bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
59‐5: Simultaneous Transfer and Bonding (SITRAB) Process for Mini‐LED Display
Authors: Choi Kwang-Seong , Joo Jiho , Eom Yong-Sung , Choi Gwang-Mun , Lee Chanmi , Jang Ki-Seok , Yun Ho-Gyeong , Moon Seok Hwan , Choi Ji-Hoon , Choi Ji-Woong
Published: June 2021

We developed a simultaneous transfer and bonding (SITRAB) process based on laser‐assisted bonding with compression (LABC) and our proprietary SITRAB adhesive technology. As its name implies, the SITRAB process performs transfer and bonding simultaneously, unlike the conventional sequential process, in which transfer is followed by the bonding process. SITRAB's process time is less than 6 s. The SITRAB adhesive was developed in the form of a paste and a film, and an appropriate type of adhesive can be applied depending on the applications. The adhesive was proved to be applied as SnAg and In solders during the SITRAB process. Two 35 × 35 arrays of 80 µm × 130 µm sized mini LEDs with a 288 µm pitch with SnAg or In interconnects have been successfully processed. The repair process based on SITRAB technology was proposed and confirmed experimentally.
60‐2: Contact Model Analysis of GaN‐Based Micro Light‐Emitting Diodes (MicroLEDs) with Distinct Structures and Bonding Pads
Authors: Liu Yibo , Zhang Ke , Feng Feng , Chan Ka-Wah , Liu Zhaojun , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the contact model analysis based on gold (Au) and aluminum (Al) with distinct structures and bonding pads of GaN‐based Micro‐LED was proposed. Firstly, the fabrication process and three different structures (testing, bottom emitting and top emitting structures) with 30 −200µm size were introduced. Then, the electrical properties of testing structure were analyzed by extracting the series resistances and ideality factors. Next, the performances of two metals with bottom and top emitting structures were evaluated electrically and optically throughout the injection current at forward bias, leakage current at reverse bias, radiometric power and luminous flux. The final results indicated Au contact is superior to Al for the indium bonding pads on Micro‐LEDs.
62‐4: Distinguished Student Paper: Doubling the Optical Efficiency of Color‐Converted MicroLED Displays with a Patterned Cholesteric Liquid‐Crystal Polymer Film
Authors: Hsiang En-Lin , Li Yannanqi , He Ziqian , Zhan Tao , Zhang Caicai , Lan Yi-Fen , Dong Yajie , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2021

We develop a patterned cholesteric liquid crystal polymer film with reflection and scattering states. By integrating this film into a color‐converted micro‐LED display, the optical efficiency is increased by 2.14x at 90% Rec.2020 color gamut and the average angular color shift δu'v′ is reduced from 0.03 to 0.018.
62‐6: Invited Paper: Narrow‐Band Phosphors for Next Generation MiniLED and MicroLED Displays
Authors: Murphy James , Camardello Samuel , Doherty Mark , Liu Jerry , Smigelski Paul , Setlur Anant
Published: June 2021

Both phosphors and quantum dots are currently used in liquid crystal displays (LCDs), with GE's KSF narrow red phosphor demonstrating the best possible red color point, reliability, and efficiency. Next generation miniLED and microLED based displays require excellent color quality (gamut) and high brightness which will require color conversion materials with high EQE and narrow emission peaks. Here we describe recent advancements in narrow‐band phosphors which are being implemented in next‐generation miniLED displays, and being considered for enabling full‐color microLED displays of the future due to their excellent optical performance and robust nature.
62‐8: Invited Paper: High Color Gamut QDot™ LCD Displays with Perovskite Quantum Dots: Devices Architecture, Performance and Reliability
Authors: Sinatra Lutfan , Lutfullin Marat , Lentijo-Mozo Sergio , Bakr Osman M.
Published: June 2021

Perovskite Quantum Dots (QDs) promise to deliver over 90% of Rec2020 color representation, the highest for RoHS compliant LCD displays. In this study, we strive to demonstrate the performance of LCD displays using QDot™ green emitting Perovskite QDs with various backlight architectures. Using different blue and red light sources, we fabricated four types of LCD display, which showed contrasting Rec2020 color gamut from 80 to 86% and brightness from 1000 to 2000 nits. With these impressive metrics, Perovskite Quantum Dots paves the way for mass adoption of the technology in the display field.
62‐9: Invited Paper: Hybrid Composite Films with Perovskite Quantum Dots and Red Phosphors for LCD Display Backlights
Authors: Zhang Tao , Bai Zelong , Li Jing , Zhong Haizheng
Published: June 2021

Perovskite quantum dots films (PQDF) are emerging as low‐cost alternatives to improve the color gamut of liquid crystal display (LCD) backlights due to their narrow half peak width. In this paper, hybrid composite films with green perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) and red rare earth phosphors were combined in a dual layer film for LCD backlight display applications. By combining the in‐situ fabricated green emissive PQDF with KSF phosphor or red nitride phosphor (NP), we prepared hybrid composite films of green PQDF and red phosphors with high brightness and wide color gamut. The color gamut of PQDs‐KSF is 83.1% of Rec. 2020 due to the narrow full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum of PQDs and KSF phosphors. These composite films have great potential in the application of LCD backlights.
62‐10: Invited Paper: How to further extend the image quality lead of LCD displays
Authors: Luechinger Norman A
Published: June 2021

