bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transmission and refutation of organisational rumours: Consumer identification and processing types
Authors: Grover Aditi , Foreman Jeff , Hsieh Meng‐Hua
Published: April 2019

If consumers accept rumours without verifying them, considerable damage to individuals or organisations could result. By applying the appraisal theory of emotions, this article provides a framework for clarifying rumour communications by people who identify strongly or weakly with an organisation that is the object of a rumour. Study 1 reveals that when people identify strongly with the rumour object and hear an important rumour, they spread positive information more readily than negative information. They are also more likely to transmit information of high (vs. low) importance when the rumour is positive. Conversely, weak identifiers are equally likely to spread positive and negative information, regardless of importance. Study 2 incorporates a heuristic‐systematic model and demonstrates that strong identifiers process refutations systematically when those refutations refer to a positive, less important rumour. Conversely, they process refutation information heuristically if they confront positive, important rumours or if they receive a refutation of a negative rumour. Identification with the rumour object affects its spread, but rumour objects can develop refutation strategies to halt the spread of negative rumours or encourage the spread of positive rumours about the organisation. Rumour refutation efforts cannot be generalised but instead should be targeted according to consumers' strong or weak identification.
Biocatalytic Protein‐Based Materials for Integration into Energy Devices
Authors: Sánchez‐deAlcázar Daniel , Velasco‐Lozano Susana , Zeballos Nicoll , López‐Gallego Fernando , Cortajarena Aitziber L.
Published: April 2019

There is a current need to fabricate new biobased functional materials. Bottom‐up approaches to assemble simple molecular units have shown promise for biomaterial fabrication due to their tunability and versatility for the incorporation of functionalities. Herein, the fabrication of catalytic protein thin films by the entrapment of catalase into protein films composed of a scaffolding protein is demonstrated. Extensive structural and functional characterization of the films provide evidence of the structural integrity, order, stability, catalytic activity, and reusability of the biocatalytic materials. Finally, these functional biomaterials are coupled with piezoelectric disks to fabricate a second generation of bio‐inorganic generators. These devices are capable of producing electricity from renewable fuels through catalase‐driven gas production that mechanically stimulates the piezoelectric material.
Left internal mammary artery to pulmonary artery fistula causing coronary steal syndrome: A review of literature on therapy, intervention, and management
Authors: Olson Peter C. , Spagnola Jonathan , Nalluri Nikhil , Tamburrino Frank
Published: April 2019

Coronary artery anomalies (CAA) are anatomical aberrations in the origin, structure, and course of the epicardial arteries. Literature has detailed common anomalies or fistulas formed because of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) manipulation of intrathoracic vessels. Despite the commonality of the CABG procedure, there are a few CAA and fistula findings which remain extremely rare. We present a case of left internal mammary artery to pulmonary artery fistula causing coronary steal syndrome that presented symptomatically as a malignant arrhythmia. Following a literature review of therapy, intervention, and management we recommend a team based approach when faced with this extremely rare case presentation. The goal of management should to reduce symptoms, and ischemia, by reducing or stopping flow through the fistula and out of the coronary blood supply.
Recognizing the unusual findings: Cases of desiderosmia
Authors: Yanardag Acik Didar
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical Message

Iron deficiency anemia may cause a desire to smell. This has not been well defined by clinicians. In the cases we present, we have shown that there may be a desire to smell in iron deficiency anemia. We wanted to attract the attention of clinicians.
Reactivity of Nickel(II) Porphyrins in oCVD Processes—Polymerisation, Intramolecular Cyclisation and Chlorination
Authors: Bengasi Giuseppe , Baba Kamal , Back Oliver , Frache Gilles , Heinze Katja , Boscher Nicolas D.
Published: April 2019

Oxidative chemical vapour deposition of (5,15‐diphenylporphyrinato)nickel(II) (NiDPP) with iron(III) chloride as oxidant yielded a conjugated poly(metalloporphyrin) as a highly coloured thin film, which is potentially useful for optoelectronic applications. This study clarified the reactive sites of the porphyrin monomer NiDPP by HRMS, UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and EPR spectroscopy in combination with quantum chemical calculations. Unsubstituted meso positions are essential for successful polymerisation, as demonstrated by varying the porphyrin meso substituent pattern from di‐ to tri‐ and tetraphenyl substitution. DFT calculations support the proposed radical oxidative coupling mechanism and explain the regioselectivity of the C−C coupling processes. Depositing the conjugated polymer on glass slides and on thermoplastic transparent polyethylene naphthalate demonstrated the suitability of the porphyrin material for flexible optoelectronic devices.
3D printed NMR spectra: From 1D and 2D acquisition to 3D visualization
Authors: Bakker Michael , Boyd Ben , Meints Gary A.
Published: April 2019

