bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Policy Integration for Sustainable Development through Multilateral Environmental Agreements
Authors: Azizi Dona , Biermann Frank , Kim Rakhyun E.
Published: May 2020

Over the past three decades, policy integration has become a key objective for guiding and harmonizing policies for sustainable development. Most recently, the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals have added new impetus to efforts of integrating competing objectives of environmental sustainability, social development, and economic growth, as well as of integrating issue-specific environmental policies on climate change and terrestrial and marine biodiversity. While multilateral environmental agreements are important international instruments for achieving sustainable development, there has been little focus so far on their contribution to policy integration. Covering the years from 2007 to 2016, this article presents an empirical analysis of sustainability policy integration (i.e., how multilateral environmental agreements integrate environmental, social, and economic issues in their decisions) and environmental policy integration (i.e., the outreach of multilateral environmental agreements to different environmental issue areas beyond their mandate). The analysis finds that multilateral environmental agreements have not moved toward further policy integration over the studied period. If policy and institutional coherence is a key global governance target in the post-2015 era, a concerted effort will be required to improve the extent of policy integration by multilateral environmental agreements.
The Hashtag Game: Disrupting Dissent during the Bersih 4 Protest
Authors: Azlan Nurul Azreen
Published: May 2020

This paper demonstrates how protest tactics, such as the use of hashtags, can be co-opted by counter-protesters, as evidenced by how the cybertroopers operated against the Bersih 4 protest in 2015. This is achieved via focusing the analysis on how geographic places were communicated on Twitter around the time of the protest. The Bersih movement in Malaysia is an example of how a digital-savvy social movement organisation (SMO) operates in a hybrid regime. In this paper, I explore a form of reaction that, on the surface, appeared to be a bottom-up initiative against the Bersih movement. Based on the fieldwork conducted around the Bersih 4 protest in 2015, I focus on place mentions on Twitter to detect the cybertroopers who attempted to disrupt the discussion and narrative through the use of hashtags.
Pseudodactylaria fusiformis sp. nov. from freshwater habitat in China

Authors: LU YONG-ZHONG , ZHANG JING-YI , LIN CHUAN-GEN , LUO ZONG-LONG , LIU JIAN-KUI (JACK)
Published: May 2020

Pseudodactylaria fusiformis sp. nov. was collected during an investigation of freshwater fungi along a north-south latitudinal gradient in the Asian region. Evidence for the new species is provided by morphological comparison and sequence data analysis. Pseudodactylaria fusiformis differs from other species in having hyaline conidiophores and fusiform, 0–1-septate hyaline conidia without a sheath. Phylogenetic analysis based on combined ITS and LSU sequence data was carried out to determine the phylogenetic placement of the species. Six Pseudodactylaria taxa clustered together and formed a monotypic clade representing the genus, and five species are well recognized. Pseudodactylaria fusiformis and P. camporesiana share a sister relationship and they are phylogenetically distinct species. A detailed description and illustration are provided, as well as the comparisons with similar taxa.
Lonicericola fuyuanensis (Parabambusicolaceae) a new terrestrial pleosporalean ascomycete from Yunnan Province, China

Authors: YASANTHIKA ERANDI , DISSANAYAKE LAKMALI S. , WANASINGHE DHANUSHKA N. , KARUNARATHNA SAMANTHA C. , MORTIMER PETER E. , SAMARAKOON BINU C. , MONKAI JUTAMART , HYDE KEVIN D.
Published: May 2020

A new species of terrestrial ascomycetes belonging to the genus Lonicericola (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) found on dead branches of Caprifolioideae sp. in Yunnan Province, China is described and illustrated. A new classification is proposed to accommodate the new taxon based on the interpreted results from multigenic phylogenetic inference and micro morphological comparisons. The analysis of a combined SSU, LSU, ITS rDNA and tef1 dataset significantly supports both the shared monophyletic origin of Lonicericola in Parabambusicolaceae as well as L. fuyuanensis as a distinct new species. Comparisons of the distinct morphology of the new species L. fuyuanensis with the type species of the genus, L. hyaloseptispora, and other genera of the family Parabambusicolaceae are made.
Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae)

Authors: CHEN JUNHAO , WONG KHOON MENG
Published: May 2020

As part of a revision of Timonius in Borneo, the types of all relevant names were evaluated. Lectotypes are designated for 14 names in Timonius, including synonyms for accepted names. An erroneous original type citation is corrected and the nomenclatural history of a few names is clarified.
A new combination and an updated identification key for Rhabdocaulon and the differences from Hoehnea (Lamiaceae, Nepetoideae, Mentheae, Menthinae)

