bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract PR20: A 53BP1 integrates DNA repair and p53-dependent cell fate decisions via distinct mechanisms
Authors: Cuella-Martin Raquel , Oliveira Catarina , Lockstone Helen E. , Snellenberg Suzanne , Grolmusova Natalia , Chapman J Ross
Published: April 2017

The tumor suppressor protein 53BP1 was first identified as a p53-interacting protein over two decades ago, however its direct contribution to p53-dependent cellular activities has remained enigmatic. Having reinvestigated the link between 53BP1 and p53, we now show 53BP1 plays an important role in directly stimulating genome-wide p53-dependent gene transactivation and repression events in response to ionizing radiation (IR) and synthetic p53 activation. We have also fine-mapped the domains in 53BP1 that modulate p53 activity and reveal it requires both auto-oligomerization and its tandem-BRCT domain-mediated bivalent interactions with p53 and the ubiquitin-specific protease USP28. Loss of 53BP1 or USP28 catalytic activities results in inefficient p53-dependent cell-cycle checkpoint and exit responses. Mechanistically, we show 53BP1-USP28 cooperation to be essential for stimulating normal p53-promoter element interactions and downstream gene transactivation-associated events, yet dispensable for 53BP1-dependent DSB repair regulation. Collectively, our data indicate a upstream role for 53BP1-USP28 complexes in priming p53's transcriptional potential, providing a mechanistic explanation for 53BP1-p53 cooperation in controlling anti-tumorigenic cell-fate decisions. Moreover, we reveal these activities to be distinct and separable from 53BP1's regulation of DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice, and establish the prime function for the 53BP1 BRCT domain and its interaction partner USP28. Our study therefore defines important and novel functions for 53BP1 in enforcing a vital tumor suppressor pathway that are likely to contribute to tumor suppression. In the meeting we will describe these findings and update on recent progress.

This abstract is also being presented as Poster B04.

Citation Format: Raquel Cuella-Martin, Catarina Oliveira, Helen E. Lockstone, Suzanne Snellenberg, Natalia Grolmusova, J Ross Chapman. A 53BP1 integrates DNA repair and p53-dependent cell fate decisions via distinct mechanisms [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on DNA Repair: Tumor Development and Therapeutic Response; 2016 Nov 2-5; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2017;15(4_Suppl):Abstract nr PR20.
Abstract PR21: DEK is critical for homologous recombination and its loss is synthetic lethal with DNA-PK inhibition
Authors: Smith Eric A. , Gole Boris , Willis Nicholas A. , Eric Krumpelbeck F. , Jegga Anil G. , Ali Abdullah M. , Guo Haihong , Meetei Amom R. , Andreassen Paul R. , Kappes Ferdinand , Scully Ralph , Wiesmüller Lisa , Susanne Wells I.
Published: April 2017

DEK is a highly conserved chromatin-bound protein whose upregulation across different cancer types directly correlates with genotoxic therapy resistance. While DEK loss induces genome instability and sensitizes cells to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), suggesting defects in DNA repair, the role of DEK remains incompletely understood. To this end we previously determined that loss of DEK moderately attenuates non-homologous end-joining repair (NHEJ). However, the observed partial decrease in NHEJ activity is likely insufficient to fully explain the sensitivity of DEK-deficient cells to radiation and chemotherapy. Thus, we hypothesized that DEK has additional roles in DSB repair, particularly in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair, a known contributor to chemotherapy resistance. We found that γH2AX activation and HR were strongly compromised in DEK-deficient cells, and that DEK physically interacted with and contributed to RAD51 recruitment. Thus, we hypothesized that DEK-deficient cells likely rely on residual NHEJ for repair of DSBs and survival. Correspondingly, NHEJ inhibition with DNA-PK inhibitors resulted in synthetic lethality in DEK-deficient cells. Together these findings define DEK as an important and multifunctional mediator of homologous recombination.

This abstract is also being presented as Poster A09.

Citation Format: Eric A. Smith, Boris Gole, Nicholas A. Willis, Krumpelbeck F. Eric, Anil G. Jegga, Abdullah M. Ali, Haihong Guo, Amom R. Meetei, Paul R. Andreassen, Ferdinand Kappes, Ralph Scully, Lisa Wiesmüller, Wells I. Susanne. DEK is critical for homologous recombination and its loss is synthetic lethal with DNA-PK inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on DNA Repair: Tumor Development and Therapeutic Response; 2016 Nov 2-5; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2017;15(4_Suppl):Abstract nr PR21.
Anaphase-Promoting Complex Adaptor FZR1/CDH1 Blocks BRAF Signaling Both by Targeting BRAF for Proteolytic Degradation and by Disrupting BRAF Dimerization
Authors: Zhang Chao , Bollag Gideon
Published: April 2017

Summary: Blocking dimerization and stimulating protein degradation are two mechanisms known to inhibit BRAF activity. The study reported by Wan and colleagues identifies BRAF as a substrate of the APC/CFZR1–ubiqutin–proteasome system. The interaction between FZR1 and BRAF also induces a conformational change that disrupts BRAF dimerization. These findings identify a dynamic interplay between FZR1 and BRAF with strong implications for cell-fate determination and the tumor suppressor role of FZR1. Cancer Discov; 7(4); 356–8. ©2017 AACR.

