bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Järjestelylainaan Takuusäätiön takausta hakeneiden velkarakenteen muutos ajanjaksolla 2013–2018
Authors: Majamaa Karoliina , Lehtinen Anna-Riitta
Published: June 2024

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan järjestelylainaan Takuusäätiön takausta hakeneiden velkojen koostumusta, hakijarakennetta ja koettua velkaantumisen syytä ajanjaksolla 2013–18. Teoreettisena viitekehyksenä käytetään talousosaamista, joka kuvaa kuluttajien taloudellisia mahdollisuuksia ja käyttäytymistä tiedon ja taidon lisäksi. Talousosaamiseen liittyvä velkaantuminen oli yleisintä alle 30-vuotiailla, ja se oli miehillä naisia yleisempää suhteessa muihin velkaantumisen syihin. Takausta hakeneiden velat sisälsivät euromääräisesti aiempaa suurempia pikalainoja vuoden 2015 jälkeen, jolloin myös hyvätuloiset hakijat korostuivat talousosaamisen takia velkaantuneiden ryhmässä verrattuna niihin, jotka olivat velkaantuneet muista syistä. Kaupalliset järjestelyluotot ovat saattaneet osaltaan edistää tätä muutosta, ja saadut tulokset osoittavat, etteivät ne aina ratkaise velkaongelmaa, vaan ovat usein osa sitä. Liiallisen velkaantumisen ehkäisy vaatii kuluttajien talousosaamisen ja toimijuuden vahvistamisen lisäksi sääntelyä.
Sosiaalityön opiskelijoiden kokemuksia ammatillista oppimista tukevista tekijöistä käytännönopetusjaksoilla
Authors: Jokinen Arja , Kuusisto Katja , Törmälehto Erna , Metteri Anna , Korkiamäki Riikka
Published: June 2024

Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan sosiaalityön opiskelijoiden kokemuksia tekijöistä, jotka tukevat heidän ammatillista oppimistaan käytännönopetusjaksoilla. Aineisto on kerätty sähköisellä kyselylomakkeella, johon vastasi suomalaisen yliopiston sosiaalityön kandidaattiopintojen ja maisteriopintojen käytännönopetusjaksoilla 2019–2020 olleet opiskelijat. Analyysin kohteena ovat lomakkeen avovastaukset. Opintojen vaihe vaikutti keskeisesti oppimista tukeviin tekijöihin. Kandidaattivaiheessa tärkeinä pidettiin ohjaajalta saatua tukea ja käytännöllistä ohjausta sekä mahdollisuutta ohjaajan työn seuraamiseen ja tuettuun itsenäiseen tekemiseen. Maisteriopinnoissa painottui ohjaajan ammattitaito ja kokemus sekä ohjaajan lisäksi muun työyhteisön merkitys. Työtehtävien monipuolisuus sekä mahdollisuus keskittyä kokonaisuuksiin ja reflektoida työtä edistivät maisteriopiskelijoiden ammatillistaoppimista. Molemmat ryhmät nimesivät myös käytännölliset puitetekijät oppimisen kannalta tärkeiksi tekijöiksi. Sen sijaan käsitteellinen reflektio oppimisen edistäjänä nousi esiin vain harvoin.
Palvelujärjestelmien toiseutta tuottavat rakenteet huumeita käyttävien asiakkuudessa - Rakenteellisen sosiaalityön näkökulma
Authors: Karhunen Maria , Orjasniemi Tarja
Published: June 2024

Artikkeli tarkastelee huumeita käyttävien ihmisten kokemuksia toiseutta tuottavista rakenteista palvelujärjestelmissä rakenteellisen sosiaalityön viitekehyksessä. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu yhdeksästä suonenisisäisesti huumeita käyttävien tai käyttäneiden haastattelusta. Heidän kokemusten pohjalta esitetään toimenpide-ehdotuksia palveluiden kehittämiseksi. Toiseutta tuottavat  rakenteet konkretisoituvat sivuuttamisena, pallotteluna, poiskäännyttämisenä ja -jättäytymisenä, epäluottamuksena, leimautumisena, vastuuttamisena, salailuna sekä erilaisina sääntöinä, kategorioina ja olettamuksina. Nämä rakenteelliset epäkohdat liittyvät ammattilaisten yhteistyöhön, asiakaslähtöisyyteen, asiantuntemukseen ja palveluiden saatavuuteen. Keskeiseksi rakenteelliseksi epäkohdaksi nousee sekä palvelujärjestelmien että työntekijöiden yhteistyön puutteet.Tämä siitä huolimatta, että yhteistyön merkitys on tunnistettu ja siitä on runsaasti tutkittua tietoa. Huolimatta asiakaslähtöisyyden ideaalista, huumeita käyttävän arkiset kokemukset kohtaamisista kertovat muuta. Huumeiden käyttöä koskevan tiedon lisäksi asiakastyössä on tarpeen tiedostaa, mitä ja miten huumeidenkäyttäjistä puhutaan. Huomiota on kiinnitettävä erityisesti potilas- ja asiakastietomerkintöihin, koska niiden koetaan synnyttävän, vahvistavan ja ylläpitävän leimautumista. Palveluihin pääsyn esteenä on erityisesti mielenterveyshäiriöiden ja päihteiden käytön rinnakkaisuus sekä hoito- ja asumispalveluiden puute. Nämä rakenteelliset haasteet olisi hyvä huomioida hyvinvointialueiden palvelurakenteiden kehittämistyössä.
Tietojärjestelmien tarjoumat ja rajoitteet sosiaalityön dokumentoinnissa
Authors: Ylönen Katri
Published: June 2024

