bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eesti mobilisatsioonipõgenike kirjasuhtlusest Soome Jätkusõja ajal
Authors:   Estonian Cultural History Archives, Estonian Literary Museum, Estonia, Ojamaa Triinu
Published: August 2023

The article deals with the letters of young men who escaped from Estonia to Finland during the German occupation in order to avoid the mobilization announced in 1943. Almost immediately after arriving in Finland, some of the refugees illegally emigrated to Sweden, but the majority started looking for temporary accommodation and work in Helsinki and its surroundings. The Continuation War (1941–1944) was going on, and thus a large number of Estonian male refugees were recruited into the Finnish army as volunteers; they started fighting on the Karelian front against the Soviet Union. The letters analysed in the article come from the years 1943–1944 and were sent by the men who remained in Finland to their friends who escaped to Sweden. The letters show that both civilians and soldiers faced problems caused by the political situation resulting from the Second World War and the complicated allied relations between Finland and Germany. The refugees did not have enough knowledge of life in wartime Finland and their language skills were also poor. In the course of escaping from Estonia to Finland, friends had lost sight of each other. After arriving in Finland, they started to restore their contacts in order to share experiences and find some support. The main aim of the article is to demonstrate the role of epistolary communication in finding solutions to the problems of Estonian refugees. The article gives an insight into the main topics of the letters, in which the authors of the letters tell stories about their escape from Estonia to Finland, share information about the destiny of their schoolmates and friends, but also discuss fine arts, and dream about life in peacetime. The letters show that they wish to get away from the war and continue their unfinished university studies in some war-neutral country. In their letters, they came to understanding that in order to implement their future plans, they had to get to Sweden and thus, already in the late autumn of 1943, the topic of fleeing from Finland to Sweden became dominant. At that time, the legal emigration of Estonians to another western country was limited by Finnish legislation, and, as field post letters were censored, writing about this topic was risky. The letters contain interesting examples of what verbal and visual means of expression were used to hide the true content of the messages from the censor. Compared to ordinary private letters, war letters also have another peculiarity: they contain some features of collective communication. For instance, an envelope addressed by one person to another may contain a letter consisting of messages written by several people and these messages can be intended to be distributed to several persons. Thus, wartime correspondence has similarities with the principles of information transmission in modern social media networks.
Diasporaa etnokultuuriline portree Kesk-Venemaal: Kama-tagused udmurdid, moodustumine, kultuur ja suhted naabritega
Authors:   Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, Paris, France, Toulouze Eva ,   Department of Ethnology, University of Tartu, Estonia, Anisimov Nikolai ,   Department of Folkloristics, Estonian Literary Museum, Estonia,   Department of Research in Philology, Udmurt Institute of History, Language and Literature, UdmFRC UB RAS, Izhevsk, Russia, Sadikov Ranus ,   Department of Ethnography, Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research, Ural Department of Russian Academy of Sciences (IER UFRC RAS
Published: August 2023

The Eastern Udmurt are a peripheral Udmurt ethnographic group whose members live mostly in Bashkortostan. This article introduces the reader to the migrations that led to the formation of this group, and to the main cultural characteristics that determine the originality of the Eastern Udmurt. Their settling in the Bashkir lands took place due to the penetration of the Russian power in the Volga region, which happened in the sixteenth century through warfare that damaged the local population. They started to settle in more peaceful regions, and the migration was continued in the subsequent centuries, reaching the peak with the forceful Evangelisation of the eighteenth century. This culture is rich and original: it has retained many Udmurt features as the ethnic religion that is still alive, and has merged with Turkic features in several important aspects, such as language, costume, and music. This continues with the observation of Eastern Udmurt organisations and the relation to their core territory, nowadays the Republic of Udmurtia.
Effects of harvest stages and lactic acid bacteria additives on the nutritional quality of silage derived from triticale, rye, and oat on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Ma Jun , Dai Hanling , Liu Hancheng , Du Wenhua
Published: August 2023

Background

Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.) are the main forage crops on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, but there has been relatively little research on the silage produced from these three species.

Methods

Plants were harvested at the heading, flowering, grouting, milky, and dough stages and then used to produce silage with and without additives (Sila-Max and Sila-Mix). The nutritional quality of the resulting silages was analyzed.

Results

Triticale was revealed to be more suitable than oat or rye for producing silage on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. On the basis of the dry matter yield (DMY), triticale and rye should be harvested at the milky stage to optimize silage quality, whereas oat should be harvested at the dough stage. The lactic acid bacteria additives Sila-Max and Sila-Mix had no significant effect on the nutritional quality of the three silages regardless of when the samples were harvested. Overall, triticale produced higher quality silage than oat or rye. More specifically, triticale variety ‘Gannong No.2’ harvested at the milky stage is ideal for silage production.
The effect of three different pre-match warm-up structures on male professional soccer players’ physical fitness
Authors: Ben Brahim Mehdi , Sal-de-Rellán Alejandro , García-Valverde Adrián , Yasin Hussain , Raya-González Javier
Published: August 2023

Background

Optimizing the soccer players’ match preparation is one of the most relevant concerns of coaches for strength and conditioning training. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of three pre-match warm-up structures on the physical condition of male professional soccer players.

