bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Inner-Shelf Dynamics Experiment
Authors: Kumar Nirnimesh , Lerczak James A. , Xu Tongtong , Waterhouse Amy F. , Thomson Jim , Terrill Eric J. , Swann Christy , Suanda Sutara H. , Spydell Matthew S. , Smit Pieter B. , Simpson Alexandra , Romeiser Roland , Pierce Stephen D. , de Paolo Tony , Palóczy André , O’Dea Annika , Nyman Lisa , Moum James N. , Moulton Melissa , Moore Andrew M. , Miller Arthur J. , Mieras Ryan S. , Merrifield Sophia T. , Melville Kendall , McSweeney Jacqueline M. , MacMahan Jamie , MacKinnon Jennifer A. , Lund Björn , Di Lorenzo Emanuele , Lenain Luc , Kovatch Michael , Janssen Tim T. , Haney Sean R. , Haller Merrick C. , Haas Kevin , Grimes Derek J. , Graber Hans C. , Gough Matt K. , Fertitta David A. , Feddersen Falk , Edwards Christopher A. , Crawford William , Colosi John , Chickadel C. Chris , Celona Sean , Calantoni Joseph , Braithwaite Edward F. , Becherer Johannes , Barth John A. , Ahn Seongho
Published: December 2020

The inner shelf, the transition zone between the surfzone and the midshelf, is a dynamically complex region with the evolution of circulation and stratification driven by multiple physical processes. Cross-shelf exchange through the inner shelf has important implications for coastal water quality, ecological connectivity, and lateral movement of sediment and heat. The Inner-Shelf Dynamics Experiment (ISDE) was an intensive, coordinated, multi-institution field experiment from September–October 2017, conducted from the midshelf, through the inner shelf, and into the surfzone near Point Sal, California. Satellite, airborne, shore- and ship-based remote sensing, in-water moorings and ship-based sampling, and numerical ocean circulation models forced by winds, waves, and tides were used to investigate the dynamics governing the circulation and transport in the inner shelf and the role of coastline variability on regional circulation dynamics. Here, the following physical processes are highlighted: internal wave dynamics from the midshelf to the inner shelf; flow separation and eddy shedding off Point Sal; offshore ejection of surfzone waters from rip currents; and wind-driven subtidal circulation dynamics. The extensive dataset from ISDE allows for unprecedented investigations into the role of physical processes in creating spatial heterogeneity, and nonlinear interactions between various inner-shelf physical processes. Overall, the highly spatially and temporally resolved oceanographic measurements and numerical simulations of ISDE provide a central framework for studies exploring this complex and fascinating region of the ocean.
Hazardous Weather Communication En Español: Challenges, Current Resources, and Future Practices
Authors: Trujillo-Falcón Joseph E. , Bermúdez Orlando , Negrón-Hernández Krizia , Lipski John , Leitman Elizabeth , Berry Kodi
Published: December 2020

According to recent Census data, the Hispanic or Latino population represents nearly 1 in 5 Americans today, where 71.1% of these individuals speak Spanish at home. Despite increased efforts among the weather enterprise, establishing effective risk communication strategies for Spanish-speaking populations has been an uphill battle. No frameworks exist for translating weather information into the Spanish language, nor are there collective solutions that address this problem within the weather world. The objective of this article is threefold. First, the current translation issue in Spanish is highlighted. Through research conducted at the NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center, situations are revealed where regional varieties of Spanish contributed to inconsistent risk messaging across the bilingual weather community. Second, existing resources are featured so that interested readers are aware of ongoing efforts to translate weather information into Spanish. Organizations within the weather service, like the NWS Multimedia Assistance in Spanish Team and the NWS Spanish Outreach Team, are highlighted for their pioneer work on Spanish weather communication. Last, a framework for translation standardization in the atmospheric sciences is introduced, along with future initiatives that are being sought by NWS and AMS to enhance Spanish hazardous weather communication.
Global Within-Season Yield Anomaly Prediction for Major Crops Derived Using Seasonal Forecasts of Large-Scale Climate Indices and Regional Temperature and Precipitation
Authors: Iizumi Toshichika , Takaya Yuhei , Kim Wonsik , Nakaegawa Toshiyuki , Maeda Shuhei
Published: December 2020

Weather and climate variability associated with major climate modes is a main driver of interannual yield variability of commodity crops in global cropland areas. A global crop forecasting service that is currently in the test operation phase is based on temperature and precipitation forecasts, while recent literature suggests that crop forecasting services may benefit from the use of climate index forecasts. However, no consistent comparison is available on prediction skill between yield models relying on forecasts from temperature and precipitation and from climate indices. Here, we present a global assessment of 26-yr (1983–2008) within-season yield anomaly hindcasts for maize, rice, wheat, and soybean derived using different types of statistical yield models. One type of model utilizes temperature and precipitation for individual cropping areas (the TP model type) to represent the current service, whereas the other type relies on large-scale climate indices (the CI model). For the TP models, three specifications with different model complexities are compared. The results show that the CI model is characterized by a small reduction in the skillful area from the reanalysis model to the hindcast model and shows the largest skillful areas for rice and soybean. In the TP models, the skill of the simple model is comparable to that of the more complex models. Our findings suggest that the use of climate index forecasts for global crop forecasting services in addition to temperature and precipitation forecasts likely increases the total number of crops and countries where skillful yield anomaly prediction is feasible.
Peritoneal Lavage Cytology Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Low Yield in Detecting Peritoneal Metastases
Authors: Young Stephanie , Ou Ryan , Dehal Ahmed , O’Connor Victoria V. , DiFronzo L. Andrew
Published: December 2020

Background

Peritoneal lavage cytology (PLC) can detect advanced disease in gastric adenocarcinoma (GC); however, routine practice remains controversial. Furthermore, the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on cytological detection of carcinomatosis is unknown.