Dokumentointi on tärkeä osa sosiaalityötä. Usein sen onnistumista arvioidaan sosiaalityöntekijöiden osaamisen perusteella sen sijaan, että tarkasteltaisiin tietojärjestelmien tukea sen toteuttamiselle. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan tietojärjestelmien käyttöä sosiaalityön dokumentoinnin toteuttamisessa soveltaen tarjouman (affordance) käsitettä. Tietojärjestelmällä tarkoitetaan tässä artikkelissa työntekijän pääasiallisesti käyttämää asiakastietojärjestelmää. Tarjoumien tarkastelun avulla voidaan ymmärtää tietojärjestelmien dokumentointia mahdollistavia ja rajoittavia tekijöitä. Aineisto koostuu eri sosiaalihuollonpalveluissa toimivien sosiaalityöntekijöiden (n=19) haastatteluista, jotka analysoitiin teoriaohjaavalla sisällönanalyysilla. Tuloksissa ilmenee tietojärjestelmien merkityksellinen rooli sosiaalityössä,mutta samalla niiden lukuisat rajoitteet, jotka eivät mahdollista sujuvaa ja luotettavaa dokumentointia. Tulokset osoittavat, miten merkittävässä roolissa tietojärjestelmät ovat dokumentoinninonnistumisen kannalta, ja miten tärkeää niiden kehittämiseen on panostaa.
Проблемы перехода к расчетам в национальных валютах в рамках БРИКС и проект новой расчетной единицы uniclear-БРИКС-9
Authors: Пилипенко И.В.
Published: June 2024

В 2024 г. председательство в БРИКС перешло к Российской Федерации, поставившей во главу угла вопрос о создании независимой от западных стран финансовой инфраструктуры. В данной статье рассматриваются три основные проблемы при переходе стран БРИКС к расчетам в национальных валютах: повышенная волатильность курсов местных валют, их девальвации и разница в уровне инфляции стран БРИКС и разрозненность национальных и региональных платежно-расчетных систем. Для России проблему представляет также недостаток ликвидности на валютном рынке. В основе анализа лежат авторские расчеты волатильности 17 валютных пар пяти стран БРИКС и главных резервных валют, уровня инфляции в девяти странах – членах БРИКС в период с января 2010 г. по март 2024 г., а также прогресс в развитии платежно-расчетных систем, систем быстрых платежей и цифровых валют центральных банков. Предложен проект новой расчетной единицы uniclear-БРИКС-9 для использования в рамках механизма валютного клиринга, и представлены значения обменных курсов валют девяти государств за период 2000–2022 гг., которые приближены к паритету покупательной способности. Сформулированы рекомендации для преодоления указанных проблем при переходе к расчетам в национальных валютах и обозначены преимущества авторской методики по определению значений uniclear-БРИКС-9 и курсов местных валют.
Study of the Optical and Structural Properties of Metal-Doped Titanium Dioxide Electrode Prepared by the Sol-Gel Method for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Hamadalla Hadeel D. , Ali Falah H.
Published: June 2024

This study presents a strategy to increase the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by doping titanium dioxide (TiO2) with different magnesium (Mn) concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9%) generated by the sol-gel process and effectively employed as a photo-anode (the working electrode) for DSSCs. The Doctor Blade method coated the indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) glass with a thin film layer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to evaluate the characteristics of undoped and manganese-doped TiO2, and the results demonstrate that all of the thin films are anatase. The samples were examined using XRD to assess grain size before and after Mn doping. The spectrum of UV-Vis absorption changes; accordingly, as doping increases, the energy gap decreases. The smallest energy gap's value (2.4 eV) is 7% manganese doping. AFM pictures show the average roughness and root mean square of the weight percentage of films doped with 5%. Field effect scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) studies show that the particle size of thin films gets smaller as more Mn is added, which happens at least as much as 7% Mn doping. The optimal thickness for TiO2 paste over conductive glass is 15 μm, and the cell's power conversion efficiency increased to 0.604074% with an Imax of 4.965 mA, a Vmax of 0.488 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 68.45954%.
Effect of Metal Oxides Nanoparticles on the Optical Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride)/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Blends Electrolytes Plasticized with Glycerol
Authors: Hasson Russul Alaa , Hasan Ahmad Abbas
Published: June 2024

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are beginning to use solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) as a potentially useful replacement for liquid electrolytes. However, incompatibility between the lithium metal anode and electrolyte, which results in low ionic conductivity and reduced cycling performance of LIBs, is one of the disadvantages of SPEs. Solution casting with glycerol as a plasticizer was used to create electrolyte films consisting of 80% Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and 20% poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), undoped and doped with various salts, including lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and lithium chloride (LiCl) and various metal oxides (CuO, WO3, and TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs). An investigation was conducted to examine their impact on optical properties. The prepared SPEs were characterized by UV-visible and Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the type of salt and doping greatly affected the energy gap. The energy showed a blue shift after the addition of lithium carbonate, while it showed a red shift after doping with metal oxides (WO3 and TiO2) NPs; the minimum energy gap was 1.6 eV obtained from SPE (PVC/PVDF/Li2CO3) doped with TiO2 NPs, while the energy gap showed red shift after adding LiCl. It changed non-regularly after doping with metal oxide NPs, reaching the lowest value of 1.8 eV for samples doped with WO3 NPs. All optical constants were determined, and a graph of their values vs. wavelength was created. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of metal oxide NPs.
PENYULUHAN HUKUM TENTANG PEMAHAMAN HUKUM KETENAGAKERJAAN BAGI SISWA DI SMKN 7 PALU
Authors: Asri Lasatu  , Irzha Friskanov. S
Published: June 2024

