bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PET/MRI and Novel Targets for Breast Cancer
Authors: Chung Hyun Woo , Park Kyoung Sik , Lim Ilhan , Noh Woo Chul , Yoo Young Bum , Nam Sang Eun , So Young , Lee Eun Jeong
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer, with its global prevalence and impact on women’s health, necessitates effective early detection and accurate staging for optimal patient outcomes. Traditional imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play crucial roles in local-regional assessment, while bone scintigraphy and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) aid in evaluating distant metastasis. Despite the proven utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in various cancers, its limitations in breast cancer, such as high false-negative rates for small and low-grade tumors, have driven exploration into novel targets for PET radiotracers, including estrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, fibroblast activation protein, and hypoxia. The advent of PET/MRI, which combines metabolic PET information with high anatomical detail from MRI, has emerged as a promising tool for breast cancer diagnosis, staging, treatment response assessment, and restaging. Technical advancements including the integration of PET and MRI, considerations in patient preparation, and optimized imaging protocols contribute to the success of dedicated breast and whole-body PET/MRI. This comprehensive review offers the current technical aspects and clinical applications of PET/MRI for breast cancer. Additionally, novel targets in breast cancer for PET radiotracers beyond glucose metabolism are explored.
Transforming Object Design and Creation: Biomaterials and Contemporary Manufacturing Leading the Way
Authors: Kantaros Antreas , Ganetsos Theodore , Petrescu Florian Ion Tiberiu
Published: January 2024

In the field of three-dimensional object design and fabrication, this paper explores the transformative potential at the intersection of biomaterials, biopolymers, and additive manufacturing. Drawing inspiration from the intricate designs found in the natural world, this study contributes to the evolving landscape of manufacturing and design paradigms. Biomimicry, rooted in emulating nature’s sophisticated solutions, serves as the foundational framework for developing materials endowed with remarkable characteristics, including adaptability, responsiveness, and self-transformation. These advanced engineered biomimetic materials, featuring attributes such as shape memory and self-healing properties, undergo rigorous synthesis and characterization procedures, with the overarching goal of seamless integration into the field of additive manufacturing. The resulting synergy between advanced manufacturing techniques and nature-inspired materials promises to revolutionize the production of objects capable of dynamic responses to environmental stimuli. Extending beyond the confines of laboratory experimentation, these self-transforming objects hold significant potential across diverse industries, showcasing innovative applications with profound implications for object design and fabrication. Through the reduction of waste generation, minimization of energy consumption, and the reduction of environmental footprint, the integration of biomaterials, biopolymers, and additive manufacturing signifies a pivotal step towards fostering ecologically conscious design and manufacturing practices. Within this context, inanimate three-dimensional objects will possess the ability to transcend their static nature and emerge as dynamic entities capable of evolution, self-repair, and adaptive responses in harmony with their surroundings. The confluence of biomimicry and additive manufacturing techniques establishes a seminal precedent for a profound reconfiguration of contemporary approaches to design, manufacturing, and ecological stewardship, thereby decisively shaping a more resilient and innovative global milieu.
Advances in the Application of Transition-Metal Composite Nanozymes in the Field of Biomedicine
Authors: Wang Huixin , Cheng Chunfang , Zhao Jingyu , Han Fangqin , Zhao Guanhui , Zhang Yong , Wang Yaoguang
Published: January 2024

Due to the limitation that natural peroxidase enzymes can only function in relatively mild environments, nanozymes have expanded the application of enzymology in the biological field by dint of their ability to maintain catalytic oxidative activity in relatively harsh environments. At the same time, the development of new and highly efficient composite nanozymes has been a challenge due to the limitations of monometallic particles in applications and the inherently poor enzyme-mimetic activity of composite nanozymes. The inherent enzyme-mimicking activity is due to Au, Ag, and Pt, along with other transition metals. Moreover, the nanomaterials exhibit excellent enzyme-mimicking activity when composited with other materials. Therefore, this paper focuses on composite nanozymes with simulated peroxidase activity that have been prepared using noble metals such as Au, Ag, and Pt and other transition metal nanoparticles in recent years. Their simulated enzymatic activity is utilized for biomedical applications such as glucose detection, cancer cell detection and tumor treatment, and antibacterial applications.
Understanding DNA Epigenetics by Means of Raman/SERS Analysis for Cancer Detection
Authors: David Luca , Onaciu Anca , Toma Valentin , Borșa Rareș-Mario , Moldovan Cristian , Țigu Adrian-Bogdan , Cenariu Diana , Șimon Ioan , Știufiuc Gabriela-Fabiola , Carasevici Eugen , Drăgoi Brîndușa , Tomuleasa Ciprian , Știufiuc Rareș-Ionuț
Published: January 2024

