bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 10‐Year Thundersnow Climatology Over China
Authors: Xu Liangtao , Zhang Wenjuan , Cao Xi , Zhao Junhu , Zhang Yijun
Published: September 2022

Thundersnow is a special kind of thunderstorm that combines snowfall and lightning. A 10‐year thundersnow climatology over China was obtained based on observations during 2008–2017. Our results show that thundersnows are widely distributed in China, and most of the high‐frequency areas are located in the Tibetan Plateau and northeastern China. The average frequency of thundersnow decreases with decreasing altitude, and thundersnow usually occurs at low‐altitude stations once every 10 years. Thundersnow, which likely induces great total snowfall depths, appears mostly in spring, autumn and late winter and can occur in high‐altitude areas in summer. The blizzard probability on a thundersnow day is 12.7%. The percentage of positive cloud‐to‐ground lightning of winter thundersnow is approximately 20.7%, which is lower than those in other seasons. The negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation and anomalous western North Pacific anticyclone are favorable background conditions for thundersnow events.
Biomarker and Pollen Evidence for Late Pleistocene Pluvials in the Mojave Desert
Authors: Peaple Mark D. , Bhattacharya Tripti , Lowenstein Tim K. , McGee David , Olson Kristian J. , Stroup Justin S. , Tierney Jessica E. , Feakins Sarah J.
Published: September 2022

The climate of the southwestern North America has experienced profound changes between wet and dry phases over the past 200 Kyr. To better constrain the timing, magnitude, and paleoenvironmental impacts of these changes in hydroclimate, we conducted a multiproxy biomarker study from samples collected from a new 77 m sediment core (SLAPP‐SRLS17) drilled in Searles Lake, California. Here, we use biomarkers and pollen to reconstruct vegetation, lake conditions, and climate. We find that δD values of long chain n‐alkanes are dominated by glacial to interglacial changes that match nearby Devils Hole calcite δ18O variability, suggesting both archives predominantly reflect precipitation isotopes. However, precipitation isotopes do not simply covary with evidence for wet‐dry changes in vegetation and lake conditions, indicating a partial disconnect between large scale atmospheric circulation tracked by precipitation isotopes and landscape moisture availability. Increased crenarchaeol production and decreased evidence for methane cycling reveal a 10 Kyr interval of a fresh, productive, and well‐mixed lake during Termination II, corroborating evidence for a paleolake highstand from shorelines and spillover deposits in downstream Panamint Basin and Death Valley during the end of the penultimate (Tahoe) glacial (140–130 ka). At the same time brGDGTs yield the lowest temperature estimates (mean months above freezing = 9°C ± 3°C) of the 200 Kyr record. These limnological conditions are not replicated elsewhere in the 200 Kyr record, suggesting that the Heinrich stadial 11 highstand was wetter than the last glacial maximum and Heinrich 1 (18–15 ka).
The Impact of Ice Sheet Geometry on Meltwater Ingress and Reactive Solute Transport in Sedimentary Basins
Authors: Su Danyang , Xie Mingliang , Mayer K. Ulrich , MacQuarrie Kerry T. B.
Published: September 2022

We investigate the effect of ice sheet geometry on groundwater flow patterns and meltwater ingress in a hypothetical sedimentary basin. The simulation results indicate that meltwater ingress is much greater in 3D domains with a relatively narrow ice sheet extent compared to a wide ice sheet, or a simplified 2D model. In high permeability units (HPUs), the simulated meltwater penetration depth can reach up to 750 m in 3D domains compared to 400 m in a comparable 2D domain. In low permeability units (LPUs), very limited meltwater penetration occurs, indicating that ice sheet geometry and model dimensionality do not substantially affect water flow in these units. A conservative tracer, with a source located at a depth of 500 m in both HPUs and LPUs, illustrates that solutes can be transported to greater depths in HPUs for a narrow ice lobe scenario, in comparison to a wide ice sheet or the 2D approach. Tracer transport in LPUs is unaffected by ice sheet geometry. Similarly, simulation results indicate that the ingress of dissolved oxygen (O2) into HPUs is most substantial below a narrow ice lobe, while O2 ingress into LPUs is not affected by ice sheet geometry. The numerical experiments indicate that 3D analysis will give more comprehensive results for flow patterns and reactive solute transport subjected to glaciation/deglaciation cycles in the case of a narrow ice lobe, but also suggest that a 2D approach might provide an adequate representation for the case of a relatively wide ice sheet.
A tool for mapping microglial morphology, morphOMICs, reveals brain-region and sex-dependent phenotypes
Authors: Colombo Gloria , Cubero Ryan John A. , Kanari Lida , Venturino Alessandro , Schulz Rouven , Scolamiero Martina , Agerberg Jens , Mathys Hansruedi , Tsai Li-Huei , Chachólski Wojciech , Hess Kathryn , Siegert Sandra
Published: September 2022

