bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antitranspirants to Size Peaches and Replace Preharvest Irrigation1
Authors: Davenport D. C. , Uriu K. , Hagan R. M.
Published: September 2022

A firm-forming antitranspirant sprayed on trees of ‘Halford’ and ‘Vivian’ cling peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] 1-2 weeks before harvest, increased fruit growth and substituted for a preharvest irrigation. Such replacement of the final irrigation can enable timely entry of harvest equipment to the orchard, unhampered by a wet soil surface, without a reduction in fruit growth.
Chemical Inhibition of Sprouting of Pruned Lemon Trees1
Authors: Phillips R. L. , Tucker D. P. H.
Published: September 2022

Trees of ‘Bearss’ lemon [Gtrus limon (L.) Burm. f] in Florida produce numerous undesirable sprouts on scaffold limbs following severe pruning. Considerable time and expense is involved in removing these by hand. Several formulations containing naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) singly and in combination with ethyl hydrogen 1-propylphosphonate (EHPP) were applied to determine if these sprouts could be satisfactorily controlled with chemicals. NAA by itself was effective and caused no abnormalities in new growth. The addition of EHPP increased sprout inhibition in some cases, but some leaf loss and distortion occurred.
Preharvest Application of Ethephon and SADH on Ripening and Quality of Lowbush Blueberry Fruit1
Authors: Ismail Amr A.
Published: September 2022

Preharvest treatments with succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) had no effect on the rate of ripening of fruit of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium an-gustifolium Alt.). Ripening (color change) was accelerated in berries receiving 2.24 and 4.48 kg/ha (2 chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon). Ethephon at these rates accelerated fruit abscission 14 days after treatment The weight, size, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity and keeping quality of berries were not affected by ethephon or SADH treatments.
Predicting Harvest Date of the ‘Concord’ Grape Crop in Southwest Michigan1
Authors: Van Den Brink Ceel
Published: September 2022

Modified heat-unit methods, at base temperature 50°F (10°C), were developed that quite accurately forecast the Optimum maturity date for commercial crop harvest of the ‘Concord’ grape (Vitis labrusca L.) in southwest Michigan. Optimum maturity was reached 85 days (SD=4.33) after the date when 1000 units were accumulated for the season and 63 days (SD=4.18) after the date when 1500 units were accumulated. Counting of seasonal accumulation of heat units started April 1. These methods were found to be more accurate than counting days from full bloom to harvest It appears that maturation is determined to a large degree by temperatures during the first 100 days of the season.
Horticultural Education for Foreign Students: A Faculty Advisor’s Viewpoint
Authors: Haynes F. L.
Published: September 2022

In preparing for this discussion, I have assumed that our primary concern is for graduate level students from developing nations and that most of their undergraduate education has been obtained within their own national institutions.
The Effect of Relative Humidity on the Quality of Stored Cabbage1
Authors: Pendergrass Ann , Isenberg F. M. R.
Published: September 2022

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) was stored for 6 months at 1°C in 100, 85 and 75% relative humidities under 2 atmospheric regimes: normal air and 5% CO2 –2.5% O2 with the balance N2 (controlled atmosphere, CA). Disease, direct weight and color losses were less at 100% relative humidity than at either 85% or 75% relative humidity. CA treatments showed less disease and had better green color than corresponding air treatments for all humidities. Based on high humidity air storage as the control treatment, the ‘Harris Resistant Danish #277 (HRD) showed a greater response to high humidity CA storage in terms of color retention than ‘Green Winter’ (GW). However, GW was the better adapted of the 2 cultivars to all storage treatments tested in that it deteriorated less rapidly.
Screening Carrot Roots for High Soluble Solids by Specific Gravity1
Authors: Bassett M. J.
Published: September 2022

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots were separated into high and low density groups by placing them in a NaCl solution of known density. The high density roots had mean % soluble solids significantly higher than low density roots. The density of the test solution required for optimum separation of high density roots varied with the cultivar.
Seasonal Mineral Accumulation by the Sweet Potato1
Authors: Scott L. E. , Bouwkamp J. C.
Published: September 2022

The concentration and total content of P, K, Ca, Mg, N, Fe, Mn, and B in storage roots and in vines of sweet potatoes [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] was followed for a 14 week period beginning 2 months after planting. The concentration of N, P, K, Mn, and Mg in the vines and N, P, and K in the roots decreased slightly during the period. Other elements showed no definite seasonal trends. Total uptake by the vines showed little change after the second sampling period
‘Olympus’ Strawberry1
Authors: Barritt Bruce H. , Schwartze C. D.
Published: September 2022

The ‘Olympus’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) was released in November, 1973, by Washington State University for the processing industry of the Pacific Northwest. It is comparable to the industry standards, ‘Northwest’ and ‘Hood’, in processing quality, and has consistently produced higher yields than these cultivars. Its high yield in a single harvest and easy calyx removal make it worthy of trial for mechanical harvesting. ‘Olympus’ was named for the highest peak in Olympic National Park, Washington.
‘Cherokee’ Blackberry1
Authors: Moore J. N. , Brown Elvin , Sistrunk W. A.
Published: September 2022

