bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Loess‐Clay Based Eco‐Friendly Geopolymer for Efficient Removal of Pollutants in Water
Authors: Li Fangrong , Yang Yongyi , Liu Yan , Yang Juanmei , Fan Guohui
Published: October 2024

Heavy metals and dyes cause serious harm for water environment, geopolymer materials with the large pores and specific surface area, and easy modification of pore surface have received extensive attention in wastewater treatment. Herein, using loess‐clay (LC) as natural mineral materials, we developed an eco‐friendly geopolymer of loess‐clay (GpLC) with excellent adsorption properties and promotion plant growth was prepared by alkali excitement. Its morphology and structure were exhibited by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, XRD, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller. Moreover, its adsorption property for removing metal ions and different dyes was measured, and the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were investigated. GpLC presented excellent adsorption ability for Pb2+, which the removal rate got to 98.7 %. It had the universality of removing organic pollutants, and the removal rate reached to 98.0 %. It was dominated chemisorption and single‐layer adsorption, which GpLC conformed to quasi‐second‐order adsorption kinetics, and being more consistent with Langmuir isothermal model. Furthermore, it was found that GpLC could promote growth of crops as it contain P and K element with essential element of plants. In summary, it provides insights and strategy for developing a kind of eco‐friendly functional materials with strong adsorption capacity and promoting plant growth, and it is an effective method for reusing loess resources.
Key Ingredients for the Modeling of Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts
Authors: Di Liberto Giovanni , Pacchioni Gianfranco
Published: October 2024

Single‐atom catalysis is gaining interest also because of its potential applications in a broad spectrum of electrochemical reactions. The reactivity of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) is typically modeled with first principles approaches taking insight from heterogenous catalysis. An increasing number of studies show that the chemistry of SACs is more complex than often assumed, and shares many aspects in common with coordination chemistry. This evidence raises challenges for computational electrocatalysis of SACs. In this perspective we highlight a few fundamental ingredients that one need to consider to provide reliable predictions on the reactivity of SACs for electrochemical applications. We discuss the role of the local coordination of the metal active phase, the need to use self‐interaction corrected functionals, in particular when systems have magnetic ground states. We highlight the formation of unconventional intermediates with respect to classical metal electrodes, the need to include the stability of SACs in electrochemical conditions and the role of solvation in the analysis of new potential catalytic systems. This brief account can be considered as a tutorial underlining the importance of treating the reactivity of SACs. In fact, neglecting some of these aspects could lead to unreliable predictions failing in the design of new electrocatalysts.
“Interest‐holders”: A new term to replace “stakeholders” in the context of health research and policy
Authors: Akl Elie A. , Khabsa Joanne , Petkovic Jennifer , Magwood Olivia , Lytvyn Lyubov , Motilall Ashley , Campbell Pauline , Todhunter‐Brown Alex , Schünemann Holger J. , Welch Vivian , Tugwell Peter , Concannon Thomas W.
Published: October 2024

Background

Given the colonial connotations of the term “stakeholder”, its continued use may be perceived as disrespectful to Indigenous Peoples. While several groups have introduced alternative terms, each has its own limitations. The objective of this article is to introduce “interest‐holders” as an alternative term to “stakeholders” and describe the discussions underpinning the adoption of the new term by the MuSE Consortium.

Methods

The MuSE Consortium is an international network of over 160 individuals with interest and expertise in different aspects relevant to engagement in research. Members of MuSE explored alternative terms and considered their respective merits and limitations. The deliberations considered the literature on the topic and the results of two consultations with the wider MuSE membership on the alternative terms.

Results

We define “interest‐holders” as groups with legitimate interests in the health issue under consideration. The interests arise and draw their legitimacy from the fact that people from these groups are responsible for or affected by health‐related decisions that can be informed by research evidence.

Conclusion

As groups other than the MuSE Consortium have started to adopt “interest‐holders,” we hope its use will reduce confusion related to the multitude of terms used and convey the intended meaning without any negative connotations.
Carbon Dots Enabling High‐Performances Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Susen , Ye Xuehan , Shen Nan , Sun Taojun , Yu Feng , Liu He , Guo Cong , Li Jingfa
Published: October 2024

Carbon dots (CDs), known for their quantum size, abundant surface functional groups, excellent biocompatibility, and non‐toxicity, have emerged as promising candidates for enhancing various advanced rechargeable batteries. Recent research indicates that electrodes based on or modified with CDs in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have shown significant improvements in key performance metrics such as Coulombic efficiency, cycle life, and capacity compared to traditional electrodes. Several key impacts of CDs contribute to these enhancements, including increased conductivity due to their conductive graphitized core, rich absorption sites, and excellent dispersity facilitated by abundant surface functional groups. These features accelerate ion transport through interface edges and ion diffusion paths, inhibit electrode material dissolution, buffer electrode material volume expansion, ensure electrode uniformity and stability, and promote the electrochemical reaction process between the electrode and electrolyte. This review summarizes recent developments, challenges, and opportunities in leveraging CDs as additives in SIBs, focusing on their impact on electrolyte properties, electrode materials, and overall battery performance. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential of CDs to significantly advance SIB technology.
Interface Engineering of Flower‐like Co2P/WO3−x/Carbon Cloth Catalysts with Oxygen Vacancies for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Guo Hui , Pan Lu , Jiang Huimin , Gao Mengyou , Wang Hong , Khan Aslam , Siddiqui Nasir A. , Lin Jianjian
Published: October 2024

