bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Fish Production on the Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria
Authors: Uzonwanne Maria Chinecherem , Mbah Catherine Chidinma , Onyedibe Francis Chukwudi , Obi Chinasa Ifeoma
Published: June 2023

This study set out to analyze the impact of fish production on the gross domestic product (GDP) in Nigerian by using time series data ranging from 1981-2021. In the method, Solow version of Neo classical theory was used for theoretical framework. The study adopted ordinary least square techniques for the regression analysis. Aside the two main variables of this study which is fish production and GDP, some control variables was also used (Labour productivity and gross fixed capital formation) to control GDP. The main contribution of this study therefore lies in the result that shows that fish production and GFCF has positive and significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria while labour productivity has negative impact on the Nigeria economic growth. This means that labour productivity does not contribute to economic growth in Nigeria. Hence, the study recommends that the Nigerian government should encourage fish production in order to bring more inflow of funds which will help to trigger economic growth. This as a matter of fact could be achieved by reducing the contamination of the seas and oceans for a better output of aqua products in Nigeria.
Impact of Transformational Leadership Characteristics on Leaders of University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
Authors: Shamo Anteson Daniel
Published: June 2023

The study adopted a quantitative and qualitative case study approach to investigate the impact of transformational leadership characteristics on leaders in University of Education, Winneba, Ghana. Two assumptions accompanied the study. The conceptual framework of the state government work environment and the transformational theory by Avolio and Bass was adopted in this study. The study employed the non-experimental case study design. The target population was all people running administrative duties in University of Education, Winneba. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed by using purposive sampling and convenience sampling to sample the universities and the participants respectively. Fifty participants were single out in this study. The study adopted Avolio and Bass Multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ) together with an interview guide as a supplementary instrument for the study. Data from the respondents was analyzed using inferential statistics t-test to evaluate the difference between the means of two different groups on the major transformational leadership features descriptive statistics include mean, standard deviation, and calculated probability (p-value)  using the SPSS19.0. It was found that demographic features of an individual such as gender and marital status affect their transformational leadership styles. It was also unveiled that the leaders’ exhibit transformational leadership features such as spending time to teach and coach followers; paying attentiveness to each individual follower’s demand for accomplishment and growth, and identifying the capabilities and limitations of followers. The independent t-Test revealed that the leaders’ exhibit the four I’s of transformational leadership frequently. Finally it was established that leaders should mobilize followers’ commitment to achieve results beyond what would normally be expected and emphasize ethics with symbolic actions to ensure leadership development in Ghanaian universities. It was recommended that University of Education, Winneba should provide male and females with equal education on regular basis in order for them to build upon their prerequisite skills at the same level to unravel the notion that school administration is gender sensitive. Also, administrators, HODs and deans in University of Education, Winneba should primarily exhibit the transformational leadership features in their administration to enhance the efficient acquisition of the institutional needs and wants.
Normothermic Regional Perfusion—The Next Frontier in Organ Transplants?
Authors: Truog Robert D. , Flescher Andrew , Ladin Keren
Published: June 2023

This Viewpoint examines an approach known as normothermic regional perfusion, involving use of ECMO to restore perfusion to internal organs in situ before they are removed from a deceased donor.
Engineering of Electromechanical Oxides by Symmetry Breaking
Authors: Zhang Haiwu , Vasiljevic Milica , Bergne Achilles , Park Dae‐Sung , Insinga Andrea R. , Yun Shinhee , Esposito Vincenzo , Pryds Nini
Published: June 2023

Complex oxides exhibit a wide range of fascinating functionalities, such as ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and pyroelectricity, which are indispensable for cutting‐edge electronics, energy, and information technologies. The intriguing physical properties of these complex oxides arise from the complex interplay between lattice, orbital, charge, and spin degrees of freedom. Here, it is reviewed how electromechanical properties can be achieved/improved by artificially breaking the symmetry of centrosymmetric oxides via engineering thermodynamic variables such as stress, strain, electric field, and chemical potentials. The mechanisms that have been utilized to break the inherent symmetry of conventional materials that lead to novel functionalities and applications are explored. It is highlighted that access to “hidden phases,” which otherwise are prohibited, could uncover opportunities to host exotic properties, such as piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, etc. This review not only reports how to engineer intrinsically nonpolar and centrosymmetric oxides for emergent properties, but also has implications for manipulating polar functional materials for better performance.
In Situ Electrical Detection of Methane Oxidation on Atomically Thin IrO2 Nanosheet Films Down to Room Temperature
Authors: Ishihara Yoshiaki , Koitaya Takanori , Hamahiga Yuto , Sugimoto Wataru , Yamamoto Susumu , Matsuda Iwao , Yoshinobu Jun , Nouchi Ryo
Published: June 2023

