bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘To conceal domination in production’: Horkheimer and Adorno’s critical functionalist theory of race
Authors: Pierce Andrew J.
Published: March 2022

This article revisits the Frankfurt School’s reflections on race, anti-Semitism and fascism, focusing especially on the theory of race implicit in Dialectic of Enlightenment. It argues that this theory has the potential to be developed into a critical functionalist theory of race that avoids both class and race reductionism, offering a thoroughly intersectional competitor to currently dominant philosophies of race. The key to such a theory is the view that racialization plays a functional role in sustaining capitalist exploitation. While Horkheimer and Adorno focus on the scapegoat function of racialization, I argue that this function, while important, does not exhaust the possible functionalities of racialization and neglects an especially crucial function: the maintenance of a specifically racial form of exploitation.
Intraoperative post-resection assessment of septal myectomy
Authors: Smedira Nicholas G
Published: March 2022

Intraoperative assessment of all cardiac structures and their function is critical to the operative planning and post-intervention assessment of septal myectomy and all operations on the left ventricular outflow tract. Using a single case study, I will share my approach to both pre- and post-intervention transesophageal echocardiography assessment and how it guides decision making.
Unsolved issues in acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Park Sung Jun , Kim Joon Bum
Published: March 2022

Surgery for acute type A aortic dissection remains challenging with considerable mortality and morbidity despite the remarkable advances in this field. Particularly, surgical outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection are known to be associated with the hospital volume. The optimal cerebral protective method and extent of surgery have been long-standing controversies in acute type A aortic dissection surgery. Given that data from randomized trial are not available and future trials are also unrealistic, observational data based on large registry or meta-analyses may alternatively provide reliable and reasonable evidence. With regard to neuroprotective methods for arch repair, currently available observational data strongly suggest that there are no overt superiority among unilateral-antegrade cerebral perfusion, bilateral-antegrade cerebral perfusion, and retrograde cerebral perfusion, by which their availabilities are still open in real clinical practices depending on institutional preferences. When deciding the extent of arch repair in acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection, multiple factors should be considered altogether such as aortic anatomic characteristics as well as patient's risk profiles for optimizing early safety and late aortic longevity.
Enhanced visualization of mobile chest X-ray images in the intensive care setting using software scatter correction
Authors: Targett Harry , Hutchinson Dominic , Hartley Richard , McWilliam Richard , Lopez Ben , Crone Ben , Bonner Stephen
Published: March 2022

Background

Mobile chest X-ray (CXR) scans are performed within intensive treatment units (ITU) without anti-scatter grids for confirming tube and line hardware placement. Assessment is therefore challenging due to degraded subject contrast resulting from scatter.

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy of a software scatter correction method (commercially named Trueview) for enhanced hardware visualization and diagnostic quality in the ITU setting.

Material and Methods

A total of 30 CXR scans were processed using Trueview and compared with standard original equipment manufacturer (OEM) images via observer scoring study involving two radiology and four ITU doctors to compare visualization of tubes and lines. Results were analyzed to determine observer preference and likelihood of diagnostic quality.

Results

Reviewers were more likely to score Trueview higher than OEM for mediastinal structures, bones, retrocardiac region, tube visibility, and tube safety ( P  < 0 .01). Visual grading characteristic analysis suggested a clinical preference for Trueview compared with OEM for mediastinal structures (area under the visual grading characteristic curve [AUCVGC] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55–0.65), bones (AUCVGC = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.55–0.66), retrocardiac region (AUCVGC = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.59–0.69), tube visibility (AUCVGC = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.60–0.70), and tube safety (AUCVGC = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.64–0.73). Reviewers were indifferent to visualization of the lung fields (AUCVGC = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.44–0.55). Registrars (3/6 reviewers) were indifferent to the mediastinal structure regions (AUCVGC = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.47–0.62).

Conclusion

Reviewers were more confident in identifying the placement and safety of tubes and lines when reviewing Trueview images than they were when reviewing OEM.
Factors Associated with Postoperative Knee Joint Line Obliquity After Medial Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Hiramatsu Kunihiko , Yamada Yuzo , Nakamura Norimasa , Mitsuoka Tomoki
Published: March 2022

Background:

There are still few reports on factors associated with postoperative knee joint line obliquity (KJLO).

Purpose:

The purpose was to determine preoperative radiographic factors that are associated with KJLO postoperatively after open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) using multivariable linear regression analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 60 patients with 65 varus knees who underwent OWHTO between December 2012 and June 2018 at a single institution were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The authors evaluated radiologic parameters including the weightbearing line ratio, femorotibial angle, medial proximal tibial angle, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), lateral distal tibial angle, joint line convergence angle (JLCA), KJLO, and ankle joint obliquity. They also categorized these radiographic parameters as preoperative and postoperative and calculated the difference (Δ) between preoperative and postoperative values. To determine which of the radiographic parameters were most associated with postoperative KJLO, multivariable linear regression analysis was performed using the stepwise method. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relative contribution of the preoperative radiographic parameters to an abnormal postoperative KJLO (>4°).

