bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pratiques géotouristiques et interprétation de la nature dans les géoparcs chinois : entre tensions et hybridation des cultures
Authors: Du Yi , Girault Yves
Published: February 2020

Au cours de trois périodes historiques majeures en Chine, l’évolution des rapports à l’environnement a été largement induite par des pratiques culturelles spécifiques à l’Asie (en particulier le confucianisme et le taoïsme) et par l’intégration progressive d’éléments de la culture occidentale. Dans le cadre de la revalorisation du tourisme, les parcs naturels ont développé des activités écotouristiques. Cette ouverture s’est accompagnée en Chine, de nouveaux défis et de nouvelles opportunités car si les touristes chinois ont un intérêt très fort pour les zones naturelles et sont toujours influencés par leur culture traditionnelle, des autorités privilégient le développement de la « science popularization ». Enfin, depuis les années 2000, la Chine a labellisé de très nombreux géoparcs nationaux et a rejoint progressivement le réseau mondial des géoparcs qui impose également ses propres objectifs. Après avoir présenté ce contexte très spécifique, nous proposons de souligner les tendances actuelles des activités d’interprétation de la nature au sein de ces géoparcs.
Des pistes pour institutionnaliser une éducation relative à l’environnement dans la trajectoire obligatoire de la formation initiale à l’enseignement primaire
Authors: Berryman Tom
Published: February 2020

Cet article présente quelques réflexions émergeant d’une recherche doctorale focalisée sur les enjeux de l’institutionnalisation de l’éducation relative à l’environnement dans la formation initiale à l’enseignement primaire. Le texte présente d’abord l’ensemble de la recherche ainsi que quelques positions et clarifications permettant de mieux apprécier les pistes suggérées pour institutionnaliser une éducation relative à l’environnement dans la trajectoire obligatoire de la formation initiale à l’enseignement primaire. Dans un premier temps, l’étude de la genèse et de l’histoire de dispositifs de formation fortement institutionnalisés permet d’envisager des voies pour mettre en place et institutionnaliser la formation. Elle invite à un travail collectif réunissant des professeurs en formation initiale à l’enseignement primaire. Dans un second temps, l’étude du fonctionnement des dispositifs permet d’envisager des voies pour concevoir et vivre la formation. Elle invite à dégager un espace-temps de formation à l’enseignement qui accordera une place à l’environnement parmi les fondements de l’éducation en plus de celle parmi les didactiques.
Écoformation et éducation relative à l’environnement montagnard : entre territoire, nature et culture
Authors: Andreux Christophe
Published: February 2020

Dans un contexte professionnel d’éducation et de formation liée à l’environnement, comment favoriser la rencontre et le dialogue avec la montagne, avec l’éco (Oïkos = habitat) ? Comment explorer nos relations dialogiques et conscientiser l’écoformation vécue entre culture et nature montagnardes ? Comment la montagne symbolique contribue-t-elle à la construction d’un imaginaire à la fois individuel et social, source d’écoformation et base d’éducation relative à l’environnement (ErE) ? Ce questionnement sous-tend un grand nombre de préoccupations tant pédagogiques et environnementales que de développement de territoires montagnards. Une démarche de praticien-chercheur en formation apporte des éléments de réflexion à ce questionnement. Ceci permet de mettre en lumière des processus d’écoformation montagnarde entre nature et culture et souligne la pertinence de méthodes pédagogiques pour une ErE ancrée dans les cultures et territoires de montagne. Au regard des éléments ressortant de cette recherche, nous proposons l’accompagnement d’une écoformation et éducation montagnarde dans des démarches de rencontre transculturelle, pour nous enrichir de la diversité des façons de voir et de vivre le monde à travers la grande richesse de ses cultures et de ses territoires que nous devons préserver et valoriser.
Résistance, engagement et construction d’une écocitoyenneté critique
Authors: Orellana Isabel , Marleau Marie-Ève
Published: February 2020

Ce texte rend compte des principales réflexions qui émergent d’une recherche sur les processus d’éducation en matière d’écocitoyenneté générés au cœur des mobilisations sociales qui font face au déploiement de l’industrie extractive, plus particulièrement dans les cas des mégaprojets miniers Pascua Lama au Chili et Malartic au Québec. Il se penche sur les processus dynamiques associés à l’action collective de résistance dans ces contextes, mettant en évidence le potentiel fécond d’apprentissage et de maturation collective politique qui se forge au sein de ces mouvements de protestation.
Éducation et engagement : La participation de l’École à relever les défis environnementaux et de développement
Authors: Lange Jean-Marc
Published: February 2020

Cet article vise à proposer des repères théoriques permettant de penser et de dépasser les tensions, voire les contradictions, pouvant exister entre la volonté émancipatrice de l’éducation et la finalité d’engagement. Ces tensions seront examinées selon un cadre de pensée pragmatiste. Après avoir clarifié les principes et les caractéristiques d’un curriculum acceptable pour l’éducation au développement durable, nous examinerons les éléments d’un modèle anthropologique, pédagogique et didactique pour cette éducation. Ces éléments conduiront à proposer un schéma général permettant de rendre opératoire une finalité d’engagement au service d’une citoyenneté éco-responsable dans le cadre de l’institution scolaire. Des indicateurs permettront l’élaboration d’un indice synthétique capable de rendre compte des dynamiques éducatives à l’œuvre dans les projets de développement humain durable menés à l’échelle des établissements scolaires et des territoires.
Sensibiliser à l’environnement avec des animaux empaillés : Les trophées du Musée de la Chasse et de la Nature
Authors: Jeanne Antoine
Published: February 2020

