bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
6-minute walk distance is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: du Bois Roland M. , Albera Carlo , Bradford Williamson Z. , Costabel Ulrich , Leff Jonathan A. , Noble Paul W. , Sahn Steven A. , Valeyre Dominique , Weycker Derek , King Talmadge E.
Published: December 2013

6-min walk distance (6MWD) has recently been shown to be associated with the risk of mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); however, the independent contribution of 6MWD to the prediction of mortality risk has not been evaluated in a large, well-defined population of patients with IPF.

A Cox proportional hazards model was used to characterise the relationship between risk factors of interest and all-cause mortality in IPF patients who completed a week 24 study visit in a clinical trial evaluating interferon γ-1b (n=748). Risk factors of interest included the independent predictors of mortality in the previously published clinical prediction model together with 6MWD and 24-week change in 6MWD.

Baseline 6MWD <250 m was associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of mortality (hazard ratio 2.12, 95% CI 1.15–3.92) and a 24-week decline in 6MWD >50 m was associated with a nearly three-fold increase in mortality risk (hazard ratio 2.73; 95% CI 1.60–4.66). Inclusion of 6MWD data improved model discrimination compared with the original model (C-statistic 0.80 (95% CI 0.76–0.85)versus0.75 (0.71–0.79)).

Both 6MWD and change in 6MWD are independent predictors of mortality in patients with IPF. The addition of 6MWD to the clinical prediction model improves model discrimination compared with the original model.
Caspase 3 involves in neuroplasticity, microglial activation and neurogenesis in the mice hippocampus after intracerebral injection of kainic acid
Authors: Tzeng Tsai-Teng , Tsay Huey-Jen , Chang Luping , Hsu Chia-Lin , Lai Tzu-Hsuan , Huang Fong-Lee , Shiao Young-Ji
Published: December 2013

Background

The roles of caspase 3 on the kainic acid-mediated neurodegeneration, dendritic plasticity alteration, neurogenesis, microglial activation and gliosis are not fully understood. Here, we investigate hippocampal changes using a mouse model that receive a single kainic acid-intracerebral ventricle injection. The effects of caspase 3 inhibition on these changes were detected during a period of 1 to 7 days post kainic acid injection.

Result

Neurodegeneration was assessed by Fluoro-Jade B staining and neuronal nuclei protein (NeuN) immunostaining. Neurogenesis, gliosis, neuritic plasticity alteration and caspase 3 activation were examined using immunohistochemistry. Dendritic plasticity, cleavvage-dependent activation of calcineurin A and glial fibrillary acidic protein cleavage were analyzed by immunoblotting. We found that kainic acid not only induced neurodegeneration but also arouse several caspase 3-mediated molecular and cellular changes including dendritic plasticity, neurogenesis, and gliosis. The acute caspase 3 activation occurred in pyramidal neurons as well as in hilar interneurons. The delayed caspase 3 activation occurred in astrocytes. The co-injection of caspase 3 inhibitor did not rescue kainic acid-mediated neurodegeneration but seriously and reversibly disturb the structural integrity of axon and dendrite. The kainic acid-induced events include microglia activation, the proliferation of radial glial cells, neurogenesis, and calcineurin A cleavage were significantly inhibited by the co-injection of caspase 3 inhibitor, suggesting the direct involvement of caspase 3 in these events. Alternatively, the kainic acid-mediated astrogliosis is not caspase 3-dependent, although caspase 3 cleavage of glial fibrillary acidic protein occurred.

Conclusions

Our results provide the first direct evidence of a causal role of caspase 3 activation in the cellular changes during kainic acid-mediated excitotoxicity. These findings may highlight novel pharmacological strategies to arrest disease progression and control seizures that are refractory to classical anticonvulsant treatment.
Comparison of sample characteristics in two pregnancy cohorts: community-based versus population-based recruitment methods
Authors: Leung Brenda MY , McDonald Sheila W , Kaplan Bonnie J , Giesbrecht Gerald F , Tough Suzanne C
Published: December 2013

Background

One of the biggest challenges for population health studies is the recruitment of participants. Questions that investigators have asked are “who volunteers for studies?” and “does recruitment method influence characteristics of the samples?” The purpose of this paper was to compare sample characteristics of two unrelated pregnancy cohort studies taking place in the same city, in the same time period, that employed different recruitment strategies, as well as to compare the characteristics of both cohorts to provincial and national statistics derived from the Maternity Experiences Survey (MES).

Methods

One pregnancy cohort used community-based recruitment (e.g. posters, pamphlets, interviews with community media and face-to-face recruitment in maternity clinics); the second pregnancy cohort used both community-based and population-based (a centralized system identifying pregnant women undergoing routine laboratory testing) strategies.

