bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric properties of Si/CoSi2 sub-micrometer composites prepared by melt-spinning technique
Authors: Xie Jun , Ohishi Yuji , Ichikawa Satoshi , Muta Hiroaki , Kurosaki Ken , Yamanaka Shinsuke
Published: May 2017

We here report on the influence of CoSi2 precipitates on the thermoelectric properties of heavily doped p-type Si. A simple self-assembly process using a melt-spinning technique followed by spark plasma sintering is introduced to prepare bulk Si/CoSi2 composites with a nominal composition of (Si0.99B0.01)95Co5. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy observations present clear evidence of a sub-micrometer CoSi2 phase with a size ranging from 50 to 500 nm. These sub-micrometer precipitates resulted in a retention of the high electrical performance of heavily doped Si, while simultaneously reducing thermal conductivity by over 20% compared to a coarse CoSi2 phase (1–10 μm) in a comparative sample prepared by arc melting and spark plasma sintering. As a result, a figure of merit ZT value of 0.21 at 1073 K was achieved in the sub-micrometer Si/CoSi2, an increase of 16% compared with the ZT value for homogeneous p-type Si with a similar carrier concentration. This suggests that the self-assembled sub-micrometer inclusions effectively enhanced the thermoelectric performance of Si-based thermoelectric materials.
Reactivity of O2 on Pd/Ru(0001) and PdRu/Ru(0001) surface alloys
Authors: Farías D. , Minniti M. , Miranda R.
Published: May 2017

The reactivity of a Pd monolayer epitaxially grown on Ru(0001) toward O2 has been investigated by molecular beam techniques. O2 initial sticking coefficients were determined using the King and Wells method in the incident energy range of 40–450 meV and for sample temperatures of 100 K and 300 K, and compared to the corresponding values measured on the clean Ru(0001) and Pd(111) surfaces. In contrast to the high reactivity shown by Ru(0001) at 100 K, the Pd/Ru(0001) system exhibits a monotonic decrease in the sticking probability of O2 as a function of normal incident energy. At room temperature, the system was found to be inert. Thermal desorption measurements show that O2 is adsorbed molecularly at 100 K. A completely different behaviour has been measured for the Pd0.95Ru0.05/Ru(0001) surface alloy. On this surface, the O2 sticking probability increases with incident energy and resembles the one observed on the clean Ru(0001) surface, even at 300 K. Thermal desorption measurements point to dissociative adsorption of O2 in this system. Both the charge transfer from the Pd to the Ru substrate and the compressive strain on the Pd monolayer contribute to decrease in the reactivity of the Pd/Ru(0001) system well below those of both Ru(0001) and Pd(111).
The basis for cosmic ray feedback: Written on the wind
Authors: Zweibel Ellen G.
Published: May 2017

Star formation and supermassive black hole growth in galaxies appear to be self-limiting. The mechanisms for self-regulation are known as feedback. Cosmic rays, the relativistic particle component of interstellar and intergalactic plasma, are among the agents of feedback. Because cosmic rays are virtually collisionless in the plasma environments of interest, their interaction with the ambient medium is primarily mediated by large scale magnetic fields and kinetic scale plasma waves. Because kinetic scales are much smaller than global scales, this interaction is most conveniently described by fluid models. In this paper, I discuss the kinetic theory and the classical theory of cosmic ray hydrodynamics (CCRH) which follows from assuming cosmic rays interact only with self-excited waves. I generalize CCRH to generalized cosmic ray hydrodynamics, which accommodates interactions with extrinsic turbulence, present examples of cosmic ray feedback, and assess where progress is needed.
Synchronization of moving oscillators in three dimensional space
Authors: Majhi Soumen , Ghosh Dibakar
Published: May 2017

We investigate the macroscopic behavior of a dynamical network consisting of a time-evolving wiring of interactions among a group of random walkers. We assume that each walker (agent) has an oscillator and show that depending upon the nature of interaction, synchronization arises where each of the individual oscillators are allowed to move in such a random walk manner in a finite region of three dimensional space. Here, the vision range of each oscillator decides the number of oscillators with which it interacts. The live interaction between the oscillators is of intermediate type (i.e., not local as well as not global) and may or may not be bidirectional. We analytically derive the density dependent threshold of coupling strength for synchronization using linear stability analysis and numerically verify the obtained analytical results. Additionally, we explore the concept of basin stability, a nonlinear measure based on volumes of basin of attractions, to investigate how stable the synchronous state is under large perturbations. The synchronization phenomenon is analyzed taking limit cycle and chaotic oscillators for wide ranges of parameters like interaction strength k between the walkers, speed of movement v, and vision range r.
Response of alpha particles in hexagonal boron nitride neutron detectors
Authors: Doan T. C. , Li J. , Lin J. Y. , Jiang H. X.
Published: May 2017