Materials & Methods

Seventeen male professional soccer players (age: 20.9 ± 2.4 years) of one Tunisian Professional Soccer League team participated in this study. Players performed three times a typical pre-match warm-up (WU) [aerobic phase (AE); neuromuscular phase (NM); velocity phase (VL); and ball-specific phase (BS) variating the order of the included phases/exercises: WU1 (AE + BS + NM + VL); WU2 (AE + NM + VL + BS); and WU3 (AE + VL + BS + NM). After each warm-up phase, players completed the following physical fitness tests: linear sprint test, countermovement jump test, 15-m ball dribbling agility test and ball shooting test. Additionally, the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was registered after each warm-up.

Results

The results indicated significant differences between WU1 and WU3, with better results in the ball shooting test and RPE in WU3. In addition, there were no significant differences in the other variables and between other warm-up structures. These findings could be of great interest for coaches to the strength and conditioning coaches for professional soccer teams in order to improve the players physical performance and perceived exertion.
Smoke Particle-Source Prediction Model Based on Multiple Optical Wavelengths Using Deep Learning
Authors: Ahn Yusun , Han Kyuwon , Yang Hoesung , Kim Soocheol , Ryu Jin Hwa , Lee Kangbok
Published: August 2023

Recently, installing smoke detectors has become crucial owing to the risk of fatal human damage that may be caused by inhaling smoke during a fire. Smoke detectors have been reported as highly efficient in detecting smoke particles from fire; however, they may generate false alarms because of their limitation in distinguishing the fire smoke from the smoke generated by daily activities. Despite the frequent occurrence of these false alarms, research on predicting the types of sources through smoke particles remains insufficient. This study involved the development process of an intelligent smoke detector for false alarm reduction that aims to predict the occurrence and type of fire and the evaluation of its performance using the light-scattering characteristics for fire/non-fire sources. First, a previous experimental dataset of fire-related conditions was collected from three fire sources and three non-fire sources to train the model with the light-scattering characteristics of the smoke generated from each source. In addition, to reduce the computing power, data preprocessing was performed on the collected dataset using the median and RobustScaler. Finally, we evaluated the prediction performance of the three deep learning models using three networks: RNN, LSTM, and CNN-LSTM. As a result, we confirmed that the scattering intensity of smoke particles has unique characteristics for each source. When the data preprocessing and prediction models were applied, all three models achieved an accuracy of 0.90 or higher. However, some errors occurred that appeared at similar scattering intensities. The proposed method differs from existing methods in that it presents the possibility of predicting fire and non-fire sources and can be used as an alternative for improving false alarms in the future.
Experimental Study on the Characteristics of Sprinkler Discharge Obstructions in Upper Logistic Rails
Authors: Kim Hyounsu , Kwark Jihyun , Lee Seungchul
Published: August 2023

In the early stage of a fire, sprinklers system of water-based fire-extinguishing systems, which are harmless to the human body, are the most widely used for fire control and suppression in manufacturing factories. The logistic carrier transport in modern manufacturing companies has been almost fully automated and sprinklers are installed around them all over the world. In the presence of an obstruction, a base plate around the upper logistic rail secures the separation distance from the obstacle of more than three times the width of the obstacle, as required by fire regulations (National Fire Technical Code 103 and National Fire Protection Association 13). However, if this cannot be achieved, the fire sprinkler should be more than 600 mm from the base plate, and the opening ratio of the base plate should be less than 70% in an upper logistic rail. This requires sprinklers to be positioned away from obstructions at a minimum of three times the maximum dimension of the obstruction. This study analyzed the sprinkler discharge obstruction from the base plate around the upper logistic rail using the UL standard for sprinkler water spray for the logistic rail area of manufacturing factories. The results can contribute to mitigating fire risks and safety problems.
BRRI dhan104: BRRI’s Basmati Type Aromatic Rice Variety for Irrigated Ecosystem in Bangladesh
Authors: Kader Md. Abdul , Majumder Ratna Rani , Hore Tapas Kumer , Shaha Urmi Rani , Fatema Kaniz , Shalahuddin A. K. M.
Published: August 2023

An enhancement over already available premium quality enriched aromatic rice varieties for Bangladesh is the recently announced BRRI dhan104 type of rice, which has long slender grain and is high yielding and ideal for Bangladesh's irrigated ecology. The variety has satisfactorily passed the Proposed Variety Trial (PVT) conducted in the farmers’ field in Boro 2021-22 season. As a result National Seed Board (NSB) approved this variety for commercial cultivation in the Boro season (dry season) in 2022. It has modern plant type with 92 cm plant height and matures by 147 days. The proposed variety showed 0.68 t/ha higher yield than check variety BRRI dhan50. Identifying characters of this variety are green leaf, intermediate plant height, erect flag leaf, long slender grain, and intermediate leaf senescence. In average, it can produce 7.30 t/ha grain yield but it has potentiality to give 8.71 t/ha grain yield under favorable climatic condition and appropriate agronomic management. Thousand grain weight of the variety is 21.5 gm and head rice yield is 57.2%. It is strong aromatic basmati type rice variety (according to GCMS system the value of volatile aromatic compound is 2.12 ppm), 29.2% amylose content with 8.9% protein content. Farmers can benefit financially from growing the premium quality enriched aromatic rice variety BRRI dhan104 and the total rice production will be increased along with possible to earn foreign currency by export this variety. Among the released variety by BRRI, the BRRI dhan104 is the only variety of aromatic basmati type.
The Accordionist Profile in the Work Asas by Christopher Bochmann
Authors: Pescada Gonçalo André Dias
Published: August 2023

The Accordion, portable aerophone invented and patented in 1829 by Cyrill Damian in Austria, emerges in the 21st century as one of the most versatile instruments in the history of music [1].

