bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bir Devlet Hastanesine Başvuran Gebelerin Batıl İnançlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÇELİK GÖKKAYA Ayşen , ÖZKAN Hava
Published: May 2022

Amaç: Bu araştırma, gebelerin batıl inançlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Araştırma, Mayıs 2018–Ocak 2019 tarihleri arasında Manavgat Devlet Hastanesi kadın doğum polikliniklerine ve NST birimine antenatal bakım almak için gelen 350 gebe ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler; kişisel bilgi formu ve batıl inanç ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; yüzdelik dağılımlar, ortalama, t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Gebelerin batıl inanç ölçeğinden aldıkları toplam puan ortalaması 35.64±11.23 olarak bulunmuştur. Gebelerin yaş, çalışma durumu, aile tipi, ekonomik durum ve gebelik sayısı ile batıl inanç ölçeği puan ortalamaları arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı bulunmuştur (p>0.05). Araştırmada gebelerin eğitim durumları ve yaşadığı yer ile batıl inanç ölçeği puan ortalamaları arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Sonuç: Gebelerin batıl inanç ölçeğinden aldıkları toplam puan ortalamalarına göre batıl inançlarının orta düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gebelerin yaş, çalışma durumu, aile tipi, ekonomik durum ve gebelik sayısının batıl inanç ölçeği puan ortalamalarını etkilemediği ancak eğitim ve yaşadığı yerin puan ortalamalarını etkilediği bulunmuştur.
Beyond the rhetoric: promoting ethnic, social diversity and inclusiveness in the workplace for a peaceful national cohesion, a critical review of Nigeria’s Federal Character Commission (FCC)
Authors: John Oluremi Oluwatosin , Roberts Precious , Nwoye May Ifeoma
Published: May 2022

In an ever-changing demographics in the workplace, workforce diversity and its benefits has become a topical issue. There is an underlying linkage and interconnection among geographically, socially and economically diverse groups in Nigeria.   Whenever this diversity is not understood properly or is misinterpreted, there arises tensions, disputes or situations of conflict. This paper aims to explicitly explore the role of Nigeria’s Federal Character Commission (FCC) in achieving real workforce diversity including ethnic and social representation.
Model of accommodation of planar shear mesodefect
Authors:   Federal Research Center Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Science, Nizhny Novgorod, 603024, Kirikov S. V. , Perevezentsev V. N. ,   Federal Research Center Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Science, Nizhny Novgorod, 603024,   Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russian Federation, Pupynin A. S. ,   Federal Research Center Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Science, Nizhny Novgorod, 603024
Published: May 2022

A model of accommodative plastic deformation and relaxation of elastic energy of planar shear mesodefects at grain boundaries resulting from inhomogeneous plastic deformation of polycrystals is proposed. It is shown that this process can be carried out by sequential splitting off from the mesodefect and leaving dislocation walls into the grain body. Keywords: grain boundary, mesodefect, accommodation plastic deformation, slip band
Submaximal Walking Tests: A Review of Clinical Use
Authors: Roberts Dawn E. , Futrell Erin E. , Toole Eric
Published: May 2022

Though graded exercise testing is the gold standard for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness, submaximal exercise testing is also useful to assess cardiorespiratory status and functional capacity when maximal testing is not feasible. Submaximal walking tests are advantageous as they have less risk, lower cost, require less time and equipment, and walking is a familiar activity that is easy to do in most environments. A number of submaximal walking tests exist for both overground and treadmill walking. Regression equations to predict V̇o2max values based on walking time, distance, and other variables that influence exercise tolerance have been developed for some submaximal tests, including the Rockport Fitness Walking Test and the Single-Stage Treadmill Walk Test. The 6-Minute Walk Test is a common test used in clinical populations to predict prognosis and assess change in functional capacity after intervention. Determining which submaximal walking test to use depends on purpose and setting, subject characteristics, equipment availability, space, and time. This review will provide clinicians with an overview of submaximal walking test protocols and provide reference equations and minimal clinically important difference values to interpret results.
Model analisis islam dalam perspektif islam
Authors: Rezky Sri
Published: May 2022

IS-LM terdiri dari IS dan LM. IS adalah Invesment Saving yang berarti pasar barang sedangkan LM adalah Liquidity Money yang berarti pasar uang. Model IS-LM menjelaskan interaksi antara dua pasar, yaitu pasar barang dan pasar uang.
IDENTIFYING THE DECENT WORK PROBLEM BASED ON THE EMPLOYMENT DATA OF PARENTS OF UNPAD STUDENTS IN 2017
Authors: Mohammad Wily , Maulidiyah Nabilla Ryca
Published: May 2022

Realizing decent work is goal number 8 in the SDGs. Employers are required by law to pay their employees a minimum monthly salary in return for work that has been completed or will be completed on their behalf. This research aims to identify the problem of decent work from the employment data of parents of UNPAD 2017 students. We will determine, based on the statistics, whether or not the job comprised decent work, whether or not there is imbalance in the wages, and what kinds of jobs give low and high wages. The conclusions are: (1) Using the 2018 Jakarta minimum wages, with data as many as 4959 Unpad students’ fathers in 2017, there is a decent work problem in the work of fathers because the wages are below the Jakarta minimum wages per month. The number is 465 fathers (9.38%). As much as 90.62% can be said to get decent work. (2) There is an imbalance in wages, which is Rp. 66,486,681.7. This also happens because of differences in work and the burden of responsibilities carried. Different jobs certainly produce different wages. (3) The job of parents of Unpad students in 2017 that provided the largest average wage was the DPR with a figure of Rp. 68,500,000. While the smallest is Laborers with a figure of Rp 2,013,318.3. (4) Unpad provides a solution for parents who have little or even no income by providing scholarships for students, information on scholarships available from external sources, and adjusting their tuition fees according to the economic conditions experienced by students and their parents.
MODEL ANALISIS IS-LM DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Azifah Nurul
Published: May 2022