We present the key parameters to achieve maximized image quality for mid‐ to large‐size displays and will show that LCD technology excels in all these parameters thus providing the best possible image quality currently on the market. We present a solution based on combining perovskite QDs, mini‐LED backlights and KSF phosphor to further boost both color gamut and peak brightness at the same time allowing to bring the image quality of the best LCD displays to the next level. Furthermore we show that such displays are not just a vision but are close to market entry which will extend the lead of LCD technology even more compared to all other technologies used in mid/large‐size displays at present and in the future.
63‐2: Student Paper: Thin‐film Compatible Process High Resolution Patterning of Quantum Dots Light‐emitting Diodes
Authors: Ma Jingrui , Jia Siqi , Tang Haodong , Qu Xiangwei , Xu Bing , Wu Zhenghui , Liu Pai , Tang Jing , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: June 2021

Reliable quantum dots (QD) patterning techniques are essential for QD industrialization in the high‐resolution display application field. In this work, the patterned quantum dots light‐emitting diodes (QLED) are fabricated by a thin film compatible process. SiO2 is introduced as an isolation layer and the pixel size can shrink to 5 µm with good pattern uniformity. This method shows a promising way to integrate the solution‐processed QLED with the traditional semiconductor thin‐film process.
63‐3: Low‐Color‐Shift QD‐LED Pixels with Uniform Layer Thicknesses
Authors: Montgomery David J. , Hopkin Hywel , Berryman-Bousquet Valerie
Published: June 2021

We introduce a novel design of RGB QD‐LED sub‐pixels whereby low colour shift can be obtained by uniform layer thicknesses across the three colour pixels. This utilizes an effect in one optical mode within a special bank structure. A hybrid simulation of the pixel structure verifies the performance.
64‐1: Invited Paper: Challenges for Realizing QD‐LED Display
Authors: Kanehiro Masayuki , Nakanishi Yohei , Ishida Takeshi , Ryowa Tatsuya , Izumi Makoto , Iwata Noboru , Asaoka Yasushi , Kamada Tsuyoshi , Berryman-Bousquet Valerie
Published: June 2021

This paper reports on the potential of quantum dot light emitting diode (QD‐LED) as a future display technology and on the advances required to realize it. We give an update on development of QD materials, lifetime and UV lithography‐based fabrication process for active matrix QD‐LED displays.
65‐5: Improved Brightness and Efficiency of Green Quantum‐Rod‐Based Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Mallem Kumar , Prodanov Maksym F. , Chen Dezhang , Marus Mikita , Vashchenko  , Halpert Jonathan E. , Srivastava Abhishek K.
Published: June 2021

Semiconductor colloidal quantum rods (QRs) are evolving as potential candidates for future lighting and display applications due to numerous advantages. QRs offer various aids over quantum dots (QDs) in terms of polarized emission, large global Stokes shift, and double the outcoupling efficiency. In this paper, we synthesized CdSe/CdS/ZnS (core/shell/shell) green QRs with an emission wavelength at 520 nm and employed them in QR based light‐emitting diodes (QRLEDs). The QRLED device performance was further optimized by inserting a thin poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) layer in‐between emissive layer and electron transport layer (ETL) (ZnO NP). The PMMA layer is acting as a barrier between the emissive layers to the ETL interface, and thus limit the excess electron injection into the QRs and helps to maintain the balanced charge injection. The fabricated green QRLEDs exhibit excellent optoelectronic performance, such as high brightness of 11890 cd/m2 and an impressive peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.6 %. Through further tuning the device with a PMMA, we elevated the peak‐EQE up to 6.8%. To the best of our knowledge, these are the best‐reported numbers for the QR based green light‐emitting diodes.
66‐1: High Resolution Quantum Dot Global Shutter Imagers
Authors: Steckel Jonathan S. , Pattantyus-Abraham Andras G. , Josse Emmanuel , Mazaleyrat Eric , Rochereau Krysten
Published: June 2021

Quantum dot photodetectors are a promising platform technology that ST Microelectronics has developed, scaled‐up, and is ready to commercialize. Our quantum dot‐based global shutter imagers are responsive from UV to SWIR wavelengths at high resolution, high efficiency, and low dark currents, with good reliability and very competitive cost. Sampling to customers is now ready to start.
67‐5: Utility of Dual Screen e‐Paper for Writing Using Reference Documents
Authors: Fujisaki Kanako , Omodani Makoto
Published: June 2021

Dual screen e‐Paper is expected to be useful when creating documents using reference documents. This study evaluated performances of referencing conditions using paper, e‐Paper, and LCD and suggested that the working conditions using dual screen e‐Paper brought almost the same performance as the working conditions using paper as a reference.
69‐2: Development of Flexible Cover Window for Large Foldable Display with a Pen‐Touch Function
Authors: Park Youngjoo , Bang Soyeon , Hwang Byoung-Har , Jang Sejin , Kwak Taehyoung , Lee JounHo , Kim JeomJae , Yoon SooYoung
Published: June 2021

Colorless polyimide (CPI) film is one of promising candidates for a foldable display because of its excellent mechanical and optical properties. To achieve a good and high reliable foldability, engineers must take into account thickness for foldability and mechanical hardness for pen touch function. To compromise this trade‐off relationship, LG Display chose CPI as a base film of the cover window and double‐sided thin hard coating for a pen touch solution. This paper shows why LG Display choose the proposed configuration with detail data.
69‐3: Non‐Linear Mechanics of Adhesives for Robust Flexible Displays
Authors: Abrahamson Joel T. , Yeh Chyi-Huey Joshua , Hedegaard Aaron T. , McDaniel David J.
Published: June 2021

