bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Crime” and “Punishment”: The Curse of Cain and the Bible’s Social Philosophy
Authors: Glouberman Mark
Published: April 2024

“My avon,” Cain says to God, “is more than I can bear” (Genesis 4:13). Disconcertingly, “crime” is as often used in English renderings as is “punishment.” On the basis of a close analysis of the verses about Cain and Abel, I offer a translation that splits the difference between “crime” and “punishment.” Avon turns out to mean something like “transgression.” The Bible’s portrayal of the conflictual interaction between the brothers is the template of its normative position (conveyed in the story by God) about clashes between old ways and new ways. The Bible rejects the Marxist equation of morality with class-success. The verbal form of “transgress” expresses what Cain does to the old modus vivendi; the nominal form applies to his new one. With all its uncertainties, the latter is for that reason challenging to him.
Weiner’s Attribution-Emotion-Action Model: Uncovering the Mediating Role of Self-Blame and the Moderating Effect of the Helper’s Responsibility for the Help Recipient’s Behavior
Authors: Yao Elvin , Siegel Jason T.
Published: April 2024

Seven preregistered experimental studies investigated a potential mediator (self-blame) and moderator (the perceived responsibility of the helper for the help recipient’s behavior) of Weiner’s attribution-emotion-action model. When participants considered a nonchild close other experiencing depression, higher perceived controllability was related to lower sympathy, which correlated with less willingness to provide support; however, among parents considering their child experiencing depression, perceived controllability was either positively associated with sympathy (study 1) or did not influence sympathy (study 2). Offering an explanation, studies 3a/3b indicated a significantly weaker relationship between controllability and responsibility attributions when the target of help was the participant’s child. Study 4 investigated the underlying mechanism. Parents experienced self-blame when the cause was controllable, which lowered the association between controllability and responsibility attributions. Studies 5 and 6 revealed this pattern was not specific to the parent–child relationship but occurred whenever the potential helper felt responsible for the help recipient’s behavior.
Coding Beauty and Decoding Ugliness: The Role of Aesthetic Concerns in Programming Practices
Authors: Fedorova Marina , Mazmanian Melissa , Dourish Paul
Published: April 2024

In this article, we analyze the productive role of aesthetics in organizing technoscientific work. Specifically, we investigate how aesthetic judgments form and inform code-writing practices at a large web services company in Russia. We focus on how programmers express aesthetic judgments about code and software design in everyday practice and explore how language with positive and negative valences is deployed. We find that programmers label code as “beautiful” without defining or establishing agreement about the term and are thereby able to maintain different ideals of beauty within the same organization. However, by learning how to avoid what senior developers deem to be “ugly” code, developers become socialized into producing code with a similar style and logic that we describe as “not ugly.” The fieldwork suggests that aesthetic language can function simultaneously as a mechanism that supports professional diversity within an organization and as a tool for producing consistencies in software design. Studying manifestations of both positive and negative aesthetic language in technoscientific work provides insight into professional practices and the various roles aesthetic language can play in organizational life.
‘You just eyeball it’: Parent and nursery staff perceptions and influences on child portion size: A reflexive thematic analysis
Authors: Quirke-McFarlane Sophia , Carstairs Sharon A , Cecil Joanne E
Published: April 2024

Background: Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health epidemics of the 21st century. Observational studies report that increases in portion size (PS) have occurred in parallel with levels of obesity. Increased PSs of high-energy-dense foods can promote overeating, and without compensatory behaviours, can contribute to childhood obesity. Caregivers make decisions about PSs for children in the home and nursery environment, thus are gatekeepers to child food intake. Understanding caregiver PS decisions can aid in the best practice of PS provision to young children. The aim of this study was to explore parent and nursery staff influences on child PS selection and their suggestions for useful tools/strategies in PS decisions. Methods: A qualitative design was employed using focus group discussions (FGDs) with parents and nursery staff of children aged 3–5 years. FGDs were employed given their ability to generate rich data, as well as permit the exploration of collective perceptions, attitudes, behaviours and experiences. Data were analysed using an inductive, semantic approach to reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Four FGDs were conducted: two with parents ( n = 13), two with nursery staff ( n = 17). Four overarching themes were derived: (i) awareness of PS guidelines; (ii) control over PS; (iii) social influences on children's eating behaviours; (iv) child-specific, social and external factors influencing parent and nursery staff PS decisions. Additionally, participants discussed tools/strategies they believe would be useful in PS decisions. Conclusion: Data from the themes suggest that caregiver control, social, child-specific and external factors are more influential than PS guidelines in both parent and nursery staff PS decisions for young children aged 3–5 years. These findings can inform future childhood obesity prevention initiatives focussed on improving parent and nursery staff provision/use of age-appropriate PSs.
How do people in prison access palliative care? A scoping review of models of palliative care delivery for people in prison in high-income countries
Authors: Gilbert Emma , Viggiani Nick De , de Sousa Martins Joana , Palit Tanuka , Sears Jessica , Knights Daniel , Roulston Audrey , Turner Mary , Selman Lucy E
Published: April 2024

Background:

An ageing prison population with complex health needs combined with punitive sentencing practices means palliative care for incarcerated individuals is increasingly important. However, there is limited evidence regarding the models of care delivery in high-income countries, and their associated challenges and benefits.