Blackberry production in the United States has been declining steadily for several years, primarily as a result of inadequate harvest labor. The recent development of a mechanical harvester (1) has generated new interest in blackberry culture. Available cultivars, however, have been only moderately suitable for machine harvest and the full development of a blackberry industry has been impeded by lack of high yielding cultivars adapted to machine harvest. ‘Cherokee’ has been released to fill this void in areas in which it is adapted.
Diversity in Horticulture Departments: Is There Need for Conformity
Authors: Gabelman W. H.
Published: September 2022

The value of history lies in the prediction of future events. If so, horticulturists who worry about the vexing administrative problems related to the structuring of departments might find profitable an analysis of the evolution of horticulture and related departments in the United States Land Grant Universities.
Evaluating Combining Ability in Peach and Nectarine1
Authors: Fogle H. W.
Published: September 2022

Prepotency of 5 seed and 9 pollen parents of peach and nectarine, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, was estimated from analysis of detailed data on 1,131 seedlings. Selections were compared as parents from percentages of transmission of 22 commercially important characteristics in multiple cross progenies. Three composite measures of combining ability delineated two of the selections as superior parents. One parent gave selections worthy of propagation at the rate of 1 per 33 seedlings, while poorer parents required as many as 752 seedlings to produce one selection.
Induction of Ethylene Production in ‘Bosc’ Pears by Postharvest Cold Stress1
Authors: Sfakiotakis E. M. , Dilley D. R.
Published: September 2022

Preclimacteric ‘Bosc’ pears held continuously at 20°C produced ethylene at a very low rate and resisted ripening for 12 days. However, if held at 5 or 10° for the first 7 days, ethylene production at 20° began to increase almost immediately. Rapid and uniform ripening resulted. Storage at 0° was considerably less effective in this regard. Further, the longer pears were held at 5, up to 6 days, the greater was their ethylene production capacity at 23°. Softening lagged behind the onset of autocatalytic ethylene production. Thus, cold stress induces a metabolic change leading to accelerated ethylene production which in turn initiates other ripening reactions in ‘Bosc’ pears.
Breeding Citrus Rootstocks
Authors: Jack Hearn C. , Hutchison D. J. , Barrett H. C.
Published: September 2022

Nearly all commercial citrus trees are grafted, and the rootstock has a major effect on the performance of the scion cultivar. A citrus tree’s resistance to or tolerance of disease, nematodes, salt, cold, and other factors may be influenced by the rootstock. Also, the rootstock affects the tree’s adaptability to various environmental factors, as well as the quantity and quality of fruit that it produces. No available rootstock possesses all of the desirable traits needed by the citrus industry. Also, changes in culture and production problems create new demands.
Breeding Resistant Grape Rootstocks
Authors: Nesbitt W. B.
Published: September 2022

Introduction of the grape phylloxera (Phylloxera vitifoliae Fitch) into the vinifera grape growing areas of the world over 100 years ago forced viticulturalists to use resistant rootstocks from central North America. This aphid destroyed more than 2,500,000 acres of vineyards in France alone only 25 years after it was introduced. Control measures other than resistant rootstocks were inadequate for phylloxera. Extensive rootstock development programs have been underway for over 100 years. The North American species, which are generally the most resistant, were studied for their adaptability to soil climate, compatability with vinifera scions, and propagation characteristics. The presently-used rootstocks originated from these studies and breeding programs. The primary objectives of the earlier workers were phylloxera resistance, tolerance to lime induced chlorosis, ease of rooting and grafting, and desirable effect on the yield and quality of scion cultivars. More recently root knot nematode resistance was incorporated in rootstocks (19, 23, 24).
Breeding Peach Rootstocks for Canada and the Northern United States
Authors: Layne Richard E. C.
Published: September 2022

Peach seedling rootstocks [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] have been and continue to be the most important roostocks used for peaches in North America. In the North Central Region of the United States, Simons and Carlson (21) surveyed commercial nurseries in 1966 and 1967 and reported that 97.7% of the peaches were propagated on peach seedling understock. The principal seedling rootstock cultivars were ‘Lovell’, ‘Halford’, ‘Red Leaf and ‘Suncling’, accounting for 95.8% of the propagated trees. The remaining 2.3% of the trees were propagated on P. armeniaca L., P. tomentosa Thunb., P. besseyi Bailey, P. hortulana Bailey, and P. insititia L. cv. St. Julian A. Of these, 1.2% of the trees were on P. besseyi which was used for its dwarfing ability.
Breeding Apple Rootstocks1
Authors: Cummins James N. , Aldwinckle H. S.
Published: September 2022

The apple industry throughout the world has been shifting from the large, “standard” tree, with its massive, non-economic cambial surface, and its attendant massive machinery, to much more compact units. Orchard densities have changed from 65 trees/ha to densities of 350 to 2000 trees/ha.
The Influence of Growth Retardants on Iresine1
Authors: Nightingale Arthur E.
Published: September 2022

