bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salinisation of drinking water ponds and groundwater in coastal Bangladesh linked to tropical cyclones
Authors: Tsai ChiSan , Hoque Mohammad A. , Vineis Paolo , Ahmed Kazi Matin , Butler Adrian P.
Published: March 2024

Salinity is a widespread problem along the Asian coast, mainly in reclaimed lands where most people live. These low-lying areas are vulnerable to impacts from tropical cyclone induced storm surges. The role of such surges on the long-term salinity of water resources, particularly the salinisation of drinking water ponds, a key water resource, requires further investigation. Here we show, using high-resolution measurements of pond hydrology and numerical modelling, that episodic inundation events cause the widespread salinisation of surface water and groundwater bodies in coastal areas. Sudden salt fluxes in ponds cause salinity build-up in the underlying sediments and become a source of salinity. Rapid clean-up of drinking ponds immediately after a surge event can significantly minimize these salinity impacts, which are likely to increase under climate change. Our study has implications for coastal land use and water resources management in tropical deltas.
Treatment burden and regimen fatigue among patients with HIV and diabetes attending clinics of Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital
Authors: Muhammed Oumer Sada , Hassen Minimize , Taye Melaku , Beyene Eyob , Bedru Beshir , Tileku Melaku
Published: March 2024

Nascent studies showed that patients with chronic medical illnesses such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and HIV/AIDS are highly vulnerable to face both treatment burden and regimen fatigue. However, an attempt made so far in this sphere in sub-Saharan African health care context is dearth. Thus, this study aimed to determine the level of treatment burden and regimen fatigue of diabetic and HIV patients attending adult diabetic and ART clinics of TASH and explore patients’ and health care workers’ propositions to reduce treatment burden and regimen fatigue. An explanatory sequential mixed methods study was conducted at the adult HIV and DM clinics of TASH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from February 01-March 30, 2022. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were employed to select participants for quantitative and qualitative studies, respectively. Descriptive analysis was done to summarize the quantitative data. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of treatment burden and regimen fatigue, respectively. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Qualitative data was analyzed by using a thematic analysis. A total of 300 patients (200 diabetes and 100 HIV) were included in the quantitative study. For the qualitative study, 14 patients and 10 health care workers (six nurses and four medical doctors) were included. Participants' mean global Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) and Treatment Regimen Fatigue Scale (TRFS) score were 28.86 ± 22.13 and − 42.82 ± 17.45, respectively. Roughly, 12% of patients experienced a high treatment burden. The presence of two or more comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 7.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59–39.08), daily ingestion of more than five types of prescribed medications (AOR = 6.81, 95%CI 1.59–29.14), and good knowledge about DM and/or HIV (AOR = 0.33, 95%CI 0.12–0.92) were predictors of treatment burden. Poor availability of medications (β = 0.951, p < 0.001) was the only predictor of regimen fatigue. Patients and health care workers primarily proposed to foster self-care efficacy, advance administrative services of the clinic and hospital, and improve healthcare system provision. The findings of this study unveiled that a considerable proportion of patients experienced low levels of treatment burden and regimen fatigue. This study showed that boosting the patients’ self-care efficacy, upgrading administrative services of the clinic and hospital, and promoting the healthcare system provision had enormous significance in reducing treatment burden and regimen fatigue. Therefore, when designing patient-specific healthcare interventions for both HIV and diabetic patients’ various factors affecting both treatment burden and regimen fatigue should be considered to achieve the desired goals of therapy.
Motor imagery ability scores are related to cortical activation during gait imagery
Authors: Putzolu Martina , Samogin Jessica , Bonassi Gaia , Cosentino Carola , Mezzarobba Susanna , Botta Alessandro , Avanzino Laura , Mantini Dante , Vato Alessandro , Pelosin Elisa
Published: March 2024

Motor imagery (MI) is the mental execution of actions without overt movements that depends on the ability to imagine. We explored whether this ability could be related to the cortical activity of the brain areas involved in the MI network. To this goal, brain activity was recorded using high-density electroencephalography in nineteen healthy adults while visually imagining walking on a straight path. We extracted Event-Related Desynchronizations (ERDs) in the θ, α, and β band, and we measured MI ability via (i) the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ), (ii) the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 (VMIQ), and (iii) the Imagery Ability (IA) score. We then used Pearson’s and Spearman’s coefficients to correlate MI ability scores and average ERD power (avgERD). Positive correlations were identified between VMIQ and avgERD of the middle cingulum in the β band and with avgERD of the left insula, right precentral area, and right middle occipital region in the θ band. Stronger activation of the MI network was related to better scores of MI ability evaluations, supporting the importance of testing MI ability during MI protocols. This result will help to understand MI mechanisms and develop personalized MI treatments for patients with neurological dysfunctions.
The error of estimated GFR in predialysis care
Authors: Escamilla-Cabrera Beatriz , Luis-Lima Sergio , Gallego-Valcarce Eduardo , Sánchez-Dorta Nuria Victoria , Negrín-Mena Natalia , Díaz-Martín Laura , Cruz-Perera Coriolano , Hernández-Valles Ana Monserrat , González-Rinne Federico , Rodríguez-Gamboa María José , Estupiñán-Torres Sara , Miquel-Rodríguez Rosa , Cobo-Caso María Ángeles , Delgado-Mallén Patricia , Fernández-Suárez Gema , González-Rinne Ana , Hernández-Barroso Grimanesa , González-Delgado Alejandra , Torres-Ramírez Armando , Jiménez-Sosa Alejandro , Ortiz Alberto , Gaspari Flavio , Hernández-Marrero Domingo , Porrini Esteban Luis
Published: March 2024