Several factors contribute to this connection: portability, multi-timbral sound, ability to play melody and accompaniment, possibility of performing counterpoint, independence of hands, among other characteristics. In this context, the second half of the 20th century was crucial for an unprecedented development both in organological, interpretative and compositional terms. The Accordion versatility extends today from popular and traditional music to contemporary music, passing through Jazz. In the field of transcribing works, the accordion's features allow you to approach works from the Baroque, Classical, Romantic periods, among others, either solo or in chamber music. Asas, a work for Accordion, Soprano Voice, Saxophone, Viola and Cello composed by Christopher Bochmann is a good example of the integration of the Accordion in the panorama of contemporary music and in the performative relationship with other instruments.
Supplementation Effect of Dietary Carvacrol and Thymol Polyphenols from Oregano Origanum vulgare on Growth Performance and Health Condition of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Novriadi Romi , Herman  , Malahayati Shadiqa , Kuan Steven
Published: August 2023

Two growth trials were conducted for 60-days using aquaria tanks (growth trial 1) and 50-days using commercial culture tank (growth trial 2) to assess the potential effect on using phytogenic feed additives (Regavit AquaTM, Ecopharm Hellas, Greece) containing thymol and carvacrol extracted from Oregano plant Origanum Vulgare (OP) by incorporating the OP powder into the diet formulation for trial 1 and top-dressing process of OP liquid for trial 2. The antimicrobial properties of carvacrol and thymol polyphenols were also determined by using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis against Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. From the aquaria tank (trial 1), the growth performance, including final average body weight (ABW), percentage weight gain (PWG) and thermal growth coefficient (TGC) of group of shrimp fed with OP were compared to the control treatment. Using top-dressing process (trial 2), the top coating process to the commercial diet enhance the growth performances of shrimp treated with OP compared to the control treatment. From, trial 1, there was clear evidence for elevated hemocyte activity and increased lysozyme in shrimp fed diets supplemented with OP compared to the control treatments.  MIC analysis performed in the present study also revealed the ability of OP to inhibit the growth of bacteria at the concentration of 2 × 101 µg mL-1. The results indicate that the inclusion of OP up to 0.6% both in direct inclusion within the diet or using top-dressing process significantly increases the growth and non-specific immune in white shrimps L. vannamei.
Fungi Associated with the Crop of a Local Fowl: A Public Health Problem
Authors: Titilayo Yusuf Rukayat , Sesan Lawal Wasiu , Oyetayo Oyagbola Elizabeth , Tawakalitu Ahmed , Idayat Dagba , Omolabake Atanda Afusa , Omolara Hassan Qudrat , Alaya A. K. , Olorundare T. M.
Published: August 2023

This study was aimed at Isolating fungi associated with crop of a local fowl. But series of Research have been conducted on fungal contaminants associated with Broiler Liter , But we Have less reported on fungal contaminants of poultry . The goals of this study were to (1) Describe the nature and Features of litter fungal contaminants and (2) report the frequency of fungi species present.10 new and 20 old samples were collected from 10 farms.In addition, Air samples were also collected, and after various procedures, 14 different fungal genera were detected in new litter. With respect to old litter, 18 species of fungi were detected, with Fusarium the most frequently isolated (41.2%), followed by A. section Flavi. (27.3%), Oudeemansiela sp (9.9%), and Yeast (16.9%).A significant positive correlation was found between litter fungal Biomass and total fungal contamination. Different Morphology and quantification of species have important implications in the evaluation of potential adverse health risks to exposed Farm workers and animals. Indescriminate spreading of poultry litter in fields is a potential environmental  health concern, since (Rhizopus spp and mucor spp)  were isolated.
Influence of Parent Material and Land Use Types on Soil Properties of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Murugasamy Varshaa , Kaliaperumal Ragunath , Pazhanivelan S. , Maragatham S. , Prabhu P. C.
Published: August 2023

