bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome profiling of banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) ovaries and testes: Insights into FoxL2
Authors: Potiyanadech Wutthipat , Choomee Chaturawit , Chotigeat Wilaiwan
Published: October 2023

The banana shrimp is found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Female shrimp are preferred for consumption because they are larger than males. Understanding the mechanism of sex differentiation is important for developing techniques to increase the number of female shrimp for economic benefits. This study investigates the reproductive development of F. merguiensis using transcriptome analysis. Sxl2, dsx, AGH, FEM-1, and Nrg-X2 were classified as essential genes for testes development during the juvenile stage. Several genes were required for both juvenile and adult male development. Additionally, the expression of several genes was shown to be required for juvenile and adult ovarian development, including SOP1, SOP2, Ptgr1, EST, Vgr, Vmol1, and TR-beta A. Interestingly, high levels of FoxL2 expression were observed in the testes, in contrast to previous studies in humans and other mammals. The binding of FoxL2 to the Vtg promoter was demonstrated in silico with the highest relative binding score (RS = 0.89) using the JASPAR program. Knock-down of the FoxL2 gene with dsRNA significantly suppressed FoxL2 at 2, 4, and 6 d. As a result, Vtg expression increased when compared with the control at 2, 4, and 6 d, indicating that FoxL2 plays an important role in Vtg expression in the ovary. Our findings highlight the role of FoxL2 in banana shrimp reproduction and provide valuable information on the genes associated with the F. merguiensis reproductive system.
Deformation rate of engineered wood flooring with response surface methodology and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system
Authors: Wang Huixiang
Published: October 2023

Controlling the deformation rate is the key to improving the product quality of engineered wood flooring. In this work, the changes in the deformation rate of engineered wood flooring were in focus with cold-pressing, response surface methodology, and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system were used to explore the relationship between deformation rate and processing parameters, including adhesive spreading rate, pressing time, and pressing pressure. According to the results, the deformation rate was positively related to pressing time, while it increased first and then decreased with both the increase of adhesive spreading rate and pressing pressure. Meanwhile, a mathematical model was developed, and the significant influence of each term on the deformation rate was analyzed. This model had high feasibility and can be used to describe the relationship between the deformation rate and processing parameters. Furthermore, an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system model was established. It has higher accuracy than that of the response surface methodology model, and it can be used for predicting deformation rate and optimizing processing parameters. Finally, an optimal processing conditions with the lowest deformation rate was determined as follows: 147 g/m2 adhesive spreading rate, 12s pressing time, and 1.2 MPa pressing pressure, and it hope to be adopted in the industrial processing of engineered wood flooring with respective of the higher product quality and lower production costs.
Motivational discourse and campaign-style mobilisation: A positive discourse analysis of language poverty alleviation discourse in China
Authors: Li Run , Yu Yating , Chan Tayden Fung
Published: October 2023

Many studies have investigated language poverty related to aspects of economic assistance, water scarcity, gender inequality, climate change, etc. However, a focus on language policy discourse has been lacking. Language policy discourse is vital because it can be deemed as preliminary to language poverty alleviation action, influencing the success of its implementation. To fill this gap, this study employed positive discourse analysis to investigate discursive strategies used in the discourse of language poverty alleviation in Chinese language policies. The finding shows that through four main discursive strategies–nomination, argumentation, perspectivisation, and predication–official documents concerning language poverty alleviation constructed motivational discourse and applied campaign-style mobilisation to encourage people to follow the implementation of language poverty alleviation. This study sheds light on the official purpose of using certain discursive strategies in language poverty alleviation discourse and some ideological implications behind it and sets an example of the popularisation of official languages to tackle poverty alleviation from a linguistic perspective for other countries/regions.
The effects of body dissatisfaction, sleep duration, and exercise habits on the mental health of university students in southern China during COVID-19
Authors: Liu Bang , Liu Xuesheng , Zou Lin , Hu Jun , Wang Yueming , Hao Ming
Published: October 2023

Following the outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019, universities around the world adopted a closed management model and various restrictive measures intended to reduce human contact and control the spread of the disease. Such measures have had a profound impact on university students, with a marked increase in depression-related psychological disorders. However, little is known about the specific status and factors influencing the impact of the pandemic on student mental health. Addressing this gap, this study examines the body dissatisfaction, physical activity, and sleep of university students during the pandemic, and uses their levels of depression to provide a theoretical basis for the development of mental health interventions for university students in the post-epidemic era. To achieve this, a total of 1,258 university students were randomly recruited for this cross-sectional study. Collected data included respondents’ anthropometric measurements, body dissatisfaction levels, dietary habits, sleep status, physical activity levels, and depression levels. The overall detection rate of depression was 25.4%, with higher levels of depression among women. Multiple regression analysis showed that the PSQI score (β = 1.768, P < 0.01) and physical activity scores (β = -0.048, P < 0.01) were significant predictors of depression in men, while the PSQI score (β = 1.743, P < 0.01) and body dissatisfaction scores (β = 0.917, P < 0.01) were significant predictors of depression in women. Mental health problems were prevalent among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate the possibility of alleviating depression among university students by improving their body dissatisfaction, physical activity, and sleep. However, as this study was limited to Ganzhou City, it is challenging to extrapolate the findings to other populations. As this was a cross-sectional study, a causal relationship between depression levels and lifestyle habits cannot be determined.
Knowledge graph empowerment from knowledge learning to graduation requirements achievement
Authors: Yang Yangrui , Chen Sisi , Zhu Yaping , Zhu Hao , Chen Zhigang
Published: October 2023

