bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Rules for Optimization of Chemical Mutagenicity via Matched Molecular Pairs Analysis and Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Lou Chaofeng , Yang Hongbin , Deng Hua , Huang Mengting , Li Weihua , Liu Guixia , Lee Philip W. , Tang Yun
Published: November 2022

Chemical mutagenicity is a serious issue that needs to be addressed in early drug discovery. Over a long period of time, medicinal chemists have manually summarized a series of empirical rules for the optimization of chemical mutagenicity. However, given the rising amount of data, it is getting more difficult for medicinal chemists to identify the more comprehensive chemical rules behind the biochemical data. Herein, we integrated a large Ames mutagenicity data set with 8576 compounds to derive mutagenicity transformation rules for reversing Ames mutagenicity via matched molecular pairs analysis. A well-trained consensus model with a reasonable applicability domain was constructed, which showed favorable performance in the external validation set with an accuracy of 0.814. The model was used to assess the generalizability and validity of these mutagenicity transformation rules. The results demonstrated that these rules were of great practicability and could provide inspiration for the structural modifications of compounds with potential mutagenic effects. We also found that the local chemical environment of the attachment points of rules was critical for successful transformation. To facilitate the use of these mutagenicity transformation rules, we integrated them into ADMETopt2 (http://lmmd.ecust.edu.cn/admetsar2/admetopt2/), a free webserver for optimization of chemical ADMET properties. The above-mentioned approach would be extended to the optimization of other toxicity endpoints.
Nationwide analysis of COVID-19 death rate throughout the pandemic in Italy
Authors: Mattiuzzi Camilla , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: November 2022

Background: No definitive epidemiological evidence is available on SARS-CoV-2 lethality during the surge of different variants of concern (VoCs) and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in relation to Influenza virus fatality.
Methods: We collected and longitudinally analyzed official data about new COVID-19 cases and COVID-9 related deaths throughout the pandemic in Italy, which were then compared with the recent flu-related fatality rate.
Results: The mortality rate of COVID-19 has declined from 3.53% during predominance of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain to 0.26-0.21% after surge of the new Omicron sublineages BA.1/2 and BA.4/5, when the nationwide COVID-19 vaccine coverage with primary cycle and booster doses has been concomitantly extended to 90.2% and 84.5% of the general population ≥12 years, respectively. The death rate of COVID-19 was approximately 11-fold higher than that of flu (i.e., 3.53% versus 0.32%) at the beginning of the pandemic, but has then become 36% lower after widespread COVID-19 vaccine coverage and surge of Omicron sublineages BA.4/5.
Conclusions: Although our data seem to underline a reassuring epidemiological scenario, with the death rate of COVID-19 currently lower than that of influenza in Italy, we reemphasize the importance of preventing further surge of aggressiveness (and potential lethality) of SARS-CoV-2, especially in the most vulnerable parts of the population.
Functional characterization and evaluation of multi-biological activities of water soluble polysaccharide from Periploca laevigata
Authors: Bkhairia Intidhar , Krayem Najeh , Dhibi Sabah , Ghorbel Sofiane , Ghamidi Othman Al , Ktari Naourez , Slima Sirine , salah Riadh Ben , Li Suming , Nasri Moncef , Hajji mohamed
Published: November 2022

The water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from Periploca laevigata root barks and purified. The structurale, surface, functional properties, and biological activities of P. laevigata polysaccharide (PLP1) were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD), were used for structurale characterization of PLP1.
SEM analysis suggested that the polysaccharide had irregular particle size with a large number of cavities, mostly seen as aggregates, and fibrous in nature. The samples had peaks at approximately 22°, and 38° 2θ degrees in the XRD pattern, which indicated both crystalline and amorphous structure. Functional properties of PLP1 were investigated based on water and oil holding capacity, solubility, emulsification activity, and foaming ability. Interestingly, PLP1 exhibited, a noticeable ability to emulsify corn and olive oil. Experimental analysis indicated that PLP1 able to decrease surface tension of water of 67.5 mN/m to 43.7 mN/m. On other trend, bioactivities evidenced that PLP1 is a potent protease and lipase inhibitor. The cell viability proved the cytoprotective effect of PLP1 on cell treated with hydrogen peroxide
H2O2, suppressing apoptosis and ameliorating oxidative lesions. The experimental data and multi functionality provides enough evidence and open many new possibilities for biomedicine and food applications.
Heterogeneity of quality of life in the later stages of first-episode psychosis recovery
Authors: Clarke Emily L. , Allott Kelly , Anderson Jacqueline F.I. , Gao Caroline X. , Filia Kate M. , Killackey Eoin , Cotton Sue M.
Published: November 2022

