bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INCIDENCE OF RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE INJURY IN HEMI THYROIDECTOMY AND TOTAL THYROIDECTOMY AT JPMC KARACHI
Authors: Ali Zulfiqar , Mehmood Zahid , Yasir Mengal Muhammad , Kanwal  , Nabeel Muhammad , Parial Shahani Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Background: Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is a significant complication of thyroid surgery, affecting essential functions like speech and breathing. Damage to the RLN can lead to hoarseness, speaking difficulties, and respiratory issues, impacting patients' quality of life. Total thyroidectomy and hemi-thyroidectomy are common surgical approaches for managing thyroid disorders, but their associated risks for RLN injury require careful evaluation to guide clinical decision-making.
Objective: To determine the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and compare its frequency in hemi-thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the surgical ward of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi. A total of 158 patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups: Group I (n=79) underwent hemi-thyroidectomy, and Group II (n=79) underwent total thyroidectomy. Data on sociodemographic details, presenting complaints, preoperative FNAC reports, comorbidities, indications for surgery, and operative procedures were collected from hospital records and recorded on a predesigned questionnaire. Surgical outcomes and the incidence of RLN injury were evaluated.
Results: In Group I, the mean age was 34.2 ± 4.89 years, mean BMI was 26.12 ± 2.74 kg/m², mean nodular size was 2.11 ± 0.85 cm, and mean surgery duration was 52.32 ± 12.21 minutes. In Group II, the mean age was 41.11 ± 6.34 years, mean BMI was 27.23 ± 2.88 kg/m², mean nodular size was 2.43 ± 0.94 cm, and mean surgery duration was 72.34 ± 19.75 minutes. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury occurred in 6 patients (7.59%) in Group I and 9 patients (11.39%) in Group II.
Conclusion: Both hemi-thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy are effective and safe surgical approaches for thyroid gland removal, with comparable risks of transient RLN injury when performed by experienced surgeons.
EXPLORATION OF PERCEIVED FEARS AMONG HAEMOPHILIA PATIENTS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Shakir Wajeeha , Naz Hafsa Saba Zer
Published: December 2024

Background: Haemophilia is a chronic genetic disorder characterized by impaired blood clotting, leading to recurrent bleeding episodes that significantly impact physical and psychological well-being. Patients often face various challenges, including social restrictions, stigma, and identity challenges, which give rise to different fears. These fears can affect their quality of life, mental health, and ability to perform daily activities. Limited research has explored the perceived fears of haemophilia patients, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan, where healthcare resources and awareness are constrained.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the perceived fears of haemophilia patients in Pakistan, evaluate their causes and effects on various life domains, and assess the pathways they adopt to cope with internal bleeding episodes using the fear-avoidance model.
Methods: A qualitative study design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews based on pre-developed interview guidelines. A total of 28 participants, including 20 males and 8 females aged 14 to 35 years, were recruited through snowball and convenience sampling techniques. The participants were from Rawalpindi, Lahore, Raiwind, Bahawalnagar, Gujranwala, and Hafizabad. Data collection continued until saturation was achieved, and thematic analysis was conducted following Byrne's guidelines (2021). Themes and subthemes were developed using QSR Nvivo 10 software. The fear-avoidance model was applied to assess the pathways adapted by patients during internal bleeding episodes.
Results: The study identified several fears among haemophilia patients, including fear of bleeding (6/28), rejection (4/28), injury (4/28), pain (3/28), disability (2/28), and death (2/28). Fear of treatment, illness, emotional trauma, losing social roles, and discrimination or stigma were also reported. Patients commonly employed avoidance as a coping mechanism, leading to negative consequences such as psychological distress, isolation, and disability. The findings highlighted the significant physical and mental challenges faced by patients, including social restrictions, dependence, and identity struggles.
Conclusion: Haemophilia patients in Pakistan face multifaceted challenges that give rise to various perceived fears, profoundly impacting their physical, psychological, and social well-being. The study emphasized the importance of addressing these fears through improved healthcare strategies, awareness programs, and supportive interventions to enhance the quality of life for haemophilia patients.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF IMMUNOMODULATORY DRUGS IN PREVENTING SECONDARY INFECTIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Khan Sher Alam , Usman Ayesha , Zahoor Islam  , Fatima Rida , Sajid Irum , Sadiq M.Abbas , Saleem Ayesha , Aziz Ishfaq
Published: December 2024