A deep understanding of the relationship between the knowledge acquired and the graduation requirements is essential for students to precisely meet the graduation requirements and to become human resources with specific knowledge, skills and professionalism. In this paper, we define the ontology layer of the knowledge graph by deeply analyzing the relationship between graduation requirement, course and knowledge. Based on the implementation of the concept of Outcome Based Education, we use Knowledge extraction, fusion, reasoning techniques to construct a hierarchical knowledge graph with the main line of "knowledge-course-graduation requirements. In the process of knowledge extraction, in order to alleviate the huge labor overhead brought by traditional extraction methods, this paper adopts a transfer learning method to extract triadic knowledge using the multi-task framework EERJE, Finally, knowledge reasoning was also performed with the help of LLM to further expand the knowledge scope. The comprehensiveness, correctness and relatedness of the data were evaluated through the experiment, and the F1 value of the ternary group extraction was 87.76%, the accuracy rate of entity classification was 85.42%, the data coverage was more comprehensive, and the results showed that the data quality was better, and the knowledge graph constructed in this way can fully optimize the organization and management of teaching resources, help students intuitively and comprehensively grasp the correlation and difference between graduation requirements and various knowledge points, and let the Students can carry out personalized independent learning through the navigation mode of knowledge graph, strengthen their weak links, and complete the relevant graduation requirements, which effectively improves the degree of students’ graduation requirements achievement. This new paradigm of knowledge graph enabled teaching is of reference significance for engineering education majors to improve the degree of graduation requirements achievement.
An Exploratory Study on Accompanying Companion Animals during Disaster Evacuations
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Ji Hyeon , Ryu Sangil
Published: October 2023

This study deduced improvement measures such as institutional deficiencies and improvement points for accompanying animals during disaster evacuation. As a result of using the AHP analysis technique for experts, the most important factors were factors that improved public awareness, such as developing promotional contents for companion animals and strengthening trust in the government. The population living with companion animals in Korea is continuously increasing, and it is judged that the issue of companion animals accompanying disaster shelters in the event of a disaster will become an issue in the future disaster and response field. Social consensus on companion animal standards is needed, and it is necessary to establish the concept of livestock and companion animal ranges and boundaries. This study is meaningful in that it presents the direction of experts' perceptions and the government's direction for measuring items of system and policy improvement, operational plan improvement, and public awareness improvement in companion animal accompaniment in disaster evacuation following a disaster.
Relationships between factors of regional competitiveness in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Kovács Péter , Bodnár Gábor , Lengyel Imre
Published: October 2023

The divide between the eastern and western parts of the European Union has been widely discussed. However, significant territorial differences are undoubtedly present even within the narrower eastern region of the EU. This study focuses on the competitiveness of regions in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The analysis relies on the pyramid model, the theoretical background of which provides the basis for investigating the factors affecting the competitiveness of the 51 NUTS 2 regions across six CEE countries. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is applied to examine the relationships and effect mechanisms between the model’s factors (more specifically, between the latent variables representing the factors). We have adapted our general model to the so-called overperforming and underperforming regions described by Iammarino et al. (2019), exploring the connections of their competitiveness factors in this context. Research results reveal that the effect mechanisms observed between the above-mentioned regions are completely different. Various factors can be considered as either important or less decisive in terms of competitiveness development, which could have implications for regional policy moving forward.
Growth and Development of Digital Humanities as an Independent Academic Discipline in India
Authors: Barman Badan , Baishya Kankana
Published: October 2023

This study is conducted to bring into focus the different dimensions of digital humanities as an independent academic discipline, especially in the Indian context. The data and information for the study are gathered through email communication with the pioneers in digital humanities in India, which is further enriched with evidence from institutional websites and already published literature in digital humanities. All the data and information is grouped into events, literature, programmes and courses, departments, centres, organisations and associations, projects, and practises, which also exist in other disciplines, to derive conclusions. The findings show that at this moment in time, especially in the Indian context, it would be unjustified to opine in favour of digital humanities as an independent academic discipline. In the days to come, it may emerge as an independent academic discipline, merge with information science, or remain ahumanities discipline only.
Gamification for Digital Humanities in Libraries
Authors: T R Manu , Gala Bhakti
Published: October 2023

