bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxic Bait as an Alternative Tool in the Management of Spodoptera frugiperda in Second Corn Crops
Authors: Justiniano Wagner , Fernandes Marcos Gino , Raizer Josué
Published: February 2021

Managing the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797), has been increasingly difficult owing to the increase in individual resistance to insecticides and genetically modified Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) plants. This study used the attracting and killing method to control FAW adults in the field by spraying Noctovi® with methomyl insecticide. The experiments were conducted in commercial cornfields, non-Bt and Bt crops, over two agricultural years (2018 and 2019) at eight sites distributed in three cities located in the south of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The following six insecticide treatments were used: spraying in continuous bands spaced every 100, 50, and 25 m; intermittent spraying every 25 m; control (without insecticide application); and spraying the entire area with insecticide (positive control). Food bait associated with the insecticide molecule was applied to the crop at vegetative stages V1 and V3, and the adult population size and level of leaf damage caused by the caterpillars (assessed via the Davis scale) were evaluated. The application of toxic bait in bands with spacing less than or equal to 50 m significantly reduced the percentage of damage to the plants, with the effect stronger in Bt crops. We suggest that the control of FAW adult populations would be more efficient if the attracting and killing technique was incorporated in integrated pest management programs for second corn crops.
Agro-morphological Characterization of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids Under Acid Soils in Two Contrasting Environments
Authors: Tekeu Honoré , Ngonkeu M. E. L. , Tandzi Liliane N. , Tagne Appolinaire , Djocgoué Pierre-Francois
Published: February 2021

Acidic soils cover 75 to 80% of the arable soils in the humid forest areas of Cameroon, causing maize yield losses of around 69%. Sixty-four accessions of maize hybrids were developped from “Line × Tester” crosses between twenty tropical inbred lines with three testers (Cam inbgp117, 88069 and 9450) and between testers themselves, and one acid tolerant open pollinated variety (ATP-SR-Y). Those inbred breeding lines were collected from CIMMYT, IITA and IRAD and the derived single hybrids were characterized using agro-morphological maize’s descriptors on a completely randomized block design in two contrasting environments (Nkoemvone and Nkolbisson). The data collected was subjected to multivariate analyses. The Principal Component Analysis showed the first two components being 73.60% and 78.99% of the total variation in Nkoemvone and Nkolbisson, respectively. Furthermore, grain yield showed a positive and highly significant correlation with the plant emergence rate in Nkoemvone (r = 0.61, P < 0.001) and Nkolbisson (r = 0.84, P < 0.001). Hierarchical Clustering Analysis indicated that these accessions forms four distinct groups, where each of the groups showed clear specific features for which the performance differs from that of the others in Nkoemvone and Nkolbisson. Characters such as plant emergence rate, prolificacy, ear appearance and grain yield have been found as important phenotypic markers for assessing agromorphological diversity of maize hybrids. These traits should necessarily be considered in maize breeding programs for varietal discrimination and formulation of cores collection of maize tolerant to aluminum and manganese toxicities in the soil.
Growth and Yield of Corn, Carrot and Onion Treated With Rock Phosphate Organic Fertilizer Grown in Standoff Soil Southern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Onanuga Adebusoye O. , Fat Roy Weasel , Fat Roy M. Weasel
Published: February 2021

An experiment was performed in Standoff, Southern Alberta to investigate resource cheap rock phosphate organic fertilizer application to corn, carrot and onion plots. The objective of the study was to ascertain effectiveness of rock phosphate organic fertilizer to support growth and yield of corn, carrot and onion crops grown in Southern Alberta. The varying levels of rock phosphate at 50 P kg/ha for Low P, 100 P kg/ha for High P and control were applied to corn, carrot and onion plots. These treatments were replicated three times, resulting into nine plants per crop. Agronomical parameters collected were subjected to analysis of variance using Duncan Multiple Range Test for separation of means. Result of the experiment indicated that Low P and High P favoured corn height and number of leaves but did not support other parameters measured due to inadequate rock phosphate applied. It was observed that rock phosphate influenced residual level of P after harvest of corn, carrot and onion. Onion plots had the highest P left in the soil than corn and carrot plots. This studies showed potential of rock phosphate in crop production, if apply in adequate amount and availability of soil moisture, as well as high residual P in the soil after harvest.
The Influence of Lunar Phase on the Germination of Creole Corn in a Controlled Environment
Authors: Silva Alessandra Vieira da , Filho Jamerson Fabio Silva , Wangen Dalcimar Regina Batista , Ferreira Lara Bernardes da Silva , Rezende Brunna Rithielly , Fernandes-Sobrinho Marcos
Published: February 2021

Although the influence of lunar phase on plant growth and development has been disregarded by most researchers, there is still little data in the literature regarding the influence of lunar phase within a controlled environment. Objective evaluates the influence of lunar phase on the germination of creole corn and on seedling development in a controlled environment. The experimental design was completely randomized with the following treatments: four lunar phases (full, waxing, waning and new), with four replications totaling 50 seeds per treatment. The treatments started on the first day of the waxing phase and extended to the full phase within the same month, respecting the germination period (nine days) and the length of each moon phase (roughly seven days). The following parameters were evaluated: germination rate, seedling length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots. Seedlings germinated during the waning lunar phase were longer and had greater fresh root weight and greater fresh and dry shoot weights than did seedlings germinated during the other phases. However, some limiting factors (long term experiments and in different places in the world) must be considered in future research to determine whether moon phase affects germination. Thus, longer-term, controlled, and modeled studies are needed to analyze external factors, which may influence the germination of cultivar seeds.
Characterization and Pathogenicity Test of Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema Species-Kalro
Authors: Ngugi C. N. , Wachira P. M. , Mbaka J. N. , Okoth S. , Haukeland S. , Mburu H. M. , Adhiambo M. , Sirengo D. K.
Published: February 2021

