bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development of pedagogical competence of students-choreographers in the process of studying folk dance
Authors:   Makhambet Utemisov West-Kazakhstan University, Kenzhetaeva A. I. ,   Moscow State Institute of Culture, Spinzhar N. F. ,   Moscow State Institute of Culture
Published: October 2023

The current state of the labor market dictates the necessity to develop personal and professional competencies in the current educational process of Kazakhstan. A modern specialist should both be educated and capable of generating knowledge and be able to respect and appreciate the opinions of other people, to negotiate with them to reach agreement, be active, emotional, communicative, and organized. Moreover, currently, much attention is paid to pedagogical competence in the professional training of a specialist – a future choreographer. The authors consider the development of personal and professional competencies of a future choreographer in the process of studying folk dance at the university as the main way to form pedagogical competence. Theoretical studies of the development of the future choreographer pedagogical competence in the process of studying Kazakh folk dance through the unity of the competencies identified by the authors – intellectual-pedagogical, communicative (empathy, extraversion), informational, and reflective – were carried out. The formation of these competencies helps in transforming knowledge about the content of Kazakh dance into knowledge about teaching and educating through Kazakh dance. Studying the history of national ballet art, analyzing its libretto, comparing and collating with modern national ballets will allow the future teacher-choreographer to reflect adequately in choreography the spiritual and moral foundations of national identity, culture, traditions, authenticity of epic traditions and awakening of national artistic and aesthetic consciousness. Through the involvement of students-choreographers in creative groups, creative thinking and personal qualities are awakened and activated, educational and creative activities are carried out, difficulties are overcome, and creative tasks are solved. The authors formulate proposals for the development of professional and personal qualities of students-choreographers. The authors consider the development and understanding of spiritual and cultural values, activity, self-analysis, performance skills of students-choreographers in the process of studying national dance at the culture and arts university as a solution to the problem of developing pedagogical competence.
Personality traits as predictors of the hedonic aspect of subjective well-being in adolescence
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Penkina E. N.
Published: October 2023

The level of hedonic well-being is a significant component of personality subjective well-being. However, there is no sufficient data on predictors of hedonic well-being in adolescence. Therefore, this issue seems relevant for research in the context of adolescence. Knowing what personality traits influence the level of hedonic well-being at this age can be valuable when organizing preventive and corrective work with adolescents. The paper presents data of an empirical study of a regression model of the influence of personality traits on hedonic well-being in adolescence. The study involved 80 adolescents from secondary educational institutions of Novosibirsk aged 13–17 years. The author used the following techniques: BFI-2 adapted by Yu.A. Ka¬lu¬gi¬na and S.A. Shche-be¬ten¬ko, TEIQue-ASF adapted by E.N. Pen¬ki¬na and O.A. Sham¬shi¬ko¬va, “Life Satisfaction Scale” adapted by D.A. Le¬on¬tye¬va and E.N. Osin, a PANAS analogue developed by E.N. Osin. The predictive ability of personality traits in relation to the hedonic aspect of subjective well-being in adolescence was identified. The emotional intelligence trait has a significant impact on the affective component of hedonic well-being, in particular: high indices of “Positive attitude towards life” influence positive affect (β=0.34), and high indices of “Managing one’s emotions and behavior” influence negative affect (β=−0.30). Among the Big Five personality traits, the neuroticism trait has a negative influence on positive affect (β=−0.25) and life satisfaction (β=−0.25), but influences positively negative affect (β=0.52); the agreeableness trait influences negative affect (β=−0.18) and life satisfaction (β=0.31); the conscientiousness trait influences positive affect (β=0.30).
Digital risks and digital security through the eyes of different generations: qualitative investigation experience
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Rikel A. M. , Starostina Yu. A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: October 2023

The paper analyzes the issue of digital risks and digital security in the perception of generation Z and the reform generation, which is relevant in terms of different speeds of adaptation to digitalization processes among representatives of different cohorts. The authors identify, classify and describe these risks both from a theoretical position and in the context of perception by respondents. The paper describes the results of the study conducted by the technique of semi-structured interviews involving six focus groups with the participation of 37 respondents – representatives of the so-called reform generation and generation Z (digital generation). The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of the perception of digital risks and strategies for adapting to them among representatives of generation Z and the reform generation. As a common for all generations result, the authors propose a risk perception rating, which mainly emphasizes economic risks, risks related to the confidential information security, personal risks, and issues of surveillance on the Internet. The risk of losing control over personal and financial information on the Internet is considered the most dangerous one. Both generations refer technocratic strategies to the strategies for adapting to these risks. At the same time, the main conclusion concerns the degree of freedom in the implementation of communication on the Internet: generation Z is not afraid to communicate freely and implement its activities on the Internet and the reform generation representatives often prefer to limit their activity.
Evaluation of blended learning effectiveness by students of different academic programmes
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Bordovskaia N. V. , Koshkina E. A. ,   Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Tikhomirova M. A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Iskhakova M. P. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2023

