bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presumed Choroidal Granuloma Annulare Mimicking Choroidal Lymphoma
Authors: Dalvin Lauren A. , Maxfield Steven D. , Salomão Diva R. , Pulido Jose S.
Published: April 2019

A 71-year-old white male presented with unilateral trace vitreous cell and hypopigmented choroidal lesions, corresponding to hyporeflective areas on optical coherence tomography (OCT). The lesions grew slowly during a period of 2.5 years, but the patient remained asymptomatic. Cutaneous biopsy from the left forearm confirmed granuloma annulare. Given an otherwise unrevealing workup for infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic processes, the choroidal lesions were considered to be a manifestation of the same disease process. Treatment consisted of posterior sub-Tenon's triamcinolone. After 6 weeks, the lesions appeared atrophic on funduscopy with resolution on OCT. Examination remained stable with no growth or recurrence after 4 months.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:e128–e132.]
Seborrheic keratosis evolution into squamous cell carcinoma: A truly modified sun-related tumor? A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Cimpean Ioana , Theate Ivan , Vanhooteghem Olivier
Published: April 2019

The incidence of seborrheic keratosis (SK) generally increases with age and are mostly localized on the trunk, face and neck, especially on sun-exposed areas. The association between SK and skin malignancies appears to be accidental, but in situ transformation occurs more frequently in sun-exposed areas. Histopathological examination of all SK cases should be considered, especially when SK lesions exhibit atypical clinical manifestations, such as ulceration and cresting, as they may herald malignant transformation. In addition, other features associated with malignant transformation include excoriations or hemorrhages identified on the lesion, modification and evolution of the macroscopic characteristics, and the presence of local erythema or pruritus. Immunocompromised patients exhibit an increased risk of malignant transformation, even when radiation is involved.
State-of-the-art on monolingual lexicography for Sweden
Authors: Sköldberg Emma , Holmer Louise , Volodina Elena , Pilán Ildikó
Published: April 2019

The minireview describes the state-of-the-art of Swedish monolingual lexicography. The main actors in the field, both commercial and non-commercial, are mentioned alongside with the description of lexicographic products that have been offered by them to the lexicon users. The minireview makes it clear that there is an obvious tendency among the Swedish dictionary users to abandon paper-based dictionaries and switch over to online portals and apps, which influences the practices adopted by commercial publishing houses, such as Norstedts, Bonniers, Natur & Kultur. Among the leading non-commercial players, the Swedish Academy, the Swedish Language Bank, Institute for Language and Folklore are named. Swedish monolingual lexicography offers, however, dictionaries produced not only by experts but also by non-experts (i.e. using the efforts of the crowd).
State-of-the-art on monolingual lexicography for Norway (Bokmål and Nynorsk)
Authors: Grønvik Oddrun , Berg-Olsen Sturla , Hovdenak Marit , Karlsen Knut E.
Published: April 2019

Monolingual lexicography for Norwegian started some decades after political independence from Denmark in 1814. Since 1885 two written standards have been recognized, one based on Danish as spoken in Norway (today Bokmål), and one based on the Norwegian vernacular (Nynorsk). Both are fully described in major scholarly dictionaries, now completed and freely available on the web. Both receive some public funding, with a view to further development. Because of frequent orthographic revisions, at first aimed at bringing the written standards closer to each other, spellers dominated the market through most of the 20th century. Today linguistic stability is aimed for, incorporating only such changes in the written standards as are supported by general usage. The first general monolingual defining dictionaries Bokmålsordboka and Nynorskordboka, covering the central vocabulary of each written standard, were first published as parallel volumes in 1986, and are now undergoing revision at the University of Bergen in cooperation with the Language Council of Norway. These dictionaries are now stored in databases, are available on the web and as a free smartphone app. Public funding of monolingual mother tongue lexicography is seen as an investment in essential linguistic infrastructure, as is bilingual lexicography between the Nordic languages and Norwegian, while other bilingual lexicography is dealt with by private publishers.
Inter-Ethnic Marriage as an Ingredient for Coexistence in a multicultural Society: Elechi Amadi’s Woman of Calabar as a Paradigm
Authors: Nwafor Friday
Published: April 2019

Nigeria is made up of over 250 ethnic nationalities and each of these groups is further divided into smaller sub-groups. Mistrust, greed and envy amongst others are responsible for the aggression, hatred and bitterness that have characterized her day to day experiences. This paper is motivated by the need to interrogate the ingredients that have sustained the continued coexistence of the different ethnic nationalities in spite of her multicultural nature. Adopting the integral humanism theoretical framework, this paper identified intermarriage as a major factor that has contributed to the continued search for unification instead of separation in the face of religious and cultural differences as exemplified in Elechi Amadi’s Woman of Calabar. The analytic approach and the qualitative research methodology were adopted in this paper.
Perceptions of opioid misuse and chronic pain: A qualitative assessment of Rhode Island commercial fishing captains
Authors: Brown, BS Travis , George, MD, MHPE Paul
Published: April 2019

