bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF PECTIN/MONTMORILLONITE INTESTINAL ADSORBENTS ON BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS DURING CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID
Authors: KAPYSHEVA U. , BAKHTIYAROVA S. , ZHAKSYMOV B. , SMAGULOVA Z. , TALGATOV E.
Published: August 2021

Chronic treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid may cause a number of adverse effects and chronic conditions. Intestinal adsorbents based on natural materials are used to prevent or treat various intoxications. In this study, it was described detoxification and protective effect of composite pectin/montmorillonite intestinal adsorbents in rats receiving high doses of acetylsalicylic acid. 60 Wistar rats received 100 mg/kg of acetylsalicylic acid without or together with composite intestinal adsorbents based on montmorillonite and 5%, 10%, and 20% pectin. After 16 days of the experiment, blood samples were collected to measure blood biochemistry profiles, including levels of total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol and liver enzymes. It was observed significant changes in blood biochemistry profile as well as in liver enzyme levels in rats receiving acetylsalicylic acid for 16 days. Concomitant administration of acetylsalicylic acid and
composite intestinal adsorbents based on montmorillonite and 5%, 10%, and 20% pectin provided a protective effect as judged by recovery of blood biochemistry and liver enzyme profiles to control levels. The composite adsorbent with 20% pectin had maximum effect. Therefore, pectin/montmorillonite intestinal adsorbents can be used to decrease gastrointestinal irritation and adverse effects of drugs, such as acetylsalicylic acid.
POSSIBILITIES OF SEMEN STAIN IDENTIFICATION AFTER CLOTHING AND BEDDING WASHING IN INVESTIGATING CASES OF SEXUAL ASSAULT
Authors: MUSSABEKOVA Saule Amangeldievna
Published: August 2021

Identifying semen stains on clothing and bedding is a crucial component in investigating cases of sexual assault. In some cases, clothing and bedding have already been washed before they were removed and sent for forensic examination. There is insufficient data on best practices for handling traces of semen on clothes after washing. This work aimed to study the possibility of identifying traces of semen on clothes after washing using widely used techniques. To simulate typical physical evidence, donor semen samples were applied to pieces of clothing made from various fabrics. The clothes were washed under multiple conditions (with the help of nonbiological and biological (enzyme-containing) agents, and across numerous washing machines). After washing, the washing stains were characterized by the presence of fluorescence signal, spermatozoa (Koren – Stokis method), the determination of acid phosphatase, prostate-specific antigen and semenogelin, as well as the results of serological research according to the AB0 system and DNA analysis. Clothing analysis using these methods was shown to be effective in experimental conditions. However, the presence of enzymes as detergent components designed to destroy biogenic stains significantly affect the results of the identification of semen stains. It has been established that the full genetic profile can be obtained from semen stains even after washing three times. Different strategies are needed to detect, select and identify semen stains depending on the circumstances of a case. It is recommended to examine clothing and bedding, even if the specimens were previously washed.
CHARACTERISTICS INVESTIGATION OF PREPARED PLOYFURFURAL THROUGH THE POLYMERIZATION PROCESS
Authors: Saleh Hind Mahdi
Published: August 2021

Recently, furfural is the most commonly produced industrial chemical because of its production is very flexible. In this study, furfural was converted into ploy furfural through polymerization process under acidic medium. Some mechanical and thermal characteristics were investigated for the viscous polymer. The polymer was characterized by the FTIR spectrum of the furan resin prepared in this study showed several bands due to the furan ring, which appears at (3116,1508,1149 and 735) cm-1. In addition, the spectrum showed a band at 3450 cm-1 due to the hydroxyl group and band at 1714 cm-1 due to carbonyl group which was generated by cleavage the furan ring under polymerization at the acid medium.The CHN analysis, curing condition of the polymer, was followed by the DSC technique, and the glass transition temperature of cured resin was an estimate (246 °C). Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) provides a good approach to accelerate the polymer lifetime testing that monitors weight changes in materials. The TGA and DSC of the furan resin compounds afterheating at 250 °C, 300 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C; had one decomposition step. On the other hand, thermal treatment of polymer was done at different temperatures and times, and several thermal parameters were determined.
ENERGETIC AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF USE OF HYDRATED ETHANOL
Authors: RUOSO Ana Cristina , LHAMBY Andressa , MISSAGGIA André Brum , KLUNK Marcos Antônio , CAETANO Nattan Roberto
Published: August 2021

Interest in biofuels is growing, and ethanol has been the most used biofuel as an additive and as a gasoline substitute and, it is considered a potential alternative to traditional fuels. Ethanol represents 17% of energy consumption in transportation in Brazil, the transport sector's share in the energy matrix is 32.4%, which is the second most energy-consuming sector. The production of first and second-generation ethanol in the same industrial plant presents better financial results compared to the isolated processes. Also, ethanol obtained from the sugarcane has renewability, biodegradability and provides CO2 emissions mitigation. The objective of the work is to perform an analysis of the ethanol with several levels of hydration in terms of energetic, economic, environmental and safety. The results showed that each 10% of water in ethanol dilution the temperature in the flame surround decreases by 4%. Besides, the ethanol with 20% of water dilution emits 20% less radiation compared to 10% of water dilution. Indeed, the energy consumed in the distillation to produce ethanol with 10% of water is double. On the other hand, this energy difference in the production of ethanol diluted with 30% of water is not enough to compensate for the losses in the energy use process. Also, large amounts of water in ethanol dilution might be unfeasible the use due to the total cost of transportation. Therefore, ethanol with 20% of water represents the more efficient, cleaner and safe fuel in free flame applications.
ASSESSING ANTIOXIDANT AND PROOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF LACTOBACILLI AND ENTEROCOCCI STRAINS BY USING ORAC AND LUX-BIOSENSOR METHODS
Authors: MAZANKO Maria S , CHISTYAKOV Vladimir A , ALESHUKINA Iraida S , EID Moez Ali , ABDULKADHIM Kareem Abbood Zejawi
Published: August 2021

