bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of pH-Neutral Electrolysed Oxidising Water on Growth
and Development of Chrysanthemums
Authors: Šušek Andrej , Copot Klara , Šiško Metka
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to analyse the effects of pH-neutral electrolysed oxidising water (pH-neutral EOW), prepared by using the Envirolyte® system, on the growth and development of chrysanthemums. The experiment included two varieties of potted ('Tonka Blanc', 'Jahou CoCo') and two cut flower varieties of chrysanthemums ('Annecy White', 'Ninja'). The test plants planted in pots were irrigated with three different solutions of pH-neutral EOW (0%, 0.1% and 0.2%). Based on the results of the study, we can confirm that pH-neutral EOW has a significant effect on the growth and development of the studied chrysanthemum varieties. In potted chrysanthemums, we found a significant effect on the increased number and diameter of inflorescences, as well as fresh and dried weight of the plant and inflorescences. Chrysanthemums for cut flowers were taller and more developed, with a greater weight of the aboveground part of the plant. Its effect on the growth and development of the studied varieties depended on the solution of the mixture. Best results were observed with the 0.2% solution of pH-neutral EOW.
Clinical Features, Biochemical Profile, and Response to Standard Treatment in Lean, Normal-Weight, and Overweight/Obese Indian Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Faraz Ahmad , Ashraf Hamid , Ahmad Jamal
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Much evidence is available on the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and obesity, but less on T2D in lean individuals. AIM: This study was conducted in 12,069 T2D patients from northern India to find out which clinical and biochemical features
are related to lean, normal weight, and overweight/obese T2D patients. METHODS: The study was conducted at two endocrine clinics in northern India as a retrospective cross-sectional study. The records of all patients who attended these clinics from January 2018 to December 2019 were
screened. After screening 13,400 patients, 12,069 were labelled as type 2 diabetes mellitus according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association, 2020, and were included in the study. The patients were subdivided into the three groups by their body mass index (BMI): lean (BMI <
18), normal weight (BMI = 18-22.9), overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 23). The study evaluated how the three subgroups responded to standard diabetes management, including antidiabetic medication and lifestyle interventions. RESULTS: Of a total of 12,069 patients 327 (2.7%) were lean, 1,841
(15.2%) of normal weight, and 9,906 (82.1%) overweight/obese. Lean patients were younger, but had more severe episodes of hyperglycemia. All three subgroups experienced significant improvements in glycemic control during follow-up; HbA1c values were significantly lowered in the overweight/obese
group during follow-up compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS: While overweight/obese patients could benefit from the improvements in glycemic control achieved by lowering HbA1c, lean and normal-weight patients had more severe and difficult-to-control hyperglycemia.
Música e emoções
Authors: Moreira Paulo Sergio da Conceição , Tsunoda Denise Fukumi
Published: December 2021

Indicadores altmétricos são mecanismos complementares às métricas de citação no que concerne à mensuração do impacto das produções científicas. Nesse sentido, pesquisadores, brasileiros e internacionais, vêm elaborando estudos com foco na análise de relações entre as métricas alternativas e tradicionais. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa busca por possíveis relações entre indicadores altmétricos e o número de citações recebidas por um artigo, considerando como objeto de estudo a produção científica sobre música e emoções publicada entre os anos de 1970 a 2019. Por meio de pesquisa quali-quantitativa e descritiva, aplicou-se testes estatísticos não paramétricos e identificou-se Mendeley e Twitter como as principais fontes de dados altmétricos para o tema. Para mais, visualiza a existência de relações entre os indicadores altmétricos e o número de citações, com destaque para o total de leitores no Mendeley, capaz de explicar 27,99% das citações recebidas. Outrossim, constata que, em média, artigos com indicadores altmétricos recebem 3,48 vezes mais citações, enquanto artigos com menções no Twitter e aqueles com marcações no Mendeley, contêm, de maneira geral, 2,06 e 3,53 vezes mais citações, respectivamente. Por fim, com esta pesquisa, vislumbra-se o potencial no uso das métricas alternativas para o acompanhamento das publicações sobre música e emoções, bem como em outras temáticas.
Personal information management e seu impacto na produção científica de pesquisadores do domínio da educação
Authors: Casarin Helen de Castro S. , Almeida Cátia Candida
Published: December 2021

O desenvolvimento de tecnologias de informação tem afetado a forma como pesquisadores lidam com a informação na produção do conhecimento. Realizou-se um estudo com o objetivo de identificar as estratégias e os recursos utilizados por pesquisadores brasileiros do domínio Educação para organizar suas coleções; verificar se as dificuldades no manejo destas coleções afetam a produção científica destes pesquisadores e investigar a influência de variáveis demográficas nestas atividades. Para a coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário eletrônico a pesquisadores vinculados às dez universidades brasileiras melhor colocadas no ranking da Folha de São Paulo em três avaliações subsequentes. Obteve-se 205 respostas, porém apenas 163 questionários foram considerados válidos pelo fato de estarem completos ou parcialmente respondidos. Os demais continham apenas os dados demográficos dos respondentes ou estavam em branco. Os dados coletados foram analisados quantitativamente utilizando-se o teste estatístico qui-quadrado para verificar a associação da distribuição de respostas dos participantes entre as variáveis do estudo. Os resultados demonstraram que a minoria dos participantes utiliza ferramentas específicas para gerenciar suas coleções. Verificou-se, ainda, que a dificuldade em gerenciar suas coleções tem impactado na produção científica dos pesquisadores e que aqueles que passaram por algum treinamento sobre ferramentas para organizar e armazenar seus documentos enfrentam menos dificuldades para recuperar materiais de sua coleção pessoal. Pretende-se que os resultados da pesquisa possam servir de base para o preparo de bibliotecários para o atendimento a este grupo de pesquisadores e para a adaptação e proposição de produtos e serviços informacionais relacionados ao Personal Informantion Management.
Big data e Organização do Conhecimento
Authors: Meschini Fabio Orsi , Francelin Marivalde Moacir
Published: December 2021

