bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
500 nm induced tunable syngas synthesis from CO2photoreduction by controlling heterojunction concentration
Authors: Qiu Conghui , Hao Xiaojie , Tan Ling , Wang Xian , Cao Wenjing , Liu Junyan , Zhao Yufei , Song Yu-Fei
Published: April 2020

CO2photoreduction to tunable syngas on a CoAl-LDH/MoS2heterostructure with different catalyst concentrations under irradiation above 400 nm.
A method for designing a novel class of gold-containing molecules
Authors: Celaya Christian A. , Orozco-Ic Mesías , Dimitrova Maria , Wirz Lukas N. , Sundholm Dage
Published: April 2020

Designing gold-containing molecules by using all-carbon graphyne-like structures as template.
Gold nanoparticles decorated carbon nitride nanosheets as a coreactant regulate the conversion of the dual-potential electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+ for Hg2+ detection
Authors: Cao Shu-Ping , Luo Qiu-Xia , Li Ya-Jie , Liang Ru-Ping , Qiu Jian-Ding
Published: April 2020

Dual-potential electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+ for Hg2+ assay using Au–g-C3N4 NSs as on-electrode coreactant.
HF promoted increased nitrogen doping in TiO2(B) photocatalyst
Authors: Yin Zhiguang , Wang Zihao , Wang Jiani , Wang Xinyu , Song Tingting , Wang Zenglin , Ma Yi
Published: April 2020

Increased nitrogen doping in TiO2(B) was achieved via a facile pretreatment of HF followed by an annealing process in NH3.
Controlled release of the guest molecule via borate formation of a fluorinated boronic ester cage
Authors: Takata Hisatsugu , Ono Kosuke , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: April 2020

A fluorine-substituted boronic ester cage exhibits stimuli-responsive guest-release behavior and makes it possible to control the guest release rate using simple amines by forming tetrahedral borates.
Correction: Iridium-catalyzed C–H amidation of s-tetrazines
Authors: Xiong Huan , Gu Yuang , Zhang Shuning , Lu Fengping , Ji Qun , Liu Lili , Ma Peixiang , Yang Guang , Hou Wei , Xu Hongtao
Published: April 2020

Correction for ‘Iridium-catalyzed C–H amidation of s-tetrazines’ by Huan Xiong et al., Chem. Commun., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01647k.
Biological activity tuning of antibacterial urotropineviaco-crystallization: synthesis, biological activity evaluation and computational insight
Authors: Tabassum Nida , Varras Panayiotis C. , Arshad Fiza , Choudhary Muhammad I. , Yousuf Sammer
Published: April 2020

Urotropine (1) is a synthetic heterocyclic antibacterial agent.
Controllable synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence properties of flower-like BaMoO4 hierarchical architectures
Authors: Mao YuQin , Wei JianGang , Zou Yongjin , Zhu LuPing
Published: April 2020

Flower-like BaMoO4 hierarchical architectures were prepared by a facile solvothermal method. A nucleation–oriented attachment–assembly–Ostwald ripening mechanism is presented for the formation of the BaMoO4 samples.
Reaction mechanism, energetics, and kinetics of the water-assisted thioformaldehyde + ˙OH reaction and the fate of its product radical under tropospheric conditions
Authors: Arathala Parandaman , Katz Mark , Musah Rabi A.
Published: April 2020

The reaction of thioformaldehyde with OH radical assisted by a single water molecule in the atmosphere is negligible.
Peptidomimetic toolbox for drug discovery
Authors: Lenci Elena , Trabocchi Andrea
Published: April 2020

Local modifications, secondary structure mimetics and global restrictions are useful synthetic tools for peptidomimetic design.
Slow magnetic relaxation and water oxidation activity of dinuclear CoIICoIII and unique triangular CoIICoIICoIII mixed-valence complexes
Authors: Modak Ritwik , Mondal Biswajit , Sikdar Yeasin , Banerjee Jayisha , Colacio Enrique , Oyarzabal Itziar , Cano Joan , Goswami Sanchita
Published: April 2020

Mixed valence cobalt based coordination compounds acting as single ion magnets and water oxidation catalysts.
Enhancing the thermoelectric performance of Sn0.5Ge0.5Te via doping with Sb/Bi and alloying with Cu2Te: Optimization of transport properties and thermal conductivities
Authors: Song Shaochang , Lo Chun-Wan Timothy , Aminzare Masoud , Tseng Yu-Chih , Valiyaveettil Suneesh Meledath , Mozharivskyj Yurij
Published: April 2020

SnTe-based thermoelectric materials are studied as potential substitutes for PbTe. Ge and Bi substitutions combined with the Cu2Te alloying can significantly improve thermoelectric properties of SnTe as shown for (Sn0.5Ge0.5)0.91Bi0.06Te(Cu2Te)0.05.
Fluorescent iridium(iii) coumarin-salicylaldehyde Schiff base compounds as lysosome-targeted antitumor agents
Authors: Liu Cong , Liu Xicheng , Ge Xingxing , Wang Qinghui , Zhang Lei , Shang Wenjing , Zhang Yue , Yuan Xiang Ai , Tian Laijin , Liu Zhe , You Jinmao
Published: April 2020

Fluorescent iridium(iii) coumarin-salicylaldehyde Schiff base antitumor compounds change the ROS and ΔΨm, induce lysosomal damage, and lead to apoptosis.
Intermediates and products of the reaction of Zn(ii) organyls with tetrel elementZintlions: cluster extensionversuscomplexation
Authors: Wallach C. , Mayer K. , Henneberger T. , Klein W. , Fässler T. F.
Published: April 2020

