bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability analysis of frame structures using radial basis function neural networks
Authors: Ghorbani A , Ghasemi M R
Published: July 2017

In this study, a hybrid reliability methodology via Monte Carlo simulation techniques with radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is presented.

Monte Carlo simulation is a powerful tool, simple to implement, and capable of solving a broad range of reliability problems. However, its use for the evaluation of very low probabilities of failure implies a great number of analyses, and the computational time highly increases. In practice, the size of a design problem can be very large and the limit state functions (LSFs) are usually implicit in terms of the random variables. A hybrid method consisting of Monte Carlo simulation and RBFNN is proposed in the present study to approximate the LSF or failure function of the structure. Therefore, the computational burden of Monte Carlo simulation decreases significantly. A distinctive feature of this method is the introduction of an explicit approximate LSF. Using the parameters of the RBFNN, the explicit formulation of the LSF is derived. By introducing the derived approximate LSF, the failure probability can be easily estimated.

In order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, some illustrative examples including frame structures are considered, and the numerical results are verified.
A thermal model of a ball screw feed drive system for a machine tool
Authors: Min X , Jiang S
Published: July 2017

The feed drive system is a major heat source of machine tools, which results in considerable thermal drift at the tool. Therefore, there is a need to establish a scientific and systematic model that can be used to predict the temperature distribution of the feed drive system. In this research, considering the thermal contact resistance between the bearing and its housing, an integrated thermal model has been developed by the aid of the finite-element method to analyse the temperature distribution of a ball screw feed drive system, in particular the theoretical determination of power losses caused by the friction in ball screw pair, rolling bearings, and guide ways. Thermal boundary conditions including the convective heat transfer coefficients and heat flux have been obtained using the Fourier's law. Results reveal that the ball screw shaft surface has a uniform temperature rise of 4.2 °C under a given condition. The temperature rise agrees with the data obtained by an infrared thermometer.
Terminators, Monkeys and Mass Culture
Authors: Dimitrakaki Angela , Tsiantis Miltos
Published: July 2017

This article is concerned with time in science fiction films. Our contention is that the current fascination with the time travel motif can be understood in terms of an oppositional cultural narrative running counter to dominant forms of temporality within capitalism. Such a reading allows us to negotiate the wide (mass) appeal of films based on the time travel motif without resorting to the primal scene fantasy. Our argument challenges the views which dismiss mass culture as merely escapist. Specifically, we argue that the potentially subversive element of time travel films lies precisely in a particular conceptualization and experience of time and history as cyclical and in flux. This understanding of time is antithetical to the temporalities generated within late capitalist societies where time emerges as both linear and fragmented. Through the reading of films such as 12 Monkeys, Terminator and others we attempt to show that time in this context entails a possibility of intervention in history (both personal and social) and is presented as non-linear and non-teleological.
Exploring Dimensions of Age in Young People's Lives
Authors: Aapola Sinikka
Published: July 2017

This article focuses on dimensions of age in young people's life contexts within a discourse analytical framework. The analysis is based on meanings of age presented by Finnish secondary school students. The data consist of 88 autobiographical essays, written by 15 to 16-year-old boys and girls. Age is approached as a socially constructed phenomenon, defined differently in varying contexts.
The voices of Paul de Man
Authors: Currie Mark
Published: July 2017

This article argues that analysis of fictional point of view, especially through the effects of speech act categories, has important implications for the analysis of non-fictional discourse. It takes Paul de Man's Allegories of Reading as its example and demonstrates that a multi-layered structure of different voices and personalities creates an untheorised confusion between a text and its reading: a confusion which is seen as a key factor in the impact of deconstruction in literary studies. It examines the status of the metalingual propositions which de Man formulates in this mode as the allegorical meanings of literary texts, and claims that the critique of reference assembled by these readings is subverted by the movements in point of view in the argument.
The Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways promote EMT in gastric cancer by epigenetic regulation via H3 lysine 27 acetylation
Authors: Song Yue , Li Zhao-xia , Liu Xi , Wang Rui , Li Li-wei , Zhang Qingyu
Published: July 2017

In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt– and Wnt/β-catenin-mediated promotion of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by epigenetic regulation of histone acetylation in gastric cancer. First, we used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and β-catenin in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. In addition, we confirmed that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways were correlated with tumorigenesis, progression, and maintenance of gastric cancer using the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 and an inhibitor of the β-catenin/TCF4 complex, FH535. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition–related gene expression was measured by western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Furthermore, we detected the acetylation of histone H3 lysine 4 and lysine 27 using the FH535 and LY294002 inhibitors at different concentrations for 24 and 48 h. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the specific binding of H3K27ac to the promoter of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition–related factor, Twist. Taken together, abnormal activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was correlated with the gastric cancer progression and contributed to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition regulation by controlling histone acetylation.
Tim-3 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of osteosarcoma
Authors: Ge Wenhui , Li Jing , Fan Wenhao , Xu Delong , Sun Shangfei
Published: July 2017

Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary bone tumor that affects adolescents and children. However, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for osteosarcoma remain lacking. (Tim-3) T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3, which negatively regulates T cell helper (Th1) cells and affects cytokine expression, has attracted increasing attention due to its critical role in regulating both adaptive and innate immune cells. In this study, we evaluated serum soluble Tim-3 level in osteosarcoma patients to explore its diagnostic and prognostic value for this particular malignancy. Serum soluble Tim-3 level was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 120 osteosarcoma patients, 120 benign bone tumors patients and 120 healthy controls, followed by analysis of the correlation with clinic pathological characteristics. Receiver operating curves, Kaplan-Meier curves, and log-rank analyses as well as Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance. Serum solubleTim-3 level was remarkably elevated in osteosarcoma patients. Osteosarcoma patients with larger tumor size, late stages and distant metastases were accompanied with higher levels of Tim-3. ROC/AUC analysis indicated thatTim-3 served as a reliable marker to distinguish healthy participants from Tim-3 patients. Osteosarcoma patients with higher Tim-3 had relatively lower survival. Multivariate analyses for overall survival revealed that high serum soluble Tim-3 level was an independent prognostic factor for osteosarcoma. Furthermore, Tim-3 levels of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were elevated in peripheral circulation of osteosarcoma patients. Therefore, It was indicated in our research that elevated serum soluble Tim-3 level might be a novel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for osteosarcoma patients.
DEK proto-oncogene is highly expressed in astrocytic tumors and regulates glioblastoma cell proliferation and apoptosis
Authors: Feng Tianda , Liu Yunhui , Li Chao , Li Zhen , Cai Heng
Published: July 2017

Astrocytic tumors are the most common neuroepithelial neoplasms with high relapse rate after surgery. Understanding the molecular mechanisms for astrocytic tumorigenesis and progression will lead to early diagnosis and effective treatment of astrocytic tumors. The DEK mRNA and protein expression in normal brain tissues and astrocytic tumors was quantified. To investigate DEK functions in tumor cells, DEK gene was silenced with siRNA in U251 glioblastoma cells. Cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were then measured. The expression and activity of key genes that regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis were also measured. We identified DEK as a high expressed gene in astrocytic tumor tissues. DEK expression level was positively correlated with the pathological grade of astrocytic tumors. Gene silencing of DEK in U251 glioblastomas inhibited cell proliferation and blocked cells at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle. DEK depletion also induced cell apoptosis, with up-regulated expression of P53 and P21 and down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 and C-myc. The Caspase-3 activity in U251 cells was also significantly increased after knockdown. Our results provided evidences that DEK regulates proliferation and apoptosis of glioblastomas. DEK gene silencing may induce apoptosis through P53-dependent pathway. Our data indicated DEK plays multiple roles to facilitate tumor growth and maintenance. It can be used as a potential target for astrocytic tumor diagnosis and gene therapy.
Upregulation of transferrin receptor-1 induces cholangiocarcinoma progression via induction of labile iron pool
Authors: Jamnongkan Wassana , Thanan Raynoo , Techasen Anchalee , Namwat Nisana , Loilome Watcharin , Intarawichian Piyapharom , Titapun Attapol , Yongvanit Puangrat
Published: July 2017

Labile iron pool is a cellular source of ions available for Fenton reactions resulting in oxidative stress. Living organisms avoid an excess of free irons by a tight control of iron homeostasis. We investigated the altered expression of iron regulatory proteins and iron discrimination in the development of liver fluke–associated cholangiocarcinoma. Additionally, the levels of labile iron pool and the functions of transferrin receptor-1 on cholangiocarcinoma development were also identified. Iron deposition was determined using the Prussian blue staining method in human cholangiocarcinoma tissues. We investigated the alteration of iron regulatory proteins including transferrin, transferrin receptor-1, ferritin, ferroportin, hepcidin, and divalent metal transporter-1 in cholangiocarcinoma tissues using immunohistochemistry. The clinicopathological data of cholangiocarcinoma patients and the expressions of proteins were analyzed. Moreover, the level of intracellular labile iron pool in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines was identified by the RhoNox-1 staining method. We further demonstrated transferrin receptor-1 functions on cell proliferation and migration upon small interfering RNA for human transferrin receptor 1 transfection. Results show that Iron was strongly stained in tumor tissues, whereas negative staining was observed in normal bile ducts of healthy donors. Interestingly, high iron accumulation was significantly correlated with poor prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma patients. The expressions of iron regulatory proteins in human cholangiocarcinoma tissues and normal liver from cadaveric donors revealed that transferrin receptor-1 expression was increased in the cancer cells of cholangiocarcinoma tissues when compared with the adjacent normal bile ducts and was significantly correlated with cholangiocarcinoma metastasis. Labile iron pool level and transferrin receptor-1 expression were significantly increased in KKU-214 and KKU-213 when compared with cholangiocyte cells (MMNK1). Additionally, the suppression of transferrin receptor-1 expression significantly decreased intracellular labile iron pool, cholangiocarcinoma migration, and cell proliferation when compared with control media and control small interfering RNA. In Conclusion, high expression of transferrin receptor-1 resulting in iron uptake contributes to increase in the labile iron pool which plays roles in cholangiocarcinoma progression with aggressive clinical outcomes.
Expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha and its clinical significance in esophageal carcinoma: A meta-analysis
Authors: Jing Shao Wu , Wang Jun , Xu Qing
Published: July 2017