As modern universities actively use various models of blended learning that combine traditional and digital learning technologies, it seems necessary to find their optimal integration and develop appropriate criteria for assessing the effectiveness of such integration in achieving educational objectives. The research is aimed at identifying trends and searching for reasons for the efficient, optimal or inefficient use of educational technologies when organizing the learning process in Russian universities in a blended format. The paper presents the results of the analysis of student assessments of the efficiency of the blended learning technologies (BLT) based on the unique system of criteria and methods introduced by the authors to study such efficiency. The main research method used was a survey in which 295 students took part from various academic programmes of St. Petersburg State University and Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Respondents were asked to evaluate the efficiency of BLT according to the effective, didactic and resource criteria. Based on statistical data processing, the following conclusions are drawn: students evaluate the employed BLT as optimal; readiness and interest of teachers (according to students) in creating comfortable and favorable conditions for blended learning is quite high, despite the existing difficulties in organization and technical maintenance of the equipment at the university level. At the same time, the survey revealed heterogeneity in the assessment of each criterion and determined differences in the assessments given by the students from different academic programmes.
Mobilization model of the national economy: theoretical approaches to the formation and evaluation of prospects for implementation in contemporary Russia (literature review)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Economics, Plotnikov V. A.
Published: October 2023

The growth of economic instability and a series of shocks causing crises require an adequate response from both the scientific community and management and business practice. One of the ways to overcome difficulties associated with emergency circumstances that impede sustainable socio-economic development is to use the mobilization economics model. However, despite the fact that this phenomenon itself has been known for quite a long time, it has not been sufficiently studied. In this regard, difficulties may arise when using the mobilization economics model or its individual elements in practice. The paper presents the results of a review of modern domestic scientific literature concerning the problems of mobilization economics. The author carried out an analysis of scientific journal publications presented in the Scientific Electronic Library for the period from 2008 to 2022. As a result, a primary sample of 242 scientific papers was obtained, which, after substantial analysis, was reduced to 192 scientific papers. It has been established that until 2022, the vast majority of publications on the issues of mobilization economics considered this phenomenon, as a rule, in relation to the Soviet period of history. In other words, mobilization economics as a possible model for the institutional reorganization of the contemporary Russian economy has largely not been studied. In 2022–2023, the phenomenon of mobilization economics has received a different interpretation in scientific studies. Along with the theoretical aspect, its study has acquired a pronounced applied orientation. The possibilities of using elements of the economic mobilization model in modern Russia forced to develop under conditions of unprecedented external pressure began to be actively studied from a purely practical point of view. Studying the selected set of publications from a substantive perspective allows concluding that both theoretical and applied aspects of the problems of mobilization economics remain insufficiently studied. Therefore, one can expect increased research interest in the area under consideration.
Organization of a strategic planning system for the development of the agricultural sector of the region: methodological aspects
Authors:   Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, Kholodova M. A.
Published: October 2023

The paper considers the methodological aspects of organizing a strategic planning system for the development of the agricultural sector. The actualization of issues of organizing a strategic planning system for the agricultural sector is caused by the fact that the strategic planning system has a well-developed regulatory basis at the federal level, while there is no unified system of documents for strategic planning of industry development at the regional level. Currently, the strategic planning system does not have strategic documents related to the spatial development of regions, their agrofood complex, rural areas, and technical and technological development of agriculture. The purpose of the study is to develop methodological approaches to organizing a system of strategic planning for the development of the agricultural sector in the region. The paper analyzes a set of documents of the strategic planning system of the agricultural sector at the federal level, which is based on strategies and concepts, forecasts, and programs. The author proposes a system of documents for strategic development planning in relation to the agricultural sector of the region. The paper presents a comprehensive methodological approach to organizing a system of strategic planning for the development of the regional agricultural sector, which involves distinguishing the following main stages: strategic analysis; substantiation of the goals and objectives of spatial and sectorial development of the agricultural sector and their formalization; justification of priority sectors of agricultural production; forecasting the volume of agricultural production and agricultural sector resourcing; assessing the level of food self-sufficiency in the region and forecasting the development of the regional agrofood market. The author paid particular attention to design methods of the strategic planning system at the regional level. The procedure for selecting projects ensuring the implementation of agricultural development programs is justified. The paper proposes a procedure for selecting projects developed at the level of business entities and selected for financing based on a comprehensive assessment of their effectiveness. A comprehensive assessment of the projects’ effectiveness involves the use of criteria reflecting their budgetary, commercial and social effectiveness.
The profile physical coefficient and its application for modelling the machined surface texture
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Bobrovskij I. N.
Published: October 2023

