bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On a static and dynamic calibration of thermochromic liquid crystals
Authors: Solnař Stanislav , Medek Jan , Suleiman Abubakar Shola , Vyhlídal Patrik
Published: September 2021

The paper deals with a static and dynamic calibration of selected wide-range thermochromic liquid crystals (TLC - SolarDust 24C), which are very easy to ingest and can provide accurate information on the temperature distribution on different surfaces. Static calibration problems, such as TLC illumination angle or illumination intensity, are solved and conclusions are drawn for the application of such a measurement. Dynamic experiments also indicate a certain time delay (around 50 ms) of the applied TLC measurement layer, which is very important to know for dynamic experimental methods, but the error and inaccuracy of the experiment is too high to draw conclusions.
Omnidirectional robot for the diagnosis of the attention deficit
Authors: Bravo Angarita Richard Camilo , Vargas Ochoa Ivan Fernando , Peña Cortes Cesar Augusto
Published: September 2021

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) occurs in 16% of the Colombian student population and estimates that between 30-70% of these children continue to show symptoms in adulthood. Thus, a tool is proposed for the professional to support his diagnosis according to the criteria offered by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DMS). An omnidirectional platform is implemented, striking for its design, for children, adolescents and that becomes a concentration challenge for adults.With an Electroencephalography (EEG) helmet a brain wave reading is made; with the help of a Computer Brain Interface (BCI) you can have the reading of facial gestures, having said reading is implemented to control the omnidirectional platform, with the same BCI you also have the reading of concentration, stress, excitation, etc. of individuals; Thus, the professional in the area can support his diagnosis according to several factors, such as: EEG interpretation, emotional data (concentration, stress, excitement ...), and the observation of the individual. The evaluation of the patient makes the health professional, generating some challenges to overcome the platform and interpreting the different data according to their professional criteria.
Autonomous trajectory following for an UAV based on computer vision
Authors: Gallo Sanabria Jorge Daniel , Mozuca Tamayo Paula Andrea , Rincón Fonseca Rafael Iván
Published: September 2021

The trajectory following performed by unmanned aerial vehicles has several advantages that can be taken to several applications, going from package delivery to agriculture. However, this involves several challenges depending on the way the following is performed, particularly in the case of trajectory following by using computer vision. In here we will show the design, the simulation and the implementation of a simple algorithm for trajectory following by using computer vision, this algorithm will be executed on a drone that will arrive into a wished point.
PID-fuzzy of DC motors using Raspberry PI
Authors: Herrera Aristizábal Sebastián , Hincapié Correa Julio Alejandro , Ríos González Luis Hernando , López Flórez Sebastián
Published: September 2021

This article describes the implementation of a fuzzy and a PID control system for the velocity and torque of a DC power motor, based in the variation of the armor current and its duty cycle. The control system has been applied to a medium power DC motor, using Python, and a low-cost embedded system - Raspberry Pi, this work is fundamental given the importance of implementing velocity and torque controllers that yield energy optimization and correct operation being achieved through the regulation of the duty cycle applied to the power of the DC motor.
Collaborative Pick and Place using industrial robots, simulation and deployment
Authors: Pinzón Quintero Camilo Alberto , Joya Quintero Ángel Andrés , González Roldán Felipe , Cárdenas Herrera Pedro Fabián
Published: September 2021

In recent times, a fraction of industrial robotics has been oriented to a collaborative approach between different devices to achieve a specific task. This paper describes the simulation and deployment of a metallic beam pick a place process using tow industrial robots. At first, the tool design is presented; it used an electromagnet attached to the robot end effector to lift the load correctly. The communication sequence between the robot's controllers using the digital I/O modules is discussed. The software Robot Studio allowed the process simulation, in which the performance was validated. All the tasks were tested in two ABB IRB 140 industrial robots.
Internet of things, reality of a connected world
Authors: Fagua Fagua Andrea Liliana , Najar Pacheco José Custodio
Published: September 2021

In recent years, the Internet has evolved till become the Internet of Things (IoT for its acronym). This is one of the most important and significant inventions of all humanity, generating a direct impact on the way of how people live, think and act. It is one of the most used terms by anyone who talks about intelligent connectivity. Internet of things changes everything, is the answer to connect to the network an incredible number of people and link everyday objects, which are equipped with sensors, actuators and communication technologies and they are used to exchange information from the physical world through the Internet, offering data in real time and monitored through the network. Thanks to IoT, more and more companies are integrating small sensors to real-world objects, which provide information about almost everything that can be measured, so the amount of information circulating through networks grows exponentially. Smart cities are a good example of the benefits that IoT brings, by improving the quality of life of people with the services that are offered in an efficient and sustainable way. The installation of IoT brings great challenges focused on information security in organizations, but also opportunities for development in all areas of daily life and excellent ideas for innovation.
Medición sobre MRI para diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata
Authors: Ramírez-Pérez Natalia Andrea , Aparicio-Pico Lilia Edith , Pérez-Triana Camilo Andrés
Published: September 2021

