bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its application on Human Health
Authors: Jawaid Syed Adnan
Published: March 2023

Background: Artificial intelligence can help improve the quality of healthcare by analyzing vast amounts of data and providing more effective and personalized treatment plans. Researchers are working on developing AI-powered solutions that can help improve the outcomes of patients. Objective: To explore the potential of AI in improving healthcare outcomes and patient experience. Results: The study suggests that AI can improve healthcare efficiency and patient outcomes but cannot fully replace human healthcare professionals. AI can assist healthcare professionals in their work, leading to better resource utilization and improved patient care. However, there is still a need for human healthcare professionals to oversee AI systems and provide empathy and personalized care to patients. Conclusion: While there is immense potential for AI in healthcare, it is not yet feasible to replace human healthcare workers. Instead, it should be viewed as a tool that can help improve the efficiency and effectiveness of human healthcare.
The Effects of Short-Term Caloric Restriction on Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight/Obese Men and Women
Authors: DeBlauw Justin A. , Churchill Anna , Yunda Brigitte , Kotarsky Christopher J. , Caldwell Abigail , Ives Stephen J.
Published: March 2023

Overweight and Obesity (Ow/Ob) is a risk factor for developing cardiometabolic disease, and metabolic dysfunction. Dietary interventions, such as caloric restriction (CR), have been explored but little is known about the acute effects of CR and often such diets are not standardized. PURPOSE: To assess the impact of a standardized 3-day CR diet (~590kcal/d) on cardiometabolic health and fat metabolism in Ow/Ob individuals. METHODS: Fifteen Ow/Ob men and women were assessed pre-post 3-day CR using standardized diet; specifically, body weight/composition (% body fat, visceral fat score (Vfs), waist-hip circumferences, blood pressure and vascular stiffness, resting energy expenditure (REE), substrate utilization (respiratory quotient, RQ), and blood glucose/lipid profile. RESULTS: CR induced changes in body weight (93.1±15.2 to 90.67±14.4 kg, p<0.001, d=1.9), body mass index (32.9±4.0 to 32.0±3.7 kg/m2, p<0.001, d=1.4), body fat (37.2±7.5 to 35.8±7.5%, p=0.002, d=1.1) and Vfs (13.1±4.5 to 12.2±3.9 a.u., p=0.002, d=1.1), but not body water (46.3±3.6 to 46.0±3.6%, p=0.29, d=0.3). CR had no effect on peripheral (86±5 to 89±5 mmHg, p=0.23, d=0.3) or central mean arterial pressure (86±5 to 87±6 mmHg, p=0.44, d=0.2), but lowered augmentation index (29.8±17.5 to 21.5±14.5%, p=0.05, d=0.6). Blood glucose (86±7 to 84±11 mg/dl, p=0.33, d=0.3) and blood lipids (total cholesterol (196±49 to 203±54 mg/dl, p=0.16, d=0.4) and TC/HDL (4.9±2.4 to 6.1±4.7, p=0.13, d=0.4)) were unchanged. RQ decreased with CR (0.84±0.01 to 0.76±0.00, p<0.001, d=1.9), though REE was unchanged (1718±274 to 1722±317 kcal/d, p=0.83, d=0.1). CONCLUSION: The 3-day CR significantly improved body weight and composition and fat metabolism, with minimal cardiovascular effects.
Selective Paste Intrusion: Integration of Reinforcement by WAAM — Concept and Overview of the Current Research
Authors: Straßer Alexander , Riegger Felix , Hamilton Leigh Duncan , Kränkel Thomas , Gehlen Christoph , Zaeh Michael F. , Kwade Arno
Published: March 2023

Selective Paste Intrusion (SPI) is an additive manufacturing (AM) process in which thin layers of aggregates are selectively bonded by cement paste only where the structure is to be produced. In this way, concrete elements with complex geometries and structures can be created. Reinforcement is required to increase the flexural strength of the concrete elements and, thus, enable their applicability in practice. Integrating the reinforcement is a difficult task, particularly in the case of SPI due to the layer-wise printing method. Especially with respect to possible complex structures, the production of the reinforcement needs to be adapted to SPI, thereby offering a high degree of freedom. One concept for a reinforcement integration is combining the two additive manufacturing processes SPI and Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). However, since the two processes serve different fields of application, their compatibility is not necessarily given. Ongoing investigations show that the temperatures caused by WAAM adversely affect both, the cement paste rheology required for sufficient paste penetration into the particle bed and the overall concrete strength. This paper provides an overview of ongoing research focusing on different cooling strategies and their effects on the compressive strength of SPI-printed concrete parts.
Deciphering the West Eurasian Genetic Footprints in Ancient South India
Authors: Ahlawat Bhavna , Kumar Lomous , Cherian P J , Sehrawat Jagmahender S , Rai Niraj , Thangaraj Kumarasamy
Published: March 2023

