bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Audit of the efficacy and complications of cyanoacrylate glue embolisation to treat varicose veins in primary care
Authors: Weaver Isaac , Weaver Paul
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTIONCyanoacrylate glue embolization (CAGE) is a non-surgical procedure that uses a proprietary medical adhesive, delivered endovenously to close truncal, varicose veins.

AIMTo describe CAGE administered by a New Zealand general practitioner (GP) in primary care.

METHODSThe procedures were performed by a single GP with a special interest and 19 years’ clinical experience in procedural phlebology. The clinical records of 107 consecutive patients who underwent CAGE over a 2-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Some patients had bilateral disease and some had more than one truncal vein per leg treated. Data on 173 truncal veins were included in the audit. Clinical data, procedural details and postprocedural course were recorded and analysed for 71 females and 36 males.
RESULTSIn total, 173 truncal veins were treated. They included the anterior accessory saphenous vein, the great saphenous vein, the small (lesser) saphenous vein and the thigh extension with a range of clinical severity. The most commonly treated truncal vein was the great saphenous vein with an average truncal diameter of 8.8mm (2.9s.d.). Of the 173 treated truncal veins, two failed to seal with CAGE, but were sealed after adjuvant ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy treatment. Post CAGE, 14.5% of treated truncal veins developed a phlebitis.

DISCUSSIONThis audit shows that varicose veins can be treated in general practice with high levels of anatomic efficacy and few adverse effects.
Historical analysis of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans Lacepède, 1802) catches by the pelagic longline fleet in the eastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Marín-Enríquez Emigdio , Abitia-Cárdenas Leonardo A. , Moreno-Sánchez Xchel G. , Ramírez-Pérez Jorge S.
Published: September 2019

We analysed a historical (1959–2017) database of blue marlin catches reported by the industrial pelagic longline fleet operating in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The time series of catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) for the time period 1959–2015 was modelled as a function of temporal and environmental variables by using generalised additive mixed models (GAMM). CPUE predictions were made on an independent dataset (2016–2017). Results suggested that a higher nominal CPUE occurred near the equator during boreal winter, spring and autumn, with a shift towards the north during the boreal summer. Two high CPUE events were observed, one in the early 1960s and one in the early 1990s. The final GAMM explained 61% of the total variance of the CPUE time series. Only a small percentage of total deviance was explained by the environmental variables, so we suggest that changes in fleet-targeting practices are the main cause of the large variability in the time series. The final GAMM can be used to predict blue marlin CPUE with a prediction accuracy of 3–8 fish per 1000 hooks. We observed an important decline in CPUE from the early 2000s; the factors responsible for this decline should be further investigated.
Can split or delayed application of N fertiliser to grain sorghum reduce soil N2O emissions from sub-tropical Vertosols and maintain grain yields?
Authors: Schwenke G. D. , Haigh B. M.
Published: September 2019

Most soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from rain-fed grain sorghum grown on sub-tropical Vertosols in north-west New South Wales, Australia, occur between fertiliser nitrogen (N) application at sowing and booting growth stage. At three experiments, we investigated the potential for deferring some (split-N) or all (delayed) fertiliser N until booting to mitigate N2O produced without compromising optimum crop yields. N products included urea, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP)-urea, polymer-coated urea (PCU) and N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT)-urea. For a fourth experiment, the N fertiliser rate was varied according to pre-sowing soil mineral N stocks left by different previous crops. All experiments incorporated 15N mini-plots to determine whether delayed or split-N affected crop N uptake or residual soil N. Compared to urea applied at-sowing, delayed applications of urea, DMPP-urea or NBPT-urea at booting reduced the N2O emission factor (EF, percentage of applied N emitted) by 67–81%. Crop N uptake, grain yield and protein tended to be lower with delayed N than N at-sowing due to dry mid-season conditions. Much of the unused N remained in the soil at harvest. Split-N (33% sowing:67% booting) using urea, reduced EF by 59% compared to at-sowing urea, but maintained crop N uptake, grain yield and protein. Using DMPP-urea or PCU for the at-sowing portion of the split reduced EF by 84–86%. Grain yield was maintained using PCU, but was lower with DMPP-urea, which had more N in vegetative biomass. Using NBPT-urea for the in-crop portion of the split did not affect N2O emissions or crop productivity. Nitrogen budgeting to account for high pre-sowing soil mineral N nullified urea-induced N2O emissions. An N-budgeted, split-N strategy using urea offers the best balance between N2O mitigation, grain productivity and provision of a soil mineral N buffer against dry mid-season conditions. Split-N using DMPP-urea or PCU further enhanced N2O mitigation but there was no yield response to justify the extra expense.
Co-teaching Chinese in middle schools and high schools
Authors: Wang Ze , Zhang Ti , Liu Jingfei , Yonke Suzanne
Published: September 2019

