bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Patients With Controlled Rheumatoid Arthritis Taper Methotrexate From Targeted Therapy and Sustain Remission? A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Meng Charis F. , Rajesh Diviya A. , Jannat-Khah Deanna P. , Jivanelli Bridget , Bykerk Vivian P.
Published: August 2022

Objective

To determine the risk of not being able to sustain remission after tapering methotrexate (MTX) from targeted therapy in patients with controlled rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies reporting remission outcomes after tapering MTX from targeted therapies in RA. Full-text articles and abstracts reported in English were included. Metaanalyses were conducted using random-effects models. Forest and funnel plots were created.

Results

A total of 10 articles were included. Studies evaluated MTX being tapered from combination treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, tocilizumab, abatacept, and tofacitinib. A total of 9 studies used a randomized design and 1 was observational. Out of 10 studies, 3 focused on early RA (ie, < 1 yr). The MTX-tapering strategy was gradual in 2 studies and rapid in 8 studies. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 18 months in randomized trials and up to 3 years in the observational study. Our metaanalysis, which included 2000 participants with RA from 10 studies, showed that patients who tapered MTX from targeted therapy had a 10% reduction in the ability to sustain remission and an overall pooled risk ratio of 0.90 (95% CI 0.84-0.97). There was no heterogeneity (I2= 0%,P= 0.94). Our funnel plot indicated minimal publication bias.

Conclusion

Patients with controlled RA may taper MTX from targeted therapy with a 10% reduction in the ability to sustain remission for up to 18 months. Longer follow-up studies with attention to radiographic, functional, and patient-reported outcomes are needed. The risk of disease worsening should be discussed with the patient with careful follow-up and prompt retreatment of disease worsening.
Modern Talent Management
Authors: Talukdar Mohammad Rafiqul Islam , Lamagna Carmen Z. , Lamagna Dulce Corazon Z.
Published: August 2022

The chapter builds on a conceptual and theoretical understanding of talent management. It documents the notions and essence of talent management in modern organizations, especially in modern knowledge-based organizations, and frames a theoretical framework for talent management at present. It explains the fundamental link between talent management and human capital theory and answers three featured questions: Why is talent management so crucial in 21st-century organizations? How can talent strategy be reinvented to support digitalization? What are the changing landscape and evolving concerns of talent management and their implications for knowledge organizations in the post-pandemic paradigm?
Learn, Unlearn, and Relearn
Authors: Ghosh Nabanita , Srivastava Anubha , Kumar Sunita , Gnanaraj Daniel
Published: August 2022

The world on a whole has undergone a paradigm shift in its journey with the onset of the COVID-19 threat. Business houses of any stature tremendously suffered towards their consistent and competitive survival. Means and measures are few to implement and very challenging in reaping the benefits. Sheer fall in GDP, dropping in the rate of industrialization and productivity are no unknown facts in the present-day scenario. Indians are unfortunate to embrace the pandemic at the juncture of planning and forecasting of India becoming a five trillion dollar economy by 2025.
The Importance of Arugula (Eruca sativa) and Pharmacological Effects of Different Phytochemical Components in Its Content for Human Health
Authors: Ateş Duru Özlem , Özcan Araç Fatma Özsel , Aldemir Ozan
Published: August 2022

Rocket salad (Eruca sativa), a member of the Brassicaceae family, is an important vegetable for human health because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenesis properties, as well as its rich chemical composition. Important phytochemical substances in rocket salad, including flavonoids and glucosinolates, have an important function in human health protection. These components can scavenge free radicals, reduce lipid peroxidation, and have anticancer effects by activating apoptosis in cancer cells. As a result, in terms of defending human health, it is believed that the consumption of this vegetable has a significant role in protecting against diseases caused by numerous factors and in the healthy functioning of the body's immune system.
Spillover of COVID-19
Authors: Ozili Peterson K. , Arun Thankom
Published: August 2022

How did a health crisis translate to an economic crisis? Why did the spread of the coronavirus bring the global economy to its knees? The answer lies in two methods by which coronavirus stifled economic activities. First, the spread of the virus encouraged social distancing which led to the shutdown of financial markets, corporate offices, businesses and events. Second, the exponential rate at which the virus was spreading, and the heightened uncertainty about how bad the situation could get, led to flight to safety in consumption and investment among consumers, investors and international trade partners. We focus on the period from the start of 2020 through March when the coronavirus began spreading into other countries and markets. We draw on real-world observations in assessing the restrictive measures, monetary policy measures, fiscal policy measures and the public health measures that were adopted during the period. We empirically examine the impact of social distancing policies on economic activities and stock market indices. We also empirically the effect of COVID infection cases and COVID deaths on macroeconomic performance during the 2020 to 2021 period. The findings reveal that the increasing number of lockdown days, monetary policy decisions and international travel restrictions severely affected the level of economic activities and the closing, opening, lowest and highest stock price of major stock market indices. We also find that the rising number of COVID cases and rising death cases led to a significant increase in global inflation rate, global unemployment rate, and global energy commodity index.
Human Resource Management Effects Functioning on Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Ilic Biljana Stojan , Al Salaimeh Safwan , Andjelic Slavica S. , Djukic Gordana P.
Published: August 2022

