bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the presentation reform of R&D expenses in China ease financial constraints in corporate innovation?
Authors: li Zhou , liu Bin , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: February 2023

Focusing on a sample of 9387 observations in China over the period 2016−2019, this paper empirically examines whether the presentation reform of R&D expenses that is changed from notes to income statements, mitigates corporate financial constraints of Chinese listed companies. Findings offer evidence that the financial constraints of firms decrease after the policy change, which is owing to the alleviation of information asymmetry. Further analysis reveals that the effect of the presentation reform on financial constraints is less prominent among companies that are state‐owned, audited by the “Big four” and of higher institutional ownership. Overall, our study provides evidence supporting the influences of the format reform of financial reports and has implications for information users, regulators, and standard setters.
Antiretroviral treatment reveals a novel role for lysosomes in oligodendrocyte maturation
Authors: Festa Lindsay K. , Clyde Abigail E. , Long Caela C. , Roth Lindsay M. , Grinspan Judith B. , Jordan‐Sciutto Kelly L.
Published: January 2023

White matter deficits are a common neuropathologic finding in neurologic disorders, including HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). In HAND, the persistence of white matter alterations despite suppressive antiretroviral (ARV) therapy suggests that ARVs may be directly contributing to these impairments. Here, we report that a frontline ARV, bictegravir (BIC), significantly attenuates remyelination following cuprizone‐mediated demyelination, a model that recapitulates acute demyelination, but has no impact on already formed mature myelin. Mechanistic studies utilizing primary rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) revealed that treatment with BIC leads to significant decrease in mature oligodendrocytes accompanied by lysosomal deacidification and impairment of lysosomal degradative capacity with no alterations in lysosomal membrane permeability or total lysosome number. Activation of the endolysosomal cation channel TRPML1 prevents both lysosomal deacidification and impairment of oligodendrocyte differentiation by BIC. Lastly, we show that deacidification of lysosomes by compounds that raise lysosomal pH is sufficient to prevent maturation of oligodendrocytes. Overall, this study has uncovered a critical role for lysosomal acidification in modulating oligodendrocyte function and has implications for neurologic diseases characterized by lysosomal dysfunction and white matter abnormalities.

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Intralesional injection of platelet‐rich plasma versus steroid in the treatment of oral lichen planus
Authors: ElGhareeb Mohamed Ibrahim , Ghoneimy Soheir , Elsayed Asmaa
Published: January 2023

Background

Oral licen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease and may have immunological background. Both intralesional injection of PRP and steroids succeeded in treating and decreasing recurrence of the disease.

Patients and Methods

Twenty‐four participants with clinically diagnosed as OLP were enrolled in this study. We separated the patients in 2 groups, 12 patients in group A were treated by intralesional PRP every two weeks for 2 months or stopped if healing occurred earlier. Group B (12 patients) treated by intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide (TA) (20 mg) every two weeks for 2 months or may be less if healing occurred earlier. The response of OLP lesions to treatment was evaluated by reduction of lesional areas, REU scores, and NRS scores. The patients with complete response (CR; 80%–100% reduction in the lesion area) were followed for 3 months biweekly.

Results

There was a statistically significant decrease in REU and pain score in both groups after treatment compared to before. There was a statistically increase in frequency of side effects among patients received PRP especially pain compared to those treated by steroid. Also, recurrence of the disease after treatment during follow‐up for 3 months was more significant among patients treated by PRP.

Conclusion

Intralesional PRP is a good and safe modality for treatment of OLP and intralesional TA. However, there were some side effects and recurrence of disease after follow‐up for three months in patients treated by PRP more than those treated by TA.
Effectiveness of combination therapy of broadband light and intradermal injection of tranexamic acid in the treatment of chloasma
Authors: Jia Zou , Tian Kai , Zhong Yuanyuan , Wang Xiaoyun , Gao Suyue , Xu Wushuang , Li Ke , Wu Lijun
Published: January 2023

Objective

To investigate the efficacy and safety of broadband light (BBL) combined with intradermal injection of tranexamic acid for treating melasma.

Methods

120 women with melasma admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to April 2022 were randomly categorized into the following groups: control group, treated with 250 mg tranexamic acid given orally twice daily, except during menstruation; group I, treated with BBL (Sciton, Inc., USA) monthly; group II, received intradermal injections of tranexamic acid monthly; and group III, treated with BBL with intradermal injection of tranexamic acid monthly. Treatment in each group lasted three months. The MASI (Melasma Area Severity Index) and VISIA (Canfield VISIA Complexion Analysis) were used for evaluation.

Results

After treatment course, MASI scores and VISIA brown spot and red zone ranking improved in all four groups (p < 0.05). The decrease in MASI scores and improvement rates of VISIA brown spot and red zone rankings were not significantly different among the control group, group I, and group II; however, the decreased MASI scores and improvement rates of VISIA brown spot and red zone rankings were significantly higher in group III than in the other three groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The effect of BBL combined with the intradermal injection of TA in the treatment of melasma is remarkable. This combination therapy can be an alternative and effective treatment for managing melasma.
Rural–urban differences in personality traits and well‐being in adulthood
Authors: Atherton Olivia E. , Willroth Emily C. , Graham Eileen K. , Luo Jing , Mroczek Daniel K. , Lewis‐Thames Marquita W.
Published: February 2023

Objective

One large focus of personality psychology is to understand the biopsychosocial factors responsible for adult personality development and well‐being change. However, little is known about how macro‐level contextual factors, such as rurality–urbanicity, are related to personality development and well‐being change.