This study investigates the co-teaching practices implemented in Chinese language teaching in middle schools and high schools in a school district in the Midwestern United States. With the overarching question of how co-teaching with a native speaker teacher and a language expert teacher enhances the teaching and learning process of Chinese, this study examines co-teachers’ past experiences, their roles and experiences in the co-taught Chinese classes, and their perceptions of student learning and of partner teachers’ experiences, as well as students’ motivational perceptions and classroom engagement. A mixed-methods approach is used. Results suggest that some of the challenges in the co-teaching program are due to insufficient previous co-teaching experience, Chinese co-teachers’ unfamiliarity with the U.S. classroom, and lack of clarity regarding the co-teachers’ responsibilities. The co-teaching approach used in this program is “one teach, one assist.”
What makes second language perception of Mandarin tones hard?
Authors: Pelzl Eric
Published: September 2019

Mandarin Chinese tones are known to be difficult for second language learners. A large body of research has examined non-native perception of tones, and may provide useful and interesting insights about the sources of tone learning difficulty for Chinese teachers and learners. However, much of the literature is in journals that may be difficult to access or written in technical language that may be hard for non-specialists to understand. This review article aims to summarize key findings from this research in an accessible fashion. I will draw on the research to answer five broad questions: (1) Why are tones more difficult for some learners than others? (2) Why are some tones more difficult than others? (3) Why are tones in words more difficult than in meaningless syllables? (4) Why are tones in context more difficult than in isolation? (5) What can we do about tone learning difficulties?
‘Default’ translation
Authors: Halverson Sandra L.
Published: September 2019

Investigating translation and interpreting from the perspective of a non-computational theory of cognition requires continuing development of the requisite theoretical constructs. As part of the ongoing elaboration of this alternative approach, this paper proposes the construct of ‘default translation’ as a specific phase of translation production. This phase is characterized by rapid, relatively uninterrupted production and in this paper the kinds of knowledge accessed in this phase are outlined. The proposal is that default translation involves primarily bilingual linguistic knowledge (including communication norms), metalinguistic knowledge, and a specific understanding of the translation/interpreting task. The paper suggests a means of identifying the phase in process data. Finally, the construct is positioned relative to the idea of ‘literal translation’ and a proposal for terminological use is given in the concluding remarks.
Rootstocks.
Authors: Albrigo L. G. , Stelinski L. L. , Timmer L. W.
Published: September 2019

This chapter covers the importance of rootstocks in citriculture and discuss the major rootstocks, their advantages and disadvantages. The morphology, anatomy and physiology of rootstocks and the use of mycorrhizas are also discussed.
Arthropod pests.
Authors: Albrigo L. G. , Stelinski L. L. , Timmer L. W.
Published: September 2019

This chapter describes the major pests of Citrus and the recent changes in their distribution. These pests include the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella), root weevil (Diaprepes abbreviatus), citrus rust mite (Phyllocoptruta oleivora), and nematodes. Some pest management techniques are also mentioned, such as chemical, biological, cultural and integrated control methods.
Diseases.
Authors: Timmer L. W.
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on diseases of citrus, emphasizing major problems and control measures. These include tree declines and disorders caused by bacteria, spiroplasmas, phytoplasmas, virus and virus-like agents; soil-borne diseases such as phytophthora root rot, foot rot and brown rot and other root diseases caused by fungi; diseases caused by nematodes; diseases of fruit and foliage, and postharvest decays. The control measures discussed include budwood certification, shoot-tip grafting, thermotherapy, use of resistant varieties, cultural practices and chemical control.
Species composition, stand structure, and regeneration status of tree species in dry Afromontane forests of Awi Zone, northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Gebeyehu Getaneh , Soromessa Teshome , Bekele Tesfaye , Teketay Demel
Published: September 2019