Authors: BRÄUCHLER CHRISTIAN
Published: May 2020

A new combination for the recently described Hoehnea grandiflora Funez & Hassemer (2018: 160) is porposed in Rhabdocaulon (Bentham, 1834: 411) Epling (1936: 134). Characters distinguishing Rhabdocaulon and Hoehnea Epling in Epling & Stewart (1939: 8)  are outlined and an updated identification key is provided for Rhabdocaulon.
Catalogue of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from Vorarlberg (Austria)
Authors: SCHATZ HEINRICH
Published: May 2020

A checklist of the oribatid mites from Vorarlberg (Austria) which covers all published records and hitherto unpublished results of additional collecting is presented. Several species are revised, doubtful and erroneous records from previous publications are discussed and corrected. At present a total of 327 described species are known from Vorarlberg, complemented by three subspecific taxa and two undetermined or undescribed species, altogether from 61 families. A total of 96 species (including 3 subspecific taxa) are newly reported from Vorarlberg, among them 16 species are new records for Austria. The compilation includes the occurrence of each species in different vegetation units and habitats of Vorarlberg, their known distribution in Austria and the neighbouring Alps, Switzerland and Southern Germany, as well as their general distribution. Occasional additional remarks give taxonomic and other information. A historical overview of the exploration of the oribatid mites in Vorarlberg is outlined. The general distribution of the oribatid mite fauna of Vorarlberg is analysed. Remarkable results are, among others, the findings of some mostly rare species which were described by Schweizer and Mahunka & Mahunka-Papp from Switzerland as well as species restricted to the Alps, mainly in higher montane regions.
New Modified and Extended Stability Functions for the Stable Boundary Layer based on SHEBA and Parametrizations of Bulk Transfer Coefficients for Climate Models
Authors: Gryanik Vladimir M. , Lüpkes Christof , Grachev Andrey , Sidorenko Dmitry
Published: May 2020

Climate models still have deficits in reproducing the surface energy and momentum budgets in Arctic regions. One of the reasons is that currently used transfer coefficients occurring in parameterizations of the turbulent fluxes are based on stability functions derived from measurements over land and not over sea ice. An improved parameterization is developed using the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) and corresponding stability functions that reproduce measurements over sea ice obtained during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) campaign. The new stability functions for the stable surface layer represent a modification of earlier ones also based on SHEBA measurements. It is shown that the new functions are superior to the former ones with respect to the representation of the measured relationship between the MOST stability parameter and the bulk Richardson number. Nevertheless, the functions fulfill the same criteria of applicability as the earlier functions and contain, as an extension, a dependence on the neutral-limit turbulent Prandtl number. Applying the new functions we develop an efficient noniterative parameterization of the near-surface turbulent fluxes of momentum and heat with transfer coefficients as a function of the bulk Richardson number (Rib) and roughness parameters. A hierarchy of transfer coefficients is recommended for weather and climate models. They agree better with SHEBA data for strong stability (Rib > 0.1) than previous parameterizations and they agree well with those based on the Businger–Dyer functions in the range Rib ≤ 0.1.
Herbal Drug EPs 7630 versus Amoxicillin in Patients with Uncomplicated Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis: A Randomized, Open-Label Study
Authors: Perić Aleksandar , Gaćeša Dejan , Barać Aleksandra , Sotirović Jelena , Perić Aneta V.
Published: May 2020

Objective:

Previous investigations suggest the use of extract from the root of Pelargonium sidoides (EPs 7630) for the therapy of uncomplicated acute upper airway inflammations, due to its strong antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effect. We aimed to compare clinical efficacy, safety and bactericidal effect of EPs 7630 and amoxicillin monotherapy in treatment of patients with mild to moderate acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS).

Methods:

Fifty ABRS patients were divided into two groups by randomization. Group 1 (n = 25) received EPs 7630 tablets, 3 × 20 mg/day per os for 10 days. Group 2 (n = 25) received amoxicillin tablets 3 × 500 mg/day per os, for 10 days. We assessed total symptom score (TSS), individual symptom scores for each symptom (nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, postnasal drip, facial pain/pressure, loss of the sense of smell), endoscopic findings, including total endoscopic score (TES) and individual endoscopic signs (mucosal edema, mucopurulent secretion), before and after treatment. Samples of discharge taken from the middle meatus of all patients were cultivated for bacteria before and after therapy.

Results:

Higher absolute improvement after treatment was found for TSS, nasal obstruction, facial pain/pressure, impaired sense of smell, TES, mucosal edema and mucopurulent secretion in EPs 7630 group compared to amoxicillin group ( P < .001 for all parameters). However, there were no differences in absolute improvement of rhinorrhea score and postnasal drip score between groups ( P = .248; P = .679, respectively). Fewer types of bacteria grew on culture from middle meatal samples in EPs 7630 group compared to amoxicillin group. There were no reported adverse events from patients from either group.

