bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mild or moderate renal insufficiency does not increase circulating levels of cobalt and chromium in patients with metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty
Authors: Lainiala O. , Reito A. , Jämsä P. , Eskelinen A.
Published: August 2017

Aims

To determine whether there is any association between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and blood cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) levels in patients with metal-on-metal (MoM) hip arthroplasty.

Patients and Methods

We identified 179 patients with a unilateral 36 mm diameter head as part of a stemmed Summit-Pinnacle MoM hip arthroplasty. GFR was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula.

Results

Normal renal function (GFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2) was seen in 74 patients. Mild renal insufficiency (GFR 60 to 89 ml/min/1.73 m2) was seen in 90 patients and moderate renal insufficiency (GFR 30 to 59 ml/min/1.73 m2) in 15. There was no statistical difference in Co and Cr levels between patients with normal renal function and those with mild or moderate renal insufficiency. No correlation was seen between creatinine and blood metal ion levels or between GFR and blood metal ion levels. Linear regression analysis did not show any association between Co and Cr levels and GFR.

Conclusion

We did not find any association between GFR and blood metal ion levels. Consequently, the accumulation of Co and Cr in blood due to renal insufficiency does not seem to be a major risk in patients with mild or moderate renal insufficiency. Cite this article Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1147–52
The use of an anterior pelvic internal fixator to treat disruptions of the anterior pelvic ring
Authors: Dahill M. , McArthur J. , Roberts G. L. , Acharya M. R. , Ward A. J. , Chesser T. J. S.
Published: August 2017

Aims

The anterior pelvic internal fixator is increasingly used for the treatment of unstable, or displaced, injuries of the anterior pelvic ring. The evidence for its use, however, is limited. The aim of this paper is to describe the indications for its use, how it is applied and its complications.

Patients and Methods

We reviewed the case notes and radiographs of 50 patients treated with an anterior pelvic internal fixator between April 2010 and December 2015 at a major trauma centre in the United Kingdom. The median follow-up time was 38 months (interquartile range 24 to 51).

Results

Three patients were excluded from the analysis leaving 47 patients with complete follow-up data. Of the 47 patients, 46 achieved radiological union and one progressed to an asymptomatic nonunion. Of the remaining patients, 45 required supplementary posterior fixation with percutaneous iliosacral screws, 2 of which required sacral plating. The incidence of injury to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) was 34%. The rate of infection was 2%. There were no other significant complications. Without this treatment, 44 patients (94%) would have needed unilateral or bilateral open reduction and plate fixation extending laterally to the hip joint.

Conclusion

The anterior pelvic internal fixator reduces the need for extensive open surgery and is a useful addition to the armamentarium for the treatment of anterior pelvic injuries. It is associated with injury to the LFCN in a third of patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B.1232–6.
The changing face of fractures of the hip in Northern Ireland
Authors: Tucker A. , Donnelly K. J. , McDonald S. , Craig J. , Foster A. P. , Acton J. D.
Published: August 2017

Aims

We reviewed all patients who sustained a fracture of the hip and were treated in Northern Ireland over a period of 15 years to identify trends in incidence, the demographics of the patients, the rates of mortality, the configuration of the fracture and the choice of implant.

Patients and Methods

Since 01 January 2001 data about every fracture of the hip sustained in an adult have been collected centrally in Northern Ireland. All adults with such a fracture between 2000 and 2015 were included in the study. Temporal changes in their demographics, the mode of treatment, and outcomes including mortality were analysed.

Results

The incidence of fractures of the hip, in Northern Ireland, rose from 54 in 100 000 in 2000 to 86 in 100 000 in 2015. If these trends continue, we predict this rising to 128 in 100 000 in 2030. We found that these patients are becoming older and increasingly frail, as assessed by the American Association of Anesthesiology grade. Complex extracapsular fractures have become more common since 2009, which may explain the increased use of cephalomedullary nails. Despite increasing frailty, the 30-day and 12-month rates of mortality fell significantly (p = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

Fractures of the hip are becoming more common and more complex in an aging, increasingly frail population. We expect these trends to continue. This will place an increasing economic and clinical strain on healthcare systems. Forward planning is essential to put systems in place that can deal with the increasing demand. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1223–31.
No difference in time-dependent improvement in functional outcome following closing wedgeversusopening wedge high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Nerhus T. K. , Ekeland A. , Solberg G. , Olsen B. H. , Madsen J. E. , Heir S.
Published: August 2017

Aims

The aim of this prospective randomised study was to compare the time course of clinical improvement during the first two years following a closing or opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO). It was hypothesised that there would be no differences in clinical outcome between the two techniques.

Patients and Methods

Between 2007 and 2013, 70 consecutive patients were randomly allocated to undergo either a closing or opening wedge HTO. All patients had medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA), and were aged between 30 years and 60 years. They were evaluated by independent investigators pre-operatively and at three and six months, and one and two years post-operatively using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), the Lysholm score, the Tegner activity score, the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scale and range of movement (ROM).

Results

There were no significant differences at any time between the two techniques for any clinical outcome score (p > 0.05). The mean scores for all the systems, except UCLA and Tegner, significantly improved until six months post-operatively (p < 0.001). For some scores, the improvement continued until one and two years.

