bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous C-arm-guided Wide Bore Needle Biopsy for Intraosseous Spinal Lesions
Authors: Basu Saumyajit , Tikoo Agnivesh , Malik Farid H , Ghosh Jay Deep , Jain Mantu , Sarangi Trinanjan
Published: February 2015

Study design

Retrospective analysis of data of those patients who underwent a percutaneous transpedicular biopsy at our hospital was done. All patients had a bony lesion in a vertebra (thoracic, lumbar, sacrum) without a soft tissue component around the bone and neurodeficit.

Objective

To analyze the role of percutaneous wide bore needle biopsy in vertebral lesions without any soft tissue component.

Summary of background data

Adequate treatment of spinal lesions requires formulation of diagnosis-best achieved by a tissue biopsy when all attempts at diagnosis fail by noninvasive methods. Percutaneous CT guided fine needle biopsy is technically difficult in intraosseous lesions leading to frequent inconclusive results and hence the necessity of wide bore needle biopsy.

Materials and methods

Retrospective analysis of data of 26 patients with mean age of 58.8 years who underwent a percutaneous transpedicular biopsy at our hospital was done. All patients had a bony lesion in a vertebra (thoracic, lumbar, saccrum) without a soft tissue component around the bone and neurodeficit. The procedure was done under local anesthesia with sedation.

Results

Positive diagnosis was achieved in 23 out of 26, i.e. 88.4% of cases (adequacy). Out of 26, there were 13 cases of malignancy (50%), 8 cases of tuberculosis (30.7%), 2 cases of osteoporosis (7.6%) and biopsy was inconclusive in 3 (11.5%) cases. Of the 13 malignancies, 7 cases were of metastasis (53.8%), 5 cases of plasmocytoma (38.4%) and 1 case of lymphoma (7.6%).

Conclusion

Percutaneous biopsy under fluoroscopic guidance by transpedicular approach is quite safe and gives high adequacy (88.4%) without significant complications that are associated with open and paraspinal techniques.

How to cite this article

Basu S, Tikoo A, Malik FH, Ghosh JD, Jain M, Sarangi T. Percutaneous C-arm-guided Wide Bore Needle Biopsy for Intraosseous Spinal Lesions. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(1):5-9.
Prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis and Its Correlation in Women of Rural and Urban Parts of Hoshiarpur (Punjab)
Authors: Singh Amarjeet , Kaur Rajvir , Sharma Vijay Lakshami
Published: February 2015

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of enormous disability in both the developed and developing world. The worldwide prevalence estimate for symptomatic OA is 9.6% among men and 18% among women. The present study was undertaken with the objectives: To estimate the prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) in women of rural and urban Hoshiarpur and to elucidate the correlates of KOA in women of rural and urban Hoshiarpur. The study was conducted in the rural and urban areas of district Hoshiarpur, Punjab (India) between August 2012-May 2013. The sample comprised of urban (200) and rural (200) females. A semi structured interview schedule was used to interview the study subjects. The prevalence was found to be high in urban area (21.5%). The prevalence of KOA was found to be increased with age and was also significantly associated with educational level and menopause.

How to cite this article

Kaur R, Sharma VL, Singh A. Prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis and its Correlation in Women of Rural and Urban Parts of Hoshiarpur (Punjab). J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(1):32-36.
Journal Club: A Club for Medical Education!
Authors: Kaur Ravneet , Bhatnagar Nidhi , Patro Binod Kumar
Published: February 2015

Journal club (JC) is an effective and valuable tool in medical education. Critical reasoning and evidence based medicine practice are core competencies required by medical professionals. In times of today journal club offers several advan- tages, e.g. update with current literature, promote evidencebased medicine, demonstrate continuing medical education, learn critical appraisal skills and promote social interaction and debate. However, this tool remains largely underutilized. Practice of inappropriate methodology results in failure to achieve the intended outcomes. This report attempts to track the history of journal club, its types, current innovations made and role in medical education. It explores the potential utilization of this tool in times to come.

How to cite this article

Bhatnagar N, Kaur R, Patro BK. Journal Club: A Club for Medical Education! J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(1):43-45.
Traumatic Pseudoaneurysm of Internal Carotid Artery presenting as Intractable Epistaxis in a Case of Maxillary Fracture
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Rattan Vidya , Kumar Dinesh , Sahu Gyana Ranjan , Mukherjee KK
Published: February 2015

Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of internal carotid artery is a rare complication of injury after craniomaxillofacial trauma. Delayed recurrent epistaxis after head and facial trauma is the most distinctive manifestation of traumatic internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm. Epistaxis due to pseudoaneurysm of internal carotid artery is difficult to control, and may lead to hemor- rhagic shock or asphyxia and thus seriously threatens life. The purpose of this paper is to present a rare case of recurrent epistaxis secondary to ICA pseudoaneurysm following blunt maxillofacial trauma. Endovascular stenting was performed and the recurrent epistaxis was successfully arrested.