This study delves into the intricate interaction between DNA and nanosystems, exploring its potential implications for biomedical applications. The focus lies in understanding the adsorption geometry of DNA when in proximity to plasmonic nanoparticles, utilizing ultrasensitive vibrational spectroscopy techniques. Employing a combined Raman-SERS analysis, we conducted an in-depth examination to clarify the molecular geometry of interactions between DNA and silver nanoparticles. Our findings also reveal distinctive spectral features regarding DNA samples due to their distinctive genome stability. To understand the subtle differences occurring between normal and cancerous DNA, their thermal stability was investigated by means of SERS measurement performed before and after a thermal treatment at 94 °C. It was proved that thermal treatment did not affect DNA integrity in the case of normal cells. On the other hand, due to epimutation pattern that characterizes cancerous DNA, variations between spectra recorded before and after heat treatment were observed, suggesting genome instability. These findings highlight the potential of DNA analysis using SERS for cancer detection. They demonstrate the applicability of this approach to overcoming challenges associated with low DNA concentrations (e.g., circulating tumor DNA) that occur in biofluids. In conclusion, this research contributes significant insights into the nanoscale behavior of DNA in the presence of nanosystems.
Unveiling Neurocognitive Disparities in Encoding and Retrieval between Paper and Digital Tablet-Based Learning
Authors: Lee Si-An , Hong Jun-Hwa , Kim Na-Yeon , Min Hye-Min , Yang Ha-Min , Lee Si-Hyeon , Choi Seo-Jin , Park Jin-Hyuck
Published: January 2024

The widespread use of mobile devices and laptops has replaced traditional paper-based learning and the question of how the brain efficiency of digital tablet-based learning differs from that of paper-based learning remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in brain efficiency for learning between paper-based and digital tablet-based learning by measuring activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Thirty-two subjects were randomly assigned to the paper-based learning or the digital tablet-based learning group. Subjects in each group performed a memory task that required memorizing a three-minute novel (encoding phase) on a paper or digital tablet, followed by a test in which they answered four multiple-choice questions based on the novel’s content. To compare both groups, behavioral performance on the test (retrieval phase) and activity in the PFC were measured. As a result, no significant difference in behavioral performance between both groups was observed (p > 0.05). However, the paper-based learning group showed significantly lower activity in the PFC in the encoding phase than the digital tablet-based learning group (p < 0.05) but not in the retrieval phase. The current study demonstrated that brain efficiency in encoding is higher in subjects with paper-based learning than those with digital tablet-based learning. This finding has important implications for education, particularly in terms of the pros and cons of electronic document-based learning.
Does Overqualification Play a Promoting or a Hindering Role? The Impact of Public Employees’ Perceived Overqualification on Workplace Behaviors
Authors: Shang Zhe , Zuo Chenhui , Shi Yan , Zhou Ting
Published: January 2024

Drawing upon the conservation of resource theory, we offer a framework for understanding the mechanism underlying the effect of public employees’ overqualification on their cognitive and behavioral outcomes, through both positive and negative paths. We propose that perceived overqualification elicits two subjective cognitions, namely, perceived control and psychological entitlement, which further lead to public employees’ behaviors through approach (organizational citizenship behavior) and avoidance (workplace deviance behavior) tendencies. A total of 421 public employees participated in the three-stage time-lag investigation. The findings indicated that public employees’ perceived overqualification is positively related to perceived control, and perceived control is positively related to organizational citizenship behavior. Perceived control completely mediates the relationship between perceived overqualification and organizational citizenship behavior. Perceived overqualification is positively related to psychological entitlement, and psychological entitlement is positively related to workplace deviance behavior. Psychological entitlement completely mediates the relationship between perceived overqualification and workplace deviance behavior. This study constructed a double-edged sword model of perceived overqualification based on the public sector, discussing the influence of public employees’ perceived overqualification on their workplace behaviors from the perspective of resource assessment and self-evaluation, and providing theoretical guidance for the practice of human resource management within the public sector.
Maternal Pregnancy and Pre-Pregnancy Weight and Behavioural Outcomes in Children
Authors: Dachew Berihun A. , Adane Akilew A. , Alati Rosa
Published: January 2024

Reported associations of pre-pregnancy weight and/or gestational weight gain with offspring behavioural outcomes are inconsistent. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), this study aimed to examine these associations at five developmental stages between the ages of 3 and 16. Over 6800 mother–offspring pairs at age 3 and 3925 pairs at age 16 were included. Pre-pregnancy underweight was associated with a 22% increased risk of total behavioural difficulties (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.02–1.45). In separate analyses using the SDQ subscales, pre-pregnancy underweight was linked to a 37% (OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.14–1.65) and 33% (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.01–1.76) increased risk of emotional symptoms and prosocial behaviour problems over time, respectively. While pre-pregnancy overweight was associated with an 11% (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.20) and 18% (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.03–1.36) increased risk of conduct and peer relationship problems, respectively, pregnancy obesity was associated with a 43% increased risk of emotional problems (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.16–1.77). We found no evidence of associations between gestational weight gain and child behaviour except for a reduced risk in prosocial behaviour problems (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.70–0.96). Our findings provide insights into the link between preconception BMI and child behaviour, underscoring the necessity for further research to validate these associations and elucidate underlying mechanisms.
Seeing as Feeling? The Impact of Tactile Compensation Videos on Consumer Purchase Intention
Authors: Jiang Kan , Luo Shaohua , Zheng Junyuan
Published: January 2024

