bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RIP1 inhibition protects retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma models of ocular injury
Authors: Kim Bo Kyoung , Goncharov Tatiana , Archaimbault Sébastien A. , Roudnicky Filip , Webster Joshua D. , Westenskow Peter D. , Vucic Domagoj
Published: October 2024

Receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1, RIPK1) is a critical mediator of multiple signaling pathways that promote inflammatory responses and cell death. The kinase activity of RIP1 contributes to the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of RIP1 in retinopathies remains unclear. This study demonstrates that RIP1 inhibition protects retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in preclinical glaucoma models. Genetic inactivation of RIP1 improves RGC survival and preserves retinal function in the preclinical glaucoma models of optic nerve crush (ONC) and ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). In addition, the involvement of necroptosis in ONC and IRI glaucoma models was examined by utilizing RIP1 kinase-dead (RIP1-KD), RIP3 knockout (RIP3-KO), and MLKL knockout (MLKL-KO) mice. The number of RGCs, retinal thickness, and visual acuity were rescued in RIP1-kinase-dead (RIP1-KD) mice in both models, while wild-type (WT) mice experienced significant retinal thinning, RGC loss, and vision impairment. RIP3-KO and MLKL-KO mice showed moderate protective effects in the IRI model and limited in the ONC model. Furthermore, we confirmed that a glaucoma causative mutation in optineurin, OPTN-E50K, sensitizes cells to RIP1-mediated inflammatory cell death. RIP1 inhibition reduces RGC death and axonal degeneration following IRI in mice expressing OPTN-WT and OPTN-E50K variant mice. We demonstrate that RIP1 inactivation suppressed microglial infiltration in the RGC layer following glaucomatous damage. Finally, this study highlights that human glaucomatous retinas exhibit elevated levels of TNF and RIP3 mRNA and microglia infiltration, thus demonstrating the role of neuroinflammation in glaucoma pathogenesis. Altogether, these data indicate that RIP1 plays an important role in modulating neuroinflammation and that inhibiting RIP1 activity may provide a neuroprotective therapy for glaucoma.
Segmentation window of speech information processing in the human auditory cortex
Authors: Hayashi Minoru , Kida Tetsuo , Inui Koji
Published: October 2024

Humans perceive continuous speech signals as discrete sequences. To clarify the temporal segmentation window of speech information processing in the human auditory cortex, the relationship between speech perception and cortical responses was investigated using auditory evoked magnetic fields (AEFs). AEFs were measured while participants heard synthetic Japanese words /atataka/. There were eight types of /atataka/ with different speech rates. The durations of the words ranged from 75 to 600 ms. The results revealed a clear correlation between the AEFs and syllables. Specifically, when the durations of the words were between 375 and 600 ms, the evoked responses exhibited four clear responses from the superior temporal area, M100, that corresponded not only to the onset of speech but also to each group of consonant/vowel syllable units. The number of evoked M100 responses was correlated to the duration of the stimulus as well as the number of perceived syllables. The approximate range of the temporal segmentation window limit of speech perception was considered to be between 75 and 94 ms. This finding may contribute to optimizing the temporal performance of high-speed synthesized speech generation systems.
In vitro and computational investigation of antioxidant and anticancer properties of Streptomyces coeruleofuscus SCJ extract on MDA-MB-468 triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Rammali Said , Idir Abderrazak , Aherkou Marouane , Ciobică Alin , Kamal Fatima Zahra , Aalaoui Mohamed El , Rahim Abdellatif , khattabi Abdelkrim , Abdelmajid Zyad , Aasfar Abderrahim , Burlui Vasile , Calin Gabriela , Mavroudis Ioannis , Bencharki Bouchaib
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to explore the antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces coeruleofuscus SCJ strain, along with its inhibitory effects on the triple-negative human breast carcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-468). The ethyl acetate extract’s total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified, and its antioxidant activity was investigated using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) assays. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of the organic extract from Streptomyces coeruleofuscus SCJ on MDA-MB-468 cancer cells was assessed via the crystal violet assay. In tandem, a thorough computational investigation was conducted to explore the pharmacokinetic properties of the identified components of the extract, utilizing the SwissADME and pKCSM web servers. Additionally, the molecular interactions between these components and Estrogen Receptor Beta, identified as a potential target, were probed through molecular docking studies. The results revealed that ethyl acetate extract of SCJ strain exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity, with 39.899 ± 1.56% and 35.798 ± 0.082% scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS, respectively, at 1 mg/mL. The extract also displayed significant ferric reducing power, with a concentration of 1.087 ± 0.026 mg ascorbic acid equivalents per mg of dry extract. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation (p < 0.0001) between the antioxidant activity, the polyphenol and the flavonoid contents. Regarding anticancer activity, the SCJ strain extract demonstrated significant anticancer activity against TNBC MDA-MB-468 cancer cells, with an inhibition percentage of 62.76 ± 0.62%, 62.67 ± 0.93%, and 58.07 ± 4.82% at 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL of the extract, respectively. The HPLC-UV/vis analysis revealed nine phenolic compounds: gallic acid, sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, trans-fereulic acid, syringic acid, chloroqenic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin. Streptomyces coeruleofuscus SCJ showed promise for drug discovery, exhibiting antioxidant and anticancer effects.
Visual and ocular surface benefits of mini-scleral contact lenses in patients with chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease (GvHD)
Authors: Keye Philip , Issleib Susanne , Gier Yvonne , Glegola Mateusz , Maier Philip , Böhringer Daniel , Eberwein Philipp , Reinhard Thomas
Published: October 2024

