bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐term survival and success rate of dental implants placed in reconstructed areas with extraoral autogenous bone grafts: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Moraschini Vittorio , Louro Rafael Seabra , Son Andrea , Calasans‐Maia Monica Diuana , Sartoretto Suelen Cristina , Shibli Jamil Awad
Published: March 2024

Objective

To evaluate the long‐term survival and success rates of implants placed in reconstructed areas using microvascularized or non‐microvascularized extraoral bone grafts.

Materials and Methods

An electronic search was performed in five databases and in gray literature for articles published until June, 2023. The eligibility criteria comprised observational studies (prospective or retrospective) and clinical trials, reporting survival and success rates of implants placed in extraoral bone grafts. A meta‐analysis (implant failure) was categorized into subgroups based on the type of bone graft used. The risk of bias within studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale.

Results

Thirty‐one studies met the inclusion criteria. The mean follow‐up time was 92 months. The summary estimate of survival rate at the implant level were 94.9% (CI: 90.1%–97.4%) for non‐vascularized iliac graft, 96.5% (CI: 91.4%–98.6%) for non‐vascularized calvaria graft, and 92.3% (CI: 89.1%–94.6%) for vascularized fibula graft. The mean success rate and marginal bone loss (MBL) were 83.2%; 2.25 mm, 92.2%; 0.93 mm, and 87.6%; 1.49 mm, respectively.

Conclusions

Implants placed in areas reconstructed using extraoral autogenous bone graft have high long‐term survival rates and low long‐term MBLs. The data did not demonstrate clinically relevant differences in the survival, success, or MBL of grafts from different donor areas or with different vascularization.

This systematic review was registered in INPLASY under number INPLASY202390004.
The effect of primary renal disease upon outcomes after renal transplant
Authors: Garland Shona , Pullerits Kairi , Chukwu Chukwuma A , Chinnadurai Rajkumar , Middleton Rachel , Kalra Philip A
Published: March 2024

Background

This study investigated whether nature of primary renal disease affects clinical outcomes after renal transplantation at a single center in the United Kingdom.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of 961 renal transplant recipients followed up at a large renal center from 2000 to 2020. Separation of diseases responsible for end‐stage kidney disease included glomerulonephritis, diabetic kidney disease, hypertensive nephropathy, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, unknown cause, other causes and chronic pyelonephritis. Outcome data included graft loss, cardiovascular events, malignancy, post‐transplant diabetes mellitus and death, analyzed according to primary disease type.

Results

The mean age at transplantation was 47.3 years. During a mean follow‐up of 7.6 years, 18% of the overall cohort died corresponding to an annualised mortality rate of 2.3%. Death with a functioning graft occurred at a rate of 2.1% per annum, with the highest incidence observed in in patients with diabetic kidney disease (4.1%/year). Post‐transplant cardiovascular events occurred in 21% of recipients (2.8% per year), again highest in recipients with diabetic kidney disease (5.1%/year) and hypertensive nephropathy (4.5%/year). Post‐transplant diabetes mellitus manifested in 19% of the cohort at an annualized rate of2.1% while cancer incidence stood at 9% with an annualized rate of 1.1% . Graft loss occurred in 6.8% of recipients at the rate of1.2% per year with chronic allograft injury, acute rejection and recurrent glomerulonephritis being the predominant causative factors. Median + IQR dialysis‐free survival of the whole cohort was 16.2 (9.9 ‐ > 20) years, being shortest for diabetic kidney disease (11.0 years) and greatest for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (18.2 years) .The collective mean decline in eGFR over time was ‐1.14ml/min/year. Recipients with Pre‐transplant diabetic kidney disease exhibited the fastest rate of decline(‐2.1ml/min/year) a statistically significant difference in comparison to the other native kidney diseases with Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease exhibiting the lowest rate of decline(‐0.05ml/min/year)

Conclusion

Primary renal disease can influence the outcome after renal transplantation, with patients with prior diabetic kidney disease having the poorest outcome in terms of dialysis‐free survival and loss of transplant function. Autosomal polycystic kidney disease, other cause and unknown cause had the best outcomes compared to other primary renal disease groups.
Stellungnahme der Deutschen STI‐Gesellschaft zur antibiotischen STI‐Prophylaxe mit Doxycyclin (Doxy‐PEP, Doxy‐PrEP)
Authors: Werner Ricardo Niklas , Schmidt Axel Jeremias , Potthoff Anja , Spornraft‐Ragaller Petra , Brockmeyer Norbert Hermann ,   für die Deutsche STI‐Gesellschaft (DSTIG)
Published: March 2024

Seit etwa zwei Jahrzehnten ist eine Zunahme der Syphilisinzidenz zu beobachten, insbesondere unter Männern, die Sex mit Männern haben (MSM). Diese Entwicklung hat zu einem wachsenden Interesse an Studien zur prophylaktischen Anwendung des Antibiotikums Doxycyclin zur Vermeidung von Syphilisinfektionen und anderen sexuell übertragbaren Infektionen (STI), international meist als Doxycyclin‐Prä‐ beziehungsweise Post‐Expositionsprophylaxe (Doxy‐PrEP, Doxy‐PEP) bezeichnet, geführt. Zugleich steigt die Nachfrage seitens potenzieller Nutzer nach dieser präventiven Maßnahme.

