bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profilowe zróżnicowanie form żelaza i glinu w glebach pod świerczyn górnoreglową Plagiothecio-Piccetum tatricum w Gorcach jako wskaźnik aktualnych procesów glebotwórczych / Distribution of Iron and Aluminum Forms as an Indicator of Present-Day Soil-Forming Processes in Soil Profiles under Wooded Spruce Plagiothecio-Piccetum Tatricum in the Gorce Mts. (Southern Poland)
Authors: Miechówka Anna , Zaleski Tomasz , Kowalczyk Elżbieta
Published: April 2016

The aim of the study was to determine soil-forming processes in soils formed from the Magura sandstones (Carpathian flysch) under wooded spruce Plagiothecio-Piccetum tatricum in the Gorce Mts., southern Poland. The research focused on distribution of non-silicate forms of iron and aluminum in soil profiles. The content of pyrophosphate, oxalate, and dithionite phases of iron and aluminum in the genetic horizons of four soil profiles was measured and selected pedogenic factors were calculated. Based on the obtained results podzolization and brunification are dominant soil-forming processes in the studied soils. The brunification effect was more common in the soils under the large share of Athyrium distentifolium, whereas podzolization predominates in the soils where Vaccinium myrtillus prevails in forest floor. Studied soils were classified as Dystric Endoskeletic Cambisol (Loamic, Humic), Dystric Cambisol (Siltic, Humic) and Skeletic Folic Albic Podzol (Arenic).
Enzymatic Activity and Enchytraeids Abundance in Agricultural Mountain Soils / Aktywność enzymatyczna i liczebność wazonkowców w glebach górskich użytkowanych rolniczo
Authors: Józefowska Agnieszka , Miechówka Anna
Published: April 2016

The number of soil mesofauna and enzymatic activity of soils are good indicators of changes in soil influenced by cultivation. The aim of this study was to compare density of enchytraeids and the activity of dehydrogenases (ADh), urease (AU), and invertase (AI) in the soils of grassland and arable land. Relationships that exist between those biological parameters and the basic soil properties (the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN), pH, texture, and total porosity) were defined. In the research, soil material from humus horizon of 12 soils which were located in the Mały Beskid and Silesian Foothills (S Poland) was used. The main density of enchytraeids in grassland soils (12 982 ind⋅m-2) was twice higher than in arable land soils (6099 ind⋅m-2), and the differences were statistically significant. Grassland soils were characterised by higher enzymatic activity than arable land soils. However, only ADh, which were almost three times higher in grassland than in arable soils (2024 and 742 μmol TPFkg-1h-1, respectively), showed significant differences. In grassland soils more favourable edaphic conditions for the development of soil organisms occurred in comparison with arable land.
Come See California’s Future
Authors: Janigian Aris
Published: April 2016

Fresno is moving beyond its agriculture roots, transforming itself from the inside out, taking strands from its past, present, and future to build a new kind of California urbanism. The city has the bones upon which to construct an appealingly Californian city, but more importantly, it has the conditions that make living there an attractive proposition: affordable housing, short commutes, new jobs, and a vibrant art and food scene.
Beyond Peak Juice Bar
Authors: Walker Alissa
Published: April 2016

This essay discusses the connection between land use, cars, and housing affordability, looking first at the way freeways affected Los Angeles neighborhoods, and then at the ways changing technologies might remake them once again. She argues that cleaner, quieter, self-driving cars coupled with plans to cap freeways and build parks over them could make underused land alongside busy roadways attractive for new housing.
Margins in the Middle
Authors: Brightwell Eric
Published: April 2016

Ethnic enclaves serve as segregated ghettos, negotiated spaces, tourist attractions, and vibrant shopping and residential districts for many of Los Angeles’s diverse communities. The enclaves are products of both historical racial discrimination and self-segregation driven by mutual, ethnically-specific interests. Enclaves serve as negotiated spaces by offering social services and familiar sorts of businesses where transactions are conducted in familiar languages and manners. Increasingly, ethnic enclaves are also tourist attractions where cultural festivals, restaurants, and other experiences exist in part to appeal to visitors from the larger culture. As part of the process of exploring these neighborhoods in Los Angeles and Orange counties, Eric Brightwell paints and draws maps of them. Included in this article are hand-drawn and painted maps of Historic Filipinotown, The Byzantine-Latino Quarter, Little Tokyo, Koreatown, Chinatown, Little Italy, Little Armenia, The Far Eastside, Little Seoul, Little Arabia, and Little India.
Effect of Turmeric Powder Supplementation to The Age of Sexual Maturity, Physical, and Chemical Quality of The First Japanese Quail’s (Coturnix japonica) Egg
Authors: Saraswati Tyas Rini , Tana Silvana
Published: April 2016

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of turmeric powder supplementation to the age of sexual maturity, physical, and chemical quality of the first Japanese quail’s (Coturnix japonica) egg. Forty five quails were assigned into a completely randomized design with three treatments (levels of turmeric powder, i.e., 0; 54; and 108 mg/quail/day) and each treatment used 15 quails. Turmeric powder supplementation was conducted before sexual maturity. Feed and drinking water provided ad libitum. Observed egg is an egg that was first produced. Parameters measured were the age of sexual maturity, feed intake, body weight, physical qualities which include: weight of egg, long axis, short axis, weight and thickness of shell, yolk index, Haugh unit, egg shell index. Whereas the observed chemical quality were cholesterol, HDL, LDL, protein, vitamin B12, vitamin A in eggs and egg shell calcium levels. The results showed that administration of turmeric powder can accelerate the age of maturity, increasing the levels of protein, HDL, vitamin A and B12 in eggs, decreasing the cholesterol and LDL content in eggs, but did not affect feed intake, physical quality of eggs and egg shell calcium levels. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that supplementation of turmeric powder improve the chemical quality of Japanese quail eggs (Coturnix japonica), so it is good for the development of quail embryos as well as for consumption.

