bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using the balanced scorecard to manage service supply chain uncertainty: Case studies in French real estate services
Authors: Rasolofo‐Distler Fana , Distler Frédéric
Published: June 2018

This article aims to analyse the role of the balanced scorecard in the management of supply chain uncertainty in service activities. To do this, we conducted case studies within companies in the real estate services sector in France. We have employed the theoretical framework of complexity. This theoretical framework allows us to situate the factors of uncertainty in the internal and external environment. Identification of these factors promotes proactivity when confronted with environmental evolution. It is clear from our study that the balanced scorecard, in the management of supply chain uncertainty, is a communication tool that helps coordinate intraorganizational and interorganizational relations. It is also a tool that leads to a strategic supply chain, a source of competitive advantage for the stakeholders of the chain. Finally, it is a tool for organizational learning because it participates in the construction of knowledge and allows for knowledge capitalization. This know‐how and knowledge contribute to reducing uncertainty.
The success story of irrigation against salinity in Violada, NE Spain
Authors: Herrero Juan , Castañeda Carmen
Published: June 2018

In the early 20th century, when extensive areas of land were transformed from rainfed to irrigated agriculture, there was a severe lack of scientific and technical literature available on the effects of applying water to saline soils. This was the case of the Violada Irrigation District located in a semiarid region of NE Spain whose transformation started in the 1940s. We discuss the use of agronomical expertise and the limited knowledge of soils available prior to the transformation, the favorable and unfavorable scenarios encountered during the transformation, and the final success of irrigation despite the initial soil salinization and water logging. We attribute the technical success to the fact that gypsum is common in the soils and geological materials, and to the continued drainage efforts. Failures in the irrigation of saline lands are a frequent subject of discussion in the scientific literature; contrariwise, we present the history of a successfully irrigated district after 70 years.
The impact of grazing on seedling patterns in degraded sparse‐elm grassland
Authors: Wang Yongcui , Chu Lei , Daryanto Stefani , Wang Lixin , Lin Jixiang , Ala Musa
Published: June 2018

Over‐grazing by livestock in semiarid ecosystems is one of the main causes of desertification. Although over‐grazing contributes to global environmental challenge, only a few studies have investigated grazing impacts on the composition of species and functional groups of seedling bank. In this study, we determined whether the composition of seedling species and functional groups, as well as the correlations between the seedlings of sparse‐elm (Ulmus pumila var. sabulosa or U. pumila) and other species changed under three grazing intensities in the degraded sparse‐elm grassland in the Horqin Sandy Land, China. Species composition and abundance of established seedlings were surveyed and the relationships between seedlings of U. pumila and other species were analyzed. The results showed that plant communities under moderate grazing were more stable than the other two grazing intensities due to higher seedling density, higher species richness, and higher number of perennial herbs. Seedlings of U. pumila could even prevent noxious seedlings growth under moderate grazing. We concluded that moderate grazing could benefit the recovery of this sparse‐elm grassland in the Horqin Sandy Land.
Development of a Polymer‐Based Biodegradable Neurovascular Stent Prototype: A Preliminary In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Nikoubashman Omid , Heringer Sarah , Feher Katalin , Brockmann Marc‐Alexander , Sellhaus Bernd , Dreser Alice , Kurtenbach Kathrin , Pjontek Rastislav , Jockenhövel Stefan , Weis Joachim , Kießling Fabian , Gries Thomas , Wiesmann Martin
Published: June 2018

Biodegradable stents are not established in neurovascular interventions. In this study, mechanical, radiological, and histological characteristics of a stent prototype developed for neurovascular use are presented. The elasticity and brittleness of PLA 96/4, PLDL 70/30, PCL, and PLGA 85/15 and 10/90 polymers in in vitro experiments are first analyzed. After excluding the inapt polymers, degradability and mechanical characteristics of 78 PLGA 85/15 and PLGA 10/90 stent prototypes are analyzed. After excluding PLGA 10/90 stents because of rapid loss of mass PLGA 85/15 stents in porcine in vivo experiments are analyzed. Angiographic occlusion rates 7 d, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after stent implantation are assessed. Histological outcome measures are the presence of signs of inflammation, endothelialization, and the homogeneity of degradation after six months. One case of stent occlusion occurs within the first 7 d. There is a prominent foreign‐body reaction with considerable mononuclear and minor granulocytic inflammation combined with incomplete fragmental degradation of the struts. It is possible to produce a stent prototype with dimensions that fit the typical size of carotid arteries. Major improvements concerning thrombogenicity, degradation, and inflammatory response are required to produce biodegradable stents that are suitable for neurovascular interventions.
Protein‐Based Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Enzymes with Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Steiert Elena , Radi Lydia , Fach Matthias , Wich Peter R.
Published: June 2018

Proteins represent a versatile biopolymer material for the preparation of nanoparticles due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. This study presents a protein‐based nanoparticle system consisting of high surface PEGylated lysozyme polyethylene glycol‐modified lysozyme (LYZmPEG). This protein modification leads to a solubility switch, which allows a nanoparticle preparation using a mild double emulsion method without the need of surfactants. The method allows the encapsulation of large hydrophilic payloads inside of the protein‐based nanoparticle system. Native lysozyme (LYZ) was chosen as payload because of its innate activity as natural antibiotic. The mild particle preparation procedure retains the structure and activity of the enzyme which was successfully tested against the gram‐positive bacteria strain M. Luteus. In comparison, the particle system shows no toxicity to human cells. This first report of a full protein‐based particle material for the transport of large hydrophilic payloads opens up new therapeutic applications for biopolymer‐based delivery systems.
Accelerated image reconstruction using extrapolated Tikhonov filtering for photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Gutta Sreedevi , Kalva Sandeep Kumar , Pramanik Manojit , Yalavarthy Phaneendra K.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

Development of simple and computationally efficient extrapolated Tikhonov filtering reconstruction methods for photoacoustic tomography.

