bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Plasma Aldosterone Predicts Complete Remission of Type 2 Diabetes after Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Ohira Masahiro , Abe Kazuki , Yamaguchi Takashi , Onda Hiroki , Yamaoka Shuhei , Nakamura Shoko , Tanaka Shou , Watanabe Yasuhiro , Nabekura Taiki , Oshiro Takashi , Nagayama Daiji , Saiki Atsuhito , Tatsuno Ichiro
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Bariatric surgery (BS) has beneficial effects on body weight and type 2 diabetes. However, 44–52%, 20–40%, and 19–25% of patients with type 2 diabetes who undergo sleeve gastrectomy, sleeve gastrectomy with duodenal-jejunal bypass, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, respectively, show insufficient improvement 1 year after BS. It is thus important to predict the improvement in type 2 diabetes before BS. Many hormones are related to hyperglycemia. However, the relationship between hormones and improvement in type 2 diabetes after BS has not been studied. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the improvement in type 2 diabetes and hormones in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes who underwent BS. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 79 patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes who underwent BS, with a follow-up period of 12 months. We analyzed the relationship between some clinical parameters and complete remission (CR) of type 2 diabetes after BS. Patients were divided into two groups (type 2 diabetes CR and non-CR). Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the parameters associated with type 2 diabetes resolution after BS. Results: BS significantly improved body weight and glucose metabolism. Preoperative liver function, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin secretion (homeostatic model assessment [HOMA]2-%B), renin activity, plasma aldosterone level, and duration of type 2 diabetes were significantly different between the CR and non-CR groups. Multiple regression analysis showed that preoperative HbA1c, HOMA2-%B, aldosterone concentration, and duration of type 2 diabetes were predictors of CR of type 2 diabetes after BS. Plasma aldosterone was the strongest predictor. Discussion/Conclusion: Preoperative plasma aldosterone levels were related to the CR of type 2 diabetes after BS. Measuring plasma aldosterone levels preoperatively is useful for predicting the CR of type 2 diabetes after BS.
Do contrato sexual ao reconhecimento: repensando a prostituição por um olhar teórico-crítico
Authors: Guima Tarine , Lamas Thaís de Almeida
Published: January 2022

A partir de um breve panorama das críticas do socialismo clássico à prostituição, discutindo a pauta “abolicionista”, propomos uma forma, entre as várias possíveis, de dar continuidade a esses argumentos no âmbito da teoria política contemporânea. O que fazemos é colocar duas autoras socialistas, a princípio dissidentes, em diálogo para analisar o fenômeno da prostituição: 1. Apresentamos a concepção de Carole Pateman sobre a prostituição. 2. Acatamos a crítica de Nancy Fraser ao modelo de Pateman, e utilizamos sua própria teoria crítica da justiça para analisar a questão da prostituição, explorando possíveis aproximações e distanciamentos entre ambas. 3. Apontamos para um possível caminho de se “ler” a prostituição, pelas chaves dos critérios de justiça do reconhecimento e da redistribuição. 4. Buscamos, em suma, reivindicar o papel da teoria política em discutir temas caros ao feminismo, como o da prostituição, tentando contribuir com a abertura e a continuidade dessas discussões nessa área disciplinar.
Las mujeres en Lefebvre: por una relectura del espacio urbano desde los feminismos marxistas
Authors: Aladro Almendra
Published: January 2022

Este artículo propone revisitar el espacio social conceptualizado en la obra del sociólogo francés Henri Lefebvre desde una visión unitaria de la explotación capitalista y la opresión de la mujer. Para ello, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica para tender puentes entre una de las nociones más significativas de las luchas por los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales en América Latina y una teoría que, habiendo iniciado sus pasos tímidamente hacia finales de la década del 70, renace en la actualidad frente a propuestas teóricas que excluyen de sus análisis de género la cuestión de clase.
Se discurre a través del obrerismo de Federici para rescatar sus aportes en relación a la conformación de las ciudades durante la transición capitalista y el proceso de expulsión y pauperización social de las mujeres, mientras que se prefiere la Teoría de la Reproducción Social para lograr un marco analítico que permita dar cuenta del fenómeno urbano contemporáneo y el lugar de las mujeres en él.
Se concluye que el razonamiento de Lefebvre, además de caer en preconceptos típicos de su época en relación a las reivindicaciones de las mujeres, utiliza un concepto muy amplio de reproducción social que lo hace perder de vista su importancia para el capital en igualdad con la producción de mercancías. La complementación de la teoría lefebvriana con los aportes de los feminismos marxistas, entonces, facilitan el entendimiento del lugar histórico de las mujeres como primeras desposeídas de lo urbano y su rol actual en el despliegue de estrategias colectivas de reproducción social que significan una apropiación del espacio abstracto que le gana terreno tanto a su pérdida histórica de status como a la lógica contemporánea del capital.
Horror noire: a representação negra no cinema de terror
Authors: Medeiros Daniel Lucas de
Published: January 2022

