bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ownership Structure and Dividends Policy: Emerging Market Evidence
Authors: Obaidat Ahmad N.
Published: May 2018

This study investigated the effect of ownership structure on the dividend policy of the financial firms listed on Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) for the period 2014-2016. The results indicated a positive relationship between dividend and institutional, managerial, and foreign ownership, and negative relationship between dividend and ownership concentration. The result also indicated that a large portion of the ownership is in the hand of the instructions and the board of directors, and the ownership is not highly concentrated.
Exploring Factors Affecting Consumers’ Adoption of Shopping via Mobile Applications in Turkey
Authors: YILDIZ Oguz , KITAPCI Hakan
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study is to identify the factors behind consumers’ adoption of shopping via mobile applications and to develop a new model that explains this situation. The related literature was examined for this purpose. Delphi technique was preferred to determine factors in the study. Data was collected through questionnaires. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted with SPSS. A research model based on an integration of various theoretical fields was developed. As a result of EFA, ten new dimensions emerged in the study. And then, in order to statistically analyze the measurement and structural models, this study used Smart PLS for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. After path analysis with Smart PLS, a new conceptual model was developed to explain adoption of shopping via mobile applications by consumers in Turkey. Structures such as Personalization, Word of Mouth Communication and Perceived Mobility used in the model developed within the scope of this research, but rarely used in this field of studies, were verified to be determinants of shopping behavior via mobile applications in Turkey. The model developed within the study is both valid and reliable in terms of its structure and all relations established within the scope of the model are significant.
Trusses Nonlinear Problems Solution with Numerical Methods of Cubic Convergence Order
Authors: Souza Luiz Antonio Farani de , Castelani Emerson Vitor , Shirabayashi Wesley Vagner Inês , Aliano Filho Angelo , Machado Roberto Dalledone
Published: May 2018

A large part of the numerical procedures for obtaining the equilibrium path or load-displacement curve of structural problems with nonlinear behavior is based on the Newton-Raphson iterative scheme, to which is coupled the path-following methods. This paper presents new algorithms based on Potra-Pták, Chebyshev and super-Halley methods combined with the Linear Arc-Length path-following method. The main motivation for using these methods is the cubic order convergence. To elucidate the potential of our approach, we present an analysis of space and plane trusses problems with geometric nonlinearity found in the literature. In this direction, we will make use of the Positional Finite Element Method, which considers the nodal coordinates as variables of the nonlinear system instead of displacements. The numerical results of the simulations show the capacity of the computational algorithm developed to obtain the equilibrium path with force and displacement limits points. The implemented iterative methods exhibit better efficiency as the number of time steps and necessary accumulated iterations until convergence and processing time, in comparison with classic methods of Newton-Raphson and Modified Newton-Raphson.
Role of enzymes in soil
Authors: J Bayarmaa , D Purev
Published: May 2018

Enzymes are an integral part of the soil and their activity is closely related to the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Human activities, intensive agriculture, changes in ecosystem, environmental pollution have a great influence on the activity of soil enzymes. Depending on the origin soil enzymes are indicators for accessing the condition of the soil for short and long period of time. Almost all anthropogenic and environmental factors affecting the physical and chemical properties of the soil are studied for this purpose, but enzymes in the soil are the most sensitive to these changes. So it is a time to the study of the enzymes in the soil.
Azbest Punk
Authors: Karpowicz Agnieszka
Published: May 2018

The article analyses the lyrics of Polish punk rock songs showing their relationship with urban culture. By considering punk culture as an urban culture it interprets an impact of architecture and its materiality on the character of music and texts.
Nuta po nucie. Lokalność muzyki popularnej a miejska tożsamość
Authors: Smółka Maciej
Published: May 2018

Popular music is an indispensable part of peoples’ lives, shaping not only their aesthetic sensitivity and providing entertainment, but it also has the potential to construct their identities. Often having a strictly local character, it tells stories about regional specificity, creating its image and influencing its perception, while constructing the identity of its listeners. In this context, musical pieces directly related to the uniqueness of cities, some of which are often perceived as culturally distinctive from their surroundings, seems particularly interesting.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the topic of locality in music and its influence on the construction of urban identity. By studying cultural studies’ texts with particular emphasis on the concept of world cities, the research concentrates on the examples of urban centres, where their musical heritage suggests its strong influence on the construction of local identity. Moreover, the issue is extended to the role of locally-oriented artistic works and the ways in which they can build urban identity. The paper also poses the question about the role of music in shaping local identity and the degree of its participation in the process.
The House of Usher Never Fell: Impossible Escapes and the Dark (K)night of the Soul
Authors: Pyrka Paweł
Published: May 2018

Among the abundance of possible readings of Poe’s short story, one of the most intriguing is its treatment as an escape fantasy - the image of the unnamed narrator delirious, flight from the collapsing structure at his back seems almost too fortuitous, and invites questions as to the sole survivor’s relation to “the house of Usher”. As the structure’s suspected sentience could be seen to relegate its occupants to the position of psychological forces and manifest thought-content, the house is transformed into a combination of physical and mental spaces, akin to the twin “prisons” of body and mind which the narrator fantasizes about being freed from. The article examines the (im)possibility of Poe’s narrator’s escape, using Grant Morrison and Dave McKean’s graphic novel Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth as a companion text. Read alongside each other, the two narratives “construct” their “houses” by a superimposition of their characters’ mental landscapes onto the skeleton of physical (textual) space, in order to perform the fantasy of escape from psychological conflict, whether by tearing down the house as in Poe’s tale, or by restoring the externalized order as in the Batman novel.
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacterial agent of the skin flora of patients with seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: Tamer Funda , Yuksel Mehmet Eren , Sarifakioglu Evren , Karabag Yavuz
Published: May 2018

Background: Seborrheic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease that affects 1–3% of the general population. The Malassezia species has been implicated as the main causative agent; however, the bacterial flora of the skin may also play role in the etiopathogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the most common bacterial agent of the skin flora of patients with seborrheic dermatitis.