How to cite this article

Kumar D, Sahu GR, Kumar A, Mukherjee KK, Rattan V. Traumatic Pseudoaneurysm of Internal Carotid Artery presenting as Intractable Epistaxis in a Case of Maxillary Fracture. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(1):49-51.
Spatio-temporal analysis of nitrogen cycling in a mixed coniferous forest of the northern United States
Authors: Howard I. , McLauchlan K. K.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) is the limiting nutrient to primary productivity in a variety of temperate forests, and N cycling is undergoing a variety of anthropogenic changes, notably a doubling of Nr on a global scale. Yet, the local scale impacts of 20th century changes to N cycling have been difficult to document in terrestrial ecosystems, especially old-growth forests. To determine the spatial and temporal variability of anthropogenic effects on old-growth forest N dynamics, we measured the composition of stable nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) in wood from living red pine trees (Pinus resinosa) at a~single site in northern Minnesota, USA. A synchronous decline in wood δ15N values began approximately in the 1920s C.E. in 18 individual trees at different topographic positions, indicating a common driver. The decline in wood δ15N values corresponded with declines in sedimentary δ15N recorded in lacustrine sediments of the same catchment. Disturbance regime and species composition began to change at the turn of the 20th century with park establishment, providing a likely mechanism of decline in δ15N values toward present. While other mechanisms are possible, we conclude that the consequences of global-scale alterations to N cycling are not being expressed at a local level in this temperate forest ecosystem.
Coupled Northern Hemisphere permafrost-ice sheet evolution over the last glacial cycle
Authors: Willeit M. , Ganopolski A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Permafrost influences a number of processes which are relevant for local and global climate. For example, it is well known that permafrost plays an important role in global carbon and methane cycles. Less is known about the interaction between permafrost and ice sheets. In this study a permafrost module is included in the Earth system model CLIMBER-2 and the coupled Northern Hemisphere (NH) permafrost-ice sheet evolution over the last glacial cycle is explored. The model performs generally well at reproducing present-day permafrost extent and thickness. Modelled permafrost thickness is sensitive to the values of ground porosity, thermal conductivity and geothermal heat flux. Permafrost extent at the last glacial maximum (LGM) agrees well with reconstructions and previous modelling estimates. Present-day permafrost thickness is far from equilibrium over deep permafrost regions. Over Central Siberia and the Arctic Archipelago permafrost is presently up to 200–500 m thicker than it would be at equilibrium. In these areas, present-day permafrost depth strongly depends on the past climate history and simulations indicate that deep permafrost has a memory of surface temperature variations going back to at least 800 kya. Over the last glacial cycle permafrost has a relatively modest impact on simulated NH ice sheet volume except at LGM, when including permafrost increases ice volume by about 15 m sea level equivalent. This is explained by a delayed melting of the ice base from below by the geothermal heat flux when the ice sheet sits on a porous sediment layer and permafrost has to be melted first. Permafrost affects ice sheet dynamics only when ice extends over areas covered by thick sediments, which is the case at LGM.
3-D visualization of ensemble weather forecasts – Part 1: The visualization tool Met.3D (version 1.0)
Authors: Rautenhaus M. , Kern M. , Schäfler A. , Westermann R.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. We present Met.3D, a new open-source tool for the interactive 3-D visualization of numerical ensemble weather predictions. The tool has been developed to support weather forecasting during aircraft-based atmospheric field campaigns, however, is applicable to further forecasting, research and teaching activities. Our work approaches challenging topics related to the visual analysis of numerical atmospheric model output – 3-D visualization, ensemble visualization, and how both can be used in a meaningful way suited to weather forecasting. Met.3D builds a bridge from proven 2-D visualization methods commonly used in meteorology to 3-D visualization by combining both visualization types in a 3-D context. We address the issue of spatial perception in the 3-D view and present approaches to using the ensemble to allow the user to assess forecast uncertainty. Interactivity is key to our approach. Met.3D uses modern graphics technology to achieve interactive visualization on standard consumer hardware. The tool supports forecast data from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts and can operate directly on ECMWF hybrid sigma-pressure level grids. We describe the employed visualization algorithms, and analyse the impact of the ECMWF grid topology on computing 3-D ensemble statistical quantitites. Our techniques are demonstrated with examples from the T-NAWDEX-Falcon 2012 campaign.
A systematic MEMS sensor calibration framework
Authors: Dickow A. , Feiertag G.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. In this paper we present a systematic method to determine sets of close to optimal sensor calibration points for a polynomial approximation. For each set of calibration points a polynomial is used to fit the nonlinear sensor response to the calibration reference. The polynomial parameters are calculated using ordinary least square fit. To determine the quality of each calibration, reference sensor data is measured at discrete test conditions. As an error indicator for the quality of a calibration the root mean square deviation between the calibration polynomial and the reference measurement is calculated. The calibration polynomials and the error indicators are calculated for all possible calibration point sets. To find close to optimal calibration point sets, the worst 99% of the calibration options are dismissed. This results in a multi-dimensional probability distribution of the probably best calibration point sets. In an experiment, barometric MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) pressure sensors are calibrated using the proposed calibration method at several temperatures and pressures. The framework is applied to a batch of six of each of the following sensor types: Bosch BMP085, Bosch BMP180, and EPCOS T5400. Results indicate which set of calibration points should be chosen to achieve good calibration results.
Evaluation of numerical models by FerryBox and Fixed Platform in-situ data in the southern North Sea
Authors: Haller M. , Janssen F. , Siddorn J. , Petersen W. , Dick S.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. FerryBoxes installed on ships of opportunity (SoO) provide high-frequency surface biogeochemical measurements along selected tracks on a regular basis. Within the European FerryBox Community, several FerryBoxes are operated by different institutions. Here we present a comparison of model simulations applied to the North Sea with FerryBox temperature and salinity data from a transect along the southern North Sea and a more detailed analysis at three different positions located off the English East coast, at the Oyster Ground and in the German Bight. In addition to the FerryBox data, data from a Fixed Platform of the MARNET network are applied. Two operational hydrodynamic models have been evaluated for different time periods: results of BSHcmod v4 are analysed for 2009–2012, while simulations of FOAM AMM7 NEMO have been available from MyOcean data base for 2011 and 2012. The simulation of water temperatures is satisfying; however, limitations of the models exist, especially near the coast in the southern North Sea, where both models are underestimating salinity. Statistical errors differ between the models and the measured parameters, as the root mean square error (rmse) accounts for BSHcmod v4 to 0.92 K, for AMM7 only to 0.44 K. For salinity, BSHcmod is slightly better than AMM7 (0.98 and 1.1 psu, respectively). The study results reveal weaknesses of both models, in terms of variability, absolute levels and limited spatial resolution. In coastal areas, where the simulation of the transition zone between the coasts and the open ocean is still a demanding task for operational modelling, FerryBox data, combined with other observations with differing temporal and spatial scales serve as an invaluable tool for model evaluation and optimization. The optimization of hydrodynamical models with high frequency regional datasets, like the FerryBox data, is beneficial for their subsequent integration in ecosystem modelling.
SeaRISE experiment revisited: sources of spread in multi-model projections of the Greenland ice-sheet
Authors: Saito F. , Abe-Ouchi A. , Takahashi K. , Blatter H.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. The present paper revisits the future surface-climate experiments of the Greenland ice-sheet proposed by the Sea-level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution (SeaRISE, Bindschadler et al., 2013) study. The projections of the different SeaRISE participants show diversion, which has not been examined in detail to date. A series of sensitivity experiments are conducted and analyzed using the Ice-sheet model for Integrated Earth-system Studies (IcIES) by replacing one or more formulations of the model parameters with those adopted in other model(s). The results show that the main sources of the diversion between the projections of the different SeaRISE participants are differences in the initialization methods and in the surface mass balance methods, and both aspects have almost equal impact on the results. Treatment of ice-sheet margins in the simulation has a secondary impact on the diversion. We conclude that spinning-up the model using fixed topography through the spin-up period while the temperature is allowed to evolve according to the surface temperature history is the preferred representation at least for the experiment configuration examined in the present paper. A benchmark model experiment set-up that most of the numerical model can perform is proposed for future intercomparison projects, in order to evaluate the uncertainties relating to pure ice-sheet model flow characteristics.
Hypersensitivity and Tumor Lysis Syndrome Associated with Cetuximab Treatment: Should We be Afraid?
Authors: Cihan Sener , Atasoy Ajlan , Yildirim Yasar , Babacan Nalan Akgul , Kos Tugba Fahriye
Published: February 2015