Kitsch ou de mauvais goût il y a encore une dizaine d’années, la taxidermie s’impose désormais comme un objet muséographique, scientifique et décoratif légitime. On visite volontiers un muséum d’histoire naturelle pour ses taxidermies, on chine les animaux empaillés mis au rebut et on décore son chez-soi avec des trophées géométriques ou en peluche. Bref, la taxidermie a le vent en poupe (Dalla Bernardina, 2013).Profitant ou participant de ce retour de l’animal naturalisé et du trophée de chasse, les musées cynégétiques repensent la muséographie d’animaux dont l’origine (muséale) ne laisse aucun doute : la mise à mort. Aussi, à l’heure où les problématiques sont éco-logistes et animalistes, convient-il de questionner la pertinence de la monstration d’une dépouille animale a fortiori pour sensibiliser à l’environnement.Afin de réfléchir à cela, nous partirons des trophées du Musée de la Chasse et de la Nature pour étudier le paradoxe muséographique que représente l’exhibition d’un animal chassé pour en faire un hymne à la vie.
Les ressources déployées par des leaders du développement durable : Quelles leçons pour l’éducation relative à l’environnement ?
Authors: Pruneau Diane , Lang Mathieu , Kerry Jackie , Fortin Guillaume , Liboiron Linda
Published: February 2020

Aujourd’hui, lors d’ingénieux projets développement durable, des leaders planifient et implantent des pratiques et des lieux bénéfiques à l’environnement. Ces initiatives représentent une source féconde d’informations au sujet des compétences d’aménagement du milieu qu’il serait pertinent de développer chez nos élèves. L’étude, se situant dans la perspective de poursuivre la compréhension des compétences à développer en éducation relative à l’environnement, visait l’identification des ressources liées à l’aménagement écologique du milieu, déployées par des leaders participant à cinq projets de développement durable (en urbanisme et en foresterie durable). L’analyse d’un document et des données d’entrevues individuelles d’explicitation montre que les principales ressources (cognitives, sociales et affectives) déployées par les leaders interrogés, relèvent non seulement de la résolution de problèmes, mais également d’une planification créative, complexe, souple, longitudinale, expérientielle, adaptée, patiente, collaborative, humaniste et environnementale. L’étude, dont on présente les retombées en ERE, montre enfin que les leaders déploient des ressources associées aux individus créatifs.
Éducation relative à la consommation au primaire selon l’approche de philosophie pour enfants
Authors: Agundez-Rodriguez Adolfo
Published: February 2020

L’éducation relative à la consommation fait partie de l’éducation fondamentale dans le Programme de formation de l’école québécoise pour l’éducation primaire. Cette recherche doctorale1 répond à la problématique du manque de pistes et de matériel pour sa mise en œuvre dans les classes du Québec. Suivant la méthodologie de recherche de développement, son objectif est de développer une approche d’éducation relative à la consommation interdisciplinaire et visant l’action citoyenne, ainsi que l’élaboration d’un matériel pédagogique selon cette approche et suivant les principes du programme de Philosophie pour enfants. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent le potentiel d’une telle approche pour favoriser le développement de la pensée complexe à propos de la consommation et pour stimuler l’action réfléchie des enfants de troisième cycle du primaire dans leur milieu local, ainsi que l’intérêt d’élaborer du matériel pédagogique à partir d’une méthodologie de recherche rigoureuse.
Gamifying a Car's Servicescape
Authors: Eklund Andreas Aldogan
Published: February 2020

Research so far has explored and examined physical and digital servicescapes, but little is known about more abstract settings such as cars. Drawing from research on gamification and service marketing, this chapter explores the brand as game mechanics in a car's servicescape. The chapter uses a qualitative empirical case with a global car manufacturer to further anchor gamification with service marketing literature. The chapter reveals that the manufacturer strategically plans and designs the car's servicescape by employing the brand-related stimuli as game mechanisms in the interior. It also reveals that consumers do not actively participate in creating value in non-game contexts.
The Role of Community Participation in Fighting Schistosomiasis
Authors: Moumane Adil , Karmaoui Ahmed , Al Karkouri Jamal , Akchbab Jamal
Published: February 2020

In 2009, the Moroccan Ministry of Health in collaboration with the World Health Organization confirmed that the transmission of schistosomiasis had ceased in all previously endemic provinces of Morocco. This achievement couldn't have been achieved without the effective participation and engagement of local communities. In this chapter, studies of community participation strategies for schistosomiasis control in Akka oasis were reviewed. Southern Morocco was known to be a foci site for urinary schistosomiasis since 1937. Combined efforts between health officials and local community participation have achieved the elimination of this neglected tropical disease, where the last cases in these foci were recorded in the early 2000s. The results of this chapter can be used to increase awareness of the need for community participation in controlling neglected tropical diseases such as schistosomiasis.
Eigenvector Centrality-Based Mobile Target Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Meghanathan Natarajan
Published: February 2020