Results:

In the multivariable linear regression analysis, the preoperative LDFA and JLCA showed a statistically significant correlation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the mean preoperative LDFA was significantly larger in the group with abnormal KJLO than in the group with the control group (odds ratio, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.12-3.02; P = .02), while preoperative JLCA tended to be larger in the abnormal KJLO group than the control group but not statistically significantly different.

Conclusion:

KJLO after OWHTO was associated with preoperative LDFA and JLCA in multivariable linear regression analysis, and preoperative LDFA was the most important factor associated with abnormal KJLO after OWHTO in multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Dental Abnormalities in Immature Dogs with a History of Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Castejon-Gonzalez Ana C. , Reiter Alexander M.
Published: March 2022

This study was performed to report the dental abnormalities encountered in immature dogs with a history of mandibular fracture. Dogs were included in the study if mandibular fractures were diagnosed by means of oral examination and diagnostic imaging, they were treated with non-invasive or minimally invasive methods, and there was a follow-up examination of at least 90 days after the initial presentation with the last follow-up visit occurring at 6 months of age or older. Eleven dogs met the inclusion criteria. Dental abnormalities occurred exclusively in those dogs that had sustained fracture of the mandibular body or fracture at the transition of mandibular body and mandibular ramus. A high number of developing permanent teeth located in or near the mandibular fracture were affected (73.5%). The most common dental abnormalities were failure of eruption or partial eruption (29.0%), resorption (22.6%), abnormal shape (19.4%), and enamel hypoplasia (16.1%). The majority of deciduous teeth (64.3%) in or near the mandibular fracture exfoliated uneventfully. Ten out of 11 dogs needed a surgical procedure to treat dental abnormalities after mandibular fracture healing. The development of the tooth germs located in or near a mandibular fracture is frequently affected. Radiographic evaluation of the area of trauma is recommended until eruption and full development of the teeth are completed.
Pelvic deep venous thrombosis mimicking lower limb cellulitis in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Wang Chrong-Reen , Lee Cheng-Han
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a complex clinical scenario with thromboembolic events, lupus activity, and related therapeutic complications like infection. In SLE, iliofemoral (IF) deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with fever and erythematous swollen limbs mimic cellulitis over lower extremities. Nevertheless, to distinguish DVT from cellulitis is imperative in clinical practice due to the use of different therapeutic regimens.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed to analyze iliofemoral DVT in hospitalized SLE-associated APS patients with fever and erythematous swollen limbs mimicking cellulitis from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020.

Results

Among 896 hospitalized SLE patients, 117 were associated with APS. Three patients had pelvic IF DVT with total vascular occlusion, presenting as fever and erythematous swollen limbs mimicking cellulitis. Despite negative duplex sonographic findings, IF thrombi were demonstrated by using computed tomography and/or catheter venography. Owing to refractory to unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin injection, all received the thrombolytic treatment. Complete resolution of thrombi without recurrent DVT and post-thrombotic syndrome was identified in two patients receiving pharmacomechanical thrombectomy or catheter-directed thrombolysis.

Conclusions

For differential diagnosis of IF DVT and lower limb cellulitis in SLE-associated APS, our case series underlines the importance of venography to detect an unusual pelvic location of thrombi.
Ruminating on the past may be bad for you, or is it? Implications of past negative time perspective on job-related stress
Authors: Glazer Sharon , Serrer Laina N , Ion Andrei
Published: March 2022

Past negative time perspective (PNTP), characterized by rumination on painful past experiences, is generally considered harmful to a person’s well-being. However, there is reason to suspect that a PNTP may not make matters worse if a high PNTP is consistent with culture, as in the case of India. Drawing on the person–culture matching hypothesis, we test the moderating effects of PNTP on the relationship between role stressors and both psychological strain and organizational outcomes among Indian employees in India ( n = 253). Two smaller comparison groups of Asian Indians and US-born Americans in the USA were also evaluated to anchor the understanding of the Indians’ score on PNTP. This comparison is particularly important given that pressures of globalization on India’s culture have created a sustained sense of uncertainty for Indians. Results indicate that the mean score on PNTP is greater for Indians than for US-born Americans ( n = 56) and US-Indians ( n = 69). Furthermore, having a low PNTP intensified the adverse outcomes due to stressors, whereas a high PNTP had no further impact. Findings suggest that although having an overall PNTP is not ideal, not reflecting on past negative events to cope with current stressors could also be problematic within the Indian context where PNTP is normative. Thus, in a PNTP country, a person’s high PNTP has no more adverse effect as stressors increase.
Cutaneous spindle cell tumors with features of peripheral nerve sheath tumors and concurrent cardiac involvement: neurofibromatosis type 1–like presentation in a Labrador Retriever dog
Authors: Castiglioni Vittoria , Caielli Carla , Guenzi Giambattista , Sacchini Federico
Published: March 2022

