bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zakat on Business Entities and its Tax Treatment
Authors: Nuruddin Muhammad Ali , Anshori Muslich , Mawardi Imron
Published: August 2023

The focus of this paper is on zakat on business entities and its tax treatment, whether the zakat clause as a deduction from taxable income regulated in Law Number 23 of 2011 concerning zakat management and Law Number 36 of 2008 concerning the Fourth Amendment to Law Number 7 of 1983 concerning Income Tax affects taxable income and income tax that must be paid by the company. The research approach is a case study where the sampling business entities are companies engaged in property services whose income tax calculation is final and companies in the trading sector whose tax calculation uses the tariff of article 17 of the Income Tax Law. The results of the study provide legal certainty for business entities that pay zakat and become input for government policy in the management of zakat and taxation. If zakat payment is recognized as a deduction, it can encourage more active zakat payment and increase the contribution of zakat to state revenue. However, if zakat payment is not recognized, business entities may face higher tax burden which has implications on their financial planning. This research contributes to the understanding of zakat and taxation in Indonesia and has implications for the legal framework and tax regulations.
Causal relationship between gut microbiome and risk of AMD: a two-sample Mendelian Randomization study
Authors: Li Gai-yun , Yao Pei-sen
Published: August 2023

Introduction
To identify gut microbiota susceptible to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) development, a Mendelian Randomization (MR) design was employed to systematically screen the gut microbiome for the potential risk of AMD.
Methods
Instrumental variables of 196 gut microbiota were obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the MiBioGen consortium. A Mendelian randomization study was conducted to estimate their effects on AMD risk from R8 FinnGen GWAS (7582 AMD cases and 318039 controls). Inverse variance weighted (IVW) is the primary method to analyze causality, and MR results are verified by several sensitivity analyses.
Results
IVW results confirmed that Genus-Faecalibacterium (P = 7.56×10 − 4) was correlated with the risk of AMD. Genus-Candidatus_Soleaferrea (P = 2.05×10 − 3) was a protective factor for AMD. Heterogeneity (P > 0.05) and pleiotropy (P > 0.05) analysis confirmed the robustness of MR results.
Conclusion
We confirmed a potential causal relationship between some gut microbiota taxa and AMD, highlighting the association of the "gut-eye" axis and offering new insights into the gut microbiota-mediated mechanism of AMD.
Static and dynamic magnetization control of extrinsic multiferroics by the converse magneto-photostrictive effect.
Authors: Dekadjevi David , Matthieu Liparo , Jay Jean-Philippe , Dubreuil Matthieu , Simon Gaelle , Fessant Alain , Jahjah Walaa , Grand Yann Le , Sheppard Charles , Prinsloo Aletta , Vlaminck Vincent , Castel Vincent , Temdie-Kom Loic , Bourcin Guillaume , Spenato David
Published: August 2023

In this work, photostrictive manipulations of static and dynamic magnetic properties are demonstrated in an extrinsic multiferroic composite. The photostriction is achieved with visible light in the blue region of the spectrum. The composites consist of 5 nm or 10 nm magnetostrictive Fe$_{81}$Ga$_{19}$ thin films coupled to a piezoelectric (011)-Pb(Mg$_{1/3}$Nb$_{2/3}$)O$_3$-Pb(Zr,Ti)O$_3$ substrate. Angular dependent magnetization reversals properties are largely enhanced or reduced under a converse magneto-photostrictive effect (CMPE). The CMPE strength is analysed with a novel coefficient named the converse magneto-photostrictive coupling coefficient. This coefficient is proposed as a general approach to analyse and to compare different extrinsic multiferroics under the converse magneto-photostrictive effect. Its thickness dependence reveals that the CMPE strength decreases with an increase of the Fe$_{81}$Ga$_{19}$ thickness. Experimental evidence for a control of dynamic magnetic properties under CMPE is then revealed by ferromagnetic resonance measurements. Resonant fields are shifted under CMPE, whereas their linewidths remain constant. Furthermore, resonant field shifts can be either positive or negative depending on the in-plane angle. The largest shift under CMPE of +5.7~\% is obtained for the 5~nm sample. Our study shows that the CMPE provides an efficient approach for a control of not only the static but also the dynamic magnetic properties in extrinsic multiferroics.
HIV/STD prevalence and test uptake among African in Guangzhou, China: an analysis of data from hospital-based surveillance
Authors: Xiong Mingzhou , Yang Menglan , Zhao Peizhen , Huang Shujie , Wang Cheng
Published: August 2023

