bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric 5‐Hydroxypyrrolidine Synthesis: A Highly Enantioselective Route to 3‐Substituted Proline Derivatives.
Authors: Rios Ramon , Ibrahem Ismail , Vesely Jan , Sunden Henrik , Cordova Armando
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isoindol‐1‐ylphosphonate Derivatives via Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Reaction of α‐Amino (2‐Alkynylphenyl) Methylphosphonate with Aryl Iodide.
Authors: Ding Qiuping , Wang Bing , Wu Jie
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyrazolines via Mild, Photoactivated 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition.
Authors: Wang Yizhong , Rivera Vera Claudia I. , Lin Qing
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spiro‐Heterocyclization of Pyrrolobenzoxazinetriones (I) Effected by Thiourea.
Authors: Babenysheva A. V. , Maslivets V. A. , Maslivets A. N.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Amino‐5‐ (4,6‐diphenyl‐2‐pyrimidinyl)‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thione and Its Reaction with C‐Electrophiles.
Authors: Mekuskiene G. , Vainilavicius P.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Furanyl and Oxazolyl N‐Substituted Piperidine and Imidazoline Salts as Potential Agonists of M1 Muscarinic Receptors.
Authors: Aguado Andreina , Boulos John , Carreras Anladys , Montoya Angelica , Rodriquez Judith
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Furo[3,4‐b]pyridine Formation—Diels—Alder Reaction: An Approach to the Synthesis of Nitrogen Containing Heterocyclic Analogues of 1‐Arylnaphthalene Lignans.
Authors: Jana Gouranga P. , Ghorai Binay K.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Benzo[h]quinolones and Study of Their Fluorescence Properties.
Authors: Jachak Madhukar N. , Kendre Dhananjay B. , Avhale A. B. , Toche Raghunath B. , Sabnis Ram W.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Fluorine‐Containing Substituted Spiro[piperidine‐4,4′‐pyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline]‐3′‐carbonitrile by Nonconventional Methods.
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Gautam Sangeeta , Jain Anuj Kumar
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Efficient Route to Dissymmetric 2,4‐Di(het)aryl‐pyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidines via Regioselective Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Tikad Abdellatif , Routier Sylvain , Akssira Mohamed , Leger Jean‐Michel , Jarry Christian , Guillaumet Gerald
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Domino [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] Cycloadditions of Nitroheteroaromatics: An Efficient Synthesis of Fused Nitrogenated Polycycles.
Authors: Chataigner Isabelle , Piettre Serge R.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Mediated Synthesis of Novel Pentacyclic Benzoazepino[2,1‐a]isoindoles from Enamides of Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Gowrisankar Saravanan , Lee Hyun Seung , Lee Ka Young , Lee Ji‐Eun , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Drimane‐Type Sesquiterpenes, Strobilactones A and B, from the Liquid Culture of the Edible Mushroom Strobilurus ohshimae.
Authors: Shiono Yoshihito , Hiramatsu Fuminori , Murayama Tetsuya , Koseki Takuya , Funakoshi Takayuki , Ueda Koji , Yasuda Hironori
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Regiospecific Syntheses of N‐α,N‐1(τ)‐Dialkyl‐L‐histidines.
Authors: Nayak Surendra Kumar , Monga Vikramdeep , Kaur Navneet , Jain Rahul
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Iodoglycals, Glycals, and 1,1′‐Disaccharides from 2‐Deoxy‐2‐iodopyranoses under Dehydrative Glycosylation Conditions.
Authors: Rodriguez Miguel Angel , Boutureira Omar , Matheu M. Isabel , Diaz Yolanda , Castillon Sergio , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Revised Structure of Kasarin, an Antibacterial Pyrazinone Compound from the Marine Microorganism Hyphomycetes sp.
Authors: Kita Masaki , Miwa Ryoka , Widianti Triana , Ozaki Yoshikazu , Aoyama Sachiko , Yamada Kaoru , Uemura Daisuke
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spirofungin A: Stereoselective Synthesis and Inhibition of Isoleucyl‐tRNA Synthetase.
Authors: Marjanovic Jasmina , Kozmin Sergey A.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Prediction of Mutagenic Toxicity by Combination of Recursive Partitioning and Support Vector Machines.
Authors: Liao Quan , Yao Jianhua , Yuan Shengang
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fabrication of Ferromagnetic Iron Carbide Nanoparticles by a Chemical Vapor Condensation Process.
Authors: Lee D. W. , Yu J. H. , Kim B. K. , Jang T. S.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Hydrazonoalkanenitriles
Authors: Riyadh Sayed M. , Abdelhamid Ismail A. , Ibrahim Hamada M. , Al‐Matar Hamad M. , Elnagdi Mohamed H.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydrogenation of Polar Organic Functionalities Based on Ru‐Mediated Heterolytic Dihydrogen Cleavage
Authors: Ito Masato , Ikariya Takao
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosylation Reaction via a Mild and Efficient One‐Pot Reaction Using Doped Natural Phosphate with Iodine as Catalyst
Authors: Lazrek H. B. , Ouzebla D. , Baddi L. , Vasseur J. J.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipoxygenase Inhibitors: A Comparative QSAR Study Review and Evaluation of New QSARs
Authors: Pontiki Eleni , Hadjipavlou‐Litina Dimitra
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of C8‐Modified 2′‐Deoxyadenosine with Carcinogenic Arylamines
Authors: Jacobsen M. I. , Meier C.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Benzamide Riboside, a Potential Anticancer Agent
Authors: Bonnac Laurent F. , Gao Guang‐Yao , Chen Liqiang , Patterson Steven E. , Jayaram Hiremagalur N. , Pankiewicz Krzysztof W.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New Ribose Modified Analogue of Cyclic Inosine Diphosphate Ribose
Authors: Oliviero Giorgia , Borbone Nicola , Amato Jussara , D'Errico Stefano , Piccialli Gennaro , Varra Michela , Mayol Luciano
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Asymmetric synthesis of bicyclic piperidines via L‐proline catalyzed aldol reaction of 3‐phthalimidopropanal
Authors: Zhang Fanglin , Peng Yiyuan , Gong Yuefa
Published: February 2008