Background: Immunocompromised patients face heightened risks of secondary infections due to weakened immune defenses, often exacerbated by immunomodulatory drugs (IMDs). While IMDs are essential for managing conditions like cancer, autoimmune diseases, and transplant care, their use necessitates careful infection prevention strategies.
Objective; This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the mechanisms, benefits, and risks of IMDs, explore their integration with prophylactic strategies, and highlight emerging approaches for infection prevention.
Methods: A narrative review of recent literature was conducted, focusing on the roles of IMDs, associated infection risks, vaccination strategies, and novel approaches like trained immunity.
Findings: The findings emphasize the importance of personalized infection prevention, including pre-treatment vaccinations, tailored chemoprophylaxis, and immune monitoring. Emerging therapies, such as Toll-like receptor agonists, show potential for enhancing innate immunity. Despite advancements, challenges persist in balancing efficacy with infection risks, particularly during long-term IMD use.
Conclusion: Immunomodulatory drugs represent a dual-edged sword, requiring a multidisciplinary approach to optimize benefits and mitigate infection risks. Future research should address knowledge gaps related to long-term effects, optimal prophylactic strategies, and innovative immunomodulatory applications.
Kürâunneml’in el-Münecced fi’l-luġa’da İstişhâd Ettiği Âyetler
Authors: Savaş Şeyma , Ege Ramazan
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada, Kürâunneml’in el-Münecced fi’l-luġa isimli müşterek lafız sözlüğünde şevâhid olarak yer verdiği âyetler ve bu âyetleri hangi anlamlara nasıl istişhâd ettiği incelenecektir. Arap dili çalışmalarında kullanılan temel yöntemlerden biri olan istişhâd, Arap şiiri, Kur'ân âyetleri, hadisler ve diğer güvenilir dil kaynaklarından örnekler getirerek dil kurallarının ve anlamın tespit edilip doğrulanması işlevini görmektedir. Kur'ân-ı Kerîm, lafzı ve mânâsı ile mütevâtir oluşu; yazılı olarak kayıt altına alınmış olması sebebiyle son derece güvenilir bir istişhâd kaynağı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu nedenle Arap dili ilimlerinde dilciler tarafından Kur’ân âyetlerine istişhâd amaçlı sıklıkla başvurulmuştur. Eserlerinde Kur’ân âyetlerine şevâhid olarak yer veren dilcilerden biri de hicrî 3. yüzyıl sonlarında Mısır'da yaşamış ve sözlük bilimi alanında eserler vermiş bir dilci olan Kürâunneml’dir. (ö. 310/922) Onun günümüze ulaşmış üç eserinden biri olan el-Münecced fi’l-luġa, müşterek lafızlar hakkında yazılmış en eski ve kapsamlı sözlüklerden biridir. Müellifin sözlükte yer verdiği Kur’ân âyetlerinin sayısı 33’tür. Kürâʿ, genellikle âyetlerin sadece konuyla ilgili kısımlarını alıntılamış, bazen de âyette geçen kelimenin daha az bilinen anlamlarını şâhid olarak seçmiştir. Ayrıca müellif, birden fazla şâhide başvurduğunda her zaman önce âyeti zikretmiştir. Eserde şevâhid olarak yaklaşık 700 yerde Arap şiiri kullanıldığı; buna karşın Kur’ân âyetlerinin sayısının daha sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak bu durum, Kur’ân âyetlerinin müellife göre şevâhid olarak hiyerarşik açıdan daha alt seviyede olduğu anlamına gelmemektedir. Kürâunneml’in el-Münecced fi’l-luġa’da Kur’ân âyetlerine şevâhid olarak daha az yer vermesinin sebebinin, Kur’ân’ın istişhâd için daha az güvenilir olması değil; Arap şiirinin âyet sayısı sınırlı olan Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’e göre nicelik açısından daha geniş bir örneklem sunması olduğu söylenebilir.
An Examination of the Brand Attitudes of Faculty of Sports Sciences Students Towards Sports Products
Authors: Kaya Bayram
Published: December 2024

Branding dates back to ancient times, with early civilizations like the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Chinese sealing items to signify ownership and quality. The modern concept of branding emerged after the Industrial Revolution, as increased population and consumption transformed markets, leading to more retailers. Manufacturers began naming products, securing patents, and using advertising to support their brands. Recently, sports have become crucial for a balanced and healthy lifestyle, preparing individuals psychologically and physiologically. As a global phenomenon, sports gain popularity based on societies' socio-economic conditions and contribute significantly to branding. This study examines the brand attitudes of Ardahan University Faculty of Sports Sciences students toward sports products, considering factors such as gender, age, academic year, licensed athlete status, family income, and annual spending on sports products. The descriptive survey model was employed, with 140 randomly selected students participating. The Brand Attitude Scale (BAS), developed by Polat et al. (2008), was used to assess students’ attitudes. Results showed that brand preferences were influenced by advertisements, prices, product features, logos, and comfort needs. Local products were often favored, indicating conscious selection and habits shaped by advertising and logo preferences.
Sport, Business, and Sustainability: Trends and Insights from Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Alma Melek Nur
Published: December 2024

Environmental concerns have increasingly influenced global attention, with both national and international institutions working to address and mitigate their impact. As businesses are central to economic systems, their relationship with environmental sustainability has become a key area of study, particularly within the context of sports. This paper explores the intersection of business, sports, and environmental issues, investigating how these fields have been examined in academic research over time. Using bibliometric analysis, the study identifies key trends, prominent sources, and influential works in this growing area of research. The findings reveal a significant rise in publications over recent years, particularly in the past few years, indicating a strong and increasing focus on sustainable practices in the sports industry. Additionally, the study highlights the dominant role of certain countries and academic institutions in contributing to this field.
WHAT THE POLICE CAN AND CANNOT DO
Authors: Jovičić Dragomir
Published: December 2024