How to Cite

Saraswati, T. R., & Tana, S. (2016). Effect of Turmeric Powder Supplementation To The Age of Sexual Maturity, Physical, and Chemical Quality of The First Japanese Quail’s (Coturnix japonica) Egg. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 8(1), 18-24.
Optimization of In Vitro Conservation Protocol of Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch through Medium Concentration, Temperature and Irradiation Duration Decrease
Authors: Rahayu Enni Suwarsi , Habibah Noor Aini
Published: April 2016

Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch, an endemic species in Dieng mountains, must be conserved. The in vitro conservation has been developed, but sub-culture period needs to be extended. This study aimed to obtain a more efficient in vitro conservation protocol of C. pubescens. The research was carried out experimentally by using a completely randomized factorial design with three factors, namely decreasing in storage medium concentration (75% and 50% of MS medium), temperature (4oC and 8°C), and irradiation duration (8 hours/day and 16 hours/day). Shoots were kept in the storage medium for 6, 9 and 12 months, then their viability were tested by growing them in the regeneration medium. Data were analyzed by Analyses of Variance and Least Significant Difference Test. The results showed that medium concentration of 50% of MS, the temperature of 8 °C, and 16 hours/day of irradiation were able to suppress the C. pubescens growth in vitro storage for six months and could maintain its viability in the regeneration medium. Based on these results the medium concentration of 50% of MS, the temperature of 8 °C and 16 hours/day irradiation can be used for in vitro conservation of C. pubescens without sub-culture for six months.

How to Cite

Rahayu, E., & Habibah, N. (2016). Optimization of In Vitro Conservation Protocol of Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch through Medium Concentration, Temperature and Irradiation Duration Decrease. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 8(1), 85-93.
Potential value of EUS in pancreatic surveillance of VHL patients
Authors: van Asselt Sophie J , Brouwers Adrienne H , van Dullemen Hendrik M , van der Jagt Eric J , Bongaerts Alfons H , Koopmans Klaas P , Kema Ido P , Zonnenberg Bernard A , Timmers Henri J , de Herder Wouter W , Sluiter Wim J , de Vries Elisabeth G , Links Thera P
Published: April 2016

Background

Patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease are prone to develop pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). However, the best imaging technique for early detection of pNETs in VHL is currently unknown. In a head-to-head comparison, we evaluated endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and 11C-5-hydroxytryptophan positron emission tomography (11C-5-HTP PET) compared with conventional screening techniques for early detection of pancreatic solid lesions in VHL patients.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional, prospective study in 22 patients at a tertiary care university medical center. Patients with VHL mutation or with one VHL manifestation and a mutation carrier as first-degree family member, with recent screening by abdominal computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS), were eligible. Patients underwent EUS by linear Pentax echoendoscope and Hitachi EUB-525, and 11C-5-HTP PET. Patient-based and lesion-based positivity for pancreatic solid lesions were calculated for all imaging techniques with a composite reference standard.

Results

In 10 of the 22 patients, 20 pancreatic solid lesions were detected: 17 with EUS (P < 0.05 vs CT/MRI+ SRS), 3 with 11C-5-HTP PET, 3 with SRS, 9 with CT/MRI, and 9 with CT/MRI + SRS. EUS evaluations showed solid lesions with a median size of 9.7 mm (range 2.9–55 mm) and most of them were homogeneous, hypoechoic, isoelastic, and hypervascular. Moreover, EUS detected multiple pancreatic cysts in 18 patients with a median of 4 cysts (range 1–30).

Conclusions

EUS is superior to CT/MRI + SRS for detecting pancreatic solid lesions in VHL disease.11C-5-HTP PET has no value as a screening method in this setting. EUS performs well in early detection of pNETs, but its role in VHL surveillance is unclear.
Metformin or Oral Contraceptives for Adolescents With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Al Khalifah Reem A. , Florez Ivan D. , Dennis Brittany , Thabane Lehana , Bassilious Ereny
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common disease. There is limited evidence to support various treatment choices. This leads to variable treatment practices.

OBJECTIVES:

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the use of metformin versus oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) for the treatment of PCOS in adolescents aged 11 to 19 years.

DATA SOURCES:

We performed literature searches through Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and gray literature resources, up to January 29, 2015.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:

Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts of identified citations, assessed full text eligibility, and extracted information from eligible trials.

RESULTS:

Four RCTs met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The reviewed evidence came from 170 patients. Overall, OCP treatment resulted in modest improvement in menstrual cycle frequency (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.27, P < .01, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.33 to −0.21) and mild reduction of acne scores (WMD = 0.3, P = .02, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.55). While metformin resulted in greater BMI reduction (WMD = −4.02, P < .01, 95% CI −5.23 to −2.81) it was associated with decreased dysglycemia prevalence (risk ratio: 0.41, P = .02, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.86) and improved total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels. Metformin and OCPs were similar in terms of impact on hirsutism.

CONCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONS:

Current evidence is derived from very low to low quality evidence. Therefore, treatment choice should be guided by patient values and preferences while balancing potential side effects. Future high quality RCTs are needed to address several questions for the treatment of adolescents with PCOS.
Study of some properties of cyanopyridine derivatives in solutions
Authors: Baluja Shipra , Movalia Jagdish
Published: April 2016

Some new cyanopyridine derivatives have been synthesized and their characterization was done by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. Further, some physicochemical properties such as density, refractive index, conductance etc. have been studied for these synthesized compounds, in different solvents at 308.15 K.
Análisis comparativo de la cinética de liberación de diclofenaco sódico a partir de matrices hidrofílicas en medios de disolución convencionales y biorrelevantes
Authors: Sandoval Plinio A. , Rajabi-Siahboomi Ali , Ponce D’León Luisa Fernanda
Published: April 2016

Se utilizaron dos polímeros hidrofílicos comúnmente empleados en la formulación de matrices de liberación extendida, hidroxipropil-metil-celulosa (HPMC, hipromelosa) y óxido de polietileno (PEO), junto con celulosa microcristalina y lactosa, con el objetivo de estudiar la cinética de liberación del diclofenaco sódico en los aparatos II y III de la USP, en un medio de disolución compendial y en medios biorrelevantes. La cinética de liberación predominante en el aparato II fue uno y en el aparato III, cero. El valor de las constantes n y k aplicando la ley del exponente, indicaron tanto para el aparato II como para el III, que no se presenta el efecto “burst” y que el mecanismo predominante en la liberación del fármaco, es la relajación y la erosión del polímero. Los resultados sugieren que la metodología de disolución en un medio biorrelevante es apropiada para discriminar entre formulaciones y para predecir el desempeño in vivo de tabletas de liberación extendida de diclofenaco sódico.
Obesity and lifestyle risk factors among an adult population in Legal Amazon, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Spanhol Rita De Cássia , Ferrari Carlos Kusano Bucalen
Published: April 2016

To evaluate the frequency of obesity and lifestyle risk factors in the population of Barra do Garças, Legal Amazon.

Methodology A randomized, transversal study with 305 adults of both genders was performed. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, food dietary habits, frequency of smoking and alcoholic consumption, practice of physical activity, and the physical activity level were evaluated.  

Results Smoking and alcoholic consumption was higher among men compared to women. Almost 60 % of men engaged in leisure-time physical activities, whereas only 42.4 % of women practiced physical activity. Women were engaged in mostly sedentary behavior activities, such as watching television and using the computer use than men. Dietary daily intake of fruits and vegetables were higher among women compared to men (65.9 % and 51.5 %, respectively). Men were more prone to drink soft drinks than women. However, 39.4 % of men and only 3.4 % of women drank soft drinks three or more days per week. The prevalence of overweight and obesity according to body mass index (BMI) was higher in this study. 34.4 % of men and 33.7 % of women were overweight and 15.10 % and 17.50% of men and women, respectively, were classifyied as obese. Elevated values of waist circumference were found in 35.35 % of men and 70.73 % of women.

Conclusión Women were more sedentary than men and had higher prevalence of abnormal waist circumference values.
Efeitos del Ejercicio Aguda en Eergómetro del Cuerpo Superior en Individuos con Obesidad Mórbida
Authors: Monnerat Marino Rosa Felipe , Fernandes Filho José , Linhares Renato Vidal , Quaresma José Carlos , Carneiro João Régis , Cruz Gustavo Gavina , Xerez Denise Rodrigues , Navarro Francisco
Published: April 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar o efeito agudo do exercício físico em cicloergômetro adaptado para membros superiores sobre marcadores fisiológicos em obesos mórbidos.

Métodos Participaram da pesquisa dez pacientes que realizaram 30 minutos de atividade contínua em um cicloergômetro adaptado para membros superiores. Foram avaliados a pressão arterial sistêmica, a frequência cardíaca, o duplo produto e a saturação de oxigênio. Para análise estatística utilizou-se de análise descritiva.

Resultados Os pacientes apresentaram o valor de 52,1 ± 8,3 no Índice de Massa Corporal. A maioria dos avaliados apresentaram uma discreta redução na pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) após a atividade física, com valores médios pré e pós na PAS de 135,5±11,4 e 133,5±15,3 mmHg, e 83±7,5 e 77±7,1 na PAD. A frequência cardíaca média foi de 68±10,4 bpm antes, 100,6±16,5 bpm durante e 80,7±14,5 bpm após 1 minuto. O Duplo Produto (DP) apresentou aumento médio de 29,6±17,1 % entre os homens e de 10,4±8,9 % entre as mulheres quando comparado com a fase inicial. A saturação de oxigênio não apresentou diferença média antes, durante e após a atividade.

Conclusão Conclui-se que o exercício físico em cicloergômetro para membros superiores, realizado de forma aguda em obesos mórbidos não apresenta risco elevado, sendo uma boa intervenção para promoção da saúde.
Análisis comparativo de las percepciones sobre el VIH/SIDA de varones homosexuales y bisexuales colombianos, con experiencia migratoria o sin la misma
Authors: Restrepo Pineda Jair Eduardo
Published: April 2016

Realizar una comparación de las percepciones sobre el VIH/Sida que tienen los varones homosexuales y bisexuales colombianos que residen en el Eje Cafetero colombiano frente a aquellos varones que han migrado a España, permitiendo indagar si estas percepciones influyen en la vulnerabilidad social de los implicados, la cual está determinada por aspectos tales como las desigualdades que pueden resultar del desconocimiento de la diversidad cultural y sexual de las personas que se encuentran inmersas en un proceso migratorio.

