bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of acoustic radiation force on a rigid sphere in a fluid-filled cylindrical cavity with an abruptly changed cross-section
Authors: Shi Jingyao , Li Shuyuan , Deng Yunyun , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhang Guangbin
Published: January 2020

This paper studies the acoustic radiation force of a rigid sphere positioned in a fluid-filled cylindrical cavity with an abruptly changed cross-section. This cavity consists of a semi-infinite front tube and a coaxially connected semi-infinite rear tube with different cross-sectional area through a transverse planar junction. Considering a plane wave propagates along the cavity, the exact expression of the acoustic radiation force exerted on the sphere in the front tube is deduced. The effects of the distance between the sphere and the planar junction and the radius ratio of the front tube to the rear tube on acoustic radiation force are analyzed. Numerical results show that the distance influences the acoustic radiation force periodically. Both the distance and the radius ratio of the tubes affect the magnitude and the direction of acoustic radiation force. A finite element model about the calculation for the acoustic radiation force on the sphere in the fluid-filled cylindrical cavity with suddenly changed cross-section is built to validate the theoretical results. The comparison results between the theoretical computation and the finite element simulation are in good agreement with each other. This work can support future studies for the predictive control of a particle in the cavity which has an abruptly changed cross-section.
Introduction to the special issue on English in the Southern United States: Social factors and language variation
Authors: Shport Irina , Herd Wendy
Published: January 2020

The Southern United States have long been known for language diversity, yet linguistic research in this region has often focused on broad descriptions of characteristics of Southern American English as compared to other regional dialects of American English. Linguistic subregions in the South, however, are distinctly different from each other, and additional social variation also occurs within those subregions. Thus, the different English varieties spoken in the South cannot be collapsed under a single umbrella. Analyzing varieties of English in the Southern United States calls for a narrower approach, which will more accurately represent diverse Southern communities, their languages of practice, and the sound changes in process. Sociophonetic research on variation within English varieties in the Southern United States highlights theoretical and practical areas in speech acoustics that would otherwise remain under-documented and under-investigated, such as socially meaningful variation in vowel trajectories, nasalance of vowels, and temporal characteristics. The goal of this special issue is to bring together research that investigates the production and perception of Southern varieties of American English by documenting the segmental and prosodic patterns unique to these subregional varieties and by determining how these features are perceived by both Southerners and non-Southerners.
Psychological Responses to High-Intensity Interval Training: A Comparison of Graded Walking and Ungraded Running at Equivalent Metabolic Loads
Authors: Fleming Abby R. , Martinez Nic , Collins Larry H. , Ashley Candi D. , Chiodini Maureen , Waddell Brian J. , Kilpatrick Marcus W.
Published: January 2020

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is highly beneficial for health and fitness and is well tolerated. Treadmill-based HIIT normally includes running interspersed with walking. The purpose of this study was to compare ungraded running and graded walking HIIT on perceived exertion, affective valence, and enjoyment. Thirty-four active, healthy adults completed maximal testing and two 20-min HIIT trials alternating between 85% of VO2peak and a comfortable walking speed. Affective valence, enjoyment, and perceived exertion, both overall (ratings of perceived exertion [RPE]-O) and legs only (RPE-L), were measured. RPE-O and affective valence were similar between HIIT trials (p > .05), RPE-L was higher for walk HIIT (p < .05), and enjoyment was higher for run HIIT (p < .05). Findings indicate that both walk and run HIIT produce exertion, affective, and enjoyment responses that are positive and possibly supportive of exercise behavior. Walk HIIT may be desirable for individuals who are unable or do not want to run.
A Bayesian machine scientist to aid in the solution of challenging scientific problems
Authors: Guimerà Roger , Reichardt Ignasi , Aguilar-Mogas Antoni , Massucci Francesco A. , Miranda Manuel , Pallarès Jordi , Sales-Pardo Marta
Published: January 2020

A Bayesian machine scientist uncovers closed-form mathematical models from data.
Noncontact catalysis: Initiation of selective ethylbenzene oxidation by Au cluster-facilitated cyclooctene epoxidation
Authors: Peng Anyang , Kung Mayfair C. , Brydon Robert R. O. , Ross Matthew O. , Qian Linping , Broadbelt Linda J. , Kung Harold H.
Published: January 2020

In a noncontact catalytic system, intermediaries derived from Au-catalyzed cyclooctene epoxidation effects ethylbenzene oxidation.
Neoadjuvant checkpoint blockade for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Topalian Suzanne L. , Taube Janis M. , Pardoll Drew M.
Published: January 2020

Presurgical immune checkpoint blockade

Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy using antibodies that inhibit the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) pathways has resulted in unprecedented clinical outcomes for certain cancers such as melanoma. Topalian
et al.
review advances in neoadjuvant (presurgical) immunotherapy as an important next step for enhancing the response of early-stage tumors to immune checkpoint blockade. They highlight the mechanistic rationale for neoadjuvant immunotherapy and recent neoadjuvant clinical trials based on anti–PD-1 or anti–PD-1 ligand 1 (anti–PD-L1) therapy. Pathological assessment criteria that may provide early on-treatment biomarkers to predict patient response are also discussed.