Many studies have analyzed the relationship between hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha expression and its relation to differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and other clinicopathological variables of esophageal carcinoma, but the results are still inconsistent. This meta-analysis was carried out to explore hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha in esophageal carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis, in order to provide comprehensive reference for clinic. A total of 18 studies including 1566 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled. The results showed that compared with para-carcinoma tissue, the expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha was significantly enhanced (odds ratio = 0.122, 95% confidence interval = 0.074–0.201, p = 0.000); hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha was associated with differentiation (odds ratio = 1.458, 95% confidence interval = 1.108–1.920, p = 0.007), T classification (odds ratio = 0.457, 95% confidence interval = 0.265–0.786, p = 0.005), lymph node metastasis (odds ratio = 0.337, 95% confidence interval = 0.185–0.614, p = 0.000), and pathological tumor–node–metastasis stage (odds ratio = 0.362, 95% confidence interval = 0.177–0.740, p = 0.005), whereas there was no relation to histological grade, lymphatic vessel invasion, blood vessel invasion, 3- to 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival. Patients with hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha overexpression had poor differentiation, increased depth of tumor invasion, more lymph node metastasis, and late pathological tumor–node–metastasis stage. Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha could be an indicator for differentiation, T classification, lymph node metastasis, and pathological tumor–node–metastasis stage, and it is worth further study.
Into the Single Market for Education: Europeanisation of Finnish Education Policy Discourses
Authors: Ollikainen Aaro
Published: July 2017

The article concerns the Europeanisation of Finnish education policy argumentation. In this process, concepts, objectives and argumentation patterns devised on the European level tacitly become incorporated in national policy discourses. The European Union changes the operating environment in which national policies are shaped and executed.

Over the late 1980s and the 1990s, Finnish thinking on education policy was effectively permeated by a discussion on European integration. Integration has called for active utilisation of EU education programmes and has also contributed to profound transformations in the structure of education and degrees. A consensus concerning the benefits of European co-operation has prevailed. The general objectives of European policies have matched those of Finnish education policy. Participation in EU programmes has proven lucrative both in financial terms and as concerns the international visibility of Finnish education. It has also created a new field of international and national competition among institutions of education.

The article concludes with a model of the Europeanisation of national education policy. It is suggested that Europeanisation is determined both by the integration policy chosen by a national government, and by conditions and strategies prevailing in a given system of education.
The State Vocational Rehabilitation Agency
Authors: Bevilacqua Joseph J.
Published: July 2017

Over the years, the state vocational rehabilitation agency has failed to create work-producing programs for individuals with serious mental illness. The author uses his 21 years of experience as a state commissioner of mental health in three states as a basis for describing this failure. Current trends, including proposed national legislation, that will drastically change the state vocational rehabilitation agency as we have known it are described and, consequently, a case for closure of the agency is proposed.
Electric Shock Devices and Their Effects on the Human Body
Authors: Robinson M N , Brooks C G , Renshaw G D
Published: July 2017

Stun guns, shock batons and cattle prods are electric shock devices which can be used as weapons against the human body. Stun guns cause temporary incapacitation of the body whereas the other devices do not. The electrical outputs of examples of each type of device were measured using a digital storage oscilloscope at the moment when the device was discharged across resistors chosen to simulate the resistance of the human body.

