bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of ACL Reconstruction on Involved and Contralateral Limb Vastus Lateralis Morphology and Histology: A Pilot Study
Authors: Leszczynski Eric C. , Kuenze Christopher , Brazier Brett , Visker Joseph , Ferguson David P.
Published: October 2019

Quadriceps muscle weakness is a commonly reported issue post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), with minimal information related to skeletal muscle morphology following surgery. The purpose is to examine the morphological and functional differences in the vastus lateralis muscle from patient's ACLR and contralateral leg. Three physically active ACLR participants were recruited and secured to a dynamometer to perform maximal voluntary isometric knee extension contractions (MVIC) of the ACLR and contralateral limb. Muscle biopsies of the ACLR and contralateral vastus lateralis were performed, then sectioned, and stained for myosin isoforms to determine fiber type. Confocal images were acquired, and ImageJ software was used to determine the fiber type and cross-sectional area (CSA). There was a significant reduction in CSA of the type IIa and type IIx muscle fiber cells between healthy (IIa: 7,718 ± 1,295 µm2; IIx; 5,800 ± 601 µm2) and ACLR legs (IIa: 4,139 ± 709 µm2; IIx: 3,708 ± 618 µm2) (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in knee extension MVIC torque between legs (healthy limb: 2.42 ± 0.52 Nm/kg; ACLR limb: 2.05 ± 0.24 Nm/kg, p = 0.11). The reduction in the cross-sectional area of the ACLR type II fibers could impair function and increase secondary injury risk.
Tooth Sensitivity in Fluorotic Teeth
Authors: Tonguc Mine Ozturk , Ozat Yener , Sert Tugba , Sonmez Yonca , Kirzioglu F Yesim
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the demographic and clinical features of tooth sensitivity (TS) in subjects with and without fluorosis. Methods: A total of 2249 subjects (378 subjects with fluorosis and 1871 subjects without fluorosis) were examined for TS during a study period of one year and TS was determined in 122 subjects. The level of TS was evaluated on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The sensitivity evaluation was made by applying tactile and cold air stimuli. In teeth sensitive to any stimuli, the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival recession (GR) and periodontal pocket depth (PPD) were recorded. Fluorosis was assessed using the Dean Index. Results: One hundred and twenty-two participants were found to have TS (5.42%). The frequency of TS in subjects with fluorosis was 9.26%, while the frequency of TS in subjects without fluorosis was 4.65%. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of TS frequency (P=0.0003). In contrast, there were no significant differences between the groups for periodontal parameters except PI. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that the subjects with fluorosis may have been suffering from TS more than the subjects with normal dentition. Further studies are necessary to determine the factors that contribute to sensitivity of teeth with fluorosis. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:273-280)
Median Rhomboid Glossitis: A Clinical and Microbiological Study
Authors: Goregen Mustafa , Miloglu Ozkan , Buyukkurt Mustafa Cemil , Caglayan Fatma , Aktas Ayse Esin
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between median rhomboid glossitis (MRG) and Candida and bacteria species, prevalence and possible association with age, gender, smoking, denture wearing, and diabetes mellitus. Methods: Tongue examinations were performed on 4244 consecutive patients. Of all the examined patients, 30 diagnosed with MRG were selected as the study group and another 30 patients were selected as the control group, and these 2 groups were compared in terms of age and gender. Tongue cultures from these 60 patients were subjected to bacterial and mycological examinations. Results: MRG frequency was detected to be 0.7%. In mycological examination, Candida species were determined in 90.0% of the MRG patients and in 46.6% of the control group. This difference was statistically significant. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that diabetes mellitus and 20–39 years of age were significantly related to MRG. However, the association between MRG, gender, smoking, and 40–69 years of age was not statistically significant. Conclusions: It was determined that although there was a significant association between MRG, Candida and diabetes mellitus, the possible risk factors such as gender, smoking, and denture wearing for oral candidiasis were invalid for MRG. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:367-372)
Influence of a prophylaxis paste on surface roughness of different composites, porcelain, enamel and dentin surfaces
Authors: Yurdaguven Haktan , Aykor Arzu , Ozel Emre , Sabuncu Hilmi , Soyman Mubin
Published: October 2019

Objective: To investigate the effect of a prophylaxis paste on surface roughness of different composites, enamel, dentin and porcelain surfaces.

Methods: Three different composites (FiltekZ250/Group1, Filtek Supreme XT/Group2, Premise/ Group3), enamel/Group4, dentin/Group5 and porcelain/Group6 samples were used in this study. All specimens were prepared flat by SiC discs and polished with a diamond polishing paste. The surface roughness measurements were determined with a profilometer after polishing (initial surface roughness). Prophylaxis paste was applied to the samples for 12 seconds, renewing every 6 seconds. After cleaning the samples, roughness values were measured again. Data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparison test. Wilcoxon test was performed for the comparison of the initial and final surface roughness values (P<.05). The results were evaluated within the P<.05 confidence level.

