bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexible free-standing Ni–Mn oxide antenna decorated CNT/nanofiber membrane for high-volumetric capacitance supercapacitors
Authors: Fernando Niranjala , Chinnappan Amutha , Aziz Atif , Abdelkader Amr , Ramakrishna Seeram , Welland Mark E.
Published: September 2021

A new Ni–Mn oxide antenna decorated CNT/nanofiber hybrid has been used to fabricate lightweight, flexible supercapacitors with high electrochemical performance for wearable and portable electronics.
Incorporating highly basic polyoxometalate anions comprising Nb or Ta into nanoscale reaction fields of porous ionic crystals
Authors: Weng Zhewei , Ogiwara Naoki , Kitao Takashi , Kikukawa Yuji , Gao Yu , Yan Likai , Uchida Sayaka
Published: October 2021

We report for the first time porous ionic crystals comprising Nb or Ta substituted polyoxometalates as recyclable solid base catalysts.
Evaluating the single-molecule interactions between targeted peptides and the receptors on living cell membrane
Authors: Li Siying , Pang Xuelei , Zhao Jing , Zhang Qingrong , Shan Yuping
Published: October 2021

This report proposes a new method for screening high-efficiency targeted peptides, which will provide an important theoretical basis for the design and synthesis of peptide-targeted nano-drug delivery systems.
The role of the biotin linker in polymer antibody mimetics, iBodies, in biochemical assays
Authors: Šubr Vladimír , Ormsby Tereza , Šácha Pavel , Konvalinka Jan , Etrych Tomáš , Kostka Libor
Published: October 2021

We investigated the effect of a linker between the polymer backbone and biotin, and the influence of the number of biotins per polymer chain as well as the biotin position on the polymer chain on the efficacy of the ELISA or pull-down assays.
Ligand-accelerated site-selective Csp2–H and Csp3–H alkynylations of alcohols via Pd(ii) catalysis
Authors: Huang Aidong , Han Yishen , Wu Peiqing , Gao Yang , Huo Yanping , Chen Qian , Li Xianwei
Published: October 2021

A ligand accelerated site-selective C–H alkynylation, including secondary and tertiary Csp3–H alkynylation of weakly coordinated yet synthetically promising alcohols, via putative 6, 7 and 8-membered palladacycle intermediates, was developed.
Mackinawite formation from elemental iron and sulfur
Authors: Bolney Robert , Grosch Mario , Winkler Mario , van Slageren Joris , Weigand Wolfgang , Robl Christian
Published: October 2021

Nanoparticulate mackinawite was synthesized from elemental iron and sulfur in a convenient and reliable reaction. The structure and composition of the products were characterized and a new model describing the particle characteristics is established.
Retraction: Enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability of highly monodisperse Pt@PPy–PANI nanocomposites as a novel catalyst for the electro-oxidation of methanol
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: September 2021

Retraction of ‘Enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability of highly monodisperse Pt@PPy–PANI nanocomposites as a novel catalyst for the electro-oxidation of methanol’ by Özlem Karatepe et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 50851–50857. DOI: 10.1039/C6RA06210E.
Electrochemically selective double C(sp2)–X (X = S/Se, N) bond formation of isocyanides
Authors: Guan Zhipeng , Zhu Shuxiang , Yang Yankai , Liu Yanlong , Wang Siyuan , Bu Faxiang , Cong Hengjiang , Alhumade Hesham , Zhang Heng , Lei Aiwen
Published: October 2021

We have developed an efficient and sustainable electrochemical strategy for the double C(sp2)–X (S/Se, N) bond formation of isocyanides simultaneously. A series of novel isothio/selenoureas were obtained via a three-component cross-coupling.
Dynamic temperature effects in perovskite solar cells and energy yield
Authors: Lopez-Varo Pilar , Amara Mohamed , Cacovich Stefania , Julien Arthur , Yaïche Armelle , Jouhari Mohamed , Rousset Jean , Schulz Philip , Guillemoles Jean-François , Puel Jean-Baptiste
Published: October 2021

Understanding the influence of the temperature on the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is essential for device optimization and for improving the stability of devices in outdoor conditions.
Fast spatial orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing based on two‐dimensional discrete cosine transform for a pixelated optical wireless communication system
Authors: Xu Zi‐Xin , Bi Longtao , Chen Qingqing
Published: September 2021

Pixelated two‐dimensional (2‐D) optical wireless communication systems, with intensity‐modulation and direct‐detection (IM/DD), are capable to transmit data at high data rates by modulating the data into image intensities at the transmitter. Frequency division modulation (FDM) and space‐domain modulation (SDM) are two common modulation schemes in a 2‐D pixelated system. Generally, FDM is preferred because FDM benefits from the capability of controlling the spectrum of transmitting signals so that the output signal could be shaped according to the characteristics of a particular optical channel. However, the computational complexity of FDM is relatively high and complex computation is needed at both the transmitter and the receiver. In this work, a fast orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (FOFDM) modulation which employs 2‐D inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT2) instead of 2‐D inverse Fourier transform (IFFT2) is presented. As the image intensities must be real and positive, two schemes are hereby introduced to generate unipolar image intensities. The proposed FOFDM is simulated and discussed in terms of key characterisations including the signal spectrum, spectral efficiency, peak to average power ratio (PAPR), bit error ratio (BER) and computational complexity. Compared with traditional spatial orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) based on IFFT2, the proposed FOFDM has similar BER performance, twice the spatial efficiency for the same constellation size, lower computational complexity and a much simpler structure in the transmitter.
Target detection based on time reversal with polarisation array antennas
Authors: Zhang Zhaoming , Chen Baixiao , Yang Minglei , Liu Meng
Published: September 2021

