bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on abnormal hot corrosion behavior of nickel-based single-crystal superalloy at 900 °C after drilling
Authors: Chen Zehao , Wu Mengmeng , Pei Yanling , Li Shusuo , Gong Shengkai
Published: April 2021

The hot corrosion behavior of nickel-based single-crystal superalloy after drilling is investigated at 900 °C. The characteristics of hot corrosion after drilling which are different from normal hot corrosion are reflected in the formation of a more stable oxide layer and less severe spallation. The change of microstructure around the hole is the main reason for the formation of a stable oxide layer during hot corrosion by changing the diffusion process of alloying elements. Subsequently, the formation of a stable oxide layer can reduce the effect of spalling by optimizing surface stress.
Glucose and fatty acid metabolism involved in the protective effect of metformin against ulipristal-induced endometrial changes in rats
Authors: Hamza Marwa S. , Ramadan Eman , Salama Salama A.
Published: April 2021

Ulipristal acetate (UPA) is effective in the treatment of uterine fibroids. However, its clinical use is hampered by the development of pathologic progesterone receptor modulator-associated endometrial changes (PAECs). The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that UPA-induced PAECs are associated with deranged expression of some metabolic genes. In addition, metformin can mitigate UPA-induced PAECs through modulating the expression of these genes. In the present study, twenty-eight female non-pregnant, nulligravid Wistar rats were treated with UPA (0.1 mg/kg/day, intragastric) and/or metformin (50 mg/kg/day, intragastric) for 8 weeks. Our results demonstrated that co-treatment with metformin significantly reduced UPA-induced PAECs. In addition, co-treatment with metformin and UPA was associated with significant increase in the Bax and significant reduction in Bcl-2, PCNA, Cyclin-D1and ER-α as compared to treatment with UPA alone. Furthermore, treatment with UPA alone was associated with deranged expression of 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3-PHGDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), transketolase (TKT), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and CD36. Most importantly, co-treatment with metformin markedly reduced UPA-induced altered expression of these metabolic genes in endometrial tissues. In conclusion, UPA-induced PAECs are associated with altered expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, estrogen receptor, glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Co-treatment with metformin abrogated UPA-induced PAECs most likely through the modulation of the expression of these genes.
Retraction Note: Therapeutic effect of molecular hydrogen in corneal UVB-induced oxidative stress and corneal photodamage
Authors: Cejka Cestmir , Kossl Jan , Hermankova Barbora , Holan Vladimir , Kubinova Sarka , Zhang John H. , Cejkova Jitka
Published: April 2021

Editor's Note: this Article has been retracted; the Retraction Note is available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89085-8.
Boom-bust population dynamics increase diversity in evolving competitive communities
Authors: Doebeli Michael , Jaque Eduardo Cancino , Ispolatov Yaroslav
Published: April 2021

The processes and mechanisms underlying the origin and maintenance of biological diversity have long been of central importance in ecology and evolution. The competitive exclusion principle states that the number of coexisting species is limited by the number of resources, or by the species’ similarity in resource use. Natural systems such as the extreme diversity of unicellular life in the oceans provide counter examples. It is known that mathematical models incorporating population fluctuations can lead to violations of the exclusion principle. Here we use simple eco-evolutionary models to show that a certain type of population dynamics, boom-bust dynamics, can allow for the evolution of much larger amounts of diversity than would be expected with stable equilibrium dynamics. Boom-bust dynamics are characterized by long periods of almost exponential growth (boom) and a subsequent population crash due to competition (bust). When such ecological dynamics are incorporated into an evolutionary model that allows for adaptive diversification in continuous phenotype spaces, desynchronization of the boom-bust cycles of coexisting species can lead to the maintenance of high levels of diversity.
Wavy supramolecular polymers formed by hydrogen-bonded rosettes
Authors: Tamaki Kenta , Aizawa Takumi , Yagai Shiki
Published: April 2021

A novel barbiturate-functionalized supramolecular monomer provides unprecedented wavy supramolecular polymers with periodic inversion of curvature domainsviathe formation of hydrogen-bonded rosettes.
Recent advances and perspectives in photo-induced enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhao Jingtian , Wang Ziyun , Lan Jinshen , Khan Imran , Ye Xiaofang , Wan Jing , Fei Yuchen , Huang Shengli , Li Shuping , Kang Junyong
Published: April 2021

Light irradiation induces charge separation and expels electrons to the states of oxygen vacancies or the conduction band, which increases the charge transfer and electromagnetic field of the substrate and magnifies the Raman signal of the analytes.
Long-range order in quadrupolar systems on spherical surfaces
Authors: Gnidovec Andraž , Čopar Simon
Published: April 2021

