bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Ridge Regression Models to Estimate Grain Yield from Field Spectral Data in Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Grown under Three Water Regimes
Authors: Hernandez Javier , Lobos Gustavo , Matus Iván , Del Pozo Alejandro , Silva Paola , Galleguillos Mauricio
Published: February 2015

Plant breeding based on grain yield (GY) is an expensive and time-consuming method, so new indirect estimation techniques to evaluate the performance of crops represent an alternative method to improve grain yield. The present study evaluated the ability of canopy reflectance spectroscopy at the range from 350 to 2500 nm to predict GY in a large panel (368 genotypes) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through multivariate ridge regression models. Plants were treated under three water regimes in the Mediterranean conditions of central Chile: severe water stress (SWS, rain fed), mild water stress (MWS; one irrigation event around booting) and full irrigation (FI) with mean GYs of 1655, 4739, and 7967 kg∙ha−1, respectively. Models developed from reflectance data during anthesis and grain filling under all water regimes explained between 77% and 91% of the GY variability, with the highest values in SWS condition. When individual models were used to predict yield in the rest of the trials assessed, models fitted during anthesis under MWS performed best. Combined models using data from different water regimes and each phenological stage were used to predict grain yield, and the coefficients of determination (R2) increased to 89.9% and 92.0% for anthesis and grain filling, respectively. The model generated during anthesis in MWS was the best at predicting yields when it was applied to other conditions. Comparisons against conventional reflectance indices were made, showing lower predictive abilities. It was concluded that a Ridge Regression Model using a data set based on spectral reflectance at anthesis or grain filling represents an effective method to predict grain yield in genotypes under different water regimes.
Inundations in the Inner Niger Delta: Monitoring and Analysis Using MODIS and Global Precipitation Datasets
Authors: Bergé-Nguyen Muriel , Crétaux Jean-François
Published: February 2015

A method of wetland mapping and flood survey based on satellite optical imagery from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra instrument was used over the Inner Niger Delta (IND) from 2000–2013. It has allowed us to describe the phenomenon of inundations in the delta and to decompose the flooded areas in the IND into open water and mixture of water and dry land, and that aquatic vegetation is separated from bare soil and “dry” vegetation. An Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of the MODIS data and precipitation rates from a global gridded data set is carried out. Connections between flood sequence and precipitation patterns from the upstream part of the Niger and Bani river watersheds up to the IND are studied. We have shown that inter-annual variability of flood dominates over the IND and we have estimated that the surface extent of open water varies by a factor of four between dry and wet years. We finally observed an increase in vegetation over the 14 years of study and a slight decrease of open water.
Unsupervised Global Urban Area Mapping via Automatic Labeling from ASTER and PALSAR Satellite Images
Authors: Duan Yulin , Shao Xiaowei , Shi Yun , Miyazaki Hiroyuki , Iwao Koki , Shibasaki Ryosuke
Published: February 2015

In this study, a novel unsupervised method for global urban area mapping is proposed. Different from traditional clustering-based unsupervised methods, in our approach a labeler is designed, which is able to automatically select training samples from satellite images by propagating common urban/non-urban knowledge through the unlabeled data. Two kinds of satellite images, captured by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and the Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR), are exploited here. In this method, spectral features are first extracted from the original dataset, followed by coarse prediction of urban/non-urban areas via weak classifiers. By developing an improved belief-propagation based clustering algorithm, a confidence map is obtained and training data are selected via weighted sampling. Finally, the urban area map is obtained by employing the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The proposed method can generate urban areamaps at a resolution of 15 m, while the same settings are used for all test cases. Experimental results involving 75 scenes from different climate zones show that our proposed method achieves an overall accuracy of 84.4% and a kappa coefficient of 0.628, which is competitive relative to the supervised SVM method.
An Instantaneous Low-Cost Point-of-Care Anemia Detection Device
Authors: Punter-Villagrasa Jaime , Cid Joan , Páez-Avilés Cristina , Rodríguez-Villarreal Ivón , Juanola-Feliu Esteve , Colomer-Farrarons Jordi , Miribel-Català Pere
Published: February 2015

We present a small, compact and portable device for point-of-care instantaneous early detection of anemia. The method used is based on direct hematocrit measurement from whole blood samples by means of impedance analysis. This device consists of a custom electronic instrumentation and a plug-and-play disposable sensor. The designed electronics rely on straightforward standards for low power consumption, resulting in a robust and low consumption device making it completely mobile with a long battery life. Another approach could be powering the system based on other solutions like indoor solar cells, or applying energy-harvesting solutions in order to remove the batteries. The sensing system is based on a disposable low-cost label-free three gold electrode commercial sensor for 50 µL blood samples. The device capability for anemia detection has been validated through 24 blood samples, obtained from four hospitalized patients at Hospital Clínic. As a result, the response, effectiveness and robustness of the portable point-of-care device to detect anemia has been proved with an accuracy error of 2.83% and a mean coefficient of variation of 2.57% without any particular case above 5%.
Online Sensor Fault Detection Based on an Improved Strong Tracking Filter
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Wu Lifeng , Guan Yong , Wang Guohui
Published: February 2015

