bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelo del costo de la transición de la energía eléctrica en Venezuela
Authors: Perez Bracho Edwin Enrique , Velásquez Sergio
Published: May 2024

Se expone un nuevo modelo aplicativo de costo de la energía para Venezuela, acorde a las actuales condiciones económicas y sociales, que puede conllevar a una transición energética, lo que implica innovar con un concepto, alícuota de la energía, el cual integra el costo de la energía y la huella de Carbono [HC], incluyendo el costo social [SCC], permitiendo la regulación a las empresas prestadoras de servicios y que puedan ser más eficientes; ya que, tradicionalmente, estos aspectos se han visto por separado en dos dimensiones, pero se puede plantear la interrelación en un sistema no lineal de tres dimensiones (costos, energía y CO2). Basado en un modelo matemático que permitan su convalidación, en diferentes escenarios, partiendo de la premisa que en la actualidad se aplica un modelo lineal y obsoleto de más de veinte años, de tal manera que necesita ser cambiado, por lo que deben incluirse todas las variables predominantes, que permitan obtener como resultados un modelo óptimo tanto para el proveedor del servicio como para los usuarios, que pueda abarcar a los diferentes tipos de servicios, basado en simulaciones del Sistema Eléctrico Nacional [SEN], en condiciones operativas lo más realistas posibles, ya que para poder recuperarlo se requieren cuantiosas inversiones; por consiguiente, será necesario atraer capitales externos y se le debe garantizar la rentabilidad de cualquier proyecto
Апробация метода ПЦР для видовой идентификации рисовой листовой нематоды Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, 1942
Authors: Иванов А.В. , Ушкова М.В.
Published: May 2024

Статья посвящена Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, 1942 – рисовой листовой нематоде. Она распространена во многих странах мира, возделывающих рис. В настоящее время она исключена из Единого перечня карантинных объектов Евразийского экономического союза, однако является регулируемой рядом стран – импортеров российской продукции. Вредитель является полифагом и поражает большой круг растений. В странах Европейской и Средиземноморской организации по карантину и защите растений (ЕОКЗР) основными растениями-хозяевами, которые подвергаются наибольшему риску заражения нематодой A. besseyi, являются рис и клубника (PM 7/39 (1), 2004). Поскольку рис является важным продуктом питания, по посевным площадям и валовым сборам зерна он занимает в мировом земледелии второе (после пшеницы) место. В статье обобщена и проанализирована научная информация по географическому распространению, вредоносности рисовой листовой нематоды A. besseyi, ее биоэкологическим особенностям, методу морфологической диагностики. Изучены методы молекулярно-генетической идентификации рисовой листовой нематоды A. besseyi, используемые в зарубежных исследованиях. При проведении наших исследований использовали нематод, собранных во время экспедиций на Дальний Восток (Приморский край, Ханкайский район) и в Краснодарский край Российской Федерации. Проведена видовая идентификация нематод по морфологическим признакам в соответствии с методическими рекомендациями по выявлению и идентификации рисовой нематоды Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie (МР ВНИИКР № 89-2016). Для лабораторного исследования применяют как морфологические, так и молекулярные методы. Разработка и применение современных методов диагностики в области карантина растений являются актуальными для выявления и идентификации рисовой листовой нематоды A. besseyi. Проведено исследование с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) с использованием смесей для амплификации коммерческого производства 5x MasDDTaq MIX-2025 и 5x MasORTaq MIX-2025 ЗАО «Диалат Лтд.» (Россия), а также 5х ScreenMix, 5х ScreenMix-HS и 5х ScreenMix-HS (UDG) ЗАО «Евроген» (Россия).
Clarifying the Meaning of Suffixes to Form Verbs in the Explanatary Dictionary in 21 Volumes
Authors: Purevdorj Erdenetuya , Ulzii Uzesgulen
Published: May 2024

In this article, based on the documents of the first explanatory dictionary of the Mongolian language, the Twenty-One Dictionary (1717), the characteristics and odd endings of Mongolian verb formation are explained from the point of view of word structure and typology. Verb formation in modern Mongolian can be divided into two categories: forming verbs from free roots and forming verbs from non-free roots. According to the documents of the twenty-first glossary, the variants of “-la” suffix “-lo (u)”, “-lü” suffix, “-na” suffix “-no (u), “-nü” to form verbs from free roots are The unique suffixes are explained by quoting from the dictionary. Also, the suffixes “-ra, -ro, -ri”, “-γa4 + na4”, “-l”, “či-” used to create verbs from non-free roots are analyzed and explained by word structure.
Үйл үг бүтээх дагаврын утга, үүргийг тодруулах нь(Хорин нэгт тайлбар толийн жишээн дээр)
Хураангуй: Энэхүү өгүүлэлд монгол хэлний ууган тайлбар толь болох Хорин нэгт тайлбар толь бичиг (1717)-ийн баримтад тулгуурлан, монгол хэлний үйл үг бүтээх онцлог, содон дагаврыг үгийн бүтэц, хэв шинжийн үүднээс тайлбарлав. Орчин цагийн монгол хэлний үйл үг бүтээх дагаврыг идэвхтэй язгуураас үйл үг бүтээх, идэвхгүй язгуураас үйл үг бүтээх гэж хоёр ангилна. Хорин нэгт тайлбар толийн баримтаас үзэхэд идэвхтэй язгуураас үйл үг бүтээх “-la” дагаврын хувилбар “-lo (u)”, “-lü” дагавар, “-na” дагаврын хувилбар “-no (u”), “-nü” гэсэн өвөрмөц дагавар буйг толь бичгийн баримтаас эшлэн тайлбарлав. Мөн чөлөөт бус язгуураас үйл үг бүтээх “-ra, -ro, -ri”, “-γa4 + na4”, “-l”, “či-” гэсэн дагаврыг үгийн бүтцээр задлан тайлбарлав.
Түлхүүр үг: Үйл үг, үйл үг бүтэх ёс, идэвхтэй язгуур, чөлөөт бус язгуур, дагавар, дагаврын хувилбар
Public Service Broadcasting as Subjects and Objects of Media Study:A Philosophical Examination
Authors: Tsevegjav Tserenjav
Published: May 2024

Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) has long been a subject of study in the media landscape and communication disciplines. This paper aims to summarize PSB research by engaging with philosophical and conceptual issues that consider PSB as both objects and subjects of media study. Why does PSB need to be studied in a dual capacity and explore the implications of this approach? PSB is a subject tool when media characteristics are studied in grounded theory in practice and when studied by the complexities considered as objects inherent in media research. Therefore, I aim to suggest various theoretical frameworks for studying PSB to emphasize the importance of balancing grounded theory with an appreciation for the dynamics of PSB in media research.
Олон нийтийн Өргөн Нэвтрүүлгийн байгууллага нь мэдээллийн хэрэгслэлийн судалгааны объект, субъект болох нь: Философийн ажиглалт
Олон нийтийн радио телевиз нь хэвлэл мэдээллийн болон харилцаа холбооны салбарт судлагдсаар ирсэн сэдвийн нэг билээ. Энэхүү судалгааны өгүүлэлдээ олон нийтийн радио телевизийг хэвлэл мэдээллийн судалгааны объект, харилцаа холбооны салбарын субъект хэмээн үзэх философи, үзэл баримтлалын асуудлыг хөндөж, энэ чиглэлийн судалгааг нэгтгэх зорилгыг дэвшүүллээ. Судалгааны томоохон энэхүү нэгжийг 2 талаас нь судлах шаардлага нь олон нийтийн радио телевизийг хэвлэл мэдээллийн шинж чанараар нь практикт үндэслэн онолоор судлах, хэвлэл мэдээллийн судалгаанд хамаарах объект гэж үзэх үндэслэлтэй холбоотой юм. Тиймээс хэвлэл мэдээллийн судалгаанд мэдээллийн энэ байгууллагын динамик үнэлгээ, онол хоорондын тэнцвэрт байдлын ач холбогдлыг тодорхойлохын тулд онолын олон талт хүрээг ашиглахыг энэхүү судалгааны өгүүллээрээ санал болгож байна.
Түлхүүр үг:  Олон нийт, мэдээллийн хэрэгслийн судалгааны философи, онолын хүрээ, учир шалтгааны онол, хосолсон төлөв, эмперик судалгаа
Social Media in Physician Assistance and Medical Education
Authors: Junaid zaman  , Mahar Attaullah , Ahmed Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Objective: To assess physician assistant (PA) students’ experiences with social media (SM) as a part of their medical education.
Place and duration of study: Study was conducted at Fazaia Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan from July 2019 to July 2020 in one year duration.
Methodology: This study was completed in two different phases. In phase 1 a cross sectional survey was conducted to measure student opinions and experience with social media. This survey was conducted on all 1st and 2nd year PA students. Phase 2 was a longitudinal observational survey to incorporate two 1st year PA classes regarding social media in medical education resources. First year and second year students from medical school were enrolled.
Results: The mean support of social media inclusion in physician assistant, enhancing existing curriculum, and the anticipation of formal inclusion in the future was 2.42±0.58,2.53±0.98 and 2.42±1.06, respectively. While support social media inclusion in physician assistant, worthwhile addition to the lectures and Useful addition to physician assistant curriculum was 1.84±0.64, 1.77±0.72 and 2.02±0.88, respectively.
Conclusion:  Many physician assistants and medical students are already using social media as an informal part of their studies. Some difficulties were also identified by physician assistant students in finding a well-established educational social media. Many PA educators used our data in designing curriculum of PA students. More studies are needed to focus on social media use and its effects on examination education and learning.
Attracting Foreign Venture Capital Investment: The Institutions that Matter Most for Emerging Economies
Authors: Ali Amjad , Ahmed Jawad
Published: May 2024

