bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revolutionizing Children's English Vocabulary Acquisition: The Power of Games “My Talking Tom”
Authors: Supriatna Nana , Muhria Lanlan , Rofi’i Agus
Published: August 2024

This study examines how interactive digital games, particularly "My Talking Tom," can transform how children acquire English vocabulary. By focusing on this popular virtual pet game, the research assesses its effectiveness in combining entertainment with educational benefits. Using a descriptive qualitative case study approach grounded in Skinner's theory, data were collected through direct observation. , the study investigates how the game's features—such as its dialogue, character interactions, and context-based language—aid in vocabulary learning. The results indicate that "My Talking Tom" captivates children and enhances their vocabulary skills through engaging and practical language exposure. The study highlights the potential for digital games as innovative educational tools, suggesting a shift in traditional language learning methods through technology.
Geochemical Constraints on Granulites of the Central Indian Shield: Key Insights into Crustal Evolution
Authors: Alam Meraj
Published: August 2024

Granulites are significant rocks that are eminent by distinct factors. One of the vital factors is that these rocks are counterparts of middle and lower crustal rocks because they are ready for fairly rational pressure-temperature estimation, existing on the borderline between melting and metamorphism. In the central Indian shield, the granulite belts commonly occur along the shear zones within the Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ). The CITZ is a collage of different granulite belts, including Bhandara-Balaghat Granulite (BBG), Ramakona Katangi Granulite (RKG), and Makrohar Granulite (MKG) belts from south to north, which correspond to a multiphase orogenic evolution during Late Paleoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic time. Previously, numerous investigations were carried out in the central Indian shield, which are majorly refrained based on phase equilibria, thermobarometry, and metamorphic reactions. Geochemical and geochronological data sets may indicate that the granulite and granitic magmatism connected with the acidic magmatism during the Columbian crustal assembly
Reaksi Pasar Modal Terhadap Kebijakan Investasi, Kebijakan Pendanaan dan Kebijakan Dividen
Authors: Ria Angriani
Published: August 2024

This study aims to examine and describe the reaction of capital market (cummulative abnormal return) in investment policy, funding policy and dividend policy. Investment policy is measured using capital expenditure, funding policy is measured by changes in debt to equity ratio (∆DER) and dividend policy is measured by dividend payout ratio (DPR). This research is classified as literature review to provide some information needed by persons  related to the company and capital market participants. The study find that almost all research in capital market though cummulative abnormal return are effect by the management policies in investment, funding and dividend.
Return On Assets Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba Perusahaan Consumer Goods Tahun 2018 – 2021
Authors: Jelita Anggraini  , Muhammad Rivandi
Published: August 2024

Profit Growth is the change in the growth rate of revenue generated by a company. Profit growth is basically to recognize how much progress the company's achievements have achieved in a certain period of time. This study aims to find out and analyze how much influence Return On Assets (ROA) and Company Size have. The population in this study were consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2018 – 2021 which were selected using the purposive sampling method and obtained 29 consumer goods companies over a period of 4 years so that 116 samples were observed. The data analysis method used in this study is the panel data regression method. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, that Return On Assets (ROA) has a positive effect on profit growth and firm size has a negative effect on profit growth.
Analisis Penerapan Akuntansi Dan Kesesuaiannya Dengan SAK ETAP Pada UMKM
Authors: Muhammad Saleh Siregar  , Nurlaila Nurlaila  , Atika Atika
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine how the application of accounting based on SAK ETAP. This research was conducted using a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques in this study using observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The analysis technique used is using data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Based on data analysis, the results showed that several MSME players in Lau Dendang Village have not implemented SAK ETAP in running their businesses. MSMEs already have financial statement records but the records carried out are still simple.
Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional, Struktur Modal, Komite Audit dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Profitabilitas
Authors: Rayhanna Fadilla  , Roza Fitriawati
Published: August 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of institutional ownership, capital structure, audit committee and company size on profitability in food and beverage sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019 - 2023 period as many as 138 companies. The data used in this research was obtained from financial report data. The population in this study are food and beverage sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used was the purposive sampling method and 190 sample data were obtained from 38 companies. The analysis technique used in this research is a multiple linear regression analysis test using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The results of this research show that the Institutional Ownership, Capital Structure and Company Size have a positive and significant effect on profitability, while the Audit Committee has no effect on profitability
Edukasi Moderasi Beragama Melalui Seni dan Budaya Islam
Authors: Hasan Moch. Sya'roni , Ma'arif Muhammad Anas , Ainiyah Qurrotul
Published: August 2024

The educational program for religious moderation through Islamic arts and culture for Generation Z at MI Bahrul Ulum Gedongboyo, Turi, Lamongan aims to instill moderate, inclusive and tolerant Islamic values. Adopting a participatory action research (PAR) approach, this program integrates the concept of religious moderation into the curriculum through Islamic arts and culture. Implementation includes the development of learning modules, extracurricular activities, and integration into regular subjects. Results show a significant increase in students' understanding of religious moderation, positive changes in attitudes towards diversity, and the ability to express moderate Islamic values ??through works of art. Key challenges include the diversity of student backgrounds and limited resources. The success of the program opens up opportunities for development and replication in other Islamic educational institutions. A holistic approach that integrates cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects is the key to success. This program makes a significant contribution in forming a young generation of moderate and tolerant Muslims, as well as offering an innovative model in religious education to face the challenges of radicalism and intolerance
Desafios e avanços no entendimento e tratamento dos transtornos alimentares
Authors: Coelho Luiza Rocha Pinto , Batista Lorena Rodrigues , Silva Ariel Caríssimo Barbosa , Ramos Ana Caroline Ribeiro , Fagundes Letícia Mendes , Barros Bárbara Ervilha , Belfort Raquel Leal de Alcântara , Vieira Milena Rodriguez Vallejos , Cavalcanti Anna Thereza Leite , Silva Ricardo Rúbio Campos
Published: August 2024