Multi-disciplinary archaeological investigations have been conducted since 2006 at the Pattanam coastal village of Ernakulam District in Kerala. The archaeological investigations have confirmed that Pattanam is an integral part of the legendary port of Muziris aka Muciri Pattinam, which played an important role in the transoceanic exchanges between 100 BCE and 300 CE. So far the material evidence with direct provenance to the maritime exchange related to ancient migrations like Romans, Jews, traders of the Middle East and Catholics have been identified at Pattanam. However, the genetic evidence supporting the impact of multiple cultures or their admixing is still missing for this important archaeological site of South India. Hence, in the current study, we made the first attempt to infer the genetic composition of the skeletal remains excavated from the site in a broader context of South Asian and worldwide maternal affinity. We applied the MassArray-based genotyping approach of mitochondrial makers and observed that ancient samples of Pattanam represent a mixed ancestry pattern as both the West Eurasian ancestry and the South Asian ancestry can be seen in the final analysis. A high occurrence of West Eurasian (T, JT and HV) haplogroups and South Asian-specific mitochondrial haplogroups (M2a, M3a, R5 and M6) was found. The findings are consistent with the previously published archaeological findings, in which a mixture of multiple cultural and linguistic groups migrated, settled, and eventually died on the Southwestern coast of India.
Characterisation of Some Rhizobium EPS and Their Biopreservative Potentials on Shelf Life Extension of Musa Species
Authors: Akpeji Stephanie Clara , AdebayoTayo Bukola Christianah , Ossai Chukwunalu Okolie
Published: March 2023

Exopolysaccharides-EPS are long-chain biopolymer with branched, recurring unit of sugars and non-carbohydrate constituents connected to exterior of cells. Rhizobial, a legume nodulating organism is capable of producing EPS. This study investigated the characteristics’ of some Rhizobium EPS and their effects in shelf life extension of some Musa spp. Rhizobial-EPS was produced using yeast extract mineral medium purified by standard methods. The EPS was characterized to determine functional group, thermal stability, chemical compounds and the monosaccharide component using Fourier Transform Infra-red, Spectroscopy, thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and HPLC and their bio-preservative property on post-harvest quality of plantain and different banana was done. The Rhizobial-EPS functional groups were hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, methyl and ethers associated with polysaccharides. Pentadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, oleic acid and heptacosanoic acid, and varied concentration of monosaccharides were detected in the exopolysaccharides. The TGA of the EPS shows a constant loss in weight with two quasi-sharp alterations and almost steady plateau. The EPS coated samples had the lowest weight loss across the samples and as such edible coating was effective in delaying weight loss. The weight loss of Musa paradisiaca (plantain) coated with (EPSA obtained from USDA 110), (EPSB USDA 532C) and (EPSC S2) at the first day were 314 and 314.5g. The initial weight loss of coated and uncoated Musa sp. (Apple Banana), Musa acuminata (Lady Finger), and Musa balbisiana (Cooking Banana), ranged from 72 – 72.7g, 96 – 97g and 95 – 98g respectively. The total sugar of EPS Coated Musa sp. ranges from 0.381 – 0.528mg/L, 0.392 – 0.576 mg/L and 0.41 – 0.598 mg/L at days 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The highest Titratable acidity and pH was observed in EPS coated sample. The results obtained from this study proves that EPS solution is a valuable product for fruit preservation and viable for commercial applications.
Payroll Information System for SMP PGRI 16 Sidoarjo
Authors: Pasa Dimas Sya’aldi , Eviyanti Ade , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: March 2023

A salary is a form of result in the form of money or goods given to individuals or groups. The payroll calculation system process that is currently running is still using the Microsoft Excel application. But now everything has developed rapidly, and with the existence of information technology, everything can be done more efficiently. Information technology has now grown very far and has begun to be widely applied by anyone and in any case, including the payroll system. The application of information technology to payroll can increase the effectiveness of the treasurer's performance in a school. SMP PGRI 16 Sidoarjo is one of the agencies that has not implemented information technology in the payroll sector, it became the basis for the formation of this information system.
Lateral and temporal variations of a multi-phase coarse-grained submarine slope channel system, Upper Cretaceous Cerro Toro Formation, southern Chile
Authors: Bozetti Guilherme , Kneller Benjamin , Cronin Bryan T. , Li Pan , McArthur Adam , Xu Jingping
Published: March 2023

Understanding variations in the sedimentary processes and resulting stratigraphic architecture in submarine channel systems is essential for characterizing sediment bypass and sedimentary facies distribution on submarine slopes. In the Santonian to Campanian Cerro Toro Formation, southern Chile, a coarse-grained slope system, informally known as the Lago Sofia Member, developed in a structurally controlled environment, with complex and poorly established relationships with the surrounding mud-rich heterolithic deposits.

A detailed architectural analysis of the most continuous and best-exposed channel system in the Lago Sofia Member, the Paine C channel system, provides insights on lateral facies transitions from channel axis to margin, stacked in a multi-phase sequence of events marked by abrupt changes in facies, facies associations, and architecture.

