bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conflict resolution under the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Balmori de la Miyar Jose Roberto , Hoehn-Velasco Lauren , Silverio-Murillo Adan
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze conflict resolution strategies among individuals who encountered disputes with family, neighbors, workmates, businesses, strangers, government authorities or other members in their communities during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

Applying a difference-in-difference approach by sex, the authors use a representative panel of adults living in 82 cities from across Mexico to measure changes in antisocial strategies (violence) and prosocial strategies (non-confrontational methods and dialogue) to resolve disputes.

Findings

During the COVID-19 pandemic, men reduced their use of violence by 19.6% while women did so by 17.4%. There was a parallel rise in non-confrontational strategies used to solve conflicts equal to 73.6% for men and 62% for women. The use of dialogue as a tool for resolving disputes increased by more in cities that banned the sale of alcohol. Alternative Twitter data corroborates the main findings, suggesting that individuals are becoming more prosocial during the pandemic.

Originality/value

To the knowledge, this is the first empirical study to analyze changes in strategies for conflict resolution as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper contributes to the literature by demonstrating how individuals adapt their dispute strategies under extraordinary circumstances such as a pandemic, with a focus on a middle-income setting.
Development of green synthesized nanomaterials for hybrid vehicle applications
Authors: Jadhav Dayanand Bhaurao , Kokate Rajendra D.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Renewable energy alternatives and nanoscale materials have gained huge attention in recent years due to the problems associated with fossil fuels. The recyclable battery is one of the recent developments to address the energy requirement issues. In this work, the development of nanoscale materials is focused on using green synthesis methods to address the energy requirements of hybrid electric vehicles.

Design/methodology/approach

The current research focuses on developing metal oxide nanoscale materials (NANO-SMs). The Zno-Aloe vera NANO-SM is prepared using the green synthesis method. The developed nanoscale materials are characterized using analysis methods like FESEM, TEM, XRD and FTIR.

Findings

The average size of ZnO-Aloe vera mono-crystalline was recorded as 60–70 nm/Hexagonal shape. The nanoscale materials are used for the detection of LPG gases. The sensitivity observed was 48%. The response time and recovery time were recorded as 8–10 s and 230–250 s, respectively. The average size of SnO2-green papaya leaves poly-crystalline was recorded as 10–20 nm/powder form.

Originality/value

Nanoscale materials are developed using green synthesis methods for hybrid vehicle applications. The nanoscale materials are used for the detection of harmful gases in hybrid vehicles.
Identifying the factors of internal green marketing: a scale development and psychometric evaluation approach
Authors: Qureshi Ishtiaq Hussain , Mehraj Danish
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to perform a psychometric evaluation of the internal green marketing (IGM) scale in the context of consumer, industrial and service industry from a developing economy. Drawing on IGM theory, this study validates the measurement scales to operationalize IGM as green internal communication (GIC), green skill development (GSD) and green rewards (GRs).

Design/methodology/approach

The sample was drawn from the consumer, industrial and service industries in Jammu and Kashmir, India, using a random sampling method. Data were collected from consumer, industrial and service industries in two phases through a self-administrated questionnaire-based survey. In total, 137 managers responded during the first phase, and 368 managers responded during the second phase. During the first phase, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to uncover the underlying dimensions of IGM, and during the second phase, data were analyzed to test the validity of the IGM scale through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

Findings

EFA suggested a three-dimension scale (green internal communication (GIC), green skill development (GSD), and green rewards (GR)) which was confirmed by CFA. The findings of the study demonstrate that IGM is a valid and reliable scale to capture the individual-level perception of the employees with respect to the green internal marketing of an organization.

Practical implications

This paper is expected to provide valuable insights into the area of internal green marketing (IGM) about an industry that can be of immense help to domestic and international marketers in formulating human resource (HR)/marketing strategies. Further, it provides a wide-ranging scale that can act as a base for future research studies that aim to explore internal green marketing (IGM) in different organizational settings.

Originality/value

IGM is embedded in three underlying elements as GIC, GSD and GRs. It is suitable to the practitioner and researchers to operationalize IGM as a second-order construct in future studies.
Assessing Malaysia and Indonesia as emerging retail markets: an institution-based view
Authors: Jin Byoungho Ellie , Kim Gwia
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Despite the significant potential of Malaysia and Indonesia as emerging Southeast Asian retail markets, their nuanced differences in relation to global retailers have not been fully analyzed. Drawing the institutional theory, this study analyzed the institutional environments of Malaysian and Indonesian markets contrasting their similarities and differences in formal (i.e. explicit, regulatory) and informal (i.e. tacit normative and cultural-cognitive) institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis of this exploratory is based on a large number of publicly available sources, including research papers, government documents and reports. The paper triangulated the validity of the data with multiple sources, including scholars, business professionals and government officers at the chamber of commerce in the countries.

