bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does formal authority still matter in the age of wisdom of crowds?: Perceived credibility, peer and professor endorsement in relation to college students' wikipedia use for academic purposes
Authors: Lim Sook
Published: May 2014

This study explores whether or not formal authority still matters for college students using Wikipedia by examining the variables of individual perceived credibility, peer endorsement and professor endorsement in relation to students' academic use of Wikipedia. A web survey was used to collected data in fall 2011. A total of 142 students participated in the study, of which a total of 123 surveys were useable for this study. The findings show that the more professors approved of Wikipedia, the more students used it for academic purposes. In addition, the more students perceived Wikipedia as credible, the more they used it for academic purposes. The results indicate that formal authority still influences students' use of user‐generated content (UGC) in their formal domain, academic work. The results can be applicable to other UGC, which calls attention to educators' active intervention to appropriate academic use of UGC. Professors' guidelines for UGC would benefit students.
The impact of source credibility on young adults' Health information activities on facebook: Preliminary findings
Authors: Syn Sue Yeon , Kim Sung Un
Published: May 2014

Within the context of SNSs, particularly Facebook, this study aims to understand how young adults perceive the credibility of various information sources, how their information activities differ by those information sources, and how young adults' perception of credibility impacts their information activities. The results of an online survey demonstrated that young adults consider medical/health organizations and government agencies the most credible and friends the least credible for health issues. As for information activities, although young adults' intents to read postings were significantly greater than those to post questions or answers, intents of information activities were generally lower than neutral. Nevertheless, it was found that the more young adults trust information sources, the more likely they are to be involved in information activities. The results showed the potential of Facebook as a good information channel, especially for health professionals and governmental organizations.
The sonzogno digital library project
Authors: Oh Sanghee , Choi Wonchan , Valisa Silvia
Published: May 2014

This poster reports on a work‐in progress project of building a digital library for metadata records of books published by Sonzogno between 1800 and 1943. Metadata records from seven major libraries that have Sonzogno collections were harvested and used for building a unified collection for this project. Omeka, open‐source software for building digital libraries, was used to host, manage, and provide the public with access to the collection. Currently, a sample set of the metadata of books published in 1885 is available from the digital library (http://sonzogno.cci.fsu.edu/). This poster reports on the current status of the project, explaining the process and challenges associated with building a digital library of the metadata collection (metadata harvesting and crosswalk) using Omeka.
Pioneers in Uncharted Territory: VINITI and the communist influence on the U.S. scientific and technical information system
Authors: Trembach Stan
Published: May 2014

Given that the rise of the Internet has greatly intensified information management problems in contemporary society, the historical perspective, or looking at the roots, is viewed by many as an indispensable component of the quest for practical solutions to information overload. This historical comparative study intends to narrow the gap in the existing knowledge about the impact of the Soviet military‐industrial complex on the rise of the scientific and technical information management system in the mid‐20th century United States, particularly in such agencies as the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). Along with a chronological analysis of primary and secondary documents, data are being collected via a series of interviews with prominent experts in the field whose research has revolved around both VINITI and the formative years of the U.S. scientific and technical information domain. Conclusions regarding the NSF and NTIS reactions to the Soviet developments are being made based on such indicators as organizational changes, budget allocations, and manpower changes.
Use of mobile wellness applications and perception of quality
Authors: Choi Wonchan , Stvilia Besiki
Published: May 2014

This work‐in‐progress methodology poster introduces a research project which aims to investigate college students' use of mobile wellness applications and their perceptions of application quality and usefulness. The poster outlines the overall design of the project and reports on some of the preliminary findings from the first phase of the study. In particular, the poster discusses the findings of the content analysis of 250 consumer reviews on five top‐tiered mobile applications for running sampled from Google Play. The analysis showed that the users greatly valued the accuracy of measurements, as well as the reliability and simplicity of the mobile applications.
Exploring evaluative methods for large‐scale local history
Authors: Fenlon Katrina
Published: May 2014

Local history is a topic of proven interest to library users. Digital cultural heritage collections and aggregations offer an ever‐growing wealth of digitized, primary source materials to support local history research. Yet methods for strategic development and evaluation of local history collections and aggregations remain sparse. In this paper we present a multimodal pilot study to explore methods for evaluating local history coverage in digital collections and aggregations. We explore the possibility of employing automatic classification to identify items and collections relevant to local history, and conduct an exploratory metadata analysis to discern features of collections that contribute to their usefulness for local history research.
Telepresence robots for academics
Authors: Herring Susan C.
Published: May 2014

Telepresence robotics is a sophisticated form of robotic remote control in which a human operator has a sense of being on location – that is, of being telepresent. I propose a demonstration of two telepresence robots, one floor model (VGo) and one tabletop model (KUBI). In this proposal, I describe the technology and briefly summarize the research that led to the purchase of the robots. The research focused on the telepresence needs of a mobility‐impaired academic and included a user study as well as a review of the affordances of commercially‐available telepresence robotic devices. The implications extend beyond uses of telepresence robots in cases of mobility impairment to academic contexts in general.
“When i've packed it in and they send me something …”: Information boundaries in professional home offices
Authors: Thomson Leslie
Published: May 2014