Polarisation diversity radar enhances the performance of target detection. Time reversal exploits the multipath effect by adaptively matching propagation channels to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and realise high detectability. This work combines polarisation diversity and time‐reversal technology to propose a time‐reversal detector suitable for a polarisation array radar. The maximum likelihood estimate is carried out for the time‐varying channel response to solve the channel mismatch problem, which may cause the degradation of time‐reversal performance. In addition, a conventional polarisation detector is developed under the same varying channel scenario to benchmark the time‐reversal detector, and furthermore, the SNR gain of the time‐reversal detector over the conventional detector is derived. Numerical simulations demonstrate the superiority of the time‐reversal detector. Both the polarisation detectors proposed can take advantage of the channel variations to improve the detectability, and the greater the energy brought by the channel changes, the better the detection performance achieved.
Photosynthetic activity ofTriticum carthlicumNevski. (=Triticum persicumVav.) variety samples in the forest-steppe zone of the Northern Trans-Urals
Authors: Tobolova G.V.
Published: October 2021

The studies of plants’ assimilation activity of theTriticum carthlicumNevski. (=Triticum persicumVav.) tetraploid species’ variety samples have been carried out in the subtaiga zone (Aromashevo) and the northern forest-steppe zone (Tyumen). The number of leaves on plants by zones varied from three to five. Measurements showed that the lamina length varied from 6.4-23.7% in the northern forest-steppe zone and from 0 to 21.9% in Aromashevo. The lamina area on the main shoot of the Triticum carthlicum Nevski variety samples in the northern forest-steppe zone amounted to 62.3 cm2, which was 26 cm2less than in the subtaiga zone. Calculation of net photosynthetic productivity in northern forest-steppe zone showed that Triticum carthlicum Nevski variety samples formed from 10.864g*m2/day to 20.764 g*m2/day, giving way to durum and soft wheat. In the subtaiga zone, PPnof Triticum carthlicum Nevski wheat varied from 9.088 to 13.827 g*m2/day, significantly yielding Bezenchukskaya 139 variety.
Biologization technologies in agriculture of the Belgorod region
Authors: Kloster N.I. , Azarov V.B.
Published: October 2021

The article summarizes the results of field experiments to study the effectiveness of biologization elements in the cultivation of agricultural crops in the Central Black Earth zone of Russia. It has been proved that compost based on poultry manure and granular organic fertilizers with shallow introduction contribute to an increase in yield of up to 50 cwt/ha of grain while improving the fertility of typical chernozem. The coefficient of structure is growing, the bulk density of the soil, physical and chemical characteristics are stabilized. Liquid pig-breeding drainage shows an increase in grain yield but does not have a significant effect on the state of arable land. Similar characteristics apply to technologies for the grain crops cultivation with the use of mineral fertilizers. The greatest economic efficiency was obtained with the combined application of different types of organic fertilizers in moderate doses with the surface method of the main soil cultivation.
Influence of mineral fertilizers on potash nutrition and productivity of columnar apple
Authors: Leonteva Larisa
Published: October 2021

The columnar form of apple tree is promising for growing in super-intensive orchards. The mineral nutrition study of apple tree with columnar crown is relevant due to high density of tree planting. The article presents the study results on the effect of mineral fertilizers on potash nutrition and the yield of columnar apple tree. The experiments were carried out in an experimental orchard located in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland (Oryol region). The soil of the orchard is loamy haplic Luvisol with a high content of organic matter. Fruit plantations are represented by columnar apple trees of Poezia variety on 62-396 rootstock planted in 2016. Urea ((NH2)2CO) and potassium sulfate (K2 SO4) were used as fertilizers in doses of N60K80; N90K120; N120K160 which were introduced in early spring. The content of exchange potassium in the soil was determined annually in layers (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm), the concentration of potassium in leaves and fruits, yield. The use of fertilizers contributed to an increase in the exchange potassium content in the soil both in the 0-20 cm layer (45 - 53%) and in the 20-40 cm layer (18-31%). The amount of potassium in leaves and fruits also increased. However, potassium concentration in the leaves (0.77 … 0.95% dry matter) remained significantly below the optimum (1.5% dry matter). A significant increase in the average fruit weight was revealed in options N90K120 and N120K160.
Influence of different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine and thidiazuron on the proliferative activity of apple varieties in in vitro culture
Authors: Tashmatova L.V. , Matsneva O.V. , Khromova T.M. , Shakhov V.V.
Published: October 2021