See related article by Wan et al., p. 424.
Exploring the Link between the Germline and Somatic Genome in Cancer
Authors: Geeleher Paul , Huang R. Stephanie
Published: April 2017

Summary: Carter and colleagues propose a systematic analysis of the germline and somatic genome in cancer. They identify interactions that occur between germline and somatic variants. This elucidates the function of the germline genome in the context of cancer risk and development. Cancer Discov; 7(4); 354–5. ©2017 AACR.

See related article by Carter et al., p. 410.
Report on the FDA-AACR Immuno-oncology Drug Development Workshop
Authors: Curran Colleen , Sharon Elad
Published: April 2017

The FDA-AACR Immuno-oncology Drug Development Workshop was held in Washington, DC, from October 13 to 14, 2016. This interdisciplinary forum included government, industry, and academic leaders in pharmacology and oncology. The aim of the meeting was to discuss methodologies in nonclinical and clinical research, safety monitoring, efficacy endpoints, and statistical evaluation of cancer immunotherapy products. This summary highlights topics and viewpoints raised by the presenters and discussants and should not be viewed as the conclusions or recommendations of the workshop as a whole. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(4); 282–5. ©2017 AACR.
Acute Onset Ocular Hypotony after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Farukhi Ahmed Sarah , Tai Audrey Xi , Schmutz Mason , Combs John , Mosaed Sameh
Published: April 2017

Importance: The purpose of this case report is to evaluate risk factors associated with post-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) ocular hypotony compared to post-CABG ischemic optic neuropathy. Observations: The patient described here is a single case at the University of California, Irvine Medical Center, from July 2016. This case demonstrates the rare incidence of acute post-CABG ocular hypotony and vision loss in a patient with prior history of optic atrophy. Both vision loss and hypotony resolved completely to baseline without intervention within 3 days postoperatively. Conclusions and Relevance: Severe anemia and large fluctuations in central venous pressure and blood pressure can occur in any patient undergoing CABG surgery. These hemodynamic shifts can cause transient ischemia to pressure controlling systems such as the ciliary body and reduce episcleral venous pressure. Other risk factors for acute hypotony in the setting of CABG surgery also include the use of hypertonic agents, cardiopulmonary bypass, and intravenous anesthesia.
Fire Simulation and Cardiovascular Health in Firefighters
Authors: Hunter Amanda L. , Shah Anoop S.V. , Langrish Jeremy P. , Raftis Jennifer B. , Lucking Andrew J. , Brittan Mairi , Venkatasubramanian Sowmya , Stables Catherine L. , Stelzle Dominik , Marshall James , Graveling Richard , Flapan Andrew D. , Newby David E. , Mills Nicholas L.
Published: April 2017

Background:

Rates of myocardial infarction in firefighters are increased during fire suppression duties, and are likely to reflect a combination of factors including extreme physical exertion and heat exposure. We assessed the effects of simulated fire suppression on measures of cardiovascular health in healthy firefighters.

Methods:

In an open-label randomized crossover study, 19 healthy firefighters (age, 41±7 years; 16 males) performed a standardized training exercise in a fire simulation facility or light duties for 20 minutes. After each exposure, ex vivo thrombus formation, fibrinolysis, platelet activation, and forearm blood flow in response to intra-arterial infusions of endothelial-dependent and -independent vasodilators were measured.

Results:

After fire simulation training, core temperature increased (1.0±0.1°C) and weight reduced (0.46±0.14 kg,
P
<0.001 for both). In comparison with control, exposure to fire simulation increased thrombus formation under low-shear (73±14%) and high-shear (66±14%) conditions (
P
<0.001 for both) and increased platelet-monocyte binding (7±10%,
P
=0.03). There was a dose-dependent increase in forearm blood flow with all vasodilators (
P
<0.001), which was attenuated by fire simulation in response to acetylcholine (
P
=0.01) and sodium nitroprusside (
P
=0.004). This was associated with a rise in fibrinolytic capacity, asymptomatic myocardial ischemia, and an increase in plasma cardiac troponin I concentrations (1.4 [0.8–2.5] versus 3.0 [1.7–6.4] ng/L,
P
=0.010).

Conclusions:

Exposure to extreme heat and physical exertion during fire suppression activates platelets, increases thrombus formation, impairs vascular function, and promotes myocardial ischemia and injury in healthy firefighters. Our findings provide pathogenic mechanisms to explain the association between fire suppression activity and acute myocardial infarction in firefighters.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01812317.
Nightless Cities: Timing the Pleasure Quarters in Early Modern Japan
Authors: Koch Angelika
Published: April 2017

