bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micro-CT imaging and finite element models reveal how sintering temperature affects the microstructure and strength of bioactive glass-derived scaffolds
Authors: De Cet Anna , D’Andrea Luca , Gastaldi Dario , Baino Francesco , Verné Enrica , Örlygsson Gissur , Vena Pasquale
Published: January 2024

This study focuses on the finite element simulation and micromechanical characterization of bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds using Computed micro Tomography ($$\upmu$$
μ
CT) imaging. The main purpose of this work is to quantify the effect of sintering temperature on the morphometry and mechanical performance of the scaffolds. In particular, the scaffolds were produced using a novel bioactive glass material (47.5B) through foam replication, applying six different sintering temperatures. Through $$\upmu$$
μ
CT imaging, detailed three-dimensional images of the scaffold’s internal structure are obtained, enabling the extraction of important geometric features and how these features change with sintering temperature. A finite element model is then developed based on the $$\upmu$$
μ
CT images to simulate the fracture process under uniaxial compression loading. The model incorporates scaffold heterogeneity and material properties—also depending on sintering temperature—to capture the mechanical response, including crack initiation, propagation, and failure. Scaffolds sintered at temperatures equal to or higher than 700 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C exhibit two-scale porosity, with micro and macro pores. Finite element analyses revealed that the dual porosity significantly affects fracture mechanisms, as micro-pores attract cracks and weaken strength. Interestingly, scaffolds sintered at high temperatures, the overall strength of which is higher due to greater intrinsic strength, showed lower normalized strength compared to low-temperature scaffolds. By using a combined strategy of finite element simulation and $$\upmu$$
μ
CT-based characterization, bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds can be optimized for bone tissue engineering applications by learning more about their micromechanical characteristics and fracture response.
Improved adaptive-phase fuzzy high utility pattern mining algorithm based on tree-list structure for intelligent decision systems
Authors: Chen Jing , Liu Aijun , Zhang Hongjun , Yang Shengyi , Zheng Hui , Zhou Ning , Li Peng
Published: January 2024

With the rapid development of AI and big data mining technologies, computerized medical decision-making has become increasingly prominent. The aim of high-utility pattern mining (HUPM) is to discover meaningful patterns in medical databases that contribute to maximizing the utility from the perspective of diagnosis. However, HUPM pays less attention to the interpretability and explainability of these patterns in medical decision-making scenarios. This paper proposes a novel algorithm called the Improved fuzzy high-utility pattern mining (IF-HUPM) to address this problem. First, the paper applies a fuzzy preprocessing method to divide the fuzzy intervals of a medical quantitative data set, which enhances the fuzziness and interpretability of the data. Next, in the process of IF-HUPM, both fuzzy tree and list structures are employed to calculate fuzzy high-utility values. By combining the characteristics of the one-stage and two-stage algorithms of HUPM, an adaptive-phase Fuzzy HUPM hybrid frame is proposed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed IF-HUPM algorithm enhances both accuracy and efficiency and the mining process requires less time and space on average.
Hesperetin promotes bladder cancer cells death via the PI3K/AKT pathway by network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Lv Yue , Liu Zhonghao , Deng Leihong , Xia Shunyao , Mu Qingchun , Xiao Bang , Xiu Youcheng , Liu Zan
Published: January 2024

Patients with bladder cancer (BLCA) still show high recurrence after surgery and chemotherapy. Hesperetin (HE), as a natural compound, has attracted researchers’ attention due to its low toxicity and easy access. However, the inhibitory effect of HE on BLCA remains unknown. The hub genes and enrichment pathways regulated by HE in the treatment of BLCA were predicted by network pharmacology. The molecular docking of HE and hub proteins was visualized. Colony and CCK8 assays were used to test cell proliferation, and BLCA migration was confirmed by transwell and wound healing assays. In addition, the occurrence of apoptosis and ferroptosis was demonstrated by Hoechst staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ROS (reactive oxygen species) assay. Western Blotting was performed to validate the hub proteins, target functions and pathways. SRC, PIK3R1 and MAPK1 were identified as hub targets for HE in BLCA, involving the PI3k/AKT pathway. Furthermore, HE inhibited the proliferation and migration of BLCA cells. The MMP2/MMP9 proteins were significantly inhibited by HE. The increased expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 indicated that HE could promote BLCA cell apoptosis. In addition, Hoechst staining revealed concentrated and illuminated apoptotic nuclei. The activation of ROS and the decline of GPX4 expression suggested that HE might induce ferroptosis as an anti-BLCA process. Shrunk mitochondria and apoptotic bodies were observed in BLCA cells treated with HE, with reduced or absent mitochondrial cristae. We propose for the first time that HE could inhibit the proliferation and migration of BLCA cells and promote apoptosis and ferroptosis. HE may act by targeting proteins such as SRC, PIK3R1 and MAPK1 and the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Deformation characteristics of overlying strata in room and pillar mined-out areas under coal pillar instability
Authors: Liu Yaming , Gu Tianfeng , Wang Yanchao , Xiong Wei , Yang Xuanyu
Published: January 2024