Activation of the CH bond is the first step in converting methane into valuable chemicals. Herein, the successful induction and electrical detection of a methane oxidation reaction are reported at room temperature using IrO2 nanosheets, a 2D form of IrO2. A clear decrease in electrical resistance upon exposure to methane is observed by using atomically thin IrO2 nanosheet films. The resistance decrease disappears upon simultaneous exposure to oxygen, suggesting that methane is oxidized by consuming the lattice oxygen of the IrO2 nanosheets and that the oxygen vacancies generated are recovered by oxygen in the atmosphere. The resistance decrease is observed even at 300 K, indicating the high methane oxidation ability of the IrO2 nanosheets. These results are confirmed by a shift of the Ir 4f peaks in ambient pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectra. Furthermore, deposition of amorphous carbon, that is, methane oxidation products, on IrO2 nanosheets is also confirmed by Raman scattering spectroscopy after prolonged methane exposure at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. This study demonstrates the ability of IrO2 nanosheets to oxidize methane at least down to 300 K and is an important example of the usefulness and simplicity of chemical reaction monitoring using electrical resistance changes.
From Pyridine to (−)‐Agelastatin A
Authors: Vale João R. , Fortunato Milene A. G. , Andrade Késsia H. S. , Rocha Ângelo M. R. , Afonso Carlos A. M. , Siopa Filipa
Published: June 2023

(−)‐Agelastatin A was synthetized employing a flow photorearrangement of a pyridinium salt, constructing in one step the cyclopentene core possessing the desired functionalities and relative configurations. A flow enzymatic kinetic resolution of the resulting bicyclic vinyl aziridine delivered the enantiopure precursor to the natural product. This total synthesis required the use of a single protective group. Two novel agelastatin N3‐derivatives were synthesized and their cytotoxicity evaluated against a series of cancer cell lines, which corroborated the importance of unsubstituted N3 in the biological activity of (−)‐agelastatin A.
Role of the Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Tumorigenesis or Development of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Qu Ruize , Zhang Yi , Ma Yanpeng , Zhou Xin , Sun Lulu , Jiang Changtao , Zhang Zhipeng , Fu Wei
Published: June 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer of the digestive system with high mortality and morbidity rates. Gut microbiota is found in the intestines, especially the colorectum, and has structured crosstalk interactions with the host that affect several physiological processes. The gut microbiota include CRC‐promoting bacterial species, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides fragilis, and CRC‐protecting bacterial species, such as Clostridium butyricum, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, which along with other microorganisms, such as viruses and fungi, play critical roles in the development of CRC. Different bacterial features are identified in patients with early‐onset CRC, combined with different patterns between fecal and intratumoral microbiota. The gut microbiota may be beneficial in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC; some bacteria may serve as biomarkers while others as regulators of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Furthermore, metabolites produced by the gut microbiota play essential roles in the crosstalk with CRC cells. Harmful metabolites include some primary bile acids and short‐chain fatty acids, whereas others, including ursodeoxycholic acid and butyrate, are beneficial and impede tumor development and progression. This review focuses on the gut microbiota and its metabolites, and their potential roles in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of CRC.
Study on the antibacterial effect of CuO nanoparticles on Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria: Efficient treatment for colorectal cancer
Authors: Valadbeigi Maria , Mahmoudifard Matin , Ganji Shahla Mohammad , Mehrabian Sedigheh
Published: June 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a widespread type of cancer across the world. One efficient therapy approach is the use of antibiotic agents, but one of the main issues related to treating CRC is microbial resistance to antibiotics. As microbes are becoming more resistant to antibiotics and other traditional antimicrobial agents, nanobiotechnology has made it possible to employ nanomaterials with the aim of creating a new generation of antimicrobial agents. In the present study, we have assessed the antimicrobial potential of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) against gram‐negative bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying PKS genes responsible for encoding colibactin as the key factor for CRC development. For this purpose, the antibacterial effects of conventional antibacterial agents, including erythromycin, piperacillin, and ampicillin, as well as CuONPs, were compared on isolated strains from cancerous candidates. The obtained results revealed that isolates (K. pneumoniae) showed resistance toward the mentioned conventional antibiotics, but CuONPs showed efficient antibacterial properties against K. pneumonia with a MIC = 62 μg/mL. On the other hand, a synergistic antibacterial effect was obtained when CuONPs were used in combination with conventional antibiotics, which are ineffective when used alone.

Therefore, CuONPs can be introduced as an excellent antimicrobial agent against K. pneumoniae bacteria in CRC, especially when they are combined with other antibiotics since they can activate the antimicrobial activity of the conventional antibiotics.
What is happening to immunohistochemistry?
Authors: Gautron Laurent
Published: June 2023

Immunohistochemistry is a commonly used technique in research and pathology laboratories worldwide. However, in recent years, there has been a significant decrease in the number of Pubmed entries using the term immunohistochemistry. This decline can be attributed to two factors: increased awareness of the issue of unreliable research antibodies and the availability of novel RNA in situ hybridization techniques. Using the example of immunohistochemistry, this text discusses the factors that can affect good laboratory and publishing practices, or their lack thereof.
IPTG‐induced high protein expression for whole‐cell biosynthesis of L‐phosphinothricin
Authors: Xu Jian‐Miao , Wu Zhou‐Sheng , Zhao Ke‐Ji , Xi Zhi‐Jie , Wang Liu‐Yu , Cheng Feng , Xue Ya‐Ping , Zheng Yu‐Guo
Published: June 2023

Background

Biocatalytic production of L‐phosphinothricin (L‐PPT) is currently the most promising method. In this work, we use an Escherichia coli strain coexpressing of D‐amino acid oxidase and catalase (E. coli DAAO‐CAT) to oxidation biocatalytic D‐PPT to PPO, then use the second E. coli strain coexpressing glutamate dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase (E. coli GluDH‐FDH) to reduce biocatalytic PPO to L‐PPT.