The lack of tactile experience is a significant flaw in online product evaluation and purchasing, but visual information can be utilized to compensate for tactile deficits. This study constructed a conceptual model based on mental imagery theory, innovativeness theory, and the personal goals framework, to explore the mechanism of visual–tactile compensation on consumer purchase intention. We conducted an online experiment with 406 participants recruited from a community and online store in Southern China and tested the research hypotheses using structural equation modeling. The findings suggest that visually compensated tactile perceived diagnosticity promotes mental imagery and sensory similarity, which, in turn, affects purchase intention. Theoretically, this study enriches the current explanations of online haptics by explaining the mechanisms by which haptic demonstration videos influence consumers’ haptic evaluations and behavioral responses, as well as the moderating role of personal goals therein; practically, this study offers advice for retailers seeking to build or expand their tactile marketing strategies.
Design and Analysis of a New Prefabricated Foundation for Onshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Li Xinyu , Hao Huageng , Wang Haijun , Zhang Liying , Guo Yaohua , Lian Jijian , Du Yanyi , Wang Xianwen , Zeng Cong
Published: January 2024

A new type of prefabricated foundation for onshore wind power was proposed in this paper. The stress and bearing mechanism of the new foundation was explored through theoretical calculation and finite element analysis. The results show that compared with the extended foundation in the same position, the amount of concrete in the new foundation is reduced by 30.00%, and the amount of rebars are reduced by 34.69%. The new prefabricated foundation has been inspected and calculated according to the specification. The calculation results indicate that the stress and initial reinforcement of the foundation meet the specification requirements. The bearing capacity, inclination rate, deformation, and stability of the foundation meet the requirements. Through finite element analysis, it is further confirmed that the structure meets the requirements of wind turbine operation, and the overall force meets the requirements of various indicators. The stress distribution of the foundation concrete and rebars is reasonable and uniform, and the load transfer is great. Also, the maximum stress of rebars and concrete does not exceed the specification limit, and the concrete remains intact without cracking or damage. The new foundation structural design and theoretical analysis were reasonable and accurate, and can be put into application in the future.
Stabilization and Recycling of Sand in Pedestrian Walkways
Authors: Hussain Mazhar , Zmamou Hafida , Provost Antony , Romero Paula Andrea Higuera , Mahieu Angélique , Leblanc Nathalie , Levacher Daniel , Kane Abdoulaye
Published: January 2024

The production of construction and demolition waste (CDW) in urban areas is growing rapidly. While the storage and disposal of CDW waste is costly, its recovery can help to conserve natural resources. This study investigates the characteristics of recycled sand obtained from the processing of CDW waste and the possibility of its reuse for pedestrian pathways. Physico-chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the recycled sand were investigated for its reuse. The percentage of fine particles in sand (below 0.63 μm) is 2.8%. The grain size of sand fulfills the particle size requirement of French standards. The methylene blue value of sand is 0.05 g/100 g. The GTR classification of recycled sand is D2 which is insensitive to water and suitable for road applications. A mineralogical analysis of soil shows that quartz, albite and microcline are important minerals in recycled sand. XRF analysis shows that CaO and SiO2 are major oxides in the recycled sand. The characterization of sand was followed by a manufacturing of cylindrical specimens of sand to observe the compressive strength. Samples were compacted with dynamic compaction by applying the Proctor normal energy of 600 kN·m/m3. The compressive strength testing of specimens shows that non-stabilized sand samples have compressive strength around 0.1 MPa which is considerably lower for its reuse in pedestrian pathways and road applications. Due to the low bearing capacity of sand, recycled sand was stabilized with the addition of binders such as Rolac (hydraulic binder), ground-granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and ECOSOIL® (slag mixes) with different percentages of the binder ranging from 0 to 7% for the optimization of the binder and for economic efficiency. The compressive strength of sand samples increases with the increasing percentage of the binder. The increase in strength is more important with a higher percentage of binders (5%, 6% and 7%). At a 7% binder addition, specimens with Rolac, GGBS and ECOSOIL binders show the compressive strength of 1.2 MPa, 0.5 MPa and 0.5 MPa. At a 7% Rolac addition, specimens have a compressive strength higher than 1 MPa and meet the strength requirement for soil reuse in the foundation and subbase layers of roads with low traffic. The experimental work shows that recycled sand can replace conventional quarry sand for road applications and pathways with the addition of a local binder, which is an eco-friendly and economical practice.
A Study on the Effects of Punch-to-Span Ratio and Longitudinal Reinforcement Eigenvalues on the Bearing Capacity of RC Slab–Column Connections
Authors: Wei Xianglan , Lu Liangjian , Ke Naiwen , Jia Yigang , Wu Guangyu
Published: January 2024

