bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution and Expression Patterns of the Fructose 1,6-Bisphosptase Gene Family in a Miracle Tree (Neolamarckia cadamba)
Authors: Que Qingmin , Liang Xiaohan , Song Huiyun , Li Chunmei , Li Pei , Pian Ruiqi , Chen Xiaoyang , Zhou Wei , Ouyang Kunxi
Published: December 2022

Neolamarckia cadamba (N. cadamba) is a fast-growing tree species with tremendous economic and ecological value; the study of the key genes regulating photosynthesis and sugar accumulation is very important for the breeding of N. cadamba. Fructose 1,6-bisphosptase (FBP) gene has been found to play a key role in plant photosynthesis, sugar accumulation and other growth processes. However, no systemic analysis of FBPs has been reported in N. cadamba. A total of six FBP genes were identifed and cloned based on the N. cadamba genome, and these FBP genes were sorted into four groups. The characteristics of the NcFBP gene family were analyzed such as phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, conserved motifs, and expression patterns. A cis-acting element related to circadian control was first found in the promoter region of FBP gene. Phylogenetic and quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed that NcFBP5 and NcFBP6 may be chloroplast type 1 FBP and cytoplasmic FBP, respectively. FBP proteins from N. cadamba and 22 other plant species were used for phylogenetic analyses, indicating that FBP family may have expanded during the evolution of algae to mosses and differentiated cpFBPase1 proteins in mosses. This work analyzes the internal relationship between the evolution and expression of the six NcFBPs, providing a scientific basis for the evolutionary pattern of plant FBPs, and promoting the functional studies of FBP genes.
Effect of Two Mucoprotectants, Gelatin Tannate and Xyloglucan plus Gelatin, on Cholera Toxin-Induced Water Secretion in Rats
Authors: Eutamene Hélène , Beaufrand Catherine , Harkat Cherryl , Theodorou Vassilia
Published: December 2022

Background: Newer antidiarrheal agents include the mucoprotectants gelatin tannate and xyloglucan. Methods: Rat models of cholera toxin (CT)-induced water secretion were used to evaluate the mucoprotective effects of gelatin tannate, xyloglucan, and related compounds. Results: Oral pretreatment for 4 days with gelatin tannate (250 and 500 mg/kg/day), but not tannic acid or gelatin (both 125 mg/kg/day), blocked CT-induced intestinal water secretion. CT-induced intestinal water secretion was also attenuated by oral xyloglucan 12.5 mg/kg + gelatin 125 mg/kg (6 h pre-CT) and gelatin 250 mg/kg (12 h pre-CT), and by local (intra-jejunal loop) administration of gelatin, gelatin tannate and xyloglucan concomitantly with CT. Conclusions: Gelatin tannate and xyloglucan + gelatin attenuated CT-induced intra-loop water secretion in this experimental model, supporting previous evidence that their mechanisms of mucosal protection are closely related to their chemical structures, which confer film-forming properties via the formation of mucoadhesive films.
Cushion Gas in Hydrogen Storage—A Costly CAPEX or a Valuable Resource for Energy Crises?
Authors: Heinemann Niklas , Wilkinson Mark , Adie Kate , Edlmann Katriona , Thaysen Eike Marie , Hassanpouryouzband Aliakbar , Haszeldine Robert Stuart
Published: December 2022

