bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Flux-PIHM, a physically-based land surface hydrologic model in an agricultural watershed
Authors: Smeglin Yuting , Shi Yuning , Kaye Jason , Hodges Caitlin , Tang Qicheng , Xiao Dacheng , Forsythe Brandon , Davis Kenneth , Wayman Callum
Published: January 2021

An agricultural watershed, Cole Farm, was established as the newest of
the three subcatchments in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone
Observatory (SSHCZO) in 2017. The catchment contains mostly pasture and
crops, with a small portion of deciduous forest. The observations in
Cole Farm afford an opportunity to test the spatially distributed land
surface hydrologic model, Flux-PIHM, in farmland for the first time. In
this study, we calibrated the model to only discharge and groundwater
level observations at Cole Farm, but it’s able to capture the variations
and magnitudes of soil moisture, latent heat (LE) and sensible heat (H)
fluxes. Modeled soil moisture on the ridge top matched the observations
well, but modeled soil moisture in the mid-slope differed from
observations likely due to the existence of fragipan in the soil column.
Flux-PIHM reproduced the seasonality and diurnal variations of
watershed-average evapotranspiration (ET), sensible heat flux (H),
though modeled ET in summer is about 25% greater than tower ET. To
study the impact of land cover on hydrology, we imposed two different
LAI forcings to the model: spatially distributed versus uniform LAI.
Spatially distributed LAI produced higher ET and lower soil moisture in
the forested part of the watershed due to higher LAI of deciduous forest
in comparison to crops and pasture. But the impact of different LAI
forcings on discharge was small. We further compared the water budget
simulated by Flux-PIHM in the agricultural watershed (Cole Farm) to a
forested watershed (Shale Hills). Flux-PIHM simulated less discharge and
higher transpiration and bare soil evaporation in the Cole Farm
watershed relative to Shale Hills watershed. Our work shows that with a
few key observations, Flux-PIHM can be calibrated to simulate
agricultural watershed hydrology, but spatially distributed LAI and
soils data are needed to capture the spatial variations in soil moisture
and ET.
Breather-wave, multi-wave and interaction solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional generalized breaking soliton equation
Authors: Liu Jian-Guo , wazwaz abdul-majid , Zhang Run-Fa , Lan Zhong-Zhou
Published: January 2021

Under investigation is a (3+1)-dimensional generalized breaking soliton
equation in nonlinear media. The interaction solution between lump wave
and N-soliton (N = 2,3,4) are derived. The interaction solution between
lump wave and periodic waves is also studied. Breather-wave and
multi-wave solutions are obtained. The dynamical behavior is
demonstrated by some 3D graphics and density plots. By means of
mathematical induction, we also obtain the exact solution containing
three arbitrary functions.
A guide for optimal iodine staining and high-throughput diceCT scanning in snakes
Authors: Crowe-Riddell Jenna Margaret , Callahan Sean , Nagesan Ramon , Gray Jaimi , Davis-Rabosky Alison
Published: January 2021

Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced Computed-Tomography (diceCT)
visualizes soft-tissue from microCT (µCT) scans of specimens to uncover
internal features and natural history information without incurring
physical damage via dissection. Unlike hard-tissue imaging, diceCT
datasets are currently limited to a few individual specimens and
taxonomically underrepresented. To initiate best practices for diceCT in
a non-model group, we outline a guide for staining and high-throughput
µCT scanning in snakes. We scanned the entire body and one region of
interest (i.e., head) for 23 specimens representing 23 species from the
clades Aniliidae, Dipsadinae, Colubrinae, Elapidae, Lamprophiidae and
Viperidae. We generated 82 scans that include 1.25% Lugols iodine
stained (soft tissue) and unstained (skeletal) data for each specimen.
We found that duration of optimal staining time increased linearly with
body size; head radius was the best indicator. Post-reconstruction of
scans, optimal staining was evident by evenly distributed grayscale
values and clear differentiation among soft-tissue anatomy. Under and
over stained specimens produced poor contrast among soft-tissues, which
was often exacerbated by user bias during “digital dissections” (i.e.,
segmentation). Regardless, all scans produced usable data from which we
assessed a range of downstream analytical applications within ecology
and evolution (e.g., predator-prey interactions, life history, and
morphological evolution). Ethanol de-staining reversed the known effects
of iodine on the exterior appearance of physical specimens, but required
substantially more time than reported for other de-staining methods. We
discuss the feasibility of implementing diceCT techniques for a new
user, including approximate financial and temporal commitments, required
facilities, and potential effects of staining on specimens. We present
the first high-throughput workflow for full-body skeletal and diceCT
scanning in snakes, which can be generalized to any elongate
vertebrates, and increases publicly available diceCT scans for reptiles
by an order of magnitude.
Anxiety And Depressive Effects Of Antiepileptics In Animal Models
Authors: Karal Yasemin , Azizoğlu Mehmet , Karadağ Çetin Hakan , Karasalihoğlu Serap Tevhide
Published: January 2021

