bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating a Just Culture in the Perioperative Setting
Authors: Hooven Katie , Altmiller Gerry
Published: January 2024

There has been an increased perioperative focus on avoiding adverse events and providing safe patient care since To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System published in 2000. Adverse events continue to occur in perioperative areas and are likely underreported. The interdisciplinary nature and high cost of perioperative care may discourage personnel from speaking up for fear of retribution and punishment when reporting. Organization leaders can implement a just culture that focuses on improving patient care processes and safety rather than placing blame after an adverse event. A tenet of just culture is achieving balanced accountability between systems and individuals. Strategies for just culture implementation include leader support, policies and procedures for reporting, accessibility of reporting systems, provision of information for staff members, identification of support champions, and creation of a good catch program. Leaders also should measure and track progress associated with the just culture in their facility.
Leveraging Clinical Ladder Nurses to Support an Education Program on Intraoperative Cell Salvage for Obstetric Patients
Authors: Ward Laura
Published: January 2024

Postpartum hemorrhage continues to be a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States. With the use of appropriate screening tools and treatment modalities, most of these deaths are preventable. Various interventions are used to prevent and treat postpartum hemorrhage, though intraoperative cell salvage historically has been contraindicated in the obstetric setting. This article explores the implementation of intraoperative cell salvage in the obstetric setting at two campuses of a health care system with the assistance of nurses participating in a professional nurses advancement program (ie, a clinical ladder). The initiative comprised a literature review, interdisciplinary collaboration, and education planning and execution. The educational approach focused on adult learners and included both self‐directed and instructor‐led elements. Including clinical nurses in clinical education is beneficial because they are highly motivated to share evidence‐based practice with their peers to elevate patient safety and quality measures, making them ideal education partners.
Synthesis of mesocarbon microbeads from high‐temperature coal tar pitch: Effects of quinoline insoluble
Authors: Zishuo Gu , Fei Wang , Yunyang Wang , Yilin Fang , Yaming Zhu , Jun Lv , Junxia Cheng , Ying Wang , Xuefei Zhao
Published: January 2024

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMBs) were a kind of functional artificial carbon materials, which was widely used in varied areas with its excellent properties. MCMB was generally produced by thermal‐polymerization of high‐temperature coal tar pitch under oxygen‐free atmosphere. Generally, the content of primary quinoline insoluble (PQI) play a key role on the quality of the derived MCMB. In order to confirm the relationship between the content of PQI and the properties of MCMB, 15 kinds of high‐temperature coal tar pitch with varied content of PQI were used as the raw materials to produce MCMB. The particle size distribution, optical micro‐structure, surface morphology, and carbon micro‐crystalline of calcinated MCMB were determined in this work. The results shown that the content of PQI from 7% to 13% was a suitable content to generate high quality MCMB. What is more, the derived MCMB has a high yield of 33.09% with good sphericity, the uniformity index of particle size was 1.02, and the graphite carbon content of calcinated MCMB (calcinated temperature of 1100°C) was 79.92%. Thus, the high‐temperature coal tar pitch with the PQI content of 7%–13% was the preferably raw materials to produce high‐quality MCMB by thermal‐polymerization method.
Effect of hygrothermal conditioning on compressive strength after impact in carbon fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: de Paiva Jane Maria Faulstich , Hosokawa Meire Noriko , Montagna Larissa Stieven , Rezende Mirabel Cerqueira
Published: January 2024

Carbon fiber‐reinforced polymers have been widely applied in structural parts and components in several sectors, in addition to being constantly used in environments with the presence of humidity and high temperatures, which can affect their density, hardness, and rigidity. In this work, the influence of hydrothermal conditioning on carbon fiber (CF)/epoxy composites was investigated using three types of epoxy resin and two different CF fabric reinforcements, that is, plain weave and eight harness satin (8HS) arrangements. The CF/epoxy composites were subjected to compression after impact (CAI) test by 28 and 40 J energy and then exposed to hydrothermal conditioning for 8 weeks. After the CAI tests, the visual analysis of all composites presented microbuckling mechanisms. The composites tested with 40 J energy absorbed only 2% more moisture compared with the other composites, nonimpacted, and tested with 28 J, indicating that the impact damage did not cause delamination between the layers of the composites, which could facilitate the absorption of water. All composites analyzed showed resistance to CAI even after exposure to humidity, with decreases ranging from 2.8% to 23.8% about the unconditioned specimens. The decrease in CAI also shows the influence of the type of epoxy matrix and the arrangement of the CF in fabrics.
Effect of Recent Antirheumatic Drug on Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Authors: Hoshida Yoshihiko , Tsujii Atsuko , Ohshima Shiro , Saeki Yukihiko , Yagita Masato , Miyamura Tomoya , Katayama Masao , Kawasaki Tomonori , Hiramatsu Yasushi , Oshima Hisaji , Murayama Toshihiko , Higa Shinji , Kuraoka Kazuya , Hirano Fuminori , Ichikawa Kenji , Kurosawa Mitsutoshi , Suzuki Hiroaki , Chiba Noriyuki , Sugiyama Takao , Minami Yuko , Niino Hitoshi , Ihata Atsushi , Saito Ikuo , Mitsuo Akiko , Maejima Toshitaka , Kawashima Atsuhiro , Tsutani Hiroshi , Takahi Koichiro , Kasai Takahiko , Shinno Yoko , Tachiyama Yoshiro , Teramoto Norihiro , Taguchi Kenichi , Naito Shinji , Yoshizawa Shigeru , Ito Masahiro , Suenaga Yasuo , Mori Shunsuke , Nagakura Shoichi , Yoshikawa Norie , Nomoto Mitsuharu , Ueda Atsuhisa , Nagaoka Shouhei , Tsuura Yukio , Setoguchi Keigo , Sugii Shoji , Abe Asami , Sugaya Toshiaki , Sugahara Hiroyuki , Fujita Shigeki , Kunugiza Yasuo , Iizuka Norishige , Yoshihara Ryosuke , Yabe Hiroki , Fujisaki Tomoaki , Morii Eiichi , Takeshita Morishige , Sato Masakazu , Saito Kazuyoshi , Matsui Kiyoshi , Tomita Yasuhiko , Furukawa Hiroshi , Tohma Shigeto
Published: January 2024