The employment relationship relates to the parties to the employment agreement. Students who will soon complete their upper secondary studies will prepare themselves to enter the world of work. An understanding of the rights and obligations that students must know when entering the world of work. So the problem is how to increase the understanding of employment for secondary students. This service activity provides education to high school students about the importance of knowledge and understanding in labor law, both from the essence of work relations to termination of employment. The location of the service will be carried out at SMKN 7 Palu using the lecture and discussion method. The conclusion is that students still lack knowledge about the rights and obligations of work. The enthusiasm of the students was seen when the students questioned the legal protection for child workers.
PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN DENGAN VIDEO EDUKASI PADA PASIEN PRA-PEMBEDAHAN DALAM MENGURANGI KECEMASAN DAN MENINGKATKAN KEPUASAN PASIEN
Authors: Ana Anggraini Novita , Jatmiko Agus , Hakim Andi Lukman , Hadi Suprayetno Eko Dian , Listyawan Haris , Sulistiono Priyo
Published: June 2024

Pembedahan sebagai intervensi penyembuhan memiliki dampak negatif pada aspek psikologis dan stres situasional pasien. Kecemasan prapembedahan muncul karena kurangnya pengetahuan tentang prosedur pembedahan. Solusi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan pasien dan mencegah kecemasan adalah pendidikan kesehatan melalui video edukatif, yang memberikan visualisasi yang baik dan menciptakan suasana positif. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah mengurangi kecemasan dan meningkatkan kepuasan pasien dengan menerapkan pendidikan kesehatan melalui video edukasi di RSUD Gambiran Kota Kediri. Metode Fishbone digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi masalah, sedangkan Metode USG dan analisis SWOT digunakan untuk menentukan prioritas dan perencanaan. Hasil residensi menunjukkan bahwa dalam pengkajian didapatkan penerapan pendidikan kesehatan prapembedahan belum optimal, kemudian direncanakan dan diimplementasikan pengembangan sistem pendidikan kesehatan berbasis Audio Visual dan hasil evaluasi terjadi penurunan kecemasan dan peningkatan kepuasan pasien. Implementasi pendidikan kesehatan prapembedahan dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis audio visual (video edukatif) telah memberikan dampak positif terhadap kemudahan implementasi dan penurunan kecemasan pasien dan peningkatan kepuasan pasien.
Sexual Constitution and Sexual Biography
Authors: Kocharyan Garnik
Published: June 2024

Sexual constitution is one of the main factors that determines the severity of sexual desire. According to the definition of G. S. Vasilchenko (1977), “... the sexual constitution is a set of stable biological properties which are formed under the influence of hereditary factors and developmental conditions in the prenatal period and the period of early ontogenesis. Sexual constitution limits the range of individual needs at a certain level of sexual activity and characterizes individual resistance to pathogenic factors, which are characterized by selectivity to the sexual sphere”.
The concept of “sexual constitution” has gained considerable popularity in specialized literature. To determine the sexual constitution of men, G. S. Vasilchenko developed and tested for the first time a scale for its vector definition, which takes into account seven indicators, namely: I vector – age of sexual libido awakening, II vector – age of first ejaculation, III vector – trochanteric index, IV vector – pattern of hair growth pubic area, V vector – maximum excess, VI vector – time between marriage and entry into the zone of conditional physiological rhythm (CPR), which is equal to two to three sexual acts per week, VII vector – the age of the man at which he switched to CPR.
The first four vectors (I–IV) are closely related to the human genotype. They are used to determine the genotypic index of sexual constitution – Kg, which is the arithmetic mean of these vectors. V-VII vectors are used to determine the constitutionally modeled index of sexual activity (Ka). The arithmetic average of all seven vectors (I–VII) is called the phenotypic index of sexual constitution (Kf).
After determining the values of all sexual constitution vectors, the Ka/Kg index is also determined, which makes possible to find how much a man’s sexual activity corresponds to his constitutional capabilities. Thus, this indicator in the group of persons “conditional norm” was 1.18.
The article presents data on the female sexual constitution and the scale of its vector definition, which was developed and tested by I. L. Botneva (1983).
Recommendations for determining the sexual constitution of a person are offered. In addition, the article provides clinical observations of the author, which testify to the influence of sexual biography on sexual activity in order to take it into account when determining this constitution.
Подземные коммуникации в теневой торговле Австрии, Венгрии и Чехословакии в эпоху холодной войны в 1950–1989 гг.: аспекты восприятия проблемы в слоях населения государств
Authors: Шеврифович Душица
Published: June 2024

The article outlines the peculiarities of the influence of underground communications in Austria, Hungary and Slovakia on the development of the shadow economy of the European sub-region, which determined the characteristics of the historical psychology of the ethnic groups of these states involved in the industry, with an assessment of the role of Western intelligence services, which had their own interests in concealing information about this communication channel and trade route during the Cold War.
Begriff: Pädagogische Professionalität – mehrebenentheoretische Perspektiven
Authors: Helsper Werner
Published: June 2024