Findings

Although the two countries adjacently located in Southeast Asia share Islam as a major religion and the Bahasa language, there are significant differences in their formal institutions related to the retail environment, such as openness to foreign investment and retail infrastructure. Based on the analyses, this study provided recommendations for global retail companies targeting or planning to enter the Malaysian and Indonesian markets.

Originality/value

This paper was an original application of institutional theory to Malaysia and Indonesia and analyzed the two emerging economies where institutions vary and are less visible to many multinational companies.
Sponsor and ambush marketing during the 2018 Commonwealth Games on Twitter and Instagram
Authors: Scott Olan K.M. , Burton Nicholas , Li Bo
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This research explores ambush marketing on social media during the 2018 Commonwealth Games held in Australia. Two social media platforms – Twitter and Instagram – served as the dataset to uncover how official sponsors of the Canadian and Australian Commonwealth Games teams were ambushed.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing a content analysis of all official team sponsors and their competitors, the study’s findings offer an original and multi-national look into social media ambushing.

Findings

Results indicated that promoting Games’ links was the most common social media post type used by official event sponsors, followed by sharing results of their endorsed athletes and behind-the-scenes information.

Research limitations/implications

In an effort to provide connection to the event, posts by ambushers focused on promoting athletes endorsed by their brand. All ambushers were more likely to use Twitter to promote their endorsed athletes. Instagram, however, was not fully embraced in their ambush marketing.

Originality/value

Discussion and implications of the results provide sport marketers with information on how to leverage one’s link with a major sporting event.
Eight organizational enablers of digital service-sales ambidexterity in industrial firms
Authors: Classen Moritz , Friedli Thomas
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore organizational enablers of frontline employees’ (FLEs) service-sales ambidexterity (SSA) in industrial firms expanding their digital service portfolios.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a qualitative study of five industrial firms pursuing digital service growth and, for this purpose, collected and analyzed interview data obtained from 50 service and sales managers and FLEs across three continents.

Findings

The authors identify and explain eight organizational enablers of digital service-sales ambidexterity (DSSA), operating at the macro, micro and meso levels.

Practical implications

Service and sales managers should use the identified organizational enablers to exploit the established service business and to explore new digital growth paths.

Originality/value

The study expands the prior understanding of SSA by advancing the concept of DSSA, unpacking its multilevel dynamics and operationalizing eight organizational enablers.
The social media use of Muslim women in the Arabian Peninsula: insights into self-protective information behaviours
Authors: Buchanan Steven , Husain Zamzam
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose is to provide insight into the social media related information behaviours of Muslim women within Arab society, and to explore issues of societal constraint and control, and impact on behaviours.

Design/methodology/approach

The study conducted semi-structured interviews with Muslim women resident within the capital city of a nation within the Arabian Peninsula.

Findings

Social media provides the study participants' with an important source of information and social connection, and medium for personal expression. However, use is constrained within sociocultural boundaries, and monitored by husbands and/or male relatives. Pseudonym accounts and carefully managed privacy settings are used to circumvent boundaries and pursue needs, but not without risk of social transgression. The authors provide evidence of systematic marginalisation, but also of resilience and agency to overcome. Self-protective acts of secrecy and deception are employed to not only cope with small world life, but to also circumvent boundaries and move between social and information worlds.

Research limitations/implications

Findings should not be considered representative of Muslim women as a whole as Muslim women are not a homogenous group, and Arabian Peninsula nations variously more conservative or liberal than others.

Practical implications

Findings contribute to practical and conceptual understanding of digital literacy with implications for education programmes including social, moral and intellectual aspects.

Originality/value

Findings contribute to conceptual and practical understanding of information poverty, evidencing structural inequalities as a major contributory factor, and that self-protective information behaviours, often considered reductive, can also be expansive in nature.
Serious information in hedonic social applications: affordances, self-determination and health information adoption in TikTok
Authors: Song Shijie , Zhao Yuxiang Chris , Yao Xinlin , Ba Zhichao , Zhu Qinghua
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Hedonic social applications have been increasingly popular among health information consumers. However, it remains unclear what motivates consumers to adopt health information in hedonic applications when they have alternative choices of more formal health information sources. Building on the self-determination theory and the affordances lens, this study aims to investigate how different affordances on hedonic social applications affect consumers' basic psychological needs and further influence their intention to adopt health information on such applications.

Design/methodology/approach

As TikTok demonstrated great potential in disseminating health information, we developed a model that we analyze using the PLS-SEM technique with data collected from a valid research sample of 384 respondents with health information seeking or encountering experience in TikTok.