Objective

In this study, we examine how advancements in novel antirheumatic drugs affect the clinicopathologic features of lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

In this multicenter study across 53 hospitals in Japan, we characterized patients with RA who developed LPDs and visited the hospitals between January 1999 and March 2021. The statistical tools used included Fisher's exact test, the Mann‐Whitney U‐test, the log‐rank test, logistic regression analysis, and Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Overall, 752 patients with RA‐associated LPD (RA‐LPD) and 770 with sporadic LPD were included in the study. We observed significant differences in the clinicopathologic features between patients with RA‐LPD and those with sporadic LPD. Histopathological analysis revealed a high frequency of LPD‐associated immunosuppressive conditions. Furthermore, patients with RA‐LPD were evaluated based on the antirheumatic drugs administered. The methotrexate (MTX) plus tacrolimus and MTX plus tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) groups had different affected site frequencies and histologic subtypes than the MTX‐only group. Moreover, MTX and TNFi may synergistically affect susceptibility to Epstein‐Barr virus infection. In case of antirheumatic drugs administered after LPD onset, tocilizumab (TCZ)–only therapy was associated with lower frequency of regrowth after spontaneous regression than other regimens.

Conclusion

Antirheumatic drugs administered before LPD onset may influence the clinicopathologic features of RA‐LPD, with patterns changing over time. Furthermore, TCZ‐only regimens are recommended after LPD onset.

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Diglyme as a Promoter for the Electrochemical Formation of Quaternary Graphite Intercalation Compounds Containing two Different Types of Solvents
Authors: Son Youhyun , Åvall Gustav , Ferrero Guillermo A. , Freytag Annica I. , Escher Ines , Janßen Knut Arne , Jauregui Maria , Saurel Damien , Galceran Montserrat , Adelhelm Philipp
Published: January 2024

Co‐intercalation using ether‐based electrolytes renders graphite as a promising anode material in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). While most research on electrochemical solvent co‐intercalation in graphite has focused on linear ethers such as mono‐, di‐, tri‐, tetra‐, and penta‐glyme, we herein investigate the possibility of reversible electrochemical co‐intercalation with alternative solvents, especially cyclic ethers tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL), which show no signs of co‐intercalation on their own. We demonstrate, however, that this reaction becomes feasible when incorporating diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (2G, diglyme) as an additive. Operando X‐ray diffraction and ex‐situ ss‐NMR techniques are employed comprehensively to understand the co‐intercalation reaction of these cyclic ethers, along with Na+‐glymes, into graphite during cycling. When using these mixed electrolytes i. e., THF/2G and DOL/2G, the voltage profiles changes compared to the pure glyme‐based electrolyte, while showing comparable specific capacities and good long‐term durability. Overall, we propose that even trace amounts of diglyme prompt the co‐intercalation of THF and DOL into graphite layers. This leads to the formation of quaternary graphite intercalation compounds (q‐GICs), expanding beyond the realm of ternary graphite intercalation compounds (t‐GICs).
A deep‐red xanthene‐based highly sensitive fluorescent probe for detection of hypochlorite
Authors: Sun Jie , Abdulahat Mehrigul , Obolda Ablikim , Ma Xuelian , Hazretomar Parida , Ding Zhaoze , Wang Jinquan
Published: January 2024

As an oxidant, deodorant and bleaching agent, the hypochlorous acid (HClO) and hypochlorite (ClO−) are widely used in corrosion inhibitors, textile dyes, pharmaceutical intermediates and in our daily lives. However, excess usage or aberrant accumulation of ClO− leads to tissue damage or some diseases and even cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a fluorescent probe that specifically identifies ClO−. In this article, we synthesized a deep‐red xanthene‐based fluorescent probe (XA‐CN). The strong electron deficient group dicyano endows the probe XA‐CN deep‐red fluorescent emission with high solubility, selectivity and sensitivity for ClO− detection. Studies showed that the probe demonstrated turn‐off fluorescence (643 nm) at the presence of ClO− in dimethylsulfoxide/phosphate‐buffered saline 1:1 (pH 9) solution with a limit of detection of 1.64 μM. Detection mechanism investigation revealed that the electron deficient group ‐CN and the hydroxyl group was oxidized into aldehyde or carbonyl groups at the presence of ClO−, resulting ultraviolet‐visible absorption of the probe blue shifted and turned‐off fluorescence. Furthermore, XA‐CN was successfully used for the detection of ClO− in tap water samples.
LGBTQ+ inequity in crowdfunding cancer costs: The influence of online reach and LGBTQ+ state policy
Authors: Waters Austin R. , Easterly Caleb W. , Turner Cindy , Ghazal Lauren , Tovar Ida , Mulvaney Megan , Poquadeck Matt , Rains Stephen A. , Cloyes Kristin G. , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Kent Erin E. , Warner Echo L.
Published: January 2024

Background

Emerging literature suggests that LGBTQ+ cancer survivors are more likely to experience financial burden than non‐LGBTQ+ survivors. However, LGBTQ+ cancer survivors experience with cost‐coping behaviors such as crowdfunding is understudied.