Environmental cues influence the highly dynamic morphology of microglia. Strategies to characterize these changes usually involve user-selected morphometric features, which preclude the identification of a spectrum of context-dependent morphological phenotypes. Here we develop MorphOMICs, a topological data analysis approach, which enables semiautomatic mapping of microglial morphology into an atlas of cue-dependent phenotypes and overcomes feature-selection biases and biological variability. We extract spatially heterogeneous and sexually dimorphic morphological phenotypes for seven adult mouse brain regions. This sex-specific phenotype declines with maturation but increases over the disease trajectories in two neurodegeneration mouse models, with females showing a faster morphological shift in affected brain regions. Remarkably, microglia morphologies reflect an adaptation upon repeated exposure to ketamine anesthesia and do not recover to control morphologies. Finally, we demonstrate that both long primary processes and short terminal processes provide distinct insights to morphological phenotypes. MorphOMICs opens a new perspective to characterize microglial morphology.
From raw measurements to human pose - a dataset with low-cost and high-end inertial-magnetic sensor data
Authors: Palermo Manuel , Cerqueira Sara M. , André João , Pereira António , Santos Cristina P.
Published: September 2022

Wearable technology is expanding for motion monitoring. However, open challenges still limit its widespread use, especially in low-cost systems. Most solutions are either expensive commercial products or lower performance ad-hoc systems. Moreover, few datasets are available for the development of complete and general solutions. This work presents 2 datasets, with low-cost and high-end Magnetic, Angular Rate, and Gravity(MARG) sensor data. Provides data for the complete inertial pose pipeline analysis, starting from raw data, sensor-to-segment calibration, multi-sensor fusion, skeleton-kinematics, to complete Human pose. Contains data from 21 and 10 participants, respectively, performing 6 types of sequences, presenting high variability and complex dynamics with almost complete range-of-motion. Amounts to 3.5 M samples, synchronized with a ground-truth inertial motion capture system. Presents a method to evaluate data quality. This database may contribute to develop novel algorithms for each pipeline’s processing steps, with applications in inertial pose estimation algorithms, human movement forecasting, and motion assessment in industrial or rehabilitation settings. All data and code to process and analyze the complete pipeline is freely available.
StackPR is a new computational approach for large-scale identification of progesterone receptor antagonists using the stacking strategy
Authors: Schaduangrat Nalini , Anuwongcharoen Nuttapat , Moni Mohammad Ali , Lio’ Pietro , Charoenkwan Phasit , Shoombuatong Watshara
Published: September 2022

Progesterone receptors (PRs) are implicated in various cancers since their presence/absence can determine clinical outcomes. The overstimulation of progesterone can facilitate oncogenesis and thus, its modulation through PR inhibition is urgently needed. To address this issue, a novel stacked ensemble learning approach (termed StackPR) is presented for fast, accurate, and large-scale identification of PR antagonists using only SMILES notation without the need for 3D structural information. We employed six popular machine learning (ML) algorithms (i.e., logistic regression, partial least squares, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, extremely randomized trees, and random forest) coupled with twelve conventional molecular descriptors to create 72 baseline models. Then, a genetic algorithm in conjunction with the self-assessment-report approach was utilized to determinemout of the 72 baseline models as means of developing the final meta-predictor using the stacking strategy and tenfold cross-validation test. Experimental results on the independent test dataset show that StackPR achieved impressive predictive performance with an accuracy of 0.966 and Matthew’s coefficient correlation of 0.925. In addition, analysis based on the SHapley Additive exPlanation algorithm and molecular docking indicates that aliphatic hydrocarbons and nitrogen-containing substructures were the most important features for having PR antagonist activity. Finally, we implemented an online webserver using StackPR, which is freely accessible athttp://pmlabstack.pythonanywhere.com/StackPR. StackPR is anticipated to be a powerful computational tool for the large-scale identification of unknown PR antagonist candidates for follow-up experimental validation.
Some anomalous exact solutions for the four-component coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations on complex wave backgrounds
Authors: Wang Lu , Li Li , Yu Fajun
Published: September 2022

The coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (CNLS) equations are the important models for the study of the multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). In this paper, we study the four-components CNLS equations via Darboux transformation and obtain the N-soliton solutions with zero seed and non-zero seed solutions($$q_i=0$$

q
i

=
0

or $$q_i=e^{-2it})$$

q
i

=

e

-
2
i
t

)

. The 1-soliton solution and 2-soliton solution are calculated on complex wave backgrounds, the dark-bright-bright-bright soliton solutions and dark-dark-bright-bright soliton solutions are constructed. We can obtain a new class of dark-bright-bright-bright soliton solutions, which admit one-valley dark soliton in component $$q_1$$

q
1

and triple-hump bright solitons in the other three components. The collision properties between dark-dark-bright-bright solitons are considered, and the vector solitons are expected to be much more abundant than those of previously reported vector soliton collisions.
Biomarkers extracted by fully automated body composition analysis from chest CT correlate with SARS-CoV-2 outcome severity
Authors: Hosch René , Kattner Simone , Berger Marc Moritz , Brenner Thorsten , Haubold Johannes , Kleesiek Jens , Koitka Sven , Kroll Lennard , Kureishi Anisa , Flaschel Nils , Nensa Felix
Published: September 2022

