bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of metal halides on MoS₂ growth by chemical vapor deposition
Authors:   , Chen Zizhao , May Steven J. , Spanier Jonathan E.
Published: July 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are materials in which the crystal structure is arranged only along two dimensions. The first 2D material to be fabricated was graphene, and it has been studied intensively for its unique band structure and excellent mechanical properties. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are another type of 2D material that has a sandwich structure where a layer of transition metal atoms is situated between two layers of chalcogen atoms. MoS₂, an example of TMDs, is the most studied 2D material because of the transition from indirect to direct bandgap when the layer number decreases. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a widely used technique to synthesize 2D MoS₂. Large-scale thin films can be obtained from this method; however, a limitation of CVD is that the reaction temperature required for growth is high (~800 °C). In this work, I synthesized MoS₂ on SiO₂ with the assistance of different alkali metal halides (NaCl, NaF and NaBr) at reduced temperatures through CVD, and characterized the properties of the films with optical microscopy, Raman microscopy, photoluminescence and atomic force microscopy. I show that alkali metal halides can reduce the growth temperature of MoS₂ from 850 °C to 750 °C, and different alkali metal halides have different effects. The thickness of MoS₂ synthesized with the assistance of NaCl at 750 °C is close to bulk, while the thickness of MoS₂ synthesized with the assistance of NaBr and NaF at 750 °C is monolayer. However, the size of the films synthesized with the assistance of NaF at 750 °C is much smaller than that with NaBr, indicating that NaBr is the most suitable precursor that can be used to lower the reaction temperature while maintaining the crystalline quality at the investigated conditions. By demonstrating a means to reduce the CVD growth temperature, this work has a potential to advance synthesis of MoS₂ on temperature-sensitive substrates.
Distributed Generation Dispatch in Islanded Distribution Systems
Authors:   , Minter Zachary Land , Miu Karen Nan
Published: July 2021

Distribution systems have evolved into a complex participant in the overall power infrastructure. Both nationally and internationally, a push for increasing distributed energy resources has been made through economic policies for their environmental favorability and promise of service reliability. This, in turn, has led consumers and power system planners to consider partitioning larger networks into smaller, self-serviced subsystems, or microgrids, especially in cases of larger grid (e.g. transmission system) outages. Thus, traditional methods of distribution system planning and analysis need to be reevaluated. This thesis looks at the challenges associated with operating islanded distribution systems with a variety of distributed generation (DG) sources available. With fewer means of control, unbalanced loading, and the introduction of single-phase sources, such as photovoltaics and batteries, maintaining system balance needs to be considered. In addition, because of limited generating capacity, the impact of the slack bus model and its location in power flow analyses is studied. Emphasis is then placed on determining the commitment and economic dispatch of available DG, and how these can be used to regulate imbalance levels. This work presents modeling of distributed energy resources and imbalance metrics, a comprehensive cost minimization formulation, and a method for finding feasible dispatch schemes. Simulation results were obtained on a 64-bus islanded distribution network. Multiple sets of simulations were performed to see the effects different DG types and levels of penetration have on overall microgrid operation. The results show how different slack bus locations and corresponding dispatch decisions can improve or worsen operating costs and system-wide imbalance levels.
Metaphor in Motion
Authors:   , Shemory Elizabeth , Dubaillou Catherine , Schelly Hill Ellen
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this project was to develop a method to engage women living with eating disorders in an exploration of metaphor through movement in order to deepen their capacity for working with abstract metaphor while using it to explore therapeutic themes. Relevant literature and research are reviewed in order to provide a strong theoretical rationale for the method. The literature review includes a selection of articles addressing eating disorders, the use of metaphor in therapy, metaphor in the context of eating disorder treatment, metaphors used by women living with eating disorders, concretized metaphor and eating disorders, dance/movement therapy approaches for eating disorders, dance/movement therapy and metaphor, Space, Weight, and Time Factors, and metaphor and body memory. The method, Metaphor in Motion, is intended to provide a framework for engaging patients in a movement exploration of three therapeutic themes: the self, the function of the eating disorder, and the recovery/change process. Metaphor in Motion utilizes Space, Weight, and Time Effort factors to encourage exploration of movement metaphors in a group setting. Additionally, I discuss the sources of method development, how the method fit into the site's existing treatment model, my own reflections on the development process, and my insights about myself as the person of the therapist.
The Effect of Simulation on the development of Clinical Judgment in Second-Degree Nursing Students
Authors:   , Rush Mary Ellen , Wilson Linda , Okupniak Carol , Harkins Margaret
Published: July 2021

