bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphology of the gerund in Degema and its reconstruction in proto-Edoid
Authors: Elugbe Ben Ohi
Published: September 2021

The gerund in Degema (Delta Edoid) is derived by affixing a discontinuous morpheme to the verb stem. Verb stems ending in a vowel take a shorter form of this morpheme while stems ending in a consonant (even if such a consonant is derived from an underlying close vowel by glide formation) have the longer allomorph affixed to them. Cognates of this morpheme are identified in the three other branches of Edoid, and an attempt is therefore made to reconstruct the segmental shape of the gerund morpheme in Proto-Edoid; it comes out as *U...Amhi with vowel harmony rules determining the alternants. Although the tones of the morphemes are not reconstructed, various issues involved in the reconstruction of its segmental shape are discussed.
Formal correlates of focussing in Kimatuumbi
Authors: Odden David
Published: September 2021

Many African languages have a system of grammatical focusing which pragmatically highlights certain elements of a sentence. Such systems of focus often have significant consequences in the syntax and morphology of languages, in that selection of a particular type of focal morphology prevents syntactic rules from applying (or forces syntactic rules to apply). This paper investigates the focusing system of one Bantu language, Kimatuumbi. It is argued that the optimal account of Kimatuumbi focus is to allow the syntactic rules to apply blindly and to filter out the unacceptable conflicts in focus via a pragmatic filter.
Verb serialization and lexical reanalysis the case of compound verbs in Edo
Authors: Agheyisi Rebecca N.
Published: September 2021

This paper examines a category of compound verbs which features a particular kind of affix morpheme, with a view to determining the nature of the relation between this affix and other homophonous forms in the language which synchronically belong to different grammatical categories. In line with findings from similar studies of serial verb constructions in languages such as Mandarin Chinese and Yoruba, we have shown through our Edo data not only that certain verbs undergo grammaticalization and lexical re-analysis historically in the context of serial constructions to become prepositional case markers and adverbs synchronically, but also that some of these grammaticalized forms do undergo further lexical reanalysis and semantic depletion and ultimately become incorporated as affixal morphemes in compound verbs.
The temporal role of eastern Bantu -ba and -li
Authors: Botne Robert
Published: September 2021

In the eastern Bantu languages forms of the verb 'be', -ba and/or -I i , are commonly employed in complex constructions in which they take sentential{-like) complements. Though often considered to be semantically empty in these constructions, they are analyzed here as shifters, having both referential and indexical properties. As such they function to establish additional parameters to the temporal framework in which the narrated event is to be interpreted.
Respose to Wilt discourse distance and the Swahili demonstratives
Authors: Leonard Robert
Published: September 2021

Response to Wilt on Discourse distance and the Swahili demonstrative.
Nominal relations in systemic dependency grammar
Authors: Owens Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Traditionally dependency grammar recognizes heads and dependents as primitive elements [Tesniere 1959, Robinson 1970, Hudson 1984]. I have suggested [Owens 1984b, 1985a] that these notions are dispensable ones and in this paper support this point with data from nominal relations (NP relations) in Oromo. In the first part of this paper, I describe the basic theoretical model, and in the second I consider two phenomena that have often been assumed to require the recognition of the notion 'head' (e.g. Zwicky [1985], namely agreement and case marking. I argue that no such notion is needed to describe them.
A note on Hausa plurals
Authors: Burquest Donald A.
Published: September 2021

In their presentation of three-dimensional phonology, Halle and Vergnaud [1980, 1981] propose that Hausa singular nouns are morphologically complex like the plural forms, composed of a stem plus a singular suffix. This paper argues that this analysis is incorrect, but that the proposal that singular nouns are morphologically complex is not necessary to demonstrate the usefulness of an autosegmental analysis. Among the arguments presented is a claim that palatalization of coronal obstruents in Hausa is a cyclic rule, but one applying only to derived words, not stems. It is further demonstrated that Hausa makes use of rules which in parallel fashion delete syllable nuclei occurring directly preceding syllable nuclei, and syllable appendices occurring directly preceding syllable appendices. Thus, the two approaches of autosegmental phonology and lexical phonology work together to account for the facts of the Hausa nominal forms in question.
Empty operator raising in Kitharaka
Authors: Harford Carolyn
Published: September 2021

The Kenyan Bantu language Kitharaka (E.54) has a biclausal construction in which a verb with an athematic subject takes a finite complement. A referential NP in the matrix subject position may acquire its thematic role through linkage with an argument at a lower level of embedding. The paper presents evidence that this construction, referred to as Empty Operator Raising, involves empty operator movement, although it is also semantically similar to Raising-to-Subject. If the matrix subject is distinct from the subject of the nearest embedded clause, this clause must contain a clefted NP. The author proposes that this clefting is a distancing strategy to prevent an empty operator in SPEC/CP from binding the embedded subject position, to avoid forming an illicit chain with the matrix subject.
Class 5 allomorphy in Ciyao
Authors: Ngunga Annindo S.
Published: September 2021