Species composition, structure, and regeneration status of trees were assessed in five dry Afromontane forests. In each of the forests, trees having ≥5 cm diameter at breast height were identified and measured in 80 quadrats (20 × 20 m
2
). We compared tree species composition and similarities, stem densities, frequencies, basal area and importance value index of trees. Harvesting index was calculated to 13.3% in the least disturbed and 22.5% in highly disturbed forests. A total of 1,655 individuals representing 38 species and 28 families were recorded. The tree densities varied from 364.1 to 664.1stem ha
−1
with an average basal area of 20.7 m
2
ha
−1
. The analysis showed significant differences in basal areas of tree species between the least and highly disturbed forests. Seedling densities ranged from 2000 to 8162.5 stem ha
−1
and sapling densities ranged from 512.5 to 2562.5 stem ha
−1
. The anthropogenic disturbances revealed high degradation of population structure and regeneration statutes of the trees in the studied forest ecosystem. In conclusion, the study provided empirical results on the dominance, population structure, importance value and regeneration status of tree species, which would be instrumental for the development of successful rehabilitation strategies for the studied forests.
Cytosolic PCNA interacts with p47phox and controls NADPH oxidase NOX2 activation in neutrophils
Authors: Ohayon Delphine , De Chiara Alessia , Dang Pham My-Chan , Thieblemont Nathalie , Chatfield Simon , Marzaioli Viviana , Burgener Sabrina Sofia , Mocek Julie , Candalh Céline , Pintard Coralie , Tacnet-Delorme Pascale , Renault Gilles , Lagoutte Isabelle , Favier Maryline , Walker Francine , Hurtado-Nedelec Margarita , Desplancq Dominique , Weiss Etienne , Benarafa Charaf , Housset Dominique , Marie Jean-Claude , Frachet Philippe , El-Benna Jamel , Witko-Sarsat Véronique
Published: September 2019

Neutrophils produce high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase that are crucial for host defense but can lead to tissue injury when produced in excess. We previously described that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a nuclear scaffolding protein pivotal in DNA synthesis, controls neutrophil survival through its cytosolic association with procaspases. We herein showed that PCNA associated with p47phox, a key subunit of NADPH oxidase, and that this association regulated ROS production. Surface plasmon resonance and crystallography techniques demonstrated that the interdomain-connecting loop of PCNA interacted directly with the phox homology (PX) domain of the p47phox. PCNA inhibition by competing peptides or by T2AA, a small-molecule PCNA inhibitor, decreased NADPH oxidase activation in vitro. Furthermore, T2AA provided a therapeutic benefit in mice during trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)–induced colitis by decreasing oxidative stress, accelerating mucosal repair, and promoting the resolution of inflammation. Our data suggest that targeting PCNA in inflammatory neutrophils holds promise as a multifaceted antiinflammatory strategy.
Period length optimization linear feedback shift register by adopting bistable multivibrator
Authors: Utomo P , Nasution M K M , Lydia M S
Published: September 2019

Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) is one of the algorithms for getting keys in the form the random number that keeps changing unpredictably in cryptographic systems. But the random number generated by the algorithm has a repetitive period of numbers. Repetition of the number will reappear when the LFSR reaches the limit of maximum length and to be new period based on the previous composition of the number that generated. It will make a weakness of the cryptographic system because it will make it easier to break the key of the cryptographic system that using pseudo-random generator based the number at the previous period. Therefore, this research tries to increase the maximum length of the LFSR algorithm by adopting the bistable multivibrator system steps that applied to electronics. The bistable multivibrator has the ability to change high state to low state and vice versa when it triggered. The adoption process of the bistable multivibrator system is by interpreting high state as a value of “1” and low state as a value of “0”. The changes output of the bistable multivibrator will then be used to influence the LFSR algorithm works with XOR gate. Experiments carried out by producing pseudo-random numbers using 30-bit registers 30 times and 4-bit registers 60 times successfully increasing the maximum length with the result twice from the previous maximum period length. Thus the LFSR optimization results with bistable multivibrator have a better impact than the normal LFSR for use in cryptographic systems.
Automatic femur length measurement for fetal ultrasound image using localizing region-based active contour method
Authors: Hermawati FA , Tjandrasa H , Sugiono  , Sari GI Permata , Azis A
Published: September 2019

This research aims to apply the localizing region-based active contour (LRAC) method to acquire the femur length in an ultrasound image automatically and to determine the effect of noise removal on the segmentation accuracy. The automatic femur length measurement system includes three main steps. The first step is the denoising process to reduce speckle noise in the ultrasound image. Afterwards, the LRAC method is applied to detect and segment a local region. The segmentation process with a certain number of iterations and a weight of the smoothing terms is started at the selected initial pixel. At the final step, the femur length is measured to estimate the gestational age. The experiment results show that the accuracy of the estimated gestational age increases significantly when the noise reduction technique is employed.
Markov Chain Analysis for Predicting Help Selection in Metacognitive Help-seeking
Authors: Sumadyo M , Santoso H B , Sensuse D I , Aji R F , Hidayati A , Wahyuni R
Published: September 2019

