bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the language of information science
Authors: Morrison D. R.
Published: January 2007

1. Lavoisier and The Nomenclature of Chemistry. As a science matures, the language used by its practitioners evolves. Hogben (1) describes the evolution of the language of several sciences. Of particular interest is his description of the evolution of the language of chemistry. The clarity of thinking in chemistry, and the progress in the field took a sharp upturn after Lavoisier introduced revolutionary changes in the system of chemical nomenclature. Before Lavoisier, substances were generally known by names that might be called recipes or histories; somebody's notion or recollection of how they first encountered the substance. Methane was known as marsh gas, because it was first found bubbling up through the mud of marshes, as a result of the decay of organic materials under the mud. Hydrochloric acid was known as muriatic acid, from muria, the Latin name for brine, a common source of hydrochloric acid. Muria, in turn, comes from mare, Latin for sea. Chlorine was known to sixteenth century chemists and alchemists as dephlogisticated muriatic acid. The original process by which chlorine was manufactured, and still a common process, is by oxidation of the hydrogen in hydrochloric acid. Since oxidation was not yet understood at that time, it was called dephlogistication -- removal of the phlogiston. Lavoisier's new nomenclature describes substances not by their surmised origin, but by their present content, structure and condition.
A data base management facility for automatic generation of data base managers
Authors: Stemple David W.
Published: January 2007

This paper presents a facility for the implementation of data base management systems having high degrees of horizontal data independence, i.e. independence from chosen logical properties of a data base as opposed to vertical independence from storage structures. The facility consists of a high level language for the specification of virtual data base managers, a compiler from this language to a pseudo-machine language, and an interpreter for the pseudo-machine language.It is shown how this facility can be used to produce efficient data base management systems with any degree of both horizontal and vertical data independence. Two key features of this tool are the compilation of tailored data base managers from individual schemas and multiple levels of optional binding.
Heirarchical microprocessor organization
Authors: Smith David R.
Published: January 2007

With the widespread application of microprocessors and the consequent decrease in prices with volume, the possibility has arisen that it may be cost effective to replace large computers with networks of microcomputers in many applications. That this is an obvious idea whose time has come may be adjudged from the quantity of scientific papers read on the subject during 1975. A small apology for adding to their number should be prefaced with the assurance that this is written after a reading of many of them and that it is at least not the same. So saying, we choose to start with a discussion of alternative multiprocessor organizations as they compare for the stated purpose, that is, a potentially large number of microprocessors co-coperating on a single high performance application.
A general approach to functionally distributed computer architecture
Authors: Reszka A. , Gonzalez M. J.
Published: January 2007

It is shown in this paper that in a computer organization which is based on partitioning functionally interrelated hardware and software components together into functionally independent nodes, the interfunctional overhead activity can be reduced to a minimum. The reduction of the interfunctional overhead activity, which is the main contributor to poor system performance, results in a corresponding increase in system performance. In addition it is shown that in a functionally distributed system organization there exists a sequential job-shop or pipeline like flow of information (data and supervisory overhead) within the computer system which is essentially application independent. It is this type of flow that introduces a basic structure into the system which is practically non-existent in a centralized system architecture.In summary, the functionally distributed computer architecture proposed in this paper is based on a structured flow of blocks of information with a minimum of supervisory overhead through functionally independent but sequentially cooperating nodes. It is shown that this type of organization produces optimal system performance, i.e., response time, throughput and system availability.
A two-level architecture for a large data base
Authors: Lang Tomas
Published: January 2007

A two-level architecture is being proposed for extending third generation computer systems such as the S/370. By attaching a DASD processor to each DASD, performance in large data base applications can be improved. This improvement is achievable without modifying existing data base organization. The DASD processor is very simple and can be implemented using commercially available microprocessors.
A virtual memory system for a relational associative processor
Authors: Schuster S. A. , Ozkarahan E. A. , Smith K. C.
Published: January 2007

The Relational Associative Processor (RAP) is an experimental "backend" cellular processor for implementing a data base management system which supports Codd's relational model of data. The capacity of a RAP device implemented with current IC and memory technology can be estimated to contain 10
8
to 10
9
bits of associatively processable data. Because of this limitation, a virtual memory environment for RAP has been proposed and its performance simulated. The environment incorporates conventional memories for bulk storage and a single RAP processor both controlled by a front-end computer. An entire relational data base is divided into pages of size equal to one RAP cell memory. A buffer memory is added to RAP to permit the overlap of paging with processing. It has been found that environments which process user queries that exhibit long processing times relative to paging time or some "locality", that is, a better than random probability of referencing the same relations over some interval of time, can efficiently page data from large data bases without significant losses in performance.
Review of "Data structures and programming techniques, by Herman H. Maurer", Prentice-Hall 1977.
Authors: Ashworth E. R.
Published: January 2007