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) cause substantial morbidity and mortality both in African and China. However, there is limited data available on the prevalence of HIV/STDs and the uptake of testing among Africans in China. A venue-based survey was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou to investigate the prevalence of HIV/STDs through laboratory testing and identify the associated factors. The prevalence rates of HIV, syphilis, NG, CT, and HBsAg among the participants were 1.0%, 2.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 5.5%, respectively. The overall reported rate of HIV/STD testing was 37.0%, with rates of 23.0% for HIV, 16.5% for syphilis, 12.5% for NG, 6.5% for genital herpes, 5.0% for condyloma acuminata, and 2.5% for CT. HIV/STD testing was associated with living environment in Guangzhou, having medical insurance in China, and utilizing health services in China in the past year. HIV/STDs are prevalent among Africans in China, and the epidemic is likely to spread due to a significant proportion of unprotected sexual behaviors and low rates of HIV/STD testing. Urgent interventions, including targeted health education, promotion of health service utilization, and active surveillance of HIV/STDs, are needed to reduce the risk of HIV/STD transmission.
Construction of IgG-Fab 2 bispecific antibody via intein-mediated protein trans- splicing reaction
Authors: Yamada Risa , Nakahara Ishin , Kumagai Izumi , Asano Ryutaro , Nakanishi Takeshi , Makabe Koki
Published: August 2023

A bispecific antibody (bsAb) is a class of engineered antibody molecules that simultaneously binds to two different antigens by having two kinds of antigen-binding domains. One of the major obstacles for the bsAb production is the incorrect chain-pairing problem, wherein each heavy and light chain should form pairings with the correct counterpart’s chains, but the structural similarity of the incorrect partners also forms the incorrect pairings. This study aimed to demonstrate a bsAb construction method using intein-mediated protein trans-splicing to create IgG-Fab2–type bsAbs, which is a modified antibody with a structure in which two additional Fabs are linked to the N-terminus of the heavy chain of an IgG molecule. The chain-paring problem between a heavy chain and a light chain is circumvented by separate expression and purification of the IgG part and the Fab part. We found that the deletion of a possible glycosylation residue improved the reaction yield and side-reaction cleavage in the protein ligation step. The resulting bsAb, IgG-Fab2 (Her2/CD3), demonstrated target binding activity and cytotoxicity mediated by activated T cells. These results indicate that the use of the protein ligation to produce the IgG-Fab2 type bsAb will expand the bsAb production method.
Systemic metabolomics characterization of the ascending and descending property
Authors: Liu Tong , Zhou Ning , Fu Yang , Feng Weisheng , Zheng Xiaoke
Published: August 2023

Background

According to the theory of TCM, ascending medicine has the effects of elevating yang, raising drooping, and inducing sweating. Descending medicine has the effects of relieving dyspnea and hiccup, stopping reflux, and calming nerves. In conclusion, the ascending/descending properties of TCM serve as a guide for the use of TCMs in clinical practice. However, at present, there are few studies on the ascending/descending properties of TCM. This study aimed to compare the effects of 6 ascending and 8 descending medicine on the main organs (heart, liver, lung, spleen, and kidney) of normal rats, characterizing the ascending and descending properties.

Methods

The orgain samples of all experiment group were analyzed based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOFMS). Then, to character the ascending and descending properties, the effects of 6 ascending and 8 descending medicine on the main organs (heart, liver, lung, spleen, and kidney) of normal rats were compared.

Results

The systemic metabolomics results indicated that linoleic acid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism were the major differential pathways affected by ascending/descending medicine in the heart; nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism, glutamic acid and glutathione metabolism, and L-carnitine metabolism were the major differential pathways affected by ascending/descending medicine in the liver; tryptophan metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and pyroglutamic acid and glutamic acid metabolism were the major differential pathways affected by ascending/descending medicine in the lung; tryptophan metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and glutamic acid metabolism were the major differential pathways affected by ascending/descending medicine in the kidney; and glutamic acid and glutamine metabolism were the major differential pathway affected by ascending/descending medicine in the spleen.

Conclusions

Ascending medicine exhibited positive effects on nerve stimulation, immunity, and reproductive function by promoting energy metabolism in the heart and liver, whereas descending medicine had the opposite effect. Descending medicine exhibited a positive effect on diuresis by promoting blood circulation, whereas ascending medicine had the opposite effect. Both descending medicine and ascending medicine intervened with pulmonary inflammation, but the underlying mechanisms may be different. This study demonstrated that systemic metabolomics technology can be used for the characterization of traditional Chinese medicine properties.
Influence of temperature and spin-orbit interaction on the effective mass of polaron in an anisotropic quantum dot
Authors: Shan Shu-Ping
Published: August 2023

Using Tokuda's improved linear combination operator method and variational technique, the expression of the effective mass of strong coupled polaron in an anisotropic quantum dot is derived. Due to the spin orbit interaction, the effective mass of polaron splits into two branches. The dependence of effective mass on temperature, electron-phonon coupling strength, transverse and longitudinal confinement lengths and velocity is discussed by numerical calculation. The effective mass of polaron is an increasing function of temperature and electron-phonon coupling strength, and a decreasing function of transverse confinement length, longitudinal confinement length, and velocity. The absolute value of spin splitting effective mass increases with the increase of temperature and spin orbit coupling parameter, and decreases with the increase of transverse confinement length, longitudinal confinement length and velocity. Due to the heavy hole characteristic, the spin splitting effective mass is negative.
Prognostic analysis based on multi-features calculation and clinical information fusion of colorectal cancer whole slide pathological image
Authors: Cai Chengfei , Zhou Yangshu , Wang Xiangxue , Jiao Yiping , Liang Li , Xu Jun
Published: August 2023

