bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The input-output analysis for the wholesale and retail trade industry of the Kazakhstan statistics
Authors: Kerimkhulle Seyit , Saliyeva Ainur , Makhazhanova Ulzhan , Kerimkulov Zhandos , Adalbek Alibek , Taberkhan Roman
Published: March 2023

In this paper has been studied a two-sector input-output model between Wholesale and retail trade industry and Rest of economics. Here, the distribution of the total Input transactions between supply agents of Produce / selling, Gross value added and Import and the distribution of the total Output transactions between Purchase / buying, Final demand and Export consumer agents of the wholesale and retail trade industry create overheating and cooling uncertainty problems of national economy and problems of moderate and critical management of national economy. Particularly identified, – the convergence phase for Produce / selling transactions from 0.577 (or 14.89%) in 1995 to 3.849 U.S. billion dollars (or 14.29%) in 2011 to the state of Equilibrium growth and the divergence phase from 3.779 (or 14.11%) in 2012 to 0.569 U.S. billion dollars (or 3.10%) in 2018 from the state of Equilibrium growth, and also in accordance with the rules of “three sigma” from 24 years of observation in 20 years they were in the cooling zone of the economy beyond the level of critical manageability for flows and for the structure Produce / selling transactions of wholesale and retail trade industry of Kazakhstan economy.
Reduction in the importance of indirect methods of assessing the taxable base in the conditions of digitalization of the economy
Authors: Tsyganov Alexander , Yazykov Andrey , Koshkin Dmitry , Tulenty Dmitry
Published: March 2023

Starting from January 1, 2021, the uniform tax on imputed income (UTII) has been cancelled. According to the Federal Tax Service, 96.2% of the subjects who paid UTII have already chosen an alternative tax regime. At the same time, in society, scientific and professional communities, and among business representatives, there are different points of view on this problem, opinions are expressed about the need to preserve indirect methods for assessing the taxable base, and UTII in particular. The state initially had a plan to abandon UTII and consistently implemented the abandonment of indirect methods of assessing the taxable base, implemented under imputed taxation (UTII), and the transition to fair taxation (STS, CTS) based on real income. The introduction of special tax regimes based on fair taxation has contributed to the growth of tax collections and an increase in the number of business entities that have chosen these regimes. Based on the results of the paper, conclusions are presented that can be used in analyzing the prospects for the development of tax systems.
Metacognitive awareness and understanding of life meanings as a development factors of sustainable behavior
Authors: Belikova Margarita , Pronenko Evgeny
Published: March 2023

Continuing to search for the reasons for the alienation of students from education, we turn to the psychology of meaning by D. A. Leont’ev. It is necessary to consider education in the life of students from the point of view of its life meaning for them. In our opinion, the place and role of education in the lives of students can expand the understanding of psychological science about the reasons for their alienation from education. The sought-for relations of the life meaning of learning with metacognitive awareness will complement the view of the mechanism of formation of students' attitude to education. The results obtained indicate that there are significant direct correlations between the life meaningfulness of education for psychology students and their metacognitive awareness. In addition, according to the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is an inverse relationship between the life meaningfulness of education for psychology students and their level of alienation from education.
Mammakarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: March 2023

Die Therapie des Mammakarzinoms ist Vorreiter für viele innovative Strategien und kann auf teils sehr lange Studienlaufzeiten zurückschauen. Bei der vergangenen Jahrestagung der ESMO veröffentlichte Ergebnisse weisen insbesondere auf die Notwendigkeit eines besseren Verständnisses für den Therapienutzen in Bezug auf Subgruppen hin. Eine indische Studie konnte zudem zeigen, dass auch mit kleinen Änderungen bei der Durchführung etablierter Interventionen eine große Wirkung erzielt werden kann.
Knowledge and Practice of Handwashing by School Students in Kamrup Metropolitan, Assam, India: A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Sharma Pawan , Aggarwal Tanya , Kalita Manoj , Kumar Arvind , Mukherjee Anupam , Chaubey Daulat Kumar
Published: March 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to understand the level of handwashing knowledge, and handwashing practices as well as to determine the availability of handwashing facilities in the schools.

Materials and Methods A survey was conducted on 17th October 2019 to determine the availability of handwashing facilities along with the level of handwashing knowledge and practices among school students of Borsojai High School situated in Kamrup Metropolitan City, Guwahati, Assam. The study population consisted of randomly selected students of 9th and 10th classes during the academic year 2019 to 2020. The quantitative data were analysed using the IBM-SPSS, version 20.0.

Result Fifty-six school students from classes 9 to 10th of mean age 15.53 years participated in the current study. It is evident that school-aged students have sufficient knowledge of handwashing, and they widely recognise the importance of handwashing (94.6%) to prevent diseases (39.3%) and to remove germs (48.2%).

