bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TLR2 and Dectin-1 Signaling in Mouse Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Impacts the Ability of the Antigen Presenting Cells They Produce to Activate CD4 T Cells
Authors: Martínez Alba , Bono Cristina , Gozalbo Daniel , Goodridge Helen S. , Gil M. Luisa , Yáñez Alberto
Published: May 2020

Microbial recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) not only activates myelopoiesis but also programs the function of the monocytes and macrophages they produce. For instance, changes in HSPC programming modify the ability of macrophages derived from them to produce inflammatory cytokines. While HSPCs exposed to a TLR2 agonist give rise to tolerized macrophages (lower proinflammatory cytokine production), HSPCs treated with Dectin-1 ligands produce trained macrophages (higher proinflammatory cytokine production). However, nothing is known about the impact of HSPC exposure to microbes on the function of antigen presenting cells (APCs). In this study we evaluated whether treatment of murine bone marrow HSPCs with a TLR2 or Dectin-1 ligand impacts the antigen presenting capacity of APCs derived from them in vitro. Following activation with microbial ligands or Candida albicans yeasts, APCs derived from TLR2/Dectin-1-programed HSPCs exhibit altered expression of MHCII (signal 1), co-stimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86; signal 2) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12 p40 and IL-2; signal 3). Moreover, APCs derived from TLR2/Dectin-1-programed HSPCs prime enhanced Th1 and Th17 responses, which are important for antifungal defense, in CD4 T cell cocultures. Overall, these results demonstrate for the first time that microbial detection by bone marrow HSPCs can modulate the adaptive immune response by inducing the production of APCs with an altered phenotype.
Improving Precise CRISPR Genome Editing by Small Molecules: Is there a Magic Potion?
Authors: Bischoff Nadja , Wimberger Sandra , Maresca Marcello , Brakebusch Cord
Published: May 2020

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) genome editing has become a standard method in molecular biology, for the establishment of genetically modified cellular and animal models, for the identification and validation of drug targets in animals, and is heavily tested for use in gene therapy of humans. While the efficiency of CRISPR mediated gene targeting is much higher than of classical targeted mutagenesis, the efficiency of CRISPR genome editing to introduce defined changes into the genome is still low. Overcoming this problem will have a great impact on the use of CRISPR genome editing in academic and industrial research and the clinic. This review will present efforts to achieve this goal by small molecules, which modify the DNA repair mechanisms to facilitate the precise alteration of the genome.
Hotspots of Subterranean Biodiversity
Authors: Pipan Tanja , Deharveng Louis , Culver David C.
Published: May 2020

Worldwide, caves and groundwater habitats harbor thousands of species modified and limited to subterranean habitats in karst. Data are concentrated in Europe and USA, where a number of detailed analyses have been performed. Much less is known with respect to global patterns due to a lack of data. This special issue will focus on and discuss the global patterns of individual hotspot caves and groundwater habitats.
(+)-Bornyl p-Coumarate Extracted from Stem of Piper betle Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in Melanoma Cells
Authors: Wu Yu-Jen , Su Tzu-Rong , Chang Chi-I , Chen Chiy-Rong , Hung Kuo-Feng , Liu Cheng
Published: May 2020

(+)-Bornyl p-coumarate is an active substance that is abundant in the Piper betle stem and has been shown to possess bioactivity against bacteria and a strong antioxidative effect. In the current study, we examined the actions of (+)-bornyl p-coumarate against A2058 and A375 melanoma cells. The inhibition effects of (+)-bornyl p-coumarate on these cell lines were assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the underlying mechanisms were identified by immunostaining, flow cytometry and western blotting of proteins associated with apoptosis and autophagy. Our results demonstrated that (+)-bornyl p-coumarate inhibited melanoma cell proliferation and caused loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, demonstrating treatment induced apoptosis. In addition, western blotting revealed that the process is mediated by caspase-dependent pathways, release of cytochrome C, activation of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bad and caspase-3/-9) and suppression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Mcl-1). Also, the upregulated expressions of p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-homologous protein (CHOP) after treatment indicated that (+)-bornyl p-coumarate caused apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, increased expressions of beclin-1, Atg3, Atg5, p62, LC3-I and LC3-II proteins and suppression by autophagic inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), indicated that (+)-bornyl p-coumarate triggered autophagy in the melanoma cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that (+)-bornyl p-coumarate suppressed human melanoma cell growth and should be further investigated with regards to its potential use as a chemotherapy drug for the treatment of human melanoma.
Experimental Data Based Machine Learning Classification Models with Predictive Ability to Select in Vitro Active Antiviral and Non-Toxic Essential Oils
Authors: Sabatino Manuela , Fabiani Marco , Božović Mijat , Garzoli Stefania , Antonini Lorenzo , Marcocci Maria Elena , Palamara Anna Teresa , De Chiara Giovanna , Ragno Rino
Published: May 2020