Under the condition of small roof deformation before the occurrence of fractures and collapse in room and pillar mined-out areas caused by coal pillar instability, the surface deformation may be large, which threatens the safety of ground structures. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar, geophysical exploration, geotechnical exploration and physical simulation tests were conducted to analyse the deformation and development mechanism of the overlying strata in the mined-out area in this case. The results show that in terms of surface deformation, the surface deformation caused by coal pillar instability in the room and pillar mined-out area exhibits the slow deformation stage, uniform deformation stage and accelerated deformation stage. In terms of deformation of overlying strata, after the completion of room and pillar mining, a strip-shaped deformation area and trapezoidal deformation area are developed in the overlying rock. With the occurrence of coal pillar instability, a trapezoidal deformation area and inverted funnel-shaped deformation area are developed in the overlying rock. The deformation characteristics of unconsolidated formations transition from trapezoidal deformation after room and pillar mining to funnel-shaped deformation due to coal pillar instability. Moreover, the maximum surface deformation point is located at the centre of the funnel. In terms of spatial morphology of mined-out area deformation, the maximum surface deformation point corresponds to the position of the initial coal pillar instability and the crack in the mined-out area roof along the vertical direction. The mined-out area treatment method can be optimized based on the deformation characteristics of the overlying strata in the room and pillar mined-out area under the condition of coal pillar instability.
Development and validation of a diagnostic nomogram model for predicting monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance
Authors: Dong Yijun , Yan Ge , Zhang Yiding , Zhou Yukun , Zhu LiYang , Shang Jin
Published: January 2024

In patients with kidney disease, the presence of monoclonal gammopathy necessitates the exploration of potential causal relationships. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to address this concern by developing a nomogram model for the early diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify risk factors for MGRS. Verification and evaluation of the nomogram model's differentiation, calibration, and clinical value were conducted using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. The study encompassed 347 patients who underwent kidney biopsy, among whom 116 patients (33.4%) were diagnosed with MGRS and 231 (66.6%) with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Monoclonal Ig-related amyloidosis (n = 86) and membranous nephropathy (n = 86) was the most common renal pathological type in each group. Notably, older age, abnormal serum-free light chain ratio, and the absence of microscopic hematuria were identified as independent prognostic factors for MGRS. The areas under the ROC curves for the training and verification sets were 0.848 and 0.880, respectively. In conclusion, the nomogram model demonstrated high accuracy and clinical applicability for diagnosing MGRS, potentially serving as a valuable tool for noninvasive early MGRS diagnosis.
Volumetric changes in temporomandibular joint space following trans-oral vertical ramus osteotomy in patients with mandibular prognathism: a one-year follow-up study
Authors: Kim Jae-Young , Yong Hae-Seong , Kim Tae-Yeong , Kim Jun-Young , Jeon Kug Jin , Huh Jong-Ki
Published: January 2024

This study measured and analyzed chronological changes in temporomandibular joint space volume by compartment following transoral vertical ramus osteotomy (TOVRO) using reconstructed 3-dimensional (3D) images of patients with mandibular prognathism. It included 70 joints of 35 patients who underwent TOVRO between January 2018 and December 2021. Computed tomography (CT) or cone-beam CT (CBCT) was performed before surgery (T0) and at 3 days (T1), 6 months (T2), and 12 months postoperatively (T3). These scans were then analyzed using 3D software. The volumes of the overall (Vjs), anterior (Vajs), posterior (Vpjs), medial (Vmjs), and lateral (Vljs) joint spaces were calculated at each time point. A linear mixed model and repeated-measures covariance pattern with unstructured covariance were used to evaluate significant changes in joint space volume over time. Vjs significantly increased to 134.54 ± 34.28 mm3 at T3 compared to T0 (p < 0.001). Vpjas and Vljs increased by 130.72 ± 10.07 mm3 and 109.98 ± 7.52 mm3 at T3 compared to T0, respectively (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between T0 and T2 in Vajs and Vmjs (p = 0.9999). The observed volume increases in Vpjs and Vljs appeared to contribute to the overall Vjs increase.
The risk ethics of autonomous vehicles: an empirical approach
Authors: Krügel Sebastian , Uhl Matthias
Published: January 2024

How would people distribute risks of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in everyday road traffic? The rich literature on the ethics of autonomous vehicles (AVs) revolves around moral judgments in unavoidable collision scenarios. We argue for extending the debate to driving behaviors in everyday road traffic where ubiquitous ethical questions arise due to the permanent redistribution of risk among road users. This distribution of risks raises ethically relevant questions that cannot be evaded by simple heuristics such as “hitting the brakes.” Using an interactive, graphical representation of different traffic situations, we measured participants’ preferences on driving maneuvers of AVs in a representative survey in Germany. Our participants’ preferences deviated significantly from mere collision avoidance. Interestingly, our participants were willing to take risks themselves for the benefit of other road users, suggesting that the social dilemma of AVs may be mitigated in risky environments. Our research might build a bridge between engineers and philosophers to discuss the ethics of AVs more constructively.
Antibacterial properties and urease suppression ability of Lactobacillus inhibit the development of infectious urinary stones caused by Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Szczerbiec Dominika , Bednarska-Szczepaniak Katarzyna , Torzewska Agnieszka
Published: January 2024

