bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The bHLH network underlying plant shade‐avoidance
Authors: Buti Sara , Hayes Scott , Pierik Ronald
Published: February 2020

Shade is a potential threat to many plant species. When shade‐intolerant plants detect neighbours, they elongate their stems and leaves in an effort to maximise their light capture. This developmental programme, known as ‘shade‐avoidance’ is tightly controlled by specialised photoreceptors and a suite of transcriptional regulators. The basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors are particularly important for shade‐induced elongation. In recent years, it has become apparent that many members of this family heterodimerise and that together they form a complex regulatory network. This review summarises recent work into the structure of the bHLH network and how it regulates elongation growth. In addition to this, we highlight how photoreceptors modulate the function of the network via direct interaction with transcription factors. It is hoped that the information integrated in this review will provide a useful theoretical framework for future studies on the molecular basis of shade‐avoidance in plants.
Donald Trump and the Return of the Paranoid Style
Authors: Hart Roderick P.
Published: February 2020

Here, I examine Donald Trump';s use of what historian Richard Hofstadter has called the paranoid style in American politics, a style that galvanizes audiences by describing how malign forces are working behind the scenes to subvert their will. Although many observers see that style as Trump's own, scholars have not yet tracked its manifestations empirically and systematically. Using DICTION software, I examined a large number of political documents to track Trump's uses of this style. I find that (1) Trump used the paranoid style considerably more often than prior presidential candidates between 1948 and the present; (2) in doing so, he tapped into a discourse already present among citizen‐activists; and (3) encounters with the press were especially likely to draw forth such remarks from the nation's forty‐fifth president. That Trump has depended heavily on the paranoid style and that he has been successful doing so raises painful questions for the American people, especially as nationalist tendencies surface with greater regularity in the United States and in other Western democracies as well.
Early HIV infection is associated with reduced proportions of gamma delta T subsets as well as high creatinine and urea levels
Authors: Olusola Babatunde A. , Kabelitz Dieter , Olaleye David O. , Odaibo Georgina N.
Published: February 2020

Renal dysfunctions are major predictors of co‐morbidities and mortality in HIV‐infected individuals. Unconventional T cells have been shown to regulate kidney functions. However, there is dearth of information on the effect of HIV‐associated nephropathies on γδ and DN T cells. It is also not clear whether γδ T cell perturbations observed during the early stages of HIV infection occur before immune activation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between creatinine and urea on the number of unconventional T cells in HIV‐infected individuals at the early and chronic stages of infection. Persons in the chronic stage of infection were divided into treatment naïve and exposed groups. Treatment exposed individuals were further subdivided into groups with undetectable and detectable HIV‐1RNA in their blood. Creatinine and urea levels were significantly higher among persons in the early HIV infection compared with the other groups. Proportions of γδ T, γδ + CD8, γδ + CD16 cells were also significantly reduced in the early stage of HIV infection (P < .01). Markers of immune activation, CD4 + HLA‐DR and CD8 + HLA‐DR, were also significantly reduced during early HIV infection (P < .01). Taken together, our findings suggest that high levels of renal markers as well as reduced proportions of gamma delta T cells are associated with the early stages of HIV infection. This event likely occurs before systemic immune activation reaches peak levels. This study provides evidence for the need for early HIV infection diagnosis and treatment.
Reduced risk of vasovagal reactions in Australian whole blood donors after national implementation of applied muscle tension and water loading
Authors: Thijsen Amanda , Masser Barbara , Davison Tanya E.
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

A new national donor safety initiative was introduced in Australia in 2018, which aimed to encourage all whole blood donors to water load and to use applied muscle tension. This study evaluated the effect of this initiative on the rate of vasovagal reactions (VVR).

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Routinely collected data were used to identify whole blood donations and any associated VVRs before (n = 167,056 donations) and after implementation (n = 215,572 donations). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the differences in VVR rates.

RESULTS

The total rate of VVRs declined from 22.5 per 1000 donations to 20.6 per 1000 donations after implementation, a reduction of 8% (p < 0.001). The rate of presyncopal reactions decreased by 8% in new donors and 12% in repeat donors. No impact was observed on the rate of syncope in any of the groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated the odds of experiencing a presyncopal reaction was reduced by 13% following implementation, with no significant effects on syncope.

CONCLUSION

The findings of this study support the use of water loading and applied muscle tension in routine whole blood collection to reduce the incidence of VVRs.
Examining the Relationship Between Teacher Performance Ratings and District Under the Ohio Teacher Evaluation System
Authors: Elam Nicholas P. , Finch W. Holmes
Published: February 2020