An 8-y-old intact male Labrador Retriever dog developed cutaneous masses over the entire body. On histologic evaluation, the masses were composed of bundles of fusiform neoplastic cells arranged around adnexa, with mild atypia and no mitoses, consistent with peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs). Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and S100, confirming their perineurial origin. The dog was euthanized because of deteriorating clinical signs. In addition to the cutaneous masses, a cardiac mass was identified at postmortem examination. The histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of the cardiac mass were similar to those of the cutaneous masses. To our knowledge, the combination of multiple cutaneous masses with features of PNSTs and a concurrent cardiac lesion has not been reported previously in a dog. We suggest “neurofibromatosis type 1–like” presentation for this unique combination of cutaneous and cardiac masses. Further studies are required to investigate the etiopathogenesis of this condition and explore its genetic background.
Total Ankle Replacement Provides Symmetrical Postoperative Kinematics: A Biplane Fluoroscopy Imaging Study
Authors: Lenz Amy L. , Lisonbee Rich J. , Peterson Andrew C. , Roach Koren E. , Foreman K. Bo , Barg Alexej , Anderson Andrew E.
Published: March 2022

Background:

In vivo measurements of tibiotalar and subtalar joint motion following TAR are unavailable. Using biplane fluoroscopy, we tested the hypothesis that the prosthetic tibiotalar joint and adjacent subtalar joint would demonstrate kinematic and range of motion differences compared to the contralateral untreated limb, and control participants.

Methods:

Six patients of 41 identified candidates that all underwent unilateral Zimmer TAR (5.4 ± 1.9 years prior) and 6 control participants were imaged with biplane fluoroscopy during overground walking and a double heel-rise activity. Computed tomography scans were acquired; images were segmented and processed to serve as input for model-based tracking of the biplane fluoroscopy data. Measurements included tibiotalar and subtalar kinematics for the TAR, untreated contralateral, and control limbs. Statistical parametric mapping quantified differences in kinematics throughout overground walking and the double heel-rise activity.

Results:

Patients with this TAR performed walking and heel-rise activities symmetrically with no significant kinematic differences at the tibiotalar and subtalar joints between limbs. Compared to control participants, patients exhibited reduced dorsi/plantarflexion range of motion that corresponded to decreased peak dorsiflexion, but only in the late stance phase of walking. This reduction in tibiotalar dorsi/plantarflexion range of motion in the TAR group became more apparent with double heel-rise activity.

Conclusion:

Patients with a Zimmer TAR had symmetric kinematics during activities of walking and double heel-rise, but they did exhibit minor compensations in tibiotalar kinematics as compared to controls.

Clinical Relevance:

The lack of significant kinematic compensation at the subtalar joint may explain why secondary subtalar osteoarthritis is reported as being relatively uncommon in patients with some TAR designs.
Robust event-triggered finite-time control of faulty networked flexible manipulator under external disturbance
Authors: Jani Farzaneh , Hashemzadeh Farzad , Baradarannia Mahdi , Kharrati Hamed
Published: March 2022

In this paper, finite-time contractive stability analysis and observer-based H ∞ fault tolerant control problem is discussed for a networked single-link flexible manipulator subject to external disturbance, actuator, and sensor faults. The variable delay is considered in both sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator channels. In order to conserve the network resources and avoid Zeno phenomenon, the sampled-data-based event-triggered scheme is employed, which only requires the system states in discrete instants. The nonlinear unknown input observer is first designed to achieve the estimation of the system states and faults simultaneously. To reduce the conservatism of designing procedure, the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional approach is used, which includes the information of the lower and upper bounds of variable data transmission delay. Then, sufficient delay dependent conditions are derived and an observer-based feedback control law and observer gains are computed by a set of linear matrix inequalities to realize that the augmented system is finite-time contractive stable and the states of the system remain within a specified threshold during a fixed time interval, which is smaller than the initial state bound. Furthermore, the prescribed H ∞ performance is satisfied in the presence of external disturbance. At last, simulation results are given to confirm the validity of the presented approach.
Prospective evaluation of the Animal Trauma Triage Score and Modified Glasgow Coma Scale in 25 cats with high-rise syndrome
Authors: Girol-Piner Ana Miriam , Moreno-Torres Matías , Herrería-Bustillo Vicente J
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the prognostic utility of the Animal Trauma Triage Score (ATTS) and Modified Glasgow Coma Scale (MGCS) in cats with high-rise syndrome.