Purpose: First-episode psychosis (FEP) is characterised by wide heterogeneity in terms of symptom presentation and illness course. However, the heterogeneity of quality of life (QoL) in FEP is not well understood. We investigated whether subgroups can be identified using participants responses on four QoL domains (Physical Health, Psychological, Social Relationships, and Environmental) 18-months into the recovery phase of FEP. We then examined the discriminant validity of these subgroups with respect to clinical, cognitive, and functioning features of FEP.
Method: Demographic and clinical characteristics, QoL, cognition, and functioning were assessed in 100 people with FEP at the 18-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial of Individual Placement Support, which aims to facilitate vocational recovery. QoL was measured using the World Health Organisation’s QoL-BRIEF. A two-stage clustering approach using Ward’s method and Squared Euclidean Distance with a k-means confirmation was conducted. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to establish external validity.
Results: Three QoL subgroups emerged: a ‘good’ subgroup with relatively high QoL across all domains (31%), an ‘intermediate’ subgroup with relatively low psychological QoL (48%) and a ‘poor’ subgroup with markedly low social relationship QoL (21%). Negative symptoms, depressive symptoms, social/occupational functioning and social inclusion at follow-up predicted subgroup membership. Sensitivity analysis found similar results.
Conclusion: Although some individuals with FEP have QoL comparable to individuals without mental-ill health, QoL can remain concerningly low despite treatment efforts. Future research on interventions that target factors associated with poor QoL, such as low social inclusion, is required to counteract prolonged poor QoL in FEP.
A piece in the SARS-CoV-2 genome mosaic: furin site on the spike protein
Authors: Romeu Antonio R.
Published: November 2022

The recent Smriti Mallapaty’work (Nature. News, 10 November 2022) highlights the role of recombination in the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2. It seems hard to deal the origin of the virus as a whole. The SARS-CoV-2genome is a mosaic of regions or parts, each with their own origin. The SARS-CoV-2’s closest known relative is a bat virus found in Laos called BANAL-52, which can therefore infect human cells. Furthermore, BANAL-52 don’t contain the so-called furin cleavage site on the spike protein that further aids the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human cells. So, the furin site was a key piece in the virus “mosaic”. However, The SARS-CoV-2 furin site “gain-of-function” was being made against the CGG-CGG genetic footprint encoding the polybasic arginine dimer. For SARS-CoV-2 the only output to the CGG-CGGinstability is to proceed with synonymous substitutions (silent mutations) keeping the arginine dimer from the furin site. Theaim of this work is to provide updated data on the plausibility of this evolution in the coding of thatarginine dimer. Using the NCBI Virus database as a source of information, the sample of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, with releasedate November 1-10, 2022, shows that 78 out of 27281 (0.28 %) sequences show a synonymous base substitution in the CGG-CGG. This percentage is twice of samples retrieved in August 2022.
Application of a Gene Modular Approach for Clinical Phenotype Genotype Association and Sepsis Prediction using Machine Learning in Meningococcal Sepsis
Authors: Rashid Asrar , Uddin Mohammed , Sarpal Amrita , Shaikh M. Guftar , Benakatti Govind , Ismail Javed , Zaki Syed Ahmed , Hussain Amir
Published: November 2022

Background
Meningococcal Septic Shock (MSS) is a life-threatening condition, especially in Infants. Therefore the ability to track MSS pathogenesis during using temporal microarray data was explored. Gene Modular association analysis of Meningococcal Septic Shock time series data in infants was explored using WGCNA. 5 infants with Meningococcal Sepsis were admitted to PCC were recruited into the study. Secondary data analysis was completed on data points collected at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours following admission. Machine Learning algorithms were also used to predict sepsis survival. These included Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree, Random Forest and ANN (Artificial Neural Network).
Results
WGCNA was applied to time-series transcriptome data (from the Arraygen Human 1.0 ST array platform) obtained from 5 PCC MSS cases. Log base 2 (log2) normalisation (ArrayExpress E-MEXP-3850) {Kwan, 2013 #49} was then undertaken on the gene expression data. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was then applied with a heat map generated, indicating time points 0 and 48 hours as the most different in terms of gene expression. WGCNA was constructed using a soft threshold power of 6 based on network topology characteristics. Subsequently, 18 clusters (modules) were identified and compared to clinical parameters. From the adjacency matrix, a gene list was generated for each module which was significantly associated with clinical traits. Each gene list underwent gene enrichment analysis using g:profiler using the Fisher exact test for gene enrichment pathway analysis. The modules associated with Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) score at 0, 24, and 48 hours showed a changing pattern of enriched pathways related to nuclear (p < 2e-08), cytoplasmic (p < 4e-05), and then extracellular gene regulation (p < 7e-17) for PELOD 0, 24 and 48 hours, respectively. The classification of survival and non-survival dataset using the proposed machine learning ANN technique achieved accuracies of 100% for both train and test data.
Conclusion
Time series transcriptomic analysis using WGCNA applied to a meningococcal septic shock dataset revealed an association between MSS clinical traits and major cellular processes activated through the study period of up-to 48 hours post admission. Using WGCNA, this study demonstrated the association of temporal clinical characteristics to changing cellular processes. Among ML algorithms, ANN generated the best accuracy in sepsis prediction. Thereby WCGNA and ML approached may provide a clinical linkage approach for precision management strategies in sepsis.
Determination of Noise Caused by Ventilated Brake Disc with Respect to the Rib Shape and Material Properties Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Stojanovic Nadica , Ghazaly Nouby M. , Grujic Ivan , Doric Jovan
Published: November 2022

