bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entropy as an integral operator: Erratum and modification
Authors: Rahimi Mehdi
Published: September 2020

In [Rahimi, M.: Entropy as an integral operator, Math. Slovaca 69(1) (2019), 139–146], we assigned an integral operator on a Hilbert space to any topological dynamical system of finite entropy and stated the entropy of the system in terms of the spectrum of the defined operator. Unfortunately, there is a mistake in the proof of the main theorem of the paper which makes the result incorrect. So, we can not extract the entropy of a topological dynamical system in terms of the spectrum of the introduced operator. In this note, we modify the main theorem of [11] by giving a modification to the proof of the theorem. Then, replacing the integral operator introduced in [11] by another linear operator, we will state the entropy of the system in terms of the spectrum of the new operator.
Two semigroup rings associated to a finite set of meromorphic functions
Authors: Cimpoeaş Mircea
Published: September 2020

We fix z
0 ∈ ℂ and a field 𝔽 with ℂ ⊂ 𝔽 ⊂ 𝓜
z
0
:= the field of germs of meromorphic functions at z
0. We fix f
1, …, fr
∈ 𝓜
z
0
and we consider the 𝔽-algebras S := 𝔽[f
1, …, fr
] and

S
¯

:=

F

[

f
1

±
1

,
…
,

f
r

±
1

]
.

$\begin{array}{}
\overline S: = \mathbb F[f_1^{\pm 1},\ldots,f_r^{\pm 1}].
\end{array} $

We present the general properties of the semigroup rings

S

h
o
l

:=

F

[

f

a

:=

f
1

a
1

⋯

f
r

a
r

:
(

a
1

,
…
,

a
r

)
∈

N

r

 and 

f

a

 is holomorphic at 

z
0

]
,

S
¯

h
o
l

:=

F

[

f

a

:=

f
1

a
1

⋯

f
r

a
r

:
(

a
1

,
…
,

a
r

)
∈

Z

r

 and 

f

a

 is holomorphic at 

z
0

]
,

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle S^{hol}: = \mathbb F[f^{\mathbf a}: = f_1^{a_1}\cdots f_r^{a_r}: (a_1,\ldots,a_r)\in\mathbb N^r \text{ and }f^{\mathbf a}\text{ is holomorphic at }z_0],\\\overline S^{hol}: = \mathbb F[f^{\mathbf a}: = f_1^{a_1}\cdots f_r^{a_r}: (a_1,\ldots,a_r)\in\mathbb Z^r \text{ and }f^{\mathbf a}\text{ is holomorphic at }z_0],
\end{array} $$

and we tackle in detail the case 𝔽 = 𝓜<1, the field of meromorphic functions of order < 1, and fj
’s are meromorphic functions over ℂ of finite order with a finite number of zeros and poles.
Dissecting the Tectal Output Channels for Orienting and Defense Responses
Authors: Isa Kaoru , Sooksawate Thongchai , Kobayashi Kenta , Kobayashi Kazuto , Redgrave Peter , Isa Tadashi
Published: September 2020

Electrical stimulation and lesion experiments in 1980’s suggested that the crossed descending pathway from the deeper layers of superior colliculus (SCd) controls orienting responses, while the uncrossed pathway mediates defense-like behavior. To overcome the limitation of these classical studies and explicitly dissect the structure and function of these two pathways, we performed selective optogenetic activation of each pathway in male mice with channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) expression by Cre driver using double viral vector techniques. Brief photostimulation of the crossed pathway evoked short latency contraversive orienting-like head turns, while extended stimulation induced body turn responses. In contrast, stimulation of the uncrossed pathway induced short-latency upward head movements followed by longer-latency defense-like behaviors including retreat and flight. The novel discovery was that while the evoked orienting responses were stereotyped, the defense-like responses varied considerably depending on the environment, suggesting that uncrossed output can be influenced by top-down modification of the SC or its target areas. This further suggests that the connection of the SCd-defense system with non-motor, affective and cognitive structures. Tracing the whole axonal trajectories of these two pathways revealed existence of both ascending and descending branches targeting different areas in the thalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla, and/or spinal cord, including projections which could not be detected in the classical studies; the crossed pathway has some ipsilaterally descending collaterals and the uncrossed pathway has some contralaterally descending collaterals. Some of the connections might explain the context-dependent modulation of the defense-like responses. Thus, the classical views on the tectal output systems are updated.
Wind Tunnel Tests on Aerodynamic Forces of Road Vehicles Under Unsteady Wind Conditions
Authors: Sumida M. , Morita S.
Published: September 2020

This paper describes the results obtained from a wind tunnel test on the aerodynamic characteristics of road vehicles subjected to unsteady wind. In order to study the aerodynamic response of vehicles under atmospheric fluctuations, the velocity of the wind has been simulated in a pulsating state, where vehicles at a constant speed are driving in air with large wind oscillation. On the other hand, we consider three types of vehicles: two types of the Ahmed model, with slant angles of 0° and 30°, and the basic rectangular-prism model. The effect of wind oscillation on the drag and lift forces acting on the vehicle models under a pulsating wind condition has been extracted by comparing it to the forces under steady wind conditions. The oscillation of the wind exerts a significant effect on the fluid forces, and the drag and lift forces change with time in a peculiar way, depending on the body shape of the vehicle.
An Integrated Bearing Parameter Identification Approach Using A Nonlinear Optimisation Scheme
Authors: Mutra R.R. , Srinivas J.
Published: September 2020