Materials and Methods: Fifty-one patients with seborrheic dermatitis and 50 healthy individuals are included in this study. Sterile cotton swabs were rubbed on the scalp of the participants for bacterial culture. Colonial morphology was identified with gram stain and catalase test.

Results: Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 25 (49%) patients with seborrheic dermatitis and 10 (20%) healthy individuals within the control group. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from 24 (47.1%) patients with seborrheic dermatitis and 17 (34%) healthy individuals within the control group. Diphtheroids were present in 2 (3.9%) patients and 1 (2%) subject within the control group. Gram-negative bacilli were present only in 1 (2%) patient. Hemolytic streptococci and bacilli were identified in 1 (2%) subject from each group. Colonization of coagulase-negative staphylococci, diphtheroids, gram-negative bacilli, hemolytic streptococci, and bacillus did not differ between patients and healthy controls. However, S. aureus colonization was significantly more common in patients with seborrheic dermatitis than in healthy controls.

Conclusion: Within this study we revealed that S. aureus colonization was significantly higher among the patients. Therefore, we propose that, in addition to the Malassezia species, S. aureus may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis.
Raised vulvar lesions: be aware!
Authors: Resende Fernanda S. , Conforti Claudio , Giuffrida Roberta , Hamilko de Barros Mayara , Zalaudek Iris
Published: May 2018

Vulvar melanoma is a rare and deadly cancer in women, and the prognosis is often poor. There are limited studies on the dermoscopic features of vulvar melanoma. Described criteria include the presence of blue, gray, or white colors. Herein we present the clinical and dermoscopic characteristics of a hypopigmented and heavily pigmented nodule in a 92-year-old and an 80-year-old woman. Dermoscopy in the former revealed structureless milky-red to white areas, remnants of brown pigmentation at the base and polymorphic vessels, while the latter displayed structureless blue-gray areas with black dots and peripheral lines at the base. In both cases, histopathology revealed a stage III melanoma. Our two cases along with a review of the literature suggest that the dermoscopic features described for diagnosing cutaneous nodular melanoma, apply also for vulvar melanoma. Clinicians should always raise the suspicion if observing plaques or nodules with a dermoscopic polymorphic vascular pattern and blue-black color on the genitals of postmenopausal women.
La constitucionalización del Gobierno Judicial: cuarenta años de Consejo General del Poder Judicial, régimen actual y cuestiones pendientes
Authors: Rosado Iglesias Gema
Published: May 2018

Resumen:La Constitución española de 1978 consagró el Consejo General del Poder  Judicial, como órgano de gobierno del Poder Judicial. Desde su creación en 1980, este órgano ha estado sometido a constantes reformas, en un proceso de continuas modificaciones que han derivado en un órgano que no parece haber encontrado su lugar en el sistema institucional, y no ha podido consolidarse. La última reforma más importante, la Ley Orgánica 4/2013, de reforma del CGPJ, ha introducido una nueva reformulación del modo de elección, la estructura y las funciones del CGPJ. El presente trabajo expone la evolución y los cambios habidos en el Consejo en estos cuarenta años de vigencia constitucional, y analiza el régimen establecido por la reforma de 2013, la nueva posición del Consejo y de sus órganos de funcionamiento, la dudas sobre el funcionamiento que plantea y las cuestiones que aún siguen abiertas.Abstract:The Spanish Constitution of 1978 established the General Council of the Judiciary, as an organ for the Judiciary government. Since of its creaction on 1980,this organ has been objet of a constant process of reforming that shows how the Conuncil hasn’t achieved to find its place in institutional system and how this organ couldn’t consolidate itself under a stable model. The last most important reform, the Organic Law 4/2013, reforming the CGPJ, has introduced in a reformulation of the structure and functions of the Council, and a new way of election of its members, thus constituting. This paper presents the evolution and the changes about of Council in forty years of constitutional vigence and analyzes the reform, the new position and place of Council and its organs, the doubts on the functioning of the Council, and the questions that today remain open. Summary:I. The reception of the Judiciary government in the Spanish Constitution: forty years about the General Council of the Judiciary.II. Regulation present and open questions. 1. About the Organic Law 4/2013, for reforming the CGPJ. 2.  Elections system, status of its members and restaffinf of the organ.3. Organic Structure of the General Council of the Judiciary and questions about the functioning of its organs.4. Powers of the General Council of the Judiciary. 5. Relationship between the General Council of the Judiciary and the Spanish Parlament: the Appearance of the President anf the members of Council before the House of Representatives.III. Ultimate considerations.
La deseable composición paritaria del Tribunal Constitucional: una propuesta de reforma constitucional
Authors: Salazar Benítez Octavio
Published: May 2018

