bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile Health and Wellness Application Framework
Authors: Leppänen J. , Lähteenmäki J. , Nummiaho A. , Laakko T.
Published: April 2008

Objectives:
There is an increasing need for userfriendly and interoperable mobile applications in health and wellness domain. The objective of this work has been to provide support for rapid and cost-effective development of such applications.

Methods:
We have introduced an application framework which provides a generic tool for mobile application designers. We have demonstrated the usage of the application framework by providing an example implementation and demonstrating its usage in a Tele-ECG use case. In order to support interoperability we propose a solution compatible with clinical document standards such as the HL7 CDA.

Results:
A new mobile platform applicable for a wide range of telemedicine and wellness applications is introduced. The platform provides connectivity between healthcare professionals, patients and measurement devices. It is based on an open application framework that provides interfaces for measurement, user interface, database and network connectivity implementations.

Conclusions:
Mobile application development based on the application framework was demonstrated successfully. The developed UPHIAC platform adopts a new technical approach using a local database solution for caching of information at the mobile terminal. The platform applies a document-based approach providing a versatile and reliable way of sharing and collabora - tively complementing of health information including standard information model documents (HL7/CDA), and integration with health information systems and personal storages. The implemented mobile tele-ECG case demonstrates the overall function of the platform. The platform can be used as a basis for developing new applications for specific purposes.
A Tele-home Care System Exploiting the DVB-T Technology and MHP
Authors: Angius G. , Pani D. , Raffo L. , Randaccio P. , Seruis S.
Published: April 2008

Objectives:
The aim of this research work is the development of a low-cost system for telemedicine based on the DVB-T technology. The diffusion of DVB-T standard and the low cost of DVB-T set-top boxes bring the vision of a capillary distribution of tele-home care monitoring systems with easy-to-use patient’s interface.

Methods:
Exploiting the potentiality of the DVB-T settop box, we transformed it into an “on-demand telehome care interface”. The Xlet we developed is able to govern the functionality of an external microcontrollerbased unit for the acquisition of the bio-signals of interest. The uplink connection is used to send the exam results to a remote care center.

Results:
The Xlet providing the patient interface on the set-top box is uploaded by a DVB-T broadcaster without any intervention in the patient’s home. A prototypal low-cost base station for the acquisition of the patient’s signals (1-lead ECG) has been developed. It is able to be connected to the set-top box via an infrared link. A smart-card-based system is in charge for the customization of the Xlet for every patient.

Conclusions:
The proposed system, based on a currently widespread infrastructure, is able to allow the patients monitoring from home without any installation procedure. Even untrained (or elderly) people can easily use such system due to their practice with the basic DVB-T home-entertainment equipments.
Penetrating injuries in dogs and cats
Authors: de Rooster H. , Taeymans O. , van Bree H. , Risselada M.
Published: April 2008

The objective of this retrospective study was to assess radiographical and surgical findings, surgical management and outcome of penetrating injuries in dogs and cats by evaluating patient records. Sixteen patients were identified (15 dogs and one cat), four with gunshot wounds, and 12 with fight wounds (11 with bite wounds, one struck by a claw). The thoracic cavity was affected in six patients, the abdominal cavity in three cases. Both cavities were affected in five dogs and the trachea in two cases. All of the patients with fight wounds were small breed dogs. Multiple injuries to internal organs that required intervention were found surgically after gunshot wounds and a high amount of soft tissue trauma requiring reconstruction was present after fight wounds. Radiography diagnosed body wall disruption in two cases. All of the affected thoracic body walls in the fight group had intercostal muscle disruptions which was diagnosed surgically. Fourteen patients survived until discharge and had a good outcome. In conclusion, penetrating injuries should be explored as they are usually accompanied by severe damage to either the internal organs or to the body wall. A high level of awareness is required to properly determine the degree of trauma of intercostal muscle disruption in thoracic fight wounds.
Muscle separation approach to scapular neck fractures in eight dogs
Authors: Garvan C. B. , McCartney W. T.
Published: April 2008

Objectives: To report on a new surgical approach to scapular neck fractures. Methods: A combined prospective and retrospective study of eight dogs that had sustained a fracture of the scapular neck between 1992 and 2005 was performed. All eight dogs had an internal fixation using a T plate through a muscle separation approach. Retraction of the supraspinatus from the deltoideus and infraspinatus allows an adequate surgical window to enable plating of the scapular neck. Results: Sixty-two percent had an excellent outcome without any lameness or stiffness detected. The remaining cases experienced infrequent bouts of stiffness, or, in one case lameness. Clinical significance: The current literature recommends that the surgical approach to the scapular neck is by osteotomy of the acromion process, which is unnecessary in the authors’ opinion as it increases surgical trauma, operating time and the number of implants required.
Surgical treatment of a traumatic intracranial epidural haematoma in a dog
Authors: Cabassu J.-P. , Brochier L. , Catheland S. , Ivanoff S. , Cabassu J. B.
Published: April 2008

