bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traditional uses, Antimicrobial potential, Pharmacological properties and Phytochemistry of Viola odorata: A Mini Review
Authors: Singh Ajeet , Dhariwal Shweta , Navneet Dr.
Published: September 2021

Viola odorata Linn. is belongs to the family violaceae. It is popularly known as Sweet Violet, English Violet, Common Violet, or Garden Violet and Gulbanafsa in Hindi. V. odorata is commonly used as remedy for coughs, sore throat, hoarseness and tonsillitis. It is valued as an expectorant, antioxidant, diaphoretic, antibacterial, antipyretic, diuretic and as a laxative. The pharmacological studies revealed the role of V. odorata in some Unani drugs for treatment of common cold, asthma, antimicrobial, and cough associated diseases. It is rich in many phytoconstituents such as, saponins, salicylates, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, coumarins, phenolic glycosides, gaultherin, violutoside, saponins, flavonoids, and odoratine. It is an ethnobotanical herb of India. It holds a special position as a potent adaptive and aphrodisiac in Ayurvedic System of Medicine.
Evaluation of concurrent exposure of lower concentrations of lead and endosulfan on apoptosis by scatter pattern of flow cytometry
Authors: Ranganathan V. , Malik Jitendra Kumar. , Rao GS
Published: September 2021

The effect of repeated exposure of lower doses of lead and endosulfan were evaluated on apoptosis in male wistar rats. Rats of group I served as untreated control. Group II received drinking water with lead as lead acetate @100 ppm (Pb100). Group III was given feed containing technical grade endosulfan @ 10 ppm (E10). Group IV was exposed to Pb (100) +E (10). Splenocytes were analysed for estimating apoptotic percentage in rats. The results suggest that apoptotic percentage was not changed in the lower doses of endosulfan and lead when administered alone and also in combination in the present study.
Qualitative phytochemical analysis of Rhinacanthus nasutus
Authors: Sivagnanam S. , Ranganathan V. , Paramasivan S.
Published: September 2021

Rhinacanthus nasutus (Nagamalli) is a small slender shrub widely distributed in India, South East Asia and China. This herb is being used for treating snake bite by irula tribes in the remote villages of Nilagiri hills. The plant possesses a wide spectrum of phytochemical substances. The current study is aimed at measuring the qualitative phytochemistry of Rhinacanthus nasutus cultivated at herbal garden of Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu. The results suggest that the leaves and root of Rhinacanthus nasutus are potential sources for healthy phytochemicals especially alkaloids and phenols.
Prepoznavanje glazbenog ritma i intonacije kod djece s jezičnim poremećajima
Authors: Krešić Ivana , Pavičić Dokoza Katarina
Published: September 2021

Sve je veći znanstveni naglasak na uporabi glazbenog ritma i intonacije u logopedskoj terapiji jezičnih poremećaja. Glazba i ljudska interakcija koja je prati, jedna je od najintenzivnijih multisenzoričkih i fizičkih aktivnosti u kojoj dijete može sudjelovati. Jezični poremećaji zahtijevaju multisenzorički pristup, a primjena glazbenog ritma i intonacije dobar je instrument za poboljšanje jezičnih sposobnosti djece. Sadržaj rada opisuje pozitivan utjecaj glazbe, osobito glazbenog ritma i intonacije kod djece s jezičnim poremećajima. Činjenica da su lošiji rezultati percepcije glazbenog ritma i intonacije u korelaciji sa smanjenim jezičnim sposobnostima djece, važan je zaključak pregledane literature. Glazbeni ritam i intonacija sadrže paletu mogućnosti u radu s djecom s jezičnim poremećajima.
Виконавські засади функціонування українського струнного квартету: історичний аспект
Authors: Фещак Наталія
Published: September 2021

Розглянуто проблематику квартетного виконавства як окремої галузі музичної творчості. Визначено основні етапи розвитку камерно-інструментального виконавства в Європі, що мали характерний вплив на особливості становлення жанру струнного квартету в Україні. Зазначено, що рівноправний ансамбль чотирьох струнних інструментів, тембри яких наближені до людських голосів, формується як самостійний камерно-інструментальний ансамбль з другої половини XVIІІ століття в основному на рівні аматорського музикування. Висвітлено історичні зв’язки та культурно-естетичні контексти становлення українського струнного квартету. Підкреслено, що в Україні у камерному музикуванні XVIІІ-ХІХ століть набула поширення нова форма концертного «спілкування» — салонна музика. Наведено ряд відомостей, які сприяють повному розумінню означеного феномену. Відмічено, що салонна музика популяризувала як квартетні твори західних авторів, так і фольклорні обробки, знакові для української ансамблевої музики того часу. У кінці ХІХ століття простежено очевидне зростання ролі професійного чинника у концертній діяльності квартетів, а також збагачення й ускладнення стилю квартетного письма. Доведено, що аматорське музикування починає поступово втрачати свій пріоритет. Зазначено, у ХХ столітті в Україні формується нова школа українського квартетного виконавства, позначена високою професійною майстерністю, своєрідною манерою гри. Зосереджено увагу на розвитку квартетного жанру у Києві, Львові, Одесі, Харкові, де створюються професійні квартетні ансамблі з числа найкращих музикантів того часу. Відмічено, що великим поштовхом для розвитку українського квартетного виконавства ХХ століття стало відкриття вищих музичних навчальних закладів, де була започаткована навчальна дисципліна «Квартетний клас». Охарактеризовано основні тенденції розвитку українського струнного квартету в кінці ХХ століття, визначено два основних напрями — академічний та салонний. Вказано на низку факторів, що спричинили такий культурний феномен. Доведено факт актуалізації розвитку жанру струнного квартету в Україні на початку ХХІ століття.
Locating theTawa’ifCourtesan-Dancer: Cinematic Constructions of Religion and Nation
Authors: Thobani Sitara
Published: September 2021