In the last decade essential oils have attracted scientists with a constant increase rate of more than 7% as witnessed by almost 5000 articles. Among the prominent studies essential oils are investigated as antibacterial agents alone or in combination with known drugs. Minor studies involved essential oil inspection as potential anticancer and antiviral natural remedies. In line with the authors previous reports the investigation of an in-house library of extracted essential oils as a potential blocker of HSV-1 infection is reported herein. A subset of essential oils was experimentally tested in an in vitro model of HSV-1 infection and the determined IC50s and CC50s values were used in conjunction with the results obtained by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry chemical analysis to derive machine learning based classification models trained with the partial least square discriminant analysis algorithm. The internally validated models were thus applied on untested essential oils to assess their effective predictive ability in selecting both active and low toxic samples. Five essential oils were selected among a list of 52 and readily assayed for IC50 and CC50 determination. Interestingly, four out of the five selected samples, compared with the potencies of the training set, returned to be highly active and endowed with low toxicity. In particular, sample CJM1 from Calaminta nepeta was the most potent tested essential oil with the highest selectivity index (IC50 = 0.063 mg/mL, SI > 47.5). In conclusion, it was herein demonstrated how multidisciplinary applications involving machine learning could represent a valuable tool in predicting the bioactivity of complex mixtures and in the near future to enable the design of blended essential oil possibly endowed with higher potency and lower toxicity.
Dual miRNases for Triple Incision of miRNA Target: Design Concept and Catalytic Performance
Authors: Patutina Olga , Chiglintseva Daria , Bichenkova Elena , Gaponova Svetlana , Mironova Nadezhda , Vlassov Valentin , Zenkova Marina
Published: May 2020

Irreversible destruction of disease-associated regulatory RNA sequences offers exciting opportunities for safe and powerful therapeutic interventions against human pathophysiology. In 2017, for the first time we introduced miRNAses–miRNA-targeted conjugates of a catalytic peptide and oligonucleotide capable of cleaving an miRNA target. Herein, we report the development of Dual miRNases against oncogenic miR-21, miR-155, miR-17 and miR-18a, each containing the catalytic peptide placed in-between two short miRNA-targeted oligodeoxyribonucleotide recognition motifs. Substitution of adenines with 2-aminoadenines in the sequence of oligonucleotide “shoulders” of the Dual miRNase significantly enhanced the efficiency of hybridization with the miRNA target. It was shown that sequence-specific cleavage of the target by miRNase proceeded metal-independently at pH optimum 5.5–7.5 with an efficiency varying from 15% to 85%, depending on the miRNA sequence. A distinct advantage of the engineered nucleases is their ability to additionally recruit RNase H and cut miRNA at three different locations. Such cleavage proceeds at the central part by Dual miRNase, and at the 5′- and 3′-regions by RNase H, which significantly increases the efficiency of miRNA degradation. Due to increased activity at lowered pH Dual miRNases could provide an additional advantage in acidic tumor conditions and may be considered as efficient tumor-selective RNA-targeted therapeutic.
Correction: Kim, T.; Khan, W.A.; Sharma, S.K.; Ghayasuddin, M. A Note on Parametric Kinds of the Degenerate Poly-Bernoulli and Poly-Genocchi Polynomials. Symmetry 2020, 12(4), 614
Authors: Kim Taekyun , Khan Waseem A. , Sharma Sunil Kumar , Ghayasuddin Mohd
Published: May 2020

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Symmetric Polynomials with Their Applications Ⅱ) [...]
Assessment of Water Buffer Capacity of Two Morphometrically Different, Degraded, Urban Lakes
Authors: Grochowska Jolanta
Published: May 2020

The research was conducted in Karczemne Lake (area, 40.4 ha; maximum (max.) depth, 3.2 m) and Klasztorne Małe Lake (area, 13.7 ha; max. depth, 20.0 m) located in the Kashubian Lake District (Northern Poland). From the beginning of the 1950s, these reservoirs have received municipal and storm wastewater. The long-term process of lake contamination has shaped the specific buffer capacity conditions and influenced the circulation of carbonate and bicarbonate in the water of these ecosystems. Extremely high concentrations of nutrients (Karczemne Lake: max. total phosphorous (TP) level, 7.5 mg P L−1; max. total nitrogen (TN) level, 5.6 mg N L−1; Klasztorne Małe Lake: max. TP level, 20.6 mg P L−1; max. TN level, 43.3 mg N L−1) have caused very intensive primary production processes (Karczemne Lake: max. chlorophyll-a level, 193.40 µg m−3; max. Secchi disc visibility, 0.85 m; Klasztorne Małe Lake: max. chlorophyll-a level, 160.01 µg m−3; max. Secchi disc visibility, 1.15 m). In the polymictic Karczemne Lake, the pH value of all water columns exceeded 10.0 (max. pH, 10.41), and in the meromictic Klasztorne Małe Lake, the pH of the surface water layers oscillated around 9.5. In the polymictic Karczemne Lake, despite intensive photosynthesis, the calcium content and alkalinity were similar throughout the whole water column due to constant circulation. In the meromictic Klasztorne Małe Lake, during the growing season, a decrease in calcium concentration and alkalinity of the surface water layers and an increase in calcium concentration at the bottom were noted.
La ciudad y la ciudad. Fantasías póstumas en la narrativa breve de Samuel Beckett y China Miéville
Authors: Goldzycher Alejandro
Published: May 2020