Methods

Using a 2012-2020 prospective database, we retrospectively reviewed patients with GC who underwent NAC followed by a staging laparoscopic peritoneal lavage with or without biopsy of suspicious peritoneal nodules. PLC results were considered discordant if they did not align with the peritoneal biopsy results. Patients with benign peritoneal cytology (Cyt-) or biopsy results who had postoperative time to carcinomatosis of <6 months were considered to have diagnostic failure of peritoneal lavage.

Results

Fifty-five patients with GC who underwent NAC followed by staging diagnostic laparoscopy with peritoneal lavage were identified. The majority of the patients in the cohort had Cyt- lavage (89.1%). Of the patients who underwent resection, 76.1% had T3 or greater disease on final pathology and 66% had nodal metastases. In 23 patients (41.8%) who had both peritoneal lavage and biopsy, four cases (17.4%) had discordant results. Diagnostic failure rate was 20% at 6 months and 42.2% at 12 months. The median time to carcinomatosis in patients who were Cyt- or biopsy negative was 7.9 months.

Conclusion

PLC after NAC has a high diagnostic failure rate and inaccurately predicts carcinomatosis in 20% of patients with GC. Novel methods for identifying cytology positive GC after NAC should also be developed and evaluated, since the risk of peritoneal dissemination is high.
Health care providers and people with mental illness: An integrative review on anti-stigma interventions
Authors: Carrara Bruna Sordi , Fernandes Raquel Helena Hernandez , Bobbili Sireesha Jennifer , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena
Published: December 2020

Background:

Health care providers are an important target group for anti-stigma interventions because they have the potential to convey stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness. This can have a detrimental impact on the quality and effectiveness of care provided to those affected by mental illness.

Aims and methods:

Whittemore & Knafl’s integrative review method (2005) was used to analyze 16 studies investigating anti-stigma interventions targeting health care providers.

Results:

The interventions predominantly involved contact-based educational approaches which ranged from training on mental health (typically short-term), showing videos or films (indirect social contact) to involving people with lived experiences of mental illness (direct social contact). A few studies focused on interventions involving educational strategies without social contact, such as mental health training (courses/modules), distance learning via the Internet, lectures, discussion groups, and simulations. One study investigated an online anti-stigma awareness-raising campaign that aimed to reduce stigmatizing attitudes among health care providers.

Conclusion:

Anti-stigma interventions that involve social contact between health care providers and people with mental illness, target specific mental illnesses and include long-term follow-up strategies seem to be the most promising at reducing stigma towards mental illness among health care providers.
Lay Conceptions of Modesty in China: A Prototype Approach
Authors: Shi Yuanyuan , Gregg Aiden P. , Sedikides Constantine , Cai Huajian
Published: December 2020

We investigated lay conceptions of modesty in China (谦虚) using a prototype approach. First, a sample of Chinese participants spontaneously listed the characteristics of modest persons. Independent coders then edited these into 112 exemplars, and further grouped them into 34 categories (Study 1). Categories that subsumed more frequently occurring items were deemed more prototypical. Second, another sample of Chinese participants directly rated these categories for how well they corresponded with the concept of modesty (Study 2). Thereafter, frequencies and ratings were algorithmically integrated, permitting categories to be ranked into three broad divisions: central, peripheral, and marginal. Finally, the ordinal validity of divisions was confirmed by having a third sample of Chinese participants rate the modesty of individuals exhibiting traits from within each division (Study 3). Lay conceptions of modesty in China only partly corresponded to those in previous Western samples. Among those categories that were shared, some were central in both China and the West (FRIENDLY, NOT CONCEITED), others only in China (LOW-KEY, POLITE, EASYGOING, AUTHENTIC). Furthermore, several central categories were unique to China (TAKES-CRITICISM, STEADY, CAUTIOUS, ASPIRING). Our findings inform ongoing conceptualizations of modesty in a cross-cultural context.
Counterspeech and Ordinary Citizens: How? When?
Authors: Fumagalli Corrado
Published: December 2020

Central to the still-nascent normative literature on counterspeech is the widespread belief that citizens should engage discursively with haters and the effects of hate speech. It is also increasingly clear that discursive engagement with intolerant members of society should be understood as a continuous and extended series of different and connected actions. Much less has been said about the ways that attempts in persuasion and direct responses to hate speech relate to one another and about when specific counterspeech actions should happen. This essay advances a more expansive and refined account of counterspeech, which is understood as a combination of continuous discursive engagement with intolerant members of society and acts of distancing from haters (shaming, correcting falsehoods, “Not in my name” campaigns, protests, and forms of discursive exit). After reconsidering discursive agency distribution (that is, who is an active participant, how, and when) around public hate speech, I show that continuous discursive engagement with intolerant members of society should be interrupted by visible acts of distancing when haters make hateful representative claims.
Reporting Bayesian Results
Authors: Rindskopf David
Published: December 2020

