bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Isolated Lateral Malleolus Fractures
Authors: Aiyer Amiethab A. , Zachwieja Erik C. , Lawrie Charles M. , Kaplan Jonathan R. M.
Published: October 2018

Isolated lateral malleolus fractures represent one of the most common injuries encountered by orthopaedic surgeons. Nevertheless, appropriate diagnosis and management of these injuries are not clearly understood. Ankle stability is maintained by ligamentous and bony anatomy. The deep deltoid ligament is considered the primary stabilizer of the ankle. In the setting of an isolated lateral malleolus fracture, identifying injury to this ligament and associated ankle instability influences management. The most effective methods for assessing tibiotalar instability include stress and weight-bearing radiographs. Clinical examination findings are important but less reliable. Advanced imaging may not be accurate for guiding management. If the ankle is stable, nonsurgical management produces excellent outcomes. In the case that clinical/radiographic findings are indicative of ankle instability, surgical fixation options include lateral or posterolateral plating or intramedullary fixation. Locking plates and small or minifragment fixation are important adjuncts for the surgeon to consider based on individual patient needs.
Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Rupture
Authors: George Michael S. , Khazzam Michael
Published: October 2018

Isolated injury to the latissimus dorsi is rare. Partial tendon tears may be successfully treated nonsurgically. Complete tendon ruptures require surgical repair. Tendon repair can be approached either through an anterior deltopectoral incision with a secondary small posterior axillary incision or through a long posterior axillary incision. Suture anchors can be used to repair the latissimus dorsi to the humeral attachment. Although the literature is limited to single-patient case series, most patients have returned to full athletic activity after surgical repair.
Clinical Practice Guidelines in Action: Differences in Femoral Neck Fracture Management by Trauma and Arthroplasty Training
Authors: Stambough Jeffrey B. , Nunley Ryan M. , Spraggs-Hughes Amanda G. , Gardner Michael J. , Ricci William M. , McAndrew Christopher M.
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to survey trauma and arthroplasty surgeons to investigate associations between subspecialty training and management of geriatric femoral neck fractures and to compare treatments with the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons clinical practice guidelines.

Methods:

Five hundred fifty-six surgeons completed the online survey consisting of two sections: (1) surgeon demographics and (2) two geriatric hip fracture cases with questions regarding treatment decisions.

Results:

In both clinical scenarios, arthroplasty surgeons were more likely than trauma surgeons to recommend total hip arthroplasty (THA) (case 1: 96% versus 84%; case 2: 29% versus 10%; P ≤ 0.02) and spinal anesthesia (case 1: 70% versus 40%; case 2: 62% versus 38%; P < 0.01). Surgeons who have made changes based on clinical practice guidelines (n = 96; 21% of surveyed) cited more use of THA (n = 56; 58% of respondents) and cemented stems (n = 28; 29% of respondents).

Conclusion:

Arthroplasty surgeons are more likely to recommend THA over hemiarthroplasty and have a higher expectation for spinal anesthesia for the management of geriatric femoral neck fractures.
Electrical Injuries of the Hand and Upper Extremity
Authors: Lee Donald H. , Desai Mihir J. , Gauger Erich M.
Published: October 2018

High-voltage electrical injuries are relatively rare injuries that pose unique challenges to the treating physician, yet the initial management follows well-established life-saving, trauma- and burn-related principles. The upper extremities are involved in most electrical injuries because they are typically the contact points to the voltage source. The amount of current that passes through a specific tissue is inversely proportional to the tissue's intrinsic resistance with electricity predominantly affecting the skeletal muscle secondary to its large volume in the upper extremity. Therefore, cutaneous burns often underestimate the true extent of the injury because most current is through the deep tissues. Emergent surgical exploration is reserved for patients with compartment syndrome; otherwise, initial débridement can be delayed for 24 to 48 hours to allow tissue demarcation. Early rehabilitation, wound coverage, and delayed deformity reconstruction are important concepts in treating electrical injuries.
Law and Economics’ Responses to the Threat of Its Initial Success
Authors: Mascini Peter
Published: October 2018

Law and Economics’ Responses to the Threat of Its Initial Success

This paper starts by reviewing empirical research that threatens law and economics’ initial success. This research has demonstrated that the functioning of the law cannot be well understood based on the assumption of the rational actor and that policies which are based on this assumption are likely to be flawed. Subsequently, three responses to this criticism are discussed. Whereas the first response denounces this criticism by maintaining that the limitations attributed to the rational actor can easily be incorporated in rational choice theory, the second response welcomes the criticism as an opportunity to come up with an integrative theory of law and behavior. The third response also takes the criticism seriously but replaces the aspiration to come up with such an integrative theory by a context-sensitive approach. It will be argued that the first two responses fall short while the third response offers a promising way to go forward.
Linking Legal Scenarios to Empirical Data
Authors: Schroff Simone
Published: October 2018