Objectives: To better understand how the contextual circumstances and lifestyle of commercial fishermen influence their access to healthcare and potentially contribute to the use and misuse of opioids.Methods: The authors conducted in-person, semistructured interviews with 15 full-time fishing captains in Rhode Island between the months of May and July of 2017.Results: The authors identified five major themes: Recurrent patterns of addiction and opiate use among crewmembers; chronic pain and injury as common constructs of life in the fishing industry; insufficient pain management resources; practical barriers to obtaining primary healthcare; and perceived lack of support from state government.Conclusions: Rhode Island commercial fishing captains perceived opioid misuse among crewmembers, work-related chronic pain, and inadequate healthcare access as barriers to sustainability of their industry.
Low-dose versus high-dose methadone for the management of neonatal abstinence syndrome
Authors: Miller, PharmD, BCPS, BCPPS, FPPAG Jamie L. , Ernst, MD, MSMI, FAAP Kimberly , Neely, MPH Stephen B. , Stephens, BS Katy , Barker Philip , Skrepnek, PhD, RPh Grant H. , Johnson, PharmD, BCPS, BCPPS, FPPAG, FCCM Peter N.
Published: April 2019

Objectives: The primary objective was to compare median time to symptom relief (time from methadone initiation until two consecutive modified Finnegan [neonatal abstinence syndrome, NAS] scores < 8) between neonates receiving low-dose (≤0.275 mg/kg/day) versus high-dose (>0.275 mg/kg/day) methadone. Secondary objectives included assessment of factors associated with symptom relief. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.Setting: Ninety-nine bed neonatal intensive care unit within a tertiary-care academic hospital.Participants: Seventy-two neonates who received methadone for NAS over a 7.5-year period.Main outcome measures(s): Kaplan-Meier curves with a log-rank test and a stepwise Cox proportional-hazard model were used to analyze outcomes. Results: The median dose for the low-dose (n = 40) and high-dose (n = 32) groups were 0.19 mg/kg/day (interquartile range [IQR], 0.12-0.24) divided every 6-12 hours and 0.4 mg/kg/day (0.3-0.44) divided every 6-8 hours, respectively. The median time to symptom relief was higher in the low-dose versus high-dose groups, 9.3 (5.8-24.6) versus 6.0 (5.4-12.5) hours, respectively (p = 0.014). Low-dose males had a longer time to symptom resolution than other groups (p = 0.008). Female premature neonates (<37 weeks gestation) had a shorter time to symptom relief than term neonates [adjusted hazard ratio = 2.96 (1.02-8.62)]. The median total duration of methadone was shorter but not statistically significant between high- versus low-dose groups, 17.5 (IQR: 11.0-25.0) versus 21.0 days (IQR: 10.0-28.0), respectively (p = 0.483).Conclusions: Neonates receiving high-dose methadone had a significantly shorter time to symptom relief. Differences in sex were noted in response to therapy with low-dose males having a longer time to symptom relief and premature neonates a shorter time to symptom relief.
Postlaparotomy pain management: Comparison of patient-controlled analgesia pump alone, with subcutaneous bupivacaine infusion, or with injection of liposomal bupivacaine suspension
Authors: Yalmanchili, MD Harish M. , Buchanan, MD Stephanie N. , Chambers, MD, FACS Lowell W. , Thorns, MD Jantzen D. , McKenzie, MD Nicholas A. , Reiss, MD Alisha D. , Page, MD Maurice P. , Dizon, DO, FACOS Victor V. , Brooks, RN, BSN Sheila E. , Shaffer, PhD Lynn E. , Lovald, PhD Scott T. , Hartranft, MD, FACS Thomas H. , Price, MD, FACS Phillip D.
Published: April 2019

