bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF PIGEON PEA INOCULATED WITH RHIZOBIUM ISOLATED FROM COWPEA TRAP HOST PLANTS
Authors: GUIMARÃES SALOMÃO LIMA , NEVES LAURA CRISTINA REZENDE DAS , BONFIM-SILVA EDNA MARIA , CAMPOS DANIELA TIAGO DA SILVA
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Pigeon pea is an important protein source grown in several tropical and sub-tropical countries, and is considered a multi-purpose plant that is resistant to the conditions of the Brazilian Cerrado. Among the possible uses for cowpea, its use as a green manure, increasing soil nitrogen content through the association with diazotrophic bacteria, generically known as rhizobia, is noteworthy. The present work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Rhizobium strains isolated from cowpea plants in the development of pigeon peas cultured in Red Latosol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications. Treatments consisted of inoculation with four Rhizobium strains (MT8, MT15, MT16, and MT23) and one commercial inoculant comprising Bradyrhizobium spp. strains BR 2801 and BR 2003. There were two controls, one absolute (without inoculation or nitrogen fertilization) and the other with nitrogen fertilization. Each experimental plot consisted of an 8-dm3 vase containing three plants. Analyzed variables included plant height, SPAD index, number and dry weight of nodules, and shoot and root dry masses. Pigeon peas responded significantly to inoculation treatment, since all the plants inoculated with Rhizobium strains isolated from cowpea strains showed results similar to plants in the nitrogen control and commercial inoculant treatments. This demonstrates a favorable plant-bacteria interaction, which can be utilized as an alternative nitrogen source for pigeon peas.
GROWTH AND MICRONUTRIENT CONCENTRATION IN MAIZE PLANTS UNDER NICKEL AND LIME APPLICATIONS
Authors: TORRES GILMAR NUNES , CAMARGOS SÂNIA LÚCIA , WEBER OSCARLINA LUCIA DOS SANTOS , MAAS KELLY DAYANA BENEDET , SCARAMUZZA WALCYLENE LACERDA MATOS PEREIRA
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba-MT, from March to May 2012. The objective was to assess the effects of different rates of nickel application with and without liming on maize growth and micronutrient levels. The study was a randomized block design in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement with four replicates, for a total of 40 plots, including with and without liming and five rates of nickel application, on a clayey Red Yellow Latosol (Oxisol, USDA classification and Ferralsol, FAO classification). Both lime and nickel applications influenced plant growth, reducing plant development with increased nickel application without liming. It was also observed that both lime and nickel applications altered micronutrient levels in the maize plants, independent of which part of the plant was evaluated. Nickel played an antagonistic role with manganese and zinc and a synergistic role with copper and iron.
EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF CASTOR BEANS GROWN UNDER SALINITY CONDITIONS (VARIETIES BRS ENERGIA, MPA 34 AND MPB 01)
Authors: PRESOTTO RAFAEL ANTÔNIO , ALVES GHILHERME ZOLLI , NASCIMENTO ELISAMARA CALDEIRA DO , GENUNCIO GLAUCIO DA CRUZ , ZONTA EVERALDO
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Studies have shown that some plant species exhibit satisfactory production levels when grown under high salinity levels, whereas others exhibit decreased production due to sodium sensitivity even at low sodium concentrations. The castor bean is moderately sensitive to salinity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the early growth of three castor bean varieties (BRS Energia, MPA 34 and MPB 01) grown in nutrient solution with increasing sodium concentrations (control, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mmol L-1). A completely randomized split-plot experimental design was used, with a 5x3 factorial scheme and three replicates per treatment. Salinity resulted in decreased dry weight of all castor bean varieties grown for 31 days under hydroponic conditions. The dry weight accumulation was less affected at the root than at the shoot level. Nevertheless, the shoot dry weight decreased with the increasing salinity. MPA 34 exhibited higher early growth than the remaining tested varieties. Salinity affected the early development of the tested castor bean varieties, and this effect was more pronounced at the shoot than at the root. Variety MPA 34 is promising for cultivation under moderate salinity levels.
CORN DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION IN FUNCTION OF SOURCES OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS AND DOSES
Authors: OLIVEIRA FERNANDO CASTRO , SOUSA NETTO MAURILIO DE , ARAUJO LUCAS DA SILVA , ALMEIDA ANDRÉ CIRILO DE SOUSA , SILVEIRA PEDRO MARQUES DA , CUNHA PAULO CÉSAR RIBEIRO DA
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) is one of the nutrients that have the most significant effect on corn grain productivity increase. In order to evaluate the effect of sources of N topdressing and doses in the grown corn culture, in a conventional till system, it was installed an experiment in the city of Urutaí, Goiás, in the 2012/13 crop, in clayey textured Red Latosol. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications, with the treatments arranged in a factorial 3 x 5, consisting of three sources (coated urea, urea and ammonium sulfate) and five doses (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1) of N, topdressing, applied in the surface and in a single dose, when the corn plants were in V4 stage. The hybrid used was the P3646H. We evaluated the following characters: stem diameter, plant height, height of ear insertion, leaf N, number of ears per plant, ear length, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, 100 grains mass and grain productivity. All characters have a response to nitrogen fertilization and only the height of ear insertion showed no significant difference between sources. The source coated urea showed the best results, indicating that its use may be compensatory, especially in favorable conditions for the NH3 volatilization, as the application of high doses of N in the surface.
