bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of assessing utilities with a single-item standard gamble questionnaire in patients with melanoma
Authors: Blome Christine , Kähler Katharina C. , Wagner Tobias , Hauschild Axel , Augustin Matthias
Published: August 2021

Objectives

To determine the feasibility of eliciting utilities with a standard gamble self-completion questionnaire that uses a single-item approach in melanoma patients.

Methods

150 patients with low-risk melanoma completed a paper standard gamble questionnaire. Six scenarios described the adjuvant treatment of high-risk melanoma with interferon alfa-2b with varied side effects. Patients were asked to directly state the maximum death risk they would accept to prevent these health states. Methods were the same as in a study by Kilbridge et al. (J Clin Oncol 19(3):812–823, 2021. 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.3.812), except that they used computerised interviews and an iterative risk variation (Ping–Pong method) to elicit utilities.

Results

The rate of missing values in the standard gamble was 1.0%. The percentage of patients who misordered scenarios was very similar to the reference study (11.3% vs. 11.2%). Mean utilities were also similar with a maximum difference of 0.02 points, but median utilities were not (between 0.21 points below and 0.05 points above the reference study).

Conclusions

One-item utility elicitation with questionnaires might be a feasible alternative to computerised face-to-face interviews to conduct a standard gamble in melanoma patients.
Global research activity on mental health literacy
Authors: Sweileh Waleed M.
Published: September 2021

Background

Evidence showed that mental health literacy reduces stigma and promotes help-seeking intentions. This study provides a bibliometric analysis of global research activity on mental health literacy. A bibliometric method was applied using Scopus. The term “mental health literacy” was searched in the title, abstract, and author keywords for the study period from 1900 to 2019. Conventional bibliometric indicators and mapping were generated.

Results

The search query found 945 documents. The earliest documents were published in 1997. The retrieved documents received an average of 25.3 citations per document and an h-index of 67. Authors from 68 different countries participated in publishing the retrieved documents. Australia ranked first (n=354, 37.5%) followed distantly by the USA (n=172, 18.2%). In total, 362 different journals participated in publishing the retrieved documents. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry (n=43, 11.8%) ranked first followed by the BMC Psychiatry (n=40, 11.0%). Documents published in the BMC Psychiatry journal received the highest number (60.4) of citations per document. In total, 3906 authors participated in publishing the retrieved documents. The average number of authors per document was 4.1. Jorm, A.F ranked first (n=96, 10.2%). Data analysis indicated that the University of Melbourne (n=136, 14.1%) ranked first in the number of publications.

Conclusions

Literature on “mental health literacy” is growing rapidly mainly in high-income countries. Research collaboration between active countries and low- and middle-income countries is important since many developing countries lack expertise and the infrastructure for mental health literacy research.
Phage therapy as a revolutionary medicine against Gram-positive bacterial infections
Authors: Loganathan Archana , Manohar Prasanth , Eniyan Kandasamy , VinodKumar C. S. , Leptihn Sebastian , Nachimuthu Ramesh
Published: August 2021

Background

Antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria has created a global emergency, prompting the hunt for an alternative cure. Bacteriophages were discovered over a century ago and have proven to be a successful replacement during antibiotic treatment failure. This review discusses on the scientific investigation of phage therapy for Gram-positive pathogens and general outlook of phage therapy clinical trials and commercialization.

Main body of the abstract

This review aimed to highlight the phage therapy in Gram-positive bacteria and the need for phage therapy in the future. Phage therapy to treat Gram-positive bacterial infections is in use for a very long time. However, limited review on the phage efficacy in Gram-positive bacteria exists. The natural efficiency and potency of bacteriophages against bacterial strains have been advantageous amidst the other non-antibiotic agents. The use of phages to treat oral biofilm, skin infection, and recurrent infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria has emerged as a predominant research area in recent years. In addition, the upsurge in research in the area of phage therapy for spore-forming Gram-positive bacteria has added a wealth of information to phage therapy.

Short conclusion

We conclude that the need of phage as an alternative treatment is obvious in future. However, phage therapy can be used as reserve treatment. This review focuses on the potential use of phage therapy in treating Gram-positive bacterial infections, as well as their therapeutic aspects. Furthermore, we discussed the difficulties in commercializing phage drugs and their problems as a breakthrough medicine.
Secondary metabolite profiling and characterization of diterpenes and flavones from the methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata using HPLC-LC-MS/MS
Authors: Dwivedi Manish Kumar , Sonter Shruti , Mishra Shringika , Singh Priyanka , Singh Prashant Kumar
Published: September 2021

Background

Andrographis paniculata is a well-known medicinal plant that contains various classes of bioactive secondary metabolites. It is widely used by the traditional medicinal healers for treatment of malaria and other diseases. There is an urgent need for screening of potent novel compounds from the methanol extract of A. paniculata. Earlier, we obtained appreciable in vitro anti-malarial activity (IC50-10.75 μg/ml) in the same plant. In current study, we developed novel analytical methods for rapid identification and characterization of diterpenes and flavones using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and identified major compounds that might possess anti-malarial activities.