Objective: Efforts to achieve balance between effective pain management and opioid-related adverse events (ORAEs) have led to multimodal analgesia regimens. This study compared opioids delivered via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) plus liposomal bupivacaine, a long-acting local anesthetic with potential to be an effective component of such regimens, to opioids delivered through PCA alone or PCA plus subcutaneous bupivacaine infusion (ONQ), following laparotomy.Design: Prospective, randomized controlled trial.Setting: Single, tertiary-care institution.Patients: One hundred patients undergoing nonemergent laparotomy.Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to one of three study treatments: PCA only (PCAO), PCA with ONQ, or PCA with injectable liposomal bupivacaine suspension (EXP).Main Outcome Measures: Cumulative opioid use, daily mean patient-reported pain scores, and ORAEs through 72 hours postoperatively.Results: On average, the EXP (n = 31) group exhibited less than 50 percent of the total opioid consumption of the PCAO (n = 36) group, and less than 60 percent of that for the ONQ (n = 33) group. Postoperative days 1 and 3 pain scores were significantly lower for the EXP group as compared to the ONQ and PCAO groups (p ≤ 0.005). Fewer patients in the EXP group (19.4 percent) experienced ORAEs compared to the PCAO (41.1 percent) and ONQ (45.5 percent) groups (p = 0.002).Conclusions: Laparotomy patients treated with liposomal bupivacaine as part of a multimodal regimen consumed less opioids, had lower pain scores, and had fewer ORAEs. The role of liposomal bupivacaine in the postoperative care of laparotomy patients merits further study.
CAN AN INEXPENSIVE PHONE APP COMPARE TO OTHER METHODS WHEN IT COMES TO 3D DIGITIZATION OF SHIP MODELS
Authors: Lewis M. , Oswald C.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. This study compares the differences between traditional 3D modeling software such as ‘Agisoft Metashape’ and the recently released smartphone application ‘Qlone’. Specifically, this study examines how well each software handles creating 3D renderings of ship models. Comparisons between quality, complexity handling, time, cost, and equipment requirements will be examined to better understand each program's strengths and weaknesses. Ultimately, Agisoft Metashape will demonstrate that it is still the preferred method for most professional and academic use for its high precision accuracy. While Qlone may be a reasonable choice for the average hobbyist or enthusiast due to its availability and relatively low cost.
THE SUBMERGED HERITAGE: A VIRTUAL JOURNEY IN OUR SEABED
Authors: Barrile V. , Fotia A. , Bernardo E.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. On 21 and 22 August 1972, a young diver near the coast of Riace Marina (South Italy) found two bronze statues representing one of the highest moments of the sculptural production and the most important archaeological discovery of the last century: the Riace Bronzes. The Geomatics Laboratory of the Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria sets a goal to relive and re-propose the experience of a real immersion and the exciting moment of the discovery: an immersive journey in the interest of interactivity in virtual reality. Immersive Virtual Reality tries to combine the real and the virtual world, even involving our senses. In other words, it allows us to enter into the scenery like the virtual reality one, but without being just simple spectators. We become protagonists and we can participate and decide what to do and how to do it. Unity 3D is the multi-platform development environment used. The scenarios and the objects included in the scene from three-dimensional models were realized through photogrammetric techniques (seabed and bronzes). Remote Operated Vehicles (ROVs) have been widely used in recent times by researchers to explore underwater environments, both in shallow and deep water, for different types of studies. The seabed was detected through the aid of an experimental ROV (realized in a broader project of agreement with the IPCF CNR Messina). The use of a grid of known dimensions assisted the ROV’s use in order to correct the effects of distortion effects obtained in water. The proposed app is still being perfected and completed.
ITERATIVE REFINEMENT FOR UNDERWATER 3D RECONSTRUCTION: APPLICATION TO DISPOSED UNDERWATER MUNITIONS IN THE BALTIC SEA
Authors: Song Y. , Köser K. , Kwasnitschka T. , Koch R.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. With the rapid development and availability of underwater imaging technologies, underwater visual recording is widely used for a variety of tasks. However, quantitative imaging and photogrammetry in the underwater case has a lot of challenges (strong geometry distortion and radiometry issues) that limit the traditional photogrammetric workflow in underwater applications. This paper presents an iterative refinement approach to cope with refraction induced distortion while building on top of a standard photogrammetry pipeline. The approach uses approximate geometry to compensate for water refraction effects in images and then brings the new images into the next iteration of 3D reconstruction until the update of resulting depth maps becomes neglectable. Afterwards, the corrected depth map can also be used to compensate the attenuation effect in order to get a more realistic color for the 3D model. To verify the geometry improvement of the proposed approach, a set of images with air-water refraction effect were rendered from a ground truth model and the iterative refinement approach was applied to improve the 3D reconstruction. At the end, this paper also shows its application results for 3D reconstruction of a dump site for underwater munition in the Baltic Sea for which a visual monitoring approach is desired.
3D UNDERWATER MINE MODELLING IN THE ¡VAMOS! PROJECT
Authors: Bleier M. , Almeida C. , Ferreira A. , Pereira R. , Matias B. , Almeida J. , Pidgeon J. , van der Lucht J. , Schilling K. , Martins A. , Silva E. , Nüchter A.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The project Viable Alternative Mine Operating System (¡VAMOS!) develops a novel underwater mining technique for extracting inland mineral deposits in flooded open-cut mines. From a floating launch and recovery vessel a remotely-operated underwater mining vehicle with a roadheader cutting machine is deployed. The cut material is transported to the surface via a flexible riser hose. Since there is no direct intervisibility between the operator and the mining machine, the data of the sensor systems can only be perceived via a computer interface. Therefore, part of the efforts in the project focus on enhancing the situational awareness of the operator by providing a 3D model of the mine combined with representations of the mining equipment and sensor data. We present a method how a positioning and navigation system, perception system and mapping system can be used to create a replica of the physical system and mine environment in Virtual Reality (VR) in order to assist remote control. This approach is beneficial because it allows visualizing different sensor information and data in a consistent interface, and enables showing the complete context of the mining site even if only part of the mine is currently observed by surveying equipment. We demonstrate how the system is used during tele-operation and show results achieved during the field trials of the complete system in Silvermines, Ireland.
Impedance model for a high-temperature ceramic humidity sensor
Authors: Lensch Henrik , Bastuck Manuel , Baur Tobias , Schütze Andreas , Sauerwald Tilman
Published: April 2019