This study explores the critical institutions and challenges influencing the attraction of international venture capital (VC) investment in emerging economies. By examining governance indicators such as "Voice and Accountability" and "The Rule of Law," the research highlights the importance of strong democratic institutions and robust legal frameworks in creating an attractive investment environment. It also identifies the complexities of regulatory frameworks, political stability, and corruption control in this context. The findings suggest that while effective governance fosters VC investment, over-reliance on government assistance can be counterproductive. The study emphasizes the need for collaboration among governments, regulatory bodies, and local organizations to create an investor-friendly climate, unlocking the potential for innovation and economic growth in emerging markets. Further research is recommended to understand the nuanced interactions between these factors and VC investments across diverse settings.
Brand Vs Counterfeit: The Place for Counterfeit among Fashion & Brand Conscious Females
Authors: Ahmad Shaheera , Ahmad Hira , Shahid Tuba
Published: May 2024

This study aims to investigate how brand consciousness and fashion consciousness influence the willingness to purchase counterfeit brands in the lawn wear market. Purchase intention serves as a mediator, while social influence acts as a moderator. The research focuses on a sample of 300 females from Lahore, Pakistan. Data will be collected using a structured questionnaire, and the analysis will be conducted using Smart PLS. This non-contrived study addresses a significant gap in the market literature.
Identifying the Determinants Contributing Towards the Achievements of SDGs: A Case Study of a Medical Institute
Authors: Bilal Baig Mirza Muhammad , Shabbir Bilquis , Masud Gondal Khalid , Zahra Taskeen
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study is to analyze the determinants that have helped a medical institution to achieve remarkable success in promoting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within health care. This research is intended to provide important insights into the role that higher education institutions can play in assisting healthcare systems with developing approaches for sustainable development. Taking a case study approach, this research examines the medical institution through comprehensive discussion with faculty and staff members as sources. Within the overall structure of the Case Study design, Grounded Theory is used to ensure a complete understanding. The research is carried out at the renowned medical institution in Pakistan. The whole study, covering a year's time, permits us to examine in depth the factors underlying institutions’ pursuit of SDGs. Inductive methods, and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. From among 250 faculty and staff, we deliberately selected a specific cohort of 15 faculty members and ten non-faculty personnel who had experience with university ranking systems and made contributions towards SDGs. The results indicate that institution’s success in reaching SDG objectives can be credited to five main elements: delivering high-quality education, carrying out top-notch research, offering social support, advocating for health and wellness, and actively striving for poverty reduction. This information is a key input for policymakers, educators and others who want to improve the function of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) as agents in sustainable development within the field of healthcare. Through comprehensive and strategic planning that addresses each of these determinants, medical institutions have the power to transform society for a healthier tomorrow.
Analisis Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Pertanian Ke Non Pertanian di Kecamatan Kedungkandang Kota Malang
Authors: Purwanto Tri , Jamil Achmad Maulana Malik , Suprianto Agung
Published: May 2024

The need for land in urban areas is influenced by economic factors that cannot be avoided. This study aims to: 1) analyze land use changes from agriculture to non-agriculture in Kedungkandang District; and 2) knowing several factors that influence it. The research method used is a quantitative method by conducting a survey in Kedungkandang District, Malang City. Quickbird imagery was used to analyze changes in land use from 2006 to 2016. The analysis results obtained by changes in land use in Kedungkandang District, indicating that the largest changes in agricultural land were located in Cemorokandang Village of 67.9 ha or the equivalent of 25.51%, the average change land use of 24.06 ha or the equivalent of 8.3% while the area that experienced the least land change was located in the Kotalama Village of 1.66 ha or the equivalent of 0.57%. While the factors that influence changes in land use in Kedungkandang District are economic factors and public interest.
Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas X
Authors: Ervina Ayu , Suharto Yusuf , Rahmawati Ratna
Published: May 2024

Keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa kelas X-1 SMAN 3 Malang masih tergolong kurang, sehingga perlu ditingkatkan mengingat pentingnya keterampilan tersebut di abad 21 ini. Adapun enam indikator berpikir kritis yang perlu ditingkatkan yaitu focus, reason, inference, situation, clarity, dan overview. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui peran model Problem Based Learning (PBL) berbantuan padlet penyelesaian masalah dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir secara kritis siswa kelas X-I SMAN 3 Malang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) menggunakan model Kemmis & Mc. Taggart. Data rerata peningkatan dan ketuntasan keterampilan berpikir kritis dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan persentase keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa sebesar 21,32% dari 66,67% pada siklus I menjadi 87,99% pada siklus II dan N-Gain sebesar 0,64.
Hvorfor deltager de ikke?
Authors: Skov Jensen Anna , Mygind Bach Katrine , Nordentoft Helle Merete , Møller Karen Louise , Mariager-Anderson Kristina
Published: May 2024

