bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation on performance of cold storage box enveloped with phase change materials
Authors: Gunawati  , Dongoran A H , Setiawan A
Published: July 2019

Retailing temperature-sensitive-products such as sausages, milk, fishes, poultry, etc. requires extra energy for cooling. It is necessary to develop an-energy-efficient-design of cold storage box to preserve these products during transportation and retailing. This research aims to study the heat flow, temperature distribution and temperature changes within a 5 litter cold box featured by phase change material (PCM). The study begins with design and fabrication of cold box followed by testing and evaluation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. As energy storage, there are four models of 300 ml plastic-bottle filled with PCM i.e (i) plain bottles without holes and grooves, (ii) bottles with one hole, (iii) two-holes bottles with curvatures, and (iv) bottles with four holes without curvatures. There are two type of PCM was prepared to observe the temperature changes in the box, 100 % H2O and 10 vol.% NaCl in H2O. Experimental results show that adding 10 vol.% of NaCl enhances the effectiveness of energy discharging by 73% compared with pure water. CFD simulation explains in detail the temperature distribution and heat flow pattern of each PCM bottles types highlighting an important influence of the shape and number of holes on the rate of heat flow. The best performance of cold box is exhibited by 10% NaCl in H2O filled into plain bottle.
The effect of active layer thickness on P3HT:PCBM nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic device performance
Authors: Ulum M S , Sesa E , Kasman  , Belcher W
Published: July 2019

The effect of active layer thickness on the performance of nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic (NP-OPV) devices based on Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as electron donor and 6,6-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) as electron acceptor is reported. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) is observed to peak for active layer thickness of around 100 nm, which is very similar to that obtained for bulk heterojunction devices. Increasing the thickness of the active layer beyond of 100 nm decreases the short circuit current, lowering PCE. Decrease in short circuit current and hence device efficiency of NP-OPV devices is due to the serial resistance of the device increase.
Study of ocean wave characteristics in Lembasada, Donggala District, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Labania H M D , Mudin Y , Rahman A , Sunarto  , Khakhim N , Pranowo W S
Published: July 2019

This study discusses the characteristics of ocean waves in Lembasada waters, Banawa Selatan, Donggala District, Central Sulawesi. The characteristics of ocean waves are related to significant wave height and peak period. This study was conducted by utilizing the reanalysis data from ECMWF 1996, 2008, 2015 and bathymetry data from Seamap. The analysis is done by observing seasonal variability in the presence of ENSO and ordinary effects. Based on the results obtained, indicating that in the normal year without any ENSO influence, the wave height in these waters is likely to follow a seasonal pattern, with significant wave height lower than the ENSO effect.
Synthesis of nano crystal TiO2 with modified commercial powder of TiO2
Authors: Syamsu  , Darwis D , Maddu A
Published: July 2019

Nano crystal TiO2 was synthesized by modifying the TiO2 powder (Merck). The powder of TiO2 was stirred in 1M HCl solution for 2 hours, and then added ammonia solution (NH4OH). The suspension of TiO2 is spread evenly over the substrate glass and then heated to a different temperature. The structure and optical properties of TiO2 layer were examined using XRD to see the TiO2 crystal structure and size in heating temperature threatment. The optical properties of TiO2 observation showing the absorption band edge shifted to the shorter wavelength, it means the energy of band gap increases to heating temperature.
Determining the potential of quartz sand in the Pasir Putih Village, District of Pendolo, Regency of Poso
Authors: Darwis D , Sesa E , Sandra S , Iqbal  , Rusli M , Samsiah L , Zurrohim A , Todan A , Bulala A S , Ranonto R H , Kurniawan A , Sakung N M , Ismiati N , Linggi M , Basri A , Landjoma D , Sahabuddin
Published: July 2019

This research aims to investigate the potential of quartz sand in Pasir Putih Village of Pamona Selatan District, Poso Regency. The research is conducted by using a method of geoelectrical resistivity with Schlumberger configuration. Mapping process was done at 37 points of measurement and calculated using IP2WIN software. Each measurement point is connected to 5 trajectories in order to map the potential distribution of quartz sand. The software of 3D RockWork is used to calculate the volume of white sand at the research area. The results obtained are detected white sand with a resistance value of 1000 Ωm - 140,000 Ωm to a depth of 100 meters below level ground for lanes 1 and 2 which is located adjacent to Poso Lake. The existence of white sand distribution decreases with distance away from Poso Lake (trajectory 3, trajectory 4 and trajectory 5). Calculated volume of quartz sand at this study location was 134.56 million m3 with measurement area of 2.151.498 m2.
Influence of annealing on structural and optical properties of n-TiO2 thin films grown by sol-gel spin coating
Authors: Gareso P L , Dwioknain E , Hardianti  , Heryanto  , Rauf N , Juarlin E
Published: July 2019