Thermal neutron detectors were fabricated from 10B enriched h-BN epilayers of different thicknesses. The charge carrier generation and energy loss mechanisms as well as the range of alpha daughter particles generated by the nuclear reaction between thermal neutrons and 10B atoms in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) thermal neutron detectors have been investigated via their responses to alpha particles from a 210Po source. The ranges of alpha particles in h-BN were found to be anisotropic, which increase with the angle (θ) between the trajectory of the alpha particles and c-axis of the h-BN epilayer following (cos θ)−1 and are 4.6 and 5.6 μm, respectively, for the alpha particles with energies of 1.47 MeV and 1.78 MeV at θ = 0. However, the energy loss of an alpha particle inside h-BN is determined by the number of layers it passes through with a constant energy loss rate of 107 eV per layer due to the layered structure of h-BN. Roughly 5 electron-hole pairs are generated when an alpha particle passes through each layer. It was also shown that the durability of h-BN thermal neutron detectors is excellent based on the calculation of boron vacancies generated (or 10B atoms consumed) by neutron absorption. The results obtained here provide useful insights into the mechanisms of energy loss and charge carrier generation inside h-BN detectors and possible approaches to further improve the overall performance of h-BN thermal neutron detectors, as well as the ultimate spatial resolution of future neutron imaging devices or cameras based on h-BN epilayers.
Perpendicular magnetic tunneling junction switching dynamic modes, extreme events, and performance scaling
Authors: Wang Xiaobin , Wang Zihui , Hao Xiaojie , Gan Huadong , Xu Pengfa , Jung Dongha , Satoh Kimihiro , Zhou Yuchen , Zhang Jing , Yen Bing K. , Huai Yiming
Published: May 2017

The performance of the state-of-the-art perpendicular magnetic tunneling junction (pMTJ) device is fundamentally determined by the physics of material “extreme events.” A dynamic mode approach is used to study “extreme events” of stochastic nonlinear magnetization switching, including magnetic interactions and non-uniform magnetization dynamics. Our theory and experiment show that the magnetization switching “extreme events” are well characterized by the dynamic modes of interacting magnetic systems. The dynamic modes provide a clear understanding of the physical processes of the magnetization switching “extreme events.” We predict markedly different pMTJ scaling behaviors for spin transfer torque, spin-orbit-interaction torque, and thermal fluctuations at different operation speeds and bit error rate conditions. Understanding these scaling behaviors is critical for existing and emerging pMTJ device applications.
Suppression of Rayleigh wave spurious signal in ultra-wideband surface acoustic wave devices employing 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.33PbTiO3 single crystals
Authors: Ji Xiaojun , Xiao Qiang , Chen Jing , Wang Hualei , Omori Tatsuya , Changjun Ahn
Published: May 2017

The propagation characteristics of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) on rotated Y-cut X-propagating 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.33PbTiO3(PMN-33%PT) substrate are theoretically analyzed. It is shown that besides the existence of a shear horizontal (SH) SAW with ultrahigh electromechanical coupling factor K2, a Rayleigh SAW also exists causing strong spurious response. The calculated results showed that the spurious Rayleigh SAW can be sufficiently suppressed by properly selecting electrode and its thickness with optimized rotating angle while maintaining large K2 of SH SAW. The fractional -3 dB bandwidth of 47% is achievable for the ladder type filter constructed by Au IDT/48oYX-PMN-33%PT resonators.
Bandwidth and gain improvement of a crossed slot antenna with metasurface
Authors: Zhou Changfei , Cheung Sing Wai , Li Qinlong , Li Min
Published: May 2017

A wideband metasurfaced (MS) slot antenna is proposed for circularly polarized (CP) operation. The antenna consists of a crossed slot antenna (CSA) and a MS placed at a short distance above the CSA. The CSA has two slots placed in orthogonal positions and with distributed elements to generate two E-fields with 90°-phase difference for CP radiation. A microstrip line is used to single feed the CSA at the center. Simulations and measurements are used to study and design the MS slot antenna. The measured results show that, with the use of the MS, the impedance bandwidth can be increased from 4.24–6.78 GHz (2.54 GHz, 46.1%) to 3.36–6.91 GHz (3.55 GHz, 69.13%), and the axial-ratio bandwidth (ARBW) can be increased from 4.38–4.96 GHz (0.58 GHz, 12.4%) to 3.96–6.02 GHz (2.06 GHz, 41.28%). Within the ARBW, the realized co-polarized gain can be increased by about 3 dB on average.
Fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silages prepared with whole-plant corn (Zea mays L.) and hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw
Authors: Yuan XianJun , Wen AiYou , Wang Jian , Li JunFeng , Desta Seare T. , Undersander D. J. , Shao Tao
Published: May 2017