Current trends in the development of mechanical engineering impose increasingly stringent requirements for the performance characteristics of manufactured goods. The main parameters characterizing the quality of a product as a whole are the physical, mechanical, and geometric indicators of the working surfaces of the compound units. In domestic practice, a machined surface is mainly characterized by a rather limited number of parameters (no more than 6), such as the average microroughness height, the microroughness height at 10 points, etc. However, their use is not enough to manufacture competitive products in the modern conditions. For example, international ISO/ASME/DIN standards include a much broader set of parameters required to accurately describe the performance properties of a surface. The paper analyzes the approaches to the formation of requirements for the microgeometry of the working surfaces of parts used in modern mechanical engineering. Based on the analysis, the author proposed and mathematically substantiated a general approach to modelling surface texture characteristics, which allows describing adequately the surface using a new parameter – the profile physical coefficient, since it is virtually impossible to directly compare the technologies developed in Russia with foreign analogues based on the current standards. First, the profile physical coefficient was determined at the section level. Next, it was decomposed into a Fourier series for the two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases. The paper presents the analysis of the new parameter applicability on the example of a product obtained by honing. The author concluded about the applicability of this parameter and the necessity to develop a comprehensive methodology based on it for evaluating the surface after machining.
Features of microstructure formation in the AK4-1 and AK12D aluminum alloys after their joint friction stir processing
Authors:   Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of RAS, Khalikova G. R. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Basyrova R. A. ,   Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of RAS, Trifonov V. G. ,   Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of RAS,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: October 2023

Friction stir processing is one of the modern methods of local modification of the surface of aluminum alloys in the solid-phase state, which provides the dispersion of structural components. In heat-hardened aluminum alloys with a matrix type structure, heat treatment following after friction stir processing can lead to abnormal grain growth in the stir zone. However, in alloys with the structure close to microduplex type, a fine-grained structure can be formed after friction stir processing and heat treatment. This work is aimed at evaluating the possibility of increasing the microstructure thermal stability of the AK4-1 (Al–Cu–Mg–Fe–Si–Ni) matrix-type aluminum alloy. For this purpose, AK12D (Al–Si–Cu–Ni–Mg) aluminum alloy with the structure close to microduplex type was locally mixed into the studied alloy by friction stir processing. Subsequent Т6 heat treatment was carried out according to the standard mode for the AK4-1 alloy. Studies showed that the stir zone had an elliptical shape with an onion-ring structure. This structure comprised alternating rings with different amounts and sizes of excess phases. At the same time, in the stir zone center, the width of rings and the average area of excess phases were larger compared to the stir zone periphery, where the width of rings and the average area of particles were smaller. The average area of excess phases in the rings with their higher content was smaller than in the rings with their lower content. This distribution of excess phases leads to the formation of a fine-grained microstructure, where the average size of grains depends on the interparticle distance in the α-Al solid solution.
Simulation of contact thermal resistance when designing processing equipment
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Denisenko A. F. , Podkruglyak L. Yu. ,   Samara State Technical University
Published: October 2023

Analysis of the processing equipment structures when designing according to the temperature criterion is a necessary guarantee of ensuring the required performance characteristics. The presence of a significant number of parts in the processing equipment units and mechanisms requires, when designing, the prediction of the heat flow passage through the joints. When simulating contact thermal resistance, the variety of requirements for a joint can be taken into account by introducing a pseudolayer into the contact zone. The paper presents test results of the proposed regression dependence of the temperature change when the heat flow goes through the pseudolayer obtained considering four significant factors: the pseudolayer thickness, the nominal pressure, the material yield strength, and the actual contact zone location. The adequacy of the specified regression dependence was verified experimentally and applying numerical simulation using large-block finite elements. To describe the process of heat transfer in the thermal model elements, the authors determined contact thermal resistances for several conditions for the heat flow propagation: from one finite element to another within one part; from one finite element to another located in an adjacent part; heat flow passing through closed cavities; heat flow propagation into the environment for finite elements located on the outer (free) contour of the part. The experiments showed a good agreement between the experimental data and the simulation results. The application of large-block finite elements based on the proposed contact thermal resistance model allowed bringing the FE simulation technique to engineering use without complex software.
Control of the dynamic stability of metal-cutting systems in the process of cutting based on the fractality of roughness of the machined surface
Authors:   R.E. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Kabaldin Yu. G. , Sablin P. A. ,   Komsomolsk-na-Amure State University, Schetinin V. S. ,   Komsomolsk-na-Amure State University
Published: October 2023