In system identification process, efficient global optimisation schemes play a vital role. In the present work, an effective optimisation-based identification methodology of bearing stiffness and damping coefficients using the bearing response data is proposed. The flexible rotor is initially analysed by finite element model with nonlinear bearing forces. The dynamic equations of rotor are solved to obtain the bearing responses in frequency domain at different operating speeds. The equivalent speed dependent parameters of stiffness and damping are then obtained by solving an error-based optimal formulation via modified particle-swarm optimisation scheme. The robustness of the approach is tested with added input noise. The approach is illustrated with the simulation results of rotor supported on full floating ring bearings and using an experimental data obtained from a rotor supported on two similar journal bearings. The error in identification is not exceeding five percent. The modified particle swarm optimisation is converging faster, and it is taking less computational time. The results are shown in the forms of graphs and tables.
Assessing the Effect of Dome Shape and Location on The Acoustical Performance of a Mosque by Using Computer Simulation
Authors: Che Din N. , Anuar A. S.
Published: September 2020

Architecturally, the dome is one evolutionary presence in most mosques of modern day. Besides mihrab, the dome is one of the architectural elements that has a phenomenon of concentration of energy by reflected sound waves from concave surfaces. The aim of this research is to compare the acoustical performance of different shapes of the dome and their respective locations by using geometrical approach computer simulation. Four types of dome that are commonly used on a mosque; Arabic, segmental, hemispherical, and onion, were modeled to compare their acoustical parameters i.e. reverberation time (RT) and speech transmission index (STI). It can be concluded that the shape of the dome does affect the RT. Furthermore, the shape of the dome also affects the STI - the larger the volume, the lower the STI value. However, the locations of a dome has little significance over acoustical parameter. The findings of this research may not limit to mosques only, but to any similar building that has similar typology.
Analysis of Organic Germanium Ge-132 as Cetane Improver in Diesel Combustion Process
Authors: Asri S. , Othman M. F. , Abdullah A. , Abdullah Z. , Azmi Z.
Published: September 2020

The depletion of global petroleum reserves and growth in awareness regarding the environmental pollution of diesel engines urge the reinforcement for the development of alternative fuels. This research experimentally investigated the effect of diesel-organic germanium (Ge-132, 2-Carboxyl Sesquioxide) fuels blend on combustion characteristics, engine performances and exhaust emissions on a direct injection diesel engine at the speed of 1800 rpm at various brake effective pressures. On this occasion, the Ge-132 compound used in this experiment was widely utilized in the medical industry as a dietary supplement that contains therapeutic qualities such as oxygen enrichment, free radical scavenging, and immunity enhancement. Three fuel blends employed in this experiment were Ge5, Ge8, and Ge10 that are used to compare their performances with diesel fuel. In brief, the result stated that the fuel blend of Ge10 showed the highest value of cetane number, which was 8.23% higher compared to the diesel fuel followed by Ge8 and Ge5, which were 7.84 and 7.45% higher than the diesel fuel respectively. Besides, from the experiment, Ge5 decreased the value of BSFC by 26.6% compared to diesel fuel and improved the value of BTE that was 25.6% higher than the diesel fuel.
Experimental and 3D-ANN based Analysis and Prediction of Cutting Forces, Tool Vibration and Tool Wear in Boring of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Murthy P. B. G. S. N. , Srinivasa Rao Ch. , Venkata Rao K.
Published: September 2020

In this work, accurate 3D finite element models were developed to study and predict machining characteristics like tool vibration, tool wear, surface roughness, cutting force and thrust forces in the boring of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Experiments were conducted on the proposed metal using carbide inserts at three levels of spindle speeds, depth of cuts and feed rates and experimental results were collected. Numerical simulation was carried out using Deform 3D software. Johnson-cook material model was also used in simulation to predict the machining characteristics. A Usui’s wear model was taken in simulation to calculate tool wear at different working conditions. Experimental data of the five machining characteristics were analysed using analysis of variance to identify the most significant parameters. Cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate were found to be the most significant parameters. Simulated results of the machining characteristics were compared with the experimental data and found in a good agreement between them. An Artificial neural network (ANN) model was also developed and trained with the experimental data to validate the results. FEM simulation models provide relevant machining information without conducting experimentation for any metal.
Development and Performance Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Crab Shell Powder Based Brake Pads for Automotive Applications
Authors: Singaravelu D. Lenin , Ragh M. Rahul , R. Vijay , Manoharan S. , Kchaou Mohamed
Published: September 2020