Methods

The model‐based reconstruction algorithms in photoacoustic tomography typically utilize Tikhonov regularization scheme for the reconstruction of initial pressure distribution from the measured boundary acoustic data. The automated choice of regularization parameter in these cases is computationally expensive. Moreover, the Tikhonov scheme promotes the smooth features in the reconstructed image due to the smooth regularizer, thus leading to loss of sharp features. The proposed extrapolation method estimates the solution at zero regularization assuming the solution being a function of regularization parameter and thus posing it as a zero value problem. Thus, the numerically computed zero regularization solution is expected to have better features compared to standard Tikhonov solution, with an added advantage of removing the necessity of automated choice of regularization. The reconstructed results using this method were shown in three variants (Lanczos, traditional, and exponential) of Tikhonov filtering and were compared with the standard error estimate technique.

Results

Four numerical (including realistic breast phantom) and two experimental phantom data were utilized to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. It was shown that the proposed method performance was superior than the standard error estimate technique, being at least four times faster in terms of computation, and provides an improvement as high as 2.6 times in terms of standard figures of merit.

Conclusion

The developed extrapolated Tikhonov filtering methods overcome the difficulty of obtaining a suitable regularization parameter and shown to be reconstructing high‐quality photoacoustic images with additional advantage of being computationally efficient, making it more appealing in real‐time applications.
Detecting low concentrations of unsaturated C—C bonds by parahydrogen‐induced polarization using an efficient home‐built parahydrogen generator
Authors: Jeong Keunhong , Min Sein , Chae Heelim , Namgoong Sung Keon
Published: June 2018

Parahydrogen is a potentially significant source of hyperpolarization. However, a heat exchanger at an ultralow temperature, which is normally sustained wastefully using liquid nitrogen, is essential for the generation of hyperpolarized parahydrogen. In order to cut down on the use of liquid nitrogen, we employed a cryogenic storage dewar as the key component of our home‐built parahydrogen generator, which lasted over 20 days with a single filling. Small concentrations of an unsaturated compound in a mixture were identified by hydrogenation in a principle‐based experiment involving the use of hyperpolarization and phase difference. Less than 1 μl of styrene in 1 ml of chloroform was identified in a single scan with a 43 MHz benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer following hydrogenation with 50% parahydrogen. This method can potentially undergo a significant development through the use of high‐field NMR techniques, higher parahydrogen concentrations, and increased scan times for data collection, among others. Because hydrogenation with parahydrogen induces a phase reversal during attachment to unsaturated CC bonds, it may be possible to detect many other unsaturated bonds in organic molecules. All in all, this study not only broadens the research on parahydrogen‐based unsaturated‐bond detection, but also facilitates the use of hyperpolarization by a broader range of researchers through the introduction of a long‐lasting home‐built parahydrogen generator.
MASE‐sLASER, a short‐TE, matched chemical shift displacement error sequence for single‐voxel spectroscopy at ultrahigh field
Authors: Rohani Rankouhi Seyedmorteza , Hong Donghyun , Dyvorne Hadrien , Balchandani Priti , Norris David G.
Published: June 2018

B1 inhomogeneity and chemical shift displacement error (CSDE) increase with the main magnetic field strength and are therefore deleterious for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at ultrahigh field. A solution is to use adiabatic pulses which operate over a broad range of B1 and thus are insensitive to B1 inhomogeneity. Moreover, adiabatic pulses usually have a relatively higher bandwidth, which makes CSDE low to negligible. The use of exclusively adiabatic pulses for single‐voxel spectroscopy (SVS) typically brings the disadvantage of a long echo time (TE), but the advantage of a low and matched CSDE. Herein, we took advantage of short‐duration, low‐power, matched‐phase adiabatic spin echo (MASE) pulses to implement a matched CSDE semi‐localized by adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) sequence capable of attaining short TEs, while CSDE is matched and still comparatively low. We also demonstrate here the feasibility of the direct measurement of the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) resonance at 2.28 ppm well separated from the neighboring glutamate resonance at 7 T using the implemented MASE‐sLASER sequence at TEs of 68 and 136 ms. The shorter duration of MASE pulses also made it possible to implement a Mescher–Garwood‐semi‐localized by adiabatic selective refocusing (MEGA‐sLASER) (with MASE) sequence with TE = 68 ms for editing GABA at 7 T, the results for which are also shown.
Effects of liquid polyisoprene and magnesium oxide on the mechanical properties of styrene‐butadiene rubber/carbon nanotubes composite
Authors: Wang Chunwei , Zhang Yong
Published: June 2018

Effects of liquid polyisoprene (LIR) and magnesium oxide (MgO) on the mechanical properties of styrene‐butadiene rubber/carbon nanotubes (SBR/CNT) composite were studied. After LIR was added into SBR/CNT compound, the curing rate and torque decreased, and the Payne effect became less pronounced. The presence of LIR in SBR/CNT vulcanizate could increase the elongation at break, decrease the moduli at given extensions, the stress relaxation factor, and the degree of the stress softening effect. The presence of LIR and MgO in SBR/CNT could increase the moduli at given extensions and the degree of the stress softening effect. CNT could be well dispersed in SBR/CNT/LIR/MgO composite. The Raman characteristic peaks of CNT shifted to low wavenumber with the addition of LIR and MgO into SBR/CNT. LIR and MgO affected the dynamical mechanical properties of SBR/CNT vulcanizate, increasing the elastic modulus, glass transition temperature, and tan δ value at 0°C. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E765–E771, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Financial hardship associated with colorectal cancer survivorship: The role of asset depletion and debt accumulation
Authors: Hanly Paul , Maguire Rebecca , Ceilleachair Alan O , Sharp Linda
Published: June 2018

Objective

To estimate the prevalence of financial objective stress and subjective strain among colorectal cancer survivors and assess associated financial coping factors in Ireland, which has a mixed public‐private health care system.