Lactobacilli are widely used in medicine as probiotic bacteria. Lactobacilli are considered one of the most important types of intestinal microbes. These bacteria have an antioxidant, gene protective effect on the immune and nervous systems of the host. But some strains of enterococci can be pathogenic microorganisms and cause diseases such as urinary tract infections, bacteremia, infections at the surgical sites, bloodstream infections, diarrhea. The need to study the beneficial and harmful properties of bacteria for humans determines the relevance of the study. The antioxidant and prooxidant properties of 11 Enterococcus strains and 7 metabolites of Lactobacillus strains were analyzed using an oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) analysis and a lux biosensor test. Bacteria were incubated in cow's milk. Unfermented milk was used as a control. A study showed that milk fermented with enterococci did not have significant differences in antioxidant ability compared to control. In contrast, almost all lactobacilli increased the antioxidant ability of sour milk compared to unfermented milk. That is, the metabolites of Lactobacillus strains have demonstrated strong antioxidant properties even at low concentrations. The metabolites of Enterococcus strains possessed prooxidant properties. They enhanced the action of other prooxidants, such as paraquat, hydrogen peroxide, dioxidine, and showed a synergistic effect. The Lux biosensor test, used to evaluate the effect of substances on living cells with a complex metabolism, was more informative than the ORAC analysis, which allowed to evaluate the antioxidant and prooxidant properties of probiotic bacteria metabolites. The study revealed not only the influence of the direct effect of the test substance on the target molecule, but also the effect of indirect action by interfering with other biochemical processes of a living cell, which confirmed the need to use the biosensor lux test for further work when choosing strains of probiotic bacteria.
INCREASED NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHESIS IN PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES UNDER THE ACTION OF ASCORBIC ACID
Authors: KUROPTEVA Zoia Veniaminovna , BAYDER Larisa Michailovna , BELAYA Olga Leonidovna , ZUMABAEVA Taasilkan Toktomamatovna
Published: August 2021

The effect of ascorbic acid (AA) on the formation of nitric oxide (NO) in peritoneal macrophages of SHK line mice was studied. ESR and UV spectroscopy revealed a significant increase in oxide formation in a suspension of macrophages with AA incubated at room temperature. In ESR studies, hemoglobin added to a suspension of macrophages was used as a NO trap, and the resulting nitric oxide was detected by the formation of hemoglobin complexes Heme-NO. The quantitative assessment showed that under these conditions, under the action of AA, 1.5x109 molecules of NO per cell are produced in macrophages. The increase in nitric oxide synthesis under the action of AA was also established by UV spectroscopy in the supernatant after incubation of MP with AA. Considering the known data on the cytotoxic effect of NO on viruses and bacteria, it is assumed that the effect of increasing nitric oxide synthesis in peritoneal, tissue MP and leukocytes under the action of AA is the main in the preventive and therapeutic effect of AA in a number of diseases, such as a sick of cold.
THE STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL AGGRESSIVENESS OF DUST OF ASBESTOSFORMED AND ASBESTOS-FREE COMPOSITIONS, BOTH IN THEIR PRODUCTION AND OPERATION
Authors: YATSENKO Alexandr Sergeevich
Published: August 2021

This manuscript provides basic information on the use of asbestos. Some physicochemical properties of the main component of serpentine asbestos (SA, 95% of all used asbestos) and the biological aggressiveness of the following are considered: dust types in the technology of creating asbestos-containing products and during their operation. Attention is also paid to the use of existing asbestos substitutes in similar products. The authors present data verifying that the incidence of asbestos-related diseases, including asbestosis of a professional and unprofessional nature, is increased, especially in the elderly, in the places of production of an SA variety – chrysotile asbestos {CA, aqueous magnesium silicate - Mg6[Si4O10](OH)8}. The authors pay particular attention to the use of CA in the production of asbestos-formed parts/products (AFP), for example, brake linings containing CA and its substitutes. It is known that such products undergo significant zonal stresses during operation. CA fibers lose hygroscopic and constitutional water (H2O = 13.04 – 14.80%) in the process of car braking due to high pressure and increased local temperature. As a result, they almost entirely turn into a non-aggressive (in the biological sense) material called forsterite. Studies of brake dust emitted during the braking of lightweight VAZ vehicles did not reveal similar transformations of СA degradation. They may occur when braking heavy vehicles with a mass of more than 2.5 tons and when braking high-speed trains with a mass of more than 60 tons.
PESTICIDES EFFECT ON THE LEVEL OF MTDNA DAMAGE IN BUMBLEBEES HEADS (BOMBUS TERRESTRIS L.)
Authors: SYROMYATNIKOV Mikhail Yurievich , GUREEV Artem Petrovich , MIKHAYLOV Evgeny Vladimirovich , PARSHIN Pavel Andreevich , POPOV Vasily Nikolaevich
Published: August 2021

