bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimally-invasive cardiac surgery: a bibliometric analysis of impact and force to identify key and facilitating advanced training
Authors: Karsan Rickesh Bharat , Allen Rhian , Powell Arfon , Beattie Gwyn William
Published: September 2022

Background

The number of citations an article receives is a marker of its scientific influence within a particular specialty. This bibliometric analysis intended to recognise the top 100 cited articles in minimally-invasive cardiac surgery, to determine the fundamental subject areas that have borne considerable influence upon clinical practice and academic knowledge whilst also considering bibliometric scope. This is increasingly relevant in a continually advancing specialty and one where minimally-invasive cardiac procedures have the potential for huge benefits to patient outcomes.

Methods

The Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics) data citation index database was searched with the following terms: [Minimal* AND Invasive* AND Card* AND Surg*]. Results were limited to full text English language manuscripts and ranked by citation number. Further analysis of the top 100 cited articles was carried out according to subject, author, publication year, journal, institution and country of origin.

Results

A total of 4716 eligible manuscripts were retrieved. Of the top 100 papers, the median (range) citation number was 101 (51–414). The most cited paper by Lichtenstein et al. (Circulation 114(6):591–596, 2006) published in Circulation with 414 citations focused on transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation as a viable alternative to aortic valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass in selected patients with aortic stenosis. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery published the most papers and received the most citations (n = 35; 3036 citations). The United States of America had the most publications and citations (n = 52; 5303 citations), followed by Germany (n = 27; 2598 citations). Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, published the most papers of all institutions. Minimally-invasive cardiac surgery pertaining to valve surgery (n = 42) and coronary artery bypass surgery (n = 30) were the two most frequent topics by a large margin.

Conclusions

This work establishes a comprehensive and informative analysis of the most influential publications in minimally-invasive cardiac surgery and outlines what constitutes a citable article. Undertaking a quantitative evaluation of the top 100 papers aids in recognising the contributions of key authors and institutions as well as guiding future efforts in this field to continually improve the quality of care offered to complex cardiac patients.
High physical activity and ovarian reserve: a prospective study of normo-ovulatory professional athletes
Authors: Miller Netanella , Pasternak Yael , Herzberger Einat Haikin , Gluska Hadar , Dorenstein Chen , Rahav Roni , Hemi Rina , Zada Nahid , Wiser Amir
Published: September 2022

Background

This study investigated whether high physical activity affects ovarian reserve in normo-ovulatory, reproductive-age women.

Methods

This prospective, observational study compared 31 professional female athletes, with 31 women who did not engage in physical activity. It was conducted 2017–2020 in a tertiary medical center. Normo-ovulatory, professional athletes, ages 20–35 years were recruited from The Wingate Institute—the Israeli National Institute for Sport Excellence. They had high International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) scores. Non-physically active women, matched by age and body mass index, were recruited from hospital staff. Women were evaluated for ovarian reserve markers on day 2–5 of the menstrual cycle, including follicular stimulating hormone, antral follicle count, anti-Mullerian hormone and Inhibin B.

Results

The average age of the high physical activity group was 29.9 ± 4.2 years and the nonactive group 31.6 ± 4.2 years (p = 0.062). Body mass index of both groups were similar (22.5 ± 5.0 vs. 21.4 ± 2.5, respectively; p = 0.1). No differences were observed with respect to follicle stimulating hormone (p = 0.12) and anti-Mullerian hormone (p = 0.16). A trend towards higher total antral follicle count in the high physical activity group vs. the non-active group (34.5 ± 12.9 vs. 28.1 ± 15.2, p = 0.08) and lower Inhibin B (68.1 ± 36.8 vs. 89.4 ± 46.1, p = 0.05). Menarche age correlated with anti-Mullerian hormone (r = 0.387, p = 0.003), as did total antral follicle count (r = 0.368, p = 0.004). IPAQ scores and basal follicle stimulating hormone levels were negatively correlated (r = − 0.292, p = 0.005).

Conclusions

Athletic, normo-ovulatory women have ovarian reserves that are at least as good as those of the general population. As this is the first study examining this issue, it could cautiously reassure women engaged in high physical activity regarding ovarian reserve.
Adiponectin reduces apoptosis of diabetic cardiomyocytes by regulating miR-711/TLR4 axis
Authors: Zuo Yu , Xiao Tao , Qiu Xiangdong , Liu Zuoliang , Zhang Shengnan , Zhou Na
Published: September 2022

Objective

To investigate the regulation of adiponectin/miR-711 on TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response and diabetic cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Methods

Diabetes models were established using rats and H9c2 cardiomyocytes. qRT-PCR was used to detect adiponectin, miR-711, and TLR4. MTT, β-galactosidase staining, and flow cytometry were utilized to assess cell viability, senescence, and apoptosis, respectively. The colorimetric method was used to measure caspase-3 activity, DCFH-DA probes to detect ROS, and western blotting to determine the protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2, TLR4, and p-NF-κB p65. ELISA was performed to measure the levels of adiponectin, ICAM-1, MCP-1, and IL-1β. Dual-luciferase reporter system examined the targeting relationship between miR-711 and TLR4. H&E and TUNEL staining revealed myocardial structure and apoptosis, respectively.

