bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los primeros 1000 días de vida, una ventana de oportunidad en la prevención del retardo de crecimiento
Authors: Landaeta-Jiménez Maritza
Published: June 2024

El crecimiento de los niños es motivo de gran preocupación, por las altas cifras de retardo de crecimiento en los niños menores de cinco años, que es motivo de discusión en el ámbito internacional y nacional, debido a las implicaciones en el futuro biológico y psicológico del niño que lo padece desde temprana edad. El retardo del crecimiento y otras formas de desnutrición en las primeras etapas de la vida también pueden predisponer a tener sobrepeso y a desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles más adelante. Se estima que en el mundo existe 120.000.000 de niños con retardo de crecimiento. Sin embargo, se han emprendido muchas acciones para tratar de reducir lo que algunos no han dudado en llamar la epidemia de este siglo, pero sus resultados no han sido exitosos, debido a sus complejidades. No se trata solamente de la falta de alimentos, sino que en su génesis concurren una serie de factores nutricionales y no nutricionales que dificultan su abordaje. Insistir en su solución, es cada vez más perentorio, porque se ha determinado que también afecta el desarrollo funcional y cognitivo del niño, por lo tanto, un porcentaje de estos, van a tener déficits en su desarrollo cogniti- vo, retardo en su desarrollo escolar y por supuesto, no llegan a ser hombres con un desarrollo humano integral. Además, del impacto que tiene en la sociedad, pues se considera que el retardo en el crecimiento puede causar una pérdida en el PIB de aproximadamente un 10%. Entre los factores que contribuyen con la alta incidencia del retardo de crecimiento, destacan la nutrición de la madre, antes, durante y post embarazo, la talla materna, la edad de la madre, las patologías asociadas al em- barazo y las deficiencias nutricionales de la madre durante la gestación, fallas en la lactancia materna durante los primeros seis meses, así como, en la alimentación complementaria.
Embarazo en adolescentes en Venezuela. Reconsideración del problema
Authors: Francisco José M.
Published: June 2024

En Venezuela, el embarazo en adolescentes es un problema de salud pública, por su frecuencia, la repercusión sobre la calidad de vida de las madres, de sus hijos y de la sociedad en general; además, aun así, puede ser atendido y es factible su disminución. En 2014, Venezuela presentaba la Tasa Específica de Fecundidad más alta de Suramérica; y ocupaba el cuarto lugar, entre los países de Latinoamérica. Para estudiar el embarazo de adolescentes en el país se analizan los datos oficiales disponibles de la última década (2003-2012), en números, porcentajes y tasas. Asimismo, se analizan los nacimientos de madres adolescentes (2014/2015), recabados en dos hospitales públicos y dos privados: (11596 nacimientos: 2438 de madres adolescentes). De éstos: 2.403 (25,8%), en hospitales públicos y 35 (1,5%), en los privados. Del sector público, 95% de los hijos de adolescentes, son hijos de madres de 15 a 19 años y 5% de 10 a 14 años. Las tasas del grupo de 15 a 19 años (indicador oficial internacional), aumentaron en 2011 y 2012. Se analizan otras cifras y características: edad de las madres, frecuencia de legrado. En 2012, último año de información nacional disponible, se registraron (Instituto Nacional de Estadística-INE): 143 491 nacidos vivos, hijos de adolescentes, (10 a 19 años, según la OMS), que representan 23,4% del total anual de nacimientos. El embarazo en adolescentes constituye un fracaso social multisectorial, que recicla la pobreza y aumenta el subdesarrollo. Su importancia amerita la creación y aplicación de políticas públicas, así como estrategias específicas y permanentes para disminuir su incidencia.
Federación Latino Americana de Terapia Nutricional, Nutrición Clínica y Metabolismo (FELANPE). Dr. Eduardo Souchon (Primer presidente), palabras sobre su creación
Authors: Souchon Eduardo
Published: June 2024

Entrevista de Gertrudis Adrianza de Baptista al Dr. Eduardo Souchon, Houston, Texas, USA. 10 de agosto, 2023. Cuando estuve de visita en Venezuela, desde USA, el Dr. Rivero, quien dirigía la unidad de Terapia Intensiva del Centro Médico de Caracas, me llamó para que diera unas conferencias sobre nutrición parenteral y enteral, las cuales realizamos en el salón de conferencias del Centro Médico de Caracas. Eso fue en el año 1974- 1975. Posteriormente, en el año 1976, cuando regresé definitivamente a Venezuela, me puse a trabajar para fundar la Sociedad Venezolana de Nutrición Parenteral, siguiendo el ejemplo de ASPEN que se acababa de fundar por Stanley Dudrick, Blackburn, Ted Copland, etc., y se hizo la primera reunión en ASPEN, de la American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Inmediatamente me puse a trabajar para fundar la Venezuelan Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Me ayudó a hacer los estatutos el Dr. Alfredo Travieso, del escritorio Tinoco, Travieso y asociados.
Gelijke kansen en aandacht voor begaafdheid: een (on)verenigbaar ideaal?
Authors: Van Vijfeijken Marijke , Van den Bergh Linda , Bakx Anouke
Published: June 2024