Os transtornos alimentares (TA) têm se tornado uma preocupação crescente globalmente, exigindo uma atenção mais robusta e recursos adequados para pesquisa. Essas condições complexas, como anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa e transtorno da compulsão alimentar, afetam significativamente tanto a saúde física quanto mental dos indivíduos. A prevalência de TA aumentou notavelmente, especialmente durante a pandemia de COVID-19, com taxas de incidência subindo de 3,4% para 7,8% entre 2000 e 2018. Apesar do avanço no diagnóstico e nas opções de tratamento, muitos pacientes ainda enfrentam desafios significativos, com apenas 20% buscando ajuda profissional e menos de metade conseguindo alcançar uma remissão completa. A falta de compreensão detalhada sobre a fisiopatologia dos TA e a natureza multifatorial dessas doenças complicam o desenvolvimento de tratamentos eficazes. As abordagens atuais incluem terapias multidisciplinares, como a terapia cognitivo-comportamental e o uso de antidepressivos, mas novos tratamentos, como neuromodulação e psicodélicos, estão sendo explorados. A intervenção precoce é crucial para melhorar os resultados e reduzir o estigma associado aos TA, incentivando a busca por assistência profissional.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS PARA A INCLUSÃO DE ALUNO COM AUTISMO
Authors: Cruz Camila Júlia de Carvalho da , Pereira Magaly Jeane Freire , Pires Juliana Boaventura Souza , Elias Luciete Aparecida de Assis , Ferreira Patrícia Maria da Silva , Dias Suzelita Eterna Meneses , Martins Juliana Alves , Oliveira Cristina Abadia da Costa , Massaroni Bruna Santos
Published: August 2024

O mundo vem passando por diversas transformações principalmente no que envolve as tecnologias que estão cada vez mais digitais, oferecendo diversas possibilidades para o mundo da educação. Através das ferramentas tecnológicas dentro da escola é possível a construção de ambientes para que o educando com autismo possa vencer suas dificuldades, pois o ser humano com autismo possuí dificuldades em se comunicar, com sua linguagem e com a interação social. Com a utilização das tecnologias digitais é possível a construção de diversificadas experiências para que o educando portador da síndrome do espectro autista consiga vencer os obstáculos que possuí e consigam dessa maneira seres incluídos na escola e em consequência fora dela. Sendo importante que para a utilização dessas tecnologias de forma efetiva no processo de inclusão do educando autista que exista um planejamento do educador para a utilização das ferramentas certas de acordo com as especificidades e dificuldades do educando e principalmente auxilio dos sistemas de ensino para o fornecimento dessas tecnologias
A CONFIANÇA ALHEIA COMO CRITÉRIO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO DO NEGÓCIO JURÍDICO INTER VIVOS E A VONTADE DO TESTADOR JUNTO AO CAUSA MORTIS
Authors: Romiti Angela Patrício Müller
Published: August 2024

A problemática da interpretação do negócio jurídico em geral, mas particularmente no campo contratual, encontra-se na fixação de seu conteúdo, compreensão e extensão de seu objeto - a vontade. Como expressão máxima da autonomia privada, busca-se através da exegese, como fim último, a vontade contratual. Com efeito, entre declaração (feição externa) e vontade (feição interna) há presunção relativa de correspondência que, contudo, cederá ante a patológica e reconhecida inexistência, em prol da vontade. Deveras, equívoca a ideia de que a declaração volta-se ao sentido atribuído exclusivamente pelo autor, mas, ao revés, indispensável o concurso do elemento subjetivo da confiança alheia, em especial do destinatário e terceiros - quando estes também interessados na declaração de vontade. Trata-se de dever anexo, cuja gênese é a boa fé na execução do contrato. Por outro lado, difere-se, da interpretação do negócio jurídico mortis causa  posto que este é estranho a criação de confiança alheia. Como ato de disposição de última vontade – unilateral – o testamento presta-se à organização dos interesses do testador post mortem, e, por conseguinte difere-se, essencialmente, em seu critério interpretativo – privilegia-se, assim, o sentido pretendido e atribuído pelo testador excluindo-se a confiança alheia de seu esquadrinhamento para alcance do real sentido. Essa dupla e rara contraposição dos critérios interpretativos não encontrados na doutrina nacional são essenciais, e investigados através da metodologia da revisão bibliográfica. Partindo-se do conceito de negócio jurídico, seguido pela interpretação do negócio jurídico inter vivos e causa mortis, estabelecem-se suas distinções e conclui-se, ao final, pela ignota confiança alheia junta às disposições de última vontade, cujo critério norteador há de ser tão somente a vontade do testador.
Impact of downtime on reducing aerobic bacterial counts in cleaned and disinfected trailers
Authors: Amass Sandra , Thompson Bob , Dimmich Kim , Gaul Angie , Schneider Jessica
Published: August 2024

