGA/Monochrome. We believe this versatile display technology, which combines both high performance and low power consumption, will be essential for the next generation of mobile products.
22.3: A 3.4‐inch Reflective Colour Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display without Polarisers
Authors: Kretz T. , Gomez G. , Lebrun H. , Coates D. , Reaney S.
Published: January 2005

A 3.4″ reflective colour AMLCD was developed using the standard a‐Si:H TFT technology and a vertically aligned dyed cholesteric liquid crystal mixture. Optimised liquid crystal mixture, de‐saturated colour filters and high pixel aperture ratio were achieved in order to demonstrate a high reflectivity with an acceptable contrast ratio in a large viewing cone.
22.4L: Late‐News Paper: A 2 inch a‐Si:H TFT‐LCD on Plastic
Authors: Hur Ji Ho , Lee Chang Bin , Won Sung Hwan , Jang Jin
Published: January 2005

We developed an active‐matrix liquid‐crystal display on the plastic substrate using hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film transistor (a‐Si:H TFT). TaOx film on both side of substrate was deposited in order to reduce gas permeation to plastic substrate and protect it from chemical attack during TFT process. The substrate bending caused by the thermal stress could be released with the island patterning of the inorganic layers. A prototype 2″ TFT‐LCD was demonstrated with a maximum process temperature of 150 °C.
23.1: Invited Paper: Isoluminous Color Difference Metric for Application to Displays
Authors: Brill Michael H. , Silverstein Louis D.
Published: January 2005

This paper provides a methodology which bridges the gap between a simple color‐difference metric and a full spatio‐chromatic vision model to predict color differences. Because luminance and chromatic visual channels differ greatly in their spatial sensitivities, more than a single number is needed for specific applications—e.g., performance of softcopy displays. On the other hand, a full vision model implies dependence on the displayed images as well as on the display device, and may be impractical to implement. The compromise proposed here is to adopt in certain cases two color‐difference metrics, one for luminance and the other for chrominance. Because chromatic coordinates are not luminance‐independent in uniform color spaces such as CIELAB, the endpoints of the color difference are made isoluminous prior to transformation to a uniform‐color space.
23.4: Development of Authentic‐Color IPS LCD without Color Trackin
Authors: Utsumi Yuka , Hiyama Ikuo , Komura Shinichi , Tsumura Makoto , Kondo Katsumi , Suzuki Masahiko
Published: January 2005

Color tracking in an LCD, which is defined as chromaticity dependence on brightness, is analyzed in terms of the director configuration of liquid crystal with voltage. We have developed an Authentic‐color IPS, using an optimized backlight and a lower retardation panel, which can avoid color tracking. The chromaticity difference between black and white representation is below the limit of perception.
24.1: Microstructured Light Management Films for Information Displays Generated by Holography
Authors: Boerner Volkmar , Bläsi Benedikt , Gombert Andreas , Niggemann Michael , Kübler Volker
Published: January 2005

Microstructured films as optical components have become more and more important for information displays recently. Such films can act as light management components, that distribute light uniformly in LC displays or on rear projection screens. Glare control and AR can be achieved using microstructures on the front surface of displays. Recently developed large area holographic exposure techniques combined with mass replication allow a very precise definition of the optical properties of such light‐weight, cost‐effective films.
24.3: Optical and Mechanical Properties of Stretched PDLC Films for Scattering Polarizers
Authors: Amimori Ichiro , Eakin James N. , Crawford Gregory P. , Priezjev Nikolai V. , Pelcovits Robert A.
Published: January 2005

By stretching (tensile strain)a polymer dispersed liquid crystal PDLC)film the liquid crystal droplets become elliptical and a polarization separation optical element is created. These films have significant potential as scattering polarizers in liquid crystal displays LCDs). We present a relationship between the polarization properties and the tensile strain properties of PDLC scattering polarizers. In addition, we present a modeling approach using a Monte‐Carlo technique to predict the alignment of liquid crystals within the droplets and the details of their surface anchoring at the cavity wall. We also extend our investigation to reactive mesogen liquid crystal and higher order liquid crystal phases, such as ferroelectric and smectic A liquid crystal materials.
25.1: Invited Paper: Discharge Phenomena and Optical Characteristics of Color Plasma Displays Analyzed by High‐Speed Electronic Camera Systems
Authors: Uchiike Heiju , Hirakawa Takayoshi
Published: January 2005

