bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REL-1017 (esmethadone; d-methadone) does not cause reinforcing effect, physical dependence and withdrawal signs in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Henningfield Jack , Gauvin David , Bifari Francesco , Fant Reginald , Shram Megan , Buchhalter August , Ashworth Judy , Lanier Ryan , Pappagallo Marco , Inturrisi Charles , Folli Franco , Traversa Sergio , Manfredi Paolo L.
Published: July 2022

REL-1017 (esmethadone, d-methadone) is the opioid-inactive d-isomer of racemic d,l-methadone. REL-1017 may exert antidepressant effects via uncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) channel block. As REL-1017 is expected to exert central nervous system activity, full characterization of its abuse potential is warranted. We evaluated lack of reinforcing effect, physical dependence, and withdrawal of REL-1017 in Sprague Dawley rats. (1) Self-administration Study Rats were trained to self-administer oxycodone intravenously (IV) and then were subjected to 3-day substitution tests where saline, oxycodone, and REL-1017 were self-delivered IV by a fixed number of lever presses; (2) Drug Discontinuation Study Rats were treated for 30 days by oral gavage with vehicle, REL-1017, ketamine or morphine and evaluated for withdrawal with functional observational batteries (FOBs). In the self-administration study, rats treated with saline, vehicle, and all REL-1017 doses showed the typical “extinction burst” pattern of response, characterized by an initial rapid increase of lever-pressing followed by a rapid decrease over 3 days. Rats treated with oxycodone maintained stable self-injection, as expected for reinforcing stimuli. In the withdrawal study, REL-1017 did not engender either morphine or ketamine withdrawal signs over 9 days following abrupt discontinuation of drug exposure. REL-1017 showed no evidence of abuse potential and did not engender withdrawal symptomatology.
New land tenure fences are still cropping up in the Greater Mara
Authors: Løvschal Mette , Juul Nørmark Maria , Svenning Jens-Christian , Wall Jake
Published: July 2022

Expanding and intensifying anthropogenic land use is one of the greatest drivers of changes of biodiversity loss and political inequality worldwide. In the Greater Mara, Kenya, a trend of private land enclosure is currently happening, led by smallholders wishing to protect and uphold their land titles. Here we expand on previous work by Løvschal et al. quantifying the rapid, large-scale development of fencing infrastructure that began in 1985 but has increased by 170% from 2010 onwards. We provide fine-scale analysis of the spatial and temporal trends in fencing using high-resolution Sentinel-2 imagery. The formally unprotected regions have distinctly more fences than the rest of the Mara, one experiencing a 740% increase in fenced land in four years. Conservancies have an effect in stemming fencing but fences crop up within and along conservancy boundaries. We estimate the actual geographical coverage of the fences in the Mara to be 130,277 ha (19% of the total region) using an error margin of 8%, derived by calibrating our satellite mapping with ground-truth data. The study suggests the need for revising community-based eco-conservation efforts and pursuing a richer understanding of the socio-political and historical dynamics underlying this phenomenon.
The metabolic profile of reconstituting T-cells, NK-cells, and monocytes following autologous stem cell transplantation and its impact on outcome
Authors: Richter Silja , Böttcher Martin , Völkl Simon , Mackensen Andreas , Ullrich Evelyn , Jacobs Benedikt , Mougiakakos Dimitrios
Published: July 2022

Previous studies indicated a role of the reconstituting immune system for disease outcome upon high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) in multiple myeloma (MM) and lymphoma patients. Since immune cell metabolism and function are closely interconnected, we used flow-cytometry techniques to analyze key components and functions of the metabolic machinery in reconstituting immune cells upon HDCT/auto-SCT. We observed increased proliferative activity and an upregulation of the glycolytic and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) machinery in immune cells during engraftment. Metabolic activation was more pronounced in T-cells of advanced differentiation stages, in CD56bright NK-cells, and CD14++CD16+ intermediate monocytes. Next, we investigated a potential correlation between the immune cells’ metabolic profile and early progression or relapse in lymphoma patients within the first twelve months following auto-SCT. Here, persistently increased metabolic parameters correlated with a rather poor disease course. Taken together, reconstituting immune cells display an upregulated bioenergetic machinery following auto-SCT. Interestingly, a persistently enhanced metabolic immune cell phenotype correlated with reduced PFS. However, it remains to be elucidated, if the clinical data can be confirmed within a larger set of patients and if residual malignant cells not detected by conventional means possibly caused the metabolic activation.
Effects of lime and oxalic acid on antioxidant enzymes and active components of Panax notoginseng under cadmium stress
Authors: Li Qi , Jiang Na , Mei Xinyue , Zu Yanqun , Li Zuran , Qin Li , Li Bo
Published: July 2022