The critical properties of robust adhesives for flexible displays differ from typical measures of PSA (pressure‐sensitive adhesives) strength like peel adhesion. 3M™ Optically Clear Adhesives (OCAs) for foldable displays must repeatedly and reversibly strain to deformations of several hundred percent. Typical shear modulus measurements with a rheometer give an incomplete picture of adhesive performance since they only strain the material a few percent. We present hyperelastic, that is, large‐strain measurements of exemplary 3M foldable OCAs which have important non‐linear stress responses, improving decoupling at the strain levels of a foldable display. Finally, non‐linear strain hardening in the polymers can help arrest the growth of cavitation bubbles (optical defects), in contrast to the strain hardening behavior needed to preserve fibrils for higher peel strength.
70‐1: Distinguished Paper: 9.4‐inch 228‐ppi Flexible Micro LED Display
Authors: Lee Seok-Lyul , Cheng Chun-Cheng , Liu Chan-Jui , Yeh Cheng-Nan , Lin Yu-Chieh
Published: June 2021

9.4‐inch 228‐ppi full‐color micro LED display using the flexible LTPS‐TFT backplane has been successfully developed. In order to solve the interconnection of tiny micro LEDs, those size are less than 30um, we introduced the flip‐chip soldering technology for high resolution flexible micro LED displays. Contrast ratio of >1,000,000: 1 with brightness of 700 nits was realized by the full‐color micro LED display with uniform brightness and color shift free at any off‐axis viewing angles. These supreme micro LED visual performances will be provided more comfortable user experience for high resolution flexible automotive applications.
70‐2: Sheet‐type Image Sensor with Near Infrared Sensitive Organic Photodiode
Authors: Yokota Tomoyuki , Nakamura Takashi , Kato Hirofumi , Himoto Kento , Kimura Hiroyuki , Takimoto Akio , Someya Takao
Published: June 2021

We have developed an ultra‐flexible organic photodetector with high sensitivity in near infrared regions. The photodetector exhibits good mechanical durability. The change in dark and photocurrent was approximately 10% after 500 cycles at a bending radius of 1.6 cm. Furthermore, the photodetector also shows good air stability. By combining the organic photodetector and low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon thin‐film transistor backplane, we developed a conformable imager with a high resolution of 508 dpi.
P‐1: World's First 85‐in. 8K4K 120Hz 1G1D LCD with Oxide TFT Using Four‐Mask Array Process
Authors: Ge Shi-Min , Li Shan , Hu Xiao-Bin , Gong Cheng , Zhao Wen-Da , Li Yu-Zhi , Zheng Ze-Ke , Dai Chu-Hong , Liu Quan-Sheng , Lei Xing , Guo Li , Fu Xin-Bo , Son Woosung , Xiao Jun-Cheng , Zhao Bin
Published: June 2021

We successively fabricated 1G1D 85″ 8K4K 120Hz LCD with oxide TFT using only four‐mask array process. The transmittance and contrast ratio of our 85″ panel are 4.5% and 5000, which show 8% and 15% improvement than a‐Si TFT counterparts. The power consumption is reduced 20% compared to a‐Si TFT panels.
P‐8: A Novel Design for a Pixel‐Driver Circuit with Boost Function for UWFR Display
Authors: Cao Haiming , Tian Chao , Feng Jiebing , Cheng Hong , Guan Yanqing , Liu Guanghui
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a novel design of pixel driver circuit with boost function for UWFR (Ultra wide frame rate) display is introduced. The design is appropriate for the high‐resolution and high frame rate display to overcome the shortage of charging time. The circuit can improve the the Ion of the driver TFT by promoting the Vgs of the TFT in AA to promote the charging performance without any higher Voltage of the power supply. An UWFR LCD panel with proposed circuit is fabricated, and the dynamic frame rate ranging from 5Hz to 120Hz could be achieved. The charge ratio of the panel with the optimum circuit in 120Hz is promoted by 6% compared with the normal design, and the boosted voltage of the Vgs in active area is also detected.
P‐15: Student Poster: Reliable Gate Driver for Real‐Time External Compensated AMOLED Display Using InGaZnO TFTs
Authors: Yang Jiwen , Huang Jie , Liao Congwei , An Junjun , Dai Chao , Zhang Xin , Zhang Shengdong
Published: June 2021

The a‐IGZO TFTs integrated gate driver circuit with inter‐frame memory module and isolated bootstrapping node structure is proposed for AMOLED display. The driver can provide progressive display signal, inter‐frame detection signal and standby detection signal. Compared with conventional ones, the proposed inter‐frame memory shows enhanced driving ability due to the introduce of voltage bootstrapping function. Besides, the proposed gate driver can tolerate larger threshold voltage variations (ΔVth) than the conventional circuit due to the isolated bootstrap node structure.
P‐16: Turnaround Phenomenon of Threshold Voltage Shifts in Bias‐Stressed a‐Si:H Thin‐Film Transistor under Extremely High Intensity Illumination
Authors: liu Chunming , Jiang Zhixiong , Xu Hongyuan , Son Woosung , Wang Xu
Published: June 2021

The abnormal threshold voltage (Vth) turnaround behavior of a‐Si:H TFTs was investigated when biased under extremely high intensity illumination. TFTs with various compositions of gate insulator (SiNx) were fabricated to avoid this abnormal behavior and enhance reliability upon high intensity illumination. 500‐hours RA results confirmed that our optimization strategy can effectively improve the reliability of TFT‐LCDs.
P‐21: A Low‐Power Transflective TFT‐LCD Based On IGZO TFT
Authors: Lou Tenggang , Wang Lei , Kong Xiangjian , Liu Jine , Qin Feng
Published: June 2021