The Paine C channel system is incised into siltstones and claystones interbedded with thin-bedded very fine sandstones, interpreted to be either channel-related overbank or unrelated background deposits. The coarse-grained deposits are divided into a lower conglomeratic unit and an upper sand-rich unit. The lower conglomeratic unit can be further subdivided into three phases: 1) highly depositional and/or aggradational, dominated by thick and laterally continuous beds of clast- to matrix-supported conglomerate, herein named transitional event deposits; 2) an intermediate phase, including deposits similar to those dominant in phase 1 but also containing abundant clast-supported conglomerates and lenticular sandstones; and 3) a bypass-dominated phase, which records an architectural change into a highly amalgamated ca. 45-m-thick package composed purely of lenticular clast-supported conglomerates with local lenticular sandstones. Between the conglomeratic phases, a meter-scale package composed of interbedded thin- to medium-bedded sandstone and mudstone deposits is interpreted to drape the entire channel, indicating periods of weaker gravity flows running down the channel, with no evidence of bedload transport.

The upper sand-rich unit is divided into lower amalgamated and upper non-amalgamated phases, and represents a rapid architectural change interpreted to record an overall waning of the system. The sandstone unit laps out onto a mass-transport complex which is interpreted to have been triggered initially at the same time as major architectural change from conglomerates to sandstones.

While mindful of the fact that each system is a complete analogue only for itself, we propose a new depositional model for coarse-grained submarine channel systems, in which particular characteristics can provide significant insights into architectural heterogeneity and facies transitions in channelized systems, allowing substantial improvement in subsurface facies prediction for fluid reservoirs.
Protocolos quirúrgicos en implantes inmediatos
Authors:   , Echevarría Sanchez Joffre Gustavo
Published: March 2023

En la actualidad debido a los diagnósticos de fracturas radiculares o remanentes radiculares surgen otras opciones de tratamiento, como son el tratamiento con implantes inmediatos. La colocación inmediata pos extracción es una opción como alternativa de tratamiento y de esta manera disminuir los tiempos de tratamiento; este tratamiento se realiza post extracción en el cual se coloca un implante dental en el alveolo dentario, en muchas ocasiones acompañado con un procedimiento de regeneración ósea guiada y membrana de colágeno, teniendo diversos tipos de protocolo para distintos tiempos de post extracción. La ventaja de este tipo de tratamiento es de prevenir la reabsorción post extracción del lecho alveolar siempre y cuando se realice la extracción a traumática de la pieza dental. En este tipo de tratamiento para asegurar el éxito se debe conseguir una buena estabilidad primaria del implante y seguir los protocolos descritos.
Surfactant Selection for Foam Generation: Implications for CO2 Geo-Sequestration
Authors: Kirtivardhan K. , Kakati Abhijit
Published: March 2023

The storage of CO2 foam in saline aquifers is an effective way of CO2 geo-sequestration. However, one of the primary concerns during storage of CO2 in underground geological reservoirs is the rapid upward migration of CO2 plume which eventually challenges the containment security. Injection of foam has been proposed as an effective solution to this problem from decades. Foams have low mobility and prevent the formation of high mobility channels. Surfactant is a crucial component in generating stable aqueous foam. The selection of surfactants as foaming agents is very important for the performance of the foam. The stability of a surfactant generated foam depends on the surfactant type, its concentration, salinity, pressure and temperature. In this study, stability of foam generated with two surfactants sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (anionic) and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (cationic) are investigated at different surfactant concentrations. The effect of salinity and temperature were also investigated. The form was generated by purging air into a brine solution containing the surfactant. The foamability and the stability of the produced foam is first observed under room temperature and are then observed under elevated temperatures. The elevated temperature foam stability is observed by keeping the produced foam in an oven. The foamability was observed to increase with surfactant concentration. The salt inhibits generation of foam and the effect is prominent for CTAB than SDBS. The CTAB assisted foam has a higher stability than SDBS. However, at high temperature the foam stability was found to reduce significantly for both SDBS and CTAB; with CTAB foam has slightly higher stability than SDBS.
Adaptive Complex Systems Applied in Electrical Submersible Pumps Control
Authors: Castañeda J G. E. , Ferreira J. V.
Published: March 2023

The oil and gas industry uses very expensive electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) to lift oil to the surface. It is common for the ESP to operate with a biphasic gas-liquid flow. However, large amounts of gas inside the pump generate instabilities, such as surges and gas locks. If operated for a long time under such instabilities, the performance of the ESP can decrease significantly, causing premature deterioration, which can lead to heavy losses and even a complete stoppage of production. To reduce the occurrence of this unstable operation, the research presented here proposes an adaptive controller based on the monitoring of the biphase condition. A nonlinear ESP model represents the pump behavior for a variable percentage of the two-phase flow, used by the controller learning complex adaptive technique, which is based on a genetic algorithm to generate a set of rules to keep the ESP in safe operating conditions. At the beginning of the training, the adaptive complex system generated erratic behavior; however, over time, it came to represent more precise rules, bringing performance to stable conditions. Furthermore, if the ESP eventually reaches a harmful condition, the adaptive controller takes action to return it to a safe condition. The result of the simulated tests shows that the complex adaptive controller can acquire enough knowledge after training to keep an ESP working in stable conditions, increasing the life of the production equipment and avoiding sudden stops during oil lifting.
Sickness Absence In Pertamina E.P. Directorate
Authors: Harjono Dr. , Arief Nan
Published: March 2023

Pertamina is the only one state oil enterprise in the country has a strategic position in the national development, mainly in terms of foreign exchange and domestic energy supply.