Method

The present study uses data from two large longitudinal studies of U.S. Americans (MIDUS, HRS) to examine whether there are rural–urban differences in levels and changes in the Big Five personality traits and well‐being (i.e., psychological well‐being, and life satisfaction) in adulthood.

Results

Multilevel models showed that Americans who lived in more rural areas tended to have lower levels of openness, conscientiousness, and psychological well‐being, and higher levels of neuroticism. With the exception of psychological well‐being (which replicated across MIDUS and HRS), rural–urban differences in personality traits were only evident in the HRS sample. The effect of neuroticism was fully robust to the inclusion of socio‐demographic and social network covariates, but other effects were partially robust (i.e., conscientiousness and openness) or were not robust at all (i.e., psychological well‐being). In both samples, there were no rural–urban differences in Big Five or well‐being change.

Conclusions

We discuss the implications of these findings for personality and rural health research.
Mormyrid fish as models for investigating sensory‐motor integration: A behavioural perspective
Authors: Skeels S. , von der Emde G. , Burt de Perera T.
Published: January 2023

Animals possess senses which gather information from their environment. They can tune into important aspects of this information and decide on the most appropriate response, requiring coordination of their sensory and motor systems. This interaction is bidirectional. Animals can actively shape their perception with self‐driven motion, altering sensory flow to maximise the environmental information they are able to extract. Mormyrid fish are excellent candidates for studying sensory‐motor interactions, because they possess a unique sensory system (the active electric sense) and exhibit notable behaviours that seem to be associated with electrosensing. This review will take a behavioural approach to unpicking this relationship, using active electrolocation as an example where body movements and sensing capabilities are highly related and can be assessed in tandem. Active electrolocation is the process where individuals will generate and detect low‐voltage electric fields to locate and recognise nearby objects. We will focus on research in the mormyrid Gnathonemus petersii (G. petersii), given the extensive study of this species, particularly its object recognition abilities. By studying object detection and recognition, we can assess the potential benefits of self‐driven movements to enhance selection of biologically relevant information. Finally, these findings are highly relevant to understanding the involvement of movement in shaping the sensory experience of animals that use other sensory modalities. Understanding the overlap between sensory and motor systems will give insight into how different species have become adapted to their environments.
Predation risk in tree squirrels: implications of the presence of free‐ranging dogs
Authors: Tobajas J. , Ramos‐López B. , Piqué J. , Sanchez‐Rojas G.
Published: February 2023

Small mammals show variations in activity patterns due to the use of resources and the risk of predation. However, in the case of tree squirrel species, the factors that affect their activity patterns are poorly studied. We used camera trapping to investigate the activity patterns of three different squirrel species of the genus Sciurus, two species of squirrel (Sciurus aureogaster and S. oculatus) from Mexico and one from the Iberian Peninsula (S. vulgaris). In addition, we compared their activity patterns with the potential predator community and their most important predators (Mexico: gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus, ringtail Bassariscus astutus, Opossum Didelphis virginiana; Spain: red fox Vulpes vulpes, pine and stone marten Martes spp.), and with feral and free‐ranging dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). We evaluated the predation risk by the carnivore community on the squirrels when they descend to the ground by studying their temporal overlap and observing if the squirrels have different activity patterns adjusted to the carnivore community in each study area. The results showed that the three species of squirrels consistently descended to the ground during the day, showing a variable maximum peak of activity between 8:00 and 12:00 h. Temporal overlap of activity patterns of the three species with the carnivore community was low (Δ = 0.12–0.36), same as with the main predators (Mexico: gray fox Δ = 0.14–0.21, ringtail Δ = 0.08–0.09, opossum Δ = 0.06–0.07; Spain: red fox Δ = 0.39, martens Δ = 0.22). However, temporal overlap of activity patterns with the domestic dog was moderate‐high in the three squirrel species (Mexico Δ = 0.55–0.88, Spain Δ = 0.79). These results show that the species of the genus Sciurus have adjusted their activity patterns of ground use to reduce predation risk by wild predators but not with feral and free‐ranging dogs, something which can pose a serious conservation problem for these species.
The multi‐BRCT domain protein DDRM2 promotes the recruitment of RAD51 to DNA damage sites to facilitate homologous recombination
Authors: Yu Chen , Hou Longhui , Huang Yongchi , Cui Xiaoyu , Xu Shijun , Wang Lili , Yan Shunping
Published: February 2023

DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) are the most toxic form of DNA damage in cells. Homologous recombination (HR) is an error‐free repair mechanism for DSBs as well as a basis for gene targeting using genome‐editing techniques. Despite the importance of HR, the HR mechanism in plants is poorly understood.