Games or gamification is an application of the digital humanities that impacts learning and education in the digital era. It has been playing significant roles in user education and promoting the user services of libraries. Libraries conduct several activities to promote library services and educate users on their digital resources and services. They have been following the best practices of promoting the library services and developing the digital literacy skills of users through conducting library orientation programs, resource sharing, vendor talks, demonstrations, training & tutorial sessions, content alerts, workshops, focus group discussions, etc. to make users aware and motivate them to the effective use of library services and resources. In the current digital era, acquiring knowledge through modern & intellectual skills using an online platform, has been introduced. Thus, modern libraries have started facilitating gamification platforms in the library premises to create more enthusiasm for learning quickly with deeper understanding, increasing engagement and motivation in using library services and digital resources. This research paper surveyed and evaluated the free web-based games available for developing digital literacy, including digital literacy instructions and promoting library services that benefit the libraries to identify the role of digital humanities in libraries by implementing gamification. The research study also evaluated the games, based on their features, simulations, play, etc., and ranked them based on selected criteria. The study found thatGaming Against Plagiarism (GAP), reference sources, and citation awareness is more popular.
Revisión de Senega subgénero Clinclinia (Polygalaceae)
Authors: Martinez Agustina
Published: October 2023

An exhaustive review of Senega subgenus Clinclinia (Polygalaceae) is presented here. The subgenus is conformed by 23 species distributed mainly in Argentina and Chile, with some species in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. All species are here described in detail and photographs of the plants in their habitat are provided along with photographic plates of their floral structures, distribution maps, and assessments of their conservation status. Senega kurtzii is here described as a new species. In addition, two identification keys, one of the three subgenera of Senega, other for all species of the subgenus Clinclinia, and an exhaustive list of the material examined are provided.
Katolicy z Polski na rozdrożu
Authors: Mariański Janusz
Published: October 2023

Recenzja: 
Józef Baniak, Religijność i kościelność dorosłych katolików polskich w latach 1956–2020 na tle przemian cywilizacyjnych i społecznych. Studium socjologiczne
Wydawnictwo Nauk Społecznych i Humanistycznych UAM
Poznań 2023, ss. 696.
In utero, lactational, or peripartal fluoxetine administration has differential implications on the murine maternal skeleton
Authors: Fricke Hannah P. , Krajco Chandler J. , Perry Molly J. , Reisner Maggie A. , Brettingen Lauren J. , Wake Lella A. , Charles Julia F. , Hernandez Laura L.
Published: October 2023

The peripartal period is marked by alterations in calcium metabolism to accommodate for embryonic skeletal mineralization and support bone development of offspring in early life, and serotonin plays a critical role in modulating peripartal bone remodeling. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used as first‐line treatment for psychiatric illness during pregnancy and the postpartum period and considered safe for maternal use during this time frame. In order to evaluate the effect of peripartal alterations of the serotonergic system on maternal skeletal physiology, we treated dams with the SSRI fluoxetine during gestation only, lactation only, or during the entire peripartal period. Overall, we found a low dose of fluoxetine during gestation only had minimal impacts on maternal bone at weaning, but there were implications on maternal skeleton at weaning when dams were exposed during lactation only or during the entire peripartal period. We found that these effects were differential between female mice dosed lactationally or peripartally, and there were also impacts on maternal mammary gland at weaning in both of these groups. Though SSRIs are largely considered safe maternally during the peripartal period, this study raises the question whether safety of SSRIs, specifically fluoxetine, during the peripartal period should be reevaluated.
Exploring tropical differential equations
Authors: Cotterill Ethan , López Cristhian Garay , Luviano Johana
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this paper is fourfold. The first is to develop the theory of tropical differential algebraic geometry from scratch; the second is to present the tropical fundamental theorem for differential algebraic geometry, and show how it may be used to extract combinatorial information about the set of power series solutions to a given system of differential equations, both in the archimedean (complex analytic) and in the non-Archimedean (e.g., p-adic) setting. A third and subsidiary aim is to show how tropical differential algebraic geometry is a natural application of semiring theory, and in so doing, contribute to the valuative study of differential algebraic geometry. We use this formalism to extend the fundamental theorem of partial differential algebraic geometry to the differential fraction field of the ring of formal power series in arbitrarily (finitely many variables; in doing so we produce new examples of non-Krull valuations that merit further study in their own right.
Employment Protection in Dual Labor Markets: Any Amplification of Macroeconomic Shocks?
Authors: Lochner Benjamin
Published: October 2023