Conclusion

This prospective randomised study suggests that there are no differences in the time course of the clinical improvement between the closing and opening wedge techniques for HTO during the first two post-operative years. Patients can expect continued improvement in physical function for between six months and one year after HTO regardless of the technique used. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1157–66
Revision anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle augmented with suture tape for patients with a failed Broström procedure
Authors: Cho B. K. , Kim Y. M. , Choi S. M. , Park H. W. , SooHoo N. F.
Published: August 2017

Aims

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the intermediate-term outcomes after revision anatomical ankle ligament reconstruction augmented with suture tape for a failed modified Broström procedure.

Patients and Methods

A total of 30 patients with persistent instability of the ankle after a Broström procedure underwent revision augmented with suture tape. Of these, 24 patients who were followed up for more than two years were included in the study. There were 13 men and 11 women. Their mean age was 31.8 years (23 to 44). The mean follow-up was 38.5 months (24 to 56) The clinical outcome was assessed using the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) score. The stability of the ankle was assessed using stress radiographs.

Results

The mean FAOS and FAAM scores improved significantly to 87.5 (73 to 94) and 85.1 (70 to 95) points at final follow-up, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean angle of talar tilt and anterior talar translation improved significantly to 2.8° (0° to 6°) and 4.1 mm (2 to 7) at final follow-up, respectively (p < 0.001). Side to side comparison in stress radiographs at final follow-up showed no significant difference. The revision failed in one patient who underwent a further revision using allograft tendon.

Conclusion

The revision modified Broström procedure augmented with suture tape is an effective form of treatment for recurrent instability of the ankle following a failed Broström procedure. This technique provides reliable stability and satisfactory clinical outcomes at intermediate-term follow-up. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1183–9
Comparing views about evidence in Ontario public health units: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Masood Sara , Kothari Anita , Regan Sandra
Published: August 2017

Background: ways of perceiving evidence by public health managers, practitioners and policymakers is one of the key determinants of evidence uptake. Recent public health policy in Ontario requires programmes to be based on evidence. Therefore, understanding views about evidence in both practice and policy contexts is important to bridge the research-policy-practice gap in public health. Objective and methods: this qualitative descriptive study examined understandings about evidence in Ontario public health units by comparing perspectives from managers and frontline staff across six geographically-diverse units. A secondary qualitative content analysis was used to re-analyse transcripts of focus groups from the Renewal of Public Health Systems (RePHS) research project. Results: similarities and differences were revealed with respect to how public health managers and frontline staff view evidence. Although both managers and frontline staff understand that multiple forms of evidence exist and that these forms must be integrated when making decisions regarding programme development and implementation, frontline staff highlighted the role of practice-based evidence. Both groups named tools and processes that were available to assist their decision making. Frontline staff indicated capacity building as important for supporting evidence use. Both groups noted that leadership could present a challenge to evidence-based programmes if not supportive of the evidence-based solution for public health problems. However, the understanding of leadership differed between frontline staff and managers. Conclusion: findings from this study provide insight into how use of evidence can be promoted and how to better support policy implementation efforts within practice contexts.
Jumping platforms: The ecology of converged news audiences
Authors: Simpson Edgar
Published: August 2017

This case study used an extreme news event, a school shooting, to explore the concepts of news convergence within the context of media ecology. By analysing media reports from all outlets in a specific market, considering audience contributions and using an Internet-based focus group held three weeks after the event, the study sought to examine the intersection between the audience and media reports. The results indicated a converged audience, where information flowed from person to person and information channel to information channel. This study explores this dynamic, revealing a complex news ecosystem.
The entrepreneurial imperative: Recording artists in extreme metal music proto-markets
Authors: Netherton Jason
Published: August 2017

Recent research on recording artist entrepreneurism suggests that ‘emerging music professionals need an entrepreneurial spirit’ and that ‘they need to think like an entrepreneur (even if some don’t like the term) to sustain a career in the diverse fields of the music industries’. If recording artists are now facing pressure to be both creative and entrepreneurial subjects, how does this duality then impact many of the traditional expectations and practices of recording artistry and the institutions that surround them? As a case intended to explore this question, this article will examine recording artist entrepreneurism through the economic and scenic practices occurring in extreme metal music proto-markets. Specifically, analysis will focus on the case of the Australian band Ne Obliviscaris, who were the first extreme metal act to successfully use the online patronage platform Patreon. Ne Obliviscaris’ turn to Patreon is representative of a broader transition towards recording artist entrepreneurism, where new funding and revenue options are impacting the traditional relations between the artist, the record label and the audience. Entrepreneurism is therefore interpreted as an emerging institutional norm of recording artistry, with implications for recording artists’ subjectivity, expectations and social positions.
‘Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it, and – which is more – you’ll be a man, my son’: Myths of British masculinity and Britishness in the construction and reception of Iron Maiden
Authors: Spracklen Karl
Published: August 2017