The influence of thermal annealing to the properties of n-TiO2 thin films fabricated by sol-gel spin coating has been investigated using X-ray diffraction (X-RD) and UV-Vis optical transmittance measurements. TiO2 thin films were prepared by dissolving TiO2 Nano-powders into a solvent of ethanol and it becomes sol-gel. The sol-gel of TiO2 was deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. Then, the TiO2 the thin films were inserted into tube furnace for annealing in the temperature range of 3000C to 5000C during 60 minutes. Based on the xray diffraction results, the crystal structure of TiO2 is anatase phase structures. The crystalline size of TiO2 films after annealing at 300°C was 46.6 nm and it slightly decreased to 46.2 nm after annealing at 500°C. The optical transmittance value of TiO2 film increased after annealing in comparison before annealing the TiO2 film.
Diversity of Zingiberaceae and traditional uses by three indigenous groups at Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Pitopang R , Damry  , Rusdi  , Hamzah B , Zubair M S , Amar A L , Fathurahman F , Basri Z , Poulsen A D
Published: July 2019

Research on gingers and their traditional uses by three different indigenous ethnic groups at Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia was carried out from February to June 2018. The objectives of the research was to gain information about the diversity of the family Zingiberaceae and its traditional uses by the Topo Baria, Toi Toro Muma and To Kaili Ledo people. Key informants were traditional healers (sando), traditional leaders (adat), community leaders, village leaders, religion leaders, government officers and crafts-people. The interviews were recorded using audio recorders and notebooks. Samples of plants were collected and photographed while recording the information. Response was obtained by “Snowball technique”. A total of 24 species of Zingiberaceae were used of which 19 were determined to species level. Eight species were collected from natural forest, while 14 were recorded from agricultural habitat. Four of the species were endemic to Sulawesi (Alpinia eremochlamys, A. rubricaulis, Etlingera acanthodes and E. flexuosa). Fourteen species were not native to Sulawesi but widely cultivated in the region. The information about the uses by the Topo Baria was not adequate whereas the contrary the Toi Toro Muma and To Kaili Ledo used several species for various daily purposes, such as medicine, spice, cosmetics, ornamentals, or to be eat freshly.
Acute toxicity test and LC50 value of mercury on tubifex tubifex
Authors: Widiastuti I M , Hertika A M S , Musa M , Arfiati D
Published: July 2019

Mercury is a heavy metal that has the highest toxicity. The toxicity of mercury will increase at the time of entry into the water. This study aims to determine the percentage of death Tubifex tubifex exposed to HgCl2 and determine LC50-48 hours of mercury in Tubifex tubifex worms. The study was divided into two stages, preliminary test and definitive toxicity acute test (LC50-48 h). Concentrations are used to test toxicities on a logarithmic scale. Observations were made every 24 hours for 48 hours. Mercury was detected by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) method. The results showed that the increase in Tubifex tubifex mortality was directly proportional to the increase in HgCl2 concentration. The use of probit obtained LC50-48 h at a mercury concentration of 83.15 ± 3.89 μg / L, can be categorized into heavy metals with high toxicity. The tendency of toxicity decreases with the length of exposure time.
The ability to adapt for ex situ conservation of anoa (Bubalus sp) through regulation of feeding pattern
Authors: Rusiyantono Y , Mumu M I , Duma Y
Published: July 2019

Anoa was an endemic animal in Central Sulawesi that has to be conserved. The aim of this research is to know an ability of adaptation anoa in ex situ conservation. This research used anoa come from natural habitats. Anoa has been domesticated with regulation of feeding. The first pattern, anoa gave feeding legume and grass. The second pattern, anoa gave feeding concentrate, legume and grass. The result showed anoa has ability to adapt with new environment. Based of observation on general behaviours, feeding behavior and normal frequency of respiration. The numbers of leucocyts (6500 cells) showed that there was no under pressure of environment to this creature. On the other hand, anoa showed no indication of stress with no disturbing for its environment. Daily average weight gain of male anoa was greater than female (0.055/kg/day and .045 kg/day, respectively). The addition of concentrate as a feeding gave positive result to get daily weight gain that were 0.061 kg and 0.055 kg, for male and female, respectively. In conclusion, anoa has ability for adaptation on conservation ex situ area.
Morphometric and geological features of potential karst depressions in Kanthan limestone formation, Malaysia
Authors: Zabidi H , Khalil N L , Anua N E Q M , Suri S
Published: July 2019

In Malaysia, limestones extensively outcrops in the northern half of Peninsular Malaysia, such as in Langkawi Islands, northern Perlis, Kinta Valley in Perak, southern Kelantan and Kuala Lumpur Valley in Selangor. Although these limestone formations vary considerably in geological age and tectonic setting they are very similar in chemical composition; being dense, recrystallized, and massive varieties of limestone with little impurity; these are more likely to develop large caverns within them. Currently, most of these limestones are continuously quarrying for the production of dimension stone, aggregate resources, and raw materials for cement industries, part of urban development infrastructure and could be foreseen as future potential reservoirs of high-quality groundwater. Nonetheless, the fragility of karst environments makes it highly vulnerable to a variety of different geological hazards. The aim of this study is to determine the geohazard susceptibility of karst depressions in Kinta Valley, Ipoh using morphometric measurement and joints properties calculations. The joint properties calculate include spacing, roughness, aperture, persistence, infilling and weathering. This study describes the field data measurements of few quarries in Kinta Valley, Ipoh to examine the morphometric and geological features of limestone karst in the area. The effect of geologic evolution, structural properties and hydrogeologic variables on the geomorphologic and spatial distribution of karst depressions are discussed in this study.
Analysis of shear wave velocity on rocks using microtremor refraction method (ReMi) in Watatu Village, South of Banawa, Donggala Regency
Authors: Sandra  , Simanna L , Jamidun  , Efendi R , Abdullah
Published: July 2019

