bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies of Glutathione Transferase P1‐1 Bound to a Platinum(IV)‐Based Anticancer Compound Reveal the Molecular Basis of Its Activation
Authors: Parker Lorien J. , Italiano Louis C. , Morton Craig J. , Hancock Nancy C. , Ascher David B. , Aitken Jade B. , Harris Hugh H. , Campomanes Pablo , Rothlisberger Ursula , De Luca Anastasia , Lo Bello Mario , Ang Wee Han , Dyson Paul J. , Parker Michael W.
Published: June 2011

Platinum‐based cancer drugs, such as cisplatin, are highly effective chemotherapeutic agents used extensively for the treatment of solid tumors. However, their effectiveness is limited by drug resistance, which, in some cancers, has been associated with an overexpression of pi class glutathione S‐transferase (GST P1‐1), an important enzyme in the mercapturic acid detoxification pathway. Ethacraplatin (EA‐CPT), a trans‐PtIV carboxylate complex containing ethacrynate ligands, was designed as a platinum cancer metallodrug that could also target cytosolic GST enzymes. We previously reported that EA‐CPT was an excellent inhibitor of GST activity in live mammalian cells compared to either cisplatin or ethacrynic acid. In order to understand the nature of the drug–protein interactions between EA‐CPT and GST P1‐1, and to obtain mechanistic insights at a molecular level, structural and biochemical investigations were carried out, supported by molecular modeling analysis using quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical methods. The results suggest that EA‐CPT preferentially docks at the dimer interface at GST P1‐1 and subsequent interaction with the enzyme resulted in docking of the ethacrynate ligands at both active sites (in the H‐sites), with the Pt moiety remaining bound at the dimer interface. The activation of the inhibitor by its target enzyme and covalent binding accounts for the strong and irreversible inhibition of enzymatic activity by the platinum complex.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanohybridization of Polyoxometalate Clusters and Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes: Applications in Molecular Cluster Batteries.
Authors: Kawasaki Naoya , Wang Heng , Nakanishi Ryo , Hamanaka Shun , Kitaura Ryo , Shinohara Hisanori , Yokoyama Toshihiko , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Awaga Kunio
Published: June 2011

(NBu4)3[PMo12O40] molecules are grafted onto the surface of single‐wall carbon nanotubes by addition of a MeCN solution of the polyoxometalate to a toluene suspension of the nanotubes under vigorous stirring at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Boron‐Based Films and Boron Nitride Layers by CVD of a Boron Ester.
Authors: Sachdev Hermann , Mueller Frank , Huefner Stefan
Published: June 2011

Chemical vapor deposition of (MeO)3B on a Rh(111) multilayer substrate leads to the formation of a boride type layer.
ChemInform Abstract: Four New Compounds Constructed from Bis‐Antimony‐Capped Keggin Polyoxoanions {PMo12Sb2O40} and Different Coordination Fragments.
Authors: Xiao Li‐Na , Peng Yu , Wang Yan , Xu Jia‐Ning , Gao Zhong‐Min , Liu Ya‐Bing , Zheng Da‐Fang , Cui Xiao‐Bing , Xu Ji‐Qing
Published: June 2011

The structures of the new Sb‐capped Keggin‐type compounds (IV) (triclinic, space group P$\bar 1$, Z = 2), (VI) (orthorhombic, Pccn, Z = 4), (VII) (monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 2), and (VIII) (P$\bar 1$, Z = 1) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: New Quaternary Indides RE7Ni5‐xGe3+xIn6 (RE: La, Nd, Sm).
Authors: Dominyuk Nataliya , Zaremba Vasyl I. , Poettgen Rainer
Published: June 2011

La7Ni4.46Ge3.54In6, Nd7Ni4.91Ge3.09In6, and Sm7Ni4.31Ge3.69In6 are prepared by arc melting of the elements.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Henry Reaction Catalyzed by C2‐Symmetric Modular BINOL‐Oxazoline Schiff Base Copper(II) Complexes Generated in situ.
Authors: Yang Wen , Du Da‐Ming
Published: June 2011

A library of 16 Schiff base copper complexes is generated in situ from four different chiral (2‐aminophenyl)oxazolines, four BINOL‐dicarboxaldehydes, and copper acetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Allenamides and Acyclic Dienes.
Authors: Faustino Helio , Lopez Fernando , Castedo Luis , Mascarenas Jose L.
Published: June 2011

A variety of polysubstituted cyclohexene derivatives, e.g. (III), (VII), (IX) or (XI), is prepared by highly regio‐ and diastereoselective Au(I)‐catalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition of allenamides with acyclic dienes.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Cyclopropenation of Alkynes with Acceptor/Acceptor‐Substituted Diazo Reagents via Co(II)‐Based Metalloradical Catalysis.
Authors: Cui Xin , Xu Xue , Lu Hongjian , Zhu Shifa , Wojtas Lukasz , Zhang X. Peter
Published: June 2011

The new Co complex (I) efficiently promotes the asymmetric cyclopropenation of various aromatic and conjugated alkynes with diazo compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Contraction Strategy for the Practical, Scalable, Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Versatile γ‐Quaternary Acylcyclopentenes.
Authors: Hong Allen Y. , Krout Michael R. , Jensen Thomas , Bennett Nathan B. , Harned Andrew M. , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: June 2011

Enantioselective decarboxylative internal allylation of esters (I) followed by hydride reduction and base‐promoted ring contraction of the intermediate cyclic β‐hydroxy ketones affords densely functionalized chiral acylcyclopentenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Powder‐CuI Cooperative Catalytic System in Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Tran Ngoc Thang , Cho Chan Sik , Sohn Ho‐Sang , Shim Sang Chul
Published: June 2011