Of the commercially available growth retardants tested on Iresine herbsti Hook. cv. Acuminata and I. lindeni, Van Houtte, cv. Formosa, succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) was the most effective in producing a compact desirable plant. Reduction in the green coloration in the foliage of ‘Formosa’ and the red coloration of ‘Acuminata’ occurred when SADH was used alone or in combination with (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat).
Retail and Consumer Losses in Sweet Potatoes Marketed in Metropolitan New York1
Authors: Ceponis M. J. , Butterfield J. E.
Published: September 2022

Retail losses totaled 5.9% in dry-type and 5.4% in moist-type sweet potatoes in 7 representative metropolitan New York supermarkets during 1970-73. Losses in consumer samples purchased in 6 stores were 10.7% in the dry types and 8.0% in the moist types after being held 4 days at 21°C. Rhizopus soft rot, mechanical injury, and desiccation were the leading causes of loss in retail. Rhizopus soft rot and hardcore, a “cooking hard” disorder, caused most of the loss in consumer samples.
Wis. HBR 40 and Wis. HBR 72 Bean Germplasm
Authors: Hagedorn D. J. , Walker J. C. , Rand R. E.
Published: September 2022

Two processing lines of bean (Phaeolus vulgaris L.), WIS. HBR 40 and WIS. HBR 72, were released in 1970. They combine, for the first time, resistance to both race 1 and race 2 of the bean halo blight disease caused by Pseudomonas phaseolicola (Burkh.) Dows.
Electron Optics: Principles, Techniques, and Applications in Horticulture1
Authors: Rasmussen H. P. , Hooper G. R.
Published: September 2022

Excellent, though limited, use has been made of electron optical equipment in the field of horticulture. The increasing availability and the refinements in such instruments as the electron microprobe X-ray analyzer, the scanning electron microscope and the transmission electron microscope have made them invaluable tools for the horticultural scientist. In an effort to extend the use of such equipment this paper discusses the operation, present and potential applications, sample preparation techniques and problems, and a glimpse of the future of electron optical equipment in horticulture.
A Survey of Basic Horticulture and Plant Science Courses in U.S. and Canadian Colleges and Universities
Authors: Childers Norman F.
Published: September 2022

The basic horticulture course in many colleges and universities was replaced with essentially a basic plant science course(s), covering horticulture, agronomy and/or forestry, beginning with the low-enrollment Vietnam War years. A few institutions have switched back to basic horticulture with the objective of regaining identity and increasing horticultural majors. In recent years however, there has been a general and rather marked increase in enrollments in nearly all plant-oriented courses due apparently to a growing interest among young people in the outdoor environment.

There is interest among most U.S. and Canadian horticulture departments in what happened when the basic horticulture course was or was not replaced with a general plant science course during the recent war years of low student enrollment The results of a 1973-1974 survey presents shifts in the basic horticultural teaching, the present enrollment situation, and any plans for changes in the immediate future. The results are summarized in Table 1.
Cultural Management of Pine Voles in Apple Orchards1
Authors: Byers R. E. , Young R. S.
Published: September 2022

Pine vole, Microtus pinetorum LeConte, activity in an apple orchard was reduced by cultivation of a 4 m-wide strip down the tree row. Bare-ground-culture using a single annual application of Simazine plus Amitrol (1964-71) or Paraquat (1972-73) herbicide for 10 years reduced pine vole activity.
Retail and Consumer Losses of Western Pears in Metropolitan New York1
Authors: Ceponis M. J. , Butterfield J. E.
Published: September 2022

During 1970-73, the condition of western-grown pears (Pyrus communis L.) was studied in metropolitan New York supermarkets and in consumer samples. Retail losses totaled 4.9, 2.5, and 1.9%. in ‘Bosc’, ‘d’Anjou’, and ‘Bartlett’ pears, respectively, and waste in consumer samples was 5.2, 1.6, and 4.0%, respectively. Mechanical injury caused the most loss in retail and internal breakdown the most in consumer samples.
Ethephon Improves Marketability of ‘Schmidt’ Sweet Cherries Picked without Stems1
Authors: Aebig D. E. , Dewey D. H.
Published: September 2022

Orchard application of 300 ppm (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) to sweet cherries (Prunus avium L. cv. Schmidt) enhanced fruit abscission and decreased fruit injury from stem scar tearing when harvested without stems. Postharvest pitting of the fruit at the stem scar and the development of brown rot were reduced by ethephon. Even so, treated fruit picked without stems was unmarketable after 5 days at room temperature because of excessive amounts of decay, regardless of fungicidal treatment or storage for 0 to 6 weeks at 0 and 5°C.
Rootstocks Affect Postharvest Decay of Grapefruit1
Authors: McDonald Roy E. , Wutscher Heinz K.
Published: September 2022

Rootstocks affected decay of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf. cv. Redbush) stored for 9 weeks at 10°C plus 1 week at 21°. Fruit from trees on ‘Smooth Seville’ (Australian sour orange) was least susceptible to decay, 3.3%. Fruit from trees on the hybrid C61-253 (‘Shekwasha’ × ‘Chinotto’) was the most susceptible, 27.7%. Postharvest decay was statistically related to rootstocks but not to standard fruit quality characteristics.
Chlorflurenol: An Apparent Volatility Effect on Beans1
Authors: Gaither Douglas H.
Published: September 2022

