bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Categorisation of Salivary Lesions According to the Novel Milan’s System of Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: A Retro-prospective Study
Authors: Afsar Nabila , Chinnathambi P Sakthidasan , Krishnakanth GVRN
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is an important diagnostic tool for salivary lesions, which has decreased the number of unnecessary invasive surgeries for benign conditions. But, cytopathology of salivary lesions is complex presenting with similarity in cytological features albeit with histological heterogeneity. The novel Milan’s System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) is a six tiered classification, providing standard reporting terminology for salivary gland lesions in fine needle aspirates. Aim: To categorise the salivary lesions cytologically based on MSRSGC and to assess its utility in simplification of routine diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Materials and Methods: A retroprospective study was conducted in a tertiary care centre over a period of five years from 2017 to 2021. All patients suspected to have salivary gland lesions were subjected to FNAC in the Department of Cytology. The cases were reported according to the MSRSGC criteria and assigned one of the categories. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft excel software, for calculation of descriptive statistical parameters such as measures of central tendency viz., mean, median, mode, percentage, range and ratio. Results: A sample size of 82 patients with salivary gland lesions was studied. Parotid gland was most commonly involved, among others. Most of the lesions were classified as category 4a (Neoplasm benign) (39%) and category 2 (Non neoplastic) (36.6%). Non Diagnostic (ND) constituted only 2.43% while malignancies constituted 4.9%. Ambiguous categories like Salivary gland neoplasm of Uncertain Malignant Potential (SUMP) and suspicious of malignancy constituted 13.4% and 3.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The introduction of MSRSGC has to a large extent standardised the reporting patterns, thereby assisting the clinicians to render improved patient care. The present study in comparison with other studies conducted worldwide, recommends the usage of MSRSGC for routine reporting.
A Study on Procalcitonin Levels in Patients having Sepsis with a Special Emphasis on Sepsis Due to Tropical Infections: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khara Radhika , Majmundar Aarjuv , Lakhani Sucheta , Lakhani Jitendra D.
Published: June 2022

Background/Aims: To study the levels of Procalcitonin in patients presenting with sepsis, especially those with tropical sepsis at a rural population catering teaching hospital.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Microbiology and General Medicine Department of SBKS Medical Institute & Research Centre affiliated to Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University. After obtaining necessary approval from the ethics committee this study was conducted between September 2012 and December 2015.

Methodology: With the hypothesis that different microbiological agents, especially tropical infections, will evoke diverse host responses in sepsis, this study was undertaken. It was aimed at determining the levels of Procalcitonin in patients presenting with sepsis along with those having tropical sepsis. Patients with age >18 years and diagnosed clinically as sepsis by 1992/2001 definition were included in the study. PCT levels were determined in a total of 155 patients on admission. It was carried out by a semi-quantitative test till March 2015 and then later using a QDx Instacheck quantitative test kit and QDx Instacheck Reader. Ninety eight with tropical sepsis, 46 with non-tropical and 11 with sepsis due to unidentified etiologies were tested making a total of 155 patients.

Results: Of the total 155 patients tested, 43 had values of ≤0.5ng/ml, 32 had values of >0.5 to <2 ng/ml, 55 had ≥2 to <10ng/ml and 25 had values of ≥10 ng/ml. Thus a larger number of patients showed the values ranging between 2ng/ml and 10ng/ml.

Conclusions: Overall PCT was found raised in mainly bacterial, fungal and malarial infections especially with the values of ≥2 to <10 ng/ml whereas those with dengue had values of ≤0.5ng/ml. Thus PCT values were not much useful in differentiating infections due to bacteria, fungi or malaria but those with dengue had values ≤0.5ng/ml. Values of >10ng/ml were mainly associated with severity and mortality.
Evolving Technology in Arts, Fashion and Textile Design
Authors: Ajayi Oluwafunmilola Lois , Ayodele Oyebode Olalekan , Falode Christopher Gabriel
Published: June 2022

Art an expressive medium uniquely human, involving conscious use of skill and creative imagination. Technology is reinventing how art and designs are made which is more efficient, faster and more accurate. The embracing of technologies by the textile world has accelerated the consumption of textile products in the 21st century compared to the previous centuries. It has made it simpler for different brands in the fashion industry to display their styles and vogues to a larger audience while the emergence of designing applications has made designs unique. Using the art of the 1990s as an example, there are obvious differences and improvements in the means of expression and content compared to the art of the 21st century. The increase in the use of computers and the internet made it simpler for people's interactions and sharing of ideas which contributed to growth in the industry. This paper identified how information technology has enhanced the growth of arts and textile industry.
Soil Compaction Effects on Soil Physical Properties and Soybean (Glycine max.) Yield in Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ewetola E. A. , Onofua O. E. , Babatunde E. I.
Published: June 2022