An essential role in the process of clonal micropropagation is played by cytokinins, with the help of which apical dominance is removed and the formation of additional shoots and buds is activated. The article presents the study results of microshoots’ proliferative activity of apple varieties on media with 6-benzylaminopurine at a concentration of 1.0 mg/l, 2.0 mg/l and thidiazuron at a concentration of 0.1 mg/l, 0.2 mg/l and 0.3 mg/l. The objects of research were apple varieties of the VNIISPK selection - Bolotovskoe, Imrus, Veteran, Kandil orlovsky, Girlyanda, Priokskoe. The aim of the research was to study the effect of substances with cytokinin activity on the morphogenesis of apple varieties. As a result of the research, it was revealed that both cytokinins and varietal characteristics influence the multiplication factor. The highest multiplication factor was observed when using 6-BAP. Thidiazuron reduced the proliferation rate. When using 6-BAP, Bolotovskoe, Girlyanda and Priokskoe varieties had the highest multiplication factor among the varieties. When using TDZ - varieties Bolotovskoe and Kandil Orlovsky.
Application of geoinformation systems for a complex analysis of data from agrochemical and soil-erosion monitoring of soils
Authors: Malysheva E.S.
Published: October 2021

The article describes the development of a geoinformation system module (using the example of GIS “Agroecologist Online”) to automate the complex analysis of agrochemical and soil-erosion monitoring data. With the help of an additional GIS module, it allows you to generate reports with tabular data of various groupings: by soil type and degree of erosion; by soil type and slope steepness; by soil type, degree of erosion and exposure; by soil type, slope steepness and exposure; by soil type, degree of erosion, slope steepness and exposure. Based on the presented tables, using the module, it is possible to analyze the indicators of agrochemical and soil-erosion survey in a comprehensive manner. The module also allows you to predict the level of yield of certain crops, to timely identify the deterioration of soil resources for a certain territorial unit (within a specific farm, a specific region, as well as on the territory of the entire Russian Federation).
Monitoring of the agrochemical state of agricultural chernozems of the forest-steppe zone of the central chernozem region of Russia
Authors: Surinov A.V.
Published: October 2021

The Borisovsky district of the Belgorod region, located in the south-west of the forest-steppe zone of the Central Forest Region, was chosen for the study. The study covered an 11-year period, during which 3 cycles of agrochemical soil survey were conducted in the district - in 2010, 2016 and 2020. Analyzing the use of mineral and organic fertilizers, an increase in crop yield indicators was noted. Thus, an increase in the dose of organic fertilizers (up to 1.96 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (up to 127.2 kg/ha) made it possible to obtain 5.13 t/ha of winter wheat, 4.19 t/ha of spring barley, 7.9 t/ha of corn for grain and 3.29 t/ha of sunflower seeds. In addition, the content of macro and microelements in the soil has changed. The active fight against soil acidity affected the content of available forms of phosphorus and zinc, the indicators of which decreased slightly.
Magnesium use in pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds
Authors: Ramazanova Venera
Published: October 2021

Studies of different content of magnesium nanoparticles in combination with stabilizers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and collagen hydrolyzate (GC) on the effect on the growth processes of spring wheat plants were conducted. It was found that the most positive effect on germination was produced by magnesium preparations in the following concentrations Mg 10 mg + PVP with a rate of 5 ml/t, Mg 20 mg + PVP with a rate of 1 ml/t, Mg 10 mg + GC with a rate of 1 ml/t. The initial growth and development of the root was significantly affected by the variant No3 Mg 10 mg + Ag 1 ml + PVP at the rate of 1 ml/t, and the development of the sprout was affected by all magnesium nanosets at the rate of 1 ml/t. When analyzing the assessment of plant development on days 7, 10 and 15, it was found that magnesium preparations with collagen stabilizer (GC) had a positive effect. Treatment with magnesium preparations on vegetative parts of plants, namely daily sprouts determined the effective rate of the preparation of 5 ml and more. The high values were in the variants Mg 20 mg + PVP, Mg 10 mg + Ag 1 ml + GC, where the increase in sprout length was 2.7-2.9 cm, weight 1.0-1.3 g.
The quality control system of distilled spirits
Authors: Abramova Irina , Medrish Marina , Romanova Alexandra , Ovchinnikov Vladmir , Gavrilova Darya
Published: October 2021

Research has been carried out to identify and quantify phenolic and furan compounds (gallic acid, ellagic acid, furfural, 5-methylfurfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, vanillin, syringaldehyde, vanillic acid, syringic acid, synapic aldehyde, coniferyl aldehyde), volatile organic impurities (acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol, 1-propanol, isobutanol, 2-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanol), cations (sodium, ammonium, potassium, calcium, magnesium) and anions (chlorides, nitrites, nitrates, sulfates, phosphates, oxalates) in distilled spirits (whiskey, rum, tequila). Some differences were observed in the phenolic profiles of authentic and fake rum samples. The ranges of the cations and anions content in commercial samples of rum, whiskey, tequila have been determined. The data obtained can be used to develop objective criteria for detecting counterfeit products.
Influence of various phytohormones on the growth and development of the Solnechny potato variety in vitro
Authors: Novikov O.O. , Romanova M.S. , Leonov N.I. , Kosinova E.I.
Published: October 2021