Methods

We aimed to assess LGBTQ+ inequity in cancer crowdfunding by combining community‐engaged and technology‐based methods. Crowdfunding campaigns were web‐scraped from GoFundMe and classified as cancer‐related and LGBTQ+ or non‐LGBTQ+ using term dictionaries. Bivariate analyses and generalized linear models were used to assess differential effects in total goal amount raised by LGBTQ+ status. Stratified models were run by online reach and LGBTQ+ inclusivity of state policy.

Results

A total of N = 188,342 active cancer‐related crowdfunding campaigns were web‐scraped from GoFundMe in November 2022, of which N = 535 were LGBTQ+ and ranged from 2014 to 2022. In multivariable models of recent campaigns (2019–2022), LGBTQ+ campaigns raised $1608 (95% CI: −2139, −1077) less than non‐LGBTQ+ campaigns. LGBTQ+ campaigns with low (26–45 donors), moderate (46–87 donors), and high (88–240 donors) online reach raised on average $1152 (95% CI: −$1589, −$716), $1050 (95% CI: −$1737, −$364), and $2655 (95% CI: −$4312, −$998) less than non‐LGBTQ+ campaigns respectively. When stratified by LGBTQ+ inclusivity of state level policy states with anti‐LGBTQ+ policy/lacking equitable policy raised on average $1910 (95% CI: −2640, −1182) less than non‐LGBTQ+ campaigns from the same states.

Conclusions and Relevance

Our findings revealed LGBTQ+ inequity in cancer‐related crowdfunding, suggesting that LGBTQ+ cancer survivors may be less able to address financial burden via crowdfunding in comparison to non‐LGBTQ+ cancer survivors—potentially widening existing economic inequities.
Design of Functional Globular β‐Sheet Miniproteins
Authors: Pham Truc Lam , Thomas Franziska
Published: January 2024

The design of discrete β‐sheet peptides is far less advanced than e. g. the design of α‐helical peptides. The reputation of β‐sheet peptides as being poorly soluble and aggregation‐prone often hinders active design efforts. Here, we show that this reputation is unfounded. We demonstrate this by looking at the β‐hairpin and WW domain. Their structure and folding have been extensively studied and they have long served as model systems to investigate protein folding and folding kinetics. The resulting fundamental understanding has led to the development of hyperstable β‐sheet scaffolds that fold at temperatures of 100 °C or high concentrations of denaturants. These have been used to design functional miniproteins with protein or nucleic acid binding properties, in some cases with such success that medical applications are conceivable. The β‐sheet scaffolds are not always completely rigid, but can be specifically designed to respond to changes in pH, redox potential or presence of metal ions. Some engineered β‐sheet peptides also exhibit catalytic properties, although not comparable to those of natural proteins. Previous reviews have focused on the design of stably folded and non‐aggregating β‐sheet sequences. In our review, we now also address design strategies to obtain functional miniproteins from β‐sheet folding motifs.
Survivin inhibition ameliorates liver fibrosis by inducing hepatic stellate cell senescence and depleting hepatic macrophage population
Authors: Sharma Sachin , Ghufran Shaikh Maryam , Aftab Mehreen , Bihari Chhagan , Ghose Sampa , Biswas Subhrajit
Published: January 2024

Persistent activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the injured liver leads to the progression of liver injury from fibrosis to detrimental cirrhosis. In a previous study, we have shown that survivin protein is upregulated during the early activation of HSCs, which triggers the onset of liver fibrosis. However, the therapeutic potential of targeting survivin in a fully established fibrotic liver needs to be investigated. In this study, we chemically induced hepatic fibrosis in mice using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 6 weeks, which was followed by treatment with a survivin suppressant (YM155). We also evaluated survivin expression in fibrotic human liver tissues, primary HSCs, and HSC cell line by histological analysis. αSMA+ HSCs in human and mice fibrotic liver tissues showed enhanced survivin expression, whereas the hepatocytes and quiescent (qHSCs) displayed minimal expression. Alternatively, activated M2 macrophage subtype induced survivin expression in HSCs through the TGF‐β‐TGF‐β receptor‐I/II signaling. Inhibition of survivin in HSCs promoted cell cycle arrest and senescence, which eventually suppressed their activation. In vivo, YM155 treatment increased the expression of cell senescence makers in HSCs around fibrotic septa such as p53, p21, and β‐galactosidase. YM155 treatment in vivo also reduced the hepatic macrophage population and inflammatory cytokine expression in the liver. In conclusion, downregulation of survivin in the fibrotic liver decreases HSC activation by inducing cellular senescence and modulating macrophage cytokine expression that collectively ameliorates liver fibrosis.
Probing the Isolobal Relation between Cp′′′NiP3 and White Phosphorus by Experimental Charge Density Analysis
Authors: Meurer Florian , Kleemiss Florian , Riesinger Christoph , Balázs Gábor , Vuković Vedran , Shenderovich Ilya G. , Jelsch Christian , Bodensteiner Michael
Published: January 2024