Leraren willen alle leerlingen optimale ontwikkelingsmogelijkheden bieden. Dit is een complexe taak, gezien de grote diversiteit aan leerlingen. Zo kan het bieden van gelijke kansen aan alle leerlingen en voldoende aandacht voor begaafde leerlingen op gespannen voet met elkaar staan. Differentiatie kan hierin een uitkomst zijn, al leidt dit voor leraren regelmatig tot ethische differentiatiedilemma’s. Doel van dit onderzoek was meer inzicht krijgen in de mate waarin leraren, op scholen met verschillende visies op differentiatie, verschillen in hun opvattingen over differentiatiedilemma’s en hoe zij met deze dilemma’s omgaan. Hiertoe is een vergelijkende casestudie van twee scholen uitgevoerd. Beide scholen hadden een expliciete visie op differentiatie; school 1 (16 leraren) ging uit van divergente differentiatie, terwijl school 2 (25 leraren) uitging van convergente differentiatie. Met een vragenlijst zijn vier differentiatiedilemma’s bevraagd (het leeruitkomstendilemma, het ondersteuningsdilemma, het groeperingsdilemma en het begaafdheidsdilemma). De resultaten en de aansluiting hiervan bij de schoolvisie zijn verdiepend besproken met vier leraren per school. Op beide scholen werden de differentiatiedilemma’s herkend. Op school 2, met een meer heterogene leerlingpopulatie, ervaarden leraren de differentiatiedilemma’s in hogere mate dan op school 1. Het artikel besluit met adviezen voor de praktijk.
Application of Blockchain Technology in Coal Mine Waste Treatment
Authors: Ren Lei
Published: June 2024

With the sustainable development of coal mine industry, coal mine garbage disposal has become a key factor restricting the sustainable development of the industry. In order to meet this challenge, this paper analyzes how blockchain technology provides a new solution for coal mine garbage disposal. Through the introduction of blockchain technology, the comprehensive monitoring and transparent management of coal mine garbage disposal process are realized, and the treatment efficiency and credibility are significantly improved. Specifically, blockchain technology is used for data recording and traceability, ensuring the authenticity and traceability of garbage disposal information; The application of intelligent contract realizes the automation and intelligence of processing flow, reduces human intervention and improves processing efficiency; At the same time, combined with the incentive mechanism, the enthusiasm of all parties to participate in garbage disposal has been stimulated. In the future, blockchain technology will be integrated with other advanced technologies to promote the intelligence and efficiency of coal mine garbage disposal and contribute to environmental protection and sustainable development.
Research on Fault Attacks of Lightweight Cryptographic Algorithms
Authors: Niu Shukai , Huang Shuaiyu , Zhang Shitong
Published: June 2024

Fault attacks exploit fault injection techniques to compromise cryptographic systems, compromising device operations and leaking secret keys. Lightweight block cipher algorithms are suitable for resource-constrained environments, ensuring security while reducing hardware and software overhead. This paper summarizes the current research status of fault attacks on some lightweight cryptographic algorithms, including block ciphers, stream ciphers, etc. These studies are crucial for addressing system vulnerabilities, protecting personal privacy, and enhancing the stability of embedded systems. The aim of this paper is to provide comprehensive references for cryptographers, assisting in selecting suitable algorithms and defense strategies.
Exploring the Sustainability of Integrated Elderly Care and Medical Services Policies in China from the Perspective of Policy Tools
Authors: Chen Jiaqi
Published: June 2024

The trend of increasing population aging has led to an international and Chinese domestic consensus on the need to integrate elderly care and medical services. Against this background, China's existing policies address the integration of elderly care and medical services (IECMS) successively. However, it is worth pondering whether China's policies on the IECMS have been effectively developed. Previous studies on the IECMS policies in China have mostly focused on the national level, and the evaluation dimensions of these studies are not comprehensive enough. Based on this, this study took the policy tools as primary perspective, constructed a three-dimensional analysis framework that included time and specific models of IECMS, and used content analysis to analyze and evaluate the policy texts related to the IECMS in Jinan City. The aim is to explore policy tools to improve integrated elderly care and medical services, promote the sustainable development of integrated elderly care and medical services in China, and provide Chinese experience for other countries. This study found that the use of policy tools in Jinan City had a trend toward comprehensiveness and diversification, but there is still room for further comprehensiveness and diversification. Moreover, there is an apparent preference in the use of policy tools, as evidenced by the most frequent use of environmental policy tools, and at the same time an imbalance in the internal structure of the three types of policy tools. Furthermore, the policies of Jinan City were not sufficiently targeted to operationalize policy tools into specific models of IECMS. Accordingly, we provide corresponding recommendations, including stating that the IECMS policies should be multifaceted and innovative, even-handed, precise, and timely to restore policy order in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research Progress on Toxicity Assessment Methods of Mixed Pollutants
Authors: Dai Yilun
Published: June 2024

Since the 1930s, the field has used the following three models to evaluate the toxic effects of mixed pollutants: concentration addition model, independent action model and interaction model. The first two are applicable to the case that there is no interaction between the mixed components and do not affect each other, and the third is mainly applied to the case that there is an interaction between the components, which may lead to the enhancement or reduction of toxicity. In the environment, mixtures are not always simply composed of chemicals with similar or different effects, and it may be necessary to consider multiple models applied together during the toxicity assessment process, especially for mixture contamination in complex environments.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS DA ERA DIGITAL NA TRANSIÇÃO DO PROFISSIONAL CONTÁBIL PARA INDÚSTRIA 4.0 NA CIDADE DE MARICÁ-RJ
Authors: Souza Carolina Marcelino de , Silva Julia Pereira da , Ávila Wellington , Azevedo Magno Santana
Published: June 2024