A study was conducted to examinethe impact of parent materials and land use on soil physical and chemical properties in soils of Tamil Nadu. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of parent materials and land use systems on soil properties. 15 parent materials(Lime, Marl shell, Sandstone with clay interaction, Granite (Gr2), Fuchsite quartzite, Fissile hornblende biotite gneiss, Limestone and Calcareous Shale, Sand/Clay admixture, Teri sand, Sand (Medium), Sand (Grey Brown Medium), Amphibolite, Gabbro, Hornblende biotite gneiss, Chamockite and Sandy Clay) and their respective major land use were selected for the study. In each land use type per parent material, six composite soil samples were collected from the representative location within the land use types at 0 - 30 cm soil depth and all soil samples were generated for laboratory analysis. Results showed that among the parent materials, Sandy clay had the highest silt + clay fractions, Sandy/Clay admixture had the higher organic carbon content and Fissile hornblende biotite gneiss have higher exchangeable Calcium whereas Granite (Gr2) had the higher exchangeable Magnesium. The Cation exchange capacity (CEC) was significantly highest in Limestone and Calcareous shale whereas the base saturation was significantly higher in Granite (Gr2) in the study area. This shows that land use and parent material highly influence the soil properties. The application of more organic and less inorganic fertilizers will alter the Soil properties of the study area.
Impact of Abiotic Factors on Population Dynamics of Leaf Miner, Aproaerema modicella D. and Its Natural Enemies in Groundnut
Authors: Sangeetha S. V. , Ganesan K. , Soundararajan R. P. , Johnson I. , Ramah K. , Dheebakaran Ga.
Published: August 2023

Groundnut leaf miner (Aproaerema modicella. D.) is an important leaf feeding insect in groundnut that significantly reduces the pod yield up to 50 per cent. The growth and development of this insect pest is closely associated with the abiotic weather parameters prevailing in a particular location. Due to paucity of information available on the population dynamics of groundnut leaf miner with abiotic weather factors, a study was undertaken in Erode district of Tamil Nadu during Summer, 2023. Groundnut leaf miner damages were recorded through the fixed plots survey and the adult moth activities were monitored through pheromone traps at weekly intervals. From this study it was found that, the leaf miner incidences were observed from 30 days after sowing. The highest mean leaf miner mean damage (17.84%), pheromone adult catches (58.38 nos./5 traps), coccinellid beetle population (4.70 nos./10 plants) and spider population (5.17 nos./10 plants) were observed during 9th SMW. Whereas, the rove beetle population was maximum (4.62 nos./10 plants) during 10th SMW. The correlation study revealed that the maximum temperature had positive correlation and rainfall had negative correlation with the populations of groundnut leaf miner and its natural enemies. The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the weather parameters together had 66.00 to 95.00 per cent influence on the groundnut leaf miner and its natural enemy population. The present study clearly indicated that, the population of groundnut leaf miner and its damage levels were closely related to the abiotic weather parameters prevailed in the study area during entire crop duration. Better understanding of the weather factors resulted in better leaf miner management and more net profit for the groundnut growers.
Adopter Categorization and Level of Adoption among Protected Cut Flower Growers
Authors: Sheeba S. Mercy , Anand G. , Karthikeyan C. , Devi M. Nirmala , Selvi R. Gangai
Published: August 2023

In India, Tamil Nadu occupies the first position in terms of area under flower cultivation then followed by Karnataka and West Bengal. Out of the 33 districts in Tamil Nadu, Krishnagiri district ranks first in cut flower production due to its suitability to climatic conditions. The cut flowers are by and large cultivated under protected conditions (poly greenhouse structure) to meet the quality standards as expected in the global trade arena. The present study was conducted to identify the adopter categories and their level of adoption with respect to protected cut flower cultivation technologies. An ex-post facto research design was used for the study. The first two intensive blocks (Thally & Hosur) cultivating cut flowers under protected methods were purposefully selected for the present study. From both blocks, six villages were selected, and the data were collected from 120 respondents among these twelve selected villages using a well-structured interview schedule. The collected data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, cumulative frequency, and principal component analysis (PCA). The results of the adopter categorization showed that 40.83 percent of respondents belonged to the early majority and only 5.00 percent were innovators. The results regarding the overall adoption of protected cultivation by each adopter category reported that 54.17 percent of respondents had medium-level adoption, in that 44.61 percent and 30.77 percent were early majority and late majority, respectively. The majority of respondents have a medium-level adoption of protected cultivation, leaving potential for growth among early majority and late majority adopters. Targeted strategies and incentives should address their specific needs, and encouraging more innovators to adopt can drive widespread adoption.
Effect of Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil under Various Depths on Different Cropping Systems in Ayodhya, India
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Kumar Suresh , Gaur Amar Singh , Kumar Abhishek , Singh Anchal , Prajpati Deepak , Surjeet
Published: August 2023