The development of the Hindi/Urdu cinema is intimately connected to the history of artistic performance in India in two important ways. Not only did hereditary music and dance practitioners play key roles in building this cinema, representations of these performers and their practices have been, and continue to be, the subject of Indian film narratives, genres, and tropes. I begin with this history in order to explore the Muslim religio-cultural and artistic inheritance that informs Hindi/Urdu cinema, as well as examine how this heritage has been incorporated into the cinematic narratives that help construct distinct gendered, religious, and national identities. My specific focus is on the figure of the tawa’if dancer, often equated with North Indian culture and nautch dance performance. Analyzing the ways in which traces of the tawa’if appear in two recent films, Dedh Ishqiya and Begum Jaan, I show how this figure is placed in a larger representational regime that sustains nationalist formations of contemporary Indian identity. As I demonstrate, even in the most blatant attempts to define the Indian nation as “Hindu,” the “Muslimness” of the tawa’if—and by extension the cinema she informed in ways both real and representational—is far from relinquished.
ESPINHEIRA-SANTA: DO EXTRATIVISMO À PRODUÇÃO SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Soares Garcia Jéssica , Oliveira Jr Clovis José Fernandes
Published: September 2021

O uso tradicional de espécies nativas para fins terapêuticos apresenta benefícios diretos e imediatos para distintas populações locais, seja pelo cuidado com a saúde ou pela possibilidade de produção e geração de renda. Porém, podem colaborar com a degradação dos ecossistemas, pelo extrativismo e superexploração, que têm colaborado com o avanço do desequilíbrio ecológico. Deste modo, o objetivo desse estudo foi utilizar a Maytenus ilicifolia para exemplificar o que ocorre em relação à exploração e uso de plantas medicinais no Brasil. O estudo foi conduzido a partir da literatura científica, sendo a busca realizada nas plataformas Scielo, Research-Gate, Scoppus, Web-of-Science e Google Acadêmico. As palavras espinheira-santa e Maytenus ilicifolia foram utilizadas nas buscas. Foram selecionados os artigos que abordassem os aspectos: botânica, ecologia, etnobotânica, fitoquímica, fitotecnia e adulterações. Como resultados, verificamos um grande número de publicações sobre fitoquímica, que a espécie sofre com extrativismo e falsificações, e que o manejo em agroecossistemas é ainda incipiente. Concluímos que são necessários incentivos em políticas públicas para pesquisas, produção e divulgação da espécie. Sua inserção em cadeias produtivas configura a sua conservação on farm, possibilitando um passo efetivo para conservação e preservação da espécie.
Palavras-chave: agroecologia; conservação on farm; Maytenus ilicifolia; sociobiodiversidade; agricultura familiar.
 
Espinheira-santa: from extractivism to sustainable production
 
ABSTRACT: The traditional use of native species for therapeutic purposes has direct and immediate benefits for different local populations, whether for health care or the possibility of production and income generation. However, they can collaborate with the degradation of ecosystems, through extractivism and overexploitation, which have collaborated with the advancement of ecological imbalance. Thus, the objective of this study was to use Maytenus ilicifolia to exemplify what happens in relation to the exploration and use of medicinal plants in Brazil. The study was conducted based on the scientific literature, and the search was carried out on the Scielo, Research-Gate, Scoppus, Web-of-Science and Google Scholar platforms. The words espinheira-santa and Maytenus ilicifolia were used in the searches. Articles that addressed the following aspects were selected: botany, ecology, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, phytotechnics and adulterations. As a result, we verified many publications on phytochemistry, that the species suffers from extractivism and forgery, and that management in agroecosystems is still incipient. We conclude that public policy incentives are needed for research, production and dissemination of the species. Its insertion in production chains configures its conservation on farm, enabling an effective step towards conservation and preservation of the species.
Keywords: agroecology; conservation on farm; Maytenus ilicifolia; sociobiodiversity; family farming.
Use of Accessible Blood Filter for Post-operative Cell Salvage in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Bihariesingh Rosita , Bihariesingh Rosita , Voigt Pieter , Bansie Rakesh
Published: September 2021

The availability of centrifugal cell savers supports intraoperative cell salvage and thereby reduces the need for allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Use of these devices, however, is limited to the operating room, forcing a switch to allogeneic products in the post-operative setting. Here we present a case of massive post-operative bleeding due to severe coagulopathy following CABG. Due to the lack of availability of donor blood products a novel blood filter (HemoClear BV, Zwolle, the Netherlands) was used for post-operative salvage. Because of its accessible use, we believe this salvage device has great clinical value in the poor-resource setting.
Patient Care Management (Handbook for Hospital and Community Pharmacists)
Authors: Mohiuddin Abdul Kader
Published: September 2021

