bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orthographic Knowledge-Involved Factors and Relations to Reading and Dyslexia
Authors: Giazitzidou Sophia
Published: October 2023

This chapter is a critical review of the existing literature on orthographic knowledge, focusing on research derived mostly from transparent orthographies, such as Greek. Specifically, the purposes of the chapter are a) to clarify existing terms related to orthographic knowledge; b) to present the existing literature related to the development of orthographic knowledge and the factors that are causally linked to it, such as decoding, phonological awareness, and rapid automatized naming; c) to describe how orthographic knowledge is linked to reading, based on the dominant reading theories and models; and d) to present the relations of orthographic knowledge with dyslexia, suggesting possible interpretations of their connection. The literature is reviewed and discussed in relation to the level of orthographic transparency and the developmental level of reading.
Digital Innovation in Tourism and Hospitality With Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Panjrolia Dhruv , Panjrolia Drashti , Aacharya Kavita
Published: October 2023

Digital innovation and AI integration have transformed the tourism and hospitality industry. This chapter focuses on enhancing customer experiences, optimizing operational efficiency, and enabling data-driven decision-making. It explores the benefits of AI, including personalized experiences, efficient operations, advanced analytics, and enhanced customer service. Concerns such as data privacy, ethics, workforce adaptation, and customer trust are discussed. Recommendations for harnessing AI effectively are provided to create a competitive, customer-centric landscape.
Unleashing Digital Innovation for Sustainable Rural Intangible Cultural Heritage Marketing
Authors: Ranjan Aditya , Chaturvedi Priya
Published: October 2023

The chapter explores how digital innovation can be utilized to advance sustainable development goals in rural areas, focusing specifically on marketing intangible cultural heritage. It highlights the importance of preserving rural cultural traditions and the role of marketing in raising awareness and generating economic opportunities. Traditional marketing approaches are insufficient in the digital era, necessitating the exploration of digital tools like virtual reality, mobile apps, and social media platforms. The chapter emphasizes the alignment of digital innovation with sustainable development goals, such as supporting local economies and preserving cultural authenticity. Collaboration and capacity-building initiatives are crucial to empower rural communities in effectively utilizing digital platforms. The chapter provides valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners in this field.
Digital Technologies for Health and Well-Being
Authors: John Asha , Shibi B.
Published: October 2023

Subjective happiness in today's digitally saturated society is the focus of the study known as “digital well-being.” To better understand the effects of using digital media on one's happiness, a broad framework is created. It provides an explanation of the fundamental concepts of digital practises, risks and advantages, and well-being, as well as the relationships among them. Individuals' digital practises result in both positive and negative outcomes, and these outcomes typically coexist. These links between digital activities and personal well-being are supported by theory and can be followed with some consistency. Descriptive validity and formal theory development should be at the forefront of future research on digital well-being.
Impact of Digitalization in Higher Education and Smart Learning Techniques
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev
Published: October 2023

In higher education, computers have been utilized for many years. In the last few years, education has become digitalized, where faculty/lab technicians use advanced technology to teach students and provide deep knowledge. In higher education, new pedagogy techniques were brought into the possibility of effectively conducting online/offline classes. In this chapter, the authors have analyzed the impact of digitalization in higher education and intelligent learning techniques. The authors will discuss how new digitalization techniques and development anticipate student performance. Advanced machine learning and deep learning techniques could extract and provide more knowledge to the students. Virtual simulation is becoming increasingly popular in the education and training sector. It involves using software programs and virtual environments to create simulated experiences which allow learners to practice and learn new skills in a safe and controlled environment.
Cloud Computing
Authors: Perilli Michele Livio , De Bonis Michelangelo , Gallo Crescenzio
Published: October 2023

Cloud computing involves large numbers of computers connected through a network that can be physically located anywhere. Providers rely heavily on virtualization to deliver their cloud computing services. Cloud computing can reduce operational costs by using resources more efficiently. Starting with a look at cloud types, such as software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), infrastructure as a service (IaaS), and cloud models such as public clouds, private clouds, hybrid clouds, community clouds, difference between a data center and cloud computing with relative advantages are explained, and finally why most of companies are migrating to this kind of technology. In the second part of chapter, the focus is on the risks and security of cloud computing. These complex architectures are highly vulnerable; therefore, it is proposed artificial intelligence (AI) models to protect them. Many system protection techniques have been realized to defend cloud-computing systems, but many works are in progress. The authors analyze the state of art on this subject.
How Can Cyberhate Victimization and Perpetration Be Understood?
Authors: Vale Maria , Matos Marlene
Published: October 2023

