bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
bestDEG: a web-based application automatically combines various tools to precisely predict differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from RNA-Seq data
Authors: Sangket Unitsa , Yodsawat Prasert , Nuanpirom Jiratchaya , Sathapondecha Ponsit
Published: November 2022

Background

Differential gene expression analysis using RNA sequencing technology (RNA-Seq) has become the most popular technique in transcriptome research. Although many R packages have been developed to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs), several evaluations have shown that no single DEG analysis method outperforms all others. The validity of DEG identification could be increased by using multiple methods and producing the consensus results. However, DEG analysis methods are complex and most of them require prior knowledge of a programming language or command-line shell. Users who do not have this knowledge need to invest time and effort to acquire it.

Methods

We developed a novel web application called “bestDEG” to automatically analyze DEGs with different tools and compare the results. A differential expression (DE) analysis pipeline was created combining the edgeR, DESeq2, NOISeq, and EBSeq packages; selected because they use different statistical methods to identify DEGs. bestDEG was evaluated on human datasets from the MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC) project.

Results

The performance of the bestDEG web application with the human datasets showed excellent results, and the consensus method outperformed the other DE analysis methods in terms of precision (94.71%) and specificity (97.01%). bestDEG is a rapid and efficient tool to analyze DEGs. With bestDEG, users can select DE analysis methods and parameters in the user-friendly web interface. bestDEG also provides a Venn diagram and a table of results. Moreover, the consensus method of this tool can maximize the precision or minimize the false discovery rate (FDR), which reduces the cost of gene expression validation by minimizing wet-lab experiments.
Location Selection for Installation of Emergency Firefighting Devices to Resolve Vulnerable Areas to Fire Response
Authors: Lee Yoon-Ha , Kim Min-Seok , Kim Hwa-Young
Published: November 2022