El aparato reproductor masculino tiene una glándula ubicada debajo de la vejiga y frente al recto: la próstata. Rodea la uretra y tiene la función de producir un componente líquido en el líquido seminal. Con el tiempo, esta glándula tiende a agrandarse y bloquear la uretra, lo que dificulta la micción o la función sexual. Esta alteración se conoce como hiperplasia prostática, que se corrige con cirugía. En ocasiones se confunde con el cáncer de próstata por la similitud de los síntomas, que es frecuente en los hombres.
El diagnóstico de esta enfermedad generalmente se realiza mediante una técnica manual llamada tacto rectal y una prueba de laboratorio que mide los niveles de PSA en la sangre. Es una sustancia que se encuentra en la sangre de una persona que suele tener cáncer de próstata. Además, el diagnóstico se apoya en una ecografía transrectal a través de un catéter. Este proceso integral ayuda a determinar la extensión del cáncer de próstata y a designar el tratamiento correcto. El estado de la lesión de próstata se evalúa mediante la práctica de una resonancia magnética (MRI). Es un procedimiento realizado por ondas de radio y una computadora que crea imágenes detalladas de áreas de la próstata. Analiza la condición de la próstata y determina el procedimiento o tratamiento de acuerdo con el estado de la lesión, por ejemplo, cirugía, radioterapia u observación monitoreada. Para definir qué tipo de tratamiento es fundamental analizar los diferentes estadios de la enfermedad y el Gleason Score, una medida del grado histológico, que va de 2 a 10, que indica la probabilidad de diseminación o extensión del tumor.
Esta investigación se centra en el análisis y la extracción de medidas para clasificar formas de lesiones prostáticas que apoyen su diagnóstico. Considera la categorización PI-RADS, que actualmente determina la probabilidad de padecer cáncer de próstata clínicamente significativo. Para ello, se realizó un análisis utilizando una interpretación geométrica de diferentes categorizaciones de cáncer (4-5). Se realizó un procesamiento digital de imágenes de Python en T2, ADC y DWI aplicando el concepto de curva, momentos Zernike, dimensión fractal, dimensión Caliper, la curvatura absoluta total, la flexión de energía, dirección, convexidad, circularidad, compacidad, momentos Hu, dimensión, excentricidad, extensión, solidez, orientación, longitud del eje más grande, longitud del eje más pequeño, radio, centro, centroide, longitud y área.
Artefakty interpretované jako „lékařské nástroje“ z doby železné nebo římské na území dnešní ČR, SR a naddunajské části Dolního Rakouska
Authors: Burešová Lucie
Published: September 2021

The article presents a catalogue of artefacts identified as “medical instruments” of the Iron Age, or the Roman Age, from what is known today as the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the Lower Austria – North of the Danube. A brief overview of the types and the variety of shapes of the artefacts, interpreted as “medical instruments” in the European environment, was presented and a catalogue of artefacts of the Iron Age or the Roman Age, from the territory under examination was compiled. The individual artefacts were critically reviewed, and it was decided whether they could have been used for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.
On the uniqueness for weak solutions of steady double-phase fluids
Authors: Abdelwahed Mohamed , Berselli Luigi C. , Chorfi Nejmeddine
Published: September 2021

We consider a double-phase non-Newtonian fluid, described by a stress tensor which is the sum of a p-Stokes and a q-Stokes stress tensor, with 1 < p<2 < q<∞. For a wide range of parameters (p, q), we prove the uniqueness of small solutions. We use the p < 2 features to obtain quadratic-type estimates for the stress-tensor, while we use the improved regularity coming from the term with q > 2 to justify calculations for weak solutions. Results are obtained through a careful use of the symmetries of the convective term and are also valid for rather general (even anisotropic) stress-tensors.
The concordance between ultrasonographic stage of breast and Tanner stage of breast for overweight and obese girls: a school population-based study
Authors: Pan Dongxue , Fu Simao , Li Xiaoqing , Yu Tingting , Huang Sizhe , Zhang Bihong , Lai Xin , Liu Yifan , Yu Xiaodan , Lin Cuilan , Liu Shijian
Published: September 2021

Objectives

In this study, we evaluated the concordance between the ultrasonographic stage of breast (US B) and Tanner stage of breast (TS B) for overweight and obese girls based on a school population study.

Methods

We conducted multistage, stratified cluster, and random-proportional sampling and ultimately included 221 girls (aged 6–10 years).

Results

This study revealed that the concordance was poor (accuracy=0.19 (95% confidence interval: 0.14, 0.25)) between US B and TS B among the 221 participants. When our subjects were stratified by weight, we observed a weak association between US B and TS B in the thin/normal weight group (r=0.34, p=0.001) but not in the overweight (r=0.097, p=0.38) or obese groups (r=–0.19, p=0.206), and as the body mass index (BMI) z-score increased, the overestimation ratio of TS B increased. US B manifested a positive correlation with breast bud diameter (BD) (r=0.885, p<0.001), follicle-stimulating hormone (r=0.235, p=0.009), and luteinizing hormone (r=0.192, p=0.037), but this was not the case with TS B.

