bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A single moment roentgen contrast study of superior cava and its tributaries
Authors: Shumakov A. G. , Pozmogov A. I.
Published: February 2007

The method of single moment roentgen study of the superior vena cava and its tributaries is presented. The roentgen anatomic data concerning occurring variants of normal mediastinal venous vessel branches and their layout are given. Some examples show the diagnostic value of the mediastinal phlebography using the method described above.
Fibrous dysplasia of the sphenoid sinus in an adolescent male
Authors: Faraci Robert P. , Ketcham Alfred S.
Published: February 2007

Fibrous dysplasia involving the sphenoid sinus and the entire left sphenoid bone, manifested clinically by left proptosis and frontal headaches, was disagnosed in a 13‐year‐old black male. The case is unusual since it is only the third reported instance of fibrous dysplasia of the sphenoid sinus, and because the disease became clinically apparent at the onset of puberty in the patient. Since previous reporters have suggested that fibrous dysplasia remains stable or progresses slightly after the onset of puberty, the patient was not treated with radical surgery, but instead was observed closely. At this point, one year following admission, the patient's proptosis has disappeared and his symptoms are markedly improved.
Estrogen and estrogen receptors of breast cancer
Authors: Sahadevan Velayudan , Perlia Charles P. , Economou Steven G. , Sky‐Peck Howard
Published: February 2007

Human breast cancer can be divided into a group that contains specific receptor sites for estrogen and a group without such specific estrogen‐binding sites. The presence of specific estrogen receptors in some tumors indicating hormonal dependency has been shown to be of predictive value for endocrine treatment. This would greatly improve therapeutic planning for patients with breast cancer.

Tumor tissue from 52 patients was investigated for content of both cytosol estrogen and estrogen receptor. In addition, the total tumor estrogen was also determined in 14 of these tumors. The results of this investigation show two distinct groups: one group containing both estrogen receptor and estrogen and a second group with no receptor but with measurable amount of estrogen. Tumors with estrogen receptors have higher tissue levels of estrogen than tumors without specific estrogen receptor. Even in the absence of estrogen receptor, however, most tumor tissue examined contained a measurable amount of estrogen.
Cytotoxicity reactions during immunotherapy of melanoma with neuraminidase altered autologous tumor cells
Authors: Miller Elizabeth E. , Rosato Francis E. , Brown Arthur S. , Moskovitz Anne , Johnson Joan
Published: February 2007

Lymphocyte cytotoxicity, serum cytotoxicity, and the ability of the serum to inhibit lymphocyte cytotoxicity (blocking effect) were studied in a melanoma patient treated with six monthly injections of her own (autologous) tumor cells incubated with neuraminidase to increase their antigenicity. The same tumor cells grown in tissue culture were used as target cells for the cytotoxicity test. Large fluctuations of blocking effect in the serum were found, which correlated with the clinical course of tumor removal, recurrence, and regression. After the fifth injection of autologous tumor cells, the blocking effect disappeared from the serum (unblocking). In general, changes in serum cytotoxicity corresponded with changes in the amount of blocking effect produced by the serum. The results suggest that active immunotherapy may play a role in the prevention of metastases and, that when used within the autologous system, the cytotoxicity test is valuable in studying response to this type of therapy.
A randomized pilot study comparing two regimens in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Moseley H. Stephens , Sasaki Truman , McConnell Donald B. , Merhoff G. Craig , Wilson William L. , Grage Theodor B. , Wiess Arthur J. , Fletcher William S.
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐five patients with epithelial carcinomas not considered to be surgically resectable were randomized to receive two different chemotherapy regimens. Regimen 1 was CCNU followed by bleomycin, and Regimen 2 was a combination of CCNU, bleomycin, methotrexate, and vinblastine. Five of 14 patients treated with CCNU‐bleomycin had partial responses. Three of 15 patients treated with the four‐drug combination had a partial response.

The toxicity of the four‐drug regimen was significantly greater than that of the two‐drug regimen, while the response rate was greater among those patients treated with two drugs. No significant clinical infections occurred despite the fact that leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were more severe and frequent with the four‐drug regimen.

Most importantly, the two‐drug regimen is well tolerated as an outpatient procedure. Two of the two‐drug and one of the four‐drug recipients were converted from an inoperable to an operable state. In view of the fact that there has not heretofore been an effective chemotherapeutic regimen for Stage III and IV squamous carcinoma, this is a significant observation. It is of note that patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were those who responded best to this treatment, although the treatment is worthy of consideration for advanced squamous carcinoma in other areas.
A survey of epithelial inclusions in the ovarian cortex of 470 patients
Authors: Mulligan R. M.
Published: February 2007

The ovaries of 470 patients obtained for various indications at operation revealed 178 with 193 ovarian cysts and tumors ‐ including 63 serous, 23 endometrial, and 27 mucinous ‐ as well as 103 with tubal (serous), 35 with endometrial, and 2 with cervical (mucinous) epithelial inclusions. A very high frequency of transformation of mucinous epithelial inclusions into cysts and tumors contrasted with about 40% similar transformation of serous and endometrial inclusions into cysts and tumors.
Antiperistaltic bowel segment for prevention of ileoproctostomy diarrhea
Authors: Tuley R. David , Matolo Nathaniel M. , Garfinkle Sidney E. , Wolfman Earl F.
Published: February 2007