In this study, we aim to propose a methodology for determining priorities and sites for additional installation of emergency firefighting gear, so as to address areas vulnerable to fire response. This study is divided into three parts. The first part involves using GIS spatial analysis for analyzing areas vulnerable to fire response, the second part involves analyzing the current status of buildings in these vulnerable areas, and the third part involves selecting locations for installing emergency firefighting devices and establishing priorities. Masan, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, which is considered a difficult location for dispatching fire trucks due to the presence of several narrow alleys, was selected as the study area. A total of 1,563 (2.80%) buildings from the area were determined as vulnerable to fire response inside the critical time window. Based on the density and function of buildings, the potential locations and priorities for the installation of emergency firefighting devices were determined. It was ascertained that 569 buildings (36.40%) in areas vulnerable to fire response could be aided during a fire if additional emergency firefighting devices are installed in the 10 selected locations. Going forward, the findings of this study are expected to be applied to basic research aimed at establishing standards for placement of emergency firefighting equipment.
Effectiveness of Proximal Fibular Osteotomy as an Alternative Treatment Modality for Pain Relief and Functional Improvement in Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Gandhi Pratik Ramesh , Patil Sumeet Sharad , Koichade Maroti Raghoji
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Medial compartment knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful and debilitating disease that hinders an individual’s day-to-day activities physically and psychologically. Therefore, amelioration of pain is of utmost importance, which can be achieved by decompressing the medial compartment by Proximal Fibular Osteotomy (PFO). PFO is a simple, novel surgical technique that leads to significant pain relief and functional improvement in patients with knee OA. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of PFO in patients with primary medial compartment OA of the knee joint in terms of pain relief and functional outcome. Materials and Methods: A prospective and interventional study was carried out in the Department of Orthopaedics at Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, during the period from November 2017 to October 2020. A total of 58 patients with moderate to severe symptoms of medial compartment knee OA underwent PFO. Visual Analogue Score (VAS score), Knee Society Score (KSS), and Femoro-Tibial Angle (FTA) were assessed preoperatively, postoperatively, and during follow-up visits at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. These parameters (VAS score and KSS) were also compared with groups based on Body Mass Index (BMI) and Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading. Paired-t test was used. A p-value of <0.001 was considered statistically significant. Results: Remarkable pain relief was observed by the significant decline in mean VAS score from 8.04±0.68 to 2.65±1.14 at the final follow-up. Mean KSS at final follow-up was 69.82±3.03, which was significantly higher than the preoperative score of 43.38±2.39 (p-value <0.001). A change in mechanical alignment was seen with a decrease in mean FTA from 183.38±1.29° to 179.84±1.83° (p-value <0.001) at the final follow-up. Also, it was observed that results were much more encouraging and consistent in patients with BMI ≤24.99 and K-L grades 1 and 2. Conclusion: PFO is a simple, safe, reasonable, and effective surgical modality of treatment in patients with primary medial compartment knee OA that provides good pain relief and functional improvement. PFO can be an alternative treatment modality for pain relief in patients with medial compartment knee OA.
Diagnostic Accuracy between CBNAAT, TrueNat, and Smear Microscopy for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Doda District of Jammu and Kashmir- A Comparative Study
Authors: Akhtar Sameera , Kaur Amandeep , Kumar Dinesh , Sahni Bhavna , Chouhan Rekha , Tabassum Nazia , Akhtar Sufhia , Gandhi Sumit G
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The need for fast, precise diagnostic tests to identify active tuberculosis is essential, mainly in endemic nations such as India. An automated real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) detection known as the Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) or GeneXpert assay shows great promise as a complement to the TrueNat and conventional sputum microscopy techniques. Aim: To compare sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of CBNAAT with TrueNat and smear microscopy in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on 175 patients with suspected pulmonary TB was conducted from June 2021 to November 2021 in a tertiary care hospital at Government Medical College, Doda Jammu and Kashmir. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis were calculated for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy, TrueNat, and the GeneXpert and compared with each other. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted with Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Out of the total 175, 168 (96%) patients were TB positive by CBNAAT, 162 (92.6%) by TrueNat, and 148 (84.6%) as per smear microscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain in the detection of pulmonary TB in sputum samples were 86.31%, 57.14%, 97.97%, 14.81%, and 85.14%, respectively. Whereas in the case of the TrueNat technique sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 94.05%, 42.86%, 97.53%, 23.08%, and 92.00%. In the case of CBNAAT sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy in the detection of pulmonary TB in sputum samples were 97.02%, 28.57%, 97.02%, 28.57%, and 94.29%, respectively. Conclusion: In respiratory samples, CBNAAT is more sensitive than ZN smear microscopy and TrueNat. Positive CBNAAT, but TrueNat and AFB microscopy negative results should be read cautiously and be well correlated with the clinical and treatment history of the patient.
Variations in the Ventral Branches of Abdominal Aorta by Computed Tomography: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kaur Tajinder Pal , Gupta Monika , Kaur Manjot
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Computed Tomography is an advanced imaging technique of radiography which gives good information regarding vascular anatomy. Abdominal aorta and its branches show variations in their origin. This study may facilitate the clinicians and surgeons for planning treatment and thus post-treatment complications may be reduced. Aim: To find out the variations in the origin of ventral branches of abdominal aorta in relation to vertebrae and diameters of these arteries at their level of origin. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done on Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography scan films of abdomen of 300 patients. The duration of study was of two years from September 2020 to January 2022. To determine the level of origin of ventral branches of abdominal aorta, every branch was divided into four types (Type I to IV) depending on the level of origin in relation to intervertebral disc, upper 1/3rd, middle 1/3rd and lower 1/3rd of body of corresponding vertebra. Diameter of each branch was measured at its level of origin. Results: Statistical analysis of data had shown that the most common origin of Celiac Trunk (CT) was at the level of T12 vertebra (44.33%), for Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA), the most common origin was at the level of L1 vertebra (64%) and for Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA), the most common origin was at the level of L3 vertebra (68.67%). Mean diameter of CT, SMA and IMA was 5.91±0.48 mm, 5.86±0.40 and 3.13±0.44 respectively. Variations in the level of origin have significant correlation to vertebra (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.01). Conclusion: The CT, SMA and IMA have shown variations in their level of origin and significant inter-correlation with each other in relation to corresponding vertebra. This knowledge can be helpful to the clinicians and surgeons while planning treatment of abdominal organs.
Knowledge, attitudes and perceived behavioral modification of chiropractic students returning to clinical training in South Africa amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: O'Connor Laura M. , Yelverton Christopher
Published: November 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitudes toward COVID-19 and perceived behavioral modification of South African chiropractic students returning to clinical training during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

An online survey was administered to students registered for clinical training in South African chiropractic programs. The survey consisted of questions related to knowledge and attitudes toward COVID-19 and perceptions on behavioral modification in the form of personal protective equipment (PPE) use to prevent transmission.

Results

Out of 129 participants, there was a 69% response rate (n = 89), with a mean age of 25 (±2.39) years and 75% were females. They had an acceptable level of knowledge (67.9%). There was a favorable perception score about COVID-19 (98.8%) but a poor perception of the role of PPE. They expressed concern about returning to clinical training (62.9%) but were prepared to return to serve their patients during the pandemic (72%).

Conclusion

Chiropractic students within South Africa demonstrated good attitudes, knowledge, and perception toward the measures required to return safely to the clinical environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a level of stress associated with potential infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), mostly for onward transmission to family members.
Farmers’ Preference and Adoption of Rice Varieties Grown in Hill Region of Assam Based on Varietal Attributes
Authors: Bhuyan Sanjib , Kalita Nilim , Borah Debojit , Deka Chitra Ranjan , Saud Ranjit , Maibangsa Subal
Published: November 2022

Aims: The present study was undertaken to enlist the rice varieties grown in Karbi Anglong district of Assam, India and to identify the most preferred varieties and the preference criteria as perceived by the rice growers at individual level.

Place and Duration of Study: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Karbi Anglong, Diphu in the district of Karbi Anglong, Assam, between April 2018 and March 2019.

Methodology: We included 30 farmers who were non-respondent in the main study and 90 farmers in the main study. We used Participatory Rural Appraisal, Personal Interview Method and Interview Schedule.