Visualization of two‐dimensional and relaxation NMR spectra can be difficult for students new to the subject. Educators have utilized 3D printing previously to demonstrate concepts such as potential energy surfaces and molecular orbitals, but this technology has yet to be used to create a visual model of NMR data. In order to address this, we have developed an approach for creating 3D printed models of two‐dimensional and inversion recovery spectra, which can then be used as an innovative teaching tool. This was done by converting raw FT NMR data into a 3D data graph using Mathematica. This graph is then converted into stereolithography format and printed using a 3D printer. These physical models will allow students to better understand the complex information presented in these NMR spectra.
Examining the Structure Sensitivity of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Pt Single‐Crystal Electrodes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Bizzotto Francesco , Ouhbi Hassan , Fu Yongchun , Wiberg Gustav K. H. , Aschauer Ulrich , Arenz Matthias
Published: April 2019

In the present work we investigate the structure sensitivity of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) combining electrochemistry, in situ spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The intrinsic difficulty of such studies is the fact that at electrode potentials where the OER is observed, the electrode material is highly oxidized. As a consequence, the surface structure during the reaction is in general ill‐defined and only scarce knowledge exists concerning the structure‐activity relationship of this important reaction. To alleviate these challenging conditions, we chose as starting point well‐defined Pt single‐crystal electrodes, which we exposed to well‐defined conditioning before studying their OER rate. Using this approach, a potential region is identified where the OER on Pt is indeed structure‐sensitive with Pt(100) being significantly more active than Pt(111). This experimental finding is in contrast to a DFT analysis of the adsorption strength of the reaction intermediates O*, OH*, and OOH* often used to plot the activity in a volcano curve. It is proposed that as a consequence of the highly oxidizing conditions, the structure‐sensitive charge‐transfer resistance through the interface determines the observed reaction rate.
Exact SEP and performance bounds for orthogonal space‐time block codes in cooperative multiantenna AF relaying networks
Authors: Jeong Ui‐Seok , Ryu Gi‐Hoon , Jang Dong‐Sun , Ko Kyunbyoung
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we derive a moment generating function (MGF) for dual‐hop (DH) amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relaying networks, in which all nodes have an arbitrary number of antennas, with orthogonal space‐time block code (OSTBC) transmissions over Rayleigh fading channels. We present an exact error rate expression based on the derived MGF and another analytical approach to derive achievable performance bounds as closed‐forms of symbol error rate, outage probability, and normalized channel capacity. Furthermore, we derive the asymptotic behavior of symbol error rate and outage probability. From this asymptotic behavior, it is shown that the diversity order and its dependence on antenna configurations can be explicitly determined. Simulation results are also presented to verify their accuracy by comparing with numerical results and to provide an insight to the relationship between relaying networks' antenna configuration and diversity order. It is confirmed that the transmit antenna gain of the source node and the receive antenna gain of the relay node can be obtained only when the relay is close to the destination, and then, the transmit antenna gain of the relay node and the receive antenna gain of the destination node can be obtained only when the relay is close to the source.
3D morphological analysis of spiral intestine morphogenesis in the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea
Authors: Theodosiou Nicole A. , Oppong Emmanuela
Published: April 2019

Background

The evolution of organ asymmetries is less explored than the field of organ morphology and coiling. The digestive tract of elasmobranchs provides a fascinating model for studying the evolution of morphological asymmetries. Unique to elasmobranchs and all basal fishes is the spiral intestine, which may represent an intermediate morphology in evolution from the straight gut of lamprey to the elongated coils of higher vertebrates. The short spiral allows for a large absorptive surface area that can fit into a restrictive abdominal space.

Results

Using histology and high resolution microCT, we provide the first 3D morphometric analysis of the spiral intestine during development in the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea. Spiral formation is initiated by asymmetric growth in the mesenchyme, causing a bulging fold that protrudes into the lumen of the gut. As development proceeds, the fold elongates and spirals into a right‐handed helix. Spiraling progresses along the anterior‐posterior axis and is likely the result of mechanical forces driven by the asymmetric growth of surrounding tissues. After initial asymmetric growth, radial constraints from within the gut tube create constrictive forces further propagating spiraling.

Conclusion

We propose a model for potential biophysical mechanisms that direct the morphogenesis of the spiral intestine.
Differences in risk factors for binge eating by socioeconomic status in a community‐based sample of adolescents: Findings from Project EAT
Authors: West Caroline E. , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Mason Susan M. , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne
Published: April 2019

Objective

Binge eating is prevalent across socioeconomic status (SES) groups, but it is unclear whether risk factors for binge eating vary by SES. This study examined the prevalence of several risk factors for binge eating by SES and SES as a potential moderator of these risk factors.

Method

Participants included 2,179 individuals involved in Project EAT during early/middle adolescence (EAT‐I) and 5 years later during late adolescence/emerging adulthood (EAT‐II). Risk ratios were computed using modified Poisson regression of incident EAT‐II binge eating on EAT‐I risk factors among participants of high and low SES. Interactions between each risk factor and SES were tested.