Methods

Colorectal cancer survivors were identified from the National Cancer Registry, and a sample of 496 respondents were included in the analysis. A postal survey collected information on survivor demographics, socio‐economic background, medical characteristics, cancer‐related financial hardship, debt accumulation, and asset depletion. Cancer‐related financial objective stress and subjective strain were used as dependent variables in logistic regression analysis.

Results

Approximately 2 in 5 survivors experienced objective stress (40.9%) or subjective strain (39.4%). Depletion of savings (49.1%) was the most prevalent form of financial coping strategy. Factors significantly associated with increased objective stress were having a stoma (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1‐3.9), using savings (OR = 9.4; 95% CI, 4.9‐18.0), formally borrowing money (OR = 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0‐9.6), and loans from family members/friends (OR = 3.8; 95% CI, 1.9‐7.8). Not working (excluding retirees) (OR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.20‐0.96) was associated with decreased objective stress. Significant predictors of subjective strain included having dependents, a stoma, using savings (OR = 5.3; 95% CI, 2.9‐9.5), and loans from family members/friends (OR = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1‐3.9) but excluded borrowing money.

Conclusions

Cancer‐related financial objective stress and subjective strain are common in colorectal cancer survivors, even where all citizens are entitled to publicly funded care, but the financial coping strategies significantly associated with these 2 measures differed. These findings will help inform targeted measures across disparate health care systems and survivor groups to alleviate financial hardship.
Benefits of NaCl addition for time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis including the discrimination of diacylglyceride and triacylglyceride ions
Authors: Sämfors Sanna , Ewing Andrew G. , Fletcher John S.
Published: June 2018

Rationale

Diacylglycerides (DAGs) and triacylglycerides (TAGs) are two important lipid classes present in all mammalian cells that share similar chemical structures but differ in biological function in cells and tissues. Differentiation of these two species during time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) analysis is therefore important, but has been difficult due to the formation of DAG‐like ions during the ionization process of TAGs.

Methods

We investigated the use of salt adduct formation as a quick and simple method to determine the origin of the DAG‐like ions in ToF‐SIMS spectra. NaCl was added to lipid standards of a DAG and a TAG and differences in fragmentation patterns were identified. The salt was then applied to prepared tissue samples by spraying with a saturated solution of NaCl in methanol and samples were analysed with ToF‐SIMS using a 40 keV (CO2)6k+ primary ion beam.

Results

A 40 Da peak shift was observed in the DAG spectrum that was not observed in the TAG spectrum ([M + H − H2O]+ to [M + Na]+) while the isobaric [M − RCOO]+ peak did not shift allowing differentiation between the two species. Spraying NaCl on to tissue sections indicated that the DAG‐like ions originated from TAGs.

Conclusions

With the method described in this paper, simple addition of salt by spraying on the sample leads to better interpretation of complex mass spectra from biological tissue samples, discriminating DAG and TAG fragment peaks.
85‐3: Distinguished Student Paper: Image‐Content‐Adaptive Color Breakup Index for Field‐Sequential‐Color Displays Using Dominant Visual Saliency Method
Authors: Lin Ying-Ju , Qin Zong , Lin Fang-Cheng , Shieh Han-Ping D. , Huang Yi-Pai
Published: June 2018

Proposing an unprecedented color breakup (CBU) evaluation index based on dominant visual saliency of natural images for field‐sequential‐color displays, this paper achieves a linear correlation coefficient of 0.82 between subjective and objective CBU visibilities. Consequently, this study is promising for being a criterion to assess CBU in FSC‐related devices—low power and virtual/augmented reality displays.
85‐1: Visually Lossless Compression of High Dynamic Range Images: A Large‐Scale Evaluation
Authors: Sudhama Aishwarya , Cutone Matthew D. , Hou Yuqian , Goel James , Stolitzka Dale , Jacobson Natan , Allison Robert S. , Wilcox Laurie M.
Published: June 2018

High‐dynamic range displays provide impressive image quality, but require markedly higher bandwidth. Here we report results of the first large‐scale subjective assessment of HDR image compression. We applied the ISO/IEC 29170‐2 flicker paradigm to evaluate two state‐of‐the art VESA codecs (DSC v1.2a, pre‐release version of VDC‐M) at several compression levels.
84‐4: Invited Paper: Near‐Infrared Organic Upconversion Device with High Image Sensing Quality
Authors: Liu Shun-Wei , Biring Sajal , Li Ya-Ze , Wong Ken-Tsung
Published: June 2018

A novel up‐conversion device for NIR image sensing is proposed by integrating the OLED, OPV, and transparent electrodes. The proposed device captures NIR light reflected from the object and forms a real‐time image at the visible wavelengths on the OLED display with the image quality of > 600 dpi.
83‐3: Capacitive Touchscreen Integrated Electrostatic Tactile Display with Localized Sensation
Authors: Haga Hiroshi , Sugimoto Daisuke , Yang Yiping , Sasaki Harue , Asai Takuya , Shigemura Koji
Published: June 2018

A projected capacitive touchscreen with integrated electrostatic tactile functionality using one set of row and column electrodes was demonstrated. The functions are both time and spatially multiplexed, and a reference‐node‐driven high‐pass filter in the touch controller filters out the noise from the tactile driving signals.
P‐14: Transient Response Properties of Nitrogen‐Doped Amorphous InGaZnO Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Dong Chengyuan , Tong Xianyu , Xie Haiting , Zhang Lei , Liu Guochao , Zhou Yan
Published: June 2018