Conclusion To encourage hand hygiene in school students, parents can also be sensitised through the parents teacher meeting. This will improve the health and reduce the absenteeism from school due to infectious diseases.
Homoeopathic Treatment of Submandibular Sialolithiasis with Baryta iodatum: A Case Report
Authors: Kundu Chittaranjan , Ahmed Zeeshan , Barman Jaharlal
Published: March 2023

Introduction Sialolithiasis is the most common cause of salivary gland swelling affecting mostly the parotid, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands in which submandibular gland is most commonly affected. Only a few documented cases with non-surgical management are available on literature search, as surgery is considered to be the mainstay for this clinical condition.

Case Summary A 25-year-old male patient presented with the symptoms of pain and swelling under the right side of the tongue for the past 15 days. The case was diagnosed by X-ray floor of mouth and ultrasonography neck as right submandibular sialolithiasis. His doctor advised him for surgery but he instead preferred to go for homoeopathic treatment. After constructing the totality and repertorisation, homoeopathic medicine Baryta iodatum was prescribed in centesimal potency which resulted in the expulsion of the stone with the improvement in the associated symptoms.

The causal attribution between the homoeopathic intervention and outcome of treatment was assessed by Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy score recorded at the final visit suggestive of a high likelihood that the improvement in the patient may be attributed to the homoeopathic treatment provided.

Conclusion This clinical case report is presented here to show the positive effect of individualised homoeopathic treatment in right submandibular sialolithiasis.
Patient Satisfaction Survey for the Telemedicine Services during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Homoeopathic Research Institutes of West Bengal
Authors: Bhattacharjee Baidurjya , Pal Partha Pratim , Purkait Rajib , Chakraborty Partha Sarathi , Choubey Gurudev
Published: March 2023

Background Telemedicine was relevant mostly for providing healthcare facilities in rural and distant areas before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In India, telemedicine was not ethically and legally recognized until the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In March and April 2020, the councils of different systems of medicine published the ethical guidelines for practicing telemedicine. The mitigation measures and fear of infection resulted in increased availing of the facility by the patients especially those who were already under treatment for chronic diseases. The satisfaction of patients availing of telemedicine is essential for improvising such a method of treatment.

Method A multicentric cross-sectional study was conducted at two homoeopathic research institutes in West Bengal, India. The patients attending the outpatient department of those institutes were offered to avail telemedicine facilities during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic from April to June 2021. The satisfaction of the patient was measured by conducting a telephonic interview, measured on a predefined questionnaire. The calculated sample size was 305 considering the attrition rate of 10%. The sample was selected randomly from the pool of patients who availed of telemedicine during the second wave.

Result In this study, initially 305 patients were contacted for evaluating the satisfaction level of their telehealth consultation, out of which 255 patients consented to participate. The mean score of the overall satisfaction of the patients with the telemedicine session was 7.93 ± 1.51(M ± standard deviation). One sample t-test was conducted for responses to every individual question and was significant (p < 0.001). The subgroup analysis shows that overall satisfaction was significantly different between the two institutes (p = 0.03), but other questions did not show any significant difference.

Conclusion The survey conducted shows high satisfaction among patients availing the telemedicine facilities at the two homoeopathic research institutes.
A Case of Chronic Venous Ulcer Managed with Homoeopathy
Authors: Dixit Ashish Kumar , Giri Nibha
Published: March 2023

A 57-year-old male farmer reported a painful shallow burning ulcer with serosanguinous discharge for 1 year on the lateral malleolus of his right lower limb. In addition, he also had eczema and oedema in the affected limb. On examination, the ulcer was 7 to 8 cm (approximately), with an irregular margin, red and yellow floor; warm, firm, hyperpigmented and non-tender with varicose veins in the surrounding areas. The patient was thermally hot and his main complaints increased at night and subsided with cold application. Based on the complaints presented and the clinical appearance, a diagnosis of a chronic venous ulcer was made. The surgeon had advised surgery. A painful varicose ulcer in the lower extremities that alleviated with cold application and the patient's thermal reaction led to repertorisation of the case and the final selection of Fluoric acid 200 in consultation with the Materia Medica. Medicine was prescribed once a week, thrice a day with the placebo, and this continued for 4 months. Fluoric acid was discontinued after 4 months and the placebo only continued for the next 2 months. After 6 months of regular treatment, the ulcer had healed and the swelling also reduced significantly. The patient was also advised to practice good hygiene, avoid standing for long periods of time, elevate the legs when at rest etc.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy: Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Çelik Tamer , Başpınar Hüseyin
Published: March 2023