Linking Legal Scenarios to Empirical Data

Different legal rules can lead to the same observable outcome, making it difficult to identify the most influential rule. This article addresses this gap by focusing on how competing explanatory theories derived from a doctrinal analysis can be assessed using a methodology called process-tracing. One of process-tracing’s main uses is to link explanatory theories to empirical evidence, permitting an assessment of causal mechanisms’ practical impact in comparison to each other. This article demonstrates the potential and practical implementation of process-tracing in the context of empirical legal research. In addition to the core characteristics of process-tracing, the paper clarifies when process-tracing can add to a doctrinal analysis and the requirements which have to be met. Furthermore, the process of linking doctrinal work with empirical evidence relying on process-tracing is shown, using the example of copyright ownership in the broadcasting sector. As a result, this paper demonstrates the added value of a process-tracing analysis carried out in addition to doctrinal work, in particular the insights into industry practice it generates.
A desmoralização social da carreira docente
Authors: Arcary Valério
Published: October 2018

Qualquer avaliação honesta da situação das redes de ensino público estadual e municipal revela que a educação contemporânea no Brasil, infelizmente, não é satisfatória. As razões identificadas para esta crise são variadas. É verdade que problemas complexos têm muitas determinações. Entre os muitos processos que explicam a decadência do ensino público, um dos mais significativos, senão o mais devastador, foi a queda do salário médio docente a partir, sobretudo, dos anos oitenta. Tão grande foi a queda do salário dos professores que, em 2008, como medida de emergência, foi criado um piso nacional. Os professores das escolas públicas passaram a ter a garantia de não ganhar abaixo de R$ 950,00, somados aí o vencimento básico (salário) e as gratificações e vantagens. Se considerarmos como referência o rendimento médio real dos trabalhadores, apurado em dezembro de 2010 o valor foi de R$ 1.515,10.[1] Em outras palavras, o piso nacional é inferior, apesar da exigência mínima de uma escolaridade que precisa ser o dobro da escolaridade média nacional.
O papel estratégico da Filosofia na educação básica – Entrevista com Celso Favaretto
Authors: Bauer Carlos
Published: October 2018

Trata-se da entrevista, com Celso Favaretto, destinada a Revista Dialogia, nº. 14.
A importância da Filosofia no ensino de ciências
Authors: Razuck Fernando Barcellos , Razuck Renata Cardoso de Sá Ribeiro
Published: October 2018

A Cincia se mostra cada dia mais presente na vida dos cidados. Entretanto, pensar a Cincia como uma construo humana vem se tornando um hbito cada vez mais raro, levando ao distanciamento da populao com relao a assuntos sobre o tema. Nesse sentido, entende-se que a Filosofia tem um papel crucial no resgate da populao para refletir e levar ao debate assuntos cientficos que podem interferem diretamente no seu cotidiano. Dessa forma, neste artigo discutida a importncia que a Filosofia pode ter no processo de Ensino das Cincias, por entender-se que estas duas reas de conhecimento se realcionam mutuamente. Assim, entender a Cincia e seus processos remete a entend-la como uma construo histrica, social, cultural e filosfica.
A "Nova Aliança" entre as Ciências Humanas e Sociais e as Ciências da Natureza: um ensaio sobre a práxis docente em cursos de Licenciatura em Física, Química e Matemática
Authors: Bomfim Alexandre Maia , Siqueira-Batista Rodrigo
Published: October 2018

O presente texto aborda as possibilidades de diálogos entre as “ciências humanas e sociais” – as Geisteswissenschaften – e as “ciências da natureza” – as Naturwissenschaften ¬–, no domínio da educação científica. A pesquisa se estruturou a partir da experiência com turmas de licenciaturas em Matemática, Física e Química – no âmbito de atuação das disciplinas humanas e pedagógicas –, tendo como escopo (1) problematizar tal relação, (2) contextualizá-la dentro de um modelo societário, (3) apontando para um sentido quiçá mais avançado ao Ensino de Ciências e à formação do professor. O estudo chegou a algumas inferências, faz-se necessário: garantir reflexão para a relação entre o “especialista”, “cientista” e “docente” sem dispensar o político e o diálogo com a Filosofia; constituir uma Ciência Integral crítica e autocrítica, para se afastar do utilitarismo; garantir vários momentos de interdisciplinaridade, realizando na prática do docente vários exercícios, atividades, avaliações, problematizações para além de sua própria disciplina.
O corpo para o capital: revisitando a história da Educação Física no Brasil
Authors: Justo Sandro Mello
Published: October 2018

O presente estudo tem como objetivo revisitar a história da Educação Física no Brasil tendo como foco a análise das principais tendências conservadoras que a influenciaram ao longo de sua cristalização no cenário escolar: a tendência higienista, militarista e tecnicista. Localizando-as na construção de uma Educação Física escolar a serviço dos interesses da classe burguesa brasileira, analisamos como tais tendências serviram de pauta para a efetivação deste componente curricular a partir das necessidades materiais históricas que surgiram para a consolidação do capitalismo em nosso país. Percebemos, portanto, que a Educação Física escolar possuiu um papel fundamental na conformação da classe trabalhadora com a dominação burguesa, papel este que, na medida em que construiu uma visão conservadora da Educação Física escolar, também fez surgir a reflexão sobre a necessidade de sua superação a partir do diálogo desta área com teorias sociais críticas.
Distance education: advantages and disadvantages of the point of view of education and society
Authors: Oliveira Mayra Martins Santana de , Penedo Antonio Sergio Torres , Pereira Vinícius Silva
Published: October 2018