Science
, this issue p.
eaax0182
Cerebrospinal fluid influx drives acute ischemic tissue swelling
Authors: Mestre Humberto , Du Ting , Sweeney Amanda M. , Liu Guojun , Samson Andrew J. , Peng Weiguo , Mortensen Kristian Nygaard , Stæger Frederik Filip , Bork Peter A. R. , Bashford Logan , Toro Edna R. , Tithof Jeffrey , Kelley Douglas H. , Thomas John H. , Hjorth Poul G. , Martens Erik A. , Mehta Rupal I. , Solis Orestes , Blinder Pablo , Kleinfeld David , Hirase Hajime , Mori Yuki , Nedergaard Maiken
Published: January 2020

Spreading edema after stroke

The brain is enveloped in a cushion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which normally provides protection and helps to remove metabolic waste. CSF transport has also recently been shown to play unexpected roles in neurodegeneration and sleep. Mestre
et al.
used multimodal in vivo imaging in rodents and found that, after a stroke, an abnormally large volume of CSF rushes into the brain, causing swelling (see the Perspective by Moss and Williams). This influx of CSF is caused by constrictions of arteries triggered by a well-known propagating chemical reaction-diffusion wave called spreading depolarization. CSF transport can thus play a role in brain swelling after stroke.

Science
, this issue p.
eaax7171
; see also p.
1195
Genetics of schizophrenia in the South African Xhosa
Authors: Gulsuner S. , Stein D. J. , Susser E. S. , Sibeko G. , Pretorius A. , Walsh T. , Majara L. , Mndini M. M. , Mqulwana S. G. , Ntola O. A. , Casadei S. , Ngqengelele L. L. , Korchina V. , van der Merwe C. , Malan M. , Fader K. M. , Feng M. , Willoughby E. , Muzny D. , Baldinger A. , Andrews H. F. , Gur R. C. , Gibbs R. A. , Zingela Z. , Nagdee M. , Ramesar R. S. , King M.-C. , McClellan J. M.
Published: January 2020

African schizophrenia genetic variants

The genetics of schizophrenia have predominately been studied in populations of European and Asian descent. However, studies in Africans, who host the greatest degree of human genetic diversity, have lagged. Examining the exomes of more than 1800 Xhosa individuals from South Africa, about half of which have been diagnosed with schizophrenia, Gulsuner
et al.
identified both rare and common genetic variants associated with the disease. They found that the genetic architecture of schizophrenia in Africans generally reflects that of Europeans but that the greater genetic variation in Africa provides more power to detect relationships of genes to phenotypes.

Science
, this issue p.
569
Stitching two chiral centers with one catalyst
Authors: Xu Jianyu , Watson Mary P.
Published: January 2020

A single catalyst joins alkyl groups with control over stereochemistry of both fragments
Functional
Bacillus thuringiensis
Cyt1Aa Is Necessary To Synergize
Lysinibacillus sphaericus
Binary Toxin (Bin) against Bin-Resistant and -Refractory Mosquito Species
Authors: Nascimento Nathaly Alexandre , Torres-Quintero Mary Carmen , Molina Samira López , Pacheco Sabino , Romão Tatiany Patrícia , Pereira-Neves Antonio , Soberón Mario , Bravo Alejandra , Silva-Filha Maria Helena Neves Lobo
Published: January 2020

One promising management strategy for mosquito control is the utilization of a mixture of
L. sphaericus
and
B. thuringiensis
subsp.
israelensis
insecticidal toxins. From this set, Bin and Cyt1Aa toxins synergize and display toxicity to resistant
C. quinquefasciatus
and to
A. aegypti
larvae, whose midgut cells lack Bin toxin receptors. Our data set provides evidence that functional Cyt1Aa is essential for internalization of Bin or its BinA subunit into such cells, but binding interaction between Bin and Cyt1Aa is not observed. Thus, this mechanism contrasts with that for the synergy between Cyt1Aa and the
B. thuringiensis
subsp.
israelensis
Cry toxins, where active Cyt1Aa is not necessary but a specific binding between Cry and Cyt1Aa is required. Our study established the initial molecular basis of the synergy between Bin and Cyt1Aa, and these findings enlarge our knowledge of their mode of action, which could help to develop improved strategies to cope with insect resistance.
The Glycoprotein of the Live-Attenuated Junin Virus Vaccine Strain Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Forms Aggregates prior to Degradation in the Lysosome
Authors: Manning John T. , Yun Nadya E. , Seregin Alexey V. , Koma Takaaki , Sattler Rachel A. , Ezeomah Chiomah , Huang Cheng , de la Torre Juan C. , Paessler Slobodan
Published: January 2020

The development of vaccines and therapeutics to combat viral hemorrhagic fevers remains a top priority within the Implementation Plan of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise. The Can strain, derived from the pathogenic XJ strain of JUNV, has been demonstrated to be both safe and protective against AHF. While the vaccine strain is approved for use in regions of endemicity within Argentina, the mechanisms of Can attenuation have not been elucidated. A better understanding of the viral genetic determinants of attenuation will improve our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to disease pathogenesis and provide critical information for the rational design of live attenuated vaccine candidates for other viral hemorrhagic fevers.
Direct evidence for fluid overpressure during hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from organic-rich shales
Authors: Wang Miao , Chen Yong , Bain Wyatt M. , Song Guoqi , Liu Keyu , Zhou Zhenzhu , Steele-MacInnis Matthew
Published: January 2020