Persistent diarrhea accompanied by water, electrolyte, and nutritional depletion and skin excoriation can occur following subtotal colectomy with ileoproctostomy. Attempting to improve the course of these patients, an experimental study using dogs was undertaken to evaluate the use of antiperistaltic ileal segment in the management of ileoproctostomy diarrhea. Subtotal colectomy with ileoproctostomy was performed in dogs. One animal died from weight loss and massive diarrhea with water and electrolyte depletion. The surviving dogs had water and electrolyte imbalance and lost an average of 30.6% of their body weight. A second group of animals was treated identically except that an antiperistaltic ileal segment was placed one foot proximal to ileorectal anastomosis. These dogs maintained their weight and electrolyte and water balance. The stools of these animals became solid, as opposed to the watery diarrhea of the animals with ileoproctostomy only. Ileoproctostomy diarrhea can be successfully controlled by the use of antiperistaltic ileal segment.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage: Direct approach under fluoroscopic control
Authors: Takada Tadahiro , Hanyu Fujio , Kobayashi Seiichiro , Uchida Yasuhiko
Published: February 2007

We devised a direct percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage under fluoroscopic control. The principle is as follows. After percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, the three dimensional structure of intrahepatic bile ducts is projected to a two dimensional plane under fluoroscopy; the needle can then be introduced into the selected bile duct with accuracy.

The technique can be used as a preoperative management of operations of patients with jaundice and also as a palliative management of advanced cancer without much complication.
Erythropoietin levels in wistar‐furth Wilms' tumor rats
Authors: Murphy Gerald P. , Williams Phyllis D. , Mirand Edwin A.
Published: February 2007

Erythropoietin (ESF) levels were assayed in rats bearing the Wistar‐Furth Wilms' transplantable tumor. Sites of tumor inoculation varied from subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrarenal (subcapsular), to intra‐peritoneal. Two‐thirds of the animals exhibited ESF elevations without polycythemia, or severe anemia (HCT < 30.0 vol %). The elevations in ESF were not detectably related to the time of sacrifice (age of the animal), size of the primary tumor, or number of gross metastatic foci. The diminished ESF response noted to animals given intramuscular tumor implantations is believed to reflect differences in tumor blood and lymphatic supply at the various sites of inoculation. The pattern of ESF responses in the Wistar‐Furth Wilms' tumor model is thus quite similar to that which we have observed in man, and appears to represent an animal model for tumor‐related ectopic hormone release. The nature of the hormone is believed to differ from that seen in normal physiological states.
The APUD cell concept
Authors: Smith Larry H.
Published: February 2007

Embryonic neural crest cells have been traced to the primitive entoderm where they differentiate into a family of hormone‐producing cells, APUD cells. The APUD cell concept explains many otherwise seemingly dissociated clinical circumstances involving endocrine glands and hormone production by tumors.
Thoracic duct cannulation in a patient with lung cancer
Authors: Takita Hiroshi , Evans James T. , Han Tin , Minowada Jun , Cohen Elias
Published: February 2007

Previously the authors demonstrated limited effectiveness of tumor specific active immunotherapy adjunct to radical surgery in patients with lung cancer.

In order to improve the therapeutic effectiveness, a patient with inoperable lung carcinoma was treated with a radical surgery, tumor vaccination, and “unblocking procedures” which consisted of splenectomy and thoracic duct canulation.

In vitro studies demonstrated the evidence of sensitization of the patient against his own tumor, removal of blocking factor by the thoracic duct fistula from the circulation.
Frozen section — frozen attitudes
Authors: Webber Banice M.
Published: February 2007

The elimination of frozen section diagnosis will free the patient from one of the great fears of the current treatment of breast cancer ‐ subjecting herself to biopsy without knowing what the outcome will be. It will free the surgeon from the rigid sequence of frozen section followed by mastectomy and allow him to begin to rationally assign patients with proper criteria to conservative treatment, reserving mastectomy for those who do not meet these criteria.
Inhibition of mixed lymphocyte reaction by thoracic duct lymph: Removal of inhibitory effect by thoracic duct drainage in lung cancer
Authors: Han Tin , Takita Hiroshi
Published: February 2007

The inhibitory effect of the thoracic duct lymph of a patient with lung cancer on the “one‐way” mixed lymphocyte reaction without cytotoxicity is unequivocally demonstrated. The effect seems to be dose related. A moderate inhibition of mixed lymphocyte reaction is still observed, even if the responding cells are preincubated in the thoracic duct lymph for 1 hr only prior to the addition of stimulating cells. The inhibitory effect of thoracic duct lymph on the mixed lymphocyte reaction is no longer evident when the material is added 1‐4 days after the beginning of culture. These observations suggest that the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of thoracic duct lymph may be a simple attachment of inhibitory factors to the receptor sites on the responding lymphocytes, causing interference in cell to cell interaction. The inhibitory effect of thoracic duct lymph collected 1 wk after the thoracic duct drainage on mixed lymphocyte reaction is significantly lower than that of thoracic duct lymph collected at the beginning of the procedure. This indicates that the blocking effect of thoracic duct lymph can be easily removed by this technique, which is technically feasible in man. The interrelationship of the tumor‐specific blocking factor, thoracic duct drainage, and tumor growth pattern are discussed with respect to the potential usefulness of this procedure as adjuvant immunotherapy in the management of patients with neoplastic diseases.
Immunologic and chemical studies on mucopolysaccharide derived from murine lymphosarcoma
Authors: Mori Tsuneatsu , Onodera Takashi , Yokota Masanori , Fujii Genshichiro , Inou Tsunamasa
Published: February 2007