The Constructing an efficient and low‐cost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst is critical for improving the performance of electrolysis in alkaline water. In this study, a self‐supported electrocatalyst of flower‐like cobalt phosphide and tungsten oxide (Co2P/WO3−x/CC) was prepared on carbon cloth (CC) surface by hydrothermal reaction with solution immersion etching and phosphorization annealing under H2/Ar atmosphere. This strategy can generate oxygen vacancies (OV), improving the speed of charge transfer between cobalt phosphide (Co2P) and tungsten oxide (WO3−x) components. The catalyst greatly increases the electrochemical active surface area, which is beneficial for efficient oxygen evolution. Electrochemical testing studies show that in 1.0 M KOH solution, Co2P–WO3−x/CC catalyst exhibits good OER activity, with a low overpotential of 254 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 58.32 mV dec−1. The synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and Co2P with WO3−x can regulate electronic structures, expose more active sites, and cooperatively enhancing the OER activity. This study provides a workable strategy for preparing efficient non‐noble metal OER electrocatalysts on engineered interfaces and OV.
Overcoming the Challenges of Hyperpolarizing Substrates with Parahydrogen‐Induced Polarization in an MRI System
Authors: de Maissin Henri , Ivantaev Vladislav , Mohiuddin Obaid , Berner Stephan , von Elverfeldt Dominik , Zaitsev Maxim , Kiselev Valerij , Schmidt Andreas B.
Published: October 2024

Hyperpolarization of 13C nuclei in biomolecules and their administration as imaging agents enables in‐vivo monitoring of metabolism. This approach has demonstrated potential for deriving imaging biomarkers for cancer detection, differentiation, and therapy efficacy assessment. The in situ generation of polarized substrates using a permanent addition of parahydrogen to an unsaturated precursor inside the bore of an MRI system used for subsequent imaging circumvents the need for a dedicated external polarizer. This approach reduces polarization loss associated with sample transfer, minimizes hardware requirements and cost, and results in reduced spatial requirements. However, performing INEPT‐like pulsed sequences for heteronuclear spin‐order transfer in the bore of an MRI system is challenged by poor uniformity of static and excitation magnetic field and molecular convection during the polarization transfer. Therefore, here we characterize these effects, implement a robust modification to the pulse sequence, and measure experimentally the polarization improvement upon modification of the sequence. After rigorous optimization of the parameters, we obtained a 13C polarization of 44.5 % for 50 mM of the 1‐13C site of ethyl acetate‐d6. Our parahydrogen‐induced polarization approach enhances the accessibility to hyperpolarized MRI, circumventing the need for an external polarizer.
When the Study of the Post‐Synthetic Modification Method on a 1D Spin Crossover Coordination Polymer Highlights its Catalytic Activity
Authors: Lai Yongjian , Enríquez‐Cabrera Alejandro , Ronci Alexia , Salmon Lionel , Routaboul Lucie , Bousseksou Azzedine
Published: October 2024

We are interested in studying the catalytic activity of the spin crossover (SCO) complex ([Fe(NH2trz)3](NO3)2). In this work, we demonstrate that, by adapting the experimental conditions, we can switch from a quantitative post‐synthetic modification (PSM) reaction to the use of this complex as a catalyst for the formation of imine from 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole. During the catalytic reaction, the iron complex undergoes two different PSM reactions: the first is the action of the aldehyde on the NH2 groups present on the complex, whereas the second PSM reaction occurs between the imine complex and aminotriazole, leading back to the starting complex. These two PSM reactions are at least partially involved in the catalytic mechanism. Furthermore, the combination of these two PSM reactions enables us to modulate the particle size and shape of the final amine complex without altering its excellent SCO properties. This result is of interest in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, where particle size has a strong influence on the catalytic activity, and for the proper integration in devices for different applications.
A Strongly Coupled 1T’‐ReSe2@2H‐MoSe2 van der Waals Heterostructure for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution at High Current Densities
Authors: Zhang Xingchen , Zhang Dongfang , Zhou Dingyi , Chen Xinya , Zhang Jinying , Wang Zhiyong
Published: October 2024