The role of the police in protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens represents a special challenge. In order to uphold the rule of law in a democratic society, those entrusted with preserving order in society must also be held accountable to the law. Every day, police officers are human rights defenders in the truest sense of the word, but in order to fulfill their duties and tasks they often have to violate the rights of those whose actions violate the rights of others. The challenge of striking the necessary balance between police powers and the rights and freedoms of citizens is not new. It is often expressed in terms of accountability, legitimately raising the age-old question – who will watch the watchmen? The subject of this paper is to clarify the relationship of the police to their powers in terms of determining what the police can and cannot do. The aim of the paper is to highlight that only lawful exercise of police powers is correct and only if police officers apply them in that way they will not be under scrutiny for accountability, at the same time creating a positive attitude among citizens towards the police as an organization.
CYBERNETIC AND SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO THE SYSTEM
Authors: Matijašević Darko
Published: December 2024

In the article, the system is approached primarily from a cybernetic and scientific management approach. The aspect of connecting the abstracted theoretical and instrumental approach and the importance of cybernetics as a science in the advancement and development of the general science of systems and its applicability in a wide spectrum is given. Comparison, classification of systems, giving essential features of the system, goal, functions, structure, processes, inputs, outputs, results, management, environment are also presented. Complex systems, complicated systems with their own specificity, as well as the cybernetic approach to modeling the management of such systems are also presented. Likewise, the article relates the organization to the essential features of the system. The article uses compilations, comparisons, theoretical approaches of domestic and foreign scientists, from the aspect of organizational science. Works are used and certain comparisons are made, in relation to Brekić J., Kavran D., Rajkov M., Viner N., Deželjin J., Srića V., Marković M., Luhman N., Ćamilović S., Dugin A. , Smith A., Marshall A., Fayol H., Taylor C., Weber M., Pusic E..
ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛНА АРХИТЕКТУРА БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ И МОГУЋНОСТИ ЊЕНОГ РЕДИЗАЈНА – КОНСОЦИЈАЦИЈСКИ И ФЕДЕРАЛНИ ПРИСТУП
Authors: Симовић Владе
Published: December 2024

Институционална архитектура Босне и Херцеговине и мо- гућности њеног редизајна предмет су бројних политичких и теоријских расправа и иницијатива. Посљедица тога је чињеница да је од 1995. године до данас, извршен низ политич- ко-системских промјена и политичких експеримената. Оне су најчешће биле производ иностраног интервенционизма оличе- ног у дјеловању високих представника. Високи представници су мимо својих дејтонских надлежности, а силом моћи Савје- та за имплементацију мира, смјењивали легитимно изабране представнике и доносили законе умјесто парламената. Тиме су обесмишљени Устав и демократија у Босни и Херцеговини, а завађене нације додатно подијељене и фрустриране. Договор национално-партијских елита у Босни и Херцеговини око ус- тавних измјена и одласка високог представника најважнији је политички приоритет. Међутим, иницијативе национал- но-паријских елита за политичко-системским редизајном Босне и Херцеговине су потпуно супротне. Бошњачке партије и грађански оријентисани кругови заговарају центрипетална рјешења, док су српске и хрватске елите заговорници центри- фугалног политичког система. Теза овог рада је да је у услови- ма подијељеног и постконфликтног друштва Босне и Херцего- вине потребно прихватити центрифугалну консоцијацијски обликовану федерацију која је умногоме дефинисана у Дејтону, уз рационалне измјене које ће довести до стабилнијег и функ- ционалнијег система. Искуства држава са сличним институ- ционалним оквирима попут Белгије и Швајцарске показују да се досљедна примјена консоцијацијске логике и федерализма може показати изузетно успјешном.
ШТА ПОЛИЦИЈА СМИЈЕ, А ШТА НЕ СМИЈЕ
Authors: Јовичић Драгомир
Published: December 2024

Улога полиције у заштити права и слобода грађана представља посебан изазов. Да би се у једном демократском друштву подржала владавина права, и они којима је повјерен задатак очувања реда у друштву, морају и сами бити предмет одговорности пред законом. Полицијски службеници су свакодневно у правом смислу ријечи заштитници људских права, али да би реализовали своје послове и задатке, они неријетко морају да прекрше права оних који својим радњама крше права других. Проблем успостављања потребне равнотеже између полицијских овлашћења и права и слобода грађана није нов. А он се често изражава у смислу одговорности, па се оправдано поставља једно старо питање – ко ће стражарити над стражарима? Предмет овог рада јесте разјашњавање односа полиције према својим овлашћењима у смислу утврђивања шта то полиција смије, а шта не смије радити? А циљ рада јесте да укажемо на то да је само законито вршење полицијских овлашћења исправно и једино ако их полицијски службеници примјењују на тај начин неће бити под лупом одговорности, а истовремено ће створити код грађана позитиван став према полицији као организацији.
VRŠNJAČKO NASILJE I BEZBJEDNOST U ŠKOLAMA – OSVRT NA REPUBLIKU SRPSKU
Authors: Lalić Velibor , Lipovac Milan
Published: December 2024

Vršnjačko nasilje i bezbjednost u školi oduvijek su bile aktuelne teme u društvu. Nakon tragedije koja se desila u Osnovnoj školi „Vladislav Ribnikar“ u Beogradu ta pitanja su dobila poseban značaj i veliku pažlju javnosti. Gubici života nevine djece povod su preispitivanja dosadašnjih praksi u školama u vezi sa bezbjednosti u školama. Cilj ovog rada je da se analiziraju problemi u vezi sa vršnjačkim nasiljem u Republici Srpskoj. Nakon toga autori se bave pitanjem bezbjednosti škola u širem kontekstu i na kraju razmatraju opravdanost obrazovanja učenika iz oblasti bezbjednosne kulture u osnovnim i srednjim školama u Republici Srpskoj .
The Temporality of the Official Discourse of the Russian government (2012-2022): grammatical vs semantic dimension
Authors: Nikolaev Ilya Viktorovich
Published: December 2024