The region of the RC slab–column connection is subject to complex forces and is susceptible to localized damage, leading to progressive collapse incidents, which has raised considerable concern among the engineering community. At present, the research on slab–column connections exhibits several shortcomings, including a limited number of specimens, incomplete consideration of various factors, and unclear boundaries in defining failure modes. A comprehensive consideration of the punch–span ratio (a/h0) and longitudinal reinforcement eigenvalues (ρƒy/ƒc) is lacking, and the calculation formula for load bearing is not subdivided based on distinct failure modes. In this study, finite element software is utilized to construct 42 models of slab–column connections. The variables considered encompass three factors: the punch–span ratio, the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and concrete strength. The examination and evaluation encompass the analysis of the load–displacement curve, reinforcement stress change curve, section crack distribution pattern, and stress contour map obtained through model loading. The primary parameters defining the boundaries of the three failure modes in the slab–column connection are the punch–span ratio and longitudinal reinforcement eigenvalues. Utilizing the punch–span ratio and longitudinal reinforcement eigenvalues as key parameters, a punching and flexural failure model for slab–column connections without abdominal bars is formulated. The calculation formula for bearing capacity, encompassing flexural, flexural and punching, and punching shear failure, is derived. A comparison between the revised formula and the standard formulas from major countries indicates that the revised formula is more comprehensive, providing a more accurate and secure prediction within the scope of this study.
17q Gain in Neuroblastoma: A Review of Clinical and Biological Implications
Authors: Mlakar Vid , Dupanloup Isabelle , Gonzales Fanny , Papangelopoulou Danai , Ansari Marc , Gumy-Pause Fabienne
Published: January 2024

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most frequent extracranial solid childhood tumor. Despite advances in the understanding and treatment of this disease, the prognosis in cases of high-risk NB is still poor. 17q gain has been shown to be the most frequent genomic alteration in NB. However, the significance of this remains unclear because of its high frequency and association with other genetic modifications, particularly segmental chromosomal aberrations, 1p and 11q deletions, and MYCN amplification, all of which are also associated with a poor clinical prognosis. This work reviewed the evidence on the clinical and biological significance of 17q gain. It strongly supports the significance of 17q gain in the development of NB and its importance as a clinically relevant marker. However, it is crucial to distinguish between whole and partial chromosome 17q gains. The most important breakpoints appear to be at 17q12 and 17q21. The former distinguishes between whole and partial chromosome 17q gain; the latter is a site of IGF2BP1 and NME1 genes that appear to be the main oncogenes responsible for the functional effects of 17q gain.
RNA Binding Protein PTBP1 Promotes the Metastasis of Gastric Cancer by Stabilizing PGK1 mRNA
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Liang Ce , Wang Shimin , Ma Qiang , Pan Xiaojuan , Ran Ai , Qin Changhong , Huang Bo , Yang Feifei , Liu Yuying , Zhang Yuying , Ren Junwu , Ning Hao , Li Haiping , Jiang Yan , Xiao Bin
Published: January 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common type of malignant tumor within the gastrointestinal tract, and GC metastasis is associated with poor prognosis. Polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) is an RNA-binding protein implicated in various types of tumor development and metastasis. However, the role of PTBP1 in GC metastasis remains elusive. In this study, we verified that PTBP1 was upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines, and higher PTBP1 level was associated with poorer prognosis. It was shown that PTBP1 knockdown in vitro inhibited GC cell migration, whereas PTBP1 overexpression promoted the migration of GC cells. In vivo, the knockdown of PTBP1 notably reduced both the size and occurrence of metastatic nodules in a nude mice liver metastasis model. We identified phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) as a downstream target of PTBP1 and found that PTBP1 increased the stability of PGK1 by directly binding to its mRNA. Furthermore, the PGK1/SNAIL axis could be required for PTBP1’s function in the promotion of GC cell migration. These discoveries suggest that PTBP1 could be a promising therapeutic target for GC.
Unlocking the Potential of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Cellular Responses and Secretome Profiles in Peptide Hydrogel 3D Culture
Authors: Cui Muyun , Wu Wei , Li Quan , Qi Guangyan , Liu Xuming , Bai Jianfa , Chen Mingshun , Li Ping , Sun Xiuzhi (Susan)
Published: January 2024

Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have shown great potential for human health, but their growth and properties have been significantly limited by the traditional monolayer (2D) cell culture method for more than 15 years. Three-dimensional (3D) culture technology has demonstrated tremendous advantages over 2D. In particular, the 3D PGmatrix hiPSC derived from a peptide hydrogel offers a breakthrough pathway for the maintenance and expansion of physiologically relevant hiPSC 3D colonies (spheroids). In this study, the impact of 3D culture conditions in PGmatrix hiPSC on cell performance, integrity, and secretome profiles was determined across two commonly used hiPSC cell lines derived from fibroblast cells (hiPSC-F) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hiPSC-P) in the two most popular hiPSC culture media (mTeSR1 and essential eight (E8)). The 3D culture conditions varied in hydrogel strength, 3D embedded matrix, and 3D suspension matrix. The results showed that hiPSCs cultured in 3D PGmatrix hiPSC demonstrated the ability to maintain a consistently high cell viability that was above 95% across all the 3D conditions with cell expansion rates of 10–20-fold, depending on the 3D conditions and cell lines. The RT-qPCR analysis suggested that pluripotent gene markers are stable and not significantly affected by the cell lines or 3D PGmatrix conditions tested in this study. Mass spectrometry-based analysis of secretome from hiPSCs cultured in 3D PGmatrix hiPSC revealed a significantly higher quantity of unique proteins, including extracellular vesicle (EV)-related proteins and growth factors, compared to those in the 2D culture. Moreover, this is the first evidence to identify that hiPSCs in a medium with a rich supplement (i.e., mTeSR1) released more growth-regulating factors, while in a medium with fewer supplements (i.e., E8) hiPSCs secreted more survival growth factors and extracellular proteins. These findings offer insights into how these differences may impact hiPSC behavior, and they deepen our understanding of how hiPSCs respond to 3D culture conditions, aiding the optimization of hiPSC properties in translational biomedical research toward clinical applications.
Allogeneic CAR-T Therapy Technologies: Has the Promise Been Met?
Authors: Lonez Caroline , Breman Eytan
Published: January 2024