The present study deals with the effective usage of crab shell, which is a solid waste in the seafood industry. The crab shell was powdered and treated with chemicals to obtain the chemically treated crab shell powder. The crab shell was powdered and heated to the desired conditions to obtain thermally processed crab shell powder. These two powders so obtained were used with other ingredients in the development of brake pads. For comparison crab shell powder free brake pads were also developed. The developed brake pads were tested for various characteristics as per the industrial standards. Thermal stability was found using Thermogravimetric analysis. The fade and recovery behaviours were estimated for the developed brake pads using Chase test following IS2742 Part-4. The test results indicate that the thermally processed crab shell powder based brake pads showed better thermal stability with a char residue of 37%, while the chemically treated crab shell powder based brake pads had better fade and recovery characteristics with a fade rate of 1.71 % and recovery rate of 99.86 % due to its better heat dissipation and coarse structure. Scanning electron microscopy paved the way to study the worn characteristics of the Chase tested samples. An extensive evaluation method was used to rank the developed brake pads based on the Chase test performance; it also ranked chemically treated crab shell powder-based brake pads as the best performer.
Mode I Stress Intensity Factor and T-Stress Solutions for Centre Cracked Orthotropic Plates
Authors: Lallam M. , Mamouri S. , Djebli A.
Published: September 2020

The main objective of this paper is the formulation of analytical expressions for the direct calculation of fracture parameters for the case of an orthotropic material with elastic behaviour. Numerical simulation by finite element method is performed to evaluate the singular and non-singular terms of William's series. Based on the obtained results, a fitting procedure is performed to propose an analytical formulation involving the geometric parameters of the plate and the crack in the approximate estimation of these parameters. The importance of the proposed analytical expressions is that they do not require a complex and time-consuming numerical analysis for the computation of the stress intensity factors and T-stresses for such an orthotropic cracked panel. A comparative study between the results obtained by the proposed equations and those obtained by finite element procedure has shown a good correlation.
Design of a new steerable in-pipe inspection robot and its robust control in presence of pipeline flow
Authors: Tourajizadeh Hami , Sedigh Amirhosein , Boomeri Vahid , Rezaei Mohammad
Published: September 2020

Robust multivariable control of an in-pipe inspection robot with variable pitch rate is performed in this paper which moves through the pipelines while fluid is flowing. Most of the traditional inpipe robots have two challenges which make difficulty for investigating the pipe line. The necessity of blocking the flow and difficulty toward bypassing the probable obstacles in the pipes. Here a new mechanism of inpipe robot is proposed which can bypass the obstacles as a result of its mechanism modification and also is able to work in presence of flow by the aid of its designed robust controlled. To meet this goal, the proper mechanism is designed and its related model is derived. Afterwards a nonlinear robust controller is designed and implemented on the proposed robot based on Sliding Mode Control (SMC). The efficiency of the designed robot for bypassing the obstacles and also the robustness of its corresponding controller in presence of flow are investigated by the aid of MATLAB simulation. These simulations are validated by modeling the system in ADAMS and comparing the response of the proposed SMC and Feedback Linearization (FL). It is proved that the designed robot is able to move with controllable velocity through full pipelines while the designed controller can successfully cancel the fluid flow disturbances with a good accuracy of order 10-2.
Wavelet transform based features of skin blood flow response signal for pressure ulcer evaluation
Authors: Ramli Saliza , Kamil Raja , Ahmad Siti Anom , Mohtaruddin Norhafizah , Mahmud Rozi
Published: September 2020

Pressure Ulcers (PUs) are localized tissue damage that usually occur over the soft tissue of body prominence when a subject is exposed to prolonged external mechanical loading. Several studies have proposed that skin blood flow response (SBFR) can be used in PU evaluation to determine tissue ischemic accumulation due to insufficient time of tissue recovery. In previous study, twenty one Sprague Dawley rats weigh 388-481g that were divided into three different group have been used to investigate the trends of SBFR signal using time domain features like peak reactive hyperaemia (RH), time to peak RH and area under the RH curve as well as frequency domain features like peak power spectral density (PSD) and total PSD. However, the results indicate that both frequency domain features are not effective at determining individual insufficient recovery time. In this study, Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) based features such as average amplitude and relative amplitude based on Morlet wavelet function scale 200 are investigated. The results show that the samples representing inconsistent trend of average amplitude for metabolic frequency range are dominant in all short (3 samples) , moderate (4 samples) and prolonged groups (4 samples), while no clear pattern can be established for relative amplitude. Hence both features may not suitable at distinguishing between sufficient and insufficient recovery time due to the low percentage in number of samples.
The Effect of Company Size, Financial Performance, and Corporate Governance on the Disclosure of Sustainability Report
Authors: Indrianingsih Indrianingsih , Agustina Linda
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of company size, profitability, leverage, liquidity, company activities, board directors, independent commissioners, and audit committee on sustainability report disclosure. The population of this research was non-financial companies listed on the IDX in 2013-2017 as many as 483 companies. The sample was selected using purposive sampling technique and obtained 17 samples with 5 years of observation so there were 85 units of analysis. Data collection technique used documentation technique. The analysis tool to test hypothesis was multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that variables of liquidity and audit committee have a positive effect on the sustainability report disclosure. Leverage has a negative effect on sustainability report disclosure. Meanwhile, company size, profitability, company activities, board of directors, and independent commissioners do not affect on sustainability report disclosure. The conclusion in this research is variables of leverage, liquidity, and audit committee can provide an important role in sustainability report disclosure. The suggestion for the next researcher is to pay attention to the calculation of corporate ratio, whether using net sales or gross sales.
Pressure Urticaria in an Infant Appearing Similar to Physical Abuse
Authors: Shih Allen F. , Sharaf Mohammed
Published: September 2020

