bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSTRUCTIVE AND ARCHITECTURAL QUALITIES OF THE PAVILION OF THE COVERED MARKET ON THE OLD BAZAAR IN ROSTOV-ON-DON
Authors: Петрусенко Юлия , Petrusenko Yuliya
Published: April 2019

The author examines the architectural, artistic and structural features of the pavilion of covered market in the Old Bazaar. Search and identification of analogues of the covered market, which architecture influenced the external and internal appearance of the building is produced. The basic design conditions and the value of the object in the historical building are determined. The aim of the study is to identify the constructive, architectural and artistic features of the pavilion in the Old Bazaar in Rostov-on-Don. In the works of its architect Nikolai Sokolov (1859–1906), as well as in the architecture of this object, the influence of the “architect-mentor” Jeronim Kitner (1839–1929) – a representative of the rational architecture of the XIX century – is marked. One of the most important issue of this study is to identify the influence of architect-mentors on the creative activity of Nikolai Sokolov, on the example of considered pavilion at the Old Bazaar.
ANALYSIS OF THE COMPLEX INVESTMENT PLAN FOR THE MODERNIZATION OF MONOGIANCES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF TOGLIATTI
Authors: Пермякова Анна , Permyakova Anna , Авилова Ирина , Avilova Irina , Даниленко Елена , Danilenko Elena , Стрекозова Людмила , Strekozova Lyudmila
Published: April 2019

The study is due to the severity and magnitude of the problems of single-industry municipalities. Single-industry towns are the “weak spot” of Russia. In such municipalities, the dependence of the settlement on the city-forming enterprise is clearly expressed, which causes well-founded concerns in the conditions of the economic crisis in which the Russian Federation has been staying for a long time. The population of single-industry towns may be left without jobs and wages, the city budget will lose the monetary component of the taxes of the city-forming enterprise. In such situation population outflows may begin, the city will lose its social attractiveness and may eventually cease to exist as a municipality. The comprehensive investment plan is the main instrument of state financial support for the integrated development of single-industry towns, which is aimed at eliminating the dependence of a single-industry entity on the city-forming enterprise, improving the socio-economic condition of the city, improving and finding the investment attractiveness of the municipality. The article deals with the problems of the spatial development of the territory of the single-industry city of Tolyatti, taking into account the socio-economic orientation. A search is being made for a solution to the town-planning use of the city’s territory on the basis of a comprehensive investment modernization plan. The assessment of the previous state of the territorial unit, the process of implementing a comprehensive investment modernization plan and the forecast of the post-sales condition of the city are given.
THE MODELING OF A BEVEL GEAR FOR MIXER WITH BI-DIRECTIONAL ROTATIONAL IMPACT ON THE MATERIAL
Authors: Юдин Константин , Yudin Konstantin , Харин Никита , Harin Nikita
Published: April 2019

A batch mixer is considered. The feasibility of developing a new type of mixers is presented. A literary review of domestic and foreign authors on this subject is made. The author's kinematic scheme of the mixer is presented. It describes the effect on the material mixed in the mixing chamber with respect to two mutually perpendicular horizontal axes. Movement features of material in the mixer suggest the presence of elements of the gyroscopic effect. Rotation of the mixing chamber is carried out by means of belt, chain and conical transmission. The resulting complex spatial motion of the material particles can be controlled by a frequency converter and the selection of appropriate gears. An algorithm for modeling the conical transmission for a mixer with a bi-directional rotational effect on the material is presented. Bevel gear is set on the carrier. Preliminary experimental studies have been conducted. A three-dimensional model of the bevel gear is presented. Adjustment of the installation dimensions is shown. A three-dimensional model of a bevel gear transmission, using the NX software product, is supplemented with a table for its calculation and an initial stocking model. The practical implementation of bevel gears in metal is shown. conclusions on modeling are made.
Current and Emerging Approaches for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Treatment
Authors: Chen Ming-Ming , Cai Jing-Jing , Yu Yao , She Zhi-Gang , Li Hongliang
Published: April 2019

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the second leading cause of liver transplantation in the US with a high risk of liver-related morbidities and mortality. Given the global burden of NASH, development of appropriate therapeutic strategies is an important clinical need. Where applicable, lifestyle modification remains the primary recommendation for the treatment of NASH, even though such changes are difficult to sustain and even insufficient to cure NASH. Bariatric surgery resolves NASH in such patients where lifestyle modifications have failed, and is recommended for morbidly obese patients with NASH. Thus, pharmacotherapies are of high value for NASH treatment. Though no drug has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of NASH, substantial progress in pharmacological development has been made in the last few years. Agents such as vitamin E and pioglitazone are recommended in patients with NASH, and yet concerns about their side effects remain. Many agents targeting various vital molecules and pathways, including those impacting metabolic perturbations, inflammatory cascades, and oxidative stress, are in clinical trials for the treatment of NASH. Some agents have shown promising results in phase II or III clinical trials, but more studies are required to assess their long-term effects. Herein, we review the potential strategies and challenges in therapeutic approaches to treating NASH.
Annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs from Laos (Mollusca, Gastropoda)
Authors: Inkhavilay Khamla , Sutcharit Chirasak , Bantaowong Ueangfa , Chanabun Ratmanee , Siriwut Warut , Srisonchai Ruttapon , Pholyotha Arthit , Jirapatrasilp Parin , Panha Somsak
Published: April 2019

