bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic Upgrading of Biomass‐Derived Aldoses to Rare Deoxy Ketoses Catalyzed by Transketolase Variants
Authors: Arbia Giuseppe , Joly Muriel , Nauton Lionel , Leogrande Camilla , Tittmann Kai , Charmantray Franck , Hecquet Laurence
Published: December 2024

A sustainable, convenient, scalable, one‐step method for the two‐carbon chain elongation of cheap and biomass‐derived pentoses (l‐arabinose, and 2‐deoxy‐d‐ribose) and hexose l‐rhamnose was developed to produce Cn+2 deoxy ketoses (C‐7 and C‐8) using transketolase, an enzyme catalyzing the quasi‐irreversible transfer of a ketol group from an α‐keto acid to an aldehyde. Deoxygenated ketoses ‐ commonly obtained by chemical synthesis ‐ were afforded through a suitable combination of both nucleophile and electrophile substrates in the presence of rationally designed TK variants. Pyruvate as nucleophile with pentose l‐arabinose (C‐5) as electrophile gave 1‐deoxy‐L‐gluco‐heptulose (C‐7), while ß‐hydroxypyruvate (HPA) as nucleophile with acceptors 2‐deoxy‐d‐ribose (C‐5) and 6‐deoxy‐l‐mannose (l‐rhamnose) (C‐6) led to formation of 4‐deoxy‐d‐altro‐heptulose (C‐7) and 8‐deoxy‐l‐glycero‐l‐galacto‐octulose (C‐8), respectively. These three deoxy ketoses were easily obtained with efficient TK variants under mild conditions with complete or high substrate conversions, good to excellent yields and high diastereoselectivities. This strategy offers interesting prospects to study the biological activities of these three rare and valuable deoxy ketoses on various cellular targets.
Endothelial Angpt2 Promotes Adipocyte Progenitor Cells Maturation to Increase Visceral Adipose Tissue Accumulation
Authors: Yi Xianhao , Ling Jiapu , Tang Yan , Cai Jingjing , Zhu Shaihong , Zhu Liyong
Published: December 2024

Aims

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation is essential for the occurrence and development of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Currently, the specific mechanism of VAT accumulation is still unclear.

Materials and Methods

We searched the Gene Expression Omnibus database to obtain single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data for VAT in patients with a normal body mass index (BMI), obesity, or morbid obesity. By using PCR, WB, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry analysis, we validated the interactions between macrophages, endothelial cells (ECs), and adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs), as well as the underlying mechanism, in VAT. Finally, we tested the findings in obese mice using recombinant proteins and adeno‐associated virus infection.

Results

One study with human scRNAseq data was included. This study collected 13‐VAT from 5 individuals with obesity and diabetes, 9 individuals with obesity, and 1 individual with a normal BMI. The proportion of inflammatory macrophages is substantially increased in obese and diabetic patients. ECs have the most active interactions with other cells. Notably, the activation of JAK1/STAT3 is one of the reasons for the increase in inflammatory endothelial cells and can promote the secretion of angiopoietin‐2 (Angpt2) and induce APCs to transition from mesothelin (MSLN) to complement factor D (CFD) expression via integrin‐α5β1 signalling. This phenotypic transition promotes APC differentiation into mature adipocytes and accelerates VAT accumulation. These observations were further validated in an in vitro model and an in vivo study using Angpt2 recombinant proteins and blocking the expression of Angpt2 by adeno‐associated virus infection.

Conclusions

ECs are essential for promoting VAT accumulation by facilitating APC differentiation from MSLN to CFD phenotype. This process is driven by Angpt2 from ECs upon JAK1/STAT3 signalling activation under metabolic stress.
Enhancing Motivation to Reduce Restrictive Eating: A Novel Approach
Authors: Harris Lauren M. , Rogers Megan L. , Broshek Catherine E. , Campione Marie T. , Park Esther C. , Robison Morgan , Schafer Katherine M. , Joiner Thomas E.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Despite growing interest in leveraging motivational techniques to address restrictive eating, it is not yet clear how to most effectively promote motivation to reduce this behavior. Drawing from a behavioral economic framework, the present study evaluates a novel approach for increasing motivation to address disordered eating by amplifying the potential benefits of reducing dietary restriction and the consequences of maintaining disordered behaviors.

Method

A sample of 126 undergraduate students engaging in restrictive eating participated in a 7‐day online experiment. Participants were randomized to one of four conditions: Amplified Benefits and Consequences, Amplified Benefits, Amplified Consequences, or a control condition. Growth curve models were estimated to examine the extent to which experimental conditions led to changes in eating pathology and motivation over the study period.

Results

Initial reductions in dietary restraint were observed in conditions where the benefits of reducing restriction were amplified; however, these reductions were not sustained over the 7‐day study period. The greatest increases in motivation were observed when both the benefits of reducing restriction and the consequences of maintenance were amplified.