Fluid overpressures are widely expected during hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from source rocks, yet direct evidence for this phenomenon is lacking in the case of organic-rich shales. Here we show that formation of bed-parallel fibrous calcite veins in mature laminated organic-rich shales in the Eocene Dongying depression, Bohai Bay Basin, east China, occurred in direct response to fluid overpressure due to hydrocarbon generation. The evidence for overpressure is recorded by coexisting primary aqueous and petroleum inclusions in the calcite fibers. Our results show that all analyzed fluid-inclusion assemblages record variable degrees of overpressure during vein dilation, ranging from only modestly in excess of hydrostatic, to approaching and perhaps exceeding lithostatic. Thus, our results indicate that fluid pressures during dilation of horizontal veins are not necessarily equal to the opposing force of overburden throughout the history of opening. This suggests that at least some of the vein dilation is accommodated by concomitant narrowing of the adjacent wall-rock laminae, likely by scavenging (dissolution and reprecipitation) of CaCO3 from the adjacent wall rock.
Periodicity in fields of elongating dunes
Authors: Gadal C. , Narteau C. , Courrech du Pont S. , Rozier O. , Claudin P.
Published: January 2020

Dune fields are commonly associated with periodic patterns that are among the most recognizable landscapes on Earth and other planetary bodies. However, in zones of limited sediment supply, where periodic dunes elongate and align in the direction of the resultant sand flux, there has been no attempt to explain the emergence of such a regular pattern. Here, we show, by means of numerical simulations, that the elongation growth mechanism does not produce a pattern with a specific wavelength. Periodic elongating dunes appear to be a juxtaposition of individual structures, the arrangement of which is due to regular landforms at the border of the field acting as boundary conditions. This includes, among others, dune patterns resulting from bed instability, or the crestline reorganization induced by dune migration. The wavelength selection in fields of elongating dunes therefore reflects the interdependence of dune patterns over the course of their evolution.
Distributed ductile thinning during thrust emplacement: A commonly overlooked exhumation mechanism
Authors: Long Sean P. , Kohn Matthew J.
Published: January 2020

Quantifying the processes that control exhumation is essential for understanding the evolution of mountain belts. In the Cordilleran orogen in Nevada (western United States), rocks exhumed in the Ruby–East Humboldt metamorphic core complex underwent 4 ± 2 kbar of decompression between 85 and 60 Ma, which has been interpreted as a consequence of synorogenic extension. However, evidence for significant normal faulting in this region prior to 45 Ma is lacking. Here, we present an alternative interpretation: that this decompression can be attributed to distributed ductile thinning (DDT) of mid-crustal metamorphic rocks above the basal Cordilleran décollement during eastward translation. Such a process has been documented within the Himalayan Main Central thrust sheet, which locally accommodated up to 15 km of DDT during Miocene translation. Other examples of DDT have been documented in the Alpine and Caledonian orogens (Europe), and the Sanbagawa belt (Japan). DDT may represent a widespread exhumation process that can account for a significant portion of the decompression path of deeply exhumed rocks. As a condition of strain compatibility, thrust-parallel stretching accompanying DDT is expected to enhance displacement magnitude in the transport direction, and is therefore an important component of the deformation field that must be considered for accurate assessment of mass balance in thrust systems.
Channel-levee evolution in combined contour current–turbidity current flows from flume-tank experiments
Authors: Miramontes Elda , Eggenhuisen Joris T. , Jacinto Ricardo Silva , Poneti Giovanni , Pohl Florian , Normandeau Alexandre , Campbell D. Calvin , Hernández-Molina F. Javier
Published: January 2020

Turbidity currents and contour currents are common sedimentary and oceanographic processes in deep-marine settings that affect continental margins worldwide. Their simultaneous interaction can form asymmetric and unidirectionally migrating channels, which can lead to opposite interpretations of paleocontour current direction: channels migrating against the contour current or in the direction of the contour current. In this study, we performed three-dimensional flume-tank experiments of the synchronous interaction between contour currents and turbidity currents to understand the effect of these combined currents on channel architecture and evolution. Our results show that contour currents with a velocity of 10–19 cm s−1 can substantially deflect the direction of turbidity currents with a maximum velocity of 76–96 cm s−1, and modify the channel-levee system architecture. A lateral and nearly stationary front formed on the levee located upstream of the contour current, reduced overspill and thus restrained the development of a levee on this side of the channel. Sediment was preferentially carried out of the channel at the flank located downstream of the contour current. An increase in contour-current velocity resulted in an increase in channel-levee asymmetry, with the development of a wider levee and more abundant bedforms downstream of the contour current. This asymmetric deposition along the channel suggests that the direction of long-term migration of the channel form should go against the direction of the contour current due to levee growth downstream of the contour current, in agreement with one of the previously proposed conceptual models.
Networks of Reaction Systems
Authors: Bottoni Paolo , Labella Anna , Rozenberg Grzegorz
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we study the behavior (processes) of reaction systems where the context is not arbitrary, but it has its own structure. In particular, we consider a model where the context for a reaction system originates from a network of reaction systems. Such a network is formalized as a graph with reaction systems residing at its nodes, where each reaction system contributes to defining the context of all its neighbors. This paper provides a framework for investigating the behavior of reaction systems receiving contexts from networks of reaction systems, provides a characterisation of their state sequences, and considers different topologies of context networks.
Universality of SNQ P Systems Using One Type of Spikes and Restrictive Rule Application
Authors: Păun Andrei , Bîlbîe Florin-Daniel
Published: January 2020