A cheaper cooperative catalytic system in Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions of aryl‐, vinyl‐, alkyl‐substituted terminal alkynes with aryl iodides is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Copper‐Catalyzed C—H Allylation of Electron‐Deficient Arenes with Allyl Phosphates.
Authors: Yao Tomoyuki , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: June 2011

It is detailed, that the Cu(acac)2/phen system allows the efficient direct C—H allylation of polyfluoroarenes with allyl phosphates where the stereochemical information of the allyl phosphate is retained.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel One‐Pot Synthesis of Secondary Alcohols from Esters.
Authors: Chae Min Jung , Jeon Ah Ram , Park Jae Kyo , An Duk Keun
Published: June 2011

Partial reduction of the esters and subsequent alkylation or vinylation provides the desired alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Protocol for Copper‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl and Heteroaryl Bromides with Acetone Cyanohydrin.
Authors: Schareina Thomas , Zapf Alexander , Cotte Alain , Gotta Matthias , Beller Matthias
Published: June 2011

The alternative method allows a precise control of the critical cyanide concentration in solution by variation of the dosage rate.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Ligand‐Free, Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Sulfonamides.
Authors: Teo Yong‐Chua , Yong Fui‐Fong
Published: June 2011

The desired target compounds are readily available in generally good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Nickel‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of Aryl Sulfonates/Halides with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Fan Xin‐Heng , Yang Lian‐Ming
Published: June 2011

The air‐stable Ni(II)—(σ‐aryl) complex NIC in conjunction with monophosphane ligands efficiently catalyzes the cross‐coupling of arylsulfonates (OTos, OMes) and/or halides (Cl, Br, I).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Iron‐Mediated C(sp2)—C(sp3) Cross‐Coupling Reactions Between Aryl Grignard Reagents and Cyclic Iodohydrine Derivatives.
Authors: Steib Andreas K. , Thaler Tobias , Komeyama Kimihiro , Mayer Peter , Knochel Paul
Published: June 2011

The process provides the trans products with excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd Nanoparticles on a Porous Ionic Copolymer: A Highly Active and Recyclable Catalyst for Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction under Air in Water.
Authors: Yu Yanpeng , Hu Tongjie , Chen Xiaorong , Xu Kunling , Zhang Junli , Huang Jun
Published: June 2011

A copolymer of vinylimidazolium acetic acid and divinylbenzene is prepared and applied as a support for Pd nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon‐Based Solid Acid Catalyzed One‐Pot Mannich Reaction: A Facile Synthesis of β‐Amino Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Davoodnia Abolghasem , Tavakoli‐Nishaburi Afsaneh , Tavakoli‐Hoseini Niloofar
Published: June 2011

The three‐component condensation of acetophenone (I), aromatic aldehydes (II), and aromatic amines (III) in the presence of catalytic amounts of carbon‐based solid acid affords the title compounds (IV) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis and Practical Resolution of 1‐(Naphthalen‐1‐yl)ethanamine, a Key Intermediate for Cinacalcet.
Authors: Mathad Vijayavitthal T. , Shinde Gorakshanath B. , Ippar Sharad S. , Niphade Navnath C. , Panchangam Raghavendra K. , Vankawala Pravinchandra J.
Published: June 2011

A synthesis suitable for large‐scale production is given for the hydrochloride salt of (R)‐1‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)ethanamine (V), which is a key intermediate in the synthesis cinacalcet hydrochloride, a drug for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acidic Ionic Liquids as Efficient Catalysts for Clean Synthesis of Carbamatoalkyl Naphthols.
Authors: Tavakoli‐Hoseini Niloofar , Heravi Majid M. , Bamoharram Fatemeh F. , Davoodnia Abolghasem
Published: June 2011

A catalytic method for the synthesis of the title compounds (IV) (15 examples) by one‐pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes, β‐naphthol and carbamates using Broensted‐acidic ionic liquids as efficient, reusable, and eco‐friendly homogeneous catalysts is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Synthesis of Ynediones by a Glyoxylation/Stephens—Castro Coupling Sequence.
Authors: Merkul Eugen , Dohe Janis , Gers Charlotte , Rominger Frank , Mueller Thomas J. J.
Published: June 2011

The synthesis of ynediones is achieved through acylation of hetarenes and azulene with oxalyl chloride and subsequent CuI‐catalyzed Stephens—Castro coupling in one‐pot.
ChemInform Abstract: A Flow Chemistry Route to 2‐Phenyl‐3‐(1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)propan‐1‐amines.
Authors: Tarleton Mark , McCluskey Adam
Published: June 2011

Raney‐Ni catalyzed flow hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated nitriles in methanol provides the title compounds (II), whereas Pd‐C in acetone allows the selective reduction of the olefin double bond to give the saturated nitrile (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Arylindole‐2‐carboxylates via Copper‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of o‐Nitrophenyl‐Substituted Alkynoates and Subsequent Cadogan Cyclization.
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Yamada Satoshi , Nishiyama Hisao
Published: June 2011

A two‐step route to biologically important arylindole carboxylic esters is successfully established.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of 2‐(Bis((1,3,4‐oxadiazolyl/1,3,4‐thiadiazolyl)methylthio)methylene) malonitriles.
Authors: Padmavathi V. , Reddy G. Dinneswara , Reddy S. Nagi , Mahesh K.
Published: June 2011

Synthesized compounds (IV) are tested for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodocyclization versus Diiodination in the Reaction of 3‐Alkynyl‐4‐methoxycoumarins with Iodine: Synthesis of 3‐Iodofuro[2,3‐b]chromones.
Authors: Raffa Guillaume , Belot Sebastien , Balme Genevieve , Monteiro Nuno
Published: June 2011