Results: The study revealed that 18 rice varieties are normally grown by the farmers of Karbi Anglong for lunch and dinner making. Among 18 rice varieties Gaya, Ranjit, Agarsali, Bordhan, Basuri are the five most preferred rice varieties respectively. There are twelve quality parameters which were identified by the non respondent rice growers based on which farmers prefer a particular rice variety. The quality parameter in accordance with their preference are yield, suitability to land situation, duration, taste, planting time flexibility, after cooking quality, disease and pest resistance, fertilizer requirement, market demand, hunger chasing, draught resistance and cold resistance.
Response of Phosphorus and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield Attributes and Economic Indices of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper)
Authors: Jamir Arennungla , Sentimenla . , Gohain Tankeswar
Published: November 2022

Field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of year 2019 to study the response of phosphorus and biofertilizers on growth, yield attributes and economic indices of black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper). The initial soil parameter status were pH 4.6, OC 1.16%, medium in available soil N (256.99 kg ha-1), low in available P (18.95 kg ha-1) and medium in available K (212.56 kg ha-1). The soil was well drained and sandy loam in texture The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatments consisted of four levels of phosphorus i.e. 0, 20, 40, 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and four levels of biofertilizer i.e. uninoculated, Rhizobium, PSB, Rhizobium + PSB. Among the various treatment levels and sources, 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 with dual inoculation of seeds along with Rhizobium + PSB significantly increased the growth and yield attributes such as plant height, plant population, Leaf Area Index (LAI), number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1, Crop Growth Rate (CGR), number of pods plant-1 (30.72), pod length (4.68 cm), number of seeds pod-1 (7.20), seed yield (1120.35 kg ha-1), stover yield (2401.54 kg ha-1) and harvest index (31.80 %) over rest of the treatments. Results further indicated that a higher net return of ₹ 39,811 and B:C ratio of 1.45 were also observed with the application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 along with dual inoculation of seeds with Rhizobium and PSB.
Association of State Share of Nonphysician Practitioners With Diagnostic Imaging Ordering Among Emergency Department Visits for Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Christensen Eric W. , Liu Chi-Mei , Duszak Richard , Hirsch Joshua A. , Swan Timothy L. , Rula Elizabeth Y.
Published: November 2022

Importance

The use of nonphysician practitioners (NPPs) in the emergency department (ED) continues to expand, yet little is known about associations between NPPs and ED imaging use.

Objective

To investigate whether the state share of ED visits for which an NPP was the clinician of record is associated with imaging studies ordered, given that state NPP share is associated with state-level NPP scopes of practice.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study compared diagnostic imaging ordering patterns associated with ED visits based on 2005-2020 Medicare claims for a nationally representative 5% sample of fee-for-service beneficiaries. For all 50 states and the District of Columbia, the state NPP share of ED visits by year was used to represent state-specific practice patterns for NPPs and physicians and how those patterns have evolved over time. The analysis controlled for patient demographic characteristics, Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, ED visit severity, year, and principal diagnosis.

Exposures

The share of ED visits in each state in each year (state share) for which an NPP was the evaluation and management clinician.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were the number and modality of imaging studies associated with ED visits. Analyses were by logistic regression and generalized linear model with γ-distribution and log-link function.

Results

Among 16 922 274 ED visits, 60.0% involved women, and patients’ mean (SD) age was 70.3 (16.1) years. The share of all ED visits with an NPP as the clinician increased from 6.1% in 2005 to 16.6% in 2020. Compared with no NPPs, the presence of NPPs in the ED was associated with 5.3% (95% CI, 5.1%-5.5%) more imaging studies per ED visit, including a 3.4% (95% CI, 3.2%-3.5%) greater likelihood of any imaging order per ED visit and 2.2% (95% CI, 2.0%-2.3%) more imaging studies ordered per visit involving imaging.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, use of NPPs in the ED was associated with higher imaging use compared with the use of only physicians in the ED. Although expanded use of NPPs in the ED may improve patient access, the costs and radiation exposure associated with more imaging warrants additional study.
Patterns of Health Care Use 5 Years After an Intervention Linking Patients in Addiction Treatment With a Primary Care Practitioner
Authors: Iturralde Esti , Weisner Constance M. , Adams Sara R. , Chi Felicia W. , Ross Thekla B. , Cunningham Sarah F. , Ghadiali Murtuza , Asyyed Asma H. , Satre Derek D. , Campbell Cynthia I. , Sterling Stacy A.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Substance use disorders are associated with high rates of emergency department (ED) use and challenges engaging with primary care services.

Objective

To examine 5-year health care engagement and utilization outcomes for participants in the LINKAGE trial, given previously reported associations of LINKAGE with improved care engagement in the short term.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this post hoc analysis of a nonrandomized controlled trial, participants were assigned to the LINKAGE or usual care (UC) groups using a nonrandomized 3-month alternating off and on strategy over 30 months. Baseline through 5-year follow-up data were collected from April 2011 to October 2018. The trial was conducted at an urban outpatient addiction treatment clinic within a large health system among patients newly enrolled in addiction treatment. Data analysis was conducted from April 2021 to February 2022.