We propose an eigenvector centrality-based tracking algorithm to trace the trajectory of a mobile Radioactive Dispersal Device (RDD) in a wireless sensor network. The sink constructs an adjacency matrix in which the entry for edge (i, j) is the sum of the signal strengths reported by sensor nodes i and j in their respective neighborhoods over a sampling time period. The sink uses this adjacency matrix as the basis to determine the Eigenvector Centralities (EVC) of the vertices with respect to the radioactive signals sensed in the neighborhood. We hypothesize that sensor nodes that have a high EVC (suspect nodes) for the sampling time period are within the vicinity of the RDD within that period. We propose that the arithmetic mean (calculated by the sink) of the X and Y coordinates of the suspect sensor nodes be considered as the predicted location of the RDD at a time instant corresponding to the middle of the sampling time period. We evaluate the difference between the predicted and exact locations of the RDD trajectory over time as a function of different operating parameters.
Heuristic Based Coverage Aware Load Balanced Clustering in WSNs and Enablement of IoT
Authors: Singh Surjit , Sharma Rajeev Mohan
Published: February 2020

Integration of heterogeneous communication systems is the major objective of Future Internet. Heterogeneous systems such as wired and wireless assert the concept of Internet of Things (IoT). Communication standard protocols based global network of identical addressable interconnected resources conferred to IoT. In this article, it is described how wireless sensor networks (WSN) are one of the keys enabling the IoT. Clustering in WSNs plays an important role since it allows altering the network topology and helps in balancing of traffic loads. Load balancing improves the lifespan and scalability of the WSNs. Here, a heuristic approach, coverage aware load balanced clustering, has been developed in order to increase the lifespan of the WSNs. Moreover, simulation results are demonstrated for a sample network and the results show that the network lifespan has increased and simultaneously energy consumption is reduced compared to the other existing techniques.
Significance of Real-Time Systems in Intelligent Transportation Systems
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Manipriya , C. Mala , Mathew Samson
Published: February 2020

The advancements of several real-time system applications enable us to provide better solutions to day-to-day problems. One such real-time systems that has significantly enhanced its efficiency in aiding travelers to make commutation pleasant is the intelligent transportation system (ITS). There are several aspects of an ITS application that make it efficient and resourceful, but the major significant factor is its capability to provide services within a time constraint. This chapter aims to provide the basic concepts, background, and importance of dependability on distributed real-time systems in ITS using two applications for efficient traffic management. A novel automated traffic signal (ATS) is proposed that manages traffic flow by enumerating vehicle density of road segments using image processing techniques. The other proposed work involves the estimation of congestion rate (CONGRA) for given target area using the proposed hybrid vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). The details of the modules, implementation, and result analysis of the applications are discussed and presented.
Any Colour You Like
Authors: Trentin Luigi
Published: February 2020

The text starts from some observations on the role of color as an element of the language of cinema. In a particular way, two films are compared: Ran by Akira Kurosa and Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter…and Spring by Kim-duk KIm. The two films show how color can take on a narrative character, but according to two different point of view. The modern idea of color is clearly expressed in the first: the white light is split through Newton's prism and generates the primary colors: origin of the story and determination of the role of the characters. Pre-modern colors are expressed in the second film: they cannot be split because they belong to the physicality of things and cannot be mixed because their nature is chemically different. This difference exists even if we extend our observations to the world of materials. The prevalence of surface values brought into the project world has a perfect simulation situation of different materials that have a completely different nature inside. The text develops these considerations, showing how in a prevalence of the surface value of things.
Dietary supplementation of powdered and encapsulated probiotic: In vivo study on relative carcass, giblet weight and intestinal morphometry of local duck
Authors: Ardiansah Ilham , Sholiha Kholifatus , Sjofjan Osfar
Published: February 2020

This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of either powdered or encapsulated probiotic on relative carcass, giblet weight and intestinal morphometry of local duck. One hundred twenty male day old duck (DOD) were distributed to 6 different dietary groups, included 2 probiotic forms of either powdered (T1) or encapsulated (T2) and 3 levels: 0% (L0), 0.2% (L1), 0.4% (L2). They were reared using pen cages for 42 days (6 weeks). Observed variables were relative carcass, giblet weight (gizzard, heart, liver) and intestinal morphometry (villus height, villus width, crypt depth). Data were analyzed by Nested of Completely Randomized Design ANOVA and if there was significant effect followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed that there was no significant effect (p > 0.05) of the form of either powdered or encapsulated probiotic on relative carcass, giblet weight, and intestinal morphometry. However, increasing level of probiotic have significant effect (p < 0.05) on relative carcass, villus height, and villus width, but did not significantly affect giblet weight and crypt depth. In conclusion, supplementation of either powdered or encapsulated probiotic has similar result, but it is suggested to use 0.4% of encapsulated probiotic (4 kg ton-1 of feed) in local duck diet.
Natural and synthetic pigments in diet of Japanese quails
Authors: Valentim Jean kaique , Bittencourt Tatiana Marques , Lima Heder José D'Àvilla , Barros Fernanda Keller Queiroz , Almeida Guilherme Resende de , Ziemniczak Henrique Momo
Published: February 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate productive performance and egg quality of Japanese quails (Cortunix japonica) fed with synthetic and natural pigments. The treatments used were: 0.8% paprika extract (Capsicum annuum), 0.8% marigold flower extract, 4% paprika extract and 4% marigold flower extract and 0.045% synthetic pigment (Canthaxanthin) in feed. A total of 240 Japanese quails at 20 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and six replicates, with eight quails per experimental unit (30 experimental units). There was no difference (p > 0.05) for the evaluated parameters, except for yolk color which showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between the treatments used. The inclusion of 0.8% natural pigments in diet of Japanese quails can be used to substitute canthaxathin because it is effective on improving yolk color without affect performance and the quails egg quality.
Urea and Tannin in multiple supplements: Ingestive behavior of grazing beef cattle
Authors: Araujo Hellen Patricia de Oliveira , Paula Nelcino Francisco de , Martello Hariany Ferreira , Teobaldo Ronyatta Weich , Pereira Luana Barros , Mora Lays Martins , Valentim Jean Kaique , Antunes Hellen Cristina Ferreira
Published: February 2020

