bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) vs insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla-100) in children and adolescents (6–17 years) with type 1 diabetes: results of the EDITION JUNIOR randomized controlled trial
Authors: Danne Thomas , Tamborlane William V. , Malievsky Oleg A. , Franco Denise R. , Kawamura Tomoyuki , Demissie Marek , Niemoeller Elisabeth , Goyeau Harmonie , Wardecki Marek , Battelino Tadej
Published: May 2020

Objective:
To compare efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) and 100
U/mL (Gla-100) in children and adolescents (6–17 years) with type 1 diabetes.

Study Design: EDITION JUNIOR was a non-inferiority, international, open-label,
two-arm, parallel-group, phase 3b trial. Participants were randomized 1:1 to
Gla-300 or Gla-100, titrated to achieve fasting self-monitored plasma glucose
levels of 90–130 mg/dL (5.0–7.2 mmol/L), with continuation of prior prandial
insulin. The primary endpoint was between-group difference in HbA1c
change from baseline to Week 26. Other assessments included change in fasting
plasma glucose (FPG), hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia with ketosis and adverse
events.

Results: In 463
randomized participants (Gla-300, n=233; Gla-100, n=230), comparable least
squares (LS) mean (standard error) reductions in HbA1c were observed
from baseline to Week 26 (−0.40 [0.06] % for both), with LS mean between-group difference
of 0.004 % (95% CI: −0.17–0.18), confirming non-inferiority at the prespecified
0.3 % (3.3 mmol/mol) margin. Mean FPG change from baseline to Week 26 was also similar
between groups. During the 6-month treatment period, incidence and event rates
of severe or documented (≤70 mg/dL [≤3.9 mmol/L]) hypoglycemia were similar
between groups. Incidence of severe hypoglycemia was 6.0% with Gla-300 and 8.8%
with Gla-100 (relative risk 0.68 [95% CI: 0.35–1.30]). Incidence of any hyperglycemia
with ketosis was 6.4% with Gla-300, 11.8% with Gla-100.

Conclusions: Gla-300 provided similar glycemic control and safety
profiles to Gla-100 in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, indicating
that Gla-300 is a suitable therapeutic option in this population.
Administrasjonsparadokset
Authors: Lo Christian , Vabo Signy Irene
Published: May 2020

In this chapter, we discuss the consequences of what we have coined as the “administrative paradox”. The administrative paradox denotes the tensions that occurs when the normative expectation that political leaders should have a leading role in policy processes meets the practical reality that administrative actors are often the ones to set the political agenda. In the chapter, we discuss the modern-day relevance of classical ideas about the relation between politics and administration and, also, explore some recent attempts made by Norwegian municipalities to innovate political leadership in ways that affect this relation. A central theme in our discussion is the consequences of the so-called “hour-glass model” that describes a separation of politics and administration where the two spheres are joined through the roles of the mayor and the chief municipal executive. While the hour-glass model has had a profound impact on the organization of political and administrative leadership in Norwegian municipalities for close to three decades, we argue that the model is now due for a replacement. In its place, we suggest an alternative model that provides a more accurate description of how political leaders maintain a wider set of interfaces and that admits politicians a role also in the early phases of policy development. We have called this alternative model the “cogwheel-model”. In a brief and subsequent chapter, a Norwegian Chief Executive reflects on the interplay between politics and administration.
Refleksjoner rundt paradokser, lederskap og læring
Authors: Røiseland Asbjørn , Sørensen Eva , Torfing Jacob
Published: May 2020

In this chapter we sum up and conclude the book. In the first part we summarize the four paradoxes that have structured the book. The four paradoxes relate to conflict, administration, openness and democracy. We then discuss the national Norwegian framework for local government, and to what extent and how changes in for example national legislation can influence on the paradoxes and the tensions related to them. The third and last section focusses on the local level, and discusses how political leaders, individually as well as a collective, can strengthen their political leadership through different activities at different arenas for learning. In a brief and subsequent chapter, we give a practical example on how this may be organized.
Effect of Impact Load on Concrete Containing Recycled Tire Rubber Aggregate With and Without Fire Exposure
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad Arf , Abdullah faraj Wrya Abdulfaraj , Abdul-Kadir Mohamed Raouf
Published: May 2020

Over one billion tires are disposed into the environment each year and this has become a major environmental issue in the globe. Recycling of these waste tire rubbers in concrete has gained attention from researchers all around the world. In this study, the impact resistance of rubberized concrete exposed to fire is investigated experimentally in the laboratory.  For that purpose, sixty specimens were made with five different mixes replacing their sand content partially with different percentages of tire rubber by weight ratios of 0% control, 6%, 12%, 18% and 24%. The water/cement ratio was kept constant at 0.393 in all the mixes. In each mix, fifteen concrete specimens with the size of (150 x 150 x 73) mm were prepared to expose to fire. Every three specimens were gradually exposed to fire for four various durations of (0, 15, 30, and 45) minutes. Each specimen was then tested in a drop-weight impact machine by dropping 2240-gr and 4500-gr hammers from heights of 280 mm and 450 mm. The average impact energy of three identical specimens required for the occurrence of the final fracture was calculated. The investigational results are compared with results of control samples. It is found that the impact energy considerably increased with an increase of the rubber replacement. It is, also, noted that any increase in the burning period of specimens results in a reduction of the impact energy and more early crushing of the rubberized concrete.
Anatomopathological Correlation Between The Clinical Tumor Stage And The Cystectomy Piece
Authors: Graiouid El Mahdi , Bai Walid , Gallouo Messian , Doumer Abderrahmane , Dakir Mohammed , Debbagh Adil , Aboutaieb Rachid
Published: May 2020

Objectives: For a better staging of bladder tumors, we studied the characteristics and the clinical tumor stage in a series of patients and we compared them with the anatomopathological results of cystectomy.