Ventilated brake discs may have various configurations of ribs and can be manufactured from different materials. In order to improve the performance in extreme exploitation conditions, it is necessary that they heat up and wear as little as possible, and that they have good heat dissipation capacity and generate low noise. To achieve this, optimization of the influential parameters is required. In this study, the optimization and the analysis of the frequency value were made on the basis of the influential parameters, such as brake disc vane shape, density, Young’s modulus, and Poisson's coefficient. A numerical investigation was conducted using the ANSYS software package in the MODAL module. In order to better understand which parameter has the greatest influence on the noise formation, the Taguchi method was applied. By applying the Analysis of Variance – ANOVA, the influence of each parameter on frequency, expressed as a percentage, was determined. The obtained results show that the most influential parameter is the shape of the ribs (90.82%), followed by Young’s modulus (8.26%) and density (0.89%).
The immune status of the organism of bulls under cadmium load and the effects of correcting factors
Authors: Gutyj Bogdan , Martyshuk Tetiana , Khariv Ivan , Guta Zoryana
Published: November 2022

Man-made pollution of the environment through food chains has a significant impact on animal productivity and product quality. The studied environmental pollutant, cadmium, is classified as an extremely dangerous heavy metal. That is why the study of the effect of this toxicant on the immune system of the body of young cattle and the development of its correction is relevant. Research in this direction is relevant and has significant prospects. The experiments were carried out on six-month-old bulls, a Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed. The bulls were subjected to a cadmium load by feeding cadmium chloride with feed at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg of animal body weight. It has been established that the cadmium load in bulls had an immunosuppressive effect on the activity of the immune system, which indicates a decrease in the indicators of humoral and nonspecific parts of the immune defense. To prevent the development of chronic cadmium toxicosis, experimental animals were given the feed additive Metisevit at a dose of 0.36 g/kg of feed and the liposomal preparation Butaintervit at a dose of 5 ml per animal. These preparations contributed to an increase in nonspecific resistance, in particular, an increase in the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, phagocytic activity and phagocytic index with a simultaneous decrease in the level of circulating immune complexes in their blood. Under the experimental cadmium load, the best effect on the immune defense of the organism of bulls was exerted by the combined use of the feed additive Metisevit and the liposomal preparation Butaintervit. These changes in the body of young cattle are associated with the complex action of both the components of the feed additive and the liposomal preparation. The liposomal form of Butaintervit has a more pronounced and lasting effect. Metisevit and the liposomal preparation Butaintervit complement the prescribed therapy and, when used together with a cadmium load, show high therapeutic efficacy
Implementation of the concept of healthy food in restaurants
Authors: Paska Mariia , Radzimovska Olga , Guzenko Iryna
Published: November 2022

Food refers to the most important factors of the environment, which directly affect the human body throughout life. Proper nutrition is an important part of a balanced diet. The regime provides regular meals at certain hours at certain intervals, as well as the distribution of the daily diet by energy value during the day. Adherence to the diet ensures the rhythmic functioning of the digestive system, normal digestion and proper metabolism. The food ration should be composed so that its energy value covers the body's energy expenditure. The organization of a balanced diet is one of the most important factors in maintaining good health and improving efficiency. The diet should be composed so that its energy value covers the body's energy expenditure.

Promising in this regard is the introduction of the concept of healthy eating in the daily diet of athletes in various sports. After all, the trends of modern healthy eating show a growing interest among athletes in various sports.

The aim of research is to introduce the concept of healthy eating in sports and recreation and restaurants.

The following research methods were used in the work: observation analysis (diet), organoleptic evaluation, statistical data processing, consumer evaluation of finished restaurant products according to DSTU.

To fulfill our tasks of theoretical generalizations and experimental research, scientifically substantiated the introduction of the concept of healthy eating in the diets, as well as balanced the ingredient composition of the diet by developing and adding chopped semi-finished products using beef and raw materials.

In our work let’s offer an innovative model for the use of meatballs for health purposes in the diets of athletes with playing sports
BORÇLUNUN TEMERRÜDÜNDE AYNEN İFA KAVRAMININ EDİM ÖZELLİKLERİ YÖNÜNDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ATEŞ Derya
Published: November 2022

