bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ta'ṡīr al-Wasīlah at-Taʿlīmiyyah at-Tafāʿuliyyah fī Tarqiyah Mafhūm at-Tarākīb an-Naḥwiyyah
Authors: Yarda Ulfa Fauziah , Hayati Hayati , Arsya Fajriyani
Published: August 2022

The problems in this research are that the students lack enthusiasm in learning grammatical structures, and the teacher did not use excellent and engaging learning media. So the students got bored and did not understand grammatical structures except a little, and most of them still felt that grammatical structures were the most challenging lesson. The research aims to show the use of interactive learning media in upgrading the concept of grammatical structures for the eighth-grade students at the Governmental Islamic Middle School 6 Agam. The writer used experiment research to consider the effect of interactive learning media on understanding grammatical structures. The population in this research is all eighth-grade students in the Governmental Islamic Middle School 6 Agam. The eighth grade consists of seven classes, and the writer takes the sample by Purposive Sampling. The research tools are observation, interview, and test. The research analysis used the t-test rule. The mean score for the post-test in the experimental class is 67,12. The mean score for the post-test in the control class is 60,44. The writer found that the result of the t count (2,049) and the t table  (1,670), so the impact of the t count is more significant than the result of the t table. The difference between them means 0.379. The writer takes the conclusion that there is an effect of the interactive learning media in upgrading the concept of grammatical structures for the eighth-grade students at the Governmental Islamic Middle School 6 Agam.

المشكلات في هذا البحث أنه قلة الحماس لدى الطلاب في تعلم التراكيب النحوية، ولم تستخدم المعلّمة الوسائل التعليمية الجيدة والممتعة، حتى يمل الطلاب ولم يفهموا التراكيب النحوية إلا قليلا ومعظمهم لا يزالون ويشعرون أن التراكيب النحوية أصعب الدرس. أما أغراض البحث هي لبيان استعمال الوسيلة التعليمية التفاعلية في ترقية مفهوم التراكيب النحوية لطلاب الفصل الثامن بالمدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الحكومية 6 آغام. استعملت الكاتبة البحث التجريبي لتنظر تأثير الوسيلة التعليمية التفاعلية على فهم التراكيب النحوية. والمجتمع في هذا البحث هو كل طلاب الفصل الثامن في المدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الحكومية 6 آغام. والفصل الثامن يتركب إلى سبعة فصول، وتأخذ الكاتبة العينة بطريقة Purposive Sampling. أما أدوات البحث هي الملاحظة والمقابلة والاختبار. واستعمال تحليل البحث قاعدة اختبار "ت". النتيجة المتوسطة للاختبار البعدي في الفصل التجريبي هي 67،12. أما النتيجة المتوسطة للاختبار البعدي في الفصل الضابط هي 60،44. ووجدت الكاتبة أن نتيجة تاء الحساب (2،049) وتاء الجدول (1،670) فنتيجة تاء الحساب أكبر من نتيجة تاء الجدول. الفرق بينهما يعني 0،379. وتأخذ الكاتبة الخلاصة بأن يوجد تأثير الوسيلة التعليمية التفاعلية في ترقية مفهوم التراكيب النحوية لطلاب الفصل الثامن بالمدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الحكومية 6 آغام.
Taṭbīq Namūzaj at-Taʿlīm bi al-Takhmīn li Istīʿāb al-Mufradāt al-Lugah al-ʿArabiyyah laday Talamīż Rauḍah al-Aṭfāl “Nūrul Husnayain” bi Bukittinggi
Authors: Sari Indah
Published: August 2022

This research is about applying the guessing teaching model to comprehend the vocabulary of the Kindergarten pupils "Nurul Husnayain, Bukittinggi. The problems in this research mean that some understand the lesson, and some do not. While studying, some are dumbfounded when they hear the teacher. When reading the lessons in singing style, the pronunciation is read long but short, and vice versa. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research. The research tools are interviews and observation. The method of data analysis used in this research is the analysis of the Millis and Huberman model, which means summarizing and exposing the data. As for the research results, there is an application of a guessing teaching model to comprehend vocabulary among pupils of Kindergarten "Nurul Husnayaian" Bukitinggi. Teaching with this model is effective to be applied in Kindergarten "TAUD NUHA." From the research results, students can answer the guesswork from the characteristics conferred by the teacher.

هذا البحث عن تطبيق نموذج تعليم التخمين لاستيعاب المفردات اللغة العربية لدى تلاميذ روضة الأطفال "نور الحسنيين" ببوكيت تنجي. المشكلات في هذا البحث يعني يفهم البعض الدرس، والبعض الآخر لا أثناء الدراسة، يصاب البعض بالذهول عند الاستماع إلى المعلمة.   عند قراءة الدروس بطريقة الغناء، يقرأ النطق طويلاً ولكن مختصرًا والعكس صحيح. أما نوع البحث المستخدم هو بحث الوصفي الكيفي. وأدوات البحث هي مقابلة وملاحظة. وأسلوب تحليل البيانات الذي تستخدم الباحثة في هذا البحث هو تحليل نموذج ميليس وهوبيرمان يعني تلخيص البيانات وتعريضها. وأما نتائج البحث فهي توجد تطبيق نموذج تعليم التخمين لاستيعاب المفردات اللغة العربية لدى تلاميذ روضة الأطفال "نور الحسنيين" ببوكيت تنجي، تقوم الباحثة بتدريس نموذج تعليم التخمين باللغة العربية يتعلم التلاميذ فيه مفردات أعضاء الجسم. التعليم باستخدام هذا النموذج فعال ليتم تطبيقه في روضة الأطفال  "تود نهى" ومن نتائج البحث، يمكن للطلاب الإجابة على التخمين من الخصائص التي ينقلها المعلم.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik pada Materi Matriks
Authors: Putri Desti Handika , Yunita Alfi , Mardiyah Ainil
Published: August 2022