O termo Contabilidade 4.0 refere-se a aplicação de tecnologias avançadas às práticas contábeis para atingir a máxima eficiência na realização destes processos dentro das organizações. Essa abordagem busca, além da otimização no âmbito profissional, promover agilidade nas tarefas rotineiras e melhorar a tomada de decisões estratégicas para assim contribuir com o desenvolvimento e crescimento empresarial. O presente artigo tem como finalidade apresentar os impactos causados na atuação do setor contábil em razão da evolução e aplicação da Contabilidade 4.0, bem como demonstrar os principais desafios enfrentados pelos profissionais contábeis do município de Maricá do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Com a finalidade de entender um pouco mais sobre a contabilidade 4.0 e as transformações que impactaram a rotina dos escritórios de contabilidade, o estudo em questão utilizou-se da metodologia descritiva, bibliográfica, quali-quantitativa e coleta de dados por intermédio de questionário desempenhado pela plataforma do Google Forms para coleta de informações e elaboração dos resultados obtidos.
DESEMPENHO DO PROFESSOR DE CONTABILIDADE: PERFIL DO PROFESSOR OU QUALIDADE DA DISCIPLINA?
Authors: Kos Sonia Raifur , Vesco Delci Grape Dal , Rosa Filho Celso da
Published: June 2024

O ensino da Contabilidade no Brasil, em especial as disciplinas centradas nas normativas contábeis, vem passando por uma série de mudança em função da padronização às normas internacionais, exigindo que os docentes busquem atualização constante. O reflexo na aprendizagem do aluno pode estar relacionado com características do professor (animado e confiável e didático) e/ou com o conteúdo da disciplina, ou com o conjunto dessas variáveis. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar a influência do perfil do professor, da qualidade da disciplina de contabilidade no desempenho do professor. O estudo foi inspirado na pesquisa original de Seiler, Seiler e Chiang (1999) e Mendes-da-Silva et al. (2011) que tem como objetivo investigar a opinião de alunos sobre o desempenho docente. Por fim, os resultados destes estudos foram comparados visando detectar semelhanças e diferenças nos grupos investigados. Para tanto foi elaborada uma pesquisa survey com 139 alunos, matriculados em disciplinas específicas de contabilidade em uma IES pública. Por meio da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais, os resultados encontrados permitem concluir que os alunos consideram que o Desempenho do professor depende das características deste profissional e da qualidade da disciplina, pois foi detectada relação positiva entre os constructos “professor animado e confiável”, “professor didático”, “qualidade da disciplina” e “desempenho”. Outro resultado identificado é que o modelo proposto por Mendes-da-Silva et al., (2011) demonstrou estar mais ajustado quando aplicado em uma universidade pública e com disciplinas de contabilidade.
ELABORAÇÃO DE IOGURTE DE LEITE DE BÚFALA COM GELEIA DE BIRIBÁ (ROLLINIA MUCOSA) E CHIA PARA ALIMENTAÇÃO DE IDOSOS
Authors: Branco Edilane Teixeira Castelo , França Débora Marla Marques , Lima Vanqueline Nogueira de , Machado Ana Rita Gaia
Published: June 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a viabilidade da produção de um novo produto lácteo, o iogurte de leite de búfala com geleia de biribá e chia, e seus benefícios para saúde do público idoso, bem como as características físico-químicas. Foram realizadas análises de composição centesimal, onde o iogurte foi submetido à determinação de umidade, lipídeos, proteína, cinzas e carboidratos. O produto lácteo desenvolvido e analisado apresentou baixa umidade (64,7 %). Para o teor de cinzas, foi obtido o valor de 0,9. Apresentou alto teor de lipídios (9,3 g). Mostrou-se um produto com excelente quantidade de proteínas, com 12,4 g. Quanto ao teor de carboidratos e ao teor de fibras, foram obtidos os valores de 11,5 g e 1,2g, respectivamente. O processo de desenvolvimento do iogurte de leite de búfala com geleia de biribá e chia, foi de forma satisfatória. Permitindo a obtenção de um produto viável, de características aceitáveis e de excelente qualidade nutricional, que pode ser inserido na dieta do público idoso.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO CONTADOR PARA A DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE LUCROS DO MEI
Authors: Revelles Lívia Heloina da Silva Alvarenga , Andrade Adriano Mello de , Azevedo Magno Santana
Published: June 2024