We propose a method for online sensor fault detection that is based on the evolving Strong Tracking Filter (STCKF). The cubature rule is used to estimate states to improve the accuracy of making estimates in a nonlinear case. A residual is the difference in value between an estimated value and the true value. A residual will be regarded as a signal that includes fault information. The threshold is set at a reasonable level, and will be compared with residuals to determine whether or not the sensor is faulty. The proposed method requires only a nominal plant model and uses STCKF to estimate the original state vector. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by simulation on a drum-boiler model.
Traditional, Cyber and Combined Bullying Roles: Differences in Risky Online and Offline Activities
Authors: Wachs Sebastian , Junger Marianne , Sittichai Ruthaychonee
Published: February 2015

This study (1) reports frequency rates of mutually exclusive traditional, cyber and combined (both traditional and cyber) bullying roles; and (2) investigates whether adolescents belonging to particular bullying roles show higher levels of involvement in risky online activities (Compulsive Internet Use (CIU), online grooming victimization, and sexting) and risky offline activities (bad behavior in school, drinking alcohol and truancy) than non-involved adolescents. The sample comprised self-reports of 1928 German, Dutch and Thai adolescents (Age = 12–18; M = 14.52; SD = 1.6). The results revealed age, sex and country differences in bullying frequency rates. CIU, sending of sexts and risky offline activities were most strongly associated with combined bully-victims. The receiving of sexts was most strongly associated with combined bullies; and online grooming victimization was most strongly related to cyber bully-victims. Another important finding is that the associations between risky offline activities and combined bullying are stronger than for traditional and cyber bullying. The findings contribute to better understanding of the associations between varying bullying roles and risky online and offline activities among adolescents. In sum, the results underscore the need to promote life skills rather than adopting more conventional approaches, which focus almost exclusively on reduction of risks.
Sustainability, Efficiency and Equitability of Water Consumption and Pollution in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Mekonnen Mesfin , Pahlow Markus , Aldaya Maite , Zarate Erika , Hoekstra Arjen
Published: February 2015

This paper assesses the sustainability, efficiency and equity of water use in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) by means of a geographic Water Footprint Assessment (WFA). It aims to provide understanding of water use from both a production and consumption point of view. The study identifies priority basins and areas from the perspectives of blue water scarcity, water pollution and deforestation. Wheat, fodder crops and sugarcane are identified as priority products related to blue water scarcity. The domestic sector is the priority sector regarding water pollution from nitrogen. Soybean and pasture are priority products related to deforestation. We estimate that consumptive water use in crop production could be reduced by 37% and nitrogen-related water pollution by 44% if water footprints were reduced to certain specified benchmark levels. The average WF per consumer in the region is 28% larger than the global average and varies greatly, from 912 m3/year per capita in Nicaragua to 3468 m3/year in Bolivia. Ironically, the LAC region shows significant levels of undernourishment, although there is abundant water and food production in the region and substantial use of land and water for producing export crops like soybean.
Antivenom Cross-Neutralization of the Venoms of Hydrophis schistosus and Hydrophis curtus, Two Common Sea Snakes in Malaysian Waters
Authors: Tan Choo , Tan Nget , Tan Kae , Kwong Kok
Published: February 2015

Sea snake envenomation is a serious occupational hazard in tropical waters. In Malaysia, the beaked sea snake (Hydrophis schistosus, formerly known as Enhydrina schistosa) and the spine-bellied sea snake (Hydrophis curtus, formerly known as Lapemis curtus or Lapemis hardwickii) are two commonly encountered species. Australian CSL sea snake antivenom is the definitive treatment for sea snake envenomation; it is unfortunately extremely costly locally and is not widely available or adequately stocked in local hospitals. This study investigated the cross-neutralizing potential of three regionally produced anti-cobra antivenoms against the venoms of Malaysian H. schistosus and H. curtus. All three antivenoms conferred paraspecific protection from sea snake venom lethality in mice, with potency increasing in the following order: Taiwan bivalent antivenom < Thai monocled cobra monovalent antivenom < Thai neuro polyvalent antivenom (NPAV). NPAV demonstrated cross-neutralizing potencies of 0.4 mg/vial for H. schistosus venom and 0.8 mg/vial for H. curtus, which translates to a dose of less than 20 vials of NPAV to neutralize an average amount of sea snake venom per bite (inferred from venom milking). The cross-neutralization activity was supported by ELISA cross-reactivity between NPAV and the venoms of H. schistosus (58.4%) and H. curtus (70.4%). These findings revealed the potential of NPAV as a second-line treatment for sea snake envenomation in the region. Further profiling of the cross-neutralization activity should address the antivenomic basis using purified toxin-based assays.
Identification and Quantification of Fumonisin A1, A2, and A3 in Corn by High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Tamura Masayoshi , Mochizuki Naoki , Nagatomi Yasushi , Harayama Koichi , Toriba Akira , Hayakawa Kazuichi
Published: February 2015