Aim:

To develop a typology of models of palliative care provision for incarcerated individuals, synthesise evidence of their outcomes and describe facilitators of and challenges in delivering different models of palliative and end-of-life care in prisons.

Design:

Scoping review following Arksey and O’Malley, with narrative synthesis. The protocol was registered prospectively (reviewregistry1260).

Data sources:

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, the Social Sciences Citation Index and grey literature were searched on 15th March 2023. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used for quality appraisal.

Results:

A total of 16,865 records were screened; 22 peer-reviewed articles and 18 grey literature sources met the inclusion criteria. Three models were identified: Embedded Hospice, Outsourcing Care and Community Collaboration. The Embedded Hospice model shows potential benefits for patients and prisons. Outsourcing Care may miss opportunities for comprehensive care. Collaborative Care relies on proactive prison-community relationships that could be formalised for improvement. Psychosocial and bereavement needs of those dying in prison and their caregivers lack sufficient documentation.

Conclusion:

Further research is needed to evaluate prison hospice costs and examine how prison hospices impact compassionate release usage. Beyond the USA, policies might formalise care pathways and recognise best practices. Further investigation to address psychosocial needs of people in prison with life-limiting illnesses and post-death bereavement support is required.
Interdisciplinary Art Learning Through Artistic Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL): Evaluating Learning Outcomes and Processes Among Science and Engineering Students
Authors: Zhou SiBo , Bakhir Norfarizah Mohd
Published: April 2024

The field of interdisciplinary art education, particularly through digital game-based learning, lacks empirical research on the art learning process and the competencies gained along the process. To address this research gap, this study collects data through experiment and post-experiment interviews from 20 science and engineering college students who participated in a 1-month digital game-based art learning program. The findings reveal three learning process cycles involved during art educational digital gameplay, namely the game action cycle, the experiential learning process cycle, and the game response cycle. Throughout the three process cycles, 29 learning outcomes were identified based on students’ gameplay experiences. These outcomes are then categorized into three themes, including enhanced self-management, enhanced learning experience, and refinement of proprioceptive competencies. Overall, this study highlights the digital learning process in the context of interdisciplinary art education and emphasizes the importance of valuing the outcomes gained from digital game-based learning in art education.
Clinical feasibility of post-contrast accelerated 3D T1-Sampling Perfection with Application-optimized Contrasts using different flip angle Evolutions (SPACE) with iterative denoising for intracranial enhancing lesions: a retrospective study
Authors: Yun Su Young , Heo Young Jin
Published: April 2024

Background

Post-contrast T1-Sampling Perfection with Application-optimized Contrasts using different flip angle Evolutions (SPACE) is the preferred 3D T1 spin-echo sequence for evaluating brain metastases, regardless of the prolonged scan time.

Purpose

To evaluate the application of accelerated post-contrast T1-SPACE with iterative denoising (ID) for intracranial enhancing lesions in oncologic patients.

Material and Methods

For evaluation of intracranial lesions, 108 patients underwent standard and accelerated T1-SPACE during the same imaging session. Two neuroradiologists evaluated the overall image quality, artifacts, degree of enhancement, mean contrast-to-noise ratiolesion/parenchyma, and number of enhancing lesions for standard and accelerated T1-SPACE without ID.

Results

Although there was a significant difference in the overall image quality and mean contrast-to-noise ratiolesion/parenchyma between standard and accelerated T1-SPACE without ID and accelerated SPACE with and without ID, there was no significant difference between standard and accelerated T1-SPACE with ID. Accelerated T1-SPACE showed more artifacts than standard T1-SPACE; however, accelerated T1-SPACE with ID showed significantly fewer artifacts than accelerated T1-SPACE without ID. Accelerated T1-SPACE without ID showed a significantly lower number of enhancing lesions than standard- and accelerated T1-SPACE with ID; however, there was no significant difference between standard and accelerated T1-SPACE with ID, regardless of lesion size.

