bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İLLERİN PATENT SAYISINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: KARACA Zeynep
Published: September 2021

Türkiye’de 81 ilin patent sayısını etkileyen faktörlerin araştırıldığı bu çalışmada bağımlı değişken patentin olup olmaması iken; bağımsız değişkenler kişi başı gayrisafi yurtiçi hâsıla, lisansüstü mezun sayısı, teknoloji geliştirme bölgeleri ve devlet ve vakıf üniversitelerinin toplamından oluşan üniversite sayısıdır. Model tahmininde logit model tercih edilmiş olup tüm veriler 2018 yılına aittir. Model tahmin sonuçlarına göre ildeki patent üzerinde kişi başı gayrisafi yurtiçi hâsıla, lisansüstü mezun sayısı ve teknoloji geliştirme bölgeleri pozitif bir etkiye sahipken üniversite sayısı negatif bir etkiye sahiptir.
IS PRODUCTION OR CONSUMPTION THE DETERMINER? SOURCES OF TURKEY’S CO2 EMISSIONS BETWEEN 1990-2015 AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS
Authors: ALKAN Ayla , BİNATLI Ayla Ogus
Published: September 2021

Turkey’s CO2 emissions have been steadily increasing since the 1990s. Determining influences of socioeconomic factors behind this increase can help identify which sectors and what types of policies should be prioritized to go into action. This paper identifies the main contributors to CO2 emissions change within five-year intervals during 1990-2015 by adopting the Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA) method. The results show that CO2 emissions increase was driven by per capita expenditure and population factors, while emission coefficient factor had a reducing effect on emissions. As the production side factors fell pretty behind the consumption side factors, net emissions was positive and the actual determiner in CO2 emissions was found as consumption. The most contributing sectors were Electricity, Land Transportation and Mineral. Speeding up renewable energy investments and continuing energy efficiency measures, placing a carbon tax on electricity and oil consumption, promoting public transport and use of clean fuels and vehicles, slowing down construction and raising consumer awareness to change their consumption behavior, particularly to reduce demand for high emitting products and services should be the top priority policies.
Çevrimiçi Oyunların Tatil Satın Alma Niyetine Etkisi
Authors: OĞUZ Yasin Emre , KIZILTAŞ Mustafa Çağatay , YILMAZ Veysel
Published: September 2021

Teknolojide yaşanan ilerlemeler ile birlikte online oyun endüstrisi de son yıllarda ciddi bir gelişim göstermiştir. Özellikle Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde karantina süreçlerinin başlamasıyla birlikte online oyunlara olan ilgi daha da artmış ve dünya genelinde online oyuncu sayısı yaklaşık 2,6 milyara ulaşmıştır. Online oyunlar içerisinde birebir aynı veya çok benzer şekilde gerçek mekanlar da kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın çıkış noktasını da online oyunlarda yer alan gerçek mekanların yarattığı deneyimin, online oyunlar üzerinden kurulan iletişimin ve online oyun bağımlılığının tatil satın alma niyeti yaratıp yaratmadığının incelenmesi oluşturmaktadır Nicel yöntemin kullanıldığı bu araştırmada veriler anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Alanyazında yer alan çalışmalara dayanan anket formu 750 katılımcıya uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın ilk bölümünde ilgili alanyazın taranmış, ikinci bölümünde ise yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kurularak ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda online oyunlara yönelik iletişim, bağımlılık ve deneyim faktörlerinin tatil satın alma niyeti üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buradan hareketle önerilen model kabul edilmiştir.
An Analysis of the Use of Graphs in People’s Daily Life
Authors: Zaldívar-Rojas José David , Cordero-Osorio Francisco
Published: September 2021

This paper addresses the issue of the lack of connection between people’s knowledge and school mathematics. It is stated that this issue generates a phenomenon of opacity in People’s Daily Life and the uses of mathematical knowledge; this means that other social functions of the mathematical knowledge apart from school environments are not considered. To highlight this phenomenon, empirical evidence is built from the analysis of cultural forms of knowledge concerning the uses of graphs in a movement situation; this evidence is overshadowed by school mathematics because they are immerse in non-conventional argumentations. A reference framework of the uses of graphs that resignifies trajectory and curve is then conformed; in this framework the search for permanence and invariants when things vary conforms a proper argumentation of people’s mathematical knowledge that is, however, obscured in school mathematics.
Deambulando pela História da Educação de Infância em Portugal. Retalhos históricos sobre a Créche João Baptista Rollo
Authors: Marchão Amélia , Henriques Helder , Campos Sérgio
Published: September 2021