The complex process of manual biomarker extraction from body composition analysis (BCA) has far restricted the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 outcomes to small patient cohorts and a limited number of tissue types. We investigate the association of two BCA-based biomarkers with the development of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections for 918 patients (354 female, 564 male) regarding disease severity and mortality (186 deceased). Multiple tissues, such as muscle, bone, or adipose tissue are used and acquired with a deep-learning-based, fully-automated BCA from computed tomography images of the chest. The BCA features and markers were univariately analyzed with a Shapiro–Wilk and two-sided Mann–Whitney-U test. In a multivariate approach, obtained markers were adjusted by a defined set of laboratory parameters promoted by other studies. Subsequently, the relationship between the markers and two endpoints, namely severity and mortality, was investigated with regard to statistical significance. The univariate approach showed that the muscle volume was significant for female (pseverity ≤ 0.001, pmortality ≤ 0.0001) and male patients (pseverity = 0.018, pmortality ≤ 0.0001) regarding the severity and mortality endpoints. For male patients, the intra- and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) (p ≤ 0.0001), epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) (p ≤ 0.001) and pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) (p ≤ 0.0001) were significant regarding the severity outcome. With the mortality outcome, muscle (p ≤ 0.0001), IMAT (p ≤ 0.001), EAT (p = 0.011) and PAT (p = 0.003) remained significant. For female patients, bone (p ≤ 0.001), IMAT (p = 0.032) and PAT (p = 0.047) were significant in univariate analyses regarding the severity and bone (p = 0.005) regarding the mortality. Furthermore, the defined sarcopenia marker (p ≤ 0.0001, for female and male) was significant for both endpoints. The cardiac marker was significant for severity (pfemale = 0.014, pmale ≤ 0.0001) and for mortality (pfemale ≤ 0.0001, pmale ≤ 0.0001) endpoint for both genders. The multivariate logistic regression showed that the sarcopenia marker was significant (pseverity = 0.006, pmortality = 0.002) for both endpoints (ORseverity = 0.42, 95% CIseverity: 0.23–0.78, ORmortality = 0.34, 95% CImortality: 0.17–0.67). The cardiac marker showed significance (p = 0.018) only for the severity endpoint (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.06–1.90). The association between BCA-based sarcopenia and cardiac biomarkers and disease severity and mortality suggests that these biomarkers can contribute to the risk stratification of SARS-CoV-2 patients. Patients with a higher cardiac marker and a lower sarcopenia marker are at risk for a severe course or death. Whether those biomarkers hold similar importance for other pneumonia-related diseases requires further investigation.
Novel approaches to the study of viscosity discrimination in rodents
Authors: Nakatomi Chihiro , Sako Noritaka , Miyamura Yuichi , Horie Seiwa , Shikayama Takemi , Morii Aoi , Naniwa Mako , Hsu Chia-Chien , Ono Kentaro
Published: September 2022

Texture has enormous effects on food preferences. The materials used to study texture discrimination also have tastes that experimental animal can detect; therefore, such studies must be designed to exclude taste differences. In this study, to minimize the effects of material tastes, we utilized high- and low-viscosity forms of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-H and CMC-L, respectively) at the same concentrations (0.1–3%) for viscosity discrimination tests in rats. In two-bottle preference tests of water and CMC, rats avoided CMC-H solutions above 1% (63 mPa·s) but did not avoid less viscous CMC-L solutions with equivalent taste magnitudes, suggesting that rats spontaneously avoided high viscosity. To evaluate low-viscosity discrimination, we performed conditioned aversion tests to 0.1% CMC, which initially showed a comparable preference ratio to water in the two-bottle preference tests. Conditioning with 0.1% CMC-L (1.5 mPa·s) did not induce aversion to 0.1% CMC-L or CMC-H. However, rats acquired a conditioned aversion to 0.1% CMC-H (3.6 mPa·s) even after latent inhibition to CMC taste by pre-exposure to 0.1% CMC-L. These results suggest that rats can discriminate considerably low viscosity independent of CMC taste. This novel approach for viscosity discrimination can be used to investigate the mechanisms of texture perception in mammals.
Ciliochoroidal effusion and its association with the outcomes of micropulse transscleral laser therapy in glaucoma patients: a pilot study
Authors: Chansangpetch Sunee , Taechajongjintana Natnaree , Ratanawongphaibul Kitiya , Itthipanichpong Rath , Manassakorn Anita , Tantisevi Visanee , Rojanapongpun Prin , Lin Shan C.
Published: September 2022

We investigate the development of ciliochoroidal effusion following micropulse transscleral laser therapy (MPTLT) and evaluate the relationship between the early postoperative ciliochoroidal effusion (ECE) and short-term treatment outcomes. Glaucoma patients who underwent MPTLT were assessed for ciliochoroidal effusion by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) at postoperative 1, 4, 12 weeks. The subjects were classified based on AS-OCT findings at postoperative 1 week into eyes with and without ECE. The absolute intraocular pressure (IOP), IOP reduction and number of antiglaucoma medications were compared between eyes with and without ECE. A total of 50 eyes were included, of which 23 (46%) developed ciliochoroidal effusion at postoperative 1 week. Almost all effusion resolved at 4 weeks. At 12 weeks, the mean IOP (SD) significantly decreased from 28.5 (12.8) mmHg to 17.8 (10.5) mmHg (p < 0.001), and the mean number of medications (SD) decreased from 4.1 (0.9) to 3.3 (1.1) (p < 0.001). Eyes with ECE had significantly greater IOP reduction (p = 0.009) and lower absolute IOP (p = 0.008) at the 4-week visit. There was no significant difference in number of medications between the groups. In conclusion, ciliochoroidal effusion was commonly observed following MPTLT. Eyes with ECE had overall greater IOP reduction during early post-operation.
Cannulation configuration and recirculation in venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Parker Louis P. , Marcial Anders Svensson , Brismar Torkel B. , Broman Lars Mikael , Prahl Wittberg Lisa
Published: September 2022