Three compounds, hypothesized as fumonisin A1 (FA1), fumonisin A2 (FA2), and fumonisin A3 (FA3), were detected in a corn sample contaminated with mycotoxins by high-resolution liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-Orbitrap MS). One of them has been identified as FA1 synthesized by the acetylation of fumonisin B1 (FB1), and established a method for its quantification. Herein, we identified the two remaining compounds as FA2 and FA3, which were acetylated fumonisin B2 (FB2) and fumonisin B3 (FB3), respectively. Moreover, we examined a method for the simultaneous analysis of FA1, FA2, FA3, FB1, FB2, and FB3. The corn samples were prepared by extraction using a QuEChERS kit and purification using a multifunctional cartridge. The linearity, recovery, repeatability, limit of detection, and limit of quantification of the method were >0.99, 82.9%–104.6%, 3.7%–9.5%, 0.02–0.60 μg/kg, and 0.05–1.98 μg/kg, respectively. The simultaneous analysis of the six fumonisins revealed that FA1, FA2, and FA3 were present in all corn samples contaminated with FB1, FB2, and FB3. The results suggested that corn marketed for consumption can be considered as being contaminated with both the fumonisin B-series and with fumonisin A-series. This report presents the first identification and quantification of FA1, FA2, and FA3 in corn samples.
Les éboulis et leur environnement géomorphologique autre que celui des glaciers rocheux(The talus and their geomorphological environment, except rock-glaciers)
Authors: Tihay Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2015

Talus and subordinate forms are apparently plain notions. But terminology, methodological approach and interpretation of facts are rather difficult. The following answers are ensued from a widespread questionary.
Modes de perception de l'éboulis par les botanistes(How are seen the talus by the botanists
Authors: Beaudière A.
Published: February 2015

Three main currents are recognizible in the history of talus botany. 1) Naturalistic current at the beginning of the century ; 2) the phytosociological one ; 3) and the geomorphological one. The second one is dangerous because it may lead to associate irrelevant species, biologicaly speaking. The two others, esp. the last one, allow to operate in a coherent way, the talus being considered as a medium.
Enjeux stratégiques et conséquences matérielles des foyers pétroliers mexicains (Strategical stakes and material consequences in mexican oil centers)
Authors: Vanneph Alain
Published: February 2015

Abstract. - The mexican oil space does not only, geographically, set the oil fields areas of the Gulf coast against the inside archipelago of the petrochemical plants linked to the consumption market. It also sets territories against themselves, the nature and variety of which are linked to the present and past experiences of oil exploitations, before nationalization or along the contrasting evolvement of PEMEX, made of several conflicts among different powers (foreign enclaves and revolutionnary power. Presidence and PEMEX, oil union and capitalist managers, political counter-powers and administrative centralism).
Description of male Tylorida sataraensis Kulkarni, 2014 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) with notes on habits and conservation status
Authors: Kulkarni Siddharth , Lewis Todd
Published: February 2015

The male sex of Tylorida sataraensis Kulkarni, 2014 is described based on specimens from the type locality. The distinguishing characters from its closest species Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877) are detailed. An interesting behaviour of going underwater by T. sataraensis, on disturbance is recorded and tested for significance. The surveys have shown sighting of this species only to the perennial streams of the rocky outcrops in Satara region. The potential threats to this species and the possible conservation status based on known distribution are discussed.
Validation of the OMERACT Magnetic Resonance Imaging Joint Space Narrowing Score for the Wrist in a Multireader Longitudinal Trial
Authors: Glinatsi Daniel , Lillegraven Siri , Haavardsholm Espen A. , Eshed Iris , Conaghan Philip G. , Peterfy Charles , Gandjbakhch Frédérique , Bird Paul , Bøyesen Pernille , Døhn Uffe M. , Genant Harry K. , Østergaard Mikkel
Published: February 2015

Objective.

To assess the intrareader and interreader agreement and sensitivity to change of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Joint Space Narrowing (RAMRIS-JSN) score in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) wrist in a longitudinal multireader exercise.

Methods

Coronal T1-weighted MR image sets of 1 wrist from 20 patients with early RA were assessed twice for JSN at 17 sites at baseline and after 36 or 60 months by 4 readers blinded to patient data but not time order. The joints were scored 0–4 according to the OMERACT RAMRIS-JSN score. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), smallest detectable change (SDC), percentage exact/close agreement (PEA/PCA), and standardized response mean (SRM) were calculated.

Results.