Methods

ATTS and MGCS were obtained upon arrival from 25 client-owned cats presented for high-rise syndrome. Cases were followed during hospitalisation and several variables, including outcome, were recorded.

Results

The mortality rate in this cohort of cats with high-rise syndrome was 16%. Univariate statistical analysis showed that lactate ( P = 0.022), creatinine ( P = 0.01), body weight ( P = 0.036) and ATTS ( P = 0.02) were higher and MGCS ( P = 0.011) lower among non-survivors. Multivariable statistical analysis showed that ATTS was the only factor significantly associated with mortality (odds ratio 2.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–5.71; P = 0.046). A receiver operating characteristics curve showed that ATTS was an excellent predictor of mortality (area under the curve 0.917, 95% CI 0.8–1.0; P = 0.009). An ATTS cut-off of 6.0 had a 75% sensitivity and 90% specificity for non-survival and a cut-off of 10 had a 25% sensitivity and 100% specificity for non-survival.

Conclusions and relevance

ATTS is predictive of severity and outcome in cats with high-rise syndrome and can help facilitate decision-making by owners and veterinarians.
Effects of a two-stage physical education teacher education programme on preservice teachers’ specialised content knowledge and students’ game-play in a student-centred Sport Education-Step Game approach
Authors: Farias Cláudio , Teixeira Joaquim , Ribeiro Eugénio , Mesquita Isabel
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to examine the effects of a physical education teacher education programme on (a) preservice teachers’ (PSTs') specialised content knowledge (SCK), and (b) the game-play development of their students, during a student-centred Sport Education-Step Game Approach (SE-SGA) unit. Three PSTs selected by convenience sampling (22–24 years old), their 60 eighth-grade students (three classes: 38 boys, 22 girls, Mage = 13.3), and a mentoring team (one teacher educator, one university supervisor, and one cooperating teacher) participated in the study. The PSTs participated in a two-stage programme where they learned how to teach volleyball using SE-SGA, and then implemented an SE-SGA unit during their school placement. Using audio/video data from 30 lessons, we examined PSTs' SCK (content development, depth of content knowledge) on a lesson-by-lesson basis. We also assessed the 2v2 game-play performance of PSTs’ students across three assessment points. Descriptive statistics were computed for SCK scores and repeated measures analysis of variances were used to analyse variance in game-play variables over time. Results showed improvement in PSTs’ SCK and students’ game-play. The PSTs showed strong SCK, with index levels above the 3.0 cut point, and progressive use of informing, refining, and applying-game tasks over time. Students improved in most game-play variables (namely ‘serve’, ‘reception’, ‘setting’) and the ‘game performance index’ over time. Student game-play development seemed to be strongly influenced by an interdependent interaction between PSTs’ SCK and additional situated, model-based features of content development (i.e. extensive application of knowledge in competition events, the problem-solving focus of the refining tasks).
The curriculum took a back seat to huff and puff: Teaching high school health and physical education during Covid-19
Authors: Cruickshank Vaughan , Pill Shane , Mainsbridge Casey
Published: March 2022

This study examined secondary (high) school teachers’ experiences of online delivery of health and physical education (HPE) during Covid-19 suppression measures in one Australian state in 2020. Research has noted the use of blended learning and flipped classrooms in HPE, yet little is known about the delivery of fully online school HPE. Semi-structured interviews occurred with eight high school HPE specialist teachers, providing qualitative data for analysis. The analysis of teachers’ experiences indicated that in most cases HPE did not happen; rather, physical activity provision was initiated, or HPE was marginalised to a movement break between subjects with perceived higher status and priority. Additionally, teachers found that providing HPE online was challenging, and struggled to connect with, engage and provide equitable opportunities for their students online. The results showed that the move to online provision of HPE resulted in diminished educative purpose.
Telenursing: How do caregivers treat and prevent pressure injury in bedridden patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand? Using an embedded approach
Authors: Mamom Jinpitcha , Daovisan Hanvedes
Published: March 2022

Objective

To evaluate telenursing for caregivers (CGs) to treat and prevent pressure injury (PI) in bedridden patients (BPs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand.

Methods

Purposive sampling of 70 CGs [intervention group (i-group): n = 35 and control group (c-group): n = 35)] using an embedded approach was conducted from August 2020 to February 2021. The QUAN data were concurrently collected via online semi-structured interviews (OSIs) and video in-depth interviews (VIIs), then analysed using multivariate analysis of variance and thematic analysis.