The “speed” of modern business—as well as changes in the environment—have led administrative organizations on the path of additional challenges. These organizations tirelessly strive for the realization of advanced systems, adapting their business to modern ideas and trends and gaining market advantage. In this way, organizations become modern and contemporary in their understandings of internal functioning. The study presented by the authors in the chapter aimed to determine the impact of human resource management (HRM) functions on the balanced scorecard in Jordanian public joint-stock companies. In the research, adequate statistical and descriptive methods were used. The results of the study recommend the creation of an organizational culture that promotes the optimal and effective use of HRM functions in the organizational environment.
On the uniqueness of multi-breathers of the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation
Authors: Semenov Alexander
Published: August 2022

We consider the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation, and prove that given any sum

P

of solitons and breathers (with distinct velocities), there exists a solution

p

such that

p(t) - P(t) \to 0

when

t\rightarrow+\infty

, which we call multi-breather. In order to do this, we work at the

H^{2}

level (even if usually solitons are considered at the

H^{1}

level). We will show that this convergence takes place in any

H^{s}

space and that this convergence is exponentially fast in time. We also show that the constructed multi-breather is unique in two cases: in the class of solutions which converge to the profile

P

faster than the inverse of a polynomial of a large enough degree in time (we will call this a super polynomial convergence), or when all the velocities are positive (without any hypothesis on the convergence rate).
Ti6Al4V Alaşımının SLM Yöntemiyle Üretilmesinde Taguchi Metodu Kullanılarak Proses Parametrelerinin Optimizasyonu
Authors: AYDIN Dilara Selma , ÖZSOY Arif Lütfi , YILDIRIM Çağrı Vakkas
Published: August 2022

Eklemeli imalat yöntemi, geleneksel imalat yöntemleriyle üretimi zor ya da mümkün olmayan, karmaşık geometriye sahip parçaların üretiminde önemli iyileştirmeler sunmaktadır. Ancak, çıktı kalitesinin istenilen seviyede olup olmadığı sorusu güncelliğini korumaktadır. Dolayısıyla, optimum üretim parametrelerinin elde edilmesi çıktı kalitesini artırmak adına oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Seçici Lazer Ergitme (SLM) yöntemiyle üretilmiş Ti6Al4V alaşımının farklı proses parametreleri kullanılarak bir dizi deney gerçekleştirilmiştir. Böylece, dört farklı parametre ve seviyelerinin yüzey kalitesi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yüzey kalitesinin analizi sırasında ortalama yüzey pürüzlülüğü (Ra) çıktı parametresi olarak belirlenmiştir. Deney tasarımı, Taguchi L16 dikey dizini kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Proses parametrelerinin sonuç üzerindeki etkisini göstermek için ANOVA analizi yapılmıştır. Deney sonuçlarının analiziyle birlikte en iyi yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerinin 75 µm lazer odak çapı, 60 µm tarama mesafesi, 150 mm/s tarama hızı ve 250 W lazer gücü kombinasyonundan elde edildiği görülmüştür.
The Type II Topp-Leone-G Power Series Distribution with Applications on Bladder Cancer
Authors: Makubate Boikanyo , Matsuokwane Marang , Oluyede Broderick O. , Gabaitiri Lesego , Chamunorwa Simbarashe
Published: August 2022

Statistical distributions are important in modeling the real life of an item and therefore proper distributions that provide useful information for sound conclusions and decisions are needed. For that reason, the demand for developing new generalized distributions have become appropriate for data that have both monotonic and non-monotonic hazard rate functions. In this paper, we develop a new distribution called the Type II Topp-Leone-G Power Series (TIITLGPS) distribution by compounding the Type II Topp-Leone-G (TIITLG) distribution with the power series distribution. Statistical properties of the TIITLGPS distribution are obtained. A variety of shapes for the densities and hazard rate are presented of the considered special case. A simulation study to examine the efficiency of the maximum likelihood estimates is also conducted. Finally, the bladder cancer data example is analyzed for illustrative purposes, it is displayed that the introduced distribution provides better fit when compared to other non-nested distributions considered in this work.
The RITaK Conferences. 2013-2014: Raw Materials, Innovation, Technology of Ancient Cultures - RITaK 1
Authors: Knopf Thomas , David Alexandra , Rehfeld Dieter , Hillebrandt Frank , von Rüden Constance , Roos Michael , Scharl Silviane , Timberlake Simon , Klaunzer Michael , Löffler Ingolf , Viehweider Barbara , Kowarik Kerstin , Wurzer Gabriel , Reschreiter Hans , Mölders Doreen , Hernández Carlos Martín , Stos-Gale Zofia Anna , Nimicos Sophia , Könemann Patrick , Hillberg Volker , Merkel Stephen William , Straßburger Martin , Asrih Lena
Published: August 2022

