bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerebellar rTMS for Enhancing Coordination in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mohamed Hoda Zayed A. , Elwishy Abeer A. , Shalaby Nevin M. , Shehata Hatem S. M. , Ahmed S. Ali
Published: October 2024

Purpose of Review: Cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has gained attention as a potential therapeutic intervention for neurological disorders. Recently, there has been growing interest in its use to improve coordination in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). This review aims to examine and discuss the current evidence on the effectiveness of cerebellar rTMS in enhancing motor coordination in individuals with MS.
Methods: A comprehensive search of Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar was conducted using keywords such as multiple sclerosis, cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, coordination, and neurorehabilitation. Articles published from January 2012 to July 2024 were included, and only English-language studies were reviewed. Unpublished manuscripts, conference abstracts, and studies not involving larger scientific investigations were excluded.
Results: The findings suggest that cerebellar rTMS, when combined with conventional rehabilitation methods, has the potential to improve coordination in PwMS. However, the available evidence is limited, and larger, more rigorous studies are needed to confirm these findings and establish standardized treatment protocols.
Conclusion: Current literature indicates that cerebellar rTMS holds promise as a supplementary intervention for improving coordination in PwMS. Further high-quality trials are required to support its clinical application and to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
Penfigoide de las mucosas
Authors: Galperín Gustavo D. , Candiz María Emilia , Forero Olga Lucía , Label Marcelo , Di Milia Mónica , Aguilar Alejandro , Bolatti Mónica G , Brunzini Ricardo , Berra Alejandro , Berra Martín , Beruschi María del Pilar , Cabral Campana Luciana , De Luca David , Dickson Cinthia , Fernández Bussy Ramón (h) , Hernández M. Inés , López Di Noto Ada L. , Loriente Diego Martín , Meik Sabrina , Mordoh Ana , Otal Micaela , Riganti Julia , Rodríguez Costa Graciela , Torre Ana Clara , Ubaldini Guido , Veciño Rodriguez Cecilia
Published: October 2024

El penfigoide de las membranas mucosas es un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades ampollares autoinmunes inflamatorias crónicas que compro- meten las mucosas y en ocasiones, la piel.
En la Guía intersocietaria de manejo de penfigoide de las membranas mucosas publicada en 2023, la Sociedad Argentina de Dermatología y la Sociedad Argentina de Superficie Ocular realizaron una re- visión bibliografía sobre los mecanismos fisiopa- tológicos de la enfermedad, las manifestaciones clínicas en las diferentes mucosas, las opciones de tratamiento sistémico y el manejo de la superficie ocular.
Glorifying Neighbors and Guests from a Hadith Perspective and its Relation to the Level of Faith
Authors: Andaluzi Fahmi , Fatah Abdul
Published: October 2024

Dynamic social patterns will undergo changes in various community systems including the concept of being a neighbor and guest which is a major part of daily activities. These developments and changes will experience stagnation and even conflict between individuals or community groups if they are not accompanied by good values as a basic footing in socializing. This paper seeks to explore the Hadith's view on the noble attitude towards neighbors and guests and its relationship to the level of faith. This research fully uses library research by applying the descriptive-analytical method, namely by presenting the related traditions and analyzing their relation to the level of faith.The results of this study show that honoring neighbors and guests has a strong urgency in the view of the hadith. Good behavior towards neighbors and guests is important to be applied in social life. A good attitude towards neighbors is not only limited to the rules applied in social ethics, but has a connection with the faith of a Muslim where the attitude towards neighbors and guests is one of the strong indicators of the level of faith of a Muslim. From the analysis of the traditions studied, it can be concluded that honoring neighbors and guests is highly considered in Islam, these noble morals are not only limited to commands but as a benchmark for the level of perfection of one's faith.
STANDARDS NA ALTERAÇÃO DE CONTRATOS REGIDOS PELA LEI 8.666/1993 PARA A INCLUSÃO DE CLÁUSULA PREVENDO MÉTODOS ALTERNATIVOS DE SOLUÇÃO DE CONTROVÉRSIAS
Authors: Dias Bruno Fernandes
Published: October 2024

O presente ensaio explora as consequências práticas do Enunciado nº 10 da I Jornada de Direito Administrativo do Conselho da Justiça Federal, com foco na utilização da arbitragem em contratos decorrentes de licitações regidas pela Lei 8.666/1993. A Seção II apresenta os fundamentos para que o enunciado seja acolhido pelo poder público, pelos particulares e pelos órgãos de controle. A parte final da Seção II justifica a importância de standards para a efetiva aplicação do Enunciado. A primeira parte da Seção III apresenta e discute os chamados standards positivos, baseados em circunstâncias procedimentais e materiais em que a arbitragem deve ser preferencialmente utilizada. A segunda parte da Seção III examina os correlacionados standards negativos. A parte final da Seção III sustenta a necessidade de se complementar a adoção de standards positivos e negativos por meio de uma postura experimental. A Seção IV traz as observações conclusivas do autor.
IMPLICAÇÕES E RESSONÂNCIAS SOBRE O CAMPO DA AVALIAÇÃO DE POLÍTICAS SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA AÇÃO PÚBLICA
Authors: Oliveira Breynner Ricardo de
Published: October 2024

