bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Classification Mining of Tank Driving Simulation Training Data
Authors: Deng Qing , Tan Yaxin , Zhai Kai , Luan Weizhen
Published: March 2021

Training with tank driving simulator is an important method to improve equipment operation skills. In view of the deficiency that it is difficult to find knowledge and rules from complex training data by statistical analysis method in the past driving simulation training, this paper proposes CSAGA-LSSVM algorithm to analyze tank driving simulation training data. Selecting key points to quickly generate shapelets, reducing the number of candidate shapelets; combining shapelets according to distance and time interval to enhance the ability of feature identification; designing adaptive genetic algorithm to dynamically adjust the probability of crossover and mutation to find the optimal parameter solution of least squares support vector machine. The algorithm is applied to the classification mining of shift operation data from a certain tank driving simulator to extract the operation characteristics of personnel.
Research on Compression Molding Process of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer
Authors: Xie Jiuming , Wu Jin , Zhou Xuejun
Published: March 2021

The compression molding process of CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) is a multi-parameter coupled system, and its molding mechanism is very complex. Based on the Gel point and the glass transition temperature of the matrix material, the compression molding process of CFRP is divided into three sub-processes: thermal-chemical process, flow-compaction process and residual stress-deformation process, and the mathematical constitutive model of each sub-process is established. On the basis, the interaction and calling relationship of each sub-process are determined, which lays a foundation for the molding process simulation of CFRP and further analysis of its multi-parameter coupling effect mechanism.
An Information Model of Power Distribution IoT and Its Application
Authors: Liu Xianming , Sun Bowen , Cheng Ming , Qiu Rixuan , Wen Zhiming
Published: March 2021

Power distribution of Internet of Thing technology develops quickly nowadays, however, the basic information structure of power distribution IoT is still in research and development. This article raises a new information model of Power Distribution IoT and discusses logical topology, matching of measurement value for measurement point and isomorphic model of map location, it provides a consistent algorithm for information model of power distribution IoT as well. Based on existed research, a new hypothesis is raised, which focuses on the structure of connected data product of power distribution IoT and it discusses the process of how to realize the architecture further. Lastly, article introduces a successful research and development case of information model of Power Distribution IoT to prove practicability of it.
Research on Dust Generation Mechanism and Dust Reduction of Tidal Shotcrete in Underground Coal Mine
Authors: Dong Huihui
Published: March 2021

Through the research on the source and mechanism of the dust generated by the tidal shotcrete in coal mine, and the inevitability analysis of the tidal shot from the aspect of construction technology, the main influencing factors of the dust are summarized, and the tidal shot,which is The direction of concrete dust reduction and related measures.
Filling Missing Value Method for Power Quality Data Based on Correlation Analysis
Authors: Liang Yundan , Jiang Wei , Liu Weiwei , Lei Shuya , Lu Weijiang
Published: March 2021

A large number of monitoring indicators own strong correlation among them which help to better fill missing values in these sensor data. In this study, we propose an electric power quality data filling method based on correlation analysis. Firstly, normalized mutual information method is applied to deal with nonlinear correlation which makes up for the deficiency that the traditional Pearson correlation coefficient. Additionally, the measurement of correlation is calculated to obtain the closely correlated indicators. This study utilizes the regression model to build the strong regression model. Experimental results show that the approach can effectively improve the accuracy of filling, reduce the filling error, and improve the quality of data.
Zero-Shot Entity Recognition via Multi-Source Projection and Unlabeled Data
Authors: Yi Huixiong , Cheng Jin
Published: March 2021

With the widespread of transfer learning, great success has been achieved in named entity recognition on languages without labeled data. Prior works can be mainly classified into two categories: direct model transfer and annotation projection. However, these works only utilize part of available data, including monolingual word embeddings, labeled data in multiple source languages, and unlabeled data in the target language. To make full use of these data and extract more information, we propose to train multiple teacher models on multiple source languages via the annotation projection method. Then a student model is trained on the unlabeled data in the target language with supervision from all labels obtained from multiple teacher models. Extensive experiments are conducted on three benchmark datasets, and the experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Hyperspectral Open Set Classification towards Deep Networks Based on Boxplot
Authors: Liu Yu , Hou Jing , Peng Yuanxi , Xu Yunpeng , Jiang Tian
Published: March 2021