Nurses are challenged to use critical thinking skills and make sound clinical judgment in achieving optimal patient outcomes and improving patient safety (Alfaro-LeFevre, 2017). Clinical judgment is the ability to interpret patient data, and develop appropriate and timely interventions (Bussard, 2018). The effect of simulation on the development of clinical judgment has been investigated extensively in traditional nursing students. The rapid development of second-degree nursing students to address the nursing shortage (Sedgwick, Kellet, & Kalischuck, 2014), requires further investigation of the effect of simulation on the development of clinical judgment in second-degree nursing students. Opportunities for simulation experiences promote the development of clinical judgment in second-degree nursing students (Mariani, Cantrell, Meakin, & Jenkinson, 2015). This study encompassed a regularly scheduled simulation experience for students enrolled in a gerontology course in a second-degree nursing program. The study used a cross sectional design and encompasses an educational preparation video and demographic survey prior to the simulation. The Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric (Lasater, 2007) was used post debriefing and reflection to assess the effect of the simulation on the development of clinical judgment. Statistical analysis using SPSS software was used for data analysis, results, and understanding the implications for translating the evidence into practice.
Learning from Human Demonstration
Authors:   , Packard Brandon , Ontañón Santiago
Published: July 2021

Learning from demonstration (LfD) is a branch of machine learning that focuses on learning how to perform a given task by observing a demonstrator perform one or several demonstrations of it. Moreover, many of the current LfD techniques assume a large pool of training examples from which to learn. The long term goal of our research is to develop general LfD methods which can more easily learn from human demonstrators than state-of-the-art methods, through requiring less training data and more carefully selecting when to obtain more training data. The main contribution of this thesis is a novel Active Learning from Demonstration algorithm called SALT (Selective Active Learning from Traces), an algorithm which can match or outperform other state-of-the-art algorithms in multiple domains, while using less training data. We have also gathered evidence that human demonstrators find it preferable to another state-of-the-art LfD algorithm, that it is less mentally burdensome for them to train, and that it learns better from them.
Art Therapy and PBIS
Authors:   , Max Rose M. , Carlton Natalie , Tilton James
Published: July 2021

The intention of this capstone thesis was to develop, promote, and implement an art therapy program within my school district as an intervention for at-risk students and incorporate it into the structure of Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS). The integrative description of this capstone method development specifically highlighted how PBIS and Art therapy have been incorporated at an Urban High School in Southern California to address the increasingly growing number of at-risk students within this traditional public educational setting. At-risk behaviors in youth have been determined as signs of individual and familial distress by many researchers. With that framework in mind, my capstone project review of an ongoing implementation of PBIS in this urban high school included detailed art therapy applications that addressed themes of accountability, communication, collaboration, motivation, skill development, and goal setting for small groups of high school students, grades 9-12. As there is growing but limited data on PBIS as it applies to high school settings and very limited school art therapy programs with at-risk high school students, this work was intended to promote and to inform the district's teachers, administrators, community members, and policymakers of the potential of utilizing school-integrated art therapy as an intervention option.
Create, Destroy, Transform
Authors:   , Stickley Kristyn S. , Antcliff Liz , Wolf Denise R.
Published: July 2021

This paper describes the conceptualization and enaction of a method that sought to treat adults with histories of trauma who experienced symptoms of trauma. Research supporting the creation of this method encompassed literature surrounding neurological, arts-based, narrative, metaphorical, and relational approaches to trauma treatment. This paper directly directly aligns the art therapy directive Create, Destroy, Transform to the Expressive Therapies Continuum, the 5 R's of neurodevelopmental trauma treatment, and a stage approach trauma treatment. Implementation of Create, Destroy, Transform revealed the potential of regulation of the dysregulated brain, effects of using art as metaphor in trauma treatment, and stages of treatment necessary for trauma resolution. This method seemed to successfully allow for individuals to express, lament, and reintegrate their traumatic experiences into their life stories, possibly resulting in trauma resolution and post-traumatic growth. Finally, recommendations for future research and suggestions for the application of this method in therapy were outlined.
A Six-Degrees of Freedom Dynamic Ankle Simulator
Authors:   , Ruiz Rincón María , Siegler Sorin
Published: July 2021