Resumen:La progresiva pérdida de prestigio y autoridad del Tribunal Constitucional es consecuencia, entre otros motivos, de un proceso de nombramiento y selecciónde sus magistrados ciertamente discutibles. Si bien los principales remedios a dicha situación deban venir más de la cultura política que de la ingeniería jurídica, también es cierto que determinadas carencias reclaman simplemente el efectivo cumplimiento de los mandatos legales. Así sucede con el mandato de equilibrio de sexos que la LO 3/2007 dispone para los poderes públicos y que el TC no ha teniendo en cuenta en ninguna de sus renovaciones. Un mandato que deriva a su vez de la necesidad de interpretar nuestro sistema constitucional en términos de democracia paritaria.Abstract:The progressive loss of prestige and authority of the Constitutional Court is a consequence, among other reasons, of a certainly debatable process of appointment and selection of its judges. Although the main remedies to this situation must come more from the political culture than from legal engineering, it is also true that certain deficiencies simply demand the effective compliance with legal mandates. This is the case with the mandate of «gender balance» that the LO 3/2007 provides for the public authorities and that the Constitutional Court has not taken into account in any of its renewals. A mandate that derives from the need to interpret our constitutional system in terms of parity democracy.Summary:1. Introduction: Legal Engineering vs. Political Culture. 2. The appointment of men and women judges. 3. The composition of the Constitutional Court from the point of view of Gender. 4. Conclusions and Proposals.
Herméneutique processuelle d’Éz 16
Authors: Perreault Pierre
Published: May 2018

Serait-il pertinent dans une recherche de sens qui caractérise une démarche de foi, d’utiliser des outils herméneutiques ouvrant les Écritures sur d’autres avenues que celles que la tradition chrétienne propose aujourd’hui ? En appliquant une approche processuelle au chapitre 16 du livre d’Ézéchiel, l’analyse débouche sur des propositions théologiques originales, redéfinissant notamment la Toute-Puissance divine comme une ténacité qui cherche à convaincre, et inscrivant le pardon divin au creux de la liberté et de la responsabilité humaines.
Animalité et brutales férocités humaines
Authors: Allard Maxime
Published: May 2018

Cet article tente de reconstituer une notion de l’animalité au coeur des dynamiques de l’action humaine à partir de textes de Thomas d’Aquin, en insistant surtout sur des passages peu travaillés de la Summa theologiae, concernant la cruauté. En effet, il y existe une différence profonde entre l’animalité brute et la « brutalité » des animaux. Cette différence permet de comprendre que certains gestes, certaines dispositions humaines déclassent les humains et les dégradent bien en deçà de l’animalité brute des animaux. Nous démontrons que Thomas d’Aquin développe, parfois de manière quasi phénoménologique, un film de la vie humaine où l’animalité n’est pas quelque chose à contrôler ou une couche inférieure de la vie humaine à oublier ou à dépasser. Là, la complexité de la temporalité de l’agir humain, réfléchie dynamiquement à partir de l’inclination vers le bonheur et la jouissance, donne lieu à des développements qui étonnent par leur modernité.
Usages du quantitatif en méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée (MTE)
Authors: Derbas Thibodeau François Raouf
Published: May 2018

La méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée (MTE) (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) est aujourd’hui reconnue comme une méthode inductive robuste et principalement qualitative (Corbin & Strauss, 2008; Luckerhoff & Guillemette, 2012c). En dépit de leur potentiel identifié par Glaser dès 1967, les usages du quantitatif en MTE demeurent peu répandus. Une recension des écrits nous a permis de dresser un état des lieux à cet égard. Notre recherche a été réalisée dans une approche inductive où les écrits ont constitué les données à analyser dans la perspective proposée par Tourigny Koné (2014). Nous présentons en ce sens les écrits de Glaser à ce propos, les critiques puis les appuis formulés à l’endroit de son projet de MTE quantitative, ainsi que l’analyse de 16 études qui mettent à l’oeuvre un volet quantitatif en MTE. Dans ces exemples, l’observation de la prescription centrale de Glaser de s’affranchir des réflexes et préoccupations du déductif reste mitigée. En effet, plusieurs tendent à s’éloigner des principes fondamentaux de la MTE.
Susciter les effets de la créativité collective au cours du processus de création : exemple d’un dispositif pédagogique
Authors: Vézina Cathy
Published: May 2018

Dans cet article, nous exposons une expérimentation menée auprès d’étudiants de premier cycle universitaire inscrits dans un programme de formation en création numérique. D’abord, nous mettons en lumière une approche méthodologique qui consiste en la mise en place d’un dispositif de création (composé d’un cadre d’analyse, d’une situation-problème et d’un scénario pédagogique) auprès d’une population étudiante. Puis, nous présentons les résultats témoignant d’un travail d’analyse où le terrain fait émerger une proposition théorique menant à la distinction de formes d’interactions de la créativité collective. Cette étude est ainsi orientée vers l’identification des transformations de l’activité de création. Elle participe à la construction de connaissances sur les processus de création collectifs en considérant, d’un côté, le point de vue de l’expérience vécue (des acteurs de la situation), et de l’autre, celui d’observateurs de cette même situation.
La création de soi par soi dans la recherche-création : comment la réflexivité augmente la conscience et l’expérience de soi
Authors: Boutet Danielle
Published: May 2018