Upon reactions ofZintlions with Zn(ii) organyls various Zn-Zintlclusters as well as Zn-amide intermediates were isolated.
Emerging investigator series: activated sludge upon antibiotic shock loading: mechanistic description of functional stability and microbial community dynamics
Authors: Oh Seungdae , Choi Donggeon
Published: April 2020

Elucidating the functional stability upon environmental stressors is of great practical importance for managing the system performance of various environmental biological processes (e.g., activated sludge).
A biomass pretreatment using cellulose-derived solvent Cyrene
Authors: Meng Xianzhi , Pu Yunqiao , Li Mi , Ragauskas Arthur J.
Published: April 2020

To fulfill the sustainability criteria of future biorefineries, a novel renewable biomass pretreatment using Cyrene was developed for the first time.
Atomic fluorescence spectrometry for ultrasensitive determination of bismuth based on hydride generation – the role of excitation source, interference filter and flame atomizers
Authors: Štádlerová Barbora , Kolrosová Marta , Dědina Jiří , Musil Stanislav
Published: April 2020

A method of highly sensitive bismuth determination by hydride generation coupled with in-house assembled non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry was developed.
Hybrid paper and 3D-printed microfluidic device for electrochemical detection of Ag nanoparticle labels
Authors: Walgama Charuksha , Nguyen Michael P. , Boatner Lisa M. , Richards Ian , Crooks Richard M.
Published: April 2020

A hybrid paper/plastic microfluidic device for detection of Ag nanoparticle labels at concentrations as low as 12 pM.
One-pot synthesis of cobalt–rhenium nanoparticles taking the unusual β-Mn type structure
Authors: Zacharaki Eirini , Bremmer G. Marien , Vajeeston Ponniah , Kalyva Maria , Fjellvåg Helmer , Kooyman Patricia J. , Sjåstad Anja O.
Published: April 2020

Monodisperse Co1−xRex nanoparticles with the β-Mn structure and excellent control of Re stoichiometry can be obtained for x < 0.15, using a facile one-pot colloidal method.
Glucose-derived porous carbon as a highly efficient and low-cost counter electrode for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Long Guoqiang , Li Wenhua , Luo Wanyue , Chen Qianqiao , Zhong Qin
Published: April 2020

The power conversion efficiency of the QDSCs assembled with a CdS/CdSe sensitized TiO2 photoanode and the C900 CE is up to 5.61% under one sun illumination.
Ultrafast synthesis of magnetic hollow carbon nanospheres for the adsorption of quinoline from coking wastewater
Authors: Cui Yan , Kang Weiwei , Qin Lei , Ma Jinghong , Liu Xuguang , Yang Yongzhen
Published: April 2020

Magnetic hollow carbon nanospheres (MHCNSs) with a uniform particle size (40 nm) were ultrafast synthesized for removing quinoline from coking wastewater.
Imaging and quantification of charged domain walls in BiFeO3
Authors: Campanini Marco , Gradauskaite Elzbieta , Trassin Morgan , Yi Di , Yu Pu , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Erni Rolf , Rossell Marta D.
Published: April 2020

Combining different scanning probe microscopies, we image and quantify the density of charged defects in BiFeO3 conductive tail-to-tail domain walls.
Gap state distribution and Fermi level pinning in monolayer to multilayer MoS2 field effect transistors
Authors: Dagan Ronen , Vaknin Yonatan , Rosenwaks Yossi
Published: April 2020

Gap states and Fermi level pinning play an important role in all semiconductor devices, but even more in transition metal dichalcogenide-based devices due to their high surface to volume ratio and the absence of intralayer dangling bonds.
Neuron-like cell differentiation of hADSCs promoted by a copper sulfide nanostructure mediated plasmonic effect driven by near-infrared light
Authors: Zhang Shan , Hao Min , Gao Wenqiang , Liu Feng , Duan Jiazhi , Kong Ying , Liu Duo , Liu Hong
Published: April 2020

Neuron-like cell differentiation of hADSCs promoted by a CuS nanostructure mediated plasmonic effect driven by near-infrared light.
Highly Z-selective synthesis of 1,3-oxathiol-2-ylidenes and 4-methylene-oxazolidine-2-thiones via atom-specific 5-exo-dig cyclization of propargyl alcohol with isothiocyanate
Authors: Antony Savarimuthu S. , Leo Prakash D. G. , Augustine Thomas S. , Gandhi Thirumanavelan , Bera Mrinal K.
Published: April 2020

The Z-selectivity observed in imine and alkene motifs after 5-exo-dig cyclization of propargyl alcohol and isothiocyanate is rare in the literature and this selectivity can be attributed to electronic and steric factors of the imine and alkene motif respectively.
A one-pot protocol for the fluorosulfonation and Suzuki coupling of phenols and bromophenols, streamlined access to biaryls and terphenyls
Authors: Li Xinmin , Zhang Tingting , Hu Rui , Zhang Hang , Ren Changyue , Yuan Zeli
Published: April 2020

A one-pot protocol for the fluorosulfation and Suzuki coupling of phenols is described.
A domino annulation approach to 3,4-diacylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines: decoration of pyrazine units
Authors: Dagar Anuradha , Seo Yohan , Namkung Wan , Kim Ikyon
Published: April 2020

A new one-pot, sequential three-component access to 3,4-diacylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine was achieved from the reaction of an α-haloketone, azide, and N-substituted pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde under mild reaction conditions.
Improved total synthesis of the antibiotic A54145B
Authors: Chow Hoi Yee , Chen Delin , Li Xuechen
Published: April 2020