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are worldwide soil-dwelling insect parasitic nematodes. They are potential pest bio-control agents a key component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the pathogenicity of an EPN isolate from Kenya. The nematode was isolated from soils using insect bait technique and both morphological and molecular identification was performed. Efficacy of the isolate was evaluated against Tomato leafminer larvae (Tuta absoluta Meyrick.) using dose-based treatments of 0-control, 100, 150, 200, and 250 infective juveniles (IJs/ml). Morphological analysis revealed body length (L) of 835(659-987) µm and 1781 (1297-2097) µm from fresh IJs and males respectively. Males lacked a mucron. The isolate was characterized by the partial sequence length of 877 bp of the ITS region. Blastn results indicated the EPN isolate had a similarity match of 81-92% with Afro-tropical Steinernema species. It matched with Steinernema sp. (AY230186.1) from Kenya at 92% and Sri Lanka (AY230184.1). Phylogenetic analysis placed the isolate together with Steinernema sp. (AY230186.1) and (AY230184.1) with a bootstrap value of 100%. Maximum mean larval mortality (80%; 96%) was achieved 24 and 48 h post-treatment at concentration 150 IJs/ml. All nematode concentrations achieved over 50% mean mortality after 24 h period. There was a significant difference (P = 0.001) between doses 150 and 200 IJs/ml. From the study, it was concluded that the nematode isolate was Steinernema sp now referred to as Steinernema sp. Kalro (Genebank Accession MW151701). The EPN has the potential for development as a biological control agent against T. absoluta.
Not Just Skin Deep: Multiple Cutaneous Nodules As the First Presenting Sign of Small Cell Cancer
Authors: Garg Avneet , Dhingra Harshi , Jindal Vinita , Kaur Simranjeet , Suri Vijay
Published: February 2021

A 65 years old male, chronic smoker (30 pack years), presented with complaints of dyspnea (mMRC grade2), cough (dry in nature), loss of appetite, loss of weight (> 5 kgs), weakness, bony pains, feverish feeling and easy fatigability for last 2–3 months [...]
APLICAÇÃO DE MACHINE LEARNING NA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE E-MAILS COMO SPAM
Authors: Tais Garcia Furuya Michelle , Elis Garcia Furuya Danielle
Published: February 2021

The e-mail service is one of the main tools used today and is an example that technology facilitates the exchange of information. On the other hand, one of the biggest obstacles faced by e-mail services is spam, the name given to the unsolicited message received by a user. The machine learning application has been gaining prominence in recent years as an alternative for efficient identification of spam. In this area, different algorithms can be evaluated to identify which one has the best performance. The aim of the study is to identify the ability of machine learning algorithms to correctly classify e-mails and also to identify which algorithm obtained the greatest accuracy. The database used was taken from the Kaggle platform and the data were processed bythe Orange software with four algorithms: Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naive Bayes (NB). The division of data in training and testing considers 80% of the data for training and 20% for testing. The results show that Random Forest was the best performing algorithm with 99% accuracy.
Chalcones: Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: McCluskey Adam , Russell Cecilia
Published: February 2021

Chalcones in their various guises have been considered either valid and critically important lead compounds in the development of novel anticancer agents or as pan assay interference compounds, PAINS. Medicinal chemistry is replete with exemplars from both “camps” progressing to clinical utility. Chalcones offer a simple starting point for the development of specific compounds with high levels of activity toward key biological targets. Chalcones have been shown to display a wide array of anticancer compounds. This chapter seeks to offer an overview of key examples in an effort to encourage further reading and research in development in this intriguing space.
Theoretical Study of the Structure and Property of Ionic Liquids as Corrosion Inhibitor
Authors: Tian Guocai , Zhou Weizhong
Published: February 2021

Three sets of ionic liquids such as 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole chloride [Cnmim]Cl, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [Cnmim]Ac and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazole salt [Omim]Y (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, and Y = Cl, BF4, HSO4, Ac and TFO) were used as corrosion inhibitor medium for corrosion protection of carbon steel. Electronic structures and reactivity of these ionic liquids, surface energy and electronic structures of the iron surface were systematically analyzed by density functional theory. By increasing the alkyl chain length of the [Cnmim]Cl and [Cnmim]Ac systems, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (ELUMO), the highest occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO), the softness (S) and polarizability (α) increased gradually, whereas electronegativity (χ), energy gap (ΔE), hardness (η), dipole moment (μ)and electrophilic index (ω) gradually decreased. For the [Omim]Y system, the structure parameters of ionic liquids are quite different, and only the polarizability (α) decreases gradually by increasing the length of the alkyl chain. The results show that inhibition is mainly [Cnmim]+ cations of the [Cnmim]Cl system, and the order of inhibition efficiency follows as [C2mim]Cl < [C4mim]Cl < [C6mim]Cl < [C8mim]Cl. Both [Cnmim]+ cations and the Ac− anion have inhibition effect for the [Xmim]Ac system, and the order of inhibition efficiency is [C8mim]Ac > [C6mim]Ac > [C4mim]Ac > [C2mim]Ac. For the [Omim]Y system, [Xmim]+ cations and anions (BF4−, HSO4−, Ac−, TfO−) have inhibition effect, and the order of inhibition efficiency is [Omim]TfO > [Omim]Ac > [Omim]HSO4 > [Omim]BF4 > [Omim]Cl.
Intoxication by Harmel
Authors: Rachid Djafer
Published: February 2021