Studies of Ciyao, a Bantu language classified as P.21 by Guthrie [1967-71], agree that there are 18 noun classes, each of which determines a primary prefix on the noun, and concord prefixes on elements that agree with head nouns. Most of the primary prefixes have the shape CV- or N- both in Proto-Bantu and in Ciyao. In contemporary Ciyao, class 5 nouns take a prefix which has two allomorphs, the expected CV- di- alternating with the isolated CVV- dii-, posing the problem of how to explain their source and distribution. The purpose of this paper is to document the realization of Ciyao class 5 in detail, and to demonstrate that the di/dii- alternation is prosodically conditioned.
A note on subject clitics in Akan
Authors: Campbell Richard
Published: September 2021

This paper is concerned with the analysis of pronominal subject clitics (SCLs) in Akan within the Priniciples and Parameters framework of syntactic theory. Two kinds of analysis are considered: one, where the SCL is a true pronoun, generated in an argument position (the argument analysis); the other, where the SCL is an inflectional element residing in Infl, which identifies a null pronominal (pro) in subject position (the pro analysis). On the basis of the distribution of null objects in causative constructions, it is argued that the pro analysis provides a more elegant account of the facts of Akan than does the argument analysis. Akan is therefore analyzed as a pro-drop, or null subject, language, permitting null pronominal subjects under certain circumstances. Finally, possible implications for Universal Grammar are considered.
The role of tense and aspect in Mbodomo narrative discourse
Authors: Boyd Ginger
Published: September 2021

In Mbodomo, a Gbaya language spoken in Cameroon, the tense/aspect of the verb plays an important role in narrative discourse. In general, tense/aspect is not marked on main clause verbs except in the story setting. Outside of the story setting, tense/aspect inflection is used for marking discontinuity of reference (topic, participants), situation (time, location), or action within the narrati ve text.
Osculance in Bantu reconstructions
Authors: Bostoen Koen
Published: September 2021

In historical linguistics, variation functions as an indicator of historical evolution. The set of Proto-Bantu reconstructions contains multiple slightly divergent forms and/or meanings which supposedly have a common origin based on their strong resemblance, but which cannot be directly connected by means of established Bantu phonological shifts or known semantic shifts. The term "osculance" has been used to refer to this phenomenon. As a likely sign of non-ascertained dialectal variability and unknown historical relations at or even beyond the Proto-Bantu level, these "osculant" clusters deserve more detailed study. Prerequisite to detailed study of these clusters, however, is determination of the genuineness of the osculance. In this paper, some exploratory tracks are set out via a case study of the sample pair o-kadang-/O-kang- (to fry, to roast).
Preface to SAL Supplement 11
Authors: Editors Editors
Published: September 2021

No abstract is available for SAL supplements.
Sonority hierarchy constraint on Hausa abutting consonants
Authors: Bature Abdullahi
Published: September 2021

No abstract is available for SAL supplements.
Emplois et valeurs des marqueurs way et mana en Hawsa
Authors: Attouman Mahaman Bachir
Published: September 2021

Le but de cet article est de présenter deux marqueurs en Hawsa dans leur fonctionnement et leurs valeurs, wáy et mànà. Wáy exprime une valeur modale qui se réalise sous la forme soit d’un renvoi à autrui soit d’un recours à autrui. Quant à mànà, ses deux significations de réitération renforcée d’une injonction et de confirmation, elles peuvent être ramenées à une seule et même opération de reprise identificatrice d’un énoncé antérieur après que sa validation ait rencontré un obstacle.
The curious case of auxiliary -manya in Lwitaxo
Authors: Botne Robert
Published: September 2021

Lwitaxo, one of the Luhya languages of Kenya, has an auxiliary verb of the form -many’a that occurs in compound constructions that express either a generic reading (“normally do V”) or a culminative reading (“ended up V-ing”). This verb is identical in form to the lexical verb -many’a ‘(come to) know’. However, while there are attested cases of KNOW verbs grammaticalizing as habitual/generic auxiliaries, there are no such attestations of KNOW verbs grammaticalizing as indicators of culmination. The author proposes that auxiliary -many’a is the unique result of a convergence of factors—sound change, morphophonological analogy, and semantic reinterpretation—that led an original auxiliary, -mala ‘finish’, to shift in form to resemble lexical -many’a.
Auxiliary verb constructions in the languages of Africa
Authors: Anderson Gregory D.
Published: September 2021

Auxiliary verb constructions–constructions with two or more elements of verbal origin, one of which expresses functional semantic categories–are widespread among the languages of Africa. In the following discussion, I present a typology of inflection in auxiliary verb constructions [AVCs] in the languages of Africa. While there are several macro-patterns of distribution seen in the various African languages, only a small selection are presented in some detail here, viz. the doubled and split/doubled inflectional patterns, along with the fusing of subject markers and TAM/polarity auxiliaries into so-called tensed pronouns that are relatively more common in AVCs across the languages of the continent than in most other parts of the world.
Demarcating Emai dative constructions
Authors: Schaefer Ronald P.
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the formal and functional character of a dative relation and two additional structural relations in Emai, an Edoid language of West Benue Congo stock (Bendor-Samuel 1989, Williamson and Blench 2000). Each relation is grammatically expressed by a common morphophoneme. Postverbal particle li/ni marks Emai dative constituents. In addition, li/ni codes a limited range of subordinate clause types within complex sentences, and within noun phrases it designates a subset of modifying constituents. To bridge the common formal marking across these structural relations, we postulate their identification of a semantic ground type (within a figure-ground complex) characterized by spatial collectivity and temporal continuity. Our overall conclusion thus pertains to the function of perspective taking in grammar and its formal marking (Talmy 2000), with special emphasis placed on the dative relation.
The origin of mid vowels in Siwi
Authors: Souag Lameen , Van Putten Marijn
Published: September 2021

