bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychiatrists' Attitudes Toward Disruptive New Technologies: Mixed-Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bourla Alexis , Ferreri Florian , Ogorzelec Laetitia , Peretti Charles-Siegfried , Guinchard Christian , Mouchabac Stephane
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Recent discoveries in the fields of machine learning (ML), Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), computerized adaptive testing (CAT), digital phenotype, imaging, and biomarkers have brought about a new paradigm shift in medicine.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore psychiatrists’ perspectives on this paradigm through the prism of new clinical decision support systems (CDSSs). Our primary objective was to assess the acceptability of these new technologies. Our secondary objective was to characterize the factors affecting their acceptability.

METHODS

A sample of psychiatrists was recruited through a mailing list. Respondents completed a Web-based survey. A quantitative study with an original form of assessment involving the screenplay method was implemented involving 3 scenarios, each featuring 1 of the 3 support systems, namely, EMA and CAT, biosensors comprising a connected wristband-based digital phenotype, and an ML-based blood test or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We investigated 4 acceptability domains based on International Organization for Standardization and Nielsen models (usefulness, usability, reliability, and risk).

RESULTS

We recorded 515 observations. Regarding our primary objective, overall acceptability was moderate. MRI coupled with ML was considered to be the most useful system, and the connected wristband was considered the least. All the systems were described as risky (410/515, 79.6%). Regarding our secondary objective, acceptability was strongly influenced by socioepidemiological variables (professional culture), such as gender, age, and theoretical approach.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study to assess psychiatrists’ views on new CDSSs. Data revealed moderate acceptability, but our analysis shows that this is more the result of the lack of knowledge about these new technologies rather than a strong rejection. Furthermore, we found strong correspondences between acceptability profiles and professional culture profiles. Many medical, forensics, and ethical issues were raised, including therapeutic relationship, data security, data storage, and privacy risk. It is essential for psychiatrists to receive training and become involved in the development of new technologies.
La responsabilidad social y la cultura organizacional en las empresas familiares.
Authors: Gutiérrez Olvera Sandra , Montañez Moya Gloria Silviana , Santamaría Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2018

El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar el grado de incidencia de la responsabilidad social y de la cultura organizacional en las empresas familiares. La investigación es de tipo exploratoria-descriptiva y se utilizó la técnica estadística de correlación canónica que es una técnica de correlación no paramétrica y en específico la de coeficientes estandarizados canónicos. Los resultados obtenidos permiten identificar una mayor la incidencia de la cultura organizacional en las empresas familiares, en relación con la responsabilidad social empresarial.
El civismo fiscal y los costos de producción de las sociedades cooperativas agrícolas
Authors: Ruiz Rodríguez Rosmery , Delfín Pozos Flor Lucila , Acosta Marquez Maria Pilar
Published: February 2018

El cooperativismo ha sido una opción para el desarrollo agropecuario en México, sin embargo, las sociedades cooperativas presentan dificultades entre las que se encuentran las del ámbito tributario, como la escasez de civismo fiscal de los productores agrícolas de los cuales depende la proveeduría para la realización de sus actividades y que afectan, no solo esta área, sino también otras como la financiera y social, afectando los costos de producción por la cantidad de materia prima que se deja de percibir a falta de los requisitos fiscales que un proveedor, en este caso el productor agrícola, debe tener. Por ello es necesario implementar estrategias que permitan elevar el civismo fiscal de los campesinos y que a su vez mejoren el funcionamiento integral de las cooperativas con la reducción de costos de producción.
Estrategias de Marketing Empleadas por los Comerciantes de Prendas de Vestir En La “Vitrina Comercial” de Colombia
Authors: Quintero Ramos Meudis , Morillo Olarte Eliseo
Published: February 2018

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo diagnosticar las estrategias de mercado empleadas por los comerciantes de las prendas de vestir en la denominada “Vitrina Comercial de Colombia”, ubicada específicamente en el municipio Maicao, Departamento de la Guajira. Se utilizan las variables relacionadas con la mezcla de la mercadotecnia, referidas a producto, precio, plaza y promoción como conceptos medulares del mercado moderno para detectar los problemas de venta que presentan estos comerciantes. A tal efecto, se diseñó una encuesta tipo cuestionario y se suministró a una muestra de 207 informantes de la zona. Los resultados arrojados permitieron detectar y concluir que estos comerciantes cumplen con las principales premisas relacionadas con las estrategias de posicionamiento de producto, dejando de lado aquellas que conciernen a la expansión de la mezcla de productos, modificación y contracción. Sin embargo, dada la ubicación de la zona, se hace necesario estimular a estos informantes al empleo de estrategias de descuentos, promocionales, precios geográficos y de penetración. Éstas últimas resultan las más adecuadas, dada la situación fronteriza de esta vitrina comercial. De igual manera se diagnosticó el poco empleo de las estrategias referidas a la plaza y promoción por los gastos de inversión que éstas acarrean, motivo por el cual se infiere que la falta de empleo de estas últimas pudieran ser la causa principal del problema detectado en el contexto comercial estudiado.
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICAL ABSTRACTION ABILITY BY USING DISCURSIVE APPROACH INTEGRATED PEER INSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURE ALGEBRA II
Authors: Komala Elsa
Published: February 2018