A 10-month-old Czech wolf dog was unconscious after being kicked in the head by a horse. The following day, the dog was ataxic and collapsed after several steps. The level of consciousness was decreased. Cranial nerve examination was normal and right postural reactions were decreased. Spinal reflexes were intact in all limbs. The diagnostic work-up included a computed tomography (CT) scan of the head with IV contrast. A lenticular shaped, hyperdense, non-enhancing lesion was observed in the left fronto-parietal region. A diagnosis of intracranial epidural haematoma was made. Two craniotomies were performed on a different day and most of the haematoma was removed. Corticosteroids and antimicrobial therapy were administered. Fifteen days after the surgery, the clinical examinations were unremarkable. Fifteen months later, the owners considered the dog normal. Intracranial subdural or intraparenchymal haematomas have been described in the veterinary literature. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the successful management of an intracranial epidural haematoma in the dog. In humans, these lesions are well described. Common locations are temporal, parietal and frontal regions or a combination of these regions. Patients can be asymptomatic, present with varying clinical signs, or be unconscious. Based on the human literature, following trauma to the head, a CT scan should be performed even if the patient is asymptomatic. Some authors believe that there are not any absolute indications for conservative management versus surgical management.
Joint mice migration into the deep digital flexor tendon sheath in dogs
Authors: Guerrero T. , Ohlerth S. , Hässig M. , Voss K. , Montavon P. M. , Post C.
Published: April 2008

This study describes the appearance of ‘joint mice’ in the sheath of the deep digital flexor muscle tendon (DDFT) due to osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions in the talocrural joint of 12 dogs. Surgical excision of all free fragments in the DDFT sheath was performed in five dogs, and their clinical progression was documented. The excision of free fragments from the DDFT sheath, but not arthro-tomy, proved clinically beneficial despite the presence of degenerative joint disease. The anatomical communication between the talocrural joint and the DDFT sheath and its dimensions are further illustrated with the use of contrast media and dissection of cadaver limbs.
Scapulohumeral osteochondrosis
Authors: Ross M. W. , Martin B. B. , Richardson D. W. , Jenner F.
Published: April 2008

Objectives: To review the outcome of equine shoulder osteochondrosis (OC) with surgical or conservative treatment. Methods: Retrospective study of 32 horses, less than two years of age, with scapulohumeral joint (SHJ) OC. The lesion severity was graded based on measurements taken from lateromedial radiographs. Follo–up information was obtained from racing records or telephone conversations with owners. Successful outcome was defined as the ability of the horse to perform its intended use. Results: Sixteen of 32 horses were affected bilaterally (48 joints). Eleven of 16 horses with bilateral OC underwent arthroscopic surgery; five had bilateral arthroscopy, six had unilateral arthroscopy of the most severely affected joint. Eight of 16 horses with unilateral OC underwent arthroscopy. The overall outcome was ′poor′. Only 15.4% (4/26) of potential race horses started a race, whereas 67% (4/6) non-racehorses were ′sound′ for the intended use. Statistical analysis evaluating the effect of breed on outcome showed a statistically significant difference. There were no significant interactions between outcome and gender, affected limb, unilateral versus bilateral involvement, treatment or severity of the radiographic lesion. However, radiographic lesion severity on the humerus and glenoid showed significant positive correlation. Clinical significance: The overall poor prognosis for shoulder OC in young horses appears to be, in part, dependent on breed and intended use. There was not any difference in outcome between surgically and conservatively treated horses.
Tibial tuberosity conformation as a risk factor for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in the dog
Authors: Koch D. , Bass M. , Haessig M. , Inauen R.
Published: April 2008

The influence of the tibial tuberosity conformation on cranial cruciate ligament (CrCl) rupture was evaluated and the size of the tibial tuberosity of healthy dogs (group H) was compared with dogs with CrCl rupture (group R) and dogs treated by tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) (group T). The medio-lateral radio-graphs of 219 stifle joints were evaluated. Relative tibial tuberosity width (rTTW), proximal tibial tuberosity angle (PTTA), tibial plateau angle (TPA), tibial width (TW) and tibial plateau length (TPL) were measured on each radiograph. Body weight (BW) was measured and relative body weight (rBW) was calculated. The data from group H was compared with that of group R and group T. Group H had significantly larger rTTW, lower BW, lower rBW and smaller PTTA than group R. A comparison of groups H and T showed that dogs from group H were significantly younger, had a lower BW, a lower rBW, a greater PTTA and a smaller rTTW. In each of the comparisons, the TPA and the TW/TPL were not significantly different. The conformation of the canine tibial tuberosity has a significant influence on CrCl rupture. We hypothesized that the smaller the tibial tuberosity width, the larger the cranial tibial thrust, which results in more rapid CrCL degeneration, thus leading to rupture in a younger population of dogs. The rTTW could be a helpful measurement for breeding selection. Only dogs with a rTTW of more than 0.90 should be used for breeding.
Epoxy putty external skeletal fixation for fractures of the four main metacarpal and metatarsal bones in cats and dogs
Authors: Emmerson T. , Moores A. P. , Pead M. J. , Puerta B.
Published: April 2008