Results

Based on the chromatographic and mass spectrometric features, we have identified a total of 74 compounds (25 compounds from positive ion mode; 49 compounds from negative ion mode). The mass spectrum data predicted andrographolide (15%) presence in the highest amount in both positive and negative ion modes. Based on the percentage purity, Andrographolide and skullcapflavone I was selected as representative class of diterpenes and flavones for fragmentation studies.

Conclusions

The result led to identification of Neoandrographolide, andrographolactone, 14-dehydroxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, skullcapflavone I, and 5-Hydroxy-2′,7,8-tri methoxy flavone from the methanolic extract of A. paniculata that is used in traditional medicine by tribal healers of Amarkantak region for treating malaria. These could be lead compounds for the development of novel anti-malarial drugs.
Pharmacognostical evaluation and anti-convulsant property of Annona reticulata Linn. (Annonaceae) root
Authors: Manoj Kumar S. , Azamthulla Mohammad , Saravanan Kamatchi Sundara
Published: August 2021

Background

The present investigation was aimed at establishing the pharmacognostical parameters and preliminary phytochemical screening of Annona reticulata Linn. (Annonaceae) root. Pharmacognostical studies and phytochemical evaluation of A. reticulata root were carried out by following standard procedures to provide information that help to identify the species. The species of Annonaceae family are documented to possess anticonvulsant property, while A. reticulata and its root are reported to be used as a folklore medicine to treat epilepsy. In this study, anti-convulsant activity of the root extract was further investigated in mouse model with seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 60 mg/kg, i.p.). Diazepam (5 mg/kg) was used as a standard anti-convulsant drug. Prior to induction of seizures, ethanol extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.,) and 0.1% sodium CMC were administered. Later, the onset, duration of convulsions along with recovery was recorded.

Results

A. reticulata can be recognized by its crown shape, leaves with lengthy petioles, fleshy petals and heart-shaped fruits. Roots are cylindrical with rootlets and have aromatic odour. Presence of oil globules and rhomboidal calcium oxalate crystals in cortex, sclerenchyma cells in cortex and secondary phloem, starch grains in cortex, secondary phloem and secondary xylem, and uni- to tri-seriate medullary rays are the key diagnostic characters of root. Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, proteins, fixed oil and fats. The total alkaloid content in the root was 0.524% w/w, while total flavonoid and total phenolic content in ethanol extract were 16.65 mg QE/g and 59.54 mg GAE/g, respectively. Based on the values obtained from anti-convulsant activity, it is evident that the ethanol extract offered significant protection against PTZ-induced convulsion in mice.

Conclusion

The current pharmacognostical study aids not only in identification of crude drug material but also in establishing the standardization parameters. Further, the findings of this study indicated that the ethanolic extract of Annona reticulata Linn root displayed significant anti-convulsant property and this property could be attributed to imperative bioactives like flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, in addition to other secondary metabolites.
Nanofiber as a novel vehicle for transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Kumar Lalit , Verma Shivani , Joshi Kajal , Utreja Puneet , Sharma Sumit
Published: August 2021

Background

Transdermal delivery of drugs is a quite challenging task for pharmaceutical scientists. The transdermal route is preferred over the oral route due to various advantages like avoidance of the first-pass effect, non-invasiveness, and high patient compliance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective carrier system that enables the effective passage of the drug through the dermal barrier.

Main body of abstract

Various novel drug delivery systems are used to enhance the permeation of a variety of drugs through the skin barrier. Researchers around the globe have explored nanofibers for the transdermal delivery of various therapeutic agents. Nanofibers are designed to have a high concentration of therapeutic agents in them promoting their flux through various skin layers. Polymeric nanofibers can be explored for the loading of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Biopolymer-based nanofibers have been also explored for transdermal delivery. They are capable of controlling the release of therapeutic agents for a prolonged time.

Short conclusion

The literature presented in this review paper provides significant proof that nanofibers will have an intense impact on the transdermal delivery of different bioactive molecules in the future.

Graphic abstract
Quality control and standardization of Quercetin in herbal medicines by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques
Authors: Kagawad Pooja , Gharge Shankar , Jivaje Kadambari , Hiremath Sushmita I. , Suryawanshi Shailendra S.
Published: August 2021

Background

Herbal medicines and their preparations have been mostly used since from thousands of years in all developing and developed countries in the primary health care of society and community. Flavonoids are the class of polyphenolic compounds, which are mainly distributed throughout the plant kingdom. Quercetin is a flavonoid which shows major pharmacological activities and effectively used for the management and treatment of various diseases and disorders. Many herbal medicines and their formulations containing Quercetin are available in market and hence quality control of Quercetin in is very important and essential in manufacturing industries

Main body of the abstract

We have reviewed various scientific research published on quality control analysis and standardization of Quercetin in its isolated form, extract or any other herbal or polyherbal preparation. We have mainly focused on the spectroscopic and chromatographic methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of Quercetin and they were comprehensively presented in the present review work.