Aim: Cognitive impairment is frequently observed in epileptic patients.
It has been seen that not only epilepsy but antiepileptic drugs also
impair cognitive functions. The present study was undertaken to assess
the effect of three anticonvulsants Levetiracetam (60 mg/kg, p.o.),
Vigabatrin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and Sodyum Valproat (50 mg/kg, p.o.) on
anxiety and depression on animal models of rats. Materials and methods:
Elevated plus maze (EPM) and Forced swimming test- Porsolt tests (FST)
were carried out after 12th weeks of the lifes of rats those that took
the three anticonvülsion therapy administration. Results: The results of
the present study indicate that none of the three antikonvülsan drugs
taken in childhood period impairs anxiety and depression in adult hood.
Conclusion: To conclude, long term administration of Levetiracetam,
Vigabatrin and Sodyum Valproat have no effect on the anxiety and
depression at adulthood time if epilepsy does not exist.
Incretin mimetics restore the ER-mitochondrial axis and switch neuronal fate towards survival.
Authors: Panagaki Theodora , Randi Elisa B. , Szabo Csaba , Holscher Christian
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with associated
frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and
Parkinson’s disease are the major neurodegenerative disorders that
afflict more than 7 million people worldwide. There are no
disease-modifying or disease-retarding therapeutic agents currently
available on the market. All four conditions feature several
seemingly-disparate pathological and genetic lesions, which, however,
converge into calcium dyshomeostasis and a disturbed function of the
axis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Experimental
Approach: Incretin mimetics – traditionally anti-diabetic therapeutic
agents – have been repeatedly shown to exert neurotrophic effects in
neuroblastoma cells, rodent primary neurones, and murine models of
neurodegeneration. Herein, for the very first time, we assess the
pharmacological effects of Liraglutide and the dual incretin DA-CH3 in
terminally differentiated human neurones under conditions of
calcium-dependent chronic ER stress and additionally assess their
efficacy in one of the most critical regulatory point for neurones, the
mitochondrial respiration and dynamics. Key Results: Liraglutide and
DA-CH3 rescue the arrested oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis.
They mitigate the suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis and
hyper-polarisation of the mitochondrial membrane, all, to re-establish
normalcy of cellular bioenergetics under conditions of chronic ER
stress. These effects correlate with a resolution of the unfolded
protein response and the autophagic arrest to halt the excessive
synaptic and neuronal death, with the dual incretin displaying a
superior anti-apoptotic effect. Conclusions: Our findings pave the way
for a therapeutic strategy for disorders with a considerable
social-economic burden and deepen our understanding of the spectrum of
the incretin-signalling functions.
Investigation on stress micro-cycles and mild wear mechanism in gear contact fatigue
Authors: Zhou Ye , Zhu Caichao , Liu Huaiju , Bai Houyi , Xu Xiaona
Published: January 2021

Gear contact fatigue is becoming a primary limitation for the growing
demand of power density and service life in gear-driven equipment. The
unchecked surface fatigue crack could further cause premature failure
and put a serious risk to the safety and reliability of mechanical
systems. In this work, an attempt is made to investigate the effects of
rolling-sliding and mild wear on contact fatigue behavior. A
comprehensive contact model is developed to capture the variation
instantaneous pressure and stress field is calculated with the transient
mixed EHL approach. Rolling-sliding contact is simulated with the
time-varying roughness topography updated by Archard wear equation. The
stress cycles are extracted and the relative contact fatigue life is
obtained by using Zaretsky criterion. Results suggest that in
rolling-sliding contact the contact fatigue life is obviously lower
compared with pure rolling. The increases in the number and amplitude of
stress micro-cycles is found to be the main contributors to the
reduction of fatigue life. Mild wear tends to smooth the surface,
subsequently mitigates the stress concentration and reduces stress
cycles, then decrease the risk of surface contact fatigue.
Implementation and evaluation of a nurse-driven noninvasive ventilation weaning protocol in infants with severe bronchiolitis
Authors: Cassibba Julie , Chevallier Marie , PIN ISABELLE , Alexandre Aurélie , Fumagalli Alice , Fauroux Brigitte , mortamet guillaume
Published: January 2021

Rationale: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is the first-line therapy in
infants with bronchiolitis-related acute respiratory failure. However,
there is a lack of data regarding weaning from NIV in this setting.
Working hypothesis: This study aims to evaluate a nurse-driven weaning
protocol in this homogenous population. Study design: A retrospective
single-center study with pre-versus-post comparative design in a
tertiary center. Methodology: Data from all infants aged ≤ 6 months
admitted to the PICU during 2 seasons with a clinical diagnosis of
bronchiolitis and requiring any type of noninvasive ventilatory support
on admission, were analyzed. Main results: In total, 187 infants (95
with standard and 92 with nurse-driven protocols) were included; the
median age was 47 (IQR 24-75) and 31 days (19-58) in patients at
baseline and after the protocol implementation, respectively. There was
no difference in terms of weaning failure between the two periods (11
(12%) versus 14 (15%), p=0.46). At baseline, the ventilatory support
duration was 70 hours (IQR 54-104) versus 56 hours (IQR 29-83) during
the nurse-driven protocol period (p=0.29). The PICU and hospital lengths
of stay did not differ between the two periods. No complication related
to NIV occurred in the two periods. Conclusions: In patients with
bronchiolitis supported by NIV, the nurse-driven weaning management - as
opposed to physician-driven - was not associated with a significantly
higher proportion of weaning failure cases.
Weekend effects of admission and surgery in acute aortic syndrome
Authors: Song Chao , Fan YunLong , Wei ShiXiong , Jiang Shengli
Published: January 2021