Results

The pregnancy cohorts differed in education, income, ethnicity, and foreign-born status (p < 0.01), but were similar for maternal age, BMI, and marital status. Compared to the MES, the lowest age, education, and income groups were under-represented, and the cohorts were more likely to be primiparous.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that non-stratified strategies for recruitment of participants will not necessarily result in samples that reflect the general population, but can reflect the target population of interest. Attracting and retaining young, low resource women into urban studies about pregnancy may require alternate and innovative approaches.
A nationwide population-based study of the inflammatory bowel diseases between 1998 and 2008 in Taiwan
Authors: Wei Shu-Chen , Lin Meng-Hung , Tung Chien-Chih , Weng Meng-Tzu , Kuo Jen-Shin , Shieh Ming-Jium , Wang Cheng-Yi , Ho Wen-Chao , Wong Jau-Min , Chen Pau-Chung
Published: December 2013

Background

The incidence of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), has been increasing in Asia. We probed the nationwide registered database to assess the incidence, prevalence, gender distribution, age of diagnosis and the survival status of IBD patients in Taiwan.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the registered database compiled by the National Health Insurance provided by the Department of Health, Taiwan, from January 1998 through December 2008.

Results

A total of 1591 IBD patients were registered from 1998 to 2008 in Taiwan (CD: 385; UC: 1206). The incidence of CD increased from 0.19/100,000 in 1998 to 0.24/100,000 in 2008. The incidence of UC increased from 0.61/100,000 in 1998 to 0.94/100,000 in 2008. The prevalence of CD increased from 0.19/100,000 in 1998 to 1.78/100,000 in 2008. The prevalence of UC increased from 0.61/100,000 in 1998 to 7.62/100,000 in 2008. Male to female ratio for CD was 2.22 and 1.64 for UC. Age of registered for CD was predominantly between 20 to 39, and for UC between 30 to 49 years of age. The standardized mortality ratio (95% CI) was 4.97 (3.72–6.63) for CD and 1.78 (1.46–2.17) for UC, from 1998 to 2008 in Taiwan.

Conclusions

Using the Taiwan nationwide database for IBD, the incidence and prevalence of IBD in Taiwan significantly increased from 1998 to 2008. The mortality rate was higher for CD patients than UC patients, and both were higher than the general population.
The influence of ACE ID and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms on lower-extremity function in older women in response to high-speed power training
Authors: Pereira Ana , Costa Aldo M , Leitão José C , Monteiro António M , Izquierdo Mikel , Silva António J , Bastos Estela , Marques Mário C
Published: December 2013

Background

We studied the influence of the ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms (single or combined) on lower-extremity function in older women in response to high-speed power training.

Methods

One hundred and thirty-nine healthy older Caucasian women participated in this study (age: 65.5 ± 8.2 years, body mass: 67.0 ± 10.0 kg and height: 1.57 ± 0.06 m). Walking speed (S10) performance and functional capacity assessed by the “get-up and go” (GUG) mobility test were measured at baseline (T1) and after a consecutive 12-week period of high-speed power training (40-75% of one repetition maximum in arm and leg extensor exercises; 3 sets 4–12 reps, and two power exercises for upper and lower extremity). Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples, and genotyping analyses were performed by PCR methods. Genotype distributions between groups were compared by Chi-Square test and the gains in physical performance were analyzed by two-way, repeated-measures ANOVA.

Results

There were no significant differences between genotype groups in men or women for adjusted baseline phenotypes (P > 0.05). ACE I/D and ACTN3 polymorphisms showed a significant interaction genotype-training only in S10 (P = 0.012 and P = 0.044, respectively) and not in the GUG test (P = 0.311 and P = 0.477, respectively). Analyses of the combined effects between genotypes showed no other significant differences in all phenotypes (P < 0.05) at baseline. However, in response to high-speed power training, a significant interaction on walking speed (P = 0.048) was observed between the “power” (ACTN3 RR + RX & ACE DD) versus “non-power” muscularity-oriented genotypes (ACTN3 XX & ACE II + ID)].

Conclusions

Thus, ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms are likely candidates in the modulation of exercise-related gait speed phenotype in older women but not a significant influence in mobility traits.
Diffusion and interaction in PEG-DA hydrogels
Authors: Hagel Valentin , Haraszti Tamás , Boehm Heike
Published: December 2013

Polyethylenglycol (PEG) hydrogels are widely used as tuneable substrates for biological and technical applications due to their good biocompatibility and their high hydrophilicity. Here we compare the mesh size and diffusion characteristics of PEG hydrogels by analyzing the diffusion of solutes with different, well-defined sizes over long and short time scales. Interestingly, one can tune the mesh size and the density of the gel simply by changing the inital concentrations of the PEG-diacrylate (PEG-DA) polymer, which also enhances the solute uptake in equilibrium through the interaction with the PEG chains. This increased uptake can be characterized by an enhancement factor determined by partition ratio analysis. It increases linearly with the polymer volume fraction, but is not caused by immobilization inside the hydrogel as evident from FRAP measurements, thus rendering these hydrogels ideal materials for i.e. drug delivery applications.
An epidemiological investigation into the association between biomarkers and growth performance in nursery pigs
Authors: Slifierz Mackenzie J , Friendship Robert , de Lange Cornelius FM , Rudar Marko , Farzan Abdolvahab
Published: December 2013

Background

Biomarkers are useful tools in research and clinical practice where they are often used to detect and monitor differences in the physiological state of an animal. The proteins IGF-1, IGFBP-3, GHR, CRP, SAA, Hp, IFN-α, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18 have been proposed as potential biomarkers for monitoring growth in livestock. The objective of this study was to determine whether hepatic gene expression of these proposed biomarkers is associated with growth performance in nursery pigs. Herd information and growth parameters were collected for 168 piglets from 8 commercial farms in southern Ontario. From these pigs, a subset of liver tissue samples (n = 74) was used for gene expression analysis of the proposed biomarkers. Multivariable linear regression methods were used to determine whether genetic expression of the proposed biomarkers was associated with growth performance in the nursery.