Short conclusion

The present review concludes that the spectroscopic and chromatographic methods play great role in the quality control and standardization of Quercetin in its isolated form, extract and in its herbal and polyherbal preparation.
Genome-wide binding analysis of the tomato transcription factor SlDof1 reveals its regulatory impacts on fruit ripening
Authors: Wang Yuying , Wang Peiwen , Wang Weihao , Kong Lingxi , Tian Shiping , Qin Guozheng
Published: August 2021

The DNA binding with one finger (Dof) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors involved in a variety of biological processes. However, little is known about their functions in fruit ripening, a flowering-plant-specific process that is required for seed maturation and dispersal. Here, we found that the tomato Dof transcription factor SlDof1, is necessary for normal fruit ripening. Knockdown of SlDof1 expression by RNA interference delayed ripening-related processes, including lycopene synthesis and ethylene production. Transcriptome profiling indicated that SlDof1 influences the expression of hundreds of genes, and a chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed a large number of SlDof1 binding sites. A total of 312 genes were identified as direct targets of SlDof1, among which 162 were negatively regulated by SlDof1 and 150 were positively regulated. The SlDof1 target genes were involved in a variety of metabolic pathways, and follow-up analyses verified that SlDof1 directly regulates some well-known ripening-related genes including ACS2 and PG2A as well as transcriptional repressor genes such as SlIAA27. Our findings provide insights into the transcriptional regulatory networks underlying fruit ripening and highlight a gene potentially useful for genetic engineering to control ripening.
Introduction to this special section: Rock physics
Authors: Das Agnibha , Sengupta Madhumita
Published: September 2021

In simple terms, rock physics provides the much-needed link between measurable elastic properties of rocks and their intrinsic properties. This enables us to connect seismic data, well logs, and laboratory measurements to minerology, porosity, permeability, fluid saturations, and stress. Rock-physics relationships/models are used to understand seismic signatures in terms of reservoir properties that help in exploration risk mitigation. Traditionally, rock physics has played an irreplaceable role in amplitude variation with offset (AVO) modeling and inversion, 3D/4D close-the-loop studies, and seismic time-lapse analysis and interpretation. Today, rock-physics research and application have influenced a much wider space that spans digital rock physics, microseismic, and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data analysis. In this special section, we have included papers that cover much of these advanced methods, providing us with a better understanding of subsurface elastic and transport properties, thereby reducing bias and uncertainties in quantitative interpretation.
Model misspecification and bias in the least-squares algorithm: Implications for linearized isotropic AVO
Authors: Hoeber Henning
Published: September 2021

When inversions use incorrectly specified models, the estimated least-squares model parameters are biased. Their expected values are not the true underlying quantitative parameters being estimated. This means the least-squares model parameters cannot be compared to the equivalent values from forward modeling. In addition, the bias propagates into other quantities, such as elastic reflectivities in amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis. I give an outline of the framework to analyze bias, provided by the theory of omitted variable bias (OVB). I use OVB to calculate exactly the bias due to model misspecification in linearized isotropic two-term AVO. The resulting equations can be used to forward model unbiased AVO quantities, using the least-squares fit results, the weights given by OVB analysis, and the omitted variables. I show how uncertainty due to bias propagates into derived quantities, such as the χ-angle and elastic reflectivity expressions. The result can be used to build tables of unique relative rock property relationships for any AVO model, which replace the unbiased, forward-model results.
Genomic Profiling of Premenopausal HR+ and HER2– Metastatic Breast Cancer by Circulating Tumor DNA and Association of Genetic Alterations With Therapeutic Response to Endocrine Therapy and Ribociclib
Authors: Bardia Aditya , Su Fei , Solovieff Nadia , Im Seock-Ah , Sohn Joohyuk , Lee Keun Seok , Campos-Gomez Saul , Jung Kyung Hae , Colleoni Marco , Vázquez Rafael Villanueva , Franke Fabio , Hurvitz Sara , Harbeck Nadia , Chow Louis , Taran Tetiana , Rodriguez Lorenc Karen , Babbar Naveen , Tripathy Debu , Lu Yen-Shen
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE

This analysis evaluated the genomic landscape of premenopausal patients with hormone receptor–positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced breast cancer and the association of genetic alterations with response to ribociclib in the phase III MONALEESA-7 trial.

METHODS

Premenopausal patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive endocrine therapy plus ribociclib or placebo. Plasma collected at baseline was sequenced using targeted next-generation sequencing for approximately 600 relevant cancer genes. The association of circulating tumor DNA alterations with progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated to identify biomarkers of response and resistance to ribociclib.