Professor Maurer's book has been translated into English by C. C. Price from the original Dataenstrukturen und Programmierverfahren. The text is based on the author's revised and expanded lecture notes. The four major topics are: A Model for the Manipulation of Data Structures, Lists, Trees, and Complex Data Structures. It concludes with an Index of Symbols, a Bibliography of 67 references, of which 79 percent are in English, and a Subject Index. In Addition, the translator had each segment of a program tested on a computer using a subset of PL/I.
Some ideas for estimating the number of relevant documents
Authors: Dattola Robert T.
Published: January 2007

A model is proposed for estimating the total number of relevant documents in a collection for a given query. The total number of relevant documents is needed in order to compute recall values for use in evaluating document retrieval systems. If x represents document rank and y represents precision, then one of the following functions is fit to the points obtained by plotting precision vs. document rank after each retrieved document:1. y = AeBxexponential2. y = AxBpower3. y = A - B/x hyperbolic4. y = 1/(A + Bx) hyperbolic5. y = x/(A + Bx) hyperbolicThat equation with the best fit satisfying certain constraints is used to estimate the total number of relevant documents for any given query. Experimental comparisons of this best fit are made with random sampling methods.
A blueprint for automatic indexing
Authors: Salton G.
Published: January 2007

This note summarizes some of the currently available insights in automatic indexing. The emphasis is on aspects that are expected to be useful in a practical automatic indexing applications. The discussion is necessarily cursory, but the references will lead interested readers to a deeper treatment of the indexing problem.
Abstracts of papers to be presented at the Fifth Annual International SIGIR Conference
Authors: Salton Gerard
Published: January 2007

In addition to the presentation of papers whose abstracts appear herein, the Conference will also be addressed by several invited speakers, including Professor M. E. Maron of the University of California at Berkeley, Dr. Karen Sparck-Jones of Cambridge University, and an invited speaker from Germany.
Approaches for measuring the stability of clustering methods
Authors: Raghavan Vijay V.
Published: January 2007

Among the significant factors in assessing the suitability of a clustering technique to a given application is its stability; that is, how sensitive the algorithm is to perturbations in the input data. A number of techniques that appear to be suitable for measuring the stability of clustering have been published in the literature. When these techniques are closely examined, a number of generic approaches emerge. This note reviews these approaches and provides a classification of the various techniques appearing in the literature in terms of the approaches identified.
I think, therefore I.R.
Authors: Doyle Lauren B.
Published: January 2007

I first heard the words "information retrieval" in 1957, in a meeting of programmers and other assorted "types". We were all working on the SAGE air defense system, an ugly, unwitting precursor of time-sharing---people, display consoles, keyboards, tapes, etc, etc, hooked into a central computer.
Review of "Computer Data-Base Organization by James Martin", Prentice-Hall, Incorporated, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1975, 558 pp., $26.50
Authors: Groman Robert C.
Published: January 2007

James Martin's book strives to satisfy the need for an advanced textbook on data-base technology. He has organized his book into two major sections. Part I covers what he labels 'logical organization' and Part II covers 'physical organization'. While the book addresses all the major areas in data-base technology, it lacks the technical detail necessary for advanced courses in computer science.
Guest editors' preface to the special section on "Medium Access and Call Admission Control algorithms for next generation wireless networks"
Authors: Koutsakis Polychronis , Bisdikian Chatschik , Paterakis Michael
Published: January 2007

With the pervasive presence of mobile wireless personal computing devices, wireless communication technologies are rapidly evolving and influencing our daily way of life. Together with traditional voice services, these new technologies will support a rich set of new wireless data and multimedia services. The strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements that these new services will require pose significant challenges to the designers of wireless networks. These challenges are further exasperated by the inherent transmission impairments of wireless links (e.g., fading, noise) and user mobility.
SNC
Authors: Pack Sangheon , Jung Hakyung , Kwon Taekyoung , Choi Yanghee
Published: January 2007

Mobility support is one of the most challenging issues in IEEE 802.11 networks. In the proactive neighbor caching (PNC) scheme, when a mobile host is connected to an access point (AP), its context (e.g. security association or QoS information) is propagated in advance to all of the AP's neighbors to reduce handoff processing time. In this paper, we propose a selective neighbor caching (SNC) scheme, which propagates a mobile host's context only to the selected neighbor APs considering handoff patterns. Therefore, the SNC scheme can reduce the message overhead on the links among APs. We evaluate the performance of the SNC and PNC schemes in terms of the cache hit probability and the signaling cost. Especially, we investigate the effect of mobility and cache size through extensive simulations. The results reveal that the SNC scheme provides a comparable cache hit probability while significantly reducing the signaling overhead in IEEE 802.11 networks. Moreover, although the SNC propagates relatively a small number of contexts to neighbor APs, the SNC scheme outperforms the PNC scheme when the cache size is small and the mobility is low.
Microprogrammable computer architecture design considerations
Authors: Tracz William J.
Published: January 2007