Many physical systems involve a spherical support, such as droplets, vesicles, fullerenes and protein assemblies. Quadrupoles on different spherical lattices are shown to orient in interesting ways that result in various degrees of symmetry breaking.
Integrated bioinformatics analysis reveals novel key biomarkers and potential candidate small molecule drugs in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Alur Varun , Raju Varshita , Vastrad Basavaraj , Tengli Anandkumar , Vastrad Chanabasayya , Kotturshetti Shivakumar
Published: April 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the metabolic disorder that appears during pregnancy. The current investigation aimed to identify central differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GDM. The transcription profiling by array data (E-MTAB-6418) was obtained from the ArrayExpress database. The DEGs between GDM samples and non-GDM samples were analyzed. Functional enrichment analysis were performed using ToppGene. Then we constructed the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database (STRING) and module analysis was performed. Subsequently, we constructed the miRNA–hub gene network and TF–hub gene regulatory network. The validation of hub genes was performed through receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Finally, the candidate small molecules as potential drugs to treat GDM were predicted by using molecular docking. Through transcription profiling by array data, a total of 869 DEGs were detected including 439 up-regulated and 430 down-regulated genes. Functional enrichment analysis showed these DEGs were mainly enriched in reproduction, cell adhesion, cell surface interactions at the vascular wall and extracellular matrix organization. Ten genes, HSP90AA1, EGFR, RPS13, RBX1, PAK1, FYN, ABL1, SMAD3, STAT3 and PRKCA were associated with GDM, according to ROC analysis. Finally, the most significant small molecules were predicted based on molecular docking. This investigation identified hub genes, signal pathways and therapeutic agents, which might help us, enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of GDM and find some novel therapeutic agents for GDM.
Formation of formaldehyde through methanol-ice-mantle (CH3OH)10 bombardment by OH+ cation
Authors: Inostroza-Pino Natalia , MacLeod-Carey Desmond , Heyser Cristopher , Mardones Diego , Espinoza Carlos , Ge Jixing
Published: April 2021

Context. Formaldehyde H2CO was the first organic polyatomic molecule discovered in the interstellar medium to have been detected in a variety of sources. However, pathways to synthesize this molecule under interstellar conditions have yet to be discussed.

Aims. We carried out a systematic study to analyze the chemical processes that can explain the H2CO formation mechanism toward a decamer of methanol (CH3OH)10 as target material to mimic an ice mantle bombarded by an OH+ cation.

Methods. We performed Born-Oppenheimer (ab initio) molecular dynamics simulations to obtain the formation mechanisms of complex organic molecules (COMs) such as formaldehyde H2CO and its HCOH isomer.

Results. We found that CH2OH+ and CH2(OH)2 are the main precursors to form H2CO and HCOH. We discuss its formation mechanisms and the astrophysical implications in star-forming regions. These processes are likely relevant to the production of COMs.
Optimal energy decay rates for abstract second order evolution equations with non-autonomous damping
Authors: Luo Jun-Ren , Xiao Ti-Jun
Published: April 2021

We consider an abstract second order non-autonomous evolution equation in a Hilbert space H : u″ + Au + γ(t)u′ + f(u) = 0, where A is a self-adjoint and nonnegative operator on H, f is a conservative H-valued function with polynomial growth (not necessarily to be monotone), and γ(t)u′ is a time-dependent damping term. How exactly the decay of the energy is affected by the damping coefficient γ(t) and the exponent associated with the nonlinear term f? There seems to be little development on the study of such problems, with regard to non-autonomous equations, even for strongly positive operator A. By an idea of asymptotic rate-sharpening (among others), we obtain the optimal decay rate of the energy of the non-autonomous evolution equation in terms of γ(t) and f. As a byproduct, we show the optimality of the energy decay rates obtained previously in the literature when f is a monotone operator.
Dynamic Monitoring of Low Voltage Distribution Network Leakage Detection Device Based on Internet of Things Technology
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Shiqing
Published: April 2021

The existing dynamic monitoring methods of low-voltage distribution network leakage detection device have been unable to meet the needs of the distribution network in China. Therefore, a dynamic monitoring method of low-voltage distribution network leakage detection device based on Internet of Things technology is proposed. Based on the introduction of the Internet of Things technology sensor sensing technology, the sensor is installed on the leakage detection device to obtain the operation data of the leakage detection device and preprocess it with noise reduction and normalization. At the same time, the statistical analysis of partial discharge signal is carried out to extract the characteristics of fast waveform signal (energy parameters, sample entropy and modal components). Based on the operation data features of the leakage detection device extracted above, the state diagnosis framework of the leakage detection device is built to diagnose the state of the leakage detection device, and the dynamic monitoring of the leakage detection device in low-voltage distribution network is realized. The experimental results show that: compared with the existing methods, the proposed method has stronger anti-interference ability and smaller monitoring error, which fully proves that the proposed method has better application effect.
The impacts of introducing carbon prices in the electricity market under China’s carbon neutrality goal
Authors: Liu Runze , Jing Zhaoxia
Published: April 2021