The objective of this retrospective study was to report the clinical use, advantages, disadvantages, complications and outcome of an epoxy putty external skeletal fixator (EPESF) used for the repair of fractures of all four main metatarsal or metacarpal bones in a single limb in 11 dogs and 11 cats. The aim of this technique was to achieve satisfactory alignment of the proximal and distal joints and the digits, rather than anatomical reconstruction of the metacarpal/metatarsal bones themselves. All of the cases achieved fracture union and they all recovered fully without any residual lameness.
Biomechanical comparison of the pullout properties of external skeletal fixation pins in the tibiae of intact and ovariectomised ewes
Authors: Heidari B. , Mahony N. J. , Rackard S. M. , O’Brien F. J. , Lee T. C. , Brennan O. , Kennedy O. D. , FitzPatrick D. , Keeley B. J.
Published: April 2008

The pin-bone interface is the least stable component of the external skeletal fixator. Concerns exist regarding the ability to obtain adequate implant purchase in poor quality bone. Consequently, reduced bone quality has been viewed as a contra-indication for the use of external skeletal fixators. The aim of this study was to investigate the holding power of two different fixator pin designs in bone from entire and ovariectomised sheep. Thirty-two aged ewes were divided into two groups. Group 1 were controls, and Group 2 were ovariectomised (OVX). The ewes were sacrificed 12 months postovariectomy and five pairs of tibiae were harvested from each group. The holding power of cortical and cancellous fixator pins was assessed at five standardised locations on each tibia. An increase in mean cortical thickness was noted in the OVX group. The holding power of cancellous fixator pins was superior to that of cortical pins, irrespective of whether or not ovariectomy had been performed. Cancellous pins had an increased holding power in post ovariectomy bone compared to control bone. Cortical pin performance was not affected by ovariectomy. There was a lack of correlation between the incidence of insertional fractures of the far cortex and implant holding power. The results raise questions over the effectiveness of ovariectomy in establishing osteopaenic bone suitable for assessing implant performance, hence further investigations are warranted.
Traumatic fracture of the patella in 11 cats
Authors: Brown G. , Matis U. , Langley-Hobbs S. J.
Published: April 2008

Traumatic patellar fracture in cats mainly occurred in male neutered cats with an average age of four years, six months and a mean weight of 4.8 kg. Patellar fractures were concurrent with long bone fractures and cruciate ligament rupture or occurred after gunshot. The patella luxated medially or laterally in four cats. Fracture fragments were usually small, either from the proximal pole (base) or distal pole (apex) or longitudinal fragments. Treatment was by fragment excision when the fragment was small or by reconstruction with pins and wires when fractures were comminuted. The outcome in six cats was reported as ′good′ to ′normal′ and three cats were ′improving′ or had ′mild′ intermittent lameness at the last follow up.
A biomechanical comparison of six different double loop configurations for use in the lateral fabella suture technique
Authors: Cutting E. D. , Sutcliffe M. P. F. , Langley-Hobbs S. J. , Wallace A. M.
Published: April 2008

Six different double loop configurations which could be applied to the lateral fabella suture (LFS) technique were subjected to in vitro mechanical testing. Three double loop, single strand and three double loop, double strand configurations were tested. The strongest configuration, with a significantly higher mean ultimate load and load at yield, was the interlocking loop configuration. This is a novel configuration which has not previously been reported. The three double loop, single strand configurations all had higher mean ultimate loads than the double loop, double strand configurations. The double strand group with uneven loop length performed very poorly, with significantly lower mean stiffness and ultimate load than all of the single strand groups. This group also developed unacceptably high levels of elongation during high level cyclic loading.
Complication rate, outcome, and risk factors associated with surgical repair of fractures of the lateral aspect of the humeral condyle in dogs
Authors: Reetz J. A. , Brown D. C. , Tucker S. M. , Mayhew P. D. , Morgan O. D. E.
Published: April 2008