Mehrere randomisierte kontrollierte Studien haben gezeigt, dass die prophylaktische Anwendung von Doxycyclin bei MSM und Trans‐Frauen mit HIV‐PrEP‐Gebrauch oder bekannter HIV‐Infektion das Risiko einer Syphilis‐ und Chlamydien‐Infektion wirksam reduziert. Zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt bestehen jedoch noch offene Fragen, insbesondere hinsichtlich der möglichen Auswirkungen einer breiten Anwendung der antibiotischen STI‐Prophylaxe mit Doxycyclin auf Tetrazyklin‐ und andere antimikrobielle Resistenzen bei bakteriellen STI, anderen bakteriellen Pathogenen und Bakterien des Mikrobioms.

Angesichts der steigenden Nachfrage und der Herausforderung, eine Abwägung zwischen Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und dem Risiko der Förderung von Antibiotikaresistenzen vorzunehmen, hat die Deutsche STI‐Gesellschaft (DSTIG) die vorliegende Stellungnahme erarbeitet. Diese enthält spezifische Empfehlungen zu potenziellen Indikationen, Kriterien und Anlässen für den Einsatz von Doxycyclin zur Prävention von STI. Die Empfehlungen basieren auf aktuellen Studienergebnissen und der Meinung von Fachpersonen.
Profiles of disordered eating behaviour in type 1 diabetes using the DEPS‐R and behaviour and glycaemic outcomes in a real‐life setting
Authors: Merwin Rhonda M. , Dmitrieva Natalia O. , Moskovich Ashley A. , Warnick Jennifer L. , Goebel‐Fabbri Ann E. , Topor Lisa Swartz , Darling Katherine E.
Published: March 2024

Aims

The Diabetes Eating Problems Survey – Revised (DEPS‐R) is commonly used to assess disordered eating behaviour (DEB) in individuals with type 1 diabetes and has advantages compared to other measures not specifically tailored to diabetes. A score ≥20 on the DEPS‐R is used to indicate clinically significant DEB; however, it does not distinguish between eating disorder (ED) phenotypes necessary to guide treatment decisions, limiting clinical utility.

Methods

The current study used latent class analysis to identify distinct person‐centred profiles of DEB in adults with type 1 diabetes using the DEPS‐R. Analysis of Variance with Games Howell post‐hoc comparisons was then conducted to examine the correspondence between the profiles and binge eating, insulin restriction and glycaemic control (HbA1c, mean blood glucose, and percent time spent in hyperglycaemia) during 3 days of assessment in a real‐life setting.

Results

Latent class analysis indicated a 4‐class solution, with patterns of item endorsement suggesting the following profiles: Bulimia, Binge Eating, Overeating and Low Pathology. Differences in binge eating, insulin restriction and glycaemic control were observed between profiles during 3 days of at‐home assessment. The Bulimia profile was associated with highest HbA1c and 3‐day mean blood glucose.

Conclusions

There are common patterns of responses on the DEPS‐R that appear to reflect different ED phenotypes. Profiles based on the DEPS‐R corresponded with behaviour in the real‐life setting as expected and were associated with different glycaemic outcomes. Results may have implications for the use of the DEPS‐R in research and clinical settings.
Reassessing climate disclosure demands: An examination of stakeholder perspectives beyond institutional investors
Authors: Kuvvet Emre
Published: March 2024

This article examines support for mandatory climate impact disclosures beyond institutional investors and investigates societal backing for such disclosures. Analysing public comments on the Securities and Exchange Commission's proposed climate disclosure mandate, the study reveals varying levels of support across demographics, ideologies, and industries. Notably, younger individuals, affluent individuals, females, urban residents, minorities, college graduates, Democrats, environmental activists, and certain regions overwhelmingly endorse the rule. Conversely, opposition is pronounced among high‐school graduates, rural populations, small business owners, agricultural and energy sector employees, publicly traded companies, and residents of the South and Midwest. While the SEC cites institutional initiatives and surveys to justify the demand for climate disclosures, this article highlights a potential oversight of other stakeholders' perspectives. It is unclear that mandatory disclosure is necessary when a company's business is not at material financial risk from climate change.
Effects of frass from larvae of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) on growth and insect resistance in field mustard (Brassica rapa): differences between insect species and frass treatments
Authors: Chia Shaphan Y. , van Loon Joop J. A. , Dicke Marcel
Published: March 2024

Frass, a byproduct of insect rearing, has become popular for its potential use in sustainable agriculture. The rapid growth of insect production results in an increased frass output. This study examined the effects of frass as soil amendment on plant growth and resistance to insect herbivory. In greenhouse experiments,Brassica rapaL. (Brassicaceae), was grown in unamended soil (NoFrass; control) or soil amended with frass (2 g kg−1) from larvae of black soldier fly (BSFF),Hermetia illucensL. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), or yellow mealworm (MWF),Tenebrio molitorL. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Frass was applied as raw, incubated, or composted frass before seed germination. Plant growth and performance were measured of larvae of root‐feedingDelia radicumL. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) and shoot‐feedingPlutella xylostellaL. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Initially, raw BSFF and MWF reduced the growth ofB. rapaand resulted in a smaller leaf area than NoFrass. However, over time, a notable trend emerged. Whereas the difference in leaf area between MWF and NoFrass disappeared, BSFF consistently resulted in a smaller leaf area than MWF and NoFrass. Raw BSFF reducedD. radicumlarval survival and pupal biomass and larval survival ofP. xylostella. In contrast, raw MWF increased larval survival and biomass ofD. radicumand the survival ofP. xylostellalarvae. Interestingly, incubation of frass in the soil for 16 days before seed germination removed plant growth inhibition and increased plant leaf area, especially for MWF compared to NoFrass. In addition, composting MWF increased leaf growth. Therefore, frass may be used as a sustainable and natural alternative to conventional organic fertilisers, promoting plant growth and enhancing resistance to herbivory. Our results indicate that soil amendment with raw BSFF may negatively impact herbivore performance, whereas raw MWF may enhance herbivore performance.
Can successful female STEM graduates contribute to narrowing the gender pay gap in the EU?
Authors: Petrenko Olesya , Cadil Jan
Published: March 2024