The world’s energy system is undergoing an evolution from high-carbon to low-carbon. The Chinese government has also proposed the carbon neutral plan. Foreign practical experience shows that there is an interaction between the carbon market and the electricity market, therefore, understanding the relationship between the two markets is essential to ensure the efficient operation of both markets. In the context of China's power market reform, this paper studies the impact of introducing carbon prices into the wholesale market, and conducts a case study based on the data of a certain area in GD province. The results show that after the carbon price is transmitted to the electricity price, the more low-carbon and environmentally friendly power generation technologies will gain greater advantages in the electricity market, which is conducive to the clean energy transformation of the power system. Finally, this paper puts forward feasible suggestions for the reform of the electricity market under China’s carbon emission reduction target.
A Tie-line Power Smoothing Method for a building Microgrid with Plug-in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Yuan Kai , Sun Chongbo , Song Yi , Wu Zhili
Published: April 2021

Aiming to facilitate a high penetration of renewable generation and the low energy consumption technologies at the demand side, there is significant development of low-carbon building Microgrids integrated with renewable generation. However, renewable generation is usually intermittent, uncertain and uncontrollable, which induces power mismatches between power demand and supply for the low-carbon building Microgrids. Therefore, a two-layer method for a building Microgrid is proposed to smooth the tie-line power by scheduling the thermal mass of the building and the electric vehicles at two different time scales. A Vehicle-to-Building control strategy was developed to dispatch the electric vehicles as a flexible resource. Numerical studies demonstrated that the proposed method can smooth the fluctuations of the tie-line power for the building Microgrid.
Capacity Configuration Optimization of Micro-grid System basedon Quantum Particle Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Yuqiong Zhang , Ziwei Chen , Zhifang Shao , Qiang Zhao , Chuyin Han
Published: April 2021

The optimized configuration of wind/photovoltaic/storage micro-grid system capacity can realize multi-energy complementation and improve the stability and economy of grid-connected operation of power generation units. In this paper, the capacity of each core component of the micro-grid system under different combination paths such as Wind-PV power generation, battery energy storage, hydrogen production by electrolysis, and fuel cell power generation are optimized and economically analyzed. Taking the FCFF (Free Cash Flow of Firm) net present value maximization of the system running for 20 years as the objective function, considering the impact of energy shortage rate and dynamic electricity price, an operation research optimization model is established and intelligent algorithms are used to solve the model. The model can flexibly realize capacity optimization under different micro-grid combination paths, and it can prevent the solution result from falling into the local optimum through the design of quantum particle swarm algorithm. We analyzed the optimization results in terms of economic benefits, social benefits, and environmental benefits, and further analyzed the annual power generation status of the system and the operation status of the electrolysis hydrogen production system. The calculation example shows that under the current technical conditions, the micro-grid system composed of wind and solar power generation, electrochemical energy storage, and hydrogen production by electrolysis has better economic, social and environmental benefits than other models.
Joint planning of electric vehicle charging station and distributed generation on location and capacity
Authors: Wang Peiwen , Shen Jin
Published: April 2021

The widespread application of distributed generation and electric vehicles are two important ways to save energy and reduce emissions. Therefore, the location and capacity of distributed generation and electric vehicle charging stations are particularly important. From the perspective of environmental protection, distributed power generation has obvious advantages over traditional power generation methods. Based on this, this paper establishes a model of location and capacity of electric vehicle charging stations with distributed generation with the lowest sum of investment, operation and maintenance costs, network losses and environmental costs. And this paper uses the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm to solve the model. Finally, the IEEE 33-node distribution system is used as an example to perform calculations to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model and algorithm.
An efficient and stable single-phase online uninterruptible power supply
Authors: Yuan Weihao , Chi Haifei , Zhu Zhishan
Published: April 2021

The system is an AC sine wave online uninterruptible power supply designed with STM32F407 as the main controller and full-bridge single-phase inverter as the core technology. The system is based on the STM32F407 single-chip microcomputer, and consists of a rectifier circuit, a BOOST circuit, a PFC power factor correction circuit, and a full-bridge single-phase inverter circuit. When the input of the system is switched between 29V~43V AC power supply and 24V DC power supply, the output voltage can maintain an AC sine wave with constant frequency and amplitude. Experimental data shows that the system has high operating efficiency and excellent stability.
Lateral stability control of distributed driven electric vehicle based on sliding mode control
Authors: Li Xian
Published: April 2021

Aiming at the lateral stability control problem of distributed driven electric vehicles under high speed steering condition, a hierarchical control algorithm of direct yaw moment is designed. The upper control takes the 2-DOF vehicle model as the reference model and uses the sliding mode control to obtain the required yaw moment by tracking the desired yaw velocity and the desired vehicle side-slip angle. The lower control optimizes the distribution of four wheel torque with the minimum tire utilization rate. Finally, Carsim/Simulink was used for model building and co-simulation, and the control effect of PID algorithm was compared. The results show the hierarchical control algorithm achieves the expected goal of improving vehicle lateral stability.
Grounding fault detection and type determination of substation DC system
Authors: Wang Guozhong , Zeng Yin , Shen Juanping , Zhu Hongming
Published: April 2021