This research is subject to describe students' mathematical abstraction ability using the discursive approach of peer instruction integration, to get an idea about the problems faced by students and to study about the interventions needed by students to overcome the problems. This research using the quantitative descriptive approach with pre-experimental design: the one-shot case study design, which is done to the students in the course of the structure of algebra II. Based on the data analysis, result of the research shows that ability of students' mathematical abstraction using the discursive approach of peer instruction integration in the course of the structure of algebra II does not exceed 85% of ideal criteria determined. Obstacles faced by students such as cognitive obstacles, genetic and psychological obstacles, didactic obstacles, epistemological obstacles. Interventions that need to be given such as by providing reinforcement to the mastery of prerequisite material, conditioning through drill, practice, and exercise, providing scaffolding, raises students awareness of what they learn, convergent interventions in the form of a closed-ended investigative question.
STUDENTS’ GEOMETRIC THINKING BASED ON VAN HIELE’S THEORY
Authors: Fitriyani Harina , Widodo Sri Adi , Hendroanto Aan
Published: February 2018

The current study aims to identify the development level of students’ geometric thinking in mathematics education department, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan based on van Hiele’s theory. This is a descriptive qualitative research using a test consisting of 25 multiple choice questions. The data is analyzed by using Milles and Huberman model. The result shows that there were 30,65% of students in pre-visualization level, 21,51% of students in visualizes level, and 29,03% of students in analyze level, 16,67% of students in informal deduction level, 2,15% of students in deduction level, and 0,00% of student in rigor level. Furthermore, findings indicated a transition level among development levels of geometric thinking in pre-analyze, pre-informal deduction, pre-deduction, and pre-rigor that were 20%; 13,44%; 6,45%; 1,08% respectively. The other findings were 40,32% of students were difficult to determine and 4,3% of students cannot be identified.
Trama dos Sonhos: infâncias, esperança e performance
Authors: Kohls Tatiani Müller , Martins Felipe da Silva , Bussoletti Denise Marcos
Published: February 2018

Este trabalho visa uma reflexão sobre uma ação desenvolvida em escolas da rede pública de ensino na cidade de Pelotas/RS, denominada Trama dos Sonhos. A partir da performance realizada, refletimos sobre as infâncias e a esperança, alindo a experimentação artística e a práxis pedagógica. O discurso das crianças, que muitas vezes é marginalizado, e de um futuro incerto, nos mostra a esperança como forma de resistência. Tomamos a performance como possibilidade de uma proposta diferenciada que privilegia a narrativa pessoal e coletiva no espaço escolar. Assim, pensamos também na possibilidade de outras pedagogias que possam ser sensíveis a complexidade destas questões na contemporaneidade.
Municipal asset management in China’s small cities and towns: Findings and strategies ahead
Authors: Camparano Alessandra , Masic Joanna
Published: February 2018

Chinese municipalities have developed a large stock of capital assets during a period of rapid growth and urbanization, but have yet to modernize asset management practices. Cities face challenges such as premature decline of fixed assets and spiking liabilities related to operating and maintaining assets. This paper evaluates the asset management practices in three selected small cities and towns in China, using a benchmarking assessment tool followed by an in-depth field assessment. The paper finds that overall performance is below half the international benchmark for good practice in all three cities. Management practices are considerably more advanced for land than for buildings and infrastructure. Key deficiencies in data availability and reporting, governance, capacity, and financial management indicate increased risks for local government finance and the delivery of public services. For small cities and towns where public revenues are often uncertain and limited, urban public services will be at risk of deterioration unless good asset management practices are put in place. The paper recommends strategic actions for upper and lower levels of government, to advance local asset management practices and facilitate the reform agenda.
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Streptococcus mutans dari Sediaan Mouthwash Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.)
Authors: Handayani Fitri , Sundu Reksi , Sari Ria Mareta
Published: February 2018