Results

Modelling the herd information and individual piglet traits in relation to growth performance revealed that the weight at weaning and the age at weaning are significantly associated with nursery performance. Average daily gain (ADG) was significantly associated with hepatic IGFBP-3 and GHR expression in the liver (P < 0.05), and tended to be associated with hepatic IGF-1 expression (P = 0.071). Similarly, 9-week body weight was significantly associated with hepatic expression of IGFBP-3 and GHR expression (P < 0.05), and tended to be associated with hepatic expression of IGF-1 (P = 0.055).

Conclusion

The age and weight at which pigs are weaned is an important determinant for nursery performance. Hepatic gene expression of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and GHR can be useful biomarkers for monitoring growth performance in nursery pigs.
Harmonic and biharmonic biases in potential field inversion
Authors: Silva João B. C. , Santos Darcicléa F. , Garabito German
Published: December 2013

We found that minimum [Formula: see text]-norm and smoothness-constrained continuous solutions of the linear inverse problem of potential field data are harmonic and biharmonic, respectively. In the case of a discrete distribution, the minimum [Formula: see text]-norm and smoothness-constrained solutions become biased toward being harmonic or biharmonic, respectively. As a result, the estimated discrete distribution of density or magnetization contrast tends to be smooth and to satisfy the maximum principle, which forces the solution maxima and minima to lie on any boundary of the discretized region. The above findings were illustrated with 2D numerical examples. The harmonic or biharmonic bias is brought forth when the strengths of the minimum [Formula: see text]-norm or the smoothness constraint are enhanced (relative to all other constraints) by approximating the continuous case (a large number of discretizing cells relative to the number of independent observations) and/or by using a regularizing parameter. We discovered that, by inspecting the rearranged normal equations, it is possible to qualify three different possibilities of designing nonharmonic estimators. Then we found that all three possibilities have in fact already been implemented in the literature, reinforcing, in this way, the validity of the theoretical demonstration.
Least-squares reverse time migration of multiples
Authors: Zhang Dongliang , Schuster Gerard T.
Published: December 2013

The theory of least-squares reverse time migration of multiples (RTMM) is presented. In this method, least squares migration (LSM) is used to image free-surface multiples where the recorded traces are used as the time histories of the virtual sources at the hydrophones and the surface-related multiples are the observed data. For a single source, the entire free-surface becomes an extended virtual source where the downgoing free-surface multiples more fully illuminate the subsurface compared to the primaries. Since each recorded trace is treated as the time history of a virtual source, knowledge of the source wavelet is not required and the ringy time series for each source is automatically deconvolved. If the multiples can be perfectly separated from the primaries, numerical tests on synthetic data for the Sigsbee2B and Marmousi2 models show that least-squares reverse time migration of multiples (LSRTMM) can significantly improve the image quality compared to RTMM or standard reverse time migration (RTM) of primaries. However, if there is imperfect separation and the multiples are strongly interfering with the primaries then LSRTMM images show no significant advantage over the primary migration images. In some cases, they can be of worse quality. Applying LSRTMM to Gulf of Mexico data shows higher signal-to-noise imaging of the salt bottom and top compared to standard RTM images. This is likely attributed to the fact that the target body is just below the sea bed so that the deep water multiples do not have strong interference with the primaries. Migrating a sparsely sampled version of the Marmousi2 ocean bottom seismic data shows that LSM of primaries and LSRTMM provides significantly better imaging than standard RTM.

A potential liability of LSRTMM is that multiples require several round trips between the reflector and the free surface, so that high frequencies in the multiples suffer greater attenuation compared to the primary reflections. This can lead to lower resolution in the migration image compared to that computed from primaries. Another liability is that the multiple migration image is more down-dip limited than the standard primaries migration image. Finally, if the surface-related multiple elimination method is imperfect and there are strong multiples interfering with the primaries, then the resulting LSRTMM image can be significantly degraded. We conclude that LSRTMM can be a useful complement, not a replacement, for RTM of primary reflections.
Tampering with Scholarly Form
Authors: Perl Jeffrey M.
Published: December 2013

This editorial note introduces the second of three issues of Common Knowledge dedicated to experiments in scholarly form. The first appeared in Winter 1996 and was introduced by a dialogue between two editorial board members, Greil Marcus and Hugh Kenner, who differed over whether tampering with set scholarly forms should be regarded as a serious business (Marcus) or as a matter of fun (Kenner). Philosophically, this note explains, the journal takes exception to distinctions of the form-versus-content variety — a resistance that stems from desire for peaceful transactions in intellectual life. But though the desire for peace, like any other, can be uncompromising, this one recoils from its own strength and requires indirect expression. One way, it is argued, to achieve indirection is to tamper with forms in which a strong position finds natural expression. Tampering, for instance, with the distinction between narrative history and fiction, or between discursive philosophy and poetry, is a time-honored maneuver. Hence the appearance in this special issue of three pieces (by historians Natalie Zemon Davis, Sir Keith Thomas, and Colin Richmond) on microhistory, along with the first installment of a two-part symposium on “lyric philosophy” and a “pseudepigraphon” premised on its author's conviction that not-for-credit truths are credible only if they appear to be fabrications.
The Composition Classroom and the Political Sex Scandal
Authors: Dresner Lisa M.
Published: December 2013