The land area of Laos is composed of a large variety of undisturbed habitats, such as high mountainous areas, huge limestone karsts and the lower Mekong Basin. Therefore, Laos is expected to have a high species diversity, especially for the land snails. However, with respect to research on malacology, Laos is probably the least well-researched area for land snail diversity in Indochina (including Laos) over the past few centuries. The handful of species lists have never been systematically revised from the colonial period to the present, so these classifications are outdated. Herein we present the first comprehensive annotated checklist with an up-to-date systematic framework of the land snail fauna in Laos based on both field investigations and literature surveys. This annotated checklist is collectively composed of 231 nominal species (62 ‘prosobranch’ and 169 heterobranches), of which 221 nominal species are illustrated. The type specimens of 143 species from several museum collections and/or 144 species of newly collected specimens are illustrated. There are 58 species recorded as new to the malacofauna of the country, and two new replacement names are proposed asHemiplectalanxangnicaInkhavilay and Panha,nomen novum(Ariophantidae) andChloritiskhammouanensisInkhavilay and Panha,nomen novum(Camaenidae). Four recently described species of the genusAmphidromusfrom Laos, “thakhekensis”, “richgoldbergi”, “attapeuensis” and “phuonglinhae” are synonymized with previously described species. In addition, thirteen nominal species are listed as uncertain records that may or may not occur in Laos. This annotated checklist may inspire malacologists to carry on systematic research in this region.
Mitochondrial genomes of the stoneflies Mesonemoura metafiligera and Mesonemoura tritaenia (Plecoptera, Nemouridae), with a phylogenetic analysis of Nemouroidea
Authors: Cao Jin–Jun , Wang Ying , Huang Yao–Rui , Li Wei–Hai
Published: April 2019

In this study, two new mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) ofMesonemourametafiligeraandMesonemouratritaeniafrom the family Nemouridae (Insecta: Plecoptera) were sequenced. TheMesonemourametafiligeramitogenome was a 15,739 bp circular DNA molecule, which was smaller than that ofM.tritaenia(15,778 bp) due to differences in the size of the A+T-rich region. Results show that gene content, gene arrangement, base composition, and codon usage were highly conserved in two species. Ka/Ks ratios analyses of protein-coding genes revealed that the highest and lowest rates were found in ND6 and COI and that all these genes were evolving under purifying selection. All tRNA genes in nemourid mitogenomes had a typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for tRNASer(AGN)which appeared to lack the dihydrouridine arm. The multiple alignments of nemourid lrRNA and srRNA genes showed that sequences of three species were highly conserved. All the A+T-rich region included tandem repeats regions and stem-loop structures. The phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood methods (ML) generated identical results. Amphinemurinae and Nemourinae were sister-groups and the family Nemouridae was placed as sister to Capniidae and Taeniopterygidae.
New species of leaf-mining Phyllonorycter (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae) from Siberia feeding on Caragana (Fabaceae)
Authors: Kirichenko Natalia , Triberti Paolo , Lopez Vaamonde Carlos
Published: April 2019

During a DNA barcoding campaign of leaf-mining Gracillariidae from the Asian part of Russia, a new species ofPhyllonorycterHübner, feeding on the Siberian pea shrub,CaraganaarborescensLam. (Fabaceae) was discovered in Siberia. Here, this taxon is described asPhyllonorycterivanisp. n.Among Fabaceae-feedingPhyllonorycter, so far onlyP.caraganella(Ermolaev) has been known to develop onCaragana.PhyllonorycterivaniandP.caraganellashow a large divergence in morphology (external and male genitalia) and barcode region of the mtDNA-COI gene (8.6%). They feed on different host plants species and have different ranges in Russia. We show that DNA barcode data weakly supports the Fabaceae-feeding species groups. In addition, we show that morphologically (strongly) and genetically (weakly),P.ivanihas affinity to thehaasispecies group, a West Palearctic group with asymmetrical male genitalia.
70% Failure Rate: An Imperative for Better Change Management
Authors: Jones-Schenk Jan
Published: April 2019