Results: The mean %SMHC was:C=77.27%, CL= 72.45%, SL=78.43%, G=66.65% and P=67.95%. Comparing the %SMHC promoted by 5 soft drinks, SL = C > CL > P = G (P<.05). There was not significant correlation between %SMHC and the other variables tested for the five drinks (P>>.05)

Results: The initial and final surface roughness values (μm) were determined as follows: Group1: 0.039±0.009 and 0.157±0.018, Group2: 0.023±0.005 and 0.145±0.027, Group3: 0.028±0.008 and 0.109±0.012, Group4: 0.024±0.006 and 0.071±0.015, Group5: 0.030±0.007 and 0.143±0.029, Group6: 0.024±0.006 and 0.064±0.014. Significant difference was determined between the initial and final values for all groups.

Conclusions: Composite and dentin surfaces were more affected by the application of prophylaxis paste than enamel and porcelain surfaces. The prophylaxis paste increased the surface roughness of all groups, but did not reach the bacterial retention roughness rate of 0.2μm. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:1-8)
Dental anomalies in the primary dentition of Turkish children
Authors: Kapdan Arife , Kustarci Alper , Buldur Burak , Arslan Dilara , Kapdan Alper
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of double teeth, hypodontia, microdontia, and hyperdontia of primary teeth in Turkish children.

Methods:The study group comprised 1149 children (554 girls, 595 boys). The children were examined in twelve local nurseries in Sivas, Turkiye. Clinical data were collected by four dentists according to Kreiborg criteria; which includes double teeth, hypodontia, microdontia, and supernumerary teeth. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the chi-square test.

Results: Dental anomalies were found in 2.0% of children. The distribution of dental anomalies were significantly more frequent (P=.023) in boys (2.9%, n=17) than in girls (1.1%, n=6). In relation to anomaly frequencies at different ages, no difference was found (P = .760).

Conclusions: Double teeth were the most frequently (1.3%) observed anomaly. The other anomalies followed as; 0.3% supernumerary teeth, 0.3% microdontia, 0.2% hypodontia. Identification of dental anomalies in the anterior region at an early age is of great importance for esthetic and orthodontic treatment planning. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:178-183)
Study of thyroid hormones free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in subjects with dental fluorosis
Authors: Hosur Mahadevi B , Puranik S R , Vanaki Shrinivas , Puranik Surekha R
Published: October 2019

Objective: Apart from its well-known deleterious dental and skeletal effects, fluoride excess can have toxic effects on many other tissues. Fluoride, when in excess, is known to interfere with thyroid gland function. Fluoride-induced thyroid disturbances similar to those observed in iodine deficiency state in spite of adequate iodine intake have been documented. Similar thyroid disturbances in individuals with dental fluorosis have not been well studied in populations with endemic fluorosis. This work was undertaken to study the effects of fluoride-induced thyroid disturbances in individuals with dental fluorosis.

Methods: The study group included 65 subjects with dental fluorosis from endemic fluorosis populations. An additional control group was comprised of 10 subjects without dental fluorosis. The drinking water fluoride levels of the study populations were analyzed. Serum free FT3, FT4, and TSH levels of both groups were assessed.

Results: All subjects with dental fluorosis had serum levels of thyroid hormones (FT3, FT4, and TSH) within the normal range, with the exception of 1 individual, who had elevated levels of TSH. Statistical significance was found when FT3 and TSH values were compared with different Dean’s index groups by a 1-way ANOVA test: FT3 (F = 3.4572; P=.0377) and TSH (F = 3.2649 and P=.0449).

Conclusions: Findings of this study did not show any significant alterations in the levels of the thyroid hormones FT3, FT4, and TSH in subjects with dental fluorosis. Our observations suggest that thyroid hormone levels were not altered in subjects with dental fluorosis. Hence, future studies of this kind, along with more detailed investigations are needed. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:184-190)
The effect of one-step and multi-step polishing systems on the surface roughness and microhardness of novel resin composites
Authors: Erdemir Ugur , Sancakli Hande Sar , Yildiz Esra
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the surface roughness and microhardness of three novel resin composites containing nanoparticles after polishing with one-step and conventional multi-step polishing systems.

Methods: A total of 126 specimens (10 X 2 mm) were prepared in a metal mold using three nanocomposites (Filtek Supreme XT, Ceram-X, and Grandio), 21 specimens of each resin composite for both tests (n=63 for each test). Following light curing, seven specimens from each group received no polishing treatment and served as controls for both tests. The specimens were randomly polished using PoGo and Sof-Lex systems for 30 seconds after being wet-ground with 1200-grit silicon carbide paper. The mean surface roughness of each polished specimen was determined with a profilometer. The microhardness was determined using a Vickers hardness measuring instrument with a 200-g load and 15 seconds dwell time. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the post hoc Dunn's multiple comparison tests at a significance level of .05.