Home offices are fused living and working spaces that lie at the intersection of the personal and the professional, blurring traditional divisions between these two domains. This poster reapproaches findings from a previous Masters thesis (Thomson, 2010)—which investigated information management in professional home offices—with an aim to highlight ways in which home office users negotiate and maintain ‘information boundaries’ in their hybrid, often unbounded, environments. Data was ethnographically gathered from four professional home offices via tours, interviews, and observation. Analysis suggests that professional home office users are far from passive subjects in their spaces, continuously answerable to all imaginable demands, needs, and whims arising in both their domestic and vocational lives. Rather, they constantly make decisions about the permeability of their spaces and often actively (even if not consciously) preside over ‘information boundaries,’ choosing where (with a physical boundary), when (with a temporal boundary), and why (with a psychological boundary) to integrate or separate the personal and the professional. This poster contributes an in‐depth portrait of how four individuals deliberately design their unique environments and, in so doing, influence what information interactions they do and do not have.
Learning by game design: Exploring its potential in undergraduate information literacy instruction
Authors: Ramnarine‐Rieks Angela
Published: May 2014

This study explores the use of game design and its impact on content learning, understanding and retention of knowledge, in information literacy classes. Information literacy (IL) concept is considered critical in a growing number of social and academic contexts. Despite the importance of IL many learners still have little idea how to evaluate information for relevance, accuracy or authority and are generally uncritical about messages offered to them through online media. The discourse on the use of games as a platform for library orientations and instruction is increasingly addressed in the current practitioner oriented literature. However, very few learning programs offer the design component. This quasi‐experimental study uses a pre‐test/post‐test design. The sample is a non‐probability convenience sample of undergraduate students. Findings show that students were able to design functional games using various game design characteristics. This study has the potential of creating new knowledge about the incorporation of learning by game design specific to higher education and libraries.
Surfactant‐Free Miniemulsion Polymerization of a Bio‐Based Oleic Acid Derivative Monomer
Authors: Moreno Mónica , Goikoetxea Monika , Barandiaran María Jesús
Published: May 2014

Surfactant‐free bio‐based latexes are synthesized by generating miniemulsions via in situ surfactant formation while using as a precursor a component that is already available after the synthesis of the monomer. In this work, the oleic acid (OA) remaining after the synthesis of the OA derivative 2‐hydroxy‐3‐(methacryloxy)propyl oleate (MOA) monomer is used to generate in situ surfactants. The conditions to achieve stable miniemulsions are evaluated and the resultant systems are successfully polymerized. These environmentally friendly polymeric materials provide transparent and glossy films.
Self‐navigated isotropic three‐dimensional cardiac T2 mapping
Authors: van Heeswijk Ruud B. , Piccini Davide , Feliciano Hélène , Hullin Roger , Schwitter Juerg , Stuber Matthias
Published: May 2014

Purpose

To implement and characterize an isotropic three‐dimensional cardiac T2 mapping technique.

Methods

A self‐navigated three‐dimensional radial segmented balanced steady‐state free precession pulse sequence with an isotropic 1.7‐mm spatial resolution was implemented at 3T with a variable T2 preparation module. Bloch equation and Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the influence of the heart rate, B1 inhomogeneity and noise on the T2 fitting accuracy. In a phantom study, the accuracy of the pulse sequence was studied through comparison with a gold‐standard spin‐echo T2 mapping method. The robustness and homogeneity of the technique were ascertained in a study of 10 healthy adult human volunteers, while first results obtained in patients are reported.

Results

The numerical simulations demonstrated that the heart rate and B1 inhomogeneity cause only minor deviations in the T2 fitting, whereas the phantom study showed good agreement of the technique with the gold standard. The volunteer study demonstrated an average myocardial T2 of 40.5 ± 3.3 ms and a <15% T2 gradient in the base‐apex and anterior‐inferior direction. In three patients, elevated T2 values were measured in regions with expected edema.

Conclusion

This respiratory self‐navigated isotropic three‐dimensional technique allows for accurate and robust in vitro and in vivo T2 quantification. Magn Reson Med 73:1549–1554, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of nano‐calcium carbonate from shells of the freshwater channeled applesnail, Pomacea canaliculata, by hydrothermal treatment and its application with polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Rungpin Nittima , Pavasupree Sorapong , Prasassarakich Pattarapan , Poompradub Sirilux
Published: May 2014