The majority of the chemotherapy agents in use today cause various infusion reactions, from mild flushing to life-threatening events. The frequency of the reported hypersensitivity reactions induced by cetuximab varies between 3% and 22%. It is recommended in the literature to stop the infusion and replace cetuximab with panitumumab in case of hypersensitivity reactions observed during the treatment of colon cancer. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) may occur in colorectal cancers with heavy tumor load. Tumor lysis syndrome may be life-threatening. In our patient with widespread bone and liver metastases, treatment continued with cetuximab as a combination therapy with irinotecan in spite of the hypersensitivity and TLS led to a complete treatment response. The complete response observed after 3 months through continued therapy in our patient may present an example supporting treatment with cetuximab in spite of severe reactions.
Impact Analysis of Demand-Driven Shocks in Turkey's Tourism Industry within the Framework of the Social Accounting Matrix
Authors: Gül Hasan , Çaǧatay Selim
Published: February 2015

The ‘Incentives Programme for the Tourism Industry in Turkey’ foresees a high growth rate in inbound tourism revenues in the next 10 years. This study analyses the impact of various shocks on inbound tourism demand for Turkey. First, domestic and inbound tourism activities are separated by using the information provided in input–output tables and tourism satellite accounts. Second, social accounting matrix-based price multipliers are calculated to carry out analyses in which inbound tourism is included explicitly as one industry. The policy shocks involve a fall in energy prices and in the tax rate on tourism output. Hence, an upward pressure on inbound tourism demand is targeted via price changes in both the supply and demand sides of the industry. The empirical findings show that inter-industry effects are larger than the effects on inbound tourism, revealing that ‘price’ alone is not a satisfactory policy instrument for promoting the tourism industry. In other words, neither of the shocks employed is sufficiently influential to enable the tourism industry to reach the targets envisaged.
Romantic Irony in the Short Fiction of Rebecca Harding Davis
Authors: WEST MICHAEL D.
Published: February 2015