A research work conducted during 2018-19 at Agronomy farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) to evaluate the fertility status and effect of different cropping systems on soil physico-chemical characteristics and their correlation. The 300 representative soil samples with 4 depths viz. 0-15, 15-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm soil samples were taken with manually driven post hole auger and processed for soil analysis from different plots of Agronomy farm. Results revealed that physico-chemical properties viz. particle Density, bulk density pH, EC, organic corban, nitrogen phosphorus potassium Sulphur and zinc varied vertically and horizontally in cultivated and fallow lands. The soils were sandy loam, clay loam, loam and silt loam.  The frequency distribution of soil bulk density of entire farm ranged from 1.128-1.58 Mgm-3, particle density ranged 2.50-2.76 Mgm-3 and soil chemical properties, like, pH      ranged from 7.2-11.5, the E.C. is found in ranged from .13-1.01 dSm-1. While organic carbon was ranged from 1.4-6.70 g kg-1. and notable available Nitrogen in Agronomy farm was low in ranged from 170.15-221.36 kgha-1.The Phosphorus availability was found in ranged from 6.01-16.87 kgha-1 , while Potassium was found in ranged from 163.20-220.98 kgha-1. How ever the availability of Sulphur, was found in ranged from 8.62-18.32 kgha-1, Zinc ranged from in Agronomy farm 0.28-0.81mgkg-1. The significant positive correlation were observed among soil B.D with N, B.D with P, B.D with K, B.D with S, P.D. with S, P.D. with Zn. While the significant negative correlations were observed among PD with O.C., Zn with P, Zn with K and Zn with S in whole Agronomy Farm.
The Beneficial Effect of Thermochemical Organic Fertilizer and Root Endophytic Fungi on the Growth of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Krishnapriya M. K. , Leno N. , Johnson J. M. , Rani B. , Joseph B. , Ameena M.
Published: August 2023

Aim: To study the effect of thermochemical organic fertilizer (TOF) inoculated with beneficial root endophytes on the growth attributes of tomatoes grown in a nursery. Combined impact of TOF and endophytic fungi like Piriformospora indica and Glomus species on tomato growth parameters such as plant height, shoot length, fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight, root volume and root area were assessed.

Study Design: The experiment was conducted through a completely randomized design with six treatments and 3 replications

Place and Duration of Study: The protray experiment was conducted at the Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani , Kerala Agricultural University between August 2021- September 2021

Methods: Sterilized tomato seeds were sown in portrays filled with different media. Potting mixture containing soil and coir pith compost was taken as a control treatment. Other treatments were TOF with additions of endophytic fungi like Piriformospora indica (P.indica), Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus mussaea and mixed glomus in TOF. Biometric observations like plant height, shoot length, fresh weight of shoot, dry weight of shoot, fresh weight of root, root dry weight of shoot, root surface area and root volume were observed twenty eight days after sowing.

Results: Inoculation with P. indica as well as Glomus sp in the medium of TOF improved plant growth compared to the uninoculated soil medium. Among all plant growth parameters analyzed, the maximum values were obtained in plants grown in a medium of TOF+ P. indica. With respect to root fresh weight, there was no significant difference between treatments of TOF + P. indica and TOF+ other Glomus species including G. fasciculatum and G. mossaea. TOF treated with P .indica and G. fasciculatum outperformed as best in the case of root dry weight compared to all other treatments.  

Conclusion: Beneficial root endophytes like Piriformospora indica and Glomus sp grown in thermochemical organic fertilizer were found to have greater potential in promoting the growth of tomato plants in the nursery.
Evaluation of Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function in Car Spray Painters in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Orji O. J. , Ijioma C. E. , Ekeleme N. C. , Uduma V. U. , Abali I. O. , Okeji I. E. , Olusakin T. C. , Odufuwa O. O. , Onyeoguzoro A. C. , Ayinde O. E. Aminu , Maduku E. J. , Airaodion A. I.
Published: August 2023

Aim: This study investigated the correlation between respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function among car spray painters.

Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional analytical study. The study population comprised car spray painters from various automobile workshops in Ibadan and control subjects. The control group was comprised of individuals not exposed to spray paint or other respiratory hazards in their workplaces. The sample size was determined using Fisher’s formula giving a total sample size of 500 participants, 250 car spray painters, and 250 control subjects. The car spray painters were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire designed in English and translated to Yoruba (the local language) when necessary. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) were determined using standard methods.  Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results: The study highlighted a significant difference in educational levels between both groups. Additionally, most car spray painters (91.2%) reported the use of personal protective equipment, with safety goggles being the most common type used. A high percentage of the painters worked in open spaces (61.2%) and had access to ventilation facilities (94.8%). The health and lifestyle assessment revealed a significant disparity in smoking and alcohol consumption habits, with higher prevalence among car spray painters. Results showed that FVC, FEV1, FEV1:FVC ratio, PEFR, and DLCO, with the car spray painters presenting lower values except for the FEV1:FVC ratio and DLCO, which were higher. The car spray painters also showed a higher prevalence of obstructive (35.2%) and restrictive (23.2%) ventilatory patterns compared to the control group.

Conclusion: The findings indicate a strong association between car spray painting and respiratory symptoms, a decrease in certain ventilatory functions, and a higher prevalence of obstructive and restrictive patterns. This underscores the importance of occupational health and safety interventions, including education and improved use of personal protective equipment, to mitigate the adverse effects of this profession on respiratory health.
Determination of Phytochemical Composition and the Effects of Ethanol Extract of Phyllanthus urinaria on the Liver and Kidney Function Parameters in Paracetamol-Administered Albino Rat Models
Authors: Enemali Michael O. , John Iko L. , Abdullahi Muhammed H. , Sunday Haruna G. , Danjuma Iko A. , Chibueze Ejiogu I.
Published: August 2023