No cenário contemporâneo, marcado pela crescente busca pela autonomia profissional e pela concretização de empreendimentos individuais, o Microempreendedor Individual (MEI) figura como uma das formas mais acessíveis e populares de ingresso no mundo dos negócios. Diante desse contexto, torna-se imperativo investigar e compreender a relevância do contador para a distribuição de lucros do MEI. Esta pesquisa busca explorar em profundidade o papel desempenhado pelo contador na orientação e na tomada de decisões relacionadas à distribuição de lucros, bem como identificar os principais desafios enfrentados pelos MEIs nesse processo e as estratégias adotadas para superá-los. Sendo assim, a pesquisa tem como objetivo geral discorrer da importância do contador no contexto da distribuição dos lucros do MEI. Os objetivos específicos são tratar da classificação das empresas; discorrer sobre o MEI; tratar dos lucros dele e; por fim, aprofundar na importância do profissional da contabilidade nesse contexto. A metodologia aplicada está ancorada na pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo exploratória, estabelecendo uma análise qualitativa embasada em estudos que tratam da relação entre o E-social e o contador. Em conclusão, destaca-se a importância vital do contador na distribuição de lucros do Microempreendedor Individual (MEI). Ao longo da pesquisa, foi evidente que o papel do contador vai além da simples elaboração de demonstrativos contábeis e cumprimento de obrigações fiscais. O contador desempenha um papel estratégico na orientação e na tomada de decisões relacionadas à distribuição de lucros, oferecendo vasta contribuição e garantindo conformidade com a legislação vigente.
ChatGPT in Language Learning: Perspectives from Vietnamese Students in Vietnam and the USA
Authors: Pham Vu Phi Ho , Le Anh Quoc
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore the students' perspectives on the use of ChatGPT to support their language learning. The current study collects data from 77 Vietnamese students who pursued their studies at some universities in Vietnam and the United States. The questionnaire was designed with Microsoft Forms and sent to the students via personal connections in both countries. The study found that ChatGPT or A.I. Chatbot was positively viewed as a useful tool for facilitating language learning. Moreover, ChatGPT was found to help engage the students in the learning process and was seen as an effective tool to support their learning and enhance their knowledge. However, over-alliance with ChatGPT might limit the students' critical thinking and creativity. To minimize these drawbacks, a compromise between ChatGPT and conventional teaching methods should be used. The current study suggests educators employ ChatGPT or AI tools to innovate language teaching and research.
Особливості забезпечення фінансової спроможності територіальних громад України у воєнний час
Authors: Коляда Т. А. , Альохіна О. С.
Published: June 2024

У статті досліджено особливості забезпечення фінансової спроможності територіальних громад у період воєнного стану, так як тема є критично важливою для розробки стратегій та механізмів фінансового планування та управління у кризових умовах. Розуміння факторів, що впливають на фінансову стійкість громад, дозволить вдосконалити політику та інструменти державного управління та підтримки громад в умовах воєнного конфлікту. Мета дослідження полягає у вивченні особливостей забезпечення фінансової спроможності територіальних громад України в умовах воєнного стану. На засадах вивчення літературних джерел теоретично обґрунтовано сутність і фактори фінансової спроможності територіальних громад, визначено стратегії фінансового управління, які можуть допомогти територіальним громадам зберегти фінансову стабільність під час війни та знайдено можливості і виклики, які виникають у громадському фінансуванні проектів територіальними громадами у воєнний час. Теоретичне значення дослідження фінансової спроможності територіальних громад України у воєнний час полягає в розумінні того, як громади можуть ефективно управляти своїми фінансовими ресурсами, забезпечуючи необхідні витрати на утримання і оборону свого територіального простору під час конфліктів або воєнних загроз. Дослідження в цій області дозволяє виявити недоліки, встановити стратегії управління фінансами та ресурсами для забезпечення стійкості громад у складних умовах воєнного часу. Практичне значення дослідження фінансової спроможності територіальних громад України у воєнний час полягає в можливості оцінити їх здатність протистояти економічним викликам і продовжувати надавати жителям необхідні послуги. Розуміючи фінансові ресурси, доступні цим громадам, політики можуть приймати обґрунтовані рішення щодо розподілу ресурсів, визначати пріоритети підтримки там, де вона найбільше потрібна, і розробляти стратегії для забезпечення стабільності місцевого управління та послуг під час конфлікту.
Potensi Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) Sebagai Katalisator Pemerataan Ekonomi Di Indonesia
Authors: Simanjuntak Johana , Muhammad Fadhal , Al Aqilah Muhamad Refkhi , Raihannah Nur Ashilah , Bakti Herman Seato Graha Putra
Published: June 2024