Forskning i peerfeedback har primært fokuseret på peerfeedbacks potentiale for at bidrage til studerendes læreprocesser og udvikling af akademiske færdigheder. I denne artikel undersøger vi, med afsæt i et peerfeedbackforløb for bachelorstuderende på første år, hvorfor nogle studerende vælger ikke at deltage i peerfeedback. På baggrund af fokusgruppeinterviews og skriftlige studenterevalueringer undersøger vi gennem et positioneringsperspektiv de studerendes implicitte antagelser om peerfeedback og opstiller fire diskursive positioner for ikke-deltagelse: investorpositionen, den blinde position, den bedømmelsesorienterede position og den sårbare position. De analytiske fund viser både spændinger mellem forventninger til peerfeedbackforløb studerende imellem og spændinger mellem studerendes og universitetets antagelser om peerfeedbacks læringspotentiale. I diskussionen af, hvordan vores fund bidrager til eksisterende viden, introducerer og diskuterer vi begrebet "den implicitte underviser", der  bruges til at indfange de studerendes implicitte antagelser om, hvad en universitetsunderviser er og bør være.
Dansk universitetspædagogisk forskning - i videnskabelige artikler i DUT
Authors: Rienecker Lotte
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hvad skal Dansk Universitetspædagogisk Tidsskrifts artikler indeholde? I en artikel i Dansk Pædagogisk Tidsskrift retter to universitetspædagogiske forskere, Laura Louise Sarauw og Eva Bendix Petersen, en kritik mod DUTs videnskabelige artikler for at savne videnskabsteoretiske overvejelser, diskussion med universitetspædagogiske begreber, teorier og metoder, og feltopbygning gennem mere dialog med tekster i feltet.
Men er det så oplagt, at Dansk Universitetspædagogisk Tidsskrift har til opgave at bringe mere videnskabsteoretisk stof, teoridiskussion og teoriopbygning?
For det første er universitetspædagogiske forskere et mindretal blandt DUT’s artikelforfattere, ifølge en forfatteroptælling jeg har foretaget. En stor forfattergruppe er forskere på tværs af fag og fakulteter. For det andet er (videnskabs)teoretisk fokus ikke blandt tidsskriftets formulerede formål. For det tredje er DUT ikke et udtryk for al dansk universitetspædagogisk forskning, men kun en delmængde af den. Og endelig er det de mere anvendelsesorienterede  videnskabelige, og især faglige artikler som skaber mest trafik på tidsskriftets sider.
Interband optical conductivity in electromagnetic field modulated strained black phosphorene
Authors: Bai Wen-Qing , Yang Jiang-Tao , Yang Cui-Hong , Chen Yun-Yun ,   School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China,   Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China,   Jiangsu International Joint Laboratory on Meteorological Photonics and Optoelectronic Detection, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Published: May 2024

Black phosphorene (BP) has been widely investigated for its anisotropic and unique photoelectric properties. Strain, voltage and so on are commonly used to modulate the energy band structure and accordingly its photoelectric characteristics. In this study, we consider the energy band structure of BP in the vertical magnetic field, electric field, and in-plane/out-of-plane strains by using the tight-binding approximate Hamiltonian. The anisotropic frequency-dependent interband optical conductivity (IOC) of BP is investigated by using the Kubo formula in these modulation factors. Inherent asymmetry in band dispersion along the armchair (AC) direction and the zigzag (ZZ) direction leads to anisotropic IOC. The introduction of a vertical magnetic field induces band splitting, thereby generating multiple interband transition channels. In this case, the IOC along both the AC direction and the ZZ direction exhibits three peaks around the original peak position, and the magnitudes of the peaks are also modulated. With the increase of in-plane strain (from –20% to 20%), the band gap increases monotonically, and both the position and magnitude of the peaks vary with band gap changing. However, the band gap of BP undergoes a non-monotonic change under out-of-plane strain (from –20% to 20%), which is different from the change under in-plane strain. The band gap reaches a minimum value when a tensile strain of 12% is applied. Along the AC direction, the modulation of the IOC by in-plane strain is opposite to the modulation of out-of-plane strain (εz < 12%), indicating a competitive effect when triaxial strains are applied. Along the ZZ direction, in-plane strain primarily modulates the peak magnitude, while out-of-plane strain effectively modulates not only the peak position but also the peak magnitude obviously. The modulation of the IOC by forward and reverse electric fields are symmetrical. The coefficient for the peak position shift due to the vertical electric field is 1/2 in the AC direction and 1/10 in the ZZ direction. By integrating various modulation factors, we achieve versatile control over the energy band and IOC of BP, providing theoretical support for the application of BP in optoelectronic devices.
The transformative potential of textbooks
Authors: Pollari Milja , Autio Minna , Elorinne Anna-Liisa
Published: May 2024