Guava leaves have been used as antidiarrhea, antioxidant, aniinflamation, and antimicrobial. The results of its preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids and saponins. This leaves also contain essential oil such as sineol. Utilization of guava leaves as a mouthwash preparation is an alternative to replace the mouthwash preparations which generally contain antiseptic form of alcohol that can lead to oral cancer. This experiment formulated the extract of guava leaves into mouthwash that fulfill the physical requirements and determine the differences of antimicrobial activity against the growth of Streptococcus mutans with concentration of extract : 2,5 %; 3% and 3,5 %. Antibacterial acivity test was using MHA media with agar diffusion method. Physical requirement test included organoleptic, pH and viscosity test. The result showed that the mouthwash preparation of guava leaves extract has a pH value outside the range of the optimum growth of bacteria (pH=5). The viscosity of the mouthwash was 1,328-1,347 cP.  The antibacterial activity of Streptococcus mutans on F1 has inhibition zone of 3,15 mm, F2 (3,83 mm) and F3 (4,32 mm). It was concluded that the extract of guava leaves on concentrations of 2,5%; 3% and 3,5% can be formulated as mouthwashes.  The mouthwash fulfilled the physical requirement test such as pH, viscosity and organoleptic test and can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans.
Uji Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson Ex F.A.Zorn) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah, Kolesterol Total Dan Gambaran Histopatologi Pankreas Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) Hiperkolesterolemia-Diabetes
Authors: Tandi Joni , Rizky Moh , Mariani Rio , Alan Fajar
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek serta dosis efektif ekstrak daun sukun dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah, kolesterol total dan gambaran histopatologi pangkreas pada hewan uji tikus putih jantan model hiperkolesterolemia-diabetes yang diinduksi pakan tinggi lemak dan streptozotocin.  Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan 35 ekor hewan uji yang dikelompokkan dalam 7 kelompok dengan perlakuan yaitu kelompok kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif metformin, kelompok positif sinvastatindan 3 kelompok uji dengan variasi dosis ekstrak masing-masing 100 mg/KgBB, 200 mg/KgBB, dan 400 mg/KgBB. Pengukuran kadar glukosa darah dan kadar olesterol dilakukan pada hari ke 0, 35, 42, dan 49 setelah diberi perlakuan. Data kadar glukosa darah dan kolesterol  total yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji one way ANOVA pada taraf kepercayaan 95% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Post Hoc LSD, dan data hasil skoring tingkat kerusakan pankreas dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann-Whitney untuk melihat perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat senyawa metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak etanol sukun, ekstrak daun sukun dengan dosis efektif 200 mg/kgBB memiliki efek terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan kadar kolesterol total, dosis 400 mg/kgBB regenerasi jaringan pankreas tikus.
Hubungan Sikap Ibu Hamil Terhadap Hyperemesis Gravidarum Tingkat Sedang Di Ruang Kasuari RSU Anutapura Palu
Authors: Wirawan Wayan , Suriyani Putu
Published: February 2018

Pregnancy is a natural and physiological process. Any woman who has a healthy reproductive organs, Any woman who is pregnant will definitely experience Hyperemesis gravidarum mild, moderate or fallow. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship Attitudes Against Hyperemesis gravidarum Pregnancy Rate Medium In Space cassowary RSU Anutapura Palu. The research in this study is a correlational study with descriptive analysis with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all women with hyperemesis gravidarum in the room cassowary RSU Anutapura hammer, totaling 45 mothers with hyperemesis gravidarum. In this study using the analysis of univariate and bivariate significance invitation 0005 with 95% confidence level continued to Chi Square test and simple regression which is used to examine the relationship maternal attitude towards Hyperemesis gravidarum moderate In Space cassowary RSU Anutapura Palu. And how much influence the attitude of Pregnant Women Against Hyperemesis Gravidarum Medium Level. Of the 31 respondents based test using bivariate analysis showed signivikansi value 0.000 <0.05 which means there signivikan correlation between the two variables and chi square test with 31 respondents diproleh signivikansinya value of 0.00 <0.05, which means that the statistics there is a relationship between attitudes towards pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum moderate level, followed by a simple regression obtained F value hitung48,809 with a significance level of 0.000 <0.05, which means it has the effect of maternal attitudes towards hyperemesis grafidarum. In the results of the analysis show that there is a relationship attitude towards Hyperemesis gravidarum pregnant women being perceived level of pregnant mothers In Space cassowary RSU Anutapura Palu influence the level of 12.033%
Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Bioautografi Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi Non Polar, Semipolar Serta Polar Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae dan Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Haryoto Haryoto , Jayanti Yuliana Dwi , Saputro Henggar Prasetyo Wikan , Kosworo Kosworo
Published: February 2018

Penyakit infeksi masih merupakan penyakit utama dan penyebab kematian tertinggi di Indonesia. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat  dimanfaatkan  sebagai  obat adalah tumbuhan sirsak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) ekstrak etanol, fraksi nonpolar, semipolar dan polar daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae dan Staphylococcus epidermidis serta golongan senyawa kimianya yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Daun sirsak diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode dilusi padat. Untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa dari ekstrak etanol daun sirsak dilakukan uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis. Bioautografi dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa yang terdapat dalam ekstrak etanol daun sirsak yang berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya zona jernih pada media yang telah diinokulasi bakteri dan ditempeli plat KLT hasil elusi ekstrak etanol daun sirsak. Uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis menggunakan fase diam silika gel GF254 dan fase gerak heksan:etil asetat (7:3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun sirsak, fraksi  nonpolar, semipolar dan polar mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae dan Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan KHM berturut-turut sebesar 2,5% 3%; 3,5%; 4% dan 4,5% b/v. Hasil KLT menunjukkan bahwa golongan senyawa yang terkandung dalam ekstrak etanol daun sirsak adalah polifenol, antron, antranol, triterpenoid saponin, dan steroid saponin. Golongan senyawa dari ekstrak tersebut yang memiliki  aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Klebsiella pneumonia adalah senyawa golongan saponin, polifenol, dan antakinon. Sedangkan Golongan senyawa dari ekstrak tersebut yang  memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis adalah senyawa golongan polifenol dan antrakinon.
Proses Emulsifikasi dan Pengeringan Pasta Campuran Sumber Asam Folat Alami dan Identifikasinya Dalam Perolehan Serbuk Suplemen Untuk Wanita Hamil
Authors: Susilowati Agustine , Lotulung Puspa Dewi , Maryati Yati
Published: February 2018