The use of naturally renewable shells of the freshwater channeled applesnail, Pomacea canaliculata, as a filler to replace commercial calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was investigated in this study. Ground P. canaliculata shell particles were converted to nano‐CaCO3 particles by the displacement reaction of calcium chloride in sodium carbonate solution followed by hydrothermal treatment at 100°C for 1 h to synthesize nano‐CaCO3 with particle sizes of 30–100 nm in diameter. The mechanical properties, in terms of the tensile strength, elongation at brake and impact strength, of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were greatly improved by mixing with nano‐CaCO3 at 5–10 parts per hundred of resin. Additionally, the presence of nano‐CaCO3 at the same levels increased the flame resistance and thermal stability of the PVC composite materials. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1620–1628, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Increased Levetiracetam Clearance Associated with a Breakthrough Seizure in a Pregnant Patient Receiving Once/Day Extended‐Release Levetiracetam
Authors: Garrity Lisa C. , Turner Michele , Standridge Shannon M.
Published: May 2014

The use of levetiracetam for the treatment of epilepsy in women of childbearing age has increased as more evidence of teratogenicity of other broad‐spectrum antiepileptic medications becomes available. Levetiracetam appears to be associated with a low incidence of major congenital malformations based on data from pregnancy registries. Major pregnancy‐related changes in the pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam have been described in several case series, demonstrating a role for careful therapeutic drug monitoring of levetiracetam in pregnant patients. Extended‐release levetiracetam provides a way to improve medication adherence in adults with epilepsy by allowing once/day dosing and may be considered for use in pregnancy to minimize the fluctuation of levetiracetam levels throughout the day, thus potentially minimizing dose‐related adverse effects. In this case report, we describe a 16‐year‐old, compliant, pregnant patient who experienced subtherapeutic levetiracetam blood concentrations that occurred with use of extended‐release levetiracetam. She experienced a breakthrough seizure with once/day dosing during her third trimester with low subsequent trough levels despite multiple dose increases. After changing to twice/day dosing of extended‐release levetiracetam at delivery, the patient experienced no seizures and delivered a healthy infant without complications. This is the first case report, to our knowledge, to describe seizure breakthrough during pregnancy with an extended‐release formulation of an antiepileptic medication. Pharmacokinetic changes associated with pregnancy may increase apparent clearance of extended‐release formulations of levetiracetam, leading to periods of subtherapeutic blood or central nervous system concentrations. These changes support the important role of therapeutic monitoring of levetiracetam plasma concentrations to help maintain seizure control in women with epilepsy during pregnancy.
A ‘Recipe for Depopulation’? School Closures and Local Population Decline in Saxony
Authors: Barakat Bilal
Published: May 2014

A popular notion asserts that closing the last primary school marks a community's demographic death. No young parents will remain, much less new ones move in. This notion is frequently voiced but rarely verified. Are school closures a cause or consequence of local decline? This study reviews existing research on school locations and peripheral population decline to show that expectations of a dramatic impact of school closures on out‐migration are theoretically ill‐founded. I proceed to discuss specific methodological challenges in the empirical analysis of this relationship, and conduct a statistical analysis for the province of Saxony in East Germany for the period 1994–2007. In contrast to the prevailing discourse, there is little evidence of an appreciable effect of primary school closures on local population decline. This negative finding is discussed in light of local contextual factors and general insights from population geography. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of deposition parameters on ZnO and ZnO:Al thin films
Authors: Duygulu Nilufer Evcimen , Kodolbas Alp Osman , Ekerim Ahmet
Published: May 2014

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and 2% aluminium doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) thin films were deposited on glass by using r.f. magnetron sputtering without intentional heating. The r.f. power was varied in the range of 150 W to 175 W and process gas (argon) pressure was changed from 0.20 Pa to 0.60 Pa in small variation ranges to identify the influence of sputtering parameters. Achieved results were analysed with the help of XRD, AFM, SEM, HRTEM, four point probe, optical transmittance measurement techniques. According to the results, 165 W was selected as optimum r.f. power value, while 0.20 Pa for ZnO and 0.30 Pa for ZnO:Al thin films were determined as argon gas pressure values. All the thin films were oriented with the crystallographic c‐(002) axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. Moreover, at this deposition values; the resistivity was measured as around 10‐3Ω.cm, while the deposition rate showed variations. The optical transmittance of ZnO:Al was obtained (85%) higher than ZnO (75%) thin film. The optical band gap was changed from 3.45 eV to 4.2 eV. Surface roughness (RMS) values were obtained as 5.44 nm for ZnO and as 2.36 nm for ZnO:Al. (© WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Changes in 5‐hydroxytryptamine and Cortisol Plasma Levels in Menopausal Women After Inhalation of Clary Sage Oil
Authors: Lee Kyung‐Bok , Cho Eun , Kang Young‐Sook
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the antidepressant‐like effects of clary sage oil on human beings by comparing the neurotransmitter level change in plasma. The voluntary participants were 22 menopausal women in 50's. Subjects were classified into normal and depression tendency groups using each of Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory‐I (KBDI‐I), KBDI‐II, and Korean version of Self‐rating Depression Scale. Then, the changes in neurotransmitter concentrations were compared between two groups. After inhalation of clary sage oil, cortisol levels were significantly decreased while 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) concentration was significantly increased. Thyroid stimulating hormone was also reduced in all groups but not statistically significantly. The different change rate of 5‐HT concentration between normal and depression tendency groups was variable according to the depression measurement inventory. When using KBDI‐I and KBDI‐II, 5‐HT increased by 341% and 828% for the normal group and 484% and 257% for the depression tendency group, respectively. The change rate of cortisol was greater in depression tendency groups compared with normal groups, and this difference was statistically significant when using KBDI‐II (31% vs. 16% reduction) and Self‐rating Depression Scale inventory (36% vs. 8.3% reduction). Among three inventories, only KBDI‐II differentiated normal and depression tendency groups with significantly different cortisol level. Finally, clary sage oil has antidepressant‐like effect, and KBDI‐II inventory may be the most sensitive and valid tool in screening for depression status or severity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurologic disease in HIV‐infected children and the impact of combination antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Crowell Claudia S. , Malee Kathleen M. , Yogev Ram , Muller William J.
Published: May 2014