Education is recognized as crucial in addressing unsustainable practices, such as food waste. One of the aims of interdisciplinary food education in basic education is to promote sustainable food waste behavior, which can be promoted by transformative learning. This study examined how food waste is addressed in nine Finnish basic education textbooks. The content related to food waste and the pedagogical style of the texts were analyzed from home economics, biology, and geography textbooks designed for secondary level education (grades 7–9, age 13–16). The results were analysed to assess their potential to promote transformative learning. All of the textbooks approached the topic of food waste from the perspective of their own subject, and none presented it as an interdisciplinary phenomenon. Home economics textbooks focused on students' perspectives, emphasizing food waste reduction and waste sorting. Geography textbooks frequently explored the topic in the context of the food supply chain or at a global level, while biology textbooks primarily addressed the sorting of food waste. The textbooks primarily used a neutral text style focusing on information transmission. In some contexts, a persuasive style was employed to encourage critical thinking and action. The participative style, which encourages active student engagement, was utilized the least in all textbooks, and primarily for exercises. By integrating learning-supportive text styles (such as participative and persuasive), including student tasks related to food waste, and fostering an interdisciplinary understanding of food waste, textbooks have the potential to transform student learning and engagement in sustainable food practices.
The Discourse of Europe and the Search for a European Identity [2000]
Authors: White Hayden
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on the discourse of Europe in the search for a European identity that was good and noble. The current quest for Europe's true identity is the manifestation in public discourse of an effort to invent a new identity for Europe. Moreover, the European Union is simply the newest manifestation of European civilization's drive for mastery of the rest of the world. The chapter then references Roland Barthes' book, Système de la mode (1967), which shows how semiology could be used to disclose how common objects could be endowed with a meaning far more than any need or practical use. It elaborates on the double ambiguity present within the notion of European identity.
On Transcommunality and Models of Community [2003]
Authors: White Hayden
Published: May 2024

This chapter tackles the interplay between transcommunality and models of community. It discusses John Brown Childs's statement with regard to harsh dichotomies that typically hamstring the efforts even to think about or achieve community under the conditions of modernity. Childs likens the ideal social formation to a mosaic of communities, each formed by ideal respect and mediated by principles. The chapter cites that traditional conceptions of the community were based on a mosaic model. It then examines the notion of civility and the fantasy of community being reconceptualized to include everyone occupying a given space and condition of historical existence.
Anomalies of the Historical Museum, or, History as Utopian Space [2004]
Authors: White Hayden
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the anomalies of historical museums. According to Susan Pearce, the historical museum uses four modes of display for endowing the past with meaning, which is display, narration, presentation, and reconstruction. Essentially, the historical museum has the task of representing, displaying, presenting, or manifesting one or another of these notions of history and the historical. The chapter mentions how techniques of fictionalization are being used for the representation of the past through simulations, models, or images of the entities and events depicted in the museum. It discusses the genealogy of the modern historical museum and the interplay between the notions of museums and fetish.
The Metaphysics of Western Historiography
Authors: White Hayden
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses the metaphysics of Western historiography. It particularly focuses on the notions of cosmos, chaos, and sequence in historiological representation. Paul Ricoeur defines narrative as the form of discourse in which the human experience of temporality achieves expression in language. Moreover, the experience of historicality is an experience of narratively organized temporality, the organization of time as configured in such a way as to reveal a figural relationship between the three extases or epochés of temporality. The chapter explains how narrative is a way of mediating between the experience of existence in time and the paradoxes of time.
Exile and Abjection [2006]
Authors: White Hayden
Published: May 2024

This chapter introduces the key concepts of exile and abjection. Initially, exile was a punishment but now, in modern times, it is often considered to be a metaphor for a certain kind of person or condition with appropriate modifiers. Modernity is characterized by the transformation of a world once conceived as a congeries of places gradually being transformed. Thus, the notion of exile has a purely historical interest, its relevance to time consists of the extent to which it allows the identification of what people lost or the price they paid for entrance into the condition of modernity. The chapter offers further definitions of exile in line with the notions of place and community.
Against Historical Realism
Authors: White Hayden
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on the key concepts of historical realism in correlation with Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace. It explains that War and Peace provided an account of the effect on Russian society of Napoleon's invasion in 1812. Moreover, War and Peace undermines Western European literary realism by questioning the ideology of history on which it was based. The chapter considers War and Peace as a historical novel that seeks to show how people cannot escape using history as a context for the representation of great events. It mentions Tolstoy's statement that history is a stream of happenings that historians break up in different ways, and out of which they make stories, quite arbitrarily.
Ethnopolitical Entrepreneurs
Authors: Fittante Daniel
Published: May 2024

This book presents the story of the Armenians of Glendale, California. Coming from Argentina, Armenia, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Russia, Syria, and many other countries, this group is internally fragmented and often has limited experience with the American political system. Nonetheless, Glendale's Armenians have rapidly mobilized and remade an American suburban space in their own likeness. In telling their story, the book expands our understanding of US political history. From the late nineteenth-century onward, Irish, Italian, Jewish, and several other immigrant populations in large American cities began changing the country's political reality. The book shows how Glendale's Armenians—as well as many other immigrants—are now changing the country's political reality within its dynamic, multiethnic suburbs. The processes look different in various suburban contexts, but the underlying narrative holds: immigrant populations converge on suburban areas and ambitious political actors develop careers by driving coethnics' political incorporation.
Glendale’s Ethnopolitical Entrepreneurs
Authors: Fittante Daniel
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores historical and demographic accounts that gave rise to novel suburban political actors known as ethnopolitical entrepreneurs. It talks about Glendale-based Armenian elected officials, Rafi Manoukian and Ardashes (Ardy) Kassakhian. It also outlines the distinct dimensions of ethnopolitical entrepreneurs and their significance in the political incorporation of immigrants and other minorities. The chapter looks at the learning curve for ethnopolitical entrepreneurs, who must identify the most effective uses of ethnicity to mobilize co-ethnic populations and win political elections. It mentions that non-Armenians played an important role in creating a sense of ethnic cohesion among the intra-ethnically diverse Armenians of Glendale.
Why, How, and When Religious Appeals Matter in Power Politics
Authors: Henne Peter S.
Published: May 2024