Main Methods and Major Results

We compared the effects of different concentrations of IPTG or lactose on protein expression and enzyme activity in 5 L fermenter. The best induction conditions for E. coli DAAO‐CAT were 0.05 mM IPTG, induction for 18 h at 28°C. The specific enzyme activities of DAAO and CAT were 153.20 U g−1 and 896.23 U g−1, respectively. The optimal induction conditions for E. coli GluDH‐FDH were 0.2 mM IPTG, induction for 19 h at 28°C. The specific enzyme activities of GluDH and FDH were 41.72 U g−1 and 109.70 U g−1, respectively. The 200 mM D‐PPT was biocatalyzed by E. coli DAAO‐CAT for 4 h with space‐time yield of 9.0 g·L−1·h−1 and conversion rate of over 99.0%. Then 220 mM PPO was converted to L‐PPT by E. coli GluDH‐FDH for 3 h with space‐time yield of 14.5 g·L−1·h−1 and conversion rate of over 99.0%. To our knowledge, this is the most efficient biocatalytic reaction for L‐PPT production.

Conclusions and Implications

We found that IPTG has advantages compared with lactose in the enzyme activity and biomass of E. coli DAAO‐CAT and E. coli GluDH‐FDH, and IPTG is more environmentally friendly. Our data implicated that IPTG can replace lactose in terms of economic feasibility and effectiveness for scaled‐up industrial fermentations.
On learning platform metrics as markers for student success in a course
Authors: Yalcin Ali , Kaw Autar , Clark Renee
Published: June 2023

Adaptive learning platforms are increasingly being used as part of varying instructional modalities. Particularly relevant to this paper, adaptive learning is a critical component of personalized, preclass learning in a flipped classroom. Previously inaccessible, data generated by adaptive learning platforms regarding student engagement with the course content provides an invaluable opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the learning process and improve upon it. We aim to investigate the relationships between adaptive learning platform interactions and overall student success in the course and identify the variables most influential to student success. We present a comprehensive analysis of our adaptive learning platform data collected in a Numerical Methods course, including aggregate statistics, frequency analysis, and Principal Component Analysis, to determine which variables exhibited the most variability and, therefore, the most information in the data. Subsequently, we used the Partitioning Around Medoids clustering approach to investigate naturally occurring clusters of students and how these clusters relate to overall performance in the course. Our results show that overall performance in the course, as measured by the final course grade, is strongly associated with (1) the behavioral interactions of students with the adaptive platform and (2) their performance on the adaptive learning assessments. We also found distinct student clusters (as defined by success in the course) that exhibited distinctly different behaviors. These findings provide qualitative and quantitative information to identify students needing support and to craft an evidence‐based support strategy for these students.
The interplay of cardiac hemodynamics in rheumatic triple valve stenosis
Authors: Velayutham Ramanathan , Ahmed A Shaheer
Published: June 2023

Rheumatic heart disease is among the common causes of cardiovascular morbidity in developing countries. Here we present the hemodynamic interplay of stenotic rhematic involvement of aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valves in a 35‐year‐old female. Though noninvasive imaging by echocardiography and doppler has taken the upper hand today, this case illustrates the crucial role of cardiac catheterization in understanding the hemodynamics and patient management of rheumatic multivalvular heart disease.
Improved Luminous Efficiency of AgInS2 Quantum Dots and Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐70 Composite for White Light Emitting Diode Applications
Authors: Qin Zhe , Chen Yuanhong , Chen Ting , Liang Mengbiao , Wen Peng , Guo Chunxian , Ye Changqing , Xie Zhixiang
Published: June 2023

The application of multiple quantum dots (QDs) in the field of white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) is still an important challenge due to their low luminous efficiency and quenching phenomenon. In this paper, we prepared AgInS2 QDs/zeolitic imidazolate framework‐70 (AIS/ZIF‐70) composite by a microwave hydrothermal method. Owing to the high porosity and stability of ZIF‐70, it could effectively prevent quenching issues due to the aggregation of QDs. Since the ZIF‐70 and QDs were chemically bonded, the formation of the ZnS layer could effectively passivate the surface defect and thus the quantum yield reached 21.49 % in aqueous solution. The luminous efficiency (LE) of the assembled AIS/ZIF‐based WLED was reinforced by 6.8 times with a molar ratio of AgIn/Zn=18, i. e. at 5.26 % molar fraction of ZIF‐70. Moreover, the color rendering index (CRI) and correlated color temperature (CCT) of AIS/ZIF‐based WLED were 84.3 and 3631 K, respectively, indicating its potential application in solid‐state lighting.
Extended π‐Conjugation and Structural Planarity Effects of Symmetrical D‐π‐A‐π‐D Naphthalene and Perylene Diimide Semiconductors on n‐type Electrical Properties
Authors: Gámez‐Valenzuela Sergio , Torres‐Moya Iván , Sánchez Abelardo , Donoso Beatriz , López Navarrete Juan Teodomiro , Ruiz Delgado M. Carmen , Prieto Pilar , Ponce Ortiz Rocío
Published: June 2023

