bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediating role of depression in the association between alexithymia and nonsuicidal self-injury in a representative sample of adolescents in Taiwan
Authors: Tang Wen-Ching , Lin Min-Pei , Wu Jo Yung-Wei , Lee Yueh-Ting , You Jianing
Published: June 2022

Background

Nock’s (2009) integrated theoretical model suggests that specific intrapersonal vulnerability factors caused by distal risk factors contribute to the development of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Alexithymia and depression have been found to predict NSSI. Based on Nock’s model, alexithymia plays a distal risk factor role to increase the risk of depression—an intrapersonal vulnerability factor—and further increase the risk of NSSI. However, small or unrepresentative samples in past studies limit the generalizability of the results. This study examined the roles of depression and alexithymia in predicting NSSI, as well as the mediating effect of depression in the relation between alexithymia and NSSI in a large representative sample of adolescents in Taiwan.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional study design, a large representative sample of 2,170 senior high school students in Taiwan was assessed by self-report measures of alexithymia, depression, and NSSI. Mediation analyses were performed to examine whether the relation between alexithymia and NSSI was mediated by depression. The questionnaires were administered in classrooms.

Results

Results showed that alexithymia positively predicted NSSI (β = 0.23, p < .001) and depression can also positively predict NSSI (β = 0.41, p < .001). Additionally, the association between alexithymia and NSSI was fully mediated by depression.

Conclusions

This study data provided evidence for the mediating role of depression between alexithymia and NSSI, which can be explained by Nock’s (2009) integrated theoretical model. The implications of the findings for future research and intervention were discussed.
The development and validation of the Japanese version of job satisfaction scale: a cross-sectional study on home healthcare nurses
Authors: Mori Yoko , Sasaki Miki , Ogata Yasuko , Togari Taisuke
Published: June 2022

Objective

A reliable and valid tool is required to assess home healthcare nurses’ job satisfaction for evaluating and improving the work environment and clinical practice of home healthcare. This study aimed to develop and examine the Japanese version of the Home Healthcare Nurses’ Job Satisfaction Scale (HHNJS-J). The Home Healthcare Nurses’ Job Satisfaction Scale (HHNJS) was translated into Japanese; a backward translation was performed until equivalence between the original and the backward-translated HHNJS was confirmed. Subsequently, a mail survey was conducted among 409 home healthcare nurses from 154 home healthcare agencies in Japan. We evaluated construct validity through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and criterion-related validity and internal consistency were also tested.

Results

The CFA revealed a second-order seven-factor structure and adequate internal consistency, although, the fit of the data to the factor structure was moderate. As per the goodness-of-fit indices of the final model of the CFA, the comparative fit index was 0.89 and root mean square error of approximation was 0.06. This newly translated scale can be used to assess the job satisfaction of home healthcare nurses within Japan. The HHNJS-J evaluated acceptable reliability and validity among Japanese home healthcare nurses and had application in clinical practice in Japan.
Comparison of decomposition algorithms for identification of single motor units in ultrafast ultrasound image sequences of low force voluntary skeletal muscle contractions
Authors: Rohlén Robin , Yu Jun , Grönlund Christer
Published: June 2022

Objective

In this study, the aim was to compare the performance of four spatiotemporal decomposition algorithms (stICA, stJADE, stSOBI, and sPCA) and parameters for identifying single motor units in human skeletal muscle under voluntary isometric contractions in ultrafast ultrasound image sequences as an extension of a previous study. The performance was quantified using two measures: (1) the similarity of components’ temporal characteristics against gold standard needle electromyography recordings and (2) the agreement of detected sets of components between the different algorithms.

Results

We found that out of these four algorithms, no algorithm significantly improved the motor unit identification success compared to stICA using spatial information, which was the best together with stSOBI using either spatial or temporal information. Moreover, there was a strong agreement of detected sets of components between the different algorithms. However, stJADE (using temporal information) provided with complementary successful detections. These results suggest that the choice of decomposition algorithm is not critical, but there may be a methodological improvement potential to detect more motor units.
AMADAR: a python-based package for large scale prediction of Diels–Alder transition state geometries and IRC path analysis
Authors: Isamura Bienfait K. , Lobb Kevin A.
Published: June 2022

Predicting transition state geometries is one of the most challenging tasks in computational chemistry, which often requires expert-based knowledge and permanent human intervention. This short communication reports technical details and preliminary results of a python-based tool (AMADAR) designed to generate any Diels–Alder (DA) transition state geometry (TS) and analyze determined IRC paths in a (quasi-)automated fashion, given the product SMILES. Two modules of the package are devoted to performing, from IRC paths, reaction force analyses (RFA) and atomic (fragment) decompositions of the reaction force F and reaction force constant $$\kappa$$
κ
. The performance of the protocol has been assessed using a dataset of 2000 DA cycloadducts retrieved from the ZINC database. The sequential location of the corresponding TSs was achieved with a success rate of 95%. RFA plots confirmed the reaction force constant $$\kappa$$
κ
to be a good indicator of the (non)synchronicity of the associated DA reactions. Moreover, the atomic decomposition of $$\kappa$$
κ
allows for the rationalization of the (a)synchronicity of each DA reaction in terms of contributions stemming from pairs of interacting atoms. The source code of the AMADAR tool is available on GitHub [CMCDD/AMADAR(github.com)] and can be used directly with minor customizations, mostly regarding the local working environment of the user.