The error of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and its consequences in predialysis are unknown. In this prospective multicentre study, 315 predialysis patients underwent measured GFR (mGFR) by the clearance of iohexol and eGFR by 52 formulas. Agreement between eGFR and mGFR was evaluated by concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), total deviation index (TDI) and coverage probability (CP). In a sub-analysis we assessed the impact of eGFR error on decision-making as (i) initiating dialysis, (ii) preparation for renal replacement therapy (RRT) and (iii) continuing clinical follow-up. For this sub-analysis, patients who started RRT due to clinical indications (uremia, fluid overload, etc.) were excluded. eGFR had scarce precision and accuracy in reflecting mGFR (average CCC 0.6, TDI 70% and cp 22%) both in creatinine- and cystatin-based formulas. Variations -larger than 10 ml/min- between mGFR and eGFR were frequent. The error of formulas would have suggested (a) premature preparation for RTT in 14% of stable patients evaluated by mGFR; (b) to continue clinical follow-up in 59% of subjects with indication for RTT preparation due to low GFRm and (c) to delay dialysis in all asymptomatic patients (n = 6) in whom RRT was indicated based on very low mGFR. The error of formulas in predialysis was frequent and large and may have consequences in clinical care.
With super SDMs (machine learning, open access big data, and the cloud) towards more holistic global squirrel hotspots and coldspots
Authors: Steiner Moriz , Huettmann F. , Bryans N. , Barker B.
Published: March 2024

Species-habitat associations are correlative, can be quantified, and used for powerful inference. Nowadays, Species Distribution Models (SDMs) play a big role, e.g. using Machine Learning and AI algorithms, but their best-available technical opportunities remain still not used for their potential e.g. in the policy sector. Here we present Super SDMs that invoke ML, OA Big Data, and the Cloud with a workflow for the best-possible inference for the 300 + global squirrel species. Such global Big Data models are especially important for the many marginalized squirrel species and the high number of endangered and data-deficient species in the world, specifically in tropical regions. While our work shows common issues with SDMs and the maxent algorithm (‘Shallow Learning'), here we present a multi-species Big Data SDM template for subsequent ensemble models and generic progress to tackle global species hotspot and coldspot assessments for a more inclusive and holistic inference.
Sounding out maerl sediment thickness: an integrated data approach
Authors: Sheehy Jack , Bates Richard , Bell Michael , Porter Jo
Published: March 2024

Maerl beds are listed as a priority marine feature in Scotland. They are noted for creating suitable benthic habitat for diverse communities of fauna and flora and in supporting a wide array of ecosystem services. Within the context of climate change, they are also recognised as a potential blue carbon habitat through sequestration of carbon in living biomass and underlying sediment. There are, however, significant data gaps on the potential of maerl carbon sequestration which impede inclusion in blue carbon policy frameworks. Key data gaps include sediment thickness, from which carbon content is extrapolated. There are additional logistical and financial barriers associated with quantification methods that aim to address these data gaps. This study investigates the use of sub-bottom profiling (SBP) to lessen financial and logistical constraints of maerl bed sediment thickness estimation and regional blue carbon quantification. SBP data were cross validated with cores, other SBP data on blue carbon sediments, and analysed with expert input. Combining SBP data with estimates of habitat health (as % cover) from drop-down video (DDV) data, and regional abiotic data, this study also elucidates links between abiotic and biotic factors in determining maerl habitat health and maerl sediment thickness through pathway analysis in structural equation modelling (SEM). SBP data were proved to be sufficiently robust for identification of maerl sediments when corroborated with core data. SBP and DDV data of maerl bed habitats in Orkney exhibited some positive correlations of sediment thickness with maerl % cover. The average maerl bed sediment thickness was 1.08 m across all ranges of habitat health. SEM analysis revealed maerl bed habitat health was strongly determined by abiotic factors. Maerl habitat health had a separate positive effect on maerl bed sediment thickness.
Significant reduction in creep life of P91 steam pipe elbow caused by an aberrant microstructure after short-term service
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Li Jian , Liu Jie , Yu Peichen , Liu Xinyang , Fan Zhiyang , Hu Anqing , He Yinsheng
Published: March 2024

P91 steel is an important steam pipe for ultra-supercritical power plants due to its excellent creep strength, which generally has a design life of 100,000 h. Here, we found a significant aberrant decrease in the creep rupture life of a main steam pipe elbow after only 20,000 h of service. The microstructure in the aberrant piece exhibited a decomposition of martensitic lath into blocky ferrite due to recrystallization and accumulation of M23C6 as well as formation of the Laves phase along the prior austenitic grain boundaries, resulting in the decrease of hardness that no long meet ASME standard requirement. The creep testing of the P91 piece at 550–600 °C and 85–140 MPa shows that the influence of temperature on the cavity formation and cracking is greater than that of the applied stress. The rupture life is nearly two orders of magnitude shorter than the normal P91, attributing to the creep damage of the subgrain growth, M23C6 and Laves phase coarsening (aggregation approaching 3.4 μm). The residual life of the aberrant piece was evaluated to be 53,353 h based on the Larson–Miller parameter, which is much shorter than the design life, suggesting the safety operation of the elbow area should be paid more attention during the afterward service periods. P91 steel, main steam pipe elbow, aberrant microstructure, service degradation, creep life prediction
Bearing fault detection by using graph autoencoder and ensemble learning
Authors: Wang Meng , Yu Jiong , Leng Hongyong , Du Xusheng , Liu Yiran
Published: March 2024