Results: Among all materials, the smoothest surfaces were obtained under a matrix strip (control) (P<.05). There were no statistically significant differences among polishing systems in the resin composites for surface roughness (P>.05). The lowest hardness values for the three resin composites were obtained with a matrix strip, and there was a statistically significant difference compared with other polishing systems (P<.05) whereas no statistically significant differences were observed between the polishing systems (P<.05).

Conclusion: The current one-step polishing system appears to be as effective as multi-step systems and may be preferable for polishing resin composite restorations. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:198-205)
Surgical treatment of posttraumatic ankylosis of the TMJ with different pathogenic mechanisms
Authors: Baykul Timucin , Aydin Mustafa Asim , Nasir Serdar Nazif , Toptas Orcun
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Posttraumatic ankylosis of the TMJ can be caused by many different pathogenic mechanisms. Prosthetic alloplastic grafts and autogenous grafts are the options for surgical treatment.

Methods: Seven patients were examined clinically and radiologically. Autogenous interpositioners were used for treatment of TMJ ankylosis.

Results: No major complications were seen after surgery. Interincisal distances have significantly widened following mouth opening exercises for one year.

Conclusions:Human skulls have many structure and shape differences, so it is difficult to replace a jaw joint successfully with an artificial one. Using autogenous tissues seems an appropriate choice for treatment. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:318-323)
Simultaneous label-free autofluorescence-multiharmonic microscopy and
beyond
Authors: Boppart Stephen A. , You Sixian , Li Lianhuang , Chen Jianxin , Tu Haohua
Published: October 2019

Without sophisticated data inversion algorithms, nonlinear optical microscopy can acquire images at subcellular resolution and relatively large depth, with plausible endogenous contrasts indicative of authentic biological and pathological states. Although independent contrasts have been derived by sequentially imaging the same sample plane or volume under different and often optimized excitation conditions, new laser source engineering with inputs from key biomolecules surprisingly enable real-time simultaneous acquisition of multiple endogenous molecular contrasts to segment a rich set of cellular and extracellular components. Since this development allows simple single-beam single-shot excitation and simultaneous multicontrast epidirected signal detection, the resulting platform avoids perturbative sample pretreatments such as fluorescent labeling, mechanical sectioning, scarce or interdependent contrast generation, constraints to the sample or imaging geometry, and intraimaging motion artifacts that have limited in vivo nonlinear optical molecular imaging.
Carrier dynamics of intermediate sub-bandgap transitions in ZnTeO
Authors: Chen Chihyu , Stoica Vladimir A. , Schaller Richard D. , Clarke Roy , Phillips Jamie D.
Published: October 2019

The incorporation of electronic states in the bandgap, with high radiative efficiency, provides a means for optical up/down conversion and for tuning the carrier lifetime of a material. Such intermediate states in highly mismatched alloys have recently received much attention due to their potential for an efficient solar energy conversion. Understanding the carrier dynamics and pathways for the charge transfer of sub-bandgap transitions is critical for understanding energy conversion processes. In this work, time-resolved photoluminescence of ZnTeO is reported, revealing electron relaxation from the conduction band to the intermediate band and the carrier transfer between intermediate states and the conduction band utilizing two time-delayed optical excitations. This work demonstrates the utility of time-resolved techniques for characterizing energy conversion mechanisms in intermediate band materials, and the ability to use intermediate states to intentionally alter carrier lifetimes in materials for applications such as ultrafast scintillation.
On the selection of perturbations for thermal boundary layer control
Authors: Zhao Yongling , Zhao Pengpeng , Liu Yang , Xu Yin , Torres Juan F.
Published: October 2019

The convective instability of the natural convection boundary layers of air (Pr = 0.7) in the laminar-to-turbulent transition regime (Ra = 8.7 × 107–1.1 × 109) is investigated by stability analysis in the framework of direct numerical simulations. To understand the spatial and temporal evolution of the convective instability of the thermal boundary layers, small-amplitude random-mode numerical perturbations are first introduced into the boundary condition of the boundary layer flow. The prescribed full spectral perturbations (i.e., white noise) are mostly damped out immediately by a limited upstream boundary layer. A low-frequency band is initially distinct in the upstream near the leading edge but decays spatially as the instability propagates downstream. In contrast, a high-frequency band emerges to finally become the most dominant frequency band in the thermal boundary layer transition regime. To obtain further insights into the nature of the established high-frequency band, single-mode perturbations of various frequencies are then introduced into the boundary layer near the leading edge. It is found that a single-mode perturbation at the peak frequency within the high-frequency band excites the maximum response of the thermal boundary layer, suggesting that the peak frequency is in fact the characteristic frequency or resonance frequency of the thermal boundary layer. The dimensionless form of the dependence of the characteristic frequency on Ra is then found to be fc = 0.07Ra2/3. The single-mode perturbation numerical experiments also revealed the propagation speed of convective instability waves, which was significantly greater than the convection speed of the thermal boundary layer. The smaller the Ra, the larger the difference between the two propagation speeds. A semi-analytical scaling of the wave propagation speed in the form csc ∼ Ra1/2y1/2Pr was derived (y denoting the streamwise location of the boundary layer), providing a predictive correlation that can be used for thermal boundary layer control.
Spin-orbit vibronic coupling in Π4 states of linear triatomic molecules
Authors: Poluyanov Leonid V. , Domcke Wolfgang , Mishra Sabyashachi
Published: October 2019