The implementation of a computer system through a microprogrammable architecture has demonstrated significant advantages in flexibility and overall cost. This paper summarizes some key questions related to the design of a microprogrammable computer architecture. Three areas are covered; general system questions, hardware questions, and software questions.
Experimentation with a two-level microprogrammed multiprocessor computer
Authors: Baba Takanobu , Yamazaki Katsuhiro , Hashimoto Nobuyuki , Kanai Hiroyuki , Okuda Kenzo , Hashimoto Kazuhiko
Published: January 2007

MUNAP (MUlti-NAnoProgram machine) is a two-level microprogrammed multiprocessor computer designed and developed at a university as a research vehicle. This paper describes the experiences with the implementation of MUNAP. We start with a brief overview of the machine. We then describe the system organization both on hardware and support software. The architectural hierarchies defined on the basic hardware and software systems are described in detail. We conclude the paper with a list of the lessons we have learned from the experience.
M29
Authors: Eager Michael J.
Published: January 2007

The M29 Assembler is a retargetable microcode assembler which produces relocatable microcode. It provides a straightforward means of describing the microinstruction format, a very general method of specifying field contents, a comprehensive macro facility, and a multifunction relocating linker which permits overlays and libraries of microcode. Several features support improved productivity and reduction of coding errors.
A tool for studying microprogramming
Authors: Annunzjata Massimo , Nosci Walter , Sechi Giacomo R.
Published: January 2007

The GIA (Applied Informatic Group) of IFC (Cosmic Physics Institute) of National Research Council has chosen microprogramming and 4-bit slices to design and build prototypal instruments.
Microprocessor employs mainframe performance design techniques
Authors: Slager Jim
Published: January 2007

During the infancy of integrated circuit technology, designers still grappled with the problem of getting enough transistors on a reasonably sized die to enable them to design more than fundamental types of logic chips. Little more than a decade later, designers no longer are faced with that problem. On the contrary, with the hundred thousand and more transistors that can now be economically integrated, their task becomes one of deciding whether to add ancilliary functions on the same die as a microprocessor, or to use these transistors to embellish and speed up the microprocessor's activities.
Review of "Advances in Microprogramming, by Efrem Mallach and Norman Sondak", Artech House Inc. 1983
Authors: Tracz William J.
Published: January 2007

This book is an update of a previously published collection of papers on microprogramming titled "Microprogramming" (Artech House-1977). The editors have gathered together a sizeable collection (38) of articles related to the foundations of microprogramming, its fundamental principles, as well as the "latest developments in the field of microprogramming".
Using a lookahead window in a compaction-based parallelizing compiler
Authors: Nakatani Toshio , Ebcioǧlu Kemal
Published: January 2007

Lookahead is a common technique for high performance uniprocessor design. In general, however, hardware lookahead window is too small to exploit instruction-level parallelism at run time, while compaction-based parallelizing compilers must suffer from worst-case exponential code explosion at compile time. In this paper, we propose a
software lookahead
method, which allows inter-basic block code motions within the prespecified number of operations, called
software lookahead window
, on any path emanating from the currently processed instruction at compile time. By software lookahead, instruction-level parallelism can be exploited in a much greater code area than the hardware approach, but the lookahead region is still limited to a constant depth with a user-specifiable window, and thus code explosion is restricted. The proposed scheme has been implemented in our prototype parallelizing compiler, which can generate code for uniprocessors with multiple functional units and multiway conditional branches, such as VLIW machines, and potentially for superscalars as well. To study code explosion problem and instruction-level parallelism for branch intensive code, we compiled five AIX utilities: sort, fgrep, sed, yacc, and compress. It is demonstrated that, with software lookahead, code explosion problem is effectively alleviated, yet a substantial amount of inter-basic block parallelism is successfully extracted.
Review of "Microprogramming, by Norman Sondak and Efrem Mallach", Artech House, Dedham, Mass., 1977, ISBN 0-89006-064-9
Authors: Eckhouse R. E.
Published: January 2007

Many of us will dismiss a book consisting of reprints as being a nice way for someone else to get his name on the cover. After all, each of the papers has appeared once already and we have no need to read through this collection of papers selected by someone else. If left up to us, we would have selected a better set of papers anyway, or possibly chosen one of the existing textbooks, over what the authors have given us.
Extended control program support: VM/370
Authors: Olbert Arthur G.
Published: January 2007