In the work, the study of six different nutrient medium compositions’ influence on the growth and development of a healthy Solnechny potato variety in the growing process in laboratory conditions in vitro was carried out. The influence of different nutrient medium compositions on plant height, number of leaves/internodes, plant weight and total leaf surface area was studied. It was revealed that nutrient media with BAP addition cause a decrease in all of the above indicators. In addition, nutrient media with this growth regulator lead to the appearance of microtubers on the plants. It has been shown that the inclusion of GA and IAA growth regulators in nutrient media leads to a slight increase in the number of internodes. An increase in the total leaf surface area was noted in the above options. It should be noted that the nutrient medium options with the addition of GA and IAA led to a decrease in the mass and length of the root system of Solnechnyi variety potato plants.
Influence of the “Active Mix” supplement with separate administration of antagonistic components on the structure of the mice internal organs
Authors: Berestov D.S. , Vasiliev Yu.G. , Kulikov A.N. , Isupova N.V.
Published: October 2021

The question of the need for separate administration of feed additives’ components that are antagonistic from the point of view of their chemical properties and physiological effects has long been debated among researchers. The authors have proposed a new supplement based on chelate compounds, which components’ effect on the organism of laboratory animals has been partially considered earlier. However, the assessment of the components’ effects on the morphology of the excretory and reproductive systems’ organs has not been studied. In this regard, the work considered the effect of feed additive components with separate introduction of chemically and physiologically antagonistic components on the pathoanatomical picture, as well as the microstructure of the kidneys and testes of laboratory mice to assess potentially negative effects on the excretory and reproductive systems. The supplement was administered orally at various dosages. The organ structure was assessed after 1, 2 weeks and 1 month. The microstructure of the kidneys and testes was histologically studied in the experiment and control. The negative influence absence of the supplement components in the entire range of applied dosages is shown. The absence of visible deviations of the pathoanatomical picture during autopsy of experimental animals was noted.
The impact of the optical radiation spectrum of artificial lighting on the milk producing ability of cows
Authors: Olin N.L. , Efremova E.N. , Niyazov A.M. , Lekomtsev P.L.
Published: October 2021

Artificial lighting is of considerable importance in livestock industry. If there is sufficient light flux and optimal spectral composition, it can have a substantial impact on the comfortable condition of cows, and, as a result, on milk producing ability. The sensitivity of the cow’s eye to optical radiation is varied in the range of the visible spectrum, and its visual apparatus is adapted to recognize natural different types of feed. The leaves of plants take up visible radiation in the red and blue regions of the spectrum, while they reflect intensely in the near-infra-red region. Consequently, cows, having the ability to perceive near-infrared radiation, can give favor to higher-quality feed, the consumption of which, among other things, will increase milk producing ability. The findings of the studies demonstrate that the cow’s eye reacts to near-infrared radiation, and the combined lighting contributes to a more adequate behavior of the animals, which in turn has a positive effect on milk producing ability.
The state of some protective factors of the vaginal mucosa in healthy cows and cows with mycoplasmosis
Authors: Vasiliev Roman , Kovalev Sergey , Trushkin Vyacheslav , Prusakov Alexey , Ponamarev Vladimir
Published: October 2021

Genital mycoplasmosis in cows is a disease accompanied by a latent course, which complicates its timely diagnosis and the appointment of specific treatment. This disease may lead to infertility. An obstacle to the introduction of pathogens into the epithelium of the mucous membrane is a variety of defense mechanisms. A study of the state of the protective properties of the vaginal mucosa in healthy and mycoplasma-infected cows was carried out by determining the concentration of hydrogen ions and immunoglobulins in vaginal secretions. The results of the study showed a shift in the reaction of vaginal secretions towards neutrality in mycoplasmosis. Thus, the persistence of mycoplasmas in the mucous membrane of the vagina of cows causes a change in the protective properties of the vaginal secretion, as a result of which conditions are created that promote the activation of pathogenic microflora.
Helminth biodiversity and spread peculiarities of helminthiasis of domestic artiodactyls in the Caspian Depression ecosystems
Authors: Ataev Agay , Zubairova Madina , Karsakov Nadyrsultan , Kataeva Dzhamilya , Khasaev Arslan
Published: October 2021

The Caspian Depression is situated on the flat eastern territory of the North Caucasus. According to the soil and climatic conditions, different ecosystems are neighboring in the Caspian Depression: lowland moistened areas (up to 30% of the territories), plat steppes (more than 50%), salt marshes (up to 10%), and semi-deserts (up to 10%). The majority of the Caspian Depression territories are used for domestic animal grazing, where more than 3 million sheep, goats and up to 150 thousand heads of cattle are contained. 46 nosological units of helminthiasis agents are parasitized on domestic ruminants, including 37 species of sheep and 38 of cattle. The average temperature in winter is up to +12°С; in summer – up to +45°С (210-220 days a year). This region is characterized by year-round use of land and an increase in zootechnical standards for keeping animals per unit of pasture (up to 8 heads of sheep and 3 heads of cattle). Moreover, it has a rich variety of pathogens of helminthiasis, the similarity of most types of helminths for domestic ruminants, a high number of invasive stages in biotopes, and up to 95% of the prevalence of mixed invasions of dangerous parasitoses.
Optimization methods for correcting the duration of the anovulatory period of cattle
Authors: Kapay N.A. , Kugelev I.M. , Lyashenko Yu.A.
Published: October 2021