Discussion

Interventions designed to enhance motivation alone are unlikely to yield sustained reductions in eating disorder symptoms and therefore should be accompanied or followed by targeted interventions which directly address restrictive eating behaviors and maladaptive cognitions about shape and weight.
Rescue or murder? The effect of prey adaptation to the predator subjected to fisheries
Authors: Shang Yangke , Kasada Minoru , Kondoh Michio
Published: December 2024

The concept of “indirect evolutionary rescue” refers to the evolutionary adaptation of an interacting species that can save a focal species from extinction in an unfavorable environment. Although theories suggest that indirect evolutionary rescue may have essential impacts on catchments in the context of fisheries where artificial selection pressure from fishing can drive evolution, its generality and conditions remain uncertain. In this study, by investigating how prey adaptation affects the persistence of a predator subjected to selective harvest with an eco‐evolutionary predator–prey model, we find that prey adaptation tends to deteriorate (facilitate) predator persistence when predator's evolvability is high (low). In the system where the predator possesses high evolvability, selection by fisheries inhibits a predator's adaptation to prey, allowing the prey to escape predation by adaptation. Prey adaptation will affect predator persistence negatively, leading to evolutionary murder. Conversely, in the system where the predator's evolvability is low, the removal of predator individuals by fisheries relaxes predation pressure on prey, making the prey less defensive. Vulnerable prey affects predator persistence positively, resulting in indirect evolutionary rescue. The context‐dependent response of natural resources to fisheries identified in this study suggests that the eco‐evolutionary interplay should be considered for better natural resource management.
Comparing Historical and Contemporary Observations of Avian Fauna on the Yáláƛi (Goose Island) Archipelago, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Obrist Debora S. , Pendray Elizabeth Jane , Field Rachel D. , Housty William , Dennert Allison M. , Scoville Gerald W. , Darimont Chris T. , Reynolds John D.
Published: December 2024

In an era of global change, historical natural history data can improve our understanding of ecological phenomena, particularly when evaluated with contemporary Indigenous and place‐based knowledge. The Yáláƛi (Goose Island) Archipelago is a group of islands in Heiltsuk (Haíɫzaqv) territory on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada. Not only has this region been important to the Heiltsuk for millennia but also it is both a federally and internationally recognized important bird area. In this study, we compare data collected by Charles J. Guiguet, a biologist who documented bird communities at Yáláƛi in the summer of 1948, to three different contemporary surveys and to citizen‐science data. We find that the relative abundances of forest bird species (i.e., birds that use the terrestrial island ecosystems) in 1948 differed to those observed in systematic surveys in 2011. While Orange‐crowned Warblers, Dark‐eyed Juncos, and Red Crossbills comprised 55% of detections by Guiguet in 1948, the three most abundant species in 2011 were Bald Eagles, Varied Thrushes, and Pacific Wrens, and these accounted for only 25% of detections. Although we could not make a quantitative comparison, we provide summaries of each species observed in surveys or reported on eBird. We also incorporate Heiltsuk place‐based knowledge to enrich our discussion of the variability in bird communities over time, from how changes in mammal communities and human use may have shaped vegetation dynamics to how large‐scale natural phenomena impacted topography. To understand which birds are present and how their communities are changing over time, we recommend continued monitoring of the bird communities at Yáláƛi.
Daily Activity Patterns and Overlap Activity of Medium–Large Mammals in Sülüklü Lake Nature Park, Western Black Sea Region, Türkiye
Authors: Yildiz Fehmi , Uzun Ali
Published: December 2024

Türkiye, due to its position as a bridge between Asia and Europe, encompassing three distinct biogeographic regions and its diverse climatic conditions and geographical features, exhibits the characteristics of a small continent in terms of biodiversity, hosting a very high number of mammalian species. However, information on these mammals' activity patterns and co‐occurrence, specifically in Türkiye, is limited. Our study aimed to reveal the daily activity patterns and temporal overlaps of mammalian species detected using camera traps in Sülüklü Lake Nature Park. The white‐breasted hedgehog was strictly nocturnal, while the European badger, gray wolf, European hare, wild boar, and beech marten tended to be nocturnal. The Caucasian squirrel was strictly diurnal, and the roe deer tended to be diurnal. The highest temporal overlap was found between the white‐breasted hedgehog and the beech marten (∆4 = 0.84, 95% CI), followed by the red fox and roe deer (∆1 = 0.77, 95% CI). The lowest temporal overlap (∆1 = 0.081, 95% CI) was found between the white‐breasted hedgehog and the Caucasian squirrel. The second lowest overlap (∆1 = 0.136, 95% CI) occurred between the Caucasian squirrel and the European badger. Our findings have provided new and detailed insights into the diversity of mammalian species within the nature park located in Northwestern Anatolia. These data will support and facilitate future research aimed at understanding the mechanisms of species coexistence in this ecosystem. The results obtained will enable a deeper examination of ecosystem dynamics and contribute to developing strategies for biodiversity conservation.
Unveiling Phytoplankton Diversity: Taxonomy, Functional Groups, and Environmental Drivers in North China Lakes
Authors: Wang Wei , Huang Hanjie , He Zhongshi , Zhang Guotao , Lv Junping , Liu Qi , Nan Fangru , Liu Xudong , Xie Shulian , Feng Jia
Published: December 2024