This work was carried out to evaluate the inclusion of urea and tannin in multiple supplements on ingestive behavior of cattle in pasture. The experiment was taken in the Cattle Nutrition pasture of the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, in 4 x 4 Latin square design with a factorial arrangement 2 x 2 (with and without urea and with and without tannin). Four Nellore bulls were used, with average weight of 470 kg and an average age of 20 months, randomly divided in: Supplement without urea and without tannin, Supplement without urea and with tannin, supplement with urea and without tannin, and supplement with urea and with tannin. The level of supplementation used was 1% of body weight during the dry period of the year. The experiment lasted 80 days in total, divided into four periods of 20 days each and every where, the 14 first days were intended for the adaptation of animals to the add-in and the 6 days left to collect samples. Bulls were visually observed for two days during 12 consecutive hours, morning and evening shifts recital. The variables studied were: grazing time, idle time, time of rumination, length of stay in the trough and length of stay at a watering hole.The inclusion of urea to cattle supplement in grazing reduced the grazing time and increased time spent in the trough. The addition of tannin did not influence ingestive behavior.
Analysis of Carbon Nanomaterials Produced by the Electric Arc Methods
Authors: Shomakhov Zamir V. , Apekov Aslan M. , Dyshekova Aminat Kh. , Beshaliev Musa Kh. , Ksenofontov Alexander S. , Arvanova Saniyat M. , Karmokov Ahmed M. , Ozhiganova Marina I.
Published: February 2020

This article presents elemental and phase analysis results of carbon soot samples obtained by electric arc method in a environment of helium, argon and the initial sample. Also analysis results of samples after extraction of carbon nanomaterials are presented (CNM)
European regulatory framework for the clinical translation of bioprinted scaffolds and tissues
Authors: Di Pietro Licia , Ravizza Alice , Vozzi Giovanni , Diaz Lantada Andrés , Ahluwalia Arti , De Maria Carmelo
Published: February 2020

Tissue Engineering and Regenerative medicine, empowered by Biofabrication technologies, hold the premises to provide solutions to unmet clinical needs, such as organ donor shortage or genetic diseases. These huge advancements are determining a changing scenario, with a quite confusing understanding about the steps toward the clinical translation of new researches and products, giving as result an overestimation or an underestimation of the required in vitro and in vivo tests for their validation. The proper definition and classification of the research products can be considered an action toward the refinement of animal experiments. An appropriate classification is crucial because the complications due to the combination of biological and non-biological materials need the application of specific rules. This paper aims at helping the academic and industrial community to clarify the identification and classification of their research products.
Biomechanical simulations and 3D printing for endovascular device testing
Authors: Conti Michele , Marconi Stefania , Auricchio Ferdinando
Published: February 2020

Endovascular aortic repair is a minimally invasive procedure to treat aortic diseases such as aneurysms and dissections. Thanks to technological advancements, such procedure has steadily shifted from the abdominal aorta towards the ascending part, i.e., near the heart, calling for an extensive and comprehensive benchmarking of (novel) endografts. Given such considerations, we have exploited porcine aorta with a pulse duplicator to analyse the mechanical interaction between the endovascular device and the native tissue. Our results have implications for using the porcine aorta as a model for human aorta in research. Particularly, the combination of in vitro tests performed using ex-vivo tissue, integrated validated patient-specific numerical simulations, mock arteries manufactured by 3D printing, can offer important insight on biomechanical impact of endograft design on post-operative aortic mechanical response.
Refinement of laboratory animal welfare
Authors: Gazzano Angelo , Mariti Chiara
Published: February 2020