The DC system is used as the power supply for all kinds of protection, measurement and control, safety automation and other devices in the substation. It is the fundamental guarantee of power system control and protection. If the substation DC system fails, it will have a destructive impact on the entire substation system and function. Based on this, in order to solve the problems of maloperation and refusal of protection device caused by grounding fault of DC system, a method combining unbalanced bridge method with leakage current sensor is proposed to detect the grounding resistance of bus and branch. On this basis, the neural network optimized by quantum particle swarm optimization is used to determine the fault type. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation.
Research on Roller Status Diagnosis of CRDM Based on SWT and HHT
Authors: Zhang Liming , Rong Lei , Jiao Meng , Li Ling , Yu Yaohua
Published: April 2021

For the control rod drive mechanism roller vibration signal’s characteristics of nonlinear and nonstationary. Based on actual equipment life experiment and roller fault experiment, a status diagnosis method of roller of control rod drive mechanism based on Semi-soft wavelet threshold and Hilbert-Huang transform is proposed. Firstly, semi-soft wavelet threshold method is used to reduce noise interference and the influence of end-point effect on empirical mode decomposition, and the improved Hilbert transform method is used to extract the fault characteristics of roller vibration signal. The experimental results show that the method can effectively eliminate the interference of noises and realize the status diagnosis of the roller.
Research review of transformer vibration monitoring technique
Authors: Yang Yunze , Wang Chang , Li Shujuan , Min Li , Yang Yuanyuan
Published: April 2021

Transformer vibration monitoring technique has been known to be safe, stable and resistant to interference. Based on the theories of transformer vibration and its origins, this study focuses on the equivalent mathematical model of transformer vibration, signal characteristics, as well as monitoring system for transformer vibration, to summarize research findings over recent years. A series of intelligent technologies have been adopted to reach certain diagnoses and monitoring outcomes; however, their applications are to some extent limited by the experience of users and other variants. The stability and reliability of techniques for monitoring transformer vibration need further improving.
Design of control system of Multifunctional Loading and Unloading Equipment
Authors: Zhao Zhenfeng , Yi Chuanyun , Deng Yuansheng , Han Leilei
Published: April 2021

The main structure of the multifunctional loading and unloading machine is analyzed and designed, including feeding conveyor, intermediate conveyor and unloading conveyor. According to the action of each part of the hydraulic system and electrical system design, in order to meet the needs of more working conditions, the working mechanism realized the overall slip, telescopic conveyor lifting, rotating, telescopic; Combined with the convenience of worker operation, three control modes of remote control, workbench control and terminal control are designed.
A Fast Drying Machine Based On Semiconductor Heat Pump
Authors: Wang Fengzhe
Published: April 2021

The new latent heat recovery type semiconductor heat pump ground fast dryer is a kind of integrated semiconductor refrigeration module on the traditional dryer. We simulated the process of the wind being heated by the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration module under different working conditions through ANSYS software, so as to obtain the best solution for the semiconductor refrigeration module. Using the principles of drying and air condensation, we calculated the influence of the drying rate, drying time, and the condensation effect of the cold end when the air at different hot end inlet wind speeds, ambient temperature and moisture content blows the same amount of moisture on the ground. Through energy-saving analysis, our design saves about 60% energy compared with traditional electric heating style hair dryers. In the case of the same input power, the outlet air temperature of the semiconductor heat pump ground rapid dryer is significantly higher than that of the electric heating hair dryer. Therefore, when the ground is dry with the same amount of moisture, the use of the new semiconductor heat pump ground rapid dryer can significantly shorten drying time, the best drying time shortening rate is as high as 70%.
Research on the Sound Insulation Properties of Membrane-type Acoustic Metamaterials
Authors: Hao Jinyu , Guo Sheng , Cheng Jian , Hu Zhaopin , Cui Hongyu
Published: April 2021

Low- and medium-frequency noise from ship cabins is difficult to control effectively. Excessive noise can seriously affect the acoustic stealth performance of ships. A novel membrane-type acoustic metamaterial is proposed in this paper with light weight and good sound insulation performance at low frequencies. The sound insulation performance of the metamaterial structure is analysed by using the acoustic-solid coupling module in COMSOL software. Then, the ability to change the sound insulation performance of membrane-type acoustic metamaterials with cell structure and material parameters is obtained. The research results in this paper provide powerful technical support for noise control in ship cabins.
Failure Analysis of the Strain Clamp Steel Anchor Corrosion of a 500 kV Transmission Line
Authors: Liu Weike , Cao Xianhui , Hu Yujing , Li Dong , Xie Yi
Published: April 2021

By macroscopic observation, composition analysis, mechanical properties test, SEM, energy spectrum, overall grip tensile test and finite element mechanics calculation method, the strain clamp steel anchor corrosion failure of a 500 kV transmission line is analysed. The results show that the corrosion of steel anchor for 31 years are the result of the natural corrosion, steel anchor corrosion rate is accelerated due to the galvanic corrosion, crevice corrosion, stress and damaged surface of the galvanized layer, and achieve C4 environment (zinc 2.1–4.2 um per year, carbon steel 50–80 um per year). The hardware are qualified. It is suggested to replace the steel anchor with yellow rust on the surface after 5 years, and to reevaluate the next maintenance cycle of the gold fittings without yellow rust on the surface at present, and replace it when the corrosion depth reaches 10%. Before replacement, all fittings should be monitored, especially steel anchor.
Experimental study on influence of aggregate gradation on properties of silica aerogel-glazed hollow beads composite insulation mortar
Authors: Yiren Wang , Lian Ju , Jinmei Xu , Zhijun Zhang
Published: April 2021