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is one of the most common idiopathic (genetic) generalized epilepsy syndromes. It occurs in healthy adolescents and is characterized by the triad of myoclonic jerks, generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCs), and absence seizures. The study's primary aim was to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics, family history of seizure, electroencephalogram findings, treatments, and short-term prognosis of patients diagnosed with JME. Patients diagnosed with JME at the Pediatric Neurology Department of Sağlık Bilimleri University Adana Numune Training and Research Hospitals were enrolled. Thirteen (30%) of 44 patients were male, whereas 31 (70%) were female, with a mean age at diagnosis of 14 ± 1.3 years. In total, 21 patients (48%) had a family history of epilepsy, and 14 patients (32%) had JME in their families. Those having a family history of JME seizures were identified at a younger age. Thirty (68%) patients presented with GTCs, while 14 (32%) presented with myoclonic seizures at the time of diagnosis. In the history, 98% of patients had myoclonus and one patient had an absence seizure. Patients with the first seizure type GTCs were diagnosed later, while patients with myoclonus were diagnosed earlier (p < 0,05). The most precipitating factors for seizures were sleep deprivation and stress. Thirty-eight (86%) of the EEGs recorded during the initial admission was abnormal. Valproic acid was administered to 32 patients (73%), while levetiracetam was administered to 12 patients (27%) as the initial treatment. Forty-one (93%) of the patients exhibited a complete response to the initial medication therapy, while forty (91%) of the patients received monotherapy, and only four (9%) received polytherapy. JME may be well-controlled epilepsy with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. A family history of JME is also common among patients with JME. Patients with the myoclonus as a first seizure type are diagnosed earlier than GTCs because of family awareness. A family history of JME may facilitate the diagnosis of new cases in the family.
Investigation of Oral and Fecal Colonization with Candida Species and Associated Factors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children in Türkiye
Authors: Bilgi Esma Akkoyun , Genç Gonca Erköse , Kara Manolya , Kadayıfçı Eda Kepenekli , Törün Selda Hançerli , Baydemir Canan , Somer Ayper , Ağaçfidan Ali , Erturan Zayre
Published: March 2023

Objective The risk of endogenous infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals increases with Candida species colonized in mouth and intestinal areas. The predisposing factors for colonization and the prevalence of different Candida spp. in HIV-infected Turkish children remain unknown. This study aimed to determine the colonization frequency and risk factors of colonization with Candida species in oral and fecal samples of HIV-infected pediatric patients in relation to a control group.

Methods Oral and feces samples of 22 HIV-infected and 52 healthy children were plated onto CHROMagar and CHROM-Pal-agar. Yeasts were identified by conventional methods, and strains with insufficient identification were identified by molecular techniques.

Results Candida spp. were detected in oral/fecal samples of 50%/68.2% HIV-infected and 36.5%/73.1% healthy children. The most common species was Candida
albicans in oral and fecal samples of HIV-infected (31.8 and 31.8%) and healthy (26.9 and 48.1%) children. The most frequently non-albicans species in oral samples was Candida dubliniensis (18.2%) in HIV-infected children and Candida parapsilosis (3.8%) in healthy children. In feces samples, C. parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei were most frequent (13.6%, each) in HIV-infected patients, and Candida kefyr (11.5%) was most frequent in controls. There was a significant association between oral C. dubliniensis colonization and HIV infection (p = 0.006). Yeast carriage was not associated with gender and viral load in HIV-infected patients.

Conclusion The isolation of C. dubliniensis from oral and fecal samples of pediatric HIV patients was done for the first time in Türkiye in the present study. Additional studies are needed to clarify the factors associated with oral and fecal Candida colonization in these children.
Spontaneous Cervicothoracic Extradural Hematoma with Rare Presentation in Pediatric Patient with Stroke-Like Features in Association with COVID-19, Presenting as Management Dillemma
Authors: Jha Vikas Chandra , Alam Shahnawaz , Jha Neeraj
Published: March 2023

Presentation of cervico-thoracic extradural hematoma in pediatric age is rare with stroke-like features. Its association with COVID-19 in the active stage of the disease had not been reported and its management presents a management dilemma as COVID-19 with stroke-like features.

A 14-year-old boy was referred to our institute with complaints of sudden-onset upper and middle back pain, associated with loss of sensation below the middle of the back, sudden progressive weakness of both lower limbs (power 0/5) and upper limbs (power grade-2/5), and incontinence of urine, following bouts of vomiting 12 days back. There was no history of trauma, bleeding diathesis, etc. Blood investigation was suggestive of leukocytosis, and RT-PCR test for COVID-19 was positive with raised D-dimer, serum ferritin, and C-reactive protein. MRI spine was suggestive of cervicothoracic extradural hematoma extending from C5-D3 level and compressing the spinal cord. The patient refused surgical decompression and was managed conservatively, following which he improved with power grade in limbs to 4/5.

Surgical decompression is the treatment of choice but the patient can sometimes improve on medical management. Association of COVID-19 with spontaneous cervicothoracic extradural hematoma had not been reported earlier in the active stage, but its role in inducing vasculopathy and increased chances of bleeding at the uncommon site had been reported in the literature, and it may precipitate such cervical epidural hematoma.
Electron reflux dynamics in relativistically transparent plasma
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Lu Haiyang , Zhou Cangtao , Zhang Chunxiang , Liao Meihua , Chen Hailong , Zou Zhengyu , Shang Mengchen , Yin Siyuan
Published: March 2023