This research was backgrounded by teaching materials used in the Private Ma mus Canduang, Agam Regency in the form of LKS and still unable to make students active in the learning process. This study aims to determine the practicality of the Student Worksheet (LKPD) based on a scientific approach to class XI matrix material. One of the materials that is difficult for students to understand is in matrix material. A common error is the wrongness of putting the matrix element. The research conducted was development research using the Plomp model which consisted of three stages, namelypreliminary research, prototyping phase, and assessment phase. This research was carried out until the prototyping phase, namely in practicality testing. The results of the LKPD validity test based on the scientific approach by the validator obtained a value of 86.8% with very valid criteria and the results of LKPD practicality based on a scientific approach obtained a value of 90.13% with very practical criteria. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that LKPD based on a scientific approach to the matrix material of class XI private MA students of MUS Canduang is very valid and very practical.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh bahan ajar yang digunakan di MA Swasta MUS Canduang Kabupaten Agam yang berupa LKS dan masih belum dapat membuat siswa aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepraktisan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis pendekatan saintifik pada materi matriks kelas XI. Salah satu materi yang sulit dipahami oleh siswa adalah pada materi matriks. Kesalahan yang umum terjadi yaitu salahnya meletakkan elemen matriks. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan  menggunakan model Plomp yang terdiri dari tiga tahapan yaitu preliminary research, prototyping phase, dan assessment phase. Penelitian ini dilakukan sampai tahapan prototyping phase, yaitu pada uji kepraktisan. Hasil uji validitas LKPD berbasis pendekatan saintifik oleh validator diperoleh nilai 86,8% dengan kriteria sangat valid serta hasil kepraktisan LKPD berbasis pendekatan saintifik diperoleh nilai 90,13% dengan kriteria sangat praktis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKPD berbasis pendekatan saintifik pada materi matriks kelas XI siswa MA swasta MUS Canduang sangat valid dan sangat praktis.
Pendekatan Pembelajaran Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) dan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis
Authors: Utami Nita Putri , Aulia Silmi , Yulia Yulia
Published: August 2022

Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) learning approach is widely used to improve various abilities in the learning process. One of them is mathematical communication skills. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) learning approach in improving mathematical communication skills. This type of research is library research. There are 32 sources in the form of books, journals and proceedings which are edited, organized and research findings. The results obtained are that in the first step, RME understands contextual problems and is able to hone indicators of mathematical communication skills, namely expressing mathematical ideas through oral and written. In the second step, solving contextual problems is able to hone the second indicator of communication skills, namely the ability to understand, interpret, and evaluate mathematical ideas. In the third step, comparing and discussing answers is able to hone the third indicator of mathematical communication skills, namely the ability to use terms, mathematical notation and structures to present ideas, describe relationships and model situations. In the fourth step, draw conclusions to be able to hone indicators of mathematical communication skills, namely expressing mathematical ideas through oral, written and visually describing them. So it can be concluded that RME can improve mathematical communication skills.

Pendekatan pembelajaran Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) banyak digunakan untuk meningkatkan berbagai kemampuan dalam proses pembelajaran. Salah satunya adalah kemampuan komunikasi matematis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kontribusi pendekatan pembelajaran Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) dalam meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library study). Ada 32 sumber berupa buku, journal dan prosiding yang di editing, organizing  dan penemuan hasil penelitian. Hasil yang diperoleh  yaitu pada langkah pertama RME memahami masalah kontekstual mampu mengasah indikator kemampuan komunikasi matematis yaitu mengekspresikan ide-ide matematika melalui lisan, tulisan. Pada langkah kedua  menyelesaikan masalah kontekstual mampu mengasah indikator kemampuan komunikasi yang kedua yaitu kemampuan memahami, menginterprestasikan, dan mengevaluasi ide-ide matematika. Pada langkah  ketiga membandingkan dan mendiskusikan jawaban mampu mengasah indikator kemampuan komunikasi matematis ke tiga yaitu kemampuan menggunakan istilah, notasi matematika dan struktur-struktur untuk menyajikan ide, menggambarkan hubungan dan model situasi. Pada langkah  keempat menarik kesimpulan mampu mengasah indikator kemampuan komunikais matematis satu yaitu yaitu mengekspresikan ide-ide matematika melalui lisan, tulisan serta menggambarkannya secara visual. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa RME dapat meingkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis.