Swab samples from upper and lower deck floors of nine swine breeding-stock trailers were collected before, immediately after, 1 day after, and 2 days after washing, disinfecting, and drying the trailers. Time after decontamination procedures (downtime) did not affect median aerobic bacterial counts.
Effects of farrowing induction on suckling piglet performance
Authors: Gunvaldsen R , Waldner C , Harding John
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To compare growth performance and survivability in piglets of induced sows and in gestational-age-matched piglets of noninduced sows; to evaluate a novel intra-abdominal injection site; and to determine the incidence of adverse reactions to cloprostenol. Materials and methods: The 122 sows in this study were allocated to two treatment groups or served as controls. Treatments consisted of two 1-mL (87.5-μg) injections of cloprostenol administered at a 6-hour interval on gestation day 114, either vulvomucosally (VM) or intra-abdominally (AB) into the external abdominal oblique muscle. Controls received two 1-mL injections of sterile saline administered at a 6-hour interval. Results: Average gestation length in noninduced and induced sows was 117.0 and 115.1 days, respectively (P < .001), with no differences between the VM and AB groups. For every day of gestation, piglet growth rate increased 26 g per day (P < .01). Body weights at 16 days of age were 576 grams lower (P < .01), and the relative risk of morbidity was 2.0 times higher (P < .01), in piglets of induced sows. There was a tendency towards higher mortality during lactation in piglets of induced sows. Implications: Piglets born to sows induced 2 days before the herd’s average gestation length grew more slowly and suffered higher risk of morbidity during lactation compared to piglets of noninduced sows. It is important to understand the objectives of a farrowing induction program and the average gestation length of specific sow subpopulations in herds to avoid production loss associated with premature farrowings.
Acute and prolonged effects of ammonia on hematological variables, stress responses, performance, and behavior of nursery pigs
Authors: von Borell Ebby , Ozpinar A , Eslinger K , Schnitz A , Zhao Y , Mitloehner Frank
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To determine acute and prolonged effects of 35 and 50 ppm concentrations of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) on welfare of weaned pigs. Materials and methods: Two experiments were conducted using gas exposure chambers to investigate prolonged effects (Experiment One; 19 days) and acute effects (Experiment Two; 96 hours) of NH3. Each experiment included two studies: exposure to NH3 at 0 and 35 ppm and at 0 and 50 ppm. In Experiment One, body weight, hematological and metabolic variables, and serum cortisol and haptoglobin were assessed, and behaviors were video-taped. In Experiment Two, serum cortisol and haptoglobin and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α were measured. Results: Absolute counts of white blood cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes were greater in pigs exposed to 35 ppm NH3 than in controls (P < .05). Serum haptoglobin was higher in pigs exposed to 50 ppm NH3 for 7 and 19 days than in controls (P < .05). Serum cortisol concentrations were greater in pigs exposed to 35 or 50 ppm NH3 for 19 days than in controls (P < .05). Less feeding behavior was observed in pigs exposed to 50 ppm NH3 than in controls (P < .05). In acute studies, serum cortisol concentrations were greater in pigs exposed to NH3 than in controls (P < .05). Implications: Under the conditions of these studies, prolonged exposure to NH3 is associated with increases in absolute monocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts and in serum cortisol and haptoglobin concentrations, but has no effect on pig growth performance.
Evaluation of the thermo-assisted drying and decontamination system for sanitation of a full-size transport vehicle contaminated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Authors: Dee Scott , Torremorell Montse , Thompson R , Cano Jean-Paul , Deen John , Pijoan C
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To determine whether full-size livestock trailers serve as a source of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection for naive swine, to test the thermo-assisted drying and decontamination (TADD) system in full-size trailers, and to test a method to quantify moisture in trailers post TADD. Methods: Five donor pigs infected with PRRSV (Day 0) were confined within a full-size trailer for a 4-hour contamination period on Days 3 to 7 (five replicates). After each contamination period, a group of five PRRSV-naive recipients (25 pigs total) replaced the donor pigs in the pen for 4 hours. The pen was not washed or sanitized between donor and recipient groups. Recipients were tested for PRRSV by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) post exposure. To test the efficacy of TADD, the trailer was washed, 15 pre-selected interior sites were contaminated with PRRSV, and the TADD system was applied for 2 hours. Swabs collected from the sites at 0, 60, and 120 minutes post treatment were tested by RT-PCR and swine bioassay. A drag-swab technique was developed to measure residual moisture post TADD. Results: Infection of recipient pigs was observed in three replicates. At 0 and 60 but not 120 minutes post TADD, trailer swabs were RT-PCR-positive. Moisture in the drag swabs differed (P < .001) at 0, 60, and 120 minutes post TADD. Implications: Under the conditions of this study, PRRSV-contaminated transport vehicles are a source of infection for naive pigs. The TADD system is efficacious for decontaminating and drying PRRSV-positive trailers.
Effects of water-based antimicrobials on growth performance of weanling pigs
Authors: Gottlob Russell , Dritz Steve , Tokach Mike , DeRouchey Joel , Goodband Robert , nelssen Jim , Hastad Chad , Groesbeck Crystal , Neill Casey
Published: August 2024