Herbal medicine has taken a prominent place in the North African skincare system because of the increased installation of herbalists and healers, but unfortunately most of these do not have the required level to practice this medicine. The Harmel (Peganum harmala L.) belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae, which has 24 genera and 240 species. It is a herbaceous plant, perennial, glabrous, and bushy, from a height of 30–100 cm, with a thick rhizome, its strong, unpleasant odor reminiscent of that of the Rue (Ruta graveolens). The Harmel is a toxic plant widespread in North Africa which has an important place in traditional medicine in several indications. It is used as a sedative, antitussive, antipyretic, antirheumatic, and antihelminthic, and to treat some skin diseases. Harmel is ingested with a glass of water or mixed with honey or pounded with olive oil. The intoxications are mainly due to overdose; the absorption of a quantity of seed greater than a teaspoon causes hallucinations and vomiting. In France, Harmel as well as its compounds (Harmine, Harmaline, Harmol, and harmalol) have been classified among the astonishing substances. The clinical manifestations described in the literature include: digestive disorders, bradycardia; neurological disorders paralysis, central nervous system depression; renal disorders; and in severe cases, dyspnoea and hypothermia and hypotension.
Organizational Insights, Challenges and Impact of Sustainable Development in Developing and Developed Nations
Authors: Imasiku Katundu
Published: February 2021

While developed nations can fully explore various sustainable business models to achieve sustainability, this might not be easy for developing nations because of poor governance systems, characterized by inequality, patronage, and corruption and other challenges. This chapter evaluates organizations as developing and developed nation blocs by first providing insights on how organizations can contribute to the social and environmental sustainability, and second, by highlighting the challenges and approaches for sustainable development. The chapter further unravels the potential for both blocs to grow and achieve sustainability through technology and innovative strategies alongside the opportunities offered by having fast-growing populations and natural resources. To achieve sustainability, a twofold approach comprising the 360-organizational sustainability approaches and advanced sustainability system analysis approach is used. The key societal driving forces in both blocs for exploiting sustainable business practices are governance and institutions, technology and innovation, economy and society, population and behavior, and financing for development which can unlock sustainable business opportunities for sustainable development. To address the business climate challenges, it is inferred that organizations can achieve global sustainability by integrating sustainable production and consumption, biodiversity and ecosystem services, equity and resilience sectors to attain an environmentally and socially governed systems globally.
Organizational Support and Sustainable Entrepreneurship Performance of SMEs, the Moderating Role of Strategic Sustainability Orientation
Authors: Auwal Abdullahi Muhammad , Mohamed Zainalabidin , Nasir Shamsudin Mad , Sharifuddin Juwaidah , Ali Fazlin
Published: February 2021

Small and medium sized enterprises’ (SMEs) activities have contributed significantly to environmental degradation that causes a disastrous effect on us and our future generation. Considering this, sustainable entrepreneurship has been promoted as a resolution of ecological problems capable of addressing climate change issues, public health, and safety concerns, and has become critical for competing in international markets. SMEs activities increased pollution exclusively causing environmental degradation. In response, the world is focusing on ensuring that SMEs produce products through safe and environmentally friendly practices. Literature suggests that organizational support provide SMEs with the impetus to achieve competitive advantage regarding turnover, customer attraction and market share opportunities to achieve business performance. Nonetheless, the implementation of sustainable entrepreneurship among them is still low due to numerous challenges. This paper intends to investigate the influence of organizational support on sustainable entrepreneurship towards performance among SMEs. A case study involving 300 herbal-based SMEs were surveyed using structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model. The results show that organizational support have a positive effect on sustainable entrepreneurship and performance among the SMEs, accounting for 52% and 47% variance respectively. This finding reveals that organizational support is significantly related to entrepreneurship performance, thus substantiates previous findings on the crucial roles of organizational support in enabling organizations to achieve sustainable entrepreneurship performance. This study contributes to triple bottom line literature based on incorporation of strategic choice theory, strategic sustainability orientation and resource-based view theory in entrepreneurship framework.
Utilization of Magnesium for the Treatment of Chronic Pain
Authors: Urits Ivan , Jung Jai Won , Amgalan Ariunzaya , Fortier Luc , Anya Anthony , Wesp Brendan , Orhurhu Vwaire , Cornett Elyse M , Kaye Alan D. , Imani Farnad , Varrassi Giustino , Liu Henry , Viswanath Omar
Published: February 2021