Developing efficient and durable non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for high current‐density hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) is a pressing requirement for commercial industrial electrolyzers. In this study, a vertical 1T’‐ReSe2@2H‐MoSe2 van der Waals heterostructure was developed through interface engineering to enhance the advantages of each component and expose numerous active sites. Experimental investigations and density functional theory calculations demonstrate significant electronic coupling at the interface between 1T’‐ReSe2 and 2H‐MoSe2, with suitable Gibbs free energy for hydrogen adsorption. The 1T’‐ReSe2@2H‐MoSe2 heterostructure catalyst achieves high current density HER with low overpotentials of 191 mV to generate up to 800 mA/cm2 in 0.5 M H2SO4, outperforming commercial 5 % Pt/C catalysts. Moreover, this catalyst exhibits rapid reaction kinetics and long‐term durability, illustrating a successful approach to designing efficient heterostructure electrocatalysts for hydrogen production through interface engineering.
Longitudinal trends in testicular volume z scores from puberty to adulthood, sperm quality, and paternity outcomes after childhood cancer
Authors: Korhonen Melanie , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Koskela Mikael
Published: October 2024

Background

Childhood cancer therapy may cause subfertility. This study correlated cancer therapy exposures with testicular volumes from puberty to adulthood, spermatogenesis, and paternity outcomes in adulthood.

Methods

The study population comprised 255 male childhood cancer survivors (CCS) (survival ≥5 years, diagnosed in 1964–2000 at the Helsinki Children's Hospital) whose testicular volume was measured at ages 12 years (n = 38), 14 years (n = 57), 16 years (n = 63), 18 years (n = 105), and in adulthood (n = 43; median age, 27 years). Testicular volumes were converted to age‐specific z scores. In addition, 92 CCS provided semen sample in adulthood (median age, 25.2 years); and paternity was evaluated through national register data (mean age at assessment, 37.6 years; n = 252).

Results

Compared with age‐specific reference values, CCS generally exhibited low testicular volume z scores at ages 12–18 years. Testicular volume z scores in CCS treated exclusively with chemotherapy returned to the reference range in adulthood. In contrast, patients exposed to testicular radiation ≥1 gray (Gy) (median dose, 12 Gy) showed no late recovery in testicular size. Testicular radiation ≥1 Gy and a cyclophosphamide equivalent dose ≥12 g/m2 were identified as risk factors for azoospermia in adulthood. Patients exposed to testicular radiation ≥1 Gy and a cyclophosphamide equivalent dose ≥4 g/m2 had lower paternity rates.

Conclusions

Testicular volume growth after prolonged follow‐up suggests a potential late recovery of spermatogenesis in CCS treated exclusively with chemotherapy. However, alkylating agents increased the risk of having prolonged azoospermia and nonpaternity. High‐dose testicular radiation causes long‐term depletion of spermatogonia and was the strongest risk factor for azoospermia and nonpaternity.
Mapping Health Pathways: A Network Analysis for Improved Illness Prediction
Authors: Singhal Ankur Kumar , Singh Anurag
Published: October 2024

Complex networks and network reconstruction have now become powerful tools for exploring relationships and interactions within systems across various fields to identify patterns and increase predictive accuracy. It provides a structured framework to investigate the relations or connections among individual components or entities within a system. Recently, the importance of the healthcare prediction model in life‐saving efforts has increased. A model is proposed for health prediction that uses network reconstruction methods to build a network from available information, representing features as nodes and the relationships between them as edges. Subsequently, a method is introduced to calculate the value of the decision parameter () for predicting an individual's health status. The proposed model shows substantial improvement over the current state of the prediction model. The first aim of the proposed model is to classify an individual into their appropriate class properly. Another contribution of the proposed model is to measure the factors that are responsible for classifying an individual into a class that shows its significance and impact over the existing state‐of‐the‐art. It provides a new dimension to the prediction mode, emphasizing the importance of identifying critical features and their interdependencies for personalized health diagnostics.
Weighted Centroid Amorphous Algorithm for Position Error Minimization in WSN
Authors: Tripathy Pujasuman , Khilar P. M.
Published: October 2024

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have numerous applications, one of which is localization. Localization is crucial for determining the position of unknown sensor nodes in the deployment environment. Localization techniques are broadly classified into two categories: range based and range‐free. Range‐free localization techniques are gaining popularity as they are easy to implement and do not require external hardware. In this proposed work, a hybrid localization algorithm named the Weighted Centroid Amorphous algorithm is proposed to reduce the position error in WSN. Instead of the conventional centroid algorithm, a weighted centroid algorithm is used. The weight in this work is considered as a function of the hop value and hop size estimated by the Amorphous algorithm. Ten nearest beacon nodes are considered to determine the coordinates of a single unknown node. The hop value and hop size of that unknown node are calculated from the 10 nearest beacon nodes, and by using the hop value and hop size, the weight is calculated. After the weight estimation, the weighted sum is calculated, and using the weighted sum, the coordinates of an unknown node are determined. Simulation results indicate that the proposed Weighted Centroid Amorphous method achieves superior accuracy, with rates of 90.41%, 89.57%, and 86.10% compared to the traditional Amorphous, improved Amorphous, and Ensemble approach, respectively.
From GPU to CPU (and Beyond): Extending Hardware Support in GPUSPH Through a SYCL‐Inspired Interface
Authors: Bilotta Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

