bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodological Conditions for the Formation of Natural Science Literacy of Students when Studying the Human Body in School Biology
Authors:   Mordovian State Pedagogical University named after M. E. Evseviev, Jakunchev Mihail Aleksandrovich , Markinov Ivan Fedorovich ,   Mordovian State Pedagogical University named after M. E. Evseviev, Osinin Roman V. ,   Mordovian State Pedagogical University named after M. E. Evseviev
Published: November 2024

The article actualizes the problem of the formation of natural science literacy of students. Its development takes place during the study of academic subjects, including biology with a section on man as a biosocial being. The potential of the section in the formation of this literacy is indicated if methodological conditions are determined. The purpose of the article. Clarification and general characteristics of the methodological conditions for the purposeful formation of functional literacy of students in the study of the human body in school biology for their further concretization and upcoming experimental testing in subject training. Research methodology. It is presented as part of the general scientific (philosophical) idea of personal improvement, specifically scientific (pedagogical), which is expressed by the socio-cultural approach, the principle of connection between theory and practice of teaching and the provision on the activation of cognitive activity of students. Research methods. Analysis of the literature to determine the methodological conditions for the formation of functional literacy of students, description of their essential characteristics; abstraction, generalization, systematization and generalization of research materials. Conclusion. For the formation of natural science literacy of students in the study of the human body, methodological conditions have been identified and meaningfully filled in – the specification of goals and objectives, the definition of educational material, the allocation and use of forms of organization and teaching methods, the performance of practice-oriented tasks.
Modern Trends in Continuing Professional Development of Teachers: an International Review
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Dudina Elena A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. This international review addresses the phenomenon of teachers’ continuing professional development (CPD), its current trends, models, as well as factors and technologies contributing to its effectiveness. The aim of the article is to reveal and analyse modern international trends of teachers’ (CPD) presented in research articles by international scholars by means of explaining the main issues of CPD theory, describing its models and criteria of effectiveness. Methodology. The author applied the following methods: review and analysis of international research literature devoted to teachers’ CPD, systematization and summarizing the research data. Results. The first part of the review outlines the theoretical framework of CPD. According to previous international studies, the methodology of CPD is based on a range of theories including the propositions of the Rational Choice Theory and principles of Adult Education Theory. The second part describes nine key models of CPD (training, award-bearing, deficit, cascade, standards-based, coaching/mentoring, community of practice, action research and transformative) identified by Aileen Kennedy (the UK) and classified by the researcher according to their capacity for supporting professional autonomy and transformative practice. The next part is devoted to design principles for effective CPD programmes. They include professional collaboration and co-learning, intensiveness and long-term support of participants of the programme, utilizing solution-oriented and practice-oriented methods, etc. Conclusion. The article concludes about current international trends in teachers’ CPD.
Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for newborns dried blood spot thyroglobulin
Authors: Fuentes Peña Camilo , Opazo María Cecilia , Méndez Luis , Riedel Claudia , Hauquier Bernard , Marcelis Lionel , Cotton Frédéric , Moreno-Reyes Rodrigo
Published: November 2024

Background

Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a biomarker of iodine status. Newborn Tg is a more sensitive marker than neonatal TSH in detecting variations in iodine intake. This study aims to validate an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Tg determination on dried blood spots (DBS) in newborns. This study also sets out to assess the stability of Tg and the influence of newborns’ hematocrit on Tg determination.

Methods

A commercially available ELISA Tg assay was adapted for use on DBS. DBS-Tg in cord blood was measured in 209 newborns delivered from healthy euthyroid pregnant women. Sensitivity, linearity, repeatability, and intermediate fidelity were determined using the appropriate standards and quality control materials.

Results

The limit of detection of the DBS-Tg assay was 2.4 µg/L, and the limit of quantification was 5.8 µg/L. Repeatability and intermediate fidelity were 7.7–8.3% and 11.0–11.2%, respectively. The median cord plasma Tg and DBS-Tg values in newborns were not significantly different, 30.2 (21.3–44.4) µg/L and 31.6 (19.3–48.7) µg/L (P = 0.48) with the ELISA, respectively, and 76.5 (40.0–101.5) µg/L with the Elecsys assay with an R = 0.88. DBS-Tg concentrations decrease with increasing hematocrit values (P < 0.05). DBS-Tg values were stable at a concentration of 25 µg/L for 12 months at −20ºC and 4ºC.