The McKinsey consulting group reports data that 70% of all change management efforts fail. A 30% success rate is troubling, particularly when considering the associated costs in the form of loss of competitive position, confidence of the workforce in leadership, and quality improvements and anticipated costs reductions. The ADKAR Model offers a contemporary set of tools to more effectively address change.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2019;50(4):148–149.]
Adverse Childhood Experiences: Concept Mapping in the Bachelor of Science in Nursing Curriculum
Authors: Gill Marie E. , Zhan Lin , Rosenberg Judith , Breckenridge Leigh Ann
Published: April 2019

Background:

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have deleterious effects on health across the lifespan. Educating health professionals for ACEs awareness and prevention facilitates quality care. Literature documents concept mapping as an effective teaching strategy used in health professions to stimulate learning and foster students' critical thinking. However, ACEs curricular concept mapping remains unexplored.

Method:

Content analysis with manifest coding was used to identify key concepts based on faculty narratives and discussion notes about ACEs content.

Results:

Major and minor themes emerged to support the ACEs Curricular Concept Map development with direct and indirect paths to culture of health and health equity.

Conclusions:

The ACEs Curricular Concept Map was developed to guide teaching ACEs knowledge in a Bachelor of Science in Nursing program. Future studies are needed to evaluate the impact of ACEs curricular concepts on nursing students' learning and graduates' ability to translate knowledge to practice ACEs awareness and prevention toward health equity for all.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(4):193–200.]
Part-Time Clinical Nursing Faculty Needs: An Integrated Review
Authors: McPherson Sara
Published: April 2019

Background:

The faculty nursing shortage has been cited as a reason that qualified students are not admitted to nursing programs. Programs fill the faculty gap by relying on qualified, part-time faculty to teach clinical rotations. The purpose of this article was to review the evidence of what is needed for part-time clinical faculty as they assume the faculty role.

Method:

Using a systematic approach, 19 articles were included in this integrated review.

Results:

Themes identified included Mandatory/Structured Orientation, Mentoring, Support, and Communication/Connection. Issues of Pay and Compensation and the Transient Nature of Year-to-Year Contract Work were also themes found in this review.

Conclusion:

Clinical education is imperative to developing safe, competent new nurses. Identifying the needs of part-time clinical faculty hired to reduce the impact of the faculty shortage is needed for continued program stability and ensuring continuity of the nursing faculty workforce.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(4):201–206.]
Development of a Disaster Nursing Competencies Assessment Instrument for Baccalaureate Nursing Education
Authors: Siemon Mark , Hackwith Jennifer , Monson Kim
Published: April 2019

Background:

Nursing education must prepare graduates for disasters. The purpose of this study was to develop a list of critical disaster nursing competencies to be assessed as part of baccalaureate nursing education.

Method:

The International Council of Nurses (ICN) and World Health Organization (WHO)
Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies
was used to develop an online survey. RNs with experience in disaster nursing and disaster education were asked to divide the disaster competencies into two categories—baccalaureate/entry-level or master's/doctorate-advanced practice level. The results were analyzed using one-sample binomial test.

Results:

Sixty-five RNs completed the online survey. Fifteen (12%) of the ICN and WHO disaster competencies were categorized as more appropriate for master's/doctorate nursing education.

Conclusion:

This project has developed a list of disaster nursing competencies for use by baccalaureate nursing programs, as well as a list of competencies specific for community and public health nurse educators.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(4):229–233.]
Chain Reaction
Authors: O'Reilly John , Guilfoyle Liam , Lehane Louise
Published: April 2019

This chapter presents a case study of the experience of the Irish Chain Reaction (CR) team, which took place during a time of significant curriculum change in the lower secondary school system. As such, it is hoped that those interested in teacher professional development will find the case of interest while acknowledging the varied cultural, material and structural resources, and limitations that influence the context of any educational change process. The authors have placed a significant focus on describing the Irish context to begin this chapter, initially comparing the old science syllabus with the new “specification,” with thought given to the existing modalities of student learning and the nature of teacher professional collaboration and the developments that will be required by the new curriculum. The authors then summarize the plan for CR implementation through a professional learning community (PLC) focused on supporting teacher agency and autonomy in the design of inquiry-based science education (IBSE) classes. Teacher and student reflections of experience are presented.
Developing Logistic Regression Models to Identify Salt-Affected Soils Using Optical Remote Sensing
Authors: Kumar Nirmal , Singh S. K. , Reddy G. P. Obi , Naitam R. K.
Published: April 2019