Background: The weekend effect is a phenomenon characterized by
increased early all-cause mortality among patients hospitalized or
undergoing surgery over the weekend for emergencies. Objectives: With
this meta-analysis we aimed to determine whether weekend
hospitalization/surgery due to acute aortic syndromes (AAS) is
associated with increased early all-cause mortality. Methods：Major
electronic databases were searched for studies published up to October
2020 reporting early all-cause mortality rates for admissions/operations
on weekends versus weekdays. Data were pooled using fixed- and
random-effects models. The primary outcome of the study was early
all-cause mortality after weekend versus weekday. Results: All the
included studies were retrospective, comparative or cohort studies
enrolling patients admitted or underwent surgery for AAS and reported
early all-cause mortality after weekend (including holiday) versus
weekday. A total of 18 studies including a total of 252807 patients were
identified. This meta-analysis showed a significant increase in the
early all-cause mortality for patients admitted/conducted surgery for
AAS on weekends compare with weekdays (fixed-effect: OR 1.1;95% CI
1.06-1.14;P＜0.00001). Conclusion: Weekend admission/surgery for AAS is
associated with a increased risk of early all-cause mortality.
Problems of early culling of cows in breeding stocks for milk production
Authors: Perisic Predrag , Relic Renata , Mekic Cvijan , Stepic Stefan
Published: January 2021

A common problem of dairy cattle in all production systems and production
directions is their reduced production life and therefore their reduced
lifetime span. Among the main reasons of dairy cattle premature culling the
problems related to reproduction, udder and legs are prevailing. The order
of these reasons according to their significance is not the same in all
dairy cattle populations and depends on production direction, level of
production and specific technology of cattle breeding. There are also other
reasons of culling but these three groups are the main ones. Due to
frequency of their incidence, as well as economic damage which they can
cause in dairy cattle production, today they must be taken into account when
defining breeding goals for certain breeds and populations of cattle.
Production performances of cows of different origin and housing method
Authors: Niksic Dragan , Pantelic Vlada , Ostojic-Andric Dusica , Perisic Predrag , Samolovac Ljiljana , Marinkovic Milos , Petricevic Maja
Published: January 2021

In order to examine the variability of production performance traits
(lactation duration, milk yield for the whole lactation, milk yield in
standard lactation, milk fat content, milk fat yield in standard lactation,
protein content and yield in standard lactation), 954 cows, domestic and
imported Simmental populations, were included in the study, with a total of
3641 completed lactations. Cows were located in the area of Toplica
district, reared on individual farming households (tied system) and on the
farm with intensive farming (free system). Based on the rearing method and
origin, animals were divided into four groups: Group 1 (domestic animals
reared by individual agricultural producers on individual farming
households); Group 2 (imported animals reared by individual agricultural
producers on individual farming households); Group 3 (domestic animals
reared on the farm) and Group 4 (imported animals reared on the farm). The
fourth group of studied cows showed the highest yield and protein content,
while the cows of the third group had the longest lactation and the highest
milk fat content. All production performance traits varied highly
significantly (p?0.001) under the influence of the combined factor of
housing/rearing method and origin.
Genotype and breeder flock age impact on broiler performance in suboptimal conditions
Authors: Lukic Milos , Petricevic Veselin , Skrbic Zdenka , Delic Nikola , Tolimir Natasa , Doskovic Vladimir , Rakonjac Simeon
Published: January 2021

A comparative study of production traits was performed between COBB 500
broilers from a 52-week-old breeder flock and a ROSS 308 from two breeder
flocks of different ages (52 weeks and molted flock 79-week-old) in equal,
relatively suboptimal ambiental (temperature oscillations) and nutritional
conditions (market feed of average quality). The experiment was performed on
a total of 720 day-old chicks of both sexes in 4 experimental groups (Cobb;
Ross 52; Ross 79; Ross mix - a mixture of Ross broilers from two breeder
ages), with 6 replications per group and 30 chickens in each replication.
Mortality, body weight (days 0, 7, 21 and 42), weight gain, feed conversion
and production index (EPEF) were monitored in 42 days of fattening. It was
determined that heavier day-old chickens (p<0.01) with better gain in the
first week of production, were obtained from the older breeder flock. Except
in the first week, Cobb generally had the highest (p<0.05) body weights and
gains in the experiment, aside from in mid and the end of the test, where
did not differ significantly from the body weight of the Ross 79 and Ross
mix group of broilers, respectively. Results also indicate that genetics
(used hybrid) may have a greater influence on the final body weight and
daily gain in suboptimal test conditions than the breeder age. Cobb 500
broilers also had significantly higher mortality under test conditions
(p<0.05). Feed conversion and the achieved EPEF production index did not
vary significantly in the test in chickens of different genotypes or
parents. In general, suboptimal conditions in our research constrained
realisation of the genetic production potential, with a suppressive effect
on both hybrids, higher on the growth in Ross 308, and on the resistance
measured by mortality in Cobb 500 hybrids.
Attitudes of Serbian producers and consumers of table eggs on the ban on conventional batteries and the transition to enriched cages and alternative production systems
Authors: Tolimir Natasa , Maslovaric Marijana , Skrbic Zdenka , Lukic Milos , Budimovic Nenad , Milic Dragan , Radisic Robert
Published: January 2021