Objective: To compare growth performance of nursery pigs provided antimicrobials through the feed or water. Materials and methods: Two experiments were performed using weaned pigs in a randomized complete block design. Experiment One treatments included non-medicated feed and water; feed containing neomycin sulfate and oxytetracycline (neo-oxy); water containing neomycin sulfate; water containing oxytetracycline; and water containing both neomycin sulfate and oxytetracycline. Experiment Two treatments included nonmedicated feed and water; feed containing neo-oxy; water containing neomycin sulfate at 38.0, 75.5, and 113.5 mg per L; feed containing neomycin sulfate at 157 and 314 mg per kg; and both feed and water containing neo-oxy. Pigs were weighed and feed intake was measured to determine average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency, and water disappearance was measured. Results: In pigs provided diets containing neo-oxy and pigs provided neomycin sulfate in the water or feed, ADG and ADFI were greater (P < .048) than in pigs provided nonmedicated water and feed. Productivity of pigs provided neomycin sulfate did not differ from that of pigs provided neomycin sulfate plus oxytetracycline. However, productivity in Experiment One was better when pigs were treated in feed rather than in water because of a lower than expected dosage delivered in the water. Implications: Under the conditions in this study, growth performance is better when neomycin sulfate is administered either in the feed or drinking water than when no antimicrobial is provided, with a similar response to both methods of delivery.
Effect of piglet birth weight on weights at weaning and 42 days post weaning
Authors: Smith Alison , Stalder Kenneth , Serenius Timo , Baas Tom , Mabry John
Published: August 2024

Objective: To model the effects of birth weight on preweaning survival and weights at weaning and at 42 days post weaning. Materials and methods: Individual birth-weight and weaning-weight records of 2467 pigs weaned at 14 to 21 days old were partitioned into nine categories incrementally increasing or decreasing by 0.5 SD (0.16 and 0.68 kg, respectively) from the mean (1.57 and 5.80 kg, respectively). To study the effect of birth weight on weight at subsequent phases, fixed effects of birth-weight category and parity of dam were included in the model for weights at weaning and 42 days post weaning. To evaluate the effect of weaning weight on weight at 42 days post weaning, fixed effects of weaning-weight category and parity of dam were included. Results: From birth to weaning, maximum piglet survival (93.8% to 97.1%) was attained in birth-weight categories 2, 3, and 4, and poorest survivability (71.2% to 79.6%) was observed in birth-weight categories 1, 5, and 7. Weight at 42 days post weaning increased with heavier birth-weight category (P < .001) and with heavier weaning-weight category (P < .001). Parity of dam was a source of variation (P < .01) for weights at weaning and 42 days post weaning. Implications: Differences in body weight at birth are perpetuated, so that pigs lighter at birth are still lighter at 42 days post weaning. Pigs of primiparous sows have a growth disadvantage. Producers should consider alternatives for managing underweight pigs on an individual herd basis.
First confirmed occurrence of classical swine fever in Kerala state, India
Authors: Ravishankar Chintu , Priya P , Mini M , Rameshkumar P , Senthamil Selvan P , Jayesh V , Sunil K , Sharmadha M , Sreekumaran T , Jayaprakasan V
Published: August 2024

This case study describes the first detection of classical swine fever (CSF) in Kerala state, India. Two cases of acute mortality in small-scale pig farming units were investigated. In both cases, affected pigs had been maintained on uncooked waste and were not vaccinated against CSF. Anorexia, hyperaemia of the ears, pyrexia, and convulsions were the primary clinical signs observed in both cases. Clinical signs exhibited, necropsy lesions, and histopathological findings suggested a diagnosis of CSF. Diagnosis was confirmed by detection of CSF viral nucleic acid by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in samples collected from both dead pigs. In Kerala, hereafter, differential diagnosis of acute mortality in pigs should include CSF. Suitable screening and control measures are to be implemented to prevent further outbreaks of the disease in this state.
Effects on growth performance, feed efficiency, and health of weanling pigs fed fermented liquid whey inoculated with lactic acid bacteria that inhibit Escherichia coli in vitro
Authors: del Rocio Amezcua Maria , Friendship Robert , Dewey Catherine , Weese Scott , de Lange Cornelius , Reid Gregor
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To determine the fermentation dynamics of liquid whey-dextrose (FLWD) inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and whether feeding FLWD inoculated with LAB and added to a basal dry diet without antibiotics affects growth, feed efficiency, and health of weanling pigs. Materials and methods: One hundred and forty newly weaned pigs were assigned to five dietary treatments (four pens of seven pigs per treatment). Three FLWD preparations inoculated with either human- or pig-origin LAB strains were added to a basal dry feed. The fourth FLWD preparation contained no LAB. The fifth diet was the basal dry feed containing 0.1% lincomycin (control). LAB strains were mixed with FLWD prior to fermentation. Dry matter (DM), pH, and LAB counts of diets were measured daily during the 5-day fermentation period and the first 2 days of storage. Growth performance was recorded and rectal swabs were collected weekly. Fecal consistency was evaluated daily. Results: The pH and DM of fermented feed decreased and total LAB increased over time. Average daily gain and feed intake were highest in controls. Prevalence and severity of diarrhea were greater in pigs consuming LAB-inoculated diets than in control pigs. Mortality did not differ among treatment groups. Fewer hemolytic Escherichia coli were recovered from pigs fed FLWD. Implications: Fermented liquid feeds do not consistently promote better growth performance and health in weanling pigs. Use of LAB in starter feed may inhibit enteric E coli; however, further studies are needed to determine whether specific strains of LAB may prevent postweaning diarrhea.
Tonsilar crypt exudate to evaluate shedding and transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus after inoculation with live field virus or vaccination with modified live virus vaccine
Authors: Fangman Thomas , Kleiboeker Steve , Coleman Melinda
Published: August 2024