This article traces the time practices relevant to Edo-period pleasure-quarter life and business in eighteenth and nineteenth century Japan, discussing two time patterns that appeared in pleasure-quarter directories at the time: more long-term, loosely circumscribed stays based around diurnal rhythms of light and darkness, as well as more short-term transactions centered on units of time measured with incense sticks—two aspects of time that were central to the trade plied in the quarters, as I show. I argue that the sex trade is significant in that it provided a rare example of a service “paid by the hour” in early modern Japan, thus crucially also calling us to (re-)consider larger issues regarding the economic value of time within the early modern Japanese world of work and especially also its relationship to modern time and labor. I demonstrate how the exigencies of a certain trade required the elaboration of a set of time units and, where necessary, a system to measure and co-ordinate them, which ultimately points towards the existence of an abstract notion of time that commanded a certain price in early modern Japan. As such, the present paper serves to qualify narratives that mainly identify the commodification of time with Japan’s industrialization, modernization, and Westernization in the late nineteenth century, as well as with the dissemination of mechanical clock-time
Artificial Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) tags of different colour and symmetry do not influence mate choice in a cichlid
Authors: Schuett Wiebke , Nava Teresa Fee , Rahmlow Neele , Scherer Ulrike
Published: April 2017

Experimental individuals are frequently marked with coloured tags for individual identification. Except for birds, the consequences of such artificial tagging on mate choice have been rarely investigated even though individuals often prefer naturally brightly coloured or symmetrically ornamented mates. We tested whether differently coloured Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) tags influence female mate choice in rainbow kribs,Pelvicachromis pulcher. Females were allowed to simultaneously choose between a control and a VIE-marked male. The VIE-marked male carried two tags of the same colour (red, blue, green or white) set symmetrically or asymmetrically. Females did not show a preference for or avoidance of males carrying any of the colours compared to control males, no matter if the tags had been set symmetrically or asymmetrically. Although we found no discrimination for or against colour-tags, we highlight the importance of considering potential influences of colour-marks on mate choice in behavioural and evolutionary studies.
Rescue behaviour in a social bird: removal of sticky ‘bird-catcher tree’ seeds by group members
Authors: Hammers Martijn , Brouwer Lyanne
Published: April 2017

Rescue behaviour is a special form of cooperation in which a rescuer exhibits behaviours directed towards averting a threat to an endangered individual, thereby potentially putting itself at risk. Although rescue behaviour has been well-documented in experimental studies on rats and ants, published cases in other non-human animals are rare. Here, we report observations of rescue behaviour in the cooperatively breeding Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis). In this species, individuals sometimes become entangled in seed clusters of ‘bird-catcher trees’ (Pisonia grandis). Just one or a few of these sticky seeds can prevent Seychelles warblers to fly and may lead to mortality. In four cases, individuals were observed displaying behaviour aimed at removing sticky seeds from the feathers of an entangled individual belonging to their group. Intriguingly, the rescuing individuals engaged in this behaviour despite potentially risking entanglement. To our knowledge, this is the first recorded case of rescue behaviour in birds.
A mermithid nematode, Cretacimermis aphidophilus sp. n. (Nematoda: Mermithidae), parasitising an aphid (Hemiptera: Burmitaphididae) in Myanmar amber: a 100 million year association
Authors: Poinar George O.
Published: April 2017

A new species of fossil mermithid,Cretacimermis aphidophilussp. n. (Nematoda: Mermithidae), is described from the primitive extinct aphid,Caulinus burmitis(Hemiptera: Burmitaphididae), in mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber. Aphid parasitism by mermithid nematodes is rare today with only two known cases involving root-feeding aphids. Based on the habits of the parasitised extant aphid hosts, it is likely that the fossil aphid was also a root parasite and encountered the infective stage mermithid in the soil. Such fossils provide rare glimpses of nematode-host associations from the distant past and provide minimum dates for the appearance of specific mermithid clades.
Hearing Lips and Seeing Voices: the Origins and Development of the ‘McGurk Effect’ and Reflections on Audio–Visual Speech Perception Over the Last 40 Years
Authors: MacDonald John
Published: April 2017

In 1976 Harry McGurk and I published a paper inNature, entitled ‘Hearing Lips and Seeing Voices’. The paper described a new audio–visual illusion we had discovered that showed the perception of auditorily presented speech could be influenced by the simultaneous presentation of incongruent visual speech. This hitherto unknown effect has since had a profound impact on audiovisual speech perception research. The phenomenon has come to be known as the ‘McGurk effect’, and the original paper has been cited in excess of 4800 times. In this paper I describe the background to the discovery of the effect, the rationale for the generation of the initial stimuli, the construction of the exemplars used and the serendipitous nature of the finding. The paper will also cover the reaction (and non-reaction) to theNaturepublication, the growth of research on, and utilizing the ‘McGurk effect’ and end with some reflections on the significance of the finding.
Molecular approaches for blood meal analysis and species identification of mosquitoes (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae) in rural locations in southern England, United Kingdom
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ-TRIANA LUIS MIGUEL , BRUGMAN VICTOR ALBERT , PROSSER SEAN WILLIAMS JOHN , WELAND CHRIS , NIKOLOVA NADYA , THORNE LEIGH , MARCO MAR FERNÁNDEZ DE , FOOKS ANTHONY RICHARD , JOHNSON NICHOLAS
Published: April 2017