An optimized synthetic route of the antibiotic A54145B has been developed in terms of the overall yield and time required.
Direct recognition and sensitive detection of circular RNA with ligation-based PCR
Authors: Zhang Pengbo , Guo Na , Gao Kejian , Su Fengxia , Wang Fangfang , Li Zhengping
Published: April 2020

A sensitive and specific method for circRNA detection is developed through the direct ligation of two ingeniously designed DNA probes.
Correction: Carbazole based Electron Donor Acceptor (EDA) catalysis for the synthesis of biaryl and aryl–heteroaryl compounds
Authors: Saritha Rajendhiran , Annes Sesuraj Babiola , Subramanian Saravanan , Ramesh Subburethinam
Published: April 2020

Correction for ‘Carbazole based Electron Donor Acceptor (EDA) catalysis for the synthesis of biaryl and aryl–heteroaryl compounds’ by Rajendhiran Saritha et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00282h.
Correction: Self-assembled fibrillar networks comprised of a naturally-occurring cyclic peptide—LOB3
Authors: Rogers M. A. , Feng Q. , Ladizhansky V. , Good D. B. , Smith A. K. , Corridini M. , Grahame D. A. S. , Bryksa B. C. , Jadhav P. D. , Sammynaiken S. , Lim L.-T. , Guild B. , Shim Y. Y. , Burnett P.-G. , Reaney M. J. T.
Published: April 2020

Correction for ‘Self-assembled fibrillar networks comprised of a naturally-occurring cyclic peptide—LOB3’ by M. A. Rogers et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 40765–40776.
Spatio-temporal heterogeneities in nanosegregated single-molecule polymeric nanoparticles
Authors: Bačová Petra , Glynos Emmanouil , Anastasiadis Spiros H. , Harmandaris Vagelis
Published: April 2020

Nanoparticles with nanosegregated, dynamically heterogeneous domains can be designed by combining incompatible dynamically asymmetric polymers of different glass transition temperature in a mikto-arm architecture.
An analytical method to characterize the crystal structure of layered double hydroxides: synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical studies of zinc-based LDH nanoplates
Authors: Chung Jiyong , Lee Jaeyoung , Kim Jae Kyeom , Kim Minseong , Lee Kug-Seung , Kim Seung-Joo , Lee Min Hyung , Yu Taekyung
Published: April 2020

Due to their unique soft and complex structure, it has been difficult to analyze the exact crystal structure of layered double hydroxides (LDHs), which has been a major obstacle to understanding and improving the catalytic properties of LDHs.
Recent advances in nanostructured intermetallic electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion reactions
Authors: Kim Ho Young , Joo Sang Hoon
Published: April 2020

This review summarises recent advances in the synthesis and electrocatalytic application of intermetallic nanostructures.
Fast cation exchange of layered sodium transition metal oxides for boosting oxygen evolution activity and enhancing durability
Authors: Chu Shiyong , Guan Daqin , Sun Hainan , Fei Liangshuang , Hu Zhiwei , Lin Hong-Ji , Weng Shih-Chang , Chen Chien-Te , Ran Ran , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping
Published: April 2020

Anex situultra-fast cation exchange strategy to develop superior OER electrocatalysts with outstanding catalytic performance is developed.
Engineering yolk–shell P-doped NiS2/C spheres via a MOF-template for high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Liqin , Han Zhanli , Zhao Quanqing , Yao Xiuyun , Zhu Youqi , Ma Xilan , Wu Shide , Cao Chuanbao
Published: April 2020

The stable yolk–shell P-doped NiS2/C spheres were successfully fabricated via MOFs template, and first adopted phytic acid as P source. Due to the unique framework and synergistic effect, P-doped NiS2/C sample displayed high sodium storage capacity.
Silencing of lncRNA 6030408B16RIK prevents ultrafiltration failure in peritoneal dialysis via microRNA-326-3p-mediated WISP2 down-regulation
Authors: Wang Zhikui , Zhou Zhongqi , Ji Wenjie , Sun Lina , Man Yulin , Wang Jifeng , Zhang Hongjuan
Published: April 2020

Continuous exposure to peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluid results in peritoneal fibrosis and ultimately causes ultrafiltration failure. Noncoding RNAs, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), have been reported to participate in ultrafiltration failure in PD. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the mechanism of lncRNA 6030408B16RIK in association with miR-326-3p in ultrafiltration failure in PD. Peritoneal tissues were collected from uremic patients with or without PD. A uremic rat model with PD was first established by 5/6 nephrectomy. The relationship between lncRNA 6030408B16RIK, miR-326-3p and WISP2 was identified using luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down and RIP assays. After ectopic expression and depletion treatments in cells, expression of α-SMA, phosphorylated β-catenin, FSP1, E-cadherin and Vimentin was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses, and Collagen III and CD31 expression by immunohistochemistry. Ultrafiltration volume and glucose transport capacity were assessed by the peritoneal equilibration test. Expression of lncRNA 6030408B16RIK and WISP2 was up-regulated and miR-326-3p expression was poor in peritoneal tissues of uremic PD patients and model rats. LncRNA 6030408B16RIK competitively bound to miR-326-3p and then elevated WISP2 expression. Silencing of lncRNA 6030408B16RIK and WISP2 or overexpression of miR-326-3p was shown to decrease the expression of α-SMA, phosphorylated β-catenin, FSP1, Vimentin, Collagen III and CD31, while reducing glucose transport capacity and increasing E-cadherin expression and ultrafiltration volume in uremic PD rats. In summary, lncRNA 6030408B16RIK silencing exerts an anti-fibrotic effect on uremic PD rats with ultrafiltration failure by inactivating the WISP2-dependent Wnt/β-catenin pathway via miR-326-3p.
Circadian neuronal networks
Authors: Özkaya Özge , Rosato Ezio
Published: April 2020