O artigo analisa o campo da avaliação tomando como ponto de partida quatro ideias/intenções: (1) aprofundar as discussões sobre dinâmicas transversais que respondem a questões públicas complexas a partir de olhares sobre articulações e controvérsias nas dinâmicas socioestatais; (2) a ação pública no território; (3) concepções epistemológicas e metodológicas associadas ao campo da avaliação de políticas públicas e (4) múltiplas conexões em redes de políticas públicas. Ao articular essas dimensões, pretende-se fornecer subsídios para se compreender a avaliação como um fazer processual, diretamente vinculado ao caminho que as políticas percorrem, a partir da noção de trajetória. Dessa forma, o artigo explicita que a avaliação não é apenas uma escolha técnica, mas, majoritariamente, trata de uma estratégia política. Atribuir valor aos resultados da ação estatal significa, em maior ou menor grau, reconhecer as tensões – a dialética – entre desenvolvimento econômico e social. Avaliar, portanto, é um ato que vincula a ação pública e o Estado a uma agenda e a essas dimensões.
TRANSPARÊNCIA ATIVA DAS COMPRAS PÚBLICAS MUNICIPAIS NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Guimarães Eduardo dos Santos
Published: October 2024

Por meio da Open Government Partnership (OGP) o Brasil firmou parceria com outros países para difundir o governo aberto. Com base nos princípios da Transparência, Accountability, Participação e Inovação busca-se implementar uma melhoria contínua no que se refere à disponibilização de informações à sociedade e o consequente aumento do controle social. Quanto ao princípio da transparência, a publicidade das ações governamentais ganhou muita força no Brasil a partir da Lei Federal 12.527/11, conhecida como Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI). O decreto federal 7.724/12, que regulamentou aquela lei, e o do estado do RJ 46.475/18 definem a transparência ativa como a disponibilização espontânea de informações, independentemente de requerimento, enquanto que a passiva ocorre mediante pedido de qualquer cidadão. Ao tratar das compras públicas, a LAI preconiza que os entes públicos devem promover a transparência ativa, ou seja, disponibilizar ao cidadão em seus sítios eletrônicos um conjunto mínimo de informações para possibilitar o conhecimento acerca de suas licitações e contratos. Por meio de consulta aos endereços eletrônicos oficiais dos municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro, este trabalho de investigação pretende verificar se está sendo observada a transparência ativa em relação às informações de licitações e contratos exigidas pela Lei de Acesso à Informação, de forma a propiciar um efetivo controle social pelos cidadãos fluminenses.
Clinical and Epidemiological Study of Multiple Sclerosis in Svoge and Troyan
Authors: Nikolova Antonia , Milanov Ivan , Kmetska Ksenia
Published: October 2024

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory, autoimmune, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous  system. It is characterized by various symptoms depending on the area affected – brain, spinal cord or optic nerves. Multiple sclerosis typically presents at age 20–40 years and affects women more often than men. It is the most frequent nontraumatic disease causing neurologic deficit among young people. According to the 3rd edition of Atlas of MS, published by The Multiple Sclerosis International Federation in 2020, there are 2.8 million people living with the disease around the world. The last study on the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Bulgaria was published in 1999. It  estimated prevalence of 44.5/100 000 and incidence 1.03/100 000.
We present an epidemiological study conducted between January 2016 and December 2020 in two small areas in Bulgaria with homogenous and stable population – Svoge and Troyan. The estimated prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Troyan was 116.5/100 000 with incidence of 28.2/100 000. The prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in Svoge were 117.7/100 000 and 24.5/100 000, respectively. The reason for the higher prevalence and incidence rates in our study may be explained by the better diagnosis of the disease according to well defined diagnostic criteria, the longer survival of the affected individuals and the availability of various disease modifying therapies.
Utilisation of artificial intelligence for the provision of information services at the University of Limpopo libraries
Authors: Rabatseta Phuti Concilia , Modiba Mashilo , Ngulube Patrick
Published: October 2024

