bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Step Oxidative Homocoupling of Aryl Grignard Reagents via Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes under Air.
Authors: Bhat Aparna P. I. , Bhat Badekai Ramachandra
Published: October 2014

Among the three tested title complexes, the Ni(II) complex (NIC) shows the highest catalytic activity and gives the best yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐N‐heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Application.
Authors: Cekirdek Suzan , Yasar Sedat , Oezdemir Ismail
Published: October 2014

A wide range of different NHC ligands and Pd‐NHC complexes are synthesized and investigated for the Suzuki cross coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Routes to Substituted Naphthylamides.
Authors: Tran Ngoc Diem My , Zard Samir Z.
Published: October 2014

This practical and convergent synthesis of 1‐ and 2‐naphthylamides consists of a radical addition‐cyclization reaction and a subsequent aromatization step.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Oxidative Ipso‐Carboacylation of Alkynes: Synthesis of 3‐Acylspiro[4,5]trienones from N‐Arylpropiolamides and Aldehydes.
Authors: Ouyang Xuan‐Hui , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Yang , Liu Bang , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: October 2014

The general and radical unprecedented oxidative ipso‐carboacylation offers a new method to difunctionalize alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Catalyst‐Free One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of Novel Spirooxindole Derivatives, and Their Cytotoxic Activities.
Authors: Han Chao , Zhang Tao , Zhang Anqi , Wang Dandan , Shi Weimin , Tao Jingchao
Published: October 2014

A facile synthesis of spirooxindoles is presented and their cytotoxic activities are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Allylbutenolides via One‐Pot Copper‐Catalyzed Hydroallylation/Cyclization of γ‐Hydroxybutynoate Derivatives.
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Shibano Shinya , Kurohara Takashi , Shibuya Masatoshi
Published: October 2014

The efficiency of the hydroallylation step depends on the environment around the (protected) alcohol moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: A Non‐Photochemical Route to Synthesize Simple Benzo[1,2‐b:4,3‐b′]dithiophenes: FeCl3‐Mediated Cyclization of Dithienyl Ethenes.
Authors: Cauteruccio Silvia , Dova Davide , Graiff Claudia , Carrara Claudio , Doulcet Julien , Stephenson G. Richard , Licandro Emanuela
Published: October 2014

The cyclization of α,α′‐disubstituted (Z)‐dithienylethenes (I) proceeds readily in the presence of FeCl3 to afford desired benzo[1,2‐b:4,3‐b′]dithiophenes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Isoindolone Synthesis via Intramolecular Coupling of Benzylic C—H Bonds with Amide N—H Bonds.
Authors: Zhang Ming , Chen Tianbao , Liu Qinhua
Published: October 2014

Iodobenzene acts as oxidant in this Pd‐catalyzed isoindolone synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Reaction of 1‐Naphthols with Isatins and an Unexpected Spontaneous Dehydration Process.
Authors: Wu Deyan , Zhang Xuwen , Xu Yong , Xue Yingfei , Li Jian , Wang Wei , Zhu Jin
Published: October 2014

The enantioselective Friedel—Crafts reaction of 1‐naphthols with isatins and subsequent treatment of the products with ethyl iodide gives compounds (IV) with good to high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of 2‐Oxindole‐3‐carboxylate Esters to 2‐Phthalimido Acrylates: Efficient Synthesis of Cγ‐Tetrasubstituted α‐Amino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Gao Juan , Chen Jia‐Rong , Duan Shu‐Wen , Li Tian‐Ren , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: October 2014

An asymmetric conjugate addition of 2‐oxoindole‐3‐carboxylates to 2‐activated phthalimidoacrylates using a bifunctional cinchona‐derived thiourea as the catalyst is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Diels—Alder Reactions of 2,4,6‐Trienals via Tetraenamine Catalysis.
Authors: Zhou Qing‐Qing , Xiao You‐Cai , Yuan Xin , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: October 2014

The asymmetric Diels—Alder cycloaddition of trienals (I) and (IV) and 3‐methylene oxindole derivatives and a related benzofuranone proceeds through the formation of a tetraenamine intermediate generated from the (S)‐diphenylprolinol‐derived catalyst and the trienal.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Boc‐Protected 4,5‐Methano‐β‐proline.
Authors: Tymtsunik Andriy V. , Ivon Yevhen M. , Komarov Igor V. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O.
Published: October 2014

Both cis‐ and trans‐isomers of the title compound are synthesized in 49% total yield.
ChemInform Abstract: [3 + 2] Photooxygenation of Aryl Cyclopropanes via Visible Light Photocatalysis.
Authors: Lu Zhan , Parrish Jonathan D. , Yoon Tehshik P.
Published: October 2014

A wide range of electron‐rich aryl cyclopropanes participate in aerobic [3 + 2] photooxygenation reactions upon irradiation with visible light in the presence of a Ru‐bipyrazine catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures and Reactivities of Iminium Ions Derived from Substituted Cinnamaldehydes and Various Chiral Imidazolidin‐4‐ones.
Authors: An Feng , Paul Shyeni , Ammer Johannes , Ofial Armin R. , Mayer Peter , Lakhdar Sami , Mayr Herbert
Published: October 2014

The reaction of the imidazolidinonium hexafluorophosphate with cinnamic aldehydes provides a range of iminium hexafluorophosphates.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Highly Substituted 2‐Pyrone Derivatives via a Tandem Knoevenagel Condensation/Lactonization Reaction of β‐Formyl‐esters and 1,3‐Cyclohexadiones.
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Mirjafary Zohreh , Javan Marjan Jebeli , Motamen Sara , Saeidian Hamid
Published: October 2014