Infectious urolithiasis is a type of urolithiasis, that is caused by infections of the urinary tract by bacteria producing urease such as Proteus mirabilis. Lactobacillus spp. have an antagonistic effect against many pathogens by secreting molecules, including organic acids. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of Lactobacillus strains isolated from human urine on crystallization of urine components caused by P. mirabilis by measuring bacterial viability (CFU/mL), pH, ammonia release, concentration of crystallized salts and by observing crystals by phase contrast microscopy. Moreover, the effect of lactic acid on the activity of urease was examined by the kinetic method and in silico study. In the presence of selected Lactobacillus strains, the crystallization process was inhibited. The results indicate that one of the mechanisms of this action was the antibacterial effect of Lactobacillus, especially in the presence of L. gasseri, where ten times less P. mirabilis bacteria was observed, compared to the control. It was also demonstrated that lactic acid inhibited urease activity by a competitive mechanism and had a higher binding affinity to the enzyme than urea. These results demonstrate that Lactobacillus and lactic acid have a great impact on the urinary stones development, which in the future may help to support the treatment of this health problem.
Mediating effect of vascular calcification in galectin-3-related mortality in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Kim Ji-Hwan , Noh Hye-Mi , Song Hong Ji , Lee Sion , Kim Sung Gyun , Kim Jwa-Kyung
Published: January 2024

Galectin-3 levels have been studied as a potential biomarker for predicting cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Recently, a close relationship between galectin-3 and vascular calcification (VC) has been reported. Here, we investigated the role of VC as a mediating factor in the association between galectin-3 and mortality. Serum galectin-3 and baseline aortic arch calcification (AoAC) score were measured in 477 incident HD patients. Mortality data were obtained at a median follow-up of 40 months. Causal mediation analysis was performed to examine the effect of vascular risk factors on galectin-3-related mortality. The prevalence of AoAC in HD patients was 57% (n = 272), and elevated galectin-3 levels were associated with a significantly increased risk of AoAC. When the galectin-3 level was divided by the median level of 37 ng/mL, a higher galectin group increased the risk of all-cause mortality by 1.71-fold (95% CI 1.02–2.92, p = 0.048), even after adjustment for multiple CV risk factors. Mediation analysis showed that both the direct effect of the galectin-3 on mortality (β = 0.0368, bootstrapped 95% CI [0.0113–0.0622]) and the indirect effects were significant. AoAC score and high-sensitivity CRP levels significantly mediated the association between galectin-3 and mortality (total indirect effects: β = 0.0188, bootstrapped 95% CI [0.0066–0.0352]). This study suggests that the association between high galectin-3 and mortality may be partially mediated by higher VC and inflammatory state in HD patients.
Water hammer in pipelines based on different friction models
Authors: Jiang Dan , Zeng Chen , Lu Qixia , Guo Qing
Published: January 2024

Water hammer in pipelines is a difficult problem in fluid transmission field. Especially, there exists some friction items of pipeline transient model such that the simulation model is not consistent to the experimental results. By using the friction model proposed by Kagawa and the model of impulse response function, the pressure transients are calculated with and without cavitation. The corresponding simulation results involving pressure, velocity, steady and dynamic frictions, cavitation volume are analyzed to reveal the effect of friction item on pressure transients. Moreover, the features of steady and dynamic frictions are captured in pipelines with upstream and downstream valves. The comparative simulation results of two friction models have verified that the friction model using an impulse response function has higher consistency between simulation and experimental results of pipeline transients.
Dynamics of the optimality control of transmission of infectious disease: a sensitivity analysis
Authors: Nadeem Anjam Yasir , Shahid Iqra , Emadifar Homan , Arif Cheema Salman , ur Rahman Mati
Published: January 2024