Mucopolysaccharide was prepared from media in which the Gardner's lymphosarcoma cells were cultured. Multiple intraperitoneal injections of the preparation into syngeneic mice resulted in enhancement of the tumors which were inoculated prior to the injections. Sera of these hosts contained antibodies reacting with antigens of the outer layer of the tumor cells.

Chemical analyses of the preparation showed that the mucopolysaccharide is composed of hexosamine, uronic acid, hexose, and proteins. The mucopolysaccharide was shown to possess unique migration rate on electrophoresis and thin layer chromatography.
In vitro granulocytic stem cell clonogenic capacity of marrow and spleen cells from mice infected with rauscher leukemia virus
Authors: Koltun Leonard A. , Broxmeyer Hal , Lobue Joseph , Fredrickson Torgny N. , Gordon Albert S. , Gallicchio Vincent
Published: February 2007

Bone marrow and spleen cells from early, midstage, and terminal Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV‐A)‐infected erythroleukemic mice were assessed for granulocyte stem cell (CFU‐c) clonogenic capacity in the semisolid agar culture assay. It was found that marrow CFU‐c concentrations exceeded normal in early stages of this erythroid disease but returned to near normal values during mid‐ and terminal phases. Splenic CFU‐c concentrations, on the other hand, were generally higher than control values for all stages of the disease. These results are discussed with reference to the pathogenesis of RLV‐A disease.
Immediate postmastectomy reconstruction
Authors: Rosato Francis E. , Fink Paul Jay , Horton Charles E. , Payne Robert L.
Published: February 2007

The role of reconstruction in the management of patients with problems related to breast cancer is of increasing importance. Immediate reconstruction is particularly applicable in those situations where prophylactic mastectomy is performed.

High‐risk groups who warrant such prophylactic mastectomy and reconstruction include those with florid cyst disease, a strong family history of breast cancer, the finding of lobular carcinoma in situ, multiple previous biopsies, and those who have severe and progressive mastodynia.

In those with smaller amounts of breast tissue, reconstruction is based on a double layer of tissue over a graft, one layer consisting of pectoral muscle and the other of breast skin.

In those with more abundant breast tissue, the two layers placed over the graft are both derived from skin flaps, the inner layer a free, denuded dermal graft from the inferior flap and the second layer, the superior breast skin flap itself.
Hemangiopericytoma of the urinary bladder: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Baumgartner George , Gaeta Juan , Wajsman Zew , Merrin Claude
Published: February 2007

A case of hemangiopericytoma arising in the urinary bladder is presented. Initial symptoms included hematuria and frequency of urination. Hemangiopericytoma is a vascular tumor of pericyte origin which occurs primarily in several organs and can be benign or malignant. Reports in the literature of genitourinary system involvement are reviewed. It is concluded that genitourinary tumors of this type should be considered malignant and treated aggressively.
Cell‐mediated immune response in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Olivari A. , Pradier R. , Feierstein J. , Guardo A. , Glait H. , Rojas A.
Published: February 2007

The immune reactivity of 100 head and neck cancer patients was studied by means of DNCB, candidine, blastic transformation with PHA, and lymphocyte counts.

DNCB reactivity was strong in only 21% of the population and was found impaired in patients with advanced primitive tumors, with more than one primitive tumor, and in patients after radiation.

Candidine reactivity was impaired in bigger primitive tumors, positive nodes, and advanced stages, as well as in postradiation patients.

Blastic transformation was significantly worse in patients over 70 years and tended to be lower in patients with more than one primitive tumor. Good blastic transformation was also lowered in postradiation patients.
Blood coagulation studies during six day heparinless venoarterial bypass in sheep
Authors: Wakabayashi Akio , Woolley Telford O. , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Chen Chi‐Chu , Mullin Paul J. , Fong Susie W. , Connolly John E.
Published: February 2007

Heparinless venoarterial bypass (HL‐VAB) was carried out in 16 sheep for 6 days, by means of a closed circuit tubing coated with nonthrombogenic polyurethane‐polyvinyl‐graphite (PPG) and a roller pump. Nine experiments were completed uneventfully. Seven sheep died during bypass. The causes of death were pneumonia (2), caseous granulomatous lung abscess (3) or abdominal abscess (1), and thromboembolism (1). The last complication was caused by inadvertent trauma to the PPG coating at the time of tubing connection.

In the animals in which HL‐VAB was uneventful, no significant changes were noted in the hematologic studies including white blood counts, platelet counts, hematocrit, plasma fibrinogen levels, prothrombin time, thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, Factors V and VIII, and free plasma hemoglobin levels.

Inconsistant changes in the above parameters were noted in the animals which died of complications.