Recently, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) supervised classification has achieved an astonishing performance by using deep learning. However, most of them take the ideal assumption of ‘closed set’, where all testing classes have been known during training. In fact, in the real world, new classes unseen in training may appear during testing. Obviously, traditional supervised classification methods cannot operate correctly in the real world, which requires classifiers not only to classify known classes, but reject the unknown in order to avoid false positives. This challenge is called ‘open set classification’(OSC). Considering the increased applications of deep learning in the real world, rejecting unknown classes during classification is of vital importance. To tackle it, we present a simple but effective HSI OSC method toward deep networks. In this method, we tighten the decision boundaries of SoftMax function of the last layer of the deep networks by using boxplots to analysis the statistical characteristics of the probability distribution of known classes and generate a proper rejection threshold for each known class. To test the performance of the proposed HSI OSC method, experiments are conducted on three HSI datasets. The results show that the proposed method outperforms existing state-of-the-art HSI OSC methods.
An Improved Data Fusion Method for Water Quality Sensors
Authors: Wang Zhaoli , Xiao Jian , Yang Yiwei
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes an improved data fusion method for water quality sensors. First, a deep learning network model is formed by stacking automatic encoder and sparse automatic encoder, so as to realize feature mining and sparse representation of sample data. Second, after large-scale sample training, the network model may fit complex nonlinear functions, and has certain generalization ability for low-quality sample data. As a result, the accuracy of prediction and classification can be improved. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain higher classification accuracy.
Comprehensive Calibration Platform Based on Instrument-shared Networks
Authors: Lu Bing , Zhang Jun , Jian Zini , Zhou Wei , Wang Xianpei
Published: March 2021

In power test units at all levels, the calibration of equipment is one of the daily tasks. Various departments have repeatedly purchased many standard equipment, and some calibration tasks require moving the standard equipment to temporarily build a corresponding calibration system, which is expensive and unfavorable for the maintenance of the standard equipment. The paper proposes a comprehensive calibration platform based on the network sharing of instruments. The platform optimizes the standard equipment configuration of each department and automatically allocates the standard equipment on the platform according to the calibration task. Then it builds the calibration platform and completes the calibration task in accordance with the calibration process. The platform can perform multiple same or different calibration tasks at the same time and generate corresponding calibration certificates, which reduces the workload of calibration personnel and improves the reliability and utilization of standard equipment. The paper gives the model architecture and workflow of the platform. Experiments verify the effectiveness of the platform.
Study on Nonlinear Dynamic Numerical Analysis Method of the Suspension Crossing Frame
Authors: Zhao Jiangtao , Cheng Yongfeng , Xia Yongjun , Ma Yong , Peng Fei
Published: March 2021

At present, the calculation method based on statics does not consider the impact of the conductor on the crossing structure under the condition of disconnection or running. Therefore, the research on the element type of the suspension crossing frame and the conductor in numerical calculation and the behaviours of conductor breaking and running were carried out. Through the free swing test of the conductor, it was found that the conductor had certain flexibility under a certain length. Truss element should be selected to discretize the fiber rope of the conductor and crossing frame and this method could simulate the physical characteristics of the conductor and fiber rope objectively and truly. In the case of running line, the horizontal velocity of the conductor had almost no change along the axial direction of the conductor, while the vertical velocity presented a fluctuating distribution along the axial direction. In the case of the broken conductor, the horizontal and vertical velocity of the conductor were fluctuating along the axial direction of the conductor. The height of the conductor not only affected the horizontal velocity of the conductor, but also affected the vertical velocity of the conductor. It had important reference significance for the numerical calculation of nonlinear dynamics of the suspension crossing frame.
Correlation Analysis between NPP-VIIRS Nighttime Light Data and POIs Data —a Comparison Study in Different Districts and Counties of Nanchang
Authors: Wang Yuqian , Li Yue , Song Xuepeng , Zou Xin , Xiao Jiajun
Published: March 2021

The study of urban spatial structure is very important for understanding the relationship between people and urban infrastructure as well as urban planning . This paper selected the 2016-2019 NPP-VIIRS NTL data and POI data of Nanchang City to conduct a pixel-level correlation analysis of Nanchang urban districts and counties. Firstly, the NPP-VIIRS and POI datasets should be respectively preprocessed to synthesize NPP-VIIRS annual average dataset and the POI kernel density dataset. Secondly, these datasets were respectively subjected to logarithmic transformation. Finally, they were divided into administrative districts for linear regression analysis. Experimental results showed that the correlation coefficients between NPP-VIIRS NTL data and POIs data gradually decreased from urban to rural districts.
Research on Technologies of Vulnerability Mining and Penetration Testing for Satellite Communication Network
Authors: Dong Kun , Zhang Haixia , Liu Yanmei , Li Yang , Peng Yuanyuan
Published: March 2021

According to the specific characteristics of software, hardware and network protocols, the cyber security problems of satellite communication network have gradually attracted the attention of the industry in recent years. This paper proposes a technical framework including information collection and detection, vulnerability mining and penetration testing. It introduces mining methods such as taint analysis, symbol execution and fuzzy testing, and combines with machine learning algorithms to improve the efficiency and accuracy of vulnerability mining. It uses buffer overflow, SQL injection, cross-site attack and Trojan horse penetration to test the security of satellite communication network. It is helpful to improve the ability of proactive defense and security guarantee of satellite communication network.
Collision and Communication of Life and Death View of Buddhist Architecture in Jiangxi Province
Authors: Xu Feijin , Hu Yu , Xie Fang
Published: March 2021