The Renner vibronic-coupling problem in 4Π electronic states of linear molecules is analyzed with rigorous and systematic inclusion of spin-orbit (SO) coupling. The 8 × 8 Hamiltonian matrix of a 4Π state in the diabatic electronic representation has been constructed by a Taylor expansion in the bending normal mode up to second order. As previously found for 2Π states and 3Π states, SO-induced vibronic-coupling terms that are linear in the bending amplitude exist in addition to the quadratic electrostatic Renner coupling. The effects of the linear and quadratic Renner coupling on the four Kramers-degenerate potential energy surfaces of the 4Π state are discussed. The spectroscopic effects of the linear SO-vibronic-coupling mechanism have been analyzed by numerical calculations of vibronic spectra.
Optimal selection and techno-economic analysis of a hybrid power generation system
Authors: Abu-Hamdeh Nidal H. , Alnefaie Khaled A.
Published: October 2019

In this paper, four alternatives used to supply electrical energy were compared economically, a photovoltaic system, wind turbine system, small experimental solar power tower system, and diesel generator. The annualized life cycle cost, life cycle cost, and energy production cost were utilized as dynamic indicators to estimate the economic-effectiveness of these systems. The cost of energy was $2.98/kWh, $1.19/kWh, $1.18/kWh, and $1.06/kWh for the wind turbine system, diesel generator system, solar power tower system, and photovoltaic system, respectively. Different hybrid system combinations were investigated. The impact evaluation of various hybrid system combinations on the cost of energy production and energy index of reliability was carried out by utilizing the technique of multivariable linear regression. The best performing combination was distinguished based on a compromise between the impact on the cost of production and the energy index of reliability for the hybrid combination by implementing the analytical hierarchy process technique. The concept of particle swarm optimization is discussed herein. Particle swarm optimization programming codes in the MATLAB environment were created and solved successfully. The results obtained from the algorithm of particle swarm optimization were used to verify the authenticity of the results obtained from the analytical hierarchy process technique. The results indicate that the combination photovoltaic/diesel has the best fit between the impact on the cost of production and the energy index of reliability of the hybrid alternative; hence, it is the best alternative for supplying the needed electricity to the loads in the compound.
Oxygen migration around the filament region in HfOx memristors
Authors: Mao Ge-Qi , Xue Kan-Hao , Song Ya-Qian , Wu Wei , Yuan Jun-Hui , Li Li-Heng , Sun Huajun , Long Shibing , Miao Xiang-Shui
Published: October 2019

The exact composition and structure of conductive filaments in hafnia-based memristors are still not fully understood, but recent theoretical investigations reveal that hexagonal HfOx phases close to the h.c.p. Hf structure are probable filament candidates. In this work we list h.c.p. Hf, Hf6O, Hf3O and Hf2O as possible phases for the filament in hafnia memristors. Their differences in lattice parameters, electronic structures and O charge states are studied in details. Migration of O ions for both in-plane and out-of-plane directions in these phases is investigated using first-principles calculations. Both single-phase supercells and filament-in-dielectric models are used for migration barrier calculations, while the latter is proven to be more accurate for the c-direction. The migration of O ions is fastest in metal Hf, while slowest in Hf2O. The existence of O interstitials in Hf tends to hinder the transport of O.
A numerical study of the selectivity of an isolated cylindrical or conical nanopore to a charged macro-ion
Authors: Pandey Doyel , Bhattacharyya Somnath , Ghosal Sandip
Published: October 2019

The selectivity of a single nanopore in a uniformly charged solid membrane to a charged analyte ion is studied using numerical simulation. A continuum model is used where the ions are regarded as point particles and characterized by a continuously varying number density. The problem is described by the coupled equations for the electrostatic potential, ion-transport, and hydrodynamic flow, which are solved under appropriate boundary conditions using a finite volume method. The nanopore geometry is considered conical, the cylindrical pore being a special case where the cone angle is zero. The selectivity is characterized by a dimensionless parameter: the pore selectivity index. Results are presented showing how the pore selectivity index varies with the membrane surface charge and other parameters of the problem. The role of hydrodynamic flow on transport properties is examined and found to be consistent with theoretical results on electroosmotic flow through nanopores.
Calculating spin crossover temperatures by a first-principles LDA+U scheme with parameter U evaluated from GW
Authors: Zhang Yachao
Published: October 2019