CHARACTERIZATION OF YELLOW LATOSOLS (OXISOLS) OF SERRA DO QUILOMBO, IN PIAUÍ STATE SAVANNA WOODLANDS - BRAZIL
Authors: PRAGANA ROSSANNA BARBOSA , SOUZA JUNIOR VALDOMIRO SEVERINO DE , MOURA REGIANA DOS SANTOS , SOARES JORDÂNIA MEDEIROS
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The savanna woodlands of Piauí state has great economic importance since it is an area for agricultural expansion, being the fourth most important of Brazil and the first from Brazilian Northeastern. The area accounts for 5.9% of the Brazilian savanna woodlands and 36.9% of the Northeastern savanna, covering 46% of the Piauí state area, in a total of 11.5 million hectares. The goal of this research was to study pedoenvironments of Serra do Quilombo region, which is in Piauí state savanna, as well as identifying existing soil classes, according to the Brazilian System of Soil Classification - SiBCS. Soil identification consisted in characterizing soil profiles along a transect, assessing in-field conditions and collecting soil samples, in areas of native vegetation. The samples were gathered from three distinct points, being two at the edges and one at the center of the plateau. Soil analyses were carried out with samples collected from each horizon through trench digging up to a 2-m depth. Morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical characterizations were performed for each soil profile, along with an evaluation of the effect of pedogenic factors on their formation and development. All soils under study were formed with source materials of the same geological formation; however, each rock has a distinct contribution to the process, involving sandstones and shales. The characteristics observed in the soil from Serra do Quilombo have no difference from the pattern found in the Brazilian plateaus, and soil profiles were classified as dystrophic clayey Yellow Latosols (Oxisols), according to the SiBCS.
GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND MORPHO-AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. CLONES FOR SELECTION OF CLONAL VARIETIES
Authors: ALMEIDA ADRIANA QUEIROZ DE , SILVA SIMONE ALVES , ALMEIDA VANESSA DE OLIVEIRA , SOUZA DEOCLIDES RICARDO DE , ARAÚJO GILMARA DE MELO
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The knowledge about genetic diversity of jatropha crop is important for genetic conservation resources and breeding of this species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and performance of jatropha clones through morphological characterization to selection of clonal varieties for biofuels production. The clones were obtained through shoot cuttings from previous selection in a population of half-sibs progenies. The morphoagronomic analyses of clones was carried out at 180 days after transplantation and were evaluated plant height, stem diameter, number of primary branches and number of secondary branches, number of bunches and number of fruits per plant. Evaluating clones performance, significant results were found for the number of secondary branches. About analysis of genetic diversity, the measures of dissimilarity genetic varied from 0.62 to 13.11, this way, the UFRBPR14 and UFRBPR15 clones were more divergent. The Tocher method was efficient to verify formation of four groups. The characteristics that most contributed to the divergence among clones were branches number, height and number of bunches, and, stem diameter had lower contribution. The jatropha clones differed only in the secondary branches number and multivariate analysis showed divergence among the jatropha clones with formation of four groups. Also, branches number, plant height and number of bunches were characteristic that contributed to genetic divergence.
MATTER ACCUMULATION AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES OF MACAW PALM TO CYCLICAL DROUGHT
Authors: MOTA CLENILSO SEHNEN , CANO MARCO ANTONIO OLIVA
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the plant-water relations, photosynthetic parameters and growth of macaw (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacp.) Lodd. ex Mart.) plants, thus, ten plants were subjected to three successive drought and rehydration cycles and ten other plants were irrigated normally as control. The drought cycles consisted of a suspension of irrigation until the net CO2 assimilation rate (A) reach values lower than 5% of the control, and a rehydration until a plants recover at least 85% of A of the control plants. Reductions in A, stomatal conductance (gs ) and transpiration (E), above 95%, were found with predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd) of -1.85 MPa. After rehydration, the gs and E of plants with and without water stress was not different, however, A presented a significant difference. Leaf water potentials below -0.5 MPa reduced the intracellular and atmospheric CO2 ratio and increased water use efficiency, and values of -1.85 MPa, when both showed an increase and decrease, respectively. The reduction of A and gs was linear and proportional to Ψpd. Total dry matter accumulation reduced by 50% in the plants subjected to drought. The cyclic water stress resulted in reduction of gas exchange and matter accumulation in macaw palm plants; a stomatal limitation of A occurred until Ψpd of -1.85 MPa, and then a non-stomatal limitation.
BIOMASS YIELD OF CROTALARIA JUNCEA AFTER THINNING AND AT VARIED SOWING DENSITIES IN THE COASTAL PLATEAU OF PIAUÍ STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: TEODORO MAURO SERGIO , SANTOS FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE SEIXAS , LACERDA MAIRLA NASCIMENTO DE , ARAÚJO LUMA MELISA DA SILVA
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The northern region of Piauí state is an important center of irrigated organic fruit farming, wherein sandy soils with low organic matter content are predominant, besides climate with high temperatures, long periods of water deficit and constant wind. Given this situation, it becomes necessary to investigate alternative management options able to meet the challenges of agricultural productivity. In this context, green manuring becomes an important practice, mainly when using fast-growing species and with great potential for biomass production. Thus, a study was carried out at Embrapa Meio-Norte to measure Crotalaria juncea biomass yield after thinning and at various sowing densities. The evaluated parameters were plant height, stem diameter, number of branches per plant, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots. The results showed that sowing density had no influence on plant height; however, unthinned plants reached greater heights, which might have been due to reduced competition for light. Thinning had no effect on diameters of plant stem base; on the other hand, lower planting densities promoted larger diameters also due to less competition. Likewise, the number of branches per plant was not affected by thinning, being greater at lower planting densities on account of less competition. Thinned plants achieved higher averages of fresh shoot weight. Nevertheless, shoot dry biomass was greater at higher planting densities. Furthermore, both fresh and dry weight of roots were not influenced by any of the adopted treatments.