A major part of Indo-Gangetic plain is affected with soil salinity/alkalinity. Information on spatial distribution of soil salinity is important for planning management practices for its restoration. Remote sensing has proven to be a powerful tool in quantifying and monitoring the development of soil salinity. The chapter aims to develop logistic regression models, using Landsat 8 data, to identify salt affected soils in Indo-Gangetic plain. Logistic regression models based on Landsat 8 bands and several salinity indices were developed, individually and in combination. The bands capable of differentiating salt affected soils from other features were identified as green, red, and SWIR1. The logistic regression model developed in the study area was found to be 81% accurate in identifying salt-affected soils. A total area of 34558.49 ha accounting to ~10% of the total geographic area of the district was found affected with salinity/alkalinity. The spatial distribution of salt-affected soils in the district showed an association of shallow ground water depth with salinity.
Forest-River-Ocean Nexus-Based Education for Community Development
Authors: Mizutani Shimon , Liao Kai , Sasaki Tsuyoshi Goto
Published: April 2019

Bioeconomic research aims at developing a more resource-efficient and sustainable society that uses renewable biological resources to produce food, materials, and energy. Economic supremacy causes many problems, such as global warming, depletion of fossil fuels and natural resources, and loss of biodiversity. In order to build a more sustainable society with resource efficiency, it is necessary to discuss the institutional framework, which includes environmental assessment, environmental monitoring, biological resource management, human resources management, and education. This chapter examined the effectiveness of forest-river-ocean nexus-based education for community development (FRONE) in encouraging the sustainable use of biological resources. Combined with the adaptive cycle, FRONE is considered to have the potential to promote the sustainable use of biological resources. In the future, further bioeconomic research from the point of view of the education system will be needed.
Cyber Security Challenges for Smart Cities
Authors: Nayyar Anand , Jain Rachna , Mahapatra Bandana , Singh Anubhav
Published: April 2019

Smart cities are composed of interlinked components with constant data transfer and services targeted at increasing the life style of the people. The chapter focuses on diverged smart city components as well as the security models designed to be implemented. The four major paradigms discussed in this chapter are smart grids, building automation system (BAS), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and smart vehicles. Apart from addressing the security concerns of every component, the major highlights of this chapter are architecture, smart environment, industry, lifestyle, services, and digital lifestyle quality. Finally, the chapter focuses on privacy preserving mechanisms, its essence over smart cities, strong architecture related to privacy, preserving mechanism, and various approaches available that can retaliate these issues in a smart city environment.
Awareness Based Recommendation
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Nishimura Takuma , Takadama Keiki
Published: April 2019

In Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, one of the important issues is to design Human interface. There are two issues, one is the machine-centered interaction design to adapt humans for operating the robots or systems. Another one is the human-centered interaction design to make it adaptable for humans. This research aims at latter issue. This paper presents the interactive learning system to assist positive change in the preference of a human toward the true preference, then evaluation of the awareness effect is discussed. The system behaves passively to reflect the human intelligence by visualizing the traces of his/her behaviors. Experimental results showed that subjects are divided into two groups, heavy users and light users, and that there are different effects between them under the same visualizing condition. They also showed that the authors' system improves the efficiency for deciding the most preferred plan for both heavy users and light users.
Performance Improvement of a Sales Training Feedback System
Authors: Symonette Simone G.
Published: April 2019

This case study examines the analysis, design, development, implementation, and continuous improvement of a training feedback system. In this case, the system captured sales training participant feedback and distributed that data to stakeholders to analyze and to resolve problems within the learning experience. The intervention set presented in the case is intended for practitioners who have limited time and resources but are interested in creating a feedback system that meets ever changing business demands in a sales training environment.
Using Haptic Feedback in Human-Swarm Interaction
Authors: Nunnally Steven , Walker Phillip , Lewis Michael , Chakraborty Nilanjan , Sycara Katia
Published: April 2019

A swarm of robots is a large group of individual agents that autonomously coordinate via local control laws. Their emergent behavior allows simple robots to accomplish complex tasks. Since missions may have complex objectives that change dynamically due to environmental and mission changes, human control and influence over the swarm is needed. The field of Human Swarm Interaction (HSI) is young, with few user studies, and even fewer papers focusing on giving non-visual feedback to the operator. The authors will herein present a background of haptics in robotics and swarms and two studies that explore various conditions under which haptic feedback may be useful in HSI. The overall goal of the studies is to explore the effectiveness of haptic feedback in the presence of other visual stimuli about the swarm system. The findings show that giving feedback about nearby obstacles using a haptic device can improve performance, and that a combination of feedback from obstacle forces via the visual and haptic channels provide the best performance.
VIA
Authors: Graesser Arthur C. , Nixon Tristan M. , Hampton Andrew J. , Franklin Sam E. , Love Jeneé B.
Published: April 2019