Findings

The results suggested that health information adoption in hedonic social applications is significantly predicted by the satisfaction of consumers' basic psychological needs, namely autonomy, relatedness and competence. Moreover, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs is positively affected by affordances provided by the hedonic social applications. The hedonic affordances positively influence autonomy satisfaction, while the connective affordances positively affect relatedness satisfaction, and the utilitarian affordances positively support competence satisfaction.

Originality/value

The study indicates that hedonic social applications such as TikTok could be an important channel for consumers to access and adopt health information. The study contributes to the literature by proposing a theoretical model that explains consumers' health information adoption and yields practical implications for designers and service providers of hedonic social applications.
Entrepreneurial culture and innovative work behaviour: the mediating effect of psychological empowerment
Authors: Nguyen Hoa Thi Nhu , Nguyen Huong Thi Thien , Truong Anh Thi Lan , Nguyen Thao Thi Phuong , Nguyen Anh Van
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to explore how entrepreneurial culture (EC) and psychological empowerment (PE) support innovative work behaviour (IWB) of employees in organizations. First, it examines the impact of EC on IWB. It also explores the mediating effect of PE to support the EC – IWB relationship. Accordingly, it suggests a mechanism model to explain the relationship between EC and IWB.

Design/methodology/approach

This is an empirical research using quantitative methods. Data were collected via both face-to-face and online surveys from 308 employees in Vietnamese enterprises. The partial least squares-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach was applied to test hypotheses in the research model.

Findings

Significant R-square values were achieved for both EC – PE and PE – IWB relationships, according to the PLS-SEM. The most interesting finding is the full mediating role of PE in the relationship between EC and IWB. Despite the non-significance in the direct impact of EC on IWB, the role of EC in promoting IWB is important in an indirect way through PE. The significant role of PE in facilitating IWB has been proven.

Originality/value

This research is one of the initial attempts to empirically build the roadmap from EC, as a typical type of organizational culture, through the mediating effect of PE to improve IWB. This roadmap provides top managers with a hierarchical view that effectively cascading interventions from the organizational level, such as EC, through a significant mediator as PE at the group level, and then down to IWB as a result at the individual level.
The impact of customer performance on IMC outcomes: firm size moderation in the inter-country context
Authors: Butkouskaya Vera , Llonch-Andreu Joan , Alarcón-del-Amo María-del-Carmen
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Taking the customer-centric nature of integrated marketing communications (IMC), this article investigates the specific role of customer performance in IMC effectiveness in various size companies applying inter-country context.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample consists of the primary data from developed (Spain) and developing (Belarus) economies. A total of 540 manager respondents participated in the survey. The article uses structural equation modeling and multi-group analysis for analysis.

Findings

When taking into consideration, customer performance affects the IMC outcome on the market and financial performance. The customer performance role varies in firms of various sizes and small- and medium -sized enterprises (SMEs) operating both in developed and developing economies.

Research limitations/implications

The research underlines the significant role of customer performance in IMC implementation, which stimulates further investigation on the topic. It also closes the gap in the IMC outcomes analysis in SMEs operating in developed and developing economies.

Practical implications

Customer evaluation plays a vital role in the IMC outcomes for market growth and financial returns. SMEs and larger companies implement IMC with different levels of effectiveness. SMEs with IMC implementation can gain an advantage over larger rivals and improve their market position. Moreover, the study generalizes the results by applying inter-country context.

Originality/value

This is a pioneering study of the complex IMC outcomes model under firms' size moderate conditions. The research applies an inter-country context.
“Through the looking glass: envisioning new library technologies” the scale of Facebook part 1: misinformation
Authors: Fernandez Peter
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This column aims to explore the implications of Facebook’s size and reach to understand the role of massive social networks in our world, in general, and libraries, in particular.

Design/methodology/approach

This column uses the example of misinformation to underscore the challenges endemic to connecting so many people under Facebooks particular business model.

Findings

Facebooks massive size, combined with the nature of the parts of our social lives it connects to, means that it currently stands alone and raises unique questions about what it would take to make meaningful changes to it or any similar competitor that arises.

Originality/value

Only by grappling with the dynamics of network effects on an organization of this size is it possible for informational professionals to understand the challenges and potential futures of massive social networks.
The combined effect of perspective-taking and incentives on professional skepticism
Authors: Ho Shuk Ying , Phang Soon-Yeow , Moroney Robyn
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the combined effect of two interventions, perspective taking and incentives, on auditors’ professional skepticism (hereafter skepticism) when auditing complex estimates. Specifically, this paper examines the different ways that perspective taking (management versus inspector) and incentives (absent versus reward versus penalty) combine to impact skepticism.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses an experiment with 177 experienced Big 4 auditors. The experiment used a 2 (management vs inspector perspective) × 3 (absent vs reward vs penalty incentives) between-subjects design.