Desde el cambio de milenio, los abordajes críticos de la obra de Samuel Beckett – figura incuestionable del modernismo literario– a la luz de materiales considerados marginales respecto de la literatura “seria” han tenido un crecimiento considerable. Entre otras intervenciones críticas, se han sugerido posibles conexiones entre sus escritos y ciertas ramas de la ficción especulativa. Esto ha implicado poner a prueba un régimen de jerarquías y diferencias que cierta mitología (pos)modernista enunció como una “Gran División” (Huyssen) entre arte elevado y cultura de masas. Desde el otro lado de esta divisoria, el nombre de China Miéville –comúnmente asociado a la New Weird fiction– transita hoy un proceso de canonización que realza ciertas características de su escritura, tratando otras estratégicamente, en pos de su consagración como escritor “literario”. Sintomática de estos cruces ha sido la inclusión de ambos autores en un canon de escrituras slipstream, nombre que el escritor estadounidense Bruce Sterling dio a un supuesto género emergente capaz de expresar lo enrarecido de la experiencia contemporánea. El prisma del subgénero “fantasía póstuma” nos dará una base para articular el close reading de los materiales con algunas de esas grandes ficciones totalizantes que han dado forma al debate “teórico” en Gran Bretaña y los EE.UU. desde los años ochenta. A través de este ensayo de “mediación middlebrow” (término cuya alcurnia modernista se remonta a figuras como Virginia Woolf, Dwight Macdonald o Clement Greenberg), investigaremos las premisas y los efectos metodológicos, hermenéuticos y conceptuales que arroje el análisis comparado de los textos. Focalizándonos en las estéticas urbanas desplegadas por ambos autores, evaluaremos las potencialidades de ciertas perspectivas recientes en torno a Beckett, pero también los límites de un abordaje supuestamente “no canonizante” de la obra del gran autor irlandés.
Lithostratigraphy of the Palaeogene – Lower Neogene succession of the Danish North Sea
Authors: Schiøler Poul , Andsbjerg Jan , Clausen Ole R. , Dam Gregers , Dybkjær Karen , Hamberg Lars , Heilmann-Clausen Claus , Johannessen Erik P. , Kristensen Lars E. , Prince Iain , Rasmussen Jan A.
Published: May 2020

As a result of a lithological, sedimentological and biostratigraphic study of well sections from the Danish sector of the North Sea, including some recently drilled exploration wells on the Ringkøbing–Fyn High, the lithostratigraphic framework for the siliciclastic Palaeogene to Lower Neogene sediments of the Danish sector of the North Sea is revised. The sediment package from the top of the Chalk Group to the base of the Nordland Group is subdivided into seven formations containing eleven new members. The existing Våle, Lista, Sele, Fur, Balder, Horda and Lark Formations of previously published lithostratigraphic schemes are adequate for a subdivision of the Danish sector at formation level. Bor is a new sandstone member of the Våle Formation. The Lista Formation is subdivided into three new mudstone members: Vile, Ve and Bue, and three new sandstone members: Tyr, Idun and Rind. Kolga is a new sandstone member of the Sele Formation. Hefring is a new sandstone member of the Horda Formation. Freja and Dufa are two new sandstone members of the Lark Formation. Danish reference sections are established for the formations, and the descriptions of their lithology, biostratigraphy, age and palaeoenvironmental setting are updated.
A review of Greenland activities, 1998
Authors: Sørensen Kai
Published: May 2020

Field activities in Greenland by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) were at a high level in 1998, involving 122 persons including 23 from the Danish Lithosphere Centre (DLC); these figures include guest researchers within and outside Denmark. This year, the Survey’s normal total staff, in terms of manyears, amounted to 362; of these, 98 were focused on Greenland-related activities. DLC, whose activities up to now have largely been concerned with research in Greenland, has a normal staff of 21 persons.
New insights on the north-eastern part of the Ketilidian orogen in South-East Greenland
Authors: Garde Adam A. , Grocott John , McCaffrey Ken J.W.
Published: May 2020

During a five week period in August–September 1998 the poorly known north-eastern part of the Palaeoproterozoic (c. 1800 Ma) Ketilidian orogen between Kangerluluk and Mogens Heinesen Fjord in South-East Greenland (Fig. 1) was investigated in continuation of recent geological research in other parts of the orogen. The north-eastern part of the orogen is remote from inhabited areas. It is mountainous and comprises a wide nunatak zone which can only be reached easily by helicopter. Furthermore, access to coastal areas by boat is difficult because many parts of the coast are prone to be ice-bound even during the summer months, due to wind- and current-driven movements of the sea ice.
40Ar–39Ar dating of alkali basaltic dykes along the southwest coast of Greenland: Cretaceous and Tertiary igneous activity along the eastern margin of the Labrador Sea
Authors: Melchior Larsen Lotte , Rex David C. , Watt W. Stuart , Guise Philip G.
Published: May 2020