Conclusion

Although accelerated T1-SPACE markedly decreased the scan time, it showed lower overall image quality and lesion detectability than the standard T1-SPACE. Application of ID to accelerated T1-SPACE resulted in comparable overall image quality and detection of enhancing lesions in brain parenchyma as standard T1-SPACE. Accelerated T1-SPACE with ID may be a promising replacement for standard T1-SPACE.
Gender-responsive Classification of Women in Prison: A Typology Based on Mental Health Symptoms and Coping Strategies
Authors: Fanarraga Irina , Celinska Katarzyna
Published: April 2024

Despite the increase in the incarceration rates of women, most correctional practices are still normed on male samples, including prison classification. Moreover, those classifications do not take into account women’s particular experiences, needs, and unique pathways to criminality. The current research proposes a typology based on female prisoners’ mental health symptoms and coping strategies. The data was derived from a survey conducted with 194 women housed in a Northeastern prison. A two-step clustering analysis was used to obtain three classification types—each with different symptomatology, coping mechanisms, demographic, and background characteristics. The results suggest that identifying and relying on needs-based typologies has important correctional policy implications in terms of the management and the treatment of incarcerated women.
The Impact of Formal Education, Specialized Training, and Offense Type on Perceptions of Employability: Can Bias Toward Hiring a Person With a Criminal History Be Mitigated?
Authors: Standridge Rheanna L. , Batastini Ashley B. , Leuty Melanie E. , Mohn Richard
Published: April 2024

Though hesitations to hire formerly incarcerated individuals are often related to assumptions about a person’s dangerousness, there remain legitimate reasons, such as limited formal education and basic skills, that prevent returning residents from finding work. Previous research suggests that hiring decisions are confounded by offense type, even if an employer would otherwise consider a person with a criminal history. Thus, it is unclear whether returning residents’ level of education or training can mitigate barriers related to their offense history. Using hypothetical case vignettes of a formerly incarcerated job applicant, this study examined whether hiring decisions were influenced by education and offense type. A between-subjects design with a sample of 223 individuals recruited via MTurk was conducted. Results of this study were largely consistent with prior research suggesting that criminal history presents an obstacle when trying to obtain employment. Implications and future directions are provided in the discussion.
Accessibility and Equity Analysis of Highway-Railway Traffic Network Based on Real-Time Route Planning Data: A Case Study of Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration, China
Authors: Tang Hongxia , Li Ya , Li Mengdi , Shao Zhiguo
Published: April 2024

As a bond of geospatial and socioeconomic ties, transport supports the development of regions. With the rapid development of the economy, the coordinated development of regional transport has become a concern. To narrow the gap in transport development between cities and achieve sustainable development in regional transport, this study took the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration as the research object and using real-time path planning data assessed accessibility of the traffic network under two travel scenarios: cars and car-connected train. Based on the results of accessibility calculations, the Gini coefficient and Theil index were used to measure the equity of regional traffic networks. The results showed that (1) overall accessibility under the two travel scenarios showed a pattern of gradual decay from the center to the periphery; (2) both the accessibility and equity of the highway network were better than those of the railway network; (3) differences in regional development were the main sources of overall regional transport inequity. The research results provide a useful reference for the planning and construction of urban agglomeration traffic networks.
Linear Geostatistical Estimating Methods Compared Using Annual Average Daily Traffic Data from Low-Volume Roads in Minnesota
Authors: Baffoe-Twum Edmund , Asa Eric
Published: April 2024

Geostatistical methods are utilized to analyze and predict values associated with spatial or spatiotemporal phenomena. These techniques incorporate both the spatial and, in some cases, temporal coordinates of the data. The mining industry prefers these methods for ore reserve estimation, and they have also gained popularity in other specialized fields. Notably, the transportation industry is gradually adopting them to estimate annual average daily traffic (AADT). Although researchers use various predictive techniques to estimate AADT, many of them are experiential or based on simple subjective assessments, especially for low-volume roadways. The shortcomings of these assessment techniques include high margins of error, non-integrated spatial and temporal variability in the datasets, and inadequate consideration of total coverage. Geostatistical techniques are superior predictive tools in many fields because their algorithms account for these limitations. Moreover, geostatistical methods can predict data at both sampled and unsampled locations with minimal available data. Therefore, the crucial question arises as to which method best estimates AADT. This paper focuses on investigating linear univariate geostatistical methods, namely empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK), ordinary Kriging (OK), simple Kriging (SK), and universal Kriging (UK), along with proportional valuations, to estimate AADT on low-volume roadways and provides a recommendation based on the findings. The study utilizes AADT data from 1,486 and 2,731 locations on low-volume roads throughout Minnesota in 2009 and 2016, respectively. The results obtained from this investigation hold significant systematic and practical implications for estimating AADT on low-volume roads and can be adapted for high-volume roadways as well.
Enhancing cutaneous wound healing: A study on the beneficial effects of nano-gelatin scaffold in rat models
Authors: Sun Jason , Lai Yi-Chung , Lin Yi-Wen , Fang Chih-Hsiang , Sun Jui-Sheng
Published: April 2024