This study was carried out to assess the effects of adding Lactobacillus plantarum, molasses or/and ethanol on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage, which is well accepted in small-scale dairy farms in Tibet. Total mixed ration were ensiled in laboratory silos (1 L) and treated with (1) no additive (Control), (2) ethanol (E, 25 ml/kg fresh weight (FW)), (3) molasses (M, 30 g/kg FW); (4) Lactobacillus plantarum (L, 106cfu/g FW); (5) ethanol + molasses (EM); and (6) ethanol + Lactobacillus plantarum (EL). After 45 days of ensiling, six silos per treatment were opened for the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility analyses, whereas 18 silos were used for the aerobic stability test for the following 9 days. All TMR silages were well preserved with dominant lactic acid (LA), low pH and ammonia nitrogen, and negligible propionic and butyric acid. The L and EL silages had the lowest pH and highest LA concentrations. The addition of ethanol did not inhibit silage fermentation as there were no significant differences for the pH, LA, acetic acid, negligible propionic acid or ammonia nitrogen content, lactic acid bacteria and yeast counts between Control and the E silage. During the aerobic stability test, pH increased by 1.39, 1.67, 1.69 and 0.74 for the Control, M, L and EM silages, but only 0.40 and 0.34 for E and EL silages, respectively. Upon exposure to air, the LA concentration in the L silage was evidently (P < 0.05) decreased, whereas LA concentration in the EL silage remained the highest value after the third day of aerobic exposure. Mean populations of aerobic bacteria and yeast in the E and EL silages were lower (P < 0.05) than those of the Control. These findings suggested that L. plantarum is effective in improving fermentation quality of TMR silages. Although the addition of ethanol in our study did not depress the fermentation of the TMR silages, it showed potential to inhibit the aerobic spoilage of TMR silages, either alone or in combination with the L. plantarum. It is concluded that L. plantarum combined with ethanol not only ensures better fermentation but also could improve aerobic stability.
Impact of dietary Moringa oleifera leaves on intestinal pathogenic load and histological structure of growing rabbits raised under heat-stress conditions
Authors: El-Badawi A. Y. , El-Wardany I. , El-Moez S. I. Abd , Helal F. I. S. , Ali Nematallah G. M. , Shourrap M. I. , Aboelazab O. M.
Published: May 2017

Forty-five growing New Zealand White (NZW) male rabbits weighed 750.0 ± 5.8 g aged 6 weeks were used in a feeding experiment lasting 56 days. Rabbits were housed in a semi-climatic chamber at a mean ambient temperature of 33.1°C and relative humidity of 43%. The rabbits were placed in three equal groups of five replicates. The first group was fed on free moringa diet (control, R1), while R2 and R3 groups were fed diets supplemented with 0.5% and 1.0% moringa dry leaves respectively. Daily feeds and water were offered ad libitum. At the end of the feeding period, three random animals of each group were slaughtered to investigate intestinal and caecal contents of pathogens and changes of intestinal and caecal tissues. The results indicated that there were no statistical differences among groups concerning daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio; however, slight improvement was noticed with rabbits fed R3. Intestinal microbial load, namely total plate count of Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens and mould, was reduced (P < 0.01) with R2 and R3 diets compared with the control (R1). A similar trend was also noticed on caecal microbial load. Histological examination of jejunum tissues showed clear increases in villus height, villus : crypt ratio and obvious depth of caecal tunica mucosa, which might reveal better absorption of nutrients and microbial metabolites. It could be concluded that rabbits fed moringa-supplemented diets showed better feed conversion and intestinal and caecal histological structure, with clear reduction of gastro-intestinal pathogenic bacterial load under the hot climatic conditions.
An assessment of sire-breed effects on carcass and meat quality traits of lambs at the ages of 40 and 100 days from Comisana ewes crossed with Suffolk or Bergamasca rams
Authors: De Palo Pasquale , Maggiolino Aristide , Centoducati Pasquale , Calzaretti Giovanna , Ceci Edmondo , Tateo Alessandra
Published: May 2017

The aim was to compare lambs at two different ages at slaughter (40 vs 100 days) and three breeds or crossbreeds including an Italian dairy breed (Comisana (Com)) and its crosses with the two meat breeds of Bergamasca (Ber × Com) and Suffolk (Suf × Com) with 20 male lambs per age per breed group. At both slaughter ages, crossbreeds were more productive, with higher liveweight (P = 0.02), carcass weight (P = 0.03) and dressing percentage (P = 0.04) than the Com group. Meat from the younger lambs showed lower C10:0, C14:0 and C22:0 (P < 0.05) and higher C18:1 (P < 0.01) concentrations, resulting in higher monounsaturated fatty acid (P < 0.01) and lower saturated fatty acid (P < 0.01) content. Moreover, their meat has lower redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and chroma (C*) values (P < 0.01). Crossbreeding dairy breed ewes with sires of high meat production breeds improves liveweight and carcass weight. Meat from younger lambs had lower intramuscular fat content and higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acid.
Cloning and functional analysis of a novel x-type high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit with altered cysteine residues from Aegilops umbellulata
Authors: Hou Wenqian , Feng Wei , Yu Guanghui , Du Xuye , Ren Mingjian
Published: May 2017