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrated better clinical and antimicrobial efficacy of EPs 7630 than amoxicillin. EPs 7630 was shown as a potent agent and good alternative to antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated ABRS.
Reliability prediction of further transit service based on support vector machine
Authors: Gu Xiaoning , Chen Chao , Yang Yunong , Miao Xingzhi , Yao Baozhen
Published: May 2020

The requirement for transit reliability grows with the increase of pace of life since unstable bus arrivals can raise the anxiety of waiting passengers. This paper proposes a reliability assessment method to evaluate the reliability of each bus stop on the route and the reliability of bus routes. In reliability prediction, the prediction target is locked by rolling horizon to reduce the interference of other information. In addition, a prediction method of the reliability of further transit service using the accurate online support vector machine is proposed. This prediction can provide more accurate and stable data for the arrival of buses and reduce unnecessary waiting of passengers. Finally, the reliability prediction method proposed is tested with the real data of a bus route in Dalian, China. The results show that the accurate online support vector machine with reasonable parameters can predict the reliability of transit service accurately.
Point-to-point motion control for flexible crane systems working in the deep sea
Authors: Wang Yue , Sun Ning , Wu Yiming , Chen Xinwei , Fang Yongchun
Published: May 2020

At present, marine resources, especially the deep-sea resources, are becoming more and more important in resource exploitation globally, and hence, widely used deep-sea cranes are playing essential roles. For such systems, the bridge frames and trolleys are set up above the water, while payloads are transported under the water. In this underwater situation, there exist hydrodynamic forces such as complicated disturbances to the crane systems, making the payload vibration and rope flexibility more obvious. For the sake of improving working efficiency, considering the constraints of all the state variables, an anti-vibration trajectory is designed for the trolley motion, which can not only ensure trolley positioning but also suppress the flexible payload’s vibrations. Then, the state variables are constrained within preset safety ranges. Finally, numerical simulation results prove the satisfactory performance of the designed method.
Fighting Corruption While Having Hands Tied: A Case Study of Thailand’s Public Sector Anti-Corruption Commission
Authors: Prateeppornnarong Dhiyathad
Published: May 2020

Grounded in 41 semi-structured interviews, this article examines the extent to which the complaints system under regulatory oversight of the Public Sector Anti-Corruption Commission (PACC) in Thailand has been effective for addressing corruption complaints. The present article revisits the theoretical arguments of the structural school and the reputational school over agency independence, deploying such arguments to analyze the way in which de facto independence of the anti-corruption agencies (ACAs) operating in a highly politicized environment can be protected. The analysis finds that a high level of legal independence is the best possible way to safeguard de facto independence, enhancing the overall effectiveness of the ACAs working in highly politicized countries. In addition, the empirical findings suggest that a low level of legal independence, a lack of prosecution power, inadequate qualified staffing, and the absence of meaningful public participation are the core factors contributing to the ineffectiveness of the PACC system.
Compressed Development of Outward Foreign Direct Investment: New Challenges to the Chinese Government
Authors: Li Dongkun , Zhang Yang
Published: May 2020

Unlike the conventional understanding of China’s outward foreign direct investment, we found that the pattern of compressed development better reflects China’s outward foreign direct investment in the 21st century. The compressed development of Chinese outward foreign direct investment is characterized by a much higher growth rate than that of earlier industrializers and greater structural changes in types of investment, investors and destination countries. These changes result in new challenges to the Chinese government in dealing with domestic and foreign actors. Nevertheless, these challenges also create incentives for the Chinese government to improve how it interacts with Chinese investors and regulates their investment behavior.
Charter School Regulation as a Disproportionate Barrier to Entry
Authors: Kingsbury Ian , Maranto Robert , Karns Nik
Published: May 2020

In response to concerns regarding school quality, state policy-makers reformed their charter school authorization processes to impose greater regulatory barriers to chartering. These barriers to market entry could impose substantial burdens for Black and Latino would-be charter operators, as well as independent operators, who may lack access to social and financial capital. We test these hypotheses by comparing application outcomes from states with high and low levels of charter regulation, as measured by the National Association of Charter School Authorizers. Empirical analyses indicate that independent and Black and Latino applicants are disproportionately and negatively impacted by increasing regulation.
Does the monocentric model work in a polycentric urban system? An examination of German metropolitan regions
Authors: Schmidt Stephan , Krehl Angelika , Fina Stefan , Siedentop Stefan
Published: May 2020