Serbuk campuran tempe kacang hijau (P. radiatus),  brokoli (Brassica oleracea) terfermentasi dan nikstamal jagung putih jenis gigi kuda (Zea mays identata) masing-masing diperoleh melalui fermentasi oleh R. oligosporus strain C1, fermentasi oleh kultur kombucha dan nikstamalisasi menggunakan Ca(OH)2 adalah kekinian suplemen asam folat alami untuk wanita hamil.  Perolehan asam folat sebagai suplemen dilakukan melalui emulsifikasi dengan homogenisasi pada kecepatan putar berturut-turut  0, 8000, 9500, 13500 dan 20500 rpm selama 30 menit dengan penambahan gelatin pada konsentrasi berturut-turut  0, 1, 2, 3, 4 dan 5% (b/b) selanjutnya dikeringkan selama 24 jam pada suhu 50°C dan kapsulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kecepatan putar homogenizer dan konsentrasi gelatin, akan meningkatkan asam folat , protein terlarut dan total padatan namun menurunkan total gula dan gula reduksi sampai dicapai optimisasi diikuti penurunan komponen serbuk suplemen. Perlakuan optimum berdasarkan asam folat terbaik dicapai pada kombinasi perlakuan konsentrasi 3% gelatin dengan kecepatan putar 9500 rpm selama 30 menit yang menghasilkan suplemen dengan komposisi asam folat 374,29 µg/mL, protein terlarut 6,30  mg/mL, total gula 16.64 µg/mL , gula reduksi 744,70  mg/mL dan total padatan 91,12%. Idensifikasi asam folat pada kondisi optimum diperoleh 2 peak dengan waktu retensi masing-masing T 1,9 dan T 2,2 yang didominasi monomer asam folat berberat molekul (M+1) masing-masing 442,96 dan 442,74 Da. dengan intesitas relatif masing-masing 4,47 dan 3,29%.
Analisis Bioautografi Kromatografi Lapis Tipis dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Bawang Tiwai (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) terhadap Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Paramita Swandari , Yasir Yadi , Yuniati Yuniati , Sina Ibnu
Published: February 2018

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are the major health problem in Indonesia; this is mainly due to their resistance to antibiotics. Based on this, the quest for new sources of natural based antimicrobial drugs is necessary. Bawang tiwai (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) is one of the natural materials that have potential as an antibacterial natural-based of Indonesia origin. Bawang tiwai already used empirically by local communities in East Kalimantan to treat various diseases. The aim of this research is to know the antibacterial activity of E. bulbosa ethanol extract on MRSA and to know the type of secondary metabolite with antibacterial activity tested by TLC bioautography method. The experiment was conducted on Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Mulawarman University, Samarinda. TLC results showed that ethanol extract of E. bulbosa has compounds containing sugar, alkaloids, steroids, and flavonoids. The results of TLC bioautography show that ethanol extract of E. bulbosa can inhibit the growth of MRSA. MIC results show that ethanol extract of E. bulbosa has potent antibacterial activity against MRSA with MIC 1 mg/mL. The conclusion of this research is all the results support the potential of bawang tiwai as the alternative component of natural-based antibacterial agents against MRSA.
Relación enfermera (o)/paciente según TISS 28. Aplicación clínica en cuidado intensivo
Authors: Escobar Bermúdez Alicia , Martínez Ceballos Jhon Fernando , Montenegro Rangel Leidy Paola , Vargas Zúñiga Magda Lorena , Arias Torres Dolly
Published: February 2018

El Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS 28) se ha utilizado alrededor de todo el mundo para calcular número de enfermeros en las Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo según clasificación de los pacientes y tipo de intervención (Cuadros 1 y 2); teniendo en cuenta que en Colombia no hay legislación actualizada para tal fin, se recurrió a dicho score con el fin de establecer el número de profesionales necesarios en cuatro unidades de cuidado intensivo adulto (UCIA) de la ciudad de Neiva, dado que la realidad actual muestra una marcada desproporción. Se utilizó el método descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte longitudinal; la población estuvo conformada por 1454 registros tomados durante un mes; la información se recolectó mediante observación directa a través del formato TISS 28. En el análisis estadístico se manejó t- student y chi cuadrado. El puntaje TISS 28 osciló en las cuatro UCIA entre 22 y 29, valor directamente proporcional al número de intervenciones de Enfermería y al grado en que fueron clasificados los pacientes; esta categorización resultó altamente significativa con chi cuadrado de 1% (16.812). La UCIA Quirúrgica fue la de puntaje más alto, las otras tres obtuvieron resultados similares. El tiempo promedio para el desarrollo de las intervenciones de enfermería en todas las UCIA de estudio fue superior a 360 minutos en un turno de seis horas, con un t-student altamente significativo, 1% (4.541), lo cual indica déficit de profesionales y por ende sobrecarga de trabajo. La relación enfermera paciente encontrada fue 1:2 en contraste con la actual de 1:10 y de 1:7.
Resistencia a medicamentos Anti-rretrovirales (ARV) en pacientes con segundo fracaso terapéutico en un programa de VIH, Colombia
Authors: Santofimio Sierra Dagoberto , Osorio Pinzón Johanna , Salinas Cortés Diego Fernando , Barreto Jackeline , Ramos Jorge Andrés , Álvarez Perdomo Luis Carlos , Gómez A. Carlos
Published: February 2018