Materials and methods: The clinical data of 126 patients who had had radical cystectomy with ilio-obturator dissection for bladder cancer in our department were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: Of the 126 cases studied, 86% were men (109 cases) and 14% women , the average age in our series is 60 years. There was a correlation in 48.4% of the cases. The differences between clinical and pathological stages were statistically significant, the agreement was moderate with a percentage of 1.5% of pT0 at the cystectomy site (P <0.005). We found the following results: 100% of the 2 T0 tumors were T2. 80% of the 31 T1 tumors were T1, while 7 were T2; 28.3% of T2 tumors were T2, 11.6% were superficial tumors; 77.7% of T3 tumors were T3; 100% of T4 tumors were T4. Pathological lymph node involvement was diagnosed in 77 patients (61.1%) while only 19.8% was diagnosed with an abdominopelvic CT scan (P <0.005).

Conclusion: This study demonstrated the high risk of the presence of an increase or decrease in the local stage of the primary tumor and of lymph node involvement.
Impact of Accompanied Referral and Effective Counseling on Enrolment And Linkage to ART of Newly Identified HIV Positive Clients Toward Achieving Epidemic Control in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Adebanjo A. M. , Usman S. O. , Emeh A. , Ogboghodo E. , Elusoji F. , Akpan L. , Oguejiofor I. , Ale J. , Udechukwu C. , Owolagba F. E. , Amoo B. , Jolayemi T. , Okonkwo P.
Published: May 2020

Background: Very high rates of late or no ART initiation remains a persistent challenge to the achievement of PEPFAR 95-95-95 targets despites new NAIIS report stating prevalence of HIV in Nigeria as 1.5%. This study assessed the impact of accompanied referral (AR) and effective counseling (EC) on enrolment and ART treatment commencement of newly diagnosed HIV positive patients.   

Methods: This study is a Quasi- experimental and analyzed routine program data on linkage from October 2017 – October 2019 for 45 health facilities in two States in South-West Nigeria. The first 6 months (Q1 and Q2 FY18) had no intervention while accompanied referral (AR) was implemented in Q3 and Q4 FY18. EC was implemented with AR in Q1&Q2 FY19 and was followed up till Q3 and Q4 FY19. Data analysis was done using SPSS and significance fixed at P < 0.05

Results: A total of 6114 newly identified HIV-positive clients were identified; mean age was 35.7 ± 13.9 and 31.5% were in the 30-39 years age bracket. Index Testing contributed 28.7% of the HIV positive Clients identified. Percentage Enrolment in Q1 and Q2FY18 increased from 65.8% and 65.6% respectively to 89.9% and 83.8% in Q3 and Q4 FY18. This increased to 99.6% in Q1FY19, 100% in Q2, 99.7% in Q3 and 99.9% in Q4FY19. Percentage linkage to ART in Q1 and Q2FY18 increased from 61.9% and 65.6% respectively to 85.4% and 75.7% in Q3 and Q4 FY18. This increased to 98.8% in Q1FY19, 99.5% in Q2, 99.7% in Q3 and 99.2% in Q4FY19.

Conclusion: AR coupled with EC had the best impact on enrolment, initiation on ART, time to enrolment and initiation.
Effect of Adrenomedullin on Cardiovascular Response to Sympathetic Autonomic Stress in Normotensive and Hypertensive Nigerians
Authors: Elias Simiat Olanike , Bamgbade Irene Yewande
Published: May 2020

Adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator with established cardio-protective potentials when the body is exposed to stress. Sympathetic autonomic stress can lead to systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reactivity which is a predictor of stroke. This study was to determine the effect of Adrenomedullin on cardiovascular response to sympathetic autonomic stress using the Cold Pressor Test in normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) adults. Cardiovascular response to the CPT was measured among 30 NT and 30 HT participants, via blood pressure and heart rate before and after exposure to the cold pressor test (CPT). Plasma Adrenomedullin (ADM) was also determined by means of ELISA. Data were expressed as mean±S.E.M and statistical significance was accepted at 95% confidence interval. Exposure to CPT led to significant increases in SBP and DBP in both NT and HT participants with greater effect in HT (p<0.0001). Plasma Adrenomedullin was significantly higher among the NT but the difference on effect of response to CPT in both groups of participants was not significant. There was a negative and insignificant correlation between the ADM level and change in SBP and DBP among the NT participants but a positive and insignificant correlation with both SBP and DBP among the HT participants. We conclude that plasma Adrenomedullin may prevent the development of hypertension in black individuals.
Primary Duodenal Adenocarcinoma: About Two Cases
Authors: Elkarouachi Asma , Ballati Ahmed , Asmar Mohamed , El Jai Saad Rifki , Boufettal Rachid , Errguibi Driss , Chehab Farid
Published: May 2020