This paper studies the effects of labor market duality in terms of employment legislation protection (EPL) on labor market volatilities. Modeling contractual heterogeneity through a gap in EPL of temporary and permanent workers (weakly protected temporary/highly protected permanent contracts), I simulate both supply and demand shocks in a New Keynesian model with unemployment. I find that unemployment fluctuations follow an inverted U-shape over the magnitude of the EPL gap: small EPL gaps amplify, while large EPL gaps dampen the reaction of unemployment. In a subsequent empirical analysis, I find that the model’s predictions are consistent with panel data for a large set of OECD countries. Uncovering the non-linear course of unemployment volatility helps reconcile previous divergent research results.
Between East and West: The Spoils of the Conquest as “Triggers of Memory” in Umayyad al-Andalus
Authors: Elices Ocón Jorge
Published: October 2023

This paper addresses literary evidence on the spoils of al-Andalus, their origin and final fate once transported to the East. These objects, identified as the Table of Solomon, the crowns of the Visigothic kings, a gemstone (yāqūt) that belonged to Ḏū l-Qarnayn, and a jug of pearls (qulayla), were not only associated with pre-Islamic and Islamic characters but also with objects displayed in major Islamic shrines in the East, such as the pearl Yatīma and a gemstone called Qulayla, displayed in the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem and in the Great Mosque of Damascus, respectively. It is my contention that the accounts provided by Andalusi scholars such as Ibn Ḥabīb (d. 853) and Aḥmad al-Rāzī (d. 955) stressed the symbolic value of these spoils of conquest as signs of sovereignty and relics of the past and articulated an Umayyad discourse of legitimacy that highlighted their claim as rightful and pious caliphs, establishing a link between Past and Present and East and West.
The Tombs of the Umayyad Rulers at the

Rawḍa of the

Alcázar of Cordoba and Their Symbolic Meaning
Authors: Moreno Eduardo Manzano
Published: October 2023

The Umayyad amirs and caliphs of al-Andalus had as their permanent residence a qaṣr or Alcázar within the madīna of Cordoba, opposite the main mosque. Very few remains are left of this palatial complex, which sources do not describe in too much detail. However, these sources consistently mention the existence of a cemetery within the walls of this Alcázar in which all Umayyad rulers were buried. This cemetery was called rawḍa. The existence of a “royal” mausoleum in Islamic lands from as early as the eighth/second century is extraordinary since there are not precedents in the Umayyad and ʿAbbāsid caliphates of this kind of funerary enclosures. Also, the name rawḍa begs some questions about the symbolism of this funerary enclosure that can be related to Qurʾānic references to Paradise, to parallels with the topography of the mosque of the Prophet in Medina, and, particularly, to the massacre of the oriental Umayyads by the ʿ Abbāsids.
Drawn to Decisions: Hungarian Jewish Citizen Ignác Goldziher
Authors: Ujvári Hedvig
Published: October 2023

In a previous study about Max Nordau (1849–1923), a doctor, writer, journalist, and Zionist born in Hungary who had spent his youth in Budapest and had a successful career in Paris, and Theodor Herzl (1860–1904), who became known as a playwright in Vienna, an employee of the newspaper Neue Freie Presse, and ultimately as the author of Der Judenstaat (The State of the Jews), I examined the role that assimilation, language, and identity played in the development of their careers.

Ujvári, Hedvig, “Issues of Assimilation, Language and Identity in the Lives of Young Max Nordau and Tivadar Herzl”, AHEA: E-journal of the American Hungarian Educators Association 5 (2012), 1–20, http://ahea.net/e-journal/volume-5-2012.

The present study is a continuation of that train of thought, this time focusing on Ignác Goldziher (1850–1921), the founder of what would become Modern European Islamic Studies. He and Nordau were high school classmates

Goldziher himself refers to the classmate relationship in his Diary: “Max Nordau was among my classmates.” See Goldziher, Ignaz, Tagebuch, ed. by Scheiber, Alexander, Leiden: Brill, 1978, 30; Goldziher, Ignác, Napló [Diary], Vál., s. a. r., az előszót és a jegyzeteket írta Scheiber Sándor [ed. by Scheiber, Sándor], Budapest: Magvető, 1985, 39.

and prepared for their graduation together, during which time Goldziher also attended the university lectures of Ármin Vámbéry (1832–1913) in preparation for his scientific career. At the age of 20, Goldziher completed his doctorate in Leipzig with every promise of a successful career in Hungarian higher education; however, the death of Minister of Culture József Eötvös dashed these hopes,

József Eötvös (1813–1870): lawyer, writer, first minister of religion and public education in the Batthyány and then Andrássy governments, and president of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1866–1871).

and instead of joining the ranks of academia, Goldziher was forced to earn a living as a religious notary for the local Jewish community and worked on his academic research at night. He spent the rest of his life in Budapest, only leaving Hungary for short periods of time to attend academic events such as conferences on Orientalism, and consistently refused every foreign job offer that came his way.
Sorption of U(VI) on dolomite in a dilute carbonate solution: behavior investigation and mechanism probe
Authors: Yin Xiaoyu , Wu Peng , Zhao Yufan , Shi Shilong , Liu Jun , Li Feize , Liao Jiali , Liu Ning , Yang Yuanyou , Lan Tu
Published: October 2023

