bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Informacinis genomas, individo ir populiacijos genomai
Authors: Rubikas Jonas
Published: January 2019

Genetinė informacija yra užkoduota DNR nukleotidų seka. Tačiau reikėtų skirti DNR molekulę ar jos atkarpą, kaip cheminį junginį, ir DNR molekulę, kaip turinčią genetinės informacijos; svarbiausias skirtumas - informacijos raiška. ligoje DNR molekulėje, sudarytoje iš milijonų nukleotidų, kaupiama ląstelės, organizmo, taip pat populiacijos genetinė informacija. Informacinis genamas - tai DNR-RNR molekulė, turinti informacij•os dvigubėjimo pradžiai (plazmidės), dvigubėjimą atliekančiam fermentui bei su dvigubėjimu susijusioms kitoms struktūroms ar baltymams (virusai). Tokie genamai dvigubėja tik ląstelėje. Individo genamas turi informacijos, leidžiančios ląstelei savarankiškai gyventi aplinkoje. Populiacijos genamas - tai visų individų, sudarančių populiaciją, informacija. Vienaląsčių (pvz., gleivūno) gename yra informacij•a, leidžianti susidaryti įvairių savybių ląstelių populiacijai gyvenimo rato metu (ląstelė-kaupimasis-vaisinis kūnas-spora). Daugialąsčių organizmas taip pat yra populiacija ląstelių, turinčių tokį patį genamą, tik dėl skirtingų genų raiškos skiriamojo dalijimosi metu ląstelės tampa skirtingos formos ir paskirties, tačiau jas vienija bendras populiacijos tikslas - išgyventi ir daugintis. Kaupiantis informacijai, informacinis genamas didėja reguliuojamas atrankos ir priimdamas naują individui ir populiacijai reikiamą informaciją.
Pašnekesys su Baltijos regiono šalių filosofais
Authors: Treznevičiūtė Daiva
Published: January 2019

Šiaurės ir Rytų regionų Filosofijos forumas nuo 1995 m reguliariai suburia jaunus ir patyrusius filosofus iš viso Baltijos regiono bendram darbui, kurio svarbi dalis yra tarptautinės filosofijos vasaros mokyklos. Šiais metais (2001 08 27-31) Loderupo ir Lundo miestuose (Pietų Švedija) vyko trečioji tokia mokykla, kurią organizavo Greifsvaldo (Vokietija) universitetas (prof. dr. Wemer Stegmaier ir dr. Carola Hantsch). Mokyklos tema buvo Filosofijos ištakos ir jos funkcijos šiuolaikiniame pasaulyje: buvo siekiama sugrįžti prie pamatinių filosofijos opozicijų, Europos filosofijos perimtų iš antikos, ir diskutuoti apie jos gyvybingumą bei reiškimosi šiuolaikiniame mąstyme pavidalus.
Sociologija ir reflektyvumas
Authors: Valantiejus Algimantas
Published: January 2019

Straipsnio tikslas - išnagrinėti metodologinius sociologinio reflektyvumo sąvokos aspektus ir parodyti šios sąvokos svarbą mėginant suprasti pliuralistinę ir fragmentišką šiuolaikinės sociologijos sklaidą. Šiandienos sociologijos identitetas apima gana įvairias ir skirtingas teorines kryptis, kurių atstovai ne tik papildo, bet ir kritiškai peržiūri konvencinius sociologijos aiškinimo principus. Palyginti su ankstesniuoju laikotarpiu, gerokai sustiprėjo nepasitikėjimas „išorinių“ socialinių faktų tiesa. Reflektyviosios sociologijos žvilgsnis vis labiau krypsta į kontekstinius ir pragmatinius akademinės veiklos aspektus. Anksčiau sociologinio aiškinimo formos nebūdavo metodiškai įtraukiamos į sociologínę analizę, o pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais kritiška reflektyvumo samprata darosi neatskiriama pačios sociologijos dalis. Lyginant su ankstesniuoju teorinės sintezės polinkiu, šiuolaikinė sociologija, kad ir su išlygomis, plėtoja visiškai priešingą - daugiaparadigmį, iš dalies netgi fragmentišką modelį. Sociologijos identitetą dabar formuoja: 1) vidinė disciplinos diferenciacija ír reliatyvus kontekstas; 2) pastangos kritiškai įvertínti socialinius-mokslinius tikrovės aiškinimus; 3) skeptiškas požiūris į „reprezentacijas ”; 4) „performatyvinis” kritikopobūdis; 5) neapibrėžtumo patyrimas, kurį sustiprina diskusinis, diskursyvus ir reflektyvus sociologijos pobūdis.
Wittgensteinas: mistiška, kad pasaulis yra
Authors: Dainys Augustinas
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje aptariami L. Wittgensteino „Loginio-filosofinio traktato“ aforizmai, skirti mistiškumo problemai. Svarstoma jų vieta „Traktato“ vísumoje. Aiškinamasi, kuo jie „Traktatą“ daro išskirtiniu kalbos filosofijos veika. Traktatas turi dvi dalis - apie vieną gali būti kalbama, o apie kitą - tylima. Analizuojamas gamtamokslinės ir mistinės perspektyvų santykis. Apie gamtamokslínę perspektyva gali būti kalba- ma, o apie mistinę - tylima. Parodoma, kad , Traktatas" buvo parašytas iš transcendentinės perspektyvos: žvelgiant į pasaulį iš išorės taip, kaip žvelgia į pasaqu Dievas. Aptariamas „Traktato“ platonizmas ir iškylanti trečiojo problema. Atskleidžiama Wittgensteino žiūros nužmoginanti tendencija ir galimos totalitaristinés implikacijos.
Vartojimo ekonomika: kultūrinė poreikių gamyba
Authors: Rubavičius Vytautas
Published: January 2019