The freedom of expression enabled through information and communication technologies (ICT) has been misused to create, (re)produce, and distribute cyberhate. Otherwise known as online hate speech, it refers to all forms of ICT-mediated expression that incites, justifies, or propagates hatred or violence against specific individuals or groups based on their gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or other collective characteristics. This chapter aims to contribute to a comprehensive analysis of cyberhate among adolescents and adults. It is structured into three main sections. The first operationalizes the key conceptual characteristics, disentangles the similarities and differences between cyberhate and other forms of violence, and presents the known prevalence of victimization and perpetration. The second identifies the main sociodemographic correlates and discriminates the risk and protective factors with theoretical frameworks. The chapter concludes with recommendations for prevention and intervention strategies that demand a multi-stakeholder approach.
A Black Hole Attack Protection Approach in IoT-Based Applications Using RLNC
Authors: Syed Abidhusain , Gadgay Baswaraj
Published: October 2023

Smart environments have recently transformed the standard of human existence by increasing comfort and efficiency. IoT, or the internet of things, has become an instrument for developing intelligent environments. But because of security vulnerabilities in IoT-based systems, applications for smart environments are in danger. Harmful items have a significant effect on cyber defence mechanisms. In order to stop security attacks against IoT that exploit some of these security vulnerabilities, IoT-specific intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are crucial. Due to the limited computing and storage capacities of IoT devices and the specific protocols used, it's conceivable that conventional IDSs are not an option for IoT environments.
Exploratory Research of Cyber Security Dimensions
Authors: Vaish Abhishek , Upadhyay Vatsala , Bobek Samo , Zabukovsek Simona Sternad
Published: October 2023

Cybersecurity research is gaining a lot of importance in recent times. Bibliometric analysis of cyber security research showed major areas and their overlapping. Due to overlapping research areas with allied areas like system engineering, networking, computer science, information technology, management science, etc., the impact of cyber security research is often hard to gauge. This chapter aims to present the research dimension of cyber security as a number of use cases and an attempt to connect the researcher to understand research areas of cyber security and its complexities through use cases to make them visualize the problem better. In this chapter, the following use cases are presented and analyzed: the role of social media in cyber security issues, how traditional network-based attacks influence the IoT environment, the dynamics of malware and its impact on AI-based detection systems, and security in embedded systems.
How Emerging Technologies Spawn New Social Engineering Paradigms
Authors: Mingo Horace C.
Published: October 2023

Cybersecurity criminals often use social engineering techniques to meet their objectives. The most egregious cybersecurity attacks may be designed to get an organization to override defenses, change standards, or convince governing bodies to change laws and regulations through political pressure, espionage, or litigation. By creating cultures of trust or mistrust, organizational leaders can be persuaded to declassify information or make changes that allow such adversaries to gain access to things that are unavailable to them. Through time and strategy, cybercriminals can weaken cybersecurity defense capabilities and awareness. Organizations people trust may use social engineering against consumers through online advertisements, cookies, and spyware to gather data, like IP addresses, location histories, and browsing preferences, for gain and profit. This study highlights areas where social engineering tools are designed into devices and activities to influence behavior in personal and professional settings.
Cybercrime and Cybersecurity Challenges in the Automotive Industry Utilizing Agent-Based Modeling (ABM)
Authors: Lewis Eugene , Burrell Darrell Norman , Nobles Calvin , Ferreras-Perez Jennifer , Richardson Kevin , Jones Angel J. , Jones Laura Ann
Published: October 2023

Agent-based modeling (ABM) serves as a powerful and innovative tool to evaluate and address cybersecurity risks in the auto industry. With the increasing integration of advanced technologies in modern vehicles, the potential vulnerabilities and threats to cybersecurity have become a major concern. ABM allows cybersecurity experts to simulate complex interactions among autonomous agents representing various components of the automotive ecosystem, such as vehicles, manufacturers, suppliers, and hackers. ABM can effectively model real-world scenarios and assess how cyber threats propagate and spread throughout the system. It enables the identification of critical points of weakness and potential attack vectors, aiding in the development of proactive strategies to mitigate cybersecurity risks. Through iterative simulations and data-driven analysis, ABM empowers stakeholders in the auto industry to make informed decisions and implement robust security measures that safeguard against cyber-attacks, ensuring the safety and trustworthiness of connected and autonomous vehicles.
Harnessing the Power and Simplicity of Decision Trees to Detect IoT Malware
Authors: Omar Marwan , Jones Rebet , Burrell Darrell Norman , Dawson Maurice , Nobles Calvin , Mohammed Derek , Bashir Ali Kashif
Published: October 2023

Due to its simple installation and connectivity, the internet of things (IoT) is susceptible to malware attacks. As IoT devices have become more prevalent, they have become the most tempting targets for malware. In this chapter, the authors propose a novel detection and analysis method that harnesses the power and simplicity of decision trees. The experiments are conducted using a real word dataset, MaleVis, which is a publicly available dataset. Based on the results, the authors show that this proposed approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art solutions in that it achieves 97.23% precision and 95.89% recall in terms of detection and classification. A specificity of 96.58%, F1-score of 96.40%, an accuracy of 96.43%, and an average processing time per malware classification of 789 ms.
Cybersecurity Risk
Authors: Burton Sharon L.
Published: October 2023