Graft-versus-Host disease is a major complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The eyes are a frequently affected organ with a severe dry eye disease being the hallmark manifestation. This retrospective study evaluates the effect of mini-scleral contact lenses on visual acuity, eye-related quality of life and the ocular surface. 62 eyes of 31 patients were included and visual acuity, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire results and Oxford grades before and after mini-scleral lens fitting were compared. Median Snellen fraction with mini-scleral lenses was 20/25 (1st 20/30/3rd 20/20) compared to 20/40 median Snellen fraction with spectacles (1st 20/60/3rd 20/25). Median OSDI scores improved from 73 (1st 41.6/3rd 89) before fitting to 27 (1st 14.5/3rd 56) with mini-scleral lenses. Median Oxford grade decreased from 3 before mini-scleral lens fitting (1st 1/3rd 4.75) to 1 after mini-scleral lens fitting (1st 0/3rd 4). Median time of follow up was 717.5 days. Seven patients (22.6%) discontinued therapy with mini-scleral lenses. Mini-scleral lenses are beneficial for most patients with ocular GvHD as they improve visual acuity, eye-related quality of life and the integrity of the corneal epithelium.
Cyclophilin D plays a critical role in the survival of senescent cells
Authors: Protasoni Margherita , López-Polo Vanessa , Stephan-Otto Attolini Camille , Brandariz Julian , Herranz Nicolas , Mateo Joaquin , Ruiz Sergio , Fernandez-Capetillo Oscar , Kovatcheva Marta , Serrano Manuel
Published: October 2024

Senescent cells play a causative role in many diseases, and their elimination is a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, through a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen, we identify the gene PPIF, encoding the mitochondrial protein cyclophilin D (CypD), as a novel senolytic target. Cyclophilin D promotes the transient opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), which serves as a failsafe mechanism for calcium efflux. We show that senescent cells exhibit a high frequency of transient CypD/mPTP opening events, known as 'flickering'. Inhibition of CypD using genetic or pharmacologic tools, including cyclosporin A, leads to the toxic accumulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ and the death of senescent cells. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NCLX, another mitochondrial calcium efflux channel, also leads to senolysis, while inhibition of the main Ca2+ influx channel, MCU, prevents senolysis induced by CypD inhibition. We conclude that senescent cells are highly vulnerable to elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ ions, and that transient CypD/mPTP opening is a critical adaptation mechanism for the survival of senescent cells.
Computational insights into selective glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) conversion by reducing humins formation in aqueous media under Brønsted acid-catalyzed conditions
Authors: Chhatria Jogeswar , Nair Swetha , Kumar Sankari Nattuvetty Sunil , Kunnikuruvan Sooraj
Published: October 2024

Density functional theory-based mechanistic studies and microkinetic analysis provide critical insights into the strategies for reducing humins formation and thereby enhancing the selectivity of the glucose to HMF conversion reaction.
Biomass-derived metal-free heteroatom doped nanostructured carbon electrocatalysts for high-performance rechargeable lithium–air batteries
Authors: Alemu Molla Asmare , Zegeye Getie Muluken , Mulugeta Wassie Hailemariam , Shitye Alem Mulat , Assegie Addisu Alemayehu , llbaş Mustafa , Al Afif Rafat
Published: October 2024

Renewable energy sources are crucial for addressing the energy crisis and global warming, but their intermittent nature necessitates storage.
Advancing green chemistry in environmental monitoring: the role of electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors
Authors: Mwanza Christopher , Zhang Wei-Zhi , Mulenga Kalulu , Ding Shou-Nian
Published: October 2024

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic materials designed to mimic the natural “lock and key” mechanism observed in biomolecular systems, such as the interactions between antibodies and antigens.
A review of UiO-based MOF detection and removal strategies for antibiotics in water
Authors: Amani Vahid , Norouzi Fataneh , Akrami Zakyeh
Published: October 2024

This review emphasizes the promising potential of UiO MOFs as efficient adsorbents for removing antibiotics from water, offering a viable solution for environmental cleanup.
In situ exsolved Fe nanoparticles enhance the catalytic performance of perovskite cathode materials in solid oxide electrolytic cells
Authors: He Shiwen , He Xuewei , Gan Lizhen
Published: October 2024