Results

The QUAN data showed that CGs treating and preventing PI in BPs has a significant and positive effect ( p < 0.01). The qual data illustrates that telenursing for CGs treating and preventing PI in BPs is associated with training and education, skin cleaning, repositioning, monitoring, and assessment of PI during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion and implications

Telenursing for CGs treating and preventing PI in BPs is valuable to the professional consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telenursing can reduce the CG burden, instructing them how to visually examine, clean, monitor, and risk assess the skin of BPs to prevent PIs.
Believe it and/or not: Opening up to ontological pluralities in Northern Thailand
Authors: Aulino Felicity
Published: March 2022

In this article, I argue that the study of belief in anthropology generally connotes an “either/or” dichotomy—either one believes something or one does not—which exceeds the concept of belief and stems from monotheistic and totalizing biases rampant throughout the discipline. Thus, I take up John Mair's recent call to study cultures of belief in relation to cosmo- and pluriverse politics. Drawing on a Pali philosophical lineage, I list overlapping ways people invoke belief and believing in northern Thailand. I then argue that a local kaleidoscopic theory of mind, in step with this logic of listing, can provide inroads to patterns, modes, and styles of belief inaccessible within prevailing anthropological paradigms. By playing with academic form as well as the somewhat out of fashion concept of belief, I highlight a particular sense of karmic contingency and related assumptions about multiplicity—of perspectives and of realities. This study of belief in turn serves at once to underscore pluralities as experienced in northern Thai contexts, to suggest such possibilities elsewhere, and to draw attention to the consequential limitations placed on conceptual landscapes by the underlying ontological assumptions of dominant forms of western knowledge production.
City Power in the Age of Silicon Valley: Evaluating Municipal Regulatory Response to the Entry of Uber to the American City
Authors: Wolf Andrew
Published: March 2022

This article recasts the debate over the employment status of gig economy workers as a question about the power of municipal governance. Gig employers are challenging urban regulatory regimes through their disavowal of an employment relationship and their refusal to obtain taxi licenses. As the recent literature argues, there has been a resurgence of municipal power driven by a labor-antipoverty coalition. One might view the gig economy’s independent contractor model as an attempt to circumvent this power. Analyzing the case of gig taxi companies like Uber, this article tracks the response of U.S. cities to a business model predicated on ignoring their regulations. Utilizing original data, this study investigates urban regulatory responses to Uber through descriptive statistics and multivariate modeling. The findings show that almost half of cities failed to regulate. Those that took action had historically greater levels of regulation and faced driver protests—a sign of a stronger labor-antipoverty coalition. Additional evidence indicates a learning effect in which cities became more likely to regulate over time. The article ends with a discussion of how workers and unions are responding to this challenge.
Sexual Violence Against Men in Conflict and Post-Conflict Settings: A Qualitative Research Methodology
Authors: Olaluwoye Tosin , Hoban Elizabeth , Connors Phil , Williams Joanne
Published: March 2022

Sexual violence against men in conflict and post-conflict settings is under-researched. Men’s reluctance to talk about their experiences in conflict and post-conflict settings has contributed to the subject being a difficult area of inquiry. This article describes the research design and the strategies employed by the first author, who conducted qualitative research with South Sudanese male refugees who were survivors of sexual violence and have resettled in two communities in Uganda since the onset of the 2013 South Sudan conflict. The qualitative research is a part of a mixed-method program of research for the first author’s doctoral research that focused on sexual violence perpetrated against men in conflict and post-conflict settings. Based on the learnings during the fieldwork in this complex research setting and by drawing on best practices in qualitative research, this article proposes guidelines that can assist researchers who conduct qualitative research with vulnerable populations (across multiple disciplines) on sensitive topics such as sexual violence. The guidelines include five key steps: spending time in the community before participant recruitment and data collection, fostering a trust relationship with stakeholders, using appropriate gatekeepers, making participants feel at ease throughout the research, and using the snowballing sampling technique. The key steps are interdependent and can be adapted to suit the research context. These guidelines can be useful across multiple disciplines and subject areas.
Aerodynamic drag reduction for a truck model using DBD plasma actuators
Authors: Wang Chin-Cheng , Wen Ching-Po
Published: March 2022

In this study, the effect of DBD plasma actuator based active flow control for a truck model was investigated. Two different electrode shapes which are linear and comb-shaped plasma actuators, are considered. The two DBD plasma actuators are placed at the leading edge or the trailing edge of the trailer, respectively. First, the drag reduction for the DBD plasma actuators at input voltages varying from 6 to 14 kVpp are compared. At a Reynolds number of 25,000, the maximum drag reduction using three comb-shaped plasma actuators at the trailing edge of the trailer is 8.7%, while the maximum drag reduction of three linear plasma actuators is approximately 6%. Then flow visualization behind the truck is performed. At a Reynolds number of 3500 and an input voltage of 14 kVpp, the results show that three comb-shaped plasma actuators installed at the trailing edge of the trailer produce a significant reduction in the wake region. In addition, the PIV measurement is used to quantize the flow field. It is observed that comb-shaped plasma actuators change the slope of the wake region more significantly than using linear plasma actuators. Therefore, this study shows that the use of DBD plasma actuators qualitatively and quantitatively reduces aerodynamic drag.
Ethical considerations in social media analytics in the context of migration: lessons learned from a Horizon 2020 project
Authors: Mahoney Jamie , Le Louvier Kahina , Lawson Shaun , Bertel Diotima , Ambrosetti Elena
Published: March 2022