Before India’s early Buddhist view of life and death was introduced into China, the traditional view of life and death of Chinese hundred schools had already formed a relatively perfect philosophy system, such as Mohism, Taoism and Confucianism. Their philosophy has a certain height of the discussion of life and death, and in this case, through the investigation of Jiangxi Buddhist architectural culture, from the perspective of Jiangxi to explore how the Buddhist philosophy is to change itself, and actively integrate into China and Jiangxi’s environmental secular world.
Finite Element Simulation of the Autoclave Curing Process of Aerospace Resin-based Composite Material
Authors: He Jun , Cong Fanglin , Cao Meng , Li Xiaodong , Wang Shuo
Published: March 2021

Due to the influence of the wall thickness, uneven heat transfer, and heat generation inside the resin during the molding of the composite material, the uneven temperature field distribution of the composite material is caused. This paper uses ABAQUS to perform finite element simulation on the temperature field of the forming process and obtains the distribution of the internal temperature field of the composite material. On the premise of obtaining the temperature field, through thermo-solid coupling simulation experiment, the influence of various factors on the entire curing process is compared. Based on the use of finite element simulation software, several comparative tests were carried out, and the residual stress problems in the curing process were verified by calling the stress and strain values of representative points. This article focuses on the analysis of temperature and energy data in heat transfer and 15 sets of stress-strain data under coupling action. On the premise of giving the reasons for each data, the accuracy and practicality of the data are analyzed.
Analysis of Anti-interference Ability of Hyperspectral Sensitive Features to Wheat Powdery Mildew
Authors: Zhao Jinling , Chu Guomin , Yan Hao , Hu Lei , Xue Yongan
Published: March 2021

The development of ground-based, airborne and spaceborne remote sensing has greatly facilitated the identification and diagnosis of various objects. Corresponding algorithms and methods of removing interference from remotely sensed imagery have been proposed. Nevertheless, the studies on anti-interference ability of selected features have not been fully considered. In our study, the hyperspectral reflectance of leaf-scale powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) on winter wheat were collected as the testing dataset. A total of seven representative spectral features of Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and GaoFen-1 Wide-Field-View (WFV) was selected, namely, original blue, green, red, near-infrared (NIR) bands and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference greenness index (NDGI), structure insensitive pigment index (SIPI). Four hyperspectral vegetation indices including red edge (MSR) simple ratio index, NDVI, green band and SIPI were also selected. Three primary background noises including soil, cloud and white poplar (Populus alba L.) were added into the spectral signal. The correlation coefficient (R) between disease severities (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) and spectral features was used to estimate the anti-interference ability. The results show that there is a generally similar spectral performance for the two sensors, but Landsat-8 OLI is superior to GF-1 WVF in terms of spectral response. The green band was greatly affected with the R values decreasing from 0.77 to 0.35. The MSR and NDVI showed a gradual decrease with the increase of three background noises. The study shows that background noises must be removed when acquiring spectral data and stable spectral features should be also selected by evaluating the anti-interference ability.
Research on the Construction of Intelligent Library in the Age of Big Data
Authors: Jing Yang
Published: March 2021

In today’s Internet age, great changes have taken place in the way people live and work. Under this social background, the future development direction of libraries must be adjusted to keep pace with the times, and new technologies such as artificial intelligence should be driven to build an intelligent development mode. Taking big data as the breakthrough point, this paper summarizes the current problems faced by Chinese libraries in the process of intelligent construction, and puts forward its countermeasures from the aspects of information resources, service management mode and technical capability.
An Approach to Spatial Variations and Resilience of Small Island Sustainability: A Case Study of Kiribati
Authors: Liu Chunyu
Published: March 2021

Small island states are regarded as the poster children in the resilience of global climate change, while their sustainability varies within individual states considering the complicated interactions of spatially differentiated environmental, economic, and social factors. As the typical case of sea-locked scattering atolls, Kiribati shows its dramatic sustainability variations in different spatial scales. The findings of place-specified questionnaires from Kiribati citizens show that local perspectives on sustainability vary among urban areas, rural areas, as well as remote island areas. The results of the research hopefully provide policy implications for space-specific small island sustainability resilience.
Analysis on the Coupling Effect of Xi’an-Yinchuan High Speed Railway and Economy Development in Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia District Railway and Economy Development in Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia District
Authors: Han Shumin , Han Feng , Zhang Shaojin , Li Yuan , Zhang Jiancai
Published: March 2021

Rail transit has been playing a vital role in comprehensive transportation system, there goes without saying that rail transit will stimulate economic growth of the regions alongside railway lines, its coverage and development pattern will exert widespread and far-reaching impact on the area where railway travels through. In Xi’an-Yinchuan High-speed Railway construction setting, firstly, building an accessibility model based on the GIS platform and comparing analysis of traffic accessibility changes in the study area before and after the opening of the high-speed rail. Secondly, relying on the railway network and economic relations to establish comprehensive indicators System, build a coupling model of rail transit and regional economy in Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia. Finally, predicting the coupling relationship between economy and transportation after the opening of high-speed rail. The experimental results show that the accessibility of cities along the line changes greatly before and after the completion of the high-speed rail. The high-speed rail line obviously promotes the economic development of the old revolutionary areas and surrounding cities along the line, and provides guiding suggestions for further improving the rapid railway network.
Groundwater Chemical Characteristics and Salinization Mechanism in the Coastal Plain of the South Bank of Laizhou Bay
Authors: Du Dong , Liu Hongwei , Zhang Jing , Miao Jingjie , Cao Xinyu
Published: March 2021