This article details a newspaper-based composition exercise focused on examining coverage of a trio of local political sex scandals. The exercise encouraged first-year composition students to analyze how the rhetorical strategies that the New York Post used in covering these three similar scandals—which involved former New York governor Eliot Spitzer, then-current New York governor David Paterson, and former New Jersey governor Jim McGreevey—differed markedly depending on the Post’s then-relationship to each political figure. In the exercise, students chose several articles at random from a selection of newspaper clippings about these scandals and wrote any interesting headlines, epithets, or descriptions of cartoons they had found on the section of the board dedicated to each governor; students then used the evidence gathered in each section to generate and support thesis statements about the Post’s differing coverage of the three governors’ scandals. This examination through close reading of the Post’s rhetorical strategies in covering parallel sex scandals inspired thoughtful discourse among my composition students, including an increased appreciation of and interest in the news media, an improved understanding of the strategies that scholars use when they gather and interpret textual evidence, and intelligent discussions about the implications of rhetorical strategies utilizing Otherness.
Biomechanical consequences of epiphytism in intertidal macroalgae
Authors: Anderson Laura M. , Martone Patrick T.
Published: December 2013

Epiphytic algae grow on other algae rather than hard substrata, perhaps circumventing competition for space in marine ecosystems. Aquatic epiphytes are widely thought to negatively affect host fitness; it is also possible that epiphytes benefit from associating with hosts. This study explored biomechanical costs and benefits of the epiphytic association between the intertidal brown algal epiphyte, Soranthera ulvoidea, and its red algal host, Odonthalia floccosa. Drag on epiphytized and unepiphytized hosts was measured in a recirculating water flume. A typical epiphyte load increased drag on hosts by approximately 50%, increasing dislodgment risk of epiphytized hosts compared to hosts without epiphytes. However, epiphytes were more likely to dislodge from hosts than hosts were to dislodge from the substratum, suggesting that drag added by epiphytes may not be mechanically harmful to hosts if epiphytes break first. Concomitantly, epiphytes experienced reduced flow when attached to hosts, perhaps allowing them to grow larger or live in more wave-exposed areas. Biomechanical interactions between algal epiphytes and hosts are complex and not necessarily negative, which may partially explain the evolution and persistence of epiphytic relationships.
Autonomous changes in the swimming direction of sperm in the gastropodStrombus luhuanus
Authors: Shiba Kogiku , Shibata Daisuke , Inaba Kazuo
Published: December 2013

The sperm of the gastropod Strombus luhuanus show dimorphism. The eusperm have a nucleus and fertilize the egg, whereas the other type of sperm, parasperm, are anucleate and are thought to assist fertilization. Here we report the autonomous changes in the swimming pattern of S. luhuanus eusperm. In artificial sea water (ASW), the eusperm collected from S. luhuanus sperm ducts formed sperm bundles and initially swam backward with asymmetric flagellar waveforms to detach from the bundles. One hour later, the sperm began to swim forward and in a circle. After an additional 1-h incubation, the sperm swam straight with a change in the flagellar waveforms from asymmetric to symmetric. Spontaneous backward swimming with symmetric waveforms was also observed. The eusperm stored in the female seminal receptacle were motile and showed forward symmetric swimming with spontaneous backward swimming, which appeared necessary for detachment from the wall of receptacle. All of these motility changes were observed in the absence of parasperm, suggesting that these changes autonomously occur in eusperm. Our waveform analysis of these swimming patterns revealed that only the swimming with symmetric waveform showed reverse propagation of the flagellar waveforms. Both types of backward swimming were diminished in Ca2+-free sea water and in sea water containing Ni2+, indicating the regulation of swimming direction by Ca2+-dependent signal transduction.
Decreased hydrogen peroxide production and mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle but not cardiac muscle of the green-striped burrowing frog, a natural model of muscle disuse
Authors: Reilly Beau D. , Hickey Anthony J.R. , Cramp Rebecca L. , Franklin Craig E.
Published: December 2013