Borçlu temerrüdü ile ilgili monografik eserler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda hem konunun önemi hem de derinliği çok net ortaya çıkmaktadır. Mesele basit bir borca aykırılık halinin ötesinde özellikle karşılıklı borç yükleyen sözleşmelerde çok yönlü sorunları ve tartışmaları da içinde barındırır. Zira bir kere borçlu temerrüdü gerçekleştiğinde artık alacaklının önüne çıkabilecek tek engel sadece borçlunun içinde bulunduğu durum ve koşullar değil; aynı zamanda taraflara ait yükümlülükler ile aynen ifaya konu edimin özellikleridir. Her ne kadar borçlu temerrüdünde gecikmiş olan aynen ifa talebi, temerrüde ait bir yaptırımdan ziyade, alacaklının sözleşmeden kaynaklanan bir hakkının ifadesi olsa da karşılıklı borç yükleyen sözleşmelerin özellikleri alacaklının asli talebini oluşturan aynen ifaya konu edime göre ayrıca değerlendirilmelidir. Buna göre aynen ifanın henüz borca aykırılık gerçekleşmeden yani borçlu temerrüde düşmeden önce kararlaştırılmış edime uygunluğu esastır. Edimin ifa ikameleri ile karşılanması, kısmi ifanın gerçekleşmesi, edim fiili veya edim sonucunun kararlaştırılması, edimin olumlu veya olumsuz edim olması gibi ihtimallerde ise aynen ifanın kendine özgü sonuçlarının doğması kaçınılmazdır.
Relationship of salinity, temperature, pH, and transparency to dissolved oxygen in the Bouregreg estuary (Morocco): First results
Authors: Haddout Soufiane , Priya K. L. , Hoguane A. M. , Casila Joan Cecilia C. , Ljubenkov I.
Published: November 2022

Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is an essential indicator for assessment of estuary ecosystems. According to our knowledge, there is no research on the depth profiles of the DO and associated water quality variables of the entire Bouregreg estuary (Morocco). Water samples were collected from three stations at 0.5-m depth intervals during high and low tides (10/11/2021, 20/03/2022, and 02/07/2022). Our study shows that the DO concentrations ranged between 5.5 and 11.8 mg/L and demonstrated an inconsistent stratification pattern. When the tide was high and low in most of the study area, the bottom layer had a higher concentration of DO than the surface layer. There was a relatively high concentration of DO in the bottom layer of the estuary and a relatively low concentration in the surface layer of the estuary due to a high rate of freshwater flow on the surface (the release of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah dam and the existence of estuarine gravitational circulation). Salinity, pH, water temperature, and water transparency ranged from 19.4 to 35.8 ppt, 7.0 to 8.7, 17 to 23 °C, and 16 to 21 cm, respectively, considering the depth profiles in the study area. The study provides scientific support for ecology operation and considerable advances in understanding the ecosystem dynamics of the Bouregreg estuary.
Understanding the best practices of public administration in the era of revolution 4.0
Authors: Setyarto Dwiatmodjo Budi , Suraja Yohannes , Hadilinatih Bening , Dominata Ayurisya , Kholiyah Siti
Published: November 2022

We carry out this study intending to gain an in-depth understanding of the best practices of public administration in the era of the technological revolution, which is the result of scientific research publications in a multi-field context. In order to answer and enliven this discussion, we have conducted a series of data searches on several books and other academic papers that focus on telling the best practices of public administration in the revolutionary era. After getting the data, a high-in-depth evaluation data coding system is studied to get relevant results to answer the problem with high validity. After reviewing and discussing it, the best practice of public administration includes several things, including having a servant leadership spirit that is innovative and able to communicate. Conducive thinking saves many people and commits to continuously achieving government and private organizations' goals.
Correlation Of Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio And C-Reactive Protein Levels on Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness And Flow-Mediated Dilatation Response In Children and Adolescent with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus At Dr Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang
Authors: Widasmara Seprian , Kurnianingsih Novi , Prasetya Indra , Tri Tjahjono Cholid , Satrijo Budi
Published: November 2022

Background: Early and accelerated atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and often causes premature death in T1DM patients. In T1DM, atherosclerosis can be detected since adolescence. The initial association between urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) and c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with subclinical cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents with T1DM supported findings from previous studies. Imaging tests using ultrasound can detect subclinical atherosclerosis in this patient population. Carotid artery intima-me- dia thickness (cIMT) and flow-mediated dilatation response (FMD) have been frequently used to detect subclini- cal atherosclerosis. Objectives: To find correlation between ACR and hsCRP on the thickness values of cIMT and FMD in children and adolescent T1DM patients at Dr Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 82 subjects of T1DM patients who routinely control the pediatric outpatient clinic of RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang, with the research period January – July 2019 and December 2021 – March 2022. Subjects were undergone valcuras ultrasound examination for measurements of cIMT and FMD. Blood sample from subjects were also collected to detect level of ACR and hsCRP. Associations between the study variables were estimated by calculating the Pearson’s rank correlation. Result: There was correlation between ACR with FMD and cIMT (r=-0.593; p=0.000 and r=0.339; p=0.002, respectively). ACR was negatively correlated with FMD and positively correlated with cIMT. There was also correlation between hsCRP with FMD and cIMT (p=-0.375; p=0.001 and r= 0.414; p=0.023, respectively). hsCRP was negatively correlated with FMD and positively correlated with cIMT. Conclusion: ACR and hsCRP have a correlation with increasing CIMT values and decreasing FMD values in children and adolescents with T1DM patients. Preadolescent children with T1DM displayed evidence of increased low-intensity vascular inflammation, increased cIMT and attenuated FMD measurements. These data suggest that endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation are present even in preadolescent children with T1DM
The Relationship Of Heart Rate Recovery Post Exercise Stress Test To Syntax Values In Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar , Anjarwani Setyasih , Tri Tjahjono Cholid , Satrijo Budi , Yogibuana Swastika Putri Valerinna
Published: November 2022