The soundness of the Ohio Teacher Evaluation System (OTES) depends heavily on evaluators’ uniform interpretation of the qualitative Teacher Performance rubric. This study investigates the relationship between teachers’ district of employment, and the Teacher Performance ratings they receive under OTES. For Ohio districts that implemented OTES in 2012-2013, 2013-2014, and 2014-2015, the proportion of various Teacher Performance ratings and Student Growth Measures ratings are examined and compared to statewide proportions, using descriptive data and a log-linear model. Findings speak to the importance of a continued or renewed emphasis on fostering uniform interpretation and implementation of teacher evaluation rubrics and systems.
Revisión de las prácticas de enfermería en cuidado paliativo de pacientes con heridas oncológicas
Authors: Barbosa Cespedes Maria Alejandra , Esquivel Diaz Lina Paola , Jimenez Ramirez Magda Lorena , Gonzalez Sabogal Monica Cecilia
Published: February 2020

Introducción: Los pacientes con heridas oncológicas o tumorales tienen unas necesidades específicas de cuidado, por dolor, exudado y mal olor; por lo tanto, los profesionales de enfermería deben brindar un cuidado integral y proporcionar confort y alivio de síntomas, a fin de mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia. Objetivo: Consolidar hallazgos de la literatura sobre prácticas de enfermería en cuidado paliativo de pacientes con heridas oncológicas en el manejo del exudado, dolor y olor. Método: Revisión integrativa mediante la búsqueda electrónica de artículos bajo la pregunta orientadora: ¿cuáles son las prácticas de enfermería en cuidado paliativo de pacientes con heridas oncológicas en cuanto al manejo del exudado, dolor y olor?, en el periodo 2000-2017, idioma inglés, español o portugués, en las bases de datos IdeA, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, ProQuest y Dialnet. Resultados: Se identificaron 52 artículos, de los cuales 22 se ajustaban a la pregunta y presentaban información relevante. Esta revisión logró consolidar aspectos importantes sobre las prácticas de enfermería en cuidado paliativo, siendo de utilidad para profesionales de enfermería como un referente de intervenciones dirigidas a esta población con necesidades especiales de cuidado. Conclusión: Se requieren más estudios sobre el manejo de estos síntomas; no obstante, las prácticas documentadas hasta el momento se basan en una adecuada técnica, limpieza de la herida y control de carga bacteriana, elección de apósito atraumático de alta capacidad de absorción y múltiples intervenciones no farmacológicas.
A User Motion Data Acquisition and Processing Method for the Design of Rehabilitation Robot With Few Degrees-of-Freedom
Authors: Chen Peng , Dong De , Lv Hao , Zhu Liuxian
Published: February 2020

Mechanism with few degrees-of-freedom is an economical solution for rehabilitation robots because it does not need a complicated structure and control system. To provide motion data to design the robot with few degrees-of-freedom, a user motion data acquisition, and processing method on the mobile platform is proposed. The data from the monocular vision system have been used on the smartphone and the KCF algorithm to track the knee and hip joints motion. To increase the stability and the precision, the maker with texture is designed to carry out the tracking. Furthermore, the transformation from the image coordinate to the world coordinate is implemented by the cross-ratio invariant in the controlled tracking condition with fixed dimension makers. By this mean, the motion path in the image coordinate is converted to that in the world coordinate. With the low limb motion path that provides the input of the Fourier descriptor, the mechanical parameters of the robot with few degrees-of-freedom are calculated, and the 3D models of the mechanism are constructed. Finally, the prototype of the rehabilitation robot is established which can assist the users to stand from sitting posture, or work as a wheelchair with obstacle avoidance function by infrared and ultrasonic sensors.
Machine Learning-Driven Individualized Gait Rehabilitation: Classification, Prediction, and Mechanism Design
Authors: Loya Amol , Deshpande Shrinath , Purwar Anurag
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a machine learning-based approach toward designing individually targeted rehabilitation devices. This approach consists of a classification model for early detection of a disease, regression, and artificial neural networks (ANNs) models to predict the target rehabilitation gait for a specific individual, and finally a generative approach for the conditional synthesis of single degree-of-freedom linkage mechanisms for gait rehabilitation. Design of mechanisms for human–machine interaction involves numerous subjective criteria and constraints in addition to the motion task. This is particularly important for the rehabilitation devices, where the size, complexity, weight, cost, and ease of use are critical factors. In this paper, we present an end-to-end computational approach for developing a device for individualized gait rehabilitation using machine learning techniques focusing on gait classification, prediction, and specialized device design. These models generate a distribution of linkage mechanisms, which strongly correlate to the distribution of target path variations. This way of formulating the problem results in a large variety of solutions to which subjective criteria can be applied to yield practically useful design concepts that would otherwise not be possible using traditional synthesis methods.
A User-Driven Design Framework for Coupled-Serial-Chain Mechanism Synthesis for Assisting Sit-to-Stand Motion
Authors: Zhu Liuxian , Lv Hao , Li Li , Xu Xiaofei
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a novel coupled-serial-chain (CSC) mechanism based multifunctional rehabilitation robot to assist the patients with lower-limb disability in their sit-to-stand (STS) movement. The CSC mechanism is constructed by coupling the joint rotations of a multilink serial chain with gears and operates by following the natural movement of human joints and limbs during the STS motion. The goal is to design an ergonomic and lightweight assistive robot with CSC mechanism that helps minimize the patient's joint/muscle strength and requires the least number of external actuators. A user-driven design framework is proposed to synthesize the CSC mechanism with type and dimensions personalized to the hip trajectory of an individual user. An example CSC mechanism is generated and verified by virtual prototyping and simulation. A physical prototype of the mechanism is built, which will be tested on the human subject to evaluate its maneuverability and physical compatibility with the subject's STS movement.
Monitoring Human Body Joint Rotations Based on Wearable Magnetic Strap Modules and the Jacobian Matrix of Magnetic Fields
Authors: Baca José , Martinez Michael
Published: February 2020