Graphical Abstract
Cost-effectiveness analysis of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
Authors: Qu Shui-ling , Wang Ai-ling , Yin Hong-mei , Deng Jin-qi , Wang Xiao-yan , Yang Ye-huan , Pan Xiao-ping , Zhang Tong
Published: June 2022

Background

The number of HIV-positive pregnant women accounted for about 10% of China’s total over the past few years in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan province in China. Although cost-effectiveness of the PMTCT of HIV have been evaluated in other previous studies, no specific study has been conducted in Liangshan prefecture, nor has the expenses paid individually by HIV-positive pregnant women been included. The purpose of this study was to evaluate both the short-term and long-term cost-effectiveness of PMTCT of HIV in Liangshan Prefecture from the social perspective.

Methods

From December 2018 to January 2019, individual expenses and the other costs were collected: individual expenses of 133 recruited HIV-positive pregnant women registered in the National Information System of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, Syphilis, and HBV, and the other costs from local maternal and child healthcare hospitals, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and general hospitals. The costs, the number of pediatric infections averted from being HIV infected were analyzed. And, Life years gained by pediatric infections averted were calculated by using a life table. Besides, Direct benefit was calculated through a Markov mode. Furthermore, One-way sensitivity analysis was conducted for key variables affecting the benefit–cost ratio.

Results

The estimated number of pediatric infections averted was 164.The total cost was USD 114.1 million, including direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, and indirect costs, which were USD 54.2 million, USD 53.4 million, and USD 6.5 million, respectively. 630.6 person-years discounted to 2017 were gained at a 3% annual rate, and cost per life year gained was USD 1809.50. Direct benefits were USD 198.4 million, indirect benefits USD 82.5 million, and the benefit–cost ratio was 1.5. The sensitivity analysis showed that if PMTCT costs hypothetically ranged from USD 85.6 million to USD 142.6 million, benefit–cost ratio would vary from 1.0 to 2.3.

Conclusions

PMTCT of HIV in Liangshan Prefecture was very cost-effective. It was a great economic burden of PMTCT on HIV-positive pregnant women and their families to take individual expenses. Therefore, it could be suggested that individual expenses should be covered as much as possible by different types of financing.
Psychometric properties of Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS)-short form: a Rasch rating model calibration approach
Authors: Kim Sae-Hyung , Cho Dongwook
Published: June 2022

Background

Leisure satisfaction has been one of primary variables to explain an individual’s choice of leisure and recreational activities’ participation. The Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS)-short form has been widely utilized to measure leisure and recreation participants’ satisfaction levels. However, limited research has been studied on the LSS-short form that would provide sufficient evidence to use it to measure individual leisure satisfaction levels. Thus, the purpose of the study was to determine whether the LSS-short form would be appropriate to measure individuals’ leisure satisfaction levels.

Method

The convenience sampling was used in this study from the south-central United States. The LSS-short form questionnaire was administered to 436 individuals after removing 20 surveys due to incomplete questions. The WINSTEPS computer program was utilized to analyze the Rating scale fit; Item fit; Differential Item Functioning (DIF); and Person-Item map by utilizing Rasch rating scale model.

Results

The results indicated that the five-point Likert-type LSS-short form was appropriate to utilize. Two of 24 LSS-short form items had overfit or misfit and were eliminated. DIF indicated that all remained 22 items were suitable to measure leisure satisfaction levels. Overall, 22 item were finally selected for the reconstructed version of the LSS-short form. In addition, Person-Item map showed that ability and item difficulty were fit matched.

Conclusions

As the importance of leisure has been increased, the newly reconstructed LSS-short form would be recommended to evaluate individual leisure satisfaction levels in future studies. Furthermore, leisure and recreation professionals can provide and develop effective leisure activities or programs by measuring individual’s leisure satisfaction level with the new version of LSS-short form.
Construction of a predictive model and prognosis of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with sepsis based on the diagnosis using left ventricular global longitudinal strain
Authors: Yu Jiangquan , Zheng Ruiqiang , Yang Penglei , Wang Daxin
Published: June 2022

Background

Cardiac dysfunction, a common complication of sepsis, is associated with increased mortality. However, its risk factors are poorly understood, and a predictive model might help in the management of cardiac dysfunction.