Over the course of history global population has witnessed deterioration of unprecedented scale caused by infectious transmission. The necessity to mitigate the infectious flow requires the launch of a well-directed and inclusive set of efforts. Motivated by the urge for continuous improvement in existing schemes, this article aims at the encapsulation of the dynamics of the spread of infectious diseases. The objectives are served by the launch of the infectious disease model. Moreover, an optimal control strategy is introduced to ensure the incorporation of the most feasible health interventions to reduce the number of infected individuals. The outcomes of the research are facilitated by stratifying the population into five compartments that are susceptible class, acute infected class, chronic infected class, recovered class, and vaccinated class. The optimal control strategy is formulated by incorporating specific control variables namely, awareness about medication, isolation, ventilation, vaccination rates, and quarantine level. The developed model is validated by proving the pivotal delicacies such as positivity, invariant region, reproduction number, stability, and sensitivity analysis. The legitimacy of the proposed model is delineated through the detailed sensitivity analysis along with the documentation of local and global features in a comprehensive manner. The maximum sensitivity index parameters are disease transmission and people moved from acute stages into chronic stages whose value is (0.439, 1) increase in parameter by 10 percent would increase the threshold quantity by (4.39, 1). Under the condition of a stable system, we witnessed an inverse relationship between susceptible class and time. Moreover, to assist the gain of the fundamental aim of this research, we take the control variables as time-dependent and obtain the optimal control strategy to minimize infected populations and to maximize the recovered population, simultaneously. The objectives are attained by the employment of the Pontryagin maximum principle. Furthermore, the efficacy of the usual health interventions such as quarantine, face mask usage, and hand sanitation are also noticed. The effectiveness of the suggested control plan is explained by using numerical evaluation. The advantages of the new strategy are highlighted in the article.
Association of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and chronic kidney disease outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wathanavasin Wannasit , Banjongjit Athiphat , Phannajit Jeerath , Eiam-Ong Somchai , Susantitaphong Paweena
Published: January 2024

Several studies have reported an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) outcomes after long-term exposure (more than 1 year) to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5). However, the conclusions remain inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to examine the association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and CKD outcomes. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, and Embase for relevant studies published until August 10, 2023. The main outcomes were incidence and prevalence of CKD as well as incidence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The random-effect model meta‐analyses were used to estimate the risk of each outcome among studies. Twenty two studies were identified, including 14 cohort studies, and 8 cross-sectional studies, with a total of 7,967,388 participants. This meta-analysis revealed that each 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 was significantly associated with increased risks of both incidence and prevalence of CKD [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24 to 1.40), adjusted OR 1.31 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.67), respectively]. In addition, the relationship with ESKD incidence is suggestive of increased risk but not conclusive (adjusted OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.36). The incidence and prevalence of CKD outcomes had a consistent association across all subgroups and adjustment variables. Our study observed an association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and the risks of CKD. However, more dedicated studies are required to show causation that warrants urgent action on PM2.5 to mitigate the global burden of CKD.
Clinical and preclinical evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers prevent diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Iwane Shiori , Nemoto Wataru , Miyamoto Tomoyoshi , Hayashi Tomonori , Tanaka Masayuki , Uchitani Kazuki , Muranaka Tatsuya , Fujitani Masanori , Koizumi Yuichi , Hirata Atsushi , Tsubota Maho , Sekiguchi Fumiko , Tan-No Koichi , Kawabata Atsufumi
Published: January 2024

Given possible involvement of the central and peripheral angiotensin system in pain processing, we conducted clinical and preclinical studies to test whether pharmacological inhibition of the angiotensin system would prevent diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) accompanying type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the preclinical study, the nociceptive sensitivity was determined in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, a T2DM model. A clinical retrospective cohort study was conducted, using the medical records of T2DM patients receiving antihypertensives at three hospitals for nearly a decade. In the ob/ob mice, daily treatment with perindopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), or telmisartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), but not amlodipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker (CaB), significantly inhibited DPN development without affecting the hyperglycemia. In the clinical study, the enrolled 7464 patients were divided into three groups receiving ACEIs, ARBs and the others (non-ACEI, non-ARB antihypertensives). Bonferroni’s test indicated significantly later DPN development in the ARB and ACEI groups than the others group. The multivariate Cox proportional analysis detected significant negative association of the prescription of ACEIs or ARBs and β-blockers, but not CaBs or diuretics, with DPN development. Thus, our study suggests that pharmacological inhibition of the angiotensin system is beneficial to prevent DPN accompanying T2DM.
Deep embedded clustering generalisability and adaptation for integrating mixed datatypes: two critical care cohorts
Authors: de Kok Jip W. T. M. , van Rosmalen Frank , Koeze Jacqueline , Keus Frederik , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Castela Forte José , Schnabel Ronny M. , Driessen Rob G. H. , van Herpt Thijs T. W. , Sels Jan-Willem E. M. , Bergmans Dennis C. J. J. , Lexis Chris P. H. , van Doorn William P. T. M. , Meex Steven J. R. , Xu Minnan , Borrat Xavier , Cavill Rachel , van der Horst Iwan C. C. , van Bussel Bas C. T.
Published: January 2024

We validated a Deep Embedded Clustering (DEC) model and its adaptation for integrating mixed datatypes (in this study, numerical and categorical variables). Deep Embedded Clustering (DEC) is a promising technique capable of managing extensive sets of variables and non-linear relationships. Nevertheless, DEC cannot adequately handle mixed datatypes. Therefore, we adapted DEC by replacing the autoencoder with an X-shaped variational autoencoder (XVAE) and optimising hyperparameters for cluster stability. We call this model “X-DEC”. We compared DEC and X-DEC by reproducing a previous study that used DEC to identify clusters in a population of intensive care patients. We assessed internal validity based on cluster stability on the development dataset. Since generalisability of clustering models has insufficiently been validated on external populations, we assessed external validity by investigating cluster generalisability onto an external validation dataset. We concluded that both DEC and X-DEC resulted in clinically recognisable and generalisable clusters, but X-DEC produced much more stable clusters.
Vertical pathway inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases and BAD with synergistic efficacy in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Tan Yan Qin , Chiou Yi-Shiou , Guo Hui , Zhang Shuwei , Huang Xiaoming , Dukanya Dukanya , Kumar Arun M. , Basappa Shreeja , Liu Suling , Zhu Tao , Basappa Basappa , Pandey Vijay , Lobie Peter E.
Published: January 2024

Aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling axis along with the sustained phosphorylation of downstream BAD is associated with a poor outcome of TNBC. Herein, the phosphorylated to non-phosphorylated ratio of BAD, an effector of PI3K/AKT promoting cell survival, was observed to be correlated with worse clinicopathologic indicators of outcome, including higher grade, higher proliferative index and lymph node metastasis. The structural optimization of a previously reported inhibitor of BAD-Ser99 phosphorylation was therefore achieved to generate a small molecule inhibiting the phosphorylation of BAD at Ser99 with enhanced potency and improved oral bioavailability. The molecule 2-((4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)(pyridin-3-yl)methyl) phenol (NCK) displayed no toxicity at supra-therapeutic doses and was therefore assessed for utility in TNBC. NCK promoted apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest of TNBC cell lines in vitro, concordant with gene expression analyses, and reduced in vivo xenograft growth and metastatic burden, demonstrating efficacy as a single agent. Additionally, combinatorial oncology compound library screening demonstrated that NCK synergized with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), specifically OSI-930 or Crizotinib in reducing cell viability and promoting apoptosis of TNBC cells. The synergistic effects of NCK and TKIs were also observed in vivo with complete regression of a percentage of TNBC cell line derived xenografts and prevention of metastatic spread. In patient-derived TNBC xenograft models, NCK prolonged survival times of host animals, and in combination with TKIs generated superior survival outcomes to single agent treatment. Hence, this study provides proof of concept to further develop rational and mechanistic based therapeutic strategies to ameliorate the outcome of TNBC.
Organic–inorganic composite hydrogels: compositions, properties, and applications in regenerative medicine
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Wei Wei , Guo Ziyi , Liu Xinru , Liu Ju , Bing Tiejun , Yu Yingjie , Yang Xiaoping , Cai Qing
Published: January 2024

Organic–inorganic composite hydrogels, with its polymeric networks interacting with inorganic fillers via different modes, provide a versatile platform for regenerative medicine.
Direct air capture of CO2via cyclic viologen electrocatalysis
Authors: Liu Shijie , Zhang Jinqiang , Li Feng , Edwards Jonathan P. , Xiao Yurou Celine , Kim Dongha , Papangelakis Panagiotis , Kim Jiheon , Elder David , De Luna Phil , Fan Mengyang , Lee Geonhui , Miao Rui Kai , Ghosh Tanushree , Yan Yu , Chen Yuanjun , Zhao Yong , Guo Zunmin , Tian Cong , Li Peihao , Xu Yi , Sargent Edward H. , Sinton David
Published: January 2024

Cyclic viologen electrocatalysis (CVE), leveraging the fast kinetics of an organic viologen mediator, generates a hydroxide capture solution for stable atmospheric CO2 capture. Simultaneously, it enables the release of highly-concentrated CO2.
Cooperative tungsten centers in polymeric carbon nitride for efficient overall photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Feng Chengyang , Luo Jun , Chen Cailing , Zuo Shouwei , Ren Yuanfu , Wu Zhi-Peng , Hu Miao , Ould-Chikh Samy , Ruiz-Martínez Javier , Han Yu , Zhang Huabin
Published: January 2024

Meticulously designed neighboring WOR and ORR active sites significantly enhance the overall photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide.
Water-mediated exsolution of nanoparticles in alkali metal-doped perovskite structured triple-conducting oxygen electrocatalysts for reversible cells
Authors: Park Kwangho , Saqib Muhammad , Lee Hyungwoo , Shin Donghwi , Jo Minkyeong , Park Kwang Min , Hamayun Muhammad , Kim Seo Hyun , Kim Sungkyu , Lee Kug-Seung , O’Hayre Ryan , Choi Minseok , Song Sun-Ju , Park Jun-Young
Published: January 2024

Doping monovalent alkali metals with high basicity into barium containing perovskite materials facilitates high proton conduction pathways through the exsolution of barium oxides at humidified air conditions, boosting oxygen reactions activities.
Nanozymes: powerful catalytic materials for environmental pollutant detection and degradation
Authors: Diao Qiaoqiao , Chen Xinyu , Tang Zheng , Li Shu , Tian Qingzhen , Bu Zhijian , Liu Huiqing , Liu Jinjin , Niu Xiangheng
Published: January 2024