Cadmium (Cd) pollution poses potential safety risks for Panax notoginseng cultivation, a medicinal plant in Yunnan. Under exogenous Cd stress, field experiments were conducted to understand the effects of lime (0, 750, 2250 and 3750 kg hm−2) applied and oxalic acid (0, 0.1 and 0.2 mol L−1) leaves sprayed on Cd accumulation, antioxidant system and medicinal components of P. notoginseng. The results showed that Lime and foliar spray of oxalic acid were able to elevate Ca2+ and alleviate Cd2+ toxicity in P. notoginseng under Cd stress. The addition of lime and oxalic acid increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and alters osmoregulator metabolism. The most significant increase in CAT activities increased by 2.77 folds. And the highest increase of SOD activities was 1.78 folds under the application of oxalic acid. While MDA content decreased by 58.38%. There were very significant correlation with soluble sugar, free amino acid, proline and soluble protein. Lime and oxalic acid were able to increase calcium ions (Ca2+), decrease Cd content and improve the stress resistance of P. notoginseng, while increasing the production of total saponins and flavonoids. Cd content were the lowest, 68.57% lower than controls, and met the standard value (Cd ≤ 0.5 mg kg−1, GB/T 19086-2008). The proportion of SPN was 7.73%, which reached the highest level of all treatments, the flavonoids content increased significantly by 21.74%, which reached the medicinal standard value and optimal yield.
Changes in lifestyles and depressive symptom among patients with chronic diseases during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: He Wei , Zhao Xueyin , Yang Zhiying , Min Yan , Wu Yi-Hsuan , Kang Qingcong , Frost Eleanor , Gao Peng , Yang Yang , Chen Xinyu , Chen Lijin , Lu Ying , Hsing Ann W. , Zhu Shankuan
Published: July 2022

This study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle behaviors and depressive symptom among patients with NCDs (noncommunicable diseases). We incorporated a COVID-19 survey to the WELL China cohort, a prospective cohort study with the baseline survey conducted 8–16 months before the COVID-19 outbreak in Hangzhou, China. The COVID-19 survey was carried out to collect information on lifestyle and depressive symptom during lockdown. A total of 3327 participants were included in the COVID-19 survey, including 2098 (63.1%) reported having NCDs at baseline and 1457 (44%) without NCDs. The prevalence of current drinkers decreased from 42.9% before COVID-19 lockdown to 23.7% during lockdown, current smokers from 15.9 to 13.5%, and poor sleepers from 23.9 to 15.3%, while low physical activity increased from 13.4 to 25.2%, among participants with NCDs (P < 0.05 for all comparisons using McNemar's test). Participants with NCDs were more likely than those without to have depressive symptom (OR, 1.30; 95% CI 1.05–1.61), especially among those who need to refill their medication during the COVID-19 lockdown (OR, 1.52; 95% CI 1.15–2.02). Our findings provide insight into the development of targeted interventions to better prepare patients with NCDs and healthcare system to meet the challenge of future pandemic and lockdown.
Advances and challenges of operational seasonal prediction in Pacific Island Countries
Authors: Lee Yun-Young , Kim WonMoo , Sohn Soo-Jin , Kim Bo Ra , Seuseu Sunny K.
Published: July 2022

Seasonal climate forecasts play a critical role in building a climate-resilient society in the Pacific Island Countries (PICs) that are highly exposed to high-impact climate events. To assist the PICs National Meteorological and Hydrological Services in generating reliable national climate outlooks, we developed a hybrid seasonal prediction system, the Pacific Island Countries Advanced Seasonal Outlook (PICASO), which has the strengths of both statistical and dynamical systems. PICASO is based on the APEC Climate Center Multi-Model Ensemble (APCC-MME), tailored to generate station-level rainfall forecasts for 49 stations in 13 countries by applying predictor optimization and the large-scale relationship-based Bayesian regression approaches. Overall, performance is improved and further stabilized temporally and spatially relative to not only APCC-MME but also other existing operational prediction systems in the Pacific. Gaps and challenges in operationalization of the PICASO system and its incorporation into operational climate services in the PICs are discussed.
Effects of strip cropping with reducing row spacing and super absorbent polymer on yield and water productivity of oat (Avena sativa L.) under drip irrigation in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Tian Lu , Liu Jing-hui , Zhang Sheng , Zhao Bao-ping , Mi Jun-zhen , Li Ying-hao , Wang Feng-wu
Published: July 2022

With the serious shortage of water resources and the development of water-saving agriculture, the application of drip irrigation has been paid more and more attention. But there was lack of oat planting methods suitable for drip irrigation, currently. In order to establish an efficient oat planting method for drip irrigation, a study was conducted at Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia during the season (2019–2020) to evaluate the effect of strip cropping with reducing row spacing and super absorbent polymer on the yield and water use efficiency of oat. To conduct the field trials, a split plot system in three replications was established. Three planting patterns were in the main plots, including conventional cropping with 20 cm equal row spacing (PA), strip cropping with the 15 cm row spacing (PB) and strip cropping with the 10 cm row spacing (PC), and two super absorbent polymer levels were in the subplots, including 22.5 kg ha−2 (Y) and 0 (N). The results showed that, compared with PA, PB and PC both decreased the irrigation volumes by 4.5–18.4 mm, and the irrigation volumes of PB was lower than that of PC. When super absorbent polymers were applied, compared with PA, PB significantly increased grain yield and above-ground biomass, but PC had the opposite effects. The grain yield and above-ground biomass of PB significantly increased by 16.65% and 7.31% on average in two years, respectively. And the increasing of grain yield was attributed by the significant increasing of pike number and kernel number per spike. But when super absorbent polymers were not applied, PB had no significant effects on grain yield and above-ground biomass. PB also had the significant effects on regulating water use of oats weather or not super absorbent polymers were applied, it significantly increased the precipitation ratio by 2.64% (PBY) and 2.13% (PBN) and decreased irrigation ration by 3.32% (PBY) and 5.28% (PBN) on average in two years. Although PB and PC both decreased the total evapotranspiration, but PB increased WUE and PC deceased WUE. The WUE of PB increased by 19.70% (PBY) and 9.87% (PBN) on average in two years. Also PB had the highest economic benefits in all treatments. In conclusion, a drip irrigation oat planting pattern was proposed, which the row spacing is 15 cm, adjusted the equal row spacing planting to 8-row strip planting, with a belt spacing of 30 cm, combined with the application of 22.5 kg ha−2 applying super absorbent polymers. And this oat planting pattern is a viable strategy to improve oat productivity.
Prosociality moderates outcome evaluation in competition tasks
Authors: Lu Jiachen , Li Weidong , Xie Yujia , Huang Qian , Li Jingjing
Published: July 2022