This article focuses on the symptomatic and diagnostic problems of primary duodenal adenocarcinoma by way of two case reports and a literature review.The diagnosis of primary duodenal adenocarcinoma is often delayed because its symptoms may be absent until the tumor has progressed, thus leading to a delay of several months. Patients typically present with a long history of variable and vague symptoms, and many are diagnosed with advanced disease. As regards clinical manifestations, abdominal pain is the most frequent symptom. The majority of these tumors are found to have infiltrated the duodenal wall at presentation, with many being unresectable due to local and distal invasion.
Assessment of Immunopotentiation Action of Standardized Indian Herbal Formulation (Body Revival)
Authors: Khan Munir , Somani Rampal , Sur Tapas Kumar
Published: May 2020

Immunity is a prime indicator of the balance between health and disease. Malnutrition, aging, chronic stress, chronic infections, antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents can suppress the immune function. Body Revival (BR) an herbal preparation was standardized by physicochemical parameters and HPLC. Body Revival pretreatment significantly and dose dependently (200-400 mg/kg) improved the leukocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes counts in peripheral blood and cellularity in bone marrow in Cyclophosphamide induced immune suppressive mice. Therefore, Body Revival has immunopotentiating action and can be therapeutically useful for acute and chronic infections or other immune suppressive diseases.
Effects of Bidens Pilosa (L) Extract on Haematological Parameters of Swiss Albino Rats Orogastrically Dosed with Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Oluyele Olumide , Falowo D. E. , Oladunmoye M. K. , Owoyemi O. O. , Olotu E. J.
Published: May 2020

A large number of medicinal plants and their purified constituents have been shown to have beneficial therapeutic potentials. In this study, ethanolic extract of Bidens pilosa was evaluated for its invivo activity on haematological parameters in Swiss albino rats orogastrically dosed with Escherichia coli O157:H7. Fifteen Swiss albino rats were used for the study. The animals were divided into five groups of three rats each. The first, second and third group of rats were orogastically dosed with 9.1 × 104 cfu/ml of E. coli O157: H7 to induce infection. The first group was treated with 800 mg/kg Body weight (Bw) of the ethanolic extract of B. pilosa, the second group was treated with Ofloxacin (16mg/kg Bw), while the third group was not treated. The fourth group was given only the plant extract, while the fifth group was given sterile distilled water. The results of the haematological assay indicated that: the infected-untreated rats showed lowest mean values of PCV (34.00±2.50a), RBC (6.54±0.45a) and HB (11.50±0.83a); and highest ESR (4.50±0.50c). In the infected-extract-treated group, a significant increase in the PCV (45.00±1.00b) and HB (15.00±0.33b) was observed. The group fed with extract alone had the highest mean values of PCV (51.00±1.00b), RBC (11.10±0.95c) and HB (17.00±0.33b). Similar pattern was observed for the results obtained for the white blood cell differential count. The infected-extract-treated group, and the group to which only extract was administered without infection showed significant increase in lymphocyte count (61.00±1.00ab) and (73.50±2.50c) respectively. Conversely, the infected-untreated group showed a decline in lymphocyte count (54.50±3.50a). The results obtained from this study revealed that ethanolic leaf extract of Bidens pilosa exhibited haematopoietic potential and tends to modulate the values of White Blood Cell differential count in Swiss albino rats.
Bilateral Artificial Iris Implantation In The Patient With Congenital Aniridia, Cataract And Nystagmus. A Case Report.
Authors: Cywinski Adam , Lewicka Katarzyna
Published: May 2020

The article describes a case of surgical treatment of a patient with congenital aniridia, progressive cataract and nystagmus. The patient underwent several stages of treatment, concluded with an artificial iris implantation in both eyes. The presence of significant nystagmus caused the appearance of postoperative complications in one eye, which is why changes in the method of further treatment were introduced.
Determinants of Under-five Mortality in South Africa: Results from a Cross-Sectional Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Motsima Tshaudi , Zuma K. , Rapoo E.
Published: May 2020

Under-five mortality remains a public health challenge in South Africa and other developing countries where children are likely to die before reaching five years. This paper aimed to identify factors associated with under-five mortality in South Africa taking into account clustering using the 1998 South African Demographic and Health Survey data. Survival analysis techniques were used to understand under-five mortality and its determinants. Frailty models incorporating family and community frailty effects were implemented. The results revealed that preceding birth interval, birth type, breastfeeding and dwelling unit type were significant determinants of under-five mortality. The findings further confirmed that children belonging to the same family and children belonging to the same community shared certain unobserved characteristics that put them at risk of death.
Intraperitoneal Inclusion Cyst Presenting as Intestinal Obstruction: A Clinical Dilemma
Authors: Gupta Amit , Kumar Utkarsh , S Durga Sowmya , Mani Rishit , Jain Jaydeep , Singh Ashok , Gupta Sweety
Published: May 2020

Peritoneal inclusion cysts have been described in females of reproductive age. It is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. Causes include pelvic inflammatory disease and prior abdominal surgery. We here present a case of young female of peritoneal inclusion cyst who presented with intestinal obstruction.
The Sea Star Invertebrate Primitive Antibody (IPA):Rosetting And PFC (Plaque-Forming Cell). Anti-SRBC Antibodies
Authors: Leclerc Michel
Published: May 2020