Hence human factor in the company productivity is very important. Workday loss by sickness in the last 4 years was 2.00 %o up to 3.00 %o and 0.88 days up to 1.12 days loss per worker annually Workday loss by sickness was 96.86 %up to 98.12 %> of total workday loss and the rest by work injuries.

These relative low sickness absence figures achieved by multidisciplinary efforts in the company mainly by health department. All sickness absence certificate even for one day off should be signed by company medical doctor. Health department conduct comprehensive health care including occupational health programme. Health & safety issues solved by multidisiplinary approach. Beside health department also organize employee assistance programme (counseling) mainly for healthy life style and psychosocial problems.

The low workday loss is one of the basic important factors to support discipline and human productivity mainly since mostly oil reserve discoveries located in the remote areas inland as well as offshore.
A Joint Task Offloading Method Based Edge-fog Computing in IoV
Authors: Wu Zhiyong , Sun Yilong , Meng Ke , Shi Dayin , Hu Benjia , Hu Xiuwei
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, with the gradual development of intelligent transportation and the widespread popularity of private cars, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology is gradually coming to maturity. However, the development of smart cars has been accompanied by a concomitant increase in the amount of media as well as video games in the vehicle, and an explosion in the demand for computational resources. Since smart cars have limited computing resources of their own, they cannot store a large number of pending tasks in their own queues, so they cannot compute the large number of requests generated by the vehicles themselves. The lack of computing resources can be better solved with the help of edge servers, and the distribution of edge servers close to the user side of the road can also effectively achieve real-time for resource requests, but the high energy consumption generated during processing is also a challenge we must face. To address this challenge, a joint task offloading approach based on mobile edge computing and fog computing (EFTO) proposed in this paper. Technically, the location of the processing task is first obtained by getting the route of the computing task, thus finding the complete routing information of the task from the initial location to the target location. Then, a genetic algorithm is used to implement a multi-objective optimization problem to reduce the time and energy consumption during offloading and processing. Finally, the effectiveness of EFTO is demonstrated through comparative experiments, which shows a reduction in time consumption and an optimization of energy consumption compared to other offloading methods.
‘The psychosocial impact of childhood dementia on children and their parents: A systematic review’
Authors: Nevin Suzanne M. , McGill Brittany C. , Kelada Lauren , Hilton Gail , Donnell Megan , Elvidge Kristina L. , Farrar Michelle A. , Baynam Gareth , Katz Naomi T. , Donovan Leigh , Grattan Sarah , Signorelli Christina , Bhattacharya Kaustuv , Nunn Kenneth , Wakefield Claire E.
Published: March 2023

Background: Childhood dementias are a group of over 70 rare and ultra-rare paediatric conditions clinically characterised by enduring global decline in central nervous system function, associated with a progressive loss of developmentally acquired skills, quality of life and shortened life expectancy. Traditional research, service development and advocacy efforts have been fragmented due to a focus on individual disorders, or groups classified by specific mechanisms or molecular pathogenesis. There are significant knowledge and clinician skill gaps regarding the shared psychosocial impacts of childhood dementia conditions. This systematic review integrates the existing international evidence of the collective psychosocial experiences of parents of children living with dementia.
Methods: We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We systematically searched four databases to identify original, peer-reviewed research reporting on the psychosocial impacts of childhood dementia, from the parent perspective. We synthesised the data into three thematic categories: parents’ healthcare experiences, psychosocial impacts, and information and support needs.
Results: Nineteen articles met review criteria, representing 1856 parents. Parents highlighted extensive difficulties connecting with an engaged clinical team and navigating their child’s rare, life-limiting, and progressive condition. Psychosocial challenges were manifold and encompassed economic, social, and psychological implications. Access to coordinated healthcare and community-based psychosocial supports was associated with improved parent coping, psychological resilience and reduced psychological isolation. Analysis identified a critical need to prioritize access to integrated family-centred psychosocial supports throughout distinct stages of their child’s condition trajectory.
Conclusion: This review will encourage and guide the development of evidence-based and integrated psychosocial resourcesto optimise quality-of-life outcomes for of children with dementia and their families.
Soil Loss and Sedimentation Rates in a Sub-Catchment of the Yellow River Basin in China
Authors: Scheper Simon , Liu Chunyue , Xin Zhongbao , Ran Lishan , Alewell Christine
Published: March 2023