In explaining the determinants of urban spatial structure, researchers have relied on the traditional monocentric ‘Alonso-Mills-Muth’ model. This article contributes to this discussion by testing the viability of the monocentric model when applied to metropolitan areas in Germany, a country traditionally associated with a polycentric urban structure, regional differences and urban shrinkage. We estimate the model with a unique dataset covering 92 metropolitan areas over two time periods (2000 and 2014), which allows estimation in both a cross-sectional and a panel framework. Using spatial and panel regression techniques, we test whether the underlying determinants of urbanisation vary according to factors unique to the German context, including the roles of historical geography, regional polycentricism and urban shrinkage. We found that, similar to the US studies, the model performed reasonably well, particularly with the overall fit and the performance of the population variable, which was significant and positively related to urbanised area. Personal income and land prices showed mixed results, and the coefficients for transportation costs proved to be challenging. We also found that regional geography matters: a region in eastern Germany is smaller than one in the west. A proxy variable for regional polycentricity was not significant. Finally, we found that the model’s behaviour differs between growing and shrinking regions, most notably in the differing impacts that population change has on the change in urbanised area.
Pure perforator free sensory proximal ulnar artery perforator flap for resurfacing hand defects
Authors: Pan Jiadong , Li Miaozhong , Huang Yaopeng , Dong Jianghui , Wang Xin , Wang Liping
Published: May 2020

Objective

This prospective study was performed to investigate the distribution of proximal ulnar artery perforating vessels through three-dimensional blood vessel reconstruction and examine the presence and consistency of the perforating vessels intraoperatively.

Methods

For anatomical guidance, three-dimensional blood vessel reconstruction was performed to determine the consistent presence of perforating vessels in the proximal ulnar artery. A free proximal ulnar artery perforator flap was then transferred in 17 patients to resurface skin defects on the hands. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to identify and mark the perforating vessels. Intraoperative evaluation was conducted to check for anastomosis of the perforating vessels at the marked sites and assess the vessel anastomosis conditions.

Results

No vascular crisis, flap necrosis, or wound infection occurred after surgery in 15 patients. Postoperative follow-up was conducted for 6 to 36 months. The appearance of the flap was satisfactory, the texture of the flap was soft, sensation was well restored, and hand function was not limited. The mean two-point discrimination of the flap was 7.6 ± 2.2 mm.

Conclusions

Free sensory proximal ulnar artery perforator flap transfer is a safe and reliable surgical technique with respect to restoration of both the appearance and sensory function of the hand.
Efficiency of chemical versus mechanical disruption methods of DNA extraction for the identification of oral Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Li Xiaolan , Bosch-Tijhof Caroline J. , Wei Xi , de Soet Johannes J. , Crielaard Wim , Loveren Cor van , Deng Dong Mei
Published: May 2020

Objective

Clinical diagnostics often requires the detection of multiple bacterial species in limited clinical samples with a single DNA extraction method. This study aimed to compare the bacterial DNA extraction efficiency of two lysis methods automated with the MagNA-Pure LC instrument. The samples included five oral bacterial species (three Gram-positive and two Gram-negative) with or without human saliva background.

Methods

Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from bacterial cultures by bead-beating lysis (BMP) or chemical lysis (MP), followed by automated purification and measurement by quantitative PCR.

Results

For pure bacterial cultures, the MP method yielded higher quantities of extracted DNA and a lower detection limit than the BMP method, except where the samples contained high numbers of Gram-positive bacteria. For bacterial cultures with a saliva background, no difference in gDNA extraction efficacy was observed between the two methods.

Conclusions

The efficiency of a bacterial DNA extraction method is not only affected by the bacterial cell wall structure but also by the sample milieu. The MP method provided superior gDNA extraction efficiency when the samples contained a single bacterial species, whereas either of the BMP and MP methods could be applied with similar efficiencies to samples containing multiple species of bacteria.
Extreme lateral interbody fusion and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the minimally invasive treatment of thoracic tuberculosis
Authors: Deng Liang , Zhang Yuan-Wei , Xiong Liang-Yu , Zhang Su-Li , Ni Wen-Yan , Xiao Qiang
Published: May 2020

Objective

As a minimally invasive intervertebral fusion technique popularized in recent years, extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) has various advantages. In this study, we describe the application and efficacy of XLIF for the treatment of thoracic tuberculosis (TB), as this may be an emerging treatment option for thoracic TB in the future.

Methods

We present the case of a 75-year-old man who had suffered from chest and back pain for 1 month. Imaging studies showed destruction of the T12 and L1 vertebral bodies and the T12–L1 intervertebral disc, accompanied by formation of a paravertebral abscess. After 2 weeks of standard anti-TB treatment, the patient underwent debridement of the lesions, XLIF, and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation.

Results

The patient’s chest and back pain were significantly alleviated after the operation. The patient recovered well, and as of the most recent follow-up had no obvious limitation in thoracolumbar spine function.