Compaction is one of the major threats to soil sustainability as it can have negative effects on soil physical properties. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching and Research Farm, Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria, in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the influence of soil compaction on selected soil physical properties, growth, yield and nutrient uptake of soybean (Glycine max.). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. There were four treatments which consisted of 0 (no pass of tractor wheel), 4, 8, and 14 passes of tractor wheel totaling 16 treatments. Soil physical properties determined were; bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. While data recorded on soybean were plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, biomass and grain yield. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance and significant means were compared using Least Significant Difference at 5% level of probability. Although not significant, soil physical quality decreased with increased levels of soil compaction in both years of study. Growth of soybean was significantly reduced by soil compaction with 14 passes producing the shortest plant (91.46, 29.10 cm) compared to the control (103.96, 30.27 cm), respectively, for 2015 and 2016. Grain yield of soybean significantly decreased by 12, 27, and 44% respectively, for 4, 8 and 18 passes of tractor wheel. The study indicates that soil compaction as a result of tractor wheel passes should be minimized on agricultural fields to reduce the adverse effects on soil physical properties, soybean growth and yield.
Environmental Risk Assessment of the Pesticide Simplex with the Active Substances Aminopyralid and Fluroxypyr
Authors: Sverdrup Line Emilie , Bjørge Christine , Eklo Ole Martin , Grung Merete , Källqvist Torsten , Klingen Ingeborg , Låg Marit , Rivedal Edgar , Ropstad Erik , Øvrebø Steinar
Published: June 2022

Simplex is a new herbicide in Norway containing the active substances aminopyralid and fluroxypyr. Aminopyralid is a new active substance in Norway, but fluroxypyr is registered in several authorized products. The intended use of the plant protection product is in established grassland for forage, established ley and pasture and in grass at the first year of sowing.  

During the spring of 2010, the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) performed a human health risk assessment of the active substance aminopyralid and the product on request from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority. On further request from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority, VKM has performed a risk assessment on the fate and the behaviour in the environment and the environmental risk with regard to the properties of the active substance aminopyralid and the product Simplex, which was finalized at a meeting of VKM’s Scientific Panel on plant protection products (Panel 2) on November 25, 2010. VKM Panel 2’s conclusion is as follows: Aminopyralid is highly mobile in soil and the substance is very likely to reach ground water at concentrations above the threshold of 0.1 µg/L. Experimental data (watersediment studies) suggest that aminopyralid is persistent. However, aminopyralid concentrations in surface water are expected to decrease rapidly due to photolytic degradation. The overall risk for adverse effects on terrestrial and aquatic organisms following the proposed application of Simplex is considered to be minimal.
Assessment of Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil from Different Blocks of Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Bindu A. Hima , Hasan Amreen , Thomas Tarence , David Arun Alfred , Singh Anurag Kumar
Published: June 2022

The present research topic entitled “Assessment of Physico-Chemical parameters of soil from different blocks of Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh" was carried out at the Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry (U.P.). During the year 2021-2022. In the present study Physico-Chemical analysis of soil in three blocks from nine in each hamlet, a single farmer’s land was chosen for sampling, and samples were taken at three depths: 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 30-45 cm, of a total 27 samples collected and analysed using conventional laboratory techniques. Bulk Density ranged 1.29 -1.46 Mg m-3, Particle Density ranged 2.42-2.55 Mg m-3, Percent of Pore Space varied 42.68-48.00%, Water Holding Capacity varied 40.00-46.50%, and Specific Gravity varied 2.27-2.66. The pH ranged 6.42-9.04, EC ranged 0.16-0.35 dS m-1, Organic Carbon varied 0.26-0.53% and Available Nitrogen varied from low to medium 225-321 kg ha-1 Available Phosphorus varied from medium to high range 12.03-23.69 kg ha-1. And Potassium was found to be medium range 135.62-234.65 kg ha⁻1. It suggests that still improvement can be done by improving cropping pattern.
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Level in Children Undergoing Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Ahmad Dina Maher , Elhawary Eslam E. , Fathy Gamal Alden , Nagy Hala Mohamed , Bedraya Ibrahim Mohamed , Elshanshory Mohamed Ramadan
Published: June 2022

Background: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a toxic, non‐proteinogenic amino acids formed by post‐translational modification and is a uremic toxin that inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production. The aim of this work was to assess the serum level of asymmetric dimethylarginine in children underwent bone marrow transplantation.

Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled study has been conducted on 20 children aged 2-18 years underwent bone marrow transplantation (Group I) and 20 healthy control children of matched age and sex (group II).

Results: The serum level of ADMA was significantly higher after bone marrow transplantation (p value <0.05).

Conclusions: Elevated ADMA level after bone marrow transplantation indicates that endothelial dysfunction is a main complication in those patients.
Comparative In-vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Miliusa tomentosa
Authors: Shukla Nikhil Brijendra Kumar , Sharma Neeraj , Jain Shailesh
Published: June 2022