The analysis of shear wave velocity on rocks in Watatu, South of Banawa, Donggala Regency using Microtremor Refraction Method (ReMi) has been conducted. The purpose of this research is to analyze the propagation velocity of shear wave on rocks layers up to 30 m in depth and to know the type of rock layer profiles in the study location. The method used was Microtremor Refraction using Surface Wave Analysis Wizard software and WaveEq software. The results showed that the rocks of trajectory 1 and trajectory 3 were classified into type E soft soil type with the respective including Vs30 values of 127.8 m/s for trajectory 1 and 98.9 m/s for trajectory 3. Then for trajectory 2 and trajectory 4 are classified into D type rocks i.e medium soil types with Vs30 values respectively on Track 2 of 235.1 m / s and for Lane 4 of 196.9 m/s.
Identification of hydrothermal deposit mineralized zones using the induced polarization method in Kasihan Area, Pacitan, East Java
Authors: Asrafil  , Suyanto I , Rugayya S
Published: July 2019

The research area is one of the areas that have potential of hydrothermal deposit mineralization in Pacitan regency. This research aims to identify the presence of hydrothermal deposit mineralized zones through geophysical exploration by using induced polarization method in the study area. The induced polarization method is used to obtain anomalies in the form of contrast of resistivity and chargeability values in the study area. The results showed that the mineralized zones of hydrothermal deposit in the study area were characterized by significant anomaly contrast with the intensity of medium-high (> 100 Ωm) resistivity values associated with medium-value chargeability (20-50 ms). The association of resistivity and other chargeability values shows an intense alteration zone around the metal mineral deposits zone in the subsurface.
Petrography and ore mineral study at Beruang Kanan Site, Gunung Mas Regency, Central of Kalimantan Province
Authors: Anjarwati R , Idrus A , Setijadji L D
Published: July 2019

The methodology mainly includes four parts: pre-field studies, field investigations, laboratory analysis, and data analysis and interpretation. Laboratory analysis to be carried out is petrographic analysis and ore microscope. Research methods relating to petrography analysis studies and ore mineral that will be evaluated for genetic models and the origin of copper deposition mineralization. The rock units in the study area are differentiated based on the type of lithology, uniformity of rocks, the distribution of rocks and rock geometry found in one region and the stratigraphic position of the units below it or above it. In general, the stratigraphy of the research area is divided into 3 rock units that can be seen on the geological map, sequences from old to young, namely lithology of Sandstone Unit, Dense Tuf Unit, and Andesite Unit. ore mineralization generally occurs as a massive form, vein. Pyrite, enargite, luzonite, sphalerite, covellite, chalcopyrite, tennatite and tetrahedtrite are common sulfides and sulfosal minerals
The integration of remote sensing and geoelectrical resistivity for identifying the distribution of groundwater potential in Palu City
Authors: Rusydi M , Basir-Cyio M , Efendi R , Ramaditya  , Rahmawati  , Maskur  , Nur R , Badaruddin
Published: July 2019

Groundwater distribution is one of the factors that can support the development of a region, including Palu City, which is the Capital of the Central Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted to find out the distribution of the groundwater potential in Palu City. The parameters used in remote sensing data were based on geomorphological factors, fertility, and vegetation density. Geomorphology used DEM data from SRTM imagery, while vegetation fertility usedunsupervised classificationmethod, and vegetation density used the NDVI method. The weight test of the three factors was conducted using the AHP method. The parameters of the geoelectrical resistivity usedWennerandSchlumbergerconfigurations. In remote sensing, the weighting results obtained the vegetation fertility of 39, vegetation density of 33, and geomorphology of 16. The Geoelectrical resistivity obtained the resistivity value of rocks of 10 - 69.66 Ωm as a layer of groundwater potential distribution. The high distribution of groundwater potential is generally in the Palu valley, while the moderate distribution is in the eastern hills and a small part in the western hills and the low distribution is in the western hills and eastern part of Palu City.
Potential energy of photon passes through cold mirror on photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator with artificial lights radiation
Authors: Mustofa  , Syafaruddin  , Djafar Z , Piarah W H
Published: July 2019

The amount of photon energy becomes a key parameter that determines the release of electron bonds which is often called a band-gap in photovoltaic cells (PV) to generate electricity. This paper presents the results of measurements of photon energy from radiation sources of artificial light Halogen, Incandescent and Xenon which aims to adjust the bad gap type of solar cell material. Simulations of measuring 50 watts of bulb radiation were carried out repeatedly with the Spectrometer sensor and the application software Spectragryph 1.2.8 on each electron Volt the bulb light. The incoming radiation form the bulb is concentrated with a Polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) Fresnel lens with an optimal light transmission capability of 92%. The results of this light transmission will be divided after illuminating at the Cold mirror (CM) spectrum splitterr, partly reflected in the PV module and partially transmitted to the thermoelectric generator (TEG) in the PV-TEG hybrid. The measurement of photons leading to PV show values of 2.2 and 2.4 eV for Halogen with Cadmium Sulfide that match the band-gap for the photon’s energy. While the Incandescent photon energy, it is more suitable with PV material in Silicon, Germanium and Indium nitride. For Xenon, it gives the effect of releasing electrons bond to Cadmium sulfide and band gap which is below 2.42 eV, such as CdSe, InN and Si. The maximum light intensity reflected by CM is emitted by a Xenon bulb, then Halogen and the lowest is Incandescent (50> 40> 36) a.u., respectively. Meanwhile, the energy of the photons transmitted to the TEG module illustrates a different trend, where the best Halogen is followed by the lowest then Xenon incandescent.
Sodium bicarbonate treatment of coir fiber on wettability and shear strength of coir fiber-epoxy composite
Authors: Bakri  , Putra A E E , Renreng I , Arsyad H , Mochtar A A
Published: July 2019