In conclusion, prolonged HL‐VAB has no adverse effects on blood coagulation mechanism.
Rna tumor virus‐like activities in human solid tissues: Endogenous RNA:DNA polymerase activities in the prostate
Authors: Arya S. K. , Zeigel R. F. , Horoszewicz J. S. , Carter W. A.
Published: February 2007

Several human prostatic tissues have been examined for possible particles and associated DNA polymerizing activity generally associated with the C‐type RNA tumor virus family. Partially purified tissue extracts, when centrifuged to equilibrium in sucrose gradients, yield fractions which contain actinomycin D resistant, endogenous DNA polymerase activity; this activity bands at a density of 1.15‐1.18 gm/cm3. Further analysis of the endogenous products by sucrose gradient sedimentation suggested the presence of high molecular weight RNA:DNA hybrids generally felt to be indicative of a faithful copy of a lengthy stretch of viral specific RNA. However, most of the DNA products synthesized in these endogenous reactions sedimented in much lower molecular weight regions of these sucrose gradients. Clearly, the relative distributions of “high” and “low” molecular weight products could critically depend on the nuclease content of the subcellular fraction under study, and the prostate may be relatively enriched in nucleases. Further, oligo (dT) stimulated the endogenous DNA polymerase activity contained in these extracts, and omission of one of the DNA precursor nucleotides depressed it. Thus, it seems unlikely that terminal transferase activity, rather than genuine DNA polymerization, was being measured primarily. Because of the spectrum of molecular weight classes formed by these DNA:RNA hybrids, as well as their apparent presence in normal prostatic tissue, we find it difficult to ascribe their presence with certainty either to the presence of typical C‐type RNA viruses or to the exclusive behavior of the neoplastic prostatic tissue. Thus, our studies lend support to the growing evidence for functions similar to those of C‐type RNA viruses being relatively widespread in human tissues without the apparent necessity for a possible etiologic role in neoplastic production (Strand and August, 1974; Sherr et al., 1974). At the same time, our current studies emphasize the need for caution in drawing conclusions from results utilizing probes generally felt quite useful in scoring for presence of virus in lower animals at least in the human prostate.
Neuraminidase immunotherapy: Serum potentiation of lymphocyte cytotoxicity related to immunoglobulin levels
Authors: Miller Elizabeth E. , Brown Arthur S. , Johnson Joan L. , Moskovitz Anne , Wallack Marc K. , Rosato Ernest F. , Rosato Francis E.
Published: February 2007

Seven patients completed courses of immunotherapy using neuraminidase‐altered autochthonous cells. Their response to therapy was monitored by a cytotoxicity assay using 3 H‐proline‐tagged tumor cells from the patient's own cultured tumor in a strictly autologous system. Serum effects were measured by exposing the tumor target cells to serum to see whether this impeded (blocked) or augmented (potentiated) lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Three of the seven patients developed increasing degrees of serum blocking effect and all died within six months of completing therapy. Four of the seven showed rapidly decreasing blocking and three eventual potentiation. Three patients are living, improved, and free of evidence of tumor. There was an increase in average serum immunoglobulins in patients developing potentiation, and a decrease in those showing blocking. In any immunotherapy program attention must be given to in vitro monitoring studies, and such studies should include attention to the serum factors influencing host response.
Improved liquid cholesterol ester crystal thermography of the breast
Authors: Logan Wende W. , Lind Beverly
Published: February 2007

The infrared detection apparatus used in breast thermography is relatively costly and therefore is not widely available to less populated areas in the country. The use of liquid cholesterol crystals, applied to the breast (applied over a water‐base black dye) has already been described in the literature as an effective substitute for infrared instrument thermography. This method, however, has been hampered by the time and troublesome effort necessary for removal of the substances upon completion of the study.

The object of this study was to devise a feasible method of cutaneous breast thermography using liquid cholesterol esters, as in prior studies, but by applying them to an easily removable black base. As a result the length of the examination has been shortened, and patients have found the examination to be aesthetically more acceptable. With this improved method, liquid crystal thermography of the breast (and other areas) should become more widely applicable.
Radiation‐induced peritoneal mesothelioma
Authors: Babcock Terence L. , Powell Darryl H. , Bothwell Roger S.
Published: February 2007

A case report of a patient who developed peritoneal mesothelioma 7 years after internal and external irradiation for carcinoma of the cervix is reported. No previous reports of induction of this tumor by irradiation have been found. The subject of radiation‐induced tumors and peritoneal mesothelioma is briefly discussed.
The closure of abdominal wounds in cancer patients
Authors: Gallitano Alphonse L. , Kondi Edward S.
Published: February 2007

A total of 102 abdominal surgical wounds in cancer patients were closed with absorbable suture material. The object of the study was to evaluate whether patients with cancer having possible wound healing impairments could be closed with absorbable sutures, thereby omitting the difficulties involved with retention sutures or nonabsorbable material. Polyglycolic acid sutures were used in the fascia in all of these patients, and they were studied regarding the incidence of wound infection, wound dehiscence, and incisional hernias. There were no instances of wound dehiscence in the entire series. A wound infection rate of 14.8% was encountered. The incidence of incisional hernia following either infection or primary healing was noted to be markedly decreased. The rate of wound dehiscence and wound hernia was sufficiently low to lead us to recommend this type of abdominal wound closure in all cancer patients.
Adenosine‐aminohydrolase activity in the erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and plasma of healthy subjects and kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Keogh Brian , Pauly John , Tritsch George , Mittelman Arnold , Murphy Gerald P.
Published: February 2007