After the brief explanation about history of color plasma displays including ac and dc type, the fundamental electrode configurations will be described concerning the basic optical and electrical characteristics. In order to clarify the operation mechanisms of color plasma displays with the surface‐ discharge electrode configuration the direct observation of discharge phenomena by using high‐speed electronic camera systems and the operation mechanisms of color plasma displays with the surface‐discharge electrode configuration will be discussed.
26.1: Optical Films for Reflective LCDs to Achieve High Image Quality
Authors: Yoshimi Hiroyuki , Yano Shuji , Fujimura Yasuo
Published: January 2005

Characteristics of reflective LCDs, which have gained a lot of notice in recent years, rely largely on optical design of circular polarizers and the quarter‐wave plates, as a component. Important design includes wavelength dispersion, viewing angle, uniformity of display and matching of refractive index. Our work has contributed to improving performance of reflective LCDs by enhancing the characteristics of polymer film using stretching and optical lamination technologies. To design that offers higher contrast and wider viewing angle, we have discovered that it is necessary to control viewing angle variation of the polarizing axis in order to compensate for the viewing angle of the polarizing film as well as the optical anisotropic properties of liquid crystal. Applying this technology to circular polarizers used for reflective LCDs enables design of wide viewing angle circular polarizers. In order to realize higher contrast for reflective LCDs, it is also necessary to design other optical materials including polarizing films. For design of hybrid optical film, it is particularly necessary to reduce surface reflection and interface reflection. This paper also reports our findings concerning this topic.
27.4: Modeling and Fabrication of Organic Vapor Phase Deposition (OVPD) Equipment for OLED Display Manufacturing
Authors: Schwambera Markus , Meyer Nico , Leder Stefan , Reinhold Markus , Dauelsberg Martin , Strauch Gerd , Heuken Michael , Juergensen Holger , Zhou Theodore , Ngo Tan , Brown Julie , Shtein Max , Forrest Stephen R.
Published: January 2005

The Principle of Organic Vapor Phase Deposition (OVPD) using AIXTRON's proprietary Close Coupled Showerhead technology will be presented and discussed. This alternative deposition technology enables substrate scalability and multiple layer deposition with high growth rates and high material efficiency. CFD‐Simulations for the temperature distribution and the mass fraction of typically used Alq3 reveal excellent process control required for homogeneous deposition and reproducible mass production. The actual production equipment will be discussed.
27.5: Late News Paper: A 130‐ppi, Full‐Color Polymer OLED Display Fabricated Using an Ink‐jet Process
Authors: Funamoto Tatsuaki , Matsueda Yojiro , Yokoyama Osamu , Tsuda Akihito , Takeshita Hiroshi , Miyashita Satoru
Published: January 2005

We have succeeded in developing the highest resolution full‐color polymer OLED display to date. A newly developed, original ink‐jet patterning system for OLEDs combined with an optimized ink material and OLED fabrication process have achieved a uniform polymer thin film on a special substrate. The OLEDs, driven by low temperature poly‐Si TFTs, offer 6‐bit full‐color for each color. Consequently, they enabled us to produce a display having uniform emission over a 2.1‐inch diagonal display area, excellent color reproduction quality, and a sharp, clear image.
8.4: Meeting the Display Requirements for Portable Applications using Zenithal Bistable Devices (ZBD)
Authors: Jones J. C. , Brett P. , Bryan‐Brown G. P. , Graham A. , Wood E. L. , Scanlon R. J. , Martin H.‐L.
Published: January 2005

