bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Eg Orbital Occupancy of Transition Metal Sulfides by Building Internal Electric Fields to Adjust the Adsorption of Oxygenated Intermediates for Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Zhou Zhaorui , Zhao Lanling , Wang Jun , Zhang Yiming , Li Yebing , Shoukat Sana , Han Xue , Long Yuxin , Liu Yao
Published: June 2023

Li‐O2 batteries are acknowledged as one of the most promising energy systems due to their high energy density approaching that of gasoline, but the poor battery efficiency and unstable cycling performance still hinder their practical application. In this work, hierarchical NiS2‐MoS2 heterostructured nanorods are designed and successfully synthesized, and it is found that heterostructure interfaces with internal electric fields between NiS2 and MoS2 optimized eg orbital occupancy, effectively adjusting the adsorption of oxygenated intermediates to accelerate reaction kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction. Structure characterizations coupled with density functional theory calculations reveal that highly electronegative Mo atoms on NiS2‐MoS2 catalyst can capture more eg electrons from Ni atoms, and induce lower eg occupancy enabling moderate adsorption strength toward oxygenated intermediates. It is evident that hierarchical NiS2‐MoS2 nanostructure with fancy built‐in electric fields significantly boosted formation and decomposition of Li2O2 during cycling, which contributed to large specific capacities of 16528/16471 mAh g−1 with 99.65% coulombic efficiency and excellent cycling stability of 450 cycles at 1000 mA g−1. This innovative heterostructure construction provides a reliable strategy to rationally design transition metal sulfides by optimizing eg orbital occupancy and modulating adsorption toward oxygenated intermediates for efficient rechargeable Li‐O2 batteries.
Development and validation of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method of a panel of commonly prescribed benzodiazepines in urine samples
Authors: Karakukcu Cigdem , Saracoglu Hatice
Published: June 2023

Benzodiazepines are one of the most prescribed for therapeutic purposes and the most abused drugs. Therefore, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry–based methods that analyze several benzodiazepines simultaneously are required. In this study, we developed a simple, full validated in‐house method in a single‐triple quadrupole platform SCIEX QTRAP 4500 system for the simultaneous detection and quantification of the 10 most prescribed benzodiazepines within a 10‐min run time. The linear range was 12.5–500 ng/mL. All limits of detection were below 4.03 ng/mL and limits of quantitation below 12.22 ng/mL, except clobazam (7.27 and 22.04 ng/mL, respectively). Both the limit of detection and quantitation were lowest for diazepam (0.95 and 2.89 ng/mL, respectively). The method was evaluated for accuracy, precision, carry‐over, recovery, stability, and matrix effects, and all validation studies met internationally acceptable criteria. The applicability of the method was proven by analyzing authentic urine samples, internal, and third‐party external quality samples. This precise, accurate, shorter total run time and ease of urine sample analysis method is applicable in detecting most prescribed benzodiazepines and their metabolites even in glucuronide forms.
Behavior of reinforced concrete walls with integrated tubing system
Authors: Chen An , Zhang Yinglong , Wu Hao , Wang Zhe
Published: June 2023

A novel tuned liquid wall damper (TLWD) system was developed by incorporating liquid‐filled tubes within concrete walls to improve structural performance versus motion. However, the placement of the hollow tubes within a concrete wall introduces voids, and their effect on the general structural performance of the multifunctional concrete structure is not well understood. The objective of this paper is to further the understanding of reinforced concrete walls equipped with such tubing systems. To this end, experimental testing was performed on three pairs of reinforced concrete walls with circular openings. One pair was tested for four‐point bending, one for axial compression, and the other for pushover. Cracking, failure load, and failure mode were monitored during testing. Finite element (FE) models were developed and correlated with testing results, and results numerically compared against conventional, solid concrete walls also through FE modeling. Results showed that concrete walls with circular opening performed similarly to solid walls for strength, whereas the reduction in strength caused by the tubes did not have significant adverse effects. The strength reduction of the RC wall panel with integrated tubing system is dependent on the configuration of integrated tubing system and the loading condition such as bending moment, axial compression, and in‐plane shear. Finally, the strengths of the walls with openings were calculated following ACI Code, which were compared with those from the test. Overall, results showed that a tuned liquid column damping system can be integrated within a concrete wall to create a TLWD, with the wall preserving its structural function.
Effect of silica fume and waste rubber on the performance of slag‐based geopolymer mortars under high temperatures
Authors: Sağır Mehmet Akif , Karakoç Mehmet Burhan , Özcan Ahmet , Ekinci Enes , Yolcu Abdurrahman
Published: June 2023