Untreated bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Red Kidney) were grown in clear polyethylene plastic chambers containing beans treated with methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate (chlorflurenol). Both treated and untreated plants showed reduced leaf surface, dark greening of leaves, and inhibition of second internode elongation. A positive correlation existed between the amount of chlorflurenol applied to treated plants and the amount of growth inhibition seen in untreated plants. Substitution of a chlorflurenol-treated glass plate for chlorflurenol-treated beans resulted in growth inhibition of untreated plants. These results indicate that chlorflurenol can be transferred by volatilization from treated to untreated bean plants.
Resistance of Tomato Cultivars to the Fruitworm, Heliothis zea(Boddie)1
Authors: Fery Richard L. , Cuthbert Frank P.
Published: September 2022

A collection of 1,030 accessions of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), mostly cultivars and assumed cultivars, was evaluated for resistance to the tomato fruitworm. Although no immunity was found, there were significant differences in the degree of susceptibility. The most resistant cultivar, ‘Tiny Tim’, was 83.1 and 57.6% less damaged than the susceptible and resistant controls, respectively. Even though the data were possibly confounded by vine-size effects, indications are that much of the variability can be used to develop less susceptible cultivars.
Overwintering of Evergreens in Plastic Structures1
Authors: Davidson Harold , Mecklenburg Roy
Published: September 2022

The overwintering of evergreens without irrigation in plastic structures was best accomplished in a house oriented in a north-south direction and covered with milky polyethylene. Dehydration of evergreens in a structure covered with clear polyethylene and oriented in an east-west direction was attributed to high vapor pressure gradients that occurred in clear days. Evergreens overwintered in structures covered with clear polyethylene should be inspected periodically and irrigated as necessary to prevent desiccation.
Zinc Toxicity to Plants Grown in Media Containing Poly Rubber1
Authors: Milbocker Daniel C.
Published: September 2022

Corn (Zea mays L.) grown in combination of fertilized sphagnum peat and ground rubber tires (poly rubber) were chlorotic and slow growing. Growth rates were reduced by excessive amounts of Zn leached from the rubber. Reducing the amount of teachable Zn and supplementing the fertilizer with chelated Fe restored the green color and increased the growth rate of corn plants to comparative levels of plants grown in fertilized sphagnum peat.
Growth and Carbohydrates Content of Tomato Seedlings in Nutrient Solutions1
Authors: Kamal A. N. Y. , Aung L. H. , Solomon S.
Published: September 2022

Seedlings of tomato (Lycoper-sicon esculentum Mill. cv. Fireball) were grown in sand culture with Hoagland nutrient solution (HNS) applied at ¼, ½ and full strength. Half and full strength HNS significantly increased net assimilation rate, and also the relative growth rates of stem and root over the distilled water treated plants. Maximal dry matter increase of seedlings was obtained with ½ and full strength HNS. Reducing sugars and starch contents of treated seedlings decreased with increased growth.
Impact Bruising of Sweet Cherries Related to Temperature and Fruit Ripeness1
Authors: Melvin Couey H. , Wright Theodore R.
Published: September 2022

Warm fruit of Prunus avium L. cv. Lambert were less susceptible to impact bruising than cold fruit. Mahogany-colored cherries were less susceptible to impact bruising than red-colored cherries.
Effect of Ethephon and Harvest Method on Quality of Stemless Sweet Cherries Harvested for the Fresh Market1
Authors: Melvin Couey H. , Williams Max W. , Berlage Arnold G. , Paul Larsen R.
Published: September 2022

Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) treated with (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) to facilitate harvesting, were low in soluble solids in 1972, but not in 1973. Bruising, pitting and torn stem attachments were attributable to picking method rather than ethephon treatment.
Relative Susceptibility of Spinach Plant Introduction Accessions to Curly Top1
Authors: Sams D. W. , Bienz D. R.
Published: September 2022

Plant Introduction (PI) accessions of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were evaluated for curly top resistance in greenhouse tests at Pullman and in field tests in the Columbia Basin near Basin City, Washington. In greenhouse tests of 185 accessions, possible resistance was observed in 4 that produced single symptomless plants, in 3 that survived long enough to produce some nonviable seed, and in 56 that produced dwarf green plants in which symptom expression and death were delayed. Of the 178 accessions observed in the field, 13 produced 1 symptomless pistillate plant each, 1 produced a single tolerant pistillate plant, and 1 produced 11 symptomless pistillate plants.
‘Flamecrest’ Peach1
Authors: Weinberger John H.
Published: September 2022

‘Flamecrest’ is a yellow-fleshed, shipping type, freestone peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] released in Sept. 1973. The fruit ripens early midseason, in early July at Fresno or the latter part of ‘Suncrest’ season. It has been tested only in California. Commercial shipments have been made from cooperator trials with favorable market acceptance.
Blue Phosphorescence of Standard Cut Flower Carnation
Authors: Pace Abby , Dunn Bruce L. , Fontanier Charles
Published: September 2022