The prediction of spin crossover (SCO) temperatures (T1/2) depends sensitively on the description of local Coulomb correlation. Due to its balance between accuracy and computational cost, local density approximation combined with Hubbard U model (LDA+U) is an appealing tool for this purpose. Despite its accurate performance on energetic properties, such as spin adiabatic energy difference, it is well-known that the LDA+U approach would lose its predictive power if U is tuned to achieve close agreement with experiment for a certain property. On the other hand, a static U value cannot account for changes in the electronic structure. Here, we propose a framework to derive dynamical U (Udyn) values for iron(ii) complexes from the many-body GW calculations. By performing model calculations on a series of compounds with varying ligand fields, we show that the U values determined in this way are local environment dependent, and the resulting LDA+Udyn method could reproduce their experimental ground spin states. We present applications to selected SCO complexes illustrating that Udyn considerably overcomes some of the drawbacks of employing a constant U in the calculation of thermochemical quantities. Using the described calculation procedure, the T1/2 values are predicted with a small mean absolute error of 176 K with respect to experiment.
Air-stable n-type Fe-doped ZnO colloidal nanocrystals
Authors: Buz Enes , Zhou Dongming , Kittilstved Kevin R.
Published: October 2019

The synthesis of Al and Fe codoped ZnO colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) using a modified etching-regrowth-doping method is presented. We show that the spectroscopic signatures associated with Fe3+ in ZnO disappear upon introduction of Al3+ donor defects into the ZnO lattice. The presence of Al3+ is confirmed by the appearance of a localized surface plasmon resonance feature indicating excess free carriers in the codoped NCs. These spectral changes suggest that Al3+ doping results in a reduction of Fe3+ dopants to the electron paramagnetic resonance-silent Fe2+ dopants that are stable under ambient conditions. These colloidal NCs provide a potential building block for manipulating magneto-optical properties and plasmon responses in colloidal NCs and higher-order nanostructures.
A molecular clock for testing fundamental forces
Authors: Miller Johanna L.
Published: October 2019

The vibrational frequencies of trapped ultracold molecules can serve as a check on what we think we know about the universe.
Windcatcher
Authors: Jackson Hill Diane , Smith Craig
Published: October 2019

A short-tailed shearwater flies from the edge of the Southern Ocean to the rim of the Arctic Circle – and back – every year. This remarkable 30,000 kilometre journey is driven by seabird law.
Instinct and community will guide her.
A wingspan the size of a child’s outstretched arms will support her.
But first, she must catch the wind …
Based on birds that live on Griffiths Island, near Port Fairy, Victoria, Windcatcher is a tale of migration, conservation and survival that begins with one small bird called Hope.
Written by award-winning children’s author Diane Jackson Hill and illustrated by Craig Smith, one of Australia’s most prolific and popular illustrators, Windcatcher explores the mysteries of seabird migration. For primary aged readers.
Using the scientific listing process to better understand climate change risk to threatened species and ecological communities in New South Wales
Authors: Laws Claire A. , Hancock Nola , Leishman Michelle R.
Published: October 2019

Anthropogenic climate change presents a major threat to all levels of biodiversity – from populations to ecosystems. Threatened species and ecological communities are particularly at risk because they generally possess characteristics that increase their vulnerability to extinction. Here we review the conservation assessments of 414 threatened species and 108 ecological communities in the state of New South Wales (NSW) Australia, to explore climate change extinction risk. We found only 13% of threatened species and 24% of threatened ecological communities have climate change identified as a threat. Amphibians had the highest proportion of species with a climate change threat identified (37%), followed by mammals (25%), birds (17%), reptiles (15%) and plants (10%). The sample sizes of freshwater algae and marine mammals were too small to be considered. Threatened species and ecological communities that had climate change listed as a threat were predominately associated with wet and montane habitats, highlighting the vulnerability of these environments. The estimates of the extinction threat from climate change to species and ecological communities in NSW are likely to be highly conservative. We suggest that climate change adaptation strategies be incorporated into all levels of biodiversity management, from threatened species management plans to landscape level management.
Declining CO
2
price paths
Authors: Daniel Kent D. , Litterman Robert B. , Wagner Gernot
Published: October 2019

Significance

Risk and uncertainty are important in pricing climate damages. Despite a burgeoning literature, attempts to marry insights from asset pricing with climate economics have largely failed to supplement—let alone supplant—decades-old climate–economy models, largely due to their analytic and computational complexity. Here, we introduce a simple, modular framework that identifies core trade-offs, highlights the sensitivity of results to key inputs, and helps pinpoint areas for further work.
Amyloid-beta impairs TOM1-mediated IL-1R1 signaling
Authors: Cadete Martini Alessandra , Gomez-Arboledas Angela , Forner Stefania , Rodriguez-Ortiz Carlos J. , McQuade Amanda , Danhash Emma , Phan Jimmy , Javonillo Dominic , Ha Jordan-Vu , Tram Melanie , Trujillo-Estrada Laura , da Cunha Celia , Ager Rahasson R. , Davila Jose C. , Kitazawa Masashi , Blurton-Jones Mathew , Gutierrez Antonia , Baglietto-Vargas David , Medeiros Rodrigo , LaFerla Frank M.
Published: October 2019