In this study, the fire resistance of slag‐based geopolymer mortars was investigated and the effect of silica fume (SF) and waste rubber (WR) on this resistance was determined. In slag‐based geopolymer mortars activated using 12M NaOH solution, 0%, 5%, and 10% by weight SF was substituted for slag; 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% WR by volume were substituted for fine aggregate. The samples that completed the curing period were exposed to temperatures of 250°C, 500°C, and 750°C for 1 h, and the mechanical (compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths, and impact resistance), physical (weight change and sorptivity) and microstructure (scanning electron microscopy [SEM] and energy dispersive spectroscopy [EDS]) properties of these samples were examined. The compressive strengths of the samples without WR were between 48.10 and 60.97 MPa, and the samples without SF were between 28.52 and 48.10 MPa. Strength losses at 750°C were between 51.5% and 73.5%. As the SF substitution increased, the samples' mechanical and physical properties improved, whereas as the WR substitution increased, the samples' mechanical and physical properties declined. While the SF substitution had a positive effect on the fire resistance of the samples, the WR substitution had a negative effect. It is thought that the choice of geopolymer binder as a binder in the mortar and the use of waste tires as aggregate contribute to the literature in terms of both preventing environmental pollution and ensuring the recycling of these materials.
Opposing growth trends in juvenile and mature Humpback Whitefish within the upper Tanana River drainage, Alaska, revealed using otolith biochronology
Authors: Drew Katie A. , Brown Randy J.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Within areas of Alaska, Humpback Whitefish Coregonus pidschian are an important subsistence resource for many Alaska Native communities. Recently, Humpback Whitefish in the upper Tanana River drainage were reported to be smaller at a given age and reach smaller maximum sizes than fish sampled 20 years ago. The objective of this study was to identify the factors that influence annual growth of Humpback Whitefish within the upper Tanana River drainage based on an analysis of otolith increments.

Methods

A series of mixed-effects models were used to determine the relative importance of biotic (i.e., age, age at capture) and abiotic (i.e., year, sampling time period) factors on the growth of Humpback Whitefish. Juvenile (<5 years of age) and mature (≥5 years of age) growth periods were examined separately due to the unique habitats occupied by each life stage. Climate variables were correlated with the mature Humpback Whitefish biochronology to assess environmental drivers of adult growth.

Result

Biochronologies spanning over three decades (1982–2018) revealed patterns of variation in Humpback Whitefish otolith growth across years. A negative temporal trend spanning the entire study period was evident for juvenile growth, while a mostly positive trend was observed for mature growth. Between time periods, otolith growth was significantly different from zero for juvenile (estimate: −0.087; 95% CI = −0.151 to −0.023) but not mature (estimate: −0.030; 95% CI: −0.092 to 0.032) growth periods. Several environmental factors were positively (i.e., mean monthly temperature, growth degree days) and negatively (e.g., snow depth) correlated with the mature Humpback Whitefish biochronology. However, the model with mean April snow depth was the best-performing environmental model.

Conclusion

These results suggest years with elevated snow depths negatively impact mature Humpback Whitefish growth. Cumulatively, these results illustrate the importance of juvenile growth periods and how early-in-life declines in growth may not be offset by above average growth as adults and help further our understanding of how environmental conditions influence growth.
Determining groundwater recharge for quantifying PFAS mass discharge from unsaturated source zones
Authors: Newell Charles J. , Stockwell Emily B. , Alanis Jessica , Adamson David T. , Walker Kenneth L. , Anderson R. Hunter
Published: June 2023

Soil‐to‐groundwater contaminant mass discharge (Md) is the authoritative metric defining source strength at sites impacted by per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and is increasingly being reported. Accurate estimates of groundwater recharge at representative spatial scales, however, is critical to quantitatively estimating Md, which to date has received comparatively little attention relative to PFAS‐specific partitioning and retention processes within unsaturated zone source areas despite a plethora of available literature. The objective of this review is to summarize the concept of Md as it applies to PFAS‐impacted sites, present standardized terminology, and collate published literature on groundwater recharge for a practitioner‐level summary of practical methods. Critically, the primary aim is to reduce uncertainty in recharge (and, thus, Md) estimates commensurate to a given site management application (i.e., the data quality objective process). Therefore, we propose a tiered system of increasing cost, complexity, and certainty depending on specific project requirements and site conditions and recommend applicable recharge methods for each tier based on these factors. Ultimately, a framework is presented for the assessment of PFAS‐impacted source areas based on the concept of Md.
Progress of CRISPR‐based programmable RNA manipulation and detection
Authors: Wang Beibei , Yang Hui
Published: June 2023

Prokaryotic clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR associated (CRISPR‐Cas) systems provide adaptive immunity by using RNA‐guided endonucleases to recognize and eliminate invading foreign nucleic acids. Type II Cas9, type V Cas12, type VI Cas13, and type III Csm/Cmr complexes have been well characterized and developed as programmable platforms for selectively targeting and manipulating RNA molecules of interest in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. These Cas effectors exhibit remarkable diversity of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) composition, target recognition and cleavage mechanisms, and self discrimination mechanisms, which are leveraged for various RNA targeting applications. Here, we summarize the current understanding of mechanistic and functional characteristics of these Cas effectors, give an overview on RNA detection and manipulation toolbox established so far including knockdown, editing, imaging, modification, and mapping RNA‐protein interactions, and discuss the future directions for CRISPR‐based RNA targeting tools.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells

RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Brittle membranes in finite elasticity
Authors: Almi Stefano , Reggiani Dario , Solombrino Francesco
Published: June 2023

This work is devoted to the variational derivation of a reduced model for brittle membranes in finite elasticity. The main mathematical tools we develop for our analysis are: (i) a new density result in of functions satisfying a maximal‐rank constraint on the subgradients, which can be approximated by C1‐local immersions on regular subdomains of the cracked set, and (ii) the construction of recovery sequences by means of suitable diffeomorphisms mapping the regular subdomains onto the fractured configuration.
From Forbidden to Cure-All
Authors: Hallonsten Olof
Published: June 2023

Innovation was not always viewed positively in society and the economy. In fact, there is evidence that for the better part of human history it was viewed as a threat, and generally forbidden. Only in the past century has innovation risen to prominence, first as a concept and explanatory model in economics, and later as a cure-all in economic policymaking, in the wake of economic crises and the growing global competitiveness between nations, regions, and industries. This chapter accounts for the transformation of the concept of innovation from forbidden to cure-all, including a historicization and conceptualization of the basics of innovation policy.
Risk factors for thromboembolic complications in isolated severe head injury
Authors: Jakob Dominik A. , Müller Martin , Lewis Meghan , Wong Monica D. , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K. , Demetriades Demetrios
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of the present study is to identify factors independently associated with VTE events. Specifically, we hypothesized that the mechanism of penetrating head trauma might be an independent factor associated with increased VTE events when compared with blunt head trauma.

Methods

The ACS-TQIP database (2013–2019) was queried for all patients with isolated severe head injuries (AIS 3–5) who received VTE prophylaxis with either unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin. Transfers, patients who died within 72 h and those with a hospital length of stay < 48 h were excluded. Multivariable analysis was used as the primary analysis to identify independent risk factors for VTE in isolated severe TBI.

Results

A total of 75,570 patients were included in the study, 71,593 (94.7%) with blunt and 3977 (5.3%) with penetrating isolated TBI. Penetrating trauma mechanism (OR 1.49, CI 95% 1.26–1.77), increasing age (age 16–45: reference; age > 45–65: OR 1.65, CI 95% 1.48–1.85; age > 65–75: OR 1.71, CI 95% 1.45–2.02; age > 75: OR 1.73, CI 95% 1.44–2.07), male gender (OR 1.53, CI 95% 1.36–1.72), obesity (OR 1.35, CI 95% 1.22–1.51), tachycardia (OR 1.31, CI 95% 1.13–1.51), increasing head AIS (AIS 3: reference; AIS 4: OR 1.52, CI 95% 1.35–1.72; AIS 5: OR 1.76, CI 95% 1.54–2.01), associated moderate injuries (AIS = 2) of the abdomen (OR 1.31, CI 95% 1.04–1.66), spine (OR 1.35, CI 95% 1.19–1.53), upper extremity (OR 1.16, CI 95% 1.02–1.31), lower extremity (OR 1.46, CI 95% 1.26–1.68), craniectomy/craniotomy or ICP monitoring (OR 2.96, CI 95% 2.65–3.31) and pre-existing hypertension (OR 1.18, CI 95% 1.05–1.32) were identified as independent risk factors for VTE complications in isolated severe head injury. Increasing GCS (OR 0.93, CI 95% 0.92–0.94), early VTE prophylaxis (OR 0.48, CI 95% 0.39–0.60) and LMWH compared to heparin (OR 0.74, CI 95% 0.68–0.82) were identified as protective factors for VTE complications.

Conclusion

The identified factors independently associated with VTE events in isolated severe TBI need to be considered in VTE prevention measures. In penetrating TBI, an even more aggressive VTE prophylaxis management may be justified as compared to that in blunt.
In vitro evaluation of a computer-assisted decision support system for the primary care of polytrauma patients
Authors: Vogel Christoph , Neumann Juliane , Kießling Lisa , Hempel Gunther , Neumuth Thomas , Kleber Christian , Osterhoff Georg
Published: June 2023

Introduction

The management of polytraumatized patients is set in a stressful environment with numerous critical decisions in a brief amount of time. Working along a standardised procedure can improve the outcome for these patients and reduce mortality. To help clinical practitioners, we developed “TraumaFlow”, a workflow management system for the primary care of polytrauma patients based on the current treatment guidelines. This study sought to validate the system and investigate its effect on user performance and perceived workload.

Methods

The computer-assisted decision support system was tested in two scenarios in a trauma room of a level 1 trauma centre by 11 final-year medical students and 3 residents. In simulated polytrauma scenarios, the participants functioned as a trauma leader. The first scenario was performed without decision support and the second with support by “TraumaFlow” via tablet. During each scenario, the performance was evaluated in a standardized assessment. After each scenario, the participants answered a questionnaire on workload [NASA Raw Task Load Index (NASA RTLX)].