Conclusions

As the BMI z-score increased, the correlation between the two methods declined, and the overestimation ratio of TS B increased. US B is an objective and quantitative method used to evaluate breast development, and whether BD might replace US B as a routine diagnostic method to evaluate breast development in clinical practice needs to be confirmed in larger-sample studies.
Sustained false-positive results for hepatitis A virus immunoglobulin M: A case report and literature review
Authors: Tan Youwen , Chen Li
Published: September 2021

Hepatitis A virus immunoglobulin M (HAV-IgM) is often used to diagnose acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection serologically. However, false-positive test results can interfere with the diagnosis. A 56-year-old woman was readmitted to the hospital owing to abnormal liver function tests for the last 18 months. She had been diagnosed with acute HAV and was hospitalized in isolation based on a positive HAV-IgM test 18 months ago. Regular follow-up after discharge showed abnormal liver function and an elevated level of antinuclear antibodies and immunoglobulin G. For the last 15 days, the patient had fatigue, decreased appetite, and yellow urine, signaling recrudescence. Liver function tests were also abnormal. Liver biopsy revealed histological changes consistent with typical autoimmune hepatitis. After 2 months of methylprednisolone treatment, liver function returned to normal, and HAV-IgM turned negative. The diagnosis of acute HAV in nonendemic areas requires a comprehensive analysis of epidemic history, clinical characteristics, etiology, etc.
Crystal structure of chlorido-(4-methyl-2-((phenylimino)methyl)phenolato-κ2
N,O)-(pyridine-κ1
N)platinum(II), C19H17ClN2OPt
Authors: Khan Arshad , Usman Rabia , Refat Moamen S. , Alosaimi Abeer M. , Alghamdi Mohammed T. , Rahman Faiz-Ur
Published: September 2021

C10H8BrN3, orthorhombic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 12.114(7) Å, b = 12.254(8) Å, c = 13.186(8) Å, α = 71.659(10)°, β = 84.744(10)°, γ = 89.725(10)°, V = 1850(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0511, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1644, T = 293 K.
Das Bild eines „europäischen Goethe“ in Nietzsches Götzen-Dämmerung. Einige Bemerkungen
Authors: Venturelli Aldo
Published: September 2021

This article analyses the origin of TI 49-51 on the basis of several posthumous fragments from the autumn of 1887, which had been reworked in 1888. This analysis highlights significant connections that got lost along the way to the final version of these aphorisms, such as Nietzsche’s comparison between Goethe and Spinoza which, in 1887, was the beginning of his updated reflections on Goethe. The origin and context of these aphorisms allow for a better understanding of the long-established image of Goethe expressed in the aphorisms of Twilight of the Idols and their close connection to the new reflections on Goethe as they had already come to the fore in Human, All Too Human when Nietzsche distanced himself from Wagner’s ideas. This also presents the opportunity for a more careful consideration of Nietzsche’s conception of European culture and its intellectual heritage and his relation to Napoleon as well as his characterization of the eighteenth-century and the need for self-overcoming during the nineteenth-century. Nietzsche considered this self-overcoming to be an important aspect of his thinking, and Goethe was an important precursor for Nietzsche’s conception of self-overcoming.
Bound Sovereignty: The Origins of Moral Conscience in Nietzsche’s “Sovereign Individual”
Authors: Meredith Thomas R.
Published: September 2021

This paper offers a new interpretation of Nietzsche’s “sovereign individual,” which appears in the second treatise of his 1887 On the Genealogy of Morality. I argue that Nietzsche’s presentation of that figure’s sovereignty is much more ambiguous than has hitherto been recognized. In contrast to scholars who argue that he is either completely free from moral conscience or entirely subservient to it, I argue that he is neither completely autonomous nor heteronomous. He surpasses the need for the enforcement of custom only by internalizing it, i. e. by developing a conscience. This positions him as a crucial link in Nietzsche’s understanding of the human being’s dependence on morality. Attending to the sovereign individual’s ambiguities reveals Nietzsche’s skepticism about the possibility of autonomy within the political community.
Recent Work on Nietzsche’s Moral Psychology and Ethics
Authors: Katsafanas Paul
Published: September 2021

Each of these books presents itself as rescuing Nietzsche from misinterpretation. Thus, Leiter wants to prevent Nietzsche from being “moralized” (i. e., read in a way that makes him sound like a contemporary moral philosopher); Stern wants to prevent Nietzsche from being iron-manned (i. e., read in a way that assumes his arguments must be invulnerable to critique); Alfano wants to correct what he sees as a tendency to misrepresent Nietzsche’s central concerns; and Ridley claims writers have been misled when thinking about Nietzsche on action. Alfano’s book is, to my mind, the most successful at achieving its stated aims; while I point out some potential oversights and some areas that could benefit from further development, Alfano’s book is both novel and important. Leiter’s book is clearly written and presents the arguments in an admirably forthright manner, but some of its conclusions are vitiated by lapses and mischaracterizations. Stern gets Nietzsche’s basic view right, but does not probe it very deeply and is too quick to present Nietzsche as confused; I see the confusions as emanating less from Nietzsche’s texts and more from Stern’s reading of them. Ridley’s book is original and provocative, but I find the central claim - that Nietzsche endorses an expressive account of action - ultimately unconvincing.
Scriptural Exegesis or Speculative Philosophy
Authors: Irizar Pablo
Published: September 2021