This research presented the influence of treated coir fiber with sodium bicarbonate on wettability and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of coir fiber-epoxy composite. Coir fibers were immersed in the solution of sodium bicarbonate with three different densities (8wt%, 10wt%, and 12wt %) for 24 hours and 120 hours. Epoxy resin was utilized as a matrix of composite. Wettability and IFSS of coir fiber-matrix adhesion were evaluated. Fiber wettability to the matrix was performed by measuring the droplet contact angle. In addition, the IFSS of coir fiber - epoxy matrix was investigated by pull out method. The surface morphology of interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix after pull out testing was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that fiber surface wettability was influenced by sodium bicarbonate where the contact angle decrease after treatment. It suggests that good wetting of fiber and matrix. While the density of 12 wt% sodium bicarbonate for 120 hours possessed the highest interfacial shear strength of fiber-epoxy adhesion compared with other densities.
Android based rice pest detection system using learning vector quantization method
Authors: Budiman A , Utomo P , Rahayu S
Published: July 2019

In Indonesia, rice was still an essential commodity. Aside from being a staple food producer of rice, as well as a primary source of livelihood for farmers. The problem often experienced by farmers was the threat of pest attack and cause massive losses; it could even lead to crop failures and harm the farmers. During this time to suppress the attacks of pest, farmers give pesticides which if it handles inappropriate would interfere with health. The best solution was to make detection system of pest attacks so could minimise the pest aggression. The limited knowledge and skills of farmers in the detection of rice crops made farmers prefer to spray pesticides. To facilitate farmers in detecting pest attacks, developed Android-based applications that were simple and easy to use device directly in the field using smartphone devices and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) Method. Farmers could use the application by taking pictures of rice plants that allegedly exposed to attacks with smartphones. The app would recommend alternative solutions to pest-infected plants without the use of pesticides.
Genetic diversity of Indonesian soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) germplasm based on morphological and microsatellite markers
Authors: Sulistyo A , Indriani F C , Mejaya M J , Sugiharto A N , Agranoff J
Published: July 2019

Genetic diversity on soybean germplasm will determine the success of the soybean breeding program. The purpose of this research was to study the diversity of Indonesian soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) germplasm based on agronomic traits and microsatellite markers in order to know the genetic relationship among the accessions. Genetic material used was 45 soybean accessions consisting of 14 genotypes introduced from nine countries, 26 landrace from 10 provinces in Indonesia, and five Indonesian high yield varieties. Morphological characterization performed on nine qualitative and four quantitative traits. The genetic relationships were estimated using three SSR markers. The results showed that cluster analysis based on agronomic traits clearly separate the soybean accessions of black seeds into one group with genetic distance range from 0.61 to 1. Other groups for accessions with yellow, green-yellowish and brown seed have genetic distance ranging from 0.46 to 1. Based on microsatellite markers, three primers showed polymorphism banding pattern. The number of alleles that are formed these three primers between four and five alleles with sizes ranged from 200 bp to 800 bp. Cluster analysis based on microsatellites markers showed that the genetic distance of 45 accessions ranged from 0.61 to 1.
A review: Biomass-based fuel pellet usage in biomass gasifier-an optimization on non-wood material
Authors: Andriani D , Atmaja T D , Arifin M , Rajani A , Kusnadi
Published: July 2019

Biomass gasifier is one of many trends in sustainable energy exploration to compete with solar and wind. The fuel was commonly dominated by wood-based pellet which has high-quality parameters such as pellet size, pellet durability, tar content, heating value, and ash content. However, non-wood fuel sources should also be considered since they have readability and no less quality parameter. This study was conducted to select and analyze the non-wood materials which are capable of fueling biomass gasifier. Shell pellet, wheat straw pellet, and miscanthus pellets were analyzed in this study to be attributed in a certain treatment. The treatments were included size reduction, gas heating, increasing durability, and ash content. The treatments have been proven to enhance the quality parameter of non-wood pellet. This result had ensured the improvement of biomass gasifier for no longer depending on wood pellet.
Effect of phosphoric acid pretreatment on characterization of gelatin from broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) bones
Authors: Yuliani D , Maunatin A , Jannah A , Fauziyyah H H
Published: July 2019