The geological storage of hydrogen is a seasonal energy storage solution, and the storage capacity of saline aquifers is most appropriately defined by quantifying the amount of hydrogen that can be injected and reproduced over a relevant time period. Cushion gas, stored in the reservoir to support the production of the working gas, is a CAPEX, which should be reduced to decrease implementation cost for gas storage. The cushion gas to working gas ratio provides a sufficiently accurate reflection of the storage efficiency, with higher ratios equating to larger initial investments. This paper investigates how technical measures, such as well configurations and adjustments to the operational size and schedule, can reduce this ratio, and the outcomes can inform optimisation strategies for hydrogen storage operations. Using a simplified open saline aquifer reservoir model, hydrogen storage is simulated with a single injection and production well. The results show that the injection process is more sensitive to technical measures than the production process; a shorter perforation and a smaller well diameter increases the required cushion gas for the injection process but has little impact on the production. If the storage operation capacity is expanded, and the working gas volume increased, the required cushion gas to working gas ratio increases for injection, reducing the efficiency of the injection process. When the reservoir pressure has more time to equilibrate, less cushion gas is required. It is shown that cushion gas plays an important role in storage operations and that the tested optimisation strategies impart only minor effects on the production process, however, there is significant need for careful optimisation of the injection process. It is suggested that the recoverable part of the cushion gas could be seen as a strategic gas reserve, which can be produced during an energy crisis. In this scenario, the recoverable cushion gas could be owned by the state, and the upfront costs for gas storage to the operator would be reduced, making the implementation of more gas storage and the onset of hydrogen storage more attractive to investors.
Pharmacopuncture Effects on Insomnia Disorder: Protocol for a Multi-Site, Randomized, Acupuncture-Controlled, Clinical Trial
Authors: Lim Jung-Hwa , Lee Jae-Hyok , Kwon Chan-Young , Lee Sang-Hyup , Kang Chang-Wan , Cho Eun , Kim Hyun-Woo , Cho Jun-Hee , Kim Bo-Kyung
Published: December 2022

Insomnia is a common health problem that can lead to various diseases and negatively impact quality of life. Pharmacopuncture is a new type of acupuncture that involves applying herbal medicine extracts to acupoints. Korean medicine doctors frequently use it to treat insomnia disorder. However, there is insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness and safety of pharmacopuncture for insomnia disorder. We designed a pragmatic randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of pharmacopuncture and acupuncture for insomnia disorder. This multi-site, randomized, acupuncture-controlled trial will enroll 138 insomnia patients. The subjects will be randomly assigned to one of two groups, pharmacopuncture or acupuncture, at a 2:1 ratio. For 4 weeks, the participants will receive ten sessions of pharmacopuncture or acupuncture treatment and will be followed up for 4 weeks after the treatment ends. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score is the primary outcome measure. Insomnia severity index score, sleep parameters recorded using actigraphy and sleep diaries, physical symptoms associated with insomnia, emotions, quality of life, medical costs, and safety are the secondary outcome measures. The findings of this trial willprovide evidence that will be useful in clinical decision-making for insomnia treatment strategies.
Structural Home Defects Are the Leading Cause of Mold in Buildings: The Housing and Health Service Experience
Authors: Felipo Rachel , Charpin Denis
Published: December 2022

The study aimed to evaluate the contribution of building problems to mold proliferation in dwellings. We investigated 503 dwellings of patients suffering from respiratory diseases, whose attending physicians had requested a home inspection if the area of mold was equal to at least one square meter. After careful visual evaluation and basic environmental measurements performed by a trained technician, environmental issues were classified into building defects, accidental water damage, and condensation. Data analysis demonstrated that building defects were the pre-eminent cause of mold proliferation. Among the building defects, water infiltration through leaks in roofs or walls was the leading cause. These results highlight the need for health professionals managing patients with respiratory diseases to be able to request a home inspection, and for city health authorities to commission professionals who can focus on building problems and find ways to address them.
Factors Associated with Self-Reported Changes in Alcohol Use among Young Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Analysis between Canada and France
Authors: Coulaud Pierre-Julien , Airagnes Guillaume , McGrath Kai , Bolduc Naseeb , Bertrand Karine , Jauffret-Roustide Marie , Knight Rod
Published: December 2022