The title synthesis is advantageous with regards to operational simplicity, cheap starting materials, and moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Amides and Iminocoumarins from N,N‐Disulfonyl Ynamides with Aldehydes via the Ketenimine Intermediate.
Authors: Yu Lian , Cao Jian
Published: October 2014

A novel synthesis of α,β‐unsaturated amides (III) from N,N‐disulfonyl ynamides (I) and aryl aldehydes (II) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Triphenylphosphine‐m‐sulfonate/Carbon Tetrabromide as an Easily Recoverable Catalyst System for the Efficient Synthesis of Xanthene and Xanthenone Derivatives under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Huo Cong‐De , Bao Xia‐Zhen , Hu Dong‐Cheng , Jia Xiao‐Dong , Sun Chou‐Gu , Wang Cheng
Published: October 2014

The new and efficient catalyst system can be easily recovered and reused ten times without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroarylation of Alkynes via Directed C—H Functionalization of Pyridines.
Authors: Qian Zhen‐Chao , Zhou Jun , Li Bo , Hu Fang , Shi Bing‐Feng
Published: October 2014

This developed method tolerates a wide range of functional groups and is highly regioselective.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of 3‐Aminoquinoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones and Deamination of the Reaction Products.
Authors: Klasek Antonin , Lycka Antonin , Rouchal Michal , Rudolf Ondrej , Ruzicka Ales
Published: October 2014

Reduction of the title aminoquinolinediones (I) with NaBH4 proceeds with excellent stereoselectivity furnishing cis‐3‐amino‐3,4‐dihydro‐4‐hydroxyquinolinones (II) in high yield.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid Entry to Amino Acid Derived Diverse 3,4‐Dihydropyrazines and Dihydro[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrazines Through 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition.
Authors: Bera Saurav , Panda Gautam
Published: October 2014

A simple synthetic route to enantiomerically pure 5‐methyl‐3,4‐dihydropyrazines (VIII), triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrazines (II) and (IV) and triazolo[1,5‐a][1,4]diazocine (VI) starting from commercially available amino acids derived synthetic intermediates is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Mediated Ring‐Expansion Reaction of N‐Aryl‐2‐vinylazetidines: Synthesis and Unanticipated Reactivity of Tetrahydrobenzazocines.
Authors: Shimizu Tomoaki , Koya Shunsuke , Yamasaki Ryu , Mutoh Yuichiro , Azumaya Isao , Katagiri Kosuke , Saito Shinichi
Published: October 2014

In the presence of 1.5 equivalents of H2SO4, vinylazetidines are found to undergo ring expansion to benzazocine derivatives like (II) which are unstable undergoing ring contraction to vinyltetrahydroquinolines (III) under slightly acidic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis of β‐Carboline and Azepino‐and Azocino[3,4‐b]indole Derivatives from Lactams.
Authors: Tokmakov G. P.
Published: October 2014

The title compounds (IV) are obtained by Vilsmeier formylation of lactams (I) followed by treatment with aryl hydrazines in one pot without isolating the intermediate α‐formyl lactams.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed C—H Borylation of Heteroarenes: Scope, Regioselectivity, Application to Late‐Stage Functionalization, and Mechanism.
Authors: Larsen Matthew A. , Hartwig John F.
Published: October 2014

The iridium‐catalyzed C—H borylation of heteroarenes is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Air‐Based Oxidative Coupling of Arylboronic Acids with H‐Phosphine Oxides Leading to Aryl Phosphine Oxides.
Authors: Fu Tingting , Qiao Hongwei , Peng Zhimin , Hu Gaobo , Wu Xueji , Gao Yuxing , Zhao Yufen
Published: October 2014

A novel methodology for the creating C—P bond via the oxidative coupling of a wide range of arylboronic acids with various H‐phosphine oxides in the presence of palladium catalyst under dry air as the green oxidant is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Cucurbitane Triterpenoids from Hemsleya penxianensis and Their Cytotoxic Activities.
Authors: Xu Xiaoting , Bai Hong , Zhou Ling , Deng Zhipeng , Zhong Hao , Wu Zhongyu , Yao Qingqiang
Published: October 2014

Three new cucurbitane glycosides, hemslepenside A (I), cucurbitacin F β‐D‐glucopyranoside (IIb), and cucurbitacin F (II) are isolated along with three known cucurbitane compounds from the roots of Hemsleya penxianensis.
ChemInform Abstract: Aphanamixins A—F, Acyclic Diterpenoids from the Stem Bark of Aphanamixis polystachya.
Authors: Xu Xudong , et al. et al.
Published: October 2014

Aphanamixins A—F (structure examples (I), (II)), are isolated together with two known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Diterpenoids from Leonurus japonicus
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Ke , Wu Da‐Rong , Shi Yi‐Ming , Zeng Ting , Liu Shao‐Hua , Du Xue , Dang Yong‐Jun , Xiao Wei‐Lie , Sun Han‐Dong
Published: October 2014

isolation and structure elucidation
ChemInform Abstract: Regiocontrolled Palladium‐Catalyzed and Copper‐Mediated C—H Bond Functionalization of Protected L‐Histidine.
Authors: Mahindra Amit , Jain Rahul
Published: October 2014