Context: The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines chronic pain as pain that persists or recurs for longer than 3 months. Chronic pain has a significant global disease burden with profound effects on health, quality of life, and socioeconomic costs. Evidence Acquisition: Narrative review. Results: There are several treatment options, including pharmacological therapy, physical rehabilitation, psychological therapies, and surgical interventions, for chronic pain management. Magnesium has been FDA-approved for several indications including hypomagnesemia, arrhythmia, prevention of seizures in eclampsia/preeclampsia, and constipation. Magnesium has been used for numerous off-label uses, notably for acute and chronic pain management. The mechanism of magnesium in pain management is primarily through its action as a voltage-gated antagonist of NMDA receptors, which are involved in pain transduction. Conclusions: This narrative review will focus on the current evidence and data surrounding the utilization of magnesium as a treatment option for chronic pain.
Physical Activity, Anthropometric Characteristics, and Quality of Life of Middle-Aged Women Living in Rural and Nomadic Areas of Kermanshah Province
Authors: Hoseini Rastegar , Rahmani Nariman , Hoseini Zahra , Bahmani Elahe , Ahmadi Darmian Mahsa , Hoseini Mehry , Khaksar Haghani Zohreh , Rahimzadeh Mehdi
Published: February 2021

Background: High physical activity level (PAL) and anthropometric characteristics (AC) are positively associated with quality of life (QoL). Several studies have investigated rural-urban differences in PAL, AC, and QoL. However, cultural and geographical differences have not been studied yet. Objectives: This study aimed to examine PAL, AC, and QoL of middle-aged women living in rural and nomadic Areas of Kermanshah province (Sarpol-e-Zahab, Paveh, and Kangavar cities). Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, using the multi-stage (Cluster) sampling techniques, 1635 nomadic rural women from three cities of Kermanshah province (Sarpol-e Zahab (n = 609); Paveh (n = 480) and Kangavar (n = 546)) were volunteered. After filling out the consent form, the PAL and QOL questionnaires were completed and anthropometric parameters were measured. The PAL was assessed using the Baecke physical activity questionnaire, and the QOL was measured by the QoL Questionnaire (short-form-SF-12). Results: The findings showed that BW, BMI, BFP, and WHR were 68.01 ± 14.90, 27.46 ± 5.33, 29.41 ± 9.28, and 0.91 in Sarpol-e Zahab; 67.90 ± 15.56, 27.88 ± 17.85, 33.03 ± 11.97, and 0.93 in Paveh; and 69.24 ± 14.74, 28.31 ± 5.59, 30.91 ± 11.67, and 0.92 in Kangavar, respectively. In Paveh city, the PAL and QOL (14.37 ± 5.10; 23.08 ± 2.32; P = 0.001, respectively) were significantly higher than Kangavar (12.23 ± 3.18; 20.28 ± 3.32) and Sarpol-e-Zahab (10.57 ± 6.11; 16.24 ± 7.22) cities. A significant association was found between PAL and QOL (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings, increasing the PAL of middle-aged women might improve QoL and AC.
Touching history: Activating historical materials and enhancing inclusivity in the library
Authors: Ching Steve , New Brad
Published: February 2021

In recent decades there have been great efforts by librarians to integrate digital infrastructure and resources within academic libraries. Over the past two decades, important steps have been taken in Hong Kong towards historical and cultural preservation. However, it is crucial that users engage with these resources. When compared with contemporary tools and platforms of research favored by students nowadays, such as Google or Wikipedia, accessing and analyzing primary resources, whether digital or physical, is not a particularly easy or convenient task for students who have not been trained to do so.
“Prefacio” a E. Husserl, "Textos breves (1887-1936)", Salamanca, Sígueme, 2019, 716 pp.
Authors: Zirión Quijano Antonio , Serrano de Haro Agustín
Published: February 2021

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Sara Fumagalli: "Wege zu einer neuen Phänomenologie: Landgrebe, Fink und Patocka im Dialog", Würzburg, Ergon-Verlag. Studien zur Phänomenologie und praktischen Philosophie, 2017, 151 pp.
Authors: Expósito Ropero Noé
Published: February 2021

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Ricardo Parellada: "El orgullo ¿vicio o virtud?" Madrid, Editorial Síntesis, 2019, 332 pp.
Authors: Rodríguez Sonia E.
Published: February 2021

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Ovarian Cancer, Version 2.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: Armstrong Deborah K. , Alvarez Ronald D. , Bakkum-Gamez Jamie N. , Barroilhet Lisa , Behbakht Kian , Berchuck Andrew , Chen Lee-may , Cristea Mihaela , DeRosa Maria , Eisenhauer Eric L. , Gershenson David M. , Gray Heidi J. , Grisham Rachel , Hakam Ardeshir , Jain Angela , Karam Amer , Konecny Gottfried E. , Leath Charles A. , Liu Joyce , Mahdi Haider , Martin Lainie , Matei Daniela , McHale Michael , McLean Karen , Miller David S. , O’Malley David M. , Percac-Lima Sanja , Ratner Elena , Remmenga Steven W. , Vargas Roberto , Werner Theresa L. , Zsiros Emese , Burns Jennifer L. , Engh Anita M.
Published: February 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in the United States and is the country’s fifth most common cause of cancer mortality in women. A major challenge in treating ovarian cancer is that most patients have advanced disease at initial diagnosis. These NCCN Guidelines discuss cancers originating in the ovary, fallopian tube, or peritoneum, as these are all managed in a similar manner. Most of the recommendations are based on data from patients with the most common subtypes─high-grade serous and grade 2/3 endometrioid. The NCCN Guidelines also include recommendations specifically for patients with less common ovarian cancers, which in the guidelines include the following: carcinosarcoma, clear cell carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, low-grade serous, grade 1 endometrioid, borderline epithelial, malignant sex cord-stromal, and malignant germ cell tumors. This manuscript focuses on certain aspects of primary treatment, including primary surgery, adjuvant therapy, and maintenance therapy options (including PARP inhibitors) after completion of first-line chemotherapy.
texto al contra-texto
Authors: Garayalde Nicolas Esteban
Published: February 2021