Results

In total, 14 participants (mean 28 ± 4 years, 43% female) managed 28 scenarios. During the first scenario without computer-assisted support, the participants achieved a mean of 6.6 out of 12 points (SD 1.2, range 5 to 9). With the support of TraumaFlow, the mean performance score was significantly higher with 11.6 out of 12 points (SD 0.5, range 11 to 12, p < 0.001). In the 14 scenarios performed without support, there was no run in which no errors were made. In comparison, ten of the 14 scenarios performed with TraumaFlow ran free of relevant errors. The mean improvement in the performance score was 42%. There was a significant decrease in the mean self-reported mental stress level in scenarios with support of TraumaFlow (55, SD 24) as compared to scenarios without support (72, SD 13, p = 0.041).

Conclusion

In a simulated environment, computer-assisted decision-making improved the performance of the trauma leader, helped to adhere to clinical guidelines, and reduced stress in a fast-acting environment. In reality, this may improve the treatment outcome for the patient.
The impact of primary patella resurfacing on health-related quality of life outcomes and return to sport in total knee arthroplasty (TKA)
Authors: Schatz Caroline , Plötz Werner , Beckmann Johannes , Leidl Reiner , Buschner Peter
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Primary patella resurfacing (PPR) in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a topic without clear clinical evidence. Using Patient Reported Outcome Measurements (PROM), previous work found TKA patients without PPR to have more pain postoperatively, but little is known whether this may impede patients from returning to their usual leisure sport. This observational study aimed at evaluating the treatment effect of PPR, with PROMs and return to sport (RTS).

Materials and methods

156 primary TKA patients were retrospectively included from August 2019 to November 2020, from a single hospital in Germany. PROMs were measured with the Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the EuroQoL Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS), preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. Leisure sport with three levels of intensity (never, sometimes, regular) were requested. The treatment effect of PPR was evaluated with a difference-in-difference (DiD) approach, with several confounders.

Results

Descriptively, the mean WOMAC total score and the mean WOMAC pain score were postoperatively better with PPR, ( – 4.8 points,  – 1.1 points), then without PPR. The mean improvements of the WOMAC total score were better with PPR ( – 7.8 points). Mean improvements for the WOMAC pain score were also better with PPR ( – 1.2 points). Mean EQ-VAS were postoperatively similar, and the mean improvements were better with PPR (3.4 points). Rate of RTS was 93% for patients with PPR and 95% for patients without PPR. The DiD revealed minor differences in PROMs and RTS, not to result in statistically significant treatment effects.

Conclusions

There was no treatment effect for TKA with PPR, regarding PROMs and RTS, and descriptive differences were below published thresholds for clinical relevance. Rate of RTS was high for all patients, regardless of PPR. For the two endpoint categories, there was no measurable advantage of TKA with PPR over TKA without PPR.
Grundlagenuntersuchungen für die Revitalisierung und Erneuerung von Kieslaichplätzen in alpinen Fließgewässern
Authors: Holzapfel Patrick , Schähle Zacharias , Schletterer Martin , Hauer Christoph
Published: June 2023

Die erfolgreiche Etablierung vitaler, sich selbst erhaltender Fischpopulationen in Fließgewässern hängt wesentlich von geeigneten Lebensraumbedingungen für alle Altersstadien der vorkommenden Arten ab. Die Europäische Äsche (Thymallus thymallus) ist eine Salmoniden-Fischart, die in vielen europäischen Ländern aufgrund ihres massiven Rückgangs hinsichtlich Abundanz und Biomasse als gefährdet gilt. Ursächlich ist dies vor allem auf menschliche Eingriffe in den Lebensraum durch Gewässerregulierungen zurückzuführen. Zudem ist das Vorhandensein von kiesigem Sohlsubstrat besonders wichtig für die erfolgreiche Reproduktion von Salmoniden, da diese ihre Eier aktiv in den Schotterkörper einbringen und dort eine ausreichende Versorgung mit Sauerstoff benötigen. Laichhabitate sind daher für Äschen und andere Salmoniden als entscheidende und kritische Lebensräume zu betrachten und können bei entsprechendem Mangel populationslimitierend wirken. Das Ziel des vorliegenden Artikels besteht darin, erstmals eine vergleichende ökohydraulische Analyse von Laichplätzen der Äsche in alpinen Flusssystemen durchzuführen. Dabei wurde die Situation der Laichplätze hinsichtlich hydraulischer und sedimentologischer Kriterien bewertet und es wurden Analysen der potenziellen Laichplätze für verschiedene Untersuchungsstrecken mit stark unterschiedlichen Einzugsgebieten, Fließgewässerordnungen und Typologien durchgeführt. Die daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sollen als Grundlage für zukünftige Revitalisierungsprojekte dienen, die Fließgewässer unterschiedlicher Typologien und Größenordnungen im Zuge von erforderlichen Sanierungen betreffen können.
Solubility equilibria in the ternary systems Rb2SO4 – CaSO4 – H2O and Cs2SO4 – CaSO4 – H2O at ambient temperature, and the crystal structure of rubidium syngenite
Authors: Freyer Daniela , Losch Grit , Pannach Melanie , Sohr Julia
Published: June 2023