The current study was aimed at determining the phytochemical composition and the effects of Phyllantus urinaria Ethanol extract on the liver and kidneys by using albino rats as the animal models. All the analyses were carried out following standard laboratory methods and procedures. A total of fifteen rats were randomly distributed into three groups of five rats in each group where group one served as the control while the test groups comprise of 1000mg/kg body weight (b.w) and 500mg/kg b.w administered daily for fourteen days and followed by administration of a high dose of paracetamol (200mg/kg b.w) to challenge the system toxicologically. This was deliberately done to note whether the extract having administered for many days will protect the liver and kidneys against the paracetamol by determining the serum biomarkers. The results showed the presence of saponins (8.84 g/100g), tannins (1.32 g/100g), phenols (0.11 g/100g), flavonoids (0.512 g/100g) and alkaloids (0.038 g/100g) while cardiac glycosides, Resins, terpenoids and steroids were not detected. The activity of ALP was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in both the 1000mg/kg b.w and 500mg/kg b.w. There was no significant (p>0.05) decrease in ALT activity of 1000mg/kg b.w and at 500mg/kg b.w. the activity of ALT significant (p>0.05) increased when compared with the control. There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in AST activity of 1000mg/kg b.w and 500mg/kg b.w when compared with the control. Bilirubin concentration significantly (p< 0.05) decreased at 1000mg/kg b.w and non-significantly (p>0.05) increased at 500mg/kg b.w. ALB significantly (p > 0.05) increased at 1000mg/kg b.w and 500mg/kg b.w. A non-significant decrease in Serum HCO3- in both 1000mg/kg/b.w and 500mg/kg b.w. Urea non-significantly decreased at both 1000mg/kg b.w and 500mg/kg b.w. Creatinine significantly increased at both 1000mg/kg b.w and 500mg/kg b.w concentration when compared to the control. Na+ showed a non-significant increase at 1000mg/kg b.w and 500mg/kg b.w when compared to the control. The extract may not have protected the liver and kidneys against paracetamol despite the presence of some phytochemicals, a histological examination of the liver and kidneys is therefore recommended so as to have a clearer picture of the effects observed.
Cannabidiol Oil and Prednisolone Treatment Altered Hematologic Indices, Serum Urea, Creatinine and Cellular Architecture of Kidney on Cadmium Induced Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Mobisson Samuel Kelechi , Onyebuagu Peter Chukwuma , Wopara Iheanyichukwu , Woha James Boobondah , Boma Harris Opusunju , Abaka Sunday Otoabasi , Monye Justin Bonaparte , Ibe Fidelis Udochukwu , Obembe Agona Odeh
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the impact of CBD oil and prednisolone on hematologic indices, urea, and creatinine among cadmium-induced toxicity in male rats. Forty male rats weighing 150g to 200g were assigned into 8 groups (1-8) with five rats each. Group 1 served as control, Group 2-8 received 1mg/kg body weight of prednisolone; 1.5mg/kg bw of cadmium; 1mg/kg bw of prednisolone + 0.2mg/kg bw of CBD-oil; 0.2mg/kg bw of CBD-oil + 2mg/kg bw of cadmium; 3mg/kg bw of Pred + 2mg/kg of cadmium; 0.1mg/kg bw of CBD-oil and 0.2mg/kg bw of CBD-oil respectively. The administration was done using gavage for 14 days. The present results revealed that PCV, haemoglobin, and RBC count of the treated groups were decreased significantly (p<0.05) comparedto the control. TWBC count significantly increased in treated groups than in control. Platelet count significantly increased in groups treated with pred+ cd, CBD-oil (0.1ml), and CBD-oil (0.2ml) than control. Neutrophil count was significantly reduced in groups treated with CBD oil (0.1ml) than in control and other groups. Lymphocyte count significantly increased in groups treated with cadmium+ CBD oil and CBD oil (0.1ml) than in other groups. Eosinophil count significantly decreased in groups treated with prednisolone and pred +CBD oil than control. Monocyte count significantly increased in groups treated with cadmium, pred +cadmium, and CBD oil (0.1ml) than in control. There was a significant decrease in groups treated with pred +CBD-oil, cadmium + CBD-oil, and CBD-oil (0.2ml) than control. Serum urea significantly decreased in the group treated with pred + CBD oil than control. Serum creatinine significantly increased in groups treated with cadmium + CBD oil and CBD oil (0.2ml) compared to the control and prednisolone groups. Histology of the kidney revealed mesangial expansion, hypertrophy of renal corpuscle, hemorrhage, and lymphocyte infiltration in groups treated with pred+ CBD oil and CBD oil (0.1ml) compared to the control. We conclude that CBD oil, prednisolone, and cadmium administration at different doses induced biochemical alterations, altered hematologic indices, and cytoarchitecture of the kidney. Therefore, if these results apply to humans, combined use of CBD oil and prednisolone should be supplemented with blood tonics, especially in chronic kidney disease.
Perancangan Buku Ajar Tipografi
Authors: Iswanto Rendy
Published: August 2023