The research and application of bearing fault diagnosis techniques are crucial for enhancing equipment reliability, extending bearing lifespan, and reducing maintenance expenses. Nevertheless, most existing methods encounter challenges in discriminating between signals from machines operating under normal and faulty conditions, leading to unstable detection results. To tackle this issue, the present study proposes a novel approach for bearing fault detection based on graph neural networks and ensemble learning. Our key contribution is a novel stochasticity-based compositional method that transforms Euclidean-structured data into a graph format for processing by graph neural networks, with feature fusion and a newly proposed ensemble learning strategy for outlier detection specifically designed for bearing fault diagnosis. This approach marks a significant advancement in accurately identifying bearing faults, highlighting our study's pivotal role in enhancing diagnostic methodologies.
Effects of background doping, interdiffusion and layer thickness fluctuation on the transport characteristics of THz quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Stanojević Novak , Demić Aleksandar , Vuković Nikola , Dean Paul , Ikonić Zoran , Indjin Dragan , Radovanović Jelena
Published: March 2024

In this work, we investigate the effects of n and p-type background doping, interface composition diffusion (interdiffusion) of the barrier material and layer thickness variation during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth on transport characteristics of terahertz-frequency quantum cascade lasers (THz QCLs). We analysed four exemplary structures: a bound-to-continuum design, hybrid design, LO-phonon design and a two-well high-temperature performance LO-phonon design. The exemplary bound-to-continuum design has shown to be the most sensitive to the background doping as it stops lasing for concentrations around $$1.0\cdot 10^{15}$$

1.0
·

10
15

–$$2.0\cdot 10^{15}$$

2.0
·

10
15

cm$$^{-3}$$

-
3

. The LO-phonon design is the most sensitive to growth fluctuations during MBE and this is critical for novel LO-phonon structures optimised for high-temperature performance. We predict that interdiffusion mostly affects current density for designs with narrow barrier layers and higher $$\textrm{Al}$$
Al
composition. We show that layer thickness variation leads to significant changes in material gain and current density, and in some cases to the growth of nonfunctional devices. These effects serve as a beacon of fundamental calibration steps required for successful realisation of THz QCLs.
Occurrence and mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Thailand
Authors: Chirabhundhu Nachat , Luk-In Sirirat , Phuadraksa Thanawat , Wichit Sineewanlaya , Chatsuwan Tanittha , Wannigama Dhammika Leshan , Yainoy Sakda
Published: March 2024

Tigecycline has been regarded as one of the most important last-resort antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria, particularly carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (C-C-RKP). However, reports on tigecycline resistance have been growing. Overall, ~ 4000 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were collected over a five-year period (2017–2021), in which 240 isolates of C-C-RKP were investigated. Most of these isolates (91.7%) were resistant to tigecycline. Notably, a high-risk clone of ST16 was predominantly identified, which was associated with the co-harboring of blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-232 genes. Their major mechanism of tigecycline resistance was the overexpression of efflux pump acrB gene and its regulator RamA, which was caused by mutations in RamR (M184V, Y59C, I141T, A28T, C99/C100 insertion), in RamR binding site (PI) of ramA gene (C139T), in MarR (S82G), and/or in AcrR (L154R, R13Q). Interestingly, four isolates of ST147 carried the mutated tet(A) efflux pump gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the prevalence and mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in C-C-RKP isolated from Thailand. The high incidence of tigecycline resistance observed among C-C-RKP in this study reflects an ongoing evolution of XDR bacteria against the last-resort antibiotics, which demands urgent action.
AMPK stimulation inhibits YAP/TAZ signaling to ameliorate hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Shihan Mahbubul H. , Sharma Sachin , Cable Carson , Prathigudupu Vijaya , Chen Alina , Mattis Aras N. , Chen Jennifer Y.
Published: March 2024

Hepatic fibrosis is driven by the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The Hippo pathway and its effectors, YAP and TAZ, are key regulators of HSC activation and fibrosis. However, there is a lack of mechanistic understanding of YAP/TAZ regulation in HSCs. Here we show that AMPK activation leads to YAP/TAZ inhibition and HSC inactivation in vitro, while the expression of a kinase-inactive mutant reversed these effects compared to wild type AMPKɑ1. Notably, the depletion of LATS1/2, an upstream kinase of YAP/TAZ signaling, rescues YAP/TAZ activation, suggesting that AMPK may be mediating YAP/TAZ inhibition via LATS1/2. In the carbon tetrachloride mouse model of fibrosis, pharmacologic activation of AMPK in HSCs inhibits YAP/TAZ signaling and reduces fibrosis. The findings implicate AMPK as a critical regulator of YAP/TAZ signaling and HSC inactivation and highlight AMPK activation as a therapeutic target for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
Real-world testing of an artificial intelligence algorithm for the analysis of chest X-rays in primary care settings
Authors: Miró Catalina Queralt , Vidal-Alaball Josep , Fuster-Casanovas Aïna , Escalé-Besa Anna , Ruiz Comellas Anna , Solé-Casals Jordi
Published: March 2024