Based on 59 groundwater samples which were collected on the south bank of Laizhou Bay, the main ionic ratios analysis and the main ionic Piper three-line diagram was done. The results show that from offshore to nearshore, groundwater hydrochemical is mainly freshwater, brackish water, salt water, and brine. And the ion type transforms from HCO3-Ca to HCO3·Cl-Ca, then converted to HCO3·Cl-Na and further transformed into Cl·HCO3-Na, then changed to Cl-Na regularity. By calculating some conventional water ion ratios which include Na/CL, K/CL, Ca/CL, SO4/CL, the hydrogeochemical effects of water-rock interactions, the source of groundwater salinity and the mechanism of groundwater salinization were investigated in this study. The anion-cation exchange reaction in the groundwater of the brackish water transition zone in the northern part of the monitoring section is more obvious than that in the southern underground freshwater. The main hydrogeochemical processes occurring in the brackish water transition zone are the dissolution of minerals (calcite, anhydrite and rock salt), precipitation of gypsum and dissipation of carbon dioxide. And the main cation exchange in this area is Ca-Na exchange.
A multipronged core power control strategy for Reaktor TRIGA PUSPATI
Authors: Minhat Mohd Sabri , Subha Nurul Adilla Mohd , Hassan Fazilah , Husain Abdul Rashid , Ahmad Anita , Ismail Fatimah Sham , Hamzah Norikhwan
Published: March 2021

At present, the power tracking performance of nuclear Reaktor TRIGA PUSPATI (RTP) is considered unsatisfactory performance due to relatively long settling time during transient and a chattering noise during steady-state power output. Application of the conventional Feedback Control Algorithm (FCA) as a power control technique is proven to be inadequate to keep the core power output stable and within tight multiple parameter constraints for the safety demand of the RTP. Hence, the present study proposed a multipronged core power control strategy improvement through manipulation of the current Control Rod Selection Algorithm (CRSA), Control Rod Speed Design (CRSD), and Power Change Rate Constraint (PCRC) which are part of the core power control design. In this paper, the profiling and analysis of the multipronged core power control strategy are presented. The model for core power control consists of mathematical models of the reactor core, FCA controller, and a series of multipronged models. The mathematical models of the reactor core are based on the point kinetics model, thermal-hydraulic model, and reactivity model. The reactor model is integrated with the FCA controller and a combination of CRSA-CRSD-PCRC models. The power tracking performance of the proposed control strategy and conventional FCA is compared via computer simulation. Overall, the results show the multipronged FCA offers a wider options for optimum operation of the TRIGA reactor.
A Malaysian Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory participation in the IAEA/WHO Postal Dose Quality Audit: Data Analysis 2009 – 2019
Authors: Abdullah N , Dolah M T
Published: March 2021

Participation of Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) of Malaysia in the IAEA/WHO Postal Dose Quality Audit Service is very important in confirming the traceability of absorbed dose measurements provided to the radiotherapy centres. In the audit, the SSDL was supplied with a set of dosimeter for irradiation with absorbed dose to water of 200 cGy in reference conditions using 60Co teletherapy or medical linear accelerator. In the period of 2009 to 2019, a total of 10 photon beams from 60Co teletherapy unit, 6 MV X-ray and 10 MV X-ray produced by medical linear accelerator have been audited. The results of the audit demonstrate that the mean of percentage deviations between the SSDL and the IAEA measurements was -0.35% with standard deviation of 0.86%. The deviations vary between a minimum percentage relative deviation of -2.5% and a maximum of 0.6%. These results were considered satisfactory in which complied with the IAEA’s acceptance limit of ± 3.5%.
Development of Gaussian dispersion computer code enhanced with building downwash parameter
Authors: Omar Nurlyana , Hock-Koh Meng
Published: March 2021

Atmospheric dispersion has been well known in environmental risk assessment. However, one parameter in atmospheric dispersion which is the building downwash was always neglected when calculating the dispersion of radioactive effluent using basic Gaussian dispersion model. In the Gaussian model, this parameter usually replaces by a value which is far from being accurate. The results of can differ almost to half of the actual result. Thus, the building downwash must be included in the calculation for more accurate dispersion results. This work focusses on the development of computer code to calculate the dispersion of radionuclide effluent which emphasis on the building downwash parameters. There are two parts of this work, the first is the basic Gaussian dispersion model computer code, named GD-Nx3 and the second part is the Gaussian dispersion model enhanced with building downwash which called GDb-Nx3. Both computer codes were build using Fortran computer language.
Generation of Geiger-Muller detector dataset for simulation of radioactive source localization algorithm
Authors: Rahman Nur Aira Abd , Sahari Khairul Salleh Mohamed , Abdullah Nor Arymaswati , Jalal Muhammad Fairuz Abdul , Hamid Nasri A
Published: March 2021