Abstract. We present an equivalent circuit model for a titanium dioxide-based humidity sensor which enables discrimination of three separate contributions to the sensor impedance. The first contribution, the electronic conductance, consists of a temperature-dependent ohmic resistance. The second contribution arises from the ionic pathway, which forms depending on the relative humidity on the sensor surface. It is modeled by a constant-phase element (CPE) in parallel with an ohmic resistance. The third contribution is the capacitance of the double layer which forms at the blocking electrodes and is modeled by a second CPE in series to the first CPE. This model was fitted to experimental data between 1 mHz and 1 MHz recorded at different sensor temperatures (between room temperature and 320 ∘C) and different humidity levels. The electronic conductance becomes negligible at low sensor temperatures, whereas the double-layer capacitance becomes negligible at high sensor temperatures in the investigated frequency range. Both the contribution from the ionic pathway and from the double-layer capacitance strongly depend on the relative humidity and are, therefore, suitable sensor signals. The findings define the parameters for the development of a dedicated Fourier-based impedance spectroscope with much faster acquisition times, paving a way for impedance-based high-temperature humidity sensor systems.
Damage induced by the 25 April 2015 Nepal earthquake in the Tibetan border region of China and increased post-seismic hazards
Authors: Wu Zhonghai , Barosh Patrick J. , Ha Guanghao , Yao Xin , Xu Yongqiang , Liu Jie
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The seismic effects in Nyalam, Gyirong, Tingri and
Dinggye counties along the southern border of Tibet were investigated during
2–8 May 2015, a week after the great Nepal earthquake along the Main
Himalaya Thrust. The intensity was VIII in the region and reached IX at two
towns on the Nepal border, resulting in the destruction of 2700 buildings,
seriously damaging over 40 000 others, while killing 27 people and injuring
856 in this sparsely populated region. The main geologic effects in this
steep rugged region are collapses, landslides, rockfalls, and ground
fissures, many of which are reactivations of older land slips. These did
great damage to the buildings, roads, and bridges in the region. Most of the
effects are along four incised valleys which are controlled by N-trending
rifts and contain rivers that pass through the Himalaya Mountains and flow
into Nepal; at least two of the larger aftershocks occurred along the normal
faults. And, the damage is not related to the faulting of N-trending rifts
but rather is distributed along the intensity of Nepal earthquake. Areas weakened by
the earthquake pose post-seismic hazards. Another main characteristic of
damage is the recurrence of the old landslide and rockfalls. In addition,
there is an increased seismic hazard along active N-trending grabens in
southern Tibet due to the shift in stress resulting from the thrust movement
that caused the Nepal earthquake. NW-trending right-lateral strike-slip
faults also may be susceptible to movement. The results of the findings are
incorporated in some principle recommendations for the repair and
reconstruction after the earthquake.
The Effect of Social Media Following on Recruitment in Service Industries of Pakistan
Authors: Aqeel Samawiya , Siddiqui Danish Ahmed
Published: April 2019

Social technologies are progressively utilized in a few hierarchical capacities, as well as human resource management. The focal point of this research is by social media based reception in recruitment of employees in service industries in Pakistan. More specifically, the focal point of this study is the Use and Acceptance of Technology which is through social media by HR experts in the recruitment procedure and selecting representatives. Results acquired utilizing cross-sectional information gathered from 80 enrollment specialists through close ended Likert scale questionnaire. It was later analyzed using Descriptive analysis, CFA and Structured Equation Modeling. The results demonstrated that the center theories of the Acceptance and Use of Technology in recruitment through social media by HR experts were upheld. There was a positive effect of performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social impact on recruiter’s intention to use these technologies recruitment. Moreover, facilitating or encouraging conditions and social goal impactful affect the enrollment (Recruitment) specialist's usage behavior or conduct. There is an impulse effect of different moderators like gender, age, education, and managerial position such as the effect is robust for male, younger and high positioned recruiters while most of the experienced recruiters still emphasize on traditional approaches but beside all these social media seem to have an important impact in the process of recruitment.
Relationship Between Job Satisfaction And Turnover Intention
Authors: Alam Aliya , Asim Muhammad
Published: April 2019

This study examines the level of job satisfaction and turnover intention among nurses in Karachi. The objectives of this study is to examine the impact and relationship of satisfaction with organizational policies and strategies, satisfaction with supervision, compensation levels, task clarity, and career development on turnover intention. An instrument based on five facets of job satisfaction and turnover intention was developed based on literature reviews to find out the level of job satisfaction and turnover intention. For this purpose data were collected from 400 nurses working in different hospitals of Karachi. The findings shows that satisfaction with organizational policies and strategies, satisfaction with supervision, compensation levels, task clarity, and career development all have significant negative correlation with turnover intention and overall job satisfaction was found to have a significant negative association with turnover intention.
The Future of Nigeria’s National Youth Service Corps Programme: Any Hope for National Integration?
Authors: Oluwalogbon Leke Abraham
Published: April 2019