The prevalence of HIV‐associated neurocognitive impairment in perinatally HIV‐infected children has declined since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Early initiation of cART in infancy has been shown to positively impact neurodevelopment; however, children continue to be diagnosed with HIV outside of the early infancy period and can experience subtle to severe neurocognitive deficits despite cART. The causes of these neurocognitive deficits despite effective cART are multifactorial and likely include continued viral replication in the CNS, ongoing neuroinflammation, irreversible CNS injury prior to cART initiation, neurotoxic effects of cART, and socioeconomic and psychosocial effects. Many aspects of our understanding of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders have emerged from research in adult patients, but perinatally HIV‐infected children represent a very different population. These children were exposed to HIV during a period of rapid brain development and have lifelong infection and potential lifelong cART exposure. HIV is no longer a rapidly fatal disease, and most HIV‐infected children in resource‐rich countries are living into adulthood. It is therefore critical to optimize neurocognitive outcomes of these youth. This review summarizes current understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV‐associated CNS infection and the impact of cART on neurocognitive function in children and adolescents and discusses important areas for future research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of endogenous type I IFN signaling contributes to persistent HCV infection
Authors: Li Yujia , Li Shilin , Duan Xiaoqiong , Liu Bing , Yang Chunhui , Zeng Peibin , McGilvray Ian , Chen Limin
Published: May 2014

HCV infection is a major world health problem, leading to both end‐stage liver disease and primary liver cancer. Great efforts have been made in developing new therapies for HCV infection; however, combination therapy with pegylated IFN‐α and ribavirin (pegIFN‐RBV) remains the first choice of treatment for chronic HCV infection in most countries. The treatment response to pegIFN‐RBV remains relatively low. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of persistent HCV infection and pegIFN‐RBV resistance will suggest ways of improving the current standard of care and offers new antiviral therapies for both HCV and other viral infections. Recent data suggest that increased expression of hepatic IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs) before treatment is associated with treatment nonresponse in patients chronically infected with HCV. Although ISGs are generally antiviral in nature, in the case of HCV, the virus may exploit some of them to its benefit. This is not unique to HCV: Blockade of type I IFN signaling has been shown to control persistent LCMV infection. Thus, in certain viral infections, preactivation or overactivation of type I IFN signaling may contribute to viral persistence. In this review, we briefly summarize the findings from high‐throughput gene expression profiling from patients chronically infected with HCV, then focus on a novel ubiquitin‐like signaling pathway (ISG15/USP18) and its potential role in HCV persistence. Finally, the role of activation of endogenous type I IFN signaling in persistent HCV infection will be discussed in the context of recent studies indicating that blocking IFN signaling controls persistent LCMV infection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quasi‐simultaneous acquisition of nine secondary ions with seven detectors on NanoSIMS50L: application to biological samples
Authors: Guillermier Christelle , Steinhauser Matthew L. , Lechene Claude P.
Published: May 2014

We employed a method of electrostatic peak switching allowing for the quasi‐simultaneous measurement of 16O, 18O, C2H, C2D, 12C14N, 13C14N, 12C15N, P, and S with the NanoSIMS 50L instrument to derive ratios for D/H, 13C/12C, 18O/16O, and 15N/14N from biological samples. This approach involves two steps: (i) derivation of the D/H ratio from measurements of C2D and C2H and (ii) switching of the voltage on deflection plates located in front of two detectors. The method is reliable and easy to set up compared with the magnetic peak‐switching mode usually used to perform this type of analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of the Effect of Steel Flow Velocity on Slag Droplet Distribution and Interfacial Area Between Steel and Slag
Authors: Sulasalmi Petri , Visuri Ville‐Valtteri , Kärnä Aki , Fabritius Timo
Published: May 2014