¿Qué es un texto? ¿Se pueden conocer los textos? ¿Existen? ¿Cuáles son sus límites?

En los últimos veinticinco años, los estudios literarios franceses parecen estar sufriendo una transformación paradigmática que implica una reconceptualización de la noción de texto (antiguamente pensado como una unidad orgánica), cuyo estallido se produjo en gran parte tras el surgimiento de las teorías de la recepción y de la deconstrucción.

Este nuevo paradigma considera el texto como un objeto móvil cuyos límites (externos e internos) son difíciles de precisar. En este artículo, nos concentraremos en el impacto que ciertas teorías psicoanalíticas de la lectura han tenido sobre el modo de pensar el texto, su espacio y sus límites externos, y las consecuencias que esto ha tenido para la crítica literaria. Para ello, nos focalizaremos especialmente en la noción de contra-texto.

What is a text? Can we know texts? Do texts exist? What are the limits of texts?

In the last twenty-five years, French literary studies seem to be undergoing a paradigmatic transformation that implies a reconceptualization of the notion of text (formerly thought of as an organic unit), whose outbreak occurred largely after the emergence of reception theories and deconstruction.

This new paradigm conceives text as a mobile object whose limits (external and internal) are difficult to specify. In this article, we will focus on the impact that certain psychoanalytic theories of reading have had on the way of thinking the concept of text, its space and its external limits, and the consequences this has had for literary criticism. For this, we will focus especially on the notion of counter-text.

Qu'est-ce qu'un texte? Peut-on les connaître ? Existent-ils ? Quelles sont ses limites?

Au cours des vingt-cinq dernières années, les études littéraires françaises semblent avoir subi une transformation paradigmatique qui implique une reconceptualisation de la notion de texte (autrefois considéré comme une unité organique), dont l'éclosion s'est produite en grande partie après l'apparition des théories de la réception et de la déconstruction.

Ce nouveau paradigme, pensons-nous, considère le texte comme un objet mobile dont les limites (externes et internes) sont difficiles à définir. Dans cet article, nous nous concentrerons sur l'impact de certaines théories psychanalytiques de la lecture sur la façon de penser le texte, son espace et ses limites externes, ainsi que sur les conséquences en résultant pour la critique littéraire. Pour cela, nous allons nous intéresser plus particulièrement à la notion de contre-texte.
Approche narratologique à la transmodalisation de "Carmen": du récit littéraire à l’opéra
Authors: Robin Mathilde
Published: February 2021

Este artículo presenta un estudio entre la novela Carmen de Mérimée y la ópera de Bizet desde una perspectiva comparatista. Ello permitirá entender el proceso de transmodalización y de mitificación, así como la diferencia de éxito entre hipotexto e hipertexto. Para ello, se analizará el tratamiento de los actantes de la ópera en comparación con los de la novela. Se incidirá sobre todo en el enriquecimiento aportado por la transmodalización.

This article presents a study between the Mérimée’s novel Carmen and its Bizet’s homonym opera from a comparatist perspective, to understand the transmodalisation and mythification process, and also the difference of success between hypotext and hypertext. To that end, it analyses the treatment of the opera’s actants in comparison with the novel’s actants, but it highlights above all the enhancement brought by the transmodalisation.

Cet article présente une étude entre la nouvelle Carmen de Mérimée et l'opéra homonyme de Bizet depuis une perspective comparatiste. Cela permettre de comprendre le processus de transmodalisation et de mythification, ainsi que la différence de succès entre l'hypotexte et l'hypertexte. Dans ce but, nous analyserons le traitement des actants de l'opéra en comparaison avec celui de la nouvelle. Nous démarquerons surtout l'enrichissement apporté par la transmodalisation.
"Azul mortal", Maryse Renaud
Authors: Pujante Segura Carmen María
Published: February 2021

Con la lectura de Azul mortal, última novela de Maryse Renaud, se descubren no pocas sorpresas. Ese azul va a evocar el cielo y el mar, en este caso, los de la isla caribeña de la Martinica pero en esa novela, en cuya portada blanca se imprime un gran círculo azul, va a ser un color de muerte, un color letal. A la isla de Ultramar de la que es oriundo el protagonista, Albert, va a regresar después de años en Francia en busca de la explicación de un intento de asesinato, lo cual a su vez va a desembocar en la dilucidación detectivesca de la muerte de otra persona en el contexto político de la isla en los años 60. Ese contexto o ambientación podría no resultar exótico o distante para los lectores familiarizados con la literatura francófona antillana, pero no deja de representar una rareza que Maryse Renaud haya publicado este tipo de novela en español. Nacida en la capital martiniquesa en 1947, reside gran parte de su vida en Francia, donde ha enseñado literatura hispanoamericana como Catedrática de la Universidad de Poitiers; desde el año 2009 lleva escritas seis obras, publicadas bien España bien en Argentina, para las cuales escoge la lengua española, que profundamente conoce y admira.
mujeres vegetales, vegetarianas y caníbales en el universo womanista de Maryse Condé
Authors: ALONSO MORENO Marta Asunción
Published: February 2021