Conclusion

This DBS-Tg assay demonstrated good analytical performance over a wide range of Tg concentrations, suggesting it is well suited to detecting variations in Tg concentrations. Studies comparing populations with different prevalence of anemia should consider the effect of hematocrit on DBS-Tg determination. The availability of a DBS-Tg assay for newborns makes it possible to integrate iodine status monitoring with newborn screening for inherited metabolic diseases.
El pasado y las letras: representaciones históricas y literarias sobre la provincia de Limón, Costa Rica (1900-1960)
Authors: Pacheco Calderón Daniela
Published: November 2024

This article analyzes the historical and literary representations in the novels Murámonos, Federico by Joaquín Gutiérrez Mangel and Limón Blues by Anacristina Rossi, set in the banana plantations of Costa Rica in the first six decades of the 20th century. The narrative provided by the works was supported by primary documentation, especially local newspapers and testimonies of the time, which provided greater contextualization, interpretation and breadth to the topic. The research seeks to highlight the viability of using literature as a pedagogical tool in teaching History, integrating variables related to the literary landscape, daily life and social groups that were reflected in both novels. Likewise, the study encourages critical analysis, innovation in discursive expressions and strengthening literary interpretation from a historical point of view.
ВЛИЯНИЕ БАЗАЛЬТОВЫХ ВОЛОКОН НА ФИЗИКО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЕ, ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫЕ И ДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА РЕЗИНЫ ДЛЯ ПОДРЕЛЬСОВЫХ ПРОКЛАДОК
Authors: Е.Н. ЕГОРОВ , С.И. САНДАЛОВ , Н.И. КОЛЬЦОВ
Published: November 2024

Исследовано влияние базальтовых волокон на реометрические, физико-механические, эксплуатационные и динамические (вибропоглощающие) свойства резины, используемой для подрельсовых прокладок. Резиновая смесь на основе бутадиен-метилстирольного (СКМС-30АРК), изопренового (СКИ-3) и бутадиен-нитрильного (СКН 2655) каучуков включала вулканизующие агенты (сера, N,N′-дитиодиморфолин, тетраметилтиурамдисульфид), ускоритель вулканизации (N-циклогексил-2-бензотиазолсульфенамид), активаторы вулканизации (оксид цинка, стеариновая кислота), мягчители (масло индустриальное И-12А, канифоль), противостарители (N-фенил-N′-изопропил-пара-фенилендиамин, воск ЗВ-П, ацетонанил Н), наполнители (каолин, технический углерод марок N 220 и П 514, диоксид кремния Zeosil 1165 МP) и другие ингредиенты. Показано, что с возрастанием содержания базальтовых волокон в резиновой смеси наблюдается увеличение прочностных свойств и твердости вулканизатов. Базальтовые волокна уменьшают изменения упруго-прочностных характеристик вулканизатов после суточного термоокислительного старения на воздухе и воздействия стандартной нефтяной жидкости СЖР-1. Улучшенными динамическими (вибродемпфирующими) свойствами обладает вулканизат резиновой смеси, включающий 12.0 мас. ч. базальтовых волокон на 100.0 мас. ч. каучуков.

The effect of basalt fibres on the rheometric, physical-mechanical, performance and dynamic (vibration absorbing) properties of rubber used for rail fastenings is investigated. The rubber mixture based on butadiene-methylstyrene (SKMS-30ARK), isoprene (SKI-3) and butadiene-nitrile (SKN 2655) caoutchoucs contained also vulcanising agents (sulphur, N,N′ -dithiodimorpholine, tetramethylthiuram disulphide), vulcanisation accelerator ( N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulphenamide), vulcanisation activators (zinc oxide, stearic acid), softeners (industrial oil I-12A, rosin), antioxidants ( N-phenyl- N'-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine, wax ZV-P, acetonanil N), fillers (kaolin, carbon black of N 220 and P 514 grades, silicon dioxide Zeosil 1165 MP) and other ingredients. The strength properties and hardness of the vulcanisates are observed to increase with an increase in the content of basalt fibres in the rubber mixture. Basalt fibres reduce changes in the elastic-strength parameters of vulcanisates after daily thermal aging in air and under the action of the standard petroleum fluid SZhR-1. The improved dynamic (vibration damping) properties are exhibited by vulcanised rubber containing 12.0 phr basalt fibres.
Analysis of the renal biopsy database of patients from a nephrology and dialysis center
Authors: Logemann Patricia , Vieira Gabriela Sobral , Pereira Japão Drose , Echeverria Silveira Samile Sallaberry , Angarita Jaime Carlos Alberto , Sobral Vieira Cinthia Kruger
Published: November 2024