Results

Among higher SES adolescents, overweight/obesity (RR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.8, 5.7), body dissatisfaction (RR = 2.6; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.2, 5.5), dieting (RR = 4.0; 95% CI: 2.0, 8.2), and family weight‐teasing (RR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3, 4.3) predicted increased risk for binge eating. Among adolescents from low‐SES backgrounds, overweight/obesity (RR = 1.5; 95% CI: 0.9, 2.5), dieting (RR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.9), and food insecurity (RR = 1.4; 95% CI: 0.7, 2.7) predicted increased risk for binge eating. Moderator analyses revealed that overweight/obesity, body dissatisfaction, dieting, and family weight‐teasing were stronger risk factors in the high‐SES group than the low‐SES group; interactions with food insecurity could not be examined given the low prevalence of food insecurity in the high‐SES group.

Discussion

Risk factors for binge eating may vary by SES, suggesting the potential utility of modifying intervention and prevention methods based on SES. In particular, the role of food insecurity must be addressed.
The effects of embryonic experience with predation risk vary across a wave exposure gradient
Authors: Donelan Sarah C. , Trussell Geoffrey C.
Published: April 2019

Gradients in environmental stress can alter the ecological effects of predation risk to create variable landscapes of fear that shape prey antipredator responses. Prey obtain information about their risk environment not only from their immediate experiences with predators, but also from their previous experiences, especially if they occur during particularly sensitive windows in ontogeny. Embryonic development is often a key window when an individual's experiences can have lasting effects on behavior and fitness. The propensity of embryonic experiences with predation risk to affect prey performance, however, may vary across gradients of abiotic stress. Using a rocky intertidal system, we explored whether a dominant abiotic stressor—wave exposure—modifies the influence of embryonic experience with predation risk (from the green crab, Carcinus maenas) on prey (the carnivorous snail, Nucella lapillus) traits both at emergence and as one‐year‐olds exposed to current predation risk. We found that snails from wave‐exposed, but not sheltered, populations emerged smaller from development and grew less in the absence of current risk as one‐year‐olds if they experienced risk as embryos. However, exposure to current predation risk reduced the growth and growth efficiency of one‐year‐old snails from both wave‐exposed and sheltered populations. Our results demonstrate that increased environmental stress can modify predator–prey interactions and enhance prey reliance on early life experiences with predation risk, but that direct exposure to risk later in life can strongly affect prey performance across environmental stress gradients.
Identification technique of DC series arc‐fault strings in photovoltaic systems
Authors: Kanemaru Makoto , Kokura Kentaro , Mori Mitsugi , Shindoi Takashi , Yamamoto Masato
Published: April 2019

The DC series arc‐faults lead a risk due to an aging of photovoltaic system components enhanced by environmental factors and high DC voltages in already existing photovoltaic systems. Until recently, many research activities have focused on the detection of DC series arc‐faults by current signature analysis. However, DC arc detector has two problems. First, it is difficult to distinguish arc noise and switching noise of power conditioner by circuit current in photovoltaic system. Secondly, when a DC series arc fault occurs in the photovoltaic system, DC series arc‐fault string cannot be specified because the arc noise is propagated in the circuit. In this article, we propose two novel techniques for the DC series arc‐fault detection and identification of faulty strings. Experiments were performed by generating DC series arc in the field. The proposed technique is investigated based on the experimental results in the terms of effectiveness and applicability.
Inhibition of the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate pathway promotes the resolution of neutrophilic inflammation
Authors: Perez Denise A. , Galvão Izabela , Athayde Rayssa M. , Rezende Barbara M. , Vago Juliana P. , Silva Julia D. , Reis Alesandra C. , Ribeiro Lucas S. , Gomes José H. S. , Pádua Rodrigo M. , Braga Fernão C. , Sousa Lirlândia P. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Pinho Vanessa
Published: April 2019

Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is an important sphingolipid derived from plasma membrane and has a known role in productive phase of inflammation, but its role in neutrophil survival and resolution phase of inflammation is unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of inhibition of S1P receptors and the blockade of S1P synthesis in BALB/c mice and human neutrophils. S1P and S1PR1‐3 receptors expression were increased in cells from the pleural cavity stimulated with LPS. Using different antagonists of S1PRs and inhibitors of different steps of the metabolic pathway of S1P production, we show that S1P and its receptors are involved in regulating neutrophil survival and resolution of inflammation in the pleural cavity. Given the role of the S1P‐S1PR axis in resolution of inflammation, we sought to identify whether blockade at different levels of the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate synthesis pathway could affect neutrophil survival in vitro. Inhibitors of the S1P pathway were also able to induce human neutrophil apoptosis. In addition, blockade of S1P synthesis or its receptor facilitated the efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophil. Taken together, our data demonstrate a fundamental role for S1P in regulating the outcome of inflammatory responses, and position S1P‐S1PR axis as a potential target for treatment of neutrophilic inflammation.
Menthane‐Based Chloride‐Bridged η3‐Bis‐π‐Allylpalladium Chloride Dimers: Catalytic Asymmetric Allylation of Imines
Authors: Jha Amit K. , Fernandes Rodney A.
Published: April 2019