A highly enantioselective approach for preparing optically active bicyclic piperidines is described. The key step for introducing chiral centers was a L‐proline catalyzed direct enantioselective aldol reaction of 3‐phthalimidopropanal with aliphatic ketones. In the reactions with alicyclic ketones, a highly enantioselective formation of anti‐2‐(3‐phthalimido‐1‐hydroxypropyl)cycloketones 1a–1b (>99% ee) was observed. The aldol products 1 could be subsequently converted into bicyclic piperidines 2 via a consecutive reductive deprotection, acylation, ring closure, and hydrolysis. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Untersuchung der Kristallisation amorpher Lactose in Milchpulver anhand Dynamischer Wasserdampfsorption
Authors: Danzl W. , Ziegleder G.
Published: February 2008

Milchpulver enthalten Lactose in amorpher Form und sind daher hygroskopisch und instabil. Bei unkontrollierter Kristallisation der amorphen Lactose kann es zu Schwierigkeiten durch Verklumpen oder Bräunungsreaktionen in Milchpulvern oder trockenmilchhaltigen Folgeprodukten kommen. Um die Kristallisationsneigung der amorphen Lactose zu bestimmen, wurden geeignete Methoden anhand dynamischer Wasserdampfsorption (Dynamic Vapour Sorption –DVS) entwickelt und an Sprühvollmilchpulver demonstriert.
Changing indications for surgery in patients with stage IV breast cancer
Authors: Morrogh Mary , Park Anna , Norton Larry , King Tari A.
Published: February 2008

BACKGROUND

Evolving concepts of cancer biology and emerging evidence of a potential survival benefit from local surgery have raised the question of an expanded role for surgery in select patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). To determine whether such developments have influenced clinical practice, the authors evaluated surgical practice patterns in the study institution over the last 15 years.

METHODS

Two institutional databases were screened to identify patients with MBC who underwent breast surgery (1990–2005). Retrospective review was conducted to assess trends over time and to evaluate the role of surgery in the more modern era (1995–2005).