The aim of the survey was to determine how the egg production sector is
complying with animal welfare legislation, which requires a ban on
conventional cages and the transition to permitted systems for rearing
laying hens - enriched cages and alternative systems, as well as the
attitudes of egg producers and consumers on the impact of permitted systems
of egg production/purchase and hen welfare. The survey included producers
(50), with 1000 and more hens, where in the sample, the percentage share of
producers was according to the capacity - the size of the farm, i.e. similar
to the share in the total egg production in Serbia. A consumer survey (261)
established their views on the impact of the welfare of layers and the
rearing system when buying eggs. According to the test results, it can be
stated that: when switching to permitted rearing systems, enriched cages
were the choice of all surveyed producers (100%) and that in the transition
period from 2014 to autumn 2020, 16.3% of respondents switched from
conventional cages to enriched ones (2.04% in full and 14.29% in part).
According to the results obtained, 80.49% of them are planning to switch
from a conventional cage system to another rearing system, of which 60.98%
said they would do so if they had the financial means, while about 19% of
producers believe they will be forced to leave production. All producers
expect that the transition to enriched cages will lead to a reduction in
their production, and 83.33% of them believe that it will be from 20 to 40%.
Surveyed producers (87.18%) expect that the transition from conventional
cages will increase production costs, and 65.11% believe that this will not
affect the welfare of layers. A survey of consumer attitudes found that when
buying eggs, the production system was very important for 19.91% of
consumers, and for 19.41% of consumers it was not important at all, while
the welfare of layers was very important for 26.84% and not at all important
for 10.32% of consumers. The conclusion of the research is that in Serbia
the transition to permitted rearing systems is slow, that harmonization with
legal regulations is a great challenge and that changes are expected in the
coming period that may have far-reaching consequences for the sector of
table egg production.
Cell wall components and in vitro dry matter digestibility of ensiled pea: Oat mixtures
Authors: Markovic Jordan , Andjelkovic Snezana , Zornic Vladimir , Kostic Ivica , Blagojevic Milomir , Vasic Tanja , Zivkovic Sanja
Published: January 2021

Cell wall content generally is regarded as the most important factor
affecting forage utilization because it comprises the major fraction of
forage dry matter and is correlated with forage intake and digestibility.
The experiment was carried out to evaluate the cell wall constituents of
ensiled pea - oat mixtures sown at five different seeding rates. Three
effects were studied: application of bacterial inoculant, seeding rate of
pea and oat in the mixtures and stages of plant development. The NDF
(Neutral Detergent Fiber), ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), hemicellulose, lignin
and DMD (Dry Matter Digestibility) were determined in silages. Pea and oat
were grown in binary mixtures at the experimental field of the Institute for
forage crops, Krusevac - Serbia, and were tested at five different mixture
rates: pure pea and pure oat crop, 25% pea + 75% oat, 50% pea + 50% oat, 75%
pea + 25% oat. Application of bacterial inoculant affected lower content of
NDF and hemicellulose (P< 0.05). Content of cell wall constituents decreased
with increasing pea content in the mixtures, but DMD increased. On the other
hand, content of cell wall constituents increased with plant growth and
development, but DMD decreased.
Technical and economic performance of dairy cattle farming in mountain areas in Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
Authors: Mouhous Azeddine , Djellal Farid , Guermah Hocine , Kadi Si
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study is to explore the technical and economic aspects of
cattle farms in mountain areas and to identify their technical constraints
and potentialities. One hundred dairy cattle farmers were surveyed for seven
months. The results show that the average farm size is 13 dairy cows and
shows considerable variability at the sample level. For one-third of the
farms, stabling is almost permanent and feed concentrate used as supplement
(on average 7 kg /cow/day). 85% of the factors of production (useful
agricultural area and possession of tractor) are owned by 45% of the
breeders. Cow productivity averages is around 10.5 kg / day with two milkings
/ day. In addition, the average self-consumption of milk is 6 kg / day, which
represents 2.8% of milk production. Feed expenses represent 90% of production
costs. Annual income range from 99 909 AD / livestock unit (LU) nearly 148
421 AD / livestock unit. This variation is a function of the endowment of
production resources. Subsidies for milk production represent 58% of the
average income of farmers, what shows the low yield of dairy cattle farms.
Today, with the drastic reduction in financial resources, dairy production
development policies should focus on strategies to improve cow productivity
and profitability in those areas.
Existence and exponential stability of almost pseudo automorphic solution for neutral stochastic evolution equations driven by G-Brownian motion
Authors: Duan Pengju
Published: January 2021

This paper mainly concerns the quasi sure exponential stability of square
mean almost pseudo automorphic mild solution for a class of neutral
stochastic evolution equations driven by G-Brownian motion. By means of
evolution operator theorem and fixed point theorem, existence and uniqueness
of square mean almost pseudo automorphic mild solution is obtained. Also, a
series of sufficient conditions on exponential stability and quasi sure
exponential stability are established.
Perturbation determinants on Banach spaces and operator differentiability for Hirsch functional calculus
Authors: Mirotin A.R.
Published: January 2021

We consider a perturbation determinant for pairs of nonpositive (in a sense
of Komatsu) operators on Banach space with nuclear difference and prove the
formula for the logarithmic derivative of this determinant. To this end the
Frechet differentiability of operator monotonic (negative complete Bernstein)
functions of negative and nonpositive operators on Banach spaces is
investigated. The results may be regarded as a contribution to the Hirsch
functional calculus.
Ordinal compactness
Authors: Lipparini Paolo
Published: January 2021