Results

Adiponectin and miR-711 were underexpressed and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway was activated in high glucose-treated H9c2 cells. High glucose treatment reduced viability, provoked inflammatory response, and accelerated senescence and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. miR-711 could bind TLR4 mRNA and inactivate TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Adiponectin treatment increased miR-711 expression and blocked TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Adiponectin/miR-711 reduced myocardial inflammation and apoptosis in diabetic rats.

Conclusion

Adiponectin inhibits inflammation and alleviates high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by blocking TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway through miR-711.
What evidence exists on conceptual differences in climate change perceptions of smallholders? A systematic map protocol
Authors: Troncarelli Lia Taruiap , Morsello Carla
Published: September 2022

Background

Climate change is affecting small-scale populations worldwide. Evidence of adverse effects has been reported for smallholders’ agriculture, hunting, fishing, and gathering products from natural ecosystems (non-timber forest products). To take precautions or deal with such problems (i.e. to adapt), smallholders need to perceive climatic changes. Acknowledging this need, the literature on this topic is vast. Despite that, authors adopt alternative concepts of climate change perception, which may hinder comparisons of results across studies. Hence, the review team aim to systematically map the literature usage of the climate change perception concept.

Methods

This systematic map will follow the CEE guidelines and conform to the Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence form. The review team will rely on five electronic databases of scientific publications—Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, BASE—Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Science Direct Elsevier and PubMed—with pre-tested search terms only in English. Publications will be filtered through the “articles only” and “English language” selections. Titles, abstracts, and full texts will then be screened using pre-defined eligibility criteria, including small-scale and indigenous populations inhabiting rural areas, as well as presenting explicitly or implicitly the concept of climate change perception. From articles meeting the eligibility criteria, the review team will extract and encode the data while selecting the full texts for reading. The review team will use a codebook pre-elaborated for encoding. No critical appraisal of study validity will be undertaken. Finally, a database with coded metadata of all studies in the map will be made available. The review team will present the evidence in a report map with text, figures, and tables, besides a catalogue of all identified perception definitions.
Rituximab, lenalidomide and BTK inhibitor as frontline treatment for elderly or unfit patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a real-world analysis of single center
Authors: Zhu Yanan , Zhang Xiang , Wei Juying , Yang Chunmei , Tong Hongyan , Mai Wenyuan , Yang Min , Qian Jiejing , Mao Liping , Meng Haitao , Jin Jie , Yu Wenjuan
Published: September 2022

The combination of rituximab, lenalidomide, and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) ibrutinib, followed by chemotherapy, has shown high efficacy in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in Smart Start trial. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety of SMART (rituximab + lenalidomide + BTKi) regimen and SMART–START regimen as a first-line treatment in elderly or unfit DLBCL patients. 31 patients were included, 17 used SMART regimen, with median age 82 years, 14 unfit patients received SMART–START regimen. 14/16 (87.5%) patients in SMART group achieved overall response (OR), with 10/16 (62.5%) achieved complete response (CR). 12/13 (92.3%) patients in SMART–START group achieved OR, with 8/13 (61.5%) achieved CR. With a median follow-up of 15.4 (3–29.1) months, median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) have not been reached, 1-year PFS was 81% in SMART group and 84% in SMART–START group. Common grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) during SMART regimen were neutropenia (8 [25.8%]), infection (6 [19.4%]) and skin rash (3 [9.7%]). Our study shows that SMART regimen is an effective and safe therapy for elderly DLBCL patients, and SMART–START regimen can be used in unfit patients who could not tolerate intensive chemotherapy in the onset.
RhoB affects colitis through modulating cell signaling and intestinal microbiome
Authors: Yang Jianming , Pei Geng , Sun Xuan , Xiao Yawen , Miao Chunhui , Zhou Lu , Wang Bangmao , Yang Liu , Yu Mingyu , Zhang Zhi-Song , Keller Evan T. , Yao Zhi , Wang Quan
Published: September 2022

Background

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is multifactorial, and diagnostic and treatment strategies for IBD remain to be developed. RhoB regulates multiple cell functions; however, its role in colitis is unexplored.

Results

Here, we found RhoB was dramatically increased in colon tissues of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and mice with DSS-induced colitis. Compared with wild type mice, RhoB+/− and RhoB−/− mice developed milder DSS-induced colitis and increased goblet cell numbers and IEC proliferation. Decreased RhoB promoted goblet cell differentiation and epithelial regeneration through inhibiting Wnt signaling pathway and activating p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, increased SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFA concentrations were detected in intestinal microbiome of both RhoB+/− and RhoB−/− mice and upregulated SCFA receptor expression was also observed.