Suppression of disuse-induced muscle atrophy has been associated with altered mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mammals. However, despite extended hindlimb immobility aestivating animals exhibit little skeletal muscle atrophy compared with artificially-immobilised mammalian models. Therefore, we studied mitochondrial respiration and ROS (H2O2) production in permeabilised muscle fibres of the green-striped burrowing frog, Cyclorana alboguttata. Mitochondrial respiration within saponin-permeabilised skeletal and cardiac muscle fibres was measured concurrently with ROS production using high-resolution respirometry coupled to custom-made fluorometers. After four months of aestivation, C. alboguttata had significantly depressed whole body metabolism by approximately 70% relative to control (active) frogs, and mitochondrial respiration in saponin-permeabilised skeletal muscle fibres decreased by almost 50% both in the absence of ADP and during oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial ROS production showed up to an 88% depression in aestivating skeletal muscle when malate, succinate and pyruvate were present at concentrations likely reflecting those in vivo. The percentage ROS released per O2 molecule consumed was also approximately 94 % less at these concentrations indicating an intrinsic difference in ROS production capacities during aestivation. We also examined mitochondrial respiration and ROS production in permeabilised cardiac muscle fibres and found that aestivating frogs maintained respiratory flux and ROS production at control levels. These results show that aestivating C. alboguttata has the capacity to independently regulate mitochondrial function in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Furthermore, this work indicates that ROS production can be suppressed in the disused skeletal muscle of aestivating frogs, which may in turn protect against potential oxidative damage and preserve skeletal muscle structure during aestivation and following arousal.
How to assess investment appeal of a road-building enterprise
Authors: Пашков  , Pashkov K. , Медушевская  , Medushevskaya Inna
Published: December 2013

Relative assessment of a road-building company with both the rating and the

integral methods is demonstrated through the example of four real roadbuilding

enterprises based in the Penza Region. Strengths, weaknesses and

limitations of each method are outlined. It is pointed out that the integral method

provides more unbiased assessment of investment appeal.

Thorough financial analysis would allow to develop relevant measures to

enhance investment potential and reduce investment risks of the enterprise in

question. It is proposed to use qualitative variables when assessing the

investment appeal of a business. For the purpose the author has developed a set

of measures conducive to investment appeal enhancement.
Neosiphonia baliana sp. nov. and N. silvae sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Bustamante Danilo Edson , Won Boo Yeon , Cho Tae Oh
Published: December 2013

Worldwide, 32 species have been recognized in the genus Neosiphonia. We describe two new species of the genus from Bali, Indonesia, based on morphological and molecular data. Neosiphonia baliana sp. nov. is recognized by having rhizoids cut off from the proximal end of pericentral cells, axes with five pericentral cells, axes ecorticate throughout, the absence of trichoblasts and scar cells, the straight arrangement of tetrasporangia, and spermatangia arising from a basal cell without the production of trichoblasts. Neosiphonia silvae sp. nov. is characterized by having rhizoids cut off from the proximal end of pericentral cells, axes with four pericentral cells, axes ecorticate throughout, production of abundant trichoblasts near the apices, prominent scar cells, an exceedingly prominent apical cell at axis tips, and one or two tetrasporangia per branch. Phylogenetic analyses of rbcL indicated that our N. baliana sp. nov. and N. silvae sp. nov. fall in the genus Neosiphonia, and we distinguish them on the basis of morphological features from other congeneric species.
Distinct localization of septin proteins to ciliary sub-compartments in airway epithelial cells
Authors: Fliegauf Manfred , Kahle Anja , Häffner Karsten , Zieger Barbara
Published: December 2013

Mucociliary clearance of the airways is accomplished by cilia-mediated laminar mucus flow along the planar epithelial surface. Maintenance of the highly specific architecture of the ciliated airway epithelium with columnar-shaped epithelial cells and tightening of the epithelial barrier is mainly attributed to the F-actin cytoskeleton. Recently, members of the highly conserved family of septin proteins have been shown to play crucial roles in ciliated tissue. These GTP-binding proteins form hetero-oligomeric complexes and assemble higher-order cytoskeletal structures such as filaments, bundles and ring-like structures such as a membrane diffusion barrier at the ciliary base. Here we analyzed the subcellular and sub-ciliary localization of various septin proteins by immunofluorescence imaging of airway epithelial cells. In addition to cytoplasmic localization we found that septins are either enriched at the apical cell cortex including the ciliary bases (septin-2, -4, -6, and -7), or show axonemal staining (septin-2, -7, -9 and -11) or specifically localize to ciliary sub-compartments (septin-8 and -9). The distinct localization of septins suggests structural functions as cytoskeletal components and as elements of the mechanical barrier at the apical cell cortex. Furthermore, the tight association of septin-8 and -9 with the ciliary compartment indicates a possible involvement in cilia-specific functions and cilia-related diseases.
Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation of Chlorophenol Over a Ce0.86Cu0.14–x O2 Catalyst
Authors: Zeng Jia , Zhou Guilin , Ai Yongmei , Li Ning , Zhang Guizhi
Published: December 2013

A Ce0.86Cu0.14–x
O2 catalyst was prepared by the citric acid complex method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction, and its activity in the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was investigated. The results showed that the Cu2+ ions dissolved into the CeO2 lattice to form a Ce0.86Cu0.14–x
O2 solid solution with a coarse, interconnected, porous, and cotton-like morphology. The metal–oxygen bonds were weakened by solid-solution formation in the Ce0.86Cu0.14–x
O2 catalyst. This weakening facilitated H2O2 activation and decomposition to form highly oxidative HO∙ species that can lead to significant chlorophenol mineralization. A total organic carbon removal rate greater than 80% was achieved after 2 h reaction at 50°C and at an initial 4-CP and 2,4-DCP concentration of 50 mg/L. The effects of H2O2 dosage, catalyst dosage, and initial chlorophenol concentration on catalytic efficiency were also determined.
Teaching Experiences of Second Degree Accelerated Baccalaureate Nursing Faculty
Authors: Cangelosi Pamela R.
Published: December 2013