A 380 km long coast-parallel alkali basalt dyke swarm cutting the Precambrian basement in south-western Greenland has generally been regarded as one of the earliest manifestations of rifting during continental stretching prior to break-up in the Labrador Sea. Therefore, the age of this swarm has been used in models for the evolution of the Labrador Sea, although it has been uncertain due to earlier discrepant K–Ar dates. Two dykes from this swarm situated 200 km apart have now been dated by the 40Ar–39Ar step-heating method. Separated biotites yield plateau ages of 133.3 ± 0.7 Ma and 138.6 ± 0.7 Ma, respectively. One of the dykes has excess argon. Plagioclase separates confirm the biotite ages but yield less precise results. The age 133– 138 Ma is earliest Cretaceous, Berriasian to Valanginian, and the dyke swarm is near-coeval with the oldest igneous rocks (the Alexis Formation) on the Labrador shelf. A small swarm of alkali basalt dykes in the Sukkertoppen (Maniitsoq) region of southern West Greenland was also dated. Two separated kaersutites from one sample yield an average plateau age of 55.2 ± 1.2 Ma. This is the Paleocene–Eocene boundary. The swarm represents the only known rocks of that age within several hundred kilometres and may be related to changes in the stress regime during reorganisation of plate movements at 55 Ma when break-up between Greenland and Europe took place.
Episodic tectono-thermal activity in the southern part of the East Greenland Caledonides
Authors: Leslie A. Graham , Nutman Allen P.
Published: May 2020

Isotopic data from the Renland augen granites of the Scoresby Sund region (Figs 1, 2) provided some of the first convincing support for relicts of potentially Grenvillian tectono-thermal activity within the East Greenland Caledonides. In Renland, Chadwick (1975) showed the presence of major bodies of augen granite (Fig. 2) interpreted by Steiger et al. (1979), on the basis of Rb–Sr whole rock and U–Pb zircon age determinations, to have been emplaced about 1000 Ma ago.
Subfossil insect remains (Chironomidae) and lake-water temperature inference in the Sisimiut–Kangerlussuaq region, southern West Greenland
Authors: Brodersen Klaus Peter , Anderson N. John
Published: May 2020

Climate and water temperature have an important influence on the functioning of lake ecosystems. From limnological and palaeolimnological studies of lakes, information on biological diversity and climate variability in time and space can be gleaned from physical, chemical and biological indicators preserved in the lake sediments. The lakes in southern West Greenland are particularly useful for this purpose – they are numerous, diverse and have minimal anthropogenic impact (Anderson & Bennike 1997). Palaeolimnological data are fundamental for understanding the functioning and development of modern lakes and for understanding the causes of climatic change as well as the effect on lake biota.
Managing dynamic graphs of mobile computer networks with random disturbances
Authors: Mikov A.I. , Mikov A.A.
Published: May 2020

We consider mobile computer networks whose stationary movements are forced to change at some points in time by external control actions or random disturbances. External influence can be aimed at the transition of the network to another stationary movement, but during the transition period there is a danger of decreasing the reliability of the network, the quality of its functioning, and even the threat of operability. One of the reasons for this is the rapid change in the topological (graph) characteristics of the network — the loss of connectivity of the dynamic graph of the network, the change in the set of available data transmission routes between nodes. The paper describes the results of statistical modeling of the characteristics of dynamic graphs for perturbed motion, and also presents algorithms for managing dynamic graphs during the transition process, which reduce the negative effects on the network from external influences. Using methods of predictive modeling, the quality of control algorithms is evaluated.
Development of the automated information system «clean district» for control of cleaning of streets in the city of Krasnoyarsk
Authors: Popov A. , Lopateeva O.N. , Ovsyankin A.K. , Satsuk M. M. , Artyshko A. A. , Mironov D. E. , Terekhova V. S.
Published: May 2020

Among the measures aimed at the effective performance of public services in a modern urban environment, one of the main is the quality control and efficiency of the work performed. Timely street cleaning is hampered by several groups of problems, including the lack of a single automated information system (AIS) control of the work performed. In this regard, there is a need to improve and automate this area. This approach will allow you to combine high performance due to the speed of the system and effective quality control of street cleaning. The purpose of this work is the study and analysis of existing information systems (is), allowing to automate the process of quality control and operational performance of the above tasks. On the basis of the conducted researches, to develop is, having coordinated with the customer (administration of the Central district of Krasnoyarsk) requirements and functionality which allow to automate this process.This article presents the main aspects of the design and software solutions for the implementation of the algorithm in the form of AIS, designed to automate the process of monitoring the cleanliness of streets in the city. The development of AIS was conducted in the PhpStorm integrated development environment in the PHP programming language.
Uso del Índice de Moran y LISA para explicar el ausentismo electoral rural en Ecuador
Authors: Hidalgo Bucheli Grace Estefanía
Published: May 2020

En Ecuador, el voto es un derecho y obligación que constituye una parte esencial en la organización democrática al momento de escoger sus representantes que gobernaran el país, es así que dentro del marco geográfico electoral es importante analizar el ausentismo electoral especialmente en áreas rurales, cuyos escenarios son más propensos a este fenómeno debido a que existen varias dificultades en el acceso a recintos electorales cercanos, lo que acarrea largas distancias de transporte y altos costos para movilizarse. Por esta razón El Consejo Nacional Electoral del Ecuador ha creado jurisdicciones denominadas “zonas electorales rurales” con el fin de facilitar el acceso al voto.Para el presente trabajo se recurrió a dos herramientas de Análisis Exploratorio de Datos Espaciales denominadas: Índice de Moran e Índice Local de Asociación Espacial (LISA). El primero explica a nivel general como se encuentra distribuido el ausentismo en las zonas electorales rurales, la misma que puede expresarse en forma de agrupaciones, dispersiones o aleatoriamente. El segundo índice de LISA explica localmente el nivel de significancia estadística de los agrupamientos espaciales del ausentismo en las zonas electorales y como cada unidad espacial o zona electoral se diferencia o asemeja de las unidades espaciales vecinas.Por lo tanto este análisis recopila datos estadísticos y espaciales de las zonas electorales rurales creadas en los años 2009 y 2014 para entender la dinámica del porqué se crean zonas electorales y cómo éstas inciden en el ausentismo electoral.
Evaluación de la susceptibilidad de deslizamientos en el río El Estado, Puebla-Veracruz, México
Authors: Gómez Piña Víctor Manuel , Legorreta Paulín Gabriel , Aceves Quesada José Fernando
Published: May 2020