Objective: To determine outcome, report complications, and risk factors for complications associated with the surgical treatment of fractures of the lateral aspect of the humeral condyle (FLHC) in dogs. Study design: Fifty dogs with FLHC that had been repaired surgically were included in this retrospective case series. Methods: The medical records and radiographs from 50 dogs with FLHC from 1990–2006 were analyzed. Results: The complication rate was 30%. For every 30-minute increase in surgical time the odds of a complication increased by 2.00 (95% CI: 1.06, 3.77). For every 10° increase in the angle between the transcondylar screw and a line between the epicondyles viewed on a craniocaudal radiograph there was a 4.82 (95% CI: 1.23, 18.86) greater odds of an intracondylar fracture gap appearing on postoperative radiographs. When an intracondylar fracture gap was present after surgery there was a 25% long-term radiographic outcome failure rate, whereas there was a 0% radiographic failure rate in the dogs in which an intracondylar fracture gap was not present. In conclusion, transcondylar screw placement parallel to the epicondylar line should be attempted for the repair of FLHC. An increase in surgical time leads to an increase in postoperative complication rate. The presence of an intracondylar fracture gap may be associated with fracture failure. Clinical significance: Screw angulation predisposed to postoperative intracondylar fracture gap which in turn may be associated with higher fracture fixation failure rate. The dogs that had prolonged surgical times had an increased complication rate.
Transilial interlocking plate stabilisation of a sacral fracture and an ilial fracture in a dog
Authors: Mills J.
Published: April 2008

Transilial interlocking plate fixation was employed in the successful management of a sacral fracture-luxation and an ilial fracture in a dog.
Locking compression plate osteosynthesis of complicated mandibular fractures in six horses
Authors: Kummer M. , Auer J. A. , Nitzl D. , Fürst A. E. , Kuemmerle J. M.
Published: April 2008

Complicated mandibular fractures were recognised in one foal, one pony and four horses. The foal was two months old while the adult animals ranged in age from 12 to 24 years. Three horses had a unilateral horizontal ramus fracture. Two fractures were open and one was closed. Comminution was present in one of these patients while the other two horses had marked displacement of the fragments. Two suffered from comminuted fractures of the horizontal and vertical ramus of the mandible. One of these patients had open and infected fractures. One foal had a bilateral horizontal ramus fracture with marked periosteal ‘new bone’ formation and malalignement which required corrective osteotomy. Each horse underwent locking compression plate (LCP) osteosynthesis consisting of open fracture reduction and application of one to three 4.5/5.0 mm LCP at the ventral, lateral or caudal aspect of the mandible under fluoroscopic control. Two 3.5 mm LCP were used in the foal. Plate fixation was supported by application of a cerclage wire construct between the incisor and premolar teeth in most patients. Complete fracture healing, with an excellent functional and cosmetic outcome, was achieved in all of the patients. Complications encountered included seroma formation, screw and wire breakage, as well as implant and apical tooth root infections. The LCP was removed after fracture healing had occurred in four patients.
C,N‐chelated triorganotin(IV) diesters of 4‐ketopimelic acid and their fungicidal activity
Authors: Chalupa Jan , Handlíř Karel , Padělková Zdeňka , Vejsová Marcela , Buchta Vladimír , Jirásko Robert , Rûžička Aleš
Published: April 2008

The set of four triorganotin(IV) diesters of 4‐ketopimelic acid containing {2‐[(CH3)2NCH2]C6H4}‐ as a C,N‐chelating ligand was prepared. Their structures were studied by the help of IR, NMR and X‐ray crystallographic techniques in the case of {{2‐[(CH3)2NCH2]C6H4}SnPh2}2[(OOCCH2CH2)2C]. All these compounds are monomeric both in solid state and solution with five‐coordinated tin atoms and medium strong intramolecular SnN connection. The antimycotical activity of these compound was studied and compared with the triorganotin(IV) derivatives of 4‐ketopimelic acid and antimycotical drugs in clinical use. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distal embolization during intracranial carotid artery stenting
Authors: Kawarada Osami , Yokoi Yoshiaki , Izuta Makoto
Published: April 2008

Intracranial stenting, with or without balloon angioplasty, has emerged as an effective alternative to medical therapy for intracranial atherosclerosis. However, this strategy appears to involve the potential risk of distal embolization, which may lead to disability and death. Here, the authors have described a successful case of distal balloon‐protected intracranial carotid artery stenting for clinically and angiographically unstable intracarotid artery stenosis revealing aspirated embolic materials containing yellow plaque, red thrombus, and white debris. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel use of a split sheath to maintain vessel access when guidewire exchange is not possible
Authors: Appleby Steven , Mcallister Kent , Kern Morton J.
Published: April 2008

After inserting a catheter into a vessel, guidewire exchange technique must be used to maintain vascular access. If the lumen of the catheter is blocked and the guidewire exchange cannot be used, the catheter can only be removed, vascular access is lost, and an alternate vascular approach attempted. We describe a technique to remove the blocked catheter and still maintain vascular access. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cutaneous migration of the StarClose® device
Authors: Aschwanden Markus , Bilecen Deniz , Thalhammer Christoph
Published: April 2008

We report the first case of a transcutaneous migration of a vascular clip closure device 10 weeks after placement during femoral artery puncture for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. We postulate focal inflammatory vascular wall changes as the predisposing factor in this patient with giant cell arteritis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stent implantation is effective treatment of vascular stenosis in young infants with congenital heart disease: Acute implantation and long‐term follow‐up results
Authors: Stanfill Robert , Nykanen David G. , Osorio Sandra , Whalen Ruby , Burke Redmond P. , Zahn Evan M.
Published: April 2008