Functional groups (FGs) represent a classification scheme designed to study the ecological adaptations of phytoplankton. However, FG dynamics studies in phytoplankton are often conducted independent of taxonomic studies, so the factors influencing community dynamics have not been sufficiently investigated or compared between the two classification systems. In this study, we compared the intricate relationship between taxonomic and FG compositions in North China lakes and delve into the key environmental drivers shaping phytoplankton community dynamics. This investigation revealed that taxonomic and FG classifications exhibit high qualitative and quantitative similarities in the community structure. Environmental drivers had a stronger influence on the FG structure than taxonomic composition, indicating that the FG classification does not result in the loss of ecological information regarding the community structure, even with the reduced number of grouping units. Indeed, it was evident that FGs contained a larger quantity of ecological information. These conclusions were further verified using lakes in eastern China. Additionally, we found that climatic–geographical factors usually exerted indirect influences, by altering water chemistry, while water chemical factors had more direct and stronger influences. The combined effects of both types of environmental factors had a greater impact on the phytoplankton FG structure than on taxonomic composition. In conclusion, we believe that an in‐depth study of FGs will better focus on the ecological characteristics of phytoplankton, while also avoiding the need for extensive species identification.
Carbon dioxide fluxes and the dominant role of vegetation in recently created and reference Gulf Coast marshes
Authors: Muench A. , Elsey‐Quirk T. , White J. R. , DeLaune R. D.
Published: December 2024

Coastal wetlands are one of the most productive ecosystems on Earth with the capacity to sequester large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). Wetland loss due to anthropogenic and natural causes reduces the carbon (C) storage capacity and potentially releases previously fixed C in biomass and soil to the water column and atmosphere through decomposition. Coastal wetland restoration has the potential to mitigate some of the C losses depending on the balance of C fluxes. However, the role of vegetation and environmental conditions in governing rates of C accumulation in restoration sites is not well resolved. The purpose of this study was to examine seasonal C fluxes, specifically, gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 in unvegetated and vegetated (Spartina alterniflora) areas of a 2‐year old created marsh, and S. alterniflora and Spartina patens communities in a “natural” reference brackish marsh. S. alterniflora‐dominated areas were sinks for CO2 in both the newly created and reference marsh with an average CO2 uptake rate of 7.0 ± 1.0 μmol m−2 s−1. The unvegetated areas in the newly created marsh and S. patens areas in the reference marsh had approximately net neutral CO2 fluxes. S. alterniflora areas of the created marsh had similar carbon fluxes to that in the reference marsh, despite a much lower soil organic matter content. Because vegetation develops much faster than soil properties, restored marshes can be a C sink equivalent to natural marshes as soon as the marsh is vegetated. Ecosystem productivity and C assimilation in S. alterniflora areas of the reference marsh were enhanced by lower elevations (up to 6 cm) and higher soil bulk density (up to 0.28 g cm−3). At similar elevations, S. alterniflora in both the created and reference marshes was a greater C sink than S. patens areas of the reference marsh. Our findings illustrate that establishment of vegetation is critical to promoting C sink functions in created marshes and, notably, species do matter.
From ecological menace to roadside attraction: 28 years of evidence support successful biocontrol of purple loosestrife
Authors: Blossey Bernd , Nuzzo Victoria , Endriss Stacy B.
Published: December 2024

Introduction and spread of non‐native plants provide ecologists and evolutionary biologists with abundant scientific opportunities. However, land managers charged with preventing ecological impacts face financial and logistical challenges to reduce threats by introduced species. The available toolbox (chemical, mechanical, or biological) is also rather limited. Failure to permanently suppress introduced species by mechanical and chemical treatments may result in biocontrol programs using host‐specific insect herbivores. Regardless of the chosen method, long‐term assessment of management outcomes on both the target species and associated biota should be an essential component of management programs. However, data to assess whether management results in desirable outcomes beyond short‐term reductions of the target plant are limited. Here, we use implementation of a biocontrol program targeting a widespread wetland invader, Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife), in North America to track outcomes on the target plant over more than two decades in New York State. After extensive testing, two leaf‐feeding beetles (Galerucella calmariensis and Galerucella pusilla; hereafter “Galerucella”), a root‐feeding weevil (Hylobius transversovittatus) and a flower‐feeding weevil (Nanophyes marmoratus), were approved for field releases. We used a standardized monitoring protocol to record insect abundance and L. salicaria stem densities and heights in 1‐m2 permanent quadrats at 33 different wetlands and followed sites for up to 28 years. As part of this long‐term monitoring, in 20 of these wetlands, we established a factorial experiment releasing either no insects (control), only root feeders, only leaf beetles, or root and leaf feeders. We documented reduced L. salicaria occupancy and stem densities following insect releases over time, irrespective of site‐specific differences in starting plant communities or L. salicaria abundance. We could not complete our factorial experiment because dispersal of leaf beetles to root‐feeder‐only and control sites within 5 years invalidated our experimental controls. Our data show that it took time for significant changes to occur, and short‐term studies may provide misleading results, as L. salicaria stem densities initially increased before significantly decreasing. Several decades after insect releases, prerelease predictions of significant purple loosestrife declines have been confirmed.
Invertebrate herbivores influence seagrass wasting disease dynamics
Authors: Graham Olivia J. , Aoki Lillian R. , Burge Colleen A. , Harvell C. Drew
Published: December 2024