While the COVID-19 pandemic impacted young adults’ alcohol use patterns, little is known about how changes in alcohol use may differ across different settings. Our objective was to identify and compare factors associated with changes in alcohol use among young adults in Canada and France during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an online cross-sectional survey in October–December 2020 with young adults aged 18–29 (n = 5185) in Canada and France. In each country, weighted multinomial logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with self-reported decrease and increase in alcohol use separately (reference: no change). Respectively, 33.4% and 21.4% reported an increase in alcohol use in Canada and France, while 22.9% and 33.5% reported a decrease. Being 25–29 was a predictor of decrease in Canada, while living away from family was associated with an increase in France. In both countries, participants were more likely to report an increase if they reported depressive symptoms, smoking tobacco, or cannabis use. Conversely, those who had been tested for COVID-19 and those who were highly compliant with COVID-19 preventive measures were more likely to report a decrease. Efforts are needed to develop alcohol use interventions for young adults, including in ways that prioritize those with mental health challenges.
Contrast Agents during Pregnancy: Pros and Cons When Really Needed
Authors: Perelli Federica , Turrini Irene , Giorgi Maria Gabriella , Renda Irene , Vidiri Annalisa , Straface Gianluca , Scatena Elisa , D’Indinosante Marco , Marchi Laura , Giusti Marco , Oliva Antonio , Grassi Simone , De Luca Carmen , Catania Francesco , Vizzielli Giuseppe , Restaino Stefano , Gullo Giuseppe , Eleftheriou Georgios , Mattei Alberto , Signore Fabrizio , Lanzone Antonio , Scambia Giovanni , Cavaliere Anna Franca
Published: December 2022

Many clinical conditions require radiological diagnostic exams based on the emission of different kinds of energy and the use of contrast agents, such as computerized tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance (MR), ultrasound (US), and X-ray imaging. Pregnant patients who should be submitted for diagnostic examinations with contrast agents represent a group of patients with whom it is necessary to consider both maternal and fetal effects. Radiological examinations use different types of contrast media, the most used and studied are represented by iodinate contrast agents, gadolinium, fluorodeoxyglucose, gastrographin, bariumsulfate, and nanobubbles used in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The present paper reports the available data about each contrast agent and its effect related to the mother and fetus. This review aims to clarify the clinical practices to follow in cases where a radiodiagnostic examination with a contrast medium is indicated to be performed on a pregnant patient.
Carbon Emissions Trading and Green Technology Innovation—A Quasi-natural Experiment Based on a Carbon Trading Market Pilot
Authors: Liu Weiming , Qiu Yating , Jia Lijiang , Zhou Hang
Published: December 2022

Carbon emissions trading policy has received widespread attention from scholars as a core policy tool to reduce carbon emissions. While most scholars have previously focused on the carbon emission reduction effect, this paper investigates the impact of carbon emissions trading policy on green technology innovation using a differences-in-differences method based on provincial panel data from 2005–2019, using a carbon emissions trading pilot as a quasi-natural experiment. The findings show that the policy can significantly promote green technology innovation, but with a lagged effect, and this finding still holds in the robustness test. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that the stronger the human capital, the stronger the intellectual property protection and the stronger the marketization with better policy effects. In addition, carbon emissions trading policy can indirectly affect green technology innovation by influencing research investment.
Epigenomic and Other Evidence for Cannabis-Induced Aging Contextualized in a Synthetic Epidemiologic Overview of Cannabinoid-Related Teratogenesis and Cannabinoid-Related Carcinogenesis
Authors: Reece Albert , Hulse Gary
Published: December 2022

Background: Twelve separate streams of empirical data make a strong case for cannabis-induced accelerated aging including hormonal, mitochondriopathic, cardiovascular, hepatotoxic, immunological, genotoxic, epigenotoxic, disruption of chromosomal physiology, congenital anomalies, cancers including inheritable tumorigenesis, telomerase inhibition and elevated mortality. Methods: Results from a recently published longitudinal epigenomic screen were analyzed with regard to the results of recent large epidemiological studies of the causal impacts of cannabis. We also integrate theoretical syntheses with prior studies into these combined epigenomic and epidemiological results. Results: Cannabis dependence not only recapitulates many of the key features of aging, but is characterized by both age-defining and age-generating illnesses including immunomodulation, hepatic inflammation, many psychiatric syndromes with a neuroinflammatory basis, genotoxicity and epigenotoxicity. DNA breaks, chromosomal breakage-fusion-bridge morphologies and likely cycles, and altered intergenerational DNA methylation and disruption of both the histone and tubulin codes in the context of increased clinical congenital anomalies, cancers and heritable tumors imply widespread disruption of the genome and epigenome. Modern epigenomic clocks indicate that, in cannabis-dependent patients, cannabis advances cellular DNA methylation age by 25–30% at age 30 years. Data have implications not only for somatic but also stem cell and germ line tissues including post-fertilization zygotes. This effect is likely increases with the square of chronological age. Conclusion: Recent epigenomic studies of cannabis exposure provide many explanations for the broad spectrum of cannabis-related teratogenicity and carcinogenicity and appear to account for many epidemiologically observed findings. Further research is indicated on the role of cannabinoids in the aging process both developmentally and longitudinally, from stem cell to germ cell to blastocystoids to embryoid bodies and beyond.
A Cost Effective Scheme for the Highly Accurate Description of Intermolecular Binding in Large Complexes
Authors: Czernek Jiří , Brus Jiří , Czerneková Vladimíra
Published: December 2022