An in‐depth analysis of the description of bonding within Cp′′′Ni‐cyclo‐P3 (Cp′′′=1,2,4‐tri‐tert‐butylcyclopentadienyl, [Ni]P3) employing X‐ray diffraction based multipolar modeling, density functional theory (DFT) as well as an “experimental wavefunction” obtained from X‐ray restrained wavefunction (XRW) fitting is presented. The results are compared to DFT calculations on white phosphorus – an isolobal analogue to [Ni]P3. A complementary bonding analysis shows insights into the reactivity of [Ni]P3. The isolobal principle is reflected in every aspect of our analysis and the employed methods seamlessly predict the differences in reactivity of [Ni]P3 and P4. Crystallographic modeling, solid‐state NMR, and DFT calculations describe the dynamic behavior of the cyclo‐P3 unit in the title molecule.
Reversible Restrain and Release of the Dynamic Valence Isomerization in a Shape‐shifting Bullvalene by Complex Formation
Authors: Dohmen Christoph , Paululat Thomas , Ihmels Heiko
Published: January 2024

In search for structural features that enable the control of the valence isomerization of the fluxional bullvalene, a bullvalene‐bis(harmane) conjugate is identified that acts as chelating ligand in complexes with metal ions. Spectrometric titrations show that this ligand forms 1 : 1 complexes with Ag+, Cu+, Cu2+, and Zn2+. Most importantly, detailed NMR‐spectroscopic analysis at different temperatures reveals that the complexation with Ag+ strongly affects the dynamic isomerization of the bullvalene unit of the ligand such that only one predominant valence isomer is formed, even at 5 °C. Detailed 1H‐NMR‐spectroscopic studies disclose an increased barrier (~11 kJ mol−1) of the Cope rearrangement. Furthermore, the addition of hexacyclene displaces the Ag+ from the complex, so that the valence isomerization is accelerated and an equilibrium with two predominant isomers is formed. In turn, repeated addition of Ag+ regains the complex with the restrained isomerization of the bullvalene unit. This method to control the valence isomerism by straightforward chemical stimuli may be used to simplify structural analysis at elevated temperatures, i. e. a feature not available so far with bullvalenes, and it may be employed as functional element in dynamic supramolecular assemblies.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluations of Novel Human Parathyroid Hormone 1 Receptor (hPTHR1) Agonists Bearing Bicyclic Aromatic Moiety
Authors: Nishimura Yoshikazu , Esaki Toru , Isshiki Yoshiaki , Furuta Yoshiyuki , Emura Takashi , Watanabe Yoshiaki , Ohta Masateru , Arai Shinichi , Noda Hiroshi , Shimizu Masaru , Tamura Tatsuya , Sato Haruhiko
Published: January 2024

We have previously shown that the small molecule hPTHR1 agonist PCO371 (1) orally and dose‐dependently induces PTH‐like calcemic and hypophostemic activity in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. Compound 2a, bearing a bicyclic aromatic ring, was identified as a novel hPTHR1 agonist during hit to lead modification. It showed moderate PTHR1 agonistic activity with an EC20 value of 15 μM, and its metabolic stability in human liver microsome (hLM) as well as its solubility in phosphate buffer (PPb) and Fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) were found to be poor. As results of the initial derivatization of 2a, we identified the indole derivatives as another scaffold. In this article, we report on the structure‐activity relationship (SAR), structure‐metabolism relationship (SMR), and structure‐solubility relationship (SSR) of bicyclic aromatic derivatives, and the in vivo efficacy of 2j.
Capacitor voltage self‐balancing using active DC‐link technique for a single‐phase, five‐level neutral point clamped inverter
Authors: Alsolami Mohammed
Published: January 2024

The article proposes a new DC‐link voltage balancing method for a single‐phase, five‐level DC/AC neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter. Nowadays, the NPC converter is a suitable solution for various applications; however, the unequal voltage of the DC‐link capacitors is a significant disadvantage of this topology. In this paper, a simple auxiliary unit is inserted in the DC‐link to enable a self‐balancing capacitor voltage. The auxiliary circuit is composed of two capacitors and four active switching devices. The idea of the proposed method is to construct an active DC‐link bus; thus, the two DC‐link capacitors can be connected in series during the charging process and in parallel during the discharging process. As a result, its capacitance and root mean square (RMS) current are greatly reduced. Unlike other auxiliary circuits, the new method requires no additional storage elements or complex control systems. The operating principle and switching schemes are analyzed. The effectiveness of the introduced method is evaluated experimentally using the balancing circuits under different load conditions and different value of modulation indices.
Toward functional profiling for eDNA‐based monitoring in coastal environments: A comparison of three approaches
Authors: Abad‐Recio Ion L. , Alonso‐Sáez Laura , Lanzén Anders
Published: January 2024