Este artigo científico insere-se na linha de investigação, A Infância: políticas, instituições e educação, vinda a desenvolver pelos autores, e que privilegia desocultar o lugar das políticas e instituições destinadas à Infância no contexto da História da Educação em Portugal, recuperando o passado à luz de uma matriz sócio-histórica para compreender o presente e as diferentes opções registadas na educação das crianças e dos jovens. O objeto de estudo que reverte para este artigo é a creche João Baptista Rollo, inaugurada em 1905 em Portalegre (Portugal), onde a indústria corticeira se desenvolvia por mão da família Robinson a qual instalara-se aí dotando a cidade de uma marca industrial, capitalista e filantrópica. Entre os finais da monarquia e o início da 1.ª República, esta creche trouxe à cidade um lugar para as crianças mais novas, apoiando as mães trabalhadoras na fábrica dos “Robinson”, numa época em que as instituições destinadas aos menores de três anos tinham forte pendor assistencialista e higienista, em prosseguimento de uma pessoa mais saudável. Esta creche, à semelhança de outras no Portugal dessa época, resultou de beneméritos e decorreu da legislação criada, que designava que as fábricas com mais de 50 trabalhadoras deveriam criar uma creche para os menores descendentes delas com menos de três anos.. É sobre essa realidade que dissertamos, apoiados numa matriz sócio-histórica e na análise documental a um conjunto de fontes e documentação que nos possibilitam enriquecer os apontamentos sobre a História da Educação de Infância em Portugal, e de modo particular numa cidade do interior de Portugal.
Las infancias indígenas como configuración diferencial de las concepciones de infancia
Authors: Fayad sierra Javier alfredo
Published: September 2021

Existen diferencias culturales en la concepción de infancia entre el modo de concebir las familias y la educación desde lo global y lo cultural particular de las comunidades indígenas, son lógicas diferentes porque una le entregan los cuidados a instituciones especializadas y la otra requiere conservar ciertas tradiciones de cuidados que aseguren la pervivencia como pueblos diferenciales; una sistematiza y aplica y la otra realiza experiencias y vivencias que siguen el ciclo de vida y las pautas de crianza de la cultura particular. Las infancias en la contemporaneidad son cada vez más mecanizadas y encerradas, se distancian de sus esencias culturales y de sus influencias étnicas que son productoras de sentidos culturales especiales. Parece ser que las infancias se quedan en las influencias de la comunicación y consumos que reproducen ciertas formas institucionales que aleja a las generaciones de la influencia de pautas de crianza de la cultura. En el caso de los pueblos indígenas en Colombia, hay riquezas en estas formas de cuidar y transmitir la cultura desde las cosmovisiones, tradiciones culturales, quienes se encuentran en una situación de cómo los modos de institucionalización de las infancias, desde entidades como el Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, desconoce la importancia de estas formas culturales y produce una crisis de representación, valoración y visibilidad de las infancias de los pueblos indígenas.
Genel Cerrahi Polikliniğine Başvuran Hastaların Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları
Authors: KAYA Sıdıka , KOCA Arş. Gör. Gülsüm Şeyma , KARTAL Nazan , ÇİLHOROZ Yasin , AKTURAN Saadet
Published: September 2021

Sağlıklı yaşam biçiminin oluşturulması ve korunması hastalıklardan korunmanın en önemli aşamalarından biridir. Bunun için sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışı geliştirmek gerekmektedir. Sağlıklı yaşam biçimine yönelik davranış geliştirildiğinde birçok hastalığın önüne geçilebilmektedir. Bu anlamda bu çalışmanın amacı genel cerrahi hastalarının sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını hastaların çeşitli özelliklerine göre incelemektir. Amaca yönelik olarak bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinin genel cerrahi polikliniğine başvuran 373 hastaya Walker ve Hill-Polerecky (1996) tarafından geliştirilen, Bahar ve diğerleri (2008) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan “Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği II” uygulanmıştır. Ölçekte 6 boyut vardır. Bu boyutlar; sağlık sorumluluğu, manevi gelişim, fiziksel aktivite, beslenme, kişilerarası ilişkiler ve stres yönetimidir. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde SPSS programı kullanılmış olup ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis-H ve bağımsız örneklem t testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca gruplar arasındaki farklılığı belirlemek amacıyla LSD ve Tamhane’nin t2 testi gibi post-hoc testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda genel cerrahi hastalarının sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları gösterme durumunun; yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, eğitim durumu, mesleki durum, sağlık hizmetlerine kolay ulaşma durumu, alkol kullanım durumu, kronik hastalıklarının olup olmaması durumu, ilaç kullanım durumu, sağlık sorunlarına çözüm arama durumu ve sağlıklı yaşadıklarına inanma durumlarına göre fark gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Genel cerrahi hastalarının sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları geliştirmelerine yönelik politikaların geliştirilmesi, bu hastaların yaşam kalitesini artıracağı gibi sağlık harcamalarının azaltılmasına da katkıda bulunabilir.
Hava Lojistiği: Bibliyometrik Bir Analiz
Authors: ERTURGUT Ramazan , ALTINKURT Tahsin
Published: September 2021