Esta investigación aborda la elaboración de cartografía de susceptibilidad de deslizamientos mediante el modelo de laderas inestables, SINMAP. La metodología incluye la revisión de material cartográfico, la construcción de un inventario de deslizamientos, la modelación de la susceptibilidad y su sucesiva validación. La subcuenca del río El Estado, localizada en la ladera sur del volcán Pico de Orizaba fue seleccionada como área de estudio. El inventario permitió la cuantificación de 113 deslizamientos. De ellos, 68 son deslizamientos de escombros, que representan el 60% del total, 20 son flujos de escombros (18%), cinco son avalanchas de escombros (4%), cuatro son caídas de rocas (4%), correspondientes a los de tipo translacional y 16 deslizamientos de asentamiento profundo (14%), pertenecientes a los de tipo rotacional. Los deslizamientos se ubicaron en pendientes que superan los 24°, en ambos márgenes del río. El modelo SINMAP fue aplicado utilizando valores geotécnicos (ángulo de fricción interna, cohesión e infiltración), morfométricos e hidrológicos (pendiente, altimetría, área de captación de escurrimiento y precipitación). Los valores obtenidos fueron de 19 sitios de muestreo. Cualitativamente, los sectores que muestran zonas de estabilidad en el modelo se presentan intercalados. Cuantitativamente, hay una concordancia baja entre el inventario y el modelo y, existe una sobre estimación de zonas con deslizamientos. Esto se obtuvo a partir de las estadísticas derivadas (precisión global, del productor y del usuario) de una matriz de error. Los resultados implican que el modelo SINMAP es parcialmente confiable en investigaciones de evaluación de la susceptibilidad de deslizamientos en esta subcuenca volcánica de México, por lo tanto, es necesario obtener nuevos datos para probar al modelo en otras áreas del país que validen y establezcan su aplicabilidad.
Przemiany społeczno-kulturowe XXI wieku a poczucie braku stabilizacji – perspektywa medioznawcza
Authors: Białek-Szwed Olga
Published: May 2020

W artykule autorka próbuje zaprezentować korelacje zachodzące po­między współczesnymi przemianami cywilizacyjno-kulturowymi a sytuacją człowieka – konsumenta mediów XXI w. Przeprowadzo­ne analizy dokonuje z perspektywy badacza współczesnych mediów masowych. Jej celem jest przedstawienie i opisanie pewnego wycinka badań medioznawczych, które ukazują specyfikę niektórych mecha­nizmów rządzących współczesnymi mediami, takich jak np. voyeu­ryzm medialny, tzw. living on line czy metafora synopticonu. Oczy­wiście nie ma miejsca w niniejszym artykule na szczegółową analizę wyliczonych mechanizmów, ale warto wiedzieć, że przykładowo do­minujący wśród nich voyeuryzm obecny jest w zachowaniach społecz­nych i w mediach (kiedyś tylko w mediach drukowanych) od stuleci. Współcześnie dzięki dynamicznemu rozwojowi technologii, nowym mediom, zainteresowaniom odbiorców i nadawców zyskał zupełnie nowe, bezkompromisowe, niejednokrotnie brutalne oblicze.
The Legacy of Ancient Customs. The Extreme Way of the Cross
Authors: Krzysztoforski Piotr
Published: May 2020

The article presents what celebrating is and how it has evolved to our times. Phenomena which resulted in the crisis of customs at the turn of the 21st century are signaled. Historical events, twists and turn of civilization, and social transformations have caused a departure from the customs of folk tradition near the end of the 20th century. However, folk culture, which is characterized by traditionalism, has preserved many rituals. More and more people are participating, and the need to deepen spiritual religious experiences has led to new initiatives, such as the Extreme Way of the Cross.
THE USE OF ZOONYMS AS EMOTIONALLY-ATTITUDINAL UNITS
FOR THE PEOPLE’S DESCRIPTION IN AFRO-AMERICAN CULTURE
(based on the novel «Sula» by T. Morrison)
Authors: Stepanova Valentina
Published: May 2020

The amount of linguistic research, dedicated to the study of lexical units based on the names of animal world’s representatives, grows every year. One of the reasons for this particular interest lies in the lack of sufficient theoretical base

which could enable scientists to systematize the necessary cultural and sociolinguistic data.