The U(VI) sorption behavior on dolomite was systematically investigated in a dilute carbonate solution using batch technique. The distribution coefficients (K
d) increased with the increasing time and temperature, but decreased with the increase of initial U(VI) concentration and ionic strength. As the initial pH increased from 2.0 to 10.5, the K
d values first increased and then decreased, mainly due to the transition from electrostatic attraction to repulsion caused by the changes in U(VI) species. The sorption process was well-described by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models, and was spontaneous, endothermic, heterogeneous, and pH-dependent. In the presence of HA/FA, at low pH, more HAs/FAs were adsorbed on dolomite surface, providing more sorption sites for the positively charged U(VI) species, and promoting the U(VI) sorption. At high pH, more HAs/FAs were dispersed in solution, encapsulating the negatively charged U(VI) species in aggregates, and inhibiting the U(VI) sorption. The promoting and inhibiting effects of HA on the sorption process are obviously stronger than FA. XPS spectra indicated that the surface ‒OH and CO3
2− on the hydroxylated dolomite and the –OH groups in HA/FA may be involved in U(VI) sorption. The results reported here provide valuable references for further understanding U(VI) migration in geological media.
Facile synthesis of g-C3N4 nanosheets for effective degradation of organic pollutants via ball milling
Authors: Luo Xi , Dong Yuqin , Wang Dongying , Duan Yujie , Lei Ke , Mao Linjiao , Li Ying , Zhao Qiang , Sun Yan
Published: October 2023

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted extensive research interest in pollutants remediation. However, the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 was significantly limited by its small specific surface area. In this work, a green, high-energy ball milling method was used to fabricate g-C3N4 nanosheets. The structure, morphology, and optical properties of the prepared g-C3N4 nanosheets were characterized. The effect of ball milling parameters on the photocatalytic performance evaluated by Rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline (TC) was investigated systemically. Among the tested samples, the g-C3N4 sample milled with a 4 mL isopropanol solution at a rotation speed of 420 rpm, ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1, and milling time of 24 h exhibited the highest RhB degradation efficiency of 91.4% and TC degradation efficiency of 70.2%. The enhanced photocatalytic activity after ball milling was ascribed to the increase in specific surface area and efficient separation of electron–hole pairs. The trapping experiment indicated that holes and superoxide radicals were the main active species in the degradation reaction. Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation mechanism of organic pollutants on g-C3N4 nanosheets was also discussed in detail.
Investigation of the effect of CA IX enzyme inhibition on the EZH2 gene and histone 3 modifications
Authors: Karakus İbrahim , Guler Özen Özensoy
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Colon cancer is the most common gastrointestinal cancer worldwide with high morbidity and mortality rates. The main purpose of our study is to elucidate the interaction mechanism of the H+ ion concentration effect in the CO2/HCO3
− buffer system of tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) enzyme inhibition in the HT-29 colon cancer cell line on cell epigenetic modifications.

Methods

Cell culture was performed using the human colon cancer cell line HT-29. CA IX enzyme inhibitor Acetazolamide (AZA) was administered. The results of the cell viability test and inhibition were evaluated. Extracellular pH measurements were performed. Total histone protein isolation was performed and Histone H3 modifications were analyzed by ELISA method. After RNA isolation, complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis was carried out. RT-PCR was performed to determine the gene expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1A (HIF1A), enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and CA IX.

Results

CA IX enzyme inhibition in the HT-29 cell line decreased the expression of CA IX (p<0.05) and HIF1A (p<0.01) genes and increased the expression of the EZH2 (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in the expression of CA IX (p<0.05) and HIF1A genes as a result of inhibition with AZA performed under hypoxic conditions. It was observed that CA IX enzyme inhibition increases the expression of the EZH2 gene by more than 3 times (p<0.01). As a result of AZA inhibition, methylation levels were observed to increase in normoxic conditions, while methylation levels were observed to decrease in hypoxic conditions.

Conclusions

Observing the changes in the H3 modifications and changes in the expression of CA IX, HIF1A and EZH2 genes in this study supports that CA IX enzyme inhibition plays an active role in epigenetic modifications.
A Scoping Review of the Predictive Qualities of Walking Speed in Older Adults
Authors: Hainline Garrett , Hainline Robin D. , Handlery Reed , Fritz Stacy
Published: October 2023

Background and Purpose:

Walking speed (WS) is an easily assessable and interpretable functional outcome measure with great utility for the physical therapist providing care to older adults. Since WS was proposed as the sixth vital sign, research into its interpretation and use has flourished. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify the current prognostic value of WS for the older adult.