Background: Stents implantation in infants has been shown to be feasible, however, there are no published reports examining long‐term outcomes. Concerns exist regarding creation of fixed obstructions secondary to the stent if expansion to larger diameters over time is not possible. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the earliest consecutive series of infants who underwent stent placement at our institution between October 1995 and December 1999. Results: Implantation of 33 stents were attempted in 27 infants, median age = 10 (25–24) months, wt = 8.1 (3.4–14.5) kg. Stents used were as follows: 16 large, 13 medium, and 4 coronary. Acute implant success was 94%. There were three nonprocedure‐related deaths within 30 days of implantation, 1 patient was lost to follow‐up and 1 had acute stent thrombosis. The remaining 22 patients (26 stents) form the long‐term follow‐up study group. Nineteen stents underwent 33 redilations. Following latest redilation, 67.0 (37–113) months postimplantation, minimal luminal diameter increased from 7.0 ± 1.8 mm immediately following implantation to 8.7 ± 2.3 mm (P < 0.001). Seven stents were electively removed/ligated during a planned surgery. All 18 remaining in situ stents are patent without significant obstruction 102 (84–116) months following implantation. There was one late death 51 months after stent implantation. The remaining 21 patients are alive and well. Conclusions: Stent implantation in infants is safe and effective. Serial redilation is possible to keep pace with somatic growth; however, efforts should be made to implant stents with adult diameter potential in children who will not require further cardiac surgery. Implantation of small‐ and medium‐sized stents can provide effective palliation and should be considered in carefully selected infants who will ultimately require future surgery. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion: Novel 3‐dimensional imaging and quantitative analysis
Authors: Dvir Danny , Assali Abid , Kornowski Ran
Published: April 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions in three dimensions (3D) and to examine the potential yield and added diagnostic value of these reconstructions in planning percutaneous interventional procedures. Methods and Results: The novel CardiOp‐B system for 3D reconstruction of the coronary vessels was used in 302 angiographic images from 58 consecutive patients (86% men; mean age 62 ± 11 years) undergoing interventional treatment for CTO (61 CTOs). The success rate of 3D reconstruction was 83%. When successful, these reconstructions led to a significant improvement in lesion analysis, especially at the stump area and/or missing segment. Importantly, in 92% of the successful 3D reconstructions, the artery path in the lesion area could be delineated. In 95% of cases, in which post‐stenting 3D reconstruction performed, the vessel path was similar to the lesion path suggested before stenting. The mean stenosis area was significantly smaller in the 3D reconstructions vs. 2D images (94 ± 5.1% vs. 99 ± 0.3%, P < 0.001), and the mean lesion length was significantly shorter (15.3 ± 7.4 mm vs. 20.9 ± 8 mm, P < 0.001). Conclusions: In most cases, 3D reconstruction of CTOs can clearly image the stump area, delineate the lesion path, and provide enough information for the clinician to precisely calculate the severity of stenosis and lesion length. 3D reconstructions may serve as a useful tool for planning interventional procedures for CTOs and improving their success rate. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cholangiocyte primary cilia in liver health and disease
Authors: Masyuk Anatoliy I. , Masyuk Tatyana V. , LaRusso Nicholas F.
Published: April 2008

The epithelial cells lining intrahepatic bile ducts (i.e., cholangiocytes), like many cell types in the body, have primary cilia extending from the apical plasma membrane into the bile ductal lumen. Cholangiocyte cilia express proteins such as polycystin‐1, polycystin‐2, fibrocystin, TRPV4, P2Y12, AC6, that account for ciliary mechano‐, osmo‐, and chemo‐sensory functions; when these processes are disturbed by mutations in genes encoding ciliary‐associated proteins, liver diseases (i.e., cholangiociliopathies) result. The cholangiociliopathies include but are not limited to cystic and fibrotic liver diseases associated with mutations in genes encoding polycystin‐1, polycystin‐2, and fibrocystin. In this review, we discuss the functions of cholangiocyte primary cilia, their role in the cholangiociliopathies, and potential therapeutic approaches. Developmental Dynamics 237:2007–2012, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of genes involved in the ciliary trafficking of C. elegans PKD‐2
Authors: Bae Young‐Kyung , Lyman‐Gingerich Jamie , Barr Maureen M. , Knobel Karla M.
Published: April 2008