Interpreting chest X-rays is a complex task, and artificial intelligence algorithms for this purpose are currently being developed. It is important to perform external validations of these algorithms in order to implement them. This study therefore aims to externally validate an AI algorithm’s diagnoses in real clinical practice, comparing them to a radiologist’s diagnoses. The aim is also to identify diagnoses the algorithm may not have been trained for. A prospective observational study for the external validation of the AI algorithm in a region of Catalonia, comparing the AI algorithm’s diagnosis with that of the reference radiologist, considered the gold standard. The external validation was performed with a sample of 278 images and reports, 51.8% of which showed no radiological abnormalities according to the radiologist's report. Analysing the validity of the AI algorithm, the average accuracy was 0.95 (95% CI 0.92; 0.98), the sensitivity was 0.48 (95% CI 0.30; 0.66) and the specificity was 0.98 (95% CI 0.97; 0.99). The conditions where the algorithm was most sensitive were external, upper abdominal and cardiac and/or valvular implants. On the other hand, the conditions where the algorithm was less sensitive were in the mediastinum, vessels and bone. The algorithm has been validated in the primary care setting and has proven to be useful when identifying images with or without conditions. However, in order to be a valuable tool to help and support experts, it requires additional real-world training to enhance its diagnostic capabilities for some of the conditions analysed. Our study emphasizes the need for continuous improvement to ensure the algorithm’s effectiveness in primary care.
WGCNA analysis of the effect of exogenous BR on leaf angle of maize mutant lpa1
Authors: Ji Xiangzhuo , Gao Qiaohong , Zhuang Zelong , Chang Fangguo , Peng Yunling
Published: March 2024

Leaf angle, as one of the important agronomic traits of maize, can directly affect the planting density of maize, thereby affecting its yield. Here we used the ZmLPA1 gene mutant lpa1 to study maize leaf angle and found that the lpa1 leaf angle changed significantly under exogenous brassinosteroid (BR) treatment compared with WT (inbred line B73). Transcriptome sequencing of WT and lpa1 treated with different concentrations of exogenous BR showed that the differentially expressed genes were upregulated with auxin, cytokinin and brassinosteroid; Genes associated with abscisic acid are down-regulated. The differentially expressed genes in WT and lpa1 by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) yielded two gene modules associated with maize leaf angle change under exogenous BR treatment. The results provide a new theory for the regulation of maize leaf angle by lpa1 and exogenous BR.
The clinical features, treatment and prognosis of neutropenic fever and Coronavirus disease 2019 results of the multicentre teos study
Authors: Başkol Elik Dilşah , Kaya Şafak , Alkan Sevil , Demirdal Tuna , Sener Alper , Kaya Selçuk , Güzel Tunçcan Özlem , Kayaaslan Bircan , Güner Rahmet , Eser Fatma , Kahraman Hasip , Birengel Serhat , Sarıcaoğlu Elif Mukime , Eroğlu Esma , Çölkesen Fatma , Öztürk Erman , Berk Cam Hande , Mermutluoğlu Çiğdem , Özer Balin Şafak , Sincan Gülden , Altın Nilgün , Sili Uluhan , Suntur Bedia Mutay , Arslan Gülen Tuğba , Deveci Burak , Saba Rabin , İncecik Şaban , Eser Karlıdağ Gülden , Hakko Elif , Akdağ Damla , Erdem Hüseyin Aytaç , Sipahi Hilal , Çicek Candan , Taşbakan Mehmet Sezai , Taşbakan Meltem , Pullukçu Hüsnü , Yamazhan Tansu , Arda Bilgin , Ulusoy Sercan , Sipahi Oguz Resat
Published: March 2024

This multicentre (22 centres in Turkey) retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of patients with neutropenic fever and SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Study period was 15 March 2020–15 August 2021. A total of 170 cases (58 female, aged 59 ± 15.5 years) that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. One-month mortality rate (OMM) was 44.8%. The logistic regression analysis showed the following significant variables for the mentioned dependent variables: (i) achieving PCR negativity: receiving a maximum of 5 days of favipiravir (p = 0.005, OR 5.166, 95% CI 1.639–16.280); (ii) need for ICU: receiving glycopeptide therapy at any time during the COVID-19/FEN episode (p = 0.001, OR 6.566, 95% CI 2.137–20.172), the need for mechanical ventilation (p < 0.001, OR 62.042, 95% CI 9.528–404.011); (iii) need for mechanical ventilation: failure to recover from neutropenia (p < 0.001, OR 17.869, 95% CI 3.592–88.907), receiving tocilizumab therapy (p = 0.028, OR 32.227, 95% CI 1.469–707.053), septic shock (p = 0.001, OR 15.4 96% CI 3.164–75.897), and the need for ICU (p < 0.001, OR 91.818, 95% CI 15.360–548.873), (iv) OMM: [mechanical ventilation (p = 0.001, OR 19.041, 95% CI 3.229–112.286) and septic shock (p = 0.010, OR 5.589,95% CI 1.509–20.700)]. Although it includes a relatively limited number of patients, our findings suggest that COVID-19 and FEN are associated with significant mortality and morbidity.
A dynamic panel threshold model analysis on heterogeneous environmental regulation, R&D investment, and enterprise green total factor productivity
Authors: Liu Lu , Ren Rong , Cui Kaiyuan , Song Lei
Published: March 2024