Detector dataset in digital data is required to simulate and evaluate a particle filter (PF) algorithm. The PF is used to estimate the position and intensity of unknown hotspots within a region of interest (ROI) from sparse sampling points around the ROI. The dataset will emulate GM measured data at these sampling points. GM radiation detection model, Poisson random variable generator, and Gaussian noise generator were implemented to generate the datasets. Next, using the datasets as input to the PF code, the corresponding output is evaluated for various configuration of hotspot locations and radiation intensities. The resulting detector datasets and the particle filter output were analyzed; and the results are presented in the paper.
Gadolinium-doped polymeric as a shielding material for X-ray
Authors: Tajudin S M , Aminordin Sabri A H , Abdul Aziz M Z , Tabbakh F
Published: March 2021

A relatively new polymeric base compounds (CnH2n) had been proposed as a shielding material for 150 keV photon for an X-ray laboratory. When doped with 8 % gadolinium (Gd), a thickness of 2 cm shielding compound (6 g cm−3) could attenuate more than 90 % of the incident photons with an average dose rate reduction of more than 88 % for 150 keV incident photon. While considering the transmitted photons after the shielding, it is necessary to account for reflected photons and its dose contribution. The reflected photons and ambient dose equivalent were calculated for single-photon energy of 150 keV and an X-ray of 150 kVp. The shielding compound was successfully attenuated most of the incident photon energies particularly below 90 keV. In both cases of photon sources, two significant reflected photon peaks at ~40 and 50 keV were observed as a result of Gd characteristic X-rays. A Compton scattered photon at energy of 95 keV appeared as a result of large scattering angle within 130° -140° for 150 keV incident photons. Thus it is necessary to add a thin inner layer at the source-facing side of the shielding compound to shield the radiation workers and patient inside the X-ray room during the X-ray procedure. An iron layer with thickness of 0.5 cm was adequate to shield almost completely the reflected photons and ambient dose for X-ray 150 kVp source
Evaluation of nuclear medicine planar images based on partial volume effects and recovery coefficients at different activity levels of radionuclides and matrix sizes
Authors: Yusof Mohd Fahmi Mohd , Ghazali Nor Amalyna , Ghani Ummi Solehah Ab , Khaizul Ahmad Thaifur , Hamid Puteri Nor Khatijah Abd
Published: March 2021

The partial volume effect evaluations had been effectively used as method for the evaluation of SPECT images in nuclear medicine. The study focused on the use of partial volume effect method and the evaluation of recovery coefficient in the 2D planar images in nuclear medicine. The planar images were obtained by using a modified Jaszczak phantom that contains radionuclide volume of differents diameter sizes and three activity levels. The planar images were also taken at three different matrix sizes of gamma camera set up at 128 x 128, 256 x 256 and 512 x 512. The results showed that the contrast values increased exponentially at larger diameter sizes of radionuclide. The contrast also significantly increased when higher matrix sizes were used. The recovery coefficient evaluation of the planar images were singnificantly decreased when larger matrix sizes were used. There were no significant differences between the recovery coefficients between planar images obtained with and without background counts. The overall results indicated the suitability of using the partical volume efffect method to evaluate the planar images of nuclear medicine.
The effect of object to film distance (OFD) to industrial radiography image
Authors: Ramli R , Amin M S M , Zasikin M H
Published: March 2021

The object to film distance (OFD) to image when using radiography testing were discussed and whether the image can be improved by IIP Console Software in Digital Radiography method were studied. The artificial defect of wooden block with different size was used as the test sample in this study. The object to film distance (OFD) to the image were capture by using XRS-4 model X-ray source and flat panel detector. The image was analyzing by using IIP Console Software. The obtained results show that irregular surface has better and sharper image compare to flat surface to 9 mm hole wooden block. Meanwhile for 15 mm hole, flat wooden block show better and sharper image compare to irregular surface
Application of Neutron Flux from PUSPATI TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor in Enhancing Superconducting Properties of BSCCO Superconductor
Authors: Hamid Nasri A , Mohiju Zaahidah Atiqah
Published: March 2021