Globally, raw materials play a central role and are a key factor in determining the economic power and growth of modern states, confederations and coalitions. The extraction and supply of raw materials is a main driving force in global trade today, but has also profoundly influenced human economic and cultural history. In order to elucidate the importance of mineral ores in pre-modern societies, PhD students and staff at the Leibniz graduate school “Raw Materials, Innovation and Technology of Ancient Cultures” [RITaK] – a co-operation between the German Mining Museum [Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, DBM] and the Ruhr-University Bochum [RUB] – were involved in interdisciplinary research. This publication contains the results of the international RITaK end-of-project conference, held from the 27th-29th of September, as well as contributions to the RITaK workshop “Perspectives for an Economic Archaeology”, held on the 22nd and 23rd of November 2013. At a theoretical and model-building level, the first seven articles provide archaeological, sociological and economic perspectives on the diverse economic, cognitive, cultural and social feedback processes set in motion by the appropriation and use of raw materials. The following contributions focus on different archaeological and historical cultures in Europe, Central Asia and the Mediterranean area from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages. Raw material processing and preparation, metal recycling, prehistoric and historic mining, the exchange mechanisms involving raw materials and their products, as well as technology and knowledge transfer, are all covered. Together, the 23 contributions to this volume offer the possibility for intensive engagement with the theme of resources and their influence on and entanglement with human behaviour, mentalities, knowledge acquisition, technological and social developments and even the relationship between people and their environments and the human appropriation of space.
COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL, PROXIMATE, AND in vitro ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC ANALYSES OF THE ROOT BARK EXTRACTS OF Nauclea latifolia Smith AND THE STEM BARK EXTRACTS OF Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
Authors: Anarado C. E. , Ejimofor N. U. , Chiadikobi O. M. , Obumselu O. F.
Published: August 2022

Diabetes Mellitus is a systemic metabolic disorder caused by relative or absolute insulin secretion deficiency or resistance, characterized by hyperglycemia. It has affected 5% of the world’s population and accounts for about 10 % of total health care expenditure in many countries. The present investigation was carried out to explore the proximate, phytochemical compositions and antihyperglycemic potentials of Nauclea latifolia Smith and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. The selected plant parts were subjected to solvent extraction using three solvents of varying polarity (hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol), followed by phytochemical screening. Some of the extracts were analyzed for their antihyperglycemic activity using in vitro assays such as α-amylase inhibition assay and glucose uptake by yeast cells. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, and glycosides in various amounts. The proximate composition revealed the following: moisture content (9.00 %); ash content (5.33 – 8.00 %), crude fiber (23.75 – 33.75 %); oil content (12.50 – 12.86 %) and carbohydrate (6.00 – 31.49 %). The results of the assays suggest that the methanol extract of the stem bark of Azadirachta indica A. Juss showed the highest value of inhibition (87.61 %) at 0.1 mg/ml concentration when compared to acarbose (56.0 %) used as the control/standard drug. It is noteworthy that various levels of inhibition are not concentration-dependent. The percent glucose uptake of methanol extract of Azadirachta indica A. Juss was recorded highest (49.49 %) at 1.0 mg/ml. This study’s finding favors the use of these medicinal plants for the management of diabetes which might be due to the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents inherent in them.
SODIUM SELENITE ABROGATES THE EFFECTS OF ARSENIC TOXICITY ON ORGAN INJURY BIOMARKERS IN THE BLOOD
Authors: D. O. Babayemi D. O. , Adeyi O. E. , Akinhanmi T. F. , Onunkwor B. O. , Akamo A. J. , Akanni O. I. , Keyede O. O. , Adeleke M. A. , Michael M. O. , Idhove F. E. , Mukaila S. A. , Ademuyiwa O.
Published: August 2022

Heavy metals are becoming ubiquitous in our environment due to its natural abundance and anthropogenic uses. Arsenic an example of heavy metal, can cause deleterious effects in numerous organs and biochemical pathways. Use of noninvasive testing procedures had been used in diagnosis, monitoring of pathological events during treatment. In order to investigate the effects of sodium selenite on biomarkers of organ injury in arsenic-exposed rats for a period of 5 weeks, twenty-four male albino rats divided into four groups (n = 6) were exposed to sodium arsenite (SA) and sodium selenite (SS). Group I (control) received only distilled water, groups II and III were exposed to 40 ppm SA in drinking water ad libtum, in addition group III received 0.25 mg/kg bwt SS orally and group IV received 0.25 mg/kg bwt SS orally only. Activities and levels of organ-injury markers were determined in the blood using spectrophotometric method. In the SA exposed group (group II), there were significant increases (p ˂ 0.05) in the activities of plasma xanthine oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, glutamate dehydrogenase, NAD glycohydrolase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, and levels of plasma nitric oxide and hydrogen sulphide (in plasma and erythrocyte) when compared to control. Sodium selenite administration abrogated the observed effects of SA exposure by decreasing the measured biomarkers to the normal level as observed in group III and IV. In conclusion, this results suggests the use of SS is safe and non-invasive approach for the prevention of SA-induced toxicity in humans.
Graph Operations Decreasing Values of Degree-Based Graph Entropies
Authors:   School of Information Science and Engineering Lanzhou University, China, Yan Jingzhi , Guan Feng ,   Mathematics Teaching and Research Group Lanzhou No.51 Senior High School, China
Published: August 2022