Broiler chicken [Gallus gallus domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758)] bone is one of the alternative sources of collagen to form gelatin. This research was attempted to extract and characterize broiler chicken bone gelatin. Chicken bones were pretreated with phosphoric acid in various concentrations and curing times. The concentration of phosphoric acid was 8 %, 9 % and 10 %, while the curing time was 12 h and 24 h. Then, gelatin was extracted and physicochemical properties examined. Gelatin was pretreated by phosphoric acid 9 % for 24 h produced the best physicochemical properties with (15.4 ± 0.94) % of yield. Moisture, ash content, and pH of chicken bones gelatin were (3.96 ± 1.46) %, (24.0 ± 6.36) %, and (5.74 ± 0.003) %, respectively. Other physiochemical properties were (372.29 ± 4.62) g bloom of gel strength, (54.21 ± 1.24) % of protein content, and (60.21 ± 0.72) % of emulsion stability. Infrared spectra of chicken bones gelatin had the most with vibration peak at the wave number of 1 639 cm −1 to the amide I, of 1 545 cm −1 to the amide II, of 1 129 cm −1 to the amide III, of 2 292 cm −1 to the amide B, and 3 456 cm −1 to the amide A.
Long-term Proton Pump Inhibitors induces recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A case study
Authors: Cokro F , Arrang S T
Published: July 2019

A 28 y.o. woman with dyspepsia had been taking proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for about seven months. After that, she experienced recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI), which she never experienced before. There was three episodes of UTI requiring antibiotic occurred, those are in January 2017, February 2017, and May 2017. During those episodes, she took once to twice daily dose of PPI regularly due to dyspepsia which she had experienced since July 2016. After stopping the PPI medication in August 2017, she had no single episodes of UTI (until June 2018). Based on patient prognosis in this case, there might be possibility that the patient developed recurrent UTI after long-term use of PPI. The mechanism is unclear but it seems that PPI induced hypomagnesemia, and then influences immune system, causing urinary tract infections.
Molecular docking, drug-likeness, and ADMET study of 1-benzyl-3-benzoylurea and its analogs against VEGFR-2
Authors: Suhud F , Tjahjono D H , Yuniarta T A , Putra G S , Setiawan J
Published: July 2019

In silico study was performed to predict the possibility of 1-benzyl-3-benzoylurea and 22 analogs as anticancer drug candidates, via VEGFR2 inhibition. Molecular docking studies against VEGFR2 receptor revealed that all of designed compounds have better score than the lead compound, of which three analogs (p-nitro, p-methoxy, and p-ethyl) were considered optimal among other compounds (< -90 kcal mol−1). However, this result was not comparable to lenvatinib, which acts as native ligand of the receptor (-118.62 kcal mol−1). Docking poses analysis showed that 1-benzyl-3-benzoylurea analogs failed to completely occupy VEGFR2 binding site. Therefore, it is argued that this has caused the non-optimal docking score of designed compounds. Furthermore, these compounds passed five different drug-likeness criteria successfully and were predicted to be orally bioavailable in rat. Ultimately, most of the analogs were predicted to have good ADMET characteristics, notably in terms of GI absorption and the absence of P-gp interaction, and low toxicity in rat. This study can be used as a starting point to validate this model by synthesis, in vitro and in vivo assay to validate the activity of 1-benzyl-3-benzoylurea and its analogs as potential anticancer candidate.
Coffee reduced the production of neutrophil superoxide radical in vitro
Authors: Susilawati I D A , Safaatin A , Burlakovs J
Published: July 2019

Stimulated neutrophil is the main source of oxidants/free radicals, that might contribute to the state of oxidative stress. Coffee has been well known to have a high antioxidant capacity, therefore it was plausible to hypothesize that coffee might reduce oxidants/radicals produced by neutrophil. This study aimed to analyze effect of coffee on superoxide radical produced by neutrophil in vitro. This study was conducted experimentally using the post test only control group design. Neutrophil was isolated from healthy human peripheral blood. Superoxide radical production was analyzed by NBT (nitro blue tetrazolium) assay. Results showed that coffee significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of neutrophils that produce superoxide radicals. In conclusion, coffee demonstrated antioxidant capacity against neutrophil superoxide radicals.
Potency of Fibraurea tinctora Lour. extract as anti-bacterial agents towards pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Zalizar L , Rahayu I D , Sujono  , Nor Y A
Published: July 2019

This research aimed to explore antibacterial activity of Fibraurea tinctora Lour. extracted by ethanol and hot water. The treatments of study consisted of six levels of F. tinctora plant extract (0 %, 0.625 %, 1.25 %, 2.50 %, 5.00 % and 10.0 %, respectively) either using ethanol or hot water, resulting in 12 experimental treatments according to 6 × 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Each of the treatment was replicated three times. Results of this research showed that either ethanol or hot water F. tinctora extract have potency to control farm pathogenic bacteria. In the lowest concentration (0.625 %) both extract significantly inhibited bacteria growth (Minimum Inhibition Concentration). The highest antibacterial activity was in group that had the highest concentration (10 %) of extract in both of the bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus were more susceptible to the F. tinctora extract than Escherichia coli. Result from spectrophotometry UV-vis assessments showed that the total composition of tannin, alkaloid, and saponin from ethanol extract of F. tinctoria is higher than its water based extract. Meanwhile, phenol composition of water-based extract from F. tinctoria is higher than from ethanol extract.
Prospect of Fe non-heme on coffee flour made from solid coffee waste: Mini review
Authors: Setyobudi R H , Zalizar L , Wahono S K , Widodo W , Wahyudi A , Mel M , Prabowo B , Jani Y , Nugroho Y A , Liwang T , Zaebudin A
Published: July 2019