Conclusions

Taken together, a higher level of RhoB is associated with UC, which also contributes to UC development through modulating cell signaling and altering intestinal bacterial composition and metabolites. These observations suggest that RhoB has potential as a biomarker and a treatment target for UC.
Dynamic antimicrobial resistant patterns of Escherichia coli from healthy poultry and swine over 10 years in Chongming Island, Shanghai
Authors: Lv Chao , Shang Jun , Zhang Wengang , Sun Bingqing , Li Min , Guo Chaoyi , Zhou Nan , Guo Xiaokui , Huang Shixin , Zhu Yongzhang
Published: September 2022

Background

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to animal and public health. Here, we conducted a dynamic surveillance of Escherichia coli on Chongming Island in Shanghai during 2009–2021 to identify the characteristics and trends of Chongming’s AMR pandemic.

Methods

Rectal (cloaca) swabs from four poultry and nine swine farms (Chongming Island, 2009–2021) were collected for E. coli strains acquisition. The micro-broth dilution method was used to test antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates against 10 antimicrobial classes including 15 antimicrobials. Utilizing generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and co-occurrence analyses, we further explored the multiple-drug-resistance (MDR) combinations and dynamic patterns of E. coli over 10 years in two food animals.

Results

Total of 863 MDR isolates were found among 945 collected E. coli isolates, 337 from poultry and 608 from swine. Both isolates exhibited high resistant rates (> 70%) to tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, penicillins, and aminoglycosides (only in swine). The resistant rates of swine isolates to penicillins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, phenicols, and polymyxins were significantly higher than those of poultry isolates, whereas resistance to fluoroquinolones was reversed. Resistance to polymyxins decreased similarly in swine (42.4% in 2009 to 0.0% in 2021) and poultry isolates (from 16.5% to 0.0%). However, resistance to other seven antimicrobial classes (excluding carbapenems and penicillins) declined dramatically in swine isolates, particularly fluoroquinolones (from 80.5% to 14.4%), and tendencies of resistance to the seven classes showed markedly divergent patterns in poultry isolates. Using Poisson GLMMs, the AMR carriage since 2016 was significantly lower than that of 2009 (odds ratio < 1), indicating a decline in the risk of MDR emergence. Furthermore, despite the highly diverse MDR profiles, co-occurrence analysis identified two prominent MDR clusters of penicillins-phenicols-fluoroquinolones in poultry and aminoglycosides-tetracyclines-sulfonamides-phenicols in swine.

Conclusions

Our study uncovered vastly distinct AMR patterns and dynamic tendencies of poultry and swine E. coli isolates from Chongming. Meanwhile, Chongming’s AMR status has ameliorated, as indicated by the decline in antimicrobials prevalence (particularly in swine), lower likelihood of MDR emergence and low carbapenem-, cephalosporin-, and polymyxin resistance. Importantly, this surveillance results are the vital basis for future policy development in Chongming and Shanghai.

Graphical Abstract
SnO2/rGO nanocomposite for the detection of biomarkers of lung cancer
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Arunkumar , Lee Dong-Weon
Published: September 2022

Metal oxide-based sensors have been widely used to detection biomarkers in exhaled breath for identification of various diseases such as asthma, diabetes, halitosis, and lung cancer. Herein, we proposed one step hydrothermal method for the preparation of SnO2 nanospheres and reduced graphene oxide incorporated SnO2 nanospheres for the detection of two important biomarkers such as decane and heptane from the exhaled breath of lung cancer patients. The as prepared materials are investigated in detail through various analytical techniques and the findings are consistent with each other. The sensing response of the proposed sensors were systematically investigated to enhance their sensing performance as a function of operating temperatures and gas concentration, and different analyte gases. The sensors showed maximum sensing response toward heptane and decane compared to other interfering gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, acetone, ethanol, and methanol at 125 °C. The proposed sensors exhibit excellent detection range as low as 1 ppm with appreciably fast response and recovery time. Lung cancer patients may be easily screened using the proposed sensor, by detecting decane and heptane in their exhaled breath.
Toward a New Paradigm in Resistance Training by Means of Velocity Monitoring: A Critical and Challenging Narrative
Authors: González-Badillo Juan José , Sánchez-Medina Luis , Ribas-Serna Juan , Rodríguez-Rosell David
Published: September 2022