As the author of some 275 short stories, over a dozen novels, and hundreds of juvenile stories and journalistic essays, Rebecca Harding Davis’ prolific output spanning more than five decades naturally invites—and challenges—categorization. Although her novels were well-received, it was the short stories she published chiefly in periodicals, with only one collection in book form, “that earned her greatest critical praise.” Romanticism, sentimentalism, regionalism, realism, and naturalism are all justifiably invoked to explain aspects of her oeuvre, with the palm probably going to realism. But in her pioneering study Sharon Harris claimed that if Davis was a realist, she was often an ironic realist; and more recently Harris has acknowledged that pigeonholing her fiction as “realism” can be misleading since she “was much more diverse in her choices of genres” than that label suggests.1 It is with some trepidation that one ventures to add another to the heap of competing labels, but this paper will argue that many of her stories exhibit the traits commonly categorized as romantic irony. As G. R. Thompson and West have argued, a predilection for romantic irony was shared by all the major figures of American Romanticism and is to some extent at odds with realism
Crafting the Sea: Romance and Realism in Jack London’sMartin Eden
Authors: DUNEER ANITA
Published: February 2015

Published between Jack London’s sea novels, The Sea-Wolf (1904) and The Mutiny of the Elsinore (1913), the autobiographically-inspired novel Martin Eden (1909) is not set at sea—with the exception of Martin’s suicide in the last chapter. Perhaps since the novel is primarily set on land, the importance of the sea to the artistic identity of London and his character Martin have generally been overlooked. The novel is flooded with language and imagery of the sea. The sea colors Martin’s imagination, the narrator makes frequent use of nautical metaphors, and the conventions of maritime literature inform the overall structure of the novel. Martin Eden reflects the sea’s influence on London, who was an avid reader of maritime literature and a seasoned sailor. London had sailed in San Francisco Bay in his youth as an oyster pirate and member of the California Fish Patrol, and as a young man on a sealing expedition aboard the Sophia Sutherland, an adventure that provided raw material for The Sea-Wolf. Martin Eden was composed at sea, begun during London’s voyage to the South Seas on his fifty-seven-foot ketch the Snark with his wife Charmian, and completed on the Mariposa, the steamship that transported the Londons back to Tahiti where they had left the Snark during a business trip to San Francisco. The sea is as integral to Martin’s character as it is for London’s self-identity. Thus by reading Martin Eden as a novel of the sea, we can better understand London’s social and aesthetic navigation of romance and realism, in a work both influenced by and contributing to the maritime literary tradition.
Phenology and interspecific association of Forficula auricularia and Forficula pubescens in apple orchards
Authors: Lordan Jaume , Alegre Simó , Moerkens Rob , Sarasúa María-José , Alins Georgina
Published: February 2015

The European earwig Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) has been widely studied as a key predator of pests in temperate regions, but its phenology and behavior may differ in warmer areas such as the Mediterranean. Here we assessed the phenology, aggregation, and interspecific association of F. auricularia and Forficula pubescens Gené, the only two species found consistently in both ground and canopy shelters in Mediterranean apple orchards. In addition to F. auricularia and F. pubescens, three other earwig species, namely Labidura riparia Pallas, Nala lividipes Dufour and Euborellia moesta Gené, were found occasionally. The mature stages of F. auricularia were observed mainly from May to November in tree shelters and immature ones from October to June in ground shelters. Adult individuals of F. pubescens were observed year-round and nymph instars were detected from April to June in ground as well as in tree shelters. The suitability of the current degree-days models for temperate regions was evaluated for the prediction of European earwig phenology in a Mediterranean climate. Regarding interspecific association, F. auricularia and F. pubescens co-occurred in canopies without apparent competition. This study provides useful weekly data about the phenology of the two earwig species throughout the year that can be used to detect the key periods during which to enhance their populations in pip fruit orchards or to control them in stone fruit crops. Furthermore, our results are of relevance for the development of new phenological models of earwigs in Mediterranean areas where nymphs hibernate, a feature that makes current models inaccurate.
Anatomic Distribution of Sessile Serrated Adenoma/Polyp With and Without Cytologic Dysplasia
Authors: Yang Juliana F. , Tang Shou-Jiang , Lash Richard H. , Wu Ruonan , Yang Qinghua
Published: February 2015

Context

Sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) have been increasingly studied during the last 10 years. However, their detailed anatomic distribution pattern has not been studied, especially given newer (broader) criteria for the diagnosis.

Objectives

To characterize the anatomic distribution of SSA/P with and without cytologic dysplasia and to assess the demographics of these patients in a nationwide database.