Because of the different philosophy of Bayesian statistics, where parameters are random variables and data are considered fixed, the analysis and presentation of results will differ from that of frequentist statistics. Most importantly, the probabilities that a parameter is in certain regions of the parameter space are crucial quantities in Bayesian statistics that are not calculable (or considered important) in the frequentist approach that is the basis of much of traditional statistics. In this article, I discuss the implications of these differences for presentation of the results of Bayesian analyses. In doing so, I present more detailed guidelines than are usually provided and explain the rationale for my suggestions.
Outcomes of Surgical Repair Versus Primary Tenodesis for Proximal Rectus Femoris Avulsion Injuries in Professional Athletes
Authors: Kayani Babar , Singh Sandeep , Chang Justin S. , Magan Ahmed A. , Plastow Ricci , Haddad Fares S.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Surgical repair of proximal rectus femoris avulsion injuries is associated with prolonged periods of rehabilitation and highly variable risk of injury recurrence. Surgical tenodesis of these injuries is often reserved for recurrent injuries or revision surgery. To our knowledge, the outcomes of proximal rectus femoris avulsion injuries treated with surgical repair versus primary tenodesis have not been previously reported.

Hypothesis:

Primary tenodesis of proximal rectus femoris avulsion injuries is associated with reduced risk of injury recurrence as compared with surgical repair.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This study included 25 patients (22 male and 3 female) who underwent surgical repair versus 30 patients (26 male and 4 female) who received primary tenodesis for proximal rectus femoris avulsion injuries. Predefined outcomes were recorded at regular intervals after surgery. Mean follow-up time was 27.9 months (range, 24.0-31.7 months) from date of surgery.

Results:

All patients returned to their preinjury levels of sporting activity. Primary tenodesis was associated with earlier return to preinjury level of sporting function as compared with surgical repair (mean ± SD, 12.4 ± 1.6 vs 15.8 ± 2.2 weeks; P < .001) and reduced risk of recurrence (0% vs 16%; P < .001). At 1-year follow-up, there was no difference in surgical repair versus primary tenodesis relating to patient satisfaction scores (12 very satisfied and 13 satisfied vs 16 very satisfied and 14 satisfied; P = .70), isometric quadriceps strength (95.6% ± 2.8% vs 95.2% ± 6.3%; P = .31), Tegner scores (median [interquartile range], 9 [8-9] vs 9 [8-9]; P = .54), and lower extremity functional scores (73 [72-76] vs 74 [72-75]; P = .41). High patient satisfaction, quadriceps muscle strength, and functional outcome scores were maintained and remained comparable between treatment groups at 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

Primary tenodesis was associated with reduced time for return to preinjury level of sporting function and decreased risk of injury recurrence when compared with surgical repair for proximal rectus femoris avulsion injuries. There were no differences in patient satisfaction, functional outcome scores, and quadriceps muscle strength between the treatment groups at 1- and 2-year follow-up.
Prone Positioning in Moderate to Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Due to COVID-19: A Cohort Study and Analysis of Physiology
Authors: Shelhamer Mehdi C. , Wesson Paul D. , Solari Ian L. , Jensen Deanna L. , Steele William Alex , Dimitrov Vihren G. , Kelly John Daniel , Aziz Shazia , Gutierrez Victor Perez , Vittinghoff Eric , Chung Kevin K. , Menon Vidya P. , Ambris Herman A. , Baxi Sanjiv M.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) but it is unknown whether prone positioning improves outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with moderate to severe ARDS due to COVID-19.

Methods:

A cohort study at a New York City hospital at the peak of the early pandemic in the United States, under crisis conditions. The aim was to determine the benefit of prone positioning in mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS due to COVID-19. The primary outcome was in-hospital death. Secondary outcomes included changes in physiologic parameters. Fine-Gray competing risks models with stabilized inverse probability treatment weighting (sIPTW) were used to determine the effect of prone positioning on outcomes. In addition, linear mixed effects models (LMM) were used to assess changes in physiology with prone positioning.

Results:

Out of 335 participants who were intubated and mechanically ventilated, 62 underwent prone positioning, 199 met prone positioning criteria and served as controls and 74 were excluded. The intervention and control groups were similar at baseline. In multivariate-adjusted competing risks models with sIPTW, prone positioning was significantly associated with reduced mortality (SHR 0.61, 95% CI 0.46-0.80, P < 0.005). Using LMM to evaluate the impact of positioning maneuvers on physiological parameters, the oxygenation-saturation index was significantly improved during days 1-3 ( P < 0.01) whereas oxygenation-saturation index (OSI), oxygenation-index (OI) and arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO2: FiO2) were significantly improved during days 4-7 (P < 0.05 for all).