A clear understanding of foot locomotion and the function of each of its bones, muscles and ligaments, would allow for a fast identification of pathologies as well as the improvement of surgical procedures. So far, many different methods have been used in the hopes that they will provide thorough information on the mechanics and physiology of the foot, while also stay non-invasive and ethical for the living subjects. However, these approaches come with limitations, such as the impossibility to determine individual bone kinematics. It is due to this that researchers depend on in vitro experiments of the foot. These highly invasive studies on cadavers provide information on the kinetic interaction between bones, including particularly shielded ones like the talus. Their application in reproducible and repetitive testing is also welcome for implant evaluation or any other surgical procedure. Different ankle simulators have been used for in vitro investigations in the past aiming to replicate foot dynamic functional activities. However, an accurate reproduction of gait would require a complicated combination of applied high-speed motions and large loadings. Due to this, some simplifications and assumptions are often needed during the design of the simulator. Current simulators do provide six-degree-of-freedom controlled movement. However, these are highly coupled, which leads to control difficulties and accumulative inaccuracies. In addition, the existing systems are slow and expensive. For this study, it was then considered that a new more accurate device was required to address these deficiencies. This led to the development of an innovative structure of the linkage with decoupled degrees of freedom, which provides a significant advantage over other simulators. Therefore, its control is much simpler and quick, it requires minimum online computation and its accuracy increases since error is not propagated. This is also a much cheaper solution, capable of delivering high forces. The design process of the linkage included dynamic simulations that were performed iteratively to ensure smooth performance free of collisions. These analyses showed the components are able to rotate perfectly, having enough available space to meet the ranges of motion required. Additionally, extremely high loads are applied by the linear actuators connected to the simulator, which may lead to unwelcome deformations. Therefore, the design process also included iterative FEM analysis to evaluate stresses and deformations, as well as to modify the design in order to produce proper mechanical loading on the elements of the structure. While some parts of the device proved to have minimal stresses, other parts showed a dangerous amount of deformation. This led to a change in their design which greatly improved their ability to withstand the required loads.
A critical review of reciprocal membership programs serving American art museums
Authors:   , DeMarco Caitlin R. , Brody Jean
Published: July 2021

This thesis proposes, and contributes to the creation of, a central, easily accessible, and up-to-date resource about reciprocal membership programs in order to streamline museums' access to the accurate information needed to effectively promote and implement them. If used, the resource will help museums solve and move past minor reoccurring communication issues and move toward using reciprocal membership programs in more strategic ways-benefiting the museums that participate in reciprocal membership programs, the individuals who run them, and the members who use them.
Use of the Medication Fall Risk Score in Post-Surgical Patients to Identify High Risk Patients
Authors:   , Lehman Carolyn W. , Poyss Alicemarie R.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this quality improvement project was to determine if surgical patients evaluated with a Medication Fall Risk Score (MFRS) used in conjunction with the Morse Fall Scale (MFS) would be noted as higher fall risks compared to those evaluated with only the MFS, thus eliciting a change in fall risk precautions. A retrospective chart review was performed on twenty of thirty-two patients that fell during the time frame of January 2018 to December 2018. The documented MFS of the patient assessed prior to the patient's fall was noted. The MFRS was then calculated from data extracted from the patient's electronic medical record to determine if the patient would have been found to be at a higher fall risk using this tool that specifically takes into account medications. After the data was collected and analyzed, it was found that half of the patients that fell were found to be higher falls risk using the MFRS tool, as compared to the MFS. This is significant, since any reduction in patient falls will be cost effective for this institution. The results of this project support the use of the MFRS to better identify surgical patients at high risk of falls. However, due to the limitations of a retrospective chart review, it can be concluded to perform a Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) on a larger sample of patients admitted to the surgical unit with appropriate follow up for implementation. Keywords: fall risk score, surgical patients, fall risk, patient falls, medications
Acidity of Plasma Activated Water from Non-Equilibrium Plasma Discharges and Identification of Superoxide and Ozonide as the Conjugate Bases of Metastable Plasma Acid
Authors:   , Robinson Ryan D. , Fridman Alexander A. , Dobrynin Danil
Published: July 2021

When liquid water is treated with a non-thermal plasma discharge, a solution of reactive species is generated, also referred to as plasma activated water (PAW). For some time now, interest in non-thermal plasma treatment of liquids has been increasing in the biomedical, environmental, and agricultural fields as well as food processing. PAW solutions are sought after as advanced oxidative procedures for their oxidizing potential, ease of implementation, and wide range of reactive species produced (e.g., ·OH, ·O, H₂O₂, NO3-, ONOO-). These discharges can be applied near room temperature and atmospheric pressure with a variety of gases including atmospheric air. However, applying non-equilibrium discharges in oxygen or oxygen/noble gas mixtures has been shown to produce acidic solutions. The resulting acidic water solution, sometimes referred as "plasma acid", was shown to have strong but temporary oxidizing properties. The conjugate base of this oxygen plasma-produced acid remained unidentified, while existence of strong temporal water-based oxidizer offers a number of exciting potential applications. At the same time, the applicability of chemical processes observed in treatments with low power discharges used in laboratory setting non-equilibrium plasmas to higher powered discharges for upscaling to industrial needs is still not fully understood. The occurrence of acidic solutions produced from discharges in both air and oxygen environments as well the temperature dependence on the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RONS) in water were investigated in this study. The results obtained for the water treated with oxygen plasmas suggest that "plasma acid" contains unstable O2- and O3- as possible sources of the "plasma acid" anion which explains the nature and the temporary oxidizing properties of "plasma acid". Production of PAW from a gliding arc plasmatron (GAP) and with nanosecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) batch treatments are used to investigate the viability of increasing power for the upscaling from laboratory to industrial settings. GAP was a source of "warm" plasma for continuous production useful to an industrial setting, while DBD was a source of cold plasma typically used in laboratory settings and direct biomedical applications. The GAP was shown to produce comparable PAW solution compositions to DBD (specifically HNO3, HNO2, H₂O₂, and pH), despite the increased power and elevated gas temperatures, largely attributed to the rapid cooling of the solution post treatment.
Cell and Exosome RNA Signatures from Mouse Primary Neurons and Astrocytes
Authors:   , Luo Xuan , Ajit Seena
Published: July 2021