This chapter describes the testing of the computer-human interface of Virtual Internship Authorware (VIA), an authoring tool for creating web-based virtual internships. The authors describe several benchmark tasks that would be performed by authors who create lessons on the subject matter of land science. Performance on each task was measured by task completion times and the likelihood of completing the task. Data were collected from ten novices and three experts familiar with the broader learning environment called Intershipinator. Task completion times and the number of steps to complete the tasks were also modeled by GOMS (Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection), a theoretical model that predicts these measures of user interaction based on a computational psychological model of computer-human interaction. The output from the GOMS simulations of task completion times and number of steps robustly predicted the performance of both novices and experts. Large deviations between model predictions and human performance are expected to guide modifications of the authoring tool.
Big Data and Natural Language Processing for Analysing Railway Safety
Authors: Syeda Kanza Noor , Shirazi Syed Noorulhassan , Naqvi Syed Asad Ali , Parkinson Howard J , Bamford Gary
Published: April 2019

Due to modern powerful computing and the explosion in data availability and advanced analytics, there should be opportunities to use a Big Data approach to proactively identify high risk scenarios on the railway. In this chapter, we comprehend the need for developing machine intelligence to identify heightened risk on the railway. In doing so, we have explained a potential for a new data driven approach in the railway, we then focus the rest of the chapter on Natural Language Processing (NLP) and its potential for analysing accident data. We review and analyse investigation reports of railway accidents in the UK, published by the Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB), aiming to reveal the presence of entities which are informative of causes and failures such as human, technical and external. We give an overview of a framework based on NLP and machine learning to analyse the raw text from RAIB reports which would assist the risk and incident analysis experts to study causal relationship between causes and failures towards the overall safety in the rail industry.
Improving Pointing in Graphical User Interfaces for People With Motor Impairments Through Ability-Based Design
Authors: Wobbrock Jacob O.
Published: April 2019

Pointing to targets in graphical user interfaces remains a frequent and fundamental necessity in modern computing systems. Yet for millions of people with motor impairments, children, and older users, pointing—whether with a mouse cursor, a stylus, or a finger on a touch screen—remains a major access barrier because of the fine-motor skills required. In a series of projects inspired by and contributing to ability-based design, we have reconsidered the nature and assumptions behind pointing, resulting in changes to how mouse cursors work, the types of targets used, the way interfaces are designed and laid out, and even how input devices are used. The results from these explorations show that people with motor difficulties can acquire targets in graphical user interfaces when interfaces are designed to better match the abilities of their users. Ability-based design, as both a design philosophy and a design approach, provides a route to realizing a future in which people can utilize whatever abilities they have to express themselves not only to machines, but to the world.
A Model of Factors Explaining the Adoption and Use of Electronic Performance Support Systems in Portuguese Organizations
Authors: Carvalho Piedade
Published: April 2019

This article describes how the huge investments in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the increasing impact of Information Systems (IS) on the functioning and competitive capacities of organizations justify and stress the need to identify factors influencing the adoption and use of EPSS (Electronic Performance Support System). Following the models and theories of IT adoption by the available theories of Acceptance as well as studies conducted in the field of EPSS, which indicate the existence of several factors influencing the use and success, a study was conducted to assess possible changes in these factors considering the idea of some authors assume that there are differences by type of IT. In this sense, it was felt that it would be advisable to know the circumstances that arise from the adoption and use of three types of EPSS - extrinsic, intrinsic, and external, arguing that such knowledge can be obtained by identifying a set of enabling factors to characterize those circumstances. The performance of three-case studies and reflection made that it derived a set of factors that influence the strategy of adopting and using EPSS, which were grouped and organized in a model of adoption of EPSS. This model brings together all the key factors considered and classifies them, according to their origin in four different categories, designated by the organizational environment, individual performance characteristics of the tool and task requirements.
Organizational Culture and Organizational Performance
Authors: Bashayreh Anas M.
Published: April 2019

Organizational cultures can have varying impacts on organization performance. Oftentimes, employees work harder to achieve organizational goals if they consider themselves to be part of the corporate culture. Different cultures operating in one company can also impact organization performance. Organizational culture is an important part to be considered by dynamic organizations in order to develop some competitive advantage to ensure enhanced organizational performance. This chapter aims to close the gap between understanding the role of organizational culture and the effect on organizational performance among the employees in insurance companies.
An Exploration of the Critical Need for Formal Training in Leadership for Cybersecurity and Technology Management Professionals
Authors: Burrell Darrell Norman
Published: April 2019

For many cybersecurity professionals it is often their technical skills, certifications, and technical academic education that gets them hired and even promoted from a line employee to a management role in technical departments and technical organizations. Being in management roles requires the development of new leadership soft skills that include personality traits, attitudes, habits, and behaviors you display when working with leading, coaching, empowering and developing others. While good soft skills are also important for employees, they are critical for managers - and for those who want to be managers. This article explores that nature of those skills and approaches to help organizations develop leaders in these areas.
Human Resources Development Practices and Employees' Job Satisfaction
Authors: Long Choi Sang , Xuan Sia Shi
Published: April 2019