Despite the extraordinary growth of accelerated second degree baccalaureate nursing programs, little research has been conducted about the experiences of faculty teaching these students. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, this study explored the experiences of 14 accelerated second degree baccalaureate faculty from the eastern region of the United States. The data revealed that many faculty teaching second degree students feel unprepared and want guidance on how to teach these students, which was identified in the theme, Figuring It Out On My Own. This article describes this study and the implications of this theme for faculty recruitment and retention in accelerated second degree baccalaureate nursing programs.
The investigation of gutta-percha temperature and compaction force change when using the vertical compaction of warm gutta-percha technique
Authors: Chen Chia-Hsin , Shen Yung-Kang , Hsieh Sung-Chih
Published: December 2013

The naturally occurring isoprene rubber component of gutta-percha has been used in dental root canal filling treatments for almost a hundred years owing to its stability and plasticity as a root canal filling material. The traditional warm gutta-percha vertical compaction technique is the major technique for warm gutta-percha root canal obturation. However, the relation between compaction force and temperature change in this technique is still unclear. The purposes of this study were to determine the ideal gutta-percha molding temperature for compaction and to evaluate single and double heating and compaction in the warm vertical compaction procedures using infrared thermography. Gutta-percha was placed in a digital dry bath incubator at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 62°C in order to analyze compaction forces using an Instron universal testing machine. Both single and double heating and compaction procedures were examined using an infrared thermograph model to monitor temperature change when performing the warm gutta-percha vertical compaction procedure. Our results demonstrate that 44–58°C is the ideal temperature to soften gutta-percha for excellent compaction. Heating and compacting gutta-percha twice at 3 mm from the apex can mold the gutta-percha completely.
Preparation and mechanical properties of nano-silica/UPR polymer composite
Authors: Wang Yan-qing , Guo Yu , Cui Rong-xin , Wang Zhong-ming , Wu You-liang
Published: December 2013

This article mainly aims at experiments used for modifying unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), and trying to enhance the strengthening and toughening performance of nano-silica/UPR polymer composite in order to improve its integrated mechanical properties and to expand its field of application. Experiments were initially used to get high dispersibility nano-silica powder by adding silane coupling agent KH570 as a dispersant into commonly and commercially available nano-silica powder. Then, high dispersibility nano-silica powder was added as a filling with different mass fraction ratios into UPR and nano-silica/UPR polymer composite samples were fabricated. Infrared spectroscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were conducted for high dispersibility nano-silica powder. Mechanical properties test and SEM observation of fracture morphology were investigated for nano-silica/UPR polymer composite samples. The results revealed that adding silane coupling agent KH570 with a mass fraction ratio 3% into nano-silica powder made nano-silica best dispersed after the modification reaction at a temperature of 80°C for 2 h. When the high dispersibility nano-silica powder was added into UPR with a mass fraction ratio 1.5%, the impact strength of nano-silica/UPR polymer composite improved greatly by 9.6%. However, when the high dispersibility nano-silica powder was added into UPR with a mass fraction ratio 2%, the tensile strength, bending strength and extension rate of nano-silica/UPR polymer composite improved greatly by 152%, 102%, and 167%, respectively.
Response of Four Summer Annual Weed Species to Mowing Frequency and Height
Authors: Butler RaeLynn A. , Brouder Sylvie M. , Johnson William G. , Gibson Kevin D.
Published: December 2013

Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2011 to evaluate the effect of mowing frequency and mowing height on four summer annual weed species (large crabgrass, barnyardgrass, giant ragweed, and common lambsquarters). Plants were clipped at three heights (5, 10, or 20 cm) and at two frequencies (single clipping or repeated clippings at the same height) to simulate mowing. A nonclipped control was also grown for each species. When clipped once, large crabgrass, barnyardgrass, and giant ragweed produced at least 90% of the total dry weight (DW) of the nonclipped plants, and common lambsquarters produced at least 75%. A single cut was generally not sufficient to prevent weed seed production or kill any of the weeds in this study. Repeated clipping reduced large crabgrass, giant ragweed, and common lambsquarters reproductive DW to 46, 27, and 10% respectively, of the nonclipped control. Barnyardgrass plants that were repeatedly clipped produced between 0 and 8% of the seed DW of nonclipped plants, depending on clipping height. Repeated clipping reduced weed total DW to below 40% for all species compared to nonclipped plants. Our results suggest that, unless combined with other weed management practices, repeated mowing may be necessary to limit the growth and seed production of these weed species.
Herbicide Options for Weed Control in Dry-Seeded Aromatic Rice in India
Authors: Mahajan Gulshan , Chauhan Bhagirath S.
Published: December 2013