Conclusions

XLIF combined with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of thoracic TB can allow for TB lesion debridement, discectomy, and interbody fusion under direct visualization, and can effectively improve patient prognosis.
Modeling Repeat DUI Offender Probation Outcomes Using the Wisconsin Risk Need Assessment
Authors: Frantzen Durant
Published: May 2020

This multiyear study of felony driving while intoxicated (DWI) probationers explores the efficacy of the Wisconsin Risk Need Assessment tool along with sociodemographic factors as measures of probation outcomes. To date, few studies have explored the relationship between risk assessment data and technical violations as well as subsequent arrests of individuals on probation. The sample for this study consists of 596 chronic DWI offenders on community supervision in one county who either had been rearrested for a new offense, violated a technical condition of their probation, or committed no violations within the first 5 years of community supervision. The findings are that older defendants and those who had more dependents were more likely to have committed a technical violation compared with the other two groups. Those rearrested for a new offense were slightly younger compared with the other two groups, less likely to be employed and younger at the age of first adjudication of guilt. This study highlights the limited overall utility of the Wisconsin tool in determining probation outcomes and that static factors may be as important as dynamic factors when developing a supervision strategy for chronic DWI offenders.
Geographies of the future: Prefigurative politics
Authors: Jeffrey Craig , Dyson Jane
Published: May 2020

This paper uses an examination of prefigurative politics – popularly imagined as ‘being the change you wish to see’ – to reflect on geographies of the future. We argue that prefigurative politics, which has become common since the mid-1990s, typically proceeds through multiple forms of improvisation. Successful prefigurative politics is usually institutionalised within organisations and movements and reshapes practices, discourses, and structures of power. We demonstrate how a focus on prefigurative politics can inform scholarship on the ‘anticipatory politics’ associated with dominant institutions and geographies of the future more broadly by highlighting ways in which people seek to enact visions of the future and illustrating the impact of these oppositional practices of future making. We argue that prefigurative politics could be a springboard for investigating means-ends alignment as a characteristic of political action and the present as a terrain of politics.
Exploring the Nonlinear Relationship between the Built Environment and Active Travel in the Twin Cities
Authors: Tao Tao , Wu Xinyi , Cao Jason , Fan Yingling , Das Kirti , Ramaswami Anu
Published: May 2020

Active travel is important to public health and the environment. Previous studies substantiate built environment influences active travel, but they seldom assess its overall contribution. Most of the studies assume that built environment characteristics have linear associations with active travel. This study uses Gradient Boosting Decision Trees to explore nonlinear relationships between the built environment and active travel in the Twin Cities. Collectively, the built environment has more predictive power for active travel than demographics, and parks, proximity to downtown, and transit access have important influences. The threshold effects of built environment variables help inform planning practice.
Network engineering education: Prospects for the implementation of the Worldwide CDIO Initiative in nuclear areas
Authors: Geraskin Nikolay I. , Krasnoborodko Andrey A. , Glebov Vasily B.
Published: May 2020

This article summarises the results of a preliminary feasibility study and the experience of implementing Conceive-Design-Implement-Operate (CDIO) ideas during 2016–2019 in the education of nuclear specialists. The study is a form of empirical research. The results and findings regarding implementation of the CDIO approach are presented in relation to the Russia–Kazakhstan network programme of specialist training for the nuclear industry of Kazakhstan. The authors conclude that CDIO ideas effectively promote solutions to educational challenges facing the nuclear industries of specific countries. Key findings are (a) that the network form of education is well-suited to the implementation of the CDIO approach and (b) that the principle of the safe management of nuclear materials should be considered in the context of engineering education.
Resistive Index in Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Yengkhom Rameshwor , Suryawanshi Pradeep , Ingale Snehal , Gupta Bhvya , Deshpande Sujata
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives: Hemodynamics in neonatal sepsis is complex and poorly understood. Several studies have reported conflicting findings on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in sepsis from severely increased flow to severely decreased flow. The objective of our study was to study CBF by measuring the resistive index (RI) of the anterior cerebral artery in late-onset neonatal sepsis (LONS).

Methods: All newborn infants admitted in our neonatal intensive care unit with suspected LONS during the period from January 2017 to December 2017 underwent point-of-care transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to measure the RI of the anterior cerebral artery within 24 h of clinical presentation before starting inotropes if at all required. Infants with congenital heart disease, perinatal asphyxia, major congenital malformations, and genetic syndromes were excluded. Neonates with positive culture were included in the final analysis.

Results: Of 89 suspected LONS, 33 were culture positive and were analyzed. The mean admission weight was 2.33 ± 0.76 kg. The mean gestational age was 33.5 ± 3.4 wk. Most common organism isolated was Klebsiella pneumoniae (82%). The RI was high in 54.5% (17 of 33) and normal in 45.5% (15 of 33) cases.