Concept: Pedagogical Professionalism – Multi-level Theoretical Perspectives

This article firstly presents general conceptual definitions of professional action, professionalism and professionalization and secondly the specifics of pedagogical professionalism. Thirdly – as an outlook – the thesis is developed that a theory of pedagogical professionalism requires a multi-level approach and the challenges for a verbalization of such a theory are outlined.
Theorie für die Praxis oder Praxis für die Theorie?
Authors: Ellinger Stephan
Published: June 2024

Theory For Practice Or Practice For Theory? On A Controversial Relationship

The article analyzes the tension between theory and practice from three perspectives. First, it describes the mechanisms that lead to the devaluation of theory and the development of arbitrariness in pedagogical fields of action. The second perspective makes it clear that pedagogy, in its specific capacity as a practical science, is necessarily constituted by practice and theory at the same time and, thirdly, it becomes diachronically recognizable that university pedagogy is initially not recognized as an independent science and is later occupied, significantly shaped and changed in its orientation by representatives of neighbouring disciplines.
Analysis Of Microbiological Quality in Community-Based SPAM (Drinking Water Supply Systems) in The City Of Blitar Based On A Monitoring System
Authors: Yuniana Amalia Hayati  , Ukik Agustina
Published: June 2024

Water is a natural resource that has a very important function for human life. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of monitoring on the microbiological quality of community-based SPAM (Drinking Water Supply System) in Blitar City. The design of this research is quantitative observational research with a cross sectional approach with the focus of the research directed at analyzing the effect of supervision on microbiological quality in community-based SPAM (Drinking Water Supply Systems) in Blitar City. The total population was 22 respondents and the sample was 21 respondents taken using the Simple Random Sampling technique. The findings showed that the majority of respondents had less supervision in the category of 18 respondents (86%). Apart from that, the majority of community-based SPAM (drinking water supply systems) have microbiological quality in the category of not meeting the requirements, as many as 18 respondents (86%). Based on the results of the Logistic Regression analysis, it shows that the p-value is 0.000 < 0.05, so H1 is accepted so it is concluded that there is an influence of supervision on the microbiological quality of community-based SPAM (Drinking Water Supply System) in Blitar City. It is hoped that respondents will improve supervision to be even better in accordance with applicable regulations in order to ensure the quality of existing SPAM drinking water is suitable for consumption.
Analysis Of Service Quality On Internal Disease Poly Patients' Interest In Returning Patients At Gambiran Hospital, Kediri City
Authors: Mochamad Ridwan  , Panca Radono  , Titin Susanti  , Endra Widiyanto
Published: June 2024

Background. Quality service provides satisfaction to customers, which ultimately results in customers making repeat use/interest in repeat visits and recommending the health service to others. Quality health services include five dimensions of quality, namely tangible (physical evidence), reliability (reliability), responsiveness (responsiveness), assurance (guarantee) and empathy (empathy). The aim of the research is to analyze the quality of service on the interest in repeat visits of internal medicine polyclinic patients at Gambiran Regional Hospital, Kediri City. Research methods. Quantitative research uses a cross-sectional approach (cross sectional study). The population in the study were all new internal medicine patients who visited the Gambiran Regional Hospital, Kediri City with a sample of 105 respondents. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling technique. The independent variable is service quality (tangible (physical evidence), reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy) and the dependent variable is interest in repeat visits. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and were analyzed using chi-square. Research result. The chi square test results for the dimension of physical evidence (tangible) are PR=2.221, 95%CI =1.078-4.533, p-value = 0.037 and the dimension of reliability (reliability) is PR=5.903, 95%CI =2.207-15.785, p-value = 0.037, which means that there is a relationship between physical evidence (tangible) and reliability (reliability) with the interest in revisiting internal medicine polyclinic patients at Gambiran Regional Hospital, Kediri City. The dimensions of responsiveness (responsiveness), assurance (assurance) and empathy (empathy) have no relationship with interest in revisiting internal medicine polyclinic patients at Gambiran Regional Hospital, Kediri City (p-value ≥ 0.05). Conclusion. There is a relationship between the quality of service in the tangible dimension (physical evidence) and reliability (reliability) on the interest in repeat visits of internal medicine polyclinic patients at Gambiran Regional Hospital, Kediri City. Therefore, there is a need for synergy among one work unit to increase interest in repeat visits.
Comparative Analysis Of The Level Of Knowledge Of Choosing Acne Skin Care Products On Beauty Students With Culinary Students
Authors: Allif Rizkia Amelita Putri  , Agustin Eny Widhia  , Achmadi Tofan Ali  , Krisnawati Maria
Published: June 2024