Methods

A monocentric prospective study of patients with sepsis was performed. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) was measured using echocardiography within 72 h of the patients diagnosed with sepsis, and the patients were categorized into two groups: LV GLS > -17%, left ventricular systolic dysfunction group (LVSD group); and LV GLS ≤ -17%, non-left ventricular systolic dysfunction group (Non-LVSD group). The baseline characteristics and prognosis of the two groups were analyzed. Based on the results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a predictive model of LVSD was established and a nomogram was drawn.

Results

Fifty-one left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with sepsis and 73 non-LVSD sepsis patients were included. Prognostic analysis showed that patients with LVSD had higher ICU mortality, in-hospital mortality, the incidence of atrial fibrillation (P < 0.05), and risk of death (HR = 3.104, 95% CI = 1.617–5.957, P < 0.001) compared to patients with non-LVSD. There were no significant differences in the rate of tracheal intubation, the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), the proportion of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), length of ICU stay, and length of hospital stay between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). High sensitive troponin I (Hs-TnI) ≥ 0.131 ng/ml, procalcitonin (PCT) ≥ 40 ng/ml, lactate (Lac) ≥ 4.2 mmol/L, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) ≥ 3270 pg/ml were found to be the best cut-off values for the prediction of LVSD.

Conclusion

Sepsis patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction had a higher risk of death and atrial fibrillation. Hs-TnI, PCT, Lac, and NT-proBNP were independent risk factors of LVSD, and the LVSD predictive model constructed using these factors showed good diagnostic performance.

Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry No: ChiCTR2000032128. Registered on 20 April 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=52531.
Radiomics and artificial intelligence in prostate cancer: new tools for molecular hybrid imaging and theragnostics
Authors: Liberini Virginia , Laudicella Riccardo , Balma Michele , Nicolotti Daniele G. , Buschiazzo Ambra , Grimaldi Serena , Lorenzon Leda , Bianchi Andrea , Peano Simona , Bartolotta Tommaso Vincenzo , Farsad Mohsen , Baldari Sergio , Burger Irene A. , Huellner Martin W. , Papaleo Alberto , Deandreis Désirée
Published: June 2022

In prostate cancer (PCa), the use of new radiopharmaceuticals has improved the accuracy of diagnosis and staging, refined surveillance strategies, and introduced specific and personalized radioreceptor therapies. Nuclear medicine, therefore, holds great promise for improving the quality of life of PCa patients, through managing and processing a vast amount of molecular imaging data and beyond, using a multi-omics approach and improving patients’ risk-stratification for tailored medicine. Artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics may allow clinicians to improve the overall efficiency and accuracy of using these “big data” in both the diagnostic and theragnostic field: from technical aspects (such as semi-automatization of tumor segmentation, image reconstruction, and interpretation) to clinical outcomes, improving a deeper understanding of the molecular environment of PCa, refining personalized treatment strategies, and increasing the ability to predict the outcome. This systematic review aims to describe the current literature on AI and radiomics applied to molecular imaging of prostate cancer.
Molecular characterization of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal RNA gene, haplotypes and pathogenicity of potato rot nematode Ditylenchus destructor in China
Authors: Li Yunqing , Huang Liqiang , Jiang Ru , Han Shangming , Chang Qing , Li Yingmei , Chen Zhijie , Peng Huan , Huang Wenkun , Guo Jingmin , Li Huixia , Liu Shiming , Peng Deliang
Published: June 2022

Potato rot nematodeDitylenchus destructoris one of the most damaging pests in potato-producing regions and causes severe yield losses worldwide. However,D. destructorhas been rarely reported in potato crops in China. We collected 542 samples from 17 Chinese provinces during 2016–2020 for the detection ofD. destructorusing species-specific primers and universal primers targeting ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) or 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences.D. destructorwas detected in 14.94% of total samples, primarily in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (43 sites), Jilin Province (12 sites), and Shaanxi Province (9 sites). The nematode was for the first time detected in Guizhou Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Phylogenetic analysis of 33 ITS sequences along with the prediction of the secondary structure of the helix H9 of ITS1 sequences revealed that haplotypes A, B, and C accounted for 6.06%, 9.09%, and 69.70% of our detections, respectively, while 15.15% were comprised of haplotypes H–L, and extensive genetic diversity of ITS sequences was detected in samples from Gansu Province. Using RNAfold software, we analyzed the haplotypes of 124 ChineseD. destructorpopulations based on their ITS sequences, and the results showed that haplotypes A, B, C, E, F, and new haplotypes M–P accounted for 49.19%, 12.10%, 15.32%, 3.23%, 1.61%, and 18.55% of the total sequences, respectively. Infection tests on the potato cultivar ‘Helan 15’ showed significant difference in infection capacity among differentD. destructorpopulations. The information obtained in this study on spatial patterns ofD. destructorhaplotypes in China provides valuable insights into the development of an integrated approach for the management of this plant-parasitic nematode.
Recognizing the emergency department’s role in oncologic care: a review of the literature on unplanned acute care
Authors: Lash Rebecca S. , Hong Arthur S. , Bell Janice F. , Reed Sarah C. , Pettit Nicholas
Published: June 2022

Background

The global prevalence of cancer is rapidly increasing and will increase the acute care needs of patients with cancer, including emergency department (ED) care. Patients with cancer present to the ED across the cancer care continuum from diagnosis through treatment, survivorship, and end-of-life. This article describes the characteristics and determinants of ED visits, as well as challenges in the effort to define preventable ED visits in this population.