The article examines the phenomenon of temporality of political discourse, which is understood as a specific configuration of grammatical and semantic markers of referring to the past, present and future. The object of the study is the official political discourse of the Russian government in the period 2012-2022. The subject of the study is the patterns of the use of time markers in the official discourse of state power. The empirical basis of the research is the messages of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly, as well as solemn speeches dedicated to the celebration of Victory Day, National Unity Day and New Year. Special attention is paid in the article to the connection of the temporal characteristics of discourse with the historical policy of state power. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary synthesis of linguistic and semiotic approaches. The measurement of temporality in the discourse of power is carried out at three levels: grammatical (the ratio of the tense forms of verbs), lexical (symbolic words referring to the past and future), semantic (semantic content of images of the past and future). Variations of quantitative and qualitative content analysis are applied at each level. The main conclusions of the study include the following provisions. Firstly, the official discourse of the Russian government in the period 2012-2022 is timeless and fixated on reproducing the present. Secondly, the key tool for this reproduction should be considered stretching the time continuum of the present from the recent past as a measurable actual result of government activities to the near future, known from already formed work and budgeting plans. Thirdly, despite the dominance of references to the future at the grammatical level, the past is semantically more significant and structured. Fourthly, the main reference historical period for the discourse of power is the post-war Soviet period, which corresponds to the current public demand. The novelty of the research lies in the application of an approach to the phenomenon of temporality, which allows us to take into account not only the manifestations of historical politics, but also to identify its correspondence to temporal orientation at the grammatical and lexical level. The study differentiates the natural orientation in time from the mythologized study of the past, placing it in a continuum of understanding the development of society by the Russian government.
A Physical Model of Quantum Bit Behavior Based on a Programmable FPGA Integrated Circuit
Authors: Długopolski Jacek , Sadowski Marcin , Suleja Wawrzyniec
Published: December 2024

The rapidly developing field of quantum computing and the ongoing lack of widely available quantum computers create the need for scientists to build their simulators. However, mathematical simulation of such circuits usually ignores many aspects and problems found in real quantum systems. In this article, the authors describe a quantum bit emulator based on FPGA integrated circuits. In this case, FPGA technology provides real-time massive parallelism of the modeled physical phenomena. The modeled QUBIT is represented using a Bloch sphere. Its quantum state is set and modified only by precise pulses of an electrical signal, and with the help of similar pulses, it manifests its current state in real time. The constructed QUBIT was additionally equipped with decoherence mechanisms and with circuits that intentionally respond to internal and external noises that distort its current quantum state. This article presents and discusses how such a physically built emulator works.
A Proposal of Digital Contents Copyright Protection by using Blockmarking Technique
Authors: Thanh Ta Minh , Le Danh Tai
Published: December 2024

Recently, blockmarking technique is proposed for a new hybrid model based on the combination of blockchain and watermarking method. In this model, it not only achieves the goal of image copyright protection but also stores the image into the blockchain network such as IPFS system. In this paper, we propose a new DRM system by inheriting the idea of blockmarking. The copyright contents can be distributed via IPFS blockchain, then be restored by using the reconstruction license for each legal user. Also, in our method, based on the reconstruction licenses, the distributed contents can be reconstructed from IPFS with various watermarking patterns. It helps us can manage the legal users and trace the traitor if a dispute occurs. The experimental results show that our method successfully achieved the purpose of digital copyright protection.
Música, humor macabro y locura en el cine: la adaptación del vodevil negro de Alfonso Paso ¡Adiós Mimí Pompón! con música de Daniel Montorio
Authors: Alonso Celsa
Published: December 2024

Este artículo presenta un análisis de la banda sonora de la película española ¡Adiós Mimí Pompón! (1960), adaptación de una comedia macabra de Alfonso Paso de 1958, dirigida por Luis Marquina, con música incidental y cuatro números diegéticos de Daniel Montorio. Para este film, Montorio escribió una música innovadora, muy diferente a la de otras películas de su filmografía, acorde con la astracanesca historia de uno de los comediógrafos más prolíficos de la dictadura franquista: Alfonso Paso. El artículo repasa la carrera de Montorio como compositor para el cine hasta 1960, el teatro popular de Paso –en particular el vodevil negro–, y la adaptación cinematográfica de la obra teatral original. El análisis del texto audiovisual confirma la relevancia de la música que acompaña la locura de los personajes y acentúa los elementos vodevilescos y macabros de la trama, siempre desde el humor: una música de naturaleza gestual, de gran eficacia estructural y motivada transtextualmente como herramienta para la parodia. Con este trabajo, se pretende ahondar en el conocimiento de la música de cine de Daniel Montorio quien, al igual que el dramaturgo Alfonso Paso, han despertado el interés de la academia solo desde fechas recientes.
Prevalence and Distribution of Parasitic Infections in Children in Diwaniyah Hospitals, Iraq
Authors: Alkardhi Ihsan K. A. , Al-Isawi Hasanain Riyadh , Akar Ahmed Naeem
Published: December 2024