Beauty problems are problems that are never discussed, one of which is acne, a skin problem that is often faced, especially by teenagers. Facial skin care is really needed to help overcome acne, ingredients that can overcome acne problems such as Glycolic acid, Salicylic Acid, Benzoyl Peroxide, and also Tea tree oil with its various different benefits. The aim of this research is to find out whether there is a comparison in the level of knowledge in choosing products for acne-prone skin between beauty and culinary students. The sample in this study used a purposive sampling method with the criteria of students experiencing acne skin problems. The results of the research show that the level of knowledge of students majoring in beauty and culinary is 71.89 and 63.39 respectively, this shows that students majoring in beauty have a higher level of knowledge about acne facial care than culinary majors in the sufficient category. The choice of products between students majoring in beauty and culinary was 48.85 and 41.47 respectively, this shows that students majoring in beauty products in choosing products for acne-prone skin were higher than culinary majors in the category of less in choosing products for acne-prone skin. . Then a comparison of the level of knowledge in choosing products for acne-prone skin between students majoring in Beauty and students majoring in Culinary with results of 70.43 and 60.75 respectively, this shows that students majoring in beauty are higher than students majoring in Culinary in the sufficient category. It can be concluded that students majoring in beauty and culinary are still quite lacking in choosing products for acne-prone skin which results in many students still having acne, even though when compared the level of knowledge of students majoring in beauty is slightly higher than students majoring in culinary beauty.
Effect Of Murottal Al-Quran Letter Asy-Syu'ara Therapy On Blood Pressure In Hypertension Patients
Authors: Mohammaad Shiddiqsuryadi  , Mukhlish Hidayat Mukhlish Hidayat , Husnul Mubarokal Muwanni Husnul Mubarokal Muwanni , Siti Nur Hasina Siti Nur Hasina
Published: June 2024

Hypertension is a major public health problem. There are two ways to treat high blood pressure: drug therapy and non-drug therapy. Treatment includes the use of antihypertensive drugs that have been shown to lower blood pressure. Meanwhile, non-drug treatments for high blood pressure include Murotal Al-Quran. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of mulottal therapy verses 1 to 97 of Surah Asi-Shuara Al-Quran on the blood pressure of hypertensive patients in Poshandu in the Banyuanyar Community Health Center area. The research design used was a one group pre-post test design using a simple random sampling technique. The intervention took the form of offering Mulottar Al-Quran Surah Asi Shuara verses 1 to 97 for 15 minutes for three consecutive days. The total sample consisted of 41 hypertensive patients. The results of the Wilcoxon sign-rank test between pre and post test blood pressure in the Banyuan Yar Community Health Center work area showed = 0.002 and the comparative significance value = 0.05. Statistics = 0.002 < 0.05. The trial results showed that Murotar Al-Quran Surah As Shuara Therapy was effective on the blood pressure of elderly hypertensive patients in Poshandu in the Banyuanyar Community Health Center working area.
 In conclusion, Murottar Therapy according to the Al-Quran Surah Asi Shuara has been proven to be effective in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The suggestion is that hypertensive patients can use Al-Quran Surah Asi Shuara mulottal therapy to lower their blood pressure.
Dynamics of Indonesia's Population Regulation in the Child Identity Card Policy
Authors: Hermanto Bagus , Yusa I Gede
Published: June 2024

In terms of the concept of the State which has constitutive and declarative elements, of course, citizens and residents in the context of the people who inhabit the territory of the State include constitutive elements that absolutely must be fulfilled by the State, in terms of having been discussed in depth relating to the concepts of Citizens, Residents, Citizenship and Population in the theoretical review and juridical review of legislation. In addition, there are studies that show national laws and regulations that do not prioritize “equalization” of perceptions in the context of child age limits, which indirectly correlate to discrimination and even violations of children's rights, especially regarding aspects of norm clarity that cause legal uncertainty in the context of differences in the formulation of age limits from the perspective of one legislative regulation to another. This needs to be researched through this paper based on normative juridical research methods supported by statutory, conceptual, and legal fact approaches, with literature studies and analytical juridical analysis.
Analisis Hak dan Kewajiban Konsumen Penerbangan: Strategi Peningkatan Kepatuhan Hukum Penumpang terhadap Syarat dan Ketentuan Penerbangan
Authors: Anugrah Dikha
Published: June 2024

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hak dan kewajiban konsumen dalam industri penerbangan secara menyeluruh dan mendalam dengan fokus pada identifikasi strategi yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan penumpang terhadap syarat dan ketentuan yang ditetapkan oleh maskapai penerbangan dan regulasi penerbangan. Melalui analisis yang mendalam terhadap literatur, regulasi penerbangan, serta studi kasus, penelitian ini menyajikan pemahaman yang komprehensif tentang kompleksitas hubungan antara penumpang dan maskapai penerbangan dalam konteks hak dan kewajiban mereka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa syarat dan ketentuan penerbangan memainkan peran krusial dalam menciptakan lingkungan perjalanan yang aman dan teratur. Selain itu, strategi-strategi seperti peningkatan edukasi dan sosialisasi, penegakan hukum yang tegas, peningkatan kualitas layanan, pengembangan teknologi informasi, dan kerjasama antara semua pemangku kepentingan diidentifikasi sebagai langkah-langkah penting untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan penumpang. Implikasi dari temuan ini memberikan landasan bagi pengembangan kebijakan dan praktik terbaik dalam industri penerbangan untuk meningkatkan pengalaman perjalanan udara yang lebih aman, nyaman, dan memuaskan bagi semua pihak yang terlibat.
Juridical Analysis of The Formation of Government Regulation Number 26 of 2023 Concerning Management of Sedimentation Products in the Sea
Authors: Kurnia Kana
Published: June 2024