Technology as the single solution to risk is outdated and enables cybersecurity incidents. The no-involvement integrated focus on business and IT elements continues. Cyberattacks cost hundreds of billions of dollars. Consistent hacks and ransomware attacks help with the comprehension that cybersecurity risks should be managed in part under strategic management and organizational external business aspects, but apply risk tables and strategy evaluation processes. Organizations must focus more on managing risk. Project managers must be empowered with appropriate knowledge and skills, and receive consistent education as opposed to ineffective once-a-year education. Solutions must be crafted that include evolving cyberattacks. Offered is an agenda for project risk management to include cybersecurity. Described are positives that actions can provide to cybersecurity and basic project management. Intertwined are tools to use to assure effectiveness. The mission for this text is to catalyze research at the interface of cybersecurity, business, and technology.
Empowering Business Transformation
Authors: Parikh Nishant A.
Published: October 2023

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) has made outstanding strides in recent years, with a good-sized impact on software product management. Drawing on pertinent articles from 2016 to 2023, this systematic literature evaluation reveals generative AI's potential applications, benefits, and constraints in this area. The study shows that technology can assist in idea generation, market research, customer insights, product requirements engineering, and product development. It can help reduce development time and costs through automatic code generation, customer feedback analysis, and more. However, the technology's accuracy, reliability, and ethical consideration persist. Ultimately, generative AI's practical application can significantly improve software product management activities, leading to more efficient use of resources, better product outcomes, and improved end-user experiences.
Holistic Approaches to Workplace Health and Wellness
Authors: Baez Maria D.
Published: October 2023

This study proposes a comprehensive consulting approach for the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYCDHMH) to improve workplace well-being. This study investigated how the COVID-19 pandemic affected workers' well-being and how to alleviate their fears. The paper proposes a management change strategy using archetypes and system theory. NYCDHMH has the resources to create and implement a workplace well-being program, thanks to the research. The data helped identify knowledge, resource, and procedure gaps that may impede progress. Archetypes revealed and clarified work environment perceptions and interactions of the organizational structure of the NYCDHMH. The organizational framework, operational methodologies, and protocols were assessed using system theory to identify potential shortcomings. The study will propose a butterfly effect-based learning institution to address organizational transformation communication, collaboration, and decision-making issues. Broad perspectives were provided to NYCDHMH to launch a successful employee well-being program.
Marxism and Andragogy
Authors: Doughty Howard A.
Published: October 2023

This article concerns the problematic connection between Marxism and Andragogy. The former is generally regarded as an unpopular, discredited and, in some political circles, a dangerously revolutionary political doctrine, mainly of historical interest. The latter is a conventional, contemporary, and pragmatic approach to adult education that distinguishes between teaching methods appropriate for children and adults. What follows in a discussion of whether the two can be connected and, if so, for what purpose?
Implementación del programa Sello Migrante.
Authors: Passi Livacic Gastón
Published: October 2023

El eje central de este artículo es analizar y caracterizar las pautas de evaluación solicitadas por el programa Sello Migrante del Servicio Nacional de Migraciones de Chile a las comunas que han sido reconocidas con el certificado Sello Migrante. Para tales efectos, se evalúan todas las comunas que han participado de la iniciativa, desde su inicio en diciembre de 2015 hasta diciembre de 2022. En los casos de los municipios revalidados, se considera la evaluación del último informe remitido. Los criterios de evaluación por parte de la política pública en observación constan de cinco grandes dimensiones; empero, la presente propuesta centra su atención en caracterizar la institucionalidad emergente en los gobiernos locales en los puntos (i) institucionalidad y (ii) capacitaciones. En efecto, se pretende analizar el comportamiento asociado a la implementación de una política pública inédita en el tratamiento de los actuales fenómenos migratorios internacionales, particularmente, el tipo de articulación entre la estructura central del Estado, gobiernos locales certificados y extranjeros residentes en esos territorios. Asimismo, se observan las dificultades de gestión y las ideas que surgen desde algunos municipios para seguir profundizando la nueva gestión pública migratoria existente en el país.
A lower eyelid and cheek defect reconstruction
Authors: Cioppa Vittoria , Rubegni Pietro , De Piano Ernesto
Published: October 2023

A 91 years old woman presented with a recurrent cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) involving the right lower eyelid and cheek. Recurrence occurred after one month from an incomplete surgical excision: histology reported a tumor infiltration of the subcutaneous tissue and deep margin. [...]
Maladaptive behaviours of maternal orphans in high schools of Tshwane North of Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Khoza Thembi V. , Mokgatle Mathildah M.
Published: October 2023