Considerando os impactos e as complexidades existentes no contexto big data e observados na Organização do Conhecimento, tornam-se necessárias reflexões que destaquem as possíveis contribuições dessa área para o desenvolvimento informacional da sociedade. Tendo isso em vista, a presente pesquisa busca compreender o fenômeno big data e seus impactos na Organização do Conhecimento por meio de uma proposta classificatória da produção científica. Para tanto, foram coletados artigos relacionados aos temas big data e Organização do Conhecimento nas bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science, Library and Information Science Abstracts e Base de Dados Referencial de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação. Os artigos foram classificados por meio da leitura dos títulos, resumos, palavras-chave e textos dos artigos. Os resultados demonstram a predominância de um perfil mais aplicado, tecnológico e orientado a processos relacionados à coleta, curadoria e utilização de dados. Concluiu-se ser necessária a ampliação do número de pesquisas relacionadas às questões sociais, cognitivas, epistemológicas e metodológicas, bem como a elaboração de mais estudos voltados à ética neste intenso contexto de dados. Isso contribui para compreender e ampliar os cenários de pesquisa sobre big data na Organização do Conhecimento.
Internet das coisas em bibliotecas
Authors: Amaral Fernanda Vasconcelos , Juliani Jordan Paulesky , Bettio Raphael Winckler de
Published: December 2021

As bibliotecas são unidades de informação que estão constantemente adotando novos recursos tecnológicos para melhorar a qualidade da sua oferta de produtos e serviços. Atualmente, uma tecnologia proeminente é a internet das coisas (IoT), que promete grandes transformações na sociedade ao proporcionar uma maior integração entre os mundos físico e digital. Por isso, este estudo objetiva discutir a possibilidade de implementação da internet das coisas em uma biblioteca universitária ao investigar demandas dos usuários que poderiam ser sanadas por meio dessa tecnologia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada, caracterizada como exploratória e descritiva. A metodologia adotada é um estudo de caso na Biblioteca Universitária da Universidade de Lavras, fundamentada na engenharia de requisitos e no design thinking. O resultado final constitui-se na idealização de um sistema de monitoramento de ruídos, baseado em IoT, com a finalidade de contribuir na manutenção do silêncio nas áreas de estudo e na utilização do ruído como um dado para apoiar a gestão da biblioteca.
Zur Aussprache niederländischsprachiger Familiennamen aus dem Bereich des Sports durch polnische Muttersprachler – theoretische Grundlagen und exemplarische Analysen
Authors: Tworek Artur
Published: December 2021

The aim of the following article is to analyze the pronunciation of Dutch surnames by Polish native speakers. The research material consists of journalistic statements from the communicative-semantic area of sport that are present in public audiovisual mass media. The selected material guarantees the high frequency of its production and the associated perception within the real acts of communication. In particular, the examination includes Dutch sounds which either do not exist in Polish or occur in a different graphical-distributional context. The exemplary research results (the mode of phonetic integration of foreign speech sounds) represent mechanisms that are interpreted in relation to typical communication models. The study also analyzes the potential placement of such phonetic forms in the target language, i.e. Polish.
De (mythe van de) luie Javaan. De koloniale standpunten van een vader en zijn zoon (over Sytze en Philippus Pieter Roorda van Eysinga)
Authors: Honings Rick
Published: December 2021

In 1818, Sytze Roorda van Eysinga travelled to the Dutch East Indies together with his wife and three daughters. After his arrival, he was appointed as church minister in Batavia by the governor-general. A short time later, his son Philippus Pieter Roorda van Eysinga, who stayed in the Netherlands after his parents’ departure, followed his family to the colony. In the following years, father and son both travelled through the Indonesian archipelago. After his return to the Netherlands, Philippus would become a prominent linguist in Javanese and Malay. After the death of Sytze in 1829, Philippus published his fathers’ and his own travel experiences in four volumes under the title: Verschillende reizen en lotgevallen van S. Roorda van Eysinga (1830–1832). Their texts provide a fascinating insight into colonial ideas in the first decades of the 19th century. How did Sytze and Philippus represent the indigenous people of the colony and what similarities and differences can be found in their accounts?
Priraščanje navadne smreke (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in evropskega macesna (Larix decidua Mill.) na nekdanjih novinah v koprivni v Karavankah
Authors: Golob Janez , Levanič Tom , Hladnik David
Published: December 2021