In the wake of the fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence has been used in every aspect of human activity, including library operations. Artificial intelligence refers to the process of collaborating with robotic machines to improve job performance, generate increased competence and drive economic progress. In the library and information services, artificial intelligence can carry out a series of operations such as information retrieval. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utilisation of artificial intelligence for the provision of information services at the University of Limpopo library in South Africa. The study used a qualitative content analysis to gather data. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence can be used to provide information services in the library such as responding to students' enquiries and helping users to locate books faster. However, the findings further indicate that the University of Limpopo library must have adequate artificial intelligence infrastructure in place to integrate with the library management system to provide effective information services. The study recommends that an intelligent robotic machine be adopted and applied to the information service at the University of Limpopo library to deal with students' enquiries regarding the availability of the books and the location of the books in the library. The study also recommends that the University of Limpopo library provide training programmes and workshops to help library professionals improve their knowledge of artificial intelligence technologies. The study proposes a framework for the utilisation of artificial intelligence for the provision of information services in the fourth industrial revolution at the University of Limpopo libraries in South Africa.
Longitudinal transcriptional changes reveal genes from the natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway as critical players underlying COVID-19 progression
Authors: Medina Matias A , Fuentes-Villalobos Francisco , Quevedo Claudio , Aguilera Felipe , Riquelme Raul , Rioseco Maria Luisa , Barria Sebastian , Pinos Yazmin , Calvo Mario , Burbulis Ian , Kossack Camila , Alvarez Raymond A , Garrido Jose Luis , Barria Maria Ines
Published: October 2024

Patients present a wide range of clinical severities in response severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, but the underlying molecular and cellular reasons why clinical outcomes vary so greatly within the population remains unknown. Here, we report that negative clinical outcomes in severely ill patients were associated with divergent RNA transcriptome profiles in peripheral immune cells compared with mild cases during the first weeks after disease onset. Protein–protein interaction analysis indicated that early-responding cytotoxic natural killer cells were associated with an effective clearance of the virus and a less severe outcome. This innate immune response was associated with the activation of select cytokine–cytokine receptor pathways and robust Th1/Th2 cell differentiation profiles. In contrast, severely ill patients exhibited a dysregulation between innate and adaptive responses affiliated with divergent Th1/Th2 profiles and negative outcomes. This knowledge forms the basis of clinical triage that may be used to preemptively detect high-risk patients before life-threatening outcomes ensue.
Cordyceps cateniannulata, a new potential strain for controlling Allantus luctifer from China
Authors: Zhang Xiaona , Wu Yu , Peng Xue , Liu Can , Yang Guimin , Chen Qingfu , Jin Daochao
Published: October 2024

Allantus luctifer is one of the most serious pests of buckwheat, with its larvae mainly damaging leaves during the seedling and flowering stages. Entomogenous fungi play a crucial role as biological regulators of arthropod populations in nature. In this paper, a newly isolated strain 19GZAl-1, was identified as Cordyceps. cateniannulata through the observetions of macroscopic and microscopic morphological features, and the results of rDNA- ITS sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. By comparing the efficacy of ten entomopathogenic fungal strains, including six strains of C. cateniannulata and four other Cordyceps species, against A. luctifer larvae, the new strain 19GZAl-1 exhibited the highest mortality rate. Mortality rates of A. luctifer larvae treated by spraying with the strain 19GZAl-1 increased as larval stage decreased, with first instar larvae showing the highest mortality rate of 85%. The appressorium from conidia invaded the larval body through areas with thin cuticle, such as larva pod base and internode folds, after which the hyphae grew rapidly, filling the haemocoel, and finally protruding from the integument upon melanization and decomposition of the intestinal wall cells. The results suggest that the strain 19GZAL-1 of C. cateniannulata has potential against A. luctifer larvae, which is significant for further study on the infection mechanism of C. cateniannulata on insects.
A Case of Celiac Disease with Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Kakde Yogesh Kautikrao , Gaidhane Shilpa Abhay , Acharya Sourya , Kumar Sunil , Nimkar Shubham
Published: October 2024

Celiac disease is a unique enteropathic immune disorder and is now considered a distinct disease entity with protein manifestation and worldwide distribution. The deposition of immune complexes in the small intestine could be a possible reason for the extraintestinal autoimmune manifestations of Celiac disease. Pericardial effusion, though rare in adults, is likely a result of these autoimmune disorders related to Celiac disease. In present study case report, the authors present the case of a 67-year-old female patient with generalised oedema, anasarca, and pitting oedema in the lower extremities. Due to multiple episodes of vomiting, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed, which revealed atrophic duodenal mucosa, and duodenal biopsies were taken from the second part of the duodenum (D2 biopsies). The possibility of Celiac disease was considered, and anti-deamidated gliadin peptide, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were sent. Celiac disease was diagnosed based on elevated serum levels of anti-deamidated gliadin peptide, IgA, and IgG antibodies, as well as histologic findings in the small bowel (duodenal biopsies D2). During the thorough evaluation, pericardial effusion was incidentally detected. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which exposure to gluten triggers inflammation in genetically predisposed individuals. The illness is estimated to have a prevalence of 2%, and most affected people remain undiagnosed. Pericardial effusion is a possible manifestation of Celiac disease, but there is currently no evidence that the disease directly causes the effusion.
The Role of Machine Learning in Enhancing Corporate Financial Planning
Authors: Chukwukaelo Uche N. , Igbojioyibo Rapuluchukwu P. , Abu Jacob K.
Published: October 2024