IS-LM terdiri dari IS dan LM. IS adalah Invesment Saving yang berarti pasar barang sedangkan LM adalah Liquidity Money yang berarti pasar uang. Model IS-LM menjelaskan interaksi antara dua pasar, yaitu pasar barang dan pasar uang.
KEWIRAUSAHAAN KATERING DIET SEHAT
Authors: Astuti Endang
Published: May 2022

Pada zaman sekarang ini banyak orang yang ingin membuat acara atau kegiatan secara sederhana dan efisien. Contohnya dalam hal menyiapkan mmakanan dan hidangaan asanya mereka lebih sering memilih untuk memesan makanan dari pada membuatnya sendiri dengan alasan pertimbanganwaktu dan tenaga walaupun memang sedikit merogo dana yanhg lumayan banyak. Dari pemikiran iniliah saya mempunyai ide untuk membuat bisnis katering diet sehat
Hãy cho mình cơ hội và dấn thân đón nhận thử thách phía trước
Authors: Trang Vũ Thu
Published: May 2022

SVVN - Nguyễn Thanh Nhàn, sinh năm 2000, hiện là sinh viên năm 4 của trường ĐH Ngoại thương Hà Nội. Những nỗ lực trong suốt 3 năm học đại học đã giúp cô bạn có được những thành công nhất định trên hành trình chinh phục và khám phá tiềm năng của bản thân. Mới đây, đội thi của Nhàn cũng đạt điểm số cao nhất toàn cầu vòng 3 cuộc thi Sáng tạo Kinh doanh Xã hội (SBC) do trường ĐH HEC Montreal tổ chức. (SVVN; 19-8-2021)
Analisis Perubahan Kearifan Lokal Pertanian Masyarakat di Kabupaten Karo
Authors: Putra Rizki Aditya
Published: May 2022

Keragaman suku bangsa di Indonesia memunculkan banyak kebudayaan. Kebudayaan yang ada terbagi dalam berbagai sektor, khususnya pada sektor pertanian. Masyarakat pertanian dari berbagai daerah memiliki nilai-nilai yang berbeda dengan ciri khas yang berbeda-beda. Salah satunya yaitu masyarakat pertanian di daerah Karo, Sumatera Utara. Mereka memiliki kearifan lokal tersendiri yang berhubungan dengan sektor pertanian. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data yaitu melalui pendekatan kualitatif dan data yang digunakan yaitu data primer dan data sekunder hasil studi literatur. Budaya dan tradisi di Kabupaten Karo sudah ada sejak dahulu ketika pertanian hanya bermodalkan cangkul dalam kegiatan bertaninya. Satu kali musim tanam dahulu terdapat istilah “Aron”. Aron berasal dari kata sisaron yang berarti saling membantu. Penyebutan sisaron digunakan untuk saling membantu mengurangi beban yang ada pada seseorang ataupun kelompok (Karo, 2021). Aron saat ini sudah berbeda makna dengan jaman dahulu. Sebutan aron singemo diberikan petani Karo bagi buruh tani atau pekerja di lahan pertanian yang harus dibayar uangdalam hitungan jam kerja tertentu. Perubahan pertanian di kabupaten Karo berhubungan dengan sistem sosial budaya, dimana saat ini perkembangan zaman begitu pesat dan cepat sehingga tuntutan dan kebutuhan hidup sangat tinggi.
KEBIJAKAN MONETER PRESPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Azifah Nurul
Published: May 2022

Dari uraian diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa Islam memiliki kebijakan moneter tersendiri yang berbeda dengan sistem ekonomi lainnya. Pada aspek tujuan Islam tidak hanya menekankan equilibrium antara permintaan dan penawaran uang akan tetapi juga mengupayakan terjadinya pemerataan dengan prinsip keadilan dan persaudaraan, sehingga tercipta distribusi kekayaan dan pendapatan secara adil pula
A single nucleotide variant on chromosome 12 residing within IFNG distinguishes patients with luminal B breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2022

Molecular subtypes including luminal subtypes A and B drive patient outcomes in human breast cancer but the biological basis for this is not completely understood (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing genetic and transcriptional features of tumors of each breast cancer molecular subtype. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs2069718, residing within IFNG, as among the most significant genetic differences in the tumors of patients with luminal B breast cancer. Analysis of a separate cohort of patients with luminal B subtype breast cancer demonstrated that the IFNG gene was not differentially expressed, however. Kaplan-Meier survival data revealed that IFNG primary tumor expression was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal-like and HER2+ breast cancer. Sequence variation in the IFNG gene may be important in understanding differences in genetic background that favor development of luminal B subtype human breast cancer.
Resume Ekonomi Makro Syariah, Kebijakan Moneter Islam
Authors: SYAHRA AISYAH
Published: May 2022

Kebijakan Moneter adalah suatu usaha dalam mengendalikan keadaan ekonomi makro agar dapat berjalan sesuai dengan yang diinginkan melalui pengaturan jumlah uang yang beredar dalam perekonomian.
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Dengan Lingkungan
Authors: Rahmi Resti Aulia
Published: May 2022