An experiment was conducted to quantify luminescence of white cut flower carnations after exposure to blue glow-in-the-dark powder. Powder was applied to the flowers as either dip (3, 6, or 9 g) or spray (3, 6, or 9 g) solutions in 240 mL of water for 4 seconds plus a control. Stem fresh weight, relative stem fresh weight, flower diameter, and overall solution absorption were greatest on day 4. Only the 6-g dip or spray had greater average flower quality ratings than the control, indicating reduced vase life, but there was no difference among powder treatments. Phosphorescence is possible with fluorescent light, but ultraviolet light increased the flower mean brightness an average of 75% across all treatments. No treatment differences were observed for the flower mean brightness with ultraviolet light, except on day 9; however, greater powder rates without ultraviolet light in general resulted in greater brightness.
Factors Affecting the Marketability of Roses1
Authors: Prince T. L. , Robertson J. L. , Chatfield L. H.
Published: September 2022

Marketability of arrangements of rose (Rosa hybrida L.) was evaluated on the basis of unit size, stem length, cultivar, flower condition including openness, bentneck and discoloration, and price using conjoint analysis. Long stemmed, 12 unit red hybrid tea roses lost competitive position in favor of shorter 9 and 5 unit rose arrangements. Price was the major determinant for the favorable consumer acceptance of the smaller sized, short stemmed roses in arrangements. The cultivar of rose marketed and the degree of flower openness were important factors influencing the consumer's purchase decision. Low priced short stemmed roses (40 cm) in a tight bud-stage were the most highly valued, however, ‘Sonia’ roses evoked strong consumer appeal regardless of price or stage of bud openness.
Influence of Environment and Flower Maturity on Hybrid Seed Production of Exserted Stigma Tomatoes Crossed without Emasculation1
Authors: Scott J. W. , George William L.
Published: September 2022

Two inbreds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with exserted stigmas, one without and the other with positional sterility (ps), were crossed without emasculation, at 3 stages of maturity under 3 environmental conditions. Seed production was maximal when flowers at anthesis were pollinated during cloudy weather with relative humidities (RH) of about 70% and temperatures about 24°C. Seed production was poor when flowers were pollinated 3 days before anthesis during hot (32°C), clear, dry weather (RH - 48%). The ps inbred had less than 1% selfing at all stages of flower development and environments. Selfing contamination for the ps+ inbred was less than 4% per line except in some cases when flowers were crossed before anthesis. Selfing of 35% occurred when flowers were crossed 3 days before anthesis during favorable pollinating weather.
Hormonal Control of Strawberry Axillary Bud Development in Vitro1
Authors: Waithaka Kimani , Hildebrandt Albert C. , Dana Malcolm N.
Published: September 2022

In vitro cultures were used to study the development of axillary bud and stolon tip explants of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Explants cultured on Murashige-Skoog basal media containing kinetin at 1, 5, or 10 mg/liter developed into leafy shoots. Low concentration of kinetin (1 mg/liter) promoted the development of both types of explants into single shoots while higher concentration (10 mg/liter) promoted production of multiple leafy shoots developing from axillary buds of the earlier formed leafy shoots. NAA at 1 mg/liter promoted callus growth from both types of explants. Axillary bud explants developed into stolons when cultured on media containing gibberellic acid (GA3) at 5, 10 or 20 mg/liter. Stolon apices developed into leafy shoots while the second axillary stolon buds of the tips were inhibited when the explants were cultured on GA3-containing media. Combinations of GA3 and kinetin induced the development of axillary bud explants into structures intermediate in form between those of stolons and leafy shoots. Stolon apices and stolon axillary buds at the stolon tips developed into leafy shoots and continuing stolons, respectively, when the explants were cultured on a kinetin-containing medium for one week, and then transferred onto a GA3-containing medium. Thus, the developmental pathway of axillary strawberry buds was shown to be responsive to a balance between GA and cytokinins following removal from apical dominance.
Calcium Deficiency of Anthurium andreanum Lind. Spathes1
Authors: Higaki T. , Rasmussen H. P. , Carpenter W. J.
Published: September 2022

Color breakdown of spathe tissue of anthurium, Anthurium andreanum Lind., exhibited typical calcium deficiency symptoms. Anatomical studies revealed cell separation and collapse in affected tissue. Cell separation may have resulted from instability of the middle lamella due to calcium deficiency. Calcium application in the field, either as nitrate or silicate, significantly reduced the incidence of the disorder.
Glycosidase Activities and Development of Peach Fruit Mesocarp Tissues1
Authors: Kupferman Eugene M. , Loescher Wayne H.
Published: September 2022