A series of donor‐π‐acceptor‐π‐donor (D‐π‐A‐π‐D) compounds based on naphthalendiimide (NDI) and perylenediimide (PDI) central cores combined with triphenylamine and phenylcarbazole donor groups have been synthesized, characterized and tested in top‐contact/bottom gate organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). The results showed high electron mobilities, up to 0.3 cm2 V−1 s−1, in the case of NDI derivatives and moderate values of around 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 for PDI‐based semiconductors. Quantum chemical calculations were performed in order to support the experimental data. The results suggest that adequate molecular characteristics and larger crystalline domains in NDI vs. PDI semiconducting films may be the reasons behind the enhanced electrical properties of NDI derivatives. Furthermore, when the lateral donor substituents are triphenylamine groups, the mobilities were slightly higher in comparison to phenylcarbazole donor groups due to an improved electron‐donating character. Other characterization techniques, such as AFM, X‐ray diffraction or spectroelectrochemistry, among others, have been performed to analyze supramolecular order, charge carriers’ nature and stability, parameters closely related to charge transport characteristics.
The emerging role of septins in fungal pathogenesis
Authors: Eisermann Iris , Garduño‐Rosales Marisela , Talbot Nicholas J.
Published: June 2023

Fungal pathogens undergo specific morphogenetic transitions in order to breach the outer surfaces of plants and invade the underlying host tissue. The ability to change cell shape and switch between non‐polarised and polarised growth habits is therefore critical to the lifestyle of plant pathogens. Infection‐related development involves remodelling of the cytoskeleton, plasma membrane and cell wall at specific points during fungal pathogenesis. Septin GTPases are components of the cytoskeleton that play pivotal roles in actin remodelling, micron‐scale plasma membrane curvature sensing and cell polarity. Septin assemblages, such as rings, collars and gauzes, are known to have important roles in cell shape changes and are implicated in formation of specialised infection structures to enter plant cells. Here, we review and compare the reported functions of septins of plant pathogenic fungi, with a special focus on invasive growth. Finally, we discuss septins as potential targets for broad‐spectrum antifungal plant protection strategies.
Facile Synthesis and Insight of Atomically Dispersed Ni Catalyst on N‐Doped Carbonized Lignin for Highly Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to CO
Authors: Park Gi‐Dong , Sirisomboonchai Suchada , Norinaga Koyo
Published: June 2023

For the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), the single‐metal atom catalysts (SACs) on N‐doped carbon are considered promising alternatives to conventional catalysts owing to their unique electrocatalytic properties. However, environmentally friendly methods to prepare SACs are still required. Herein, Ni SAC was synthesized using lignin derived from biomass whose structural and chemical properties render it suitable as both a base carbon matrix and a metal chelating agent. The coordination environment of active Ni−Nx sites was readily manipulated by controlling thermal activation. The Ni SAC on lignin‐derived N‐doped carbon achieved an outstanding CO Faradaic efficiency of 98.2 % at −0.9 V vs. RHE, which is comparable to those of conventional SACs. Experimental results combined with DFT calculations demonstrate the optimal conditions for manufacturing Ni SAC which is highly selective for CO2‐to‐CO conversion and the effect of the electronic structure of Ni atom on CO2RR kinetics.
Maternal education as an environmental factor related to reading in children with reading difficulties: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Greenwood Paige , Hutton John , Dudley Jonathan , DiFrancesco Mark , Farah Rola , Altaye Mekibib , Horowitz‐Kraus Tzipi
Published: June 2023

The expanded simple view of reading (SVR) model suggests that word decoding, language comprehension and executive functions are necessary for reading comprehension. Children with reading difficulties (RDs) often have deficits in critical components of reading established in the expanded SVR model and alterations in brain function of reading‐related regions. Maternal education could provide children with advantageous educational opportunities or resources that support reading acquisition. The primary goal of this study was to examine the contributions of maternal education to the behavioural and neurobiological correlates of the expanded SVR model. Seventy‐two 8‐ to 12‐year‐old children with RDs and typical readers (TRs) completed reading, behavioural and an functional magnetic resonance imaging stories‐listening task to determine the functional connectivity of the receptive language network to the whole brain in association with maternal education. Higher maternal education was associated with better vocabulary in children with RDs and positive functional connectivity between the receptive language network and regions related to visual processing in children with RDs versus TRs. These data suggest that maternal education supports the ability to comprehend oral language and engagement of neural networks that support imagination/visualization in children with RDs.
The need for epidemiological research on eating disorders in Africa and the Caribbean
Authors: Philip Briyanna , Poku Ohemaa , Attoh‐Okine Naa‐Djama , Presskreischer Rachel
Published: June 2023