Menthane‐based η3‐bis‐π‐allylpalladium chloride dimer complexes have been prepared for the first time. They exist as dimeric η3‐bis‐π‐allylpalladium with four chloride bridges. The complexes catalyze the asymmetric allylation of various imines with allyltributylstannane and one equivalent of water to give chiral homoallylamines in yields of 60–77 % and enantioselectivity up to er = 93:7. The stereochemical information from the menthane framework was translated successfully through the η3‐bis‐π‐allylpalladium catalysts in asymmetric allylation of imines.
Switching of Sulfonylation Selectivity by Nature of Solvent and Temperature: The Reaction of β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Sodium Sulfinates under the Action of Iron‐Based Oxidants
Authors: Mulina Olga M. , Pirgach Dmitry A. , Nikishin Gennady I. , Terent'ev Alexander O.
Published: April 2019

Selectivity of sulfonylation of β‐keto esters with sodium sulfinates under the action of iron(III) salts as oxidants can be regulated by the type of solvent used and the reaction temperature. α‐Sulfonyl β‐keto esters are obtained when the process is conducted in THF/H2O solution at 40 °C. The change of the solvent to iPrOH/H2O and refluxing of a reaction mixture provides α‐sulfonyl esters – the products of successive sulfonylation‐deacylation. When β‐diketones are applied as starting materials, only α‐sulfonyl ketones are formed. The reaction pathway includes sulfonylation of dicabonyl compounds under the action of Fe(III) to form α‐sulfonylated dicarbonyl compounds, which are then attacked by a solvent as the nucleophile, resulting in the products of successive sulfonylation‐deacylation. Participation of the solvent in the reaction pathway determines the products structure.
A [5]Rotaxane‐Based Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Özkan Melis , Keser Yağmur , Hadi Seyed Ehsan , Tuncel Dönüs
Published: April 2019

A [5]rotaxane was synthesized through a catalytically self‐threading reaction in which CB6 serves as a macrocycle and acts as a catalyst for the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction between the alkyne substituted porphyrin core and azide functionalized stopper groups by forming triazole. Application of this rotaxane as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy against cancer cells and in bacteria inactivation have also been demonstrated. This photosensitizer has an excellent water solubility and remains stable in biological media at physiological pH (7.4) for prolonged times. It has the ability to generate singlet oxygen efficiently; while it shows no dark cytotoxicity up to 300 µm to the MCF7 cancer cell line, it is photocytotoxic even at 2 µm and reduces the cell viability to around 70 % when exposed to white light. It also displays light‐triggered biocidal activity both against gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, E. coli) and gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis). Upon white light irradiation for 1 min with a flux of 22 mW/cm2 of E. coli suspension incubated with [5]rotaxane (3.5 µm), a killing efficiency of 96 % is achieved, whereas in the dark the effect is recorded as only around 9 %.
Efficient Synthesis of a Family of Bifunctional Chelators Based on the PCTA[12] Macrocycle Suitable for Bioconjugation
Authors: Leygue Nadine , Enel Morgane , Diallo Abdel , Mestre‐Voegtlé Béatrice , Galaup Chantal , Picard Claude
Published: April 2019

PCTA[12] is a 12‐membered tetraaza‐macrocyclic ligand that incorporates a pyridine unit within the macrocyclic ring and three acetate pendant arms. Unlike DOTA and NOTA chelators, PCTA is a recent entry to the field of macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylate ligands available to complex a variety of M2+/M3+ ions for biomedical applications such as diagnostic and radiotherapeutic. Despite the promising properties of its chelates, only a few of bifunctional chelating agents (BFCAs) derived from PCTA have been described so far. Based on our very recent methodology for the preparation of PCTA[12] itself, we report here the efficient synthesis of several BFCAs derived from PCTA bearing a free reactive function group, mainly devoted to conjugation purposes: ester, carboxylic acid, alcohol, aliphatic amine, aromatic amine, maleimide, bromo or azide functions. These functions were introduced either on the 4‐position of the pyridine ring or on the methylene carbon atom of the central acetate chelating arm, while keeping the three carboxylate groups available for metal chelation. Moreover, two of these BFCAs‐PCTA were used for conjugation with a tetrapeptide (cholecystokinin analogue), a bioactive molecule (biotin), or a solid support (silica gel).
Heated Calendering of Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Varied Carbon Black and Binder Contents
Authors: Meyer Chris , Weyhe Matthias , Haselrieder Wolfgang , Kwade Arno
Published: April 2019

Electrodes are usually calendered to enhance the energy density and improve the electrochemical cell performance. However, low porosities can compromise these two important features. To achieve the optimum porosity, a comprehensive process control is of major interest. This study further develops a Heckel‐based compaction model considering the impact of the roll temperature and discusses the effect of the composition. Increasing the temperature of the roll linearly decreases the achievable coating porosity and the line load effort due to the rise of the elastic deformability of the thermoplastic binder PVDF. Reduced contents of simultaneously less‐distributed additives increase the achievable coating porosity. Furthermore, the poor distribution is the main factor for lower line load efforts with lower additive contents. Moreover, the adhesion strength of the coating improves with increasing the temperature of the rolls due to the thermal rising of the elasticity of the binder.
Agro‐economic and ecological assessment of poultry abattoir sludge as bio‐nutrient source for walnut plantation in low‐fertility soil
Authors: Ozdemir Saim , Ozdemir Serkan , Yetilmezsoy Kaan
Published: April 2019