Bumblebees are one of the most important pollinators for plants consumed by humans. Currently, there is a significant risk of extinction for several pollinators, including bumblebees. One of the most likely causes is the toxic effect of pesticides. The mutagenic effect of pesticides on the DNA of bumblebees has not been studied. The aim of this work was to study the genotoxicity of pesticides for DNA in Bombus terrestris heads. The authors found that if added to bumblebees’ isolated mitochondria, mitochondrial-directed pesticides caused less damage than broad-spectrum pesticides. The greatest amount of mtDNA damage was caused by adding Malathion and Difenoconazole to isolated mitochondria. Moreover, insects that consumed syrup with pesticides displayed more damage to the head than when the pesticide was added to isolated mitochondria. Malathion and Cypermethrin demonstrated significant genotoxic effects in vivo. Difenoconazole caused severe damage to mtDNA, while Deltamethrin did not have any genotoxic effect. Among mitochondria-targeted pesticides, Fenazaquin and Pyridaben demonstrated the highest genotoxicity. Chlorfenapyr, Hydramethylnone, and Tolfenpyrad did not show mtDNA genotoxicity. An increase in the number of copies of mtDNA was observed in insects that consumed sugar syrup with Deltamethrin and Tolfenpyrad. This increase is probably a compensatory effect in response to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. This study found that, in general, broad-spectrum pesticides (Difenoconazole, Deltamethrin, Esfenvalerate, Malathion, and Cypermethrin) demonstrate greater mtDNA genotoxicity in bumblebees’ heads compared with mitochondria-targeted pesticides (Fenazaquin, Chlorfenapyr, Hydramethylnon, Pyridaben, and Tolfenpyrad).
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF A SOLAR HEAT SYSTEM USING HYBRID SILVER NANOFLUID AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE.
Authors: AMORIM NETO Juarez Pompeu de , LIMA Ricardo José Pontes , ROCHA Paulo Alexandre Costa , MARINHO Felipe Pinto , SILVA Maria Eugênia Vieira da
Published: August 2021

The world population is increasingly aware of environmental issues involving our planet. In search of solutions that will contribute to the conservation of the environment, you can use the renewable energies that are in great expansion, being the use of solar energy a solution for this purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the energy absorption capacity of a hybrid silver nanofluid and titanium dioxide used for direct solar absorption in a "Solar Wall." The experiments performed were exposed for 16 hours for several days. Various concentrations were analyzed, where a concentration of 23.2 ppm titanium dioxide was set, and silver varied to 0.40625 ppm, 0.8125 ppm, 1.625 ppm, and 3.25 ppm corresponding to a 3% molar fraction. 6%, 12% and 25% respectively. An analysis of the temperature profile was made, which showed a better utilization of the sample with a 12% molar fraction that obtained a temperature gain of 8.3 ° C corresponding to a 14.9% gain. An analysis of the stored energy ratio was analyzed, observing a good response of nanofluids at the early solar incidence and a maximum stored energy for the sample of 6%. The other metric analyzed was the specific absorption rate that reached a maximum value of 0.009293 KW / g. The work showed that for the preparation of hybrid nanofluid, not always increasing the silver concentration implied better results and through temperature profile analysis and energy analysis metrics, it was concluded that a silver concentration of 0.8125 ppm together With a concentration of 23.2 ppm (6% molar fraction) better gains are obtained for the use of nanofluid in the solar wall.
APOCYNIN, AN INHIBITOR OF THE NADPH OXIDASE COMPLEX
Authors: GIONGO Camila Nascimento , LOPES Vanessa Falchetti , GRIGOLETTO Diana Fortkamp , MIRANDA Eduardo Hösel
Published: August 2021

Apocynin is a phenolic compound isolated from the plant Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. Such a compound has been extensively investigated for its therapeutic potential in diseases involving inflammatory processes or oxidative stress due to its ability to inhibit the NADPH oxidase multienzyme complex. This complex consists of two transmembrane proteins (Nox2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins (p67phox, p47phox, p40phox, and GTPase-Rac) and their activation occurs after the stimulation of phagocytic cells by the mediation of the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO). NADPH oxidase is the only enzyme complex that is intended for the production of superoxide anion that is precursor of highly oxidizing substances classified as reactive oxygen species (ROS). NADPH oxidase is an enzyme complex that produces superoxide anion from molecular oxygen. Ta the same time, the superoxide anion is a precursor to reactive oxygen species (ROS) catalyzed by enzymes.These oxidative species, when in excess, can induce burst, causing irreparable tissue damage. They can act by modifying the redox state of DNA, protein or lipid molecules, playing a central role in the development of chronic pathologies and various health complications. One can cite vascular problems, hyperglycemia, diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, among others. Apocynin, previously activated by MPO, blocks the enzyme complex and prevents the formation of these oxidative species. Therefore, the central biological function of compound is to modulate the action of NADPH oxidase, promoting a positive effect in the prevention/remediation of inflammatory diseases.
GAIN AND BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT OF RECTANGULAR PATCH MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
Authors: AL-SHAHEEN Ahmad Hashim
Published: August 2021