Mesocarp development of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Redhaven] as measured by fresh weight and size increase, progressed along a double sigmoid curve which was reflected in the activity of extractable wall-associated α- and β-nitrophenylgalactosidases. Enzyme activities, both on protein and dry weight basis, rose rapidly during early fruit development, leveled off, then again rose rapidly at maturation. There was more α-nitrophenylgalactosidase activity than β-nitrophenylgalactosidase activity throughout development. Increases in both galactosidases followed rather than preceded increases in size. The final increases were, however, well correlated with fruit maturation.
Timing of Tracheostomy in Patients with Intracerebral Haemorrhage:
A Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Tang Xiao-Ping , Luo Bo , Chen Hua-Xuan , Song Xu-Dong , Wang Lin , Zhao Long
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

Although early tracheostomy (ET) is recommended for patients with severe stroke, the optimal timing of tracheostomy for patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) remains controversial. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics, risk factors and timing of tracheostomy in patients after tracheal intubation using a propensity-matched analysis.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective database search and assessed 267 consecutive patients who underwent endotracheal intubation (175 of whom underwent tracheostomy) and ICH between July 2017 and June 2021. A logistic regression model was applied to identify the critical factors that influenced the decision for tracheostomy by comparing factors in a tracheostomy group and a non-tracheostomy group. Patients were divided into an early (≤5 days) or a late (>5 days) group according to the median time of tracheostomy. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for possible confounders and investigate differences in outcomes between ET and late tracheostomy (LT).

Results:

Among the 267 enrolled patients with ICH and endotracheal intubation, 65.5% received tracheostomy during hospitalisation, and 52.6% received ET. The independent risk factors for tracheostomy included National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.179; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.028–1.351; P = 0.018), aspiration (OR: 2.171; 95% CI: 1.054–4.471; P = 0.035) and infiltrates (OR: 2.149; 95% CI: 1.088–4.242; P = 0.028). Using propensity matching, we found that ET was associated with fewer antibiotic-using days (15 vs. 18; P < 0.001) and sedative-using days (6 vs. 8; P < 0.001), shorter intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) (9 vs. 12; P < 0.05) and reduced in-ICU costs (3.59 vs. 7.4; P < 0.001) and total hospital costs (8.26 vs. 11.28, respectively; P < 0.001). Muscle relaxants (31.8% vs. 60.6%) were used less frequently in patients with ET (P = 0.001). However, there were no differences between the ET and LT groups in terms of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) (4 vs. 4; P = 0.932), in-general-ward costs (4.74 vs. 4.37; P = 0.052), mechanical ventilation days (6 vs. 6; P = 0.961) and hospital LOS (23 vs. 23; P = 0.735) as well as the incidences of ventilator-associated pneumonia (28.8% vs. 37.9%; P = 0.268), tracheostomy-related complications (16.7% vs. 19.7%; P = 0.652), respiratory failure (24.2% vs. 31.8%; P = 0.333), all-cause deaths (15.2% vs. 16.7%; P = 0.812) and pneumonia (77.3% vs. 87.9%; P = 0.108).

Conclusion:

We recommend ET for high-risk patients with ICH. Although ET cannot reduce in-hospital mortality or improve patient prognosis, it may help reduce hospital costs and ICU LOS as well as the use of antibiotics, sedatives and muscle relaxants.
Cryptosporidiosis in Yellow Nail Syndrome – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Tak Vibhor , Kundu Aditya , Srivastava Saumya , Goyal Jagdish Prasad
Published: September 2022

Background:

Cryptosporidium species infection causes malabsorption and severe diarrhea
in immunocompromised hosts. Association of Yellow Nail Syndrome (YNS) and Cryptosporidiosis is
rare and has not been reported till date. Immunity can also be affected in this case of YNS is associated
with autoimmune disorders.

Case Presentation:

Here, we describe a case of persistent diarrhea in an 8 month old YNS patient.
Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining and Saffranine-Methylene blue revealed oocyts of Cryptosporidium
species. Following appropriate treatment, the patient’s symptoms improved and the patient was discharged
in a hemodynamically stable condition.

Discussion:

Cryptosporidiosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised
patients. YNS per se as well as treatment including steroids leads to immunosuppression in individuals
making them susceptible host for opportunistic infections like Cryptosporidiosis.

Conclusion:

Clinicians should be aware of the condition and screen for Cryptosporidiosis in any immunocompromised
patients with diarrheal symptoms, as parasitic infection like this are opportunistic
in them.
A Review of the Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of
Genus Flueggea
Authors: Peng Yi-ling , Zeng Ni , Yao Qing-ying , Peng Cai-yun , Sheng Wen-bing , Li Bin , Wang Wei
Published: September 2022

The genus Flueggea Willd. belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is widely distributed in Asia, South America, Oceania, and Europe, with sixteen species. Several species, such as
Flueggea suffruticosa and Flueggea virosa, have been used as traditional medicines in Southeast
Asia and Africa for a long time for their good medicinal effects in treating rheumatoid arthritis,
traumatic injury, gastrointestinal disease etc. The characteristic chemical constituents of this genus
are alkaloids and diterpenoids, which show antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitumor, antibacterial, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities. This review summarizes the traditional medicinal values, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of the genus Flueggea to
provide a useful reference for the follow-up research and application of the genus.
A Robust and Effective Anomaly Detection Model for Identifying
Unknown Network Traffic
Authors: Kong Lingjing , Zhou Ying , Wang Huijing
Published: September 2022

Background:

Network security is getting more serious and has attracted much
attention in recent years. Anomaly detection is an important technology to identify bad network
flows and protect the network, which has been a hot topic in the network security field. However,
in an anomaly detection system, the unknown network flows are always identified as some
known flows in the existing solutions, which results in poorer identification performance.