There has been a growing interest in quantitative predictions of the intermolecular binding energy of large complexes. One of the most important quantum chemical techniques capable of such predictions is the domain-based local pair natural orbital (DLPNO) scheme for the coupled cluster theory with singles, doubles, and iterative triples [CCSD(T)], whose results are extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit. Here, the DLPNO-based focal-point method is devised with the aim of obtaining CBS-extrapolated values that are very close to their canonical CCSD(T)/CBS counterparts, and thus may serve for routinely checking a performance of less expensive computational methods, for example, those based on the density-functional theory (DFT). The efficacy of this method is demonstrated for several sets of noncovalent complexes with varying amounts of the electrostatics, induction, and dispersion contributions to binding (as revealed by accurate DFT-based symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) calculations). It is shown that when applied to dimeric models of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) chains in its two polymorphic forms, the DLPNO-CCSD(T) and DFT-SAPT computational schemes agree to within about 2 kJ/mol of an absolute value of the interaction energy. These computational schemes thus should be useful for a reliable description of factors leading to the enthalpic stabilization of extended systems.
Olfactory Gene Families in Scopula subpunctaria and Candidates for Type-II Sex Pheromone Detection
Authors: Yuan Ting-Ting , Luo Zi-Jun , Luo Zong-Xiu , Cai Xiao-Ming , Bian Lei , Xiu Chun-Li , Fu Nan-Xia , Chen Zong-Mao , Zhang Long-Wa , Li Zhao-Qun
Published: December 2022

Scopula subpunctaria, an abundant pest in tea gardens, produce type-II sex pheromone components, which are critical for its communicative and reproductive abilities; however, genes encoding the proteins involved in the detection of type-II sex pheromone components have rarely been documented in moths. In the present study, we sequenced the transcriptomes of the male and female S. subpunctaria antennae. A total of 150 candidate olfaction genes, comprising 58 odorant receptors (SsubORs), 26 ionotropic receptors (SsubIRs), 24 chemosensory proteins (SsubCSPs), 40 odorant-binding proteins (SsubOBPs), and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SsubSNMPs) were identified in S. subpunctaria. Phylogenetic analysis, qPCR, and mRNA abundance analysis results suggested that SsubOR46 may be the Orco (non-traditional odorant receptor, a subfamily of ORs) of S. subpunctaria. SsubOR9, SsubOR53, and SsubOR55 belonged to the pheromone receptor (PR) clades which have a higher expression in male antennae. Interestingly, SsubOR44 was uniquely expressed in the antennae, with a higher expression in males than in females. SsubOBP25, SsubOBP27, and SsubOBP28 were clustered into the moth pheromone-binding protein (PBP) sub-family, and they were uniquely expressed in the antennae, with a higher expression in males than in females. SsubOBP19, a member of the GOBP2 group, was the most abundant OBP in the antennae. These findings indicate that these olfactory genes, comprising five candidate PRs, three candidate PBPs, and one candidate GOBP2, may be involved in type II sex pheromone detection. As well as these genes, most of the remaining SsubORs, and all of the SsubIRs, showed a considerably higher expression in the female antennae than in the male antennae. Many of these, including SsubOR40, SsubOR42, SsubOR43, and SsubIR26, were more abundant in female antennae. These olfactory and ionotropic receptors may be related to the detection of host plant volatiles. The results of this present study provide a basis for exploring the olfaction mechanisms in S. subpunctaria, with a focus on the genes involved in type II sex pheromones. The evolutionary analyses in our study provide new insights into the differentiation and evolution of lepidopteran PRs.
Pericytes of Stria Vascularis Are Targets of Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity: New Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Blood-Labyrinth Barrier Breakdown
Authors: Anfuso Carmelina Daniela , Cosentino Alessia , Agafonova Aleksandra , Zappalà Agata , Giurdanella Giovanni , Trovato Salinaro Angela , Calabrese Vittorio , Lupo Gabriella
Published: December 2022