This article aims to identify the main advantages and disadvantages of distance education for both students and the educational enterprise. The methodological procedure chosen was an exploratory case study aiming at an analysis of how effective this modality can be in relation to other traditional forms of teaching. In the course of the research it was possible to identify that the main advantage for the institution is the increase in the number of students attended. From the student's point of view, the main advantage is the flexibility offered by distance learning courses. It is possible that the distance modality continues to grow steadily, but it still seems utopian to say that at some point in the history of education, face-to-face teaching will become obsolete and thus be totally replaced by EAD. Not all students have the profile required to enter a distance learning course.
Pirâmides e cones de aprendizagem: da abstração à hierarquização de estratégias de aprendizagem
Authors: Da Silva Fábio Luiz , Muzardo Fabiane Tais
Published: October 2018

As pirmides e cones de aprendizagem so recursos costumeiramente utilizados no meio escolar para defender que as prticas pedaggicas que favorecem a participao mais ativa dos alunos so as mais eficientes. Na maioria das vezes, essas pirmides e cones so associadas aos estudos de William Glasser e Edgar Dale. Esses pesquisadores, contudo, no criaram uma hierarquia de estratgias mais eficientes, muito menos associaram tais estratgias a porcentagem de sucesso ou insucesso na aprendizagem. Em algum momento essa associao foi realizada e transformou-se, com o tempo, em argumento de autoridade. Tendo em vista essa realidade, o objetivo desse artigo discutir os usos desses slidos da aprendizagem, tidos, muitas vezes, como referncias para praticas pedaggicas de sucesso.
Alteraciones de la temporalidad: las acciones políticas juveniles y la reconfiguración del orden escolar
Authors: Nuñez Pedro
Published: October 2018

En este artculo exploramos en las tensiones entre la temporalidad de la propuesta escolar y la sociabilidad estudiantil. En primera instancia realizamos un recorrido por estudios que exploraron en la nocin de tiempo, tanto aquellos preocupados por la organizacin del tiempo escolar como los estudios de juventud que observaron las disputas entre ritmos juveniles y educativos. En un segundo momento, indagamos en los procesos de politizacin que tienen lugar en la escuela secundaria. Los resultados permiten develar las disputas por la regulacin del tiempo, que se expresan en cuatro tipos de interrupciones del orden escolar, algunas ms escolarizadas, otras negociadas hasta las ms disruptivas. Las reuniones del Centro de Estudiantes, el pasar por las aulas para avisar de alguna actividad, las asambleas, las marchas hasta la toma de la escuela son acciones que forman parte del repertorio utilizado por los estudiantes para plantear sus reclamos, alterando los ritmos escolares. La investigacin es parte del Proyecto PICT 2014-2958 Escuela secundaria, polticas pblicas e impacto en la desigualdad: convivencia y formacin intergeneracionales con sede en la UNIPE y Flacso, Argentina.
Aspectos semióticos da filosofia peirceana como fundação para a educação do pensamento
Authors: Jungk Isabel
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo objetiva propor alguns conceitos do quadro filosfico peirceano como fundamento para a formao de um pensamento crtico amplo. Partindo de conceitos semiticos, tais como signo, objeto, interpretante e seus desdobramentos, em conexo com conceitos metafsicos como idealismo objetivo, sinequismo e falibilismo, possvel vislumbrar o desenvolvimento de uma perspectiva lgica abrangente sobre a realidade humana, capaz de integrar diversos pontos de vista de maneira inclusiva e, assim, assimilar diferenas culturais e cientficas de forma inteligvel em meio heterogeneidade social contempornea. A presente pesquisa, por meio de anlises e aplicaes conceituais, busca evidenciar que uma educao voltada para o desenvolvimento das faculdades mentais humanas, ao enfatizar os aspectos representacionais do pensamento, da cultura e da cincia, pode possibilitar ao prprio homem vislumbrar com mais clareza suas prprias criaes culturais e cientficas, bem como o papel que desempenha na sua produo.
Educação Multicultural no Universo Hip-Hop
Authors: Costa dos Santos Maria Aparecida
Published: October 2018

Por meio de investigao bibliogrfica e emprica, tomando principalmente como suporte de anlise os princpios epistemolgicos da Pedagogia do oprimido, de Paulo Freire, este estudo discute a constituio do Hip-Hop como movimento social e cultural, estabelecendo suas relaes com a perspectiva multicultural. As anlises desenvolvidas nesta pesquisa revelaram que o Hip-Hop , hoje, um fenmeno mundial nico, medida que envolve jovens e adultos das periferias de todo o planeta. Trata-se de um movimento que se manifesta em diferentes lugares e, em muitos casos, traduz-se como nica alternativa s mltiplas formas de violncia, revelando-se, portanto, como um processo tambm educador e de resistncia sociocultural. O Hip-Hop marcado tambm por um carter profundamente dialtico, na medida em que manifesta-se inacabado e em permanente movimento de constituio e reconfigurao no cenrio social.
Limitations in the airspace sovereignty of states in connection with space activity
Authors: Polkowska Małgorzata
Published: October 2018