RESULTS

The overall frequency of mastectomy remained stable over time (1.7%); however, between early (1990–1995) and late (2000–2005) periods the rate of ‘symptom control’ mastectomy decreased (41% to 25%), whereas the rate of ‘local control’ mastectomy increased (34% to 66%). Conversely, the overall frequency of wide‐local excision (WLE) increased over time (1995–2001), from 1% to 9% (P < .001) with no differences noted between rates of symptom control or local control procedures. In the modern era (1995–2005), 256 of 12,529 patients (2%) with MBC underwent breast surgery (33% mastectomy, 52% WLE); most frequently to ‘optimize local control’ (50%) and primarily in the setting of limited/stable distant disease. Surgery was performed for palliation in only 19% of patients. At a median follow‐up of 33.9 months (range, 0–198.7 months), 136 of 256 patients (53%) in this cohort remained alive; 88% were free of local disease.

CONCLUSIONS

Although surgery in MBC has historically been reserved for palliation, the authors observed a decreasing rate of traditional ‘toilet mastectomy’ and a broadened surgical approach to the asymptomatic patient. When viewed in parallel with evolving concepts in cancer biology, these data reflect a change in the traditional approach to patients with MBC and warrant further investigation. Cancer 2008. ©2008 American Cancer Society.
Proxy perspectives regarding end‐of‐life care for persons with cancer
Authors: Bakitas Marie , Ahles Tim A. , Skalla Karen , Brokaw Frances C. , Byock Ira , Hanscom Brett , Lyons Kathleen Doyle , Hegel Mark T.
Published: February 2008

BACKGROUND

Each year, greater than a half million people die of cancer in the U.S. Despite progress in increasing access to palliative oncology services, end‐of‐life care still needs improvement. Measuring the quality of the end‐of‐life experience is difficult because of patient debility and reduced consciousness as death approaches. Family proxies have been proposed as valuable informants regarding the quality of end‐of‐life care. This article describes family proxy perspectives concerning care at the end of life in patients who died of advanced cancer.

METHODS

In the context of a novel outpatient palliative care demonstration project, 125 family proxy respondents completed a structured survey by telephone 3 months to 6 months after the patient's death from breast, lung, or gastrointestinal cancer. Four key quality of care indicators were measured: decision‐making and physician communication, location of death, hospice involvement, and end‐of‐life symptoms.

RESULTS

Proxies reported that 78% to 81% of patients completed at least 1 form of advance directive and approximately half of them were helpful in guiding care. Communication with physicians regarding end‐of‐life treatment wishes occurred in 67% of cases, but only 57% of the patients actually made a plan with their physician to ensure that their wishes were followed. The majority of patients died in their location of choice, most often at home, and greater than half had hospice involvement for an average of 41.8 days before death. During the last week of life, the majority of patients experienced troublesome physical and emotional symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS

Measurement of proxy perspectives is feasible as an indicator of the quality of end‐of‐life care, and the results of the current study provide actionable data for areas of improvement in palliative oncology care. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
An Acoustically Driven Microliter Flow Chamber on a Chip (μFCC) for Cell–Cell and Cell–Surface Interaction Studies
Authors: Schneider Matthias F. , Guttenberg Zeno , Schneider Stefan W. , Sritharan Kumudesh , Myles Vanessa M. , Pamukci Umut , Wixforth Achim
Published: February 2008

A novel method for pumping very small volumes of liquid by using surface acoustic waves is employed to create a microfluidic flow chamber on a chip. It holds a volume of only a few μl and its planar design provides complete architectural freedom. This allows for the reconstruction of even complex flow scenarios (e.g. curvatures, bifurcations and stenosis). Addition of polymer walls to the planar fluidic track enables cell culturing on the chip surface and the investigation of cell–cell adhesion dynamics under flow. We demonstrate the flexibility of the system for application in many areas of microfluidic investigations including blood clotting phenomena under various flow conditions and the investigation of different stages of cell adhesion.
A yEGFP‐based reporter system for high‐throughput yeast two‐hybrid assay by flow cytometry
Authors: Chen Jun , Zhou Jianhong , Bae Weon , Sanders Claire K. , Nolan John P. , Cai Hong
Published: February 2008

The yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) assay is a widely used method to study protein–protein interactions, a major objective in postgenome research. Despite the tremendous utility of the Y2H assay, several issues including accuracy, speed, automation, and cost‐effectiveness limit its application in high‐throughput analysis. We have created an improved Y2H assay reporter system by integrating the codon‐optimized yeast enhanced green fluorescent protein (yEGFP) gene into the ADE2 locus of the AH109 yeast strain and evaluated reporter expression using the strong and weak triggers via flow cytometry. We also performed flow cytometry‐based Y2H assays in liquid cultures as well as in a cDNA library screening. We have shown that yEGFP, but not EGFP, is a sensitive Y2H reporter for flow cytometric detection. We also show that this yEGFP‐based Y2H could be easily adapted to high‐throughput format without conventional agar plating. Moreover, our data demonstrate that this system can be used for cDNA library screening. We have developed sensitive and efficient flow cytometry‐based Y2H assay system that is well suited for large‐scale protein–protein interaction identification and characterization. When compared with the conventional plate and filter membrane‐based nutrient and colorimetric analysis, our flow cytometric assay offers convenient, quantitative, and faster reporter analysis compatible with existing liquid handling robots. © 2008 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Automated gating of flow cytometry data via robust model‐based clustering
Authors: Lo Kenneth , Brinkman Ryan Remy , Gottardo Raphael
Published: February 2008

The capability of flow cytometry to offer rapid quantification of multidimensional characteristics for millions of cells has made this technology indispensable for health research, medical diagnosis, and treatment. However, the lack of statistical and bioinformatics tools to parallel recent high‐throughput technological advancements has hindered this technology from reaching its full potential. We propose a flexible statistical model‐based clustering approach for identifying cell populations in flow cytometry data based ont‐mixture models with a Box–Cox transformation. This approach generalizes the popular Gaussian mixture models to account for outliers and allow for nonelliptical clusters. We describe an Expectation‐Maximization (EM) algorithm to simultaneously handle parameter estimation and transformation selection. Using two publicly available datasets, we demonstrate that our proposed methodology provides enough flexibility and robustness to mimic manual gating results performed by an expert researcher. In addition, we present results from a simulation study, which show that this new clustering framework gives better results in terms of robustness to model misspecification and estimation of the number of clusters, compared to the popular mixture models. The proposed clustering methodology is well adapted to automated analysis of flow cytometry data. It tends to give more reproducible results, and helps reduce the significant subjectivity and human time cost encountered in manual gating analysis. © 2008 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Association of 5‐HTT gene polymorphism, platelet MAO activity, and drive for thinness in a population‐based sample of adolescent girls
Authors: Akkermann Kirsti , Paaver Marika , Nordquist Niklas , Oreland Lars , Harro Jaanus
Published: February 2008

Objective:

Several lines of evidence suggest that alterations in serotonergic activity contribute to the pathophysiology of abnormal eating behaviors. Since platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and the 5‐HT transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5‐HTTLPR) have been associated with eating disorders, the knowledge from a population‐based sample may provide useful information which changes in 5‐HT function observed in eating disorders represent trait vs. state effects.

Method:

The sample was based on both cohorts of the Estonian Children Personality, Behavior and Health Study (ECPBHS). The current study was conducted during the second follow‐up where altogether 82% from the original sample was recruited. EDI‐2 subscales—Drive for Thinness and Bulimia—were used to determine eating attitudes and behaviors. Platelet MAO activity was measured and the participants were genotyped for the 5‐HTTLPR.

Results:

Allelic variation of 5‐HTTLPR or platelet MAO activity were not independently associated with drive for thinness or binge eating, but girls homozygous for the 5‐HTTLPR long allele and with high platelet MAO activity, both considered indicators of a higher capacity 5‐HT system, exhibited higher scores of drive for thinness.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that drive for thinness is the highest in girls with the presence of two markers of higher serotonergic capacity. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Reactions of Pendant Boryl Groups in Cp–Metal Complexes: Heterocyclic Ring Annelation in a CpIr System
Authors: Herrmann Christoph , Kehr Gerald , Fröhlich Roland , Erker Gerhard
Published: February 2008