Based on previous measurements from 1962 to 2017 on forest research plots located on former slash-and-burn farming areas in the cadastral municipality of Koprivna, the diameter and height increment as well as volume increments of the two main tree species - spruce and larch - were calculated. These set-aside natural research plots have a smaller mean basal area diameter, but the number of trees is higher than in comparable managed forests. Due to the high-density of tree stands over the past thirty years, radial increment of spruce and larch has declined. To determine the influence of environmental factors on radial growth of spruce and larch, a dendrochronological analysis was conducted. According to the dendrochronological analysis of radial increment of trees, the number of years with a negative response has been higher since 1984.
Participativni pristop pri pripravi upravljavskih načrtov na primeru izbranih gozdnih habitatnih tipov in živalskih vrst ob Muri
Authors: Ferreira Andreja , Goršelj Petra , Planinšek Špela
Published: December 2021

For Natura 2000 areas, the European Commission proposes the drafting of management plans that include site-specific objectives and conservation measures based thereon. In order to avoid potential subsequent conflicts, the process needs to involve all stakeholders early on and in a sensible manner. In the framework of the project GoForMura, management plans for the Natura 2000 forest sites in the study areas of Gornja Bistrica and Murska Šuma in the Prekmurje region were drafted as model plans. The participation of stakeholders, in particular forest owners and managers, was given special attention in the drafting of what were the first such documents.
Last trends on collective bargaining decentralization
Authors: Pérez del Prado Daniel
Published: December 2021

Decentralisation of collective bargaining has been one of the key trends concerning labour market regulation of the last decades. Most of European countries have developed – with different breath and scope – procedures and reforms to strengthen the company level of bargaining. The Great Recession has stressed this orientation, particularly in those countries which were under financial pressure. This paper focuses on the cases of four Mediterranean countries – France, Italy, Spain, and Portugal – in order to assess how decentralisation has been carried out and, most importantly, what kind of practical results have been achieved. On the base of these outcomes, it highlights how the debate concerning the structure ofcollective bargaining is changing from a black or white perspective to a new one in which mixed models are possible if the whole system is coordinated, taking into consideration the type of collective bargaining model set in the country.
Susbstance P Levels in Children with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Nasution Khairina , Paramita Deryne Anggia , Lubis Nova Zairina
Published: December 2021

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common skin disease in infants and children. AD is influenced by hereditary and environmental factors, and it is characterized by an inflammatory reaction in the skin. In developing countries, children suffering from AD are estimated around 10–20%, of which 60% of the cases persist into adulthood. Substance P is a cutaneous neuropeptide that contributes to the pathogenesis of AD. Substance P promotes the production of nerve growth factors from keratinocytes, and the release of histamine, leukotriene, or tumor necrosis factor from mast cells, which cause the growth of sensory nerve fibers, augmentation of skin inflammation, and are considered pruritogenic factors. Purpose: This study aims to determine the description of substance P in children with atopic dermatitis using a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach. Methods: This is a destructive observational study with a crossectional approach samples were selected from AD patients at the Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital. Result: The largest group of subjects were childhood (2–12 years old), there was 60%, followed by the adolescent group (12–18 years old) and the infant group (<2 years old). In the childhood group, the highest level of substance P was found in girls with a mean of 349.03 ± 146.7. On the other hand, the highest levels of substance P in the adolescent were found in males with a mean of 243.73 ± 64.57 ng/L. Conclusion: In this study, we found that the level of substance p was higher in the childhood group.
The Confusion between Pustular Psoriasis and Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis as a Cause of Exfoliative Dermatitis: A Case Report
Authors: Sari Desiana Widityaning , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Damayanti Damayanti , Anggraeni Sylvia , Umborowati Menul Ayu , Ervianti Evy
Published: December 2021

Background: Pustular psoriasis and Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis (AGEP) are grouped under pustular diseases, in which their clinical manifestations are similar. Those diseases can lead to exfoliative dermatitis. Purpose:To evaluate a specific histopathological examination in differentiating Pustular Psoriasis and AGEP. Case: A 55-year-old woman presented with sudden redness and diffused scaly skin with multiple pustules and also fever. She had taken Cefadroxil 2 days before the scales and pustules appeared. Leukocytosis and histopathological examination results from biopsy supported the diagnosis of AGEP. The patient was then hospitalized and received steroid therapy. Within the first week of tapering off, the scales disappeared but the pustules increased. After such clinical findings, the histopathological examination results were revisited and reassessed. Thus, we considered changing the diagnosis to Pustular Psoriasis, and the therapy was switched to Methotrexate. The patient had a better outcome, and the pustules slowly disappeared entirely. Discussion: It is often difficult to differentiate between the pustules in pustular psoriasis and AGEP unless by thorough history-taking and physical examinations. AGEP is characterized by a widespread of pustules with an acute febrile onset; while pustular psoriasis is an acute variant of psoriasis where pustules are spread over erythematous skin and accompanied by high fever and leukocytosis. Conclusion: Histopathological examination is the gold standard for the establishment of pustular psoriasis diagnosis. The histopathological characteristics of pustular psoriasis and AGEP are difficult to differentiate. Therefore, we need detailed history-taking and physical examination to establish the diagnosis.
The Existence Of The University Of Muhammadiyah Malang Library During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Puspitasari Dian , Zawawi Moh
Published: December 2021