Green medicine, the drugs derived from plants attained a wide spread interest, as believed to be safe and dependable, compared with costly synthetic drugs that have adverse effects. The present study aimed to analyze a comparative in vitro free radical scavenging and antimicrobial potentials of leaf hydroalcoholic extract fractions of Miliusatomentosa (Roxb.) J. Sinclair (M. tomentosa, Annonaceae) commonly known as hoom, kari.It is a large deciduous tree, growing up to 20 m tall and are given to children to cure the weakness in summer. The hydroalcoholicextract of leaves of M. tomentosa was studied for antioxidant activity on different in vitro models namely 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging method. Agar well diffusion method has been used to determine the antimicrobial activities of plant extracts against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Bongori,Propionibacterium acnes), and fungus (Aspergillusflavus). In the investigated models, the extract showed dose-dependent free radical scavenging properties. For the DPPH technique, M. tomentosa leaves extract had an IC50 value of 335.92g/ml, which was close to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=17.68g/ml). The IC50 value for hydrogen peroxide was determined to be 96.42g/ml, which compares favourably to ascorbic acid (IC50=36.61g/ml). The IC50 value for nitric oxide was 105.87g/ml, which was close to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=24.63g/ml). The extracts exhibited both antibacterial and antifungal activities against tested microorganisms using standardampicilin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin and fluconazole (10-30μg/ml). The antimicrobial activity was determined by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition in term of millimeter (mm). The antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves against all microorganisms was concentration dependent but less than standard drug. On the basis of results obtained, it is suggested that both M. tomentosa leaves extracts may be a potential source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial compounds to be used in the treatment of various oxidative disorders, infectious diseases caused by resistant microorganisms.
Thyroid and Extrathyroid Effects of Methimazole in Modeling Hypothyroidism with Different Doses of Antithyroid Drug: Morfofunctional Study
Authors: Kamilov F. Kh. , Kozlov V. N. , Abdullina G. M. , Ponomarev E. E. , Menshikova I. A. , Ganeev T. I.
Published: June 2022

Aims: Methimazole (MMI) is widely used in experimental thyroidology. However, the effect on thyroid function can vary widely depending on the route of administration and doses of the antithyroid drug. In some cases, it is difficult to determine whether the results obtained are a manifestation of thyroid dysfunction or a direct toxic effect of xenobiotic. The aim of the study was to establish the optimal dose of methimazole for the induction of hypothyroidism with minimal toxic effects on tissues.

Study Design: The effect of various doses of methimazole administered intragastrically to rats on thyroid status, histological structure of thyroid, liver and kidney was studied.

Place and Duration of Study:  Bashkir institute of Technology and Management (branch) of Moscow State University of Technology and Management n.a. K. G. Razumovsky, city of Meleuz, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia, 2018-2019.

Methodology: Experiments were conducted on 60 nonlinear white male rats intragastrically administered different doses of methimazole. To assess the thyroid status, the concentration of circulating thyroid hormones in blood plasma and body temperature rhythms were determined. Along with the indicators of thyroid status, morphological changes in the thyroid gland, liver and kidneys were compared in rats that were administered different doses of MMI.

Results: Hormonal profile of rats received MMI in the dose 2,5 mg/100 g of body weight. for 3 weeks revealed decrease in mean free T4  (10,8±2,14 against 16,2±0,57 in control, P<0,001), total T3 (3,12±0,57 against 2,36±0,19, P<0,001 with the increase of TSH (0, 12±0,01 against 1,96±0,18, P<0,001). The hypothyroid state in this group of animals is also confirmed by decrease in the arithmetic mean values of body temperature.

Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that a dose of 2.5 mg/100 g of b. w. for 3 w. leads to the development of symptoms characteristic of endemic thyroid dysfunction, and is accompanied by minimal toxic effects on tissues.
Impact of Serum Vitamin D Levels on the Preterm Rupture of the Membrane in Pregnant Women. A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jahan Erum , Fatima Sabahat , Rashid Saiqa , Aleem Uzma Sabir , Saba Erum , Khan Ayesha Aleem
Published: June 2022

Aim: To assess the association between premature rupture of membrane and maternal blood vitamin D levels.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration: Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College from April 2020 to April 2021.

Methodology: Over the duration of one year, a total of 100 patients with vitamin D levels, as well as obstetrical abnormalities and risk factors, were monitored. In 88 pregnant women, vitamin D deficiency was observed. Pregnant women who have a thyroid disorder, such as thyroiditis or Grave's disease, or who had calcium or parathyroid disease in the past, or who need cardiac medication therapy,& diuretic particularly calcium channel blockers were excluded from the study.

Results: Vitamin D deficiency was found in 88 pregnant women out of 100. It was more prevalent among housewives (86.36 percent) and multiparous women (68.0 percent). Pregnancy complications were present in 33.0 percent of cases such as preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and diabetes, and PROM was less prevalent in the deficient group.

Conclusion: Our data indicate that pregnant females are at a greater risk of Vitamin D deficiency, and associated pregnancy complications. The correlation between maternal vitamin D levels & preterm rupture of the membrane was not statistically significant.
HISTÓRIA E POLÍTICA: luta pela democracia e diversidade. Uma entrevista com James N. Green
Authors: Duarte Daniel Vital Silva , Silva Rafael Sancho Carvalho da
Published: June 2022