Cet article s’intéresse à l’aspect autoformateur de la recherche-création, c’est-à-dire comment une étude de sa poïétique se répercute sur l’être même de l’artiste. L’auteure discute de l’effet instauratif (Souriau) de la recherche-création, particulièrement la recherche-création réflexive, « en première personne », conduite par l’artiste lui-même sur ses propres agirs créateurs. Si l’on a souvent noté cet effet autocréateur de la création comme telle, on a moins regardé comment la recherche-création s’inscrit dans le même mouvement. Une définition de la recherche-création est apportée et l’on nomme les principaux aspects épistémologiques et méthodologiques qui entrent en jeu, en soulignant les paradigmes nouveaux qui sont convoqués. On trouvera aussi une explication du pouvoir qu’a ce type de recherche d’agrandir l’être et la conscience. Finalement, une section porte sur la fécondité épistémique de la recherche-création, qui a le potentiel d’éclairer des dimensions intimes ou invisibles de soi, de l’humain et du monde.
Cost of Treatment Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Rawat Inap Berdasarkan Clinical Pathway di RS X Jakarta
Authors: Rejeki Vera Marietha Meinar , Nurwahyuni Atik
Published: May 2018

Abstrak Rumah Sakit sebagai pemberi layanan kesehatan saat ini dituntut untuk melakukan kendali mutu dan biaya, namun tetap berkualitas. Clinical pathway yang menjadi dasar pengendalian mutu dan biaya sudah ada tetapi belum diaudit penggunaan­nya oleh tim rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui unit cost layanan dan cost of treatment DBD di RS X Ja­karta. Penelitian kuantitatif melalui pengambilan data cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 190 pasien DBD. Hasil penelitian didapatkan adanya kesenjangan antara cost of treatment perawatan pasien DBD berdasarkan clinical pathway (Rp. 2.184.588) dan cost of treatment berdasarkan kondisi riil (Rp. 2.382.512) dengan selisih terbesar di rawat inap dan obat-obatan. Cost of treatment tanpa perhitungan gaji dan investasi untuk pasien DBD dapat berkurang menjadi 29% dari cost of treatment semula. Cost of Treatment tanpa perhitungan gaji maka cost of treatment dapat turun menjadi 42%. Diperlukan sistem pemantauan kepatuhan terhadap clinical pathway, pembentukan tim casemix rumah sakit untuk peman­tauan dan evaluasi implementasi JKN di rumah sakit .Abstract Hospitals as health care providers are now required to perform cost and quality control without neglecting the quality of services. Clinical pathways which underlying quality and cost control in the hospital are available but has not been audited. This study aims to determine the unit cost of services in RS X Jakarta, the utilization of hospital services for dengue disease and cost of treatment of DHF in RS X Jakarta. A cross-sectional study was performed in this study. A quantitative approach was done through data collection from hospital information system, medical record and financial data. The result showed that there was a gap between the cost of treat­ment of DHF patients which based on the clinical pathway (2,184,588 IDR) and the cost of treatment based on the real condition (2,382,512 IDR). The biggest difference between cost of treatment and real cost was in the hospitalization cost and medicine cost. Cost of treatment without salary and investation calculation for DHF patients can be reduced significantly by 29%. Cost of treatment without salary calculation for DHF patients can be reduced significantly by 42%. There is a need for monitoring system and the estab­lishment of hospital case mix team in order to optimize the hospital clinical pathway in the JKN era.
Analisis Praktik Koordinasi Manfaat (Coodination of Benefit) Layanan Rawat Inap di Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Fera Mutiara , Hidayat Budi
Published: May 2018

Abstrak Kepemilikan lebih dari satu asuransi (double insured) telah membuka peluang praktik Coordination of Benefit (COB) di Indo­nesia. Pada era JKN saat ini, setiap orang selain memiliki asuransi yang bersifat wajib mereka pun memiliki asuransi keseha­tan tambahan yang kepesertaanya bersifat tidak wajib. Pada praktiknya, beberapa penerapan COB masih ditemukan belum sesuai dengan prinsip universal asuransi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik COB dan besaran biaya COB yang terjadi di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah rancangan studi observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Pe­modelan dengan ekonometrik (two-part model) dilakukan untuk memisahkan proses antara praktik COB dengan besaran biaya COB. Hasil penelitian menyatakan kovariat Usia, LOS dan penyakit sistem sirkulasi menunjukkan efek yang signifikan dalam pengujian secara statistik. Kurangnya koordinasi antar provider dengan asuradur atau asuradur dengan asuradur yang lain menyebabkan meningkatnya potensi moral hazard yang dilakukan baik oleh peserta maupun provider sehingga peserta berpotensi mendapatkan cakupan ganda. Perlu dibuat organisasi khusus untuk mengelola COB dan dibuatnya regulasi COB.AbstractNowadays, some people may have double insurance. Besides having compulsory insurance that regulated by government, they also have additional health insurance which is not mandatory. This condition has opened up opportunities for Coordi­nation of Benefit (COB) in Indonesia, especially in JKN era. Unfortunately, in practice COB still not executed according to the principle of general rules of insurance. This research seeks to analyze the practice of the COB and COB fee scale in Indonesia. The method used is the observational study with cross sectional design. The modeling uses an econometric approach that is a two-part model which separates the process between the COB practice and the COB funds. The result of the research states that age covariate, LOS, and circulatory system diseases show significant effects in statistical testing. Lack of coordi­nation between providers and assurer or between assurer and assurer, causes increasing potential moral hazard by both participants and providers so that participants may get double coverage. The suggestions of this research are first the need to create an independent organization that manages COB and second the need to made regulation of COB.
The universally-conserved transcription factor RfaH is recruited to a hairpin structure of the non-template DNA strand
Authors: Zuber Philipp K , Artsimovitch Irina , NandyMazumdar Monali , Liu Zhaokun , Nedialkov Yuri , Schweimer Kristian , Rösch Paul , Knauer Stefan H
Published: May 2018