The outputs from the stun guns and the non-incapacitating devices have characteristic waveform shapes and magnitudes: significantly, the peak current from the stun guns is two orders of magnitude greater than from the other devices. To understand the possible hazardous effects of these outputs on the human body, the output parameters were related to the available information on the effects of electric currents on the human body and on the electro-immobilization of farm animals.
A Comparison of Male Admissions to a Special Hospital 1970–71 and 1987–88
Authors: Naismith L. J. , Coldwell J. B.
Published: July 2017

Characteristics of 109 male patients admitted over a two-year period to a Special Hospital are described and discussed. Comparison is made with the results from a previous study conducted in another Special Hospital (Broadmoor) some fifteen years ago. Admissions still originate mainly from the courts, the penal system, and the NHS. However, the pattern of admissions has changed, influenced in part by the advent of the Regional Secure Unit programme, and the 1983 revision of the Mental Health Act. Very few admissions were diagnosed as suffering from a primary affective disorder. Patients suffering from psychopathic disorder had committed few crimes of murder and manslaughter. Possible reasons for these and other findings are discussed. It is concluded that the Special Hospitals continue to play a distinct and essential role.
Policy Trends in Outcomes and OASIS
Authors: Wilson Alexis A.
Published: July 2017

Home health care is undergoing significant changes as a result of the Interim Payment System (IPS). Soon the collection of outcome data using the Outcomes Assessment and Information Set (OASIS) will also be required. This article describes the current policy environment in home health care and the initiatives in outcome measurement that have resulted from rapid industry growth. Persistent issues are discussed in relation to the development of an equitable prospective payment system (PPS). This article discusses the influence of the consumer movement and the lessons that can be learned from past experience in the health care industry. Finally, the importance of benchmarks is reviewed, along with the growing demand for quality measures that would allow for meaningful comparisons among providers.
‘Music in the Dark’: A Reflective Case Study on Music Therapy Work with One Woman in a Red-Light District in Kolkata, India
Authors: Laing Alice
Published: July 2017

The United Nations (UN 2009) report that India is a source, destination and transit country for sex trafficking. Those with learning disabilities, or other psychosocial difficulties, are thought to be most at risk. By working in conjunction with a charity in the middle of the red-light area in Kolkata that gives support to women affected by HIV I have offered music therapy to women in this district in order to support their psychological and emotional health in the context of trauma, and to children with learning disabilities. Through the therapeutic relationship and process, it is considered that aspects of trauma and self may be given the opportunity to be heard and explored, resulting in the individual's journey becoming less isolated and fragmented.

This article describes individual work with one woman. In this reflective case study I have extracted themes of femininity, intimacy, and true and false self that unfolded during the work within the context of trauma. I have drawn from music therapy articles on trauma (Austin 2002; Sutton 2002), developmental theories (Bowlby 1988; Winnicott 2005); and psychoanalytic writings focusing on trauma (Kalsched 1996; Klein 1984; Levine 1997).
Editorial Health: an invitation and introduction
Authors: Radley Alan , Lupton Deborah , Ritter Christian
Published: July 2017

This editorial paper introduces Healthas a new journal dealing with the social scientific study of health, illness and medicine. It sets the study of health within the context of postindustrial society, pointing up the importance of recent cultural, political and technological changes for the maintenance of health and for the treatment of disease. The ideological and metaphoric features of health are discussed as a way of showing that this concept requires a wider investigation than that implied by a simple contrast with illness or with medicine. The paper discusses how ideas about health are fashioned by innovations in medical technology, commodity culture, media coverage and alternative medicine. The editors highlight these issues as ones deserving of further study and invite readers to submit papers on these and related matters for publication in future numbers of Health.
Speaking about accidents: the ideology of auto safety
Authors: Freund Peter E.S. , Martin George T.
Published: July 2017

Discourses about traffic accidents are limited by an ideology of automobility that has accompanied increased auto dependence and the hegemony of the automobile over social space. Risk analyses swing back and forth from targeting either human error or technical improvement. While both are important, the attribution of accident causation to systemic factors remains largely ignored. Even in targeting human error, focus is often restricted to causes that are manageable within the existing system, e.g. drunken driving. In reality, there are many human errors and impairments that are implicated in road accidents. Thus, what is significant is that because auto-centered transport depends upon the constant ‘sobriety’ of all traffic participants, impaired driving, walking and cycling are inevitable. Another salient feature of auto-centered transport systems neglected by safety experts is the dominance of ‘hard’ means of mobility. Many argue that larger and heavier vehicles are safer, but the question is for whom and in what traffic and social contexts. In auto-centered transport, some participants, e.g. children and cyclists, who use ‘soft’ means of mobility are particularly disadvantaged. Safety is also differentiated by status (e.g. social class) factors; for example, poorer persons drive poorer vehicles. The lack of attention to systemic factors in safety discourses is congruent with the general culture of individual automobility, which assumes the superiority of auto-centered transport over other, more diversified, structures of movement.
Community-based service use by people with AIDS: the relevance of informal caregivers
Authors: LeBlanc Allen J. , Mullan Joseph T. , Wardlaw Linda A. , Harrington Charlene , Chang Sophia W.
Published: July 2017