Métodos La investigación es de carácter transnacional (Colombia-España) y se realizó a través de entrevistas en profundidad a varones mayores de edad residentes en las comunidades autónomas de Madrid, Cataluña, Valencia y Andalucía en España y los departamentos de Caldas, Quindío, Risaralda y Valle del Cauca en Colombia, en un periodo de tiempo comprendido entre los años 2011 y 2013; en total se realizaron 87 entrevistas en ambos países.

Conclusión La relación entre la migración y la sexualidad debe plantearse desde una visión integral que permita enriquecer su comprensión, tanto a la sociedad de origen como al país de acogida al considerar sus aspectos sociales y culturales. Es indispensable que cualquier programa de promoción y prevención en salud que pretenda influir en los comportamientos sociales, tenga en cuenta las especificidades de las personas, para evitar así las generalizaciones y la instrumentalización de estas, reconociéndolas y visibilizándolas como sujetos de pleno derecho que opinan, hablan y participan.
Barriers and facilitators to preventive cancer screening in Limited English Proficient (LEP) patients: Physicians’ perspectives
Authors: Bruce Kelly H. , Schwei Rebecca J. , Park Linda S. , Jacobs Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2016

Background: Limited English Proficient (LEP) patients receive fewer recommended preventive screenings than English-speaking patients. Studies have explored patients’ perceptions of the factors that contribute to this disparity, but little research has focused on physicians’ perceptions. The objective of this paper is to describe physicians’ perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to preventive cancer screening in LEP patients, based on semi-structured interviews with eight primary care physicians from Wisconsin, systematically coded to illuminate important themes. It was found that a variety of barriers specifically hinder LEP patients’ receipt of cancer screening, including poor language proficiency, lack of transportation, unfamiliarity with the concept of prevention, complex scheduling systems, poor interpretation, and limited physician time to discuss preventive care. While physicians identified many factors that facilitate preventive screening in general, they mentioned few that are perceived as specific to LEP patients. We found that primary care physicians attribute the low rates of preventive cancer screening among LEP populations to a variety of patient, provider, interpreter, and system factors, most of which go beyond simple language barriers. Interventions designed to reduce these barriers and enhance the impact of identified facilitators should be multifactorial and designed to engage primary care physicians.
Defusing practices as mitigation in speech and language intervention
Authors: Samuelsson Christina , Plejert Charlotta , Anward Jan
Published: April 2016

In the present paper, speech and language intervention was investigated in order to explore the use and function of defusing practices. Defusing practices may be viewed as a special form of mitigation. In previous research, including studies on clinical interaction, mitigation has been described mainly as devices used in order to reduce the unwelcome effects of an utterance, or reduce the discomfort of bad news. Defusing practices, however, appear to serve somewhat different functions, which are examined here. Data comprises video and audio recordings of eight intervention sessions with children with language impairment (LI), and six intervention sessions with adults with aphasia, The analysis revealed the following kinds of defusing practices: circumscriptions/figurative language, diminutive words, words like ‘try’ or ‘test’, placing the problem outside of the patient, collective pronouns, diminishing the speech and language pathologist's own competence, encouragement, and references to well-known phenomena. If speech and language therapists (SLPs) are made aware of the practice and function of defusing, they may make conscious use of these practices in order to reduce face-threatening situations in intervention
Communicating in a different culture: Identifying acculturative stress among international students in South Korea
Authors: Choi Jinbong , Chung Wonjun
Published: April 2016

Using online survey data obtained from a total of 174 international students from outside Asia currently attending six universities in South Korea, this study tested hypotheses regarding the relationship between acculturative stress and depression, and the roles of social resources (e.g. social supports from the host country) and psychological resources (e.g. selfesteem and locus of control) in moderating the nature of the stress–depression relation. It was found that international students who reported that they had experienced acculturative stress, mainly due to language barriers and the perception of academic dissimilarities, had higher depression levels than those who reported fewer or no such experiences. This study also revealed a three-way interaction of all variables on depression, indicating that both social and psychological resources played moderating roles in diminishing the strength of the relationship between acculturative stress and depression. Based on those findings, it is argued that more proactive, culturally sensitive communication intervention efforts at South Korean colleges are needed to help the growing numbers of international students cope with acculturative stress and mental illness, which they often encounter in a new culture and education.
The causal attributions of substance use in clients’ change talk during motivational interviewing
Authors: Sarpavaara Harri
Published: April 2016

The objective of this study is to provide insights into substance users’ beliefs about the causes of substance use, in order to expand the current understanding of the significance of the client's change-related talk during motivational interviewing (MI) sessions. In particular, it focuses on what kind of causes the substance-using clients attribute their substance use to in change talk during MI. The analyses are based on videotaped and transcribed data consisting of 98 MI sessions in the Finnish Probation Service. By applying Peirce's semiotic theory of signs, this study investigates clients’ change talk utterances about causal attributions of substance use as an indexical sign. The results show that the clients attributed various causes to substance use, and that five main causes can be discerned: cultural factors, significant others, personal properties, working life, and lifestyle. The study displays that both sociocultural and psychological causes play an important role in substance users’ change talk. Thus, it is suggested that contextual factors should not be overlooked in MI and other substance use treatment.
Inflation Expectations and the Stabilization of Inflation: Alternative Hypotheses
Authors: Nalewaik Jeremy J.
Published: April 2016