RESUMO (RESENHA): COLEMAN, Robin R. Means. Horror noire: a representação negra no cinema de terror. Tradução: Jim Anotsu. Rio de Janeiro: Darkside Books, 2019. 464 p.
Perfil tensivo e estratégias de construção da tensão em “O barril de Amontillado”, de Edgar Allan Poe
Authors: Almeida Dayane Celestino de
Published: January 2022

A leitura de textos de terror/horror costuma fazer emergir comentários em torno da “tensão” que emana desses textos. Mas o que é a esta tensão em um texto? Ou melhor: por meio de que mecanismos, se constrói a tensão dentro de uma obra? É possível reconhecer um percurso, um “esqueleto” tensivo, com momentos de atenuação ou exacerbação da tensão, por trás de um texto? Este artigo procura responder a essas perguntas a partir da análise do conto “O barril de Amontillado”, de Edgar Allan Poe, tomando como base teórico-metodológica a semiótica tensiva.
Time oddity: paradoxes and the gothic
Authors: Rocatelli Vinicius Bril , Rossi Cido
Published: January 2022

From the Post-structuralist perspective of the hybridity of genre-modes, this article’s goal is to explore the connection between Science Fiction and the Gothic; more specifically, from Brian Aldiss and David Wingrove’s idea, in Trillion Year Spree (1986), that Science Fiction is created by the Gothic, we tried to argue that Science Fiction can also create the Gothic. Explicitly, we argued that, through the paradoxes of narratives that work with the concept of non-linear Time Travel, Science Fiction creates Gothic effects and leads to Gothic results, once the very idea of the paradox already is inherently reactionary to the Enlightenment’s scientism and rationalism and, therefore, Gothic in its very uncanny conception.
Editorial
Authors: Cunha Maria Zilda , Thomaz Nathália Xavier , Nestarez Oscar , Iannace Ricardo
Published: January 2022

Créditos
Sumário 
Editorial
Las primeras traducciones directas de literatura rusa en Argentina. El caso de Benjamin Abramson en la revista Claridad
Authors: Brunelli Florencia García
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo se propone como objetivo general contribuir al conocimiento de la historia de la traducción editorial de literatura rusa en Argentina en la primera mitad del siglo XX a partir del caso de la editorial Claridad. El objetivo específico es identificar y describir las prácticas traductoras (estrategias de traducción y criterios de selección) y las ideas acerca de la traducción del emigrado ruso Benjamin Abramson en Claridad, revista publicada por la editorial entre 1926 y 1941. Asimismo, se intenta explicar el modo en que las prácticas de traducción se relacionan con el posicionamiento ideológico del traductor en el marco de los principales debates políticos y literarios de izquierda llevados a cabo en la revista.
Ser ou não ser armorial: uma enquete virtual
Authors: Santos Marília
Published: January 2022

O Movimento Armorial foi estreiado em 18 de outubro de 1970. Ele tinha como objetivo criar uma arte “erudita” autenticamente brasileira, baseada no Barroco Ibérico e nas culturas populares do interior do Nordeste do Brasil. Foi liderado por Ariano Suassuna e composto por artistas e intelectuais do Nordeste. Após mais de 50 anos, seus ecos continuam aparecendo de várias formas nas cenas culturais, intelectuais e artísticas do país. E a música tem sido uma das expressões que mais se destaca. Entre 2015.2 e 2017.1 fiz uma pesquisa, com o objetivo de estudar e analisar as influências e repercussão do armorial na música “pernambucana” atual. Dentre os procedimentos metodológicos, realizei um questionário com ouvintes/receptores, para entender melhor a abrangência da música armorial e seus ecos. O objetivo desse trabalho é disponibilizar esse material dos/as ouvintes, para que estudiosos/as e pesquisadores/as possam utilizá-lo, pois no processo criativo o receptor é de fundamental importância.
Reprodução musical: um diálogo sobre interpretação musical em Schönberg, Kolisch e Adorno
Authors: Penteado Vinícius Benalia , Videira Mario
Published: January 2022

Neste artigo propomos um diálogo entre as teorias de interpretação musical de Arnold Schönberg, Theodor Adorno e Rudolf Kolisch. Nos ensaios de Schönberg, temos os esboços de uma teoria que nunca se completou, assim como nos trabalhos sobre este tema dos outros dois autores aqui mencionados. Assim, o presente trabalho se organiza em três grandes partes: 1) a delimitação histórica do termo reprodução musical; 2) a relação entre o intérprete e a obra, abordando as questões de objetividade e subjetividade; e 3) a perspectiva de uma resolução interpretativa definitiva da obra em questão: a reprodução verdadeira e a morte da obra.
TARA: Training and Representation Alteration for AI Fairness and Domain Generalization
Authors: Paul William , Hadzic Armin , Joshi Neil , Alajaji Fady , Burlina Philippe
Published: January 2022