Findings

The most recent population-based estimates suggest 4% of all ED visits are cancer-related and roughly two thirds of these ED visits result in hospitalization—a 4-fold higher ED hospitalization rate than the general population. Approximately 44% of cancer patients visit the ED within 1 year of diagnosis, and more often have repeat ED visits within a short time frame, though there is substantial variability across cancer types. Similar patterns of cancer-related ED use are observed internationally across a range of different national payment and health system settings. ED use for patients with cancer likely reflects a complex interaction of individual and contextual factors—including provider behavior, health system characteristics, and health policies—that warrants greater attention in the literature.

Conclusions

Given the amount and complexity of cancer care delivered in the emergency setting, future research is recommended to examine specific symptoms associated with cancer-related ED visits, the contextual determinants of ED use, and definitions of preventable ED use specific to patients with cancer.
Selpercatinib-Induced Hypothyroidism Through Off-Target Inhibition of Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase
Authors: Boucai Laura , Salas-Lucia Federico , Krishnamoorthy Gnana P. , Sherman Eric , Rudin Charles M. , Drilon Alexander , Bianco Antonio C. , Fagin James A.
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE

The development of the selective RET inhibitors selpercatinib and pralsetinib has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic progressive RET-mutant medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and other RET-driven cancers, given their more favorable side-effect profile. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of selpercatinib-induced thyroid dysfunction in athyreotic patients with RET-mutant MTC and in patients with RET-mutant non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had a functional thyroid.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Thyroid hormone levels were evaluated in an observational cohort of five athyreotic patients with MTC and 30 patients with NSCLC before and after initiation of selpercatinib. In vitro experiments to identify the mechanism of selpercatinib-induced thyroid dysfunction were conducted in cells expressing endogenous D1, D2, and D3 iodothyronine deiodinases.

RESULTS

Upon initiating treatment with selpercatinib, athyreotic patients developed clinical hypothyroidism with approximately 60% lower T3 levels despite adequate levothyroxine supplementation, whereas in patients with NSCLC, who retain a normal thyroid, selpercatinib resulted in a more attenuated reduction in serum T3, which was dose-dependent. We conducted studies in cells endogenously expressing either D1, D2, or D3, the three iodothyronine deiodinases. Selpercatinib inhibited D2-mediated T3 production in MSTO-211 cells by 50%. A modest repression of D2 mRNA was present in human thyroid cancer TT cells that express RET, but not in the MSTO-211 cells that do not. No effect of the drug was observed on D1 (activating deiodinase) or D3 (inactivating deiodinase). Thus, a nontranscriptional effect of selpercatinib on D2 activity is the most plausible explanation for the low T3 levels.

CONCLUSION

An off-target effect of selpercatinib on D2-mediated T3 production leads to clinical hypothyroidism, primarily in levothyroxine-treated athyreotic patients. Liothyronine supplementation was needed to achieve normal T3 levels and restore clinical euthyroidism.
Pierre Bonnard: Bringing Painting to Life
Authors: de Bolla Peter
Published: June 2022

The French artist Pierre Bonnard created more than two thousand paintings, many of them now dispersed around museums across the world. He painted in a slightly eccentric manner—on unstretched canvas—and often worked on these paintings over decades. They typically depict closed spaces, interiors, that open out to vistas beyond the room. He also produced a number of self-portraits and a very large number of paintings depicting his muse, Marthe, often going about her toilette. Almost of all these paintings have very strange effects—for the most part overlooked by viewers from his own time to today. These effects, which Peter de Bolla calls “ghosts,” are often depictions hiding in plain sight. In this essay, de Bolla patiently explores how such effects can be seen in one painting, La salle à manger sur le jardin (1930–31), leading the viewer into the strange world Bonnard depicted.
Stereotactic Neurosurgical Robotics With Real-Time Patient Tracking: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Robertson Faith C. , Wu Kyle C. , Sha Raahil M. , Amich Jose M. , Lal Avinash , Lee Benjamin H. , Kirollos Ramez W. , Chen Min Wei , Gormley William B.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:

Robotic neurosurgery may improve the accuracy, speed, and availability of stereotactic procedures. We recently developed a computer vision and artificial intelligence–driven frameless stereotaxy for nonimmobilized patients, creating an opportunity to develop accurate and rapidly deployable robots for bedside cranial intervention.