This paper examines two candidate hypotheses explaining the stabilization of U.S. inflation since the 1970s and 1980s. The first explanation credits the stabilization of inflation expectations, and assumes those expectations have a strong positive causal effect on actual subsequent inflation, while the second explanation credits the disappearance of such a strong positive causal effect. The paper reports statistical tests favorable to both a stabilization of inflation expectations and a marked decline in the effect of the general public’s inflation expectations on subsequent inflation.
Responsibilities of Companies towards Employees
Authors: Botha Monray Marsellus
Published: April 2016

Central to company law is the promotion of corporate governance. An important question in company law still today is in whose interest the company should be managed. Corporate governance needs to address the entire span of responsibilities to stakeholders of the company such as customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers and the community at large. The promotion of human rights in the application of company law must also take place. This is extremely important given the significant role of enterprises within the social and economic life of the nation. The interests of various stakeholder groups in the context of the corporation as a "social institution" should be enhanced and protected. Because corporations are part of society and the community, like all of us, it is required of them to be socially responsible and have greater accountability to all stakeholders of the company. Although directors must act in the best interests of shareholders collectively they must also consider the interests of other stakeholders. Sustainable relationships with all the relevant stakeholders are thus important. The advancement of social justice is thus important to corporations in that they should take note of the Constitution, labour legislation and company law legislation when social justice issues are dealt with. Employees have become very important stakeholders of companies and their needs should be taken into account in the bigger corporate governance and social responsibility framework.
Editorial
Authors: Rautenbach Christa
Published: April 2016

This edition of PER consists of eight contributions; six articles and two notes. In the first article, Angelo Dubeanalyses the interaction amongst African States that eventually led to the development of universal jurisdiction regulations within their individual legal systems to determine if one can say that there is indeed an African signature in those legal rules. Anél Ferreira-Snyman deals with the rapid development of space technology and space flight which has rendered article IV of the Outer Space Treaty dealing with the military use of outer space outdated and in dire need of change. Moses Phooko's article investigates whether the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Tribunal has jurisdiction to deal with cases involving allegations of human rights violations. Analogous to the situation of Chinese people in South Africa who chose to be defined as "Black People" in terms of the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 as well as the Broad Based Economic Empowerment Act 53 of 2003, Enyinna Nwauche examines the possibility that people living under a system of customary law may change their legal system by choosing another one. The last two articles, written in two parts by Andre Louw, deals with theEmployment Equity Act 55 of 1998. In the first part, he critically examines the organising principle of the affirmative provisions of this Act and assesses if it is in line with the constitutional requirements for a legitimate affirmative action programme or measure. In the second part, he critically evaluates the Constitutional Court judgment inSouth African Police Service v Solidarity obo Barnard 2014 6 SA 123 (CC), and highlights what he thinks the biggest areas of disappointment of this judgment are within the context of South Africa’s equality jurisprudence.In the first of two notes, Zsa-Zsa Boggenpoel analyses the Constitutional Court's use of the common law remedy ofmandament van spolie in Ngqukumba v Minister of Safety and Security 2014 5 SA 112 (CC). In the second note and last contribution of this edition, Petronell Kruger discusses the case of Western Cape Forum for Intellectual Disability v Government of the Republic of South Africa 2011 5 SA 87 (WCC), which dealt with the challenges faced by persons with disabilities relating to access to education in South Africa.
Identidade e deslocamento nos contos "Liberdade Adiada" e "Segurança"
Authors: Alves Henrique Roriz Aarestrup , Pellizari Kelly
Published: April 2016

Resumo: Este trabalho pretende analisar os contos “Liberdade Adiada”, da autora cabo-verdiana Dina Salústio, e “Segurança”, da portuguesa Teolinda Gersão. Em “Liberdade Adiada”, a personagem desloca-se permanentemente, realizando um percurso cotidiano por necessidades básicas de sobrevivência. Este impulso se dá por imposições de um contexto socioeconômico desfavorável e injusto que se impõe à personagem. Já no texto de Teolinda Gersão, o deslocamento do personagem se dá no contexto das grandes cidades modernas em que tudo gira em torno do capital. Tomado por um mal-estar permanente, o personagem viaja e realiza movimentos que se repetem várias vezes na narrativa, remetendo não ao prazer de um momento de descanso e entretenimento, mas sim a uma constante inquietação. Percebe-se que ambos os personagens parecem estar relacionados aos processos empreendidos pela modernidade capitalista, na medida em que os espaços diversos em que se estão inseridos, bem como suas respectivas identidades, encontram-se profundamente afetados.
Infinity and Voracity of Lists in John Milton’s Paradise Lost
Authors: Sá Luiz Fernando Ferreira , Olalquiaga Mayra Helena Alves
Published: April 2016