Significance

As we age, the innate immune system becomes dysregulated and is characterized by persistent inflammatory responses, and the chronic inflammation mediated by inflammatory receptors represents a key mechanism by which amyloid-beta (Aβ) drives the development of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A crucial aspect of this process is a failure to resolve inflammation, which involves the suppression of inflammatory cell influx and the endocytosis of inflammatory receptors. We found that ablation of the endosomal adaptor target of Myb1 (TOM1) worsens neuroinflammation, impairs microglial phagocytosis, and significantly exacerbates amyloid deposition. Conversely, restoration of TOM1 reverses these effects and reduces Aβ pathology. These results highlight the importance of endosomal adaptors and their interaction with inflammatory receptors in the pathogenesis of AD.
Coherence relations in research article discussions
Authors: Kawase Tomoyuki
Published: October 2019

Constructing a coherent text and achieving genre-specific communicative purposes are crucial aspects of academic
writing. However, to date, it remains unclear how coherence and genre are related to each other conceptually. This paper seeks to
extend previous research on the influence of genre on coherence relations by examining how writers of applied linguistics research
articles (RAs) organise sentences in the discussion section to achieve communicative purposes of the RA discussion genre. The
analyses suggest that the writers of the selected discussions might have related sentences to each other differently depending on
the purposes they sought to achieve. Possible reasons for relational features are considered in light of the nature of the RA
discussion genre and/or the applied linguistics discipline.
The Musico-Poetics of the Flat Submediant in Schubert's Songs
Authors: Bretherton David
Published: October 2019

Composers' increasing and increasingly evocative use of chromatic mediants during the first few decades of the nineteenth century is arguably a hallmark of early Romantic harmony. The apparent association in Schubert's songs between ♭VI and the representation of utopia, fantasy, reverie, dreams and other positive, other-worldly states has been noted by many scholars. However, the fact that he also occasionally employed ♭VI to portray darker sentiments is rarely commented on and questions the degree to which the ♭VI harmony itself acts as a positive, other-worldly signifier. This article accounts for these various opposing uses and proposes that surface voice-leading details (ones that are often overlooked by Schenkerian and neo-Riemannian approaches) are key to understanding the musico-poetics of ♭VI in Schubert's songs.
Notation Cultures: Towards an Ethnomusicology of Notation
Authors: Schuiling Floris
Published: October 2019

The ubiquity and diversity of notational practices in music suggest that notation is a significant part of human beings' musicking behaviour. However, it is difficult to address its function since the usual conception of notation in music scholarship is at odds with studying performance in the first place. This article presents a methodological outline for an ethnomusicology of music notation by investigating the musicality of notation not in terms of its representation of musical structures, but in terms of its mediation of the social and creative agency of musicians. It is suggested that, rather than detracting from musical reality, notation composes musical cultures. This constructive work is simultaneously ontological and ethical. It is described in terms of three distinct processes, namely mobilization, entextualization and remediation. In doing so, this article presents an interdisciplinary approach to a topic that has traditionally defined the disciplinary centre of music scholarship.
Analysis of intrinsic value and estimating losses of “blue carbon” in coastal wetlands: a case study of Yancheng, China
Authors: Zang Zheng
Published: October 2019

Introduction:
Large stocks of “blue carbon” exist in the ecosystems of coastal wetlands. This paper presents a case study of the Chinese city of Yancheng. First, through field surveys and laboratory analysis, changes in the organic carbon (OC) content in typical plant communities throughout the study area are described in detail. Second, an OC burial rate and economic value model is constructed to analyze the composition of the carbon sink values.

Outcomes/other:
The results are as follows: Of the typical plant communities,
Spartina alterniflora
has the highest OC content (5.80 g·kg-1), followed by
Suaeda glauca
(4.78 g·kg-1) and
Phragmites australis
(3.76 g·kg-1); the contemporary OC sedimentation rates are 2.01, 1.48, and 1.22 cm·yr-1, respectively.
Spartina alterniflora
communities have the highest annual average carbon sink value ($418.74/ha) in the study area, followed by
Phragmites australis
($176.29/ha) and
Suaeda glauca
($101.54/ha).

Discussion:
As a result of both the expansion of the Spartina alterniflora area and coastal erosion, the total OC value since 1987 has displayed two-stage characteristics: it first increased and then decreased.