Treatment of (cod)IrCl dimer with Li(allyl)cyclopentadienide gave (C5H4–CH2–CH=CH2)Ir(cod) (11). At 100 °C, 11 isomerizes cleanly into its ring‐conjugated (trans‐CH3–CH=CH–C5H4)Ir(cod) isomer (13). Subsequent addition of HB(C6F5)2 results in the formation of a product (16) that contains an annelated five‐membered borata heterocycle at the Cp ring. This is probably formed by means of a reaction sequence involving regioselective hydroboration, followed by an electrophilic substitution reaction at the Cp ring by the strongly Lewis acidic –B(C6F5)2 group, in which the iridium metal base acts as the proton abstractor. Products 13 and 16 were characterized by X‐ray diffraction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Structural Control of (Arylimido)vanadium(V) Compounds through π Conjugation
Authors: Moriuchi Toshiyuki , Beppu Tomohiko , Ishino Kenta , Nishina Masafumi , Hirao Toshikazu
Published: February 2008

(Arylimido)triethanolaminatovanadium(V) compounds, [V(p‐RC6H4N)(TEA)] (R = NMe2, OMe, Me, H, Cl, Br, CN), were synthesised by ligand exchange reaction of the corresponding (arylimido)triisopropoxidovanadium(V) complexes, [V(OiPr)3(p‐RC6H4N)], which were prepared by the reaction of VO(OiPr)3 with various p‐substituted aryl isocyanates without solvent. Structural characterisation of the (arylimido)triethanolaminatovanadium(V) products was carried out bysingle‐crystal X‐ray diffraction in order to elucidate the substituent effect on the imido structures, in which the imido structures were found to be controlled through π conjugation by the para substituents of the aryl moieties. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis and Crystal Structure Investigations of Trivalent Rare Earth (Y3+, Nd3+, Er3+) Thienyl‐Substituted Methoxides
Authors: Veith Michael , Belot Céline , Guyard Laurent , Huch Volker , Knorr Michael , Zimmer Michael
Published: February 2008

The synthesis and structural characterization of rare earth alkoxides with thiophene‐based substituents are presented. Monomeric metal thienylmethoxides have been prepared by aminolysis reactions between M[N(SiMe3)2]3 (M = Y3+, Nd3+, Er3+) and the structurally characterized tertiary alcohols HO–C(C4H3S)3 (1) or HO–C(C8H5S2)3 (2). The metal alkoxide derivatives of these thiophene‐substituted alcohols have been isolated as air‐sensitive base adducts, their molecular structures being investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The coordination spheres around the metal centres are distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal for the yttrium thienylmethoxides Y[OC(C4H3S)3]3(thf)2 (3a), {Y[OC(C4H3S)3]3(thf)2}·toluene (3b), Y[OC(C4H3S)3]3(py)2 (4a), {Y[OC(C4H3S)3]3(py)2}·toluene (4b) and Y[OC(C8H5S2)3]3(thf)2 (5). An almost tetrahedral geometry has been detected for Er[OC(C8H5S2)3]3(thf) (9), whereas an approximately octahedral geometry was found for {Nd[OC(C4H3S)3]3(thf)3}·thf (6), {Nd[OC(C8H5S2)3]3(thf)3}·4thf (7) and Er[OC(C4H3S)3]3(thf)3 (8). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of Biologically Active Guaianolides with a trans‐Annulated Lactone Moiety
Authors: Schall Andreas , Reiser Oliver
Published: February 2008

The biosynthetic pathways of sesquiterpene lactones are described in conjunction with recent developments in the total syntheses of various biologically active guaianolides. Different strategies towards the 5,7,5‐membered ring system are highlighted. Oxidative diol cleavages, aldol reactions, and intramolecular cyclopropanations were used as key reactions to construct the racemic guaianolide core system. Radical cyclizations, as well as ring closing metathesis, were successfully applied in asymmetric approaches. Biomimetic reactions were also applied as versatile tools for the construction of these highly complex natural products.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of Formacetal‐Linked Dinucleotides to Facilitate dsDNA Bending and Binding to the Homeodomain of Pax6
Authors: Pitulescu Marian , Grapp Marcel , Krätzner Ralph , Knepel Willhart , Diederichsen Ulf
Published: February 2008