OBJECTIVE:

To validate a portable stereotactic surgical robot capable of frameless registration, real-time tracking, and accurate bedside catheter placement.

METHODS:

Four human cadavers were used to evaluate the robot's ability to maintain low surface registration and targeting error for 72 intracranial targets during head motion, ie, without rigid cranial fixation. Twenty-four intracranial catheters were placed robotically at predetermined targets. Placement accuracy was verified by computed tomography imaging.

RESULTS:

Robotic tracking of the moving cadaver heads occurred with a program runtime of 0.111 ± 0.013 seconds, and the movement command latency was only 0.002 ± 0.003 seconds. For surface error tracking, the robot sustained a 0.588 ± 0.105 mm registration accuracy during dynamic head motions (velocity of 6.647 ± 2.360 cm/s). For the 24 robotic-assisted intracranial catheter placements, the target registration error was 0.848 ± 0.590 mm, providing a user error of 0.339 ± 0.179 mm.

CONCLUSION:

Robotic-assisted stereotactic procedures on mobile subjects were feasible with this robot and computer vision image guidance technology. Frameless robotic neurosurgery potentiates surgery on nonimmobilized and awake patients both in the operating room and at the bedside. It can affect the field through improving the safety and ability to perform procedures such as ventriculostomy, stereo electroencephalography, biopsy, and potentially other novel procedures. If we envision catheter misplacement as a “never event,” robotics can facilitate that reality.
Endoscopic Endonasal Eustachian Tube Obliteration for Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: A Case Series and Scoping Review
Authors: Rimmer Ryan , Lilly Gabriela , Gupta Sachin , Ciporen Jeremy , Detwiller Kara , Cetas Justin , Dogan Aclan , Geltzeiler Mathew
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:

Endoscopic endonasal eustachian tube obliteration (EEETO) is a valuable option for treating cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (CSFR) after lateral skull base surgery. Several small case series describe different techniques because of the rarity of this indication.

OBJECTIVE:

To review available literature on EEETO focusing on technique and factors affecting success. We also contribute a new case series using a knotless barbed suture technique.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective chart review of EEETO using barbed suture for CSFR at our institution from 2018 to 2021. Scoping review was performed by searching PubMed for articles on EEETO for CSFR. Patients were pooled for data syntheses.

RESULTS:

Our retrospective series contained 7 patients. Two patients (28.6%) required revision, but all were ultimately successful. Six studies were identified in scoping review for a combined total of 23 patients. Most of the patients initially underwent translabyrinthine (52.2%) resection of vestibular schwannoma (82.6%). Average time to initial CSFR was 362.6 days (standard deviation ± 1034.2, range 0-4320 days). Twenty-two patients underwent lumbar drain, and 11 underwent prior surgical attempts before EEETO. The initial success rate of EEETO was 65.2%. In 8 patients needing revision, EEETO was ultimately successful in 6. There were no differences in demographics or presentation between successful and revision cases. Seven different techniques were described.

CONCLUSION:

EEETO can treat CSFR after lateral skull base surgery. Revision surgery is common and difficult to predict. Several techniques have been described, and utilization of barbed suture is a viable method with comparable success, but without the need for endoscopic knot tying.
The effect of exercise interventions on inflammatory markers in major depressive disorder: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Grunberg Diana , Martin Jason A. , Cryan John F. , O’Halloran Ken D. , Kelleher Eric , Dinan Timothy G. , Clarke Gerard
Published: June 2022

Background: Depression currently affects 4.4% of the global population, and 93.7% of this population suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD) according to 2017 statistics. MDD patients are more likely to suffer from co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease and high body mass index (BMI), thus contributing to its large cost to society. Throughout the literature, there are known links between inflammation and MDD. Interestingly, while exercise is considered a promising intervention for MDD, the mechanism(s) of action remain unclear, thereby preventing the creation of optimal, cost-saving, exercise “prescriptions” for those with MDD. Thus, the aim of this review and meta-analysis is to summarize and analyse the current literature exploring how quantified exercise interventions modulate inflammatory molecules in MDD patients.

Methods: Electronic databases (APA PsycINFO, and PubMed/MEDLINE (EBSCO interface), EMBASE) will be searched using a detailed search strategy comprised of three search term themes: exercise, depression/MDD, and inflammation/inflammatory molecules. Only quantified exercise interventions performed in adult humans with MDD validated via a recognized diagnostic criterion will be included. Studies should also include a MDD control group and explore changes in inflammatory molecules. Examples of these molecules include: C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), homocysteine, d-dimer and myeloperoxidase (MPO). After eligible studies are identified, standardized data extraction will be employed and the risk of bias in each study will be appraised using the Cochrane handbook checklists. In the event of two or more homogenous studies exploring exercise effects over a similar time period, raw mean differences or standardized mean differences will be pooled using random effects analysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Dissemination: This systematic review and meta-analysis will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals.