Lingkungan dapat berperan penting bagi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Yesus Sebagai Juru Selamat
Authors: budiarto pipit hastari
Published: May 2022

Dalam dunia ini, khususnya di Indonesia terdapat banyak kepercayaan dan keyakinan dari setiap masing-masing orang. Setiap kepercayaan dan keyakinan yang dimiliki setiap orang berbeda-beda dan kepercayaan itu dipegang dengan erat oleh setiap mereka yang menganutnya. Dalam kepercayaan dan keyakinan tersebut munculah agama didalamnya. Agama merupakan suatu hal yang dimana merupakan kebutuhan umat manusia untuk dapat mengenal Tuhan yang akan menjadi tempat pemujaan dimana merupakan kebutuhan dari ciptaan untuk mengenal Sang pencipta untuk disembah sehingga ciptaan juga dapat mencari keselamatan dari Sang pencipta tersebut. Keselamatan adalah suatu yang realita yang ada dibalik banyak frase yang berbeda dan sering kali membingungkan dan menjadi salah satu dari tujuan yang bertantangan dengan agama-agama lain dan juga kesemalatan ini adalah suatu kebahagiaan kekal dalam pembenaran dan pengudusan orang berdosa. Karena dosa bersifat universal, maka pada dasarnya manusia itu menyukai dosa. namun manusia tidak mampu melakukan penyelamatan atas dirinya sendiri, maka mereka memerlukan pribadi yang membebaskan mereka dari belenggu dosa, dan yang mampu melakukan misi penyelamatan tersebut adalah Yesus Kristus. Bapa berinisiatif mengutus Anaknya yang Tunggal sebagai jalan pengembalian citra manusia yang sudah rusak dengan harapan mereka bisa kembali kepada kebenaran Allah.
KESENIAN MASYARAKAT BANJAR BALAMUT
Authors: Nurkamilah
Published: May 2022

Budaya adalah cara hidup yang berkembang, dimiliki bersama oleh sekelompok orang, dan diturunkan dari generasi ke generasi. Budaya terdiri dari banyak elemen kompleks, termasuk sistem agama dan politik, adat istiadat, bahasa, peralatan, pakaian, bangunan, dan karya seni. Bahasa dan budaya merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari manusia, sehingga banyak orang cenderung menganggapnya sebagai warisan dari generasi ke generasi. Budaya lisan merupakan salah satu warisan budaya daerah dan memiliki nilai-nilai luhur yang perlu dipahami dan dikembangkan dalam kaitannya dengan upaya pembinaan dan pengembangan masyarakat lokal yang mandiri. Budaya lisan di Kalimantan Selatan ini dikenal dengan istilah Lamut (bercerita), ini merupakan seni tutur khas Banjar yang terancam punah. Pelestarian budaya lamut menjadi penting karena mengandung nilai kearifan lokal sebagai warisan nenek moyang masyarakat Kalimantan Selatan dengan nilai-nilai yang mencerminkan kekayaan jiwa, karakter, filosofi, dan peradaban lingkungan yang dibentuk dan dibina pada masanya.
NEGARA SERIKAT ATAU FEDERASI
Authors: Yuliyanti Nadila
Published: May 2022

Istilah negara adalah negara yang menganut bentuk dan makanisme sistem pemerintahan dengan mewujudkan kedaualatan rakyat ditangan rakyat atas negara untuk dijalankan oleh pemerintah negara tersebut. Secara etimologis, istilah negara di terjemahkan dari kata asing “Staat” (bahasa Belanda end Jerman), “State” (bahasa Inggris). “Etat” (bahasa Prancis) dan diahlikan menjadi kata lain “statum” atau “Statum”. Kata atau makna ini merupakan istilah abstrak yang memiliki tegak atau tetap, serta mulai di perkenalkan pada abad ke-15 di Eropa Barat, serta bahasa latin status atau statum berkaitan dengan buku The Prince karya Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) yang hidup masa zaman pertengahan. Dan bahada arab di sebut دول artinya kerajaan, negara, kuasa. Menurut Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia menyebutkan bahwa negara diartikan sebagai organisasi suatu wilayah yang mempunyai peran atau kekuasan tertinggi yang sah di mata rakyat, dan kelompok sosial yang menduduki wilayah tersebut atau daerah tertentu yang diorganisasi bahwa lembaga politk dan pemerintahan yang efektif dan mempunyai kesatuan politk yang berdaulat sehingga berhak menentukan tujuan nya.Istilah yang di pergunakan oleh suatu bangsa untuk menyebutkan negara sebagimana diketahui bukti-bukti sejarah ternyata tidak seragam. Sebagai kita ketahui ada berbagai macam istilah yang dikenal dalam literatur yang berkaitan dengan suatu negara seperti istilah imperium, land, rich, rijk, dan dll. Masing-masing tersebut memiliki istilah tersendiri dan makna yang berbeda-beda. Secara lambat laut berkembang suatu istilah secara umun dapat di terima dan tepat nya mengambarkan pengertian tentang negara.
DAMPAK COVID-19 TERHADAP EKSPOR IMPOR BAGI PT GARDATAMA LOGISTIK
Authors: Sari Olyvia Puspita , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: May 2022