Here we made a critical review on nanozyme-involved detection and degradation of environmental pollutants, and the research progress achieved in the last five years was emphatically concluded.
Melon peel flour: utilization as a functional ingredient in bakery products
Authors: Silva Mafalda Alexandra , Albuquerque Tânia Gonçalves , Alves Rita Carneiro , Oliveira M. Beatriz P. P. , Costa Helena S.
Published: January 2024

Food by-products are a major concern with a direct impact on the economy, society, and environment.
Light-controlled morphological development of self-organizing bioinspired nanocomposites
Authors: Bistervels Marloes H. , Hoogendoorn Niels T. , Kamp Marko , Schoenmaker Hinco , Brouwer Albert M. , Noorduin Willem L.
Published: January 2024

Modulations in light intensity enable switching between growth modes, patterning, and sculpting of photochemically formed self-organizing nanocomposites.
Recent research progress on building C–N bonds via electrochemical NOx reduction
Authors: Udayasurian Shaktiswaran R. , Li Tengfei
Published: January 2024

Building C–N bonds via electrochemical NOx reduction provides an attractive strategy to upgrade waste NOx species into valuable organonitrogen products. Here we review the recent advances and highlight the key strategies and challenges in this area.
Achieving efficient almost CO-free hydrogen production from methanol steam reforming on Cu modified α-MoC
Authors: Jiang Wen , Liu Aonan , Yao Ming , Zhang Yuchun , Fu Peng
Published: January 2024

Methanol, serving as a hydrogen carrier, is utilized for hydrogen production through steam reforming, a promising technology for on-vehicle hydrogen applications.
Photonic approach in stacked slabs having periodic holes for enhancing photocatalytic activities
Authors: Ikeda Taro , Ohta Shingo , Iizuka Hideo
Published: January 2024

Electromagnetic fields confined in thin photocatalyst layers in stacked slabs having periodic holes enable the enhancement of the photocatalytic activities.
The solubility product controls the rate of calcite dissolution in pure water and seawater
Authors: Yang Minjun , Tan Ling , Batchelor-McAuley Christopher , Compton Richard G.
Published: January 2024

The dissolution of calcite crystals into water is revealed to be under thermodynamic control such that the rate of dissolution is controlled by the rate of diffusion of ions from a saturated surface layer adjacent to the calcite surface.
Machine learning from quantum chemistry to predict experimental solvent effects on reaction rates
Authors: Chung Yunsie , Green William H.
Published: January 2024

A machine learning model, trained on a large COSMO-RS dataset, enables accurate and rapid predictions of solvation effects on reaction rates for diverse reactions and solvents only based on atom-mapped reaction SMILES and solvent SMILES.
Breaking the trade-off between capacity and stability in vanadium-based zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Jiang Weikang , Zhu Kaiyue , Xie Weili , Wang Zhengsen , Ou Zuqiao , Yang Weishen
Published: January 2024

To break the capacity-stability trade-off in zinc ion batteries, electrolytes using organic solvents with a small amount of water are first proposed to ensure sufficient proton insertion while minimizing the harmful effects of water on electrodes.
Conceptualizing flexible papers using cellulose model surfaces and polymer particles
Authors: Lux Cassia , Kerz Sabrina , Ribeiro Catarina C. , Bareuther Jennifer , Lützenkirchen Johannes , Stock Sebastian , Tsintsaris Michalis , Rehahn Matthias , Stark Robert W. , von Klitzing Regine
Published: January 2024

Using cellulose model surfaces, the interaction of additives with cellulose is studied to create new materials, e.g. flexible papers.
The interplay of intersystem crossing and internal conversion in quadrupolar tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles
Authors: Górski Krzysztof , Kusy Damian , Ozaki Shuhei , Banasiewicz Marzena , Valiev Rashid , Sahoo Smruti Ranjan , Kamada Kenji , Baryshnikov Glib , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: January 2024

In centrosymmetric, quadrupolar dyes the weak donor–acceptor conjugation results in negligible emission and weak two-photon absorption.
Treating Pediatric Feeding Disorders and Dysphagia: Evidence-Based Interventions for School-Based Clinicians
Authors: West Kristen M.
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

Children with pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) and dysphagia are increasingly prevalent in school-based caseloads. This tutorial discusses the current best practices for treating children with PFD and dysphagia as well as considerations for service delivery in educational settings.

Method:

The rationale for treating PFD and dysphagia in an educational setting is discussed. A review of various interventions for PFD and dysphagia and a discussion of the available evidence are provided. The principles of experience-dependent neuroplasticity and theory-driven practice are discussed in light of the need for additional empirical research. Practical considerations to enhance evidence-based practice for PFD and dysphagia in educational settings are explored.

Results:

The reader will be able to identify evidence-based interventions for students with PFD and dysphagia and plan for the implementation of these approaches in the school setting.