For more than a century, many concepts and several theories and principles pertaining to the goals, organization, methodology and evaluation of the effects of resistance training (RT) have been developed and discussed between coaches and scientists. This cumulative body of knowledge and practices has contributed substantially to the evolution of RT methodology. However, a detailed and rigorous examination of the existing literature reveals many inconsistencies that, unless resolved, could seriously hinder further progress in our field. The purpose of this review is to constructively expose, analyze and discuss a set of anomalies present in the current RT methodology, including: (a) the often inappropriate and misleading terminology used, (b) the need to clarify the aims of RT, (c) the very concept of maximal strength, (d) the control and monitoring of the resistance exercise dose, (e) the existing programming models and (f) the evaluation of training effects. A thorough and unbiased examination of these deficiencies could well lead to the adoption of a revised paradigm for RT. This new paradigm must guarantee a precise knowledge of the loads being applied, the effort they involve and their effects. To the best of our knowledge, currently this can only be achieved by monitoring repetition velocity during training. The main contribution of a velocity-based RT approach is that it provides the necessary information to know the actual training loads that induce a specific effect in each athlete. The correct adoption of this revised paradigm will provide coaches and strength and conditioning professionals with accurate and objective information concerning the applied load (relative load, level of effort and training effect). This knowledge is essential to make rational and informed decisions and to improve the training methodology itself.
Is Cumulative Load Associated with Injuries in Youth Team Sport? A Systematic Review
Authors: Sniffen Katie , Noel-London Kemba , Schaeffer Melody , Owoeye Oluwatoyosi
Published: September 2022

Background

High cumulative external and internal load may predispose athletes to increased risk for injury across a variety of sports, competition levels, and age groups. However, evidence of an association between cumulative load and injury in youth sport remains inconclusive. The objective of this study was to determine the current evidence for cumulative load and injury risk relationships in youth team sport through a systematic review of the existing literature.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and CINAHL for relevant articles published between January 2010 and April 2021. The authors conducted independent review and quality assessment of the eligible studies. Eleven articles evaluating youth (less than 18 years old) team sport were included for qualitative synthesis.

Results

Fifty-nine percent (n = 39/66) of the relationships assessed revealed an association between cumulative load and injury across the team sports studied, including the presence of load–injury associations in 84% (n = 16/19) of assessments in youth soccer. Of those relationships where an association was present, 79% (n = 31/39) were positive associations between cumulative load and injury. Risk of bias assessment scores ranged from three to six out of seven possible (median = 5) for cohort studies and from four to seven out of 10 possible (median = 5.5) for cross-sectional studies.

Conclusions

There is some evidence for a positive association between load and injury in youth team sport. Youth soccer was the most studied team sport, and a substantial number of positive load–injury associations were reported. Current evidence lacks consistency in the measures and metrics used in defining load–injury relationships.

Trial RegistrationPRISMA ID - CRD42020203622.
Developing and evaluating a SAFER model to screen for diabetes complications among people experiencing homelessness: a pilot study protocol
Authors: Scott Sara , Grewal Eshleen K. , Tariq Hamna , Campbell David J. T.
Published: September 2022

Background

Diabetes management combined with housing instability intersects, forcing individuals to triage competing needs and critical stressors, such as safety and shelter, with fundamental diabetes self-management tasks like attending healthcare appointments to screen for the complications of diabetes, leaving individuals overwhelmed and overburdened. We aim to address this disjuncture found within our current healthcare delivery system by providing point-of-care screening opportunities in a more patient-centered approach.

Method

We describe a pilot study of a novel clinical intervention which provides timely, comprehensive, and accessible screening for diabetes complications to people experiencing homelessness. We will assess the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance, as per the RE-AIM framework, of a SAFER model of care (i.e., screening for A1C, feet, eyes, and renal function). A trained nurse will provide this screening within a homeless shelter. During these encounters, eligible participants will be screened for microvascular complications (neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy) and have their A1C measured, all at the point of care, using bedside tools and novel technology. Effectiveness, our primary objective, will be evaluated using a pre-post design, by comparing the rate of completion of full microvascular screening during the study period with individuals’ own historical screening in the 2-year period prior to enrollment. The other domains of the RE-AIM framework will be assessed using process data, chart reviews, patient surveys, and qualitative semi-structured interviews with service providers and participants. This study will be conducted in a large inner-city homeless shelter within a major urban Canadian city (Calgary, Canada).

Discussion

Currently, screening for diabetes complications is often inaccessible for individuals experiencing homelessness, which places heavy burdens on individuals and, ultimately, on already strained emergency and acute care services when complications go undetected at earlier stages. The SAFER intervention will modify the current standard of care for this population in a way that is less fragmented, more person-focused, and timely, with the goal of ultimately improving the rate of screening in an acceptable fashion to identify those requiring specialist referral at earlier stages.
Digital participatory workshops with patients and health professionals to develop an intervention for the management of polypharmacy: results from a mixed-methods evaluation and methodological conclusions
Authors: Engler Jennifer , Brosse Franziska , Dinh Truc Sophia , Klein Astrid-Alexandra , Brueckle Maria-Sophie , Petermann Jenny , Muth Christiane , Mergenthal Karola , van den Akker Marjan , Voigt Karen
Published: September 2022

Background

In the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous researchers postponed their patient and public involvement (PPI) activities. This was mainly due to assumptions on patients’ willingness and skills to participate digitally. In fact, digital PPI workshops differ from in-person meetings as some forms of non-verbal cues and body language may be missing and technical barriers may exist. Within our project HYPERION-TransCare we adapted our PPI workshop series for intervention development to a digital format and assessed whether these digital workshops were feasible for patients, health care professionals and researchers.