Most people on the outside of the health care profession are not familiar with this new role of the pharmacist. The general public has created a stereotypical pharmacist's picture as being a person who stands behind a counter, dispenses medicine with some instructions to the respective consumer. Pharmacy practice has changed substantially in recent years. Today’s pharmacists have unique training and expertise in the appropriate use of medications and provide a wide array of patient care services in many different practice settings. As doctors are busy with the diagnosis and treatment of patients, the pharmacist can assist them by selecting the most appropriate drug for a patient. Interventions by the pharmacists have always been considered as a valuable input by the health care community in the patient care process by reducing the medication errors, rationalizing the therapy and reducing the cost of therapy. The development and approval of the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process by the Joint Commission of Pharmacy Practitioners and incorporation of the Process into the 2016 Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education Standards has the potential to lead to important changes in the practice of pharmacy, and to the enhanced acknowledgment, acceptance, and reimbursement for pharmacy and pharmacist services. As an author, it is my heartiest believe that the book will adjoin significant apprehension to future pharmacists in patient care as most of the portion created from recently published articles focusing pharmacists in patient care settings.
Cognitive Prerequisites for Analysis: A Review of Plausible Concealed Intellectual Barriers in Analysts
Authors: Shafti Saeed Shoja
Published: September 2021

Sluggish or lumpy progression of psychoanalysis or other insight-oriented psychotherapies, in opposite to non-analytical techniques, in unindustrialized societies or traditional nations, during the first decades of present century, in spite of availability of main references or resources, may suggest an exact rational or cognitive foundation, other than well-known socioeconomic explanations. Such sluggishness is worthy of analysis, because, chronologically, the similar course was not so slow in developed societies throughout the comparable period in the last century.
A new subspecies of Capros longispinatus from the basal Upper Oligocene of the Caucasus (Teleostei: Perciformes: Caproidae)
Authors: Prokofiev A.M.
Published: September 2021

Capros longispinatus kelasuriensis subsp. n. is described from the Upper Subhorizon of Morozkina Balka (basal part of the Upper Oligocene) of Abkhazia. It precedes stratigraphically the nominotypical subspecies and differs from the latter chiefly in the much shorter dorsal-fin spines.
Enquête ethnopharmacologique sur les plantes médicinales utilisées dans le traitement traditionnel des troubles gastro-intestinaux dans une région de l’Est algérien (Tébessa)
Authors: Boukezoula F. , Chenikher H. , Smaali S. , Boughanbouz I. , Soualmia D.
Published: September 2021

Une enquête ethnopharmacologique a été entreprise dans une région de l’Est algérien afin d’inventorier les plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle pour traiter les troubles gastro-intestinaux. L’enquête a touché 210 personnes appartenant à tous les niveaux socio-économiques dont 70,47 % des personnes interrogées souffrent des différents troubles gastrointestinaux. Selon les résultats obtenus, les enquêtés acquièrent l’information principalement à travers les expériences des autres personnes âgées et des herboristes avec respectivement 61,90 et 32,38%. Les données collectées ont permis de recenser 36 plantes appartenant à 19 familles botaniques dont les plus représentées sont les Lamiaceaes, les Apiaceaes, les Astéraceaes et les Poaceaes. Ces plantes sont utilisées pour traiter principalement la diarrhée (36,11 %), la digestion difficile (36,11 %), la gastrite (27,77 %), la constipation (25 %), l’ulcère (19,44 %), les météorismes (11,11 %), les douleurs abdominales (11,11 %), le ballonnement (8,33 %), les douleurs de l’estomac (5,55 %) et les problèmes du côlon (5,55 %). Les plantes recensées sont préparées de différentes méthodes dont les plus répandues sont principalement l’infusion et la décoction (52,77 %). D’après les résultats obtenus, les plantes les plus utilisées pour traiter les troubles gastrointestinaux étaient essentiellement représentées par les genévriers (16,66 %), les grenades (13,33 %), l’armoise (11,42 %) (Artemisia vulgaris) et la Menthe (10 %).
In vivo Anti-inflammatory Activities of Marrubium vulgare L. and Marrubium deserti de Noé Species Growing in Algeria
Authors: Bousselsela H. , Ghedadba N. , Hambaba L. , Hachemi M. , Dassamiour S. , Mouffouk C.
Published: September 2021

Marrubium vulgareL. andMarrubium desertide Noé have been widely used by the local population for wound healing and disinfection. The arial parts of both species were reported to relieve pain and inflammation. However, insufficient data in the literature supports the traditional use of these species. For this, the present study investigated the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of methanolic extracts prepared fromMarrubium vulgareL. andMarrubium desertileaves in order to confirm their traditional use. The total phenolic and flavonoids content were also measured by Folin– Ciocalteu’s and aluminium chloride methods, respectively. And the anti-inflammatory activity was tested using several in vivo models including: xylene ear edema test, paw edema induced by carrageenan assay and anti-pleuritic test. The results showed that methanol extracts prepared from both species contain many secondary metabolites known for their interesting biological activities. Crude extracts had high levels of polyphenols (195 ± 0.06 mg GAE/g extract; 184 ± 0.78 mg GAE/mg of extract) and flavonoids (93.12 ± 0.17 mg QE/g extract; 28.48 ± 0.40 μg QE/mg of extract) forMarrubium vulgareandMarrubium deserti, respectively. The assessment of anti-inflammatory activity showed that the oral administration of MeOHE at a dose of 200 mg/kg to rats treated with carrageenan causes a significant decrease (87.3 ± 0.25%; 86.4%) of inflammation compared with standard diclofenac (positive control) which showed 85.52 ± 0.47% of protection. In the xylene ear edema test and antipleuretic assay, MeOHE showed significant antiinflammatory activity. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the speciesMarrubium vulgareandMarrubium desertihave potent in vivo anti-inflammatory effects and could constitute an important source of therapeutic agents. However, further biological investigations are required in order to elucidate their mechanisms of action.
ASSESSMENT OF INTRODUCED APPLE VARIETIES BY SCAB AFFECTION (VENTURIA INAEQUALIS (COOKE) G. WINTER)
Authors: Merezhko O. E. , Tikhonova M. A. , Lokhova A. I.
Published: September 2021