ECPS:VM/370 is a hardware assist of the VM/370 software control program. ECPS:VM/370 provides improved performance for the software system through a combination of hardware assist technologies. The assist provides hardware support for virtual machine execution of certain System/370 real machine functions. The assist also introduces instructions intended for use by the VM/370 control program. ECPS:VM/370 is defined to simplify maintenance and service of the assisted system. This paper describes the general functions of the assist and presents an explanation of the control and service capabilities provided with the assist.
Directions of computing in higher education
Authors: Moss James L.
Published: January 2007

In March 1980, the following questionnaire was distributed to persons attending the annual ACM-SIGUCC Computer Center Management Symposium in St. Louis, Missouri. Seventy responses, in total, were received. The number of responses to each part of each question varied from 37 to 68. The responses came from a cross-section of people in university computing: from large and small universities, public and private institutions, community colleges, and computing consortia. The questions and the responses received are shown below.
Computing center communication and the annual report
Authors: Trilling Neil
Published: January 2007

One of the largely unrecognized problems in academic computing is the complexity of the university environment. Management in this environment entails communication with a host of users representing a wide range of technically sophisticated and unsophisticated persons, with a variety of interests and objectives. In addition, a panoply of support services at different bureaucratic levels demands concurrent attention. A computing center director uses a variety of techniques in the communication process. A look at the parameters of this process is instructive.
Some of the NCSU experience in data communications
Authors: Usanis Richard A.
Published: January 2007

The following is a summary of some of the past activities at North Carolina State University (NCSU) in data communications and related areas. The origin of these activities was in the late 70's. We are only now completing the first phase and beginning a second phase based on plans laid out then. Much has changed in the intervening years in terms of data communications and we are presently studying the effect newer technology has on our communications planning. So far our present system will allow us to merge with newer technology without loss. We will be able to take advantage of this technology as it becomes available in large quantities at reasonable prices. I mention these items because they lend understanding to why we are doing the things we are doing and the way we are doing them. Otherwise, some would be inexplicable, given the technology on the market today.
User services at Clemson University
Authors: Smith Drew
Published: January 2007

Computing services at Clemson University are provided by three departments: the Division of Administrative Programming Services (DAPS), the Division of Information Systems Development (DISD), and the Computer Center. DAPS develops and maintains administrative data processing systems for the benefit of the University's administration. DISD does contract programming for users external to the University, such as other educational institutions, state agencies, and private enterprise. The Computer Center serves DAPS, DISD, their users, and the faculty, staff, and students of Clemson University.
Future educational computer trends
Authors: Joseph Earl C.
Published: January 2007

This paper is primarily about near-term future computer trends that will be of interest in university and college computer services. Now that we are well into the 1980's, it's cogent to ask what new computer developments we should expect for the remainder of this decade and on into the 1990's. Can new breakthroughs or turning points be forecast? Or, will the decade see only continued but rapid evolutionary developments?
Legal implications and royalty policies
Authors: Maltz Leslie
Published: January 2007

With today's increasing awareness and use of computers on campus, a number of issues are surfacing that will need addressing. Many are related to operations, maintenance, and software. Beyond these issues, areas that are or will be of particular concern to many universities are policy issues related to copyright and security.
Organizing microcomputer support services
Authors: Niebaum Jerome , Huston Priscilla , Maple Clair G.
Published: January 2007

Niebaum: What we are going to do this morning is just a little bit different from some of the other presentations. I am going to present some ideas about micro-computing support services; following my remarks Clair and Priscilla will be responding to my remarks, extending the ideas and commenting No that is not the way to do it; or, Yes that is the way we do it, too. So that will be the format of the talk.
Selecting and managing a telecommunications consultant
Authors: Plice Sam
Published: January 2007

The University of Michigan used a telecommunications consultant in the planning and specification of a new voice and data communication system. What I intend to describe is the manner in which we selected a consultant and the techniques we used in managing the interaction between the consultant and the University.
Looking into education's high-tech future
Authors: Bok Derek
Published: January 2007

During the past year, universities have begun to attract a new kind of publicity. The most arresting stories to appear in our newspapers have not featured students or professors or even new curricula. They have focused on machines:Hewlett-Packard Gives Five Million Dollar Grant for Computer Equipment to Harvard Medical School
Licensing of microcomputer software
Authors: Kent Phyllis
Published: January 2007

The problems associated with obtaining and legally distributing microcomputer software in educational settings are many. This paper will address these issues from the point of view of the Site Coordinator for microcomputer software in a large university.
Using microcomputers to format large and complex manuscripts
Authors: Tatro Donna E.
Published: January 2007