In many countries, world exchange is one of the fundamental variables for increasing GDP. Global exchanges have existed for thousands of years, and their influence on financial, social, and political interests has only been felt over the last few hundred years. Exchanges around the world also empower industrialization, advances in transportation, globalization, and the presence of organizations around the world. To prevent the exchange of dangerous goods, global participation is required. Currently, the world of cargo delivery services is growing rapidly, this is because many companies entrust the delivery of their goods through freight forwarding services. Good administration is highly desirable in offices and organizations that assist functional training in the field of shipping administration (Freight Forwaders) in offering this type of assistance to clients. PT Gardatama Logistik is an office engaged in the cargo forwarder sector, especially products and imports. The motivation behind this article is that PT Gardatama Logistik as a cargo forwarder is expected to be able to complete business training quickly, precisely and precisely to help with quality administration for clients from various regions.
Việt Nam chống dịch COVID-19 bước đầu thành công nhờ bài học từ dịch SARS
Authors: Quang Duy
Published: May 2022

TPO - Tính đến sáng 22/4, số ca mắc COVID-19 tại Việt Nam là 268. Việt Nam không ghi nhận trường hợp mắc mới kể từ chiều ngày 16/4/2020 và chưa có trường hợp nào tử vong.
A single nucleotide variant on chromosome 12 residing within YEATS4 distinguishes patients with luminal B breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2022

Molecular subtypes including luminal subtypes A and B drive patient outcomes in human breast cancer but the biological basis for this is not completely understood (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing genetic and transcriptional features of tumors of each breast cancer molecular subtype. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs315113, residing within YEATS4, as among the most significant genetic differences in the tumors of patients with luminal B breast cancer. In a separate cohort of patients with luminal B subtype breast cancer, we observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of a YEATS4 transcript. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that YEATS4 primary tumor expression was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal A breast cancer. Sequence variation in the YEATS4 gene may be important in understanding differences in genetic background that favor development of luminal B subtype human breast cancer.
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan Lingkungan
Authors: Putri Suci Melaty
Published: May 2022

Kaitan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan lingkungan
Bentuk Negara Serikat”
Authors: Aditiyas M.Ryan Dwi
Published: May 2022

Indonesia atau dikenal dengan istilah Nusantara pada dulunya merupakan wilayah yang sangat strategis berada di jalur lalu lintas dunia antara benua Asia dan Australia dan samudra Hindia dan Samudara pasifik. Secara Geografis Indonesia merupakan negara dengan laut terbesar didunia. Luas wilayah Indonesia sekitar 3.1 Juta Km2, dengan panjang garis garis pantai 81.000 Km2 . Indonesia yang kita kenal sekarang hari ini memiliki rangkaiaan sejarah yang cukup panjang. (Abdurrahman Hamid. 2015: 1) Kejayaan Indonesia tidak bisa dipisahkan dari peranan Nusantara masa lampau .Pada masa Hindu Budha Indonesia yang dikenal dengan Nusantara terdapat banyak kerajaan kecil dan besar yang berjaya. Namun ada dua Kerajaan Hindu Budha yang kejayaanya tidak dapat di tandingi oleh bangsa lain yakni Sriwijaya dan Majapahit. Pasca ekistensi Kerajaan Hindu Budha di Nusanatra kemudian dilanjutkan dengan kejayaan Kesultanan Islam, pada masa Kesultanan Islam muncul banyak Kerajaan besar yang bercorak Islam seperti Samudra Pasai, Aceh, Mataram Islam, Demak, Banten, Makasar, Tarnate Tidore, Banjar, Palembang dan lain-lainya. Seiring dengan kemajuaan Kesultanan Islam di Nusantara datanglah bangsa barat ke Nusantara. Pada masa pemerintahan kolonial Belanda Indonesia disebut dengan nama Hindia Timur Belanda. Kata Indonesia berasal dari ahli etnologi Jerman bernama Jordan yang belajar di Belanda. Karena kedekatan kepulauaan Indonesia dengan India, dia menyebutkan Kepulauaan Hindia. Nesos adalah bahasa yunani yang berarti kepulauan, kemudian Indusnesos dan pada akhir katanya menjadi Indonesia.. Kekalahan tentara sekutu dari tantara Jepang dalam perang Asia Pasifik (Perang Asia Timur Raya) pada tahun 1941. Jepang kemudian berhasil menuduki Indonesia dan mendirikan pemerintahan Militer dari tahun 1942 hiingga 1945. Pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1945 teks Proklamasi dibacakan oleh Sukarno-Hatta dikumandangkan di pegangsaan Timur no 56 Jakarta.
Mapping moral language on U.S. presidential primary campaigns reveals rhetorical networks of political division and unity
Authors: Hackenburg Kobi , Brady William J. , Tsakiris Manos
Published: May 2022

During political campaigns, candidates use rhetoric to advance competing visions and assessments of their country. Research reveals that the moral language used in this rhetoric can significantly influence citizens’ political attitudes and behaviors; however, the moral language actually used in the rhetoric of elites during political campaigns remains understudied. Using a dataset of every tweet (N = 139,412) published by 39 U.S. presidential candidates during the 2016 and 2020 primary elections, we extracted moral language and constructed network models illustrating how candidates’ rhetoric is semantically connected. These network models yielded two key discoveries. First, we find that party affiliation clusters can be reconstructed solely based on the moral words used in candidates’ rhetoric. Within each party, popular moral values are expressed in highly similar ways, with Democrats emphasizing careful and just treatment of individuals and Republicans emphasizing in-group loyalty and respect for social hierarchies. Second, we illustrate the ways in which outsider candidates like Donald Trump can separate themselves during primaries by using moral rhetoric that differs from their parties’ common language. Our findings demonstrate the functional use of strategic moral rhetoric in a campaign context and show that unique methods of text network analysis are broadly applicable to the study of campaigns and social movements.
Associations between aerobic fitness, negative symptoms, cognitive deficits and brain structure in schizophrenia - a cross-sectional study
Authors: Maurus Isabel
Published: May 2022