The National Youth Service Corps was established under Decree 24 of 1973 to foster national unity. It was one of the post-civil war strategies of reconciling the warring groups and building a united Nigeria. At its inception, the programme was generally well received, however as time progressed, some destabilizing factors began to dim the hope of its continuity. This study therefore aims at investigating to what extent the National Youth Service Corps programme will remain a viable instrument of national integration in the coming years. Using the quantitative research orientation, 400 copies of a questionnaire were administered among current participants, former participants, prospective participants as well as non-participants across four (4) Local Government Areas in Lagos and Ogun States. A total of 345 completed questionnaires were returned, giving a rate of return of 86.25%. The analysis of the data was essentially by descriptive statistical methods including, frequency tables and simple percentile. The result suggests that the National Youth Service Corp programme is currently being threatened by the twin challenges of insecurity and youth unemployment. 49.4% of respondents opined that they influenced their postings due to security issues, while 29.3% influenced theirs based on job placement. 63.7% confirmed that there will no need of influencing their postings if the challenges of security and unemployment were resolved. The study therefore recommends that government at all levels do the needful to mitigate these challenges, if the dream of a united Nigeria will be realized.
Poverty Labs- From ‘Alleviation’ to ‘Elimination and then Prevention’
Authors: Buheji Mohamed
Published: April 2019

Any poverty elimination model should have both long-term and short-term concern that focus on altering the current socio-economic system that is causing poverty while focusing on increasing the production capacity of the poverty community targeted.In this paper, we shall assess the effectiveness of the known poverty labs models, i.e. the operational significance, in relevance to poverty alleviation and then elimination, in comparison to the unstructured approach of the poverty-focused inspiration economy labs. Then, a framework for poverty elimination stages and steps is recommended. The paper recommends future development to the United Nations, first sustainable development goal (SDG).
Finance transformation for healthcare: A structured model for planning and action
Authors: Tan Harold , Juan Lim Yee
Published: April 2019

With rising healthcare costs, payers are transforming the way they pay healthcare providers. Currently, there is much interest in value-based financing and accountable care models. However, finance transformation in healthcare goes beyond changing funding models. The way funds flow to providers and how patients share healthcare costs also need to be transformed to ensure an overall sustainable value-based financing system. A structured model of finance transformation in healthcare is proposed in this article supported by evidential review, which discusses several fundamental and critical factors affecting finance transformation and explores some strategies that could help sustain the new financing models. Hopefully, this model can serve as a useful guide to healthcare systems embarking on finance transformation for long term cost sustainability.
Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries: Evidence-based Treatment
Authors: Frank Rachel M. , Cotter Eric J. , Leroux Timothy S. , Romeo Anthony A.
Published: April 2019

Injuries to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint are common in the athletic patient population. Most AC joint injuries occur in young males, typically from a direct fall onto the superior aspect of the shoulder when the arm is adducted. Numerous publications describing joint anatomy and biomechanics, surgical techniques for reconstruction, and rehabilitation protocols are available to guide treatment strategies for injuries to the AC joint. Treatment is typically nonsurgical for type I and II injuries and surgical for type IV and VI injuries. Controversy surrounds the indications for nonsurgical versus surgical treatment of type III and V injuries. Multiple surgical techniques have been described, including coracoclavicular (CC) screw fixation, coracoacromial ligament transfer, and numerous methods of CC ligament reconstruction. Anatomic CC ligament reconstruction can be performed either open or arthroscopically, with and without graft augmentation. This article will discuss clinically relevant anatomy and biomechanical properties of the AC joint and will review decision-making principles and treatment options for common AC joint injuries. An updated summary of clinical outcomes after AC joint treatment will also be presented.
Management of Pediatric Tibial Shaft Fractures
Authors: Hogue Grant D. , Wilkins Kaye E. , Kim Isaac S.
Published: April 2019

Diaphyseal tibia fractures in the pediatric population have dynamic treatment strategies that depend on injury pattern, mechanism, patient skeletal maturity and size. Treatment strategies include closed reduction and cast immobilization, flexible nails, uniplanar or multiplanar external fixation or plate osteosynthesis. Accepted parameters for sagittal and coronal alignment vary based on age and potential for remodeling, although all fractures should have minimal rotational malalignment and less than 1 cm of shortening. Stable union generally occurs in 3 to 4 weeks for the common toddler's fracture and 6 to 8 weeks in other fracture patterns. Complications such as compartment syndrome are possible with both open and closed injuries, and nonunions, although rare, are more common in patients treated with external fixation or flexible nailing. Overall, treatment should be predicated on a full evaluation of the patient, fracture, local soft tissues, and any concomitant injuries.
Evaluation of the Painful Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Flierl Michael A. , Sobh Ali H. , Culp Brian M. , Baker Erin A. , Sporer Scott M.
Published: April 2019

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been associated with notable improvements in health-related quality of life of patients with end-stage knee arthritis. Although most patients experience substantial symptomatic relief after TKA, up to 19% of patients are unsatisfied with their outcome. With the dramatic, projected increase in the number of TKAs performed annually, it is crucial to appreciate the various modes of failure associated with this procedure. A comprehensive understanding of the symptomatology and thorough clinical examination aid in identifying the etiology of ongoing knee pain. Ancillary testing including conventional laboratory analyses, imaging studies, and diagnostic injections supplement a thorough history and physical examination. In addition, novel laboratory markers, RNA/DNA-based tests, and novel imaging modalities are emerging as beneficial tools in evaluating patients with a painful TKA. A well-structured, algorithmic approach in the management of these patients is essential in correctly diagnosing the patient and optimizing clinical outcomes.
Rationale for Biologic Augmentation of Rotator Cuff Repairs
Authors: Mirzayan Raffy , Weber Alexander E. , Petrigliano Frank A. , Chahla Jorge
Published: April 2019