Through genetic screens for DNA damage response mutants (DDRMs), we find that the Arabidopsis ddrm2 mutant is hypersensitive to DSB‐inducing reagents. DDRM2 encodes a protein with four BRCA1 C‐terminal (BRCT) domains and is highly conserved in plants including bryophytes, the earliest land plant lineage.

The plant‐specific transcription factor SOG1 binds to the promoter of DDRM2 and activates its expression. In consistence, the expression of DDRM2 is induced by DSBs in a SOG1‐dependent manner. In support, genetic analysis suggests that DDRM2 functions downstream of SOG1. Similar to the sog1 mutant, the ddrm2 mutant shows dramatically reduced HR efficiency. Mechanistically, DDRM2 interacts with the core HR protein RAD51 and is required for the recruitment of RAD51 to DSB sites.

Our study reveals that SOG1‐DDRM2‐RAD51 is a novel module for HR, providing a potential target for improving the efficiency of gene targeting.
A Morphometric Study of the Distal Femoral Resected Surface In Osteoarthritis Knees of the Patients in Southwest China and a Comparison with Femoral Components in Six Total Knee Arthroplasty Systems
Authors: Ke Song , Ran Tianfei , Ma Tianying , Qin Yinyin , Zhang Bokai , Wang Min
Published: January 2023

Objective

Mismatch between the femoral component and the resected surface is related to the postoperative clinical outcome. This study aimed to measure the morphometric features of the distal femoral resected surfaces in patients with osteoarthritis in southwestern China and to compare the measured morphometric data with six commonly used total knee arthroplasty (TKA) femoral components in China.

Method

The computer tomography (CT) images of a total of 406 knees from 203 osteoarthritis patients who underwent TKA from January 2018 to December 2021 were imported into Mimics 21.0 software to reconstruct the three‐dimensional (3D) model of the femur. Morphometric data of the distal femoral resected surfaces were measured after the completion of simulated bone resection in the software. The data included the medial‐lateral (ML) dimension, anterior–posterior (AP) dimension, and the aspect ratio (AR) (AR = ML/AP), which were compared between genders with independent sample t‐tests. In addition, we plotted the scatter diagram of those morphometric data in Origin software, and the linear fits of ML versus AP and AR versus AP were performed and compared for the six femoral components commonly used in enrolled patients in China.

Results

The mean ML dimension, the mean AP dimension, and the mean AR value measured for Chinese knees were 66.62 ± 4.57 mm, 58.10 ± 3.74 mm, and 1.15 ± 0.06 respectively. All dimensions were significantly larger in males than in females, including the calculated values for AR (P < 0.05). The fitted lines for males showed that the ML dimensions tended to be wider compared to femoral components of a given AP dimension. Females tended to have wider ML dimensions compared to small femoral components and, on the other hand, narrower ML dimensions compared to large femoral components.

Conclusion

The femoral component of the current commonly used TKA prosthesis in China may not be perfectly matched to the distal femoral resected surface of patients in southwestern China. Male patients tended to underhang in all dimensions of the ML dimension. Female patients with shorter AP lengths are more likely to experience underhang, whereas those with longer AP lengths are more likely to develop overhangs. Therefore, we recommend multiple ML width options for a given AP length to more appropriately match the Chinese femoral anatomy.
Central pontine myelinolysis and locked‐IN syndrome associated with tacrolimus after pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Albert‐Brotons Dimpna C. , Alharkan Waleed , Beheri Reem , AlHaddad Mohammed , Alali Yasser , Alheraish Yasser , Chedrawi Aziza , AlHalees Zohair
Published: January 2023

Background

Locked‐in syndrome represents the most severe form of central pontine myelinolysis and varies in presentation from asymptomatic to fully developed locked‐in‐syndrome characterized by the combination of quadriplegia, loss of the ability to communicate except through the use of the eyes, and an inability to follow commands.

Methods

We report a 10‐year‐old boy who developed a severe case of locked‐in syndrome after heart transplantation.

Results

Patient had a spontaneous recovery, treated with supportive treatment and the improvement was detected with cessation of calcineurin inhibitor therapy by substituting with an mTOR inhibitor (sirolimus). No cases of locked‐in syndrome post‐heart transplant in pediatrics cases have been documented in the literature.

Conclusion

Physicians should recognize a rapid progression of central pontine myelinolysis and locked‐in syndrome in the context of heart transplant and although several factors likely contributed to this outcome, adjustment of immunosuppression including by substituting tacrolimus with sirolimus could be effective.
When Does the Honeymoon End? Electoral Cycles of Satisfaction With Democracy in Africa
Authors: Higashijima Masaaki , Kerr Nicholas
Published: February 2023