The iodocyclization of alkynylmethoxycoumarins (I) and (III) proceeds smoothly at reflux temperature to give iodofurocoumarins (II) and (IV), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Evidence of the Kinetic and Thermodynamic Products in the NIS Promoted Cyclization of 1‐Phenyl‐4‐pentenylamines. Synthesis and Reactivity of trans‐2‐Phenyl‐5‐iodopiperidines.
Authors: Diaba Faiza , Bonjoch Josep
Published: June 2011

A straightforward method for the synthesis of 5‐iodo‐2‐phenylpiperidines by iodoaminocyclization of 1‐phenylpentenamines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Substituted N‐(3‐Arylpropyl)‐9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxoacridine‐4‐carboxamides as Potent MDR Reversal Agents in Cancer.
Authors: Velingkar V. S. , Dandekar V. D.
Published: June 2011

A variety of new acridine‐4‐carboxamides (VII) and (IX) is designed, synthesized by a novel route and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the transport activity of P‐glycoprotein.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,2‐Disubstituted Azaindolines by Intramolecular Cyclization in Acidic Media.
Authors: Metro Thomas‐Xavier , Fayet Christine , Arnaud Florian , Rameix Nathalie , Fraisse Pierre , Janody Simon , Sevrin Mireille , George Pascal , Vogel Rachel
Published: June 2011

Acidic treatment of various aminopyridine substrates bearing a hydroxyalkyl or alkenyl substituent at the ortho‐position of the amino‐group offers a simple method to synthesize the required building blocks.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Multistep Synthesis of 3,4‐Fused Isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one Analogues.
Authors: Li Lianhai , Chua Waepril Kimberly S.
Published: June 2011

Benzonitriles or nicotinonitriles bearing a ‐OH, ‐SH, or ‐NHR substituent are easily alkylated at the respective heteroatom with ester (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Triazole Incorporated Pyridazinones as a New Class of Antihypertensive Agents: Design, Synthesis and in vivo Screening.
Authors: Siddiqui Anees A. , Mishra Ravinesh , Shaharyar Mohammad , Husain Asif , Rashid Mohd. , Pal Palash
Published: June 2011

Carbohydrazide derivatives (II) react with aryl isothiocyanates (III) to afford the corresponding thiosemicarbazides which are cyclized to the final compounds (IV) by treatment with sodium hydroxide solution.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Rapid Synthesis of N‐Benzyl‐2‐substituted Piperazines.
Authors: Jida Mouhamad , Soueidan Mohamad , Willand Nicolas , Agbossou‐Niedercorn Francine , Pelinski Lydie , Laconde Guillaume , Deprez‐Poulain Rebecca , Deprez Benoit
Published: June 2011

A straightforward synthesis of the biologically interesting core structures is achieved through microwave‐promoted cyclocondensation of easily prepared Ugi products (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Improved One‐Pot Synthesis of C3‐Symmetric ClickPhos and Related Ligands: Structures of Unique Triazole—Zinc Complexes.
Authors: Zink Daniel M. , Baumann Thomas , Nieger Martin , Braese Stefan
Published: June 2011

Mono‐, bis‐, and tris(triazolyl)phosphanes are prepared by in three steps without isolation of the intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Base‐Promoted Synthesis of Substituted Selenophenes by Carbocyclization of (Z)‐Benzylselenoenynes.
Authors: Barancelli Daniela A. , Acker Carmine I. , Menezes Paulo H. , Zeni Gilson
Published: June 2011

Hydroselenation of diaryldiynes (II) with dibenzyl diselenides (I) affords benzylselenoenynes (III) which smoothly undergo cyclization in the presence of the strong base tBuOK to give 3‐benzyl‐2,5‐diaryls selenophenes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activity of ent‐Kaurene Derivatives.
Authors: Hueso‐Falcon Idaira , Cuadrado Irene , Cidre Florencia , Amaro‐Luis Juan M. , Ravelo Angel G. , Estevez‐Braun Ana , de las Heras Beatriz , Hortelano Sonsoles
Published: June 2011

A series of kaurene derivatives is synthesized and evaluated for their ability to suppress NO production in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Ursane‐Type Triterpenoid Glycoside (I) from Centella asiatica Leaves Modulates the Production of Nitric Oxide and Secretion of TNF‐α in Activated RAW 264.7 Cells.
Authors: Kim Young Ho , et al. et al.
Published: June 2011

The new ursane‐type triterpenoid glycoside, asiaticoside G (I), is isolated along with five known triterpenoids and four flavonoids from the leaves of Centella asiatica. Their chemical structures are elucidated and bioactivities are evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: A Biomimetic Approach to the Cylindrospermopsin Alkaloids.
Authors: Evans Daniel M. , Murphy Patrick J.
Published: June 2011

A tethered Biginelli condensation of hemiaminal derived from compound (I) with β‐keto ester (II) provides access to the tricyclic guanidine moiety found in cylindrospermin alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: A Non‐Iterative, Flexible, and Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Polydeoxypropionates — Synthesis of (+)‐Vittatalactone.
Authors: Weise Christian F. , Pischl Matthias , Pfaltz Andreas , Schneider Christoph
Published: June 2011

Trideoxypropionates (V) and (VII) are prepared via a short sequence involving an oxy‐Cope rearrangement, iridium‐catalyzed hydrogenation, and enolate methylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Antioxidant Xanthone Derivatives Induce Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis and Enhance Cell Death Induced by Cisplatin in NTUB1 Cells Associated with ROS.
Authors: Cheng Jen‐Hao , Huang A‐Mei , Hour Tzyh‐Chyuan , Yang Shyh‐Chyun , Pu Yeong‐Shiau , Lin Chun‐Nan
Published: June 2011