Conclusions: LONS is a unique and complex hemodynamic state and we found it associated with the high RI indicating decreased CBF. A larger study may help in more understanding of this unique hemodynamic association.
Investigating the Effect of a Structured Discharge Training Program on Patient Outcomes Following Gynecologic Oncology Surgery
Authors: Culha Ilkay , Gursoy Elif , Bulut Hulya
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a discharge training program structured according to the Roy adaptation model (RAM) on patient outcomes (quality of life, coping-adaptation, self-esteem) following gynecologic oncology surgery. This nonrandomized intervention studies consisted of two stages. In the first stage, patients were interviewed, patient needs after discharges were determined. Interview data were analyzed, and RAM-based training booklet was prepared. This booklet was prepared in line with a number of themes. In the second stage, the study was conducted with a sample of 36 control and 36 intervention patients, who were included in the discharge training program. Data was collected preoperatively, at 9th and 13th weeks after discharge. The mean quality of life and coping/adaptation scores of the intervention group at 13th weeks were significantly higher than those of the control group, however, no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of mean self-esteem scores.
Bringing the Leader Back in: Why, How, and When Leadership Empowerment Behavior Shapes Coworker Conflict
Authors: Adamovic Mladen , Gahan Peter , Olsen Jesse E. , Harley Bill , Healy Joshua , Theilacker Max
Published: May 2020

With the diffusion of team-based work organizations and flatter organizational hierarchies, many leaders empower employees to perform their work. Empowerment creates an interesting tension regarding coworker conflict, enhancing trust and giving employees more autonomy to prevent conflict, while also increasing workload and the potential for coworker conflict. Recent conflict research has focused on how characteristics of individuals, groups, and tasks contribute to conflict among coworkers. We extend this work by exploring the role of leader empowerment behavior (LEB) in influencing coworker conflict. Our model integrates research on LEB and coworker conflict to help organizations manage coworker conflict effectively. To test our model at the workplace level, we utilize data drawn from matched surveys of leaders and employees in 317 workplaces. We find that LEB relates negatively to relationship and task conflict through affective and cognitive trust in leaders. We further find that LEB relates negatively to relationship and task conflict through reduced workload, but only when employees have a clear role description. In contrast, if employees have unclear roles, LEB has a U-curve relationship with workload: a moderate level of LEB reduces workload, but a high level of LEB increases workload, in turn increasing coworker conflict. Finally, relationship conflict has a direct negative effect on task performance, whereas task conflict has an indirect negative effect through relationship conflict.
Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava in a Heart Transplant Recipient’s Native Heart: A Rare Case Diagnosed by Transesophageal Echocardiogram
Authors: Arain Faisal D. , Sohn Jacqueline , Graber Raymond G.
Published: May 2020

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rare abnormality with incidence reported as 0.3% to 0.5% in the general population and about 10 times higher in patients with congenital heart disease. The diagnosis of PLSVC in native or donor hearts of patients undergoing heart transplants has been reported in surgical journals. However, this rare finding has not been described in similar heart transplant settings in anesthesia literature. This case describes a 44-year-old male orthotopic heart transplant recipient who was incidentally diagnosed with PLSVC in his native heart on transesophageal echocardiogram after a central venous catheter placement. The particular position of the central venous catheter, in our case, raised the suspicion of PLSVC but needed further verification. With the help of images and videos, we demonstrate that transesophageal echocardiogram can be instrumental in diagnosing PLSVC. Furthermore, the case highlights the importance of effectively communicating with the surgeon about such a finding so that the surgical plan can be modified in a timely manner.
Active Sport Tourism in Europe: Applying Market Segmentation Model Based on Human Values
Authors: Terzić Aleksandra , Demirović Dunja , Petrevska Biljana , Limbert Wolfgang
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine if human values sets indicating basic motivational aspects, shared by active sport participants, could be used for the creation of a specific market segmentation model. While the exploration of motivation scales and sport tourist typologies was vast, although limited to small samples, this research constructed a model that tested its applicability and validity on the large general samples. By using data collections from the European Social Survey, the model allowed comparability between surveyed countries by cross-checking multiple psychosocial and demographic factors. The findings identified four main factors that determine active sport tourist values, while at the same time, multiple-discriminant analysis indicated the existence of three active sport clusters, indicating preferences of different sport tourist segments. Furthermore, the study analyzed potential demand markets according to the geographical distribution of active sport segments. The study confirmed that basic human values play an important role in explaining motivation aspects in sport- and tourism-related choices. Overall, the findings may assist marketers in monitoring changes in preferences of sport participants and focus on specific marketing strategies for different segments.
High rates of implant fracture of a generic polished tapered femoral stem
Authors: Vanbiervliet Jens , Braem Annabel , Simon Jean-Pierre , Van Humbeek Jan , Brouwers Jonas , Ghijselings Stijn
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

Cemented polished tapered stems have demonstrated excellent long-term outcomes. Based on this concept, many generic tapered stems have been released into the market. The aim of this study was to evaluate implant-related complications of 1 specific stem design.

Methods:

Between 2010 and 2017, 315 total hip replacements were performed using a Fortress stem (Biotechni, La Ciotat, France). Patient records and radiology were retrospectively reviewed for implant-related complications. A failure analysis was performed on the failed Fortress stems in order to determine the cause of premature failure.