WINTER COVER CROPS ON WEED INFESTATION AND MAIZE YIELD
Authors: CUTTI LUAN , LAMEGO FABIANE PINTO , AGUIAR ADALIN CEZAR MORAES DE , KASPARY TIAGO EDU , RIGON CARLOS ALBERTO GONSIORKIEWICZ
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The establishment of commercial crops in succession to winter cover crops that leaves a dense straw layer provides significantly suppression of weeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the suppressive potential of winter cover crops on weed infestation in maize and its effect on the yield of the maize sown in succession. The experiment was conducted in the 2012/2013 crop season, in an area of the UFSM Campus Frederico Westphalen, State of Rio Grande do Sul. Four different species of cover crops (black oat, ryegrass, vetch and forage radish) were seeded and a fallow area was used as control. Evaluations to quantify the dry matter and chemical desiccation were performed at the full flowering period of the cover crops. Maize was sown in no-tillage system, in succession to the cover crops. The incidence and shoot dry matter of weeds (g 0.25 m-2) was evaluated 15 days after the maize emergence. The main weed species in the area were: morning-glory (Ipomoea grandifolia), wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). In general, vetch and ryegrass were the winter cover crops that better suppressed the weeds evaluated. The best maize yield was found in the area previously covered with ryegrass, inferring a relation between the cover crop and suppression of weeds and crop yield.
INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION BETWEEN NATIVE AND EXOTIC FRUIT FLY PARASITOIDSIN MIXED ORCHARDS IN MACEIO, ALAGOAS, BRAZIL
Authors: SANTOS JAKELINE MARIA DOS , BROGLIO SÔNIA MARIA FORTI , WALDER JÚLIO MARCOS MELGES , SANTOS DJISON SILVESTRE DOS , SILVA THIAGO RAMOS
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to assess the effects of the release and establishment of the exotic parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its interspecific competitive relationship with native fruit fly parasitoids in organic and conventional orchards in Maceio, State of Alagoas, Brazil. The exotic parasitoids were reared in the Radio-Entomology Laboratory of the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, and released (112,350 individuals between five and eight days old) in orchards from June 8 to July12, 2013.Fruit samples were collected randomly every week during one year to assess the D. longicaudata recaptured from plants and fallen fruits on the ground, which were taken to the Entomology Laboratory of the CECA-UFAL, classified and individually placed in plastic containers, containing a layer of 1 cm of sand for pupation of the host larvae. The pupae, obtained after 10 days, were placed in Petri dishes with a layer of sand until the emergence of adults, which were then kept in plastic microtubes, containing ethanol 70%. The release of exotic parasitoids did not displace native species. The same species were found before and after the release in both cultures: Doryctobracon areolatus, Asobara anastrephae, Utetes anastrephae and Opius bellus (Braconidae), Aganaspis pelleranoi (Figitidae) and individuals of the Pteromalidae family. One year after the last release, 44 individuals of the exotic parasitoid were found, showing its establishment in the studied areas.
GERMINATION TEST IN SEEDS OF MELOTHRIA CAMPESTRIS (NAUDIN) H. SCHAEF. & S.S. RENNER
Authors: CÂNDIDO ANA CARINA DA SILVA , ALVES CHARLINE ZARATIN , REGO CARLOS HENRIQUE QUEIROZ , SILVA TIAGO ROQUE BENETOLI DA , SILVA JOSUÉ BISPO DA
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The Cerrado occupies 25% of the Brazilian territory and is the second largest biome in South America, second only to the Amazon Rainforest. Hence, studies on the native species of the Cerrado are important for implementing conservation strategies. In this context, knowledge of the requirements and conditions for germination of seeds of these native species is essential. The Cerrado watermelon (Melothria campestris (Naudin) H. Schaef. & S.S. Renner) is a plant that is not cultivated, but has been used in revegetation projects in the countryside of the Cerrado because its fruits are fed upon by fauna in times of food shortage. The purpose of this study was to determine the most appropriate methodology for the germination of the Cerrado watermelon, by identifying the best-suited substrate, the optimal temperature, and the corresponding time taken for germination. The treatments consisted of four substrates: in a paper roll, on paper, in sand, and on sand; and four temperatures: 20, 25, and 30 °C (maintained constant), and a fourth temperature treatment that alternated 20-30 °C. The effect of the substrates and temperatures on seed performance was evaluated using the germination test, speed index, and average time for germination. The experimental design was fully randomized, with treatments distributed in a 4 × 4 (substrates × temperatures) factorial scheme, with four replications. Our results show that the temperature of 20 °C had a negative influence on germination in all substrates. Further, we found that the germination of the Cerrado watermelon seeds was best in a paper roll or on sand substrate, maintained at a constant temperature of 30 °C, or when temperature was alternated 20-30 °C, and the time required for germination stabilization was 30 days.