Background: Some orphaned adolescents find it difficult to cope and adjust to the loss of a mother. Studies to explore specific adjustment challenges experienced by this vulnerable group, are necessitated by the growing need to inform support services for orphans.Aim: This study sought to explore maladaptive behaviours among adolescent maternal orphans.Setting: Participants were recruited from the Tshwane North secondary schools of Gauteng province in South Africa.Methods: A qualitative exploratory design was employed; maternal adolescent orphans were purposively selected and included in a one-on-one qualitative enquiry. Twenty-five participants were included in the study. Data were analysed thematically using NVivo12.Results: Emerged themes were: negative thoughts such as suicidal ideation, negative perception of self; silence coded as ‘keep life matters private and hide personal feelings’; having psychosocial problems reported as anger, fighting, shouting, crying, short temper; engaging in risky behaviours in the form of smoking and alcohol use and unsafe termination of pregnancy; social withdrawal by self-isolation and being afraid of people.Conclusion: Whole school peer interaction groups could address the functional problems of social ability and silence. Skills development programmes, and other activities that enhance constructive use of free time, instil hope and build self-esteem are recommended.Contribution: The findings of this study serve as a basis to inform interventions that are geared towards supporting adolescent orphans through the school health teams, as one of the domains of the re-engineering of South Africa’s primary health care system.
Clinical studies in Ayurveda
Authors: Thrigulla Saketh Ram , Sridevi V. , Krishna B. Vamshi , Naik M. Karthik , Devi K. Rudrama , Shruthi G. , Tripathi Arunabh , Prasad G. P. , Prasad P. V. V. , Lavaniya V. K. , Srikant N.
Published: October 2023

Bibliometric analysis is a standard method for evaluating the quality and quantity of published articles. AYUSH research portal (ARP) is meant for the dissemination of research findings in the domains of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa-rigpa, and Homoeopathy and allied faculties. The study attempts to understand the trend of published Ayurveda clinical trial-based articles in terms of quality and quantity. Three perspectives of research output assessed in this study are productivity in the field of Ayurveda, evidence from articles, and its involvement with the body system where disease or malfunctions are induced. Based on the study, it is observed that the highest number of articles have been published under the musculoskeletal, endocrine/metabolic/nutritional categories, and skin. Further, it is observed that only 4.50% of articles are categorized under the evidence of Grade “A” (randomized controlled trials [RCTs]) as per the World Health Organization’s traditional medicine research guidelines. Out of the top 20 journals which publish Ayurveda-based research works, only five journals are indexed in reputed indexing platforms viz., PubMed and Scopus. The findings indicate that, Ayurveda clinical trials have to be planned meticulously and carried out as per the RCT guidelines for producing quality evidence so that the abysmal percentage of grade-A category articles will increase in ARP. Further, the journals, which are not yet indexed in standard indexing platforms, must strive to secure a place in them to ensure access to appropriate peers and effective dissemination of findings.
Efficacy of Kantakari Avaleha and its modified dosage form of Kantakari Avaleha granules in the management of bronchial asthma – An open-label randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Senarthne U. R. S. R. K. , Goyal Mandip , Patgiri Bishwajyoti
Published: October 2023

Background:

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic episodic respiratory disease that resemblance to Tamaka Shwasa in Ayurveda. Kantakari Avaleha is one of the primarily recommended formulations for the management of Shwasa (bronchial asthma), Kasa (cough), and Hikka (hiccup). Although Avaleha dosage forms are better medicaments, granules have an added advantage over them such as palatability, less moisture content, and easy handling. For this purpose, Kantakari Avaleha was modified into Kantakari Avaleha granules by modifying the operational procedures of Kantakari Avaleha.

Aims:

To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Kantakari Avaleha and Kantakari Avaleha granules in the management of bronchial asthma.

Materials and method:

A total of 69 patients with mild to moderate bronchial asthma were selected randomly and divided into groups A and B. Patients of groups A were treated with Kantakari Avaleha, whereas patients of groups B received Kantakari Avaleha granules. These dosage forms of Kantakari were given in the dose of six grams with lukewarm water before breakfast and dinner for 60 days and followed up for the next 30 days. Assessments were done before and after treatment as per the scoring patterns of international asthma guidelines of the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), Asthma Control Test (ACT), and Respiratory Rate (RR), Breath-Holding Time (BHT), Peak Expiratory Flow Volume (PEFV), and laboratory investigations such as complete blood count, liver and kidney function tests, and urine routine examination were also carried out. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were applied to evaluate the effect of therapy in the individual group for the above-mentioned criteria. While the comparison of results between the groups was done by applying the coefficient of variation (CV).

Results:

Group A showed better results in most of the cardinal symptoms, ACT, and ACQ, except for BHT, RR, and GINA control in terms of CV. In both the groups, statistically, highly significant improvement was found as per the overall assessment of bronchial asthma such as ACQ, ACT, and number of episodes and the difference between the groups was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:

Both dosage forms of Kantkari were found to be effective treatments for bronchial asthma with significant relieving capacity as internal use for over 2 months. Hence, Kantakari Avaleha granules could be substituted for Kantakari Avaleha.
Comparative evaluation of dimensional accuracy of resultant casts obtained from different impression techniques: An in vitro study
Authors: Bhatia Prateek , Madan Ravi , Ahmed Rimsha , Jandial Shivani , Hasan Sarah
Published: October 2023

Introduction

A successful dental prosthesis is entirely dependent on the precision of various steps advocated during its fabrication. Of all these steps, impression-making is considered as the most critical step. Despite a multitude of studies that have been conducted in the recent past, the dilemma still persists about the most accurate impression technique in fabrication of fixed prostheses. The purpose of the study is to assess and compare the dimensional accuracy of one-step putty/light-body impression technique, two-step injection impression technique, and two-step putty/light-body impression technique with different thickness of spacers.