Intestinal parasites are a significant public health concern, particularly among children. These infections can lead to severe health issues, including malnutrition and impaired growth. This study focuses on the prevalence of intestinal parasites among children suffering from diarrhea in Diwaniyah Governorate, specifically at Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. The study aimed Identify the prevalence of intestinal parasites among children suffering from diarrhea in Diwaniyah Governorate and assess the demographic distribution of infected children, focusing on gender differences, Entrobiais and Hymenolipiasis) are the most prevalent, infecting an estimated one-sixth of the global population. Infection rates are highest in children living in our country, followed by rural areas. Hundreds of millions of people are infected with helminths and intestinal protozoa, particularly children in low- and middle-income countries, we conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological survey in Al-Qadisiyah province communities of six region with sex hospital which including (Alhamza, Al-sanyia, Al-Shamyia hospital, Afak hospital, Al-Diwanyia 2 desert, Al-Diwanyia 1 desert)for 12 months to detect and record all intestinal parasite in patient who admitted to hospital However, a much larger and rapidly growing childhood population in these regions remains untreated and suffering from more than one parasite.
Investigating the Importance of Teacher Behaviors in Educational Process at Secondary Schools of Lahore
Authors: Ullah Waseem , Hanif Shafaq , Hanif Amber , Khan Abdul Basit , Thuy Hoang Thi , Tu Truong Thi Cam
Published: December 2024

The importance of teachers’ behaviors in educational process and their impact on students learning outcomes have been studied in this article. A descriptive survey study design acquired data from 250 students and 28 teachers using validated questionnaires of high reliability. Overall, Cranach’s Alpha was .84. Objectives were to explore teachers' behaviors, their effects on student learning, what affects those behaviors, and how those behaviors might be enhanced. A 5-point Likert scale was employed to measure responses which are presented statistically using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA, using SPSS V-29. Results indicated a high level of agreement on the significance of behaviors, such as the teacher’s being on time, being fair, showing respect, and engaging students, with the highest mean score obtained for the teacher effecting positive influence on the learning environment (M=1.80, SD=1.21). No significant differences in perceptions by gender, age or mother tongue were found. Locality was, however, shown to be an important factor (p<0.05), with urban respondents differing slightly from rural ones in their views. The results underline the importance of teacher behaviors in creating effective learning environments. Such programs make recommendations of professional development programs that could help to improve teachers’ interpersonal and instructional skill, to have a positive impact on students. Lastly, if we implement these factors, secondary education will significantly improve.
Registration of “Melka”: Stable and High Yielding Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Variety for Highland Areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Dabi Alemu , Duga Ruth , Alemu Gadisa , Sime Berhanu , Zewdu Demeke , Geleta Negash , Solomon Tafesse , Delessa Abebe , Zegaye Habtemariam , Asnake Dawit , Asefa Bayisa , Getamesay Abebe , Bayisa Tilahun , Girma Endashaw , Mitiku Tesfaye , Badebo Ayele , Abeyo Bekele
Published: December 2024

Food security is a major challenge in developing countries, including Ethiopia, due to factors like population growth, limited food production, malnutrition, and environmental degradation. Improving wheat yields in Ethiopia is crucial, but affected by diseases and environmental stresses. To address this, continuous research is vital to develop wheat varieties that are not only highly productive but also resistant to diseases and well-adapted to the specific conditions in Ethiopia. The “Melka” variety, a high-yielding, disease-resistant bread wheat variety, was developed under multiple evaluation stages before officially released, registered, and commercialized. “Melka” is a new variety, was introduced from CIMMTY, and has a pedigree name MANKU/3/MUU/FRNCLN//FRANCOLIN #1 and selection history CMSS13B00894S-099M-099Y-28M-0WGY. “Melka” is a bread wheat variety aimed at highland areas with good agronomic characteristics and late-maturing type. “Melka”, was a recently released variety, exhibits a significant yield advantage over standard check, with an overall mean of 30.54% Boru, and local check, with an overall mean of 58.10% Danda'a. It was recorded  a better thousand-kernel weight (39.90 g) than standard check Boru (37.6 g), and local check Danda’a (32.70 g) and 71.7 hl /kg. Likewise, the “Melka” variety had bold seeds than checks. It possessed a 6.12% and 10.33 % HLW advantage over the Boru and Danda’a varieties respectively.  Beyond its exceptional yield, this variety's distinctive feature lies in its enriched nutritional profile, particularly its high content of iron (Fe) 33.5 ppm and zinc (Zn) 38.1 ppm, which surpasses that of other available varieties. The recently released '“Melka”' wheat variety is stable and adaptable for Ethiopian highland agro ecologies. It exceeded standard checks in grain yield and is more resistant to stem, yellow and leaf rust diseases.
The Underrecognized Burden of Hypogonadism in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Implications for Anabolic Therapeutics
Authors: Câmara Lucas Caseri
Published: December 2024

The “Type of Article” of this paper is “Letter to the Editor”. This paper discuses about: “The Underrecognized Burden of Hypogonadism in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Implications for Anabolic Therapeutics ”. No formal abstract is available. Readers are requested to read the full article.
Performance Evaluation of Mini-sprinkler Irrigation System Underdifferent Pressures and Spacings
Authors: Bhagwat S M , Keskar P K
Published: December 2024