Aim: To examine the role of machine learning in enhancing corporate financial planning.
Problem Statement: In the past, corporate financial planning relied on statistical models and expert judgment which are often constrained by predefined assumptions and historical data. By so doing, they usually struggled to handle the non-linear and dynamic nature of financial markets causing limitations in their responsiveness and predictive power.
Significance of Study: There is need to incorporate machine learning in corporate financial planning to provide a transformative technique via the introduction of advanced algorithms which are capable of analyzing diverse and vast datasets to uncover sophisticated relationships and patterns.
Methodology: Recent relevant published articles in the area of machine learning in enhancing corporate financial planning were consulted. Relevant articles were sourced from the internet using the Google search engine. The abstract of the consulted published articles were thoroughly examined to study their relevance to the subject matter.
Discussion: This review article examines the role of machine learning in enhancing corporate financial planning. It was found that machine learning techniques have crucial roles to play in the context of corporate financial planning via decision-making improvement, risk management, operational efficiency enhancement, fraud detection and enabling personalized experiences. Also, Machine Learning technologies have a wide variety of uses in corporate financial planning which enable banks and insurance companies in delivering tailored experiences that give their customers some preferences. Common identified machine learning approaches in corporate financial planning include predictive analytics, natural language processing, computer vision, reinforcement learning and anomaly detection approaches. Major areas of machine learning application include dynamic pricing and offers; regulatory compliance; personalized customer service; predictive analytics for customer retention; personalized product recommendations and so on. Furthermore, the implementation of Machine Learning (ML) in corporate financial planning and financial services industry provides many chances for enhancing customer experiences, improving efficiency and driving innovation. However, ML poses numerous challenges which should be addressed to attain the complete potential of these technologies.
Conclusion: As technology continues to advance, financial institutions will need to route the challenges of bias mitigation, transparency and regulatory compliance while the ML full potential is equally leveraged. Also, machine learning has the potential to transform corporate financial planning via the provision of more adaptive, accurate and real-time insights.
Corporate Boards and Firm Value: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Shaba Yakubu , Yaaba Baba N.
Published: October 2024

Aim: The basis for the formation of the corporate board is to, among others, give strategic direction to the firm, monitor the activities of the salaried agents and reduce the likelihood of disincentive to investment. The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of corporate boards in relation to the value of firms listed in Nigeria.
Study Design and Methodology: It is a cross-sectional research design that empirically examined the influence of board mechanisms and Tobin’s Q of firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study used annual data of a panel sample of 85 firms from 2004 through 2023, It applied a Generalized Least Squares (GLS) econometric technique.
Place and Duration of Study: This study examined the role of the boards of firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange between 2004 and 2023.
Results: The findings argued in favour of smaller boards, increased board independence and higher market capitalisation since they showed significant improvements in value of the firms in the sample. The findings imply that smaller boards that are highly independent tend to have better corporate governance and thus, superior firm value.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the results advocate that the regulatory agencies and boards of the studied firms enact policies that will encourage minimum board sizes that are sufficiently independent.
The Role of Organic Amendments and Their Impact on Soil Restoration: A Review
Authors: Omokaro Godspower Oke , Osarhiemen Itohanosa Omolara , Idama Vivian , Airueghian Edmond Osemwengie , West Sokari Tomipapamieari , Igbigbi Franklin Endurance , Nnake David Chibuokem , Obolokor Etypo , Ahmed Abdulraheem , Omoshie Vessy Onyeamachi
Published: October 2024

Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a pivotal role in maintaining soil health by enhancing its physical, chemical, and biological properties. It improves soil structure, water retention, nutrient availability, and microbial activity, contributing significantly to sustainable agriculture. Organic amendments, including animal manure, compost, biosolids, crop residues, and various organic by-products, are widely used to restore degraded soils by increasing SOM content. These amendments not only supply essential nutrients but also promote biological aggregation, suppress soil-borne pathogens, and improve soil's resistance to environmental stressors such as drought and heavy metal toxicity. The positive impacts of organic amendments on soil properties are well-documented, with key benefits including increased soil organic carbon (SOC), improved nutrient cycling, enhanced microbial diversity, and greater water-holding capacity. Organic materials such as compost and animal manure have been shown to significantly improve soil fertility and restore degraded soils. The application of green manure and crop residues also boosts soil biodiversity, enhances rhizospheric processes, and supports overall ecosystem resilience. This paper emphasizes the importance of adopting holistic soil management practices that include organic amendments, conservation tillage, and sustainable cropping systems to address soil degradation. By focusing on replenishing SOM, improving nutrient availability, and increasing soil biodiversity, these practices can contribute to the long-term sustainability of agricultural systems and environmental health. The restoration of soil organic matter is essential for enhancing soil quality and mitigating degradation, ultimately ensuring food security and ecosystem stability for future generations.
Influence of Forest Plantation Establishment Schemes on Community Livelihoods: A Case of Makutano Forest Kericho County, Kenya
Authors: Mwaura Nduati Paul , Kagendo Jane , Raphael Kweyu
Published: October 2024