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been carried out to study interfacial velocity and its effect on slag emulsification at the steel–slag interface. The multiphase volume of fluid (VOF) method was used to track the interface between slag and steel and a user defined function (UDF) was applied to calculate the interfacial velocity and to track separate droplets. Slag entrainment based on composition adjustment by sealed argon bubbling‐oxygen blowing (CAS‐OB) process was simulated using different inlet velocities of steel. The main objective of the present work was to study how steel flow velocity effects droplet distributions. Continuous Rosin–Rammler–Sperling (RRS) distribution function was fitted to computational results in order to provide a quantitative description of the droplet size distribution. The generation rates of the interfacial area between slag and steel were estimated based on obtained RRS‐distributions. The Sauter diameter was found to vary between 4 and 6 mm and the generation rate of the interfacial area between 0.2 and 0.6 m2 s−1. The results agree well with previous studies presented in the literature.
The Antiproliferative Activity of Kinase Inhibitors in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Is Mediated by FOXO Transcription Factors
Authors: Pellicano Francesca , Scott Mary T. , Helgason G. Vignir , Hopcroft Lisa E. M. , Allan Elaine K. , Aspinall-O’Dea Mark , Copland Mhairi , Pierce Andrew , Huntly Brian J. P. , Whetton Anthony D. , Holyoake Tessa L.
Published: May 2014

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is initiated and maintained by the tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL which activates a number of signal transduction pathways, including PI3K/AKT signaling and consequently inactivates FOXO transcription factors. ABL-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) induce minimal apoptosis in CML progenitor cells, yet exert potent antiproliferative effects, through as yet poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that in CD34+ CML cells, FOXO1 and 3a are inactivated and relocalized to the cytoplasm by BCR-ABL activity. TKIs caused a decrease in phosphorylation of FOXOs, leading to their relocalization from cytoplasm (inactive) to nucleus (active), where they modulated the expression of key FOXO target genes, such as Cyclin D1, ATM, CDKN1C, and BCL6 and induced G1 arrest. Activation of FOXO1 and 3a and a decreased expression of their target gene Cyclin D1 were also observed after 6 days of in vivo treatment with dasatinib in a CML transgenic mouse model. The over-expression of FOXO3a in CML cells combined with TKIs to reduce proliferation, with similar results seen for inhibitors of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. While stable expression of an active FOXO3a mutant induced a similar level of quiescence to TKIs alone, shRNA-mediated knockdown of FOXO3a drove CML cells into cell cycle and potentiated TKI-induced apoptosis. These data demonstrate that TKI-induced G1 arrest in CML cells is mediated through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway and reactivation of FOXOs. This enhanced understanding of TKI activity and induced progenitor cell quiescence suggests that new therapeutic strategies for CML should focus on manipulation of this signaling network. Stem Cells  2014;32:2324–2337
Fire resistance performance of steel composite hollow RC column with inner tube under ISO 834 standard fire
Authors: Won Deok Hee , Park Woo Sun , Jang In‐Sung , Han Sang‐Hun , Han Taek Hee
Published: May 2014

An internally confined hollow RC (ICH RC) column offers strong and durable confinement owing to the reinforcement provided by the inner tube. The strength and ductility of the column are enhanced because of the continuous confining stress provided by the inner tube. The excellent structural performance of ICH RC columns makes them particularly suitable for applications in high‐rise buildings. However, if a high‐rise building is damaged by fire, it will collapse without fire resistance performance. Also, lack of evacuation measures endangers human life. Thus, to predict the status of structures in fires, their behaviour should be evaluated in terms of fire time. In this study, the fire resistance performance of an ICH RC column was analysed during an ISO 834 standard fire and with certain initial conditions. Furthermore, the effects of hollow ratio, thickness of inner tube and thickness of cover concrete on the fire resistance performance were analysed. The results could be used for designing fire‐resistant ICH RC columns.
The Principle of Indifference and Imprecise Probability
Authors: Rinard Susanna ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2014

Sometimes different partitions of the same space each seem to divide that space into propositions that call for equal epistemic treatment. Famously, equal treatment in the formof equal point-valued credence leads to incoherence. Some have argued that equal treatment in the form of equal interval-valued credence solves the puzzle. This paper shows that, once we rule out intervals with extreme endpoints, this proposal also leads to incoherence.
Organizational Expansion to Underserved Markets: Insights from African Firms
Authors: Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph
Published: May 2014

Although scholars have highlighted the need for firms to explore and exploit market opportunities in underserved markets to achieve superior performance, emerging‐market firms’ strategic choices and constraints in such environments remains an underexplored area. Drawing on insights from the intra‐Africa air travel sector, we uncovered that the intense competitive pressures on inter‐African routes has intensified both exploration and exploitation activities on the intra‐African market as firms seek to mitigate the competitive effects. We also found that the firms’ exploitation activities have been punctuated by a number of firm‐specific and institutional factors. The theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of dynamic substructuring of a wind turbine foundation applicable for aeroelastic simulations
Authors: Damgaard M. , Andersen L. V. , Ibsen L. B.
Published: May 2014