Whatever you were doing just before reading this, walking to work, drinking a coffee after lunch or winding down in the evening in your favourite armchair, it is likely you will do it again tomorrow, more or less at the same time. This daily cycle is a reflection of the fact that we live in a 24-hour environment that, through rhythmic changes in light, temperature and social interactions, imposes temporal constraints on our lives. However, we do not simply react to those daily changes; rather, we anticipate them and behave accordingly.
MEHP interferes with mitochondrial functions and homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Chen Yi-Huan , Wu Yi-Ju , Chen Wei-Cheng , Lee Tzong-Shyuan , Tsou Tsui-Chun , Chang Hsuan-Chia , Lo Sheng-Wen , Chen Shen-Liang
Published: April 2020

Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer frequently leached out from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products and is quickly metabolized to its monoester equivalent mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) once enters organisms. Exposure to DEHP/MEHP through food chain intake has been shown to modified metabolism but its effect on the development of metabolic myopathy of skeletal muscle (SKM) has not been revealed so far. Here, we found that MEHP repressed myogenic terminal differentiation of proliferating myoblasts (PMB) and confluent myoblasts (CMB) but had weak effect on this process once it had been initiated. The transition of mitochondria (MITO) morphology from high efficient filamentary network to low efficient vesicles was triggered by MEHP, implying its negative effects on MITO functions. The impaired MITO functions was further demonstrated by reduced MITO DNA (mtDNA) level and SDH enzyme activity as well as highly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells after MEHP treatment. The expression of metabolic genes, including PDK4, CPT1b, UCP2, and HO1, was highly increased by MEHP and the promoters of PDK4 and CPT1b were also activated by MEHP. Additionally, the stability of some subunits in the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) complexes was found to be reduced by MEHP, implying defective oxidative metabolism in MITO and which was confirmed by repressed palmitic acid oxidation in MEHP-treated cells. Besides, MEHP also blocked insulin-induced glucose uptake. Taken together, our results suggest that MEHP is inhibitory to myogenesis and is harmful to MITO functions in SKM, so its exposure should be avoided or limited.
Explicit Grammatical Intervention for Developmental Language Disorder: Three Approaches
Authors: Balthazar Catherine H. , Ebbels Susan , Zwitserlood Rob
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This article summarizes the shared principles and evidence underpinning methods employed in the three sentence-level (syntactic) grammatical intervention approaches developed by the authors. We discuss associated clinical resources and map a way forward for clinically useful research in this area.

Method

We provide an overview of the principles and perspectives that are common across our three syntactic intervention approaches: MetaTaal (Zwitserlood, 2015; Zwitserlood, Wijnen, et al., 2015), the SHAPE CODING™ system (Ebbels, 2007; Ebbels et al., 2014, 2007), and Complex Sentence Intervention (Balthazar & Scott, 2017, 2018). A description of each approach provides examples and summarizes current evidence supporting effectiveness for children with developmental language disorder ranging in age from 5 to 16 years. We suggest promising directions for future research that will advance our understanding of effective practices and support more widespread adoption of syntactic interventions with school-age children.

Conclusion

In each approach to syntactic intervention, careful and detailed analysis of grammatical knowledge is used to support target selection. Intervention targets are explicitly described and presented systematically using multimodal representations within engaging and functional activities. Treatment stimuli are varied within a target pattern in order to maximize learning. Similar intervention intervals and intensities have been studied and proven clinically feasible and have produced measurable effects. We identify a need for more research evidence to maximize the effectiveness of our grammatical interventions, encompassing languages other than English, as well as practical clinical tools to guide target selection, measurement of outcomes, and decisions about how to tailor interventions to individual needs.
PKC‐PC: A variant of the McEliece public‐key cryptosystem based on polar codes
Authors: Hooshmand Reza , Koochak Shooshtari Masoumeh , Reza Aref Mohammad
Published: April 2020

Polar codes are novel and efficient error‐correcting codes with low encoding and decoding complexities. These codes have a channel‐dependent generator matrix, which is determined by the code dimension, code length and transmission channel parameters. A variant of the McEliece public‐key cryptosystem based on polar codes, called the PKC‐PC, is studied. Since the structure of the polar codes’ generator matrix depends on the parameters of the channel, the authors have used an efficient approach to conceal their generator matrix. The proposed approach is based on a random selection of rows of the matrix by which a random generator matrix is constructed. Using the characteristics of polar codes and introducing an efficient approach, they could reduce the public and secret key sizes, and computational complexity compared to the McEliece cryptosystem. Moreover, they show that PKC‐PC yields an increased security level against conventional attacks as well as possible vulnerabilities to the code‐based public‐key cryptosystems. Furthermore, they prove the security of the authors’ cryptosystem and show that its security is reduced to solve NP‐complete problems, called polar parameterised syndrome decoding and polar parameterised codeword existence.
Time‐of‐arrival estimation algorithm for positioning in NB‐IoT physical layer
Authors: Chen Chao‐Yu , Li I‐Hsien
Published: April 2020

In this study, the authors propose a new time‐of‐arrival (ToA) algorithm for positioning in the physical layer of narrowband Internet‐of‐Things (NB‐IoT) technology. This algorithm estimates the ToA of transmitted narrowband positioning reference signals (NPRSs) by detecting the first valid tap of estimated power delay profile (PDP). They estimate the PDP as well as the noise power in the time domain via inverse Fast Fourier transformation of received frequency‐domain NPRSs. The accuracy of the estimated noise power is crucial in the ToA estimation since the SNR is extremely low in typical NB‐IoT scenarios. The simulations show that the proposed ToA estimation method outperforms the conventional method and performs well in various scenarios.
Joint relay selection and power allocation for NOMA‐based multicast cognitive radio networks
Authors: Baidas Mohammed W. , Alsusa Emad , Hamdi Khairi A.
Published: April 2020