Ciliary membrane proteins are important extracellular sensors, and defects in their localization may have profound developmental and physiological consequences. To determine how sensory receptors localize to cilia, we performed a forward genetic screen and identified 11 mutants with defects in the ciliary localization (cil) of C. elegans PKD‐2, a transient receptor potential polycystin (TRPP) channel. Class A cil mutants exhibit defects in PKD‐2::GFP somatodendritic localization while Class B cil mutants abnormally accumulate PKD‐2::GFP in cilia. Further characterization reveals that some genes mutated in cil mutants act in a tissue‐specific manner while others are likely to play more general roles in such processes as intraflagellar transport (IFT). To this end, we identified a Class B mutation that disrupts the function of the cytoplasmic dynein light intermediate chain gene xbx‐1. Identification of the remaining mutations will reveal novel molecular pathways required for ciliary receptor localization and provide further insight into mechanisms of ciliary signaling. Developmental Dynamics 237:2021–2029, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of a Bulky Bis(carbene)borate Ligand – Contrasting Structures of Homoleptic Nickel(II) Bis(pyrazolyl)borate and Bis(carbene)borate Complexes
Authors: Nieto Ismael , Bontchev Ranko P. , Smith Jeremy M.
Published: April 2008

Twofold deprotonation of the “boronium” cation H2B(tBuImH)2+ I– provides access to the bulky bis(carbene)borate ligand H2B(tBuIm)2–. Transfer of the ligand to NiII sources affords the square‐planar, diamagnetic complex Ni[H2B(tBuIm)2]2. The properties of this complex are contrasted with the related bis(pyrazolyl)borate complex Ni[H2B(tBupyr)2]2, which is octahedral and paramagnetic. Density functional theory has been used to evaluate the reasons for the structural differences. Stabilization of the square‐planar geometry by the bis(carbene)borate ligand can be ascribed to its greater donor ability.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A spectral projection method for the analysis of autocorrelation functions and projection errors in discrete particle simulation
Authors: Kaufmann André , Moreau Mathieu
Published: April 2008

Discrete particle simulation is a well‐established tool for the simulation of particles and droplets suspended in turbulent flows of academic and industrial applications. The study of some properties such as the preferential concentration of inertial particles in regions of high shear and low vorticity requires the computation of autocorrelation functions. This can be a tedious task as the discrete point particles need to be projected in some manner to obtain the continuous autocorrelation functions.

Projection of particle properties on to a computational grid, for instance, the grid of the carrier phase, is furthermore an issue when quantities such as particle concentrations are to be computed or source terms between the carrier phase and the particles are exchanged. The errors committed by commonly used projection methods are often unknown and are difficult to analyse. Grid and sampling size limit the possibilities in terms of precision per computational cost.

Here, we present a spectral projection method that is not affected by sampling issues and addresses all of the above issues. The technique is only limited by computational resources and is easy to parallelize. The only visible drawback is the limitation to simple geometries and therefore limited to academic applications.

The spectral projection method consists of a discrete Fourier‐transform of the particle locations. The Fourier‐transformed particle number density and momentum fields can then be used to compute the autocorrelation functions and the continuous physical space fields for the evaluation of the projection methods error. The number of Fourier components used to discretize the projector kernel can be chosen such that the corresponding characteristic length scale is as small as needed. This allows to study the phenomena of particle motion, for example, in a region of preferential concentration that may be smaller than the cell size of the carrier phase grid.

The precision of the spectral projection method depends, therefore, only on the number of Fourier modes considered. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Stokes equations using divergence‐free approximations
Authors: Montlaur A. , Fernandez‐Mendez S. , Huerta A.
Published: April 2008

A discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method with solenoidal approximation for the simulation of incompressible flow is proposed. It is applied to the solution of the Stokes equations. The interior penalty method is employed to construct the DG weak form. For every element, the approximation space for the velocity field is decomposed as the direct sum of a solenoidal space and an irrotational space. This allows to split the DG weak form into two uncoupled problems: the first one solves for the velocity and the hybrid pressure (pressure along the mesh edges) and the second one allows the computation of the pressure in the element interior. Furthermore, the introduction of an extra penalty term leads to an alternative DG formulation for the computation of solenoidal velocities with no presence of pressure terms. Pressure can then be computed as a post‐process of the velocity solution. Numerical examples demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodologies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilized edge‐based finite element computation of gravity currents in lock‐exchange configurations
Authors: Elias Renato N. , Paraizo Paulo L. B. , Coutinho Alvaro L. G. A.
Published: April 2008

Modeling of gravity current flows is important in many problems of science and engineering. Gravity currents are primarily horizontal flows driven by a density difference of few per cents. This phenomenon occurs in many scales in nature, such as ocean and marine flows, sea breeze formation, avalanches, turbidite flows, etc. Most of the gravity current simulations employ structured grid or spectral methods. In this work, we simulate gravity‐driven flows by a parallel stabilized edge‐based finite element code with particular emphasis on the simulation of the lock‐exchange problem for planar and cylindrical configurations. Our results are validated against other highly resolved numerical simulations and experiments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An artificial‐dissipation‐based fractional step scheme for upper‐convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid flow past a circular cylinder
Authors: Liu C.‐B. , Nithiarasu P.
Published: April 2008