The current study investigated the effect of prosociality on outcome evaluation without involving social comparison and reward processing in face-to-face competition tasks. The results showed that when faced with medium and large outcome feedback, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) amplitude induced in high-prosocial individuals was significantly more negative than that of low-prosocial individuals. In addition, the P300 amplitude induced in high-prosocial individuals was smaller than that in low-prosocial individuals in the face of large outcome feedback; hence, the prosociality score was significantly correlated with FRN amplitude. However, there was no significant difference in FRN between high-and low-prosocial individuals in the face of small outcome feedback. It was concluded that individual prosocial traits can moderate outcome evaluation.
Vision transformer and explainable transfer learning models for auto detection of kidney cyst, stone and tumor from CT-radiography
Authors: Islam Md Nazmul , Hasan Mehedi , Hossain Md. Kabir , Alam Md. Golam Rabiul , Uddin Md Zia , Soylu Ahmet
Published: July 2022

Renal failure, a public health concern, and the scarcity of nephrologists around the globe have necessitated the development of an AI-based system to auto-diagnose kidney diseases. This research deals with the three major renal diseases categories: kidney stones, cysts, and tumors, and gathered and annotated a total of 12,446 CT whole abdomen and urogram images in order to construct an AI-based kidney diseases diagnostic system and contribute to the AI community’s research scope e.g., modeling digital-twin of renal functions. The collected images were exposed to exploratory data analysis, which revealed that the images from all of the classes had the same type of mean color distribution. Furthermore, six machine learning models were built, three of which are based on the state-of-the-art variants of the Vision transformers EANet, CCT, and Swin transformers, while the other three are based on well-known deep learning models Resnet, VGG16, and Inception v3, which were adjusted in the last layers. While the VGG16 and CCT models performed admirably, the swin transformer outperformed all of them in terms of accuracy, with an accuracy of 99.30 percent. The F1 score and precision and recall comparison reveal that the Swin transformer outperforms all other models and that it is the quickest to train. The study also revealed the blackbox of the VGG16, Resnet50, and Inception models, demonstrating that VGG16 is superior than Resnet50 and Inceptionv3 in terms of monitoring the necessary anatomy abnormalities. We believe that the superior accuracy of our Swin transformer-based model and the VGG16-based model can both be useful in diagnosing kidney tumors, cysts, and stones.
T4 reduces cisplatin resistance by inhibiting AEG-1 gene expression in lung cancer cells
Authors: Song Tian-jiao , Lin Xiao-hong , Huang Ping-ting , Chen Yu-qing , Chen Li-min
Published: July 2022

Lung cancer is the most malignant form of cancer and has the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to drug resistance, the current chemotherapy for lung cancer is not effective and has poor therapeutic effects. Tripchlorolide (T4), a natural extract from the plant Tripterygium wilfordii, has powerful immunosuppressive and antitumour effects and may become a potential therapeutic agent for lung cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of T4 on reducing chemoresistance in lung cancer cells and to explore the mechanism. 1. A549 and A549/DDP cells were separately transfected with AEG-1 overexpression and AEG-1 knockdown plasmids. A549/DDP cells were divided into the A549/DDP empty group, T4 group, and T4 + AEG-1 overexpression group. A CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of cells in each group. RT–qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of AEG-1 and MDR-1. Expression of AEG-1 in A549 and A549/DDP cells was positively correlated with cisplatin resistance. When the AEG-1 protein was overexpressed in A549 cells, the lethal effect of cisplatin on A549 cells was attenuated (all P < 0.05). After the AEG-1 protein was knocked down in A549/DDP cells, cisplatin was applied. The lethal effect was significantly increased compared to that in the corresponding control cells (all P < 0.05). AEG-1 protein expression gradually decreased with increasing T4 concentration in A549 and A549/DDP cells. Resistance to cisplatin was reduced after the addition of T4 to A549/DDP cells (P < 0.05), and this effect was enhanced after transfection with the AEG-1 knockdown plasmid. T4 plays an important role in increasing the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to cisplatin.
Eco-evolutionary model on spatial graphs reveals how habitat structure affects phenotypic differentiation
Authors: Boussange Victor , Pellissier Loïc
Published: July 2022

Differentiation mechanisms are influenced by the properties of the landscape over which individuals interact, disperse and evolve. Here, we investigate how habitat connectivity and habitat heterogeneity affect phenotypic differentiation by formulating a stochastic eco-evolutionary model where individuals are structured over a spatial graph. We combine analytical insights into the eco-evolutionary dynamics with numerical simulations to understand how the graph topology and the spatial distribution of habitat types affect differentiation. We show that not only low connectivity but also heterogeneity in connectivity promotes neutral differentiation, due to increased competition in highly connected vertices. Habitat assortativity, a measure of habitat spatial auto-correlation in graphs, additionally drives differentiation under habitat-dependent selection. While assortative graphs systematically amplify adaptive differentiation, they can foster or depress neutral differentiation depending on the migration regime. By formalising the eco-evolutionary and spatial dynamics of biological populations on graphs, our study establishes fundamental links between landscape features and phenotypic differentiation.
Making cough count in tuberculosis care
Authors: Zimmer Alexandra J. , Ugarte-Gil César , Pathri Rahul , Dewan Puneet , Jaganath Devan , Cattamanchi Adithya , Pai Madhukar , Grandjean Lapierre Simon
Published: July 2022