The launch of the Soviet Sputnik in 1957 resulted in the emergence of two legal concepts concerning spacefl ight. The first of them concerned harmless passage through airspace subjected to the sovereignty of states, the second - recognition that at the height of the trajectory of a passage, space is no longer subject to the sovereignty of states (res omnium communis). In both cases, we are dealing with limiting the sovereignty of states. These issues have not been resolved to this day. The practice of spacefl ight has confirmed the freedom of spaceflight, although it has not resolved the issue of the upper limit of airspace. It is worth emphasising, however, that the decisive factor for the development of space law was the customary law that arose in 1957, because states did not protest and tacitly accepted the principle of a harmless flight.
Trzy filary kultury bezpieczeństwa
Authors: Piwowarski Juliusz
Published: October 2018

Artykuł prezentuje propozycję interdyscyplinarnej platformy naukowej,
jako podstawy dla nauk o bezpieczeństwie. Zawierają się w niej nie tylko
militarne, ale głównie niemilitarne aspekty bezpieczeństwa. Nacisk został
położony na kulturę bezpieczeństwa, główną oś naukową czasopisma naukowego
„Kultura Bezpieczeństwa”, wraz z koncepcją trzech filarów kultury
bezpieczeństwa: mentalno-duchowy, prawno-organizacyjny, materialny.
ТРИ КОЛОННЫ КУЛЬТУРЫ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ
Authors: Piwowarski Juliusz
Published: October 2018

Статья представляет пропозицию интердисциплинарной научной
платформы как основы для наук о безопасности. В ней заключены
не только милитарные, но в основном немилитарные аспекты безо-
пасности. Акцент поставлен на культуре безопасности, главную на-
учную ось научного журнала «Культура безопасности», вместе с кон-
цепцией трёх колонн культуры безопасности: ментально-духовной,
организационно-правовой, материальной.
THE CONCEPT AND ESSENCE
OF INFORMATION SECURITY
Authors: Grzebiela Klaudia
Published: October 2018

A sense of security is one of the basic human needs that can be guaranteed
by the state using the available methods and techniques. At present, security
categories are distinguished where information security has found
its place. Due to the role of information and its impact on states, societies
and entities, the literature has highlighted this issue. The wide scope of information
security and related topics have led to the creation of concepts
that do not reflect current knowledge about information security. The aim
of the article is to select, among the definitions presented by the doctrine
– the definition of information security most aptly capturing its essence.
In this work the author used the descriptive methodology, focusing
on the comparative analytical method.
Systemic character of Polish-Ukrainian scientific cooperation
Authors: Nychkalo Nelly
Published: October 2018

The article highlights the main directions of creative cooperation of scientists and educators of the Republic of Poland and Ukraine. Certain directions are analyzed, the dynamism of this process, its expansion and deepening caused by a combination of factors are characterized. The leading among them is the human factor, which determines humanization, spirituality, internal motivation in the “man-man” system. Particular attention is paid to the understanding of the role of the scientist’s personality, his state vision and influence on this process. A vivid example of such a scholar is Franciszek Szlosek, Doctor Habilitated, Professor, Director of the Institute of Pedagogy of The Maria Grzegorzewska University in Warsaw, Foreign Member of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Head of the Scientific Society “Poland-Ukraine”. His name, ideas, concrete and fruitful activity, aimed at developing international cooperation, became part of the history of Ukrainian pedagogical science and education at the end of the 20th century - the beginning of the 21st century.
The Prediction of Marital Satisfaction Through Attachment Styles and Love Story
Authors: Sina Farnoush , Najarpourian Samaneh , Samavi S. Abdolvahab
Published: October 2018

Background: Generally, people tend to create stories relevant to their romantic beliefs based on their personalities and personal experiences. Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating and determining the role of attachment styles and the Sternberg love story to predict marital satisfaction. Methods: The current descriptive-correlational study was conducted on a population including all couples in Qeshm Island, Iran. The 400 participants (200 couples) were selected through stratified sampling method. To collect the needed data, three different instruments were employed namely couples satisfaction index (CSI), the Sternberg love story index, and experiences in close relationships questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed through correlation and multiple regression analyses. Results: The results of the study revealed that the male dominant love story, male and female social receptivity, and male entertainment significantly and positively predicted the marital satisfaction. On the other hand, female and male anxious and avoidance attachment, female dominant, female and male submission, and female self-pleasure negatively and significantly predicted marital satisfaction. It is noteworthy that the relationship between entertainment love story in females and pleasure love story in males was not significant. Totally, 49% of marital satisfaction variance in males and 77% of marital satisfaction variance in females were accounted by predictor variables. Conclusions: Variety of male and female love story and attachment styles can affect marital satisfaction.
Padronização de metodologia de extração lipídica para análise isotópica de tecidos animais
Authors: Petinati Bruna Ewely da Silva , Denadai Juliana Célia , Araujo Robert Guaracy Aparecido Cardoso , Gennari Rodrigo Da Silva , Mitsunaga Thatiane Mendes , Silva Evandro Tadeu , Sartori Maria Marcia Pereira , Costa Vladmir Eliodoro
Published: October 2018

Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar se os processos de extração lipídica alteram o valor isotópico no fígado e músculo de frangos, peixes, suínos e bovinos. Foram coletadas 24 amostras de fígado e músculo destes animais de interesse zootécnico, sendo divididas aleatoriamente em três tratamentos com oito repetições. As amostras foram coletadas com cuidado para que todas fossem do mesmo lote. Os tratamentos foram: desidratado - as amostras foram secadas durante 48 horas por estufa de ventilação forçada; Soxhlet - as amostras foram desengorduradas em éter etílico; e Folch - as amostras foram desengorduradas em clorofórmio/metanol. Os resultados isotópicos foram submetidos à análise multivariada discriminante linear por meio do pacote estatístico do software Minitab 16. A extração lipídica por éter interferiu nos valores isotópicos dos tecidos avaliados de frangos, suínos e pintado. A extração lipídica por clorofórmio/metanol interferiu nos valores isotópicos dos tecidos musculares de frangos e suínos. Não houve alterações nos valores isotópicos, independentemente do método de extração, para os tecidos de bovino e para tilápia do Nilo. Sugere-se, portanto, a não extração lipídica em tecidos de animais com finalidade zootécnica, a fim de diminuir a interferência dos processos de extração lipídica nos valores isotópicos dos tecidos animais.
The Boundedness Illusion: Asymptotic projections from early evolution underestimate evolutionary potential
Authors: Wiser Michael J , Dolson Emily L , Vostinar Anya , Lenski Richard E , Ofria Charles
Published: October 2018

Open-ended evolution researchers seek to create systems that continually produce new evolutionary outcomes, attempting to reflect the power and diversity of evolution in nature. The specific metrics used (novelty, complexity, diversity, etc) vary by researcher, but the holy grail would be a system where any of these can accumulate indefinitely. Of course, one challenge that we face in reaching this goal is even recognizing if we have succeeded. To determine the evolutionary potential of a system, we must conduct finite experiments; based on their results we can predict how we would expect evolution to progress were it to continue. Here we examine how such predictions might be made and how accurate they might be. We focus on predicting fitness; this metric is often easy to calculate, and correlated with increases in traits like novelty and complexity. For each run in a simple digital evolution experiment, we find the best fit to measured values of fitness, and demonstrate that projecting this fit out usually predicts that fitness will be constrained by an asymptote. Upon extending the experiments, however, we see that fitness often far exceeds this asymptote, belying the boundedness that it implies. Extending past a premature end point allows us to see beyond this "boundedness illusion"
GeoSQL Journey - A gamified learning experience to introduce (or demystify) geospatial SQL queries
Authors: Sandoz Romain , Composto Sarah , Divorne Sandrine , Ertz Olivier , Ingensand Jens
Published: October 2018

In a digital world in the making, digital natives develop new learning profiles, interests, and way of working. Simultaneously teachers are facing students with lack of engagement and motivation with quite traditional learning process that has probably to be reframed considering the effects of digital transformation in the education sector. This issue is acute when it comes to complex subject of study, such as SQL geospatial to manipulate the geospatial characteristic of data. Indeed, some common difficulties have been identified by teachers from HEIG-VD university both in Media Engineering and Geomatics fields of study. The user-centered approach aims at creating digital products highly responding to the user’s needs through techniques improving the user experience. Various aspects have to be considered, including emotions. In education, gamification, along with user experience, interface design and usability best practices is one promising approach able to increase the learner's engagement, interest and motivation. It aims to implement game mechanics within non-game context, in order to motivate the learner to accomplish a task and increase the ability to learn new skills. Using a gamification layer within a given context, being digital or not, act as a motivational trigger. It helps giving meaningful, enjoyable and empowering experience. SQL Island is a project from Kaiserslautern University of Technology which illustrates very well a gamified learning experience of the SQL special-purpose programming language. The GeoSQL Journey project goes further, tackling SQL geospatial to learn in a fun way how to manipulate the geospatial characteristic of data. It is a gamified pedagogical application to introduce the students to the practice of SQL geospatial during the first hours or days of the course. Serving as an initiation, it is designed to focus on intrinsic motivation (personal development, quest, challenge and fulfillment) with learning objectives determined and integrated with an engaging and coherent game world and narrative. This paper describes the early work of conceptual design of the GeoSQL Journey project. Game mechanics and game interface has been conceived and brought together according to the literature in the domain and best practices on this matter. The following step for this project is to elaborate a testing method without yet having to develop an application prototype (e.g. organizing a fairly raw tabletop game associated with a classic SQL console) so as to challenge the design with students and teachers to get their feedbacks. Also, it is envisioned to evaluate how existing open source gamification tools and frameworks would be suitable to develop the first prototype planned for the 2019-2020 academic year.
Modeling the effect of temperature on membrane response of light stimulation in optogenetically-targeted neurons
Authors: Peixoto Helton Maia , Moreno Rossana , Moulin Thiago , Leão Richardson N N
Published: October 2018