Drawing upon contemporary research, this paper examines whether there is a relationship of STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths) bachelor and master graduates to the gender pay gap (GPG) in the 27 EU Member states in 2013–2020 using a novel cross‐sectional data set based on the 2013 International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). International panel data were analysed with the dynamic modelling fixed effects method and compared with the results received from the cross‐sectional analysis executed with the help of Bayesian model averaging methods. Our findings suggest that STEM education plays a significant role in forming the GPG. We can see a negative, robust and statistically significant effect of bachelor‐ and master‐level female STEM graduates on the GPG and a positive statistically significant effect of bachelor‐ and master‐level male STEM graduates on the GPG. The permanently lower women‐to‐men ratio in STEM education and those employed in high‐end sectors of science and technology can be one of the drivers of the persistent GPG in developed countries.
Successful vitrification of equine embryos >300 microns without puncture or aspiration
Authors: Kovacsy Sofia , Ismer Ann , Funes Javier , Hoogewijs Maarten , Wilsher Sandra
Published: March 2024

Background

Equine embryos >300 μm require puncture before vitrification. Protocols that do not require pre‐puncture would make vitrification easier and allow for its widespread use.

Objectives

To design a successful vitrification protocol for embryos >300 μm without puncture as a pre‐treatment.

Study design

Experimental in vivo study.

Methods

Thirty‐eight embryos were divided into 3 groups (G1: ≤300 μm, n = 11; G2: >300–500 μm, n = 20; G3: >500 μm, n = 7). Embryos were vitrified using a human vitrification kit. Following a 15 min exposure to equilibration solution (ES; 7.5% DMSO +7.5% ethylene glycol [EG] in a base medium [BM] of M199 HEPES‐buffered medium [H199] + hydroxypropyl cellulose + gentamycin), embryos were exposed for ≤90 s to a vitrification solution (15% DMSO +15% EG + 0.5 M trelahose in BM), loaded onto a Cryolock and plunged into LN2. Warming was undertaken by plunging the Cryolock tip into 1 mL of H199 + 20% FBS + pen/strep +1 M sucrose at 42°C for 1 min. The embryos were then moved to a 0.5 M sucrose solution for 4 min, then placed in Vigro Hold for 4 min prior to transfer to a recipient.

Results

Pregnancy rates were 81.8% (9/11) for G1, 80% (16/20) for G2, and 0% (0/7) for G3. The largest embryo to survive was 480 μm.

Main limitations

Limited numbers and only one pregnancy was followed to term.

Conclusions

Equine embryos ≤480 μm can be successfully vitrified using a protocol with a longer exposure time to the ES. This does not appear to have a negative effect on early embryonic development.
Governance and efficiency in Chinese foundations
Authors: Lu Zheyu , Zhang Yuyu , Williamson Alexandra
Published: March 2024

This study examines the impact of governance on the efficiency of nonprofit organizations and the relationship among different governance mechanisms. Using a dataset of 3496 Chinese foundations from 2011 to 2015, we find that internal governance, external donor governance, and external governance environment are significantly and positively associated with foundations’ efficiency. Importantly, substitutional relationships exist among these governance mechanisms. Financial reporting quality is a major channel through which governance influences efficiency. Furthermore, the positive association between governance and efficiency is more pronounced for small foundations than for large ones and for noneducation‐focused foundations than for education‐focused ones. This study offers practical guidance for foundations to improve their efficiency by enhancing both internal and external governance and will be of interest to foundation leaders, donors, and policymakers.
The risk factors for arteriovenous fistula dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Fan , Yu Jie , Li Guoli , Fu Shuangshuang , Xiao Hailang , Yang Yiya , Liang Yumei , Chen Yinyin , Luo Xun
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction is a prevalent complication among maintenance hemodialysis patients. However, the factors influencing AVF patency remain unclear. To address this, we conducted a study aimed at identifying factors contributing to AVF dysfunction in this patient population.

Methods

The study compared clinical data, vascular calcification score, and laboratory data focusing on blood cell composition and coagulation in 100 maintenance hemodialysis patients in whom an AVF had been inserted from January through September of 2022. The patients were divided into a group in which the AVF functioned without issues and a group in which the AVF was dysfunctional, defined as not able to provide a blood flow of greater than 200 mL/min.