The transient response properties of nitrogen‐doped amorphous InGaZnO (a‐IGZO:N) thin film transistors (TFTs) improved first and then became worse with the N2 flow rate increasing, where the best one occurred at N2 flow rate=1 sccm. A theoretical model was proposed based on the measurement results of transfer curves and positive bias stresses, indicating that the change of trap states in a‐IGZO:N TFTs, rather than the variation of their field‐effect mobility, should dominate the transient response properties of devices.
P‐19: Effect of RTP Annealing Using UV and DUV Light on the Properties of the Al‐IZTO TFTs
Authors: Nam Yunyong , Yang Jong-Heon , Jeong Pilseong , Kwon Oh-Sang , Pi Jae-Eun , Kim Hee-Ok , Cho Sung Haeng , Hwang Chi-Sun , Ji Sanghyun , Park Sang-Hee Ko
Published: June 2018

In the oxide thin film transistors (TFTs), annealing process is necessary to improve its electrical properties, and generally performed by a furnace and an oven. Compared with them, rapid thermal process (RTP) can serve several advantages including much reduced process time and improved uniformity, which are more important factors in mass‐production industry. In addition to near‐infrared (NIR) lamp, generally used as a heat source, ultra‐violet (UV) and deep‐ultra‐violet (DUV) light sources can also be used in RTP system, and they can provide much higher energy, giving the possibility of more effective and efficient annealing. Herein, we studied the annealing effect of RTP system utilizing UV and DUV light source on the electrical properties of back‐channel etched aluminum‐doped indium zinc tin oxide thin film transistors (Al‐IZTO BCE TFTs).
P‐23: Fabrication of Eco‐Friendly Solution‐Processed Indium Zinc Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors through Recycling Based on Photocatalytic Reactions of TiO2
Authors: Kang Jun-Ki , Park Sung Pyo , Na Jae Won , Lee Jin Hyeok , Kim Dongwoo , Choi Jong Sun , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: June 2018

This work presents a solution processing method of IZO TFTs through photocatalytic reactions of TiO2 to improve electrical properties. The mobility and on‐off current ratio increased from 0.35 to 1.21 cm2/Vs and from 106 to 107, respectively. By recycling the solution, the possibility of eco‐friendly oxide TFTs is demonstrated.
79‐1: Invited Paper: Accommodative AR HMD Using Birefringent Crystal
Authors: Lee Byoungho , Hong Jong-Young , Moon Seokil , Kim Dongyeon , Li Gang
Published: June 2018

The near‐eye display for augmented display using a birefringent crystal has been proposed for providing the accommodation. Since the birefringent crystal has unique optical property that the refractive index is modulated according to the polarization state, it can be used for accommodative head‐mounted display for augmented reality by making multiple image planes. We describe the two near‐eye display systems using birefringent crystal and analyze the interpolation method between multiple image planes.
P‐31: A Statistical Paradigm for Assessment of Subjective Image Quality Results
Authors: Cutone Matthew D. , Dalecki Marc , Goel James , Wilcox Laurie M. , Allison Robert S.
Published: June 2018

ISO/IEC 29170‐2 outlines a subjective procedure for assessing codec quality for near‐threshold artifacts. Here we outline a statistical method for analyzing these data using Generalized Linear Mixed‐Models (GLMMs). This procedure provides insightful metrics concerning the relative performance of two or more codecs that may aid in the perceptually‐guided development and selection of novel codec technologies.
P‐41: Light Leakage Improvement in SFT Mode Curved Display
Authors: Xu Chuanzhi , Wang Jiandong , Xie Zhengfang , Dai Wenjun , Tian Fan , Wang Meilin , Li Xiongping
Published: June 2018

In this paper, the corner light leakage of a‐Si curved display caused by the curve of glass substrate was systematic explored and optical retardation phenomenon was discovered due to substrate bending. What's more, a series of solutions were confirmed to improve corner light leakage by stress release, reduction or transformation using a stress simulation system.
P‐53: Research on Full‐Screen Notch of LTPS LCD
Authors: Xie Huimin , Li Donghua , Wang Zhijie , Zhou Xiufeng , Shen Boping , Li Junyi
Published: June 2018

In recent years, the full screen mobile phone has developed rapidly. Because the full screen not only improves the value of the mobile phone, but also makes the mobile phone more scientific and technological. Moreover, it can accommodate larger screens for the same size phone body, and has a significant improvement in visual experience.

This research adopts reasonable circuit to realize a 0.75mm narrow frame full screen. Its notch width is 21.22mm and the depth is 5.23mm. By optimizing the circuit, the difference between the main screen and the secondary screen is reduced. It allows users to get the best impression.
69‐4: Invited Paper: A Programmable Capacitive Imaging Technique Using Multiple Sigma‐Delta Modulators for High SNR Touch Sensor and Pen
Authors: Morrison Gerald D. , Gray Patrick Troy , Seger Rick
Published: June 2018

A capacitive sensing technique based on sigma‐delta modulation is presented. This architecture creates multi‐frequency drive and sense signals with high SNR. It enables concurrent and simultaneous self‐capacitive touch, mutual‐capacitive touch and capacitive pen.
71‐1: Invited Paper: A Color Conversion Film with High Quantum Yield and Operational Stability
Authors: Lee Ho Yong , Le Duy Hieu , Sung Jiyeon , Moon Sang Pil , Kim Nari , Oh Hyemi , Kim Jiho , Min Sung Yong , Shin Dong Mok , Son Sehwan
Published: June 2018