Coffee flour (CF) from coffee pulp or husk, solid waste of coffee processing have launched in Canada since 2015. This product is claimed as certified of gluten-free, vegan, kosher, paleo, and non-GMO. Coffe flour is stated to contain three times Fe content than fresh spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Several receipts of cookies, donuts, and cakes using CF has been introduced as wheat flour substitution. However, the scientific publication of CF impact for health does not appear until August 2018 yet. A review has been carried out using data on Google with a maximum publication age of 15 yr. This Fe non-heme prospect is allegedly unable to be absorbed optimally by the organism. Coffee pulp and husk contain an inhibitor, such as caffeine, polyphenol, calcium, dietary fiber, manganese, magnesium, and zinc; which detain Fe absorption. On the other hand, the promoter/enhancer of Fe absorption such as vitamin C, vitamin A, and amino acid was decreased in CF processing. Several types of research have to be conducted to tackle this problem in Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University Muhammadyah of Malang, Indonesia.
Rapid reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography assay of Tert-butylhydroquinone content in food products
Authors: Sutanto S , Purwanto M G M
Published: July 2019

The use of antioxidant has been widely applied in food industry to maintain the product’s condition to the end consumer. Tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is a synthetic aromatic organic compound which is often used as antioxidant in food, especially oil product and its derivatives. The use of TBHQ in food products has been limited by the government in most countries, including Indonesia. Therefore, the need for a rapid method to assay the concentration of TBHQ in products is quite high in food industry. In this article, we propose a rapid reversed-phase HPLC method to assay TBHQ content in food products. The isocratic system using 1 % acetic acid and acetonitrile in 3:2 ratio with 1 mL min−1 flow rate produces good separation of TBHQ. Target peak was eluted in 5 min and the whole procedure only need maximum of 18 min to elute all the sample component. The LOD of the method was determined at 0.2 mg L−1, while the lower limit of quantification was 0.5 mg L−1. The accuracy of the method has been proved with acceptable recovery ranging from 95 % to 105 %.
Beauty in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Is Every Child a Pearl?
Authors: Thobaben James R , Rebecca Young Anna
Published: July 2019

All forms of beauty create appeal or enticement with moral significance. Sublime beauty draws one into a deep relationship that properly promotes the good and true. Parents tend to experience such beauty in their children, as eloquently described in works such as the 14th-century poem ‘The Pearl’, and they see this even when their children are desperately ill or dying. The experience of beauty in one’s child creates or reinforces the morality of caring. Unfortunately, at the end of modernity, the framing of beauty as only instrumental and subjective generally works against any recognition of dignity or respect for the very small pediatric patient. Practitioners who believe in the intrinsic value and dignity of persons as general concepts should recognize parental drawing toward their children as a particularization of a transcendental value.
Piss(ed): The Biopolitics of the Bathroom
Authors: Fischer Mia
Published: July 2019

This article analyzes two recent works by transgender performance artist Cassils, PISSED and Fountain (2017), which were created in response to the Trump administration's decision to rescind federal protections allowing transgender students to use the restroom of their choice. While Cassils primarily conceptualized PISSED/Fountain as a queering of binary, essentialist understandings of gendered embodiment, I draw on performance, queer, and critical ethnic studies to illustrate that these pieces simultaneously challenge other kinds of oppositional embodiments, particularly health versus disease and citizen versus alien and/or terrorist; conceptualizations the state frequently deploys to surveil and control marginalized populations. PISSED/Fountain offer audiences a new strategy for both exposing and contesting state violence: these pieces can be read as a politically strategic disidentification with the state's classification of certain bodies and their excretions as ``deviant'' and ``toxic'' in order to purposefully ``terrorize'' the state's bio- and necropolitical aims.
Host Plant Effects on Winter Moth (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) Larval Development and Survival
Authors: O’donnell Kaitlyn , Elkinton Joseph , Donahue Charlene , Groden Eleanor
Published: July 2019

The winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.) is an invasive forest and agricultural pest in North America that causes severe defoliation to a wide range of host species. This study examines the differential larval densities, development, and survival on seven host species in midcoast Maine: red oak (Quercus rubra L., Fagales: Fagaceae), apple (Malus domestica L., Rosales: Rosaceae) and crab apple (Malus sp. L., Rosales: Rosaceae), red maple (Acer rubrum L., Sapindales: Sapindaceae), pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L., Rosales: Rosaceae), white birch (Betula papyrifera L., Fagales: Betulaceae), wild lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustiflolium L., Ericales: Ericaceae), and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericales: Ericaceae). We also explore the degree of synchrony between selected host plants and larval hatch and its effect on survival. We found that densities, development, and survival were significantly greater on red oak (Quercus rubra) and apple (Malus sp.) than on all other target species and were lowest on pin cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica). We found low larval densities in open, wild lowbush blueberry fields; however, larvae successfully fed and developed on wild lowbush blueberry in a laboratory setting. This suggests that winter moth is a potential pest to wild lowbush blueberry in Maine if the outbreak expands to include areas with wild lowbush blueberry production.
Ascending aorta and aortic root replacement (with or without valve sparing) in early childhood: surgical strategies and long-term outcomes
Authors: Moreau de Bellaing Anne , Pontailler Margaux , Bajolle Fanny , Gaudin Régis , Murtuza Bari , Haydar Ayman , Vouhé Pascal , Bonnet Damien , Raisky Olivier
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES

Aortic root and ascending aorta replacements (AARs) are rarely required in the paediatric population. We report here a series of AAR performed in young children using different surgical techniques.