This last decade, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has become a real treatment option for patients with B-cell malignancies, while multiple efforts are being made to extend this therapy to other malignancies and broader patient populations. However, several limitations remain, including those associated with the time-consuming and highly personalized manufacturing of autologous CAR-Ts. Technologies to establish “off-the-shelf” allogeneic CAR-Ts with low alloreactivity are currently being developed, with a strong focus on gene-editing technologies. Although these technologies have many advantages, they have also strong limitations, including double-strand breaks in the DNA with multiple associated safety risks as well as the lack of modulation. As an alternative, non-gene-editing technologies provide an interesting approach to support the development of allogeneic CAR-Ts in the future, with possibilities of fine-tuning gene expression and easy development. Here, we will review the different ways allogeneic CAR-Ts can be manufactured and discuss which technologies are currently used. The biggest hurdles for successful therapy of allogeneic CAR-Ts will be summarized, and finally, an overview of the current clinical evidence for allogeneic CAR-Ts in comparison to its autologous counterpart will be given.
GDF15 Modulates the Zoledronic-Acid-Induced Hyperinflammatory Mechanoresponse of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts
Authors: Nitzsche Ann , Hennig Christoph-Ludwig , von Brandenstein Katrin , Döding Annika , Schulze-Späte Ulrike , Symmank Judit , Jacobs Collin
Published: January 2024

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is thought to be impeded by bisphosphonate (BP) therapy, mainly due to increased osteoclast apoptosis and changes in the periodontal ligament (PdL), a connecting tissue between the alveolar bone and teeth. PdL cells, mainly fibroblasts (PdLFs), are crucial regulators in OTM by modulating force-induced local inflammatory processes. Recently, we identified the TGF-β/BMP superfamily member GDF15 as an important modulator in OTM, promoting the pro-inflammatory mechanoresponses of PdLFs. The precise impact of the highly potent BP zoledronate (ZOL) on the mechanofunctionality of PdLFs is still under-investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further characterize the ZOL-induced changes in the initial inflammatory mechanoresponse of human PdLFs (hPdLFs) and to further clarify a potential interrelationship with GDF15 signaling. Thus, two-day in vitro treatment with 0.5 µM, 5 µM and 50 µM of ZOL altered the cellular properties of hPdLFs partially in a concentration-dependent manner. In particular, exposure to ZOL decreased their metabolic activity, the proliferation rate, detected using Ki-67 immunofluorescent staining, and survival, analyzed using trypan blue. An increasing occurrence of DNA strand breaks was observed using TUNEL and an activated DNA damage response was demonstrated using H2A.X (phosphoS139) staining. While the osteogenic differentiation of hPdLFs was unaffected by ZOL, increased cellular senescence was observed using enhanced p21Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1 and β-galactosidase staining. In addition, cytokine-encoding genes such as IL6, IL8, COX2 and GDF15, which are associated with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, were up-regulated by ZOL. Subsequently, this change in the hPdLF phenotype promoted a hyperinflammatory response to applied compressive forces with an increased expression of the pro-inflammatory markers IL1β, IL6 and GDF15, as well as the activation of monocytic THP1 cells. GDF15 appeared to be particularly relevant to these changes, as siRNA-mediated down-regulation balanced these hyperinflammatory responses by reducing IL-1β and IL-6 expression (IL1B p-value < 0.0001; IL6 p-value < 0.001) and secretion (IL-1β p-value < 0.05; IL-6 p-value < 0.001), as well as immune cell activation (p-value < 0.0001). In addition, ZOL-related reduced RANKL/OPG values and inhibited osteoclast activation were enhanced in GDF15-deficient hPdLFs (both p-values < 0.0001; all statistical tests: one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test). Thus, GDF15 may become a promising new target in the personalized orthodontic treatment of bisphosphonatepatients.
Astroglial Cells: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Czyżewski Wojciech , Mazurek Marek , Sakwa Leon , Szymoniuk Michał , Pham Jennifer , Pasierb Barbara , Litak Jakub , Czyżewska Ewa , Turek Michał , Piotrowski Bartłomiej , Torres Kamil , Rola Radosław
Published: January 2024