Ease of manufacture, optical performance, ultra‐low power, high resolution over large areas and rugged image storage are all important display requirements for portable devices. Recent advances in the performance of Zenithal Bistable Nematic LCD are compared to these key requirements for application in hand‐held devices, smart cards and electronic readers.
28.4: A Silver gate a‐Si TFT with buffer layers for Large‐Area AMLCDs
Authors: Lee Sang Wook , Choo Byung Kwon , Kim Do Young , Cho Kyu Sik , Jang Jin
Published: January 2005

We demonstrated a silver gate hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film transistor(a‐Si:H TFT) using thin buffer layers of alumina(Al2O3) and aluminum‐nitride(AlN). An Al2O3 layer on glass substrate was deposited so as to increase adhesion between APC(> 98 wt% silver) and glass substate. An AlN layer on APC was deposited to prevent it from plasma damage during silicon‐nitride(SiNx) deposition. The Ag gate a‐Si:H TFT with these buffer layers exhibited a field‐effect mobility of 1.15 cm2/Vs, a gate voltage swing of 0.86 V/dec. and a threshold voltage of 2.5 V.
30.1: Invited Paper: Recent Developments and Future Requirements of TV Picture Images for Color Plasma Displays
Authors: Murakami Hiroshi , Kurita Taiichiro
Published: January 2005

Color PDPs have made surprising progress in recent years. Digitalization of TV systems requires high‐quality HDTV pictures for the receivers. In this paper, recent developments in TV technology, particularly HDTV picture quality on PDP, and future requirements are described.
30.3: Development of a New Gray Scale Driving Method by Controlling Wall Voltage of Addressing Step
Authors: Mizobata Eishi , Toki Kaoru , Nakamura Tadashi
Published: January 2005

A driving method displaying gray scales with single addressing has been newly developed. Accumulated wall charge quantity in addressing is changed by the data pulse voltage and beginning timing of the sustain discharge depends on the wall charge quantity. Three gray levels were displayed on an 8‐inch panel.
32.1: Invited Paper: A Comparison of Pixel Circuits for Active Matrix Polymer/Organic LED Displays
Authors: Fish D. , Young N. , Childs M. , Steer W. , George D. , McCulloch D. , Godfrey S. , Trainer M. , Johnson M. , Giraldo A. , Lifka H. , Hunter I.
Published: January 2005

In this paper measurements on several types of active matrix polymer LED (AMPLED) displays will be presented. The issues ofimage uniformity and polymer aging will be addressed by pixel circuit designs.
9.1: High Contrast Thick Dielectric GaN Electroluminescent Displays on Glass Substrates
Authors: Heikenfeld J. , Steckl A. J.
Published: January 2005

We report on a low cost flat panel display technology in which high contrast inorganic electroluminescent devices using GaN phosphors and high capacitance thick dielectrics are formed on display glass substrates. This GaN electroluminescent technology combines a simple device structure with low cost fabrication processes.
32.3: Metal‐Induced Unilaterally Crystallized Polycrystalline Silicon Thin‐Film Transistor Technology for Active‐Matrix Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Displays with Reduced Susceptibility to Cross‐Talk
Authors: Meng Zhiguo , Kwok Hoi S. , Wong Man
Published: January 2005

In active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode displays, a pixel in its non‐emitting state is determined to be more sensitive to transistor leakage than one in its emitting state. An improved device design is proposed and implemented, employing gate‐modulated lightly‐doped drain to suppress transistor leakage and to improve image quality.
32.4: Designing of Circuit Building Blocks for OLED‐on‐Silicon Microdisplays
Authors: Tan S. C. , Sun X. W.
Published: January 2005

The designing of several new circuit building blocks for OLED‐on‐silicon based microdisplay is presented. These building blocks include gated D flip‐flops for reduced power consumption, current DAC with minimized spikes, pixel cell immune from device and process variations and large output swing. Two prototypes of inverted OLED microdisplays have been designed by these building blocks for demonstration.
33.1: Invited Paper: Image Quality is FUN: Reflections on Fidelity, Usefulness and Naturalness
Authors: de Ridder Huib , Endrikhovski Serguei
Published: January 2005