Methods:

A scoping review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus to find relevant articles highlighting the predictive capabilities of WS for older adults. Titles and abstracts were reviewed to identify relevant articles. Articles were excluded based on the following criteria: sample included both younger and older adults without separate analyses, sample was focused on a particular disease, if the study was published before 2017, or if the study did not report relevant cut points for interpretation of WS. The search returned 1064 results. Following removal of articles not meeting inclusion criteria and critical appraisal, relevant cut points were extracted from 47 original research publications.

Results and Discussion:

A preliminary review of the included articles showed that WS is a valuable prognostic tool across many health domains, including mental health, mortality, disability, pain, bone and joint health, falls, cognition, physical activity, metabolic health, risk for cardiovascular disease, socialization, and metabolic health. The fastest WS of 1.32 meters per second (m/s) served as a cutoff for decreased risk for incident development of type 2 diabetes, while the slowest WS of less than 0.2 m/s was associated with increased duration of hospitalization. Multiple studies reported on the prognostic value of WS slower than 1.0 m/s.

Conclusion:

Although the reported range of predictive WS values was broad, multiple studies found WS of approximately 1.0 m/s to be a useful marker for delineating risk or decline across a variety of health domains. Clinicians may find it useful to use a WS slower than 1.0 m/s as a “yellow flag” to guide evaluation and intervention for their older adult clients.
Deformative Experience: Explaining the Effects of Adversity on Moral Evaluation
Authors: Robbins Philip , Alvear Fernando
Published: October 2023

Recent research suggests that moral behavior attracts more praise, and immoral behavior less blame, when the agent has suffered in childhood. In this article we report results from three studies in which a fictional character's childhood was described in terms of either neglect and abuse (Adversity condition), love and care (Prosperity condition), or neutrally (Control condition). In Study 1 (N = 248), participants in the Adversity condition attributed more praise to a fictional character relative to other conditions. In Study 2 (N = 275), participants in the Adversity condition attributed more praise and less blame relative to other conditions, with the effects mediated by self-expressivity. In Study 3 (N = 275), where the character was female rather than male, there was no effect of condition on praise, but there was an effect of condition on blame, and this effect was mediated by self-expressivity and social-emotional impairment.
Within-Person Versus Between-Person: Social Connectedness, Target Roles, and Cultural Backgrounds Contribute to Perceived Social Obligations
Authors: Zhu Nan , Smetana Judith G. , Chang Lei
Published: October 2023

Helping others in need is universally encouraged and appreciated. However, the conceptualization of social obligation underlying helping may differ considerably in different cultures. In three studies, we explored variations in perceived social obligations both between and within different Western and Confucian (East Asian) societies using hypothetical scenarios. Study 1 (N = 525) compared the United States, Japan, and China and found stronger effects of individual differences in social connections on perceived obligation toward strangers for U.S. participants than for Chinese and Japanese participants. Studies 2 (N = 260) and 3 (N = 398) examined preregistered hypotheses about perceived obligations toward wider-ranging targets in the United States and China, respectively, and found different patterns of favoritism in these two societies. Study 3 also found that Confucian role-requirement reasoning and expected reciprocity predicted Chinese participants’ perceived obligations toward familiar and unfamiliar targets, respectively.
ENDÜSTRİYEL İŞLEME ESASLI TAZE VE KURU CEVİZİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: TAŞKIN Onur , PAN Zhongli
Published: October 2023

Endüstride cevizin hasat sonrası işlemleri tüketim öncesinde ön hazırlık niteliğindedir. Bu çalışmada taze ve kurutulmuş ceviz örneklerinin boyutları, tane yoğunluğu, kritik hızı, sürtünme katsayısı, rengi, yağ kalitesi, protein içeriği, su geçirgenlik yolu ve mikroyapı değişimleri araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar taze ceviz örneklerinin tüm fiziksel ve aerodinamik özelliklerinin (sürtünme katsayısı hariç) kuru cevizlere göre daha yüksek değerde olduğunu göstermiştir. Toplam renk farkı 6.3 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ancak yağ kalitesi ve protein içeriği açısından örnekler arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır (p<0.05). Taramalı elektron mikroskopu görüntüleri karşılaştırıldığında, hem taze hem de kurutulmuş ceviz yüzeyinin pürüzsüz bir yapıya sahip olduğu ve belirgin gözenekli bir yapıya sahip olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, endüstriyel kurutma yönteminin dış yapıyı etkilerken içyapıyı etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir.
A Class Project for Investigating Possible Future Local Effects of Global Climate Change through Student Analysis of Fossil Faunas
Authors: Lambert William David
Published: October 2023