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) or exosomes are 30-150 nm vesicles that mediate intercellular communication by transferring RNA and proteins to the recipient cells. The biomolecular cargo is selectively sorted into exosomes and mirror the physiological state of the donor cells. Given that exosomes cross the blood-brain barrier and their composition can change in neurological disorders, there is an increasing interest in elucidating their molecular signature. Exosomes in circulation are derived from multiple cellular sources; hence, determining their source is challenging. Information on exosome composition can be beneficial in predicting whether the exosomes released are predominantly from central nervous system cells. We hypothesized that only a subset of cellular miRNAs are packaged into sEVs secreted by neurons or astrocytes and the miRNA signature can be unique to the donor cells. sEVs isolated from postnatal mouse cortical neuron and astrocyte cultures were characterized for their purity and integrity. Sequencing total cellular RNA and miRNAs from sEVs revealed a distinct miRNA profile between cells and their sEVs. We observed differences in miRNA expression and packaging into sEVs between neurons and astrocytes. Differential mRNA expression of five cellular RNA-binding proteins (RBP), and the presence of EXOmotifs, the short sequence motifs that control the loading of RNA into exosomes suggest the mechanisms employed for RNA sorting into exosomes can vary in neurons and astrocytes. Future studies will determine the roles of RBP and EXOmotifs in miRNA packaging and examine whether the miRNAs altered in neurological disorders were derived from neurons or astrocytes or both.
Development of Computational Fluid Dynamics based Artificial Neural Network Metamodels for Wastewater Disinfection
Authors:   , Wei Wangshu , Farouk Bakhtier , Haas Charles N.
Published: July 2021

The mechanisms of the mixing of two streams are investigated numerically. The transport processes of both mass and heat transfer in the mixing of either two gases or two miscible liquids are studied with 3-D time-dependent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The flow fields are calculated for the T-junction (of two circular cross-section pipes that meet orthogonally at a junction) which is one of the most common mixing devices in the study of mass and heat transfer. For turbulent flow regimes, the large eddy simulation (LES) technique is employed. Second-order differencing scheme is applied in the simulation to minimize numerical diffusion. The results obtained by the numerical simulations are verified with available experimental data in the literature for air-methane mixing in a T-junction. In the wastewater disinfection process, Peracetic acid (PAA) is an effective anti-microbial agent for disinfection and has a significant applicability in wastewater treatment processes. Similar to other chemical disinfection technologies, such as chlorination, and ozonation, the performance of PAA is determined by hydraulics of a disinfection contactor, chemical kinetics of microbial inactivation, and specific water characteristics. On-site physical modelling on pilot scale has been an important and usual method to validate the kinetics and the performance for a particular system. However, physical modelling is expensive and time consuming. CFD technique offers an alternative to physical modelling. With increasing computational power on personal computers (PCs), applying CFD simulation on a full-scale reactor is becoming more and more achievable. With proven accuracy on predicting the performance of full scale facilities, CFD is now playing a significant role in the wastewater treatment industry. A transient CFD simulation of a full-scale contactor with reasonable accuracy can be achieved within hours on PCs, which significantly lower the cost of undertaking physical modelling experiments. Metamodels based on artificial neural network (ANN) are computationally efficient mathematical approximations to a highly complex system with multiple non-linear features. With a parametric study of CFD simulations providing training dataset, the metamodel is able to be calibrated to predict the performance of a variety contactors with different geometries, inlet conditions and chemical kinetics. In this thesis, the results of microorganism inactivation and PAA decay in full scale contactors using three-dimensional CFD models are presented. Then the results of the simulations were applied to develop ANN-based metamodels. The performance of metamodels were validated with both CFD simulations and pilot scale experiments.
Perceptions of Gender Diversity in the Philadelphia Independent Music Scene Test
Authors:   , Swab Darby Graeson , Almanzar Salina , Brody Jean
Published: July 2021