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor within digestive tract with both high incidence rate and and mortality. Early detection and intervention could improve patient clinical outcome and survival.
Methods: This study computationally investigate a set of prognostic tissue and celluer features from diagnostic tissue slide. With the combination of clinical prognostic variable, the pathological image features could predict the prognosis in CRC patients.ur CRC prognosis prediction pipeline is sequentially consisted of three modules: (1) A DeepTissue Net to delineate outlines of different tissue types within the WSI of CRC for further ROI selection by pathologist; (2) Development of three-level quantitative image metrics related to tissue compositions, cell shape and hidden features from deep network; (3) Fusion of multi-level features to build a prognostic CRC model for predicting survival for CRC.
Results: Experimental results suggest that each group of features has a certain relationship with the prognosis of patients in the independent test set. In the fusion features combination experiment, the accuracy rate of predicting patients' prognosis and survival status is 81.52%, and the AUC value is 0.77.
Conclusion: This paper constructs a model that can predict postoperative survival of patients by using image features and clinical information.Some features were found to be associated with the prognosis and survival of patients.
Compaction and spheroid formation modulates stemness and differentiation of human pancreas organoids
Authors:   , Saeifar Sanam
Published: August 2023

The incidence of diabetes type 1 (T1D) in children and young adults is increasing worldwide. T1D is well treated by insulin administration. However, there is currently no long-lasting cure for this ailment. The success rate of pancreatic islet transplantation to treat T1D is limited by the availability of patient-matched islets and the necessity of using life-long immunosuppressive medication. The difficulties caused by transplantation can be overcome by generating bio-engineered pancreatic islets from patient-derived progenitor cells. Aim of this thesis is to establish new strategies for the generation and analysis of pancreatic lineages derived from human progenitor cells. It reports on the optimization of a technique to form human pancreatic spheroids from hollow monolayered human pancreas organoids (hPOs) to investigate how cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction can be leveraged to induce endocrine differentiation of the pancreas progenitor cell organoids. We introduce cell aggregation protocols to generate endocrine pancreas cell lineages from ductal pancreatic cells. Next, we study the effect of co-culture with stromal and endothelial cells to promote cell differentiation toward a pancreatic fate enhancing β cells productivity. This thesis has focused on identifying the differences in gene expression along with phenotypical transformation during differentiation of human pancreatic organoids (hPOs) towards human β cells to be used in the future of cellular therapeutics in treating T1D patients.
The place of dabigatran in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation in the light of modern recommendations
Authors: Kropacheva E. S. , Panchenko E. P.
Published: August 2023

This review is devoted to the aspects of anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation in the light of the modern understanding of this type of arrhythmia as a polymorbid continuously developing syndrome. According to experts, the management strategy of this category of patients is based on an integrated assessment, including the risk of stroke, the presence of symptoms, assessment of structural heart disease and mandatory accounting of concomitant pathology. In this approach, the appointment of anticoagulant therapy as a prevention of stroke in a patient with atrial fibrillation is put in the first place. At the same time, experts emphasize the need for a dynamic reassessment of risks, as well as the use of a multidisciplinary team of specialists to make a complex decision. The review summarizes the basic concepts of the integrated approach, describes various variants of clinical scenarios, including aspects of anticoagulant maintenance of cardioversion and catheter ablation, multicomponent therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. A separate chapter is devoted to modern algorithms of perioperative management of a patient receiving oral anticoagulants, which is based on the stratification of interventions according to the risk of perioperative bleeding and the characteristics of the anticoagulant prescribed to the patient. The place of dabigatran in the primary and secondary prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation is described, studies that served as the basis of the evidence base for the use of dabigatran in patients with atrial fibrillation are presented. The data of register observations, meta-analyses devoted to the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of dabigatran in certain categories of patients (elderly patients, patients with chronic heart failure, diabetes mellitus) are presented, which form the basis of decision-making in real clinical practice.
Echo Construction and Ad hoc Categories: Semantics of Group Reference in Magahi
Authors:   Christ University, India, Kumar Chandan
Published: August 2023

Recent studies in the domain of heterogeneous plural indicate homogeneous and heterogeneous categories as two separate functional mechanisms. Given the strategic usage of language, the paper locates the pluralizing strategies in speech context and investigates their interpretive nature from the perspective of (non)/restrictive parametric features of categories like associative (APL), similative (SPL) and definite plural in Magahi (ISO639-2 mag), an Indo-Aryan language. Focusing on variables within members of the ad hoc set over the speech act variables like context, intersubjectivity, and culture, the paper endeavours to perceive pluralizing as a strategic approach that extends beyond the realm of mere a number reference. It closely observes the phenomenon of homogeneous and heterogeneous plurality and makes the following claims: (a) echo construction functions as heterogeneous plural in Magahi, (b) the heterogeneous plural falls within the parametric feature of nominal plurality, (c) there is heterogeneity in the homogeneous sets, thus, pluralizing is beyond plural, (d) SPL and APL are two categories because of their interpretational differences and not because of operational, and (e) APLs can have describable references.
Of Maternal Uncles and Mangalik Brides: Sakuni in the Folk Narrations of The Mahabharata
Authors:   BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, Sinha Seema , Bhattacharya Kumar Sankar , Nandigama Sailaja
Published: August 2023