The hydraulic performance of a small sprinkler system was assessed in the current study. A small sprinkler system with a "double nozzle - full circle" sprinkler was used in the experiment to assess the hydraulic performance. It was arranged in randomized block design.The research experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm of Pravara’s Sindhutai Vikhe  Patil College of Agriculture, Nashik during the year 2023-2024. The experiment involved sixteen treatment combinations with four replications. It was arranged in randomized block design with four different Pressure (P) with four levels are P1 = 1.0 kg/cm2, P2 = 1.5 kg/cm2, P3 = 2.0 kg/cm2 and P4 = 2.5 kg/cm2and Spacing (S) with four levels S1 = 6m x 6m  S2 = 7 m x  7 m S3 = 8 m x 8 m and S4 = 9 m x 9 m. Although the optimum value of the index of jet break up was near 4.0 at 2.0 kg/cm2, the index of jet break up was obtained in the range of 2.24 to 4.1 for all four working pressures. The discharge rates were obtained as 235, 290, 330 and 365lph at operating pressures of 1.0 kg/cm2, 1.5 kg/cm2, 2.0 kg/cm2 and 2.5 kg/cm2  respectively. At each set up, the uniformity coefficient ranged between 94.55 % and 92.34 %. For 6 m × 6 m spacing at 1.5 kg/cm2 and 7 m x 7 m spacing at 1.5 kg/cm2, the uniformity coefficients were at par. Uniformity of distribution was discovered within the range of 65.23 % to 84.10 %. Water spread area was obtained as 58.60 m2, 126.67 m2, 163.76 m2 and 226.44 m2 at operating pressures of 1.0 kg/cm2, 1.5 kg/cm2, 2.0 kg/cm2 and 2.5 kg/cm2 respectively.  Mean application rate was in the range of 4.5 mm/h to 6.5 mm/h. From the results obtained, the basis of performance systems of6 m x 6 m working at an operating pressure of 2.0 kg/cm² and 2.5 kg/cm².
Morphometric Analysis of Kajali River Basin Using Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Keskar P. K. , Bhagwat S. M.
Published: December 2024

Soil and water are the important natural resources and important input for agricultural production. The present study has been attempted to delineate and determine morphometric characteristics of Sakharpa watershed in Ratnagiri district by using Remote Sensing and GIS. The delineation of watershed was performed in QGIS 3.18.3 software. The study area was obtained from SRTM DEM with 30meter resolution after delineation. Sakharpa watershed shows a dendritic drainage pattern. The results found for morphometric parameters were Bifurcation Ratio (Rb)2-5.5, Form factor (Ff) 0.32, Elongation ratio (Re) 0.63, Circulatory ratio (Rc) 0.32, Shape index (Sw) 3.18,Drainage density (Dd)1.18km/km2, Stream frequency (Fs)1.48 km-2, Texture ratio (Rt)1.08, Drainage texture (Dt)2.24,Constant of channel maintenance (C)0.84km2/km, Length of overland flow (Lg) 0.42, Basin relief (R) 763.92 m, Relief Ratio (Rr) 0.045,Relative Relief (Rhp) 1.27,Ruggedness Number (Rn) 0.904. The study concluded that the watershed is elongated in shape, have dense vegetation and homogeneous with less structural disturbance. This morphometric analysis of drainage basin helps to planning and development of watershed also helps to understand relation between linear, areal and relief parameters of drainage basin.
Principal Component Analysis in Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) under Salt Stress Conditions
Authors: Mishra Garima , Tiwari Sushma , Badwal Ravleen Kaur , Jamnotia Charu , Adhruj Astha , Sharma Sanjeev
Published: December 2024

The study was carried out in a polyhouse using germination trays to examine the impact of salt stress on seedling growth and germination across 42 Kodo Millet genotypes. Conducted at the Research Farm of RVSKVV, Gwalior, the experiment followed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. To minimize variability and maintain uniform conditions, a standardized growing medium composed of compost, vermiculite, and cocopeat in a 1:1:1 ratio was employed. Salt stress levels were assessed using NaCl solutions at concentrations of 50 mM, 100 mM, 250 mM, and 500 mM. In this study, two principal components with eigen values greater than one collectively accounted for 72.2% of the total variability among the analyzed traits. The first principal component (PC1) contributed the most, explaining 63.05% of the variation, while the second principal component (PC2) explained 9.15%. PC1 was primarily associated with traits such as days to emergence, final germination percentage, shoot length, seedling length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, and proline content. In contrast, PC2 was dominated by traits such as root length, vigor index, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. The scores for PC1 ranged from 0.002 to 3.795 for positive values and -7.521 to -0.034 for negative values, while PC2 scores ranged from 0.061 to 2.894 for positive values and -2.687 to -0.089 for negative values. Scree plot and biplot collectively highlighted the major contributors to variability and their interrelationships under the salt stress condition in kodo millet genotypes.
Study of Drying Characteristics of Turmeric Slices in Solar-Biomass Hybrid Drying System
Authors: Deshpande Ajinkya , Kulkarni Chaitali , Desai N. N. , Modi V. M. , Dobariya U. D.
Published: December 2024