This chapter begins by defining religious appeals and power politics. Religious appeals refer to the invocation of religion in order to justify policies or critique a rival. States can use religious appeals in many contexts, but the book focuses primarily on international power politics. According to Stacie Goddard and Daniel Nexon's definition, this is the “politics based on the use of power to influence the actions and decisions of actors that claim, or exercise, authority over a political community.” The chapter then surveys research on both legitimation and rhetoric in international relations, as well as religion and politics to provide the foundations for the book's argument. It presents the theory on why religious legitimation matters, the conditions under which states are likely to use it, and the conditions under which it is likely to have an impact. Finally, the chapter discusses the book's research design and empirical expectations.
Introduction
Authors: Meiners Scott J.
Published: May 2024

This chapter provides a background on the forest and its trees, emphasizing that understanding the forest can only happen when a person understands the trees that compose them. It presents the issues facing some of major tree species and why people should care. It also illustrates the changes in over forests over the last century or so and describes the unrelenting damage that forests have suffered. Most of these stories include species invasions from elsewhere that disrupt populations that have not evolved the ability to deal with the pests. The chapter explores two tree species already functionally lost from forest communities: the American chestnut and the American elm.
Eastern Hemlock— Tsuga canadensis
Authors: Meiners Scott J.
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on hemlock, which is narrowly constrained to mountainous regions in the southern Appalachians but much more broadly distributed in New England, northern Michigan, Wisconsin, and adjacent areas of Canada. Eastern hemlock develops into almost pure stands, casting a deep shade that primarily allows other hemlocks to regenerate. It considers the hemlock as an incredibly shade-tolerant tree, which exhibits a classic slow and steady growth habit. The chapter talks about the widespread insect outbreak that decimated eastern hemlock populations. Logging has attempted to help slow the invasive insect's spread in the pest's inexorable rush to cover all hemlock, but the landscape ultimately ends devoid of hemlock.
Neighborhood Networks
Authors: Simpson Bethany
Published: May 2024

This chapter reviews how architecture could still have consequences at both the cultural and individual levels, helping generate the linkage between spatial organization and social behavior. The chapter examines social organization in ancient settlements, as evidenced by archaeological remains. It also looks at the ancient Roman-era Egyptian town of Karanis and uses space syntax analysis to quantify and compare complex systems of access. In addition to the public street system, access throughout the town was supplemented and often improved by local access routes across private domestic property. The chapter describes the ancient inhabitants of Karanis, who were invested in maintaining complex networks of social interaction through permitting access to their property, transcending legal conceptions of privacy and property.
Unsafe Houses in Greco-Roman Egypt
Authors: Abdelwahed Youssri
Published: May 2024

This chapter describes enclosed houses with high, narrow windows that afforded a privacy that might sometimes help facilitate socially aberrant behavior. Home was not only a place of love and protection, but sometimes also violence and abuse. The chapter seeks to identify different forms of household violence in petitions and locates these forms in relation to the physical arrangement of the house. It also focuses on legal petitions from Oxyrhynchus and Tebtynis, highlighting forms and locations of household violence. The time span of the chapter extends from the foundation of the Ptolemaic Dynasty in 305 BCE to the official recognition of Christianity in 325 CE.
Figurines and the Material Culture of Domestic Religion
Authors: Thomas Ross I.
Published: May 2024

This chapter provides insight into the purpose and function of figurines. It focuses on a corpus of figurines from recently excavated sites comprising the port of Naukratis, a kiln in Memphis, the quarry settlement at Mons Claudianus, and the Red Sea port of Myos Hormos. It also considers the broad-scale chronological and spatial distribution patterns of the assemblages from the settlements in order to understand the broader social context that influenced or restricted the uses of and activities associated with figurines within specific households. Although the chapter concentrates on the period 175 BCE to CE 175, it starts around 620 BCE to track the unbroken traditions of Egyptian figurine production and figurine use in Egyptian houses. It emphasizes that figurines are a useful artifact group to understand ritual activities within households in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt.
Three Monks and a House
Authors: Brooks Hedstrom Darlene L.
Published: May 2024

This chapter reveals the existence of ancient tensions regarding the homeliness of monastic dwellings. It reviews ancient texts, like the Sayings of the Desert Fathers, that idealize the notion of a dwelling place that generates no attachments and provides only the barest minimum of shelter to support life. It also looks at texts and material records that demonstrate that many monks sought to create a more personalized sense of place within their cells. The chapter talks about Apa Zacharias, Apa Philotheus, and Apa Mena, three monks that were granted a house in Jeme in 734 CE by a woman named Anna. Late antique Thebes, where the three monks lived, reflects an integrated Christian landscape with monastic and nonmonastic families living in complex households.
Contextualizing Houses, Households, and Homes in the Classical World and Beyond
Authors: Nevett Lisa
Published: May 2024