Philadelphia is a city with rich artistic and historical significance that is an attractive hub due to its diversity. However, musicians in Philadelphia are experiencing distaste for the current status quo. Tours continue to be announced without participation from women, non-binary people, and transgender people. All white male groups seem to be the face of music, but bands coming from Philadelphia are increasingly diverse. Ten Philadelphia based musicians were interviewed to assess the climate of Philadelphia's independent music scene with a focus on gender diversity and inclusion. This essay provides a qualitative analysis of what musicians are doing to foster gender diversity in their community. This study also provides recommendations for creating more inclusive music communities and future research based on both the primary research and current literature. This study found that while the Philadelphia independent music scene appears to be moving more diligently toward gender equity than other thriving music scenes, there is still homogeneity, divisiveness within the community and a pointed concern for a more intersectional understanding of diversity and inclusion.
Fairy Tales and Substance Use Disorder
Authors:   , Grosso Joseph John , Rattigan Michele , Carlton Natalie
Published: July 2021

This paper describes the development of an art therapy method that uses fairy tale imagery in a group session with adults diagnosed with substance use disorder. This method was developed to allow individuals to process past traumatic experiences through the use of metaphor. After implementation of the method, there were noticeable themes that highlighted increased defense mechanisms, as well as group universality. There are recommendations for improvement of the method, as well as reflection of the process and insight for future exploration and research.
Resting state functional connectivity of loss of control eating and weight concern in youth
Authors:   , Benson Leora B. , Lowe Michael R.
Published: July 2021

Eating disorders (EDs) are difficult to treat and understanding the etiology of symptoms of the disease, including neural correlates, can aid in uncovering early risk factors to target for disease prevention. Loss of control (LOC) eating that accompanies binge eating in individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge eating disorder (BED), and the over-concern with weight and shape (WC), a characteristic of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and BN, are two symptoms that often predict later development of EDs. In this study we examine fMRI resting state functional connectivity in individuals from a population sample (ages 10-20 years) with LOC (n =39), WC (n=43) and with both LOC and WC (n =37), compared to controls (n =36), to uncover differential brain networks underlying these symptoms. Results showed that individuals with LOC eating had decreased connectivity of executive control regions to regions related to self-processing, and individuals with WC had decreased connectivity within sensory regions, and between somatosensory to visual processing regions. The group with both LOC and WC had decreased connectivity within sensory and reward regions, and between reward regions to visual and attentional processing regions, as well as increased connectivity between an inhibitory control region to sensory regions. Results suggest altered brain connectivity is related to ED symptoms even in the absence of ED diagnosis, and because the results were in a young sample these disruptions are likely early neurological markers prior to onset of disease.
Excitation, Model and Analysis Uncertainties in Seismic Assessment of Bridges
Authors:   , Falamarz-Sheikhabadi Mohammad Reza , Zerva Aspasia
Published: July 2021

In seismic assessments, structural engineers must visualize the structure and its environment. As a matter of fact, the visualized system is obviously not the actual one, and, hence, the numerical simulation of structural systems possess some inherent uncertainties associated with the simplification/abstraction. The uncertainty sources affecting the seismic assessment of structures are often characterized as either aleatoric or epistemic in nature. Aleatoric uncertainty refers to randomness, i.e. stems from the unpredictable nature of events, and epistemic uncertainty refers to the lack of knowledge, i.e. stems from incomplete data, ignorance, or modeling assumptions. The main objective of this dissertation is to examine the current strategy in seismic design/assessment of bridges by considering the effect of various sources of uncertainty. This research effort investigates the impact of three main sources of uncertainty in seismic assessments, i.e. excitation scenario, system modeling strategy, and analysis methodology, on the reliability of the computational prediction of the seismic behavior of bridges. Analytical considerations and numerical results of the present study highlight the difficulties with the conventional procedures proposed by codes in the seismic design/assessment of bridges, and provide practice-oriented recommendations for: (1) increasing the reliability of the numerical results, and (2) decreasing the dispersion of the structural response.
Teachers #Resist
Authors:   , Alderfer Katelyn , Smith Brian K. , Kelly Kristy
Published: July 2021

It has been known that schools have acted as activist spaces and that teachers have acted in an activist capacity. Despite this, teacher activists have struggled with their private activist identities while being public servants. Activists are moving towards social media spaces, the perfect venue to understand not only how teacher activists are acting in an activist capacity but also how social media plays a role in their struggle between being a private citizen and public professional. This blended netnographic study made use of interviews, qualitative surveys, and social media content analysis to determine how teacher activists define their activism and which social movements they engage as well as what this activism means in terms of their roles as both public and private citizens, and what role social media plays in these participants' activism. Through qualitative analysis I find that teacher activists constantly negotiate their role as both public educators and private activists even in online spaces. Making strategic use of both humor and what I call "tempered activism" in their activist work, they nevertheless do not self-identify as "activists." This raises questions about how activism is defined, what activities are included, and who is imagined as doing activist work in the context of contemporary social movement organizing. Findings suggest that by broadening the definition of activism to include the work teacher activists are doing on social media, research on activism and activist communities will allow for the inclusion of more diverse voices, especially on social media.
A Study of the Final Deposition of Inkjet-Printed Complex Bioink Drops
Authors:   , Kaneelil Paul Raju , Sun Ying
Published: July 2021