We propose a novel method for enforcing AI fairness with respect to protected or sensitive factors. This method uses a dual strategy performing training and representation alteration (TARA) for the mitigation of prominent causes of AI bias. It includes the use of representation learning alteration via adversarial independence to suppress the bias-inducing dependence of the data representation from protected factors and training set alteration via intelligent augmentation to address bias-causing data imbalance by using generative models that allow the fine control of sensitive factors related to underrepresented populations via domain adaptation and latent space manipulation. When testing our methods on image analytics, experiments demonstrate that TARA significantly or fully debiases baseline models while outperforming competing debiasing methods that have the same amount of information—for example, with (% overall accuracy, % accuracy gap) = (78.8, 0.5) versus the baseline method's score of (71.8, 10.5) for Eye-PACS, and (73.7, 11.8) versus (69.1, 21.7) for CelebA. Furthermore, recognizing certain limitations in current metrics used for assessing debiasing performance, we propose novel conjunctive debiasing metrics. Our experiments also demonstrate the ability of these novel metrics in assessing the Pareto efficiency of the proposed methods.
Active Classification With Uncertainty Comparison Queries
Authors: Cui Zhenghang , Sato Issei
Published: January 2022

Noisy pairwise comparison feedback has been incorporated to improve the overall query complexity of interactively learning binary classifiers. The positivity comparison oracle is extensively used to provide feedback on which is more likely to be positive in a pair of data points. Because it is impossible to determine accurate labels using this oracle alone without knowing the classification threshold, existing methods still rely on the traditional explicit labeling oracle, which explicitly answers the label given a data point. The current method conducts sorting on all data points and uses explicit labeling oracle to find the classification threshold. However, it has two drawbacks: (1) it needs unnecessary sorting for label inference and (2) it naively adapts quick sort to noisy feedback. In order to avoid these inefficiencies and acquire information of the classification threshold at the same time, we propose a new pairwise comparison oracle concerning uncertainties. This oracle answers which one has higher uncertainty given a pair of data points. We then propose an efficient adaptive labeling algorithm to take advantage of the proposed oracle. In addition, we address the situation where the labeling budget is insufficient compared to the data set size. Furthermore, we confirm the feasibility of the proposed oracle and the performance of the proposed algorithm theoretically and empirically.
The 1994 Positive Indian Ocean Dipole Event as Investigated by the Transfer Routes of Oceanic Wave Energy
Authors: Li Zimeng , Aiki Hidenori
Published: January 2022

The present study investigates the interannual variability of the tropical Indian Ocean (IO) based on the transfer routes of wave energy in a set of 61-yr hindcast experiments using a linear ocean model. To understand the basic feature of the IO dipole mode, this paper focuses on the 1994 pure positive event. Two sets of westward transfer episodes in the energy flux associated with Rossby waves (RWs) are identified along the equator during 1994. One set represents the same phase speed as the linear theory of equatorial RWs, while the other set is slightly slower than the theoretical phase speed. The first set originates from the reflection of equatorial Kelvin waves at the eastern boundary of the IO. On the other hand, the second set is found to be associated with off-equatorial RWs generated by southeasterly winds in the southeastern IO, which may account for the appearance of the slower group velocity. A combined empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of energy-flux streamfunction and potential reveals the intense westward signals of energy flux are attributed to off-equatorial RWs associated with predominant wind input in the southeastern IO corresponding to the positive IO dipole event.

Significance Statement

The present study gains a new insight into the mechanism of the Indian Ocean dipole events using a new diagnostic scheme for wave energy based on 61-yr hindcast experiments. The results have shown the existence of two sets of westward transfer of wave energy at the equator during 1994. One set of westward signals shows the same group velocity with theoretical equatorial Rossby waves that appear reasonably along the equator. The other set of westward signals at the equator represents a slightly slower group velocity than the theoretical equatorial Rossby waves, which is associated with abnormally extended southeasterly winds during the Indian Ocean dipole event.
Issues in the Professional Preparation of Secondary School Special Educators
Authors: Miller Sidney R. , Sabatino David A. , Larsen Roger P.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to contrast university views with those of practitioners in defining professional preparation program efforts for secondary special educators. The impetus for the study was the paucity of secondary special education preparation programs (distinct from elementary, with clearly identifiable course patterns] in university catalog copy in the six states that comprise the US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare's Region Five.

Discrepancies were noted between administrators in local education agencies and those in universities on three issues: fa) the preparation of secondary special educators in language remediation, (b) the restructuring of the standard K-12 teaching certificate into a K-6 and 7–12 licensure, and (c) the identification of teaching competencies necessary to the successful implementation of mainstreaming.
Algorithmic governmentality and the space of ethics: Examples from ‘People Analytics’
Authors: Weiskopf Richard , Hansen Hans Kause
Published: January 2022