Materials and Methods

A total of five groups, that is, Group I (one-step putty light body), Group II (two-step injection), Group III (two-step putty light body with 0.5 mm of spacer), Group IV (two-step putty light body with 1.0 mm of spacer), and Group V (two-step putty light body with 1.5 mm of spacer) having 20 samples each were selected. A metallic master model simulating two full crown tapered preparations was fabricated. Metallic copings of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm thickness were fabricated using CAD-CAM to facilitate uniform thickness of the light body. Impressions were made with additional silicone impression materials.

Results

For the vertical height of the abutment all the groups evaluated showed a significant (P < 0.05) difference when compared to metallic master model. For the mesiodistal width of the abutment, all the groups showed a significant (P < 0.05) difference when compared to the metallic master model. For the inter-abutment distance, all the groups evaluated showed a significant (P < 0.05) difference when compared to the metallic master model.

Conclusion

Overall, two-step putty light body impression techniques with an adequate thickness of bulk showed better dimensional accuracy when compared to one-step putty light body and two-step injection impression techniques.
Diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography in periampullary duodenal tumours
Authors: Guo Qiuxia , Ding Xiangwu , Lv Fei , Xiao Ding , Wang Jing , Ji Guibao
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for tumours around the duodenal ampullary.

Patients and Methods:

A retrospective analysis was performed on cases diagnosed and treated in our hospital from October 2016 to August 2021 due to the lesions around the duodenal ampulla. All patients received EUS, abdominal enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging combined with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRI-MRCP). Pathological diagnosis was used to verify the accuracy of the imaging findings. The detection rates of periampullary tumours by EUS, abdominal enhanced CT and MRI-MRCP were determined and compared.

Results:

A total of 86 patients were included in this study. According to the pathological diagnosis, the detection rate of EUS was 87% (36/41) for periampullary tumour lesions with a tumour diameter <1 cm, which was significantly higher than that of MRI-MRCP (59%, 24/41) (P = 0.003) and CT (44%, 18/41) (P < 0.001). For periampullary tumour lesions with a tumour diameter ≥1 cm, the detection rate of MRI-MRCP was 93% (42/45), which was significantly higher than that of EUS (78%, 35/45) (P = 0.036) and CT (76%, 34/45) (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

EUS can accurately detect tumour lesions around the ampullary part of the duodenum with minimal gas interference. For periampullary tumour lesions <1 cm, EUS has better diagnostic accuracy than abdominal-enhanced CT and MRI-MRCP. In addition, a biopsy of the lesion can be performed at the same time during the EUS examination. Therefore, EUS has an important clinical significance and value in the diagnosis of duodenal periampullary tumours.
Nutrients combating rheumatoid arthritis: A review
Authors: Srinivasan Saagarika , Manjunathan Jagadeesan , Gayathiri Ekambaram , Thenmozhi Mani
Published: October 2023

An imbalance in lifestyle often leads to various prevailing health conditions. For the human body to function efficiently requires overall balance and stability. Unhealthy lifestyle factors are often associated with lifestyle disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is characterized by an immune system response affecting the skeletal system, leading to joint dysfunction, inflammation, and pain. However, this condition can also impact other areas of the body. Combatting RA involves using specific nutrients that aid in symptom control and overall management of the condition. By consuming these nutrients in appropriate amounts from suitable sources, it becomes possible to alleviate symptoms and manage the illness effectively. Alongside nutrient intake, lifestyle management is crucial in achieving positive outcomes. Proper nutrition and regular physical activity are effective in combating the disease. additionally, certain medicinal herbs have shown potential in alleviating symptoms and promoting overall health. This review paper sheds light on how nutrients, through lifestyle management, can effectively manage RA and contribute to the overall health and well-being of the human body.
A retrospective study on maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy with COVID-19
Authors: More Mayuri V , Mainani Aishwarya O , Shrivastava Shruti V , Pawde Anuya A , Gandi Sudharani , Gopal Sriram
Published: October 2023

Background:

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global health emergency. At that time, it was unclear how COVID-19 affected pregnant individuals and whether its symptoms presented differently than nonpregnant women.

Objective:

To investigate the effects of COVID-19 on both the pregnant mother and the developing fetus.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective analysis concentrated on 58 pregnant individuals diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 1, 2020, and February 28, 2022, at a Tertiary Care Center in Navi Mumbai, India. This study aimed to investigate the effects of COVID-19 infection on maternal and fetal well-being during pregnancy.

