bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Vocal Singing Training Methods Using Intelligent Big Data Technology
Authors: Lin Yong , Mao Kang
Published: July 2022

The development of art education and information technology has led to the importance of computer technology and multimedia technology in the development of students’ independent inquiry and research skills. In the context of “Internet+,” new modes of teaching phonics have emerged, reconfiguring the spatial and temporal relationship of phonics education. The use of Internet resources is not only a simple collection and sharing of educational resources, but also a new way of teaching voice, which has the magic charm of becoming one of the resources for the majority of voice enthusiasts. However, in practice, there are very few assistive software suitable for music classroom teaching. It is important to research and implement teaching aids suitable for music classroom teaching. Based on intelligent big data technology to optimize the phonetic training methods, the teaching methods are more specific, scientific, and diverse, and improve the self-learning ability and learning interest of Chinese phonetic learners. The experimental results show that the weight of the phonetic teaching optimization process is 0.154 higher than the weight before processing, which is expressed as the value of the control reliability fuzzy quantifier in this test. In other words, the reliability is “absolutely reliable.” Therefore, this study is expected to promote the modernization and scientific process of Chinese vocal education and propose a new way of thinking for Chinese vocal education.
Hydroalcoholic Extract of Sechium edule Fruits Attenuates QT Prolongation in High Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Mice
Authors: Mohammed Firdous Sayed , Ghosh Arya , Pal Sourav , Das Chayan , Alomar Suliman Yousef , Patwekar Mohsina , Patwekar Faheem , Jeon Byong-Hun , Islam Fahadul
Published: July 2022

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Sechium edule (S.E.) fruits on lipid profile and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters in high fat-diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemic mice. In this study, grouping of animals was done as described below (n = 6), where group 1 is normal control, group 2 is HFD control, group 3 is HFD + atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), group 4 is HFD + S.E. extract (200 mg/kg), and group 5 is HFD + S.E. extract (400 mg/kg). The first 3 weeks animals were supplemented with HFD, and the last 3 weeks animals were supplemented with HFD along with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) or S.E. extract (200 and 400 mg/kg). It was observed that mice of the HFD control group showed a significant rise in the total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and VLDL-C levels and a notable decrease in HDL-C levels. In addition, a consequential increment in ECG parameters such as QT or QTc and RR interval and a noteworthy decline in the heart rate were observed in HFD control mice. Treatment with S.E. extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) showed a significant improvement in the lipid profile. Moreover, the extract also significantly normalized the prolonged QT or QTc and RR interval and the heart rate in HFD-challenged mice. Hence, we can conclude that S.E. extract encumbers the prolongation of QT or QTc and RR interval and increased the heart rate in HFD-challenged mice.
Clinical Significance of Inflammatory Factors, Osteocalcin, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Drug Treatment of Severe Periodontitis
Authors: Gao Jinxing , Shui Wenjun , Ren Lei
Published: July 2022

Whether gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) indexes in patients with severe periodontitis affect the efficacy of drug treatment was a new direction of recent research. At present, there were few studies on the effects of inflammatory indicators, BGP, and MMP-8 levels in GCF on the efficacy of drug treatment in such patients. So the purpose of this study was to observe the changes in osteocalcin (BGP), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and inflammatory indexes levels in GCF of patients with severe periodontitis. The correlation between the above indexes and the effect of drug treatment in the patients was analyzed, in order to provide guidance for improving the clinical curative effect of severe periodontitis. A retrospective analysis was conducted to collect the baseline data of patients with severe periodontitis who were treated with Minocycline Hydrochloride Ointment in our hospital. The inflammatory indicators, BGP, and MMP-8 levels in GCF were analyzed before drug treatment, and the treatment effect on the patients was counted. Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between BGP, MMP-8, and inflammatory indicators levels in GCF and the drug treatment effect on the patients. After statistical analysis, we found that the response rate was 69% and the inefficiency was 31%. There were no significant differences in C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels between the inefficacy group and efficacy group (

P
>
0.05

). Compared with the efficacy group, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), BGP, and MMP-8 were increased in the inefficacy group. High levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, BGP, and MMP-8 were associated with ineffective drug treatment in patients with severe periodontitis (all OR >1 and

P
<
0.05

). Levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, BGP, and MMP-8 predicted that the AUCs of drug treatment failure in patients with severe periodontitis were all greater than 0.7, which were 1.398, 1.458, 1.244, 1.012, and 1.012, respectively. From this, we can conclude that increased levels of BGP, MMP-8, and inflammatory indicators such as IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 in GCF would increase the risk of ineffective drug treatment in patients with severe periodontitis. The clinical treatment plan could be adjusted according to the levels of the above indicators in GCF to improve the effectiveness of drug treatment in patients.
Tetracycline-Resistant Genes in Escherichia coli from Clinical and Nonclinical Sources in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Perewari Doubra Otis , Otokunefor Kome , Agbagwa Obakpororo Ejiro
Published: July 2022