Vienas esminių Lietuvos pereinamojo būvio bruožų yra spartus vartojimo ekonomikos ir vartotojų visuomenės kūrimasis, todėl ypač svarbu aiškintis vartojimo, ekonomikos ir kultūros sąveiką. Vartojimas dažniausiai suvokiamas kaip individo poreikių ir norų tenkinimas, tačiau ekonomikos neribotos plėtros scenarijus verčia atkreipti dėmesį į J.K. Galbraitho ir J. Baudrillard'o analizės išvadas, jog vartojimo kapitalizmo sąlygomis poreikiai ir norai gaminami kartu su prekėmis, o prekės ir suprekintos paslaugos užpildo pačios sukultūrintos ekonomikos kuriamą stokos tuštumą. Kultūra tampa ekonomine galia, kuri gamina poreikius ir įtvirtina juos kaip aukštesnio gyvenimo lygio viziją bei siekiamybę ir sykiu kaip socialinę individualaus tapatumo konstravimo priemonę. Straipsnyje išskleidžiama Th.W. Adorno kultūros industrijos samprata, o J. Baudrillard?o išplėtota vartojamosios vertės fetišizmo kritika pasitelkiama "vartojimo laisvės", "laisvo vartotojo pasirinkimo" ir kitų panašių vaizdinių ideologiniam turiniui atskleisti. Sykiu paryškinami kai kurie socialistinio vartojimo ypatumai, aiškinamas socialistinio "poreikių tenkinimo" pobūdis.
T. Vebleno parodomojo vartojimo teorija ir šiuolaikinės kultūros bei vartojimo tyrimų problemos
Authors: Čemevičiūtė Jūratė
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje analizuojama klasikinė parodomojo vartojimo teorija, išdėstyta amerikiečių ekonomisto Thorsteino Vebleno darbuose, ir jos ištakos. Aptariami parodomojo vartojimo tradicinėse visuomenėse pavyzdžiai, jo raida bei modifikacijos šiuolaikinėje vartotojiškoje visuomenėje. Parodomojo vartojimo fenomenas lyginamas su kitomis parodomojo arba demonstratyvaus elgesio formomis. Pateikiama kritinė T. Vebleno parodomojo vartojimo sampratos analizė, aptariama jos įtaka šiuolaikinėms ekonominėms ir sociologinėms vartotojo elgesio teorijoms.
Kultūrinio ir simbolinio kapitalo gamyba: „Disney“ fenomenas
Authors: Mažeikis Gintautas
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje lyginamos K. Marxo klasikinė kapitalo samprata ir P. Bourdieau aiškintos simbolinio ir kultūrinio kapitalo sąvokos. Analizuojami konkretūs "Disney" korporacijos veiksmai, susiję su šių kapitalo formų institucionalizacija ir manipuliacija. Siekiama parodyti, kaip simbolinis ir kultūrinis kapitalas yra susijęs su fetišizacijos ir personifikacijos veiksniais ir kokie instituciniai konfliktai dėl to kyla. Analizuojama "Disney" veikla siekiant išvengti tokio pobūdžio konfliktų: atsisakant auteur praktikos ir animuojant mėgstamiausius herojus. Nagrinėjama "Disney" ideologinių nuostat ų kaita: nuo masių žmogaus poreikių tenkinimo iki šiuolaikinio multikultūralizmo, diversifikacijos ir socialinės fragmentacijos puoselėjimo. Kritikuojamos Th. Adorno ir W. Benjamino pažiūros į "Disney", kaip į hegemoninę industrinio imperializmo korporaciją. Priešingai, pabrėžiama humanistinė, individualizuojanti, kooperacinė, edukacinė šiuolaikinio "Disney" veikla. Pasakojama apie "Disney" pragmatizmą, susijusį su vartotojų ir korporacijos abipusių interesų puoselėjimu kuriant svajonių ir utopijos šalį.
Mitas – archajinis naivus mokslas ar gyvenimo veiksnys?
Authors: Stelmokas Saulius
Published: January 2019

Šiuolaikinis mokslas į mitą žvelgia kaip į naivų pažinimo būdą, būdingą archajiniam žmogui. Mokslas pakeitė mitą mūsų gyvenime – jis užėmė jo vietą. Nepaisant tokio mokslo požiūrio, mitas funkcionuoja mūsų pasaulyje veikdamas gyvenimą kaip ir protėvių laikais. Mokslinis pažinimas nevaldo mūsų gyvenimo – jo tiesa nėra gyvenimiška. Mokslinė tiesa yra tik teorinė tiesa. Mitas visada yra praktinis – tai pranešimas-imperatyvas, verčiantis mus veikti. Veikimo pobūdis lemia, kad tiesa negali būti mito kriterijus. Vienintelis mito kriterijus – efektyvumas.
Аnapus gyvenimo ir mirties dualizmo: budistinė egzistencijos interpretacija
Authors: Budriūnaitė Agnė
Published: January 2019