Next to the sea star T and B lymphocytes, we find the IPA (Invertebrate Primitive Antibody). Rosetting test and PFC test  after Injection of SRBC (Sheep red blood cells)were performed in the sea starAsterias rubens (Echinodermata). Positive results were obtained and summarized in this work. They indicated the presence of anti-SRBC antibodies in the sea star, according to the method of Cunningham.
Cytotoxic Effects of Pistacia khinjuk Seed Extracts on Different Cell Lines and its Mitogenic Effects on Blood Lymphocyte In Vitro
Authors: Ahmad Reshna K. , Dizaye Kawa F. , AL-Asady Asaad A.
Published: May 2020

Reports indicated that extract Pistacia khinjuk has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antibacterial, and antiviral, in treating of diarrhea and throat infections and has hepatoprotective effects against acetaminophen and carbon tetrachloride. This study was undertaken to investigate the possible cytotoxic effects of methanolic and aqueous seeds extract of P. khinjuk on different tumors (rhabdomyosarcoma [RD] and murine mammary adenocarcinoma [Ahmed-Mohammed-Nahi-2003 (AMN-3)]) and normal cell lines (murine fibroblast) and its mitogenic effects on blood lymphocytes. The cytotoxic effects of P. khinjuk seed extracts were evaluated on two tumor cell lines, RD and murine mammary adenocarcinoma (AMN-3) and one normal cell line, murine fibroblast (L20B). Moreover, the mitogenic effects of the plant extract were studied, on human blood lymphocytes. Both methanolic and aqueous seed extracts of P. khinjuk significantly induced tumor cell lines and the normal cell line proliferation, especially in highest concentrations. The results show that the extracts induced significant increases in human blood lymphocyte proliferation at 72 h. This activity of plant extracts recommends it as a good mitogenic agent in researches; in conclusion, seed extracts of P. khinjuk induced proliferation of all tested cell lines. High concentrations of both aqueous and methanolic seed extracts of P. khinjuk showed mitogenic effects.
Nutritional Characteristics of Pregnant Women and its Relation with Anemia during Pregnancy in a Sample of Kurdish Women/Iraq
Authors: Abdulwahid Rushna G. , Ahmed Hamdia M.
Published: May 2020

Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the nutritional characteristics of pregnant women and find out its relationship with anemia during pregnancy. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 pregnant women who attended four primary health-care centers which randomly selected according to the geographical area. A specially designed questionnaire was prepared by the researcher after extensive review of relevant literature. The severity of anemia is determined according to Alene and Dohe. Estimation and calculation of dietary characteristics was done according to food frequency questionnaire, frequencies and percentage, mean and standard deviations, and Chi-square test of association and regression analysis. There was a highly statistically significant association between anemia with eating vegetables and chicken, and a high significant relation of anemia with eating beef and eating nuts. Furthermore, there was a highly significant association between severity of anemia with eating nuts, and a significant association with eating vegetables, while there was no significant association with other variables. Logistic regression analysis revealed that eating less than normal of vegetables, beef, and nuts were indicated risks of anemia. Eating less than normal of vegetables, beef, and nuts were indicated risks of anemia during pregnancy.
Significance of Hepatitis B Virus Diagnosis by Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction over Serological Markers in Hepatitis B Virus Patients
Authors: Khaleel Amer A. , Jalal Salah T. , Hussain Saeed G.
Published: May 2020

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of viral hepatitis, as currently over 2 billion people have HBV infection worldwide. Nucleic acid assay and quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) have been developed for diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring of patients with HBV infection. These tests might also show correlation between HBV DNA and HBs serostatus. The study aimed to find and analyze the frequency and impact of HBsAg seropositivity among patients revealed HBV DNA negative level through quantitative estimation of both seromarkers. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Elecsys assays were used for quantitative estimation of HBV DNA and HBs antigen, respectively. A total of 256 blood samples were used from patients referred for either diagnostic purpose and/or HBV viral load monitoring after antiviral therapy. Blood profile analysis showed 12.26% HBs antigen seropositivity among patients revealed negative for nucleic acid assay for HBV DNA. Positive HBs antigen titers ranged from 1000–50,000 COI, with seronegative anti-HBs antibody test for all samples tested positive for HBs antigen. This study delineated that negative or undetectable quantitation of HBV DNA level does not exclude HBV infection; as the level might fluctuate in different phases of HBV replication. This gives an impression and raising a question about significance of replacing test for HBsAg with quantitation of HBV DNA PCR assay. Thus, the study refers to a special HBV profile outside the classical pattern.
Characterization of Lactobacillus Isolates from Human Mouth and Feces as Probiotics
Authors: Ali Wala’a Sh. , Reza Aya T.
Published: May 2020