The ubiquitous use of social platforms across the globe makes them attractive options for investigating social phenomena including migration. However, the use of social media data raises several crucial ethical issues around the areas of informed consent, anonymity and profiling of individuals, which are particularly sensitive when looking at a population such as migrants, which is often considered as ‘vulnerable’. In this paper, we discuss how the opportunities and challenges related to social media research in the context of migration impact on the development of large-scale scientific projects. Building on the EU-funded research project PERCEPTIONS, we explore the concrete challenges experienced in such projects regarding profiling, informed consent, bias, data sharing and ethical approval procedures, as well as the strategies used to mitigate them. We draw from lessons learned in this project to discuss implications and recommendations to researchers, funders and university ethics review panels. This paper contributes to the growing discussion on the ethical challenges associated with big social data research projects on migration by highlighting concrete aspects stakeholders should be looking for and questioning when involved in such large-scale scientific projects where collaboration, data sharing and transformation and practicalities are of importance.
On the relationship between individual differences in motives and motor performance
Authors: Müller Florian , Cañal-Bruland Rouwen
Published: March 2022

Motor performance is characterized by individual differences. Motive research posits that individual differences in motives (achievement, affiliation, power) predict what types of incentives individuals experience as motivating. It follows that in order to incentivize and optimize performance, models explaining determinants of such differences are integral to design appropriate interventions or training settings. Therefore, in the current study, we tested the utility of a motive-based approach in explaining motor performance differences in a competitive sports context. Specifically, we trained and assessed sport science students’ performance in a series of motor tasks (i.e., darts, beanbag throwing, golf putting) in small groups. Beforehand, students’ motives were assessed employing both projective and self-report measures. As hypothesized, students’ projectively measured power motive (and to a lesser extent achievement motive) showed a positive relationship to motor performance. In contrast, none of the self-reported motives were related to performance. These findings highlight the utility of the achievement and power motive in explaining individual differences in motor performance and suggest feasible intervention and training strategies.
Analysis of match report indicators in men's volleyball Olympics and world championships (2014–2021) depending on the type of final score
Authors: Giatsis George , Drikos Sotirios , Lola Afroditi
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the match and technical indicators between winning and losing teams in the Olympics and World Championships (2016–2021) depending on the final score of the matches. A total of 273 volleyball match reports were analyzed from the Men's Olympics (2016 and 2021) and World Championships (2014–2018). Discriminant function analysis determined which skill(s) contributed significantly to winning in matches with various score types. This study showed that for 3- and 4-set matches attack was the best predictor for team's success, while block and serve had also meaningful contribution. In 5-set matches serve and block points were the main predictors of a team's success. The results on the importance of scoring skills highlight the necessity of sustained trainability of all match actions, not favoring one, such as attack, too much. The essential for this balance is confirmed by the fact that teams do not increase their probability of winning a match by success only in attack, but also in the other terminal actions such as serve and block.
Artistic Production and (Re)production: Youth Arts Programmes as Enablers of Common Cultural Dispositions
Authors: Howard Frances
Published: March 2022

Whilst the position of young people as arts consumers has been highly critiqued, the opportunities for young people to be celebrated as entrepreneurial and subcultural arts producers are often overlooked. This article explores the role of young people as agents of creation through arts programmes and the development of ‘common cultural dispositions.’ The framework – Artistic Production and (re)production – draws on and combines analytical insights and theoretical concepts from Paul Willis and Pierre Bourdieu in order to argue that young people both consume and produce artistic practices, which then leads to a reproduced social hierarchy. This combination gives additional insight into culturally reproductive cycles, which remain problematically entrenched with social class disadvantage. An ethnographic methodology is reported, which enabled an in-depth exploration of everyday creativity, self-efficacy, self-identity, and forms of resistance for the young people in this study. However, I argue that whilst Artistic Production offers hopes of transformation, in particular for working-class and marginalised groups, ‘positional suffering’ and unconscious mechanisms of reproduction were also apparent.
Framing Climate Change in the 5th Estate: Comparing Online Advocacy and Denial Webpages and Their Engagement
Authors: Xu Zhan , Atkin David J.
Published: March 2022

Debates about anthropogenic climate change grew increasingly polarized as online channels emerged as primary news sources. This raises the question of how online media shape the perceived salience of climate change issues. Guided by agenda-setting theory and framing theory, this study utilized topic modeling to examine online climate change advocacy and denial webpages posted from 2007–2019. Engagement with media agendas, public agendas, and framing related to climate change were examined. Advocacy webpages were more engaging than denial webpages. The more frequently that a climate change topical frame was covered by online media, the more likely it would be engaged on social media (SM). Climate change topical frames differed in their ability to engage SM users. Several competing climate change advocacy and denial topical frames differed significantly in SM engagement. Results can help researchers to design effective climate change campaigns as well as develop programs to track and combat online misinformation.
Women’s Experiences of Physical Features in a Specially Designed Birthing Room: A Mixed-Methods Study in Sweden
Authors: Skogström Lisa Björnson , Vithal Emma , Wijk Helle , Lindahl Göran , Berg Marie
Published: March 2022

Aim:

To explore women’s experiences of physical features in a birthing room designed to be adaptable to personal wishes and needs during labor and birth.