Taking the defects of narrow range of particle gradation of glazed hollow beads and low mechanical strength of silica aerogel into consideration, silica aerogel and glazed hollow bead have been mixed for the composite aggregate of insulation mortar. Some measures, such as composite aggregate and particle gradation, were taken to optimize the properties of aggregate formulation, analyzing kinds of factors that influence on the properties of the mortar thoroughly, such as mechanical properties, thermal insulation properties and fire-resistance properties. Under the condition of 60vol% aggregate content, it was found that compositing 35vol% silica aerogel and 65vol% glazed hollow beads as the composite aggregate was optimum for producing insulation mortar samples with suitable properties.
Comparative Study on Flow Characteristics of Pipeline System Based on CFD
Authors: Yingzhe Hou , Hao Wu , Xiaozhe Yan , Haoqiang Zhu , Haitao Gao , Yiming Hu , Qiguan Cui , Jinying Xiong , Longyu Zhou
Published: April 2021

Based on the CFD numerical simulation method, this paper established a pipeline model to study the internal flow characteristics of three different combinations of hot water pipeline systems and thus obtained the flow field information such as pressure, flow rate, and flow rate inside the pipeline. The study results showed that the smoother the pipeline transition, the smaller the velocity uniformity coefficient; the higher the uniformity of the flow field, the smaller the pressure and velocity fluctuations, the smaller the resulting pipeline vibration. Besides, the flow characteristics have been greatly improved.
Physicochemical Properties and its Variation Law of Microemulsion Phase When Microemulsion Flooding
Authors: Wang Dongqi , Yin Daiyin , Wang Junda
Published: April 2021

The composition change of microemulsion system in microemulsion flooding will inevitably cause the change of phase behavior. Microemulsion with different phase types directly affects its performance and displacement efficiency of microemulsion flooding. Therefore, in order to accurately describe this change, this paper, starting from the composition of microemulsion, gives the physicochemical properties characterization methods of microemulsion phase density, viscosity and interfacial tension, and simulates the change of physicochemical properties of microemulsion phase caused by microemulsion entering the high water-oil ratio zone in the process of flooding. The research results are of great significance for screening microemulsion systems and determining the displacement efficiency.
Crop distribution extraction based on Sentinel data
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Xiaoping , Qian Jiaxin
Published: April 2021

Remote sensing identification and classification of crops is the use of remote sensing for estimating crop planting area of timely and accurate monitoring of crop growth and plant diseases and insect pests in advance to make the product output to estimate the key and premise of the study using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite, by random forest algorithm, the traditional optical wavelengths and vegetation index The backward scattering field of red edge information and radar information in feature selection and feature classification, including winter wheat summer corn orchard woodland town water and bare land set three controls, such as the first group contains radar time characteristics, the characteristics of the second control group contains red edge long, the third group includes traditional vegetation index for phase characteristics, analyzed the different classification accuracy. The results from the confusion matrix show that the red edge band edge after index and the radar scattering information to join the crop classification accuracy is improved effectively. Sentinel optical and radar satellites with a time resolution of 5–6 days have great potential for crop monitoring research.
Review-Recent development on silicon-based anodes for high-performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chengwei
Published: April 2021

Silicon has been recognized as one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical specific capacity and similar working voltage as the lithium anode. However, there are some unavoidable drawbacks including volume expansion effects, low conductivity, the constant formation of SEI during lithiation and delithiation contributes to its fewer possibilities for commercialization. Therefore, modification of silicon for better performance is required for future applications. This review demonstrates recent progress and development of modification for the silicon-based anode including silicon-carbon composite with yolk-shell structure, nanostructured silicon, and alloying method. Finally, the existing problems and future improvements are also discussed based on current development.
Planning and Operation of Renewable Energy Power System Based on Energy Internet Technology
Authors: Huichao Zhang , Zhuo Wang , Han Wang
Published: April 2021

Under the leaping development pattern of renewable energy brought by carbon emission targets, large-scale wind and solar power in high proportion of renewable energy power system has brought volatility and uncontrollable factors, and generation-grid coordination has become a technical problem for the safe and stable operation. The concept of energy Internet introduces Internet technology into the field of energy consumption application, which provides a new way for the full coupling of various energy consumption patterns, and is an effective method to solve the problem of safe and stable operation of high proportion renewable energy power system. Based on energy Internet technology, this paper designs the sustainable development architecture of generation-grid coordination from three aspects of planning, operation and mechanism, which lays a solid foundation for the development of generation-grid coordination in the future ' two high ' power system.
Optimal Dispatch of Integrated Community Energy System Considering Energy Flexibilities in Pipelines and Buildings
Authors: Qi Yan , Wu Lei , Ding Yi , Li Hairun
Published: April 2021