James Naylor Green é Professor Carlos Manuel de Céspedes de História da América Latina na Brown University. Foi Professor Visitante na Hebrew University Of Jerusalem (2011), na Columbia University (2012), na Princeton University (2013) e na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (2000). Graduado em Ciência Política pelo Earlham College (1972) e Doutor em história da América Latina na University of California, Los Angeles (1996) com a tese Beyond Carnival: Male Homosexuality in Twentieth-Century Brazil, que posteriormente foi transformada em livro e publicada em 2000, no Brasil, pela editora da UNESP com o título Além do Carnaval: a homossexualidade masculina no Brasil do século XX. James Green também publicou outras obras no Brasil, como os seguintes títulos: Frescos Trópicos: Fontes sobre a homossexualidade masculina no Brasil (1870-1980), Apesar de vocês: a oposição à ditadura brasileira nos Estados Unidos, 1964-85 (2009), Homossexualidade e a ditadura brasileira: Opressão, resistência e a busca da verdade (2014, em parceria com Renan Quinalha), Revolucionário e Gay: A vida extraordinária de Herbert Daniel (2018). Foi militante do movimento homossexual brasileiro, tendo integrado o SOMOS – Grupo de Afirmação Homossexual. Entre 2012 e 2014, colaborou com a Comissão Nacional da Verdade, na qual apurou a perseguição aos LGBT pelo Estado entre 1964 e 1985. A entrevista foi realizada em junho de 2019 e nela tivemos a oportunidade de dialogar com James Green sobre sua trajetória política e acadêmica, bem como, a partir de suas pesquisas, questionar sobre temáticas relacionadas com a democracia, o autoritarismo e a atual conjuntura política brasileira.
“O POVO TEM FOME”: uma reflexão sobre a penúria em Salvador na Primeira República (1889-1920)
Authors: Souza Osnan Silva de
Published: June 2022

A pretensão é, através deste artigo, fazer algumas considerações sobre a fome em Salvador durante a Primeira República, sobre como esse fenômeno impactou o cotidiano das pessoas, de diversas maneiras, e sobre como elas reagiram por meio da organização e mobilização política, da mendicância, dos furtos e de outras ações. São apresentados, também, a situação socioeconômica da cidade no período, seus possíveis motivos, e os debates sobre o assunto. Para tanto, foram necessários o diálogo com autores que são referências na historiografia sobre a temática, assim como a análise de fontes, como relatórios políticos, noticiais, reclamações, poemas etc
Study: Treating pediatric psychiatric disorders reduces later SUDs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2022

The earlier the treatment and the longer it lasts for pediatric psychiatric problems, especially for attention deficit‐hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the less likely substance use disorders (SUDs) will arise later in life, according to a study by researchers who have delved into this issue for years. The study, “The Impact of Pharmacotherapy of Childhood‐Onset Psychiatric Disorders on the Development of Substance Use Disorders,” published in the current issue of the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, should put to rest many of the concerns about treating young people with psychotropic medications.
Observation of Reverse Intersystem‐Crossing From the Upper‐Level Triplet to Lowest Singlet Excitons (T2→S1) in Tetra(t‐butyl)rubrene‐Based OLEDs for Enhanced Light‐Emission
Authors: Wang Ying , Ning Yaru , Wu Fengjiao , Chen Jing , Chen Xiaoli , Xiong Zuhong
Published: June 2022

High external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 25% has recently been reported from tetra(t‐butyl)rubrene (TBRb)‐based organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), but its physical origin is still vague. Herein, using the featured responses of the evolution processes of electron‐hole pairs to an external magnetic field, an unreported high‐level reverse intersystem‐crossing (HL‐RISC) from upper‐level triplet to lowest singlet excitons (T2→S1) is observed when T2 is well confined in the active layer of pure TBRb. This HL‐RISC channel becomes stronger with lowering operational temperatures because it is not an endothermic process. Due to the larger separation distance of TBRb molecules with four tert‐butyl groups, the intersystem‐crossing (ISC) process of polaron pairs is stronger than the singlet fission (SF) process existing in pure TBRb, which is markedly different from the behaviors of excited states in pure rubrene (Rb) with negligible ISC and strong SF. More importantly, HL‐RISC is stronger in TBRb than in Rb‐doped systems, which is consistent with the higher EQE frequently reported from TBRb‐doped OLEDs. Thus, this work deepens the physical understanding of microscopic processes in typical organic multi‐functional semiconductors of TBRb or Rb and paves the way for fabricating further high‐efficiency yellow OLEDs.
Single‐Crystal Capacitive Sensors with Micropatterned Electrodes via Space‐Confined Growth of the Metal–Organic Framework HKUST‐1
Authors: Xia Benzheng , Matavž Aleksander , Tu Min , Rubio‐Giménez Víctor , Tietze Max Lutz , Marreiros João , Ceyssens Frederik , Cresens Charlotte , Wauteraerts Nathalie , Kubarev Alexey , Kraft Michael , Ameloot Rob
Published: June 2022

The polyhedral shape and fragile nature of single crystals of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) hinder their processing using standard microfabrication techniques. As a result, the fabrication of surface patterns and microelectrodes on MOF single crystals is challenging, which limits both the direct electrical interrogation of crystals in research and their integration into optical and electrical devices. Herein, a new strategy to readily fabricate surface‐embossed micropatterns and surface‐embedded gold electrodes on MOF single crystals using a space‐confined, one‐step solvothermal synthesis is demonstrated. This method is based on the confined growth of the MOF crystal around prefabricated metal patterns with different adhesion strengths to the growth surface, producing features as small as 5 µm. As a proof of concept, micropatterns are created on flat single crystals of the MOF HKUST‐1, exhibiting the function as a diffraction grating. Additionally, a single‐crystal HKUST‐1 capacitive gas sensor with surface‐embedded electrodes that serves as a stable platform for the investigation of ethanol diffusion in the MOF pores is fabricated. The space‐confined fabrication strategy is promising for the integration of fragile MOF single crystals in various optical and electrical devices.
A Dual‐Bioinspired Tissue Adhesive Based on Peptide Dendrimer with Fast and Strong Wet Adhesion
Authors: Zhu Haofang , Xu Guoming , He Yiyan , Mao Hongli , Kong Deling , Luo Kui , Tang Wenbo , Liu Rong , Gu Zhongwei
Published: June 2022