Exploitation of forest resources has been a thorny issue to many countries. In efforts to restore degraded forests, countries have resulted to establishing forest plantations. There is also need to sustain livelihoods of these populations living around forests. Kenya on its part, adopted Plantation Establishment and livelihoods Improvement scheme (PELIS) program as part of participatory Forest management (PFM). PELIS involves the planting of food crops together with tree seedlings. It is however not clear whether balance has been strike between attaining forest cover and improving community livelihoods as was the intent of the program. Consequently, this study sought to shed light on this issue by looking at the influence of forest plantation on community livelihoods.
This study adopted the decentralized forest management theory. Cross-sectional research design was adopted. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed in data collection and analysis. The target population was 1719 which included forest adjacent community (FAC) members, and community based organization (CBO) leaders. From this a sample of 212 was selected. Systematic sampling was used in selecting the households and snowball sampling in selecting the CBO leaders involved in two tire focused group discussion. Questionnaire schedules were prepared to be used among household members.
The findings indicated a significant influence of PELIS on community livelihood (f = 221.642, P=0.000). Those near the forest registered to have derived more economic benefits than those far away from the forest (f= 3.127, P= 0.000). A strong relationship between the frequency of attending CFA and CBO meetings, the level of involvement in decision making and planning of forest activities (B = 3.479, P< 0.05) was noted. The size of land available for cultivation was found to be statistically significant to food security among the community (f= 221.642, P= 0.000). The most important and most utilized forest products were firewood at 95%, fodder at 71% and droppers from tree pruning at 68%. Further research is needed on how more benefits from products like herbs, wild vegetables and honey cold be realized.
N-Acetyl Cysteine and Zinc Sulfate Attenuates Acute Crude Oil-Induced Oxidative Stress and Testicular Structural Damage in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Daubry Tarela Melish Elias , Adienbo Olaghaguo Macstephen , Ovili-Odili Blessing Zeinab , Chinko Bruno Chukwuemeka
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Crude oil toxicity is caused by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and tissue damage. Both natural and synthetic antioxidants have shown potential in reducing the impact of this stress. This study evaluated the protective effects of N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) and Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4) in alleviating testicular cytoarchitectural damage and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats after short-term exposure to Bonny light crude oil (BLCO)
Materials and Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats (180–200g) were divided into ten groups of five. Group I (control) received distilled water, and Group II (negative control) was given BLCO (600mg/kg). Groups III and IV were administered NAC at doses of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg, respectively. Groups V and VI received BLCO (600mg/kg) along with 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg NAC. Groups VII and VIII were treated with ZnSO4 at doses of 0.5mg/kg and 1mg/kg, respectively, while Groups IX and X were given BLCO (600mg/kg) combined with 0.5mg/kg and 1mg/kg ZnSO4. All treatments were administered orally via an orogastric cannula for three weeks. Testicular tissue was assessed by using histopathological examinations. Also, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated by using the ELISA technique.
Results: Exposure to BLCO resulted in a significant increase in MDA and GSH levels and a significant decrease in SOD, CAT and TAC levels in BLO-exposed animals compared to control (P<0.05) which were mitigated by co-treatment with NAC and ZnSO₄. Histological analysis of the testes from rats exposed to BLCO revealed notable alterations in testicular morphology, including interstitial exudate, and atrophic and deteriorated seminiferous tubules which indicate testicular degeneration. However, this was improved on supplementation with NAC and ZnSO₄.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that BLCO-exposed rats experienced toxicity affecting both testicular antioxidants and testicular structure. Our findings suggest that NAC and ZnSO4 protected and improved testicular function in BLCO-exposed rats by enhancing testicular antioxidant levels and cytoarchitecture.
Effects of Weather Conditions on Pod Yield in Groundnut Varieties
Authors: Mote B. M. , Pandey Vyas , Kumar Neeraj
Published: October 2024

Experiments were conducted at the Department of Agricultural Meteorology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the Summer of 2015 and 2016 with four varieties of groundnut (GG-2, GG-20, GJG-31 and TG-26) sown on three different dates to study the effect of weather parameters and agrometeorological indices on pod yield of groundnut. The results of the present investigation indicated that pod yield of groundnut was negatively correlated with maximum, minimum and mean temperature during most of the phenophases except P9 (pod maturity to physiological maturity), where the mean temperature has varied between 32.70C to 35.10C during pod maturity to physiological maturity. In our experiment, we have found that more than 33.90C is required for adequate seed development, resulting in higher test weight and higher pod yield. Agrometeorological indices have a significant and positive correlation with pod yield only during P7 (pod initiation to pod development) phase.
Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees, from Nigeria
Authors: D.A. Apata, , I.A. Owokotomo, , D.M Sanni,
Published: October 2024