RESULTS

Baseline circulating tumor DNA was sequenced in 565 patients; 477 evaluable patients had evidence of ≥ 1 alteration. The most frequent alterations included PIK3CA (29%), TP53 (19%), CCND1 (10%), MYC (8%), GATA3 (8%), receptor tyrosine kinases (18%), and the Chr8p11.23 locus (13%). A treatment benefit of ribociclib was seen with wild-type (hazard ratio [HR] 0.44 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.61]) and altered (HR 0.56 [95% CI, 0.36 to 0.89]) PIK3CA. Overall, patients with altered CCND1 had shorter PFS regardless of treatment, suggesting CCND1 as a potential prognostic biomarker. Benefit with ribociclib was seen in patients with altered (HR 0.22 [95% CI, 0.08 to 0.55]) or wild-type (HR 0.50 [95% CI, 0.38 to 0.67]) CCND1, but greater benefit was observed with altered, suggesting predictive potential of CCND1. Alterations in TP53, MYC, Chr8p11.23 locus, and receptor tyrosine kinases were associated with worse PFS, but ribociclib benefit was independent of alteration status.

CONCLUSION

In this study—to our knowledge, the first large study of premenopausal patients with hormone receptor–positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced breast cancer—multiple genomic alterations were associated with poor outcome. A PFS benefit of ribociclib was observed regardless of gene alteration status, although in this exploratory analysis, a magnitude of benefits varied by alteration.
A feasibility pilot study of the effects of neurostimulation on dysphagia recovery in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Sasegbon Ayodele , Hammerbeck Ulrike , Michou Emilia , Cheng Ivy , Zhang Mengqing , James Charlotte , Hamdy Shaheen
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Dysphagia often occurs during Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can have severe consequences. Recently, neuromodulatory techniques have been used to treat neurogenic dysphagia. Here we aimed to compare the neurophysiological and swallowing effects of three different types of neurostimulation, 5 Hertz (Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), 1 Hz rTMS and pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES).  

Method: 12 PD patients with dysphagia were randomised to receive either 5 Hz rTMS, 1 Hz rTMS, or PES. In a cross-over design, patients were assigned to one intervention and received both real and sham stimulation. Patients received a baseline videofluoroscopic (VFS) assessment of their swallowing, enabling penetration aspiration scores (PAs) to be calculated for: thin fluids, paste, solids and cup drinking. Swallowing timing measurements were also performed on thin fluid swallows only. They then had baseline recordings of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from both pharyngeal and (as a control) abductor pollicis brevis (APB) cortical areas using single-pulse TMS. Subsequently, the intervention was administered and post interventional TMS recordings were taken at 0 and 30 minutes followed by a repeat VFS within 60 minutes of intervention.

Results: All interventions were well tolerated. Due to lower than expected recruitment, statistical analysis of the data was not undertaken. However, with respect to PAs swallowing timings and MEP amplitudes, there was visual separation in a positive direction between active and sham groups for all interventions.

Conclusion: PES, 5 Hz rTMS and 1 Hz rTMS are tolerable interventions in PD related dysphagia. Due to small patient numbers no definitive conclusions could be drawn from the data with respect to individual interventions improving swallowing function and comparative effectiveness between interventions. Larger future studies are needed to further explore the efficacy of these neuromodulatory treatments in Parkinson’s Disease associated dysphagia.
ПОСТРОЕНИЕ И АНАЛИЗ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ НА ОСНОВЕ СИСТЕМЫ ОДНОВРЕМЕННЫХ УРАВНЕНИЙ
Authors: Lazhauninkas Julia V. , Berdnova Ekaterina V.
Published: September 2021

В настоящее время народное хозяйство нашей страны нуждается в четкой и эффективной экономической модели с возможностью проведения анализа доли денежных средств на потребление и инвестиции, так как государство заинтересовано в скорейшем росте и развитии различных отраслей. Предлагаемая авторами статьи модель со статистически значимыми коэффициентами обладает высокой точностью, а значит и эффективностью.
Цель: используя конкретные числовые данные, построить статическую модель Кейнса, определить параметры системы одновременных эконометрических уравнений, проанализировать получившуюся модель.
Метод и методология: общенаучные методы теоретического исследования: анализ и синтез, систематизация, обобщение, методы регрессионного анализа.
Результаты: получена структурная форма экономической модели сельскохозяйственной отрасли Саратовской области. Построенная модель свидетельствует о том, что из каждой дополнительной тысячи дохода на потребление расходуется 777 ден. ед., а 223 ден. ед. инвестируется; дополнительные вложения в размере 1 тысячи ден. ед. приведут при прочих равных условиях к дополнительному увеличению потребления на 3,48 тыс. ден. ед.; дополнительные инвестиции в размере 1 тыс. ден. ед. приведут при прочих равных условиях к увеличению дополнительного дохода на 4,48 тыс. ден. ед.
Область применения: результаты исследования могут быть использованы для оценки эффективности субсидирования различных отраслей народного хозяйства на уровне регионов, то есть для получения числовых значений денежных средств на потребление и инвестиции, а также для расчета инвестиционного мультипликатора потребления и инвестиционного мультипликатора национального дохода.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ВОЕННО-ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
Authors: Plotnik Mihail A.
Published: September 2021

Рост геополитической нестабильности в сочетании с ограничениями, связанными с пандемией коронавируса Covid-19, ведет к рискам нарушения функционирования цепей поставок. Особенно велики эти угрозы для цепей поставок, связанных с ресурсным обеспечением военной организации. По этой причине необходимо разработать перечень мероприятий для повышения устойчивости военно-логистических систем.