While most software is originally designed for serial or parallel execution on CPU, and porting to GPU comes later in its development, GPUSPH was designed from the ground up to run on GPUs using CUDA. Making it accessible to a wider audience by introducing support for other computational hardware, and in particular CPUs, poses challenges that are complementary to the ones normally faced when porting CPU code to GPU. We present the approach we have adopted to support CPUs as computational devices in GPUSPH with minimal code changes and low developer effort. Detailed benchmarks illustrating the performance of the implementation and its scalability across multiple cores in both single‐socket and NUMA configurations show good strong and weak scaling.
Organohalogenochromism: Toward Colorimetric Detection of Volatile Organic Halogen Compounds
Authors: Kozuka Kumpei , Imato Keiichi , Ooyama Yousuke
Published: October 2024

A significant hypsochromic or bathochromic shift of photoabsorption bands of dyes may be observed only in halogenated solvents. Such specific solvatochromism is termed organohalogenochromism (OHC), which has been recently recognized as a photophysical phenomenon. However, few studies have been carried out on the elucidation of OHC and thus there is a limited insight into the mechanism for expression of OHC, although the phenomenon not only is of a great scientific interest in photochemistry, photophysics, analytical chemistry, and synthetic organic chemistry but also has great potential for development of colorimetric detection technique for organohalogen compounds; this technique is expected to be facile operation and simple analysis with sufficient accuracy, high sensitivity, and fast response, and thus allows visualization and real‐time monitoring for toxic volatile organohalogen compounds (VOHCs). In this Concept, we first review OHC of dyes which have been reported so far. Second, the elucidation of OHC based on the interactions between dye and organohalogen molecules are discussed. In particular, we propose the explanation for a pronounced OHC of donor‐π‐acceptor‐type cationic dye from the viewpoint of halogen bond (XB) between halogenated solvents and counter anion of cationic dye. Moreover, an application of organohalogenochromic dyes to colorimetric sensors for VOHCs is presented.
Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Restorative Justice in Nebraska
Authors: Votruba Ashley M. , Blankley Kristen M. , PytlikZillig Lisa M.
Published: October 2024

Although the codification of restorative justice processes has increased in the United States, the implementation of these processes has been limited and piecemeal. This article considers barriers and facilitators of implementing restorative justice programs in the context of juvenile justice, from the perspective of individuals tasked with implementation in Nebraska—a state with a robust community mediation system providing restorative justice processes. We interviewed 11 persons currently or formerly employed by community mediation centers in Nebraska in positions coordinating restorative justice programs. Interviewees represented all six Nebraska mediation centers. Using thematic analysis, we identified themes for both barriers and facilitators for implementing restorative justice programs throughout the state. The barriers to implementing restorative justice reflected six distinct, but sometimes overlapping, themes: awareness of restorative justice; attitudes about restorative justice; lack of necessary resources; process issues; lack of trust in “the system” or centers; and policy barriers. The analysis also identified eight distinct themes associated with facilitators of restorative justice: support from a “champion”; outreach efforts; trust and relationship building; demonstrating that restorative justice is effective; collaboration; maintaining necessary funding; local community‐driven implementation; and state government‐driven implementation. We consider the implications of these findings for the implementation of restorative justice processes in Nebraska and beyond.
A 24–30‐GHz Modified Gilbert‐Cell Downconverter With High Linearity and Isolation
Authors: Fejzullahu Ajten , Alper Ozkan Tahsin , Bilgin Alp , Yazici Melik , Gurbuz Yasar
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces a downconverter mixer employing a modified double‐balanced Gilbert‐cell topology, designed using IHP's 0.13‐m SiGe BiCMOS technology. Distinct from the conventional topology, a resonator was employed at the emitter of the transconductance stage, which enables the utilization of transconductance stage as an active balun, allowing for direct feeding of the single‐ended input without sacrificing the advantageous of the double‐balanced topology. The integration of the resonator reduces the amplitude and phase errors within the active balun segment, thereby enhancing port‐to‐port isolation. The area occupied by the resonator is approximately 1.7 times smaller than that of an RF transformer balun typically employed in conventional double‐balanced topologies. The LO and IF differential signals are converted to single‐ended ones through transformer baluns for measurement purposes. The frequencies of operation for RF, LO, and IF are 24–30, 18–24, and 6 GHz, respectively. The conversion loss is 7.7 dB at 26 GHz, with port‐to‐port isolations exceeding 35 dB. The input 1‐dB compression point is 5.7 dBm, while the circuit consumes 65‐mW power from a 3.3‐V voltage supply. Excluding the pads, the active area of the design spans 1 mm2.
The Pyramidalization of sp2 Centers in 3/2‐Systems Is a “Structural Breathing” Independent of Energy
Authors: Brunner Henri , Ikeshita Masahiro , Tsuno Takashi
Published: October 2024