„Paprastas“ Vakarų visuomenės žmogus nepripažįsta savo mirties kaip neišvengiamos ateities; jis stengiasi pamiršti savo mirtį ir gyvena taip, tarsi jo egzistencija būtų gyvenimas-be-mirties. Toks žmogus stengiasi vis labiau sustiprinti savąjį Aš, kad pabėgtų nuo nujaučiamos mirties keliamo egzistencinio nerimo. Egzistencijos filosofų manymu, savo mirties, kaip neatsiejamos gyvenimo dalies, pripažinimas lemia žmogaus tapimą autentišku, laisvu, sąmoningu. Savo mirtingumą įsisąmoninančiam žmogui iškyla dvi alternatyvos: pripažinti mirtį kaip gyvenimo esmę (mirtis-gyvenime) arba žvelgti į egzistenciją iš amžinybės perspektyvos (gyvenimas-mirtyje). Budizmas siūlo kitokią išeitį sulygindamas gyvenimą ir mirtį, parodydamas Aš (bandančio įsikabinti į vieną ar kitą) iliuziškumą. Pagrindinė sąvoka, išreiškianti budistinę egzistencijos sampratą, yra suunyataa – „tuštuma, niekas“. Ši sąvoka atliepia egzistencijos filosofų idėjas, tačiau su jomis nesutampa. Šiame straipsnyje lyginama M. Heideggerio, J. P. Sartre’o, Mokytojo Eckharto ir budizmo „nieko“ idėjos, atskleidžiami panašumai ir skirtumai.
F. Nietzsche’s požiūris į tiesą: mirtinas įkandimas?
Authors: Stepukonis Aivaras
Published: January 2019

Norint deramai suprasti tiesos klausimu filosofuojantį Nietzsche’ę, būtina susipažinti su būdu, kuriuo mąstytojas sprendžia daugumą jam kylančių intelektinių problemų: šis būdas ne viena smulkmena primena metodinį René Descartes’o abejojimą. Nietzsche’s mąstyme galima aptikti bent tris posūkius nuo tradicinio, teigiamo požiūrio į tiesą: 1) mąstymas ir pažinimas redukuojami į fiziologinius kūno procesus ir nuolatinę vidinių būsenų kaitą; 2) daugelis ilgaamžių tiesų paverčiamos paprasčiausiais prietarais, naudingais faktinėms žmonių bendruomenėms kovojant su tikrove praktišku, bet kartu supaprastintu ir iškreiptu būdu; 3) tiesa nuvertinama arba neigiamai įvertinama kaip gyvenimui nepravarti ar net žalinga nuostata. Aptariant nyčiškąją tiesos sampratą, taip pat svarbu neišleisti iš akių mąstytojo potraukio genetetiniam aiškinimo būdui, nuolatiniam domėjimuisi istorine, antropologine ir filologine dorovinių bei visuomeninių reiškinių genealogija.
Istorinis pasakojimas kaip naratologinės analizės objektas
Authors: Žemgulis Vytautas
Published: January 2019

Naratyvistinės istorijos filosofijos radikaliojo sparno atstovai H. White'as ir F. Ankersmitas teigia, kad istorinis naratyvas yra giminingas literatūriniam. Toks teiginys implikuoja, jog istorinį pasakojimą galima analizuoti literatūros mokslo priemonėmis. Šiame straipsnyje mėginama paanalizuoti priežastis, kodėl iki šiol tiek literatūrologai, tiek istorijos filosofai mažai skyrė dėmesio istorinio naratyvo literatūrologinei analizei. Išdėsčius pagrindines literatūrologines naratyvo teorijos sąvokas, analizuojama E. Gudavičiaus Lietuvos istorijos ištrauka naratologiškai ir aptariama tokios istorinio pasakojimo analizės reikšmė istorijos filosofijai.
Panoptikumas ir panoptizmas globalizacijos sąlygomis
Authors: Barevičiūtė Jovilė
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje Panoptikumo idėja ir panoptizmo valdžios forma moduliuojama vieno ryškiausių postmoderno epochos fenomeno - globalizacijos fone. Aptariama garsaus šiuolaikinio mąstytojo Z. Baumano pozicija Panoptikumo ir Sinoptikumo, panoptizmo ir sinoptizmo klausimais. Architektūrinis statinio modelis – tai galios santykių galimybės sąlyga ir drausminio aparato įtvirtinimas. Kokia prasmė lyginti Panoptikumą ir Sinoptikumą? Ieškoma elektroninių duomenų bankų ir Panoptikumo struktūrų sąlyčio taškų ir skirtumų. Kodėl duomenų bankai kibernetinėje erdvėje pasiekia aukščiausią mobilumo lygmenį, o Panoptikumas imobi/izuoja kiekvieną individą, patekusį į tobulo kalėjimo teritoriją?
Suartėjimas: koegzistencinės analizės patirtis
Authors: Shchyttsova Tatiana
Published: January 2019

The essay carries out the primary phenomenological explication of rapprochement (drawing nearer) as a fundamental mode of Being-with-one-another. Proceeding from the existential interpretation of space given in Heidegger's Being and Time the author shows that Heidegger's clarification concentrates exclusively on the relation to an ready-to-hand equipment and ignores the question of how nearness and distance in the relation to the Other are determined while the very approach chosen by Heidegger for such clarification turns to be unacceptable for this new question. In this connection the paper is aimed, first of all, at letting the phenomenon show itself. It is achieved due to the phenomenological description of the experience of death of the near one. This experience proves the fact of nearness in its immediate evidence and in actu. Explication of the phenomenon of drawing nearer allows, finally, to introduce several basic characteristics which distinguish the world of nearness from the world of publicity.
GYVENIMO KARTU PRASMĖS
Authors: Pavilionienė Marija Aušrinė
Published: January 2019

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NUO REIKŠMĖS PRIE VERTĖS, ARBA NAUJA ANALIZĖS PERSPEKTYVA
Authors: Pavilionis Rolandas
Published: January 2019

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A literatura como um destino para as ausências
Authors: Vaz Laís Naufel Fayer
Published: January 2019