A variety of C‐2 arylated L‐histidine derivatives (III) are synthesized, which possess dual hydrophobic—hydrophilic character.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Simple Method for Stereoselective Synthesis of N‐Substituted Iminosugars from D‐Xylose Derivative.
Authors: Zhang Jichao , Yuan Wen , Ma Xiaofeng , Wang Haibo , Shao Huawu
Published: October 2014

12 Iminosugars of type (IV) are prepared starting from D‐xylose derivative (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibition of Cytokine Release by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Phenolic Glycolipid Analogues.
Authors: Elsaidi Hassan R. H. , Lowary Todd L.
Published: October 2014

Three new phenolic glycolipid analogues (I) are synthesized and evaluated for their ability to modulate cytokine and NO release.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromopyrrole Alkaloids from a Marine Sponge Agelas sp.
Authors: Kusama Taishi , Tanaka Naonobu , Takahashi‐Nakaguchi Azusa , Gonoi Tohru , Fromont Jane , Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: October 2014

Five new bromopyrrole alkaloids, 2‐bromokeramadine, 2‐bromo‐9,10‐dihydrokeramadine (II), tauroacidins C and D, and mukanadin G (II) are isolated together with three known bromopyrrole alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: New Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Gelsemium elegans.
Authors: Wang Lei , Ye Wen‐Cai , Zhang Wei , Zhang Sheng‐Yuan , Yin Zhi‐Qi
Published: October 2014

Three new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids are isolated from the roots of Gelsemium elegans.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyclic Sulfides, Garlicnins L‐1—L‐4, E, and F, from Allium sativum.
Authors: Nohara Toshihiro , Fujiwara Yukio , Ikeda Tsuyoshi , Yamaguchi Koki , Manabe Hideyuki , Murakami Kotaro , Ono Masateru , Nakano Daisuke , Kinjo Junei
Published: October 2014

Six novel acyclic sulfides, named garlicnins L‐1 (I), L‐2, L‐3, L‐4 (II), E (III) and F are isolated which are able to suppress M2 macrophage activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Formamidobisabolene‐Based Derivatives from a Sponge Axinyssa sp.
Authors: Cheng Wei , Liu Dong , Zhang Fengying , Zhang Qingying , Pedpradab Patchara , Proksch Peter , Liang Hong , Lin Wenhan
Published: October 2014

12 new formamidobisabolene derivatives, named axinyssines A‐L, are isolated from a Chinese sponge Axinyssa sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Silicates, Iron‐Modulated Zeolite Catalysts, and Molecular Models Thereof
Authors: Pinkert Denise , Limberg Christian
Published: October 2014

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review on Modified N—TiO2 for Green Energy Applications under UV/Visible Light: Selected Results and Reaction Mechanisms.
Authors: Gomathi Devi L. , Kavitha R.
Published: October 2014

Review: [426 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Chalcoxides (ChalcoPolyoxometalates): A Family of Functional Materials with Emergent Properties
Authors: Miras Haralampos N.
Published: October 2014

Review: [43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Perovskite Oxides: Preparation, Characterizations, and Applications in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Zhu Junjiang , Li Hailong , Zhong Linyun , Xiao Ping , Xu Xuelian , Yang Xiangguang , Zhao Zhen , Li Jinlin
Published: October 2014

Review: 284 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Group 1 and 2 and Early Transition Metal Complexes Bearing N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Coordination Chemistry, Reactivity, and Applications
Authors: Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stephane , Dagorne Samuel
Published: October 2014

Review: 417 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Polypyridine Complexes Bearing Pyrroles and π‐Extended Analogues. Synthesis, Spectroelectronic, Electrochemical, and Photovoltaic Properties
Authors: Beley Marc , Gros Philippe C.
Published: October 2014

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Unstrained Carbon—Carbon Bonds
Authors: Chen Feng , Wang Teng , Jiao Ning
Published: October 2014

Review: 372 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Applications of Aryl Diazonium Salts Enabled by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Hari Durga Prasad , Hering Thea , Koenig Burkhard
Published: October 2014

Review: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Carbon Catalysts for Oxidative Dehydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Qi Wei , Su Dangsheng
Published: October 2014

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Fluorination of Unactivated C(sp3)—H Bonds
Authors: Ma Jun‐An , Li Shen
Published: October 2014

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis Based on Organocatalysis
Authors: Ventura Maria Rita
Published: October 2014

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Acylation Methodologies Enabled by Oxyma‐Based Reagents
Authors: Subiros‐Funosas Ramon , Khattab Sherine N. , Nieto‐Rodriguez Lidia , El‐Faham Ayman , Albericio Fernando
Published: October 2014

Review: 246 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of 3‐Nitro‐2H‐chromenes
Authors: Korotaev V. Yu. , Sosnovskikh V. Ya. , Barkov A. Yu.
Published: October 2014

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene and Graphene Oxides: Recent Advances in Chemiluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Su Yingying , Lv Yi
Published: October 2014

Review: [136 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Muscles: From Species in Solution to Materials and Devices
Authors: Niess Frederic , Duplan Vincent , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre
Published: October 2014

Review: [28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid Phase Stepwise Growth of Surface Mounted Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Exploratory Research and Development of Applications
Authors: Tu Min , Wannapaiboon Suttipong , Fischer Roland A.
Published: October 2014

Review: 159 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Radical‐Trapping Antioxidant Chemistry in the 21St Century: A Kinetics and Mechanisms Perspective
Authors: Ingold Keith U. , Pratt Derek A.
Published: October 2014