Pemindahan ibukota negara menjadi fokus global untuk meningkatkan keberlanjutan pembangunan dan pemerataan ekonomi. Indonesia, sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar, menghadapi ketimpangan antarwilayah yang signifikan. Sebagian besar penduduk dan kegiatan ekonomi terpusat di Pulau Jawa, menyebabkan ketimpangan regional yang signifikan. Jakarta, sebagai pusat pemerintahan, mengalami masalah kepadatan penduduk, polusi, dan kemacetan, yang merugikan secara ekonomi. Pemindahan ibukota ke Kalimantan Timur diharapkan merangsang pertumbuhan ekonomi di luar Jawa dan meratakan pendapatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur review untuk menganalisis dinamika pemindahan ibukota Indonesia dalam konteks pemerataan pendapatan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan Ibukota Negara (IKN) memiliki peluang dan tantangan, termasuk meningkatkan konektivitas wilayah, menjaga iklim investasi, dan mengantisipasi dampak sosial negatif. Dengan mengoptimalkan peluang dan mengelola tantangan dengan baik, pemindahan ibukota berpotensi menjadi katalisator pemerataan ekonomi di Indonesia.
Optimum Weight Parameter of Weight Centroid Method for Indoor Positioning in Environment with Different Path Loss Exponent and Multipath Fading Effect
Authors:   School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Lat Krabang, Lat Krabang, Supanakoon Pichaya , Chamchoy Monchai ,   School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Lat Krabang, Lat Krabang
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes optimum weight parameter of weight centroid method for indoor positioning in environment with different path loss exponent and multipath fading effect. The indoor environment is defined as square with each side 10 m long. There is a transmitter installed in the center of each side. The distance error model is applied to calculate the distances between the location coordinates of user and the location coordinates of transmitters in environment with different path loss exponent and multipath fading. The total 100 location coordinates of user are estimated by using weight centroid method, varying weight parameter in the range of 1 to 10. The optimum weight parameter is defined as the case where mean of distance error of all positions is the least. The optimum weight parameter for environment with different path loss exponent and multipath fading effect is illustrated. The results show that the optimum weight parameter changes slightly with the path loss exponent and tends to change with the standard deviation of the multipath fading effect divided into 3 periods. The first period tends to increase slowly, the second period tends to increase rapidly, and the third period tends to fluctuate up and down. Moreover, the size of the indoor environment has very little impact on the optimum weight parameter. These results make it possible to select optimum weight parameter for case with path loss exponent and standard deviation of multipath fading effect that match or are close to the channel of indoor environment.
Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Affecting Robot Arm Movement Testing
Authors:   Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Katemukda Nichanach
Published: June 2024

Currently, with the rapid growth of robots in the industrial and service sectors, the robotic arm product is in high demand, and manufacturers need to deliver it on time. The manufacturer has a new product called “robot arm”. The issue is a high failure rate at the test station called the robot arm movement test. The manufacturer focused on the test process in order to reduce any variance that may result in a failure rate, with the operator's performance being their primary interest. Since the first group was built and tested, totaling 233 units of the robot arm, the logistic regression was applied with three independent variables. There are operators, working shifts, and product models. The results indicate day or night shifts are not related to the test failing. The operator and product model are important factors in the test failing. The 1.5–meter–long model has a higher chance of passing the test than the 1–meter–long model by about 13.66 times and the 2–meter–long model by 25.25 times. Operator D is the best at performing the robotic arm test and has a better chance of passing than the other operators (2.07 times for Operator A, 6.53 times for Operator B, and 7.01 times for Operator C). The action is that the software test needs to be updated for the 1– and 2–meter–long models. Moreover, Operators B and C need to be retrained as a priority. Then the manufacturer needs to focus more on the assembly process for yield improvement.
Driving forces of continuing evolution of rotaviruses
Authors: Hakim Mohamad Saifudin , Gazali Faris Muhammad , Widyaningsih Suci Ardini , Parvez Mohammad Khalid
Published: June 2024

Rotaviruses are non-enveloped double-stranded RNA virus that causes acute diarrheal diseases in children (< 5 years). More than 90% of the global rotavirus infection in humans was caused by Rotavirus group A. Rotavirus infection has caused more than 200000 deaths annually and predominantly occurs in the low-income countries. Rotavirus evolution is indicated by the strain dynamics or the emergence of the unprecedented strain. The major factors that drive the rotavirus evolution include the genetic shift that is caused by the reassortment mechanism, either in the intra- or the inter-genogroup. However, other factors are also known to have an impact on rotavirus evolution. This review discusses the structure and types, epidemiology, and evolution of rotaviruses. This article also reviews other supplemental factors of rotavirus evolution, such as genetic reassortment, mutation rate, glycan specificity, vaccine introduction, the host immune responses, and antiviral drugs.
Is Plain Legal Language Easy to Translate?
Authors: Setkowicz-Ryszka Anna
Published: June 2024

This article examines two machine translations of the same English contract (contract of supply) made using DeepL Pro in March 2022 and March 2023. The contract was used in my practice as a legal translator trainer. It proved easy to understand but difficult to translate into Polish, where plain legal language is much less developed than in English. The history of plain language in the UK, the US and Poland is briefly presented. The analysis of features of plain English covers: expressions from general language when mixed with legal or technical language, the pronoun you referring to one party to the contract, and other features, like active voice and short sentences. Additionally, renditions of expressions denoting obligation or permission are analysed separately as an important element of contracts. The conclusion is that pronoun you in this context constituted a major source of difficulty and was translated in many ways. The translations are also uneven in terms of register (formal legal language vs language of instructions) or forms of address (degree of politeness), which would make post-editing them demanding. Other problems that a post-editor would face include terminological inconsistency and increased number of nominalizations compared to source text. The active voice or length of sentences are unproblematic in MT. Both legal translators and MT providers should refer to existing plain Polish contracts for solutions.
On-line Interpreter Accreditation Tests for the Bodies and Institutions of the European Union
Authors: Seresi Márta
Published: June 2024

Multilingualism being one of the core values of the European Union, EU bodies and institutions rely heavily on the work of interpreters. To select the best candidates, the three biggest institutions organize a common accreditation test for the auxiliary conference interpreters they intend to work with. This paper aims to examine why such an accreditation test is needed by giving an overview of the necessary skills and competences of a professional conference interpreter and by explaining the sub-tasks to be completed during the examinations. Then it presents how new technologies were gradually integrated in the testing methods in an attempt to cut travel costs and to simplify the organization of the accreditation tests. Finally, the most recent, fully online testing procedure will be presented, with an analysis of the possible advantages and drawbacks of a remote exam setting, especially in the context of the lessons learnt about remote interpreting during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Legal Lssues arising in the new Construction of the National University Dormitory Building and BTL(Build-Transfer-Lease) Type
Authors:   Korean Association of Aggregate Building Law, Kim Sung-Wook
Published: June 2024