In the years following the end of the Second World War, the British Empire declined as a global, hegemonic power. In the years of this decline, British children were still taught stirring tales and myths of British military might and British fair-play. In this article, I argue that this mythic milieu served as source of inspiration for Iron Maiden’s songs from Iron Maiden (1980) to Somewhere in Time (1986). I show that themes on these albums deliberately reflect and construct this mythic version of Imperial British masculinity. I then explore how the band has continued to play with Britishness globally. I argue that Iron Maiden’s members and creators have constructed their creative art around imagined white, British imperial identities. They have been raised in the ways of the mythic milieu, and serve its hegemonic interest, whether they are conscious of that fact or not.
INFLUÊNCIA DA SUBSTITUIÇÃO PARCIAL DE CLORETO DE SÓDIO POR CLORETO DE POTÁSSIO EM QUEIJO MINAS FRESCAL DE LEITE DE OVELHA
Authors: Hanauer Dalana Cecília , Rigo Elisandra , Bagatini Lucíola , Steffens Juliana , Cavalheiro Darlene
Published: August 2017

O leite de ovelha apresenta elevados teores de gordura, proteína e minerais em relação ao leite de vaca, sendo indicado à produção de queijos, como o Minas frescal. Nas etapas de processamento do mesmo destaca-se a salga, por oferecer funções importantes para este produto. A salga é realizada pela adição de cloreto de sódio (NaCl), porém, em excesso, esse sal pode ser prejudicial à saúde do consumidor. Assim, elaborou-se três formulações de queijo Minas frescal de leite de ovelha (100% NaCl – QA; 75% NaCl e 25% de cloreto de potássio (KCl) – QB; 50% de NaCl e 50% KCl – QC) e avaliou-se as mesmas por análises físico-químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais. A substituição parcial do NaCl por KCl não influenciou os teores de umidade, proteínas e cinzas, pH e atividade de água dos queijos. Ainda, a substituição de 50% do NaCl por KCl possibilitou a obtenção de um queijo com teor reduzido de sódio em relação ao padrão, com 100% de NaCl. A análise sensorial mostrou que a substituição de 50% (QC) e 25% (QB) de NaCl por KCl não apresentou diferença significativa para o índice de aceitação global, no entanto, o uso do KCl foi percebido pelos avaliadores, pois as formulações QB e QC diferiram significativamente do padrão (QA). Contudo, no teste de comparação múltipla não houve diferença significativa entre as amostras. Dessa forma, os resultados indicaram que a substituição parcial de NaCl por KCl pode ser realizada no queijo Minas frescal de leite de ovelha.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO TEOR DE SÓDIO E LACTOSE EM QUEIJOS MUSSARELA E COLONIAL CONSUMIDOS NA REGIÃO SUDOESTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: DICKEL CAMILLA , JUNKES JULIANE KOWALSKI , TONIAL IVANE BENEDETTI , Castro-Cislaghi Fabiane Picinin de
Published: August 2017