Although tissue adhesives have potential advantages over traditional sutures, existing ones suffer from several limitations: slow adhesion kinetic, low mechanical strength, and poor interfacial bonding with wet biological tissues. Herein, a cooperative mussel/slug double‐bioinspired hydrogel adhesive (DBHA) composed of a robust adhesive interface and a stretchable dissipative matrix is developed. The DBHA is formed by a cationic polysaccharide (chitosan), an anionic polysaccharide (carboxymethyl cellulose), and a barbell‐like dendritic lysine grafted with catechol groups (G3KPCA). Compared to various commercial bio‐glues and traditional adhesives, the DBHA has significantly stronger tissue adhesion and enhanced toughness both ex vivo and in vivo. Meanwhile, the DBHA exhibits fast, strong, tough, and durable adhesion to diverse ex vivo tissue surfaces with blood. The adhesion energy between the adhesive and porcine skin can reach 200–900 J m−2. Additionally, in vivo studies prove that DBHA has good hemostasis of rabbit artery trauma and achieves better wound healing of tissue incision than commercial bio‐glues. This study provides a novel strategy for fabricating fast and strong wet adhesives, which can be used in many applications, such as soft robots, tissue adhesives and hemostats.
Highly Selective Adsorption of Perfluorinated Greenhouse Gases by Porous Organic Cages
Authors: Tian Ke , Elbert Sven M. , Hu Xin‐Yue , Kirschbaum Tobias , Zhang Wen‐Shan , Rominger Frank , Schröder Rasmus R. , Mastalerz Michael
Published: June 2022

Anthropogenic greenhouse gases contribute to global warming. Among those gases, perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are thousands to tens of thousands of times more harmful to the environment than comparable amounts of carbon dioxide. To date, materials that selectively adsorb perfluorocarbons in favor of other less harmful gases have not been reported. Here, a series of porous organic cage compounds with alkyl‐, fluoroalkyl‐, and partially fluorinated alkyl groups is presented. Their isomorphic crystalline states allow the study of the structure–property relationship between the degree of fluorination of the alkyl chains and the gas sorption properties for PFCs and their selective uptakes in comparison to other, nonfluorinated gases. By this approach, one compound having superior selectivities of PFCs versus N2 or CO2 under ambient conditions is identified.
Self‐Healable, Self‐Repairable, and Recyclable Electrically Responsive Artificial Muscles
Authors: von Szczepanski Johannes , Danner Patrick M. , Opris Dorina M.
Published: June 2022

Elastomers with high dielectric permittivity that self‐heal after electric breakdown and mechanical damage are important in the emerging field of artificial muscles. Here, a one‐step process toward self‐healable, silicone‐based elastomers with large and tunable permittivity is reported. Anionic ring‐opening polymerization of cyanopropyl‐substituted cyclic siloxanes yields elastomers with polar side chains. The equilibrated product is composed of networks, linear chains, and cyclic compounds. The ratio between the components varies with temperature and allows realizing materials with largely different properties. The silanolate end groups remain active, which is the key to self‐healing. Elastomeric behavior is observed at room temperature, while viscous flow dominates at higher temperatures (typically 80 °C). The elasticity is essential for reversible actuation and the thermoreversible softening allows for self‐healing and recycling. The dielectric permittivity can be increased to a maximum value of 18.1 by varying the polar group content. Single‐layer actuators show 3.8% lateral actuation at 5.2 V µm–1 and self‐repair after a breakdown, while damaged ones can be recycled integrally. Stack actuators reach an actuation strain of 5.4 ± 0.2% at electric fields as low as 3.2 V µm–1 and are therefore promising for applications as artificial muscles in soft robotics.
Multiscale downside risk interdependence between the major agricultural commodities
Authors: Živkov Dejan , Đurašković Jasmina , Gajić‐Glamočlija Marina
Published: June 2022

This paper measures pairwise multiscale extreme risk interdependence between the five major agricultural futures. This topic has economic importance for agricultural market participants because potentially high losses might occur due to the cross‐market extreme risk transmissions. Downside risk is observed via time‐varying Value‐at‐Risk time‐series, while the multiscale analysis is conducted using several wavelet approaches. Results of wavelet coherence show an absence of high interdependence in the short‐term horizons, while at higher wavelet scales, we find stronger connection only in some cases—corn–wheat, corn–soybean, wheat–soybean and somewhat corn–rice. High coherence islands are detected around the global financial crisis, but only in a few cases, which means that commodity financialization could play an important role when it comes to extreme risk. Wavelet correlations and wavelet‐based quantile regression support the wavelet coherence findings in great deal, adding to the robustness of the overall results. Phase difference indicates that bigger markets, such as corn, wheat, and soybean, mostly lead two smaller markets—rice and oats in the midterm and long‐term horizons, but a consistent and long‐lasting pattern is evident only between corn and soybean. An absence of a clear‐cut downside interdependence means that agricultural agents do not need to worry too much about the damaging extreme risk spillover effects from other neighboring agricultural markets. [EconLit Citations: C63, G32, Q14].
Formal β‐C−H Arylation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Cooperative Nickel and Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Liu Kun , Studer Armido
Published: June 2022