This chapter introduces the relationship between human resource development (HRD) practices and employees' job satisfaction. Employees' job satisfactions have gained tremendous attentions from scholars in organizational study and special focus are given into searching the answer to understand why some people are more satisfied with their jobs than others. In this chapter, the definition and importance of job satisfaction is first discussed followed by exploring HRD theories and models through relevant literature review. Lastly, the relationship between job satisfaction and the four elements of human resource development: i) Training and development; ii) Organization development; iii) Career development; and iv) Performance management are discussed and developing of a conceptual framework.
A Mashup-Based Approach to Optimize Human Performance in IT Service Management
Authors: Paula dos Santos Carlos Raniery , Granville Lisandro Zambenedetti , Loewenstern David , Shwartz Larisa (Laura) , Anerousis Nikos
Published: April 2019

Modern IT service provider organizations are under a continuous pressure to increase their competitiveness. Ways to reduce costs while improving performance of services are a key focus area for companies in the IT industry. However, despite all the solutions that have been proposed, modeling and optimizing human-centered processes remains a challenging task. The human operator may be influenced by multiple factors and execute the process in a different way each time, thus introducing a significant variability in the final process outcome. Therefore, the goal of this chapter is to introduce the concept of mashups as an effective approach to improve performance in terms of productivity and reliability of human-centered IT Service Management (ITSM) activities. In particular, this chapter aims to define management solutions required to deliver and demonstrate improvements in performance of human-centered ITSM processes. The introduced management solutions are examined through a real case study, related to the Request Fulfillment process.
Macroergonomic Work Systems' Design Factors and Elements
Authors: Realyvásquez Arturo , Maldonado-Macías Aidé Aracely , Romero-González Jaime
Published: April 2019

Currently there is no a literature survey which evaluates and classifies the papers according to the macroergonomic factors and elements that authors consider needed to work systems' design. For that reason, this chapter offers a review to identify the most frequent macroergonomic work systems' design factors and elements enounced in literature and propose a classification for them. A manual search was performed in seven databases by using keywords such as sociotechnical systems, macroergonomics, and work systems design. Bibliographical sources were classified into five main groups, corresponding to the factors of work systems' design, named Peron factor, Organization factor, factor of Tools and Technology, Tasks factor, and Environment factor, and their corresponding subgroups (elements). The macroergonomic Organization factor presented the highest frequency, while the macroergonomic factor of Tools and Technology presented the lowest frequency. Regarding the elements, Teamwork was the most frequent, while Advanced Manufacturing technology and Work Schedules were the less frequent.
The Impact of Emerging Technology on Leadership Development
Authors: Connally Patrick N. , Morris Lonnie R.
Published: April 2019

Through an exploration of research and practical literature, this chapter examines the impact of emerging technologies on leadership development. First the authors discuss how technology has changed organizational approaches to training and development. Next, the authors address the benefits of leveraging technology for organizational learning and leadership growth. Then simulation and gaming, social media, and blogs are discussed for their particular strengths as key options for leadership development.
Media Regulation and Freedom of Expression in Black Africa
Authors: Endong Floribert Patrick C.
Published: April 2019

Since the 1990s, Black African states have been subjected to endogenous and exogenous political pressures which have compelled them to variously adopt a number of pro-democracy reforms. Though lauded in a number of quarters, these sweeping political reforms have merely been on paper. This is so as, cardinal democracy indexes such as freedom of expression, press freedom, freedom of thought and political pluralism among others, have remained more a myth than a reality in these countries. Using a comparative analysis of the political situation in Cameroon and Nigeria, this chapter argues that press freedom and liberal democracy are still mere ideals, not yet backed by evidential political will in both countries. The same multifaceted abuses of the press still prevail in the two states. This chapter however, underscores the vibrancy and political maturity of the Nigerian press which differentiate it from its counterparts in other African countries, notably in Cameroon.
Immersive Journalism Design Within a Transmedia Space
Authors: Rodríguez Nohemí Lugo
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to contribute to the theoretical frame of transmedia journalism by proposing a question-based model that focuses on transmedia design when an immersive journalism piece is integrated into a transmedia space. Immersive journalism is a new medium that could be effectively used to foster social empathy by means of virtual reality stories in journalism. The chapter is guided by the following ideas: (1) narrative strategies that may be useful in the design of immersive journalism experiences; (2) aesthetic principles of immersive experiences; and (3) inclusion of an immersive experience in a transmedia space. Thus, this chapter reviews the narrative techniques and aesthetics of immersive experiences that might contribute to the design of both the immersive piece and the transmedia space.
Data-Driven Information Consumption
Authors: McKendrick Joseph
Published: April 2019