Researchers consider animals’ names in searching for the cultural code of a definite ethnic group, as well as pointing out specifics of the figurative component of thematic groups included in zoonyms. This approach allows them to examine

those additional meanings that a certain lexical unit acquires within the stated national culture. The consideration of the corresponding units in the context of African-American writers’ works is of great interest within the originality of the plots

themselves, as well as the folkloristic and mythological background found in the majority of the constructions with the zoonym element. The novel «Sula» by an outstanding

writer Tony Morrison is one of these works. The writer’s texts are based on unique cultural and historical experience of African-Americans, specifics of their self-knowledge with an inherent belief in magic and myth. This article examines the termbase used for the analysis of zoonymocontaining

lexical units. The most frequent nominations used for the evaluation of human characteristics and actions are demonstrated and described on the basis of the selected examples. Three categories of nomination (age, behavior, appearance) are considered in greater detail. The author of the article makes a conclusion about the frequency of the constructions with negative, neutral and positive connotations within the stated groups, as well as their usage for the description of a person's preferred and criticized qualities.
THE STATE OF THE SOVIET FILM INDUSTRY IN THE 1930s
Authors: Kozyryanov Anton
Published: May 2020

Soviet cinema of the 1930s has long been of particular interest for historians from Russia and abroad. For a long time in historiography, the Soviet art of the 1930s has been associated with the Soviet ideology and propaganda of the stated

period. This topic was considered by the outstanding historians such as David Brandenberg, Boris Ilzarov, Yevgeny Gromov, Alexander Dubrovsky, Katerina Clark, etc.

At the same time, in the studies on this topic, as a rule, focuses is made on the formation of Russian national ideology in the Soviet Union in the 1930s. In the center of historical research there are literature and cinema cultivating Russian

national historical heroes. Besides, cinema comes to prominence in the 1930s. However, in historiography the state of the Soviet film industry in the proposed period is very poorly covered.

This paper discusses the state of the Soviet film industry in the 1930s. Based on archival materials of the Main Department of Film Affairs, on the paperwork related to the development of the film industry, as well as memoirs of contemporaries,

the author assesses the state of the Soviet film industry at the turn of the 1920s–1930s, as well as traces the development of the film industry in the 1930s. The author highlights

the most significant problems of the Soviet cinema of the 1930s, as well as the main projects for solving these problems. Thus, this study makes it possible to assess the state and production capacity of the Soviet film industry in the 1930s.
ONCE AGAIN ABOUT SO-CALLED BRODSKY’S «SYLLABICS»
AND ITS OBJECTIVE CONTEXT – RUSSIAN SYLLABICS
OF THE LATE XX CENTURY
Authors: Orlitsky Jurij
Published: May 2020

The article considers existing opinion in modern science devoted to Brodsky's about the rhyme in his two poems written in the middle of the 1960s. These poems («The Poetry», «Imitation of Cantemir`s Satires») appeal to the name and word of Cantemir. On the basis of this fact and due to the use of unconventional forms of syllabotonics (dactyl with two caesuras) and tonics (accentual rhyme with a constant clausula), the author often makes a conclusion about syllabic nature of these poems. The author of the article explains the reasons for the error and suggests

ways of solution. In addition, the context of this error is shown in regular appeals of Russian poets of the late XX century to the memory of the syllabic rhyme and its experiments appeared a bit later. The article presents examples of modern

Russian syllabics stylized and completely original.
SUPERTEXTS IN THE RUSSIAN DRAMA
AT THE TURN OF THE XX–XXIST CENTURIES
Authors: Lyubimtseva-Natalukha Larissa
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the study of supertexts phenomenon in contemporary Russian drama. Famous philologists’ points of view are compared, definitions of super-text are suggested, and its features are highlighted. The author of the article distinguishes

macro components of the supertexts in fiction, among which there are motifs, images, plots, types and forms of intertextuality and biographical myth. The overtext in literature is understood as a supra-textual formation, a set of meanings that arise in the process of interaction between texts distanced from each other, as well as different receptions of the writer's personality and his/her literary heritage.

The article analyzes problems of the supertexts typology in modern Russian drama and the selection criteria. Based on a set of features that determine the precedent personality and the «strong» text among them, the Shakespeare’s, Chekhov’s

and Gogol’s supertexts are distinguished in Russian drama at the turn of the XXth–XXIst centuries. The perspective «personal» texts are also marked: Pushkin’s, Lermontov’s, Goncharov’s and Dostoevsky's ones. The remake is considered as a genre under the influence of the meanings of the «personal» text. The remake in drama is proposed to be considered as a work that is most representatively involved in the formation of «personal» supertexts. The writer's biography and his/her works cease to be a fact of literary history and leave the literary field, they turn into a myth and overgrow with meanings due to the authors’

reception, critics and literary critics of subsequent generations. «Personal» supertexts are expanded due to the parodic interpretation of classical prototexts, the destruction of the biographical myth and its reception.
CONTEXTUALIZED PRAGMATIC CHARACTERISTICS
OF INVITATION SPEECH ACTS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUАGE
CULTURE
Authors: Rossikhina Mariya , Ikatova Inna
Published: May 2020

Due to methodological and theoretical variety in approaches as well as in contingences while investigating invitation speech acts, the findings concerning their pragmatic characteristics have turned out to be different. This paper is an attempt to determine sociocultural features, pragmatic implications and representation

in the dialogue corpus of various types of invitations in Russian culture using contextual interpretation and pragmalinguistic analysis The findings demonstrate a frequent usage of addressee-oriented declaratives, followed by imperatives, questions and addresser-oriented declaratives with the meaning of a command. All these invitations are in fact direct obligatory impositives.