Recent documentation has established that the Siwi language of western Egypt, unlike most other Berber languages, has two phonemic mid vowels appearing not only in Arabic loanwords but also in inherited vocabulary: /e/ and /o/. This article examines their origin. Proto-Berber originally had a single mid vowel *e, which appears to have been retained in Siwi only before word-final /n/. In all other environments the contrast between *i and *e has been neutralized, although word-finally this contrast seems to have survived into the 19th century. Instances of /e/ in other environments are phonetically conditioned, deriving variously from *i, *ăy, or *ă in appropriate contexts. The few attestations of /o/ are irregular, but occur in environments paralleling those in which /e/ is attested synchronically. Modern Siwi mid vowels are thus mostly secondary developments; except in final /-en/, they provide no direct evidence for the reconstruction of mid vowels in earlier intermediate stages of Berber.
Conditional constructions in Lopit, an Eastern Nilotic language
Authors: Moodie Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Lopit is an Eastern Nilotic language of South Sudan. It has a number of ways of expressing conditionals. The most common way involves the use of the subordinate clause marker l- on the clause-initial verb which introduces the protasis. This marker is also used in other clauses which are not conditionals. There is also the conjunction lojo, ‘if, when’, which can introduce the protasis. Another method is the use of the irrealis, the conditional and the potential mode of the verb in the protasis. The first method appears not to be used in other Eastern Nilotic languages.
Separation events in Tafi language and culture
Authors: Bobuafor Mercy
Published: September 2021

Separation events differ in lexicalisation patterns (Talmy 2000) and in argument realisation (Levin and Rappaport Hovav 2005) cross-linguistically. There are different types of separation events. “Cutting” and “breaking” events involve a non-reversible change in object integrity and have been systematically researched cross-linguistically in recent times (Guerssel et al 1985; Bohnemeyer 2008; Majid et al. 2008; Schaefer and Egbokhare 2012). In this paper, some of the generalisations that have been made concerning CUT and BREAK verbs are tested based on data from Tafi, a Ghana-Togo Mountain language. I investigate the morpho-syntactic properties of Tafi CUT and BREAK verbs in relation to a suggested generalisation by Guerssel et al. that BREAK verbs have a transitive/intransitive argument structure and participate in the causative/inchoative alternation; while CUT verbs are transitive and they are not expected to occur without their external argument. The types of events referred to by the CUT and BREAK verbs and the combinatorial capacity of the individual verbs are also explored. Based on an analysis of stimulus-elicitations and spontaneous language performances recorded in the field, I show that the Tafi verb bhui ‘cut’ can be used in an intransitive/resultative construction in which the theme, the internal argument, occurs as the subject. Drawing on the behaviour of bhui ‘cut’ I interrogate the explanations that have been offered in the literature with respect to such deviations from the generalisation. I argue that the verb argument alternation potential of a verb depends on the verb semantics as well as the type of (internal) argument it collocates with. Moreover, I explore the semantic interpretations of the verb when it combines with non-typical objects such as ‘water’. I show that such patterns and collocations such as ‘the water cut’ = ‘the water stopped running’, ‘cut a village’ = ‘establish a village’ are areal in nature (cf. Huttar et al. 2007).
The inclusion of prefixal material in Zulu reduplication
Authors: Cook Toni
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper is twofold: to introduce new data that show reduplication in Zulu admits inflectional morphemes to the left of the verb stem rather than within the stem on the right, and to give an analysis of Zulu reduplication that does not require access to underlying morphosyntactic structure. Instead, reduplication is a template-filling copying operation that interacts with linear phonological structures and does not target morphosyntactic objects. The data presented here argue for an analysis in which the crucial distinction is between morphemes within the scope of reduplication and those outside it; the left/right asymmetry in the appearance of inflectional morphemes in the reduplicant is attributable to a process of Local Dislocation (Embick 2007). Reduplication is treated as a copying operation that has indirect access only to morphosyntactic structure through phonological operations. Consequently, reified subconstituents of the verb complex, such as the Macrostem (Hyman, Inkelas, and Sibanda 2009), are not accessible as such to the process of reduplication. However, data from VCV stems show that morphosyntactic structure affects reduplication in certain constructions. Tonal data is used to show that the “prefixal” affiliation of prefixal morphemes is voided if these morphemes are reduplicated.
The interaction of number and gender in Katcha
Authors: Turner Darryl
Published: September 2021

The Kadu languages of Sudan’s Nuba Mountains have been the subject of an ongoing controversy regarding whether they should be classified as Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan, or as an independent family. Against this background, I present novel data from nouns in Katcha. I show that not only does the number system have elements typical of both NiloSaharan and Niger-Congo, but that in its interaction with gender it is strikingly reminiscent of Afro-Asiatic, in ways that are typologically unusual. Where nouns are morphologically marked for number, the affix and not the root determines gender, leading to the type of gender polarity more commonly observed in Semitic. More unusually, and more controversially, the semantic basis of the third gender appears to be plurality. ‘Plural gender’ has been argued to exist in some Cushitic languages, but has never previously been documented outside that family.
Encoding the plural-honorific suffix -ani and the imperfective anga in Malawian CiTonga (N.15)
Authors: Mkochi Winfred
Published: September 2021