Thesis writers at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY have enjoyed a unique computing environment on Cornell's IBM 4381 mainframe computer. After many years of supporting a customized Waterloo SCRIPT text processing environment and intensive, centralized support, we have decided to remove the mainframe thesis formatting software and encourage writers to produce documents on microcomputers. Officially this plan begins in September 1986. This paper discusses the preparations made by User Support Staff at Cornell University to educate and service the new group of users now faced with managing large, complex documents in a microcomputer environment.
Everything you always wanted to know about FDDI basics (part 1)
Authors: Katz Dave
Published: January 2007

FDDI is a Local Area Network technology based on the use of optical fiber and is likely to become a big part of the networking industry in the near future.
Enhancing researchers' productivity through an integrated computational environment
Authors: Sides Stephanie
Published: January 2007

Scientists' and engineers' demands on high-performance computing technology continue to stay several steps ahead of technology's ability to meet them. These demands are motivating the development of ever more powerful computer platforms, visualization capabilities, and communications.
Microcomputer support for university departments in the late 1990's
Authors: Graham Stephen N.
Published: January 2007

Microcomputer support systems in university departments have grown up gradually over the past ten years. The explosion of new technologies coming in the late 1990's threatens to overwhelm these systems unless careful thought is given to how technology can be controlled, supported and managed for the greatest benefit to departments and the university as a whole. It is time for the University to take another look at the current and evolving role of computing and how it will be supported.
A bit of viral protection is worth a megabyte of cure
Authors: Fitzgerald Tim
Published: January 2007

Even in today's world of safeguarded networks and advanced detection software, computer viruses are still running amok in some of the seedier niches of cyberspace and hiding out on unclean disks and unprotected hard drives. Speculative rumors of wide-spread epidemics have only added to the confusion as computer users all over the world wonder if their systems are at risk and if there is any way to shield themselves from these stealth operatives of electronic malfeasance.
Is Information Systems Spending Productive?
Authors: Ridgway Lee
Published: January 2007

When your department is named Information Systems and you see an article entitled "Is Information Systems Spending Productive?" you tend to sit up and take notice. Such an article appeared in The MIT Report of July/August 1993, summarizing a study by Erik Brynjolfsson, Professor of Management at the Sloan School, and graduate student Lorin Hitt. Their study dealt with the relationship between a company's spending on information systems and its productivity. In a recent interview, Brynjolfsson and Hitt elaborated on what they found.
So you want to import a program
Authors: Johnson James W.
Published: January 2007

While most applications programs are locally produced for local use, computer center staffs find themselves spending an increasing amount of time importing programs and packages from other sources. In some way this may be viewed as a symbol of the maturity of computing, in that we are building on the work of others and allowing specialization in package development. Yet, because program sharing is still the exceptional case, it presents many problem areas. The purpose of this article is to identify the problem areas and suggest procedures to smooth the acquisition of programs from outside sources.
Personnel performance evaluation techniques
Authors: Ledet Mads
Published: January 2007

Personnel evaluations and the related problem of obtaining good performance are difficult areas of management to which a computer center manager should allot as much time as appears warranted, but no more. Disagreements over a particular method of performance evaluation can usually be translated to a belief that the effort involved in implementing the method is not balanced by a sufficient performance improvement. This article provides a description of alternative techniques which may be useful and which require different amounts of the manager's time.
The seven deadly sins of data processors
Authors: Cartlidge Don R.
Published: January 2007

How many of Dante's Seven Deadly Sins can you name? (Hint: They do not begin with Dasher, Dancer and Prancer.) It is not necessary for the reader to memorize the Seven Deadly Sins of Data Processors --- any two will kill you!
University computing as a political process
Authors: Wiste Richard A.
Published: January 2007

The various activities engaged in by those involved in computing can be looked upon from a number of perspectives. A choice of psychological, economic, geographic, political, or other perspectives may be made either on largely heuristic grounds or on grounds more closely tied to serious argument concerning the proper conduct of the activity under discussion. The choice of perspective embodied in this paper was made largely on the latter grounds. The basic argument is that, for many purposes, computing should be looked upon as a political process. If it were looked upon in this way, many things might be done otherwise, and the changes would be decidedly for the better.
Some reflections on being visiting consultant
Authors: Barnes Ben B.
Published: January 2007

This is intended as a description, from the visitor's point of view, of an arrangement whereby a computing director or manager at one university spends several weeks or months on a temporary appointment to the staff of the computing director at another university.
Towards a unifying structure for discrete event simulation
Authors: Nance Richard E.
Published: January 2007