The Covid-19 virus has caused a pandemic in Indonesia in 2020. This virus is classified as an infectious disease that results in policies such as physical distancing, social restrictions both small and large scale and lockdown. The impact of the Covid-19 virus has been felt in various sectors, including the college sector under which there are library units. The college library as an information center, of course, will provide information services to meet the needs of academic community. UPT UMM Library is one of the universities that still exists despite the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose in this writing analyzes how the existence of UPT UMM Library during the pandemic. The study method used by descriptive study type with qualitative approach and data analysis technique using descriptive qualitative analysis model owned by John W Cresswell. Innovations made by UPT UMM Library during the Covid-19 pandemic to remain in existence, namely to innovate library services including creating myUMM Library, changing the concept of information literacy services into digital (online) and more actively providing library services through social media. In addition, librarians during the Covid-19 pandemic can still exist and develop by attending various online seminars and actively writing various scientific works to gain several champions.Keywords: Covid-19, Existence, Higher Education Library Services, Librarian, UMM LibraryABSTRAKVirus Covid-19 telah mengakibatkan terjadinya pandemi di Indonesia pada tahun 2020. Virus ini tergolong dalam penyakit menular yang mengakibatkan adanya kebijakan seperti physical distancing, pembatasan sosial baik berskala kecil ataupun besar dan lockdown. Dampak dari virus Covid-19 telah dirasakan berbagai sektor salah satunya sektor perguruan tinggi yang di bawah naungannya terdapat unit perpustakaan. Perpustakaan perguruan tinggi sebagai pusat informasi, tentunya akan memberikan layanan informasi guna memenuhi kebutuhan civitas akademika. UPT Perpustakaan UMM merupakan salah satu perpustakaan perguruan tinggi yang tetap eksis meskipun adanya pandemi Covid-19. Tujuan dalam penulisan ini menganalisis seberapa eksistensi UPT Perpustakaan UMM pada masa pandemi. Metode kajian yang digunakan adalah kajian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis kualitatif deskriptif milik John W Cresswell. Inovasiinovasi yang dilakukan UPT Perpustakaan UMM pada masa pandemi Covid-19 agar tetap eksis yaitu melakukan inovasi layanan perpustakaan diantaranya menciptakan myUMM Library, merubah konsep layanan literasi informasi ke dalam bentuk digital (online) serta lebih aktif memberikan layanan perpustakaan melalui media sosial. Selain itu, pustakawan di masa pandemi Covid-19 tetap bisa eksis dan berkembang dengan mengikuti berbagai seminar online dan aktif menulis berbagai karya ilmiah hingga mendapatkan beberapa juara.
Padjadjaran University Library Services During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nursinta Putri Martina , - Sukaesih , Rukmana Evi Nursanti , - Samson CMS
Published: December 2021

The early onset of covid-19 in 2020 causes a complete shutdown of all activities including those of services in the library to avoid direct contact with users in order to prevent the spread of this covid-19 virus. The purpose of this study is to fulfill the tasks that teachers have given you and to find out what innovations the unpad library has made to serve students or other users in spite of this covid-19 pandemic. The study USES descriptive qualitative methods on concepts related to library science, as well as to analyze the practices used in libraries during the pandemic. Data obtained through interviews conducted by researchers by sending some questions through the email of the unpad central library staff. The data already obtained will be presented in a descriptive form, so it will outline the importance of providing online library services by applying digital predating concepts. By subscribing to multiple journals and e-book databases, information-related services are still needed to support student and lecturer research, in this case libraries can engage in inter-library cooperation. During the pandemic, a university library service was required to transform from manual services into digital services.Keywords: Library, Covid-19 Pandemic, Information CommunicationABSTRAKCovid-19 di awal tahun 2020 menyebabkan berhentinya seluruh aktivitas termasuk dengan layanan yang ada di perpustakaan. Hal tesebut dilakukan untuk menghindari kontak langsung dengan pengguna supaya dapat mencegah penyebaran virus Covid19 ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memenuhi tugas yang telah diberikan dosen serta untuk mengetahui inovasi apa yang dilakukan oleh perpustakaan Universitas Padjadjaran dalam melayani pengguna dalam masa pandemi Covid-19 ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif mengenai konsep-konsep yang berkaitan dengan ilmu perpustakaan, serta untuk menganalisis praktik yang digunakan perpustakaan selama pandemi. Data diperoleh melalui hasil wawancara yang telah dilaksanakan oleh peneliti dengan mengirimkan beberapa pertanyaan melalui e-mail staf perpustakaan pusat Universitas Padjadjaran. Data yang telah diperoleh akan disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif
A nemzetközi önkéntesség hazai médiareprezentációja 2015 és 2019 között
Authors: Molnár Zsolt
Published: December 2021