Dogmatic debates in early Christianity shaped philosophical discourse just as Greek philosophy offered the conceptual tools to engage and, accordingly to crystalize early Christian practice, into a formal system of belief. Thus, in the recently-published The Rise of Christian Theology and the End of Ancient Metaphysics, Johannes Zachhuber notes that “Patristic thought as a whole can be identified as a Christian philosophy.” Following suit – though not without nuance – this paper suggests treating Patristic scriptural exegesis as an exercise of speculative philosophy, as evidenced in Augustine’s interpretation of the figure of the cross at Eph 3.18, where the cross progressively becomes a simple yet compelling paradigm of divine manifestation. This paradigm can be framed according to Augustine’s mature articulation of the ‘ontological principle’ of manifestation in s. 165: “From the depth which you cannot see rises everything that you can see.” By engaging in scriptural exegesis, within a gestalt where Wisdom, sacred and profane alike, merge in the incarnate God manifest in Christ, Augustine articulates unprecedented philosophical principles.
Hidden champions as a determinant of regional development: An analysis of german districts
Authors: Benz Lena , Block Jörn H. , Johann Matthias S.
Published: September 2021

Hidden Champions (HCs) are defined as market leaders in niche markets. They represent the success of the German Mittelstand like no other group of firms. However, little is known on how HCs contribute to regional development. Given their export strength, regional embeddedness, and strong vertical integration we expect HCs to have a profound effect on regional development. Using a German dataset of 1,645 HCs located in 401 German districts, we analyze the effect of HCs on a variety of regional development dimensions. Our results show that HCs are not equally distributed across regions and influence regional development. Regions with a higher number of HCs show strong regional economic performance in terms of median income. Moreover, HC intensity affects regional unemployment and trainee rates as well as regional innovation in terms of patents. Surprisingly, we did not find an effect of regional HC intensity on regional R&D levels and GDP. We can further conclude that the effect of HCs is not limited to the particular region in which they are located but that sizable spillover effects exist. Besides its contribution to the regional development literature, our study adds to a better understanding of the HC-phenomenon. Implications for regional policy makers are discussed.
Augmented the Structure, Electronic and Optical Characteristics of PEO Doped NiO for Electronics Applications
Authors: Hassan Huda Bukheet , Abduljalil Hayder M. , Hashim Ahmed
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to investigate the structural, optical and electrical properties of PEO doped with NiO. The DFT calculations have been performed using Gaussian 09 package of programs. The calculated electronic properties included the total energy, HOMO and LUMO energies, energy gap, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, electrochemical hardness, electronic softness and electrophilic index. The obtained results showed that the doping PEO with NiO improved the structural, optical, electronic and electrical characteristics where the energy band gap decreases about 67.4% with addition of NiO which make the (PEO-NiO) composites are promising materials for flexible optoelectronics fields in the development of electronics applications.
Determination of Activation Energy of Surface Diffusion Based on Thermal Oscillations of Atoms
Authors: Syrovatko Yu.V. , Shtapenko Ye.P.
Published: September 2021

This paper covers calculations of the activation energy of surface diffusion of ad-atoms on the substrate surface from the point of view of thermal oscillations of substrate atoms and ad-atoms. The main characteristic of oscillations of atoms and geometric mean frequency was calculated based on statistical approximation of the Debye model using the reference values of entropy and heat capacity of metals. The basic principle of the model of activation energy calculation presented in the paper is the formation of potential wells and barriers during oscillations of atoms localized in the sites of the lattice. Oscillations of atoms were considered in the framework of quasiclassical quantum approximation as the oscillations of harmonic oscillators in the potential parabolic wells. Dimensions of the negative part of values of the potential well energy were determined by the amplitude of thermal oscillations of atoms. Positive values constituted a significant part of the potential well energy values. Barriers were formed owing to interaction of positive values of the energy of parabolic wells of adjacent atoms. Therefore, in order to make the ad-atom jump, it is necessary to get out of the potential well having the negative values, and to overcome the potential barrier. The energy required for the ad-atom jump on the substrate surface was the activation energy of surface diffusion. The results obtained in this paper agree satisfactorily with the results of another method, which is based on determining the energy of ad-atom binding with the substrate atoms.
Effect of magnetic field on the steady nanofluid flow past obstacle
Authors: Khelili Yacine , Bouakkaz Rafik
Published: September 2021