RfaH, a transcription regulator of the universally conserved NusG/Spt5 family, utilizes a unique mode of recruitment to elongating RNA polymerase to activate virulence genes. RfaH function depends critically on an ops sequence, an exemplar of a consensus pause, in the non-template DNA strand of the transcription bubble. We used structural and functional analyses to elucidate the role of ops in RfaH recruitment. Our results demonstrate that ops induces pausing to facilitate RfaH binding and establishes direct contacts with RfaH. Strikingly, the non-template DNA forms a hairpin in the RfaH:ops complex structure, flipping out a conserved T residue that is specifically recognized by RfaH. Molecular modeling and genetic evidence support the notion that ops hairpin is required for RfaH recruitment. We argue that both the sequence and the structure of the non-template strand are read out by transcription factors, expanding the repertoire of transcriptional regulators in all domains of life.
SRSF3 promotes pluripotency through Nanog mRNA export and coordination of the pluripotency gene expression program
Authors: Ratnadiwakara Madara , Archer Stuart K , Dent Craig I , Ruiz De Los Mozos Igor , Beilharz Traude H , Knaupp Anja S , Nefzger Christian M , Polo Jose M , Anko Minna-Liisa
Published: May 2018

The establishment and maintenance of pluripotency depend on precise coordination of gene expression. We establish serine-arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) as an essential regulator of RNAs encoding key components of the mouse pluripotency circuitry, SRSF3 ablation resulting in the loss of pluripotency and its overexpression enhancing reprogramming. Strikingly, SRSF3 binds to the core pluripotency transcription factor Nanog mRNA to facilitate its nucleo-cytoplasmic export independent of splicing. In the absence of SRSF3 binding, Nanog mRNA is sequestered in the nucleus and protein levels are severely downregulated. Moreover, SRSF3 controls the alternative splicing of the export factor Nxf1 and RNA regulators with established roles in pluripotency, and the steady-state levels of mRNAs encoding chromatin modifiers. Our investigation links molecular events to cellular functions by demonstrating how SRSF3 regulates the pluripotency genes and uncovers SRSF3-RNA interactions as a critical means to coordinate gene expression during reprogramming, stem cell self-renewal and early development.
Development of a site fidelity index based on population capture-recapture data
Authors: Tschopp Ayelen , Ferrari Mariano A. , Crespo Enrique A. , Coscarella Mariano A.
Published: May 2018

Background

Site fidelity is considered as an animal’s tendency to return to a previously occupied place; this is a component of animal behaviour that allows us to understand movement patterns and aspects related to the animal’s life history. Although there are many site fidelity metrics, the lack of standardisation presents a considerable challenge in terms of comparability among studies.

Methods

This investigation focused on the theoretical development of a standardised composite site fidelity index and its statistical distribution in order to obtain reliable population-level site fidelity comparisons. The arithmetic and harmonic means were used as mathematical structures in order to create different indexes by combining the most commonly used indicators for site fidelity such as Occurrence, Permanence and Periodicity. The index performance was then evaluated in simulated populations and one real population of Commerson’s dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii(Lacépède 1804)). In the first case, the indexes were evaluated based on how they were affected by different probability values such as the occurrence of the individual within the study area (φ) and capture probability (p). As a precision measure for the comparison of the indexes, the Wald confidence interval (CI) and the mean square error were applied. Given that there was no previous data concerning the distribution parameters of this population, bootstrap CIs were applied for the study case.

Results

Eight alternative indexes were developed. The indexes with an arithmetic mean structure, in general, had a consistently inferior performance than those with a harmonic mean structure. The index IH4, in particular, achieved the best results in all of the scenarios and in the study case. Additionally, this index presented a normal distribution. As such, it was proposed as a standardised measure for site fidelity (Standardised Site Fidelity Index—SSFI).

Discussion

The SSFI is the first standardised metric that quantifies site fidelity at a populational level. It is an estimator that varies between zero and one and works in situations where detection is not perfect and effort can be constant or not. Moreover, it has an associated CI that allows users to make comparisons.
Design Guidelines of Stretchable Pressure Sensors‐Based Triboelectrification
Authors: Ahmed Abdelsalam , Hassan Islam , Zu Jean
Published: May 2018

In this paper, a comprehensive study for a stretchable self‐powered pressure sensor is presented to investigate the structural parameters effect on the sensor sensitivity, and the pressure sensor is designed based on a vertical contact‐separation mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). By addressing the solid mechanics, electrical, and surface science effects, we discussed the fundamental physics of the TENG pressure sensor. Modeling and simulation by finite element method (FEA) are conducted to clarify the effects of the structural dimensions on the performance of the pressure sensor. In addition, the relationship between the deformation of an interfacial micro‐nano structure and the applied pressure on a triboelectric energy harvester (TEH) is analyzed for different microstructures patterns and dimensions. Finally, a comparison is conducted between TENG pressure sensor based on the contact‐separation mode (CS) and single electrode mode (SE). The results show that both structure sizes of the pressure sensor and TENG operating modes have a significant influence on the pressure sensitivity of the sensor.
Formation of Slivers in the Extended Cross‐Section Platforms of Ni‐Based Single Crystal Superalloy
Authors: Huo Miao , Liu Lin , Yang Wenchao , Sun Dejian , Hu Songsong , Zhang Jun , Fu Hengzhi
Published: May 2018