This work presents the development of a novel methodology in monitoring human body joint rotations based on magnetic tracking (localization). This project leverages the development of an experimental platform that can be used for healthcare within different domains such as senior care for evaluating rehabilitation therapies, the assessment of human body movements of stroke survivors, other patients with sensorimotor disorders, as well as, in space for monitoring astronauts during the execution of strength training and aerobic exercises. The main contribution is a novel magnetic tracking methodology that allows for the tracking of a magnetic dipole source in five degrees-of-freedom (5DOF) without the use of numerical methods. This approach is based on using the Jacobian matrix of the magnetic flux density from a dipole magnet. By using this approach, magnetometers that sense the magnetic flux density will be able to determine the position and orientation of a magnetic dipole source.
Evaluating the Magnitude and Spatial Extent of Disruptions Across Interdependent National Infrastructure Networks
Authors: Zorn Conrad , Pant Raghav , Thacker Scott , Shamseldin Asaad Y.
Published: February 2020

Critical infrastructure networks are geographically distributed systems spanning multiple scales. These networks are increasingly interdependent for normal operations, which causes localized asset failures from natural hazards or man-made interference to propagate across multiple networks, affecting those far removed from an initiating failure event. This paper provides methodology to identify such failure propagation effects by quantifying the spatial variability in magnitude, frequency, and disruptive reach of failures across national infrastructure networks. To achieve this, we present methodology to combine functionally interdependent infrastructure networks with geographic interdependencies by simulating complete asset failures across a national scale grid of spatially localized hazards. A range of metrics are introduced to compare the systemic vulnerabilities of infrastructure systems and the resulting spatial variability in both the potential for initiating widespread failures and the risk of being impacted by distant hazards. We demonstrate the approach through an application in New Zealand of infrastructures across the energy (electricity, petroleum supply), water and waste (water supply, wastewater, solid waste), telecommunications (mobile networks), and transportation sectors (passenger rail, ferry, air, and state highways). In addition to identifying nationally significant systemic vulnerabilities, we observe that nearly half (46%) of the total disruptions across the simulation set can be attributed to network propagation initiated asset failures. This highlights the importance in considering interdependencies when assessing infrastructure risks and prioritizing investment decisions for enhancing resilience of national networks.
Reliability Analysis of Phased Mission Systems When Components Can Be Swapped Upon Failure
Authors: Coolen Frank P. A. , Huang Xianzhen , Najem Aesha
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes a new strategy to improve the reliability of phased mission systems (PMS), namely, by swapping of components. In the proposed strategy, when a component fails, it can be swapped by another one in the system which is still functioning. We consider both the options to swap components at any time and for swaps to be possible only at phase transitions. This paper also discusses the strategy of swapping components according to structure importance. The structure importance is used to measure the importance level of the components in contributing to system reliability. Then, when a component with high importance fails, it is swapped by another component with lower importance from the system which has not yet failed. The survival signature methodology is implemented to assess the reliability of PMS when there is a possibility of components swapping. In addition, we consider the cost effectiveness of component swapping through two models (time independent and time dependent) of penalty costs for PMS.
Time Optimal Trajectories for a Mobile Robot Under Nonsliding and Radius-of-Turn Constraints
Authors: Ben-Asher Joseph Z. , Wetzler Michael , Rimon Elon D.
Published: February 2020

The time-optimal path problem for a point mass mobile robot is considered. Given initial and target states, we seek the time optimal path subject to the following constraints: (1) A limitation on its maximal linear acceleration; (2) a speed-dependent nonsliding condition; and (3) a minimal radius of turn. The paper formulates and analyzes the time optimal path problem using standard optimal control formulation with extensive use of the classical Hodograph method. Based on the analysis, the time optimal path consists of five path primitives. Numerical solutions are obtained to support and illustrate the analysis.
Locally sequential synaptic reactivation during hippocampal ripples
Authors: Ishikawa Tomoe , Ikegaya Yuji
Published: February 2020

Adjacent CA1 dendritic spines are sequentially and repeatedly activated during hippocampal sharp-wave ripples.
A compositionally heterogeneous martian mantle due to late accretion
Authors: Marchi Simone , Walker Richard J. , Canup Robin M.
Published: February 2020