Although invertebrate herbivores commonly impact terrestrial plant diseases by facilitating transmission of plant pathogens and increasing host susceptibility to infection via wounding, less is known about the role of herbivores in marine plant disease dynamics. Importantly, transmission via herbivores may not be required in the ocean since saline ocean waters support pathogen survival and transmission. Through laboratory experiments with eelgrass (Zostera marina), we showed that isopods (Pentidotea wosnesenskii) and snails (Lacuna spp.) created grazing scars that increased disease severity and thus indirectly facilitated transmission of Labyrinthula zosterae (Lz), a protist that causes seagrass wasting disease. Experiments also quantified different feeding preferences among herbivores: Amphipods (Ampithoe lacertosa) selectively consumed diseased eelgrass, while isopods and snails selectively grazed asymptomatic leaves, suggesting different herbivore taxa may have contrasting impacts on disease dynamics. Our experiments show no sign that herbivores directly vector Lz from diseased to asymptomatic eelgrass. However, we isolated live Lz from isopod, amphipod, and snail feces and detected Lz with quantitative polymerase chain reaction in amphipods and snails, suggesting that herbivores eating diseased eelgrass could pass the live pathogen. Finally, field surveys demonstrated a close association between seagrass wasting disease and invertebrate grazing scars; disease prevalence was 29 ± 4.7% (95% CI) higher on eelgrass leaves with herbivore scars. Collectively, these findings show that some herbivores can increase eelgrass disease risk by facilitating the spread of an important pathogen via wounding, but not via direct transmission. Thus, herbivores may play different roles in plant disease dynamics in terrestrial versus marine ecosystems depending on the pathogen's ability to survive and transmit without a vector.
Nutrient effects on plant diversity loss arise from nutrient identity and decreasing niche dimension
Authors: Peng Yang , Yang Jianxia , Seabloom Eric W. , Leitch Andrew R. , Leitch Ilia J. , Wang Ruzhen , Wei Cunzheng , Han Xingguo
Published: December 2024

Two hypotheses have been used to explain the loss of plant diversity with nutrient addition. The nutrient identity hypothesis posits that biodiversity loss is due to a specific limiting nutrient, such as nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P), while the niche dimension hypothesis posits that adding a larger number of limiting nutrients, regardless of their identity, results in biodiversity loss. These two hypotheses have not previously been tested together simultaneously. Here, we conduct that analysis to enable their relative effect sizes to be compared. We manipulated the supply of eight nutrients in the same experimental meadow grassland site to isolate the effects of the identity of added nutrients versus the number of added nutrients on biodiversity loss. We found support for both hypotheses, with the largest negative effects on biodiversity measures being due to N, or N and P treatment, with additional more minor effects of the number of added nutrients. Structural equation models (SEMs) suggested both identity and number of added nutrients had direct negative effects on biodiversity, likely caused by species' innate ability to competitively respond to nutrients, especially in response to disease, herbivory, and stress. SEMs also suggested indirect effects arising from nutrient‐driven increases in aboveground biomass, which resulted in intensified competition for light and the competitive exclusion of short‐statured species. These effects were exacerbated by the nutrients N and P which caused a shift in biomass accumulation from belowground to aboveground. The results highlight that a multi‐nutrient perspective will improve our ability to effectively manage, monitor, and restore ecosystems.
Benzoisoxazoles as Privileged Scaffolds in the Design and Synthesis of N‐containing Molecules: A Recent Update
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Ma Wenbo , Kang Tairan , Sun Peng , Guo Xiaoqiang
Published: December 2024

Benzoisoxazoles, with a distinctive 10‐π‐electron system and significant polarity, readily trigger N−O bond cleavage, enabling multifaceted applications in organic synthesis. Over the past decade, the exponentially increased use of benzoisoxazoles towards the synthesis of highly valuable N‐containing scaffolds, especially N‐heterocycles, has garnered substantial attention. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the transformation of 2,1‐ and 1,2‐benzoisoxazoles since 2015, highlighting the neglected resemblances of these two nitroxy heterocycles. Key processes in the assorted reactions of benzoisoxazoles, including mechanisms, scope, catalyst‐controlled chemodivergence, current limitations, and developmental prospects, are also introduced and discussed.
Monitoring and Analysis of Circumferential Pressure for Long‐Distance Pipe Jacking Construction in Composite Strata
Authors: Zhao Yunfei , Luo Feilun , Xiong Liang
Published: December 2024