Soil loss by water erosion is one of the main threats to soil health and food production in intensively used agricultural areas. To assess its significance to the overall sediment production we applied the Water and Tillage Erosion Model/Sediment Delivery model (WaTEM/SEDEM) to the Luoyugou catchment, a sub-catchment of the Yellow River basin within the Chinese Loess plateau. WaTEM/SEDEM considers rill and inter-rill erosion and deposition rates, resulting in sediment yield rates leaving the catchment. Although terraces were established in the 1990s to reduce soil loss, no further soil erosion modeling has been published for this area. Applying 1000 Monte Carlo simulations of the WaTEM/SEDEM, modeled average soil loss by rill and inter-rill erosion for 2020 was 12.4 ± 11.8 t ha-1 yr-1, with sediment yield at the outlet of 52949 ± 11215 t yr-1. Terracing reduced erosion rates, while land cover changes, mainly conversion of forests and grassland partly counteracted the mitigation (combined effect: 50% reduction). Modeled sediment loads by rill and inter-rill erosion account for 17.1% of the total long-term sediment production recorded by flow discharge measurements. Other processes not considered by the model like landslides, gully erosion, riverbank erosion, and sediment production by construction seem to dominate overall sediment yield. Considering years with baseline sediment production only, measured and modeled sediment yield compared well, indicating that the latter processes contribute mainly during extreme events.
Phenomenological modeling of memristor fabricated through screen printing based on the structure of Ag/Polymer/Cu
Authors: Zafar Mubeen , Awais Naeem , Shehzad Muhammad Naeem , Maqsood Aneeqa , Razzak Aamir
Published: March 2023

The attributes of a memristor such as non-volatile, simple structure, no leakage current, and fast switching speed have unfolded enormous opportunities for various analog and digital applications. It is imperative to develop an accurate physical model of the memristor in order to design digital applications. The hitherto published memristor modeling approaches do not match with the practical memristor dynamics. A new model is developed by considering Schottky contact at the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) interfaces. In this research work, a novel memristor is also fabricated to validate the proposed model. A bead polymer based on methyl methacrylate and n-butyl methacrylate (MMBM) is firstly used to explore the resistive switching properties of the device. A cost-effective screen printing technique is first demonstrated to deposit the resistive switching layer for the fabrication of the memristor. The resistive switching behavior is observed in the sandwiched layer with a silver (Ag) as a top electrode and copper (Cu) as a bottom electrode. Surface morphology and electrical characterizations of the fabricated device are carried out by scanning electron microscope and 2 probe resistivity measurement. The results validate the formation of the Schottky barriers at the MIM interfaces of the fabricated device. The proposed model is compared with the device described in this paper having an error of 0.7609 (in terms of the relative root-meansquare error). Moreover, the NOR logic gate is simulated for the circuit simulation of the proposed model. This will pave a new path for the digital design applications based on the memristor.
Effective Strategies in Improving Internal Medicine In-Training Exam Performance - A Systematic Review
Authors: Clar Derek T. , Juneau Ryan , McNeal Valentina , Patel Dhara , Patel Prutha , Ilaiwy Amro
Published: March 2023

Background: IM-ITE is a self-evaluation instrument administered annually to provide residents and program leadership with a measure of the residents' knowledge compared with that of their peers nationwide. Many approaches have been used to improve the IM-ITE scores as a means of achieving a higher first-time board examination pass rate. While these interventions helped improve outcomes in target programs, it remains unclear whether one approach was superior to another and how different program demographics may have played a role in the outcome of the intervention.
Objective: To identify the most effective methods used to improve IM-ITE scores in the literature.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE database on 12/4/2022, using the keywords: “internal medicine” AND “in-training exam” AND “performance”.
Results: A total of 35 articles were examined. Five articles met the inclusion criteria. Three of which were conducted in community-based residency programs. Two were conducted in university-based residency programs. None of these residency programs were new (established in the last 10 years) and all studies were carried out in a single institution. Interventions identified include creating a new curriculum, implementing a multiple choice-testing program, identifying learning styles associated with better IM-ITE performance, and transitioning to an academic half day (AHD) didactics structure.
Conclusion: We identified a myriad of interventions that were successful at improving IM-ITE performance in their target cohorts to variable degrees. Interventions summarized in this review can be utilized by residency programs to improve IM-ITE performance among their residents and provide guidance to their faculty members in the process.
Forecasting Carbon Emissions in Chinese Coastal Cities Based on a Gated Recurrent Unit Model
Authors: HOU zhiwen , DI Qianbin , Chen Xiaolong
Published: March 2023