Thirty-four species of Culicidae are present in the UK, of which 15 have been implicated as potential vectors of arthropod-borne viruses such as West Nile virus. Identification of mosquito feeding preferences is paramount to the understanding of vector-host-pathogen interactions which, in turn, would assist in the control of disease outbreaks. Results are presented on the application of DNA barcoding for vertebrate species identification in blood-fed female mosquitoes in rural locations. Blood-fed females (n = 134) were collected in southern England from rural sites and identified based on morphological criteria. Blood meals from 59 specimens (44%) were identified as feeding on eight hosts: European rabbit, cow, human, barn swallow, dog, great tit, magpie and blackbird. Analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mtDNA barcoding region and the internal transcribed spacer 2 rDNA region of the specimens morphologically identified as Anopheles maculipennis s.l. revealed the presence of An. atroparvus and An. messeae. A similar analysis of specimens morphologically identified as Culex pipiens/Cx. torrentium showed all specimens to be Cx. pipiens (typical form). This study demonstrates the importance of using molecular techniques to support species-level identification in blood-fed mosquitoes to maximize the information obtained in studies investigating host feeding patterns.
Tropical Cyclone Characterization via Nocturnal Low-Light Visible Illumination
Authors: Hawkins Jeffrey D. , Solbrig Jeremy E. , Miller Steven D. , Surratt Melinda , Lee Thomas F. , Bankert Richard L. , Richardson Kim
Published: April 2017

Global monitoring of tropical cyclones (TC) is enhanced by the unique capabilities provided by the day–night band (DNB), a sensor included on the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) flying on board the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite. The DNB, a low-light visible–near-infrared-band passive radiometer, can leverage unconventional (i.e., nonsolar) sources of visible light illumination such as moonlight to infer storm structure at night. The DNB provides an unprecedented capability to resolve moonlit clouds at high resolution, offering numerous potential benefits to both operational TC analysts and researchers developing new methods of monitoring TCs occurring within the largely data-void tropical oceanic basins. DNB digital data provide significant enhancements over older nighttime visible data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) by leveraging accurate calibration, high sensitivity, and sub-kilometer-scale imagery that covers 2–3 times the moon’s lunar cycle than the OLS. By leveraging these attributes, DNB data can enable the use of automated objective applications instead of subjective image interpretation. Here, the authors detail ways in which critical information about TC structure, location, intensity changes, shear environment, lightning, and other characteristics can be extracted when the DNB data are used in isolation or in a multichannel approach with coincident infrared (IR) channels.
A Climatological Study of Extreme Cold Surges along the African Highlands
Authors: Crossett Caitlin C. , Metz Nicholas D.
Published: April 2017

Equatorward-moving cold surges occur along the lee of high terrain during the cold season. Even though the east coast of Africa features high terrain, little research exists on cold surges along the African highlands despite the fact that these surges could have potentially large agricultural and societal effects. This paper examines a 5-yr climatology of the most extreme African-highlands cold surges spanning the 2008–12 period. During these years, 186 cold surges occurred to the lee of the African highlands, with 84 events extending between 30° and 35°S (type 1), 27 extending between 25° and 30°S (type 2), and 75 extending equatorward of 25°S (type 3) based on the 1000–850-hPa thickness pattern. This climatology reveals that extreme African-highlands cold surges have a climatological maximum in September. Cold surges of type 1 and type 2 tend to occur throughout the Southern Hemisphere winter and spring, whereas surges of type 3 are generally confined to the winter months. These cold surges can last from 2 to 8 days, with the highest frequency of events spanning a 3-day period. A typical cold-surge event features maximum 925-hPa meridional flow of 30.0–39.9 kt (1 kt = 0.51 m s−1) that most frequently advects cold Antarctic air to between 15.0° and 24.9°S and at times as far as the equator.
The 2015/16 El Niño Event in Context of the MERRA-2 Reanalysis: A Comparison of the Tropical Pacific with 1982/83 and 1997/98
Authors: Lim Young-Kwon , Kovach Robin M. , Pawson Steven , Vernieres Guillaume
Published: April 2017

The 2015/16 El Niño is analyzed using atmospheric and oceanic analysis produced using the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) data assimilation systems. As well as describing the structure of the event, a theme of this work is to compare and contrast it with two other strong El Niños, in 1982/83 and 1997/98. These three El Niño events are included in the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and in the more recent MERRA-2 reanalyses. MERRA-2 allows a comparison of fields derived from the underlying GEOS model, facilitating a more detailed comparison of physical forcing mechanisms in the El Niño events. Various atmospheric and oceanic structures indicate that the 2015/16 El Niño maximized in the Niño-3.4 region, with a large region of warming over most of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The eastern tropical Indian Ocean, Maritime Continent, and western tropical Pacific are found to be less dry in boreal winter, compared to the earlier two strong events. Whereas the 2015/16 El Niño had an earlier occurrence of the equatorial Pacific warming and was the strongest event on record in the central Pacific, the 1997/98 event exhibited a more rapid growth due to stronger westerly wind bursts and the Madden–Julian oscillation during spring, making it the strongest El Niño in the eastern Pacific. Compared to 1982/83 and 1997/98, the 2015/16 event had a shallower thermocline over the eastern Pacific with a weaker zonal contrast of subsurface water temperatures along the equatorial Pacific. While the three major ENSO events have similarities, each is unique when looking at the atmosphere and ocean surface and subsurface.
Direct and Diffuse Radiation in the Shallow Cumulus–Vegetation System: Enhanced and Decreased Evapotranspiration Regimes
Authors: Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia X. , Ouwersloot H. G. , Sikma M. , van Heerwaarden C. C. , Jacobs C. M. J. , Vilà-Guerau de Arellano J.
Published: April 2017