In order to achieve an effective refinement of animal welfare, it is necessary to intervene on all phases of the experimental process: animal housing, experiment, rehoming of animals that have undergone experimentation, with an active intervention by researchers and veterinary surgeons. It is crucial to know the ethology of the hosted animal species, in order to house animals in a physical and social environment that is as similar as possible to the environment in which that species live in natural conditions. A particular care must be devoted to experimental phase in which animal welfare is at greatest risk: a careful control by the veterinarian is necessary to identify the slightest signs of pain in the animal, intervening with an adequate analgesic therapy. At the end of the experimental phase, once the state of good health has been recovered, animals can be rehomed.
The Observatory on LAkes (OLA) database: Sixty years of environmental data accessible to the public
Authors: Rimet Frédéric , Anneville Orlane , Barbet Denis , Chardon Cécile , Crépin Laura , Domaizon Isabelle , Dorioz Jean-Marcel , Espinat Laurent , Frossard Victor , Guillard Jean , Goulon Chloé , Hamelet Valérie , Hustache Jean-Christophe , Jacquet Stéphan , Lainé Leslie , Montuelle Bernard , Perney Pascal , Quetin Philippe , Rasconi Serena , Schellenberger Antoine , Tran-Khac Viet , Monet Ghislaine
Published: February 2020

Lakes are essential ecosystems that provide a large number of ecosystem services whose quality is strongly impacted by human pressures. Optimal uses of lakes require adapted management practices which in turn rely on physico-chemical and biological monitoring. Long-term ecological monitoring provides large sets of environmental data. When such data are available, they have to be associated to metadata and to be stored properly to be accessible and useable by the scientific community. We present a data informatics system accessible to anyone who requests it. Maintained online since 2014 (https://si-ola.inrae.fr), it is originated from the Observatory on LAkes (OLA). It contains long-term data from 4 peri-alpine lakes (Lakes Aiguebelette, Annecy, Bourget, Geneva/Léman) and 24 high-altitude lakes of the northern French Alps. We describe the generated long-term data series, the data type, the methodologies and quality control procedures, and the information system where data are made accessible. Data use is allowed under the condition of providing reference to the original source. We show here how such a platform clearly enhances data sharing and scientific collaboration. Various studies referring to these data are regularly published in peer-reviewed journals; providing in fine a better understanding of lakes’ ecosystems functioning under local and global pressures.
Новый класс точных решений в плоской нестационарной задаче о движении жидкости со свободной границей
Authors: Zhuravleva Elena Nikolaevna , Zubarev Nikolai Mikhailovich , Zubareva Ol'ga Vladimirovna , Karabut E A
Published: February 2020

Рассмотрена классическая задача о потенциальном нестационарном течении идеальной несжимаемой жидкости со свободной границей. Ранее было обнаружено, что в отсутствие внешних сил и капиллярности широкий класс точных решений задачи может быть описан уравнением Хопфа для комплексной скорости. Здесь найден новый класс решений, который описывается уравнением Хопфа для величины, обратной комплексной скорости. Эти решения описывают эволюцию двумерных возмущений свободной границы при сжаии/расширении круглой (в невозмущенном состоянии) полости в жидкости.
Интегрируемая модель взаимодействия встречных слабонелинейных волн на границе жидкости в горизонтальном электрическом поле
Authors: Zubarev Nikolai Mikhailovich , Kochurin Evgenii Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2020

Рассмотрена нелинейная динамика свободной поверхности диэлектрической жидкости с высокой проницаемостью, находящейся в сильном горизонтальном электрическом поле. В рамках слабонелинейного приближения, когда углы наклона границы считаются малыми и в уравнениях движения учитываются лишь квадратично нелинейные по параметру малости слагаемые, получено компактное модельное уравнение для описания нелинейных волновых процессов в системе. С его использованием аналитически и численно исследовано взаимодействие распространяющихся в противоположных направлениях уединенных поверхностных волн. В частности, продемонстрировано, что встречные волны после взаимодействия восстанавливают свою форму, приобретая при этом некоторый сдвиг фаз. Установлено, что эти свойства модели обусловлены ее интегрируемостью.
Продольные объемные солитоны деформации в гиперупругом стержне с квадратичной и кубической нелинейностями
Authors: Garbuzov Fedor Evgen'evich , Bel'tyukov Yaroslav Mikhailovich , Khusnutdinova Karima R
Published: February 2020

В рамках общей теории слабо нелинейной упругости, приводящей к модели с квадратичной и кубической нелинейностями, исследуются длинные нелинейные объемные волны продольной деформации в гиперупругом стержне круглого сечения. Выведены расширенные уравнения типа уравнений Буссинеска и Кортевега-де Фриза, и с помощью почти тождественных преобразований построено семейство их приближенных слабо нелинейных солитонных решений. Эти решения сравниваются с результатами прямого численного моделирования нелинейной задачи в ее исходной постановке. Наблюдается отличное согласие в пределах асимптотической области применимости решений (в случае волн малой амплитуды), но их применимость также распространяется за эти пределы (на случай волн умеренной амплитуды), где приближенные решения можно использовать как очень хорошее начальное условие. В частности, удается получить устойчиво распространяющийся солитон с плоским верхом.
Релаксационные циклы в модели двух слабо связанных осцилляторов со знакопеременной запаздывающей обратной связью
Authors: Kashchenko Aleksandra Andreevna
Published: February 2020