The article presents data on the identifying of apple varieties resistant to scab for their further use in breeding. The research was carried out on the basis of the Orenburg branch of the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery from 2010 to 2020 in the orchard established in 2004. The objects of research were introduced apple varieties and local hybrids. Scab (the causative agent is the marsupial mushroom Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter) causes great damage to the apple tree. This disease affects the fruits and leaves, while dramatically reducing the apple productivity and marketability. According to the results of the studies, the greatest development of scab was observed in 2011, 2013 and 2016. In dry years (2010, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2017-2020 years) scab lesions were not observed. We have identified apple introduced varieties, which over the years of observation had a weak scab lesion and few spots on the apple leaves. In the control variant, in summer varieties in 2011, the scab on the leaves of the Serebryanoe kopytse variety was 0.9 points, all other studied varieties had a lower parameter. In autumn varieties, the varieties Sverdlovchanin and Gornist had the lowest parameter — 0.3-0.4 points, respectively, with a control parameter of 0.8 points (Prizemlennoye variety); in winter varieties, all the studied samples were lower than the control variant — 0.9 points. Weather conditions 2013 and 2016 also showed apple varieties less susceptible to scab in the conditions of the Orenburg region. As a result, we identified apple varieties that are weakly affected by scab: summer varieties — Letneye polosatoye, Mechtatel’nitsa, Solntsedar, Chudnoye; autumn varieties — resident of Sverdlovsk, Hornist; winter — Anis Sverdlovsky, Krasa Sverdlovsk, Persian. The obtained data can be used in breeding to create new apple varieties resistant to scab in the conditions of the Orenburg region.
SPREAD AND HARMFULNESS OF THE THRIPS TABACI LIND IN APPLE PLANTATIONS OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY
Authors: Podgornaya M. E. , Prakh S. V. , Vasilchenko A. V.
Published: September 2021

The results of daily phytosanitary monitoring of fruit plantations and literature data on biology, ecology, harmfulness of tobacco thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) are presented. In the apple agrocenoses of the Kuban and Black Sea zones of Krasnodar Territory, an increase in the harmfulness of representatives of the order Thysanoptera is observed. An increase in the number of tobacco thrips was noted, which led to a decrease in the quality of fruits. In the growing season of 2018, isolated symptoms of fruit damage by phytophagous were noted, in the growing season of 2019, fruit damage reached up to 2 %, in 2020 — 5-30 %. It was revealed that during the flowering period the number of T. tabaci Lind was 1-2 specimens per inflorescence; at the end of flowering, the amount of the pest increased by 5 times. High temperatures and lack of precipitation led to an outbreak of the pest population; in the first decade of June, 15 to 40 individuals were fixed per leaf. A high degree of damage to the tops of shoots, leaves and fruits was observed, the tissue in the feeding places of the pest was deformed, discolored, acquiring the appearance of whitish spots, which grew during the growth and ripening of fruits. It is known that the intensive development of thrips takes place in dry and hot years; the optimum temperature for the development of T. tabaci Lind is +25 °C. As a result of our monitoring, it was revealed that the maximum amount of the pest was observed during the period when high temperatures and low relative air humidity were noted — June and early July. The greatest number of the pest was found in areas bordering the fields of grain and tilled crops, while the number of phytophages at the time of registration reached 45 individuals per leaf and more. It should be noted that when the air temperature rises above +35 °C, the development of the phytophage stops, and the mortality rate of all stages sharply increases. To ensure a stable phytosanitary situation in fruit agrocenoses and prevent loss of fruit quality from damage by thrips, it is necessary to develop a set of measures to control the number of pests.
In Search of Ideographs: Exploring the Rhetorical Landscape of Inaugural Speeches in Pakistan (1947 – 2018)
Authors: Amjad Muhammad , Afsar Ayaz
Published: September 2021

This article explores ideographs in the inaugural speeches of Heads of State/Government of Pakistan from the country’s founding in 1947 to 2018 – the time of the latest inaugural speeches in Pakistan’s political history. The data was collected from multiple sources, mostly official. A total of fifty-eight speeches were analyzed, which contained 124,363 words—averaging 2,144 words apiece. The study was qualitative in nature and employed McGee’s framework of Ideographic Criticism for data analysis. Setting ‘ideograph’ as a unit of analysis, the study carried out repeated close readings of the speeches. The analysis involved five steps: identification, translation (in case of Urdu speeches), categorization, contextualization and interpretation. Thus, in all 493 ideographs (both positive and negative) were identified in the speeches. While analysis of such a large number of ideographs was practically impossible, only 58 ideographs (47 positive and 11 negative), which had a frequency of 10 or above in both English and Urdu speeches taken together or in either of the languages, were analyzed diachronically. This study is the first attempt of its kind in the context of Pakistan and contributes at four levels: Theory, Method, Genre and Context.
Biomechanics of a laterally placed sacroiliac joint fusion device supplemental to S2 alar-iliac fixation in a long-segment adult spinal deformity construct: a cadaveric study of stability and strain distribution
Authors: de Andrada Pereira Bernardo , Wangsawatwong Piyanat , Lehrman Jennifer N. , Sawa Anna G. U. , Lindsey Derek P. , Yerby Scott A. , Godzik Jakub , Waguespack Alexis M. , Uribe Juan S. , Kelly Brian P.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE

S2 alar-iliac (S2AI) screw fixation effectively enhances stability in long-segment constructs. Although S2AI fixation provides a single transarticular sacroiliac joint fixation (SIJF) point, additional fixation points may provide greater stability and attenuate screw and rod strain. The objectives of this study were to evaluate changes in stability and pedicle screw and rod strain with extended distal S2AI fixation and with supplemental bilateral integration of two sacroiliac joint fusion devices implanted using a traditional minimally invasive surgical approach.