Hava lojistiği malların, bilginin, hizmetin; hızlı, dakik, güvenli ve maliyet etkili akışını sağladığı için lojistik faaliyetler içerisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, hava lojistiği üzerine yazılan makalelerin bibliyometrik analiz yöntemiyle tahlil edilmesi ve araştırmacılara bu yazınla ilgili bilgiler sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda hava lojistiği üzerine yapılan çalışmalar betimsel olarak tahlil edilmiş ve bibliyometrik analiz yöntemiyle sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın ilerlemesi için araştırmada kullanılan veriler, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus ve EBSCO veri tabanlarından toplanmıştır. Toplanan verilerle elde edilen bilgiler hava lojistiği yazınındaki eksikleri araştırmacılara göstermesi açısından önemlidir. Bibliyometrik analiz çalışmasıyla hem literatür ölçülmüş hem de ortaya çıkan yeni konuların, kavramların yorumlanmasına yer verilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgularda hava lojistiği ile ilgili en az çalışma yapılmış alanlar; hava lojistik kümelenmesi, hava lojistiğinde küresel park, hava lojistiği entegrasyonu, hava kargosu için alternatif meydan seçimi, hava kargosu üzerine elektronik düzenlemeler ve diğerleridir. Bu alanda çalışma yapacak araştırmacılara yol göstermesi açısından yapılan bu bibliyometrik analiz faydalı olacaktır.
Resim Kompozisyonları ve Üsluplarının Sahne Tasarımında Kullanım Yöntemleri
Authors: ÇEVİKAYAK Cem
Published: September 2021

Sahne tasarımı alanında resim kompozisyonlarının iki boyutlu, statik yapısının üç boyutlu, hareketli, canlı bir performansla tekrar biçimlendirilmesi görsel anlamda farklı dramatik yorumlamalara kapı açmaktadır. Çünkü tiyatro sahnesinde, dramatik anlatıya hizmet edebilecek ve sergilenen eseri görselleştirecek birçok yüzey, yöntem, katman mevcuttur. Dolayısıyla bu tasarım yaklaşımı çeşitlemeleri hem referans alınan resim kompozisyonuna yeni bakış açıları kazandırabilmekte hem de seyircinin aktif olarak duyularına hitap ederek zaman ve hareket boyutunda durağanlığı kırmaktadır. Çalışmada, 21. yüzyılda sahnelenmiş tiyatro oyunları, dans gösterileri ve opera temsillerine odaklanılarak, bu temsillerin sahne tasarımlarındaki belirgin resim kompozisyonu referansları derlenmiş ve bu eserlerdeki tasarım yaklaşımları incelenmiştir. Seçilen ve sıralanan yapımların sahne tasarımı yaklaşımları gerek temsillerin çeşitli fotoğraflarından gerek eserle ilgili yazılan eleştiri ve verilen röportajlardan edinilen bilgilerle ele alınmıştır. Farklı dönemlerden resim kompozisyonlarının tiyatro sahnesinde yeniden canlandığı örnekler, sahne tasarımlarındaki kullanım farklılıklarına göre sıralanmıştır. İki boyutlu bir resim kompozisyonunun, dramatik bir anlatıyla buluşturularak üç boyutlu bir mekân hacmine yerleştirilmesi ve devinimsel anlatıma görsel olarak katkısı üzerinde durulmuştur
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Authors: not provided testnapoke , guliakina mariia
Published: September 2021

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Democratización del acceso al suelo urbano en Colombia y Brasil: alcance y límite de las normas
Authors: Alves dos Santos Cecília Reis
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo pretende examinar el papel del Derecho y, concretamente, la norma urbanística de Brasil y Colombia en la democratización del acceso al suelo urbano y la vivienda. Tras la lógica del mercado, la población de bajos ingresos no logra acceder a una vivienda, lo que refuerza la segregación socioespacial y muestra la necesidad de la gestión pública del suelo. El análisis de los alcances y límites de las normas se hizo a partir de una contextualización histórica y evaluación de los instrumentos de gestión de suelo acorde con su capacidad de contribuir a la adquisición de inmuebles para la implementación de vivienda de interés social. Se puede afirmar que los instrumentos existentes en los dos países buscan garantizar la función social de la propiedad, afrontar la retención especulativa de inmuebles y promover el reparto equitativo de cargas y beneficios de la urbanización. Sin embargo, la materialización de esos instrumentos se torna limitada debido a la debilidad de la gestión territorial municipal y a causa del conservadurismo del poder judicial. En suma, el análisis planteado puede aportar nuevas estrategias de acuerdo con las necesidades y especificidades de cada país para la construcción de territorios más inclusivos.
Monopolio, mercado de servicios jurídicos y acceso a la justicia: notas para un futuro debate
Authors: De Derecho Estudios , Anzola Rodríguez Sergio Iván
Published: September 2021

La falta de acceso a la justicia, sobre todo para las poblaciones más vulnerables y con menos recursos económicos, es un problema urgente en Colombia. Los sistemas de defensoría pública y servicios pro bono no parecen ser suficientes y efectivos. En otras jurisdicciones que también se ven afectadas por este problema se están empezando a adoptar distintas medidas que afectan el monopolio que ostentan los abogados y las reglas que estructuran el mercado a través del cual proveen sus servicios. Con el fin de prever los términos que van a estructurar el debate en Colombia sobre cómo mejorar el acceso a la justicia a través de modificaciones al monopolio de los abogados y la forma que se regula su mercado, este artículo recoge y estudia las sentencias de la Corte Constitucional referentes a la materia.
USO DEL CEMENTO EN LA ARTROPLASTIA DE CADERA
Authors: Alvarez Eduardo , Villanueva Guerra Eduardo
Published: September 2021