A few early, large collisions on Mars may be responsible for heterogeneity in tungsten and platinum in martian meteorites.
Editing a γ-globin repressor binding site restores fetal hemoglobin synthesis and corrects the sickle cell disease phenotype
Authors: Weber Leslie , Frati Giacomo , Felix Tristan , Hardouin Giulia , Casini Antonio , Wollenschlaeger Clara , Meneghini Vasco , Masson Cecile , De Cian Anne , Chalumeau Anne , Mavilio Fulvio , Amendola Mario , Andre-Schmutz Isabelle , Cereseto Anna , El Nemer Wassim , Concordet Jean-Paul , Giovannangeli Carine , Cavazzana Marina , Miccio Annarita
Published: February 2020

Editing the fetal γ-globin promoters in hematopoietic stem cells from sickle cell disease patients induces therapeutic γ-globin levels.
Investigating the genetic susceptibility to exertional heat illness
Authors: Gardner Lois , Miller Dorota M , Daly Catherine , Gupta Pawan K , House Carol , Roiz de Sa Daniel , Shaw Marie-Anne , Hopkins Philip M
Published: February 2020

Background

We aimed to identify rare (minor allele frequency ≤1%), potentially pathogenic non-synonymous variants in a well-characterised cohort with a clinical history of exertional heat illness (EHI) or exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER). The genetic link between malignant hyperthermia (MH) and EHI was investigated due to their phenotypic overlap.

Methods

The coding regions of 38 genes relating to skeletal muscle calcium homeostasis or exercise intolerance were sequenced in 64 patients (mostly military personnel) with a history of EHI, or ER and who were phenotyped using skeletal muscle in vitro contracture tests. We assessed the pathogenicity of variants using prevalence data, in silico analysis, phenotype and segregation evidence and by review of the literature.

Results

We found 51 non-polymorphic, potentially pathogenic variants in 20 genes in 38 patients. Our data indicate that RYR1 p.T3711M (previously shown to be likely pathogenic for MH susceptibility) and RYR1 p.I3253T are likely pathogenic for EHI. PYGM p.A193S was found in 3 patients with EHI, which is significantly greater than the control prevalence (p=0.000025). We report the second case of EHI in which a missense variant at CACNA1S p.R498 has been found. Combinations of rare variants in the same or different genes are implicated in EHI.

Conclusion

We confirm a role of RYR1 in the heritability of EHI as well as ER but highlight the likely genetic heterogeneity of these complex conditions. We propose defects, or combinations of defects, in skeletal muscle calcium homeostasis, oxidative metabolism and membrane excitability are associated with EHI.
Cognitive inhibition impairments in presymptomatic C9orf72 carriers
Authors: Montembeault Maxime , Sayah Sabrina , Rinaldi Daisy , Le Toullec Benjamin , Bertrand Anne , Funkiewiez Aurélie , Saracino Dario , Camuzat Agnès , Couratier Philippe , Chouly Marianne , Hannequin Didier , Aubier-Girard Carole , Pasquier Florence , Delbeuck Xavier , Colliot Olivier , Batrancourt Bénédicte , Azuar Carole , Lévy Richard , Dubois Bruno , Le Ber Isabelle , Migliaccio Raffaella
Published: February 2020

Objective

To investigate cognitive inhibition in presymptomatic C9orf72 mutation carriers (C9+) and its associated neuroanatomical correlates.

Methods

Thirty-eight presymptomatic C9orf72 mutation carriers (C9+, mean age 38.2±8.0 years) and 22 C9− controls from the PREV-DEMALS cohort were included in this study. They underwent a cognitive inhibition assessment with the Hayling Sentence Completion Test (HSCT; time to completion (part B−part A); error score in part B) as well as a 3D MRI.

Results

C9+ individuals younger than 40 years had higher error scores (part B) but equivalent HSCT time to completion (part B−part A) compared to C9− individuals. C9+ individuals older than 40 years had both higher error scores and longer time to completion. HSCT time to completion significantly predicted the proximity to estimated clinical conversion from presymptomatic to symptomatic phase in C9+ individuals (based on the average age at onset of affected relatives in the family). Anatomically, we found that HSCT time to completion was associated with the integrity of the cerebellum.

Conclusion

The HSCT represents a good marker of cognitive inhibition impairments in C9+ and of proximity to clinical conversion. This study also highlights the key role of the cerebellum in cognitive inhibition.
Age change, official age and fairness in health
Authors: Lippert-Rasmussen Kasper , Petersen Thomas Søbirk
Published: February 2020

In a recent JME article, Joona Räsänen makes the case for allowing legal age change. We identify three problems with his argument and, on that basis, propose an improved version thereof. Unfortunately, even the improved argument is vulnerable to the objection that chronological age is a better proxy for justice in health than both legal and what we shall call official age.
Impact of e-cigarette use among a cohort of American Indian cigarette smokers: associations with cigarette smoking cessation and cigarette consumption
Authors: Comiford Ashley L , Rhoades Dorothy A , Spicer Paul , Dvorak Justin D , Ding Kai , Wagener Theodore L. , Doescher Mark P
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Despite American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people having the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking nationwide, few studies have evaluated e-cigarette use among AI/AN adults who smoke. The primary objective of this observational pilot cohort study was to determine if e-cigarette use is associated with cigarette smoking cessation or reduction among adult AI individuals who smoke.