We have developed a transflective TFT‐LCD device based on IGZO TFT(thin film transistor) using GIP and Demux driving circuit. The average flicker is −62.35dB when in reflective mode driving in 1Hz while −55dB in transmissive mode driving in 60Hz. The flicker and the visual effect still performance well after RA(reliability analysis) test. The flicker after RA test almost unchanged comparing with the LCD without RA test. The average contrast ratio is 24.9 in reflective mode while 33.4 in transmissive mode. The power consumption average reduced by 40% in 1Hz reflective mode contrasting to 60Hz in transmissive mode while in black, white, red, green, blue, grey, flicker, crosstalk, checkpixel image. We proved the power consumption can be reduced by even more if IC is well designed. The transflective LCD device supports 256 grey.
P‐110: Spontaneous Direct Printing Method for Solution‐Processed Metal Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Miyakawa Masashi , Nakata Mitsuru , Tsuji Hiroshi , Takei Tatsuya , Tanaka Shuhei , Nakajima Yoshiki
Published: June 2021

Facile printing process for solution‐processed metal oxide thin‐film transistors (TFT) is a promising technology to provide various human interactive devices such as flexible displays and wearable sensors. A simple spontaneous direct printing approach for the electrode (ITO) with directly patterned metal oxide semiconductors (IZO) will be presented.
P‐29: A 5.4Gbps Intra‐Panel Interface with Advanced Integrated‐Stream Protocol for Thin‐Film Transistor Liquid‐Crystal Display Applications
Authors: Chang Yi-Hsiang , Chang Shu-Hao , Wang Hung-Chi , Chen Ya-Fang , Yang Chih-Hsiang
Published: June 2021

This paper describes coding detection, adaptive equalizer, and bit error detection for integrated‐stream protocol (iSP) interface. Coding detection is used for evaluating the data format to ensure the correctness of coding. Adaptive equalizer can adjust equalize step automatically at receiver to compensate channel attenuation. A bit error detector counts the number of error bits in the iSP data stream. An iSP source driver for a TFT‐LCD is presented in this paper. The source driver operates at a rate of up to 5.4Gbps and achieves a timing margin of 0.5UI and a voltage swing of 0.18V.
P‐32: 4K‐UHD Broadcast Monitor Display System Based on FPGA
Authors: Geng Lihua , Wu Congrui , Rao Tianmin , Wang Xian , Duan Ran , Zhang Xiao , Ma Xitong
Published: June 2021

The system introduced by the paper is a 4K‐UHD Broadcast Monitor Display System developed by BOE, it has been applied to a BOE 4K BD‐Cell LCD Broadcast Monitor production. The hardware and software architecture of the system is based on FPGA. The system is the first monitor system which supports up to eight 12G‐SDI interfaces (Eight Inputs and Eight Outputs). The System has a powerful image quality processing engine, including Up‐Scaler, RGB Processor, Gamma Curve Adapter, and especially a real 33*33*33 dimension of 3D‐LUT (Look‐Up Table) which can substantially enhance the display performance. In addition, the system also supports a variety of broadcast monitor functions such as Waveform, Focus Assist, Histogram, and so on.
P‐118: A 10‐Bit Active‐Matrix Display Driver for Passive‐Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Tseng Shih-Hsien , Lu Chih-Wen
Published: June 2021

A 10‐bit active‐matrix display driver with pulse width modulation (PWM) is proposed for driving passive matrix liquid crystal displays. Each display pixel is connected to the corresponding CMOS pixel circuit of the display driver and is driven by the corresponding pixel circuit to achieve more display power efficient and low cost. The pixel circuit includes a set of data latches, a PWM generator, and a buffer for latching pixel image data, converting the image data into PWM signals, and driving corresponding display pixels. The frame rate of the display driver is 100 frames per second, and the clock frequency is 110 KHz. The whole chip area is 3.77 × 2.78 mm2, and the pixel size is 83 × 67 µm2.
P‐36: Effective Cleaning of Glass Substrates
Authors: Walczak Wanda , Smith Nicholas , Venkatachalam Siva
Published: June 2021

Surface contamination is one of the major causes of yield loss, with a unique set of challenges for large display glass sheets that support the industry. Here, we review the use of different cleaning approaches applied to display glasses during manufacturing, discussing the advantages of some choices over others.
P‐37: Research on Modification of Warpage Printing Ink for MiniLED Substrate
Authors: Zhang Bing , Zhang Teng , Geng Xiaolin , Gao Liang , Zhai Ming , Sun Haiwei
Published: June 2021

By changing the ink molecules, Under the condition of ensuring the ink reflectivity, the ink warpage is reduced from 10 mm to less than 0.5 mm, The product specifications and process requirements of the later stage are met.
P‐40: Study of White‐Spot Mura Caused by Static Electricity, with Liquid‐Crystal Formulation Improvement
Authors: Tang Hanting , Chen Zhongtian , Miao Jie , Hsiehb Chung-Ching , Xiao Juncheng , Zhao Bin
Published: June 2021

Aiming at the problem of white spot mura in the production of 55 inch 8K LCD, the root cause investigation and mechanism analysis were carried out, and the method to improve the white spot mura by changing the liquid crystal formula was proposed. First of all, Through time tracing survey and machine location matching survey, it is confirmed that the formation of white spot mura is due to the imbalance of voltage in LC layer caused by the static electricity generated during the vaccum alignment of substrates. Then, by comparing different liquid crystals, we found that polar monomers 1 and 2 have the blocking effect on the electrostatic release of liquid crystals. Finally, it is confirmed that the removal of polar monomer 1,2 can effectively reduce the electrostatic release time of liquid crystal and improve the mura of white spots.
P‐42: New Technology with Best of Both Tape and Liquid Adhesive
Authors: Kaneko Sho , Toda Yoh , Kimura Hitomi , Kenmochi Taro
Published: June 2021