SELECTIVITY OF HERBICIDES APPLIED IN POST-EMERGENCE OF SHOWY CROTALARIA
Authors: BRAZ GUILHERME BRAGA PEREIRA , OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR RUBEM SILVÉRIO DE , CONSTANTIN JAMIL , TAKANO HUDSON KAGUEYAMA , GODINHO FERNANDA BRUNETTA
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Weed control is essential to reduce or eliminate the interference of weeds on crops. Chemical control with the application of herbicides consists of the most used method, with this aim in grain producing areas. Information about the selectivity of herbicides to C. spectabilis (showy crotalaria) are scarce, which are critical for the management of this species as a crop. One field experiment was performed to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied in post-emergence of showy crotalaria. The herbicides bentazon (720 and 576 g ha-1), imazethapyr (106 and 79.5 g ha-1), pyrithiobac-sodium (84 g ha-1), flumiclorac (60 g ha-1), flumiclorac in sequential application (30 / 30 g ha-1), imazethapyr + bentazon (106 + 480 g ha-1), and clethodim + quizalofop (96 + 100 g ha-1) were applied in plants with four true leaves, also using a control without herbicide application. Pyrithiobac-sodium and flumiclorac isolated and the tankmix of imazethapyr + bentazon provided greater injuries to showy crotalaria, also affecting the final plant height. Pyrithiobac-sodium (84 g ha-1) was not selective to showy crotalaria. The herbicides imazethapyr (79.5 g ha-1), flumiclorac (sequential application), and bentazon (576 g ha-1), despite the association between clethodim + quizalofop, can be used for weed management in showy crotalaria crop.
EVALUATION OF CORN HYBRIDS UNDER CONTRASTING WATER AVAILABILITY CONDITIONS
Authors: BUSO WILIAN HENRIQUE DINIZ , ARNHOLD EMMANUEL
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The current study aimed to assess adaptability and stability of corn hybrids regarding grain yields when sown in three different seasons in the Brazilian cerrado. The research was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the IF Goiano, campus in Ceres - GO. Pre-sowing fertilization was made with 20 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, 150 kg ha-1 of phosphorus and 80 kg ha-1 of potassium (04-30-16 formulation). Data were analyzed in a random block experimental design. We assessed tem corn hybrids (Truck, Fórmula, P30F53, P3646H, P30F35H, AGN 30A77H, AGN 30A37H, AG 8088PRO, DKB 390 and DKB Bi9440) in three sowing seasons (Nov. 18, 2011; Jan. 31, 2012 and Feb. 20, 2012) with three replications. Harvests were held on Apr. 4, 2012; Jun. 10, 2012 and Jul. 1, 2012. Each hybrid was assessed on yielding; and a graphical analysis was made to contrast hybrids and sowing seasons regarding stability and adaptability. Results showed a significant effect of the interaction between hybrids and sowing times. Therefore, we may state that the best hybrid in an environment would not be necessarily good in another. Thereby, we can infer that drought and corn genetic variability have diverse behaviors in each season. Over the two-dimensional graphics generated by GGE Biplot method, we observed an increased adaptability of AGN 30A77H when sown on Nov. 18, 2011 and on Jan. 31, 2012, followed by Fórmula; however, for P30F35H, it was on Feb. 20, 2012.
IRRIGATION WITH SALINE WATER AND NITROGEN IN PRODUCTION COMPONENTS AND YIELD OF SUNFLOWER
Authors: SANTOS JOÃO BATISTA DOS , GUEDES FILHO DOROTEU HONÓRIO , GHEYI HANS RAJ , LIMA GEOVANI SOARES DE , CAVALCANTE LOURIVAL FERREIRA
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Due to the quantitative and qualitative limitation of water resources, saline water irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilisation can contribute positively to the expansion of sunflower cultivation in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate production components and yield of sunflower, cv. "Embrapa 122-V2000‟, irrigated with waters of different salinity levels (electrical conductivity - ECw) and fertilised with varying amounts of N in a field experiment in a eutrophic Quartzarenic Neosol from November 2012 to February 2013. The experiment was performed in a completely randomised block design in split plots, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, which corresponded to five ECw levels (0.15, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1) and four N levels (60, 80, 100 and 120 kg ha-1), with three replicates and 30 plants per plot. The interaction between water salinity levels and N did not have significant effects on the studied variables; irrigation water salinity had isolated negative effects on the total number of achenes, number of viable achenes, productivity and oil yield of achenes. The increase in N levels stimulated the total number and the number of viable achenes, the mass of 1,000 achenes, capitulum diameter and productivity of achenes of sunflower, cv. "Embrapa 122-V2000‟, but had no effect on the oil content of achenes. N levels of up to 100 kg ha-1 promoted adequate oil content in the achenes of sunflower, cv "Embrapa 122-V2000‟.