A common question posed to environmental scientists by nonscientists, particularly policymakers, is the following: In a world that is globally warmer, what will the new climate be like in specific geographical regions? This question has been and continues to be addressed by computer modeling, a technique that is out of reach for vast majority of students. However, an alternate approach to investigating this issue exists that is more practical for students. Past climates can be inferred for specific regions from fossils, utilizing climate tolerances of related modern organisms. When these inferred past climates correspond to periods of the Earth’s history where levels of carbon dioxide were as high or higher than today, these data can be used to extrapolate possible future local climates in a globally warmer world. The last Pleistocene interglacial period (known as the Eemian), which occurred approximately 120,000 years ago, is an ideal time period for studies of this kind for the following reasons. First, carbon dioxide levels were elevated at this time to levels approximating modern global conditions, and the world was warmer as evidenced by a much higher sea level than exists today. Secondly, most Eemian-age animals (especially mollusks) still exist, have known climate tolerances, and are relatively common as fossils. Students examining fossil mollusk faunas have applied this methodology to infer the Eemian climates of South Florida and coastal Virginia and found unexpectedly that for both regions the Eemian climate did not greatly differ from the modern one. The methodology described here can be used to address other important questions and puts such authentic and potentially valuable scientific research within practical reach of student scientists.
Sound Cage
Authors: Mitchell Joshua A.
Published: October 2023

Throughout the 20th century, the prison radio and the prison PA system differed in the auditory experiences they brought to imprisoned listeners, but each technology was scrutinized by penal staffs for its potential to meet institutional goals. One common assertion—often recirculated within popular media depicting the prison—was that sound leisure could offer prisoners a temporary reprieve from their incarceration. This commentary sifts through the repressive and regulatory uses of sound technologies in the prison to search for this promise of a freedom that is more than metaphorical.
The implementation of conjugate gradient methods for data fitting
Authors: NORHASLINDA ZULL PAKKAL  , N. Shapiee  , S.F. Husin  , W. Khadijah  , N.A. Salahudin  , S.M. Zokri  , M.N. Rashidi
Published: October 2023

The conjugate gradient (CG) method is widely used to solve the unconstrained optimization problem by finding the optimal solution. This problem can be solved by an iterative method. CG method can be classified into classical, modified, spectral, three terms, and hybrid. In this research, Polak-Ribiere-Polyak (PRP), Rivaie-Mustafa-Ismail-Leong (RMIL), Nurul Hajar-Mustafa-Rivaie (NMR) and Linda-Aini-Mustafa-Rivaie (LAMR) are the four chosen methods for this comparison study. These methods are tested under the Armijo line search. There are 14 test functions with five initial points and various variables are chosen. This comparison study is tested using MatlabR2022a to evaluate iteration number and CPU time. The performance profiles of the numerical result are plotted using a Sigma plot. Then, a set of data, the ASB dividend rate is used to form a linear model. In conclusion, PRP performs better than any other method since it yields the best numerical results and is applicable for data fitting.
Comparison of recurrent neural network and long-short term memory technique in predicting mortality rate in Malaysia
Authors: Anupriya Samantha , Ramli Nor Azuana , Awalin Lilik Jamilatul
Published: October 2023

The Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health states that mortality data are a crucial tool for examining a community's health. Several studies have been conducted on developing a predictive model to predict the mortality rate but most of them are applying the standard machine learning models. Hence, this study is conducted with its main objective to develop the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models in predicting the general mortality rate in Malaysia and compare the predicted mortality rates between data with and without post-pandemic statistics. The death rate was investigated using the 2022 Revision of World Population Prospects, the twenty-seventh edition of official United Nations population estimates and projections issued by the Population Division of the United Nations Secretariat's Department of Economic and Social Affairs.  A Z-test was employed to investigate if the 2021 and 2022 mortality rates bring any significant difference to the predicted mortality rates. The findings confirm the superiority of the LSTM model in accurately predicting mortality rates compared to RNN with the inclusion of post-pandemic data did not significantly affect the model's predictions. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of Malaysian mortality rates and provides a foundation for future investigations in this field.  The accuracy in predicting the future mortality rates, particularly in pandemic scenarios, remains challenging and requires further research.
Numerical Analysis on The Effects of Stagger, Thickness, and Curvature on The Propulsion of Tandem Airfoil
Authors: Zebua Andrew G. , Tobing Sheila , Nur Tajuddin , Indianto Mohammad Akita
Published: October 2023