In situ exsolution of Fe nanoparticles at the metal oxide interface enhances the catalytic performance of the perovskite cathode.
One‐Bit Distributed Sparse Spectrum Sensing Based on the DQA‐ZA‐LMS and DQA‐RZA‐LMS Algorithms Over Adaptive Networks
Authors: Mostafapour Ehsan , Ghobadi Changiz , Nourinia Javad , Borjali Navesi Ramin
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we proposed the distributed quantization and sparsity aware zero attracting least mean square (DQA‐ZA‐LMS) and its reweighted version (DQA‐RZA‐LMS) algorithms that can perform sparse spectrum sensing with the lowest power possible. The usage of the quantization aware diffusion adaptive networks has recently been proposed and they can be used in many possible mobile communicative applications. The sparsity aware feature of the proposed algorithm can help the network to track and estimate sparse random vectors that are shown to be the case with the spectrum of the new generation wireless communication systems such as 4G, 5G, 6G, and beyond. The spectrum sensing is considered in this paper to be performed by small cell eNode Bs (SC‐eNBs) for the 4th generation long term evolution (LTE) and the next generation eNB (ng‐eNB) networks for the 5th and 6th generation mobile communication systems that are scattered in an area collecting distributed quantized data from the environment and working collaboratively to estimate the sparse spectrum vectors. Our findings show that in comparison with the nonquantized version of the distributed ZA‐LMS (DZA‐LMS) and distributed regularized ZA‐LMS (DRZA‐LMS) algorithms, our proposed schemes perform considerably well using the quantized data and also reduce power consumption.
Research on Application of Graphene in Lithium Ion Battery Cathode Materials
Authors: Huang Huaijin
Published: October 2024

Lithium-ion battery is one of the most essential energy storage tools. However, its performance in terms of rate, capacity, and recyclability still needs to be improved. Cathode material influences the performance of batteries greatly, hence, improving the performance of cathode shows especially importance. Adding effective materials to make composite cathode material is regarded as a main and significant method to improve the performance of cathode. Graphene gains lots of attraction by virtue of its high conductivity, electrochemical properties and thermal stability. Combining graphene with cathode materials will help to enhance conductivity of cathode. Therefore, graphene is selected as a promising candidate for modifying performance of cathode. This work first briefly reviews main methods for preparation of graphene. The preparation methods, including mechanical exfoliation method, chemical vapor deposition method, and reduction of graphene oxide method are introduced in detail. In addition, this work also summarizes working theory and major materials applied for cathode (LiFePO4, LiMn2O4, LiCoO2). Besides, the progresses of these materials combining with graphene as cathode materials applied in batteries are outlined. Graphene shows great importance in improving performance of cathode in lithium battery. It also provides more possibilities in inventing novel composite electrodes in the future.
Advancements and Challenges in Hydrogen Storage Technologies
Authors: Yang Yicheng
Published: October 2024

The over-reliance on fossil fuels has led to severe pollution issues, prompting the development of renewable energy sources. Hydrogen energy, with its abundant reserves and environmentally friendly byproducts, is a promising alternative. Efficient and safe HS is crucial for its widespread application. This review analyzes several HS methods and materials, focusing on their principles, performance, advantages, and disadvantages. The storage of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen is mature and low-cost but has low density and safety risks. Low-temperature liquid HS offers higher density but involves significant energy consumption and costs. Solid-state hydrogen storage (SHS), including carbon materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and metal hydride material, shows potential for high density and purity but faces challenges in material costs and performance. The paper highlights advancements in activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, MOFs, and Mg-based and Ti-based metal hydrides. It discusses the progress and challenges in improving HS capacities, stability, and costeffectiveness. Future research will focus on increasing HS density, reducing costs, and enhancing safety through interdisciplinary collaboration. This review provides insights into the current state and future directions of HS technologies, essential for advancing the hydrogen economy and achieving sustainable energy solutions.
Advancements and Future Directions in New Energy Vehicle Technologies and Sustainability
Authors: He Yuan
Published: October 2024

The concerns about reducing carbon emissions and dealing with climate change have led to a surge in interest and development of new energy Vehicles (NEVs). These vehicles, which include electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), are crucial in the transition towards sustainable transportation. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of the current situation and advancements in NEV technologies, highlighting significant improvements in battery technology, power electronics, and charging infrastructure. It also examines various Energy Management System (EMS) optimization strategies, including rule-based, optimization-based, and learning-based approaches, and their impact on vehicle performance and economic viability. The paper discusses the environmental and economic benefits of advanced EMS technologies, such as reducing emissions and operational costs and enhancing the longevity of key components. Additionally, the paper explores future directions for NEV development, emphasizing the importance of government policies, technological innovations, and research priorities to overcome existing challenges and promote widespread adoption. This paper aims to analyze the sustainable growth and integration of NEVs in the automotive industry.
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles for Sustainable Development in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Tong Xiqing
Published: October 2024