A model with rejoined platforms is designed to study the casting defects in the platforms of Ni‐based single crystal superalloy. The results of this study indicate the formation of sliver defects in different regions of the platforms. In the platforms, the dendrite deviation started at the section extension region and the misoriented dendrites could continue to grow into the platform to form sliver defects through the competitive growth with the adjacent dendrites. Furthermore, sliver defects formed as a result of the deformation of secondary dendrites induced by the thermal contraction stress based on the polar diagram analysis and the finite element simulation results. Finally, three different factors contributing to the formation of sliver defects in the extended cross‐section platforms are speculated as follows: the orientation of the deformed dendrites, the local thermal field condition, and the sufficient growth space.
Bioinspired Photonic Pigments from Colloidal Self‐Assembly
Authors: Goerlitzer Eric S. A. , Klupp Taylor Robin N. , Vogel Nicolas
Published: May 2018

The natural world is a colorful environment. Stunning displays of coloration have evolved throughout nature to optimize camouflage, warning, and communication. The resulting flamboyant visual effects and remarkable dynamic properties, often caused by an intricate structural design at the nano‐ and microscale, continue to inspire scientists to unravel the underlying physics and to recreate the observed effects. Here, the methodologies to create bioinspired photonic pigments using colloidal self‐assembly approaches are considered. The physics governing the interaction of light with structural features and natural examples of structural coloration are briefly introduced. It is then outlined how the self‐assembly of colloidal particles, acting as wavelength‐scale building blocks, can be particularly useful to replicate coloration from nature. Different coloration effects that result from the defined structure of the self‐assembled colloids are introduced and it is highlighted how these optical properties can be translated into photonic pigments by modifications of the assembly processes. The importance of absorbing elements, as well as the role of surface chemistry and wettability to control structural coloration is discussed. Finally, approaches to integrate dynamic control of coloration into such self‐assembled photonic pigments are outlined.
Tailoring Materials for Mottronics: Excess Oxygen Doping of a Prototypical Mott Insulator
Authors: Scheiderer Philipp , Schmitt Matthias , Gabel Judith , Zapf Michael , Stübinger Martin , Schütz Philipp , Dudy Lenart , Schlueter Christoph , Lee Tien‐Lin , Sing Michael , Claessen Ralph
Published: May 2018

The Mott transistor is a paradigm for a new class of electronic devices—often referred to by the term Mottronics—which are based on charge correlations between the electrons. Since correlation‐induced insulating phases of most oxide compounds are usually very robust, new methods have to be developed to push such materials right to the boundary to the metallic phase in order to enable the metal–insulator transition to be switched by electric gating. Here, it is demonstrated that thin films of the prototypical Mott insulator LaTiO3 grown by pulsed laser deposition under oxygen atmosphere are readily tuned by excess oxygen doping across the line of the band‐filling controlled Mott transition in the electronic phase diagram. The detected insulator to metal transition is characterized by a strong change in resistivity of several orders of magnitude. The use of suitable substrates and capping layers to inhibit oxygen diffusion facilitates full control of the oxygen content and renders the films stable against exposure to ambient conditions. These achievements represent a significant advancement in control and tuning of the electronic properties of LaTiO3+x thin films making it a promising channel material in future Mottronic devices.
A Magnetic‐Field Guided Interface Coassembly Approach to Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanochains for Osteoclast‐Targeted Inhibition and Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis
Authors: Wan Li , Song Hongyuan , Chen Xiao , Zhang Yu , Yue Qin , Pan Panpan , Su Jiacan , Elzatahry Ahmed A. , Deng Yonghui
Published: May 2018

1D core–shell magnetic materials with mesopores in shell are highly desired for biocatalysis, magnetic bioseparation, and bioenrichment and biosensing because of their unique microstructure and morphology. In this study, 1D magnetic mesoporous silica nanochains (Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2 nanochain, Magn‐MSNCs named as FDUcs‐17C) are facilely synthesized via a novel magnetic‐field‐guided interface coassembly approach in two steps. Fe3O4 particles are coated with nonporous silica in a magnetic field to form 1D Fe3O4@nSiO2 nanochains. A further interface coassembly of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and silica source in water/n‐hexane biliquid system leads to 1D Magn‐MSNCs with core–shell–shell structure, uniform diameter (≈310 nm), large and perpendicular mesopores (7.3 nm), high surface area (317 m2 g−1), and high magnetization (34.9 emu g−1). Under a rotating magnetic field, the nanochains with loaded zoledronate (a medication for treating bone diseases) in the mesopores, show an interesting suppression effect of osteoclasts differentiation, due to their 1D nanostructure that provides a shearing force in dynamic magnetic field to induce sufficient and effective reactions in cells. Moreover, by loading Au nanoparticles in the mesopores, the 1D Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2‐Au nanochains can service as a catalytically active magnetic nanostirrer for hydrogenation of 4‐nitrophenol with high catalytic performance and good magnetic recyclability.
Conversion of Carbon Dots from Fluorescence to Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence by Heating for Security Applications
Authors: Jiang Kai , Wang Yuhui , Cai Congzhong , Lin Hengwei
Published: May 2018