Findings

Patients in the 2 groups (56 in the dysfunctional AVF group and 44 in the group with satisfactory AVF function) were similar demographically. Compared with the normally functioning AVF group, the AVF dysfunction group exhibited significantly higher Agatston calcium scores (20.5 [1.28, 298] median [Q1, Q3] vs. 1.14 [0.00, 11.6]; p = 0.01), elevated triglyceride levels (1.1 [0.6, 1.2] mmol/L vs. 0.5 [0.3, 0.8]; p < 0.01), increased prothrombin activity (113 ± 22.1% vs. 99.4 ± 23.1; p < 0.01), lower prothrombin time (10.4 [9.8, 10.8] s vs. 11.0 [10.3, 11.5]; p < 0.01), higher red blood cell (RBC) counts (3.5 ± 0.7 · 1012/L vs. 3.0 ± 0.7; p < 0.01), and elevated hemoglobin levels (98.0 ± 21.8 g/L vs. 84.9 ± 24.2; p < 0.01). Higher C‐reactive protein (20.2 [3.3, 20.2] mg/L vs. 17.8 [6.2, 17.8]; p = 0.01) and procalcitonin levels (0.9 [0.4, 0.9] ng/mL vs. 0.5 [0.2, 0.7]; p < 0.01) were also noted. Logistic regression analysis indicated that platelet/lymphocyte ratio, monocyte/lymphocyte ratio, and RBC count were factors associated with AVF dysfunction. Increased monocyte/lymphocyte ratio and RBC count correlated with higher risk, while a higher platelet/lymphocyte ratio was associated with lower risk.

Discussion

Arteriovenous fistula dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis patients is associated with higher proportions of specific hematological parameters, particularly elevated RBC count, and altered platelet/lymphocyte and monocyte/lymphocyte ratios.
Internationalization of higher education research in the Greater Bay Area of China: Building capacities, alleviating asymmetries
Authors: Oleksiyenko Anatoly V. , Liu Jie , Ngan Christy
Published: March 2024

Internationalization is known to enhance university capacities in cross‐border learning and encourage institutional transformations for improved quality of scholarship and education. Studies on internationalization of research and teaching are, however, under‐problematized with regard to asymmetries that pervade different collaborating systems and cultures. This paper addresses this gap by elucidating asymmetries in the Greater Bay Area of China (GBA), which is dealing with differences in legacies and experiences of internationalization in university research and teaching. At a time when the governments in the three constituent jurisdictions of GBA—Guangdong Province, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), and Macao SAR—encourage universities to collaborate across jurisdictional borders, this study applies a bibliographic analysis to shed light on asymmetries and mitigation strategies in internationalization of research and teaching.
Validating care and treatment scenarios for measuring decisional conflict regarding future care preferences among older adults
Authors: Sinclair Craig , Yeoh Ling , Karusoo‐Musumeci Ava , Auret Kirsten A. , Clayton Josephine M. , Hilgeman Michelle , Halcomb Elizabeth , Sinclair Ron , Martini Angelita , Meller Anne , Walton Rebecca , Wei Li , Dao‐Tran Tiet‐Hanh , Kurrle Susan , Comans Tracy
Published: March 2024

Objective

Decisional conflict is used increasingly as an outcome measure in advance care planning (ACP) studies. When the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) is used in anticipatory decision‐making contexts, the scale is typically tethered to hypothetical scenarios. This study reports preliminary validation data for hypothetical scenarios relating to life‐sustaining treatments and care utilisation to inform their broader use in ACP studies.

Methods

Three hypothetical scenarios were developed by a panel of multidisciplinary researchers, clinicians and community representatives. A convenience sample of 262 older adults were surveyed. Analyses investigated comprehensibility, missing data properties, sample norms, structural, convergent and discriminant validity.

Results

Response characteristics suggested that two of the scenarios had adequate comprehensibility and response spread. Missing response rates were unrelated to demographic characteristics. Predicted associations between DCS scores and anxiety (r's = .31–.37, p < .001), and ACP engagement (r's = −.41 to −.37, p < .001) indicated convergent validity.

Conclusion

A substantial proportion of older adults reported clinically significant levels of decisional conflict when responding to a range of hypothetical scenarios about care or treatment. Two scenarios showed acceptable comprehensibility and response characteristics. A third scenario may be suitable following further refinement.

Patient or Public Contribution

The scenarios tested here were designed in collaboration with a community representative and were further piloted with two groups of community members with relevant lived experiences; four people with life‐limiting conditions and five current or former care partners.
Melasma and reflectance confocal microscopy: from baseline to treatment monitoring
Authors: Guida Stefania , Longo Caterina , Ronga Riccardo , Stabile Giorgio , Podo Brunetti Antonio , Bigotto Gianmarco D. , Conforti Claudio , Ciardo Silvana , Cantisani Carmen , Paolino Giovanni , Mercuri Santo R. , Nisticò Steven P. , Zerbinati Nicola , Rongioletti Franco , Pellacani Giovanni
Published: March 2024

Melasma is a frequent condition worldwide, and it represents one of the most challenging disorders to treat in cosmetic dermatology. One of the critical factors for treatment prognosis is the assessment of the depth and distribution of pigment within the hyperpigmented area. Nowadays, non‐invasive skin imaging techniques, such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), have been used to estimate pigment distribution and depth within different skin layers. This article aims to provide a systematic review of RCM applications in melasma, providing terminology and investigating characteristics of melasma at baseline and after medical and laser treatment. Our results support the recognition of two main types of melasma, epidermal and mixed type, thanks to the role of RCM in highlighting the precise pigment depth location in the skin non‐invasively. RCM treatment monitoring enables the objectification of pigment variations after treatment and the identification of prognostic factors for different treatment modalities. After the era of the application of RCM as a technique applied strictly to skin cancers, additional cosmetic applications are emerging, such as the application of melasma treatment monitoring.
Prenatal influences on postnatal neuroplasticity: Integrating DOHaD and sensitive/critical period frameworks to understand biological embedding in early development
Authors: Margolis Emma T. , Gabard‐Durnam Laurel J.
Published: March 2024