Probiotics are live microbes that give many health benefits to human beings and animals, the most studied and commonly used probiotics are Gram-positive bacteria; lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. At nowadays, Lactobacillus spp. constitute more than two-thirds of the total numbers of probiotic species. The present study aimed to characterize Lactobacillus that locally isolated from human mouth and feces as probiotics. A total of three Lactobacillus isolates; Lactobacillus fermentum Lb2, Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lb9, and Lactobacillus paracasei Lb10 were investigated in respect to acid and bile salts tolerance, antibiotics susceptibility, and cell surface hydrophobicity in vitro using bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons method. In comparison with the other two isolates, the isolate L. fermentum Lb2 was able to grow in all pH values and in the presence of different concentrations of bile salts. Antibiotics susceptibility profile showed that the tested Lactobacillus isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin, while they were resistant to the other antibiotics that used in this study. L. fermentum Lb2 exhibited high surface hydrophobicity (77.26%), while the other tested isolates; L. rhamnosus Lb9 and L. paracasei Lb10 revealed moderate adhesion abilities, 68.56% and 65%, respectively. L. fermentum Lb2 exhibited good probiotic behavior with respect to acid and bile salt tolerance as well as adhesion ability to hydrocarbons.
La polimetría en la representación de la conquista del Perú en «Las palabras a los reyes y gloria de los Pizarros» de Luis Vélez de Guevara
Authors: Gutiérrez Meza José Elías
Published: May 2020

Las palabras a los reyes y gloria de los Pizarros es una comedia de Luis Vélez de Guevara, en la que este dramaturgo del Siglo de Oro español representó la conquista del Perú por los hermanos Francisco y Hernando Pizarro. Este trabajo realiza una segmentación de esta comedia a partir de la propuesta de Marc Vitse. De este modo las tres jornadas que componen esta pieza teatral se dividen en macro y microsecuencias a partir del cambio métrico, y se examinan las relaciones entre los segmentos obtenidos.
VIOLATION OF PATIENT’S LEGAL RIGHTS IN AESTHETIC BEAUTY CLINIC
Authors: Sari Siska Diana
Published: May 2020

Beauty Clinic is an outpatient health care facility that provides medical services(consultation, examination, treatment, and medical action) to overcome variousconditions / diseases which relate to person's beauty (aesthetic appearance) that is performed by medical personnel (doctors, dentists, medical specialist, and dentalspecialist) based on their expertise and authority.  However, behind the rapid growth of beauty clinics, there are several negative sides and one of them is when the consumer has already paid costly for beauty products services and beauty services,  the consumer experiences complications in its use which actually worsens the condition of consumer's skin. Moreover, it needs efforts from authorized stakeholders in order to protect legal rights for aesthetic beauty clinic patients. Various methods and motives of violations which are committed lead to mere profit. Furthermore, the research method that was used in this research was legalsocial (non-doctrinal) research method by an interactional (micro) approach with qualitative analysis or qualitative methods.
Essential T- Weak Supplemented Modules
Authors: Fandi Firas sh. , Yaseen Sahira M.
Published: May 2020

An R-module M is called ET-H-supplemented module if for each submodule X of M, there exists a direct summand D of M, such that TâŠ†X+K if and only if TâŠ†D+K, for every essential submodule K of M and T M. Also, let T, X and Y be submodules of a module M , then we say that Y is ET-weak supplemented of X in M if TâŠ†X+Y and (Xâ‹‚Y M. Also, we say that M is ET-weak supplemented module if each submodule of M has an ET-weak supplement in M. We give many characterizations of the ET-H-supplemented module and the ET-weak supplement. Also, we give the relation between the ET-H-supplemented and ET-lifting modules, along with the relationship between the ET weak -supplemented and ET-lifting modules.
Solving Fuzzy Differential Equations by Using Power Series
Authors: Ibraheem Rasha H.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the series solution is applied to solve third order fuzzy differential equations with a fuzzy initial value. The proposed method applies Taylor expansion in solving the system and the approximate solution of the problem which is calculated in the form of a rapid convergent series; some definitions and theorems are reviewed as a basis in solving fuzzy differential equations. An example is applied to illustrate the proposed technical accuracy. Also, a comparison between the obtained results is made, in addition to the application of the crisp solution, when theï€ ï¡-level equals one.
Weak and Strong Forms of Ï‰-Perfect Mappings
Authors: Ashaea G. S. , Yousif Y. Y.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we introduce weak and strong forms of Ï‰-perfect mappings, namely the ï±-Ï‰-perfect, weakly ï±-Ï‰-perfect and stronglyï±-Ï‰-perfect mappings. Also, we investigate the fundamental properties of these mappings. Finally, we focused on studying the relationship between weakly ï±-Ï‰-perfect and stronglyï± -Ï‰-perfect mappings.
Effect of phosphorus and determination of optimum nitrogen for bread wheat in Kofele District, West Arsi Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Firomsa Tilahun , Husien Abdurahman , Assefa Kafyalew , Abera Tilahun , Lemma Amante , Hundessa Chali
Published: May 2020