Рассматривается нелокальная динамика модели, описывающей два слабо связанных осциллятора с нелинейной финитной запаздывающей обратной связью. Модели такого типа встречаются в прикладных задачах радиофизики, оптики и нейродинамики. Ключевое предположение состоит в том, что множитель перед нелинейностью является достаточно большим. Это предположение позволяет применить специальный асимптотический метод большого параметра. С помощью этого метода исследование вопросов существования, асимптотики, устойчивости релаксационных циклов исходной бесконечномерной системы сведено к изучению динамики построенного конечномерного отображения. Исследована динамика этого отображения, построена асимптотика релаксационных циклов исходной системы, сделан вывод о мультистабильности.
An investigation on hygroscopic properties of 15 black carbon (BC) from different carbon sources: Roles of organic and inorganic components
Authors: Wang Minli , Chen Yiqun , Fu Heyun , Qu Xiaolei , Li Bengang , Tao Shu , Zhu Dongqiang
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The hygroscopic behavior of black carbon (BC) has a significant impact on global and regional climate change. However, the mechanism and factors controlling the hygroscopicity of BC from different carbon sources are not well understood. Here, we systematically measured the equilibrium and kinetics of water uptake by 15 different BC (10 herb-derived BC, 2 wood-derived BC, and 3 soot) using gravimetric water vapor sorption method combined with in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). In the gravimetric analysis, the sorption/desorption equilibrium isotherms were measured under continuous-stepwise water vapor pressure conditions, while the kinetics was measured at a variety of humidity levels obtained by different saturated aqueous salt solutions. The equilibrium water uptake of the BC pool at high relative humidity (> 80 %) positively correlated to the dissolved mineral content (0.01–13.0 wt %) (R2 = 0.86, P = 0.0001) as well as the content of the thermogravimetrically analyzed organic carbon (OCTGA, 4.48–15.25 wt %) (R2 = 0.52, P = 0.002) and the alkali-extracted organic carbon (OCAE, 0.14–8.39 wt %) (R2 = 0.80, P = 0.0001). In contrast, no positive correlation was obtained with the content of total organic carbon or elemental carbon. Among the major soluble ionic constituents, chloride and ammonium were each correlated with the equilibrium water uptake at high relative humidity. Compared with the herbal BC and soot, the woody BC had much lower equilibrium water uptake, especially at high relative humidity, likely due to the very low dissolved material content and OC content. The DRIFTS analysis provided generally consistent results at low relative humidity. The kinetics of water uptake (measured by pseudo-second order rate constant) correlated to the content of OCTGA and OCAE as well as the content of chloride and ammonium at low relative humidity (33 %), but to the porosity of bulk BC at high relative humidity (94 %). This was the first study to show that BC of different types and sources has greatly varying hygroscopic properties.
Biomass-burning-derived particles from a wide variety of fuels: Part 2: Effects of photochemical aging on particle optical and chemical properties
Authors: Cappa Christopher D. , Lim Christopher Y. , Hagan David H. , Coggon Matthew , Koss Abigail , Sekimoto Kanako , de Gouw Joost , Onasch Timothy B. , Warneke Carsten , Kroll Jesse
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Particles in smoke emitted from biomass combustion have a large impact on global climate and urban air quality. There is limited understanding of how particle optical properties – especially the contributions of black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) – evolve with photochemical aging of smoke. We analyze the evolution of the optical properties and chemical composition of particles produced from combustion of a wide variety of biomass fuels, largely from the Western U.S.. The smoke is photochemically aged in a reaction chamber over atmospheric-equivalent timescales ranging from 0.25–8 days. Various aerosol optical properties (e.g., the single scatter albedo, the wavelength dependence of absorption, and the BC mass absorption coefficient (MACBC)) evolved with photochemical aging, with the specific evolution dependent on the initial particle properties and conditions. The impact of coatings on BC absorption (the so-called lensing effect) was small, even after photochemical aging. The initial evolution of the BrC absorptivity (MACBrC) varied between individual burns, but decreased consistently at longer aging times; the wavelength-dependence of the BrC absorption generally increased with aging. The observed changes to BrC properties result from a combination of SOA production and heterogeneous oxidation of primary and secondary OA mass, with SOA production being the major driver of the changes. The SOA properties varied with time, reflecting both formation from precursors having a range of lifetimes with respect to OH and the evolving photochemical environment within the chamber. Although the absorptivity of BrC generally decreases with aging, the dilution-corrected absorption may actually increase from the production of SOA. These experimental results provide context for the interpretation of ambient observations of the evolution of particle optical properties in biomass combustion-derived smoke plumes.
Opportunistic evaluation of modelled sea ice drift using passively drifting telemetry collars in Hudson Bay, Canada
Authors: Togunov Ron R. , Klappstein Natasha J. , Derocher Andrew E. , Lunn Nicholas J. , Auger-Méthé Marie
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Sea ice drift plays a central role in the Arctic climate and ecology through its effects on the ice cover, thermodynamics, and energetics of northern marine ecosystems. Due to the challenges of accessing the Arctic, remote sensing has been used to obtain large-scale longitudinal data. These data are often associated with errors and biases that must be considered when incorporated into research. However, obtaining reference data for validation is often prohibitively expensive or practically unfeasible. We used the motion of 20 passively drifting high-accuracy GPS telemetry collars originally deployed on polar bears, Ursus maritimus, in western Hudson Bay, Canada to validate a widely used sea ice drift dataset produced by the National Snow and Ice Data Centre (NSIDC). Our results showed that the NSIDC model tended to underestimate the horizontal and vertical (i.e. u and v) components of drift. Consequently, the NSIDC model underestimated magnitude of drift, particularly at high ice speeds. Modelled drift direction was unbiased, however was less precise at lower drift speeds. Research using these drift data should consider integrating these biases into their analyses, particularly where absolute ground speed or direction is necessary. Further investigation is required into the sources of error, particularly in under-examined areas without in situ data.
A construção dos direitos fundamentais no Brasil: entre Constituições estrangeiras e Direito Internacional
Authors: Dal Ri Luciene , Schmidt Felipe
Published: February 2020