Design

We retrospectively analyzed the database of Miraca Life Sciences Research Institute for a 1-year period. Patients with a diagnosis of SSA/P, SSA/P with low-grade cytologic dysplasia (SSA/P-LGD), SSA/P with high-grade cytologic dysplasia (SSA/P-HGD), or SSA/P with adenocarcinoma (SSA/P-ACA) were retrieved, and patients' age, sex, and specific anatomic location were analyzed.

Results

A total of 11 201 patients were identified, of which 10 646 (95.0%) had SSA/P, 514 (4.6%) had SSA/P-LGD, 39 (0.35%) had SSA/P-HGD, and 2 (0.018%) had SSA/P-ACA. All SSA/Ps and more advanced lesions were significantly more common in the proximal colon—SSA/P (61.2%), SSA/P-LGD (61.2%), SSA/P-HGD (80%), and SSA/P-ACA (100%)—than in either the transverse (18.8%, 17.8%, 10.0%, and 0%, respectively) or the distal (19.9%, 21.0%, 10.0%, and 0%, respectively) colon, P < .001. Sessile serrated adenoma/polyp with cytologic dysplasia was most commonly found in the ascending colon (LGD, 31.6%) and cecum (HGD, 37.5%). Advanced SSA/Ps were disproportionally more common among older women.

Conclusions

Sessile serrated adenomas/polyps with and without cytologic dysplasia and carcinoma are predominantly found in the cecum and ascending colon, whereas there is low prevalence in both the transverse and distal colon. Confirmation of previously published data regarding demographics of advanced lesions among a different cohort and including newer (broader) criteria suggests these criteria are valid.
Clear Cell Sarcoma–like Tumor of the Gastrointestinal Tract: An Evolving Entity
Authors: Wang Jayson , Thway Khin
Published: February 2015

Clear cell sarcoma–like tumor of the gastrointestinal tract (CCSLGT) is a rare malignant neoplasm that occurs in the wall of the small bowel, stomach, or large bowel, predominantly in young adults. It is an aggressive neoplasm that frequently presents with metastatic disease and has a high mortality rate. Histologically, it is usually composed of medium-sized primitive ovoid or epithelioid cells with pale or clear cytoplasm that are arranged in sheets or in papillary or alveolar architectures. Clear cell sarcoma–like tumor of the gastrointestinal tract is positive for S100 protein, invariably negative for melanocyte-specific markers and is often also positive for neuroendocrine markers. The etiology of CCSLGT is unknown, but many studies have shown associations with EWSR1-CREB1 gene fusions and, less frequently, with EWSR1-ATF1 fusions. Here, we discuss the current status of CCSLGT, including histologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular findings.
An Information Literacy Snapshot: Authentic Assessment across the Curriculum
Authors: Dance Betty , Davis Erin , Fagerheim Britt , Hedrich Anne , Lundstrom Kacy , Martin Pamela , Holliday Wendy
Published: February 2015

This paper outlines the process and results of an authentic assessment of student work using a revised version of the AAC&U's Information Literacy VALUE rubric. This rigorous assessment, which included the scoring of nearly 900 student papers from four different stages across the undergraduate curriculum, revealed much about the process of authentic assessment of student learning, the struggles and competencies of our students, and a clear path forward for improving practice. It also gave us a broad view of student learning, allowing us to immerse ourselves in student work and providing a stronger narrative to share with stakeholders.
The Past, Present, and Future of Demand-Driven Acquisitions in Academic Libraries
Authors: Goedeken Edward A. , Lawson Karen
Published: February 2015

Demand-driven acquisitions (DDA) programs have become a well-established approach toward integrating user involvement in the process of building academic library collections. However, these programs are in a constant state of evolution. A recent iteration in this evolution of ebook availability is the advent of large ebook collections whose contents libraries can lease, but not own only if they choose to do so. This study includes an investigation of patron usage and librarian ebook selection by comparing call number data generated by usage of three entities: (1) an ebrary PDA; (2) Academic Complete, which is a leased collection of ebooks; and (3) subject librarian selections based on the YPB approval plan at Iowa State University. The context is provided through a description of the development and evolution of demand driven acquisitions programs with an analysis of where libraries have been and where they are going with enhancing the collection development in academic libraries.
Reprendre le fil de la trame narrative
Authors: Neumark Devora
Published: February 2015

L’oralité (storytelling) en tant que pratique artistique dans le Québec
d’aujourd’hui allant à l’encontre des exposés narratifs publics courants, le projet Picking
Up the Storylines (« Reprendre le fil de la trame narrative ») interroge les paramètres et
les résultats du processus public de la storytelling. La Charte des valeurs
québécoises et la Commission de vérité et de réconciliation du Canada y sont relues en
parallèle avec le Scar Project (projet Cicatrice), de Nadia Myre, et le travail du Living
History Ensemble, dans le contexte du projet Life Stories of Montrealers Displaced by War,
Genocide and Human Rights Violations (« Récits de vie de Montréalais et Montréalaises
déplacées par la guerre, le génocide et les violations des droits de la personne »). Une
telle comparaison appelle une analyse critique en vue de déterminer quand et comment les
récits supprimés, ignorés et inédits de personnes marginalisées peuvent contribuer à
l’instauration de politiques libératoires.
Les héroïnes en diaspora1 font-elles leur cinéma?
Authors: Mesana Virginie
Published: February 2015