A relação inversa de orfandade entre mãe e filho é desenvolvida neste conto do Padre Fábio de Melo. De forma simbólica, profunda e artesanal, o autor cria uma narrativa intimista, rica em detalhes, crítica acerca da morte, sob a ótica de quem fica, da mãe que, ao perder o filho, perde sua “função”. Este artigo vista pensar a relação familiar e intimista como um dos temas da literatura contemporânea.
Life is but a dream: navios fantasmas e comunidades incomuns em Opisanie świata
Authors: Stigger Veronica Antonine
Published: January 2019

Este ensaio visa refletir sobre minha própria produção ficcional, tendo como fio condutor a noção de “comunidades incomum”, tema do encontro da APSA em 2016, onde originalmente apresentei este texto como um dos keynotespeakers do evento. A ideia é centrarme no romance Opisanie świata, publicado em 2013, e examinar como os personagens ali constituem o que poderíamos chamar não tanto uma comunidade incomum, mas uma comunidade de incomuns, uma comunidade que tem como único ponto de contato o fato de todos estarem em trânsito, isto é, de todos estarem fora de seus lugares de origem. Ou seja, aquilo que os aproxima não é algo da ordem da identidade, mas do não-pertencimento.
Validation of occurrence of tropical shads, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) and T. toli (Valenciennes, 1847) (Teleostei, Clupeidae), in Malaysian waters
Authors: Roberd Amyzee Anak , Taha Hussein , Metali Faizah , Ahmad Norhayati , Arai Takaomi
Published: January 2019

The tropical shads of the genus Tenualosa are important and high-value commercial clupeid fishes in the Indo-Pacific region. Although there is difficulty in accurately identifying tropical shads based solely on morphology, we successfully identified T. ilisha and T. toli from Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo, which were confirmed by an analysis using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. We propose that accurate identifications of tropical shad species should always include molecular genetic analysis for precise species confirmation. There is an urgent need for studies on the ecology, population dynamics, and conservation of these species in Malaysia.
First records of Sepedonea lindneri (Hendel, 1932) and Protodictya lilloana Steyskal, 1953 (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) from Uruguay with an overview on their biology
Authors: Bao Leticia , Castiglioni Enrique , Martínez Sebastián , Savaris Marcoandre , Marinoni Luciane
Published: January 2019

Sciomyzidae (Diptera) has been recorded in several countries of South America, but few species have been found in Uruguay. We report the first record of Sepedonea lindneri (Hendel, 1932) and Protodictya lilloana Steyskal, 1953 (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) from Uruguay. The specimens were collected in rice crops and in adjacent native vegetation with sweep net and vacuum sampler from December to March (2012–2015) in the Eastern region of the country. Photos of collection areas, habitus of adults and distribution map of the species are provided.
Experimental study of clip angle bolted connection between two cold-formed steel channels
Authors: Natesan Vijayakumar , Madhavan Mahendrakumar
Published: January 2019

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the load–deflection relationships, ultimate load and behaviour of beam-to-beam cold-formed steel (CFS) channels connected with clip angles using various connection configurations. In total, 24 specimens were tested to determine the optimum aspect ratio of the clip angle leg in order to improve the connection without significant loss of strength under four-point bending. The parameters studied included the aspect ratio of the attached legs of the clip angle and the thickness of the clip angle. The results showed that a distortional buckling mode of failure occurred in either one leg or both legs of the clip angle depending on the clip angle thickness and the aspect ratio of the anchored leg and the loaded leg connected to the CFS channel. Graphs of rotational stiffness against the percentage of ultimate moment were plotted to determine the ductility of the connection. The experimental results from this work indicate that the design equations from a previous study in the literature are slightly conservative at service load and over conservative at ultimate load.
Russia’s Governors Under Presidential Control, 2005-2012: A Survival Analysis of Gubernatorial Tenures
Authors: Reisinger William M , Moraski Bryon J
Published: January 2019

What do we learn about politics between Russia’s federal center and its regions from examining governors’ tenures during the period of Kremlin control? We use survival analysis of data from all of Russia’s regions from 2005-2012 to estimate the factors influencing when a governor is replaced, including the region’s size and ethnic composition, the governor’s age, and aspects of the governor’s administrative and political performance. We find that the Kremlin targeted its replacements on governors who could not deliver pro-Kremlin votes in federal elections. Yet this tool of political control over the regional leaderships did not prevent the weak showing of the Kremlin’s party in the 2011 legislative election or the mediocre showing of Putin in the 2012 presidential election. The appointment era now looks more like a failed experiment than an inexorable tightening of authoritarian control over the country.
How Democracies Keep the Peace: Contextual Factors That Influence Conflict Management Strategies
Authors: Ellis Glynn , Mitchell Sara McLaughlin , Prins Brandon C
Published: January 2019

Some studies find that democratic states are more amenable to third party forms of conflict management, while other studies indicate that democracies are able to resolve contentious issues on their own through bilateral negotiations. Using data from the Issue Correlates of War (ICOW) Project, the authors investigate peaceful and militarized conflict management strategies that democratic states employ to resolve contentious issues. Theoretically, the authors focus on how militarized conflict history, relative capabilities, and issue salience influence the tools of conflict management that democratic states employ. Empirical analyses suggest that democratic dyads employ bilateral negotiations more often to resolve contentious issues when the issue has been militarized previously, when the issue is more salient, and when they are facing an equal adversary. Democratic dyads seek out non-binding third party settlement more frequently in situations of power preponderance than non-democratic dyads, although binding forms of third party settlement occur most often in relatively equal democratic dyads. Pairs of democracies are more likely to employ militarized conflict management strategies when they have resorted to force over the issue previously, when the issue is highly salient, and when they are evenly matched.
Russian Regional Foreign Policy Looking East and West
Authors: Reisinger William M , Yoo Hyemin
Published: January 2019