In common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its relative species, considerable progress has been made in understanding the structure and function of the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS). As a species closely related to wheat, Aegilops umbellulata is an important resource for wheat genetic improvement. In this paper, we report a novel HMW-GS 1Ux3.5 in Aegilops umbellulata Y361. The complete open reading frame (ORF) coding for 1Ux3.5 was cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that the primary structure of 1Ux3.5 was similar to those of previously published HMW-GSs. The 1Ux3.5 possessed an extra cysteine residue in the repetitive domain, indicating that the subunit may be related to excellent dough quality. Subsequently, the single proteins of 1Ux3.5 and 1Dx5 (used as positive control) were purified at a scale sufficient for incorporation into flour for a dough quality test. Both the SDS sedimentation volume and mixograph parameters demonstrated that 1Ux3.5 showed a greater contribution to the dough quality than 1Dx5. Therefore, the 1Ux3.5 subunit from Aegilops umbellulata may have potential value in improving the processing properties of hexaploid wheat varieties.
The FERM protein EPB41L5 regulates actomyosin contractility and focal adhesion formation to maintain the kidney filtration barrier
Authors: Schell Christoph , Rogg Manuel , Suhm Martina , Helmstädter Martin , Sellung Dominik , Yasuda-Yamahara Mako , Kretz Oliver , Küttner Victoria , Suleiman Hani , Kollipara Laxmikanth , Zahedi René P. , Sickmann Albert , Eimer Stefan , Shaw Andrey S. , Kramer-Zucker Albrecht , Hirano-Kobayashi Mariko , Abe Takaya , Aizawa Shinichi , Grahammer Florian , Hartleben Björn , Dengjel Jörn , Huber Tobias B.
Published: May 2017

Significance

Loss of podocyte adhesion is a hallmark of glomerular disease progression. Here we unravel the in vivo composition of the podocyte adhesion machinery by the use of quantitative proteomics and identify the FERM domain protein EPB41L5 as a selectively enriched novel podocyte focal adhesion protein. EPB41L5 is essential to maintaining podocyte adhesion in vivo by recruiting the Rho GEF ARHGEF18, initiating a signaling cascade and ultimately resulting in increased actomyosin activity and focal adhesion stabilization. As EPB41L5 is down-regulated in various glomerular pathologies, these findings offer a perspective for interventions aiming to prevent loss of podocytes in glomerular disease.
Active depinning of bacterial droplets: The collective surfing of
Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Hennes Marc , Tailleur Julien , Charron Gaëlle , Daerr Adrian
Published: May 2017

Significance

How bacteria propagate and colonize new environments is of paramount importance, e.g., to food processing, transport, and storage. In this article, we show that
Bacillus subtilis
can turn millimetric water droplets into vehicles to quickly cover large distances. To this end, they overcome the enormous capillary forces that prevent the sliding of water droplets even on vertical surfaces such as refrigerator walls.
B. subtilis
does so by actively unpinning the surrounding liquid to cause the collective surfing of the entire community on slopes as small as 0.1°. We show this depinning to rely on a variety of mechanisms, which could each be relevant to the motility of microorganisms in partially humid environments such as unsaturated soils.
Iranian Political Satirists
Authors: Farjami Mahmud
Published: May 2017

This volume surveys political satire as a journalistic genre in Iran since the latter days of the Qajar dynasty to the present, thus spanning one century and more. It is an important resource, but it also provides an analysis. Moreover, this volume is a rare effort to answer a question that looks simple but is very complicated: “Why would someone produce satire, knowing that this act might be followed by dangerous consequences?”, and to find out what motivates political satirists. For this aim, nine prominent political satirists have been interviewed: writers and cartoonists, men and women, those who live abroad and those who still live in Iran. The author analyses this data in relation to, among other things, the main theories of humor to provide a descriptive report for each satirist’s motivations as well as the strength of each motivational element in a general comparative context.
The Blue (White and Red) Orchestra:a soundtrack for the country that never was
Authors: Mišina Dalibor
Published: May 2017

The aim of the paper is to go beyond the commonly accepted view of Sarajevo'sPlavi orkestar(The Blue Orchestra) as the 1980s “teen pop-rock sensation” and illuminate the less conspicuous, but nevertheless crucial, political dimension of the band's music and visual aesthetics. This will be done by discussing several “pieces of the puzzle” essential to understanding the background to and motivations behindPlavi orkestar‘s political engagement in the second half of the 1980s: (1) the “Sarajevo factor;” (2) the Sarajevo Pop-rock School and theNew Primitives“poetics of the local;” (3) the generational Yugoslavism; (4) theNew Partisans“poetics of the patriotic;” and (5) thepost-New Partisans“hippie ethos.” The concluding section of the paper will reflect onPlavi orkestar‘s resurgence in 1998 and explore the question of the band's continuing resonance within the post-Yugoslav and post-socialist contexts. An argument underlying the discussion of all of these elements is thatPlavi orkestar'sYugoslavism of the 1980s is best understood as a soundtrack for the country that never was (i.e. a popular-cultural expression of what, from the viewpoint of a particular generational cohort and its location in the “Yugoslav socialist universe,” the community they thought of as their own ought to have been but never really was), and that the current value of this soundtrack lies in offering not only a particular window into the pre-post-socialist past but also in being a symbolic referent for a certain kind of retrospective Utopia that gauges the realities of the post-socialist – that is, neo-liberal capitalist – present and, in so doing, figures as a “normative compass” for the life of dignified existence.
Georgia in-between: religion in public schools
Authors: Gurchiani Ketevan
Published: May 2017