Intervention

The LINKAGE intervention included 6 group-based sessions emphasizing patient agency, skill, and motivation in navigating health care services as well as a facilitated telephone or email connection with a primary care practitioner. The UC group received medical education.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Substance use problem discussions with primary care practitioners (by patient self-report at 1-, 2-, and 5-year follow-up interview) and annual use of the electronic patient portal, primary care, and ED based on electronic health records.

Results

A total of 503 participants, with a mean (SD) age of 42 (12) years, 346 (69%) male participants and 37 (7%) African American, 34 (7%) Asian, and 101 (20%) Hispanic participants, were assigned to LINKAGE (252 participants) or UC (251 participants). Compared with UC participants, LINKAGE participants were significantly more likely to discuss substance use problems with a primary care practitioner at 1-year follow-up (risk ratio [RR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.03-1.65; P = .03) and use the electronic patient portal at 1- and 2-year follow-up (eg, messaging clinicians at 2 years: RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04-1.47; P = .02). The LINKAGE group had small, statistically significant 5-year annual increases in primary care use (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.003-1.07; P = .03) and significant annual decreases in substance-related ED use (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97; P = .03), relative to UC. The LINKAGE group did not significantly differ from the UC group on other types of ED utilization.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, a patient activation intervention embedded in outpatient addiction treatment was associated with sustained improvements in health care engagement beyond previously reported 6-month outcomes and with long-term improvements in health care use patterns.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01621711
Disability Identity Among Diverse Learners and Employees at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Jerome Barbara , Fassiotto Magali , Altamirano Jonathan , Sutha Ken , Maldonado Yvonne , Poullos Peter
Published: November 2022

This survey study evaluates representation of persons with disabilities across demographic characteristics at an academic medical center.
Association of High Polygenic Risk With Visual Field Worsening Despite Treatment in Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Siggs Owen M. , Qassim Ayub , Han Xikun , Marshall Henry N. , Mullany Sean , He Weixiong , Souzeau Emmanuelle , Galanopoulos Anna , Agar Ashish , Landers John , Casson Robert J. , Hewitt Alex W. , Healey Paul R. , Graham Stuart L. , MacGregor Stuart , Craig Jamie E.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Irreversible vision loss from primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) can be prevented through timely diagnosis and treatment, although definitive diagnosis can be difficult in early-stage disease. As a consequence, large numbers of individuals with suspected glaucoma require regular monitoring, even though many of these may never develop disease and other high-risk individuals with suspected glaucoma may have delayed or inadequate treatment. POAG is one of the most heritable common diseases, and this provides an opportunity to use genetic instruments in risk-stratified screening, diagnosis, and treatment of early glaucoma.

Objective

To assess the association of glaucoma polygenic risk with glaucoma progression in early-stage disease.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used clinical and genetic data obtained from a longitudinal cohort study, Progression Risk of Glaucoma: Relevant SNPs With Significant Association (PROGRESSA). Participants of European ancestry with characteristic optic nerve head changes suggestive of glaucoma were included. Data were collected between February 2012 and June 2020. Analysis took place between July 2020 and April 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The association of a glaucoma polygenic risk score (PRS) (2673 uncorrelated variants) with rate of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thinning on optical coherence tomography and progression of visual field loss on 24-2 Humphrey visual fields.

Results

A total of 1777 eyes from 896 individuals had sufficient data for structural progression analyses and 1563 eyes from 808 individuals for functional progression analyses. The mean (SD) age was 62.1 (9.9) years, 488 (44%) were male, and 1087 of 1103 individuals (98.5%) had European ancestry. An ancestrally matched normative population cohort (n = 17 642) was used for PRS reference. Individuals in the top 5% PRS risk group were at a higher risk of visual field progression compared with the remaining 95% after 5 years (hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.13-1.97; P = .005). Conversely, those in the bottom 20% PRS risk group were at a lower risk of visual field progression compared with an intermediate risk group over 3 years (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28-0.96; P = .04).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, high polygenic risk was associated with more rapid structural and functional progression in early POAG, despite more intensive treatment. A PRS may serve as a valuable adjunct to identify individuals who stand to benefit the most from more frequent surveillance and earlier or more intensive treatment.
A Case of Unilateral Intraocular Pressure Elevation in a Patient With Glaucoma
Authors: Chavez Katia E. , Cretara Elizabeth A. , Davis Rachel E.
Published: November 2022

A 52-year-old man with a history of severe primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes presented with an intraocular pressure above target in the left eye. A 24-2 Humphrey visual field showed new glaucoma progression. What would you do next?
Inducible over‐expression of cardiac Nos1ap causes short QT syndrome in transgenic mice
Authors: Jänsch Monique , Lubomirov Lubomir T. , Trum Maximilian , Williams Tatjana , Schmitt Joachim , Schuh Kai , Qadri Fatimunnisa , Maier Lars S. , Bader Michael , Ritter Oliver
Published: November 2022