Simulation is a technique that can be viewed as all things to all people, It is surprising, sometimes even alarming, that so many diverse studies are carried on under the general term of 'simulation.' More disturbing is the fact that so little communications appears to exist between the practitioners in one area and those in another. "Man in the loop" simulations seem to be conducted without regard to the simulation of individual and group decision making behavior conducted by psychologists and sociologists. Techniques in Monte Carlo applications seem never to find acceptance, or perhaps awareness, in simulation of urban systems. The simulation of continuous systems exists as a totally separate entity from those working in the discrete event systems, and the effort of those seeking to bring the two together seem to offer little promise for immediate results. We suggest that the lack of communication among practitioners of simulation stems from the lack of a unifying structure or theory leading to an understanding and acceptance of the technique 'digital simulation.'
Simulation languages
Authors: Highland Harold Joseph
Published: January 2007

Both novice and intermediate users of simulation analysis are confronted by a plethora of simulation languages, an 'alphabet soup' of acronyms. In our attempt to provide our readers with a Dictionary of Computer Simulation Languages we shall includes a series of articles on the different languages, with this first article devoted to PASS IV.
Computer based urban planning systems and the user interface
Authors: Whithed Marshall H.
Published: January 2007

The urgency of our urban problems and crises has led to a search for new methodologies to better understand the situation and to explore new solutions. The advent of the modern computer, systems analysis, operations research, and other related phenomena have led to the possibilities of much more sophisticated analysis and decision-making. But these techniques have also raised a significant problem of user interface.
The four ages of technology
Authors: Karplus Walter J.
Published: January 2007

The theme of the 1972 Summer Computer Simulation Conference,
Advancement Through Simulation
, was chosen to emphasize the usefulness of the art of simulation in an ever-expanding range of application areas. The primary role of such a conference is to serve as a platform for the presentation of new ideas and developments in the simulation field and to push back and redefine the frontiers of our knowledge and abilities.
An interactive time-shared simulation using the basic language
Authors: Hansen James V.
Published: January 2007

The author was recently engaged in a simulation project making use of a time-sharing utility. The results of this research are thought to have a broader scope of interest since time-shared simulation is a rather recent possibility and as yet little has been published in the area.
A recommended peer review procedure for academic computing centers
Authors: Williams Leland H.
Published: January 2007

A cooperative computing service peer review procedure is proposed for operation under the aegis of SIGUCC. The author was inspired to this recommendation while on sabbatical leave at the University of Edinburgh in 1976-77, upon learning about such a procedure among British universities. He gratefully acknowledges that these recommendations are essentially an Americanized version of the British procedure which has been operating under the aegis of the Inter-University Computing Consortium (IUCC) since 1973, and which was authored by Eric Foxley, Alan Scott, and Mike Wells, who are Directors of University Computing Services respectively at Nottingham, Oxford, and Leeds Universities.
Air quality diffusion model
Authors: Shieh L. J. , Halpern P. K. , Clemens B. A. , Wang H. H. , Abraham F. F.
Published: January 2007

An experimental multisource air pollution diffusion model based on the Gaussian plume formulation is described. The model incorporates point and area sources, time and space dependence of source strengths, and time and space dependence of meteorological variables. Numerical simulation of the SO
2
concentration distribution for New York City on January 11, 197l, agrees favorably with experimental measurements.
GUAVA
Authors: Joyner David
Published: January 2007

GUAVA is a GAP 4 package primarily designed for the construction and analysis of error-correcting codes authored by Jasper Cramwinckel, Erik Roijackers, Reinald Baart, Eric Minkes, Lea Ruscio, and David Joyner. Though GUAVA can call some special functions written in C, most of GUAVA is written in GAP's own interpretive language. Several algorithms that need the speed were integrated into the GAP kernel, also written in C, by Steve Linton.
On the development and management of computerized models
Authors: Roth Paul F , Gass Saul I. , Nance Richard E.
Published: January 2007

The U.S. Government has recently identified the need for a body of guidlines and standards to improve the development and management of Federal computerized models. This need has most recently been advocated by a General Accounting Office Report to the Congress of August 1976. This paper is composed of two parts: the first describes the program undertaken by the Government to develop such standards; the second describes a particular research project conducted under the program which proposes to develop improved methodology for simulation model development.
General systems problem solving packages
Authors: Klir George J.
Published: January 2007

Various approaches to general systems research have been suggested during the last two decades or so. One of the approaches, to which this author has become commiteed since the late 1960's, is oriented toward general systems problem solving. This approach aims at the characterization of systems problems, their classification, and the development of mathematical, computational or heuristic methodological tools for solving the individual classes of systems problems.
Engineering modelling and design subject to model uncertainties and manufacturing tolerances
Authors: Bandler John W.
Published: January 2007