This paper reports on community-based service use by persons with AIDS or disabling HIV (PWAs) who have an informal caregiver, with specific focus on four categories of service: nursing care; practical help; psychological services; and help with the management of personal affairs. Data are drawn from a large-scale community-based survey of caregivers in San Francisco and Los Angeles (n = 642). Caregivers report that PWAs make substantial use of community-based support: 85% use at least one service; half or more use psychological services (51%) and practical help (61%). Multivariate logistic regression models fit for each of the four categories of service use include bothPWA and caregiver characteristics as determinants, applying the widely recognized Andersen model. Our analytic models best fit nursing care and practical help outcomes and portray the complexity inherent in Andersen's framework. Correlates of service use vary by service type, illustrating the need to further study the fullest possible array of community-based services. Alongside traits of the PWA, caregiver characteristics are found to be important determinants of PWA service use, highlighting the relevance of informal caregiving to the larger system of AIDS care.
Health as moral performance: ritual, transgression and taboo
Authors: Williams Simon J.
Published: July 2017

Taking as its point of departure the problematic distinction between illness as ‘deviance’ and health as ‘conformity’, this article ventures an alternative notion of health which oscillates precariously between bodily discipline and corporeal transgression; modalities which both reflect and reproduce fundamental tensions and contradictions in Western culture. Underlying this is a notion of the ‘recalcitrant’ body; one which, as an (un) containable entity in any one domain or discourse, demands both cultural ‘limits’ and points of corporeal ‘transgression’. Drawing upon recent sociological and anthropological work within this area, these issues are illustrated through: (i) the ritual performance of health as ‘dilemmatic’; (ii) the cultural shift towards more holistic, emotionally expressive, forms of health and embodiment; and (iii) the so-called ‘resacralization’ of social life and resurgence of emotions and ‘effervescent bodies’ at the turn of the century: developments which, it is suggested, hold out both positive and negative possibilities.
Quarantine and the imagining of the Australian nation
Authors: Bashford Alison
Published: July 2017

This article explores ways in which the technology of quarantine functioned in the imagining of Australia as a nation in the early 20th century. With the aim of historicizing scholarship on the formation of identities through boundary maintenance, this article explores that literal boundary which creates ‘clean’ and ‘dirty’ spaces and subjects, the quarantine line. Quarantine produced cultural ideas and effects of a pure national self, and a pathologized, contaminated and racialized other. That ‘whiteness’, ‘purity’ and ‘national hygiene’ which was actively sought in the early 20th century functioned through both public health and immigration regulations: the practice of quarantine was the point at which these came together. Quarantine assisted in the imagining of the new island-nation as an integrated whole, and in the imagining (and literal pursuit) of its ‘whiteness’.
Une question de writing?
Authors: Thomas Fiona
Published: July 2017

A research project commissioned by the Teacher Training Agency as part of the Teacher Research Grant Scheme 1996/97
Managing the Environment of the Stutterer
Authors: Bailey Alice Anne Gamble , Bailey Walter R.
Published: July 2017

Stuttering in children is found to be related to lack of language facility or articulatory proficiency, lack of harmony and/or lack of structure in the child's environment. The model presented emphasizes a goal-directed approach to energizing the resources available in the child's surroundings, i.e., the home and the school, in facilitating speech fluency. Principles and strategies are offered which relate to the two general goals involved with speech fluency and environmental management, respectively. Encouragement and respect, components of satisfactory self-esteem, are integrated into the strategies presented. An attempt has been made to provide principles on which the creative speech-language clinician may devise additional and caring strategies which may prove helpful to disfluent children.
Language-Based Therapies for the Young Child Stutterer
Authors: Wall Meryl J.
Published: July 2017

This paper explores the rationale for using language-based therapy for young stutterers. The ways in which knowledge of the structure of language and knowledge of language acquisition sequences may be used to facilitate fluency are discussed. Current therapies for young stutterers, those of Ryan and Van Kirk, Stocker, Gregory and Hill, and Wall and Myers, are described. Each of the therapies employs techniques requiring the manipulation of linguistic variables in order to increase the child's fluency.
Influences of Segregation and Desegregation on the Bands at Historically Black High Schools of Hillsborough County, Florida
Authors: Groulx Timothy J.
Published: July 2017

Much of the twentieth century was a turbulent time in the United States for African Americans. During this time of segregation on numerous legal and social levels, bands were becoming part of the culture of many schools across the nation. Despite great adversity, many successful band programs were established at black schools as a result of the efforts of pioneering music educators, often as a result of a deep and lasting commitment to the children of their home communities. This study is a narrative history that sheds light on the band programs at the black public high schools of Hillsborough County, Florida. The events that took place here may be similar to developments that occurred elsewhere throughout the country, especially those in the segregated south. This history examines the legacy of Michael “Prof” Rodriguez and other band directors, and the experience of being a student and a band member at schools like Blake High School and Middleton High School. Topics include the origins of these bands at the end of World War II through Brown v. Board of Education, through court-ordered desegregation and school closings, to reestablishing the high schools in a way that would honor their heritage but avoid re-segregation. While desegregation helped some problems related to equality of opportunity, it also created problems by taking away the pride and sense of community that was centered largely in the high schools.
Mainstreaming in American Music Education Journals (1960–1989)
Authors: Dunbar Laura L.
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore the reaction of the music education community to Section 504 and PL 94-142 regarding mainstreaming practices. A content analysis was conducted for the articles published between January 1, 1960, and December 31, 1989, in the Music Educators Journal (MEJ), Journal of Research in Music Education (JRME), and the Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education (Bulletin). Research questions regarding the number of articles published, the ratio of research to pedagogical articles, disabilities addressed within the articles, and the affiliations and geographic locations of the article authors guided the analysis. Pedagogical articles were separated from research articles for analysis purposes.