The technology is able to provide good intermediate performance from liquid and tape. Thermo reversible material is able to follow large step, make wide range modulus, and make good uniformity after slit die coating. In addition, the technology keep good optical performance.
P‐45: In‐Ga‐Zn‐Sn‐O Amorphous Films for Transparent Electronics
Authors: Abduev Aslan , Akhmedov Akhmed , Belyaev Victor , Murliev Eldar , Emirov Ruslan , Makhmudov Soslan , Asvarov Abil
Published: June 2021

Results of an investigation of two systems are presented: the ceramic oxide system In2O3‐Ga2O3‐ZnO‐SnO2 (IGZSO) and the metal‐ceramic system (IGZSO)0.98 − (In‐Ga‐Zn‐Sn)0.02. The XRD and SEM methods were used for both systems to study the structure of mechanically activated press powders, targets for sputtering made by the spark plasma sintering of the press powders, and thin films deposited using these targets by dc magnetron sputtering at substrate temperatures of 50 – 300°C. The phase compositions of the sputtered targets, as well as the effect of the presence of a superstoichiometric metal component in the target on structural and functional performances of deposited transparent films were investigated. A high degree of amorphization of the as‐deposited films was found for both types of targets. It has been demonstrated that the amorphous state of the films is stable during heat post‐treatments in air (up to 700°C). At the same time, the thin films were characterized by high thickness uniformity and surface smoothness, i.e., they were free of columnar structure and internal nanopores. Prospects of using IGZSO‐based films in transparent electronics for display applications are reviewed.
P‐117: Analysis of Boundary Image Sticking Mechanism and Model Establishment
Authors: Chi Baolin , Li Lixia , Zhao Guo ,   LAPUTA, Ren Guining , Chen Zhongtian , Hsieh Chung-Ching , Xiao Juncheng , Zhao Bin
Published: June 2021

The article studied the 8K product in the black and white checkerboard test, because the 8K product Pixel design is reduced, the in‐plane circuit is increased, and there is a lateral electric field in the black and white area, which causes the ion to move and form a line afterimage. This article describes the adjustment The DBS voltage forms a vertical electric field in the middle of the pixel, which is similar to adding an example of a moving speed bump to prevent the lateral movement of ions, thereby improving the afterimage at the black and white junction.
P‐112: High‐Efficiency and High‐contrast Automotive LCD Backlight Using an Advanced Light‐Guide with a Multi‐Prism Array (ALMA)
Authors: Yagi Shugo , Kanbayashi Yuichi , Tsubooka Satoshi , Masuda Junichi
Published: June 2021

Since today's trend in automotive displays is toward more, larger and better, LCD backlights have a large potential to play an important role in terms of high‐brightness, high‐contrast and power saving. In this paper, we present an efficient backlight which allows high‐luminance, high‐contrast and low power consumption utilizing our novel collimating control technology.
P‐53: Development of Directly Stacked Dual‐Cell LCD with Mega Contrast
Authors: Zhang Lin , Liao Yanping , Guo Lei , Dai Ke , Li Seungmin , Wang Zhangtao , Shao Xibin
Published: June 2021

The Dual‐Cell LCD product contrast ratio is much higher than normal LCD product and comparable to OLED product. But because of moiré the special pixel design is needed. To enrich the product group and lifetime, after adjusting different refractive index and haze, multi‐function film was studied out for stacking two cells under mass production directly without any special pixel design. Therefore the larger size and higher resolution Dual‐cell LCD product such as 110 inch 8K can realize, and also the cost is lower as well.
P‐56: Razor‐Narrow Border and Under‐Screen Camera 65‐in. 8K Liquid‐Crystal Display
Authors: Ren Wei , Chen Jie , Du Xuan , Wei Hongquan , Long Fen , Li Xiaodan , Li Quan , Song Yanjun , Ching Hsieh Chung , Xiao Juncheng , Zhao Bin
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we showed the razor narrow border (RNB) and under screen camera 65inch 8K LCD display performace, moreover some of the technological bottlenecks of the sample were reviewed. we studied the unlimited narrow border technology design and process how to achieve four side 0.35mm/0.39mm border spec; meanwhile integrated under screen camera function is also be appied in TV LCD display.
P‐59: The Linewidth Gaps for Quantum Dots and Micro LEDs
Authors: Ahmed Khaled
Published: June 2021

The emission linewidth of light emitters such as quantum dots and µLEDs significantly affect their performance in displays, but the gaps between experimental data and the fundamental limits have not been clearly quantified. Here, a survey of experimental data and simple theoretical models are used to delineate large linewidth gaps for both QDs and µLEDs for visible wavelengths. For CdSe QDs the linewidth gap is ~1.5‐3 times the fundamental limit. For InP QDs the linewidth gap is ~2‐4 times the fundamental limit. For GaN‐based µLEDs the gap is ~1.5‐3 times the fundamental linewidth limit. It is also shown that both state‐of‐the‐art OLEDs and GaN LEDs have similar linewidths over the visible wavelength range. Moreover, it is found that one of the value propositions of using inorganic GaN µLEDs (better color gamut) is yet to be demonstrated, and QDs as color conversion for red and green will likely prove beneficial until the “ideal state” of GaN based µLEDs can be proven/solved.
P‐61: Size‐Dependence Characterization of GaN‐Based Green MicroLED
Authors: Zhanghu Mengyuan , Feng Yang , Liu Zhaojun
Published: June 2021