Pesquisas têm indicado que os queijos brasileiros têm consumido elevado teor de sal, o que pode ser visto como um problema de saúde pública, devido ao grande consumo desses produtos pela população. Além disso, poucos estudos têm avaliado o teor de lactose em queijos. Por outro lado, o lançamento no mercado de novos produtos isentos de lactose é grande. Queijos comumente apresentam baixo conteúdo de lactose, dessa forma, para alguns tipos de queijos, justifica-se o desenvolvimento de linhas de produtos com baixo teor ou isentos de lactose, mas isso não é válido para todas as variedades de queijos, como se têm observado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os teores de lactose e sódio nos principais tipos de queijos consumidos na região Sudoeste do Paraná, como os queijos mussarela e colonial. Foram coletadas amostras de três marcas de cada tipo de queijo e realizadas análises do teor de lactose, cloreto de sódio, pH e acidez. Os resultados demonstram que os teores de sódio dos queijos analisados são elevados, o que pode trazer prejuízos à saúde dos consumidores. Pode-se observar também que há grande variação entre as diferentes marcas de queijos quanto ao teor de sódio. A média do teor de lactose foi maior para os queijos mussarela quando comparada aos queijos coloniais. Os queijos apresentaram baixo teor de lactose e, portanto, podem ser consumidos pela grande maioria das pessoas intolerantes à lactose. Além disso, para esses tipos de queijo, não é necessário o desenvolvimento de linhas de produtos “zero lactose”.
ACEITAÇÃO E CONSERVAÇÃO DE QUEIJOS FRESCOS ELABORADOS COM ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS
Authors: Presente Joelmir Grassi , De fraga Hemilim Barbosa , Schmidt Cristiano Gautério
Published: August 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aceitação e a conservação de queijos frescos tipo Minas frescal adicionados de óleos essenciais de orégano e gengibre na sua formulação. A qualidade do leite utilizado como matéria-prima foi avaliada quanto ao pH, acidez, alizarol, extrato seco total, densidade e carga microbiana total. Os queijos produzidos foram caracterizados quanto ao pH, acidez, umidade, lipídios, proteínas e cinzas. Os queijos foram avaliados sensorialmente através de testes afetivos utilizando escala hedônica e escala de atitude, visando determinar a aceitação e a intenção de compra pelos julgadores. Contagem de microrganismos mesófilos aeróbios totais foi utilizada para estimar o período de vida útil dos queijos. O leite utilizado como matéria-prima se apresentou dentro dos padrões de qualidade exigidos pela legislação. Os queijos produzidos com óleos essenciais apresentaram valores de pH e acidez em torno de 6,9 e 0,87%, respectivamente, 57,6% de umidade, 31,3% de lipídios, 11,4% de proteínas e 0,9% de cinzas. O queijo adicionado de óleo essencial de orégano e o controle foram os que receberam pelos julgadores os melhores valores para aceitação (7,5 e 7,6, respectivamente) e intenção de compra (4,2 e 4,4 respectivamente). Com relação à estimativa do tempo de vida útil, os queijos adicionados de óleo essencial de orégano e de gengibre apresentaram menores valores de carga microbiana total comparados com o controle (sem óleo) e o misto (adição dos dois óleos), apresentando valores de contagens acima de 106 UFC/g somente a partir do 28º dia de armazenamento.
AVALIAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA, MICROBIOLÓGICA E SENSORIAL DE QUEIJO MINAS FRESCAL DE LEITE DE CABRA DESENVOLVIDO POR ACIDIFICAÇÃO DIRETA E FERMENTAÇÃO LÁTICA
Authors: Oliveira Keily Alves de Moura , Jardim Denyse Moraes , Chaves Karina Da Silva , De Oliveira Glauco Vieira , Vidigal Márcia Cristina Teixeira Ribeiro
Published: August 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da acidificação direta por ácido lático e por adição de cultura starter mesofílica tipo O (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis e Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris) nas propriedades físico-químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais de queijo Minas frescal de leite de cabra. Duas formulações de queijo Minas frescal foram elaboradas por acidificação com ácido lático e com cultura mesofílica tipo O e avaliadas quanto a qualidade microbiológica, quantificando S. aureus, psicrotróficos, bactérias láticas, coliformes termotolerantes e quanto a presença de Salmonella sp. Quanto as análises físico-químicas, foram realizadas determinação de gordura, cinzas, umidade, acidez titulável em ácido lático e pH. As modificações físico-químicas no queijo Minas frescal foram avaliadas durante o período de estocagem de 14 dias e analisada a sua aceitabilidade e intenção de compra por meio da avaliação sensorial. Os resultados revelaram que ambas as formulações do queijo Minas frescal apresentavam-se em boas condições higiênico-sanitárias e de consumo. Quanto aos parâmetros físico-químicos, os teores de gordura, cinzas e umidade dos queijos não diferiram significativamente entre si (p < 0,05). O queijo obtido por acidificação direta por ácido lático foi o que apresentou menor contagem de bactérias láticas totais e acidez, maior valor de pH e maior aceitabilidade sensorial e intenção de compra diferindo do queijo obtido por fermentação lática. Os resultados mostram que a forma de acidificação afeta as características do produto e sua aceitação pelos consumidores. A utilização do leite de cabra para produção do queijo Minas frescal apresenta potencial de aplicação na indústria de lácteos, agrega valor, tornando-o um produto alternativo aos consumidores alérgicos ao leite bovino.
Conceito de velocidade efetiva social como argumento de reforço à implantação de políticas de mobilidade urbana sustentável no Brasil
Authors: Meira Leonardo Herszon , Andrade Mauricio Oliveira , Lima Jessica Helena de
Published: August 2017

A qualidade dos deslocamentos de várias cidades brasileiras vem diminuindo nos últimos anos e levando a um ambiente cada vez mais insustentável. Uma forma de combater esse cenário é adotar soluções inovadoras de políticas públicas de mobilidade. Este trabalho se dedica a estudar a possibilidade de mudança de comportamento das pessoas com a inclusão da velocidade efetiva social nas políticas públicas de mobilidade. A Lei 12.587/2012 prevê a internalização dos custos externos causados pelos usuários. Nesse contexto, a velocidade efetiva social surge como uma medida inovadora. Velocidade efetiva social é um conceito que soma ao tempo de viagem de um modo de transporte o tempo de trabalho gasto para pagar o custo privado e social da viagem. Usou-se como estudo de caso para os dados demográficos uma pesquisa realizada com frequentadores da UFPE. Resultados sugerem ter a velocidade efetiva social capacidade para ser integrada nas políticas públicas de mobilidade brasileiras.
Conceito, configuração e aplicação de um simulador de direção no Brasil – Estudo de caso
Authors: Santos Maria Izabel dos , Oliveira Paulo Tadeu Meira e Silva de , Ribeiro Rogério Lemos , Larocca Ana Paula Camargo , Kabbach Junior Felipe Issa
Published: August 2017