Adenosine‐aminohydrolase activity in the red blood cells and lymphocytes of transplant patients were assayed by continuous flow analysis. This enzyme, which has been implicated in the ability of lymphocytes to mount an immune response, was evaluated in renal allografted patients immunosuppressed by azothioprine and methylprednisone. Red cell adenosine‐aminohydrolase activity was depressed in all patients when compared to nontreated healthy controls. Adenosine aminohydrolase activity was raised in the lymphocytes of the renal allografted patients. Renal transplant patients' in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to antigens, mitogens, or skin testing to specific antigens, confirmed the depressive effects of immunosuppression observed in vivo. We conclude from these studies that red cell adenosine‐aminohydrolase activity may be a more sensitive index of the state of immunoresponsiveness than the corresponding enzyme activity in the lymphocyte.
Metastatic patterns of cancers of the lymphopoietic system in man
Authors: Viadana Enrico
Published: February 2007

Autopsy records are analyzed for 358 patients with reticulum cell sarcoma, lymphocytic lymphosarcoma, or Hodgkin's disease. These records belong to a series of 4,728 autopsy records collected by the Department of Pathology at Roswell Park Memorial Institute from 1957 through 1965.

This paper analyzes the distribution of metastases at specific sites in 3 malignant lymphomas. The concept of soil specificity is discussed in connection with the excess of metastases at specific sites. Soil specificity is defined as a higher than expected occurrence of metastases due to a cancer in an organ when compared to other similar primary cancers. In some instances, however, the excess of metastases in a specific site was sometimes also related to the site of origin of a malignant lymphoma. Entire series of organs located either in the abdomen or pelvis showed metastatic patterns which were very likely related to the primary sites of origin.

The metastatic patterns of lymphocytic lymphosarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma appeared to be markedly different from those of Hodgkin's disease. Reticulum cell and lymphocytic lymphosarcomas were not only more widespread than Hodgkin's disease, but the patterns of abdominal and pelvic metastases strongly suggested either their multifocal origin or a different sequence of events in the seeding of lymph node areas, as compared to those of Hodgkin's disease. The relationship between the degree of anaplasia of certain lymphomas and blood‐borne metastases is discussed.
Serum ribonuclease in patients with lung carcinoma
Authors: Marabella Patrick C. , Tritsch George L. , Moore Robert H. , Takita Hiroshi
Published: February 2007

Fifty‐one previously untreated cases of lung carcinoma and 7 normal healthy controls were evaluated with respect to serum ribonuclease (S‐RNase) levels. Cellular immunity was tested in 22 of these 51 cases by leukocyte migration inhibition test (MIT) using extract of culture cell line of lung carcinoma.

S‐RNase levels in lung carcinomas were significantly elevated. There appeared to be no difference in S‐RNase levels by histological classification. More striking was high S‐RNase level in disseminated versus localized cases. MIT results indicated impairment of cellular immunity in those cases of more elevated S‐RNase. S‐RNase may be implicated in blocking phenomenon associated with neoplastic disease.
Obesity obscuring breast cancer: A case report
Authors: Ariel Irving M. , Greenberg Joseph
Published: February 2007

There is normally a layer of fat in the breast between the parenchyma of the breast and the skin. This is frequently thin and does not preclude the palpation of a tumor mass which involves the breast parenchyma. In patients suffering from obesity this fat pad becomes much thicker and obscures any underlying masses arising from the breast parenchyma. A case is reported in which a woman who was markedly obese lost a significant amount of weight and presented a bulge which was found to be carcinoma. This situation, in which fat obscures underlying breast lesion, has been observed in a number of patients. Attention is called to the limited value of physical examination of the breast in markedly obese patients. If any suspicion exists or if the patient is a candidate for cancer from a familial standpoint, mammograms are indicated.
Changes in blood viscosity and plasma proteins in carcinoma
Authors: Tietjen George W. , Chien Shu , Scholz Peter , Gump Frank E. , Kinney John M.
Published: February 2007

Blood viscosity and plasma protein concentrations were measured in 31 patients with a variety of visceral carcinomas.

The mean whole blood viscosity was not elevated over normal controls because of a significantly lowered mean hematocrit. However, when hematocrit was eliminated as a variable by adjusting the hematocrit to 45%, the mean whole blood viscosity was significantly elevated in the group with carcinoma. Both the plasma viscosity and the tendency for red cell aggregation were significantly elevated in the group with carcinoma. The fibrinogen and globulin fractions were also significantly elevated

Since blood is a non‐Newtonian fluid, and its viscosity increases markedly at low shear rates, these rheological abnormalities would be most important at the low shear rates characteristic of the venous circulation. It is suggested that these abnormalities in blood viscosity and red cell aggregation may be contributing to the high incidence of venous thromboembolism seen in patients with neoplastic disease.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate‐phosphodiesterase (cAMP‐PDE) in lymphocytes from patients with stage III and IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Banner Robert L. , Vaughn William K. , Hagey King A. , Thompson W. Joseph , Hersh Evan M.
Published: February 2007