Two isolated groups of 44 seven-week-old principal pigs were confirmed negative for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) by testing blood samples by ELISA and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Pigs were then inoculated (Day 0) with serum containing a field strain of PRRSV (LVI) or were vaccinated with a commercial modified live virus PRRS vaccine (MLV). Blood samples and tonsilar scrapings were collected on Day 14 and tonsilar scrapings on Days 28, 42, 56, 70, 100, 130, and 160 for testing by RT-PCR soon after collection. When 90% of pigs were PCR-negative (Day 130), three PRRSV-naive sentinel pigs were introduced per pen of LVI and MLV pigs. No sentinels had seroconverted when tested by ELISA 30 days later. Tonsilar crypt exudate and RT-PCR-positive serum samples from the principal pigs were pooled to create homogenates for a swine bioassay. Three-week-old PRRSV-naive pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with PRRSV-positive tonsilar crypt exudate pools (15 pigs), PRRSV-positive serum pools (five pigs), or PRRSV-negative tonsilar crypt exudate pools (five pigs). When tested by ELISA 30 days later, all 20 pigs inoculated with PRRSV-positive pools were seropositive and the five pigs inoculated with PRRSV-negative pools were seronegative.
Evaluation of alternative antemortem diagnostic samples for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Authors: Patterson Abby , Karriker Locke , Evans Richard , Yoon Kyoung-Jin
Published: August 2024

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of two minimally invasive methods of blood collection and a reference method. Materials and methods: Blood samples were collected from 30 pigs at 7 and 8 weeks of age. Fifteen pigs were then inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) VR-2332 and 15 remained uninoculated. Pigs were sampled weekly for 7 weeks post inoculation (PI) using a reference sample (jugular vein sample) and two index samples (whole blood from the auricular vein collected either with a sterile polyester swab or using a capillary tube system). All samples were tested by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using established protocols. Continuous sample data for the three sampling methods were compared by analysis of the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of qPCR testing for all samples ranged from 93% to 100% for weeks 1 through 3 PI. Results of ELISA testing depended on cutoff selection. Optimized ELISA sample:positive (S:P) ratio cutoffs for swab-sample data were significantly lower (mean S:P ratio cutoff = 0.08, SD = 0.05) than the industry standard (0.4). When the industry standard cutoff of 0.4 was utilized, swab-sample sensitivity ranged from 20.0% to 55.6% over weeks 2 through 7 PI. Implications: Diagnosis of viremic animals using qPCR can be equivalently accomplished using any of the sampling methods. PRRS ELISA status can be determined using any of the sampling methods if an alternative S:P ratio cutoff is used.
Planned exposure to porcine circovirus type 2 by serum injection is not effective at preventing porcine circovirus associated disease
Authors: Thomas Peter , Opriessnig Tanja , Juhan Nicole , Meng Xiang-Jin , Halbur Patrick
Published: August 2024

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of injecting serum containing porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) or PCV2 antibodies in preventing porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD). Materials and methods: Seventy pigs were each randomly assigned to one of 10 groups (n = 7). Two groups per treatment were injected intraperitoneally (Day 0) with saline or with serum collected from pigs at the acute or convalescent stages of PCV2 infection, or from pigs with high levels of passively acquired antibodies. The remaining two groups were vaccinated with an experimental live chimeric vaccine containing PCV types 1 and 2 (PCV1-2). Half of the groups were challenged with PCV2 intranasally and intramuscularly at Day 16 and the remaining groups at Day 35. All pigs were necropsied 21 days post challenge. Results: No significant differences were detected among groups challenged at Day 16. However, among groups challenged at Day 35, less severe lymphoid depletion (PÂ =Â .04) and lower levels of virus in serum (P < .05) were observed in the group vaccinated with PCV1-2. One pig treated with saline and one treated with serum developed clinical signs and systemic lesions consistent with severe PCVAD. Implications: Under the conditions of this study, serotherapy does not prevent PCV2 infection or development of PCV2-associated lesions or disease in pigs challenged 16 or 35 days post treatment. Pigs treated with serum containing live PCV2 are at risk to develop PCVAD. The live chimeric PCV1-2 vaccine used in this study is effective in controlling PCV2 viremia and minimizing PCV2-associated lesions.
Oregano oil as an alternative to antimicrobials in nursery diets
Authors: Ragland Darryl , Schneider Jessica , Stevenson Deborah , Hill Michael , Bakker Michael
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the growth-promoting potential of oregano oil in nursery pigs and evaluate the effect of oregano oil concentration on palatability, feed intake, and growth. Materials and methods: In Experiment One, 180 seventeen-day-old Yorkshire-Landrace pigs were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments, including an unsupplemented, unmedicated basal diet (Control) and the basal diet supplemented with either 55 g per tonne carbadox (Phibro Animal Health, Ridgefield Park, New Jersey) or 1.5 kg per tonne oregano oil (Van Beek Scientific, Orange City, Iowa). In Experiment Two, 160 twenty-one-day-old Yorkshire-Landrace pigs were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, including an unsupplemented, unmedicated basal diet (Control) and the basal diet supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 kg per tonne oregano oil. Growth parameters were assessed during a 35-day period in each experiment. Results: In Experiment One, pigs fed the carbadox-supplemented diet and Control diet exhibited higher average daily gain (ADG) and better feed utilization than pigs fed oregano oil (P < .05). In Experiment Two, pigs fed oregano oil at 1.5 kg per tonne achieved the highest ADG (P < .05). Feed utilization was similar (P > .05) in groups fed oregano oil at 1.0 and 1.5 kg per tonne. Pigs fed the Control diet achieved higher ADG and better feed utilization than pigs fed oregano oil at 0.5 kg per tonne (P < .05). Implications: Oregano oil supplementation does not support pig growth equivalently to antimicrobial feed additives. Feed intake is not negatively influenced by palatability of oregano oil.
Effect of out-of-feed events and diet particle size on pig performance and welfare
Authors: Brumm Michael , Colgan Sheryl , Bruns Kelly
Published: August 2024