Background:

Childbirth is a central life event influenced by numerous factors, including the healthcare environment; however, there is insufficient knowledge on how the physical design affects women during birth.

Methods:

This study was part of a randomized controlled trial in the Room4Birth research project, including women randomized to receive care in a new birthing room designed with physical features changeable according to personal wishes. Data consisted of responses to two questions analyzed with descriptive statistics ( n = 202) and semi-structured interviews analyzed for content ( n = 19).

Results:

A total of 93.6% ( n = 189) assessed the physical features in the birthing room as meaningful to a very high or high extent. The overall impression of the room was positive and exceeded women’s expectations. They felt welcomed and strengthened by the room, which shifted the focus to a more positive emotional state. The room differed from traditional hospital birthing rooms, contained familiar features that maintained integrity, and had space for companions. The variety of physical features was appreciated. Of nine listed physical features, the bathtub was ranked most important, followed by the projection of nature scenery, and dimmable lighting, but the room as a whole appeared most important.

Conclusions:

When planning and designing hospital-based birthing rooms, it is crucial to offer possibilities to adapt the room and physical features according to personal wishes.
Seeing Sounds: The Role of Vowels and Consonants in Crossmodal Correspondences
Authors: Shen Yang-Chen , Chen Yi-Chuan , Huang Pi-Chun
Published: March 2022

Crossmodal correspondences refer to the fact that certain domains of features in different sensory modalities are associated with each other. Here, we investigated the crossmodal correspondences between speech sounds and visual shapes. Specifically, we tested whether the classification dimensions of English vowels (front–central–back) and consonants (voiced–voiceless, sonorant–obstruent, and stop–continuant) correspond to visual shapes along a bipolar rounded–angular dimension. We adapted eighteen meaningless pseudowords from a previous study that corresponded to either the round or the sharp concept. On each trial, the participants heard one of the pseudowords and saw a rounded shape and an angular shape presented side-by-side on the monitor. Participants judged which shape provided a better match to the spoken pseudoword. A logistic regression was conducted in order to elucidate the effectiveness of classification dimensions of phonemes when predicting variations in the sound–shape matchings. The results demonstrated that the sound–shape matchings were predictable using front–central–back dimensions of vowels, and voiced–voiceless and stop–continuant dimensions of consonants. Hence, we verified that sound–shape matching is underpinned by contrasting dimensions in both vowels and consonants, therefore demonstrating crossmodal correspondences at the phonetic level.
Extracellular vesicles delivering nuclear factor I/C for hard tissue engineering: Treatment of apical periodontitis and dentin regeneration
Authors: Yang Shengyan , Liu Qing , Chen Shijing , Zhang Fuping , Li Yaoyin , Fan Wenguo , Mai Lijia , He Hongwen , Huang Fang
Published: March 2022

Apical periodontitis (AP) causes arrest of tooth root development, which is associated with impaired odontoblastic differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we investigated roles of extracellular vesicle (EV) in AP and odontoblastic differentiation of SCAPs, moreover, a novel nuclear factor I/C (NFIC)-encapsulated EV was developed to promote dentin regeneration. We detected a higher expression of EV marker CD63 in inflamed apical papilla, and found that EVs from LPS-stimulated dental pulp cells suppressed odontoblastic differentiation of SCAPs through downregulating NFIC. Furthermore, we successfully constructed the NFIC-encapsulated EV by overexpressing NFIC in HEK293FT cells, which could upregulate cellular NFIC level in SCAPs, promoting the proliferation and migration of SCAPs, as well as dentinogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, based on pathological roles of EV in AP, our study provides a novel strategy for dentin regeneration by exploiting EV to deliver NFIC.
Can psilocybin be safely administered under medical supervision? A systematic review of adverse event reporting in clinical trials
Authors: Roscoe Jeremy , Lozy Olivia
Published: March 2022