Based on the results of the analyses, the reaction to the legislation was one of enthusiasm for some while others had little or no reaction. Over a three-decade period (1960–1989), only forty-nine articles were published in the selected journals regarding mainstreaming in the music classroom. The articles were primarily pedagogical, with more than half of the articles published including information regarding various disabilities or Intellectual Disabilities specifically. A majority of the authors were affiliated with higher education institutions, with authors from Kansas producing the most articles by state. Implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Factors Impacting Sense of Belonging at a Hispanic-Serving Institution
Authors: Maestas Ricardo , Vaquera Gloria S. , Zehr Linda Muñoz
Published: July 2017

This study examines factors that impact students' sense of belonging at a Hispanic-serving institution. Findings indicate that various variables measuring academic and social integration as well as experiences with and perceptions of diversity have a positive impact on sense of belonging. Implications support the idea that campus diversity may improve sense of belonging and ultimately improve retention of all students. Implications and recommendations are discussed.
Research Considerations and Theoretical Application for Best Practices in Higher Education
Authors: Castellanos Jeanett , Gloria Alberta M.
Published: July 2017

This scholarly article addresses the Latina/o undergraduate experiences proposing a (re)definition of educational success. Discussing strength-based practices of familia, mentorship, cultural congruity, and professional development from a psychosociocultural (PSC) approach, the article presents practical recommendations and directions for university personnel. The authors centralize culture through use of common dichos and everyday examples to illustrate effective and Latina/o student-focused practices.

Resumen: Este artículo académico se ocupa de las experiencias de latinas/os de pregrado y propone una re-definición del éxito educacional. Se discuten prácticas de apoyo familiares, tutoría, congruencia cultural, y desarrollo profesional desde una perspectiva cultural y psicosocial (PSC). Se presentan además recomendaciones prácticas y direcciones para el personal universitario. Los autores materializan la cultura a través del uso de dichos comunes y ejemplos diarios para ilustrar prácticas efectivas enfocadas en estudiantes latinas/os.
Quadro malformativo complesso della giunzione cranio-cervicale in paziente con Sindrome di Down
Authors: Bonetti M. , Prandini F. , Gasparotti R. , Crispino M. , Brembilla R. , Battaglia S.
Published: July 2017

Nella Sindrome di Down sono di frequente riscontro malformazioni della giunzione cranio-cervicale.

Gli autori descrivono un raro caso, riscontrato accidentalmente, di malformazione complessa della cerniera studiata con TC ad alta risoluzione.
Buckling analysis of double-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in an elastic medium under axial compression using non-local Timoshenko beam theory
Authors: Mohammadimehr M , Saidi A R , Ghorbanpour Arani A , Arefmanesh A , Han Q
Published: July 2017

Using the non-local elasticity theory, Timoshenko beam model is developed to study the elastic buckling of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) embedded in an elastic medium under axial compression. The non-local effects in the normal and transverse shear stress components are considered. The effects of the surrounding elastic medium based on a Winkler model and van der Waals' (vdW) force between the inner and outer nanotubes are taken into account. Considering the small-scale effects, the governing equilibrium equations are derived and the critical buckling loads under axial compression are obtained. The numerical results are reported using the non-local Timoshenko beam theory and compared with those obtained using the non-local Euler—Bernoulli beam theory. The results show that the critical buckling load can be overestimated by the local beam model if the small-scale effect is overlooked for long nanotubes. Furthermore, in order to estimate the non-local critical buckling load of DWCNTs under axial compression, a simplified analysis is carried out and the results are compared with those obtained using molecular mechanics.
A Description of Nurse Practitioners' Practice in Occupational Health Settings
Authors: Atherton Roberta A. , LeGendre Susan T.
Published: July 2017

Two nurse practitioners surveyed a limited sample of nurse practitioners working in occupational health settings. The purpose of the study was to identify “common practice” which would serve as a basis for writing a functional job description for the nurse practitioners' role in these settings.
Occupational Health in Developing Countries and the Status of Occupational Health Nursing
Authors: Weill Susan
Published: July 2017