Microstrip antennas are very popular for sending and transmitting electromagnetic waves in many communication systems. The microstrip antenna has advantages and disadvantages, like any other antennas. There many benefits like low weight, low profile planar configuration, low costs of fabrication, and easy to connect with microwave circuits. The patch antenna is suited for applications, which are wireless communications systems, cellular phones, pagers, radar systems, and satellite communications systems. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated via HFSS. The antenna substrate, which is between the two conductors’ patch and ground plane, is Duroid of the dielectric constant of δr = 2.2 and tangent loss of tan δ = 0.0009, the dimensions are 20 mm for both length and width; the height is 1.5 mm. The patch of sizes is 16 mm and 15 mm for length and width, respectively. In this article the new technique has been introduced to enhance the gain and bandwidth of the rectangular patch microstrip antenna, a new technique is based on creating a patch as a monopole, the parametric study done by varying the parameter δ is the height of the patch concerning the substrate. The gain and bandwidth are increased when the angle between the patch edge and the substrate is increased. While the benefit increased for tilt angle up to 20° and then decreased smoothly with angle increased, the simulated results show a significant change in the gain and bandwidth comparison with traditional rectangular patch microstrip antenna. The results show an increasing tilt angle increased bandwidth and gain. This antenna can be used in the K band for wireless communication applications.
THE EFFECT OF PROJECT-BASED COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ON CONCEPT MASTERY OF MUSHROOM: THE CASE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN INDONESIA
Authors: SUKMAWATI Fatma , SETYOSARI Punaji , SULTON Sulton , PURNOMO Purnomo
Published: August 2021

Biology learning is highly recommended to be presented contextually following daily experience and phenomena. This study, a quasi-experimental research using a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design, aimed to understand the effect of project-based collaborative learning towards the concept mastery of mushrooms. The subjects of the study were 75 tenth grade of high school students in Surakarta City, Indonesia, divided into two classes: 38 students in the experimental class 37 in the control class. In the experimental class, the students were treated with project-based collaborative learning strategies. In project-based collaborative learning strategy, students were challenged to create a project on oyster mushroom cultivation (Pleurotus ostreatus) With the media garden waste such as sawdust. In the control class, the students were treated with direct instruction. The instrument used was a multiple-choice test and essay developed by researchers to measure students' concept mastery towards mushrooms. Research data were analyzed by independent sample t-test. The results found that the average n-gain score for the experimental and the control classes were 63.09% and 45.73%, respectively. Moreover, all indicators of mushroom concept mastery showed the n-gain scores for the experimental class higher than the control class. Analysis of independent sample t-test proved that the significant differences existed between direct instruction and project-based collaborative learning in improving the concept mastery of mushroom. Finally, This research concluded that project-based collaborative learning is more effective in enriching the concept mastery than direct instruction.
DIRECT ULTRASONIC SYNTHESIS OF WO3/TiO2 NANOCOMPOSITES AND APPLYING THEM IN THE PHOTODECOLORIZATION OF EOSIN YELLOW DYE
Authors: JAWAD Thaqeef Murtada , AHMED Luma Majeed
Published: August 2021

This research reported a direct, environmentally friendly, economical, and simple method of using an ultrasonic instrument as a green technique to combine WO3 with TiO2 in ratios 0.5:1, 0.25:1, and 0.16:1 as composites 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Powder X-Ray Diffraction data identified the mean crystalline sizes of the commercial WO3, commercial TiO2, and of the prepared WO3/TiO2 nanocomposites in the different ratios in ranged from 17.897 nm to 48.672 nm. AFM analysis noted the surface morphology for all studied samples is spherical. The mean crystal sizes and practical sizes for prepared composites are found to be in the nanometer range, and these values rise with the raising in the TiO2 quantity in prepared nano-composites. The incorporated of W with Ti in the matrix is successful happened; because the ionic radius of W6+ is fewer values than it for Ti4+. The band gaps values for all samples have been investigated. The band gaps of prepared nanocomposites 1, 2, 3, and TiO2 are occurred as an indirect type, while the band gap of WO3 is found as direct type. The studied samples were tested by using them as photocatalysts in the decolorization of an aqueous solution, the eosin yellow dye Edecol.%. The sequence of decoloration grows from the left to the right as: Edecol.% (composite 3) Edecol.% (WO3)
Edecol.% (TiO2)
Edecol.% (composite 2)
Edecol.% (composite 1). The activity of WO3 is inhibited with addition of H2O2 to the aqueous solution of eosin yellow dye because of the formation of peroxotungstic acid (WO3H2O2.H2O or WO2(O2)H2O.nH2O), but the modified surface by incorporation of TiO2, improves the activity hence, nano-composite 1 in the ratio of 0.5:1 is given a maximum photodecolorization efficiency of this dye and changed from 25.11% to 73.88%.
LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE AND ASHES SLAG BASED CONCRETE WITH HIGH RESIDUAL FUEL CONTENT
Authors: ZHUGINISSOV Maratbek T , ZHUMADILOVA Zhanar O
Published: August 2021