Scientific forecasting of carbon emission trends is an important basis for understanding carbon emission levels and is a key reference for achieving dual carbon goals. Carbon emission prediction models based on backpropagation neural networks and multiple linear regression methods have yielded relatively favourable results. Compared with traditional methods, deep learning offers plasticity and effectiveness, and has been verified by application in multiple fields. In this study, a carbon emission forecasting model was built based on the gated recurrent unit model to empirically evaluate data from 16 coastal cities in China from 1997 to 2019. Eight scenarios were established to forecast carbon emissions in Chinese coastal cities from 2020 to 2029, and to investigate the combined effects of the factors driving carbon emissions, including economy size, industrial structure, and public revenue. Our results predict increasing carbon emissions from 2020 to 2029, with substantially slower growth compared with the change in carbon emissions from 1997 to 2019. Furthermore, the eight scenarios show that changes in driving factors, including public revenue, industrial structure, and size of the economy, strongly impact on carbon emissions. The size of the economy has the most significant effect on carbon reduction. Therefore, the marine economic growth model needs to be redesigned and further developed with a view towards carbon emission reduction and low-carbon development.
Family Physicians’ experiences with an innovative, community-based, hybrid model of in-person and virtual care: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Fitzsimon Jonathan , Patel Kush , Peixoto Cayden , Belanger Christopher
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Rural, remote, and underserved communities have often struggled to provide adequate access to family physicians. To bridge this gap in Renfrew County, a large, rural region in Ontario, Canada, a community-based, hybrid care model was implemented, combining virtual care from family physicians and in-person care from community paramedics. Studies have demonstrated the clinical and cost-effectiveness of this model but its acceptability to providers has not been examined. This study investigates the experiences of participating family physicians.
Methods: A mixed-methods study, combining physician questionnaire response data and qualitative thematic analysis of focus group interview data.
Results: Data was collected from n=17 survey respondents and n=9 participants in two semi-structured focus groups (n=4 and n=5 respectively). Physicians reported high satisfaction, driven by skills development and patient gratitude, and felt empowered to reduce ED visits, care for unattached patients, and address simple medical needs. However, physicians found it difficult to provide continuous care and were sometimes unfamiliar with local healthcare resources.
Discussion: This study found that a hybrid model of in-person and virtual care from family physicians and community paramedics was associated with positive physician experiences in two main areas: clinical impacts, especially avoiding unnecessary ED visits, and physician satisfaction with the service. Potential improvements for this hybrid model were identified, and include better support for patients with complex needs, and more information about local health-system services. Our findings should be of interest to policymakers and administrators seeking to improve access to care through a hybrid model of in-person and virtual care.
Spectrum of diabetes mellitus in patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Navasardyan Lusine V. , Furlan Ingrid , Brandt Stephanie , Schulz Ansgar , Wabitsch Martin , Denzer Christian
Published: March 2023

Background.
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare congenital disorder caused by mutations in the SBDS gene and characterized by exocrine pancreatic deficiency, hematologic dysfunction, and skeletal growth failure. Although the hematologic features and characteristics of the somatic disorders commonly associated with SDS are well known, emerging data from case reports and patient registries suggest that SDS may also be associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus. However, currently available data on SDS-associated diabetes are limited and do not allow conclusions regarding prevalence and incidence rates, clinical course, and outcomes.
Case presentation
Here we report the case of a 5-year-old girl with SDS who underwent bone marrow transplantation at the age of 3 months and developed autoantibody-positive type 1 diabetes mellitus at the age of 1.8 years. The manifestation and course of diabetes development were mild, complicated by concurrent spontaneous episodes of hypoglycemia even before the onset of antidiabetic treatment. Currently, adequate metabolic control can be achieved by dietary intervention.
Conclusions
Considering that the SBDS protein regulates mitosis and ribosomal biosynthesis and that its suppression may cause immunologic instability and chronic inflammation, this case provides insight into the phenotype of rare Shwachman-Diamond syndrome-associated diabetes mellitus, which may be characterized by significant age-dependent differences in clinical course.
Transcervical artificial insemination in the brown brocket deer (Subulo gouazoubira): A promising method for assisted reproduction in deer
Authors: duarte gabriella , Galindo David Javier , Baldini Maria Helena Mazzoni , Fonseca Jeferson Ferreira , Duarte José Mauricio Barbanti , Oliveira Maria Emilia Franco
Published: March 2023

The present study aimed to test the efficiency of transcervical artificial insemination techniques with cervical immobilization (TCAI-CI) or cervical traction (TCAI-CT), associated or not with the use of oxytocin (OT) as a protocol for cervical dilation, in the brown brocket deer (Subulo gouazoubira). The study was carried out in a crossover design using four adult females in two replicates with an interval of 60 days. Estrus was synchronized with oral melengestrol acetate (MGA) associated with estradiol benzoate and sodium cloprostenol. TCAI techniques were performed from 18 to 24 hours after estrus onset. All females received either an i.v. Apply 50 IU OT (G-OT, n = 4) or 1 mL saline solution (G-Control, n = 4) 20 minutes before the TCAI procedure. The TCAIs were performed using frozen-thawed semen from the same batch. Behavioral estrus was observed in 100% of females, within the two replicates, with a mean time of onset of 44.0 ± 22.0 h after cloprostenol application. The average length of the vagina was 13.0 ± 1.2 cm. It achieved a 50% (4/8) success of cervical transposition with semen deposition in the uterine. Regarding inseminations, most of them (87.5%) were performed using the TCAI-CT technique, and the overall conception rate was 50%. Cervical transposition times (< 1 minute) and TCAI procedures (~ 17 minutes) could be considered satisfactory. Thus, the TCAI-CI and TCAI-CT techniques performance was successful when applied in S. gouazoubira females, regardless of the use of OT as a cervical dilation protocol. This procedure is proposed as a method of choice for artificial insemination with greater applicability in different conservation centers, compared to more advanced reproductive biotechniques, and with a favorable impact on the conservation of deer species.
TGF-β inhibitor treatment of H₂O₂-induced cystitis models provide molecular mechanism for elucidating interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome patients.
Authors: Taga Hideto , Kishida Tsunao , Inoue Yuta , Yamamoto Kenta , Kotani Shin-ichiro , Tsujimoto Masashi , Ukimura Osamu , Mazda Osam
Published: March 2023

Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic disease for which no effective treatment is available. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of IC/PBS, and previous studies have suggested that administrations of a TGF-β inhibitor significantly ameliorated IC/PBS in a mouse model. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of a TGF-b inhibitor on IC/PBS has not been comprehensively analyzed. TGF-β has a variety of actions, such as regulation of immune cells and fibrosis. In our study, we induced IC/PBS-like disease in mice by an intravesical administration of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and examined the effects of three TGF-β inhibitors, Repsox, SB431542, and SB505124, on the urinary functions as well as histological and gene expression profiles in the bladder. TGF-β inhibitor treatment improved urinary function and histological changes in the IC/PBS mouse model, and SB431542 was most effective among the TGF-β inhibitors. In our present study, TGF-β inhibitor treatment improved abnormal enhancement of nociceptive mechanisms, immunity and inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction of bladder urothelium. These results show that multiple mechanisms are involved in the improvement of urinary function by TGF-β inhibitor.
Using nafamostat mesilate anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy in high bleeding risk patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yi , Chen Xianggping , Lao Yuewen , Li Qiujing , Wang Ping , Chen Li , Zhuang Yiyu , Gong Xiaoyan
Published: March 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nafamostat mesilate (NM) for continuous renal replacement therapy in high bleeding risk patients.
Methods: We performed a comprehensive search on PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and CNIK from inception to May 1, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened, selected, and extracted data.A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. The systematic review protocol was registered.
Results: 7 studies with 639 high bleeding risk patients were included for review including 4RCTs and 3 retrospective cohort studies. The anticoagulant in the control group of all included studies was anticoagulation-free. Compared with the baseline data, the activated partial thromboplastin time of the NM group was shortened at the end of observation (MD -12.16, 95% CI -23.70 to -0.62, p= 0.04). NM for CRRTsignificantly extended filter life (MD 9.65, 95% CI 5.60 to 13.71, p< 0.00001)and reduced mortality compared with anticoagulation-free treatment (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.90, p= 0.002). No significant difference was observed in the incidence of bleeding complications (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.59 to 2.26, p= 0.67) and total duration of CRRT (MD 12.65, 95% CI -6.79 to 32.09, p= 0.20) between the groups. Subgroup analysis showed the same results except for the mortality outcome.
Conclusions: For patients at high bleeding risk undergoing CRRT, NM is a better anticoagulation option. More multicenter RCTs with large samples are required to validate and compare the effects of NM anticoagulants.
NLG1, a novel mitochondrial membrane protein, control leaf and grain development in rice
Authors: Wen Yi , Wu Kaixiong , Chai Bingze , Hu Peng , Tan Yiqing , Wang Yueying , Wu Hao , Wang Junge , Zhu Li , Zhang Guangheng , Gao Zhenyu , Ren Deyong , Zeng Dali , Shen Lan , Dong Guojun , Zhang Qiang , Li Qing , Qian Qian , Hu Jiang
Published: March 2023

Background Mitochondrion is the key respiratory organ and participates in various anabolic and catabolic metabolic pathways in eukaryote. However, the underlying mechanism of how mitochondrial membrane proteins regulate leaf and grain development remains to be further elucidated.
Results Here, a mitochondria-defective mutant narrow leaf and slender grain 1 (nlg1) was identified from an EMS-treated mutant population, which exhibits narrow leaves and slender grains. Map-based cloning and transgenic functional confirmation revealed that NLG1encodes a mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase containing a subunit Tim21 domain. NLG1 was identified as a mitochondria-localized translocase protein, which is mainly transcribed in leaves and panicles. Further analysis showed that the expression level of respiratory function and auxin response related genes were significantly down-regulated, resulting in ATP production and auxin content declined remarkably in nlg1. Moreover, nlg1 also exhibited abnormal mitochondria structure and was sensitive to the inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport chain.
Conclusions These results suggested that NLG1 plays an important role in the regulation of leaf and grain size development by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Our finding provides a novel insight for exploring the relationship between mitochondria development and plant growth in rice.
Developing Behavioural Activation for people with acquired brain injury: A qualitative interpretive description study of barriers and facilitators to activity engagement
Authors: Kusec Andrea , Methley Abigail , Murphy Fionnuala C. , Peers Polly V. , Carmona Estela , Manly Tom
Published: March 2023