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) represents a significant health concern, necessitating advanced therapeutic interventions. This detailed review explores the critical roles of astrocytes, key cellular constituents of the central nervous system (CNS), in both the pathophysiology and possible rehabilitation of TBI. Following injury, astrocytes exhibit reactive transformations, differentiating into pro-inflammatory (A1) and neuroprotective (A2) phenotypes. This paper elucidates the interactions of astrocytes with neurons, their role in neuroinflammation, and the potential for their therapeutic exploitation. Emphasized strategies encompass the utilization of endocannabinoid and calcium signaling pathways, hormone-based treatments like 17β-estradiol, biological therapies employing anti-HBGB1 monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy targeting Connexin 43, and the innovative technique of astrocyte transplantation as a means to repair damaged neural tissues.
A Review of Environmental Challenges Facing Martian Colonisation and the Potential for Terrestrial Microbes to Transform a Toxic Extraterrestrial Environment
Authors: Keaney Daniel , Lucey Brigid , Finn Karen
Published: January 2024

Mars is a focus of New Space Age exploration and colonisation, but there are significant challenges to successful colonisation by humankind. Environmental microbes play a key role in supporting the ecosystems of Earth, especially within the biodegradation and bioremediation sectors. However, the repurposed roles of microbes on Mars and their associated uses to colonists remain incompletely defined. The aim of this review was to examine the key roles of microbes on Earth and how they have been employed by humans to tackle four pivotal environmental challenges associated with the colonisation of Mars, namely the physical environment, the creation of a hospitable environment via terraforming, environmental sustainability and life support, and finally, renewable processing technologies. Some species of microbes were found to be tolerant of the ever-changing physical environment on Mars (freeze–thaw and UVC exposure) making them useful for bioremediation applications. Employing perchlorate-remediating microbes for their ability to bioremediate the soils of sodium perchlorate, which is present in Martian soils, in addition to their innate ability to cycle nutrients through the biosphere showed promise in establishing sustained crops to support colonists. The employment of terrestrial environmental microbes is a necessary part of overcoming key environmental challenges to successfully colonise Mars. Without this, future New Space exploration is unlikely to be successful.
A Review on Metal Oxide Semiconductor-Based Chemo-Resistive Ethylene Sensors for Agricultural Applications
Authors: Hu Kongcan , Cai Yahan , Wang Ziru , Zhang Zhengwei , Xian Jieyu , Zhang Cheng
Published: January 2024

Ethylene, an important phytohormone, significantly influences plant growth and the ripeness of fruits and vegetables. During the transportation and storage of agricultural products, excessive ethylene can lead to economic losses due to rapid deterioration. Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)-based chemo-resistive sensors are a promising technology for the detection of ethylene due to their low cost, high sensitivity, portability, etc. This review comprehensively summarizes the materials, fabrications, agricultural applications, and sensing mechanisms of these sensors. Moreover, the current challenges are highlighted and the potential solutions are proposed.
Association between Weight for Length and the Severity of Respiratory Morbidity in Preterm Infants
Authors: Alur Pradeep , Harvey Kristen , Hart Kyle , Yimer Wondwosen K. , Thekkeveedu Renjithkumar Kalikkot
Published: January 2024

Association Between Weight for Length and the Severity of Respiratory Morbidity in Preterm Infants. Objective: To determine whether higher weight-to-length z-scores after 32 weeks of gestation are associated with higher pulmonary scores (PSs) in preterm infants requiring respiratory support using a prospective observational study. Methods: Infants born at <30 weeks, with a post-menstrual age (PMA) of 30–33 weeks, were enrolled. The infant’s weight, length, and head circumference were measured weekly. Data on calories/kg/d, protein g/kg/d, weight-for-length percentiles, z-scores, and BMI at 33 through 40 weeks PMA were collected. The PS was calculated. Results: We analyzed 91 infants. The mean gestational age was 26.9 ± 1.7 weeks. The mean birthweight was 0.898 ± 0.238 kgs. They were predominantly African American (81.3%) and girls (56%). Postnatal steroids were administered in 26.4% of the infants. The mean duration of invasive ventilation was 19.23 days ± 28.30 days. There was a significant association between the PS and W/L z-score (p < 0.0001). For every one-unit increase in W/L z-score, the PS increased by 0.063. There was a significant association between the PS and W/L percentile (p = 0.0017), as well as BMI (p ≤ 0.0001). For every unit increase in W/L percentile, the PS increased by 0.002, and for a unit increase in BMI, the PS increased by 0.04. The association remained significant after postnatal steroid use, sex, and corrected and birth gestational ages were included in the regression analysis. Nutrition did not affect the anthropometric measurements. Conclusions: Our study is the first to demonstrate that a higher BMI and W/L may adversely affect the respiratory severity in preterm infants. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings.
Impact of Socioeconomic Inequalities on Dental Caries Status in Sardinian Children
Authors: Dettori Marco , Arghittu Antonella , Cappai Andrea , Castiglia Paolo , Campus Guglielmo ,   Children’s Smiles Sardinian Group
Published: January 2024