Цель: разработка модели проведения мероприятий, направленных на повышение устойчивости военно-логистических систем.

Методы: в статье использовался общенаучный метод анализ и синтеза, а также метод анализа источников.

Результаты: предложена последовательность и состав мероприятий по повышению устойчивости военно-логистической системы.
АНАЛИЗ КОНФЛИКТНОЙ СРЕДЫ ВНУТРИ КОЛЛЕКТИВА НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПЕРСОНАЛА МЕДЕЦИНСКОГО УЧЕРЕЖДЕНИЯ
Authors: Shakirova Dinara M. , Sultanova Gulia M. , Tomashova Anastasia G. , Ivanova Karina V. , Imasheva Sholpan E. , Ivanova Yulia A.
Published: September 2021

В статье раскрывается понятие конфликта с точки зрения социального и психологического явления, на базе теоретических материалов выявляется его наиболее распространенный тип, а также рассматривается специфика конфликта в организации и влияние на работу внутри нее. В научной работе представлен анализ конфликтов на примере выбранного медицинского учреждения. В ходе исследования была составлена анонимная анкета, включающая в себя вопросы, отвечая на которые сотрудники организации высказываются о наличии причин конфликтов в своем коллективе, а также дают индивидуальную оценку о рабочей среде коллектива и организации с учетом конфликтов. Результаты исследования представлены в виде статьи с количественными данными, полученными в ходе опроса и анализа данных. Выводы, полученные в процессе обработки результатов, способствуют выявлению предполагаемой методики разрешения конфликтов и дальнейшему решению конфликтных ситуаций в организациях подобного типа.

Цель исследования – изучить конфликтные ситуации на примере выбранного коллектива, определить их причины и способы решения.

Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались статистические методы анализа, а также практическое исследование на основе анкетирования.

Результаты: получены данные о «конфликте» как социальном явлении, проанализирована конфликтная среда выбранной организации, сделаны выводы о причинах конфликта и предложены пути разрешения конфликтных ситуаций.

Область применения результатов: полученные результаты имеют место применения как в научных и учебных целях для демонстрации явления конфликта и примере конфликтной среды, а так же в процессе обучения и найма менеджеров организаций любого уровня, для четкого понимания сотрудника о конфликте.
Extending the Scope of Robust Quadratic Optimization
Authors: Marandi Ahmadreza , Ben-Tal Aharon , den Hertog Dick , Melenberg Bertrand
Published: September 2021

We derive computationally tractable formulations of the robust counterparts of convex quadratic and conic quadratic constraints that are concave in matrix-valued uncertain parameters. We do this for a broad range of uncertainty sets. Our results provide extensions to known results from the literature. We also consider hard quadratic constraints: those that are convex in uncertain matrix-valued parameters. For the robust counterpart of such constraints, we derive inner and outer tractable approximations. As an application, we show how to construct a natural uncertainty set based on a statistical confidence set around a sample mean vector and covariance matrix and use this to provide a tractable reformulation of the robust counterpart of an uncertain portfolio optimization problem. We also apply the results of this paper to norm approximation problems.

Summary of Contribution: This paper develops new theoretical results and algorithms that extend the scope of a robust quadratic optimization problem. More specifically, we derive computationally tractable formulations of the robust counterparts of convex quadratic and conic quadratic constraints that are concave in matrix-valued uncertain parameters. We also consider hard quadratic constraints: those that are convex in uncertain matrix-valued parameters. For the robust counterpart of such constraints, we derive inner and outer tractable approximations.
How Do Restrictions on Advertising Affect Consumer Search?
Authors: Chiou Lesley , E. Tucker Catherine
Published: September 2021

Advertising is often criticized for presenting only partial or selective information about products. This criticism is particularly pronounced for health products, where large asymmetries in information may exist between consumers and firms. This paper explores how government restrictions designed to prevent selective advertising affect the types of information to which consumers are exposed. We exploit a natural experiment in the form of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) crackdown that prevented pharmaceutical companies from using selectively chosen information in their Internet search ads. Because companies could not adequately document side effects within the advertising space allowed, they removed their ads. Our results suggest that, after the ads were removed, consumers were more likely to seek information from websites based on user-generated content or websites that focused on medical treatments not regulated by the FDA, such as Canadian pharmacies and sites promoting herbal remedies.