Dynamic vibration response of a wind turbine structure is examined. Emphasis is put on the dynamic interaction between the foundation and the subsoil, since stiffness and energy dissipation of the substructure affect the dynamic response of the wind turbine. Based on a standard lumped‐parameter model fitted to the frequency response of the ground, a surface foundation is implemented into the aeroelastic code FLEX5. In case of a horizontal stratum overlaying a homogeneous half‐space and within the low frequency range, analyses show that a standard lumped‐parameter model provides an accurate prediction of the frequency‐dependent foundation stiffness. The generalized stiffness matrix of the substructure is found to be in a reasonable agreement with the corresponding values based on a Guyan reduction scheme. In addition, experimental findings based on traditional and operational modal techniques on a Vestas V112‐3.3 MW wind turbine installed on drained soil clearly indicate that the energy dissipation related to the lowest eigenmode is described accurately in the aeroelastic simulation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a net launcher for capturing urban gulls
Authors: Clark Daniel E. , Koenen Kiana K. G. , MacKenzie Kenneth G. , Pereira Jillian W. , DeStefano Stephen
Published: May 2014

The capture of birds is a common part of many avian studies but often requires large investments of time and resources. We developed a novel technique for capturing gulls during the non‐breeding season using a net launcher that was effective and efficient. The technique can be used in a variety of habitats and situations, including urban areas. Using this technique, we captured 1,326 gulls in 125 capture events from 2008 to 2012 in Massachusetts, USA. On average, 10 ring‐billed gulls (Larus delawarensis; range = 1–37) were captured per trapping event. Capture rate (the number of birds captured per trapping event) was influenced by the type of bait used and also the time of the year (greatest in autumn, lowest in winter). Our capture technique could be adapted to catch a variety of urban or suburban birds and mammals that are attracted to bait. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Effects of satellite transmitters on captive and wild mallards
Authors: Kesler Dylan C. , Raedeke Andrew H. , Foggia Jennifer R. , Beatty William S. , Webb Elisabeth B. , Humburg Dale D. , Naylor Luke W.
Published: May 2014

Satellite telemetry has become a leading method for studying large‐scale movements and survival in birds, yet few have addressed potential effects of the larger and heavier tracking equipment on study subjects. We simultaneously evaluated effects of satellite telemetry equipment on captive and wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) to assess impacts on behavior, body mass, and movement. We randomly assigned 55 captive ducks to one of 3 treatment groups, including a standard body harness group, a modified harness group, and a control group. Ducks in the control group were not fitted with equipment, whereas individuals in the other 2 groups were fitted with dummy transmitters attached with a Teflon ribbon harness or with a similar harness constructed of nylon cord. At the conclusion of the 14‐week captive study, mean body mass of birds in the control group was 40–105 g (95% CI) greater than birds with standard harnesses, and 28–99 g (95% CI) greater than birds with modified harnesses. Further, results of focal behavior observations indicated ducks with transmitters were less likely to be in water than control birds. We also tested whether movements of wild birds marked with a similar Teflon harness satellite transmitter aligned with population movements reported by on‐the‐ground observers who indexed local abundances of mid‐continent mallards throughout the non‐breeding period. Results indicated birds marked with satellite transmitters moved concurrently with the larger unmarked population. Our results have broad implications for field research and suggest that investigators should consider potential for physiological and behavioral effects brought about by tracking equipment. Nonetheless, results from wild ducks indicate satellite telemetry has the potential to provide useful movement data. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Green Oxidative Degradation of Methyl Orange with Copper(II) Schiff Base Complexes as Photo‐Fenton‐Like Catalysts
Authors: Fei Bao‐Li , Yan Qing‐Ling , Wang Jiang‐Hong , Liu Qing‐Bo , Long Jian‐Ying , Li Yang‐Guang , Shao Kui‐Zhan , Su Zhong‐Min , Sun Wei‐Yin
Published: May 2014

Two copper(II) complexes, namely [Cu(HL)Cl] (1) and [Cu(HL)Br] (2), where HL is the multidentate Schiff base N‐[(2‐oxy‐acetate)benzyl]‐2‐aminothanol, were synthesized and fully characterized. The CuII ions in 1 and 2 are pentacoordinate and the coordination arrangement is best described as distorted square‐pyramidal. The degradation of methyl orange (MO) was investigated using 1 and 2 as homogeneous photo‐Fenton‐like catalysts. 1 and 2 exhibited similar catalytic activity at neutral pH. The results suggest that they have advantages on catalyzing efficient degradation of organic dye through photo‐Fenton‐like reaction.
Management of the Pulmonary Artery during Video‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Left Upper Lobectomy
Authors: Guo Zhao‐hui , Kang Ming‐qiang , Lin Ruo‐bai , Zheng Wei , Zhu Yong , Zheng Bin , Xu Guo‐bing , Chen Chun
Published: May 2014

Background

Complete video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (c‐VATS) for left upper lobectomy is difficult due to the branching pattern of the left pulmonary artery.