Methods

In 2016, we collected baseline survey and biomarker data among AI adults who smoke. The survey included questions about cigarette consumption and use of e-cigarettes and biomarkers, such as salivary cotinine markers and exhaled carbon monoxide. After 18 months, we repeated data collection, and asked about changes in cigarette smoking status and cigarettes per day (CPD). Comparisons between groups were performed using the χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Results

Of 375 baseline participants, 214 (57.07%) returned for follow-up and were included in analyses. Of these, 20 (9.3%) reported having stopped cigarette smoking and had biochemical verification of cigarette smoking abstinence. Among those who quit smoking, 15% were baseline e-cigarette users; while among those who continued to smoke at follow-up, about 11% were baseline e-cigarette users. This difference was not statistically significant (p=0.48). Among all those who continued to smoke at follow-up, there was no overall decrease in CPD, nor a significant difference in change in CPD between baseline e-cigarette users and non-users (p=0.98).

Conclusions

E-cigarette use at baseline was not associated with smoking cessation or a change in CPD in this cohort of AI adults who smoke after an 18-month follow-up period.
Michael Alan Horrox
Authors: Horrox Nigel
Published: February 2020

A Yorkshire practitioner whose expertise led him to work with a variety of species. He enjoyed involvement in a number of veterinary groups, as well as local organisations in his home town.
Non-linear interactions in cosmologies with energy exchange
Authors: Barrow John D. , Kittou Georgia
Published: February 2020

We investigate the case of two interacting fluids in homogeneous and isotropic cosmologies with a non-linear interaction term. The interaction term avoids the unrealistic form generally used in the literature, beginning with Tolman, in which the interaction is zero when the Hubble parameter vanishes. A variety of exact solutions for the scale factor are found and describe a range of new behaviors. We also extend the analysis of possible cosmological solutions with interacting fluids when curvature is taken into consideration. We use an example of energy exchange between radiation and scalar field to alleviate the flatness problem.
Experimental Realization of Square/Triangular Wave Generator using Commercially Available ICs
Authors: Kumar Atul , Chaturvedi Bhartendu
Published: February 2020

This paper deals with the experimental realization of square/triangular wave generator using commercially available ICs. A prototype of extra-X second generation current conveyor and five passive components are used in the experimental setup. The proposed generator provides both square and triangular waveforms simultaneously in voltage-mode. The circuit enjoys the feature of independent controllability of oscillation frequency via grounded resistor/grounded capacitor. A range of oscillation frequency from 3[Formula: see text]Hz to 250[Formula: see text]Hz is easily achieved via variation in one of the grounded resistors for a fixed value of capacitor. Moreover, a range of oscillation frequency from 19.8[Formula: see text]Hz to 19.2[Formula: see text]kHz can be achieved through the variation in grounded capacitor. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed generator is good at operating frequency as low as at 19.8 Hz and as high as 19.2[Formula: see text]kHz. Therefore, the proposed circuit can operate well from extra-low-frequency range to very-low-frequency range. Furthermore, the maximum nonlinearity of oscillation frequency is found to be 4% only.
Astrodynamical middle-frequency interferometric gravitational wave observatory AMIGO: Mission concept and orbit design
Authors: Ni Wei-Tou , Wang Gang , Wu An-Ming
Published: February 2020

AMIGO is a first-generation Astrodynamical Middle-frequency Interferometric Gravitational Wave (GW) Observatory. The scientific goals of AMIGO are to bridge the spectra gap between first-generation high-frequency and low-frequency GW sensitivities: to detect intermediate mass BH coalescence; to detect inspiral phase and predict time of binary black hole coalescences together with binary neutron star & black hole-neutron star coalescences for ground interferometers; to detect compact binary inspirals for studying stellar evolution and galactic population. The mission concept is to use time delay interferometry (TDI) for a nearly triangular formation of three drag-free spacecraft with nominal arm length 10,000 km, emitting laser power 2–10 W and telescope diameter 300–500 mm. The design GW sensitivity in the middle frequency band is [Formula: see text] Hz[Formula: see text]. Both geocentric and heliocentric orbit formations are considered. All options have LISA-like formations, that is, the triangular formation is [Formula: see text] inclined to the orbit plane. For all solar orbit options of AMIGO, the first-generation TDI satisfies the laser frequency-noise suppression requirement. We also investigate for each option of orbits under study, whether constant equal-arm implementation is feasible. For the solar-orbit options, the acceleration to maintain the formation can be designed to be less than 15 nm/s2with the thruster requirement in the 15 [Formula: see text]N range. AMIGO would be a good place to test the feasibility of the constant equal-arm option. Fuel requirement, thruster noise requirement and test mass acceleration actuation requirement are briefly considered. From the orbit study, the solar orbit option is the mission orbit preference. We study the deployment for this orbit option. After a last-stage launch from 300 km Low Earth Orbit (LEO), each S/C’s maneuver to an appropriate 2-degree-behind-the-Earth AMIGO formation in 95 days requires only a [Formula: see text]v of about 80 m/s.
Structural-Acoustic Modeling and Analysis of Carbon/Glass Fiber Hybrid Composite Laminates
Authors: Wang Xianzhong , Zuo Yingying , Lin Yongshui
Published: February 2020