The challenges in achieving optimal outcomes for wound healing have persisted for decades, prompting ongoing exploration of interventions and management strategies. This study focuses on assessing the potential benefits of implementing a nano-gelatin scaffold for wound healing. Using a rat skin defect model, full-thickness incisional wounds were created on each side of the thoracic-lumbar regions after anesthesia. The wounds were left un-sutured, with one side covered by a gelatin nano-fibrous membrane and the other left uncovered. Wound size changes were measured on days 1, 4, 7, and 14, and on day 14, rats were sacrificed for tissue sample excision, examined with hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson’s trichrome stain. Statistical comparisons were performed. The gelatin nanofibers exhibited a smooth surface with a fiber diameter of 260 ± 40 nm and porous structures with proper interconnectivity. Throughout the 14-day experimental period, significant differences in the percentage of wound closure were observed between the groups. Histological scores were higher in the experiment group, indicating less inflammation but dense and well-aligned collagen fiber formation. A preliminary clinical trial on diabetic ulcers also demonstrated promising results. This study highlights the potential of the nano-collagen fibrous membrane to reduce inflammatory infiltration and enhance fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts during the early stages of cutaneous wound healing. The nano-fibrous collagen membrane emerges as a promising candidate for promoting wound healing, with considerable potential for future therapeutic applications.
Non-isothermal simulation on injection/mold temperatures in liquid composite molding process
Authors: Yang Wenkai , Xu Shanyu , Chen Wengang
Published: April 2024

Liquid composite molding (LCM) is a leading process for manufacturing polymer materials. The LCM process is optimized by designing injection/mold temperatures in actual production. The variety rule of technics parameters such as temperature, curing degree, viscosity, and pressure in the non-isothermal LCM process is the theoretical basis for injection/mold temperatures design. Due to the typical closed mold operation, numerical simulation is the main tool for studying the LCM process. This article used numerical simulation to study the LCM process of typical 3D component. The variation of technics parameters is studied by setting different injection/mold temperatures. This study finds that temperature gradients and curing degree gradients are easily generated along the resin flow direction inside the component. Increasing the injection temperature is more significantly than mold temperature to reduce the resin viscosity and the maximum pressure inside the mold. Meanwhile, increasing the mold temperature is more beneficial than injection temperature for reducing the surface force of the mold wall. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the injection/mold temperatures in different application scenarios.
Quantification of Gravitational Effects on Nasal Tip Geometry
Authors: Hsue Victor B. , Nadeem Wasiq , Azhdam Ariel , Liu Gene , Chen Henry , Lee Matthew K.
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

It is widely accepted in plastic surgery that patient positioning can affect the geometry of the nasal tip due to downward gravitational forces. However, empirical data supporting this principle is lacking. The primary objective of this study is to quantify gravitational effects on nasal tip geometry by calculating changes in tip rotation and projection between the supine and upright positions. This analysis will help further assess whether gravity affects the actual positional rotation of the nasal tip or if its impact is solely relative to neighboring landmarks.

Methods:

This study is a prospective case series that obtains upright and supine nasal measurements in 20 subjects. The nasolabial, nasofrontal, and columellar-facial angles, as well as the Goode, Crumley, Simon, and Powell ratios are used to calculate nasal tip rotation and projection changes.

Results:

Mean nasolabial angle demonstrated a statistically significant tip derotation of 3.2° in the upright position relative to supine. Mean nasofrontal angle and mean columellar-facial angle did not significantly differ between positions. The nasal tip appeared relatively less projected in the upright position using the Simon and Crumley methods, whereas no significant difference was seen with the Powell and Goode methods.

Conclusion:

Gravity can influence the apparent nasal tip geometry by altering lip position and length, but it does not impact the true nasal tip geometry when the upper lip is excluded as a reference point.
The Emerging Role and Clinical Applications of Morphomics in Diagnostic Imaging
Authors: O’Regan Patrick W. , O’Regan James A. , Maher Michael M. , Ryan David J.
Published: April 2024