In vivo skin tests using multiple recall and primary antigens such as dinitrochlorobenzine (DNCB) have established that there is decreased cellular‐mediated immune response in patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. In vitro testing of lymphocytes using blastogenic mitogens as a measure of lymphocyte function has not always shown a statistical difference between patients and controls. cAMP‐PDE was assayed in lymphocytes from normal controls ‐ patients with benign conditions in various age groups. No significant difference was found in the specific activity (Vmax) or affinity (Km) in these groups. The mean average was used as a normal control value. In lymphocytes from untreated patients with Stage III and IV squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, the Vmax and Km of cAMP‐PDE were higher than the controls. This difference was statistically significant. Postoperative values were also determined but were not statistically different. There were no differences found in blastogenesis in these two groups.
The effect of pregnancy on the growth of primary methylcholanthrene sarcoma isografts
Authors: McLaughlin A. P. , Effron Marc K.
Published: February 2007

Primary isografts of a highly immunogenic methylcholanthrene tumor were injected into pregnant C57/BL mice. Tumor growth was studied and compared to isografts injected into virgin C57/BL mice preimmunized with fetal antigens. Significant in vivo enhancement of MCA tumor growth was noted in both intra‐ and interstrain pregnant mice compared with virgin controls. In addition, active preimmunization of virgin mice with hybrid fetal liver did not result in rejection of primary tumor isografts, suggesting that fetal antigens did not contribute to the immunogenicity of this MCA tumor.
Active immunization against spontaneous tumors in mice
Authors: Patrício M. B. , Clode W. H. , Ricardo J. A.
Published: February 2007

The incidence of spontaneous tumors was studied in a group of 136 female mice and in another group of 138 females after a sublethal dose of total body irradiation. Of the nonirradiated mice 10.2% developed mammary tumors, and 8% developed lung tumors. Of the irradiated mice 19.5% developed mammary tumors, 21.7% ovary tumors, 24.5% lung tumors, and 7.9% tumors in other organs.

A vaccine was prepared for only mammary and ovary tumors through an original technique. The results showed a significantly lower incidence of tumors in another two groups of mice that were immunized: in 80 nonirradiated vaccinated female mice, mammary tumors decreased from 10.2% to 2.5%, and in 78 irradiated and vaccinated female mice, mammary tumors decreased from 19.5% to 8.9% and ovary tumors from 21.7% to 3.8%. Lung tumors also decreased in the latter group, suggesting a common factor protecting the immunized mice.
Failure of adjuvant immunotherapy to prevent central nervous system metastases in malignant melanoma patients
Authors: Grooms Gary A. , Eilber Frederick R. , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

A review of our experience using BCG immunotherapy as a postsurgical adjunct in the treatment of melanoma shows that the incidence of systemic metastases appears to have been reduced. However, central nervous system (CNS) metastases continue to develop in these patients and represent the single most frequent cause of death. Serial studies of immune competence in these patients reveal that those with CNS metastases usually retain normal immune responses, whereas those with metastases at other sites exhibit progressive immunosuppression with advancing disease.
Architectural alteration of lymphatic tissue produced by extracorporeal thoracic duct filtration
Authors: Majeski James A. , Fitts C. Thomas , Sharbaugh Robert J.
Published: February 2007

Removal of recirculating lymphocytes from the lymph of calves by extracorporeal thoracic duct filtration results in a state of immunounresponsiveness. Accompanying this is histological evidence of lymphocyte depletion from the lymph organs and structures of the body. Lymph nodes, spleen, hemolymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and thymus appear depleted of the recirculating small lymphocyte. We find this closed model of lymphocyte depletion effective and free of severe problems with infections and physiological alterations as experienced in mechanical removal, extracorporeal irradiation, and open thoracic duct fistulas.
Cardiovascular involvement by invasive thymomas
Authors: Shin Myung Soo , Witten David M. , Han Sang Y. , Perrott Walter W.
Published: February 2007

We have observed 74 cases of thymoma from 1968 to 1974. Six cases of invasive (malignant) thymoma presented in an unusual fashion with signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disease and superior vena caval syndrome. The clinical, pathological, and roentgenographic features of these cases are presented. The literature concerning cardiovascular involvement by thymoma is reviewed and discussed.
The histomorphologic spectrum of endocervical (müllerian) adenocarcinoma —A potential prognostic indicator
Authors: Parker Joseph C. , Van Nagell John R. , Bissig Thomas
Published: February 2007

A review of all patients with endocervical adenocarcinoma seen at the University of Kentucky Medical Center from 1962 through 1972 yielded 15 patients with tissue‐verifiable primary endocervical adenocarcinoma that had no associated sarcomatous or squamoid features. These patients varied from 17 to 73 years old with a mean age of 47 years. A malignant clear cell pattern was present in 8 patients and in 3 of these individuals that prominent morphologic feature was associated with hobnail cells. Five patients with clear cell carcinomatous changes in the endocervix were born prior to the use of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and 2 of the remaining 3 patients were exposed to DES during the first trimester of pregnancy. Other morphologic types of endocervical adenocarcinoma included mucinous adenocarcinoma in 9 patients (60%) and basaloid adenocarcinoma in one patient (7%). Cellular atypia of endocervical glands, which in some areas was consistent with adenocarcinoma in situ was found in 9 of the 15 patients with invasive endocervical cancers. Both vessel invasion by tumor cells and tumor necrosis were associated with a poor prognosis.
Blood group distribution in prostatic cancer patients
Authors: Wajsman Zew , Saroff Jack , Murphy Gerald P.
Published: February 2007