α‐C−H‐functionalization of ketones and aldehydes has been intensively explored in organic synthesis. The functionalization of unactivated β‐C−H bonds in such carbonyl compounds is less well investigated and developing a general method for their β‐C−H arylation remains challenging. Herein we report a method that uses cooperative nickel and photoredox catalysis for the formal β‐C−H arylation of aldehydes and ketones with (hetero)aryl bromides. The method features mild conditions, remarkable scope and wide functional group tolerance. Importantly, the introduced synthetic strategy also allows the β‐alkenylation, β‐alkynylation and β‐acylation of aldehydes under similar conditions. Mechanistic studies revealed that this transformation proceeds through a single electron oxidation/Ni‐mediated coupling/reductive elimination cascade.
Enantioselective Hydrocarbamoylation of Alkenes
Authors: Feng Sheng , Dong Yuyang , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: June 2022

The asymmetric hydroaminocarbonylation of olefins represents a straightforward approach for the synthesis of enantioenriched amides, but is hampered by the necessity to employ CO gas, often at elevated pressures. We herein describe, as an alternative, an enantioselective hydrocarbamoylation of alkenes leveraging dual copper hydride and palladium catalysis to enable the use of readily available carbamoyl chlorides as a practical carbamoylating reagent. The protocol is applicable to various types of olefins, including alkenyl arenes, terminal alkenes, and 1,1‐disubstituted alkenes. Substrates containing a diverse range of functional groups as well as heterocyclic substructures undergo functionalization to provide α‐ and β‐chiral amides in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.
The effect of molecular structure on the properties of cationic polyacrylate and its flocculation‐flotation performance of oilfield oily wastewater treatment
Authors: Zhang Wenju , Wang Yongjun , Wang Xiujun , Wang Yifan , Zhang Xiaoyue , Xiong Yan , Duan Ming , Fang Shenwen
Published: June 2022

With the increasing amount of oily wastewater produced in the offshore oilfield, more efficient air flotation agent is needed to be developed. Cationic polyacrylate with amphiphilic structure has been found to be a type of potential efficient air flotation agent. However, the effect of molecular structure on its properties and performance was lack of research. In this paper, copolymers with tertiary amine as side group were synthesized by copolymerization of ethyl acrylate (EA) and tertiary amine monomers, and then a series of cationic polyacrylates were prepared by quaternization of tertiary amine with quaternization reagent. The effects of tertiary amine monomer type (including dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide (DPM) and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEM)), quaternization reagent type (including 3‐Chloro‐1,2‐Propanediol and 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxytrimethylammonium chloride) and quaternization degree on the cationic polyacrylate properties and its flotation performance were investigated. The experimental results showed that the flotation performance increased with the increasing hydrophilicity and cation degree of the hydrophilic unit in the cationic polyacrylate. When the tertiary amine monomer was DPM, quaternization reagent was 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxytrimethylammonium chloride, and theoretical quaternization degree was 100%, the oil removal of product PE‐M‐1.0 was the highest. When PE‐M‐1.0 dosage was 50 mg/L, gas flow was 1 L/min, flotation time was 10 min, its oil removal rate was higher than 95% in the range of 20‑60°C. The results of zeta potential measurement and microfluidic experiment showed that PE‐M‐1.0 can increase the size of oil droplets by destroying the electric double layer on the surface of oil droplets and maintain the stability of bubbles, which was helpful for the improve of gas bubble‐oil droplet collision probability and adhesion efficiency.
A Bis‐heteroleptic Imidazolium‐bipyridine Functionalized Iridium(III) Complex for Fluorescence Lifetime‐based Recognition and Sensing of Phosphates
Authors: Rashid Ambreen , Mondal Sahidul , Mondal Subal , Ghosh Pradyut
Published: June 2022

A new IrIII based 3,3′‐([2,2′‐bipyridine]‐5,5′‐diylbis(methylene))bis(1‐ethyl‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium) functionalized receptor Ir‐1 has been synthesized for selective recognition, sensing and as a lifetime based sensor for H2PO4− and HP2O73− in acetonitrile. An increase in the lifetime (τ) from 0.03543 μs to 0.2736 μs and 0.1323 μs in the presence of H2PO4− and HP2O73−, respectively, among all other competitive anions establishes Ir‐1 as a simple lifetime‐based sensor. Furthermore, 13.7‐ and 8.5‐fold enhancement in PL intensities of Ir‐1 along with blue‐shifting is seen with H2PO4− and HP2O73−, respectively. High selectivity of Ir‐1 for these two ions even in the presence of a large excess of other anions also displayed sensitive detection (LOD=0.035 μM for HP2O73− and 0.040 μM for H2PO4−). NMR data further suggest that the recognition of phosphates by Ir‐1 is occurring through C−H⋅⋅⋅phosphate hydrogen bond (HB) interaction.
Influence of the substrate to inoculum ratio on the methane yield from the batch anaerobic digestion of river tamarind (Leucaena leucocephala) and Guinea grass (Panicum maximum)
Authors: Holder Nikolai , Mota‐Meira Marilaine , Born Jens , Sutrina Sarah L.
Published: June 2022