Coastal environments, crucial and intricate ecosystems, face threats from human activities like pollution, eutrophication, and climate change. Monitoring microbial communities can aid in understanding the state of these habitats. Environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques provide efficient and comprehensive monitoring by capturing broader diversity. Besides structural profiling, eDNA methods allow the study of functional profiles, encompassing the genes within the microbial community. In this study, three methodologies were compared for functional profiling of microbial communities in estuarine and coastal sites in the Bay of Biscay. The methodologies included inference from 16S metabarcoding data using Tax4Fun, GeoChip microarrays, and shotgun metagenomics. Results revealed significant functional diversity across all sampling sites, irrespective of their environmental status. Most predicted KEGG Orthologs (KOs) showed consistency between metagenomics and Tax4Fun datasets, with correlated abundances. However, abundances derived from GeoChip did not correlate with either dataset. When comparing estuaries based on environmental status, Tax4Fun and metagenomics identified over 24% of KOs with significantly different abundances. KOs overrepresented in estuaries with a poor ecological status displayed an abundance of pathways associated with anaerobic metabolism, such as methanogenesis.
Synthesis and physical investigation of Al doped La2O3 thin films for wettability applications
Authors: Jbeli Rabia , Dabaki Youssef , Ahmed Nazar Elamin , Zaied I. , Askri Basma , Saadallah Faycel , Amlouk Mosbah
Published: January 2024

In this work, aluminum doped La2O3 thin films deposited by the spray pyrolysis technique, are investigated by many characterization techniques. First, XRD spectra reveal the presence of two phases. A dominant cubic phase is obtained for pure La2O3 with (220) preferential orientation. The second hexagonal phase with (004) orientation is present in all doped samples. It is found that Al doping induces a perovskite crystalline structure identified as lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3). Second, FTIR spectra include the main peaks of La‐O bonds related to La2O3 structure. Photoluminescence (PL) shows a good enhancement by Al doping related to LaAlO3 nanoparticles. Finally, the surface wettability measurements corroborate the hydrophobic character of all doped samples.
Waste peanut shells derived activated carbon for dual electrochemical applications
Authors: Kumar Sushant , Singh Diksha , Singh Abhimanyu , Srivastava Monika , Kumar Sandeep , Singh Ritu , Yadav Tarun , Alheety Mustafa A. , Singh Pramod K.
Published: January 2024

In recent scenarios, plenty of research has been conducted on porous activated carbon derived from biowaste precursors. The well‐developed surface area and porous nature of biowaste‐derived activated carbon material make them good candidates for electrochemical devices to use as electrode material. In the present work, we have used waste peanut shells (W.P.) as a precursor material to derive large surface area activated carbon. Chemical activation is used to activate the activated carbon, for which ZnCl2 is used as an activating agent. The waste peanut shell‐derived activated carbon (WPAC) is studied via XRD, FESEM, and BET. Prepared carbon shows a large BET surface area of 1366 m2 g−1 and a well‐developed pore structure; the presence of pores is also confirmed by FESEM images. A solid‐state supercapacitor is also fabricated using waste peanut shell‐based activated carbon and ionic liquid‐based polymer electrolyte. The EDLC is further studied using electrochemical characterizations such as CV, EIS, and GCD. The EIS study found that the WPAC‐based EDLC cell shows a specific capacitance of 25 F/g at 10 mHz. A DSSC is also fabricated using the WPAC on the counter electrode, and it shows an efficiency of 0.96% with a fill factor of 27.79.
Pedicled flaps reconstruction of hypopharynx and laryngeal defects: Successful preservation of laryngeal function in patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Li Leyu , Fan Lixiao , Jiang Zheng , Yang Xin , Wang Dejuan , Chen Fei , Gu Deying , Liu Jun
Published: January 2024

Background

Preserving laryngeal function and reconstructing the hypopharynx in advanced hypopharyngeal cancer pose significant challenges for head and neck surgeons.

Methods

A 48‐year‐old male patient was diagnosed with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer originating from the left pyriform sinus. The tumor extended into the hypopharynx, left vocal cord, ventricular fold, partial aryepiglottic fold, and a segment of the cervical esophagus. A curative tumor resection was performed, and a well‐thought‐out strategy was employed for hypopharyngeal repair and laryngeal reconstruction.

Results

Following the surgery, the patient demonstrated exceptional flap survival, and the tracheostomy tube was removed at the 6‐month mark. No surgery‐related complications were observed, and both swallowing and vocal functions exhibited a robust recovery.

Conclusion

Our reconstruction strategy proves effective in preserving laryngeal function among patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer.
Perforator‐based chimeric ulnar forearm microvascular free tissue transfer reconstruction of post‐radiated tracheoesophageal puncture fistulae
Authors: Wang Ray , Manon Victoria , Huang Andrew T.
Published: January 2024

Tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) performed during total laryngectomy in the primary treatment of laryngeal cancer is the standard method for voice restoration. Following adjuvant radiotherapy, the TEP site can experience complications resulting in a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) with chronic leakage making oral alimentation unsafe due to aspiration. Here, we describe a technique using chimeric ulnar artery perforator forearm free flaps (UAPFF) in the reconstruction of these complex deformities. Four patients underwent chimeric UAPFF reconstruction of TEP site TEFs following primary TL with TEP and adjuvant radiotherapy. No flap failures or surgical complications occurred. Average time from end of radiotherapy to persistent TEF was 66 months (range 4–190 months). All patients had resolution in their TEF with average time to total oral diet achievement of 22 days (14–42 days). Chimeric UAPFF reconstruction is a safe and effective method to reconstruct recalcitrant TEP site TEFs.
High pretreatment disease burden as a risk factor for infectious complications following CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy for large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: O'Reilly Maeve A. , Neill Lorna , Collin Simon M. , Stone Neil , Springell Deborah , Mensah Jeremy , Cheok Kathleen P. L. , Jalowiec Katarzyna , Benjamin Reuben , Kuhnl Andrea , Roddie Claire , Sanderson Robin
Published: January 2024