Background and Hypothesis: Negative symptoms and cognitive deficits are common in individuals with schizophrenia, greatly affect their outcome and have been associated with alterations in cerebral grey and white matter volume (GMV, WMV). In the last decade, aerobic endurance training has emerged as a promising intervention to alleviate these symptoms and improved aerobic fitness has been suggested as a key moderator variable. In the present study, we investigated for the first time in a cross-sectional design, whether aerobic fitness is associated with fewer cognitive deficits and negative symptoms and with GMV and WMV changes in individuals with schizophrenia. Study Design: In the largest study to date on the implications of fitness in individuals with schizophrenia, 111 participants at two centres underwent assessments of negative symptoms, cognitive functioning, and aerobic fitness and 69 underwent additional structural magnetic resonance imaging. Multilevel Bayesian partial correlations were computed to quantify relationships between the variables of interest.Study Results: The main finding was a positive association of aerobic fitness with right hippocampal GMV and WMVs in parahippocampal and several cerebellar regions. We found limited evidence for an association of aerobic fitness with cognitive functioning and negative symptoms.Conclusions: In summary, our results strengthen the notion that aerobic fitness and hippocampal plasticity are interrelated which holds implications for the design of exercise interventions in individuals with schizophrenia.
thirt: An R package for the Thurstonian Item Response Theory model using Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Linh Le
Published: May 2022

Personality assessments are becoming increasingly popular outside of the academic settings, including hiring and promotion decisions. In these high-stakes settings, traditional personality questionnaires using Likert scales tend to incur response biases, in which participants may easily manipulate their responses to fit a desirable personality profile. Forced-choice questionnaires prevent biased responding by asking participants to rank different items each describing different constructs, which might be equally as socially desirable. However, these assessments provide ipsative scores that cannot be compared between individuals. The current paper describes thirt, an R package created specifically to simulate and estimate parameters under the Thurstonian Item Response Theory model for multi-dimensional forced-choice questionnaires. We will (1) explain the motivation behind forced-choice questionnaires for personality assessments, (2) describe the fundamentals of item response theory models in general and specifications of the current model, (3) describe the data generation model and Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation algorithm behind thirt, and (4) present simulation results that compares parameter recovery and performance between thirt and the R package thurstonianIRT which relies on existing general-purpose algorithms to fit the model. This paper provides evidence that by creating an estimation algorithm specific to this model, we are able to successfully and efficiently recover important parameters.
Practitioners’, Researchers’ and Students’ Trust in Research: Sensitivity to P-hacking
Authors: Conry-Murray Clare , McConnon Ann , Bower Morgan
Published: May 2022

The replication crisis has shown that research in psychology and other fields including biology is not as robust as previously thought. In response, methods have been introduced to address the problem and increase reproducibility, including two methods that are the focus here: (1) preregistration of study hypotheses and methods, and (2) analysis of whether p-hacking may have occurred through patterns of p-values. Each is easy to find, even in short summaries of research, but do consumers of research recognize these indicators as evidence of trustworthiness? In the current study, we examined how professionals (n = 111), researchers (n = 74) and undergraduate students (n = 78) judged the trustworthiness of short descriptions of research in their field, which varied in terms of whether there was a reference to a preregistration or evidence of potential p-hacking. Overall, participants trusted studies less when they were not preregistered. Researchers and professionals, but not students were sensitive to evidence of p-hacking. We suggest that education about questionable research practices like p-hacking and hypothesizing after the results are known needs to be improved.
Age-Related Changes to the Attentional Modulation of Temporal Binding
Authors: Pepper Jessica , Usherwood Barrie , Nuttall Helen
Published: May 2022

During multisensory integration, the time range within which visual and auditory information can be perceived as synchronous and bound together is known as the temporal binding window (TBW). With increasing age, the TBW becomes wider, such that older adults erroneously, and often dangerously, integrate sensory inputs that are asynchronous. Recent research suggests that attentional cues can narrow the width of the TBW in younger adults, sharpening temporal perception and increasing the accuracy of integration. However, due to their age-related declines in attentional control, it is not yet known whether older adults can deploy attentional resources to narrow the TBW in the same way as younger adults.This study investigated the age-related changes to the attentional modulation of the TBW. 30 younger and 30 older adults completed a cued-spatial-attention version of the stream-bounce illusion, assessing the extent to which the visual and auditory stimuli were integrated when presented at three different stimulus onset asynchronies, and when attending to a validly-cued or invalidly-cued location. A 2 x 2 x 3 mixed ANOVA revealed that when participants attended to the validly-cued location (i.e. when attention was present), susceptibility to the stream-bounce illusion decreased. However, crucially, this attentional manipulation significantly affected audiovisual integration in younger adults, but not in older adults. These findings suggest that older adults have multisensory integration-related attentional deficits. Directions for future research and practical applications surrounding treatments to improve the safety of older adults’ perception and navigation through the environment are discussed.
Signal in the noise: Dimensions of predictability in the home auditory environment are associated with neurobehavioral measures of early infant sustained attention
Authors: Werchan Denise , Brandes-Aitken Annie , Brito Natalie Hiromi
Published: May 2022