Optimum nutrients are basic for proper and balanced fertilizer recommendations as paramount importance in order to confirm food security and increase crop productivity in a sustainable way for farmers and other stakeholders. Soil test based crop response phosphorus calibration study for bread wheat at kofole district in 2016 with objectives to determine the optimum nitrogen of bread wheat to nitrogen-fertilizer applications in soils and to give quantitative guidelines and recommendations of nitrogen-fertilizer for bread wheat on Eutric Vertisols. The study was conducted on farmers’ fields across the district. The treatments considered for optimum nitrogen determination were four levels of nitrogen (0, 46, 69 & 92) and phosphorus (0, 23, 46 & 92) fertilizer included in the treatments. The treatments were arranged in a factorial combination of complete block design with two replications. The plot size of 5mx4m with a seed rate of 150kg/ha a variety of Ogolcho which had been recommended for the area was used. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) among treatments application for all locations. The highest grain yield was obtained on the application 69N kg/ha with no application of phosphorus fertilizers on Eutric Vertisols. Minimum grain yield was obtained on the control plots at all sites. Optimum determination with the partial budget analysis made using the annual average bread wheat grains prices showed that 69 kg N ha-1 gave a marginal rate of return of 122.41%, which is above the acceptable minimum rate of return. Therefore, future research should focus on soil test crop response based phosphorus calibration study of on the result optimum nitrogen of the farmland could be a pre request of the technology before to the end user.
HÉLICES HOLÍSTICAS DE INOVAÇÃO E ECOINOVAÇÃO: DRIVERS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Severo Eliana Andréa , Dorion Eric Charles Henri , Guimarães Julio Cesar Ferro de
Published: May 2020

As múltiplas hélices da inovação podem se relacionar com a ecoinovação, constituindo-se como drivers para as práticas ambientais e ações sociais que impactam as pessoas, organizações e o meio ambiente. Neste contexto, o estudo pretende avançar a compreensão sobre a relação entre as múltiplas hélices de inovação e a ecoinovação, propondo um Framework na perspectiva do desenvolvimento sustentável. A metodologia utilizada tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, por meio de uma revisão teórica. Como resultados, destaca-se um Framework elencando-se a Proposição 1: As Hélices holísticas de inovação estão positivamente relacionadas à ecoinovação, assim como a Proposição 2: As práticas ambientais e ações sociais estão positivamente relacionadas à ecoinovação. Neste contexto, apresentam-se as informações de diferentes hélices de inovação que podem ser utilizadas para fomentar uma inovação que contribua para o desenvolvimento sustentável, bem como as práticas ambientais e ações socias que visam à preservação do meio ambiente e a uma melhor qualidade de vida.Palavras-chave: Tríplice hélice. Ecoinovação. Práticas ambientais. Responsabilidade social. Framework.ABSTRACTThe multiple helix of innovation can relate to eco-innovation, constituting themselves as drivers for environmental practices and social actions that impact people, organizations, and the environment. In this context, the study intends to advance the understanding of the relationship between multiple innovation helix and eco-innovation, proposing a Framework for sustainable development. The methodology used was a qualitative and exploratory research, through a theoretical revision. As results, a Framework highlighting Proposition 1 stands out: The holistic helix of innovation are positively related to eco-innovation, as is Proposition 2: Environmental practices and social actions are positively related to eco-innovation. In this context, we present the information of different innovation helix that can be used to foster an innovation that contributes to sustainable development, as well as environmental practices and social actions that aim at the preservation of the environment and a better quality of life.Keywords: Triple helix. Eco-innovation. Environmental practices. Social responsability. Framework..
Legal framework for functioning of collaborations
Authors: Aisner Larisa Yur'evna , Sochneva Elena Nikolaevna , Chervyakov Mikhail Eduardovich
Published: May 2020

The subject of this research is the legal framework for functioning of collaborations. The object of this research is collaboration as the integration of economic actors for the purpose of achieving peak efficiency.  The authors examine the distinctive characteristics of collaboration and standard organization, since collaborations are the representative of highly intelligent capital, which is efficient if managed properly, or may lead to destructive consequences otherwise. Special attention is given to such question as the impact of legal factors and their role in activity of collaborations. In the course of this research, the authors applied the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparative analogy, logical research, and institutional analysis. The following conclusions were made: - there are fundamental differences between a collaboration and a classical organization, which makes collaboration more flexible and efficient under the current circumstances; - from the legal perspective, collaborations can function in form of unincorporated joint venture. The novelty consists in the original approach towards determination of distinctive characteristics of a collaboration and a standard organization.
Strict civil legal liability in civil law of the Russian Federation on the example of responsibility for inflicted moral distress
Authors: Shleinov Artemii
Published: May 2020

The subject of this research is the examination of such civil law institution of the Russian Federation as the “no-fault liability”. Since the question of strict liability in the current doctrine of civil law is quite critical, the author views this problem through the prism of one of the paramount means of protection of the subjective civil law, namely through the prism of responsibility for inflicted moral distress, tracing its evolution throughout the entire history and considering the legislation and case law. The novelty consists in indicating the possibility of bringing to strict civil legal liability for inflicting moral distress. The author demonstrates the presence of strict legal liability within the civil law of the Russian Federation on the example of current Russian legislation. The article provides the doctrinal and legislative examples that prove this point of view. The novelty also consists in determination of presence of the principle of “strict liability: in the Russian civil law, as well as modeling of situations that this principle could be implemented in. The research results are valuable for future development of the Russian legal doctrine and case law.
Development and increase of attractiveness of the regions of Far Eastern Federal District in implementation of government program on assistance to voluntary relocation of compatriots into the Russian Federation
Authors: Ledeneva Viktoriia , Dekhanova Natalia
Published: May 2020