Two formacetal‐linked dinucleotides TT and TA were synthesized as phosphoramidite building blocks for solid‐phase synthesis. Incorporated in a 29‐mer DNA, the oligomers P3TT and P3TA were studied with respect to the binding activity towards the Pax6 homeodomain. Substitution of the negatively charged phosphodiester by a neutral formacetal linker facilitates the bent conformation of double‐stranded DNA. The duplex stability was affected more significantly by the TT formacetal modification, whereas destabilization induced by TA was less pronounced. Based on CD spectroscopy, the TA formacetal‐modified oligomer P3TA has mainly B‐DNA topology, whereas the P3TT modified oligomer significantly deviated from B‐form DNA. The binding affinity of the P3 oligomer towards Pax6 HD was investigated by in vitro EMSA experiments providing even a small increase in binding affinity for the P3TT oligomer. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Self‐Assembly of Dinuclear Double‐ and Triple‐Stranded Helicates from Bis(bipyridine) Ligands Derived from Tröger's Base Analogues
Authors: Kiehne Ulf , Weilandt Torsten , Lützen Arne
Published: February 2008

Based on the rigid and V‐shaped structure of Tröger's base, several dissymmetrical bis(bipyridine) ligands with both rigid and flexible spacer units have been synthesized, and their self‐assembly to double‐ and triple‐stranded helicates upon coordination to late transition metal ions has been investigated by NMR spectroscopic and ESI mass spectrometricmeans.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Analysis of overvoltages in windings of power transformers protected by use of metal oxide surge arresters
Authors: Furgał Jakub
Published: February 2008

Electrical devices are protected against overvoltages by the usage of metal oxide surge arresters. The issue of the paper is an analysis of overvoltage risks of internal insulation systems of transformers protected by such arresters. The analysis is based on the results of computer simulations of overvoltages made by using of a mathematical model of a system: the transformer–surge arresters. The model of the system includes the chosen mathematical model of surge arresters and the numerical model with lumped parameters of the transformer windings. Parameters of the models are frequency dependent. Calculations were made for lightning and switching overvoltages. The results of simulations were compared to the results of calculations for the transformer protected by use of lightning arresters. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case‐based reasoning approach to power transformer fault diagnosis using dissolved gas analysis data
Authors: Qian Z. , Gao W. S , Wang F. , Yan Z.
Published: February 2008

A synthetic diagnosis approach based on case‐based reasoning is presented to diagnose incipient fault of power transformer. First, the base case bank is established according to the characteristics of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) of transformer oil. Based on different artificial intelligence techniques, three kinds of case searching method are adopted to retrieve the set of base cases, which the symptom of every retrieved case is similar to that of suspected transformer to some extent. And then a synthetic estimation method is presented to achieve the optimal base case for all retrieved base cases. Since similar symptoms may be induced by the same kind of faults, the diagnosis conclusion of suspected transformer could be drawn by the similar degree comparison between the optimal case and the suspected transformer. The application results show that the method has higher reliability and is more practical for the transformer incipient fault diagnosis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A legislative overview of No Child Left Behind
Authors: Mills Jack I.
Published: February 2008

No Child Left Behind (NCLB), the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, was passed in 2002. This legislation broadly states federal policy regarding education and is situated within the historical context of Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs. Like any federal legislation, NCLB consists of the legislation itself but also the procedures established by the U.S. Department of Education and interpretations of the legislation at the local education‐authority level. The author describes two of the four pillars of the legislation most relevant for evaluators: accountability requirements and application of rigorous scientific research. With the impending reauthorization of NCLB, possible changes to the legislation are discussed. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using evaluation data to strike a balance between stakeholders and accountability systems
Authors: Schmitt Lisa N. T. , Whitsett Maria Defino
Published: February 2008

A district evaluator in a large Texas district examines new challenges arising since implementation of No Child Left Behind, relating to (1) navigating competing requirements in state and federal accountability systems; (2) evaluating effectiveness of sanctions districts are required to address; (3) using scientifically based research (SBR) to select effective programs and interventions; and (4) initiating SBR given high student mobility, inefficient data‐management systems, and competing priorities of local schools. This chapter details these challenges for district‐level evaluators and highlights how they can implement processes that strike a balance between supporting decision making and conducting rigorous evaluation. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of scientific research and evaluation on publishing educational curriculum
Authors: Baughman Marcy
Published: February 2008