Objective

Our purpose was to report outcomes of a modified technique of c‐VATS left upper lobectomy.

Methods

We retrospectively compared the outcomes of 83 patients with stage I/II non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received left upper lobectomy between 2008 and 2011; 32 underwent conventional c‐VATS and 50 received modified c‐VATS. In the modified procedure, the order in which hilum of lung was treated was from the lingular segmental artery to the superior pulmonary vein to the bronchus, and then finally the pulmonary artery.

Results

The mean patient age was 63.6 ± 8.4 years, and no differences were observed in age, gender, and largest tumor diameter between the two groups. No conversion occurred in either group. The surgical time for modified c‐VATS was significantly shorter than that for conventional c‐VATS (210 vs. 270 min, p < 0.001). Drainage time after surgery and length of hospitalization for the modified c‐VATS group were significantly less than those for the conventional group (drainage 3 vs. 4 days, respectively, p = 0.041; length of hospitalization 7 versus 12 days, respectively; p < 0.001). Surgical margins were clear in all cases. Four (8.0 %) complications occurred in the modified procedure group compared with ten (31.3 %) in the conventional group (p = 0.015).

Conclusion

This new technique offers shorter surgical and postoperative drainage time, shorter hospital stays, and fewer complications than conventional c‐VATS upper left lobectomy.
Genetic control of yield and yield components in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown under nitrogen limitation
Authors: Bouchet Anne-Sophie , Nesi Nathalie , Bissuel Christine , Bregeon Michel , Lariepe Amandine , Navier Hélène , Ribière Nicolas , Orsel Mathilde , Grezes-Besset Bruno , Renard Michel , Laperche Anne
Published: May 2014

Despite its high nitrogen absorption capacity, oilseed rape (OSR) has a low apparent nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), which makes its production highly dependent on nitrogen fertilization. Improving NUE in OSR is therefore a main target in breeding. The objectives of the present work were to determine the genomic regions (QTLs) associated with yield and to assess their stability under contrasted nitrogen nutrition regimes. One mapping population, AM, was tested in a French location for three growing seasons (2011, 2012 and 2013), under two nitrogen conditions (optimal and low). Eight yield-related traits were scored and nitrogen-responsive traits were calculated. A total of 104 QTLs were detected of which 28 controlled flowering time and 76 were related to yield and yield components. Very few genotype × nitrogen interactions were detected and the QTLs were highly stable between the nitrogen conditions. In contrast, only a few QTLs were stable across the years of the trial, suggesting a strong QTL × year interaction. Finally, eleven critical genomic regions that were stable across nitrogen conditions and/or trial years were identified. One particular region located on the A5 linkage group appears to be a promising candidate for marker assisted selection programs. The different strategies for OSR breeding using the QTLs found in the present study are discussed.
Getting the work done: motivation needs and processes for seafarers and dock workers
Authors: Mitroussi Kyriaki , Notteboom Theo
Published: May 2014

Most of current literature on motivation at work is acontextual neglecting the role of contextual layers found in distinct industries or professional environments. The aim of the present paper is to extend traditional notions of work motivation by considering more explicitly the importance and impact of professional/industry contexts and extant processes in them on work motivation. The focus of the paper is on two maritime-related professional environments: seafarers working on board merchant vessels and dock workers performing cargo handling operations in seaports. The paper critically reviews the context and constituents of the two professions in view of adding a dimension/layer of industry context and environment to mainstream literature on motivation.
ERp57 modulates mitochondrial calcium uptake through the MCU
Authors: He Jingquan , Shi Weikang , Guo Yu , Chai Zhen
Published: May 2014

ERp57 participates in the regulation of calcium homeostasis. Although ERp57 modulates calcium flux across the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, its functions on mitochondria are largely unknown. Here, we found that ERp57 can regulate the expression of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and modulate mitochondrial calcium uptake. In ERp57‐silenced HeLa cells, MCU was downregulated, and the mitochondrial calcium uptake was inhibited, consistent with the effect of MCU knockdown. When MCU was re‐expressed in the ERp57 knockdown cells, mitochondrial calcium uptake was restored. Thus, ERp57 is a potent regulator of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis.
Targeting Nrf2 by dihydro‐CDDO‐trifluoroethyl amide enhances autophagic clearance and viability of β‐cells in a setting of oxidative stress
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Wu Weiwei , Song Haibo , Wang Fang , Li Huanjie , Chen Li , Lai Yimu , Janicki Joseph S. , Ward Keith W. , Meyer Colin J. , Wang Xing Li , Tang Dongqi , Cui Taixing
Published: May 2014