Scholars have argued that multiparty elections have a profound and immediate influence on mass evaluations of political support. However, what is less clear is whether the effects of elections are short lived or long lasting. Investigating dynamic effects of elections on mass perceptions of political regimes has profound implications on popular foundations of democratic consolidation in an era of democratic backsliding. This article examines electoral cycles in citizens' satisfaction with democracy (SWD)—an important dimension of political support—in multiparty regimes. First, we argue that proximity to elections enhances SWD because campaigns and elections include several processes that reduce the costs and increase the benefits of citizen engagement with the political system. This results in a bell‐shaped relationship between citizens' proximity to elections and SWD. Second, we contend that electoral cycles in SWD should vary by the quality of elections and citizens' winner/loser status. We examine these hypotheses using Afrobarometer data in 34 multiparty regimes between 1999 and 2015 finding compelling support. SWD is higher among respondents surveyed closer to elections, while electoral cycles in SWD are more prominent among winners and around low‐quality elections.
The impact of corporate science on environmental innovations: the role of universities and research institutions
Authors: Bolívar–Ramos María Teresa
Published: February 2023

Environmental innovation has become a cornerstone for companies and societies nowadays, given its potential to promote sustainable growth and development. To undertake environmental innovations, firms traditionally rely on their own resources such as corporate science, that is, basic scientific research that induces the development of the knowledge and capabilities required to sustain long‐term strategies. Notably, coupled with corporate science, collaborations with universities and research institutions can also be important when seeking to promote environmental innovations, as these institutions continuously engage in R&D projects and increasingly adopt an eco‐friendly vision toward innovation. The results of this longitudinal study, based on a sample of Spanish firms, confirm that corporate science investments spur environmental innovations. Yet, only collaborations with universities positively moderate the relationship between corporate science and environmental innovation.
Smart cities at risk: Systemic risk drivers in the blind spot of long‐term governance
Authors: Ottenburger Sadeeb Simon , Ufer Ulrich
Published: January 2023

In this article, we analyze “digital massification” in smart cities, that is, an ever‐growing number of market participants, consumers, and Internet of Things devices with simultaneous accommodation of users to increasing disturbances and inconveniences due to data congestion—as a driver for systemic risk. We argue that digital massification phenomena largely escape societal awareness due to their protracted evolution and are therefore still in the blind spot of long‐term governance. Our analysis makes methodological use of historical and relational analogy, and we introduce and elaborate concepts and terms that allow us to discuss the evolutionary nature of massification, that is, the foreseeable increasing probability of the occurrence of trigger events. Using the analogy to the history of road traffic congestion, we deduce that digital massification will most likely lead to a future “risk transition” where tolerated disturbances and inconveniences of the present will turn into systemic impacts. This insight calls for heightened sensitivity in governance to massification phenomena to ensure the long‐term resilience of smart cities.
Looking through a policy window with tinted glasses: Setting the agenda for U.S. AI policy
Authors: Schiff Daniel S.
Published: January 2023

The policy agenda is currently being established for artificial intelligence (AI), a domain marked by complex and sweeping implications for economic transformation tempered by concerns about social and ethical risks. This article reviews the United States national AI policy strategy through extensive qualitative and quantitative content analysis of 63 strategic AI policy documents curated by the federal government between 2016 and 2020. Drawing on a prominent theory of agenda setting, the Multiple Streams Framework, and in light of competing paradigms of technology policy, this article reviews how the U.S. government understands the key policy problems, solutions, and issue frames associated with AI. Findings indicate minimal attention to focusing events or problem indicators emphasizing social and ethical concerns, as opposed to economic and geopolitical ones. Further, broad statements noting ethical dimensions of AI often fail to translate into specific policy solutions, which may be explained by a lack of technical feasibility or value acceptability of ethics‐related policy solutions, along with institutional constraints for agencies in specific policy sectors. Finally, despite widespread calls for increased public participation, proposed solutions remain expert dominated. Overall, while the emerging U.S. AI policy agenda reflects a striking level of attention to ethics—a promising development for policy stakeholders invested in AI ethics and more socially oriented approaches to technology governance—this success is only partial and is ultimately layered into a traditional strategic approach to innovation policy.
Oral health for baby boomers: Past, present, and future
Authors: Suarez‐Durall Piedad , Mulligan Roseann , Enciso Reyes
Published: January 2023

Aims

This paper reviews the oral health services which were available for early (1945–1955) and late (1956–1964) baby boomers, as well as predicts their future oral healthcare needs.

Methods and Results

The knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes of the parents of the baby boomers toward dental hygiene and oral healthcare, are reviewed. The introduction of dental health screenings occurred from 1910 to early 1970s, the creation of the first dental hygiene school and the introduction of water fluoridation influenced oral healthcare. Technology introduced in the dental offices in the 1960s included the high‐speed handpiece, followed by intraoral suction in 1979. Baby boomers are keeping their teeth at higher rates than preceding generations due to improved prevention and advances in the treatment of periodontal disease, and overall lower rates of smoking in older adults, when compared to younger adults. However, access to dental care remains an issue for many. Advances in prevention and treatment of periodontal disease, early detection of root caries, new restorative techniques, and improved technologies to replace teeth are also discussed.