The problem of increasing the efficiency of mechanical treatment within modern automated production is relevant for many branches of the processing industry. This problem requires a deep study of the physical processes occurring during cutting. The urgency of the problem increases even more with the development of digital production in our country. Today, in the presence of a wide range of products, enterprises are forced to create conditions for reducing the technological cycle when manufacturing a particular product. To carry out the study, an experiment was conducted in which the U8 carbon steel was used as the processed material, and the T15K6 alloy was used as the tool material. During the experiment, the authors observed a change in the roughness of the machined surface depending on the cutting speed. The paper considers the possibility of assessing the quality of the surface layer during cutting based on fractal and neural network modeling. It is identified that the fractal dimension shows the regularity of the reproduction of the machined surface roughness during cutting. The calculated fractal dimension of the machined surface roughness correlates well with the values of the machined surface roughness (correlation coefficient is 0.8–0.9). A neural network structure has been developed, which allows controlling the machined surface quality depending on the cutting conditions. The authors studied the possibility of using neural network models to control technological systems of cutting treatment. When creating digital twins, it is proposed to take into account factors affecting the quality of the treated surface and processing performance, which are poorly accounted for in modeling, as well as when conducting full-scale experiments during machining. Such factors are wear of the cutting tool, the process of plastic deformation, and cutting dynamics.
The kinetics of L10 superstructure formation in the Cu–56Au alloy (at. %): resistometric study
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Podgorbunskaya P. O. ,   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of RAS, Zgibnev D. A. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin,   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of RAS, Gavrilova A. A. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin,   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of RAS, Novikova O. S. ,   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of RAS, Volkov A. Yu. ,   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of RAS
Published: October 2023

Due to the improved strength properties compared to the equiatomic Cu–50 at. % Au alloy, non-stoichiometric Cu–56 at. % Au alloy can be used both in dentistry and as a corrosion-resistant conductor of weak electrical signals in tool engineering. The work studies the kinetics of the disorder→order phase transformation in the Cu–56Au alloy, during which the disordered fcc lattice (A1-phase) is rearranged into an atomically ordered one with the L10 superstructure. The initial disordered state of the alloy was obtained in two ways: applying plastic deformation by 90 % or quenching at a temperature of above 600 °C (i. e., from the region of the A1-phase existence). To form the L10 superstructure, annealing was carried out at temperatures of 200, 225, and 250 °C. The annealing duration ranged from 1 h to 2 months. Resistometry was chosen as the main technique to study the kinetics of the disorder→order transformation. The temperature dependences of the electrical resistivity of the alloy in various structural states are obtained. The authors constructed the graphs of the electrical resistance dependence on the annealing time logarithm, based on which, the rate of the new phase formation was estimated. To evaluate the structural state of the alloy at various transformation stages, the authors used X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The crystal structure rearrangement during the transformation is shown by the example of splitting the initial cubic A1-phase peak (200) into two tetragonal ordered L10 phase peaks – (200) and (002). Based on the resistometry and X-ray diffraction analysis data, the authors carried out a quantitative assessment of the rate of the disorder→order phase transformation in the alloy under the study. It is established that the values of the converted volume fraction (resistometry) and the long-range order degree (X-ray diffraction analysis) are close. The study shows that in the temperature range of 200–250 °C, the rate of atomic ordering according to the L10 type in the nonstoichiometric alloy Cu–56 at. % Au is maximum at 250 °C. It is identified that the disorder→order transformation in the initially quenched specimens of the investigated alloy proceeds approximately an order of magnitude faster than in preliminarily deformed specimens.
Akademisyenlerin İş Yükü Algısının İş Doyumu Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Çelik Mazlum , Ay Gamze , Bayazıt Murat
Published: October 2023