The home auditory environment influences the development of early language abilities, and excessive noise exposure is increasingly linked with deficits in language and reading scores in children. However, fewer studies have considered the role of noise exposure in shaping the development of attentional processing in early infancy, a foundational neurocognitive skill relevant for learning. Here we used passive at-home auditory recording to investigate how multiple dimensions of infants’ home auditory environments, including both the quantity and the predictability of auditory input, impacts neural and behavioral measures of sustained attention in 3-month-old infants. Results indicated that infants who were exposed to more predictable patterns of auditory input in the home demonstrated longer overall time in sustained attention during laboratory assessments. In addition, infants’ who experienced more predictable auditory input also demonstrated greater relative increases in EEG frontal theta power during periods of sustained attention, a neural marker relevant to information processing and attentional control. These findings provide novel evidence into the importance of the predictability of early environmental inputs in shaping developing cortical circuitry and attentional systems from the first months of postnatal life.
Conjunctival Relaxing Incisions with a Bare Bed: An Overlooked Privilege in Contracted Sockets
Authors: Kurian Deepthi Elizabeth , Peter Jayanthi , Selvin Satheesh Solomon T
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The aim of reconstruction of a contracted socket is to retain a satisfactory prosthesis. Simple procedures to modify the socket architecture as first line options could avoid multiple staged procedures, increased surgical time, harvesting tissues or use of allografts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of modifying the socket architecture by making conjunctival relaxing incisions leaving it bare to re-epithelialize and compare it to dermis-fat graft.
Materials and methods: A retrospective review of all socket reconstruction surgeries in our hospital over a period of 10 years (July 2009 to June 2019) was done. The two procedures which were compared were dermis-fat graft (DFG) and conjunctival relaxing incisions (CRI) without a graft. In the latter, the split conjunctiva was left bare under a conformer and temporary tarsorrhaphy. The conjunctiva was allowed to re-epithelialize under cover of topical antibiotic and steroid.
Results: The patients included had a mean age of 24 years (n=8) in the DFG group and 36 years (n=10) in the CRI group. The most common cause of anophthalmic socket was enucleation for tumour and evisceration for trauma in the two groups, respectively. Six patients (75%) in the DFG group and six (60%) in the CRI group achieved good prosthesis retention (P = 0.51). None had post-operative infection.
Conclusion: Transverse conjunctival relaxing incisions with tissue stretching can be a safe first line option to rehabilitate a contracted socket.
Evaluation of Resident Satisfaction Towards Cataract Surgery Training in Nepalese Ophthalmology Residency Programs
Authors: Pant Nayana , Bhatta Subash
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Although cataract surgery training is considered an integral part of all ophthalmology residency programs in Nepal, there is no literature about the training patterns and its effectiveness. The objective was to study the perspectives of young ophthalmologists towards the patterns and quality of cataract surgery training in their residency programs.
Materials and methods: An anonymous web-based survey was conducted among MD Ophthalmology graduates completing their residency between January 2018 and December 2020 in Nepal.
Results: A total of 74 respondents included graduates from all 13 medical colleges under four universities/ academic bodies. All the respondents were primarily trained in Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery technique (MSICS) with 28.4% (n=21) also having limited exposure to phacoemulsification. Overall, 62.1 % (n=46) of respondents had some exposure to wet lab training. Around 42% (n=31) had performed less than 25 cataract surgeries as a primary surgeon during residency and only 36.5 % (n=27) felt confident enough to perform cataract surgery independently after completion. More than 47 % (n=35) graded their cataract surgery training experience to be poor or below average.
Conclusions: Ophthalmology residency programs may need to reassess their surgical training methods as the majority of recently graduated ophthalmologists from Nepal feel inadequately trained in cataract surgeries.
Allergic sensitization and obstructive airway diseases among an adult rural population in Nepal
Authors: Drews Arne , Lama Poonam , Nepal Niraj , Joshi Rajesh Dhoj , Gran Anja , Schreiber Jens
Published: May 2022

Background: The relevance of the obstructive lung diseases asthma and COPD and IgE-mediated allergy in Nepal is still poorly characterized.

Method: In a cross-sectional study in rural Nepal 199 persons were characterized with a questionnaire, skin prick tests, spirometry and total IgE concentration in serum.

Results: About 20% of the women and 50% of the men were current smokers. Half of the study population used biomass fuel at home to cook or to heat and 70% of the study participants experienced dust-exposure at work or at home. 50% of the women and 30% of the men had a history of COPD, while 57% of the women and 53% of the men had symptoms of respiratory allergy. 18% of the women and 16% of the men used inhaler devices. 62% of the women and 66% of the men had a total IgE concentration in serum >100 IU/mL. About 30% of the women had a FEV1 < 80% and about 10 % had a FEV1 < 40%, also 30% of the men had a FEV1 <80% but none of the men had a FEV1 <40%. The FEV1/VC ratio was smaller than 70% in 13 % of the women and 14,6% of the men. We observed a significant inverse correlation between serum IgE with FEV1. 14% of study participants had positive prick test for house dust mite, 5% were positive for cat dander and 3% were positive for mugwort.