GaN‐based light‐emitting diode (LED) arrays are a promising technology in a wide range of applications. Research on size dependence performance is important in GaN‐based LED. In this paper, we study the electrical properties of 100µm, 150µm, and 200µm devices. The ideal factor is calculated by measuring the current density‐voltage characteristics to study the carrier transport mechanism. It is found that the forward low bias voltage part is mainly composed of recombination current and diffusion current. The current density in the high bias voltage part depends on the current crowding effect. The temperature variation study proves that the ideal factor has no size dependence. Besides, the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum is studied to understand size dependence in GaN internal structure. As the size decreases, the quantum confinement Stark effect (QCSE) will be suppressed, which is proved by the relationship between optical power and turn‐on voltage. These studies indicate that the application of Micro‐LED and even smaller‐sized Micro‐LEDs has unlimited possibilities and broad prospects.
P‐113: Efficiency Enhancement of Quantum dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Via Ligand Exchange
Authors: Wang Haowei , Mei Wenhai , Zhang Zhenqi , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Lu Zhigao , Wu Zhihong , Chen Zhuo , Li Yanzhao , Pei Chen , Zhou Li , Li Xinhuo , Xu Xiaoguang
Published: June 2021

The unique features of solution‐processed quantum dots (QDs) including emission tunability in the visible range, high‐quality saturated color and outstanding intrinsic stability in environment are highly desired in various application fields. Especially, quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are promising light sources for applications in displays. However, the imbalance injection of holes and electrons have always been a challenging issue of QLED. In this study, the modified ligands which is synthesized by ourselves are incorporated into QDs through solution ligand exchange. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of QDs is upshifted from ‐5.65eV to ‐5.35eV, leading to the decrement of the energy gap between the HOMO of QDs and the HOMO of hole transport layer. Through the successful ligands exchange, improvement by factors of 7.5 is achieved in maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) compared with QLED with OA ligands.
P‐66: A Bilayer Encapsulation with High Chemical Stability in Harsh Environments for Environmentally Robust OLEDs
Authors: Jeong So Yeong , Kang Ki Suk , Jeong Eun Gyo , Jeon Yongmin , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: June 2021

To realize OLEDs to operate consistently even in harsh environments such as high temperature/humidity condition or rainy weather, a highly reliable encapsulation was introduced. The encapsulation layer maintained its material properties after being stored in high temperature/humidity environment or water condition. Consequently, the OLED with encapsulation layer demonstrated its consistent opto‐electronic characteristic after water immersion for 3 hours.
P‐67: Foldable Ultra‐High‐Resolution AMOLED Panel with Cascade Display‐Driver Integrated Circuit
Authors: Lee Chen-Hui , Huang Yan-Zhang , Wang Chien-Kuo , Chang Ruo-Lan , Kuo Wen-Yu , Chen Wei-Chung , Chen Kuang-Jung , Chang Chih-Chia
Published: June 2021

Smart portable device equipped with active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display is a trend in modern consumer market. In this paper, we present not only a 15.6‐inch foldable 4K ultra high definition (UHD) resolution of low temperature poly‐silicon thin film transistor (LTPS‐TFT) AMOLED panel, but also a display driver integrated circuit (DDIC) module which integrate the cascade structure and high‐magnification demura 6 times compression technology.
P‐68: A Novel Flexible Substrate Structure to Enhance Temperature, Humidity, and Mechanical Reliability of Flexible AMOLED Devices
Authors: Guo Yuanzheng , Chen Liqiang , Xia Wei , Gao Tao , Zhou Weifeng
Published: June 2021

In foldable and rollable AMOLED displays, the substrate peeling between polyimide layers is becoming a very important issue. In this study, we propose a novel flexible substrate structure to achieve excellent storage & mechanical reliability of the AMOLED devices. The adhesion of sandwich substrate was studied by 180° peel test. A 600% rise in the peel force was observed for PI/SiOx/Al/PI as compare to PI/SiOx/a‐Si/PI. After 60/90 240 hour, the adhesion of PI/SiOx/Al/PI is still 33 gf/mm which can fill the requirements of foldable and rollable displays. The mechanisms of adhesion improvements were discussed.
P‐109: Stress‐Free Folding Hinge for Foldable OLED Display Device
Authors: Han Ho Jung , Cho Won Jin , Lee Seoung Jun , Park Hyun Min , Hwang Insun
Published: June 2021

The core technologies for the foldable display device are a flexible OLED panel, a flexible cover window and a folding hinge. Among them a hinge controls folding motion trajectory of an OLED panel. It is very important for an OLED panel not to apply any additional stress during folding motion. We developed the stress‐free folding (SFF) hinge with a virtual axis structure (VAS). Using SFF hinge we can achieved that the stress on OLED panel during folding is almost same as the free folding stress. As a result, there is no issue on an OLED panel in 200k folding reliability test with SFF hinge. Its torque reduction is less than 20% after 200k folding test.
P‐70: Research of Touch Screen Design with Laser‐Photo Complementary Technology
Authors: Lei Jie , Tian Jian , Guo Zongjie , Xu Zouming , Zhang Jianying
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a new method of touch screen design using laser‐photo complementary technology is proposed, which can avoid fabricating unnecessary bonding area in large size products due to the splicing exposure process [1]. And also, the material of fan‐out area is the same with that in active area in this paper, which can achieve the overall design comparing with Roll‐to‐Roll technology [2] and improve the reliability. Most important of all, this method can meet the demand of different mechanical structures for one product under the condition of no new mask, such as different bonding area, which is significant in saving development costs.
P‐72: New Scheme to Upgrade Fingerprint Recognition using Image generator
Authors: Lee Soon-Gyu , Kim Jin-Woo , Jeong Eui-Young , Choe Won-Jun
Published: June 2021