This systematic review investigates whether clinical trials of psilocybin support criterion number three of the drug's schedule I designation: There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision. Data were collected by using the PubMed database and conducting a search on November 24, 2021, with the search term psilocybin and applying the clinical trial filter. Only primary reports on the sole administration of psilocybin by a medical professional were included for analysis, excluding trials wherein psilocybin was not administered, trials wherein psilocybin was exclusively co-administered with other drugs, articles that were not clinical trials, and articles that were repeat analyses of already included trials. 52 included publications were closely examined for reports of adverse events, drug tolerability, and drug safety. Zero of these articles reported psilocybin to be unsafe, while 27 of the included trials suggested that psilocybin is safe to administer under proper medical supervision.
Phishing simulation exercise in a large hospital: A case study
Authors: Rizzoni Fabio , Magalini Sabina , Casaroli Alessandra , Mari Pasquale , Dixon Matt , Coventry Lynne
Published: March 2022

Background

Phishing is a major threat to the data and infrastructure of healthcare organizations and many cyberattacks utilize this socially engineered pathway. Phishing simulation is used to identify weaknesses and risks in the human defences of organizations. There are many factors influencing the difficulty of detecting a phishing email including fatigue and the nature of the deceptive message.

Method

A major Italian Hospital with over 6000 healthcare staff performed a phishing simulation as part of its annual training and risk assessment. Three campaigns were launched at approx. 4-month intervals, to compare staff reaction to a general phishing email and a customized one.

Results

The results show that customization of phishing emails makes them much more likely to be acted on. In the first campaign, 64% of staff did not open the general phish, significantly more than the 38% that did not open the custom phish. A significant difference was also found for the click rate, with significantly more staff clicking on the custom phish. However, the campaigns could not be run as intended, due to issues raised within the organization.

Conclusions

Phishing simulation is useful but not without its limitations. It requires contextual knowledge, skill and experience to ensure that it is effective. The exercise raised many issues within the Hospital. Successful, ethical phishing simulations require coordination across the organization, precise timing and lack of staff awareness. This can be complex to coordinate. Misleading messages containing false threats or promises can cause a backlash from staff and unions. The effectiveness of the message is dependent on the personalization of the message to current, local events. The lessons learned can be useful for other hospitals.
Public opinion of the Irish “COVID Tracker” digital contact tracing App: A national survey
Authors: O’Callaghan Michael E , Abbas Manzar , Buckley Jim , Fitzgerald Brian , Johnson Kevin , Laffey John , McNicholas Bairbre , Nuseibeh Bashar , O’Keeffe Derek , Beecham Sarah , Razzaq Abdul , Rekanar Kaavya , Richardson Ita , Simpkin Andrew , O’Connell James , Storni Cristiano , Tsvyatkova Damyanka , Walsh Jane , Welsh Thomas , Glynn Liam G
Published: March 2022

Objective

This study aims to gather public opinion on the Irish “COVID Tracker” digital contact tracing (DCT) App, with particular focus on App usage, usability, usefulness, technological issues encountered, and potential changes to the App.

Methods

A 35-item online questionnaire was deployed for 10 days in October 2020, 3 months after the launch of the Irish DCT App.

Results

A total of 2889 completed responses were recorded, with 2553 (88%) respondents currently using the App. Although four in five users felt the App is easy to download, is easy to use and looks professional, 615 users (22%) felt it had slowed down their phone, and 757 (28%) felt it had a negative effect on battery life. Seventy-nine percent of respondents reported the App's main function is to aid contact tracing. Inclusion of national COVID-19 trends is a useful ancillary function according to 87% of respondents, and there was an appetite for more granular local data. Overall, 1265 (44%) respondents believed the App is helping the national effort, while 1089 (38%) were unsure.

Conclusions

DCT Apps may potentially augment traditional contact tracing methods. Despite some reports of negative effects on phone performance, just 7% of users who have tried the App have deleted it. Ancillary functionality, such as up-to-date regional COVID-19, may encourage DCT App use. This study describes general positivity toward the Irish COVID Tracker App among users but also highlights the need for transparency on effectiveness of App-enabled contact tracing and for study of non-users to better establish barriers to use.
Racial Disparities in the Wake of Cannabis Legalization: Documenting Persistence and Change
Authors: Willits Dale W. , Solensten Brittany , Meize Mikala , Stohr Mary K. , Makin David A. , Hemmens Craig , Stanton Duane L. , Lovrich Nicholas P.
Published: March 2022

One of the arguments in support of the legalization of cannabis is that it would help alleviate racial disparities in the criminal justice system. Using UCR data from Colorado and Washington, we explore trends in cannabis arrests disaggregated by rates using interrupted time-series analysis, linear mixed models, and data visualizations. The results demonstrate a general decline in cannabis arrests for nearly all racial groups, yet these declines were not consistent across racial groups or even across states. Moreover, substantial racial disparities persist following legalization, especially in Colorado. Overall, evidence suggests that while legalization has likely had a net positive effect on overrepresented populations by decreasing criminal justice contact, it is not a panacea and may only be minimally important for addressing disparities.