FOOD-PACKAGING INTERACTION ON THE STABILITY OF CANNED SWEETENED CUPUAÇU ( Theobroma grandiflorum Schum.) PUREE
Authors: FREIRE MARIA TERESA DE ALVARENGA , PETRUS RODRIGO RODRIGUES , GATTI JOZETI APARECIDA BARBUTTI , LEITE MARIA FERNANDA BARBOSA , KUNITAKE MARIANA TOMIE , FREIRE CELIA MARINA DE ALVARENGA
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum.) is an exotic fruit with a promising economic potential, particularly due to its strong aroma and creamy texture. This study aimed to produce sweetened cupuaçu puree and evaluate the effects of packaging corrosion on its sensory properties and shelf-life in tinplated cans. After 240 days of storage, the commercially sterile product had average sensory analysis scores of 5.89 ± 0.21, 5.39 ± 0.30, 5.45 ± 0.21 and 5.49 ± 0.25, for appearance, aroma, flavor and overall appreciation, respectively. Sensory acceptance scores did not change during storage (p>0.05). Corrosion potential and low tin and iron levels in the product, which are parameters used to evaluate food-packaging interaction, demonstrated the product remained food-safe throughout its shelf-life. Tinplate is a promising packaging material for sweetened cupuaçu puree due to its mechanical and protective properties. Furthermore, tin plating is an economically viable food technology to extend the shelf-life of cupuaçu products and expand its domestic and international markets.
MINI TOMATO CULTIVARS FOR THE SUB-MID SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, BRAZIL
Authors: YURI JONY EISHI , COSTA NIVALDO DUARTE , LIMA MARIA AUXILIADORA COÊLHO DE , RESENDE GERALDO MILANEZ DE , FERREIRA TAINÁ DOURADO , SILVA MIRIAM CLEBIA
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco (PE), Brazil, in order to evaluate the performance of mini tomato cultivars under the conditions of the Sub-Mid São Francisco Valley. One on crops of the second half of the year (SH) from August to December 2012, and other on crops of the first half of the year (FH) from March to July 2013. Six mini tomato cultivars were evaluated in both seasons: E5663, Kada, F1170, Tanzimech, E1275 and Abirú. A randomized block experimental design was used, with four replications, arranged in split plot, with the growing seasons in the plots and cultivars in the subplots. The total and commercial fruit yield, soluble solid contents, fruit yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, and fruit fresh weight were evaluated. The total yield was higher in the FH, regardless of the cultivar used. The cultivar E5663 presented yield of 40.3 Mg ha-1 in the SH and 104.0 Mg ha-1 in the FH. Commercial yield, soluble solid content and yield per plant followed the same trend. The number of fruits per plant ranged from 390.8 to 941.4 (FH) and from 80.5 to 315.4 (SH). The cultivar E5663 presented the best yield and soluble solid content responses, thus, it may be recommended for the conditions of Petrolina PE, and can be adopted for planting in both seasons evaluated.
IDENTIFICATION AND EFFECTS OF MIXED INFECTION OF Potyvirus ISOLATES WITH Cucumber mosaic virus IN CUCURBITS
Authors: BARBOSA GRAZIELA DA SILVA , LIMA JOSÉ ALBERSIO DE ARAÚJO , QUEIRÓZ MANOEL ABILIO DE , DIAS RITA DE CÁSSIA SOUZA , LIMA CRISTIANO SOUZA
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Mixed infections in cucurbits are frequently observed in natural conditions between viruses from the Potyvirus genus and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), which significantly decreases productivity. The objectives of the present study was to compare the host range of PRSV-W, WMV, and ZYMV isolates and evaluate the effects of mixed infections with CMV in zucchini plants (Cucurbita pepo L.). Host range studies comprising 23 plant species confirmed some similarities and biological differences among the isolates of PRSV-W, ZYMV, and WMV. RT-PCR confirmed the amplification of DNA fragments of the PRSV-W, WMV, and ZYMV coat protein gene (cp) and cytoplasm inclusion gene (ci). The virus interaction studies in zucchini Caserta plants indicated synergistic interactions, particularly among species from the Potyvirus genus, and some CMV interference with some virus combinations.
PEDOGENESIS AND SOIL CLASSIFICATION OF AN EXPERIMENTAL FARM IN MOSSORÓ, STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZIL
Authors: RÊGO LUNARA GLEIKA DA SILVA , MARTINS CAROLINA MALALA , SILVA EULENE FRANCISCO DA , SILVA JÉSSIA JULIANA ALVES DA , LIMA REBECA NAIRONY DA SILVA
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The Rafael Fernandes experimental farm is located in the Alagoinha district, northwest of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, over two pedogenic formations of different edaphic characteristics, thus needing a more detailed description of its soil types, since this area hosts several experimental fields for researches on agriculture. The objective of this work was to characterize the morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical features of the most representative soils of this farm, in order to understand its pedogenesis and define its classifications. The whole area was surveyed in order to assess its more representative pedogenic formations. Three soil profiles were classified and described, from which samples were collected in all horizons for physical, chemical and mineralogical analysis. The parent materials and the relief were the determining factors for pedogenic processes of desilication, podzolization and laterization, generating the three main soil types of the area, which were classified up to the 4th categorical level and described as: Typic Rhodustults (P1), Rhodic Haplustox (P2) and Typic Plinthustalfs (P3).