Review: 165 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in H2PO4‐ Fluorescent Sensors
Authors: Zhang Dawei , Cochrane James Robert , Martinez Alexandre , Gao Guohua
Published: October 2014

Review: [78 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene‐Based Materials: Fabrication and Application for Adsorption in Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Bo , Lu Qipeng , Qu Qishu
Published: October 2014

Review: 203 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis at Low Magnetic Fields
Authors: Gloeggler Stefan , Bluemich Bernhard , Appelt Stephan
Published: October 2014

Review: 47 refs.
Variable detours in long‐distance migration across ecological barriers and their relation to habitat availability at ground
Authors: Hahn Steffen , Emmenegger Tamara , Lisovski Simeon , Amrhein Valentin , Zehtindjiev Pavel , Liechti Felix
Published: October 2014

Migration detours, the spatial deviation from the shortest route, are a widespread phenomenon in migratory species, especially if barriers must be crossed. Moving longer distances causes additional efforts in energy and time, and to be adaptive, this should be counterbalanced by favorable condition en route. We compared migration patterns of nightingales that travelled along different flyways from their European breeding sites to the African nonbreeding sites. We tested for deviations from shortest routes and related the observed and expected routes to the habitat availability at ground during autumn and spring migration. All individuals flew detours of varying extent. Detours were largest and seasonally consistent in western flyway birds, whereas birds on the central and eastern flyways showed less detours during autumn migration, but large detours during spring migration (eastern flyway birds). Neither migration durations nor the time of arrival at destination were related to the lengths of detours. Arrival at the breeding site was nearly synchronous in birds flying different detours. Flying detours increased the potential availability of suitable broad‐scale habitats en route only along the western flyway. Habitat availability on observed routes remained similar or even decreased for individuals flying detours on the central or the eastern flyway as compared to shortest routes. Thus, broad‐scale habitat distribution may partially explain detour performance, but the weak detour‐habitat association along central and eastern flyways suggests that other factors shape detour extent regionally. Prime candidate factors are the distribution of small suitable habitat patches at local scale as well as winds specific for the region and altitude.
Spatiotemporal requirements for IRF7 in mediating type I IFN‐dependent susceptibility to blood‐stage Plasmodium infection
Authors: Edwards Chelsea L. , Best Shannon E. , Gun Sin Yee , Claser Carla , James Kylie R. , de Oca Marcela Montes , Sebina Ismail , Rivera Fabian de Labastida , Amante Fiona H. , Hertzog Paul J. , Engwerda Christian R. , Renia Laurent , Haque Ashraful
Published: October 2014

Type I IFN signaling suppresses splenic T helper 1 (Th1) responses during blood‐stage Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in mice, and is crucial for mediating tissue accumulation of parasites and fatal cerebral symptoms via mechanisms that remain to be fully characterized. Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is considered to be a master regulator of type I IFN responses. Here, we assessed IRF7 for its roles during lethal PbA infection and nonlethal Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS (PcAS) infection as two distinct models of blood‐stage malaria. We found that IRF7 was not essential for tissue accumulation of parasites, cerebral symptoms, or brain pathology. Using timed administration of anti‐IFNAR1 mAb, we show that late IFNAR1 signaling promotes fatal disease via IRF7‐independent mechanisms. Despite this, IRF7 significantly impaired early splenic Th1 responses and limited control of parasitemia during PbA infection.  Finally, IRF7 also suppressed antiparasitic immunity and Th1 responses during nonlethal PcAS infection. Together, our data support a model in which IRF7 suppresses antiparasitic immunity in the spleen, while IFNAR1‐mediated, but IRF7‐independent, signaling contributes to pathology in the brain during experimental blood‐stage malaria.
Experimental investigation on seismic behavior of scoured bridge pier with pile foundation
Authors: Wang Shiou‐Chun , Liu Kuang‐Yen , Chen Chia‐Han , Chang Kuo‐Chun
Published: October 2014

This study investigated the seismic performance and soil‐structure interaction of a scoured bridge models with pile foundation by shaking table tests using a biaxial laminar shear box. The bridge pier model with pile foundation comprised a lumped mass representing the superstructure, a steel pier, and a footing supported by a single aluminum pile within dry silica sand. End of the pile was fixed at the bottom of the shear box to simulate the scenario that the pile was embedded in a firm stratum of rock. The bridge pier model was subjected to one‐directional shakes, including white noise and earthquake records. The performance of the bridge pier model with pile foundation was discussed for different scoured conditions. It is found that the moment demand of pile increases with the increase of scoured depth whereas the moment demand of the bridge pier decreases, and this transition may induce the bridge failure mechanism transform from pier to pile. The seismic demand on scoured pile foundations may be underestimated and misinterpreted to a certain degree. When evaluating the system damping ratio with SSI, the system response may not be significantly changed even if the soil viscous damping contribution is varied. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degraded EEG decoding of wrist movements in absence of kinaesthetic feedback
Authors: Galán Ferran , Baker Mark R. , Alter Kai , Baker Stuart N.
Published: October 2014