Results:

7 (2.2%) patients sustained a fracture of the neck of the implant after a mean of 5 years (range 50–81 months). All fractures were atraumatic, originating at the introducer inlet of the stem. All fractured occurred in obese patients (BMI >33 kg/m2) with a small sized prosthesis. Of these, there were 5 135° and 2 125° stems. Fracture risk was 23% (7/30) for patients with a small sized stem and a BMI >30 kg/m2. All cases were revised using a cement-in-cement technique or a cementless modular revision stem. Failure analysis on the retrieved stems revealed a stress riser at the bottom of the introducer inlet.

Conclusions:

An alarmingly high rate of early implant fractures was seen using this specific type of cemented stem, particularly when using smaller implant sizes in obese patients. Although based on a proven design, a specific modification led to a stress riser in the neck area, which resulted in a high incidence of implant failure. This series underlines the importance of a stepwise introduction into the market of new orthopaedic devices even when based on established concepts. Generic stems may not behave as the original stem upon which it was designed.
Double perspective narrating time, life and health
Authors: Wilson Shawn , Svalastog Anna Lydia , Gaski Harald , Senior Kate , Chenhall Richard
Published: May 2020

The goal of this article is to explain the concept of double perspective and the impact this may be having on the health of Indigenous people. In inter-cultural communication, there are sets of meanings that are discernible to anyone, and an extra set of underlying meanings that are only accessible for people who have the cultural knowledge to discern them. These different sets of meanings embody a double perspective. We will discuss the double perspective involved in the interactions between public healthcare institutions, the clinicians and staff of these institutions, and Indigenous people. By realising the potential for improved resilience that a double perspective brings to Indigenous people, an awareness of the inclusion and exclusion of Indigenous persons, cultures and histories should become established in healthcare institutions and health research. A double perspective carries resilience, and as such it should be understood as a key to support individual health and the collective well-being of Indigenous people.
Vulnerable populations and misinformation: A mixed-methods approach to underserved older adults’ online information assessment
Authors: Seo Hyunjin , Blomberg Matthew , Altschwager Darcey , Vu Hong Tien
Published: May 2020

This study examines how low-income African-American older adults, one of the groups most vulnerable to misinformation online, assess the credibility of online information. In examining this, we conducted both face-to-face interviews and a survey and then analyzed how their digital media use, demographics, self-efficacy, and involvement with particular topics were associated with their credibility assessments of online information. Our results suggest that education and topic involvement are statistically significant factors associated with assessments of message content and source credibility. Moreover, for our respondents, assessments of content credibility, as opposed to those of source credibility, were far more challenging. This research is one of the few studies examining online information credibility assessments made by low-income minority older adults. Theoretical and practical implications of our results are discussed in the context of misinformation, credibility assessment, and the digital divide.
A Moat Around the Golden Door
Authors: Nawyn Stephanie J.
Published: May 2020

Stephanie Nawyn on Refuge Beyond Reach: How Rich Democracies Repel Asylum Seekers.
Police Officers Need Liability Insurance
Authors: Fields Rarkimm
Published: May 2020

Should police officers be required to acquire liability insurance similar to doctors, dentists, and other professionals who engage in risky professions?
Validation of Yonsei-Bilateral Activity Test (Y-BAT)-Bilateral Upper Extremity Inventory Using Rasch Analysis
Authors: Lee Joo-Hyun , Hong Ickpyo , Park Ji-Hyuk , Shin Joon-Ho
Published: May 2020

There is little assessment to provide specific information about quality of bilateral upper extremity movement specifically. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Yonsei-Bilateral Activity Test (Y-BAT). An observational cross-sectional design was used with 100 stroke survivors. Unidimensionality was examined using factor analyses, and Rasch analysis was used to test rating scale structure, fit statistics, and precision of the Y-BAT. The Y-BAT demonstrated a unidimensional measurement construct, and 19 of the 27 items fit the Rasch model. The instrument demonstrated good precision, including person reliability and person strata. The Y-BAT estimated person measures within a wide range of theta values with a reliability of .9 with good precision. Our results indicate that a revised, 19-item version of the Y-BAT demonstrates sound internal validity and may be a useful instrument for clinicians to measure upper extremity function with good precision following stroke.
Comprehensive Case Review of a Diabetic Patient With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Sommerset Jill , Teso Desarom , Karmy-Jones Riyad , Vea Yolanda , Feliciano Beejay
Published: May 2020

Vascular technologists can play a comprehensive role in the management of complex chronic limb-threatening ischemia diabetic patients. This includes preoperative planning, intraoperative real-time guidance of therapy, and postoperative surveillance. This case will demonstrate the importance of dedicated vascular ultrasound technology.
Poking fun at heroes: American war and the death of the military comedy
Authors: Sparks Andrew C
Published: May 2020