Background. Monitoring the occurrence of tetracycline resistance and its determinants in both clinical and nonclinical settings is essential in understanding the role played by continuous usage of this drug in animal husbandry and the withdrawal of this drug from clinical practice. Limited information is available on this from our locale. This study, therefore, set out to explore the occurrence of specific tetracycline-resistant genes in Escherichia coli from clinical and nonclinical sources in Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods. Two hundred clinical and nonclinical samples were analyzed for the presence of E. coli using standard phenotypic and genotypic tests. Susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method, and specific tetracycline-resistant genes (tetA, tetB, tetG, and tetM) were assayed. Results. Results showed that stool samples had the highest occurrence of E. coli (39, 78%), and soil had the lowest (13, 26%). Tetracycline resistance was observed in 80.7% of total isolates. The tetA genes were the most commonly occurring (n = 80, 89.9%) detected in confirmed E. coli isolates, and tetG, the least commonly occurring (n = 16,18%) of isolates. The combined presence of tetA-tetM was the highest (n = 14, 15.7%), followed by tetA-tetB (n = 13, 14.8%). Conclusion. The present study reports on the occurrence and distribution of four tetracycline-resistant determinants in E. coli from clinical and nonclinical sources in Rivers State, Nigeria. The high-level occurrence of the most commonly occurring tetracycline gene even in nonclinical isolates could be indicative of a potential reservoir of this resistance. And, this could limit the reintroduction of tetracycline even in combination therapy.
Risk Evaluation of the New Fintech Institutions in China Based on Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: YU Kui
Published: July 2022

The ongoing digital transformation is being undertaken by the financial institutions on the upgrade in China. The risks are accumulated synchronously in the middle of establishing differentiated competitive advantages through information technology innovations by the new fintech institutions. In this study, a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is adopted to figure out the risk evaluation of the new fintech institutions in China, identifying those at risk as early as possible. Firstly, several level 1 indicators of the risk evaluation system of the new fintech institutions and corresponding subordinate level 2 indicators are determined, followed by rating the level 2 indicators of each new fintech institution ready for risk evaluation ranking, which leads to the risk evaluation matrix of each level 1 indicator. Secondly, the new fintech institutions are classified into the theoretically ideal “optimal,” “medium,” and “worst” categories by establishing the membership matrix of each level 1 indicator in the application of linear transformation formula. Thirdly, the degree of proximity is exploited in comparison of the fuzzy sets in pairs to form the fuzzy recognition model of each level 1 indicator in pursuit of the new fintech institutions least risky regarding each level 1 indicator. Finally, the fuzzy recognition models of each level 1 indicator are integrated into the construction of the fuzzy recognition model regarding the whole risk evaluation system to achieve the risk ranking of the new fintech institutions. This study aimed to provide a theoretical ground and an applied method for national regulators to monitor the fintech risks, which are prone to be avoided by the enterprises and individuals.
Secure and Efficient Semantic Extension Search over Encrypted Documents by Integrating Cloud and Fog Systems
Authors: Wang Na , Jiao Jian , Zhang Shancheng , Fu Junsong
Published: July 2022

With the explosive increase of document files, more and more data owners outsource their documents to the public cloud, which can decrease the costs of local data management systems. However, the problem of information privacy leakage in the cloud is a great challenge and it has been attracting more and more attention. In this article, we propose a secure and efficient document search scheme, named SES, based on both the cloud and fog systems. All the documents are symmetrically encrypted before being outsourced to the cloud, and an index vector is constructed based on the keywords for each document. Specifically, we integrate the position information of keywords into the TF-IDF model to generate document vectors, which are accurate and inherent summarizations about the documents. In query requests, a data user needs to provide a set of keywords, which are first extended by the Word2Vec tool and then mapped to a query vector. The extension process of keywords makes the provided keywords more comprehensive and accurate, and hence, it improves document search accuracy. To achieve the forward and backward security, both the document vectors and query vectors are appended with an ingenious vector. The relevance score between a document and a query is defined as the inner product of the document vector and the query vector. We return the most

k

relevant documents as the search results to the data users. To protect the contextual information stored in the document and query vectors, we encrypt the vectors by the secure kNN algorithm. To improve the search efficiency, a searchable index structure for the document set is constructed based on the Diffie–Hellman secret key negotiation algorithm. The analysis and simulation results illustrate that the proposed scheme performs well in terms of both security and search efficiency.
Midair Gestural Techniques for Translation Tasks in Large-Display Interaction
Authors: Remizova Vera , Gizatdinova Yulia , Surakka Veikko
Published: July 2022