METHODS

Eight L1–pelvis human cadaveric specimens underwent pure moment (7.5 Nm) and compression (400 N) tests under 4 conditions: 1) intact (pure moment loading only); 2) L2–S1 pedicle screw and rod with L5–S1 interbody fusion; 3) added S2AI screws; and 4) added bilateral laterally placed SIJF. Range of motion (ROM), rod strain, and screw-bending moment (S1 and S2AI) were analyzed.

RESULTS

Compared with S1 fixation, S2AI fixation significantly reduced L5–S1 ROM in right lateral bending by 50% (0.11°, p = 0.049) and in compression by 39% (0.22°, p = 0.003). Compared with fixation ending at S1, extending fixation with S2AI significantly decreased sacroiliac joint ROM by 52% (0.28°, p = 0.02) in flexion, by 65% (0.48°, p = 0.04) in extension, by 59% (0.76°, p = 0.02) in combined flexion-extension, and by 36% (0.09°, p = 0.02) in left axial rotation. The addition of S2AI screws reduced S1 screw-bending moment during flexion (0.106 Nm [43%], p = 0.046). With S2AI fixation, posterior L5–S1 primary rod strain increased by 124% (159 μE, p = 0.002) in flexion, by 149% (285 μE, p = 0.02) in left axial rotation, and by 99% (254 μE, p = 0.04) in right axial rotation. Compared with S2AI fixation, the addition of SIJF reduced L5–S1 strain during right axial rotation by 6% (28 μE, p = 0.04) and increased L5–S1 strain in extension by 6% (28 μE, p = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

Long-segment constructs ending with S2AI screws created a more stable construct than those ending with S1 screws, reducing lumbosacral and sacroiliac joint motion and S1 screw-bending moment in flexion. These benefits, however, were paired with increased rod strain at the lumbosacral junction. The addition of SIJF to constructs ending at S2AI did not significantly change SI joint ROM or S1 screw bending and reduced S2AI screw bending in compression. SIJF further decreased L5–S1 rod strain in axial rotation and increased it in extension.
Double tubular minimally invasive spine surgery: a novel technique expands the surgical visual field during resection of intradural pathologies
Authors: Hubbe Ulrich , Klingler Jan-Helge , Roelz Roland , Scholz Christoph , Argiti Katerina , Fistouris Panagiotis , Beck Jürgen , Vasilikos Ioannis
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE

A major challenge of a minimally invasive spinal approach (MIS) is maintaining freedom of maneuverability through small operative corridors. Unfortunately, during tubular resection of intradural pathologies, the durotomy and its accompanying tenting sutures offer a smaller operating window than the maximum surface of the tube’s base. The objective of this study was to evaluate if a novel double tubular technique could expand the surgical visual field during MIS resection of intradural pathologies.

METHODS

A total of 25 MIS resections of intradural extramedullary pathologies were included. A posterior tubular interlaminar fenestration was performed in all surgeries. A durotomy covering the whole diameter of the tubular base was the standard in all cases. After placement of two tenting sutures on each side of the durotomy and application of tension, the resulting surface of the achieved dura fenestration was measured after optical analysis of the intraoperative video. In the next step, a second tube, 2 mm thinner than and the same length as the first, was inserted telescopically into the first tube, resulting an angulated fulcrum effect on the tenting sutures.

RESULTS

Optical surface analysis of the dura fenestration before and after the second tubular insertion verified a significant widening of the visual field of 43.1% (mean 18.84 mm2, 95% CI 16.8–20.8, p value < 0.001). There were no ruptured tenting sutures through the increased tension. Postoperative MRIs verified complete resection of the pathologies.

CONCLUSIONS

Inserting a second tube telescopically during posterior minimally invasive tubular spinal intradural surgery leads to an angulated fulcrum effect on the dura tenting sutures which consequently increases the surface of the dura fenestration and induces a meaningful widening of the visual field.
Magnetic resonance–guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for pediatric periventricular nodular heterotopia-related epilepsy
Authors: Ravindra Vijay M. , Lee Sungho , Gonda David , Patino Ilana , Ruggieri Lucia , Ikeda Daniel S. , Curry Daniel J.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE

Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a result of disrupted neuronal migration from the ventricular system and can be a rare cause of refractory focal epilepsy. The goal of this case series was to describe the treatment of pediatric PVNH-related epilepsy with MR-guided laser interstitial thermal ablation.

METHODS

Patients treated at a single institution with MR-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) for PVNH-related epilepsy were identified. Preoperative and postoperative seizure outcomes and procedural information were evaluated.

RESULTS

Five children with PVNH treated with MRgLITT were reviewed; 1 child was treated twice. Three patients were female; the median age was 10.9 years. Five of 6 treatments were preceded by stereoelectroencephalography phase II monitoring. Three children experienced unilateral PVNH, and 2 had bilateral seizures. The median number of seizures recorded during phase II monitoring was 2; the median number of ablation targets was 2 (range 1–4). All patients experienced a decrease in seizure frequency; 4 patients (80%) had an Engel class ≤ III at the last follow-up (range I–IV). One child experienced right hemianopia posttreatment.