Many Bantu languages have the plural-honorific suffix *-Vni and the imperfective morpheme *-a(n)g-. In most of these languages, *-Vni is reported to be clearly encoded at POST-FINAL position. On the other hand, *-a(n)g- is said to be ambiguously encoded, either at EXT (extension) in one language or FV (final vowel) in another language. Still in others it coexists at both EXT and FV; there has also been a suggestion that it is encoded at POST-FINAL in several others. This article argues that the status of both the plural-honorific suffix -ani (*-Vni) and the imperfective -anga (*-a(n)g)- in CiTonga is fluid, it prevaricates between EXTENSION (suffix), FV (the commonest), and POST-FINAL (clitic). Although these formatives can be encoded at these positions, they are shown to be functionally different from extensions, inflectional vowel suffixes and clitics
Online Multilingualism in African Written Conversations
Authors: Pérez-Sabater Carmen , Maguelouk-Moffo Ginette
Published: September 2021

The objective of this research is to analyse current written practices within the global South. Specifically, we examine language mixing phenomena in written online texts publicly displayed on the official Facebook page of one of the two most important football players in the history of Cameroon, Samuel Eto’o. By means of a quantitative and languaging analysis proposed by Androutsopoulos (2014), we see that indigenous Cameroonian languages are now being written in public spaces. Instances of lexical items in these languages are sometimes inserted in Facebook comments to establish local/national identity, to emphasise the fact that the player is a Cameroonian. However, Cameroonian national identity still is usually constructed through the exclusive use of English and French. Interestingly, the study shows that code-switching (CS) to a particular language may function as a distancing technique, an impoliteness strategy towards the player.
Review of Bantu applicative constructions
Authors: Henderson Brent
Published: September 2021

This is a review of Bantu applicative constructions by Sara Pacchiarotti. CSLI Publications, Stanford California.
REVITALISASI SARANA MCK MASYARAKAT DI DESA ADAT KAMPUNG URUG KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Alamsyah Ahmad Tossin , Adiputra Edward , Hapsari Desi Kusuma
Published: September 2021

Kampung adat Urug yang berlokasi di Desa Urug Kecamatan Sukajaya Kabupaten Bogor Propinsi Jawa Barat menjadi destinasi wisata budaya bagi pelancong yang ingin menemukan alternatif rekreasi unik di Sukajaya. Tatanan masyarakat yang bertahan dengan tradisi dengan keramah tamahan masyarakatnya menjadi daya tarik tersendiri saat kita menginjakkan kaki di kampung adat Urug. Kondisi alam yang asri dan masih terjaga dengan latar Gunung Manapa menambah pemandangan eksotis yang menyejukkan. Sudah banyak pelajar bahkan peneliti yang mengamati lebih dalam tentang keunikan kampung adat Urug yang diakui sebagai warisan budaya kerajaan Siliwangi. Melalui kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat yang Program Magister Terapan Teknik Elejtro (MTTE) akan dilakukan kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat bebabasis Prodi dengan judul : Revitalisasi Sarana MCK Masyarakat Di Desa Adat Kampung Urug Kabupaten Bogor Kegiatan utamanya adalah merevitalisasi fasilitas masyarakat yang berada di desa kampung urug , berupa MCK sebanyak 3 (tiga pintu ) di dua (2) bangunan agar didapatkan tempat yang bersih, dengan mooto“Mens sana in corpore sano” masyarakat kampung Urug harus sehat jiwanya maupun fisiknya. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di RT 05 Desa Urug Leuwiliang Kabupaten Bogor. Pemilihan ini didasarkan pada kondisi lingkungan yang mana daerah ini merupakan tujuan wisata dengan konsekuensi dampak baik dan buruk dari dari tujuan wisata ini akan dipengaruhi oleh kondisi perikau dan keberesihan masyarakat itu sendiri.
Pelatihan Manajemen Konstruksi Sederhana dan Pengelasan Bagi Santri Pondok Pesantren Manarul Huda Desa Pasir Angin, RT 02, RW 04, Cipayung Datar, Kecamatan Mega Mendung, Bogor
Authors: Amalia Amalia
Published: September 2021

Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah memberikan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan di bidang manajemen sederhana dan ketrampilan pengelasan kepada kelompok santri pondok pesantren di Desa Pasir Angin,  RT  02,  RW  04,  Cipayung  Datar,  Kecamatan Mega  Mendung,  Bogor.    Dengan  bekal ketrampilan dan pengetahuan tentang manajemen sederhana di bidang bangunan dan pengelasan, diharapkan setelah santri lulus dari pondok pesantren dapat siap memasuki dunia kerja serta membuka peluang usaha di bidang pengelasan atau sebagai mandor bangunan atau pemborong. Adanya ketrampilan ini juga diharapkan, setelah lulus, santri memiliki ketrampilan dan dapat mengurangi pengangguran. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan di atas adalah dengan memberikan pelatihan tentang manajemen sederhana bidang  bangunan dan  ketrampilan pengelasan kepada  kelompok  santri pondok pesantren desa Pasir Angin. Selain memberikan teori di kelas, kegiatan pelatihan juga diberikan praktik pengelasan, praktik membuat railing/pagar, dan praktik menghitung kebutuhan bahan serta praktik merencanakan kebutuhan tenaga kerja dan cara mengelolanya. Praktik diarahkan untuk memperbaiki dan menyediakan prasarana pondok pesantren. Sebelum melaksanakan praktik, peserta pelatihan diarahkan untuk merencanakan kebutuhan bahan praktik dan merencanakan waktu serta mengelola tenaga kerjanya. Dengan demikian, selain menambah pengetahuan dan ketrampilan santri, sekaligus memperbaiki prasarana pondok pesantren. Pelatihan telah dilaksanakan selama 6 hari, mulai hari Ahad, 3 November 2019. Hasil pelatihan, santri dapat membaca gambar, mengukur, memotong, mengelas, dan membuat railing/pagar untuk asrama lantai 2.
Alih Teknologi Trouble Shooting Komputer Untuk Ikatan Pemuda Muhammadiyah, Beji, Depok
Authors: R Haolia , R Sidiq , D Candra , M Hasvienda , Y Asep
Published: September 2021

Kekuatan manusia terletak pada akal pikirannya. Berdasarkan latar belakang  ini, maka manusia harus senantiasa terus berinovasi berbuat banyak agar bermanfaat bagi masyarakat dan lingkungan. Salah satu ikhtiar manusia guna mencapai keberhasilan inovasinya ialah dengan mengaplikasikan gagasan menjadi bentuk nyata. Dengan bantuan teknologi, manusia semakin mudah mencapai setiap tujuannya, misalnya dengan hadirnya gawai semakin mempermudah manusia dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari khususnya segala sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan pekerjaan atau aktifitas sehari-hari. Program Studi D-3 Teknik Mesin, Jurusan Teknik Mesin Politeknik Negeri Jakarta melaksanakan suatu terobosan dalam memanfaatkan teknologi yakni dengan mengadakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat  guna  menggali  manfaat  eksistensi Perguruan Tinggi sebagai wadah para akademisi dalam mengaplikasikan Tri Darma Perguruan Tinggi.  Tema Pengabdian Masyarakat D-3 Teknik Mesin adalah mengenai Trouble Shooting komputer yang dilaksanakan di SMA 2 Muhammadiyah Beji Depok. Adapun pesertanya   ialah   para   pemuda   Muhammadiyah   yang   keseluruhannya   juga merupakan siswa SMA  ini.  Tujuan Pengabdian  masyarakat  bagi peserta adalah peningkatan wawasan dan keterampilan peserta dalam dalam trouble shooting komputer khususnya dalam amteri instal ulang windows 7 dan cara melakukan reset password pada komputer. Adapun upaya dari program ini ialah membekali isswa dengan modul dan flaskdisk yang di dalamnya sudah terdapat software windows 7 dan beberapa komponen.
Aplicação de ferramentas didáticas e lúdicas, associadas ao ensino e aprendizagem de algoritmo e lógica de programação
Authors: Costa Joszislaine da , Ribeiro Júnior Sebastião
Published: September 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar algumas ferramentas didáticas e lúdicas que possam servir no processo de ensino-aprendizagem tanto da lógica quanto da programação. Sua estruturação foi realizada à partir da seguinte pergunta norteadora: Quais ferramentas podem servir como subsídio para ensino da programação e lógica nas instituições de ensino?. A metodologia usada foi a exploratória descritiva, onde buscou-se reunir algumas ferramentas práticas, testadas por estudos diversos e que apresentam-se como potencialmente efetivas neste processo. Na conclusiva observou-se que o uso dessas ferramentas lúdicas, intuitivas e didáticas, além de apresentar um baixo custo, pode auxiliar o aluno em seu processo de ensino e aprendizagem de algoritmos e lógica de programação.
НАСЛІДКИ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЇ КРИЗИ: СВІТОВІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ
Authors: Лола Юлія
Published: September 2021