PROSPERO registration: CRD42020186006 (31/08/2020)
Facilitating transformative innovations in sustainability education
Authors: Melin Martin , Lieblein Geir , Breland Tor Arvid , Francis Charles
Published: June 2022

Educational strategies globally are changing from an authoritative, top-down model to one focused on greater student and stakeholder participation in planning and implementation of research and educational activities. In addition to emphasis on student-centered education, strategies currently evolve to encompass learning organizations and multistakeholder learning networks. These are essential to address the complexity and scope of tomorrow’s challenges, involving issues that could be called ’wicked problems’ not easily addressed by single disciplines nor resulting in solutions that please all the players. In this study we describe how a transformative innovation – the NEXTFOOD educational approach – may contribute substantially to a transition of agricultural and food education and how it can be developed and diffused within and between teaching institutions. The method was action research informed by several workshops organized at annual consortium conferences during the first three years of the project. The findings show that a successful transformation involves learning both within and across innovation projects repeated at various organisations in a network. The action research model presented in this paper may be useful as an instrument to support the facilitation of transformative innovations. The transition process resulted in substantial changes in mindset, educational practices and organisational structures at the teaching institutions. However, scaling-up promising educational initiatives may encounter several barriers that need to be overcome at individual, group and institutional levels, and we provide insight on how this can be accomplished in a multi-national consortium of universities.
cellmlmanip and chaste_codegen: automatic CellML to C++ code generation with fixes for singularities and automatically generated Jacobians
Authors: Hendrix Maurice , Clerx Michael , Tamuri Asif U , Keating Sarah M , Johnstone Ross H , Cooper Jonathan , Mirams Gary R
Published: June 2022

Hundreds of different mathematical models have been proposed for describing electrophysiology of various cell types. These models are quite complex (nonlinear systems of typically tens of ODEs and sometimes hundreds of parameters) and software packages such as the Cancer, Heart and Soft Tissue Environment (Chaste) C++ library have been designed to run simulations with these models in isolation or coupled to form a tissue simulation. The complexity of many of these models makes sharing and translating them to new simulation environments difficult. CellML is an XML format that offers a widely-adopted solution to this problem. This paper specifically describes the capabilities of two new Python tools: the cellmlmanip library for reading and manipulating CellML models; and chaste_codegen, a CellML to C++ converter. These tools provide a Python 3 replacement for a previous Python 2 tool (called PyCML) and they also provide additional new features that this paper describes. Most notably, they can generate analytic Jacobians without the use of proprietary software, and also find singularities occurring in equations and automatically generate and apply linear approximations to prevent numerical problems at these points.
Benthic marine litter in the Marmara Sea, Turkey
Authors: Şirin Murat , Daban İsmail Burak , İşmen Ali , Arslan İhsanoğlu Mukadder
Published: June 2022

This study presents the first data on benthic marine litter in the Marmara Sea, Turkey. To obtain the data, bottom trawl surveys were conducted at 34 sites between May 2017 and February 2018. The litter items were sampled and sorted following the MEDITS’ relevant instructions. 660 pieces of litter, weighing 434.9 kg, were sampled. The litter density was found to range between 27.5 n/km2 and 661.2 n/km2, averaging 73.9 n/km2, and the obtained items’ weights ranged between 0.03 kg/km2 and 1597.8 kg/km2, averaging 48.7 kg/km2. The plastic group L1 constituted 71.7% of the trawled litter. The highest mean litter density was detected in the Northeastern Marmara Sea in the spring and summer of 2018. The mean benthic litter density was found to be higher than the nearby areas. It was concluded that more effort should be invested in reducing marine pollution.
Vitamins A, E, C, β -carotene contents and MDA level of freshwater mussel, (Unio elongatulus eucirrus Bourguignat 1860) in the Karakaya Dam Lake
Authors: Şahin Ayşe Gül , Karatepe Mustafa
Published: June 2022

In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of domestic and agricultural discharge on the level of antioxidant vitamins A, E, C, β-carotene and malondialdehyde (MDA, an indicator of oxidative stress) in the muscle tissue of freshwater mussel as known bioindicator (Unio elongatulus eucirrus). The freshwater mussels were collected from Arguvan (uncontaminated reference site) and Battalgazi (exposed to discharge site) in the Karakaya Dam Lake. In order to examine the effect of this discharge on freshwater mussel collected from these two different regions, antioxidant vitamins A, E, C, β carotene and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The comparison between groups from the different localities showed that concentrations of the vitamins A, E, C, β-carotene and MDA were found statistically significant according to between the localities (p<0.05) The results showed that vitamins levels were higher and MDA levels were lower in the reference site.
Differential Impact of Content in Online Communication on Heterogeneous Candidates: A Field Study in Technical Recruitment
Authors: Aggarwal Rohit , Lee Michael J. , Midha Vishal
Published: June 2022