El éxito del uso del cemento acrílico en el reempazo articular fue una de las contribuciones de Sir John Charnley en 1958. El polimetilmetacrilato es parte de un grupo de polímeros conocidos com polietilenos, que tienen en común una base de carbono, con diferente longitud en su cadena. Existen generaciones de polimetilmetacrilato yendo desde la primera, en la cual se mezclaba y empaquetaba manualmente el cemento en canal medular y en acetábulo sin rimar, hasta la tercera en la cual se incluye aspirado y presurización del canal femoral, técnicas de mezclado y centrifugado, y modificaciones en implantes. El uso del cemento fue un avance importante en la artroplastia de cadera, sin embargo, conforme avanzó su historia y uso, los fallos de las prótesis fueron atribuidos a la conocida como “enfermedad del cemento”. Tomando en cuenta esto y las complicaciones que su utilización podría provocar se empezó a cuestionar la seguridad y funcionamiento de esta técnica. Sin embargo, los componentes cementados muestran buenos resultados a largo plazo, dejando en evidencia que no existe fundamento para el cese de la utilización del cemento en artroplastias. Asimismo, se observó que los implantes cementados tienen mejores resultados en cuanto a tasa de revisión y fracturas periprotésicas. Esto concluye que el uso del cemento, bajo ciertas indicaciones y técnicas adecuadas, representa una excelente opción para la fijación de implantes utilizados en el reemplazo articular.
DISEÑO DE UN COMPONENTE TIBIAL PERSONALIZADO CON SISTEMA DE FIJACIÓN PRESS-FIT PARA UN SISTEMA DE REEMPLAZO DE RODILLA PARA SU FABRICACIÓN MEDIANTE DMLS
Authors: Mina Corodba Jhoan Alexis
Published: September 2021

Los diseños de sistemas de reemplazo ortopédico personalizados representan un nuevo desafío para la industria biomédica actual; las características anatómicas del paciente y la densidad del tejido óseo que reemplazan son los dos elementos primordiales para el diseño de dichos dispositivos. El presente proyecto describe un protocolo para el diseño de un platillo tibial para un sistema de reemplazo total de rodilla basado en la información obtenida a partir de tomografía computacional de rayos X; dentro del protocolo se describe el cálculo de la densidad aparente ósea a partir de dicha información, así como la determinación de algunas constantes mecánicas como el módulo de Young y el coeficiente de Poisson, entre otras. Finalmente, los resultados de la densidad ósea aparente fueron comparados con valores de densidad obtenida en estructuras celulares tipo giróide, previamente desarrolladas por el grupo de trabajo. De igual forma, se presenta el diseño de un vástago de fijación tipo press–fit empleando este tipo de estructura celular.
MILITARY-PEDAGOGICAL ORIENTATION OF MILITARY SPECIALIST TRAINING
Authors: Gorodianska L.
Published: September 2021

The military-pedagogical process is a complex socio-psychological phenomenon. Its essence lies in purposeful, motivated, substantive organizational and educational activities of all its subjects. This activity is aimed at preparing the military specialists who are able to successfully perform their functional duties both in peacetime and in modern war conditions. The strength of the country's defense capability and combat readiness in modern conditions is ensured by a high level of intellectual potential of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. This potential is being formed as a set of potentials of highly qualified personnel of military specialists. Today the task of reforming military education is not limited only to structural and functional transformations of the educational base and restructuring of the educational process. It is necessary to create an environment (a system of higher military education) for constant spiritual and professional improvement of the individual and motivation to achieve a high level of military professionalism. Access of educational institutions to modern information technologies contributed to the emergence of interactive forms of learning and transformation of the subject of learning from a passive participant and its active involvement in the learning process. Given the development of digital technologies and the difficult state in which Ukraine found itself due to military action and the negative epidemiological situation, it is appropriate to create a system of higher military education using the subject-activity approach and the introduction of forms of distance learning. It is proposed to direct the military-pedagogical training of specialists along six lines. The assessment of the level of conformity of a serviceman's actual professional qualities with the requirements to the occupied military position is important in the professional-psychological selection in the Armed Forces. That is why it is expedient to develop a model of recreation of intellectual potential of servicemen and a methodology for evaluating the general level of intellectual resources of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In the basis of construction of such model it is offered to put directions of military-pedagogical training of military specialists together with professionally important criteria of evaluation of recreating of moral-psychological qualities of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL FEATURES OF THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE OFFICERS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF UNDERGRADUATE
Authors: Blyzniuk V.
Published: September 2021

The article substantiates the psychological and pedagogical features of the process of professional training of future law enforcement officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in a bachelor's degree. It is established that the professional training of future law enforcement officers is gradually moving to the readiness of the future officer to perform professional tasks. It is specified that the educational process in military institutions of higher education takes place in conditions of contradictions between new constantly growing requirements to the modern level of training of future officers and insufficient traditional level of training, between creative level of teaching and reproductive character of training which can be solved by introduction of new innovative technologies. and teaching methods. It has been determined that the process of formation of knowledge, skills and professional skills of future law enforcement officers should be based on two main stages: problem-subject, during which there is a primary perception and understanding of the content and experience of further professional activity; value-regulatory, according to which the formation of team skills and professional skills of the future officer, the development of creative style, the formation of motives, values, leadership qualities, etc.