Things are changing dramatically within the publishing industry. However, news media itself isn't on the wane, as many pundits are stating. In this chapter, the author explores how the business model for media organizations is shifting away from print, and away from the “gateway” approach to journalism and content development, in which a few select articles are presented to audience by editors, writers and reporters. In its place, the new digital media model is creating a plethora of content from many different sources, oftentimes first-hand accounts, original sources, or commentary. In the process, rather than resulting in a dearth of news content, audiences have access to an often dizzying, overwhelming and potentially contradictory content. This is creating potentially new roles for news and publishing organizations, serving as sources of validation and aggregation of content. At the same time, the rise of digital media is providing consumers a far wider range of choices pushing media organizations to provide content more tailored to their audiences.
Social Media in Crisis
Authors: Brengarth Lauren Bacon , Mujkic Edin , Millar Meg A.
Published: April 2019

This case study examines how social media tools were used by a Nonprofit Organization (NPO) to raise money during a catastrophic fire in the Western United States. The fire claimed over 18,000 acres of forestland, nearly 350 homes, and 2 human lives. When it occurred, it was the most catastrophic fire event to hit this community. This case illuminates specific ways in which social media provided the key tools that enabled the creation of this NPO, the sale of hundreds of thousands of tee shirts in one month, and ultimately dollars donated to aid the victims of the fire. This case is unique because it is the story of an organization that was created overnight because individuals in the organization's social system rapidly evaluated and adopted their innovation. Additionally, opinion leaders (particularly those in traditional media) within the social system aided the NPO in rapidly establishing legitimacy with its followers.
Digital Inclusion, Crowdfunding, and Crowdsourcing in Brazil
Authors: Bonami Beatrice , Tubio Maria Lujan
Published: April 2019

In the present chapter, we map and characterize crowdsourcing and crowdfunding platforms that promote social entrepreneurship in the online universe. We first analyze relevant theoretical concepts and the existing literature on entrepreneurship, digital inclusion, information and open culture, digital culture, and social technologies to better understand the genesis and development of initiatives that promote social entrepreneurship in the online universe. Then, we map and describe the platforms that tried to encourage this type of entrepreneurship around the world, especially in Brazil. Finally, we examine some important aspects of the panorama of crowdfunding in Brazil. By exploring the current development of crowdfunding and crowdsourcing platforms at international level, we expect to contribute to the creation of new projects and policies that respond to the current demands of the network society.
Social Bootstrapping
Authors: Sahlin John P.
Published: April 2019

Just as the three most important aspects of real estate are: Location, Location, Location, it can be said that the three most important aspects of seeking funds for major projects are Access, Access, Access. The advent of social media has opened a new avenue for artists and non-profits to fund their programs: social bootstrapping. This chapter will address the use of social media platforms to raise funds for major arts and nonprofit projects. This chapter will also consider the implications of social media to fund niche programs that may be considered “too risky” to fund under the traditional rules or those that simply don't have the access to major contributors. Pioneers in the arts and nonprofit industries have successfully adopted the best practices of the technology industry and used social media platforms to secure funding that would not traditionally be available.
Use of Social Media in Citizen-Centric Electronic Government Services
Authors: Alryalat Mohammad Abdallah Ali , Rana Nripendra P. , Sahu Ganesh P. , Dwivedi Yogesh K. , Tajvidi Mina
Published: April 2019

This article undertakes a literature review on such articles on social media and citizen-centric e-government services. This research uses 139 articles to perform the intended literature review. The keywords analysis of these articles indicates that Web 2.0, participation and open government/open data were some of the frequently used keywords in addition to the two major themes of e-government and social media on which all the articles were searched for. The analysis of research methods indicated that majority of the studies were analytical, conceptual, descriptive, or theoretical in nature. The theoretical analysis however indicated that there is a lack of theory-based research in this area. The review of literature indicated that research themes such as electronic participation, engagement, transparency, communication/interaction, trust, security and collaboration are some of the most frequently used categories under this area of research. A research framework has also been proposed from the key themes emerging from the review.
Revisiting Software Engineering in the Social Era
Authors: Burégio Vanilson , Kajan Ejub , Sellami Mohamed , Faci Noura , Maamar Zakaria , Benslimane Djamal
Published: April 2019