Conclusions

Early detection of periodontal disease, oral, and oropharyngeal cancer, risk factors for tooth loss and untreated caries are needed to improve the oral health for baby boomers. Access to oral healthcare is still an issue due to socio‐economic disparities in America.
Ecosystem changes through the Permian–Triassic and Triassic–Jurassic critical intervals: Evidence from sedimentology, palaeontology and geochemistry
Authors: Pei Yu , Blumenberg Martin , Duda Jan‐Peter , Höche Nils , Peckmann Jörn , Birgel Daniel , Luo Jinxiong , Kment Kurt , Reitner Joachim
Published: February 2023

The Permian–Triassic and Triassic–Jurassic critical intervals are among the most significant ecological upheavals in the Phanerozoic. Both evolutionary junctures are characterized by environmental deterioration associated with a marked biodiversity decline. In this study, Permian–Triassic and Triassic–Jurassic boundary sections from South China and the Northern Calcareous Alps were investigated. In order to reconstruct the interplay between biotic and abiotic processes, a multifaceted approach that included optical microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, stable carbon isotopes and lipid biomarkers was employed. The lower parts of these two sections are similar as both consist of limestone with abundant fossils of eukaryotic organisms. However, the Permian–Triassic record is dominated by dasyclad green algae and fusulinid foraminifera, while the Triassic–Jurassic record is typified by corals and coralline sponges. Moving upward, both sections consist mainly of micrite and marl. Concerning the Permian–Triassic section, it transits to volcanic ash intercalated by a distinct limestone bed with abundant calcispheres (tentatively attributed to ancestors of dinoflagellates). The Triassic–Jurassic section does not provide direct evidence for volcanic activity, but also becomes rich in calcisphere‐type cysts towards the top. Additionally, the section preserves abundant 4‐methyl sterenes (diagnostic for dinoflagellates) and C37–39n‐alkanes (indicative for haptophytes). Hence, both critical intervals were associated with marked blooms of (ancestral) dinoflagellates and haptophytes (for example, coccolithophorids). These blooms were followed by ecological lag‐phases, as indicated by low carbonate contents and scarce fossils which only increased further up the sections. For both critical intervals, it is commonly assumed that the formation of voluminous volcanic provinces (Siberian Traps and Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, respectively), as well as associated processes (for example, burning of organic‐rich sediments such as coal), resulted in ecological devastation. However, results suggest that volcanism also had a positive effect on certain planktonic primary producers such as dinoflagellates and haptophytes, perhaps by delivering essential nutrients.
Do me a favor
Authors: Benziman Yotam
Published: February 2023

Suppose that somebody is asking me kindly to do her a favor. She has no right to it. It is my choice whether or not to respond positively. Hence, she asks me for the favor rather than demand it. On the other hand, it seems that my refusal to do her the favor would be rude, inconsiderate, unkind, and morally wrong. This is why we tend to respond positively to favor asking and feel that we have to apologize if we refuse. In this article, I address this puzzle. I claim that refusing to do a favor is morally wrong precisely because a favor has been asked. The requestee needs me, and her very need calls upon me to reveal my goodness. In a sense, this is the strength of her weakness. I claim that acceding to do a favor is a special kind of imperfect obligation in Kant's and Mill's terminologies. As opposed to their descriptions, this obligation is directed toward a definite person at a prescribed time. It turns out that small favors are of the greatest importance for human activity. We all have our needs. We are social animals, and we are depended on others to fulfill our needs. Agreeing to do a favor is one of the building blocks of our shared social endeavor.
A multilevel stratified spatial sampling approach based on terrain knowledge for the quality assessment of OpenStreetMap dataset in Hong Kong
Authors: Liu Yuqing , Shi Wenzhong , Zhang Hua , Zhang Min
Published: January 2023

With the development of Volunteered Geographical Information (VGI) data, the OpenStreetMap has high research value in terms of project activity, social influence, urban development, application scope, and historical richness and the number of buildings or roads is increasing every day. However, how to evaluate the quality of a large amount OpenStreetMaps efficiently and accurately is still not fully understood. This article presents the development of an approach regarding multilevel stratified spatial sampling based on slope knowledge and official 1:1000 thematic maps as the reference dataset for OpenStreetMap data quality inspection of Hong Kong. This multilevel stratified spatial sampling plan is as follows: (1) The terrain characteristics of Hong Kong are fully considered by dividing grids into quality estimate strata based on the slope information; (2) Spatial sampling for the selection of grids or objects is used; (3) A more reliable sampling subset is made, regarding the representation of the entire OpenStreetMap dataset of Hong Kong. This sampling plan displays a 10% higher sampling accuracy, but without increasing the sample size, particularly as regards building completeness inspection compared with simple random sampling and systematic random sampling. This research promotes further applications of the Open‐Street‐Map dataset, thus enabling us to have a better understanding of the OpenStreetMap data quality in urban areas.
A single‐center, retrospective analysis of 17 cases of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn caused by anti‐M antibodies
Authors: He Yanjing , Gao Wa , Li Yang , Xu Chang , Wang Qiushi
Published: February 2023

Objective

We aimed to summarize the laboratory findings and clinical features of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data for 17 infants with anti‐M‐induced HDFN (anti‐M‐HDFN) diagnosed between June 2013 and May 2019. Their maternal history, neonatal diagnosis on admission, and laboratory test results were compared with those of 15 infants with HDFN involving the ABO blood group system, 15 infants with HDFN involving the Rh system, and 15 premature infants.