Analytic morphomics refers to the accurate measurement of specific biological markers of human body composition in diagnostic medical imaging. The increasing prevalence of disease processes that alter body composition including obesity, cachexia, and sarcopenia has generated interest in specific targeted measurement of these metrics to possibly prevent or reduce negative health outcomes. Typical morphomic measurements include the area and density of muscle, bone, vascular calcification, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat on a specific validated axial level in the patient’s cross-sectional diagnostic imaging. A distinct advantage of these measurements is that they can be made retrospectively and opportunistically with pre-existing datasets. We provide a narrative review of the current state of art in morphomics, but also consider some potential future directions for this exciting field. Imaging based quantitative assessment of body composition has enormous potential across the breadth and scope of modern clinical practice. From risk stratification to treatment planning, and outcome assessment, all can be enhanced with the use of analytic morphomics. Moreover, it is likely that many new opportunities for personalized medicine will emerge as the field evolves. As radiologists, embracing analytic morphomics will enable us to contribute added value in the care of every patient.
The Relations Among Childhood Maltreatment and Later Intimate Partner Violence Victimization With and Without a Weapon in a Sample of Pregnant Black Individuals
Authors: Huibregtse Megan E. , Wallace Shimarith , Ravi Meghna , Karra Sriya , McAfee Elizabeth E. , Hinojosa Cecilia A. , Mekawi Yara , Powers Abigail , Michopoulos Vasiliki , Lathan Emma C.
Published: April 2024

Black pregnant and postpartum individuals are at risk for intimate partner violence (IPV), and those with a history of childhood maltreatment and IPV are even more likely to be re-victimized during pregnancy. However, it is unknown if specific types of child maltreatment predict later IPV with and without a weapon better than others. The current study sought to (i) document the prevalence of childhood maltreatment and IPV and (ii) examine the relations among types of childhood maltreatment and later IPV with and without a weapon within a sample of Black individuals seeking prenatal care at a large public hospital in the southeastern United States. Participants ( n = 186; mean age = 27.2 years, SD = 5.3) completed measures assessing childhood maltreatment and IPV with and without a weapon. Approximately 68.5% of participants ( n = 124) endorsed experiencing childhood maltreatment, while 42.6% ( n = 78) endorsed experiencing IPV. The bivariate relations among five childhood maltreatment types (i.e., sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, physical and emotional neglect) and IPV with and without a weapon were assessed. All childhood maltreatment subtype scores—except childhood physical neglect—were significantly higher among participants who reported a history of IPV with or without a weapon compared to participants who denied a history of IPV with or without a weapon. Logistic regression models revealed childhood sexual abuse emerged as the only significant predictor of experiencing IPV with a weapon ( B = 0.10, p = .003) and IPV without a weapon ( B = 0.11, p = .001). For every point increase in childhood sexual abuse subtype score, the odds of experiencing IPV with and without a weapon increased by 10% ( OR = 1.10, 95%CI [1.04, 1.18]) and 12% ( OR = 1.12, [1.05, 1.20]), respectively. Findings suggest that screening for childhood sexual abuse may provide a critical opportunity for maternity care providers to identify individuals at increased risk for IPV victimization with and without a weapon.
Exploring the Impact of Length of Residence and Food Insecurity on Weight Status Among Canadian Immigrants
Authors: Chai Lei
Published: April 2024

Purpose

While the individual impacts of long-term residence and food insecurity on overweight/obesity are well-documented, their combined effect on immigrants’ weight status is less understood. This study examines the interaction between length of residence and food insecurity in predicting overweight/obesity among immigrants and investigates whether this relationship is gender-specific.

Design

A national cross-sectional survey.

Setting

The 2017-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey.

Subjects

Immigrants aged 18 and older (N = 13 680).

Measures

All focal variables were self-reported.

Analysis

Logistic regression models were employed.

Results

Long-term immigrants were more likely to report overweight/obesity than their short-term counterparts (OR = 1.39; P < .001). Moreover, immigrants from food-insecure households were at a higher risk of reporting overweight/obesity (OR = 1.27; P < .05) compared to those from food-secure households. The analysis further revealed that food insecurity exacerbated the detrimental association between length of residence and overweight/obesity in men (OR = 2.63; P < .01) but not in women (OR = .66; P > .05).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that long-term immigrant men may be especially susceptible to the compounded chronic stressors of extended residence and food insecurity. Health professionals and policymakers should advocate for psychosocial resources to help mitigate these adverse effects and support the well-being of immigrant populations.
Current application of recycled waste plastics as a sustainable materials: A review on availability, processing and application
Authors: Oladele Isiaka Oluwole , Okoro Christian Junior , Adelani Samson Oluwagbenga , Agbeboh Newton Itua , Betiku Olakunle Timothy
Published: April 2024

Interest in green environment and sustainable materials in agreement with government regulations have been the motivating force for researchers and various industries globally in recent times. This current need for novel materials along with ever-increasing environmental apprehensions has prompted global researchers to intensify their activities in repurposing waste plastics. Waste plastics in many parts of the world, present a substantial menace to the environment on a global scale underscoring the necessity of this review to spotlight methods for safely and economically managing and converting these materials into valuable end products. The review paper reveals the accessibility and vast potential of a class of materials that was previously deemed as waste but now finding beneficial applications. Hence, diverse sectors where products from waste plastic-based materials are applicable such as construction, electronics, agriculture, automotive, household goods, sports gear, and fossil fuel were considered. Thus, the review reveals waste plastics as readily accessible raw materials for various applications, thereby, aiding in environmental pollution mitigation efforts and value addition to waste plastics.
The Association of Vision and Hearing Impairment on Cognitive Function and Loneliness: Evidence From the Mexican Health and Aging Study
Authors: Hreha K. , Samper-Ternent R. , Whitson H. E. , Downer L. P. , West J. S. , Downer B.
Published: April 2024