Environmental regulations are important means to influence manufacturing enterprise green development. However, there are two completely different conclusions both in theoretical and in empirical research, namely the “Follow Cost” theory and the “Porter Hypothesis”. The nonlinear mechanism needs to be considered. Therefore, this study aims to explain the threshold impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on enterprise green total factor productivity. Environmental regulations are divided into different sub-categories, then based on the panel data of 1220 Chinese manufacturing listed companies from 2011 to 2020, this paper uses threshold regression model to examine the impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on Chinese manufacturing enterprise Green Total Factor Productivity. The empirical results show that: (1) Command-controlled, market-incentive and voluntary-agreement environmental regulation all have a significant nonlinear impact on enterprise Green Total Factor Productivity. (2) Enterprise R&D investment plays a threshold role in the impact. (3) There are industry and equity type differences in the impact process. This study focuses on the micro level of enterprises and tests the threshold mechanism, which make some theoretical complement to previous researches. The research results are not only beneficial for the government to propose appropriate environmental regulatory policies, but also for enterprises to achieve green growth through heterogeneous R&D investment.
Sustainable power management in light electric vehicles with hybrid energy storage and machine learning control
Authors: Punyavathi R. , Pandian A. , Singh Arvind R. , Bajaj Mohit , Tuka Milkias Berhanu , Blazek Vojtech
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a cutting-edge Sustainable Power Management System for Light Electric Vehicles (LEVs) using a Hybrid Energy Storage Solution (HESS) integrated with Machine Learning (ML)-enhanced control. The system's central feature is its ability to harness renewable energy sources, such as Photovoltaic (PV) panels and supercapacitors, which overcome traditional battery-dependent constraints. The proposed control algorithm orchestrates power sharing among the battery, supercapacitor, and PV sources, optimizing the utilization of available renewable energy and ensuring stringent voltage regulation of the DC bus. Notably, the ML-based control ensures precise torque and speed regulation, resulting in significantly reduced torque ripple and transient response times. In practical terms, the system maintains the DC bus voltage within a mere 2.7% deviation from the nominal value under various operating conditions, a substantial improvement over existing systems. Furthermore, the supercapacitor excels at managing rapid variations in load power, while the battery adjusts smoothly to meet the demands. Simulation results confirm the system's robust performance. The HESS effectively maintains voltage stability, even under the most challenging conditions. Additionally, its torque response is exceptionally robust, with negligible steady-state torque ripple and fast transient response times. The system also handles speed reversal commands efficiently, a vital feature for real-world applications. By showcasing these capabilities, the paper lays the groundwork for a more sustainable and efficient future for LEVs, suggesting pathways for scalable and advanced electric mobility solutions.
Automated detection of Alzheimer’s disease: a multi-modal approach with 3D MRI and amyloid PET
Authors: Castellano Giovanna , Esposito Andrea , Lella Eufemia , Montanaro Graziano , Vessio Gennaro
Published: March 2024

Recent advances in deep learning and imaging technologies have revolutionized automated medical image analysis, especially in diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease through neuroimaging. Despite the availability of various imaging modalities for the same patient, the development of multi-modal models leveraging these modalities remains underexplored. This paper addresses this gap by proposing and evaluating classification models using 2D and 3D MRI images and amyloid PET scans in uni-modal and multi-modal frameworks. Our findings demonstrate that models using volumetric data learn more effective representations than those using only 2D images. Furthermore, integrating multiple modalities enhances model performance over single-modality approaches significantly. We achieved state-of-the-art performance on the OASIS-3 cohort. Additionally, explainability analyses with Grad-CAM indicate that our model focuses on crucial AD-related regions for its predictions, underscoring its potential to aid in understanding the disease’s causes.
Combination of dimensional reduction and active site addition strategies for preparing unique {RE9}-cluster-based MOFs: efficient CO2 fixation and Knoevenagel condensation
Authors: Zhao Ying , Wu Dan , Qiao Yidan , Yang Guo-Ping , Ma Lu-Fang , Wang Yao-Yu
Published: March 2024

A series of 2D {RE9}-cluster-based rare-earth MOFs were built by dimensional reduction and active site addition strategies. They exhibit excellent catalytic activity in CO2 fixation and Knoevenagel condensation under mild conditions.
A 10‐bit 13.3 µW single‐slope analog‐to‐digital converter with auto‐zero power‐down technique
Authors: Lee Youngwoo , Kim Suhwan , Jun Jaehoon
Published: March 2024