METHODS

Between 1995 and 2017, 32 children under the age of 10 years (median age 5.4 years) underwent AAR procedures at our institution. Twenty-two (69%) had a connective tissue disease (infantile Marfan syndrome or Loeys–Dietz syndrome). We performed 11 AAR using a composite graft with a mechanical prosthesis and 21 valve-sparing procedures (10 Yacoub operations and 11 David operations). Median follow-up for operative survivors was 7.7 years (interquartile range 4.2–12.8 years).

RESULTS

The cardiac-related early mortality rate was 6%. Patient survival was 91% at both 1 and 10 years. Eleven survivors (38%), all with a status of post-valve-sparing procedure, required an aortic root reintervention with an aortic valve replacement after a median interval of 4.2 years. Interestingly, only patients with infantile Marfan syndrome tended to be associated with risk of reoperation.

CONCLUSIONS

Aortic root and AARs are safe in young children whatever the surgical procedure. Aortic valve-sparing procedures show good long-term results except in children with infantile Marfan syndrome whose ineluctable aortic annulus dilatation or aortic valve regurgitation requires reintervention after a short period.
Paralytic ileus precipitating platypnoea–orthodeoxia after right pneumonectomy
Authors: Whiteley Jennifer , Lynn Peter , Walker Niki , Butler John
Published: July 2019

A 78-year-old female underwent a right pneumonectomy for a neuroendocrine tumour. In the early postoperative phase, she developed a paralytic ileus and went on to develop breathlessness and orthostatic desaturation, which characterizes platypnoea–orthodeoxia. She was found to have an intra-atrial shunt on bubble echo, with equal atrial pressures. This was managed by device closure of the atrial connection, following which her condition improved.
Matthew Prior’s Alma: Affecting the Metaphysics
Authors: Loveridge Mark
Published: July 2019

This essay provides the first full descriptive and analytical account since 1946 of Matthew Prior’s poem Alma: or The Progress of the Mind (1719), which Alexander Pope described as a ‘master-piece’. Connections are developed between Prior’s use of effervescent figures of speech and narrative tricks, and uses of figurative metaphysical language in Isaac Newton’s Opticks, the Principia Mathematica, and the ‘Leibniz–Clarke’ controversy of 1715–1716. It emerges that the poem’s main subject is figurative language and the arguments it serves. Alma is a very unusual critique of aspects of Newtonian thought, employing techniques of ‘metaphysical’ poetry to poke fun at Newtonian metaphysics.
Improvement of laboratory skills of Chemical and Civil Engineering students using an interdisciplinary service-learning project for water quality and supply assessment in low-income homes
Authors: Piol María Natalia , Saralegui Andrea , Orero Gabriela , Boeykens Susana , Basack Silvana , Vullo Diana L
Published: July 2019

The University of Buenos Aires (UBA) develops the UBANEX program, focused on service-learning projects for students involving social, environmental and public health concerns. One of the proposals was a collaborative project between UBA and the National University of General Sarmiento. Based on the hypothesis that students’ voluntary involvement in social concerns improves their attitudes towards themselves and learning, the aim was to focus on the development of social and professional skills by implementing an interdisciplinary work for water quality and supply assessment in low-income homes from a southern district of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. Eighteen volunteers—Chemical and Civil Engineering students—were recruited during August–December 2016. Tasks were distributed according to their interests: survey making, sampling, lab analysis, infrastructure checking, etc. Volunteers were surveyed in social involvement, lab skills, data compilation and analysis, leading to a final report with recommendations for a proper water use. The survey results compiled their feedback: 72% admitted an update on water quality problems, 60% learned new lab techniques and were able to analyze results, 89% supported the University’s involvement in social concerns and 56% expanded their opinion about the professional field. The students confirmed their interest in participating in the next UBANEX project.
Molecular and Pathogenic Characteristics of Paecilomyces formosus, a New Causal Agent of Oak Tree Dieback in Iran
Authors: Sabernasab Mohammad , Jamali Samad , Marefat Alireza , Abbasi Saeed
Published: July 2019

Oak dieback is one of the most important diseases that presently affects the Kermanshah oak forests (West Iran). During the period from 2013 to 2015, oak trees exhibiting branch dieback were sampled, and fungal colonies resembling those of the Paecilomyces sp. were obtained from diseased tissues. Based on morphology, physiology, and phylogeny of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA, all isolates were identified as Paecilomyces formosus. Pathogenicity tests in vivo were made on 2-year-old seedlings, potted Q. brantii plants, and excised branch sections under controlled conditions. Inoculated seedlings produced characteristic symptoms, and subsequent pathogen recovery confirmed pathogenicity. We determined these to be thermophilic fungi, which may be related to warming and drought. This is the first report of Paecilomyces formosus as the causal agent of Q. brantii dieback in Iran and the world.
Creatine Supplementation (3 g/d) and Bone Health in Older Women: A 2-Year, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Sales Lucas Peixoto , Pinto Ana Jéssica , Rodrigues Samara Ferrari , Alvarenga Jackeline Couto , Gonçalves Natalia , Sampaio-Barros Marília M , Benatti Fabiana Braga , Gualano Bruno , Rodrigues Pereira Rosa Maria
Published: July 2019

Background

Creatine supplementation could be a nonexpensive, safe, and effective dietary intervention to counteract bone loss. The aim of this study was to investigate whether long-term creatine supplementation can improve bone health in older, postmenopausal women.