The electron re-injection effect has revealed the great probability rate of photon generation due to the head-on collision between relativistic electrons and laser. We study the electron re-injection dynamics when the ultra-intense laser irradiates the near-critical-density plasma and successfully controls the photon radiation by means of the transversely tailored plasma. Starting from the relativistic corrected ponderomotive force, the critical strength of the laser field required by the refluxing effect is theoretically obtained. Then, the theoretical description of the wavefront formed by electron refluxing is given via plugging in the difference in the transverse phase velocity of the plasma wave. Simulation results display a curved surface of the refluxing electrons, which are in good agreement with the calculation results stemming from the physics model. The re-built phase space of the refluxing electrons illustrates that they gain energy mainly from the longitudinal electrostatic field on the re-injection path. Despite the energy of the refluxing electron being relatively low, it could radiate more photons via more efficient non-linear Compton scattering than the electron being accelerated in the positive direction. Furthermore, we employ a transverse density profile in the plasma and successfully achieve control of the electron re-injection effect and the properties of the resultant photons as well. Simulation results exhibit that overcritical electron beams are successively re-injected from the plasma density peaks. These backward electrons emit photons along the two maximal plasma densities as they collide with the laser pulse. Although the quality of the photons is not improved, their spatial distribution is changed, which is a big step toward manipulating light sources.
Making Connections: Leopold’s Land Health, Indigenous Ways of Knowing, Social-Ecological Resilience, and One Health
Authors: Berkes Fikret
Published: March 2023

Leopold’s land health concept provides a holistic view of the relationship between human health and ecosystem health. Significantly, a similar view is found in the traditional wisdom of Indigenous peoples, as exemplified by the concept of “healthy country, healthy people”. A contemporary formulation of land health is provided by social-ecological resilience, which refers to integrated complex adaptive systems that include social (human) and ecological (biophysical) subsystems in a two-way feedback relationship. Resilience is dynamic and provides the tools for dealing with change and disasters proactively. Building resilience and using social/institutional learning for adaptive governance are relevant to One Health, as are Indigenous concepts for the maintenance of healthy relationships between humans and the ecosystem.

One Health Impact Statement

The One Health approach centers on the interdependence between the health of humans, animals, and the ecosystem. However, relevant ecosystem concepts have not been developed sufficiently for a comprehensive One Health approach, as pointed out in the editorial by Zinsstag and Crump. The basic idea behind One Health not only goes back many decades in Western science but also to the environmental perception and wisdom of traditional societies. The consideration of these connections is relevant for the development of a solid theoretical basis for One Health.
Effect of variable amplitude on fatigue life of 17CrNi steel beyond 107 cycles
Authors: Nehila Abdelhak , Li Wei
Published: March 2023

To study the effect of the variable amplitude on the carburised 17CrNi high-strength steel, very high cycle fatigue tests were performed on smooth specimens under the stress ratios of 0 and −1. After the experiment, the characteristics of the fracture surfaces were investigated by means of an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Circular-formed marks were found around the inclusion inside the fisheye. Finally, based on five damage models, the fatigue life of the carburised 17CrNi high-strength steel was predicted. The comparison of the calculated lives with the experimental data shows that the modified Miner's criterion is the most accurate and it can adequately characterise the fatigue life of the 17CrNi steel.
Final report of CCQM-K157 for the measurement of the amount of substance of HfO2 expressed as the thickness of nm films
Authors: Kim K J , Yu H , Lee S M , Kwon J H , Ruh H , Radnik J , Archanjo B S , Annese E , Damasceno J C , Achete C A , Yao Y , Ren L , Gao H , Windover D , Matsuzaki H , Azuma Y , Zhang L , Fujimoto T , Jordaan W A , Reed B , Shard A G , Cibik L , Gollwitzer C , Krumrey M
Published: March 2023

Main text

The key comparison CCQM-K157 for the thickness measurement of HfO2 films was performed by the Surface Analysis Working Group (SAWG) of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM). The aim of CCQM-K157 is to establish the measurement traceability and to ensure the equivalency in the measurement capability of national metrology institutes for the thickness measurement of HfO2 films.

In this key comparison, the thicknesses of six HfO2 films with the nominal thickness range from 0.7 nm to 6 nm were compared by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x-ray reflectometry (XRR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and medium energy ion scattering spectrometry (MEIS).

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Rashba spin–orbit coupling induced rectified currents in monolayer graphene with exchange field and sublattice potential
Authors: Chen Liang , Li Feng , Ding Xiao-Ming
Published: March 2023

We investigate the effect of Rashba spin–orbit coupling (RSOC) on photoconductivities of rectified currents in monolayer graphene with exchange field and sublattice potential. The system shows that the photoconductivities of resonant shift and injection current contributions are nonzero, while the photoconductivities of non-resonant shift current contribution are zero. We find that the RSOC induces a warping term, which leads to the nonzero rectified currents. Moreover, the photoconductivities of resonant injection (shift) current contribution are (not) related to the relaxation rate. The similar behavior can be found in other Dirac materials, and our findings provide a way to tune the nonlinear transport properties of Dirac materials.
The internal magnetic field in a ferromagnetic compound Y2Co12P7
Authors: Ohishi Kazuki , Ohta Hiroto , Kato Yusuke , Katori Hiroko Aruga , Forslund Ola K. , Nocerino Elisabetta , Matsubara Nami , Konstantinos Papadopoulos , Johansson Fredrik O. L. , Sassa Yasmine , Månsson Martin , Hitti Bassam , Arseneau Donald , Morris Gerald D. , Brewer Jess H. , Sugiyama Jun
Published: March 2023