We investigate the spiking neural P systems with communication on request (SNQ P systems) that are devices in the area of neural like P systems abstracting the way in which neurons work and process information. Here we discuss the SNQ P systems using the rule application strategy as defined by Linqiang Pan and collaborators and we are able to improve their result of universality of such systems using two types of spikes. In the current work, we prove that only one type of spikes is sufficient for reaching the computational power of Turing Machines for these devices, bringing closer to implementation such a device. The result holds both in maximum parallel manner application of the rules as well as the maximum-sequentiality application of rules.
Ensemble Deep Learning on Large, Mixed-Site fMRI Datasets in Autism and Other Tasks
Authors: Leming Matthew , Górriz Juan Manuel , Suckling John
Published: January 2020

Deep learning models for MRI classification face two recurring problems: they are typically limited by low sample size, and are abstracted by their own complexity (the “black box problem”). In this paper, we train a convolutional neural network (CNN) with the largest multi-source, functional MRI (fMRI) connectomic dataset ever compiled, consisting of 43,858 datapoints. We apply this model to a cross-sectional comparison of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) versus typically developing (TD) controls that has proved difficult to characterize with inferential statistics. To contextualize these findings, we additionally perform classifications of gender and task versus rest. Employing class-balancing to build a training set, we trained [Formula: see text] modified CNNs in an ensemble model to classify fMRI connectivity matrices with overall AUROCs of 0.6774, 0.7680, and 0.9222 for ASD versus TD, gender, and task versus rest, respectively. Additionally, we aim to address the black box problem in this context using two visualization methods. First, class activation maps show which functional connections of the brain our models focus on when performing classification. Second, by analyzing maximal activations of the hidden layers, we were also able to explore how the model organizes a large and mixed-center dataset, finding that it dedicates specific areas of its hidden layers to processing different covariates of data (depending on the independent variable analyzed), and other areas to mix data from different sources. Our study finds that deep learning models that distinguish ASD from TD controls focus broadly on temporal and cerebellar connections, with a particularly high focus on the right caudate nucleus and paracentral sulcus.
Real-Time Multi-Modal Estimation of Dynamically Evoked Emotions Using EEG, Heart Rate and Galvanic Skin Response
Authors: Val-Calvo Mikel , Álvarez-Sánchez José Ramón , Ferrández-Vicente Jose Manuel , Díaz-Morcillo Alejandro , Fernández-Jover Eduardo
Published: January 2020

Emotion estimation systems based on brain and physiological signals such as electro encephalography (EEG), blood-volume pressure (BVP), and galvanic skin response (GSR) are gaining special attention in recent years due to the possibilities they offer. The field of human–robot interactions (HRIs) could benefit from a broadened understanding of the brain and physiological emotion encoding, together with the use of lightweight software and cheap wearable devices, and thus improve the capabilities of robots to fully engage with the users emotional reactions. In this paper, a previously developed methodology for real-time emotion estimation aimed for its use in the field of HRI is tested under realistic circumstances using a self-generated database created using dynamically evoked emotions. Other state-of-the-art, real-time approaches address emotion estimation using constant stimuli to facilitate the analysis of the evoked responses, remaining far from real scenarios since emotions are dynamically evoked. The proposed approach studies the feasibility of the emotion estimation methodology previously developed, under an experimentation paradigm that imitates a more realistic scenario involving dynamically evoked emotions by using a dramatic film as the experimental paradigm. The emotion estimation methodology has proved to perform on real-time constraints while maintaining high accuracy on emotion estimation when using the self-produced dynamically evoked emotions multi-signal database.
DOES THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE RESHAPE CHINA’S OUTWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ASEAN? SHIFTING MOTIVES OF STATE-OWNED AND PRIVATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES
Authors: JIN SHI , XIAOHUI HU , YUNXIONG LI , TAO FENG
Published: January 2020