Guided by a holistic approach, the combined effects of direct and diffuse radiation on the atmospheric boundary layer dynamics over vegetated land are investigated on a daily scale. Three numerical experiments are designed that are aimed at disentangling the role of diffuse and direct radiation below shallow cumulus at the surface and on boundary layer dynamics. A large-eddy simulation (LES) model coupled to a land surface model is used, including a mechanistically immediate response of plants to radiation, temperature, and water vapor deficit changes. The partitioning in direct and diffuse radiation created by clouds and farther inside the canopy is explicitly accounted for. LES results are conditionally averaged as a function of the cloud optical depth. The findings show larger photosynthesis under thin clouds than under clear sky, due to an increase in diffuse radiation and a slight decrease in direct radiation. The reduced canopy resistance is the main driver for the enhanced carbon uptake by vegetation, while the carbon gradient and aerodynamic effects at the surface are secondary. Because of the coupling of CO2 and water vapor exchange through plant stomata, evapotranspiration is also enhanced under thin clouds, albeit to a lesser extent. This effect of diffuse radiation increases the water use efficiency and evaporative fraction under clouds. The dynamic perturbations of the surface fluxes by clouds do not affect general boundary layer or cloud characteristics because of the limited time and space where these perturbations occur. It is concluded that an accurate radiation partitioning calculation is necessary to obtain reliable estimations on local surface processes.
Generation of High-Resolution Wind Fields from the WegenerNet Dense Meteorological Station Network in Southeastern Austria
Authors: Schlager Christoph , Kirchengast Gottfried , Fuchsberger Jürgen
Published: April 2017

An operational weather diagnostics application for automatic generation of wind fields in near–real time from observations delivered by the high-density WegenerNet meteorological station network in the Feldbach region of Austria is introduced. The purpose of the application is to empirically provide near-surface wind fields of very high spatial and temporal resolution for evaluating convection-permitting climate models as well as investigating weather and climate variability on a local scale. The diagnostic California Meteorological Model (CALMET) is used as the core tool. This model computes 3D wind fields based on observational weather data, a digital elevation model, and land-use categories. The application first produces the required input files from the WegenerNet stations and subsequently runs the CALMET model based on this input. In a third step the modeled wind fields are stored in the WegenerNet data archives every 30 min with a spatial resolution of 100 m × 100 m, while also generating averaged weather and climate products during postprocessing. The performance of the modeling against station observations, for which wind speeds were classified into weak and strong wind speeds, is evaluated and reasonably good results were found for both wind speed classes. The statistical agreement for the vector-mean wind speed is slightly better for weak wind speeds than for strong ones while the difference between modeled and observed wind directions is smaller for strong wind speeds than for weak ones. The application is also a valuable tool for other high-density networks.
Improving quality of life and physical health in patients with schizophrenia: A 30-month program carried out in a real-life setting
Authors: Hjorth Peter , Medici Clara Reece , Juel Anette , Madsen Nikolaj Juul , Vandborg Kirsten , Munk-Jørgensen Povl
Published: April 2017

Background:

Patients with schizophrenia experience low quality of life (QoL) and poor physical health, which is explained, in part, by unhealthy lifestyle, tobacco smoking, poor diet and sedentary behavior.

Aim:

To measure QoL and physical health in patients with schizophrenia and to quantify associations between QoL and physical health.

Methods:

This was a naturalistic longitudinal 30-month follow-up study including individual guidance, group sessions and treatment as usual.

Results:

We included 190 patients. QoL was low among newly diagnosed patients. Higher body mass index was significantly associated with lower QoL. Newly diagnosed male patients showed lower QoL compared with females. Newly diagnosed patients experienced worsened health during the study period. In contrast, long-term schizophrenic patients started with worse physical health but improved with regard to weight, waist circumferences, intake of fast food and soft drinks, and light physical activity level. Newly diagnosed patients improved their QoL ( p = .056), and the psychological domain improved by 8.0 points ( p = .003). The number of interventions was positively associated with QoL.