Median baseline and change score was 10.3 and 1.9, respectively. Intrareader ICC for baseline and change scores was good (≥ 0.50) to very good (≥ 0.80) for all and 3 of 4 readers, respectively. Interreader ICC was very good for change (0.93), while poor for baseline score if all 4 readers were included (0.36), but very good if 1 reader was excluded (0.87). Intrareader and interreader SDC was low (2.34–3.18), except for the intrareader SDC for 1 reader (6.75). The mean PEA/PCA was high for baseline and change scores both within and between the readers (51.5–99.2), except for interreader baseline PEA (14.4). SRM was moderate for all readers (0.55–0.77).

Conclusion.

The OMERACT RAMRIS-JSN score showed high overall intrareader and interreader reliability, and moderate sensitivity to change, supporting inclusion of the measure as part of the OMERACT RAMRIS system.
Cloud State Surveillance
Authors: Kierkegaard Sylvia
Published: February 2015

Concerns about government snooping in the wake of revelations by whistle blower Edward Snowden have deterred enterprises and IT professionals from keeping sensitive data in the clouds. Moving towards cloud-based computing has emerged and has gained acceptance as a solution to the tasks related to the processing of information. However, cloud computing carries serious risks to business information. The questions around risk and compliance are still largely unknown and need to be ironed out. Cloud computing opens numerous legal, privacy, and security implications, such as copyright, data loss, destruction of data, identity theft, third-party contractual limitations, e-discovery, risk/insurance allocation, and jurisdictional issues. This chapter discusses the associated legal risks inherent in cloud computing, in particular the international data transfer between EU and non-EU states.
File-Sharing of Copyrighted Works, P2P, and the Cloud
Authors: Pina Pedro
Published: February 2015

In cyberspace, copyright enforcement and privacy rights have become two clashing realities. In fact, with the arrival of digital technology, especially the Internet, right holders, facing massive online infringements to their reproduction or distribution exclusive rights, mainly by file-sharers on Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems or Cloud storage systems clients, started developing more and more intrusive new enforcement strategies in electronic communications as a means to identify the infringers and the committed infractions. The goal of the chapter is to study how the boundaries between what is public or private become fainter, whether the use of tracking software is consistent with personal data protection legislation, and whether it is possible to reconcile these two human rights, proposing a reflection on a possible extension of the use of levies in order to compensate right holders for private copies originating from unlawful sources.
Social Engineering Techniques, Password Selection, and Health Care Legislation
Authors: Medlin B. Dawn , Cazier Joseph A.
Published: February 2015

Healthcare employees generally have access to view hospital patient's medical records. This access can be simply viewing their chart or reviewing information on a computer screen. With this type of accessibly, hospital employees have the opportunity to view diagnosis, personal medical histories, as well as demographic information such as age and gender. Social engineers can use methods such as familiarity with co-workers for instance to obtain this information from unsuspecting health care workers. In addition, weak password selection can provide opportunities for a wealth of information to be stolen. In this chapter, current security legislation that addresses the security of patient's health care records, social engineering tactics, and passwords are explored.
Play That Funky Password!
Authors: Gibson Marcia , Renaud Karen , Conrad Marc , Maple Carsten
Published: February 2015

Over the last few years, there has been emerging interest in authenticating users through the medium of music. Historically, developers of alternate modality systems have focused on image- and haptic-based techniques, instinctively shying away from music. This might be due to the inherently temporal nature of the listening task and the belief that this would be impractical and frustrating for users. In this chapter, the authors discuss and present new research in this field that, to the contrary, indicates that the “enjoyability factor” means users may be more willing to spend additional time authenticating with music than they would with other techniques. Although undeniably not the optimal solution in time-critical contexts, for many other pursuits music-based authentication could feasibly replace passwords, easing the number of secure strings the average user is expected to remember. Music may also offer a better solution for those suffering memory or cognitive impairments. This chapter incorporates discussion on recent advances in the field of authentication research within the context of a changing threat landscape. A prototype musical password system is presented and a summary of results from online user testing and a lab-based controlled experiment are presented which further reinforce the importance of accounting for “enjoyability” in the assessment of recognition-based authentication schemes.
How Private Is Your Financial Data?
Authors: Mulukutla Vidya , Gupta Manish , Rao H. R.
Published: February 2015

The ease and convenience of Internet Banking or e-banking has made it the most preferred way for customers as well as the banking industry alike. The fact that e-banking enables remote accessibility of a customer's account translates to round-the-clock service from the bank and has made this mode of operation a success in every sense. The starting and most important point for which would be the authentication to customer's financial data. This chapter sheds light on the different authentication mechanisms that could be followed as per the situational demands taking into consideration the various threat environments and possible vulnerabilities in the system. The advantages and disadvantages arising out of different authentication mechanisms are presented with the possible attack scenarios enumerated. An overview of the personal computer environ and the mobile environ are discussed. The chapter will be invaluable for managers and professionals in understanding the current authentication landscape.
An Information Security Model for Implementing the New ISO 27001
Authors: Stoll Margareth
Published: February 2015