Early environments can have significant and lasting effects on brain, body, and behavior across the lifecourse. Here, we address current research efforts to understand how experiences impact neurodevelopment with a new perspective integrating two well‐known conceptual frameworks – the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) and sensitive/critical period frameworks. Specifically, we consider how prenatal experiences characterized in the DOHaD model impact two key neurobiological mechanisms of sensitive/critical periods for adapting to and learning from the postnatal environment. We draw from both animal and human research to summarize the current state of knowledge on how particular prenatal substance exposures (psychoactive substances and heavy metals) and nutritional profiles (protein‐energy malnutrition and iron deficiency) each differentially impact brain circuits' excitation/GABAergic inhibition balance and myelination. Finally, we highlight new research directions that emerge from this integrated framework, including testing how prenatal environments alter sensitive/critical period timing and learning and identifying potential promotional/buffering prenatal exposures to impact postnatal sensitive/critical periods. We hope this integrative framework considering prenatal influences on postnatal neuroplasticity will stimulate new research to understand how early environments have lasting consequences on our brains, behavior, and health.
Reversal evidence from investor sentiment in international stock markets
Authors: Ahn Keunbae , Hambusch Gerhard
Published: March 2024

This research investigates the effect of sentiment on the time‐series and cross‐section of mean, variance and correlation of asset returns to examine how investor sentiment creates predictable variations in financial markets. Based on the method proposed by Baker and Wurgler (2007, Investor sentiment in the stock market, Journal of Economic Perspectives 21, 129‐152), we build composite sentiment indexes with a focus on international markets. Our time‐series results show that optimistic (pessimistic) sentiment leads to overpricing (underpricing) and that variance and correlation of asset returns increase when investors are pessimistic. Our cross‐ section results suggest that these effects tend to become more pronounced for stocks with more exposure to sentiment or the market.
Optimization of spraying process and stoichiometric stage of plasma‐sprayed Yb2Si2O7 environmental barrier coating
Authors: Xue Zhaolu , Wang Haohan , Wang Xin , Zhang Zhenya , Byon Eungsun , Zhang Shihong
Published: March 2024

Ytterbium disilicate (Yb2Si2O7) is a potential environmental barrier coating (EBC) material. In this paper, the microstructure and phase composition of plasma‐sprayed Yb2Si2O7 coatings with different spraying process were systematically investigated to optimize the spraying power and spraying distance. Furthermore, in order to obtain Yb2Si2O7 coating with single phase, a certain proportion of SiO2 was added to the Yb2Si2O7 powder to compensate for the volatilization of SiO2 during plasma‐spraying process, and the influence of spraying powder composition on the microstructure and phase structure (composition and content) of Yb2Si2O7 coatings were also characterized in detail. The results showed that the Yb2Si2O7 coating was dense with fewer pores and cracks at the spraying power of 40 kW and the spraying distance of 100 mm. Yb2Si2O7 coating with the “sandwich” structure was composed of Yb2Si2O7, Yb2Si2O7 + Yb2SiO5, and Yb2SiO5 three microstructures, which was mainly caused by the volatilization of SiO2 in Yb2Si2O7 spraying powder. The Yb2Si2O7 coating contained 90.68 mol.% Yb2Si2O7 phase and 9.32 mol.% Yb2SiO5 phase after crystallization at 1300°C for 20 h. The coating was composed of Yb2Si2O7 phase and amorphous phase after SiO2 addition. Yb2SiO5 phase precipitated from the coating after heat treatment at 1300°C, and its content decreased with the increase of SiO2 content. The content of the Yb2Si2O7 phase was as high as 99.41 mol.% when SiO2 content was 10 mol.%, which would provide a scientific basis for further research on stoichiometric Yb2Si2O7 EBCs with excellent properties.
Omega‐3 fatty acids and their influence on hypertension and coronary atherosclerosis: Insights from a Mendelian randomization approach
Authors: Song Yuchen , Wang Qun , Jia Lianqun
Published: March 2024