Objective:

Aiming at detecting unknown flows and improving the detection performance, based
on the KDD’99 dataset from a simulated real network environment, we analyzed the dataset and
the main factors which affect the accuracy, and proposed a more robust and effective anomaly
detection model (READM) to improve the accuracy of the detection.

Methods:

Based on unknown flows determination, the extra unknown type class is trained by
neural network and identified by deep inspection method. Then, the identification result for
unknown class will be updated to the detection system. Finally, the newly proposed robust and
effective anomaly detection model (READM) is constructed and validated.

Results:

Through experiments comparison and analysis, the results indicate that READM
achieves higher detection accuracy and less prediction time, which proves more efficient and
shows better performance.

Conclusion:

Our study found that the existence of unknown flows always results in error
detection and becomes the main factor influencing the detection performance. So, we propose a
robust and effective anomaly detection model based on the construction and training of the extra
unknown traffic class. Through the comparison of three experiments with different ways of
thinking, it is proved that READM improves detection accuracy and reduces prediction time.
Besides, after comparing with other solutions, it also shows better performance and has great
application value in this field.
Farm Doctor: Smart App Using Deep Learning Multi Class Model for Crop Disease
Authors: Jain Abhishek , Jain Megha , Kamble Megha
Published: September 2022

Rice is the staple food crop of a large population spread worldwide, today
and in the past. Millions of people are dependent on rice for an active and healthy
lifestyle. A smart and sustainable world is a pictograph that will come into reality with
an abundance of quality food for humankind. Smart precision agriculture leading to the
fulfillment of high-quality food is a challenge for many researchers. In the same series
of thoughts, this chapter proposes a Smart App using Deep Learning that helps
diagnose the rice crop disease to avoid failure of the crop. This chapter demonstrates an
easy to handle, farmer-friendly mobile app, with the help of which farmers can take
pictures of crop leaves as soon as some abnormality is observed. The app may then
analyse the crop leaf image to predict the probability of suspected disease, which gives
the farmer indication of loss and helps them take necessary preventive measures.
ANALYZING THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION IN MINIMIZING TURNOVER INTENTION
Authors:   Magister of Management, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Widyagama Malang, Indonesia, Hermawati Adya , Sambung Roby ,   Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Palangka Raya, Indonesia, Ramlawati Ramlawati ,   Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar, Indonesia, Iswati Iswati ,   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Adi Husada Surabaya, Indonesia, Haditomo Alfabetian Harjuno Condro ,   Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan, Hendarto Totok ,   Universitas Dr. Soetomo Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: September 2022

As an organization, hospitals should always make efforts to improve the performance of their employees because those employees will help the hospitals to attain their vision, mission, and goals. This research aims to analyze the effect of organizational climate on turnover intention in mediating organizational commitment and job satisfaction. The research type is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Data collection is done in one-time observation through a survey involving questionnaires. Items of the questionnaire are arranged on the Ordinal Likert Scale. The data analysis instrument is Variance Based Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), or Second-Order Partial Least Square Program (Smart PLS Version 2.0). The research subject or analysis unit is all employees at Mother-Child Health Hospital of Rembang. Population (N) of research includes all hospital employees, a total of 218 individuals. The employees are divided into clinical staff involved in health care services and non-clinical staff who are definitely not included in the clinical group. The sampling technique is random sampling which takes only some population members to represent the population. There are 70 individuals selected from the workgroup to act as respondents. Then, several conclusions are obtained from the analysis and results of the hypothesis test. A good organizational climate can strengthen organizational commitment. Regarding this position, it is suggested that Mother-Child Health Hospital of Rembang maintain and improve its organizational climate.
OPTIMIZATION OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL TO REALIZE EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE THROUGH ORGANIZATIONAL STRESSORS
Authors:   Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Indonesia, Asj’ari Fachrudy , Dwiarta I Made Bagus ,   Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Indonesia, Suharyanto Suharyanto ,   Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Indonesia, Widhayani Puri Setioningtyas ,   The Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences Budapest Hungaria
Published: September 2022