Based on ethnographic fieldwork in a Georgian village and supplemented by a range of interviews and observations from different parts of Georgia, this paper explores the creative presence of religion in public schools. In 2005 and in line with the strong secularization and modernization discourse, the Georgian parliament passed a new law on education, restricting the teaching of religion in public schools and separating religious organizations and public schools; nevertheless, mainstream Orthodox Christianity is widely practiced in schools. The paper aims to show how Georgians use religious spaces in secular institutions to practice their identity, to perform being “true Georgians.” At the same time, they are adopting a strong secularization and modernization discourse. By doing so they create a new space, a third space, marked by in-betweenness. The study uses the theoretical lens of Thirdspace for analyzing the hybridity, the in-betweenness of practices and attitudes inherent for politics, religion, and everyday life of Georgians.
The dangerousness of mountain recreation: A quantitative overview of fatal and non‐fatal accidents in France
Authors: Soulé Bastien , Lefèvre Brice , Boutroy Eric
Published: May 2017

In France, there is a growing enthusiasm for outdoor sports and recreation. In the meantime, the risk of both severe and frequent injury associated with active pursuits in mountain areas is acknowledged. This paper tackles accidents related to mountain sports, with a focus on three critical activities: hiking, mountaineering and ski touring. The aim consists of estimating the actual number of accidents (whether they entailed deaths or injuries) in the three above‐mentioned activities. In order to align the information collected, then provide estimations based on the reasoned crossing of these secondary data, we consulted and summarised all the databases available on the French territory. Results address the trauma‐related mortality in absolute values, and a comparison with the death rate of other sports. The calculation of a mortality index, including secondary mortality, is then provided. Elements of mountain sports accidentality are also presented, intending to clarify how many casualities occur each year in the French mountains. Last, a focus on the particularities of each mountain sport is provided.
Analysis of extracellular RNA in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Saugstad Julie A. , Lusardi Theresa A. , Van Keuren‐Jensen Kendall R. , Phillips Jay I. , Lind Babett , Harrington Christina A. , McFarland Trevor J. , Courtright Amanda L. , Reiman Rebecca A. , Yeri Ashish S. , Kalani M. Yashar S. , Adelson P. David , Arango Jorge , Nolan John P. , Duggan Erika , Messer Karen , Akers Johnny C. , Galasko Douglas R. , Quinn Joseph F. , Carter Bob S. , Hochberg Fred H.
Published: May 2017

We examined the extracellular vesicle (EV) and RNA composition of pooled normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and CSF from five major neurological disorders: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), low‐grade glioma (LGG), glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), representing neurodegenerative disease, cancer, and severe acute brain injury. We evaluated: (I) size and quantity of EVs by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and vesicle flow cytometry (VFC), (II) RNA yield and purity using four RNA isolation kits, (III) replication of RNA yields within and between laboratories, and (IV) composition of total and EV RNAs by reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and RNA sequencing (RNASeq). The CSF contained ~106 EVs/μL by NTA and VFC. Brain tumour and SAH CSF contained more EVs and RNA relative to normal, AD, and PD. RT‐qPCR and RNASeq identified disease‐related populations of microRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) relative to normal CSF, in both total and EV fractions. This work presents relevant measures selected to inform the design of subsequent replicative CSF studies. The range of neurological diseases highlights variations in total and EV RNA content due to disease or collection site, revealing critical considerations guiding the selection of appropriate approaches and controls for CSF studies.
DNA replication timing influences gene expression level
Authors: Müller Carolin A. , Nieduszynski Conrad A.
Published: May 2017

Eukaryotic genomes are replicated in a reproducible temporal order; however, the physiological significance is poorly understood. We compared replication timing in divergent yeast species and identified genomic features with conserved replication times. Histone genes were among the earliest replicating loci in all species. We specifically delayed the replication of HTA1-HTB1 and discovered that this halved the expression of these histone genes. Finally, we showed that histone and cell cycle genes in general are exempt from Rtt109-dependent dosage compensation, suggesting the existence of pathways excluding specific loci from dosage compensation mechanisms. Thus, we have uncovered one of the first physiological requirements for regulated replication time and demonstrated a direct link between replication timing and gene expression.
An evolutionary perspective on cell migration: Digging for the roots of amoeboid motility
Authors: Titus Margaret A. , Goodson Holly V.
Published: May 2017

Fritz-Laylin et al. (2017. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201701074) take advantage of the deep knowledge of mechanisms of actin-based motility and a growing number of sequenced genomes across the tree of life to gain insight into the machinery needed for pseudopod-based amoeboid motility and how it evolved.
Formal groups and congruences
Authors: Vlasenko Masha
Published: May 2017

We give a criterion of integrality of a one-dimensional formal group law in terms of congruences satisfied by the coefficients of the canonical invariant differential. For an integral formal group law a

p
p

-adic analytic formula for the local characteristic polynomial at

p
p

is given. We demonstrate applications of our results to formal group laws attached to

L
L

-functions, Artin–Mazur formal groups of algebraic varieties and hypergeometric formal group laws.