Cough assessment is central to the clinical management of respiratory diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), but strategies to objectively and unobtrusively measure cough are lacking. Acoustic epidemiology is an emerging field that uses technology to detect cough sounds and analyze cough patterns to improve health outcomes among people with respiratory conditions linked to cough. This field is increasingly exploring the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) for more advanced applications, such as analyzing cough sounds as a biomarker for disease screening. While much of the data are preliminary, objective cough assessment could potentially transform disease control programs, including TB, and support individual patient management. Here, we present an overview of recent advances in this field and describe how cough assessment, if validated, could support public health programs at various stages of the TB care cascade.
Ordered assembly of non-planar vanadyl-tetraphenylporphyrins on ultra-thin iron oxide
Authors: Albani Guglielmo , Schio Luca , Goto Francesco , Calloni Alberto , Orbelli Biroli Alessio , Bossi Alberto , Melone Francesco , Achilli Simona , Fratesi Guido , Zucchetti Carlo , Floreano Luca , Bussetti Gianlorenzo
Published: July 2022

Thanks to the ultrathin oxide layer, an ordered arrangement of flat-lying porphyrins with a protruding core is obtained on Fe(001).
Light-driven hydroxylation of testosterone by Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 expressing the heterologous CYP450 monooxygenase CYP110D1
Authors: Mascia Francesco , Pereira Sara B. , Pacheco Catarina C. , Oliveira Paulo , Solarczek Jennifer , Schallmey Anett , Kourist Robert , Alphand Véronique , Tamagnini Paula
Published: July 2022

Biotransformation of testosterone into 15β-hydroxytestosterone by the cyanobacterium Synechocystis expressing the heterologous monooxygenase CYP110D1. The reaction is sustained by reducing equivalents and oxygen provided by oxygenic photosynthesis.
Optimization and validation of liquid–liquid extraction with low-temperature purification (LLE-LTP) for determining fluopyram fungicide in water samples using HPLC-DAD
Authors: Pereira de Freitas Lucas Victor , de Paula Terra Gleysson , de Souza Santos Silas , Sicupira Lázaro Chaves , Silvério Flaviano Oliveira
Published: July 2022

The graphical abstract represents the application of the extraction method followed by HPLC-DAD analysis to monitor the presence of fluopyram residues in agricultural water samples.
Synthesis of the l- and d-SH2 domain of the leukaemia oncogene Bcr-Abl
Authors: Schmidt Nina , Abendroth Frank , Vázquez Olalla , Hantschel Oliver
Published: July 2022

The d- and l-versions of the Bcr-Abl SH2 domain (12.7 kDa) were synthesized successfully and show similar folding as compared to a recombinantly expressed version.
Advances in nano- and microscale NMR spectroscopy using diamond quantum sensors
Authors: Allert Robin D. , Briegel Karl D. , Bucher Dominik B.
Published: July 2022

Quantum sensors in diamond enable NMR spectroscopy in single-cell volumes, of single molecules, and even single protons for widespread application in chemistry and life sciences.
Copper-assisted trifluoromethylthiolation/radical cascade cyclization of alkynes to construct SCF3-containing dioxodibenzothiazepines
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Pei Congcong , Liu Bo , Li Jingya , Zou Dapeng , Wu Yangjie , Wu Yusheng
Published: July 2022

A mild and efficient Cu-assisted trifluoromethylthiolation/radical cascade cyclization of alkynes with readily available and stable AgSCF3 as the trifluoromethylthiolating reagent has been disclosed.
Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia via amorphous cobalt boride
Authors: Shi Yongbin , Xu Suxian , Li Fei
Published: July 2022

Amorphous CoBx nanoparticles supported on carbon paper were synthesized by a simple wet chemical reduction method, and exhibited remarkable performance toward electrochemical nitrate reduction.
Ionic–electronic dual-conductive polymer modified LiCoO2 cathodes for solid lithium batteries
Authors: Jia Mengyang , Bi Zhijie , Guo Xiangxin
Published: July 2022

The dual-conductive PANI-PEG on LiCoO2 favors Li+ transport inside cathodes and enables abundant supplies of Li+ and electrons in cathode interfaces. This promotes the LiTFSI decomposition product formation and leads to improved cell performances.
Acetate promotes the formation of NiRu/NiO towards efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Huaiyu , Li Bo , Zou Yan , Miao Juhong , Qiao Man , Tang Yujia , Zhang Xuan , Zhu Dongdong
Published: July 2022

The small acetate makes a great impact: from bulk metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to nanosized NiRu/Ni(OH)2hybrid.
Boosting the peroxidase-like activity of Pt nanozymes by a synergistic effect of Ti3C2 nanosheets for dual mechanism detection
Authors: Geng Hongqi , Li Zhijuan , Liu Quan , Yang Qi , Jia Huimin , Chen Qiang , Zhou Aiguo , He Weiwei
Published: July 2022