Regenerative medicine has been gaining a great deal of popularity in the recent years due to the advent of technology that allows for the fabrication of lost tissues and organs in the human body. A process that enables this fabrication is called bioprinting, which uses additive manufacturing methods such as inkjet printing to create 3D cellular scaffolds out of polymer-based bioinks. In recent years, 4D bioprinting was introduced where the inkjet-printed 3D structure evolves over time and self-folds into a desired shape upon the application of a stimulus. One of the parameters that influences the folding is the deposition morphology of the 3D structure. However, the underlying physics of the deposition morphology of bioinks still remains elusive. In this study, the effect of substrate temperature and drop size on the final deposition morphology of an inkjet-printed bioink droplet were investigated. Substrate temperature was varied between 22°C and 80°C, and drop size was varied from 200pL to 65nL. Increasing substrate temperature resulted in the formation of a coffee-ring deposition and increasing drop size led to the formation of a volcano-like deposition. The thermal and surfactant Marangoni numbers for each case were calculated and were found to be independent of the substrate temperature. Furthermore, the surfactant Marangoni was found to be the dominant flow among the various Marangoni flows in all the cases studied here. Thus, with increasing substrate temperature, the strength of the Marangoni flows stays constant while the evaporation-driven flow to the contact line intensifies, resulting in a coffee-ring deposition. With increasing drop size, the Marangoni flows are strengthened (i.e. the Marangoni number increases), which should theoretically result in a uniform deposition rather than the volcano-like deposition observed. This unexpected result may be caused by polymer gelation during evaporation, as also recently indicated by others. Nevertheless, more work needs to be done to understand the details behind how the various components of the bioink govern the deposition dynamics and morphology.
Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Reduction Strategy
Authors:   , Wurster Rosemary H. , Wilson Linda
Published: July 2021

Background: Hospital acquired catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) remain a problem contributing to death or extension of illnesses in patients in intensive care units each year. Rounding by staff and nurse leaders has been successful in increasing patient satisfaction and safety in hospitalized patients. The National Healthcare Safety Network reports that urinary tract infections are the most commonly occurring infection in critical care patients. Current efforts to reduce CAUTI are widely studied and only partially successful. Purpose: The purpose is to decrease CAUTI incidence by decreasing device utilization in five intensive care units in a suburban health system. Methods: Two questions focused on catheter removal were incorporated into the hardwired nurse leader rounds. Implementation Plan/Procedure: Using Rounds+ (TM), the added questions were loaded and deployed for ICU patients with indwelling urinary catheters for a period of 3 weeks. Implications/Conclusion: Although the device days did not decrease, multiple opportunities to use the nurse driven protocol were identified. Additionally, the greatest reason for maintaining the catheter was captured as strict intake and output measurement. Keywords: catheter associated urinary tract infections, intensive care unit infections, CAUTI, nurse leader rounds, hospital associated infections, indwelling urinary catheter.
Intrinsic Properties and Connectivity of Shox2 Interneurons in Spinal Locomotor Networks
Authors:   , Ha Ngoc T. B. , Gao Wen-jun
Published: July 2021

Hindlimb locomotion or walking is a highly stereotypical and coordinated activity that is characterized by alternation in flexor and extensor muscles on the same side of the body and alternation of the same muscle types on the opposite side of the body. This behavior is generated by a specialized neural network called the central pattern generator, located in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord. Among others, spinal central pattern generator consists of rhythm generating interneurons that are capable of generating the rhythm (or timing), and recruiting neurons controlling the pattern of muscle activation. The mechanisms contributing to rhythmogenesis in rhythm generating interneurons have been hypothesized but are still largely unknown. Spinal interneurons expressing the transcription factor Shox2 have recently been demonstrated to participate in locomotor rhythm generation and patterning. The purpose of this thesis is to explore cellular properties and interconnectivity of Shox2 interneurons as two potential mechanisms contributing to their rhythmic activity in neonatal mice. Connectivity studies revealed that Shox2 interneurons are connected primarily via electrical synapses, which function to promote synchrony in population activity. Electrical coupling is specific to functional rhythm and patterning populations. Shox2 interneurons can also be divided into flexor- or extensor-related neurons based on the locomotor phasing of their firing. Interconnectivity was also found to be specific to flexor- and to extensor-related Shox2 populations. Intrinsic properties and potential rhythmogenic currents were similarly expressed in Shox2 neurons, regardless of functional grouping. Altogether, our findings providing insight into the organization of the spinal locomotor network by suggesting that network properties and interconnectivity may play a more prominent role in contributing to rhythmic activity in Shox2 interneurons in neonatal mice.
The Spillover Effect
Authors:   , Paul Kelli , Brody Jean
Published: July 2021