Objectives: We investigated whether self-reported vision and hearing were associated with cognitive function and loneliness among Mexican adults aged 50 and older. Methods: Mexican Health and Aging Study data. Vision/hearing status was self-reported (excellent-very good, good, fair-poor). Cognition was measured using nine tasks. Loneliness was measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Analyses controlled for demographic and health characteristics. Results: Among 12,353 participants (mean age = 67, 58% female), poor vision, but not hearing, was associated with lower global cognition (β = −0.03, p < .05). Poor vision (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.30–1.91) and hearing (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.14–1.61) were associated with higher odds of being lonely after adjusting for demographics and comorbidities, but not when adjusting for limitations in daily activities and depressive symptoms. Discussion: Poor vision is a potentially modifiable risk factor for lower cognition and loneliness among Mexican adults. These associations are partly due to functional characteristics of older adults with poor vision.
Awareness and adoption of anti-plagiarism software in India: A case study of ShodhShuddhi
Authors: Singh Varsha , Singh Avinash Kumar
Published: April 2024

Background

Academic writing is essential for researchers to present the research output in a legitimate manner with a precise and clear representation of research data, but few have mastered the art of writing well. Research and researchers are responsible for upholding academic honesty, integrity, and ethics. Needless to say, plagiarism has been around since antiquity, but it has never been as pervasive as it is now. Plagiarism is gradually ingraining itself into our educational system. Pupils are increasingly using the Internet and ICT-based tools to find quick “shortcuts” to the worthwhile but time-consuming task of preparing research papers. Being the third-largest publishing nation, it is the duty of the stakeholders to uphold and work for publication excellence with research ethics and honesty. Since there are so many research articles being published, it is important to understand publishing ethics and anti-plagiarism software in the research domain. If authors are taking ideas from previously published documents or other authors’ works, it is important to ensure acknowledgment and credit in terms of citations, bibliographical references, providing in-text citations, footnotes, and quoting them in any standard citation style. Plagiarism can also be defined as the paraphrasing and text recycling of documents. The challenges in research, which compromise ethics, are also from different stages of research, which include fabrication and falsification of data, AI-based text-generating tools, test recycling, ghostwriting, image plagiarism, audio-to-text-converting tools, etc. A one-stop solution to address all these issues on a single platform is not feasible as it involves multi-level checks and proper policy blended to be implemented at many levels.

Objectivity

In this paper, analysis and study examine the national awareness of anti-plagiarism software. The primary objectives of the study are to raise awareness and investigate the current state and status of the use of anti-plagiarism software in Bharat (PDS).

Methodology

The data was collected through the portals and websites of ShodhShuddhi, Shodhganga, and the INFLIBNET Centre. Initiated with 200 universities in the year 2015, about 1086 higher education institutions (HEIs) are provided with PDS under ShodhShuddhi, out of which 894 institutions are active in using software for checking similarities. Three years of usage by active institutions are taken for analysis and study by 1.3 lakh faculty members and research scholars. The increase in usage, even during COVID time, shows that awareness is created in the nation, and the percentage of similarity in first document submission is also coming down gradually in the nation. Character building in academic matters and innovations are key outcomes that can be achieved by addressing plagiarism to strive for a knowledge-based nation.
Biases in Improvement Decisions: People Focus on the Relative Reduction in Bad Outcomes
Authors: Ryan William H. , Baum Stephen M. , Evers Ellen R. K.
Published: April 2024

People often decide whether to invest scarce resources—such as time, money, or energy—to improve their chances of a positive outcome. For example, a doctor might decide whether to utilize scarce medicine to improve a patient’s chances of recovery, or a student might decide whether to study a few additional hours to increase their chances of passing an exam. We conducted 11 studies ( N = 5,342 adults) and found evidence that people behave as if they focus on the relative reduction in bad outcomes caused by such improvements. As a consequence, the same improvements (e.g., 10-percentage-point improvements) are valued very differently depending on whether one’s initial chances of success are high or low. This focus on the relative reduction of bad outcomes drives risk preferences that violate normative standards (Studies 1a–1g and 2a), is amplified when decisions become more consequential (Study 2b), and leads even experienced professionals to make suboptimal decisions (Study 3).
Distinction within the ‘global north’? A Bourdieusian approach for analysing development discourse: The case of U.S. and E.U. relations with the Colombian state (2016–2022): A comparative analysis
Authors: Corten Hugo
Published: April 2024