Blood group distribution in 264 Stage D relapsing patients from the National Prostatic Cancer Project was analyzed. No significant differences were found in distribution of blood groups in prostatic cancer patients as compared to the control population. This study does not support the observation of others of a relationship between blood group A and susceptibility to carcinoma of the prostate. Other patient groups may, however, be of value in searching for this relationship.
Effects of immunosuppression on the rejection of methylcholanthrene tumor isografts
Authors: Jacobs Stephen C. , McLaughlin A. P. , Gittes R. F.
Published: February 2007

The effect of immunosuppression with azathioprine, methylprednisolone, or both, on primary and secondary immune responses to a transplanted tumor was studied. The ability to reject a methylcholanthrene‐induced squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate in Lewis rats was determined by rechallenge with tumor cells after amputation of the primary transplant. Oral azathioprine (20 mg/ kg/day) increased the incidence of tumors in a primary challenge, but did not affect the ability of immunized rats to reject subsequent tumor isografts. Similar results were obtained with 2 mg/kg/ day intraperitoneal (IP) azathioprine, 2 mg/kg/day IP methylprednisolone, and the combination of 2 mg/kg/day IP methylprednisolone and 10 mg/kg/day IP azathioprine. It appears that immunosuppression by azathioprine affects the proliferation of sensitized cells during the immunological response to antigens of this specific tumor. Immunosuppression does not appear to alter substantially the processing of tumor‐specific antigens or the cytotoxic effectiveness of the immune system. This data is reassuring to the concern of whether transplantation in patients previously cured of cancer is safe.
Effects of the combination of tumor‐specific and nonspecific immunization on tumor suppression
Authors: Mori Tsuneatsu , Sekiguchi Morimasa , Fujii Genshichiro , Inou Tsunamasa , Kitamura Masaru
Published: February 2007

The crushed whole Aoyama B cells attached to oil droplets were found to be most suitable for the adjuvant effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against tumor growth when judged by the criterion of effectiveness and a clinical application with minimal side effects. The immunogenicity of tumor cells was well stabilized and maintained with a suitable concentration of formalin; this was less than 1% and the optimum concentration was 0.05% or 0.1%. When the tumor cells treated with the optimum concentration of formalin were combined with suitable adjuvant, immunoprotection against the tumor progress was accelerated.
Five‐year follow‐up results of a collaborative study of therapies for carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Slack Nelson H. , Bross Irwin D. J. , Prout George R.
Published: February 2007

Results after 5 years of follow‐up in a cooperative trial of therapies for operable bladder cancer confirmed preliminary indications of a beneficial effect of preoperative irradiation. Improved survival was experienced by the one‐third of the irradiated patients who experienced complete eradication of the tumor as indicated from the resected specimen 30–60 days after a 30‐day course of 4,500 rads. These patients fiad a 55% chance of surviving 5 years as opposed to a 32% chance for those where irradiation did not eradicate the tumor, or similarly for those not irradiated. A postoperative course of chemotherapy with 5‐fluorouracial appeared to act detrimentally when given to patients irradiated preoperatively, but may have had a slight benefit when given after surgery alone.
The glucagonoma syndrome and its management
Authors: Kessinger Anne , Lemon Henry M. , Foley John F.
Published: February 2007

The glucagonoma syndrome occurs in some but not all patients with a benign or malignant islet cell tumor and hyperglucagonemia. Manifestations may include anemia, diabetes mellitus, pruritic skin rash, glossitis, stomatitis, weight loss, diarrhea, flexible fingernails, venous thromboses, low plasma amino acid levels, and coarse folds of the jejunum and ileum. Most patients are postmenopausal women, but men and women ages 40 to 65 have been affected. The course is variable depending upon the nature of the underlying tumor.

Twenty‐two cases of probable glucagonoma syndrome have been reported; twelve documented with glucagon levels. The hyperglucagonemia results from elevation of the proglucagon and true glucagon immunoreactive fractions of pancreatic glucagon.