Conclusions:

Students with PFD and dysphagia require skilled interventions to support their participation in educationally relevant activities and to promote continued development of feeding and swallowing skills while at school. A discussion of the current evidence for various interventions is provided to promote the utilization of evidence-based interventions in school-based settings.
Aspects of compatibility regarding the pre-1990 blasters with new categories of electric detonators
Authors: Gabor Dan , Păun Florin , Tăzlăuanu Alexandra
Published: January 2024

In Romanian mining operations for the initiation of electric detonators are still used blasters manufactured before 1990. These blasters were designed and built for the initiation of electric detonators using the requirements of obsolete standards. For simultaneous initiation of a large number of electric detonators, sufficient electrical power must be supplied to all detonators within milliseconds. The time required to heat up the bridgewire until the fusehead deflagrates is a function of the voltage and the current. In order to be able to use old generation blasters for the initiation of new generation of electric detonators (that are built according to new national and European standards) a comparative analysis must be made between the requirements of the pre-1990 standards and the new standards in use.
The dynamics of carbon dioxide evacuation from closed enclosures
Authors: Rădoi Florin , Boantă Corneliu
Published: January 2024

The development of human society involves the growth and diversification of industrial activities in which asphyxiating substances such as carbon dioxide are produced or formed. The presence of this gas in closed or semi-closed spaces can seriously affect the human body and when the concentrations are close to 12% Vol., death can occur. In order to establish preventive measures, it is very important to know how carbon dioxide affects the human body and how it is evacuate. Also, in order to establish the necessary measures, it is necessary to know the dispersion dynamics of carbon dioxide both horizontally and vertically. The paper presents the experiment on establishing the evacuation dynamics of carbon dioxide in a closed enclosure.
Restructuring substantial increase in natural gas reserves by coalbed methane (CBM) recovery
Authors: Tomescu Cristian , Ianc Nicolae , Stanila Sorina
Published: January 2024

Coal deposits, especially hard coal deposits, contain in their structure large amounts of methane, which during exploitation is diluted through industrial ventilation and degassing technologies down to non-hazardous concentrations, reducing the major risk factor for the safety of workers and resources minerals. The amount of methane released and exhausted into the atmosphere by the degassing and ventilation stations of the mining units, in addition to being wasted instead of being used, is also a factor of environmental pollution, as a potential greenhouse gas (GHG). The environmental issues and the climate crisis faced by humanity compel the establishment of an Action Program on the methane issue, which includes the capture, recovery and exploitation of gas from active coal mines, or from virgin strata, from unexploited mining fields, with the help of currently available technologies and practices, which represent the chance to obtain clean energy and substantial climate benefits, in the short and long term. The solution to the use of methane gas from coal at active mining operations in Jiu a Valley - Romania, by burning it to obtain the thermal agent, brought important economic benefits by reducing energy costs and environmental protection by reducing methane emissions in the atmosphere. The present paper proposes an analysis of the benefits obtained as well as the development possibilities of methane usage for obtaining a clean fuel.
Testing of low-current equipment in explosive atmospheres
Authors: Beldiman Alexandru Marian , Pupăzan Gabriela
Published: January 2024

All activities involving flammable substances capable of generating an atmosphere mixed with air, in the form of gases, vapors, flammable fog, or dust may involve a danger of explosion. The test to which equipment must be subjected to confirm explosion protection shall be governed by specific standards, depending on the type of protection adopted. The prevent ignition of the hazardous atmosphere, the equipment tested must meet the specific environmental conditions in which it operates. Thus, the designed equipment is evaluated about the requirements of the specific standard in the equipment evaluation process, and equipment samples are tested. To do this, the laboratory’s ability to perform the tests must comply with specific explosion protection standards. This paper focuses on tests for low-current equipment on the protection and operational safety of equipment and the risk of ignition of explosive atmospheres due to electrical equipment with a type of protection intrinsic safety ”i”, encapsulation ”m” and pressurization ”p”. A resulting conclusion emphasizes the importance of ensuring the quality of the test results to which the equipment was subjected, which confirms not only the conformity of the tested equipment but also the laboratory infrastructure.
Urban noise, a source of discomfort
Authors: Simion Sorin , Kovacs Marius , Lorand Toth
Published: January 2024

Noise pollution interferes with most daily activities and, last but not least, disrupts rest, causing psychological, physiological and sometimes pathological reactions in certain situations, when exposure is extended and noise level is above the permitted limits. Sources generating urban noise are varied, randomly distributed in space and time, distinguished from the noise generated by industrial activity that generates occupational exposure of workers, who are permanently exposed to noise generated by industrial operations that are relatively well defined in space and time. As a result of exposure to noise pollution the human body experiences various effects of a physiological and/or psychological nature that affect its health and daily activities. The research was carried out over a period of 4 months in the main intersections in the Eastern area of Jiu Valley, where the level of noise pollution caused by road traffic and the discomfort created to residents in the vicinity of traffic arteries were analysed. Data gathered during the monitoring period show that noise pollution is also accentuated in small urban agglomerations (under 100,000 inhabitants) and it is necessary to monitor it and apply the best measures to reduce the negative impact on neighbourhoods.
Advantages and disadvantages of the online training system in the field of occupational safety and health
Authors: Trifu Alina , Darabont Doru Costin , Ciocîrlea Vicențiu , Ivan Iulian
Published: January 2024