The timelessness of The Mahabharata lies in its ability to re-invent itself, thereby giving the society a chance to re-negotiate, revise, and revive the discourse. It also gives the so-called ‘villains of the piece’, well established in the ‘rogues’ gallery’, a chance to redeem themselves. One such character is Sakuni, the ‘shrewd’ maternal uncle of the Kauravas, whose negative image in Vyasa’s textual universe is questioned by the folk renditions of the grand epic. The Oriya Mahabharata by Sarala Das views Sakuni not as the master conspirator who brought about the great war, but as a victim who suffered because of the court politics of the Kauravas. The strong popular culture that supports him is also evident in the narratives of the Kalbelias of Rajasthan, and in the folk renderings of the epic in Kerala. This makes us reflect as to why the meta-narrative has vilified Sakuni and treated him with contempt when the folk traditions view him in a more charitable light, or at least give him the benefit of doubt. This paper utilizes narrative research methods to understand the dehumanization of Sakuni in the dominant discourse. It employs the postmodern theories of psychoanalytical criticism and deconstruction in the study of the petite narratives associated with Sakuni to facilitate engagement, plurality, and divergence in the discourse. The paper attempts to read the chronicles of self, society, and social justice in these lesser-known narratives to liberate Sakuni from his filial debt and relocate him into the discursive universe.
The Motives and Behavior of Malaysian Chinese Using China’s Social Media
Authors:   Faculty of Creative Arts, University of Malaya (UM), 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Yu Haoyuan , Alizadeh Farideh
Published: August 2023

With the increasing number of overseas users of China’s social media (CSM), this study aimed to explore the motivation and behavior of Malaysian Chinese in using Chinese social media platforms. A questionnaire was done to 219 Malaysian Chinese, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis in SPSS. The results show that Malaysian Chinese use CSM with high frequency and duration. Their main motives are information, entertainment, and interpersonal interaction. The results indicated that entertainment motivation (?=0.448, p=0.000), information motivation (?=0.348, p=0.000), self-presentation motivation (?=0.142, p=0.047), and social motivation significantly (?=-0.249, p=0.000) affected the use of CSM among Malaysian Chinese, while business motivation did not. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the patterns of Malaysian Chinese usage of CSM and their motivations, which is crucial for marketers and advertisers trying to effectively target this group on social media platforms. Moreover, the findings of this study have important implications for cross-country communication and exchange within the same ethnic culture.
Explorando o poder da música: Como a musicoterapia pode ser um tratamento auxiliar eficaz para idosos com demência
Authors: Silva Victor Rocha Rodrigues da , Reis Jean Gonçalves , Carneiro Gabryella Tuczynski , Courradesqui Raphaela Giviziez de Abreu , Fontes Maria Eduarda de Souza , Fontes Ibérico Alves
Published: August 2023

Nos últimos tempos, ocorreu um aumento na quantidade total de pessoas idosas no Brasil, resultante do aumento da longevidade. Diante desse cenário, é necessário se atentar às diferentes doenças que acometem esse intervalo etário, com destaque às síndromes demenciais. A musicoterapia vem colaborando para a melhora da qualidade de vida de idosos institucionalizados. Ao ser combinada com a prática clínica, a musicoterapia melhora a eficácia do tratamento, contribuindo para aprimorar tanto a qualidade de vida quanto a saúde mental e física do indivíduo idoso. O objetivo deste artigo é esclarecer, através de uma revisão integrativa, as vantagens e a efetividade da musicoterapia junto ao tratamento clínico no manejo dos pacientes idosos que apresentam demência. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS). Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 10 artigos. Os resultados mostraram dois achados principais: melhora do estado cognitivo e redução dos sintomas depressivos. Após a avaliação destes estudos, notou-se que essa forma de intervenção permite um resgate da independência e uma maior interação entre os idosos moradores de asilos, promovendo, consequentemente, benefícios no que tange à saúde mental e física e, também, proporciona avanços a nível motor, cognitivo, resgatando as boas lembranças e anulando os sentimentos depressivos decorrentes da solidão.
Palavras-Chave: Musicoterapia; Idoso; Cognição.
Identification of Necroptosis-related Molecular Subtypes and
Construction of Necroptosis-related Gene Signature for Glioblastoma
Multiforme
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Jin Yinghui , Que Tianshi , Zhang Xi-An , Yi Guozhong , Zheng Haojie , Yuan Xi , Wang Xiaoyan , Xu Haiyan , Nan Jing , Chen Chao , Wu Yuankui , Huang Guanglong
Published: August 2023

Background:

Necroptosis is a highly regulated and genetically controlled process, and
therefore, attention has been paid to the exact effects of this disorder on a variety of diseases, including
cancer. An in-depth understanding of the key regulatory factors and molecular events that
trigger necroptosis can not only identify patients at risk of cancer development but can also help to
develop new treatment strategies.