Recruitment is a critical activity for companies, and companies often communicate how they value their employees along with job requirements to potential candidates in a bid to attract them. However, there is an overall lack of understanding of how candidates react to such information and how their motivation toward the job changes with such online communication. Although there is substantial work that examines the decision-making process of managers who do technical hiring, to the best of our knowledge, there is a paucity of work that investigates the decision-making process of technical candidates. The broad research question studied is how including certain content in online communication about a technical job opportunity may (de)motivate heterogeneous candidates differently in applying for the job. We capture mediating variables, such as candidate prior performance and candidate experience level, that influence the effect of different online content on candidates’ propensity to apply and on candidates’ minimum acceptable salary increase. By testing actual job application behavior in a field study, we find that content related to employee work efforts or personal interests can attract high performers while discouraging low performers from applying in different contexts.
Robust and Heterogenous Odds Ratio: Estimating Price Sensitivity for Unbought Items
Authors: Pauphilet Jean
Published: June 2022

Problem definition: Mining for heterogeneous responses to an intervention is a crucial step for data-driven operations, for instance, to personalize treatment or pricing. We investigate how to estimate price sensitivity from transaction-level data. In causal inference terms, we estimate heterogeneous treatment effects when (a) the response to treatment (here, whether a customer buys a product) is binary, and (b) treatment assignments are partially observed (here, full information is only available for purchased items). Methodology/Results: We propose a recursive partitioning procedure to estimate heterogeneous odds ratio, a widely used measure of treatment effect in medicine and social sciences. We integrate an adversarial imputation step to allow for robust estimation even in presence of partially observed treatment assignments. We validate our methodology on synthetic data and apply it to three case studies from political science, medicine, and revenue management. Managerial implications: Our robust heterogeneous odds ratio estimation method is a simple and intuitive tool to quantify heterogeneity in patients or customers and personalize interventions, while lifting a central limitation in many revenue management data.

History: This paper has been accepted as part of the 2020 MSOM Data Driven Research Challenge.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1118 .
Technical Note—Revenue Volatility Under Uncertain Network Effects
Authors: Baron Opher , Hu Ming , Malekian Azarakhsh
Published: June 2022

What is the revenue prediction of a seller in selling digital goods when the seller does not have full information about the extent of externality of users? In “Technical Note—Revenue Volatility Under Uncertain Network Effects,” Baron, Hu, and Malekian address this question by characterizing how the seller’s revenue prediction depends on the underlying network structure and the available information to the seller.
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a clinical review
Authors: Haggan Katherine , Mortimore Gerri
Published: June 2022

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) is one of the most common medical emergencies, with around 85 000 cases per year in the UK, and carries a 10% hospital mortality rate. Despite significant improvements in treatments, this mortality rate has not improved significantly in the past 50 years. Deaths are rarely directly associated with exsanguination but are related to poorly tolerated blood loss and resultant shock, aspiration and complications of therapeutic procedures. As such, mortality from AUGIB is strongly associated with advanced age and presence of severe comorbidity. This clinical review will define what AUGIB is and discuss its treatment and management. In addition, it will consider and critique the available scoring systems used for risk stratification of this condition, as well as offer insight into the research underpinning the relevant guidelines and service provision across the NHS.
Managing eczema in older adults: A guide for primary care nurses
Authors: Perry Margaret
Published: June 2022