Çalışmanın amacı, akademisyenlerin iş yükünün iş doyumu üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Akademisyenler üniversitelerde eğitim öğretim faaliyetlerinin bütününde yer almakla birlikte, yükseköğrenime devam etmekte, bilimsel çalışmalar yürütmekte ve akademik olarak ilerlemeye çalışmaktadır. Ülkelerin insan sermayesinin nitelikli olabilmesi için sürekli gelişim ve öğrenme çabasını sürdürmesi gereken bu meslek grubunun faaliyetlerini mesai saatlerinde yapabilmesi güçtür. Akademisyenlik, iş yükünün fazla olduğu bir meslek grubu olarak ifade edilebilir. Bu bağlamda akademisyenlere yüklenen iş miktarının iş tatmin düzeyini etkileme durumu araştırma konusu olmuştur. Araştırma grubu akademisyenlerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma için basit tesadüfi örneklem yöntemine göre araştırma evreninden örneklem seçilmiştir. Veriler online platform olan İstarsurvey üzerinden toplanmıştır. Araştırma hipotezleri yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile test edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda akademisyenlerin iş yükünün iş doyumu üzerinde negatif yönde etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. İş yükü düzeyinin yüksek olması iş doyumunu azaltmaktadır. Araştırma hipotezleri yeterli kanıtla desteklenerek kabul edilmiştir.
Transformations of substituted cyanoiminooctahydroquinazolines under oxidation conditions
Authors:   Saratov State University, Puzanov Daniil A. , Sklyar Anna E. ,   Saratov State University, Konenkova Marina V. ,   Saratov State University, Krivenko Adel P. ,   Saratov State University
Published: October 2023

Substituted quinazolines of various degrees of saturation and functionalization possess a wide spectrum of biological activity, in particular, anticancer activity, which predetermines the importance of obtaining new representatives of this type of compounds and studying their practically useful properties. Methods for the preparation of 2-cyanoiminoquinazolines are poorly described in the literature, while their properties and oxidation reactions have not been studied at all. We have analyzed the stability of tautomeric forms of 2-cyanoiminoquinazolines, determined the activation energy of their formation using quantum-chemical calculations, studied their transformation under the action of strong oxidants (CrO3/AcOH, NaNO2/AcOH). Selective aromatization of the azoheterocycle and hydrolysis of the -CN-group to form 2-aminocarbamoylquinazoline occurred during oxidation. An increase in temperature from 120 to 160° C (using CrO3) resulted in the formation of 2-nitrosoquinazoline. The structure of our new obtained substances was established by spectral methods (IR, 1H, 13C NMR, HSQC, NOESY), a scheme of their formation has been proposed.
Antagonistic activity of some Herbaspirillum species against phytopathogenic micromycetes
Authors:   Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms – Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Saratov Federal Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Velichko Natalya S. , Kondyurina Natalya K. ,   Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms – Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Saratov Federal Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov State University, Fedonenko Yulia P. ,   Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms – Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Saratov Federal Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov State University
Published: October 2023