The degree-based graph entropy Id is a parametric measure derived from an information functional defined by vertex degrees of a graph, which is used to characterize the structure of complex networks. Determining minimal values of Id is challenging due to a lack of effective methods to analyze properties of minimal graphs. In this paper, we investigate minimal properties of the graph entropy in (n, m)-graphs and define two new graph operations, which can decrease the values of Id.
On Sombor Index of Graphs with a Given Number of Cut-Vertices
Authors:   aFaculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam, Hayat Sakander , Rehman Ansar ,   Faculty of Engineering Sciences, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Pakistan
Published: August 2022

Introduced by Gutman in 2021, the Sombor index is a novel graph-theoretic topological descriptor possessing potential applications in the modeling of thermodynamic properties of compounds. Let H k n be the family of graphs on order n and k number of cutvertices having at least one cycle. In this paper, we present minimum Sombor indices of graphs in H k n. The corresponding extremal graphs have been characterized as well.
Assessing the effectiveness of complex dietary candidate probiotics on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capability, and intestinal microbiota of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi)
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Jing-Ru , Bai Dong-Qing , Luo Yun-Long , Yang Guang , Zhu Guo-Xia , Meng Qing-Hao
Published: August 2022

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three complex dietary candidate probiotics (LDJ, LAC, and LJD) composing different candidate probiotic combinations on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant parameters, and intestinal microbiota in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi). After a 60-days feeding trial, samples from the control and three candidate probiotic groups were obtained and analyzed. The results suggested that all complex dietary candidate probiotic treatments (LDJ, LAC, and LJD) improved the growth performance, nutrition utilization, and intestinal digestive enzyme activities compared with the control group. Furthermore, a dietary supplement with LAC or LJD is more efficient in growth and digestive enzyme than LDJ. The antioxidant enzyme activities, including SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and GPX (glutathione peroxidase), were intensively improved, the GSH (glutathione) contents increased, and the MDA (malondialdehyde) contents decreased to different extents depending on the tissues and kinds of candidate probiotics. Dietary candidate probiotics also regulated the intestinal microbiota composition: LDJ and LAC increased the proportion of potential candidate probiotics and reduced the level of pollutants reducing bacteria and geosmin producer Nannocystis. The LJD group had a similar pattern of the dominant bacteria to the control sample, suggesting a minor disturbance of the gut microbiota of koi carp. Overall, the multi-strain complex candidate probiotics LAC and LJD are more efficient in growth performance and digestive enzymes.
Prediction of Liver Diseases Using Neural Network Analysis
Authors:   Ministry of Health, King Saudi Arabia, S Alyabis Muhanna Abdulrahman
Published: August 2022

Liver is a vital organ in the body and works to filter blood from the digestive tract before passing it on to the rest of the body. Liver diseases are varied and may be assessed by liver function tests including ALT. The main objectives of this study were to use neural network analysis to predict liver disease, and to identify the relative contribution of liver disease predictors. A dataset of Indian liver patients posted on Kaggle was used to be analyzed for liver disease prediction. The dataset included 583 subjects among whom 71.4% had liver disease. Study predictors included age, gender, ALT, AST, bilirubin, albumin, total protein, albumin/globulin ratio, and alkaline phosphatase. The prediction model was effective in 79.6% predicting the liver disease. The most important predictor was ALT, and the least important predictor was alkaline phosphatase. Taken together, using neural network analysis is effective in predicting liver disease from one side and from another side, it can be improved to give more accurate results.
Cultura livre na educação: uma revisão da literatura sobre o uso de Tecnologias Livres, Ciência Aberta e Recursos Educacionais Abertos no ensino de Física e Engenharia
Authors: Freitas Marina de , Araujo Ives Solano , Heidemann Leonardo Albuquerque
Published: August 2022

Com o objetivo de compreender a abordagem das pesquisas em ensino de Física e Engenharia em relação aos preceitos e ferramentas da Cultura Livre – especialmente em relação aos movimentos de Ciência Aberta, Recursos Educacionais Abertos, Software Livre e Hardware Livre –, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura em periódicos dessa área de pesquisa. Identificou-se o protagonismo da aplicação de tecnologias livres em atividades didáticas, seguido da mobilização desses conceitos, e do de Recursos Educacionais Abertos, para a transformação social. Apesar do longo histórico do uso de tecnologias livres no ensino de física e engenharia, a área carece de discussões teóricas sobre as motivações e implicações do movimento de Cultura Livre para a educação e para a sociedade.
اصلاح معاشرہ کے لیے دعوت و تبلیغ کی ضرورت و اہمیت اوراس کا طریقہ کار
Authors: Ikramullah Dr. Muhammad , Haq Dr. Samil ul , Khan Dr. Muhammad Hayat
Published: August 2022