The paper conducts a comparative analysis of EU (91 texts) and US (93 texts) discourses concerning post-peace accord Colombia (late 2016 to mid-2022). Employing a Bourdieu-influenced methodology, our proposal aims to reconcile Post-Development theories with International Relations research. This innovative and multidimensional approach illuminates both discursive continuities within Global North while concurrently providing a framework that allows to identify and interpret internal political divergences. Our findings highlight a shared commitment to a liberal conception of peacebuilding, alongside internal distinction strategies employed to legitimize respective policies towards Colombia.
Upregulation of PD-1 and its ligands and expansion of T peripheral helper cells in the nephritic kidneys of lupus-prone BXSB-Yaa mice
Authors: Moriyama Rina , Katsumata Yasuhiro , Okamoto Yuko , Harigai Masayoshi
Published: April 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the role of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway and T peripheral helper (Tph) cells in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis using lupus-prone BXSB- Yaa mice.

Methods

Male BXSB- Yaa mice and age-matched male C57BL/6 mice were used. The expression of PD-1 and its ligands (programmed cell death 1 ligand-1, PD-L1 and programmed cell death 1 ligand-2, PD-L2) and the phenotypes of kidney-derived cells and splenocytes expressing these molecules were analyzed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.

Results

Nephritis spontaneously developed in 16-week-old but not in 8-week-old BXSB- Yaa or C57BL/6 mice. PD-1 was expressed on CD4+ mononuclear cells (MNCs) that infiltrated the glomeruli of 16-week-old BXSB- Yaa mice. The frequency of CD4+PD-1+CXCR5−ICOS+ kidney-derived Tph cells was higher in 16-week-old than in 8-week-old BXSB- Yaa and C57BL/6 mice, whereas the frequency of CD4+PD-1+CXCR5+ICOS+ kidney-derived T follicular helper (Tfh) cells was not significantly different between the mice. PD-L1 was constitutively expressed in the renal tubules. PD-L2 was expressed in the glomeruli of 16-week-old BXSB- Yaa mice. The frequency of PD-L1highCD11c+CD3−CD19- and PD-L2+CD11c+CD3−CD19- kidney-derived MNCs in 16-week-old BXSB- Yaa mice was significantly higher than that of the control mice. The percentage of kidney-derived Tph cells but not Tfh cells was correlated with the urinary protein levels in the nephritic mice.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that kidney-infiltrating PD-1+ Tph cells expanded concomitantly with the upregulation of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in the kidneys and the progression of lupus nephritis.
Britannia Industries: A Valuation Dilemma
Authors: Dawar Varun , Chaudhury Arit
Published: April 2024

Abhay Khanna, an independent financial advisor based in Delhi, consistently seeks out companies with strong fundamentals and potential for long-term growth to benefit his clients. Recently, he assessed the financial records of Britannia Industries, a prominent Indian food company, wondering whether it might be undervalued in the current market. To assess this, he employed the widely used multi-stage dividend discount model to determine its intrinsic value. This involved forecasting Britannia Industries’ future financial statements and dividends, prompting Abhay to carefully consider various assumptions and predictions to identify a potentially undervalued investment opportunity. This scenario presents students with the role of equity research analysts tasked with evaluating Britannia Industries’ financial worth using dividend discount valuation techniques.
COVID-19 Research Output from South Asia: A Scientometric Analysis of Highly Cited Papers
Authors: Gupta Brij Mohan , Mamdapur Ghouse Modin N. , Vaish Abhishek , Vaishya Raju
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:

Highly cited papers (HCPs) can influence both research and clinical practice. They help to identify core literature and important advances in a field. This study aimed to assess the current status and prospects of South Asia COVID-19 research from the HCPs using bibliometric indicators.

Methodology:

COVID-19 literature from South Asia published between December 2019 and 29 November 2023 in the Scopus database was analysed. The top HCPs, having more than 200 citations, were evaluated. Information about citation counts, authors and organisations and their affiliations, year of publication, source journal, geographical origin, subject, article type, funding details, etc. were retrieved and analysed. Data and visualisation analysis was undertaken using Microsoft Excel and other bibliometric software.

Results:

The 298 South Asia HCPs were published from 2020 to 2023 and were cited 200–3,596 times, with a mean average of 413.9 citations per paper (CPP). Around 24.5% and 51.3% of HCPs received external funding support and were involved in international collaboration, respectively. The most productive organisations were the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, and the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, while the most impactful organisations were Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, and Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital & Medical Research Institute, Mumbai. The most productive journals were Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.