Results

In the anti‐M‐HDFN group, 94.12% (16/17), 35.29% (6/17), and 17.65% (3/17) had free antibodies in plasma, a positive direct antiglobulin test, and a positive elution test, respectively. In 12 infants, free antibody reactions were stronger at 4°C than at 37°C, and the antibody titer at 4°C ranged from 1 to 512. All 17 infants with anti‐M‐HDFN developed anemia: 14 were treated with blood transfusion and 1 with neonatal exchange transfusion. Sixteen infants improved, and one died. Anti‐M‐HDFN had a higher rate of maternal stillbirth, lower gestational age, lower birthweight, and higher incidence of respiratory distress than other HDFN types.

Conclusion

Anti‐M may cause HDFN. It may present with varying degrees of anemia, low regenerative anemia, and low bilirubin levels. In addition, infants with anti‐M‐HDFN may have a negative elution test and direct antiglobulin test. These tests are helpful in examining antibody responses at a low temperature of 4°C.
Epidemic outbreak and foreign direct investment fluctuation
Authors: Yu Zhen , Li Yuankun , Zhao Jing
Published: February 2023

This paper studies how foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows will fluctuate when the host country is hit by an epidemic outbreak. By analysing historical outbreak and bilateral FDI data from 2001 to 2012, we find FDI inflows during an outbreak are 21.5% below the pre‐outbreak average and 21.6% above the pre‐outbreak average FDI inflows in the 3 years after the end of an outbreak, which highlights the compensatory FDI after the end of epidemic and implies the uncertainty mechanism. We confirm the validity of the uncertainty mechanism, which converts the health shock into risk factors in the real economy, by studying the industry‐level heterogeneity and showing that the M&A in industries with lower redeployability is more sensitive to epidemic outbreaks. Finally, we explore country‐level heterogeneity that may influence the relationship between epidemic outbreaks and FDI inflows. We find that countries with poor medical conditions suffer greater decreases in FDI inflows during outbreaks, and countries with poorer institutional quality do not experience compensatory FDI after an outbreak ends.
A Natureza Jurídica da Geração Distribuída de Energia Elétrica no Brasil
Authors: Felice Falivene Baptista David , Pereira da Silva Luiz Carlos , Celeste Fonseca Isabel
Published: February 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho é definir a natureza jurídica da geração distribuída de energia elétrica, tal como regulada pela Lei nº 14.300/2022 e pela Resolução Normativa (REN) nº 482/2012 da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL), sendo possível, então, identificar o regime jurídico aplicável à atividade, em especial, a possibilidade de sua prática pelos particulares, matéria essa jamais discutida pela doutrina, até onde se tem notícia. Para tanto, utilizar-se-á da metodologia de pesquisa jurídico-dogmática, através da investigação do conjunto normativo brasileiro aplicável à atividade, buscando assim inferir os princípios e características que a regem, e os comparando às espécies doutrinárias de atividade econômica categorizadas pela doutrina de Direito Administrativo e Econômico. Assim, o artigo se inicia com a exposição da relevância do tema para o desenvolvimento sustentável do país, seguido de um breve histórico recente do setor elétrico e da análise das normas aplicáveis à atividade. Após, busca-se responder diretamente à questão tema do trabalho, examinando o cabimento das categorias de atividade econômica à Geração Distribuída. Por fim, identifica-se se tratar de atividade econômica em sentido estrito, havendo plena possibilidade de ser exercida por particulares, ante expressa autorização (em lato sensu) constitucional.
Law 11.947/2009. The National School Food Program Reviseted
Authors: Brandão Ceccareli Marcelo , Spaolonzi Queiroz Assis Ana Elisa , Main Gill
Published: February 2023

The aim of this work is to unveil the importance of the Brazilian National School Food Program towards solving the problems of hunger, malnutrition, food sovereignty, food culture (regional), as well as to assert to the new challenges imposed by covid-19 and the recent attempts to change this policy regulation. The changes provided by the law 11.947/2009 are both in accordance with the Brazilian 1988 Constitution and to the UN Sustainable Development Goals numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4. In order to analyze this major public policy, it was used legislative interpretation as well as official data on resources destined to the program. Another method was the revision of the literature regarding this policy in order to perceive its effectiveness. The results show democratic governance decreasing during the last few years, aggravated by the covid-19 crises, the federal government gave a slow response to it, what generated uncertainty both for the states and municipalities and put at risk the program continuity, the food security of many school age population, as well as the producers. Therefore, the program should be seen as a world example of success and must be preserved on national grounds.
Relative deprivation and the differential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the poor in Mexico
Authors: Najera Hector
Published: February 2023