Differences in perceived naturalness and image quality have led to an information‐processing approach towards understanding image quality, thus challenging the traditional, signal‐processing approach. This paper presents a general image quality model integrating both approaches. The model assumes the existence of three constraints, i.e. fidelity, usefulness and naturalness. Image quality is modeled as the weighted sum of these constraints whereby the weighting depends on task, context, image content etc. Model predictions will be confronted with experimental data on optimizing color reproductions of natural scenes.
33.2: Image Enhancement in JPEG Domain for Low‐Vision Patients
Authors: Tang Jinshan , Peli Eli
Published: January 2005

An image enhancement algorithm for low‐vision television viewing was developed. The algorithm enhances the images in the JPEG/MPEG domain by weighting the quantization table. The advantages of our algorithm are threefold: (1) Low computation (only a change of the 8×8 quantization table in the decoding stage); (2) Suitable for real‐time application; and (3) easily manipulated by individual users, because the enhancement level can be controlled at the receiver.
33.3: Color Vision Testing on Uncontrolled Displays
Authors: Galanter Eugene , Sachtler Wendelin
Published: January 2005

We describe a method to evaluate color vision deficits in school children via an Internet connection. These deficits, when genetic, occur in about 8% of males, and 1% of females. Environmental factors have also been shown to produce such deficits, although the details are not yet clear. Our corporate evaluation technology requires that validity be preserved independent of calibration errors at the viewers station.
33.4: The Impact of Non‐Immersive HMDs on the Visual Field
Authors: Woods Russell L. , Fetchenheuer Ivonne , Vargas‐Martin Fernando , Peli Eli
Published: January 2005

Both binocular and monocular HMDs designed to be used non‐immersively were found to create minimal interruption of the visual fields making them safe to wear (but probably not to use) in mobile situations. A small opaque display can be positioned to provide a see through functionality.
4.2: A New Blue Phosphor for PDP Applications
Authors: Rao R. P.
Published: January 2005

Small particle thulium activated lanthanum phosphate (LaPO4: Tm3+) phosphor samples are prepared by a solid‐state as well as sol‐gel processes in presence of flux. These phosphors exhibit a narrow band emission in blue region, peaking at 453 nm when excited by 147 and 173 nm radiation from Xenon gas mixture. They also exhibit good color saturation and better stability when excited with VUV radiation when compared with the currently available commercial phosphors such as BAM. The phosphor of present investigation, having uniform and spherical shape particles in the range 0.1 to 2 microns, is appropriate for thin phosphor screens required for PDP applications. To achieve higher brightness, these phosphors are blended with other UV excited blue emitting phosphors such as BAM. Results related to morphology, emission and degradation of these phosphors in the process and operation of plasma display panels are presented and discussed.
P‐1: Dependence of Poly‐Si TFT Characteristics on Oxide Interface Traps and Grain Boundary Traps and its Application to Diagnosis of Fabrication Processes
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi , Abe Daisuke , Inoue Satoshi , Shimoda Tatsuya
Published: January 2005

The dependence of poly‐Si TFT characteristics on the density of oxide interface traps (Dit) and grain boundary traps (Dgb) has been analyzed. The subthreshold swing and threshold voltage mainly depend on Dit, while the transistor mobility depends on Dgb. It is found that oxygen plasma treatment reduces Dit, while plasma‐enhanced chemical‐vapor deposition of tetraethylorthosilicate for gate‐oxide generates Dgb.
P‐3: Development of CMOS Six Mask and PMOS Five Mask Poly‐Si Architecture with RGB+White Color
Authors: Yi Chung , Choi Pil‐Mo , Kim Ung‐Sik , Kim Dong‐Byum , Kim Chi‐Woo , Chung Kyuha
Published: January 2005