The fully explicit characteristic‐based split (CBS) scheme is employed to solve viscoelastic flow problems. The upper‐convected Maxwell (UCM) model is employed in the present study. In addition to allowing equal‐order interpolations for pressure and velocity, the proposed method along with an appropriate artificial damping scheme is able to produce stable solutions for different Deborah numbers (De). The higher‐order time terms introduced by the simplified characteristic Galerkin approximation are sufficient to obtain stable solution at very low De, but an additional damping is essential to maintain positive definitiveness of the conformation tensor at higher De. We demonstrate the need for an additional damping by analysing the basic forward time central space scheme applied to the constitutive equations. A second‐order artificial damping is employed to counteract the negative dissipation introduced by the explicit time discretization. The example studied in this paper is the widely used and difficult problem of flow past a circular cylinder. The results presented show that the velocity and extra stresses converge easily to a steady state at lower De values. At higher De values, the convergence to steady state is slow due to the incremental way in which the artificial damping is added. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The analysis of the channel flow sensitivity to the parameters of the k–ε method
Authors: Błazik‐Borowa Ewa
Published: April 2008

This paper deals with the problem of using sensitivity analysis for fluid mechanics solutions to the constants of the standard k–ε method for 2D, incompressible and steady flows. The problem is described and analysed on the basis of a channel flow. Sensitivity coefficients of the following properties were determined: a pressure, two components of a velocity, a turbulence kinetic energy, a dissipation rate of turbulence kinetic energy and a turbulence dynamic viscosity. The calculated property values depend on five model constants that are parameters of the sensitivity analysis in this paper. Sensitivity coefficients are derivatives of the above properties, for individual parameters. In this paper these coefficients are determined using a finite difference approximation to the sensitivities coefficients.

The author of this paper compares three models of the boundary layer with regard to the sensitivity of properties to the parameters. Irrespective of the boundary layer model used here, the analysis of sensitivity coefficients for the channel flow properties shows that the most sensitive property is the turbulence dissipation rate. Next properties of consequence, although of significantly smaller values of sensitivity coefficients, are the turbulence viscosity and the turbulence kinetic energy. All flow properties are mostly sensitive to the Cµ parameter. One of the final conclusions in this paper is that the analysis of sensitivity coefficient fields allows the reliable checking of results and indicates those areas most prone to calculation difficulties. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Projection method for flows with large local density gradients: Application to dendritic solidification
Authors: Heinrich J. C. , Sajja U. K. , Felicelli S. D. , Westra D. G.
Published: April 2008

Numerical models of solidification including a mushy zone are notoriously inefficient; most of them are based on formulations that require the coupled solution to the velocity components in the momentum equation greatly restricting the range of applicability of the models. Initial attempts at modeling directional solidification in the presence of a developing mushy zone using a projection formulation encountered difficulties once solidification starts, which were traced to the inability of the method to deal with large local density differences in the vicinity of the fluid–mush interface. A modified formulation of the projection method has been developed that maintains the coupling between the body force and the pressure gradient and is presented in this work. This formulation is shown to be robust and extremely efficient; reducing very significantly the necessary storage and the computational time required for the simulation of problems involving very large meshes when compared with previously published data. This is illustrated in this work through its application to simulations involving a Pb–Sn alloy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High accuracy time and space transform method for advection–diffusion equation in an unbounded domain
Authors: Chen Suqin , Wu Xionghua , Wang Yingwei , Kong Weibin
Published: April 2008

A new numerical method called high accuracy time and space transform method (TSTM) is introduced to solve the advection–diffusion equation in an unbounded domain. By a spatial transform, the advection–diffusion equation in the unbounded domain Rn is converted to one on the bounded domain [−1, 1]n, and the Laplace transform is applied to eliminate time dependency. The consequent boundary value problem is solved by collocation on Chebyshev points. To face the well‐known computational challenge represented by the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform, Talbot's method is applied, consisting of numerically integrating the Bromwich integral on a special contour by means of trapezoidal or midpoint rules. Numerical experiments illustrate that TSTM has exponential rate in time and space. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychotherapy termination: clinical and ethical responsibilities
Authors: Vasquez Melba J. T. , Bingham Rosie P. , Barnett Jeffrey E.
Published: April 2008

The successful termination of the psychotherapy relationship is each psychotherapist's goal. Yet, a number of circumstances may arise that interfere with the successful completion and termination of treatment. This article addresses both termination and abandonment and illustrates the applicable guidelines and standards from the American Psychological Association's (2002) Ethics Code. We conclude with 12 recommendations for proactively addressing termination and abandonment consistent with professional standards and each patient's best interests. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol:In Session 64: 653–665, 2008.
Prevalence and correlates of everyday discrimination among U.S. Latinos
Authors: Pérez Debra Joy , Fortuna Lisa , Alegría Margarita
Published: April 2008