 
Impact of Uterine Size on Outcomes of Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy for Uterine Leiomyomas
Authors: Ishibashi Tomoka , Nakayama Kentaro , Razia Sultana , Yamashita Hitomi , Ishikawa Masako , Sato Seiya , Kyo Satoru
Published: August 2022

Background: Given that total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is less invasive than open surgery, its popularity has increased in Japan. The aim of the present study was to determine the most appropriate uterine size for the safe completion of TLH for the treatment of uterine leiomyomas. Methods: This retrospective study included 505 patients who underwent TLH for uterine leiomyomas. Patients were divided into three groups according to the weight of the excised uterus (<500 g, n = 347; 500–1000 g, n = 125; >1000 g, n = 33). TLH procedures were performed by a resident physician under the supervision of an attending physician. Clinical outcomes including blood loss and duration of surgery were collected from patients’ electronic medical records and compared according to uterine size. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed prior to TLH for detection, localization, and measurement of the myoma. Results: Mean operation times were shortest (<500 g: 163 min; 500–1000 g: 190 min; >1000 g: 209 min) and the mean volume of blood lost was lowest (<500 g: 116 mL; 500–1000 g: 208 mL; >1000 g: 402 mL) in patients with a uterus weighing less than 500 g. There were no significant differences in operation time or bleeding between those with a uterine weight of 500–1000 g or >1000 g. MRI revealed that myomas tended to be restricted within the sacral promontory in patients with uterine weights <500 g, whereas those in the other two groups tended to extend beyond this region. Conclusions: TLH outcomes are best when the uterine weight is <500 g. The use of MRI prior to TLH may provide insights into uterine size and/or mass and thus allow for improved surgical planning.
PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF FORMING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IN STUDENTS
Authors: Savantic
Published: August 2022

This article theoretically analyzes the pedagogical basis of organizing physical training and sports training with students studying in higher medical institutions.
Exploring Problems of Moms with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder during COVID-19
Authors: Yıldırım Hasan Hüseyin , Rovshenov Atajan
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic, which emerged in 2019, disrupted global education and training activities. During the epidemic, online education has replaced face-to-face education. During the epidemic, the routines of all families and their children have changed. This situation adversely affected the lives of both families with normally developing children and families with children with special needs. Significantly during the pandemic process, the workload of mothers has increased. From this point of view, the research aims to reveal the problems experienced by the mothers of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, the opinions of 20 mothers who had a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and participated in the study voluntarily were taken. The case study design was used as a qualitative research approach. In the study, data were collected by voice recording through semi-structured interviews, one of the qualitative data collection techniques. The obtained data were written down, checked and analyzed through descriptive analysis. According to the study, mothers stated that their children were bored at home and wanted to go out; they encountered behavioral problems and forgot what their children learned at school. They reported that their children spend more time with digital tools such as phones, tablets, and computers. They stated that they could not get feedback from the online courses, the courses were not organized according to individual differences, they had connection problems, and they could not benefit enough due to a lack of resources. All the mothers who participated in the interview emphasized that they wanted the education to be face-to-face.
MAKALAH BIMBINGAN BELAJAR DALAM MENGURANGI KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Harianti
Published: August 2022

MAKALAHBIMBINGAN BELAJAR DALAM MENGURANGI KESULITAN BELAJARSISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
White Paper: Space Sustainability Using Quantum Computing
Authors: A Buvan Prajwal , Sandesara Hirmay , Patel Amit , Lalwani Jitesh
Published: August 2022

This white paper discusses the problems associated with space debris and how Space Debris Removal Optimization can be formulated as a combination of two optimization problems (the Knapsack Problem and the Travelling Salesman Problem). This white paper also discusses how quantum computing can be applied to solve space debris problems through Space Debris Removal Optimization.
Cultural Adaptation and Social Experience of International Students at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Authors: Susilawati Samsul , Zuhro Ni’matuz
Published: August 2022

This article discusses a system to prevent fraud in voting activities in Indonesia by utilizing information technology, in this era of globalization, the world seems to be "shrinking" so that our intensity to connect with foreign people and cultures will be higher. Moreover, if it is connected with our desire to realize a world class university, then our interaction with foreign people and cultures will become increasingly frequent both through academic collaboration, joint research and the most intense is when we do cross-cultural learning. Therefore, a wider capacity to understand cultural diversity is needed. Intercultural communication is a process of sending and receiving messages between people whose cultural background can lead them to interpret verbal and nonverbal signs in different ways. The communication skills acquired will facilitate one's movement from a mono cultural view to a more multicultural view.
Data Hunches: Incorporating Personal Knowledge into Visualizations
Authors: Lin Haihan , Akbaba Derya , Meyer Miriah , Lex Alexander
Published: August 2022