The stria vascularis (SV) contributes to cochlear homeostasis and consists of three layers, one of which contains the blood-labyrinthic barrier (BLB), with a large number of bovine cochlear pericytes (BCPs). Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug that can damage the SV and cause hearing loss. In this study, cell viability, proliferation rate, cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production were evaluated. The protein content of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, total ERK 1/2, phospho-cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), total cPLA2 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from BCPs were analyzed. Finally, the protective effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) on BCPs treated with cisplatin was investigated. Cisplatin reduced viability and proliferation, activated ERK 1/2, cPLA2 and COX-2 expression and increased PGE2 and VEGF release; these effects were reversed by Dexamethasone. The presence of PDGF-BB during the treatment with cisplatin significantly increased the proliferation rate. No studies on cell regeneration in ear tissue evaluated the effect of the PDGF/Dex combination. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cisplatin on cochlear pericytes and propose new otoprotective agents aimed at preventing the reduction of their vitality and thus maintaining the BLB structure.
Novel Protonic Conductor SrLa2Sc2O7 with Layered Structure for Electrochemical Devices
Authors: Tarasova Nataliia , Bedarkova Anzhelika , Animitsa Irina , Abakumova Ekaterina , Gnatyuk Vladislava , Zvonareva Inna
Published: December 2022

Novel materials with target properties for different electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices are currently being actively created and investigated. Materials with high level of protonic conductivity are attracting attention as electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells and electrolyzers. Though many materials are being investigated as potential electrolytic components for these devices, many problems exist, including comparability between electrodes and electrolytes. In this paper, layered perovskite SrLa2Sc2O7 was investigated as a protonic conductor for the first time. The possibility for water uptake and protonic transport was revealed. It was shown that the SrLa2Sc2O7 composition can be considered a prospective ionic conductor. The layered perovskites can be considered as very promising materials for electrochemical devices for energy applications.
An Improved Modeling and Numerical Analysis Method for Tooth Surface Wear of Double-Arc Harmonic Gears
Authors: Zhao Qian , Xing Zuoxiang , Yuan Jing , Zhang Zhijun , Zhu Jun , Jiang Huiming
Published: December 2022

Tooth surface wear is one of the most common failure modes of harmonic gears, especially in space drive mechanisms. Due to difficulty accurately modeling its wear failure model and the complex mechanism, its dynamic behavior and wear mechanism have not been deeply investigated, and study of the double-arc tooth profile wear model is relative lacking. Therefore, an improved wear modelling and analysis method that is more in line with actual conditions for double-arc harmonic gears is here proposed. Firstly, a tooth surface wear model under mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) was established based on the Archard formula, which combines the Reynolds equation and double-arc tooth profile equation, and considering the meshing offset caused by elastic deformation. Then, the wear analysis method combined with mixed EHL was derived, and numerical simulation analysis of the wear characteristics in lubrication state was carried out, including wear depth calculation and wear output comparison of different tooth profiles. Furthermore, the influence of main working parameters and design parameters on the wear quantity was analyzed. The results show that wear depth for mixed EHL is significantly less than at dry contact. The double-arc tooth profile can withstand more wear cycles than the involute tooth profile, and the input torque and the number of cycles significantly affect the amount of tooth wear. This study further reveals the tooth wear mechanism for harmonic gears, and provides a theoretical basis for the structural optimization design, wear reduction, and life prolonging of harmonic gears.
Deicer Salt-Scaling Resistance of Concrete Using Recycled Concrete Aggregates Pretreated by Silica Fume Slurry
Authors: Sasanipour Hossein , Aslani Farhad , Taherinezhad Javad
Published: December 2022