In this study, the problem of joint relay selection and power allocation (J‐RS‐PA) for NOMA‐based multicast cognitive radio networks is considered. In particular, the aim is to simultaneously maximise the end‐to‐end SINR/SNR of the primary and secondary transmitter–receiver (TR) pairs, subject to quality‐of‐service (QoS) constraints. Communication between the primary and secondary TR pairs is performed over two‐phases, namely, the broadcasting phase, and the cooperation phase. In the broadcasting phase, the primary and secondary transmitters broadcast their data symbols; while in the cooperation phase, the selected relay forwards the decoded symbols to their intended receivers. However, the formulated J‐RS‐PA problem happens to be non‐convex, resulting in computationally‐prohibitive complexity. Consequently, an optimal low‐complexity two‐stage relay selection and power allocation (TS‐RS‐PA) algorithm is devised, which is based on the solution of linear programming problem reformulations. Simulation results are presented to validate the proposed TS‐RS‐PA algorithm, which is shown to yield the optimal SINR/SNR values in comparison to the J‐RS‐PA scheme, but with lower computational complexity, while satisfying QoS constraints.
Optimal re‐dispatch of generating units ensuring small signal stability
Authors: Hamidreza Adeli Seyed , Rabiee Abdorreza , Taghipour Boroujeni Samad
Published: April 2020

This study presents a new re‐scheduling method for generating units in the form of optimal power flow (OPF) problem, considering small signal stability (SSS) constraint of power system in normal operation and N −1 contingency of transmission lines outage. In base case, total operation cost is minimized, considering voltage stability margin and N −1 line contingency. The SSS of system is studied by using modal analysis. In case of unstable modes in the generator(s) rotor angle, the generators scheduling should be re‐dispatched. Using modal analysis and sensitivity matrix, the generators are divided into three groups: increasing power generators, decreasing power generators, and unchanged power generators. In order to increase the accuracy of re‐scheduling program, two new technical and economic indexes are introduced. The output power of the candidate generators is increased/decreased based on the indexes to stabilize generator(s) with unstable rotor angle (URA). The salient feature of proposed method is its capability on stabilizing system with one or more URA generators with minimum changes in base case OPF results. The Validity of proposed method is studied on IEEE 39‐bus 10‐machine, and IEEE 69‐bus 16‐machine test systems. The obtained results verify effectiveness of proposed re‐dispatch algorithm in case of single or multiple URA generator(s).
Machine‐learning‐based reliability evaluation framework for power distribution networks
Authors: Li Gengfeng , Huang Yuxiong , Bie Zhaohong , Ding Tao
Published: April 2020

Reliability evaluation of power distribution systems is a well‐studied and understood problem, but topology analysis efficiency and failure feature description are still limiting the practical application of reliability evaluation in distribution systems. One approach the authors proposed in this study is to incorporate the machine‐learning technique into the simulation‐based reliability evaluation method, and assess the system reliability in an empirical fashion. In this study, a framework for performing the machine‐learning‐based reliability evaluation, and corresponding modelling processes are first established. Then, by inducing a supervised learning algorithm named perceptron, a state‐space classification‐based (SSC) method for system state assessment, the core procedure of reliability evaluation, is proposed. On this basis, a reliability evaluation algorithm combining the SSC‐based system state assessment and sequential Monte Carlo simulation is proposed, where the workload of topology analysis required in conventional reliability evaluation methods can be released. Furthermore, extensive case studies are conducted on the Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) bus 2 system and an actual distribution system to verify the proposed models and algorithms. Results show that the proposed framework supports a more efficient reliability evaluation pattern while ensuring the evaluation accuracy.
Effect of Perovskite material on performance of surface plasmon resonance biosensor
Authors: Srivastava Akash , Das Ritwick , Prajapati Yogendra Kumar
Published: April 2020

In this study, we analyze the combined effect of TMD/Perovskite/2D Material on the performance of SPR biosensor using Kretschman configuration. In order to optimize the parameters, we compare the results of each material falls in the family of TMD/Perovskite/2D respectively and finally applied in the proposed sensor. It is observed that the combined structure based on black phosphorus, a 2D material, Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) as a Perovskite material and Tungsten disulfide (WS2) as a TMD material respectively shows excellent performance in terms of a performance parameter of the sensor. Incident light wavelength is fixed of 633 nm and radiative properties of a multi‐layered structure are calculated by transfer Metrix method. Essential performance parameters like Figure of Merit (FOM), Sensitivity, Detection Accuracy obtained by using the standard formula given in the paper. The reported figure of merit (FoM) and sensitivity are 62.51/RIU and 370. respectively. The results obtained in this paper expect to prove a significant role in the biosensing field like DNA hybridization as well as for the application of Perovskite materials in biosensing.
Research on hierarchical control and optimisation learning method of multi‐energy microgrid considering multi‐agent game
Authors: Liu Hong , Li Jifeng , Ge Shaoyun
Published: April 2020