Desde 2011, o mundo vive a Década de Ação para a Segurança Rodoviária (2011-2020) cujo objetivo é reduzir pela metade o número de vítimas de acidentes de trânsito. Simuladores de condução podem ajudar nos estudos sobre segurança viária sem oferecer risco aos voluntários e pesquisadores. O presente artigo descreve um simulador de médios porte e custo, utilizado principalmente por indústrias automotivas. Tais simuladores têm sido utilizados em diversas aplicações como estudos do comportamento de condutores, projeto geométrico de vias e sinalizações horizontal e vertical da pista. O simulador descrito possui características e desempenho similares ao de um veículo compacto real e os programas utilizados para compilação dos dados de entrada trabalham em tempo real. Dois estudos conduzidos no simulador são apresentados de forma sucinta: o primeiro analisa a percepção dos condutores com relação à sinalização de um trecho de rodovia brasileira e o segundo avalia a alteração da capacidade cognitiva de um condutor quando submetido a uma tarefa secundária à da condução.
Transcoding Sexuality: Computational Performativity and Queer Code Practices
Authors: Jackson Gerald Stephen
Published: August 2017

Scholarship in the history of computer programming has demonstrated how the contributions of engineers have been erased due to gendered assumptions of labor and science. I argue that such erasure parallels a gendered epistemology of mastery embedded in computer programming itself. Towards this, I extrapolate and refine the concept of “computational performativity,” drawing from media theorists Katherine Hayles and Wendy Chun, to put forth a gender performativity of code. Looking at two queer code art objects—Zach Blas’s transCoder and Julie Levin Russo’s Slash Goggles —as well as production code in the C programming language, I argue for a critical move away from representation as the seat of meaning in code, and towards a performative understanding of gendered code through “contexts of complexity.” Focusing on complexity and interrelationships allows scholars to read code as gendered, and to furthermore leverage such reading to propose and enact queer “failures” in code as rhetorical critiques of software.
Evaluasi Penjadwalan Proyek Pengembangan Rumah Sakit Mitra Husada Pringsewu
Authors: Dharmawan Weka Indra , Oktarina Devi , Wibowo Tito Catur
Published: August 2017

Project is a unique sequence of interrelated activities to achieve particular result and done in particular time period. Due to time and budget limitation, management undertaking of a project needs to be evaluated by using a special method in order to avoid loss and retardation. CPM and S Curve are among evaluation methods. This study was to identify network, critical activities, critical event, critical line and to analyze optimum cost and duration of VVIP Building development project of Mitra Husada Hospital Pringsewu with time acceleration to avoid retardation. Result showed that after S Curve Evaluation done, implementation cost could be reduced 10% lower than realization cost from IDR 12,423,077,000.00 to be IDR 11,293,707,000.00. Mean while, after acceleration by using CPM method, the critical line decreased from three to one line and project duration shortened from 448 days to be 360 days. Evaluation of projects using the S Curve and with the CPM shows a simple way of evaluation and can be done by various actors of construction.
Analisis Efektivitas Model Perkuatan dengan Injeksi Semen untuk Peningkatan Angka Keamanan Lereng
Authors: Sumirin Sumirin , Arief Rifqi Brilyanto
Published: August 2017

The problem of slope stability can be overcome by grouting of cement paste. But, the question often arises as to the extent of grouting of cement paste can increase the factor of safety. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the effect of grouting on increasing safety factor on the slope of embankment. Experiments have been conducted in the laboratory using 6 types of mixed samples of sand and coarse aggregate. Field testing was conducted on 1 model to determine the effectiveness of grouting. The results of the experiments show that the injection of cement paste in this study proved to be effective in strengthening the embankment with the content of coarse aggregate 60%. The increase factor of safety (FS) using grouting is from FS= 1.9 (33.3%) to FS = 2.80 (90.0%). Factors determining the effectiveness of injection are: (a) injection method with drilling technique before injection to form cement column; (b) the optimum of water-cement ratio w/c = 1.5; (c) the ratio of spacing and injection diameter Lg / Dg = 8, the depth of injection 0.75 from the height of the embankment.
Physiotherapy student perspectives on synchronous dual-campus learning and teaching
Authors: Divanoglou Anestis , Chance-Larsen Kenneth , Fleming Julie , Wolfe Michele
Published: August 2017

An increasing number of universities offer educational programmes across multiple campuses, as a way of facilitating access to tertiary education and filling the shortage of health professionals in rural and regional settings. Offering an equitable learning experience across all sites has been considered an important aspect in any learning and teaching approach. This qualitative study analysed data from 10 focus group discussions and 11 unit evaluations, to explore student perceptions of synchronous dual-campus delivery of a physiotherapy programme in Central Queensland, Australia. An inductive approach to thematic analysis was used. Three themes emerged: (a) Student location influences learning; (b) Videoconferencing impacts learning and teaching; and (c) Dual-campus delivery determines teaching structures and shapes teaching processes. Difficulties related to cross-campus communication, logistics, and opportunities for interaction and engagement were seen as detrimental to synchronous dual-campus delivery. Skill-based demonstrations added another level of complexity. However, students identified a potential benefit from accessing expertise from both campuses. With careful planning and consideration of the potential barriers and facilitators, synchronous dual-campus learning environments can be an effective delivery option for higher education institutions. This study builds on existing literature and suggests a number of strategies that are specific to this mode of programme delivery.
Editorial 33(4)
Authors: Heinrich Eva , Henderson Michael , Redmond Petrea
Published: August 2017