This chapter reviews evidence that offers the possibility of telling the unique story of an individual household and the prospect of constructing a more generalized picture of continuities and discontinuities across settlements and regions or between social groups. It explores how the household can be defined, both physically and socially, in research on the Egyptian context. It also mentions the assumption of a direct correspondence between architectural space and social unit that has been criticized as imposing modern Western cultural expectations. The chapter emphasizes the importance of building up a culturally specific set of assumptions about who the occupants of a structure may have been, how they may or may not have been related, and in what sense they may have constituted a single household. It cites case studies that reveal a number of common themes that relate to wider debates taking place in the analysis of households in the ancient world and beyond.
Tip of the Spear
Authors: Flores Alfred Peredo
Published: May 2024

This book argues that the US occupation of the island of Guåhan (Guam), one of the most heavily militarized islands in the western Pacific Ocean, was enabled by a process of settler militarism. During World War II and the Cold War, Guåhan was a launching site for both covert and open US military operations in the region, a strategically significant role that turned Guåhan into a crucible of US overseas empire. In 1962, the US Navy lost the authority to regulate all travel to and from the island, and a tourist economy eventually emerged that changed the relationship between the Indigenous CHamoru population and the US military, further complicating the process of settler colonialism on the island. The US military occupation of Guåhan was based on a co-constitutive process that included CHamoru land dispossession, discursive justifications for the remaking of the island, the racialization of civilian military labor, and the military's policing of interracial intimacies. Within a narrative that emphasizes CHamoru resilience, resistance, and survival, the book uses a working-class labor analysis to examine how the militarization of Guåhan was enacted by a minority settler population to contribute to the US government's hegemonic presence in Oceania.
Introduction
Authors: Flores Alfred Peredo
Published: May 2024

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Guåhan's significance in Oceania. Though Guåhan is a modern-day US colony, US control of the island has never been predicated on resource extraction. Rather, Guåhan serves to maintain, expand, and secure US capitalist interests throughout Asia. It also serves as a place to wage war. This is highlighted by the fact that the island is commonly referred to as the “tip of America's Spear” for its strategic military location. Indeed, military bases in Guåhan have never functioned in isolation from other bases in the region but rather are an integral part of US empire in Asia and Oceania. The contemporary reality of perpetual warfare and elimination leads to the central questions of this book: When and how did Guåhan become the tip of America's spear? What effect did it have on the lives of those who lived on the island? How have CHamorus survived US settler militarism? Ultimately, the book analyzes military bases and the process of militarization as an extension of settler colonialism.
Images
Authors: Horsti Karina
Published: May 2024

This chapter highlights the way the Lampedusa disaster on October 3, 2013, was framed and prompted mediated spectators to engage with the disaster. It demonstrates how the disaster reflects representation and memorialization, which were the domains in which spectators could perform their compassion as resistance to indifference. It also examines the visual representation of the disaster, focusing on photographs that became iconic. These photographs demonstrated the massive number of fatalities and represented the very presence of death and created a spectacle out of the harmonious arrangement of coffins. The chapter traces two routes to the alternative representation of images: one in which family members and survivors of the disaster insert photographs of the dead into the mainstream media, and another in which journalists imaginatively read existing photographs.
Epilogue
Authors: Baggett Holly A.
Published: May 2024

This chapter reviews three autobiographies, a Little Review anthology, and an unpublished novel about a lesbian love affair that Margaret Anderson wrote in the remaining forty-four years of her life. Although Anderson had no career or steady income for the rest of her life, she was able to travel, live in impressive dwellings, and only concern herself with her continuing quest for self-understanding. Both Anderson and Jane Heap combined trips back to New York with long-term residences in Paris during the thirties. The chapter traces how Anderson and Heap grew up to be iconoclastic rebels that flaunted their lesbianism, advocated causes ranging from anarchy and antiwar activism to feminism and free love, and shattered cultural, social, and sexual norms. It emphasizes how Anderson started the Little Review to have a personal magazine that would inspire a conversation and succeeded in doing so.
The Authorities
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna
Published: May 2024

This chapter investigates the authorities in Kielce around the time of the pogrom. It begins by looking at the prewar secretary of the prewar populist agrarian People's Party (Stronnictwo Ludowe), Eugeniusz Wiślicz-Iwańczyk, as well as Colonel Władysław Sobczyński-Spychaj, a prewar member of the Communist Party of Poland. From the moment that Sobczyński joined Wiślicz, a turf war began in the symbolic heart of Kielce. The chapter considers the strained relations between the authorities and the Church in Kielce. A thorn in the authorities' side was Bishop Czesław Kaczmarek's supposed mentorship of the Kielce branch of the anticommunist National Armed Forces. The chapter also examines the reports from the Kielce cathedral, the authors of which unanimously agree that the anger of the Kielce parents, who were worried about the fate of their lost children, was justified and that only the form the anger took—a form caused by the resistance of the Jewish residents at 7 Planty Street who would not surrender to a search by the people—was too drastic. Finally, it discusses the Freedom and Independence Union and the blood libel.
A Moveable Feast
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna
Published: May 2024