Conclusion:
In recent years, the annual average decline in OC value has ranged from approximately $82,100 to $123,100 (reference: the Sweden carbon tax provided by the World Bank, 130$/ton)
Crack detection in rotating shafts using combined wavelet analysis
Authors: Pricop M , Pazara T , Pricop C , Novac G
Published: October 2019

There are many rotating mechanical systems on board ships that comprise the main shaft transmission element. Proper functioning of shafts depends on many factors: alignment system, connections with other elements - couplings, gearboxes, bearing elements with ball bearings or bushings, operated regime, and al. All these factors can lead to fatigue of the shaft over time and to appearance of internal/external cracks which can determine a total damage of the shaft at some point in time. To avoid these disasters the operation of these rotating systems is monitored based on vibration analysis of recorded signals (FFT and DFT analysis). Due to the transient modes and the presence of the noise, the processing of the recorded signals must be performed with methods that present a good resolution simultaneously in the time and frequency domain. In the paper, measurements are made on a stand with a rotating system and it is determined the influence of some factors (measuring points and directions, speed, operated mode, crack size, presence of misalignment, noise) on the quality of the Wavelet Transform results. In order to improve the clarity of amplitudes and frequencies changes at the initiation of shaft cracks, the authors are proposing the combined use of Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT). The authors propose using power spectral density (PSD) as it is a method with good performance in detecting faults in rotating machines.
Importance of the water transport sector for Romania’s economy
Authors: Nistor F , Popa C
Published: October 2019

The importance of the transport sector for the national economy is given by its impact on growth, employment and sustainable development. The transport sector corresponds to the volume of goods exported or imported. According to EU data, transport and storage costs ma y account for up to 15% of the value of a finished product. Competitive maritime transport can provide many benefits for both the national and local economy. Port activity is complementary to maritime transport and involves the development of services related to transport. In Romania, the involvement of the private sector in water transport activities is confirmed by the over 200 active enterprises in 2017. The present paper highlights the place and role of the water transport sector for the national, regional and local economy by considering the importance of Romania on the map of European trade and the EU transport network.
Study of chilled water plant heat exchange for special ships
Authors: Volintiru O N , Scurtu I C , Stefanescu T M
Published: October 2019

The sizing of the air conditioning chilled water plant components shall be carried out considering both the summer and winter operating modes. Some devices are used in both modes, and others only in one of two working loads. Depending on the sources of harmful substances from the air conditioning spaces served, can be selected one of the following air recirculation systems: no recirculation (complete replacement with fresh air); partial recirculation (partial replacement of vicious air with fresh air); total recirculation (no fresh air injection).
Fractal analysis in diagnostic printing in cases of neurodegenerative disorder: Alzheimer type
Authors: Prada D , Avilés R , Prada E , Rojas F , Mieles I , Cerquera A
Published: October 2019

Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative neurological disorder that comes with the aging process characterized by cognitive, affective and behavioral deficits. a possible method that can support the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is called fractal geometry, given that the brain has fractal structure, therefore, Alzheimer’s disease is an observed progressive process of alterations within the groups of topographic voxels, which means that a geometrical fractal analysis can support the diagnosis of the disease. For this purpose, a double blind clinical trial study was designed, calculating the fractal dimension and the lagunarity of magnetic resonance imaging of the cerebral cortex of patients with the neurological report of Alzheimer’s disease, implementing the box-counting method or “entropy of kolmogorov”, by means of a software with logarithm FracLac (p=1.029). As a relevant result, a characteristic fractal pattern was evidenced in the images of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, which allowed to postulate the mathematical method as a possible analysis to complement the clinical order in the diagnostic assessment.
Cathedral bell’s San José de Cúcuta: Heritage and acoustics
Authors: Vergel-Ortega M , Delgado J A , Díaz Umaña Y
Published: October 2019

The objective of this research was to analyze the characteristics of the bells and dynamic particularities of the bell tower of the cathedral of San José de Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia. The research had a mixed methodological approach, using a simplified numerical model of the structure. The spectrum of structural response is determined, analyzing according to the bells, magnitudes of the function of variable forces, with the time that they introduce on the structure with their own weight, speed of rotation and inertia; the most unfavorable dynamic amplification factor and response for quasi-static analysis for forces is determined. It is concluded that the bell of greater weight introduces greater efforts in the tower, being the location of the bell a direct incident factor.
Population dynamics in the face of climate change: Analysis of a cubic thermal performance curve in ectotherms
Authors: Saldaña-Núñez V , Córdova-Lepe F , Moreno-Gómez F N
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study is to perform an analysis on the effect of the increase in temperature under the context of climate change on the dynamics of a population of ectothermic organisms, which are highly susceptible to these changes, as their body temperatures depend crucially on the environmental temperature. In our modelling approach, population abundance is governed by a logistic growth, where the intrinsic growth rate is affected by the change in temperature. The relationship between environmental temperature and the intrinsic rate of increase will be represented by a thermal performance curve type. In order to facilitate analytical simplicity but also novelty, a cubic expression is proposed to represent the thermal performance curve, the intensity of intraspecific competition is considered to remain constant and the tendency of temperature increase follows a linear expression. Finally, consequences on the trends of population abundance curves are assessed.
Study and design of a parking meter system
Authors: Orjuela Abril M S , Rojas Suárez J P , Prada Botía G C
Published: October 2019