Aims:

This study aimed to increase understanding of the complex role of necroptosis in glioblastoma
multiforme (GBM) and provide a new perspective and reference for accurate prediction of
clinical outcomes and gene-targeted therapy in patients with GBM. The objective of this study
was to analyze the gene expression profile of necroptosis regulatory factors in glioblastoma multiforme
(GBM) and establish a necroptosis regulatory factor-based GBM classification and prognostic
gene signature to recognize the multifaceted impact of necroptosis on GBM.

Methods:

The necroptosis score of the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) sample in TCGA was
calculated by ssGSEA, and the correlation between each gene and the necroptosis score was calculated.
Based on necroptosis score-related genes, unsupervised consensus clustering was employed
to classify patients. The prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), genomic changes, biological
signal pathways and gene expression differences among clusters were analyzed. The
gene signature of GBM was constructed by Cox and LASSO regression analysis of differentially
expressed genes (DEGs).

Result:

Based on 34 necroptosis score-related genes, GBM was divided into two clusters with
different overall survival (OS) and TME. A necroptosis-related gene signature (NRGS) containing
8 genes was developed, which could stratify the risk of GBM in both the training set and verification
set and had good prognostic value. NRGS and age were both independent prognostic indicators
of GBM, and a nomogram developed by the integration of both of them showed a better
predictive effect than traditional clinical features.

Conclusion:

In this study, patients from public data sets were divided into two clusters and the
unique TME and molecular characteristics of each cluster were described. Furthermore, an
NRGS was constructed to effectively and independently predict the survival outcome of GBM,
which provides some insights for the implementation of personalized precision medicine in clinical
practice.
Therapeutic Potential of Ascorbic Acid in the Management of Alzheimer's
Disease: An Update
Authors: Semwal Bhupesh Chander , Singh Bhoopendra , Murti Yogesh , Singh Sonia
Published: August 2023

Background:

Ascorbic acid is a potent natural antioxidant that protects against
oxidative stress and performs various bodily functions. It is commonly found in fruits and
vegetables.

Objective:

The manuscript has been written to provide valuable insights into ascorbic acid in
managing Alzheimer's disease.

Methods:

The data has been gathered from web sources, including PubMed, Science Direct,
Publons, Web of Science, and Scopus from 2000-2022 using AA, ascorbic acid, Alzheimer’s diseases, memory, dementia, and antioxidant Keywords.

Results:

In the present manuscript, we have summarized the impact of ascorbic acid and its possible mechanism in Alzheimer's disease by, outlining the information currently available on the
behavioral and biochemical effects of ascorbic acid in animal models of Alzheimer's disease as
well as its usage as a therapeutic agent to slow down the progression of Alzheimer disease in human beings. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the advancement of AD. AA is a wellknown antioxidant that primarily reduces oxidative stress and produces protein aggregates, which
may help decrease cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. The current paper analyses of ascorbic acid revealed that deficiency of ascorbic acid adversely affects the central nervous system and
leads to cognitive defects. However, the results of clinical studies are conflicting, but some of the
studies suggested that supplementation of ascorbic acid improved cognitive deficits and decreased
disease progression.

Conclusion:

Based on clinical and preclinical studies, it is observed that ascorbic acid supplementation improves cognitive deficits and protects the neurons from oxidative stress injury
Amyloid-β-Induced Transglutaminase 2 Expression and Activities are
Modulated by 2-Pentadecyl-2-Oxazoline in Mouse and Human Microglial
Cell Lines
Authors: Parente Andrea , Giacca Rosa , Arena Roberta , Rullo Ilenia , Guida Francesca , Maione Sabatino , Gentile Vittorio
Published: August 2023

Background:

Transglutaminase 2 is a ubiquitous multifunctional enzyme and the best studied of the transglutaminase family. Consistent with its role in promoting post-translational modifications of proteins, Transglutaminase 2 is involved in many physiological processes such as apoptosis, signal transduction, and cellular adhesion. Several findings indicate that Transglutaminase 2 plays a role in the pathological processes of various inflammation-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective:

We tested the potential modulatory effects on amyloid-β–induced Transglutaminase 2 expression and activities of 2-pentadecyl-2-oxazoline, a plant-derived agent, which has shown effectiveness against chronic pain and associated neuropsychiatric disorders, both in mouse and human microglial cell lines.
Methods: We used biochemistry, molecular and cell biology techniques to evaluate the potential modulatory effects on amyloid-β – induced Transglutaminase 2 expression and activities of 2- pentadecyl-2-oxazoline in mouse and human microglial cell lines.

Results:

2-pentadecyl-2-oxazoline was able to modulate amyloid-β–induced Transglutaminase 2 expression and activities in mouse and human microglial cell lines.