Recent evidence demonstrated that alterations in the QT interval duration on the ECG are not only determined by mutations in genes for ion channels, but also by modulators of ion channels. Changes in the QT interval duration beyond certain thresholds are pathological and can lead to sudden cardiac death. We here focus on the ion channel modulator nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein (Nos1ap). Whole‐cell patch‐clamp measurements of a conditional transgenic mouse model exhibiting cardiac‐specific Nos1ap over‐expression revealed a Nos1ap‐dependent increase of L‐type calcium channel nitrosylation, which led to increased susceptibility to ventricular tachycardias associated with a decrease in QT duration and shortening of APD90 duration. Survival was significantly reduced (60% after 12 weeks vs. 100% in controls). Examination of the structural features of the hearts of transgenic mice revealed constant heart dimensions and wall thickness without abnormal fibrosis content or BNP production after 3 months of Nos1ap over‐expression compared to controls. Nos1ap over‐expression did not alter cGMP production or ROS concentration. Our study showed that myocardial over‐expression of Nos1ap leads to the shortening of the QT interval and reduces the survival rate of transgenic animals, perhaps via the development of ventricular arrhythmias. We conclude that Nos1ap overexpression causes targeted subcellular localization of Nos1 to the CaV1.2 with a subsequent decrease of ADP90 and the QT interval. This causes detrimental cardiac arrhythmias in transgenic mice.
Physical Design
Authors: Fay Lindsey , Santiago Joshua E.
Published: November 2022

Physical design has largely been invisible in much health communication research. Physical designs are the spatial and functional elements of the built environment that help to frame communication in healthcare and range in scale from architectural building design to interior solutions and systems. There is a rich interdisciplinary body of research in design, medicine, architecture, anthropology, sociology, and, most recently, communication investigating the dynamic and fluid nature of design. Additional recent communication and design research also highlights the role of physical layout for healthcare team communication. This entry examines key studies, underscores the value of systems theory, and highlights design features, particularly proximity and visibility, relevant to communication. Because of physical design's crucial role in healthcare, there are many opportunities for studying multiple communication topics.
Surface Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Silicate and Borosilicate Bioactive Glasses
Authors: Ferraris Sara , Corazzari Ingrid , Turci Francesco , Cochis Andrea , Rimondini Lia , Spriano Silvia , Massera Jonathan , Vernè Enrica
Published: November 2022

Herein, silicate and borosilicate bioactive glasses are synthetized and characterized. The antioxidant activity, in the presence and absence of human osteoblasts’ progenitor cells, of the different glass compositions, is correlated to the surface properties: wettability, zeta potential, hydroxylation degree, reactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF), and Tris buffer. An enhancing effect of boron in glass reactivity and a stabilizing role of Sr and Mg are evidenced. The scavenging potential of the analyzed bioactive glasses toward reactive oxygen species (ROS) is clearly proved. Moreover, cellular tests confirm the protective effect of the bioactive glasses toward viable cells acting as ROS/RNS species scavenger. The obtained results represent an original improvement of the knowledge concerning the intrinsic antioxidant ability of bioactive glasses with different compositions and the mechanisms involved.
Impact‐Absorbing Thermally Dissipative Epoxy Composite Liner for Helmets
Authors: Jain Rajan , Yadav Preeti , Narayanan Tharangattu N.
Published: November 2022

Helmets are ubiquitously used forms of protective equipment in various industries. A common major drawback in helmets is their poor thermal management. Here, to reduce the dependency on active cooling methods and to conserve same helmet design, a composite thermal liner based passive cooling mechanism is proposed. A multifunctional liner consisting of uniformly distributed graphene oxide nanosheets and icosane is prepared. A helmet liner cast out of a 3D‐printed mold is tested to measure impact energy absorption using a home‐built helmet impact testing setup in accordance with ASTM D7136/D7136M‐20. The liner is expected to deform, thereby absorbing the energy from the impact and eventually reducing the impact experienced by the user. The material (10X‐GOME‐0.75), obtained after careful optimization of the mechanical and thermal properties of different combinations of varying weight fractions of the fillers, exhibits about 300% greater deformation over an unmodified epoxy (UME) liner (0.3% strain) and also shows 98% strain recovery over a fatigue test of >7500 cycles. Thermal characterization shows heat absorption by the material at about 37 °C, which is the average human body temperature. Such materials can have future in developing lightweight next‐generation helmets with better thermal management for use in various fields.
Microneedle Technologies for Food and Crop Health: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Faraji Rad Zahra
Published: November 2022

The global food supply constantly faces the threats of emerging crop diseases initiated by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Plant diseases can cause significant economic and production losses in the agriculture industry, and early disease detection significantly mitigates losses. Monitoring the food quality and detecting pathogens during the food supply chain is essential in confirming the food's safety and reducing crop loss. This results in lowering production costs and increasing average yield in the agriculture industry. Considering the significant development of nanotechnology in biomedicine for human health monitoring, diagnostics, and treatment, there is an increasing interest in using nanotechnology in crop production, health, and plant science. This technology can allow continuous monitoring of plant health and on‐site diagnostics of plant diseases. While many microneedle‐based devices are previously reported for human health monitoring, diagnostics, and treatment, the application of this technology to agriculture started relatively recently. This review investigates the recent development of microneedle technology in food and crop health, where the most state‐of‐the‐art microneedle‐based devices are utilized for plant drug delivery, disease monitoring, and diagnosis. Finally, the current challenges and future directions in developing microneedle technology for food and crop health are discussed.
Temperature‐Sensitive Colored Radiative Cooling Materials with Efficient Cooling Performance
Authors: Son Soomin , Chae Dongwoo , Lim Hangyu , Ha Jisung , Park Jaemin , Ju Sucheol , Park Jaein , Kim Wonjoong , Lee Heon
Published: November 2022