A series of novel xanthone derivatives (I) is prepared and screened for inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase and ABTS radical‐ion scavenging activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxide Nanomaterial Design Technology and Characterization
Authors: Lebbou K. , Tillement O.
Published: June 2011

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrated Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution: How Regular Are Their Structures?
Authors: Persson Ingmar
Published: June 2011

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Overview and Recent Developments in Catalytic Applications of Zeolites
Authors: Nicholas Christopher P.
Published: June 2011

Review: 195 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chiral N‐Phosphinyl Phosphoramide: Another Offspring for the Sage Phosphoric Acid Progenitor.
Authors: Johnston Jeffrey N.
Published: June 2011

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: [4 + 3] Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrogen‐Stabilized Oxyallyl Cations
Authors: Lohse Andrew G. , Hsung Richard P.
Published: June 2011

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution.
Authors: Pellissier Helene
Published: June 2011

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyclic Diene Metathesis: A Versatile Tool for the Construction of Defined Polymer Architectures
Authors: Mutlu Hatice , Montero de Espinosa Lucas , Meier Michael A. R.
Published: June 2011

Review: 221 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silatranes. A Review on Their Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity and Applications
Authors: Puri J. K. , Singh Raghubir , Chahal Varinder Kaur
Published: June 2011

Review: 311 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aliphatic Polyester Polymer Stars: Synthesis, Properties and Applications in Biomedicine and Nanotechnology
Authors: Cameron Donald J. A. , Shaver Michael P.
Published: June 2011

Review: 262 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Bidentate Phosphorus Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis: Privileged Ligand Approach vs. Combinatorial Strategies
Authors: Wassenaar Jeroen , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: June 2011

Review: 134 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoactive and Electroactive Dendrimers: Future Trends and Applications
Authors: Ceroni Paola , Venturi Margherita
Published: June 2011

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Five‐Membered Sulfur‐Heterocycles via 1,5‐Dipolar Electrocyclization of Thiocarbonyl Ylides and Related Processes
Authors: Mloston Grzegorz , Heimgartner Heinz
Published: June 2011

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Dioxide in Heterocyclic Synthesis
Authors: Wang Jing‐Lun , Miao Cheng‐Xia , Dou Xiao‐Yong , Gao Jian , He Liang‐Nian
Published: June 2011

Review: 169 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrocene—Indole Hybrids for Cancer and Malaria Therapy
Authors: Quirante Josefina , Dubar Faustine , Gonzalez Asensio , Lopez Concepcion , Cascante Marta , Cortes Roldan , Forfar Isabelle , Pradines Bruno , Biot Christophe
Published: June 2011

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Receptors and Electrochemical Sensors Based on Functionalized Calixarenes
Authors: Evtugyn G. A. , Stoikova E. E. , Shamagsumova R. V.
Published: June 2011

Review: 173 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Mechanism of Subcellular Localization of Nuclear Receptor CAR
Authors: Kanno Yuichiro , Inouye Yoshio
Published: June 2011

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Atropisomerism and Conformational Aspects of meso‐Tetraarylporphyrins and Related Compounds
Authors: Tome Augusto C. , Silva Artur M. S. , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero Jose
Published: June 2011

Review: 251 refs.
Blueprint of an ancestral neurosensory organ revealed in glial networks in human dental pulp
Authors: Farahani Ramin M. , Simonian Mary , Hunter Neil
Published: June 2011

Sensory function of human dental pulp has long been known. A composite role has been suggested for odontoblasts as sensory cells in addition to the synthesis of dentinal matrix. However, the neural basis for such a composite sensory activity remains enigmatic. Here, we aimed to probe the question by pursuing an evolutionary logic; if dental pulp is a vestigial sensory organ co‐opted to a function of synthesis of mineralized matrix, essential elements of neurosensory organs may persist in dental pulp. Through structural analysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy, three distinct cell populations adjacent to odontoblasts, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ seracytes, S100+ telacytes, and HLA‐II+ alacytes were identified in peripheral human dental pulp. Subsequent molecular fingerprinting by quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction established these cells as analogous to radial glia (GFAP+ cells), astrocytes (S100+ cells), and microglia (HLA‐II+ cells) of central nervous system organs. In the cell‐rich zone of the pulp, S100+ cells formed a network, ensheathed unmyelinated axons, and extended end‐feet around the capillaries. The microcirculation adjacent to the glial cells in the cell‐rich zone possessed ultrastructural features and a gene expression profile typical of the blood‐brain barrier system. These novel findings support a new paradigm for understanding sensory functionality of dental pulp by the demonstration of a sophisticated neural structure in the human dental pulp that is analogous to other central sensory organs. Further, the structure that is revealed informs the concept of the evolutionary origin of the dental pulp, suggesting that a neurosensory organ was the precursor structure of teeth. J. Comp. Neurol.519:3306–3326, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ciliated cells in abdominal or pelvic fine needle aspirations: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Perry Kyle D. , Cheng Ning Li , Eberts Paul , Yang Jack
Published: June 2011