For the ternary systems, Rb2SO4 – CaSO4 – H2O and Cs2SO4 – CaSO4 – H2O, solubility data have been determined at ambient temperatures (22 and 25 °C). In both systems, gypsum is found as the stable CaSO4-phase in the presence of low alkali metal sulfate concentrations. In addition, two double salts exist in the Rb-system: Rb-disalt (Rb2SO4·2CaSO4) and Rb-syngenite (Rb2SO4·CaSO4·H2O) in addition to gypsum and Rb2SO4. For Rb-syngenite, the crystal structure was determined by single crystal structure analysis (space group P21/m(11), a = 6.323 Å, b = 7.223 Å, c = 10.044 Å, β = 102.96°, Z = 2, V = 447.03 Å3), which is isomorphous to potassium syngenite (K2SO4·CaSO4·H2O). In the Cs-system, besides gypsum and Cs2SO4, only the double salt Cs2SO4·2CaSO4 exists.

Graphical abstract
From stone to silicon: technical advances in epigraphy
Authors: Seales W. Brent , Chapman Christy Y.
Published: June 2023

Through the annals of time, writing has slowly scrawled its way from the painted surfaces of stone walls to the grooves of inscriptions to the strokes of quill, pen, and ink. While we still inscribe stone (tombstones, monuments) and we continue to write on skin (tattoos abound), our quotidian method of writing on paper is increasingly abandoned in favor of the quick-to-generate digital text. And even though the stone-inscribed text of epigraphy offers demonstrably better permanence than that of writing on skin and paper—even better than that of the memory system of the modern computer (Bollacker in Am Sci 98:106, 2010)—this field of study has also made the digital leap. Today’s scholarly analyses of epigraphic content increasingly rely on high-tech approaches involving data science and computer models. This essay discusses how advances in a number of exciting technologies are enabling the digital analysis of epigraphic texts and accelerating the ability of scholars to preserve, renew, and reinvigorate the study of the inscriptions that remain from throughout history.
Multicommodity network flow model of a human resource allocation problem considering time periods
Authors: Ercsey Zsolt , Kovács Zoltán
Published: June 2023

This article addresses the problem of finding work assignments for employees within a given time horizon in a company using a multicommodity network flow model. The problem of human resource allocation is defined by the actual manpower demands of different periods which may vary during different periods. The investigation focuses on when workers should be called in-house and for how long to satisfy demands, while also complying with labour standards and regulations. Additional targets may also be set up, such as minimising the overall number of labour, as well as meeting “comfort” expectations, i.e. the most even working time should be realised for every worker within the event horizon. The paper describes how the multicommodity network flow model is constructed and the corresponding MILP mathematical programming model is formulated in a simple situation where there is only one position for the labour. Finally, the article explains how to construct the multicommodity network flow model and the MILP model for the general case, where there are multiple positions for the labour requiring various skills and competences per position within the periods.
Levelling Up for health in towns? Development of a new deprivation index: the ‘Stronger Towns Index’ and its association with self-rated health and migration in England, between 2001 and 2011
Authors: Duke-Williams Oliver , Stockton Jemima , Shelton Nicola
Published: June 2023

Aim

To develop the ‘Stronger Towns Index': a deprivation index that took into account characteristics of areas encompassing towns that may be eligible for redevelopment funding and explore how this index was associated with self-rated health and migration within England between 2001 and 2011.

Subject and methods

All members of the ONS Longitudinal Study in England aged 16 and over in 2001 whose records included a self-rated health response and a valid local authority code.

Local authorities in England were ranked using a composite index developed using the five metrics set out in the Stronger Towns Funding: productivity, income, skills, deprivation measures, and the proportion of people living in towns.

The index was split into deciles, and logistic regression carried out on the association between decile and self-rated health in 2001 in the main sample (n = 407,878) and decile change and self-rated health in 2011 in a subsample also present in 2011, with migration information (n = 299,008).

Results

There were areas in the lowest deciles of Town Strength who did not receive funding. After multiple adjustment, LS members living in areas with higher deciles were significantly more likely (7% to 38%) to report good health than those in the lowest decile in 2001. Remaining in the same decile between 2001 and 2011 was associated with 7% lower odds of good self-rated health in 2011.

Conclusion

It is important to consider health in towns when allocating funding. Areas in the Midlands may have missed out on funding which might help mitigate poor health.
High relative humidity and temperature limit disease development and mortality in golden frogs of Panama, Atelopus zeteki, infected with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Authors: Gass Jordan , Miller Abigail J. , Sheets Ciara , Long Morgan , Voyles Jamie
Published: June 2023