The vibration and acoustic behaviors of both glass fiber laminated plates and carbon/glass fiber hybrid laminated plates are investigated by numerical simulation. The free vibration, forced vibration and acoustic radiation of laminated plates including glass fiber laminates and carbon/glass fiber hybrid laminates in air and water are calculated by the coupled finite element and boundary element method and compared with the corresponding test results. It was demonstrated that results obtained by the coupled finite element and boundary element method are in good agreement with the experimental ones. The effects of dispersion, outer fiber types and fiber hybrid ratio on the vibration and sound radiation of the laminates plates are also discussed.
ROLE OF OXYGEN CONCENTRATION IN THE OSTEOBLASTS BEHAVIOR: A FINITE ELEMENT MODEL
Authors: URDEITX PAU , FARZANEH SOLMAZ , MOUSAVI S. JAMALEDDIN , DOWEIDAR MOHAMED H.
Published: February 2020

Oxygen concentration plays a key role in cell survival and viability. Besides, it has important effects on essential cellular biological processes such as cell migration, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, the prediction of the cellular response to the alterations of the oxygen concentration can help significantly in the advances of cell culture research. Here, we present a 3D computational mechanotactic model to simulate all the previously mentioned cell processes under different oxygen concentrations. With this model, three cases have been studied. Starting with mesenchymal stem cells within an extracellular matrix with mechanical properties suitable for its differentiation into osteoblasts, and under different oxygen conditions to evaluate their behavior under normoxia, hypoxia and anoxia. The obtained results, which are consistent with the experimental observations, indicate that cells tend to migrate toward zones with higher oxygen concentration where they accelerate their differentiation and proliferation. This technique can be employed to control cell migration toward fracture zones to accelerate the healing process. Besides, as expected, to avoid cell apoptosis under conditions of anoxia and to avoid the inhibition of the differentiation and proliferation processes under conditions of hypoxia, the state of normoxia should be maintained throughout the entire cell-culture process.
Symplectic Banach–Mazur distances between subsets of ℂn
Authors: Usher Michael
Published: February 2020

Following proposals of Ostrover and Polterovich, we introduce and study “coarse” and “fine” versions of a symplectic Banach–Mazur distance on certain open subsets of [Formula: see text] and other open Liouville domains. The coarse version declares two such domains to be close to each other if each domain admits a Liouville embedding into a slight dilate of the other; the fine version, which is similar to the distance on subsets of cotangent bundles of surfaces recently studied by Stojisavljević and Zhang, imposes an additional requirement on the images of these embeddings that is motivated by the definition of the classical Banach–Mazur distance on convex bodies. Our first main result is that the coarse and fine distances are quite different from each other, in that there are sequences that converge coarsely to an ellipsoid but diverge to infinity with respect to the fine distance. Our other main result is that, with respect to the fine distance, the space of star-shaped domains in [Formula: see text] admits quasi-isometric embeddings of [Formula: see text] for every finite dimension D. Our constructions are obtained from a general method of constructing [Formula: see text]-dimensional Liouville domains whose boundaries have Reeb dynamics determined by certain autonomous Hamiltonian flows on a given [Formula: see text]-dimensional Liouville domain. The bounds underlying our main results are proven using filtered equivariant symplectic homology via methods from [J. Gutt and M. Usher, Symplectically knotted codimension-zero embeddings between domains in [Formula: see text], Duke Math. J. 168 (2019) 2299–2363].
Reconstructions of model equations of time-delay system from short experimental time series
Authors: Karavaev Anatoly S. , Ishbulatov Yurii M. , Borovkova Ekaterina I. , Kulminskiy Danil D. , Khorev Vladimir S. , Kiselev Anton R. , Ponomarenko Vladimir I. , Gridnev Vladimir I. , Prokhorov Mikhail D. , Bezruchko Boris P.
Published: February 2020

This study aims to investigate the scope of methods for the reconstruction of time-delay systems. We consider an approach to the reconstruction of time-delay systems based on the synchronous response of the driven system with the structure similar to the structure of the studied object. This approach is used for the recovery of the parameters of time-delay systems from short and noisy time series. To show the operational performance and capabilities of this approach, the parameters were reconstructed for a radiophysical chaotic generator with quadratic nonlinearity and for the model of a system for the baroreflectory regulation of the mean arterial pressure.
Experimental Study of Dehumidification Process by CaCl2 Liquid Desiccant Containing CuO Nanoparticles
Authors: Shoaib Nader , Aboosadi Zahra Arab , Esfandiari Nadia , Honarvar Bizhan
Published: February 2020