Поєднання переходу суспільства до шостого технологічного устрою та глобальної економічної кризи, що почалася у 2019 році, поглибила економічні, екологічні та соціально-політичні проблеми людства. Наслідком такого стану є посилення нерівномірності розподілу доходів в світі, що підтверджує проведений аналіз ВВП на душу населення фіксованого в цінах 2010 року за 175 країнами світу протягом 2019 – 2020 років. Для аналізу використано метод описової статистики в пакеті програм «Statistica». Медіанне значення показника свідчить про те, що хоча показник має суттєвий розмах (208,07$ до 111043,5$), у 87 країнах світу він не перевищував 5792,3 $. Середній рівень падіння динаміки росту цього показнику в світі становить 4%. Однак, є група країн, в якій зберігся позитивний темп росту (Гайана, Гвінея, Ефіопія, Китай, В’єтнам, Єгипет, Ірландія, Таджикистан), що свідчить про наявність ефективного антикризового потенціалу в цих країнах.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT LITERASI KEUANGAN MAHASISWA (Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta)
Authors: BAJ Tutik Apriyanti , BAJ Sri Astuti , BAJ Ichsan Setiyo Budi
Published: September 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of the variables gender, age, GPA, work experience and parental education level on the level of financial literacy of FEB UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta students. This study used a purposive sampling method. The determination of the sample in this study used to Slovin formula with an error rate of 10% in order to obtain a research sample of 104 respondents at the Faculty of Economics and Business UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta.  The data collection technique in this research is by using a questionnaire.  The analysis used is multiple regression analysis using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciense) version 25. The results of this study indicate that the GPA variable and the level of parental education have a positive and significant effect on the level of student financial literacy while the variables gender, age and work experience do not has a positive and significant affect on the level of student financial literacy.
DAMPAK PERUBAHAN PERILAKU KONSUMEN SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA PENINGKATAN PENJUALAN E-COMMERCE PADA KAB. SUMENEP
Authors: BAJ Istiyanatul Mahbubah , BAJ Sofie Yunida Putri
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 has resulted in various business sectors, especially MSMEs facing far more significant challenges and uncertainties than before, so it is necessary to build greater adaptability through the digitalization process, a challenge for all business sectors to operate efficiently and safely. In addition, one way that can help them maintain efficiency and safe operations during the pandemic is to adopt digitalization or start switching from conventional trading methods to online trading, which is often known as electronic commerce (e-commerce). This spending medium is nothing new. However, due to the limitations and restrictions that existed during the pandemic, consumers tend to experience changes in shopping behaviour, so this will affect the increase in e-commerce business sales. The study aims to identify how the impact of changes in consumer behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic on increasing sales of e-commerce businesses in Sumenep Regency. This research is quantitative research using SPSS as a test tool. This study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes in consumer behaviour that affect the increase in sales of the E-Commerce business in Sumenep Regency, which means that the pandemic has increased income for e-commerce business people when compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic.
EVALUASI SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN PEMERINTAH (SPIP) PADA PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DI DINAS PERINDUSTRIAN DAN PERDAGANGAN KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Authors: BAJ Desti Amelia , BAJ Abdul Halim
Published: September 2021

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the implementation of SPIP in the Finance Sub-Section on the process of preparing financial reporting for the Sleman Industry and Trade Office (Disperindag) by referring to Government Regulation Number 60 of 2008 and Regulation of the Head of BPKP Number 4 of 2016. level 4 “Managed & Scalable”. This figure shows that the Government's Internal Control System (SPIP) in the process of preparing SKPD financial reports at the Disperindag Sleman has been effective but not yet optimum. Internal control practices in the process of preparing financial statements have been implemented in accordance with applicable policies, are automated through the Regional Financial Information System, and are documented. However, there are several weaknesses, namely the absence of an evaluation on the development of Human Resources and restrictions on access to financial information systems, as well as evaluation activities that do not use the information system to monitor the progress of follow-up evaluations automatically.
Comets, Water, and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Authors: Sheldon Rob`ert
Published: September 2021

We argue that the cosmological origin-of-life problem is tightly connected to the origin-of-water problem, because life is not possible without abundant water. Since comets are astronomically dark and composed of water, as well as possessing microfossils, they are an underestimated candidate for the origin of life. If in addition dark matter is composed of comets, then water outweighs the visible stars, possibly solving several cosmological mysteries simultaneously. This motivates us to consider how it is possible to build a cosmological model in which water is formed in the Big Bang and then hidden from modern astronomy. In the process, we discover that magnetic fields play an important role in making water, as well as addressing several well-known deficiencies of the standard lambda-CDM cosmological model of the Big Bang. We do not see this paper as a demonstration but as an outline of how to address the origin of life problem with dark comets.
Whose Safety is the Priority?
Authors: Fry Allie , Austin Jeanie
Published: September 2021

Police and policing have tacitly, and at times explicitly, been normalized as aspects of library service in the U.S. As American forms of policing are exported at an international scale, this has international implications. Justification for embedded policing inside library walls has turned upon librarian and library staff conceptions of safety. This essay posits that a lack of critical engagement with the topics of policing and safety reflects the deficit of substantive discourse around antiracist pedagogy within library and information science (LIS) education and practice. The paper pairs critical research on safety and criminalization with patrons’ comments on policing and grassroots activism by LIS professionals to rethink safety as something shared between librarians, staff, patrons, and potential patrons (the community). Ongoing, organized campaigns around policing and security within libraries are documented so that their efforts, trials, and successes will engender further research and set a marked precedent of how LIS education and professions can reevaluate the role of policing and police in library settings everywhere.
Sources of COVID-19 Information Seeking and their Associations with Self-Perceived Mental Health among Canadians
Authors: Li Yanli
Published: September 2021

Using two datasets from the Canadian Perspectives Survey Series (CPSS), this study provides a longitudinal analysis of information sources Canadians consulted regarding COVID-19, and their associations with poor self-perceived mental health (SPMH) during March and July 2020. Nearly 20% of Canadians reported poor SPMH. The logistic regression results revealed that at Time 2 (July 2020), after controlling for demographic, socio-economic, and psycho-behavioural factors, using social media was significantly associated with higher odds of poor SPMH than using six other information sources including news outlets, federal health agencies, provincial health agencies, provincial daily announcements, places of employment, and other sources (for example, schools, colleges, universities). Checking the accuracy of online information more frequently was also associated with lower odds of poor SPMH.
Cover and Credits
Authors: Mallary Kevin J.
Published: September 2021