The internal magnetic field in a ferromagnetic compound, Y2Co12P7 with T
C = 150 K, was studied with µ
+SR using a powder sample down to 2 K. The wTF-µ
+SR measurements revealed the presence of a sharp magnetic transition at T
C = 151 K, and the ZF-µ
+SR measurements clarified the formation of static magnetic order below T
C. The presence of two muon spin precession signals in the ZF-µ
+SR spectrum below T
C indicates the existence of the two different muon sites in the lattice. By considering the muon sites and local spin densities at the muon sites predicted with DFT calculations, the ordered magnetic moments of Co were successfully determined.
The Site and High Field βNMR Properties of 8Li+ Implanted in α-Al2O3
Authors: MacFarlane W.A. , Shenton J.K. , Salman Z. , Chatzichristos A. , Cortie D.L. , Dehn M. , Fujimoto D. , Karner V.L. , Kiefl R.F. , Koumoulis D. , Levy C.D.P. , McFadden R.M.L. , McKenzie I. , Morris G.D. , Pearson M.R. , Stachura M. , Ticknor J.O.
Published: March 2023

We present high (> 2 T) magnetic field βNMR measurements of 8Li+ implanted in single crystals of sapphire, a commonly used backing material for other samples. From the well-resolved quadrupolar splitting, we extract the electric field gradient (EFG) at the implanted 8Li+ site. Comparison with supercell density functional theory calculations of the EFG allows us to identify the octahedral interstitial site as the most likely candidate. In contrast to the zero field βNQR spectra, where multiple singals are detected, only a single site is evident at high field. We discuss possible explanations for this discrepancy. The spin lattice relaxation is extremely slow (1/T
1 < 0.02 s−1 ) over a broad temperature range from 4 to 300 K, demonstrating that cross relaxation with the 27Al nuclear spins is quenched in such high magnetic fields.
Low Energy Measurements in Low-Energy µSR
Authors: Suter Andreas , Martins Maria Mendes , Ni Xiaojie , Prokscha Thomas , Salman Zaher
Published: March 2023

In the context of µSR studies on magnetic materials in the ordered state, often a strong initial depolarization is found in the zero field spectra. For transverse field measurements this is often referred to as a loss in asymmetry. In case of the low-energy µSR (LE-µSR) setup this needs a more detailed discussion since effects such as time-of-flight distribution of impinging muons, back scattering, and muon reflection will change the spectra at early times and low implantation energies (E < 3keV). These effects are well understood and reproducible allowing to correct for in any given experiment. We will discuss them and show how to correct for in experiments at low implantation energies.
Intensity measurement of the surface muon beam of MELODY
Authors: Lv You , Bao Yu , Fan Ruirui , Jiang Wei , Guo Yuhang , Yu Yuhong , Zhang Yue
Published: March 2023

A Muon station for science, technology and industry project will be constructed at China Spallation Neutron Source. The Phase I project will provide a surface muon beam with a pulse width of 130 ns at a rate over 105
µ+/pulse. Beam intensity is the key design parameter of this project. Accurate measurement of the intensity is also essential for the calibration of the µSR spectrometer. The key to the surface muon intensity measurement is to distinguish background positrons from muons. A double-stacked scintillator detector based on PMT readout scheme has been proposed, which can determine the intensity of muons and background positrons by using pulse shape discrimination method. Detailed description of the detector principle and simulated results will be presented.
In-flight muon spin resonance and muonium interferometry
Authors: Kanda Sohtaro
Published: March 2023

The muon and muonium play a unique role in materials science as a tiny magnetometer and an emulator of hydrogen in matter. However, there are few examples of their application as matter waves. This is because the surface muon and its simple slowing-down in a degrader cannot keep sufficient coherence. Low-energy muons from laser ionization of muonium can be used to obtain slow muonium with small temporal and spatial spread. Like an ordinary atomic interferometer, a muonium interferometer has a variety of potential applications. For example, muonium spectroscopy using interference effects, studies of quantum interference effects such as a measurement of the Berry phase, and precise measurements of fundamental constants will be possible using muonium interferometry. In this contribution, we discuss the in-flight spectroscopy of muonium and the potential of muonium interferometry.
Super-MuSR scientific design: Progress towards a step-change in muon capabilities at ISIS
Authors: Baker P J , Lord J S , Biswas P K , Hillier A D
Published: March 2023

The aim of the Super-MuSR project is to make maximum scientific use of the muons delivered to the MuSR arm of the ISIS muon facility. It will maximise the counting rate by doubling the detector solid angle coverage, increasing the number of detectors, and improving the counting rate of each detector. The beamline will provide switchable pulse slicing and spin rotation to improve the time resolution and make it useful for higher transverse field experiments. Here we report the scientific design of the Super-MuSR spectrometer and beamline.
Magnetic nature of wolframite MgReO4
Authors: Nocerino Elisabetta , Forslund Ola K. , Wang Chennan , Sakurai Hiroya , Elson Frank , Palm Rasmus , Miniotaite Ugne , Ge Yuqing , Sassa Yasmine , Sugiyama Jun , Månsson Martin
Published: March 2023