Since the attacks of September 11 2001, there has been a marked decline in the number of military comedy films in American cinema. Films like Buffalo Soldiers, a film made prior to September 11 but released in 2003, show how this change first started. Whereas, prior to 2001, military comedies were generally accepted and even profitable, after 2001 the genre effectively disappeared and still to this day has not re-emerged despite military non-comedy films making a clear resurgence after 2008. In this article, the author explores how and why military comedies have declined over time by making comparisons of how popular both military comedy and non-comedy films were in prior periods and today. The purpose of this is to show how the decline of military comedies since 2001 is a symptom of a greater political trend within American political development, specifically the civil–military divide. As this divide has grown in the post-military draft period in the United States, an event like September 11 seems to have ruptured the general acceptability of laughing at the military, which remains improper in cinema to this day. Finally, he examines some of the political consequences of this lack of laughter at the military within the greater political and film studies literature, which include growing tacit support for the military and how the narratives within some of these films leave little room for American civilians to comedically view the military that defends them.
IL-33/ST2 axis promotes the inflammatory response of nasal mucosal epithelial cells through inducing the ERK1/2 pathway
Authors: Li Yun-Qiu , Zhong Yu , Xiao Xu-Ping , Li Dan-Dan , Zhou Zheng , Tian Yan-Yan
Published: May 2020

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a nasal mucosal inflammatory disease mediated by environmental allergens. At present, the relationship between the IL-33/ST2 axis, ERK1/2 pathway and AR progression needs further exploration. In our study, an AR model was constructed in vitro by treating HNEpC cells with Der p1. qRT-PCR was applied to assess the mRNA levels of IL-33, ST2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Western blotting was used to measure the protein levels of IL-33, ST2, and the downstream proteins p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, p-RSK, and RSK. IL-6, IL-8, IL-33, and TNF-α protein levels in cell supernatants were evaluated by ELISA. Flow cytometry was performed to check cell apoptosis of HNEpC in the presence or absence of Der p1. Our results indicate that the relative levels of IL-33, ST2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 were increased significantly in the AR model group. The above effects were notably reversed after transfection with shIL-33 or shST2. IL-33 stimulation further resulted in the increase in both ST2 and inflammation-associated cytokines, and these effects were restored after shST2 treatment. Also, the levels of inflammatory factors induced by IL-33 stimulation or ST2 overexpression were reversed after applying an ERK1/2 pathway blocker. In conclusion, IL-33/ST2 mediated inflammation of nasal mucosal epithelial cells by inducing the ERK1/2 pathway.
Indications, contraindications and limitations of endoscopic therapy for Barrett’s esophagus and early esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rouphael Carol , Anil Kumar Mythri , Sanaka Madhusudhan R. , Thota Prashanthi N.
Published: May 2020

Endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) has revolutionized management of Barrett’s esophagus (BE)-associated neoplasia, traditionally treated by esophagectomy, which carries very high mortality and morbidity. EET, usually performed in the outpatient setting, has a safe risk profile. It is indicated in patients with BE with high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal cancer, confirmed, and persistent low-grade dysplasia, and in highly selected cases of non-dysplastic BE and submucosal cancers. Multiple EET modalities are available and can be categorized into two groups: ablation therapies and resection techniques with resection techniques usually reserved for nodular/raised lesions or lesions with suspected neoplasia. Patients usually require multiple ablation sessions with a goal of achieving complete eradication of metaplasia. Despite very good results, EET has its limitations and is not 100% effective: it targets a small subset of patients along the spectrum of BE and esophageal adenocarcinoma, as most patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma remain asymptomatic until the disease has progressed to advanced stages. Post-ablation surveillance is mandatory, as recurrences are common. An area of concern is buried metaplasia reported to occur following ablation therapy and thought to be from de novo growth of metaplastic tissue underneath the neosquamous epithelium, following ablation. The focus of this review article is to present the indications, contraindications and limitations of EET.
Complementary and alternative medications in the management of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Picardo Sherman , Altuwaijri Mansour , Devlin Shane M. , Seow Cynthia H.
Published: May 2020

The use of complementary and alternative medications (CAM), products, and therapies not considered to be part of conventional medicine is common among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients often turn to these therapies as they are considered natural and safe, with significant benefit reported beyond disease control. There is emerging evidence that some of these therapies may have anti-inflammatory activity; however, robust evidence for their efficacy in modulating disease activity is currently lacking. Patients often avoid discussing the use of CAM with their physicians, which may lead to drug interactions and/or reduced adherence with conventional therapy. It is important for physicians to be aware of the commonly used CAM and current evidence behind these therapies in order to better counsel their patients about their use in the management of IBD. This narrative review provides an overview of the evidence of the more commonly used CAM in patients with IBD.