One of the main challenges to studying the effects of the pandemic on poverty has been the lack of adequate data. Very few countries have short-term poverty data and most official surveys are rather rigid and were incapable of adding any special modules to jointly study COVID-19 and poverty. Furthermore, many poverty measures rely on indicators of unsatisfied basic needs (UBN) that, albeit useful to characterise exclusion from essential services, are not sensitive to short-term effects on the resources of the population. This study uses data from the Encovid-19 to jointly study poverty and some of the consequences of the pandemic on the Mexican population. This survey included a short module to measure poverty using the consensual deprivation approach. Once the poor were reliably identified in the survey, the study analysed differences in coping mechanisms, occupation, and perceived COVID-19 consequences between the poor and the not poor. From the methodological point of view, the study shows how the consensual approach has the advantage of producing valid and reliable poverty figures at a low cost. The findings clearly show that the poor were clearly most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
A Produção Acadêmica em Periódicos de Alto Impacto de Direito no Brasil
Authors: Silva Garcia Luciana , Yume Nagasaki Jéssica
Published: February 2023

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar os periódicos do Direito com características semelhantes à Revista Direito Público identificando a composição da equipe de editoração por gênero, incluindo a divisão de cargos; artigos publicados por gênero, incluindo a autoria conjunta e o desdobramento que demonstra o total de artigos publicados por mulheres, considerando a titulação da autora, em edições publicadas no ano de 2021. Foram identificados cinco periódicos a partir das características da Revista Direito Público, com Qualis A1 de direito pela Capes; alinhados ao tema direito público e com periodicidade de publicação trimestral ou quadrimestral. As análises foram realizadas considerando a literatura sobre desigualdade de gênero na publicação de artigos em periódicos científicos, em especial nas Ciências Sociais e Direito. Os resultados obtidos indicam haver uma importante discrepância quando se verifica o cargo e atuação na equipe editorial e uma porcentagem menor de mulheres autoras, seja com publicação solo, seja compartilhando com outras mulheres. Os dados indicam a necessidade de aprofundamento da pesquisa, considerando outros periódicos de Direito.
Reflection in the training of general practitioners in clinical practice settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Schumann Scheel Linda , Kjaer Niels Kristian , Marnie Casey , Peters Micah D.J.
Published: February 2023

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to explore formalized methods of reflection that are used in clinical settings in general practice when training medical students, postgraduate trainees, general practitioners, and family physicians.

Introduction:

Medical professionals are increasingly required to demonstrate competency in their ability to reflect on clinical practice. To accommodate this, the teaching of reflection is common in medical programs; however, there is a lack of clarity in the literature on how reflection is taught.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will seek evidence describing the tools and approaches to reflection used by medical students, postgraduate trainees, and other registered medical professionals in general practice. The review will also include any evidence from those who teach reflection in a general practice setting. Evidence regarding reflection in training programs for other medical specialties will not be considered for inclusion.

Methods:

This review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), and the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Databases to be searched will include MEDLINE (Ovid), Emcare (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Extracted evidence will be presented using figurative, tabular, and accompanying narrative synthesis, in line with the review questions.

Review registration number:

Open Science Framework https://osf.io/uxw7d
Portal venous gas detection in different clinical situations
Authors: Trenker Corinna , Görg Christian , Dong Yi , Cui Xin Wu , Zadeh Ehsan Safai , Alhyari Amjad , Kripfgans Oliver , Dietrich Christoph F.
Published: February 2023

Portal Venous Gas (PVG) provides an important differential diagnosis in the diagnose of intrahepatic reflexogenic structures. This review article is intended to provide an overview of the current literature on the detection of PVG, its special forms and important differential diagnoses, it also shows possibilities for the diagnostic procedure in the case of sonographic detection of PVG.
Molecular beam epitaxy of KTaO3
Authors: Schwaigert Tobias , Salmani-Rezaie Salva , Barone Matthew R. , Paik Hanjong , Ray Ethan , Williams Michael D. , Muller David A. , Schlom Darrell G. , Ahadi Kaveh
Published: February 2023

Strain-engineering is a powerful means to tune the polar, structural, and electronic instabilities of incipient ferroelectrics. KTaO3 is near a polar instability and shows anisotropic superconductivity in electron-doped samples. Here, we demonstrate growth of high-quality KTaO3 thin films by molecular-beam epitaxy. Tantalum was provided by either a suboxide source emanating a TaO2 flux from Ta2O5 contained in a conventional effusion cell or an electron-beam-heated tantalum source. Excess potassium and a combination of ozone and oxygen (10% O3 + 90% O2) were simultaneously supplied with the TaO2 (or tantalum) molecular beams to grow the KTaO3 films. Laue fringes suggest that the films are smooth with an abrupt film/substrate interface. Cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy does not show any extended defects and confirms that the films have an atomically abrupt interface with the substrate. Atomic force microscopy reveals atomic steps at the surface of the grown films. Reciprocal space mapping demonstrates that the films, when sufficiently thin, are coherently strained to the SrTiO3 (001) and GdScO3 (110) substrates.
The Rhode non-linearity and its impact on cochlear mechanics
Authors: Puria Sunil , Guinan John J.
Published: February 2023

The Reflections series takes a look back on historical articles from The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America that have had a significant impact on the science and practice of acoustics.
Timbral cues for learning to generalize musical instrument identity across pitch register
Authors: McAdams Stephen , Thoret Etienne , Wang Grace , Montrey Marcel
Published: February 2023