Cover and journal credits pages for Volume 5, Number 3.
SOCIOLINGUISTIC «READING» OF THE WORLD OF EVERYDAYNESS: LANGUAGE PRACTICES OF THE UKRAINIANS OF KHOLMSHCHINA AND SOUTHERN PІDLASHSHIA IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR (1914–1918)
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University in Lviv Lviv, Ukraine, Matsiuk H. P.
Published: September 2021

he article is devoted to one of the little-known periods of the language situation in which autochthonous Ukrainians from the far western ethnic Ukrainian lands lived. The relevance of the topic is stipulated by the need to develop a theory of historical sociolinguistics on language, power and identity. The revealed relations of language practices (microhistorical standard of living of an individual) to the geopolitics (as macrohistory) allow us to state that the linguistic dimension of the communicative everyday life of the Ukrainian speech community appears through a set of features realized before and during the war of 1914. Before the war, the colloquial form of the Ukrainian language as a means of interpersonal communication had a dialectal nature, which was layered with Polonization and Russification influences, and oral and written forms of the Russian language were a means of official communication. During the war of 1914–1918, there were changes in the language use of Ukrainians: the Russian language in the territories of Kholmshchyna and Pidlaschia curtailed its functions after the withdrawal of the tsarist troops together with the forcibly deported Ukrainians; Ukrainian-language practices in the Kholm region did not have a chance to develop due to the support of the Austrian occupation authorities for the functions of the German and Polish languages; in Polonized Pidlaschia, occupied by the German authorities, owing to the activities of the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine and later representatives of the Ukrainian authorities, Ukrainian forces managed to partially develop the functions of the Ukrainian language in administration, primary education and periodicals. Ukrainian literary language began to slowly realize its communicative, informational and unifying social functions.
THE PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN EAST TAIWAN AREA: AN EXAMPLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
Authors:   National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan, R. O. C., Huang Tzu-Yang , Ku Chih-Hsiung ,   National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the research was to understand the public’s social Image of emerging technology—nanotechnology. Furthermore, the differences among different major students and the decision-making style in “self-evaluation and other-evaluation” were analyzed too. In this research, the social image was defined by three phases, “general image of nanotechnology”, “business decision behavior of nanotechnology”, and “free recall of nanotechnology”. The research instrument was a self-designed questionnaire “college student’ social image of nanotechnology”. The participants were 256 college students selected using convenience sampling from one university in the east Taiwan area. The main findings were: (1) Students tended to agree that nanotechnology is better than other general-tech. (2) The college students believed that they have more rational attitude and behavior to make decision than others. (3) Most college students’ association related "nanotechnology image" with "high tech" in thinking. Keywords: nanotechnology image, public understanding, social image.
Pancreatitis Aguda en COVID 19 caso clínico y revisión de la literatura.
Authors: Pinos Cedeño María José , Aguiar Flores Gloria Estefanía , Adriano Pérez Galo Iván , Layedra Ajila María Eugenia
Published: September 2021

Introducción: En 2019 se identificó un nuevo coronavirus como la causa del brote de una enfermedad que se originó en China. Este virus se conoce como el coronavirus tipo 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2). En marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró el brote de la COVID-19 como pandemia. Aunque la gravedad de la infección es determinada sobre todo por la aparición de neumonía grave e insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, se han descrito además afectaciones en distintos aparatos y sistemas. A nivel del aparato digestivo son frecuentes la aparición de diarrea, vómitos y dolor abdominal. La pancreatitis aguda es un proceso inflamatorio reversible, el cual resulta de la activación de enzimas digestivas liberadas por esta glándula. Esta entidad patológica está asociada con múltiples etiologías, por lo que algunos estudios han reportado una posible lesión pancreática asociada a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 debido a un efecto citopático directo del virus o posterior a la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica. Objetivo: Determinar las  manifestaciones pancreáticas del COVID 19, lo que es fundamental para ayudar al diagnóstico y orientar hacia el pronóstico de esta patología. Metodología: En el presente artículo comentamos un caso de pancreatitis aguda que podría estar relacionado con la infección por COVID 19, además se realiza una búsqueda sistemática de bibliografía actual y relevante relacionada con el tema. Resultados: Las manifestaciones pancreáticas del SARS-CoV2 no son tan comunes, sin embargo la presencia simultánea de ambas entidades se ha asociado a una mayor mortalidad hospitalaria. Conclusión: Se dispone de escasa evidencia de rigor científico a nivel real para determinar al COVID 19 como factor directo causal de Pancreatitis Aguda, se requiere de mayores estudios multicéntricos y de mayor impacto.
Early Slavic housing from Belz surroundings
Authors: Mylian Taras
Published: September 2021