This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Evaluation of the Implementation of the Youth Care Health Service Program in the West Lingkar Health Center of Bengkulu City
Authors: Oktarianita Oktarianita , Pratiwi Bintang Agustina , Febriawati Henni , Yanuarti Riska
Published: August 2021

Background: One of the strategies to overcome adolescent problems is the formation of the Youth Care Health Service Program or Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja (PKPR). PKPR itself is a health service program aimed at adolescents and is a forum for overcoming adolescent problems. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the PKPR program in the working area of the West Lingkar Health Center. Method:  This research was a qualitative descriptive study conducted in March-April 2021. The methods used were observation and in-depth interviews with seven informants: the person in charge of the PKPR program, health workers, peer counselors, and youth participating in PKPR. Results: The results showed that the PKPR program was aligned with the 2014 standard guidelines. This research was done inside and outside the health center by collaborating with PKPR's person in charge and the health team based on the Decree of PKPR implementation. PKPR program is held in three schools in the working area of the West Lingkar Health Center and provides services such as health checks, counseling, and education about youth health. The peer counselor training subprogram has fulfilled the standard 10% of the target schools. PKPR is fully funded by the Special Operational Assistance or Bantuan Operasional Khusus (BOK) fund. Recording and reporting were done every two to three months to the public health office. Monitoring was reported during the activities, while the evaluation report is annual. This research discovered the availability of counseling rooms and related references about communication, information, and education books on PKPR. This research had collaborated with cross-sectors such as schools and the National Antinarcotics Agency. Conclusion:  Implementation is under PKPR guidelines, but overall it was still not optimal. There was no regular socialization of PKPR, especially for youth who did not attend school.
Analysis of marketing strategy at setia stores using ahp, clustering, and ar-mba method
Authors: Ibrahim Faisal , Putra Bagas Swardhana , Azhra Fariza Halidatsani , Fadhlurrohman Najib
Published: September 2021

A company can survive and thrive when the strategies and processes applied in its business are correct. One of the processes in determining strategy in decision making. The owner of Setia Store has difficulty in choosing a marketing strategy. The product layout shows this in the Setia Store, which confuses customers. Setia Store also rarely offers a promotion, making it difficult to compete with competitors. This study aims to help Setia Store increase sales by determining the right marketing strategy. To determine the right marketing strategy, there are three methods developed. First of all, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is employed to find the customer priorities. Then, clustering is proposed to find potential marketing targets that have similar characteristics from the results of the AHP method. Third, association rule-market basket analysis (AR-MBA) is developed to find the best rules for product marketing strategy. The first method shows that the housewives (EV=0.6270) are Setia Store's priority customers from the three methods. Second, cluster 3 (which has three characteristics in common) is a very potential target market. Third, the best rule is to buy products from departments 2 and 3 (Confidence 60%, Support 12%). From these results, the right marketing strategy is to create a buy 1 get 1 promo banner or label for products that are rarely purchased, such as household appliances. Then, create a catalog by bringing together frequently purchased products such as spices and food ingredients. Finally, improve the layout by bringing the departmental shelves closer to frequently purchased products.
Anti-Cancer and Anti-Angiogenesis Activities of Zerumbone Isolated from Zingiber Zerumbet - A Systematic Review
Authors: El Fagie Rehab M.H. , Yusoff Nor Adlin , Lim Vuanghao , Mohamed Kamal Nik Nur Syazni Nik , Samad Nozlena Abdul
Published: September 2021

Significant number of literatures has demonstrated the antiproliferative effect of Zerumbone and its role as anti-angiogenesis. The aims of this systematic review were to assess the anti-cancer effects of Zerumbone and the role of its antiangiogenic properties in treating cancer. Relevant articles were selected based on specific inclusion criteria. Articles chosen for this systematic review were between January 2008 and December 2018. Relevant articles were identified through an extensive search in Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. The literature searches of the electronic databases combined the following key words: anti-angiogenic, anticancer, Zerumbone and Zingiber zerumbet. Studies chosen for this review includes the following designs in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo. The initial literature search obtained a total of 352 related records and the final number of studies that met the inclusion criteria in the current review was 43 studies. In vitro studies were the commonest study design. Evidently, Zerumbone demonstrate a potential antiproliferative and antiangiogenic. The antiproliferative activities of Zerumbone was shown to induce by different signalling pathway. Zerumbone through its antiangiogenic effect play a great role in reducing invasion and metastasis. Some selected studies on Zerumbone were found to plague with limitation such as lack of toxic threshold value which may be needed for the clinical trials on this compound.
Extracts of Jordanian Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Inhibit Human Mammary Adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) Cells In Vitro by Inducing Cell Viability
Authors: Al-Sayyed Hiba F. , Abu-Qatouseh Luay F. , Malkawy Mohammed , Al-Wawi Suzan , Al Kafaween Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Worldwide, and in Jordan specifically, date palm fruit production has been steadily increasing. Recently, various dates extracts have been used functionally as antioxidants or anticancer agents. In addition, Jordanian date palm fruit of Barhi variety at two maturity stages (Rutab) and (Tamr) inhibited chemically-induced mammary cancer in animal model. The aim of this study is to strengthen the scientific evidence on the effect of dates on mammary cancer via assessing the effect of different concentrations of water extracts of three varieties of dates grown in Jordan (Barhi, Belle Huwaimil, and Medjool) at two maturity stages (Rutab and Tamr) on the viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The effects of different extracts on MCF7 inhibition/proliferation was analyzed using MTT assay. Percentage of inhibition was calculated. The most effective concentration was 100 mg/ml for all varieties. At this concentration, Medjool variety at the Tamr stage exhibited the highest inhibition. At the 12.5 and 25 mg/ml concentrations of the extracts, the most effective date palm fruit varieties were Belle Huwaimil and Barhi at the Tamr stage respectively. At lower concentrations (3.125 and 6.25 mg/ml), Medjool at the Tamr stage and Belle Huwaimil respectively were the most effective extracts were Barhi at the Tamr and Rutab stages were the least effective (P=0.000**). It is concluded that water extract of palm fruit reduced MCF-7 cell viability.
Gelatin Extraction Optimization from Skin of Sub Adult and Adult Pangasius Hypophthalmus
Authors: Hidayati Dewi , Alfarisy Moh. Ulya , Khairunissa Khairunissa , Kurniawan Fredy , Prasetyo Endry Nugroho , Luqman Arif , Sa’adah Noor Nailis , Soegianto Agoes
Published: September 2021