Post-calving anestrus leads to serious economic losses and is the reason for the animal culling. Deficiency of estrogen and hypofunctional state of the ovaries due to negative energy balance, as well as violations of the timing of postpartum involution of the uterus are considered the leading causes of an extended anovulatory period in fresh cows. A comparison was made of the therapeutic efficacy of Ovsynch scheme and Ovariovit preparation when used in first heifers with post-calving anestrus against the background of ovarian hypofunction. When using Ovsynch scheme, the fertility of the first insemination was 50%; estrous cyclicity recovered in 80% of first heifers. When using Ovariovit, the fertility of the first insemination was 60%; the estrous cycle was restored in 100% of first heifers.
The condition of the hairline of Chinchilla lanigera after the introduction of a hydrogen antioxidant into the diet
Authors: Panina Elena , Ivanov Alexey , Petrov Dmitry
Published: October 2021

It was found that the inclusion of water enriched with molecular hydrogen into the diet of a long-tailed chinchilla changed the fur quality indicators. In animals of the experimental group, the guard and downy hairs were thinner than in the control group. The length of downy hair in the experimental group was higher, the number of hairs in the follicle in the chinchillas of the experimental group was greater than in the control group, besides, the hair was stronger and softer. The animals of the experimental group showed less tendency to gnaw out fur. When considering the data on the chemical composition, it was found that in the dry matter of the hair of the animals of the experimental group, there were less organic substances, and there were more minerals in comparison with the animals of the control group.
Comparative analysis of the pathogenic effect of the association of eimeria on hybrid rabbits at different doses of infection
Authors: Sidorenko K. , Mkrtchyan M. , Kaidalova O.
Published: October 2021

Rabbit breeding is one of the promising branches of animal husbandry, but its development is hampered by various diseases. The problem of the pathogenic influence of parasites of the genus Eimeria on the organism of rabbits at different infective doses is still quite urgent. The study was conducted on hybrids of rabbits of Soviet Chinchilla and Californian breeds at 30 and 45 days of age. Within the framework of the experiment 6 groups of young rabbits were formed by the method of pair-analogs. The one-day old rabbits in the experimental groups were infected with oocysts of the association of Eimeria species E. perforans and E. irresidua at doses of 100 000 (2 groups) and 200 000(2 groups) per head, and in control groups (2 groups) - remained intact throughout the experiment. To analyze the pathogenic effect of parasites determination of meat productivity, veterinary and sanitary assessment of carcasses, linear measurements of intestinal length as well as histological studies of the walls of the small intestine were carried out in rabbits of these age groups. The research results showed that rabbits-hybrids infected at a dose of 100 000 and 200 000 oocysts per head demonstrate significant reduction of the increase in live weight and slaughter yield, despite the preservation of the retail display of the carcasses.
Influence of molecular hydrogen on behavioral adaptation of Сhinchilla lanigera taking into account gender factor in conditions of cage keeping
Authors: Panina Elena , Ivanov Alexey , Petrov Dmitry , Panteleeva Nadezhda
Published: October 2021

It was found that the inclusion of water enriched with molecular hydrogen in the diet of animals increased the overall proportion of active behavior. According to the form of behavior "moving around the cage", it was found that males and females of the experimental group spent more time than animals of the control group. Males of the experimental group were 24% more active at night, and females were 60% more active than in the control group. In the daily dynamics, the period of activity of animals in the experimental group was from 19:00 to 8:00, and in the control group-from 22:00 to 8:00. In the daily balance according to the form of behavior "moving around the cage", chinchillas of the experimental group spent 5% more than in the control group.
Development of the composition of feed additives based on the developed algorithm, including the studied probiotic strains
Authors: Zelenkova Galina , Zelenkov Alexey , Lesovaya Natalia , Pahomova Antonina , Pakhomov Alexander
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study was to develop an algorithm for compounding feed mixtures with the inclusion of probiotic strains. The authors have developed the basic principles underlying the modeling of feed additive formulations. However, the introduction of viable cells of beneficial microorganisms (probiotics) into the feed significantly increases the requirements for the level of design of feed products. Thus, the article describes the basic principles of the algorithm for designing feed products for poultry. A technological scheme for combining the components of the supplement and probiotic drugs has been developed. In accordance with the developed algorithm, the effect of such an active component of the feed additive as bentonite on the growth and survival of the target probiotic strains was tested. Feed mixtures with the inclusion of the probiotic strains under study were tested in the experiment on broiler chickens. The result of the study was positive results of the productivity of the raised poultry in the experimental groups.
Economic efficiency of the use of dwarf pine and lichen in the diets of young cattle in the conditions of the Magadan region
Authors: Kuzmina I.Yu. , Kuzmin A.M.
Published: October 2021