Conclusion:

Patients with schizophrenia presented with low QoL and elevated risk factors for poor physical health. The intervention added onto ‘treatment as usual’ improved some risk factors for poor physical health among long-term patients. The number of interventions had an elevating effect on QoL in patients.
The Duplicity of Tolerance: Lesbian Experiences in Nazi Berlin
Authors: Huneke Samuel Clowes
Published: April 2017

In 2008, a monument to the gay victims of the Holocaust was erected that paid tribute only to its male victims, reigniting a long-running debate regarding the fate of lesbians in the Third Reich. Using four previously unanalyzed police investigation files at the Landesarchiv Berlin, this article opens a window into the lives of lesbians living in Nazi Berlin. The four case studies below highlight the capricious nature of Nazi rule and the surprising ways in which discourses of homosexuality appeared in the everyday lives of prostitutes and factory workers. At the same time, they demonstrate a surprisingly robust and open world in which lesbianism was not only not persecuted, but even tolerated in limited ways. While these materials suggest a chasm that separated the experiences of gay men and lesbians under the Nazi regime, they also highlight not only the limits of tolerance but the ways in which it can reinforce persecution itself.
East–West cooperation in the automotive industry: Enterprises, mobility, production
Authors: Fava Valentina , Gatejel Luminita
Published: April 2017

The paper introduces the special issue ‘East–West cooperation in the automotive industry: Enterprises, mobility, production’ which includes four contributions on the development of socialist automotive industry and on the technological relations between Eastern and Western Europe during the Cold War. The 1960s and 1970s intense relations between socialist governments and Western European automobile companies provide further evidence of the permeability of the Iron Curtain, the early entanglements between the two blocs and the lack of internal cohesion inside each of them. The papers stress the role of the enterprise, both socialist and capitalist, as a crucial agent in directing East–West flows of technology and knowledge. They invite to reconsider the classical vision of West–East transfer of technology and to go deeper in the study of the political uses of foreign technology and on the processes of reception, adaptation and transformation of Western technologies in Socialist Europe.
Judicial oversight of life-ending withdrawal of assisted nutrition and hydration in disorders of consciousness in the United Kingdom: A matter of life and death
Authors: Rady Mohamed Y , Verheijde Joseph L.
Published: April 2017

Mr Justice Baker delivered the Oxford Shrieval Lecture ‘A Matter of Life and Death’ on 11 October 2016. The lecture created public controversies about who can authorise withdrawal of assisted nutrition and hydration (ANH) in disorders of consciousness (DOC). The law requires court permission in ‘best interests’ decisions before ANH withdrawal only in permanent vegetative state and minimally conscious state. Some clinicians favour abandoning the need for court approval on the basis that clinicians are already empowered to withdraw ANH in other common conditions of DOC (e.g. coma, neurological disorders, etc.) based on their best interests assessment without court oversight. We set out a rationale in support of court oversight of best interests decisions in ANH withdrawal intended to end life in any person with DOC (who will lack relevant decision-making capacity). This ensures the safety of the general public and the protection of vulnerable disabled persons in society.
A Field Theory Perspective on Journalist–Source Relations: A Study of ‘New Entrants’ and ‘Authorised Knowers’ among Scottish Muslims
Authors: Munnik Michael B
Published: April 2017

In this article, I apply Bourdieu’s field theory to research on the trajectories, strategies and relations of sources and journalists. I argue that the relational emphasis of field theory, modified by the concept of media meta-capital, can be a fruitful way of examining the social context in which representations of Muslims are produced. This advances scholarship that relies too heavily on content analysis to support judgements about news representations of Muslims. I use examples from original fieldwork in Glasgow to discuss the capital, autonomy and heteronomy of Muslim sources who are ‘authorised knowers’ and ‘new entrants’ in their source communities. These various positions are evident in their relative success in managing journalist–source relations, which encompass ‘legacy’ media platforms and emerging communication tools such as Twitter. The field theory perspective exposes relations that contribute to the work of representation but are invisible to other forms of analysis.
‘Swagger’: Urban Youth Culture, Consumption and Social Positioning
Authors: Mason Will
Published: April 2017

Sociological studies of youth culture have often focused on processes of social identification. Though some of this work has explored the importance of consumption within young people’s identity practices, much has foregrounded the effects of economic marginality and neglected the importance of ‘race’. This article explores the role of clothing and embodied dispositions, popularly referred to as ‘swagger’, within the ways that young people position themselves in relation to each other. Drawing on field notes and focus group data with a predominantly Somali sample of teenage boys, in a northern English city, this article elucidates the centrality of these seemingly mundane cultural signifiers within everyday processes of ‘racial’ and classed positioning. In doing so, the article seeks to extend contemporary studies of youth culture, consumption and identification by evidencing how marginalized young people simultaneously challenge and reaffirm their positioning, through the performance of stylized masculinity and swagger.
How Field Relationships Shape Theorizing
Authors: Blee Kathleen
Published: April 2017

Field relationships shape the questions that researchers ask and the theories they develop. This article compares my interactions with research participants in a study of white supremacists with those in a study of mainstream grassroots activists. It demonstrates how expectations and negotiations with research participants affect theorizing by channeling what researchers are primed to see, what they notice, and what they understand as a puzzle to be investigated.
Theft Is Property! The Recursive Logic of Dispossession
Authors: Nichols Robert
Published: April 2017