The structural integrity of rotator cuff repair (RCR) has been a primary focus for shoulder surgeons seeking long-term clinical and functional success. Improvements in surgical techniques have allowed for superior initial biomechanical fixation. However, tendon healing remains a significant clinical problem even after rigid time-zero repair. The lack of long-term healing has led to increased interest in biologic augmentation to improve tendon-to-bone healing. This interest has led to a rise in the investigation of small molecular therapies, cell-based strategies, and tissue-derived treatments offering surgeons a new therapeutic toolbox for potentially improving RCR long-term outcomes. However, the delivery, efficacy, and safety of these treatments remain under investigation. Additional well-designed, high-level studies are of paramount importance in creating evidence-based guidelines for the implementation of new biologic solutions. This review article discusses the current preclinical, translational, and clinical experience with and rationale for biologic augmentation in RCR.
A Performance Improvement Project in Antibiotic Administration for Open Fractures
Authors: Siebler Justin , Ogden Benjamin , Deans Christopher , McCarthy Michaela , Lyden Elizabeth , Hewlett Angela , Mormino Matthew
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

To evaluate the effects of a trauma performance improvement project involving standardized protocols for the administration of antibiotics in open fractures at a level one trauma center. This study specifically evaluated the protocol's efficacy for improving the timing of delivery and appropriate therapy administration and sought to identify factors that lead to the delay in antibiotic delivery.

Methods:

Retrospective comparative cohort study comparing patients with open fractures treated at our hospital between January 2013 and September 2015 (group 1) and between April 2016 and June 2017 (group 2). Group 1 was treated before implementation of the performance improvement project and group 2 was treated after implementation.

Results:

Group 1 consisted of 79 patients and group 2 consisted of 80 patients with open fractures. Each group was statistically similar in patient and injury factors. Group 1 received antibiotics at an average of 97 minutes after arrival to our hospital while group 2 patients received them at an average of 46 minutes (P< 0.0001). Average time from admission to initial evaluation improved from 10 to 3 minutes (P< 0.0001). Average time from evaluation to antibiotic order placement improved from 77 to 26 minutes (P< 0.0001). Average time from order entry to antibiotic administration showed no significant difference (12 versus 15 minutes,P= 0.25). Thirty-four percent (27/79) of group 1 patients and 84% (67/80) of group 2 patients received antibiotics within 1 hour of admission (P< 0.0001), while 91% and 99% received antibiotics within 3 hours, respectively (P= 0.03).

Discussion:

The described multifaceted performance improvement protocol was highly effective for producing a more coordinated, efficient, and timely process for administration of antibiotics to patients with open fractures at our hospital. This protocol may be adopted and implemented at other facilities.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic level III
Teaching English Idioms to Chinese EFL Learners: A Cognitive Linguistic Perspective
Authors: Guo Yi
Published: April 2019

Learning idioms has always been difficult for L2 learners of English. Drawing on a cognitive linguistic perspective of idiom learning, this paper reports on an empirical study that investigated the effects of incorporating the knowledge of conceptual metaphor and metonymy in L2 classroom instruction of English idioms. The study confirmed the efficacy of applying the conceptual metaphor- and metonymy-based ways of teaching to Chinese college-level EFL learners. It further revealed the different degrees of teaching effect towards different types of metaphoric idioms. While no significant progress was made in learning orientationally and ontologically metaphoric idioms, students benefited more from the conceptual metaphor-based method in learning structurally metaphoric idioms. These findings serve to enrich L2 idiom pedagogy and provide EFL learners with strategies other than “rote memorization” in the process of idiom learning.
An Essential Analogy Between Coherent Previsions of Random Gains and Well-Behaved Preferences
Authors: Pierpaolo Angelini , De Sanctis Angela
Published: April 2019

We deal with a unified approach to an integrated and simplified formulation of the decision-making theory in its two subjective components, probability and utility. We show a choice model based on an application of fundamental microeconomic principles to the two-dimensional convex set of all coherent previsions of two random gains. Such a model is well-founded because we find out an analogy between properties of well-behaved preferences and the ones of coherent previsions of random gains. Coherence properties of the notion of price or prevision of a random gain are based on economic criteria of the decision-making theory. In particular, additivity property of price tells us that our decision-maker is not risk-averse but he is risk-neutral. Therefore, the certain gain equivalent to a random gain coincides with a coherent price of this random gain.
Precyzyjne bomby szybujące występujące w uzbrojeniu oraz kierunki ich rozwoju
Authors: Elert Szymon , Sokołowski Dariusz
Published: April 2019