Psychological components that affect the training of future officers are identified: motivation to learn, emotional and volitional personality traits of the future officer, intellectual readiness to solve professional tasks, formed skills and abilities to perform professional tasks, a set of personal and professional qualities of the future officer, reflex. It is determined that the level of professional training of future law enforcement officers is determined by the degree of their activity as a subject, features and opportunities to independently organize their actions, behavior, activities in general on the basis of intellectual readiness and awareness of personal and professional tasks, including professional tasks. Including the ones on a tactical level.
Image Restoration using Recent Techniques: A Survey
Authors: Dr. Bharati Sanjay Ainapure Mrs. Poonam Y. Pawar,
Published: September 2021

Image Restoration is one of the challenging and essential milestones in the image processing domain. Digital image processing is a technique for manipulating digital images using a variety of computer algorithms. The process of transforming the degraded or damaged image to the original image can be known as Image Restoration. The image restoration process improves image quality by converting the degraded image into the original clean image. The techniques for image restoration are comprised of predefined parameters through which digital image gets processed for refinements. The purpose of restoration is to start with the acquired image and then estimate the original image as accurately as possible. A degraded image can be contaminated by any of a blur or noise or both. Many factors can contribute to image degradation, including poor capture, poor lighting, and poor eyesight. Medical science, defensive sensor systems, forensic detections, and astrology all rely on image restoration for accuracy. This paper discusses various image restoration techniques using recent trends for performance improvements.
LEARNING FOR GENDER EQUALITY IN POST-INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY: AN ONLINE PROGRAM OVERVIEW
Authors: Usca Svetlana , Mykhailenko Olena , Abuze Anda , Vindaca Olga , Desyatnyuk Oksana
Published: September 2021

The Latvian – Ukrainian project "Gender aspects of digital readiness and development of human capital in region" Nr.LV-UA/2018/3 focuses on the digitalization of education for closing the gender employment gap in the profoundly transforming labour market.The article focuses on the online program "Learning for Gender Equality in Post-Industrial Economy" for professional development of educators. The program grounds on research previously done at the project. In this article, we review the program content and provide an evaluation of its participants.
THE SOCIAL ASSISTENCE FOR STUDENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Krampuža Ilga
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the resarch is to exploring opportunities for students to receive social assistance from the state and local government in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic. Both theoretical and empirical research methods were used in this study. State social assistance to students would be expected by providing material support for the purchase of computer equipment. Municipal social assistance is expected both in the form of a crisis benefit and indirectly by supporting the student's family if it enters the status of a poor or low-income family.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ONLINE FOREIGN LANGUAGE COURSE – THE EXPERIENCE OF THE BELL PROJECT
Authors: Opincāne Mārīte , Laganovska Karīne , Kurbajeva Iryna
Published: September 2021

Online acquisition of the foreign language has become particularly important lately, especially  during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. In the framework of The European Union Capacity Building project “Enhancement of Lifelong Learning in Belarus” (https://bell-iln.by/en/) the online English course has been developed and implemented. The article summarises the professional experience of three parties. The main aim of this paper is to reflect the factors,  which are essential for the development of an online foreign language course for adults. The following methods were used while doing the research: survey data analysis of project English language course’s target audience and  the qualitative analysis of the data content. A questionnaire of the course participants was developed and carried out, the answers were processed. The project experience was analysed, conclusions were drawn and the proposals for future work were worked out.
Emerging techniques in atherosclerosis imaging
Authors: Syed Maaz B.J. , Fletcher Alexander J. , Forsythe Rachael O. , Kaczynski Jakub , Newby David E. , Dweck Marc R. , R. van Beek Edwin J.
Published: September 2021

Atherosclerosis is a chronic immunomodulated disease that affects multiple vascular beds and results in a significant worldwide disease burden. Conventional imaging modalities focus on the morphological features of atherosclerotic disease such as the degree of stenosis caused by a lesion. Modern CT, MR and positron emission tomography scanners have seen significant improvements in the rapidity of image acquisition and spatial resolution. This has increased the scope for the clinical application of these modalities. Multimodality imaging can improve cardiovascular risk prediction by informing on the constituency and metabolic processes within the vessel wall. Specific disease processes can be targeted using novel biological tracers and smart contrast agents. These approaches have the potential to inform clinicians of the metabolic state of atherosclerotic plaque.
This review will provide an overview of current imaging techniques for the imaging of atherosclerosis and how various modalities can provide information that enhances the depiction of basic morphology.
This publication is the reprint with Russian translation from original: Syed MB, Fletcher AJ, Forsythe RO, Kaczynski J, Newby DE, Dweck MR, van Beek EJ. Emerging techniques in atherosclerosis imaging. Br J Radiol. 2019;92(1103):20180309. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20180309.
Effects on structures of the Managua earthquake of December 23, 1972
Authors: Wyllie Loring A. , Wright Richard N. , Sozen Mete A. , Degenkolb Henry J. , Steinbrugge Karl V. , Kramer Samuel
Published: September 2021

The December 23, 1972, earthquake in Managua, Nicaragua caused extensive damage to structures throughout the city of Managua. There was damage to virtually every building in Managua, a city of approximately 400,000 inhabitants. An estimated 10,000 people were killed, mostly in the collapse of homes built of native taquezal construction. The city contained numerous reinforced concrete structures designed to recent standards. Although many of these buildings were heavily damaged, with some collapses, some had only minor damage. There were also several structures of structural steel.