Fish skin is the potential gelatin source since the increase of the demand for the halal food due to the religious consideration. The yield of gelatin obtained from connective tissue of animal skin greatly affected by the extraction process and age of the animals that used as raw material. Research about the potential of the Pangasius hypophthalmus (striped catfish) skin as halal gelatin source have been developing. However, there was no information about the correlation between the length of striped catfish that representing age with the gelatin content. Here we optimize the gelatin extraction method from striped catfish skin with different length body size (sub adult and adult size) using statistical analysis of Placket Burman Design. We performed preliminary study to determine the variables used in the main study. We used 9 variables in the extraction process and analyzed the p-value of each variable. According to this analysis, three variables with the lowest p-values were selected: temperature (p=0.000); soaking time in alkali solution (p=0.055) and soaking time in acid solution (p=0.244). Range value of selected variables were determined according to the related previous studies. Results from our study showed that the maximum yield of sub adult and adult were obtained when we used 70 °C as temperature of extraction, i.e. 37.42% and 30.31%, respectively. In general, sub adult striped catfish have higher yield than the adult one at the temperature of 40 and 70 °C. However, the gelatin yielded from extraction process temperature of ≥70 °C exhibited dark pigmentation, while the gelatin that obtained with temperature treatment of ≤ 55°C showed less pigmentation. The gelatin yielded from sub adult striped catfish showed more pigmentation than the adult one. We suggested for process of extraction both size of striped catfish should be at 55°C, since it showed higher yield extraction with less pigmentation.
Effect of Different Processing Methods on the Nutritional Value of Rice
Authors: Kalita Tarali , Gohain Upasana P. , Hazarika Jimpi
Published: September 2021

Rice, the mostly used cereal grain, is composed of three layers-husk, bran and endosperm, each contains various specific components. These layers can be lost or retained depending on the different processing methods used. The objective of the present study was to know the nutritional value of raw and parboiled Ranjit rice obtained by de-husking method using both modern milling and a traditional de-husking method by “Dhenki”. After preparing the rice flour, estimation of carbohydrate, protein, crude lipid, crude fiber, Minerals: Fe, Zn, Ca, vitamins thiamin and niacin were carried out for all the rice samples following standard methods. The milled rice grains showed greater losses in the fat, protein and fiber contents compared to the rice grains de-husked by Dhenki. On the other hand, the parboiling of the paddy prior to de-husking enhanced the nutritional quality of the rice compared to the un parboiled raw rice as parboiling - allows some nutrients like Iron and vitamins to transfer from the hull into the grain. Parboiled rice also showed less carbohydrate content compared to the raw rice. Further study with animal model revealed that parboiled rice de husked by Dhenki showed slow rate of digestion indicating it as a source of good carbohydrate.The findings may be useful in helping the people to choose the right processing methods for rice to obtain maximum yield in nutrition.
Lack of evidence-based maternal care practices in a governmental hospital in the middle region of Jordan
Authors: Abuidhail Jamila , Mrayan Lina , Abujilban Sanaa , Hasan Amanda , Damra Kholod , Hani Zayzan , Khaled Sameera
Published: September 2021

Background

In Jordan, there is an overuse of treatments that were originally designed to manage complications of labour and birth.

Aim

To explore the reasons for the non-application of evidence-based practices in maternal care in a Jordanian governmental hospital from the healthcare professionals' perspective.

Methods

A descriptive qualitative method was employed in one selected Jordanian governmental hospital. Data were collected by conducting one-to-one, semi-structured interviews with 11 participants, which were subjected to a thematic and content analysis.

Findings

There were four main themes: limited human, financial, infrastructural resources and hospital environment; midwives are not autonomous; lack of motivation to apply evidence-based practices; and socio-cultural pressures hinder the usage of new evidence-based practices.

Conclusion

There is a weak application of evidence-based practices in maternal care in a governmental hospital in Jordan. So, it is important to modify maternal healthcare policy to allow greater midwife autonomy, and raise awareness of maternal evidence-based practice.
Effect of obstacles/tips card on breastfeeding drop-off
Authors: Comerford David A , McGillivray Tracy
Published: September 2021

Background

Many mothers report having stopped breastfeeding sooner than they would have liked.