Objective: To determine the impact of repeated out-of-feed events on pig performance. Materials and methods: In each of two experiments, out-of-feed events of 20-hour duration were created by closing the feeder delivery devices from noon until 8:00 am the following morning. In Experiment One, the treatments were never or weekly out-of-feed events for a 16-week period, and 1266-micron versus 1019-micron mash feed-particle size. In Experiment Two, the treatments were zero, one, two, or three out-of-feed events on random days every 2-week period in the 16-week study. In each experiment, there were four pens per treatment combination or treatment and 15 pigs per pen. Results: Weekly events resulted in a 68-g per day lower daily gain for the first 8 weeks (growing period; P < .001), and 35-g per day lower gain over the entire trial (P < .01), compared to the never out-of-feed treatment, with no impact on feed conversion (P > .05). Feed conversion was better when feed particle size was 1019 microns versus 1266 microns (P < .01). In Experiment Two, there was a linear decrease in daily gain with increasing numbers of out-of-feed events during the first 8-week period (P < .01), with no impact during the second 8-week period. There was no effect of treatments on feed conversion. Implications: Repeated out-of-feed events have a bigger impact on growing pigs than on finishing pigs, with the impact expressed as lower weight gain with no effect on feed conversion.
Oral-fluid samples for surveillance of commercial growing pigs for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 infections
Authors: Prickett John , Kim Wonil , Simer Robert , Yoon Kyoung-Jin , Zimmerman Jeff
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To validate the use of oral fluids to detect infections with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in three commercial swine herds. Materials and methods: Oral-fluid and serum samples were collected from one barn on each of three PRRSV-infected finishing sites. Six pens per barn (20 to 30 pigs per pen) were sampled repeatedly, beginning when the pigs entered the facilities (3 weeks of age), and then at 5, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age. Serum samples were tested using a commercial PRRS ELISA. Both serum and oral-fluid samples were tested for PRRSV by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and oral fluids were tested for PCV2 by quantitative PCR. Results: Site One pigs seroconverted to PRRS at 8 to 12 weeks of age, and Site Two and Three pigs at 5 to 8 weeks of age. At all sites, individual serum samples tested PCR-negative for PRRSV in pigs 3 and 5 weeks old, while > 1 sample tested positive in pigs 8, 12, and 16 weeks old. Overall, there was 77% agreement between oral-fluid and serum pen-level results. At all sites, PCV2 was repeatedly detected in oral fluids. Implications: Oral-fluid samples may be used to monitor PRRSV and PCV2 infections in commercial production systems. PRRS virus is detectable in oral fluids for 3 to 8 weeks, and PCV2 may be detectable for > 8 weeks. Sampling at 2- to 4-week intervals is recommended for surveillance of PRRSV and PCV2.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis following unexpected Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae diagnosis in a gilt multiplication herd
Authors: Harding John
Published: August 2024

Lung tissue from multiple pigs from a serologically negative gilt multiplication barn unexpectedly tested positive for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescent antibody test. While sporadic coughing, dyspnea, and unthriftiness were noted on initial examination, the clinical presentation was atypical of mycoplasmal pneumonia. A detailed diagnostic investigation, including a follow-up visit, examination at slaughter, serological testing, additional necropsies, PCR, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, confirmed the herd’s M hyopneumoniae-negative status. This report highlights the importance of a thorough clinical and diagnostic examination following an unexpected positive laboratory result. Moreover, the excellent feedback and collaboration with the diagnostic laboratory in this case facilitated the continuous improvement of laboratory services for the mutual benefit of the laboratory’s clientele.
Efficacy of a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterin in pigs challenged with two contemporary pathogenic isolates of M hyopneumoniae
Authors: Strait Erin , Rapp-Gabrielson Vicki , Erickson Barbara , Evans Richard , Taylor Lucas , Yonkers Therese , Keich Rob , Jolie Rika , Thacker Eileen
Published: August 2024