Quantum dots are ideally suited for color conversion owing to their high conversion efficiency and narrow emission bands. However, the inorganic quantum dots are still vulnerable to moisture attack unlike inorganic phosphors, and two sheets of barrier films are essential components to protect them. Therefore, a color conversion film containing quantum dots is thick and expensive. In this study, we present a facile approach to fabricate highly stable and efficient color conversion film using organic fluorescent molecules. A color conversion film was fabricated with simple roll‐to‐roll coating process without additional protective layer. Luminance of the film remained unchanged even after 1,000 hrs in operating blue LED corresponding to 1000 nit at 60 ℃. We believe that our approach opens a new pathway to fabricate inexpensive and highly performing color conversion films for a wide color‐gamut display.
P‐64: Research for Large Size Reflective LCDs
Authors: Chen Yuqiong , Liu Xiaona , Zhu Ming , Sang Qi , Wang Mengjie , Yuan Shuai , Zheng Ziyi , Sai Jiazuo , Ma Yu , Chen Weitao
Published: June 2018

In this paper a different structure of circular polarizer to be used for large size reflective LCDs is suggested. Optimum design as well as process conditions were studied. Finally cost‐effective and feasible solutions for large size reflective LCDs were found.
P‐77: Area‐Selective Atomic Layer Deposition Using Inkjet‐printed Fluorocarbon Patterns as Mask Layers
Authors: Cho Young-In , Yu Jun-Ho , Yoon Dai Geon , Park Jin-Goo , Choi Kyung Hyun , Lee Sang-Ho
Published: June 2018

This study introduces area‐selective atomic layer deposition (AS‐ALD) using fluorocarbon (FC) mask patterns with low surface energy. FC mask patterns were formed on a glass substrate by inkjet printing method. The surface energy of the printed FC thin film was 13.04 dyne/cm enough low to inhibit nucleation and growth during ALD. 10 µm wide Al2O3 patterns were selectively formed by removal of FC mask patterns using oxygen plasma after Al2O3 ALD processes.
68‐4: Top‐emission OLED Kawara‐type Multidisplay with Auxiliary Electrode
Authors: Nakamura Daiki , Eguchi Shingo , Sugisawa Nozomu , Aoyama Tomoya , Kato Sho , Sasaki Takeru , Kamada Taisuke , Watanabe Kazunori , Dobashi Masayoshi , Misawa Chieko , Nakada Masataka , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2018

We have developed a top‐emission organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) Kawara‐type multidisplay with a novel auxiliary electrode. With this device, while the contact portion of the auxiliary electrode is developed in the display region, a high aperture ratio can be achieved. This technique can be utilized in any top‐emission OLED display.
P‐76: Advanced FSA(UV Curing like) Process Technology to Improve Sandy Mura for G8.6 TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Yao Yu , Li Min , Chou Jeff , Hsu James , Wade  , York
Published: June 2018

In this paper we reported a novel technology to improve sandy mura which is a common defect in 32 inches TFT‐LCD display manufacturing. After optimizing the FSA voltage applying process, sandy Mura ratio reduced, and the total yield rate risen significantly.
68‐1: Invited Paper: Reliability and Failure Mode Analysis of Foldable AMOLED Display Module
Authors: Lin Li , Li Yalong , Hu Kun , Yuan Bo , Huang Genmao , Gao Xiaoyu , Huang Xiuqi
Published: June 2018

The mass production and commercialized application of foldable AMOLED display greatly depends on the lifetime of folding cycles, reliability on anti‐scratch and impact resistance. The folding cycle, surface hardness and ball/pen drop tests were studied on a 7.2 inch foldable AMOLED display module with touch sensor and thin circular polarizer. After 200k times folding cycle test, the module shows good reliability and the destructive testing failure modes were also discussed.
P‐81: Image Sticking Analysis by Microscopic Intensity Difference in Multi‐domain Pixels
Authors: Lo Shing-Ping , Chen Li-Min , Fang Yen-Wen , Lin Chi-He , Hsu Wei-Ting , Chiu Lin Hsuan
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we employ a novel method to analyze image sticking in microscopic areas of the liquid crystal displays (LCDs). After stressing the display by black and white pattern for a period of time, we found that the microscopic intensity measurement results in sub‐pixel can well link to image sticking phenomenon. Moreover, specific area of pixels gives more contribution to image sticking issue.
P‐86: Multi‐view‐zone 3D Display System Based on Integral Imaging
Authors: Zhang Han-Le , He Min-Yang , Deng Huan , Li Da-Hai , Wang Qiong-Hua
Published: June 2018

We propose a multi‐view‐zone 3D display system based on integral imaging. This system comprises multiplexed lens‐array holographic optical element (MLAHOE) and two projectors. The MLAHOE is used as a projection screen, which is used to record the wavefront of two sets of lens‐arrays on the holographic plate by two point light sources, respectively. The beam with element image array (EIA) information is used instead of the point light source, which satisfies the Bragg condition. The left and right viewing zones are respectively reconstructed by the MLAHOE, and different 3D images are reconstructed in the left and right viewing zones, respectively.
65‐5: Invited Paper: Resolving the Vergence Accommodation Conflict in VR and AR via Tunable Liquid Crystal Lenses
Authors: Yadin Yoav , Rosen Shamir , Haddad Yariv , Vardi Yuval , Grutman Itamar
Published: June 2018