Does human reflexivity disappear as datafication and automation expand and machines take over decision making? In trying to find answers to this question, we take our lead from recent debates about People Analytics and analyze how the use of algorithmically driven digital technologies like facial recognition and drones in work-organizations and societies at large shape the conditions of ethical conduct. Linking the concepts of algorithmic governmentality and space of ethics, we analyze how such technologies come to form part of governing practices in specific contexts. We conclude that datafication and automation have huge implications for human reflexivity and the capacity to enact responsibility in decision making. But that itself does not mean that the space for ethical conduct disappears, which is the impression left in some literatures, but rather that is modified and (re) constituted in the interplay of mechanisms of closure (like automating decision making, black boxing and circumventing reflexivity), and opening (such as disclosing contingent values and interests in processes of problematization, contestation and resistance). We suggest that future research investigates in more detail the dynamics of closure and opening in empirical studies of the use and effects of algorithmically driven digital technologies in organizations and societies.
Maladaptive and Adaptive Cognitions About the Self and Others: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Brief Core Schemas Scales
Authors: Faustino Bruno
Published: January 2022

The presence of dysfunctional cognitions about how individuals see themselves and others is a hallmark of psychopathology. The Brief Core Schemas Scale (BCSS) was developed to evaluate adaptive and dysfunctional beliefs about the self and others. This study describes the first psychometric analysis of the BCSS in the Portuguese population. Participants were recruited from community ( N = 320, Mage=27.31, DP = 12.75). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the BCSS factorial structure. Four-factor model revealed moderate to adequate goodness-of-fit indices (χ2/df = 717.1, (246) p = .01; SRMR = .044; RMSEA = .077; CFI/TLI < .90). Negative views of the self and others correlated positively with early maladaptive schemas, distress, and symptomatology and correlated negatively with psychological well-being. An inversed correlational pattern was found with the positive views of the self and others. Despite the model's moderate adherence to the data, results suggest that the BCSS may be an asset in the assessment of dysfunctional and adaptive cognitions about the self and others. Further analysis is required to deepen the psychometric properties of the BCSS in the Portuguese population.
Academic Orientation as a Function of Moral Fit: The Role of Individualizing Morality
Authors: Goff Kerby , Silver Eric , Sigfusdottir Inga Dora
Published: January 2022

Researchers have studied academic orientation—students’ valuing of and commitment to education—as in part a function of a cultural fit between students’ cultural capital, competencies, identity, and the institutional culture of the education system. Recent research on students’ aspirations and commitment highlights the moral undertones of such cultural fit. Scholars have identified the perceived moral connotations of becoming “an educated person” and illustrated how students’ academic orientation may be intertwined with the unique moral culture of the education system. Neoinstitutional scholars have examined modern education systems’ emphasis on an individualizing type of moral culture, that is, an institutional moral culture emphasizing individual autonomy, rights, and achievement over traditional mores, knowledge, and social hierarchies. Scholars have yet to bridge these streams of research by examining the link between students’ personal moral culture and the institutional moral culture of education systems. In this study, we consider whether students whose moral orientation matches the individualizing moral culture of education systems are more academically oriented. We conceptualize this link as moral fit, and we use moral foundations theory to identify students’ personal moral culture. Analysis of a unique sample of students drawn from all secondary schools in Iceland (N = 10,525) shows (1) individualizing moral intuitions (those that emphasize the individual as the basic moral unit) are associated with a greater academic orientation, net of parental involvement, cultural capital, and other important controls, and (2) this association is only lightly moderated by differences in the school structure.
Flexible carbonized cotton/thermoplastic polyurethane composites with outstanding electric heating and pressure sensing performance
Authors: Ni Haisu , Fang Shu , Wang Tanyu , Liu Yitao , Liu Hao , Liu Li , Wang Rui
Published: January 2022

Although flexible wearable conductive textiles for various applications have attracted great attention from researchers in recent years, it is still a great challenge to fabricate conductive textiles with the advantages of a simple fabrication process, excellent flexibility, environmental friendliness, and superior performance. Carbonized cellulose materials are gradually emerging in flexible electronics due to their flexibility, low cost, abundant raw materials, and electrical conductivity. Herein, carbonized cotton fabrics were fabricated from cotton fabrics via a simple carbonization process. Then carbonized cotton/thermoplastic polyurethane composites, with excellent electric heating performance and pressure sensing performance, were fabricated through a dip-and-dry method. Carbonized cotton/thermoplastic polyurethane composites show satisfactory electrical conductivity, electric heating temperature rising performance, heating stability, and resistance stability. The surface temperature of carbonized cotton/thermoplastic polyurethane composites can reach ≈53°C within 1.5 min at 5 V. Besides this, the fabricated flexible pressure sensor based on carbonized cotton/thermoplastic polyurethane composites exhibits the combined superiority of a wide working range (0–16 kPa), high sensitivity (98.77 kPa−1), and excellent durability (>4000 cycles). Moreover, the finger motions and wrist pulse can be monitored in real time. These results demonstrate the potential application value and broad developmental prospects of carbonized cotton/thermoplastic polyurethane composites in flexible wearable electronics.
Estimation and sensitivity analysis for causal decomposition in health disparity research
Authors: Park Soojin , Qin Xu , Lee Chioun
Published: January 2022