One of the metacognition techniques is to provide help in solving items using help-seeking. This technique is important in improving metacognitive skills, because it contains an awareness of the need for help, monitoring knowledge and choosing a strategy to get the appropriate help and then evaluating the episode help. Metacognitive skills contain the dimension of metacognitive knowledge. Therefore help-seeking is arranged according to that dimension. However, the help-seeking series have not been able to measure whether the assistance is too excessive to meet the needs of students or even less fulfilling. This study simulates the needs of students for assistance with a help-seeking series arranged in the Markov Chain so that the assistance provided to students in a personal manner will be in accordance with the needs so that the process of finding assistance will be more efficient. The task is given to a number of students to complete the questions with hint steps in the help-seeking series. The Markov Chain are used to predict the tendency of the hint type selection to be resolved in a certain order. The results will help the education facilitator to monitor students in completing the items with the help of hints.
Comparing Classification via Regression and Random Committee for Automatic Sleep Stage Classification in Autism Patients
Authors: Yulita IN , Fanany MI , Arymurthy AM
Published: September 2019

The prevalence of autism children has increased rapidly in the last few periods. There is no cure for autism. But the management and treatment of accompanying medical conditions can be done. One of the effects of his medical condition is a sleep disorder. But children with autism have difficulty communicating the disorders they experience. In medicine, the detection of sleep disorders can be done through a test called polysomnography. One of the purposes of this test is to find the patient’s sleep patterns through the sleep stage classification. But the doctors need several days to analyze each test. This study proposes an application that can classify it automatically. The method used was based on machine learning. The two classifiers were classification via regression and random committee. The both performances were compared in sleep stages classification for the autism patients. The result showed that random committees had a higher performance than classification via regression. Its performance got more than 85% for accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure. This study also implemented resampling to overcome imbalance class problems. It can be seen that this process was useful in improving the performance of both classifiers.
Design prototype of audio guidance system for blind by using raspberry pi and fuzzy logic controller
Authors: Ma’muriyah Ni’matul , Yulianto Andik , Lili
Published: September 2019

With almost 3.75 million people with visually impaired in Indonesia, according to statistical data shown that most of them not live in prosperity. To increase their productivity they need an assistive device that’s allows them to navigate freely. This paper presents a novel Audio guidance system for blind in the shape of simple bag with earphone for giving them an audio guidance efficiently and safety. Different with other audio guidance, we propose a simple system consist of Raspberry Pi Camera and Ultrasonic Sensor as input, Raspberry Pi, Earphone and Power bank. This system is initiated by providing a voice command of the direction where the blind person must walk or go through, so they can avoid from obstacles. We also apply Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) to detect the obstacles along they walk by using 3 ultrasonic sensors. The experimental result shows that by using FLC and interfacing by Raspberry Pi the proposed system can effectively to detect the obstacles and give direction with 2.32% distance error.
Simple Designed of High Voltage Pulsed Electric Field Generator Based on Fly-back Transformer
Authors: Tarigan Kerista , Perangin-angin Bisman , Brahmana Kurnia , Manalu Andriono , Sinambela Marzuki
Published: September 2019

The high pulse voltage low power supply can be built with fly-back transformer as a converter. Generation by using fly-back converter is a significant method which can be improved the circuits of the device to make it simpler, and occupies a smaller space, and cheaper. The study aimed to study and develop a device that will obtain a high pulse voltage low power supply. The results of the study obtained are, the high pulse voltage has reached 50 kV at the frequency of 100 kHz. In addition, when the high pulse voltage is fed to the plane parallel, then at the distance of 50 cm there is a spark, which means it is can generate high pulsed electric fields, it was 50kV/cm.
Fetal heart detection based wide area network technology with wireless sensor transmission
Authors: Ginting Chrismis Novalinda , E. Lister I Nyoman , Silaen Mangatas , Girsang Ermi , Laila Yonata , Turnip Mardi , Turnip Arjon
Published: September 2019

Fetal heart detection technology, especially in remote areas, has so far been manual and lacks facilities for monitoring fetal safety. This results in many pregnant women at risk of labor, so early detection of fetal heart conditions becomes important. Development of fetal heart detector technology based on wide area network technology that is able to provide real-time monitoring results and is connected to the proposed wireless sensor network transmission. Its integration with smartphones makes it easy to use in rural and remote areas. The design of this monitoring system called detector of fetal abnormalities technology has the advantage of sending medical data for pregnant women and fetal heart conditions to families and to health care centers for pregnant women in large cities or obstetricians. Visualization of data in image, graphic and text, can be used as a digital-based maternal and fetal health detector tool. In the initial trial, fetal heart rate data from 4 pregnant subject were evaluated and obtained results with an average curation of 94%.
Characterization of Coal Fly Ash Based Adsorbent for CO2 Removal
Authors: Misran Erni , Bani Okta , Dina Sari Farah , Harahap Rizki , Wahyuni Novita
Published: September 2019