The medicinal plant, Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees, used in Nigeria's ethno-medicine, was investigated for its radical scavenging and antimicrobial properties, as well as its phytochemical composition, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. In vitro antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of the whole plant was tested through four different assays: DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and NOx. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of neophthadiene (29.42%), followed by ergost-5-en-3-ol (10.57%), and methyl sterate (7.29%) as the major compounds present in the methanol extract of Andrographis paniculata. The methanol extract showed promising antioxidant activity compared with the reference (ascorbic acid). It was observed that the activity was concentration dependent, and values of 86.12±0.03, 90.18±0.03, 80.20±0.04, and 92.15±0.06 were obtained for DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and NOx, respectively, under the same condition. All the tested bacteria (gram positive and gram negative) were inhibited by the methanol extract of Andrographis paniculata, except Proteus mirabilis, which showed a resistance at lower concentrations (0.25 mg/ml and 0.50 mg/ml). These findings suggest the bioactive potentials of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees, supporting its traditional use in Nigerian ethnomedicine and highlighting potential applications in pharmaceuticals.
Urgent Need for Real Time Web Mapping GIS Applications to Dengue Surveillance for Epidemic Control and Management in India
Authors: Masimalai Palaniyandi
Published: October 2024

Dengue epidemics has been increased both horizontal and vertical structure across the country since 2006, and hence, urgent need for GIS based dengue surveillance for epidemic control and management in the nation. The dengue epidemic cases and the mortality caused by dengue has become essentially public health important in India, and the situation has become worse since 2006. Dengue cases were clinically confirmed with thousands of cases and hundreds of deaths annually. The report of dengue epidemics is becoming daily news nowadays and it was reported from 24 states and Union Territories in India. The spatial and seasonal occurrence of dengue epidemics were reported across the country during the period of April to November annually, however, the vulnerability of epidemics was reported between the periods of mid-July to mid-November of every year. The geo-environmental and climate variables are fuelling to create a conducive environment for profusion of dengue vector mosquitoes Aedes species (Ae. aegypti or Ae. Albopictus). The information relevant to the geographical site specification of dengue vectors breeding habitats, vector abundance, vector density, etc., could be collected using global positioning systems (GPS), and these information are mapped and overlay on the thematic layers of climate variables (Temperature, relative humidity, saturation deficiency and Rainfall) under the geographical information systems (GIS) software platform for spatial analysis (cluster analysis, nearest neighborhood analysis, fussy analysis, probability of maximum and minimum likelihood analysis etc.,) for spatial risk prediction. The Google based internet GIS mapping could be used to embedded web mapping real time situation and updating the information with online data base connectivity (ODBC) within the GIS spatial engine for providing the real time information relevant to the dengue epidemics, and hence, the appropriate precaution measures could be taken to control dengue epidemics in the nation early in advance.
Enhancing Soil Texture and Bulk Density Mapping Using Soil Grids and Machine Learning: A Comparative Analysis with Observed Data
Authors: Ali Aram , Ismael Ismael O. , Mustafa Hewa T. , Krwanji Diman , Esmail Akram O.
Published: October 2024

Digital soil mapping plays a crucial role in understanding soil variability and informing sustainable land management practices. This study focuses on the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), evaluating the accuracy of SoilGrids, a global-scale soil mapping initiative, and exploring the efficacy of machine learning algorithms in refining soil properties estimations. The aim of this research was to assess and represent the physical parameters of soils effectively by comparing ground truth soil sampling data with data obtained from SoilGrids regarding clay, silt, and sand fractions and bulk density. Comparative analyses were conducted between ground truth soil sampling data and SoilGrids predictions, revealing significant differences across soil mineral fractions including clay, silt, sand fractions, and bulk density. The results showed that the mean clay fraction in the ground truth dataset differed notably from SoilGrids estimation, with a Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) of 124.0 g kg-1 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 152.5. However, the integration of machine learning algorithms, particularly the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XG Boost) algorithm, showed promising results in improving accuracy. The XG Boost algorithm exhibited a relatively low MAD of 97.9 g kg-1 for clay fractions, indicating a better approximation of observed values compared to SoilGrids. Significant percent improvements in RMSE and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values were observed across soil fractions and bulk density measurements, ranging from approximately 15% for clay to 35% for sand fractions and 20% for bulk density. These findings highlight the importance of integrating advanced mapping techniques and machine learning algorithms to enhance soil mapping methodologies. Moving forward, efforts to expand ground truth datasets through targeted soil sampling campaigns and develop international collaboration initiatives will be crucial for improving the accuracy and reliability of soil mapping products in the KRI. By incorporating advanced mapping approaches, we can better support sustainable land management practices and environmental conservation efforts in the region.
Screening of Inbred Lines of Maize against Turcicum Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum) under Artificial Epiphytotic Conditions
Authors: M Akshaya , Shanthakumar G , Sridevi O , Harlapur SI , Mallapur CP
Published: October 2024