Au sein de la production artistique des cinéastes en Amérique du Nord, dans une industrie encore dominée par des voix et des regards masculins, un nombre croissant de récits mis en scène par des réalisatrices « multiculturelles nord-américaines » est apparu à partir des années 90. Cette décennie marque ainsi l’émergence des premiers documentaires et de quelques longs métrages réalisés par des femmesen diasporatelles que la cinéaste féministe montréalaise Eisha Marjara. Son autobiographie « fictionnalisée », mettant en scène des modèles de femmes protagonistes que l’on pourrait qualifier d’héroïnesen diaspora, permet d’examiner des imaginaires cristallisant des rapports sociaux imbriquésenethorsdiaspora.
A parameterization of gravity waves emitted by fronts and jets
Authors: de la Cámara A. , Lott F.
Published: February 2015

Based on the theoretical and experimental facts that gravity waves (GWs) can be spontaneously emitted during the evolution of a near‐balanced flow, a stochastic parameterization of GWs linked to fronts and jets is proposed. Although the spontaneous adjustment theory used predicts “exponentially” small GW fields, it is shown that it is sufficient to produce realistic GW drag at mesospheric levels. Off‐line tests using reanalyzed meteorological fields are conducted and show that the GWs emitted present a strong annual cycle following that of the sources. Also, the GW momentum fluxes in the lower stratosphere are qualitatively realistic in terms of intermittency. Online tests in a middle atmosphere general circulation model show that the scheme can potentially perform as well as highly tuned existing GW schemes.
Lösemittelgemische [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2014a]
Authors: Krämer W.
Published: February 2015

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 18. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2014

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Probenahme

Probenaufbereitung

Chromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Wiederfindung

Bestimmungsgrenze

Erweiterte Messunsicherheit

Lagerfähigkeit

Anhang
Lösemittelgemische [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2014b]
Authors: Schneider W. , Breuer D.
Published: February 2015

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 18. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2014

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte und Chemikalien

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Probenahme

Probenaufbereitung

Chromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Wiederfindung

Bestimmungsgrenze

Erweiterte Messunsicherheit

Lagerfähigkeit

Störeinflüsse

Anhang
Bestimmung von Ketonen und C
4
–C
5
‐Alkoholen in Lösemittelgemischen [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2014]
Authors: Krämer W. , Schneider W.
Published: February 2015

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 18. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2014

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Validierlösungen

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Probenahme

Probenaufbereitung

Chromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision und erweiterte Messunsicherheit

Wiederfindung

Bestimmungsgrenze

Lagerfähigkeit

Kapazität des Probenträgers

Blindwerte
1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydronaphthalin [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2014]
Authors: Tschickardt M. , Bremer S.
Published: February 2015

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 11. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1998

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Vorbehandlung der Adsorptionsröhrchen

Lösungen

Prüfgase und Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Chromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision und erweiterte Messunsicherheit

Wiederfindung

Bestimmungsgrenze

Einfluss der Luftfeuchte

Kapazität des Probenträgers

Lagerfähigkeit

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion
Phthalate, langkettige [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2014]
Authors: Hahn J.‐U. , Assenmacher‐Maiworm H. , Koch H. M. , Pannwitz K.‐H.
Published: February 2015

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 18. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2014

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Kalibrier‐ und Kontrolllösungen

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

HPLC‐Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision und erweiterte Messunsicherheit

Wiederfindung

Bestimmungsgrenzen

Lagerfähigkeit

Blindwerte des Probenträgers

Diskussion
N‐Alkyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (N‐Methyl‐2‐pyrrolidon, N‐Ethyl‐2‐pyrrolidon), Dämpfe [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2014a]
Authors: Breuer D. , Ehmann E. , Rosenberger W.
Published: February 2015

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 18. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2014

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Chromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision und erweiterte Messunsicherheit

Wiederfindung und Einfluss der Luftfeuchte

Bestimmungsgrenze

Lagerfähigkeit

Störeinflüsse

Blindwerte

Diskussion
N‐Alkyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (N‐Methyl‐2‐pyrrolidon, N‐Ethyl‐2‐pyrrolidon), Dämpfe [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2014b]
Authors: Rosenberger W. , Breuer D.
Published: February 2015

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 18. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2014

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Probenahme und Probenaufarbeitung

Gaschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision und erweiterte Messunsicherheit