In the field of disparities research, there has been growing interest in developing a counterfactual-based decomposition analysis to identify underlying mediating mechanisms that help reduce disparities in populations. Despite rapid development in the area, most prior studies have been limited to regression-based methods, undermining the possibility of addressing complex models with multiple mediators and/or heterogeneous effects. We propose a novel estimation method that effectively addresses complex models. Moreover, we develop a sensitivity analysis for possible violations of an identification assumption. The proposed method and sensitivity analysis are demonstrated with data from the Midlife Development in the US study to investigate the degree to which disparities in cardiovascular health at the intersection of race and gender would be reduced if the distributions of education and perceived discrimination were the same across intersectional groups.
Mobilizing Worker Rights: The Challenges of Claims-Driven Processes for Re-Regulating the Labor Market
Authors: Lesniewski Jacob , Gleeson Shannon
Published: January 2022

Low-wage workers continue to face high levels of exploitation in the workplace. The regulatory frameworks that exist to protect workers and provide avenues for redress for violations of workers’ rights rely on individual or collective claims-making by workers. Worker centers have developed creative mobilization strategies to support worker claims and build worker power in the low-wage labor market. This paper leverages qualitative case study data to better understand the process of worker claims-making and the psychosocial toll it can take on workers. Based on these case studies, this paper argues that worker centers and other alt-labor groups need to take into account the costs and challenges for workers endemic to the claims-making process under current regulatory regimes.
Endoscopic Repair of Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in the Lateral Recess of the Sphenoid Sinus
Authors: Huang Zhenxiao , Huang Qian , Cui Shunjiu , Qiu E. , Xian Junfang , Yang Bentao , Huo Mingrui , Zhou Bing
Published: January 2022

Objective

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of 3 endoscopic endonasal approaches for the management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and meningoencephaloceles in the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus (LRSS).

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

University hospital.

Methods

This study retrospectively reviewed 49 patients with CSF leaks and meningoencephaloceles in the LRSS. Three endoscopic surgical repair approaches were indicated based on 5 different Rhoton’s types of the LRSS. The postoperative symptoms, complications, and follow‐up outcomes were investigated and evaluated.

Results

The success rate of endoscopic surgical repair was 100% at a median follow‐up of 75.06 (12‐203.4) months. Endoscopic approaches to the LRSS included the prelacrimal recess (PLR) (18.37%), transsphenoidal (18.37%), and transpterygoid approaches (64.26%). All patients in the PLR approach (PLRA) group and most of the patients in the transpterygoid approach group had a full lateral type LRSS. Hypoesthesia and dry eyes were reported in 5 patients (55.56%) and 1 (11.12%) patient, respectively, from the PLRA group and in 6 (19.35%) and 5 (16.12%) patients, respectively, from the transpterygoid approach group.

Conclusions

Endoscopic closure is a safe and effective method for the treatment of CSF leaks and meningoencephaloceles in the LRSS. The transpterygoid approach and PLRA offer adequate exposure of the LRSS with extensive lateral pneumatization or a full LRSS. The endoscopic route of the PLRA is more direct than that of the transpterygoid approach. Careful preoperative imaging evaluation is crucial while selecting the optimal surgical approach for the repair of a skull base defect.
Neuroprotective strategies with circulatory arrest in open aortic surgery – A meta-analysis
Authors: Manoly Imthiaz , Uzzaman Mohsin , Karangelis Dimos , Kuduvalli Manoj , Georgakarakos Efstratios , Quarto Cesare , Ravishankar Ramanish , Mitropoulos Fotis , Nasir Abdul
Published: January 2022

Objective

Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) in aortic surgery is associated with morbidity and mortality despite evolving strategies. With the advent of antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP), moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest (MHCA) was reported to have better outcomes than DHCA. There is no standardised guideline or consensus regarding the hypothermic strategies to be employed in open aortic surgery. Meta-analysis was performed comparing DHCA with MHCA + ACP in patients having aortic surgery.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was undertaken. Any studies with DHCA versus MHCA + ACP in aortic surgeries were selected according to specific inclusion criteria and analysed to generate summative data. Statistical analysis was performed using STATS Direct. The primary outcomes were hospital mortality and post-operative stroke. Secondary outcomes were cardiopulmonary bypass time (CPB), post-operative blood transfusion, length of ICU stay, respiratory complications, renal failure and length of hospital stay. Subgroup analysis of primary outcomes for Arch surgery alone was also performed.

Results

Fifteen studies were included with a total of 5869 patients. There was significantly reduced mortality (Pooled OR = +0.64, 95% CI = +0.49 to +0.83; p = 0.0006) and stroke rate (Pooled OR = +0.62, 95% CI = +0.49 to +0.79; p < 0.001) in the MHCA group. MHCA was associated significantly with shorter CPB times, shorter duration in ICU, less pulmonary complications, and reduced rates of sepsis. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of circulatory arrest times, X-Clamp times, total operation duration, transfusion requirements, renal failure and post-op hospital stay.