The substrate to inoculum ratio (SIR) is an often overlooked parameter in the determination of the methane potential of a substrate.In this article we highlight the importance of the SIR, in the determination of the biochemical methane potential of two substrates, Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) and river tamarind (Leucaena leucocephala). Additionally, the results of this method not only give the specific methane potential, but also the optimum substrate to inoculum ratio, which is an important parameter for bioreactor start‐up.The specific methane volumes of the two substrates are, 148 mL/gDM and 250 mL/gDM for the river tamarind and Guinea grass, respectively, with optimum substrate to inoculum ratios of 0.055 and 0.035, respectively. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ambiguity attitudes in qualitative contexts: The role of prior beliefs
Authors: White Joshua P. , Perfors Andrew
Published: June 2022

Most studies of ambiguity aversion rely on experimental paradigms involving monetary bets. Thus, the extent to which ambiguity aversion occurs outside of such contexts is much less understood, particularly when the situation cannot easily be reduced to numerical terms. The present work seeks to understand whether people prefer to avoid ambiguous decisions in a variety of different qualitative domains (e.g., work, family, love, friendship, exercise, study, and health), and, if so, to determine the role played by prior beliefs in those domains. Across three studies, we presented participants with 24 vignettes and measured the degree to which they preferred risk to ambiguity in each. We also asked them for their prior probability estimates about the likely outcomes in the ambiguous events. Ambiguity aversion was observed in the vast majority of vignettes, but at different magnitudes. It was predicted by whether the vignette involved gain or loss as well as by people's prior beliefs; however, the heterogeneity between people meant that the role of prior beliefs was only evident in an individual‐level analysis (i.e., not at the group level). Our results suggest that the desire to avoid ambiguity occurs in a wide variety of qualitative contexts but to different degrees for different people and may be partially driven by unfavorable prior estimates of the likely outcomes of the ambiguous events.
Did Werner Heisenberg Understand How Atomic Bombs Worked?
Authors: Walker Mark
Published: June 2022

Drawing upon primary sources and using a comparison with the American Manhattan Project for context, this article examines the question whether Werner Heisenberg understood how atomic bombs work.
How do environmental regulations influence resource misallocation in China? The role of investment flows
Authors: Li Xinze , Wang Luojia , Du Kerui
Published: June 2022

In recent years, the Chinese government has implemented numerous regulations to address environmental deterioration. Several studies have examined the effect of environmental regulation policies on China's economic performance. However, whether environmental regulations can alleviate China's resource misallocation problem—a critical issue in transitional economies—remains unclear. This study fills this gap in the literature by employing the difference‐in‐differences method to examine how environmental regulations affect resource misallocation. We found that stringent environmental regulations have reduced the extent of resource misallocation in China, with resource reallocation being the driving force behind this improvement. The emission reduction mandate reduces investment inflows and hinders firms' entry into regions with low total factor productivity, while directing the flow of resources to highly productive areas.
Pancreatic cancer: Cutaneous metastases, clinical descriptors and outcomes
Authors: Gu Lilly , Mehta Paras P. , Rao Devika , Rotemberg Veronica , Capanu Marinela , Chou Joanne , Lin Sabrina , Sigel Carlie S. , Busam Klaus J. , Boyce Lindsay , Gordon Allison , O'Reilly Eileen M.
Published: June 2022

Background

Cutaneous metastases in pancreatic cancer (PC) are rare. Herein, we evaluate the clinical, genomic, and other descriptors of patients with PC and cutaneous metastases.

Methods

Institutional databases were queried, and clinical history, demographics, PC cutaneous metastasis details, and overall survival (OS) from cutaneous metastasis diagnosis were abstracted. OS was estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods.

Results

Forty patients were identified, and median age (Q1–Q3, IQR) of PC diagnosis was 66.0 (59.3–72.3, 12.9) years. Most patients had Stage IV disease at diagnosis (n = 26, 65%). The most common location of the primary tumor was the tail of the pancreas (n = 17, 43%). The most common cutaneous metastasis site was the abdomen (n = 31, 78%), with umbilical lesions occurring in 74% (n = 23) of abdominal lesions. The median OS (95% CI) was 11.4 months (7.0, 20.4). Twenty‐three patients had umbilical metastases (58%), and 17 patients had non‐umbilical metastases (43%). The median OS (95% CI) was 13.7 (7.0, 28.7) months in patients with umbilical metastases and 8.9 (4.1, Not reached) months in patients with non‐umbilical metastases (p = 0.1). Sixteen of 40 (40%) patients underwent somatic testing, and findings were consistent with known profiles. Germline testing in 12 (30%) patients identified pathogenic variants in patients: CHEK2, BRCA1, and ATM.