Primeramente, nos proponemos analizar las reacciones de las heroínas condeanas ante las múltiples dinámicas de opresión y los variados mecanismos de las violencias patriarcales. Intentaremos ver hasta qué punto sus diferentes modos de encarnar una cierta resiliencia femenina permite clasificarlas en categorías o arquetipos actanciales. 

Esto nos llevará al estudio de las imágenes vegetales de las mujeres "potomitan", las "mujeres bambú / junco" y las "mujeres-frutipán" condeanas.

En un segundo momento, alaizaremos las implicaciones poéticas y políticas de dos modelos femeninos antagónicos que hemos bautizado inspirándonos de la propia dialéctica condeana. A saber: las "re-productoras" o "vegetarianas" versus las "productoras" o "caníbales".

Para ello, partiremos de un esbozo de la problemática relativa al hipotético feminismo condeano (?) y de una aproximación a la fértil noción del "womanismo" de Maryse Condé (PRAEGER, 2010).  

The aim of this paper would be to identify how the heroines of Maryse Condé’s works react to the multiple dynamics of oppression and to the varied forms of patriarchal violence. We will try to see if their different ways of showing feminine resilience allow us to classify them into categories or actantial archetypes.

We will first study the images of potomitan women, « bamboo women » and « breadfruit-women ». In a second step, we intend to analyze the poetic and political implications of two antagonistic female models that we have named after Condé’s dialectics : the « re-producers » or « vegetarians » versus the « producers » or « cannibals ».

Ir order to do this, we will start from an introduction to the problem of Condé’s feminism (?) and from an approximations to the fertile notion of Condé’s « womanism » (PRAEGER, 2010).
pluridimensionalidad lingüístico-cultural del relato condeano: la Bruja de Salem y su imaginario criollo
Authors: Carrión González Paola
Published: February 2021

La escritura condeana constituye un ejemplo evidente de literatura poscolonial antillana, donde la dimensión social merece especial atención, al confluir en ella las problemáticas y consecuencias más relevantes del proceso de la colonización: esclavitud, estratificación social, exilio identitario, espiritualidad y creencias y en particular las cuestions relacionadas con la mujer, concebida aquí como modelo del sujeto subalterno, protagonista indiscutible en el relato de Condé. La descripción de estos elementos, a su vez enmarcados en un entorno natural sin precedentes, se sumerge en un fenómeno de hibridación lingüística, como resultado del mestizaje de múltiples comunidades poblacionales, que dota a la narración de unidades creolizadas, neologismos, expresiones idiomáticas y toda una serie de mecanismos lingüísticos que hacen de su escritura un melting pot literario y todo un desafío para la traducción.  

Condé’s writing is one of the most relevant examples of post-colonial literature. In this context, the social dimension deserves special attention, as it represents the intersection between the main difficulties stemming from West Indies colonization: slavery, social stratification, identity exile, religion and in particular, women’s issues. In this regard, the woman is undestood as a subaltern subject and she constitutes the undeniable protagonist of Condé’s story. Surrounded by a striking landscape, the description of all these elements is immersed in a linguistic hybridization, as a result of miscegenation of different communities. Thereby, the story has plenty of creolized words, neologisms, idiomatic expressions and a range of linguistic mechanisms that turn this narrative into a literary melting pot and into a real translation challenge. 

L’écriture condéenne constitue un exemple clair de littérature postcoloniale antillaise, où la dimension sociale est particulièrement digne d’attention, étant donné la convergence des principales problématiques et conséquences liées au processus de colonisation : esclavage, stratification sociale, exile identitaire, univers de croyances et notamment, les questions relatives à la femme, conçue ici comme l’archétype de la subalternité, héroïne indéniable du récit de Condé. La description de ces facteurs, inscrite à son tour dans un milieu naturel incomparable, se plonge dans une hybridation linguistique, résultat du métissage de plusieurs communautés, qui couvre le récit d’unités créolisées, néologismes, expressions idiomatiques et de toute une série de mécanismes linguistiques qui transforment cette prose en un melting pot littéraire et en un défi vis-à-vis de la traduction.
conciencia pragmática en estudiantes avanzados de francés lengua extranjera: un estudio empírico .
Authors: Ruiz de Zarobe Leyre
Published: February 2021

La composante pragmatique est une composante de la compétence communicative qui a acquis une importance croissante dans les dernières années pour les apprenants de langues étrangères, dont le français, en raison du besoin pour ces apprenants de devenir communicativement compétents dans un monde globalisé et internationalisé. Cependant, cette compétence est peu présente dans l´enseignement du français langue étrangère (FLE), ce qui mène à s´interroger si les apprenants ont une conscience pragmatique de la langue étrangère, car cette conscience joue un rôle déterminant dans son acquisition. L´objet de notre étude est de mener une recherche empirique afin d´examiner le niveau de conscience pragmatique d´étudiants espagnols avancés de FLE. Nos résultats montrent que cette conscience ne va de pair avec leur niveau linguistique, ce qui nous conduit à signaler le besoin de renforcer l´enseignement de cette compétence dans l´enseignement du FLE.