The automobile is the main means of transportation in most cities of the world, however, its excessive use has generated several environmental and social problems, one of them is the lack of control over parking on public roads, affecting vehicle traffic, disturbing the image of the city, increasing the rate of accidents and causing negative effects on the mood of drivers and pedestrians. There are different alternatives to reduce these indicators, highlighting the effectiveness of the implementation of parking meter systems, which seek to regulate parking on public roads through a fee and a time limit. This article demonstrates the design, feasibility and impact (economic, social and environmental) of an implementation of the parking meter system in the center of the city of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, with data from the Secretariat of Transit of the metropolitan area of the city of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia and the national institute of roads, achieving a solution to the problem of traffic congestion in the city and also contributing to create citizen culture among its inhabitants.
Curricular trends in the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander academic program offerings
Authors: Parra-López H , Rojas-Suárez J P , Vergel-Ortega M
Published: October 2019

The objective of the research work, was to analyze the curriculum of the programs from “Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander” in San José de Cucuta, Colombia. The sample was participatory non-probability, with the participation of 200 students from Catatumbo and university student’s, both from the different semesters and documents curriculums. A mixed study of sequential explanatory design was applied. In the first quantitative phase, the results were obtained by applying a digital questionnaire to the students. The data were analyzed using the observation guide for their respective analysis. The results of both phases were merged by the contrasting method. The conclusions demonstrate the importance of curriculum for training in research and innovation and critical thinking, curriculum for the creation, adaptation and/or use of communication and information technologies, curriculum for social inclusion in the university.
Development of geometric thought
Authors: Pérez H J Gallardo , Ortega M Vergel , Gallardo O A Alvarado
Published: October 2019

Geometric thinking is a process in which competences are developed to understand three-dimensional space. The experience arises from the need to implement teaching methodologies that allow to optimize both the potential of teachable that has the geometry as the potential of learnability of the student with the purpose of deepening in the learnings so that, by means of the construction of models and the mathematical principle of reconstruction and invention of mathematics, emphasizing spatial thinking and leading the student to recognize geometric objects, geometric spaces and associated transformations to develop mathematical skills while strengthening their geometric thinking.
Pedagogical guidelines for the development of competences that strengthen the teaching practices of the mathematics area
Authors: Silva M Conde , Suárez M K Villalba , Pérez H J Gallardo
Published: October 2019

The present study is aimed at promoting the use of pedagogical guidelines to strengthen the practice of the teacher of mathematics, through the use of specific competences of the area, in this sense the present research focuses on what happened in the process of teaching mathematics from pedagogical approaches proposed by the “Ministerio de Educación Nacional”, Colombia, as a result, it is proposed as a general objective to promote the use of pedagogical guidelines based on the Singapore model to enhance the teaching of mathematical skills, in order to be able to face the challenges of new educational spaces thought as transforming elements of the educational reality. On the other hand, this research is contextualized in the educational institutions “Lucio Pabón” in Ocaña and “Confanorte” in Los Patios, Norte de Santander, Colombia, to achieve such purposes, a qualitative ethnographic methodology was used, and field since it intends to interact with the object of study and its incidence in reality. For this, three teachers from the area of mathematics in each institution were selected, considered as key informants, since they will be in charge of supplying the diagnostic information and, from there, emphasizing the qualitative method using triangulation as the main method of analysis, from which emerged some categories that ensured the need to transform the praxis of the teacher, for this reason a proposal based on the Singapore method and on mathematical competences has been designed for the teachers of the indicated context.
Estimation of models and cycles in time series applying fractal geometry
Authors: Pérez H J Gallardo , Pérez O A Gallardo , Suárez J P Rojas
Published: October 2019

A time series, also called a time series or chronological series, consists of a set of data, coming from realizations of a random variable that are observed successively in time. Its analysis involves the use of statistical methods to adjust models to explain their behavior and make reliable forecasts. In this article integrated autoregressive models of moving average are adjusted to the studied series, complemented with specific methods of fractal geometry as support for the detection of the existence of random cycles in the series. The present investigation implies the realization of simulations, in a first phase and, later, the analysis of temporal series of economic and social variables of the country and the region.
The Educaplay interactive platform for the learning of mathematics in populations with special educational needs
Authors: Salazar L A Sánchez , Pérez H J Gallardo , Paz Montes L S
Published: October 2019

Mathematics, in populations with Special Educational Needs, must be worked from the context of the students and with problems that they can show leading them to apply the concepts and solutions to everyday life. In this context, the present study is based on the objective of implementing pedagogical strategies based on the use of the Educaplay interactive platform for the learning of mathematics in populations with special educational needs in the “Carmen Teresiano” school in the city of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. From the theoretical point of view, it is based on humanist theory and the cognitive paradigm; on the other hand, it is based on the manual of the teacher of children with special educational needs of the “Ministerio de Educación”, Chile. Methodologically, it is a quasi-experimental study of pre- and post-test with only one group. The results of the pretest reflect deficiencies in the use of basic mathematical contents in the target population, which allowed for the design and implementation of an intervention plan and then to reapply, under the same conditions, the post-test. This resulted in an increase in the execution of the questions posed, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the intervention plan.