The looming water crisis and shortage of labor during rice transplanting in northwest India have led researchers to develop alternative methods to transition away from puddled transplanted rice. In this context, dry-seeded rice (DSR) is emerging as an efficient production technology to replace puddled transplanted rice. Weeds, however, are the main biological constraints to its success. A study comprising 12 treatments was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PRE (pendimethalin and pyrazosulfuron) and POST herbicides (bispyribac, penoxsulam, and azimsulfuron) applied either alone or in a sequence for weed control in dry-seeded fine rice cv. ‘Punjab Mehak 1’. Results indicated that the single application of pendimethalin (750 g ai ha−1) PRE, pyrazosulfuron (15 g ai ha−1) PRE, bispyribac-sodium (25 g ai ha−1) POST, penoxsulam (25 g ai ha−1) POST, and azimsulfuron (20 g ai ha−1) POST reduced total weed biomass by 75, 68, 73, 70, and 72%, respectively, compared with the nontreated control at flowering stage of the crop. Azimsulfuron POST and pyrazosulfuron PRE proved effective against purple nutsedge and crowfootgrass, respectively. Chinese sprangletop, large crabgrass, and junglerice were effectively controlled with pendimethalin PRE. POST application of bispyribac-sodium and penoxsulam provided effective control of rice flatsedge. Compared to the nontreated control, grain yield following the single application of pendimethalin PRE, pyrazosulfuron PRE, bispyribac-sodium POST, penoxsulam POST, and azimsulfuron POST increased by 149, 119, 138, 124, and 144%, respectively. The sequential application of herbicides proved better than single applications. The lowest weed biomass was observed with the sequential application of pendimethalin PRE followed by azimsulfuron POST, and rice yielded 228% more than the nontreated control following this treatment. The results of this study are important for farmers growing DSR in making decisions regarding the application of POST herbicides, according to existing weed flora in the field.
Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radican) Control with Triclopyr and Metsulfuron, Applied Alone and in Tank Mixture
Authors: Wehtje Glenn , Gilliam Charles H. , McElroy J. Scott
Published: December 2013

Dermatitis from poison ivy is an important health problem, and considerable effort is devoted to the control of this virulent weed. Triclopyr, metsulfuron, and two fixed-ratio tank mixtures of triclopyr and metsulfuron were evaluated across a series of rates for poison ivy control. The objective was to test whether tank mixtures are more effective than triclopyr alone. Triclopyr, metsulfuron, and 9 : 1 and 8 : 2 (by weight) mixtures of these two herbicides, respectively, were applied at eight rates to 1-yr old, pot-grown poison ivy plants. Rates ranged in phytotoxicity from none to death. Percentage of control as determined from plant fresh weight reduction relative to a nontreated control was determined at 1 and 4 mo after treatment (MAT). Data were subjected to ANOVA followed by nonlinear regression. Rates required for 95% control at 1 MAT, control of regrowth at 4 MAT, and the costs of these treatments were determined for the herbicides applied alone and the mixtures. Triclopyr alone and metsulfuron alone were consistently the least and the most expensive treatments, respectively. The mixtures were intermediate to these extremes.
Western Ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya) Control and Bermudagrass Response to Diflufenzopyr Tank-Mix Combinations
Authors: Matocha Matthew E. , Baumann Paul A. , Matocha Mark A.
Published: December 2013

Research was conducted in 2003 and 2004 to evaluate diflufenzopyr tank mixes for western ragweed control and injury to ‘Tifton 85′ bermudagrass. In 2003 at 94 DAT, picloram at 0.28 and 0.56 kg ae ha−1 with or without diflufenzopyr provided greater than 95% control of western ragweed, whereas triclopyr + dilfufenzopyr, dicamba + diflufenzopyr, triclopyr alone, and diflufenzopyr alone provided < 77% control. In 2004 at 95 DAT, only the highest rate of picloram alone provided 96% control, and the two highest rates of picloram + diflufenzopyr provided at least 95% control. Tifton 85 bermudagrass growth reduction increased with the addition of diflufenzopyr to picloram in 2003, but not in 2004. However, forage dry-matter yield was not reduced by any herbicide treatment compared to the nontreated control. Results of these studies indicate that picloram alone and picloram + diflufenzopyr provide excellent control of western ragweed. The tank mixture of picloram + diflufenzopyr can improve control over picloram alone. However, dicamba + diflufenzopyr, triclopyr + diflufenzopyr, triclopyr alone, and diflufenzopyr alone did not provide adequate control.
Local and Regional Staging of Invasive Breast Cancer With Sonography: 25 Years of Practice at MD Anderson Cancer Center
Authors: Fornage Bruno D.
Published: December 2013

Learning Objectives

Outline the uses of sonography in staging local and regional breast cancer. Describe advantages of using sonography in staging local and regional breast cancer.
A New Model for Reimbursing Genome-Based Cancer Care
Authors: Ramsey Scott D. , Sullivan Sean D.
Published: December 2013

Molecularly targeted medicine poses substantial challenges for incorporation into the existing U.S. health care system. It is argued here that performance-based risk-sharing arrangements may be a promising approach to address the competing needs of patients, clinicians, and payers.
Concomitance of IgM and IgG anti-dsDNA Antibodies Does Not Appear to Associate to Active Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Keiserman Briele , Ronchetti Maria Rita , Monticielo Odirlei Andre , Keiserman Mauro Waldemar , Staub Henrique Luiz
Published: December 2013