This article offers a preliminary critical-historical reconstruction of the concept of dispossession. Part I examines its role in eighteenth- and nineteenth- century struggles against European feudal land tenure. Drawing upon Marx’s critique of French anarchism in particular, I identify a persistent limitation at the heart of the concept. Since dispossession presupposes prior possession, recourse to it appears conservative and tends to reinforce the very proprietary and commoditized models of social relations that radical critics generally seek to undermine. Part II turns to use of the term in Indigenous struggles against colonization, both in order to better grasp the stakes of the above problematic and suggest a way beyond it. Through a reconstruction of arguments by Indigenous scholars and activists, I seek to show the coherence and novelty of their formulation by suggesting that dispossession has come to name a unique historical process, one in which property is generated under conditions that require divestment and alienation from those who appear, only retroactively, as its original owners. In this way, theft and property are related in a recursive, rather than strictly unilinear, manner. Part III provides a specific historical example in the form of nineteenth-century US property law concerning squatters and homesteaders.
Struggles against Territorial Disqualification: Mobilization for Dignified Housing and Defense of Heritage in Santiago
Authors: Angelcos Nicolás , Méndez María Luisa
Published: April 2017

A critical analysis of two conflicts associated with the displacement resulting from gentrification in Santiago, Chile, reveals that this displacement affects both the urban poor and the middle classes and that the common adversary is the real estate sector. The subjective experience of the groups involved can be understood in terms of the concept of territorial disqualification, a threat both to their positions in the social structure and to the recognition of the identities, personal and collective, that have been constructed about particular neighborhoods. The subject defended in struggles against territorial disqualification is the community. While class positions, specific demands, and territorial claims differ significantly, the structural framework in which neoliberal urbanism develops makes possible a confluence of class organizations that are susceptible to generating interclass strategies of opposition.

El análisis crítico de dos conflictos asociados con el desplazamiento provocado por la gentrificación en Santiago de Chile, revela que el desplazamiento afecta tanto a la población urbana pobre como a las clases medias y que el adversario común es el sector de bienes raíces. La experiencia subjetiva de los grupos involucrados se puede entender si usamos el concepto de descalificación territorial, una amenaza tanto a sus posiciones en la estructura social como al reconocimiento de sus identidades, personales y colectivas, que han sido construidas con relación a ciertos vecindarios. La comunidad es el sujeto que se defiende en las luchas en contra de la descalificación territorial. Aunque las posiciones de clase, las demandas específicas y los reclamos territoriales difieren considerablemente, el marco estructural en el que se desarrolla el urbanismo neoliberal facilita la confluencia de organizaciones de clase que son susceptibles de generar estrategias de oposición interclasistas.
Building Citizenship: The Struggle for Housing in Eastern Mexico City
Authors: Rodríguez Cortés Luisa F.
Published: April 2017

Urban social organizations have played a crucial role in the definition of political relations and the transformation of urban space. The practices established by a social organization working under conditions of poverty and vulnerability in the dispute over access to housing in eastern Mexico City produce an urban citizenship that is both weak and precarious, marked by tensions between autonomous practices and bargaining with state institutions, a rift between leaders and the grassroots, and targeted struggles that prevent the development of a shared sense of citizenship on a larger scale.

Las organizaciones sociales urbanas han jugado un papel fundamental en la definición de las relaciones políticas y la transformación del espacio urbano. Las prácticas establecidas por una organización social que lucha bajo condiciones de pobreza y vulnerabilidad por el acceso a la vivienda en la zona oriente de la Ciudad de México produce una ciudadanía urbana frágil y precaria, caracterizada por conflictos entre las prácticas autónomas y las negociaciones con las instituciones estatales, una brecha entre los líderes y las bases populares, y por luchas específicas que impiden el desarrollo de un sentido compartido de ciudadanía en gran escala.
The Memory of Inhabiting Modern Architecture: Villa Portales, 1955–2010
Authors: Forray Rosanna , Márquez Francisca
Published: April 2017

Villa Portales is an icon of modern architecture and urban planning of the 1950s and 1960s in Santiago de Chile. It embodies the political and institutional project of the time, which sought to respond to the need to establish a balance—although tenuous—in a fragile and strained economic and political system. This fact is crucial to understanding its socio-spatial objective, the administrative model it employed, and especially the crisis it has endured. The testimony of current Villa Portales dwellers points to a deterioration of its residents’ quality of life beginning in the 1980s with the changes in the role of the state introduced by the military dictatorship, the privatization of public services, and the termination of the Caja de Previsión de Empleados Particulares (Private Employees’ Pension Fund). Despite all this, the community was able to make this space a place of resistance and new meaning based on the sense of belonging arising from its architecture and its history.