Prior to the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, scientific research to support development of curriculum materials or to demonstrate curricular efficacy was not required. NCLB transformed the development and publishing process for K–12 educational materials by prompting publishers to increase funding for experimentally based research on educational products used in schools. To maintain a viable place in the market, textbook publishers have faced challenges such as difficulty in conducting experimental research in schools, coordination with states' proposed curriculum adoption cycles, and use of limited resources to meet the needs of many more stakeholders in the new accountability framework. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Challenges and opportunities revealed by the impact of No Child Left Behind on evaluation as a discipline
Authors: Eddy Rebecca M. , Berry Tiffany
Published: February 2008

The field of evaluation faces a number of serious challenges in light of No Child Left Behind legislation, among them feasibility, resources, and blurring lines among research, evaluation, and assessment. At the same time, these challenges open the door for opportunities in evaluation. Now more than ever, the expertise of evaluators is needed and the demand for well‐prepared evaluators has increased. The external demands of this legislation on evaluation practice suggest multiple opportunities for research on evaluation that will extend knowledge within the discipline of evaluation. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonlinear Position Control of a Scissor‐like Kinematics with Elastic Bodies
Authors: Ast Alexandra , Eberhard Peter
Published: February 2008

Parallel kinematics such as the described machine tools with scissor‐like kinematics present as nonlinear mechanical and strongly coupled systems with flexible bodies new challenges in the design and control of machine tools. Linear and independently controlled drives become infeasible due to the parallel setup, machine vibrations become important because lightweight designs are used. Advanced nonlinear and multi‐variable control methods show the potential to significantly increase the system performance. Furthermore, flexible multibody system models are a powerful tool for the controller design and evaluation in simulations. In this paper, a rigid as well as a flexible multibody system model of a test machine with scissorlike kinematics is developed. Experimental results with the machine prove that the developed nonlinear flatness‐based position controller is able to reduce the trajectory error significantly and that is is possible to achieve an adequate system performance with a nonlinear algorithm in a standard control setup for machine tools. Simulation results with the flexible multibody system further accentuate the need for additional measures such as active vibration damping if flexibilities and process forces are present in the system. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Copy number alterations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and their association with minimal residual disease
Authors: Steinemann Doris , Cario Gunnar , Stanulla Martin , Karawajew Leonid , Tauscher Marcel , Weigmann Anja , Göhring Gudrun , Ludwig Wolf‐Dieter , Harbott Jochen , Radlwimmer Bernhard , Bartram Claus , Lichter Peter , Schrappe Martin , Schlegelberger Brigitte
Published: February 2008

In vivo response to initial therapy, as assessed by determination of minimal residual disease (MRD) after 5 and 12 weeks of treatment, has evolved as a strong prognostic factor in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated according to the BFM regime. Individual treatment response may be influenced by copy number alterations (CNA) leading to altered gene expression. We aimed to evaluate CNA using high‐resolution array‐comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) in different treatment‐response groups. Leukemic genomic profiles of 25 standard risk (MRD‐SR) and 25 high risk (MRD‐HR) patients were compared. CNAs were found in 46/50 patients (92%). The most significant difference was a gain of 1q23‐qter because of an unbalanced t(1;19), found in 10/25 MRD‐SR patients, but in none of the MRD‐HR patients (P < 0.001). The most frequent CNAs in the MRD‐HR group were deletions of genomic regions harboring the immunoglobulin genes (Ig), e.g., 2p11.2 in 60% of MRD‐HR compared to 28% of MRD‐SR (P = 0.045). Combining all Ig loci, significantly more MRD‐HR than MRD‐SR patients displayed deletions (17:8 patients, P = 0.02). Frequency of other CNAs, such as loss of 9p21 or gains of 21q, did not differ strongly between the two patient groups. This is the first study evaluating the clinical significance of CNA as detected by array‐CGH in childhood ALL and the first to suggest that such analyses may provide clinically important data. This article contains supplementary material available via the Internet at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frontotemporal dementia––a clinically complex diagnosis
Authors: Rosness Tor Atle , Haugen Per Kristian , Passant Ulla , Engedal Knut
Published: February 2008

Objective

To compare the time taken to establish a clinical diagnosis of Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) relative to a diagnosis of early onset Alzheimer's dementia (AD).

Methods

The data came from 89 patients under the age of 65 years, 52 of whom met the Manchester‐Lund criteria for Frontotemporal dementia; 20 of these came from Lund University Hospital in Sweden. The other 32 patients with FTD along with 37 subjects who fulfilled the ICD‐10 criteria for early onset Alzheimer's disease were recruited from four memory clinics and two neurology departments in Norway.