This research was motivated by the enactment of Government Regulation (PP) Number 26 of 2023 concerning Management of Marine Sedimentation Products where when the PP came into force, its implementation was considered fragile because it did not refer to higher statutory regulations such as Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning Formation of Legislative Regulations (UU No. 12/2011), where many coastal communities were not asked for consideration during the process of drafting the PP. This research aims to find out and analyze first, the formation of Government Regulation Number 26 of 2023 concerning Management of Sedimentation Products in the Sea according to Law No.12/2011. Second, Indonesia's maritime territorial boundaries need to be considered considering the results of sedimentation across national borders. This research uses normative legal research methods with a regulatory and contextual approach. The research results concluded that, first, based on Law no. 12/2011 only fulfills some of the principles of the formation of statutory regulations and does not fulfill meaningful community participation because affected communities were not involved at all in the formation of PP No. 26/2023. Second, Singapore cannot claim the area resulting from the reclamation that it has carried out because based on Article 60 paragraph (8) UNCLOS 1982, artificial islands, installations and buildings do not have island status, so they do not have their own sea area, and even their existence does not affect the boundaries, territorial sea, exclusive economic zone or continental shelf.
Pernikahan Dini dalam Tinjauan Hukum Islam dan Dampaknya
Authors: Nur Rofiq  , Aida Nurul Hidayah  , Dimas Arif Saputra  , Rena Putri Ramadhani  , Syafira Nurul 'aini  , Muhammad Kevin Ardhiyaka  , Nayna Nikmatul Hasanah  , Nurul Tri Inayah  , Muhammad Yusuf Arda Bily
Published: June 2024

Perkawinan dini merupakan suatu fenomena yang sering terjadi di banyak negara, termasuk Indonesia. Berdasarkan data UNICEF tahun 2023 Indonesia menempati peringkat empat dalam perkawinan anak global sejumlah 25,53 juta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perkawinan dini dan dampaknya terhadap individu, keluarga dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini untuk menjawab bagaimana hukum perkawinan dini dalam hukum Islam dan dampaknya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menurut Hukum Islam perkawinan tidak mensyaratkan batasan minimal calon usia mempelai laki-laki dan perempuan, namun lebih menganjurkan usia sudah baligh yang bertujuan supaya kedua calon mempelai siap dalam pembebanan hukum Islam. Dampak perkawinan dini antara lain; potensi kanker leher rahim, kematian ibu atau anak, neuritis depresi, konflik dalam keluarga, kurangnya pengetahuan dan pelatihan rumah tangga, kurang cukupnya ilmu untuk mendidik dan mengajari anak dan kebutuhan ekonomi yang kurang memadai. Di samping itu ada beberapa dampak lain, antara lain; masalah kesehatan mental, memicu tekanan sosial, mengalami kecanduan, peningkatan resiko infeksi menular, resiko KDRT dan resiko tingkat ekonomi rendah. Kesimpulannya, perkawinan dini merupakan masalah serius yang mempengaruhi perkembangan dan kesejahteraan remaja di Indonesia. Diperlukan kerjasama antara peran pemerintah, masyarakat, dan lembaga terkait untuk mengatasi masalah ini melalui pendekatan preventif, edukatif, dan rehabilitatif.
Impact of the long-term hydroxychloroquine use on COVID-19 severity in patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease
Authors: Kayacan Erdoğan Esra , Apaydın Hakan , Karakaş Özlem , Özdemir Bahar , Armağan Berkan , Küçükşahin Orhan
Published: June 2024

Background-Aim: After the numerous studies, the clinical effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) against SARS-CoV-2 is now accepted limited. Besides this, HCQ has still been the first option in most rheumatology practices. To evaluate the frequency, severity and complication of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune rheumatologic disease (ARD) receiving and not receiving long-term HCQ.
Methods: A total of 309 ARD patients were retrospectively evaluated for COVID-19 disease with a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and IgM/IgG antibody.Patients were grouped as HCQ or non-HCQ groups. COVID-19 clinical symptoms development of viral pneumonia, rates of hospitalization, mortality due to COVID-19 and time from initial symptom to viral pneumonia, clinical recovery and RT-PCR negativity were evaluated.
Results: During the 13 month study period, 54 (17.4%) were diagnosed with COVID-19, the frequency of COVID-19 was similar between the HCQ (17.9%) and non-HCQ groups (16.7%), p=0.793. The frequency of the myalgia, arthralgia and sore throat were higher in the non-HCQ group, the frequency of other clinical signs and symptoms were higher in the HCQ group but none of them reached statistical significance. In all patients, viral pneumonia was diagnosed in 9 (16.7%), requiring hospitalization in 8 (14.8%), requiring oxygen therapy in 4 (7.4 %) patients and these severe COVID-19 clinical features were similar between groups. COVID-19 complications were seen in 2 patients, 1 of whom was mortality due to ARDS and one was supraventricular tachycardia but thromboembolism or rheumatologic disease activation were not observed.
Conclusions: As with the frequency of COVID-19, severity of COVID19 were similar between patients with and without long-term HCQ use in ARD. COVID 19 complications were found to be rare in our study.
Comity or Confrontation: Budgeting Independence of the American Judiciary
Authors: Apperson Justin
Published: June 2024

While many American court systems have constitutional funding protections judicial salaries, the judiciary in the position of bargaining for funding for staff, services, technology, facilities, supplies, and other goods to adequately fund the constitutional mission of adjudication. Courts have looked to two principal strategies in securing funding. First, courts have tried to improve the relationship with the other branches through long-term connections and demonstrations of sound judicial governance. Courts have sought to improve their strategic planning, incorporating novel uses of data including performance measures, with the collateral hope of enhancing budget justifications. Courts have also tested political strategies for self-advocacy, including elevating judicial officers as spokespersons for the judicial branch, mobilizing stakeholders, and lobbying key officials. Second, courts have invoked the inherent powers of the judiciary as a separate and co-equal branch to compel funding that is reasonably necessary to administration of justice. Judicial leaders have typically disfavored this technique, which presents its own risks of trespassing on legislative power and impairing longer-term strategies for building bridges and understanding between the branches, except in patterns of legislative neglect or hostility towards judicial independence.
Early Signs of Swamp Building Collapse: Failure of Wood Pillar Foundation
Authors: Agusniansyah Nursyarif
Published: June 2024