We combine statistical analyses of data from all 83 members of the Russian Federation with a detailed study of St. Petersburg city. We reach four conclusions: 1) a region’s level of international activ-ity, both its economic connectedness (foreign investment, imports and exports) and its active paradiplo-macy, can be well predicted by a few demographic and economic characteristics. 2) Regions with higher economic connectedness are also more active in signing foreign accords, but our cross-sectional analysis shows no causal relationship. While every regional leadership is likely to understand the importance of paradiplomacy, they vary primarily in how extensively they are capable of pursuing it. 3) Although several analysts of paradiplomacy in Russia argue that the non-ethnically Russian regions should have higher levels, we find that they are less active internationally. 4) Location matters for the direction of regional connections and paradiplomacy.
Seedling vigor v1
Authors: Hu Zhenbin , Morris Geoff
Published: January 2019

Select five plots as standard: 1 (weakest) - 5 (strongest), thenotherplots will be scored based on the similar with which standard plot. Seedling vigor is based on the size of seedling, greenness, uniformity Score each plot for seedingvigor was phenotyped by plot Seedling vigor was phenotyped every other day for six times Seedling vigor phenotyping was started after 15 days of planting or 10 days after emergence
Protocol for a reproducible circRNA analysis using Docker4Circ v1
Authors: Ferrero Giulio , Licheri Nicola , Coscujuela Tarrero Lucia , De Intinis Carlo , Miano Valentina , Adolfo Calogero Raffaele , Cordero Francesca , Beccuti Marco , De Bortoli Michele
Published: January 2019

Despite many computational tools were developed to predict circular RNAs (circRNAs), a limited number of work-flows exists to fully analyse a circRNA set ensuring the computational reproducibility of the whole analysis. For this purpose, we designed Docker4Circ, a computational work-flow for a comprehensive circRNA analysis of a circRNAs composed of four modules: the circRNA prediction (module 1), the circRNA classification and annotation (module 2), the circRNA sequence analysis (module 3), and circRNA expression analysis (module 4). To ensure reproducibility each function of Docker4Circ was embeded into a docker image following guideline provided by Reproducible Bioinformatics Project (RBP, http://reproducible-bioinformatics.org/). Each function is included in the Docker4Seq R package which already includes different solutions for reproducible bioinformatic analyses. This protocol describes the use of each function of Docker4Circ to analyse the circRNAs predicted from a set of RNA-Seq experiments performed in normal colon and colorectal cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the description of the functions required to compute the expression level of the analysed circRNAs in a set of RNA-Seq experiments of colorectal primary tumors is provided.
Test protocol v1
Authors: Routine Live test Daily
Published: January 2019

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POLYLINGUAL EDUCATION IN NON-LINGUISTIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Khomenko Oleksandr
Published: January 2019

Background: Globalization processes directly affect the system of foreign language training in particular in non-linguistic higher education institutions and determine the need for its modernization. Such modernization requires both the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the strategic goal of foreign language training in Ukraine. We formulate this goal as formation of a polycultural professional linguistic personality, primarily, a secondary professional linguistic personality. Formation of the secondary linguistic personality is accompanied by acculturation i.e a person’s involvement in the secondary culture, its norms and traditions. Since acculturation is generally impossible without polylingualism, so raising the question of polylingualism in Ukrainian universities has become well-timed and expedient in the conditions of globalization and integration and determines the relevance of the article.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the feasibility of polylingual education in non-linguis­tic higher education institutions and outline the ways of its implementation.

Results. The introduction of polylingualism provides freedom of choice since it enables such an organization of the learning process where the use of more than one foreign language for instruction will becomes possible. It will primarily promote the diversification of professionally oriented foreign language training of students that will result in provision of personalized learning, particularly in the field of foreign language training, as well as freedom to choose languages for mastering, and, therefore, a student’s autonomy, which is relevant to the whole system of our higher education. The introduction of polylingualism also prompts the introduction of a pan-European stan­dardized level of foreign language proficiency, providing future language specialists with a foreign-language com­municative competence recognized in a broad European format. The introduction of polylingual education implies the need for effective innovative methods, compulsory teaching of foreign languages by their native speakers, structural improvement of foreign language training, etc. Though polylingualism has become the matter of re­search in some contemporary studies, however the theoretical foundations and technologies of its teaching have not yet been developed in the domestic and foreign pedagogical literature.

Discussion. The introduction of polylingualism into the educational process of non-linguistic higher educa­tional institutions is considered as means that will give the students freedom to choose the language of instruction; will facilitate the diversification of professionally oriented foreign language training; will form polylinguistic com­petence, updating the level approach to language learning and requiring further development of theoretical and methodological principles and relevant innovative techniques.
DEVELOPING PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE IN PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS OF CLASSICAL LANGUAGES THROUGH PROJECT METHODOLOGY
Authors: Shovkovy Vyacheslav
Published: January 2019

Background. The professional activity of a teacher requires a wide range of skills and personal qualities including flexibility, creativity, getting adjusted to learning conditions, the ability to select an appropriate teaching methodology and assessment technique as well as compile syllabuses, educational materials, textbooks, etc. All these skills and qualities are components of pedagogical competence which is the key to professional training of prospective teachers of classical languages. Developing the above-mentioned competence requires specific training so that it fully reflects real conditions of teaching activity. Therefore, to develop pedagogical competence, the author suggests making use of project methodology with the focus on simulating real professional activities of a teacher.

Purpose. The article aims at defining the concept of pedagogical competence of a classical languages teacher. It describes the competence structure, considers the project methodology in terms of its implementation in teacher training as well as develops criteria to assess the acquisition level of the competence under discussion.