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M hyo) bacterin against two contemporary field isolates of M hyo. Materials and methods: Two challenge studies were performed in which pigs received two doses of either saline (nonvaccinated groups) or an M hyo bacterin (vaccinated groups), followed 3 weeks later by intratracheal inoculation of each pig with one of two M hyo field isolates. Necropsies were performed 28 or 30 days post challenge. Vaccine efficacy was determined by evaluating macroscopic lung lesions, DNA levels of M hyo in bronchial alveolar lavage fluids (BALF), M hyo-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG antibodies, and serum antibodies measured by the Tween 20 and DAKO enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: The percentage of macroscopic lung lesions and concentration of M hyo DNA in BALF samples post challenge with either isolate were significantly less in vaccinated than in nonvaccinated pigs (P < .05). M hyo-specific mucosal IgA and IgG antibody levels in BALF were significantly higher in the vaccinated pigs than in the nonvaccinated pigs. Implications: Under the conditions of these studies, fewer M hyo organisms and fewer macroscopic lesions of pneumonia are observed when pigs are vaccinated with an M hyo bacterin prior to challenge with contemporary virulent M hyo field isolates. Vaccination is an effective tool to reduce pneumonia induced by M hyo, although more studies are needed to determine protection against a wide range of field isolates.
Achromobacter xylosoxidans in extended semen causes reproductive failure in artificially inseminated sows and gilts
Authors: Payne Brian , Clark Sherrie , Maddox Carol , Ness Amanda
Published: August 2024

Achromobacter xylosoxidans, a Pseudomonas-like bacterium, contaminated a boar stud laboratory’s water distillation and delivery system that was used for extension of raw semen for artificial insemination. In sow herds that used the contaminated semen, conception rates decreased and vulvar discharges, culled sows, and nonproductive sow days increased. Thorough diagnostic testing revealed that A xylosoxidans was the etiological agent of endometritis and subsequent reproductive failure in these sows and gilts. This is the first known report of female reproductive failure attributed to A xylosoxidans. Routine cleaning and control measures to reduce bacterial growth in the extender ultimately failed to eliminate A xylosoxidans. Following short-term elimination of A xylosoxidans from the extended semen, reproductive parameters in the sow herds returned to their previous levels.
Pelatihan Living Hadits Bagi Santri Pondok Pesantren Darussalam Parmeraan Kecamatan Sipongot Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara Sumatera Utara
Authors: Siregar Ilham Ramadan , Ritonga Raja , Hamid Asrul , Akhyar Akhyar , Amiruddin Amiruddin , Nst Andri Muda , Ritonga Syaipuddin , Hasibuan Sri Wahyuni
Published: August 2024

Living Hadith is a concept in Islam that has an important role as a source of inspiration in everyday life. This concept refers to Islamic teachings that are alive and relevant to the context of society. The application of Living Hadith can help students to overcome daily life problems and provide guidance in behavior. Therefore, a better understanding of the concept of Living Hadith needs to be improved among students. This training aims to help participants instill students' understanding of living hadith studies. This training activity was carried out at the Darussalam Parmeraan Islamic boarding school located in Parmeraan Village, Sipiongot District, North Padang Lawas Regency, North Sumatera. The research method used is to conduct a pre-test at the beginning of the training, followed by presentation activities, and discussions on understanding living hadith. Then continued with questions and answers continued with evaluation through post-test activities. The results of the service show that students of the Darussalam Parmeraan Islamic boarding school need to understand that Living Hadith is a relevant Islamic teaching to be applied in the context of modern society. A better understanding of Living Hadith can help students in solving daily life problems and provide guidance in behaving in accordance with Islamic teachings.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF RELATIONSHIP MARKETING IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Zolotareva Yuliya , Hubulova Veronika , Serdyukova Ol'ga , Laskovyy Aleksandr
Published: August 2024

In the civil service system, a serious problem is the recruitment of highly qualified personnel and their retention in senior positions. Marketing plays a key role in the recruitment system in the civil service. Personnel marketing can solve all the problems of recruitment, adaptation and personal growth of a civil servant.
Probability of Corporate Bankruptcy over Two Periods of Crisis (2007-2010 vs 2019-2022): Application to Italian Manufacturing SMEs Using a Three Years Rating Model
Authors: Muscettola Marco
Published: August 2024

Predicting corporate insolvencies over the last three years is more complex than in the past. An empirical analysis of a sample of 2,823 SMEs operating in Northern Italy in the manufacturing sector, shows that the logistic function created to discriminate the firms that became insolvent after three years, has a lower level of accuracy when it’s built over the last period of crisis (2019-2022). The companies that entered into default status in 2022, therefore, had, three years earlier, a greater volatility of the averages of financial ratios such as to induce greater misclassifications in a hypothetical statistical forecasting model. The study compares the global financial crisis during years between 2008-2012, which had the highest peak of insolvency in 2010/2011, with the current global crisis that began with the COVID19 pandemic and has continued with the war in Ukraine and related problem of price increases. The analysis aims to detect the differences between firms of 2019 that became insolvent in 2022 compared to a previous crisis period (2007-2010).
Les procédés de la satire dans Jacques le Fataliste et son maitre de Diderot
Authors:   Université Cheikh-Anta-Diop,  Sénégal, Ndiaye Abdou
Published: August 2024