Renal biopsy is an essential tool for diagnosing many conditions that affect the kidneys. It is the gold standard test for detecting glomerulopathies and parenchymal renal disease and, therefore, helps determine the best treatment for the diagnosed disease.1–4 Percutaneous renal biopsy, commonly performed under ultrasound guidance, is the most commonly used approach, as it is less invasive and can be performed on an outpatient basis. Because of the invasive nature of the procedure, complications are not uncommon. This study aims to analyze the results of biopsies collected at a tertiary referral center in Brazil. We evaluated whether the quality of the tissue sample obtained was sufficient to diagnose the focal lesion and, therefore, establish a diagnosis and treatment for the patient. An epidemiological analysis of the patients undergoing the procedure was also performed, as well as a survey of the main complications related to it.
A taxonomic re-evaluation of Pittosporum roimata Gemmill & S.N. Carter (Pittosporaceae, Apiales)
Authors:   School of Environmental and Animal Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology, Private Bag 92025, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, James C.J. , de Lange P.J. ,   School of Environmental and Animal Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology, Private Bag 92025, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
Published: November 2024

Pittosporum roimata Gemmill & S.N. Carter (Pittosporaceae, Apiales) was established in 2018 as an endemic species confined to the Poor Knights Islands group, off the eastern coastline of Northland Aotearoa / New Zealand. The new species was distinguished from P. cornifolium A. Cunn. on the basis of vegetative characters (leaf length, width, petiole length), floral characters (pedicel length, flower colour), and numbers of fruit per stem. The new species was also reported as differing from P. cornifolium by a single substitution within the nrITS cistron, with that data obtained from a paper that did not provide a phylogenetic interpretation of this result, nor specify whether the cultivated plants used were derived from seed obtained from multiple individuals or from cutting grown plants from a limited wild-sourced selection. In this paper the same morphological characters used to separate P. roimata are examined using a much wider sampling of P. cornifolium, and the specimens available for P. roimata. There are very slight differences in leaf width and length, petiole length, and pedicel length in Poor Knights Islands P. roimata specimens seen also in some collections from other northern Aotearoa / New Zealand offshore islands and some mainland stations. Flower colour is not a useful character as this is variable in P. roimata and P. cornifolium, as it is also in many other Aotearoa / New Zealand Pittosporum. On the basis of our morphological assessment we conclude that to maintain the segregation of P. roimata from P. cornifolium at the species rank is impractical, as there is a grading of characters between both species. As plants corresponding to P. roimata occur throughout the range of P. cornifolium, already a variable species, we suggest that, in line with other treatments of Aotearoa / New Zealand Pittosporum, it is better to reduce P. roimata into synonymy of P. cornifolium.
A new record of Colchicum fominii (Colchicaceae) in Odesa Region
Authors:   Institute of Marine Biology of the NAS of Ukraine, 37 Pushkinska Str., Odesa 65048, Ukraine, Kalashnik K.S. , Koshelev O.V. ,   Institute of Marine Biology of the NAS of Ukraine, 37 Pushkinska Str., Odesa 65048, Ukraine, Kurakin A.P. ,   Institute of Marine Biology of the NAS of Ukraine, 37 Pushkinska Str., Odesa 65048, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

A new record of the rare species Colchicum fominii (Colchicaceae) in Odesa Region is reported. The new locality was recorded on the steppe slope in the Kuchurhan River valley near Hayivka village, Rozdilna District. Its total area was 60,000 m2, with the maximum plant density of 12 individuals per 1 m2. In order to fully assess the state of the population of C. fominii, it is recommended to carry out studies in spring during the formation of leaves and fruits, as the number of flowering plants in a locality depends on the amount of precipitation before or during flowering. At present, the locus classicus of C. fominii has been transformed into a synanthropic habitat with intensive overgrowth of trees, shrubs and weeds, which negatively affects the general state of the population of C. fominii. The new habitat of C. fominii has a high potential for the development and conservation of the species in the Kuchurgan River valley and requires certain protection measures, in particular, the establishment of a botanical reserve.
The Dynamics of Lampung Pepper Trade Network in 16th - 18th Century
Authors: Hamid Abd Rahman
Published: November 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamics of Lampung's pepper trade in regional and international networks in the 16th to 18th centuries with three focuses: Lampung's position in the Nusantara shipping routes, the pepper production system in Lampung, and Lampung's pepper trade network. MethodThis study used the historical method, which consists of four stages: heuristics (collecting historical sources), external and internal source criticism, interpretation, and historiography (writing history). The data sources used were local and foreign sources to explain the focus of the study. Results/FindingsThe results found that Lampung had an important role in developing the maritime trade network due to its strategic location on the Nusantara shipping route, especially after the Portuguese controlled the port of Malacca in 1511. Following this situation, Banten became a major international pepper port city in the Sunda Strait. The primary source of pepper was from Lampung. This activity formed four trade networks between Lampung and Banten, Palembang, Batavia (Netherlands) and Bengkulu (UK). Before the second half of the 17th century, the network was stronger with Banten and Palembang, but afterward, it shifted under the influence of Batavia and Bengkulu. All parties used all possible ways to get the Lampung pepper.   ConclusionThis study shows that Lampung pepper was a significant factor driving Lampung's history and contribution to regional and international trade networks over two centuries.
Ritual, Religion, and Reform: The Impact of Khuruj on the Tablighi Jamaat Community
Authors: Asrori Saifudin
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis article examined the impact of Khurûj, a ritual practice of the Tablighi Jamaat, on personal transformation and community solidarity. Khurûj, practiced as a form of worship, aims to encourage adherence to Islamic teachings and foster brotherhood among Muslims. This activity served as a means of both self and communal reform, enhancing individual influence within the community and building a sense of belonging and support MethodThrough a qualitative study of the Tablighi Jamaat community in Jakarta, this research highlighted how Khurûj influenced personal development, deepens spiritual experiences, and strengthens communal bonds. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with members who participated in Khurûj for more than five years, and participatory observation during Khurûj activities. Thematic analysis revealed key themes such as personal transformation, spiritual growth, and enhanced community solidarity Results/findingsThe study underscored the crucial role of ritual interactions in reinforcing social bonds and religious identity among members. Despite perceptions of isolationism, the findings show significant social engagement, including efforts to combat drug use and provide community services, demonstrating a positive contribution to broader society ConclusionThe concludes that Khurûj is valuable for fostering religious adherence and community cohesion, and further research is needed to explore its long-term impacts and influence in different socio-political contexts
Ideologies in English-Indonesian Dissertation Abstracts Translation: An Explanatory Case Study
Authors: Farkhan Muhammad , Sayogie Frans
Published: November 2024