A major assumption of brain–machine interface research is that patients with disconnected neural pathways can still volitionally recall precise motor commands that could be decoded for naturalistic prosthetic control. However, the disconnected condition of these patients also blocks kinaesthetic feedback from the periphery, which has been shown to regulate centrally generated output responsible for accurate motor control. Here, we tested how well motor commands are generated in the absence of kinaesthetic feedback by decoding hand movements from human scalp electroencephalography in three conditions: unimpaired movement, imagined movement, and movement attempted during temporary disconnection of peripheral afferent and efferent nerves by ischemic nerve block. Our results suggest that the recall of cortical motor commands is impoverished in the absence of kinaesthetic feedback, challenging the possibility of precise naturalistic cortical prosthetic control. Hum Brain Mapp 36:643–654, 2015. © 2014 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional connectivity and neuronal variability of resting state activity in bipolar disorder—reduction and decoupling in anterior cortical midline structures
Authors: Magioncalda Paola , Martino Matteo , Conio Benedetta , Escelsior Andrea , Piaggio Niccolò , Presta Andrea , Marozzi Valentina , Rocchi Giulio , Anastasio Loris , Vassallo Linda , Ferri Francesca , Huang Zirui , Roccatagliata Luca , Pardini Matteo , Northoff Georg , Amore Mario
Published: October 2014

Introduction: The cortical midline structures seem to be involved in the modulation of different resting state networks, such as the default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN). Alterations in these systems, in particular in the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (PACC), seem to play a central role in bipolar disorder (BD). However, the exact role of the PACC, and its functional connections to other midline regions (within and outside DMN) still remains unclear in BD. Methods: We investigated functional connectivity (FC), standard deviation (SD, as a measure of neuronal variability) and their correlation in bipolar patients (n = 40) versus healthy controls (n = 40), in the PACC and in its connections in different frequency bands (standard: 0.01–0.10 Hz; Slow‐5: 0.01–0.027 Hz; Slow‐4: 0.027–0.073 Hz). Finally, we studied the correlations between FC alterations and clinical‐neuropsychological parameters and we explored whether subgroups of patients in different phases of the illness present different patterns of FC abnormalities. Results: We found in BD decreased FC (especially in Slow‐5) from the PACC to other regions located predominantly in the posterior DMN (such as the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and inferior temporal gyrus) and in the SN (such as the supragenual anterior cingulate cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex). Second, we found in BD a decoupling between PACC‐based FC and variability in the various target regions (without alteration in variability itself). Finally, in our subgroups explorative analysis, we found a decrease in FC between the PACC and supragenual ACC (in depressive phase) and between the PACC and PCC (in manic phase). Conclusions: These findings suggest that in BD the communication, that is, information transfer, between the different cortical midline regions within the cingulate gyrus does not seem to work properly. This may result in dysbalance between different resting state networks like the DMN and SN. A deficit in the anterior DMN‐SN connectivity could lead to an abnormal shifting toward the DMN, while a deficit in the anterior DMN‐posterior DMN connectivity could lead to an abnormal shifting toward the SN, resulting in excessive focusing on internal contents and reduced transition from idea to action or in excessive focusing on external contents and increased transition from idea to action, respectively, which could represent central dimensions of depression and mania. If confirmed, they could represent diagnostic markers in BD. Hum Brain Mapp 36:666–682, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
βII‐Spectrin (SPTBN1) suppresses progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and Wnt signaling by regulation of Wnt inhibitor kallistatin
Authors: Zhi Xiuling , Lin Ling , Yang Shaoxian , Bhuvaneshwar Krithika , Wang Hongkun , Gusev Yuriy , Lee Mi‐Hye , Kallakury Bhaskar , Shivapurkar Narayan , Cahn Katherine , Tian Xuefei , Marshall John L. , Byers Stephen W. , He Aiwu R.
Published: October 2014

βII‐Spectrin (SPTBN1) is an adapter protein for Smad3/Smad4 complex formation during transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signal transduction. Forty percent of SPTBN1+/− mice spontaneously develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and most cases of human HCC have significant reductions in SPTBN1 expression. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms by which loss of SPTBN1 may contribute to tumorigenesis. Livers of SPTBN1+/− mice, compared to wild‐type mouse livers, display a significant increase in epithelial cell adhesion molecule‐positive (EpCAM+) cells and overall EpCAM expression. Inhibition of SPTBN1 in human HCC cell lines increased the expression of stem cell markers EpCAM, Claudin7, and Oct4, as well as decreased E‐cadherin expression and increased expression of vimentin and c‐Myc, suggesting reversion of these cells to a less differentiated state. HCC cells with decreased SPTBN1 also demonstrate increased sphere formation, xenograft tumor development, and invasion. Here we investigate possible mechanisms by which SPTBN1 may influence the stem cell traits and aggressive behavior of HCC cell lines. We found that HCC cells with decreased SPTBN1 express much less of the Wnt inhibitor kallistatin and exhibit decreased β‐catenin phosphorylation and increased β‐catenin nuclear localization, indicating Wnt signaling activation. Restoration of kallistatin expression in these cells reversed the observed Wnt activation. Conclusion: SPTBN1 expression in human HCC tissues is positively correlated with E‐cadherin and kallistatin levels, and decreased SPTBN1 and kallistatin gene expression is associated with decreased relapse‐free survival. Our data suggest that loss of SPTBN1 activates Wnt signaling, which promotes acquisition of stem cell‐like features, and ultimately contributes to malignant tumor progression. (Hepatology 2015;61:598‐612)
Sofosbuvir with peginterferon‐ribavirin for 12 weeks in previously treated patients with hepatitis C genotype 2 or 3 and cirrhosis
Authors: Lawitz Eric , Poordad Fred , Brainard Diana M. , Hyland Robert H. , An Di , Dvory‐Sobol Hadas , Symonds William T. , McHutchison John G. , Membreno Fernando E.
Published: October 2014