A healthy Hispanic boy was born via cesarean delivery after an uncomplicated pregnancy. At 4 weeks old , his parents brought him to the emergency department for bruising on both soles of the feet. At 6 weeks old, his parents brought him to primary care for new bruises on his arms and back. After evaluation, primary care referred the patient to the emergency department. The parents denied any recent trauma, fever, cough, decreased urine, or change in appetite. Because of 2 episodes of unexplained bruising, the Department of Children and Families was granted emergency custody of the child. Hematology and ophthalmology did not identify any clear abnormalities. Skeletal surveys were normal. Dermatology was consulted. The examination was normal except for pink blanching patches on the upper back and linearly arranged pink blanching papules on the right lower leg. No crusting, erosions, hyperpigmentation, purpura, petechiae, or ecchymoses were seen. These lesions completely resolved the next day. He tested positive for dermatographism and developed similar lesions on his soles after pushing his feet down onto a soft surface. The intermittent urticarial skin changes were most consistent with physical urticaria. Such lesions could be mistaken for trauma; however, blood vessel damage typically results in progressive coloration changes for >1 day. At the emergency court hearing, given the concurring medical opinions of the dermatologist, pediatrician, and Child Protective Services, the judge returned full custody to the parents. This case reveals the value of dermatologic expertise in assessing skin changes, particularly those associated with physical abuse.
Transcriptomic Research in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Current State and Future Perspectives
Authors: Rosch Sebastian , Rommel Karl-Philipp , Scholz Markus , Thiele Holger , Lurz Philipp
Published: September 2020

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasing in incidence and has a higher prevalence compared with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. So far, no effective treatment of HFpEF is available, due to its complex underlying pathophysiology and clinical heterogeneity. This article aims to provide an overview and a future perspective of transcriptomic biomarker research in HFpEF. Detailed characterisation of the HFpEF phenotype and its underlying molecular pathomechanisms may open new perspectives regarding early diagnosis, improved prognostication, new therapeutic targets and tailored therapies accounting for patient heterogeneity, which may improve quality of life. A combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs with sufficiently large sample sizes are required to support this concept.
Gone, but not Forgotten
Authors: Pisani Barbara , Sharma Rahul
Published: September 2020

The global health and economic impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rocked our communities and way of life. With millions infected around the globe, and hundreds of thousands of lives lost, there has been a paradigm shift in how clinicians evaluate and care for patients in multiple different types of healthcare settings. Many patients are reluctant to seek medical attention for cardiovascular illnesses, and late presentations of acute cardiac issues are raising the morbidity and mortality for treatable cardiac conditions. In this expert opinion, the authors canvas the many challenges in the diagnosis, treatment and delivery of care to patients with congestive heart failure and acute coronary syndromes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy for Prevention of Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Resano-Barrio María Pilar , Arroyo-Espliguero Ramón , Viana-Llamas María Carmen , Mediano Olga
Published: September 2020

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome is characterised by the presence of apnoea or obstructive hypopnoea during sleep, accompanied by hypoxia. It is estimated that the syndrome affects approximately 10% of men and 15% of women. Diagnosis and treatment rates have increased in recent years, but the condition remains undiagnosed in a high percentage of patients. Recent evidence suggests that OSA may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The relationship between OSA and cardiovascular disease can be explained, at least in part, by the coexistence of cardiovascular risk factors in the two pathologies, such as age, overweight, smoking and sedentary lifestyle. However, OSA has been independently associated with the risk of developing hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure and arrhythmias. Clinical trials that have evaluated the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention have not demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence or recurrence of cardiovascular events. This article analyses the relationship between OSA and cardiovascular risk and discusses recent clinical trials on the efficacy of CPAP in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention.
Stabilization of a multiconnected controlled continuous discrete system with non-overlapped decompositions with respect to part of variables
Authors: Kaledina Elena A.
Published: September 2020

This paper considers a multi-connected controllable system with non-overlapping decompositions. Given that most of the control laws are implemented on digital controllers, the control of the system is implemented as a piecewise-constant function. Multiconnectivity of the system, in turn, makes it impossible to use centralized control. Every isolated subsystem must work stably, and intersystem connections can have a destabilizing effect. In this case, piecewise-constant control is constructed as two-level, i.e. in the form of a sum of local and global control. Local control stabilizes the equilibrium positions of individual linear subsystems. Global control acts on intersystem connections. Conditions are obtained under which local control stabilizes linear subsystems, and the equilibrium position of the original multi-connected system is asymptotically stable in part of variables.
Incremento de áreas impermeables por cambios de usos de la tierra en la microcuenca del río Burío
Authors: Masís Campos Ramón , Vargas Picado Hubert
Published: September 2020

La investigación se realizó en la microcuenca del río Burío, Heredia, Costa Rica. Se analizaron tres escenarios de impermeabilización de suelos por cambios de uso de la tierra en los años 1960, 1990 y 2010. Los resultados demostraron una sustitución de coberturas agroforestales por urbanas; es decir, impermeables. El conjunto de superficies impermeables han alterado la respuesta hidrológica del área de estudio, respecto a la capacidad de la superficie de favorecer o dificultar el escurrimiento directo, la infiltración o la interceptación del agua. Esto ha repercutido en aumento de caudales pico en una microcuenca constituida por espacios naturales o poco alterados.
Prolegómenos para aprender el surgimiento del trabajo social: transformaciones socio-históricas en Francia (siglos XVIII y XIX)
Authors: Esquivel Corella Freddy
Published: September 2020