The study of CO2 removal from air-CO2 mixture using coal fly ash (CFA) based adsorbent has been conducted. The sieved CFA was calcined at various temperature (200, 300 and 400 °C) for 4 hours. The calcined adsorbent pellets were characterized before utilizing in CO2 removal. Result suggested that calcination temperature slightly affected the yield of adsorbents. Increasing calcination temperature decreased the density and bulk density; but increased the percentage of adsorbed moisture of the adsorbents. SEM micrograph revealed various shape and size of the adsorbent and matched the result of XRD pattern and EDS analysis. The characterized adsorbents then were utilized to remove CO2 in an adsorption column. The inlet mixture contained 35%-vol of CO2 with flow rate of mixed gas of 200 ml/min. The highest removal was accomplished by using CFA based adsorbent pellet with particle size of 140 mesh, calcination temperature 300 °C for 4 hours. The CO2 removal efficiency was 71.43% with adsorbent capacity of 8.027 mg CO2/g adsorbent.
The Implementation of Analytical Hierarchy Process for Determining Best Employee
Authors: Joselin Lisa , Tania Jessica , Merry  , Rusli Wilson , Bahri Edward , Sitanggang Delima , Turnip Mardi
Published: September 2019

In organisation, the judgement of best employee is still carried out conventionally. This is made the judgement takes time and long process. That is why to resolve the problem will be built a decision system using Analytical Hierarchy Processmethod. The criteria used in these study are attitude, productivity, discipline, cooperation ability, educational level, neatness, loyalty, realization of work plan. After using the application, the result is we have test the program three times with different criteria value. The first result is gotten within 3,2 minutes, second is within 4,5 minutes and the last time is within 3,3 minutes so the average AHP method report can be printed is in 3,7 minutes with 5 samples.
Understanding group signature methods in making digital signatures to maintain the validity of messages
Authors: Siregar Saut Dohot , Banjarnahor Jepri , Dharshinni N P , Tamba Saut Parsaoran , Robin
Published: September 2019

In this millennial era, a large amount of digital data traffic going through communication media on digital technology every day. Most of the data are documents and other essential information. The existing rapid development of technology nowadays, information can be easily faked. To make sure the validity of a digital document, a digital signature is required to verify the originality of the document. The purpose of this research is to design software which implemented the group signature algorithm to apply and verify digital signatures. The Signature Group algorithm used in this research is the Tseng-Jan scheme. The Tseng-Jan scheme consists of 5 stages: setup, join, sign, verify, and open. After applying the algorithm using 2 digits key and 3 digits key on the samples, 80% of the verification experiment on 2 digits key was succeeded 70% of the verification experiment on 3 digits key was succeeded.
An expert system for diagnosing plant diseases using certainty factor and backward chaining based on android
Authors: Tambunan Angel Mariana , Siringoringo Sari Ratnawati , Aruan Rani , Aisyah Putri Intan , Sitanggang Delima
Published: September 2019

Rice is a producer of basic human needs that have a very important role. Every use of new seeds can cause disease in new plants and often the results obtained are not optimal because they do not know more precisely the type of disease that attacks the rice plants. Most rice farmers still use manual methods to find out the existence of the disease in the rice plants, namely by seeing it directly in the rice fields so that often rice farmers are too late to know these symptoms due to the lack of more knowledge and understanding of rice plants. To overcome the problems that occur it takes a system that has the knowledge like an expert. In this study, an expert system with an Android-based design was designed to make it easier for farmers to access information and can be used as a tool to diagnosediseases in rice plants so that they can be accessed wherever and whenever to overcome the problems faced by farmers. In this system applying the backward chaining method as the basis of the rules and the certainty factor method as weighting, so that by using the method that has been applied in testing various types of diseases and symptoms, the diagnosis of the type of blast disease is 68,83%.
Food Packaging Search Application From Text Image In Android With Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) Method
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Nainggolan Fransiska Susilawati , Simanjuntak Melva , Lubis Edi Apriyanto
Published: September 2019

Search Application Info on Food Packaging with Image Input based on Android is one application that can make it easier for users to see a description of the ingredients on food packaging. This application uses the Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) method which is able to show outstanding performance in the field of image recognition, especially in the field of character recognition, because DCNN has a performance capable of extracting high-level features. Detailed information on food packaging is usually written on food packaging with a small font size that makes it difficult for consumers to read it, and on food packaging there is also no selling price of the product. This makes it difficult for consumers who only want to know the information and prices of these food products. A method is needed to get a text version of the food packaging brand image and to become a search keyword on the food information service site. In this report, we will examine digital image processing especially in the field of pattern recognition to analyze the titles contained in food packaging in real time. This research will utilize smartphone cameras that are used to detect objects specifically for food packaging to see the price, composition, brand, net weight and description of the food packaging based on the food packaging detected.
Web-Based Automation Speech-to-Text Application using Audio Recording for Meeting Speech
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Nababan Marlince NK , Laia Yonata , Purba Windania , Robin  , Gea Asaziduhu
Published: September 2019