The importance of data privacy, information availability, and integrity is increasingly recognized. Sharpened legal requirements and increasing data leakages have further promoted data privacy. In order to implement the different requirements in an effective, efficient, and sustainable way, the authors integrate different governance frameworks to their holistic information security and data privacy model. More than 1.5 million organizations worldwide are implementing a standard-based management system. In order to promote the integration of different standards, the International Standard Organization (ISO) released a common structure. ISO/IEC 27001 for information security management was changed accordingly in October 2013. The holistic model fulfills all requirements of the new version. Its implementation in several organizations and the study's results are described. In that way data privacy and security are part of all strategic, tactical, and operational business processes, promote corporate governance and living security, as well as the fulfillment of all standard requirements.
An Auto-Reclosing-Based Intrusion Detection Technique for Enterprise Networks
Authors: Ampah Nana K. , Akujuobi Cajetan M.
Published: February 2015

Designing, planning, and managing telecommunication, industrial control, and enterprise networks with special emphasis on effectiveness, efficiency, and reliability without considering security planning, management, and constraints have made them vulnerable. They have become more vulnerable due to their recent connectivity to open networks with the intention of establishing decentralized management and remote control. Existing Intrusion Prevention and Detection Systems (IPS and IDS) do not guarantee absolute security. The new IDS, which employs both signature-based and anomaly detection as its analysis strategies, will be able to detect both known and unknown attacks and further isolate them. Auto-reclosing techniques used on long rural power lines and multi-resolution techniques were used in developing this IDS, which will help update existing IPSs. It should effectively block Distributed Denial of Service attack (DDoS) based on SNY-flood attacks and help eliminate four out of the five major limitations of existing IDSs and IPSs.
Mechanical Properties of New and Recycled PIM Feedstocks
Authors: Huba Jakub , Sanétrník Daniel , Hnátková Eva , Hausnerová Berenika
Published: February 2015

This paper deals with the mechanical properties of test specimens of commercially available PIM feedstocks based on a stainless steel powder. After injection molding, a part of the polymer binder has been removed in water. This process was followed by thermal removal of residual binder and sintering at 1360 °C in hydrogen atmosphere. For production of the mechanical test bars fresh and recycled feedstocks were employed. The aim is to determine the changes in mechanical performance resulting from injection molding processing stage, especially possible separation of feedstock components – the stainless steel powder and the polymer binder
A Semi-Analytical Prediction of Wear Rate of an Inductively Hardened Wheel Steel under Rolling Contact
Authors: Šofer Michal , Halama Radim , Fajkoš Rostislav
Published: February 2015

Presented paper deals with ratcheting prediction in the field of line rolling contact. The main aim is to simulate the wear process due to the contact fatigue on inductively hardened sample of R7T material. For the stated purposes, the authors have used the wear model based on shear band cracking mechanism and non-linear kinematic and isotropic hardening rule of Chaboche and Lemaitre. Obtained results are subsequently compared with experimental data as well as with metallographic analysis.
About the Verification of External Fixators Applied in Traumatology and Orthopaedics
Authors: Frydrýšek Karel , Fojtik Frantisek , Učeň Oldřich , Theisz Gűnther , Ječmínek Vladimír , Bajtek Vojtěch , Čech Barabaszová Karla , Dědková Kateřina , Kukutschová Jana
Published: February 2015

In this paper, the authors draw attention to biomechanics connected with the possibilities of treatment of complicated bone fractures. They present information about their own design, laboratory tests and numerical solutions (i.e. strength analyses and reliability assessments) of the various types of external fixators applied in traumatology and orthopaedics (i.e. intended for fractures of limbs and pelvis and its acetabulum). The new design of external fixators is based on the development of Ilizarov and other techniques and satisfies new demands of science.
The Influence of Facet Size and Filtering on the Results of Strain Fields’ Investigation Performed on Small Surfaces Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Hagara Martin , Huňady Róbert , Kalina Matúš
Published: February 2015

The contribution deals with the investigation of the influence of facet size and smoothing on the results obtained by low-speed digital image correlation (DIC) system by strain analysis performed on specimen with a small hole loaded by tension loading. In conclusion the obtained results are verified by a numerical solution using finite element method.
Analysis of the Tailgate Frame Composite Tube Mechanical Properties
Authors: Lufinka Aleš , Petrů Michal
Published: February 2015

Substitute of the traditional materials with new plastic-based and composite materials is a trend in today's automotive industry. Mechanical properties of the composite parts are highly influenced by the composite production (material of fibers and their distribution, type and density of a filler). Knowledge of the specific composite material mechanical properties is necessary for CAD modeling and FEM calculations during the assembly design. These mechanical properties can be obtained by creating a composite structure in FEM software. However, the real composite may be different from the ideal FEM model (due to inaccuracies in its manufacture). Therefore, it is highly advisable to verify the modeling results by measuring of the real composite material properties. Identification and verification of the composite tube mechanical properties used in the hybrid car tailgate are described in this paper.
Investigation of the Dynamic Behaviour of Fibres Using Simple Mechanical Systems
Authors: Polach Pavel , Václavík Jaroslav
Published: February 2015