This paper was written with the intention to give an explicit and self-contained introduction to the arithmetic of formal group laws, which would be suitable for non-experts. For this reason we consider only one-dimensional laws, though a generalization of our approach to higher dimensions is clearly possible. The ideas of congruences and

p
p

-adic continuity in the context of formal groups were considered by many authors. We sketch the relation of our results to the existing literature in a separate paragraph at the end of the introductory section.
Surgical Treatment vs Nonsurgical Treatment for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations in Patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Retrospective Multicenter Consortium Study
Authors: Meybodi Ali Tayebi , Kim Helen , Nelson Jeffrey , Hetts Steven W , Krings Timo , terBrugge Karel G , Faughnan Marie E , Lawton Michael T ,   On Behalf Of The Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium HHT Investigator Group
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are common in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). However, due to the rarity of HHT and little published evidence of outcomes from management of brain AVMs in this disease, current international HHT guidelines recommend an individualized approach. Specifically, the outcomes for surgical vs nonsurgical management of these lesions have not been reported to date.

OBJECTIVE

To report long-term outcomes of surgical resection of brain AVMs in HHT patients compared to outcomes in nonsurgically treated patients.

METHODS

From the database of the Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium HHT project, 19 patients with 20 resected AVMs (group 1) and 22 patients with 33 AVMs who received nonsurgical treatment (group 2) were studied. The groups were retrospectively reviewed for changes in functional status (modified Rankin Scale score) during the follow-up period.

RESULTS

During the follow-up period, 9% of patients in group 1 suffered from worsening of functional status, whereas this figure was 16% for group 2 (P > .05). Functional outcomes were not statistically different between the 2 groups at the latest follow-up (P > .05).

CONCLUSION

HHT patients treated surgically for brain AVMs appear to have long-term functional outcomes comparable to nonsurgical (including observational) therapy with fewer unfavorable outcomes. It is therefore reasonable to consider surgical resection as a management option in the multidisciplinary team's individualized treatment strategy for HHT patients with brain AVMs.
Thalamic Glioblastoma: Clinical Presentation, Management Strategies, and Outcomes
Authors: Esquenazi Yoshua , Moussazadeh Nelson , Link Thomas W , Hovinga Koos E , Reiner Anne S , DiStefano Natalie M , Brennan Cameron , Gutin Philip , Tabar Viviane
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

Thalamic glioblastomas (GBMs) represent a significant neurosurgical challenge. In view of the low incidence of these tumors, outcome data and management strategies are not well defined.

OBJECTIVE

To identify the natural history and factors associated with survival in patients with thalamic glioblastoma.

METHODS

A retrospective review of all patients with thalamic glioblastoma over a 10-yr period was performed. Presenting clinical, radiological, and outcome data were collected. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare clinical characteristics across tumor groups. Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to investigate variables of interest with regard to overall survival.

RESULTS

Fifty-seven patients met inclusion criteria, with a median age of 53 and median Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score of 80. The most common presenting symptoms were weakness, confusion, and headache. Hydrocephalus was present in 47% of patients preoperatively. Stereotactic biopsy was performed in 47 cases, and 10 patients underwent craniotomy. The median overall survival was 12.2 mo. Higher KPS, younger age, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion were correlated with better overall survival univariately, respectively, while the presence of language deficits at initial presentation was associated with poorer survival. In multivariate analysis, the only significant predictor of survival was presenting KPS.

CONCLUSION

The overall survival of patients with thalamic glioblastoma is comparable to unresectable lobar supratentorial GBMs. Younger patients and those with good presenting functional status had improved survival. Midbrain involvement by the tumor is not a negative prognostic factor. Improved therapies are needed, and patients should be considered for early trial involvement and aggressive upfront therapy.
Fei-Fei Li: Artificial Intelligence is on its way to reshape the world
Authors: Zeng Yi , Wang Ling
Published: May 2017

Fei-Fei Li, a well-known scientist focusing on computer vision and Artificial Intelligence (AI), did not expect such zeal in China about AI. During her last visit to Beijing, the professor of Stanford University drew much attention from both academy and industry here; NSR took the opportunity to interview Professor Li. She points out that, although the neural network has made marvelous advances in the past 15–20 years, there are still enormous challenges ahead. On the one hand, computational models for AI, such as many current deep neural networks, have theoretical bottlenecks to resolve, such as interpretability and explainability; on the other hand, AI should offer more in solving societal problems and in accelerating innovation in industries such as healthcare, traffic control and agriculture. This would be a more practical way to realize the potential and speed up the advancement of AI. Moreover, Prof. Li is interested but cautious about Artificial General Intelligence (AGI).
Galen
Authors: Boudon-Millot Véronique
Published: May 2017