Due to the depletion of traditional fossil energy, to improve energy efficiency and build a cost‐effective integrated energy system has become an inevitable choice. Aiming at the problems that the traditional centralised scheduling method is difficult to reflect the multi‐dimensional interests of different agents in the multi‐energy microgrid system, and the application of artificial intelligence technology in integrated energy scheduling still needs further exploration, this manuscript proposed a hierarchical control optimisation learning method with consideration of multi‐agent game. Firstly, the multi‐energy microgrid was taken as the research object, the microgrid system architecture was analysed, and the multi‐agent partition in the system was pursued based on different economic interests. Secondly, for the technical aspects involved in the integrated energy regulation and management, the management layers of the multi‐energy microgrid were divided, and the functions of different management layers were analysed. Based on this, the regulation functions were realised by considering the Nash Q‐learning and the artificial intelligence method of Petri‐net. Finally, the learning and decision‐making ability of the method through practical cases were analysed, and the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method were explained. This study explores the application of artificial intelligence technology in energy Internet energy management.
A Two-Sided Price-Decoupled Pay-As-Bid Auction Approach for the Clearing of Day-Ahead Electricity Markets
Authors: Csercsik Dávid
Published: April 2020

In this paper we propose a possible alternative for conventional pay-as-clear type multiunit auctions commonly used for the clearing of day-ahead power exchanges, and analyse some of its characteristic features in comparison with conventional clearing. In the proposed framework, instead of the concept of the uniform market clearing price, we introduce limit prices separately for supply and demand bids, and in addition to the power balance constraint, we formulate constraints for the income balance of the market. The total traded quantity is used as the objective function of the formulation. The concept is demonstrated on a simple example and is compared to the conventional approach in small-scale market simulations.
Novel Design of Speed-increasing Compound Coupled Hydromechanical Transmission on Tidal Current Turbine for Power Generation
Authors: Dong Xiaohan , Wang Zhao , Shen Pengfei , Song Yurun , Yu Jin
Published: April 2020

A key topic discussed in the energy industry has long been how to steadily convert tidal energy into mechanical energy and then electrical power. Gear transmissions are widely used in mechanical systems for electrical power production, converting low-speed input rotation into high-speed output rotation to drive a generator rotor. However, to achieve a large speed ratio and stepless speed change, gear transmissions must be accompanied by complex structures and high-precision manufacturing technology. The application of gear transmissions in tidal energy power generation must therefore come at a high cost. A large speed ratio and stepless speed-changing capability are precisely the two essential elements of the mechanical system for tidal energy power generation. In this paper, a new type of speed-increasing CCHMT has been proposed that is capable of achieving large transmission ratio speed change between the blade rotor input and the generator rotor output. It is also capable of changing the input speed steplessly into a stable output speed suitable for power generation and for high-quality electric power production. To verify the feasibility of using a speed-increasing CCHMT in tidal energy, a simulation model has been established for the wave power at the input end. With the assistance of a volumetric speed-control system and hydraulic accumulator, the speed-increasing CCHMT can stably transmit disordered input speed. Simulation results show that the output rotational speed gained a stable amplification ratio within 20 and 30. The mean square error of the rotational speed was controlled to within 29 and the output speed is limited within 85% to 115% of the average output speed, thus ensuring the quality of power generation.
Confidence: achievements and way forward
Authors: Raskob W. , Beresford N.A. , Duranova T. , Korsakissok I. , Mathieu A. , Montero M. , Müller T. , Turcanu C. , Woda C.
Published: April 2020

The project CONFIDENCE (COping with uNcertainties For Improved modelling and DEcision making in Nuclear emergenCiEs) final dissemination event attracted 88 participants to review and discuss the project results and provide ideas for future research work. The workshop highlighted progress in understanding uncertainties in all phases of an emergency. It was also demonstrated that consideration of uncertainties are important when developing countermeasure strategies. Stakeholder engagement as well as societal and ethical aspects in decision making have to be considered. Formal decision making tools were improved and tested. In addition, CONFIDENCE participants, representatives of international organisations and end users, provided their ideas on research needs and the way forward.
Langzeitergebnisse nach Rekonstruktion des Mamillen-Areola-Komplexes
Authors: Spengler Claas , Lohmeyer Jörn Andreas , Wittig Klaus Stephan
Published: April 2020

Die Rekonstruktion des Mamillen-Areola-Komplexes (MAK) ist ein ästhetisch und psychosozial bedeutender letzter Schritt bei der Rekonstruktion der Brust. Während die Rekonstruktion der Mamille unter Anwendung verschiedener Techniken in zahlreichen Publikationen untersucht wurde, gibt es unseres Wissens nur wenige Studien zu den Langzeitergebnissen nach Rekonstruktion der Areola. Daher untersuchen wir in dieser Studie die Langzeitergebnisse nach Rekonstruktion der Areola bei Frauen mit autologer Brustrekonstruktion. Im Zeitraum von 2014 bis 2016 führten wir in unserer Klinik bei 126 Patientinnen eine Rekonstruktion des MAK durch. Die Areola wurde durch Vollhauttransplantation aus der Leiste oder den oberen Augenlidern rekonstruiert. Insgesamt wurden 27 Frauen mit einem medianen Alter von 52 ± 8,6 Jahren nach einem medianen Zeitraum von 1,7 ± 0,7 Jahren in Bezug auf Farbveränderungen, Größenveränderungen und Zufriedenheit mit dem Rekonstruktionsergebnis der MAK untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein deutliches Ausbleichen bei guter Zufriedenheit der Patientinnen mit dem Gesamtergebnis. Wir beobachteten eine durchschnittliche Größenzunahme der neuen Areolen um 13,9 % bei Vollhauttransplantation aus der Leiste und 34,6 % bei Vollhauttransplantation aus den oberen Augenlidern. Die Patientinnen sollten präoperativ über Ausbleichen und Größenveränderungen der neuen Areola informiert werden.
Treatment of chronic Osteomyelitis with vascularized bone flaps in one-stage-procedure
Authors: Ciclamini Davide , Antonini Andrea , Tos Pierluigi , Crosio Alessandro , Piccato Alice , Battiston Bruno
Published: April 2020

Background Chronic osteomyelitis is a long-standing infection of the bone. Treatment is often combined, using antibiotics and surgery (with radical debridement and secondary or concomitant reconstruction). One-stage management is an alternative approach, with few reported cases in literature.