Jelen tanulmány a nemzetközi önkéntesség magyarországi médiareprezentációját mutatja be. Célja a nemzetközi önkéntesség médiában kialakult képének feltárása, a vele kapcsolatos diskurzusok azonosítása, annak vizsgálata, hogy különböző társadalmi, gazdasági és politikai dimenziói, lehetőségei és szerepei megjelennek-e a vizsgált médiatartalmakban, és összeállnak-e valamilyen egységes mediatizált képpé, amely tudatosan erősítheti a nemzetközi önkéntesség társadalmi súlyát. A vizsgált szövegekben előforduló tartalmi elemek előfordulását kvantitatív tartalomelemzés, a társadalmi szerepek azonosítását kvalitatív diskurzuselemzés segítségével végeztem. A kutatás a magyar sajtóban a nemzetközi önkéntességről 2015–2019 közötti öt évben összesen megjelent 746 nyomtatott cikkre, internetes beszámolóra, televízió és rádió tudósításra, valamint blogbejegyzésre terjedt ki.
Fully Automatic Deep Learning Framework for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Detection on Computed Tomography
Authors: Alves Natália , Schuurmans Megan , Litjens Geke , Bosma Joeran S. , Hermans John , Huisman Henkjan
Published: December 2021

Early detection improves prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) but is challenging as lesions are often small and poorly defined on contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans (CE-CT). Deep learning can facilitate PDAC diagnosis, however current models still fail to identify small (<2cm) lesions. In this study, state-of-the-art deep learning models were used to develop an automatic framework for PDAC detection, focusing on small lesions. Additionally, the impact of integrating surrounding anatomy was investigated. CE-CT scans from a cohort of 119 pathology-proven PDAC patients and a cohort of 123 patients without PDAC were used to train a nnUnet for automatic lesion detection and segmentation (nnUnet_T). Two additional nnUnets were trained to investigate the impact of anatomy integration: (1) segmenting the pancreas and tumor (nnUnet_TP), (2) segmenting the pancreas, tumor, and multiple surrounding anatomical structures (nnUnet_MS). An external, publicly available test set was used to compare the performance of the three networks. The nnUnet_MS achieved the best performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91 for the whole test set and 0.88 for tumors <2cm, showing that state-of-the-art deep learning can detect small PDAC and benefits from anatomy information.
Assessing Hydrological Changes in Wetland Areas of the Arctic and Subarctic Based on Microwave Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Romanov Andrey Nikolaevich , Khvostov Ilya Vladimirovich , Tikhonov Vasiliy Vladimirovich , Sharkov Evgeniy Alexandrovich
Published: December 2021

Specific emissivity features of swamps and wetlands of Western Siberia were studied for changing seasonal conditions with the use of daily data of satellite microwave sounding. The research technique involved the analysis of brightness temperatures of the underlying surface at the test sites. Variations in seasonal dynamics of brightness temperatures were mainly caused by different rates of seasonal freezing of the upper waterlogged layer of the underlying surface and dielectric characteristics of water containing natural media (water body, soil, vegetation). We analyzed long-term trends in seasonal and annual dynamics of brightness temperatures of the underlying surface and estimated hydrological changes in the Arctic and Subarctic. The findings open up new possibilities for using satellite data in the microwave range for studying natural seasonal dynamic processes and predicting hazardous hydrological phenomena.
Comparison of Diesel Tractor Emissions in Korea
Authors: Han Gyu Gang , Jeon Jun Hyuk , Kim Myoung Ho , Lee Jeong Min , Kim Seong Min
Published: December 2021

Due to the shortage of agricultural labor forces and rapid aging of farmers, the utilization of tractors is becoming popular and essential in Korea. Tractors can be classified into two types, a walking tractor called as a power tiller and a riding tractor. In this study, agricultural tractors including walking and riding types were categorized into 4 levels by rated output power. And diesel emission inventory of tractors was established and analyzed using 2011 and 2019 survey data in Korea. Emission inventory including CO, NOx, SOx, TSP(PM10), PM2.5, VOCs and NH3 were established using Tier 3 methodology. The total amount of emission using agricultural tractors was decreased about 13% from 2011 to 2019. The number of walking tractors were decreased by about 19% in 8 years, on the other hand that of riding tractors were increased by about 12%. However, the emission reduction is about 48% for walking tractors and the emission increment is about 5% for riding tractors. Thus, the total emission from agricultural tractors was decreased by about 16% in those periods. It is due to the decrease of 21% and 15% in the hours of use of walking and riding tractors, respectively, in 2019. Walking tractors mainly emit air pollutants from spraying and transporting. Riding tractors mainly 61% of total air pollutants emits from soil preparation and transporting operations. Geographic information system (GIS) was used to spatially assign air pollutants variables into 17 provinces and metropolitan cities in Korea. High emission generating regions and changes of emissions during 8 years were clearly seen in GIS analysis. High air pollutant emitting regions are mainly located in the western and southern regions of Korea, which have plenty of arable areas compared to other regions in Korea.
Comparison of Infrared Thermal Imaging with Two Canine Pain Assessment Tools in Dogs Undergoing Treatment for Chronic Back Pain
Authors: Freeman Emily , Johnson Jennifer F. , Godbold, Jr John C. , Riegel Ronald J.
Published: December 2021