The eating disorders field acknowledges the need to include diverse populations in research. Although global diversity has increased in epidemiologic research, there is still a significant lack of research in Africa and the Caribbean. The objectives of this article are to highlight knowledge gaps in these regions and make recommendations to improve future research. We searched the literature about the epidemiology of eating disorders in Africa and the Caribbean and provided a brief summary of research findings and measures used to identify cases. There is a large knowledge gap about the epidemiology of eating disorders across African and Caribbean nations. Knowledge about the cultural appropriateness of measurement instruments and screening tools is also lacking. Inadequate information about the epidemiology of eating disorders in Africa and the Caribbean inhibits the eating disorders research field from identifying who is affected. Further, measures and screening instruments with uncertain cultural validity inhibit the ability to understand case presentations and treatment targets. We recommend that the field advocate for the inclusion of eating disorders in larger population health research and that future research should evaluate the appropriateness of measurement instruments to capture eating disorder cases in African and Caribbean countries.

Public significance

There is a lack of eating disorder research in African and Caribbean countries. The limited studies that do exist show evidence of eating disorders in African and Caribbean countries. Research is needed to develop culturally relevant measures for screening and case identification, and to calculate incidence and prevalence.
Positive tree diversity effects on arboreal spider abundance are tied to canopy cover in a forest experiment
Authors: Butz Elizabeth M. , Schmitt Lauren M. , Parker John D. , Burghardt Karin T.
Published: June 2023

Human actions are decreasing the diversity and complexity of forests, and a mechanistic understanding of how these changes affect predators is needed to maintain ecosystem services, including pest regulation. Using a large‐scale tree diversity experiment, we investigate how spiders respond to trees growing in plots of single or mixed species combinations (4 or 12) by repeatedly sampling 540 trees spanning 15 species. In 2019 (6 years post‐establishment), spider responses to tree diversity varied by tree species. By 2021, diversity had a more consistently positive effect, with trees in 4‐ or 12‐species plots supporting 23% or 50% more spiders, respectively, compared to conspecifics in monocultures. Spiders showed stronger tree species preferences in late summer, and the positive impact of plot diversity doubled. In early summer, the positive diversity effect was tied to higher canopy cover in diverse plots, leading to higher spider densities. This indirect path strengthened in late summer, with an additional direct effect of plot diversity on spiders. Prey availability was higher in diverse plots but was not tied to spider density. Overall, diverse plots supported more predators, partly by increasing available habitat. Adopting planting strategies focused on species mixtures may better maintain higher trophic levels and ecosystem functions.
Hall and rotation effects on magnetohydrodynamics two fluids slip flow of ionized gases via parallel conduit
Authors: Raju T. Linga , Satish P.
Published: June 2023

In a rotational model, the Hall effect on two‐liquid magnetohydrodynamics plasma flows of ionized gases between two nonconducting horizontal channel plates in a slip regime is researched. The produced magnetic field is omitted under the presumption that the Reynolds magnetic number is low. The modeled governing equations are solved by using the existing analytical method so as to obtain solutions in closed form. We use the first order slip to obtain exact results for the velocity, temperature fields, and hence the rates of heat transfer coefficient. On the basis of different values for the Hartmann number, slip, Hall, and rotation parameters, also viscosity, density, height, and electrical conductivity ratios of the two fluids, a parametric investigation of the velocity, temperature fields is initiated. It was concluded that the velocity declined with the augmented values of Hartmann number and the fluid velocity and temperature profiles in both the zones oscillate with the effect of the Hall parameter. In addition to that, the stimulations are present in the heat transfer coefficient rate with various values of the slip and rotational parameters.
Higher rate of progesterone receptor positivity in skeletal metastases of breast cancer with a pathological fracture vs those without fracture
Authors: Rajkovic Stanislav M. , Charalambous Michalis P. , Charalambous Charalambos P. , Simic Ljubica D. , Djuricic Goran J. , Dundjerovic Dusko M. , Miceta Lazar D. , Milicic Biljana R. , Sopta Jelena P.
Published: June 2023

Identifying risk factors for fracture occurrence in breast cancer (BC) skeletal metastases (SM) may guide the management of such bone deposits. There is sparse evidence regarding receptor status in SM and their relationship to fracture occurrence. Our study aimed to determine the relationship between estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and HER2 receptor status and Ki‐67 index and fracture occurrence in SM of BC. Exactly 152 samples of SM of BC obtained from individual patients were evaluated. The status of the aforementioned receptors and Ki67 index were determined in SMs samples. Their expression was compared between SM that did and did not develop a fracture. Ninety‐one cases sustained a pathological fracture at the SM site, and 61 did not. Patients who sustained a pathological fracture had a higher rate of PR positivity at their SMs as compared to those with no fracture. There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning ER, HER2+ or Ki67 status. SMs secondary to BC with a fracture are more likely to be PR positive than those with no fracture. Determining the receptor status in SMs may identify high‐risk groups for fracture occurrence, and determining the PR status may also guide surgical and hormonal therapy.
Recycling the ‘unrecyclable’
Authors: James Hannah , Sedman Becky
Published: June 2023