Several daytime radiative cooling materials involving various structures and composed using multilayer thin films, polymers, and nanoparticles have been fabricated and studied. However, their surface is of white or some other monotonous color because of the requirement for most of the incident sunlight to be reflected. A temperature‐sensitive colored radiative cooling (TCRC) material that provides efficient cooling while preserving the aesthetic properties of the surface has been developed. The TCRC material is manufactured as a bilayer structure for efferent cooling applied on a colored radiative cooling emitter. The bottom layer reflects as much light as possible using polyvinylidene fluoride and alumina particles, and the top layer uses a thermochromic color pigment to display color. The optical properties of the TCRC material, in response to temperature changes, are evaluated and its efficient cooling ability is confirmed. The temperature cooling is confirmed for TCRC emitters of yellow, magenta, and blue colors, using an outdoor temperature measurement system, and it is experimentally confirmed that the TCRC emitters provide more cooling (by 1.75, 2.67, and 4.31 °C, respectively) than conventional paint of the same color.
Simultaneous Carburization, Oxidation, and Nitridation of Titanium Surface Using Ablation by Femtosecond Laser in n‐Heptane
Authors: Piatkowski Piotr , Ali Asghar , Alawadhi Hussain , Alnaser Ali S.
Published: November 2022

Changes in the structure and composition of bare titanium (Ti) surface have been investigated using femtosecond laser ablation in n‐heptane environment. The efficient formation of a titanium carbide (TiC) layer and the presence of high carbon concentration in the photoformed layer covering the Ti surface are demonstrated. Surprisingly, the synthesized ceramic layers are found to contain also nitrided and oxidized species (TiN, TiCN) due to transport of air to the titanium surface during laser ablation. Additionally, by tuning the experimental conditions, how to delicately control two key surface characteristics like surface morphology and composition is showed. Remarkably, the photoformed ceramic layers exhibit low cytotoxicity toward human cells and improve corrosion inhibition efficiency compared to pristine Ti. The findings reveal deep insights into the formation of ceramic layers on Ti surface and, thus, help in the development of novel materials for a whole host of engineering and biomedical applications.
Moisture‐Driven Switching of Plasmonic Bound States in the Continuum in the Visible Region
Authors: Zheng Manchun , Shen Yang , Zou Qiushun , Huang Yaohua , Huang Ke , She Xiaoyi , Jin Chongjun
Published: November 2022

Fast and full switching of plasmonic resonances would provide a building block for integrated electro‐optically active plasmonics. To date, limited by the material properties, achieving a plasmonic resonance that can be turned fully ON and OFF in the visible region remains a formidable challenge. In this study, a nearly full optical switching based on a moisture‐driven metal‐hydrogel‐metal (MHM) metasurface at visible frequency is experimentally realized. As a result of the bound state in the continuum (BIC)‐to‐quasi‐BIC transition in the MHM, a sharp Fano‐type quasi‐BIC resonance can be switched off and back on with an ultrahigh reflectance modulation depth up to −14.6 dB within 1 s by moisture loading. Such a BIC‐to‐quasi‐BIC transition can be well mediated by engineering the coupling between the magnetic mode and surface plasmon polariton via an active control of the gap distance between the two metallic layers. Using this concept, the MHM is demonstrated as a fast‐response breathing sensor with a maximum detectable respiratory rate of up to 30 breaths per minute (bpm). These results suggest that our approach will help to realize plasmonic‐based integrated active optical devices in optical sensing and modulation.
3D‐Printed Stacked Ionic Assemblies for Iontronic Touch Sensors
Authors: Odent Jérémy , Baleine Nicolas , Biard Valentin , Dobashi Yuta , Vancaeyzeele Cédric , Nguyen Giao T. M. , Madden John D. W. , Plesse Cédric , Raquez Jean‐Marie
Published: November 2022