Dry fingerprints degrade authentication system. Recognition of dry fingerprints can be improved by expanding the template using the model proposed in this paper. Pseudo images not only have features of user's fingerprint, but also predict feature changes of dry fingerprints. Several security measures are applied to minimize side effects.
P‐74: Large‐Area Optical Fingerprint‐Recognition Scheme under LCD Screen
Authors: Ye Xiaowei , Liu Guangkun , Zhang Zhou , Zha Guowei , Liu Guanghui
Published: June 2021

A large‐area optical fingerprint recognition scheme under LCD screen is proposed. The design scheme of the light source is described in detail, and its reliability is verified according to the measured results. In order to improve the fingerprint recognition, a collimating optical path based on micro‐lens array is proposed. The collimating optical path was designed by Zemax and LightTools.
P‐78: Simulator‐Based Efficient Panel Design and Image Retrieval for Under‐Display Cameras
Authors: Qin Zong , Qiu Ruijin , Li Minyi , Yu Xinyi , Yang Bo-Ru
Published: June 2021

Images of an under‐display camera (UDC) are distorted by a transparent display's diffraction. Conventional panel design and image retrieval require high‐cost panel fabrication and time‐consuming image acquisition for deep learning. We utilize a UDC image simulator to perform pixel structure optimization and image retrieval efficiently. Four typical pixel structures are investigated and compared.
P‐79: An Ultra Low Power Optimization Design for TFT‐LCD
Authors: Luo Wencheng , Zhang Jinhong , Fang Xiang , Xin Lan , Lei Sijun , Zhang Zhi , Hou Shuai
Published: June 2021

In order to further reduce the total power consumption of thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT‐LCD) and improve the endurance level of notebook, this paper describes an ultra low power module based on the design of Oxide high transmittance, low power circuit driver and high brightness backlights. It has successfully passed the low‐power certification of Intel LPDT 2.1 and is measured at 0.93@200nit This product can meet the production requirements of 8.5G factory and has passed the reliability test. It has the capacity of mass production and has a high guiding significance for the low‐power products of TFT‐LCD.
P‐80: Enhancement of Ultra‐Narrow‐Border Displays
Authors: Zhou Shixin , Zhao Yongchao , Song Yanjun , Hsieh Chung-Ching , Xiao Juncheng
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we conduct relevant tests on ultra‐narrow border display with light leakage and color shift under wide viewing angle in low gray scale at T0(T0 meas no aging test). When combining the tests results with the simulation results of the LC master, we have comprehensively analyzed the possible causes of light leakage and color shift in low gray scale at T0, and proposed solutions which can be used to enable high quality ultranarrow border displays.
P‐81: Electrically Tunable GRIN Liquid‐Crystal Lenticular Lens Array with Short Focal Length
Authors: Li Rui , Chu Fan , Wang Qiong-Hua
Published: June 2021

An electrically tunable GRIN liquid crystal (LC) lenticular lens array with short focal length is proposed. By using the nematic LC material with large birefringence, the LC lenticular lens array possesses ideal lens‐like phase profile and the shortest focal length of ∼1.72mm when the driving voltage is 6V.
P‐84: Mechanism and Optical Solution of Light Leakage in ADS Mode
Authors: Guo Yuanhui , Shi Xia , Hu Yang , Yang Xiaoguang , Guo Huibin , Gao Yujie , Jiang Peng , Guo Lei , Liao Yanping
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the mechanism of light leakage in Advanced Super Dimension Switch (ADS) mode is proposed. Light leakage is caused by external stress of TFT and CF substrates, and then combining with optical retardation of LC layer. External force and retardation of liquid crystal (LC) layer are two key factors of light leakage. Several optical solutions are introduced for further improvement. Optical performance of L0 and L255 image are discussed.
P‐86: Fast Response VA‐mode Liquid Crystal Using New UV Curing Process
Authors: Zhao Rentang , Wang Yanan , Song Yanjun , Hsieh Chung-Ching , Xiao Juncheng , Zhao Bin
Published: June 2021

The demand of fast response liquid crystal(LC) is rapidly increased for gaming displays with high frame rate. In this paper, the falling time of LC can be decreased significantly by introducing alkenyl compound. The influence of different reactive monomers (RM) and different UV process on reliability of fast response LC was investigated. By the application of hybrid RM and new 365nm UV curing process, a new fast response LC with high reliability has been obtained.
P‐87: Analysis and Validation of TFT‐LCD Horizontal Mura Mechanism
Authors: Shao Yuan , Tang Shi , Yu Chengzhong , He Yifeng , Ching Hsieh Chung , Xiao Juncheng , Zhao Bin
Published: June 2021