We introduce a new covering property, defined in terms of order types of
sequences of open sets, rather than in terms of cardinalities. The most
general form depends on two ordinal parameters. Ordinal compactness turns
out to be a much more varied notion than cardinal compactness. We prove many
nontrivial results of the form ?every [?,?]-compact topological space is
[?',?']-compact?, for ordinals ?,?, ?'and ?' while only trivial results
of the above form hold, if we restrict to regular cardinals. Counterexamples
are provided showing that many results are optimal. Many spaces satisfy the
very same cardinal compactness properties, but have a broad range of
distinct behaviors, as far as ordinal compactness is concerned. A much more
refined theory is obtained for T1 spaces, in comparison with arbitrary
topological spaces. The notion of ordinal compactness becomes partly trivial
for spaces of small cardinality.
On abundant semigroups withweak normal idempotents
Authors: Chao Haizhou , Ni Xiangfei
Published: January 2021

A weak normal idempotent of an abundant semigroup was introduced by Guo [7].
In this paper, weak normal idempotents and normal idempotents of abundant
semigroups are respectively characterized in many different ways. These
results enable us to obtain an example which shows that the class of normal
idempotents of abundant semigroups is a proper subclass of normal
idempotents of abundant semigroups. Furthermore, this example tell us that
there exists a non-regular abundant semigroup containing a weak normal
idempotent. At last, we investigate the relationships between weak normal
idempotents and normal idempotents and deduce that the main result of [2]
can not be generalized into the class of abundant semigroups.
Spectral inclusion by the quadratic numerical range of 2 x 2 operator matrices with unbounded entries
Authors: Liu Jie , Huang Junjie , Chen Alatancang
Published: January 2021

This paper deals with the spectral inclusion properties of 2 x 2 operator
matrices with unbounded entries in Hilbert space. The conditions for
spectral inclusion by the quadratic numerical range are described. In
addition, some examples are given to illustrate the main results.
Modified CGLS iterative algorithm for solving the generalized Sylvester-conjugate matrix equation
Authors: Song Caiqin , Wang Qing-Wen
Published: January 2021

By introducing the real inner product, this paper offers an modified conjugate
gradient least squares iterative algorithm (MCGLS)for solving the
generalized Sylvester-conjugate matrix equation. The properties of this
algorithm are discussed and the finite convergence of this algorithm is
proven. This new iterative method can obtain the symmetric least squares
Frobenius norm solution within finite iteration steps in the absence of
roundoff errors. Finally, two numerical examples are offered to illustrate the
effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Periodic solution and stationary distribution for stochastic predator-prey model with modified Leslie-Gower and Holling type II schemes
Authors: Han Qixing , Chen Liang , Jiang Daqing
Published: January 2021

In this paper, a stochastic predator-prey system with modified Leslie-Gower
and Holling type II schemes is studied. For the autonomous case, we prove
that the system has a stationary distribution under some parametric
restrictions. We also obtain conditions for the non-persistence of the
system, and the results are illustrated by computer simulations. For the
non-autonomous system with continuous periodic coefficients, sufficient
conditions which guarantee the existence of periodic solution of the system
are established.
COVID-19 and the genealogies of biopolitics: A pandemic history of the present
Authors: Marinkovic Dusan , Major Sara
Published: January 2021

In this paper we approach the COVID-19 pandemic through the genealogical
analysis of biopolitics. We recognize two key discontinuities in the
genealogy of biopolitics. First, we have the transformation of the ?old
biological regime? and the emergence of the gaze as a technology of
power/knowledge. This was essentially the epoch of the birth of biopolitics,
and the period when life ?entered? the sphere of politics. We then note the
emergent discontinuity in biopolitical technologies today, during the
pandemic of COVID-19, as we are witness to the transformations of
biopolitical measures on the global scale. We also recognize important
lessons from the genealogy of biopolitics as a ?history of the present?.
During just one historical epoch, biopolitics emerged as the power over
life. That was the period of the so called ?epistemic break? and the
emergence of life as the new dynamic force of productivity, power, trade,
cities, urbanization, population, and capitalism. This is how the risk that
was once the base of ?life function? instability became the central problem
of biopolitics. It is the same concern of biopolitics today, but in
completely novel social settings.
“Is it possible that people are so irresponsible?”: Tabloid news framing of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia
Authors: Kleut Jelena , Sinkovic Norbert
Published: January 2021

Starting from the observation that the COVID-19 pandemic is a socio-cultural
and health phenomenon, in this paper we analyse the tabloid news framing of
the pandemic in Serbia. Our study examines a month-long period following the
first identified case, during which the government introduced preventative
measures deemed to be some of the strictest in the world. Applying a news
framing analysis to front page news of the three tabloid newspapers Alo,
Informer, and Kurir (N = 387), our study identifies nine frames employed in
the media reporting about the pandemic. Supplementing the framing analysis
with an examination of the narrative roles of heroes, victims and villains
in which different social actors are placed, we add to the nuanced
understanding of the socio-cultural frames of reference in pandemic
reporting. Our analysis establishes that the most prominent frames in the
tabloid news stories on COVID-19 in Serbia are prevention and human-interest
frames. It shows that the attribution of responsibility frame is used to
present citizens as villains who undermine successful state measures, while
China and Russia are portrayed as the heroes in the fight against are virus.
Whether transnational middle-class migrants perceive Belgrade as an attractive and comfortable city
Authors: Petrovic Mina
Published: January 2021