In recent years, China has been increasingly witnessed as a major global outward investor, especially since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013. The question of whether and if yes how the BRI reshapes firm outward investment motives remains under-researched. Using a project-level database of China’s Outward Direct Investment from the Ministry of Commerce from 2010 to 2015, this paper investigates the changing investment motives of state-owned and private-owned enterprises (SOEs and POEs) before and after the implementation of the BRI in two periods, namely 2010–2013 and 2014–2015. Our conditional logit models show that (1) market-seeking is one of the key motives for both POEs and SOEs; (2) POEs pursued natural resources in ASEAN based on geographical and relational proximity in the pre-BRI period while SOEs are directed to exploit natural resources in ASEAN besides remoter destinations after the launch of the BRI; (3) POEs are risk-taking in both periods, which runs counter to conventional expectations. This can be explained by the long-term investment tradition of POEs in ASEAN in which POEs are attracted predominantly by socio-economic factors and often less sensitive to variegated host institutions among ASEAN countries and (4) the BRI promotes Chinese OFDI in ASEAN through increased senior leader visits and enhanced diplomatic relations.
CREAM-SKIMMER OR UNDERDOG? A CASE STUDY OF LABOR TYPE SELECTIVITY IN A RURAL LABOR TRAINING PROGRAM IN CHINA
Authors: CHEN YIU POR (VINCENT)
Published: January 2020

The mismatch between a laborer’s abilities and the goals set forth by a training program is one of the most pressing concerns for a labor training program. This paper looks at the incentives for a laborer to enter a rural labor training program and demonstrates a clear method of analyzing the participation issues using instrumental regressions on the data collected from a case study a “poverty city” in the Zhejiang province, China. This paper shows that a pre-program wage drop may induce workers of a higher caliber to enter the training program and cause a “cream-skimming” effect on its outcome because of the S-shaped labor supply curve for the rural population who live in poverty. The result of the cream-skimming effect enhances the traditional view that a pre-program wage drop may reduce “opportunity cost” to enter a training program. This extension can be handy to revise future designs of rural labor training programs.
Faddeev–Jackiw quantization of Christ–Lee model
Authors: Anjali S  , Gupta Saurabh
Published: January 2020

We analyze the constraints of Christ–Lee model by means of modified Faddeev–Jackiw formalism in Cartesian as well as polar coordinates. Further, we accomplish quantization à la Faddeev–Jackiw by choosing appropriate gauge conditions in both the coordinate systems. Finally, we establish gauge symmetries of Christ–Lee model with the help of zero-modes of the symplectic matrix.
Klein–Gordon equation with four inverse power term potentials
Authors: Etoga E. Anemena , Ema’a J. M. Ema’a , Abiama P. Ele , Ben-Bolie G. H.
Published: January 2020

To describe interactions in the universe in a more realistic way, we used the generic model of Klein–Gordon equation with four inverse power term potentials. Using bi-confluent Heun function, we obtained a transcendental energy equation and the wave function. Moreover, we determined the non-relativistic energy. Special cases of the potential have also been discussed. These results obtained are highly applicable in many branches of physics and life sciences.
Remarks on the preservation of no-signaling principle in parity-time-symmetric quantum mechanics
Authors: Bagchi Bijan , Barik Suvendu
Published: January 2020

Working within the framework of parity-time-symmetric quantum mechanics, we look into the possibility of entanglement generation and demonstrate that the feature of non-violation of no-signaling principle may hold for the simplest nontrivial case of bipartite systems. Basically, our arguments are based on the computation of the reduced density matrix of one party to justify that the entropy of the other does not change.
Experimental tests of an improved 5D Kaluza-Klein theory
Authors: Mbelek Jean Paul
Published: January 2020

We recall the motivation for an external scalar field, [Formula: see text], and show how it helps to improve the 5D Kaluza-Klein theory. Various applications of the theory that fit observational or experimental data in the laboratory as well as in the cosmological or astrophysical contexts are mentioned. Special attention is given to the last version of the experiment showing evidence of a torque on a torsion pendulum as predicted by the theory. New arguments that motivate extradimensions are put forward.
Vacuum polarization in the background of conical singularity
Authors: Grats Yuri V. , Spirin Pavel
Published: January 2020

We consider the gravity-induced effects associated with a massless scalar field living in a higher-dimensional spacetime being the tensor product of Minkowski space and spherically-symmetric space with angle deficit. These spacetimes are considered as simple models for a multidimensional global monopole or cosmic string with flat extra dimensions, where the deficit of solid angle is proportional to Newton constant and tension. Thus, we refer to them as conical backgrounds. In terms of the angular deficit value, we derive the perturbative expression for the scalar Green’s function and compute it to the leading order. With the use of this Green’s function we compute the renormalized vacuum expectation value of the scalar-field’s energy-momentum tensor. We make some general note on the linear-on-curvature part of the trace of even coefficients of Schwinger-deWitt expansion.
Cylindrically symmetric 2 + 1 gravity in terms of global variables: Quantum dynamics
Authors: Andrianov Alexander , Elmahalawy Yasser , Starodubtsev Artem
Published: January 2020

We perform quantization of a model in which gravity is coupled to a circular dust shell in [Formula: see text] spacetime dimensions. Canonical analysis shows that momentum space of this model is [Formula: see text]-space, and the global chart for it is provided by the Euler angles. In quantum kinematics, this results in non-commutativity in coordinate space and discreteness of the shell radius in timelike region, which includes the collapse point. At the level of quantum dynamics, we find transition amplitudes between zero and non-zero eigenvalues of the shell radius, which describe the rate of gravitational collapse (bounce). Their values are everywhere finite, which could be interpreted as resolution of the central singularity.
Polymorphous Bovine Somatic Cell Recognition Based on Feature Fusion
Authors: Gao Xiaojing , Xue Heru , Pan Xin , Luo Xiaoling
Published: January 2020