Midair gestural interaction has gained a lot of attention over the past decades, with numerous attempts to apply midair gestural interfaces with large displays (and TVs), interactive walls, and smart meeting rooms. These attempts, reviewed in numerous studies, utilized differing gestural techniques for the same action making them inherently incomparable, which further makes it difficult to summarize recommendations for the development of midair gestural interaction applications. Therefore, the aim was to take a closer look at one common action, translation, that is defined as dragging (or moving) an entity to a predefined target position while retaining the entity’s size and rotation. We compared performance and subjective experiences (participants = 30) of four midair gestural techniques (i.e., by fist, palm, pinch, and sideways) in the repetitive translation of 2D objects to short and long distances with a large display. The results showed statistically significant differences in movement time and error rate favoring translation by palm over pinch and sideways at both distances. Further, fist and sideways gestural techniques showed good performances, especially at short and long distances correspondingly. We summarize the implications of the results for the design of midair gestural interfaces, which would be useful for interaction designers and gesture recognition researchers.
A Survival Status Classification Model for Osteosarcoma Patients Based on E-CNN-SVM and Multisource Data Fusion
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Peng Peng , Gu Yi
Published: July 2022

Traditional algorithms have the following drawbacks: (1) they only focus on a certain aspect of genetic data or local feature data of osteosarcoma patients, and the extracted feature information is not considered as a whole; (2) they do not equalize the sample data between categories; (3) the generalization ability of the model is weak, and it is difficult to perform the task of classifying the survival status of osteosarcoma patients better. In this context, this paper designs a survival status prediction model for osteosarcoma patients based on E-CNN-SVM and multisource data fusion, taking into full consideration the characteristics of the small number of samples, high dimensionality, and interclass imbalance of osteosarcoma patients’ genetic data. The model fuses four gene sequencing data highly correlated with bone tumors using the random forest algorithm in a dimensionality reduction and then equalizes the data using a hybrid sampling method combining the SMOTE algorithm and the TomekLink algorithm; secondly, the CNN model with the incentive module is used to further extract features from the data for more accurate extraction of characteristic information; finally, the data are passed to the SVM model to further improve the stability and classification performance of the model. The model has been demonstrated to be more effective in improving the accuracy of the classification of patients with osteosarcoma.
PSO Algorithm-Based Design of Intelligent Education Personalization System
Authors: Li Pengjiao , Yang Jun
Published: July 2022

The application of artificial intelligence in the field of education is becoming more and more extensive and in-depth. The intelligent education system can not only solve the limitations of location, time, and resources in the traditional learning field but it can also provide learners with a convenient, real-time, and interactive learning environment and has become one of the important applications in the Internet field. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a swarm intelligence-enabled stochastic optimization scheme. It is derived from a model of bird population foraging behavior. Because of its benefits of ease of implementation, high accuracy, and quick convergence, this algorithm has gained the attention of academics, and it has demonstrated its supremacy in addressing real issues. This paper aims to study the optimization of PSO in the field of computational intelligence, improve the matching degree of learning resource recommendation and learning path optimization, and improve the learning efficiency of online learners. This paper suggests intelligent education as the center, takes the PSO algorithm as the main research object, and expounds the related concepts of intelligent education and PSO algorithm. It uses swarm intelligence algorithms for intelligent education personalized services. He focuses on PSO algorithm and its work in intelligent education recommendation and learning path planning. Experiments show that the average value of the difference between the two obtained by the NBPSO algorithm is 1.13E + 02 and the variance 1.88E + 02 is the smallest. Therefore, PSO aids in improving the quality and consistency of online course resource development. In conclusion, the research results of this paper further demonstrate the advantages of PSO algorithm in solving the problem of personalized service in intelligent education. It can promote the in-depth application of swarm intelligence optimization algorithms in intelligent online learning systems. This effectively enhances the intelligent service level of the online learning system and increases the efficiency of online learning.
Abnormal GRHL2 Methylation Confers Malignant Progression to Acute Leukemia
Authors: Hua Jing , Ma Congcong , Wang Chao Hui , Wang Yan , Feng Saran , Xiao Taiwu , Zhu ChuanSheng
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Abnormal methylation of Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) is associated with a substantial role in the malignant phenotype of tumor patients. Our present research is aimed at studying the abnormal expression of GRHL2 and the association of methylation in patients with acute leukemia and its relationship with prognosis. Materials and Methods. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for detecting the aberrant expression level of GRHL2 in 60 patients with acute leukemia and 60 normal controls. We analyzed the significant correlation between the expression level of GRHL2 with clinicopathological features and patients’ prognosis in acute leukemia using the corresponding statistical methods. Secondly, we employed qRT-PCR and Western blotting to detect the mRNA and protein levels of GRHL2 in leukemia cell lines. Next, we used methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) technology for detecting the methylation of GRHL2 in clinical samples with acute leukemia and cell lines. Then we investigated the demethylating effect of arsenic trioxide and 5-azacitidine on the mRNA and protein expression levels of GRHL2 in cell lines of acute leukemia. Finally, we studied the effects of arsenide trioxide and 5-azacitidine on the proliferation of leukemia cells and the TGF-β signaling pathway. Results. We found a lower level of GRHL2 expression not only in acute leukemia patients but also in cell lines when compared with normal controls. At the same time, the expression level of GRHL2 in patients with acute leukemia was significantly correlated with leukocyte count, platelet count, and cytogenetic risk grouping. In addition, the lower GRHL2 expression group showed a significantly lower overall survival rate in acute leukemia patients than that of patients with a higher GRHL2 expression group. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the expression of GRHL2 is an independent risk factor in acute leukemia patients. The methylation level of the GRHL2 promoter region in acute leukemia patients and cell lines was significantly higher than the normal control group, and we found the elevated mRNA and protein levels of GRHL2 in acute leukemia cell lines after the use of the demethylation drug arsenic trioxide and 5-azacitidine. At the same time, arsenide trioxide and 5-azacitidine are associated with the inhibition of cellular proliferation of acute leukemia cells and also promote the elevated expression of TGF-β signaling pathway-linked proteins, including TGF-β, Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4. Conclusion. Increased expression and methylation level of GRHL2 are closely associated with the prognosis and malignant phenotype of acute leukemia patients and play an irreplaceable role in the occurrence and development of patients with acute leukemia.
Ultrasonic Image Monitoring of High-Risk Pregnant Women Based on Image Deblurring Method
Authors: Zhong Weihua , Liu Dan
Published: July 2022