This letter presents a low‐power single‐slope analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) for column‐parallel architectures. A simple and effective design technique is proposed to solve the input‐dependent power consumption problem of the conventional single‐slope ADCs. A decision‐feedback loop is implemented in the second stage of the comparator. Based on the negative‐feedback path, which is activated after the signal decision of the comparator, the input‐dependent dynamic current path in the amplifier is disabled. Furthermore, an additional low‐power design technique is proposed to save the power consumption of the ADC by optimizing the offset cancelling auto‐zero period. With the combination of the proposed techniques, the power consumption of the single‐slope ADC can be effectively saved while suppressing the dynamic current.
Optimization of Efficiency Mercury (Hg) Removal with Electrocoagulation Using Zinc (Zn) Electrode by RSM Methods
Authors: Nurfahasdi Meutia , Husin Amir , Faisal Muhammad , Rahayu Silda Adi , Putri Adinda Azzahra , Nadhira Ade Citra , Sabrina dan Seby , Bozorova Irina , Shukuraliyev Abrorbek , Alijanov Donyorbek
Published: March 2024

Good and optimal management of the Final Processing Site (TPA) can provide benefits to the community and the surrounding environment. One of the impacts of poor management of the landfill is that the decomposition of waste that occurs at the landfill will produce leachate which will potentially contaminate groundwater. Leachate from landfill can contaminate groundwater if it seeps into the ground and eventually into the groundwater. In one of the landfill’s in Medan City, namely Terjun landfill, it is known that the level of mercury (Hg) in leachate is 0.04012 which is categorized as exceeding the quality standard. Electrocoagulation is a promising treatment technology because it has the potential to remove organic matter and persistent pollutants in landfill leachate. The electrocoagulation process was carried out with variations of the electrocoagulation time used, namely 10, 20, and 30 minutes using zinc electrodes. As well as other variations used, namely the electrode spacing of 1 cm, 2 cm and 3 cm and the voltage of 8 volts, 10 volts and 12 volts. The results showed that the optimal variation was obtained at a distance of 2 cm, 30 minutes, and 12 volts with a mercury reduction efficiency of 98.108%.
Quantitative and qualitative composition of solid particles released into the atmosphere when burning coal (a case study from a brick factory of Uzbekistan)
Authors: Turgunov Abdulkhashim , Turgunova Okibathon , Rashidov Rikhsitilla , Muratkulov Olimjon , Sobitov Obidxon , Igamkulova Nargisa , Ergashev Yorkinjon
Published: March 2024

The fight against atmospheric air pollution by combustion products of natural coal, in particular coal ash, is an urgent task. The most refined definition of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of coal ash, taking into account the specifics of the technological process for the production of burnt bricks, will serve to identify and justify the technological process and the main parameters of the dust and gas treatment device (PGOU) for use in the production of building materials that involve the use of natural coal as fuel.
Quantitative and qualitative composition of solid particles released into the atmosphere when burning coal (a case study from a brick factory of Uzbekistan)
Authors: Turgunov Abdulkhashim , Turgunova Okibathon , Rashidov Rikhsitilla , Muratkulov Olimjon , Sobitov Obidxon , Igamkulova Nargisa , Ergashev Yorkinjon , Turabdjanov Sadritdin
Published: March 2024

The fight against atmospheric air pollution by combustion products of natural coal, in particular coal ash, is an urgent task. The most refined definition of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of coal ash, taking into account the specifics of the technological process for the production of burnt bricks, will serve to identify and justify the technological process and the main parameters of the dust and gas treatment device (PGOU) for use in the production of building materials that involve the use of natural coal as fuel.
Study on sulfitation of fruits and berries: Methods of sulfitation and desulfitation
Authors: Rustamova Rano , Mamatsabirov Farrukhbek , Sulaymanova Sokhiba , Rakhmatov Abdugani , Babayev Aziz , Allenova Irina , Isomiddinova Hulkar
Published: March 2024

Sulfitation, the process of treating fruits and berries with sulfites, is a widely used method in the food industry to preserve their color, flavor, and overall quality. However, concerns regarding the health implications of sulfite consumption have prompted research into alternative methods and techniques for sulfitation and desulfitation. This paper reviews the current methodologies employed in sulfitation and explores emerging strategies for desulfitation, aiming to provide insights into safer and more sustainable practices in fruit and berry preservation.
Salvage Algorithm for Deep Surgical Site Infections after HTO with Unstable Bone Situation Using a Hexapod System – Primary Results
Authors: Baumgartner Heiko , Finger Felix , Ahrend Marc-Daniel , Histing Tina , Grünwald Leonard
Published: March 2024

The incidence of deep surgical site infections following high tibial osteotomy (HTO)
ranges between 0.4 to 4.7%. It is a severe complication with a high risk for poor clinical
outcome. The aim of this study was to proof that a salvage algorithm for infected HTO with
unstable bone situation leads to an infection-free status and bone union of the osteotomy
and that correct limb alignment can be restored with good knee function.

The study included seven patients with peri-implant infections following HTO. Infections
occurred 83 ± 58.9 days (range: 24–191) after HTO. All patients underwent the “RESTORE”
algorithm: patients received (1) REmoval of the HTO hardware and extensive debridement; (2)
the osteotomy was STabilized with a hexapod external fixator (Taylor Spatial Frame, TSF);
(3) the osteotomy gap was Opened; and (4) the alignment was REconstructed using the TSF,
aiming for the intended limb alignment of the initial HTO. Patient-reported outcomes were
assessed 22–36 months after removal of the TSF.