Ashes slag materials in the chemical and mineralogical composition are largely identical to natural mineral raw materials. They are a source of environmental pollution, pose a threat to public health, and a threat to the flora and fauna of the surrounding areas. Ashes slag waste contains a large amount of unburned fuel. In some ashes, the content of unburned fuel can reach 20-40%. In this case, it is advisable to use it as a raw material for the production of artificial porous aggregates. The paper presents the results of studies on the development of lightweight aggregate technology based on ashes slag with a high residual fuel content. To develop the technology of lightweight aggregate, ashes slag was used by Nova Zinc LLP (Karaganda region, Kazakhstan), in which the content of unburned coal is up to 75%. Based on ashes slag, lightweight aggregates were obtained using burning and non-burning technologies. By roasting (burning) technology, aggregates were obtained by burning at a temperature of 1000 and 1100 °C. The aggregates obtained have a bulk density of 395-687 kg/m3 and a compressive strength in the cylinder of 0.5-2.4 MPa. By non-burning technology Portland cement M400 was used as an astringent. After hardening, the aggregates have a bulk density of 400-600 kg/m3 and a 679 compressive strength of 0.65-1.5 MPa in the cylinder. Samples of light concrete with a density of 1200 and 1700 kg/m3, a compressive strength of 80 (B5) and 120 kg/cm2 (B7.5), and thermal conductivity coefficients of 0.43 and 0.67 W/mоС were obtained on the basis of the non-fired light aggregate, respectively. Lightweight aggregate and lightweight concrete in their functional properties meet the requirements of regulatory documents.
SPECIFICS OF WELL KILLING TECHNOLOGY DURING WELL SERVICE OPERATION IN COMPLICATED CONDITIONS
Authors: MARDASHOV Dmitry , ISLAMOV Shamil , NEFEDOV Yury
Published: August 2021

The process of the well killing operations in the oil and gas condensate field in Volga-Ural province is complicated due to several conditions like fractured carbonate reservoir, abnormally low reservoir pressure, high gas-oil ratio, high hydrogen sulfide content, acid fracturing, and hydrochloric acid treatments requirement. During the well killing process, significant gas breakthroughs and fluid loss are observed in this field, which requires significant usage of blocking compositions (up to 50-100 m3 per single well) and increases the well service costs. The aim of this work was to increase the well killing efficiency during well service by studying the mechanisms that take place near the wellbore zone during this process. The application of statistical and multifactor analysis of well-killing processes were conducted from 2018 to 2019, which allowed highlighting the main reasons for the low success of these works. The calculation results showed that the stress state near the well significantly differs from the regional stress field and varies depending on the generated pressure in the well, which in turn affects the activity of fractures near the wellbore. The revealed mechanisms that take place near the wellbore zone coupled with the laboratory and pilot tests of the blocking compositions can be used to improve the well service operations at the oil and gas condensate field in the Volga-Ural province. In this work, it was concluded that it is important to use the geomechanical approach to increase the well killing efficiency in combination with a complex of laboratory rheological and filtration tests of blocking compositions.
CCCM SPECIFIC SURFACE ESTIMATION IN PROCESS OF LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION
Authors: POGODIN Veniamin A , ASTAPOV Alexey N , RABINSKIY Lev N
Published: August 2021

The low-temperature oxidation process of carbon-carbon composite materials (CCCM) with a pyrocarbon matrix has been examined. Oxidation at temperatures of 450 to 700 °C is characterized by internal burnout of the carbon phase without a noticeable change in the experimental samples external volume. Oxidation resistance analysis of CCCM structural components was performed. CCCM and carbon fibers specific surface area were estimated by the low-temperature adsorption of nitrogen and krypton using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller model and the theory of density functional model. Pore size distribution was
calculated by the semi-empirical Horvath-Kawazoe method. A significant increase (about 10-15 times) in specific surface area of the composite material, together with a rise in free volume ~5%, was accompanied by total weight loss of about 5%. Specific surface area changes occur as a result of anisotropic etching of carbon fibers surface with the formation of micropores with 0.5–2.0 nm diameter range. Although macropores are formed mainly due to the oxidation of thermosetting binder pyrolysis residue, they do not contribute to the specific surface increase but solely provide access to micropores. Microporosity evolution leads to an increase of structural discontinuity degree and, ultimately, to the loss of matrix-filler contact boundary. As a result, an overall weakening of material mechanical characteristics is to be noted. Thus, oxidative degradation is closely related to the increase in void space. A follow-up study is on-going. In fact, an open question remains, namely whether the oxidative process occurs differently in the micropores of diameter less than 2 nm and how it may contribute to the oxidative stress resistance behavior of CCCM.
RAW MATERIAL BASE OF HARD-TO-EXTRACT OIL RESERVES OF RUSSIA
Authors: PRISCHEPA Oleg M , NEFEDOV Yury V , KOCHNEVA Olga E
Published: August 2021

The estimation of the share of hard-to-extract oil reserves in the deposits of Russia varies by different sources, in a fairly wide range (from 30 to 70 %). Due to the absence of a common approach to their definition, the variety of parameters used to estimate this share and fundamentally different conditions for the development of the groups of reserves classified as hard-to-extract become challanging. A significant share of the proven oil reserves of Russian oil fields - about 34 % (6.3 million tons) - belongs to heavy (oil density more than 0.871 g/cm3) and super-heavy (oil density more than 0.895 g/cm3). In general, the share of high-viscosity and super-highviscosity oils is about 13% (2.4 million tons). The largest share refers to the deposits of three districts. In lowpermeable collectors (permeability less than 0.05 μm2), huge reserves are concentrated – 8.2 million tons or 44.6 % of all oil. Comparison of oil extraction and reserves structure indicates a good correlation for oil extraction from low-permeable collectors in 41.8 % with reserves percentage in 44.6 % as well as a relatively good correlation in super-heavy oil in 13.4% with reserves percentage in 18 % and low rates for super-high-viscosity oil in 1.7% with reserves perecentage in 6 %. Significant proven reserves of high-viscosity oil in Russia indicate the possibility of increasing production with the introduction of modern, existing and proven, technologies under appropriate economic conditions. Full-scale involvement in the development of only the largest deposits of high-viscosity oil would allow the Russian Federation to produce at least 25-30 million tons in the medium term.
THE FEATURES OF DEFORMATION AND DESTRUCTION OF POROUS DIATOMITEBASED CERAMICS
Authors: SKVORTSOV Arkadiy A , LUKYANOV Mikhail N , SKVORTSOVA Anna A
Published: August 2021