The method of image deblurring is one of the research hotspots in the field of image restoration, and its purpose is to restore the damaged blurred image to a clear image. Under normal circumstances, the image deblurring process is the key to accurately recovering unknown images, and it is crucial that the image recovery model can be used fully and effectively when configuring the image recovery model. The main task of this paper is to use an effective optimization model to obtain a more accurate core and restore a clear image. High-risk parturients refer to high-risk parturients in pregnancy and pregnant women with high-risk pregnancy factors, and other three-dimensional ultrasound images TUI dynamic monitoring technology provides timely clues to the fetus’s kidney length, width, and abnormal development of the fetal kidney during pregnancy and tracks the fetus Renal pelvis has different outcomes beyond the normal range. In this paper, three-dimensional ultrasound is used to examine the kidneys. At the same time, 3D ultrasound image TUI technology is used to measure the long diameter, transverse diameter, and anteroposterior diameter of the fetal kidney, and the monitoring processing system is used to measure the volume of the fetal kidney. 30 fetuses with unilateral renal pelvis anterior and posterior diameter ≥10 mm were randomly examined during the case using two-dimensional ultrasound. Using three-dimensional ultrasound TUI and VOCA technology to measure the front and back of the renal pelvis, the thickness of the kidney, the resistance index of the renal hilar renal artery, and the resistance index of the renal pelvis content, this can reduce the risk of high-risk mothers and even reduce the risk to zero.
Corrigendum to “Smarandache Ruled Surfaces according to Frenet-Serret Frame of a Regular Curve in E3”
Authors: Ouarab Soukaina
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we introduce original definitions of Smarandache ruled surfaces according to Frenet-Serret frame of a curve in E3. It concerns TN-Smarandache ruled surface, TB-Smarandache ruled surface, and NB-Smarandache ruled surface. We investigate theorems that give necessary and sufficient conditions for those special ruled surfaces to be developable and minimal. Furthermore, we present examples with illustrations.
New Insights into Macular Type of Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma: Extension of the Clinical and Histopathological Patterns
Authors: Barzilai Aviv , Amitay-Laish Iris , Didkovsky Elena , Feinmesser Meora , Dalal Adam , Schiby Ginette , Hodak Emmilia
Published: July 2022