We have developed the five mask PMOS and the six mask CMOS process architecture for poly‐Si TFT. In order to have a competitive process with that for a‐Si TFT, the simple co‐planar electrode structure whose data line electrode and pixel electrode are on the same plane was adopted. In addition, RGB + White four color technology were applied to achieve high aperture ratio and transmittance. Using the aforementioned process architecture and four color technology, 2.0 inch qCIF transmissive micro‐reflectance (TMR) device was successfully fabricated.
P‐4: Investigation on the Correlation between Layout Parameters and ESD Robustness of LTPS TFT Devices
Authors: Chu Fang‐Tsun , Tseng Huai‐Yuan , Chen Chen‐Ming , Chen Cheng‐Chung , Yeh Yung‐Hui , Hou Chun‐Lin , Chang Chih‐Yih
Published: January 2005

The electrostatic discharge (ESD) characteristics and robustness of LTPS TFT devices with different layout parameters were investigated in this paper. Several key layout parameters and device structures, such as device channel length/width, drain contact to gate spacing, contact layout geometry, gate‐overlap structure and LDD length…etc, were designed to characterize the device ESD performance by using both electrostatic discharge simulator (ETS‐910) and transmission line pulsing generator (TLPG) system. The ESD induced failure phenomena were also discussed. These layout dependent results on ESD robustness of LTPS TFTs would help designers implement the ESD protection devices or circuits on the panel of glass substrate.
P‐8: Reliability of Single‐Crystalline Si TFTs Fabricated inside a Location‐Controlled Grain
Authors: Rana V. , Ishihara R. , Metselaar J. W. , Beenakker C. I. M. , Hiroshima Y. , Abe D. , Inoue S. , Shimoda T.
Published: January 2005

The reliability of TFTs (W/L= 2.03/1.87 μm) fabricated inside a grain formed by μ‐Czochralski process was studied under static bias stress. Upon drain stress up to 14V with 300 sec, there was no threshold voltage shift observed. With strong drain bias stress with 14V, however, the initial field effect mobility of 600 cm2/Vs was decreased. The amount of decrease in the mobility decreases with laser energy density for crystallization. Upon positive gate bias stress, transfer characteristics was stable, while, upon negative bias stress, hump appeared in the curve.
P‐12: A New a‐Si:H TFT Pixel Design Compensating Threshold Voltage Degradation of TFT and OLED
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hoon , You Bong‐Hyun , Nam Woo‐Jin , Lee Hye‐Jin , Han Min‐Koo
Published: January 2005

A new active matrix organic light emitting diode (AM‐OLED) pixel design, based on the a‐Si:H TFTs, is proposed and verified by SPICE simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed pixel, which consists of 7‐TFT and 1‐capacitor and 1‐additional signal line, compensates the problem of the threshold voltage degradation in the a‐Si:H TFT and OLED.
P‐18: Environmental Impact of LCDs and CRTs
Authors: Baker Keith J. , Bardsley J. Norman
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we describe the product use and end of life (EOL) environmental impacts of LCD and CRT monitors, primarily from European and U.S. perspectives. Potential reductions in power consumption through the adoption of LCD technologies in relation to the U.S. Energy Star Program are addressed. As are the implications of the E.U.'s Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive and the Directive on the Restrictions on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronics Equipment (RoHS).
P‐19: Surface Treatment for the Enhancement of Displays' Optical Performance
Authors: Cherif M.
Published: January 2005

Surface enhancement treatments are becoming standards on the front surface of displays. In this paper design parameters for both anti reflective (AR) and anti glare (AG) treatments are presented. Emphasis is given to the AG treatment and to the relation ship between surface morphology and optical properties (reflectance) of the display.
P‐22: Tailored Holographic Micro‐Diffusers for Display Applications
Authors: Qi Jun , Rich Chris , Petersen Joel , Patel Kavita
Published: January 2005