The trouble with data is that it frequently provides only an imperfect representation of a phenomenon of interest. Experts who are familiar with their datasets will often make implicit, mental corrections when analyzing a dataset, or will be cautious not to be overly confident about their findings if caveats are present. However, personal knowledge about the caveats of a dataset is typically not incorporated in a structured way, which is problematic if others who lack that knowledge interpret the data. In this work, we define such analysts' knowledge about datasets as data hunches. We differentiate data hunches from uncertainty and discuss types of hunches. We then explore ways of recording data hunches, and, based on a prototypical design, develop recommendations for designing visualizations that support data hunches. We conclude by discussing various challenges associated with data hunches, including the potential for harm and challenges for trust and privacy. We envision that data hunches will empower analysts to externalize their knowledge, facilitate collaboration and communication, and support the ability to learn from others' data hunches.
Within-person associations between psychological and contextual factors and lapse incidence in smokers attempting to stop: A systematic review and meta-analysis of Ecological Momentary Assessment studies
Authors: Perski Olga , Kwasnicka Dominika , Kale Dimitra , Schneider Verena , Szinay Dorothy , ten Hoor Gill A. , Asare Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah , Verboon Peter , Powell Daniel , Naughton Felix , Keller Jan
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims: When attempting to stop smoking, discrete smoking events (‘lapses’) are strongly associated with a return to regular smoking (‘relapse’). No study has yet pooled the psychological and contextual antecedents of lapse incidence, captured in Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesise within-person psychological and contextual predictor-lapse associations in smokers attempting to quit.Design: We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science. A narrative synthesis and multilevel, random-effects meta-analyses were conducted.Setting: No restrictions on setting.Participants: Adult, non-clinical populations attempting to stop smoking.Measurements: Outcomes were the association between a psychological (e.g., stress, cravings) or contextual (e.g., cigarette availability) antecedent and smoking lapse incidence; definitions of ‘lapse’ and ‘relapse’; the theoretical underpinning of EMA study designs; and the proportion of studies with pre-registered study protocols/analysis plans and open data.Findings: We included 56 studies, with 18 studies contributing 1+ effect sizes to the meta-analyses. We found positive relationships between lapse incidence and ‘environmental and social cues’ (k = 12, OR = 4.19, 95% CI = 1.77, 9.91, p = 0.001) and ‘cravings’ (k = 10, OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.25, 2.40, p = 0.001). ‘Negative feeling states’ was not significantly associated with lapse incidence (k =15, OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.97, 1.24, p = 0.14). In the narrative synthesis, negative relationships with lapse incidence were found for ‘behavioural regulation’, ‘motivation not to smoke’, and ‘beliefs about capabilities’; positive relationships with lapse incidence were found for ‘positive feeling states’ and ‘positive outcome expectancies’. Although lapse definitions were comparable, relapse definitions varied widely across studies. Few studies explicitly drew on psychological theory to inform EMA study designs. None of the included studies drew on Open Science principles.Conclusions: In smokers attempting to stop, environmental and social cues and cravings appear to be key within-person antecedents of smoking lapse incidence.
Surprisingly Robust Violations of Stochastic Dominance Despite Splitting Training A Quasi-Adversarial Collaboration
Authors: Quispe-Torreblanca Edika G , Stewart Neil , Birnbaum Michael H
Published: August 2022

First-order stochastic dominance is a core principle in rational decision-making. If lottery A has a higher or equal chance of winning an amount x or more compared to lottery B for all x, and a strictly higher chance for at least one x, then A should be preferred over B. Previous research suggests that violations of this principle may result from failures in recognizing coalescing equivalence. In Expected Utility Theory (EUT) and Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT), gambles are represented as probability distributions, where probabilities of equivalent events can be combined, ensuring stochastic dominance. In contrast, the Transfer of Attention Exchange (TAX) model represents gambles as trees with branches for each probability and outcome, making it possible for coalescing and stochastic dominance violations to occur. We conducted two experiments designed to train participants in identifying dominance by splitting coalesced gambles. By toggling between displays of coalesced and split forms of the same choice problem, participants were instructed to recognize stochastic dominance. Despite this training, violations of stochastic dominance were only minimally reduced, as if people find it difficult---or even resist---shifting from a trees-with-branches representation (as in the TAX model) to a cognitive recognition of the equivalence among different representations of the same choice problem.
Do brain trainings apps improve executive functions? - An umbrella review of meta-analyses published on PsychINFO between January 2013 and March 2021
Authors: Kock Elias
Published: August 2022

Executive functions and working memory are the cognitive foundations of self-regulation and, therefore, a key predictor of wide range of positive behavioural outcomes ranging from the quality of relationships to financial decision-making. A USD 3.2 billion cognitive training industry promises that practicing cognitive tasks on one’s smartphone or computer will strengthen these cognitive foundations and – by extension – improve a range of positive life outcomes. Previous meta-analyses have provided mixed results on an important pre-condition for such outcomes, however: robust performance improvements across different cognitive tasks following training. Several methodological and conceptual issues could play a role in disentangling the mixed results. These include: inclusion of passive control groups, failure to account for baseline differences between training and control groups, suboptimal handling of statistical dependence between effect sizes and inconsistencies in the definition of transfers between tasks and mapping between tasks and cognitive outcomes. This umbrella review systematically searched for meta-analyses investigating transfer effects of single-domain executive functions and working memory training and evaluated them in light of these issues. The search resulted in 5 eligible meta-analyses. All of them were affected by several of the mentioned issues. While the exact impact of the issues on the results of the included meta-analyses could not be assessed due to a lack of data, the effect sizes least affected by these issues provide evidence for small transfer effects between executive functions and general short-term memory (to which working memory belongs) (g 0.18), small (g 0.08) to large (g 0.6) transfer effects between narrow abilities of either and moderate (g = 0.35) to large (g = 0.62) transfer effects between task from the same narrow ability. Important avenues for further research synthesis are the collection of the data missing in this umbrella review and investigating moderators of the transfer effects between narrow abilities of executive functions and general short-term memory.
Complex emotion dynamics contribute to the prediction of depression: A machine learning and time series feature extraction approach
Authors: Zisser Mackenzie , Shumake Jason , Beevers Christopher G
Published: August 2022