Patients/Material and methods We carried out an observational retrospective multicenter study to evaluate the results of one-stage reconstructions with vascularized bone flaps. We assessed bone and infection healing in 14 cases, with a mean follow-up of 63.6 months. Results: Bone union was obtained in 10 cases (71.4 %) in a mean period of 7.9 months. Nonunion occurred in 4 cases (28.6 %), 2 of them with infection persistence. Bone nonunion risk increases in polymicrobial infections (p = 0.0269) and in compromised hosts (p = 0.0110). Infection healing was achieved in 11 cases (78.6 %). Fistula recurred in 3 cases of forearm osteomyelitis (21.4 %) in 10 months on average. Infection recurrence is associated with polymicrobial infections (p = 0.0378) and is higher in internal fixation and compromised hosts with no statistically significant relation.

Conclusions One-stage surgical treatment seems to be an effective approach in selected patients, in particular when an important impairment of local soft tissue and bone exposure are present, and immediate bone coverage with vascularized soft tissue is needed. Most complications occurred in compromised hosts and in patients with polymicrobial cultures. Further research, with comparison between one and two-stage procedures, is needed in order to strengthen the level of evidence.
Mobilitätsstatus erheben und Prognose abgeben – New Mobility Score
Authors: Peter Viktoria
Published: April 2020

Nach einer Hüftfraktur ist es für ältere Personen wichtig, wieder schnell an Mobilität zu gewinnen. Der New Mobility Score ist ein Instrument, das dabei hilft, eine Prognose darüber zu treffen, inwieweit sich ein Klient wieder selbstständig fortbewegen wird.
Systemtherapie beim metastasierten Urothelkarzinom − Aktueller Stand und was kommt nach den Checkpointinhibitoren?
Authors: Grunewald Camilla Marisa , Hiester Andreas , Niegisch Günter
Published: April 2020

Das zunehmende Wissen um den Einfluss des Immunsystems auf Tumorentstehung und -progression haben unser Verständnis von Tumorbiologie in den letzten Jahren grundlegend verändert. Während sich die zur Verfügung stehenden Therapieoptionen für Patienten mit metastasiertem Urothelkarzinom der Harnblase über Jahrzehnte hinweg kaum verbessert haben, hat der Einzug von Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren in kurzer Zeit zu einer starken Wandlung der Behandlungslandschaft geführt.

Zwar bildet die Cisplatin-basierte Kombinationstherapie auch weiterhin die Hauptsäule, darüber hinaus bestehen aber nun zusätzliche wirkungsvolle Behandlungsoptionen mit den in Europa zugelassenen PD-(L)-1-Inhibitoren Atezolizumab, Pembrolizumab und Nivolumab. Einem bemerkenswerten Langzeitansprechen stehen hier das Auftreten teils schwerster immun-vermittelter Nebenwirkungen sowie eine insgesamt nur geringe Ansprechrate von etwa 25 % gegenüber. Eine Vielzahl aktueller klinischer Studien beschäftigt sich daher besonders mit möglichen Kombinationsansätzen und sinnvollen Therapiesequenzen, um mögliche Synergismen sowie additive Effekte der bisher zur Verfügung stehenden Substanzen unter Berücksichtigung eines vertretbaren Nebenwirkungsprofils optimal auszunutzen. Darüber hinaus werden viele neue Therapieansätze in klinischen Studien erprobt. In diesem Zusammenhang sind besonders die Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugate und FGFR-Inhibitoren vor dem Hintergrund der erst kürzlich erfolgten FDA-Zulassung hervorzuheben.

Der hier vorliegende Review gibt einen Überblick über die aktuell zur Verfügung stehenden Therapieoptionen im metastasierten Urothelkarzinom der Harnblase und behandelt darüber hinaus schwerpunktmäßig zukünftige Therapieansätze anhand gegenwärtiger Studien.
Self-expandable metal stents for obstructing colonic and extracolonic cancer: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline – Update 2020
Authors: van Hooft Jeanin E. , Veld Joyce V. , Arnold Dirk , Beets-Tan Regina G.H. , Everett Simon , Götz Martin , van Halsema Emo E. , Hill James , Manes Gianpiero , Meisner Soren , Rodrigues-Pinto Eduardo , Sabbagh Charles , Vandervoort Jo , Tanis Pieter J. , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Arezzo Alberto
Published: April 2020

Main Recommendations

The following recommendations should only be applied after a thorough diagnostic evaluation including a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan.

1 ESGE recommends colonic stenting to be reserved for patients with clinical symptoms and radiological signs of malignant large-bowel obstruction, without signs of perforation. ESGE does not recommend prophylactic stent placement.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

2 ESGE recommends stenting as a bridge to surgery to be discussed, within a shared decision-making process, as a treatment option in patients with potentially curable left-sided obstructing colon cancer as an alternative to emergency resection.

Strong recommendation, high quality evidence.

3 ESGE recommends colonic stenting as the preferred treatment for palliation of malignant colonic obstruction.

Strong recommendation, high quality evidence.

4 ESGE suggests consideration of colonic stenting for malignant obstruction of the proximal colon either as a bridge to surgery or in a palliative setting.

Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.