Conclusions:

Prone positioning in patients with moderate to severe ARDS due to COVID-19 is associated with reduced mortality and improved physiologic parameters. One in-hospital death could be averted for every 8 patients treated. Replicating results and scaling the intervention are important, but prone positioning may represent an additional therapeutic option in patients with ARDS due to COVID-19.
Differences in Multimorbidity among Cisgender Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Adults: Investigating Differences across Age-Groups
Authors: Caceres Billy A. , Travers Jasmine , Sharma Yashika
Published: December 2020

Objectives: Despite increased risk for chronic disease, there is limited research that has examined disparities in multimorbidity among sexual minority adults and whether these disparities differ by age. Methods: Data were from the 2014–2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We used sex-stratified multinomial logistic regression to examine differences in multimorbidity between sexual minority and heterosexual cisgender adults and whether hypothesized differences varied across age-groups. Results: The sample included 687,151 adults. Gay, lesbian, and bisexual adults had higher odds of meeting criteria for multimorbidity than same-sex heterosexual adults. These disparities were greater among sexual minority adults under the age of 50 years. Only other non-heterosexual men over the age of 50 years and lesbian women over the age of 80 years were less likely to have multimorbidity than their same-sex heterosexual counterparts. Discussion: Health promotion interventions to reduce adverse health outcomes among sexual minorities across the life span are needed.
Talk like an expert: The construction of expertise in news comments concerning climate change
Authors: Coen Sharon , Meredith Joanne , Woods Ruth , Fernandez Ana
Published: December 2020

This article explores how readers of UK newspapers construct expertise around climate change. It draws on 300 online readers’ comments on news items in The Guardian, Daily Mail and The Telegraph, concerning the release of the International Panel on Climate Change report calling for immediate action on climate change. Comments were analysed using discursive psychology. We identified a series of discursive strategies that commenters adopted to present themselves as experts in their commentary. The (mostly indirect) use of category entitlements (implicitly claiming themselves as expert) and the presentation of one’s argument as factual (based on direct or indirect technical knowledge or common sense) emerged as common ways in which readers made claims to expertise, both among the supporters and among the sceptics of climate change science. Our findings indicate that expertise is a fluid concept, constructed in diverse ways, with important implications for public engagement with climate change science.
The association between reflective function and global functionality in patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Bezerra Glaydcianne Pinheiro , Laskoski Pricilla Braga , Terra Luciana , Ramos-Lima Luis Francisco , Serralta Fernanda Barcellos , Hauck Simone
Published: December 2020

Objective:

To examine the association between reflective function and global functionality in borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients, controlling for symptomatology and defensive style.

Method:

Thirty-nine female inpatients were evaluated employing a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interview for Personality Disorders-II (SCID-II), the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), the Defence Style Questionnaire-40 (DSQ-40) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF).

Results:

Functionality was inversely associated with the reflective function uncertainty score (–.458; p < .01) and neurotic defences (–.335; p < .05). Symptom severity (SRQ-20) was associated with the use of immature defences (–.445; p < .01). The association between functionality and the reflective function uncertainty score remained significant, even when controlled for symptoms and defensive style ( p = .002).

Conclusion:

The ability to mentalise seems to play a central and somehow independent role in BPD psychopathology.
Adult Chinese Immigrants Learning English
Authors: Larrotta Clarena , Adversario Jan
Published: December 2020

This article provides an account of a group of adult Chinese immigrants learning English at a cultural center serving the local Asian community. The focus of this teacher-research descriptive case study is on learner experiences as they relate to transition theory and Confucian learner principles and as these materialized through classroom participation. Using transition theory as a lens, the article establishes connections with Confucian learning principles as they emerged in the data collected. Therefore, study findings are presented under four themes: Self, Situation, Strategies, and Support. In view of the Confucian philosophy of learning, the participants’ stories illustrate their understanding of teacher authority, collaborative learning, function of effort, and pursuit of lifelong learning. Thus, the article examines how the learners were adapting or struggling with different daily life aspects that require the use of the English language. Learning English served as catalyst for the adult learners to achieve their goals in the new community and culture.
Added Value of Early Consultation of an Inpatient Palliative Care Team in Hospitalized Older Patients With High Symptom Burden: A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Naaktgeboren Myrthe W. , Magdelijns Fabienne J. H. , Janssen Daisy J. A. , van den Beuken-van Everdingen Marieke H. J.
Published: December 2020

Background:

It is estimated that in 2050 one quarter of the population in Europe will be aged 65 years and older. Although the added value of a palliative care team is emphasized in the literature, the impact of the palliative care team on the symptom burden in older non-cancer patients is not yet well established.

Objectives:

To structurally measure symptoms and to investigate whether proactive consultation with a palliative care team results in improvement of symptoms.

Design:

This study has a prospective comparative design.

Setting/Participants:

Older patients, admitted to a Dutch University Medical Centre for who a health care professional had a negative response to the Surprise Question, were selected.

Measurements, Results:

In period one, 59 patients completed the Utrecht Symptom Diary (USD) at day one of admission and after 7 days. In period 2 (n = 60), the same procedure was followed; additionally, the palliative care team was consulted for patients with high USD-scores. Significant improvement on the USD Total Distress Score (TSDS) was observed in both groups without a difference between the 2 periods. This study showed an association between consultation of the palliative care team and improvement on USD TSDS (adjusted odds ratio: 4.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.816-13.198), despite low follow-up rate of advices (approximately 50%).