The subject of this research is the current government policy on the federal and regional levels pertaining to attraction of compatriots into the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD). As it is well known, the constituent entities of FEFD are part of the territories for prioritized resettlement of compatriots. The authors analyze the dynamics of relocation through stimulating factors, localization of the arriving population, spheres of their employment, and insurance with social infrastructure. The article explores the basic principles and approaches towards rendering assistance with voluntary relocation of compatriots. The novelty of this research consists in formulation of recommendations on improving the legal and organizational framework for managing the relocation program and control of the process of its implementation in the FEFD. The authors’ contribution lies in the analysis of regional indicators and specificity of realization of the program in the Far Eastern Federal District, as well as original proposals for improving the mechanism of implementation of the program. The main conclusion consists in substantiation of the thesis on special importance of the government program of relocation as a mechanism for solution of socioeconomic and demographic problems. The FEFD territory needs comprehensive development, including consideration of domestic migration and outflow of population from the region. The system of regulation of migration flows in the Far East must ensure clear interconnection between the goals and vectors of measures of the legal, organizational, economic, and social nature.
Works of the artist Zhang Xiaogang in the dialogue of traditions of Western European and Chinese painting
Authors: Wang Jitai
Published: May 2020

This article examines the artworks of Zhang Xiaogang as a prominent representative of the modern Chinese painting, peculiarities of his mastery formed in different periods of his creative path under the dual influence of Chinese and Western painting. Transformation and evolution of painting concepts and formal artistic means, claimed in the painter’s “Bloodline-Big Family” series, demonstrate how the “own historical memory” forms new expressive forms of painting. The author compares the interaction of forms and languages in the Western and Chinese painting, as well as analyzes characteristics of the structure of brush strokes of the painter in different periods for showing the formation of the inner spiritual essence. It proves that the clash of concepts of the Western and Chinese painting generated new artistic phenomena, which represent a result of assimilation of painting concepts and “localization” of formal language. The mutual influence of two cultures lead to origination of multiple ideas of plasticity and artistic forms. China has entered the period of “non-modernism”.
Potential Non-Covalent SARS-CoV-2 3C-like Protease Inhibitors Designed Using Generative Deep Learning Approaches and Reviewed by Human Medicinal Chemist in Virtual Reality
Authors: Zhavoronkov Alex , Zagribelnyy Bogdan , Zhebrak Alexander , Aladinskiy Vladimir , Terentiev Victor , Vanhaelen Quentin , Bezrukov Dmitry S. , Polykovskiy Daniil , Shayakhmetov Rim , Filimonov Andrey , Bishop Michael , McCloskey Steve , Leija Edgardo , Bright Deborah , Funakawa Keita , Lin Yen-Chu , Huang Shih-Hsien , Liao Hsuan-Jen , Aliper Alex , Ivanenkov Yan
Published: May 2020

One of the most important SARS-CoV-2 protein targets for therapeutics is the 3C-like protease (main protease, Mpro). In our previous work1​we used the first Mpro crystal structure to become available, 6LU7. On February 4, 2020 Insilico Medicine released the first potential novel protease inhibitors designed using a ​de novo,​AI-driven generative chemistry approach. Nearly 100 X-ray structures of Mpro co-crystallized both with covalent and non-covalent ligands have been published since then. Here we utilize the recently published 6W63 crystal structure of Mpro complexed with a non-covalent inhibitor and combined two approaches used in our previous study: ligand-based and crystal structure-based. We published 10 representative structures for potential development with 3D representation in PDB format and welcome medicinal chemists for broad discussion and generated output analysis. The molecules in SDF format and PDB-models for generated protein-ligand complexes are available here and at https://insilico.com/ncov-sprint/.​Medicinal chemistry VR analysis was provided by ​Nanome team and the video of VR session is available at ​https://bit.ly/ncov-vr.​
Migratory Reductive Cross-Coupling via Dual Nickel Metathesis
Authors: Li Yuqiang , Zhao Binzhi , Peng Long , Yin Guoyin
Published: May 2020

Cross-electrophile coupling has been developed into a practical approach for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds, wherein nickel catalysis has been widely employed. Mechanistically, a catalytic cycle involvingsequentially selective oxidative addition or radical chain process is proposed. Although the catalytic cycle of dual nickel metathesis has been discussed in several important works, none thinks this pathway is possible. In this manuscript, we present a thorough mechanistic study by a series of designed experiments toward the nickel-catalyzed migratory reductive cross-coupling. The results suggest that a catalytic cycle involving two organonickel(II) species metathesis as a key step, operates in this reaction. Moreover, we provide a discussion on the difference between the nickel-catalyzed migratory reductive cross-couplings and the classical ones. Additionally, based on the mechanistic finding, a new catalytic system has also been developed, which allows the use of electron-deficient aryl halides as starting materials, affording the migratory cross-coupling products efficiently.
Dynamic Range Expansion by Gas-Phase Ion Fractionation and Enrichment for Imaging Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Prentice Boone , Ryan Daniel , Grove Kerri , Cornett D. Shannon , Caprioli Richard , Spraggins Jeffrey
Published: May 2020