In today's context, training in the field of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) has become essential due to the increase in the number of employees and the diversification of industries. Globalization and the accelerated technologization of jobs have imposed the need to adapt and continuously update knowledge in this field. At the same time, the covid-19 pandemic has led to an increase in interest in online training, making access to quality information and training easier for more people, regardless of location. Thus, occupational health and safety training faces new challenges and opportunities in terms of course delivery and accessibility. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the online training system in the field of OSH are presented, as they emerge both from the specialized literature and from the authors' own experience. This paper also provides a number of recommendations for improving the online OSH training system at the national level.
Testing of the pyrotechnic composition of the fireworks and the functional safety in order to evaluate the constructive and functional compliance with the specific rules and standards
Authors: Jitea Ilie-Ciprian , Rus Daniela , Anton Darsy , Tătărcan Anca-Cristina
Published: January 2024

The paper presents the way of carrying out the tests necessary to substantiate the working hypotheses in order to fulfill the objectives set out in the ordinance for the technical expertise of pyrotechnic articles intended for entertainment purposes when we talk about the samples made available by the M.A.I., the General Inspectorate of the Romanian Police, based on a orderly from a criminal file. A pyrotechnic article intended for entertainment purposes shall be categorised under the Pyrotechnic Articles Directive 2013/29/EU(on the harmonization of the legislation of the Member States regarding the making available on the market of pyrotechnic articles) as a firework belonging to category F1, F2, F3 or F4. The tests required for the technical expertise of the pyrotechnic articles made available are the following: Determination of the content of the pyrotechnic articles, according to PI-97, based on SR EN 15947-4:2016; Checking the functionig of pyrotechnic articles, according to PI-98, based on SR EN 15947-4:2016, SR EN 16261-3:2016, SR EN 16263-4:2016; The categorization of pyrotechnic articles, according to PI-13.
Evaluation of the safety quality of automotive pyrotechnic articles following their exposure to triaxial vibrations with predetermined thermal conditioning cycles
Authors: Radeanu Cristian , Vasilescu Gabriel , Rus Daniela , Radermacher Ladislau , Popescu Claudius
Published: January 2024

Pyrotechnic articles fall into the field of dangerous products, Risk Class 1 - explosives, thus requiring the assurance of their security quality in order to make them available on the market. The family of pyrotechnic articles also includes pyrotechnic articles for vehicles. The main types of pyrotechnic articles intended for vehicles are: actuators (triggers), airbag gas generators, airbag modules, igniters, micro gas generators, semifinished products and seat belt pretensioners safety. Since pyrotechnic articles for vehicles are only used in the composition of security devices in vehicles, they must meet the essential security requirements, being subjected to trials and tests based on harmonized standards for this field. The paper highlights the results of the experimental tests that were obtained using the latest generation specialized equipment intended for the determination of the triaxial vibration parameter and under conditions of variable temperature with predetermined cycles, in order to evaluate the security quality of pyrotechnic articles intended for automobiles (pyrotechnic actuator for automotive use, seat belt pre-tensioner) included in category P1.
Applicative Study on Work Related Stress in Transport Field
Authors: Iordache Raluca Maria , Petreanu Viorica , Mihăilă Delia Cristina
Published: January 2024

The paper presents some results of an applicative study on work related stress in transport activities. The premises of this research derived from a pilot study concerning psychosocial risk factors that could determine work related stress and effects on work behaviour and health state that was developed involving five fields of activity with high exposure on work related stress (education, health, transport, banks, financial consulting). The study aimed to identify the main psychosocial risk factors in transport field and to analyse the specific results in correlation with the outcomes of the pilot study. A complex ergonomic methodology was used, and one of the main instruments used to identify psychosocial factors was the Romanian version of Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ).
Dynamics of harmful factors in inclined road tunnels according to the results of numerical modeling of up to 50 MW fires in terms of natural ventilation
Authors: Lanchava Omar , Ilias Nicolae , Radu Sorin Mihai , Nozadze Giorgi , Javakhishvili Giorgi
Published: January 2024

The present paper explores the change of the harmful factors by means of full-scale numerical models. In the numerical models, the tunnel length is 400 m; the slope gradient varies within 0-9%, with a 2% step; and the heat release rate is within 5-50 MW. The outdoor air temperature on the models was assumed to be 20℃, while the pressure difference between the portals on different models varied depending on the slope, and the variation range was 50-400 Pa. The modeling results show that the propagation of the harmful factors is characterized by stabilization as demonstrated by the fact that the distance of descending propagation of the harmful factors decreases for each specific tunnel gradient and eventually shows a pronounced asymmetry with respect to the seat of fire. This confirms the preferential and pronounced ascending movement of the ventilation flow with toxic products of combustion. Thus, the worst results during the natural ventilation are expected for ascending flows. Based on the isolines of temperature, as well as the concentrations of carbon monoxide and oxygen, the gradient factor can be calculated, which can be used to design ventilation systems for engine tunnels, ensure their safe operation and save human lives during the fire.