Recycling of nutrient‐rich organic wastes in agricultural or horticultural practices is one of the most sustainable methods for both waste management and soil amendment. In this regard, high nutrient‐demanding horticultural crops can utilize a recycling route of organic wastes abattoir waste after appropriate processing for plantation. In this study, sustainable recycling of poultry abattoir sludge (PAS) was explored for the cultivation of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in low‐fertility soil, considering agronomic, economic factors, and associated environmental impacts based on the energy use. Tree growth rates and leaf nutrient contents were evaluated in plants fertilized with the conventional method as control treatment and four different doses of PAS amendments. Results of economical assessment and cost analysis indicated that the PAS dose of 400 g N tree−1 had the lowest cost and was determined as the most appropriate nutrient proportion for fertilization practices on walnut plantation in marginal land, and the use of PAS for fertilization resulted in about 65.4% savings in terms of present value evaluation based on three cultivation years. Findings of the present study clearly concluded that agronomic, economic, and ecological advantages of waste utilization, such as PAS application on walnut plantation, could significantly contribute to establish sustainable management and crop production alternatives for eco‐efficient cultivation systems. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: e13225, 2019
Sand particle velocities over a subaqueous dune slope using high‐frequency image capturing
Authors: Terwisscha van Scheltinga Renske C. , Coco Giovanni , Friedrich Heide
Published: April 2019

This work presents measurements and analysis of sand particle velocities over a subaqueous dune with median sand diameter of 0.85 mm. Time‐lapse images of the mobile bed and an automated particle image velocimetry (PIV)‐based cross‐correlation method are used to obtain mean velocity of sand particles. This technique is shown to be consistent with measurements obtained with manual tracing. The measurements indicate an increase in mean particle velocity over a dune slope. Three regions are distinguished over the dune slope: (1) region of fluctuating particle velocity, (2) region of increasing particle velocity, and (3) region of maximum particle velocity. The observations are aligned with experimental and numerical modelling studies, indicating fluctuations in flow velocity over a dune stoss slope. We furthermore show that the standard deviation of the mean particle velocity is affected by the slope location and decreases from the lower slope towards the upper slope. The particle velocity variability is discussed in the context of general onset and cessation of sediment transport, the effect of the reattachment zone, sweep‐transport events, and the existence of superimposed bedforms. With this work we bridge the gap between measurements of bedload transport at the particle‐scale and at the bedform‐scale. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel approach for drones positioning in mission critical applications
Authors: Al‐Turjman Fadi
Published: April 2019

Recently, the flying sensor systems have been given a careful interest to provide critical administrations and services in a fiasco territory. Since severe debacles require the trading of geo‐referenced area‐based data among the salvage group and additionally the people in question, an independent exact situating framework is required. A Worldwide situating framework, or a global positioning system (GPS), gives close precise area data when there is an immediate viewable pathway with something like four satellites. Nonetheless, GPS beneficiaries may experience blackouts inside regions where satellite signs are hindered by impediments, for example, the normal mists in the sky and jammed structures in urban areas. This would prompt significant corruption in crisply developing remote detecting/flying applications, for example, those utilizing Drones. Therefore, to conquer this issue, GPS is coordinated with inertial navigation system (INS) to get a dependable route arrangement, particularly amid GPS blackouts. This study presents test and reproduction aftereffects of incorporation strategy dependent on machine learning that coordinates GPS with INS progressively. A field information was utilized to execute the combination and acquire promising outcomes. In addition, a discourse about benefits and impediments of the proposed strategy is given.
Evaluating the self‐domestication hypothesis of human evolution
Authors: Sánchez‐Villagra Marcelo R. , van Schaik Carel P.
Published: April 2019

“Self‐domestication” has been invoked to understand important aspects of human evolution, integrating physiological, behavioral, and morphological information in a novel way. It proposes that selection for reduced aggression on animals undergoing domestication provides a model for selection favoring prosocial behaviors in humans and for a set of seemingly independent features, which arose as a result of developmental correlation. We review the history of the idea and examine patterns of domestication. A lack of empirical studies on evolutionary rates and variation thwarts meaningful comparison with domestication. The neural crest hypothesis for domestication has great explanatory power but it is difficult to test. We suggest a scenario in which the morphological byproducts of domestication can act as an honest signal of reduced xenophobia. Future studies should test if alternative explanations for the features deemed to result from self‐domestication are mutually exclusive and generate data to test predictions of these hypotheses.
A new wall model for slip boundary conditions in dissipative particle dynamics
Authors: Xu Shaofeng , Wang Q. Jane , Wang Jiugen
Published: April 2019

Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) for modeling complex flows requires proper boundary conditions to simulate the behavior of a wall‐bounded flow. Although most DPD simulations use the no‐slip boundary condition, slip should be considered for a more complete and realistic description of such flows. The present work suggests a new wall model, via a wall‐particle virtual velocity approach, to impose tunable partial‐slip boundary conditions while structuring a modified reflection mechanism to enforce the no‐slip boundary condition. The new wall model is validated through simulating the planar Poiseuille and Couette flows and implemented to investigate the wall slip status affected by the wall virtual velocity.
American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition human papilloma virus positive oropharyngeal cancer staging system: Discordance between clinical and pathological staging systems
Authors: Hall Scott R. , Neel Gregory S. , Chang Brent A. , Howard Brittany E. , Nagel Thomas H. , Lott David G. , Hayden Richard E. , Zhang Nan , Hinni Michael L.
Published: April 2019

Background

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) eighth edition introduces a staging system specific for human papilloma virus positive oropharyngeal cancer with separate clinical (AJCC 8c) and pathological (AJCC 8p) criteria.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, preoperative imaging and pathology reports were used to stage patients based on the AJCC 8c and AJCC 8p criteria, respectively. The primary endpoint was agreement between AJCC 8c and AJCC 8p.

Results

A total of 213 patients met inclusion criteria. Kappa statistics showed poor agreement (κ = 0.3275) between AJCC 8c and AJCC 8p. In total, 30.3% of patient's preoperative AJCC 8c stage changed based on the postoperative pathologic staging (AJCC 8p) with 73.4% of those being upstaged.

Conclusion

These data suggest that disagreement exists between AJCC 8c and AJCC 8p, in part due to the separate clinical and pathological staging criteria. This discrepancy should be considered as the new system is implemented.
Trifluoromethyl Derivatives of Benzooxatellurole
Authors: Pietrasiak Ewa , Baxter Amanda F. , Jelier Benson , Santschi Nico , Togni Antonio
Published: April 2019

Replacement of the iodine atom in an iodine (III) CF3‐transfer reagent with a Te‐aryl moiety was accomplished in a three‐step synthetic sequence. Three compounds of this type have been prepared, two of which were characterized by X‐ray diffraction. Single crystal structures were also obtained for three related Te(IV) compounds unreported so far (4a, 4b, 6b). Comparison with the iodine (III) analogues indicate a large degree of structural similarity, however these species display an interesting decomposition pathway under thermal conditions. In addition to the expected Te−CF3 bond cleavage, C−F bond cleavage is also observed, unlike in the case of iodine (III) compounds.
Circular RNA CEP128 promotes bladder cancer progression by regulating Mir‐145‐5p/Myd88 via MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Sun Ming , Zhao Wenyan , Chen Zhaofu , Li Ming , Li Shuqiang , Wu Bin , Bu Renge
Published: April 2019

The present experiment was designed for exploring the regulatory mechanism of circ‐CEP128/miR‐145‐5p/MYD88 axis in bladder cancer. MiRNAs and circRNAs expression data were derived from Gene Expression Omnibus database with bladder tumor tissues and paracarcinoma tissue samples. Differentially expressed genes in tumor were analyzed via R software. Interaction network of differently expressed miRNAs and differently expressed mRNA was established by means of Cytoscape software. CircCEP128 and miR‐145‐5p expression levels were determined using qRT‐PCR. The expression of MAPK signaling‐related proteins MYD88, p38, ERK and JNK was examined by western blot. The relationship between circCEP128 and miR‐145‐5p was validated using RNA immunoprecipitation. The level of cell propagation and migration was determined by CCK8 and wound healing assay, 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay and migration assay. Cell apoptosis rate and cell cycle were detected via flow cytometry. Tumor xenograft assay was implemented to investigate the function of circCEP128 in vivo. CircCEP128 and MYD88 were overexpressed in bladder cancer based on microarray analysis and miR‐145‐5p was a potential targeting factor in bladder cancer. CircCEP128 targeted miR‐145‐5p and miR‐145‐5p targeted MYD88. Expression of miR‐145‐5p was decreased in cancer samples. Knockdown of circCEP128 induced the inhibition of cell viability and mobility and cell cycle arrest. Overexpression of miR‐145‐5p or knockdown of circCEP128 promoted MAKP signaling pathway and related proteins expression. In addition, knockdown of circCEP128 suppressed the growth of bladder cancer tumor tissues in vivo. Overexpression of circCEP128 promoted bladder cancer progression through modulating miR‐145‐5p and MYD88 via MAKP signaling pathway.
RELA promotes hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells via LINC01693/miR‐302d/CXCL12 axis
Authors: Sun Yang , Xiong Xiang , Wang Xiancheng
Published: April 2019

Hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis plays a critical role in wound healing, which could be disturbed by multifactors. Upon hypoxia stimulation, CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 were significantly upregulated in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs); thus, we attempted to investigate the role and mechanism of CXCL12 in HUVEC angiogenesis under hypoxia. Via downloading and analyzing microarray profiles (GSE76743 and GSE116909), we found that LINC01693 was positively correlated with CXCL12 and upregulated by hypoxia in HUVECs, while miR‐302d was downregulated by hypoxia and might target LINC01693 and CXCL12. RELA, a critical transcriptional factor for response to hypoxia, could bind to LINC01693 promoter to activate its transcription, therefore, promoting CXCL12 expression under hypoxia. LINC01693 served as a competing endogenous RNA for miR‐302d to counteract miR‐302d‐mediated CXCL12 suppression via direct targeting. Hypoxia‐induced CXCL12 upregulation and angiogenesis in HUVECs could be significantly suppressed by LINC01693 silence while enhanced by miR‐302d inhibition; the effect of LINC01693 silence could be partially reversed by miR‐302d inhibition. Taken together, RELA promotes the angiogenesis in HUVECs via LINC01693/miR‐302d/CXCL12 axis. We provide a novel mechanism and experimental basis of CXCL12 function in hypoxia‐induced HUVEC angiogenesis.
miR‐199a‐5p promotes proliferation and metastasis and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition through targeting PIAS3 in cervical carcinoma
Authors: Qu Dacheng , Yang Yamei , Huang Xiaoping
Published: April 2019

Cervical carcinoma is the second most frequent gynecological malignancies in females worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of miR‐199a‐5p and protein inhibitor of activated signal transducer and activators of transcription 3 (PIAS3) in cervical carcinoma. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was utilized to detect miR‐199a‐5p and PIAS3 expression in cervical carcinoma tissues and cells. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide Kit, transwell assay were used to explore the biological functions of miR‐199a‐5p in cervical carcinoma. Western blot analysis was applied to determine the expression level of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐associated proteins and PIAS3 expression. The relationship between miR‐199a‐5p and PIAS3 was verified by luciferase activity reporter assay. We found that miR‐199a‐5p was upregulated in cervical carcinoma tissues and cell lines, and overexpression of miR‐199a‐5p promoted cell proliferation and metastasis in cervical carcinoma. In addition, Western blot analysis indicated that the enforced upregulation of miR‐199a‐5p enhanced mesenchymal markers vimentin and N‐cadherin expressions, whereas reduced epithelial marker E‐cadherin expressions. miR‐199a‐5p directly targeted PIAS3 and negatively regulated PIAS3 level in cervical carcinoma cells. And upregulation of PIAS3 reversed the effects of miR‐199a‐5p in cervical carcinoma. Collectively, our data provide evidence for miR‐199a‐5p function in cervical carcinoma growth, EMT, and metastasis; it may be act as a therapeutic strategy target for patients with cervical carcinoma.
Matrine improves diabetic cardiomyopathy through TGF‐β‐induced protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Hou Huijuan , Zhang Qianqian , Dong Hongwei , Ge Zhiming
Published: April 2019

Background

Matrine might play a vital role in cardiovascular diseases progression and treatment.

Objectives

We aimed to explore the protective effects and potential mechanism of matrine against diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in rat model.

Method

A rat model of DCM was induced by streptozotocin, which were then divided into two groups and treated with matrine. Inflammatory cytokines were investigated in serum and myocardial cells after matrine administration. The effects of matrine on cardiac reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), PPARγ1 activity were detected in myocardial cells. The protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signal pathway in endoplasmic reticulum stress was studied to elaborated protective effects of matrine in DCM rat by Western blot analysis. Fasting blood glucose and hemodynamic parameters were analyzed after treatment with matrine.

Results

Matrine‐inhibited expression levels of inflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin 6. Matrine administration decreased ROS generation, MDA, and transforming growth factor beta levels, and Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor beta (PPARβ) and Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptorγ 1 (PPARγ1) activity. Matrine administration also significantly inhibited PERK expression. Endogenic expression of PERK canceled matrine‐induced apoptosis of myocardial cells. Notably, treatment with matrine significantly decreased nonfasting blood glucose levels and improved hemodynamic parameters of DCM rat.

Conclusions

Matrine may be a promising agent for the treatment of DCM.
Sema4D/PlexinB1 promotes endothelial differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via activation of AKT and ERK1/2 signaling
Authors: Zou Ting , Jiang Shan , Dissanayaka Waruna Lakmal , Heng Boon Chin , Xu Jianguang , Gong Ting , Huang Xiaojing , Zhang Chengfei
Published: April 2019

Inducing of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) into endothelial cells (ECs) to prevascularize pulp tissue constructs may offer a novel and viable approach for enhancing pulp regeneration. However, there are numerous challenges in current methods for the acquisition of sufficient translational ECs. It was known that Sema4D/PlexinB1 signaling exerts profound effects on enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and angiogenesis. Whether Sema4D/PlexinB1 could regulate endothelial differentiation of DPSCs is not yet investigated. In this study, when DPSCs were treated with Sema4D (2 μg/mL), ECs‐specific (VEGFR1, VEGFR2, CD31, and vWF), and angiogenic genes and proteins were significantly upregulated. The induced ECs exhibited similar endothelial vessel formation ability to that of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, phosphorylation of AKT increased dramatically within 5 minutes (from 0.93 to 21.8), while p‐ERK1/2 was moderately elevated (from 0.94 to 2.65). In summary, our results demonstrated that Sema4D/PlexinB1 signaling induces endothelial differentiation of DPSCs. The interactions of Sema4D, VEGF, ANGPTL4, ANG1, and HIF‐1α may play a crucial role in mediating the differentiation process.
MicroRNA‐181a regulates the activation of the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway by targeting MEK1 in THP‐1 macrophages stimulated by ox‐LDL
Authors: Song Jinyang , Yang Shaonan , Yin Ruihua , Xiao Qi , Ma Aijun , Pan Xudong
Published: April 2019