A study was conducted for evaluation of solar-biomass and hybrid drying system for turmeric slice drying. The turmeric slices were dried in month of January. The experiment was concluded that the drying of turmeric slices of 3 mm thickness took 10 hours for drying on an average insolation rate of 1158 W/m². The temperature inside the dryer was higher near to heat exchanger and decreased as tray placed far away from heat exchanger. The thermal inertia of solar-biomass hybrid dryer was broken within 1.250 hrs. The full load performance was carried out with the same loading rate i.e. 67.42 kg per batch and dryer had 24 trays each tray containing 2.760 kg turmeric slice. The drying operation batch was completed in 8 hrs in day. The maximum temperature achieved inside the dryer was 55oC at 10 % relative humidity and 1158 W/m2 solar insolation. For drying of turmeric slices, initial moisture content 71.41% (w.b) and operation were stop at 0.2% (w.b.) moisture content. The maximum turmeric drying rate in solar-biomass hybrid drying system was observed 0.150 kg/hr at 13.00 hrs. The maximum drying efficiency of turmeric slice in solar-biomass hybrid drying system was recorded as 37.03%.
The Unusual Dielectric Response of Large Area Molecular Tunnel Junctions Probed with Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Xiaoping , Nijhuis Christian A.
Published: November 2021

The dielectric behavior of organic materials at molecular dimensions can be vastly different than their bulk counterparts and therefore it is important to investigate and control the dielectric response of molecular‐scale materials for a large variety of applications. Large‐area molecular junctions are explored to study the charge transport mechanisms with unprecedented detail and to demonstrate novel functionalities. Therefore, large‐area molecular junctions are, in principle, a promising platform to study the dielectric effects at the molecular scale. This review summarizes recent progress on the measurements and understanding of the dielectric behavior of molecular systems and how they behave differently from their bulk properties. This review introduces, briefly, the concepts of impedance spectroscopy (IS) and how this technique can be applied to study the dielectric response of solid‐state large‐area molecular junctions. This analysis gives new insights in the factors that determine the dielectric constant of monolayers (including collective electrostatic effects and how the dielectric constant increases with monolayer thickness), how IS gives new insights into the role of defects, and the factors that contribute to the molecule–electrode contact resistance. This review ends with an outlook highlighting interesting future directions.
Livestock feed resources in the West African Sahel
Authors: Amole Tunde , Augustine Ayantunde , Balehegn Mulubrhan , Adesogoan Adegbola T.
Published: November 2021

Limited supply of quality feed is the most important factor limiting livestock productivity in many sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries. Having a systematic inventory of available feed resources, identifying main challenges and potentials for improvement is the first step towards designing development strategies to improve feed quality and quantity. The objective of this study was to review the available feed resources and their quality in West African Sahel across different agro‐ecological zones and to identify the research gaps and strategies to improve feed resource availability. The West African Sahelian zone is home to 135 million people who herd 173 million head of ruminant livestock. The main feed resources for grazing ruminants are pastures and crop residues; commercially formulated feeds are increasingly being used in poultry and pig production, particularly in peri‐urban areas. Feed resources for livestock are diverse and vary markedly across agro‐ecological zones in the West African Sahel and across seasons in terms of type, quantity, and quality. Given that crop residues are among the most important feed resources, there is need to invest in promoting adoption of proven methods for improving their quality and preserving it. Given poorly developed feed markets in the Sahelian rural areas and cities, strengthening the feed value chain is critical for improving the feed resource base in West Africa. Additional critically important needs are to increase awareness about the importance of feed quality, to create quality‐based feed marketing systems, and to appreciate and enhance women's roles in feed production.
Expressions of “fast” and “slow” chameleon dressed states in Autler–Townes spectra of alkali‐metal atoms
Authors: Cinins Arturs , Bruvelis Martins , Dimitrijević Milan S. , Srećković Vladimir A. , Efimov Dmitriy K. , Miculis Kaspars , Bezuglov Nikolai N. , Ekers Aigars
Published: November 2021

We have investigated the formation of laser‐dressed states in HF components of sodium atoms and their manifestations in Autler–Townes spectra. An explicit procedure is proposed for constructing a specific Morris–Shore wave function basis, within which two‐photon excitation schemes are reduced to sets of mutually orthogonal 3‐ and 2‐level excitation sequences, and single uncoupled states. It has been demonstrated that the Morris–Shore basis states correspond to bright and dark states, along with chameleon states introduced in our recent work. Numerical simulations of the Autler–Townes spectra reveal that chameleon states can be further categorized as “fast” or “slow.” Our extended classification of dressed states enables more accurate reconstruction of excited state properties in optical methods for atomic media diagnostics.
Tango of dual nanoparticles: Interplays between exosomes and nanomedicine
Authors: Wang Yabin , Wang Wenzhen , Kong Fangong , Zhang Qiu , Xiao Jiaqi , Zhang Yi , Yan Bing
Published: November 2021

Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles released from cells as a mechanism of intracellular communication. Containing information molecules of their parental cells and inclining to fuse with targeted cells, exosomes are valuable in disease diagnosis and drug delivery. The realization of their clinic applications still faces difficulties, such as lacking technologies for fast purification and functional reading. The advancement of nanotechnology in recent decades makes it promising to overcome these difficulties. In this article, we summarized recent progress in utilizing the physiochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance exosome purification and detection sensitivity or to derive novel technologies. We also discussed the valuable applications of exosomes in NPs‐based drug delivery. Till now most studies in these fields are still at the laboratory research stage. Translation of these bench works into clinic applications still has a long way to go.
Crystalline‐State Solvent: Metal‐Organic Frameworks as a Platform for Intercepting Aggregation‐Caused Quenching
Authors: Jia Yan‐Yuan , Yin Jia‐Cheng , Li Na , Zhang Ying‐Hui , Feng Rui , Yao Zhao‐Quan , Bu Xian‐He
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive Summary