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) head mounted displays project stereoscopic virtual images to the eyes to obtain a three‐dimensional illusion. The mismatch between the vergence and accommodation focus cues, known as the vergence‐accommodation conflict (VAC), can cause physical discomfort and limit the immersive experience of these systems. In AR systems, even monocular vision is affected by the focus mismatch, since the eye cannot focus simultaneously on a close real object and a close virtual object. We present a dynamic focus compensation approach to resolve VAC in which an electronically controlled dynamic lens is used to correct the focus of the virtual content. The dynamic lens is implemented using a pixel grid, enabling rapid lateral movement of the lens, thus increasing the lens quality and field of view.
61‐3: Demonstration of Long‐Term Stable Emission from Inverted OLED with Imperfect Encapsulation
Authors: Sasaki Tsubasa , Fukagawa Hirohiko , Oono Taku , Kuwada Kenji , Hasegawa Munehiro , Morii Katsuyuki , Shimizu Takahisa
Published: June 2018

Inverted OLEDs that do not employ alkali metals are promising for increasing the use of flexible OLEDs. Here, we show the air‐stability of an inverted OLED during continuous operation. Even after continuous operation for 3,000 h, the growth of dark spots is not observed in the inverted OLED with imperfect encapsulation.
P‐99: Optical Methods for Tunable‐Focus in Augmented Reality Head‐Mounted Display
Authors: Lin Yu-Chen , Chuang Chih-Hao , Chen Chien-Yu , Huang Bohr-Ran
Published: June 2018

An optimized tunable‐depth augmented reality wearable system is proposed in this article. The augmented reality projection system is used tunable lenses combination, which can provide the correct depth and image size to avoid the accommodation conflict and miss‐focusing issue. The tunable system will be adjusted for the variable range, and optimize the zooming optical system. The performance of tunable system is discussed and analyzed in this paper.
P‐106: Zoom Holographic Display Using Liquid Lens
Authors: Xiao Dan , Liu Su-Juan , Wang Qiong-Hua
Published: June 2018

A zoom holographic display using a liquid lens is proposed in this paper. By controlling the voltage of the liquid lens, the Fresnel diffraction calculation of variable sampling rate can be achieved. The controllable zoom holographic display demonstrates its validity and it has potential applications in holographic projection.
P‐110: Efficient InP‐based Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes utilizing a Crosslinkable Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Kim Yohan , Heyne Benjamin , Geßner André , Park Yongwook , Kang Moonsung , Ahn Seonhong , Lee Bumsung , Wedel Armin
Published: June 2018

We demonstrate efficient InP‐based quantum dot (QD) LEDs utilizing a crosslinkable hole transport layers (HTL). The developed HTL exhibit great solvent resistance and smooth surface roughness. The influence of QD design, HTL structure as well as the corresponding processing of these materials on device performance was investigated.
P‐128: Ultralow Temperature Solution‐processed Al2O3 Gate Dielectrics using Photochemically Activated Nanocluster Precursors
Authors: Jo Jeong-Wan , Kim Yong-Hoon , Park Joohyung , Lee Min Uk , Kim Yoon Jeong , Park Jong Seung , Choi Myung-Seok , Kim Myung-Gil , Park Sung Kyu
Published: June 2018

We report a new strategy for obtaining an ultralow temperature solution derived Al2O3 dielectric by using nanoclusters (aluminium‐oxo‐hydroxy cluster, Al‐13) as a precursor and local structure controllable activation process via deep‐ultraviolet (DUV)‐induced photochemical activation. We show that the combination of Al‐13 nanocluster precursor and the spatially controllable photochemical activation enables the formation of highly dense oxide (Al2O3) thin films at an ultralow temperature (< 60˚C), through an efficient integration of the dissociated skeleton of the nanocluster precursors. Finally, to demonstrate the versatility of the ultralow‐temperature‐annealed and large area Al2O3 dielectrics, metal‐oxide TFTs, carbon nanotube TFTs and integrated circuits were fabricated directly both on ultrathin (thickness < 3 μm) polymeric and low thermal budget stretchable substrates. The metal‐oxide TFTs and 7‐stage ring oscillator circuits showed an average mobility of 5.9 cm2 V−1 s−1 with a narrow distribution of the performance and good operational stability, and oscillation frequency greater than 1 MHz with corresponding propagation delay less than 70 ns per stage, respectively.
P‐133: Improved Stability of Organic TFTs by Polydimethylsiloxane Passivation
Authors: Li Xiuling , Jeon Jaekwon , Choi Jonghyun , He Mingqian , Manley Robert , Chang Jaemyung , Zhelev Nikolay , Mehrotra Karan , Jang Jin
Published: June 2018

The stability of organic TFTs (OTFTs) under bias stress and 85% humidity ambient are improved by polydimethylsiloxane passivation. The passivated OTFTs show a field‐effect mobility (µFE) of ~1 cm2/V.s and on‐to‐off current ratio of ~107. The high performance and excellent stability of the proposed OTFT, make it a promising candidate for future flexible/wearable electronics.
P‐134: Lamination Contact Bonding and Mechanical Detaching of PI Film for Manufacturing of Flexible OLED Displays
Authors: Yang Seung-Yeol , Kim Chan-Soo , Choi Jong-Sun , Kim Yong-Seog
Published: June 2018

In this work, we attempted to develop a new PI film bonding and mechanical detaching process which may be capable of replacing conventional PI film forming process, i.e., vanish coating followed by a thermal curing process and then laser lift‐off process. The new process developed showed that the mechanical detaching force is similar to that of laser lift‐off process.
P‐135: Concept of e‐Tile and its Prototyping
Authors: Omodani Makoto , Ishi Shoki , Adachi Yuma
Published: June 2018