La Présente étude porte sur les stratégies du discours. et de l’argumentation comme satire contre le comportement des femmes, du destin (le grand rouleau), de la médecine, de la morale, de la religion et de ses institutions, des superstitions et des croyances dont s‘entourent les religions dans Jacques le Fataliste. Les résultats obtenus visent à montrer que la satire se construit sur plusieurs procédés rhétoriques comme l’ironie, l’humour, la raillerie, le sarcasme, le persiflage, la dérision et la moquerie. (Il serait souhaitable que l’auteur précise l’approche ou les approches utilisée pour analyser ses données).
La représentation des animaux chez Alain MABANCKOU
Authors:   Université Marien Ngouabi, Congo, NGOYI Guy Noé
Published: August 2024

We propose to study the representation of animals in the novels of Alain Mabanckou. They are of various kinds and constitute the very foundation of literary texts. Their recurrence and persistence allow the astute reader to observe the bad behavior of man in society. Certain animals relate to fables or ancient mythology, to the protective totems of an individual, a clan, a family; others refer to wild and domestic bestiaries. They all serve to depict the vices of man, to correct them. The thematic method makes it possible to highlight the power of obsession of each animal, to identify its meaning.
Analisis Fenomena Resesi Ekonomi Indonesia Dimasa Pandemi Virus Covid-19
Authors: Regina Inesta  , Alexandra Hukom
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini berfokus pada situasi resesi dari ekonomi indonesia akibat dari penyebaran wabah covid-19.metode yang digunakan dari penelitain ini adalah kualitatif dengan penyederhanaan deskriptif pada data yang sudah terkumpul. Dampak dari resesi ekonomi selama pandemi COVID-19 sangat dirasakan oleh para pekerja. Pengurangan tenaga kerja atau bahkan penutupan perusahaan yang terjadi selama resesi dapat berdampak besar pada pekerja. Ini dapat meningkatkan tingkat pengangguran dan membuat mencari pekerjaan baru menjadi sulit. Pada tingkat perusahaan, resesi dapat mengakibatkan pengurangan jam kerja atau pemotongan gaji karyawan, yang pada gilirannya dapat menyebabkan penurunan pendapatan dan kesulitan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup. Selain itu, situasi resesi dan pengangguran dapat menyebabkan tingkat stres dan kecemasan yang tinggi bagi para pekerja. Pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan resesi ekonomi global dan berdampak besar pada berbagai sektor industri, seperti pariwisata, perhotelan, restoran, dan hiburan. Sebaliknya, sektor kesehatan, teknologi, dan e-commerce memiliki performa yang lebih baik. Resesi juga memperlihatkan ketergantungan global pada rantai pasokan yang terintegrasi dan penting bagi pemerintah untuk mengambil tindakan dengan kebijakan fiskal dan moneter yang tepat serta membantu usaha kecil dan menengah. Meskipun demikian, pandemi membawa peluang untuk mengembangkan sektor baru dan mendorong perubahan ekonomi yang lebih berkelanjutan. Pemerintah harus memperhatikan dampak sosial dari kebijakan ekonomi dan mendorong perubahan menuju ekonomi yang lebih berkelanjutan.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Toko (Point Of Sales) Berbasis Website di UMKM Hijab Nafisa
Authors: Ridho Awang Sudrajat  , Enny Aryanny
Published: August 2024

Transaction management at Hijab Nafisa used to be done manually, causing errors in record keeping and periodic inventory checks, resulting in inefficient service. The author designed an information system using PHP as the programming language and MySQL as the database. This paper described the analysis and design of a store management information system (point of sales) that has successfully facilitated the transaction process and inventory checks. After that, a system test was carried out and compared with the old method of manual and ineffective information transaction processes, resulting in a proposed system that facilitated the transaction process and inventory checks. Additionally, there was also ease in data reporting that could be printed out for easy reading.
Strategi Pemasaran Gula Aren dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Desa Sikara Tobata, Kecamatan Sindue Tobata, Kabupaten Donggala
Authors: Fadli  , Asngadi  , Harnida Wahyuni Adda
Published: August 2024

Abstrak
Di Desa Sikara Tobata tanaman aren merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memilik nilai ekonomis yang tinggi sehingga sangat prospektif dalam pengembangannya dan memiliki peluang yang sangat besar dalam meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat di desa tersebut. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pendekatan survei dengan mewawancarai 4 pelaku usaha gula aren melalui pertanyaan terbuka. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah strategi pemasaran yang dilakukan  dengan melakukan 4 bauran pemasaran (4P) yaitu (1) Produk : mempertahankan dan melakukan peningkatan kualitas produk (2) Harga : melakukan penetapan harga dengan orientasi biaya (3) Promosi: melakukan pelatihan pengunaan media sosial dalam melakukan promosi gula aren dan membantu pelaku usaha gula aren dalam mencari mitra (4) Tempat : gula aren diproduksi di Desa Sikara Tobata secara tradisional sebagai industri skala rumah tangga serta membentuk kerjasama kemitraan terhadap para pengusaha gula aren