This paper discusses the possible changes that software engineering will have to go through in response to the challenges and issues associated with social media. Indeed, people have never been so connected like nowadays by forming spontaneous relations with others (even strangers) and engaging in ad-hoc interactions. The Web is the backbone of this new social era – an open, global, ubiquitous, and pervasive platform for today's society and world - suggesting that “everything” can socialize or be socialized. This paper also analyzes the evolution of software engineering as a discipline, points out the characteristics of social systems, and finally presents how these characteristics could affect software engineering's models and practices. It is expected that social systems' characteristics will make software engineering evolve one more time to tackle and address the social era's challenges and issues, respectively.
The Potential of Crowdsourcing in the Health Care Industry
Authors: Ghosh Kaushik , Sen Kabir C.
Published: April 2019

Crowdsourcing has immense potential in the health care industry as it can tap into a vast global pool of knowledge to solve a wide variety of health care problems. This chapter first categorizes the different problems in the health care industry. It then describes some existing health care services and also discusses the future challenges that a typical crowdsourcing service could face. The chapter emphasizes the potential of crowdsourcing to disrupt old ideas and introduce new ones as well as a make a significant improvement in the social quality for different population groups.
Networks for Cyberactivism and Their Implications for Policymaking in Brazil
Authors: Soares de Freitas Christiana , Ewerton Isabela Nascimento
Published: April 2019

Networks for cyberactivism have been developed in Brazil since the end of the 20th century. This chapter presents results of a three-year research about networks for digital political participation developed by civil society. The research analyzed 41 networks according to specific analytical categories to deepen the understanding about their potential to foster citizens' engagement in political initiatives and strengthen democracy. Several mechanisms that considerably stimulate a culture of political participation were clearly observed. Possibilities for political acting through those networks tend to narrow the gap between citizens' claims and government actions but that is not always the case. There is a lack of synergy between citizens' demands and strategic planning of public policies and other political outcomes. Some hypotheses are discussed to understand this context and reflect on the trends and challenges to digital democracy in the twenty-first century.
Translation Learning Environments for the Future
Authors: Ramos Maria del Mar Sanchez
Published: April 2019

This chapter describes how recent years have seen a growing interest in so-called collaborative translation. This is the subject of an open debate in translation studies, where matters such as translator training in social translation or the motivation of volunteer translators are all widely discussed. This chapter recounts a teaching experience performed at a key stage of a localization course. It describes the social constructivist methodology used and the findings obtained from a qualitative analysis to bring collaborative translation into the classroom and to introduce students into new translation models and practices.
Intelligent Drones Improved With Algae Algorithm
Authors: Ochoa Ortiz-Zezzatti Alberto , Olivier Tania , Camarena Raymundo , Gutiérrez Guadalupe , Axpeitia Daniel , Vázque Irving
Published: April 2019

Implement an optimal arrangement of equipment, instrumentation and medical personnel based on the weight and balance of the aircraft and transfer humanitarian aid in a Drone, by implementing artificial intelligence algorithms. This due to the problems presented by geographical layout of human settlements in southeast of the state of Chihuahua. The importance of this research is to understand from a Multivariable optimization associated with the path of a group of airplanes associated with different kind of aerial improve the evaluate flooding and send medical support and goods to determine the optimal flight route involve speed, storage and travel resources for determining the cost benefit have partnered with a travel plan to rescue people, which has as principal basis the orography airstrip restriction, although this problem has been studied on several occasions by the literature failed to establish by supporting ubiquitous computing for interacting with the various values associated with the achievement of the group of drones and their cost-benefit of each issue of the company and comparing their individual trips for the rest of group. There are several factors that can influence in the achievement of a group of Drones for our research we propose to use a Bioinspired Algorithm.
Cross-Layer Scheme for Meeting QoS Requirements of Flying Ad-Hoc Networks
Authors: Khan Bilal Muhammad , Bilal Rabia
Published: April 2019

Recently, Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs), enabling ad-hoc networking between highly mobile Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), are gaining importance in several military, commercial and civilian applications. The sensitivity of these missions requires precise and prompt data delivery. Thus, the most important communication requirements that need to be addressed while designing FANETs are of high reliability and low latency. Considering these demands, this chapter focusses on mobility models, MAC protocols and routing protocols.
Lethal Military Robots
Authors: Royakkers Lambèr , Olsthoorn Peter
Published: April 2019

Although most unmanned systems that militaries use today are still unarmed and predominantly used for surveillance, it is especially the proliferation of armed military robots that raises some serious ethical questions. One of the most pressing concerns the moral responsibility in case a military robot uses violence in a way that would normally qualify as a war crime. In this chapter, the authors critically assess the chain of responsibility with respect to the deployment of both semi-autonomous and (learning) autonomous lethal military robots. They start by looking at military commanders because they are the ones with whom responsibility normally lies. The authors argue that this is typically still the case when lethal robots kill wrongly – even if these robots act autonomously. Nonetheless, they next look into the possible moral responsibility of the actors at the beginning and the end of the causal chain: those who design and manufacture armed military robots, and those who, far from the battlefield, remotely control them.