W artykule przedstawiono przegląd stosowanych rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych bomb szybujących. Bardziej szczegółowo potraktowano rodzaje bomb, które są lub były intensywnie użytkowane przez siły powietrzne, w tym były wykorzystywane w konfliktach zbrojnych. Uwzględniono także dostępne autorom modele i prototypy bomb przewidziane do wprowadzenia do uzbrojenia w najbliższych latach. Uzyskane w trakcie opracowania publikacji zbiory danych pozwoliły m.in. określić aktualną strategię oraz priorytety walki z przeciwnikiem. Przedstawiono propozycję nowoczesne-go sposobu wykorzystania bomby szybującej do efektywnego (także pod względem ekonomicznym) ataku na przewidywanym polu wal-ki. Przedstawione rozwiązanie pokazuje ciągłe powstawanie nowego typu uzbrojenia gwarantując przy tym niski koszt, wysoką skuteczność oraz jak najmniejsze ryzyko dla obsługującego system personelu
Sibling Bald Sea Urchin Disease affecting the edible Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Grech Daniele , Guala Ivan , Farina Simone
Published: April 2019

Different species of echinoids and bivalves are suffering infectious diseases as the effect of ocean warming. In Sardinia (Western Mediterranean Sea) the keystone sea urchin species Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck 1816) is widely appreciated as edible resource. Recently, a number of individuals were found to be infected by a no specified bacterial morphologically matching to a “bald sea urchin disease” (Fig. 1). In February 2019, a sampling campaign took place in two locations in the West and East Coast, inside and in proximity of local Marine Protected Areas. Field samplings were approved by the Regione Autonoma Sardegna (Fishing License for scientific purposes n.310/AP SCIE/N.1 10/01/2019). Samplings were carried out at the end of February 2019, when water temperature was 13°C. For each sampled site we performed two replicates of fast 50 m belt transects to estimate the infection rate as the total individuals infected on the total counted. The estimated infection rate was around 5% in both of sampled locations. A higher level of preyed sea urchins was observed, compared to natural predatory level previously observed in all the surveyed sites. Moreover, an unusual amount of dead sea urchins has been observed stranded on the storm berm, neighbouring one of the sampled sites. Microbiological analysis puts in evidence bacterial infection as the potential causal agent that could be temperature-related. Previous mass mortalities of sea urchins due to this infection were reported in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea in the past, where populations of shallow waters sharply declined until 75% during the summer period. A number of papers argued global warming might be linked to the occurrence of catastrophic events in the Mediterranean Sea, which could alter the host/pathogen range and modify pathogen transmission rates. Thus, the spread of the infection could cause important consequences at genetic, population, community and ecosystem level. In the study area, it seems already evident how predatory pressure on populations sampled was increased probably due to the lowering of the natural defences of the sea urchin preys as consequence of the infection. Accordingly, the outbreak of this infection probably related with environmental changes could determine important effects on trophic interactions and generating unpredictable cascading effects. In this area, an increasing of the sea urchin disease and related mortality is expected in the next months with the temperature increasing. A long-term monitoring across the summer season will be crucial to understand the extent and magnitude of the phenomenon as its implications.
Environment regime influence on Chlorophyll-a abundance and distribution in North Indian Ocean
Authors: Elepathage Thushani Suleka Madhubha , Tang Danling
Published: April 2019

North Indian Ocean region around India and Sri Lanka is a complex and rich coastal ecosystem undergoing various seasonal and inter-annual changes and various pressures. Hence the objective of this study was to assess the scales of coupling between chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a) and the influencing variables and explore the nature of the spatiotemporal variability of them. The seasonal and annual variations of chl-a along the Bay of Bengal (BoB), Arabian sea (AS) and ocean region around Sri Lanka in relation to the physical and chemical oceanographic variables were analyzed using satellite observations covering the period of 2002-2018. The effects of diffuse attenuation coefficient, photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), sea surface temperature (SST), Wind speed, Eastward wind component, Nitrate, Black carbon column mass density, Sea Salt Surface Mass Concentration, Open water net downward longwave flux, Surface emissivity were considered on a monthly time scale. Wavelet analysis and the Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) were used as the main analysis and modeling methods. The peaks of chl-a, diffuse attenuation coefficient, and nitrate were observed in September. In wind speed and eastward wind it was July and in black carbon column mass density, and PAR in March. In Sea Salt Surface Mass Concentration, Open water net downward longwave flux, Surface emissivity, Diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance, and SST mean maximums were found in June, February, November, September, April respectively. In BRT model the estimated cross validation (cv) deviance, standard error (se), training data correlation, cv correlation, and D2 were 0.003, 0.002, 0.932, 0.949, and 0.846 respectively. According to the results, diffuse attenuation coefficient (90%), eastward wind component (3.7%) and nitrate (3%) were the most positively correlated variables with Chl-a occurrence. SST evidenced an inverse relationship with Chl-a. According to the model built <42 Einsteinm-2day-1 PAR, <0.986 surface emissivity, <70 Wm-2 open water net downward long wave flux, 28.2 -28.5 0C SST , 2 ms-1 Wind speed, 5 ms-1 - 6 ms-1 eastward wind, 4.8 x10-8 -7x10-8 kgm-3 sea salt surface mass concentration, and 0.1-0.5micromoleL-1 nitrate are favourable for the optimum level of phytoplankton occurrence. Since BRT deals robustly with non-linear relationships of the environmental variables it can be used in further studies of ecological modeling.
Evaluating named entity recognition tools for extracting social networks from novels
Authors: Dekker Niels , Kuhn Tobias , van Erp Marieke
Published: April 2019