This paper set out to provide specific data and anecdotal evidence highlighting the private benefits of the arts experience and illustrating how these benefits spill over into the community. Through surveys and in-depth interviews, this study found there are four extremely influential factors in these respondents' decision to participate: enjoyment, artistic outlet, cultural enrichment and friendship. Furthermore, the friendship component was nearly equal with the artistic when discussing motivating factors for participation. In fact, throughout the survey, responses included the establishment, development or continuation of community bonds, emphasizing that these centers are playing a significant role in the creation of social bonds and communal meaning. The results from this study indicate that participants in two Pennsylvania community arts centers exhibit some evidence that they are developing as individuals and, in turn, contributing to the greater good of society, and that a key factor in this development is the social aspect of programming.
A Knitting Group for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors:   , Ochsenreither Erica , Carlton Natalie
Published: July 2021

The following capstone describes a knitting group which takes place in a safe haven for survivors of intimate partner violence. This method was developed based on the potential benefits of using fiber arts, the capability of knitting to fulfill a neurodevelopmental approach to art therapy, and the ability for the group to be informed by an intersectional approach. Implementation of this method highlighted knitting as building social support, experiences of mastery, aspects of growth, development of coping skills, relaxation, increased self-worth, opportunities for gift giving, inspiration of humor, and reflection from the staff. Recommendations for future research include pre and post group assessments, greater diversity within the group, distinction between children and adult groups, observations of stages of change, and incorporating knitting into mindfulness groups.
Design and Characterization of the Exo-Skin Haptic Device
Authors:   , Koerner Michael David , Dion Genevieve , Cohen Andrew R.
Published: July 2021

The Exo-Skin system is a tendon actuated wearable robotic device for use in remote rehabilitation and grip assistance applications. The device has two functional components: the textile exoskeleton glove and web-based user interface. The textile exoskeleton is constructed using 3D seamless knit technologies, enabling rapid and inexpensive production on an industrial scale. Knit structures within the textile provide a natural interface between the actuated tendons and the user's hand. This allows the device to sense and induce flexion and extension unique to each digit. The Exo-Skin device can be used as a distributed control system communicating over HTTPS. Multiple clients can access the glove interface remotely via the web, providing the framework for haptic tele-rehabilitation applications. The functional capabilities of the device were characterized. Grasping to full flexion could be executed in 2 seconds. The composite joint angular resolution sensed by the device during motion induction was 0.134 degrees. Very low variability in sensing and motion induction was found between trials (coefficient of variation < 0.02). Results indicate that motion induced by the device encompassed the functional range of motion of a healthy hand. Force output characterization determined the device could exert pinch forces in the 4 - 6 N range and grip forces in the 10 - 12 N range with very low variability between exertions (coefficient of variation = 0.124). These forces are adequate to assist the wearer in activities for daily living, enabling assistance as needed therapy during recovery.
The Use of Social Media by ABC and its Ability to Increase Linear Audiences
Authors:   , White Briana C. , Tedesco Albert S. , Salas Philip W.
Published: July 2021

Traditional television got a boost in 2014 when ABC launched its Thursday night primetime fall television block known as T. G. I. T. or Thank Gosh it's Thursday. All three shows that aired were created by Shonda Rhimes. The night began at 8:00 with Greys Anatomy. Scandal followed at 9:00, and How to Get Away with Murder wrapped up the programming block at 10:00. The night heavily relied on twitter, in fact, T. G. I. T. is probably better known as #T. G. I. T., and the stars, producers, writers, etc. of the show live-tweeted during the episodes along with fans. With the emergence of new media like DVR, VOD, and streaming television, the need for appointment viewing has shifted and now hinges on where, what, and when viewers want to watch. This study will focus on the expression, "appointment tweeting", the act of tuning into Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc. at a specific time during a live television broadcast. This is different than "Social TV" because it emphasizes the viewer's drive to get in front of the television for the live broadcast of show with the hope and promise of engaging in social media. Social TV on the other hand emphasizes the literal practice of engaging and interacting with others while watching a television broadcast (Walker, 2018). The study will explore if and then why viewers are more drawn to a live broadcast of a primetime television show if there is a social media presence that accompanies the broadcast. The research will focus on the twitter campaign launched by ABC and Shondaland, the production company founded by television writer and producer, Shonda Rhimes, to help promote their 2014/2015 Thursday block of ABC shows. It will explore who interacts with social media during the live broadcast of a television show and why.
The Lasting Impacts that High School Theatre Experiences Have into Adulthood
Authors:   , Ludlum Shannon Paige , Brody Jean
Published: July 2021