Background: Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL) classically presents with papules, plaques, and nodules/tumors. Previous reports of PCBCL manifesting with macular lesions are scarce and focused on primary cutaneous follicle-center cell lymphoma (PCFCL). Objectives: The objective of this study was to report our experience with PCBCL presenting with erythematous macules. Methods: Patients with low-grade PCBCL manifesting with erythematous patches, diagnosed and managed between January 2000 through December 2019 at 2 tertiary cutaneous-lymphoma outpatient clinics, were included. Clinical data were retrospectively collected, and biopsy specimens of the macules, and if present of the typical nodular/tumoral lesions, were reviewed. Results: There were 14 patients, aged 16–67 years, 8 had PCFCL and 6 marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL). All had 1–15 cm erythematous macules, mimicking: interstitial granuloma annulare/vascular tumors/early-stage folliculotropic mycosis fungoides, or presenting with figurate erythema or livedo reticularis-like/net-like pattern. In 3 patients, macules were the presenting lesions, in 2 as the sole manifestation, whereas in 12 patients, typical PCBCL lesions were observed during disease course. The macules showed in all, superficial and deep perivascular infiltrates, and in most, periadnexal infiltrates. Micronodules were observed in 11 specimens, with nodular infiltrates also observed in 4. B cells comprised the majority of the lymphocytes in only 4. Seven of 11 cases tested showed immunoglobulin heavy chain monoclonality. Conclusions: PCMZL and PCFCL may manifest with erythematous macules. Physicians should be aware of this unusual manifestation of low-grade PCBCL, which may represent a clinicopathological diagnostic pitfall.
An Efficacy Study of Voice Quality Using Cepstral Analyses of Phonation in Parkinson’s Disease before and after SPEAK-OUT!®
Authors: Boutsen Frank R. , Park Eunsun , Dvorak Justin D.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: SPEAK-OUT!® is a behavioral treatment for hypokinetic dysarthria in persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) that has become an alternative to the gold-standard Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) in recent years. Acoustic evaluation of the efficacy of SPEAK-OUT!® therapy has focused on prosody. The purpose of this study was to investigate SPEAK-OUT!® efficacy in terms of vocal quality and its impact on quality of life. Vocal quality was measured acoustically using cepstral peak prominence (CPP) analysis and the Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI) and perceptually using clinical ratings of speech performance. Impact on quality of life was measured with the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL). An additional goal of this study was to investigate whether dysarthria severity and disease duration were predictive of changes in voice quality due to SPEAK-OUT!®. Methods: Pre- and post-therapy data included PD participants’ acoustic and perceptual ratings of audio recordings. Demographic data included age, sex, diagnosis, duration of PD, and severity of dysarthria. Results: Participants achieved significant improvement in the vowel and sentence CPP smoothed (CPPS) mean score as well as in their AVQI score post SPEAK-OUT!® treatment. Improvements in AVQI correlated negatively with disease duration and positively with dysarthria severity. Discussion/Conclusion: SPEAK-OUT!® is effective in improving voice quality in patients with hypokinetic dysarthria due to idiopathic PD. Patients with more severe dysarthria and with a shorter disease duration may benefit the most, supporting earlier intervention. As for the type of measurement, AVQI combines acoustics from both vowel and sentence contexts and may therefore be the measure of choice over CPPS (vowel) or CPPS (sentence).
Individual and Joint Effects of Influenza-Like Illness and Vaccinations on Stroke in the Young: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Vollmer Brandi L. , Solowey Julia , Chen Xing , Chang Bernard P. , Williams Olajide , Kulick Erin R. , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Boehme Amelia K.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Influenza-like illness (ILI) is an acute trigger for stroke, although joint effects of vaccinations and ILI have not yet been explored.

Methods:

Data for our case-control study was obtained from MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters between 2008 and 2014. Patients 18 to 65 years old who experienced a stroke were matched on age and admission date to a control, defined as patients with head trauma or ankle sprain at an inpatient or emergency department visit. Exposures were ILI in the prior 30 days, and any type of vaccination during the year prior. Our outcome was ischemic and intracerebral hemorrhagic strokes identified using
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9
) codes. Logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) controlling for preventive care visits, diabetes, valvular heart disease, smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, and hypertension.

Results:

We identified and matched 24 103 cases 18 to 44 years old and 141 811 45 to 65 years old. Those aged 18 to 44 years had increased stroke risk 30 days after ILI (aOR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.51–1.86]) and reduced risk with any vaccination in the year prior (aOR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.87–0.99]). Joint effects indicate that ILI was associated with increased stroke risk among those with (aOR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.08–1.85]) and without (aOR, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.55–1.94]) vaccinations in the prior year (
P
interaction
=0.16). Among those aged 45 to 65 years, adjusted analyses indicate increased stroke risk for those with ILI (aOR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.26–1.38]), although there was no effect of vaccinations (aOR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.97–1.02]). Joint effects indicate that ILI was not associated with stroke among those with any vaccination (aOR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.96–1.18]) but was associated with increased risk among those without vaccinations ([aOR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.32–1.47];
P
interaction
<0.001).

Conclusions:

ILI was associated with increased stroke risk in the young and middle-aged, while vaccinations of any type were associated with decreased risk among the young. Joint effects of ILI and vaccinations indicate vaccinations can reduce the effect of ILI on stroke.
Police, ambulance and psychiatric co-response versus usual care for mental health and suicide emergency callouts: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Every-Palmer Susanna , Kim Alice Hyun Min , Cloutman Lauren , Kuehl Silke
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Mental health–related calls to emergency services made via 111 (New Zealand) or 000 (Australia) often represent critical junctures for the person in crisis. Traditionally, police, ambulance and mental health services work separately to manage such emergencies. Sequential agency responses may be protracted and cause escalation. This study tests multi-agency co-response aiming for more integrated, faster, safer and less coercive management of mental health crises.