The global automotive industry is facing significant challenges related to energy scarcity and ecological pollution. In response, many countries have prioritized the process of new energy vehicles (NEVs), with hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) as a particularly promising alternative. This paper explores the importance of HFCVs, detailing their key components, working principles, operational flow, and energy management strategies. HFCVs utilize hydrogen to generate electricity, producing only water vapor as a byproduct, thereby offering zero emissions. The integration of hydrogen fuel cells and lithium batteries provides high energy efficiency and flexibility, positioning HFCVs as a viable alternative to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. Despite facing challenges such as high costs and the need for extensive infrastructure, significant advancements have been made in HFCV technology and deployment. Future research is expected to focus on improving efficiency, reducing costs, and integrating renewable energy sources. In summary, with continued innovation, HFCVs facilitate achieving global sustainable development goals by reducing carbon emissions and promoting energy diversification.
Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils and measures
Authors: Lin Kaijun , Wang Yafei
Published: October 2024

Against the background of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as CO2 from human activities, reducing carbon and growing sinks has become a hot issue of global concern. Soil, with its strong CO2 absorption capacity, has gradually attracted widespread attention. Agricultural ecosystems are the most active carbon reservoirs in the carbon cycle process. In recent years, some progress has been made in achieving carbon emission reduction through carbon sequestration in agricultural soils, but the ways of carbon sequestration in agricultural soils have not been systematically sorted out. This paper reviews carbon sequestration characteristics in agricultural soils by straw return, organic fertilizer and biochar. Straw return to the field affects soil carbon sequestration capacity by increasing soil active carbon and nitrogen content and stimulating microbial activity. Organic fertilizer significantly increases soil organic carbon (SOC) content. Biochar affects soil carbon sequestration capacity by improving soil aeration, increasing cation exchange, and inhibiting methanogenic bacterial activity to reduce CH4 emissions from paddy fields. Optimizing fertilizer management measures, rationally using resources such as straw return, organic fertilizer and biochar, and combining conservation tillage and precision farming techniques are effective ways to improve the carbon sequestration capacity of farmland soils and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Semiconductor Switch: Key Components and Future Developments in Power Electronics
Authors: Ji Mengdie , Zhu Guli
Published: October 2024

The rapid development of modern industry has led to the expansion of the demand for high-end devices in a wider range of fields. Semiconductor switches have also become a popular research area as key components in electronic engineering. It also plays an important role in controlling current and regulating power transmission. The performance requirements for semiconductor switches have gradually increased to meet higher current controlling and power transmission requirements. This paper provides a comprehensive introduction to the basic operating principles and structural components of semiconductor switches, compares the characteristics and applicable scenarios of common types of switches, including metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), and the emerging types of semiconductors switching devices in recent years. The paper also concerns the key parameters affecting their performance and their applications in power electronics. Finally, recent research progress in the field and future research trends are reviewed as well.
Comparative study on PID for DC motor speed regulation
Authors: Han Xiangda
Published: October 2024

Because of its straightforward design and excellent adjustment efficiency, PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controllers are frequently employed in motor speed control. This study reviews the use of PID control technology in DC motor speed regulation, analyses DC motor speed regulation, and compares various proportional integral derivative (PID) speed regulation techniques. In this paper, the key role of PID parameter optimization in improving the response speed and accuracy of the system is analyzed and pointed out. The optimal technique for delivering a dynamic response to load disturbances and manageable overshoots is the modified Ziegler-Nichols modulation approach. The CHR regulation method is poor in dynamic response, while the Tyreus-Luyben regulation method is better in dynamic response to load interference, but the overshoot is small. Finally, the damped oscillation regulation method shows a higher stability time in the absence of overshoot. Proper proportional, integral and differential values of the tuned PID controller are essential for process control.
Overview of islanding detection based on power generation system
Authors: Li Haoran
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of electric power generation technology and the increasing complexity of electric power system, the problem of grid security has received widespread attention. The integration of a large number of distributed power sources such as power plants and substations into the grid has led to a significant increase in the load capacity requirements on the grid. Among them, detection of island effect becomes an indispensable and important detection means in every distributed gridconnected power generation system. This paper analyzes the working principle of the distributed grid-connected system and the detection method of island effect. It also summarizes the main detection techniques, including grid side detection, external switching capacitance detection and inverter side detection. When focusing on the inverter side detection technology inverter side detection has divided into active method and passive method. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of various detection techniques are discussed, and their applicability in different application scenarios is analyzed. At the same time, the differences in the detection standards of photovoltaic anti-island protection at home and abroad are compared, the influencing factors of anti-island test are analyzed, and how to solve practical problems through these technologies are discussed.
Advancements and Applications of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Across Diverse Industries
Authors: Zhao Lehan
Published: October 2024