For the first time, in the conditions of the Magadan Region, studies were carried out on the use of a feed additive (FA) prepared from dwarf pine (mountainpine) in combination with lichens in feeding young cattle of the Holstein breed and crossbred young animals of the Golstein and Hereford breeds. Over the period of the experiment, the absolute increase of the experimental bulls exceeded the indicators of the control groups: young Holstein breed by 2.15 kg (0.58%), hybrids by 6.35 kg (1.51%). The relative growth rate of experimental bulls according to Brody was higher than that of bulls in the control groups: bulls of the Holstein breed by 0.12%, crossbreeds by 0.77%. The use of crossing low-productivity dairy cattle with bulls of meat breeds makes it possible to obtain interbred hybrid animals of the I and II generations. The production of beef from crossbred young stock is characterized by greater economic efficiency in comparison with the fattening of super-renovated young Holstein breed. In the experimental group of a hybrid of the Holstein and Hereford breeds of the 1st generation, this indicator was 7.2 energy feed units (EFU), which is 7.7% lower than in the control one, and 13.25% lower than in the experimental group of the Holstein breed.
The monitoring outcomes of the meat productivity of cattle processed at “Uvinsky meat factory” OOO of the Uvinsky district in the Udmurt Republic
Authors: Khardina E.V. , Krasnova O.A. , Vasilyeva M.I. , Vostrikova S.S.
Published: October 2021

We performed have performed a comprehensive analysis of the meat productivity of cattle received for slaughter and primary processing at “Uvinsky meat factory” OOO of the Uvinsky district in the Udmurt Republic. The studies were carried out based on data from plumb lines for 2020. During the research, it was revealed that only two districts (Uvinsky and Vavozhsky) had got cattle in 2020, from which they obtained carcasses of the “super” category (21 pieces). This is the highest grade in terms of categorization. Meanwhile, the main range of carcasses of young cattle was assessed in the categories “extra”, “excellent” and “good” (1311 carcasses). However, there were also farms from which carcasses of the “low” fatness category were obtained (Uvinsky, Seltinsky and Vavozhsky districts) (42 carcasses). Based on the results of the commodity evaluation of carcasses of adult cattle, it is worth noting that most of the carcasses were quite well-fed and were rated in the first category. By the end of 2020, the company has obtained meat in carcasses from young cattle in the amount of 608.8 tons. Meanwhile, 917.5 tons of meat were produced in live weight. The meat volume in the carcasses of adult cattle was 180, 1 ton. In live weight, 386, 5 tons were obtained. Given the percentage of beef sales per year and the maximum yield of boneless meat, the company is not capable of fully meeting the needs of all high-level processing shops.
Validation of functionability of transition metal and its alloys at the simultaneous introduction of two oxidizing agents in the volume of liquid phase
Authors: Pozhidaeva Swetlana , Buryih Galina
Published: October 2021

At the chemical process in the volume of a liquid reaction mixture in the presence of two specific groups of oxidizers in a metal reactor or reactor using metal elements, favourable conditions for abnormally rapid oxidation of the metal with subsequent destruction at room or close to them temperatures may appear. The condition for destruction is the process according to the cycle scheme with the regeneration of the metal oxidizer, which may initially be present in the system in catalytic or close to them quantities. In the presence of several metal elements, the destruction occurs all at the same time, but in different proportions. As a result, this leads to a deterioration in the characteristics of the process, and the process of destruction in the apparatus (reactor) can be accompanied by the emergence of a far unsafe, unpredictable situation.
Formation of the structure and properties of composite materials based on copper powder during its reactionary mechanical alloying with titanium, carbon and oxygen
Authors: Smirnov Valentin , Shalunov Evgeny , Yanyushkin Aleksandr , Danilov Pavel
Published: October 2021

The results of studying the structure and properties of dispersion-strengthened composite materials of the Cu-Ti-C-O system obtained by reactionary grinding of copper powder with additions of titanium powder (0...5 wt%) and carbon in the form of graphite (0...1 wt%) in a high-energy ball mill of the attritor type in the presence of air. The regularities of the influence of titanium and graphite content on the hardness and electrical conductivity of the materials under study have been studied. It is shown that with an increase in the titanium content, the hardness increases and the electrical conductivity decreases. The hardness and electrical conductivity of materials under study dependences on the graphite content have the form of curves with maxima, which are observed at different values of the carbon content depending on the titanium content. By the method of X-ray phase analysis of the anode deposit of materials under study, it was found that the main strengthening phases are dispersion particles of titanium carbide. The composite materials under study of the Cu-Ti-C-O system, due to the combination of high electrical conductivity, hardness and recrystallization temperature, can be an alternative for replacing beryllium bronze in many fields.
Regularities of Cementite Decomposition in Hypereutectoid Steels
Authors: Kutepov Sergey N. , Malyarov Andrey V. , Minaev Igor V. , Gvozdev Alexander E.
Published: October 2021

Comprehensive studies have been carried out and the main regularities of cementite decomposition during thermocyclic processing of carbon-based hypereutectoid steels have been established.
Service properties of composite electrochemical coating
Authors: Yudina E. M. , Kisel Yu. E. , Kadyrov M. R. , Serguntsov A. S.
Published: October 2021