The use of technology is very important nowadays. Most of everyday activities are documented and stored in digital form. One of those activity is recording. Activity of an organization is very important, therefore recording of meeting material is one of those important activities. Usually the meeting material is documented by writing them into papers or typing them and stored them into computer. Sometimes, the meeting information is written or typed incorrectly so a speech-to-text application is required to solve this problem. In this study, the solution offered is to implement a web-based automation speed-to-text application which can record the voice of meeting participants then converted them into text automatically, so the results of the recording process of meeting materials are more effective and efficient By using voice recognition feature its called web kit Speech Recognition, this system can be implemented. After successfully implementing this application which is so called Speech Meeting Web kit system, the average value for duration system for Indonesia and English language is 96,63 % and 82,78 %.
Effect of Release Coefficientof Orifice Plate on Water Fluid Flow Systems
Authors: Hutagalung Sutrisno Salomo
Published: September 2019

The orifice plate is used to estimate the flow rate of a mass flowing through a pipe by connecting the measured loss pressure and mass flow rate. In this paper, the relationship between Reynolds number (Re) and Cd is observed based on pressure variations in a pipe. The test results show that the release coefficient rapidly decreases when the Reynolds number approaches 1 for each meter of flow. By knowing the difference of the occurs pressure, the value of the parameter Cd can be calculated from the actual discharge ratio to its theoretical. The calculation results show that the average value of Cd for the orifice plate sensor about 0.599 (with a deviation value of about 0.001 and Re value around 105 is obtained.
Decision Support System on Selection of Lecturer Research Grant Proposals using Preferences Selection Index
Authors: Sundari Siti , Karmila  , Fadli Masduki Nizam , Hartama Dedy , Windarto Agus Perdana , Wanto Anjar
Published: September 2019

The Institute for Research and Community Service is a forum for lecturers at every university/institution to develop their knowledge according to their respective disciplines through research fields. This study aims to determine the recipient of the best research grant at STIKOM Tunas Bangsa Pematangsiantar. Research data comes from relevant agencies. There are 9 names of lecturers that are used as alternatives and 5 criteria as the assessment of grantees, namely type of problem formulation (C1), research output opportunities (C2), research method (C3), literature review (C4) and research feasibility (C5). This study uses the Preference selection index (PSI) method. In this method does not require relative determination of attributes, so the researcher does not need to determine the weight criteria. Based on the results of the study obtained several alternatives with the highest preference value, A8 (index selection value 0.8819), A9 (index selection value 0.8627), A4 (index selection value 0.8447), A3 (index selection value 0.83123) and A5 (Index selection value 0.8184) are entitled to get an internal research grant at STIKOM Tunas Bangsa. With this system, it can be used as a comparison between reviewer evaluators and the PSI system so as to maintain the quality of assessment in determining the recipients of internal research grants objectively. It is hoped that this research can provide recommendations to the Institute for Research and Community Services in determining internal lecturer research proposal grants so that the results obtained are more objective.
Analysis of Possibility of the Combination of Affine Cipher Algorithm with One Time Pad Cipher Using the Three-Pass Protocol Method in Text Security
Authors: Ridho Abdurrahman , Dewi Ananda Mutya , Siregar Rosma , Zarlis Muhammad , Hartama Dedy
Published: September 2019

The use of the Three-Pass Protocol method in exchanging secret text messages is one effective method because the two interested parties do not need to use a single key to open the message sent. But there is a possibility that the message cannot be described because the cipher used is not suitable. The purpose of this study is to show whether the Affine Cipher Algorithm with One Time Pad Cipher using the Three-Pass Protocol method can be used to encrypt and decryption the text message.
Fleet Size from Split Delivery in Vehicle Routing Problems
Authors: Hasibuan H S , Suwilo S , Sitompul O S
Published: September 2019

Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a problem of determining the route by minimizing the number of vehicles used to minimize the total mileage of a vehicle to deliver an item to a customer that starts from a depot and ends at the depot. VRP relates to the distribution of goods, people, information, vehicles and roads. All customers must be visited only once and by one vehicle must not exceed the capacity of the vehicle. VRP varies due to real life constraints related to the type of vehicle, number of depots, conditions, transportation, and time period. Among them the problem of a heterogeneous vehicle fleet is a type of VRP whose vehicles have different capacities and costs, besides different vehicles also have a Split Delivery variation where customers can be visited by one, two, three or even four vehicles. This is due to the capacity constraints possessed by each courier, as a result if the first courier is unable to complete all orders from the customer then the order delivery can be continued by a second courier or other courier who also crosses the route from the customer. The aim is to minimize vehicle fixed costs and transportation costs. Where the problem is, each customer will get at least one delivery. capacity limit for each vehicle and determine the number of vehicles to be used in the delivery of goods. To find a solution to this problem, the Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model is used. The solution obtained is an optimal solution that minimizes the objective function and fulfills all constraints or constraints made. The results obtained show that the model created produces a distribution route with a minimum total distance.
A Car Flow Network Model For Lane-Based Evacuation Routing Problem
Authors: Julianto  , Mawengkang Herman , Zarlis M
Published: September 2019