Stimuli‐responsive optical materials have received tremendous interest in the last several decades due to their numerous promising applications. Here, fluorescence emissive polymer carbon dots (F‐CDs), prepared with a simple heating treatment from ethylenediamine and phosphoric acid, are found to produce unexpected ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (URTP), which lasts for about 10 s with a lifetime of 1.39 s. This is the first example to achieve the conversion of a fluorescence material to URTP by means of an external heating stimulus. Further investigations reveal that the doping of N and P elements and self‐immobilization of the excited triplet species are likely mainly responsible for the observed URTP after the heating treatment, due to the facilitation of the intersystem crossing and formation of more compact cores for effective intraparticle hydrogen bonds, respectively. Importantly, this study also demonstrates the potential for aqueous dispersion of the F‐CDs as an advanced security ink for information encryption and anticounterfeiting; this is a feature that has not been reported before. This study is believed to open possibilities to extend stimuli‐responsive optical materials to rarely exploited phosphorescence‐relevant systems and applications, and also to provide a novel strategy to easily prepare URTP materials.
Randomized trial of lacosamide versus fosphenytoin for nonconvulsive seizures
Authors: Husain Aatif M. , Lee Jong W. , Kolls Bradley J. , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Halford Jonathan J. , Gupta Puneet K. , Minazad Yafa , Jones Jennifer M. , LaRoche Suzette M. , Herman Susan T. , Swisher Christa B. , Sinha Saurabh R. , Palade Adriana , Dombrowski Keith E. , Gallentine William B. , Hahn Cecil D. , Gerard Elizabeth E. , Bhapkar Manjushri , Lokhnygina Yuliya , Westover M. Brandon ,   for the Critical Care EEG Monitoring Research Consortium
Published: May 2018

Objective

The optimal treatment of nonconvulsive seizures in critically ill patients is uncertain. We evaluated the comparative effectiveness of the antiseizure drugs lacosamide (LCM) and fosphenytoin (fPHT) in this population.

Methods

The TRENdS (Treatment of Recurrent Electrographic Nonconvulsive Seizures) study was a noninferiority, prospective, multicenter, randomized treatment trial of patients diagnosed with nonconvulsive seizures (NCSs) by continuous electroencephalography (cEEG). Treatment was randomized to intravenous (IV) LCM 400mg or IV fPHT 20mg phenytoin equivalents/kg. The primary endpoint was absence of electrographic seizures for 24 hours as determined by 1 blinded EEG reviewer. The frequency with which NCS control was achieved in each arm was compared, and the 90% confidence interval (CI) was determined. Noninferiority of LCM to fPHT was to be concluded if the lower bound of the CI for relative risk was >0.8.

Results

Seventy‐four subjects were enrolled (37 LCM, 37 fPHT) between August 21, 2012 and December 20, 2013. The mean age was 63.6 years; 38 were women. Seizures were controlled in 19 of 30 (63.3%) subjects in the LCM arm and 16 of 32 (50%) subjects in the fPHT arm. LCM was noninferior to fPHT (p = 0.02), with a risk ratio of 1.27 (90% CI = 0.88–1.83). Treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were similar in both arms, occurring in 9 of 35 (25.7%) LCM and 9 of 37 (24.3%) fPHT subjects (p = 1.0).

Interpretation

LCM was noninferior to fPHT in controlling NCS, and TEAEs were comparable. LCM can be considered an alternative to fPHT in the treatment of NCSs detected on cEEG. Ann Neurol 2018;83:1174–1185
Maßgeschneiderte terminale Kupfernitrene für katalytische C‐H‐Aminierungen
Authors: Moegling Julian , Hoffmann Alexander , Thomas Fabian , Orth Nicole , Liebhäuser Patricia , Herber Ulrich , Rampmaier Robert , Stanek Julia , Fink Gerhard , Ivanović‐Burmazović Ivana , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja
Published: May 2018

Terminale Kupfernitrene wurden durch die Verwendung von Bis(pyrazolyl)methan‐Liganden stabilisiert. Diese Spezies sind hochreaktive Intermediate in der C‐H‐Aminierung und im Nitrentransfer. Neuartige Perfluoralkyl‐Pyrazolyl‐ und Pyridinyl‐haltige Liganden wurden entwickelt, um ein reaktives Kupfer‐Nitrenzentrum zu koordinieren. Über eine Reaktion mit SO2tBuPhINTs und Kupfer(I)‐Acetonitril‐Komplexen wurden vier diskrete Kupfertosylnitrene hergestellt. Sie wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Reaktivität in der Iminierung von Phosphinen und der Aziridinierung von Styrolderivaten getestet. Die Bildung und der thermische Zerfall der sehr farbigen Verbindungen wurden mittels UV/Vis‐Spektroskopie verfolgt. Zusätzlich wurden die Verbindungen durch Kryo‐UHR‐ESI‐Massenspektrometrie und DFT‐Rechnungen untersucht. Eine milde katalytische Prozedur wurde entwickelt, wobei die Kupfernitrenbildner die C‐H‐Aminierung von Cyclohexan und Toluol sowie die Aziridinierung von Styrolderivaten ermöglichen.
Oxygen‐Doped Zig‐Zag Molecular Ribbons
Authors: Berezin Andrey , Biot Nicolas , Battisti Tommaso , Bonifazi Davide
Published: May 2018

The synthesis of a zig‐zag oxygen‐doped molecular rhombic ribbon has been achieved. This includes oxidative C−C and C−O bond formations that allowed the stepwise elongation and planarization of an oxa‐congener of 2,7‐periacenoacene. X‐ray diffraction analysis corroborated the flat structure and the zig‐zag topology of the O‐doped edges. Photophysical and electrochemical investigations showed that the extension of the peri‐xanthenoxanthene (PXX) into the molecular ribbon induces a noticeable shrinking of the molecular band gap devised by a rising of the HOMO energy level, a desirable property for p‐type organic semiconductors.
Facile Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of O‐Mannosyl Glycans
Authors: Wang Shuaishuai , Zhang Qing , Chen CongCong , Guo Yuxi , Gadi Madhusudhan Reddy , Yu Jin , Westerlind Ulrika , Liu Yunpeng , Cao Xuefeng , Wang Peng G. , Li Lei
Published: May 2018