Ciliated cells encountered outside of an expected anatomical location (e.g., the respiratory tract, fallopian tube, etc) can represent a diagnostic difficulty for the cytopathologist, especially during preliminary assessment of a fine needle aspiration (FNA) for adequacy or malignancy. We present the cytologic and histologic features of a FNA and needle core biopsy, respectively, of an abdominal mass, likely from a gastrointestinal duplication cyst, foregut cyst or a bronchogenic cyst. We also briefly review the differential diagnosis for ciliated cells encountered in abdominal or pelvic FNAs. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical and immunological characteristics associated with the presence of protozoa in sputum smears
Authors: Martínez‐Girón Rafael , van Woerden Hugo Cornelis
Published: June 2011

The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between protozoa in spontaneously expectorated sputum samples and a range of clinical and immunological variables. Clinical details including age, gender, smoking status, and use of oral or inhaled steroids were recorded for a cohort of 199 patients whose spontaneously expectorated sputum samples were submitted to a Cytology Laboratory in Spain between January 2005 and December 2006. Slides were scanned for protozoa under light microscopy and scanned for monocytes/small macrophages highlighted by immunocytochemistry (CD68 monoclonal antibody). One hundred ninety‐one patients provided adequate sputum samples, of whom 70 had protozoa in their sputum. There was a strong relationship between the presence of protozoa and monocytes/small macrophages identified under light microscopy (P < 0.001). A binary logistic regression model also indicated a relationship between protozoa and both smoking status and steroid use. The diagnoses in those with protozoa included infection (including tuberculosis), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung fibrosis, asthma, chronic liver disease, immunosuppression, cancer, pancreatic or renal disease, heart failure, and AIDS. The identified association between protozoa and monocytes/small macrophages in sputum suggests an immune response and warrants further investigation to clarify whether or not these organisms have any pathological significance in this wide range of conditions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palpable lesions as a diagnostic tool in patients with thoracic pathology
Authors: Yener Nese Arzu , Midi Ahmet , Cubuk Rahmi , Orki Alpay , Onar Cagatay , Ersev Ayse , Arman Bulent
Published: June 2011

Palpable lesion(s) noticed in a patient with thoracic disease may be a useful diagnostic tool and it often gives a clue for further management. In this study, we searched the diagnostic value of palpable lesions in patients with thoracic pathology suspected clinically and/or radiologically. We prospectively examined the correlations of clinical/radiologic and pathologic findings of 72 palpable lesions from 68 patients who presented with suspect for a thoracic disease from two tertiary medical centers. Thirty‐two lesions (44.4%) were diagnosed as malignant either by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) only or FNA with confirmatory biopsy. The most common malignancy was non‐small‐cell carcinoma (10) followed by adenocarcinoma (6), and small‐cell carcinoma (5). The most common localization of the palpable lesions was cervical region (20.8%) followed by left supraclavicular (13.8%) and anterior chest wall (13.8%). FNA was effective in obtaining an accurate diagnosis in 66.6% of the patients. Tissue confirmation of FNA was performed in 54 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of FNA in distinguishing a malignant lesion from a benign disease for these palpable lesions were 75, 97, 96, and 80, respectively. One false negativity and one false positivity were also found. Abnormal radiologic features were not correlated with having a malignant palpable lesion. Evaluation of the palpable lesions by FNA and tissue biopsy together is effective for initial triage of the patients with suspect for a thoracic pathology. FNA alone is a convenient and easy method for this purpose especially when the material is immediately assessed for specimen adequacy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IQGAP1 involvement in MTOC and granule polarization in NK‐cell cytotoxicity
Authors: Kanwar Namita , Wilkins John A.
Published: June 2011

Natural killer (NK) cells form a region of tight contact called the NK immunological synapse (NKIS) with their target cells. This is a dynamic region serving as a platform for targeted signaling and exocytotic events. We previously identified IQGAP1 as a cytoskeletal component of the NK‐like cell line YTS. The present study was undertaken to determine the role of IQGAP1 in the function of NK cells. Silencing of IQGAP1 expression resulted in almost complete loss of the cytotoxic activity of YTS cells. Loss of IQGAP1 did not prevent conjugate formation with target cells but it did result in a failure to reorient the microtubule organizing centre to the immune synapse. Significantly, IQGAP1 expression was required for the perigranular accumulation of an F‐actin network. IQGAP1 was shown to undergo marked rearrangements during synapse maturation in effector target conjugates of YTS or primary NK cells. These results suggest previously undescribed role(s) for IQGAP1 in regulating multiple aspects of cytoskeletal organization and granule polarization in NK cells.
The inflammasome drives protective Th1 and Th17 cellular responses in disseminated candidiasis
Authors: van de Veerdonk Frank L. , Joosten Leo A. B. , Shaw Patrick J. , Smeekens Sanne P. , Malireddi R. K. Subbarao , van der Meer Jos W. M. , Kullberg Bart‐Jan , Netea Mihai G. , Kanneganti Thirumala‐Devi
Published: June 2011

The Nlrp3 inflammasome has been proposed to play an important role in antifungal host defense. However, studies exploring the role of the inflammasome in antifungal host defense have been limited to the direct effects on IL‐1β processing. Although IL‐1β has important direct effects on the innate immune response, important effects of the caspase‐1‐dependent cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18 are exerted on the initiation of the adaptive Th1 and Th17 cellular responses. No studies have been employed to assess the impact of the inflammasome on the Th1/Th17 defense mechanisms in vivo during candidiasis. In the present study, we demonstrate an essential role for caspase‐1 and ASC (apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain) in disseminated candidiasis through regulating antifungal Th1 and Th17 responses. Caspase‐1−/− and ASC−/− mice display diminished Th1/Th17 responses, followed by increased fungal outgrowth and lower survival. These observations identify a critical role for the inflammasome in controlling protective adaptive immune responses during invasive fungal infection.
[Pd(L)Cl2]‐Catalyzed Selective Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids to Phenols
Authors: Chowdhury Abhishek Dutta , Mobin Shaikh M. , Mukherjee Soumen , Bhaduri Sumit , Lahiri Goutam Kumar
Published: June 2011