Taking a cue from Stanley Fish, the focus of this essay will be on the forms of “intangling” that read as a play of captivity and unboundedness, two apparently opposed notions that, nevertheless, underpin Milton’s poetics. What we propose to look at here is how these terms are effected in the literary lists, inventories, catalogues and accumulations Milton consistently explores in Paradise Lost. More specifically, this essay argues that the paradoxes of, and possible antidotes to, captivity that we see operating in the lists in Paradise Lost are staged in a treatment that lends them the quality of being at once infinite and voracious, thus a tentative antidote to (something that relieves, prevents, or counteracts, as an antidote to boredom) captivity.
Variation of precipitation concentration from 1960 to 2014 in the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, China
Authors: Zhao L. , Wang J. M. , Zhao Z. , Fang J.
Published: April 2016

Based on the daily rainfall data of 127 stations from 1960 to 2014, this study investigated the spatial-temporal variation of PCD (precipitation-concentration degree) and PCP (precipitation-concentration period), and their possible relations with ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River of China. Main results have indicated that, firstly, the mean PCD was generally below 0.5 across the whole study area, with the lower value located in the northeast and south. Besides, there was a positive trend of concentrated precipitation in the west part while negative in the east. Secondly, the mean PCP ranged from May to July and delayed from south to north, along with a trend of advancing rainy season in the central part. In addition, PCD had a positive relation with ONI (Oceanic Niño Index), while PCP negative. El Niño led the rainy season earlier and the precipitation more concentrated. This study could not only shed a light on the understanding of the variation of precipitation pattern, but also provide theoretical support for regional disaster risk governance and water resources management in the middle and lower Yangtze River Basin.
Aplicação da Bioética na prática clínica diária
Authors: Inocente Janine Julieta , Medeiros Urubatan
Published: April 2016

A Bioética é a parte da ética, ramo da filosofia, que enfoca os limites e as finalidades de intervenção do ser humano sobre a vida, identifica os valores de referência racionalmente proponíveis e denuncia os riscos das possíveis aplicações. O presente estudo teve por objetivo refletir sobre a bioética na prática odontológica e para tal foi realizada uma busca não exaustiva na literatura e uma análise dos estudos sobre a bioética na prática odontológica, delineando pontos a serem explorados dentro da Odontologia. Conclui-se, com base nos estudos utilizados, que a sociedade contemporânea necessita mais do que nunca de cidadãos éticos e que os cirurgiões-dentistas viabilizem um trabalho mais humanizado, viável, baseado nos princípios éticos.
Association and polymorphism study of seven candidate genes with reproductive traits in three pig breeds in Hungary.
Authors: Hunyadi-Bagi Ágnes , Balogh Péter , Nagy Krisztina , Kusza Szilvia
Published: April 2016

Seven genes (BF, EGF, ESR, FSHB, H2AFZ, LEP and PRLP) were studied as candidate gene influencing eleven reproduction traits (interval between litters (IBL), percent of litter (PL), number of litters (NL), number of piglets born dead (NBD), number of piglet born alive (NBA), total number born (TNB), mean of born alive (MBA), mean of born dead (MBD), mean of born total (MBT), mean of piglets at 21 days of age (M21D) and growth rate (GR) in three pig breeds (Hungarian Large White (HLW), Duroc and Pietrain) by PCR-RFLP. Based on the observed vs. expected genotypes frequencies populations across loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). In case HLW breed ESR and FSHβ genes were in disequilibrium. Association study suggested that only EGF gene showed significant influence on the trait NBA and TNB. The AA genotype are preferable for sows, associated with higher NBA and TNB. The longest IBL, and the highest NL is associated with AB and AA genotype of EGF gene. IBL is significantly shorter in case of pigs with AB and AA alleles than BB alleles of PRLP genes. Selection for these SNPs could improve the reproductivity in the studied breeds.
Nutritional status of university faculty as influenced by the nutrient intake
Authors: Kaur* Ramandeep , Sharma1 Sonika
Published: April 2016

The goal of this study was to determine the nutrient intake by the faculty of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. A random selection of 240 university faculty comprising of 80Assistant Professors, 80 Associate Professors and 80 Professors was made. A questionnaire was designed to assess general characteristics, daily food intakes among university faculty. Dietary survey was carried out by using “24 hour recall method” for three consecutive days. From the dietary intake the average daily intake of nutrients was calculated using Indian Nutrition Software (DIET CAL). The nutrient intake was compared with the recommended dietary allowances for Indians and percentage adequacy of nutrients intake was calculated.The mean daily intake of nutrients like protein, fat, calcium and iron was more than adequate by both female and male respondents i.e. 59.54g (108.25%), 52.60g (263.00%), 1064.78mg (177.46%) and 21.94mg (104.48%) by females respectively and 61.50g (102.50%), 55.35g (221.40%), 1174.89mg (195.81%) and 22.87mg (134.53%)by males respectively. The mean daily intake of nutrients like energy, carbohydrates and beta carotene was inadequate by both female and male respondents i.e. 1736.06 Kcal (91.37%), 244.05g (81.35%), 3177.84µg (66.20%) respectively by female respondents and 1877.67 Kcal (80.93%), 262.12g (87.37%), 4051.38µg (84.40%) respectively by male respondents.
In vitro digestibility of tempeh flours and preparation of instant soupmixes of greengram- Rice tempeh flour
Authors: Lakshmy* P.S , Suman K.T.
Published: April 2016