Microscopic images of bovine milk somatic cells are used to classify neutrophils, epithelial cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. Using pattern recognition technology, the problem of classification and recognition is solved from different nature, levels and spaces. The proposed RKSGA-SVM algorithm is used to realize somatic cell image recognition. First, color, morphological and texture features of four types of cells are extracted separately, including geometric and moment invariant features. Second, ReliefF algorithm is used to calculate the weights of all features. According to preset cumulative contribution rate, the preliminary feature set is obtained. Third, redundant features are eliminated by Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test, and the high-level optimization is obtained. The selected feature sets have remarkable distinguishing ability. Finally, the weighted optimal feature sets are obtained by weighted coefficient method on the advanced optimal feature sets. The overall accuracy of RKSGA-SVM algorithm is 99.00%, and Kappa coefficient is 0.987. The proposed algorithm has the advantages of balancing classification accuracy, eliminating redundancy and reducing feature dimension. On the premise of ensuring high classification accuracy, the feature set can reduce feature dimension and the amount of data calculation, improve operation efficiency and save storage space. Experiments show that the feature selection method proposed in this paper is feasible and more suitable for extracting feature sets in the process of somatic cell classification.
Using Deep Neural Networks to Improve the Performance of Protein–Protein Interactions Prediction
Authors: Gui Yuan-Miao , Wang Ru-Jing , Wang Xue , Wei Yuan-Yuan
Published: January 2020

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of life activities and have a certain role in promoting disease treatment and new drug development. With the advent of the proteomics era, some PPIs prediction methods have emerged. However, the performances of these PPIs prediction methods still need to be optimized and improved. In order to optimize the performance of the PPIs prediction methods, we used the dropout method to reduce over-fitting by deep neural networks (DNNs), and combined with three types of feature extraction methods, conjoint triad (CT), auto covariance (AC) and local descriptor (LD), to build DNN models based on amino acid sequences. The results showed that the accuracy of the CT, AC and LD increased from 97.11% to 98.12%, 96.84% to 98.17%, and 95.30% to 95.60%, respectively. The loss values of the CT, AC and LD decreased from 27.47% to 14.96%, 65.91% to 17.82% and 36.23% to 15.34%, respectively. Experimental results show that dropout can optimize the performances of the DNN models. The results can provide a resource for scholars in future studies involving the prediction of PPIs. The experimental code is available at https://github.com/smalltalkman/hppi-tensorflow .
Could the black hole singularity be a field singularity?
Authors: Domènech Guillem , Naruko Atsushi , Sasaki Misao , Wetterich Christof
Published: January 2020

In the wake of interest to find black hole solutions with scalar hair, we investigate the effects of disformal transformations on static spherically symmetric spacetimes with a nontrivial scalar field. In particular, we study solutions that have a singularity in a given frame, while the action is regular. We ask if there exists a different choice of field variables such that the geometry and the fields are regular. We find that in some cases disformal transformations can remove a singularity from the geometry or introduce a new horizon. This is possible since the Weyl tensor is not invariant under a general disformal transformation. There exists a class of metrics which can be brought to Minkowksi geometry by a disformal transformation, which may be called disformally flat metrics. We investigate three concrete examples from massless scalar fields to Horndeski theory for which the singularity can be removed from the geometry. This might indicate that no physical singularity is present. We also propose a disformal invariant tensor.
Weyl transformation: A dynamical degree of freedom in the light of Dirac’s Large Number hypothesis
Authors: Paul Prasenjit , Sengupta Rikpratik , Ray Saibal
Published: January 2020

In Einstein’s Field Equation (EFE), the geometry of the spacetime is connected with the matter distribution. The geometry or the gravitational sector deals with classical macroscopic objects involving gravitational units while the matter sector can be better described by quantum theory involving atomic units. It has been argued by Bisabr [ arXiv:gr-qc/1904.09336 ] that there exists an epoch-dependent conversion factor between these two unit systems present in two different conformal frames, i.e. the conformal factor is epoch-dependent. We argue that the conformal transformation (CT) is a dynamical degree of freedom describing it’s possible relevance in inflation in context to the graceful exit problem, dynamics of the cosmological constant [Formula: see text] and justify the argument in the light of consequences of Dirac’s Large Number hypothesis (LNH).
Induced gravitational waves in a general cosmological background
Authors: Domènech Guillem
Published: January 2020

Gravitational waves (GWs) are inevitably produced by second-order terms in cosmological perturbation theory. Most notably, the so-called induced (GWs) are a window to the small scales part of the primordial spectrum of fluctuations and a key counterpart to the primordial black hole (PBH) scenario. However, semi-analytical solutions are only known for matter and radiation domination eras. In this paper, we present new analytic integral formulas for the induced GWs on subhorizon scales in a general cosmological background with a constant equation-of-state. We also discuss applications to a peaked primordial scalar power spectrum and the PBH scenario.
Systematic decay analysis of 202Po∗ compound nucleus using Dynamical Cluster-decay Model
Authors: Kaushal Pooja , Sharma Manoj K.
Published: January 2020