The construction of a house with a stage structure is the uniqueness of Banjarmasin's swampland. Particularly, foundations for swampy terrain necessitate special handling. Building material defects and the basic inability to modify the use and design of wood pillar foundations are the main causes of house building problems. The very limited capacity of a wooden pillar foundation makes house buildings collapse frequently. The aim of the study is to determine the weaknesses of the wooden pillar foundations by examining the indications of damage to the house structure. Field observation investigations, including housing and individual object observations, will be carried out at multiple construction sites in Banjarmasin (Indonesia) as part of this study. The way the data is presented is descriptive. A wooden pillar foundation, which is a frequently used foundation, has a limited load bearing capacity. Because that, there has been no related research that addresses the issue of how this foundation damage. The aim of the study is to determine the early signs of swamp building collapse in the wooden pillar foundations weaknesses by examining the indications of damage to the house structure. The weak construction of a wooden pillar foundation explains some indications of house building damage, such as broken wooden pillars and floor settlement. The existence of evidence that there is a broken 'sunduk’ element is one of the causes of damage to this foundation.
Explainability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Providing Cybersecurity Advice
Authors: Okutu Keisuke , Yumetoshi Hakura
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence has transformed various domains, including cybersecurity, by introducing models capable of understanding and generating human language. The novel approach of leveraging these models to provide cybersecurity advice offers significant potential yet raises concerns about their explainability and reliability. This research systematically investigates the ability of advanced language models to distinguish between defensive and offensive cybersecurity advice, examines the impact of excessive caution and political correctness on the quality of their recommendations, and provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating their performance. The findings highlight the strengths and limitations of current models, emphasizing the need for improved interpretability and practical utility in AI-driven cybersecurity solutions. By proposing specific recommendations and enhancements, the study aims to advance the development of more transparent, reliable, and effective cybersecurity tools.
Integrated enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (I-CBTE) for the treatment of severe and long-standing eating disorders (SEED). Paper 1: I am no longer a SEED patient
Authors: Collins Lorna
Published: June 2024

This autobiographical paper recounts the harrowing yet inspiring journey of Lorna Collins, a survivor of severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN). Her story begins with a traumatic brain injury at the age of 18, leading to a complex eating disorder that persisted for over two decades. Despite over 30 hospital admissions and various treatment modalities, her condition only worsened, compounded by other mental health challenges. The paper vividly describes these multifaceted struggles, including mistreatment in healthcare, self-harm, and near-death experiences. However, it ultimately culminates in an uplifting story of resilience and recovery, highlighting the pivotal role of integrated cognitive behaviour therapy, artistic expression, and a renewed connection with her family. Collins’ account is not only a personal testimony but also offers critical insights into the shortcomings of traditional eating disorder treatments and the importance of personalised, holistic approaches in mental health care. Lorna’s story brings hope, challenges the concept of SEED and forms part of a growing evidence-base that recovery is possible irrespective of duration or eating disorder severity.
Reward and feedback processing in voluntary task-switching: joint evidence from pupillometry and EEG
Authors: Balcazar Juan , Orr Joseph M
Published: June 2024

Cognitive flexibility has been shown to be heavily influenced by sequential changes in the amount of reward available. When available reward remains constant, participants favor stability and are more likely to repeat tasks; when available reward changes, they favor flexibility and are more likely to switch tasks. However, past work in this area hasn’t considered what happens when the available reward is not received, e.g., when responses are too slow to receive performance-contingent rewards. If participants are mainly influenced by dynamics in available rewards (rather than outcomes), such outcomes may not affect their behavior. Alternatively, the failure to receive an anticipated reward may be treated as an aversive signal, biasing participants to shift away from the previous task. In the current study, we used EEG and pupillometry to examine the neural response during reward cues and feedback to dissociate these two possibilities. Behaviorally, we found that participants switch more after failing to receive a high reward due to a slow response than after receiving a high reward. Neurally, we found increased pupil dilation and theta power in response to slow response feedback compared to low reward feedback. Taken together, these results suggest that receiving feedback that the response was too slow increases arousal and shifts behavior to favor flexibility.
Optimizing fracture management: The role of the Ellis plate in distal radius fractures
Authors: Banna Kiran Kumar , Minumala Srikanth , Kannan Dinesh , Badam Swikrutha , Seela Lakshminarayana
Published: June 2024