The sequestration of organic luminescent molecules (OLMs) within cage‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as a dispersion platform has been developed to impede aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ). The homogenous encapsulation of distinct luminescent guests of different sizes and emissive behaviors in the cage structure of a MOF resulted in high fluorescent quantum yields of 44.8% for DAPI@NKU‐110 (DAPI = 4',6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole), 65.4% for TPPA@NKU‐110 (TPPA = tris(4‐(pyridin‐4‐ yl)phenyl)amine), 31.3% for R6G@NKU‐110 (R6G = Rhodamine 6G), and 58.3% for PY@NKU‐110 (PY = Pyronin Y), attributable to the confinement effect caused by the rigid cages of NKU‐110. More significantly, a positive correlation of the encapsulated quantity of OLMs with their concentration in the in‐situ solvothermal reaction was unveiled by spectral analysis and utilized to facilely fabricate a white‐light‐emitting crystal material TPPA+R6G@NKU‐110. This material features a large crystal size on the millimeter‐scale, broadband white emission, ideal CIE coordinates (0.33, 0.34), and a high quantum yield (49.1%) when excited at 365 nm. Moreover, such a strategy can be easily generalized to an abundance of other cage‐based MOFs and a plentiful volume of OLMs for the future development of colorful, high performance luminescent materials.
The relationship between firm complexity and corporate social responsibility: International evidence from 2010–2019
Authors: Läger Frederic , Bouzzine Yassin Denis , Lueg Rainer
Published: November 2021

Extant research on the relationship between firm complexity and corporate social responsibility (CSR) is limited to employing size variables as indicators for firm complexity. Following a contingency approach and to fit the multidimensional nature of CSR, in this study we define complexity as the structural complexity of a firm. To answer the question of whether firm complexity influences CSR, we study firms included in the major world stock indices for a 10‐year period by means of a fixed‐effects regression. Findings generally suggest a higher level of CSR in more complex firms. A more detailed analysis of complexity points toward a significant positive influence of the vertical, functional, and occupational dimensions of complexity but finds no link between spatial differentiation and CSR. This research represents the first empirical study that examines the relationship between CSR and structural complexity beyond a simplistic proxy ofsize.
Nonapoptotic role of caspase‐3 in regulating Rho1GTPase‐mediated morphogenesis of epithelial tubes of Drosophila renal system
Authors: Ojha Shainy , Tapadia Madhu G.
Published: November 2021

Background

Cells trigger caspase‐mediated apoptosis to eliminate themselves from the system when tissue needs to be sculptured, or they detect any abnormality within them, thus preventing irreparable damage to the host. However, nonapoptotic activities of caspases are also involved in many cellular functions. Interestingly, Drosophila Malpighian tubules (MTs) express apoptotic proteins, without succumbing to cell death.

Results

We show apoptosis‐independent role of executioner caspase‐3, Drice, in MT morphogenesis. Drice is required for precise cytoskeleton organization and convergent extension, failing which morphology, size, cell number, and arrangement get affected. Furthermore, characteristic stellate cell shape transformation in MTs is also governed by Drice. Genetic interaction study shows that Drice mediates its action by regulating Rho1GTPase functionally, and localization of polarity protein Disc large. Subsequently, downregulation of Rho1GTPase in Drice mutants significantly rescues the cystic MTs phenotype. The study shows a mechanism by which Drice governs tubulogenesis via Rho1GTPase‐mediated coordinated organization of actin cytoskeleton and membrane stabilization.

Conclusion

Collectively our findings suggest a nonapoptotic function of caspase‐3 in fine‐tuning of cellular rearrangement during tubule development, and these results will add to the growing understanding of diverse roles of caspases during its evolution in metazoans.
Intraspecific variations in life history traits of two pecky rice bug species from Japan: Mapping emergence dates and number of annual generations
Authors: Yamasaki Kazuhisa , Tabuchi Ken , Takahashi Akihiko , Osawa Takeshi , Yoshioka Akira , Ishigooka Yasushi , Sudo Shigeto , Takada Mayura B.
Published: November 2021

The mirid bugs Stenotus rubrovittatus and Trigonotylus caelestialium, which cause pecky rice, have become a threat to rice cultivation in Asia. Damage caused by these pests has rapidly become frequent since around 2000 in Japan. Their expansion pattern is not simple, and predicting their future spread remains challenging. Some insects with wide ranges have locally adapted variations in life‐history traits. We performed laboratory rearing experiments to assess the geographical scale of intraspecific variations in life‐history traits of S. rubrovittatus and T. caelestialium. The experiments were aimed at increasing the accuracy of occurrence estimates and the number of generations per year. These results were compared with previous research, and differences in development rates were observed between populations of different latitudes, but not of the same latitude. Finally, plotting the timing of adult emergence and the potential number of generations per year on maps with a 5‐km grid revealed that they differed greatly locally at the same latitude. These maps can be used for developing more efficient methods of managing mirid bugs in integrated pest management.