CONCLUSIONS

This case series investigation has illustrated a novel, minimally invasive approach for treating pediatric PVNH-related epilepsy. Further study of this technique with comparison with other surgical techniques is warranted.
Symptom and clinical recovery outcomes for pediatric concussion following early physical activity
Authors: Krainin Benjamin M. , Seehusen Corrine N. , Smulligan Katherine L. , Wingerson Mathew J. , Wilson Julie C. , Howell David R.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE

Recent research supports initiating physical activity as soon as 24 to 48 hours after concussion to reduce persistent postconcussive symptoms. However, this practice has not been widely adopted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of early physical activity with patient-reported and functional outcomes for pediatric patients following a concussion.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort of patients who presented to a pediatric sports medicine clinic (48% female, mean age14.3 ± 2.6 years, and mean 9.8 ± 5.7 days postconcussion) were evaluated. Patients were grouped based on whether they reported engaging in physical activity prior to presenting to the clinic. Patient- and parent-reported symptom frequency (Health and Behavior Inventory), 11 different clinical outcomes (including missed school, memory recall, and balance assessments), the presence of symptoms persisting beyond 28 days, and a subgroup analysis of those patients receiving exercise versus symptom-limiting activity prescriptions were examined. Outcomes were compared between physical activity groups using the Mann-Whitney U-test and the chi-square test. To adjust for the effect of potential confounders, a logistic binary regression model was constructed.

RESULTS

In total, 211 pediatric patients were included, 35 (17%) of whom reported early physical activity. A greater proportion of the no physical activity group reported a headache (85% vs 60%, p = 0.001). The no physical activity group also reported higher patient-reported (23.1 ± 13.4 vs 15.0 ± 13.4, p < 0.001) and parent-reported (19.4 ± 12.7 vs 11.2 ± 10.3, p = 0.001) symptom frequency at the initial visit. The early physical activity group had a lower proportion of patients with persistent symptoms (44% vs 22%, p = 0.02) and a shorter time to symptom resolution (15.6 ± 12.4 days vs 27.2 ± 24.2 days, p = 0.02). After adjusting for potential confounders, early physical activity was associated with 5.8 lower odds of experiencing persistent symptoms (adjusted OR 5.83, 95% CI 2.05–16.61; p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

A significant association between early physical activity and decreased symptom burden was observed. A lower proportion of those patients who engaged in early physical activity experienced persistent symptoms 28 days postinjury. However, low rates of early physical activity prior to the initial clinic visit were also observed, indicating that this approach may not be well known by acute care or primary care providers, or is not widely adopted by patients and families.
Effects of thyme powder and aqueous extract on fatty acid profile of breast meat in broiler chicks
Authors: Belali Majid , Seidavi Alireza , Bouyeh Mehrdad
Published: September 2021

Auswirkungen von Thymianpulver und wässrigem Extrakt auf das Fettsäureprofil von Brustfleisch bei Masthähnchen

Dieser Versuch wurde durchgeführt, um die Auswirkungen von Thymian (Thymus vulgaris)-Extrakt und Thymian-Pulver auf das Fettsäureprofil des Brustfleisches bei Broilern zu bewerten. Das Experiment umfasste wässrigen Thymianextrakt (50 und 100 mg/kg Futter) und Thymianpulver (150 und 250 mg/kg Futter), die in Kombination mit dem Grundfutter (Kontrolle) verwendet wurden. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse zeigten, dass der höchste Prozentsatz an ungesättigten Fettsäuren mit höheren Mengen an Thymianpulver und Thymianextrakt zusammenhängt; der höchste Mittelwert wurde mit Thymianextrakt (100) + Thymianpulver (250) und der niedrigste mit Thymianextrakt (0) + Thymianpulver (0) erzielt. Im Allgemeinen kann in der vorliegenden Studie geschlussfolgert werden, dass die Verwendung von Thymianpulver und Thymianextrakt in der Ernährung von Ross 308 Broilern einige gesättigte Fettsäuren verringerte und ungesättigte Fettsäuren erhöhte, was bestimmte gesundheitliche Vorteile hat.
Metode obrade otpadne vode mesne industrije
Authors: Štefanac Tea , Grgas Dijana , Landeka Dragičević Tibela
Published: September 2021