Emotion dynamics have demonstrated mixed ability to predict depressive symptoms and outperform traditional metrics like the mean and standard deviation of emotion reports. Here, we expand the types of emotion dynamic features and use machine learning algorithms to examine the independent contributions of each feature to predict depression symptoms. We obtained seven studies from previous work on depression and emotion dynamics (N = 890). Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) samples for sadness, positive affect, and negative affect were fed through a feature extraction routine to generate a comprehensive set of emotion dynamic features. A gradient boosted machine (GBM) using all available features was the best of all models assessed, R2pred = 0.20, and explained additional variance in depression severity over a benchmark model, R2pred Δ = 0.107, 95% CI = 0.06-0.144. Emotion dynamics may have an important role in a broader computational effort to identify and assist individuals at-risk for depression.
Automated Journalism: The Effects of AI Authorship and Evaluative Information on the Perception of a Science Journalism Article
Authors: Lermann Henestrosa Angelica , Greving Hannah , Kimmerle Joachim
Published: August 2022

Texts produced by artificial intelligence (AI) are becoming increasingly prevalent in digital journalism. Research suggests that these texts do not differ from human-written texts in their perceived credibility or trustworthiness where simple and short text types are concerned. However, it is unclear how AI-written texts beyond simple fact reporting are perceived. Therefore, this research aimed to expand upon the existing literature on automated journalism by investigating the influence of AI authorship (vs. human authorship) and evaluative information presentation (vs. neutral information presentation). The results of three preregistered experimental studies revealed no differences in perceived credibility and trustworthiness between AI-written and human-written texts. However, presenting information in an evaluative way decreased the perception of credibility and trustworthiness. Moreover, the AI was perceived as less anthropomorphic than the human author. The belief in the machine heuristic was stronger for an AI than for a human author, particularly when participants had actually read an article allegedly written by an AI. A pooled analysis across the data of all three studies underpinned the main effect of information presentation. Concluding, we discuss the findings against the background of AI perception theory and suggest implications for future research.
Honesty-Humility and criminal behavior among imprisoned criminal offenders
Authors: Ścigała Karolina Aleksandra , Ruhara Nico , Nitschke Joachim , Pfattheicher Stefan
Published: August 2022

Does the basic prosocial trait of Honesty-Humility predict crime? We test whether Honesty-Humility (1) differentiates between prisoners and the national population, (2) predicts the frequency of criminal behavior (the number of reported crimes), and (3) predicts the type of crime leading to imprisonment (violent, non-violent, and sexual). We found that prisoners had lower levels of Honesty-Humility than the national population, but Honesty-Humility did not predict the number of reported crimes and the type of crime leading to imprisonment in this group. Additionally, we examined if Honesty-Humility predicts violent (defensive and sadistic aggression) and non-violent (cheating) lab antisocial behavior among prisoners. We found that Honesty-Humility negatively predicted violent, but it did not significantly relate to non-violent antisocial behavior in this group.
Digital Inequalities in Adolescents’ Psychological Well-Being: Variations across Socioeconomic Background, Gender, and National Context
Authors: Gracia Pablo , Bohnert Melissa , Celik Seyma
Published: August 2022

This study addresses digital inequalities in young people’s daily lives and well-being. We examine how adolescents’ digital engagement differs across family socioeconomic status (SES) and gender, and how it relates to their psychological well-being. Analyses use longitudinal data from the Growing Up in Ireland study from age 9 to 18, combined with cross-national data from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged survey on adolescents aged 11-15 across 35 industrialised countries. Longitudinal analyses reveal that low-SES adolescents and girls experience higher psychological problems as they increase their time using digital devices, compared to high-SES adolescents and boys. Cross-national analyses indicate that, while boys spend more time in digital activities, girls are at higher risks of experiencing psychological problems from engaging with digital activities. However, the magnitude of these gendered patterns differs markedly across national contexts. Cross-country comparisons on SES yield mixed results: in some countries low-SES adolescents are mentally more harmed by their digital engagement (i.e., Switzerland, Austria, Norway), but in other countries high-SES adolescents are those at psychological risks from using digital devices (i.e., Portugal, Czech Republic, Bulgaria). The study findings are discussed within the existing literature on digital inequalities and young people’s well-being.
Taxing working memory shifts the balance from goals to stimulus-response habits
Authors: van Timmeren Tim , Watson Poppy , van de Vijver Irene , de wit sanne
Published: August 2022