Previous reports proposed that the IgM anti-dsDNA antibody is protective for lupus nephritis. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to compare clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients positive for IgG anti-dsDNA alone with those presenting both IgG and IgM anti-dsDNA. Anti-dsDNA antibodies, urinary examination and complement levels were assessed in the day of appointment. IgG and IgM anti-dsDNA antibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Fifty-eight SLE patients (93.1% female, 81% European-derived, mean age 42.8±14.7 years, mean duration of disease 10.9±8 years) positive for IgG anti-dsDNA entered the study. Of those, 15 were also positive for the IgM anti-dsDNA isotype. The group with both isotypes showed significant less frequency of active nephritis (sediment changes and proteinuria) when compared to patients with IgG anti-dsDNA alone (6.7% versus 34.9%, p=0.046). These data suggest a nephroprotective role for IgM anti-dsDNA and a distinct biologic behavior for this isotype in SLE.
First record of Hydrogonium gregarium (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) in Russia: an interesting extension of the species’ distribution to the heart of the permafrost zone
Authors: Ignatova Elena A. , Kučera Jan , Kuznetsova Oxana I. , Ignatov Michael S.
Published: December 2013

Hydrogonium gregarium (Mitt.) Jan Kučera, previously known from Southeast Asia, Japan, and scattered occurrences in Pacific North America south to Mexico, is reported for the first time in Russia from the central part of Yakutia at the western foothills of the Verkhoyansk Range. Both morphology and nuclear ITS sequence data confirm its identity with H. gregarium var. gregarium. The species is described and illustrated, and its habitat is briefly discussed.
New combinations and synonyms in Neotropical Lejeuneaceae (Marchantiophyta), with description of Lejeunea tamasii, a new species from Barro Colorado Island, Panama
Authors: Reiner-Drehwald M. Elena , Allen Noris Salazar , Chung C. Clementina
Published: December 2013

The new species Lejeunea tamasii M. E. Reiner, N. Salazar Allen & C. Chung C. from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, named in honor of Professor Tamás Pócs, is described and illustrated. Lejeunea tonduzana (Steph.) M. E. Reiner, comb. nov. (basionym: Hygrolejeunea tonduzana Steph.), L. recurva M. E. Reiner, nom. nov. (basionym: Hygrolejeunea recurva Steph. ex Bonner, nom. inval., H. herzogii Steph. 1916, nom.illeg.), and new synonyms in Lejeunea cerina (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees (= Hygrolejeunea aspera Steph., = H. similis Steph.) and Lejeunea flava (Sw.) Nees (= Hygrolejeunea bahiensis Steph.) are proposed. Descriptions and illustrations for Lejeunea tonduzana and L. recurva are also provided.
Pattern of Newborn care and associated Health Problems among home delivered children
Authors: Singh Jitendra Kumar , Rauniyar P , Gautam D
Published: December 2013

Background and Objectives: Newborn Care practices during neonatal period contribute to risk of mortality and morbidity. It is estimated that in Nepal nearly 50,000 children under one year of age die every twelve months. This study aims to identify newborn care and practices in rural area in the study population. Methodology: 248 mothers having children of age < 6 months having delivery at home were selected from ten VDCs of Sunsari district using multistage random sampling. Standardized questionnaire were filled through interview with mothers/ female head of the family who assisted the delivery. Data were analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17. Chi-square test was conducted and p-value < 0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results: More than half (53.6%) of the newborns were assisted with Clean Home Delivery Kit. However, only 32.6% of the newborn babies applied antiseptic disinfectant to umbilical stump. Majority (76.6%) of the newborns bathed within 24 hour after birth. Less than half of respondents (41.9%) started breast feeding within 1 hour of birth and majority of the respondents (82.7%) fed colostrums to the newborn. Majority (37.9%) of children suffered from Acute Respiratory tract Infection, jaundice, redness and discharge around the cord, skin rashes and eye discharge. The methods used to make room warm was significantly associated (χ2 = 13.68, p- value = 0.001) with the occurrence of ARI. Materials applied for dressing of cord was significantly associated with problems of cord in babies (χ2 = 10.89, p- value = 0.004). Discharge from eye was found more among the babies who applied kajal however it was statistically insignificant. (χ2 = 0.60 p=0.439). Conclusion: High-risk traditional newborn care practices are common and need to be addressed. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (2): 11-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i2.9262
Distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in Nepalese medical students
Authors: Uphaday-Dhungel Kshitiz , Banskota GN , Das PK , Sohal A
Published: December 2013

Background and Objectives: The distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups vary from population to population. With an interest of finding out rare blood group in Nepalese population, we studied the blood group distribution was studied in five different medical colleges in Nepal. Material and Methods: Capillary Blood sample were taken to determine blood group of of 2208 twenty two hundred and eight Nepalese students from five different medical colleges, viz. Manipal College of medical sciences, Pokhara; Nepalgunj Medical College, Chisapani, Banke ; College of Medical sciences, Bharatpur, Chitwan; Kist Medical College, Lalitpur and Janaki Medical College, Janakpur were recorded. Slide test method was used to determine the blood group of the subjects. Results: In our study subjects, 28.17% were blood group A, 30.17% were blood group B, 34.87% were blood group O and 6.79% were blood group AB. Similarly, 95.38% were Rh +ve and 4.62% were Rh –ve. The blood group distribution patterns in male and female were different. Conclusion: This result demonstrates that AB blood group is the most rare blood group among the studied Nepalese population, followed by group A, B and O. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (2): 17-20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i2.9263