Methods:

Immediate and 1-month outcomes of mental health emergency calls made to police and ambulance were compared according to whether they occurred on days with co-response availability. Outcomes measured included emergency department admission and waiting times, psychiatric admissions, compulsory treatment, use of force, detention in police cells and the time to resolution of the event. Relative risk estimates were constructed.

Results:

A total 1273 eligible mental health emergency callouts occurred between March 2020 and March 2021 (38% coded ‘mental health’ emergencies, 48% suicide risk and 14% as ‘other’), 881 on days with co-response availability and 392 on days without. Co-response interventions were resolved faster and were more likely to be community-based. Fewer than one-third (32%) led to emergency department admissions, compared with close to half (45%) on days without co-response (risk ratio: 0.7 [0.6, 0.8]). In the following month, the number of emergency department and mental health admissions reduced ( p < 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in use of force and few people were detained in police custody.

Conclusion:

Co-response intervention increased the likelihood of mental health crises being resolved in the community and reduced hospitalisations. Benefits were sustained at 1 month.
A Forum on the Politics of Skills
Authors: Osterman Paul , Lowe Nichola , Anderson Bridget , Trotter Joe William , Iskander Natasha , Agarwala Rina
Published: July 2022

The ILR Review invited this group of scholars who work within the fields of sociology, history, and urban planning to share their perspective on the politics of skills. We called on their expertise to draw attention to the politics that drive the definition and development of skill and its use in shaping the rights and voice of workers. The essays in this forum explore the politics of skill along three lines. First, they interrogate the definition and assessment of skill, with particular attention to the ways that structural markers of social difference—such as race, gender, class, and immigration status—shape the valuation of skill. Second, they analyze the ways that the interpretation of skill is shaped by power dynamics at the worksite and in the broader economy. This line of analysis also considers possibilities for industrial renewal and labor mobilization. And third, the essays explore how skill classifications are used to narrow political and civil rights and to justify forms of exploitation and dehumanization.
Self Defense is Killing Us
Authors: Hollas Deanna
Published: July 2022

Much of the gun violence prevention debate has been around gun control and personal responsibility when the focus should be on the hidden power and influence of the gun industry that has shaped the narrative in order to maximize profit and stay in business. This article unmasks the gun industry’s marketing strategy so that we can begin to have a different conversation around what actually makes us safe and take action to end gun violence.
Guns, Grief, and Longing for God’s Grace: A Pastor’s Perspective on Guns and Gun Violence
Authors: Evans Alexander W.
Published: July 2022

Americans continue to be seduced by guns and victimized by gun violence. Following racial tensions across the land, especially since 2020, Americans also face increasing suspicion and hostility towards police. This essay intends to navigate the complex intersection of a culture of grief surrounding gun violence. There is careful consideration for police who find themselves too often overwhelmed in a violent society, and the discussion also considers the responsibility for people of faith to work towards a safer and more peaceful future.
Facilitating Collaboration for Responsible Management Education: Voluntary Brokerage in the PRME Network
Authors: Ceulemans Kim , Finstad-Milion Krista , Avetisyan Emma
Published: July 2022

Intermediary actors have been recognized for their role in facilitating collaborations to achieve sustainability goals. Yet how voluntary sustainability collaborations, guided by intermediary actors, unfold in practice remains underdeveloped. Building on empirical data from the Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) network and using a network brokerage lens, we unfold dynamics of voluntary sustainability collaboration in the presence of an intermediary actor. We find that intermediaries act as sustained iungens brokers in voluntary sustainability collaborations, by connecting other actors and coordinating new collaborations in a multi-level network. Their activities are affected by tensions inherent to iungens brokerage in a voluntary setting, and factors influencing the success of the network collaborations. We contribute to the sustainability literature by offering a firsthand view on the dynamics of sustainability collaborations through an autoethnographic approach. We provide implications for sustainability collaborations in voluntary settings and recommendations for advancing responsible management education through collaboration.
Consistent approach to onset theory
Authors: Baar Simon , Pavlov Leonid , Kassapoglou Christos
Published: July 2022

Onset Theory (previously known as Strain Invariant Failure Theory) is a physics-based composite failure criterion attempting to predict failure at the level of constituents rather than for a homogenized ply. Applying Onset Theory correctly requires a number of steps. As a starting point for other researchers, a consistent approach is developed by resolving contradictions found in literature. This includes the micromechanical FEA process used to determine the individual fiber and matrix strains, such as correct choice of representative volume elements (RVEs), the use of transformed RVEs, boundary conditions, and the location of data extraction points. Analytical expressions are provided to determine the full state of strain in a ply, including in-plane and out-of-plane Poisson’s strains and thermally induced mechanical strains. Literature definitions of the critical invariants are discussed, and a trend in critical distortional invariants is observed. Assumptions and limitations of the theory are identified. Finally, a failure envelope is compared to World Wide Failure Exercise test data.
Markets, Merchants, and the State in Early Medieval Western India
Authors: Gupta Geetika
Published: July 2022