Background: The prognostic usefulness of abnormal heart rate recovery (HRR) as a predictor of death has been discovered 1–3. Abnormal HRR results from inadequate vagal activation after exercise 4,5. The association between HRR and angiography in CAD (coronary artery disease) has been studied, however the conclusions are still being contested due to a lack of data 6–8. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to see if HRR after an EST (exercise stress test) may predict the severity of syntax values in individuals with stable CAD at Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang (RSSA). Methods: This study is an analytic observational study. It was held in Saful anwar, Malang Hospital during January 2017–December 2019, including 366 patients. All patients underwent exercise stress test for CAD screening and coroner angiography. Those were divided into two groups, which included syntax score < 23 (n=148) and syntax score ≥ 23 (n= 218). Chi-square analysis was used to analyze the relationship correlation between HRR1, HRR2 and Syntax Score, and was used to compared between HRR1 (heart rate recovery first minutes), HRR2 (heart rate recovery second minute) and Syntax Score group. The confounding factor was adjusted with multivariate logistic regression analysis and AUC curve. Results: There was a significant negatif correlation between abnormal HRR1 and HRR2 after exercise and Syntax score, with strong correlation (HRR1 ; OR = -2.11, p = 0.00 AUC :90,8%, HRR2 ; OR = -1,6, p = 0,48, AUC : 70,4%). Conclusion: Decrease HRR at first and second minutes after exercise stress test in stable CAD patient related to higher Syntax Score (>1).
Short notice : To commemorate shared pasts. Legislation related to enslavement and multicultural relations in the Dutch West Indies colonies, c. 1670 – c. 1870
Authors: Schillings Marijcke , Dapperen Henk-Jan van
Published: November 2022

Summaries or transcripts of ordinances proclaimed in Suriname, Guyana, Curaçao, Aruba, Bonaire, St. Eustatius, Saba and half of St. Martin, and related to enslavement and multicultural relations, have been available digitally since 2013-2014, via two web applications titled “The Dutch in the Caribbean World, c. 1670-c. 1870” and “Guyana ordinance book, 1670-1870”.
Happy and Satisfied in Very Late Life? Findings from the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Arieli Rotem , Lee Gina , Ryou Yeon ji , Martin Peter
Published: November 2022

This research aims to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of positive subjective well-being among centenarians and near-centenarians in the Health and Retirement Study. Participants who eventually survived to age 98 or older (N = 516) were included. Study variables included demographic characteristics, health and activities of daily living (ADL) functioning, cognitive functioning, and positive well-being. Additionally, a smaller subsample (n = 192) of participants with supplemental leave-behind questionnaire (LBQ) data, some of whom (n = 30) were assessed across three comparative time points, were included to examine psychological well-being variables over time. In the full sample, approximately 86% and 81% of participants over or near the age of 100 reported enjoying their lives and being happy, respectively. Also in the full sample, better self-rated health (SRH) was associated with greater happiness/enjoyment. Results with the LBQ subsample (n = 192) identified that a) greater life satisfaction related to better SRH, b) better cognitive functioning related to greater optimism and purpose in life, and c) more educated and non-White participants tended to have greater purpose in life. Finally, for the longitudinal subsample, life satisfaction increased significantly while purpose in life decreased significantly as participants neared age 100. Implications for this study include a greater focus on developing interventions geared toward improving psychological well-being; specifically, increasing purpose in life and optimism, as well as focusing on improving happiness and life enjoyment.
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Migraine – How Does It Work and What Can We Learn from It?
Authors: O’Hare Louise , Griffiths Robyn
Published: November 2022

Although being one of the most common neurological disorders, migraine is commonly misunderstood and misdiagnosed. Current treatments rely on pharmacological approaches, which have been shown not to be effective for all, and so alternative, non-invasive treatments are being sought. Transcranial stimulation could be a possible treatment for migraine. Transcranial electrical stimulation generally involves applying a current to the cortex via the scalp. Whilst this has previously been mostly done in clinical settings, the advance of technology means that devices intended for use in the home are becoming more readily available. However, one of the major drawbacks is that we are not sure about the mode of action of transcranial electrical neurostimulation specifically in the case of migraine. The purpose of this review is to consolidate our current understanding of how these methods are thought to work in the case of migraine, considering not only their effectiveness in attempting to treat migraine, but also as a tool to understand migraine as a disorder.
Application of the Extrapolation Method in Battery Diagnostics for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Beshta Oleksandr , Pivnyak Gennadiy , Beshta Jr Oleksandr , Borovik Roman , Edgar Cáceres Cabana , Smolinski Adam
Published: November 2022