The purpose of Islamic society is to present Islam in practical form to the world for the guidance of humanity. Selfishness, fear and injustice become common within the society, when there is a decline in moral values. In this sense, it is important that the reformers continue the society reforms in every period to avoid deterioration in the society. The followers of Islam have a very effective system of reforming society in the form of the Islamic beliefs. The task of reforming the society can be done well by following the methods and principles set by the Holy Prophet. In this paper, an analysis of the necessary issues required for the reform of the society has been presented and it has been concluded that the reform of the society is not the responsibility of any individual, institution, or organization, but it is the duty of the entire Muslim Ummah to contribute to the reformation of the society, because the disaster of not reforming will befall the entire Ummah. Government and politics play an important role in the reformation or deterioration of the society. If there are measures for the reformation of the society on a large scale, there will be positive effects. Also, individuals are reformed by their educational institutions, but the curriculum and educational activities are deprived of this, so reforming measures should be included in it.
HUBUNGAN PERILAKU GAYA HIDUP DENGAN PENINGKATAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA DI GEREJA KATOLIK PAROKI SANTO PAULUS PASAR MERAH MEDAN TAHUN 2021
Authors: Fransiskus Sirait Josua , Derang Imelda , Novitarum Lilis
Published: August 2022

Background: Hypertension or the condition of increasing systolic and diastolic blood pressure, namely 140 mmHg/≥90 mmHg, is susceptible to the elderly. Lifestyle can be a trigger factor for hypertension, such as diet, physical activity, smoking habits and sleep patterns. There is a relationship between lifestyle behavior and increased blood pressure.