In the analysis of biological tissue by imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), the limit of detection and dynamic range are of paramount importance in obtaining experimental results that provide insight into underlying biological processes. Many important biomolecules are present in the tissue milieu in low concentrations and in complex mixtures with other compounds of widely ranging abundances, challenging the limits of analytical technologies. In many IMS experiments, the ion signal can be dominated by a few highly abundant ion species. On trap-based instrument platforms that accumulate ions prior to mass analysis, these high abundance ions can diminish the detection and dynamic range of lower abundance ions. Herein, we characterize two strategies for combating these challenges during IMS experiments on a hybrid QqFT-ICR MS. In one iteration, the mass resolving capabilities of a quadrupole mass filter are used to selectively enrich for ions of interest via a technique previously termed continuous accumulation of selected ions (CASI). Secondly, we have introduced a supplemental dipolar AC waveform to the quadrupole mass filter of a commercial QqFT-ICR mass spectrometer to perform selected ion ejection prior to the ion accumulation region. This setup allows the selective ejection of the most abundant ion species prior to ion accumulation, thereby greatly improving the molecular depth with which IMS can probe tissue samples.
Designing New Metal Chalcogenide Nanoclusters Through Atom-by-Atom Substitution
Authors: Gholipour-Ranjbar Habib , Fang Hong , Guan Jintong , Peters D`Angelo , Seifert Audra , Jena Puru , Laskin Julia
Published: May 2020

Here, we report the first study focused on atom-by-atom substitution of Fe and Ni to the core of a well-defined cobalt sulfide superatom ligated with triethylphosphine,[Co5MS8(PEt3)6]+ (M=Fe, Ni). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry confirms the substitution of 1-6 Fe atoms with the single Fe-substituted cluster being the dominant species. The Fe-substituted clusters oxidize in solution to generate dicationic species. In contrast, only a single Ni-substituted cluster is observed, which remains stable as a singly charged species. Collision-induced dissociation experiments indicate the reduced stability of the [Co5FeS8(PEt3)]+ towards ligand loss in comparison with the unsubstituted and Ni-substituted counterparts. Density functional theory calculations provide insights into the effect of metal atom substitution on the electronic structures of the clusters. Our results indicate that Fe and Ni have a different impact on the electronic structure, optical and magnetic properties, as well as ligand-core interaction of [Co6S8(PEt3)6]. This study extends the atom-by-atom substitution strategy to the metal chalcogenide superatoms providing a direct path toward designing novel atomically precise core-tailored superatoms.
Atomic Layer Deposition of CeOx Nanoclusters on TiO2
Authors: Liu Ji , Saedy Saeed , Verma Rakshita , Ommen J. Ruud van , Nolan Michael
Published: May 2020

Titanium dioxide has a band-gap in the ultra violet region and there have been many efforts to shift light absorption to the visible region. In this regard, surface modification with metal oxide clusters has been used to promote band-gap reduction. CeOx-modified TiO2 materials have exhibited enhanced catalytic activity in water gas shift, but the deposition process used is not well-understood or suitable for powder materials. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been used for deposition of cerium oxide on TiO2. The experimentally reported growth rates using typical Ce metal precursors such as β-diketonates and cyclopentadienyls are low, with reported growth rates of ca. 0.2-0.4 Å/cycle. In this paper, we have performed density functional theory calculations to reveal the reaction mechanism of the metal precursor pulse together with experimental studies of ALD of CeOx using two Ce precursors, Ce(TMHD)4 and Ce(MeCp)3. The nature and stability of hydroxyl groups on anatase and rutile TiO2 surfaces are determined and used as starting substrates. Adsorption of the cerium precursors on the hydroxylated TiO2 surfaces reduces the coverage of surface hydroxyls. Computed activation barriers for ligand elimination in Ce(MeCp)3 indicate that ligand elimination is not possible on anatase (101) and rutile (100) surface, but it is possible on anatase (001) and rutile (110). The ligand elimination in Ce(TMHD)4 is via breaking the Ce-O bond and hydrogen transfer from hydroxyl groups. For this precursor, the ligand elimination on the majority surface facets of anatase and rutile TiO2 are endothermic and not favourable. It is difficult to deposit Ce atom onto hydroxylated TiO2 surface using Ce(TMHD)4 as precursor. Attempts for deposit cerium oxide on TiO2 nanoparticles that expose the anatase (101) surface show at best a low deposition rate and this can be explained by the non-favorable ligand elimination reactions at this surface.
Synthesis and Photochemical Properties of Re(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes Bound to Thione and Thiazole-2-ylidene Ligands
Authors: Stout Matthew , Skelton Brian , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Raiteri Paolo , Massi Massimiliano , Simpson Peter
Published: May 2020

Three Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes, with general formulation Re(N^L)(CO)3X (where N^L is a bidentate ligand containing a pyridine functionalized in the position 2 with a thione or a thiazol-2-ylidene group and X is either chloro or bromo) were synthesized and their reactivity explored in terms of solvent-dependent ligand substitution, both in the ground and excited states. When dissolved in acetonitrile, the complexes bound to the thione ligand underwent ligand exchange with the solvent resulting in the formation of Re(NCMe)2(CO)3X. The exchange was found to be reversible, and the starting complex was reformed upon removal of the solvent. On the other hand, the complexes appeared inert in dichloromethane or acetone. Conversely, the complex bound to the thiazole-2-ylidene ligand did not display any ligand exchange reaction in the dark, but underwent photoactivated ligand substitution when excited to its lowest metal-to-ligand charge transfer manifold. Photolysis of this complex in acetonitrile generated multiple products, including Re(I) tricarbonyl and dicarbonyl solvato-complexes as well as free thiazole-2-ylidene ligand.