Findings

In the absence of incentives, adopting a management perspective raises situational skepticism when measuring skepticism as appropriateness of management’s fair value estimate while adopting an inspector perspective raises situational skepticism when measuring skepticism as need for more evidence. The authors find some evidence that incentives complement perspective-taking by enhancing those aspects of skepticism for which perspective-taking performs poorly. When assessing management assumptions, auditors adopting an inspector perspective enhance their skepticism more substantially than those adopting a management perspective, and this enhancement is greater with rewards than with penalties. However, this study does not detect an interaction between incentive type and perspective-taking on auditor skepticism in relation to gathering additional evidence.

Originality/value

This paper extends the literature by shifting the focus from a single perspective to a comparison of two perspective-taking approaches and discusses how each of these approaches enhances different aspects of skepticism. This paper also illustrates the importance of the interplay between perspective-taking and incentives in enhancing auditor skepticism.
Community policing and the organizational structure of campus law enforcement agencies
Authors: Basham Sherah L.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which community policing within campus law enforcement agencies is influenced by the organizational structure, agency characteristics and campus characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

This study utilizes ordinary least squares regression modeling to examine community policing implementation. Data were drawn from a sample of 242 US colleges and universities included in the 2011–2012 Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) Survey of Campus Law Enforcement Agencies (SCLEA).

Findings

Findings show that within-campus law enforcement agencies, greater levels of community policing are associated with more formalization, larger numbers of employees, a higher task scope and higher rates of on-campus property crime.

Research limitations/implications

Use of secondary data and reported crime rate limits the study. Future research should implement specialized surveys and qualitative methods to identify the specific needs and implementations of community policing.

Originality/value

This paper adds to the limited body of literature on the community policing in campus law enforcement through more recent data and the inclusion of campus community variables.
Experiences of implementing hospital management information system (HMIS) at a tertiary care hospital, India
Authors: Arora Lakshya , Ikbal Feroz
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Mumbai needs to be transformed into a world-class city as stated in the 2005–2025 development plan of Municipal Corporation. For this initiative, hospital management information system (HMIS) has to be implemented across 400+ health facilities in the city.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study methodology was adopted to study HMIS implementation. Wave 1 of Phase 1 implementation of HMIS is carried out as a pilot project at Film City’s Hospital, Mumbai, which “go-live” on 21st June 2018. The work for hardware and software implementation was awarded to HardSystems and Solutions Limited and SoftSolutions India Private Limited, respectively, through e-tender.

Findings

Provision of inadequate quantity of hardware, slowness of network or system, non-satisfactory training after observation confirmation and sign-off process, lack of data entry operators, mismatch in numbering systems in blood bank and many other challenges concerned with the specific departments had become a major impediment in the efforts to maximize number of patients registered into HMIS.

Practical implications

Even after providing many clinical and managerial benefits, being the first cloud-based centrally located HMIS in any of the hospitals in the city, it imposes a major challenge for the management in terms of resistance of employees toward technology and need for the adoption of theoretical models for implementing change for the overall organizational development.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other teaching case study is conducted to study the HMIS implementation in large-scale public health-care services. This is a dummy case study for teaching exercises. The identity of the stakeholders, organizations and events has been masked to maintain confidentiality.
Iterative Gaussian mixture model and multi‐channel attributes for arrival picking in extremely noisy environments
Authors: Wang Hang , Chen Yangkang
Published: November 2021

Arrival picking is a traditional and important topic in the field of seismic exploration. Depending on the quality of seismic data, the picking results are prone to large errors. As commonly used arrival‐picking strategies, conventional clustering methods, such as K‐means, suffer from insufficient flexibility, for example the clustering boundaries are fixed given a set of attribute vectors. In order to overcome this drawback, we propose a new strategy which can provide flexible clustering results (i.e. the variable clustering boundaries) based on an iterative Gaussian mixture model and utilize the local correlation among adjacent traces to enhance the anti‐noise ability. First, we use local principal component analysis to roughly distinguish the areas of signal waveforms. Then, two multi‐channel attributes are calculated and input to the iterative Gaussian mixture model. These two attributes can correctly identify the arrivals and avoid redundant computation caused by the high‐dimensional attribute vectors. The final step is to establish an optimized Gaussian mixture model and to iteratively select the proper boundaries for each trace. Although the iterative Gaussian mixture model takes a longer calculation time, the synthetic and real data tests have shown superior results over conventional methods even in situations of extremely low signal‐to‐noise ratios.
In silico analysis of diversity, specificity and molecular evolution of Stenotrophomonas phages
Authors: Sasirekha Revathy , Sharma Osheen , Sugumar Shobana
Published: November 2021