The PUSPATI TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor is currently been used in various applications such as Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), Delayed Neutron Activation Analysis (DNAA), radioisotope production for medical, industrial and agricultural purposes, Neutron Radiography and Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS). However, there are not much research activities on utilizing neutron flux from the reactor to study properties of superconducting materials. For superconductors to be fabricated into components of electrical and magnetic devices, the sustainability of the transition temperature, TC and the transport critical current density, JC of the materials is vital to ensure the durability and effectiveness of the devices. A strong superconducting flux pinning capability of superconductors is necessary to maintain high TC and larger JC. Meanwhile, exposure of superconductors to neutron flux is able to create the self-organization of defects that are responsible in producing higher TC and JC in superconductors where the defects act as the flux pinning centres. In this paper, we report the utilization of neutron flux from the PUSPATI TRIGA Mark II research reactor in enhancing the TC and JC of bismuth-strontium-calcium-copper oxide (BSCCO) superconductor. Appropriate sample holder and shielding was fabricated as protection from radiation effect. In this work, 2212-phase BSCCO superconductor (Bi-2212 phase) samples were synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction method. The samples underwent fast neutron irradiation with neutron flux of 2.0 × 1011 neutrons/(cm2.s) for 6 hours. Results showed that the TC of the samples improved slightly, and the JC was found to increase by more than 3 folds.
Radiation measurement of boron neutron capture therapy research facility at T riga Mark-II research reactor Malaysia
Authors: Shalbi Safwan , Sazali N , Rosdi Muhammad Aliff Ashraff , Idris Faridah Mohamad
Published: March 2021

Proper shielding ionizing radiations is a mandatory requirement in all nuclear facilities owing to the harmful effects of radiation on workers and general public. The present work is aimed to measure neutron fluxes and gamma fluxes around the Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) research facility at the PUSPATI TRIGA Reactor. This measurement is needed in the subsequent safety assessment so as to ensure the research facility is safely operated
Seismic hazard assessment (SHA) in Sabah using the international monitoring system (IMS) data of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO): The preliminary findings
Authors: Zolkaffly M Z , Rashid F I A
Published: March 2021

Sabah is the most seismically active state in Malaysia where it has recorded higher number of moderate seismological activities for the past decades, as compared to other states in the country. The seismicity map of Sabah shows the presence of two zones of distinctive seismicity, which are Ranau in Kota Kinabalu and Lahad Datu in the southeast of Sabah. The International Monitoring System (IMS) network setup by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) has successfully detected seismic events occurred in Sabah for the past decades. This paper aims at presenting the preliminary findings of seismic hazard assessment (SHA) in Sabah using the IMS data. This study utilised seismic data from the CTBTO International Data Centre and then analysed to identify the related seismicity parameters including magnitude, depth, and intensity. The Extreme Value Distribution Type-I has been applied to evaluate the maximum magnitude data, where the results of analysis have enabled the quantification of seismic hazard in Sabah in terms of recurrence periods and probabilities of occurrence of earthquake at any given magnitude. Consequently, the findings from this study could be to assess the impact of seismic events in Sabah as well as assist relevant entities in development planning and disaster management.
The elemental distribution study of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Cd, As, Cr, Ni and Hg) in various fish species at local market in Muar, Johor using SEM-EDX
Authors: Mat Beyi N S , Embong Z , Sunar N M , Abdul Latiff M A B , Abdullah F , Suhaili Z
Published: March 2021

The polluted marine environment causes bioaccumulation of heavy metals particularly by fish, which is consumed by humans as sources of nutrients for humans, particularly as a source of protein. Thus, the investigation of the toxic heavy metals concentration levels in fish is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the heavy metals (Cd, Cr, As, Ni, Fe, Hg and Cu) contents in five different fish species, namelyRastelligar kanagurta, Selaroides leptolepis, Megalaspis cordyla, Decapterus ruselliandEuthynnus affinis. Each sample has been dried and grinds to 100 microns of powder form. The elemental composition of the heavy metals was determined using the rapid and versatile analytical technique, which is Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and the results were expressed as an atomic percentage. The percentage concentrations of Cd, As, Cr and Ni were found to be higher inR. kanagurtawhich are 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03% and 0.02%, while Cu was found to be higher inS. leptolepiswhich is 0.29%. For Hg element analysis, it was found that this element only exists inD. rusellispecies with atomic percentage of 0.02%. The atomic percentage concentration of As inR. kanagurtaandS. leptolepisare 0.02% and 0.01%. The element of Cr, Fe and Ni were detected inM. cordylawith atomic percentage of 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.02%. InE. affinis, Fe was the highest concentration of metals detected with 0.02%, while other elements such as Cr, Cu and Ni recorded similar the atomic percentages concentration at 0.01%. This study revealed thatR. kanagurtaspecies contributed most of the elements compared to other species. The accumulation of these toxic heavy metals from this fish species could contribute to the toxicity of heavy metals in the human body. However, since all heavy metal concentration measurements in this study are in atomic percentages level, hence it can be considered that the measurements are below the acceptable limit that suggested by WHO, FAO and UNSCEAR
Residence time distribution (RTD) of water flooding activity in oil recovery using vertical sand column: Radiotracer approach
Authors: Othman N , Wan Kamal W H B , Jasni N S , Rosli N R , Yahya R , Yusoff N H , Mohd Yunos M A S , Shah Dahing L N , Shari M R , Hassan H , Amahmood A , Terry A M , Abdullah N
Published: March 2021