Background: The association between oral health of schoolchildren living in the North Sardinia area and socioeconomic deprivation was assessed to evaluate a potential spatial correlation. Methods: A total of 10,947 subjects were examined (5281 aged 3–5-years, and 5666 aged 6–11-years). The WHO dmft index score was calculated following clinical examination by calibrated examiners. The Sardinian Deprivation Index (IDMS) of the children’s municipalities was also considered. Descriptive, bivariate and multinomial data analysis was conducted to assess the association between clinical data and socioeconomic deprivation. The presence of systematic spatial variation regarding caries experience (dmft) and deprivation status was investigated using a spatial autoregressive analysis. Results: Caries figures were statistically different in the two age groups (dmf > 0, 13.79% in the younger group vs. dmf > 0, 34.20% in the older one, p < 0.01). In a multinomial logistic regression model for caries experience, all the covariates were statistically significantly associated (p < 0.01) in comparison with the base outcome “caries-free”. Linear regression analysis showed a dependence of dmft on IDMS (p < 0.01). Based on this equation, the dmft of the 39 municipalities that did not participate in the survey was estimated. IDMS was statistically significantly associated (p < 0.01) with caries prevalence in the spatial regression model. Conclusions: The deprivation index significantly increased the risk of caries for all categories of caries experience and prevalence compared to caries-free. The relationship between IDMS and caries data was also confirmed by spatial analysis.
Climatology of Synoptic Non-Gaussian Meteorological Anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere during 1979–2018
Authors: Loginov Sergey , Moraru Evgeniia , Kharyutkina Elena , Sudakow Ivan
Published: January 2024

The analysis of spatial and temporal variability in the number of non-Gaussian extreme anomalies of climatic parameters was carried out for both the initial time series and synoptic variability in the troposphere of the Northern Hemisphere over the period 1979–2018, based on ERA-Interim reanalysis data. There are predominantly three types of empirical distribution densities at 850 hPa, each characterizing the processes of advective and convective heat transfer. At the beginning of the 21st century, compared to the end of the 20th century, there was an increase in the number of anomalies in vertical wind speed and specific humidity for the Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, there is an increase in the number of zonal wind speed anomalies in the low and middle latitudes. Regions with the maximum number of anomalies are primarily located over the continents, while for vertical wind speed anomalies, they are predominantly over the oceans. The application of R/S analysis and multifractal analysis has established that the identified tendencies (which are persistent processes) will continue in the identified regions. The time series of non-Gaussian anomalies (both initial and synoptic scales) exhibit a long-term memory of approximately four years, and synoptic extreme anomalies were found to be more predictable.
Enhancement of the Surface Hydrophilicity of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Using Hyperbranched Polylysine with Polydopamine
Authors: Zhang Yixian , Wang Dong , Xu Ying , Wen Li , Dong Jian , Wang Liming
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the application of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material has significantly expanded within the realm of biomedical materials. However, the hydrophobicity of PVC has been found to cause many adverse reactions in patients within the biomedical field. It is imperative to urgently discover viable approaches for enhancing the hydrophilicity of PVC in order to ensure its safety in biomedical applications. In this study, the surface of PVC films was modified with a combination of hyperbranched polylysine (HBPL) and polydopamine (pDA) through either simultaneous deposition with polydopamine (PVC-pDA/HBPL) or successive deposition of pDA and HBPL (PVC-pDA-HBPL), aiming to investigate the influence of this modification method on surface hydrophilicity enhancement. The surface coatings were characterized using gravimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurements. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of HBPL led to a significant enhancement in both the deposition amount and stability of pDA, particularly when the mass ratio of DA/HBPL was approximately 1:1. Simultaneously, the morphology of the films exhibited an increase in roughness, while surface hydrophilicity was significantly enhanced upon incorporating pDA and HBPL, and the water contact angle was decreased to 43.2°. Moreover, the detachment of PVC-pDA/HBPL and PVC-pDA-HBPL after exposure to 1.0 M NaOH solutions was considerably lower compared to that of PVC-pDA alone, indicating improved stability under strongly basic conditions. Notably, these enhancements were more pronounced for PVC-pDA/HBPL than for PVC-pDA-HBPL, indicating that HBPL may act as a cross-linker during pDA deposition primarily through intermolecular Schiff base reactions, hydrogen bonding, or Michael addition. This work represents a pioneering effort in integrating HBPL and dopamine for hydrophilic modification of PVC materials, thereby expanding the potential applications of PVC materials. Additionally, we provide novel insights into constructing a hydrophilic surface based on bionic principles and expanding the potential applications of HBPL and pDA.
Efficacy and Differential Physiological–Biochemical Response of Biostimulants in Green Beans Subjected to Moderate and Severe Water Stress
Authors: Hernández-Figueroa Karla I. , Sánchez Esteban , Ramírez-Estrada Carlos A. , Anchondo-Páez Julio C. , Ojeda-Barrios Damaris L. , Pérez-Álvarez Sandra
Published: January 2024