The importance of pragmatic competence, which is part of communicative competence, has increased in recent years for foreign language learners in order to help them become communicative competent in a globalised and internationalised world. Nevertheless, this competence is not very present in French as a foreign language (FLE) teaching which leads us to question if learners have pragmatic awareness in the foreign language as this pragmatic awareness plays a key role in its acquisition. The aim of this study is to examine the pragmatic awareness of Spanish advanced students in FLE. Our results show that their pragmatic awareness doenot correlate with their linguistic proficiency, which leads us to reinforce the importance of teaching pragmatic competence in FLE.
Mise en scène du moi érotique, variations autobiographiques et jeux littéraires dans "Journal intime" de Lydia Vázquez
Authors: Tremblais Mathilde
Published: February 2021

Este artículo propone interesarse por la obra de Lydia Vázquez, Journal intime (2019), un texto de carácter autobiográfico que se inscribe plenamente en el ámbito de la literatura erótica. La retórica propia de las escrituras del Yo que presenta el relato será estudiada y tanto la estructura narrativa como las modalidades formales y discursivas darán lugar a una reflexión. Se dedicará un espacio preferente al análisis del pacto autobiográfico que la autora establece con su lector. La especificidad del erotismo femenino será tratada a través de la visión que la autora ofrece de un erotismo que tiende hacia la expresión artística de la post-pornografía. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar la singularidad que distingue la obra de Lydia Vázquez en el paisaje de la literatura erótica contemporánea de lengua francesa.
Itinéraire erratique et mutation identitaire dans "Desirada" de M. Condé
Authors: Eyenga Onana Pierre Suzanne
Published: February 2021

¿De qué manera el fenómeno de la inmigración hace que los migrantes cambien su identidad psicológica, socioprofesional y cultural hasta el punto de convertirse en híbridos? Basado en la sociocrítica de Henri Mitterand, este estudio está organizado en tres partes. En primer lugar, mostramos cómo la inmigración resulta ser un escollo en el proceso de construcción de la identidad del migrante, así como un trampolín para reinventarse en el espacio extranjero. A continuación, miramos la dimensión estética que nos permite captar la novela principalmente como una obra de arte y no como un libro de texto de historia. Por último, ilustramos que la identidad, en la obra de Condé, resulta de la suma de las culturas que el migrante encuentra a lo largo de su errático itinerario.

How does the phenomenon of immigration cause migrants to change their psychological, socio-professional and cultural identities to such an extent that they become hybrids? Based on Henri Mitterand’s sociocriticism, this study is organized in three parts. First, we show how immigration proves to be a stumbling block in the migrant's identity-building process, as well as a springboard for reinventing oneself in the foreign space. Then we look at the aesthetic dimension that allows us to grasp the novel above all as a work of art and not a history textbook. Finally, we illustrate that identity, in Condé's case, results from the sum of the cultures that the migrant encounters throughout his or her erratic itinerary.

Comment le phénomène de l’immigration engendre-t-il chez les migrants des mutations identitaires aux plans psychologique, socioprofessionnel et culturel au point d’en faire des êtres hybrides ? Se fondant sur la sociocritique d’Henri Mitterand, la présente étude s’organise en trois parties. D’abord, nous montrons comment l’immigration s’avère un écueil dans le processus de construction identitaire du migrant, autant qu’un tremplin pour la réinvention de soi-même dans l’espace étranger. Ensuite, nous nous intéressons à la dimension esthétique qui permet de saisir le roman avant tout comme une œuvre d’art et non un manuel d’histoire. Enfin, nous illustrons que l’identité, chez Condé, résulte de la somme des cultures auxquelles se confronte le migrant tout au long de son itinéraire erratique.
Des stéréotypes des hommes et de femmes noirs dans "Brin d’amour" et "Histoire de la femme cannibale", entre continuité et désir de changement
Authors: Pisa Cañete María Teresa
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar, desde una perspectiva contrastiva, los estereotipos de los negros y de las negras en las novelas Brin d’amour y Histoire de la femme cannibale, de Raphaël Constant y Maryse Condé, dos escritores antillanos contemporáneos. Tras la presentación del marco metodológico, el análisis muestra los elementos que componen esos estereotipos, como las acciones y los pensamientos de los personajes, así como las relaciones entre ellos. Además, los personajes de cada novela representan actitudes opuestas sobre la realidad representada, lo que da lugar a una antítesis ideológica. Esto también ocurre entre las protagonistas de las dos novelas: Lysiane y Rosélie. La primera, desde el principio, simboliza la indignación y la revuelta contra las condiciones de la mujer, mientras que la segunda se identifica con la inseguridad y la sumisión. Sin embargo, al final las dos lucharán por la libertad. Estas dos novelas pueden ser consideradas como actos literarios de oposición a la discriminación de las personas negras y de las mujeres.