The paper provides an overview of structural effects and discusses the performance of selected buildings in Managua illustrating the range of performance of modern construction. Damage to numerous other buildings will be discussed. The paper, while emphasizing the structural effects on buildings, also discusses the performance of non-structural elements, mechanical equipment, etc.
Rayleigh waves in a half-space with bounded variation in density and rigidity
Authors: Rao C. R. A.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The stress equations of motion of elasticity are solved by the power series method for an inhomogeneous, isotropic elastic semi-space whose rigidity modulus μ and density ρ are defined by ρ = μ ∞ + ( μ 0 − μ ∞ ) exp ( − ε x 2 ) , ρ = ρ ∞ + ( ρ 0 − ρ ∞ ) exp ( − ε x 2 ) , ε > 0 , x 2 ∈ [ 0 , ∞ ]. The period equation for Rayleigh waves is derived and discussed numerically. The solutions may also be useful for body-wave studies.
Source mechanisms of microearthquakes associated with underground mines in eastern Utah
Authors: Smith Robert B. , Winkler Patrick L. , Anderson John G. , Scholz Christopher H.
Published: September 2021

abstract

A detailed microearthquake survey, with acoustic monitoring, was conducted in the Sunnyside coal mining district of eastern Utah to investigate the possible relationship between earthquakes and mining. Acoustic emissions from events of magnitude less than −1 showed an average rate of 180/hr and decreased following the latest mining activity. These small events appear to have originated as shear failures near the mine walls. Rates of earthquake activity averaged hundreds per day with magnitudes from −0.5 to +2.8. The zone of greatest seismic activity was located 1 km beneath a portion of the mine which exhibited floor and roof failures. A composite fault-plane solution defines reverse faulting with nodal planes striking N15°E. The P axis strikes S75°E and dips 25°W, and the T axis strikes N75°W and dips 65°E. These directions are in general agreement with the stress pattern attributed to the tectonic development of the nearby San Rafael swell and suggests the possibility that the main earthquake energy may be derived from regional tectonic stress. Spectral analyses of direct shear waves from the submine earthquakes yielded estimates of source parameters at hypocentral distances from 1.3 to 3.0 km for events of magnitude +1.2 to +2.8. Stress drops range from 0.2 bar for a moment of 2.4 × 1017 dyne-cm to 9.6 bar for a moment of 63 × 1017 dyne-cm with corner frequencies from 10 to 14 Hz. These data document the range of measured source spectra to hypocentral distances less than 2 km.
A catalog of earthquake related sounds
Authors: Steinbrugge Karl V.
Published: September 2021

The paper is a catalog of 13 known recordings of earthquake related sounds, including circumstances relevant to the recordings. Reproductions of the recordings are also part of the paper.
Relation between P- and S-wave corner frequencies in the seismic spectrum
Authors: Savage J. C.
Published: September 2021

abstract

A comprehensive set of body-wave spectra has been calculated for the Haskell fault model generalized to a circular fault surface. These spectra are used to show that in practice the P-wave corner frequency (ƒp) may exceed the S-wave corner frequency (ƒs) when near-sonic or transonic rupture propagation obtains. The explanation appears to be that in such cases ƒs is so large that it is not identified within the recorded band, but rather a secondary corner is mistaken for ƒs. As a consequence of failing to detect the true asymptotic trend, the high-frequency falloff of the spectrum with frequency is substantially less for S waves than for P waves. This explanation appears to be consistent with the demonstration by Molnar, Tucker, and Brune (1973) that ƒp may exceed ƒs.
Trend enhancement of seismic data as a guide to structural interpretation
Authors: Stewart Ian C. F.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The main zones of seismic energy release in South Australia probably correspond to major basement fractures. A method is given here to extract the energy release trends from seismicity maps, in order to outline subsurface lineaments more accurately. The techniques are similar to those employed in image processing. Tectonic structure may be revealed which is not readily apparent from epicenter plots or other geophysical data.
Low-rise building damage from low-amplitude ground motions
Authors: Scholl Roger E.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Data on offsite low-rise building damage from underground nuclear testing at the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission's Nevada Test Site are available for seven large tests in the period from 1966 to 1970. The data, while sparse, provide an adequate sample for the investigation of motion-damage relationships. Damage in the study is statistically described in terms of the incidence of damage complaints, the incidence of buildings damaged, and damage cost. Using 5 per centdamped response-spectrum acceleration amplitude to characterize ground motion, the plotted data fit reasonably well with previous motion-damage relationships established from extensive data available from the 1969 RULISON underground nuclear explosion experiment conducted in western Colorado.
Seismic response for self-strained structures
Authors: Paz Mario , Cassaro Michael A. , Stewart Steven N.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The seismic response of multistory building and other structural systems is affected by the existence of self strains which may be induced by temperature gradients, mechanical actions, or prestraining. The fundamental dynamic properties such as natural frequencies and mode shapes are influenced by the presence of these strains. As a consequence, the response of the structure changes to the extent that the self strains change its dynamic characteristics and to the extent that these characteristics are relevant in the interaction of a particular structure with a given ground motion.