Holographic micro‐diffusers are widely used in modern displays to provide uniform backlight systems and front projection screens. Compared to conventional diffusers, holographic micro‐diffusers can be manipulated through holographic recording process to offer unique characteristics. In this paper, we investigate the optical performance and environmental stability of both transmissive and reflective tailored micro‐diffusers™ (TMD) diffusers. A novel off‐axis holographic micro‐diffuser is also discussed.
P‐25: Color Rendering for Different 4‐ and 5‐Primary Systems
Authors: Tu Yan , Heynderickx I. , Li Xiaohua
Published: January 2005

Via simulations we designed various multi‐primary systems, and investigated their effect on color rendering in order to find the largest expansion of the color gamut of a display. Based on the matrix switching method, the color rendering in 4‐primary and 5‐primary CRT systems is calculated. Finally, the best 4‐primary system is compared to the best 5‐primary system.
P‐27: Adaptive Display Color Correction Based on Real‐time Viewing Angle Estimation
Authors: Li Baoxin , Feng Xiao‐Fan , Daly Scott , Sezan Ibrahim , Van Beek Peter , Pan Hao
Published: January 2005

We propose a method for adaptive LCD color correction through manipulating the pixel values to be displayed based on automatically detected viewing angle. The viewing angle detection is achieved through gaze/eye/face detection and tracking in the image/video captured by a camera that is fixed on the display. The proposed approach does not require physical modifications to the LCD display.
P‐28: Image Adjustment with the Tone Rendering Curve
Authors: Vuori Tero , Björknäs Kristina , Oja Joni , Lamberg Markku
Published: January 2005

This paper investigates the suitability of different tone rendering curves (gamma functions) at different external illumination levels and with different display content. It is difficult to find an optimum gamma value because image quality strongly depends on the image content and the external illumination. Tuning the tone rendering curve based on ambient light sensor and / or image content of the display would significantly increase the perceived image quality.
P‐29: Variability in Susceptibility to the Color Flash Effect in Field Sequential Color Displays
Authors: Baron Peter C. , Chase Walter
Published: January 2005

We report on a study to develop population statistics on susceptibility to the “color flash effect” (CFE) a visual artifact observed, to varying degrees, by viewers of field sequential color (FSC) displays. Subjects made saccades across a vertical bright line generated by a simulated Philips “scrolling color” FSC display, judged to be representative in this regard to conventional FSC displays. Pre‐analyzed test data from 32 young adults show that contrast ratio thresholds and luminance thresholds for CFE detection vary over (wide) ranges of log 1.2 (15.9:1) and log 1.07 (11.8:1), respectively. A statistically significant though moderate (0.40) correlation exists between the two thresholds. The results of less rigorous testing of 26 old‐than‐40 year adult indicate that CFE susceptibility is not age‐dependent. The well‐researched perceptual mislocalization of signals flashed during a saccade is identified as the primary cause of CFE.
P‐32: Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of a Carbon‐Nanotube Emitter for FEDs
Authors: Lai H.‐J. , Kung S.‐C. , Hsu C.‐M. , Li B.‐J. , Lin C.‐C. , Li A.‐K. , Lin H.‐W.
Published: January 2005

High quality multi‐walled carbon nanotubes were growth form 50–100nm carbon nanopowders by using a modified high‐temperature arc furnace without a catalyst. The microstructure and field emission properties of carbon nanotubes were investigated. Raman spectroscopy results show a strong sp2 peak indicating formation of well‐graphitized carbon nanotubes. The SEM and TEM micrographs show the microstructure of multi‐walled carbon nanotube with the diameter about 5 to 50 nm. From field emission measurement, the low onset field about 1.42 V/μ m can be obtained.
P‐33: Effect of Surface Treatments on Screen‐Printed Carbon‐Nanotube Films by Argon Plasma
Authors: Lee Jung‐Ah , Lee Yang‐Doo , Moon Seung‐Il , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Lee Yun‐Hi , Park Jeung‐Hoon , Han Jong‐Hun , Yoo Jae‐Eun
Published: January 2005