Dietary starch and proteins varies greatly in digestibility and its effects on the utilization of other nutrients. The variation appears to be due to differences in starch, protein and antinutrients affect the digestibility of foods. Processing treatments, storage conditions, chemical modification, and genetic breeding influence the digestibility of foods. Tempeh is a solid fermented soybean product that is consumed widely in Indonesia. Fresh tempeh using soyabean, green gram and rice were prepared. Tempeh flours were prepared from fresh tempeh. Invitro starch (IVSD) and protein (IVPD) digestibility of tempeh flours were analysed. The IVSD of different tempeh flours in the present study ranged from 72.18 to 83.86 per cent and IVPD ranged 75.12 to 90.86 per cent. Instant soup mixes were formulated using the tempeh flours.
Effect of organic manures on growth and yield of summer cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] under middle Gujarat conditions
Authors: Joshi Deepa , Gediya K. M. , Patel J. S. , Birari M. M. , Gupta Shivangini
Published: April 2016

An experiment was carried out on loamy sand soil of Bidi tobacco Research Station Farm, AAU, Anand to evaluate the effect of organic manures (farmyard manure, vermi-compost, poultry manure, neem cake and castor cake) on growth and green pod yield of cowpea during summer season of 2013-14 in randomized block design with four replication. Application of recommended dose of fertilizer 20-40-0 NPK kg ha-1recorded significantly higher green pod, stover yield and yield contributing characters viz., number of green pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1 over different organic sources; However, application of 2 t ha-1 vermicompost was at par with RDF. The plant population per meter row length at 25 DAS and at final picking and number of branches plant-1 and plant height at 30 DAS showed no significant difference between different treatments, but at 60 DAS and at final picking significantly higher plant height was observed due to use of RDF 20-40-0 NPK kg ha-1.
Effect of integrated phosphorus management on growth, yield and quality of lentil (Lens culinaris)
Authors: Pandey Mukesh Kumar , Verma Ajay , Kumar Pramod
Published: April 2016

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the effect of integrated phosphorus management on growth, yield and quality of lentil. The trial was laid out in split plot design assigning 8 treatments of three phosphorus levels (0, 40 and 80 Kg ha-1), three mode of PSB application (soil application, seed inoculation including control) and sulphur application of 20 Kg ha-1 with control. The crop was fertilized up to 80 Kg ha-1 of phosphorus application enhanced more growth, yield attributes, seed yield and protein yield than the 40 Kg ha-1 and control, however the initial plant population per running meter was remain non-significant during both the years. The PSB applied by seed inoculation and 20 Kg ha-1 sulphur application were showed similar effects. The economic value also calculated to judge best combination and found that the 80 Kg ha-1 phosphorus application, seed inoculation with PSB and 20 Kg ha-1 sulphur application received more net income (ha-1) and benefit cost ratio also.
UTILIZAÇÃO DA ESTRATÉGIA PURA DA TEORIA DOS JOGOS PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DO PREÇO DE VENDA
Authors: Da Silva Alini , Pletsch Caroline Sulzbach , Hein Nelson , Scarpin Jorge Eduardo
Published: April 2016

O estudo teve por objetivo verificar o preço de venda ideal de acordo com a estratégia pura da Teoria dos Jogos em uma empresa hoteleira. A metodologia utilizada foi descritiva, quantitativa e trata-se de um estudo de caso. O estudo de caso foi realizado em uma empresa de prestação de serviços no ramo hoteleiro localizada no norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a qual oferece três tipos de diárias, standard, standard superior e suíte. Foram gerados oito preços de venda para cada serviço ofertado por quatro sistemas de custeio e duas métricas de rateio dos gastos indiretos, com a finalidade de encontrar o preço concorrente com as demais empresas. Constatou-se que os preços de venda gerados pelo sistema de custeio direto ou variável foi o retratado pelos três tipos de serviços, o que representa a melhor opção diante dos preços da concorrência.
ESTRATÉGIAS QUE AGREGAM VALOR NOS SEGMENTOS DO AGRONEGÓCIO NO BRASIL: UM ESTUDO DESCRITIVO
Authors: Soares Tamires Camargo , Jacometti Márcio
Published: April 2016

O agronegócio tem importância vital para a economia brasileira e a identificação das estratégias presentes nesse segmento, mediante uma abordagem fundamentada em casos reais, boas práticas e indicadores de qualidade revela-se pertinente. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar quais estratégias de negócio agregaram valor ao agronegócio no Brasil, a partir do ano 2000, considerando variáveis macroeconômicas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, que teve como método a descrição de casos baseada na análise de dados secundários, fundamentada em referencial teórico sobre estratégias competitivas do modelo porteriano e análise do ambiente de negócios via modelo SWOT.
Caracterización fenotípica y molecular de Escherichia coli productoras de β-Lactamasas de espectro extendido en pacientes ambulatorios de Lima, Perú
Authors: Galván Fiorela , Agapito Juan , Bravo Nora , Lagos José , Tamariz Jesús
Published: April 2016