Objetivo: Describir la resistencia a los medicamentos antirretrovirales en pacientes con segundo fracaso terapéutico en un Programa de VIH entre enero de 2011 a Diciembre de 2011. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de serie de casos. Donde se describieron las mutaciones del VIH, características clínicas y hallazgos de laboratorio de los pacientes con resistencia en segundo fracaso terapéutico. Resultados: Se identificaron 30 pacientes con segundo fracaso terapéutico en el periodo de estudio. El tiempo promedio de uso de Terapia Anti-rretroviral por paciente fue de 77,2 meses (DS= 56). A 12 pacientes se les realizaron tres cambios de esquema anti-rretroviral por fracaso terapéutico y otros 2 pacientes hasta cuatro cambios de esquema. Las mutaciones más frecuentes fueron las primarias a Inhibidores de Proteasa (M46I, I54V, L10I) y a Inhibidores de Transcriptasa Inversa Análogos de Nucleósidos (Abacavir, Didanosina y Zidovudina, Estavudina).
AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT THROUGH MAGNETIZATION OF IRRIGATION WATER: A REVIEW
Authors: GILANI A. , KERMANSHAHI H. , GHOLIZADEH M. , GOLIAN A.
Published: February 2018

Agricultural water management in arid and semi-arid countries such as Iran is of utmost importance. Alterations of water as a major component of each bio system through magnetization have been reviewed in this study. Magnetization process has been used as green technology in industry and agriculture with controversial results. Properties of water such as pH, hydrogen bonds, temperature, structure and its ions can be affected by an external magnetic field. Subsequent modifications have substantial impacts on water quality that is determined for optimum plant and animal production. There are some reports among numerous studies in agronomy, gardening and animal husbandry which claim fruitful influence of this treatment both qualitatively and quantitatively. Nevertheless, there are some controversial reports on the effects of Magnetization. In conclusion, the response of organismsdepends on Magnetization time and intensity, water quality and plant or animal species. These variables should be taken into account for further studies regarding this mysteries process.
Raman Signal Enhancement by Quasi-Fractal Geometries of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Darienzo Richard , Mironava Tatsiana , Tannenbaum Rina
Published: February 2018

The synthesis of star-like gold nanoparticles (SGNs) in a temperature-controlled environment allows for temperature modulation and facilitates the growth of highly branched nanoparticles. By increasing the synthesis temperature, the level of branching increases as well. These highly branched features represent a distinctly novel, quasi-fractal nanoparticle morphology, referred to herein as gold nano caltrops (GNC). The increased surface roughness, local curvature and degree of inhomogeneity of GNC lend themselves to generating improved enhancement of the scattering signals in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) via a mechanism in which the localized surface plasmon sites, or “hot spots,” provide the engine for the signal amplification, rather than the more conventional surface plasmon. Here, the synthesis procedure and the surface-enhancing capabilities of GNC are described and discussed in comparison with SGN.
Traditional Medicine Use in the Dunedin Pacific Community in New Zealand
Authors: Wilson Evan , Grant Ben , Tobin-Stickings Rosa , Lewthwaite Hanneke , Franklin Gina , Oh Sarah , Guan Simon , Borowsky Thomas , Thwaites Kirsty , Leaper Timothy , Lee Jun , Susan Jack , Sopoaga Faafetai
Published: February 2018

Background: Traditional medicine (TM) has been practiced in the Pacific islands over many years, and Pacific peoples continue to use TM after migrating to New Zealand (NZ). There is limited published literature on Pacific TM use in NZ. This study explores the views, use of, and access to TM of Pacific Peoples living in Dunedin, NZ. The information provides a valuable contribution in an important area where there is a paucity of information, and will also inform content development for the Pacific health curriculum for health professional courses at the University of Otago.

Methods: Cultural processes were used to inform and guide the recruitment of participants and data collection phases. Four focus groups were conducted with 15 Pacific Island community members. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using an inductive approach to identify main themes.

Results: Three main themes emerged from the data: Firstly, perspectives of TM from Pacific peoples, was varied and included the importance of spirituality, the environment and inherited knowledge. Secondly, the use of TM which incorporated plants, massage, diet, family togetherness and other forms of healing. Reasons for the use and differences in uptake between groups were also identified. The last main theme identified was barriers in accessing TM, that included the scarcity of traditional healers, resources, and cost.

Conclusion: The findings suggest Pacific peoples’ perspectives of TM encompassed a wide spectrum of views, knowledge and techniques. There were identified barriers in access and substitution where traditional ingredients were not available. Some expressed concern that TM use may decline due to loss of exposure and availability of resources. Other challenges are fewer traditional healers and relevant plants in New Zealand. Assisting Western health professionals to engender discussion and openness to TM use in Pacific Peoples is likely to support patient care.
The Impact of Insect Infestation on Stored Purpled Cocoa Beans
Authors: Tettey E.
Published: February 2018