Sofosbuvir (SOF) in combination with ribavirin (RBV) for 12 or 24 weeks is the current standard of care for patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 2 and 3, respectively. However, in clinical trials treatment‐experienced patients, particularly those with cirrhosis, had suboptimal sustained virological response (SVR) rates. We assessed the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus peginterferon and ribavirin (SOF+Peg‐IFN+RBV) administered for 12 weeks to treatment‐experienced patients with HCV genotypes 2 and 3, with and without cirrhosis. We enrolled 47 patients in this open‐label, nonrandomized, uncontrolled phase 2 study. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with SVR at 12 weeks after cessation of study treatment (SVR12). The overall rate of SVR12 was 89% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77‐97). Rates of SVR12 were higher in patients with genotype 2 than in those with genotype 3, 96% (95% CI: 78‐100) and 83% (95% CI: 62‐95), respectively. Rates of SVR12 were similar in patients with and without cirrhosis: for genotype 2, 93% of patients with cirrhosis and 100% of patients without cirrhosis achieved SVR12, and for genotype 3, the SVR12 rate was 83% in patients both with and without cirrhosis. One patient discontinued study treatment because of an adverse event and four patients experienced serious adverse events. The most common adverse events were influenza‐like illness, fatigue, anemia, and neutropenia. Conclusion: In treatment‐experienced patients with HCV genotypes 2 and 3, 12‐week administration of SOF+Peg‐IFN+RBV provided high SVR rates, irrespective of cirrhosis status. No safety concerns were identified. (Hepatology 2015;61:769–775)
The use of a combined respirometric–titrimetric setup to assess the effect of environmental conditions on micro‐algal growth rate
Authors: Decostere Bjorge , Van Hulle Stijn WH , Duyck Mathieu , Maere Thomas , Vervaeren Han , Nopens Ingmar
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND

Owing to their complexity a lot of research is performed on micro‐algal systems for wastewater treatment. In this work a previously developed combined respirometric–titrimetric approach was used for the determination of micro‐algal kinetics. A Plackett–Burman design with fold‐over was executed to investigate the influence of eight different degrees of freedom regarding environmental conditions on five different aspects (or responses) related to the micro‐algal photosynthetic activity.

RESULTS

Results revealed correlation between micro‐algal biomass concentration and both oxygen production rate and proton addition rate. When ammonium limiting conditions were implemented (molar N/P ratio = 7/1), a decrease of the titrimetric profile was observed. Regarding light intensity and temperature, no limitation was observed. Furthermore, with respect to inorganic phosphorus, no limitation was observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Although expected based on the literature, limitation was not observed for light intensity, temperature, and inorganic phosphorus, indicating that these state conditions were not limiting in the ranges applied in this research. Overall it can be concluded that the combined respirometric–titrimetric approach is successful for determination of limiting and non‐limiting components of wastewater nutrients and environmental conditions for micro‐algal growth. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficient, scalable and economical preparation of tris(deuterium)‐ and 13C‐labelled N‐methyl‐N‐nitroso‐p‐toluenesulfonamide (Diazald®) and their conversion to labelled diazomethane
Authors: Shields Samuel W. J. , Manthorpe Jeffrey M.
Published: October 2014

A method for the preparation of multi‐gramme quantities of N‐methyl‐d3‐N‐nitroso‐p‐toluenesulfonamide (Diazald‐d3) and N‐methyl‐13C‐N‐nitroso‐p‐toluenesulfonamide (Diazald‐13C) and their conversion to diazomethane‐d2 and diazomethane‐13C, respectively, is presented. This approach uses robust and reliable chemistry, and critically, employs readily commercially available and inexpensive methanol as the label source. Several reactions of labelled diazomethane are also reported, including alkene cyclopropanation, phenol methylation and α‐diazoketone formation, as well as deuterium scrambling in the preparation of diazomethane‐d2 and subsequent methyl esterification of benzoic acid.
Molecular insights on analogs of HIV PR inhibitors toward HTLV‐1 PR through QM/MM interactions and molecular dynamics studies: comparative structure analysis of wild and mutant HTLV‐1 PR
Authors: Selvaraj Chandrabose , Singh Poonam , Singh Sanjeev Kumar
Published: October 2014

Retroviruses HTLV‐1 and HIV‐1 are the primary causative agents of fatal adult T‐cell leukemia and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) disease. Both retroviruses are similar in characteristics mechanism, and it encodes for protease that mainly involved in the viral replication process. On the basis of the therapeutic success of HIV‐1 PR inhibitors, the protease of HTLV‐1 is mainly considered as a potential target for chemotherapy. At the same time, structural similarities in both enzymes that originate HIV PR inhibitors can also be an HTLV‐1 PR inhibitor. But the expectations failed because of rejection of HIV PR inhibitors from the HTLV‐1 PR binding pocket. In this present study, the reason for the HIV PR inhibitor rejection from the HTLV‐1 binding site was identified through sequence analysis and molecular dynamics simulation method. Functional analysis of M37A mutation in HTLV PR clearly shows that the MET37 specificity and screening of potential inhibitors targeting MET37 is performed by using approved 90% similar HIV PR inhibitor compounds. From this approach, we report few compounds with a tendency to accept/donate electron specifically to an important site residue MET37 in HTLV‐1 PR binding pocket. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Force‐induced globule–coil transition in laminin binding protein and its role for viral–cell membrane fusion
Authors: Zaitsev Boris N. , Benedetti Fabrizio , Mikhaylov Andrey G. , Korneev Denis V. , Sekatskii Sergey K. , Karakouz Tanya , Belavin Pavel A. , Netesova Nina A. , Protopopova Elena V. , Konovalova Svetlana N. , Dietler Giovanni , Loktev Valery B.
Published: October 2014