In response to global environmental concerns and the pressing need for sustainable energy solutions, intelligent manufacturing technologies have emerged as a critical component in modernizing industrial practices. These technologies integrate advanced information and communication systems with manufacturing processes, driving significant improvements in efficiency and productivity. This paper explores the application and development trends of intelligent manufacturing technology across various industries, focusing on industrial Internet technology, big data analysis, and mechatronics. It examines the implementation of these technologies in the automotive, industrial robot manufacturing, electronic information manufacturing, education, shipbuilding, and aviation industries. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in production efficiency, product quality, and resource utilization, meeting diverse and personalized market needs. Future trends indicate deeper integration of intelligent manufacturing with industrial Internet, big data, and cloud computing, facilitating the digitalization of the manufacturing industry and expediting the advancement of mechatronics.
A review of sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motors with adaptive observer
Authors: Ding Weiwen
Published: October 2024

With the widespread use of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) in industrial applications, sensorless PMSM has a major advantage over conventional PMSM. This work examines sensorless PMSM with adaptive observers, encompassing important methods such as the sliding mode observer (SMO), adaptive nonlinear extended state observer (ANLESO), Luenberger observer, and extended Kalman filter (EKF). These methods are investigated with the aim of achieving accurate observation and estimation of parameters such as rotor position in PMSM systems, and their effectiveness in solving the problems of insufficient torque and the high energy consumption is analyzed. The operational challenges of PMSM are briefly reviewed at the outset of this paper, and then the control strategies of the four previously stated methodologies are thoroughly described, with an emphasis on the benefits of these approaches in sensorless PMSM. The article concludes by summarising the research progress and future directions of these techniques, pointing out their potential to improve PMSM performance and stability.
The application of nanotechnology in water pollution treatment
Authors: Gao Cheng , Su Ning
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, the situation of water pollution in the world is becoming more and more serious, which has aroused widespread concern. The traditional water pollution treatment technology mainly includes membrane separation method, catalyst treatment and adsorbents treatment, and the nano water pollution treatment technology has greater advantages than the traditional technology. Such as nano-photocatalyst, nanofilter membrane, nano adsorbents. For example, MOF materials, inorganic membranes, polymer membranes, and nano-adsorbents composed of iron metal oxides and transition metal oxides.In recent years, with the continuous development of nanotechnology, the nanomaterial technology mentioned in the above article has shown excellent performance in treating pollutants or impurities that may exist in water.These three methods are the direction of deep research. This paper mainly expounds their respective advantages and general performance, and selects examples of related technologies to discuss. On this basis, by analyzing the relevant principles and data of the research examples cited in the article, we can provide certain ideas and pioneering ideas for future research.
Research on Derivatives of Graphene and Their Applications in Catalysis
Authors: Sun Yixin
Published: October 2024

Graphene is a nanomaterial with excellent properties which can be widely used in the field of catalysis. Through functionalization, graphene derivatives can exhibit diverse structures. In this paper, various graphene derivatives have been introduced including halogen-doped graphene, amine of graphene and carboxyl of graphene. In halogen-doped graphene, a successful result on the advancing of the battery are obtained. Amine of graphene has the good sensing applications, and it displays promising use in catalysis process. Carboxyl group of graphene increases its stability at wet condition. The catalytic performance of graphene is closely related to its structure. Therefore, the different catalytic feature of atomic graphene are also discussed in this work. The Pt is used in ORR and the graphene is used to increase its contact area for higher efficiency. Nitrogen-doped graphene strengthens the reactivity of carbon, and the ORR process of it occurs in acidic condition. Phosphorus-doped graphene has dependable electrical catalysis activation, and good ORR stability. Cobalt-doped graphene exhibits good stability and high efficiency in basic ORR condition process. In summary, derivatives of graphene have important application value in catalysis. This work will contribute to the further research of graphene in catalysis.
Matel Organic Frameworks in Drug Delivery: Synthesis and Drug Loading Strategies
Authors: Wang Weifu
Published: October 2024

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), are widely used in the field of biomedicine. This material display the capacity to change the structures. It can achieve the appropriate size of the apertures by changing the preparation conditions. MOFs have numerous benefits due to their inherent qualities. It can serve as a medication carrier and has several advantages. Among them, an important advantage of MOFs as drug delivery systems is their ability to load large amounts of drugs. Moreover, it is biocompatible to use MOFs as drug delivery carriers. Besides, it is also biodegradable so that the use of MOFs is environmental-friendly. Therefore, studying the application of MOFs in drug delivery systems is of great value. The synthesis method has a significant impact on the structure of MOFs. In this work, the synthesis of MOFs for drug delivery applications is the main topic of this article. The synthesis procedures are discussed in detail. In addition, the drug loading strategy of MOFs is also worth studying. This work also summarizes the drug delivery strategies of MOFs. The research of this work will contribute to the further development of MOFs as drug delivery systems.
Mechanisms of opioids and evaluation on existing therapies for addiction
Authors: Kong Yitian
Published: October 2024