To combat the loss of species due to emerging infectious diseases, scientists must incorporate ecological parameters, such as temperature and humidity, to understand how the environment affects host–pathogen interactions. The fungal disease chytridiomycosis is a compelling case study to investigate the role of both temperature and humidity on infectious disease, as both the fungal pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd) and the host (amphibians) are heavily influenced by these abiotic factors. We performed two experiments to investigate the importance of relative humidity and temperature on frog immunity (production of antimicrobial skin secretions) and disease development in captive golden frogs (Atelopus zeteki) of Panama. We found that the quantity of skin secretions significantly decreased over time in frogs moved from low to medium and high relative humidity treatments. Following Bd exposure, frogs in high temperature (26–27 °C) and high relative humidity (80–90%) had lower pathogen loads and survived significantly longer than frogs kept in all other treatment conditions, including high temperature and low relative humidity. These results suggest that high relative humidity may be an important, although less understood, mediator of Bd infection and the survival of golden frogs. Because the environment can drastically alter disease dynamics, understanding how temperature and humidity influence chytridiomycosis outcomes in golden frogs may be essential for the success of the reintroduction of captive frogs.
Unanimity or standing aside? Reinterpreting consensus in United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change negotiations
Authors: Rietig Katharina , Peringer Christine , Theys Sarina , Censoro Jecel
Published: June 2023

What is the meaning of ‘consensus’ within and beyond the UNFCCC? What alternative interpretations of consensus are available based on consensus facilitation practice and related literature? This article assesses the mismatch between how the UNFCCC interprets consensus and its broader interpretation in the facilitation practice literature, and proposes a way forward using the concept of ‘standing aside’ more prominently. The restrictive consensus interpretation has far-reaching implications for the ability of the world’s central climate regime to be fit for purpose, i.e., facilitating multilateral climate action. The analysis of consensus in the UNFCCC points to the central problems of unpredictability and ambiguity in the determination that consensus exists. Many negotiators and chairs acknowledge the problem of predominantly interpreting consensus as unanimity and have subsequently sought ways to address the damage it does through ad hoc rulings that consensus exists sometimes by ignoring the expressions of objection; however, this comes at the expense of a good predictable process.
“The peripheral perfusion index discriminates haemodynamic responses to induction of general anaesthesia”
Authors: Højlund Jakob , Petersen David René , Agerskov Marianne , Foss Nicolai Bang
Published: June 2023

Induction of general anaesthesia is often accompanied by hypotension. Standard haemodynamic monitoring during anaesthesia relies on intermittent blood pressure and heart rate. Continuous monitoring systemic blood pressure requires invasive or advanced modalities creating a barrier for obtaining important information of the circulation. The Peripheral Perfusion Index (PPI) is obtained non-invasively and continuously by standard photoplethysmography. We hypothesized that different patterns of changes in systemic haemodynamics during induction of general anaesthesia would be reflected in the PPI. Continuous values of PPI, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were evaluated in 107 patients by either minimally invasive or non-invasive means in a mixed population of surgical patients. 2 min after induction of general anaesthesia relative changes of SV, CO, and MAP was compared to the relative changes of PPI. After induction total cohort mean(± st.dev.) MAP, SV, and CO decreased to 65(± 16)%, 74(± 18)%, and 63(± 16)% of baseline values. In the 38 patients where PPI decreased MAP was 57(± 14)%, SV was 63(± 18)%, and CO was 55(± 18)% of baseline values 2 min after induction. In the 69 patients where PPI increased the corresponding values were MAP 70(± 15)%, SV 80(± 16)%, and CO 68(± 17)% (all differences: p < 0,001). During induction of general anaesthesia changes in PPI discriminated between the degrees of reduction in blood pressure and algorithm derived cardiac stroke volume and -output. As such, the PPI has potential to be a simple and non-invasive indicator of the degree of post-induction haemodynamic changes.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours Concerning the Mediterranean Diet Among Older Adults in Australia
Authors: Turner Ashlee , LaMonica Haley M , Moroney Carissa , O’Leary Fiona , Naismith Sharon L , Flood Victoria M
Published: June 2023

Despite the growing body of evidence demonstrating the positive health effects of the Mediterranean diet, it is not routinely recommended in practice and adherence is low in the general population in Australia. The knowledge-attitude-behaviour model explains how health behaviours are supported through a process of acquiring knowledge, developing attitudes, and forming behaviours. Evidence has suggested that having a high level of nutrition-related knowledge is associated with more positive attitudes, which is directly linked to positive dietary behaviours. However, reports of knowledge and attitudes towards the Mediterranean diet, and how these directly relate to behaviours in older adults, are lacking. This study explored Mediterranean diet-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours among community-dwelling older adults in Australia. Participants were adults aged 55 years and older who completed an online survey that contained three parts: (a) knowledge – Mediterranean Diet Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (Med-NKQ); (b) nutrition-related attitudes and behaviours, and barriers and enablers to dietary change; (c) demographics. The sample included 61 adults who ranged in age from 55 to 89 years. The overall knowledge score was 30.5 out of a possible 40 points, with 60.7% classified as having a high level of knowledge. Knowledge was lowest for nutrient content and label reading. Attitudes and behaviours were generally positive and were not associated with level of knowledge. The most common barriers to dietary change were perceived cost and lack of knowledge, and motivational factors. There are a number of key gaps in knowledge that should be addressed through targeted educational programs. Strategies and tools to overcome perceived barriers and improve self-efficacy are needed to facilitate positive dietary behaviours.
Treatment benefit in patients aged 80 years or older with biopsy-proven and non-resected glioblastoma is dependent on MGMT promoter methylation status
Authors: Weller Jonathan , Katzendobler Sophie , Niedermeyer Sebastian , Harter Patrick N. , Herms Jochen , Trumm Christoph , Niyazi Maximilian , Thon Niklas , Tonn Joerg-Christian , Stoecklein Veit M.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Glioblastoma is associated with especially poor outcome in the elderly. It is unclear if patients aged ≥80 years benefit from tumor-specific therapy as opposed to receiving best supportive care (BSC) only.