This article seeks to provide practical advice and solutions for common types of non‐clinical waste from veterinary practice that are usually not accepted in the standard recycling services offered by local councils and waste management companies. Paper, cardboard, aluminium and glass are widely recycled and easy to identify as recyclable, as are clear plastic bottles (though the range of different types of plastics and their recyclability – or otherwise – present their own problems). However, veterinary practice also generates large quantities of other non‐clinical waste, some of which seems as if it should be recyclable (eg, uniforms, furniture and printers), and some of which may not initially seem recyclable but may actually be if the right solution can be found. This article discusses some of these waste streams and offer potential recycling solutions.
Acid‐catalyzed recyclization of spiroindolinepyrano[3,2‐b]pyrans to 3,4‐dihydroquinolinone derivatives containing allomaltol fragment
Authors: Milyutin Constantine V. , Komogortsev Andrey N. , Lichitsky Boris V. , Melekhina Valeriya G.
Published: June 2023

For the first time, we developed a novel one‐step method for the synthesis of substituted 3,4‐dihydroquinolinones with allomaltol moiety. The suggested approach includes acid‐catalyzed recyclization of spiroindolinepyrano[3,2‐b]pyrans which can be obtained by multicomponent reaction of 3‐hydroxy‐4‐pyranones, isatins and malononitrile. The described transformation is a distinctive feature of 3‐hydroxy‐4‐pyranone derivatives and is not typical for other heterocyclic enols. The advantages of the considered method are the employment of easily accessible starting materials and simple work‐up procedure which can avoid chromatographic purification. The structure of one of synthesized products was determined by x‐ray diffraction.
Non‐Contrast‐Enhanced Functional Lung MRI to Evaluate Treatment Response of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Benlala Ilyes , Klaar Rabea , Gaass Thomas , Macey Julie , Bui Stéphanie , Senneville Baudouin Denis De , Berger Patrick , Laurent François , Dournes Gael , Dinkel Julien
Published: June 2023

Background

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is associated with severe lung damage and requires specific therapeutic management. Repeated imaging is recommended to both diagnose and follow‐up response to treatment of ABPA in CF. However, high risk of cumulative radiation exposure requires evaluation of free‐radiation techniques in the follow‐up of CF patients with ABPA.

Purpose

To evaluate whether Fourier decomposition (FD) functional lung MRI can detect response to treatment of ABPA in CF patients.

Study Type

Retrospective longitudinal.

Population

Twelve patients (7M, median‐age:14 years) with CF and ABPA with pre‐ and post‐treatment MRI.

Field Strength/Sequence

2D‐balanced‐steady‐state free‐precession (bSSFP) sequence with FD at 1.5T.

Assessment

Ventilation‐weighted (V) and perfusion‐weighted (Q) maps were obtained after FD processing of 2D‐coronal bSSFP time‐resolved images acquired before and 3–9 months after treatment. Defects extent was assessed on the functional maps using a qualitative semi‐quantitative score (0 = absence/negligible, 1 = <50%, 2 = >50%). Mean and coefficient of variation (CV) of the ventilation signal‐intensity (VSI) and the perfusion signal‐intensity (QSI) were calculated. Measurements were performed independently by three readers and averaged. Inter‐reader reproducibility of the measurements was assessed. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed within 1 week of both MRI studies as markers of the airflow‐limitation severity.

Statistical Tests

Comparisons of medians were performed using the paired Wilcoxon‐test. Reproducibility was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Correlations between MRI and PFT parameters were assessed using the Spearman‐test (rho correlation‐coefficient). A P‐value <0.05 was considered as significant.

Results

Defects extent on both V and Q maps showed a significant reduction after ABPA treatment (4.25 vs. 1.92 for V‐defect‐score and 5 vs. 2.75 for Q‐defect‐score). VSI_mean was significantly increased after treatment (280 vs. 167). Qualitative analyses reproducibility showed an ICC > 0.90, while the ICCs of the quantitative measurements was almost perfect (>0.99). Changes in VSI_cv and QSI_cv before and after treatment correlated inversely with changes of FEV1%p (rho = −0.68 for both).

Data Conclusion

Non‐contrast‐enhanced FD lung MRI has potential to reproducibly assess response to treatment of ABPA in CF patients and correlates with PFT obstructive parameters.

Evidence Level

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Lauroyl arginate ethyl: A novel bio‐based CO2‐switchable surfactant
Authors: Chen Chuhao , Luan Huoxin , Lei Zhengyu , Li Lingyu , Feng Zihan , Zhang Dongmei , Su Xin , Feng Yujun
Published: June 2023

For switchable surfactant to be reusable, its property must be activated by a stimulus after it has been utilized. Nonetheless, a plenty of switchable surfactants are environmentally harmful tertiary amines. This study investigates the biocompatible amino acid derivatives, lauroyl arginate ethyl (LAE) as a new biodegradable CO2‐switchable surfactant. In the study, LAE was prepared and its structure was characterized. The variation of pH value was measured to determine the responsiveness to CO2. The surface tension and interfacial tension were measured to determine the surface activity of the material. Finally, CO2 and N2 were injected into the solution to determine reversible emulsification of emulsion. Not only does the LAE have reversible emulsification capacity, but it is also non‐toxic and biodegradable. In the future, its applications in everyday life and industry will expand.
A pilot study: Nano‐hydroxyapatite‐PEG/PLA containing low dose rhBMP2 stimulates proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Dede Eda Çiftci , Gizer Merve , Korkusuz Feza , Bal Zeynep , Ishiguro Hiroyuki , Yoshikawa Hideki , Kaito Takashi , Korkusuz Petek
Published: June 2023

Background

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) can enhance posterolateral spinal fusion (PLSF). The minimum effective dose that may stimulate mesenchymal stem cells however remains unknown. Nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHAp) polyethylene glycol (PEG)/polylactic acid (PLA) was combined with recombinant human BMP2 (rhBMP2). We in vitro evaluated proliferation, differentiation, and osteogenic genes of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 μg/mL rhBMP2 doses in this study.