However, within the context of Russian culture they reveal the use of positive politeness strategies. The speech act of invitation cannot function on its own – it is semantically

and pragmatically connected to pre-invitation sequence, which makes it a complex speech act. The benefactive status of the addresser is enhanced due to the obligatory nature of the invitation which also ensures the speaker’s confidence about the successful outcome of the interaction, therefore there is no need for the inviter to resort to indirectness and negative politeness strategies. There are cases of self-invitations where an invitee takes the initiative, hereas an inviter has to perform a speech act with a weakened illocutionary force.
Knowledge based Expert System for Predicting Diabetic Retinopathy using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors:   School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT, Vellore, Jayashree J. , R Sruthi ,   School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT, Vellore, Sairam Ponnamanda Venkata ,   School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT, Vellore, Vijayashree J. ,   School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT, Vellore
Published: May 2020

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a medical condition that can affect the patient's retina and cause leaks in the blood due to diabetes mellitus. The increase in cases of diabetes limits existing manual testing capability. Today new algorithms are becoming very important for assisted diagnosis. Effective diabetes diagnosis can benefit the victims and reduce the negative harmful effects, including blindness. If not treated in a timely manner, this disorder can cause different symptoms from mild vision problems to total blindness. Early signs of DR are the hemorrhages, hard exudates, and micro-aneurysms (HEM) that occur in the retina. Timely diagnosis of HEM is important for avoiding blindness This paper presents PSO feature selection algorithms with three classifications for the detection of Diabetic retinopathy using python.
Thermal Convection Inside Three-Dimensional Differentially Heated Cavity Under Laminar and Transitional Flow Conditions
Authors:   Postgraduate Student, M.Tech(CAD/CAM), School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil nadu, India., Naveen A. , Harish R. ,   Assistant Professor, Thermal and Automotive Research Group, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
Published: May 2020

The study presents the heat transfer phenomena of steady buoyancy driven flows inside a three-dimensional square enclosure. The thermal boundary condition of this enclosure are the vertical side walls are maintained at constant temperature difference and all the other walls are adiabatic. Reynolds averaged Navier stokes (RANS) equations are used to model the flow phenomena inside the enclosure, these equations are discretized using finite difference method (FDM) based Fortran code which was developed in house. The study is done for varying Grashof numbers 105 ≤ Gr ≤ 107 and a constant Prandtl number 6.2. The results indicated that as the Grashof number increases the temperature along the enclosure decreases by 24.2% and the rate of transfer of heat inside the enclosure increased by 26%.
Implantação do Escore de Framingham na Atenção Primária para manejo de pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos
Authors: Soares Isabela Machado Sampaio Costa , Silva Ivana Conceição Oliveira da , Peixoto Thais Moreira , Silva Dyalle Costa e , Almeida Tamile Rios Oliveira , Musse Jamilly de Oliveira
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Descrever a experiência de implantação do escore de risco de Framingham, na Atenção Primária, para manejo de pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência, sobre a implantação do escore de Framingham, nas unidades da Atenção Primária à Saúde do município de Feira de Santana, Bahia, visando estimar o risco do desenvolvimento de doenças coronarianas. A amostra foi composta de profissionais de 89 Unidades de Saúde da Família, incluindo médicos, enfermeiros e apoiadores institucionais. Os profissionais foram divididos em grupos de 14 participantes por encontro. A ação foi realizada na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, de janeiro a junho de 2018. Os materiais didáticos foram confeccionados, incluindo um folder informativo sobre o escore de Framingham e um formato de instrumento a ser aplicado nas unidades. Resultados: Participaram 06 apoiadoras e 187 profissionais, sendo 109 enfermeiros e 78 médicos. As oficinas aconteceram em 14 encontros, com duração de 4h, sendo a atividade dividida em teórica e prática, com discussão de casos clínicos e aplicação do escore apresentado. Conclusão: A implantação dessa ferramenta permite a identificação de estratégias mais adequadas para o manejo de pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos, de acordo com o risco, auxiliando na definição de condutas multidisciplinares.
PREDICTION OF FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH DIAGRAMS BY METHODS OF MACHINE LEARNING UNDER CONSTANT AMPLITUDE LOADING
Authors: Yasniy Oleh , Didych Iryna , Lapusta Yuri
Published: May 2020

Important structural elements are often under the action of constant amplitude loading. Increasing their lifetime is an actual task and of great economic importance. To evaluate the lifetime of structural elements, it is necessary to be able to predict the fatigue crack growth rate (FCG). This task can be effectively solved by methods of machine learning, in particular by neural networks, boosted trees, support-vector machines, and k -nearest neighbors. The aim of the present work was to build the fatigue crack growth diagrams of steel 0.45% C subjected to constant amplitude loading at stress ratios R = 0, and R = –1 by the methods of machine learning. The obtained results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Determining Optimum Anodic Oxidation Parameters for Hardness and Wear Properties of AA7075-T6 Alloys Using Taguchi Design
Authors: SERT Yaşar
Published: May 2020