Infection has emerged as the chief cause of non‐relapse mortality (NRM) post CD19‐targeting chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy (CAR‐T) therapy. Even though up to 50% of patients may remain infection‐free, many suffer multiple severe, life‐threatening, or fatal infectious events. The primary aim of this study was to explore severe and life‐threatening infections post licensed CAR‐T therapy in large B‐cell lymphoma, with a focus on the role of disease burden and disease sites in assessing individual risk. We sought to understand the cohort of patients who experience ≥2 infections and those at the highest risk of infectious NRM. Our analysis identifies a higher disease burden after bridging therapy as associated with infection events. Those developing ≥2 infections emerged as a uniquely high‐risk cohort, particularly if the second (or beyond) infection occurred during an episode of immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) or while on steroids and/or anakinra for ICANS. Herein, we also describe the first reported cases of “CAR‐T cold sepsis,” a phenomenon characterized by the lack of an appreciable systemic inflammatory response at the time of detection of infection. We propose a risk‐based strategy to encourage heightened clinician awareness of cold sepsis, with a view to reducing NRM.
Sizing and mending of appendicular muscle mass for hydration during the 12‐lead electrocardiogram: True incidence of sarcopenia in heart failure
Authors: Skrabal Falko , Heymsfield Steven B. , Skrabal Katharina , Weber Thomas , Fruhwald Friedrich , Windhaber Jana , Mady Samy
Published: January 2024

Background

Our aim was to develop and evaluate a method for the measurement of muscle mass during the 12‐channel electrocardiogram (ECG), to determine the incidence of sarcopenia in patients with overhydration and to correct it for congestion.

Methods

A 12‐channel ECG that simultaneously provided multifrequency segmental impedance data was used to measure total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), ECW/TBW ratio and appendicular muscle mass (AppMM), validated by whole‐body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. The mean ECW/TBW ratio was 0.24 ± 0.018 (SD) and 0.25 ± 0.016 for young (age range 20–25 years) healthy males (n = 77) and females (n = 88), respectively. The deviation of the ECW/TBW ratio from this mean was used to correct AppMM for excess ECW (‘dry AppMM’) in 869 healthy controls and in 765 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) New York Heart Association classes II–IV. The association of AppMM and dry AppMM with grip strength was also examined in 443 controls and patients.

Results

With increasing N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), a continuous decline of AppMM indices is observed, which is more pronounced for dry AppMM indices (for males with NT‐proBNP < 125 pg/mL: AppMM index mean = 8.4 ± 1.05, AppMM index dry mean = 8.0 ± 1.46 [n = 201, P < 0.001]; for females with NT‐proBNP < 150 pg/mL: AppMM index mean = 6.4 ± 1.0, AppMM index dry mean = 5.8 ± 1.18 [n = 198, P < 0.001]; for males with NT‐proBNP > 1000 pg/mL: AppMM index mean = 7.6 ± 0.98, AppMM index dry mean = 6.2 ± 1.11 [n = 137, P < 0.001]; and for females with NT‐proBNP > 1000 pg/mL: AppMM index mean = 5.9 ± 0.96, AppMM index dry mean = 4.8 ± 0.94 [n = 109, P < 0.001]). The correlation between AppMM and upper‐body AppMM and grip strength (r‐value) increased from 0.79 to 0.83 (P < 0.001) and from 0.80 to 0.84 (P < 0.001), respectively, after correction (n = 443). The decline of AppMM with age after correction for ECW is much steeper than appreciated, especially in males: In patients with CHF and sarcopenia, the incidence of sarcopenia may be up to 30% higher after correction for ECW excess according to the European (62% vs. 57%, for males, and 43% vs. 31%, for females) and Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) (56% vs. 46%, for males, and 54% vs. 38%, for females) consensus guidelines.

Conclusions

The incidence of sarcopenia in CHF as defined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia and FNIH consensus may be up to 30% higher after correction for ECW excess. This correction improves the correlation between muscle mass and strength. The presented technology will facilitate, on a large scale, screening for sarcopenia, help identify mechanisms and improve understanding of clinical outcomes.
The role of multi‐stakeholder initiatives in advancing circularity and social sustainability in the textiles sector of Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Arif Mostafa , van Dijk Meine Pieter
Published: January 2024

The global north is garnering multi‐stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) for circular textiles. Past MSIs however have yielded less‐than‐satisfactory social sustainability outcomes in Bangladesh. So this article asks, what impact has textiles MSIs have had on the sustainability transformation of the textiles chain in Bangladesh? And how can policymakers accelerate this transition to a circular economy? Fieldwork finds circularity issues are advancing at different rates because the industry transformation is suffering from lack of attention, motivation, knowledge, relationships, and resources at the micro‐level, and a lack of strategic alignment, structural flexibility, and routine rigidity, between MSI stakeholders, at the meso and macro levels. The article then discusses the role of MSIs in restructuring the global textiles industry and offers a five‐pronged approach to accelerate the transition to a circular economy.
Curious and Persistent, but not Consistent: Self‐regulation Traits and Creativity
Authors: Lin Shengjie , Ivcevic Zorana , Kashdan Todd B. , Kaufman Scott Barry
Published: January 2024