Mata kuliah Tipografi adalah mata kuliah wajib yang biasanya ada di semester 1, di mana di mata kuliah ini mahasiswa akan mempelajari teori dasar dari Tipografi, Monogram, Inisial, Typo Images, Black Letters, Layout dan Typeface Design. Melalui mata kuliah ini mahasiswa mampu membuat karya desain dengan mengaplikasikan prinsip dasar tipografi sebagai elemen dasar, melalui teknik manual secara mandiri dan tersupervisi. Penguasaan atau kemampuan dalam Tipografi akan akan memberikan kontribusi pada kualitas estetika desain visual yang dihargai oleh target audience. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan proses pengembangan materi Tipografi dalam bahan ajar mata kuliah Tipografi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi.
Single-Case Experimental Designs and N-of-1 Trials—An Alternative to Randomized Clinical Trials for Clinical Research in Otorhinolaryngology
Authors: Taoui Soumia , Lepage Benoît , Marx Mathieu
Published: August 2023

This Viewpoint explores the use of single-case experimental designs in otolaryngology research.
Synthesis and Applications of Organic Borazine Materials
Authors: Marchionni Dario , Basak Sumon , Khodadadi Alireza Nazari , Marrocchi Assunta , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: August 2023

The past decade has marked a renewed interest in borazines and BN‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This is predominantly because of new advances that have highlighted their potential in various applications, including gas separation and storage, organic (opto)electronics, catalysis, and as supramolecular systems. This review gives a critical overview of the most significant approaches to the synthesis of (substituted) B3N3 motifs and focuses on the discussion of those borazine‐doped carbon structures that have been developed for potential use in materials science applications.
Shining Light on Multidrug‐Resistant Bacterial Infections: Rational Design of Multifunctional Organosilver‐Based AIEgen Probes as Light‐Activated Theranostics for Combating Biofilms and Liver Abscesses
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Ren Yueming , Fan Duoyang , Huang Shuai , Ma Yeshuo , Ding Jipeng , Luo Ziheng , Chen Fei , Zeng Wenbin
Published: August 2023

The intricate environment of biofilms provides a heaven for bacteria to escape antibiotic eradication, leading to persistent chronic infections. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop effective therapies to combat biofilm‐associated infections. To address this problem, a series of antimicrobial agents are designed and synthesized utilizing triphenylamine imidazole silver complexes (TPIMS). Due to the photoactivated release of Ag+ coupled with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties and efficient 1O2 generation, TPIMS exhibits excellent visual diagnostic capabilities and potent broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity, showing antimicrobial efficacy against both Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacteria. Additionally, TPIMS shows extraordinary antibacterial performance and biofilm resistance against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with reduced potential for resistance thanks to the synergistic effect of phototoxicity and dark toxicity. Notably, among the TPIMS variants tested, TPIMS‐8 has demonstrated exceptional curative ability against resistant bacterial biofilm infections in vivo with minimal side effects. Furthermore, it is applied to clinical samples from infected patients and the results indicated that TPIMS‐8 is able to achieve excellent bacterial‐specific detection and superior killing of drug‐resistant bacteria even in complex systems, demonstrating its great potential for clinical applications. This study presents a promising foundation for the development of advanced antimicrobial therapeutics targeting multidrug‐resistant bacteria and biofilm‐associated infections.
Laser‐Activated Selective Electroless Plating on 3D Structures via Additive Manufacturing for Customized Electronics
Authors: Wang Peiren , Li Ji , Deng Lishuo , Liu Sen , Wang Guoqi , Huang Jingwen , Tang Xuan , Han Lei
Published: August 2023

This work proposes a facile and economical hybrid additive manufacturing (HAM)technology combining fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing and laser‐activated selective electroless plating (ELP) for fabricating full functional end‐use 3D customized electronics. A functional acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament doped with dicopper hydroxide phosphate (Cu2(OH)PO4) catalysts is developed for FDM 3D printing. The 3D printed structure is selectively laser‐activated to generate CuI plating seeds on the ABS surface and then electrolessly plated. The poor surface finish, especially the layer lines, is an intrinsic defect of extrusion 3D printing, which not only affected the fabrication quality of the 3D substrates but also the electrical performance of the attached circuitry. Herein, a chemical polishing process based on acetone vapor is explored and characterized to significantly improve the surface quality and thereby the electrical performance of the attached copper layer. In this way, highly conductive metallic circuitry can be freeformly deposited and patterned on the 3D structure which is extremely attractive for customized 3D electronics. To show the application potential of this technology, a 3D conformal 555 timer astable oscillator circuit board and a hot‐wire flowmeter are developed as demonstrators.
Application of facial analysis Technology in Clinical Genetics: Considerations for diverse populations
Authors: Kruszka Paul , Tekendo‐Ngongang Cedrik
Published: August 2023

Facial analysis technology in rare diseases has the potential to shorten the diagnostic odyssey by providing physicians with a valuable diagnostic tool. Given that most clinical genetic resources focus on populations of European descent, we compare craniofacial features in genetic syndromes across different populations and review how machine learning algorithms perform on diagnosing genetic syndromes in geographically and ethnically diverse populations. We also discuss the value of populations from ancestrally diverse backgrounds in the training set of machine learning algorithms. Finally, this review demonstrates that across diverse population groups, machine learning models have outstanding accuracy as supported by the area under the curve values greater than 0.9. Artificial intelligence is only in its infancy in the diagnosis of rare disease in diverse populations and will become more accurate as larger and more diverse training sets, including a wider spectrum of ages, particularly infants, are studied.
Effect of exercise engagement and cardiovascular risk on neuronal injury
Authors: Stojanovic Marta , Schindler Suzanne E. , Morris John C. , Head Denise
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION

Neuronal health as a potential underlying mechanism of the beneficial effects of exercise has been understudied in humans. Furthermore, there has been limited consideration of potential moderators (e.g., cardiovascular health) on the effects of exercise.