Ti3C2 MXene modified Pt nanozymes exhibit significantly and selectively enhanced POD-like activity through a strong interfacial electron transfer and photothermal effect.
Modulation and self-assembly of nanoparticles into bismuth molybdate nanosheets as highly efficient photocatalysts for ciprofloxacin degradation
Authors: Zhang Juan , Wang Yating , Wang Yuan , Shuai Xiaofeng , Zhao Ruihua , Abubakr Yasin Umsalama Abuelgasim , Guo Tianyu , Du Jianping , Li Jinping
Published: July 2022

Bismuth molybdate nanosheets are self-assembled from nanoparticles and exhibit outstanding photoelectrochemical properties. This material will be a potential candidate for the degradation of multi-pollutants in environmental remediation.
AgX-based hybrid coordination polymers: mechanochemical synthesis, structure and luminescence property characterization
Authors: Zuffa Caterina , Cappuccino Chiara , Marchini Marianna , Contini Laura , Farinella Francesco , Maini Lucia
Published: July 2022

Hybrid coordination polymers (HCP) are interesting for the ability to converge the properties of inorganic and organic systems in one single compound and our attention has been focused on silver-based HCP due to their luminescence properties.
Molecular logic operations from complex coacervation with aggregation-induced emission characteristics
Authors: Liu Jianhui , Zhang Tianfu , Liu Xiaolin , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong , Chau Ying
Published: July 2022

Leveraging complex coacervation of a polycation and a bivalent anion with aggregation-induced emission characteristics, we accomplish eight basic logic operations, producing Boolean-like ‘outputs’ with contrast higher than one order of magnitude.
Correction: Integration of sequential analytical processes into sub-100 nm channels: volumetric sampling, chromatographic separation, and label-free molecule detection
Authors: Tsuyama Yoshiyuki , Morikawa Kyojiro , Mawatari Kazuma
Published: July 2022

Correction for ‘Integration of sequential analytical processes into sub-100 nm channels: volumetric sampling, chromatographic separation, and label-free molecule detection’ by Yoshiyuki Tsuyama et al., Nanoscale, 2021, 13, 8855–8863, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NR08385B.
The phosphate cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Li Xi , Chen Zhenjie , Yang Yongqiang , Liang Shuquan , Lu Bingan , Zhou Jiang
Published: July 2022

We categorize phosphate-based cathodes in zinc-ion battery and highlight the relationship between structural properties and energy storage mechanisms. The major problems faced by each kind of materials and rational optimization strategies are summarized.
Conversion of CO2 to epoxides or oxazolidinones enabled by a CuI/CuII-organic framework bearing a tri-functional linker
Authors: Liu Ao-gang , Chen Yuan , Liu Peng-da , Qi Wei , Li Bao
Published: July 2022

One mixed-valence Cu–MOF has been synthesized, which could prompt the conversion of CO2 to epoxides and oxazolidinones under mild conditions.
Silver-catalyzed [4 + 3] cycloaddition of 1,3-dienes with alkenyl-N-triftosylhydrazones: a practical approach to 1,4-cycloheptadienes
Authors: Fang Zhongxue , Ma Yiming , Liu Shaopeng , Bai Huricha , Li Shuang , Ning Yongquan , Zanoni Giuseppe , Liu Zhaohong
Published: July 2022

A formal [4 + 3] cycloaddition of 1,3-dienes with alkenyl-N-triftosylhydrazones was developed using silver catalysis, producing a broad spectrum of complex 1,4-cycloheptadienes with high yields and predictable stereochemistry.
Synthesis of a luminescent macrocycle and its crystalline structure-adaptive transformation
Authors: Li Shuo , Zhang Zhi-Yuan , Zhang Haichang , Bai Yue-Ling , Cui Lei , Li Chunju
Published: July 2022

We report that the marriage of macrocycle chemistry and crystal engineering provides interesting macrocycle crystals with switchable luminescence and structure-adaptive transformation.
Spontaneous population oscillation of confined active granular particles
Authors: Li Wenjian , Li Longfei , Shi Qingfan , Yang Mingcheng , Zheng Ning
Published: July 2022

Spontaneous collective oscillation may emerge from seemingly irregular active matter systems.
Non-crystal-RuOx/crystalline-ZnO composites: controllable synthesis and high-performance toxic gas sensors
Authors: Luo Na , Cai Haijie , Li Xiaojie , Guo Mengmeng , Wang Chen , Wang Xiaohong , Hu Pengfei , Cheng Zhixuan , Xu Jiaqiang
Published: July 2022

Sensors based on RuOx/ZnO possess better gas sensing performance than ZnO and RuO2/ZnO based sensors and amorphous RuOx can work stably as a sensitizer at high temperature (210 °C).
Water oxidation of visible-light-responsive bismuth-yttrium oxychloride promoted by a dual-ion doping strategy for assembly of Z-scheme overall water splitting
Authors: Hu Mingxu , Du Shiwen , Dong Beibei , Qi Yu , Feng Zhaochi , Zhang Fuxiang
Published: July 2022

A novel dual ion doping strategy to modulate the structure of Bi2YO4Cl is introduced and the first successful visible-light-responsive oxyhalide-based Z-scheme OWS system based on the colorless IO3−/I− shuttle redox pair is fabricated.
End-group modification of non-fullerene acceptors enables efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Gao Yan , Chen Qiaoling , Wang Liwen , Huang Hao , Zhang Andong , Li Cuihong , Xu Xinjun , Bo Zhishan
Published: July 2022