In this study, we have focused on the lytic phage proteins encoded by the Stenotrophomonas phages. A total of 60 lytic proteins were identified to be encoded by 19 different phages. Those proteins were characterized under eight classes: amidases, muramidases, pectate lyase, peptidases, holins and spanins. The phages encoding these proteins come under the family of Ackermannviridae, Autographiviridae, Myoviridae, Podoviridae and Siphoviridae. All the phages encoding those proteins were found to infect Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Among the phages, about 50% were found to undergo a lytic lifecycle. The isolated proteins were clustered according to the similarity in the amino acid sequence. These clusters were used to make their phylogenetic tree. The co‐occurrence of the amidase, pectate lyase and lipase genes in the phage genome was found using a correlation analysis.
Impact of docetaxel plus ramucirumab in a second‐line setting after chemoimmunotherapy in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Ishida Masaki , Morimoto Kenji , Yamada Tadaaki , Shiotsu Shinsuke , Chihara Yusuke , Yamada Takahiro , Hiranuma Osamu , Morimoto Yoshie , Iwasaku Masahiro , Tokuda Shinsaku , Takeda Takayuki , Takayama Koichi
Published: November 2021

Background

Chemoimmunotherapy has become a standard treatment option for patients with untreated advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, numerous patients with advanced NSCLC develop disease progression. Therefore, the selection of second‐line treatment after chemoimmunotherapy is crucial for improving clinical outcomes.

Methods

Of 88 enrolled patients with advanced NSCLC who received chemoimmunotherapy, we retrospectively evaluated 33 who received second‐line chemotherapy after progression of chemoimmunotherapy at six centers in Japan. Among them, 18 patients received docetaxel plus ramucirumab and 15 patients received single‐agent chemotherapy.

Results

The objective response rate in patients treated with docetaxel plus ramucirumab was significantly higher than that in patients treated with a single‐agent chemotherapy regimen (55.6% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). The median progression‐free survival (PFS) of patients who received docetaxel plus ramucirumab and single‐agent chemotherapy was 5.8 months and 5.0 months, respectively (log‐rank test p = 0.17). In the docetaxel plus ramucirumab regimen group, patients who responded to chemoimmunotherapy for ≥8.8 months had a significantly longer response to docetaxel plus ramucirumab than those who responded for <8.8 months (not reached vs. 4.1 months, log‐rank test p = 0.003). In contrast, in the single‐agent chemotherapy group, there was no significant difference in PFS between the ≥8.8‐ and <8.8‐month PFS groups with chemoimmunotherapy (5.0 vs. 1.6 months, log‐rank test p = 0.66).

Conclusion

Our retrospective observations suggest that the group with longer PFS with chemoimmunotherapy might be expected to benefit from docetaxel plus ramucirumab treatment in second‐line settings for patients with advanced NSCLC.
The unintended consequence of financial statement comparability: evidence from managerial learning practices
Authors: Shen Jianghua , Xie Lingmin , Xie Zhimin
Published: November 2021

Comparable financial disclosure has well‐known benefits but also unintended consequences. This study identifies one unintended consequence of managerial learning. For a large sample of Chinese companies, we find that investment‐to‐price sensitivity declines with financial statement comparability, indicating that comparability discourages managers from learning from prices. Consistent with the learning explanation, this negative relation is stronger for growth firms and for firms operating in more concentrated industries, where managers rely more on market prices for their investment decisions. We further find a decrease in firm value for these two groups of firms. Overall, we document a negative real effect of comparability.
Wallaciana gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Membracidae), a new treehopper genus endemic to montane south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Evangelista Olivia
Published: November 2021

A recent expedition to the protected areas of the Australian Capital Territory prompted the discovery of a new treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae) genus and species after a 20 year taxonomic hiatus. Wallaciana gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate the type species Wallaciana barringtonensis (Day, 1999) comb. nov. (=Neocanthuchus barringtonensis Day, 1999) and Wallaciana namadgi sp. nov., which are described and illustrated in detail. Key diagnostic traits are discussed in comparison to other members of the tribe, and DNA sequence data are provided for the holotype of W. namadgi sp. nov.
Prevalence and associated factors of frailty in patients attending rural and urban geriatric clinics
Authors: Nguyen Huan Thanh , Nguyen An Huu , Nguyen Giao Thi Xuan
Published: November 2021

Objective

To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with frailty in rural and urban older outpatients in Vietnam.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 1084 outpatients (aged ≥60 years; mean age 71.7 ± 7.4 years; female 65%) from rural (n = 600) and urban (n = 484) geriatric clinics from December 2019 to July 2020. Frailty was assessed using Fried frailty phenotype. Factors associated with frailty were assessed using logistic regression.