In 3/2‐systems, such as the acetate anion H3CαC′OO−, an sp3 center and an sp2 center are connected by a covalent bond. The interaction of threefold and twofold symmetry results in the pyramidalization of the sp2 center during rotation about bond Esp3−Esp2. Rotation angles ψ=0°, ±60°, ±120°, and ±180° account for conformations with a symmetry plane containing the planar sp2 center CαC′OO. However, in all conformations with rotation angles ψ≠0°, ±60°, ±120°, and ±180° this symmetry plane is lost and pyramidalization must occur with maxima at rotation angles ψ=±30°, ±90°, and ±150°, because the two sides of the sp2 center CαC′OO are different. Inevitably, this leads to a pyramidalization/rotation profile θ/ψ with three maxima, three minima, and six zero‐crossings. Thus, myriads of 3/2‐compounds pyramidalize their sp2 centers each moment to the order of about 2° in a coupled pyramidalization/rotation molecular motion independent of energy.
Synthesis of Chiral Axially Diaryl Aldehydes by Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Desymmetrization Reaction
Authors: Yuan Lutong , Cui Lixin , Liu Yuheng , Bao Wenkai , Zhu Qiaohong , Zeng Xiaofei
Published: October 2024

Axially chiral biaryl aldehydes are precursors for the synthesis of axially chiral compounds and novel chiral catalysts of great interest, which play vital roles in extensive research fields. However, limited strategies exist for the efficient synthesis of axially chiral aldehydes, and the construction of structurally diverse axially chiral aldehydes remains challenging. Herein, a strategy is reported for the synthesis of biaryl axially chiral aldehydes with varying structures from biaryl dialdehydes and aromatic amines in the presence of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst. This protocol features excellent enantioselectivity, mild conditions, and good functional‐group tolerance.
Failure characteristics of overlying strata and mechanism of strong ground pressure during the large‐scale and continuous mining of deep multi working faces
Authors: Zhang Defei , Gao Yanan , Zhang Guangkai , Tang Zhenwei , Ding Feng , Gao Mingzhong
Published: October 2024

In this study, a three‐dimensional large‐scale numerical model is established to investigate the failure characteristics of overlying strata and mechanism of strong ground pressure induced by excavation disturbance from multiple working faces. The characteristics of overlying strata fractures, heights of the caving zone and the fracture zone, and evolution of the stress field are systematically analyzed. The numerical simulation results reveal that the height of the caving zone after mining is 8.1 m, and that of the fracture zone is 27.3 m under the conditions of gently inclined thin coal seams. These findings are consistent with the theoretical results. The fracture development process can be divided into three stages: extensive development of new fractures, partial compaction of fractures, and closure of numerous fractures. In the structure of the post‐mining overlying rock, four stress zones are identified as follows: two zones of stress concentration at both ends of the working face, respectively, a zone of relatively high stress at the middle of the working face with low overlying strata, and a zone of stress fully released at the middle of the working face with high overlying strata. Comprehensive analysis of the maximum vertical stress of the cross section and the stress of the working face indicates that the stress increases significantly when mining enters the gob square stage and the roof does not collapse timely.
Complexity and synchronization of carbon and new energy markets based on multiscale entropy
Authors: Fu Jianru , Sun Ying , Liu Xiaonan , Hong Bing , Li Shicheng
Published: October 2024

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic evolution of complexity and synchrony between the carbon market and the new energy market from 2019 to 2023, employing multiscale sample entropy and cross‐sample entropy methods. The study shows that, both in the long term and short term, the complexity of the new energy market consistently exceeds that of the carbon market. Additionally, the carbon and new energy markets exhibit higher synchronization on smaller scales. As the time scale increases, interactions between the carbon and new energy markets become more complex and diverse. According to these findings, it is recommended that policymakers improve the transparency of the new energy market, optimize the operational mechanisms of the carbon market, and ensure that carbon reduction strategies and new energy policies are mutually coordinated. This holds significant importance for both carbon reduction targets and the development of new energy.
Career Guidance and Employment Issues for Neurodivergent Individuals: A Scoping Review and Stakeholder Consultation
Authors: Bölte Sven , Carpini Joseph Alexander , Black Melissa H. , Toomingas Allan , Jansson Frida , Marschik Peter B. , Girdler Sonya , Jonsson Marina
Published: October 2024