Optogenetics is revolutionizing neuroscience but an often neglected effect of light stimulation of the brain is the generation of heat. In extreme cases, light-generated heat kills neurons but mild temperature changes alter neuronal function. In this work, we investigated heat transfer in brain tissue for common optogenetic protocols using the finite element method. We then modeled channelrhodopsin-2 in a single- and a spontaneous-firing neuron to explore the effect of heat in light stimulated neurons. We found that, at commonly used intensities, laser radiation considerably increases the temperature in the surrounding tissue. This effect alters action potential size and shape and cause increase in spontaneous firing frequency in a neuron model. However, the shortening of activation time constants generated by heat in the single firing neuron model produce AP failures in response to light stimulation. We also found changes in the power spectrum density and a reduction in the time required for synchronization in an interneuron network model of gamma oscillations. Our findings indicate that light stimulation with intensities used in optogenetic experiments may affect neuronal function not only by direct excitation of light sensitive ion channels and/or pumps but also by generating heat. This approach serves as a guide to design optogenetic experiments that minimize the role of tissue heating in the experimental outcome.
Tri-methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 facilitates gene expression in ageing cells
Authors: Cruz Cristina , Della Rosa Monica , Krueger Christel , Gao Qian , Horkai Dorottya , King Michelle , Field Lucy , Houseley Jonathan
Published: October 2018

Transcription of protein coding genes is accompanied by recruitment of COMPASS to promoter-proximal chromatin, which methylates histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) to form H3K4me1, H3K4me2 and H3K4me3. Here, we determine the importance of COMPASS in maintaining gene expression across lifespan in budding yeast. We find that COMPASS mutations reduce replicative lifespan and cause expression defects in almost 500 genes. Although H3K4 methylation is reported to act primarily in gene repression, particularly in yeast, repressive functions are progressively lost with age while hundreds of genes become dependent on H3K4me3 for full expression. Basal and inducible expression of these genes is also impaired in young cells lacking COMPASS components Swd1 or Spp1. Gene induction during ageing is associated with increasing promoter H3K4me3, but H3K4me3 also accumulates in non-promoter regions and the ribosomal DNA. Our results provide clear evidence that H3K4me3 is required to maintain normal expression of many genes across organismal lifespan.
An essential Staphylococcus aureus cell division protein directly regulates FtsZ dynamics
Authors: Eswara Prahathees J , Brzozowski Robert S , Viola Marissa G , Graham Gianni , Spanoudis Catherine , Trebino Catherine , Jha Jyoti , Aubee Joseph I , Thompson Karl M , Camberg Jodi L , Ramamurthi Kumaran S
Published: October 2018

Binary fission has been well studied in rod-shaped bacteria, but the mechanisms underlying cell division in spherical bacteria are poorly understood. Rod-shaped bacteria harbor regulatory proteins that place and remodel the division machinery during cytokinesis. In the spherical human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, we found that the essential protein GpsB localizes to mid-cell during cell division and co-constricts with the division machinery. Depletion of GpsB arrested cell division and led to cell lysis, whereas overproduction of GpsB inhibited cell division and led to the formation of enlarged cells. We report that S. aureus GpsB, unlike other Firmicutes GpsB orthologs, directly interacts with the core divisome component FtsZ. GpsB bundles and organizes FtsZ filaments and also stimulates the GTPase activity of FtsZ. We propose that GpsB orchestrates the initial stabilization of the Z-ring at the onset of cell division and participates in the subsequent remodeling of the divisome during cytokinesis.
Rif1 inhibits replication fork progression and controls DNA copy number in Drosophila
Authors: Munden Alexander , Rong Zhan , Sun Amanda , Gangula Rama , Mallal Simon , Nordman Jared T
Published: October 2018

Control of DNA copy number is essential to maintain genome stability and ensure proper cell and tissue function. In Drosophila polyploid cells, the SNF2-domain-containing SUUR protein inhibits replication fork progression within specific regions of the genome to promote DNA underreplication. While dissecting the function of SUUR’s SNF2 domain, we identified an interaction between SUUR and Rif1. Rif1 has many roles in DNA metabolism and regulates the replication timing program. We demonstrate that repression of DNA replication is dependent on Rif1. Rif1 localizes to active replication forks in a partially SUUR-dependent manner and directly regulates replication fork progression. Importantly, SUUR associates with replication forks in the absence of Rif1, indicating that Rif1 acts downstream of SUUR to inhibit fork progression. Our findings uncover an unrecognized function of the Rif1 protein as a regulator of replication fork progression.
Integrated systems analysis reveals conserved gene networks underlying response to spinal cord injury
Authors: Squair Jordan W , Tigchelaar Seth , Moon Kyung-Mee , Liu Jie , Tetzlaff Wolfram , Kwon Brian K , Krassioukov Andrei V , West Christopher R , Foster Leonard J , Skinnider Michael A
Published: October 2018

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition for which there are currently no effective treatment options to restore function. A major obstacle to the development of new therapies is our fragmentary understanding of the coordinated pathophysiological processes triggered by damage to the human spinal cord. Here, we describe a systems biology approach to integrate decades of small-scale experiments with unbiased, genome-wide gene expression from the human spinal cord, revealing a gene regulatory network signature of the pathophysiological response to SCI. Our integrative analyses converge on an evolutionarily conserved gene subnetwork enriched for genes associated with the response to SCI by small-scale experiments, and whose expression is upregulated in a severity-dependent manner following injury and downregulated in functional recovery. We validate the severity-dependent upregulation of this subnetwork in rodents in primary transcriptomic and proteomic studies. Our analysis provides systems-level view of the coordinated molecular processes activated in response to SCI.
Making wildlife welcome in urban areas
Authors: Gallo Travis , Fidino Mason
Published: October 2018