Methods

In vitro experimental study was designed to proliferation by a real‐time quantitative cell analysis system and the osteogenic differentiation by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteogenic marker (Runx2, OPN, and OCN) gene expressions of human derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs). nHAp was produced by wet chemical process and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy. PEG/PLA polymer was produced at a 51:49 molar ratio. 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 μg/mL rhBMP2 and nHAp was combined with the polymers. hBMMSCs were characterized by multipotency assays and surface markers were assessed by flow cytometer. The hBMMSC‐rhBMP2 containing nHAp‐PEG/PLA composite interaction was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Proliferative effect was evaluated by real‐time proliferation analysis, and osteogenic capacity was evaluated by ALP activity assay and qPCR.

Results

hBMMSC proliferation in the 0.5 μg/mL rhBMP2 + nHAp‐PEG/PLA and the 1.0 μg/mL rhBMP2 + nHAp‐PEG/PLA groups were higher compared to control. 1.0 μg/mL rhBMP2 + nHAp‐PEG/PLA and 3.0 μg/mL rhBMP2 + nHAp‐PEG/PLA containing composites induced ALP activity on days 3 and 10. 0.5 μg/mL rhBMP2 + nHAp‐PEG/PLA application stimulated Runx2 and OPN gene expressions.

Conclusion

rhBMP2 + nHAp‐PEG/PLA composites stimulate hBMMSC proliferation and differentiation. The nHAp‐PEG/PLA composite with low dose of rhBMP2 may enhance bone formation in future clinical PLSF applications.
Plantamajoside modulates immune dysregulation and hepatic lipid metabolism in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease viaAMPK/Nrf2 elevation
Authors: Wu Ji‐Mu , Zhaori Getu , Mei Li , Ren Xiao‐Man , Laga Arong Tong , Deligen Batu
Published: June 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic metabolic syndrome with a rapidly increasing prevalence globally. Plantamajoside (PMS), a phenylethanoid glycoside component extracted fromPlantago asiatica, has various biological properties. However, its effect on NAFLD remains unknown. The study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of PMS on NAFLD in the high‐fat diet (HFD)‐feeding rats. PMS induced a decrease in body and liver weight, and the amelioration in the blood lipid parameters and pathological symptoms in HFD‐feeding rats. The increase in the serum concentrations and the relative protein expressions of proinflammatory factors was decreased by the PMS treatment in HFD‐induced NAFLD rats. Additionally, PMS reduced the excessive lipid vacuoles, and modified the relative expressions of proteins involved in the fatty acid synthesis and uptake in HFD‐feeding rats. Mechanically, the downregulation of AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in HFD‐feeding rats was restored by the PMS treatment. Inhibition of AMPK pathway reversed the PMS‐induced the increase in the level of inflammatory factors, pathological symptoms, excessive lipid vacuoles, and the relative expression of proteins involved in the fatty acid synthesis and uptake. Collectively, PMS ameliorated immune dysregulation and abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism by activating AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in rats with NAFLD.
The effects of combining front‐of‐pack nutritional labels on consumers' subjective understanding, trust, and preferences
Authors: Mazzù Marco Francesco , Marozzo Veronica , Baccelloni Angelo , Giambarresi Andrea
Published: June 2023

The decision to adopt a unique mandatory front‐of‐pack nutritional label (FOPL) has currently been delayed by the European Union (EU) as contrasting evidence exists on which one might consistently better encourage customers toward healthier diets. In this context, little attention has been dedicated to investigating the potential effects of having more than one front‐of‐pack nutritional label on food products. This study aims to verify if a combination of front‐of‐pack nutritional labels (i.e., a “bundle”) performs better for consumer understanding, trust, and preferences (such as liking) toward the label by helping consumers make healthier and more informed food choices. With this in mind, the study focused on three front‐of‐pack nutritional labels developed by public institutions that are central to the research and the recent EU policy‐making debate. In three controlled experiments, building upon the “directiveness” front‐of‐pack nutritional label schemes, we find that the combination of a nondirective (i.e., NutrInform Battery) and a directive (i.e., Keyhole) label outperforms both the combination of two directive labels (i.e., Nutri‐Score and Keyhole) and a single‐directive front‐of‐pack nutritional label (i.e., Keyhole) on subjective understanding, trust in the label and liking. Results cast light on the bundling of front‐of‐pack nutritional labels as a potentially different approach that might be further analyzed by researchers and provide a substantive contribution to managers and policy‐makers in their decision toward a unified front‐of‐pack nutritional label within the European Community.
Evaporative Dry Powders Derived from Cellulose Nanofiber Organogels to Fully Recover Inherent High Viscosity and High Transparency of Water Dispersion
Authors: Yagyu Hitomi , Kasuga Takaaki , Ogata Nodoka , Koga Hirotaka , Daicho Kazuho , Goi Yohsuke , Nogi Masaya
Published: June 2023