Methods

We used a digital meeting tool that included communication via audio, video and chat. Discussions were documented simultaneously on a digital white board. Technical support was provided via phone and chat during the workshops and with a technical introduction workshop in advance. The workshop evaluation encompassed observation protocols, participants’ feedback via chat after each workshop on their chance to speak and the usability of the digital tools, and telephone interviews on patients’ and health professionals’ experiences after the end of the workshop series.

Results

Observation protocols showed an active role of moderators in verbally encouraging every participant to get involved. Technical challenges occurred, but were in most cases immediately addressed and solved. Participants median rating of their chance to speak and the usability of the digital tool was “very good”. In the evaluation interviews participants reported a change of perspective and mutual understanding as a main benefit from the PPI workshops and described the atmosphere as inclusive and on equal footing. Benefits of the digital format such as overcoming geographical distance, saving time and combining workshop participation with professional or childcare obligations were reported. Technical support was stressed as a pre-condition for getting actively involved in digital PPI.

Conclusions

Digital formats using different didactic and documentation techniques, accompanied by technical support, can foster active patient and public involvement. The advantages of digital PPI formats such as geographical flexibility and saving time for participants as well as the opportunity to prepare and hold workshops in geographically stretched research teams persists beyond the pandemic and may in some cases outweigh the advantages of in-person communication.
Characterization of influenza infection in a high-income urban setting in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Miring’u Gabriel , Muriithi Betty , Shoji Hisashi , Symekher Samwel M. L. , Wandera Ernest Apondi , Majisu Claire , Takei Mitsuo , Mwiraria Koome , Saito Yukie , Kaneko Satoshi , Tokimatsu Issei
Published: September 2022

Background

Influenza viruses are an important cause of respiratory infections across all age groups. Information on occurrence and magnitude of influenza virus infections in different populations in Kenya however remains scanty, compromising estimation of influenza disease burden. This study examined influenza infection in an urban high-income setting in Nairobi to establish its prevalence and activity of influenza viruses, and evaluated diagnostic performance of a rapid influenza diagnostic test.

Methodology

A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in six private health facilities located within high-income residential areas in Nairobi from January 2019 to July 2020. Patients of all ages presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) were recruited into the study. Detection of influenza virus was conducted using rapid diagnosis and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). Data were summarized using descriptive statistics and tests of association. Sensitivity, specificity and area under receiver operating characteristics curve was calculated to establish diagnostic accuracy of the rapid diagnosis test.

Results

The study recruited 125 participants with signs and symptoms of ILI, of whom 21 (16.8%) were positive for influenza viruses. Of all the influenza-positive cases, 17 (81.0%) were influenza type A of which 70.6% were pandemic H1N1 (A/H1N1 2009). Highest detection was observed among children aged 5–10 years. Influenza virus mostly circulated during the second half of the year, and fever, general fatigue and muscular and joint pain were significantly observed among participants with influenza virus. Sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test was 95% (95% confidence interval 75.1–99.9) and 100% (95% confidence interval 96.5–100.0), respectively.

Conclusions

Findings of this study shows continuous but variable activity of influenza virus throughout the year in this population, with substantial disease burden. The findings highlight the need for continuous epidemiologic surveillance including genetic surveillance to monitor activity and generate data to inform vaccine introduction or development, and other interventions.
Enhancer RNA commits osteogenesis via microRNA-3129 expression in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Nguyen Anh Phuong , Yamagata Kaoru , Iwata Shigeru , Trimova Gulzhan , Zhang Tong , Shan Yu , Nguyen Mai-Phuong , Sonomoto Koshiro , Nakayamada Shingo , Kato Shigeaki , Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: September 2022

Background

Highly regulated gene expression program underlies osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but the regulators in the program are not entirely identified. As enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) have recently emerged as a key regulator in gene expression, we assume a commitment of an eRNA in osteogenesis.

Methods

We performed in silico analysis to identify potential osteogenic microRNA (miRNA) gene predicted to be regulated by super-enhancers (SEs). SE inhibitor treatment and eRNA knocking-down were used to confirm the regulational mechanism of eRNA. miRNA function in osteogenesis was elucidated by miR mimic and inhibitor transfection experiments.

Results

miR-3129 was found to be located adjacent in a SE (osteoblast-specific SE_46171) specifically activated in osteoblasts by in silico analysis. A RT-quantitative PCR analysis of human bone marrow-derived MSC (hBMSC) cells showed that eRNA_2S was transcribed from the SE with the expression of miR-3129. Knockdown of eRNA_2S by locked nucleic acid as well as treatment of SE inhibitors JQ1 or THZ1 resulted in low miR-3129 levels. Overexpression of miR-3129 promoted hBMSC osteogenesis, while knockdown of miR-3129 inhibited hBMSC osteogenesis. Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), encoding a bone formation suppressor, was upregulated following miR-3129-5p inhibition and identified as a target gene for miR-3129 during differentiation of hBMSCs into osteoblasts.