Wiederfindung

Bestimmungsgrenze

Lagerfähigkeit und Einfluss der Luftfeuchte

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion
Microstructure, Shape Memory Effect and Functional Stability of Ti67Ta33 Thin Films
Authors: Motemani Yahya , Kadletz Peter M. , Maier Bernd , Rynko Ramona , Somsen Christoph , Paulsen Alexander , Frenzel Jan , Schmahl Wolfgang W. , Eggeler Gunther , Ludwig Alfred
Published: February 2015

Ti–Ta based alloys are an interesting class of high‐temperature shape memory materials. When fabricated as thin films, they can be used as high‐temperature micro‐actuators with operation temperatures exceeding 100 °C. In this study, microstructure, shape memory effect and thermal cycling stability of room‐temperature sputter deposited Ti67Ta33 thin films are investigated. A disordered α″ martensite (orthorhombic) phase is formed in the as‐deposited Ti67Ta33 films. The films show a columnar morphology with the columns being oriented perpendicular to the substrate surface. They are approximately 200 nm in width. XRD texture analysis reveals a martensite fiber texture with {120} and {102} fiber axes. The XRD results are confirmed by TEM analysis, which also shows columnar grains with long axes perpendicular to the {120} and {102} planes of α″ martensite. The shape memory effect is analyzed in the temperature range of –10 to 240 °C using the cantilever deflection method, with special emphasis placed on cyclic stability. Ti67Ta33 thin films undergo a forward martensitic transformation at Ms ≈ 165 °C, with a stress relaxation of approximately 33 MPa during the transformation. The actuation response of the film actuators degrades significantly during thermal cycling. TEM analysis shows that this degradation is related to the formation of nanoscale ω precipitates (5–13 nm) which form above the austenite finish temperature. These precipitates suppress the martensitic transformation, as they act as obstacles for the growth of martensite variants.
Chromosome 1p36.22p36.21 duplications/triplication causes Setleis syndrome (focal facial dermal dysplasia type III)
Authors: Weaver David D. , Norby Audrey R. , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Proud Virginia K. , Spangler Brooke E. , Ming Jeffrey E. , Chisholm Elizabeth , Zackai Elaine H. , Lee Beom Hee , Edelmann Lisa , Desnick Robert J.
Published: February 2015

Focal facial dermal dysplasias (FFDD) are characterized by congenital bitemporal or preauricular atrophic skin lesions, and either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance. Setleis syndrome (SS), FFDD type III, is a severe form of FFDD with the ectodermal lesions plus other striking facial features. Autosomal recessive nonsense and frameshift mutations in TWIST2 have been found to cause SS in some but not all individuals. Here, we report on four unrelated individuals, one with an unclassified FFDD and the other three with classic SS. Chromosomal microarray analyses revealed unique copy number variants of 1p36 in two individuals with duplications at 1p36.22p36.21 and one with a triplication at 1p36.22p36.21. The fourth patient had normal chromosomes by microarray analysis. All four patients had normal TWIST2 exonic sequences. We propose that a dosage effect of one or more of the 30 genes in the 1.3 Mb 1p36.22p36.21 region of overlap is responsible for FFDD/SS manifestations in some individuals, and this mechanism would be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. In patients with no duplication/triplication of the 1p36.22p36.21 region and no mutations in TWIST2, there are mutation(s) in one of the 30 genes in this region or mutations in other as yet unidentified genes at different locations that may affect the expressions of genes in this region or act independently to cause this developmental disease phenotype. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Virtual taphonomy: A new method integrating excavation and postprocessing in an archaeological context
Authors: Wilhelmson Helene , Dell'Unto Nicoló
Published: February 2015

The objective of this paper was to integrate excavation and post‐processing of archaeological and osteological contexts and material to enhance the interpretation of these with specific focus on the taphonomical aspects. A method was designed, Virtual Taphonomy, based on the use and integration of image‐based 3D modeling techniques into a 3D GIS platform, and tested on a case study. Merging the 3D models and a database directly in the same virtual environment allowed the authors to fully integrate excavation and post‐processing in a complex spatial analysis reconnecting contexts excavated on different occasions in the field process. The case study further demonstrated that the method enabled a deeper understanding of the taphonomic agents at work and allowed the construction of a more detailed interpretation of the skeletal remains than possible with more traditional methods. The method also proved to add transparency to the entire research process from field to post‐processing and interpretation. Other benefits were the timesaving aspects in documentation, not only in the excavation process but also in post‐processing without creating additional costs in material, as the equipment used is available in most archaeological excavations. The authors conclude that this methodology could be employed on a variety of investigations from archaeological to forensic contexts and add significant value in many different respects (for example, detail, objectivity, complexity, time‐efficiency) compared to methods currently used. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:305–321, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eine kurze Durchflusssynthese von Efavirenz
Authors: Correia Camille A. , Gilmore Kerry , McQuade D. Tyler , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: February 2015