The paper seeks to look into the role played by the rulers and the merchant class in the emergence of exchange centers (or market centers) in Western India, particularly Rajasthan and Gujarat, during the early medieval period. The paper tries to examine the combined efforts made by both the ruling class and private individuals in the agrarian expansion, which in turn encouraged exchange (trade and commerce) and ultimately paved way for the rise of different exchange centers in different parts of Western India. The focus is on the rising agricultural productivity, commercial transactions, and initiatives by rulers and merchants, which together provided suitable climate for the emergence of exchange centers. Rulers being aware of the revenue-generating potential of commerce themselves encouraged trade by establishing markets. Not only rulers but the merchants too helped in the growth of trade and commerce during the period of study.
Theorizing Racist Ableism in Higher Education
Authors: Mireles Danielle
Published: July 2022

Background/Context:

Although research on the experiences of multiply-marginalized Black and Brown students with dis/abilities in higher education is limited, this growing body of work indicates that these students navigate racialized perceptions of ability, which impact their experiences on college and university campuses. This research highlights the need for intersectional frameworks that consider students’ multiple identities and the limitations of single-identity–focused frameworks.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study:

Centering the counternarratives of 10 Black and Brown undergraduate students with dis/abilities across five college and university campuses, this article uses critical race theory (CRT), disability critical race theory (DisCrit), and racist nativism to develop a conceptual framework of racist ableism. Racist ableism bridges CRT, DisCrit, and racist nativism to describe how particular forms of ableism, informed by racist attitudes and beliefs, oppress and dehumanize Black and Brown people based on actual or perceived (or, inversely, lack of perceived) dis/ability, thereby reinforcing the relationship between whiteness and ability.

Research Design:

I examined the counternarratives of 10 Black and Brown undergraduate students who identified or have the lived experience of dis/ability. Counternarratives allowed me to center the stories of students. I identify three overarching findings: (1) Black and Brown dis/abled students navigated racialized perceptions of intelligence, productivity, and academic capability; (2) Black and Brown dis/abled students were pathologized as lazy and/or deviant, which minimized or erased their access needs; and (3) Black and Brown dis/abled students resisted racist ableist discourses.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

The counternarratives of students reveal how racialized perceptions of ability shaped their experiences interacting with staff and their ability to access institutional supports such as accommodations. They also reveal the critical raced-disabled epistemologies of Black and Brown students who identify or have been labeled as dis/abled. Their counternarratives highlight the need for: (1) intersectional frameworks that account for the ways in which racism and ableism are interconnected, and (2) race-conscious policies and practices that consider their multidimensional identities.
How Do Marital Transitions Affect Self-Perceptions of Aging?
Authors: Turner Shelbie G. , Witzel Dakota D. , Stawski Robert S. , Hooker Karen
Published: July 2022

Objectives

We analyzed whether marital status and experiences of marital loss or gain were associated with self-perceptions of aging (SPA), a major psychosocial mechanism of healthy aging.

Method

We used data from 7028 participants of the Health and Retirement Study. Participants reported their marital status and their positive and negative SPA on two occasions 4 years apart. We ran general linear models to analyze differences in SPA between men and women who remained married, became divorced or widowed, or remarried following divorce or widowhood.

Results

Participants who experienced marital loss had lower positive SPA than participants who remained marred. Participants who experienced marital gain had lower negative SPA than participants who remained married. None of the associations differed between men and women.

Discussion

Results suggest that it may not be marital status itself, but rather the transition into or out of marriage, that impacts how people appraise their own aging.
Exploring the Facilitators and Barriers to Maintaining Intimate Relationships during Covid-19 through Online Photovoice Methodology
Authors: Genc Emel , Tanhan Ahmet , Kose Ozlem
Published: July 2022

The pandemic has challenged couples and family relationships and resulted in conflict. Albeit the challenges, some positive outcomes on people may have been possibly protecting and repairing their relationships. The current study aimed to explore the potential barriers and facilitators for individuals. Online Photovoice method was applied to 118 individuals, who were in a romantic relationship. Data were analyzed using the Online Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to identify themes. The findings revealed 16 facilitators and 13 barrier themes. Among those themes, spending more time with the loved ones, finding opportunities to develop spirituality and peace, and using technology to sustain a sense of connectedness, were the most frequently reported facilitators. On the other hand, the most expressed barriers were reported as the Covid-19 restrictions, home confinement, separation from family, and having destructive feelings. Implications for future research and mental health providers are discussed.
Association between the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials and age in patients with schizophrenia and depression
Authors: Jang Kuk-In , Kim Sungkean , Lee Chany , Chae Jeong-Ho
Published: July 2022

Objective

Although serotonergic dysfunction is significantly associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), comparison of serotonergic dysfunction in both diseases has received little attention. Serotonin hypotheses have suggested diminished and elevated serotonin activity in MDD and SCZ, respectively. However, the foundations underlying these hypotheses are unclear regarding changes in serotonin neurotransmission in the aging brain. The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) reflects serotonin neurotransmission. The present study compared the LDAEP between patients with SCZ or MDD and healthy controls (HCs). We further examined whether age was correlated with the LDAEP and clinical symptoms.