El estudio de los siglos XVIII y XIX en Francia arroja una serie de complejos socio-históricos determinantes en el análisis de la constitución del Trabajo Social, entre ellos se localizan la reorganización política, algunas formas incipientes de la reproducción capitalista, la renovación y fortalecimiento del Estado, el ímpetu de los movimientos sociales de clases, la instrumentalidad del saber y las mudanzas en el conocimiento social y la institución universitaria; todo ello entretejido con la configuración de una hegemonía burguesa que prevalece hasta la actualidad.
Nuevas voces en ciencias sociales: una mirada a la investigación social
Authors: Martínez Sánchez Gloriana , Sánchez Lovell Adriana
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre el Encuentro Nuevas Voces en Ciencias Sociales realizado por el Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de la Universidad de Costa Rica, en el marco de la Semana Universitaria, desde el 2006 hasta la fecha. El artículo contiene tres partes: 1) se presenta al Encuentro, se historiza y se discuten las continuidades, rupturas y transformaciones acaecidas a través de un esfuerzo sostenido de 8 años de trabajo, 2) se caracteriza a Nuevas Voces a la luz de la investigación social: temas, relevancia, aprendizajes y pertinencia de la investigación y 3) cerramos con una reflexión sobre algunos caminos por recorrer, en relación a la producción de conocimiento en ciencias sociales.
La confesionalidad del Estado costarricense: un proceso en constante renovación
Authors: Maroto Vargas Adriana
Published: September 2020

En este artículo se abordan tres grandes ejes. Primero, una discusión teórica sobre los conceptos de laicidad y secularización desde el marco de la sociología de la religión. Segundo, el papel particular que ha jugado la jerarquía católica en la configuración del Estado en América Latina. Por último, se presenta un balance general sobre la relación histórica entre el Estado y la jerarquía católica en Costa Rica. Se concluye que en Costa Rica, la jerarquía católica más que como un grupo de presión debe entenderse como un actor de poder e influencia significativa en el desarrollo de la cultura y del Estado. De esta manera, la confesionalidad del Estado, más que un resabio histórico debe entenderse como un proceso en constante renovación.
El aprendizaje a través de un viaje particular: las giras como recurso para enseñar a investigar
Authors: Chang Vargas Giselle
Published: September 2020

En la carrera de Antropología se han utilizado las giras, tanto en cursos prácticos del eje metodológico, como de cursos teóricos del eje sustantivo. Su implementación en el marco de un curso no siempre es avalada por el profesorado o por el estudiantado, pues para algunos son un paseo y pérdida de tiempo y recursos institucionales. En esta ponencia me enfocaré en las giras, concebidas como un viaje que no es ni excursión ni turismo. Mi propuesta es concebir las giras como una herramienta que complementa la docencia y a la vez, puede facilitar la enseñanza de la investigación. La importancia de las giras la cifro por su valor al cumplir diferentes funciones: como un recurso didáctico, como facilitador del aprender a investigar y como apoyo informativo para diferentes proyectos gestionados por otras entidades públicas, privadas y comunitarias. No obstante, realizar una gira no es algo fácil, pues no se trata de montarse en una microbús y salir al campo. Más allá de las posibilidades financieras de la unidad académica de la Universidad, se deben cumplir algunos trámites administrativos. La fase de planificación de la gira, tiene una serie de requerimientos: su pertinencia con uno o varios contenidos del curso; la fecha de ejecución y contactos previos. La persona docente debe pasar a cumplir otros roles, más allá de las actividades del aula, por lo que debe armarse de ciertas habilidades, con el fin de que la gira sea de provecho para los y las estudiantes y, en un plazo no lejano, para la comunidad visitada. En esta ponencia se exponen tres experiencias de giras realizadas en distintos cursos, distintos contextos y regiones del país, cuyos informes tuvieron distintos destinos y aplicaciones.
Aplicación de códigos de ética en proyectos de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Crowther Warren , Hurtado Hernández Priscilla , Sequeira Gina
Published: September 2020

UNICEF publicó en el año 2002 una aproximación a un Código de Ética dirigido a la investigación, monitoreo y evaluación de proyectos que inciden en los derechos e intereses de los niños, niñas y adolescentes, a fin de contribuir con la calidad de gestión de conocimientos en forma más íntegra para la población meta. Se presentan las lecciones obtenidas en el intento de aplicar la aproximación del Código de Ética de UNICEF y otros afines a muy diversas categorías de proyectos de campo realizados por estudiantes universitarios como tesis, TFG, TFIA, TCU y Prácticas Profesionales en 7 carreras de la UCR y 8 carreras y un programa de 5 otras universidades en Costa Rica. Los proyectos han sido participativos de investigación acción o evaluación de factores críticos de calidad de vida y proyección de adolescentes y jóvenes. También, se ha propuesto para proyectos que afectan a los derechos e intereses de los adultos mayores, donde se plantea su participación en la adaptación de dicha normativa a la realidad y a la proyección de su generación. Se analiza la relevancia relativa atribuida a los diferentes términos de la propuesta normativa y otros Códigos para cada uno de los proyectos y los resultados de participación real, relevancia, rigor científico, validez, impacto en la toma de decisiones y posibilidades de institucionalizar las mejores prácticas que han sido ensayadas. Los resultados obtenidos dependieron de la predisposición del estudiantado universitario, sus directores, comités de supervisión y otros interesados para aceptar este nivel de protagonismo de las poblaciones meta y encaminar estas iniciativas hacia una mejorara de la calidad de gestión de conocimientos de la población objetivo, del estudiante universitario y de las instituciones involucradas.
Redes sociales y sismología: educación y prevención en torno a amenazas sísmicas
Authors: Lücke Oscar H. , Linkimer Lepolt
Published: September 2020