In a lithium-ion battery, the crossing of its charging–discharging curves represents an unambiguous current capacity. The reproduction of a complete charging–discharging cycle defines the maximum possible charge for a current battery state. When obtaining of the curves experimentally, one should consider the duration of polarization or depolarization. It is reported that the battery capacity depends considerably on the value of the battery’s internal resistance as this value defines the location of the actual charging–discharging curves relative to the nominal curves, i.e., the point of their crossing shifts. The present study aimed to develop a diagnostic algorithm for the batteries of electric vehicles for a complete charge–discharge cycle, considering the processes of polarization and depolarization. The mathematical expressions for determining the internal resistance and the complete charge of the battery were obtained. The novelty of the present study is in the fact that by applying extrapolation to a simple electrical model of a lithium-ion battery, the degree of degradation and the current charge could be predicted without the requirement of lengthy experimental procedures.
Ethical and Methodological Considerations of Twitter Data for Public Health Research: Systematic Review
Authors: Takats Courtney , Kwan Amy , Wormer Rachel , Goldman Dari , Jones Heidi E , Romero Diana
Published: November 2022

Background

Much research is being carried out using publicly available Twitter data in the field of public health, but the types of research questions that these data are being used to answer and the extent to which these projects require ethical oversight are not clear.

Objective

This review describes the current state of public health research using Twitter data in terms of methods and research questions, geographic focus, and ethical considerations including obtaining informed consent from Twitter handlers.

Methods

We implemented a systematic review, following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, of articles published between January 2006 and October 31, 2019, using Twitter data in secondary analyses for public health research, which were found using standardized search criteria on SocINDEX, PsycINFO, and PubMed. Studies were excluded when using Twitter for primary data collection, such as for study recruitment or as part of a dissemination intervention.

Results

We identified 367 articles that met eligibility criteria. Infectious disease (n=80, 22%) and substance use (n=66, 18%) were the most common topics for these studies, and sentiment mining (n=227, 62%), surveillance (n=224, 61%), and thematic exploration (n=217, 59%) were the most common methodologies employed. Approximately one-third of articles had a global or worldwide geographic focus; another one-third focused on the United States. The majority (n=222, 60%) of articles used a native Twitter application programming interface, and a significant amount of the remainder (n=102, 28%) used a third-party application programming interface. Only one-third (n=119, 32%) of studies sought ethical approval from an institutional review board, while 17% of them (n=62) included identifying information on Twitter users or tweets and 36% of them (n=131) attempted to anonymize identifiers. Most studies (n=272, 79%) included a discussion on the validity of the measures and reliability of coding (70% for interreliability of human coding and 70% for computer algorithm checks), but less attention was paid to the sampling frame, and what underlying population the sample represented.

Conclusions

Twitter data may be useful in public health research, given its access to publicly available information. However, studies should exercise greater caution in considering the data sources, accession method, and external validity of the sampling frame. Further, an ethical framework is necessary to help guide future research in this area, especially when individual, identifiable Twitter users and tweets are shared and discussed.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42020148170; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=148170
Monitoring and Identifying Emerging e-Cigarette Brands and Flavors on Twitter: Observational Study
Authors: Tang Qihang , Zhou Runtao , Xie Zidian , Li Dongmei
Published: November 2022

Background

Flavored electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become very popular in recent years. e-Cigarette users like to share their e-cigarette products and e-cigarette use (vaping) experiences on social media. e-Cigarette marketing and promotions are also prevalent online.

Objective

This study aims to develop a method to identify new e-cigarette brands and flavors mentioned on Twitter and to monitor e-cigarette brands and flavors mentioned on Twitter from May 2021 to December 2021.

Methods

We collected 1.9 million tweets related to e-cigarettes between May 3, 2021, and December 31, 2021, by using the Twitter streaming application programming interface. Commercial and noncommercial tweets were characterized based on promotion-related keywords. We developed a depletion method to identify new e-cigarette brands by removing the keywords that already existed in the reference data set (Twitter data related to e-cigarettes from May 3, 2021, to August 31, 2021) or our previously identified brand list from the keywords in the target data set (e-cigarette–related Twitter data from September 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021), followed by a manual Google search to identify new e-cigarette brands. To identify new e-cigarette flavors, we constructed a flavor keyword list based on our previously collected e-cigarette flavor names, which were used to identify potential tweet segments that contain at least one of the e-cigarette flavor keywords. Tweets or tweet segments with flavor keywords but not any known flavor names were marked as potential new flavor candidates, which were further verified by a web-based search. The longitudinal trends in the number of tweets mentioning e-cigarette brands and flavors were examined in both commercial and noncommercial tweets.

Results

Through our developed methods, we identified 34 new e-cigarette brands and 97 new e-cigarette flavors from commercial tweets as well as 56 new e-cigarette brands and 164 new e-cigarette flavors from noncommercial tweets. The longitudinal trend of the e-cigarette brands showed that JUUL was the most popular e-cigarette brand mentioned on Twitter; however, there was a decreasing trend in the mention of JUUL over time on Twitter. Menthol flavor was the most popular e-cigarette flavor mentioned in the commercial tweets, whereas mango flavor was the most popular e-cigarette flavor mentioned in the noncommercial tweets during our study period.