It has been suggested that Omega‐3 fatty acids may improve endothelial thickness and thereby reduce the onset of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension. However, published observational epidemiological studies on the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Omega‐3 fatty acids remain inconclusive. Here, we performed a two‐sample Mendelian randomisation analysis using publicly available GWAS pooled statistics to study a GWAS dataset of 16 380 466 SNPs in 23 363 cases and 195 429 controls (also of European ancestry) to determine genetic susceptibility to hypertension. We performed random‐effects Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses supplemented by a series of sensitivity assessments to measure the robustness of the findings and to detect any violations of the MR assumptions. During the course of the study, we used IVW, MR‐Egger, and weighted median regression to infer that Omega‐3 intake has a potentially adverse effect against atherosclerosis, although the trend was not significant (OR = 1.1198; 95%; CI: 0.9641–1.3006, p = .130). Meanwhile, our analyses showed a statistically significant negative association between Omega‐3 fatty acid levels and risk of hypertension (OR = 0.9006; 95% CI: 0.8179–0.9917, p = .033). In addition, we explored the causal relationship between atherosclerosis and hypertension and found a significant correlation (OR = 1.3036; 95% CI: 1.0672–1.5923, p = .009). In conclusion, our extensive data investigated by MR suggest that elevated levels of Omega‐3 fatty acids may be associated with an decreased risk of hypertension. Although there is no direct link between hypertension and atherosclerosis, the possibility of a subtle association cannot be categorically excluded.
Deucravacitinib in moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis: Pooled safety and tolerability over 52 weeks from two phase 3 trials (POETYK PSO‐1 and PSO‐2)
Authors: Strober Bruce , Blauvelt Andrew , Warren Richard B. , Papp Kim A. , Armstrong April W. , Gordon Kenneth B. , Morita Akimichi , Alexis Andrew F. , Lebwohl Mark , Foley Peter , Kisa Renata M. , Colston Elizabeth , Wang Tao , Banerjee Subhashis , Thaçi Diamant
Published: March 2024

Background

Two phase 3 trials, POETYK PSO‐1 and PSO‐2, previously established the efficacy and overall safety of deucravacitinib, an oral, selective, allosteric tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) inhibitor, in plaque psoriasis.

Objectives

To further assess the safety of deucravacitinib over 52 weeks in the pooled population from these two trials.

Methods

Pooled safety data were evaluated from PSO‐1 and PSO‐2 in which patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis were randomized 1:2:1 to receive oral placebo, deucravacitinib or apremilast.

Results

A total of 1683 patients were included in the pooled analysis. Adverse event (AE) incidence rates were similar in each treatment group, serious AEs were low and balanced across groups, and discontinuation rates were lower with deucravacitinib versus placebo or apremilast. No new safety signals emerged with longer deucravacitinib treatment. Exposure‐adjusted incidence rates of AEs of interest with placebo, deucravacitinib and apremilast, respectively, were as follows: serious infections (0.8/100 person‐years [PY], 1.7/100 PY, and 1.8/100 PY), major adverse cardiovascular events (1.2/100 PY, 0.3/100 PY, and 0.9/100 PY), venous thromboembolic events (0, 0.2/100 PY, and 0), malignancies (0, 1.0/100 PY and 0.9/100 PY), herpes zoster (0.4/100 PY, 0.8/100 PY, and 0), acne (0.4/100 PY, 2.9/100 PY, and 0) and folliculitis (0, 2.8/100 PY, and 0.9/100 PY). No clinically meaningful changes from baseline in mean levels, or shifts from baseline to CTCAE grade ≥3 abnormalities, were reported in laboratory parameters with deucravacitinib.

Conclusions

Deucravacitinib was well‐tolerated with acceptable safety over 52 weeks in patients with psoriasis.
A comparative spatial analysis of flood susceptibility mapping using boosting machine learning algorithms in Rathnapura, Sri Lanka
Authors: Kurugama Kumudu Madhawa , Kazama So , Hiraga Yusuke , Samarasuriya Chaminda
Published: March 2024

Identifying flood‐prone areas is essential for preventing floods, reducing risks, and making informed decisions. A spatial database with 595 flood inventory and 13 flood predictors were used to implement five boosting algorithms: gradient boosting machine (GBM), extreme gradient boosting, categorical boosting, logit boost, and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) to map flood susceptibility in Rathnapura while evaluating trained model's generalizing ability and assessing the feature importance in flood susceptibility mapping (FSM). The model performance was evaluated using the F1‐score, kappa index, and area under curve (AUC) method. The findings revealed that all the models were effective in identifying the overall flood susceptibility trends while LightGBM model had superior results (F1‐score = 0.907, Kappa value = 0.813 and AUC = 0.970), securing the top scores across all performance metrics compared to the other models (for testing dataset). Based on kappa evaluation, most of the models had finer performance (AUC min = 0.737) while LightGBM had moderate performance for predictions beyond the training region. According to the results, regions with lower altitudes and topographic roughness values, moderate rainfall, and proximity to rivers are more susceptible to flooding. This framework can be adapted for rapid FSM in data‐deficient regions.
Individualized prediction of critical illness in older adults: Validation of an elders risk assessment model
Authors: Herasevich Svetlana , Minteer Sarah A. , Boswell Christopher L. , Hanson Andrew C. , Dong Yue , Gajic Ognjen , Barwise Amelia K.
Published: March 2024

Background

The electronic health record (EHR) presents new opportunities for the timely identification of patients at high risk of critical illness and the implementation of preventive strategies. This study aims to externally validate an EHR‐based Elders Risk Assessment (ERA) score to identify older patients at high risk of future critical illness during a primary care visit.

Methods

This historical cohort study included patients aged ≥65 years who had primary care visits at Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, between July 2019 and December 2021. The ERA score at the time of the primary care visit was used to predict critical illness, defined as death or ICU admission within 1 year of the visit.

Results

A total of 12,885 patients were included in the analysis. The median age at the time of the primary care visit was 75 years, with 44.6% being male. 93.7% of participants were White, and 64.2% were married. The median (25th, 75th percentile) ERA score was 4 (0, 9). 11.3% of study participants were admitted to the ICU or died within 1 year of the visit. The ERA score predicted critical illness within 1 year of a primary care visit with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.84 (95% CI 0.83–0.85), which indicates good discrimination. An ERA score of 9 was identified as optimal for implementing and testing potential preventive strategies, with the odds ratio of having the primary outcome in patients with ERA score ≥9 being 11.33 (95%CI 9.98–12.87).