Die Menge und Qualität des Abwassers der Fleischindustrie hängt von der Art des verarbeiteten Fleisches, der Art der Reinigung der Anlagen und der Größe des Betriebes ab. Die Abwässer der Fleischindustrie sind stark verschmutzt und reich an Proteinen, Lipiden, Kohlenhydraten und Fasern. Zur Fleischindustrie gehören Schlachthöfe, Verarbeitungsbetriebe und Anlagen zur Herstellung von Fleischprodukten. Es wurden zahlreiche Methoden zur Abwasserbehandlung in der Fleischindustrie sowie physikalische, chemische und biologische Verfahren untersucht. Das Ziel der Abwasserbehandlung in der Fleischindustrie ist es, die Qualität des gereinigten Wassers zu erreichen, die den gesetzlichen Vorschriften entspricht, eine gute Verwertung der Prozessnebenprodukte, wobei das gewählte Behandlungsverfahren ökologisch, wirtschaftlich und technologisch fortschrittlich sein sollte. Diese Übersichtsarbeit gibt einen Literaturüberblick über die Methoden der Abwasserbehandlung in der Fleischindustrie sowie über die Qualität des Abwassers der Fleischindustrie.
Pengaruh Tutupan Lahan terhadap Base Flow Index DAS Way Seputih Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Yusuf Adenan , Kusumastuti Dyah Indriana , Wahono Endro Prasetyo
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis nilai Base Flow Index (BFI) dan debit baseflow DAS Way Seputih; menganalisis nilai Curve Number (CN) composite DAS Way Seputih tahun 2005, 2009, dan 2011; serta menganalisis pengaruh perubahan tutupan lahan terhadap baseflow DAS Way Seputih. Penentuan baseflow tahun 1973-2006 menggunakan Metode RDF (Recursive Digital Filter) terbaik berdasarkan uji kinerja, yaitu Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), R2, dan grafik FDC (Flow Duration Curv) di antara metode Lyne&Hollick, EWMA, Chapman Algorithm, dan Nathan and McMahon. Kemudian Metode RDF terbaik ini dibandingkan dengan Model SCS-CN (Soil Conservation Sevice Curv Number) untuk menentukan baseflow dan BFI tahun 2005, 2009, dan 2011 berdasarkan uji kinerja. BFI DAS Way Seputih tahun 2005, 2009, dan 2011 berturut-turut adalah 0,8178; 0,54225; dan 0,649502. Untuk nilai CN I composite, CN II composite, dan CN III composite tahun 2005 berturut-turut adalah 63,9191; 79,8869; dan 80,1315. Nilai CN I composite, CN II composite, dan CN III composite tahun 2009 berturut-turut adalah 42,7834; 60,8427; dan 83,6676. Sedangkan Nilai CN I composite, CN II composite, dan CN III composite tahun 2011 berturut-turut adalah 66,4066; 81,9460; dan 94,5943. Nilai BFI dipengaruhi oleh debit baseflow dan debit sungai. Debit sungai dipengaruhi oleh curah hujan, sedangkan debit baseflow dipengaruhi oleh perubahan luas tiap jenis tutupan lahan.
Interpretasi Instrumentasi Piezometer Dalam Rangka Pemantauan Keamanan Bendungan Kedung Ombo
Authors: Siregar Gerald Guntur Pandapotan , Kurniawan Fajar aldoko
Published: September 2021

The embankment dam is the most widely built dam in the world, especially in Indonesia. However, embankment dams are also prone to collapse. Dam failures due to the piping process through the dam body account for 30.5% of the total dam collapses worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically monitor and evaluate the condition of pore water pressure and seepage in a dam which is usually carried out using installed instrumentation. Very little has been done on instrumentation interpretation of earthfill dams in Indonesia, which is a very worrying condition. It is possible that old or even new dams have shown behavior that leads to a decrease in safety. This condition can be monitored by instrumentation in the dam if interpreted properly. Kedung Ombo Dam as an old embankment dam but has a fairly complete instrumentation can be evaluated for safety related to pore water pressure and phreatic line (seepage line). Pore water pressure evaluation is carried out by collecting piezometer readings and reservoir water level fluctuations over a period of several years. The results of the research on the interpretation of piezometer readings indicate that the overall safety of the Kedung Ombo dam is still good in terms of pore water pressure conditions. However, there are some anomalous conditions that should be investigated further
Opportunities and Limitations of Socio-economic Adaptation in the Coronavirus Crisis
Authors: Titov Vladimir
Published: September 2021

The article reviews the methodological assumptions and results of in-depth interviews held in May 2020. The aim of the article is to identify various aspects of the population’s socio-economic adaptation in the context of the coronavirus pandemic crisis. The author uses the tradition of phenomenological sociology, hermeneutics and narrative analysis as the methodology for the analysis of in-depth interviews contents. The content analysis of the interviews allows to identify certain similarities and differences between two groups of respondents, distinguished by the status of employment (employees and entrepreneurs) in terms of assessment of the crisis’ impact on enterprises and various businesses, specific of the socio-economic behavior, resources, and adaptation practices. A feature of socio-economic behavior common for both categories is the wait-and-see approach to find out possible prospects of the economy and the labour market. However, respondents in the status of employee are generally characterized by a more confident assessment of prospects of job preservation and income level. Active forms of adaptive behavior are particularly noticed among respondents employed in the area of information and communication technologies. Entrepreneurs tend to combine, on the one hand, a negative assessment of the impact the crisis has on their business, and on the other, the desire to look for new market opportunities, realistically assessing the threats and risks, and to rely on themselves. In the context of the ongoing crisis, the specificity of the population’s socio-economic adaptation is associated not only with the status of employment, but also with the industry specifics, an accumulated portfolio of orders, stability of the client base, and social capital.
Russia and the Visegrad Countries: Features of Interactions
Authors: Chetverikova Anna
Published: September 2021