Conclusion: In summary this study shows an relevant burden of obstructive pulmonary disorders and IgE-mediated allergy in a rural Nepalese population.
Long COVID a perpetual threat even after COVID era? A case presentation
Authors: Hussain Asraf , Ansari Parwez Alam , Gupta Ajay Kumar , Kushwaha Omprakash , Shah Rupesh , Yadav Surendra , Kaushik Pratibha
Published: May 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease. The acute phase of the disease has been focused upon and less importance is given to the long-term sequelae. A new term ‘long COVID’ is used to describe a diverse set of symptoms that persists for more than 12 weeks after a diagnosed COVID-19 infection with no alternative diagnosis. Predominant symptoms include persistent breathlessness, fatigue, cough, chest pain, palpitations, neurological and cognitive deficits, rashes, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Risk factors for the development of long COVID are female gender, increased age, and increased BMI. Lung fibrosis is an important ailment in COVID survivors. Long COVID needs urgent attention for better understanding and specialized action plans to improve the quality of life in these patients and decrease their financial burden. Studies are warranted to investigate the early installation of antifibrotic agents in high-risk patients. Till we find better measures to counter long COVID, preventive measures and vaccination are the best available options. We are presenting here a case of long COVID who was admitted on multiple occasions for exacerbation of symptoms. He is now being managed on an outpatient basis.
Problem realizacji praw wyborczych kobiet w Polsce międzywojennej: debata na łamach prasy dla katoliczek
Authors: Maj Ewa
Published: May 2022

The women’s right to vote was recognised by the Second Polish Republic in 1918. That led to certain changes in the politics of the country. The Catholic women’s press played a major role in examining what was influencing female voters. There were two points of interest for political journalism: 1) the justification of women’s right to political equality by showing Polish women as heroines throughout the Polish history; 2) popularisation of women’s right to vote. Readers were encouraged to learn how Polish women gained voting experience. The press was particularly interested in Catholic female Members of the Polish Parliament and deputies for the Silesian Sejm. The debate itself was repeating the patterns of the patriarchal system and the archetype of the Polish Mother and the Polish-Catholic woman. Thus, they were shown as defenders of the traditional way of doing politics, assuring that after gaining the suffrage the Polish women would vote for the Catholic National political parties.
O ochronie przed maltretowaniem na podstawie VIII Poprawki do Konstytucji Stanów Zjednoczonych w odniesieniu do art. 3 Europejskiej konwencji praw człowieka
Authors: Śliwiński Emil
Published: May 2022

The article focuses on the protection against ill-treatment, as stipulated in the Amendment VIII to the United States Constitution in relation to the similar guarantee provided by Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Using the case-law of the U.S. courts, the author analyses the meaning of words used in the Amendment VIII („cruel and unusual punishment”) in relation to their counterpart in the Convention („torture” and „inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment”). The use of particular words in the Amendment VIII causes a limitation of the protection against ill-treatment in the U.S. to criminal proceedings. In the subsequent part the author discusses two typical instances of use of the Amendment VIII: disproportional punishment and overstepping limits of criminalisation. The problem of compensation for ill-treatment is also described. The analysis of the aforementioned issues leads to the conclusion that the U.S. legal system offers a lower standard of protection against ill-treatment than its European counterpart.
O totalitaryzmie i procesie detotalitaryzacji. Przypadek PRL
Authors: Mażewski Lech
Published: May 2022

Undoubtedly, the materials contained in the presented volume of Andrzej Walicki’s works constitute a good basis for further research into totalitarianism and the process of detotalitarianisation, especially in relation to the history of the People’s Republic of Poland. However, only the analysis of both the period of Sanation authoritarianism (1926–1939) and post-war left-wing authoritarianism (1944–1948) can provide a more complete picture of totalitarianism and detotalitarianism in the People’s Republic of Poland.
Postulat nullum crimen sine lege certa i jego (nie)kategoryczność w procesie stanowienia prawa karnego
Authors: Kania-Chramęga Agnieszka
Published: May 2022

The article aims not only at presenting the nature and the advantages of the postulate of maximum specificity of the created offence type but also at determining whether the exclusively literal, uncompromising understanding of the specificity principle on the basis of the provisions of the criminal law should be assessed as the foundation rationalising the establishment of the criminal law norms. The discussion on the abovementioned topic refers to the views in terms of theory and judicial decisions (with particular emphasis on the decisions of the Constitutional Tribunal) on the basis of which an attempt is made to determine whether potential exceptions from restrictive understanding of the nullum crimen sine lege certa principle pose a threat to the guarantee nature of this principle.
Startling Discoveries and Contrarian Anomalies: Small Comets and Other Heresies
Authors: Bauer Henry
Published: May 2022

This book should be required reading for all scholars and students of Science and Technology Studies (STS), which encompasses the history and sociology of science and the interaction of science with society as a whole.1 Anomalists will find the discovery narrative engrossing and the whole book rewarding, well worth coping with the occasional technicalities. Lay readers should likewise appreciate Part 1 and will miss little of importance to them by scanning Part 2 more rapidly. Cosmic Rain is really several books in one. Most directly, it is a fascinating scientific detective story. At the same time, as Frank recognized (p. 4), it is an important case study in the history of science, illuminating most particularly the circumstances of scientific breakthroughs that are surprising and unforeseen. Frank’s experiences illustrate several general points about the manner in which science receives—or rather, resists—startling novelty. Furthermore, this book is a very detailed first-hand description of scientific activity, warts and all, that should enable non-scientists to begin to recognize that scientific activity is very much like other human activities: influenced by human behavior and human psychology, not only by the objective technical considerations. Louis Frank was a distinguished physicist at the University of Iowa whose specialty was plasma physics. In the early 1980s, he was puzzled by persistent dark spots in ultraviolet (UV) images of the outer reaches of the Earth taken from a satellite, the Dynamics Explorer, which carried several instruments that were Frank’s responsibility.
An Introduction and Mission of Building Bridges to Reach the Unknown
Authors: Houran James
Published: May 2022