The problem of evacuation is very important when a disaster occurs. Evacuation must have systematic planning and good calculation. The planning is related to determining the route and flow of the vehicle. The shortest route problem is a matter of how to travel from one point of source through the paths to the destination with the shortest distance. The shortest path is the minimum trajectory needed to reach a certain point. In addition to the trajectory that has passed the shortest route, it needs to be taken into account about the maximum flow of a network. The maximum flow problem aims to maximize the movement of a number of items or objects through certain paths from the point of source to the end point. In this paper, in the future a model of vehicle movement will be developed to evacuate victims with maximum flow and through the shortest evacuation route by taking into account the paths to be followed in order to implement an effective evacuation process.
Chance Constrained Programming for Capacitated Open Vehicle Routing Problems
Authors: Sihombing Dame Ifa , Opim S. Sitompul , Sutarman  , Nababan Ester
Published: September 2019

In open vehicle routing problems, the vehicles are not required to return to the depot after completing service. In this paper, the problem is extended by considering the reliability of the fulfillment of customer demands. Each customer has a demand and each customer is necessarily to be served by a single vehicle and no vehicle may serve a set of customers whose total demand exceeds the vehicle capacity. Each vehicle route must start at the depot and after serving the last customer it is not necessary for the vehicle to return to the depot. The objective is to determine the set of vehicle routes that minimizes the total costs, with chance constrained to guarantee that customers’ demand is satisfied. We solve the stochastic model using sample average approximation approach.
Modeling the Transmission of Infectious Disease in a Dynamic Network
Authors: Husein Ismail , Mawengkang Herman , Suwilo Saib , Mardiningsih
Published: September 2019

The transmission of infectious disease in epidemiological models usually is based on the assumption that population within random-mixing. Although medical developments can reduce the consequences of the spread of infectious diseases, prevention of plague remains a major toehold. After a model is formulated containing the main fitur the development and transmission of infectious disease, onward to the model can be used to predict, making eradication strategies, control or prevent the spread. Modeling the spread of the disease has the potential to improve the quality of human life. The social life of humans far more complex exceed a diverse population. The transmission dynamics of infectious diseases is sensitive to patterns the interaction between the individual vulnerable (susceptible) and contracted (infectious). Human social contact very heterogeneous group. To predict the impact of this pattern against the transmission of infectious diseases, the use of epidemiological random network model, where the nodes serves individuals exposed, contracting or cured and connectedness presents contact transmission. Type the model spread (epidemic) that examined the model type is exposed, tetular exposed, and cured, or better known as a type of SIRS.
An Optimization Model for Multi-Echelon Multi-Commodity Supply Chain Design with Side Constraints
Authors: Harahap Amin , Mawengkang Herman , Opim S. Sitompul
Published: September 2019

A proper strategies in designing and optimizing supply chains can help enterprises to stay competitive in this volatile economy. Identifying various type of products that run through the supply chain and aligning several parts of the supply chain to these product types are considered to be effective strategies adapted by successful companies. In this paper we address an optimal design of a multi-echelon supply chain problem with various commodity that is of significance to the business enterprise, along with the associated inventory systems. By using the guaranteed service approach to model the multi-echelon inventory system, we develop an MINLP model to simultaneously optimize the transportation, inventory and network structure of a multi-echelon supply chain which involve multi commodity. The optimization model is then solved using a strategy of releasing nonbasic variables from their bounds, combined with the “active constraint” method.
Context-dependent information space for construction information processes
Authors: Hilbert F , Schülbe R , Fuchs S
Published: September 2019

The planning and construction of buildings and structures is based on collaborative building information processes. The information supply of these processes is characterized by the exchange of heterogeneous domain-specific information. For the treatment of most problems in the construction industry, the information involved is rarely considered in isolation, but rather elements from different information models are linked with each other. The concept of the information space has established itself for the persistence of such linked information models. For sustainable building, the continuous use of existing information models or information spaces is indispensable. Various implementation approaches exist for information spaces in civil engineering. One approach that is currently in the initial phase of standardisation and will therefore spread further in the construction industry is the multimodel approach. For large construction projects or more complex buildings, multimodels become very large and often contain information that is unnecessary for the respective processing situation. This makes the handling of such multimodels cumbersome and slows down the acceptance. One approach to reducing multimodels is to adapt them to the information needs of the respective information process. Information processes are embedded in a task context that essentially determines the information requirements of the process. In order to anticipate such situational information needs, this paper presents a method to define context-adaptive multimodel templates based on a formalization of the context dependencies of the information requirements. These can be evaluated at the time of application towards situation-specific information requirements and form a basis for the creation of situational information spaces for the realization of a context-oriented information supply.
Sensitivity Analysis of Life Cycle Impacts Distribution Methods Choice Applied to Silica Fume Production
Authors: Timm J F G , Morales M F D , Passuello A
Published: September 2019