Fibres, cables and wires can play an important role in design of many machines. One of the most interesting applications is replacement of chosen rigid elements of a manipulator or a mechanism by fibres. Dynamic behaviour of fibres in simplified mechanical systems was investigated. In the first step the computational investigation of a fibre dynamic behaviour in the system of an inverted pendulum attached to two fibres and driven by them was performed. Then experiments and computer simulations with two simple laboratory mechanical systems followed. The first system consisted of a weight moving on an inclined plane and of one fibre, the second one contained a drive and a pulley in addition to it. The results of experimental measurements serve for tuning the computational models. The simulation aim is to create a phenomenological model of a fibre.
Dynamic Operational Testing of Agricultural Trailer on a Testing Polygon
Authors: Mossóczy Pavel , Uhlíř Roman , Malý Pavel
Published: February 2015

This paper introduces a description of the partial section of the complex agricultural trailer development. The paper is focused on performed experimental measurements, specifically on the dynamic operational testing. For this purpose, a testing polygon was designed and experimental measurements were used to collect data about load spectra of selected components of the developed trailer. Used methodology of the testing may be used on similar cases with welded steel constructions.
Assessment of Reliability and Overall Life-Time of the Turbo Generator in the Kamýk Power Station
Authors: Tej Petr , Tejová Alena , Marková Jana
Published: February 2015

This paper presents the results of measurement of the stress and the theoretical analysis of the steel structure of the Kaplan turbo generator in the Kamýk power station in the Czech Republic. Based on the number of load cycles and the finding of the maximum stress range of critical details of the most loaded part, the lower star, the residual lifetime of the turbo generator was determined.
Flexural Strength of Float Glass
Authors: Bouška Petr , Bittner Tomáš , Eliášová Martina , Špaček Miroslav , Vokáč Miroslav , Mandlík Tomáš
Published: February 2015

A series of simple and laminated glass tests were carried out under laboratory conditions at the Klokner Institute. The test specimens comprised panes made from float glass with dimensions of 1.1 x 0.36 m. The paper contains experimentally determined characteristic values of flexural strength and estimated design values related to commonly used glass.
Influence of Adhesive Type on Flexural Properties of Sandwich Structures
Authors: Fojtl Ladislav , Rusnáková Soňa , Žaludek Milan , Rusnák Vladimír
Published: February 2015

This research paper deals with an investigation of the mechanical properties of sandwich structures consisting of High Pressure Laminate facing layers (HPL) and various types of cores that are produced by vacuum bagging technology. These materials are connected with different adhesive layers and quality of connection to individual materials is evaluated. Moreover, prepared sandwich structures are tested in three-point bend. Based on the results, suitable combinations of individual materials are proposed for sandwich structures with regard to the quality of the adhesive bonding.
Experimental Analysis of Hydrothermal Curing Influence on Properties of Fiber-Cement Composite
Authors: Holčapek Ondřej , Reiterman Pavel , Konvalinka Petr
Published: February 2015

Special industrial application of fiber-cement composites is currently one important issue of concrete industry and research activity. The field of refractory and high-temperature resistance materials is very large and contains the cement composites too. Hydrothermal curing together with using aluminous cement with refractory basalt aggregates and fibers shows high potential for its applications in high temperature. These composite is characterized by compressive strength over 140 MPa and tensile strength in bending 12 MPa (investigated on specimens 40 x 40 x 160 mm). After exposure to temperature 1000 °C these parameters are 60 MPa in compression respective 6 MPa in bending. Achieved values are significantly higher than in the case of laboratory curing condition and there are suitable especially for prefabricated fire resistance cladding or other special application in the industry.
Digital Image Correlation as a Measurement Tool for Large Deformations of a Conveyor Belt
Authors: Petrikova Iva , Marvalova Bohdana , Samal Sneha , Cadek Milos
Published: February 2015

Biaxial tension test of the cruciform specimen of styrene-butadiene rubber is described in this paper. The rubber layer is a part of the conveyor belt used for the transportation of coal. The specimen are loaded by the home made biaxial testing device. The big deformation of specimen are determined by the Digital Image Correlation. The parameters of Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic material were determined. Numerical simulation of the biaxial test was performed in Comsol Muliphysics.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Critical Buckle Load of Composite Specimens
Authors: Bek Lukáš , Kottner Radek , Krystek Jan , Kroupa Tomáš
Published: February 2015

Different carbon and glass fibre strips were subjected to the double clamp buckle beam test. Furthermore, thin-walled glass fibre box-beams were subjected to the three-point bending test. Results of experiments were compared to different numerical simulations using buckling analysis or static analysis considering large deformations.
2D Residual Stress and Hardness Maps in Steel Laser Weld with Filler Wire
Authors: Kolařík Kamil , Trojan Karel , Čapek Jiří , Sís Jiří , Řídký Ondřej , Zuzánek Lukáš , Ganev Nikolaj
Published: February 2015