PurposeThe study aimed to reveal how the students applied the ideology of domestication and foreignization in producing Indonesian-English dissertation abstracts on Islamic studies.MethodUsing a qualitative approach with an explanatory case study design, it relied on Indonesian and English abstracts as the primary data sources, taken randomly from the repository of UIN Jakarta. As the main instrument, the researcher compared the English abstracts to Indonesian ones syntactically and lexically to identify the implemented strategies that reflect the translation ideology of domestication and foreignization.Result/FindingThe study revealed that in translating sentences from the SL to the TL, the dominant strategies involving some lexical and grammatical changes were a reader-oriented process; while in translating culture-specific items from the SL to the TL, the dominant strategies were a writer-oriented process with fewer changes or adaptation.ConclusionThe study concludes that the foreignization ideology dominates translating culture specific items, while the domestication ideology hegemonies translating sentences of the dissertation abstracts.
Moderation of Islam and Modern Western Culture: A Postcolonial Studies of Salah Asuhan Novel
Authors: Kamil Sukron , Nisa Mauidlotun
Published: November 2024

PurposeAmong the controversial issues in the 20th  century, even today, was the Islam's relationship with modern Western culture, whether it should be rejected, accepted, or critically accepted (adaptive adoption patterns). This article discussed this topic based on a study of Salah Asuhan by Abdoel Moeis as Idonesian Novel which was published in 1928. MethodThe study was conducted using a qualitative research method based on literature research enriched by a study of scientific literature. The theory used is the theory of postcolonialism and the construction of religious moderation of Islam. Results/findingsThis research found that the Salah Asuhan Novel was a construction of the author's moderate attitude towards Islam, its relationship with modern Western culture. In it, there was not only Moeis resistance to modern Western culture as a domination and a product of colonialism, but also adaptive adoption (hybridity), in which modern Western culture in general had to be handled by sorting/selecting. The pattern of Islamic moderation in the sense of a middle way was mostly adopted by Moeis,  although moderation was also adopted in the sense of emphasizing on upholding justice, considering the public benefit, especially eliminating inhuman difficulties as a point of view.  ConclusionIn cultural issues, Moeis in the novel tended to have to not fully accept modern Western culture. For example on science and technology, humanism, including feminism, the importance of legal evidence such as marriage with a legal marriage certificate, and educational patterns that emphasize religion, but also modern science.
Factors Associated With Sudden Unexpected Postnatal Collapse
Authors: Colvin Jeffrey D. , Shaw Esther , Hall Matt , Moon Rachel Y.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Sudden unexpected postnatal collapse (SUPC) is a category of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID), limited to previously well infants born at ≥34 weeks’ gestation who die suddenly and unexpectedly at ≤6 days of age. We compared SUPC risk factors to SUID at older ages.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 2010–2020 SUID deaths in the National Fatality Review Case Reporting System, excluding SUPC occurring in the birth hospital. Our main outcome was age at death: ≤6 days (SUPC) versus occurring from 7 days old but not having reached their first birthday. We performed multivariable logistic regression using stepwise selection.

RESULTS

Of 6051 SUID deaths, 98 (1.6%) were SUPC. The median SUPC age was 4 days. A higher percentage of SUPC deaths occurred with surface sharing (73.5% versus 59.6%; odds ratio, 2.74 [1.59–4.73]). Infants who died of SUPC had higher odds of a mother ≥40 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 13.1 [95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3–51.4]), being the first live birth (aOR, 4.0 [95% CI, 2.4–6.9]), being swaddled (aOR, 2.7 [95% CI, 1.7–4.1]), and of dying after their caregiver fell asleep while feeding (aOR, 2.6 [95% CI, 1.6–4.4]).