Water stress is one of the main factors affecting the development of agricultural crops. An innovative alternative to improve tolerance to water stress is the application of biostimulants. In the present study, the efficacy and physiological and biochemical responses of different biostimulants were evaluated in beans under moderate and severe stress. The treatments consisted of three types of irrigation: FC100, without water stress; FC75, irrigation reduced by 25% (moderate water stress); and FC50, irrigation reduced by 50% (severe water stress). In the treatments with water deficits, foliar biostimulants were applied: zinc oxide nanoparticles plus chitosan, Codasil®, Osmoplant®, Stimplex® and salicylic acid. Foliar application of ZnO + chitosan nanoparticles benefited biomass accumulation and yield under moderate water stress (FC75) and Codasil® and Osmoplant® under severe water stress (FC50). Proline, free sugars and gas exchange were higher with the application of ZnO + chitosan nanoparticles under moderate water stress and with Codasil® and Osmoplant® under severe water stress. Depending on the severity of water stress, ZnO + chitosan nanoparticles, Codasil® and Osmoplant® are viable products to increase tolerance in green bean cv. Strike plants.
Predictive Factors Correlated with Successful Early Endoscopic Removal of Pancreaticolithiasis in Chronic Pancreatitis after Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
Authors: Wong Thanawin , Pattarapuntakul Tanawat , Netinatsunton Nisa , Ovartlarnporn Bancha , Sottisuporn Jaksin , Yaowmaneerat Thanapon , Attasaranya Siriboon , Cattapan Kamonwon , Sripongpun Pimsiri
Published: January 2024

Background: The treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and symptomatic pancreatic duct (PD) calculi often involves techniques like endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), or a combination of both. However, identifying predictive factors for the successful removal of these calculi remains variable. This study aimed to determine the factors predicting successful ESWL and endoscopic removal in CP and PD calculi patients. Methods: We examined data from CP patients who underwent complete PD calculi removal via ESWL combined with ERCP between July 2012 and 2022, and assessed baseline characteristics, imaging findings, and treatment details. Patients were categorized into early- and late-endoscopic complete removal groups (EER and LER groups, respectively). Results: Of the 27 patients analyzed, 74.1% were male with an average age of 44 ± 9.6 years. EER was achieved in 74% of the patients. Patients in the EER group exhibited smaller PD calculi diameter (8.5 vs. 19 mm, p = 0.012) and lower calculus density (964.6 vs. 1313.3 HU, p = 0.041) compared to the LER group. Notably, PD stricture and the rate of PD stent insertion were not different between the groups. A calculus density threshold of 1300 HU on non-contrast CT demonstrated 71% sensitivity and 80% specificity in predicting EER. Conclusions: Smaller and low-density PD calculi may serve as predictors for successful EER, potentially aiding in the management of CP patients with PD calculi.
Efficiency of Simulation-Based Learning Using an ABC POCUS Protocol on a High-Fidelity Simulator
Authors: Simon Robert , Petrisor Cristina , Bodolea Constantin , Golea Adela , Gomes Sara Hora , Antal Oana , Vasian Horațiu Nicolae , Moldovan Orlanda , Puia Cosmin Ion
Published: January 2024

Critically ill patients with rapidly deteriorating clinical status secondary to respiratory and cardio-vascular compromise are at risk for immediate collapse if the underlying pathology is not recognized and treated. Rapid diagnosis is of utmost importance regardless of the setting. Although there are data to support the use of point-of-care ultrasound in critical patients, there is no consensus about the best educational strategy to implement. We designed a curriculum based on the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) protocol that covers essential airway, lung, and cardiac ultrasound skills needed for fast diagnosis in critical patients and applied it in high-fidelity simulation-based medical education sessions for anesthesia and intensive care residents year one and two. After theoretical and practical assessments, our results show statistical differences in the theoretical knowledge and above-average results in practical assessment. Our proposed curriculum based on a simple ABC POCUS protocol, with an Airway, Breathing, and Circulation approach, is useful in teaching ultrasound basics regarding airway, lung, and cardiac examination using high-fidelity simulation training to anesthesia and intensive care residents, but further research is needed to establish the utility of Simulation-Based Medical Education in Point of Care Ultrasound in the critical patient.
Predicting the Productivity of Municipality Workers: A Comparison of Six Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Bijalwan Priya , Gupta Ashulekha , Mendiratta Anubhav , Johri Amar , Asif Mohammad
Published: January 2024

One of the most significant areas of local government in the world is the municipality sector. It provides various services to the residents and businesses in their areas, such as water supply, sewage disposal, healthcare, education, housing, and transport. Municipalities also promote social and economic development and ensure democratic and accountable governance. It also helps in encouraging the involvement of communities in local matters. Workers of Municipalities need to maintain their services regularly to the public. The productivity of the employees is just one of the main important factors that influence the overall organizational performance. This article compares various machine learning algorithms such as XG Boost, Random Forest (RF), Histogram Gradient Boosting Regressor, LGBM Regressor, Ada Boost Regressor, and Gradient Boosting Regressor on the dataset of municipality workers. The study aims to propose a machine learning approach to predict and evaluate the productivity of municipality workers. The evaluation of the overall targeted and actual productivity of each department shows that out of 12 different departments, only 5 departments were able to meet their targeted productivity. A 3D Scatter plot visually displays the incentive given by the department to each worker based on their productivity. The results show that XG Boost performs best in comparison with the other five algorithms, as the value of R Squared is 0.71 and MSE (Mean Squared Error) is 0.01.