The present study examines two self‐regulation traits, grit and curiosity, in predicting creative achievement in an adult sample (N = 522). Grit has been related to achievement in various domains, and although prior empirical work failed to find associations with everyday creative activities in adolescent and young adult samples, theoretically it is relevant to long‐term creative achievement (which requires persistence). Curiosity supports creative achievement through positive judgments of novelty and an intrinsic motivation to approach instead of avoid uncertainty, and both novelty and uncertainty are central to the creative process. Results showed that the perseverance dimension of grit positively predicted creative achievement, whereas the consistency of interests dimension was negatively related to creative achievement. Additionally, five curiosity dimensions predicted creative achievement above grit. In particular, thrill seeking predicted creative achievement in both art and science; deprivation sensitivity positively predicted creative achievement in art. Our research suggests that, instead of a narrow focus on consistency of interest, creative achievement benefits from curiosity.
NSAID use in orthopedic surgery: A review of current evidence and clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Ryan Patrick M. , Scherry Haydn , Pierson Ryan , Wilson Charlie Dee , Probe Robert A.
Published: January 2024

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a valuable class of medications for orthopedic surgeons and often play a pivotal role in pain control. However, there are many common stipulations resulting in avoidance of its use in the treatment of musculoskeletal disease. This review summarizes the mechanism of action of NSAIDs as well as provides an overview of commonly used NSAIDs and the differences between them. It provides a concise summary on the osseous effects of NSAIDs with regard to bone healing and heterotopic ossification. Most of all, it serves as a guide or reference for orthopedic providers when counseling patients on the risks and benefits of NSAID use, as it addresses the common stipulations encountered: “It irritates my stomach,” “I have a history of bariatric surgery,” “I'm already on a blood thinner,” “I've had a heart attack,” and “I've got kidney problems” and synthesizes both current research and society recommendations regarding safe use and avoidance of NSAIDs.
P‐hacking in meta‐analyses: A formalization and new meta‐analytic methods
Authors: Mathur Maya B.
Published: January 2024

As traditionally conceived, publication bias arises from selection operating on a collection of individually unbiased estimates. A canonical form of such selection across studies (SAS) is the preferential publication of affirmative studies (i.e., those with significant, positive estimates) versus nonaffirmative studies (i.e., those with nonsignificant or negative estimates). However, meta‐analyses can also be compromised by selection within studies (SWS), in which investigators “p‐hack” results within their study to obtain an affirmative estimate. Published estimates can then be biased even conditional on affirmative status, which comprises the performance of existing methods that only consider SAS. We propose two new analysis methods that accommodate joint SAS and SWS; both analyze only the published nonaffirmative estimates. First, we propose estimating the underlying meta‐analytic mean by fitting “right‐truncated meta‐analysis” (RTMA) to the published nonaffirmative estimates. This method essentially imputes the entire underlying distribution of population effects. Second, we propose conducting a standard meta‐analysis of only the nonaffirmative studies (MAN); this estimate is conservative (negatively biased) under weakened assumptions. We provide an R package (phacking) and website (metabias.io). Our proposed methods supplement existing methods by assessing the robustness of meta‐analyses to joint SAS and SWS.
Developmental morphogens direct human induced pluripotent stem cells toward an annulus fibrosus‐like cell phenotype
Authors: Peredo Ana P. , Tsinman Tonia K. , Bonnevie Edward D. , Jiang Xi , Smith Harvey E. , Gullbrand Sarah E. , Dyment Nathaniel A. , Mauck Robert L.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Therapeutic interventions for intervertebral disc herniation remain scarce due to the inability of endogenous annulus fibrosus (AF) cells to respond to injury and drive tissue regeneration. Unlike other orthopedic tissues, such as cartilage, delivery of exogenous cells to the site of annular injury remains underdeveloped, largely due to a lack of an ideal cell source and the invasive nature of cell isolation. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated to specific cell fates using biochemical factors and are, therefore, an invaluable tool for cell therapy approaches. While differentiation protocols have been developed for cartilage and fibrous connective tissues (e.g., tendon), the signals that regulate the induction and differentiation of human iPSCs toward the AF fate remain unknown.

Methods

iPSC‐derived sclerotome cells were treated with various combinations of developmental signals including transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF‐β3), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF‐BB), insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), or the Hedgehog pathway activator, Purmorphamine, and gene expression changes in major AF‐associated ECM genes were assessed. The top performing combination treatments were further validated by using three distinct iPSC lines and by assessing the production of upregulated ECM proteins of interest. To conduct a broader analysis of the transcriptomic shifts elicited by each factor combination, and to compare genetic profiles of treated cells to mature human AF cells, a 96.96 Fluidigm gene expression array was applied, and principal component analysis was employed to identify the transcriptional signatures of each cell population and treatment group in comparison to native AF cells.

Results

TGF‐β3, in combination with PDGF‐BB, CTGF, or IGF‐1, induced an upregulation of key AF ECM genes in iPSC‐derived sclerotome cells. In particular, treatment with a combination of TGF‐β3 with PDGF‐BB for 14 days significantly increased gene expression of collagen II and aggrecan and increased protein deposition of collagen I and elastin compared to other treatment groups. Assessment of genes uniquely highly expressed by AF cells or SCL cells, respectively, revealed a shift toward the genetic profile of AF cells with the addition of TGF‐β3 and PDGF‐BB for 14 days.