Conclusions:

This study emphasizes the importance of creating awareness for consulting the palliative care team. Further research should focus on assessing the reason behind the low follow-up rate of the advice given and understanding the specific advices contributing to symptom improvement.
Variations in War Crimes During the Sierra Leone Civil War
Authors: Mullins Christopher W.
Published: December 2020

This article explores the nature of, and variation within, war crimes committed during the Sierra Leone civil war. Drawing upon testimonies given before the Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Committee and from trials held by the Special Court for Sierra Leone, this article establishes that crimes were committed by all belligerents in the war. However, the type of crime, the frequency, and the motivation of crimes varied widely among the different armed forces. By contexting these acts within the aims, composition, and position of the various warring parties, this article discusses the role violations of the Geneva Conventions played in the short- and long-term goals of each army.
A novel robust finite-time tracking control of uncertain robotic manipulators with disturbances
Authors: Razmjooei Hamid , Shafiei Mohammad Hossein , Abdi Elahe , Yang Chenguang
Published: December 2020

In this article, an innovative technique to design a robust finite-time state feedback controller for a class of uncertain robotic manipulators is proposed. This controller aims to converge the state variables of the system to a small bound around the origin in a finite time. The main innovation of this article is transforming the model of an uncertain robotic manipulator into a new time-varying form to achieve the finite-time boundedness criteria using asymptotic stability methods. First, based on prior knowledge about the upper bound of uncertainties and disturbances, an innovative finite-time sliding mode controller is designed. Then, the innovative finite-time sliding mode controller is developed for finite-time tracking of time-varying reference signals by the outputs of the system. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed control laws is illustrated for serial robotic manipulators with any number of links through numerical simulations, and it is compared with the nonsingular terminal sliding mode control method as one of the most powerful finite-time techniques.
Community Approaches to Sexual Assault: VAWA’s Role and Survivors’ Experiences
Authors: Zweig Janine , Farrell Lauren , Walsh Kelly , Yu Lilly
Published: December 2020

This article reviews two types of community-based approaches to addressing sexual assault that survivors may encounter—sexual assault nurse examiners and victim advocates from nonprofit community agencies—and highlights ways that the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) and its reauthorizations have influenced this work. We also review information on the intersections of the work of these providers with police and prosecutors and include how these relate to survivors’ experiences. We conclude with thoughts that look forward to future research on these issues emphasizing authentic engagement of practitioners and survivors in the research process.
Blackness as Riot Control: Managing Civic Unrest Through Black Appeal Programming and Black Celebrity
Authors: Scepanski Philip
Published: December 2020

During the uprising that followed the police killing of George Floyd in 2020, black hip-hop artist Killer Mike appeared on television to ask that people remain nonviolent and in their homes. Similar events took place years earlier. James Brown performed a live concert on WGBH to keep Boston peaceful following Martin Luther King’s assassination in 1968. During the 1992 Los Angeles uprising, both The Cosby Show and The Arsenio Hall Show were used to similar ends. These examples demonstrate the ways in which television has activated black identity to quell certain forms of civil rights protest and implicate televisual discourses of liveness, domesticity, and public service.
Trauma, Psychopathy, and Antisocial Outcomes Among Community Youth: Distinguishing Trauma Events From Trauma Reactions
Authors: DeLisi Matt , Pechorro Pedro , Gonçalves Rui Abrunhosa , Maroco João
Published: December 2020

Psychopathy and trauma exposure are robustly associated with youth conduct problems, but the interrelation of these constructs is unclear. The objective of the present study is to examine psychopathy mediation effects related to trauma events and trauma reactions and juvenile delinquency, conduct disorder, crime seriousness, and proactive overt aggression outcomes. The sample consisted of N =388 ( M = 16.01 years, SD = 1.03 years, age range = 13–18 years) male youths from Portugal. Path analysis procedures revealed that psychopathy partially mediates the relation between trauma events and the juvenile delinquency, conduct disorder, crime seriousness outcomes, and fully mediates the relation between trauma events and the proactive overt aggression outcome. Trauma reactions have no direct significant effect on psychopathy, and psychopathy does not mediate the relation between trauma reactions and the examined outcomes. Research on trauma and adverse childhood experiences should encompass both events and reactions to those events as they have differential associations with psychopathy and externalizing outcomes. Trauma-informed service, supervision, and treatment is essential for understanding antisocial development and psychological maladjustment among youth.
A study on encoding-based oracle bone script recognition
Authors: Chen Tingzhu , Qian Yaoyao , Pei Jingyu , Wu Shaoteng , Wu Jiang , Li Lin , Tu Jung-yueh
Published: December 2020