Conclusions

miR-3129 expression is regulated by SEs via eRNA_2S and this miRNA promotes hBMSC differentiation into osteoblasts through downregulating the target gene SLC7A11. Thus, the present study uncovers a commitment of an eRNA via a miR-3129/SLC7A11 regulatory pathway during osteogenesis of hBMSCs.
The propensity of fomite spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus through produce supply chain
Authors: Adedeji Akinbode A. , Vijayakumar Paul Priyesh
Published: September 2022

Background

The global community has battled the spread of SAR-CoV-2 for almost 2 years, and the projection is that the virus may be recurrent like the seasonal flu. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic disrupted activities within the food supply chain that cost billions of dollars globally. This has heightened concerns about fomite spread of the virus through surfaces. There is an urgent need to understand the risk portends by this virus along the produce supply chain with conditions (low temperature and high relative humidity) conducive to extended survival of the virus.

Main body

Pre-dating SARS-CoV-2 are other types of coronaviruses that had lower infection and mortality rates. There are some similarities between the former and the new coronavirus, especially with regards to transmission modes and their survivability on surfaces. There is evidence of other coronaviruses’ survival on surfaces for weeks. Currently, there are limited evidence-based studies to enlighten us on how the virus is transmitted within the produce supply chain. A few studies claim that the virus could spread through the cold supply chains. However, these are not sufficient to make a conclusive inference about the deadly SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions

This paper provides a succinct review of the literature on current understanding of the transmission, survivability, and risk SARS-CoV-2 portend to humans within the produce supply chain and calls for more evidence-based research to allay or alert us of the potential risk of fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The paper also highlights examples of conventional and novel non-thermal inactivation and sanitation methods applicable to this type of virus.
GmPAO-mediated polyamine catabolism enhances soybean Phytophthora resistance without growth penalty
Authors: Yang Kun , Yan Qiang , Wang Yi , Peng Hao , Jing Maofeng , Dou Daolong
Published: September 2022

Plant immunity is activated upon perception of pathogens and often affects growth when it is constitutively active. It is still a challenge to balance plant immunity and growth in disease resistance breeding. Here, we demonstrated that soybean (Glycine max) polyamine oxidase (GmPAO) confers resistance to multiple Phytophthora pathogens, but has no obvious adverse impact on agronomic traits. GmPAO produces H2O2 by oxidizing spermidine and spermine. Phytophthora sojae induces an increase in these two substrates, and thus promotes GmPAO-mediated polyamine catabolism specifically during infection. Interestingly, we found that the two substrates showed higher accumulation in transgenic soybean lines overexpressing GmPAO than in WT and CK after inoculation with P. sojae to ensure H2O2 production during infection, rather than directly inhibit P. sojae. In these transgenic soybean plants, the significantly enhanced resistance to different P. sojae isolates was achieved; PAMP-induced H2O2 accumulation was enhanced by GmPAO overexpression. Moreover, transient expression of GmPAO also significantly improved Nicotiana benthamiana resistance to Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora parasitica in agroinfiltration assays. Our results provide a novel approach to allow rapid defense responses in plants upon pathogen infection while minimizing growth penalties under normal conditions, with a clear mechanism in which plant promotes H2O2 production via pathogen-activated substrates.
Efficient isolation of keratin from protein-rich waste biomass: a practical approach to minimize environmental impact and valorize waste biomass
Authors: Maity Tapan Kumar , Singh Nripat , Vaghela Pradipkumar , Ghosh Arup , Singh Sanju , Shinde Pramod B. , Sequeira Rosy Alphons , Prasad Kamalesh
Published: September 2022

Among various protein-containing biomass wastes, waste animal wool, poultry feather, and human hair are considered one of the most important renewable sources of keratin. Animal wool and human hair are utilized for the production of several products. However, the substantial quantity of short fibers that are inappropriate for spinning and being unusable is thrown away as waste resulting in significant environmental issues in terms of their accumulation in water bodies resulting in obstruction of waterways and other related problems. Similarly, poultry wastes, especially waste chicken feathers (WCF) are dumped or burnt or used as low-value fertilizer in certain applications. The purpose of this research is to develop an efficient method that can extract the recoverable keratin from various wastes and effectively utilize the spent solvent in the extraction process. Herein suitability of an aqueous solution of quaternary ammonium hydroxide known as tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAOH, 25% w/w in water) to solubilize these protein wastes and extract keratin from them was investigated. The solvent could solubilize ca. 39–44% w/w of waste animal wool (WAW), 19–25% of waste human hair (WHH), and 55–60% of WCF. Crude keratin with ca. 19–20%, 35–37%, and 69–74% were isolated from WAW, WHH, and WCF, respectively. The chemical and structural stability of keratin thus isolated was established. The recovered TMAOH, insoluble WAW, and WCF were found to be nontoxic to soil microbes. The recovered TMAOH thus generated after isolation of keratin was used for green gram (Vigna radiata) seed treatment, and a substantial increase in the height (4–12%) and weight (9–58%) of the plants was observed. Treating biomass waste as a source of high-value compounds may minimize environmental impact by reducing the waste load.
Job attributes affect the relationship between perceived overqualification and retention
Authors: Piotrowska Maria
Published: September 2022