Methods

Patients with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (WHO 2021), aged ≥80 years, and diagnosed by biopsy between 2010 and 2022 were included. Patient characteristics and clinical parameters were assessed. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed.

Results

76 patients with a median age of 82 (range 80–89) and a median initial KPS of 80 (range 50–90) were included. Tumor-specific therapy was initiated in 52 patients (68%). 22 patients (29%) received temozolomide monotherapy, 23 patients (30%) were treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone and 7 patients (9%) received combination therapies. In 24 patients (32%), tumor-specific therapy was omitted in lieu of BSC. Overall survival (OS) was longer in patients receiving tumor-specific therapy (5.4 vs. 3.3 months, p < 0.001). Molecular stratification showed that the survival benefit was owed to patients with MGMT promoter methylation (MGMTpos) who received tumor-specific therapy as opposed to BSC (6.2 vs. 2.6 months, p < 0.001), especially to those with better clinical status and no initial polypharmacy. Patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter (MGMTneg) did not benefit from tumor-specific therapy (3.6 vs. 3.7 months, p = 0.18). In multivariate analyses, better clinical status and MGMT promoter methylation were associated with prolonged survival (p < 0.01 and p = 0.01).

Conclusion

Benefit from tumor-specific treatment in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma aged ≥80 years might be restricted to MGMTpos patients, especially to those with good clinical status and no polypharmacy.
Algorithmic differentiation and hull-consistency enforcing using C++ template meta-programming
Authors: Kubica Bartłomiej Jacek
Published: June 2023

Algorithmic differentiation is a tool used in several branches of computational science, both in conjunction with the interval calculus, and apart of it. This paper presents the ADHC library [14] developed by the author, and identified as package “na60” byNumerical Algorithmsjournal. This library makes intensive use of the C++ template meta-programming, and it has several unique features. ADHC seems particularly useful for interval-related applications. The library has been used by some solvers, also developed by the author, including HIBA_USNE. The paper describes the library, presenting its features, focusing on the new ones, added in version 2.0; in particular, we describe bounding subdifferentials of non-smooth functions and computing derivatives over various datatypes. Efficiency comparison with respect to other packages is also presented. Then some examples of ADHC applications are given, involving the use of HIBA_USNE and standard benchmark problems for solving nonlinear systems. A particular emphasis is put on examples related to modern machine learning, but not limited to them. Planned extensions and possible directions for future development of ADHC are also outlined and discussed.
A longitudinal intervention study of the effects of increasing amount of meaningful writing across grades 1 and 2
Authors: Skar Gustaf B. , Graham Steve , Huebner Alan , Kvistad Anne Holten , Johansen Marita Byberg , Aasen Arne Johannes
Published: June 2023

The current study examined the effectiveness of a writing is caught approach with young developing writers in Norway. This method is based on the premise that writing competence is acquired naturally through real use in meaningful contexts. Our longitudinal randomized control trial study tested this proposition by examining if increasing first grade students’ opportunities to write in various genres for different purposes and for a range of audiences over a two-year time period improved the quality of their writing, handwriting fluency, and attitude towards writing. The study included data from 942 students (50.1% girls) in 26 schools randomly assigned to the experimental treatment, and 743 students (50.6% girls) in 25 schools randomly assigned to the business-as-usual (BAU) control condition. Across Grades 1 and 2, experimental teachers were asked to supplement their typical writing instruction by implementing 40 writing activities designed to increase students’ purposeful writing. Increasing experimental students’ writing over the two-year period did not result in statistically detectable differences in the writing quality, handwriting fluency, and attitude towards writing of students in the experimental and BAU control conditions. These findings did not provide support for the effectiveness of the writing is caught approach. Implications for theory, research, and practiced are discussed.
MetaPro: a web-based metabolomics application for LC-MS data batch inspection and library curation
Authors: An Shaowei , Wang Ruimin , Lu Miaoshan , Zhang Chao , Liu Huafen , Wang Jinyin , Xie Cong , Yu Changbin
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Metabolomics analysis based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been a prevalent method in the metabolic field. However, accurately quantifying all the metabolites in large metabolomics sample cohorts is challenging. The analysis efficiency is restricted by the abilities of software in many labs, and the lack of spectra for some metabolites also hinders metabolite identification.

Objectives

Develop software that performs semi-targeted metabolomics analysis with an optimized workflow to improve quantification accuracy. The software also supports web-based technologies and increases laboratory analysis efficiency. A spectral curation function is provided to promote the prosperity of homemade MS/MS spectral libraries in the metabolomics community.