O Mannosylation is a vital protein modification involved in brain and muscle development whereas the biological relevance of O‐mannosyl glycans has remained largely unknown owing to the lack of structurally defined glycoforms. An efficient scaffold synthesis/enzymatic extension (SSEE) strategy was developed to prepare such structures by combining gram‐scale convergent chemical syntheses of three scaffolds and strictly controlled sequential enzymatic extension catalyzed by glycosyltransferases. In total, 45 O‐mannosyl glycans were obtained, covering the majority of identified mammalian structures. Subsequent glycan microarray analysis revealed fine specificities of glycan‐binding proteins and specific antisera.
A Perovskite Electrolyte That Is Stable in Moist Air for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yutao , Xu Henghui , Chien Po‐Hsiu , Wu Nan , Xin Sen , Xue Leigang , Park Kyusung , Hu Yan‐Yan , Goodenough John B.
Published: May 2018

Solid‐oxide Li+ electrolytes of a rechargeable cell are generally sensitive to moisture in the air as H+ exchanges for the mobile Li+ of the electrolyte and forms insulating surface phases at the electrolyte interfaces and in the grain boundaries of a polycrystalline membrane. These surface phases dominate the total interfacial resistance of a conventional rechargeable cell with a solid–electrolyte separator. We report a new perovskite Li+ solid electrolyte, Li0.38Sr0.44Ta0.7Hf0.3O2.95F0.05, with a lithium‐ion conductivity of σLi=4.8×10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C that does not react with water having 3≤pH≤14. The solid electrolyte with a thin Li+‐conducting polymer on its surface to prevent reduction of Ta5+ is wet by metallic lithium and provides low‐impedance dendrite‐free plating/stripping of a lithium anode. It is also stable upon contact with a composite polymer cathode. With this solid electrolyte, we demonstrate excellent cycling performance of an all‐solid‐state Li/LiFePO4 cell, a Li‐S cell with a polymer‐gel cathode, and a supercapacitor.
The Role of Torsional Dynamics on Hole and Exciton Stabilization in π‐Stacked Assemblies: Design of Rigid Torsionomers of a Cofacial Bifluorene
Authors: Wang Denan , Ivanov Maxim V. , Kokkin Damian , Loman John , Cai Jin‐Zhe , Reid Scott A. , Rathore Rajendra
Published: May 2018

Exciton and charge delocalization across π‐stacked assemblies is of importance in biological systems and functional polymeric materials. To examine the requirements for exciton and hole stabilization, cofacial bifluorene (F2) torsionomers were designed, synthesized, and characterized: unhindered (model) MeF2, sterically hindered tBuF2, and cyclophane‐like CF2, where fluorenes are locked in a perfect sandwich orientation via two methylene linkers. This set of bichromophores with varied torsional rigidity and orbital overlap shows that exciton stabilization requires a perfect sandwich‐like arrangement, as seen by strong excimeric‐like emission only in CF2 and MeF2. In contrast, hole delocalization is less geometrically restrictive and occurs even in sterically hindered tBuF2, as judged by 160 mV hole stabilization and a near‐IR band in the spectrum of its cation radical. These findings underscore the diverse requirements for charge and energy delocalization across π‐stacked assemblies.
A Dimeric η1,η5‐Germole Dianion Bridged Titanium(III) Complex with a Multicenter Ti−Ge−Ge−Ti Bond
Authors: Dong Zhaowen , Janka Oliver , Kösters Jutta , Schmidtmann Marc , Müller Thomas
Published: May 2018

Dimeric germole dianion bridged TiIIIand ZrIVcomplexes have been synthesized. In these complexes, the germole dianion adopts a formal η1,η5coordination to the two metal centers. The bonding situation in these bridged dimers is dominated by a covalent Ge−Ge interaction that results, for example, in a strong antiferromagnetic coupling of the d1Ti centers.
Unravelling the Correlation between Charge Mobility and Cocrystallization in Rod–Rod Block Copolymers for High‐Performance Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhu Mingjing , Pan Shuang , Wang Yue , Tang Ping , Qiu Feng , Lin Zhiqun , Peng Juan
Published: May 2018

Cocrystallization involving two or more components aggregating into cocrystals allows the preparation of materials with markedly improved charge mobility. This approach however, is little explored in all‐conjugated block copolymers (BCPs). Herein, we report the first investigation into the correlation between cocrystals and charge mobility in a series of new all‐conjugated BCPs: poly(3‐butylthiophene)‐b‐poly(3‐hexylselenophene) (P3BT‐b‐P3HS) for high‐performance field‐effect transistors. These rationally synthesized rod–rod BCPs self‐assemble into cocrystals with high charge mobilities. Upon one‐step thermal annealing, their charge mobilities decrease slightly despite their increased crystallinities. After two‐step thermal annealing, P3BT‐b‐P3HS (P3BT/P3HS=2:1) and (1:1) cocrystals disappear and phase separation occurs, leading to greatly decreased charge mobilities. In contrast, P3BT‐b‐P3HS (1:2) retains its cocrystalline structure and its charge mobility.