Under-fermentation of cocoa beans produces purple beans. The fermentation period is 6 to 7 days but some cocoa farmersunder-ferment their cocoa beans leading to the development of purple cocoa beans. This study determined the impact of insectinfestation on stored purple cocoa beans. Wet cocoa beans were fermented for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days to produce the purple beans.Ephestia cautella and Tribolium castaneum, both singly and in combination, were introduced into the cocoa beans and storedfor different (30, 60, 90 and 120 days) period. Insect population, percentage weight loss and the contaminants produced bythese insects were determined. Cocoa beans infested with E. cautella alone had the highest population of 297.0 ± 22.7. Beansfermented for 3 days had the lowest insect population both singly and in combination after 120 days of storage. The highestpercentage weight loss was recorded in cocoa beans fermented for one day (10.1 ± 1.87%) and 4 days (10.1 ± 8.74%). T.castaneum did not cause much damage to the cocoa beans but E. cautella alone caused significant damage to stored cocoabeans. Insect infestation and poor fermentation contribute significantly to the reduction in quality of cocoa beans.
Analisis Perencanaan Pembelajaran Tematik Pada Kurikulum 2013 di SD Negeri Kauman I Malang
Authors: Suwandayani Beti Istanti
Published: February 2018

Perkembangan zaman turut menyertai perkembangan penerapan kurikulum pendidikan di Indonesia. Kurikulum di Indonesia saat ini menggunakan Kurikulum 2013. Dalam implementasi kurikulum 2013 dibutuhkan perencanaan yang matang untuk mengintegrasikan beberapa mata pelajaran ke dalam sebuah tema. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perencanaan, faktor penghambat dan pendukung pembelajaran tematik di SDN Kauman I. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa di SDN Kauman I. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpilan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan pembelajaran tematik di SDN Kauman I sesuai dengan Kurikulum 2013, namun masih terdapat beberapa kendala yaitu pendistribusian buku, alokasi waktu dan pembuatan media. Faktor pendukung perencanaan kurikulum 2013 sarana prasrana di kelas yang memadai, buku referensi pendukung, dan pelatihan kurikulum 2013 untuk guru kelas di SDN Kauman I.
KAYA VE ALÜVYON ORTAMLARDA ZEMİNİN BİNA YÜKSEKLİĞİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: Şelenbaş Seda
Published: February 2018

Bu çalışmada; yerel zemin koşullarının deprem
hareketlerine etkisi, zemin büyütmesi, zemin yapı etkileşimi, deprem-hasar
ilişkisi, DBYBHY (2007)’ e göre zemin koşullarının belirlenmesi ve tasarım
spektrumu hesap kriterleri, konularından bahsedilmektedir. Kocaeli bölgesinde
kaya ve alüvyon ortamlarda yapılan saha çalışmalarından elde edilen zemin
parametreleri ile farklı yükseklikte modellenen binaların yapısal çözümlemesi
yapılmıştır. Bina modellerinin farklı zemin türleri üzerindeki davranışı,
Sta4CAD V13.1 paket programı yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Yapı analizinden
elde edilen bina doğal periyotları ve tasarım spektrumları ile arazi
çalışmalarına ait zemin hakim titreşim periyotları sonuçları karşılaştırılarak
zemin türünün bina yüksekliğine etkisi irdelenmiş, bina modellerindeki hasar riskleri
yorumlanmıştır.
SONLU FARKLAR YÖNTEMİ İLE 1-B VE 2-B YER RADARI MODELLEMESİ
Authors: KARA Kadir Bahadır
Published: February 2018

Bu çalışmada sonlu
farklar yöntemi ile Matlab programlama dili kullanılarak bir boyutlu ve iki
boyutlu yer radarı modellemesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı yer altında
bulunması muhtemel yapıların ve jeolojik yapıların bir boyutlu ve iki boyutlu
radargramlar üzerindeki etkisi incelemektir. Model sınırlarında oluşan
yansımaları önlemek ve radargramlarda ayrım gücünü artırmak amacıyla mükemmel
uyumlu plaka (PML) kullanılmıştır. Kaynak dalgacığı olarak Ricker dalgacığı
kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca aynı ortamlar için hazırlanan bir boyutlu ve iki boyutlu
radargramlar birbirleri ile kıyaslanmıştır. Farklı ortamlar için hazırlanan yer
altı modellerinin bir boyutlu ve iki boyutlu radargramlar üzerine etkileri
ortaya konmuştur.
Cheryl Black and Jonathan Shandell, eds., Experiments in Democracy: Interracial and Cross-Cultural Exchange in American Theatre, 1912–1945
Authors: Macki Adrienne C.
Published: February 2018

Experiments in Democracy assembles thirteen essays illustrating how the American stage cultivated and complicated cross-cultural dialogues about democracy before the civil rights movement. It addresses the role of performance in fostering inclusivity and social justice by highlighting representative works, including dance drama, radio drama, scripted political rallies, and Broadway shows.
Fiona Coleman Coffey, Political Acts: Women in Northern Irish Theatre, 1921–2012
Authors: Murphy Ciara L.
Published: February 2018

Fiona Coleman Coffey’s monograph Political Acts: Women in Northern Irish Theatre, 1921–2012 helps to address the lacuna in research on women playwrights in Ireland, focusing specifically on drama by women from the north of Ireland during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. This book will be eminently useful to scholars pursuing research in Irish theatre.
Julia Jarcho, Writing and the Modern Stage: Theater beyond Drama
Authors: Garner Stanton B.
Published: February 2018