Objetivos: Determinar las características fenotípicas y genotípicas de las β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) en E. coli aislados de cultivos de orina de pacientes de la comunidad en un laboratorio privado de la ciudad de Lima, Perú. Material y métodos: Se evaluaron 53 aislamientos de E. coli por dos métodos fenotípicos: Jarlier y CLSI, el perfil de susceptibilidad se realizó mediante disco difusión y la caracterización genotípica mediante PCR para los genes blaCTX-M, blaTEM y blaSHV. Resultados: Los 53 aislamientos productores de BLEE representaron el 16,30% del total de aislados de E. coli, afectando principalmente a mujeres mayores de 65 años. El perfil de susceptibilidad evidenció alta resistencia a AMP,CEF,CRO(100%), LEV(87%), NOR(92%), CIP y NAL(94%), CXM y CTX(96%),SXT(70%), ATM(75%) y TOB (85%); asimismo elevada sensibilidad a NIT e IPM(100%), AMK(91%) y FOF(73,6%). El tipo de gen bla más frecuente fue blaCTX-M (55%), seguido por la coexistencia blaCTX-M+TEM (24%), blaTEM (13%) y blaSHV (6%). Conclusiones: La frecuencia de E. coli productores de BLEE fue de 16,3%; siendo el gen tipo blaCTX-M el más frecuente, información valiosa para orientar la terapia antimicrobiana empírica.
Accidente cerebrovascular en un adulto joven con deficiencia de proteína S y foramen oval patente. Reporte de caso
Authors: Fernández-Merjildo Diana , Najar Trujillo Enrique
Published: April 2016

Se reporta el caso de una mujer joven de 38 años de edad, con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico agudo y deficiencia de proteína S más foramen oval patente. La paciente acudió al servicio de emergencia por presentar hemiparesia derecha y disartria, de forma súbita. Al examen físico se evidenció marcada disminución de la fuerza muscular en hemicuerpo derecho con signo de Babinski positivo. La tomografía cerebral mostró una hipodensidad cortico-subcortical témporo-parietal izquierda y la angioresonancia confirmó signos de infarto. La ecocardiografía transtorácica evidenció foramen oval patente y en los estudios de hipercoagulabilidad se encontró deficiencia de la Proteína S.
Queratosis actínica
Authors: Méndez Matthey Vanessa E.
Published: April 2016

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Sleepwalkers: entre as múltiplas telas e as narrativas lacunares
Authors: De Carvalho Victa
Published: April 2016

Marcadas pelo forte investimento na relação entre arte e cotidiano, diferentes obras contemporâneas privilegiam a ação banal, o comum, o habitual e o anônimo como os elementos-chave para a experiência com as imagens. Este artigo tem por objetivo repensar a relação entre experiência estética e cotidiano em instalações artísticas contemporâneas, a partir da obra Sleepwalkers (2007), do artista americano Doug Aitken. Trata-se de refletir sobre o modo como a obra de Aitken evidencia alguns dos principais desafios que o cinema de exposição propõe hoje no campo da arte, tomando como eixo central as telas múltiplas e as narrativas lacunares ou rarefeitas. Interessa a relação da obra com a cidade e com o espectador, convidado a habitar a imagem de modo a experienciá-la em sua condição de presença no mundo.
Editorial
Authors: Beatriz Polivanov e Thaiane Oliveira Marco Roxo,
Published: April 2016

Desejamos a todos uma boa leitura.
La agonía de la P.S.S. en la ciudad de Zaragoza
Authors: Gutiérrez Resa Antonio , Borque Terrén Raquel , Gimeno García Rosa Ana , Larena López Sonia , Vázquez Corbatón Enrique
Published: April 2016

Una mirada a las bambalinas de la P.S.S.

El interés por conocer la opinión sobre la Prestación Social Sustitutoria (P.S.S.), de aquellas entidades que cuentan con objetores de conciencia, dependientes del Consistorio Zaragozano, llevó a plantearnos la investigación de la que presentamos en éste artículo las ideas más relevantes.

Tras un breve recorrido histórico se vislumbran distintos momentos en los de cuales la P.S.S. fue considerada un problema de grandes dimensiones por la Administración. Los aspectos más sobresalientes que del estudio se sustraen son el trabajo directo, en la mayor parte de los casos con los beneficiarios, el alto grado de utilidad para la sociedad, la propia entidad y la Administración y el planteamiento de los inevitables interrogantes que la inminente desaparición de la P.S.S. genera.
¿Es correcto hablar de un único mercado de trabajo en el sector de las artes escénicas? Una propuesta para el debate
Authors: Virgili Conxa
Published: April 2016

Introducción: Objetivos y limitaciones

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la postura de los autores en relación a una incorrección habitual al hablar de la situación de los profesionales de las artes escénicas en la esfera laboral: pensar que estos actúan en un único mercado de trabajo. Las evidencias empíricas dan a entender que no existe tal mercado, entendiéndolo como un mundo específico para todos/as los profesionales del espectáculo. De esta forma, la realidad demuestra más bien la necesidad de considerar la existencia de situaciones profesionales muy diversas por la convivencia de múltiples mercados, casi tantos como especialidades existen. La posición de los autores en este debate proviene del conocimiento que les confiere la información obtenida de un amplio estudio sobre las inserciones socioprofesionales y las trayectorias laborales en el mercado de trabajo de las artes del espectáculo. Mercado de trabajo entendido en un sentido amplio, tanto desde el punto de vista temático: inserciones y trayectorias profesionales, condiciones de trabajo, visión y evaluación de la profesión, actitudes y expectativas de futuro; así como desde el punto de vista de los actores sociales: ocupados/as en el sector de las artes escénicas, pluriocupados/as, ocupados/as en el sector y fuera de él (multiocupados/as) y ocupados/as fuera del sector.