After 24 weeks (range: 11–35), an infection-free status and bone healing were achieved.
In all cases, the limb was saved, and the previously targeted mechanical axis of the lower
limb was restored. All patients reached full extension of the knee joint and at least 110°
of flexion. For KOOS: Symptoms 67.86 ± 18.1, Pain 73.41 ± 16.58, ADL 78.99 ± 21.32, Sports
52.14 ± 25.96, and QoL 41.96 ± 24.66. OKS 35.71 ± 8.8, SF-12 Physical Health 38.89 ± 10.3,
and SF-12 Mental Health 46.86 ± 13.76.

The “RESTORE” algorithm is a safe and effective salvage procedure. The concept allows
for saving the limb and obtaining the previously planned limb alignment. Patient-reported
outcome measures showed slightly lowered values than healthy samples, but substantially
better values than patients awaiting HTO. Due to the possibility of initial full
weight-bearing, the risk of higher morbidity caused by immobilization is minimized.
A comprehensive examination of small-bowel capsule endoscopy in Spanish centers to meet European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy standards
Authors: Gómez Villagrá Míriam , de Frías César Prieto , Martinez-Acitores de la Mata Diego , Alonso-Sierra Maite , Alonso-Lazaro Noelia , Caballero Noemí , Sanchez Ceballos Francisco , Compañy Luis , Egea Valenzuela Juan , Esteban Pilar , Farráis Sergio , Fernández-Urién Ignacio , Galvez Consuelo , García Almudena , García Lledó Javier , González Suárez Begoña , Jiménez-García Victoria-Alejandra , Lujan-Sanchís Marisol , Mateos Muñoz Beatriz , Romero-Mascarell Cristina , San Juan Acosta Mileidis , Valdivielso Cortázar Eduardo , Giordano Antonio , Carretero Cristina
Published: March 2024

Background and study aims In 2019, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) created a working group to develop technical and quality standards for small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) to improve the daily practice of endoscopy services. They developed 10 quality parameters, which have yet to be tested in a real-life setting. Our study aimed to evaluate the accomplishment of the quality standards in SBCE established by the ESGE in several Spanish centers.

Materials and methods An online survey of 11 multiple-choice questions related to the ESGE performance measures was sent to Spanish centers with experience in SBCE. In order to participate and obtain reliable data, at least 100 questionnaires had to be answered per center because that is the minimum number established by ESGE.

Results 20 centers participated in the study, compiling 2049 SBCEs for the analysis. Only one of 10 performance measures (cecal visualization) reached the minimum standard established by the ESGE. In five of 10 performance measures (Indication, lesion detection rate, terminology, and retention rate) the minimum standard was nearly achieved.

Conclusions Our study is the first multicenter study regarding SBCE quality performance measures in a real setting. Our results show that the minimum standard is hardly reached in most procedures, which calls into question their clinical applicability in real life. We suggest performing similar studies in other countries to evaluate whether there is a need for quality improvement programs or a need to reevaluate the minimum and target values published so far.
High spin-Chern-number insulator in α-antimonene with a hidden topological phase
Authors: Wang Baokai , Zhou Xiaoting , Hung Yi-Chun , Lin Yen-Chuan , Lin Hsin , Bansil Arun
Published: March 2024

For a time-reversal symmetric system, the quantum spin Hall phase is assumed to be the same as the

Z

2

topological insulator phase in the existing literature. The spin Chern number

C

s

is presumed to yield the same topological classification as the

Z

2

invariant. Here, by investigating the electronic structures of monolayer α-phase group V elements, we uncover the presence of a topological phase in α-Sb, which can be characterized by a spin Chern number

C

s

= 2, even though it is

Z

2

trivial. Although α-As and Sb would thus be classified as trivial insulators within the classification schemes, we demonstrate the existence of a phase transition between α-As and Sb, which is induced by band inversions at two generic k points. Without spin–orbit coupling (SOC), α-As is a trivial insulator, while α-Sb is a Dirac semimetal with four Dirac points (DPs) located away from the high-symmetry lines. Inclusion of the SOC gaps out the DPs and induces a nontrivial Berry curvature, endowing α-Sb with a high spin Chern number of

C

s

= 2. We further show that monolayer α-Sb exhibits either a gapless band structure or a gapless spin spectrum on its edges, as expected from topological considerations.
Symmetry breaking in vanadium trihalides
Authors: Camerano Luigi , Profeta Gianni
Published: March 2024

In the light of new experimental evidence we study the insulating ground state of the

3

d
2

-transition metal trihalides VX
3 (X = Cl, I). Based on density functional theory with the Hubbard correction we systematically show how these systems host multiple metastable states characterised by different orbital ordering and electronic behaviour. Our calculations reveal the importance of imposing a precondition in the on site d density matrix and of considering a symmetry broken unit cell to correctly take into account the correlation effects in a mean field framework. Furthermore we ultimately found a ground state with the

a

1
g

orbital occupied in a distorted VX
6 octahedra driven by an optical phonon mode.
Influence of acceleration stage electrode voltage on the performance of double-stage Hall effect thruster with adjustable zero magnetic point
Authors: CHEN 陈 Long 龙 , GAO 高 Weifu 维富 , CUI 崔 Zuojun 作君 , DUAN 段 Ping 萍 , XU 许 Xuesong 雪松 , KAN 阚 Zichen 子晨 , TAN 檀 Congqi 聪琦 , CHEN 陈 Junyu 俊宇
Published: March 2024