Julia Jarcho’s Writing and the Modern Stage: Theater beyond Drama argues that writing plays a constitutive role on the modern experimental stage by pointing beyond the dramatic present to what this present cannot contain. Jarcho offers a powerful rejoinder to theatre theorists who celebrate performance’s priority over dramatic and other forms of textuality.
David A. Shafter, Antonin Artaud
Authors: Plunka Gene A.
Published: February 2018

Shafer’s biographical study of Antonin Artaud is a major contribution to modern theatre-history studies. Shafer explores how Artaud became a theatre icon by tracing his search for a non-western total theatre during his acting career in Paris, his ties to surrealism, and the development of his manifestos on the Theatre of Cruelty.
Are Poplar Plantations Really Beautiful? On Allen Carlson's Aesthetics of Agricultural Landscapes and Environmentalism
Authors: Herguedas Fernando Arribas
Published: February 2018

Allen Carlson's aesthetics of nature contends that a deepening in the scientific knowledge of natural objects and environments is required to achieve an appropriate aesthetic appreciation of them. This ‘scientific cognitivism’ is often presented as supporting the emergence and development of environmental awareness as well as a theory consistent with the requirements of environmentalism that have been set out by Carlson himself. But Carlson's view about the aesthetic appreciation of contemporary agricultural landscapes gives more relevance to their functional fitness for human purposes than to scientific cognitivism. It will be shown here how this different treatment weakens the link between Carlson's work and his requirements of environmentalism.
Special Issue on Computational Intelligence and Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Real-World Data Analytics and Pattern Recognition
Authors: Cagnoni Stefano , Castelli Mauro
Published: February 2018

This special issue of Algorithms is devoted to the study of Computational Intelligence and Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Real-World Data Analytics and Pattern Recognition. The special issue considered both theoretical contributions able to advance the state-of-the-art in this field and practical applications that describe novel approaches for solving real-world problems.
Market, Policies and Local Governance as Drivers of Environmental Public Benefits: The Case of the Localised Processed Tomato in Northern Italy
Authors: Mantino Francesco , Forcina Barbara
Published: February 2018

This article explores the role of a specific Localised Agri-food System (LAFS) in the provision of Environmental and social benefits (ESBs) in densely cultivated, industrialised, and populated areas by analysing the core of the processing tomato supply chain of northern Italy (Parma and Piacenza). The research examines how the interplay of market drivers, public policies, and collective actions favoured farming, technological, and organisational innovations geared to support long-term economic growth and tackle, at the same time, environmental challenges. The tomato supply chain is characterised by a favourable convergence of attitudes, policies, and market conditions that over time allowed for fruitful interactions between private stakeholders and between the supply chain and public players. Decades of key stakeholders’ interconnections within the tomato supply chain led to a success story of economic growth and attention to a new balance between agro-industry and environment, for the benefit of producers/processors, consumers, and natural resources. Profitability strategies inevitably imply intensification of farming in order to maximise profit levels per hectare, however, the tomato supply chain found a collective motivation that could grant profitability and concurrently reward producers and processors for attention paid to safeguarding the environment—giving evidence that intensification does not necessarily conflict with requirements in support of sustainability.
X-Shaped ZIF-8 for Immobilization Rhizomucor miehei Lipase via Encapsulation and Its Application toward Biodiesel Production
Authors: Adnan Miaad , Li Kai , Xu Li , Yan Yunjun
Published: February 2018

This study presents a one-step encapsulation method for synthesizing X-shaped zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) and immobilizing Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML). We proved that the morphological structure of ZIF-8 had changed after immobilization with enhanced characterization using a field-emission scanning electron microscope, an energy-dispersive spectrometer, a transmission electron microscope, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and powder X-ray diffraction. The surface area and pore size of the carrier were investigated before and after immobilization using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda methods, respectively. RML@ZIF-8 exhibited high recovery activity of up to 2632%, representing a 26-fold increase in its free lipase. Encapsulated RML was used for biodiesel production from soybean oil in an isooctane system with a conversion yield of 95.6% under optimum conditions. The resulting reusability of the immobilized enzyme indicated no substantial decline in the conversion yield, which remained at 84.7% of the initial activity after 10 cycles. The stability and high performance of the immobilized enzyme are attributed to the harmony between RML and ZIF-8 based on the easy synthesis of ZIF-8 and the short time required to immobilize RML.
Ionic Liquids Treated within the Grand Canonical Adaptive Resolution Molecular Dynamics Technique
Authors: Shadrack Jabes B. , Krekeler Christian
Published: February 2018

We use the Grand Canonical Adaptive Resolution Molecular Dynamics Technique (GC-AdResS) to examine the essential degrees of freedom necessary for reproducing the structural properties of the imidazolium class of ionic liquids. In this technique, the atomistic details are treated as an open sub-region of the system while the surrounding environment is modelled as a generic coarse-grained model. We systematically characterize the spatial quantities such as intramolecular, intermolecular radial distribution functions, other structural and orientational properties of ILs. The spatial quantities computed in an open sub-region of the system are in excellent agreement with the equivalent quantities calculated in a full atomistic simulation, suggesting that the atomistic degrees of freedom outside the sub-region are negligible. The size of the sub-region considered in this study is 2 nm, which is essentially the size of a few ions. Insight from the study suggests that a higher degree of spatial locality seems to play a crucial role in characterizing the properties of imidazolium based ionic liquids.
Predicting Shifts in the Suitable Climatic Distribution of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) in China: Maximum Entropy Model Paves the Way to Forest Management
Authors: Xu Xiang , Zhang Huayong , Yue Junjie , Xie Ting , Xu Yao , Tian Yonglan
Published: February 2018