The introduction of bulky substituents to the terminal unit is an effective means of tuning the solubility of non-fullerene acceptors and the morphology of blend films, and ultimately regulating the performance of organic solar cells.
A magnetic field-switchable millimeter wave switch for 81, 94, and 140 GHz based on metal substituted ε-iron oxide
Authors: Namai Asuka , Oki Yurie , Imoto Kenta , Tokoro Hiroko , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi
Published: July 2022

A magnetic field–switchable millimeter wave switch was demonstrated based on metal substituted ε-iron oxide for 81, 94, and 140 GHz usage.
TCF7 is highly expressed in immune cells on the atherosclerotic plaques, and regulating inflammatory signaling via NFκB/AKT/STAT1 signaling
Authors: Ma Zhongnan , Wang Chuang , Bai Xiufeng , Wang Long , Wu Qianjing , Cai Zehong , Wang Wanxiang , Ma Zhuo , Liu Xinyu , Feng Jiaxuan , Feng Rui
Published: July 2022

Atherosclerosis, which is the fundamental basis for cardiovascular diseases in the global world, is driven by multiple roles of the immune system in the circulation and vascular plaque. Recent studies demonstrated that T-cell infiltrates into aorta plaque and plays an important role in recruiting macrophages to the vascular wall. Here, using single-cell sequencing, we found T cells in patients’ plaques and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of T cells in atherosclerosis mice. T cells and macrophages were continuously activated in atherosclerotic plaque in patients. Besides, other immune cells also take part in atherogenesis, such as natural killer (NK) cells, granulocytes. Interferon (IFN)/NFκB signaling, the AKT signaling pathway was highly activated in mouse (in vivo) and cell line (in vitro). TCF7 and XCL1 were regulated by AKT and NFκB, respectively through protein–protein network analysis. Therefore, we attempt to clarify and discover potential genes and new mechanisms associated with atherosclerosis for drug development.
Investigation on overvoltage caused by vacuum circuit breaker switching off shunt reactor in offshore wind farms
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Sun Qiuqin , Yang Jianlan , Chen She , Wang Feng , Zhong Lipeng
Published: July 2022

The multiple reignitions of vacuum circuit braker (VCB) while switching off the shunt reactor in an offshore wind farm (OWF) would produce a high overvoltage. The post‐arc process of ion movement in the vacuum interrupter is analysed. Considering the sheath growth and ion concentration variation, the expression for dielectric recovery strength inside the VCB interrupter is derived. A novel VCB model is implemented in the environment of electromagnetic transient programme based on the new reignition criterion. Then, the switching overvoltage is computed and analysed in detail. For the OWF with high rising rate of transient recovery voltage, the sheath growth must be considered in the VCB model; otherwise, the overvoltage may be underestimated. Using resistor–capacitor (RC) snubber, a new installation scheme is proposed to suppress the overvoltage in the OWF. The results indicate that the proposed scheme can not only reduce the peak and steepness of overvoltage but also damp the high‐frequency oscillation. It would not affect the steady‐state operation of OWF. Besides, the capacitor of RC snubber normally does not bear the electric stress, and its life expectancy would be greatly enhanced.
Galaxies in the central regions of simulated galaxy clusters
Authors: Ragagnin Antonio , Meneghetti Massimo , Bassini Luigi , Ragone-Figueroa Cinthia , Luigi Granato Gian , Despali Giulia , Giocoli Carlo , Granata Giovanni , Moscardini Lauro , Bergamini Pietro , Rasia Elena , Valentini Milena , Borgani Stefano , Calura Francesco , Dolag Klaus , Grillo Claudio , Mercurio Amata , Murante Giuseppe , Natarajan Priyamvada , Rosati Piero , Taffoni Giuliano , Tornatore Luca , Tortorelli Luca
Published: July 2022

Context. Recent observations found that observed cluster member galaxies are more compact than their counterparts in ΛCDM hydrodynamic simulations, as indicated by the difference in their strong gravitational lensing properties, and they reported that measured and simulated galaxy–galaxy strong lensing events on small scales are discrepant by one order of magnitude. Among the possible explanations for this discrepancy, some studies suggest that simulations with better resolution and implementing different schemes for galaxy formation could produce simulations that are in better agreement with the observations.

Aims. In this work, we aim to assess the impact of numerical resolution and of the implementation of energy input from AGN feedback models on the inner structure of cluster sub-haloes in hydrodynamic simulations.

Methods. We compared several zoom-in re-simulations of a sub-sample of cluster-sized haloes obtained by varying mass resolution and softening the length and AGN energy feedback scheme. We studied the impact of these different setups on the sub-halo (SH) abundances, their radial distribution, their density and mass profiles, and the relation between the maximum circular velocity, which is a proxy for SH compactness

Results. Regardless of the adopted numerical resolution and feedback model, SHs with masses of MSH ≲ 1011 h−1 M⊙, the most relevant mass range for galaxy–galaxy strong lensing, have maximum circular velocities ∼30% smaller than those measured from strong lensing observations. We also find that simulations with less effective AGN energy feedback produce massive SHs (MSH ≳ 1011 h−1 M⊙) with higher maximum circular velocity and that their Vmax − MSH relation approaches the observed one. However, the stellar-mass number count of these objects exceeds the one found in observations, and we find that the compactness of these simulated SHs is the result of an extremely over-efficient star formation in their cores, also leading to larger than observed SH stellar mass.