Conclusions

This simple EHR‐based risk assessment model can predict critical illness within 1 year of primary care visits in older patients. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for testing and implementation of preventive strategies to promote the well‐being of older adults at risk of critical illness and its consequences.
Retroperitoneal fasciae as barriers for nerve and arterial passages connecting the retroperitoneal region to the peritoneal organs
Authors: Sugiyama Yuzuki , Muro Satoru , Ban Daisuke , Akita Keiichi
Published: March 2024

The fascia of the pancreatic head is referred to as the retropancreatic fascia of Treitz, and that of the body and tail of the pancreas is named the retropancreatic fascia of Toldt. However, the spatial relationship between the nerves, fascia, and the distribution of the fascia on the dorsal side of the pancreas remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the distribution of these fasciae and elucidate the spatial relationship between the nerves and arteries connecting the retroperitoneal space and the peritoneal organs by studying eight cadavers using macroscopic anatomical examination, wide‐range serial sectioning, and three‐dimensional reconstruction. The fasciae of Treitz and Toldt converge caudally to the root of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), forming a narrower gap around the roots of the celiac trunk and SMA than in the celiac plexus. The fasciae eventually get closer to each other, and the boundary between them becomes obscured, providing coverage to the anterior surface of the aorta between the SMA and the inferior mesenteric artery. The celiac plexus does not penetrate the fascia but converges before spreading into the pancreas. Similarly, the arteries pass through this gap in the fasciae. Our findings suggest that the retroperitoneal space and peritoneal organs are connected through a narrow no‐fascia area, with the distribution of the fascia relating to nervous and vascular pathways. Our findings reveal that the distribution of the avascular plane may provide a crucial anatomical foundation for abdominal digestive organ surgery by reducing bleeding volume and determining the dissection region.
Effects of transitional care interventions on quality of life in people with lung cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Yan‐Yan , Zhao Yong , Yin Ying‐Ying , Cao Hui‐Ping , Lu Han‐Bing , Li Ya‐Jie , Xie Jiao
Published: March 2024

Aim

To identify and appraise the quality of evidence of transitional care interventions on quality of life in lung cancer patients.

Background

Quality of life is a strong predictor of survival. The transition from hospital to home is a high‐risk period for patients' readmission and death, which seriously affect their quality of life.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CINAHL databases were searched from inception to 22 October 2022. The primary outcome was quality of life. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4, results were expressed as standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. This study was complied with PRISMA guidelines and previously registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023429464).

Results

Fourteen randomized controlled trials were included consisting of a total of 1700 participants, and 12 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. It was found that transitional care interventions significantly improved quality of life (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.40, p = .03) and helped reduce symptoms (SMD = −0.65, 95% CI: −1.13 to −0.18, p = .007) in lung cancer patients, but did not significantly reduce anxiety and depression, and the effect on self‐efficacy was unclear.

Conclusions

This study shows that transitional care interventions can improve quality of life and reduce symptoms in patients, and that primarily educational interventions based on symptom management theory appeared to be more effective. But, there was no statistically significant effect on anxiety and depression.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This study provides references for the application of transitional care interventions in the field of lung cancer care, and encourages nurses and physicians to apply transitional care plans to facilitate patients' safe transition from hospital to home.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
The interrelation between the high expression level of MIR34a and the trisomic abortion materials
Authors: Kazancioglu Elvin , Tug Esra , Ergun Mehmet Ali , Kazan Hasan Huseyin , Karaoguz Meral Yirmibes
Published: March 2024

Aims

The underlying mechanism and constitution of spontaneous abortions are complicated and heterogeneous. Many factors, including epigenetic scenarios like micro‐ribonucleic acids (miRNAs, MIRs), can additively affect the progression of pregnancy losses. This study aimed to evaluate whether the expression levels of placental inhibitor and/or activator miRNAs had a difference between the numerically abnormal and normal karyotyped spontaneous abortions.

Methods

The case–control study included 100 spontaneous abortion materials consisting of trophoblastic tissues with 42 disomies (controls), 43 aneuploidies (including trisomy 16, 21, 22, and monosomy X), and 15 triploidies. Disomic abortion materials with XX normal karyotypes were omitted from the study to exclude possible maternal decidual cell contamination. Total RNA isolation was performed with TRIzol™ reagent directly from frozen trophoblastic tissues, and the mature miRNAs were obtained by reverse transcription via quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Then, the expression levels of placental activators MIR378a‐5p, MIR376c, MIR195, and inhibitors MIR34a and MIR210 were relatively evaluated using MIR130 as a reference.

Results

The expression level of placental inhibitor MIR34a was detected to be high in trisomic abortion materials (trisomy 16 and 21) when compared to the disomic ones (p = 0.0324). MIR195 (p = 0.0484) and MIR34a (p = 0.0346) expression levels were increased in numerically abnormal cases with advanced maternal age compared to the disomic ones within all maternal ages.