We have investigated effects of post‐treatment of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) films on field emission characteristics. CNTs films were prepared with Ar plasma treatment of different exposure times. With the Ar plasma treatment, electron emission at low threshold field was observed and higher emission current at 2.9 V/μm was generated, compared to the untreated films. Also the field emission site density of CNTs films was improved by Ar plasma treatment. We show that electrons can be emitted from not only CNT tip but also irradiation‐induced defects on CNTs walls.
P‐35: Field Emission of Herringbone‐Type Carbon Nano Fiber
Authors: Kim Kwang‐Bok , Song Y.‐H. , Hwang C.‐S. , Lee S.‐ H. , Jung H.‐G. , Koo K.‐W.
Published: January 2005

The characteristic of herringbone type carbon nano fiber (HB‐CNF) emitter was described. HB‐CNF prepared by thermal CVD was mixed with binders and conductive materials, and then were formed by screen‐printing process. In order to obtain efficient field emissions, the surface treatment of rubbing & peel‐off was applied to the printed CNF emitters. The basic structure of FED was of a diode type through fully vacuum packaging. Also, we proposed a new field emitter as field emission display.
P‐36: Effects of Binder Materials in CNT Paste on Field Emission Properties for CNT‐Cathode Applications
Authors: Cho Young‐Rae , Choi Woo‐Suk , Shin Hoe‐Young , Ahn Byung‐Gun , Kim Dong‐Hee , Lee Dong‐Gu
Published: January 2005

The effects of binder materials in carbon nanotube (CNT) paste on field emission properties were investigated with respect to high‐efficient CNT‐cathode applications. The binder materials that bond the CNTs to a cathode electrode were composed of an insulating glass‐frit and a conducting Ag‐paste. The dependence of the electrical conductivity of CNT paste comprised of binder material and CNTs ink on the field enhancement factor was investigated using the Fowler‐Norheim equation. CNT films were prepared via a screen‐printing process using the CNT paste. The emission current from the CNT cathode by an electron tunneling effect was increased with increasing ratio of the dielectric glass‐frit fraction in the CNT paste. The reason for the larger emission current from the CNT cathode containing insulating binder materials is due to the increased effective height of CNTs which protrude over the film in the cathode electrode, which effects the field enhancement factor.
P‐37: An Optimized Boost Table Measurement Method for Response Time Acceleration in LCD
Authors: Kim Taesung , Park Bongim , Park Jinhyeok , Berkeley Brian H. , Kim Sang Soo
Published: January 2005

A new measurement scheme is proposed to generate an optimized boost table for video rate LCD response time compensation. This method, which closely follows basic theory, enables up to a 90% reduction in the lookup table creation time compared to conventional methods. Furthermore, while conventional approaches require all measurements to be repeated in order to load the entire LUT whenever key parameters such as refresh rate or boost intensity are modified, the method proposed in this paper allows the new table to be calculated by utilizing saved waveform data without the need for any repeated measurements.
P‐44: A study of the Energy Consumption in Bistable Displays and their HV‐Drivers
Authors: Vermandel M. , Doutreloigne J.
Published: January 2005

A detailed study of the energy consumption to put an image on a bistable display is presented. For this purpose, general formulae are derived to A) calculate the energy sourced to the capacitive display by the drivers and B) calculate the energy dissipated inside the drivers to make the driver work correctly. It is found that in displays with low image frame rate, the internal power dissipation of standard high voltage drivers due to the required level shifting is much higher than the energy sourced to the bistable display. Using a new driver architecture, based on dynamic charge control, the driver dissipation is reduced with several orders of magnitude. This results in much lower total power consumption, and a dramatic improvement on the operating time in battery powered applications.
P‐45: On‐Chip ESD Protection Design for UXGA/HDTV LCoS in 0.35‐μm CMOS Technology
Authors: Ker Ming‐Dou , Chen Shih‐Hung , Tseng Tang‐Kui
Published: January 2005