Methods: This type of descriptive correlation research with cross sectional approach method, total sampling sampling technique, the number of samples is 60 people. The instruments used in this study were lifestyle questionnaires and observation sheets. Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between lifestyle behavior and increased blood pressure in the elderly at the Catholic Church of the Santo Paulus Parish, Pasar Merah Medan.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a relationship between lifestyle behavior and increased blood pressure in the elderly at the St Paul's Parish Catholic Church, Pasar Merah Medan. It is hoped that the elderly will regularly control their blood pressure at the nearest health service such as health centers, posyandu and hospitals.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE, KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA PADA BEBERAPA JURNAL, META ANALISIS
Authors: Carolin Charen , Caesaria Meidy Aurora , Effendy Vicky , Meiden Carmel
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh profitbilitas, leverage, kepemilikan manajerial dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap manajemen laba perusahaan, dimana manajemen laba merupakan suatu konsep yang menjelaskan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh manajer perusahaan untuk menaikkan atau menurunkan laba yang akan dilaporkan ke dalam laporan keuangan perusahaan. Faktor yang memengaruhi diproksikan dengan menggunakan leverage yang berfokus pada Debt to Asset Ratio, profitabilitas yang berfokus pada Return On Asset, kepemilikan manajerial yang berfokus pada persentase kepemilikan saham manajerial, dan ukuran perusahaan yang berfokus pada total aset yang dimiliki perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan indikator Modified Jones Model untuk melihat pengaruh terhadap manajemen laba. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 51 artikel jurnal, dengan sampel sebanyak 24 artikel. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan data sekunder yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2018-2022. Analisis data diukur dengan menggunakan indikatorModified Jones Model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial (uji t) variabel profitabilitas, leverage, kepemilikan manajerial, dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen laba.
Evaluation of the High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO) methane retrievals during the summer 2019 ACT-America campaign
Authors: Barton-Grimley Rory A. , Nehrir Amin R. , Kooi Susan A. , Collins James E. , Harper David B. , Notari Anthony , Lee Joseph , DiGangi Joshua P. , Choi Yonghoon , Davis Kenneth J.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The NASA Langley Research Center High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO) is a multi-functional and modular lidar developed to
address the observational needs of NASA's weather, climate, carbon cycle,
and atmospheric composition focus areas. HALO measures atmospheric H2O
mixing ratios, CH4 mole fractions, and aerosol/cloud optical properties using the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) techniques. In 2019 HALO participated in the NASA Atmospheric Carbon and Transport – America campaign on board the NASA C-130 to complement a suite of greenhouse gas in situ sensors and provide, for the first time, simultaneous measurements of column CH4 and aerosol/cloud profiles. HALO operated in 18 of 19 science flights where the DIAL and
integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar techniques at 1645 nm were used for column and multi-layer measurements of CH4 mole fractions, and the HSRL and backscatter techniques were used at 532 and 1064 nm,
respectively, for retrievals of aerosol backscatter, extinction,
depolarization, and mixing layer heights. In this paper we present HALO's
measurement theory for the retrievals of column and multi-layer XCH4, retrieval accuracy, and precision including methods for bias correction and a comprehensive total column XCH4 validation comparison to in situ observations. Comparisons of HALO XCH4 to in situ-derived XCH4, collected during spiral ascents and descents, indicate a mean difference of 2.54 ppb and standard deviation (SD) of the differences of 16.66 ppb when employing 15 s along-track averaging (<3 km). A high correlation coefficient of R=0.9058 was observed for the 11 in situ spiral comparisons. Column XCH4 measured by HALO over regional scales covered by the ACT-America campaign is compared against in situ CH4 measurements carried out within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) from both the C-130 and B200 aircraft. Favorable correlation between the in situ point
measurements within the PBL and the remote column measurements from HALO
elucidates the sensitivity of a column-integrating lidar to CH4
variability within the PBL, where surface fluxes dominate the signal. Novel capabilities for CH4 profiling in regions of clear air using the DIAL technique are presented and validated for the first time. Additionally, profiling of CH4 is used to apportion the PBL absorption from the total column and is compared to previously reported IPDA cloud slicing techniques that estimate PBL columns using strong echoes from fair weather cumulus. The analysis presented here points towards HALO's ability to retrieve accurate and precise CH4 columns with the prospects for future multi-layer profiling in support of future suborbital campaigns.
Estimation of CH4 emission based on advanced 4D-LETKF assimilation system
Authors: Bisht Jagat S. H. , Patra Prabir K. , Takigawa Masayuki , Sekiya Takashi , Kanaya Yugo , Saitoh Naoko , Miyazaki Kazuyuki
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Methane (CH4) is the second major greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide (CO2) which is substantially increased during last decades in the atmosphere, raising serious sustainability and climate change issues. Here, we develop a data assimilation system for in situ and column averaged concentrations using Local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) to estimate surface emissions of CH4. The data assimilation performance is tested and optimized based on idealized settings using Observation System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) where a known surface emission distribution (the truth) is retrieved from synthetic observations. We tested three covariance inflation methods to avoid covariance underestimation in the emission estimates, namely; fixed multiplicative (FM), relaxation to prior spread (RTPS) and adaptive multiplicative. First, we assimilate the synthetic observations at every grid point at the surface level. In such a case of dense observational network, the normalized Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in the analyses over global land regions are smaller by 10–15 % in case of RTPS covariance inflation method compared to FM. We have shown that integrated estimated flux seasonal cycles over 15 regions using RTPS inflation are in reasonable agreement between true and estimated flux with 0.04 global absolute normalized annual mean bias. We have then assimilated the column averaged CH4 concentration by sampling the model simulations at GOSAT observation locations and time for another OSSE experiment. Similar to the case of dense observational network, RTPS covariance inflation method performs better than FM for GOSAT synthetic observation in terms of normalized RMSE (2–3 %) and integrated flux estimation comparison with the true flux. The annual mean averaged normalized RMSE (normalized absolute mean bias) in LETKF CH4 flux estimation in case of RTPS and FM covariance inflation is found to be 0.59 (0.18) and 0.61 (0.23) respectively. The chi-square test performed for GOSAT synthetic observations assimilation suggests high underestimation of background error covariance in both RTPS and FM covariance inflation methods, however, the underestimation is much high (>100 % always) for FM compared to RTPS covariance inflation method.