Residual stresses (RS) and welding process represent a traditional partnership between an ever evolving, and vital, technological process and a quantity characterizing the result of this process. As the modern way of joining materials is shifting gradually from conventional welding into friction stir or laser welding, RS remain a crucial parameter which gives clues about the welds’ behavior under dynamic loads. In this contribution the joint created by laser welding with filler wire is described by 2D maps of RS and hardness.
The Uneven Settlement Cause and Settlement Prediction of Xi Ying Sluice
Authors: Zhu Qing Yuan , Qiu Li Ting , Jiang Ting
Published: February 2015

Xi Ying sluice built in Xishi River, Changzhou City, is a single span sluice with width of 6m. The chamber is pier wall structure of depressed reinforced concrete floor, when the chamber had a filling and discharging water during construction period, we found that the chamber appeared large uneven subsidence. According to the design, construction and other specific circumstances of Xi Ying sluice, by using three-dimensional finite element method to calculate and analyzed the settlement of the sluice, we studied on the genesis of the uneven settlement and predicted the settlement after the running. Analysis shows that the chamber of the uneven settlement is due to the jacking effect of concrete pile. The settlement has been basically completed caused by chamber weight, there will not be a substantial settlement; In the case of blocking water during operation period, chamber’s settlement increment outside the river side and inside the river side are respectively 0.3mm and 0.4mm; through processing, the settlement of chamber won’t affect the normal operation of sluice.
Organic Carbon & Nitrogen Stable Isotope Geochemistry of Anthraxolite from Different Fractures in Xiangxi, China
Authors: Wang Chong Jing , Zhang He , Chen Jian Ming , Chen Wen Bin
Published: February 2015

In order to analyze the stable organic carbon isotope characteristics and the causes of anthrax lite, 14 samples, containing hydrocarbon source rock, rock and anthrax lite, were selected to test the stable organic carbon and organic nitrogen isotope. Results showed that the relations of stable organic carbon isotope between source rock and anthrax lite were that δ13C source rock <δ13Csmall fault<δ13Clarge fault. Maybe the Early Cambrian anoxic events leaded the hydrocarbon source rock δ13C value low, and different metallogenic evolution and the isotopic fractionation process may be the cause of stable organic carbon isotope value differences between anthrax lite in large and small fault.
Research and Application of the Ore Body Three-Dimensional Mathematical Model Based on Baiyang-Chuanxindong Ore Block in Bainiuchang Mine
Authors: Liu Yi Zheng , Zhang Bing , Yu Xiao Xia
Published: February 2015

Bainiuchang mine is located in the junction of three tectonic units. It has excellent forming geological conditions and the potential for prospecting. Among it, the Baiyang-Chuanxindong ore block has a large prospecting space. According to deposit the previous geological exploration engineering data, based on Surpac software to establish the deposit database and ore grade distribution model, and the application of ordinary kriging estimation of orebody resources, orebody resources evaluation is more reliable, accurate, efficient and fast. Through the deposit model of digitalization and visualization, it will greatly promote the process of digital mine enterprises in china.
A Study of Photovoltaic Power Prediction
Authors: Li Yan Long , Xu Jing , Yuan Chong
Published: February 2015

Solar photovoltaic power generation as an inexhaustible, inexhaustible clean energy has become the focus of future energy development. Along with photovoltaic power generation incorporated into the power grid, in order to make power generation plan reasonably, ensure the stable operation of power system, need to forecast the photovoltaic power output. In this paper solar photovoltaic power generation forecasting methods are analyzed and summarized. According to the application of solar photovoltaic power generation and demand, mainly on photovoltaic power generation system power prediction research method has carried on the comprehensive elaboration, hoping for the researches play an important role in promoting and advancing the development of solar photovoltaic prediction methods.
The Effects of Initial Conditions on the Composition of the On-Board Fuel Reformation Chamber in an HCCI Engine
Authors: Zhang Chun Hua , Xue Le
Published: February 2015

Based on the CHEMKIN software, a model of the reforming chamber was built to simulate the on-board fuel reforming process in a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. The effects of the initial pressure and temperature of the chamber on the reformed gas were studied. The results show that the main species in the reformed gas are H2 and CO. This paper investigated the effect of initial temperature on the reformed gas, in order to get the optimum initial temperature. Under the optimum initial temperature (1300 K), some important conclusions have been drawn by changing initial pressures of the chamber. Initial pressure may have great effect on other species, but has a small effect on mole fractions of H2 and CO. By comparing the concentrations of H2 and CO between low and high initial pressures under the optimum initial temperature, it can be concluded that H2 and CO are still the main species in the reformed gas.
Pyrolysis Kinetics of Oil Shale and its Kerogen
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Shu Yuan , Tan Ting , Ma Yue
Published: February 2015