Aims: Turcicum Leaf Blight (TLB), caused by Exserohilum turcicum, significantly affects maize in Karnataka, leading to yield losses of up to 70% in severe cases. To develop tolerant genotypes against this disease, an experiment was conducted using 100 inbred lines collected from the IMIC maize field day in Hyderabad.
Study Design: Investigation was carried using Randomized complete block design with two replication.
Place and Duration of Study: Maize Research Centre and Seed Farm, Devihosur during kharif-2022.
Methodology: One hundred inbred lines were screened against TLB disease. among them 10 resistant lines were selected based on their maturity, disease reaction, grain yield and per se performance. These inbreds along with the checks (Resistant check CI-4 and Susceptible Check CM-202) were sown in Kharif 2022 at Maize Research Centre and Seed Farm Devihosur, UAS, Dharwad. Artificial inoculation was performed 45 days after sowing in the leaf whorls using infected leaves with TLB and the results were evaluated at the silk drying stage. To assess the disease reaction to TLB, we used 1 to 9 scale as established by the Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana (Anon., 2016). Lines that received disease scores between 1.0 and 3.0 were classified as resistant (R), scores of 4 to 5 as moderately resistant (MR), scores of 6 to 7 as moderately susceptible (MS), and scores of 8 to 9 as susceptible (S).
Results: The performance of these lines were compared with the resistant check CI-4 and susceptible check CM-202. Screening trial revealed that out of hundred inbred lines, eighteen lines Showed highly resistant reaction. This information can be useful for selection of parents and to develop tolerant hybrids in breeding programs or utilize them as source of resistance.
Impact of Germinated off Season Sorghum Dietary on Apparent Digestibility and Small Intestinal Histology of Broilers in Maroua Far North Cameroon
Authors: Narcisse Ledang Tebou , D’Alex Tadondjou Tchingo Cyrille , Lazare Vondou , Justin Barzina , Roland Ziebe , Armand Abdou Bouba
Published: October 2024

In order to find a solution to maize in the composition of poultry feed, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the substitution of maize by germinated off-season sorghum as an alternative energy source on nutrients digestibility and histological of small intestinal of broilers. To achieve this, 180 of the 1-day-old chicks of the "Cobb 500" strain with a live weight of 34g ± 3.26, were randomly divided into 9 batches corresponding to 3 treatments with 3 replicates of 20 subjects. The batches were subjected to one of 3 diets: 100% maize (R0), 50% maize and 50% germinated off-season sorghum (R1) and 100% germinated off-season sorghum (R2). To achieve these objectives at 18 and then at 35 days of age, a total of 36 broilers were used, i.e. 18 in the start-up phase at a rate of 6 subjects per treatment and 18 in the growth/finishing phase at a rate of 6 subjects per treatment and the droppings and feed from digestibility trials; measured apparent digestibility (Ad) for energy, protein, fiber, mineral matter and organic matter; histological studies of the small intestine were performed. Energy, organic matter, mineral matter, proteins and fibres were not significantly influenced by the experimental diets used at the 0.05% threshold for digestibility and the histological sections did not show any structural and morphological alterations. We can therefore conclude that maize can be substituted at 50% and 100% by germinated off-season sorghum without negatively impacting digestibility in broilers at the start, as well as in growth/finishing.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Macropropagation Techniques for Red Banana (Musa acuminata) Using Biocontrol Agents
Authors: J. Harish, , Anandhi,S.  , S. Rageshwari, , N. Ashokkumar, , B. Gopu,
Published: October 2024