The study of the aerodynamics of flapping airfoils is crucial to understand the flight of natural flyers and its potential applications in developing micro air vehicles and wind/water turbine blades. There has been much research on the aerodynamics of flapping wings recently, but there is only a little research relating to the tandem airfoil. Therefore, this study is conducted to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of the tandem airfoil at Re = 100000, typical of insect flight. The tandem airfoil is plunging and pitching harmonically. This study numerically analyzes the effects of stagger, thickness, and curvature on tandem airfoil propulsion. The effects of stagger are studied using NACA 0012, while the effects of thickness are analyzed on NACA 0012, 0015, 0020 and 0030. The simulations to study the effects of curvature are conducted using NACA 0030. The optimum distance of the stagger is X/c = 2.5, but the propulsive efficiency of tandem NACA 0012 is still smaller than two single NACA 0012 airfoils. For the most optimum thickness at 30% of the chord length, the propulsive efficiency of tandem NACA 0030 is higher than two single NACA 0030 airfoils. Meanwhile, the most optimum curvature is 0% because the increase in curvature of the airfoil reduces propulsive efficiency.
Validation of Malaysian Driving Style Self-Assessment with Observational Road Study
Authors: M.Z.A. Kamaludin  , Karjanto Juffrizal , N. Muhammad  , N. Md. Yusof  , M.Z. Hassan  , A.F.H. Zulkifli  , Z.M. Jawi  , A.A. Ab Rashid
Published: October 2023

Along with the increasing application of a self-assessment questionnaire to recognize the driving style, questions have been raised about the possibility of reporting bias because of the driver’s misjudgment. A hazy reference point was the cause since drivers lack objective input directly tied to their driving behaviour when answering a self-assessment questionnaire. This study aims to validate the results of a driving style self-assessment questionnaire with road studies for Malaysian drivers. A total of 20 drivers’ driving styles were recorded and evaluated by the two designated observers. The driver completed the driving self-evaluation questionnaire (18 items) after finishing the two designated routes (familiarization and experiment route). In comparison, the observer evaluated the driver by using two forms: 1) a driver evaluation questionnaire (18 items) after the experiment and 2) an on-road driver observation form (25 items) during the experiment. Inference statistics analyzed the data using regression, Pearson correlation, Wilcoxon z-value, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and reliability test. For the reliability test, the questionnaire illustrates the consistency and reliability of the set questionnaire used in this study, ranging from acceptable to good. However, the result shows no significant correlations between driver and observer with on-road driver observation forms for error/violation during driving activities. Besides, there were significant differences between the driver and observer regarding driving style evaluation. The over-positive appraisal was higher among drivers with higher error/violation scores and with the ones that the observer evaluated. The theoretical and practical significance of the self-driving questionnaire is addressed.
Reliability of Response-Controlled Stepped Sine Testing for Experimental Detection of Nonlinear Structure
Authors: Yunus M. A. , A.R. Bahari  , M.N. Abdul Rani  , Z. Yahya  , M.A. Rahim
Published: October 2023

Nonlinear structural dynamic analysis is required for mechanical structures experiencing nonlinearity through large force-vibration response ranges. Nonlinearities can be caused by large vibration displacements, material properties, or joints. Experimental modal analysis for nonlinear detection is achieved using conventional force-controlled stepped sine testing. However, this approach often encounters premature jumps in frequency response curves before reaching actual resonance peaks. In recent years, response-controlled stepped sine testing (RCT) has been introduced to precisely quantify resonant peaks. This approach, however, has only been limitedly utilised to detect and analyse nonlinearity in jointed structures and structures experiencing large displacement. In this paper, the reliability of the RCT approach is assessed for detecting nonlinearity from different sources. The experimental setup involves placing two magnets on opposite sides of a plate's free end to induce localised nonlinearity through magnet attraction. A low force magnitude of random excitation is employed to identify the frequency range of the first vibration mode using an electromagnetic shaker. Subsequently, RCT is performed within this range to measure the nonlinear forced response. Frequency response functions are measured at ten different controlled displacement amplitudes at the driving point. The analysis observed a symmetry curve of response in the measured FRFs. The results indicate that nonlinear hardening is detected at structures with localised magnet attraction. In conclusion, the reliability of applying the RCT approach for detecting nonlinearity from magnet attraction is achieved due to the absence of a jump issue in FRFs.
Rollover Investigation of Two-Axle Heavy Vehicle Based on Load Transfer Ratio with Vehicle and Road Condition: A Simulation Approach
Authors: Nurzaki Ikhsan  , A.A Saifizul  , R. Ramli
Published: October 2023

Commercial heavy vehicle is commonly used to transport goods and people efficiently and safely. A previous study has shown a number of gross vehicle weight (GVW) and speed violations recorded in selected areas in Malaysia, and two-axle single unit truck (SUT) is the most commercial heavy vehicle type that violated the weight and speed regulation. Moreover, accidents involving heavy vehicles result in severe traffic disruption and fatalities to other road users due to heavy vehicle size and capability to carry huge amounts of goods. Thus, the objective of this paper is to investigate the correlation and effect of the vehicle and road condition on the two-axle SUT rollover during cornering on the curved road using the simulation approach. The verified two-axle SUT model is simulated using IPG-TruckMaker® with different GVW, speed, and coefficient of friction values while the cornering radius, driver behaviour and load’s center of gravity remain constant. A correlation based on performance indices is established, and it is found that the heavy vehicle speed has a strong correlation to the lateral load transfer to cause a rollover followed by GVW and coefficient of friction, respectively.