In this paper we reported a novel technology to improve Horizontal Mura. The relationship between process/material and horizontal light line is analyzed no matter wet or dry. After a lot of experimental verification and analysis of the mechanism. A method to assess Horizontal Mura risk is developed with corresponding Cu acid standards/process change to ensure product reliability requirements are met.
P‐115: Contrast Ratio Analysis and Improvement of Transparent Waveguide Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Wang Long , Zhou Jian , Peng Yidan , Jia Nanfang , Wang Zhiliang , Liu Zongmin , Sun Tuo , Hou Mengjun , Ma Xiaohui , Duan Liye , Shin Yunho , Qin Guangkui , Li Yanzhao , Zhou Li , Li Xinguo , Xu Xiaoguang , Yang Deng-Ke
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the transparent waveguide liquid crystal display (WLCD) technology attracted a lot of attention for the high transmittance. To further improve the display performance, the contrast ratio was systematically optimized in this work. A coarse‐grained model based on Mie scattering was established to perform the limiting theoretical analysis of the contrast ratio of polymer‐stabilized liquid crystal devices. To improve the contrast ratio, we tried different material formulations and optimized the UV polymerization process, and also applied light shielding layer to suppress metal lines reflection. Finally, the contrast ratio can reach to 18:1. With these improvements and the advantage on transmittance, it is believed that the WLCD technology will be applied in various intelligent IoT systems in the near future.
P‐92: A 12.3‐in. Top‐Emission AMOLED Transparent Display
Authors: Li Qian , Liu Kezhi , Zeng Jia , Hu Wenjie , Lu Hongting , Chen Wenbo , Zhao Shuang , Li Qiang , Lai Zhengde , Zhao Hui , Du Yongqiang , Yu Zhengmao , Li Shanghong , Liang Cuicui , Qi Puyu , Feng Youxiong , Qiu Haijun
Published: June 2021

A 12.3‐inch top‐emission AMOLED transparent display based on LTPS TFT technology was developed. The transmittance of this novel display reached nearly 50% by adopting transparent area and pattern cathode. In addition, the design of auxiliary cathode can effectively reduce power consumption and improve reliability and lifetime of the panel.
P‐103: Non‐Destructive FMM Shadow‐Level Evaluation with Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy
Authors: Yeon Ki Young , Lee Woo Young , Shin Junghan , Park Young Gil , Ahn Nari
Published: June 2021

When OLED materials are depositing on the back‐plane in the evaporation process, they can be mixed in pixels by the FMM shadow. As a result, the luminance is decreased and abnormal display panels are made. Previously, we measured the level of shadow using AFM (atomic force microscopy) technique, but this technique cannot be applied to actual display panel. So we have introduced the FLIM (fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy) technique to identify the cause of the problem. We can analyze the mixed OLED materials using the lifetime of organic materials at a specific wavelength. Finally, we can define the level of shadow and distinguish the normal and abnormal pixels while the general PL (photoluminescence) method cannot measure the shadow. Therefore, this technique is very useful to confirm the shadow level with non‐destructive and high‐resolution imaging.
54‐1: Stretchable Display in the Era of the 4th Industrial Revolution
Authors: Jo Sung-Chan , Hong Jong-Ho
Published: June 2021

Since its first introduction years ago, the concept has developed in various form‐factors and has caught the eyes of the public as a wonderful toy for curious dreamers. The situation has never changed until now in the eyes of many of the entrepreneurs who funded such projects and the comment like fore‐written provoked a necessity for the concepts of practical applications. This presentation portrays what the stretchable display would advance like to complete the new era when automation surrounds mankind in alliance with smart devices. The present and the future of the technology will be also discussed herein.
Industrial control via application containers: Maintaining determinism in IAAS
Authors: Hofer Florian , Sehr Martin , Sangiovanni‐Vincentelli Alberto , Russo Barbara
Published: June 2021

Industry 4.0 is changing data collection, storage, and analysis in industrial processes fundamentally, enabling novel applications such as flexible manufacturing of highly customized products. However, real‐time control of these processes has not yet realized its full potential in using the collected data to drive further development. Indeed, typical industrial control systems are tailored to the plant they need to control, reusing, and adapting to challenge. In the past, the need to solve plant‐specific problems overshadowed the benefits of physically isolating a control system from its plant. We believe that modern virtualization techniques, specifically application containers, present a unique opportunity to decouple control from plants. This separation permits us to fully realize the potential for highly distributed and transferable industrial processes even with real‐time constraints arising from time‐critical subprocesses. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities of shifting industrial control software from dedicated hardware to bare‐metal servers or (edge) cloud computing platforms using off‐the‐shelf technology, that is, technologies commercially available. We present a migration architecture and show, using a specifically developed orchestration tool, that containerized applications can run on shared resources without compromising scheduled execution within given time constraints. Through latency and computational performance experiments, we explore three system setups' limits and summarize lessons learned.
Harmonious or disjointed?: Epistemological framing and its role in an integrated science and engineering activity
Authors: Schellinger Jennifer , Jaber Lama Z. , Southerland Sherry A.
Published: June 2021

Science reforms in national K‐12 science education standards position engineering as a discipline that can be productively integrated into science curricula. This integrated approach presents science as foundational to engineering and engineering as a tool to contextualize and reinforce science ideas such that students come to develop understandings about the natural and engineered worlds. To better understand if integrating engineering into science classrooms achieves the promise described in national reforms, we explored how elementary school students came to understand what is expected of them when asked to engage in an integrated science and engineering unit and whether their understandings represent epistemologically productive ways of integrating the doing of science and engineering. For this purpose, we examined video recordings, transcripts, and classroom artifacts of tasks from a 9‐week unit contextualized in an engineering challenge in which students engaged in activities to explore, design, and build simple circuits devices to develop explanations of energy movement in a circuit. Our findings suggest that an integrated approach may be more problematic than promising; while at times students took up integrated tasks as opportunities to wonder about, question, and explore materials that sparked their interest, their framing of the tasks did not align with the vision for integration called for in current reform documents.