This article discusses the changes in Russia's economic relations with Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic that took place since the world financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009. The author compares reactions of the trade and investment relations to main external challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Russia and the Visegrad Group countries are losing their importance for each other as partners due to repeated internal and external crises and short periods of recovery processes. A pronounced asymmetry of relations in the trade sector remains, although external challenges have led to a number of changes in the sectoral structure of trade. Investment cooperation is still small and strongly influenced by negative economic and political factors. Sectoral structure of mutual FDI is assessed. Dynamics of political dialogue allow us to say that the exacerbation of contradictions in this area narrows the opportunities for the development of economic relations, where the potential for growth remains due to objective economic factors.
Scientific tales by Kurd Lasswitz: between literature, science and philosophy
Authors:   Institute of the World Literature named after A. M. Gor’kiy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Belarev Alexander
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the works of German science fiction writer Kurd Lasswitz (1848–1910). The article provides a brief description of the main themes and directions of the writer’s work. Lasswitz was the creator of the scientific tale genre (das wissenschaftliche Märchen), in which he had set the task of building new relationships between science and literature, nature and man, the animate particle and the cosmic whole. In accordance with the spirit of the fin de siècle era the scientific tale represented a new, post-positivist ideal of knowledge. The key theme of Lasswitz’s fiction was the search for extraterrestrial civilizations.Mars became for Lasswitz a place where the intelligent extraterrestrial beings have realized an ideal society in which ethics and technology are NOT in conflict. Lasswitz was not a neo-Kantian philosopher only, he was also an active popularizer of Kant’s philosophy. He was striving to create a Kantian utopia in literature. For Lasswitz Mars became the realization of this utopia. Also Lasswitz sought to give literary embodiment to the ideas of another philosopher, Gustav Theodor Fechner. Following his philosophy, Lasswitz develops environmental and existential issues of the coexistence of intelligent plants with humans. In Lasswitz’ story for children “The Escaped Flower” (1910), one can trace how in Lasswitz’ science fiction (scientific tale) the themes of the habitability of space (Mars), science and technology of the future interact with the ideas of Kant and Fechner.
“Tell it to Harry Potter, would you suddenly meet him”: Sf&F Fan Fiction as a Post-Folklore Genre of the WWW Age
Authors:   The Patria Center for History and Culture, Saint Petersburg, Korolev Cyril
Published: September 2021

The article examines the current situation in the modern Russian net-literature, where, along with the predominance of romantic fantasy and theso-called Lit-RPG (stories based on computer role-playing games), there is a rise of fan fiction, i. e. amateur fiction based on milestones (literary and cinematic — books, films, TV series, anime, computer games, etc.) of popular culture. As a special subgenre of amateur creativity, fan fiction has emerged in the English-speaking culture in the 1930s, then the emergence of the Internet has contributed to its spread and further development, and in the 1999-2000s a Russian-speaking segment of fan fiction has been formed, significant in volume and diverse in topics. This work examines the genesis of this kind of neterature and reveals the post-folklore nature of modern fan fiction, defines fan fiction as a specific phenomenon of modern popular culture, characterizes the peculiarities of fan fiction as a subject of scientific research, and provides some quantitative characteristics of the corpus of Russian-language fan fiction. The article presents outlines and prospects for further study.
How does Cultural Transfer in Pedagogics Work? Review of the Book.: Dorena Caroli. De Amicis in Russia. La ricezione nel sistema scolastico zarista e sovietico. Roma: Carocci editore, 2020
Authors:   Catania University, Italy, Novokhatskiy Dmitry
Published: September 2021

The present review analyses a recent monograph "De Amicis in Russia. La ricezione nel sistema scolastico zarista e sovietico" by Dorena Caroli. The book is dedicated to the investigation of how the ideas of humanist school, expressed by the 19 th century Italian writer and educator Edmondo De Amicis, influenced the school system transformations in the pre-revolutionary and in the Soviet Russia. The review consequently puts into light the theoretical basis of the monograph (mostly, the theory of cultural transfer), its structure, the style of the author and the results of the research. The author puts the question of De Amicis’ ideas reception in a broad cultural context, thus the study offers a deep insight into the school system evolution in the czarist Russia and the Soviet state and a broad map of children book market at the end of the 19 th century. The monograph highlights a universal nature of De Amicis’ ideas which for amost a century through a number of translations and adaptations served as a source for the school system renovation in Russia in various social and political contexts.
Aspiration, risk and risk feeding: A critique of the royal college of physicians guidance on care of people with eating and drinking difficulties
Authors: O’Keeffe Shaun T. , Murray Aoife , Leslie Paula , Collins Lindsey , Lazenby-Paterson Tracy , McCurtin Arlene , Mulkerrin Siofra , Smith Alison
Published: September 2021

The Royal College of Physicians has recently published guidance on supporting people with eating and drinking difficulties. Although much of the advice in the guidance is sensible and helpful, in this paper we argue that the recommendations regarding ‘risk feeding’ decisions are flawed. In particular, there is a failure to clearly identify the nature, frequency and severity of different risks. There is an undue emphasis on aspiration as a risk and as a potential cause of pneumonia, and the limited evidence base for many interventions to manage risk is not adequately acknowledged. There is an emphasis on multidisciplinary team decision making at the expense of individual professional responsibility. We conclude that this guidance regarding risk feeding supports an unduly defensive approach to oral intake and should not be adopted as a standard of medical practice.
A Methodology for Assessing the Impact of Error Components in Gait Analysis Using Closed-Loop Testing on a Biomimetic Rig
Authors: Kampouris Christos , Azariadis Philip , Moulianitis Vasilis
Published: September 2021

Scientific gait analysis methods aim to offer objective measurements, to assist physicians towards an accurate diagnosis or pre-diagnosis of ailments before they actually manifest through noticeable symptoms. This paper reviews selected gait analysis system technologies, trends, applications and discusses errors and precision in spatial and angular readings. Furthermore, we propose a novel test and calibration method using a biomimetic rig. To illustrate this, we conduct three tests on an optical single-camera gait analysis system based on a mobile android smart-phone with specially developed software.