The palladium complex [Pd(L)Cl2] (1) has been prepared by the reaction of Pd(COD)Cl2 (COD = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) with L [N,N′‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)ethanamine]. The ligand L and complex 1 have been characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and 1H/31P NMR spectroscopy. In the presence of O2, 1 selectively catalyzes the hydroxylation of a variety of arylboronic acids to the corresponding phenol derivatives in solvents with low‐dielectric constants at 298 K, although in solvents with high dielectric constants the same reaction leads to the formation of both phenol and the coupled product, i.e. biaryl. The mechanistic aspects of the selective phenol formation from arylboronic acid with 1 have been addressed.
Alternative algebraic rate‐integration approach for progress‐curve analysis of enzyme kinetics
Authors: Goličnik Marko
Published: June 2011

A recent article of Zavrel et al. in this journal (Eng. Life Sci. 2010, 10, 191–200) described a comparison of several computer programs for progress‐curve analysis with respect to different computational approaches for parameter estimation. The authors applied both algebraic and dynamic parameter estimations, although they omitted time‐course analysis through the integrated rate equation. Recently, it was demonstrated that progress‐curve analysis through the integrated rate equation can be considered a simple and useful alternative for enzymes that obey the generalized Michaelis–Menten reaction mechanism. To complete this gap, the time‐dependent solution of the generalized Michaelis–Menten equation is here fitted to the progress curves from the Zavrel et al. reference article. This alternative rate‐integration approach for determining the kinetics parameters of Michaelis–Menten‐type enzymes yields the values with the greatest accuracy, as compared with the results obtained by other (algebraic or dynamic) parameter estimations.
Research and development of UHV AC transformer and shunt reactor
Authors: Guangfan Li , Bo Li , Jingzhong Li , Zhigang Zhao , Jianyi Wang , Juntao Zhong , Xile Zhang , Chuanlong Mi
Published: June 2011

The Jingdongnan‐Nanyang‐Jingmen UHV AC Pilot Project has already been put into service in China. In this paper, insulation level of power transformer and shunt reactor for 1000 kV power transmission project in China are introduced. UHV AC transformer and shunt reactor structures are given. Key technologies, including cooling type, regulating method for UHV AC transformer, pattern of outgoing line, and noise controlling, are discussed. Besides, due to the high voltage class, high capacity, and super size of UHV power transformer, the size of its test circuit is correspondingly enlarged, the impacts of stray inductance and capacitance will be more intense consequentially, thus in factory test including lighting impulse test, switching impulse voltage test, short‐duration induced AC voltage test at 500 kV side, and long‐duration induced AC voltage test with partial discharge measurement are presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment‐related alteration of cortisol predicts change in neuropsychological function during acute treatment of late‐life anxiety disorder
Authors: Lenze Eric J. , Dixon David , Mantella Rose C. , Dore Peter M. , Andreescu Carmen , Reynolds Charles F. , Newcomer John W. , Butters Meryl A.
Published: June 2011

Objective

Older adults with anxiety disorders are burdened by impairment in neurocognition, which may be mediated by elevated circulating cortisol levels. In a randomized controlled trial of acute serotonin‐reuptake inhibitor treatment for late‐life anxiety disorder, we examined whether change in salivary cortisol concentrations during treatment predicted improvements in measures of memory and executive function.

Methods

We examined 60 adults aged 60 years and older, who took part in a 12‐week trial of escitalopram versus placebo for generalized anxiety disorder. All subjects had pre‐treatment and post‐treatment assessments that included monitoring of peak and total daily cortisol and a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation.

Results

Salivary cortisol changes during treatment showed significant associations with changes in immediate and delayed memory but no association with executive tasks (measures of working memory and set shifting). Analyses suggested that a decrease in cortisol due to serotonin‐reuptake inhibitor treatment was responsible for the memory changes: memory improvement was seen with cortisol reduction among patients receiving escitalopram but not among patients receiving placebo.

Conclusion

Serotonin‐reuptake inhibitor‐induced alteration in circulating cortisol during treatment of generalized anxiety disorder predicted changes in immediate and delayed memory. This finding suggests a novel treatment strategy in late‐life anxiety disorders: targeting hypothalamic–pituitary– adrenal axis dysfunction to improve memory. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Helicobacter pylori infection and the risks of Barrett's oesophagus: A population‐based case–control study
Authors: Thrift Aaron P. , Pandeya Nirmala , Smith Kylie J. , Green Adèle C. , Hayward Nicholas K. , Webb Penelope M. , Whiteman David C.
Published: June 2011

Infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with significantly reduced risks of oesophageal adenocarcinoma; however, few studies have examined the association between H. pylori and Barrett's oesophagus (BO), the precursor lesion. We explored the relationship between H. pylori infection and BO and sought to identify potential modifiers. We compared the prevalence of positive H. pylori serology among 217 adults with simple BO (without dysplasia), 95 with dysplastic BO and 398 population controls sourced from the metropolitan Brisbane area. We determined H. pylori serostatus using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. To estimate relative risks, we calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multivariable logistic regression in the entire sample and stratified by factors known to cause BO. The prevalence of H. pylori seropositivity was 12%, 3%, and 18%, respectively, among patients with simple BO, dysplastic BO and population controls. BO patients were significantly less likely to have antibodies for H. pylori (Simple BO: OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.30–0.86; Dysplastic BO: OR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03–0.33) than population controls. For simple BO, the association was diminished after adjustment for frequency of gastro‐oesophageal reflux (GOR) symptoms. Adjustment for frequency of GOR symptoms did not substantially alter the observed effect for dysplastic BO. Although there was some variation in the magnitude of risk estimates across strata of age, sex, GOR symptoms and use of proton pump inhibitors or H2‐receptor antagonists, the differences were uniformly nonsignificant. Helicobacter pylori infection is inversely associated with BO, and our findings suggest that decreased acid load is not the only mechanism underlying the H. pylori protective effect.
Prostate stem‐cell antigen gene is associated with diffuse and intestinal gastric cancer in Caucasians: Results from the EPIC‐EURGAST study
Authors: Sala Núria , Muñoz Xavier , Travier Noemie , Agudo Antonio , Duell Eric J. , Moreno Víctor , Overvad Kim , Tjonneland Anne , Boutron‐Ruault Marie Christine , Clavel‐Chapelon Françoise , Canzian Federico , Kaaks Rudolf , Boeing Heiner , Meidtner Karina , Trichopoulos Antonia , Tsiotas Konstantine , Zylis Dimosthenis , Vineis Paolo , Panico Salvatore , Palli Domenico , Krogh Vittorio , Tumino Rosario , Lund Eiliv , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. Bas , Numans Mattjis E. , Peeters Petra H.M. , Quirós J. Ramon , Sánchez María‐José , Navarro Camen , Ardanaz Eva , Dorronsoro Miren , Hallmans Göran , Stenling Roger , Manjer Jonas , Allen Naomi E. , Travis Ruth C. , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Jenab Mazda , Offerhaus G. Johan A. , Riboli Elio , González Carlos A.
Published: June 2011

A genome‐wide study performed in a Japanese population identified a strong association between SNP rs2294008 (Met1Thr) in the Prostate Stem Cell Antigen gene (PSCA) and diffuse‐type gastric cancer (GC). This association was validated in different Asian populations, and, very recently, a study has been published in Caucasians. In this study, we analyzed the association between PSCA variation and GC risk in Caucasians from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Six tagSNPs covering the PSCA gene region were genotyped in 411 incident gastric adenocarcinoma cases and 1530 matched controls from a nested case–control study in the EPIC cohort. Associations were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex and country. The T allele of rs2294008 in PSCA was found to be a highly significant risk factor for GC (per allele OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.23–1.66, p‐value = 6.5 × 10−6), particularly of the noncardia‐type (per allele OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.19–1.81, p‐value = 3 × 10−4). At contrast with previous studies, no significant differences were observed between the diffuse (per allele OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.20–1.96, p‐value = 5 × 10−4) and the intestinal (per allele OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.20–1.93, p‐value = 5 × 10−4) GC histological subtypes. Although rs12155758 and rs9297976 were also found associated with GC, this association appeared to be due to linkage disequilibrium with rs2294008. Haplotype analysis did not provide additional information. These results confirm the association between variation in the promoter region of PSCA and GC risk in Caucasians and also indicate that the rs2294008 variant is a similar risk factor for both the diffuse and intestinal‐types of GC.
The association of circulating adiponectin levels with pancreatic cancer risk: A study within the prospective EPIC cohort
Authors: Grote Verena A. , Rohrmann Sabine , Dossus Laure , Nieters Alexandra , Halkjær Jytte , Tjønneland Anne , Overvad Kim , Stegger Jakob , Chabbert‐Buffet Nathalie , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Clavel‐Chapelon Françoise , Teucher Birgit , Becker Susen , Montonen Jukka , Boeing Heiner , Trichopoulou Antonia , Lagiou Pagona , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Palli Domenico , Sieri Sabina , Tumino Rosario , Vineis Paolo , Mattiello Amalia , Argüelles Marcial , Duell Eric J , Molina‐Montes Esther , Larrañaga Nerea , Chirlaque María‐Dolores , Gurrea Aurelio Barricarte , Jeurnink Suzanne M. , Peeters Petra HM , Ye Weimin , Sund Malin , Lindkvist Björn , Johansen Dorthe , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Wareham Nick , Crowe Francesca L. , Romieu Isabelle , Rinaldi Sabina , Jenab Mazda , Romaguera Dora , Michaud Dominique S. , Riboli Elio , Bas Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. , Kaaks Rudolf
Published: June 2011

Excess body weight and type 2 diabetes mellitus, risk factors of pancreatic cancer, are characterized by decreased levels of adiponectin. In addition to anti‐inflammatory and anti‐proliferative actions, adiponectin has an important role in regulating glucose metabolism, i.e., decreasing circulating blood glucose levels. Prospectively, hyperglycemia has been associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of pre‐diagnostic adiponectin levels with pancreatic cancer risk. We conducted a case–control study nested within European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Blood samples of 452 pancreatic cancer cases and 452 individually matched controls were analyzed by immunoassays. Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Overall, adiponectin showed no association with pancreas cancer risk; however, among never smokers, higher circulating levels of adiponectin were associated with a reduction in pancreatic cancer risk (OR = 0.44 [95% CI 0.23–0.82] for highest vs. lowest quartile), whereas among current smokers there was no significant association (OR = 1.59 [95% CI 0.67–3.76] for highest vs. lowest quartile; p‐trend = 0.530; p‐interaction = 0.309). In our study, lower adiponectin concentrations may be associated with the development of pancreatic cancer among never smokers, whereas the only other prospective study being conducted so far showed a decrease in risk among male smokers. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify the role of adiponectin in pancreatic cancer development.
Surface‐modified gold nanoshells for enhanced cellular uptake
Authors: Liang Zhongshi , Liu Yun , Li Xiangyang , Wu Qinge , Yu Jiahui , Luo Shufang , Lai Lihui , Liu Shunying
Published: June 2011