Conclusions:

This study has identified core and significant authors, organisations, journals, subject fields and significant keywords, collaborators and funding agencies involved in South Asia’s COVID-19 research.
Measurement Tools of Child Neglect from 2003 to 2023: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Shiqin , Xia Xinger , Liu Yu , Zhang Huiping
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of the main child neglect measures published between 2003 and 2023. Method: Six databases were searched. The methodological quality and psychometric properties of the identified measures were appraised through the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments checklist. Results: A total of 39 measures were identified across the 66 studies that met the relevant inclusion criteria. The most commonly used measurement tool was The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (original or modified version), with the Child Neglect Questionnaire also showing great promise. Internal consistency was the most reported and robust psychometric property, with responsiveness, criterion validity, and measurement error being understudied. Conclusion: No instrument demonstrated a sufficient level of evidence across all criteria. Further research is required to validate the effectiveness of new and existing instruments. This can be achieved by employing higher-quality methods and assessing all psychometric properties.
Channel Choice via On-Line Platform
Authors: Gilbert Stephen M , Hotkar Parshuram , Liu Chuanjun
Published: April 2024

Several major on-line platforms operate two channels: An agency channel in which suppliers retain control over prices and quantities and pay a portion of sales revenue to the platform, and a reselling channel in which the platform purchases goods from the supplier and resells them to consumers. These two channels run in parallel and many suppliers interact with only one of them. Although it is quite easy for a supplier to sell through a platform’s agency channel, they must typically be invited to participate in the reselling channel. We develop a model of a powerful platform that can offer a supplier a two-part contract to induce it to participate in its reselling channel instead of its agency channel. When the supplier sells through the platform’s agency channel, we find that if the competition among the traditional resellers is at least moderate and the on-line platform is a close enough substitute for traditional resale channel, then the equilibrium quantities sold through the on-line and traditional channels both exceed the first best quantities. This would not occur if the supplier sold through either the on-line or the traditional channel in isolation. Nor would it occur if the supplier sold through the platform’s reselling channel. As a consequence, we find that when competition among traditional resellers is at least moderate, and both the commission rate and the substitutability between the on-line platform and the traditional resale channel are sufficiently high, there is a Pareto improving reselling contract between the supplier and the platform.
Ten Most Influential Papers From the First Thirty Years of the Production and Operations Management Journal
Authors: Kumar Subodha , Singhal Vinod R
Published: April 2024

We describe the process used to identify the ten most influential papers published in the Production and Operations Management ( POM) journal in its first thirty years. We also briefly discuss and highlight the selected papers.
Translation and Psychometric Validation of the German Version of the Iceland–Family Perceived Support Questionnaire (ICE-FPSQ): A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Freudiger Katinka , Verweij Lotte , Naef Rahel
Published: April 2024

Supporting families experiencing critical illness through family interventions is essential to ease illness burden, enable family management, and reduce their risk for adverse health. Thus far, there is no validated German instrument to measure the perceived support families receive from nurses. We translated the 14-item Iceland–Family Perceived Support Questionnaire (ICE-FPSQ) and tested its psychometric properties with 77 family members of intensive care patients. Compared with the original instrument, the construct validity of the German ICE-FPSQ (FPSQ-G) showed unstable results with a partially divergent structure, most likely caused by the limited sample size. The first two principal components explained 61% of the overall variance and a good internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha of .92. The FPSQ-G is a promising instrument to measure family members’ perceptions of the support they received from nurses in the acute critical care setting but requires further validation.
Shunted piezoelectric patch adaptive vibration absorber set to maximise electric power absorption: A comparison between parallel and series RL-shunts
Authors: Gardonio Paolo , Rodrigues Gabriel Konda
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a comparative study on two types of shunted piezoelectric patch adaptive vibration absorbers, which can be bonded in batches on thin-walled structures to control the broad-band resonant response of low order flexural modes. The self-contained control units are formed by a thin piezoelectric patch connected either to a series or to a parallel resistive-inductive (RL) network. The two components of the shunt are adapted online in such a way as to maximise the time-averaged electric power absorbed by the shunt, which corresponds to minimising the time-averaged total flexural response of the hosting structure. The study considers a practical demonstrator formed by a thin rectangular plate with five piezoelectric patches connected to digital RL-shunts, which is excited in bending by a stationary white noise point force. The aim of the paper is to contrast the tuning and vibration control properties of the series and parallel RL shunts. More specifically, the online implementation of a recursive two-paths tuning strategy along R-constant and L-constant paths with an extremum seeking gradient search algorithm is analysed first for the two types of shunts. Then, the vibration control performance produced by the two types of shunts is investigated for the case where they are tuned to control the resonant response of the first flexural mode of the plate.