Appropriate hydration period and chemical agent improve priming in brachiaria seeds
Authors: Batista Thiago Barbosa , Binotti Flávio Ferreira da Silva , Cardoso Eliana Duarte , Costa Edilson , Nascimento Daniele Maria do
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Priming is an alternative to improve the performance of seeds that have germination problems, such as Urochloa brizantha seeds. This study aimed at evaluating the appropriate hydration period and chemical agents used for priming, via direct immersion, in the physiological quality and carbohydrate content of U. brizantha seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement, with four replicates of each treatment, consisting of lower, median and higher hydration periods, in the phase II of the absorption curve, and agents used for priming: water, gibberellin, sucrose and antioxidant (riboflavin). Germination and vigor tests were carried out, as well as carbohydrate contents determination, in the seeds. It was observed that seeds hydrated in the lower period show higher physiological potential. Priming with gibberellin provides a greater seedling emergence, and with sucrose higher carbohydrate contents.
Accumulation of nutrients and agronomic performance of grafted seedless watermelon
Authors: Santos Joice Simone dos , Dias Rita de Cássia Souza , Grangeiro Leílson Costa , Simões Welson Lima , Deon Magnus Dall'Igna
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Chemical fertilizing is one of the main inputs that increase watermelon production costs. Watermelon grafting with compatible rootstocks and a vigorous root system may increase the efficiency of nutrients absorption. This study aimed at determining the accumulation of dry matter and nutrients, as well as the agronomic performance of grafted watermelon. The triploid 'Precious Petite' watermelon was used as graft and the Line BGCIA941 (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) as rootstock. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, in a split-plot, with six replicates. The 'Precious Petite' grafted onto Line BGCIA941, ungrafted 'Precious Petite' and ungrafted Line BGCIA941 were evaluated in the plot, while the subplot corresponded to the sampling time (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 days after transplanting). 'Precious Petite' grafted onto Line BGCIA 941 accumulated more macro and micronutrients than the ungrafted plants, increasing fruit yield, flesh firmness and rind thickness, but it did not affect the soluble solids contents. The decreasing order for nutrient accumulation in the grafted plants was N > K > Ca > Mg > P > S > Fe > Mn > Zn > B > Cu, whereas for ungrafted 'Precious Petite' it corresponded to N > K > Ca > Mg > P > S > Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu.
Physiological and morphological characteristics of Phaseolus vulgaris L. grown in soil with picloram residues
Authors: Franco Miguel Henrique Rosa , Lemos Vinícius Teixeira , França André Cabral , Schiavon Nykolas Carvalho , Albuquerque Marco Túlio Gomes , Alecrim Ademílson de Oliveira , D'Antonino Leonardo
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The long lasting residual effect of some auxin herbicides depends on soil characteristics and may cause phytotoxicity on subsequent crops. Picloram is one of the main herbicides used in pastures, presenting a long lasting residual effect in the soil. This study aimed at determining the physiological and morphological characteristics of common bean plants grown in soil contaminated with picloram, under greenhouse conditions. A complete randomized blocks design, with treatments consisting of picloram doses (0 g ha-1, 7.5 g ha-1, 15 g ha-1, 30 g ha-1, 60 g ha-1 and 120 g ha-1 a.i.), with five replications, was used. Urochloa brizantha was sown in pots, and its height and shoot fresh and dry matter were evaluated. In the same pots, Phaseolus vulgaris was sown as a bio-indicator of picloram, and the following characteristics were measured: plant height, fresh and dry matter, phytotoxicity, leaf area, number of leaves per plant, maximum photosynthetic efficiency and relative electron transport rate. The phytoremediation process occurs in soil with picloram residues (up to 30 g ha-1) when covered by U. brizantha for 150 days. The common bean plants show a good potential as biological indicator of the presence of picloram residues in the soil.
Germination and antioxidant action in melon seeds exposed to salt stress
Authors: Pinheiro Daniel Teixeira , Silva Aparecida Leonir da , Silva Laércio Junio da , Sekita Marcelo Coelho , Dias Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Salinity influences all germination stages and may adversely affect the seedlings establishment in the field. This study aimed at assessing the effects of salt stress on the physiological potential of melon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds. Germination and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) enzymes were assessed at the osmotic potentials of 0.0 MPa, -0.1 MPa, -0.2 MPa, -0.3 MPa, -0.4 MPa and -0.5 MPa. The enzymatic activity was assessed after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h of imbibition. Seed germination was zero at -0.5 MPa and 91 % and 85 % at -0.1 MPa and -0.2 MPa, respectively. In general, the activity of SOD, CAT and POX enzymes increased with the salt-induced stress, in the different times of imbibition, and these increases were more evident at -0.4 MPa and -0.5 MPa. The salt stress induced by NaCl diminishes the germination rate of melon seeds, particularly from the osmotic potential of -0.2 MPa. There is a significant increase in the activity of SOD, CAT and POX enzymes, mainly after 48 h of exposure.
Maize intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis under no-tillage system
Authors: Queiroz Renata Fernandes de , Chioderoli Carlos Alessandro , Furlani Carlos Eduardo Angeli , Holanda Henrique Vinícius de , Zerbato Cristiano
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT The no-tillage system is a conservation practice that seeks greater sustainability of the production system and can be replicated in large land areas. Maize intercropped with forages of the Urochloa genus has proven to be profitable and suitable for targeting both the straw and grain production. This study aimed at evaluating maize yield and cover plants, using different maize row spacings and forage seeding methods, under a no-tillage system. A randomized blocks design, in a 2 x 3 + 2 factorial scheme, with four replications, was used. The treatments consisted of two maize row spacings (0.45 m and 0.90 m) intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis, using three different methods (Urochloa sown in the row, Urochloa sown by hauling soon after maize was sown and Urochloa sown during the maize V4 growth stage) + controls (only maize at two spacings). The intercropping between maize spaced 0.90 m with Urochloa ruziziensis in the sowing row provided better grain yield results without interfering with the Urochloa dry matter production.