The construction sector is known as an important consumer of natural resources. The use of by-products from different production chains in the sector is encouraged, promoting a reduction in the extraction of natural resources, reducing the need for residues disposal and enhancing circularity. Silica fume is a by-product from the smelting process in the silicon and ferrosilicon industry, commonly used as concrete supplementary cementitious material, which provides chemical and physical effects on concrete microstructure. When LCA evaluation is conducted, different impact distribution models may be applied to assess the potential impact of the by-productss. Although their benefits are recognized, some studies still report them as burden free, having no allocated impacts . Thereby, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the differences in silica fume life cycle impacts by analyzing three scenarios from cradle to gate, considering the modeling procedures described by ISO 14040, the Cut-off model from Ecoinvent version 3.3 and the impact assessment method CML v.4.4, according to the CEN EN 15804 recommended categories. Results enhance the understanding regarding model selection and demonstrate that the selection of the proper distribution model is key, considering that this may lead to important differences in the results.
Integrating Earthen Building Materials and Methods into Mainstream Construction Using Environmental Performance Assessment and Building Policy
Authors: Ben-Alon L , Loftness V , Harries K A , Cochran Hameen E
Published: September 2019

Earthen building materials offer an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional materials because they are locally available, minimally processed, and waste-free. However, they have not been comprehensively implemented because their technical data is highly variable, and they are not fully represented in building codes. To address these hurdles, this paper presents an environmental assessment and a policy repair review, including an environmental embodied impact analysis, and a discussion of the regulatory development required for earthen construction. The results of the environmental assessment show that earthen wall assemblies significantly reduce environmental impacts by 62-99% when compared with conventional assemblies such as timber frame and concrete blocks. Additionally, the policy discussion provides recommendations to overcoming materials variability and regulatory organizational collaboration. Overall, this paper highlights the importance of environmental and policy measures that could be used by policy makers and earthen building advocates in their endeavours to catalyse the representation of earthen building materials and methods in mainstream construction.
Whole-Life Costing of a French Single-Family House Refurbishment: the “Bat-Eco2” case study
Authors: Colli C , Bataille A , Antczak E
Published: September 2019

Bat-Eco 2 is a research project on building refurbishment life cyle assessment (LCA) and whole-life costing (WLC). The project’s goal is to contribute to the development of a tool to help decision-making on refurbishment solutions, considering the environmental aspects along with the economic ones. This project has been split in four steps: (i) LCA of a standard single-family house refurbishment built in 1939 and located in Libercourt, Hauts-de-France; (ii) WLC of the same case study; (iii) crossing of LCA results with WLC ones; (iv) simplified tool specification in agreement with these results. This paper presents the WLC methodological choices and the corresponding WLC results. The WLC methodology complies with the ISO 15686-5. It details the refurbishment life cycle stages in compliance with the EN 15 978. The main choices are presented, i.e. system boundaries, economic rates, present costs for each life cycle stage, building residual value. Results enable to enumerate economic hotspots for the case study of this single-family house refurbishment. The whole-life costing is calculated using excel sheets, considering economic data from the social landlord Maison & Cités, house owner of the study case.
Implementing sustainable sourcing in construction: Results of a current analysis of the Austrian market
Authors: Wall J , Hofstadler C
Published: September 2019

Achieving the UN sustainable development goals, construction industry shows a great potential. Since 50% of the total resource consumption and 40% of the entire energy demand in the European Union are caused by the construction sector, procurement processes indicate a crucial starting point improving sustainable construction. Currently, organizations struggle with implementing sustainable procurement processes. Missing information on sustainability issues can be stated as an important problem in the sourcing procedure. Consequently, interactions of planning processes and sustainable procurement represent a fundamental topic. To investigate the current situation on procurement especially in Austria, an expert survey has been carried out. Therefore, a set of three central research questions has been elaborated that could be evaluated by a detailed survey. Based on the detection of relevant stakeholders, by means of a standardized online-questionnaire the implementation of life cycle-oriented sustainability issues has been surveyed. The contribution is going to illustrate the current situation of lifecycle-oriented planning, awarding and tendering of construction works in Austria. Furthermore, deductions were made based on the results of the survey, indicating action areas and presenting future potential of the application of building information modelling.