This editorial reflects on some of the challenges of journal publishing in a context of increasing time pressures and accountability measures in academia. A particular focus is that of the demands on reviewers and the challenges of recognising their contributions. This editorial also introduces the eleven diverse papers that consitute the issue. Finally, the editorial acknowledges the work of the edorial team and welcomes Associate Professor Petrea Redmond as a Lead Editor.
Development of a new HPLC method for wogonin in rat plasma: Compatibility of standard and test samples
Authors: Salmani Jumah Masoud Mohammad , Wu Xue , Jacob Joe Antony , Fu Rong , Chen Baoan
Published: August 2017

In the current paper, an HPLC/UV method was developed and validated for determination of wogonin in plasma. Considerable attention was paid to the preparation of standard samples and factors affecting drug distribution. A preparation procedure was devised to simulate the conditions the drug is expected to experience in vivo while pointing to the shortcomings of previously published methods. The method was validated according to the FDA regulations and showed to be highly efficient and capable of extracting the drug and IS from the plasma accurately and precisely within the specified range of 50–500 ng mL−1. Further, the standard sample preparation of this method can be used as a guideline for other methods, particularly when highly hydrophobic drugs with considerable protein binding are involved and could be valuable in the field of bioanalysis to improve the reliability of methods.
Influence of novel oral anticoagulants on anticoagulation care management
Authors: Janzic Andrej , Kos Mitja
Published: August 2017

Anticoagulation treatment was recently improved by the introduction of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, this study explores the effects of the introduction of NOACs on anticoagulation care in Slovenia. Face-to-face interviews with key stakeholders revealed evolvement and challenges of anticoagulation care from different perspectives. Obtained information was further explored through the analysis of nationwide data of drug prescriptions and realization of health care services. Simplified management of anticoagulation treatment with NOACs and their high penetration expanded the capacity of anticoagulation clinics, and consequentially the treated population increased by more than 50 % in the last 5 years. The main challenge concerned the expenditures for medicines, which increased approximately 10 times in just a few years. At the same time, the anticoagulation clinics and their core organisation were not affected, which is not expected to change, since they are vital in delivering high-quality care.
TLR4 polymorphisms seem not to be associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes but predispose to diabetic retinopathy; TLR4 polymorphisms in glucose continuum
Authors: Zaharieva ET , Kamenov ZA , Savov AS
Published: August 2017

Objectives. Compared to type 1 diabetes, the role of the immune and autoimmune pathogenetic mechanisms is much less studied in the type 2 diabetes. Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) have a leading role in inflammation, insulin resistance, and vascular damage. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the polymorphisms in TLR4 gene and different stages in the glucose continuum from prediabetes to the type 2 diabetes and chronic microvascular complications.

Materials and Methods. The study included 113 patients with the type 2 diabetes, 29 participants with prediabetes, and 28 controls. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for genotyping Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphism, followed by restriction analysis.

Results. The difference in the genotype frequency for both polymorphisms in patients with the type 2 diabetes or prediabetes compared to that in controls was not significant. Patients with heterozygous genotype of Asp299Gly polymorphism had a higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (42.9%) than participants with homozygous genotype (9.0%) (OR [95%CI]=7.61 [1.41–41.08]; p=0.018). No association was established for diabetic polyneuropathy and nephropathy. Prevalence of chronic diabetes complications was not related to Thr399Ile polymorphism.

Conclusion. Our study demonstrates that Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms seem not to be associated with the type 2 diabetes and prediabetes but Asp299Gly may contribute to diabetic retinopathy predisposition.
Improving writing in social studies through professional development: Effects on teachers’ beliefs, classroom practice and students’ writing
Authors: van Drie Jannet , Janssen Tanja , Groenendijk Talita
Published: August 2017

Although academic literacy is an important goal in secondary education, many students struggle with it, particularly with disciplinary writing. There is a need for a closer integration of writing with instruction in subject areas. We designed and implemented a practice-based professional development program aimed at improving teachers’ ability to teach writing within social studies. We distilled five design principles from meta-analyses of effective writing instruction, which teachers (twelve subject- and Dutch Language teachers) used to design lessons in their own classes. Effects of the program on teachers’ beliefs about writing instruction were measured with a questionnaire. Although no changes in beliefs were found, teachers indicated in a learner report that they had learned a lot about integrating writing in their lessons. After six months teachers reported that they felt more able to use the design principles and still used them in their lessons. Three interventions are described in more detail in this paper. Effects on students’ writing and knowledge of writing were measured using pre- and post-writing-tasks. Results showed a significant positive effect for the writing-instruction groups. We conclude that the professional development program enabled teachers to teach disciplinary writing within social studies and to improve students’ writing as well.
Restating the Tort of Battery
Authors: Sugarman Stephen D.
Published: August 2017