Despite our familiarity with the concept of habits, eliciting and measuring habits experimentally in humans has proven to be difficult. A possible explanation is that participants in psychological experiments actively recruit goal-directed control and therefore make few habitual slips-of-action in the presence of stimuli signalling devalued outcomes. In the current experiment we used the symmetrical outcome-revaluation task in combination with a working memory load in an attempt to tip the balance from goal-directed control to stimulus-response habit. During the instrumental learning phase, participants learned to make a Go response to stimuli signalling valuable outcomes (and points) while not responding (NoGo) to stimuli signalling not-valuable outcomes. During the subsequent test phase, the outcomes signalled by the stimuli were either value-congruent with training (still-valuable and still-not-valuable), or value-incongruent (devalued and upvalued). Participants had to flexibly adjust their behaviour on value-incongruent trials where the stimulus-response association learned during training was no longer appropriate. For half the participants, a concurrent working memory load was imposed during the test phase. In line with our preregistered hypotheses, participants showed evidence for habitual slips-of-action but those under working memory load showed increased habit tendencies (specifically failures to inhibit prepotent Go responses in the presence of stimuli signalling devalued outcomes). This central finding suggests that a working memory load can be used to reveal habits in humans.
Evaluation of age-specific causes of death in the context of the Italian longevity transition
Authors: NIGRI ANDREA , Aburto José Manuel , Basellini Ugofilippo , Bonetti Marco
Published: August 2022

In many low-mortality countries, life expectancy at birth increased steadily over the last century. In particular, both Italianfemales and males benefited from faster improvements in mortality compared to other high-income countries, especially fromthe 1960s, leading to an exceptional increase in life expectancy. However, Italy has not become the leader in longevity. Here, weinvestigate life expectancy trends in Italy during the period 1960–2015 for both sexes. Additionally, we contribute to the existingliterature by complementing life expectancy with an indicator of dispersion in ages at death, also known as lifespan inequality.Lifespan inequality underlies heterogeneity over age in populating health improvements and is a marker of uncertainty inthe timing of death. We further quantify the contributions of different age groups and causes of death to recent trends in lifeexpectancy and lifespan inequality. Our findings highlight the contributions of cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms to therecent increase in life expectancy but not necessarily to the decrease in lifespan inequality. Our results also uncover a morerecent challenge across Italy: worsening mortality from infectious diseases and mortality at older age.
Frontières et artificialité : retour sur un mythe et ses implications sur le développement au Cameroun, 1960–2010
Authors: Erick Sourna Loumtouang Par
Published: August 2022

Plusieurs études faites sur les frontières des États africains ont érigé leur artificialité en déterminisme sous-développementaliste. Dans cet article, je soutiens que l’artificialité des frontières utilisée comme modalité et paradigme explicatifs de l’émergence des conflits et du sous-développement sur le continent africain ne rend pas compte de la complexité des questions liées à la gestion de ces tracés. La réflexion se concentre sur la politique qui a accompagné la gestion des frontières au Cameroun depuis les indépendances. Celle-ci a été articulée autour de deux faits saillants qui expliquent l’instabilité aux « périphéries nationales » : d’une part, une gestion des frontières axée sur la consolidation de l’État à travers une politique qui fait de l’endiguement des risques militaires la finalité et le référent de l’État ; d’autre part, la sécurité aux frontières depuis les indépendances est caractérisée par une négligence de la sécurité humaine dans les espaces périphériques. Pour exemplifier cette situation, je critique, dans une première partie, l’idée d’artificialité des frontières africaines. Dans une seconde partie, j’analyse la politique camerounaise de gestion des frontières en soulignant son fort ancrage militaire depuis les indépendances. Je scrute enfin, en guise de perspectives, les défis concernant la gestion des espaces frontaliers dans ce pays. Cette réflexion contribue à la compréhension des débats sur l’instabilité en Afrique. L’atteinte de cet objectif est guidée par une approche combinatoire empirique qui associe aux sources primaires (archives, données orales) des sources iconographiques récoltées par une enquête de terrain menée dans l’Extrême-Nord camerounais
Diefenbaker’s “New Frontier”: Masculinity, Modernity, and Canadian Electoral Politics, 1957–58
Authors: Priest Allen G.
Published: August 2022

The term “New Frontier” has become synonymous across historical scholarship with the thirty-fifth president of the United States of America, John F. Kennedy. The origins of the term, however, prove murkier. According to former Canadian prime minister John G. Diefenbaker, the Kennedy campaign stole the phrase from him to “great advantage” but “without attribution.” Indeed, Diefenbaker’s “New Frontier” policies were instrumental in his rise to power several years before Kennedy ran for president. This article explores the Canadian electoral campaigns of 1957 and 1958. Across these two contests, Diefenbaker’s Progressive Conservatives narrowly defeated the longstanding Liberal government of Louis St. Laurent, before going on to win the then-largest parliamentary majority in Canadian history. The article argues that the Progressive Conservatives’ “New Frontier” policies and the branding of Diefenbaker as a self-made man were instrumental in his victory and were effective because they spoke to the historical moment. Indeed, to a certain extent they were a performative political device. The late 1950s were the era of the “other-directed man,” to quote David Riesman, where concerns about the erosion of individuality and manliness led to a newfound fascination with the frontier and wilderness. Diefenbaker and the Progressive Conservatives managed to harness this nostalgia and appealed to the growing desire for agency and self-fulfilment in the populace. His past as a Saskatchewan-raised homesteader was utilized in lending credibility to his status as a frontiersman, and he promised Canadians that under a Progressive Conservative government he would lead them toward “adventure … to the nation’s utmost bounds, to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.”
“Biafrans Are Not Nazis:” The Biafran Humanitarian Disaster and Trudeau’s Analogies
Authors: Oko Omaka Arua
Published: August 2022