Concrete wastes such as recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) make up a significant part of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) which can be used to minimize usage of natural aggregates and reduce carbon footprint. This paper studies the salt-scaling resistance of recycled aggregate concrete produced with pretreated RCAs. The test method for evaluating salt-scaling resistance in concrete according to DIN EN 1340: 2003 was performed. Four series of concrete mixes using natural aggregates, RCAs, manually pretreated RCA, and modified RCA in a desiccator were subjected to the different tests in terms of bulk electrical resistance in two directions (X and Y) before and after freeze-thaw cycles, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and weight loss of the surface layer of concrete specimens. Moreover, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of mixes was conducted and the microstructure of mixes considering the interface transition zone was studied. Results show that after exposure to cycles of freezing and thawing, the quality of concrete regarding ultrasonic pulse velocity did not change. The electrical resistance of specimens decreased significantly in X-direction and slightly in Y-direction after applying freeze-thaw cycles in all mixes. Nevertheless, surface modification of RCAs can increase electrical resistance and improve durability of concrete. SEM images show that the interface transition zone before and after freeze-thaw cycles remained unchanged which means strong bond between aggregate, new mortar, and old mortar. An estimation of the total charge passed indicated that all recycled aggregate concretes can be classified in a safe area and with very low chloride ion penetrability according to ASTM C1202.
Optical Strain Measurement and Microfractography of the Fractures of Armstal 550 Steel after Temperature Tensile Tests
Authors: Bogusz Paweł , Nasiłowska Barbara , Sławiński Grzegorz
Published: December 2022

A material strength investigation along with a detailed microfractography analysis of fractures formed during static tensile tests of steel Armstal 550 was performed. The tests in this research were conducted in a temperature range of 298 to 973 K. In addition, during tensile tests at ambient temperature, optical measurements of strain maps and the curvature of the neck were performed. The minimum cross-sectional diameter and the radius of the neck curvature during tensile tests were obtained. The data can be directly used to obtain the true stress–strain curve. The material property analysis confirmed the high strength of the Armstal 550 alloy. The ultimate strength at room temperature equals 2.14 GPa, whereas the yield point equals 1.65 GPa. A decrease in the strength parameters along with an increase in temperature was noted. This is a typical phenomenon related to a change in the density and thermal expansion of steel under the influence of the temperature increase. For example, at a temperature of 500 °C, the ultimate strength is more than 50% less than at room temperature. An in-depth analysis of the metallography and microfractography of fractures resulting from static tensile tests showed the formation of atypical nano- and microstructures with an elongated shape. Local nano- and microstructures were observed at different levels of intensity for different temperatures. The largest clusters of nanoparticles were present on the surfaces of the specimens examined at a temperature of 973 K. Scanning microscopy analysis confirmed the presence of molybdenum oxides.
Application of Nanotechnology in Extinguishing Agents
Authors: Rabajczyk Anna , Zielecka Maria , Gniazdowska Justyna
Published: December 2022

Extinguishing agents are a very important tool in the field of security, both in terms of private and social aspects. Depending on the type of burning substance and place of fire, appropriately prepared and developed solutions should be used. We can distinguish, among others, materials, powders or foaming agents. Modifications introduced into them, including ones based on the achievements in the field of nanotechnology, can improve their safety of use and extend their service life. Such amendments also reduce the costs of production and neutralization of the area after a fire, and increase the fire extinguishing effectiveness. The introduction of nanoparticles allows, e.g., shortening of the fire extinguishing time, reduction of the risk of smoke emission and the toxic substances contained in it, and an increase in the specific surface of particles and thus increasing the sorption of pollutants. The elaborations use metal nanoparticles, e.g., NP-Ag, metal oxides such as NP-SiO2, as well as particles of substances already present in extinguishing agents but treated and reduced to nanosize. It should be noted, however, that all changes must lead to obtaining a tool that meets the relevant legal requirements and has appropriate approvals.
Probabilistic Analysis of Composite Materials with Hyper-Elastic Components
Authors: Kamiński Marcin , Sokołowski Damian
Published: December 2022