This article offers a bold proposal: eliminate the intentional tort of battery and merge cases of both the negligent and intentional imposition of physical harm into a single new tort. The advantages of a single tort of wrongfully causing physical harm to persons are many. It would (a) do away with complex and unneeded doctrinal details now contained within battery law, (b) pave the way to a sensible regime of comparative fault for all such physical injuries, (c) properly shift the legal focus away from the plaintiff’s conduct and onto the defendant’s, (d) eliminate the Restatement’s need to supplement battery law with yet a separate intentional physical harm tort when an injury is intentionally caused but without the contact or other requirements of battery, and (e) force courts to decide various collateral issues (like whether punitive damages are available or whether liability insurance coverage is applicable) on their own terms and not by linking them to whether this case involves a battery (and then making exceptions, since it turns out that battery is not a reliable basis for deciding those collateral matters). More broadly, the new tort is intellectually more insightful as it anchors acts that now count as batteries more in their wrongfulness than in their intentionality as battery law does today.
Data Sharing from the Perspective of Faculty in Korea
Authors: Kim Jihyun
Published: August 2017

This study investigated the factors associated with Korean professors’ intentions to openly share data. As Korea does not have an institutional or regulatory framework governing data sharing, understanding the motivations and/or concerns of a Korean faculty might not only provide policy guidance for data-sharing practices in Korea but also help academic libraries of this country develop data management services valuable for researchers. In particular, survey responses from 190 professors and follow-up interviews with eleven faculty members were analyzed and revealed that professors who were more willing to openly share data tended to agree with data reuse conditioned on easy access to others’ data, to have altruistic reasons for data sharing and to be uncertain about repositories and the demand for their data. Professors who were less willing to make data publicly available tended to fear exploitation and to be interested in exchanging data for control of access to such data, for approval of the dissemination of results based on such data, and for co-authorship and collaboration opportunities. The study suggested that policies might be designed to incentivize data sharing by including supporting data citation, allowing data providers to control access to data, and considering ethical issues and various co-authorship practices. It also discussed implications of the findings for academic librarians.
Online Tribes and Digital Authority: What Can Social Theory Bring to Digital Archaeology?
Authors: Richardson Lorna-Jane , Lindgren Simon
Published: August 2017

From early discussions of the disruptive potential of computer technologies for archaeological applications, to the present era of digital archaeology as the technical underpinning of modern archaeological practice, we have continued to debate the potential impacts of digital communication and digital capture and storage on our knowledge, profession and communications. The increased use of digital tools and methods for archaeological research and dissemination, as well as what Roosevelt (2015) has referred to as the shift to the digital paradigm within archaeological practice, leads us to suggest that the impact of this paradigm shift requires careful and critical examination. This article will examine the edges of the disciplines of archaeology and sociology, where we aim to advance our understanding of the relationship between digital technologies and archaeological knowledge from a uniquely social perspective, using the theoretical approaches of both
classic and modern sociologists. The application of this lens of sociology to digital archaeology equips us to understand how archaeology and archaeological practice is situated in a social world, which is especially relevant in the Global West, where digital technology is ubiquitous. Through a critical consideration of the complexity of use of digital technologies within digital archaeology, we can begin to shift our focus away from the character and method of tools and workflow, to the background of intellectual power and influence.
Inflammatory infiltrates in parathyroid tumors
Authors: Haglund Felix , Hallström Björn M , Nilsson Inga-Lena , Höög Anders , Juhlin C Christofer , Larsson Catharina
Published: August 2017

Context

Inflammatory infiltrates are sometimes present in solid tumors and may be coupled to clinical behavior or etiology. Infectious viruses contribute to tumorigenesis in a significant fraction of human neoplasias.

Objective

Characterize inflammatory infiltrates and possible viral transcription in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Design

From the period 2007 to 2016, a total of 55 parathyroid tumors (51 adenomas and 4 hyperplasias) with prominent inflammatory infiltrates were identified from more than 2000 parathyroid tumors in the pathology archives, and investigated by immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD45 and scored as +0, +1 or +2. Clinicopathological data were compared to 142 parathyroid adenomas without histological evidence of inflammation. Transcriptome sequencing was performed for 13 parathyroid tumors (four inflammatory, 9 non-inflammatory) to identify potential viral transcripts.

Results

Tumors had prominent germinal center-like nodular (+2) lymphocytic infiltrates consisting of T and B lymphocytes (31%) and/or diffuse (+1–2) infiltrates of predominantly CD8+ T lymphocytes (84%). In the majority of cases with adjacent normal parathyroid tissue, the normal rim was unaffected by the inflammatory infiltrates (96%). Presence of inflammatory infiltrates was associated with higher levels of serum-PTH (P = 0.007) and oxyphilic differentiation (P = 0.002). Co-existent autoimmune disease was observed in 27% of patients with inflammatory infiltrates, which in turn was associated with oxyphilic differentiation (P = 0.041). Additionally, prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs was associated with lower serum ionized calcium (P = 0.037).