Background: Acquired brain injuries (ABI) from stroke, head injury, or resected brain tumours are associated with poor emotional wellbeing and heightened risk of mood disorder. Common sequalae of ABI, such as poor attention and memory, can create barriers to the efficacy of cognitively demanding mood interventions, such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Behavioural Activation (BA), where individuals plan and engage in reinforcing activities, is a promising alternative due to lower cognitive demands. However, BA was initially developed in clinical populations without ABI where the primary barriers to activity engagement were low mood and anxious avoidance. Additionally, BA can incorporate a range of techniques (e.g., mood monitoring, activity scheduling, targeting avoidance, contingency management) and psychoeducational topics (e.g., mindfulness, managing uncertainty; social/communication skills). Exploring barriers and facilitators to adopting specific BA components in ABI is an important aim.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposively selected ABI survivors (N = 16) with both low and high depressive symptoms, and family members (N = 7). Questions focused on routine and enjoyable activities, and feedback on 10 different BA techniques and associated psychoeducational topics. Transcripts were analysed using an interpretive description framework. Analysis was informed by field notes, reflexivity diaries, and peer debriefing.
Results: The final constructed framework, Creating Sustainable Engagement, comprises a two-tier hierarchy. Higher-level themes concerned core perspectives of BA, regardless of BA component discussed. This included identifying optimal time windows for different BA components (Right Tool at the Right Time), that BA components should, at least initially, not be burdensome or fatiguing (Perceived Effort), that emotional readiness to confront activity-mood relationships should be addressed (Emotional Impact), and that planned BA activities are consistent with individual values (Relation to Values). Lower-level themes concerned specific BA components: Of these, activity scheduling, procedures targeting avoidance, managing uncertainty and social/communication skills were generally well-received, while mood monitoring, contingency management, and mindfulness had mixed feedback.
Conclusions: BA is a widely scalable intervention that can be adapted for ABI. This study provides a novel framework on implementing a range of BA components in ABI and adds to the limited evidence on which components may be particularly suitable.
Straw Mulching and Plant Spacing Enhance Yield and Some Quality Traits of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Varieties
Authors: Ezaddin Neven Azad , Salih Rabar Fatah
Published: March 2023

Background Intensive research globally requested on climate change and increase the risk of drought. Organic mulch applications may be right way of agricultural management strategy for right now. This experiment conducted by using wheat straw mulch (M0 as control and M1= 4.2 t. ha-1), two plant spacing of (S1= 25cm and S2= 35cm) with three varieties Lachata, Coker 310 and Stoneville 213, that symbolled by (V1, V2 and V3), which were for determining its impact on yield, yield components and some quality parameters in two locations of Erbil Governorate.
Results Thereby, the results showed that maximum number of bolls. plant-1, lint index and ginning out turn were by Lachata variety. As well as, maximum number of seeds. boll-1 and earliness index were (27.06 and 82.36 %) by Coker 310. Mulching increased number of bolls. plant-1, boll weight, number of seeds. boll-1, and seed cotton yield as compared to no mulch treatment at both locations. There more, the interaction of factors in which V1S1M1 and V2S2M0 recorded the highest and lowest number of bolls. plant-1 which were (37.3 and 17.1), and seed cotton yield were (5900.0 and 2222.2 kg. ha-1), respectively at Grdarasha location. However, in fiber quality parameters such as longer staple length and single fiber length noted in mulched plots as compared to no mulch.
Conclusion Therefore, the use of wheat straw mulch has an impact on cotton yield and quality.
Using 320-Slice Computed Tomography to Preoperatively Investigate
Authors: Huu Trung Vu , Lam Khanh , Van Doan Le , Huu Dung Vu , Pham Tuan Anh , Tung Lam Nguyen
Published: March 2023

Purpose
To investigate the leg perforator arterial system, identify the perforator flap’s pedicle artery and its projected cutaneous point using a 320-slice computed tomography (CT 320) scanner.
Methods
A total of 24 patients with leg soft-tissue defects unilaterally underwent 320-slice CT angiography scanning (CTA 320) with 47 legs. The used method enabled investigation of the perforator arteries originating from the tibial, peroneal arteries, perforator flap’s pedicle artery and its projected cutaneous point. These data were used to preoperatively design an improved flap. Then, the CT-confirmed location and length of the flap’s pedicle artery were compared with intraoperative findings.
Results
Findings of the CTA 320 on 47 legs showed that 217 perforator arteries with diameters of ≥ 0.5 mm were detected; the average number of arteries per leg, their average length and diameter were 4.6 ± 2.1, 30.7 ± 10.4 mm and 1.16 ± 0.27 mm, respectively. The perforator arteries originating from the anterior tibial artery were mainly distributed in the proximal and middle thirds of the leg. Perforators from the posterior tibial and peroneal arteries were distributed abundantly in the middle and distal thirds of the leg. As identified in the CT, the location and length of the flap’s pedicle artery and its projected cutaneous point were consistent with those observed during the surgery.
Conclusions
The CTA 320 is a minimally invasive imaging method that provides high-quality images of the leg perforator arterial system and can identify the exact location and projected cutaneous point of the perforator flap’s pedicle artery.