Rhenium oxides belonging to the family AReO4 where A is a metal cation, exhibit interesting electronic and magnetic properties. In this study we have utilized the muon spin rotation/relaxation (µ
+SR) technique to study the magnetic properties of the MgReO4 compound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation reported on this interesting material, that is stabilized in a wolframite crystal structure using a special high-pressure synthesis technique. Bulk magnetic studies show the onset of an antiferromagnetic (AF) long range order, or a possible singlet spin state at T
C1 ≈ 90 K, with a subtle second high-temperature transition at T
C2 ≈ 280 K. Both transitions are also confirmed by heat capacity (Cp
) measurements. From our µ
+SR measurements, it is clear that the sample enters an AF order below T
C1 = T
N ≈ 85 K. We find no evidence of magnetic signal above T
N, which indicates that T
C2 is likely linked to a structural transition. Further, via sensitive zero field (ZF) µ
+SR measurements we find evidence of a spin reorientation at T
Cant ≈ 65 K. This points towards a transition from a collinear AF into a canted AF order at low temperature, which is proposed to be driven by competing magnetic interactions.
Search for a space charge layer in thin film battery materials with low-energy muons
Authors: Sugiyama Jun , Nocerino Elisabetta , Forslund Ola K. , Sassa Yasmine , Månsson Martin , Kobayashi Shigeru , Nishio Kazunori , Hitosugi Taro , Suter Andreas , Prokscha Thomas
Published: March 2023

In an all solid state Li-ion battery, it is crucial to reduce ionic resistivity at the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte in order to enhance Li+ mobility across the interface. Recent first principles calculations predict the presence of a space-charge layer (SCL) at the interface due to the difference in the Li+ chemical potential at the interface between two different materials, as in the metal-semiconductor junction in electronic devices. However, the presence of SCL has never been experimentally observed. Our first attempt in a fresh multilayer sample, Cu(10 nm)/Li3PO4(50 nm)/LiCoO2(100 nm) on a sapphire substrate, with low-energy µ
+SR (LE µ
+SR) revealed a gradual change in the nuclear magnetic field distribution width as a function of implantation depth even across the interface between Li3PO4 and LiCoO2. This implies that the change in the field distribution width at SCL of the sample is too small to be detected by LE µ
+SR.
Muonium reaction in semiconductors and insulators: The role of the transition state
Authors: Vilão Rui C , Alberto Helena V , Ribeiro Eduardo F M , Gil João M , Weidinger Alois
Published: March 2023

A general scheme for the reaction of muonium with the host lattice of semiconductors and insulators is derived. We begin our considerations when the muonium has been slowed down to a kinetic energy of one to a few eV, an energy at which electron excitations across the band gap are no longer possible and the subsequent deceleration is due to elastic or inelastic processes. Elastic scattering causes energy loss in small portions, on the order of 1 ‰ of kinetic energy per scattering, and eventually leads to atomic muonium at an interstitial site. At these low energies, however, the muonium may stay at one site long enough, especially at the top of the diffusion barrier, to excite a local vibration of the nearest lattice atoms, e.g., a stretching or breathing mode, leading to the stopping of muonium. The configuration formed after the excitation of the local phonon is designated “transition state”. This state may exist for some time and may be seen in /µSR as a fast relaxing diamagnetic signal. The decay of the transition state may lead either to interstitial atomic muonium or to a bound configuration in the neutral or positive charge state. In the present paper we apply this model to Al2O3 and to a Ge-rich SiGe alloy.
3D nanofiber sponge with dimethyloxaloglycine-loaded Prussian blue analogue microspheres to promote wound healing
Authors: Chen Jiatian , Huang Zihang , Wu Xiaotong , Xia Dan , Chen Ziyu , Wang Donghui , Liang Chunyong , Li Jinhua
Published: March 2023

The fabrication of functional wound dressing for effective hemostasis, anti-inflammation as well as angiogenesis is of vital importance. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber sponge with dimethyloxaloglycine (DMOG) loaded mesoporous spheres of derivatives of Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) was prepared (3D-PBAFeCo-DMOG). The nanostructure, composition, and mechanical properties of 3D-PBAFeCo-DMOG were characterized, showing regular nanostructure and good mechanical property. The behavior of in vitro drug release showed the DMOG could achieve long-term and stable release by encapsulating in PBAFeCo microspheres and nanofibers. In vitro coagulation experiments showed that 3D-PBAFeCo-DMOG had effective hemostasis and clotting capacities. In addition, the antioxidant capacity and cell compatibility of 3D-PBAFeCo-DMOG were confirmed. These results indicate that 3D-PBAFeCo-DMOG nanofiber sponge, as a controlled drug release system, may provide a new strategy for promoting angiogenesis and wound healing for clinical applications.
Electrocaloric effect in BaTiO3 multilayer capacitors with first-order phase transitions
Authors: Li Junning , Torelló Alvar , Nouchokgwe Youri , Granzow Torsten , Kovacova Veronika , Hirose Sakyo , Defay Emmanuel
Published: March 2023