The founding of the Journal of Scientific Exploration in 1987 coincided with my graduation from high school and start of higher education. Even then I was deeply interested in all types of anomalies thanks to my parents’ gift about ten years earlier of Jane Werner Watson and Sol Chaneles’ (1976) The Golden Book of the Mysterious (NY: Golden Press). That book was a childhood obsession that steadily evolved to serious academic curiosity, which then quickly transformed into passionate participation in scholarly research and writing. My curiosity and passion certainly endure, but these have been become increasingly balanced with skepticism that erupted from several negative experiences over the years with ideological-motivated academics. Of course, bias cuts both ways (Drinkwater et al., 2019; Irwin et al., 2016, 2017; Kennedy, 2005; Truzzi, 1987), so my own work has disappointed — and sometimes even irked — both debunkers of the paranormal and fervent believers in otherworldly phenomena. My appointment as the new Editor-in-Chief (EiC) might thus surprise individuals who do not view me as a sympathetic champion for the advancement of ‘edge science,’ or what amounts to empirical observations that challenge scientific principles or concepts as presently understood.

This Editorial avoids reciting my professional background and interests, which anyone can easily read at the Parapsychological Association website (https://parapsych.org/users/jhouran/profile.aspx) or via my ORCID record (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1725-582X). Rather, the goal here is to introduce readers to the underlying philosophy that will be the backbone of my JSE tenure. Indeed, readers deserve to know what the EiC stands for. I have also not been immersed in the Society for Scientific Exploration’s (SSE) activities and culture in recent years, so some members might understandably deem me an outsider. However, my academic career has consistently centered on edge science and advancing its cause. The diligent efforts of past Editors, Associate Editors, Editorial Board, and the unsung hero known as Kathleen Erickson (Managing Editor) have achieved notable strides in the JSE’s quality and impact over the years. But my primary aim is now to take the journal to the next level by bolstering its familiarity, reach, and influence within academia and the mainstream consciousness alike. This pursuit involves diversifying the provocative research in its pages and making that content more accessible and useful to non-specialists in other fields, as well as to journalistic outlets and the mass media. The latter forums can and should play a valuable role in public science education (Höttecke & Allchin, 2020; Huber et al., 2019; Olson & Kutner, 2008), although these can easily miss the mark as illustrated by my own frustrating experiences with misreported research.
Editor's Preface to the Commentaries about the Leininger Case
Authors: Houran James
Published: May 2022

The popularity of ‘survival-related’ research over recent years has been accompanied by critical discussions by parapsychologists (e.g., Cunningham, 2012; Roll, 2006; Sudduth, 2009), as well as intense debates between advocates and skeptics (see e.g., Journal of Parapsychology, 80, pp. 169-264). Of course, these are not unexpected trends with highly controversial topics that can also challenge the belief systems of investigators and commentators. The correspondence below thus underscores the importance of methodology and rules of evidence relative to reincarnation-type cases.
SÖZLÜ TARİH, BELGELER VE TELİF ESERLER IŞIĞINDA FETTAHOĞULLARI AŞİRETİ
Authors: SEKİLİ Emine
Published: May 2022

Sosyal bir yapıdaki farklı sektörlerin varlığı, Anadolu toplumlarında çoğu zaman oymak, klan veya aşiret olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu yapılar, genel toplum içinde kendilerine verilen vazifeleri yerine getirdikleri gibi kendi içinde de değişik vazifeler ve aile temelli farklılıklar sergileyerek toplum hayatının işlerliğine katkı sunmuşlardır.
Toplumsal göçlerin tetiklediği demografik yapı değişimleri, devletlerin yıkılmasına ve yeni devletlerin kurulmasına sebep olduğu gibi bazen de derebeyi olacak kadar büyüyen ve güçlenen bazı aile ve aşiretlerin yıkılmasına veya dağılmasına sebep olurken bazen de daha önce zayıf düşmüş ailelerin toparlanmasına ve güçlenmesine sebep olmuştur. Bu yapılardan biri olarak Fettahoğulları aşireti, köken olarak Orta Asya’dan göç eden bir aşiret olarak bilinmektedir. Kaynaklar, Türkmen aşiretlerle göç ettikleri ve ilk etapta Küfe şehrine yerleşerek Müslüman olduklarını kaydetmektedir. Daha sonra Anadolu’ya göç eden aşiret, doğuda hâkimiyet süren Bedirhan Mirleri ile anlaşamadıkları için Osmanlı Devleti tarafından bir süre Van’da iskana tabi tutulur. Daha sonra aşiretin bir bölümü Urfa ve Siverek taraflarına gönderilirken diğer bir bölümü de Rumların yoğun olarak yaşadıkları Trabzon taraflarına yerleştiririlir. Bu bölgeye yerleştirilen Fettahoğulları bu bölgenin Türkleştirilmesine katkılarda bulunur. Sonraki dönemlerde büyük kafileler hâlinde Maraş yöresine göç eden Fettahoğulları, 20. yüzyıla gelindiğinde köken araştırmasına girerek yeniden bir aile ve aşiret olarak toparlanmaya başlar. Son dönemlerde kurdukları dernek ve sosyal kurumlarla varlıklarını hâlâ devam ettirmektedirler.