Conclusion:

Transglutaminase 2 confirms its role as a neuroinflammation marker, the inhibition of which could be a potential preventive and therapeutic approach, while 2-pentadecyl-2-oxazoline is a potent modulator of the amyloid-β–induced Transglutaminase 2 expression and activities in mouse and human microglial cell lines.
Rare and First Manifestation of Lupus Panniculitis as Lupus Mastitis: A Case
Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yong Guo Chong , Chen Li , Sun Lin , Shan Yang Xiao , Mao Ruiqi , Cheng Li Bo , Jun Li Xin , Zhou Ling
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

This case report presents a rare occurrence of lupus mastitis affecting the breast.

Case Presentation:

An induration with mild discomfort was detected in the upper inner quadrant of the right breast of a 27-year-old Chinese woman with regular menstrual cycles. The patient is currently unmarried and has no previous history of full-term pregnancies or lactation. An ill-defined, subcutaneous, hyperechoic lesion with no calcification was visualized on breast ultrasound. Peripheral and internal blood flow signals demonstrated high intensity. Pathological analysis of a breast needle biopsy revealed fat lobule necrosis accompanied by mixed lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic aggregates.

Conclusion:

The diagnosis of lupus mastitis necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's medical history, serological testing, imaging studies, and histopathological analysis.
Criticism of the HAS Opinion of July 21st, 2022, on Maintaining of the
SARS-Cov-2 Vaccine Mandate for Healthcare Workers
Authors: Sainton Jérôme
Published: August 2023

The opinion of the French National Authority for Health (HAS) on July 21st, 2022, concluded
that the mechanism of the SARS-Cov-2 vaccine mandate for caregivers and other health professionals
should be maintained. Constructed as a syllogism, the opinion states that the benefit-risk balance of a
three-dose vaccination schedule to limit transmission is favorable (major premise) and that this balance
necessarily determines the mechanism of SARS-Cov-2 vaccine mandate (minor premise) so that it should
be maintained (conclusion). Each of these steps is flawed. First, the benefit-risk analysis of a three-dose
vaccination schedule is many times distorted: it fails to transpose the relative efficacy of the vaccination
in terms of absolute efficacy; it fails to take into account both the particularly poor efficacy of the vaccination
against the risk of infection (symptomatic or not) and its decrease, or even negativation, over
time, as well as the worsening of the vaccine escape with the latest Omicron sub-lineages; it does not
assess the risk associated with the mechanism, particularly with regard to COVID convalescents and
pregnant women. Secondly, the inference made from this analysis to the specific mechanism of mandatory
vaccination of caregivers is distorted. There is no refocusing on the specific population of caregivers,
and the real and concrete benefit of the mechanism itself is not measured. Thirdly, the very construction
of the reasoning is distorted. By reducing a medical problem to the calibration of a strictly technical benefit-
risk balance, it evades the intrinsic practical and ethical dimensions of the issue.
The Concept of Epigenetics in Cancer
Authors: Sawarkar Gaurav Rajendra , Sawarkar Punam
Published: August 2023

Epigenetics is the term that comes before genetics. DNA is not able to
determine the characteristics of a human being. The genotype corresponds to Prakriti
by birth, and the phenotype corresponds to the psychophysiological constitution of
Prakrit. The features and properties of RNA represent the Tridosha at the cellular level,
which can be identified under the heading of mRNA, tRNA, and protein. There are four
significant factors, i.e., lifestyle and behavior, diet and digestion, stress, and
environmental factors responsible for changes in the phenotype that led to changes in
the genotypic expressions without changing the basic structure of DNA.
Nowadays, changing lifestyles, food habits, stress factors, uncontrolled pesticides used
in the agricultural field, global warming, and undue environmental changes lead to
epigenetic changes in humans. Ayurveda addresses solutions to the affecting factors by
adopting the basic principles of Ayurveda, including daily routine, behavior, diet plan,
exercise, meditation, medications, purification therapies, etc. The integration of the
Indian system and the current medical system facilitates optimum health and stability
for humanity. Further research on modalities, drugs, formulations, and herbs explained
in Ayurveda for affective gene expression is needed to fulfill various cancers' desired
management.
Distribución, plantas hospederas y ácaros vectores del virus de la leprosis de los cítricos en Colombia
Authors: Leon Martinez Guillermo Adolfo , Campos Pinzón Juan Carlos , Guevara Yudy Alejandra , Roy Avijit
Published: August 2023