This research explores the intricate mechanisms of opioid action and evaluates a diverse of different therapeutic approaches for in the treatment of the opioid addiction. The results show that opioids produce their effects by binding to specific receptors in the central nervous system, mainly targeting μ-opioid receptors (MORs), where this interaction leads to analgesia, euphoria, and a significant risk of addiction. In addition, this research critically examines the efficacy of different addiction therapies, such as the use of methadone, is analysed for its ability to stabilize patients and reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings. The effectiveness of behavioural therapies, such as Contingency Management (CM), is also evaluated, emphasizing their roles in reinforcing positive behaviours and addressing the psychological aspects of addiction. The research concludes with a discussion on the integration of these therapies to create comprehensive, patient-cantered treatment plans, aiming to improve long-term recovery outcomes and reduce the societal impact of opioid addiction.
Prevention of Isotretinoin-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Xinyue Xu Catherine
Published: October 2024

Isotretinoin, also known as 13-cis-retinoic acid, is one of the most recognized treatments for the skin disease acne vulgaris, which is largely attributed to its high rates of success and overall effectiveness. Isotretinoin treats acne by targeting the skin’s sebum production and limiting it through interactions with retinoic acid and retinoid x receptors. However, the usage of isotretinoin has also become increasingly controversial due to its many side effects, ranging from cheilitis and skin dryness to more serious issues, including hepatotoxicity and birth defects. Thus, it has become vital for researchers to identify these effects and find appropriate methods to reduce the risks. A highly concerning side effect of isotretinoin is its effect of increased oxidative stress and the subsequent emergence of hepatotoxicity, which may be due to isotretinoin’s effects of reducing antioxidant reserves within the body, for example, vitamin E. Possible solutions, including taurine, selenium, and RSV-isotretinoin-SNEEDS, exert antioxidant effects and minimize and prevent isotretinoin-reduced hepatoxicity. Further research to study the effects of isotretinoin and possible solutions to combat its adverse effects can be done to allow for the most effective administration of isotretinoin with minimal consequences.
Analysis of the mechanisms of aspirin in cancer treatment
Authors: Zhao Xijia
Published: October 2024

With the continuous development of society and the significant improvement of living standards, cancer has become one of the diseases posing a great threat to human health. Its high incidence rate and relatively low cure rate have made people place great hopes on cancer research and treatment. In the field of chemotherapy for cancer, the development and research of new drugs have always been the focus of scientists. Among them, aspirin, as a traditional drug, has gradually attracted people’s attention for its potential anti-cancer effects. However, despite the broad application prospects of aspirin in cancer treatment, its detailed operational mechanism has not been well comprehended. This research aims to systematically explore the mechanism of action of aspirin in cancer treatment through in-depth reading and sorting of relevant literature. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing research, this research hope to provide reference and new insights for the further application of aspirin in cancer treatment, paving the way for new avenues of exploration. In addition, this is also beneficial for studying the mechanism analysis of other drugs-based cancer treatments.
Mechanistic view into the therapeutic effect, anticancer potential and the adverse effect of aspirin
Authors: Ouyang Juan
Published: October 2024

In this research, the working mechanism behind the therapeutic effect of aspirin will be discussed in detail. Aspirin will also be assessed as a promising drug to treat cancerous cells in the future. Despite being demonstrated that aspirin has excellent efficacy in CVD treatment, the application of aspirin still faces numerous challenges, including aspirin resistance and the bleeding effect induced by the administration of aspirin. The chemistry behind the resistance against aspirin will be discussed and analysed. To cope with aspirin resistance, some diagnosing methods for aspirin resistance are introduced and some other alternative treatment schemes will also be discussed and compared with the traditional aspirin treatment. Bleeding risk is another severe adverse effect that might occur when long-term low-dose aspirin is applied. Through a large number of current studies, the bleeding risks that the administration of aspirin imposing on the upper gastrointestinal tract and the lower gastrointestinal tract are analysed. The relevance among the dose of aspirin, the frequency of the aspirin dose, the duration of the dosing period of aspirin administration and the bleeding risk induced by aspirin is deduced by analysing the experimental observations extracted from several clinical trials focusing on these factors.
In vitro capsule or biofilm formation of Streptococcus
uberis and bacteriological cure of bovine mastitis
Authors: Zhang Yanchao , Wente Nicole , Leimbach Stefanie , Klocke Doris , Tellen Anne , Nitz Julia , Nankemann Franziska , Louton Helen , Krömker Volker
Published: October 2024

Objective The relationship between the in vitro detected virulence
factors biofilm and capsule formation of Streptococcus (S.) uberis
isolates of clinical mastitis in dairy cows and the bacteriological cure rate
after antibiotic therapy was investigated in order to better understand the
importance of these virulence factors for the bacteriological cure rate.

Material and methods A total of 111 clinical mastitis (CM) cases were
collected, in which S. uberis was bacteriologically detected. All
mastitis cases were treated in accordance with the approval conditions of the
antibiotic udder tubes used. Individual cow information including age, number of
lactations, current lactation mastitis and antimicrobial treatment received was
recorded. The microtiter plate test was used to detect biofilm formation and
Anthony capsule staining was used to detect capsular capacity. Statistical
analyses were performed to characterize the correlation between in vitro
virulence factors and bacteriological cure (BC) rate.