During the Nigeria-Biafra War, the Nigerian government employed shooting and economic blockade as powerful instruments of uniting the country and defending its territorial integrity. Starvation as a potent weapon was of a magnitude that arguably made it the worst catastrophe since the Second World War. The tension was between sovereignty and human rights. Public opinion in Canada strongly favored humanitarian support for Biafra, but the Canadian government argued that humanitarian aid for Biafra might be offensive to the Nigerian government. This article examines the attitude of Pierre Trudeau to the Biafran humanitarian crisis. It argues that Trudeau’s analogical arguments did not represent the true situation of the war. Although Trudeau’s reliance on information from the Commonwealth secretariat affected his understanding of the crisis, his policies were largely influenced by domestic political issues, particularly the Quebec separatist movement. The paper concludes that Canada’s foreign policy reviews that coincided with the Nigeria–Biafra War informed Trudeau’s kneejerk response to the Biafran humanitarian crisis.
Analyzing Approaches to Communication Strategies in Core French across Canadian Curricula
Authors: Griffiths Ed
Published: August 2022

On considère généralement les stratégies de communication (SC) comme des moyens par lesquels les apprenants peuvent contourner, voire surmonter, les difficultés de communication. Toutefois, pendant plus de quarante ans, les recherches dans ce domaine ont été largement limitées à la théorie et aux études expérimentales, et l’on ne sait à quel point la recherche sur les SC a pénétré l’enseignement de la langue seconde. À partir d’une analyse documentaire des programmes de français de base au Canada, la présente étude examine la place accordée à l’enseignement des SC dans l’apprentissage du français langue seconde. Les résultats montrent que certaines stratégies, telles que la paraphrase et l’appel à la répétition, sont habituellement mentionnées dans les programmes d’enseignement. Les programmes de 5 des 11 provinces et territoires suggèrent l’enseignement explicite des SC, mais font peu de place à la spécificité des méthodes et des ressources qui pourraient être utilisées par les enseignants dans l’enseignement explicite des SC. Il y aurait lieu de mettre à la disposition des enseignants des ressources supplémentaires en matière de SC, ce qui aiderait à contrer les défis bien connus de programmes tels que le français de base sur le plan de la communication.
Frequently Asked Questions and the Future of Failure Analysis
Authors: Colvin Jim
Published: August 2022

In many companies, failure analysis (FA) has evolved to mean much more than analyzing a part from yesteryear and filing a report simply to satisfy a requirement. Failure analysis engineers frequently interface with design, test, and product engineering and are an integral part of yield improvement. This article addresses several common misperceptions about the failure analysis process.
What Ever Happened to the Famous CMOS Stuck-Open Fault (aka The Memory Fault)?
Authors: Champac Victor , Gomez Roberto , Hawkins Chuck
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the causes and effects of stuck-open faults (SOFs) in nanometer CMOS ICs. It addresses detection and localization challenges and explains how resistive contacts and vias and the use of damascene-copper processes contribute to the problem. It also discusses layout techniques that reduce the likelihood of SOF failures.
What “Green” Means: Challenges for Failure Analysis
Authors: Holdford Becky , Stierman Roger
Published: August 2022

With the July 2006 implementation of RoHS (the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment), the electronics reliability industry has seen a changeover to lead-free solders and “green” mold compounds that have no bromine- or antimony-based flame retardants. This article addresses some of the challenges caused by implementation of the new requirements.
ISTFA: Looking Back for Historical Perspectives
Authors: Soden Jerry
Published: August 2022

This feature periodically visits significant moments in the life of ISTFA over the past three decades. This article reviews key events from past International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis events, held in 1976, 1986, and 1996.
High-Resolution Tabletop Extreme-Ultraviolet Microscopy
Authors: Menoni Carmen S.
Published: August 2022

Recent demonstrations of high-repetition-rate, high-brightness soft X-ray lasers are opening new possibilities for the development of compact imaging systems with spatial resolution approaching the illumination wavelength. This article examines some of configurations that have been used in these extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imaging systems and their general capabilities. One of the systems discussed uses the output from a 46.9 nm argon laser to render transmission and reflection-mode images with a spatial resolution of 120 to 150 nm. Another uses a 13 nm AgCd laser with Fresnel zone plate optics, producing transmission-mode images with a spatial resolution of 38 nm.
Useful Technique for Analysis of Fluid-Filled Capacitors
Authors: Silvus Stan , Cook Kenneth
Published: August 2022

Fluid-filled metallized-polymer-film capacitors have unique failure mechanisms, many of which are related to insufficient fluid level, improper installation geometry, or both. Although such failures can be analyzed using X-ray testing equipment, it is often impractical or cost-prohibitive. This article describes some of the failure modes observed in fluid-filled capacitors and explains how to analyze them easily and inexpensively.
The Many Faces of Software Diagnosis
Authors: Silcox Greg , Keim Martin
Published: August 2022