Conclusion

MHCA + ACP are associated with significantly better post-operative outcomes compared with DHCA for both mortality and stroke and majority of the secondary outcomes.
Simultaneous Descriptors of Research Design
Authors: Andrade Chittaranjan
Published: January 2022

Many students are not aware that research design can be simultaneously described in many different ways; for example, a drug trial may be described as being prospective, longitudinal, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled, all at the same time. This article provides examples to explain how studies can be simultaneously prospective and cross-sectional, prospective and longitudinal, retrospective and cross-sectional, and retrospective and longitudinal. The term prospective indicates that the study data are newly collected, whereas the term retrospective indicates that the study data already exist in records and merely need to be extracted for study. The term cross-sectional indicates that the study subjects are studied on a single occasion; that is, at a single point in time. The term longitudinal indicates that the study subjects are followed up and that there is almost always more than one time point at which the subjects are assessed. This article also describes unusual designs, such as cross-sectional randomized controlled trials and retrospective studies with prospective data ascertainment.
Identifying correlates of salt reduction practices among rural, middle-aged Muslim Indonesians with hypertension through structural equation modeling
Authors: Mizutani Mayumi , Tashiro Junko , Sugiarto Heri , Maftuhah  , Riyanto  , Mock Jeremiah , Nakayama Kazuhiro
Published: January 2022

Background: In 2016, the World Health Organization recommended salt reduction strategies. In most low- and middle-income countries, little is known about what causes people to reduce their salt intake. Aim: In rural West Java, Indonesia, we conducted a cross-sectional survey to describe self-reported salt reduction practices among middle-aged Muslims with hypertension (n = 447) and to identify correlates of salt reduction. Methods: We developed a questionnaire with Likert scales to measure self-reported frequency of efforts to reduce salt intake, and degree of agreement/disagreement with 51 statements about variables hypothesized to influence salt reduction practices. We compared groups using t-tests and one-way ANOVAs. Through one-factor confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, we identified correlates of salt reduction practices. Results: About 45% of participants reported regularly reducing their salt intake; only 12.8% reported never attempting. Men reported higher social barriers, while women reported higher family support and spiritual support. Overall, we found that participants’ frequency of effort to reduce their salt intake was associated with a constellation of six correlates. Salt reduction practices were directly positively associated with prior health/illness experiences (β = 0.25), and by seeking health information (β = 0.24). Seeking health information was in turn positively associated with prior health/illness experiences (β = 0.34), receiving support from health professionals (β = 0.23) and Islamic spiritual practice (β = 0.24). Salt reduction practices were negatively associated with environmental barriers to healthful eating practices (β = -0.14). Conclusion: In this population, reinforcing positive correlates identified in this study and mitigating against negative correlates may foster salt reduction practices.
A Design Thinking Approach to Teaching Sustainability
Authors: Manna Valerie , Rombach Meike , Dean David , Rennie Hamish G.
Published: January 2022

Understanding sustainability requires a system-wide perspective to guide the interpretation of problems and conceptualization of solutions. A lake sustainability Trust provided an opportunity for students to gain this perspective by examining societal, commercial, and environmental policy perspectives associated with a local endangered lake and surrounding wetlands. This was an ideal project to bring sustainability issues to life for students but was too complex for a single class to attack. This article describes a multicourse initiative that sought to heighten students’ awareness of sustainability issues using a design thinking problem-solving approach. Interviews conducted revealed concerns that educators may have in considering similar projects. The authors respond to these perceived obstacles with recommendations and a discussion of mitigation strategies. In addition to the Trust gaining direction, the design and implementation of this cross-course experiential learning initiative allowed Marketing Research and Product Design students to develop an appreciation for macrolevel sustainability issues, and environmental policy students to appreciate the value of marketing research in the development of land use plans.
The Double Meaning of Money
Authors: Ailon Galit
Published: January 2022

How does monetization affect interpersonal relationships? Drawing on social phenomenology, I argue that an answer must account for money’s symbolic dualism: On the one hand, as Zelizer has shown, money is differentially earmarked according to the interpersonal relationships it flows through. On the other hand, in everyday life, people tend to associate money with cold impersonality. Money’s dual association with both the interpersonal and the impersonal imbues the relationships it flows through with a sense of risk, which I call “the risk of lost meanings.” Analyzing the implications of this sense of risk, I argue that it turns trust into a relational preoccupation and constrains intersubjective experience. The risk of lost meanings may motivate risk-avoidance strategies, but these strategies are largely counterproductive. Shedding new light on a long-standing debate in the sociology of money, I discuss the implications of this argument for analyses of monetary developments and local currencies.
In vitro drug release and antibacterial activity evaluation of silk fibroin coated vancomycin hydrochloride loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) sustained release microspheres
Authors: Li Shengtang , Shi Xuewen , Xu Bo , Wang Jian , Li Peng , Wang Xin , Lou Jinpeng , Li Ziyao , Yang Chengwei , Li Songkai , Zhen Ping
Published: January 2022