Sensing is the process of detecting and monitoring any physico‐chemical environmental parameters. Herein, new self‐powered iontronic sensors, which utilize touch‐induced ionic charge separation in ionically conductive hydrogels, are introduced for potential use in object mapping, recognition, and localization. This is accomplished using high‐resolution stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing of stacked ionic assemblies consisting of discrete compartments having different ion transport properties. The latter assemblies readily allow programming the output voltage magnitude and polarity by means of variations in ion type, charge density, and cross‐linking density within the iontronic device. Voltages of up to 70 mV are generated on application of compressive strains of as much as 50% (≈22.5 kPa), with the magnitude directly proportional to stress, and the polarity dependent on the sign of the mobile ion. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the resulting touch sensors are integrated on the fingertip to enable the tactile feedback, mimicking the tactile perception of objects for recognition applications. In addition, it is proposed that streaming potential is the underlying mechanism behind the iontronic touch sensors. The electromechanical response is therein consistent with a streaming potential model.
Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Nanocrystals Stabilized in Mesoporous Silica with Efficient Carrier Dynamics for Flexible X‐Ray Scintillator
Authors: Wang Shumei , Huang Wenliang , Liu Xinmei , Wang Shiqiang , Ye Haochen , Yu Shen , Song Xin , Liu Zhan , Wang Peijun , Yang Tinghuan , Chu Depeng , Gou Jing , Yuan Mingjian , Chen Lihua , Su Baolian , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Zhao Kui
Published: November 2022

The development of metal‐halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) that yield bright and stable emission is of great importance. Previous reported perovskite NCs are mostly based on APbX3‐type family fabricated via ligand‐ or surfactant‐assisted chemical approaches. However, realizing bright and stable emission remains a challenge because of desorption of ligands/surfactants during long‐term operation. Herein, Ruddlesden–Popper (RP)‐type (A)2(MA)n‐1PbnBr3n+1 NCs with size less than Bohr radius stabilized in mesoporous silica scaffold, which are prepared in situ via physical approach at low temperature are introduced. The RP NCs in mesoporous silica exhibit the formation of spatially and electronically separated quantum wells, efficient energy funneling between different n phases for bright emission (photoluminescence quantum yields of ≈99%), high irradiation stability (T70 = 110 days), and long‐term stability (T90 = 110 days). These RP NCs have broad potential for bright light‐emitting diodes, high‐resolution PL imaging, and waterproof inks. Importantly, for the first time, stretchable perovskite X‐ray scintillator is demonstrated with excellent X‐ray imaging with resolution greater than 14 line pairs mm−1. These findings offer a paradigm to motivate future research toward stable and efficient perovskite optoelectronics.
Multifunctional Dual Cross‐Linked Bioadhesive Patch with Low Immunogenic Response and Wet Tissues Adhesion
Authors: Tang Yang , Gong Guidong , He Xianglian , Dai Mengyuan , Chen Mei , Wang Bo , Wang Yajie , Wang Xiaoling , Guo Junling
Published: November 2022

The development of bioadhesives is an important, yet challenging task as seemingly mutually exclusive properties need to be combined in one material, that is, strong adhesion, water resistance, and high biocompatibility. Here, a biocompatible and biodegradable protein‐based bioadhesive patch (PBP) with high adhesion strength and low immunogenic response is reported. PBP exists as a strong adhesion for biological surfaces, which is higher than some conventional bioadhesives (i.e., polyethylene glycol and fibrin). Robust adhesion and strength are realized through the removal of interfacial water and fast formation of multiple supramolecular interactions induced by metal ions. The PBP's high biocompatibility is evaluated and immunogenic response in vitro and in vivo is neglected. The strong adhesion on soft biological tissues qualifies the PBP as biomedical glue outperforming some commercial products for applications in hemostasis performance, accelerated wound healing, and sealing of defected organs, anticipating to be useful as a tissue adhesive and sealant.
Persistent Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Stimulated by Peptide Assemblies for Sensitizing Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Song Na , Song Yanqiu , Hu Binbin , Liu Xin , Yu Xiunan , Zhou Hao , Long Jiafu , Yu Zhilin
Published: November 2022

Pharmacological targeting of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress represents one of important methods for disease therapy, which, however, is significantly suppressed by the ER homeostatic processe. Herein, a proof‐of‐concept strategy is reported for persistent stimulation of ER stress via preventing ER stress adaptation by utilizing multifunctional peptide assemblies. The strategy is established via creation of peptide assemblies with ER‐targeting and chaperone glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78)‐inhibiting functions. The peptides assemblies form well‐defined nanofibers that are retrieved by ER organelles in human cervical cancer cell. The underlying mechanism studies unravel that the ER‐accumulated peptide assemblies simultaneously stimulate ER stress and inhibit GRP78 refolding activity and thereby promoting endogenous protein aggregation. Combining the internalized peptide assemblies with the induced protein aggregates leads to the persistent stimulation of ER stress. The persistent ER stress induced by the peptide assemblies bestows their application in sensitizing cancer chemotherapy. Both in vitro and in vivo results confirm the enhanced cytotoxicity of drug toyocamycin against HeLa cells by peptide assemblies, thus efficiently inhibiting in vivo tumor growth. The strategy reported here discloses the fundamental keys for efficient promotion of ER stress, thus providing the guidance for development of ER‐targeting‐assisted cancer chemotherapy in the future.
Lactate‐Oxidase‐Instructed Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Jiang Shanshan , Chen Xin , Lin Jing , Huang Peng
Published: November 2022