Costa Rica es un país de alta sismicidad en donde los procesos geológicos son parte de la vida cotidiana de sus habitantes. Sin embargo, los programas formales de educación y los medios de comunicación masiva, aún no han implementado una forma apropiada de educar a la población en estos temas, por lo que persisten mitos y confusiones. Desde 1982, la Red Sismológica Nacional (RSN: UCR-ICE), estudia la actividad sísmica y volcánica del país. Con la influencia creciente de las redes sociales en la difusión de la información, la RSN recientemente ha aprovechado este nuevo canal para reportar sismos sentidos y publicar información educativa relacionada con la sismología. En este artículo, se analiza el alcance demográfico y geográfico del Facebook de la RSN, el crecimiento de los usuarios y la importancia de la realimentación por parte de los mismos. Encontramos que el 70% de los usuarios de la RSN tienen edades entre 18 y 34 años. Además, que ciertas regiones del país tienen más actividad que otras regiones con mayor población y un índice más alto de conectividad al internet. Así pues, se interpreta que este patrón se debe a una mayor conciencia de las amenazas geológicas en esas áreas debido a su cercanía a volcanes activos. La página de Facebook de la RSN se presenta como una oportunidad para acercar las geociencias a una audiencia popular y para motivar a la población a que participe en el reporte de sus observaciones de los sismos sentidos y así proveer datos de intensidades. Sin lugar a dudas, este nuevo acercamiento en educación puede mejorar la comprensión de los procesos geológicos e impactar positivamente la percepción de las amenazas naturales en Costa Rica.
La educación como un medio para alcanzar la paz
Authors: Naranjo Segura Juan Carlos
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo expone algunas de las reflexiones desarrolladas en la investigación titulada “El aporte del programa Ética, estética y ciudadanía al fortalecimiento de los Derechos Humanos de la adolescencia”. La cual centra el análisis en la caracterización de la ideología detrás del modelo educativo costarricense, así como en sus consecuencias y la visualización de una educación crítica como un medio para alcanzar la paz.
SOÑANDO EN DIFERENCIA: ASPIRACIONES SOBRE EL FUTURO DE JUVENTUDES COSTARRICENSES DREAMING IN DIFFERENCE: ASPIRATIONS ABOUT THE FUTURE IN COSTARICAN YOUTH
Authors: Beirute Brealey Tatiana
Published: September 2020

Las diferentes condiciones socioeconómicas, socio territorial y cultural de la Costa Rica de hoy permitenafirmar que la experiencia de las juventudes no es homogénea. Las condiciones objetivas sondiferentes, pero, vinculadas a éstas, también lo son sus construcciones subjetivas. Resulta importantecomprender la forma en que las realidades objetivas diferenciadas inciden sobre las subjetividades delos jóvenes y por tanto sobre las capacidades reales con las que éstos cuentan. Una forma de comprenderesta incidencia es acercándose a la manera en que los jóvenes se proyectan en el futuro. Este trabajoanaliza las aspiraciones y expectativas sobre el futuro de jóvenes urbanos costarricenses, relacionadoscon el estudio, las profesiones y el ámbito laboral, en función del nivel de inclusión o exclusión en elque se desarrollan. El hecho de que la idea de “sueño” no implica la existencia de un vínculo con unprincipio de realidad, lleva a pensar que los sueños deberían ser infinitos, y que las únicas diferenciasentre lo que las personas sueñan o aspiran hacer con sus vidas, deberían descansar en las particularesindividuales de cada ser humano. Sin embargo, en la práctica esto no necesariamente es así. Las condiciones sociales en las que se desarrollan las personas, sus interacciones y los habitus que se construyen a partir de las diversas formas de conocer y vivir el mundo influyen en sus subjetividades, al punto de convertirse en potencializadores o limitantes del bienestar futuro.
LA INCLUSIÓN DEL GÉNERO Y LA DISCAPACIDAD EN EL CURRÍCULUM DE LA ESCUELA DE TRABAJO SOCIAL, SEDE RODRIGO FACIO, UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA INCLUSION OF GENDER AND DISABILITY IN THE CURRICULUM OF THE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK, RODRIGO FACIO, UNIVERSITY OF COSTA
Authors: Ramírez Morera Marcela
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo discute la importancia de incluir las perspectivas de género y discapacidad en elcurrículum de la carrera de Trabajo Social de la UCR, mediante la identificación de los conocimientosque la población estudiantil de esta unidad académica tiene acerca de las temáticas de género y discapacidad. Aunado al proceso de concientización de este mismo grupo en dichas realidades.De igual manera, se destaca las conceptualizaciones de violencia estructural, simbólica, discapacidady género, además de las diferentes manifestaciones de dicha violencia en el ámbito académico, seguidopor una descripción del proceso metodológico desarrollado en la investigación, el cual describe laspersonas participantes, las estrategias de recolección de información y algunos detalles de las fasesexperimentadas en la indagación realizada.Finalmente, esta publicación destaca una serie de conclusiones y recomendaciones emanadas de la población participante en la investigación, las cuales son pilares fundamentales para orientar el accionar de las distintas unidades académicas, y en particular, la Escuela de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
DIGLOSIA BAHASA ARAB (Dilema Penggunaan Dialek Fuṣḥā dan ‘Ᾱmmiyah)
Authors: Hermawan Acep
Published: September 2020