Methods

MetaPro is developed based on an industrial-grade web framework and a computation-oriented MS data format to improve analysis efficiency. Algorithms from mainstream metabolomics software are integrated and optimized for more accurate quantification results. A semi-targeted analysis workflow is designed based on the concept of combining artificial judgment and algorithm inference.

Results

MetaPro supports semi-targeted analysis workflow and functions for fast QC inspection and self-made spectral library curation with easy-to-use interfaces. With curated authentic or high-quality spectra, it can improve identification accuracy using different peak identification strategies. It demonstrates practical value in analyzing large amounts of metabolomics samples.

Conclusion

We offer MetaPro as a web-based application characterized by fast batch QC inspection and credible spectral curation towards high-throughput metabolomics data. It aims to resolve the analysis difficulty in semi-targeted metabolomics.
The impact of chemical pollution on the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from a Mediterranean hypersaline coastal lagoon
Authors: Martínez-Gómez Concepción , Fernández Beatriz , Barcala Elena , García-Aparicio Víctor , Jumilla Esther , Gea-Pacheco Ángel , León Víctor Manuel
Published: June 2023

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a critically endangered species. The impact of environmental contamination on this species has been highlighted as contributing to the decline in recruitment. The Mar Menor hypersaline coastal lagoon (SE Spain) is one of the most productive fisheries of European eel in Europe, making it a critical habitat for species conservation. The present study aimed to provide an initial overview of the impact of organic chemical contaminants on the European eel and the potential sublethal effects of chemical pollution on pre-migrating eels in this hypersaline habitat. We investigated muscle bioaccumulation of main persistent and hazardous organic contaminants (including some current-use pesticides) and genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and xenobiotic detoxification system responses. The findings show that lagoon eels were exposed to high levels of legacy organochlorine contaminants, recently banned pesticides (chlorpyrifos), and some emerging chemicals. Some individuals surpassed the maximum levels of CBs authorized by the European Commission for human consumption. In this species, residuals of chlorpyrifos, pendimethalin, and chlorthal dimethyl have been reported for the first time. This field study provides relevant data to stock management and human health consumption and provides the first biomarker responses in European eel under permanent hypersaline conditions. Furthermore, the high frequency of micronuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of lagoon eels indicates sublethal genotoxic effects on the organism. Overall, the European eels growing and maturing in the Mar Menor lagoon are exposed to toxic and carcinogenic chemicals. The lack of seafood safety regulations for human consumption for some legacy chemicals that were measured in high concentrations in our study requires special action. Further biomonitoring and research are recommended to protect the animal, public, and environmental health.
Empirical studies on the impact of booking status on customers’ choice behavior in online appointment systems
Authors: Kaluza Isabel , Voigt Guido , Paetz Friederike
Published: June 2023

We consider customers' choice behavior in online appointment systems. In three online experiments, we investigate whether and to what extent customers are impacted by the number of available slots by asking subjects to choose between two providers of several service areas with different occupancy rates. In line with previous literature, we find some evidence that customers infer quality from a utilized system compared to an empty schedule; that is, any demand (very few booked appointments) is preferred to no demand (empty booking schedule). A too-small offer set, in contrast, shows congestion and leads to an opposed scarcity effect because customers expect the provider to be in a rush, the waiting room to be crowded, and further value flexibility in the choice of the appointment time. We contribute to the literature by analyzing the interaction of the two nonlinear effects and further find that the presence of the quality-inference effect depends on the type of service. For a standardized service, we find no evidence of the quality-inference effect. For nonstandardized services, however, we find an inverse U-shaped preference in the number of offered slots, showing that customers prefer a medium utilization of the service provider. We find that this is a robust representation of customers' preferences, even if other quality signals, such as star ratings and prices, are available.
Advances in Osteoporosis Therapy: Focus on Osteoanabolic Agents, Secondary Fracture Prevention, and Perioperative Bone Health
Authors: Kostenuik Paul J. , Binkley Neil , Anderson Paul A.
Published: June 2023

Purpose of Review

This review summarizes recently published data and other developments around osteoanabolic osteoporosis therapies in patients with very high fracture risk, including those undergoing bone-related surgery.

Recent Findings

Two osteoanabolic agents, abaloparatide and romosozumab, were recently approved for treatment of patients with osteoporosis at high fracture risk. These agents, along with teriparatide, are valuable for primary and secondary fracture prevention. Orthopedic surgeons are well positioned to facilitate secondary fracture prevention via referrals to fracture liaison services or other bone health specialist colleagues. This review aims to help surgeons understand how to identify patients with sufficiently high fracture risk to warrant consideration of osteoanabolic therapy. Recent evidence around the perioperative use and potential benefits of osteoanabolic agents in fracture healing and other orthopedic settings (e.g., spinal fusion and arthroplasty) in individuals with osteoporosis is also discussed.

Osteoanabolic agents should be considered for patients with osteoporosis at very high fracture risk, including those with prior osteoporotic fractures and those with poor bone health who are undergoing bone-related surgery.