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Femoro-atrial cannulation means blood is drained from the inferior vena cava and returned to the superior vena cava; the opposite is termed atrio-femoral. Clinical data comparing these two methods is scarce and conflicting. Using computational fluid dynamics, we aim to compare atrio-femoral and femoro-atrial cannulation to assess the impact on recirculation fraction, under ideal conditions and several clinical scenarios. Using a patient-averaged model of the venae cavae and right atrium, commercially-available cannulae were positioned in each configuration. Additionally, occlusion of the femoro-atrial drainage cannula side-holes with/without reduced inferior vena cava inflow (0–75%) and retraction of the atrio-femoral drainage cannula were modelled. Large-eddy simulations were run for 2-6L/min circuit flow, obtaining time-averaged flow data. The model showed good agreement with clinical atrio-femoral recirculation data. Under ideal conditions, atrio-femoral yielded 13.5% higher recirculation than femoro-atrial across all circuit flow rates. Atrio-femoral right atrium flow patterns resembled normal physiology with a single large vortex. Femoro-atrial cannulation resulted in multiple vortices and increased turbulent kinetic energy at > 3L/min circuit flow. Occluding femoro-atrial drainage cannula side-holes and reducing inferior vena cava inflow increased mean recirculation by 11% and 32%, respectively. Retracting the atrio-femoral drainage cannula did not affect recirculation. These results suggest that, depending on drainage issues, either atrio-femoral or femoro-atrial cannulation may be preferrable. Rather than cannula tip proximity, the supply of available venous blood at the drainage site appears to be the strongest factor affecting recirculation.
Heteroployacid on the composite of boehmite and polyionic liquid as a catalyst for alcohol oxidation and tandem alcohol oxidation Knoevenagel condensation reactions
Authors: Abedian-Dehaghani Neda , Sadjadi Samahe , Heravi Majid M.
Published: September 2022

Using boehmite as an available and low-cost natural compound, a bi-functional catalytic composite is prepared through vinyl-functionalization of boehmite, followed by polymerization with the as-prepared bis-vinylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid and supporting of phosphotungstic acid. The catalyst was characterized via ICP, XRD, TGA, FTIR, SEM/EDS and elemental mapping analysis and applied for promoting alcohol oxidation reaction and one-pot tandem alcohol oxidation/Knoevenagel condensation reaction in aqueous media under mild reaction condition. The results indicated high catalytic activity of the catalyst for both reactions. This protocol showed high generality and aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic alcohols could be applied as substrates to furnish the corresponding products in high to excellent yields. Furthermore, hot filtration test confirmed true heterogeneous nature of the catalysis. The catalyst could also be recovered readily and reused for at least five runs of the reaction with low loss of the activity and phosphotungstic acid leaching upon each run.
Research on imaging method of driver's attention area based on deep neural network
Authors: Zhao Shuanfeng , Li Yao , Ma Junjie , Xing Zhizhong , Tang Zenghui , Zhu Shibo
Published: September 2022

In the driving process, the driver's visual attention area is of great significance to the research of intelligent driving decision-making behavior and the dynamic research of driving behavior. Traditional driver intention recognition has problems such as large contact interference with wearing equipment, the high false detection rate for drivers wearing glasses and strong light, and unclear extraction of the field of view. We use the driver's field of vision image taken by the dash cam and the corresponding vehicle driving state data (steering wheel angle and vehicle speed). Combined with the interpretability method of the deep neural network, a method of imaging the driver's attention area is proposed. The basic idea of this method is to perform attention imaging analysis on the neural network virtual driver based on the vehicle driving state data, and then infer the visual attention area of the human driver. The results show that this method can realize the reverse reasoning of the driver's intention behavior during driving, image the driver's visual attention area, and provide a theoretical basis for the dynamic analysis of the driver's driving behavior and the further development of traffic safety analysis.
Origin and Emission of Volatile Biomarkers in Skin
Authors: Vishinkin Rotem , Haick Hossam
Published: September 2022

Skin volatile biomarkers have great potential to become a field-oriented approach for evaluating health conditions. The profiles of biomarkers are highly dependent on the sampled skin area because the distribution of the skin glands is not homogeneous, creating a large number of potential sampling points to gain better profiling of volatile compounds. This chapter reviews the different origins of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and currently available literature on the detection of skin VOCs in the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. Mass spectrometry and sensor-based systems for capturing skin VOCs are presented and discussed, as well as the expectation of their becoming medical devices to be used in medical or in-field settings.
Interplay Between Volatile Biomarkers and Body Fluids
Authors: King J. , Mochalski P. , Mayhew C. A. , Unterkofler K.
Published: September 2022

When measuring volatile biomarkers originating from body fluids, the main focus, first and foremost, is the metabolic origin and concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in different body regions. To infer these data from measured concentrations, there is a need for models that enable one to calculate the values in different body locations. This chapter explains the basic physical principles and models for achieving this task. It will show how models make predictions and prevent pitfalls when interpreting volatile concentration data or how they can assist in the calculation of endogenous production and metabolic rates. For the sake of clarity, this chapter focuses on breath as a representative example.
Selective Sensors for Volatile Biomarkers
Authors: Abe Owen O. , Mikaeili Fateh , Wang Lisheng , Gouma Pelagia-Irene
Published: September 2022