This study reports on the prevalence and correlates of perceived discrimination among a national sample of Latinos in the United States. Understanding the prevalence and correlates of discrimination can help us better address disparities in the health care system. The authors define perceived discrimination as self‐reported everyday experiences of unfair treatment. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess rates of perceived discrimination among Latinos and identify correlates of discrimination. Data came from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS). The prevalence of perceived discrimination among Latinos was 30%. Cubans and Latinos with high ethnic identity were less likely to perceive discrimination compared to other Latino subgroups or Latinos with low ethnic identity. American‐born Latinos and Latinos arriving in the United States at younger ages were more likely to perceive discrimination compared to immigrants arriving at older ages. Perceived discrimination among Latinos is less prevalent than what has been reported for other minorities. Variations in perceived discrimination are related to sociodemographic and cultural differences across ethnic subgroups. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The meaning of home for runaway girls
Authors: Peled Einat , Muzicant Amit
Published: April 2008

This naturalistic qualitative study examines the concept of “home” for runaway girls. Through the “home story” of girls who run away from home, the authors hoped to understand the many facets of home, as well as broaden the existing knowledge‐base about the phenomenon of adolescent runaway girls. Data consisted of in‐depth interviews with 15 girls aged 13 to 21. The findings attest to the complex perception of home by participants as both existing and not existing. In essence, the meanings of home for them were related to its absence. The discussion centers on the psychological understanding of the meaning of home as a mental construct that is a part of the personality and on the shaping of the meaning of home by social norms and structures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How nonclinical are community samples?
Authors: Thurston Idia B. , Curley Jessica , Fields Sherecce , Kamboukos Dimitra , Rojas Ariz , Phares Vicky
Published: April 2008

Mental health services are underutilized in our society by both adults and children. This finding presents a potential problem for researchers conducting community‐based research. Previous studies have demonstrated that community‐based researchers frequently do not screen participants for the presence of psychopathology nor do they ascertain whether therapeutic services are currently utilized. The present study explored the prevalence of psychopathology and treatment involvement in a sample of families recruited from the community. Results indicated that a fifth of the participants in this community‐based sample met diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric disorder or were in treatment for psychological difficulties at the time of recruitment for this study. Furthermore, mothers, fathers, and adolescents who met the criteria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) for a psychological disorder had higher symptomatology than those who did not meet criteria. Methodological suggestions are provided. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gender differences in the relational health of youth participating in a social competency program
Authors: Liang Belle , Tracy Allison , Kenny Maureen , Brogan Deirdre
Published: April 2008

This study is designed to explore the effects of previous participation in Open Circle: Social Competency Program (SCP) on the relational health of 153 Caucasian middle school students who reported having recent and consecutive exposure to the program in elementary school. SCP is designed to foster social skills among children that enable them to communicate better, work out conflicts, and build stronger relationships. Our study shows a consistent pattern of evidence that sustained participation in SCP during elementary school encourages the development of quality relationships with peer friends, mentors, and communities among boys as they start into their middle school years. This pattern is not as consistent among girls, who tend to develop relationships of relatively high quality (e.g., those characterized by authenticity, mutual engagement, empowerment, and the ability to deal with differences within the relationship in a way that fosters growth) even in the absence of or minimal participation in SCP. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Natural mentoring under the microscope: an investigation of mentoring relationships and latino adolescents' academic performance
Authors: Sánchez Bernadette , Esparza Patricia , Colón Yarí
Published: April 2008

The current study examined the role of natural mentoring relationships in the academic performance of urban, diverse, Latino high school students. Participants reported up to three mentors in their lives, and they were asked about their mentors' demographic characteristics and the characteristics of their mentoring relationships. The presence of a mentor was associated with fewer absences, higher educational expectations, and greater expectancies for success and sense of school belonging. Further, the number of reported mentors predicted fewer absences, higher educational expectations and a greater sense of school belonging. Mentors' educational level, frequency of contact, relationship duration, and total form of support provided by mentors were related to participants' academic outcomes. Mentor type also made a difference in youth's academic outcomes. Implications for future mentoring research and programs are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adolescent depression and school social support: a multilevel analysis of a Finnish sample
Authors: Ellonen Noora , Kääriäinen Juha , Autio Ville
Published: April 2008

This study invokes the ecological approach to social support by examining how school social support relates to moderate or severe adolescent depression. School is seen as not only a place for supportive individual‐level relationships, but also as a source of community support created by teachers and other students. The main purpose of the study is to examine whether school‐level social support is related to adolescent depression and, if so, how much of the school‐level differences in moderate or severe adolescent depression can be explained by school social support? The study is based on data included in the Finnish School Health Promotion Survey, which covers about 70% of Finnish 14‐ to 16‐year‐old adolescents. The data were collected in 2002–2003 and the analysis was conducted by employing multilevel logistic regression analysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.