A similaridade entre os direitos reconhecidos nos instrumentos internacionais de direitos humanos e em constituições nacionais é explicada por meio de posicionamentos dissonantes na doutrina, fomentando o objetivo de verificação da possível influência desses instrumentos sobre o constitucionalismo nacional. A análise da similaridade e das possíveis influências ocorreu por meio do método comparativo sincrônico e denotou maior tradição nacional e influência de constituições estrangeiras do que de direito internacional. Esse resultado denota o dualismo do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro na recepção de normas internacionais, evidencia a teoria que os instrumentos internacionais de direitos humanos são mais fruto de um constitucionalismo global do que um modelo constitucional, bem como indica a abertura brasileira aos instrumentos internacionais de direitos humanos, principalmente após o fim da ditadura militar.
IMPACTOS DO DESMATAMENTO PROGRESSIVO DA AMAZÔNIA NA PRECIPITAÇÃO DO BRASIL
Authors: Amorim Tamiris Xavier , Senna Mônica Carneiro Alves , Cataldi Marcio
Published: February 2020

A Floresta Amazônica possui importância indispensável para o equilíbrio terrestre, pois proporciona diversos serviços ambientais. O desmatamento é uma ameaça imediata a este ecossistema, pois afeta os níveis de evapotranspiração da floresta, tornando o clima local mais quente e seco; podendo influenciar no clima além de seus limites, devido à circulação atmosférica. Este estudo avalia os efeitos de longo prazo do desmatamento progressivo da Amazônia sobre a precipitação no Brasil, através do modelo CCM3-IBIS. Os resultados encontrados mostraram anomalias negativas com maior intensidade nos meses de setembro, outubro e novembro afetando o regime de chuvas em grande parte das Regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Já as anomalias anuais mostraram a influência da localização da floresta sobre as áreas que tiveram os índices pluviométricos reduzidos, em praticamente toda a Região Norte, leste da Região Nordeste e norte da Região Centro-Oeste. Além disso, os resultados de anomalias negativas anuais demonstraram que o impacto do desmatamento não é linear, pois no cenário de desmatamento total foram observadas anomalias negativas menos intensas que no cenário onde 60% da floresta foi transformada em pastagem. Em contrapartida, nas Regiões Sudeste e Sul prevaleceram as anomalias positivas de precipitação.
Global policies on assistive robots for care of the elderly: A scoping review
Authors: Plaschka Christina , Sawchuck Diane , Orr Timothy , Bailey Thomas , Waterhouse Dawn , Livingston Nigel
Published: February 2020

The elderly are the fastest growing portion of the world population. The majority of elderly want to remain independent as long as possible, with responsibility for their care often falling to family or caregivers. Assistive robots could help maintain independence in the elderly while relieving the burden of care on families and healthcare professionals. This scoping review seeks to examine the type and scope of global policies on the use of robotic technology for care of the elderly in international jurisdictions and to assess how they align with current Canadian policies. This review also seeks to determine current perceptions on the use of robotics in care of the elderly and potential barriers to their use that policy makers could encounter. A comprehensive literature search was conducted for articles related to robotic care of the elderly, perceptions of robotic care of the elderly and related policies, using a global lens. A three-step strategy was used to review and identify articles. The search identified 10 primary and secondary studies and 13 grey literature sources. Studies reported that response to robotic care for the elderly had both positive and negative aspects, and that concerns around privacy and cost were prevalent. Japan and the EU had the most comprehensive policy strategies and proposals. Robotic policy in healthcare is relatively new but will become increasingly important in the coming years. Canada needs to strengthen and anticipate its national policy strategy to ensure it can stay aligned with the fast pace of technological change. Further robust research should continue to explore potential for, and concerns over robotic care.
On and Off Script: A Teacher’s Adaptation of Mandated Curriculum for Refugee Newcomers in an Era of Standardization
Authors: Hos Rabia , Kaplan-Wolff Beth
Published: February 2020

English Learners (ELs) make up 9.6% of the total student population in the U.S. (National Center for Education Statistics, 2019). Students with interrupted formal education (SIFE) are a subgroup of ELs who have had at least two fewer years of schooling than their peers, and function at least two years below grade level in reading and mathematics (DeCapua, Smathers, & Tang, 2007). To meet the demands of high stakes testing, schools have been increasingly implementing commercially published, scripted programs for ELs/SIFE (Reeves, 2010). Against this backdrop of the standards-driven and testing-based system, this article reports one of the key findings of a yearlong classroom ethnography of SIFE in an urban public secondary school in the United States, focusing on the experiences of the students and their teacher with two types of curriculum. Drawing on critical theory and culturally relevant/responsive pedagogy, the data tools include classroom observations, interviews with students and the teacher, and the videos of classroom interactions. Findings from our analysis demonstrate that the teacher played an active role in ensuring students learning through her role as a negotiator of the scripted curriculum. This study reaffirms that teachers can find ways to resist the totalizing effects of scripted curriculum.
Factors Affecting the Discharge Destination of Patients With Spinal Bone Metastases
Authors: Akezaki Yoshiteru , Nakata Eiji , Kikuuchi Masato , Sugihara Shinsuke
Published: February 2020