A user perspective on the avalanche danger scale – Insights from North America
Authors: Morgan Abby , Haegeli Pascal , Finn Henry , Mair Patrick
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Danger ratings are used across many fields to convey the severity of a hazard. In snow avalanche risk management, danger ratings play a prominent role in public bulletins by concisely describing existing and expected conditions. While there is considerable research examining the accuracy and consistency of the production of avalanche danger ratings, far less research has focused on how backcountry recreationists interpret and apply the scale. We used 3195 responses to an online survey to provide insight into how recreationists perceive the North American Public Avalanche Danger Scale and how they use ratings to make trip planning decisions. Using a latent class mixed effect model, our analysis shows that the most common perception of the danger scale is linear. People with a linear perception expect the hazard to increase in a stepwise fashion between levels. This understanding is contrary to the scientific understanding of the scale, which indicates an exponential-like increase in severity between levels. Regardless of perception, most respondents report avoiding the backcountry at the two highest ratings. Using conditional inference trees, we show that participants who recreate fewer days per year and those who have lower levels of avalanche safety training tend to rely more heavily on the danger rating to make trip planning decisions. These results provide avalanche warning services with a better understanding of how recreationists interact with danger ratings and highlight how critical the ratings are for individuals who recreate less often and who have lower levels of training. We discuss opportunities for avalanche warning services to optimize the danger scale to meet the needs of these users who depend on the ratings the most.
The effects of rain and evapotranspiration statistics on groundwater recharge estimations under semi-arid environments
Authors: Turkeltaub Tuvia , Bel Golan
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Better understanding the effects of rainfall and evapotranspiration statistics on groundwater recharge requires long time series of these climate variables. However, long records of the relevant variables are scarce. To overcome this limitation, time series of the rainfall and evapotranspiration are often being synthesized using different methods. Here, we attempt to study the dependence of estimated groundwater recharge on the synthesis methods. We focus on regions with semi-arid climate conditions and soil types. For this purpose, we used long records of climate data that were measured in two semi-arid locations with similar seasonal and annual potential evapotranspiration rates but different seasonal rain distributions. Stochastic daily rain and potential evapotranspiration time series were synthesized according to the monthly empirical distributions. This suggested synthesis method preserves only certain aspects of the measured statistics. Therefore, different correction methods were considered to match the synthesized time series to the measured annual or monthly statistics. Groundwater recharge fluxes were calculated using the 1D Richards equation, for several typical semi-arid soil types, and by prescribing the synthesized rain and potential evapotranspiration as atmospheric conditions. The estimated groundwater recharge fluxes are sensitive to the synthesis method. However, the ratio between the groundwater recharge and the total rain does not show the same sensitivity. The effects of the synthesis methods are shown to be independent of the data used as observations. These findings suggest that assessment of groundwater recharge under current and future climate conditions depend on the synthesis method used for rain and evapotranspiration.
Introducing SlideforMAP: a probabilistic finite slope approach for modelling shallow-landslide probability in forested situations
Authors: van Zadelhoff Feiko Bernard , Albaba Adel , Cohen Denis , Phillips Chris , Schaefli Bettina , Dorren Luuk , Schwarz Massimiliano
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Shallow landslides pose a risk to infrastructure and residential areas. Therefore, we developed SlideforMAP, a probabilistic model that allows for a regional assessment of shallow-landslide probability while considering the effect of different scenarios of forest cover, forest management and rainfall intensity. SlideforMAP uses a probabilistic approach by distributing hypothetical landslides to uniformly randomized coordinates in a 2D space. The surface areas for these hypothetical landslides are derived from a distribution function calibrated on observed events. For each generated landslide, SlideforMAP calculates a factor of safety using the limit equilibrium approach. Relevant soil parameters are assigned to the generated landslides from log-normal distributions based on mean and standard deviation values representative of the study area. The computation of the degree of soil saturation is implemented using a stationary flow approach and the topographic wetness index. The root reinforcement is computed by root proximity and root strength derived from single-tree-detection data. The ratio of unstable landslides to the number of generated landslides, per raster cell, is calculated and used as an index for landslide probability. We performed a calibration of SlideforMAP for three test areas in Switzerland with a reliable landslide inventory by randomly generating 1000 combinations of model parameters and then maximizing the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operation curve. The test areas are located in mountainous areas ranging from 0.5–7.5 km2 with mean slope gradients from 18–28∘. The density of inventoried historical landslides varies from 5–59 slides km−2. AUC values between 0.64 and 0.93 with the implementation of single-tree detection indicated a good model performance. A qualitative sensitivity analysis indicated that the most relevant parameters for accurate modelling of shallow-landslide probability are the soil thickness, soil cohesion and the precipitation intensity / transmissivity ratio. Furthermore, we show that the inclusion of single-tree detection improves overall model performance compared to assumptions of uniform vegetation. In conclusion, our study shows that the approach used in SlideforMAP can reproduce observed shallow-landslide occurrence at a catchment scale.
IDENTITY, ACULTURALITY AND COMMUNICATION IN THE EUROPEAN AREA
Authors:   Academia de Administrare Publică, Republica Moldova, Spinu Stela
Published: August 2022