The fluid flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid past a circular cylinder in a rectangular duct under a strong transverse magnetic field is studied numerically using a quasitwo-dimensional model. Transition from laminar flow with separation to creeping laminar flow is determined as a function of Hartmann number and the volume fraction of nanoparticle, as are critical Hartmann number, and the heat transfer from the heated wall to the fluid. Downstream cross-stream mixing induced by the cylinder wake was found to increase heat transfer. The successive changes in the flow pattern are studied as a function of the Hartmann number. Suppression of vortex shedding occurs as the Hartmann number increases.
About stability of mixed integer optimization problems under perturbations of input data of vector criterion
Authors: Lebedeva Tetiana , Semenova Natalia , Sergienko Tetiana
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of uncertainty in initial data on the solutions of mixed integer optimization vector problems. In the optimization problems, including problems with vector criterion, small perturbations in initial data can result in solutions strongly different from the true ones. The problem of stability of the indicated tasks is studied from the point of view of direct coupled with her question in relation to stability of solutions belonging to some subsets of feasible set.
Security estimates of the NTRUCipher and NTRUCipher+ encryption schemes against BKW-attack
Authors: Matiyko Alexandra
Published: September 2021

Due to the need of creation a symmetric encryption scheme for practical usage, the security of which (similarly to asymmetric cryptosystems) is based on the difficulty of solving only one computational problem, in 2017 the NTRUCipher encryption scheme was proposed. Preliminary researches of this encryption scheme have been conducted, but the question of NTRUCipher’s security to certain specific attacks is open. This article provides estimates of the complexity of chosen-plaintext attack on the NTRUCipher encryption scheme and even on its natural improvement NTRUCipher+. The given analytical estimates allow to compare the security of these encryption schemes and to make a conclusion about inexpediency of usage the NTRUCipher+ encryption scheme for its increase.
Solving systems of matrix equations of the second degree
Authors: Nedashkovska Anastasiya
Published: September 2021

Matrix equations and systems of matrix equations are widely used in control system optimization problems. However, the methods for their solving are developed only for the most popular matrix equations – Riccati and Lyapunov equations, and there is no universal approach for solving problems of this class. This paper summarizes the previously considered method of solving systems of algebraic equations over a field of real numbers [1] and proposes a scheme for systems of polynomial matrix equations of the second degree with many unknowns. A recurrent formula for fractionalization a solution into a continued matrix fraction is also given. The convergence of the proposed method is investigated. The results of numerical experiments that confirm the validity of theoretical calculations and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme are presented.
Quasi-Newtonian methods for modeling of plan curve
Authors: Nesterenko Alla , Duchenko Oleksandr
Published: September 2021

The paper is devoted to the methods of geometric modeling of plane curves given in the natural parameterization. The paper considers numerical modeling methods that make it possible to find the equation of curvature of the desired curve for different cases of the input data. The unknown curvature distribution coefficients of the required curve are determined by solving a system of nonlinear integral equations. Various numerical methods are considered to solve this nonlinear system. The results of computer implementation of the proposed methods for modeling two curvilinear contours with different initial data are presented. For the first curve, the input data are the coordinates of three points, the angles of inclination of the tangents at the extreme points and the linear law of curvature distribution. The second example considers an S-shaped curve with a quadratic law of curvature distributi.
Formation of complexes consisting of impurity Mn atoms and group VI elements in the crystal lattice of silicon
Authors:   Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan, Nukus, Ismailov K.А. , Iliev X.M. ,   Tashkent State Technical University, 100095, Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Universitetskaya str., 2, Tursunov M.O. ,   Termez State University, 190111, Uzbekistan, Termez, Barkamol avlod str., 43, Ismaylov B.K. ,   Tashkent State Technical University, 100095, Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Universitetskaya str., 2
Published: September 2021

Formation of complexes of impurity Mn atoms with impurity atoms of group VI elements (S, Se, Te) in the silicon crystal lattice has been studied. It has been experimentally found that formation of electrically neutral molecules with an ionic-covalent bond between Mn atoms and group VI elements takes place, which possibly leads to formation of new Si2BVI++Mn binary unit cells in the silicon crystal lattice. It has been shown that in the samples Si, Si and Si, an intense complex formation occurs at the temperatures 1100, 820 and 650°C, respectively.
Realization of 3D reflectors by using metal-air and semiconductor-air based photonic structures at three communication windows
Authors:   Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, India, Mohanty S.P. , Sahoo S.K. ,   Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, India, Mishra C.S. ,   Gandhi Institute for Technological Advancement (GITA), Bhubaneswar-752054, India, Panda A. ,   National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam-788010, India, Palai G. ,   Gandhi Institute for Technological Advancement (GITA), Bhubaneswar-752054, India
Published: September 2021

This study is based on analysis of 3D photonic crystal structure (PCS) for realization of photonic reflector pertaining to suitable optical communication wavelengths of 850, 1310 and 1550 nm. The said photonic reflector application is envisaged separately by two 3D PCSs, which comprise semiconductor (germanium) and metal (iron) based circular rods respectively, arranged on a square lattice having air as the background material. The plane wave expansion (PWE) technique is employed to investigate the photonic band gap (PBG) vis-à-vis all the aforementioned wavelengths. PBG is meticulously controlled by suitably selected various structure parameters, such as lattice spacing, diameter of the circular rods and nature of their material. Simulation outcomes explored that semiconductor based PCS reflects wavelengths of 850, 1310 and 1550 nm, when selecting the diameter of the circular rods as 282, 608 and 771 nm, respectively, whereas metal based PCS reflects the aforementioned wavelengths for diameters of the circular rods close to 335, 1070 and 871 nm, respectively. Further, we assayed the variation in reflected wavelength with respect to different diameters of circular rods for both proposed structures. Thus, the proposed optical reflectors can find a wide range of applications vis-à-vis three communication windows.
Sociabilidad y autoridad: la familia en España ante los retos del siglo XVIII
Authors: Irigoyen-López Antonio , Hernández-Franco Juan
Published: September 2021