By virtue of international trade, communication, and transportation, events which occur in developing countries have a direct impact upon developed countries. Occupational health is especially effected by this interrelationship because of the large number and very rapid establishment of multinational businesses in developing countries. The speed with which these industries have multiplied has created a unique set of problems and an urgent demand for occupational health care. Occupational health nurses provide much of the direct care to workers in developing countries. Thus, there is an immediate need to study occupational health issues and the status of occupational health nursing in developing countries.
Quality grading system for tight sandstone reservoirs in the Quantou 4 Member, southern Songliao Basin, Northeast China
Authors: Huang Wenbiao , Lu Shuangfang , Osman Salad Hersi
Published: July 2017

A grading system for tight sandstone reservoir quality is needed to predict tight oil enrichment areas and assess the resources. To explore the establishment of the grading system, a variety of research methods, such as rate-controlled mercury injection, conventional mercury injection, contact angle measurement, and the mechanical equilibrium principle, are integrated to determine the upper and lower limits of the porosity, permeability, and pore-throat radius of tight sandstones and to establish a quality grading system. Based on the porosity [Formula: see text], permeability [Formula: see text], and pore-throat size [Formula: see text] properties of the studied samples from the [Formula: see text] Member, five sandstone classes have been identified. Three of these classes are tight sandstone reservoirs and include (1) high-quality tight sandstone reservoirs ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]), (2) effective tight sandstone reservoirs ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]), and (3) low-quality tight sandstone reservoirs ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]). Sandstones with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] parameters higher than the high-quality tight reservoirs are deemed to be conventional reservoirs, whereas those with parameters lower than the low-quality tight sandstone reservoirs are considered as nonreservoir sandstones. It is also noted that oil saturation of the tight sandstone reservoirs correlates positively with the throat radius rather than with the pore size. High-quality tight sandstone reservoirs are usually developed in the distributary channel sand bodies near faults and/or fractures, and they are capable of producing more petroleum.
Dose Titration Algorithm Tuning (DTAT) should supersede ‘the’ Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) in oncology dose-finding trials
Authors: Norris David C.
Published: July 2017

Background. Absent adaptive, individualized dose-finding in early-phase oncology trials, subsequent ‘confirmatory’ Phase III trials risk suboptimal dosing, with resulting loss of statistical power and reduced probability of technical success for the investigational therapy. While progress has been made toward explicitly adaptive dose-finding and quantitative modeling of dose-response relationships, most such work continues to be organized around a concept of ‘the’ maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate concretely how the aim of early-phase trials might be conceived, not as ‘dose-finding’, but as dose titration algorithm (DTA)-finding. Methods. A Phase I dosing study is simulated, for a notional cytotoxic chemotherapy drug, with neutropenia constituting the critical dose-limiting toxicity. The drug’s population pharmacokinetics and myelosuppression dynamics are simulated using published parameter estimates for docetaxel. The amenability of this model to linearization is explored empirically. The properties of a simple DTA targeting neutrophil nadir of 500 cells/mm 3 using a Newton-Raphson heuristic are explored through simulation in 25 simulated study subjects. Results. Individual-level myelosuppression dynamics in the simulation model approximately linearize under simple transformations of neutrophil concentration and drug dose. The simulated dose titration exhibits largely satisfactory convergence, with great variance in individualized optimal dosing. Some titration courses exhibit overshooting. Conclusions. The large inter-individual variability in simulated optimal dosing underscores the need to replace ‘the’ MTD with an individualized concept of MTDi . To illustrate this principle, the simplest possible DTA capable of realizing such a concept is demonstrated. Qualitative phenomena observed in this demonstration support discussion of the notion of tuning such algorithms. Although here illustrated specifically in relation to cytotoxic chemotherapy, the DTAT principle appears similarly applicable to Phase I studies of cancer immunotherapy and molecularly targeted agents.
DISTRIBUTION OF SULFATE WATER IN GRASBERG BLOCK CAVE (GBC) MINE, PAPUA, INDONESIA
Authors: Budiman Jaka Satria , Basten I Gde , Silaen Hendri , Ruthman Rahardian Ryan , Putra Fari Fathiardi , Sulaeman Kinkin
Published: July 2017