Objective To investigate the factors affecting the discharge destination of patients with spinal bone metastases.Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients admitted to our institute with a diagnosis of skeletalrelated events secondary to malignant disease. Exclusion criteria comprised decreased cognitive function and hypercalcemia, brain metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, and pleural dissemination. The factors examined included the discharge destination, age, sex, the Barthel Index (BI) at admission and discharge, pain at admission and discharge, number of co-resident household members, length of hospital stay, treatment strategy, spinal instability neoplastic score, vertebral body collapse, spinal level of bone metastases, and motor paralysis. For the discharge destination, patients at discharge were grouped into two categories. The home group included patients discharged to their own homes, and the non-home group included patients discharged to other hospitals.Results Of 140 patients, the home group comprised 120 patients and the non-home group comprised 20 patients. Activities of daily living (ADL) and pain at rest and during motion improved significantly in the home group, whereas only pain at rest and during motion improved significantly in the non-home group. The results indicated that discharge BI and motor paralysis were the best predictors of the discharge destination; a BI cut-off value of 72.5 predicted discharge to home.Conclusion This study showed that the ADL level on discharge and motor paralysis affected the discharge destination of patients with spinal bone metastases. These results are likely to be helpful in predicting the discharge destination of patients with spinal bone metastases.
Effect of Personal and Social Responsibility-Based Social-Emotional Learning Program on Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Arikan Neslihan
Published: February 2020

Programs for social-emotional learning implemented in schools are important in terms of improving students’ emotional and social skills. In the study, a 16-week program was prepared using the Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) model based on the Personal and Social Responsibility Model (TPSR). The program was implemented in three different school types and the effect of the TPSR-SEL program on the emotional intelligence levels of the students was examined according to the school types. The research group was composed of 162 students in total who study at Anatolian High School (n=55), Vocational Technical Anatolian High School (n=51) and Sports High School (n=56) in Afyon province. In research, pattern with experimental pre-test final-test control group was used. Experiment and control groups were formed in all three-school types. The 16-week TPSR-SEL program was applied to the students in the experimental groups and the current curriculum was applied to the students in the control groups. The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEI-S) was used as a data tool. Standard deviation—mean and Two-Way Covariance Analysis (Two-Way ANCOVA) was used for data analysis. As a result of the descriptive statistics, it was determined that there were significant differences between the SEI-S total scores of the experiment and control groups, that there was a significant increase in the final-test total scores of the students in experiment group in all three types of schools, and that the total scores of the control group students remained at the same level. In addition, it was found that the joint effects of participation in the TPSR-SEL program and school type on emotional intelligence scores were significant.
Utilizando Análise de Sentimentos para Definição da Homofilia Política dos Usuários do Twitter durante a Eleição Presidencial Americana de 2016
Authors: Caetano Josemar Alves , Lima Hélder Seixas , dos Santos Mateus Freira , Marques-Neto Humberto Torres
Published: February 2020

Este trabalho propõe uma análise da homofilia política entre usuários do Twitter durante a eleição presidencial americana de 2016. Os tweets, perfis de usuários e suas redes de contatos foram coletados para este estudo ao longo de 122 dias (01/08/2016 até 30/11/2016). Considerando a base de dados coletada, o sentimento em relação aos candidatos Donald Trump e Hillary Clinton foi utilizado para a análise da homofilia. Os resultados mostraram que existe maior homofilia entre usuários que compartilham sentimento negativo em relação a ambos candidatos, sendo mais evidente no caso do candidato Donald Trump. Os resultados também mostraram que existe maior heterofilia entre usuários que não manifestaram sentimento em relação aos dois candidatos.
Seleção de Técnicas de Mineração de Dados para Segmentação de Mercado
Authors: de Magalhães Gabriel G. M. S. , Lima Fernanda , Santos Eduardo F. , Junior Paulo , Rosa Lucas
Published: February 2020

O processo de segmentação de mercado é utilizado para obter conhecimento sobre os consumidores e ajudar na construção de estratégias de marketing mais específicas. Sendo a Agência Espacial Brasileira uma organização pública dependente de investimento, é preciso conhecer o perfil do cidadão interessado para validar se os investimentos realizados no Programa Espacial estão chegando a seu conhecimento. Existem trabalhos que tratam da aplicação de mineração de dados para processos de segmentação de mercado, porém, estão espalhados pela literatura. O trabalho busca, de maneira sistemática, encontrar uma possível classificação das técnicas de mineração de dados que vêm sido empregadas para processos de segmentação de mercado. A análise das técnicas encontradas apresenta como resultado uma proposta de classificação das técnicas de mineração de dados para segmentação de mercado a ser aplicada ao perfil da população de interesse do Programa Espacial Brasileiro.