This chapter assesses how, after World War II, the aversion to the “Jew-bloodsucker”—a character type understood by all addressees, be they Catholic, nationalist, or communist—became the glue that bound the Polish “imagined community.” Among theories of collective violence, only one considers the particular type of situation that evolved on Planty Street. It defines “pogrom” as an act of social control through which a society under threat takes justice into its own hands. From this perspective, the Kielce pogrom would have been an act of self-help carried out by Kielce society, after it was abandoned by the state to the mercy of “Jewish deviants.” Considering that Jews fled Poland in panic because of it, the pogrom should be acknowledged as a more effective form of social control than all other forms of pressure introduced by the Communist authorities after the Second World War. The chapter considers the pogrom communitas before looking at the role of women and children in the Kielce pogrom. It also discusses the opposition to anti-Jewish violence.
Trains
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna
Published: May 2024

This chapter describes the murder of Jews at train stations, when people on trains from Kielce spread the rumor that Kielce Jews were murdering Polish children. The main instigators of these crimes were railwaymen. They shouted, “Beat the Jews,” “away with the Jews” the most, and they searched for Jews in the train cars, dragging them out onto the platform. They took their money, baggage, watches, and active and demobilized military men beat them with stones and shot them to the shouts and applause of crazed passengers. The chapter details the murders that happened at Piekoszów station, the Kielce-Herby station, the Górki Szczukowskie station, and the Koniecpol station.
The Office of Public Security (UB)
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the response of the Office of Public Security (UB) to the Kielce pogrom. The Office of Public Security is put on the defensive beginning with the first conversation between Władysław Sobczyński, the head of the Provincial Office of Public Security (WUBP), and Kazimierz Gwiazdowicz, the deputy commander of the provincial MO under Wiktor Kuźnicki. What contributed the most to the weakening of the security service's position was the passivity of the Soviets, who refused to help suppress the incidents, pulled soldiers out of the city, and locked themselves within their facilities. The few actions taken by its functionaries were the individual acts of men such as Albert Grynbaum, Jan Mucha, Zygmunt Majewski, and Sylwester Klimczak, not the result of coherent leadership. The UB's embarrassment was all the greater because not only did the police fail to support it, but the Polish Army and the Internal Security Corps, whose soldiers—usually hostile toward the police—this time completely supported the policemen who had attacked Jews. The chapter considers the relationship between Polish communism and antisemitism.
Considering Meaning for Scholars During the Pandemic
Authors: Planas Melissa Castillo , Castillo Debra A.
Published: May 2024

This chapter highlights the pandemic pause that provided people opportunities to rethink their sense of place in the larger order of planetary existence and to consider how they can contribute to a planetary remaking. It looks at the ruling concept of the normal and the capitalist idea of success, responding to an unspoken great narrative in which value is assigned to public action and very specific kinds of achievement. The pandemic has interrupted certain hierarchies and instated others, such as the stay-at-home orders. The chapter explains how the disruption of COVID-19 to daily lives has given an opportunity to reflect and to reexamine how and where to live, work, and interact. It describes an era of contestation and crisis, detailing novel ways of thinking about what it means to be a publicly engaged scholar in the era of COVID-19.
Forming a Motherscholar Research Collaborative
Authors: Ho Helen K. , Azim Katharina A. , Pennell Summer Melody , Myles-Baltzly Colleen C. , Heller N. A. , Campbell-Obaid Maggie , Eilert Meike , Richardson Ivanna , Bender Stacey H. , Parker-Barnes Lucy C. , Key-DeLyria Sarah , Lim Stacey , Blanks Jones Jasmine L. , Greene-Rooks Jennifer H.
Published: May 2024

This chapter compiles the response of over a dozen scholars and mothers from various disciplines of a larger collective to address how COVID-19 exacerbated long-standing inequities for mothers pursuing careers in academia. Through a cultivation of a philosophy of radical feminist flexibility, the collective advocates for the value of motherscholars in academic institutions demonstrate possibilities for collaborative scholarship and community building. For many motherscholars, a lack of time due to parenting duties as well as change in the way work time and personal time are understood are major impacting factors of the pandemic. The chapter explores the demands of parenting that have been shown to detract from women's available time for research and scholarship. For motherscholars, professional challenges coexist alongside the emotional and psychological challenges of new parenthood.
Timesoup, Missed Meaning, and Making a Pandemic History
Authors: Scuro Courtney Naum
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses the experiences of the author, a premodern scholar and mother. The chapter considers the misuse and potential contributions of premodern literature to considerations of how one lives and studies since the first summer of the pandemic in 2020. Through the author's meditation on time, the chapter explains how one's ideas about living become defined by experiences of time. The chapter questions the separation imposed upon professional and personal personas and the hierarchization of knowledge practices. An engaged-embodying scholarship should be attuned to variations in bodily experiences, should promote self-reflection on embodiment's effects, and should explore how these factors can and do shape knowledge-practices.