The article considers the ways of solving problems, regarding the rework and durability improvement of elements of industrial equipment. One of the ways to restore and improve the operational properties of machinery parts is the application of galvanic coatings, in particular, composite galvanic coatings. The article shows ways to improve the performance properties of composites, determines the optimal content of the dispersed phase in the composite, in terms of the ratio of the strength of the dispersed phase and matrix. The composite electrochemical coating wear resistance and the roughness of composites under conditions of abrasive wear have been explored. The relationship between the wear resistance and the surface roughness during wear has been determined. In an experimental study of the composite coatings abrasive wear resistance, it was found that their wear largely depends on the size and volume content of dispersed particles in the coating. It has been experimentally proven that the composite coating roughness depends on the matrix mechanical properties, the content and size of disperse particles.
Ethnoveterinary Uses of Certain Yemeni Plants: A Review of the Scientific Evidence
Authors: Alasbahi Rawiya H. , Groot Maria J.
Published: October 2021

Livestock is an important and integral component of agriculture production in Yemen and contributes 28% of the total agricultural production income. Research in the field of Yemeni ethnoveterinary medicine is limited to a few studies. Therefore, our work aims to substantiate scientifically the ethnoveterinary use of some documented plant species based on a literature review of their bioactivities and toxicological properties. Searching the scientific literature has revealed various pharmacological activities that may support the claimed healing activities of 11 out of 14 plant species for some of their ethnoveterinary utilization. This comprises the use of Aloe spp. latex for constipation, worms, boils, and wounds; Boswellia sacra underbark for wounds and its oleo-gum resin for mastitis; Soqotraen Boswellia species as an insect repellent; Cissus rotundifolia for stomach pain; Cyphostemma digitatum as an appetite stimulant; Psiadia
punctulate for bone fracture; Pulicaria undulata as an insect repellent; combinations of Aristolochia bracteolate with Sorghum bicolor grains for bloating; Rumex nervosus and salt for eye pimples; and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds with Hordeum vulgare grains for constipation. Some plants were found to demonstrate various toxic effects in in vivo and in vitro experimental studies. The local administration of Calotropis procera latex was also reported to induce an intense inflammatory response. It can be concluded that our work has provided valuable scientific information on the biological and toxic activities of some Yemeni ethnoveterinary remedies that could be utilized for the benefit of farmers to ration the use of these remedies and avoiding their toxicity.
Naturally Derived Photoinitiators for Dental and Biomaterials Applications
Authors: Abdul-Monem Mohamed Mahmoud
Published: October 2021

Biocompatibility of materials used in dental and biomaterials applications is very important and depends on the components of these materials. Photopolymerized materials for dental and biomaterials applications have been progressively used since the 1970s. One of the crucial components in these materials is the photoinitiator (PI) that initiates the polymerization reaction. Synthetic PIs are the most commonly used types, but owing to their drawbacks such as cytotoxicity, insolubility in water, and high cost, research on naturally derived (bio-sourced) PIs is growing, to find an alternative to these synthetic types, especially in the growing field of three-dimensional (3D) printing and bioprinting of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Naturally derived PIs are biocompatible, highly water-soluble, and abundant. Naturally derived PIs have been used to prepare experimental dentine bonding agents, dentine primers, photo-crosslinked hydrogels for tissue engineering applications, antibacterial coatings, guided tissue regeneration membranes, and 3D printed biomaterials. An electronic search was done using MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases using the keywords naturally derived, bio-sourced, PIs, dental, biomaterials, 3D printing, and 3D bioprinting, to review potential naturally derived PIs for dental and biomaterials applications. There are a variety of naturally derived PIs with various colors and absorption spectra to choose from, according to the intended application. Most of naturally derived PIs can be used with modern conventional dental light curing units, making them applicable for experimental studies for potential dental and biomaterials applications. Due to their biocompatibility and availability it is expected that in the upcoming years, research on naturally derived PIs and their dental and biomaterials applications will increase especially in the growing field of 3D bioprinting in which cell viability is essential; thus this review was done.
Do Orthodontists and Orthodontic Residents Perceive that Work-Life Balance and Work-Family Conflicts Affect Their Organizational Commitment?
Authors: Yemitan Tolulase Abosede , Adeyemi Tope Emmanuel
Published: October 2021

Objectives Two of lives’ most important domains may be in conflict with each other. This study investigated the association between perceived work-life balance (WLB), work interference with family (WIF), family interference with work (FIW), and organizational commitment (OC) of Nigerian orthodontists and orthodontic residents.

Materials and Methods Consultant orthodontists (n = 37) as well as orthodontics residents (n = 33) responded to an electronic questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis Multivariate analysis of variance assessed significant differences among demographic and career features on WLB, WIF, and FIW. Spearman’s correlation coefficient and then multiple regression analysis examined relationships among perception of WLB, WIF, FIW, and OC.

Results Perceived WLB and WIF had statistically significant negative correlation with OC among Nigerian orthodontic practitioners. However, the study finds a positive, but not statistically significant correlation of perception of FIW and OC.