Masyarakat Arab Jahiliyah sebelum datangnya Islam sudah memiliki bahasa bersama (ligua franca), yang disebut bahasa fusḥā. Seiring dengan perkembangan waktu dan tempat, serta meluasnya pergaulan masyarakat, fenomena laḥn (kesalahan menggunakan bahasa) banyak terjadi, maka muncullah bahasa ‘āmmiyah. Kedatangan Islam melalui Alquran dan Hadis menguatkan bahasa fuṣḥā, namun bahasa  ‘āmmiyah tetap digunakan secara alami. Fenomena diglosia ini menjadi dilema karena fuṣḥā yang teratur dan‘āmmiyah yang tak teratur sama-sama digunakan meskipun dalam konteks yang berbeda. Bahasa fuṣḥā digunakan pada forum-forum resmi, keagamaan, dan komunikasi yang luas, sedangkan bahasa ‘āmmiyah digunakan dalam forum-forum tidak resmi dan bebas. Dalam konteks keindonesiaan, bahasa fuṣḥā tumbuh dan berkembang seiring dengan Alquran dan Hadis Nabi sebagai bagian dari materi pelajaran agama Islam di lembaga-lembaga pendidikan. Kondisi ini selanjutnya mengilhami peran bahasa Arab dalam membangun peradaban.
مفهوم التلاوة والتزكية والتعليم في القرآن الكريم
Authors: Ripal Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Aspek bahasa merupakan salah satu lingkup kemukjizatan al-Qur’an. Kontruksi lahir dari kitab suci ini adalah berbahasa Arab, hal tersebut sangat relevan dengan beberapa firman Allah SWT. Setiap orang yang memusatkan perhatiannya terhadap al-Qur’an, maka dia akan menemukan berbagai aspek dari kemukjizatan al-Qur’an tersebut, diantaranya setiap kata yang berada dalam susunan suatu ayat merupakan mukjizat yang diperlukan oleh kata lainnya dalam ayat tersebut yang telah terkombinasi atau terangkai dengan sempurna. Hal demikian yang ditemukan oleh peneliti dalam al-Qur’an, adanya rangkaian kata Tilâwah, Tazkiyah dan Ta’lim dalam berbagai ayat berikut, yaitu surat al-Bâqarah, 2: 129, 151, âli-Imran, 3: 164, dan al-Jumu’ah, 62: 2.
La Litis contestatio en el proceso penal canónico
Authors: Daniel William
Published: September 2020

Uno de los elementos principales del proceso es el acto por el que el juez, tras haber oído a las partes y valorado el libellus, determina los términos de la controversia (la litis contestatio). La tradición canónica sugiere que, en el juicio penal, este momento puede reconfigurarse como delicti contestatio, puesto que supone poner en conocimiento del juez la notitia criminis y su oposición, o al menos el reconocimiento de ser el acusado. Este momento señala la iniciación del contradictorium en el proceso penal y constituye la base de la defensa propia en el proceso. La praxis judicial considera suficiente, para la fórmula de la duda, que se indique el delito que se le imputa junto a la pena que le corresponde que, por lo común, queda indeterminada, excepto en el caso de las penas más graves. Sin embargo, la justicia natural y la racionalidad del proceso parecen sugerir que, en la fórmula de la duda, debería delimitarse más concretamente la pena. Este proceder podría dar lugar también a un procedimiento administrativo penal más justo.
Protective potentials of ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves against acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rats
Authors: OLOYEDE Hussein O. B. , LUKMAN Halimat Y. , SALAWU Musa O.
Published: September 2020

The liver is an important organ performing vital roles that become affected when damaged. The protective potential of ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves on acetaminophen-induced liver damage in female albino rats was investigated. Forty female rats were completely randomized into eight groups (A-H) of five rats each. Group A (control), received 1 ml of distilled water, group B (untreated) received 250 mgkg-1  bw of acetaminophen, group C received  silymarin (50 mgkg-1 bw) followed by actaminophen (250 mgkg-1 bw),  groups D-G received 100, 200, 400 and 600 mgkg-1  bw of ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves respectively; followed by acetaminophen administration (250 mgkg-1 bw), while group H (toxicity control) received 600 mgkg-1 bw extract fraction daily. Ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves significantly (p<0.05) decreased the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase and bilirubin concentration and increased the concentrations of total protein and albumin in acetaminophen-induced liver damaged rats when compared with the untreated group. Prevention of liver damage was observed in the groups pre-administered 400 and 600 mgkg-1 bw of the extract fraction as well as the silymarin group. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and the concentration of glutathione were significantly (p<0.05) increased while the concentration of malondialdehyde was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in rats pre-administered with silymarin or the extract fraction when compared with the acetaminophen-induced rats. Ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves prevented acetaminophen-induced rat liver damage probably mainly due to the antioxidant constituents of the fraction.
Quantifying seed germination responses of Echinops and Centaurea, to salinity and drought stresses
Authors: ZARE Ahmad , MOOSAVI Seyed A.
Published: September 2020