Timbre provides an important cue to identify musical instruments. Many timbral attributes covary with other parameters like pitch. This study explores listeners' ability to construct categories of instrumental sound sources from sounds that vary in pitch. Nonmusicians identified 11 instruments from the woodwind, brass, percussion, and plucked and bowed string families. In experiment 1, they were trained to identify instruments playing a pitch of C4, and in experiments 2 and 3, they were trained with a five-tone sequence (F#3–F#4), exposing them to the way timbre varies with pitch. Participants were required to reach a threshold of 75% correct identification in training. In the testing phase, successful listeners heard single tones (experiments 1 and 2) or three-tone sequences from (A3–D#4) (experiment 3) across each instrument's full pitch range to test their ability to generalize identification from the learned sound(s). Identification generalization over pitch varies a great deal across instruments. No significant differences were found between single-pitch and multi-pitch training or testing conditions. Identification rates can be predicted moderately well by spectrograms or modulation spectra. These results suggest that listeners use the most relevant acoustical invariance to identify musical instrument sounds, also using previous experience with the tested instruments.
Liquid metal-based soft, hermetic, and wireless-communicable seals for stretchable systems
Authors: Shen Qingchen , Jiang Modi , Wang Ruitong , Song Kexian , Vong Man Hou , Jung Woojin , Krisnadi Febby , Kan Ruyu , Zheng Feiyu , Fu Benwei , Tao Peng , Song Chengyi , Weng Guoming , Peng Bo , Wang Jun , Shang Wen , Dickey Michael D. , Deng Tao
Published: February 2023

Soft materials tend to be highly permeable to gases, making it difficult to create stretchable hermetic seals. With the integration of spacers, we demonstrate the use of liquid metals, which show both metallic and fluidic properties, as stretchable hermetic seals. Such soft seals are used in both a stretchable battery and a stretchable heat transfer system that involve volatile fluids, including water and organic fluids. The capacity retention of the battery was ~72.5% after 500 cycles, and the sealed heat transfer system showed an increased thermal conductivity of approximately 309 watts per meter-kelvin while strained and heated. Furthermore, with the incorporation of a signal transmission window, we demonstrated wireless communication through such seals. This work provides a route to create stretchable yet hermetic packaging design solutions for soft devices.
The mechanics of plant morphogenesis
Authors: Coen Enrico , Cosgrove Daniel J.
Published: February 2023

Understanding the mechanism by which patterned gene activity leads to mechanical deformation of cells and tissues to create complex forms is a major challenge for developmental biology. Plants offer advantages for addressing this problem because their cells do not migrate or rearrange during morphogenesis, which simplifies analysis. We synthesize results from experimental analysis and computational modeling to show how mechanical interactions between cellulose fibers translate through wall, cell, and tissue levels to generate complex plant tissue shapes. Genes can modify mechanical properties and stresses at each level, though the values and pattern of stresses differ from one level to the next. The dynamic cellulose network provides elastic resistance to deformation while allowing growth through fiber sliding, which enables morphogenesis while maintaining mechanical strength.
Breathless oceans
Authors: Cornwall Warren
Published: February 2023

Warming oceans are running short of oxygen, and the fiercest marine predators are already feeling the effects
In Other Journals
Authors: Wible Brad , Suleymanov Yury , Funk Michael A. , Lopez Bianca , Scanlon Seth Thomas , Simonti Corinne , Vignieri Sacha
Published: February 2023

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
Pot residues show how ancient Egyptians made a mummy
Authors: Curry Andrew
Published: February 2023

Analysis reveals the chemicals applied to corpses in a 2700-year-old mummification workshop
Ecophysiological and Genomic Characterization of the Freshwater Complete Ammonia OxidizerNitrospirasp. Strain BO4
Authors: Ghimire-Kafle Sabita , Weaver Matt E. , Bollmann Annette
Published: January 2023

Nitrification is a key process in the global nitrogen cycle. Complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox) were discovered recently, and only three enrichment cultures and one pure culture have been characterized with respect to activity and growth under different conditions.
Contrasting Genetic Diversity of
Listeria
Pathogenicity Islands 3 and 4 Harbored by Nonpathogenic
Listeria
spp.
Authors: Lee Sangmi , Parsons Cameron , Chen Yi , Dungan Robert S. , Kathariou Sophia
Published: February 2023

Listeria monocytogenes
is a serious foodborne pathogen that can harbor the pathogenicity islands
Listeria
pathogenicity island 3 (LIPI-3) and LIPI-4. Intriguingly, these have also been reported in nonpathogenic
L. innocua
from food and farm environments, though limited information is available for strains from the natural environment.
Microbial Interactions Related to N
2
O Emissions and Temperature Sensitivity from Rice Paddy Fields
Authors: Xiao Xian , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel , Shen Haoyang , Ma Zhiyuan , Zhou Jizhong , Sun Bo , Liang Yuting
Published: January 2023

Soil microorganisms drive emissions of nitrous oxide from soils; this is a powerful greenhouse gas and the dominant ozone-depleting agent. N
2
O emissions can be partly predicted from soil properties and specific microbial groups, whereas a possible role of below-ground microbial interactions has largely been overlooked.