There are over 200 volatile organic compounds (VOC) in exhaled breath, and some of them are known to be biomarkers of diseases. There is great potential to use gas sensors as novel diagnostic tools used to capture and analyze the concentration of biomarkers . One approach to diagnostic chemosensors is utilizing gas-selective probes. This chapter presents the crystallochemical approach to selective chemosensing that correlates the microstructure and specific crystalline phase of a semiconducting metal oxide to its affinity to a particular VOC compound. Examples are given for two different material model systems: TiO2 and WO3, Recent advances, temperature control of phase field and use of machine learning, are also discussed.
Nucleophilic strategies to construct –CF2– linkages using borazine-CF2Ar reagents
Authors: Wade Wolfe Michael M. , Guo Shuo , Yu Lucy S. , Vogel Trenton R. , Tucker Joseph W. , Szymczak Nathaniel K.
Published: September 2022

Using nucleophilic, boron-based –CF2Ar reagents, we demonstrate three methods to form C–CF bonds: (1) nucleophilic aromatic substitution, (2) palladium catalyzed cross-coupling, and (3) nucleophilic substitution.
Atomic-level understanding of a formamidinium hybrid halide perovskite, FAPbBr3
Authors: Li Chengmin , Juarez-Perez Emilio J. , Mayoral Alvaro
Published: September 2022

The FAPbBr3 hybrid perovskite was studied by advanced electron microscopy methods, showing atomic-level imaging and the identification of intermediates during electron beam irradiation.
Formation of new crystalline qtz-[Zn(mIm)2] polymorph from amorphous ZIF-8
Authors: Thorne Michael F. , Castillo-Blas Celia , McHugh Lauren N. , Bumstead Alice M. , Robertson Georgina , Sapnik Adam F. , Coates Chloe S. , Sayed Farheen N. , Grey Clare P. , Keen David A. , Etter Martin , da Silva Ivan , Užarević Krunoslav , Bennett Thomas D.
Published: September 2022

Formation of a new crystalline qtz-[Zn(mIm)2] polymorph from amorphous ZIF-8.
A thianthrene-based small molecule as a high-potential cathode for lithium–organic batteries
Authors: Fu Manli , Zhang Chenyang , Chen Yuan , Fan Kun , Zhang Guoqun , Zou Jincheng , Gao Yanbo , Dai Huichao , Wang Xiaobo , Wang Chengliang
Published: September 2022

A thianthrene-based small molecule was reported as high-potential cathodes, showing good electrochemical performance with a discharge plateau at 3.9 V (vs. Li/Li+), and a discharge capacity of 63 mA h g−1after 100 cycles at 500 mA g−1(∼10C).
Tunable type-II lateral MoSi2N4/WSi2N4 heterostructures for photocatalytic applications
Authors: Zhou Wanxin , Zhou Xingchen , Yang Cuihong , Zhang Jingyun , Wang Lu , Li Qingfang
Published: September 2022

We designed MoSi2N4/WSi2N4 lateral heterostructures with excellent stability, direct band gaps and high visible light absorption. The lateral heterostructures are more favorable for photocatalytic water splitting than their parent materials.
Dimer photofragmentation and cation ejection dynamics in helium nanodroplets
Authors: Stadlhofer Michael , Thaler Bernhard , Koch Markus
Published: September 2022

We present femtosecond pump–probe photoionization experiments with indium dimers (In2) solvated in helium nanodroplets (HeN), and identify an ionization pathway leading to ion ejection from the droplet, enabling ion-electron correlation.
Electrochemical carbon capture processes for mitigation of CO2 emissions
Authors: Rahimi Mohammad , Khurram Aliza , Hatton T. Alan , Gallant Betar
Published: September 2022

This review discusses the emerging science and research progress underlying electrochemical processes for carbon capture for mitigation of CO2 emissions, and assesses their current maturity and trajectory.
Rapid synthesis of metal nanoparticles using low-temperature, low-pressure argon plasma chemistry and self-assembly
Authors: Darwish Marjan , Mafla-Gonzalez Camila , Kolenovic Belmin , Deremer Adrianna , Centeno Daniel , Liu Tianchi , Kim Deok-Yang , Cattabiani Thomas , Drwiega Thomas J. , Kumar Ish , Li Clive , Traba Christian
Published: September 2022

Reduction of three different metal precursors using low-temperature, low-pressure argon plasma technology.
Electrochemical Minisci reactionviaHAT-driven α-C(sp3)–H functionalization of alcohols
Authors: Li Heng , Tong Jinwen , Zhu Yan , Jiang Cong , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei
Published: September 2022

An electrochemical Minisci reaction involving HAT driven α-C(sp3)–H functionalization of alcohols was achieved. Both primary and secondary alcohols are applicable to provide 3-hydroxyalkylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones in good yields.
Combining standard addition and isotope dilution in order to improve SI traceable LA-ICP-MS measurements
Authors: Michaliszyn Lena , Pramann Axel , Röthke Anita , Rienitz Olaf
Published: September 2022

Like in the previously published LA-ICP-MS method, the sample itself acts as the perfectly matrix matched reference material, but the combination with isotope dilution improves the uncertainty and accuracy of the novel LA-ID-ICP-MS method.
Side chain effect on the electrochemical and optical properties of thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione based donor–acceptor donor type monomers and polymers
Authors: Çakal Deniz , Demir Arabacı Elif , Yildirim Erol , Cihaner Atilla , Önal Ahmet M.
Published: September 2022