Conclusions

Our proposed methods can successfully identify new e-cigarette brands and flavors mentioned on Twitter. Twitter data can be used for monitoring the dynamic changes in the popularity of e-cigarette brands and flavors.
A CLINICAL STUDY OF AO CANNULATED CANCELLOUS SCREWS FIXATION FOR GARDEN’S TYPE I AND TYPE II FRACTURE NECK OF FEMUR IN YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: C VINOD KUMAR , AK RUDRAMUNI , KUMAR RAWAT SUDHIR
Published: November 2022

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study the functional outcome of surgically managed type I and II fracture neck of the femur by AO cannulated cancellous screws in young adults.
Methods: A prospective study of 20 cases of type I and II Garden’s fracture neck of femur in young adults managed surgically by AO cannulated cancellous screws fixation in Chigateri Government Hospital and Bapuji Hospital, between September 2014 and September 2016 satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria which were studied. The functional outcome was evaluated using the Modified Harris hip scoring system.
Results: In our study, we achieved 85% excellent results, 10% good, and 5% fair results. We had 95% satisfactory results in terms of the functional outcome. The results were comparable to other studies.
Conclusion: Intracapsular fracture neck of femur in young adults treated surgically by closed reduction and 6.5 mm AO cannulated cancellous screw fixation gave excellent to good functional outcome in 95%. Hence, this would be the best procedure for intracapsular fracture neck of the femur, and this is going to stay for an extended period in orthopedic practice.
EVALUATION OF ROLE OF FICUS BENGALENSIS IN MODULATION OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN DIABETIC RATS
Authors: SURANAGI UMESH D , ARORA ANKIT , GOGOI SANJIB , NIRALA RAVIKANT , SOLANKI BHUPINDER
Published: November 2022

Objectives: Our objective was to study the effects of Ficus benghalensis on cognitive behavior and oxidative stress in diabetic rats and to compare with vitamin C and glimepiride.
Methods: Wistar rats of either sex randomized into five groups of diabetic rats by streptozocin (STZ), five groups of non-diabetic rats (distilled water) (n=10). Subgroup division (F. benghalensis dose I and II, i.e., 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg; Vitamin C 100 mg/kg and glimepiride 0.5 mg/kg) were done. Each drug was given to one diabetic and one non-diabetic group. Other set served as control. Assessment of blood glucose, cognitive function (using continuous avoidance apparatus and Morris water maze test), and oxidative stress (measuring Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels) were done on Day 0 and 30. The acquisition phase of cognitive behavior tests was assessed on 0, 14, and 29 days and retention phase was assessed on 1, 15, and 30 day.
Results: As compared to control group, F. benghalensis dose I, dose II, and glimepiride showed significant decrease (p<0.001) in blood glucose. F. benghalensis dose I, dose II, vitamin C, and glimepiride group showed significant decrease in acquisition and retention of transfer latency on 29 and 30 days. Significant increase in retention of step-down latency on 30 day was shown by both the doses of F. benghalensis. Both doses of F. benghalensis, vitamin C and glimepiride group showed significant increase in retention of Quadrant-time in comparison to control on 30 days. Significant decrease in brain MDA levels while a significant increase in brain GSH levels was observed in all groups except control.
Conclusion: F. benghalensis reverses behavioral and biochemical changes induced by STZ and effects are comparable with that of vitamin C and glimepiride.
Bacteriological Profile and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in Bloodstream Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Authors: Kaur Charanjeev , Sharma Sarbjeet
Published: November 2022

Blood is a sterile, liquid connective tissue. When infected with microbes, grave consequences can occur, such as shock, multiple organ failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and death. The World Health Organization reported 49 million cases of sepsis and 11 million sepsis-related deaths in 2017, accounting for approximately 20% of deaths annually worldwide. Rapid identification of the causative organism and timely, appropriate treatment are required to reduce mortality due to bloodstream infections. This study was conducted to analyze the patterns of various bacteria causing bloodstream infections and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. All blood samples received for diagnosing bloodstream infections at the Microbiology Department of Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, were included in the study, the duration of which was 1 year, from January to December 2020. Blood samples of 5–10 ml from adult and 5 ml from pediatric patients, were collected under aseptic conditions, stored in BACTEC bottles, and processed in an automated BACTEC system before antimicrobial therapy. After 7 days of incubation, if no microbial growth was observed, the sample was reported as sterile for aerobic organisms. When growth was observed, broth from positive blood culture bottles was subcultured on blood and MacConkey agar for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using Vitek 2 according to CLSI (Clinical Lab Standard Institute) guidelines and the manufacturer’s instructions. A total of 441 (14.5%) bacteria were isolated from 3007 blood samples from patients with suspected bacteremia. Contamination was observed at a rate of 2.5%. Gram-positive cocci (49%) were the predominant organisms recovered, followed by Gram-negative bacilli (34%). Gram-positive cocci were coagulase-negative Staphylococci (46%), Staphylococcus aureus (7%), and Enterococcus spp. (6%). Among the Gram-negative bacilli, E.coli (14%), Klebsiella spp. (13%), Acinetobacter baumannii (7%), Pseudomonas spp. (7%), Salmonella typhi (2%), Enterobacter spp. (1%), and Serratia spp. (1%) and single isolates of Aeromonas spp., Morganella morgani, Pantoea spp., Proteus mirabilis, and Providentia rettgeri were identified. Linezolid, teicoplanin, and vancomycin were the most effective drugs for treating Gram-positive bacteremia. Tigecycline, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides were the most effective treatments for Gram-negative bacteremia. The results stress the need for continued screening and surveillance in routine blood culture techniques to start empiric therapy for bloodstream infections.
Antidiabetic Effects and Enzymatic Antioxidant Activity of Chicken Drumstick Mushroom (Coprinus comatus) Extract in Diabetic Rats Model
Authors: Ratnaningtyas Nuniek Ina , Husen Fajar , Sukmawati Dalia , Wibowo Eko Setio , Hikam Arif Rahman , Aksoy Adil
Published: November 2022