The analysis of literary works has experienced a surge in computer-assisted processing. To obtain insights into the community structures and social interactions portrayed in novels, the creation of social networks from novels has gained popularity. Many methods rely on identifying named entities and relations for the construction of these networks, but many of these tools are not specifically created for the literary domain. Furthermore, many of the studies on information extraction from literature typically focus on 19th and early 20th century source material. Because of this, it is unclear if these techniques are as suitable to modern-day literature as they are to those older novels. We present a study in which we evaluate natural language processing tools for the automatic extraction of social networks from novels as well as their network structure. We find that there are no significant differences between old and modern novels but that both are subject to a large amount of variance. Furthermore, we identify several issues that complicate named entity recognition in our set of novels and we present methods to remedy these. We see this work as a step in creating more culturally-aware AI systems.
Bioeffects of Prunus spinosa L. fruit ethanol extract on reproduction and phenotypic plasticity of Trichoplax adhaerens Schulze, 1883 (Placozoa)
Authors: Albertini Maria Cristina , Fraternale Daniele , Semprucci Federica , Cecchini Silvio , Colomba Mariastella , Rocchi Marco B.L. , Sisti Davide , Di Giacomo Barbara , Mari Michele , Sabatini Luigia , Cesaroni Lucia , Balsamo Maria , Guidi Loretta
Published: April 2019

The aim of this work was to test and analyse the bioeffects of Prunus spinosa L. (Rosacaee) fruit ethanol extract on Trichoplax adhaerens Schulze, 1883 (Placozoa) laboratory cultures which—for the first time—were employed as in vivo biological model to assess the bioactivity of a natural extract. The ethanol extract of P. spinosa was administrated during a 46 day experimental period; ultrastructural (by optical, confocal, TEM and SEM microscopy) and morphometric analyses indicated that treated Trichoplax adhaerens showed significant differences in viability, reproductive modalities, body shape and colour with respect to the control group. Finally, P. spinosa bioactive compounds seem to exert profound protective effects on T. adhaerens reproduction and phenotype. Our results may support additional investigations related to other bioactive compounds properties useful for nutraceutical preparations to be used as food supplements.
A Family of High Order One-Block Methods for the Solution of Stiff Initial Value Problems
Authors: Ajie I. J. , Utalor K. , Onumanyi P.
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we construct a family of high order self-starting one-block numerical methods for the solution of stiff initial value problems (IVP) in ordinary differential equations (ODE). The Reversed Adams Moulton (RAM) methods, Generalized Backward Differentiation Formulas (GBDF) and Backward Differentiation Formulas (BDF) are used in the constructions. The E-transformation is applied to the triples and a family of self-starting methods are obtained. The family is for . The numerical implementation of the methods on some stiff initial value problems are reported to show the effectiveness of the methods. The computational rate of convergence tends to the theoretical order as h tends to zero.
Alterations in Steroid Sex Hormones (17β Estradiol and Testosterone) of Clarias gariepinus Exposed to Different Sub-lethal Concentrations of Cypermethrin
Authors: Paul Joseph Akaninyene , Tobias Okoro Finian , Odey Ajang Raymond
Published: April 2019

The study focused on the alterations in steroid hormone levels of Clarias gariepinus. Fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of cypermethrin over a 28 days period. A total of 200 sub-adults of C. gariepinus with a mean weight of 55.280 ± 6.281g were used throughout the study. Sub-adults of C. gariepinus were exposed to 0.00 ppm, 0.0125 ppm, 0.025 ppm, 0.100 ppm and 0.400 ppm of cypermethrin. The concentration of 17β-Estradiol and testosterone in C. gariepinus sub-adults exposed to 0.0125 ppm, 0.025 ppm, 0.100 ppm and 0.400 ppm of the toxicant for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days decreased significantly from the control, with increase in toxicant at p<0.05, except for 17β-Estradiol and testosterone in fish exposed to 0.0125 ppm of cypermethrin for 21 days and 7 days. The mean levels of estradiol decreased in 0.400 ppm group compared to the control; from 212.4 ± 3.156 pg/mL to 118.9 ± 9.682 pg/mL (Day 7); 210.5 ± 8.286 pg/mL to 90.70 ± 7.554 pg/mL (Day 14); 131.7 ± 5.652 pg/mL to 80.77 ± 6.882 pg/mL (Day 21) and 177.6 ± 12.25 pg/mL to 52.77 ± 11.08 pg/mL (Day 28). The mean levels of testosterone decreased in 0.400 ppm group compared to the control; from 2.367 ± 0.208 pg/mL to 0.823 ± 0.276 pg/mL (Day 7); 2.700 ± 0.200 pg/mL to 0.466 ± 0.152 pg/mL (Day 14); 3.200 ± 0.300 pg/mL to 0.300 ± 0.100 pg/mL (Day 21) and 2.933 ± 0.251 pg/mL to 0.366 ± 0.208 pg/mL (Day 28). Due to adverse alteration in 17β-Estradiol and testosterone concentration of the test fish, we recommend that the Government sensitizes the farmers properly on the proper use of pesticides and also enforce against an excess application of pesticides. More of similar studies should be funded to continue monitoring the effects of various pesticides on fishes and the aquatic eco-system at large.