In organic π-conjugated materials, side chains play important roles that impact far beyond solubility.
Composition-dependent photoconductivities in indium aluminium nitride nanorods grown by magnetron sputter epitaxy
Authors: Bangolla Hemanth Kumar , Siao Ming-Deng , Huang Yi-Hua , Chen Ruei-San , Žukauskaitė Agnė , Palisaitis Justinas , Persson Per O. Å. , Hultman Lars , Birch Jens , Hsiao Ching-Lien
Published: September 2022

We report single-rod photodetectors with high responsivity and gain based on indium aluminium nitride (InxAl1−xN) nanorods (NRs). A transition from a positive photoresponse to a negative photoresponse was observed while increasing the In composition.
Adsorptive removal of uranium(vi) from wastewater using a crosslinked amidoxime-functionalized β-cyclodextrin polymer
Authors: Zhong Xing , Wang Ruodi , Xu Guohao , Guo Kai , Hu Caixia
Published: September 2022

A crosslinked amidoxime β-CDP-AO was applied to adsorptive removal of radioactive U(vi) from wastewater.
Correction: Photoregulative phase change biomaterials showing thermodynamic and mechanical stabilities
Authors: Zhang Lei , Gu Jingjing , Luo Xiliang , Tang Zhenyu , Qu Yang , Zhang Chenghao , Liu Han , Liu Jishuai , Xie Congxia , Wu Zhongtao
Published: September 2022

Correction for ‘Photoregulative phase change biomaterials showing thermodynamic and mechanical stabilities’ by Lei Zhang et al., Nanoscale, 2022, 14, 976–983, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NR06000G.
Highly efficient electrochemical CO2reduction over crystalline–amorphous In2O3–CeOxheterostructures
Authors: Wang Cuifeng , Wu Zhaohui , Liu Guihao , Bai Sha , Guo Lin , He Lei , Song Yu-Fei
Published: September 2022

The crystalline–amorphous In2O3–CeOxheterostructure was fabricated for highly efficient electroreduction of CO2to formate at a large potential window and the maximum faradaic efficiency reached 94.8%.
Radical coupling reactions of hydrazinesviaphotochemical and electrochemical strategies
Authors: Kong Yilin , Wei Kangning , Yan Guobing
Published: September 2022

Hydrazines are versatile building blocks in organic synthesis.
Enhanced efficiency and stability of scalable spray-coated perovskite solar cells with ionic liquid additives
Authors: Yang Shun-Hsiang , Tsai Chia-Hao , Wang Xiao-Feng , Lee Tai-Chou , Liu Cheng-Liang
Published: September 2022

Ultrasonic spray deposition of large area and pinhole-free perovskite films can be realized with the help of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIMBF4) as the additive.
Introducing a new themed collection on emerging technologies for research models of human neuronal disorders in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Cunningham Thomas J. , Stanford Clare
Published: September 2022

This themed collection of articles was prompted by a collaboration between Neuronal Signaling and the British Neuroscience Association. The Biochemical Society and Portland Press organised a symposium at the BNA Festival of Neuroscience in 2021, focused on the development and use of experimental models of human neuronal disorders. One aspect dealt with how new technologies are being (or could be) used both as a substitute for, or to complement, research that uses whole animal models. Another aspect discussed factors that need to be considered when appraising the validity of animal models of complex, multifactorial neuronal disorders. Given its relevance to the scope of Neuronal Signaling, the journal’s Editorial Board developed a themed collection of content around this symposium entitled Emerging technologies for research models of human neuronal disorders in vivo and in vitro.

We were delighted that speakers from the symposium and other experts working in this field agreed to submit reviews for the collection, which offers an invaluable resource both for researchers who are already experts in this field and those who need merely to learn about its scope and potential.
Fully distributed event‐triggered protocols for stochastic multi‐agent systems
Authors: Ren Guojian , Yu Yongguang , Xu Conghui , Yuan Xiaolin
Published: September 2022

The event‐based leaderless and leader‐following consensus problems of stochastic multi‐agent systems (MAS) with state‐dependent noises are investigated in the manuscript. The fully event‐triggered control mechanism with combinational measurements is established, under which leaderless and leader‐following consensus can achieve almost surely, respectively. With the help of the adaptive control strategy, the designed control schemes do not rely on the minimal nonzero eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix of its communication network topology and the network's scale. The feasibility of the developed strategy is also ensured by excluding Zeno behavior. The validity of the fully distributed protocols is finally validated by some numerical simulations.
Analysis of a novel flux adjustable axial flux permanent magnet eddy current coupler
Authors: Deshan Kong , Dazhi Wang , Wenhui Li , Sihan Wang , Zhong Hua
Published: September 2022

Permanent magnet eddy current couplers have been widely used in large fan and pump loads to achieve the purpose of speed regulation and energy saving. In order to reduce the coupler axial volume and simplify the actuator, a novel flux adjustable axial flux permanent magnet eddy current coupler (FAAF‐PMECC) is proposed in this paper. The permanent magnet rotor is divided into three parts: the inner, middle and outer parts, where the permanent magnets are embedded in the core and the adjacent poles are magnetised in opposite directions. The middle part is the adjusting permanent magnet ring (AR), which can rotate around the shaft. The inner part and outer part are fixed permanent magnet rings (FR) that are fixed with the shaft, and the output torque can be controlled by adjusting the relative angle of AR and FR. The structure and working principle of FAAF‐PMECC are described in detail, and the output torque analytical model of the whole regulating process is established based on the magnetic equivalent circuit method. The AR regulation process is simulated by the variable reluctance model. The validation results show that the proposed structure can achieve a good speed regulation effect, and the output torque calculated by the analytical model in a certain slip speed range matches well with the output torque obtained using the 3D finite element method and experimental measurements. The sensitivity analysis of the structure parameters is also carried out. The analysis shows that the proposed coupler can achieve a wide speed range.
A deep learning‐based framework for fast generation of photorealistic hair animations
Authors: Qiao Zhi , Li Tianxing , Hui Li , Liu Ruijun
Published: September 2022