After remaining for a long time in Hippocrates’ shadow, the Galenic corpus has attracted considerable scholarly attention since the 1970s. Born in Pergamum, Roman Asia Minor, in 129 ce, Galen was the most influential physician in antiquity after Hippocrates of Cos (flourished c. 425 bce) and considered himself to be the latter’s legitimate heir. His tremendous impact on the medical world and the wide circulation of his works until the modern era contrast with the way he then faded into a relative obscurity. Galen spent his career mainly in Rome during the reigns of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, Commodus, and Septimius Severus and described himself as both a physician and a philosopher. He was the author of nearly 150 treatises (one-eighth of the entire preserved Greek literature) covering all fields of medicine (anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and therapeutics) without neglecting hygiene, gymnastics, or cosmetics, and other treatises on philosophy, logic, ethics, and the vocabulary of comedy. An important part of his work consisted of commentaries on the main Hippocratic treatises. After the Galenic corpus became a standard in medical education in late Byzantine Alexandria, interest in Galen’s works slowly ebbed, so that by the French Revolution in 1789 Galen had taken a lesser place in medical education than Hippocrates, although some medical schools still taught Galen in translation, most often in Latin. Thus it was not until the 1970s that a full resurgence took hold among medical historians, students of Greek and Roman history, and classical philologists: numerous studies are now available on Galen and Galenic medicine, and this renewed interest has led to fresh discoveries of basically unknown tracts in manuscript holdings. Since the 1980s, thanks to philologists’ constant curiosity about his works, numerous studies were produced and they led to important discoveries as well as to significant renewal of our knowledge of the Galenic corpus. Although a large part of this huge corpus still remains to be translated into a modern language, Galen’s work is finally beginning to receive the attention it deserves from medical doctors, philosophers, historians of medicine, and archeologists.
Classics and Dance
Authors: Macintosh Fiona
Published: May 2017

The impact of ancient Greek and Roman dance on modern dance has been perceptible since at least the 15th century. While classical reception in dance is now recognized as a sub-category within dance studies and a serious dimension to classical performance reception, previously this interrelationship, if acknowledged at all, was generally discussed in terms of modern dance’s regular dependence on Greco-Roman myth for its subject matter rather than with reference to any systematic formal links. However, with the recent interest in ancient pantomime scholarly attention has been given to the ancient origins of modern ballet, ballet d’action, which in the first decades of the 18th century took its cues from Roman pantomime. In the first decade of the 18th century, the synthesis of the arts began to unravel and dance was no longer allied to opera or spoken theatrical entertainment. It now had to find its own genealogy and Aristotle’s idea of dance as mimetic action, combined with treatises on Roman pantomime (itself a direct descendent of Greek tragedy), provided the theoretical underpinning for the 18th-century ballets d’action. Dance was to follow the ancients in having something important to say; and Greek tragic drama was realized in 18th-century danced drama without the aid of either speech or (unlike ancient pantomime) song. By the last quarter of the 18th century, ballet had acquired sufficient status to become a high cultural art form sui generis; and it had done so with the ancient example as both guide and legitimizing authority. Ballet, like other performance arts, depends very much on its genealogy: not least because its major stars very often belong to dancing dynasties. Ballet continued to look back to antiquity, but with the decline in the status of the dancer in the 19th century the links with antiquity were often deliberately suppressed. However, by the end of the century, and especially following Nietzsche’s The Birth of Tragedy out of the Spirit of Music (1872), where the singing/dancing chorus was restored to discussions on tragedy, Greek dance finally began to attract attention among scholars and artists alike. The aim of this bibliography is to trace this perceived, occasionally actual and tactical, but very often suppressed, debt to ancient dance in the modern world from the 15th century down to the present day, focusing on the individual dancer, dancing collectivities, and their relationship to scholarship.
Effects of Dams on Rivers
Authors: Wilcox Andrew
Published: May 2017

The focus of this annotated bibliography is on the physical and Ecological Effects of dams on rivers. Thousands of papers have been published on the topics addressed here; this bibliography therefore only provides an introduction to the literature and identifies some key papers, although many important works beyond those annotated here have been published. The bibliography is divided into the following subsections: General Overviews, Special Issues, Geomorphic Effects, Sediment Issues, Hydrologic Effects, Ecological Effects, Riparian Vegetation effects, US Case Studies, International Studies, environmental flows, and Other Dam Effects Topics. Many of the papers included here could fit under more than one subheading; for example, studies of dam effects typically consider hydrologic effects and some combination of associated geomorphic and/or ecological effects. The following topics are, for the most part, not addressed here, although some of the individual papers may address some of these issues as part of broader studies of dam effects: social effects, human health, economics, river response to dam removal, and effects of beaver dams.
Exemplar-Based Models in Linguistics
Authors: Kaplan Abby
Published: May 2017

Exemplar theory is not a single theory, but rather a family of related approaches to understanding linguistic systems. Exemplar-based approaches entered the field of linguistics from psychology and have attracted increasing attention since the 1990s. Research that explicitly adopts the label of exemplar theory is highly diverse, but typically shares at least some of the following basic assumptions: (1) Linguistic knowledge does not consist of abstract generalizations but rather of a large number of specific remembered linguistic experiences (“exemplars”). A linguistic unit, such as a word, consists of a cloud of exemplars. (2) These exemplars do not consist (only) of discrete abstract units, but of rich phonetic detail, and of information about the extra-linguistic context in which they were experienced. (3) Exemplars may consist of more than just morphemes (the traditional unit of lexical storage); whole words and even whole phrases or utterances may be stored. (4) Generalizations about words and other units arise from the central tendencies of the clouds of exemplars associated with them. Research on exemplar theory is proceeding on two major fronts. First, computational implementations of specific exemplar models allow researchers to explore precisely what types of linguistic behavior these models predict. Second, empirical work tests how well actual linguistic patterns do, or do not, match exemplar-based predictions. Exemplar theory has attracted attention both in traditionally formalist/symbolic fields such as phonology—where one topic of lively ongoing research is whether, and to what extent, “pure” exemplar models should be supplemented with more abstract knowledge—and in sociolinguistics; many researchers find exemplar models attractive because they have the potential to unify social and nonsocial sources of variation with a single mechanism.
Jean Renoir
Authors: Faulkner Chris
Published: May 2017