This research focuses on the relationship between the concepts of identity, aculturality and intercultural communication. Identity, a complex process, which includes language, religion, culture, etc., must to be interpreted from individual and collective perspective. Part of the concept of identity is the cultural component, which gives value to the human being. From this perspective, the need for cultural identity is a condition of human mental balance; the need for alterity ensures a possibility of intercultural dialogue.
LABOR MIGRATION: POTENTIAL THREATS OR DIRECTIONS TO ENSURE ECONOMIC SECURITY
Authors:   Academia de Administrare Publică, Republica Moldova, Homitchi Nadejda , Cazacu Vitalie ,   Academia de Administrare Publică, Republica Moldova
Published: August 2022

In this article the authors analyze the dynamics of external labor migration as a factor of economic security of the Republic of Moldova, provide a forecast for the dynamics of external migration balance, using a mathematical model, taking into account the main problems and threats to economic security the influence of labor migration, as well as possible ways to overcome them.
Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography with Sulfobetaine Zwitterionic Polymer-Bonded Stationary Phases
Authors: Ali Mohammed Mahir Fahad Ali Mohammed Mahir Fahad , Ashraf Saad Rasheed and Hameed Hussien Ali Ashraf Saad Rasheed and Hameed Hussien Ali
Published: August 2022

A rapid method for simultaneous determination of two statin drugs based on zwitterionic chromatography (ZIC) had been developed and validated. The development method included examining the effects of chromatographic conditions, including the percentage of organic modifier, pH values, ionic strength of the acetate buffer, and the predominant retention mechanismand#39;s experimental determination. Separation developed by two zwitterionic stationary phases (100 mm and#215; 4.6 mm I.D., 3.5and#181;). The influence of various spacer lengths was being used as an examination tool on atorvastatin and rosuvastatin retention behaviours. Two zwitterionic stationary phases and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and acetate (pH = 4.75, 40 mM) in a ratio of 80:20 V/V were used to achieve optimum chromatographic conditions. The methods had been validated for linearity, accuracy, and precision. This validation shows that the ZIC-HILIC methods proposed were sufficient for quantification analysis of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. Quantifications were achieved with U.V. detection at 240 nm over the concentration range of 0.1–7.0 μg mL-1 for atorvastatin and rosuvastatin, respectively.
To Explore the Effect of Injection Molding Processing Parameters on Crazing in Acrylic Polymers
Authors: Rafiq Ahmed Rafiq Ahmed , Asim Mushtaq Asim Mushtaq , Saud Hashmi Saud Hashmi , Sindhia Abbasi and Zaeem Uddin Ali Sindhia Abbasi and Zaeem Uddin Ali
Published: August 2022

Plastic manufacturing industry is the fastest growing industry as the demand for plastic products is exponentially growing worldwide. Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), also known as acrylic glass, is a transparent and rigid thermoplastic. PMMA is highly resistant to UV light. Weathering has an excellent light transmission and unlimited coloring options compared to other transparent plastic and has been used in wide applications such as architecture, automotive and transportation, lighting (LED lights), medical and healthcare, and furniture. Injection molding is the widely used plastic manufacturing process to produce plastic products for various applications. The quality of the plastic products depends on the injection molding parameters, viz. melting temperature, injection speed, and pressure, holding and cooling time, and holding pressure. Therefore, it is important to control injection molding parameters to reduce injection molding defects or parts. Hence, the main objective of this research is to optimize the injection molding parameters, including the amount of mold releasing agent, to avoid the crazing marks in PMMA which is a long-standing problem in the production of PMMA products or parts such as motorbike headlight lenses. Three different holding pressures (65, 75, and 85 kg/cm2) were varied against three different injection pressures (70, 80, and 90 kg/cm2). The injection speed (60 %), cooling time (4 s), and barrel zones temperature (185-205: 185-205: 190-210: 195-215) were kept constant not to disturb the production cycle, a constraint from the production industry. The minimum criteria required for the motorbike headlight lens selection was based on the LUX intensity test, density, and crazing demanded by the Japanese standard throughout this research. The optimized injection molding parameters and amount of mold releasing agent (Nabakem mold release R2) were 70 kg/cm2 (injection pressure), 65 kg/cm2 (holding pressure), and 1.18 g, respectively. The motorbike headlight lens produced with optimized injection molding parameters showed no crazing. In addition to the desired LUX intensity, density, and no crazing criteria, the motorbike headlight lens also showed improved impact properties and no substantial changes in mechanical properties when compared to virgin PMMA or literature. Hence, it is concluded that the optimized injection molding parameters (thermo-mechanical history) did not much affect the molecular weight and morphology of the PMMA.
Molecular characterization of Clinical carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from two tertiary care hospitals in Indonesia
Authors: Homenta Heriyannis , Julyadharma Julyadharma , Rosa Saharman Yulia , Kuntaman Kuntaman , Susianti Hani , Santosaningsih Dewi , Noorhamdani Noorhamdani
Published: August 2022

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is an important pathogenic bacterium that can cause nosocomial infection in hospitalized patients with various manifestations. The purposes of this recent study were to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, carbapenemase-producing phenotypic and genotypic of CRAB in two tertiary care hospitals in Indonesia. Methods: A. baumannii isolates collected from patient’s clinical cultures in two tertiary care hospitals in Malang and Manado were included. Identifications of meropenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates with the vitek2® system results, followed by a sensitivity test using 10 µg imipenem antibiotic disc according to CLSI guidelines to fulfill the criteria as CRAB isolates. We assessed carbapenemase-production using mCIM and eCIM, and determined the presence of blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA-23 carbapenemase resistance genes using simplex PCR. Results: 73 CRAB were collected from hospitalized patients, of which 30 CRAB from Manado and 43 CRAB from Malang. The largest number of samples came from sputum and indicates that XDR has also occurred in all CRAB isolates. Carbapenemase-production test using mCIM obtained positive results on 29 samples (96.7%) and 42 samples (97.7%) in Manado and Malang, respectively. The eCIM showed metallo-β-lactamase was dominant in two tertiary care hospitals. The prevalence of carbapenemase resistance genes was obtained blaOXA-23 and blaNDM ranged between 60% - 90.7% and 3.3% - 4.6%, respectively. blaKPC gene was not detected. Conclusions: We showed that CRAB isolates positive result of carbapenemase-production and carbapenemase resistance genes of blaOXA-23 seem to be dominant in two tertiary care hospitals in Malang and Manado, Indonesia. A national prevention and surveillance system should be prepared to reduce and limiting transmission of CRAB isolates.
Essential phospholipids in fatty liver diseases
Authors: Minarik Peter , Koscova Eva
Published: August 2022

The liver is an important organ of metabolism and the immune system. An oversupply of carbohydrates or excessive alcohol consumption can trigger inflammatory processes and lead to the development of fatty liver disease. A literature review based on 25 studies showed positive effects after the use of essential phospholipids.