Historically, the evaluation and assessment of the clinical response to treatment for canine back pain is subjective and relies on owner and clinician assessment of pain. Sequential infrared thermal images (IRTIs) objectively measure the patient’s physiological response after a prescribed series of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) treatments. Qualifying participants had histories of pain and dysfunction associated with spinal osteoarthritis or intervertebral disk disease, or of non-specific uni- or bilateral back pain along the paravertebral epaxial muscles. Each patient was initially IRT imaged prior to PBMT treatment and then received multiple PBMT treatments delivered to the appropriate spinal area on days 1, 2, 3, and 4. Participants were reimaged on day 7. IRT images provided an objective assessment of the physiologic status of each patient after the PBMT regimen. The thermal changes in IRT images correlated with statistically significant changes in Colorado State University Canine Chronic Pain Scale scoring (CSU-CCPS) and owner assessment using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI), which includes a Pain Severity Score (CBPI-PS) and Pain Interference Score (CBPI-PI). This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that IRTI provides an objective evaluation of response to PBMT treatment and correlates with observed and measured clinical response.
Dose-Response Study to Evaluate Dicamba Tolerance in Selected Wild Tomato Germplasm
Authors: Zangoueinejad Rouzbeh , Alebrahim Mohammad Taghi , Castro Edicarlos , Stallworth Shandrea , Yue Ziming , Snyder Richard G , Tseng Te Ming
Published: December 2021

A greenhouse dose-response study was conducted to determine the tolerance of three wild tomato accessions (TOM199, TOM198, TOM300) in comparison to a commercial cultivar (Better Boy) against the dicamba application at five rates (0, 70, 140, 210, and 280 g ae ha-1) at 14 and 28 days after treatment (DAT). Several physiological traits were evaluated at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 DAT. Wild accessions and cultivar were killed at all rates above 70 g ae ha-1 at 14 and 28 DAT, which is why differences between accessions and cultivar were only evident at 70 g ae ha-1. The GR50 (the herbicide rate that causes 50% reduction in dry weight) of Better Boy was 4.4 g ae ha-1 at 28 DAT, and this cultivar was approximately 11-fold more sensitive than wild accessions. At 7 DAT, the levels of H2O2 for wild accessions were lower than Better Boy up to 5 at 70 g ae ha-1 of dicamba. Furthermore, wild accessions showed lower herbicide absorption than Better Boy at all dicamba doses at 1, 3, and 7 DAT. All the three wild accessions expressed tolerance to the dicamba application at the dose of 70 g ae ha-1. At the same time, Better Boy and wild accessions were susceptible to dicamba application at rates of 140, 210, and 280 g ae ha-1.
Machine-Learning to Discern Interactive Clusters of Risk Factors for Late Recurrence of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Gomez Marti Juan Luis , Brufsky Adam , Wells Alan , Jiang Xia
Published: December 2021

Background: Risk of metastatic recurrence of breast cancer after initial diagnosis and treatment depends on the presence of a number of risk factors. Although most univariate risk factors have been identified using classical methods, machine-learning methods are also being conducted to tease out non-obvious contributors to a patient’s individual risk of developing late distant metastasis. Bayesian-network algorithms may predict not only risk factors but also interactions among these risks, which consequently lead to metastatic breast cancer. We proposed to apply a previously developed machine-learning method to predict risk factors of 5-, 10- and 15-year metastasis. Methods: We applied a previously validated algorithm named the Markov Blanket and Interactive risk factor Learner (MBIL) on the electronic health record (EHR)-based Lynn Sage database (LSDB) from the Lynn Sage Comprehensive Breast Cancer at Northwestern Memorial Hospital. This algorithm provided an output of both single and interactive risk factors of 5-, 10-, and 15-year metastasis from LSDB. We individually examined and interpreted the clinical relevance of these interactions based on years to metastasis and the reliance on interactivity between risk factors. Results: We found that with lower alpha values (low interactivity score), the prevalence of variables with an independent influence on long term metastasis was higher (i.e., HER2, TNEG). As the value of alpha increased to 480, stronger interactions were needed to define clusters of factors that increased the risk of metastasis (i.e., ER, smoking, race, alcohol usage). Conclusion: MBIL identified single and interacting risk factors of metastatic breast cancer, many of which were supported by clinical evidence. These results strongly recommend the development of further large data studies with different databases to validate the degree to which some of these variables impact metastatic breast cancer in the long term.
Remote Mentoring Optimizes Virtual Collection of Patient-Reported Data: A Prospective Cohort Study with Adaptive Design Conducted in COVID-19 Era.
Authors: Kazazian Karineh , Bogach Jessica , Johnston Wendy , Ng Deanna , Swallow Carol J.
Published: December 2021