METHODS

Clinically normal middle‐aged and older adults completed a validated questionnaire about exercise engagement over a 10‐year period (n = 75; age 63 ± 8 years). A composite estimate of neuronal injury was formulated that included cerebrospinal fluid‐based measures of visinin‐like protein‐1, neurogranin, synaptosomal‐associated protein 25, and neurofilament light chain. Cardiovascular risk was estimated using the Framingham Risk Score.

RESULTS

Cross‐sectional analyses showed that greater exercise engagement was associated with less neuronal injury in the group with lower cardiovascular risk (p = 0.008), but not the group with higher cardiovascular risk (p = 0.209).

DISCUSSION

Cardiovascular risk is an important moderator to consider when examining the effects of exercise on cognitive and neural health, and may be relevant to personalized exercise recommendations.

Highlights

We examined the association between exercise engagement and neuronal injury.

Vascular risk moderated the association between exercise and neuronal injury.

Cardiovascular risk may be relevant to personalized exercise recommendations.
H2‐free Semi‐hydrogenation of Butadiene by the Atomic Sieving Effect of Pd Membrane with Tree‐like Pd Dendrites Array
Authors: Yan Yong‐Qing , Wei Zhao , Wang Zhao , Li Yao , Wang Wei‐Hao , Jiang Bo , Su Bao‐Lian
Published: August 2023

H2‐free semi‐hydrogenation at room temperature shows great advantage for replacing the thermocatalytic process in industry owing to the high energy and resource saving, however, remains great challenges. Herein, a tree‐like Pd dendrites array decorated Pd membrane was constructed as the core device in an electrochemistry assisted gas‐fed membrane reactor for butadiene semi‐hydrogenation. It reveals that hydrogen atomic sieving effect of this Pd‐based membrane under electrochemical condition was the key for semi‐hydrogenation. The configuration study of Pd nanostructured membrane demonstrates that the penetration of hydrogen atoms through Pd membrane from electrochemical side to chemical side is affected by the consumption of hydrogen atom in semi‐hydrogenation step. Such atomic sieving property of nanostructured Pd membrane with 5.1 times increase in catalytic active surface area brings above 14 times higher in butadiene conversion than that of bare Pd foil, with ≈90 % of butenes selectivity at butadiene conversion ≈98 % over 300 h of H2‐free reaction under 15 mA cm−2.
Recent progress in the fabrication of advanced emulsions with pea proteins and their application in the food industry
Authors: Li Xiaojiao , Cheng Hao , Liang Li
Published: August 2023

Food emulsion is one of the major systems in the food industry, which exists in spreads, dressings, creams, sauces, dips, and beverages. Recently, there has been an active search for suitable plant protein sources to replace animal proteins for the fabrication of advanced emulsion systems in the food industry. Pea protein is getting more and more attention as a good emulsifier in the food industry because of its low cost, low allergy, rich nutrition, and good functionality. This review summarizes recent studies on the fabrication and utilization of these advanced emulsions with pea proteins, including nanoemulsions, Pickering emulsions, high internal phase emulsions, and double emulsions. A brief description of emulsifying property of pea protein is given, then the formation and properties of each type of pea protein emulsions are described, and finally, the potential applications of pea protein as an emulsifier in commercial food products are introduced. A particular emphasis is given to the utilization of pea protein as an emulsifier and these advanced pea protein emulsions for the delivery of bioactive components, 3D printing, and production of market products.
Effect of phosphorus/nitrogen/carbon component ratio in aqueous flame retardant on the fire prevention of wood substrate
Authors: Du Weining , Zhang Zejiang , Li Pingli , Li Lijun , Huang Hao , Yan Mingqiang
Published: August 2023

Herein, various of aqueous halogen‐free flame retardants (FRs) were fabricated by controlling the weight ratio of phosphorus/nitrogen/carbon compounds. The prepared FRs showed good dispersion level at ambient conditions and easily adhering feature on the wood substrate. Owing to the synergistic flame‐retardant effect of phosphorus/nitrogen/carbon compounds on wood, the FR1 coated wood (W‐FR1) could form non‐pores, compact, and continuous phospho‐carbonaceous layer under fire. Meanwhile, W‐FR1 exhibited a higher LOI (59.5%) and UL‐94 rating (V‐0). Moreover, the ignition time of W‐FR1 was significantly delayed from 35 to 570 s. Additionally, W‐FR1 showed 31.6% and 47.1% reductions in THR and TSP, respectively, 99.3% increment in char residue, as compared to the untreated wood. The present research offers a promising aqueous flame retardant for potential forest fire prevention.