Oracle bone script recognition (OBSR) has been a fundamental problem in research on oracle bone scripts for decades. Despite being intensively studied, existing OBSR methods are still subject to limitations regarding recognition accuracy, speed and robustness. Furthermore, the dependency of these methods on expert knowledge hinders the adoption of OBSR systems by the general public and also discourages social outreach of research outputs. Addressing these issues, this study proposes an encoding-based OBSR system that applies image pre-processing techniques to encode oracle images into small matrices and recognize oracle characters in the encoding space. We tested our methods on a collection of oracle bones from the Yin Ruins in XiaoTun village, and achieved a high accuracy rate of 99% within a time range of milliseconds.
Molecular surveillance and temporal monitoring of malaria parasites in focal Vietnamese provinces
Authors: Van Long Bui , Allen Genevieve , Brauny Melanie , Linh Le Thi Kieu , Pallerla Srinivas Reddy , Huyen Tran Thi Thu , Van Tong Hoang , Toan Nguyen Linh , Quyet Do , Son Ho Anh , Velavan Thirumalaisamy P.
Published: December 2020

Background

While the World Health Organization (WHO) Southeast Asia region has the second highest incidence of malaria worldwide, malaria in Vietnam is focal to few provinces, where delayed parasite clearance to anti-malarial drugs is documented. This study aims to understand Plasmodium species distribution and the genetic diversity of msp1 and msp2 of parasite populations using molecular tools.

Methods

A total of 222 clinical isolates from individuals with uncomplicated malaria were subjected to Plasmodium species identification by nested real-time PCR. 166 isolates positive for Plasmodium falciparum mono infections were further genotyped for msp1 (MAD20, K1, and RO33), and msp2 allelic families (3D7 and FC27). Amplicons were resolved through capillary electrophoresis in the QIAxcel Advanced system.

Results

Mono-infections were high and with 75% P. falciparum, 14% Plasmodium vivax and 9% P. falciparum/P. vivax co-infections, with less than 1% Plasmodium malariae identified. For msp1, MAD20 was the most prevalent (99%), followed by K1 (46%) allelic family, with no sample testing positive for RO33 (0%). For msp2, 3D7 allelic family was predominant (97%), followed by FC27 (10%). The multiplicity of infection of msp1 and msp2 was 2.6 and 1.1, respectively, and the mean overall multiplicity of infection was 3.7, with the total number of alleles ranging from 1 to 7.

Conclusions

Given the increasing importance of antimalarial drugs in the region, the genetic diversity of P. falciparum msp1 and msp2 should be regularly monitored with respect to treatment outcomes and/or efficacy studies in regions, where there are ongoing changes in the malaria epidemiology.
Correction to: The epidemiological characteristics of deaths with COVID-19 in the early stage of epidemic in Wuhan, China
Authors: Bai Jianjun , Shi Fang , Cao Jinhong , Wen Haoyu , Wang Fang , Mubarik Sumaira , Liu Xiaoxue , Yu Yong , Ding Jianbo , Yu Chuanhua
Published: December 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Partial contributions to the valence band of MO2, RuO2, and Rh2O3: Cooper minimum and extended cluster model calculations
Authors: Stoeberl V. , Guedes E. B. , Abud F. , Jardim R. F. , Abbate M. , Mossanek R. J. O.
Published: December 2020

We studied the partial contributions to the valence band spectra of MoO2, RuO2 and Rh2O3. The experimental technique of choice was the Cooper minimum method to X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The spectra were interpreted with an extended cluster model and compared to usual band structure calculations. We conclude that, for the correct description of the valence band, one must include charge transfer, final-state and many-body effects in the description of the electronic structure of these compounds, which can also be extended to other systems.
(Non-equilibrium) thermodynamics of integrable models: The Generalized Gibbs Ensemble description of the classical Neumann model
Authors: Barbier Damien , Cugliandolo Leticia F. , Lozano Gustavo S. , Nessi Nicolás
Published: December 2020

We study the motion of a classical particle subject to anisotropic harmonic forces and constrained to move on the

sphere. In the integrable-systems literature this problem is known as the Neumann model. We choose the spring constants in a way that makes the connection with the so-called p = 2 spherical disordered system transparent. We tackle the problem in the N → ∞ limit by introducing a soft version in which the spherical constraint is imposed only on average over initial conditions. We show that the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble, constructed with N conserved charges in involution, captures the long-time averages of all relevant observables of the soft model after sudden changes in the parameters (quenches). We reveal the full dynamic phase diagram with four different phases in which the particles' position and momentum are both extended, only the position quasi-condenses or condenses, and both condense. The scaling properties of the fluctuations allow us to establish in which of these cases the strict and soft spherical constraints are equivalent. We thus confirm the validity of the GGE hypothesis for the Neumann model on a large portion of the dynamic phase diagram.
Evolution of cooperation in multi-population
Authors: Chu Chen , Hu Die , Jiang Guangchen , Liu Chen , Liu Jinzhuo , Wang Zhen
Published: December 2020

Cooperative behavior is key to the survival of species in ecosystems. Here, we extend the traditional prisoner's dilemma game by proposing a multi-population model in which players can obtain a lower payoff via interactions with neighbors belonging to different populations than interactions within the same population. Then we study novel spatiotemporal dynamics of cooperation among multi-populations and find that fascinating pattern forms and spatiotemporal dynamic emerges, accompanied by the self-organization of populations. In particular, under favorable conditions, the system with fewer populations maintains cooperative behavior stability. While under adverse conditions the cycle between populations tends to collapse, leading to a lower level of cooperation. These observations highlight and explain why multi-populations greatly promote cooperative behavior in social dilemmas.
Pitfalls in RET Fusion Detection Using Break-Apart FISH Probes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Wu Shafei , Zhou Liangrui , Guo Yong , Zeng Xuan
Published: December 2020

Objective

A standardized procedure of fused REarranged during Transfection (RET) gene detection using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) remains to be established in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Our purpose was to investigate false-negative and false-positive events and their FISH signal characteristics.