The specific interactions of the pairs laminin binding protein (LBP)–purified tick‐borne encephalitis viral surface protein E and certain recombinant fragments of this protein, as well as West Nile viral surface protein E and certain recombinant fragments of that protein, are studied by combined methods of single‐molecule dynamic force spectroscopy (SMDFS), enzyme immunoassay and optical surface waves‐based biosensor measurements. The experiments were performed at neutral pH (7.4) and acid pH (5.3) conditions. The data obtained confirm the role of LBP as a cell receptor for two typical viral species of the Flavivirus genus. A comparison of these data with similar data obtained for another cell receptor of this family, namely human αVβ3 integrin, reveals that both these receptors are very important. Studying the specific interaction between the cell receptors in question and specially prepared monoclonal antibodies against them, we could show that both interaction sites involved in the process of virus–cell interaction remain intact at pH 5.3. At the same time, for these acid conditions characteristic for an endosome during flavivirus–cell membrane fusion, SMDFS data reveal the existence of a force‐induced (effective already for forces as small as 30–70 pN) sharp globule–coil transition for LBP and LBP–fragments of protein E complexes. We argue that this conformational transformation, being an analog of abrupt first‐order phase transition and having similarity with the famous Rayleigh hydrodynamic instability, might be indispensable for the flavivirus–cell membrane fusion process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced selectivity of a molecularly imprinted polymer toward the target molecule via esterification of non‐specific binding sites with diazomethane
Authors: Alenazi Noof A. , Lai Edward P. C. , Manthorpe Jeffrey M.
Published: October 2014

Diazomethane (CH2N2) was used to methylate the non‐specific binding sites after molecularly imprinted polymer particles were prepared using methacrylic acid as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross‐linker and bisphenol A (BPA) as the template. After diazomethane treatment and subsequent removal of BPA by triethylamine, the treated molecularly imprinted polymer (TMIP) particles were tested for binding selectivity toward BPA and other organic compounds by capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection. Even in the presence of compounds that were positively charged, neutral or negatively charged in the background electrolyte, BPA was selectively bound with the highest efficiency. A significant decrease in the affinity for metformin (MF, a positively charged compound), along with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and electrophoretic mobility data, provided strong evidence for the elimination of non‐specific –COOH binding sites in the TMIP particles. Only 8% of MF and 16% of diclofenac sodium salt (a negatively charged compound) remained as non‐specific bindings because of hydrophobic interactions. Further comparison with poly(methyl methacrylate) revealed the true merits of the TMIP, which exhibited minimal non‐specific bindings while preserving a high level of specific binding owing to molecular recognition. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mode‐matching analysis and design of substrate integrated waveguide T‐junction diplexer and corner filter
Authors: Kordiboroujeni Zamzam , Bornemann Jens
Published: October 2014

The mode‐matching technique is deployed in this paper in order to analyze and design a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) T‐junction diplexer in Ku‐band. The diplexer has bandwidths of 4.12% and 3.79% at 14.55 and 15.85 GHz, respectively. Also in Ku‐band, an SIW corner filter is analyzed and designed with the same technique. Analytical results are compared with simulated data obtained from commercially available field solvers such as CST Microwave Studio and ANSYS HFSS. Excellent agreement between analytical and simulated data is achieved. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Legislative Response to PTSD in the United States (1989–2009): A Content Analysis
Authors: Purtle Jonathan
Published: October 2014

Although knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has grown over the past 40 years, PTSD policy research is undeveloped. This gap in knowledge warrants attention because policy is among the most powerful tools to prevent and mitigate the effects of PTSD. This study provides a content analysis of all bills introduced in U.S. Congress that explicitly mentioned PTSD. All bills and bill sections mentioning PTSD were coded to create a legislative dataset. Bills that addressed traumatic stress, but did not mention PTSD, were also identified as a comparison group. One hundred sixty‐one PTSD explicit bills containing 382 sections of legislative text were identified, as were 43 traumatic stress, non‐PTSD bills containing 55 sections (the 2 categories were mutually exclusive). Compared to traumatic stress, non‐PTSD sections, PTSD explicit sections were far more likely to target military populations (23.6% vs. 91.4%) and combat exposures (14.5% vs. 91.4%). PTSD, as a discrete diagnostic entity, has been largely defined as a problem unique to combat exposure and military populations in federal legislation. Research is needed to understand knowledge and perceptions of PTSD among policy makers and the public to inform science‐based advocacy strategies that translate the full spectrum of PTSD research into policy.
Mental Disorders and Their Association With Disability Among Internally Displaced Persons and Returnees in Georgia
Authors: Makhashvili Nino , Chikovani Ivdity , McKee Martin , Bisson Jonathan , Patel Vikram , Roberts Bayard
Published: October 2014