5 ESGE suggests a time interval of approximately 2 weeks until resection when colonic stenting is performed as a bridge to elective surgery in patients with curable left-sided colon cancer.

Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.

6 ESGE recommends that colonic stenting should be performed or directly supervised by an operator who can demonstrate competence in both colonoscopy and fluoroscopic techniques and who performs colonic stenting on a regular basis.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

7 ESGE suggests that a decompressing stoma as a bridge to elective surgery is a valid option if the patient is not a candidate for colonic stenting or when stenting expertise is not available.

Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.
Regiospecific Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions Using the Operational Equivalent of 1,3-Dilithiopropyne
Authors: Cabezas Jorge A. , Ferllini Natasha
Published: April 2020

A regiospecific palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction using the operational equivalent of the dianion 1,3-dilithiopropyne, with aromatic iodides is reported. This reaction gives high yields of 1-propyn-1-yl-benzenes and 2-(propyn-1-yl)thiophenes in the presence of catalytic amounts of palladium(0) or (II) and stoichiometric amounts of copper iodide. No terminal alkyne or allene isomers were detected. Reaction conditions were very mild and several functional groups were tolerated.
Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Afzeliindanone
Authors: Bates Roderick W. , Rita Rita , Rahman Mohamed Husaini bin Abdul , Chong Sherilyn Shi Min
Published: April 2020

A synthesis of the proposed structure of afzeliindanone was achieved by using an alkyne [2+2+2]-cyclotrimerization as a key step. The data for the synthetic material were found not to match those for the natural material, indicating a structural misassignment.
Palladium-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition of Vinylaziridine and Indane-1,3-diones: Diastereo- and Enantioselective Access to Spiro-Pyrrolidines
Authors: Vetica Fabrizio , Bailey Stephen J. , Kumar Mukesh , Mahajan Suruchi , von Essen Carolina , Rissanen Kari , Enders Dieter
Published: April 2020

A mild and efficient palladium-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of vinylaziridine and indane-1,3-diones has been realized. The resulting spiro-pyrrolidines were provided in excellent yields and, with the introduction of the leucine-derived phosphine ligand, moderate to good enantio­- and diastereoselectivities.
Immune-Mediated Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Narrative Review of Diagnosis and Treatment in Adults
Authors: Blennerhassett Richard , Curnow Jennifer , Pasalic Leonardo
Published: April 2020

Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare and potentially lethal disease characterized by fragmentary hemolysis, moderate-to-severe thrombocytopenia, end-organ dysfunction, and severely reduced ADAMTS13 levels (< 10%). Survival in iTTP has improved significantly since the introduction of plasma exchange as standard therapy combined with immune suppression to address the underlying pathophysiology. A host of challenges remain including prompt recognition of the disease, treatment of the end-organ effects of the disease, improving the early mortality rate, significantly reducing the relapse rate as well as addressing refractory disease. Discussed in this narrative review of iTTP are the recent measures aimed at addressing these issues, including improvements in clinical prediction models, postremission maintenance approaches with early retreatment as well as the development of novel therapies.
Second Heart Sound
Authors: Seepana Lokanath , Vala Dayasagar Rao
Published: April 2020

The auscultation of second heart sound reveals presence of the disease and its pathophysiology, conduction defects, ventricular function, and hemodynamics around the aortic and pulmonary valves. To understand the splitting of the second heart sound, it is useful to understand the concepts of hangout interval and ejection time. Differential diagnosis of S2 split include opening snap, third heart sound, and pericardial knock. Variations of second heart sound may involve intensity or variations of split. Variations of split can be single heart sound, wide split, wide fixed split, or paradoxical splitting.Interpretation of second heart sound in congenital heart disease provides information about the presence and position of semilunar valves.
Kinetic simulations of piston-driven collisionless shock formation in magnetized laboratory plasmas
Authors: Schaeffer D. B. , Fox W. , Matteucci J. , Lezhnin K. V. , Bhattacharjee A. , Germaschewski K.
Published: April 2020

Laboratory laser experiments offer a novel approach to studying magnetized collisionless shocks, and a common method in recent experiments is to drive shocks using a laser-ablated piston plasma. However, current experimental capabilities are still limited to spatiotemporal scales on the order of shock formation, making it challenging to distinguish piston and shock dynamics. We present quasi-1D particle-in-cell simulations of piston-driven, magnetized collisionless shock formation using the code PSC, which includes a model of laser-driven plasmas that can be well-matched to experimental conditions. The simulations cover a range of upstream and ablation parameters and yield several robust signatures of shock formation, which can provide a reference for experimental results.
A novel memristor-based dynamical system with multi-wing attractors and symmetric periodic bursting
Authors: Chang Hui , Li Yuxia , Chen Guanrong
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a novel memristor-based dynamical system with circuit implementation, which has a 2×3-wing, 2×2-wing, and 2×1-wing non-Shilnikov type of chaotic attractors. The system has two index-2 saddle-focus equilibria, symmetrical with respect to the x-axis. The system is analyzed with bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents, demonstrating its complex dynamical behaviors: the system reaches the chaotic state from the periodic state through alternating period-doubling bifurcations and then from the chaotic state back to the periodic state through inverse bifurcations, as one parameter changes. It shows two interesting phenomena: a jump-switching periodic state and jump-switching chaotic state. Also, the system can sustain chaos with a constant Lyapunov spectrum in some initial conditions and a parameter set. In addition, a class of symmetric periodic bursting phenomena is surprisingly observed under a particular set of parameters, and its generation mechanism is revealed through bifurcation analysis. Finally, the circuit implementation verifies the theoretical analysis and the jump-switching numerical simulation results.