At present, the monitoring methods of mechanical parameters of pipe in the process of pipe jacking construction generally have the disadvantages of low data reliability and poor timeliness. Especially in the jacking construction in complex strata, if the jacking parameters and lubrication grouting parameters cannot be adjusted in real time according to the circumferential pressure, it is easy to cause pipe sticking accident. Based on the Inner Mongolia Water Diversion Project from ChaorHe to Liaoning, this paper adopts the LPWA low‐power wide‐area network wireless sensing system based on 5G and IOT technology to realize the real‐time wireless monitoring of the contact pressure and lubrication grouting pressure of the underground pipe jacking pipe. Through the parameters obtained by the wireless sensing system, the stress characteristics of a specific pipe traversing different strata and under different working conditions were studied, and the change rule of circumferential contact pressure of the pipe and the influence of various factors on it were analyzed. The results show that: by analyzing the circumferential contact pressure obtained by the wireless sensing system, the pressure distribution of the pipe in the top soft and bottom hard strata is right>left>bottom>top; in the full‐section strata, the destruction of the lubricating mud sleeve will lead to the same contact pressure on one side and the bottom of the pipe; when the pipe traverse the interfaces of different rock strata, the stability of the lubricating mud sleeve will be affected, and thus the circumferential contact pressure will be altered. The above results are consistent with the theoretical prediction and can provide reference for the actual project. In conclusion, the wireless sensing system can accurately reflect the distribution of circumferential contact pressure of the pipe under different strata, and provide reliable data support for improving construction efficiency and safety.
Experimental, economic, and life cycle carbon footprint assessment of low‐cost adsorbents for siloxane removal from landfill gas
Authors: Amaraibi Rarosue J. , Reynolds Bryce , Joseph Babu , Kuhn John N.
Published: December 2024

Siloxane impurities in landfill gas (LFG) pose a significant challenge for downstream processing equipment used in energy recovery. This study investigated the adsorption capacity, cost, and environmental impact of five low‐cost adsorbent materials: biochar, clinoptilolite, hydrochar, diatomaceous‐earth, and crushed glass. Gravimetric analysis was used to determine the adsorption capacity of these materials for octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4). The results were then used to conduct a technoeconomic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA), comparing the selected adsorbents with activated carbon (AC), a commonly used adsorbent for siloxane removal. The TEA revealed that the cost of LFG purification with clinoptilolite, biochar, and AC was $0.035, $0.034, and $0.033/m3, respectively, for the base case studied. The cradle‐to‐gate LCA showed that clinoptilolite had significantly lower carbon emissions compared with the other adsorbents, both per kg of D4 captured and per kg of adsorbent produced. The potential fate of siloxanes after adsorption was discussed, emphasizing the importance of proper treatment and disposal of spent adsorbents. Surface modification techniques were recommended to enhance the adsorption capacity and regeneration of clinoptilolite, potentially reducing cost and carbon emissions in LFG purification. These findings highlight the potential of low‐cost adsorbents for sustainable LFG purification.
HIL Test Verification of PDPI Control of Induction Generator‐Based Multi‐Rotor Wind Turbine Systems
Authors: Benbouhenni Habib , Yessef Mourad , Bizon Nicu , Kadi Sara , Alhejji Ayman , Bossoufi Badre
Published: December 2024

In this experimental study, a new technique is designed and presented for controlling the rotor side converter of an induction generator (IG) for multi‐rotor wind turbine (MRWT) systems. The direct power command (DPC) strategy is used to regulate the reactive and active power (Qs and Ps). DPC is characterized by several drawbacks, the most prominent of which are low durability, low current/power quality, and the use of power estimation. Therefore, a new PDPI (proportional‐derivative proportional‐integral) regulator is used as a suitable solution to overcome these shortcomings while maintaining simplicity, achieving a rapid dynamic response, and obtaining gains that characterize the DPC. The suggested DPC for controlling the IG inverter of an MRWT system uses two PDPI regulators and pulse width modulation (PWM) to create and generate the pulses necessary to run and regulate the IG inverter. First, the DPC‐PDPI‐PWM is verified in a MATLAB using different tests, and the characteristics of the DPC‐PDPI‐PWM is compared to that of DPC under different working conditions for a 1500 kW IG. Second, the validity of the simulated results is verified using the Hardware‐in‐the loop (HIL) test for the DPC‐PDPI‐PWM, and dSPACE 1104 is used for this purpose. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the DPC‐PDPI‐PWM approach over DPC, as the harmonic distortion of the stream is minimized by 36.66%, 22.68%, and 33.33% in the three proposed tests. Also, the overshoot value of Ps was reduced compared to DPC by ratios estimated at 70.96%, 71.42%, and 70.31% in all tests. DPC‐PDPI‐PWM also reduces the steady‐state error of Qs compared to DPC by 68.33%, 58.82%, 67.90% in all tests performed. The experimental results confirm the numerical results, suggesting that the DPC‐PDPI‐PWM is a suitable solution in the field of command in the future.
Research on the Construction of Coal Powder Settling Final Velocity Model for Coalbed Methane Wells in Panhe Block
Authors: Zhang Zhou , Yu Wanying , Zhou Min , Wang Pengxiang , Zhang Jintao , Cao Yunxing , Xian Baoan , Wang Yibing , Zhang Fei
Published: December 2024