Careful design of the green spaces in cities will benefit both wild animals and humans.
Treatment of onychomycosis and tinea pedis with intermittent itraconazole therapy
Authors: Del Rosso James Q.
Published: October 2018

A 40-year-old woman had a 10-year history of dermatophyte-related toenail onychomycosis (tinea unguium) and dry-type tinea pedis, which had failed to respond to previous therapy with topical antifungal agents or oral griseofulvin. The patient was successfully treated with four cycles of intermittent itraconazole therapy (that is, 400 mg/d for 1 week per month for 4 months). At the end of this time, the tinea pedis had resolved and the onychomycosis improved significantly after four cycles were completed. Twelve months after the onset of therapy, both conditions had resolved completely according to both clinical and mycologic criteria. Itraconazole was well tolerated, with no side effects reported. These observations suggest that itraconazole intermittent dosing is a highly effective therapy for the treatment of onychomycosis caused by dermatophyte organisms, because it provides a high cure rate after only a short course of therapy.
Osteology of a forelimb of an aetosaurStagonolepis olenkae(Archosauria: Pseudosuchia: Aetosauria) from the Krasiejów locality in Poland and its probable adaptations for a scratch-digging behavior
Authors: Dróżdż Dawid
Published: October 2018

Aetosaurs are armored basal archosaurs that played a significant role in land ecosystems during the Late Triassic (237–201 Ma). The polish speciesStagonolepis olenkaeSulej, 2010 described from the Krasiejów locality (southern Poland) is one of the oldest known representatives of the group. Abundant and well-preserved material, including partially articulated specimens, allows a detailed description of the forelimbs in this species. The forelimbs ofS. olenkaeare the most similar to that of large aetosaurs likeDesmatosuchus smalli,Desmatosuchus spurensis,Longosuchus meadei,Typothorax coccinarumorStagonolepis robertsoni. Several characters recognized in the forelimbs ofS. olenkaesuggest its adaptation for scratch-digging. The most salient of these features are: short forearm, carpus, and hands, with the radius shorter than the humerus, carpus and manus shorter than the radius (excluding terminal phalanges); a prominent deltopectoral crest that extends distally on the humerus and a wide prominent entepicondyle, a long olecranon process with well-marked attachment of triceps muscle; hooked, laterally compressed, claw-like terminal phalanges with ornamentation of small pits (indicative of well-developed keratin sheaths).S. olenkaemight have used its robust forelimbs to break through the compacted soil with its claws and proceed to dig in search of food in softened substrate with the shovel-like expansion at the tip of its snout. The entire forelimb ofS. olenkaeis covered by osteoderms, including the dorsal surface of the hand, which is unusual among aetosaurs and have not been noted for any species up to date.
A revised classification for the predominantly eastern Australian Eucalyptus subgenus Symphyomyrtus sections Maidenaria, Exsertaria, Latoangulatae and related smaller sections (Myrtaceae).
Authors: Nicolle Dean , Jones Rebecca
Published: October 2018

A revised classification for E. sections Maidenaria, Exsertaria, Latoangulatae and five related smaller sections (Liberivalvae, Racemus, Incognitae, Similares and Pumilio) (herein referred to as ‘MEL+5’ lineage for convenience) is provided, based on evidence from a recent phylogenetic study of this group (Jones et al. 2016) and on observations and data from other sources, including our extensive field observations, study of herbarium collections, common garden trials and the findings of other phylogenetic studies. We recognise 153 species and 184 terminal taxa in the ‘MEL+5’ lineage, and classify this group into 6 sections, 23 series and 8 subseries. This new classification mainly involved the repositioning of various terminal taxa into existing higher-level taxonomic groups, as we have attempted to achieve an accurate and useful classification while minimising taxonomic disruption of existing names. Nevertheless, nine new higher-level taxa (eight series and one subseries) are newly described. A full classification of the ‘MEL+5’ lineage is provided, which includes all terminal taxa, taxon authorships, type species, the natural distribution of recognised terminal taxa, and taxonomic and nomenclatural synonyms.
ДИНАМИКА АКТИВНОСТИ ПИЩЕВАРИТЕЛЬНЫХ ФЕРМЕНТОВ И СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ДЕПОНИРОВАННОГО ОКСИДА АЗОТА В ПЛАЗМЕ КРОВИ ПЕТУШКОВ ПОСЛЕ КОРМЛЕНИЯ, "Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова"
Authors: Фисинин В.И. , Вертипрахов В.Г. , Титов В.Ю. , Грозина А.А.
Published: October 2018

Исследовано влияние кормления на активность пищеварительных ферментов и содержание универсального клеточного медиатора оксида азота в плазме крови петушков породы Леггорн. Показано, что увеличение активности трипсина в крови, наблюдаемое после приема корма, сопровождается повышением концентрации доноров оксида азота, о которых судили по содержанию Fe(NO)n в крови, в несколько раз. Снижение активности трипсина, наблюдаемое через 3 ч после приема корма, сопровождается снижением содержания F(NO)n. Увеличение активности трипсина, таким образом, тесно коррелирует с содержанием депонированного NO в крови. Возможный механизм этой взаимосвязи обсуждается.
3D Branched Nanowire‐Coated Macroporous Titania Thin Films for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Wu‐Qiang , Wang Lianzhou
Published: October 2018