Coprinus comatus (O.F. Mull.) Pers. is a medicinal and edible mushroom containing bioactive compounds known as antidiabetic and antioxidant agents. The pancreatic β-cells were sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) attacks, which can cause necrosis and disrupt insulin production. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the C. comatus ethyl acetate extract for antidiabetic and antioxidant to decrease fasting blood glucose, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme (DPP-4) levels, and increase glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Subsequently, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, namely 2-5 streptozotocin (STZ)-induced 45 mg/kg, 1/HC (without any treatment), 2/NC (negative control), 3/PC (administered metformin 45 mg/kg Body weight (BW), 4-6 (T1: administered 250 mg, T2: administered 500 mg, and T3: administered 750 mg/kg BW extract). The parameters were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. According to the results, the extract significantly decreased DPP-4 levels, blood glucose and increased GPx (p ≤ 0.05). The 500 mg extract effectively reduced blood glucose levels and DPP-4 enzyme as well as increased levels of GPx.
SmartCare: A Symptoms Based Disease Prediction Model Using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Lucas Stepheny , Desai Mitali , Khot Amisha , Harriet Sincee , Narkar Nilambari
Published: November 2022

Abstract: The breakthrough on computer-based technology has resulted in storage of a lot of electronic data in the healthcare industry. Machine Learning technology has been proven beneficial in giving an immeasurable platform in the medical field so that health care issues can be resolved effortlessly and expeditiously. Prediction of disease at early stage could help people from getting the necessary treatment on time. These days many virtual prediction models are available for the same. The existing systems either made use of only one algorithm or prediction system were capable for predicting only one disease. The maximum accuracy of the existing systems range between 52% to 88%. The algorithms used in various prediction system consisted of Linear Regression, Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, KNN, CNN, Random Forest Tree, etc. In our project i.e., “SmartCare: A Symptoms Based Disease Prediction Model Using Machine Learning Approach”, it is possible to predict more than one disease at a time. So, the user does not need to traverse many models to predict the diseases. It will help to reduce the time and cost of predicting diseases at prior stages, so as to prevent the extremities of it and thus, there is a chance of reducing mortality rate.
Mutaciones su historia y sus metáforas
Authors: Corbacho Verónica
Published: November 2022

Históricamente las metáforas fueron consideradas como recurso retórico ornamental y poco frecuente. En los últimos cuarenta años los estudios sobre la metáfora destacan su presencia en todo tipo de discursos, se reivindica su función como estructuradora del sistema conceptual y su potencial performativo. Además, ya no se la considera como un término que reemplaza a otro literal, sino que ésta forma parte constitutiva del lenguaje específico de la disciplina como es el caso de las metáforas científicas.
Aquí se describe la creación de la metáfora de la mutación como metáfora epistémica, los cambios operados en su significado, y se analiza su uso por parte de tres de los científicos considerados como los creadores de la noción de mutación en Biología. El propósito es explorar un caso particular para entender cómo se introduce en el lenguaje científico, su evolución y las proyecciones metafóricas que despierta.
Tele-cuidado: en tiempos de aislamiento por COVID-19
Authors: Ojeda Edecia Muriel
Published: November 2022

En esta crisis epidemiológica producida por el virus COVID-19, los/as profesionales de enfermería han tenido un rol estratégico para la humanidad. El aislamiento, la presencia de la infección en el cuerpo del ser humano, planteó como necesidad dar cuidado a través de la Tecnología. El trabajo describe y pone de manifiesto una producción, que hace referencia al valor de la profesión de enfermería en el cuidado desde una implicación amorosa, comprensiva y respetuosa, enmarcada en el uso de la tecnología. Un cuidado otorgado a la distancia para aquellas personas que tuvieron que aislarse por estar transitando la infección en su domicilio. Para ello, se ha recurrido a bases filosóficas que aportan Michael Foucault y Leonardo Boff quienes nos permiten ver al cuidado desde una mirada amplia e integral. Asimismo las contribuciones de Jean Watson y Marie Françoise Colliére, teóricas que basadas en la filosofía imprimen al cuidado como una relación de necesidad y compromiso. Se hacen aportes que permiten dar cuenta que el uso de la tecnología, permitió mantener el vínculo entre las personas aisladas y la sociedad. El celular como medio para brindar un cuidado llevando a la práctica la escucha asertiva y la empatía. La conclusión está planteada, desde una perspectiva del presente y del futuro, siendo la tecnología un medio del siglo XXI, cada vez más afianzado en el tele- cuidado.