The research focus is on whether transnational middle-class migrants perceive
Belgrade as a city suitable for their way of life. At the outset, the
analytical framework links the social production of contemporary cities to
processes of globalization and transnational migration, with a focus on
post-socialist cities and Belgrade as the object of empirical research. The
second part of the paper contains data analysis based on the 21
semi-structured interviews with middleclass transnational migrants who had
lived and worked in Belgrade for at least a year at the time of the
interviews, conducted in late 2018 and early 2019. The analysis focuses on
the opinions of transnational migrants regarding housing and working
conditions in Belgrade in comparison to their previous experiences; on daily
routines and practices they can or cannot realize in Belgrade; and on the
importance they attach to globally standardized places (such as
international cafes, restaurants, shopping malls, etc.) as compared to
locally specific equivalents. In the concluding section, seeking to examine
whether the Belgrade entrepreneurial urban policy meets the expectations of
these transnational actors, the key research findings are summarized in a
manner accordant with the inputs they could provide for Belgrade?s urban
development.
Urban identity of Belgrade: Perfect chaos, imperfect balance
Authors: Spasic Ivana , Backovic Vera
Published: January 2021

Using a typology of urban symbolism, the identity of Belgrade is
reconstructed on the basis of accounts by a sample of city residents,
foreigners and locals, who work in international companies and
organizations. The component of behavioral symbolism is found to prevail,
referring to the place?s atmosphere, mood, spirit, or energy. Next comes
material symbolism, particularly in relation to Belgrade?s location at the
confluence of two rivers, and the Kalemegdan complex overlooking it. All
other types of symbolism are much less prominent. Belgrade is described as
having a comparatively low global visibility and lacking a readily
recognizable landmark. What emerges as a pervasive motif in the different
symbolic codes is the attribute of contradiction, and the related qualities
of hybridity, liminality, and incompleteness.
Deep Vein Thrombosis and Venous Thromboembolism in the Critically Ill
Authors: Butler Kathryn L. , Velmahos George
Published: January 2021

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas in the intensive care unit (ICU). Immobility, inflammatory states, and trauma uniquely predispose surgical ICU patients to deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Concurrently, the risks of perioperative and traumatic bleeding complicate management of VTE, with anticoagulation contraindicated in many scenarios. This review surveys the latest evidence in the diagnosis and management of VTE among critically ill surgical patients. It discusses evidence-based guidelines regarding diagnostic imaging, anticoagulation, prophylaxis, inferior vena cava filters, non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants, and surgical and catheter-based therapies. The review also examines the special challenges encountered when treating multisystem trauma patients. 
Key words: anticoagulation therapy, deep vein thrombosis, pharmacoprophylaxis, pulmonary embolism, venous thromboembolism
Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Saltzman John R. , Abidi Wasif
Published: January 2021

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding that is proximal to the ligament of Treitz is considered upper GI bleeding (UGIB). UGIB can be further divided into variceal and nonvariceal, differentiated by etiology, presentation, management, and mortality. This review of nonvariceal UGIB addresses the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment (including endoscopic therapy), prognosis, and differential diagnosis. Recommendations presented are evidence based and consistent with consensus statements and society guidelines. Figures show stigmata of recent hemorrhage, endoscopic therapy, peptic ulcer disease, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, angiodysplasia, Dieulafoy lesion, and arterioenteric fistula. Tables list the manifestation of GI bleeding and the presumed source of the bleeding, clues in the symptom and presentation of the patient that may suggest the diagnosis, medical history and physical examination findings that can suggest a specific diagnosis, a comparison of different prognostic scoring systems, differential diagnosis of UGIB, various etiologies of peptic ulcer disease, and treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori.
This review contains 7 highly rendered figures, 10 tables, and 85 references
Strategies to Optimize the Efficacy of Regional Anesthesia
Authors: Pearl Jeremy , Aleshi Pedram
Published: January 2021

The mode of delivery of epidural solutions has progressed from clinician-delivered boluses, to automated continuous epidural infusions and the addition of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA), and now to programmed intermittent epidural boluses (PIEBs) in addition to PCEA. Currently, there is promising evidence for the use of combination PIEB and PCEA to minimize additional bolus requirements and reduce the amount of local anesthetic consumed, as well as improved patient satisfaction. There are few data regarding this mode of delivery in peripheral nerve catheters. The existing data in the peripheral nerve catheters do not show a clear advantage for the use of the programmed intermittent bolus (PIB) method. More studies are needed in various peripheral nerve/fascia plane blocks to answer this question. Studies looking at the median effective dose in 50% of patients of local anesthetics for labor epidurals (minimum local anesthetic concentration [MLAC]) have allowed the comparison of the relative potency of different local anesthetics. Even though the absolute numbers are not useful, we know that ropivacaine is only 60% as potent as bupivacaine for its analgesic potency and development of motor block, so it provides no advantage over bupivacaine for the labor epidural setting. MLAC studies have also allowed the study of adjuvants and their effect on labor analgesia. Fentanyl, epinephrine, and clonidine have been studied, showing significant local anesthetic–sparing effects. The risks and benefits of each adjuvant should be weighed for each patient, but fentanyl and epinephrine have an excellent benefit-to-risk ratio.
Surgical Principles for the Management of Peripheral Graft Infections
Authors: Madden Nicholas J. , Calligaro Keith D. , Dougherty Matthew J. , Troutman Douglas A.
Published: January 2021