The purpose of this paper is to study, from a comparative perspective, the stereotypes of Black People and Black Women in the novels Brin d’amour and Histoire de la femme cannibale, by Raphaël Constant and Maryse Condé, two Antillean contemporary writers. After having introduced the methodological frame, the analysis will show the elements those stereotypes consist of, such as the actions and thoughts of characters and their relationships. Besides, characters of each novel will represent opposite views of the depicted reality, which results in an ideological antithesis. This is also the case between the main character of the two novels: Lysiane and Rosélie. The first, from the beginning, symbolises indignation and revolt against women conditions, white the second identifies herself with lack of confidence and submission. However, in the end both characters will fight for freedom. These two novels can be considered as literary acts opposed to discrimination against black people and women.
Mapping the movements against “gender ideology” across Europe
Authors: Occhino Molly
Published: February 2021

No abstract
The Uses of Use
Authors: Jydebjerg Camilla Sabroe
Published: February 2021

No abstract
Proteção do ambiente na Constituição Federal de 1988 e proibição de retrocesso: o caso dos Programas de Regularização Ambiental
Authors: Sarlet Ingo Wolfgang , Leal Augusto Antônio Fontanive
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo pretende investigar a respeito da eventual inconstitucionalidade dos instrumentos adotados pelos Programas de Regularização Ambiental (PRA) em virtude dos vácuos de proteção possibilitados pelo assim chamado Novo Código Florestal Brasileiro, em face do Código Florestal de 1965. A hipótese que se enuncia e busca confirmar, ao final da análise, é a da inconstitucionalidade de diversas das medidas adotadas, visto atentarem contra as exigências do princípio da proibição de retrocesso ambiental. Para tanto, após uma breve explanação acerca dos PRA, bem como sobre as matérias constitucionais relativas ao direito e dever fundamental de proteção e promoção ambiental, destaque para o problema da proibição de retrocesso, serão enfrentados os principais pontos controversos relativos aos PRA, à vista das alterações levadas a efeito pela reforma da legislação florestal brasileira.
On the crossing numbers of join products of W_{4}+P_{n} and W_{4}+C_{n}
Authors: Staš Michal , Valiska Juraj
Published: February 2021

The crossing number \(\mathrm{cr}(G)\) of a graph \(G\) is the minimum number of edge crossings over all drawings of \(G\) in the plane. The main aim of the paper is to give the crossing number of the join product \(W_4+P_n\) and \(W_4+C_n\) for the wheel \(W_4\) on five vertices, where \(P_n\) and \(C_n\) are the path and the cycle on \(n\) vertices, respectively. Yue et al. conjectured that the crossing number of \(W_m+C_n\) is equal to \(Z(m+1)Z(n)+(Z(m)-1) \big \lfloor \frac{n}{2} \big \rfloor + n+ \big\lceil\frac{m}{2}\big\rceil +2\), for all \(m,n \geq 3\), and where the Zarankiewicz's number \(Z(n)=\big \lfloor \frac{n}{2} \big \rfloor \big \lfloor \frac{n-1}{2} \big \rfloor\) is defined for \(n\geq 1\). Recently, this conjecture was proved for \(W_3+C_n\) by Klešč. We establish the validity of this conjecture for \(W_4+C_n\) and we also offer a new conjecture for the crossing number of the join product \(W_m+P_n\) for \(m\geq 3\) and \(n\geq 2\).
Effective Judicial Protection: some recent developments – moving to the essence
Authors: Prechal Sacha
Published: February 2021

This article looks briefly into the evolution of the principle of effective judicial protection in EU law and into the relationship between the different manifestations of that principle, which is by now given expression in Article 47 CFR, Article 19 TEU and various provisions of secondary
law. Next, it focusses on recent developments in the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU, which concern two central aspects of the principle of effective judicial protection: the compliance with court judgments and the independence of the judiciary. As far as the first topic is concerned,
two rather extreme cases addressed the issue what should be done, as a matter of EU law, in situations where a public authority refuses to comply with a final judicial decision. Then the article continues by discussing the independence of the judiciary as a key rationale for the principle
of effective protection. In particular, it summarizes the increasingly detailed requirements to be satisfied in order to protect the independence of judges and indicates how an alleged lack of independence should be assessed in a concrete case.
Screening of Natural Product and Natural Product like Molecules against SARS–CoV–2 Main Protease Using Molecular Modeling Methods
Authors: Akgün Ismail Hakki
Published: February 2021

Objective: To determine possible MPro enzyme inhibitors by using structure-based virtual screening methods, in the ZINC Biogenic Data Set containing natural products and natural product-like molecules.

Materials and Methods: QVina, an AutoDockVina derivative, was used in virtual screening operations, GROMACS in molecular dynamics studies and SwissAdme server in ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) calculations. KNIME (Konstanz Information Miner) and ChemAxon software were used for filtering data and creating three-dimensional structures of the molecules.

Results: Seven out of totally screened 51535 natural products or natural products like molecules were identified as possible candidate to be used as SARS–CoV–2 Main Protease (MPro) enzyme inhibitors based on the results obtained from structure based virtual screening and ADME models.

Conclusion: Among the seven potent molecules, two of them (ZINC000604382012 and ZINC000514288074) were selected as candidate molecules for further studies according to the results obtained from g_mmpbsa simulations and synthetic accessibility models. In addition, a workflow has been established to identify novel or potent Mpro enzyme inhibitors.