Water containing low amounts of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is widely used as a thickening agent owing to its three unique properties: high transparency, viscosity, and controllable viscosity based on the shear rate. CNF dry powders are used to reduce the transportation and storage costs or expand applications as a thickening agent. Herein, the preparation of CNF dry powders that can be used to obtain redispersions while maintaining the aforementioned properties is reported. In this regard, the dehydration and vaporization procedures for a CNF water dispersion without using additives are discussed. When dry powders are prepared by removing water by boiling, their redispersions do not exhibit all their unique properties because of dense aggregations. However, when their redispersions are vigorously stirred to break the dense aggregations, they become transparent, although they do not recover their initial viscosity. Freeze‐dried powders recover all their initial properties after redispersion. Nevertheless, their large volume does not reduce the transportation and storage costs. When the liquid is evaporated from the solvent‐exchanged CNF organogels, their redispersions also fully recover all their properties. Furthermore, the evaporative dry powders with dense small volumes and good handling contribute to reducing the transportation and storage costs.
Field responds to advisory on use of social media and impact on youth MH
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2023

The recent release of the U.S. Surgeon General's advisory on the use of social media and its impact on the mental health of youth and adolescents has raised much discussion, and no doubt garnered much reaction and concern, particularly given the current youth mental health crisis.
Sensitive carbon monoxide detection based on laser absorption spectroscopy with hollow‐core antiresonant fiber
Authors: Chen Weipeng , Qiao Shunda , Zhao Zixu , Gao Shoufei , Wang Yingying , Ma Yufei
Published: June 2023

A carbon monoxide (CO) sensing system based on hollow‐core antiresonant fiber (HC‐ARF) is developed using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology. A HC‐ARF with length of 75 cm is applied as light transmission passage and gas chamber. Compared with conventional multipass cell, HC‐ARF has the advantages of compact volume, low cost, steady transmission, and simple optical alignment. Two techniques of direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) and wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) were used respectively. In DAS, the minimum detection limit (MDL) was 12251.04 ppm. In WMS, the modulation depth of this HC‐ARF based CO‐TDLAS sensor was optimized to be 0.13 cm−1 and the R‐squared numeric of the linear relationship between the peak of the 2 f signal and the gas concentration was 0.99, indicating that the system has a nice linear responsiveness to the CO gas concentration. Finally, the MDL of the sensor was calculated to be 196.33 ppm.
An ultra‐wideband MIMO system with multi‐loop mode for full‐screen smartphone applications
Authors: Ren Aidi , Zhang Zhanhao , Chen Qian , Yu Haoran , Yang Lixia , Huang Zhixiang , Liu Ying
Published: June 2023

In this letter, an ultra‐wideband (UWB) eight‐element multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system with multi‐loop modes for fifth‐generation (5G) smartphones is presented. The antenna unit has a simple structure and is composed of an inverted U‐shaped feeding strip and an L‐shaped grounding radiation strip with a hollow out in the middle. Owing to the generation of two coupling loop modes, the working bandwidth of the proposed antenna unit covers 3.2−6.4 GHz. Besides, the simulated and measured results show that the isolation between any two antennas is better than 12.0 dB, and the total efficiency of each element is higher than 50%. Meanwhile, the measured radiation pattern, envelope correlation coefficients, channel capacity loss, mean effective gain, and diversity gain are also given in this letter. The above results demonstrate that the MIMO system has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture, and superior performance.
Assessment of Dermo Perkinsus marinus in the “Southern Oyster” from a High-Salinity Environment
Authors: Ammons D. , Gonzalez D. , Lu M. T. , Rampersad J.
Published: June 2023

The prevalence and intensity of dermo Perkinsus marinus were examined in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica “southern oyster” population within the high salinity (35‰ or greater) waters of South Texas' lower Laguna Madre (LLM). During 2017, 192 oysters from four collection sites (approximately 111 km2 study area) were examined via culture for the presence of Perkinsus hypnospores. Additionally, dermo DNA was detected in oysters by PCR. The number of oysters infected (prevalence = 0.36), as well as the intensity of infection, were consistent within three of the four collection sites but varied between sites, suggesting that environmental differences influence P. marinus infection in the LLM. All sites showed an upward trend in the number of oysters infected as oyster size increased, yet the highest infection intensities were not found predominately in the larger oysters. Although the warm, high-salinity waters might be expected to be ideal for dermo infection, the relative number and intensity of infections were low for most sites, suggesting that dermo in the LLM may not pose a significant threat to commercial oyster culture and that the southern oyster may be uniquely suited for developing a strain of oysters suitable for offshore culture in the Gulf of Mexico.