Growing recognition of neurodivergence amongst individuals poses challenges for career counselors and human resource practitioners when advising, guiding, and supporting the careers of this diverse group. Despite the potential for neurodivergent individuals to contribute to organizations, career guidance for these individuals is a relatively new area. We conducted a multidisciplinary project comprising a scoping review and stakeholder consultation to generate evidence‐based recommendations for identifying and supporting career paths that lead to positive employment outcomes for neurodivergent individuals. The scoping review included 78 articles on career guidance and associated employment issues (e.g., facilitators and barriers to employment) for neurodivergent individuals, while stakeholders, including neurodivergent individuals, counselors, and others, provided insights into their employment experiences. Our scoping review yielded nine themes: career guidance practice, predictors of employment, employment interventions, different forms of employment, work barriers and facilitators, strengths and challenges, person‐job fit, occupation and industry fit, and employment outcomes. The stakeholder consultations complemented the scholarly themes. Results were interpreted using the Stone and Colella theoretical model of factors influencing the treatment of people with disabilities. The model was extended across educational and work contexts, and to include the nature of occupations and industries. Building on this project and our overarching theoretical model, we map a future research agenda for the study of careers amongst neurodivergent individuals. Specifically, we highlight persistent methodological limitations of the literature before turning to theoretical implications across career stages. We conclude with practical implications for career counselors and human resource practitioners. Ultimately, our review calls for researchers and practitioners to help promote sustainable, high‐quality, and fulfilling careers for neurodivergent individuals.
Central Pulse Wave Velocity and Augmentation Index Are Repeatable and Reproducible Measures of Arterial Function
Authors: Russell Sophie L. , Rahman Mushidur , Steward Charles J. , Harwood Amy E. , McGregor Gordon , Banerjee Prithwish , Okwose Nduka C. , Jakovljevic Djordje G.
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

Arterial function (specifically arterial stiffness) is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (Al) are established indicators of arterial function. The present study aimed to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of PWV and Al in healthy individuals.

Methods

Forty healthy participants (age 33 ± 11 years, 17 females) underwent resting supine PWV and Al assessments. Measurements were made in triplicate and repeated 1 week apart. Al was measured by brachial occlusion and PWV was measured from the carotid artery to the femoral artery via the tonometer‐oscillometric method. Repeatability and reproducibility were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Interoperator reproducibility was performed on 10 participants.

Results

The average values for week‐to‐week visits for PWV and Al were 6.20 ± 0.91 versus 6.13 ± 0.91 ms−1 and 14.0 ± 11.8 versus 16.3 ± 12.2% respectively. For same‐day measurements, both PWV and Al showed excellent repeatability (PWV: ICC = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92–0.98, p < 0.01; Al: ICC = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84–0.94, p < 0.01) and interoperator reproducibility (PWV: ICC = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.93–1.00, p < 0.01; Al: ICC = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.69–0.98, p < 0.01). Measurements were repeated 1 week apart and showed good reproducibility (PWV: ICC = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.87, p ≤ 0.01; Al: ICC = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.73–0.86, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

PWV and Al demonstrate excellent repeatability and good reproducibility. Considering these variables are noninvasive and easy‐to‐measure, arterial function assessment may have a role in routine clinical practice to facilitate risk stratification in cardiovascular diseases.
The Types and Effectiveness of Mobile Health Applications Used in Improving Oral Cancer Knowledge: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review
Authors: Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem , Salami Afeez Abolarinwa , Shah Kamini , Zohoori Fatemeh Vida , Nnyanzi Lawrence Achilles
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

The global burden of oral cancer (OC) is enormous. Mobile health applications have been found to play a promising role in cancer prevention; however, no known systematic review evidence exists on whether the use of mobile health applications is effective in increasing public knowledge of OC or not. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on the types and effectiveness of mobile health applications used for improving OC knowledge.

Methods

This study adopted a mixed methods systematic review design. The review methodology was informed by Joanna Brigg's Institute's PRISMA checklist and the AMSTAR‐2 guidelines. The literature used for this review were obtained through the search of multiple sources, including 12 electronic databases, web sources, and manual searching of the reference lists and citations of the included articles. Quality appraisal of the included articles was done using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, after which relevant data were collected, synthesized, and configured.

Results

A total of three high‐quality articles, from two studies conducted in India, were included in this review. The studies investigated 574 participants, who are predominantly doctors and community members, on two Android‐based mobile health applications (M‐OncoED and Prayaas). Only Prayaas was found to significantly increase OC knowledge among its users (p < 0.05). Only M‐OncoED was found to significantly increase the practice of OC screening advice provision among a selected group of users. No other significant finding was reported on the effect of OC knowledge obtained from the use of these applications on clinical, behavioral, and epidemiological outcomes.

Conclusion

Mobile health application‐based education is a highly underutilised but very promising strategy that can be used to improve public knowledge of OC. This strategy needs to be adopted in public education programmes on OC.
Low‐dose aspirin improves blood perfusion of obstetric anticardiolipin syndrome in China
Authors: Cao Yilei , Zhou Renyi , Yu Daier , Zhao Aimin , Zhang Xiaoxin
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study evaluates the endometrial receptivity of obstetric anticardiolipin syndrome (OAPS) patients using various ultrasound indicators and the efficacy of low‐dose aspirin (LDA) treatment.

Methods

This retrospective study recruited patients from Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital, China from January 2022 to December 2023. Doppler parameters of the endometrium and uterine artery blood flow were recorded to assess the endometrial receptivity of OAPS patients compared with normal pregnant women and an other immune diseases group. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to predict the risk of OAPS patients. Doppler parameters of OAPS patients were conducted repeatedly after a 2‐month period of treatment with LDA.