Lactate oxidase (LOx) has attracted extensive interest in cancer diagnosis and therapy in recent years owing to its specific catalysis on l‐lactate; its catalytic process consumes oxygen (O2) and generates a large amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and pyruvate. Given high levels of lactate in tumor tissues and its tight correlation with tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence, LOx‐based biosensors including H2O2‐based, O2‐based, pH‐sensitive, and electrochemical have been designed for cancer diagnosis, and various LOx‐based cancer therapy strategies including lactate‐depletion‐based metabolic cancer therapy/immunotherapy, hypoxia‐activated chemotherapy, H2O2‐based chemodynamic therapy, and multimodal synergistic cancer therapy have also been developed. In this review, the lactate‐specific catalytic properties of LOx are introduced, and the recent advances on LOx‐instructed cancer diagnostic or therapeutic platforms and corresponding biological applications are summarized. Additionally, the challenges and potential of LOx‐based nanomedicines are highlighted.
Digital and Gradient Refractive Index Planar Optics by Nanoimprinting Mesoporous Silicon
Authors: Hardison Anna L. , Talukdar Tahmid H. , Kravchenko Ivan I. , Ryckman Judson D.
Published: November 2022

We report the realization of digital and gradient index flat‐optics and planar waveguides using the ‘nanoimprinting refractive index’ (NIRI) technique applied to mesoporous silicon. This technique combines the distinct optical and mechanical metamaterial qualities of mesoporous silicon, including its widely tunable effective refractive index and ability to undergo plastic deformation with a near zero Poisson ratio. Nanoimprinting with premastered and reusable stamps containing analog or digital features enables the continuous or discontinuous patterning of refractive index with high contrast Δn ≥ 0.8 and subwavelength resolution. Using NIRI we experimentally demonstrate a wavefront shaping flat microlens array operating in the visible (405–635 nm) and mesoporous silicon and silica waveguides operating near 1310 nm. This study demonstrates the viability of patterning arbitrary refractive index distributions, n(x,y), on the surface of a chip while circumventing the challenges and limitations of top‐down lithographic techniques – thus opening a low‐cost and scalable approach for the realization of advanced planar optical technologies.
Colloidal Silicon Quantum Dot‐Based Cavity Light‐Emitting Diodes with Narrowed and Tunable Electroluminescence
Authors: Cheong I Teng , Mock Josef , Kallergi Maria , Groß Elisabeth , Meldrum Alkiviathes , Rieger Bernhard , Becherer Markus , Veinot Jonathan G. C.
Published: November 2022

Luminescent colloidal silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) are explored as alternatives to metal‐based quantum dots for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) because of the abundance and biocompatibility of silicon. To date, the broad electroluminescence (EL) bandwidth (>100 nm) and blueshifting of EL at high applied voltages of SiQD‐LEDs are outstanding challenges that limit a competitive spectral purity and device stability. Herein, the fabrication and testing of SiQD‐LEDs that incorporate a Fabry–Pérot cavity are reported which exhibit a narrow spectral linewidth as low as ≈23 nm. The presented devices also provide wavelength and visual stability from +4 to +8 V, as well as spectral tunability.
Direct Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling of Naphthalene‐1,8‐diaminato (dan)‐Substituted Cyclopropylboron Compounds
Authors: Koishi Mikinao , Tomota Kazuki , Nakamoto Masaaki , Yoshida Hiroto
Published: November 2022

We herein describe the direct Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of dan‐substituted, saturated organoboron compounds. Despite its Lewis acidity‐diminished character of the boron center, cyclopropyl‐B(dan) can be activated byt‐BuOK to undergo transmetalation with a palladium complex. The increased s‐character of the C−B(dan) bond as compared with other alkyl‐B(dan) should be the key to the reaction.

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Abnormal Seebeck Effect in Vertically Stacked 2D/2D PtSe2/PtSe2 Homostructure
Authors: Lee Won‐Yong , Kang Min‐Sung , Choi Jae Won , Kim Si‐Hoo , Park No‐Won , Kim Gil‐Sung , Kim Yun‐Ho , Saitoh Eiji , Yoon Young‐Gui , Lee Sang‐Kwon
Published: November 2022

When a thermoelectric (TE) material is deposited with a secondary TE material, the total Seebeck coefficient of the stacked layer is generally represented by a parallel conductor model. Accordingly, when TE material layers of the same thickness are stacked vertically, the total Seebeck coefficient in the transverse direction may change in a single layer. Here, an abnormal Seebeck effect in a stacked two‐dimensional (2D) PtSe2/PtSe2 homostructure film, i.e., an extra in‐plane Seebeck voltage is produced by wet‐transfer stacking at the interface between the PtSe2 layers under a transverse temperature gradient is reported. This abnormal Seebeck effect is referred to as the interfacial Seebeck effect in stacked PtSe2/PtSe2 homostructures. This effect is attributed to the carrier‐interface interaction, and has independent characteristics in relation to carrier concentration. It is confirmed that the in‐plane Seebeck coefficient increases as the number of stacked PtSe2 layers increase and observed a high Seebeck coefficient exceeding ≈188 µV K−1 at 300 K in a four‐layer‐stacked PtSe2/PtSe2 homostructure.