Villa Portales es un ícono de la arquitectura moderna y de la planificación urbana de los años 50 y 60 en Santiago de Chile. Encarna el proyecto político e institucional de su tiempo, que trataba de responder a la necesidad de establecer un equilibrio—aunque fuera tenue — en un sistema económico y político frágil y al límite de sus capacidades. Esto es crucial si queremos entender su objetivo socio-espacial, el modelo administrativo que usó y, especialmente, la crisis que experimentó. El testimonio de los residentes actuales de Villa Portales señala un deterioro en la calidad de vida que comenzó en los 80 con los cambios en el rol del estado implantados por la dictadura militar, la privatización de los servicios públicos y la terminación de la Caja de Previsión de Empleados Particulares. A pesar de esto, la comunidad fue capaz de convertir este espacio en un lugar de resistencia con nuevos significados gracias al sentido de pertenencia que surge de su arquitectura y su historia.
Hold Firm: Gifted Learners Value Standing One’s Ground in Disagreements With a Friend
Authors: Chichekian Tanya , Shore Bruce M.
Published: April 2017

Seventy-four students in three different Grade 9 classrooms of high-performing learners from the same suburban, comprehensive secondary school, completed a questionnaire focused on their preferences for a friend to stand by his or her position in case of a disagreement, to maintain their own position themselves, and to modify their own stance. Each group reflected high performance in a different way: International Baccalaureate ( n = 27) requiring overall high grades, Enriched French ( n = 24) requiring second language proficiency, and Sports Excellence ( n = 23) based primarily on athletic ability. The International Baccalaureate students had the highest preference for standing one’s position, but were willing to ultimately modify their position. Sports Excellence students had the most friends, but the number of friends was not related to the preferences. Academically very able students seem to enjoy some disagreement with their friends.
Community Advisory Board Members’ Perspectives Regarding Opportunities and Challenges of Research Collaboration
Authors: Cramer Mary E. , Lazoritz Stephen , Shaffer Ken , Palm David , Ford Amy L.
Published: April 2017

This case study examines the perspectives of rural community advisory board (CAB) members regarding the opportunities and challenges of partnering with academic investigators on funded research. We used a sequential exploratory design to evaluate the phenomena. Qualitative and quantitative data from CAB members were integrated to gain better understanding. Results showed that CAB members valued professional networking and gaining new evidence-based knowledge to enhance their professional practices. They identified rurality, the academic research process, and fulfilling research roles as the most significant challenges. CAB members also believed that strong community-based leaders had been essential in promoting and sustaining a shared vision for evidence-based research solutions to their community problem. Self-evaluation is essential for effective CAB research partnerships, and nurse researchers can strengthen these collaborations by (a) providing continuing education on research and evidence-based practices, (b) assuring that perceived benefits of CAB participation outweigh perceived challenges, and (c) supporting community-based leadership.
Accuracy of Mobile‐Based Audiometry in the Evaluation of Hearing Loss in Quiet and Noisy Environments
Authors: Saliba Joe , Al‐Reefi Mahmoud , Carriere Junie S. , Verma Neil , Provencal Christiane , Rappaport Jamie M.
Published: April 2017

Objectives

(1) To compare the accuracy of 2 previously validated mobile‐based hearing tests in determining pure tone thresholds and screening for hearing loss. (2) To determine the accuracy of mobile audiometry in noisy environments through noise reduction strategies.

Study Design

Prospective clinical study.

Setting

Tertiary hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Thirty‐three adults with or without hearing loss were tested (mean age, 49.7 years; women, 42.4%). Air conduction thresholds measured as pure tone average and at individual frequencies were assessed by conventional audiogram and by 2 audiometric applications (consumer and professional) on a tablet device. Mobile audiometry was performed in a quiet sound booth and in a noisy sound booth (50 dB of background noise) through active and passive noise reduction strategies.

Results

On average, 91.1% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 89.1%‐93.2%) and 95.8% (95% CI, 93.5%‐97.1%) of the threshold values obtained in a quiet sound booth with the consumer and professional applications, respectively, were within 10 dB of the corresponding audiogram thresholds, as compared with 86.5% (95% CI, 82.6%‐88.5%) and 91.3% (95% CI, 88.5%‐92.8%) in a noisy sound booth through noise cancellation. When screening for at least moderate hearing loss (pure tone average >40 dB HL), the consumer application showed a sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 95.9%, respectively, and the professional application, 100% and 95.9%. Overall, patients preferred mobile audiometry over conventional audiograms.

Conclusion

Mobile audiometry can correctly estimate pure tone thresholds and screen for moderate hearing loss. Noise reduction strategies in mobile audiometry provide a portable effective solution for hearing assessments outside clinical settings.
Do not overlook lonely children
Authors: Nishimura Takuma , Murakami Tatsuya , Sakurai Shigeo
Published: April 2017

The present article investigated the longitudinal influence of loneliness on peer acceptance in school through two longitudinal studies; specifically, we hypothesized a bidirectional view on the relationship between loneliness and peer acceptance. In Study 1, a total of 383 Japanese elementary school students in fourth and fifth grades (207 boys and 176 girls, aged 9–11) at three public schools in Japan participated in an 18-month longitudinal study. Through a comparison of hypothetical models, the accepted model showed a ripple effect of loneliness on peer acceptance. Subsequently, in Study 2, a total of 506 Japanese elementary school students in fourth to sixth grades (253 boys and 253 girls, aged 9–12) at two public schools in Japan participated in a 6-month longitudinal study. The statistically accepted cross-lagged model indicated a bidirectional influence between loneliness and peer acceptance. These findings indicate a strong link between loneliness and peer acceptance from a longitudinal bidirectional perspective and suggest the importance of early educational practices for lonely children to prevent them from entering this vicious cycle.