Margaret Perry looks at the diagnosis and treatment of these common, and painful, skin conditions
Multidrug-resistant Salmonella species from chicken meat sold at Surabaya Traditional Markets, Indonesia
Authors: FANISSA FARAH , EFFENDI MUSTOFA HELMI , TYASNINGSIH WIWIEK , UGBO EMMANUEL NNABUIKE
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Fanissa F, Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W, Ugbo EN. 2022. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella species from chicken meat sold at Surabaya Traditional Markets, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2823-2829. Salmonella species is one of the major infectious pathogens associated with poultry birds, which also has an impact on public health. Antimicrobials are used as growth promoters or treatment of diseases thus; this encourages the persistent spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to identify multidrug-resistant Salmonella species from traditional chicken meat sold at Surabaya markets. A total of 150 chicken meat swab samples were collected from five different traditional markets and identified using microbiological standard methods. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method identified multidrug-resistant Salmonella species on five different antibiotics discs. A low prevalence of Salmonella species was detected with a frequency of 11.3% (17/150). Some of the Salmonella isolates showed strong resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, aztreonam, and chloramphenicol. Five (29.4%) out of seventeen were multidrug-resistant Salmonella species. The presence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella species in these traditional markets is worrisome, since, it can lead to an outbreak of Salmonellosis as a result of the consumption of contaminated chicken meat. Therefore, the detection of multidrug-resistant Salmonella species is significant in understanding their prevalence and development of AMR. More strong awareness education and monitoring programs are recommended to mitigate the persistent spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Short Communication: Effectiveness of cinnamon leaf extract to control anthracnose disease on large chilies in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: DARMADI ANAK AGUNG KETUT , SURIANI NI LUH , GINANTRA I KETUT , SUDIRGA SANG KETUT
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Darmadi AAK, Suriani NL, Ginantra IK, Sudirga SK. 2022. Short Communication: Effectiveness of cinnamon leaf extract to control anthracnose disease on large chilies in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2859-2864. The use of synthetic fungicides for plants is very dangerous because it has a negative impact on the environment. In the context of implementing eco-friendly, sustainable agriculture, efforts need to be made to reduce the negative impact caused by the use of synthetic fungicides. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of a crude extract of cinnamon leaves, observe the inhibition effect on fungi by scanning electron microscope, and test the formulation of cinnamon leaf extract against anthracnose disease on large chilies in the field. Cinnamon leaf crude extract showed inhibition zone of 35 mm diameter against Colletotrichum acutatum. The extract showed strong inhibition so further used as biofungicide in field experiments. Based on scanning electron microscopy, cinnamon leaf extract can damage to the fungal cell wall. Cinnamon leaf extract formula was found effective in reducing disease percentage and intensity of anthracnose disease in experimental fields. In the treatment, a concentration of 0.5% to 1.5% can inhibit the percentage of disease ranging from 29.4% to 100%. Concentrations of 0.5% to 1.5% can prevent disease severity from 35.8% to 100%.
Early field growth performance of ten selected bamboo taxa: The case study of Sabal bamboo pilot project in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: HASSAN NURUL HUSNA MOHD , ABDULLAH NIZAM , KELANA DAYANG NORZIEYANA AWANG , PERUMAL MUGUNTHAN
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Hassan NHM, Abdullah N, Kelana DNA, Perumal M. 2022. Early field growth performance of ten selected bamboo taxa: The case study of Sabal bamboo pilot project in Sarawak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 23: 2882-2892. Information on early growth performance and survival rate of bamboos are pivotal for the development of the Sarawak bamboo industry. Thus, a study on the early growth performance of ten bamboo taxa was conducted at the Sarawak Bamboo Pilot Project site in Sabal, Simunjan, Sarawak, Malaysia. Six taxa were originated from Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and the other four bamboo taxa were originated locally from Sarawak. Study sites were established at bamboo plantation areas at different age stands. Two replications of data for each taxon involving 50 readings (25 readings for one replication) were measured and quantified for growth parameters of the number of culms per clump, number of new shoots, culm diameter, and culm height. The findings indicated that Gigantochloa hasskarliana (Busi bamboo) had the highest number of culms per clump (43) while Guadua angustifolia (Duri bamboo) had the highest number of new bamboo shoots (2.93). Nonetheless, Dendrocalamus asper (Green) had the highest culm diameter (3.61 cm) while Bambusa balcooa (Bema bamboo) had the highest culm height (8.36 m). The results showed that different bamboo species have different early growth performances, thus further detailed investigation and long-term monitoring period are required to achieve the commercial plantation scale, especially in Sarawak.
Land cover change impact analysis: an integration of remote sensing, GIS and DPSIR framework to deal with degraded land in Lepan Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: RAHMAWATY RAHMAWATY , RAUF ABDUL , HARAHAP MOEHAR MARAGHIY , KURNIWAN HARRY
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Rahmawaty, Rauf, A, Harahap MM, Kurniwan H. 2022. Land cover change impact analysis: an integration of remote sensing, GIS and DPSIR framework to deal with degraded land in Lepan Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3000-3011. The Lepan Watershed is located in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The types of land cover in the Lepan Watershed were examined to analyze the impact of changes in land cover over periods of five years and ten years (2009-2014-2019). This study used three analyses: analysis of land cover type, land cover change, causes and impacts of those changes, and government responses to those changes. Analysis of land cover types and changes was conducted using geographic information system (GIS). The land cover change impacts were analyzed using the driving forces, pressure, state, impact, and response (DPSIR) approach. Twelve land cover types were identified, i.e., water body, dryland forest, industry, mixed garden, open land, mangrove, rubber plantation, oil palm plantation, settlement, paddy field, shrub, and pond. For five years, changes in land cover occurred in the Lepan Watershed. During ten years (2009-2019), the mixed garden, oil palm plantation, and settlement increased, while dryland forest, mangrove, rubber plantation, paddy field, shrub, and pond decreased. The water body and industry land cover types did not undergo extensive changes over the past five and ten years. Changes in land cover resulted in the following impacts: decreasing biodiversity, increasing the risk of floods, increasing damage to mangroves, and decreasing rice production. The prevention of land-use change to maintain environmental sustainability is a shared responsibility of all stakeholders.