Conclusion Perceived WLB and WIF are significant contributors to levels of OC among Nigerian orthodontists and orthodontic residents. Multiple regression analysis identified a model that includes perceived WLB, WIF, and FIW that accounts for 16.7% of the variation in OC.
Severe Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in a Girl with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Zsiborás Csaba , Adonyi Mária , Stankovics József , Farkas András , Vajda Peter , Rózsai Barnabás
Published: October 2021

We report on an 11-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis who presented with thoracic pain and an extensive subcutaneous emphysema and subsequently developed progressive respiratory distress. The chest computed tomography revealed a huge pneumomediastinum. Due to the development of severe respiratory failure, urgent needle thoracocentesis was necessary that resulted in only temporary improvement. Therefore, under general anesthesia two mediastinal drains were introduced. Using active suction, the size of the pneumomediastinum decreased gradually and the drains were removed after 3 weeks. Here, we describe an extremely rare situation, when acute surgical intervention was necessary in a child with spontaneous pneumomediastinum.
Distraction Stabilization of Degenerative Lumbosacral Stenosis: Technique and Mid- to Long-Term Outcome in 30 Cases
Authors: Inness Philip R. , Kimbrell Tiffany L. , Nemanic Sarah , Baltzer Wendy I.
Published: October 2021

Objective To describe the dorsal laminectomy, annulectomy and distraction stabilization with pins and polymethylmethacrylate technique, its complications and outcome in the management of canine degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. To determine pre- and post-surgical foraminal width and vertebral step changes.

Study Design Multi-institutional retrospective clinical study.

Methods Medical records (2005–2020) of dogs treated (n = 30). Clinical signs, Modified Frankel Score, Texas Spinal Cord Injury Score, pain score (dorsal palpation of spine, tail dorsiflexion), imaging findings and complications were retrieved pre-operatively, perioperatively and at long-term follow-up.

Results The most common presurgical imaging findings were disc protrusion (24/25) and sclerosis of the caudal end-plate of L7 (23/30). On short- to long-term assessment 18 out of 21 dogs exhibited clinical improvement and all exhibited improved pain scores (p < 0.0001). Catastrophic complications occurred in 3 dogs, and major complications occurred in 5, of which 3 required additional surgery. Mean lumbosacral step defect reduced 60% (1.8 mm ± 2.5 mm pre-surgery to 0.7mm ± 0.9mm post-surgery, p = 0.1585). Mean foraminal width significantly increased 50% long-term (3.3 mm ± 1.0 mm pre-surgery to 5.0 mm ± 0.9 mm post-surgery, p < 0.0001).

Clinical Significance Dorsal laminectomy, annulectomy and distraction stabilization is a complex procedure which can significantly increase foraminal width, reduce pain and improve gait characteristics in dogs in the short- to long-term, and should be performed by surgeons experienced in lumbosacral pin placement.
Broadband suppression of aerodynamic pressure on the high-speed bluff body surface with periodic square-cavity acoustic metasurface
Authors: Li Min , Wu Jiu Hui , Yuan Xiao Yang
Published: October 2021

In this paper, a Multiphysics coupling simulation model of flow and acoustics is proposed using COMSOL software, and its results are verified by comparing with experimental results of others. Then, the aerodynamic pressure above the bluff body surface at a speed of 350 km/h is simulated. Moreover, a near-zero-impedance acoustic metasurface composed of periodic square cavities is theoretically studied with respect to the lowest acoustic pressure, which is consistent with simulation results. The wake vortices are greatly reduced due to the suction effect formed in the cavities when the fluid flow passes through the square-cavity metasurface. The vertical velocity above the square-cavity boundary is significantly increased, essentially leading to the decrease in acoustic impedance. The presence of high-speed fluid flow weakens the attenuation effect of the square-cavity acoustic metasurface on the acoustic field. The reduction in wake vortices and the near-zero-impedance of the boundary fundamentally suppress the acoustic pressure fluctuation above the bluff body surface. Finally, large broadband suppression of aerodynamic pressure and 7.3 dB reduction in the average acoustic pressure level are realized with the periodic acoustic metasurface. The greater the porosity of the square cavities, the smaller the fluctuating pressure amplitude. This work provides a new idea for the complete control of the aerodynamic pressure in a high-speed flow field and shows a great engineering application prospect.
Numerical analysis on dynamics and thermodynamics of a supercooled water droplet considering the dynamic contact angle
Authors: Wang Yongkui , Wang Qing , Ju Lei , Han Duanfeng , Xue Yanzhuo
Published: October 2021

The dynamics and thermodynamics of a supercooled water droplet impacting on a horizontal cold surface are investigated numerically. A two-dimensional axisymmetric model that considers both the non-equilibrium solidification caused by the supercooling and the dynamic contact angle (DCA) caused by the hysteresis phenomenon is developed to simulate the impacting, spreading, retraction, and freezing processes by combining the coupled volume-of-fluid and level set air–liquid interface capturing method and the Enthalpy-Porosity phase transition method. The common Kistler DCA model is applied to iteratively calculate the real time contact angle of three-phase contact point using the contact line velocity. The DCA model makes the simulation results of the spreading factor more accurate compared with the experimental data than the static contact angle model does. The non-dimensional maximum spreading factors of the room temperature and supercooled water droplet are almost the same in the low Weber number region, but quite different in the high one. The stable spreading factor is independent of the Weber number but increases with the decrease in the contact angle and the increase in the supercooling degree. This study can deepen the understanding of the impacting-freezing mechanism of a supercooled water droplet.