Few filmmakers are more world renowned than Jean Renoir (b. 1894–d. 1979), who directed thirty-seven films in five countries and on three continents between 1924 and 1979. There are more than one hundred books and many hundreds of articles in numerous languages about Renoir’s life and career. His career can be divided into four stages: a silent period from 1924 to 1929, when he made nine films (one of which is lost), including Nana 1926; his most prolific years in France between 1931 and 1939 when he made fifteen films, among which are his most celebrated, La Chienne (1931), Toni (1936), Le Crime de M. Lange (1936), Partie de campagne/Day in the Country (1946) (1936, released 1946), La Grande Illusion/Grand Illusion (1937), La Bête humaine/The Human Beast (1938), and La Règle du jeu/The Rules of the Game (1939); an American period from 1941 to 1948 comprising five features and a short informational film, during which his best known work was The Southerner (1945); and, an international period from 1951 to 1969 of eight films made in India, Italy, Austria, and France, which saw the production of The River (1951), The Golden Coach (1953), and French Cancan (1955). The critical literature on Renoir’s life and career is vast. There are three biographies, scores of Interviews in various languages, and dozens of critical studies, including single-authored works and Edited Collections of essays, with more than twenty books to date on La Règle du jeu alone. In addition to the Screenplays for his films, most of which he wrote or co-wrote, Renoir was a prolific writer, with more than two hundred articles to his credit; an autobiography; a biography of his father, the Impressionist painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir (b. 1841–d. 1919); four novels, and two plays. There are also two collections of his letters. Renoir was championed by Cahiers du cinéma from January 1952, and, under the influence of André Bazin, its young critics—among whom were François Truffaut, Jean-Luc Godard, Eric Rohmer, and Jacques Rivette—became staunch defenders and promoters of his films and career. Bazin and the Cahiers critics considered Renoir an exemplary auteur. However, they neglected the social dimension of Renoir’s work and skirted entirely his left-wing political activism during the 1930s. Major archival resources for students of Renoir are to be found at the Cinémathèque française in Paris and at the Special Collections Library at the University of California, Los Angeles. High-quality DVDs, many with informed commentaries and essays, exist for the major films.
Holocaust Cinema
Authors: Gershenson Olga
Published: May 2017

The study of Holocaust representation in cinema is located at the intersection of film studies and Holocaust studies. The scope of issues dealt with in the field is defined by two sets of tensions: first, tensions between history and narrative, and second between Eastern and Western understanding of the Holocaust. The tension between history and narrative emerges in response to the famous dictum by Adorno that there is no poetry after Auschwitz. The filmmakers—and the scholars studying their films—must engage with the thorny questions about the representability of atrocities on screens. Consequently, a body of scholarship, grounded in the theories of visual culture and psychanalytical theory focuses on the challenges of portraying tragic history authentically and in ways that honors the victims. The question is to what extent can historical facts be fictionalized, and which genres of fiction and documentary are appropriate. Specifically debated is the representation of the Holocaust in comedy, fantasy, and other popular genres. Scholarship also deals with questions of memory—how do the cinematic representations reflect and shape our understanding of history and transmission of memory. The second set of tensions emerges as a result of complex history both during World War II and the Cold War, which divided the world into the “West”—including the United States, Western Europe, and Israel, vis-a-vis the “East,” that is, the Soviet bloc. Under Soviet rule, the story of the Holocaust was largely subsumed into that of the “Great Patriotic War,” silencing the fact that its victims were Jews. Consequently, representation of the Holocaust in Soviet and other East European national cinemas was censored. Alternatively, the Western narrative of the Holocaust was mainly concerned with stories of Nazi concentration and death camps, obfuscating the history of the Holocaust in the Soviet territories. Only recently has the Western historical narrative of the Holocaust started turning to the East and film scholarship expanded its focus to include Soviet and Soviet-bloc national cinemas. This scholarship also asks questions of representation, but mainly in the context of censorship and suppression, as well as of comparative analysis of the visual culture of the Holocaust in national cinemas. Such scholarship uncovers hitherto unknown films and also analyzes the Eastern and Western narratives of the Holocaust in the post–Cold War era. Finally, some scholarship on Holocaust films is also concerned with periodization, that is, discussing films in the context of the historical period in which they were produced and circulated, whether in a particular national context or comparatively. This bibliography makes note of periods, from early Holocaust cinema to current films.