The title of this paper is “Legal Lssues arising in the new Construction of the National University Dormitory Building and BTL(Build-Transfer-Lease) type”. Private investment projects are projects where the private sector invests in the construction and operation of social infrastructure and in principle, aims to provide public services while bearing business risks. I looked into private investment methods for building new student dormitories at national universities and the current status of Jeju National University's student dormitory. And recently, there are many cases of new national university dormitory buildings being built as part of the BTL project. I reviewed the legal issues arising from the BTL project, focusing on the case of Jeju National University.
A Study of Civil Liability Arising from Defects in AI IoT Systems in MDU(multidwelling unit): Focusing on Personal Information Protection in the case of Intercom System Hacking Incident
Authors:   Korean Association of Aggregate Building Law, Lee Sookyoung
Published: June 2024

In contemporary South Korea, the ubiquitous presence of smartphones has become ingrained in the daily lives of its populace. With artificial intelligence permeating various aspects of modern living, from smart vehicles to interconnected homes, the integration of IoT devices has become the norm. Initially conceived for security purposes, entrance keypads now serve as pivotal nodes within home networks, interconnected with the broader Internet of Things ecosystem. However, these keypads, while designed to enhance convenience, also harbor significant volumes of personal data, raising concerns over potential breaches and leaks. Indeed, instances of personal data exposure on the dark web, stemming from IoT hacking incidents, underscore the critical imperative for robust security measures.
To fortify the security framework surrounding these keypads and mitigate potential risks within residential complexes, a comprehensive legislative review is warranted. This examination encompasses the classification of keypad-related disputes as 'defects' and the subsequent application of pertinent statutes such as the 'Housing Act.' Given the intricate interplay between various legal frameworks governing housing complexes, scrutiny of relevant articles within the 'Civil Code' and the 'Act on Ownership and Management of Condominium Buildings,' particularly Articles 667 and 668, is essential to establish a coherent legal foundation. Moreover, the regulatory landscape must extend to encompass the 'Personal Information Protection Act,' addressing the ramifications of personal data exposure through IoT vulnerabilities.
Furthermore, in light of IoT's alignment with the 'Installation and Technical Standards for Intelligent Home Networks,' delineating precise definitions and standards governing home networks becomes imperative. This necessitates a thorough appraisal of existing legislation pertaining to cybersecurity and hacking incidents, with a specific focus on enhancing security protocols surrounding keypad systems in residential settings. Proposals for legislative amendments, such as revisions to select provisions within the 'Enforcement Decree of the Information and Communication Business Act,' aim to codify stringent standards and safeguards within our legal framework.
Additionally, recognizing the global nature of IoT technology standards and the inherent challenges posed by its rapid evolution, proactive measures are requisite. This includes advocating for amendments enabling management bodies to engage specialized supervisors through contractual arrangements or direct employment, thereby ensuring adept oversight and compliance in an ever-evolving technological landscape.
A Web Portal For Automatic Performance Evaluation Of Lagrangian Particle Tracking And Data Assimilation Algorithms
Authors: Leclaire B. , Cornic P. , Champagnat F. , Fabre E. , Calmels F.
Published: June 2024

We introduce a web portal dedicated to benchmarking Lagrangian Particle Tracking (LPT) and Data Assimilation (DA) processing algorithms. LPT is here understood in a wide sense, as we consider acquisition situations ranging from only two illuminations (i.e. Particle Tracking Velocimetry - PTV) to a large number of images. The website, https://www.onera.fr/en/flow-benchmarks allows not only to download datasets, but also to upload results and automatically obtain their performance evaluation; in its principle, it is thus similar to a number of already existing benchmark websites in the computer vision community, while none existed so far in the community of optical metrology for fluid mechanics. On the basis of the obtained performance, a user has the choice to publish their results or not on the public page of the dataset. The present work presents the website structure, its rules for participation, and a description of the first dataset available at opening, namely the two-pulse (PTV) case of the First LPT and DA Challenge dataset (Sciacchitano et al. 2021).
Measurement of High-Re Turbulent Pipe Flow Using Single-Pixel PIV
Authors: Oldenziel G. , Sridharan S. , Westerweel J.
Published: June 2024

In this paper we present PIV measurements of turbulent pipe flow at Reynolds numbers between 3.4 × 10^5 and 6.9 × 10^5. We apply a so-called 'single-pixel correlation' that yields a superior spatial resolution. We use the location and shape of the averaged correlation peak to obtain the mean velocity and normal and Reynolds stresses. A novel aspect of the single-pixel correlation approach is the extension to determine the spatial correlation of the velocity fluctuations. In this contribution, we present the results for Re_D = 4.98 × 10^5, corresponding to a shear Reynolds number Re_τ = 10254, with a spatial resolution of Δy+ = 19.
Micro-Scale Laser-Induced Fluorescence Thermometry For Multiphase Flow Of Immiscible Liquids
Authors: Kazemifar F. , Simmons S. , Pedrigal C.
Published: June 2024