Waterflooding is a common secondary recovery oil extraction method that can enhance oil recovery up to 45 percent overall recovery factor. Waterflooding is commonly used due to its availability, cost effectiveness and simplicity. Radioactive tracer was introduced to get the optimum Residence Time Distribution (RTD) model which indicates the mechanism of the system. Radiotracer Gallium-68 (Ga-68) is a positron emitting radioactive material, which is eluted from parent Germanium-68 (Ge-68) generator to study the water flooding activity inside the 15 μm grain size of sand pack column oil recovery study. The sand was cleaned, occupying a Perspex sand pack column of 30 cm length and 5 cm diameter arranged in vertical position. The water inlet and tracer were injected from the bottom of the column, assisted by a syringe pump, with the flow rate optimized at 3.5 ml/min in order to push the saturated oil inside the column. Four Sodium Iodide (NaI) scintillation detectors were installed accordingly and attached to 12-channel data analyzer (DAS) to acquire signals of the emitted positron from the Ga-68 solution and monitored by a laptop. The activity utilized was 766 μCi/3ml and the half-life of Ga-68 was 68 minutes with penetrative energy of 511 keV. Initial experience of using Ga-68 was eluting it with 0.05 M HCl for 90μCi/3ml and directly inject it using pulse injection at the upstream of the column. Nonetheless, there was no indication of tracer arrival at the output after several hours which indicated the sole Ga-68 behaves as sand tracer thus, some modification was made to the respective Ga-68 solution. Chelating with DOTA-NHS solution was the second experience with Ga-68, which produced satisfactory result. A very vivid signal was retrieved at the output and RTD model analysis was carried out. The results indicated that the vertical sand pack column behaved as a Perfect Mixer with Parallel Model.
Regulators and utility managers agree about barriers and opportunities for innovation in the municipal wastewater sector
Authors: Cantor Alida , Sherman Luke , Milman Anita , Kiparsky Michael
Published: March 2021

Despite pressures to improve performance and reduce costs, innovation in the municipal wastewater sector in the United States has been notoriously slow. Previous research has suggested that wastewater utility managers may see regulation as a barrier to developing and deploying new technologies. To better understand how environmental regulation may fuel or hinder innovation in this sector, we conducted a nationwide survey of wastewater utility managers and wastewater regulators in the United States, asking both populations about their perceptions of specific aspects of regulation and innovation. Survey results revealed broad agreement between the two groups that funding and capacity, regulatory relationships, and complexities and inconsistencies within the regulatory environment present key barriers to and opportunities for enabling increased innovation in the municipal wastewater sector. While utility managers perceived almost all aspects of regulation as stronger barriers and opportunities than regulators did, both groups ranked them similarly. These results are promising evidence of common ground between wastewater regulators and municipal wastewater utility managers, and suggest shared views of key leverage points for encouraging innovation. Notably, neither regulators nor utility managers viewed reducing regulatory stringency as a productive way to encourage the deployment of new technologies. Rather, our survey results suggest that improving relationships and communication between utility managers and regulators, along with additional funding support for increased capacity of both utilities and regulators, would be more fruitful ways to encourage innovation in the municipal wastewater sector.
Timing and energy stability of resonant dispersive wave emission in gas-filled hollow-core waveguides
Authors: Brahms Christian , Travers John C
Published: March 2021

We numerically investigate the energy and arrival-time noise of ultrashort laser pulses produced via resonant dispersive wave (RDW) emission in gas-filled hollow-core waveguides under the influence of pump-laser instability. We find that for low pump energy, fluctuations in the pump energy are strongly amplified. However, when the generation process is saturated, the energy of the RDW can be significantly less noisy than that of the pump pulse. This holds for a variety of generation conditions and while still producing few-femtosecond pulses. We further find that the arrival-time jitter of the generated pulse remains well below one femtosecond even for a conservative estimate of the pump pulse energy noise, and that photoionisation and plasma dynamics can lead to exceptional stability for some generation conditions. By applying our analysis to a scaled-down system, we demonstrate that our results hold for frequency conversion schemes based on both small-core microstructured fibre and large-core hollow capillary fibre.
Hague 35
Authors: Keene Alex Ruck
Published: March 2021

This chapter and that following provide a commentary upon Hague 35, amplifying the text of the Convention by reference both to the Explanatory Report upon the Convention prepared by Professor Lagarde, the Rapporteur to the Special Diplomatic Commission at which the Convention was agreed (hereafter ‘the Lagarde Report’) and to the limited number of cases before domestic courts in which the Convention has been considered. In these chapters, we identify those areas in which particular problems of interpretation or implementation have been or appear likely in future to be encountered, as well as suggest solutions to those problems. An assessment of the Convention as a whole then follows in Chapters 10.
Northern Ireland
Authors: Graham Michael
Published: March 2021

Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom with its own Regional Assembly, but is subject to direct rule from the UK Parliament in Westminster in relation to certain reserved matters. The law relating to mental capacity in Northern Ireland is in a period of change.
Isle of Man
Authors: Rimmer John
Published: March 2021