The experimental and theoretical investigations of mechanical properties of porous materials are one of the priority areas of development of condensed matter physics. Diatomite ceramics can serve as a raw material for structural heat and sound insulating materials and additives to some types of cement, as a polisher for metals and marble. Diatomite-based ceramics are also used for thermal insulation in aluminum production. The foamdiatomite ceramics is a promising porous material. But the properties of diatomite ceramics are not well studied, which determines the relevance of the study. The main task of the present work is the investigation of porosity and elastic moduli of diatomite ceramics, as well as the effect of thermal treatment on its physical-mechanical properties. The work deals with studying mechanical properties of porous ceramics based on diatomite – asedimentary rock composed predominantly of shells with micro- and nanopores of 50 to 500 µm. From the results of studying the microstructure of porous diatomite-based ceramics, the average porosity of samples (~50%) was determined, and the values of static (35 to 45 GP?) and dynamic (0.3 to 0.8 GP?) elastic moduli were experimentally measured. It was found that the values of elastic moduli decrease as material porosity increases. The experiment showed that the elastic modulus of the considered high-porous material was two orders of magnitude less than that of the crystalline one.
THE STUDY OF THE DEPENDENCE OF THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GELFORMING COMPOSITIONS ON THE CRACK OPENING WHEN MODELING THEIR FLOW ON A ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER
Authors: SHAGIAKHMETOV Artem Maratovich , PODOPRIGORA Dmitry Georgievich , TERLEEV Andrey Victorovich
Published: August 2021

The current period of oil production is characterized by the deterioration of the structure of oil reserves because of high water cut of the product and low oil production rates. To reduce the increased water cut, repair and insulation works are often performed. This implies in the injection of cross-linked polymer systems or the treatment of the bottom hole formation zone with polymer-gel systems. This problem is especially relevant for fractured reservoirs, which are often represented by carbonate rocks. This article is devoted to the study of the dependence of the rheological properties of gel-forming compositions on the crack opening in carbonate reservoirs. The relevance of the work relies on the rapid involvement in the development of oil fields with carbonate reservoirs which is complicated by a large number of cracks of various sizes. The types of fractured reservoirs, the development features of each type, as well as complications in the hydrocarbon production from the fracturedpore structure of the reservoir were described. The research also pointed methods and technologies for limiting water flow in cracks or pores of high permeability. The rheological properties of fluids when moving inside pores and cracks were reported. The dependence of changes in the rheological properties of the composition for limiting water inflow based on carboxymethylcellulose on the size of pores, caverns and cracks were presented. The physics of movement and formation of gel inside the fractured reservoirs, which will allow predicting changes in the gel formation time and plastic strength for each object individually was described. According to this study, it is possible to use the features of the rheological properties of gel-forming compositions to increase the efficiency of the use of water-proofing technologies for producing wells, or to align the injectivity profile of injection wells.
Ground Water Use Near an Open Dumpsite in a Peri-urban Community
Authors: Mokuolu O.A. , Olaniyi I. , Iji J.O.
Published: August 2021

Quality of groundwater used for drinking and domestic purposes near an open dumpsite was investigated. Groundwater parameters for wells GW1, GW2, GW3 and GW4 were analysed and their values were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality
(NSDWQ). Physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis were carried out to determine the quality. Parameters analysed include; Temperature, Turbidity, Total Hardness, pH, Alkalinity, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Total Solids, Magnesium, E-coli, Calcium,
Nitrate, BOD, COD, DO, Chloride, Sulphate, Iron, Manganese and Lead. The results indicated that all parameters except turbidity, iron and lead were within the standards, all samples showed high concentration of iron and lead while GW1, GW2 and GW3 showed high Turbidity. The study concluded
that groundwater situated around the dumpsite is unfit for drinking purposes. An engineered landfill located away from residential community was recommended.
Renewable Plant Waste As Substrates for Enzyme Production, Saccharification and Direct Bioethanol Production by Indigenous Yeast Strain Pichia Exigua
Authors: Amadi O.C. , Mbaeke C.C. , Nwagu T.N. , Nnamchi C.I. , Ndubuisi I.A. , Okpala G. , Moneke A.N. , Agu R.C. , Okolo B.N.
Published: August 2021