The configuration of electrode voltage and zero magnetic point position has a significant impact on the performance of the double-stage Hall effect thruster. A 2D-3V model is established based on the two-magnetic peak type double-stage Hall thruster configuration, and a particle-in-cell simulation is carried out to investigate the influences of both acceleration electrode voltage value and zero magnetic point position on the thruster discharge characteristics and performances. The results indicate that increasing the acceleration voltage leads to a larger potential drop in the acceleration stage, allowing ions to gain higher energy, while electrons are easily absorbed by the intermediate electrode, resulting in a decrease in the anode current and ionization rate. When the acceleration voltage reaches 500 V, the thrust and efficiency are maximized, resulting in a 15% increase in efficiency. After the acceleration voltage exceeds 500 V, a potential barrier forms within the channel, leading to a decrease in thruster efficiency. Further study shows that as the second zero magnetic point moves towards the outlet of the channel, more electrons easily traverse the zero magnetic field region, participating in the ionization. The increase in the ionization rate leads to a gradual enhancement in both thrust and efficiency.
Adapted metrics on locally conformally product manifolds
Authors: Moroianu Andrei , Pilca Mihaela
Published: March 2024

We show that the Gauduchon metric

g
0

g_0

of a compact locally conformally product manifold

(
M
,
c
,
D
)

(M,c,D)

of dimension greater than

2
2

is adapted, in the sense that the Lee form of

D
D

with respect to

g
0

g_0

vanishes on the

D
D

-flat distribution of

M
M

. We also characterize adapted metrics as critical points of a natural functional defined on the conformal class.
Associations Between Psychological Factors and Adherence to Health Behaviors After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The Role of Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Douma Emma R , Kop Willem J , Kupper Nina
Published: March 2024

Background

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participation after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for coronary heart disease lowers the disease burden and risk of recurrent cardiac events. Examining psychological factors may improve post-PCI health behavior adherence.

Purpose

To determine whether psychological factors are associated with post-PCI health behavior adherence, and the role of CR participation.

Methods

Data from 1,682 patients (22.1% female, Mage = 64.0, SDage = 10.5 years) from the THORESCI cohort were included. Adjusted mixed models were used to examine associations between psychological factors and the 1-year course of health behaviors, using interactions to test for moderation by CR participation.

Results

Psychological factors were associated with the trajectories of adherence to medical advice, exercise, and diet. The strongest association found was between optimism and the trajectory of dietary adherence (B: = −0.09, p = .026). Patients with high optimism levels had a worse trajectory of dietary adherence compared to patients with low to middle optimism levels. Participation in CR buffered the associations of high anxiety, pessimism, and low to middle resilience, but strengthened the associations of high stress in the past year with the probability of smoking.

Conclusions

Psychological factors are associated with post-PCI health behavior adherence, but the pattern of associations is complex. Patients with high levels of anxiety, pessimism, and low to middle resilience levels may disproportionately benefit from CR. Cardiac rehabilitation programs could consider this to improve post-PCI health behavior adherence.

Clinical Trials Registration #

NCT02621216.
Research on arthropod vectors of plant pathogens in a post-Subsection Cc world: current status and future prospects
Authors: Mauck Kerry E , Eigenbrode Sanford D
Published: March 2024

The study of herbivorous arthropod vectors of plant pathogens has been a subdiscipline within entomology for more than a century. It was recognized as a unique field with the establishment of a Subsection (Cc) in the Entomological Society of America (ESA) from 1953 through 2007. During that period, work in the field expanded from an initial emphasis on management of vector-borne plant pathogens to include biology of the pathosystems. Since 2007, when ESA reorganized the subsections within the society, work on herbivorous vectors of plant pathogens has continued to grow. This article briefly summarizes the work in this field prior to, during, and after the ESA Subsection Cc era. We identify and describe 4 research areas that have characterized the field since 2007: Molecular mechanisms of vector–plant interactions, managing vectors and pathogen transmission in agriculture, illuminating the ecology of vectors and pathogens outside of crops, and pathogen manipulation of host phenotypes and vector behavior. We then identify 10 frontiers and prospects for the field in the coming years that build on these 4 research areas, ranging from molecular and cellular aspects to ramifications for managed and natural ecosystems. We also examine trends in funding and professional opportunities for scientists working on herbivorous vectors and pathogens. Finally, we renew the call for greater integration of work addressing vector-borne plant, animal, and human pathogens due to fundamental similarities in their biology and importance for human well-being within an expanded understanding of the “One Health” paradigm, which currently emphasizes human and animal health.
Jurisdictional challenges under section 67 and section 30(1)(b): reflections on procedural irregularity in tribunal constitution
Authors: Goh Nelson , Newton James
Published: March 2024

This article explores the Law Commission’s proposed reforms to section 67 of the English Arbitration Act 1996 and, in particular, the missed opportunity to establish a threshold test for challenges to the substantive jurisdiction of an arbitral tribunal. The current reforms are chiefly concerned with the manner through which the English Courts are to conduct a section 67 challenge, rather than the principles to be applied. Through a comparative assessment of the approach in other jurisdictions, we propose that a two-factor test be introduced that requires any challenge of substantive jurisdiction to demonstrate a breach that (i) is more than de minimis and (ii) results in material prejudice. Such a test would help to dissuade frivolous challenges, bolster England as a pro-arbitration destination, and bring England further into line with other, well-respected jurisdictions that impose similar tests.