This research is important for the achievement of the college plan because at PGRI University Adi Buana Surabaya is also developing student cooperatives and employee cooperatives so that business sustainability occurs that can educate employees and students to get to know cooperatives and entrepreneurship. This study aims to test the influence of intellectual capital on emotional intelligence through organizational stressors as an intervening variable for cooperative actors in Surabaya. This study analyzes how intellectual capital plays a role in optimizing organizational stressors and emotional intelligence and how organizational stressors play a role in optimizing the emotional intelligence of cooperative actors in Surabaya. Some variables are analyzed as factors that affect emotional intelligence, namely intellectual capital and organizational stressors. This study is a type of explanatory study, reviewed from its analytical approach and classified into quantitative methods. The population of this study is all cooperative actors in Surabaya, and the sample is determined based on accidental techniques. Sampling in this study used Ferdinand's formula with the number of samples used as many as 156 people. The data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SEM (semantic equation modeling). This research is useful for the development of human resource management science. This study showed that intellectual capital has a significant and positive effect on organizational stressors, and intellectual capital has a significant and positive effect on emotional intelligence. In contrast, organizational stressors have insignificant and negative effects on emotional intelligence. The Cooperative is expected to solve or fix the cooperative actors' organizational stressors to solve the cooperative actor's problems.
Jump quantum phase transitions in a vortex sistem and the dinamic complex magnetic permeability of high-temperature binary YBa-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Cu-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-7-x-=/SUB=- superconductors
Authors: Rostami H P.
Published: September 2022

A nonlocal high-frequency method for measuring the dynamic complex magnetic permeability with enhanced spatial resolution is developed to simultaneously determine the bulk and local character of stepwise penetration of a magnetic flux through twin boundaries (TBs) into a YBa2Cu3O7-x HTSC sample during its stepwise decomposition into twins. By the values of fields corresponding to the regions of steps, the thermodynamic first critical magnetic fields are determined: the penetration of a flux into a sample --- a Josephson medium; the development of a critical state in the Josephson medium; the penetration of a flux into twins; and the values of the critical fields of phase transitions in the vortex system of the HTSC sample, such as the melting fields of a vortex crystal, the formation of a superconducting glass state in the sample, and the transition to the vortex glass and Bragg glass states. Keywords: high-frequency inductance, bulk and local dynamic complex magnetic permeability, magnetic flux trapping, effective demagnetization factor, twins (monodomains, crystallites, sub- and nanocrystallites), twin boundaries.
Establishing the stationary state during severe plastic deformation by twisting in two-component crystals
Authors: Zavorotnev Yu.D.  , Metlov L.S.  , Tomashevskaya E.Yu.
Published: September 2022

The propagation of a switching wave (kink) in two-component crystals during plastic torsion strain has been considered. The phenomenological Landau theory with consideration of Lifshitz invariants was used. A numerical simulation of the shape of the kink that occurs under various temperatures has been performed. Keywords: kink, order parameter, torsion, potential, two-component crystal.
Is There Evidence of Toxicity in Long-Term Photobiomodulation?
Authors: Litscher Gerhard
Published: September 2022

This editorial briefly discusses the issue of potential toxicity in the case of long-term photobiomodulation (PBM). Scientific articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure were included in a heterogeneous search. There have been very few studies on the long-term effects of PBM, as well as its potential toxicity. There is no evidence that PBM is toxic when used at therapeutic or imaging doses. There are no such concerns with intracranial PBM application (e.g., optical fiber) in either animal or human experiments.
Recasting Jung Through an Indigenist Approach to Deepen Shared Knowledges of Well-being and Healing on Australian Soils: Protocol for a Qualitative Landscape Research Study
Authors: Zaccone Sophie , Jamieson Graham , Murray Clara V , Lock Mark J , Doyle David
Published: September 2022

Background

The colonization of Australia is responsible for complex layers of trauma for the First Nations peoples of the continent. First Nations Australians’ well-being is irrevocably tied to the well-being of the land. The application of a landscape-based approach to collaborative research shows promise in enabling genuine relationships that yield rich and informative data. However, there is a lack of practical evidence in the field of landscape research—research tied to First Nations Australians’ worldviews of landscape.

Objective

This study aims to deepen shared knowledges of well-being and healing on Australian soils. We aim to examine ritual co-design as a novel method for deepening these shared knowledges.

Methods

This research comprises a qualitative and participatory action research design operationalized through an Indigenist approach. It is a 2-phase project that is co-designed with First Nations Australians. Phase 1 of this project is a relational study that endeavors to deepen the theory underpinning the project, alongside the development of meaningful and reciprocal community connections. Phase 2 is a series of 3 participatory action research cycles to co-design a new communal ritual. This process seeks to privilege First Nations Australians’ voices and ways of knowing, which are themselves communal, ritual, and symbolic. The framework developed by psychiatrist Carl Jung informs the psychological nature of the enquiry. An Indigenist approach to landscape research recasts the Jungian frame to enable a culturally safe, context-specific, and landscape-based method of qualitative research.

Results

The research is in the preliminary stages of participant recruitment. It is expected that data collection will commence in late 2022.

Conclusions

It is expected that this qualitative and co-designed project will strengthen the cross-cultural co-designer relationships and that the data gathered from these relationships, and the accompanying practical outcomes, will provide new insight into the interaction between human and landscape well-being. The field of landscape research is in an embryonic phase. This new field is embedded in the understanding that First Nations Australians’ well-being is irrevocably tied to the well-being of the land, and this study seeks to build on this evidence base. A strength of this research is the relational methodology, in which First Nations Peoples’ needs and desires will inform future research directions. It is limited by its context specific nature; however, it is expected that findings will be usable in guiding future research directions in the multidisciplinary field of landscape research.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/36328