A common problem of agriculture is damage from infectious plant diseases caused mainly by plant-pathogenic Alternaria, Helminthosporium, Cladosporium, and Fusarium. Fusariosis is a harmful, widespread worldwide disease caused by Fusarium species, which leads not only to a decrease in yield but also to a deterioration in its quality as a result of the accumulation of mycotoxin waste products of fungi that are hazardous to human and animal health. Biocontrol is an environm entally friendly approach to using microorganisms to control plant diseases. The use of antagonists is one of the ways to reduce the harmfulness of phytopathogens. Interest in such organisms has increased in recent decades due to the accumulation of negative consequences from the long-term use of chemical protection agents with a lack of organic fertilizers. The paper presents the results of assessing the biological activity of collection strains of bacteria of the genus Herbaspirillum with field strains of filamentous fungi of the genus Fusarium. Based on the primary screening of representatives of different species of Herbaspirillum for antagonism against natural isolates of Fusarium by the method characterizing their bio-fungicidal activity. The results of this work can be used in environmentally friendly, highly productive, and competitive biopreparations in adaptive farming, capable of controlling the Fusarium of the most important crops and activating plant defence systems.
The relational aspect of non-emotionality
Authors:   Chuvashskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet I. N. Ulyanova, Bakaeva Zhanna Yu. , Steklova Irina V. ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The article presents the relational aspect of non-emotionality as a type of cognition and scientific development of reality in particular. The focus is on non-emotional states that influence scientific activity and characterize the modern type of scientific rationality, as well as the relational concept of time. The aim of the research in this regard is to study the ontological sources of the phenomenon of non-emotionality, the conditions and relationships that lead to creative solutions. Theoretical analysis. The relational approach allows us to explore the possibilities of the mind in a state of emotionlessness both in scientific activity and in the cognitive process as a whole. Non-emotionality performs signaling and regulatory functions, which are expressed, firstly, in the fact that the absence of feelings arises in connection with the specifics of the surrounding reality or together with changes in the human body, and, secondly, unemotionality helps to overcome emerging barriers and prevents unwanted activity, that is, the regulatory mechanisms of non-emotionality can contribute to both the growth of emotionality and remove its excess right up to a complete blockage. Conclusion. The relational analysis of the phenomenon of non-emotionality reveals the possibilities of the human mind in special states of unemotionality to carry out creative activity, to get out of extreme situations when solving research problems in scientific activity.
Social justice in the philosophy of Islam
Authors:   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Muratov Alexey V.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The article discusses the view on social justice through the prism of the philosophy of Islam, the problem of its study and analysis, from the perspective of explanation and interpretation of sacred texts. The theoretical social base laid down in the Koran and the Sunnah, as well as the social model built during the reign of the four “righteous caliphs” are analyzed. To illustrate the application of the basic methods of Islamic theology to questions of social philosophy, some concrete examples are given. Theoretical analysis. The conducted comparative analysis allows us to conclude that there is a carefully developed theoretical base regulating the issues of social justice in Islam, the need to use a legitimate methodology and tools based on it in deriving certain social norms in order to avoid speculative judgments. Conclusion. The result of this study is the conclusion about the universality of the principles of social justice in the philosophy of Islam, the importance of studying its social function. In this regard the original model laid down in its primary sources is taken as a standard. As an exception to the risks of transformation caused by the influence on Muslim societies of various socio-philosophical, political and other ideas that did not come out of its foundations, it is necessary to consistently apply a certain methodology for analyzing Islamic doctrines.
The network society and the institute of education: A dimension of socio-philosophical understanding
Authors:   Saratov State University, Syusyukin Vladimir A.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The issue of the article is devoted to the study of the institution of education in the network society from the standpoint of socio-philosophical analysis. Theoretical analysis. Using various methodological approaches, it was found out that the modern institute of education undergoes serious transformations on institutional, spatial and functional levels. In the conditions of network reality education institution includes not only educational and upbringing practices but also represents one of the central socio-economic actors which sets positive dynamics of the state development in the most important strategic directions. The author of the article asserts the central place of education as an institution that generates and transmits knowledge, which is capable of becoming an epistemic base for further development of the network society. Conclusion. The author concludes on the hybrid nature of the institution of education in the network society. On the one hand, mass digitalization has set a new moral-ethical and technological system of coordinates, but on the other hand, education is still connected to the classical classroom learning, live human communication, the value foundations of each subject of education. Such a complex dual nature of the institution of education in a network society testifies to contradictory social processes, by examining which social philosophical science can critically assess modern social existence.
Emotional factors of social perception deficit in neurasthenia
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Rudenko Svetlana L.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The study is aimed at identifying emotional factors that determine the deficit of social perception in neurasthenia. Theoretical analysis. Insufficient knowledge of the phenomenology of neurasthenia and the difficulties of its differential diagnosis at the stage of pathological personality development is shown. The lack of targeted assistance to patients and their objectively rapid disability is emphasized. The hypothesis is formulated that patients with neurasthenia have a pronounced violation of social perception, determined by social anhedonia. Empirical analysis. In the group of patients with neurasthenia, in comparison with healthy subjects, there are pronounced difficulties in recognizing emotions by verbal and nonverbal manifestations, finding the necessary tone of communication and weakness of analytical abilities that allow to anticipate the dynamics of social situations. Factor analysis has shown the decisive role of emotional determinants in the development of the studied disorders – a high level of social anhedonia and associated personal, reactive anxiety and depression. Conclusion. Emotional factors form a pronounced social anhedonia that determines the formation of social perception deficit. A weak focus on the details of social situations, a tendency to attribute one’s own experiences to others determine the low level of effectiveness of social interaction, gradual withdrawal from contacts and complete social disintegration.
Psychometric сharacteristics of the “Appropriateness of professional self-determination” Scale
Authors:   Saratov State University, Smirnova Anna Yu.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The concept of appropriateness of professional self-determination is analyzed, approaches to its analysis and measurement are described. Theoretical analysis. The significance of self-assessment of appropriateness of professional self-determination as a condition of sustainability to frequent stresses and prevention of professional burnout, including emotional exhaustion and depersonalization of personnel. Еmpirical analysis. The empirical study presents the results of the validation of the “Appropriateness of professional self-determination” Scale, developed by the author of the article. The empirical research base includes 396 workers, 277 men and 119 women. The performed in the study verification of the factor structure of the Scale confirmed its two-factor structure (subscale “Compliance of personal qualities of the job`s demands” (Cronbach`s α = 0.82) and subscale “Compliance of job of personal qualities” (Cronbach`s α. = 0.63)). The factor structure of the Scale was confirmed by the results of confirmatory factor analysis (RMSEA = 0.061, CFI = 0.964, TLI = 0.906). It was found that male workers and female workers evaluate their own appropriateness of professional self-determination in the same way. Negative correlations of appropriateness of professional self-determination with professional burnout, frequency of stresses and positive correlations with job satisfaction were revealed. Conclusion. The results of the study confirm the validity of the Appropriateness of Professional self-determination Scale, contribute the theoretical reflection of professional self-determination.
Cuba: escenario demográfico de un país en vías de desarrollo con decrecimiento poblacional
Authors: González Galbán Humberto , González Galbán Diego Enrique
Published: October 2023