This is a study of the lasting impacts that high school theatre participation has into adulthood. A combination of an online survey and interviews were conducted to reveal what types of experiences adults recall from their high school theatre participation. The adults who took the online survey ranged in age from the 20's-70's. I found that the majority of adults reported positive lasting impacts. Many people experienced psychological benefits such as lasting friendships, increased self-esteem, and developed a sense of belonging with their peers. Useful life skills were also noted: management skills, public speaking, and construction skills.
Experimental Verification of Finite Element Computer Modeling of Distal Radius Locking Bridge Plate for Treatment of Distal Radius Fracture
Authors:   , Honadel Spencer , Siegler Sorin
Published: July 2021

This study aims to produce experimental data on the mechanical properties and modes of failure of a distal radius locking bridge plate in simulated distal radius fracture (DRF), both independently and screwed to synthetic bone, loaded in a similar loading configuration as reported in patients. These data will be used to validate a finite element analysis (FEA) model of the same fracture fixation construct under similar loading conditions in future studies. Two biomechanical in-vitro experiments were performed using composite radius and fused hand Sawbones to represent patient anatomy. The plate is installed by a registered orthopedic surgeon using a surgical guide provided by the manufacturer. After plate installation, a one-centimeter gap is osteotomized in the metaphysis region and replaced with rubber. A static loading test in a cantilever arrangement was performed on this assembly, as well as on an isolated plate, held in a custom-made jig in which the sample was fixed proximally. The isolated plate showed plastic deformation at 46.5 Newtons, and the assembly deformed at between 65 and 90 Newtons. Plastic deformation is measured using strain and force gages. These tests measure data at one sample per second, and the rate of change of this data can be studied as a correspondence to spring constant. These values can be compared to show consistency and are elucidated below. Confidence in these results is verified by mathematical modeling which approximates the isolated plate as a simply supported beam. In the case of this simplified model, the isolated plate would deform at 27 N. This is a ballpark approximation that shows that measurements are on the right order of magnitude. These data collected give evidence that the experimental setup gives repeatable results in multiple iterations, which are usable for finite element analysis to be conducted in the future.
Enhancing Engagement
Authors:   , Savage Jordyn , Nightingale Marjorie , Gates Gayle
Published: July 2021

This case conceptualization explores how dance/movement therapy can foster social interactions in an African American family with a child who is diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Spectrum Disorder is a pervasive developmental disorder that can cause persistent impairments in social communication and social interactions across multiple contexts with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. Deficits in social communication and social interaction are often the early indicators of ASD. It makes it difficult for those who are diagnosed with ASD to relate to others and typically becomes the main focus in intervention planning. The Creative Arts Therapies can encompass many developmental goals for children with ASD. Dance/movement therapy, a modality within the field of the creative arts therapies addresses this deficit through relational intervention attending to non-verbal, as well as verbal behaviors, creating play scenarios and supporting shared focus of attention. This case conceptualization takes an in-depth look into six dance/movement therapy sessions with mother and son dyad to further explore the impact that DMT has on social interactions.
Solution Crystallization of Poly(ethylene oxide) Bottle Brushes
Authors:   , Liu Xiting , Li Christopher Y.
Published: July 2021

Polymer bottle brush (BB) as a newly developed polymer architecture has attracted a lot of attention in the materials science field. Polymer bottle brushes usually have high molecular weight and a worm-like shape. Polymer bottle brushes have side chains that are closely covalently bonded to a linear polymer backbone. Because of the close packing of side chains, the backbone is extended. Polymer bottle brushes are well-defined polymers by controlling the side chains, backbone and grafting density. The study of crystallization behavior of polymer bottle brush is essential for us to gain a better knowledge of polymer bottle brush. In this thesis study, we investigated the crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene oxide) BB (PEO-BB) in dilute solution. 5K PEO side chain was used as the side chain of the polymer bottle brush(BB). The degree of polymerization of backbone is 800 and the grafting density is controlled to be 76% and 48.6%. Uniformly spherical single crystals structure have been observed in PEO-BB. Furthermore, the size of the spherical crystals increases with the increasing crystallization temperature. Single layer structure transfers into a muti-lay structure when the concentration of the solution increases. Programmable growth was also conducted in this research, using different size of 300Klinear PEO single crystals as the seeds in the solution. A plethora of single crystal morphologies have been observed, and the detailed formation mechanism will be discussed.