Results

Overall, frailty prevalence was 28% (rural, 26%; urban, 30%; p = 0.220). Factors associated with frailty were older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.20, p < 0.001), being underweight (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.10–3.27, p = 0.025) and limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) (OR 6.04, 95% CI 1.63–22.41, p = 0.007) and instrumental ADLs (OR 5.83, 95% CI 3.74–9.08, p < 0.001). Higher education (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76, p = 0.002) and productive work (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21–0.71, p = 0.002) were protective factors against frailty.

Conclusions

In Vietnam, the prevalence of frailty in older outpatients was 28%, though not significantly different between urban and rural areas. Older age, being underweight and limitations in functional status can increase the odds of frailty, but higher education and productive work can reduce the odds of frailty.
Antipsychotic prescribing in people admitted to hospital with dementia or delirium
Authors: Tumusiime William A. , Hardman Caitlin J. , Breen Juanita L.
Published: November 2021

Objective

To evaluate antipsychotic prescribing in people with dementia or delirium admitted to a large regional Queensland hospital.

Methods

A retrospective observational study analysing medical records of patients prescribed antipsychotics over 6 months.

Results

We audited a sample of 141 patients, 65 years or over (over 45 years for indigenous peoples) with dementia or delirium, without severe mental illness, prescribed antipsychotics. Over a third (35%) were prescribed antipsychotics prior to admission, with 73% prescribed a new antipsychotic in hospital. Only 23% received documented review of antipsychotic therapy. Under half (48%) had evidence of non‐pharmacological interventions as first‐line management. Sixty‐eight patients (48%) were discharged with antipsychotics; however, only 4% were provided an antipsychotic management plan.

Conclusions

Initiation and continuation of antipsychotics in patients with dementia or delirium in hospital is common, with infrequent review. There is significant potential to reduce prescribing antipsychotics in people admitted to hospital with dementia or delirium.
Work‐related well‐being of personal care attendants employed in the aged care sector: Prevalence and predictors of compassion fatigue
Authors: Jameson Sonja , Parkinson Lynne
Published: November 2021

Objective

This study examined the factors contributing to compassion fatigue (CF) for personal care attendants (PCAs) working in the Australian aged care sector.

Methods

Social media was the main recruitment mode. An anonymous online self‐report survey collected demographic information and measures of CF from 169 PCAs, aged between 18 and 66 years.

Results

High levels of CF were reported by 53.3% of respondents. Compassion fatigue was higher in PCAs working in residential aged care than those in community care. Predictors of CF were psychological distress, not having time to care for clients, and poor work psychosocial safety climate. Psychological distress explained 47.9% of the variance in the regression model.

Conclusions

Many PCAs working in the Australian aged care sector report experiencing CF, which is highly associated with psychological distress. Interventions to reduce psychological stress for PCAs in aged care are urgently needed to ensure quality care and safety for residents.
Rationale and feasibility assessment of an institution‐based virtual reality hub in orthopaedic surgical training: an Australian pilot study
Authors: Le Allan , Krishna Anuj , Lambers Anton Philip , Hardidge Andrew , Balakumar Jitendra
Published: November 2021

Background

Virtual reality (VR) has been established as a valuable tool outside of medicine but there has been limited uptake in orthopaedics despite being a specialty heavily dependent on psychomotor skills. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of setting up an on‐site virtual reality surgical training hub for an orthopaedic surgery unit. A secondary objective was to document encountered hurdles to assist other institutions with a similar process.

Methods

The study explored the logistical and organizational considerations in the process of creating a virtual reality training area. This included: review of location, set up management, funding arrangements, set up time, research opportunities and training time. Set up and completion times were recorded during a separate trial of 24 participants ranging from medical students to senior consultant orthopaedic surgeons.

Results

A VR training area was successfully established over a period of 3 months. A dedicated area for training where the equipment remains permanently was designated to facilitate ease of use. Average set up took 7.5 min to turn the computer on and 25 min for the participants to start the module. Issues identified during set up were recorded.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated that it is possible to set up a dedicated area for virtual reality surgical training within a hospital unit. A dedicated lockable area is the most feasible method of establishing such a space and reduces the requirement to recalibrate and transfer equipment around the hospital.
Intensive dysphagia rehabilitation program for patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Charters Emma , Clark Jonathan
Published: November 2021

Background

In response to the pathophysiology and expected trajectory of dysphagia that arises following treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC), an intensive and progressive approach to dysphagia is warranted. This pilot study evaluates the recovery of swallowing function following the implementation of an exercise‐based approach to dysphagia rehabilitation.