CONCLUSIONS

Common SUID risk factors, including surface sharing and prone position, were present in SUPC deaths. However, compared with SUID at older ages, SUPC was associated with older and primiparous mothers, swaddling, and the caregiver falling asleep while feeding the infant. Clinicians should reinforce all American Academy of Pediatrics’ safe sleep recommendations and provide guidance regarding situations when parents may fall asleep during a feeding.
Using Sudden Unexpected Infant Death-Case Registry Data to Drive Prevention
Authors: Lowell Gina S. , Clark Felicia , Ahadi Rojin , Quinlan Kyran P.
Published: November 2024

Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) is a major contributor to infant death and a persistent public health issue. After an initial decline after the 1994 “Back to Sleep” campaign, SUID numbers plateaued. Currently, ∼10 infants die suddenly and unexpectedly each day in the United States. In 2019, we established a surveillance system for SUID in Cook County, Illinois, partnering our academic medical center, the Cook County Medical Examiner’s Office, and child death review to create the Cook County SUID Case Registry. Our data show that, in Cook County, including the city of Chicago, ∼1 infant dies unexpectedly during sleep every week. Of these SUID, ∼25% were because of suffocation/possible suffocation. SUID peaks at 30 to 60 days old. SUID rates are 15 times higher in non-Hispanic Black infants and 3 times higher in Hispanic infants, compared with white infants. Nearly all involved 1 or more unsafe sleep factors. SUID are concentrated in community areas experiencing high hardship. Through our Community Partnership Approaches for Safe Sleep–Chicago team, we have developed collaborative prevention approaches in affected communities, allowing for conversations with families and those who support them to better understand barriers to safe sleep that they experience. These partnerships and our data allow for tailoring of informed prevention approaches to address upstream factors driving disproportionate infant mortality in historically disinvested communities, as well as optimizing the immediate risks posed by the infant sleep environment. Data from our system show the number of SUID declining modestly since our prevention work began.
Understanding Natural Disaster or Weather-Related Drowning Deaths Among Children
Authors: Hillers Gabrielle M. , Joy Susanna C. , Chatham-Stephens Kevin , Collier Abigael , Gentry Brittany , Bélanger-Giguère Kim , Clemens Tessa
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES

Drowning is the leading cause of death during flood disasters. Little is known about these deaths. Child death review teams review details of child deaths to understand circumstances and risk factors to inform prevention.

METHODS

Using data entered in 2005 to 2021 for children ages 0 to 17 years from the National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System, we identified 130 drowning deaths directly attributed to natural disaster or weather incidents, and 14 deaths indirectly attributed to these incidents. Frequencies, proportions, and χ2 statistics were used to describe selected measures and compare with other drowning deaths.

RESULTS

Children who drowned as a direct result of a natural disaster- or weather-related incident were more likely to be aged >4 years (81% vs 40%, P < .001) and located in a rural or frontier setting (63% vs 30%, P < .001). They were more likely to be supervised at the time of the incident (61% vs 38%, P < .001), and it was more likely for additional children (35% vs 5%, P < .001) or adults (33% vs 3%, P < .001) to have perished. The indirect deaths were commonly a result of damage to protective barriers.

CONCLUSIONS

The characteristics of natural disaster- or weather-related drowning deaths among children differ from other drowning deaths. Natural disaster- or weather-related drowning may warrant tailored drowning prevention strategies. Improved surveillance of all water-related deaths may be a proactive action leading to the development of these prevention strategies, whereas poststorm remediation of protective barriers can be used as a reactive prevention after a storm has passed.
On the Fringes of History
Authors: Harsanyi Doina , Harsanyi Nicolae
Published: November 2024

Dr Nicolae Harsanyi taught English literature and language at the University of Timisoara, Romania. Doina Harsanyi, MA, taught French in the Transylvanian town of Târgu Mures until1986, when she joined the University of Timisoara as a researcher. 1n 1988 she translated into Romanian Brillat-Savarin's classic gastronomical essay La Physiologie du Goût in 1990 both moved to the USA. After three years of teaching at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Nicolae completed a year-fellowship at the National Humanities Center in North Carolina. Doina is enrolled in the PhD program in history at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Henrietta Green: New Country Kitchen
Authors: D. J.M.
Published: November 2024

Henrietta Green: New Country Kitchen: Conran Octopus, London, 1994: ISBN 1 85029 366 X: 256 pp, lots of colour photographs by Jess Koppel, index, p'back, £9.99 (also available in hard cover).
Selection of the base for a topical pharmaceutical form for stump care after prosthetic fitting
Authors: Kovalevska Inna , Slipchenko Halyna , Maslii Yuliia , Herbina Nataliia , Ruban Olena , Ivaniuk Olena
Published: November 2024