Territory of the upper reaches of Western Bug River, especially the annalistic of Belz in Solokiya and its surroundings, is rich in archeological sites. In 2016, as part of the Program «Protection and Preservation of the Cultural Heritage of the Lviv Region for 2016–2018», conservation research was conducted at the settlement Belz 22 (Hora). It is a multi-layered settlement with cultural and chronological horizons from the final Paleolithic to modern times. Information and research on it were conducted with advantages during XX century however, for the first time in the settlement; remains of a Slavic dwelling-semi-dugout (object 20) of the Prague culture were discovered and studied.
Research has shown that dwelling had two periods of functioning. Traces of restructuring were confirmed, which led to a reduction of the area and changing of the shape – from rectangular to square. Evidence of the reconstruction was the remains of two clay ovens, the oldest of which was partially cut down by a later wall. Under the remains of this wall above the furnace a Roman denarius of the II century was found. Ovens are built on special sites made of compacted clay. The older oven has a dome lined with special rollers.
Discovered material is represented mainly by handmade ceramic pots, some of them are reconstructed. Some of the forms of utensils were common during the late V – early VI centuries, and the other part – during the second half of VI – early VII century. This division corresponded to the periods of housing. An important find was the weights for the loom, which were reused to build the oven. An additional evidence of the development of weaving in the settlement is a bi-conical spinner with flat platforms, which comes from dwelling.
The settlement on the outskirts of the annalistic Belz is characterized by permanence and genetic connection throughout the Middle Ages – from individual Slavic settlements in this region to the creation of a separate principality around the big city.
Key words: Prague culture, Belz, Solokiya, dwelling, oven, ceramics, denarius.
Geomagnetic investigations of Plisnesk archaeological complex in 2018–2019: results and perspectives
Authors: Kuderavets Roman , Chobotok Ihor , Fylypchuk Andryj , Shelep Volodymyr
Published: September 2021

During 2018–2019 in the historical and cultural reserve «Ancient Plisnesk» on the territory of the site of archeology of national significance «Ancient settlement of the chronicle city of Plisnesk of the III–XIII centuries» for the first time, the experimental methodological magnetometry observations were conducted to study the possibilities of the magnetic surveys in studies of archaeological objects of this site. The paper analyzes the results of areal magnetometric survey using proton magnetometers with an observation grid of 0,5×1 m with a total area of 0,252 ha in two sections – in the western part of tract «Vysoke Gorodysko» and in the southeastern part of tract «Zamchysko». On the basis of the received magnetometric data graphs of magnetic field and plans of isolines with different detailing are constructed. In the anomalous picture of the residual magnetic field, alternating magnetic anomalies with an intensity of several tens of nT have been identified, which are confined to structures and production facilities, which is confirmed by the results of archaeological excavations. The spatial features of the anomalous magnetic field revealed a number of negative linear anomalies that mark the locations of ancient archaeological excavations. In order to research and establish the specifics of the planning structure of the settlements of the Slavic and Old Russian periods, the old archaeological excavations revealed on the territory of the Plisnesk archaeological complex, it is extremely necessary to expand the territory of magnetometric survey to a large area. Highlighted anomalous search criteria for archaeological objects in a magnetic field indicate the high efficiency of magnetometry and the expediency of its use in the future for identifying and outlining ground or buried structures of residential, economic, industrial and even fortifications of a wide chronological range before archaeological excavations in the territory of the Plisnesk archaeological complex and similar sites of the Slavic and Old Russian periods.
Key words: archaeological complex, magnetic survey, magnetic field, local anomalies.
Archaeological research in the system of measures for the restoration of gentry estates and residences of the XVI–XIХ centuries in the Brest region
Authors: Bashkou Aliaksandr
Published: September 2021

Architectural and archaeological research in Belarus began in the late 80s of the twentieth century. This allowed us to expand the source base, improve the methodology and empirical experience of researchers-archaeologists. The revival of restoration works in Belarus has been observed since the early 2000s as a result of the improvement of the legislative framework and expansion of the restoration business.
The present work reflects the main problems and stages of the organization of archaeological research of gentry residences of the XVI–XIX centuries on the example of restored objects from the territory of the Brest region.
The article defines the main goals and objectives of architects-designers and archaeologists who work together on the monuments of manor and residential architecture. The article describes the stage of research activities on the monuments of this category.
Highlights the main achievements of the author in the archaeological study in a row of the gentry estates and residences of Brest: Ruzhany Pruzhany district (Sapieha palace XVI–XVIII); Skoki Brest district (Nemtsevich residence XVIII); Kosovo Ivatsevichi district (Puslowski palace XIX); Grushevka Lyakhovichy district (Rejtan manor XVIII).
Results of the work of archaeologists are transmitted to the project organization to supplement, clarify and correct a wide range of project documentation for the restoration and restoration of specific objects. In addition, scientific information about a number of recovered artifacts is used by restorers in the restoration of the interior interiors of some residences. The archaeological collections themselves from the excavations, after scientific and cameral processing, are transferred for preservation to the funds of regional museums with subsequent presentation in expositions.
Principle of close cooperation of archaeologists with architects-designers and builders-restorers plays an important role in the organization of archaeological research on the restored manor and residence complexes of the Brest region. This joint work is reflected in the really restored and recreated architectural monuments, which have become an integral part of the historical and cultural heritage of Belarus.
Key words: manor, residence, archeology, restoration, architecture, Brest region.