Currently, the treatment of osteomyelitis poses a great challenge to clinical orthopedics. The use of biodegradable materials combined with antibiotics provides a completely new option for the treatment of osteomyelitis. In this study, vancomycin hydrochloride (VANCO) loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres were prepared by a double emulsion solvent evaporation method, and the in vitro drug release behaviors of the drug loaded microspheres were explored after coating with different concentrations of silk fibroin (SF). Drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, Scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrophilicity, in vitro drug release, and in vitro antibacterial activity were evaluated. The results showed that the drug loading of vancomycin loaded PLGA microspheres was (24.11 ±1.72)%, and the encapsulation efficiency was (48.21 ±3.44)%. The in vitro drug release indicated that the drug loaded microspheres showed an obvious initial burst release, and the drug loaded microspheres coated with SF could alleviate the initial burst release in varying degrees. It also can reduce the amount of cumulative drug release, and the effect of microspheres coated with 0.1% concentration of SF is the best. The time of in vitro drug release in different groups of drug loaded microspheres can be up to 28 days. The microspheres coated with (0.1%SF) or without (0%SF) SF showed a cumulative release of (82.50±3.51)% and (67.70±3.81)%,respectively. Therefore, the surface coating with SF of vancomycin loaded microspheres can alleviate the initial burst release, reduce the cumulative drug release, potentially prolong the drug action time, and improve the anti-infection effect.
The Advocacy Universe: A Methodology to Identify Politically Active 501(C)(4) Organizations
Authors: Post Margaret A. , Boris Elizabeth T. , Stimmel Carol L.
Published: January 2022

This article provides a framework that defines politically active 501(c)(4)s organizations and describes a methodology for identifying them among more than 80,000 social welfare organizations. We estimate that approximately 15% of (c)(4)s likely pursue advocacy or political action, while most are engaged in unrelated activities. Understanding the distinctive features of the social welfare sector and the politically engaged organizations within it are essential tasks for nonprofit scholars, yet the methodological and empirical challenges are complex and significant. To date, there has been no systematic study of the nature and efficacy of these organizations. We create a multistage methodology that allows researchers to identify politically active (c)(4)s and to investigate subgroups focused on different policy issues and with different member groups. This article summarizes how we identify organizations and strategies needed to reveal whether an organization is engaged in political activities. We explain the approach we took and the challenges we encountered.
Suboptimal control law for a near-space hypersonic vehicle based on Koopman operator and algebraic Riccati equation
Authors: Mi Peichao , Wu Qingxian , Wang Yuhui
Published: January 2022

This paper presents a novel suboptimal attitude tracking controller based on the algebraic Riccati equation for a near-space hypersonic vehicle (NSHV). Since the NSHV’s attitude dynamics is complexly nonlinear, it is hard to directly construct an appropriate algebraic Riccati equation. We design the construction based on the Chebyshev series and the Koopman operator theory, which includes three steps. First, the Chebyshev series are considered to transform the error dynamics of the NSHV’s attitude into a polynomial system. Second, the Koopman operator is used to obtain a series of high-dimensional linear dynamics to approximate each of the polynomial system’s vector fields. In this step, our contribution is to determine a well-posed linear dynamics with the minimal dimension to approximate the original nonlinear vector field, which helps to design the control law and analyze the control performance. Third, based on the high-dimensional dynamics, the NSHV’s attitude error dynamics is separated into the linear part and the nonlinear part, such that the algebraic Riccati equation can be constructed according to the linear part. Then, the suboptimal error feedback control law is derived from the algebraic Riccati equation. The closed-loop control system is proved to be locally exponentially stable. Finally, the numerical simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the suboptimal control law.
An experimental performance comparison of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids on a centrifugal blood pump
Authors: Onder Ahmet , Yapici Rafet , Incebay Omer
Published: January 2022

The use of substitute fluid with similar rheological properties instead of blood is important due to ethical concerns and high blood volume consumption in pump performance test before clinical applications. The performance of a centrifugal blood pump with hydrodynamic journal bearing is experimentally tested using Newtonian 40% aqueous glycerin solution (GS) and non-Newtonian aqueous xanthan gum solution of 600 ppm (XGS) as working fluids. Experiments are performed at four different rotational speeds which are 2700, 3000, 3300, and 3600 rpm; experiments using GS reach between 8.5% and 37.2% higher head curve than experiments using the XGS for every rotational speed. It was observed that as the rotational speed and flow rate increase, the head curve difference between GS and XGS decreases. This result can be attributed to the friction reduction effect when using XGS in experiments at high rotation speed and high flow rate. Moreover, due to different fluid viscosities, differences in hydraulic efficiency were observed for both fluids. This study reveals that the use of Newtonian fluids as working fluids is not sufficient to determine the actual performance of a blood pump, and the performance effects of non-Newtonian fluids are remarkably important in pump performance optimizations.
Number concentration dependence of ultrasonic disruption ratio of diameter-sorted microcapsules
Authors: Kanashima Junsyou , Sugita Naohiro , Shinshi Tadahiko
Published: January 2022