Results

Compared with normal pregnant women, the OAPS group showed remarkably increased endometrial perfusion resistance (PI, RI, S/D) and uterine artery perfusion resistance (RI and S/D) (P < 0.001) and had good predictive values (area under the curve = 0.806, 0.976, 0.942, 0.902, and 0.901, respectively). The endometrial thickness of the OAPS group was much thinner than that of the normal group (P < 0.001). Uterine blood flow impedance PI showed no difference in both groups (P = 0.68). In comparison to other autoimmune diseases, the OAPS group also showed an increasing trend in the resistance of endometrium and uterine artery blood flow. After LDA treatment, there was an obvious improvement in the endometrial blood flow perfusion in the OAPS group (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Compared with the normal group and other autoimmune diseases, the resistance of endometrial and uterine artery blood flow in the OAPS group was increased significantly. The Doppler index showed the predictive value of OAPS, and it was confirmed that LDA could enhance blood perfusion among OAPS women.
Advancing Leukocyte Classification: A Cutting‐Edge Deep Learning Approach for AI‐Driven Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Shaik Ahmadsaidulu , Tiwari Abhishek , Neelapu Balachakravarthy , Jain Puneet Kumar , Banoth Earu
Published: October 2024

White blood cells (WBCs) are crucial components of the immune system, responsible for detecting and eliminating pathogens. Accurate detection and classification of WBCs are essential for various clinical diagnostics. This study aims to develop an AI framework for detecting and classifying WBCs from microscopic images using a customized YOLOv5 model with three key modifications. Firstly, the C3 module in YOLOv5's backbone is replaced with the innovative C3TR structure to enhance feature extraction and reduce background noise. Secondly, the BiFPN is integrated into the neck to improve feature localization and discrimination. Thirdly, an additional layer in the head enhances detection of small WBCs. Experiments on the BCCD dataset, comprising 352 microscopic blood smear images with leukocytes, demonstrated the framework's superiority over state‐of‐the‐art methods, achieving 99.4% accuracy. Furthermore, the model exhibits computational efficiency, operating over five times faster than existing YOLO models. These findings underscore the framework's promise in medical diagnostics, showcasing deep learning's supremacy in automated cell classification.
“It's the thoughts you don't really say in your head”: Building narrative identity in the high school to college writing transition
Authors: Sullivan Vanessa
Published: October 2024

This article presents the findings of a study in which college freshman reflected on the process of writing a literacy narrative and considered the impact of such writing on their narrative identities. The author synthesizes existing scholarship on literacy narratives, discusses the methodology of interpretive phenomenological analysis utilized, and highlights the pedagogical choices that writing instructors can make to utilize this assignment to support academic confluence based on the findings.
ANGPTL4—A protein involved in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and tumor development
Authors: Xu Zhilong , Jiang Gening
Published: October 2024

Since ANGPTL4 was discovered to be involved in lipid metabolism in 2000 for the first time, Angptl4 has attracted the attention of researchers. With the further research, it was found that angptl4 was also involved in many biological activities (glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, wound healing, tumor growth, etc.) in vivo. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamental role of ANGPTL4 in metabolic regulation and its impact on tumor growth. These insights may provide a way for exploring ANGPTL4 as a potential therapeutic target for future disease treatments.
Effects of airway clearance in hospitalized children with neurologic impairment
Authors: Warniment Amanda , Hall Matt , Berry Jay G. , Korn Emilie , Griego Elena , Lu Elise , Steuart Rebecca , Bonafide Chris , Simon Tamara , Tarchichi Tony , Shah Samir S. , Thomson Joanna
Published: October 2024

Airway clearance therapies (ACT) are often used to optimize respiratory function for children with neurologic impairment (CNI) hospitalized with acute respiratory infections (ARI). In a five‐center retrospective cohort study of CNI aged 1–18 years hospitalized between 2013 and 2015 with ARI, we assessed the association of admission ACT with hospital outcomes (days to return to baseline respiratory support and length of stay [LOS]). Generalized estimated equation (GEE) models examined the association between ACT and outcomes, while accounting for clustering. Propensity scores estimating the likelihood of receiving ACT were included in the GEE models as inverse probability of treatment weights to account for confounding. In adjusted analyses, children receiving admission ACT required similar time to return to respiratory baseline (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.24, 95%CI: 0.95,1.62) and had similar LOS (aRR 1.08, 95%CI: 0.88,1.32) compared with children not receiving ACT. Future studies should seek to identify subpopulations of CNI who benefit most from ACT.
Repeatability, Reproducibility, and Observer Variability of Cortical T1 Mapping for Renal Tissue Characterization
Authors: Nowak Magdalena , Henningsson Markus , Davis Tom , Chowdhury Najib , Dennis Andrea , Fernandes Carolina , Thomaides Brears Helena , Robson Matthew D.
Published: October 2024

Background

The global rise in kidney diseases underscores the need for reliable, noninvasive imaging biomarkers. Among these, renal cortical T1 has shown promise but further technical validation is still required.