The paper explores the possibility of reducing the effect of perceived overqualification on employee retention (i.e., turnover intentions and job search behaviors) through non-salary (nonwage benefits, elasticity of work hours, and procedural justice) and salary (pay satisfaction) attributes of work. The problem of overqualification arises when the skills and experience or the knowledge and education of an employee are higher than those required for the job that the employee performs. This situation may induce an employee to leave the organization. This research uses the concept of perceived overqualification and addresses three unresolved issues regarding salary and non-salary job attributes which can modify the effects of perceived overqualification. These issues include the mechanism through which the aforementioned effects are transferred onto retention, interpersonal justice as a moderator, and the importance of negative affectivity, which may be responsible for the relationship between perceived overqualification and employee retention. The study uses conditional analysis of the process developed by Hayes and data from a survey conducted among 100 overqualified employees, who were identified among 826 randomly selected people in Poland. The findings show that non-salary job attributes can be a better instrument than salary in increasing the organizational commitment perceived by overqualified employees. A stronger organizational commitment prevents the overqualified from leaving the organization. As regards the relationship between perceived overqualification and turnover intention, the moderation impact of interpersonal justice (respect from supervisors) is stronger than that of pay satisfaction. Negative affectivity does not create the common tendency in perceived overqualification and retention. Based on the findings, I propose several practical recommendations.
Colourful treasure on Shanghai’s Bund: uncovering original paint finishes in the Chinese Banking Hall of the former HSBC Building
Authors: Schwantes Gesa
Published: September 2022

The former HSBC Building, today occupied by Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, is one of the largest iconic buildings on the Bund in Shanghai. Designed by Palmer & Turner in the neoclassic style, the building was completed in 1923. Restoration of the interior of the Chinese Banking Hall, located within the southwestern corner of the building, is now underway. This rectangular room features four columns in the centre and stucco decoration on parts of the walls; the ceiling originally had a distinctive, vibrantly colourful design in a bold mix of Western and Chinese styles. The only extant documentation of the banking hall’s original decoration includes black-and-white photographs and a short, written description. Today, all the plaster surfaces are covered over with several layers of white and cream-coloured paint finishes. A preliminary analysis of the hall’s decorative finishes was conducted to determine the colours, paint materials, and condition of the original paint layers. The investigation revealed that in some sections, the original paint was very brittle. Restoration by exposing the finishes in the entire room (removing the modern layers covering the original one) did not appear feasible. This article investigates the results of the following: assessing the condition of the paint materials; identifying the significance of the decorations; the challenges facing the room’s conservation; and potential conservation options for the room’s decoration.
Probing Internal Assumptions of the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy
Authors: Larsen Tori M. , Endo Bianca H. , Yee Alexander T. , Do Tony , Lo Stanley M.
Published: September 2022

Bloom’s taxonomy is a widely used classification of learning objectives and assessments in biology education. It is important to understand the underlying assumptions of the taxonomy. This paper empirically examines the independence of the knowledge-type and cognitive-process dimensions and the use of action verbs as proxies for cognitive processes.
Initial Development and Validation of the Plant Awareness Disparity Index
Authors: Parsley Kathryn M. , Daigle Bernie J. , Sabel Jaime L.
Published: September 2022

An outline of the development and validation of the Plant Awareness Disparity Index (PAD-I), which is designed to measure plant awareness disparity (PAD, formerly plant blindness) in undergraduate biology students, is presented.
Collaborative Teaching plus (CT+): A Timely, Flexible, and Dynamic Course Design Implemented during Emergency Remote Teaching in an Introductory Biology Course
Authors: Dulai Kamal S. , Kranzfelder Petra , Signorini Adriana , Pusey Téa S. , Valencia Andrea Presas , Urbina Christian , Oviedo Néstor J.
Published: September 2022

This case study presents a flexible and dynamic course design administered by multiple instructors simultaneously. The integration of multiple instructors allowed for knowledge exchange in blending complementary behaviors and discourse practices during class sessions. This course design could be adapted to STEM courses in higher education.
A Longitudinal Study Identifying the Characteristics and Content Knowledge of Those Seeking Certification to Teach Secondary Biology in the United States
Authors: Cortes Kimberly Linenberger , Reid Joshua W. , Fallin Rebekah , Hao Jie , Shah Lisa , Ray Herman E. , Rushton Gregory T.
Published: September 2022

Demographic and performance data from examinees who took the Praxis® Biology Subject Assessment exam from 2006 to 2015 were compared. Findings revealed substantial differences in average performance and pass rates between examinees of different genders, races, undergraduate majors, undergraduate grade point averages, and census regions.
Comparing the Outcomes of Face-to-Face and Synchronous Online Research Mentor Training Using Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Rogers Jenna , Gong Xue , Byars-Winston Angela , McDaniels Melissa , Thayer-Hart Nancy , Cheng Philip , Diggs-Andrews Kelly , Martínez-Hernández Kermin J. , Pfund Christine
Published: September 2022