Methods

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomized trial was conducted between November 2011 and December 2017 in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Two hundred postmenopausal women with osteopenia were randomly allocated to receive either creatine monohydrate (3 g/d) or placebo for 2 years. At baseline and after 12 and 24 months, we assessed areal bone mineral density (aBMD; primary outcome), lean and fat mass (through dual X-ray absorptiometry), volumetric BMD and bone microarchitecture parameters, biochemical bone markers, physical function and strength, and the number of falls and fractures. Possible adverse effects were self-reported.

Results

Lumbar spine (p < .001), femoral neck (p < .001), and total femur aBMD (p = .032) decreased across time; however, no interaction effect was observed (all p > .050). Bone markers, microarchitecture parameters, and the number of falls/fractures were not changed with creatine (all p > .050). Lean mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass increased throughout the intervention (p < .001), with no additive effect of creatine (p = .731 and p = .397, respectively). Creatine did not affect health-related laboratory parameters.

Conclusion

Creatine supplementation more than 2 years did not improve bone health in older, postmenopausal women with osteopenia, nor did it affect lean mass or muscle function in this population. This refutes the long-lasting notion that this dietary supplement alone has osteogenic or anabolic properties in the long run.

Clinical trial registry

Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT: 01472393.
Using the van Noordwijk and de Jong Resource Framework to Evaluate Glucocorticoid-Fitness Hypotheses
Authors: Breuner Creagh W , Berk Sara A
Published: July 2019

Ten years ago, two reviews clarified the need to tie glucocorticoid (GC) levels directly to survival and reproductive measures. Three primary hypotheses emerged from that work: the CORT-Fitness hypothesis, the CORT-Adaptation hypothesis, and the CORT-Tradeoff hypothesis. The two reviews have since been cited nearly 900 times, but no clear consensus has emerged supporting one hypothesis over another. We propose that resource availability may be a major confound across studies. Life-history investment is determined by both allocation and acquisition, but current literature testing among the three GC-fitness hypotheses rarely incorporate metrics of resource availability. In 1986, van Noordwijk and de Jong (vN and dJ) proposed the acquisition/allocation Y-model to explain positive versus negative correlations between reproduction and survival across individuals. Their model elevated resources as critical to evaluating individual allocation strategies (favoring reproduction vs. survival), and therefore provides the ideal framework for testing across the three CORT hypotheses. Here, we review the three hypotheses in light of the last 10 years of data, introduce the vN and dJ framework as a model for fitness/GC hypothesis testing, and discuss best practices for using this framework. We believe incorporation of resource availability will reduce unexplained variability in GC-fitness tests, clarify support among the three hypotheses, and allow for greater power in testing across other context dependencies (e.g., life-history strategy) that likely regulate differential allocation to reproduction versus survival as GCs increase.
Improving Case-Based Meningitis Surveillance in 5 Countries in the Meningitis Belt of Sub-Saharan Africa, 2015–2017
Authors: Mbaeyi Sarah A , Lingani Clement , Diallo Alpha Oumar , Bicaba Brice , Ouédraogo-Traoré Rasmata , Acyl Mahamat , Gamougame Kadidja , Coulibaly Oumou , Coulibaly Souleymane , Zaneidou Maman , Sidikou Fati , Nikiema Christelle , Sadji Adodo Yao , Aké Flavien , Tarbangdo Félix , Sakande Souleymane , Tall Haoua , Njanpop-Lafourcade Berthe-Marie , Moïsi Jennifer , N’diaye Aboubacar , Bwaka Ado , Bita Andre , Fernandez Katya , Poy Alain , Soeters Heidi M , Vuong Jeni , Novak Ryan , Ronveaux Olivier ,   MenAfriNet Consortium
Published: July 2019

Background

The MenAfriNet consortium was established in 2014 to support implementation of case-based meningitis surveillance in 5 countries in the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa: Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger, and Togo. Assessing surveillance performance is critical for interpretation of the collected data and implementation of future surveillance-strengthening initiatives.

Methods

Detailed epidemiologic and laboratory data were collected on suspected meningitis cases through case-based meningitis surveillance in participating districts in 5 countries. Performance of case-based surveillance was evaluated through sensitivity of case ascertainment in case-based versus aggregate meningitis surveillance and an analysis of surveillance indicators.

Results

From 2015 to 2017, 18 262 suspected meningitis cases were identified through case-based surveillance and 16 262 were identified through aggregate surveillance, for a case ascertainment sensitivity of 112.3%. Among suspected cases, 16 885 (92.5%) had a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen collected, 13 625 (80.7%) of which were received at a national reference laboratory. Among these, 13 439 (98.6%) underwent confirmatory testing, and, of those tested, 4371 (32.5%) were confirmed for a bacterial pathogen.

Conclusions

Overall strong performance for case ascertainment, CSF collection, and laboratory confirmation provide evidence for the quality of MenAfriNet case-based surveillance in evaluating epidemiologic trends and informing future vaccination strategies.