The aim of the work. Rehabilitation of patients with amputation of the lower limbs is an urgent task of society. Currently, the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine lacks medicinal products for stump care of domestic production. Therefore, the aim of this work was to research the selection of the basis of soft medicine for the care of stumps after prosthetics.
Materials and methods. The objects of the study were samples of a soft medicinal product on an emulsion basis. Gelling agents (aristoflex, xanthan gum, aerosil) were used as regulators of the structural and mechanical parameters of soft medicine. Research was conducted using a set of studies to determine organoleptic and structural-mechanical indicators.
Results. According to the results of the organoleptic analysis, according to the indicators of homogeneity, the presence of delamination, samples were selected for further research, where aristoflex and xanthan gum were used as a thickener. According to the results of structural and mechanical studies, it was established that the samples with xanthan gum have a satisfactory degree of spreading and adhesiveness, which increases with increasing exposure to mechanical forces. The determined values ​​of static and dynamic coefficients of friction testify to the sliding properties of samples with xanthan gum.
Conclusion. It was established that the addition of xanthan gum to the composition of the base would provide all the necessary characteristics for a soft medicine that is planned to be used in the care of the stump after prosthetics
The content and stability of ascorbic acid in commercial food supplements
Authors: Ain Raal , Meos Andres , Vutt Agne , Kirsimäe Herman , Ilina Тetiana , Kovaleva Alla , Koshovyi Oleh
Published: November 2024

Ascorbic acid is a well-known compound found in many vegetables and fruits. In medical practice, it is used in the composition of many drugs and food supplements. Taking into account the different quality of production of food supplements on the one hand and the lability of ascorbic acid on the other, it is important to analyze the real content of ascorbic acid in food supplements containing it.
The aim. The aim of the study was to compare the content of ascorbic acid in food supplements from different manufacturers to establish the stability of ascorbic acid over time and the relationship between the content of ascorbic acid and the shelf life of food supplements, as well as to investigate the relationship between the stability of ascorbic acid and the nature of its origin.
Materials and methods. 13 preparations of food supplements containing ascobrinic acid, which were sold in Estonian pharmacies or online environments at the time of the work, were analysed. Quantitative analysis of ascorbic acid was performed using the HPLC method.
Research results. It was found that in 11 out of 13 food supplements, the ascorbic acid content ranged from 78.5 % to 115.2 % of the nominal. For two samples, the ascorbic acid content was very low compared to that provided by the manufacturer (54.6-56.3 %). The content of ascorbic acid in three preparations does not meet the standards set by the European Commission (from -20 % to +50 %). Аfter 16 months of storage, a statistically significant change in the content of ascorbic acid occurred only in four samples, in which its content decreased (p<0.05) by about 7-21 mg. The ascorbic acid content in the other samples did not change for 16 months after storage of the opened packages. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the relative amount of ascorbic acid present in the preparation relative to the nominal was related to the origin of the substance, whereas the content of ascorbic acid of natural origin in preparations relative to the nominal was significantly lower than in preparations with a synthetic active substance.
Conclusions. The actual content of ascorbic acid in most solid preparations roughly corresponds to that stated on the label, usually slightly below it. In solid supplements containing ascorbic acid, its amount practically does not change after 16 months of shelf life. In preparations containing ascorbic acid of natural origin, it is found relatively less than in preparations containing synthetic ascorbic acid
Determination of the socially oriented role of pharmacists in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of patients with viral hepatitis
Authors: Kotvitska Alla , Volkova Alina , Nozdrina Almira , Surikova Iryna
Published: November 2024