Methods

Consecutive recruitment was carried out prospectively at a quaternary referral centre. Participants were aged 18 years and older and had completed treatment for HNC. Dysphagia was assessed pre and post a 10‐week rehabilitation program using videofluoroscopy swallow study (VFSS) and clinician‐and patient‐reported outcomes.

Results

Ten participants were recruited over a 6‐month period, all of whom had oropharyngeal dysphagia confirmed on VFSS. At the conclusion of the 10‐week intervention period, DIGEST (Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity) scores improved significantly for both safety and efficiency components. Four of seven participants who had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube at baseline were no longer reliant on it for their nutrition, hydration or medication at the completion of the therapeutic period. While four participants continued to aspirate on thin fluids, none developed aspiration pneumonia.

Conclusion

Oropharyngeal dysphagia as a consequence of HNC treatment is challenging to rehabilitate; however, in selected patients, it is responsive to intensive and individualized rehabilitation programs.
Civic‐Led Banishment in South Africa: Punishment, Authority, and Spatialised Precarity
Authors: Cooper‐Knock S.J. , Super Gail
Published: November 2021

Civic‐led banishment, a fundamentally spatial punishment, is an understudied phenomenon in South Africa and beyond. We define it as “a punitive spatial practice, enacted by non‐state actors in response to alleged criminality or deviance, which attempts varying degrees of socio‐spatial expulsion over time”. This definition lays the framework for a socio‐spatial analysis of punishment, and yields insights into the exercise of socio‐spatial control in public and private space. We emphasise the specific challenges associated with banishment, together with the relationship between space, punishment, public authority, and sovereignty. We demonstrate how “negotiations” around banishment trade off two forms of intersecting precarity: those faced by residents in informal settlements and the potential precarity of public authorities. Finally, we argue that an exploration of all forms of punishment through the lens of socio‐spatial expulsion enables us to tap into conversations around penal abolitionism.
The domestic politics of climate change in the Pacific Islands
Authors: Barbara Julien , Howard Elise , Baker Kerryn
Published: November 2021

Much scholarly attention has been paid to the issue of climate change in the Pacific Islands, in terms of its geopolitical implications, and through the lens of mitigation and adaptation policies and strategies. Comparatively little focus has been given to the domestic politics of climate change in the region: How a changing climate is affecting internal political dynamics. This article traces the boundaries of a new research agenda on the impacts of climate change within Pacific states as an animating political dynamic. It considers climate change as a possible source of political change and contestation; as a critical domestic policy issue; and as a driver of political participation and organisation. Climate change is an existential threat to the Pacific Islands, yet it has unique power as a mass mobilising factor in the largely localised and fragmented politics of the region. We conclude with some reflections on the potential of climate change as a key political driver in the region, and fruitful avenues for future research.
Effects of alkaline protease on the production performance, egg quality, and cecal microbiota of hens during late laying period
Authors: Chen Xiaochen , Ma Wenfeng , Hu Naizhi , Yan Yan , Zhu Yipu , Wang Zhanbin , Jiao Guobao , Chen Xiaoyu
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the effects of diet supplementation with alkaline protease (AKP) on the production performance, egg quality, and cecal microbiota of laying hens. A total of 720 Hy‐Line Brown laying hens (60 weeks old) were divided into four groups with six replicates of 30 birds each. No AKP was added to the control diet, and the hens in the other three groups (Groups 1, 2, and 3) were fed the basal diet supplemented with AKP preparations at 3, 6, and 9 u/g of diet, respectively. Results showed that AKP supplementation significantly decreased the feed/egg ratio (p < 0.05). Compared with that of the control group, the eggshell strength of Group 1 was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the egg yolk weight of Groups 1 and 3 was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Distinctive difference in cecal microbiota was observed between AKP and control groups, and the average values of microbial diversity was lower in the AKP group than in the control group. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at the phylum level, Rikenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Christensenellaceae at the family level, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_Group, Lactobacillus, Romboutsia, Lachnoclostridium, and Blautia at the genus level in the AKP group changed significantly compared with that in the control group (p<0.05).
Anticancer properties and pharmaceutical applications of ginsenoside compound K: A review
Authors: Zhou Li , Li Zhong‐Kun , Li Cong‐Yuan , Liang Yue‐Qin , Yang Fan
Published: November 2021

Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is the major intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginsenosides that exhibits anticancer potential in various cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. The anticancer types, mechanisms, and effects of CK in the past decade have been summarized in this review. Briefly, CK exerts anticancer effects via multiple molecular mechanisms, including the inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and migration, the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, and anti‐angiogenesis. Some signaling pathways play a significant role in related processes, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JNK/MAPK pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the effects of CK combined with nanocarriers for anticancer efficiency are discussed in this review. Furthermore, we aimed to review the research progress of CK against cancer in the past decade, which might provide theoretical support and effective reference for further research on the medicinal value of small molecules, such as CK.
Perceptions of family‐centred care among caregivers of children with cerebral palsy in South India: An exploratory study
Authors: Poojari Deepalaxmi Paresh , Umakanth Shashikiran , Maiya G. Arun , Rao Bhamini Krishna , Brien Marie , Narayan Amitesh
Published: November 2021

Background

Parental views and expectations about family‐centred care (FCC) need to be understood for its successful implementation. Knowledge of caregiver's perceptions and needs, within their social and cultural context, forms the basis for effective health care partnerships with families. The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions about FCC among caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in South India.

Method

Fourteen caregivers of children with CP (aged 4–12 years) living in rural areas of the coastal region of Karnataka, India, participated in this qualitative study. Face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews were recorded and transcribed for analysis using the framework and hybrid approaches. Thematic mapping of the categories and themes was done to explore relationships about perceptions of FCC.

Results

Caregiver's life emerged inductively as a new theme highlighting caregiver's own physical and mental health, family roles and well‐being, integrating the onus of care with household responsibilities, limited participation in personal activities and social isolation. The qualitative findings revealed the ubiquity of respectful and trusting relationships with health professionals while expressing paucity of coordinated comprehensive care, sporadic partnerships and opportunities for shared decision‐making; desire for receiving specific information related to child's progress and prognosis; and general information on community resources and the need of empowerment and support groups.

Conclusion

Our study has practical implications for the implementation of FCC within the South Indian context, by recognizing unique caregiver needs and expectations in sync with cultural perspectives towards childhood disability such as societal stigma, values and traditional beliefs; attitudes towards medical professionals; and life stressors and gender responsibilities.
Expanding Accessibility: Sensory Sensitive Programming for Museums
Authors: Schwartzman Rachel , Knowles Christen
Published: November 2021

Museums in the US have a responsibility to provide accessible facilities stipulated by the American with Disabilities Act (ADA). Unfortunately, programming adjustments beyond physical accessibility is generally an emerging consideration or only implemented in large, established institutions. Although some museums have implemented disability‐specific programming, focusing on more universal challenges of access (e.g., sensory needs) can increase accessibility in a museum of any size and budget. The following manuscript presents an example of a small science museum in a mid‐size city and the development and implementation process of innovative sensory‐sensitive programming for community members with disabilities and their families. By addressing a common characteristic that spans across different disabilities, the Sensory Sensitive Program (SSP) was successfully implemented and attended by a diverse array of community members. Feedback from patrons attending the pilot event is reported and used to inform the iterative development process for the program. Considerations for future implementation of SSP are provided.
Is the relapse concept in studies of substance use disorders a ‘one size fits all’ concept? A systematic review of relapse operationalisations
Authors: Moe Fredrik D. , Moltu Christian , McKay James R. , Nesvåg Sverre , Bjornestad Jone
Published: November 2021

Issues

Relapse is a theoretical construct and empirical object of inquiry. It is unclear how relapse is operationalised with regard to the various phases in substance use disorders (SUD). The aim was to investigate relapse operationalisations in SUDs studies after short‐ and long‐term abstinence and remission, recovery and slip/lapse.

Approach

Systematic review using the following databases: Epistemonikos, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL and DARE), MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO. Search returned 3426 articles, with 276 meeting the following inclusion criteria: empirical study published in English in a peer‐reviewed journal; samples meet diagnostic criteria for dependence syndrome or moderate–severe drug use disorder or alcohol use disorder; reports relapse, abstinence, recovery, remission, slip or lapse. Review protocol registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020154062).

Key Findings

Thirty‐two percent of the studies had no definition of ‘relapse’. Most relapse operationalisations were defined according to measure (26%), time (17%), use (26%) and amount and frequency (27%). Of the 16 studies with a follow‐up duration of up to 2 years, one (6%) contained a definition of ‘long‐term abstinence’. Of the 64 studies with a follow‐up duration of more than 2 years, four (6%) contained a definition of ‘long‐term abstinence’. Of those, one (2%) mentioned ‘early relapse’ and one (2%) mentioned ‘late relapse’.

Implications

Future research is needed to explore the possible difference between early and late relapse. Moreover, working to increase consensus on relapse operationalisations in SUD research is warranted.

Conclusions

We identified no consensus on relapse operationalisations nor agreement on the differentiation between early and late relapse. The clinical utility of current relapse operationalisations seems low and may compromise knowledge accumulation about relapse and implementation of research into treatment.