Renewable plant wastes constitute environmental nuisance. Their conversion by enzymes into bioethanol can be beneficial. We investigated the use of renewable plant waste as substrate for enzyme production and hydrolysis of the plant waste for ethanol production using an indigenous yeast
strain. Five yeast strains; MCC-1, MCC-2, MCC-3, MCC-4 and MCC-5 were evaluated for production of sugars, α-amylase, glucoamylase and bioethanol using soluble starch. Phylogenetic analysis using partial sequence of the ITS gene classified MCC-4 as Pichia exigua. Proximate composition
of plant wastes – cassava, wild yam, mango seed, udara seed and breadfruit were determined. Results showed total carbohydrate of (83.9%) for cassava flour. The ability of yeast to utilize these substrates and the effect of culture conditions (inoculum, pH, nitrogen source and substrate
concentration) were also determined. Cassava pulp flour was the best substrate producing reducing sugar (1.471 ± 0.056mg/mL), α-amylase (0.573 ± 0.019U/mL), glucoamylase (1.605 ± 0.119U/mL), and ethanol (4.440 ± 0.014g/L). Culture conditions revealed optimum
for inoculum concentration as (1mL), pH (4), nitrogen source (soya bean, 3g/L) and substrate concentration of (8%). Pichia exigua (MCC-4) a natural yeast strain isolated from the soil has the potential for both enzyme and ethanol production in a single step process.
Teoria pedagogiczna w perspektywie potrzeb i oczekiwań edukacyjnych
Authors: Błażejewski Wojciech , Błażejewski Grzegorz
Published: August 2021

W artykule zaprezentowano rozważania na temat roli i współczesnych wyzwań pedagogiki w aspekcie funkcji pełnionych przez badania naukowe oraz dynamicznych zmian zachodzących w życiu społecznych. Pogłębiona refleksja nad jej obecną kondycją skłania do postawienia istotnego dla teraźniejszości i przyszłości pytania o to, czy pedagogika jako dyscyplina naukowa jest w stanie zmierzyć się z powszechnymi oczekiwaniami dotyczącymi skuteczności i jakości wychowania młodych pokoleń narażonych na liczne, nowe zagrożenia cywilizacyjne.
Výskumná sonda sociálneho začlenenia vylúčených rómskych rodín v meste hnúšťa
Authors: Oláh Michal , Oláh Lubomír
Published: August 2021

Základnými inštrumentmi sociálnej práce v sociálne vylúčených koɨ munitách Rómov (SVKR) sú primárne dáta a pravdivé veľmi konkrétne terénne údaje, umožňujúce po vhodnom spracovaní charakterizovať sledovanú skupinu obyvateľstva a prijímať rozhodnutia. Odborná verejnosť sa už viac-menej zhodla na štyroch najdôležitejších oblastiach nevyhnutného terénneho prieh skumu pri zisťovaní základných charakteristík SVKR pri ich značnej časovej i regionálnej variabilite a dynamike:

Rodina a bývanie

Ekonomický status a vzdelávanie

Zdravotný stav

Stupeň sociálneho začlenenia a integrácie

Predložený príspevok sa zaoberá niektorými metodologickými otázkami zberu terénnych dát. Vysoký stupeň univerzálnosti navrhnutých postupov a zásad je demonštrovaný v reálnom teréne aplikovaním na konkrétnu komunitu mestského rozptýleného typu v meste Hnúšťa pre 4. Oblasť – stupeň sociálneho začlenenia a integrácie.
Rodič ako člen interdisciplinárneho tímu v komplexnej podpore žiaka s ťažkým a viacnásobným postihnutím z pohľadu odborníkov
Authors: Hrčová Jana
Published: August 2021

Žiaci s ťažkým a viacnásobným postihnutím majú komplexné potreeby a preto pre ich efektívnu podporu je nevyhnutná tímová spolupráca odborníkov. Neodmysliteľnou súčasťou tímu by mali byť aj rodičia týchto žiakov. Predkladaný text sa zameriava práve na postavenie rodiča v tíme v rámci komplexnej podpory svojho dieťaťa, jeho prínos a vnímanie z pohľadu ostatných členov tímu. Prezentuje čiastkové výsledky kvalitatívneho výskumného šetrenia realizované prostredníctvom pološtrukturovaných rozhovorov zameraných na interdisciplinárnu spoluprácu.
New York City’s Brownfield Redevelopment Program: Economic Catalyst or Taxpayer Giveaway?
Authors: Gordon Tatyiana
Published: August 2021

The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and the New York City Office of Environmental Remediation (OER) manage and coordinate brownfield cleanup programs. These are intended to promote environmental restoration and redevelopment of underutilized or abandoned properties that have been affected by the presence or discharges of oil or hazardous substances. This paper seeks to determine whether these programs have achieved the goals and objectives sought by decision makers and if the cost of those achievements in terms of public money subsidies and forgone tax revenue have been commensurate with the realized benefits.The DEC brownfield program offers financial incentives, such as tax credits, as well as regulatory benefits (limited liability protections) to promote alternatives to greenfield development. OER efforts are New York City centric with incentives divided into three sectors: procedural, legal, and financial with a major goal of reducing remedial (cleanup) timeframes. To evaluate the effectiveness of the New York City Brownfield program changes in property values over time were evaluated. The five New York City counties experiencing the two highest percent increases in property values also claimed the highest brownfield credits. Queens and Brooklyn received most brownfield credits during this period but also experienced the most redevelopment. These and other data illustrate a return on the brownfield investment (ROBI) credit of about one to six; or one dollar in brownfield credit stimulating six dollars in project spending. New York City counties’ ROBI is consistent with all other New York State County ROBI’s: roughly six dollars in redevelopment activity being stimulated by one dollar in brownfield credit. The roughly $6 ROBI presented here is similar to ROI’s for other public services such as disease prevention and incarceration intervention.
The Knowledge and Attitudes of Nursing Senior Students Regarding Traditional and Complementary Medicine
Authors: ÖZŞAKER Esma
Published: August 2021