In response to the severe problem of coal powder production in the Panhe block coalbed methane wells in the southern Qinshui Basin, the characteristics of coal powder production in the study area were identified through sample testing, indoor experiments, and theoretical calculations. The settling velocity of coal powder with different mesh sizes was clarified, and a correction factor α was proposed for the experimental and theoretical results of settling velocity. The research results indicate that the coal powder concentration in the Panhe block ranges from 0.03 to 7.14 g/L, with an average of 1.26 g/L. The particle size of the coal powder produced was 4.10–237.64 μm, with an average of 35.82 μm. The settling velocity of coal powder particles with a mesh size of 40–400 is between 0.0041 and 0.029 m/s. The larger the particle size of coal powder particles, the higher the settling velocity of coal powder; the correction coefficient ranges from 2.3 to 13.67. A corrected settling velocity calculation model was obtained by fitting the coal powder particle size data to the correction coefficient. The research results provide a theoretical basis for developing production conditions, coal powder prevention, and control measures for coalbed methane wells in the Panhe area.
Oviductus Ranae Promotes Follicle Growth Through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro in Rat
Authors: Zhao Hongyu , Wang Yu , Sun Xueyuan , He Xingyao , Di Lin , Yang Zhen
Published: December 2024

The development status of follicles determines the menstrual cycle and estrogen levels, which is crucial to women's health. Oviductus Ranae is a natural product for both medicine and food, which has “estrogenic effect”. However, few studies have systematically elaborated its mechanism of action. Hence, we hypothesize the “estrogen‐like effects” of OR may stem from its positive influence on the growth and development of growing follicles in the ovaries. In this study, the effect of Oviductus Ranae (OR) on the growth and development of rat follicles and follicles cultured in vitro was investigated. The content of estrogen in rat serum and follicular culture medium in vitro was determined by radioimmunoassay, and the levels of PI3K‐Akt signal pathway and FSHR expression in rat ovary and cultured follicles were detected by RT‐PCR and Western Blot. The follicles at different developmental stages in rat ovaries were analyzed by H&E and TUNEL staining. Follicles cultured in a medium containing OR displayed a significant increase in diameter, and the E2 content in the medium was significantly increased. Moreover, Rats treated with OR showed significant increases in estradiol and progesterone levels. The number of antral follicles in the ovaries displayed a significant increase, while the percentage of atretic antral follicles and the total atretic follicles showed significant decreases. The relative expression levels of PI3K, Akt, and FSHR were significantly increased, while significantly decreased in that of PTEN In Vivo and In Vitro. OR may promote follicle growth through PI3K/ Akt pathway, exhibiting “estrogen‐like effects”.
Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic Potential of Betulin and Betulinic Acid: Mechanistic Insights From In Vitro, In Vivo and Clinical Studies
Authors: Nemli Elifsu , Saricaoglu Beyza , Kirkin Celale , Ozkan Gulay , Capanoglu Esra , Habtemariam Solomon , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Calina Daniela
Published: December 2024

Betulin is a bioactive compound found in large quantities in birch bark and has a triterpene pentacyclic structure. Through the oxidation of betulin, betulinic acid is obtained, which is found in large quantities in nature. Betulin and betulinic acid have multiple pharmacological properties such as antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This comprehensive review aims to deepen the knowledge of the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of betulin and betulinic acid by presenting in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies evaluating the anticancer mechanisms of betulin, betulinic acid, and their derivatives. The databases searched using specific MESh terms to conduct this review were PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, TRIP database, Wiley, and Scopus. The anticancer properties of betulin and betulinic acid have been reported in a variety of experimental pharmacological studies using different types of cancer cell lines. It has been indicated that induction of apoptosis is the primary anticancer activity of these compounds by selectively affecting cancer cells. As shown by various research, the apoptotic cell death by these compounds is mainly related to factors such as type of cancer and cancer cell line, tumor size, source of betulin/betulinic acid, dose, treatment time, and the type of the drug delivery system employed. Numerous preclinical pharmacological studies and clinical trials on the chemopreventive and antitumour effects of betulin, betulinic acid, and their derivatives have been published. Future translational pharmacological studies establishing the exact anticancer dose effective in humans are needed.
Photoinduced Energy Transfer via an Atropisomeric Molecular Bridge
Authors: Lotter Dominik , Huber Annika , Wellauer Joël , Wenger Oliver S. , Sparr Christof
Published: December 2024

Atropisomeric scaffolds offer the possibility to predictably position donor and acceptor groups in specific spatial relationships. Herein, a configurationally stable 1,2’‐binaphthyl linkage was employed to place a ruthenium(II) tris‐(2,2’‐bipyridine) complex in proximity to an anthracene moiety to explore how photoinduced triplet‐triplet energy transfer can proceed across this type of molecular bridge. An efficient synthesis provided the ruthenium(II)‐anthracene dyad with high yields, which allowed to determine characteristic features for the intramolecular energy transfer.
Hypogammaglobulinemia at Diagnosis is Associated With Inferior Survival and Higher Risk of Infections in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Lindberg Åsa , Johansson Åsa , Kahn Fredrik , Jönsson Göran , Jerkeman Mats
Published: December 2024