Prosthetic graft infections remain one of the most significant complications encountered by vascular surgeons given the high rate of morbidity and limb loss. Graft infections involving the lower extremity have a reported incidence of 2 to 6%. Presentation can include an indolent infection, septic shock, or frank hemorrhage. The goals of therapy are minimizing morbidity and mortality, preventing recurrent infection, and limb salvage. The gold standard in management is complete graft excision; however, this may not always be feasible or necessary. Various techniques such as partial preservation with concomitant revascularization may be appropriate in selected circumstances. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiology, extent of infection, and the patient’s overall clinical picture are necessary so that a patient-specific approach can be implemented.
This review contains 4 figures, 1 table, and 31 references.
Keywords: cryopreserved cadaveric graft, extracavitary graft, graft excision, graft infection, graft preservation, lower-extremity bypass graft, lateral femoral bypass, prosthetic vascular graft
Insulinemic and Inflammatory Dietary Patterns Show Enhanced Predictive Potential for Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Jin Qi , Shi Ni , Aroke Desmond , Lee Dong Hoon , Joseph Joshua J. , Donneyong Macarius , Conwell Darwin L. , Hart Phil A. , Zhang Xuehong , Clinton Steven K. , Cruz-Monserrate Zobeida , Brasky Theodore M. , Jackson Rebecca , Tinker Lesley F. , Liu Simin , Phillips Lawrence S. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Nassir Rami , Bao Wei , Tabung Fred K.
Published: January 2021

Objective: The empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia(EDIH)
and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern(EDIP) scores assess the insulinemic and
inflammatory potentials of habitual dietary patterns, irrespective of the macronutrient
content, and are based on plasma insulin response or inflammatory biomarkers,
respectively. The glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) assess
postprandial glycemic potential based on dietary carbohydrate content. We tested
the hypothesis that dietary
patterns promoting hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, or hyperglycemia may
influence type
2 diabetes risk.

Research Design and Methods:
We calculated dietary scores from baseline (1993-1998) food frequency
questionnaires among 73,495 postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative, followed through March 2019. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression to estimate
hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for type 2 diabetes risk. We also estimated multivariable-adjusted
absolute risk of type
2 diabetes.

Results: During a median 13.3 years of
follow-up, 11,009 incident type 2 diabetes cases were diagnosed. Participants consuming
the most hyperinsulinemic or proinflammatory dietary patterns experienced greater
risk of type
2 diabetes: HRs(95%CI)
comparing highest to lowest dietary index quintiles were: EDIH: 1.49 (1.32-1.68),Ptrend<.0001;
EDIP: 1.45 (1.29-1.63),Ptrend<.0001). The absolute excess
incidence for the same comparison was +220 (EDIH) and
+271 (EDIP) cases per
100,000 person-years. GI and GL were not associated with type 2 diabetes risk: GI: 0.99 (0.88-1.12),Ptrend=0.46;
GL: 1.01 (0.89, 1.16),Ptrend=0.30.

Conclusions: Our
findings in this diverse cohort of postmenopausal women, suggest that lowering the
insulinemic and inflammatory potentials of the diet may be more effective in
preventing type 2 diabetes than focusing on glycemic foods.
Der tänzerische Film. Frühe Filmkultur und moderner Tanz
Authors: Köhler Kristina , Köhler Kristina
Published: January 2021

Schon um 1900 beschrieben Besucher von Filmvorführungen das Flackern auf der Leinwand als «Tanz der Bilder». Die Idee, dass Filme Tanz nicht nur aufzeichnen, sondern selbst tänzerische Bewegungseffekte freisetzen – etwa durch die Gestaltung der Kamerabewegung oder Montage, kursiert seither in der Filmtheorie. Der Band untersucht die Denkfigur vom tänzerischen Film und zeichnet ihr Entstehen im Kontext der intermedialen Geschichte von früher Filmkultur und modernem Tanz zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts nach.
Conspiracy!
Authors: Taylor Henry C.
Published: January 2021

Im heutigen Zeitalter der Unsicherheit und Angst florieren konspirative Fantasien. Verschwörungsfiktionen haben insbesondere in Film und Fernsehen Konjunktur. Im Zentrum des vorliegenden Bandes steht daher die Frage nach der medialen Konstruktion der kollektiven Imagination einer durch Verschwörung gesteuerten Welt. In der Inszenierung konspirativer und paranoider Szenarien kommt dabei dem Spielfilm eine privilegierte Rolle zu. Für die Gruppierung von Verschwörungsthrillern, paranoiden Dramen und mind-game-Filmen mit zunehmend vergrößerter konspirativer Reichweite hat sich in der Filmwissenschaft der ursprünglich aus der Fankultur stammende Begriff des Paranoiafilms durchgesetzt. Dieses zunehmend bedeutende mediale Phänomen wird hier erstmals umfassend in Theorie und Geschichte poetologisch und hermeneutisch gewürdigt.
BILDER EINER BESSEREN WELT Die Utopie im nichtfiktionalen Film
Authors: Spiegel Simon , Spiegel Simon
Published: January 2021