The development of cogeneration, distributed generation, information and communication technology has facilitated the application of integrated community energy system (ICES). However, some ICESs may lack operational flexibility due to the strict constraints of community heating system (CHS), which reduce the energy efficiency of ICESs. To solve this problem, an optimal dispatch model of ICES considering energy flexibilities in pipelines and buildings is proposed, in which the thermal dynamics of pipelines and buildings are described by node method and equivalent thermal parameter (ETP) method. The objective of the proposed dispatch method is to minimize the daily operation cost of ICES. What’s more, renewable energy accommodation cost and power purchase cost are both analysed to verify the improvement of ICES flexibility. It is demonstrated that the proposed method can unlock the flexibility of CHS and improve the energy efficiency of ICES.
Efficiency Evaluation of Logistics Industry in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region under Low-Carbon Constraints Based on the DEA-Malmquist Model
Authors: Chu Huiyi , Zhao Qilan
Published: April 2021

This paper studies the logistics efficiency of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region under the background of low-carbon economy from 2012 to 2017. We introduce the carbon dioxide emission into the input indicators on the basis of the pollutant input method, and we use the BCC model and Malmquist index model to make both static and dynamic efficiency evaluations of logistics industry. Also, we use the projection analysis method to analyze the root causes of DMUs with non-DEA efficiency. According to the problems of logistics efficiency in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, we put forward some recommendations to help the whole region achieve collaborative development under the low-carbon environment.
Overall design of radiation monitoring system formaritime nuclear facilities
Authors: Lei Qingxin , Shan Chenyu , Xie Wenzhang
Published: April 2021

The Radiation Monitoring System (RMS) is designed to check continuously the reactor at the operating set points, it assures that no individual and persons receive an unnecessary or hazardous exposure to radiation. According to the process and operation characteristics of Small Modular Reactor (SMR), these radiation monitoring channels can be grouped into the process radiation monitoring subsystem, the effluent radiation monitoring subsystem, the area radiation monitoring subsystem and the Post Accident Monitoring Subsystem (PAMS). Based on the architecture design of RMS, the demand of signal interface and power interface is analysed. Through introducing the marine environment, the problems of anti-shock, vibration, inclination and swing of loads are put forward.
Research on the Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Thermal Anomalies in Henan Province from 2008 to 2019
Authors: Ge Qiang , Shen Wenju , Li Shenshen , Cai Kun
Published: April 2021

Using MODIS standard products, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of thermal anomalies in Henan Province in the past 12 years (2008~2019) were studied. The results found that in terms of spatial distribution, thermal anomalies were mostly concentrated in Luohe, Zhumadian, Pingdingshan, Puyang, and Shangqiu. The number of areas under the jurisdiction of Anyang, Hebi, Nanyang and Xinyang is relatively high. On the inter-annual trend, the number of thermal anomalies continued to increase from 2009 to 2013, with an average annual growth rate of 28.3%, and a continuous decline from 2013 to 2018. The decline rate was 18.4%, during which the number reached a peak of 5,843 in 2013. In terms of seasonal changes, the number of summer thermal anomalies is the largest, at 25,361, and thermal anomalies of summer are mostly concentrated in most areas of Zhumadian, Pingdingshan, Puyang and Shangqiu; the number of thermal anomalies in winter is the least, 3974, which are relatively mostly distributed in the mountainous areas of Nanyang and Xinyang. This study helps to understand the forest fires in typical areas in Henan Province, as well as heat caused by straw burning, industrial emissions, etc. Thermal anomalies changes provide technical support for regional disaster prevention and environmental monitoring.
Studying the influence of aerosol types on solar radiation prediction
Authors: Wang Mingjie , Yang Ling , Zhang Jinye , Liu Ruibei
Published: April 2021

The influence of aerosol types on Solar radiation prediction was studied in this paper. According to Chinese population density, China administration districts were divided into areas with urban aerosol type and rural aerosol type based on Arcgis. The Solar radiation all over China was simulated by the Mesoscale numerical Weather Prediction Model (WRF). The forecasting was compared with the data of “Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System” released by NASA. The results showed that there was a big improvement when the different aerosol types in different areas were taken into consideration.
Construction of Harmful Gas Monitoring System in Coal Mine Working Environment
Authors: Li Yijie
Published: April 2021

In order to improve the accuracy, sensitivity, reliability, stability and maintainability of the coal mine safety monitoring system, and enhance the coal mine safety guarantee ability, combined with the national coal mine environmental monitoring network construction scheme and the coal mine safety production and environmental monitoring management regulations, the coal mine safety production status and environmental data are analyzed. In order to improve the production efficiency and provide reliable guarantee for the safety production of coal mine, the monitoring system of harmful gas in the working site of coal mine roadway is established.
Comparison of the risk perception and warning response to air pollution on an individual level in China
Authors: Wang Fangping , Su Fei
Published: April 2021