El problema principal que se plantea en este artículo es la aparición de la familia nuclear doméstica, en la que, junto a la reducción de sus componentes a los lazos de parentesco de sangre y artificial más estrechos, priman los afectos. Es un tema que lleva ocupando a la historiografía, la cual contempla el siglo XVIII como un momento fundamental de este proceso. El objetivo principal es analizar de qué manera los cambios acaecidos en España durante dicho siglo afectaron a la familia y cómo la Iglesia católica reaccionó ante esa situación. Se ha utilizado el método comparativo y el análisis de contenido de varios tratados eclesiásticos. Los resultados permiten concluir que los autores eclesiásticos estimaban que los padres de familia habían perdido su autoridad, debido al desarrollo de una nueva sociabilidad en la que participaban distintos componentes de la unidad familiar. Puesto que los clérigos pensaban que la sociedad comenzaba a ignorar los preceptos religiosos, elaboraron un discurso que pretendía fortalecer la estructura jerárquica de la familia y el dominio paternal. Con ello, la Iglesia católica quiso reforzar el régimen estamental en un momento en que la sensibilidad y las emociones comenzaban a dominar las prácticas sociales.
Familia y movilidad social en la frontera al norte del río Negro (Uruguay) durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX
Authors: Barreto Isabel , Azpiroz Andrés
Published: September 2021

El artículo se centra en el estudio de las características étnico sociales de las poblaciones al norte del río Negro del actual Uruguay, durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX. El espacio conforma diferentes tipos de fronteras en relación a los momentos políticos, comerciales y sociales que se fueron construyendo, caracterizando un espacio dinámico de interacción cultural y de contacto entre las poblaciones. Dado que la construcción se da a partir de las interacciones sociales que lo definen en el espacio y el tiempo, es de esperar que las poblaciones presenten una dinámica de alta heterogeneidad —étnica y geográfica— en sus componentes, valores elevados de masculinidad lo que condicionaría el mercado matrimonial y la ilegitimidad de algunos grupos. A partir del análisis de un variado corpus documental, archivos parroquiales y padrones de población, en la investigación se analiza la presencia de poblaciones indígenas y afrodescendientes, el peso de la ilegitimidad, la permanencia y la movilidad social en el espacio fronterizo, entre otros aspectos. Los resultados permiten dar una imagen más completa de ese espacio fronterizo caracterizado como un continuum hasta el sur de Brasil, donde las familias se caracterizan por una conformación multiétnica y una gran movilidad espacial.
Sustainable human wellbeing: What can demography contribute?
Authors: Lutz Wolfgang
Published: September 2021

This note considers the role that demography as a discipline can play in addressing some of the key questions in the context of human wellbeing and sustainable development. Starting with the wellbeing function of sustainability science that tries to explain an indicator of human wellbeing as being determined by a set of capitals and explanatory factors, it gives an example of how the constituents of such a wellbeing indicator can be combined based on a demographic approach. It also highlights how a broadened view of demographic methodology that goes beyond the conventional focus on age and sex alone can help to make demography more relevant for studying the key challenges of humanity.
‘IT SOUNDED SO UNLIKE INDIA’: AUDITORY PERCEPTION IN ‘THE SECRET GARDEN’ BY F. H. BURNETT
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Orlova Olga Yu.
Published: September 2021