Seed germination may significantly interrupt by water stress due to drought and salinity condition. Salinity can cause osmotic pressure and induce drought stress. Water deficit stress affect normal seed germination and reduce seedling vigor. The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of drought and salt stresses on germination characteristics of Echinops ritro and Centaurea virgata. Seeds were germinated with the concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mmol) or in polyethylene glycol PEG6000 (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1 and -1.2 MPa). The highest values of germination parameters were obtained with no osmotic potential or salinity stress. At treatment by PEG, the germination was severely decreased at -0.6 MPa. While, no germination occurred at- 0.8 MPa by PEG. Results revealed that under 118 Mmol salinity, the seed germination of Centaurea virgata declined to 43% which was as close as half of its total seed germination. However, 50% reduction in seed germination of Echinops ritro was observed at 193 mmol salinity. Results indicated Echinops ritro and Centaurea virgata germination was sensitive to both the stresses. However, seedling growth was more sensitive to PEG than NaCl.
Anticancer potentials of leaf, stem, and root extracts of Achyranthes aspera L.
Authors: OMIDIANI Nafisehsadat , DATKHILE Kailas D. , BARMUKH Rajkumar B.
Published: September 2020

Achyranthes aspera L. (Amaranthaceae), an herbaceous roadside weed in various parts of India, has several therapeutic uses, including the treatment against cancer. This investigation was undertaken to identify the bioactive compounds conferring cytotoxicity to the extracts from its biomass. The powdered leaf, stem, and root biomass was extracted separately in ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, and methanol. Each extract was tested against the HeLa cell line for the cytotoxicity, but the root-acetone extract was the most cytotoxic. This extract revealed eleven bands. The solution obtained from the ninth band (Rf = 0.87±0.06) exhibited more than 90% inhibition of HeLa cells. The LCMS analysis of this solution showed the presence of 37 compounds, out of which few compounds had been reported from different plants to possess cytotoxicity in various systems.
Possible ameliorative effects of hydromethanol extract of Thymus vulgaris on cadmium induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats
Authors: ONOJA Remigius I. , CHUKWUDI Chinwe U. , EMEJUO Nnenna T. , UGWUANYI Hillary E. , UGWUEZE Emmanuel U.
Published: September 2020

This study evaluated the possible ameliorative effect of hydromethanol extract of Thymus vulgaris on hepatorenal toxicity induced by cadmium in male rats. The experimental animals were divided into four groups and treated as follows: A (control - 0.5ml of 2% tween 80 in distilled water per os) for 3 weeks and a single subcutaneous dose of phosphate buffered saline, B (single subcutaneous dose of cadmium in phosphate buffered saline at 3 mg/kg); C (500 mg/kg extract per os daily for 3 weeks) and D (single subcutaneous dose of cadmium in phosphate buffered saline at 3 mg/kg + 500 mg/kg extract per os daily for 3 weeks). Cadmium administration resulted in suppression of erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, an elevated total leucocyte count with associated neutrophilia which improved with extract administration. Levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and total bilirubin concentration increased with decrease in total serum protein and albumin in cadmium treated group B compared to control group A, group C (extract only) and cadmium plus extract treated group D. Cadmium led to a reduction in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities with increase in the level of malondialdehyde. However, co-administration of extract with cadmium in group D reduced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress induced by cadmium. Histopathological examination of cadmium treated groups showed moderate vacuolar degeneration in the liver and degeneration of the kidney tubules which were ameliorated following co-administration with extract. This study shows that Thymus vulgaris extract has a potential protective effect against cadmium induced hepato-renal injury through the suppression of oxidative stress.
The effects of salicylic acid on the germination and early seedling growth of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)
Authors: IKHAJIAGBE Beckley , MUSA Saheed I.
Published: September 2020

This study investigated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on the germination and early seedling growth of Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L., Fabaceae). Pigeon pea were sown in soils containing 5 mg/l, 10 mg/l, 20 mg/l, 30 mg/l and 50 mg/l SA and a control (0 mg/l). The treatment was applied to the plant for 6 weeks from the day of planting. It was observed that the leaflet area increased more in plants that received SA treatment in low concentration (0 mg/l, 5 mg/l, 10 mg/l and 20 mg/l) than in those with higher concentration (30 mg/l and 50 mg/l). The same result was obtained in the total chlorophyll content of the leaves and in average height of the plant (p<0.05). It was also observed that the number of leaves formed were more in plant that had little SA concentration. However, it was also discovered that at concentration below 10 mg/l, the growth promoting effect of SA declined. The study presents supporting evidence that optimum SA concentration required for maximum seed germination and early seedling growth in C. cajan is 20 mg/l. This finding will act as guide in the application of SA treatment in growing C. cajan.