Uno de los mayores limitantes para la producción agrícola mundial es la presencia de plagas y enfermedades que afectan los cultivos y que influyen en su sanidad, disminuyen su rendimiento y obligan, en la mayoría de los casos, a realizar medidas de control, lo cual aumenta los costos de producción. La leprosis de los cítricos se cataloga, tal vez, como la enfermedad cuarentenaria más importante en el mundo para este cultivo; es causada por varias especies de virus y puede ser transmitida por ácaros del género Brevipalpus. Ambos agentes están presentes en Colombia y en la mayoría de países desde México, Centroamérica, islas del Caribe y Sudamérica, pero ausente en Norteamérica, Europa, África y Asia. De ahí su importancia como enfermedad cuarentenaria. La presente obra es el resultado de largos años de investigación cooperativa entre la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA) y el Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos (USDA). Incluye aspectos como colecta de muestras en diferentes regiones del país y varias especies de plantas, diferentes a cítricos, lo cual permitió afirmar y documentar la amplia distribución de la enfermedad en el territorio colombiano y, además, la detección por medios moleculares de la presencia del virus en diferentes especies de plantas que aún no habían sido reportadas en el mundo. Por consiguiente, estos resultados son un gran aporte para el conocimiento de la enfermedad, su distribución en el país, sus plantas hospederas alternas y su relación con los ácaros transmisores. La obra aporta el conocimiento y los factores fundamentales antes desconocidos que deben ser tenidos en cuenta para la detección, el control legal y el manejo de la enfermedad en el país.
Linking Opinions Shared on Social Media About COVID-19 Public Health Measures to Adherence: Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys of Twitter Use in Canada (Preprint)
Authors: Denis-Robichaud José , Rees Erin E , Daley Patrick , Zarowsky Christina , Diouf Assane , Nasri Bouchra R , de Montigny Simon , Carabin Hélène
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

The effectiveness of public health measures (PHMs) depends on population adherence. Social media were suggested as a tool to assess adherence, but representativeness and accuracy issues have been raised.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this repeated cross-sectional study were to compare self-reported PHM adherence and sociodemographic characteristics between people who used Twitter (subsequently rebranded X) and people who did not use Twitter.

METHODS

Repeated Canada-wide web-based surveys were conducted every 14 days from September 2020 to March 2022. Weighted proportions were calculated for descriptive variables. Using Bayesian logistic regression models, we investigated associations between Twitter use, as well as opinions in tweets, and self-reported adherence with mask wearing and vaccination.

RESULTS

Data from 40,230 respondents were analyzed. As self-reported, Twitter was used by 20.6% (95% CI 20.1%-21.2%) of Canadians, of whom 29.9% (95% CI 28.6%-31.3%) tweeted about COVID-19. The sociodemographic characteristics differed across categories of Twitter use and opinions. Overall, 11% (95% CI 10.6%-11.3%) of Canadians reported poor adherence to mask-wearing, and 10.8% (95% CI 10.4%-11.2%) to vaccination. Twitter users who tweeted about COVID-19 reported poorer adherence to mask wearing than nonusers, which was modified by the age of the respondents and their geographical region (odds ratio [OR] 0.79, 95% Bayesian credibility interval [BCI] 0.18-1.69 to OR 4.83, 95% BCI 3.13-6.86). The odds of poor adherence to vaccination of Twitter users who tweeted about COVID-19 were greater than those of nonusers (OR 1.76, 95% BCI 1.48-2.07). English- and French-speaking Twitter users who tweeted critically of PHMs were more likely (OR 4.07, 95% BCI 3.38-4.80 and OR 7.31, 95% BCI 4.26-11.03, respectively) to report poor adherence to mask wearing than non–Twitter users, and those who tweeted in support were less likely (OR 0.47, 95% BCI 0.31-0.64 and OR 0.96, 95% BCI 0.18-2.33, respectively) to report poor adherence to mask wearing than non–Twitter users. The OR of poor adherence to vaccination for those tweeting critically about PHMs and for those tweeting in support of PHMs were 4.10 (95% BCI 3.40-4.85) and 0.20 (95% BCI 0.10-0.32), respectively, compared to non–Twitter users.

CONCLUSIONS

Opinions shared on Twitter can be useful to public health authorities, as they are associated with adherence to PHMs. However, the sociodemographics of social media users do not represent the general population, calling for caution when using tweets to assess general population-level behaviors.
Enhancing Orthopedic Surgery Residency Training with ChatGPT: A Promising Educational Tool for Quality Patient Care (Preprint)
Authors: Khabiri Seyyed Saeed , Kalantar Seyed Hadi , Saberi Sadegh , Bagheri Nima , Mortazavi Seyyed Mohammad Javad , Milan Nesa
Published: August 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

On November 20, 2022, an AI company introduced ChatGPT, a technological breakthrough with significant potential for public use. In this article, we will explore the role of ChatGPT in residency training and how it can benefit medical professionals in their pursuit of delivering quality patient care. By integrating ChatGPT into residency training programs, medical professionals can enhance their knowledge and practical skills, communication skills, empathy, and cultural competence. These are essential qualities for providing quality patient care and ensuring positive outcomes. To fully harness the capabilities of ChatGPT, medical professionals must acquire a profound understanding of the tool and its workings to prevent bias or errors resulting from improper usage.
Nevertheless, it is essential to acknowledge that using ChatGPT raises ethical and performance concerns that must be addressed. Establishing professional ethics, user responsibility and transparency in the work routine is crucial to mitigate potential issues. In conclusion, ChatGPT presents a significant opportunity for residency education to enhance their skills and abilities. By integrating it into residency training programs and adopting a responsible approach, we can harness the potential of ChatGPT to provide better patient care and ultimately improve the healthcare system.
The Effects of Innovation, IT Advancement, GDP, and Inflation on Unemployment in OIC Countries 2013-2021
Authors: Rizka  , Wau Taosige
Published: August 2023