A conditioning dehumidifier system is a simple technology to improve air quality and also reduces air conditioning costs. This experimental study evaluated the performance of a liquid desiccant system by adding copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs). The effect of operating parameters, such as inlet air humidity ratio and desiccant flow rate on air dehumidification rate, was also investigated. The desiccant solution contained 48[Formula: see text]wt.% CaCl2 and 0.35[Formula: see text]vol.% of CuO NPs. Comparison of liquid desiccants demonstrated a mean difference of 4.5[Formula: see text]g/s[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m2 in the air dehumidification rate by solutions with and without CuO NPs.
History and the social responsibility of computing professionals
Authors: Schuler Douglas
Published: February 2020

There is nothing unusual or sinister in the fact that each generation rewrites history to suit its own needs, or about disagreements within the profession and among the public at large about how history should best be taught and studied.--- Eric Foner, Who owns history?: rethinking the past in a changing world. 2002. p. xi [2]
The 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Geospatial Data Access and Processing APIs (SpatialAPI 2019)
Authors: Eldawy Ahmed
Published: February 2020

With the increasing amounts of geospatial data, there is a growing demand on by developers and researchers to analyze geospatial data efficiently. The SIGSPATIAL community is both a provider of new systems with cutting edge technology on maintaining and processing geospatial data, and a user for all these systems. The SpatialAPI workshop is designed to help the SIGSPATIAL community by growing the knowledge of the existing well-established systems that are available for accessing and processing geospatial data. This includes, but is not limited to, web APIs, programming libraries, database systems, and geospatial extensions to existing systems.
Spatial gems 2019 workshop report: The 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Spatial Gems
Authors: Krumm John , Shahabi Cyrus , Züfle Andreas
Published: February 2020

Researchers and practitioners working with spatial data often develop fundamental new techniques they would like to share with their community. These are not necessarily new research results, not yet in any textbook, but they are interesting, self-contained techniques for doing something useful in the domain of spatial data. We call these techniques "spatial gems".
3rd ACM SIGSPATIAL Workshop on Analytics for Local Events and News (LENS 2019)
Authors: Chen Haiquan , Iuricich Federico , Magdy Amr
Published: February 2020

The 3rd ACM SIGSPATIAL Workshop on Analytics for Local Events and News (LENS 2019) was held in conjunction with the 27th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (ACM SIGSPATIAL 2019). The workshop is intended to bring together experts in the workshop scope to exchange ideas on opportunities, challenges and cutting-edge techniques for local events and news analytics. The workshop has attracted ten submissions, all full-length research papers. Six submissions were accepted for publications; with 60% acceptance rate. The papers are reviewed by 7 program committee members, where each paper is assigned to two reviewers. Total 8 attendants registered for the workshop. The actual number of attendants along the day fluctuated from 8 to 12, with an average of 9 attendants maintained almost all the time. The paper titled
DeepSpot: Understanding Online Opinion Spam by Text Augmentation using Sentiment Encoder-Decoder Networks
, by Avik Nayak, Haiquan Chen, Xiaojun Ruan, and Jinsong Ouyang was awarded the best paper award. The paper titled
Scalable Community Detection over Geo-Social Network
, by Xiuwen Zheng, Qiyu Liu, and Amarnath Gupta was awarded the best presentation award. The workshop has achieved its goal in bringing up together experts and conducted a set of productive discussions and talks.
GeoHumanities 2019 workshop report
Authors: Martins Bruno , Moncla Ludovic , Murrieta-Flores Patricia
Published: February 2020

This article reports on the 3rd ACM SIGSPATIAL Workshop on Geospatial Humanities, held in conjunction with the 27th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. The article outlines the objectives of the workshop, and briefly describes the technical program.
PredictGIS 2019 workshop report: Held in conjunction with ACM SIGSPATIAL 2019
Authors: Ukkusuri Satish V. , Sezaki Kaoru , Yabe Takahiro , Tsubouchi Kota
Published: February 2020

This report provides a summary of the 2019 edition of the International Workshop on Prediction of Human Mobility (PredictGIS 2019), which was held in conjunction with ACM SIGSPATIAL 2019, in Chicago, IL on November 5th, 2019.
Effects of Trendelenburg position and increased airway pressure on hepatic regional blood flow of normal and resected liver
Authors: Liu Shengchen , Moller Per W. , Kohler Andreas , Hana Anisa , Beldi Guido , Obrist Dominik , Berger David , Takala Jukka , Jakob Stephan M.
Published: February 2020