Results

For FTD patients in Norway it took 59.2 months (SD 36.1) from the onset of illness until a clinical FTD diagnosis was made. The corresponding time period for FTD patients in Sweden is 49.5 months (SD 24.5) and for AD patients in Norway 39.1 months (SD 19.9). The time from the first visit to a medical doctor until a diagnosis was made for the FTD patients in Norway was 34.5 months (SD 22.6), for the Swedish FTD patients 23.1 months (SD 22.4) and for the AD patients 25.9 months (SD 13.1). In all, 71% of FTD patients and 30% of AD patients initially received a non‐dementia diagnosis.

Conclusion

More knowledge about early presenting cognitive and behavioural signs of FTD is needed in both primary and secondary health care to reduce the time period needed to establish a clinical diagnosis of FTD. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stopping antipsychotic drug therapy in demented nursing home patients: a randomized, placebo‐controlled study––The Bergen District Nursing Home Study (BEDNURS)
Authors: Ruths Sabine , Straand Jørund , Nygaard Harald A. , Aarsland Dag
Published: February 2008

Background

Despite modest efficacy, unpredictable individual utility, and a high rate of adverse effects, behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common determinants for antipsychotic drug therapy in nursing home patients.

Aims

To explore the impact on BPSD of stopping long‐term antipsychotic treatment in nursing home patients with dementia.

Methods

Fifty‐five patients (43 women; mean age 84.1) taking haloperidol, risperidone, or olanzapine for BPSD were randomly assigned to cessation (intervention group, n = 27) or continued treatment with antipsychotic drugs (reference group, n = 28) for 4 consecutive weeks. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) Questionnaire was used to examine changes in behavioural and psychological symptoms.

Results

By study completion, 23 of the 27 intervention group patients were still off antipsychotics. Symptom scores (NPI) remained stable or even improved in 42 patients (intervention group, 18 out of 27; reference group, 24 out of 28; p = 0.18). As compared to patients with stable or improved symptom scores, patients with behavioural deterioration after antipsychotic cessation used higher daily drug doses at baseline (p = 0.42).

Conclusion

A large share of elderly nursing home patients on long‐term treatment with antipsychotics for BPSD, do well without this treatment. Standardized symptom evaluations and drug cessation attempts should therefore be undertaken at regular intervals. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive factors for failure to identify sentinel nodes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hornstra Marije T. , Alkureishi Lee W. T. , Ross Gary L. , Shoaib Taimur , Soutar David S.
Published: February 2008

Background

The aim of this study was to ascertain which factors determine success of sentinel node biopsy (SNB).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of 121 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma undergoing SNB to stage the neck. All patients underwent the triple‐diagnostic procedure of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative blue dye, and a gamma probe. Factors contributing to failure of SNB were identified.

Results

SNB was unsuccessful in 12 of 121 patients (10%). Seven of the 12 patients had cT1/cT2 tumors, and 6 of these were located in the floor of mouth. SN identification was more likely to be successful in patients with cN0 necks, but this did not reach statistical significance (92% vs 84%, p = .268). Factors associated with failure included T classification (p = .01), tumor site (p = .05), and negative preoperative lymphoscintigraphy (p = .0174).

Conclusion

Successful sentinel lymph node harvest is related to primary tumor site, T classification, and the presence of nodes on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Primary laryngeal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma—Report of a rare case
Authors: Monobe Hiroko , Nakashima Masato , Tominaga Kunihiko
Published: February 2008

Background

Natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma involving the larynx is a rare entity, and its clinical picture has not been described.

Methods and Results

A 73‐year‐old man had a granulomatous tumor involving the larynx. Multiple biopsies over 1 year were needed to reach an accurate diagnosis of NK/T‐cell lymphoma. This patient died of the disease despite the use of chemotherapy.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of primary laryngeal NK/T‐cell that illustrates its clinical picture. In the early stage of the disease, this type of tumor can present as granulous tumor‐like lesion without a definite destructive lesion. This tumor type should be kept in mind in tumors that are difficult to diagnose, especially in Asian populations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008