The decay analysis of [Formula: see text]Po[Formula: see text] compound nucleus (CN), formed via [Formula: see text]Ca+[Formula: see text]Gd reaction, with inclusion of additional degrees-of-freedom, i.e., the higher multipole deformations, the octupole ([Formula: see text]) and hexadecupole ([Formula: see text]), the corresponding “compact” orientations ([Formula: see text]), and noncoplanarity degree-of-freedom ([Formula: see text]0), is investigated within the collective clusterization approach. The Quantum Mechanical Fragmentation Theory (QMFT)-based Dynamical Cluster-decay Model (DCM), wherein the point of penetration [Formula: see text], fixed via the in-built neck-length parameter [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] (equivalently, the “barrier lowering” [Formula: see text]), is used to best fit the channel cross-section ([Formula: see text]) and predict the quasi-fission (qf)-like nCN cross-section [Formula: see text], if any, and the fusion–fission ([Formula: see text]) cross-sections. We also look for other target-projectile (t-p) combinations for the synthesis of CN [Formula: see text]Po[Formula: see text].
GLOBAL PROPERTIES OF HIV DYNAMICS MODELS INCLUDING IMPAIRMENT OF B-CELL FUNCTIONS
Authors: Elaiw A. M. , ALSHEHAIWEEN S. F. , HOBINY A. D.
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we develop mathematical models that include impairment of B-cell functions in order to study HIV dynamics. Two forms of the incidence rate have been considered, bilinear and general nonlinear. Three types of infected cells have been incorporated into the models, namely latently infected, short-lived productively infected and long-lived productively infected. The models have at most two equilibria, whose existence is characterized by means of the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text]. The global stability of each equilibrium is proven by using the Lyapunov method. The effects of impairment of B-cell functions and of antiviral treatment on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dynamics are studied. We have shown that if the functions of B-cell are impaired, then the concentration of HIV increases in the plasma. Moreover, we have determined the minimal drug efficacy which is required to reduce the concentration of HIV particles to a lower level. We have shown that a more accurate computation of drug efficacy can be performed by using our proposed model. Our theoretical results are illustrated by means of numerical simulations.
ULTRAVIOLET ILLUMINATION RESPONSIVITY OF THE Au/n-Si DIODES WITH AND WITHOUT POLY (LINOLENIC ACID)-G-POLY (CAPROLACTONE)-G-POLY (T-BUTYL ACRYLATE) INTERFACIAL LAYER
Authors: GÜRSEL ÜMİT , TARAN SONGÜL , GÖKÇEN MUHARREM , ARI YURDAGÜL , ALLI ABDULKADİR
Published: January 2020

Au/n-Si (MS) and Au/Poly (linolenic acid)-g-poly (caprolactone)-g-poly (t-butyl acrylate) (PLilPCLPtBA)/n-Si (MPS) diodes were fabricated to investigate the electrical and responsivity effects of interfacial layer on the diodes under ultra violet (UV) illumination. Electrospinning method was used for coating of the PLilPCLPtBA polymer layer on n-Si single crystal as nanofibers. Surface formation and nanofiber characteristics of the polymer layer were investigated by an electron microscope. The current-voltage ([Formula: see text]) measurements of the MS and MPS diodes were carried out in dark and under UV (365 nm) illumination conditions at room temperature. Basic electrical parameters of the diodes; such as reverse bias saturation current ([Formula: see text]), zero bias barrier height [Formula: see text], ideality factor ([Formula: see text]), series resistance ([Formula: see text]) and interface state density ([Formula: see text]) were extracted from the experimental [Formula: see text] measurements by thermionic emission and Norde equations. Also, power law of the photocurrents ([Formula: see text]) and responsivity ([Formula: see text]) behavior were obtained and given comparatively.
Traffic Sign Identification Using a Partially Cooperative Strategy in a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Feng Yulu
Published: January 2020

Recently, deep learning has introduced new prospects to numerous practical applications such as image recognition, robot navigation, gene engineering, language processing, and traffic sign identification. Several network models including AlexNet, VGGNet, GoogLenet and ResNet, have achieved milestone contributions while relying on massive computing resources. However, when faced with a small number of labeled examples, especially in the case of unbalanced datasets, the cumulative error and time-consuming convergence reduce their efficacy. Inspired by the convolutional output layer with a [Formula: see text] kernel, a convolutional nonlinear transfer approach with partial cooperating (CNN-COL) is proposed to address this challenge. Meanwhile, a novel method for data augmented balance can enhance the influence of small and unbalanced samples in the CNN-COL. Related experiments show that the proposed CNN-COL can effectively improve the quality of a dataset and achieve superior performance with respect to traffic sign identification based on a small and type-unbalanced dataset.
Extender-based forcings with overlapping extenders and negations of the Shelah Weak Hypothesis
Authors: Gitik Moti
Published: January 2020

Extender-based Prikry–Magidor forcing for overlapping extenders is introduced. As an application, models with strong forms of negations of the Shelah Weak Hypothesis for various cofinalities are constructed.
Wellposedness and regularity of a variable-order space-time fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Zheng Xiangcheng , Wang Hong
Published: January 2020