Objective: This study aimed to examine the knowledge and attitudes of nursing senior students regarding traditional and complementary medicine.
Material and Method: This descriptive study was conducted with 224 senior students attending a nursing faculty. Data were collected with the Student Identification Form and Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire (HCAMQ).
Results: The most well-known methods among the students were music therapy (94.6%), acupuncture (93.3%), hypnosis (92.4%), and leech therapy (82.6%), respectively. It was determined that 82.1% of the students believed the effectiveness of traditional and complementary medicine practices, 74.4% of them wanted to take traditional and complementary medicine practices as a separate course in the school. The HCAMQ mean total score was 30.87±4.83.
Conclusion: It was found that nursing students' attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine were positive and moderate.
MRET treated water as a tool to mitigate mRNA jab side effects: A review
Authors: Igor Smirnov
Published: August 2021

The viral RNA (ribonucleic acid) was found in virtually every organ in the body, which means the spike proteins as well. There are antibodies (like the “vaccine” is supposed to create) but they’re irrelevant because, based on a study from Japan, we now know that the spike S1 protein is what does the damage. That means the spike proteins created by the mRNA will be in every organ as well, and we now know it is the spike proteins that do the damage. Another significant mRNA jab side effect was found by Israeli researchers. They discovered a link between Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine and a rare blood disease called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Any formation of proteins depends on Van der Waals interactions. The Van der Waals forces depend in its turn on dielectric property of the protein molecules and water since all biochemistry needs water environment. It is practically impossible to change dielectric property/electrical charge of the proteins, but it is quite easy to modify dielectric property of water. There are research data indicating relation between dielectric constant of the human body tissue (TDC) and temperature: 35° C - 74.9 F/m (TDC) and 40° C - 73.2 F/m (TDC). It shows that normal homeostasis of the human body is allowed at certain range of electrodynamic van der Walls interactions following the small range of tissue dielectric property about 75 - 73 F/m. It allows us to suggest that dielectric property of human body tissue is very important physiological parameter. Considering mentioned above ideas, it allows us to hypothesize that most of biochemical proteins building mechanisms in a healthy human body require certain physiological range “window” of van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding between proteins molecules and water - salt medium. In theory, this physiological “window” of van der Waals weak electromagnetic forces may be significantly different from the range of electrodynamic van der Waals interactions required for life sustains formations of DNA/RNA proteins of viruses. Thus, modification of water - based medium electrodynamic parameters of the human tissues that are favorable for the homeostasis of the body (in the range of physiological “window”) can lead to significant change of van der Walls interactions and hydrogen bonding that may result in the inhibition and interruption of proper formation of spike proteins chains. Such scenario obviously disables coronavirus life sequence of attachment and fusion with human cell membranes. We suggest such agent which can interrupt pathogenic microorganism’s life sequence is MRET (Molecular Resonance Effect technology) water with anomalous electrodynamic characteristics. MRET water can be consumed on the regular basis by human subjects to prevent infections of pathogenic microorganisms.
民事執行處VS討債公司
Authors: 施慶堂 施慶堂
Published: August 2021

受命法官問被告：檢察官起訴你們結夥3人共同強盜有何答辯？被告A、B、C都稱：我們否認強盜，其餘請辯護人代為回答。辯護人則稱：被告3人把被害人押到山上討債，妨害自由的犯行我們承認，但是，被害人當場交給被告的2萬元是被害人主動拿出來的，被告沒有使用強暴脅迫手段讓被害人交付這2萬元，而且，這2萬元是被告受託催討50萬元債權金額的一部分，被告沒有不法所有意圖，不應成立強盜罪。
Study on Uroliths Composition in Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Ijazur , Khan Humayun , Farooq Ahmad , Mahmood Arshid , Din Qazi Ali Mohayud , Habib Bilal
Published: August 2021

Background: Identification of risk factors for urolith stones formed in the urinary tract could help in preventing the recurrence. Urolith stones analysis utilized modern technology which is unfortunately not done in Pakistan on a routine basis. Development of renal failure may occur due to complications and urinary tract affected by uroliths. Objective: The current study aims to determine the composition of urolith stones seen in patients admitted in single Centre in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on urolithstones composition surgically removed through minimum access procedure at Urology department of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad for period of six months from October 2020 to March 2021. Urinary stones composition was measured through qualitative tests such as infrared and crystallography spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 82 patients with mean age ± SD 45.3±11.7 years having urinary stones were investigated in this cross-sectional study. Male to female ratio was 1.9:1. Male patients (54) (65.85%) were dominant over females (28) (34.15%) in term of stones removal. A high occurrence for urinary stones was bladder or upper urinary tract (81.6%) irrespective of their gender. Calcium containing stones were predominant in ureter, urethra and renal followed by struvite stones (56.8%). Two-third stones in struvite stones were in lower tract while uric acid, calcium phosphates and calcium oxalate were found in upper tract. Calcium oxalate account for 92.60% with mixed composition stones. Conclusion: Our study concluded that the majority of uroliths constitute calcium oxalate or phosphates and struvite stones in our setting. Uroliths formation is caused by urinary tract infection as indicated in our study. Calcium oxalate was the most common among these stones. Struvite stones were the least common one. The prevalence of stones was dominant in male patients compared to female patients. The anatomical location for calcium oxalate and struvite stones was lower tract and bladder respectively. Keywords: Uroliths, Composition, Calcium oxalate, Struvite stone