High portal venous blood flow (Qpv) may contribute to posthepatectomy liver failure. Both Trendelenburg position (TP) and elevated airway pressure (Paw) increase backpressure to venous return and may thereby reduce Qpv. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TP and increased Paw on hepatosplanchnic hemodynamics before and after major liver resection. Arterial and venous blood pressures, Qpv, extrasplanchnic inferior vena cava (Qivc), superior mesenteric (Qsma), hepatic (Qha), and carotid artery blood flows (Qca) were measured in 14 anesthetized and mechanically ventilated pigs in supine and 30° TP during end-expiratory hold at 5 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and during inspiratory hold with Paw of 15, 20, 25, and 30 cmH2O. After major liver resection, the interventions were repeated in seven randomly selected animals. At baseline, TP increased right atrial pressure (Pra) and Qpv but not Qivc or Qsma. With increased Paw in the supine position, Pra increased and all regional blood flows decreased. TP during increasing Paw attenuated the decrease in Qpv, Qsma, and Qivc but not in Qha or Qca. After liver resection, the effects of TP during increasing Paw remained, albeit at higher portal vein pressures. However, TP alone did not increase IVC venous return. Increasing Paw in supine position reduces Qpv and all other regional flows, while the reduction in Qpv is attenuated in TP, suggesting partly preserved liver waterfall or decreased intrahepatic resistance. Liver resection, despite resulting in major intrahepatic blood flow changes, does not fundamentally influence the interaction of increasing Paw and TP on regional perfusion.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY In Trendelenburg position (TP), liver blood flow is the only contributor to increased venous return measured in the inferior vena cava (IVC), which attenuates the decreased IVC venous return induced by increasing airway pressure. After liver resection, TP similarly attenuated effects of increasing airway pressure.
Bounded Analysis and Practical Tracking Control of Complex Stochastic Nonlinear Systems with Unknown Control Coefficients
Authors: Guo Long-Chuan , Fang Xiang-Kun
Published: February 2020

This paper mainly focuses on the output practical tracking controller design for a class of complex stochastic nonlinear systems with unknown control coefficients. In the existing research results, most of the complex systems are controlled in a certain direction, which leads to the disconnection between theoretical results and practical applications. The authors introduce unknown control coefficients, and the values of the upper and lower bounds of the control coefficients are generalized by constants to allow arbitrary values to be arbitrarily large or arbitrarily small. In the control design program, the design problem of the controller is transformed into a parameter construction problem by introducing appropriate coordinate transformation. Moreover, we construct an output feedback practical tracking controller based on the dynamic and static phase combined by Ito stochastic differential theory and selection of appropriate design parameters, ensuring that the system tracking error can be made arbitrarily small after some large enough time. Finally, a simulation example is provided to illustrate the efficiency of the theoretical results.
Interval-Valued Pythagorean Hesitant Fuzzy Set and Its Application to Multiattribute Group Decision-Making
Authors: Zhang Maoyin , Zheng Tingting , Zheng Wanrong , Zhou Ligang
Published: February 2020

Pythagorean hesitant fuzzy sets are widely watched because of their excellent ability to deal with uncertainty, imprecise and vague information. This paper extends Pythagorean hesitant fuzzy environments to interval-valued Pythagorean hesitant fuzzy environments and proposes the concept of interval-valued Pythagorean hesitant fuzzy set (IVPHFS), which allows the membership of each object to be a set of several pairs of possible interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy elements. Furthermore, we develop a series of aggregation operators for interval-valued Pythagorean hesitant fuzzy information and apply them to multiattribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problems. Then, some desired operational laws and properties of IVPHFSs are studied. Especially, considering an interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy element (IVPHFE) is formed by several pairs of interval values, this paper proposes the concepts of score function and accuracy function in the form of two interval numbers which can retain interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy information as much as possible. Then, the relationship among these operators is discussed by comparing the interval numbers. Eventually, an illustrative example fully shows the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Invariance of Deficiency Indices of Second-Order Symmetric Linear Difference Equations under Perturbations
Authors: Liu Yan
Published: February 2020

This paper focuses on the invariance of deficiency indices of second-order symmetric linear difference equations under perturbations. By applying the perturbation theory of Hermitian linear relations, the invariance of deficiency indices of the corresponding minimal subspaces under bounded and relatively bounded perturbations is built. As a consequence, the invariance of limit types of second-order symmetric linear difference equations under bounded and relatively bounded perturbations is obtained.
Implementation of Optimal Protection Coordination for Microgrids with Distributed Generations Using Quaternary Protection Scheme
Authors: Thararak Panida , Jirapong Peerapol
Published: February 2020

The flexible operation of microgrids, along with the availability of distributed generation (DG) units, causes a variety of changes in short-circuit current levels, magnitudes, and directions, which has undesirable effects on the operation of protection systems. Conventional protection schemes use typical directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) with limited operating capability, unable to respond to microgrid operations in the manner of short-circuit current changes. In this paper, a quaternary protection scheme implemented with dual-directional overcurrent relays (dual-DOCR) and a protection control strategy is developed for protecting against faults in microgrids, taking into account the existence of DGs and connection and disconnection of DG units. The optimal dual-DOCRs setting and coordination are formulated as an optimization problem solved by evolutionary programming to minimize the relay operating times. The proposed protection scheme is implemented with a centralized protection control system based on the smart grid concept to increase the adaptability of the dual-DOCRs, which have multiple relay setting groups in accordance with system state changes. The simulation case studies are performed using the IEEE 14-bus test system, which is modified as a meshed microgrid operation. Test scenarios, including possible operations of microgrids, DGs availabilities, and different fault events, are analyzed and discussed. The comparative studies and simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides efficient coordination between the primary and backup relays and increases the responsibility of the protection system, which can be observed from the significant reduction in the relay operating times, resulting in the enhancement of selectivity, sensitivity, and speed of microgrid protection systems.