Results 30.5% (n=29) of the S. uberis isolates of bacteriologically
cured cases and 34.5% (n=10) of the isolates of bacteriologically non-cured
mastitis cases were found to have the ability to produce capsules in
vitro. 70.7% (n=58) of the S. uberis isolates from
bacteriologically cured mastitis cases had the ability to produce biofilm in
vitro, whereas 58.6% (n=17) of the isolates of non-cured mastitis cases
showed ability in producing biofilm. No correlation was found between the in
vitro ability of S. uberis to form capsules and biofilms and the
BC rate after antibiotic treatment of bovine mastitis.

Conclusion(s) The present work has shown that the investigated in
vitro virulence factors are not associated with the BC after antibiotic
therapy. Further studies on the role of S. uberis virulence factors are
needed to complete the missing knowledge on the difficulties in curing S.
uberis mastitis.

Clinical relevance This study is of great clinical relevance since it
enhances the understanding of the occurrence of BC in S. uberis mastitis
cases. The investigated virulence factors are often addressed as possible
reasons for therapy failure, although respective scientific studies are
missing.
Canine neutrophile Dermatose (Sweet-like Syndrom): Eine Beschreibung
von 3 Fällen
Authors: Schönbach Sarah , Thom Nina , Mathes Andrea , von Broock Johanna
Published: October 2024

Es wurden 3 Hunde mit plötzlich auftretenden erythematösen Hautveränderungen,
Fieber und weiteren unterschiedlichen extrakutanen Symptomen vorgestellt, welche
mittels klinischer, labordiagnostischer und histopathologischer Untersuchungen
der caninen sterilen neutrophilen Dermatose zugeordnet werden konnten. Die
Erkrankung ist sehr selten und mit dem Sweet-Syndrom (SS) des Menschen zu
vergleichen. Entsprechend den 4 Formen des SS konnte in dieser Kasuistik der 1.
und 3. Fall dem klassischen/idiopathischen SS zugeordnet werden, wobei die
respiratorischen Symptome, als Prodromalstadium des SS, den Hautläsionen
vorausgingen oder eine Infektion des Respirationstraktes als Trigger des SS
anzusprechen ist. Der 2. Fall hingegen weist einen deutlichen und der 3. Fall
einen möglichen Zusammenhang mit Pathergie als Folge einer vorausgegangen
chirurgischen Versorgung (Fall 2 eine Tibia Plateau Leveling Osteotomy [TPLO] 20
Tage zuvor; Fall 3 eine Hemilaminektomie 90 Tage zuvor) auf, wodurch beide der
4. Form des SS zugeordnet werden können. Bei allen 3 Fällen ist eine adverse
Arzneimittelreaktion als Trigger nicht sicher auszuschließen, da jeweils vor
Diagnosestellung Medikamente eingesetzt wurden. Neben den häufigsten
extrakutanen Symptomen wie Fieber und Neutrophilie, trat bei 2 der Patienten
eine immunhämolytische Anämie auf. Als Therapieoptionen wird zusätzlich zu den
etablierten immunsupprimierenden Medikamenten wie Prednisolon, Ciclosporin und
Azathioprin auch Oclacitinib in das Behandlungsschema mit aufgenommen, ebenso
wie ein Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer (Clopidogrel), welcher als Lehre aus dem
1. der vorliegenden Fälle zu deuten ist, der an einer pulmonalen Thromboembolie
verstarb. Bei Fall 2 konnten alle Medikamente über 2,5 Jahre ausgeschlichen
werden, seit 4 Jahren ist der Patient ohne Rezidiv. Fall 3 ist unter Therapie
rezidivfrei.
Our Experience with the Low-Profile Braided Occluder: A Case Series of Splenic Artery Embolization in Three Trauma Patients
Authors: Stevens Christopher , Mehta Chintan , Scott Dylan , Ahuja Chaitanya , Allahyari Massoud
Published: October 2024