Individual responses to China’s heavy air pollution early warning are poorly understood. This knowledge gap has hampered the evaluation and improvement of the early warning system in providing the targeted populations with effective protection guidance. In order to explore the public’s response to air pollution warning, field survey were conducted in three major cities of China in 2016. The results indicated that different levels of air pollution warnings were correctly understood in these three cities, but the warning response rate was low. Significant differences in the public’s risk perception were demonstrated. Public perception of the health impacts of air pollution (HEP) and knowledge of the warning index (AQI) were significantly higher in Beijing than in Shenzhen. The public perception of the pollution level (DEVIATION) was equal in Beijing and Shenzhen, but higher than that in Shanghai. Gender, education, and risk perception were crucial factors influencing the public’s willingness to respond to warnings. Early warning policymakers can use this research to optimize the design and dissemination of early warning information to improve the public’s health and quality of life in cities with air pollution.
Study on market mechanism for high penetration of renewable energy in power system in China
Authors: Zhang Fan , Tang Chenghui
Published: April 2021

This paper first introduces the current situation and background of China’s renewable energy power generation, and analyzes the difficulties of renewable energy consumption in detail. The next section mainly introduces how China’s electricity market mechanism adapted to renewable energy of high penetration. China’s electricity market mechanism is further designed based on the existing market mechanism. These market mechanisms are divided into two stages. The first stage is that the spot market has not yet been established, and the second stage is the establishment of the spot market. In both stages, the design of a market mechanism to promote renewable energy accommodation is based on the national market.
Cannabis als Medizin: Sonderregelungen sicher anwenden
Authors: Cremer-Schaeffer Peter
Published: April 2021

Seit März 2017 können Cannabisblüten und -extrakte verschrieben werden, die nicht als Arzneimittel zugelassen sind. Sie werden vor allem zur Behandlung von Schmerzen eingesetzt. Bei Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen, die auf etablierte Therapieverfahren nicht mehr ansprechen, können cannabisbasierte Arzneimittel eine Option für einen Behandlungsversuch sein. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie die rechtlichen Regelungen zur Verschreibung solcher Arzneimittel sicher angewendet werden können.
Severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding is halted by endoscopically delivered self-propelling thrombin powder: A porcine pilot study
Authors: Ali-Mohamad Nabil , Cau Massimo , Baylis James , Zenova Veronika , Semple Hugh , Beckett Andrew , McFadden Andrew , Donnellan Fergal , Kastrup Christian
Published: April 2021

Background and study aims Hemostatic powders have emerged recently to treat upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Previously, we developed a novel self-propelling thrombin powder (SPTP) that effectively manages external pulsatile arterial bleed without compression, by effervescing and carrying thrombin into the wound. Here, we tested if SPTP, sprayed endoscopically, can manage severe UGIB in a live porcine model.

Materials and methods Anesthetized pigs underwent laparotomy to insert the gastroepiploic vascular bundles into the stomach lumen via a gastrotomy. Bleeding was initiated endoscopically in the stomach by needle knife. SPTP was delivered to the site of bleeding from a CO2-powered spray device using a 7 FR catheter. Successful primary hemostasis, time to hemostasis, and the mass of SPTP delivered were measured.

Results Hemostasis was achieved at all bleeding sites using SPTP. Mean time to hemostasis was 4.2 ± 0.9 minutes (mean ± standard error of the mean, n = 12). The average mass of SPTP delivered was 2.4 ± 0.6 g.

Conclusions In this pilot study, SPTP successfully stopped 12 cases of severe UGIB, demonstrating early promise asa novel hemostatic powder.
Training methods in optical diagnosis and characterization of colorectal polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Siau Keith , Cannatelli Rosanna , Antonelli Giulio , Smith Samuel C.L. , Shivaji Uday N. , Ghosh Subrata , Saltzman John R. , Hassan Cesare , Iacucci Marietta
Published: April 2021

Background and study aims Correct optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps is crucial to implement a resect and discard strategy. Training methods have been proposed to reach recommended optical diagnosis thresholds. The aim of our study was to present a systematic review and meta-analysis on optical diagnosis training.

Methods PubMed/Medline and Cochrane databases were searched between 1980 and October 2019 for studies reporting outcomes on optical diagnosis training of colorectal polyps. The primary outcome was optical diagnosis accuracy compared to histological analysis pre-training and post-training intervention. Subgroup analyses of experienced/trainee endoscopists, training methods, and small/diminutive polyps were included.

Results Overall, 16 studies met inclusion criteria, analyzing the impact of training on 179 endoscopists. Pre-training accuracy was 70.3 % (6416/9131 correct diagnoses) whereas post-training accuracy was 81.6 % (7416/9213 correct diagnoses) (risk ratio [RR] 1.17; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–1.24, P < 0.001). In experienced endoscopists, accuracy improved from 69.8 % (3771/5403 correct diagnoses) to 82.4 % (4521/5485 correct diagnoses) (RR 1.20; 95 % CI: 1.11–1.29, P < 0.001). Among trainees, accuracy improved from 69.6 % (2645/3803 correct diagnoses) to 78.8 % (2995/3803 correct diagnoses) (RR 1.14; 95 % CI 1.06–1.24, P < 0.001). In the small/diminutive polyp subgroup, accuracy improved from 68.1 % (3549/5214 correct diagnoses) to 77.1 % (4022/5214 correct diagnoses) in (RR 1.16 95 % CI 1.08–1.24 P < 0.001). On meta-regression analysis, the improvement in accuracy did not differ between computerized vs. didactic training approaches for experienced (P = 0.792) and trainee endoscopists (P = 0.312).