Conclusions. Regardless of the resolution and galaxy formation model adopted, simulations are unable to simultaneously reproduce the observed stellar masses and compactness (or maximum circular velocities) of cluster galaxies. Thus, the discrepancy between theory and observations that emerged previous works. It remains an open question as to whether such a discrepancy reflects limitations of the current implementation of galaxy formation models or the ΛCDM paradigm.
Free boundary Monge-Ampère equations
Authors: Sedjro Marc
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we consider a class of Monge-Ampère equations in a free boundary domain of ℝ2 where the value of the unknown function is prescribed on the free boundary. From a variational point of view, these equations describe an optimal transport problem from an a priori undetermined source domain to a prescribed target domain. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a variational solution to these Monge-Ampère equations under a singularity condition on the density function on the source domain. Furthermore, we provide regularity results under some conditions on the prescribed domain.
A C0 Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin Method and an equilibrated a posteriori error estimator for a nonlinear fourth order elliptic boundary value problem of p-biharmonic type
Authors: Hoppe Ronald H.W.
Published: July 2022

We consider a C0 Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin (C0IPDG) approximation of a nonlinear fourth order elliptic boundary value problem of p-biharmonic type and an equilibrated a posteriori error estimator. The C0IPDG method can be derived from a discretization of the corresponding minimization problem involving a suitably defined reconstruction operator. The equilibrated a posteriori error estimator provides an upper bound for the discretization error in the broken W2,p norm in terms of the associated primal and dual energy functionals. It requires the construction of an equilibrated flux and an equilibrated moment tensor based on a three-field formulation of the C0IPDG approximation. The relationship with a residual-type a posteriori error estimator is studied as well. Numerical results illustrate the performance of the suggested approach.
Recycling of chrysotile-asbestos production waste
Authors: Shevko Viktor М. , Akylbekov Yerbol Ye. , Karataeva Gulnara Ye. , Badikova Alexandra D.
Published: July 2022

The article examines results of studies on the effect of temperature, amount of carbon and pressure on the possibility of obtaining iron silicides and gaseous magnesium by carbon-thermal reduction of silicon and magnesium oxides containing in chrysotile-asbestos waste products. The studies were carried out using the HSC-6.0 software package (Outokumpy) and the second-order rotatable designs (Box-Hunter plans). It has been established that technology allows us to increase αSi(al), for example, at 1400 °C from 89.6 to 96.75%, reduce undesirable losses of silicon with gaseous SiO from 8.97 to 2.08% and slightly increase αMg(gas) from 97.41 to 97.54%. The alloy formed at 1300 °C contains 28.7% of silicon and corresponds to FS25 grade ferrosilicon.
Minimally Invasive Tubular Retractor Surgery for Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Tumor Reduces Postoperative Degeneration of Paraspinal Muscle
Authors: He Zhexi , Li Cho Ying , Mak Calvin Hoi-Kwan , Tse Tat Shing , Cheung Fung Ching
Published: July 2022

Background Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) using a tubular retractor has been increasingly utilized in spinal surgery for degenerative conditions with the benefit of paraspinal muscle preservation. This benefit has not been previously reported for intradural extramedullary tumors using the MIS approach. In this study, we aimed to compare the degree of postoperative fatty degeneration in paraspinal muscle between MIS with tubular retractor (MIS) and open laminectomy (Open) for intradural extramedullary spinal tumors.

Methods This was a retrospective review conducted in a tertiary neurosurgical center from 2015 to 2019. The degree of paraspinal muscle fatty degeneration, as measured by Goutallier grade on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), was analyzed, and the degree of excision, tumor recurrence rate, and chronic pain were compared between the two surgical approaches.

Results Among 9 patients in the MIS group and 33 patients in the Open group, the rate of gross total resection was comparable (MIS: 100.0%, Open: 97.0%, p = 1.000). The degree of paraspinal muscle fatty degeneration was significantly reduced in the MIS group (median Goutallier grade 1 in MIS group vs. median Goutallier grade 2 in Open group, p = 0.023). There was no significant difference in the tumor recurrence rate, complication rate, and chronic pain severity. A consistent trend of reduced analgesic consumption was observed in the MIS group, though not statistically significant.

Conclusions Minimally invasive tubular retractor surgery is an effective approach for appropriately selected intradural extramedullary spinal tumors with significantly reduced postoperative fatty degeneration in paraspinal muscle.
The Effect of Steroid Use on Complications after Distal Radius Fracture Repair
Authors: Quan Theodore , Chen Frank R. , Howard Peter , Gioia Casey , Pollard Tom , Gu Alex , Tabaie Sean
Published: July 2022

Background Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are the most common fracture of the upper extremity. Given that steroids are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs and are usually prescribed for chronic conditions, steroid use represents a key factor to consider in how to optimize perioperative outcomes.

Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study was to investigate if there are differences in perioperative outcomes for patients undergoing DRF open reduction and internal fixation based on preoperative steroid use.

Patients and Methods Adult patients who underwent operative treatment for DRF from 2007 to 2018 were identified in a national database. Patients were divided into two cohorts as follows: (1) no steroid usage and (2) preoperative steroid usage. In this analysis, various postoperative complications, as well as extended length of stay and reoperation, were assessed. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistical regression were performed.

Results Among a total of 16,505 patients undergoing operative treatment for DRF, 16,145 patients (97.8%) did not have steroid usage and 360 (2.2%) had steroid usage. Following adjustment, an increased risk of extended length of hospital stay greater than 3 days (odds ratio [OR] = 1.646; p = 0.012) was seen in the steroid usage group compared with those who did not use steroids within 30 days of surgery.

Conclusion Preoperative steroid use is associated with increased length of stay over 3 days after DRF open reduction and internal fixation surgery but is not associated with any of the other complications that were assessed in this study.