There are some evidences that hypogammaglobulinemia in newly diagnosed diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a predictor for inferior outcome, but the risk for infection‐related admissions specifically related to hypogammaglobulinemia is not known. The aim was to explore if hypogammaglobulinemia in untreated DLBCL in a Swedish cohort was associated with inferior outcome, and to assess the relationship between low immunoglobulin (Ig) levels and infections. Using data from the Swedish Lymphoma Register, we retrospectively identified patients above18 years diagnosed with DLBCL, receiving anthracycline‐based curative therapy during 2000–2015 in Southern Sweden with Ig‐levels tested at baseline. Data on Ig levels and infections were collected from medical records. Five hundred eighty‐five patients were included, median age was 69 years. Hypogammaglobulinemia was detected at baseline in 24%, the most common Ig deficiency was IgG (18%), followed by IgA (10%) and IgM (8%). Hypogammaglobulinemia was associated with inferior overall survival (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–1.8, p‐value 0.018), but not when adjusted for International Prognostic Index (IPI). Low levels of Ig were associated with more infections during lymphoma treatment (p‐value 0.013), also when adjusted for IPI (p‐value < 0.001). Among patients with IgG deficiency, 47% had ≥ 1 infections versus 35% in patients with normal IgG (HR 1.2, p = 0.025). In conclusion, hypogammaglobulinemia was a frequent finding in patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL, with clinical impact in terms of treatment complications and outcome.
Virtual Reality Versus Simulation in the Management of Trauma Based Scenarios—A Systematic Review
Authors: Ahmad Manal , Tran Mi‐Tra , Ahmad Basma , Kavallieros Konstantinos , Shalhoub Joseph , Davies Alun Huw
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Simulation allows trainees to practice skills safely. It is the current gold standard method of teaching. More recently, novel methods such as virtual reality and augmented reality are being explored as possible alternative methods.

Aims

To evaluate the current evidence pertaining to simulation and virtual reality as methods of teaching in teaching trauma management.

Methods

Medline and Embase (via Ovid interface) were used to search for articles up to April 2023. A combination of the following MeSH terms were employed in the primary search string ‐ “virtual reality,” “simulation,” “surgery,” “trauma,” and “medical education.”

Results

3815 studies were initially identified. After de‐duplication, 2648 articles were screened using Covidence. Forty articles underwent full text review. Thirteen studies were included in the final review with a pooled total of 489 participants. Significant heterogeneity exists in the range of participants, scenarios and parameters assessed. The overall self‐reported perception of VR as a teaching modality is positive and is well accepted however objective assessment and validation is needed.

Conclusion

VR can be useful for training and evaluation of trauma‐based scenarios. It is a useful adjunct but is unlikely to replace simulation at present. More robust and replicable studies with larger sample sizes are needed to evaluate the long‐term integration of virtual reality and augmented reality into the medical and surgical teaching curriculum.
The Effect of Job Skills and Job Burnout on Job Satisfaction Among Health Information Management Staff
Authors: Shojaei Baghini Mahdie , SepehryRad Dorsa , Miri Fatemeh , Asadi Fatemeh
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

The health information management department faces multiple challenges such as multiple tasks, high workload, role ambiguity and conflict, and work pressure. In addition, informatics and health information technology tools are continuously used in this sector. Based on studies, the use of information technology affects job burnout and job satisfaction. Since no similar study has been conducted in the health information management department, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between job skills, job burnout, and job satisfaction in health information management departments.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, the sample consisted of 201 personnel from the health information management department. A systematic random sampling method was used to select the participants. Data was gathered by using a questionnaire and visiting the selected hospitals in Kerman and Zahedan. For data analysis, SPSS 20 and SmartPLS 3 were used. PLS path models are fundamentally composed of the measurement and the structural model. To evaluate the measurement model, the formative measurement model tests were evaluated. Also, the hypotheses test, VIF, and CV‐Red tests were used to evaluate the structural model. Then, the evaluation of the quality and suitability of the model was evaluated with the model fit test.

Results

The results showed that positive and significant job skills were associated with job satisfaction and a negative and significant relationship with job burnout. Also, job burnout does not play an intermediary in this context. In addition, the CV‐RED values for all three variables were the moderate range. The SRMR value of 0.120, which is in the medium to high range, indicates an adequate fit of the model.

Conclusion

These findings provide useful information for decision‐makers and human resource managers in the health sector and suggest practical strategies for reducing job burnout and increasing job satisfaction among health information management staff.
Multidimensional Approach of Genotype and Phenotype in Stroke Etiology: The MAGPIE Study
Authors: Ranjan Redoy , Adhikary Dipannita , Barman Shanto , Islam Md. Shuktarul , Ken‐Dror Gie , Yusuf Md. Abdullah , Moureen Adneen , Hakim Maliha , Sharma Pankaj
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Bangladesh. It is estimated that genetic determinants account for around 40%–60% of its etiology, similar to environmental factors. This study aimed to provide a better understanding of the genetic, environmental, and clinical risk factors in stroke patients from Bangladesh.

Methods

The MAGPIE (Multidimensional Approach of Genotype and Phenotype In Stroke Etiology) study is a population‐based case‐control study that will allow a hypothesis‐free genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic risk factors associated with adult stroke (age ≥ 18 years) in Bangladesh. This study will collect detailed phenotypic data as well as blood samples from stroke patients and control subjects. High‐molecular‐weight genomic DNA will be isolated and archived using Qiagen DNA isolation kits.