The corm propagation is an simple, alternative and cheap technique for Banana multiplication. The study on the effect of biocontrol agents on macropropagation of Banana cv.Red Banana was carried out at SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, Chengalpattu. The decapitated and decorticated corms were exposed to various treatments with combination of sawdust and cocopeat media supplemented with different biofertilizers and biocontrol agents comprising 13 treatments in 3 replication adopting Completely Randomized Design and the data recorded underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA). Among the 13 treatments adopted, Cocopeat + Sawdust (1:1) + VAM (30 g/corm) + Pochonia chlamydosporia (60g/corm) showed significantly best result in terms of number of days taken for primary bud emergence (22.7 days), days taken for secondary bud emergence (46.34 days), days taken for tertiary bud emergence (67.35 days), number of primary buds per corm (1.53), number of secondary buds per corm (3.67), number of tertiary buds per corm (4.33), total number of plantlets per corm (9.54), plant height (73.56 cm) and pseudostem girth (12.34 cm). The next better performance was observed in the treatment Saw dust + VAM (30 g/corm) + Pochonia chlamydosporia (60 g/corm) which recorded early emergence of buds and production of more buds. The cormpropagation approach refined in this work is accessible, necessitating less skill and knowledge, making it appropriate for implementation by farmers at the farm level.
Optimization of Steam Boiler Airflow Control System in a Typical Oil Refinery Power Plant
Authors: Obutor Ejimaji, Ambrose , Ezeofor Chukwunazo J.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents optimization of Steam Boiler Airflow Control System in a Typical Oil Refinery Power Plant. The power plant is equipped with four steam boilers using a damper-louvers airflow control system. Analysis has revealed significant energy wastage due to inefficiency and over-air supply, with the system requiring 59,904,436 kWh annually at a financial cost of N1, 093,255,884. The existing system's inefficiency results in an annual electrical energy waste of 8,502,302 kWh. This inefficiency is attributed to the Force Draft Fan (FDF) motor operating at maximum speed continuously, regardless of the steam profile or airflow requirements. This study aimed at optimizing the steam boiler airflow control system in a typical oil refinery power plant for improved power efficiency, energy conservation, and cost savings citing Port Harcourt Refinery Company (PHRC) at Alesa-Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria.
To address this, the damper-louvers system was replaced with a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD), which would adjust the motor speed to match the required airflow, thereby reducing energy wastage. The process was simulated and VFD/FDF motor analyzed in MATLAB Simulink, determining the optimal speed, airflow, and power requirements. Results obtained show that the VFD control system improves the FDF motor's power efficiency from 47.7% to 85%, with an annual energy saving of 8,502,302 kWh (8.5 GWh). This results in a total cost benefit of N478.18 million annually, representing a 43.8% cost saving. The implementation cost of the VFD infrastructure was estimated at N111, 440,000, with a payback period of approximately eleven months. The findings suggest deployment of higher FDF motor speed ratings to enhance speed control and energy efficiency in Oil refinery power plant.
Enhancing Income for Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) through Ginger Value Addition: Opportunities, Strategies and Market Insights
Authors: Catherine LH Changde , Singh Kangjam Sonamani , Thokchom Rocky , Levish Khumlo , Devi Asem Ameeta
Published: October 2024

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most valuable spices globally, known for its culinary, medicinal, and industrial uses. As a primary cash crop in many regions, it offers substantial income opportunities for smallholder farmers. However, the traditional farming and marketing methods often limit the potential earnings of smallholder farmers. This review explores the concept of value addition in ginger, focussing on post-harvest processing, product diversification, packaging innovations, and market expansion strategies. It further highlights how Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) can leverage these techniques to improve profitability and sustainability. The paper also discusses the challenges faced by FPOs, such as financial constraints and market access barriers, while highlighting opportunities supported by government policies and technological advancements. Advanced processing techniques, improved package, branding, and exploring new markets would achieve profitability and sustainability of FPOs. The reduction of value chain and directly paying to the farmers give opportunity to the consumers to get the ginger products at better prices.
Vendors And Multiple Virtual Stores On Cooperative ECommerce
Authors: Maghinay Arnel C.
Published: October 2024

The Vendors and Multiple Virtual Stores on Cooperative E-Commerce is integrated with the Cooperative Loan Servicing System, Stakeholders Management System, and Events Venue and Hostel Management System. The lack of provisions to offer other services on the side of the customers or buyers can result in less income, resulting in poor scalability of business growth for the grocery store. The researcher gathered data through a series of interviews and by providing questionnaires to the employees and members. Results showed a positive response from employees and members, with strongly Agreed-upon results regarding the system's System Usefulness, Information Quality, and Interface Quality. Using the Vendors and Multiple Virtual Stores on Cooperative ECommerce brought extra income to the Cooperative, which resulted in higher profit. At the same time, it provides convenience to customers by offering other services besides the existing old service, which can result in more customers and lead to higher profits and incomes. Background: A cooperative is an organization run by its members who share the benefits and profits, with productivity enhanced by integrating systems like E-commerce Multi-Store, Hostel Management, Stakeholders Management, and Loan Servicing, along with a Forecasting Model for sales trends. The Internet's evolution has transformed shopping styles, making online shopping increasingly popular and allowing consumers to shop without visiting physical stores. The Vendors and Multiple Virtual Stores on Cooperative E-Commerce aims to address operational issues, expand service reach, and generate additional income for the cooperative and its members by integrating the system into operations. Materials and Methods: The study presents an operational framework encompassing input, process, output, and outcome and emphasizes the use of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) with a focus on prototyping for user feedback and refinement. Data from cooperative members and employees were gathered through interviews and questionnaires, leading to developing, testing, and validating modules for a Cooperative E-Commerce system. Results: The study involved 50 respondents, including 20 cooperative employees and 30 members. The evaluation of system usability through the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) revealed that respondents strongly agreed on the system's usefulness (mean score: 1.29), information quality (mean score: 1.34), and interface quality (mean score: 1.28). High scores indicate that the system is easy to use, provides clear and helpful information, and has a user-friendly interface, contributing to efficient decision-making and competitive advantage for the organization. Conclusion: The integration of Vendors and Multiple Virtual Stores on the Cooperative E-Commerce platform significantly enhances cooperatives' operational efficiency, market reach, and overall business strategy, with respondents rating the system highly for usefulness, information quality, and interface quality