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by the deposition of lipids in the vascular wall and the formation of foam cells. Macrophages play a critical role in the development of this chronic inflammation. An increasing amount of research shows that microRNAs affect many steps of inflammation. The goal of our study was to investigate the regulatory effect of miR‐181a on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and explore its possible mechanism. Compared with the control group, the expression of miR‐181a was downregulated in the carotid tissue of AS group mice, while the expression of MEK1 and NLRP3‐related proteins was upregulated significantly. In vitro, when THP‐1 macrophages were stimulated with oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL), the expression of miR‐181a was decreased, the MEK/ERK/NF‐κB inflammatory pathways were activated and the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome‐related proteins was upregulated. Exogenous overexpression of miR‐181a downregulated the activation of the MEK/ERK/NF‐κB pathway and decreased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome‐related proteins (such as NLRP3, caspase‐1, interleukin‐18 [IL‐18], IL‐1β, etc). Exogenous miR‐181a knockdown showed the opposite results to those of overexpression group. A luciferase reporter assay proved that miR‐181a inhibited the expression of MEK1 by binding to its 3′‐untranslated region. When we knocked down miR‐181a and then treated cells with U0126 before ox‐LDL stimulation, we found that U0126 reversed the increased activation of the MEK/ERK/NF‐κB pathway and upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome‐related proteins (NLRP3, caspase‐1, IL‐18, IL‐1β) that resulted from miR‐181a knockdown. Our study suggests that miR‐181a regulates the activation of the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway by altering the activity of the MEK/ERK/NF‐κB pathway via targeting of MEK1.
Homeobox D10, a tumor suppressor, inhibits the proliferation and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jin , Liu Shiyuan , Zhang Danjie , Ma Zhenchuan , Sun Liangzhang
Published: April 2019

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common types of esophageal cancer, which is the sixth leading cause of cancer death globally. Homeobox D10 (HOXD10) is a member of the homeobox (HOX) gene family and has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor. However, the potential role of HOXD10 in ESCC has not been reported. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the expression and function of HOXD10 in ESCC. The expressions of HOXD10 in human ESCC tissues and cell lines were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The HOXD10 overexpressing cell lines were established, then CCK‐8 and Transwell assays were performed to examine cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, respectively. The expression of EMT‐related proteins and signaling pathway‐related proteins were detected by Western blot. Our results showed that HOXD10 is lowly expressed in ESCC tissues as well as in ESCC cell lines. Ectopic overexpression of HOXD10 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells (P < 0.05). HOXD10 overexpression repressed the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in ESCC cells. Besides, HOXD10 overexpression suppressed the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PI3K/Akt agonist, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, reversed the inhibitory effects of HOXD10 on cell proliferation and migration in ESCC cells. Additional in vivo study proved that ectopic expression of HOXD10 caused an obvious inhibitory effect on the tumor growth. These findings indicated that overexpression of HOXD10 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion via regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in ESCC cells. Thus, targeting HOXD10 may be considered as a therapeutic strategy for ESCC treatment.
LncRNA AC096664.3/PPAR‐γ/ABCG1‐dependent signal transduction pathway contributes to the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis
Authors: Xu Bang‐Ming , Xiao Lei , Kang Chun‐Min , Ding Li , Guo Feng‐Xia , Li Pan , Lu Zhi‐Feng , Wu Qian , Xu Yuan‐Jun , Bai Huan‐Lan , Tang Jun‐Yi , Zheng Lei , Hu Yan‐Wei , Wang Qian
Published: April 2019

Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease that involves disrupted cellular cholesterol levels and formation of foam cells. Studies about long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) have revealed its function in the development of atherosclerosis, by mediating reverse cholesterol transport and formation of foam cells. In this study, we found that oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) markedly decreased lncRNA AC096664.3 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and THP‐1 macrophages. We also found that ox‐LDL reduced ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) G1 through inhibiting lncRNA AC096664.3 in VSMCs. Further experiments showed that the downregulation of lncRNA AC096664.3 reduced ABCG1 expression through inhibiting the expression of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ) and that ox‐LDL reduced ABCG1 expression through inhibiting the expression of PPAR‐γ. Furthermore, we discovered that ox‐LDL inhibited ABCG1 via the lncRNA AC096664.3/PPAR‐γ/ABCG1 pathway, which led to an increase in total and free cholesterol in VMSCs. Thus, we confirmed that ox‐LDL induces cholesterol accumulation via the lncRNA AC096664.3/PPAR‐γ/ABCG1 pathway in VSMCs, indicating a promising novel therapy in protecting against atherosclerosis.