Conclusion

Cutaneous metastases from PC most frequently arise from a pancreas tail primary site and most frequently occur in the umbilicus. Cutaneous metastases may generally be categorized as umbilical or non‐umbilical metastases.
Comply with NCAA guidance on NIL collectives, boosters
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: June 2022

In the aftermath of the Supreme Court's decision in NCAA v. Alston, 141 S. Ct. 2141, 2153‐54 (2021) in June 2021, which allowed unlimited education‐related benefits for student‐athletes, the NCAA opted to effectively defer to states and individual schools on how to regulate the specifics of name, image, and likeness contractual arrangements involving student‐athletes.
Case report of anesthesia for free fibula flap reconstruction in Ewing sarcoma: Safety and efficacy of continuous popliteal sciatic nerve block and very low doses of intravenous heparin
Authors: Di Palma Alessandra , Grassi Federica , Cantatore Lea Pia , Tortora Francesca , Grussu Francesca , Zama Mario , Picardo Sergio Giuseppe
Published: June 2022

A child with a maxillary Ewing sarcoma was operated for tumor asportation and reconstruction with free fibula flap. Adequate anticoagulation was achieved with lower doses of heparin and monitored with multiple ACT values. We used NIRS monitoring to avoid hypoperfusion. Post‐operative pain relief was guarantited by local anestethic continous infusion.
Anal metastasis of sigmoid colon cancer
Authors: Yamada Takayuki
Published: June 2022

A 73‐year‐old man underwent a stage‐Ⅱ sigmoid colon cancer resection. He was carefully monitored, and metastasis or anastomotic recurrence was noted 51 months later. The anal examination revealed a firm pink anal tumor, histologically identified as a metastasis of the colon adenocarcinoma.
Sputnik‐V vaccine‐induced panniculitis as a local reactions
Authors: Sahraei Zahra , Abtahi‐Naeini Bahareh , Saffaei Ali
Published: June 2022

Here, a case of Sputnik‐V vaccine‐induced panniculitis was reported. The patient developed erythema, induration, and local tenderness at the injection site after 13 days of the injection. Ultra‐sonography imaging showed inflammation in subcutaneous layers including fat tissue compatible with panniculitis. She received ibuprofen and warm compress, and all symptoms resolved.
New Insights of Carbon Catabolite Repression and Kinetics Modeling for the Growth of Thermomyces lanuginosus
Authors: Suryawanshi Nisha , Seenivasan Ayothiraman , Jujjawarapu Satya Eswari
Published: June 2022

Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) gives microorganisms a pattern of utilization of nutrients present in the medium. This study comprises the comparison of the utilization pattern of added sugars by thermophilic fungi, i.e., Thermomyces lanuginosus, where the multiple sugars are given in higher concentration and minimum concentration. As a result, fungi utilize multiple sugars simultaneously when sugars were provided in very low concentration. In contrast, the fungi employed various sugars preferentially based on ease of availability when sugars were provided with higher concentrations. Kinetics modeling for growth and substrate consumption was also applied.
Equilibrium properties and crystal growth of D2O + cyclopentane hydrate for sustainable tritium separation
Authors: Maruyama Meku , Ohmura Ryo
Published: June 2022

This study reports thermodynamic properties and crystal growth observations of D2O + cyclopentane hydrate toward the development of a hydrate‐based tritium separation process. We employed D2O as a host of hydrate with respect to the investigation into the formation of D2O hydrate substrate, which is a core component of the tritium separation process. The hydrate phase equilibrium temperature in the liquid D2O + liquid cyclopentane system was 3.2°C higher than the corresponding H2O hydrate. Experiments on crystal growth were conducted at temperatures ranging from 5.1 to 8.5°C under atmospheric pressure. Under each thermodynamic condition, polygonal hydrate crystals appeared, growing along the D2O/cyclopentane interface. The geometric shape and size of the crystals varied depending on the temperature. The variation in crystal morphology was comparable to that of the H2O + cyclopentane hydrate. Implications based on the obtained results for the hydrate‐based isotopic water separation process design are discussed.
A PDE Approach to the Prediction of a Binary Sequence with Advice from Two History‐Dependent Experts
Authors: Drenska Nadejda , Kohn Robert V.
Published: June 2022

The prediction of a binary sequence is a classic example of online machine learning. We like to call it the “stock prediction problem,” viewing the sequence as the price history of a stock that goes up or down one unit at each time step. In this problem, an investor has access to the predictions of two or more “experts,” and strives to minimize her final‐time regret with respect to the best‐performing expert. Probability plays no role; rather, the market is assumed to be adversarial. We consider the case when there are two history‐dependent experts, whose predictions are determined by the d most recent stock moves. Focusing on an appropriate continuum limit and using methods from optimal control, graph theory, and partial differential equations, we discuss strategies for the investor and the adversarial market, and we determine associated upper and lower bounds for the investor's final‐time regret. When d ≤ 4 our upper and lower bounds coalesce, so the proposed strategies are asymptotically optimal. Compared to other recent applications of partial differential equations to prediction, ours has a new element: there are two timescales, since the recent history changes at every step whereas regret accumulates more slowly. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.