Results. Based on the analysis of a number of researches, pedagogical competence of a classical languages teacher is defined as a system of knowledge and skills, abilities and readiness of a prospective teacher to design and organize the process of teaching classical languages. Additionally, the competence involves assessment skills, the ability to design educational materials and motivate students to learn classical languages, be flexible and creative while addressing a variety of standard and non-standard situations in the classroom. With these concepts in mind, the author insists on project methodology underlying the process of building pedagogical competence. In particular, 7 short-term creative projects were developed to be carried out in pairs or groups. They include: Designing a syllabus (competence-based approach); Building lexical competence in classical languages; Developing grammatical competence in classical languages; Shaping linguistic and sociocultural competence in classical languages; Building competence in reading; Designing a final test; Planning a class in classical languages. The level of competence acquisition is assessed relying on the following criteria: the quality of the selected teaching materials, compliance of the materials with the curriculum requirements, arrangement of exercises and tasks, the quality of exercises, and the correlation of the language material with professional needs of the students.

Discussion. In further research, we think it necessary to experimentally verify the effectiveness of the de­veloped projects for building pedagogical competence of prospective teachers as well as to model the teaching process based on experimental data.
BUILDING STUDENTS’ READING-INTO-WRITING SKILLS IN WEBQUEST
Authors: Kvasova Olga , Liamzina Natalia
Published: January 2019

Background: Given the immediate access to multiple online resources and the necessity to utilize them in various professional fields has prompted the need in building ofreading-into-writing skills in English. These skills could be effectively shaped while computer assisted language learning such as WebQuest.

Purpose: WebQuest, which has been used in various teaching/learning environments for over 20 years, appeared particularly relevant in teaching English for professional communication. Being based upon internet sources, WebQuest engages students in reading and processing texts offered in the Resources Section and further transforming them according to the Central Task of the WebQuest. This paper focuses on the skills the students need to develop in order to write two types of texts based on the reading online texts – writing brief notes for visual support (slides) and full text of their oral presentation.

Discussion: Performing WebQuest in a foreign language suggests that the students have to activate their intellectual resources while doing the professional tasks and face certain linguistic barriers. Therefore, WebQuest Joining a Global Company designed for students of economics (www.zunal.com) provides a variety of scaffolds which were first offered by I. Perez Torrez. These include activation of background knowledge, language workshops (lexical and grammatical exercises), glossaries, etc. The activities that comprise the language workshop are aimed to build such reading-into-writing skills as understanding macrostructure and microstructure of the online texts and fixate the most important information in writing. Each group of activities envisages the development of relevant subskills. Given the computer-based processing of the online texts, attention is paid to the issues of eliminating plagiarism while considering such writing techniques as copying, patchwriting and summarizing information.

Results: The role of the internet in obtaining information at today’s workplace is invaluable, however, prospective professionals should be taught skills and strategies of effective processing this information without plagiarizing the sources.
Eye-movements during the perception of dangerous driving among drivers of different age and social groups
Authors: Polikarpova M.S.
Published: January 2019

The article presents the data of experimental study of the eye-movements during the perception of dangerous driving among drivers of different age and social groups. Bass-Darky questionnaire and Eye-Tracking were used. The following parameters were investigated: duration of fixations, their number, amplitude of saccades and the proportion of implicit and explicit fixations during the perception videos with dangerous and non-dangerous driving. Implicit fixations are fast and more frequent at the time of initial stimulus processing and correspond to the process of implicit attention. Their average duration ranges from 120 to 250 ms. Explicit fixations correspond to the process of explicit attention, their duration is 300—450 ms; the level of aggressiveness, diagnosed using the Bass-Darky questionnaire. The study involved 45 drivers with driving experience from six months to 31 years (22 men, 23 women, aged from 20 to 62 years), 12 professional and 33 non-professional. Differences were found in the parameters of eye movements in groups of professional drivers and non-professional; men and women in the perception of videos showing dangerous and non-dangerous driving
Los arrecifes del Pacífico Oriental Tropical, “los otros arrecifes de coral”
Authors: Laborda Antonio José
Published: January 2019

Los arrecifes de coral constituyen uno de los ecosistemas más diversos y productivos de nuestro planeta, que nos ofrecen grandes beneficios económicos y ecológicos.Beneficios que podemos perder porque todos, en mayor omenor medida, están sufriendo una rápida degradación como resultado de la elevación de la temperatura del agua del mar, la acidificación de los océanos, la sobrepesca, lasedimentación y la contaminación; amenazas que provienen, sobre todo, de las actividades humanas. De ellos se destacan aquí los arrecifes del Pacífico Oriental Tropical, “los otros arrecifes”, mucho más modestos en términos de diversidadque los del Indo-Pacífico o del Caribe, aunque presentan una gran riqueza piscícola, cuya importancia radica en su singularidad y la tenacidad de existir en condiciones no idóneas para el desarrollo de arrecifes de coral, soportando afloramientos de aguas frías y frecuentes episodios de El Niño. Ante la amenaza real sobre todos los arrecifes, es preciso concienciar a quienes toman las decisiones financieras o políticas, y a la sociedad en general, para quese adopten las medidas necesarias con el fin de no perder nuestros arrecifes de coral y la gran cantidad de especies marinas que dependen de ellos.
De la Biotecnología al periodismo científico
Authors: Bernardo Álvarez María Ángela
Published: January 2019

“Dedicarse a la ciencia es mirar donde todos miran y ver lo que nadie ve”. En noviembre de 2005, una investigadora del Instituto de Química Orgánica Lora Tamayo del CSIC pronunció esa frase mientras los estudiantes de 2º de Bachilleratodel I.E.S. Gil y Carrasco de Ponferrada, entre los que me encontraba, visitábamos el centro. Allí decidí que quería estudiar Biotecnología, después de valorar otras opciones que tambiénmegustaban, como Derecho Periodismo.
Hubungan antara konsumsi vitamin D dan gangguan depresi pada lanjut usia
Authors: Dwana Laksmita , Abikusno Nugroho
Published: January 2019

LATAR BELAKANGDepresi merupakan salah satu penyakit yang memerlukan perhatian khusus dikarenakan penyebarannya yang sudah cukup mengglobal dan lansia merupakan penderita utamanya. Gangguan ini dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor seperti riwayat kejiwaan hingga nutrisi. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kesehatan mental berdasarkan kecukupan konsumsi vitamin D. Oleh karenanya, dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara konsumsi vitamin D dan gangguan depresi pada lanjut usia.