Viral hepatitis (VH) is one of the most significant medical and social problems worldwide, posing a global threat to public health.
The aim of the study was to determine the socially oriented role of pharmacists in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of patients with VH, in particular in the implementation of decentralization of VH diagnostic services in Ukraine.
The study was based on statistical reports of the WHO, the Public Health Centre of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, international WHO guidelines on the diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of viral hepatitis, and scientific publications.
Results of the study. Taking into account the results of the analysis of world experience and based on the WHO Concept in cooperation with FIP ‘Seven Star Pharmacist’ and its modern interpretation, we have identified the current role of pharmacists in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of patients with VH.
Based on the recommendations of the WHO and the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, which define the pharmacist as a link in the support of pharmacotherapy for patients with VH, a model of information and advisory pharmaceutical service is proposed, which provides for the involvement of resources of the state and regional levels at the stages of need assessment, planning and control of the service, resources of health care facilities and pharmacies, and the stages of planning and implementation of the pharmaceutical service.
Noting the successful international experience and peculiarities of modern pharmaceutical care provided to patients with hypertension, we propose an adapted model of patient-pharmacist-physician interaction. This model is based on the fact that the pharmacist is one of the professional implementers of the state policy on providing the population of Ukraine with medicines and medical devices, and through the implementation of interaction with the patient and the doctor, based on the basic principles we have developed.
Thus, the analysis of approaches to defining the socially oriented role of pharmacists in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of patients with hypertension has become the basis for the development of models for the provision of information and advisory pharmaceutical services and a model of patient-pharmacist-physician interaction.
Conclusions. The implementation of the model of information and advisory pharmaceutical service and the model of patient-pharmacist-physician interaction in practice will facilitate the timely detection of threatening symptoms of a socially dangerous disease and, accordingly, the diagnosis of potential VH patients and their visit to a doctor and, as a result, will be a way to prevent irrational self-medication and ensure timely, economically justified pharmacotherapy for this category of patients
Evaluation of density and microgeometrical characteristics of glass-ionomer cement and composite resin fillings: a biomechanical ex vivo study
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Sadyrin Evgeny , Yogina Diana ,   Rostov State Medical University, Volkov Sergey , Aizikovich Sergei
Published: November 2024

Modern photopolymer filling (restorative) materials are important tools for practicing dental clinicians when treatment cannot be limited to non-invasive or minimally invasive dentistry methods. In this work, an ex vivo non-destructive study of the density of fillings from glass ionomer cement and composite resin on human teeth was carried out using X-ray computed microtomography (micro-CT). Using the technique of segmenting regions of interest on tooth microtomograms before and after dental intervention, the advantages of a composite material over glass ionomer cement were revealed, and the microstructure features of each material were studied. The density of the composite filling turned out to be closer to natural enamel compared to the density of the glass ionomer cement filling, it also contains a smaller number of artifacts, and the artifacts themselves are smaller in size. A separation of a filling from a composite resin into an outer and an inner layer was found during dental intervention. On the surface of a filling made of glass ionomer ce-ment, several regions of integrity violations in the form of large cavities were found. After the preparation of longitudinal sections of tooth samples, a study of the microgeomet-rical characteristics of fillings was carried out using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Analysis of the results showed the closeness of both the average roughness values and the maximum roughness height for a composite filling to those for natural sound enamel.
State-of-the-art possibilities of motion capture technologies in sport injuries research (review)
Authors:   Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Belova Anna , Rukina Natalia , Kuznetsov Alexei , Vorobyeva Olga
Published: November 2024

This review aims to consider current evidence regarding possibilities of using mo-tion capture systems in sport medicine. Biomechanical analysis of movements is an im-portant tool for preventing sports injuries and evaluating the rehabilitation effectiveness. Available technologies for locomotor functions study are discussed briefly. Recording principles, advantages and disadvantages of optoelectronic, electromagnetic, inertial and ultrasonic measuring systems are outlined. The paper discusses approaches to the motion capture systems selection based on the sport form (team or individual), study character (indoors or outdoors) and specific sports movements. It consideres the role of motion capture in the clarification of origin mechanisms for sport injuries in various sports. It is shown how the motion capture renders it possible to control the processes of recovery after injuries and surgical interventions. The review demonstrates that motion capture technologies in sports have significant prospects, since they enable to obtain timely and comprehensive information about the physical condition of an athlete and about the features of his motor stereotypes. The motion capture data analysis helps to improve the organization of the training process for achieving higher sports results, to detect the reasons for sports injuries in order to prevent them, to access the physical rehabilitation results, and to define the criteria for return to sport after injuries.
Assessment of the stability of the movement pattern of canoe paddlers based on amplitude-time analysis of muscle electromyography profiles
Authors:   Shenzhen University, He Quantao , Su Shuijun ,   Guangdong Ocean University, Davydova Nadezhda ,   Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, Lukashevich Dmitry ,   Belarusian National Technical University, Vassiouk Valery , Davydov Maksim
Published: November 2024

The aim of teaching the canoeing technique is to develop effective motor patterns ensuring the stability and reliability of the results regardless of the conditions for move-ment realization. The paper presents an algorithm for automated assessment of the stabil-ity of the motor pattern of canoe paddlers based on the amplitude-time analysis of muscle electromyography profiles. New diagnostic indicators of physical and technical readi-ness of canoeing paddlers have been proposed: the coefficient of stability of the muscle activity and the coefficient of stability of the temporal structure of the stroke. The studies of the stability of the motor pattern of first class canoe paddlers (n = 16) have been car-ried out under different conditions of movements using the paddling ergometer: covering a distance of 250 m with maximum power of movements (test 1) and covering a distance of 250 m with maximum pace of movements (test 2). It has been found that first class ca-noe paddlers are characterized by a high stability of the muscular activity (on average more than 86 %) and high stability of the temporal structure of strokes (more than 93 %), regardless of the power and pace of movements. Moreover, the research has revealed a tendency for increase in the stability of muscular activity of the paddlers with increasing training experience (r = 0.70 for the mode of maximum power of movements, r = 0.73 for the mode of maximum pace of movements).
Numerical simulation of the flow through venous valve during a Valsalva maneuver
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Gataulin Yakov , Nikitin Egor , Yukhnev Andrey , Rosukhovskiy Dmitry ,   Institute of Experimental Medicine
Published: November 2024