Microscopic design and morphological engineering of the semiconducting metal oxide as electron‐transporting layers (ETLs) is of vital importance for optical enhancement, photonic structuring, and charge collection optimization within optoelectronic devices. Herein, nanowire‐coated, branched macroporous titania (BMT) thin films are reported as a new type of ETL prepared by using silica spheres as a sacrificial template, followed by a sol–gel and subsequent alkaline‐assisted etching process. The BMT films feature 3D hierarchical structures and interconnected networks with tunable pore sizes, branch densities, and film thicknesses. The titania films are employed as ETLs in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), resulting in remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 20.1%; a noticeable 16% increase compared with titania nanowire (TNW) ETL‐based counterparts (PCE = 17.3%). The superior device performance of the BMT‐based PSCs can be attributed to the maximized light harvesting and charge collection capabilities. These beneficial properties are derived from the effective infiltration of the perovskite precursor into the titania macropores, efficient light confinement within the macropore structure, and the textured perovskite capping layer, as well as enhanced charge transport and reduced charge recombination through the BMT architecture. This work demonstrates a simple and effective approach for constructing branched macroporous metal‐oxide photoelectrodes toward high‐performance photovoltaic devices.
From a Molecular Toolbox to a Toolbox for Photoswitchable Fluorescent Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Maolin , Zhang Peisheng , Krishnan Baiju P. , Wang Hong , Gao Yong , Chen Shu , Zeng Rongjin , Cui Jiaxi , Chen Jian
Published: October 2018

Switchable organic fluorescent materials are attracting much interest in many fields including flexible display, information storage, anti‐counterfeit, and bioimaging, due to their prominent properties and relatively low cost. Herein, a class of novel photoswitchable fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles (PFPNs) toolbox that shows switchable full‐colored emission including white light is described. This nanoparticles toolbox consists of a series of reversibly photoswitchable and non‐PFPNs with red, green, and blue fluorescence, and is built up from three primary fluorescent dyes and a photochromic diarylethene molecule, through a facile one‐pot miniemulsion method. The as‐prepared PFPNs display the merits of high fluorescence resonance energy transfer efficiency and fluorescence quantum yield, rapid responsiveness, prominent photoreversibility, and brilliant long‐term fluorescence stability (≈6 weeks). They enable switchable emission between white light and any visible color on‐demand in both solution and film states. Their potential in complex fluorescent encryption and photoswitchable white light‐emitting diode is described and its great potential in anti‐counterfeiting technology, data encryption, and the next generation of optoelectronic materials is foreseen.
Realization of 16.9% Efficiency on Nanowires Heterojunction Solar Cells with Dopant‐Free Contact for Bifacial Polarities
Authors: Wang Fengyou , Zhang Yuhong , Yang Meifang , Yang Lili , Sui Yingrui , Yang Jinghai , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: October 2018

Low‐cost and efficient interfacial layer construction with the required charge selectivity and compatibility is necessary for nanostructured solar cells, and the proper integration of the interfacial layer with the light‐trapping system is required to improve the power conversion efficiency of the cell. Herein, low‐cost Si nanowires‐based solar cells with tunneling heterojunctions are developed by the deposition of MoOx and spin‐coating of Cs2CO3 as the carrier‐selective layers. The power conversion efficiency of 16.9% for a device of 4 cm2 in area is achieved by Si nanowires solar cells by the self‐assembly of ultra‐thin SiOx as the surface tunneling passivation layer. Self‐assembly is realized with an ultraviolet O3 treatment process at room temperature. Quasi‐steady‐state photoconductance, microwave‐detected photoconductance decay, and constant current–voltage measurements are used to characterize the passivation quality and tunneling transportation properties of the ultra‐thin SiOx layers. Interfacial charge recombination is suppressed and effective carrier tunneling properties are developed by the growth of ≈1.5 nm thick SiOx layers on the surfaces of the Si nanowires. This proposed Si nanowires solar cell architecture featuring tunneling heterojunctions achieves high performance and may be suitable for fabricating industrialized Si nanowires‐based photovoltaic devices through a cost‐effective, simple, and low‐temperature process.
Fabrication of Single‐Atom Catalysts with Precise Structure and High Metal Loading
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Zhijun , Wu Yuen , Li Yadong
Published: October 2018

In recent years, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted particular interest and have been demonstrated to be a promising material in energy conversion and chemical transformation due to their optimal atom utilization and unique size quantum effect. The development of a versatile and simple synthetic approach for SACs is important for further investigation of their properties. In this regard, several physical and chemical methods have been developed to access SACs by varying the interaction between metal centers and the coordination defects of the supports. The common challenges for SACs in industrial applications are accurate control over the local structure of single sites and increasing the active‐site density. On one hand, the rational design of the atomic structure is decisive to their intrinsic activity, which will affect the adsorption and activation of reactants over the single sites. On the other hand, increasing the metal loading of SACs would largely enhance the density of active sites and the corresponding mass activity, especially for industrial applications. Here, approaches to the synthesis of SACs—focusing on these two challenges—are highlighted.