“e‐Tile”, a novel concept for large area displays, is introduced. A typical e‐Tile configuration, in which 100 pixels are mounted on a 100 mm square board, is designed and prototyped. One promising application is the unobtrusive information board, which is far less annoying than the conventional vivid LED/LCD in public spaces.
60‐2: Direct Patterning of Fine Electrodes by Wettability Control of a Novel Photocrosslinkable Polymer Insulator for Solution‐based OTFTs
Authors: Oku Shinya , Katagiri Fumiaki , Lee Junghwi , Yumino Shohei , Fukuda Takashi , Watanabe Makoto , Yamakawa Hiroshi , Tanabiki Masao
Published: June 2018

A novel, photocrosslinkable styrene‐based polymer was developed for use in organic thin‐film‐transistors (OTFTs). This polymer exhibited high electrical insulation and a low dielectric constant. Upon exposure to parallel vacuum ultraviolet irradiation the polymer became hydrophilic, which created patterned regions that formation of Ag electrodes from aqueous solution. Solution‐processed short‐channel OTFTs with printed silver electrodes were fabricated and investigated.
50‐1: Invited Paper: Integration of Key Components into the Panel: Adding Value and Increasing Performance of FPDs
Authors: Annis Charles A.
Published: June 2018

This study analyzes the growing trend of display system component integration into the panel and its effects on the display industry. Integration improves image quality, reduces display module weight and thickness, enables new applications and can potentially lower costs. Additionally, integration, increases display manufacturing complexity and shifts value from component suppliers to panel makers.
50‐3: Formation of Source and Drain Regions in Top‐Gate Self‐Aligned Oxide Semiconductor Field‐Effect Transistor
Authors: Okazaki Kenichi , Obonai Toshimitsu , Shima Yukinori , Yasumoto Seiji , Koezuka Junichi , Ishihara Noritaka , Kurosawa Yoichi , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2018

Formation of source and drain regions in a top‐gate self‐aligned field‐effect transistor and its mechanism were examined. A stack structure of silicon nitride and an oxide semiconductor (OS) is effective, and hydrogen trapped in oxygen vacancies in the OS and the presence of metallic indium at the interface are important.
56‐4: Key Technologies for Assembling Kawara‐type Multidisplays
Authors: Nishido Yusuke , Nakamura Daiki , Eguchi Shingo , Sugisawa Nozomu , Aoyama Tomoya , Suematsu Yui , Sato Hitomi , Toyotaka Kouhei , Kawashima Susumu , Dobashi Masayoshi , Misawa Chieko , Nakada Masataka , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2018

We developed two Kawara‐type multidisplays: a scalable modular multidisplay and a thin and lightweight multidisplay with an external driver circuit. The key technologies for assembling these Kawara‐type multidisplays are reported.
P‐139: The Investigation of Field Sequence Color Liquid Crystal Display with New Polymer Stabilized Vertical Alignment Mode
Authors: Chen Xingwu , Gao Jian , Qiu Yonyuan , Zhou Juan , Lan Song , Tseng Te-Jen , Chen Hsiao-Hsien , Hsieh Chung-Ching , Lin His-Chien , Lee Yung-Jui
Published: June 2018

In this paper, a field‐sequential‐color liquid crystal display (FSC LCD) based on new polymer stabilized vertical alignment (N‐PSVA) liquid crystal display mode and photo alignment technology have been developed. An excellent response time of the device can be obtained by the developed of N‐PSVA LC and the optimizing of process, with the operating voltage keep in 10V. By this work, the 32 inch large size FSC TV panels were presented
57‐2: Scalable Crystallization of a‐Si Film on a Glass Substrate by Using a Blue Laser
Authors: Park Minok , Hong Seungpyo , Jung Y.H. , Lee Suhui , Rho Yoonsoo , Park H. K. , Grigoropoulos Costas P. , Jang Jin
Published: June 2018

A continuous‐wave blue laser annealing (BLA) system (λ ~ 440 nm) is applied to delineate the physical phenomenon of low‐temperature crystallization from amorphous Si (a‐Si) thin film to poly‐Si film on glass substrates for potential industrial application. At various scanning speeds and laser intensities, crystallization mechanism of BLA has been studied. It shows that BLA can achieve high quality, smooth poly‐Si film with laterally grown grains with sizes of 4×10 µm, as studied by optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and AFM. The p‐channel poly‐Si TFT on glass exhibited the field‐effect mobility of 120.82 cm2/Vs and subthreshold swing of 284mV/dec. Therefore, it proves that BLA can substitute conventional annealing processes as a reliable, scalable, and economical tool.
57‐3: Folded Pixel Circuit Design in Grain‐Boundary Free (100) Oriented LTPS Stripes Fabricated by Selective CW‐laser Lateral Crystallization
Authors: Sasaki Nobuo , Arif Muhammad , Uraoka Yukiharu
Published: June 2018

Effects of scan conditions on grain‐boundary‐free (100) oriented LTPS films by the CW laser lateral crystallization were investigated. Overlapped scans generated grain‐boundaries at the scan regions. A new selective one‐time scan was proposed for high precision mobile OLED panels, where LTPS circuits of neighboring pixels were folded along the scan.
52‐1: Invited Paper: Nanostructures on Silicon to Solve the Active Display Paradigms
Authors: Gilet Philippe , Robin Ivan-Christophe
Published: June 2018

The next few years will see an explosion of mobile display applications (VR, AR, HUD, smartwatches, MR,…). These require greater energy efficiency (longer battery life), higher brightness (outdoors viewing), and the new AR/VR/MR applications need much higher resolution. Incumbent technologies — OLEDs, LCDs and LCOS — cannot improve much in energy efficiency and brightness. There has been a big interest in LEDs for displays because their very high energy efficiency and brightness could give major benefits in the resulting products. However 2D “microLEDs” have many obstacles to overcome and may have big difficulties in reaching high resolution. Aledia's 3D nanowire LEDs built on large‐area silicon resolve these problems, do so very cost‐effectively, and can impact several categories of mobile displays.
52‐4: Laser‐Enabled Extremely‐High Rate Technology for µLED Assembly
Authors: Marinov Val R.
Published: June 2018