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, patients attending ambulatory clinics at cancer centers in Ontario completed the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) at each visit. At our center, completion was via touch pad, with assistance by clinic volunteers. As of March 2020, clinic appointments were conducted virtually when possible and touch pads removed. We anticipated a negative impact on the collection of patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and the recognition of severe symptoms.Methods: We performed a prospective cross-sectional cohort study to test the feasibility of remote ESAS completion by patients with appointments at a weekly surgical oncology clinic. Patients in the initial study cohort were asked to complete and return the ESAS virtually(V). Given low completion rates, the ensuing cohort was asked to complete a hard-copy(HC) ESAS. For the final cohort, we used an adaptive approach, providing remote, personal mentorship by a member of the care team to support virtual electronic ESAS completion (virtual-mentored(VM) cohort). Results: Between May-July 2020, a total of 174 patient encounters were included in the study. For the V cohort, 20/46 patients (44%) successfully completed and returned the electronic ESAS, compared to 49/50 (98%) for the HC cohort. For the VM cohort (n=78), the completion rate was 74%. Questionnaire completion was not predicted by age, sex or tumor site, although patients who completed the ESAS were more likely to be in active management rather than surveillance(p=0.04). Of all completed forms, 42% revealed a depression score ≥2, and 27% an anxiety score ≥4.Conclusions: We identified significant barriers to the virtual completion of ESAS forms, with a lack of predictive variables. The severe degree of psychological distress reported by ~50% of respondents demonstrates the need for ongoing regular collection/review of these data. Innovative solutions are required to overcome barriers to virtual collection of PROs.
The liver and muscle secreted Hfe2-protein maintains blood brain barrier integrity
Authors: Wang Xue Fan , Vigouroux Robin , Baglaenko Yuriy , Nikolakopoulou Angeliki , Ringuette Dene , Rus Horea , DiStefano Peter , Dufour Suzie , Shabanzadeh Alireza , Syonov Michal , Lee Seunggi , Mueller Bernhard , Charish Jason , Harada Hidekiyo , Fish Jason , Wither Joan , Wälchli Thomas , Cloutier Jean-Francois , Zlokovic Berislav , Carlen Peter , Monnier Philippe
Published: December 2021

Liver failure causes blood-brain-barrier (BBB) breakdown leading to central nervous system damage, however the mechanisms whereby the liver influences BBB-integrity remain elusive. One possibility is that the liver secretes an as-yet to be identified molecule(s) that circulate in the serum to directly promote BBB integrity. We developed light-sheet imaging for three-dimensional study of BBB function. We show that liver- or muscle-specific knockout of Hfe2 induces BBB breakdown, leading to accumulation of toxic-blood-derived fibrinogen in the brain, lower cortical neuron numbers, and behavioral deficits. In healthy animals, soluble Hfe2 competes with its homologue RGMa for binding to Neogenin, thereby blocking RGMa-induced downregulation of PDGF-B and Claudin-5 in endothelial cells and the ensuing BBB disruption. Hfe2 administration in an animal model of multiple sclerosis prevented paralysis and immune cell infiltration by inhibiting RGMa-mediated BBB alteration. This study has implications for the pathogenesis and potential treatment of diseases associated with BBB dysfunction such as multiple sclerosis.
Dynamic Response Prediction of Bi-State Emission of Quantum Dot Lasers Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Santos Wild Freitas da Silva , Filho Eduardo Furtado Simas , Thé George André Pereira
Published: December 2021

Dual-state emission is a common and important phenomenon which takes place in semiconductor Quantum Dot Lasers at different temperature and operating conditions usually investigated from microscopic carrier interaction modeling or even rate-equations based approaches. In this study, we revisit the topic, but the investigation is here performed from a system identification perspective; we built black-box models based on artificial neural networks approach, using the Multilayer Perceptron, the Extreme Learning Machine and a hybrid Echo State Network - Extreme Learning Machine. As a case study, we focused on switch-on transient and its prediction. The study revealed the model was able to separate and to predict, from the solely total power, without using any QDL design parameters, the optical power around the ground state and first excited state lasing lines of InAs/InGaAs quantum dot laser. The error performance was low as a RMSE of 2.81 μW and MAPE of 0.50% with processing time (training and testing time) of 15.27 s, enabling the alternative model to be used in optical filtering instrumentation as low-resolution and low-cost filters for applications in which it is not economically viable to use a spectrum analyzer, which can be replaced by a simple optical power meter.
Cryo-EM Structure-guided Selection of Computed Ligand Poses to Enhance Potency in MTA-synergic Inhibition of Human Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5
Authors: Yadav Gaya , Zhou Wei , Yang Xiaozhi , Li Chenglong , Jiang Qiu-Xing
Published: December 2021

The potential of using cryo-electron microscopic (cryo-EM) structures of 2.5-4.0 Å resolutions for structure-based drug design was proposed recently, but is yet to be materialized. Here we show that a 3.1 Å cryo-EM structure of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is sufficient to guide the selection of computed poses of a bound inhibitor and its redesign for much higher potency. PRMT5 is an oncogenic target and its multiple inhibitors are in clinical trials for various cancer types. However, all these PRMT5 inhibitors manifest negative cooperativity with a metabolic co-factor analog --- 2-methylthioadenosine (MTA), which is accumulated substantially in cancer patients carrying defective MTA phosphorylase (MTAP). To achieve MTA-synergetic inhibition, we obtained a pharmacophore from virtual screen and synthesized a specific inhibitor (11-2F). Cryo-EM structures of the 11-2F/MTA-bound human PRMT5: MEP50 complex and its apo form together showed that the inhibitor binding in the catalytic pocket causes a shift of the cofactor-binding site by 1.5 – 2.0 Å, disfavoring cofactor-binding and resulting in positive cooperativity between 11-2F and MTA. Coarse-grained and full-atomistic MD simulations of the ligands in their binding pockets were performed to compare computed poses of 11-2F and its redesigned analogs. Three new analogs were predicted to have much better potency. One of them, after synthesis, was ~4 fold more efficient in PRMT5 inhibition in the presence of MTA than 11-2F itself. Computational analysis also suggests strong subtype specificity of 11-2F among PRMTs. These data demonstrate the feasibility of using cryo-EM structures of near-atomic resolutions and computational analysis of ligand poses for better small molecule therapeutics.
Hospitalized Children with Critical SARS-CoV-2 Infection Cared for in a Limited Resource Setting: Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: de Fariasa Emmerson C.F. , Piva Jefferson P. , Junior Manoel J.C. Pavão , Sales Susan C.D. , Nascimento Luciana M.P. , Pavão Dalila C.A. , Santos Valeria T.S. dos , Pinheiroa Andressa H.O. , Alves Marília C.B. , Mello Mary L.F. M.F. , Carvalho Patricia B. , Justino Maria C.A. , Clemente Gleice , Terreri Maria Teresa
Published: December 2021