Un bajo nivel de fecundidad a lo largo de muchos años, sin que medien variaciones sustantivas en otras variables demográficas, condiciona, a mediano plazo, un ritmo de crecimiento poblacional muy lento o negativo, lo que desencadena o acelera, a su vez, otros procesos demográficos con repercusiones socioeconómicas y políticas, como sucede actualmente en muchos países desarrollados.En Cuba comenzó a manifestarse un decrecimiento poblacional sin antecedentes en América Latina, que debe ser evidenciado y analizado, ya que para la región en su conjunto y, en particular, para los países más avanzados en la transición demográfica, las tendencias del índice de la fecundidad cubano pueden servir, en perspectiva, como patrón de análisis o punto de reflexión y debate en torno a un hecho de implicaciones sociales de gran trascendencia potencial.
La opinión pública mexicana en el contexto postelectoral de 2006
Authors: Moreno Alejandro
Published: October 2023

En este artículo se analizan diversas posturas de la opinión pública en el contexto inmediatamente posterior a las elecciones presidenciales de 2006 en México. El objetivo es determinar los componentes individuales que influenciaron la toma de una u otra postura en diversos temas del conflicto postelectoral. Se abordan preguntas relativas a la confianza en la elección, el Tribunal Electoral, la necesidad de un recuento voto por voto y la opinión ante las movilizaciones de protesta, entre otras. Se utiliza como fuente de evidencia empírica la encuesta mexicana del Proyecto de Elecciones Nacionales Comparadas (CNEP), la cual se llevó a cabo por primera vez en México en 2006 siguiendo un diseño tipo panel de dos rondas de entrevistas, una inmediatamente antes de la elección presidencial y la otra inmediatamente después de los comicios. Los resultados destacan la importancia de las predisposiciones políticas para analizar las posturas de opinión pública en México.
Gobernanza e instituciones. Propuestas para una agenda de investigación
Authors: Valdés Ugalde Francisco
Published: October 2023

Este artículo aborda la diferencia entre los conceptos de gobernabilidad y gobernanza en ciencia política y economía. A partir de una crítica de principios básicos del enfoque neoclásico se plantean hipótesis alternativas para el estudio de la gobernanza, que incluyen, centralmente, la estructuración de las instituciones y la relación de los agentes con ellas. Con este propósito se evalúan explicaciones de las decisiones de los ciudadanos en la democracia y se valoran a la luz de su utilidad en sociedades con pronunciada desigualdad y alta heterogeneidad de preferencias.
La burocratización de las políticas sociales. La administración de programas alimentarios en la Argentina rural
Authors: Poblete Lorena
Published: October 2023

Entre 1995 y 1999, la reestructuración de la producción vitivinícola en las zonas rurales de Mendoza (Argentina) produjo la desestructuración del modelo paternalista de gestión del trabajo. El nuevo modelo instauró condiciones laborales extremadamente precarias. Los trabajadores pasaron de una pobreza conocida y controlable, a una situación de inestabilidad, en la que no podían cubrir sus necesidades básicas. La única alternativa era recurrir a la asistencia social. Sin embargo, el Estado, que no pudo prever un flujo tal de demandas, resultó incapaz de satisfacerlas. Entonces, puso en marcha un sistema burocrático de gestión de ayuda para poder gerenciar los escasos recursos disponibles. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar esa experiencia de los trabajadores rurales confrontados a un nuevo dispositivo burocrático.
Eficacia escolar y desigualdad: aportes para la política educativa
Authors: Blanco Bosco Emilio
Published: October 2023

Este artículo presenta los principales hallazgos de una investigación reciente acerca de los factores asociados a los aprendizajes en la educación primaria mexicana, con el objetivo de cuestionar algunos de los supuestos que sirven de base a las actuales propuestas de reforma educativa. Los resultados muestran que las escuelas primarias mexicanas tienen un poder reducido para incidir en los aprendizajes en comparación con los factores de tipo sociocultural; no obstante, existirían efectos positivos asociados a los recursos humanos de las escuelas, la estabilidad de los docentes en el centro de trabajo, y el clima de aula; otros factores como la gestión, el ambiente escolar y las oportunidades de aprendizaje, prácticamente no mostraron asociación con los aprendizajes. En la última sección, se discuten críticamente algunas propuestas de reforma educativa (en específico, las herederas del neoinstitucionalismo y la nueva gestión pública) a la luz de estos resultados.
La diversidad institucional del bicameralismo en América Latina
Authors: Reynoso Diego
Published: October 2023