A successful electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection design scheme for UXGA/HDTV LCoS product has been proposed and verified in this paper. HBM and MM ESD robustness of the LCoS with both of low‐voltage (LV) and high‐voltage (HV) ESD protection design can achieve above 3.5kV and 200V. The analysis on I‐V curve shifting of I/O pin shows the ESD damages on the GGNMOS in I/O ESD protection.
LP‐13: Late‐News Poster: A Study of Motion Adaptive CODEC Feedforward Driving without SDRAM
Authors: Someya Jun , Okuda Noritaka
Published: January 2005

Authors have been engaged in the development of a feed forward driving technique, as part of the overdrive technique to improve the response time of liquid crystal displays. They have developed, in particular, a compression feed forward driving system in which an image compression technique was applied, focusing on a method of reducing the frame memory necessary for the signal processing of overdrives. Further, they are now studying motion adaptive CODEC feed forward driving that reduces the amount of overdrive errors by adding a motion‐adaptive process to the image decoding section in cFFD. This paper discusses macFFD that does not use SDRAM as the overdrive for entry model LCD TVs. Setting the image compression ratio to 1/10 or so will enable the fabrication of frame memory for overdrive for SDTV using SRAM.
P‐46: Plastic Displays — Latest Developments in Polyester Film for Plastic Electronics
Authors: MacDonald W. A. , Rollins K. , MacKerron D. , Eveson R. , Rustin R. A. , Rakos K. , Handa M.
Published: January 2005

DuPont Teijin Films(DTF have developed a family of films engineered specifically for the flexible electronics market. Teonex®Q65 is a biaxially oriented crystalline polyester with an engineered surface and it is emerging as a competitive material for the base substrate in OLED displays and active matrix backplanes. This contribution will describe the properties of this film, its uniquely different property set compared to amorphous high performance films and discuss examples of the film in use in flexible electronic applications.
P‐48: High Transparent Metal Electrode for Flexible Displays
Authors: Lee Chan‐Jae , Moon Dae‐Gyu , Pode Ramchandra , Han Jung‐In , Park Noh‐Hoon , Baik Sung‐Ho , Ju Seung‐Sam
Published: January 2005

In this study, a high transparent electrode using metal for flexible displays, deposited by the vacuum thermal technique, is investigated. Double layer electrode, consisting of the calcium of 10nm and silver of 10nm, has a high transmittance over 75%, having in addition a low resistance below 12Ω/sq. This deposition process of Ca‐Ag thin metal electrode is without any permanent damage to underlying organic layers and strong against any mechanical deformation.
P‐51: Application of Electrodeposition Method for the Manufacture of LCD Color Filter
Authors: Wu Yaw‐Ting , Wen Chun‐Hsing , Cheng Shu‐Huey , Yasukawa Jun‐Ichi
Published: January 2005

We have successfully used electrodeposition method to make three different types of color filter for LCD, including the transmissive, the reflective and the COA (Color Filter on Array). Comparing with the conventional PDCR (Pigment Dispersion Color Resist) method, the process of lithography is reduced or even no longer needed to accomplish the arrangement of colored pixels.
P‐53: Vacuum In‐Line Sealed CNT‐FED Fabricated by A Screen‐printing of Photo‐sensitive CNT Paste
Authors: Kwon Sang Jik , Shon Byeong Kyoo , Chung Hak June , Lee Jong Duk , Cho Euo Sik , Uh Hyung Soo , Lee Chun Gyoo
Published: January 2005

A carbon nanotube field emission display(CNT FED) panel with a 2 inch diagonal size was fabricated by using a screen printing of a prepared photo‐sensitive CNT paste and vacuum in‐line sealing technology. After a surface treatment of the patterned CNT, only the carbon nanotube tips are uniformly exposed on the surface. The diameter of the exposed CNTs are usually about 20nm. The sealing temperature of the panel was around 390 °C and the vacuum level was obtained with 1.4×10−5 torr at the sealing. The field emission properties of the diode type CNT FED panel were characterized. Now, we are developing a triode type CNT FED with a self‐aligned gate‐emitter structure.