Level of Evidence This is a Level III, retrospective study.
A seismometer that can be used to study pre-quake signals
Authors: Wright John R.
Published: July 2022

The sensitive, broadband seismometer described in this paper is based on frequency modulation and a two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform method to obtain time vs frequency (and seismic amplitude) recordings. The intent was to develop an instrument that could compare seismic recordings with variables (as signals) that, for rational reasons, might be active before a seismic rupture and, thus, possibly serve as quake warning indicators. Five such variables were eventually incorporated into the instrument and tested as amplitudes: electric field changes, the electromagnetic spectrum between 3 and 30 Hz (extremely low frequency as Schumann-like emissions), the electromagnetic spectrum between 0.3 and 3 Hz (possibly ionospheric Alfvén waves acting through the geomagnetic field), and short period seismic resonances at 10.1 and 15.9 Hz. All five of the sensors actually detected possible precursors of the seismic events that followed them. However, the 3–30 Hz electromagnetic signals showed up in less than 10% of the recorded earthquakes. The signals of the 0.3–3 Hz band were also not in all quake recordings. Broadband strobing was recorded before several earthquakes and was especially prominent for hours before a quake near Wyatt MO and Bardwell KY on 2017-03-19. The strobe issue appears to be worthy of further scrutiny. The lack of a good electric conduction mechanism between earthquake hypocenters and the earth–ionosphere cavity may be the reason why the Schumann-like emissions of the 3–30 Hz band were not observed for most earthquakes. A magnetometer is a preferred next step because it could increase the percentage of quakes with observable effects. In addition, a short period seismic resonator for 20 Hz is another desirable addition.
Laser measurements of static and dynamic dipole polarizability for 11 metal atoms using fast exploding wires in vacuum and integrated-phase technique
Authors: Sarkisov G. S.
Published: July 2022

The rapid electrical explosion of thin metal wires in a vacuum can completely vaporize the wire and form a fast-expanding gas cylinder of metal atoms. Thin metal wires 12.7 μm in diameter made of W, Mo, Pt, Pd, Ni, Cu, Au, and Al completely evaporated during the first ∼10 ns under the action of a fast-rising current of ∼1 kA/ns. Laser interferometry and the integrated phase technique were used to reconstruct the dynamic atomic polarizability for fully vaporized thin metal wires at 532 and 1064 nm wavelength, calculate the static atomic polarizability, the first dipole-allowed electronic transition energy, and transition wavelengths, and compare our reconstructions with available tabulated values.
The 3D magnetic topology and plasma dynamics in open stochastic magnetic field lines
Authors: Yoo Min-Gu , Wang W. X , Startsev E. , Ma C. H. , Ethier S. , Chen J. , Tang X. Z.
Published: July 2022

The thermal quench triggered by locked modes is known to be mainly due to open stochastic magnetic field lines connected to the wall boundary. It is essential to understand the 3D structure of open stochastic field lines since it determines the overall plasma dynamics in the system. In this study, we analyze the 3D magnetic topology for two key concepts, the connection length Lc and the effective magnetic mirror ratio Meff, and present a comprehensive picture of electron and ion dynamics related to the magnetic topology. The connection length determines the 3D structure of the ambipolar potential, and a sharp potential drop across distinct Lc regions induces the E × B transport and mixing across the field line. The confinement of electrons and ions along the field line is determined by the ambipolar potential and Meff configuration. Electron and ion temperatures in magnetic hills (Meff<1) are lower than in magnetic wells (Meff>1) because particles in magnetic hills are more likely to escape toward the wall boundary along the field line. The mixing between the magnetic wells and hills by E × B and magnetic drift motions results in collisionless detrapping of electrons and ions, which reduces their temperature efficiently. Numerical simulations of two different magnetic configurations demonstrate the importance of the collisionless detrapping mechanism, which could be the main cause of plasma temperature drop during the thermal quench.
Ground state energy of the low density Bose gas with three-body interactions
Authors: Nam Phan Thành , Ricaud Julien , Triay Arnaud
Published: July 2022

We consider the low density Bose gas in the thermodynamic limit with a three-body interaction potential. We prove that the leading order of the ground state energy of the system is determined completely in terms of the scattering energy of the interaction potential. The corresponding result for two-body interactions was proved in seminal papers of Dyson [Phys. Rev. 106, 20–26 (1957)] and of Lieb and Yngvason [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2504–2507 (1998)].
Incompatibility of published ac magnetic susceptibility of a room temperature superconductor with measured raw data
Authors: Hirsch J. E. , van der Marel D.
Published: July 2022

A material termed “carbonaceous sulfur hydride” has recently been reported to be a high-pressure room temperature superconductor [Snider et al., Nature 586, 373 (2020)]. We have previously pointed out that certain anomalies observed in the published data for the ac magnetic susceptibility of this material would be cleared up once the measured raw data were made available [J. E. Hirsch, arXiv:2110.12854v1 (2021) and J. E. Hirsch, Physica C 590, 1353964 (2021) (temporarily removed)]. The measured raw data, as well as numerical values of the data presented in figures in the aforementioned paper by Snider et al., have recently been posted on the arXiv [R. P. Dias and A. Salamat, arXiv:2111.15017v1 (2021) and R. P. Dias and A. Salamat, arXiv:2111.15017v2 (2021)]. Here, we report the results of our analysis of these raw data and published data and our conclusion that the raw data are incompatible with the published data. Implications of these results for the claim that the material is a room temperature superconductor are discussed.