In this study, the main goal is to determine the effects of the variable anodic oxidation process parameters on the hardness and wear properties of the AA7075-T6 alloy, which is widely used in the gun industry, automotive, aircraft, and space industry. Samples obtained using the process parameters designed by the Taguchi method were subjected to various experiments and the findings obtained from these experiments were compared with S/N graphs determined using ANOVA analysis. As a result of these findings, it was determined that different coating thickness, hardness and wear resistance were obtained by varying the anodic oxidation process parameters. The highest oxide layer thickness obtained was determined as 70.63 µm. In addition, the oxide layer formed by the anodic oxidation process has significantly increased the hardness and wear resistance of the AA 7075-T6 alloy. Also, as a result of the experiments and ANOVA analysis, it was determined that the oxide layer obtained with the parameters of 22V constant voltage, 1.3A/dm2 current density, 2°C temperature, 140 minutes of processing time will have the superior wear performance.
Observed changes in precipitation totals in Poland
Authors: Pińskwar Iwona , Choryński Adam , Graczyk Dariusz , Kundzewicz Zbigniew W.
Published: May 2020

This paper examines observed changes in the indices of mean precipitation in Poland, based on daily precipitation records for 45 stations in Poland from 1961 to 2017. Changes in annual, semi-annual, seasonal, as well as monthly precipitation totals are examined. In addition, changes in the number of days with precipitation (≥ 1 mm), as well as in the Simple Daily Intensity Index and the ratio of precipitation in the warm half-year to precipitation in the cold half-year are studied. Many changes are detected, but most of them are not statistically significant at the 0.1 level. Yet, there are regionally consistent seasonal changes, with a dominating clear precipitation increase in spring and winter. The Student’s t-test for the comparison of means for two intervals: 1961–1990 and 1991–2017 revealed statistically significant increases for annual and spring precipitation, as well as for Simple Daily Intensity Index, and monthly data: increases for February, March, July, September, October and decreases for: June, August, November, December.
Transformation of fertility in Slovakia in the context of differences between center and hinterland
Authors: Ďurček Pavol , Šprocha Branislav
Published: May 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze the progress of postponement and recuperation of fertility in the context of the differences between functional urban regions and their centers and hinterlands in Slovakia. In addition to the standard indicators for expressing the change in fertility tempo and quantum, we will also analyze the postponement fertility transition by postponement and recuperation rate and the index of recuperation. In the main findings it can be noted that postponement fertility transition contributed to spatial differentiation especially in the 1990s and at the beginning of the 21st century. In recent years, we can identify a certain reduction in differences. The second important finding is that the spread of changes in the character of fertility progressed largely in the west–east direction. The hierarchical element of the diffusion of new reproductive behavior was secondary. Centers have been affected by changes in selected fertility indicators earlier, and these have been more intensive.
Ēdiens kā sociālā slāņa un nacionālās piederības robežzīme
Authors: Kušnere Sigita
Published: May 2020

Taking into account the research conclusions in social and natural sciences, gastropoetics as a research method allows to examine a literary text in-depth revealing the causal relationships and nuances of the psychological portrayal of characters, as well as analyse semantic pluralism providing more diverse interpretation opportunities of a literary text. In Andrejs Upīts’s novel “Bread” (Maize, 1914) the portrayed passengers of the third class train wagon are a micromodel of Western society, where food, sharing the food or its denial precisely reveal the hierarchic structure of community and the differences in social stratification, as well as human behavioural principles, which are based on the tradition that has evolved over thousands of years and can also be cross-compared with the behavioural principles observable among animals. Other aspects include the social undermining of certain social groups, for instance, older people, children, foreigners, as well as the marginalisation of these groups denying them the freedom of choice or action, equal rights, etc. Upīts in his novel constructs a social situation of a small community, accurately revealing the hierarchic structure, as well as collaboration and relationship models of the community.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Well-Being in Parents of Infants and Toddlers with Cancer
Authors: Morhun J.M. , Racine N.M. , Guilcher G.M.T. , Tomfohr-Madsen L.M. , Schulte F.S.M.
Published: May 2020

Background: The unique psychosocial needs of parents and caregivers of young children with cancer are poorly understood. The aims of the present study were to examine health-related quality of life (HRQOL), stress, and psychological distress in parents of young children (0–4 years) diagnosed with cancer; and the associations between parent psychosocial functioning and child treatment characteristics. Methods: Parents (n = 35) with a child (n = 19 male, 54.3%) 0–48 months of age (median: 31.06 months) on active cancer therapy were recruited. Parents completed questionnaires related to demographics, parent HRQOL, parenting stress, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and parent psychological distress. Results: Parents reported clinically elevated parenting stress (5.9%), posttraumatic stress symptoms (18.2%), and psychological distress (21.9%). Compared with population norms, parents reported lower HRQOL in the vitality (t = 5.37, p < 0.001), mental health (t = 4.02, p < 0.001), role limitation–emotional (t = 3.52, p < 0.001), and general health perceptions (t = 2.25, p = 0.025) domains. Social functioning (β = 0.33, p = 0.041) predicted general health perceptions; vitality (β = 0.30, p = 0.134) and parent mental health (β = 0.24, p = 0.285) did not [F(3,29) = 12.64, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.57]. Conclusions: A subset of parents of young children on active cancer treatment experience clinically elevated psychosocial symptoms. Having poor social connections put parents at risk of perceiving their health more poorly in general. Supports that focus on preventing the emergence of clinically significant distress should focus on parents of young children with cancer who are most at risk of poor outcomes.