Conclusions

It seems likely that the high expression level of MIR34a and the coexistence of trisomic abortion materials are quite interrelated with the additive effect of advanced maternal age.
Latinx LGBTQ+ youth and grandparents: Intergenerational solidarity, precarious familismo, and cisnormativity
Authors: McCandless‐Chapman Otis , Ottaway Abigail , Stone Amy L. , Robinson Brandon Andrew
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study documents the importance of grandparents for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) Latinx youth and how cisnormativity shapes these relationship dynamics.

Background

Most research on LGBTQ+ youth's family relations centers on the parent–child relationship. Grandparents are important for racially marginalized families, particularly Latinx families. Additionally, Latinx LGBTQ+ youth are impacted by precarious familismo—the disparate experiences with family members in which their gender and sexuality are simultaneously accepted and rejected.

Method

The data for this project are from the Family Housing and Me (FHAM) project, a landmark longitudinal study on the impact of non‐parental relatives on the lives of LGBTQ+ youth. This paper analyzes a subsample of 35 qualitative interviews with Latinx LGBTQ+ youth (16–19 years old) who live in South Texas or the Inland Empire of California, the majority of whom are transgender or nonbinary.

Results

Grandparents played an important role in the lives of Latinx LGBTQ+ youth interviewees, including providing many of the positive benefits of familismo. The youth also described “disparate experiences” of precarious familismo in how their grandparents simultaneously attempted identity support of their gender identities and reinforced cisnormativity. Youth often navigated these experiences by expressing low expectations that their grandparents would fully understand their gender identities, which we refer to as generational gender expectations.

Conclusion

Research on LGBTQ+ youth should integrate the study of non‐parental relatives to fully understand support networks and family systems for LGBTQ+ youth. Additionally, cisnormativity plays an important role in family life and familismo.
Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) ascribed to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the USA—Update with genetic correlations
Authors: Bonkovsky Herbert L. , Ghabril Marwan , Nicoletti Paola , Dellinger Andrew , Fontana Robert J. , Barnhart Huiman , Gu Jiezhun , Daly Ann K. , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Phillips Elizabeth J. , Kleiner David E. ,   the US DILIN Investigators
Published: March 2024

Objective

To describe patients with NSAID‐DILI, including genetic factors associated with idiosyncratic DILI.

Methods

In DILIN, subjects with presumed DILI are enrolled and followed for at least 6 months. Causality is adjudicated by a Delphic approach. HLA sequencing of multiethnic NSAID‐DILI patients and HLA allele imputation of matching population controls were performed following overall, class and drug‐based association analysis. Significant results were tested in a non‐Hispanic White (NHW) case–control replication cohort.

Results

Between September 2004 and March 2022, causality was adjudicated in 2498, and 55 (41 [75%] women) were assessed as likely due to NSAIDs. Median age at onset was 55 y (range 22–83 y). Diclofenac was the causative drug in 29, celecoxib in 7, ibuprofen in 5, etodolac and meloxicam each in 4. Except for meloxicam and oxaprozin (n = 2), the liver injury was hepatocellular with median R 15–25. HLA‐DRB1*04:03 and HLA‐B*35:03 were significantly more frequent in NSAID‐DILI patients than in non‐NSAID DILI controls. Interestingly, 85% of the HLA‐DRB1*04:03 carriers developed DILI due to the use of acetic acid derivative NSAIDs, supporting the hypothesis that HLA‐DRB1*04:03 could be a drug and/or class risk factor. HLA‐B*35:03 but not HLA‐DRB1*04:03 association was confirmed in the independent NHW replication cohort, which was largely driven by diclofenac.

Conclusions

Despite prevalent use, NSAID‐DILI is infrequent in the United States. Diclofenac is the most commonly implicated, and adherence to warnings of risk and close observation are recommended. The increased frequency of HLA‐B*35:03 and DRB1*04:03, driven by diclofenac, suggests the importance of immune‐mediated responses.
The relationships between optimal infant feeding practices and child development and attained height at age 2 years and 6–7 years
Authors: Tran Lan Mai , Nguyen Phuong H. , Young Melissa F. , Martorell Reynaldo , Ramakrishnan Usha
Published: March 2024

Limited evidence exists on the long‐term effects of early feeding practices on child growth and development. We examined the relationships between infant feeding practices and child height and development at ages 2 and 6–7 years. We studied 885 mother–child dyads from a randomized controlled trial of preconception supplementation in Vietnam. Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), breastfeeding (BF) duration and minimum dietary diversity (MDD) were assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Child development was assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development‐III at 2 years and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children® – IV at 6–7 years. Child height‐for‐age z‐score (HAZ) was calculated from child height and age. Multivariable regression and structural equation models were used in analyses that controlled for confounding. EIBF and EBF at 6 months occurred in 52% and 62% of children, respectively. Mean breastfeeding duration was 18 months and 83% achieved MDD at 1 year. EIBF was associated with motor (β = 0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00, 0.28) and cognitive development at 2 years (β = 0.12, 95% CI: −0.01, 0.26), which in turn were positively associated with cognitive development at 6–7 years. EBF was directly associated with development at 6–7 years (β = 0.21, 95% CI:0.08, 0.34) whereas motor and cognitive development at 2 years explained 41%–75% of the relationship between EIBF and development at 6–7 years. HAZ at 2 years also mediated 70% of the association between MDD at 1 year and HAZ at 6–7 years. BF duration was not associated with child development and HAZ. Early infant feeding practices, especially EIBF and EBF, have important long‐term implications for optimizing child linear growth and cognition as they begin school.