Selectivity of pesticides used in rice crop on Telenomus podisi and Trichogramma pretiosum
Authors: Pazini Juliano de Bastos , Grützmacher Anderson Dionei , Martins José Francisco da Silva , Pasini Rafael Antônio , Rakes Matheus
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Telenomus and Trichogramma species stand out as agents for the biological control in rice crops, and the main strategy for preserving them is the use of selective pesticides. This study aimed at evaluating the toxicity of pesticides used in irrigated rice crop on Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Adults of these parasitoids were exposed to dry residues of pesticides, in a completely randomized experiment, with 25 treatments (24 pesticides + control) and four replications. The insecticides clorantraniliprole, flubendiamide and diflubenzuron and the biological insecticides based on Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae were harmless to T. podisi and T. pretiosum. The harmless herbicides were: 2.4-D amine, profoxydim, quinclorac, ethoxysulfuron and saflufenacil. The fungicide epoxiconazole + kresoxim-methyl was also harmless to these two biological control agents. Therefore, these pesticides are indicated for the integrated pest management, in flooded rice areas.
Agronomic characteristics and yield of organic maize straw intercropped with perennial green manures
Authors: Arantes Ana Carolina Costa , Fontanetti Anastácia , Soares Marcio Roberto , Silva Neto Francisco José da , Próspero Alexandre Gonçalves
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Maize intercropped with perennial green manure is an option to promote soil coverage, control weeds and recycle soil nutrients, in an organic system. This study aimed at evaluating the agronomic characteristics and yield of grains and organic maize straw intercropped with perennial green manures sown at different maize growth stages. A 3 x 2 + 1 factorial design was used, with three perennial species of green manure - calopogonium (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv.), tropical kudzu [Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth] and perennial soy [Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn) Lackey] - and two green manure sowing times - at the maize V4 (four expanded leaves) and VT (bolting) stages - plus a control treatment (maize monoculture). A randomized blocks design, with four replications, was used. Soil coverage, production of green manures dry matter and weeds, and maize growth and production variables were evaluated. The sowing of green manures at the V4 stage had a higher percentage of soil coverage, in relation to the VT stage. Calopogonium, when compared to the other green manure species, had the highest percentage of soil coverage (35.63 %) and dry matter (1.0 Mg ha-1). Perennial green manures grown intercropped with maize did not affect growth, grain yield and maize straw. However, they were not effective in suppressing weeds.
Growth, nutrient accumulation in leaves and grain yield of super early genotypes of common bean
Authors: Nascente Adriano Stephan , Carvalho Maria da Conceição Santana , Rosa Paulo Holanda
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT There is a lack of researches that evaluate the development and nutrient accumulation in super early genotypes of common bean for the elaboration of fertilization programs. This study aimed at characterizing the development; N, P, K, Ca and Mg accumulation by leaves; grain yield; and yield components of super early genotypes of common bean. Field experiments were conducted in a randomized blocks design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the IPR Colibri (control), CNFC 15873, CNFC 15874 and CNFC 15875 genotypes. Plants were sampled throughout the common bean development, being divided into leaves, stems and pods. After determining the dry matter, the contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg accumulated in leaves were estimated. At harvesting, the grain yield and yield components were evaluated. The biomass accumulation in stems and leaves occurred until the flowering stage, and then it started in the pods until harvesting. The genotypes that absorbed more nitrogen and phosphorus had a higher grain yield. The average growing season of super early genotypes was 70 days (winter) and 63 days (summer). CNFC 15874 was the most productive genotype in the winter, with grain yield similar to the IPR Colibri cultivar (control). In the summer, CNFC 15873 and CNFC 15875 achieved grain yield similar to the IPR Colibri cultivar.
Use of sodium metasilicate for management of peach brown rot
Authors: Pavanello Elizandra Pivotto , Brackmann Auri , Costa Ivan Francisco Dressler da , Both Vanderlei , Ludwig Vagner
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Peach brown rot, caused by the Monilinia fructicola fungus, is the main disease affecting peach crops, and it is mainly controlled via frequent fungicide applications. This study aimed at searching for alternatives to the intensive use of chemicals, evaluating silicon doses to control pre and postharvest peach brown rot and their influence on maturation parameters and fruit quality. Treatments consisted of control (water) and sodium metasilicate doses (2 g L-1, 4 g L-1, 6 g L-1, 8 g L-1 and 10 g L-1 of water). The following assessments were made: spore germination and in vitro mycelial growth, brown rot incidence, soluble solids, titratable acidity, flesh firmness, total polyphenol content and fruit ethylene production and respiration rate. The 2 g L-1 dose reduced spore germination by 95 %. Doses of 6 g L-1 and 8 g L-1 satisfactorily reduced the disease incidence in the field, with 77 % and 89.2 % control, respectively. Sodium metasilicate resulted in the maintenance of great fruit firmness, reduced respiration and ethylene production and increased total polyphenol synthesis, but it did not influence the titratable acidity or soluble solids. Applying 6 g L-1 may potentially control pre and postharvest peach brown rot, besides increasing the total polyphenol synthesis and maintaining a higher flesh firmness.