Seit Thomas Morus’ Utopia sind in den letzten 500 Jahren zahlreiche literarische Werke erschienen, die eine bessere Welt entwerfen. Im Film scheint die positive Utopie dagegen inexistent. Die bisherige Forschung konzentrierte sich fast ausschließlich auf dystopische Spielfilme, da positive Szenarien den Anforderungen des Mediums angeblich zuwiderlaufen. Bilder einer besseren Welt wählt einen anderen Ansatz und nimmt, ausgehend von der Erkenntnis, dass auch literarische Utopien primär als Reaktionen auf eine missliche Gegenwart und nicht als unter haltende Erzählungen gedacht sind, mit dem Dokumentar­ und Propagandafilm einen bisher kaum erforschten Bereich in den Fokus. Die Studie baut auf aktuellen Erkenntnissen der Utopie ­ und Dokumentar filmforschung auf und behandelt ein historisch und thematisch weit gefasstes Filmkorpus. Zu den unter suchten Werken gehören zionistische Propaganda filme, filmische Stadtutopien, sozialistische Zukunfts filme sowie Web­ Videos der Terrororganisation Islamischer Staat.
Kritik, Aktivismus und Prospektivität. Politische Strategien im postjugoslawischen Dokumentarfilm
Authors: Reiter Andrea , Reiter Andrea
Published: January 2021

Während des Zerfalls von Jugoslawien und der Bildung neuer Nationalstaaten entstand in der Region ein reges Dokumentarfilmschaffen, das sich den dominanten Rhetoriken der Politik entgegenstellte. Anhand dieses Filmkorpus untersucht die Studie die Bedingungen der Filmproduktion und -rezeption vor dem Hintergrund der komplexen politischen Zusammenhänge und fragt nach den Möglichkeiten der gesellschaftlichen Aktivierung. Die Autorin zeigt, wie die Filme mittels innovativer formalästhetischer Strategien die Widersprüche der existierenden Verhältnisse in ihrer unüberschaubaren Vielschichtigkeit aufdeckten und so die Reflexion der Zuschauerinnen und Zuschauer anzuregen versuchten. Ihre präzisen Analysen führen sie zu Erkenntnissen darüber, wie politischaktivierende Dokumentarfilme eine zukünftige Realität evozieren, die als eine ‹sich formende› gedacht werden muss. Zudem rückt ihre Forschungsarbeit ein Filmschaffen in den Blick, das bislang kaum die ihm gebührende Aufmerksamkeit erhalten hat. Andrea Reiter ist Filmwissenschaftlerin und Dokumentarfilmerin. Ihre Studie entstand im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts «Alternative Weltentwürfe. Der politisch-aktivistische Dokumentarfilm» am Seminar für Filmwissenschaft der Universität Zürich.
Kollegiala samtal som kontext för utveckling av lärares literacyförståelse
Authors: Randahl Ann-Christin , Pernilla Andersson Varga
Published: January 2021

I denna artikel undersöks kollegiala samtals potential att utveckla lärares literacyförståelse. Två samtal i den statliga fortbildningssatsningen Läslyftet analyseras. Inför samtalen har deltagarna läst artiklar om literacy, som ska diskuteras. I det första samtalet deltar en ämnesmässigt heterogen grupp gymnasielärare på ett yrkesprogram, medan en ämnesmässigt homogen grupp svensklärare från grundskolans senare år deltar i det andra samtalet. Båda samtalen leds av en handledare. Även om samtalen på en övergripande nivå kretsar kring fortbildningens innehåll saknas teck en på ny eller fördjupad literacyförståelse. Orsakerna kan vara flera. I det första samtalet saknas en delad bild av undervisningspraktiken. Istället framträder en tydlig skillnad mellan yrkesämnets muntliga kultur och övriga skolämnens skriftburna kultur, som tycks försvåra möjligheterna att göra literacy till ett gemensamt lärandeobjekt. Det finns också tecken på att artikeln som diskuteras är svårtillgänglig för vissa deltagare. I det andra samtalet har lärarna en delad bild av undervisningspraktiken och en gemensam syn på literacy. Artikelinnehållet görs till utgångspunkt för långa berättelserundor och erfarenhetsutbyte, men erbjuder varken ny kunskap eller nya perspektiv som kan utmana lärarnas förförståelse. Även handledarens roll antas ha betydelse för kunskapsbygget. Trots handledarnas förmodat epistemiska tillgång, förväntas de endast i liten utsträckning ta epistemiskt ansvar för fortbildningssatsningens literacyinnehåll.
English abstract
English title: Peer discussions as an arena for mutual knowledge building about literacy
In this article two peer discussions on literacy issues within the professional development programme Boost for reading are analyzed. The groups of teachers taking part in the discussions differ – one is a heterogeneous group of upper secondary teachers, whereas the other is a more homogenous group of late primary and secondary teachers. From a professional learning perspective (Stoll et al., 2006; Talbert, 2010), we examine the mutual knowledge building processes taking place and what impact the teachers’ previous notions on literacy have. The peer discussions are led by a facilitator. Questions concerning the role of the facilitator are also raised. The role of the facilitator is complex and the two contexts require high and different demands on the facilitator handling the discussion. To facilitate knowledge building, taking the role as a moderator seems to be insufficient. Instead, the teachers are dependent upon the facilitator meditating the literacy issues as well as challenging prior knowledge.