The pyrolysis kinetics of Chinese oil shale and its kerogen was investigated using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) in this paper. Experiments were performed at four different heating rates of 10, 15, 20 and 25°C/min from ambient temperature to 560 °C at nitrogen flux with 60ml/min. The results demonstrated that the thermal decomposition of oil shale and its kerogen involved three degradation steps. Different thermo gravimetric data were analyzed by Friedman procedure. The values of apparent activation energy E of oil shale ranged from 160kJ/ mol to 240kJ/mol, but these of kerogen were in the range of 150kJ/mol to 240kJ/mol. It was found that the plot of lnA versus E became a linear line with a regression coefficient of 0.99.
Research and Development of Agent for Collecting Aluminum Dross
Authors: Wang Ming Guang
Published: February 2015

In the process of aluminum smelting and removing slag, it is difficult for the slag to be removed as the dross is trivial; meanwhile, a large amount of aluminum is carried out with slag. On the basis of analyzing of slag agent, Na2SiF6, Na2AlF6, NaF is added, such as molten salt, and through orthogonal experiment and test the effect of slag and slag polyethylene, polyethylene slag agent to finalize the optimum composition ratio, the effective of cleaning and removing slag is improved.
Effect of Moisture on Physicochemical Properties of Cellulose Studied by Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Zhu Meng Zhao , Chen Yu Feng , Liao Rui Jin , Gu Chao , Zhu Wen Bing , Du Xiu Ming , Zhou Jia Bin
Published: February 2015

In this work, the physicochemical property and its Effect of hydrous amorphous cellulose has been studied using molecular dynamics. Both intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in cellulose molecules decrease with increasing water content, directly leading to the decline of cellulose cohesive energy density, solubility parameters, and mechanical parameters. High water content in amorphous cellulose gives bigger interchain distance of cellulose molecules, indicating that the intermolecular interaction of cellulose molecules is weakened greatly by water.
Influence of Niobium Addition in Iridium on High Temperature Plasticity
Authors: Chen Rong , Wu An Ru
Published: February 2015

Discussed the characteristics of iridium generally, illustrated the importance of exploring and studied the plasticity about iridium. We analyzed high temperature plasticity about Nb alloying effects based on first-principles density functional theory. Calculated cohesive energies and formation enthalpies of IrXNb32-X in different amounts of Nb, then calculated and analyzed elastic constants of IrXNb32-X, and finally summarized the influence of Nb addition in Ir on high temperature plasticity.
Preparation and Detection of the Resolution and Number of Theoretical Plates for High Purity Steviosides
Authors: Liu Jing Bin , Liu An Jun , Zhang Lin Jie , Zhao Yong Liang , Xie Yin Zhi
Published: February 2015

Macroporous resin was the most common method for the separation and purification of steviosides. But the purity was only 90% influenced by less selectivity of the resin. And Rebaudioside A could not be separated from other steviosides at the same time. Purity of total glycosides could be up to 99% and Rebaudioside A could be enriched efficiently by section desorption after one-dimensional chromatography of macroprous resins. The content of Rebaudioside A increased from 39.46% to 63.70% gradually in each desorption solution of the 4 resin columns. Moreover, the resolution between Rebaudioside A, Rebaudioside C and stevioside, and the number of theoretical plates for them were detected meanwhile. These results could provide theoretical foundation for the separation of high purity steviosides and enrichment of Rebaudioside A.
Preparation and Characterization of Na7[CoCrW11O39(H2O)]·15H2O for Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Yang Bei Ping , Chen Li Qiang , Lin Xiu Mei , Zhu Ming Xia
Published: February 2015

A new solid proton conductor Na7[CoCrW11O39 (H2O)]·15H2O has been synthesized for the first time. The percentage composition of the product were determined by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The product was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which indicate it possesses the Keggin structure. The TG-DTA curve shows the sequence of water loss in the compound, the amount of the loss, as well as the thermostability. Conductivity of the compound was investigated by four-electrode method at room temperature and different measuring temperatures, the results reveal that its proton conductivity is 9.42×10−7S·cm-1 at 25°C.
Productivity Model and Production Decline Characteristics of Multi-Fracturing Horizontal Well
Authors: Chen Peng , Wang Xin Hai , Jiang Shan , Li Guo Liang , Liu Hong
Published: February 2015

By using the potential theory and the superposition principle, Productivity model of multi-fracturing horizontal well is established under the condition of infinite conductivity fractures. It solves the problem by using numerical methods and analyzes the influence of fracture numbers, fracture length and fracture spacing on well production by using actual reservoir parameters. Finally, it analyzes the production decline characteristics of multi-fracturing horizontal well based on the change of production curve. In the early period of production, the well production increases with the increase of fracture numbers, fracture length and fracture spacing. In the late period, the fracture parameters have less effect on well production. Early-stage production of multi-fracturing horizontal well obeys to the modified-hyperbolic decline model, while the relationship between ratio of Q, Qi and time is exponential model in the late-stage. It has some significance for design of horizontal well fracturing parameters and production forecasts in unconventional reservoirs.