This paper presents a detailed study of some simple structures such as beams and frames whose members are subjected to initial strains. The homogeneous differential equations of motion are expressed in terms of the stiffness, mass, and geometry matrices and a parameter accounting for the self-strain effect. The solution of the resulting eigenvalue problem is used to write the modal equations into which the desired ground motion is applied.

The final response is obtained from the appropriate shock spectrum and the application of root-mean-square superposition technique. The disturbing action produced by the ground motion of the well known El Centro earthquake of 1940 is applied to several structures in which the amount of self-strain is varied as a parameter.
Crustal structure in the Gangetic Plains of the Indian sub-continent from body waves
Authors: Dube R. K. , Bhayana J. C.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Crustal structure in the Gangetic Plains of India has been investigated using body-wave data of earthquakes. A three-layered crust has been interpreted, consisting of a top layer of 2.7-km/sec P-wave velocity and 3.7-km thickness, an intermediate layer of 5.64-km/sec velocity and 15.2-km thickness and a bottom layer of 6.49-km/sec velocity and 21.4-km thickness. The average depth of the M discontinuity obtained is 40.3 km. The shear-wave velocities for the Sg, S*, Sn phases are 3.45, 3.85 and 4.61 km/sec, respectively. The velocities of both P and S waves are lower than those obtained for the Peninsular Shield of India.
Variation of source properties: The Inangahua, New Zealand, aftershocks of 1968
Authors: Gibowicz S. J.
Published: September 2021

abstract

A theoretical relationship between seismic moment and local magnitude ML is derived from the relationship between magnitude ML and source dimension given by Randall (1973). For a circular fault of radius smaller than about 0.5 km, the magnitude ML is proportional to the logarithm of the seismic moment Mo, and these values alone cannot specify other source parameters. For greater radii the values of Mo and ML define Brune's (1970) far-field spectrum and in these cases other source characteristics can be readily obtained. The seismic moment can be estimated from the long-period amplitudes, and therefore the moment-magnitude relation provides a convenient method for determination of the source properties.

The relationship between the logarithm of the various source parameters and seismic moment is considered for a number of regions and earthquake sequences. It appears to be of linear form and, furthermore, it seems that the same slope coefficient can be used in different regions. Source properties show regional differences, and the most suitable parameter to describe these differences is the average displacement.

Besides the regional variations, there seems to be a time variation of source properties. This is the case for the Inangahua aftershock sequence, during which the variation of the displacement residuals correlates with the variation of the coefficient b, which defines the frequency-magnitude relation.
An application of a stochastic model to a volcanic earthquake swarm
Authors: Filson John , Simkin Tom
Published: September 2021

abstract

The Kolomogorov model of event occurrence as developed by Knopoff in earthquake model studies has been applied to a volcanic earthquake swarm. It is shown that in this case, where the rate of seismic energy release was nearly constant in time, the model adequately relates the various seismicity statistics of the swarm.
The Mt. Rainier earthquake of July 18, 1973, and its tectonic significance
Authors: Crosson Robert S. , Frank David
Published: September 2021

abstract

On July 18, 1973, a magnitude 3.9 earthquake was strongly felt at Longmire and surrounding areas near Mt. Rainier, Washington. Network analysis permitted an accurate hypocenter to be located at 46°49.29′N and 121°49.86′W at a depth of 10.9 km, about 7 km southwest of the summit of Mt. Rainier. No prolonged aftershock sequence was generated, although two small aftershocks were recorded and located. Aerial photographs of the epicentral region reveal several northwest-trending lineaments which may be related to active faults in the region, although no surface ground breakage was discovered. The focal mechanism obtained for the main shock is well constrained and consistent with right-lateral strike-slip motion along a northwest-trending fracture, in general agreement with northwest-trending surface lineaments. The nature of the relationship of the earthquake occurrence to Mt. Rainier is uncertain. The principal compressive axis direction is in agreement with that found in the central Puget Sound basin. However, the shallow depths, the strike-slip mode of faulting, and the past evidence of earthquakes near Mt. Rainier suggest a direct relationship between faulting, earthquake generation, and the volcano location.
Rayleigh- and Love-wave dispersion up to 140-second-period range in the Indonesia-Philippine region
Authors: Gupta Harsh K. , Hamada Kazuo
Published: September 2021

abstract

Group velocities for Rayleigh waves extending to 140-sec-period range have been determined for 10 paths in the Indonesia-Philippine region using moving window analysis. The group velocities for five of these paths have been determined from the vertical as well as the longitudinal components and the values obtained from the two components tally with each other. It has also been possible to obtain Love-wave group velocities for three of these paths. On the basis of group-velocity values and regions covered, the observed Rayleigh-wave group-velocity data could be divided into three groups. The first group includes data for paths mostly confined to deep ocean and the observed data could be explained by standard oceanic models such as 8099. The second group includes data for paths lying partially within seismically active regions and models ARC-1 and ALRDG-9 fit with these data. The third group shows still lower group velocities for paths entirely confined to seismically active regions. The shear velocities inferred from Love-wave dispersion data are higher than those inferred from Rayleigh-wave data. In general, the group velocities varied greatly within small distances even in the longer period range, indicating strong lateral heterogeneities in the mantle.
Relation of geological structure to seismicity at Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site
Authors: McKeown F. A.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Some of the abundant and unique geological and seismological data acquired at the Nevada Test Site is integrated with the objectives of (1) resolving some of the ambiguity in explanations of the source of aftershocks of nuclear explosions, and (2) demonstrating the value of using detailed geological and seismological data to infer realistic source parameters of earthquakes.