Hair is the most important but onerous step for depicting dynamic 3D virtual characters. The photorealistic hair animation requires high‐quality simulation and rendering models. These models are based on complex calculations of mechanics and optics. Because of the huge time budget, it is difficult to apply in the interactive scene. A promising solution to overcome the time budget is the reduced model that struggles to reduce the computation of physical details by various interpolation methods. However, current reduced models compromise too much reality. This research intends to achieve photorealistic hair animation in a fast way. Building a deep learning‐based framework to synthesize photorealistic hair is aimed at. Furthermore, this research also presents a pipeline for hair merging into the scene. This new framework enables the model to significantly improve the appearances of hair animation while adding little computation overhead.
Day‐ahead wind power ramp forecasting using an image‐based similarity search strategy
Authors: Cao Bo , Chang Liuchen , Gong Xun , Pijnenburg Petrus , Levy Thomas , Kilpatrick Ryan
Published: September 2022

With the increase in penetration of wind generation on interconnected power systems, the importance of wind power ramp forecasting has continuously grown. Large power ramps caused by sudden weather changes raise more concerns due to their significant impact on the power system economics and stability. Correct wind power ramp forecasts can help the system operators and utility companies to tradeoff the risks when scheduling wind energy in the electricity market. In this paper, a day‐ahead wind power ramp forecasting algorithm is developed to provide probabilistic ramp forecasts for look‐ahead times up to 48 h using hourly wind speed forecasts from Environment Canada High Resolution Deterministic Prediction System (HRDPS). An image‐based similarity search strategy has been designed to build a direct link between the wind speed forecasts and the wind power ramp prediction, thus reducing the impact of the uncertainty from both the power production forecast model and the ramp identification process on the forecasting accuracy. A performance assessment and validation of the proposed ramp event forecasting method is conducted by using the forecast and operation data from six investigated wind farms across Canada.
Detecting H2O with CRIRES+: WASP-20b
Authors: Maimone M. C. , Brogi M. , Chiavassa A. , van den Ancker M. E. , Manara C. F. , Leconte J. , Gandhi S. , Pluriel W.
Published: September 2022

Context. Infrared spectroscopy over a wide spectral range and at the highest resolving powers (R > 70 000) has proved to be one of the leading techniques to unveil the atmospheric composition of dozens of exoplanets. The recently upgraded spectrograph CRIRES instrument at the Very Large Telescope (CRIRES+) was operative for a first science verification in September 2021, and its new capabilities in atmospheric characterization were ready to be tested.

Aims. We analyzed transmission spectra of the hot Saturn WASP-20b in the K band (1981–2394 nm) that were acquired with CRIRES+ with the aim to detect the signature of H2O and CO.

Methods. We used a principal component analysis to remove dominant time-dependent contaminating sources such as telluric bands and the stellar spectrum. We extracted the planet spectrum by cross-correlating observations with 1D and 3D synthetic spectra, without circulation.

Results. We present the tentative detection of molecular absorption from water vapor at a signal-to-noise ratio equal to 4.2 and 4.7 by using only H2O 1D and 3D models, respectively. The peak of the cross-correlation function occurred at the same rest-frame velocity for both model types (Vrest = −1 ± 1 km s−1 ) and at the same projected orbital velocity of the planet, but with different error bands (1D model: Kp = 131 −29+18 k ms −1; 3D: Kp = 131 −39+23 k ms −1). Our results agree with the result expected in the literature (132.9 ± 2.7 km −1).

Conclusions. Although the observational conditions were not ideal and we had problems with the pipeline in calibrating and reducing our raw data set, we obtained the first tentative detection of water in the atmosphere of WASP-20b. We suggest a deeper analysis and additional observations to confirm our results and unveil the presence of CO.
Comparison of star formation histories of AGN and non-AGN galaxies
Authors: Mountrichas G. , Buat V. , Yang G. , Boquien M. , Ni Q. , Pouliasis E. , Burgarella D. , Theule P. , Georgantopoulos I.
Published: September 2022