Scan-logic diagnosis is used in industry for three main purposes: root-cause analysis, improving manufacturing processes, and improving designs. This article reviews the principles of scan-logic diagnosis and its applications in each of the three areas. It also discusses ongoing challenges and emerging approaches.
Use of a Nuclear Microprobe in Electronic Device Characterization
Authors: Guégan Hervé
Published: August 2022

Microelectronics failure analysis is based on several approaches to study and understand the origin of failure. In addition to “classic” elemental methods (SIMS, ESCA, etc.), there are a number of less-common techniques that can be valuable but require significant equipment investment, specialized operators, and administrative infrastructure to make them available to analysts, if needed. Ion beam analysis methods (RBS, PIXE, NRA), found at the Bordeaux Nuclear Research Center (France), are examples of these specialized tool sets. The capabilities and improved sensitivities of this site for device examination are demonstrated by several examples.
Priložnosti zlivanja tehnologij SIEM, SOAR in strojnega učenja v procesih inteligence tveganj in samodejnega odzivanja na kibernetske incidente
Authors: Bregar Andrej , Gjergjek Sašo , Novak Miran , Orlić Damir
Published: August 2022

V sodobnih informacijskih okoljih in sistemih, ki se selijo v oblak, temeljijo na konceptih interneta stvari in podpirajo avtomatizacijo poslovanja v kontekstu industrije 4.0, imamo opravka z masovnimi podatki in obsežnim omrežnim prometom med povezanimi napravami. V takšni količini podatkov si je nemogoče zamisliti zaznavanje anomalij, varnostnih tveganj in potencialnih kibernetskih incidentov brez avtomatiziranih pristopov, ki uporabljajo tehnike strojnega učenja in umetne inteligence. Ključne so zlasti tehnologije za upravljanje varnostnih informacij in dogodkov (SIEM) ter za avtomatizacijo, orkestriranje in odzivanje na kibernetska tveganja (SOAR). V članku pojasnimo, kaj pridobimo z vpeljavo postopkov in tehnologij za avtomatizacijo odzivov na kibernetske incidente. Umestimo jih v širši proces obravnave in reševanja incidentov ter v kontekst življenjskega cikla in primerov uporabe na področju inteligence varnostnih groženj in tveganj. Analiziramo možnosti uvajanja in neposredne integracije gradnikov tehnologij SIEM in SOAR kakor tudi vključevanja pristopov umetne inteligence za namen avtomatiziranega zaznavanja in orkestriranja kibernetskih incidentov. Preučimo učinke zlivanja in sinergije tehnologij SIEM, SOAR in strojnega učenja, hkrati pa se dotaknemo tistih organizacijskih in tehnoloških vidikov, ki odpirajo izzive, težave ter priložnosti. Izpostavimo tudi dobre prakse in pristope, ki jih vpeljujemo v sklopu kompetenčnega centra za kibernetsko varnost.
Comparison Between CT Volumetric Measurement and RECIST 1.1 Criteria to Assess the Tumoral Response in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated by Immunotherapy
Authors: Roy Catherine , Quentin Minault , Barthelemy Philippe , Mielcarek Marie , Leyendecker Pierre , Ohana Mickael , Roy Catherine
Published: August 2022

Objective: Assessment of a volumetric method versus gold standard unidimensional measurement based on RECIST 1.1 in advanced renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) treated by immunotherapy.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively recorded the CT data of 14 adult patients treated with immunotherapy for metastatic RCC from February 2016 to January 2018. Follow-up CT scanners were independently reviewed by two radiologists. Unidimensional RECIST 1.1 and volumetric measurements were compared at each time point, with a total of 810 measurements performed for statistical analysis. The main criterion was the inter-observer agreement for each method. The secondary criterion was the tumoral response assessment based on three different items: RECIST 1.1, spherical volumetric method, ellipsoidal volumetric method.
Results: Intraclass coefficient correlation in volumetric method (0.986 [95% CI: 0.980, 0.990]) was higher than in RECIST (0.903 [95% CI: 0.861, 0.928]). Relative measurement differences with Bland and Altman plot were lower in the volumetric method with shorter limits of agreement (0.8%; upper LOA95%: 36.5; lower LOA95%: −35), versus those in RECIST (-5.1 % (upper LOA95%: 46; lower LOA95%: −57). The volumetric method (especially the ellipsoidal one) assesses the progression disease earlier than RECIST for 57% of patients, but there is no formal difference for partial response assessment.
Conclusion: Volumetric assessment for tumoral response in metastatic RCC compared to unidimensional measurements had a higher inter-observer agreement and might predict disease progression earlier.
Repeat Traumatic Brain Injury Complications with Localized Dissociative Amnesia of Twenty-Two Years
Authors: Han Dong Y , Aulisio Madeline , Pasagic Sandro , C. Glueck Amanda , J. Ainger Timothy , Han Dong Y
Published: August 2022

A 53-year-old male with history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) presented with localized dissociative amnesia following a second head injury. While memory loss due to TBI is present in the literature, presentations of this type are very rare. Although fully independent in activities of daily living, this patient demonstrated severe deficits in visual memory and processing speed upon neurocognitive evaluation. Effort testing was unremarkable. Increased awareness and study of memory loss following TBI can contribute to enhanced understanding and improved care for patients experiencing these deficits. The authors present this unique case’s profile, clinical history, and discuss their findings.