Discussion

These findings represent an initial approach to guide human induced pluripotent stem cells toward an AF‐like fate for cellular delivery strategies.
Expanding and invading plant species in sagebrush steppe affect multiple aspects of small‐mammal ecology
Authors: Young Aaron C. , Johnson Tracey N.
Published: January 2024

Invasion and expansion of non‐native and native plants have altered vegetation structure in many terrestrial ecosystems. Small mammals influence multiple ecosystem processes through their roles as ecosystem engineers, predators, and prey, and changes to vegetation structure can affect habitat use, community composition, and predator‐prey interactions for this assemblage of wildlife. In the sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) shrublands of the western United States, invasion by non‐native grasses and expansion of native conifer trees beyond their historical range has altered vegetation structure. These changes may potentially affect distributions and interactions of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), which are generalist omnivores, and Columbia Plateau pocket mice (Perognathus parvus), more specialized granivores. To assess the extent to which altered habitat affects small‐mammal density, survival, and home‐range size, we examined these aspects of small‐mammal ecology along a gradient of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion and western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) establishment in sagebrush shrublands in southwestern Idaho, USA. From 2017–2019, we used a spatially explicit mark‐recapture design to examine attributes of small‐mammal ecology along an invasion gradient. We did not find support for an effect of cheatgrass cover on density or survival of either species. Home‐range size of deer mice was 2.3 times smaller in heavier cheatgrass cover (60%) compared to areas with little or no cheatgrass cover. Density of deer mice was highest (5 individuals/ha) in areas with 10% juniper cover and decreased with increasing juniper cover, whereas density of pocket mice was positively influenced by shrub cover. Survival of deer mice declined as juniper stem density increased. Conversely, survival of pocket mice increased with increasing juniper stem density. We found evidence for interspecific interactions between these 2 species, in the form of a density‐dependent effect of deer mice on pocket mouse home‐range size. Home‐range size for pocket mice was 2 times smaller in areas with the highest estimated density of deer mice compared to areas with low densities of deer mice. Our data provides unique information about how small mammals in the sagebrush steppe are affected by expanding and invasive plant species and potential ways that habitat restoration efforts, in the form of conifer removal, may influence small mammals. Understanding the response of small mammals to conifer expansion or removal may shed light on the demographic and numerical responses of other wildlife associated with the sagebrush biome, including predators.
Investigation of tribological properties of MoS2 and CaF2 particles as oil additives and their effects on surface contact
Authors: Baş Hasan , Beşirbeyoğlu Muhammet Ali , Özen Onur
Published: January 2024

Nowadays, researches on the use of alkali metal salts as friction‐reducing and anti‐wear oil additives are continuing. In this study, the tribological effects of heavy metal containing MoS2 and alkali metal salt CaF2 additives on pure engine oil (20W50) were investigated using block‐on‐ring tester configured as surface contact geometry. The tests were performed at various contact loads, revolutions, and additive ratios. The crystal structure of the additives and their effects on surface quality and surface roughness analysed by x‐ray crystallography, scanning electron microscope and profilometry. Moreover, Energy dispersive spectrometry was used for element detection on worn surfaces. Results indicated that additives of MoS2 and CaF2 can reduce the friction, increase the capacity of load‐carrying and the wear resistance of surfaces. The additives improved the operation of the base oil in boundary lubrication zone by increasing the tribofilm forming effect. It was observed that the CaF2 additive exhibited more stable friction behaviour, while the MoS2 additive has better protective effects against scratches on the block surface.
The role of well‐being in consumer's responses to personalized advertising on social media
Authors: De Keyzer Freya , Buzeta Cristian , Lopes Ana Isabel
Published: January 2024

In two studies, this paper examines how perceived personalization in advertisements on social media affects brand engagement and ad avoidance. Using a preregistered between‐subjects cross‐sectional survey (n = 794), we tested four different moderated mediation models with perceived creepiness and perceived relevance as competing mediating variables, and hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being as moderating variables. Perceived relevance explains the positive effect of perceived personalization on brand engagement and the negative effect on ad avoidance. Moreover, perceived creepiness explains the negative effect of perceived personalization on ad avoidance. Contrary to our hypotheses, we find positive effects of perceived personalization via perceived creepiness on brand engagement and ad avoidance. Then, a qualitative think‐aloud survey (n = 36) shows that participants are accustomed to personalized advertisements and scroll to avoid them unless there is relevant or useful content. Independent of their well‐being, participants are not creeped out because of personalized advertising; however, it does raise their privacy concerns. Finally, the findings of our two studies indicate that advertisers and social media need to particularly consider consumers' negative affective well‐being to effectively deliver personalized advertisements due to the increase in creepiness and/or privacy concerns.
Bifurcation analysis of predator–prey model with Cosner type functional response and combined harvesting
Authors: Mulugeta Biruk Tafesse , Ren Jingli , Yuan Qigang , Yu Liping
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we consider a predator–prey model with Cosner type functional response and combined harvesting. First, we explore the existence and stability of the equilibria. Then using the center manifold theorem and normal form theory, we investigate codimension one and codimension two bifurcations of the model. The analysis shows that the system has a variety of bifurcation phenomena including transcritical bifurcation, saddle‐node bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation and homoclinic bifurcation. Our findings indicate that the dynamics with harvesting are significantly richer than the system without harvesting. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to support the analytical results.
Decomposition of the displacements of thin‐walled beams with rectangular cross‐section
Authors: Griso Georges
Published: January 2024

The aim of this paper is to decompose the displacements of thin‐walled beams with rectangular cross‐section. The decomposition is accompanied by estimates of all its terms with respect to the norm of the strain tensor. Korn's inequality is also given.