Electrocaloric (EC) materials, presenting large adiabatic temperature change or isothermal entropy change under the application (or removal) of electric fields, offer an efficient alternative to caloric heat pumps for replacing hazardous gases used in traditional vapor-compression systems. Recently, a large EC temperature change of 5.5 K have been reported in Pb(Sc0.5Ta0.5)O3 multilayer ceramic capacitors (Nair et al 2019 Nature
575 468) thanks to its strong first-order phase transition and a temperature span of 13 K has been reported in a prototype based on these capacitors (Torelló et al 2020 Science
370 125). However, the toxicity of lead forces researchers to find eco-friendly materials exhibiting competitive EC performances. Here, we study the EC effect in lead-free BaTiO3 multilayer capacitors using an infrared camera. Unlike commercial BaTiO3 capacitors, we prepared our samples without sacrifying the first-order phase transition in BaTiO3 while a low amount of 0.2 mol% Mn was added as an acceptor dopant to improve electrical resistivity. Their EC adiabatic temperature variations show two peaks versus temperature, which match BaTiO3 two first-order phase transitions, as observed by differential scanning calorimetry. We measured a temperature drop of ∼0.9 K over a temperature range of 70 K under 170 kV cm−1, starting at 30 °C near the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transition. Under the same electric field, a maximum temperature change of 2.4 K was recorded at 126 °C, at BaTiO3’s Curie temperature. Our findings suggest that further optimized BaTiO3 capacitors could offer a path for designing lead-free caloric cooling prototypes.
A version of Krust’s theorem for anisotropic minimal surfaces
Authors: Palmer Bennett
Published: March 2023

We generalize Krust’s theorem to an anisotropic setting by showing the following. If

Σ
\Sigma

is an anisotropic minimal surface in an axially symmetric normed linear space which is a graph over a convex domain contained in a plane orthogonal to the axis of symmetry, then its conjugate anisotropic minimal surface must also be a graph.

We also generalize a reflection principle of Lawson relating symmetries of an anisotropic minimal surface with symmetries of its conjugate surface.
Caring for People With Depression: Costs Among 43 Million Commercially Insured Patients With or Without Comorbid Illnesses
Authors: Glassman Jill R , Jauregui Adam , Milstein Arnold , Kaplan Robert M
Published: March 2023

Background

Depression is a common comorbidity for patients with chronic medical conditions. Although the costs of treating chronic medical illness in combination with depression are believed to be significantly higher than the costs of treating each condition independently, few studies have formally modeled the cost consequences of mental health comorbidity.

Purpose

To estimate the relative magnitude of the independent and synergistic contributions to health care costs from depression diagnosis and other chronic physical health conditions.

Methods

Cross-sectional, observational study using all individuals >18 years of age in the national Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) Axis claims database (N = 43,872,144) from calendar year 2018. General linear models with and without interaction terms were used to assess the relative magnitude of independent and synergistic contributions to total annual health care costs of depression alone and in combination with coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes (both types 1 and 2), hypertension, and arthritis.

Results

The incremental annual cost associated with having a diagnosis of depression was $2,951 compared to $1,986–$6,251 for the other chronic physical conditions. The interaction between depression and chronic conditions accounted for less than one-hundredth of the amount of variation in costs explained by the main effects of depression and each chronic physical condition.

Conclusions

The independent increase in total annual health care costs associated with a depression diagnosis was comparable to that of many common physical chronic conditions. This finding underscores the importance of health care service and payment models that acknowledge depression as an equal contributor to overall health care costs. The combination of depression and another chronic condition did not synergistically increase total annual health care costs beyond the increases in costs associated with each condition independently. This finding has implications for simplifying risk adjustment models.
The Relations Between an Inventory-Based Measure of Executive Function and Impulsivity Factors in Alcohol- and Cannabis-Relevant Outcomes
Authors: Cooke Jeffrey T , Schmidt Adam T , Garos Sheila , Littlefield Andrew K
Published: March 2023

Objective

While the lack of relation between performance- and inventory-based executive function (EF) measures is well documented, there remains ambiguity between self-report EFs and closely related constructs (e.g., impulsivity) assessed via the same method. The degree of convergence between purported EF measures with similar yet distinct constructs contain important theoretical implications for available EF assessment strategies and their construct validity. A newer measure of EF, the Behavior Regulation Inventory of Executive Functions—Adult (BRIEF-A), allows for more direct comparisons to self-reported measures of impulsivity, such as the commonly used Urgency, Planning, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking—Positive Urgency (UPPS-P) assessment.

Method

The present study used factor analysis and hierarchical regression to explore the associations between the BRIEF-A and UPPS-P, using alcohol and cannabis consumption across various outcomes (i.e., quantity-frequency and consequences) as an external criterion. Participants were 339 undergraduate students (Mage = 19.35; Female = 63%) from a large southwestern university.