Children’s literature has traditionally employed images of different sensory modalities to make the experience of the main characters more accessible to young readers. We believe that auditory imagery is an integral part of the sensory imagery repertoire of any text written for children, and auditory perception in a literary text reflects the way of interaction between the characters and the world around them at various stages of their spiritual journey. Being a traditional coming-of-age novel, The Secret Garden by F. H. Burnett shows a specific connection between auditory imagery and the plot of the novel since it reveals the changes in the main heroine’s character and highlights her growing need to accept another point of view. Eventually, Mary Lennox, the main character of the novel, becomes ready to hear other people: her initial indifference towards the surrounding is gradually being replaced by her sincere wish to listen to the Yorkshire dialect, speak her native tongue, and believe in the curing effect of the word. With the change of the spatial imagery of the text (from British India in the first chapters to the restricted space of the garden in the Yorkshire estate Misselthwaite Manor in the second part of the book), the heroine’s inner growth becomes more obvious, and the foregrounding of the sensory imagery (including auditory) grows more vivid. The spiritual transformation experienced by Mary Lennox affects other characters of the story and even leads to overshadowing of her role at the end of the novel. From the perspective of auditory imagery, Burnett creates a circular structure, making her heroine go from a lack of audio perception – through unhackneyed auditory sketches and quotations from classic novels – to a total silencing of the main heroine at the end of the novel.
VICTOR KOMAROVSKY IN THE NOVEL ‘DOCTOR ZHIVAGO’ BY BORIS PASTERNAK
Authors:   Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, Pavlova Natalia I.
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the image of the prominent Moscow lawyer Victor Komarovsky, one of the most negative characters in the novel by Boris Pasternak Doctor Zhivago. We study this character in the aspect of his professional activity, within the system of characters-lawyers and characters-doubles, in terms of the textual component. Being the character present throughout the novel, driving the plot, knowing all the subtleties of Russian legislation and entrepreneurship, Komarovsky is shown primarily in relations with Lara and Yuri, whose moral superiority is unbearable for him. Two motifs – the ‘enslavement of the girl’ and the rivalry with Zhivago, which permeate the entire narrative concerning Komarovsky, are framed by episodes where other characters of lawyers reveal dishonesty of the legal adviser.In creating the character of Komarovsky, Pasternak employs a whole range of techniques such as prospection, assimilation, aposiopesis, recognition, changing points of view, the principle of juxtaposition, speech portrait, reminiscences with the character of Fyodor Dostoevsky, and anthroponyms. All these techniques are intended to unmask Komarovsky as a person who uses the image of a human rights defender in achieving personal goals not only in relations with his principals and their relatives but also with colleagues; these devices expose the professional dishonesty of Komarovsky, who was inaccessible even to higher legal bodies. Another technique that contributes to deheroization of the character is a system of duality. It allows the writer not only to demonstrate the lawyer’s conformism, paucity of his interests, non-involvement in the fate of Russia but also to show activity of Kologrivov and Samdevyatov. Scrupulous work on the character of the lawyer exposes the methods he uses: without revealing himself in any transaction, he ruins a number of largest manufacturers, contributes to the death of their families, adapts in search for ways to wield power.
MEANS OF COHERENCE IN INTERROGATIVE UTTERANCES IN ‘WATERLAND’ BY G. SWIFT
Authors:   Perm State University, Gladkova Katerina Yu.
Published: September 2021

The paper considers relations between two fundamental linguistic categories, which are interrogativity and text coherence. In particular, the problem of representation of the coherence category in interrogative utterances is being analyzed. The aim of the article is to study the means of coherence used in interrogative utterances in Waterland by G. Swift. This novel was chosen to provide material for investigation as it is characterized by explicit interrogation which serves to facilitate cohesion. Based on the text of the novel, we created a database including 932 interrogative utterances. To research the material, the methods of component, contextual, syntactical, stylistic analysis were employed. According to the author’s hypothesis, a variety of lexical, grammatical and phonetic means provide coherence of interrogative utterances at microlevel of a literary text. Among the lexical means of coherence presented in the novel under investigation, we found full and partial lexical repetition, repetition of synonyms and antonyms, repetition of interrogative pronouns and adverbs. Among grammatical means of coherence, there are presented full and partial repetition of an interrogative utterance, anaphora, syntactical parallelism, chiasmus, parenthesis, participle clauses and tense agreement of verbs. Among phonetic means of coherence, there were found alliteration, assonance and rhythm. The discovered means of coherence serve to form not only a syntactical but also a semantical unity of a literary text.
THE CONCEPT ‘TEA’ IN THE NOVELS ‘THE HOUSE OF THE DEAD’ AND ‘CRIME AND PUNISHMENT’ BY FYODOR DOSTOEVSKY
Authors:   Perm State University, Burdin Ivan V.
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the concept ‘tea’ in two works by Fyodor Dostoevsky – the novels The House of the Dead (1860–1861) and Crime and Punishment (1865–1866).In these works, the concept ‘tea’ includes both traditional representations – ‘tea as an element of everyday life’, ‘tea as part of a meal’, ‘tea as an attribute of friendship and communication’ – and new ones created by Dostoevsky, such as ‘tea for thought’, ‘tea as medicine and a source of strength’, ‘tea as a source of spiritual balance’). An important representation for the psychological line of the works is ‘tea as a chronometer’ – when the heroes check their internal clock with the tea time, as well as with the temperature of tea as it is becoming cold. The paper gives particular attention to the representation ‘tea as a marker of wealth’. In the novel The House of the Dead it is presented through the scenes where guests are being entertained to tea and through descriptions of the quality of the drink, in the novel Crime and Punishment – through the representation ‘tea as luxury’.The paper establishes the role of the concept ‘tea’ in conveying the main author's idea in the works by Dostoevsky. Along with other concepts presented in the text, such as wine, tobacco, food, cards etc., tea in The House of the Dead is intended to show readers the contrast between freedom and prison, contributes to the translation of the idea of freedom as absolute value. Meant to depict a special state of life – on the border of the light and darkness, life and death, wealth and poverty, the representations of the concept ‘tea’ in Crime and Punishment greatly contribute to the depiction of Raskolnikov's mental state, fit into the semantics of St. Petersburg of Dostoevsky.
A PHANTOM COACH: FROM FOLKLORE TO FICTION
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Lipinskaya Anastasia A.
Published: September 2021