Methods

This prospective clinical study included 105 patients with SCZ (n = 54) or MDD (n = 51). Additionally, 35 HCs were recruited for this study. The LDAEP was measured on the midline channels via 62 electroencephalography channels.

Results

Patients with SCZ or MDD showed a significantly smaller mean LDAEP than those in HCs. The LDAEP was positively correlated with age in patients with SCZ or MDD.

Conclusions

Changes in central serotonergic activity could be indicated by evaluating the LDAEP in patients with SCZ or MDD. Age-related reductions in serotonergic activity may be screened using the LDAEP in patients with SCZ or MDD.
Clinical application and prospect of MRD evaluation in lung cancer based on ctDNA level: A review
Authors: Yan Xing , Liu Changhong
Published: July 2022

Lung cancer is one of the most malignant cancers in China with a rising incidence rate. Despite the fact that surgical treatment is the only possible cure for lung cancer, its long-term efficacy is compromised by the high level of postoperative local recurrence rate. Minimal residual disease is the leading cause of tumor recurrence, yet the suggested combination of clinical, radiological and serological (carcinoembryonic antigen) tests fails to reveal the underlying residual tissue in all stage I-III lung cancer cases, which makes tumor recurrence surveillance timely. Through monitoring circulating tumor DNA, the minimal residual disease level can be accessed and provide guidance for more precise postoperative personalized treatment, and its scientific feasibility can revolutionize lung cancer therapy. In the present review we summarized the progress of circulating tumor DNA in lung cancer minimal residual disease detection and discussed its application value in guiding precise treatment of lung cancer.
‘It starts when teachers are training’: The role of generalist and designated teachers in the educational experiences of children in care
Authors: Matchett Elaine
Published: July 2022

This article assesses the significance of generalist and designated schoolteachers for the educational experiences of children in care. Data were gathered from semi-structured interviews with 21 care-experienced individuals aged between 18 and 27 and three senior employees of a children’s services department in an English local authority. Participants discussed the importance of relationships with key adults and peers, the complexity of disclosing their care status and their commitment to education. The results show that generalist teachers offer considerable support to children, far beyond their statutory responsibilities, but that the designated teacher role, although important, is not understood or utilised by their fellow teachers and the majority of pupils who are in care.
‘They shouldn’t have to ask’: Exploring the need for specialist mental health services for care-experienced and adopted children and their families
Authors: Coulter Stephen , Mooney Suzanne , MacDonald Mandi , Daly Lesa
Published: July 2022

This article reports on a study conducted in two counties in the Republic of Ireland designed to elicit the views of fostering and adoption stakeholder groups on the mental health needs of the children, young people and families for whom they are responsible. Included in these groups are young people, adoptive parents, foster carers and professionals who manage and deliver mental health services or refer cases to them. Focus group methodology was employed to ascertain participants’ views. The emerging data was analysed thematically and the key findings include: the need for a universal and integrated system offering mental health services; the importance of an attachment- and trauma-informed approach, incorporating a ‘whole-family’ perspective; the difficulties many families face in accessing timely and appropriate services with the associated risk of destabilising placements; the tension created by the balance between crisis responses and longer-term therapeutic support; poor levels of communication and collaboration between services; and a general aspiration to fashion a dedicated therapeutically focused service open to all foster and adoptive children and their families. Findings and recommendations are discussed in light of the existing models of good practice for providing integrated mental health services.
Dissociation, identity distress and rejection sensitivity in adult adoptees
Authors: McLamb Lee J , Wagaman Bailey , Kerr Emalee , Berman Steven L
Published: July 2022

This US study examined dissociation, rejection sensitivity and identity distress among adults who experienced adoption as a child and the relationship between these factors. Further, groups of adoptees recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and social media were compared to assess whether these two recruitment methods achieve similar results. Adopted adults ( n = 389) and non-adopted adults ( n = 151) completed an online survey. Significant differences were found between adopted and non-adopted groups on the measures of dissociation, rejection sensitivity and identity. Rejection sensitivity and dissociation were also found to be better predictors of identity problems than adoption status alone. Recruitment methods resulted in significant differences on measures. Implications for consideration in a clinical setting are discussed as well as potential areas for future research.