This paper deals principally with engineering design problems in which either a large volume of production is envisaged, e.g., integrated circuits, or in which only a few units are to be custom made, e.g., filters for satellite applications. All designs are considered subject to manufacturing tolerances (e.g., on physical dimensions), material uncertainties, (e.g., on temperature), model uncertainties (e.g., on equivalent circuits) and so on. Attention is directed in this presentation towards the modelling, the design and the manufacture of electrical circuits such as filters, amplifiers and switching circuits. Hence, certain undesirable effects which deteriorate performance may be due to electromagnetic coupling and mismatched terminations, particularly at high frequencies.
The DRI Motor Vehicle prospects model
Authors: Matluck Edward
Published: January 2007

This paper outlines DRI's Motor Vehicles prospect model and presents the results of some sample simulations. The model demonstrates how econometric and simulation techniques can be fruitfully applied at the micro economic level.The model is designed to assess the effects of changes in motor vehicle technology on all facets of the industry. The user first configures the vehicles to be produced over the forecast horizon. Simulation of the model then yields yearly bills of materials, production and investment costs, fuel economy and other fleet characteristics over a forecast horizon. The demand sector of the model forecasts new vehicle sales by market segment as a function of economic and demographic behavior. Final fleet characteristics are thus a function of both the supply and demand for motor vehicles.The model is currently being used by business and government. It is a natural tool for use in making fuel economy estimates and evaluation of motor fuel related energy policy issues. For materials suppliers it is a valuable aid for both long and short term planning. In the automotive after-market it can depict the current and future demand for individual replacement parts with a high degree of accuracy.
Applied optical illusions
Authors: Bunker W. Marvin
Published: January 2007

Modifications made to improve results in computer generated images (CGI) for visual scene simulation provided results better than anticipated. Understanding is essential to effective use of any technique. In this investigation, the response characteristics of the eye were simulated with a computer model. The tonal patterns resulting from CGI processing were applied as the stimulus, and the subjective eye response was obtained. This explained the experimental results and provided guidance for application of the technique.
Simulation and the inspection paradox
Authors: Taylor Randolph J.
Published: January 2007

The use of simulation as a modeling tool has become quite extensive in recent years. Not only must a simulation model be developed, but also, a validation process must occur to show that this model represents the actual real-world system which is being studied. However, validation is often a difficult problem. Therefore, frequently certain features of the computer model are verified to illustrate that the simulation functions like the real-world system. This paper discusses the inspection paradox, a problem that the new simulabor may encounter, if not careful, while attempting to verify arrival times in the simulation model.
On the usefulness of deterministic grammars for simulation languages
Authors: Bongulielmi Antonio P. , Cellier Francois E.
Published: January 2007

The aim of this paper is to give some indications on how future simulation languages should be structured to guarantee a high degree of software robustness. For this purpose, we concentrated on the particular aspect of classifying languages into several groups out of which we recommend the group of the LL(1) languages for the construction of simulation software.A general purpose parser program is presented which allows to check whether a particular language definition falls into the class of the LL(1) languages, and which can be considered as a very powerful tool for the development of new languages. This parser program has already been used during the design phase of the new simulation language COSY for COmbined (continuous and discrete) SYstem simulation.In a final chapter we present another program which may be used to generate syntax diagrams out of an EBNF description of a grammar on any plotting device.
Proposals for the standardization of status description
Authors: Markowitz Harry M.
Published: January 2007

This paper is to be presented at the Workshop for International Standardization of Simulation Languages to be held in Sorrento, Italy, September 20-21, 1979. It proposes (a) that the instantaneous status of a simulated system be described in terms of its entities, attributes and sets, and (b) that a standard notation be adopted for describing the EAS (entity, attribute and set) structure of a given system. The nature and track record of the EAS view is discussed in the body of the paper. An appendix considers possible variations in basic EAS conventions.
Some ideas of a "user" about simulation software
Authors: Troch Inge
Published: January 2007

The following ideas are not new, but despite this it seems appropriate to reflect them once again.
Differential equation solving for continuous simulation
Authors: Whipple Walter L.
Published: January 2007

This article is the third of a series of informal discussions on continuous simulation. The series supports the contention that a continuous systems simulator should be developed to give answers to the investigators in many fields without need for them to study the techniques.
Simulation as a process
Authors: Morris Michael F.
Published: January 2007

Simulation is too often viewed as an entity: a self-contained task that could be compared with "coding" a computer program. It is more accurate and far more useful to view simulation as a continuum of tasks: a process.
Statistical analysis to evaluate generated distributions in simulation modeling to conserve computer time
Authors: Highland Harold Joseph
Published: January 2007