Mentors’ perceived mentoring skill gains and overall quality of mentoring are comparable regardless of the training modality used—online versus face-to-face. As such, online mentoring training should be considered a viable option.
“It’s completely erasure”: A Qualitative Exploration of Experiences of Transgender, Nonbinary, Gender Nonconforming, and Questioning Students in Biology Courses
Authors: Casper A. M. Aramati , Rebolledo Nico , Lane A. Kelly , Jude Luke , Eddy Sarah L.
Published: September 2022

Students with queer genders describe exclusionary narratives about sex and gender in biology courses. These narratives harm students by lowering sense of belonging, career preparation, and interest in biology. Students employ resilience strategies and recognize the currently unrealized potential for biology to validate queer identities.
GIP Affects Hepatic Fat and Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis but Not White Adipose Tissue Transcriptome in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Heimbürger Sebastian Møller Nguyen , Hoe Bjørn , Nielsen Chris Neumann , Bergman Natasha Chidekel , Skov-Jeppesen Kirsa , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens Juul , Dela Flemming , Overgaard Julie , Størling Joachim , Vilsbøll Tina , Dejgaard Thomas Fremming , Havelund Jesper Foged , Gorshkov Vladimir , Kjeldsen Frank , Færgeman Nils Joakim , Madsen Martin Rønn , Christensen Mikkel B , Knop Filip Krag
Published: September 2022

Context

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) has been proposed to exert insulin-independent effects on lipid and bone metabolism.

Objective

We investigated the effects of a 6-day subcutaneous GIP infusion on circulating lipids, white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), hepatic fat content, inflammatory markers, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and bone homeostasis in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 20 men with type 1 diabetes underwent a 6-day continuous subcutaneous infusion with GIP (6 pmol/kg/min) and placebo (saline), with an interposed 7-day washout period.

Results

During GIP infusion, participants (26 ± 8 years [mean ± SD]; BMI 23.8 ± 1.8 kg/m2; glycated hemoglobin A1c 51 ± 10 mmol/mol [6.8 ± 3.1%]) experienced transiently increased circulating concentrations of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) (P = 0.0005), decreased RER (P = 0.009), indication of increased fatty acid β-oxidation, and decreased levels of the bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide (P = 0.000072) compared with placebo. After 6 days of GIP infusion, hepatic fat content was increased by 12.6% (P = 0.007) and supraclavicular skin temperature, a surrogate indicator of BAT activity, was increased by 0.29 °C (P < 0.000001) compared with placebo infusion. WAT transcriptomic profile as well as circulating lipid species, proteome, markers of inflammation, and bone homeostasis were unaffected.

Conclusion

Six days of subcutaneous GIP infusion in men with type 1 diabetes transiently decreased bone resorption and increased NEFA and β-oxidation. Further, hepatic fat content, and supraclavicular skin temperature were increased without affecting WAT transcriptomics, the circulating proteome, lipids, or inflammatory markers.
Corticosteroid-binding Globulin (SERPINA6) Establishes Postpubertal Sex Differences in Rat Adrenal Development
Authors: Toews Julia N C , Philippe Tristan J , Hill Lesley A , Dordevic Matthew , Miguelez-Crespo Allende , Homer Natalie Z M , Nixon Mark , Hammond Geoffrey L , Viau Victor
Published: September 2022

Encoded by SerpinA6, plasma corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) transports glucocorticoids and regulates their access to cells. We determined how CBG influences plasma corticosterone and adrenal development in rats during the pubertal to adult transition using CRISPR/cas9 to disrupt SerpinA6 gene expression. In the absence of CBG, total plasma corticosterone levels were ∼80% lower in adult rats of both sexes, with a greater absolute reduction in females than in males. Notably, free corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone were comparable between all groups. Between 30 and 90 days of age, wild-type female rats showed increases in adrenal weight and the size of the corticosterone-producing region, the zona fasciculata (zf), in tandem with increases in plasma CBG and corticosterone concentrations, whereas no such changes were observed in males. This sex difference was lost in rats without CBG, such that adrenal growth and zf expansion were similar between sexes. The sex-specific effects of CBG on adrenal morphology were accompanied by remarkable changes in gene expression: ∼40% of the adrenal transcriptome was altered in females lacking CBG, whereas almost no effect was seen in males. Over half of the adrenal genes that normally exhibit sexually dimorphic expression after puberty were similarly expressed in males and females without CBG, including those responsible for cholesterol biosynthesis and mobilization, steroidogenesis, and growth. Rat adrenal SerpinA6 transcript levels were very low or undetectable. Thus, sex differences in adrenal growth, morphology and gene expression profiles that emerge during puberty in rats are dependent on concomitant increases in plasma CBG produced by the liver.