Methods

A total of 111 PTC cases were analyzed using break-apart FISH probes for RET status evaluation. All FISH results were validated using fusion-induced asymmetric transcription assay (FIATA)-based reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR). Then, suspected RET-positive cases were tested using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR), followed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) for recognizing fusion variants.

Results

Thirty RET+ cases were revealed, including 20 CCDC6 (exon 1)-RET (exon 12), 6 NCOA4 (exon 8)-RET (exon 12), 1 NCOA4 (exon 7)-RET (exon 12), 1 CCDC186 (exon 7)-RET (exon 12), 1 ERC1 (exon 12)-RET (exon 12) and 1 SPECC1L (exon 9)-RET (exon 12) tumors. All RET fusion cases occurred in the BRAF- population, with a prevalence of 41.7% (30/72). Four cases of 8% to 13% (cutoff was 7.6%) dominant isolated 3′ green (IG) FISH signals were RET-. One FISH- case with isolated 5′ red (IR) signals with 94% abnormal tumor cells was demonstrated to be positive, harboring the NCOA4 (exon 7)-RET (exon 12) variant. Compared with RET fusions characterized by dominant break-apart signals with 29% to 100% aberrant cells, RET + with dominant IG-signal patterns all showed more frequent FISH+ cells (84%-92%). RET+ PTC with a break-apart signal pattern was more frequently found in unifocal lesions than in multifocal/bilateral tumors (P = 0.049).

Conclusions

A false-positive or false-negative event may exist for RET status detection in PTCs using the traditional FISH scoring method with break-apart probes.
Early Decline of Androgen Levels in Healthy Adult Men: An Effect of Aging Per Se? A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Banica Thiberiu , Verroken Charlotte , Reyns Tim , Mahmoud Ahmed , T’Sjoen Guy , Fiers Tom , Kaufman Jean-Marc , Lapauw Bruno
Published: December 2020

Context

Androgen levels have been shown to decline in aging men. However, there is no consensus on the effect of aging, (changes in) body mass index (BMI), lifestyle factors, and intercurrent disease.

Objective

Investigating longitudinal changes in serum androgen levels in healthy men in relation to body composition, lifestyle factors, and intercurrent disease.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Longitudinal, population-based sibling pair study at a university research center. 999 healthy men aged 24 to 46 years of whom 691 were reevaluated after a mean period of 12 years.

Main outcome measures

Serum SHBG, LH, and FSH levels measured using immuno-assays. Testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), dihydro-testosterone (DHT), and androstenedione (Adione) measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectometry, free T calculated (cFT).

Results

Baseline age was 34 ± 6 years. Mean BMI increased by 1.19 kg/m2, T levels decreased by 14.2% (20.8 nmol/L vs. 17.8 nmol/L), cFT by 19.1% (392 pmol/L vs. 317 pmol/L), DHT by 15.6% (1.5 nmol/L vs.1.3 nmol/L), and Adione by 10.7% (3.7 nmol/L vs. 3.3 nmol/L; all P < 0.001). E2 did not change over time. SHBG increased by 3.0% (39.8 nmol/L vs. 41.0 nmol/L), LH by 5.8% (4.6 U/L vs. 4.9 U/L) and FSH by 14.7% (4.3 U/L vs. 5.1 U/L) (all P < 0.001). For T, cFT, DHT, Adione, and SHBG, these longitudinal changes persisted after adjustment for confounders (all P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Serum androgen levels start declining early during adult life and independently from changes in BMI and other lifestyle factors, suggesting that aging per se leads to an altered sex steroid status. Given the concurrent rise in gonadotropin levels, the decline in androgen status most likely arises from primary decrease in testicular function.
Congenital Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Protracted Diarrhea in Mitchell–Riley Syndrome
Authors: Nóbrega Sara , Monteiro Mariana P , Pereira-da-Silva Luís , Pereira Sofia S , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens J , Barbosa Silva Raul , Cordeiro-Ferreira Gonçalo
Published: December 2020

Context

Mitchell–Riley syndrome due to RFX6 gene mutations is characterized by neonatal diabetes and protracted diarrhea. The RFX6 gene encodes a transcription factor involved in enteroendocrine cell differentiation required for beta-cell maturation. In contrast to the pathway by which RFX6 mutations leads to diabetes, the mechanisms underlying protracted diarrhea are unknown.

Objective

To assess whether glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was involved in the pathogenesis of Mitchell–Riley syndrome protracted diarrhea.