The use of ultrasound to destroy microcapsules in microbubble-assisted drug delivery systems (DDS) is of great interest. In the present study, the disruption ratios of capsule clusters were measured by observing and experimentally analyzing microcapsules with polymer shells undergoing disruption by ultrasound. The microcapsules were dispersed in a planar microchamber filled with a gelatin gel and sonicated using 1 MHz focused ultrasound. Different capsule populations were obtained using a filtration technique to modify and control the capsule sizes. The disruption ratio as a function of the concentration of capsules was obtained through image processing of the recorded photomicrographs. We found that the disruption ratio for each population exponentially decreases as the particle number concentration (PNC) increases. The maximum disruption ratio of the diameter-sorted capsules was larger than that of polydispersed capsules. Particularly, for resonant capsule populations, the ratio was more than twice that of polydispersed capsules. Furthermore, the maximum disruption ratio occurred at higher concentrations as the mean particle diameter of the capsule cluster decreased.
Revealing the compressive and flow properties of novel bone scaffold structure manufactured by selective laser sintering technique
Authors: Rashia Begum S , Saravana Kumar M , Vasumathi M , Umar Farooq Muhammad , Pruncu Catalin I
Published: January 2022

Additive manufacturing is revolutionizing the field of medical sciences through its key application in the development of bone scaffolds. During scaffold fabrication, achieving a good level of porosity for enhanced mechanical strength is very challenging. The bone scaffolds should hold both the porosity and load withstanding capacity. In this research, a novel structure was designed with the aim of the evaluation of flexible porosity. A CAD model was generated for the novel structure using specific input parameters, whereas the porosity was controlled by varying the input parameters. Poly Amide (PA 2200) material was used for the fabrication of bone scaffolds, which is a biocompatible material. To fabricate a novel structure for bone scaffolds, a Selective Laser Sintering machine (SLS) was used. The displacement under compression loads was observed using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). In addition to this, numerical analysis of the components was also carried out. The compressive stiffness found through the analysis enables the verification of the load withstanding capacity of the specific bone scaffold model. The experimental porosity was compared with the theoretical porosity and showed almost 29% to 30% reductions when compared to the theoretical porosity. Structural analysis was carried out using ANSYS by changing the geometry. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was carried out using ANSYS FLUENT to estimate the blood pressure and Wall Shear Stress (WSS). From the CFD analysis, maximum pressure of 1.799 Pa was observed. Though the porosity was less than 50%, there was not much variation of WSS. The achievement from this study endorses the great potential of the proposed models which can successfully be adapted for the required bone implant applications.
A multi-proxy Holocene palaeoenvironmental record of climate change and prehistoric human activity from Lough Cullin, southeast Ireland
Authors: Kearney Kevin , Gearey Benjamin , Hegarty Susan , Richer Suzi , Ferreira Carla , O’Carroll Ellen , Hamilton Derek , Eogan James , McClatchie Meriel , Armit Ian , Nagle Caitlin , Taylor Kate , Hull Graham , Becker Katharina
Published: January 2022

A multiproxy (pollen, microcharcoal, loss-on-ignition, magnetic susceptibility and geochemistry) sequence from Lough Cullin, southeast Ireland, supported by a high-resolution radiocarbon chronology, modelled using Bayesian approaches, provides a record of environmental change for much of the Holocene. Following the establishment of mixed deciduous woodland, climatic deterioration was likely responsible for pronounced vegetation change and erosion, 7615–6500 cal. BC to 6245–5575 cal. BC, evidence for the ‘8.2 Kyr’ BP climate event. The so-called ‘elm decline’ is dated to 4220–3980 cal. BC and whilst there are possible indications of an anthropogenic cause, clear evidence of woodland clearance with cereal pollen is recorded at 3900–3700 cal. BC, 3790–3580 cal. BC and 3760–3650 cal. BC, during a period of clearance and farming of 320–450 years duration. A reduction in farming/settlement and woodland regeneration during the Middle Neolithic parallels the archaeological record, with low levels of activity during the Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic after 2960–2525 cal. BC, prior to increases during the Bronze Age then woodland clearance and agriculture between 1500–1410 and 1275–1000 cal. BC, corresponding with the archaeological evidence. A subsequent ‘step-wise’ reduction in human activity follows, from the latter date to 815–685 cal. BC, and a brief but pronounced cessation at 690–535 cal. BC. Renewed woodland clearance and agriculture commenced until 415–250 cal. BC. From the latter date until cal. AD 390–540, the Late Iron Age/Early Medieval period, a phase of woodland recovery is attested, followed by renewed landscape disturbance and arable agriculture in particular, continuing to the close of the record at cal. AD 780–1035.
The winner-loser satisfaction gap in the absence of a clear outcome
Authors: Halliez Adrien A. , Thornton Judd R.
Published: January 2022

In this manuscript, we examine the impact of voting for the winning candidate on satisfaction with democracy. While extensive evidence exists documenting this relationship, it is almost entirely correlational in nature. We take advantage of survey timing during the 2000 post-election period in the U.S. when the vast majority of respondents were uncertain about who would win the presidency. Employing 2000–2002 panel data and using a difference-in-differences model, we are able to establish a relationship between electoral outcome and satisfaction with democracy that appears only for respondents interviewed once the outcome became official. We find an increase in satisfaction among winners and a parallel decrease among losers from 2000 to 2002. Importantly, our design allows us to go further than most studies to make causal claims.