The image of a phantom coach is very common in British folklore and, like its predecessors – Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse and the Wild Hunt, it is closely associated with death and bad omens. Quite understandably, it was widely used in ghost stories written in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. There are stories close to the folk tradition of storytelling, but much more often the authors create their own versions where the legends about phantom coaches are contaminated with other sources (such as ballads about demonic lovers) and lose certain elements which are essential for archaic mentality but can be easily neglected in modern fiction, e. g. death as punishment for doing or seeing something forbidden, church service as something that can drive away ghosts and demons. According to the rules of the genre, a coach turns into a kind of liminal zone, a subspace where the laws of the rational world do not work, a time capsule where the logic of a folktale prevails. There are versions where a coach is a means of communication between the world of the living and the world of the dead or demonic creatures. In later texts a coach gives way to a car, with all the functions preserved; this change is not connected with fears caused by the relatively new means of transport, the old image is merely transformed according to certain changes in everyday reality. The ancient themes of revenge, punishment, meeting the dead are recreated here, but sometimes the symbolism changes, it becomes more closely connected to the idea of time and memory. The analysis of how the image of a phantom coach works in ghost stories can help to understand certain tendencies in the development of the genre (what happens to folkloric sources, narrative principles, the ideas of time and death etc.).
The role of cognitive styles in social perception of the specified and impersonal Other
Authors:   Perm State University, Baleva Milena V.
Published: September 2021

The paper studies the contributions of cognitive styles to the process of stereotyping and perceptual bias (ingroup favoritism). It was suggested that the role of cognitive styles weakens in conditions of the object’s perceptual clarity and amplifies in conditions of his/her perceptual nebulosity. In the experiment, the level of perceptual clarity appeared as an independent variable and was set using different stimulus objects. Low perceptual clarity was presented by a description of fictional groups of people sensitive to low or high frequency sounds. Medium perceptual clarity was characterized by a description of recognizable (typical) groups of people who preferred «low-status» or «high-status» things. The level of high clarity was set by visual presentation of a specific person allegedly being a representative of the group sensitive to low or high frequency sounds. At the level of low and medium perceptual clarity, the Other was not presented visually. The study involved 305 students aged 17 to 22 (M = 19,21, SD = 0,97), 71 male and 234 female. It was found that cognitive styles were the most reliable predictors for stereotyping of the Other when his/her image was as depersonalized as possible, i.e. devoid of typological and visual certainty. The highest values of stereotyping were observed upon pronounced rigidity, field-dependence, impulsivity and cognitive simplicity. When a specified, visually defined Other was perceived, cognitive styles did not affect the stereotyping. Perceptual bias (ingroup favoritism) did not change under the influence of cognitive styles, regardless of the perceptual clarity level.
INFORMATION OPENNESS OF PUBLIC ADVISORY COUNCILS IN ST. PETERSBURG: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONDITIONS
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Viatkin Ilia , Kabanov Yuriy ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Karyaginm Mikhail ,   Center for Current Politics, Kukartsev Stanislav ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Mironov Pavel ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: September 2021

Information openness of public advisory councils is an important but underexplored indicator of their role in public policy. It reflects their activities, as well as the feedback mechanisms between citizens and councils. Scholars point out low information quality on federal and regional levels, but the reasons behind that rarely studied, especially from a comparative perspective. This paper attempts to fill in this gap by revealing the conditions leading to greater information openness. The authors choose St. Petersburg as a case and gather a dataset on 46 public councils. The key research method is the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. The framework is built on two expectations: the impact of councils’ autonomy (in website management and general organization) and the role of councils (“intermediary” or “expert”) on information openness.Due to several limitations, the results have not revealed any conditions which can be considered a guarantee for better openness. However, the preliminary conclusion is that the differences in autonomy and roles are important conditions. The autonomy of councils seems to be the most crucial factor. A valuable contribution of this paper is the framework of analysis that can be used for other cases and research strategies.
WHEN THE EU HITS HOME: NATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF NON-COMPLIANCE WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION LAW
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Sorbale Aleksei
Published: September 2021

This study analyzes 25,516 cases of violation of the European Union law by 28 Member States from 1993 to 2018. I strive to outline the national level determinants of differentiation in the pool of member countries by the total number of the EU law violations. As a key method of analysis, logistic regression is used, where factors of GDP per capita (PPP), polarization of the parliament, fragmentation of the party system, regional strategies and quality of governance are used as country attributes. The analysis demonstrates that all country attributes are significantly related to all four quartiles of the outcome, which rank member states depending on the number of violations during the period under review: from the smallest share of violated directives (Q1) to the largest share of violated directives (Q4). The results of the study demonstrate the empirical relevance of the theoretical perspective of “worlds of compliance” formulated by G. Falkner et al. (2007) for the categorization of EU member states in their reactions to the compliance efforts of the EU.