Cultivation of woody oil plants in environmentally suitable habitats is a successful ecological solution for oil development and forest management. In this study, we predicted the influences of future climate change on the potentially suitable climatic distribution of an important woody oil plant species (walnut; Juglans regia L.) in China based on given climate change scenarios and the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model. The MaxEnt model showed that the minimum temperature of the coldest month and annual precipitation were the most important determinant variables limiting the geographical distribution of J. regia. We have found that the current suitable environmental habitat of J. regia is mainly distributed in central and southwestern China. Results of the MaxEnt model showed that global warming in the coming half-century may lead to an increase in the area size of environmentally suitable habitats for J. regia in China, indicating more lands available for artificial cultivation and oil production. However, those suitable habitat gains may be practically inaccessible due to over-harvest and urban development, and effective management strategies are urgently needed to establish those forests. This research will provide theoretical suggestions for the protection, cultivation management, and sustainable utilization of J. regia resources to face the challenge of global climate change.
Predictors of Microhabitat Frequency and Diversity in Mixed Mountain Forests in South-Western Germany
Authors: Großmann Josef , Schultze Juliane , Bauhus Jürgen , Pyttel Patrick
Published: February 2018

Tree-related microhabitats are an important determinant of forest biodiversity. Habitat trees, which typically provide many microhabitats such as hollows, crown dead wood, etc., are therefore selected to maintain those structural attributes within managed forests. To what extent the occurrence of microhabitats on potential habitat trees may be predicted from common tree attributes is a question of high practical relevance. Until now, most studies have attempted to predict the quantity of microhabitats at the tree or forest stand level. In our study, we aimed at explaining microhabitat occurrence from a qualitative perspective by considering their diversity. Tree diameter at breast height (dbh), tree species, and canopy class were useful predictors of microhabitat diversity. Microhabitat diversity on broadleaved trees was on average higher than in conifers of the same diameter. In contrast to microhabitat quantity, microhabitat diversity saturated towards higher dbh levels. Microhabitat diversity in beech trees of lower tree canopy classes was found to be surprisingly high. Habitat trees support not only more, but also more diverse, microhabitats in comparison to crop trees. Considering these findings on microhabitat distribution, the selection of habitat trees within Central European mixed mountain forests can be significantly improved.
Pathogenicity of Neonectria fuckeliana on Norway Spruce Clones in Sweden and Potential Management Strategies
Authors: Pettersson Martin , Talgø Venche , Frampton John , Karlsson Bo , Rönnberg Jonas
Published: February 2018

The fungus Neonectria fuckeliana has become an increasing problem on Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the Nordic countries during recent years. Canker wounds caused by the pathogen reduce timber quality and top-dieback is a problem for the Christmas tree industry. In this study, four inoculation trials were conducted to examine the ability of N. fuckeliana to cause disease on young Norway spruce plants and determine how different wound types would affect the occurrence and severity of the disease. Symptom development after 8–11 months was mainly mild and lesion lengths under bark were generally minor. However, N. fuckeliana could still be reisolated and/or molecularly detected. Slow disease development is in line with older studies describing N. fuckeliana as a weak pathogen. However, the results do not explain the serious increased damage by N. fuckeliana registered in Nordic forests and Christmas tree plantations. Potential management implications, such as shearing Christmas trees during periods of low inoculum pressure, cleaning secateurs between trees, and removal and burning of diseased branches and trees to avoid inoculum transfer and to keep disease pressure low, are based on experiments presented here and experiences with related pathogens.
Impact of Climate Trends and Drought Events on the Growth of Oaks (Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) within and beyond Their Natural Range
Authors: Perkins Diana , Uhl Enno , Biber Peter , Du Toit Ben , Carraro Vinicio , Rötzer Thomas , Pretzsch Hans
Published: February 2018

Due to predicted climate change, it is important to know to what extent trees and forests will be impacted by chronic and episodic drought stress. As oaks play an important role in European forestry, this study focuses on the growth response of sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur (L.)) under contrasting climatic conditions. Analyses cover both site conditions of their natural occurrence (Southern Germany and Northeast Italy) and site conditions beyond their natural range (South Africa). The sites beyond their natural range represent possible future climate conditions. Tree-ring series from three different sites were compared and analysed using dendrochronological methods. The long-term growth development of oak trees appears to be similar across the sites, yet the growth level over time is higher in the drier and warmer climate than in the temperate zone. When compared with previous growth periods, growth models reveal that oak trees grew more than expected during the last decades. A recent setback in growth can be observed, although growth is still higher than the model predicts. By focusing on the short-term reactions of the trees, distinct drought events and periods were discovered. In each climatic region, similar growth reactions developed after drought periods. A decline in growth rate occurred in the second or third year after the drought event. Oaks in South Africa are currently exposed to a warmer climate with more frequent drought events. This climatic condition is a future prediction also for Europe. In view of this climate change, we discuss the consequences of the long- and short- term growth behaviour of oaks grown in the climate of South Africa for a tree species selection that naturally occurs in Europe.