Results:

In the study’s findings, it was observed that among the participants, 48.3% were primigravida (experiencing their first pregnancy), whereas 51.7% were multigravida (having been pregnant previously). Of the participants, 44% underwent lower segment cesarean section, whereas the remaining 56% had vaginal deliveries. The primary indications for performing cesarean sections were oligohydramnios and fetal distress. Approximately 41.3% of the newborns required admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The neonatal mortality rate was recorded at 5.1%, and none of the newborns tested positive for COVID-19.

Conclusion:

In summary, while most patients were admitted without symptoms (89.7%) or mild symptoms, it became evident that COVID-19 was a virulent virus capable of causing rapid and unexpected deterioration in the mothers’ health, ultimately impacting fetal well-being. Notably, this study only observed fatalities during the second wave of the pandemic.
Surveillance of hand hygiene practices in hospitals, its evaluation, and audit
Authors: Singh Gurjeet , Singh Raksha , Burri Ranga Reddy
Published: October 2023

Background:

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) continue to pose a significant challenge within most intensive care units. The most straightforward and impactful approach to mitigate these HAIs remains proper hand hygiene. Consequently, evaluating documented hand hygiene routines and conducting direct observations are vital in identifying deficiencies. Thus, this enables the formulation of focused approaches to reduce HAIs.

Study objectives:

(a) To evaluate the hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers and (b) to analyze the factors contributing to non-compliance.

Materials and Methods:

The research was conducted at the Mayo Institute of Medical Sciences, Intensive Care Unit, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India. This endeavor adopted an observational approach, involving 50 healthcare workers (HCWs) for direct observation and an additional 50 for the evaluation of documented hand hygiene practices. Data collection relied upon the utilization of questionnaires and observation instruments.

Results:

The investigation brought to light a contrast between the perspectives of healthcare workers and their actual hand hygiene practices. The collective adherence rate stood at 67.08% (with the observation study encompassing 75 HCWs and 111 instances where hand hygiene should have been carried out, out of which only 76 were performed). Notably, physiotherapists exhibited a notably higher compliance rate at 78%, whereas nurses and residents demonstrated a compliance rate of 68%. In contrast, technicians and unit helpers displayed a lower adherence rate of 60%. Regarding reported hand hygiene compliance among HCWs, the figures exceeded 90% (derived from a questionnaire administered to 50 HCWs, some of whom may or may not have been part of the observation study). Nurses reported an impressive 98% compliance, technicians reported 81%, and other personnel reported rates ranging between 90% and 95%.

Conclusion:

The researcher undertook two distinct investigations involving direct observation and the other based on reported data. The findings from the observational study indicated a collective hand hygiene compliance rate of 67.08%, whereas the reported study yielded a compliance rate exceeding 90% among HCWs.
Atracurium versus cisatracurium: A comparison of efficacy and safety of intubating dose in adult surgical patients
Authors: Bohra Palak , Kulkarni Sanhita , Sasturkar Vasanti M , Joshi Pradnya S
Published: October 2023

Background:

Our study investigated and compared the properties of atracurium and cisatracurium, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents from the benzylisoquinolinium group. Both of these agents exhibit an intermediate duration of action. We studied the onset of neuromuscular blockade, intubating conditions, hemodynamic stability, and recovery following intubating doses.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a study involving 40 patients undergoing general anesthesia, randomly assigned to two groups. Group A, consisting of 20 patients, received a dose of 0.6 mg/kg of atracurium, while Group C, also with 20 patients, received 0.15 mg/kg of cisatracurium. Throughout the surgery, we observed and recorded the time of onset of neuromuscular blockade, the intubating conditions, and the recovery following the administration of the first dose of neuromuscular blocking agents. Additionally, we continuously monitored the patient’s hemodynamic status until they recovered from the initial dose.

Results:

Group C exhibited a significantly faster onset of action (231.5 ± 31.2 s) than Group A (291.0 ± 14.1 s) for the administered neuromuscular blocking agents. The recovery duration following the intubating dose was notably shorter in Group A (31 ± 6.20 min) compared to Group C (50.5 ± 3.20 min). Additionally, in the cisatracurium group, all patients (100%) achieved “excellent” intubating conditions, whereas in the atracurium group, this was only the case for 60% of patients, and this difference was statistically significant. Furthermore, the atracurium group showed significantly higher heart rate and mean arterial pressure readings at different intervals than the cisatracurium group. Importantly, no adverse reactions were observed in any of the patients throughout the study.

Conclusion:

Compared to atracurium (0.6 mg/kg), cisatracurium at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg demonstrates superior effectiveness regarding the onset and duration of neuromuscular blockade and intubating conditions. Furthermore, cisatracurium offers a more favorable hemodynamic profile.
Molecular pathways and gene networks in fetal hemoglobin as a novel protein target for beta-thalassemia
Authors: Khare Soumya , Chatterjee Tanushree , Gupta Shailendra , Patel Ashish
Published: October 2023

Background:

Beta thalassemia is a condition in which the body cannot produce the beta subunit of hemoglobin due to harmful mutations in the globin gene that cause inadequate development of adult hemoglobin (HbA). In beta-thalassemic individuals, fetal hemoglobin (HbF), consisting of two and two subunits, is a potential replacement for HbA with significant therapeutic importance. HbF increase is a powerful and essential therapeutic tool to overcome the problem of beta-thalassemia.