Purpose

To evaluate the repeatability, reproducibility, and observer variability of kidney cortical T1 mapping in human volunteers without known renal disease.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Three cohorts without renal disease: 1) 25 volunteers (median age 38 [interquartile range, IQR: 28–42] years, female N = 11) for scan–rescan assessments on GE 1.5 T and Siemens 1.5 T; 2) 29 volunteers (median age 29 [IQR: 24–40] years, female N = 15) for scan–rescan assessments on Siemens 3 T; and 3) 16 volunteers (median age 34 [IQR: 31–42] years, female N = 8) for cross‐scanner reproducibility.

Field Strength/Sequences

1.5 T and 3 T, a modified Look‐Locker imaging (MOLLI) sequence with a balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) readout.

Assessment

Kidney cortical T1 data was acquired on GE 1.5 T scanner, Siemens 1.5 T and 3 T scanners. Within‐scanner repeatability and inter/intra‐observer variability: GE 1.5 T and Siemens 1.5 T, and cross‐scanner manufacturer reproducibility: Siemens 1.5 T–GE 1.5 T.

Statistical Tests

Bland Altman analysis, coefficient of variation (CoV), intra‐class coefficient (ICC), and repeatability coefficient (RC).

Results

Renal cortical T1 mapping showed high repeatability and reliability across scanner field strengths and manufacturers (repeatability: CoV 1.9%–2.8%, ICC 0.79–0.88, pooled RC 73 msec; reproducibility: CoV 3.0%, ICC 0.75, RC 90 msec). The method also showed robust observer variability (CoV 0.6%–1.4%, ICC 0.93–0.98, RC 22–48 msec).

Data Conclusion

Kidney cortical T1 mapping is a highly repeatable and reproducible method across MRI manufacturers, field strengths, and observer conditions.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Optimization of extraction for efficient recovery of kenaf seed protein isolates: evaluation of physicochemical and techno‐functional characteristics
Authors: Hamim Nur Aqilah , Saari Nazamid , Wan Ibadullah Wan Zunairah , Mohamed Abdul Manan Dos , Anwar Farooq , Hasan Muhamad Yusuf , Abdul Rahim Mohd Zulkhairi , Abdul Rahman Muhammad Sharir , Karim Roselina
Published: October 2024

Background

Kenaf seeds are a rich source of protein; however, finding the best extraction method is crucial to obtaining high‐quality protein from these underutilized seeds. This research devised an optimized extraction process for best recovery of kenaf seeds protein using response surface methodology. The key parameters affecting the yield and protein content were optimized, including extraction pH (2–11), seed:water ratio (5:1–50:1), temperature (30–90 °C), and duration (20–360 min). The physicochemical and techno‐functional properties of kenaf seed protein isolates (KSPIs) were examined.

Results

A maximum protein yield of 12.05 g/100 g with purity level 91.94 g/100 g was obtained using an optimized extraction with pH 11.0, seed:water ratio 50:1, 360 min duration, and temperature 50 °C. The oil and water retention capacities of KSPI were 1.14 mL g−1 and 1.37 mL g−1 respectively. After 30 min at pH 7, KSPIs demonstrated remarkable emulsion capacity (83.12%) and stability (75.63%), along with high foaming capacity (106%) and stability (18.3%). As per high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis, arginine, glutamic acid, leucine, phenylalanine, and lysine were the most abundant amino acids detected in KPSIs. The KSPIs’ globular protein structure was successfully verified using analytical approaches, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, protein fraction ratios, and differential scanning calorimetry. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that KPSI has a molecular weight distribution ranging from 10 kDa to 50 kDa.

Conclusion

The results of this study support the application of the proposed response‐surface‐methodology‐optimized extraction method for efficient recovery of high‐quality kenaf seed proteins that meet the necessary physicochemical and techno‐functional requirements. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quality assessment of various Xiushui Ninghong tea types
Authors: Zhu Zhenling , Lai Yan , Xiong Yan , Xiao Yong , Wei Yihua , Zhang Jinyan , Li Siming
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Xiushui Ninghong tea (XSNH) has a long history and is renowned both in China and internationally. Based on different processing techniques, XSNH can be classified into Ninghong Congou, Ninghong Tea Jinhao, Ninghong Tea Longxucha and other types. To investigate the differences in nutrient compounds and mineral element contents among various types of XSNH, 34 samples from seven types were collected, primarily from tea‐producing areas.

RESULTS

Statistical analysis indicated no significant differences in the contents of crude polysaccharides, K, Mg and Fe, whereas significant differences were observed in the levels of moisture, free amino acids, caffeine, tea polyphenols, thearubigin, theaflavins, Zn, P, Mn, Cu and Se. The data were analyzed using various statistical methods such as hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Characteristic compounds and elements such as theaflavin, Se, free amino acids, P and tea polyphenols were identified as key differential components for distinguishing different sample types.

CONCLUSION

Our research has highlighted the differences in chemical indicators among various types of XSNH, providing a crucial theoretical basis for the future classification and grading of XSNH quality. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.