The distribution of epicenters of aftershocks from nuclear explosions at Pahute Mesa suggests that they are related to faults or intersections of faults in the buried ring-fracture zones of calderas rather than to the conspicuous basin-and-range faults exposed at the surface. Histograms of fault length show clearly that faults in a basin-and-range regime differ significantly in length, median length, and distribution of length from faults in a caldera regime. A histogram of fault lengths derived from magnitudes of aftershocks shows both the median and distribution charactersitics of caldera faults rather than of basin-and-range faults. Cumulative frequency-fault length-squared plots also show differences in the two fault regimes, and have slopes, herein called bf slopes, of −0.89 and −1.08 for caldera and basin-and-range faults, respectively. The bf slopes are similar to the average slope of a cumulative frequency-strain plot for aftershocks rather than to the b slopes for cumulative frequency-magnitude plots. Although the significance of b and bf slopes and differences between them are not resolved clearly, it is concluded that the fault length and strain data reflect dimensions of seismic sources rather than energy of seismic events.

The principal conclusion of the investigation is that the most obvious geology of a seismically active area may not provide the proper basis for inferring seismicsource parameters.
A note on the duration of earthquake and nuclear-explosion ground motions
Authors: Hays Walter W.
Published: September 2021

The duration of ground acceleration, an important engineering seismology parameter, was determined for a subset of nuclear explosion and earthquake accelerograms. The nuclear-explosion, ground-motion data sample consisted of accelerograms derived from velocity recordings of high-yield events, MILROW and CANNIKIN, which have been assigned surface-wave magnitudes of 5.3 and 5.7, respectively. The earthquake-data sample consisted primarily of the Richter magnitude 6.6 San Fernando earthquake accelerograms. The criterion used to define duration of ground acceleration was the amount of time that the absolute acceleration is ≧ 5 per cent g, an approximate index of the strong phase of ground shaking. On the basis of this criterion and the data subset used, the duration of earthquake ground acceleration differs from that of nuclear explosions. The difference, which is not as great as has generally been thought in the past, is small inside 20 km. Earthquake durations are greater beyond 20 km. The scatter in the duration data was analyzed and found to be sensitive to local site amplification phenomena. These preliminary conclusions need to be validated by further research.
Focal mechanisms of some recent Himalayan earthquakes and regional plate tectonics
Authors: Tandon A. N. , Srivastava H. N.
Published: September 2021

Focal mechanism solutions of 12 recent earthquakes along the northern boundary of the Indian-Eurasian plates, from Hindukush to Burma, have been determined assuming the double-couple hypothesis. It has been found that the majority of earthquakes are of thrust type with the pressure directions acting at right angles to the faults/mountains, but, for a few of the earthquakes the orientations of the pressure directions are almost along the strike of the faults. Such observations could be partly explained in terms of the concept of “flake tectonics” as proposed for continent-continent collisions. A number of earthquakes in the eastern Himalayas and Burma show normal dip-slip or predominantly strike-slip movements. These anomalies call for further refinements of the plate theory in this zone of complicated deformation.
Three adaptive filters for the detection of body waves, with application to deep seismic soundings
Authors: Souriau Marc , Veinante J. L.
Published: September 2021

This paper deals with the sequential adaptive filtering of body waves based on a systematic analysis of correlations (covariances) between available digital data of deep seismic soundings. The initial step is to develop a fast algorithm for computing the covariance. We show how a simple recursive filter is well-fitted. First, a deconvolution filter based on the prediction error is developed; for ease in computation, it is derived from a one-point analysis. Second, we use a polarization filter defined by Flinn (1965). Through a theoretical analysis of the seismic field, we show how the filter is biased when it is applied to rectilinear signals in a nonisotropic noise, and we justify an empirical adjustment. Third, an original filter is based on the permanent analysis of space correlations between seismic stations, inside an arbitrary discrete fan of apparent velocities. Applied to three contiguous tracks with arbitrary spacings, the filter is able to enhance any phenomenon with a variable velocity so long as that velocity is included inside the fan. By spectral analysis, space aliasing and velocity resolution are specified, and capabilities of other procedures are revised. The three filters are applied to the same experimental data in order to estimate their relative efficiency.
Premonitory changes in ts/tp due to anisotropy and migration of hypocenters
Authors: Gupta Indra N.
Published: September 2021

The anisotropic characteristics of stress-induced cracks in dilatant rock can significantly influence the observed values of ts/tp obtained using the Wadati diagram. Systematic vertical migration of hypocenters of foreshocks within a region of thrust tectonics can lead to variations in both ts/tp and orientation of the compressive stress axis of the same type as observed before several thrust-type earthquakes. In this model, the seismic velocities become considerably anisotropic due to preferential alignment of open cracks, but it is not essential to assume pre-earthquake flow of groundwater into the dilated zone. Observations of ts/tp versus depth of focus in the Garm region, USSR and some other results appear to support this possibility.