Quality of second season soybean submitted to drying and storage
Authors: Hartmann Filho Cesar Pedro , Goneli André Luís Duarte , Masetto Tathiana Elisa , Martins Elton Aparecido Siqueira , Oba Guilherme Cardoso , Siqueira Valdiney Cambuy
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Drying agricultural products reduces the moisture content to suitable levels for storage, in order to maintain the product quality. However, special care with the temperatures applied in the process is important for the integrity and longevity of the material. The present study aimed at determining the immediate and latent effect of air-drying temperatures on the quality of soybean produced as a second season crop. The grains were collected at the R8 stage, close to the physiological maturity, with moisture content of approximately 23 % (w.b.), submitted to drying temperatures of 40 ºC, 50 ºC, 60 ºC, 70 ºC and 80 ºC, up to a moisture content of 12.5 ± 0.7 % (w.b.), and then stored under non-controlled humidity and temperature for 180 days. Thereafter, quality was assessed every 45 days by determining the dry matter loss, color and crude protein and lipid contents, as well as the acidity and peroxide indices of the crude oil extracted. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the increase in the air-drying temperature affects the soybean quality and crude oil extracted, being this effect enhanced with the storage time; the soybean and crude oil quality decline with an increase in the air-drying temperature and storage time; the air temperature of 40 ºC has the least effect on the quality of soybean grains and crude oil extracted.
Pathogenicity and aggressiveness of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates in ornamental pepper
Authors: Araújo Neilton Antonio Fiusa , Vieira Joana D´arc Mendes , Moura Marlene da Rocha , Pessoa Wagner Rogério Leocádio Soares , Barguil Beatriz Meireles
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Anthracnose, a disease caused by fungi of the Colletotrichum genus, affects many crops, including ornamental plants. This study aimed at evaluating the pathogenicity and aggressiveness of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. (Sacc.) isolates Cg1 (papaya), Cg2 (guava) and Cg3 (mango) in the ornamental pepper varieties Stromboli, Etna and Pirâmide, during two different periods (July/August and November/December 2013). The fungi pathogenicity and the severity of plant symptoms were assessed using a grading scale. The three C. gloeosporioides isolates were pathogenic to the three ornamental pepper varieties studied, exhibiting different levels of aggressiveness among them. The environmental conditions influenced the isolates aggressiveness, with the most severe symptoms observed in the second assessment period.
Azospirillum brasilense affects the antioxidant activity and leaf pigment content of Urochloa ruziziensis under water stress
Authors: Bulegon Lucas Guilherme , Guimarães Vandeir Francisco , Laureth Jessica Cristina Urbanski
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Water stress leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in degradation of leaf pigments and cell death. This study aimed at assessing the oxidative enzyme activity and photosynthetic pigment content in seeds and/or leaves of Urochloa ruziziensis (syn. Brachiaria) inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense under water stress. Assessments of soluble proteins, chlorophylls a and b and carotenoid contents, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes, were conducted at the beginning of the water stress process and also under severe water stress and during plant rehydration. Seed inoculation showed a reduction in the action of SOD, under water stress, with an increase after rehydration. POD exhibited an activity greater than CAT in all the assessments, but it did not differ statistically under severe water stress. CAT activity increased under severe stress in all treatments, particularly for leaf inoculation. Chlorophyll a was slightly degraded, maintaining the levels of the irrigated control, while the chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents, in plants subjected to leaf inoculation with A. brasilense, were higher under water stress. It was concluded that the leaf inoculation of U. ruziziensis with A. brasilense makes the plant more efficient at removing reactive oxygen species and protecting chlorophyll a.
A centralidade das aglomerações metropolitanas na economia globalizada: fundamentos econômicos e possibilidades políticas
Authors: Sanfelici Daniel
Published: November 2016

Resumo Em que pese a infinidade de previsões sobre o iminente declínio da importância das grandes cidades, estas últimas mantêm-se como nós privilegiados do desenvolvimento econômico. Este artigo propõe uma discussão teórica sobre as forças econômicas que reiteram a centralidade da metrópole no processo de globalização e sobre as possibilidades e limites da ação política local. Na primeira parte, o artigo dedica-se a examinar os fundamentos econômicos da aglomeração espacial. Na segunda parte, discute como essas mesmas forças econômicas básicas, mediadas pela ação pública local, estruturam o espaço intraurbano. E, na terceira e última parte, discute as possibilidades abertas à ação pública local, ressaltando que, para ser eficaz, esta última deve ser concebida, ao mesmo tempo, como transescalar e multidimensional.
Governance in an emerging suburban world
Authors: Hamel Pierre , Keil Roger
Published: November 2016

Abstract Cities are increasingly defined through their peripheries. This observation is the result of what has been explored by urban researchers worldwide. Suburban development, with diverse modalities of governance – through the state, capital accumulation and private authoritarianism – is transforming city regions in an unexpected way. The diversity of spatial forms shaping urban/suburban development is part of a peripheral growth bringing in a new scale for understanding urban issues, the metropolis or the city region. The paper is subdivided in four parts. First, we take into account the expansion of suburban spaces in order to highlight the new urban issues emerging at a city regional scale. Second, we look at framing the mechanisms of suburban governance. Then, after paying attention to the Canadian situation, we compare the model of suburban governance in Anglo Saxon settler societies to other forms and/or models of suburbanization prevailing in other parts of the world.