Conclusions

No evidence of virus-like sequences in the parathyroid tumors could be found by transcriptome sequencing, suggesting that other factors may contribute to attract the immune system to the parathyroid tumor tissue.
Stem/progenitor cells in pituitary organ homeostasis and tumourigenesis
Authors: Haston Scott , Manshaei Saba , Martinez-Barbera Juan Pedro
Published: August 2017

Evidence for the presence of pituitary gland stem cells has been provided over the last decade using a combination of approaches includingin vitroclonogenicity assays, flow cytometric side population analysis, immunohistochemical analysis and genetic approaches. These cells have been demonstrated to be able to self-renew and undergo multipotent differentiation to give rise to all hormonal lineages of the anterior pituitary. Furthermore, evidence exists for their contribution to regeneration of the organ and plastic responses to changing physiological demand. Recently, stem-like cells have been isolated from pituitary neoplasms raising the possibility that a cytological hierarchy exists, in keeping with the cancer stem cell paradigm. In this manuscript, we review the evidence for the existence of pituitary stem cells, their role in maintaining organ homeostasis and the regulation of their differentiation. Furthermore, we explore the emerging concept of stem cells in pituitary tumours and their potential roles in these diseases.
End-of-life Management of Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker Therapy
Authors: Beurskens Niek EG ,   AMC Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Tjong Fleur VY ,   AMC Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Knops Reinoud E ,   AMC Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Published: August 2017

The clinically available leadless pacemakers for patients with a single-chamber pacing indication have shown to be safe and effective. However, the optimal end-of-life strategy of this novel technique is undefined. Suggested strategies comprise of (a) placing an additional leadless device adjacent to the leadless pacemaker, or (b) retrieving the non-functioning leadless pacemaker and subsequently implanting a new device. Although initial studies demonstrate promising results, early experience of acute and mid-term retrieval feasibility and safety remains mixed. We suggest that the approach of leadless pacemaker retrieval is more appealing to limit the amount of non-functioning intracardiac hardware. In addition, potential risks for device–device interference, and unknown long-term complications associated with multiple intracardiac devices are prevented. The potential inability to retrieve chronically implanted leadless pacemakers limits the application of this novel technology. Therefore, long-term prospective analysis is required to define the most optimal end-of-life strategy.
Diálogo ecumênico, promoção humana e busca da paz
Authors: Gomes Tiago De Fraga
Published: August 2017

A divisão entre os cristãos é uma realidade dramática. É urgente uma nova concepção identitária que prescinda de uma perspectiva polêmica e apologética, para abraçar uma postura mais fraternal e dialógica. Pensar ecumenicamente, segundo Wolff, requer disposição para entender as razões do outro, para receber críticas e para mudar de opinião caso seja necessário. Convivência, cooperação e diálogo são correlatos de toda ação ecumênica. Geffré propõe algumas condições para o diálogo ecumênico: respeito às diferenças, fidelidade à própria identidade, reconhecimento de certa igualdade entre os interlocutores e busca de pontos em comum sobre os quais se possam estabelecer acordos. Por coerência, os cristãos nunca deveriam renunciar à luta pela justiça, pelos direitos humanos e pela paz, e somente unidos terão chances de persistir nessa empreitada. Segundo Von Sinner, três valores ajudam no empenho ecumênico em busca da paz: confiança, esperança e serviço. A cooperação entre os cristãos no serviço à promoção humana e à busca da paz é o princípio e a culminância do empenho ecumênico.
Edith Stein em diálogo com Hedwig Conrad-Martius na interpretação da teoria do evolucionismo
Authors: Sberga Adair Aparecida
Published: August 2017

Edith Stein, pesquisadora sobre o conhecimento do ser humano e sua formação, amplia suas abordagens e conhecimentos na análise e discussão com outros teóricos. Dentre esses, confrontase com Hedwig Conrad-Martius, bióloga de grande projeção por suas investigações e publicações, que procuram integrar a pesquisa científica à investigação filosófica, no intuito de olhar a realidade global da natureza para descrever suas origens, estruturas e processo vital. Em seu texto Potência e Ato, Stein se confronta com Conrad-Martius, a partir da sua obra Diálogos Metafísicos e, por meio da sua interpretação e análise crítica, avança na compreensão das dimensões constitutivas da estrutura do ser humano ao compará-lo com os outros seres da natureza. Nesse percurso se depara com a teoria do evolucionismo e, em concordância com Conrad-Martius, afirma que essa deve ser tratada somente como teoria interpretativa e não como verdade, porque muitas das suas afirmações não podem ser comprovadas.
A sociologia econômica de Simmel e Bourdieu: considerações para um programa de pesquisa
Authors: Visser Ricardo
Published: August 2017

O intento de adentrar algumas das premissas teóricas contidas nos escritoseconômicos de Pierre Bourdieu e Georg Simmel tem como base a compreensãoda importância da investigação sobre práticas e condições econômicas. Ao invésde pressupor, de um lado, que práticas são apenas reflexos inerciais de condiçõeseconômicas, e, de outro, que práticas determinam as condições, mobiliza-se a ideia de uma dinâmica de condicionamento mútuo. Assim sendo, o acesso ao comportamento prospectivo com o dinheiro depende de condições prévias mais ou menos estáveis, permitindo ao agente perceber o uso potencial do dinheiro, não mais circunscrito ao imediato. A reconstrução dos dois autores tem essa preocupação como pano de fundo, buscando contribuir à renovação da teoria de classes.
Diversidad cultural en América Latina
Authors: Arocena Felipe , Sobottka Emil A.
Published: August 2017

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