Materials and Methods:

The GEO2R statistical tool and the GSE96060 dataset from the gene expression omnibus database were used to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes program was used to reveal connections between these DEGs in samples, followed by applying the molecular complex detection algorithm to identify clusters of genes within these interaction networks. Using ClueGo and CluePedia, the discovered DEGs were subjected to functional annotation, including gene ontology (GO) and enriched molecular pathway analysis.

Results:

We searched the top 200 DEGs that met the criteria for significance (P-value 0.05; fold two change >1 or 1). Myeloid cell differentiation, erythrocyte differentiation, cellular detoxification, and heme binding are only a few examples of the biological processes and molecular pathways the GO analysis of DEGs identified as having significant alterations. The link between the DEGs in heme biosynthesis and transcriptional dysregulation in cancer was discovered by studying enriched Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways. To find possible targets for beta thalassemia treatments, we looked for the genes Krüppel-like factors 1 (KLF1) and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2). By activating both beta-globin and HbF gamma-globin genes, KLF1 encourages HbF repression, which is regulated by changing myeloblastosis expression.

Conclusion:

This study shows that the genes KLF1 and MDM2 are related to dysregulated molecular pathways, contribute to the development of beta thalassemia, and may be exploited as a platform for the induction of fetal hemoglobin in the development of therapeutics.
Effect of laser and exercises in venous ulcer: A case report
Authors: Silajiya Dipmala , Jeevrajani Jeel M , Shah Komal , Sheth Megha
Published: October 2023

This case report outlines the effect of a low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and exercise regimen on a 59-year-old patient with a venous ulcer. The current case examines the impact of a combination of LLLT and exercise on blood flow and healing in a patient with venous leg ulcer (VLU) brought on by ambulatory venous hypertension due to venous incompetence. Above the left lateral malleolus, the patient had a circular, well-defined raw area covered in pale granulation tissue that was not healing. Wound assessment was done using a two-dimensional method using graph paper. The patient received LLLT therapy and an aerobic exercise regimen, reducing wound size and improving healing. It demonstrates the potential advantages of using LLLT and aerobic exercise to treat venous ulcers.
Assessment of the Concentration of Settleable Particulate Matter Using Geographic Information Systems in the Central Ecuadorian Highlands
Authors: Santillán-Lima Patricio , Rodríguez Llerena Marco , Santillán-Lima Juan , Molina-Granja Fernando , Caichug-Rivera Daniela , Lozada-Yánez Raúl
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: Pollution is the most obvious factor in the deterioration of environmental quality. This issue affects different media and is closely related to the destructive effects on the environment, the accelerated greenhouse effect, the deterioration of ecosystems, and environmental quality.
OBJECTIVES: Determine and characterize the sedimentable particulate matter due to anthropic and natural incidence Using Geographic Information Systems in the Central Ecuadorian Highlands.
METHODS: 22 monitoring points were established, these collected sedimentable particulate matter (SPM) through the passive gravimetric method that consists of particulate matter (PM) being deposited by gravity in Petri dishes with filter paper inside for one month. The samples were analyzed and compared with the maximum permissible limits (LMP) of the standards: international (WHO) and national (Agreement 097-A).
RESULTS: Showed that all samples comply with the regulations established in Agreement 097-A reformed in 2018 (1 mg / cm2 / month), however, 21 of the 22 samples collected do not comply with WHO regulations being above the maximum permissible limit that is (0.5 mg / cm2 / month), being the SPM a factor that affects air quality in the area.
CONCLUSION: A map of concentration and dispersion of the SPM was elaborated with the help of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) where 3 types of ranges to the concentration of the MP were categorized: high, medium, and low, also the areas with the highest degree of concentration of particulate matter were identified, turning out to be the north and south of the study area.
What’s new in dermatopathology 2023: WHO 5th edition updates
Authors: Ho Jonathan , Collie Chico J
Published: October 2023

The 5th edition WHO Classification of Skin Tumors (2022) has introduced changes to nomenclature and diagnostics. Important differences are discussed below. Changes in each category of skin tumor have been detailed, with particular emphasis on meaningful advances in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the skin’s diverse tumor landscape.
Global rigid inner forms vs isocrystals
Authors: Kaletha Tasho , Taïbi Olivier
Published: October 2023

We compare the cohomology of the global Galois gerbes constructed by Kottwitz in
arXiv:1401.5728 and by the first author in [Invent. Math. (2018), 271–369], respectively, and give
applications to the theory of endoscopy.
Helical magnetic fields and semi-classical asymptotics of the lowest eigenvalue
Authors: Helffer Bernard , Kachmar Ayman
Published: October 2023