In this work an implementation of laser induced fluorescence thermometry technique at the micro-scale for application in multiphase flow of two immiscible liquid is presented. The selected fluid phases are water and n-decane. One key limiting factor for dye selection is that each dye must be soluble in only one of the liquid phases. The selected fluorescent dyes are sulforhodamine 101 (SR) and eosin Y (EY) in water, and pyrromethene 597-8C9 in n-decane. The technique uses ratiometric two-color two-dye approach for water and two-color one-dye approach for n-decane. The two imaging wavelength bands are 540–572 nm and 610–640 nm. The technique yields a measurement sensitivity of 1.7% K^{-1} in water and ~0.1% K^{-1} in n-decane in the temperature range 20–60 ºC with a spatial and temporal resolution of 5.2 µm and 1 s, respectively. The sensitivity and uncertainty level achieved herein are satisfactory and near expected values for the aqueous phase. For the non-aqueous phase, modifications in the optical setup and/or choice of fluorescent dye(s) are needed to improve the sensitivity of the measurement technique.
Investigation Of Turbulent Superstructures In Rayleigh-Benard Convection By Lagrangian Particle Tracking Of Fluorescent Microspheres
Authors: Weiss S. , Schanz D. , Erdogdu A. O. , Schröder A. , Bosbach J.
Published: June 2024

We present spatially and temporally resolved velocity measurements of turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC) in a fluid sample of square horizontal cross section with length L = 320 mm and height H = 20 mm, resulting in an aspect ratio of Γ = H/L = 16. The working fluid was water with a Prandtl number of Pr=7 and the Rayleigh-number was set to Ra = 1.1 × 10^6. We seeded the flow with fluorescent polyethylene microspheres that were photographed at a rate of 19 Hz by six cameras. From the images the particle position and their velocity was calculated via the "Shake-The-Box" (STB) Lagrangian particle tracking algorithm. With this approach, we could simultaneously track more than 300,000 particles and hence study the resulting turbulent structures in the Eulerian and Lagrangian frames.
Development Of New Methods For Analysis Of LPT Data And Application To High-Subsonic Jet Measurements
Authors: Godbersen P. , Manovski P. , Novara M. , Schanz D. , Geisler R. , Schröder A.
Published: June 2024

Lagrangian particle tracking enables the accurate measurement of the position, velocity and acceleration of particles moving within fluid flows. Beyond the particle positions in each time step, an actual track of the individual particle is available over time. This can be exploited for new analysis methods that use this continuous nature of the tracks to improve binned statistics of the flow. Instead of considering just particle positions at each sampling time instance the movement of the tracked particle between those time steps can provide additional information. In the case of binning based averaging methods this results in better convergence of the statistics for a given amount of data. We apply such methods to a multi-pulse STB measurement of a Mach 0.84 jet in air and generate high resolution two-point correlation maps of the flow. Coherent structures in the shear layer are further investigated using an event orientated conditional averaging based on quadrant analysis. As a novel approach for utilizing the Lagrangian nature of the measurement data we additionally show a control volume balance based calculation approach which together with bin based statistics could provide a pathway towards investigating balance equations of flow quantities.
Can Simultaneous PIV In The Gas And Liquid Phases Provide Insight Into The Transfer Of Momentum Between The Two Phases?
Authors: Kim J. H. , Hann D.B. , Johnson K. , Eastwick C. N. , Cherdantsev A.V.
Published: June 2024

Understanding the interaction between a gas shearing over a liquid film and the liquid film is essential if we wish to use modeling to optimize systems to decrease environmental impact, increase efficiency, and hence productivity. To this end, PIV is used to simultaneously study the velocity fields in the gas and liquid fields to better understand the interaction between the two phases. The methodology is detailed in the paper, and initial results show that the film shape changes as the flow increases from 2.2 m/s to 4.7 m/s. This change can be seen to be from a 2D surface wave regime to a 3D wave regime. In the 2D regime, the liquid film is linear in shape, and the averaged and conditionally averaged velocity profiles of the gas and liquid velocity are equal at the interface. In the 3-D regime, the averaged liquid and gas velocity profiles are no longer equal at the average interface height. Instead, they coincide at the 2.5% percentile of the local height distribution. The conditionally averaged velocity profiles show significant differences as the film height changes. It is suggested that this would mean the use of average profiles for validating CFD in similar situations might need to be reviewed.
Dynamics Of Coherent Structures In Turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard Convection By Lagrangian Particle Tracking Of Long-Lived Helium Filled Soap Bubbles
Authors: Bosbach J. , Schanz D. , Godbersen P. , Schröder A.
Published: June 2024