Results

We will utilize SPSS v28.0, vR‐4.3.2 and gPLINK v2.0 software to analyse the study variables, as appropriate. Further, appropriate statistical tests will be applied to test the significance level between study groups. As applicable, data will be presented in tables and graphs, such as Manhattan plots and Quantile‐Quantile (QQ) plots. A p < 0.05 will be considered as statistical significance.

Conclusion

This will be the first large‐scale carefully phenotyped biobank of Bangladeshi stroke patients which will enable a GWAS enabling an understanding of the association between gene‐phenotype risk factors which has the potential to revise and refine national stroke guidelines.
Guillain‐Barré Syndrome in Africa: Understanding, Addressing, and Empowering
Authors: Kantawala Burhan , Uwishema Olivier , Minova Anamarija , Babuya Jonathan , Wodajo Essey Ketema , Asri Sucharu , Wojtara Magda
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Guillain‐Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a spectrum of peripheral neuropathies characterized by rapid symmetrical limb weakness and sensory symptoms. GBS can be life‐threatening and requires intensive care, particularly for patients with imminent respiratory failure. In Africa, limited research and high therapy costs pose challenges. This literature review aims to comprehensively address GBS in Africa to improve understanding and outcomes.

Aim

This literature review aims to provide an extensive overview of GBS in Africa, encompassing its clinical presentation, impact, management approaches, and challenges faced. It also highlights the need for increased research and awareness to enhance patient care and outcomes.

Methods

A comprehensive review of existing literature on GBS in Africa was conducted, focusing on clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and its impact on patients and communities. Data sources included medical databases, research articles, and reports. Data was scoured from databases such as PubMed, Medline and Embase. A total of four hundred and fifty‐five articles and case studies were screened, with broader topic margins into GBS and different triggers, demographics, statistics, and variations in treatments across the world. These articles were further screened to match our inclusion criteria which focused on articles published after 2000 and which gave clearer insights into the presentations and situation of GBS in the African continent.

Results

GBS in Africa is characterized by a range of clinical presentations, with limited diagnostic resources and healthcare infrastructure. Patients often face long intervals between symptom onset and hospitalization, impacting outcomes. The syndrome's impact extends beyond physical symptoms, affecting patients' quality of life, employment, and community roles. Management involves immunotherapy, physiotherapy, and psychosocial support, but high therapy costs and incomplete recovery pose challenges. Research in Africa has grown in recent years but remains limited compared to other regions. Efforts are needed to expand research capacity, introduce early screening programs, and improve healthcare infrastructure.

Conclusion

GBS presents a significant healthcare challenge in Africa, with the potential for severe clinical outcomes. This literature review underscores the importance of enhancing research, awareness, and healthcare infrastructure. African‐led research initiatives offer hope for improved patient outcomes and healthcare system strengthening. By advocating for increased government support and resources, Africa can address the pressing needs of GBS patients and foster a brighter and healthier future for affected individuals on the continent.
Quantitative Classification of Spring Discharge Patterns: A Cluster Analysis Approach
Authors: Seelig Magdalena , Seelig Simon , Vremec Matevž , Wagner Thomas , Brielmann Heike , Eybl Jutta , Winkler Gerfried
Published: December 2024

Springs provide critical water resources that are sensitive to changing climate and catchment processes. In many regions, understanding the temporal variability and spatial distribution of spring discharge is therefore crucial for sustainable water management. Knowledge of these discharge characteristics, organised in a coherent framework, is essential for protecting spring water and preventing shortages. To establish such a framework, we conducted a comparative analysis of long‐term discharge records from 96 springs across Austria. Based on discharge seasonality and autocorrelation, we derived a broad‐scale classification through cluster analysis and explored associations between individual clusters. The identified similarities in discharge patterns were grouped into four distinct spring categories, each demonstrating common behaviour. To determine the main factors influencing discharge across these four groups, we compared their spatial and temporal patterns with regional climate and catchment characteristics. They align with physical drivers of spring discharge, including precipitation frequency and intensity, snow cover duration, and dominant aquifer type. As these factors were not included in the classification procedure, their alignment supports the validity of our statistical approach. We conclude that the quantitative information derived from this analysis provides a valuable complement to traditional spring classification schemes, which are often based on qualitative knowledge. Our proposed strategy refines these classification approaches, enhances objectivity and reproducibility, and promotes conformity across hydrological disciplines.
Mother‐Infant Covariation of Positive and Negative Emotions Across the Day
Authors: Hibel Leah C. , Liu Siwei , Boyer Chase
Published: December 2024

In a sample of 110 Mexican‐origin infants (M = 7.24 months; SD = 2.06; range, 3.78–13.04 months; 58% male) we examined the bidirectional covariation of mother and infant positive and negative emotions across the day. Further, we examined maternal emotion regulation as a potential moderator of the linkage between mother‐infant emotions. Using an Ecological Momentary Assessment design, mothers reported their positive and negative emotions three times a day, for 6 days. Analyses employed a multi‐level modelling approach to examine moment‐to‐moment covariation. Results indicated both mother and infant negative emotions, and mother and infant positive emotions significantly covary. Interestingly, maternal emotion regulation did not moderate either the covariation of negative or positive mother‐infant emotion. These analyses represent one of the first examinations of daily covariation in mother‐infant dyadic emotion.