The paper presents the results of a numerical study of the flow in a model of poplite-al venous valve during the Valsalva maneuver. During this procedure the increased in-trathoracic pressure is transmitted from vena cavae back to venous valves causing ve-nous reverse flow (reflux). The duration of reflux measured by ultrasound method is usu-ally used to diagnose the venous valve failure. Reflux duration longer than 1 s for deep veins implies valve incompetence. Numerical model of the venous valve of the popliteal vein was constructed on the basis of the clinical data. Non-stationary equations of hy-drodynamics and an elastic leaflets movement were solved. The Valsalva maneuver was simulated with the pressure impulse at the inlet boundary of the model. Numerical data were obtained for the velocity field, the duration of the reverse flow and the reflux for dif-ferent leaflet elasticity, including a healthy valve and a valve with incompetence. For a healthy valve model, the reflux duration was less than 1 s, and for an incompetent valve, it was more than 1 s. It corresponds with the clinical results. The obtained results can be used by phlebologists to improve the ultrasound diagnostics of valve incompetence.
Anthropoid motion on a movable base
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Badyaeva Vladlena , Blinov Alexander ,   Branch of the National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute” in Smolensk, Borisov Andrey , Muharlyamov Robert
Published: November 2024

The paper considers an antropoid model of three mobile links that can change their configuration due to internal steering forces and the mobile surface reactions with the specified motion. The first bottom link simulates shin, the second link simulates hip, and the third link simulates the body with the head. The proposed model differs from the ex-isting ones in utilization of angles between links. In the preceding studies of anthropoid dynamics simulation, the angles are usually calculated from a particular assigned direc-tion – either vertical or horizontal. This approach, however, is inconsistent with the mus-culoskeletal system biomechanics of anthropoid, exoskeleton, or anthropomorphic ro-bot. The positions of their links are specified by the angles between the links. This ap-proach of specifying the angles makes the system of differential equations, describing the proposed model motion, more complicated in comparison with the models where the angles are calculated from the assigned direction. The local mobile systems of coordi-nates are fixed with the corresponding links and are used for deriving the motion equa-tions. The programmed motion corresponding to the specified law of generalized coor-dinates change is considered. The corresponding controlling forces are figured out as the result of the forward problem solution. The link control is simulated with the piece-wise step function. The impact of the passive exoskeleton own mass is considered. The spinning rotors impact of the active exoskeleton’s electric drives on the dynamics of human-exoskeleton biomechanical system is studied. The energy consumption in each drive is estimated. The entire cycle of anthropoid dynamics simulation on the movable base in different motion modes is conducted. The value of the obtained results lies in the fact that the proposed model can be used directly in creating anthropomorphic robots and exoskeletons.
Optimizing load carry by using an oscillation system
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Sattarov Robert , Khazieva Regina , Ivanov Maksim
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this research is to determine the requirements for a backpack suspension system, which would greatly facilitate the carrying of a backpack by a person. Based on the studies of other authors, it was revealed that the problem of minimizing the energy spent on carrying the load can be solved by reducing the amplitude of the backpack os-cillations when a person walks. Therefore, the ideal characteristic of the load suspension system is such a dependence of the resulting force acting on the backpack during its movement, in which the backpack "hangs" at the same level above the ground. The paper considers a backpack with a built-in microgenerator of electrical energy, which works due to the relative movement of the load along the back of a person. In this case, the dependence of the resulting elastic force on the vertical displacement of the human cen-ter of mass (CoM) will have the shape of an ellipse. Close to this ideal characteristic can be reproduced using an oscillatory system consisting of four springs, each of which acts on the backpack container for a given period of time. A four-spring suspension allows reducing the amplitude of the backpack oscillations above the ground to 0.02 mm, that is, to reduce the energy costs for carrying cargo to almost zero. The practical implementa-tion of such a system remains a very difficult task. The springs used must have a pro-nounced non-linear characteristic. That is, they must have a rigid characteristic in order to hold a very massive load in weight, but at the same time be soft so that the load can oscillate in its relative movement along the person’s trunk. It is also necessary to develop a mechanism that, at the right time, switch one or another spring. In further studies, the task was set to determine the operating conditions of the suspension system with changes in the speed of movement and gait of the user.