There remains limited evidence on comorbidity of mental disorders among conflict‐affected civilians, particularly internally displaced persons (IDPs) and former IDPs who have returned to their home areas (returnees). The study aim was to compare patterns of mental disorders and their influence on disability between IDPs and returnees in the Republic of Georgia. A cross‐sectional household survey was conducted with adult IDPs from the conflicts in the 1990s, the 2008 conflict, and returnees. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and disability were measured using cut scores on Trauma Screening Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire 9, Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7, and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Among the 3,025 respondents, the probable prevalence of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and comorbidity (>1 condition) was 23.3%, 14.0%, 10.4%, 12.4%, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients (p < .001) were .40 (PTSD with depression), .38 (PTSD with anxiety), and .52 (depression with anxiety). Characteristics associated with mental disorders in regression analyses included displacement (particularly longer‐term), cumulative trauma exposure, female gender, older age, poor community conditions, and bad household economic situation; coefficients ranged from 1.50 to 3.79. PTSD, depression, anxiety, and comorbidity were associated with increases in disability of 6.4%, 9.7%, 6.3%, and 15.9%, respectively. A high burden of psychiatric symptoms and disability persist among conflict‐affected persons in Georgia.
Social Anxiety Disorder Is Associated With PTSD Symptom Presentation: An Exploratory Study Within A Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: McMillan Katherine A. , Sareen Jitender , Asmundson Gordon J. G.
Published: October 2014

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) demonstrate a high degree of comorbidity (ranging from 14.8% to 46.0%); however, little is known about the nature of this association. Contemporary research has largely focused on treatment‐seeking or veteran samples, and may not generalize to the population as a whole. Large‐scale epidemiological studies are needed to fill existing gaps in the literature and to clarify this association for the general population. The current study examined whether the presence of comorbid SAD influenced PTSD symptom presentation. The rate of individual PTSD symptoms was investigated among individuals with PTSD and SAD in comparison to those with PTSD alone. Data were obtained from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions, a large, nationally representative survey of American adults (n = 34,653). Analyses revealed elevated rates of PTSD symptoms among those with comorbid PTSD and SAD across all symptom clusters, with significant odds ratios ranging from 1.5 to 4.87. Adjusting for depression and other Axis I disorders did not substantially alter study findings. Results suggest that the presence of SAD is associated with differences in the expression of PTSD symptoms.
Associations Between Functioning and PTSD Symptom Clusters in a Dismantling Trial of Cognitive Processing Therapy in Female Interpersonal Violence Survivors
Authors: Shnaider Philippe , Vorstenbosch Valerie , Macdonald Alexandra , Wells Stephanie Y. , Monson Candice M. , Resick Patricia A.
Published: October 2014

This study conducted secondary analyses of a published trial and sought to determine if different domains of psychosocial functioning (e.g., daily living, work, nonfamily relationships) improved following trauma‐focused treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cognitive processing therapy (CPT), an empirically supported treatment that involves evaluating trauma‐related beliefs and written trauma accounts, was compared to its components: CPT without the written accounts or written accounts only in a sample of 78 women with PTSD secondary to interpersonal violence. Overall and individual domains of functioning significantly improved with treatment and results were similar across treatment groups, Fs (2, 150) ≥ 11.87, ps < .001. Additionally, we investigated whether changes in different PTSD symptom clusters were associated with outcomes in domains of psychosocial functioning, after collapsing across treatment condition. Multiple hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that overall clinician‐assessed PTSD symptom reduction was associated with outcomes in all domains of functioning, βs = .44 to .68, ps < .001. Additionally, improvements in the emotional numbing symptom cluster were associated with outcomes in the nonfamily relationships domain, β = .42, p < .001, and improvements in the hyperarousal symptom cluster were associated with outcomes in the overall, daily living, and household tasks domains, βs = .34 to .39, ps < .01. Results suggest that it may be important to monitor improvements in emotional numbing and hyperarousal symptoms throughout treatment to increase the likelihood of changes in psychosocial functioning.
Establishment and characterization of metastatic gastric cancer cell lines from murine gastric adenocarcinoma lacking Smad4, p53, and E‐cadherin
Authors: Park Jun Won , Park Dong Min , Choi Beom K. , Kwon Byoung S. , Seong Je Kyung , Green Jeffrey E. , Kim Dae‐Yong , Kim Hark Kyun
Published: October 2014

There is a strong need for murine gastric cancer cell line models recapitulating human gastric cancers. Here, we describe two murine gastric cancer cell lines designated as NCC‐S1 and NCC‐S3. They were generated from gastric adenocarcinomas that formed in a Villin‐cre, Smad4F/F, Trp53F/F, Cdh1F/wt mouse and a Pdx1‐cre, Trp53F/F, Cdh1F/F mouse, respectively. Molecular profiles of both cell lines were very similar to human gastric cancer. NCC‐S1M and NCC‐S3M subpopulation clones were isolated from pulmonary metastasis of heterotopic allografts of NCC‐S1 and NCC‐S3 cells, respectively. NCC‐S1M and NCC‐S3M showed enhanced in vivo growth rates and metastatic potentials and exhibited epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition features. NCC‐S1M cells developed orthotopic and heterotopic tumors in immunocompetent mice in predictable manner, and were useful for testing the efficacy of an immunotherapeutic agent, anti‐4‐1BB antibody. NCC‐S1M and NCC‐S3M cells demonstrated Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activation, and knockdown of Ctnnb1 reversed the metastatic phenotype of NCC‐S1M. These results underscore the role of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in metastatic phenotype of gastric cancer. Taken together, our novel metastatic gastric cancer cell lines are useful resources for drug development and metastasis research. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.