We present spatially and temporally resolved velocity and acceleration measurements of turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection in a cylindrical sample with aspect ratio one. Using the "Shake-The-Box" Lagrangian Particle Tracking algorithm, we were able to instantaneously track more than 560,000 particles in the complete sample volume (~ 1 m³), corresponding to mean inter-particle distances of less than 8 volume averaged Kolmogorov lengths. We used the data assimilation scheme "FlowFit" with continuity and Navier-Stokes-constraints to regularize the scattered velocity and acceleration data via continuous 3D B-Splines on a cubic grid to recover the smallest flow scales. The measurements were enabled by a dedicated bubble fluid solution, which we developed for generation of long-lived helium filled soap bubbles, allowing for long-term optical flow measurements at large scales in gaseous media. We show visualizations of the Large-Scale Circulation (LSC) using iso-surfaces the Q-criterion, that allow a glance into the turbulent structure of the flow and to spot some of the dynamic features of the LSC. By employing Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) in the rotating frame of the LSC, we are able to model the oscillatory dynamics of the LSC using just the first three POD modes with a standard deviation from the full data set of less than 5 % utilizing only ~50% of the turbulent kinetic energy.
Two-Color Laser-Induced Fluorescence Thermometry In Micrometric Ethanol Droplets Using A Fluorescein And Sulforhodamine 101 Dye Mixture
Authors: Ulrich H. , Sigl S. , Möhnle M. , Berrocal E. , Zigan L.
Published: June 2024

In this work, two-color laser-induced fluorescence (2c-LIF) is applied to measure the temperature in micrometric ethanol droplets, containing a novel dye mixture of fluorescein (FL) and sulforhodamine 101 (SRh). A monodisperse droplet generator is used to generate 100 µm sized droplets with temperatures from 293 K to 343 K. The addition and excitation of the dye mixture allow the simultaneous detection of the fluorescence signal with two detection systems. A fiber coupled spectrometer and an imaging system with two sCMOS cameras provide both, spectral and spatial information. Measuring both signals at the same time, lasing effects (or morphology-dependent resonances) in the droplet can be clearly recognized in the spectra and circumvented in further measurements.  Additionally, absorption measurements are conducted, which demonstrate the difference in temperature sensitivity between the two dyes and show potential re-absorption effects. At high temperatures, the photon absorption of FL increases strongly while SRh shows a steady absorption at all temperatures. By measuring the emission spectra, the implied temperature dependence can be observed for FL. On the contrary, the emission signal of SRh is constant at any temperature measured. The wavelength regions with highest sensitivity are elaborated and respective filters are chosen for the color channels in the imaging system. No lasing effects were observed in these filter regions in planar and spectral measurements. Temperature-dependent signal ratios of the two channels are obtained for the detected spectra and images. The resulting calibration curves are compared and discussed. A much steeper slope and thus larger sensitivity is achieved by measuring with the spectrometer. Both calibration curves show only very little standard deviations, which proves the applicability and reliability of the setup, the method and the utilized dyes, for application in technical spray systems.
1D Interferometric Rayleigh Scattering Velocimetry And Thermometry Using VIPA
Authors: Luo X. , Al Hadi Z. , Krishna Y. , Magnotti G.
Published: June 2024

One-dimensional interferometric Rayleigh scattering is applied to simultaneous measure velocity and temperature by using virtually imaged phased array. The Doppler shift of interferometric pattern was produced by flow velocity plus laser drifts. Online monitoring of the laser wavelength is achieved by adding an additional F-P etalon-based IRS system. Velocity measurements at a low flow rates show an accuracy of 10 m/s. The Rayleigh-Brillouin spectrum is function of pressure and temperature, and provides temperature diagnostics in isobaric flows. The different fringes of interferometric pattern represent different measurements in temperature fitting. This make it possible that one-time experiment but multi-times measurement. The instrument precision of temperature was 3.5% at 809K, which was contributed by the signal to noise ratio decrease at high temperature.
η-Ricci solitons on (LCS)n-manifolds admitting different semi-symmetric structures
Authors: Baishya Kanak Kanti , Biswas Ashis , Blaga Adara
Published: June 2024

The object of the present paper is to study η-Ricci solitons and Ricci solitons on (LCS)n-manifolds admitting different equivalency group or class of semi-symmetric conditions based on Kundu and Shaikh [29].
Topological radicals of semicrossed products
Authors: Andreolas Gavriil , Anoussis Michalis , Magiatis Charalampos
Published: June 2024

We characterize the hypocompact radical of a semicrossed product in terms of properties of the dynamical system. We show that an element A of a semicrossed product is in the hypocompact radical if and only if the Fourier coefficients of A vanish on the closure of the recurrent points and the 0-Fourier coefficient vanishes also on the largest perfect subset of X.
Natural mycorrhizal colonization of different apricot rootstocks
Authors: BAKOS József László , SZALAY László , MENDELNÉ PÁSZTI Edina , MENDEL Ákos
Published: June 2024

Mycorrhizae provide a permanent, reliable and natural way to reap the benefits of symbiosis. Since the susceptibility of different apricot rootstocks to mycorrhization varies considerably, tree conditions can be improved to varying degrees. To determine the degree of naturally occurring colonization (low, high and total), we tested two Hungarian scion cultivars (‘Gönci magyar kajszi’ and ‘Ceglédi szilárd’) with six rootstock cultivars from different origins. The results were obtained by microscopic analysis of dyed root samples. The rootstocks ‘Apricot seedling’ and ‘Myrobalan 29C’ are the most susceptible in our orchards. The insufficient colonization of the plum rootstocks ‘Wavit’ and ‘Fehér besztercei’ could be due to the water requirements of plum as a rootstock, which puts them at a disadvantage in non-irrigated conditions. However, no statistical differences were found between the rootstocks in the proportion of uncolonized roots, except that the roots of 'Gönci magyar kajszi' were more colonized than those of ‘Ceglédi szilárd’.