Results

The BRIEF-A and UPPS-P demonstrated strong correlations at both higher- and lower order facets. While the BRIEF-A was a significant correlate to many substance use outcomes, these relations were generally weaker than those seen with the UPPS-P. Hierarchical regression suggested limited contributions of the BRIEF-A over and above the UPPS-P.

Conclusions

Overall, this study suggested substantial overlap between impulsigenic factors and EFs when measured by self-report, and limited utility of EF measures to account for unique variance with substance use outcomes in this sample.
Temporal stability and directional change in a color cline of a marine snail from NW Spain
Authors: Gefaell Juan , Vigo Ramón , González-Vázquez A Honorato , Galindo Juan , Rolán-Alvarez Emilio
Published: March 2023

The evolution and maintenance of color clines is a classic topic of research in evolutionary ecology. However, studies analyzing the temporal dynamics of such clines are much less frequent, due to the difficulty of obtaining reliable data about past color distributions along environmental gradients. In this article, we describe a case of decades-long temporal stability and directional change in a color cline of the marine snail Littorina saxatilis along the coastal inlet of the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain). L. saxatilis from this area shows a clear color cline with 3 distinct areas from the innermost to the more wave-exposed localities of the Ría: the inner, protected localities show an abundance of fawn-like individuals; the intermediate localities show a high diversity of colors; and the outer, wave-exposed localities show populations with a high frequency of a black and lineated morph. We compare data from the 1970s and 2022 in the same localities, showing that the cline has kept relatively stable for at least over half a century, except for some directional change and local variability in the frequency of certain morphs. Multiple regression analyses and biodiversity measures are presented to provide clues into the selective pressures that might be involved in the maintenance of this color cline. Future research avenues to properly test the explanatory power of these selective agents as well as the possible origins of the cline are discussed.
Glucocorticoid receptor polymorphismBclI with increased glucocorticoid sensitivity has a positive influence on quality of life in endogenous Cushing's syndrome in remission
Authors: Feldkamp Lara , Müller Lisa , Deutschbein Timo , Detomas Mario , Hahner Stefanie , Strasburger Christian J , Künzel Heike , Oßwald Andrea , Braun Leah , Rubinstein German , Reincke Martin , Quinkler Marcus , Kienitz Tina
Published: March 2023

Context

Patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) may suffer from a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms leading to impaired quality of life (QoL).

Objective

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphisms are associated with increased (BclI and N363S) or decreased (A3669G and ER22/23EK) GR sensitivity.

Hypothesis

GR genotypes may modulate and affect QoL and recovery after remission differently via GR sensitivity.

Methods

295 patients with endogenous CS (81 active, 214 in remission) from 3 centers of the German Cushing's Registry were included for the cross-sectional analysis. All subjects were assessed with three questionnaires (CushingQoL, Tuebingen CD-25, SF-36). For the longitudinal part, 120 patients of them were analyzed at baseline and after 1.5 ± 0.9 yrs of follow-up. DNA samples were obtained from peripheral blood leukocytes for GR genotyping.

Results

Patients in remission scored significantly better than patients with active CS in the CushingQoL questionnaire and in the SF-36 sub-categories physical and social functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, and vitality. In cross-sectional analysis, no differences in QoL between minor allele and wildtype carriers were detected for all polymorphisms in active or cured CS. In longitudinal analysis, however, carriers with BclI minor allele showed significant improvement in SF-36 sub-categories vitality (P = .038) and mental health (P = .013) compared to wildtype carriers (active CS at baseline vs. CS in remission at follow-up). The outcome of the two questionnaires CushingQoL and Tuebingen CD-25 improved significantly in both wildtype and minor allele carriers.

Conclusion

BclI minor allele carriers initially had the lowest QoL but recovered better from impaired QoL than wildtype carriers.
Macroecological diversification of ants is linked to angiosperm evolution
Authors: Nelsen Matthew P , Moreau Corrie S , Kevin Boyce C , Ree Richard H
Published: March 2023

Ants are abundant, diverse, and occupy nearly all habitats and regions of the world. Previous work has demonstrated that ant diversification coincided with the rise of the angiosperms, and that several plant traits evolved as ants began to expand their nesting and foraging habits. In this study, we investigate whether associations with plants enabled niche expansion and are linked to climatic niche evolution in ants. Our analysis of over 1,400 ant species reveals that ancestral expansion from forest floors into the canopy and out into non-forested habitats closely followed evolutionary innovations in angiosperms. Several Paleogene-Neogene ant lineages independently diversified in non-forested habitats on multiple continents, tracking the evolution and expansion of elaiosome-bearing and arid-adapted angiosperms. The evolution of arboreal nesting tracked shifts in angiosperm physiology associated with the onset of everwet tropical rainforests, and climatic optima and rates of climatic niche evolution were linked to nesting location, with arboreally nesting groups having warmer and less seasonal climatic optima, and lower rates of climatic niche evolution. Our work further underscores the varied paths by which niche diversification occurred in ants, and how angiosperms influenced the ecological and evolutionary trajectories of interacting lineages.