We prove wellposedness of a variable-order linear space-time fractional diffusion equation in multiple space dimensions. In addition we prove that the regularity of its solutions depends on the behavior of the variable order (and its derivatives) at time [Formula: see text], in addition to the usual smoothness assumptions. More precisely, we prove that its solutions have full regularity like its integer-order analogue if the variable order has an integer limit at [Formula: see text] or have certain singularity at [Formula: see text] like its constant-order fractional analogue if the variable order has a non-integer value at time [Formula: see text].
A Modified Balanced Scorecard Based Hybrid Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP-Topsis Methodology for ATM Site Selection Problem
Authors: Yildiz Aslihan , Ayyildiz Ertugrul , Taskin Gumus Alev , Ozkan Coskun
Published: January 2020

Researchers work on facility location problems in different structures and solve them by developing different models over the years. In this study, we focus on the automated teller machine (ATM) site selection problem for a public bank in İstanbul. Twenty-five districts, which are located at the European side of İstanbul, are designated as ATM candidate districts. The balanced scorecard (BSC) model is modified to determine the criteria according to the literature review and experts’ judgments for this problem. Internal, Customer, and Financial perspectives of the traditional BSC model are used as the main criteria and an external perspective is considered as the fourth criterion for modified balanced scorecard. The experts’ criteria evaluations are gained and consolidated by the Modified Delphi Method. The criteria weights are determined by the Pythagorean Fuzzy-AHP method using the final pairwise comparison results obtained from the Modified Delphi Method. Subsequently, the Pythagorean Fuzzy TOPSIS method is applied to determine the best alternative site among alternatives to locate the ATM according to these criteria. Finally, the results are presented and discussed by sensitivity analysis.
Optimizing taxon addition order and branch lengths in the construction of phylogenetic trees using maximum likelihood
Authors: Yoon Yourim , Kim Yong-Hyuk
Published: January 2020

Taxon addition order and branch lengths are optimized by genetic algorithms (GAS) within the fastDNAml algorithm for constructing phylogenetic trees of high likelihood. Results suggest that optimizing the order in which taxa are added improves the likelihood of the resulting trees.
ProgSIO-MSA: Progressive-based single iterative optimization framework for multiple sequence alignment using an effective scoring system
Authors: Bankapur Sanjay , Patil Nagamma
Published: January 2020

Aligning more than two biological sequences is termed multiple sequence alignment (MSA). To analyze biological sequences, MSA is one of the primary activities with potential applications in phylogenetics, homology markers, protein structure prediction, gene regulation, and drug discovery. MSA problem is considered as NP-complete. Moreover, with the advancement of Next-Generation Sequencing techniques, all the gene and protein databases are consistently loaded with a vast amount of raw sequence data which are neither analyzed nor annotated. To analyze these growing volumes of raw sequences, the need of computationally-efficient (polynomial time) models with accurate alignment is high. In this study, a progressive-based alignment model is proposed, named ProgSIO-MSA, which consists of an effective scoring system and an optimization framework. The proposed scoring system aligns sequences effectively using the combination of two scoring strategies, i.e. Look Back Ahead, that scores a residue pair dynamically based on the status information of the previous position to improve the sum-of-pair score, and Position-Residue-Specific Dynamic Gap Penalty, that dynamically penalizes a gap using mutation matrix on the basis of residue and its position information. The proposed single iterative optimization (SIO) framework identifies and optimizes the local optima trap to improve the alignment quality. The proposed model is evaluated against progressive-based state-of-the-art models on two benchmark datasets, i.e. BAliBASE and SABmark. The alignment quality (biological accuracy) of the proposed model is increased by a factor of 17.7% on BAliBASE dataset. The proposed model’s efficiency is compared with state-of-the-art models using time complexity as well as runtime analysis. Wilcoxon signed-rank statistical test results concluded that the quality of the proposed model significantly outperformed progressive-based state-of-the-art models.
PDB-2-PBv3.0: An updated protein block database
Authors: Karuppasamy Muthuvel Prasath , Venkateswaran Suresh , Subbiah Parthasarathy
Published: January 2020

Our protein block (PB) sequence database PDB-2-PBv1.0 provides PB sequences and dihedral angles for 74,297 protein structures comprising of 103,252 protein chains of Protein Data Bank (PDB) as on 2011. Since there are a lot of practical applications of PB and also as the size of PDB database increases, it becomes necessary to provide the PB sequences for all PDB protein structures. The current updated PDB-2-PBv3.0 contains PB sequences for 147,602 PDB structures comprising of 400,355 protein chains as on October 2019. When compared to our previous version PDB-2-PBv1.0, the current PDB-2-PBv3.0 contains 2- and 4-fold increase in the number of protein structures and chains, respectively. Notably, it provides PB information for any protein chain, regardless of the missing atom records of protein structure data in PDB. It includes protein interaction information with DNA and RNA along with their corresponding functional classes from Nucleic Acid Database (NDB) and PDB. Now, the updated version allows the user to download multiple PB records by parameter search and/or by a given list. This database is freely accessible at http://bioinfo.bdu.ac.in/pb3 .