METODEPenelitian menggunakan studi observasional dengan desain potong lintang di Panti Sosial Tresna Werda Budi Mulia 2. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara terpimpin menggunakan kuesioner yang meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, kuesioner frekuensi makanan, dan skala depresi geriatrik. Analisis data menggunakan program statistik dengan tingkat kemaknaan 0,05.

HASILDari 79 responden, terdapat 82,3% berusia Young-Old, 50,6% dengan jenis kelamin perempuan, 93,7% kurang mengkonsumsi vitamin D, 68,4% mengkonsumsi vitamin D di bawah rata-rata, dan 50,6% mengalami depresi. Rata-rata konsumsi vitamin D adalah 5,05 mcg. Hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, konsumsi vitamin D, dan rata-rata konsumsi vitamin D dengan gangguan depresi memiliki nilai p > 0,05.

KESIMPULANPenelitian ini menujukkan tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara usia, jenis kelamin, konsumsi vitamin D, dan gangguan depresi pada lansia.
Prevalence and awareness of osteopenia in perimenopausal women in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Dodeja Ajay , Makhija Anushka , Rane Ashita , Dodeja Meeta
Published: January 2019

Background: Osteopenia is considered as precursor of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a major public health problem associated with substantial morbidity and socio-economic burden worldwide. Osteopenia occurs more frequently in most menopausal women. Early detection of the same can be beneficial to control prevalence of osteoporosis and also to reduce the fracture rates.Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study using DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) was conducted on 80 women. A self-structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the level of awareness among the study subjects. The data was analyzed using statistical tests such as Chi-Square test for association. The level of significance was set at 5%.Results: The prevalence of osteopenia in the studied population was 63.75%. The mean age was recorded to be 40.35 years. The mean age of women with menopause in this study is 50.62 years. Out of the 51(63.75%) women diagnosed with osteopenia, 5.9% were underweight, 33.3% were normal and 49% were obese. Of the diseased, 37.3% experienced adequate amount sunlight exposure required while 62.7% did not. Out of the 80 women interviewed 43.75% were aware about osteopenia, its causes and complications; which 56.25% were unaware about the same.Conclusions: Women were screened for osteopenia with the help of DEXA scan according to the (World Health Organization) WHO, T-Score criteria-which may go undiagnosed otherwise and may experience the risk and complications of osteoporosis.
Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus by IADPSG criteria
Authors: Chaudhary Gunjan , Raghunandan Chita , Chopra Kanika
Published: January 2019

Background: GDM is a complex clinical entity and its screening, diagnosis, and management warrants attention. With this issue in mind, we aimed to study the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in the antenatal group of patients attending tertiary hospital in New Delhi and its association with maternal outcome.Methods: 300 pregnant patients were enrolled in the first trimester and RBS (random blood sugar) was done. Those who had RBS >200mg/dl were labelled as overt diabetes and excluded from the study. The patients who were screened negative in phase 1 of screening were subjected to the next phase of screening at 24-28 weeks of gestation with 2-hour 75g OGTT using IADPSG criteria. Those who were diagnosed as GDM were followed in the antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum period.Results: The prevalence of overt diabetes and GDM in the study population is 1.33% and 13.33%. The prevalence of gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, chronic hypertension, polyhydramnios was 15%, 5%, 5%, 7.5% respectively. Normal and instrumental vaginal delivery was in 50 %, 5% patients respectively and 45 % had the caesarean section.Conclusions: The single step OGTT with lower threshold value cut-offs and single abnormal value for the diagnosis of GDM as advocated by IADPSG seem to be effective as it helps to screen and diagnose GDM at the same time as a single step procedure and thus more cost-effective.
Comparison of prophylactic versus regular use of antibiotics in elective major obstetrical and gynecological surgeries
Authors: Sundharam Ramya Sreevarshni Shunmugha , P. B. Hiremath , R. Sankareswari
Published: January 2019

Background: Surgical site infections better prevented by parenteral antibiotic in sufficient doses generally should be given before the operation which helps to achieve the therapeutic drug level both in the blood and related tissue during the operation. Ceftriaxone, when administered together as a prophylaxis can fulfil the above criteria of a good antibiotic. Thus, this study was planned to assess the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic usage to that of regular antibiotics usage in patients undergoing elective surgeries.Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital during the study period of June 2017 to April 2018 with 140 cases. Group A received a single dose of Injection Ceftriaxone 1g. Group B, received Injection Ceftriaxone 1 gm and Injection Metronidazole 500 mg for five days. The data was entered in excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS (Version 16).Results: The mean age group in Group A and Group B was found to be 34.24±10.5 and 35.97±11.89, respectively. There was no statistical significance between group A and B for incidence of infection in the post-operative period and duration of hospital stay. The mean value in group A for duration of surgery was found to be 67.5±13.5 and in group B mean value was 72.1±14.9. (p value <0.05).Conclusions: This study demonstrated that administration of prophylactic antibiotic rather than conventional antibiotic at caesarean and gynecological surgeries are not associated with significant difference in post-operative morbidities.
The prediction of pregnancy induced hypertension from umbilical and uterine Doppler flow study
Authors: Gadhavi Vijay N. , Gadhavi Mansi K. , Pandya Manish
Published: January 2019