The Isle of Man is a British Crown possession. It had been subject to Norwegian, then competing claims of Scottish and English suzerainty. The English asserted a claim to its possession. English monarchs made successive grants of the Island to individuals. Ultimately, it was granted to Sir John Stanley, subject to English suzerainty. In 1765, by the Act of Revestment, the Island was transferred (with the Lordship) to the British Crown. The British monarch is therefore head of state as the Lord of Man. The Island has never formed part of the metropolitan territories of the United Kingdom, however.
Estonia
Authors: Haruoja Merle , Rekand Kristi , Ward Adrian
Published: March 2021

Estonia became an independent country in 1918 following centuries of domination—at different times—by Sweden, German-speaking Teutonic Knights, and Russia. After annexation by the Soviet Union, then occupation by Germany, Estonia was again occupied by the Soviet Union from 1944. Independence was restored by proclamation on 20 August 1991 by the Estonian Supreme Soviet, acting in agreement with the Estonian Committee (the executive organ of the Estonian Congress). That proclamation was rapidly followed by the restoration of diplomatic relations and recognition of the Republic of Estonia by many countries.
Brazil
Authors: Ward Adrian , de Freitas Marcia Araujo Sabino , Prata Henrique Moraes , Polido Fabr�cio Bertini Pasquot
Published: March 2021

Brazil is a civil law country, with mainly codified law, but which as a result of increasing common law influence is moving towards being a hybrid system. Brazil is a federal republic. States have their own laws and courts, but adult incapacity issues are governed mainly by federal law. State courts have jurisdiction in procedure for incapacitation. Cases are normally heard at first instance in specialized family and succession courts. The federal constitution of 1988 is frequently cited. International conventions approved by qualified majorities in both Houses of Congress attain the status of constitutional amendments. This applies, for example, to UN CRPD. The current civil code dates from 2002. There are in addition relevant statutes, particularly the Statute of Elderly Persons 2003 (‘2003 statute’).
Russia
Authors: Ward Adrian , Bartenev Dmitri
Published: March 2021

Russia is a civil law country. It is a federation of constituent entities (‘entities’). Laws affecting adults are made mainly at the federal level. Entities have very limited powers in this regard, such as defining the structure of public agencies responsible for implementing federal standards. The judicial system comprises courts of general jurisdiction (which hear both civil and criminal cases), commercial courts, the federal constitutional court, and (in some entities) regional constitutional courts. Courts of first instance are justice of the peace, district, and regional courts. The highest court with general jurisdiction is the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. District courts hear most adult protection cases, for which there are no special tribunals.
Spain
Authors: Frimston Richard , de los Reyes S�nchez Moreno Maria , Delgado Galindo Juan
Published: March 2021

Spain has a civil law system, is a member of the EU and is also multi-jurisdictional. Some regions (Cataluña, Aragón, Navarra) have specific laws affecting the protection of adults. Matters not covered by those laws and regions without specific laws are subject to the Spanish Civil Code (‘CC’).
Case Studies
Authors: van Overdijk Claire , Abrey Julia , Regan Alison , Ward Adrian , Ruck Keene Alex
Published: March 2021

Mr A is an adult habitually resident in France and is mentally incapable of making decisions about his property and financial affairs. His father, Mr Z, was appointed as his guardian by order of the relevant District Court in Paris. Mr A has assets in England in the form of an account with a bank in London. Under the terms of the French Order, which also declares the extent of Mr A’s incapacity, Mr Z was given wide powers to deal with all of the assets of Mr A but did not indicate that Mr Z’s powers were limited to Mr A’s estate in France.
Derivative Claims
Authors: Joffe QC Victor , Drake David , Richardson Giles , Lightman QC Daniel , Collingwood Timothy
Published: March 2021

The distinction between the personal rights of the shareholder and the rights of the company is fundamental to the concept of minority shareholder protection.
Foreign Aspects
Authors: Joffe QC Victor , Drake David , Richardson Giles , Lightman QC Daniel , Collingwood Timothy
Published: March 2021

This chapter considers the availability of relief where the company is not incorporated in England or Wales, and examines the principal problems which can arise where some of the parties are located out of the jurisdiction.
Human Rights
Authors: Bowes Ashley
Published: March 2021

The substantive provisions of the Human Rights Act were brought into force on 2 October 2000. Its purpose was to incorporate into domestic law the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights. The main features of the Act are:
Introduction
Authors: Gerber David A.
Published: March 2021

The United States is a nation of diverse peoples, formed not through a common genealogy, as were its European counterparts among capitalist democracies. Instead, its people have been bound together through allegiance to a constitution, outlining the framework for the making of law and for governance, and a loosely defined, ever-contested creed. Americans are moved to love their country not by membership in an “American family,” but rather by the powerful rhetorical formulations of Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence that establish the promise of “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” What this inspiring language means in practice is an ongoing argument that holds Americans together....