Grasberg Block Cave (GBC) underground mine, which is operated by PT Freeport Indonesia, located at High Land of Papua which has intensity of rainfall (average 4000 mm/year) and causing water inflow through the fractured rock, and flowing inside the underground mine. The water occurrence inside the underground mine could be in seepage form and water flow from diamond drilling hole. Water seepage inside underground mine contain many chemical compounds such as sulfate (SO42-). Sulfate has ability to cause acid water and sulfate attack, which can be a problem for ground support existing. Water from seepages of existing drift during development were collected and sent to laboratory to obtain detail chemical information. By correlating with geological data (formation and its content), distribution of water sulfate can be known. In the ore body of GBC, sulfate water content is higher than other lithologies. These data can be used for long term ground support planning in the future.AbstrakTambang bawah tanah Grasberg Block Cave (GBC) yang dioperasikan oleh PT Freeport Indonesia, berlokasi di dataran tinggi Papua mempunyai curah hujan yang tinggi (rata-rata 4000 mm/tahun) dan menyebabkan adanya aliran air melewati rekahan batuan dan mengalir menuju ke dalam tambang bawah tanah. Keberadaan air di dalam tambang bawah tanah dapat berupa rembesan dan aliran air yang mengalir dari dalam lubang pengeboran. Rembesan air di dalam tambang bawah tanah mengandung banyak senyawa kimia seperti senyawa yang memiliki sulfat (SO42-). Sulfat mempunyai kemampuan untuk menyebabkan air asam dan sulfate attack, yang notabene bisa menjadi masalah terhadap ground support yang ada. Air yang terdapat di terowongan tambang bawah tanah, diambil dan dikirim menuju laboratorium untuk mendapatkan informasi kimia secara rinci. Dengan melakukan korelasi terhadap data geologi (formasi dan kandungan mineralnya), distribusi dari air sulfat bisa diketahui. Di dalam tubuh bijih utama GBC, air mengandung sulfat lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan di area litologi lainnya. Data-data ini bisa digunakan untuk perencanaan pemasangan penyangga batuan di masa yang akan datang.
Caracterización y comparación de la actividad antibacteriana intrínseca del suero de búfalo y del suero de bovino
Authors: RAMÍREZ Eliana , AGUIRRE Soledad , PATRICELLI Paula , DELL'ELCE Antonella , FORMENTINI Enrique
Published: July 2017

La actividad antibacteriana de los sueros de bovino y de búfalo fue evaluada in vitro de manera indirecta con dos reacciones de inmunohemólisis: (i) un ensayo de hemólisis-hemoaglutinación sobre eritrocitos no sensibilizados de conejo y (ii) un ensayo de cinética de eritrocitos no sensibilizados de conejo frente a concentraciones crecientes de suero. La actividad bactericida de los sueros fue evaluada in vitro cuantificando la reducción de desarrollo de un inóculo de Escherichia coli en medio de cultivo enriquecido con suero de ambas especies. En el ensayo de hemólisis-hemoaglutinación, la hemólisis máxima se observó hasta la dilución 1:16 del suero de ambas especies.  El mayor porcentaje de hemólisis se obtuvo con el suero de búfalo (84,7 ± 9,71%) respecto del suero bovino (71,0 ± 5,05%). Sin embargo no se hallaron diferencias en las diluciones de suero necesarias para obtener el 50% de la hemólisis total, siendo estas de 10,2 ± 2,48 para el suero de bovinos y de 11,8 ±  2,18 para el suero de búfalo. El suero de búfalo redujo el desarrollo bacteriano en un 69,8% respecto del 47,2% obtenido por el suero de bovino. No obstante estos resultados, se necesitarán estudios adicionales para corroborar estos hallazgos in vivo..
John Witherspoon’s American Revolution
Authors: Fea John
Published: July 2017

Fea's review of Gideon Mailer's John Witherspoon’s American Revolution.
Destinations Past: Highland Beach
Authors: Geffken Rick
Published: July 2017

Geffken's review of Destinations Past: Highland Beach.
Comparison of combustion characteristics of Petcoke and Indian sub bituminous coal in a CFB Test facility
Authors: Jaygopal J , Palappan K. Ganesh , Rajavel M. , Guruchandran P. S. , Suresh S.
Published: July 2017

Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) is one of the best suited combustion technologies for petcoke combustion owing to its capability of handling fuels with low volatile and high sulphur content. In this study, petcoke and Indian sub bituminous coal (coal from Singareni mines, Telengana, India) are fired separately in Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) test facility and its combustion characteristics are studied and compared. Even though petcoke is a low reactive fuel compared to Indian coal, temperature profile shows petcoke has a stable combustion. Significant post combustion in cyclone is noticed while combusting petcoke. Around 40-60o C rise in the cyclone temperature is noted during combustion of petcoke compared to 20-30o C while burning sub bituminous coal. Compared to Indian sub bituminous coal petcoke has high sulphur content (4-9 %) and low ash content, therefore it requires limestone addition for in situ sulphur capture and for maintaining bed inventory. Owing to the limestone addition, petcoke firing shows a better material distribution among the splash zone. Although CFB boilers are fuel flexible, and petcoke can be fired in CFB boilers designed for Indian coals, test results show that combustion efficiency of petcoke is lower than that of Indian coal. Combustion efficiency can be improved by certain design modifications such as higher furnace height, higher cyclone efficiency and higher refractory zone. The present study explore the opportunities of using 100% petcoke in CFB boiler.