Gold nanoshells have shown a great potential for use as agents in a wide variety of biomedical applications, and some of which require the delivery of large numbers of gold nanoshells onto or into the cells. Here, we develop a ready method to enhance the cellular uptake of gold nanoshells by modifying with meso‐2,3‐dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). The quantifiable technique of inductively coupled plasma atomic emissions spectroscopy (ICP‐AES) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the cellular uptake of unmodified and DMSA‐modified gold nanoshells. Three cell lines (RAW 264.7, A549, and BEL‐7402) were involved and the results indicated that the cellular uptake of the DMSA‐modified gold nanoshells was obviously enhanced versus the unmodified gold nanoshells. The reason possibly lies in the nonspecific adsorption of serum protein on the DMSA‐modified gold nanoshells (DMSA‐GNs), which consequently enhanced the cellular uptake. As a continued effort, in vitro experiments with endocytic inhibitors suggested the DMSA‐GNs internalized into cells via receptor‐mediated endocytosis (RME) pathway. This study has provided a valuable insight into the effects of surface modification on cellular uptake of nanoparticles. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Quantifying the effect of pore size and surface treatment on epidermal incorporation into percutaneously implanted sphere‐templated porous biomaterials in mice
Authors: Underwood Robert A. , Usui Marcia L. , Zhao Ge , Hauch Kip D. , Takeno Marc M. , Ratner Buddy D. , Marshall Andrew J. , Shi Xuefeng , Olerud John E. , Fleckman Philip
Published: June 2011

The sinus between skin and a percutaneous medical device is often a portal for infection. Epidermal integration into an optimized porous biomaterial could seal this sinus. In this study, we measured epithelial ingrowth into rods of sphere‐templated porous poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) implanted percutaneously in mice. The rods contained spherical 20‐, 40‐, or 60‐μm pores with and without surface modification. Epithelial migration was measured 3, 7, and 14 days post‐implantation utilizing immunohistochemistry for pankeratins and image analysis. Our global results showed average keratinocyte migration distances of 81 ± 16.85 μm (SD). Migration was shorter through 20‐μm pores (69.32 ± 21.73) compared with 40 and 60 μm (87.04 ± 13.38 μm and 86.63 ± 8.31 μm, respectively). Migration was unaffected by 1,1′ carbonyldiimidazole surface modification without considering factors of pore size and healing duration. Epithelial integration occurred quickly showing an average migration distance of 74.13 ± 12.54 μm after 3 days without significant progression over time. These data show that the epidermis closes the sinus within 3 days, migrates into the biomaterial (an average of 11% of total rod diameter), and stops. This process forms an integrated epithelial collar without evidence of marsupialization or permigration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Single‐step mineralization of woodpile chitosan scaffolds with improved cell compatibility
Authors: Li Lihua , Li Bo , Zhao Mingyan , Ding Shan , Zhou Changren
Published: June 2011

A facile and efficient single‐step mineralization approach was exploited for achieving nanoscopic hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystal layer in chitosan porous matrix, wherein a mixed water–ethanol solvent was used to control the growth of minerals. The crystallographic structure, morphology, and mechanical properties of the scaffold were analyzed with XRD, FTIR, environmental scanning electric microscopy (ESEM), TEM, and compression tests. The behaviors and responses of MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblast cells on the scaffolds were studied as well. The results showed that the scaffolds kept woodpile structure with predefined and controlled hierarchical structure after mineralization. The inorganic phase in the mineralized chitosan scaffolds was determined as pure rod‐like HAP, which settled densely on the matrix. The compression strength and compressive modulus of the scaffolds increased dramatically to 0.54 ± 0.005 MPa and 5.47 ± 0.65 MPa, respectively. During a culture period of 2 and 3 weeks, cell proliferation and in‐growth were observed by phase contrast light microscopy and SEM. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity increased after 1 week. Cell viability and cell proliferation index (PI) obtained higher values than that of the chitosan scaffolds. The novel single‐step mineralization approach and the porous hybrid scaffolds would be a promising method for designing hybrid bone graft. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Restoration of longitudinal growth by bioengineered cartilage pellet in physeal injury is not affected by low intensity pulsed ultrasound
Authors: Chow Simon Kwoon‐Ho , Lee Kwong‐Man , Qin Ling , Leung Kwok‐Sui , Cheung Wing‐Hoi
Published: June 2011

Physeal fracture is a common pediatric fracture that would result in premature physeal closure in long bones, and there is currently no gold standard for its management. In this study, we investigated the application of a Bioengineered Cartilage Pellet (BCP) in repairing a rabbit physeal fracture model, and the possible effects of Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment. Rabbits with physeal fracture created were assigned to the NC group (no BCP, no LIPUS), GC group (BCP, no LIPUS), and GT group (BCP and LIPUS). Femoral lengths and cartilage area were assessed at 4, 8, and 16 weeks post‐defect. After transplantation, the BCP showed continuous growth in the host and demonstrated resemblance to a natural growth plate. The GC group showed 34.1, 32.1, and 41.1% advantage in lengthening over the NC group and the GT group showed 51.1, 41.6, and 26.9% improved lengthening than the NC group, at 4 (p = 0.203), 8 (p = 0.543) and 16 weeks (p = 0.049), respectively. Cartilage area was shown to be significantly higher in GC and GT group compared to NC group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between GC and GT group. Femoral longitudinal growth was shown to be improved by the BCP, however no additional enhancement effect was shown to be provided by LIPUS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.