One of the pitfalls in simulation modeling is the modeler's assumption that the computer generated distributions to be used in the simulation run are sacrosanct. In many models subjected to simulation analysis, it is necessary for the modeler to 'create' various statistical distributions as part of the endogenous and/or expogenous data in the model - turn-around time in a time-sharing environment, rainfall distribution in a specific area, run times for student programs at a computer center. Two methods are usually used to develop these distributions. On the one hand, the modeler might have historic data (company records, experimenter observations) and he therefore can create an empircal distribution which he will use in simulating the model. On the other hand, the modeler might have to rely upon previous studies to estimate a possible distribution; for example, he might assume a Poisson distribution for the timing of machine breakdowns but has to make some estimate of λ.
An urban traffic simulation model
Authors: Larsson Uno
Published: January 2007

This article includes a brief introduction to a simulation project carried through at the University of Gothenburg, Department of Business Administration. The outcome of the project has partly been published in a technical report now available (Larsson and Lundin 1971).
A taxonomy of models
Authors: Highland Harold Joseph
Published: January 2007

For years now in teaching a course in modeling and simulation, I have had the uncomfotable feeling that it is not really possible to teach both modeling and simulation techniques concurrently. The universality of models - an expected value model, a timelag series model for forecasting, an inventory control model, a transportation model, an educational model with projected enrollment by curriculums, to indicate but a few - has promted me to consider the developing of one course in modeling and a separate course to be taken afterwards in simulation methods.
The dynamic re-evaluation of alternatives and the emulation of human decision making
Authors: Clema Joe K. , Fynewever Mark
Published: January 2007

CONSIM (Conflict Simulator), a computer program designed to heuristically simulate decision making (3), has incorporated Bayes' Theorem in its structure to re-evaluate alternatives as new information becomes available to the decision maker. With this ability to re-evaluate alternatives utilizing both present and past information, even complex areas such as international affairs may be heuristically studied and analyzed. By employing elements of game theory, computer modeling and simulation, Bayes' Theorem, and probabilistic utility theory, the authors have developed a program that simulates decision making for n-person, zero-sum games with an arbitrary number of alternatives for each participant. The capability of human misunderstanding and misinterpretation of opponent's decisions has been included in the model. The methodology of CONSIM is general and may be applied in virtually any area of decision making where the alternatives are mutually exclusive, exhaustive, and the decision maker is willing to use a Bayesian approach in the assignment of probabilities, or has statistical records available.
Honeywell 600/6000 simulator
Authors: Harper Jackson D. , James Robert L.
Published: January 2007

The use of simulation to solve problems related to the Honeywell G-635 computers of the Air Force Data Services Center (AFDSC) at the Pentagon was contemplated many months prior to the 1970 hardware installation. In the summer of 1969 we began to lay down the criteria for such a simulator. It would be used for general system enhancement and would have a moderate level of detail.
A postscript to a taxonomy of models
Authors: Highland Harold Joseph
Published: January 2007

When I originally prepared the article several issues ago, I had the uncomfortable feeling that I was missing a compact, well-structured system of model classification. It was one which would immediately inform the reader of the highlights of the model used in the paper he was reading. That classification system is included here (the underscoring indicates the elements of the model in question).
Additional APL generators
Authors: Halmstad David G.
Published: January 2007

The following are some additional generator routines to supplement those published by Robert E. Wheeler. The first is the (usual?) straightforward routine for the
geometric
distribution. The second is for the generation of the highest (or lowest) variates in ordered samples (from the uniform distribution). When one has the inverse of the distribution function being used, this routine is rather useful. A self-explanatory demonstration of the use of the
PORDER
generator is shown in conjunction with the use of
WEIBULL
distribution generator.
The visualization of computer simulation
Authors: Gibson Antonio E.
Published: January 2007

The giant red helicopter sits in the center of a stark, surreal runway. Its rotors turn, slowly at first, then whirl into a flashing arc as the helicopter lifts off to sweep out over the ocean and hover over a ship's deck. The helicopter picks up a cargo container, turns toward the audience and fades as the short film clip ends.
Modeling of aircraft movements at airports
Authors: Hockaday Stephen L. M. , Maddison Donald
Published: January 2007

The airport is a key element in the total air transportation system, and is a facility for the movement and temporary storage of passengers, vehicles, baggage, cargo, and aircraft. Its basic function is to permit the transfer of people and goods between air and ground transport vehicles and from one aircraft to another. The airport airside consists of the runways, taxiways, and gates within the airport confines, plus approach and departure airspace. Exhibit 1 illustrates the relationship between the airport airside and other elements of the air transportation system. Exhibit 2 lists the more significant factors influencing the operation of aircraft on the airport airside.