Conclusions Optical diagnosis training is effective in improving accuracy of histology prediction in colorectal polyps. Didactic and computer-based training show comparable effectiveness in improving diagnostic accuracy.
Real-time deep learning-based colorectal polyp localization on clinical video footage achievable with a wide array of hardware configurations
Authors: Podlasek Jeremi , Heesch Mateusz , Podlasek Robert , Kilisiński Wojciech , Filip Rafał
Published: April 2021

Background and study aims Several computer-assisted polyp detection systems have been proposed, but they have various limitations, from utilizing outdated neural network architectures to a requirement for multi-graphics processing unit (GPU) processing, to validating on small or non-robust datasets. To address these problems, we developed a system based on a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network architecture able to detect polyps in real time on a single GPU and tested on both public datasets and full clinical examination recordings.

Methods The study comprised 165 colonoscopy procedure recordings and 2678 still photos gathered retrospectively. The system was trained on 81,962 polyp frames in total and then tested on footage from 42 colonoscopies and CVC-ClinicDB, CVC-ColonDB, Hyper-Kvasir, and ETIS-Larib public datasets. Clinical videos were evaluated for polyp detection and false-positive rates whereas the public datasets were assessed for F1 score. The system was tested for runtime performance on a wide array of hardware.

Results The performance on public datasets varied from an F1 score of 0.727 to 0.942. On full examination videos, it detected 94 % of the polyps found by the endoscopist with a 3 % false-positive rate and identified additional polyps that were missed during initial video assessment. The system’s runtime fits within the real-time constraints on all but one of the hardware configurations.

Conclusions We have created a polyp detection system with a post-processing pipeline that works in real time on a wide array of hardware. The system does not require extensive computational power, which could help broaden the adaptation of new commercially available systems.
Heilkreidetherapie: Nachhaltigkeit und Verträglichkeit bei chronischem Rückenschmerz
Authors: Wiebelitz Karl Rüdiger , Schneider Jörg , Beer André-Michael
Published: April 2021

Hintergrund Rückenschmerzen stellen ein wesentliches Problem der Volksgesundheit dar. Obwohl Rügener Heilkreide seit Jahrzehnten zur Behandlung eingesetzt wird, gibt es bisher kaum klinische Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit und insbesondere keine zu ihrer Dauer, also zur Nachhaltigkeit.

Material und Methoden Eine nicht-interventionelle prospektive Anwendungsbeobachtung mit 3-monatigem Follow-up untersucht mithilfe etablierter (HFAQ, VAS, Oswestry Score) und freier Fragebögen die Wirksamkeit der Heilkreidebehandlung bei Patienten mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen.

Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse der sekundären Zielkriterien aus dem freien Fragebogen bei Abschluss der Behandlung, nämlich den VAS, der Patienteneinschätzung, dass sich die Heilkreidebehandlung gelohnt habe und der Zufriedenheit der Patienten mit der Behandlung, bestätigen die aus vorangehenden Studien bekannten akuten Verbesserungen der Symptomatik. Darüber hinaus kann erstmals gezeigt werden, dass die Behandlungserfolge (gemessen mit den VAS zum Rückenschmerz, sonstigen Schmerzen und Muskelverspannungen, dem Oswestry Score und der semiquantitativen Einschätzung der Rückenschmerzen sowie der fortbestehenden Patienteneinschätzung, dass sich die Heilkreidebehandlung gelohnt habe und der fortbestehenden Zufriedenheit der Patienten mit der Behandlung) auch nach 3 Monaten noch praktisch unvermindert anhalten, also die Heilkreidebehandlung nachhaltig ist. Relevante Nebenwirkungen wurden nicht beobachtet. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Heilkreidebehandlung stellt eine wirksame und günstige Ergänzung der Behandlung chronischer Rückenschmerzen ohne erkennbare Nebenwirkungsrisiken dar.
Großzellig-anaplastisches T-Zell-Lymphom und Mycosis fungoides unter der Therapie mit Dupilumab
Authors: Troyanova-Slavkova S.
Published: April 2021

Dupilumab ist das erste zielgerichtete Biologikum, das bei mittelschwerer bis schwerer atopischer Dermatitis angewendet werden kann. Der monoklonale Antikörper hemmt die Interleukin-4- und Interleukin-13-Signalübertragung 1. Dupilumab belegt für die Behandlung von atopischen und allergischen Erkrankungen ein gutes Verträglichkeitsprofil. Gleichwohl sollten Ärzte seine Neuheit und das Potenzial für unerwartete und unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen berücksichtigen. Wir stellen einen Patienten vor, der nach Einleitung von Dupilumab ein großzellig-anaplastisches T-Zell-Lymphom mit Befall des supraklavikulären Lymphknotens und eine Mycosis fungoides entwickelte.