We study the three-dimensional Neumann magnetic Laplacian in the presence of a semiclassical
parameter and a non-uniform magnetic field with constant intensity. We determine a sharp
two term asymptotics for the lowest eigenvalue, where the second term involves a quantity related to
the magnetic field and the geometry of the domain. In the special case of the unit ball and a helical
magnetic field, the concentration takes place on two symmetric points of the unit sphere.
Cubic fourfolds, Kuznetsov components, and Chow motives
Authors: Fu Lie , Vial Charles
Published: October 2023

We prove that the Chow motives of two smooth cubic fourfolds whose Kuznetsov components
are Fourier–Mukai equivalent are isomorphic as Frobenius algebra objects. As a corollary,
there exists a Galois-equivariant isomorphism between their

\ell

-adic cohomology Frobenius algebras. We also discuss the case where the Kuznetsov component of a smooth cubic fourfold is equivalent to the derived category of a K3 surface.
A conditionally applied neural network algorithm for PAPR reduction without the use of a recovery process
Authors: Eldukhri Eldaw E. , Al‐Rayif Mohammed I.
Published: October 2023

This study proposes a novel, conditionally applied neural network technique to reduce the overall peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system while maintaining an acceptable bit error rate (BER) level. The main purpose of the proposed scheme is to adjust only those subcarriers whose peaks exceed a given threshold. In this respect, the developed C‐ANN algorithm suppresses only the peaks of the targeted subcarriers by slightly shifting the locations of their corresponding frequency samples without affecting their phase orientations. In turn, this achieves a reasonable system performance by sustaining a tolerable BER. For practical reasons and to cover a wide range of application scenarios, the threshold for the subcarrier peaks was chosen to be proportional to the saturation level of the nonlinear power amplifier used to pass the generated OFDM blocks. Consequently, the optimal values of the factor controlling the peak threshold were obtained that satisfy both reasonable PAPR reduction and acceptable BER levels. Furthermore, the proposed system does not require a recovery process at the receiver, thus making the computational process less complex. The simulation results show that the proposed system model performed satisfactorily, attaining both low PAPR and BER for specific application settings using comparatively fewer computations.
Bears with Hats and Independence Polynomials
Authors: Blažej Václav , Dvořák Pavel , Opler Michal
Published: October 2023

Consider the following hat guessing game. A bear sits on each vertex of a
graph $G$, and a demon puts on each bear a hat colored by one of $h$ colors.
Each bear sees only the hat colors of his neighbors. Based on this information
only, each bear has to guess $g$ colors and he guesses correctly if his hat
color is included in his guesses. The bears win if at least one bear guesses
correctly for any hat arrangement.
We introduce a new parameter - fractional hat chromatic number $\hat{\mu}$,
arising from the hat guessing game. The parameter $\hat{\mu}$ is related to the
hat chromatic number which has been studied before. We present a surprising
connection between the hat guessing game and the independence polynomial of
graphs. This connection allows us to compute the fractional hat chromatic
number of chordal graphs in polynomial time, to bound fractional hat chromatic
number by a function of maximum degree of $G$, and to compute the exact value
of $\hat{\mu}$ of cliques, paths, and cycles.
Towards a general open dataset and model for late medieval Castilian text recognition (HTR/OCR)
Authors: Matthias Gille Levenson
Published: October 2023

Submitted to the Journal of Data Mining and Digital Humanities, and accepted. Pending last revisions.

Please cite:

@article{gille_levenson_2023_towards,
author = {Gille Levenson, Matthias},
date = {2023},
journaltitle = {Journal of Data Mining and Digital Humanities},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.7387376},
editor = {Pinche, Ariane and Stokes, Peter},
issuetitle = {Special Issue: Historical documents and automatic text recognition},
title = {Towards a general open dataset and models for late medieval Castilian text recognition
(HTR/OCR)},

note = {Accepted, to be published.}
}

GILLE LEVENSON , Matthias, « Towards a general open dataset and models for late medieval Castilian
text recognition (HTR/OCR) », Journal of Data Mining and Digital Humanities (2023) : Special
Issue : Historical documents and automatic text recognition, eds. Ariane PINCHE and Peter
STOKES, DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.7387376.

Link to the data: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7386489

Final published version
Misión apostólica y naturaleza del ministerio sacerdotal. Aproximación a la categoría de “misión” en la teología del sacerdocio de Joseph Ratzinger
Authors: Hernández Rodríguez Antonio Diego
Published: October 2023

La teología del sacerdocio de Joseph Ratzinger se condensa en un concepto: “misión”. Los clásicos principios de origen, institución, contenido de la misión o sucesión apostólica quedan articulados desde la “misión”. El presente artículo es una aproximación a esta categoría en la teología del teólogo alemán. El presupuesto es la comprensión del sacerdocio que Ratzinger tiene. Tras el mismo, sigue un estudio más específico sobre la comprensión del término “misión”. Este se descubre como un eje que articula dos puntos: origen del ministerio y destinatarios del mismo. El estudio concluye con algunas implicaciones sobre la teología del sacerdocio y sobre su configuración concreta en el momento presente.