Background: Hypertensive disorder along with hemorrhage and infection contribute greatly to maternal mortality and morbidity. Pregnancy induced hypertension remains among the most significant and intriguing unsolved problems in obstetrics.Methods: In this prospective analytical study investigations and color doppler findings 0f umbilical artery PI, RI and end diastolic flow in same, uterine PI, RI and persistent diastolic notch in uterine artery recorded. Total 100 Cases of PIH between 20-36 weeks of gestation in 2 years with B.P ≥ 140/90 mm hg and protienuria ≥ 1+ were observed.Results: In this study, out of 100 cases, there were 58 cases of mild PIH (58%) and 42 cases of severe PIH (42%). Umbilical artery PI was elevated in 43(43.0%) patients and was normal in  57(57.0%) patients. Umbilical  artery RI was more than and equal to 0.7 in 77 patients  (77%) and was below of 0.7 in 23 (23%) pa-tients.9(9.0%)  fetuses showed  absence  and  14 (14.0%) fetus  had  reversal and 46 (46.0%) had reduced  end diastolic umbilical artery flow with total 69 out of 100  fetuses  having  abnormal  waveforms.65 (65%)  mothers  had  an  elevated  uterine  artery  PI   and  35(35%)  patients   had  normal uterine  artery PI. in observation 69 (69%)  patients  were  having  RI more  than 0.6, while 31 (31%) were having less than 0.6 out of 100 patients. In this study, 65 (65.0%) women were having persistent diastolic notch.Conclusions: This study was to evaluate arterial flow velocities as a predictor of impending pregnancy induced hypertension with raised RI and PI along with umbilical ab-sent or reverse end diastolic flow velocities and elevated RI and PI in the presence of a diastolic notch are considered as abnormal uterine doppler findings doppler finding with unfavorable outcome.
A study on fetal outcome in patients with oligohydramnios
Authors: Chauhan Rooplekha , Sahni Sonal , Dubey Akanksha
Published: January 2019

Background: There is an association between oligohydramnios and intrauterine growth restriction as well as increased perinatal mortality. Amniotic fluid provides a protected environment for the growing fetus, moderating the fetus against mechanical and biological injury. The objective of the present study was to study the fetal outcome in patients with oligohydramnios between 20 to 42 weeks of pregnancy.Methods: Prospective study of 87 pregnancies with oligohydramnios was carried in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur from 1st March 2016 to 31stMarch 2017. All women enrolled for the study were subjected to history taking, clinical examination and amniotic fluid index estimation.Results: Rate of caesarean section was higher in patients with oligohydramnios and higher number of neonates were admitted to the NICU amongst the patients of oligohydramnios.Conclusions: Oligohydramnios has a significant correlation with adverse perinatal outcome.
Clinical presentation and outcome of ectopic pregnancies in a tertiary care rural hospital
Authors: Verma Indu , Priya Punya , Chugh Charvi , Kaur Harsharan , Sood Dinesh
Published: January 2019

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is the commonest cause of the maternal morbidity and mortality in the first trimester of the pregnancy. The aim of this study was to see the clinical presentation, associated risk factors, mode of treatment and outcome.Methods: Retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care rural hospital. Women with diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy admitted between August 2016 to September 2018 were studied. Medical record files were scrutinized to get the details. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel (version 2007). Numerical data were subjected to descriptive analysis, with mean±standard deviation (SD) and categorical data as frequency and percentage.Results: Forty cases of ectopic pregnancy were included who were unbooked, non-smokers, married and belonged to rural areas. Eighty percent were in the age group of 20 to 30 years.  Maximum were gravida 3 or 4 with commonest presentation was pain, site was tubal. Laparotomy was done in 95% of women salpingectomy was the commonest surgical procedure done in 32 (80%) women. Salpingoophrectomy was done in one woman and lifesaving hysterectomy in 2 (5%) women for cervical and ruptured interstitial ectopic pregnancy one each. Blood transfusion was required in 28 (70%) women. No mortality was seen.Conclusions: Women of reproductive age group with pain abdomen and menstrual complaints, even without amenorrhoea, ectopic pregnancy should be ruled out. Treating reproductive tract infections / PID and offering contraceptives will decrease the incidence of ectopic pregnancy. Medical and paramedical staff should do the timely referral to higher centres.
Comparison of iron carboxy maltose and iron sucrose in pregnant females
Authors: Sunil Isha , Kour Prabhjit , Sharma Mitali
Published: January 2019

Background: Maternal anaemia is a common problem worldwide. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of FCM vs iron sucrose for correction of iron deficiency during pregnancy.Methods: This study was conducted in Swasthya healthcare, Jammu for a period of ten months from Sep 2017 to June 2018. A total of 100 women with Hb 7-9.9g% enrolled. They were divided into two groups of 50 each. Group A were given Iron Carboxy maltose and Group B were given Iron Sucrose. These were compared for their efficacy and safety.Results: In the present study, the rise in mean hemoglobin at 4 weeks in Group A was 1.79±0.47 and 1.06±0.11 in Group B which was highly significant (p-value<0.0001). Rise in mean serum ferritin level at 4 weeks in Group A was 123.80±16.03 and in Group B was 84.78±10.53. Statistically, this rise was also highly significant (p<0.0001). In present study, adverse reactions were observed in 34% patients in Group A, while in Group B it was observed in 52% patients.Conclusions: Iron carboxy maltose shows higher rise in hemoglobin and ferritin levels as compared to Iron Sucrose and incidence of adverse effects is also comparatively lower in the former.