Aim

We test whether a planning card reduces breastfeeding drop-off.

Method

We recruited 81 women who were at least 36 weeks pregnant at antenatal classes in Lothian, Scotland. By systematic assignment, participants received no card; an obstacles/tips card, which details common breastfeeding obstacles and tips to overcome them; or an enhanced obstacles/tips card, which additionally featured an intentions prompt on its reverse side. Between 10–14 days after the due date, we measured rates of exclusive and any breastfeeding.

Findings

On discharge, feeding methods were similar across all three groups. At 10-14 days, drop-off was four-fold higher in the control group than in either of the two card groups (p=0.026).

Conclusion

The obstacles/tips cards offer potential as a means to achieve reductions in breastfeeding drop-off.
Experiences of maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic in the North of England
Authors: Stacey Tomasina , Darwin Zoe , Keely Alice , Smith Anna , Farmer Dáša , Heighway Kate
Published: September 2021

Background

During 2020, UK maternity services made changes to service delivery in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims

To explore service users' and their partners' experiences of maternity services in the North of England during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Respondents (n=606) completed a co-produced survey during August 2020. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.

Findings

Five major categories were identified: valuing support from health professionals, feeling lost in and let down by the system, the impact of restrictions to partners and others, virtual contact is not the same as in-person contact, and the need for emotional and psychological wellbeing support.

Conclusion

The changes implemented may have compromised mental health and wellbeing in a critical period of vulnerability. Bringing stakeholders together can maximise learning from the emergency measures, to better inform future service provision. Work is needed to better hear from minoritised groups and ensure they are not further marginalised by changes.
Special measures and warning notices: a case study
Authors: Halliwell Amanda
Published: August 2021

A review of a recently issued Care Quality Comission inspection report identifies what can lead to special measures and warning notices and reveals much about the focus of inspectors. Amanda Halliwell reports.
Assessing hip fracture risk in type-2 diabetic patients using CT-based autonomous finite element methods
Authors: Rotman Dani , Ariel Gal , Rojas Lievano Jorge , Schermann Haggai , Trabelsi Nir , Salai Moshe , Yosibash Zohar , Sternheim Amir
Published: September 2021

Aims

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) impairs bone strength and is a significant risk factor for hip fracture, yet currently there is no reliable tool to assess this risk. Most risk stratification methods rely on bone mineral density, which is not impaired by diabetes, rendering current tests ineffective. CT-based finite element analysis (CTFEA) calculates the mechanical response of bone to load and uses the yield strain, which is reduced in T2DM patients, to measure bone strength. The purpose of this feasibility study was to examine whether CTFEA could be used to assess the hip fracture risk for T2DM patients.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was undertaken using autonomous CTFEA performed on existing abdominal or pelvic CT data comparing two groups of T2DM patients: a study group of 27 patients who had sustained a hip fracture within the year following the CT scan and a control group of 24 patients who did not have a hip fracture within one year. The main outcome of the CTFEA is a novel measure of hip bone strength termed the Hip Strength Score (HSS).

Results

The HSS was significantly lower in the study group (1.76 (SD 0.46)) than in the control group (2.31 (SD 0.74); p = 0.002). A multivariate model showed the odds of having a hip fracture were 17 times greater in patients who had an HSS ≤ 2.2. The CTFEA has a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 76%, and an area under the curve of 0.90.

Conclusion

This preliminary study demonstrates the feasibility of using a CTFEA-based bone strength parameter to assess hip fracture risk in a population of T2DM patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(9):1497–1504.
The diagnostic and prognostic value of artificial intelligence and artificial neural networks in spinal surgery
Authors: McDonnell Jake M. , Evans Shane Richard , McCarthy Laura , Temperley Hugo , Waters Caitlin , Ahern Daniel , Cunniffe Gráinne , Morris Seamus , Synnott Keith , Birch Nick , Butler Joseph S.
Published: September 2021

In recent years, machine learning (ML) and artificial neural networks (ANNs), a particular subset of ML, have been adopted by various areas of healthcare. A number of diagnostic and prognostic algorithms have been designed and implemented across a range of orthopaedic sub-specialties to date, with many positive results. However, the methodology of many of these studies is flawed, and few compare the use of ML with the current approach in clinical practice. Spinal surgery has advanced rapidly over the past three decades, particularly in the areas of implant technology, advanced surgical techniques, biologics, and enhanced recovery protocols. It is therefore regarded an innovative field. Inevitably, spinal surgeons will wish to incorporate ML into their practice should models prove effective in diagnostic or prognostic terms. The purpose of this article is to review published studies that describe the application of neural networks to spinal surgery and which actively compare ANN models to contemporary clinical standards allowing evaluation of their efficacy, accuracy, and relatability. It also explores some of the limitations of the technology, which act to constrain the widespread adoption of neural networks for diagnostic and prognostic use in spinal care. Finally, it describes the necessary considerations should institutions wish to incorporate ANNs into their practices. In doing so, the aim of this review is to provide a practical approach for spinal surgeons to understand the relevant aspects of neural networks.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(9):1442–1448.