Unemployment still becomes a major developmental challenge in some OIC member countries. Thus, employment determinants in those countries need to be investigated through empirical research. This study analyzes the influences of inflation, GDP, IT advancement, and innovation on unemployment in some OIC member countries. We use the purposive sampling method with criteria of countries with the past decade's average unemployment rate lower than 6%. We employ panel data from 20 countries fulfilling the requirements in 2013-2021. The panel data regression method with a fixed effect approach is used to analyze the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results indicate that inflation and GDP significantly and negatively affect unemployment. On the other hand, innovation and ICT advancement have a negative but insignificant effect on the dependent variable. Regarding the results, we believe it is essential for the government as a policymaker to arrange appropriate regulations allowing industries to enhance their productivity to enlarge job opportunities and alleviate unemployment.
Determining Leading Industries in Optimizing Downstream Potential of North Sumatra Province: an Input-Output Approach
Authors: Arianggi Suryaatmaja Nur Azizah , Ramadhan Jamil Iqram , Sintia Putri Ananda
Published: August 2023

The economic condition of North Sumatra province due to the COVID-19 pandemic has weakened, especially on the supply side, by a negative growth rate in the productivity of the business sector. Industrial downstream could boost economic recovery and inclusive development by creating solid domestic relations with supporting regional industries and increasing high-value-added exports. This study aims to identify priority sectors and analyze the impact of these priority sectors on the manufacturing industry in North Sumatra based on linkage analysis using data during the economic recovery. The data from the I-O table of North Sumatra province in 2016 was sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and covered 50 economic sectors. In addition, this study also used data on the GRDP of North Sumatra in 2021. This study applied the RAS Method to determine the value of the technical coefficient matrix of the input-output table in 2021. Then, this study also calculated the value of forward and backward linkages, output multiplier, value-added multiplier, and inoperability. The results revealed three priority sectors in North Sumatra, the Food and Beverage industry; the Base Metal industry; and the Paper and Paper Goods industry, Printing and Reproduction of Recording Media. The study recommends that the government encourage the acceleration of infrastructure by providing financial and policy support to these leading sectors and facilitating distribution channels so that industrial downstream runs optimally to the overall economy.
Future Doctors From Underrepresented in Medicine Communities at the University of Utah
Authors: Cariello Paloma F. , Figueroa Edgar , Harris Christopher M. , Eldridge Donna R. , Hooten Melanie , Cuevas Guillermo E. , Jones Jessica L. , Hightower Maia , Campbell Kendall M. , Martineau Mike , Rodríguez José E. , Oquendo Luis A.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Future Doctors (FD), a high school pathway program, was developed to address the lack of compositional diversity in the health professions at our health sciences campus.
Methods: We obtained, analyzed, and compared data on FD student demographic and educational achievement at undergraduate and graduate programs at the University of Utah and graduate programs at other institutions to non-FD students. We followed students from high school to graduate school.
Results: We analyzed data from 1,897 FD participants (2014–2019). FD participants were 71% women, with 50.3% identifying as students of color. Ninety-eight students matriculated in graduate school, with 75 (76%) remaining at University of Utah and 45 (46%) attending health sciences graduate programs.
Conclusions: FD student cohorts are more diverse than those in the University of Utah undergraduate and graduate programs, contributing to the diversity of those programs. More research is needed to ensure that graduate school gains are evidenced in all underrepresented groups.
The quality of medicines for the prevention and management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review
Authors: Maharjan Pooja , Ponganam Meghna Prasannan , Lambert Peter , Vogel Joshua P , McIntosh Michelle , McDougall Annie
Published: August 2023

Background There is evidence to suggest that many medicines
commonly used for pregnant women for the management of hypertensive
disorders of pregnancy are poor quality. Objective To review
the available studies systematically reporting medicine quality,
routinely used in the prevention and management of hypertensive
disorders of pregnancy. Search strategy We searched five
electronic databases- Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ProQuest and
Cochrane Library, without year or language limitations.
Selection criteria Studies reporting on quality parameters of
nine medicines - magnesium sulphate, aspirin, calcium supplements,
amlodipine, nifedipine, methyldopa, enalapril, hydralazine and
labetalol, using any valid laboratory methods. Data collection
and analysis Two reviewers independently screened the studies,
extracted data and assessed the quality. Results were reported
narratively by type of medicine. Main results Of 5669 citations
screened, 33 studies from 27 countries were included. Five quality
studies on magnesium sulphate- two (Nigeria and USA) found substandard
medicine due to failing API specification and contaminants,
respectively. Another study from Nigeria and a multi-country study (10
lower-middle- and low-income countries) found poor-quality due to
failing the pH criteria. Seven of eight studies evaluating aspirin found
quality issues, including degraded medicines in five studies (Brazil,
USA, Yugoslavia and Pakistan). Five studies of calcium supplements found
quality issues, particularly heavy metal contamination. Of 15
antihypertensives quality studies, 12 found substandard medicines and
one study identified counterfeit medicines. Conclusion We
identified multiple findings of poor quality across all types of
medicines used in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, raising concerns
regarding their safety and effectiveness.