Das Arzneimittel Efavirenz ist wichtig für die Behandlung von HIV, aber für Millionen von Menschen nicht zugänglich. Hier wird ein neues halbkontinuierliches Verfahren vorgestellt, das die Herstellung von rac‐Efavirenz in 45 % Ausbeute ermöglicht. Die optimierte, beispielhafte Synthese basiert auf dem effizienten, kupferkatalysierten Aufbau eines Arylisocyanats und einer anschließenden intramolekularen Cyclisierung zur Einführung des Carbamatkerns von Efavirenz in einem Schritt. Die dreistufige Sequenz stellt die kürzeste Synthese dieses lebenswichtigen Arzneistoffes dar.
Enantioselective Desymmetrization of Prochiral Cyclohexanones by Organocatalytic Intramolecular Michael Additions to α,β‐Unsaturated Esters
Authors: Gammack Yamagata Adam D. , Datta Swarup , Jackson Kelvin E. , Stegbauer Linus , Paton Robert S. , Dixon Darren J.
Published: February 2015

A new catalytic asymmetric desymmetrization reaction for the synthesis of enantioenriched derivatives of 2‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, a key motif common to many alkaloids, has been developed. Employing a cyclohexanediamine‐derived primary amine organocatalyst, a range of prochiral cyclohexanone derivatives possessing an α,β‐unsaturated ester moiety linked to the 4‐position afforded the bicyclic products, which possess three stereogenic centers, as single diastereoisomers in high enantioselectivity (83–99 % ee) and in good yields (60–90 %). Calculations revealed that stepwise CC bond formation and proton transfer via a chair‐shaped transition state dictate the exclusive endo selectivity and enabled the development of a highly enantioselective primary amine catalyst.
Charge Separation in Graphene‐Decorated Multimodular Tris(pyrene)–Subphthalocyanine–Fullerene Donor–Acceptor Hybrids
Authors: KC Chandra B. , Lim Gary N. , D'Souza Francis
Published: February 2015

A new approach to probe the effect of graphene on photochemical charge separation in donor–acceptor conjugates is devised. For this, multimodular donor–acceptor conjugates, composed of three molecules of pyrene, a subphthalocyanine, and a fullerene C60 ((Pyr)3SubPc‐C60), have been synthesized and characterized. These systems were hybridized on few‐layer graphene through π–π stacking interactions of the three pyrene moieties. The hybrids were characterized using Raman, HRTEM, and spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The energy levels of the donor–acceptor conjugates were fine‐tuned upon interaction with graphene and photoinduced charge separation in the absence and presence of graphene was studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Accelerated charge separation and recombination was detected in these graphene‐decorated conjugates suggesting that they could be used as materials for fast‐responding optoelectronic devices and in light energy harvesting applications.
An investigation of anatomical competence in junior medical doctors
Authors: Vorstenbosch Marc A.T.M. , Kooloos Jan G.M. , Bolhuis Sanneke M. , Laan Roland F.J.M.
Published: February 2015

Because of a decrease of the time available for anatomy education, decisions need to be made to reduce the relevant content of the anatomy curriculum. Several expert consensus initiatives resulted in lists of structures, lacking analysis of anatomical competence. This study aims to explore the use of anatomical knowledge by medical doctors in an attempt to delineate the nature of anatomical competence. The research question is: what kind of anatomical knowledge do junior medical doctors use during a consultation with a patient presenting with a shoulder complaint? Ten junior medical doctors participated in this stimulated recall study. Each of them was videotaped while performing a consultation with a standardized patient with a complex shoulder complaint. The recording was viewed immediately after. Participants were videotaped again while verbalizing the thoughts they remembered having during the consultation. Verbatim transcriptions were coded by two coders using the qualitative data analysis ATLAS.ti software. Results were that these junior medical doctors used anatomical knowledge in all phases of the consultation, especially during physical examination. The use of anatomical terms was strongly associated with clinical reasoning and it was apparent that every subject visualized relevant anatomical information. Conclusion is that young medical doctors actively use their anatomical knowledge and it seems that the relevant anatomy consists largely of adequate visual representations in memory. Anatomy teachers should focus the students' learning activity on building an adequate visual representation of anatomical structures. This should be supported by assessments that test the quality of the students' visual representations. Anat Sci Educ. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.
Text clustering: An application with the State of the Union addresses
Authors: Savoy Jacques
Published: February 2015

This paper describes a clustering and authorship attribution study over the State of the Union addresses from 1790 to 2014 (224 speeches delivered by 41 presidents). To define the style of each presidency, we have applied a principal component analysis (PCA) based on the part‐of‐speech (POS) frequencies. From Roosevelt (1934), each president tends to own a distinctive style whereas previous presidents tend usually to share some stylistic aspects with others. Applying an automatic classification based on the frequencies of all content‐bearing word‐types we show that chronology tends to play a central role in forming clusters, a factor that is more important than political affiliation. Using the 300 most frequent word‐types, we generate another clustering representation based on the style of each president. This second view shares similarities with the first one, but usually with more numerous and smaller clusters. Finally, an authorship attribution approach for each speech can reach a success rate of around 95.7% under some constraints. When an incorrect assignment is detected, the proposed author often belongs to the same party and has lived during roughly the same time period as the presumed author. A deeper analysis of some incorrect assignments reveals interesting reasons justifying difficult attributions.