Management of the rash can be accomplished rarely with topical or systemic antibiotics or corticosteroids. If the tumor is resectable, surgery reverses the syndrome. Patients with metastatic disease have responded to streptozotocin and DTIC.
Tattooing for preservation of oral and oropharyngeal cancer resection margins
Authors: McColl Harry A.
Published: February 2007

En bloc composite cancer surgery for head and neck tumors is now available with reconstruction. Pre‐operative adjuvant therapy threatens the concept of wide resection because of alteration of tumor margins. Pre‐irradiation tattooing at resection margins will preserve this fundamental surgical doctrine.
The adverse effects of elemental diets on tolerance for 5‐FU toxicity in the rat
Authors: Stanford John R. , King Dennis , Carey Larry , Anderson Gregg
Published: February 2007

The effects of a group of elemental diets on the gastrointestinal toxicity of 5‐FU in the Sprague Dawley rat were evaluated. Diarrhea, stomatitis, hypoalbuminemia, and early deaths were more frequent in the animals on elemental diets than in those consuming standard rat chow. Sepsis and hypoalbuminemia were directly related to the extent of protein hydrolysis of the particular elemental diet.
The combined effect of radiotherapy and neuraminidase‐treated tumor cells on 3‐methylcholanthrene‐induced fibrosarcoma
Authors: So Samuel K. S. , Song Chang Won , Rios Angelyn , Simmons Richard L.
Published: February 2007

Active immunotherapy with tumor cells treated in vitro with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) plus mitomycin C augments the antitumor effects of local x irradiation in the treatment of firmly established methylcholanthrene‐induced fibrosarcoma, MC‐43, in syngeneic C3H/HeJ female mice. In most experiments, the inhibition of tumor growth was greater when VCN‐treated tumor cells were combined with local irradiation than could be achieved with VCN‐treated tumor cells or local irradiation alone. Even in those experiments in which the immunotherapeutic effect of VCN‐treated cells was negligible, the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy appeared to be greater than irradiation alone. Similarly, total permanent regression of established tumors occurred more frequently after combined therapy than after immunotherapy or radiation therapy alone.
Response of lymphoid leukemia L1210 in mice to implantable sustained release cytosine arabinoside capsules
Authors: Fu J. C. , Khwaja T. , Moyer D. L. , Cummings L. , Varvan J. , Elshire D.
Published: February 2007

The lifespan of BDF mice with ascitic L1210 leukemia is more than doubled when they are treated with a single subcutaneously or intraperitoneally implanted sustained release cytosine arabinoside capsule. These capsules are drug‐polymer composites, with dimensions of 1.0 cm in diameter and 0.15 cm in thickness, and a drug content of 17 ± 3 mg each. Blank silicone rubber discs implanted intra‐peritoneally or subcutaneously in the leukemic mice produced no beneficial effects. Control healthy mice receiving the ARA‐C releasing capsules continued to live with no obvious signs of drug toxicity. In vitro release of ARA‐C from the discs was measured. Drug release was maintained above 20 micro‐grams per day for more than 35 days. ARA‐C extracted from discs recovered from implant studies showed that less than 16% of the total drug content was released in vivo.
Needle biopsy of endothoracic neoformations: A five‐year experience
Authors: Boaron Maurizio , Mattioli Galeazzo , Ravasi Gianni , Zingo Lorenzo
Published: February 2007

We dwell upon the importance of percutaneous biopsy in the diagnosis of endothoracic masses, comparing the results of the cutting needles to those of the fine needle aspiration biopsy.

We began utilizing the Vim‐Silverman needle with good results (73.7% diagnoses) and a small number of complications, only 1 of which needed treatment, but in the light of the severe and lethal complications described in the literature, we came to prefer the use of the fine needle aspiration technique, which provided good results, too, (74% diagnoses) and enlarged the diagnostic range of the percutaneous biopsy of the lung in cases of deep, or mediastinal masses.

We also hold that the use of cutting needles should not be given up: in fact when a technically good smear from an aspiration biopsy does not allow a diagnosis, we usually repeat the biopsy using a cutting needle, if there is no contraindication.
Excretory urography in evaluation of the surgical cancer patient
Authors: Bagley Demetrius H. , Sindelar William F. , Felix Edward L. , Doppman John L. , Ketcham Alfred S.
Published: February 2007

Excretory urography was performed routinely in 504 patients with sarcoma, melanoma, pelvic, head and neck, or other localized tumors over a 5‐year period. There were benign abnormalities in 14.4% of the patients examined, tumor associated abnormalities in 10.7%, and 1.4% false positives. The diagnosis of a benign lesion did not change cancer therapy in any patient. Findings on excretory urography were valuable in the management of patients with pelvic and intra‐abdominal tumors. In these patients ureteral obstruction was always caused by tumor. There was a high rate of false positivity in non‐abdominal tumors. No second primary tumors were found.
Antitumor tests of amygdalin in transplantable animal tumor systems
Authors: Stock C. Chester , Tarnowski George S. , Schmid Franz A. , Hutchison Dorris J. , Teller Morris N.
Published: February 2007

Except for oral administration, there was no grossly observed toxicity from carefully administered high doses of amygdalin in the experimental systems used. The compound in high doses was ineffective against the DMBA‐induced rat mammary carcinoma and the following transplanted experimental tumors: Sarcoma 180, plasma cell tumor LPC‐1, leukemia L1210, Mecca lymphosarcoma, Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma, sarcoma T241, mammary carcinoma E0771, Taper liver tumor, Ehrlich carcinoma (solid and ascites), and Walker carcinosarcoma 256. Amygdalin did not noticeably influence the toxicity or impair the efficacy of these chemotherapeutic agents in their respective systems: Cytosine arabinoside, methotrexate, cytoxan, or 5‐fluorouracil in L1210; the latter two in LPC‐1;6‐mercapto‐purine in Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma; estradiol‐17β or 2α‐methyldihydrotestosterone propionate in the DMBA‐induced rat mammary carcinoma.