Background: Fractures at the distal end of the radius, a prevalent orthopedic concern, challenge clinicians due to their complex nature and the diverse patient demographics they affect. Primary stability is key, especially in cases involving osteoporotic bones or younger patients. The Ellis plate with a locking screw mechanism offers a promising solution to achieve this stability, potentially preventing secondary displacement regardless of bone quality.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to rigorously assess the effectiveness of the Ellis volar locking compression plate in treating distal end radius fractures. It focuses on evaluating functional outcomes post-treatment, providing insights into the efficacy of this approach.
Materials and Methods: This study evaluated the efficacy of the Ellis plate in managing distal radius fractures, under ethical approval number KMC/IEC/Ortho/2021-5. Twenty adult patients with unstable fractures were included based on specific criteria and provided informed consent. Exclusion criteria included unwillingness for surgery, medical unsuitability, osteoporosis, minors, and compound fractures with vascular injury. Surgical outcomes were assessed using the Gartland and Werley scoring system, with follow-up appointments scheduled over 1 year to monitor progress and adherence to physiotherapy plans.
Results: The study encompassed 20 patients, with a gender distribution of 12 males and eight females and an average age of 43.3 years. Utilizing the Gartland and Werley demerit grading system, the study reported 45% superb outcomes, another 45% good outcomes, 10% fair outcomes, and no poor outcomes. This distribution highlights the potential of the Ellis plate technique in achieving positive results in fracture treatment.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the Ellis plate technique is a viable and effective option for stabilizing distal end radius fractures. However, achieving the best possible outcomes depends on several factors, including strict adherence to AO principles, maintaining high standards of aseptic practice, following appropriate post-operative rehabilitation protocols, and ensuring comprehensive patient education. This multifaceted approach is crucial for the successful treatment of these fractures.
A comprehensive guide to pulmonary function tests for 1st-year medical students – Simplifying PFTS and their interpretation
Authors: Bashir Mudasir , Garg Neeru , Muzaffar Maha , Nyiem Mahpara , Jaan Iram , Nida Nowreen
Published: June 2024

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) constitute a set of non-invasive diagnostic procedures designed to evaluate the functional capabilities of the respiratory system. These tests hold pivotal significance in the identification, tracking, and treatment of diverse respiratory conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung diseases, and restrictive lung disorders. This review article aims to provide medical students with a comprehensive overview of PFTs and their interpretation, offering valuable insights into their crucial role in the diagnosis and management of respiratory ailments.
Cytohistopathological evaluation of salivary gland lesions in tertiary care center of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Karki Diksha , Adhikari Purbesh , Dahal Mona
Published: June 2024

Background: Salivary gland tumors consist of a group of heterogeneous lesion with complex clinicopathological characteristics. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology has been used as a quick, non-invasive diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesion of salivary gland.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to perform the cytopathological evaluation of minor and major salivary gland lesions (neoplastic and non-neoplastic) in terms of its various types, frequency, site, demographic distribution and to correlate with histopathology findings whenever available.
Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based 3-year study in which 155 cases of patient underwent FNA cytology for salivary gland swelling (non-neoplastic and neoplastic) of which seven cases were excluded due to scant and inadequate aspirate, and thus, only 148 cases were included in this study and histopathological correlation was available in 42 cases. Any metastatic lesion, repeat samples from same patient were excluded from the study.
Results: Out of 148 cases, male patients were 72 (49%) and female patients were 76 (51%) with M: F ratio of 0.9:1. Benign lesion was commonly seen in 31–40 years, non-neoplastic lesion at 41–60 years (n=18, 37.6%), and malignant lesions at 61–90 years (n=9, 37.5%). Parotid was the most common salivary gland involved by neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesion accounting 65.5% (n=97) followed by submandibular gland 29.7% (n=34). Pleomorphic adenoma was most frequently diagnosed among all salivary gland lesions (60%). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma outnumbered the category (14%) of malignant salivary gland lesion. On histopathology correlation, 33 cases were correctly diagnosed in cytopathology whereas 9 cases showed discordant result. FNA cytology sensitivity was 66.6%, specificity was 93.3%, positive predictive value was 80.0%, and negative predictive value was 87.5%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy was found to be 85.7%.
Conclusion: Cytopathology examination of salivary gland can be used as safe and reliable method in primary diagnosis of lesions of salivary gland.
Cross-sectional study of the prevalence of inter-arm blood pressure difference in offspring of normotensive and hypertensive parents among students of tertiary care teaching hospital, Hyderabad
Authors: Prashanthi M  , Santa Kumari A  , Abdul Raoof Omer Siddiqui  , Mudassir Mirza
Published: June 2024

Background: Hypertension (HTN) incidence and progression are monitored by regular blood pressure (BP) measurement; one of the most ignored components of regular check-up is the measurement of inter-arm difference (IAD) in BP.
Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of IAD in BP among offspring of hypertensive parents compared to normotensive parents.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 male students at Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana for a period of 6 months. After IEC clearance, the subjects were divided into two groups, 50 students in each group: Group I had offspring with hypertensive parents and Group II had offspring with normotensive parents. Age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. IAD was calculated as the difference between BP (Systolic BP [SBP] and diastolic BP [DBP]) in the right arm and left arm. Subjects with a history of structural, functional cardiovascular disease disorders, endocrine disorders, Diabetes mellitus, and addictions such as smoking and alcohol were excluded from the study. Data were statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel software.
Results: Among 100 subjects, Group I and II IAD in SBP was 8.68±6.02 and 5.00±3.24 (P<0.0002), respectively, and Group I and II IAD in DBP was 5.12±4.48 4.79±3.56 (P<0.7117), respectively. BMI of the two groups is almost within the similar range (23.44±4.04, 22.098±3.15, respectively) and not statistically significant (P=0.0694), a positive correlation of 0.12, 011 was found between BMI, systolic IAD,and diastolic IAD, respectively.
Conclusion: The above results show a significant association between IAD in systolic BP and family history of HTN.