El presente trabajo tiene como foco el estudio de las instituciones de los sistemas bicamerales de Latinoamérica, atendiendo a sus variaciones y a las posibles diferencias que éstas producen en el sistema de toma de decisión. Así, se propone identificar el potencial impacto que cada arreglo institucional tendría en las estrategias y comportamiento de los legisladores y en los diferentes aspectos de la elaboración de la política pública. Para ello se analizan diferentes características institucionales, como las reglas de selección de los legisladores, la base de representación, el tamaño de las cámaras, la duración del mandato, la renovación parcial de escaños, las atribuciones de las cámaras, los requisitos de elección y las diferentes modalidades de tratamiento de los proyecto de leyes. La muestra de países de comparación sistemática está compuesta por Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México, Paraguay y Uruguay, y se incluyen colateralmente los países antaño bicamerales: Ecuador, Nicaragua, Perú y Venezuela.
La acción gremial de los trabajadores automotrices en Argentina, desde la posdevaluación hasta la crisis actual
Authors: Guevara Sebastián
Published: October 2023

El presente artículo analiza el accionar de los trabajadores de las empresas automotrices en Argentina desde el último proceso de crecimiento de la industria hasta el inicio de la crisis actual, con el propósito de aportar al conocimiento de sus perspectivas y limitaciones frente al nuevo escenario.Desde el punto de vista de las relaciones laborales, se produjeron cambios en el empleo y el salario como producto de la reactivación —y desarrollo progresivo— de la negociación colectiva. Pero, al mismo tiempo, también prosperaron las asambleas en los lugares de trabajo, las manifestaciones públicas, las movilizaciones y las huelgas. En este contexto fue que el accionar gremial de los trabajadores automotrices recuperó su visibilidad. Sin embargo, a pesar de esta creciente movilización y sus resultados en términos de empleo y salarios, las bases de las negociaciones no parecen haberse modificado de modo sustancial. Es decir, el conjunto de condiciones flexibilizadas de compra y uso de la fuerza de trabajo se mantiene vigente. Abstract This paper analyzes the characteristics that shaped the actions of the employees of the automotive companies in Argentina during the growth process of the industry until the beginning of the current crisis, in order to contribute to knowledge of the prospects and limitations of those actions. From the viewpoint of industrial relations, changes took place at the level of employment and wages during the period of reactivation of collective bargaining. However, in this same period, assemblies in workplaces, public events, rallies and strikes proliferated. This was the context in which the actions of union auto workers became highly visible. Despite this increased mobilization and its impact in terms of employment and wages, the basis on which negotiations are carried out does not seem to have changed substantially. The patterns of flexibility in the purchase and use of the work force remains in force.
Hexágono versus árbol: casos atípicos en la organización del comercio informal en el Distrito Federal
Authors: Zaremberg Gisela
Published: October 2023

Este trabajo propone descifrar las razones de un hecho inesperado, a saber: en el contexto de organizaciones de comercio informal en vía pública en el Distrito Federal, la capital de México, conformadas generalmente en torno a liderazgos que monopolizan la representación, tres casos no siguen los patrones de verticalidad predominantes. En una muestra cualitativa de 50 organizaciones observadas (en especial en el centro de la ciudad), tres casos "extrañamente" presentan líderes que defienden genuinamente los intereses y preocupaciones de los miembros, no se mantienen en el cargo de manera indefinida y actúan siguiendo acciones de auditoría, transparencia y/o rendición de cuentas. ¿Por qué estos casos se alejan tanto del promedio? Educación, presencia de sociedad civil y construcción de reglas formales redistributivas son los argumentos desarrollados en este artículo para responder dicha pregunta.AbstractThis paper proposes to provide an explanation for a non–expected phenomenon: Only three, of fifty organizations of informal merchants, have the opposite behavior than the others. While the overwhelming majority of those organizations are characterized by a monopolization of leadership, those three show a very horizontal structure. Why are those three cases of informal organizations so different from the rest? Why are those exceptional organizations headed by leaders that genuinely defend the interests of members, do not try to perpetuate their leadership, and carry out their activities with transparency and accountability? Education, the presence of civil society and the construction of formal institutions that impact the distribution of power are the factors we look at in this paper.