Background: Some children can develop severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection either acutely or later, as represented by multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS- C). To identify the risk factors for worse outcomes in hospitalized children and adolescents with severe acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and MIS-C. Methods: This multicenter cohort study included all children and adolescents with confirmed or suspected critical SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the PICU between April 2020 and September 2021. The exclusion criteria were incomplete vaccinal status, immunocompromised status, and end-of-life decision. The main variables analyzed were epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data, and ventilator settings at admission and after 72 h. The patients were divided into three groups (G): confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with MIS-C criteria (G1), confirmed COVID-19 without MIS-C criteria (G2), and MIS-C criteria without confirmed COVID-19. Results: The median age of the patients was 28 months in G1, with comorbidities in 40 patients (72.7%) (p < 0.0001). The duration of exposure (median 23 days; p = 0.004) and fever were longer in G1 (12 days; p = 0.001). Moreover, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) was required in 44 patients (80%, p < 0.0001), and cardiogenic shock occurred in 26 patients (54.2%, p < 0.0001) in G1. Subnutrition was most frequent in G1 in 55 cases (57.3%; p = 0.01). Under nutrition (< 2 SD for weight), longer exposure time (odds ratio [OR]: 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–3.25; p = 0.001), IMV time (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.15–5.85; p = 0.03), and length of hospital stay (OR: 10.94; 95% CI: 1.93–63.1; p = 0.007) were associated with critical MIS-C in G1. Conclusions: In the Brazilian Amazon area, specifically in the Pará state, we identified a cluster of more severe forms of pediatric acute or late SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Dispersal and fire limit Arctic shrub expansion
Authors: Liu Yanlan , Riley William , Keenan Trevor , Mekonnen Zelalem , Holm Jennifer , Zhu Qing , Torn Margaret
Published: December 2021

Arctic shrub expansion has been widely reported in recent decades, with large impacts on carbon budgets, albedo, and warming rates in high latitudes. However, predicting shrub expansion across regions remains challenging because the underlying controls remain unclear. Observational studies and models typically use relationships between observed shrub presence and current environmental suitability (climate and topography) to predict shrub expansion, but such approaches omit potentially important biotic-abiotic interactions and non-stationary relationships. Here, we use long-term high-resolution satellite imagery across Alaska and western Canada to show that observed shrub expansion has not been controlled by environmental suitability during 1984-2014, but rather can only be explained by accounting for seed dispersal and fire. These findings provide the impetus for better observations of recruitment and for incorporating currently underrepresented processes of seed dispersal and fire in land models to project shrub expansion and future climate feedbacks. Integrating these dynamic processes with projected fire extent and climate, we estimate that shrubs will expand into 25% of the non-shrub tundra by 2100, in contrast to 39% predicted using a relationship with increasing suitability alone. Thus, using environmental suitability alone likely overestimates and misrepresents the spatial pattern of shrub expansion and its associated carbon sink.
Analysis of the leaf metabolome in Arabidopsis thaliana mutation accumulation lines reveals association of pleiotropy and fitness consequences
Authors: Kreutzmann Sydney , Pompa Elizabeth , Ngyuen Nhan , Tilahun Liya , Rutter Matthew , Weng Mao-Lun , Fenster Charles , Olson-Manning Carrie F
Published: December 2021

Understanding the mechanisms by which mutations affect fitness and the distribution of mutational effects are central goals in evolutionary biology. Mutation accumulation (MA) lines have long been an important tool for understanding the effect of new mutations on fitness, phenotypic variation, and mutational parameters. However, there is a clear gap in predicting the effect of specific new mutations to their effects on fitness. Here, we complete gene ontology analysis and metabolomics experiments on Arabidopsis thaliana MA lines to determine how spontaneous mutations directly affect global metabolic output in lines that have measured fitness consequences. For these analyses, we compared three lines with relative fitness consistently higher than the unmutated progenitor and three lines with lower relative fitness as measured in four different field trials. In a gene ontology analysis, we find that the high fitness lines were significantly enriched in mutations in or near genes with transcription regulator activity. We also find that although they do not have an average difference in the number of mutations, low fitness lines have significantly more metabolic subpathways disrupted than high fitness lines. Taken together, these results suggest that the effect of a new mutation on fitness depends less on the specific metabolic pathways disrupted and more on the pleiotropic effects of those mutations, and that organisms can explore a considerable amount of physiological space with only a few mutations.