Nrf2 appears to be a critical regulator of diabetes in rodents. However, the underlying mechanisms as well as the clinical relevance of the Nrf2 signaling in human diabetes remain to be fully understood. Herein, we report that islet expression of Nrf2 is upregulated at an earlier stage of diabetes in both human and mice. Activation of Nrf2 suppresses oxidative stress and oxidative stress‐induced β‐cell apoptosis while enhancing autophagic clearance in isolated rat islets. Additionally, oxidative stress per se activated autophagy in β‐cells. Thus, these results reveal that Nrf2 drives a novel antioxidant independent autophagic clearance for β‐cell protection in the setting of diabetes.
Does a shift to limited glucose activate checkpoint control in fission yeast?
Authors: Saitoh Shigeaki , Yanagida Mitsuhiro
Published: May 2014

Here we review cell cycle control in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, in response to an abrupt reduction of glucose concentration in culture media. S. pombe arrests cell cycle progression when transferred from media containing 2.0% glucose to media containing 0.1%. After a delay, S. pombe resumes cell division at a surprisingly fast rate, comparable to that observed in 2% glucose. We found that a number of genes, including zinc‐finger transcription factor Scr1, CaMKK‐like protein kinase Ssp1, and glucose transporter Ght5, enable rapid cell division in low glucose. In this article, we examine whether cell cycle checkpoint‐like control operates during the delay and after resumption of cell division in limited‐glucose. Using microarray analysis and genetic screening, we identified several candidate genes that may be involved in controlling this low‐glucose adaptation.
On Burning One’s Bridge: The Context of Gluckman’s Zulu Fieldwork
Authors: Gordon Robert J.
Published: May 2014

Gluckman’s 1940 essay “An Analysis of a Social Situation in Modern Zululand” (aka as “The Bridge”) is widely acknowledged as one of the most influential in social anthropology for signalling a paradigm shift. This paper publishes a chapter of a previously unpublished, undated manuscript by Gluckman – probably from 1946 – describing how he did fieldwork in Zululand. A contextualizing essay discusses why Gluckman went to Zululand, what his preparations were, how he famously got “banned,” the role of the regent and the native commissioners in orchestrating this, and how local anti-semitism also played its part. It also suggests that his “banning,” coupled to his marriage in 1939 to Mary Brignoli, a member of the communist party, were crucial factors leading to this paradigm change. Finally, the afterlife of “The Bridge” is sketched showing how dismal was its original reception among peers and colleagues.
Effect of the number of vortices on the torque scaling in Taylor–Couette flow
Authors: Martínez-Arias B. , Peixinho J. , Crumeyrolle O. , Mutabazi I.
Published: May 2014

Torque measurements in Taylor–Couette flow, with large radius ratio and large aspect ratio, over a range of velocities up to a Reynolds number of 24 000 are presented. Following a specific procedure, nine states with distinct numbers of vortices along the axis were found and the aspect ratios of the vortices were measured. The relationship between the speed and the torque for a given number of vortices is reported. In the turbulent Taylor vortex flow regime, at relatively high Reynolds number, a change in behaviour is observed corresponding to intersections of the torque–speed curves for different states. Before each intersection, the torque for a state with a larger number of vortices is higher. After each intersection, the torque for a state with a larger number of vortices is lower. The exponent, from the scaling laws of the torque, always depends on the aspect ratio of the vortices. When the Reynolds number is rescaled using the mean aspect ratio of the vortices, only a partial collapse of the exponent data is found.
Consequences of self-preservation on the axis of a turbulent round jet
Authors: Thiesset F. , Antonia R. A. , Djenidi L.
Published: May 2014

On the basis of a two-point similarity analysis, the well-known power-law variations for the mean kinetic energy dissipation rate $\overline{\epsilon }$ and the longitudinal velocity variance $\overline{u^2}$ on the axis of a round jet are derived. In particular, the prefactor for $\overline{\epsilon } \propto (x-x_0)^{-4}$, where $x_0$ is a virtual origin, follows immediately from the variation of the mean velocity, the constancy of the local turbulent intensity and the ratio between the axial and transverse velocity variance. Second, the limit at small separations of the two-point budget equation yields an exact relation illustrating the equilibrium between the skewness of the longitudinal velocity derivative $S$ and the destruction coefficient $G$ of enstrophy. By comparing the latter relation with that for homogeneous isotropic decaying turbulence, it is shown that the approach towards the asymptotic state at infinite Reynolds number of $S+2G/R_{\lambda }$ in the jet differs from that in purely decaying turbulence, although $S+2G/R_{\lambda } \propto R_{\lambda }^{-1}$ in each case. This suggests that, at finite Reynolds numbers, the transport equation for $\overline{\epsilon }$ imposes a fundamental constraint on the balance between $S$ and $G$ that depends on the type of large-scale forcing and may thus differ from flow to flow. This questions the conjecture that $S$ and $G$ follow a universal evolution with $R_{\lambda }$; instead, $S$ and $G$ must be tested separately in each flow. The implication for the constant $C_{\epsilon 2}$ in the $k-\overline{\epsilon }$ model is also discussed.