Methods

Two case report descriptions. in a tertiary pediatric hospital. “Off-label” treatment with liraglutide. We describe 2 children diagnosed with Mitchell–Riley syndrome, presenting neonatal diabetes and protracted diarrhea. Both patients had nearly undetectable GLP-1 plasma levels and absence of GLP-1 immunostaining in distal intestine and rectum. The main outcome was to evaluate whether GLP-1 analogue therapy could improve Mitchell–Riley syndrome protracted diarrhea.

Results

“Off-label” liraglutide treatment, licensed for type 2 diabetes treatment in children, was started as rescue therapy for protracted intractable diarrhea resulting in rapid improvement during the course of 12 months.

Conclusion

Congenital GLP-1 deficiency was identified in patients with Mitchell–Riley syndrome. The favorable response to liraglutide further supports GLP-1 involvement in the pathogenesis of protracted diarrhea and its potential therapeutic use.
S-glutathionylation of the Na+-K+ Pump: A Novel Redox Mechanism in Preeclampsia
Authors: Liu Chia-Chi , Zhang YunJia , Makris Angela , Rasmussen Helge H , Hennessy Annemarie
Published: December 2020

Context

Reduced Na+-K+ pump activity is widely reported in preeclampsia and may be caused by a reversible oxidative modification that is a novel pathological feature of preeclampsia.

Objective

This work aims to determine whether β 1 subunit (GSS-β 1) protein glutathionylation of the Na+-K + pump occurs in preeclampsia.

Methods

The GSS-β1 of the Na+-K+ pump and its subunit expression in human placentas were compared between women with healthy pregnancies and women with preeclampsia.

Human placental samples of pregnant women with preeclampsia (n = 11, mean gestational age 36.5 weeks) were used to examine the GSS-β 1 of the Na+-K+ pump, compared to healthy pregnancies (n = 11, mean gestational age 39 weeks).

The potential pathogenetic role of GSS-β 1-mediated Na+-K+ pump dysfunction in preeclampsia was investigated.

Results

Protein expression of the β 1 subunit was unchanged in placentas from women with preeclampsia vs those with normotensive pregnancies. Preeclamptic placentas had a significantly increased GSS-β 1 of the Na+-K+ pump compared to those from healthy pregnancies, and this was linked to a decrease in α 1/β 1 subunit coimmunoprecipitation. The cytosolic p47phox nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase subunit and its coimmunoprecipitation with the α 1 Na+-K+ pump subunit was increased in preeclamptic placentas, thus implicating NADPH oxidase–dependent pump inhibition.

Conclusions

The high level of β 1 pump subunit glutathionylation provides new insights into the mechanism of Na+-K+ pump dysfunction in preeclampsia.
Insulin-Stimulated Muscle Glucose Uptake and Insulin Signaling in Lean and Obese Humans
Authors: Ramos Paola A , Lytle Kelli A , Delivanis Danae , Nielsen Søren , LeBrasseur Nathan K , Jensen Michael D
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Skeletal muscle is the primary site for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, and muscle insulin resistance is central to abnormal glucose metabolism in obesity. Whether muscle insulin signaling to the level of Akt/AS160 is intact in insulin-resistant obese humans is controversial.

Methods

We defined a linear range of insulin-stimulated systemic and leg glucose uptake in 14 obese and 14 nonobese volunteers using a 2-step insulin clamp (Protocol 1) and then examined the obesity-related defects in muscle insulin action in 16 nonobese and 25 obese male and female volunteers matched for fitness using a 1-step, hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp coupled with muscle biopsies (Protocol 2).

Results

Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (Si) was reduced by > 60% (P < 0.0001) in the obese group in Protocol 2; however, the phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream effector AS160 were not different between nonobese and obese groups. The increase in phosphorylation of Akt2 in response to insulin was positively correlated with Si for both the nonobese (r = 0.53, P = 0.03) and the obese (r = 0.55, P = 0.01) groups. Total muscle GLUT4 protein was 17% less (P < 0.05) in obese subjects.

Conclusions

We suggest that reduced muscle glucose uptake in obesity is not due to defects in the insulin signaling pathway at the level of Akt/AS160, which suggests there remain significant gaps in our knowledge of muscle insulin resistance in obesity. Our data imply that models of acute lipotoxicity do not replicate the pathophysiology of obesity.
Improving Science by Overcoming Laboratory Pitfalls With Hormone Measurements
Authors: Hillebrand Jacquelien J , Wickenhagen Wjera V , Heijboer Annemieke C
Published: December 2020

Despite all the effort taken, there is often surprisingly little attention paid to the hormone analyses involved in research studies. Thinking carefully about the quality of the hormone measurements in these studies is, however, of major importance, as this attention to methods may prevent false conclusions and inappropriate follow-up studies. We discuss issues regarding hormone measurements that one should consider, ideally prior to starting, or otherwise, as they arise during a scientific study: quality of the technique, expertise, matrices, timing and storage conditions, freeze-thaw cycles, lot-to-lot and day-to-day variation, analyses per batch or sample-wise, singlicate or duplicate measurements, combining methods, and standardization. This article and the examples mentioned herein aim to clarify the need to pay attention to the hormone analyses, and to help in making decisions. In addition, these examples help editors and reviewers of scientific journals to pay attention to the methods section in the submitted manuscripts and ask the right critical questions when needed.