We used active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with X-ray luminosities, LX, 2 − 10 keV ∼ 1042.5 − 44 erg s−1, from the COSMOS-Legacy survey that lie within the UltraVISTA region and cross-matched them with the LEGA-C catalogue. The latter provides measurements of the calcium break, Dn4000, and Hδ Balmer line that allow us to study the stellar populations of AGNs and compare them with a galaxy reference catalogue. Our samples consist of 69 AGNs and 2176 non-AGN systems, within 0.6 < z < 1.3, that satisfy the same photometric selection criteria. We constructed the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of both population and used the CIGALE code to investigate the effect of the two indices in the SED fitting process. Our analysis shows that the inclusion of Dn4000 and Hδ allows CIGALE to better constrain the ages of the stellar populations. Furthermore, we find an increase of the estimated stellar masses by ∼0.2 dex, in particular for systems with young stars (Dn4000 < 1.5), when the two indices are included in the SED fitting. We then compare the Dn4000 and Hδ of AGNs with sources in the reference catalogue, accounting for the different stellar mass of the two populations. Our analysis reveals that low-to-moderate LX AGNs tend to reside in galaxies with older stellar populations and are less likely to have experienced a recent star formation burst compared to galaxies in the control sample. Finally, we compared the two populations as a function of their morphology (bulge-dominated, BD, versus non-BD) and compactness (mass-to-size ratio). A similar fraction of AGN and non-AGN systems are classified as non-BD (∼70%). Our analysis shows that BD AGN tend to have younger stellar populations compared to BD non-AGN systems. On the other hand, non-BD AGNs have, on average, older stellar populations and are less likely to have experienced a burst compared to non-BD sources in the reference sample. Furthermore, AGNs tend to prefer more compact systems compared to non-AGNs.
Near subsurface density reconstruction by full waveform inversion in the frequency domain
Authors: Didier Quentin , Arhab Slimane , Mesgouez Arnaud , Lefeuve-Mesgouez Gaëlle
Published: September 2022

The work proposed is part of a global project dealing with the characterization of heterogeneous media by both electromagnetic and mechanical full waveform inversions. Indeed Full Waveform Inversion of seismic reflection or Ground Penetrating Radar data is an efficient approach to reconstruct subsurface physical parameters with high resolution. This paper focuses on the mechanical part, and more specifically on quantitative imaging of nearsurface density. Processing field data is challenging because the nature of the source and the sensors used impact the signal-to-noise ratio as well as the frequency range appearing in the recorded data. From then it becomes interesting to process the data in the frequency domain and work on a few representative frequencies of the recorded temporal signal. In this article, field data are simulated by noisy synthetic data. Different frequency strategies are used and their results are compared with each other. The inverse problem consists in assessing the density in the probed medium from the data on the displacement field measured at the detectors. Such a problem is known to be nonlinear and ill-posed. It is solved iteratively by a regularized Gauss-Newton algorithm, which relies on the Fréchet derivatives obtained through the generalized reciprocity principle equivalent to the well-known adjoint method. The numerical results show an optimal strategy, for which the convergence rate and the computation time are reasonable, the spatial resolution is improved and the density is well reconstructed.
Isolation and initial characterization of microorganisms from a shallow marine hydrothermal system, Vulcano (Italy)
Authors: Galès Grégoire , Erauso Gaël , Canhiac Isabelle , Postec Anne , Capasso Giorgio
Published: September 2022

Samples from Vulcano hydrothermal system were incubated at hot temperatures with various electron donors and acceptors in order to isolate and characterize strains belonging from this environment. Eighteen strains were isolated, from which three seemed to belong to new species according to their 16S rRNA sequence. These strains are under phenotypic and genotypic characterization. Cultivation of representative taxa from an environment helps understanding ecological functions of microbial groups in these environments. Although cultivation often fails to isolate all representative prokaryotic taxa, effort of cultivation still can achieve the recovery of poorly characterized microorganisms.
Exploring mono-fractal characteristics of dynamic pressure at exit of centrifugal compressor based on EWT
Authors: LIU Yan , LI Yuchen , GENG Jincheng , XIAO Jun
Published: September 2022

This paper studies the dynamic pressure at the outlet of the 800 kW centrifugal compressor. It uses the single-fractal method and the empirical wavelet transform to analyze the nonlinear characteristics of the centrifugal compressor under different working conditions. First, it analyzes the characteristics of the dynamic pressure waveform when the centrifugal compressor enters the surge state from the steady state through the transition process. It also uses the empirical wavelet transform to extract the modal components of the pressure waveform, which is reconstructed according to the correlation coefficient. Second, it studies the characteristics of the autocorrelation function of the reconstructed signal under different numbers of hysteresis points k. Finally, it studies the Hurst parameters of the original signal and the reconstructed signal to identify the working state of the centrifugal compressor. The results show that the autocorrelation function of the reconstructed signal can effectively reflect the working state of the centrifugal compressor. Compared with the original signal, it is easier for the Hurst parameter of the reconstructed signal to identify the surge state of the centrifugal compressor.
Study on model selection and evaluation method of weapon system based on ISM and GAHP
Authors: HAO Kunpeng , YANG Guolai , ZHANG Lei , GE Jianli
Published: September 2022

Model selection & evaluation is the key focus and urgent problems to solve in comprehensive argumentation and conceptual design of weapon system, and has great significance for the weapon system to realize function demand, hierarchy management, and decision optimization. Aimed at model selection & evaluation of weapon system, the model selection & evaluation method based on interpretation structure model (ISM) and gray analytic hierarchy process (GAHP) is designed, hierarchical relationship between structure and performance of weapon system is qualitatively described through setting up directed-graph of system structure, and overall evaluation value of design plan is quantitatively represented by determining influence weight between the elements of system and the gray evaluation vector. Combined with evaluation execution procedure, the mathematical model is given, and taking an airborne weapon system as example, Matlab program is compiled, the best plan among the three is selected, and the theoretical basis is provided. Model selection evaluation method of weapon system based on ISM & GAHP has solved the problem from qualitative demand to quantitative decision-making, and with guiding significance for the model selection evaluation of weapon system.