We developed a complete wafer‐to‐panel technology for extremely high rate assembly of µLEDs. The process involves transferring the µLEDs directly from the source epi‐wafer to a quartz carrier from where they are selectively transferred to the panel using our Laser‐Enabled Massively Parallel Transfer method with >100M units/hr.
P‐143: The Investigation of Improvement Transmittance with PSVA LC Curing Method in Curved Design Structure
Authors: Ren Wei , Hsieh Chung-Ching , Song Yan-Jun , Zhao Yong-Chao , Zhao Ren-Tang , Li Xiang , Zhang Yu , Yuan Chun-Ge , Yuan Fu , Lin His-Chien
Published: June 2018

This work investigation a UV Curing mode and driving mode for PS‐VA transimittance analysis. At the Data BM less (DBS) design structure in curved LCD application and development,Afer voltage signal curing method ,it impact LC pre‐tilt angle and dark line,transmittace in this paper. we build a module cell of LC alignment at the elecltic,this paper improving the optical perfornance at the DBS TFT Design , the best curing voltage signs fine tuning at this DBS TFT for Curved LCD
P‐144: A Systematic Research of Image Sticking in Fringe Field Switching Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Ke Jhong-Ciao , Chung Te-Chen , Liao Chia-Te , Yu Chia-Min , Qiao Yan-Bing
Published: June 2018

A systematic research of image sticking (IS) in a fringe field switching liquid crystal displays is demonstrated. After the IS test of mosaic pattern and switching to the mid‐grey level image, the root mean square voltage (Vrms) difference between the black and white block should be controlled under the 1 mV to avoid the phenomenon of image sticking detected by the human eye. A detailed analysis of voltage calculation and how to decrease the difference of Vrms are presented.
P‐151: Giant Flexoelectro‐Optic Effect with Bimesogen in Vertical Standing Helix
Authors: Joshi Vinay , Chang Kai-Han , Varanytsia Andrii , Paterson Daniel A. , Storey John. M.D. , Imrie Corrie T. , Chien Liang-Chy
Published: June 2018

We demonstrate a giant flexoelectro‐optic response characterized by an out‐of‐plane helical axis rotation of 53° in polymer‐stabilized cholesteric doped with bimesogen. The presented electro‐optic device measures a large flexoelastic ratio (e/K) of 2.758 CN−1 m−1 with a contrast ratio of 500:1 and response time of 0.43 ms.
55‐1: Invited Paper: Superiority of Monocular Augmented Reality when Continuous Viewing is Required
Authors: Kitamura Akihiko , Kinosada Yasunori , Kimura Takahiko , Shinohara Kazumitsu , Sasaki Takashi , Okumura Haruhiko , Hotta Aira
Published: June 2018

We compared binocular augmented reality (AR) presentation and monocular AR presentation in a situation where continuous viewings of AR images were required. During monocular presentation, participants could detect more changes in their peripheral field of view. Thus, observers might be able to acquire more information during monocular AR presentation.
P‐157: Formulation of Jones Matrix for the General Reflective Birefringent Medium
Authors: Lien Shui-Chih Alan
Published: June 2018

We have formulated the Jones matrix for the general reflective birefringent medium and derived an expression of the intensity reflectivity for the general reflective birefringent medium with a single polarizer. Two examples are illustrated to show how one can use them in real cases.
48‐4: Colorful Active‐Matrix Reflective Display by using proprietary Surface Anchoring Liquid Crystal and high performance Front‐Light Module
Authors: Chen Chien-Hua , Lin Tai-Lu , Lien Jan-Tien
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we have succeeded to develop a 10.1‐inch Reflective Display by using proprietary Surface Anchoring Liquid Crystal(SALC) and high performance Front‐Light Module for Display in dim light. The display shows outstanding performance which can play video and full‐color image. In addition, there are some advantages, such as, polarizer free, driving voltage satisfied with active‐matrix TFT, and so on.
P‐165: High Resolution Black Color Patterns Fabricated by Photo‐Lithography with a Novel High Adhesion Polymer for Pixel Defining Layer of OLED
Authors: Lee Myungjun , Bae Jun , Ahn Seonhong , Lee Bumsung
Published: June 2018

The high resolution black patterns were fabricated by negative photo‐lithography method with the novel high adhesion polymer to improve observability of OLED. The photo‐resist was consisted of an organic black pigment dispersed ink in order to decrease dielectric constant of the patterns, the silane group introduced to cardo type polymer for high resolution fine patterns caused by high adhesion on the substrate. The fabricated black patterns showed not only fine patterns but also high thermal stability and good electric properties suitable for pixel defining layer in OLED.
46‐1: Invited Paper: Large‐area Ultra‐high Density 5.36” 10Kx6K 2250 ppi Display
Authors: Lee Hyun Sup , Jang Sanghee , Jeon Hyungil , Choi Byung-Seok , Cho Seong Heon , Kim Won Tae , Song Keunkyu , Chu Hye Yong , Kim Sungchul , Jo Sung-chan , Kwag Jinoh
Published: June 2018

We have developed a large‐area ultra high density display (5.36”10Kⅹ6K, 2250ppi, RGB type) with the glass‐based process technology. A new pixel architecture has been devised to integrate TFTs, contact holes, and data/gate lines in the smallest pixel pitch ever reported on glass. A new driver system including a new IC design has also been developed for this 10Kⅹ6K resolution display. We envision a wide application of this technology in areas such as holographic displays, VR, and AR.