The spleen is the most injured intra-abdominal organ, with splenic injuries constituting 42 to 49% of all abdominal injuries. Due to this vulnerability and the fact that splenic ruptures can potentially result in life-threatening hemorrhage, finding quick and efficient ways to control splenic bleeding in a trauma setting can improve patient outcomes. Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration cleared the low-profile braided occluder (LOBO; Okami Medical, Aliso Viejo, California, United States), a vascular occlusion system designed to rapidly occlude vessels by using a high-density, uniform small pore structure. We present a small case series describing the use of the LOBO device for proximal splenic embolization in three trauma patients. Our report suggests that the LOBO device is safe and efficient for proximal splenic artery embolization as all three of our patients had a successful outcome with no complications; furthermore, we believe using the LOBO device may enhance patient and provider safety by decreasing fluoroscopic time and radiation dose, though further studies are needed to support this.
Investigation of static mechanical characteristics and numerical simulation of fractal gangue cemented backfill materials
Authors: Su Xiaoxiao , Yu Liyuan , Peng Yuxuan , Wu Jiangyu , Zhang Tao , Cao Anye
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the static mechanical responses of gangue cemented backfill materials (GCBM) with aggregate particle size distribution (APSD) satisfied fractal grading theory. The recycling of gangue in GCBM alleviates gangue accumulation pollution and improves mining production efficiency. Macroscopically, uniaxial compression experiments regarding various loading strain rates (ε̇) on gangue cemented backfill specimens (GCBS) were conducted. Acoustic emission monitoring and digital image correlation technique were employed to reveal crack activities and strain field evolution in real time. Microscopically, scanning electron microscopy and numerical specimens considering APSD were utilized to analyze the microstructure and damage process. The deterioration mechanisms and quantified number of cracks were explored at the micro level. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The axial stress (σ) of GCBM increased with fractal dimension (D) of APSD and ε̇. For the same σ, cumulative AE counts decreased with increasing ε̇ and D. (2) The main failure mode of the GCBS under static loading was tensile failure, exhibiting tensile cracks initiating at the bonding–aggregate interface. (3) The increase in the proportion of fine aggregate contributed to the optimization of the microstructures of the GCBS (4) An increased proportion of fine aggregate in the GCBS improved the synergistic load-bearing capacity between the cementing and aggregate mediums, leading to an enhancement in the σ.
Generalized field inversion strategies for data-driven turbulence closure modeling
Authors: Mandler Hannes , Weigand Bernhard
Published: October 2024

Most data-driven turbulence closures are based on the general structure of nonlinear eddy viscosity models. Although this structure can be embedded into the machine learning algorithm and the Reynolds stress tensor itself can be fit as a function of scalar- and tensor-valued inputs, there exists an alternative two-step approach. First, the spatial distributions of the optimal closure coefficients are computed by solving an inverse problem. Subsequently, these are expressed as functions of solely scalar-valued invariants of the flow field by virtue of an arbitrary regression algorithm. In this paper, we present two general inversion strategies that overcome the limitation of being applicable only when all closure tensors are linearly independent. We propose to either cast the inversion into a constrained and regularized optimization problem or project the anisotropy tensor onto a set of previously orthogonalized closure tensors. Using the two-step approach together with either of these strategies then enables us to quantify the model-form error associated with the closure structure independent of a particular regression algorithm. Eventually, this allows for the selection of the a priori optimal set of closure tensors for a given, arbitrary complex test case.
The viability of Parkinson's monitoring by microneedle patches: A theory-guided critical analysis
Authors: Fratus Marco , Alam Muhammad A.
Published: October 2024

Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) are challenging because levodopa (LD)-dependent therapies primarily rely on symptom observation and management. More sophisticated methods for LD tracking, namely, high-performance liquid chromatography, UV, and mass spectrometry, etc., are expensive and slow. As a potential alternative, wearable microneedle (MN)-based patches, coated with nanodendrites (NDs), offer promising, continuous, and minimally invasive LD monitoring. Laboratory-based platforms show high sensitivity and sub-micrometer detection, but a predictive design framework does not exist. Here, we report an analytical framework I=f(LD) for ND-on-MNs, quantifying the amperometric response I of an ND-on-MN platform in terms of geometric, catalytic sensor parameters, and environmental conditions. We find the counter-intuitive results that the environmental factors (e.g., low medium diffusivity and LD fluctuation), rather than the details of sensor geometry, dictate the sensitivity limits. A scaled response against platform parameters provides key insights: (a) A maximum enhancement factor for this platform is around 12%, emphasizing the importance of optimizing sensor parameters; (b) Design strategies focusing on high-density sensing sites and efficient LD-ND binding offer the most effective solutions for improved detection; and (c) Increasing geometric dimensions is not recommended due to potential patient discomfort. The model, validated against experimental data, highlights the limitations of ND-on-MN technology for LD tracking and suggests directions for optimizing MN-based devices for PD management, including enhancing selectivity.
A hovering bubble with a spontaneous horizontal oscillation
Authors: Hu Man , Li Yuqi , Chen Li , Wu Wenna , Huo Peng , Gu Xi , Wang Feng , Deng Daosheng
Published: October 2024

Active matters, characterized by multi-mode motions, have been emerging for both engineering and biological applications. Generally, active objects rely on the symmetry-broken structures, compositions, or interfacial activities through a physical or chemical approach. Here, we report an active bubble spontaneously hovering with a horizontal oscillation at the solid/liquid interface by impacting a stationary laser beam into a liquid through a transparent solid cover. This spontaneous oscillation mode of the bubble synchronizes with that of the interfacial temperature and hydrodynamical flow. A physical mechanism is proposed, and the scaling analysis of the oscillation frequency agrees well with experiments in various liquids under different laser powers. Additionally, the bubble trajectory rotates azimuthally, arising from the symmetry breaking of the vortex pair accompanying the oscillation. Moreover, the double pendulum of oscillation bubbles has been demonstrated, achieving a preferable oscillation direction in a controllable way. These findings would not only advance our understanding of active matters but also shed light on the bubble-mediated technological applications, such as microrobots and drug deliveries.