This work is a comprehensive literature overview in the area of probabilistic methods related to composite materials with components exhibiting hyper-elastic constitutive behavior. A practical area of potential applications is seen to be rubber, rubber-like, or even rubber-based heterogeneous media, which have a huge importance in civil, mechanical, environmental, and aerospace engineering. The overview proposed and related discussion starts with some general introductory remarks and a general overview of the theories and methods of hyper-elastic material with a special emphasis on the recent progress. Further, a detailed review of the current trends in probabilistic methods is provided, which is followed by a literature perspective on the theoretical, experimental, and numerical treatments of interphase composites. The most important part of this work is a discussion of the up-to-date methods and works that used the homogenization method and effective medium analysis. There is a specific focus on random composites with and without any interface defects, but the approaches recalled here may also serve as well in sensitivity analysis and optimization studies. This discussion may be especially helpful in all engineering analyses and models related to the reliability of elastomers, whose applicability range, which includes energy absorbers, automotive details, sportswear, and the elements of water supply networks, is still increasing, as well as areas where a stochastic response is the basis of some limit functions that are fundamental for such composites in structural health monitoring.
Deposition of Sol–Gel ZnO:Mg Films and Investigation of Their Structural and Optical Properties
Authors: Ivanova Tatyana , Harizanova Antoaneta , Koutzarova Tatyana , Vertruyen Benedicte , Closset Raphael
Published: December 2022

This work presents a facile sol–gel method for the deposition of ZnO and ZnO:Mg films. The films are spin coated on silicon and quartz substrates. The impact of magnesium concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 wt%) and post-annealing treatments (300–600 °C) on the film’s structural, vibrational and optical properties is investigated. Undoped ZnO films crystallize in the wurtzite phase, with crystallite sizes ranging from 9.1 nm (300 °C) to 29.7 nm (600 °C). Mg doping deteriorates the film crystallization and shifting of 002 peak towards higher diffraction angles is observed, indicating the successful incorporation of Mg into the ZnO matrix. ZnO:Mg films (2 wt%) possess the smallest crystallite size, ranging from 6.2 nm (300 °C) to 25.2 nm (600 °C). The highest Mg concentration (3 wt%) results into a segregation of the MgO phase. Lattice constants, texture coefficients and Zn–O bond lengths are discussed. The diminution of the c lattice parameter is related to the replacement of Zn2+ by Mg2+ in the ZnO host lattice. The vibrational properties are studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. IR lines related to Mg–O bonds are found for ZnO:Mg films with dopant concentrations of 2 and 3 wt%. The optical characterization showed that the transmittance of ZnO:Mg thin films increased from 74.5% (undoped ZnO) to about 89.1% and the optical band gap energy from 3.24 to 3.56 eV. Mg doping leads to a higher refractive index compared to undoped ZnO films. The FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy) technique is used for observation of the surface morphology modification of ZnO:Mg films. The doped ZnO films possess a smoother grained surface structure, opposite to the wrinkle-type morphology of undoped sol–gel ZnO films. The smoother surface leads to improved transparency of ZnO:Mg films.
Automatic Modeller of Textile Yarns at Fibre Level
Authors: Aychilie Desalegn Beshaw , Kyosev Yordan , Abtew Mulat Alubel
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a geometrical modelling principle for the modelling of yarns at the fibre level. The woven and the knitted textile structures are built of yarns, which on the other side, are fibrous assemblies. In many yarn and fabric modelling works, yarns are considered as a single line element; however, most yarns are composed of a number of staple or filament fibres. It is then very important to understand the yarn at the micro level for a better understanding, production and application of the above structures. The current paper aims to present the modelling and implementation of yarn structures at the fibre level using the algorithmic geometrical modelling principle. The research work uses basic assumptions for the building of the models and various implementation issues, connected with the proper representation of the single multi-filament yarns, plied yarns and finally the staple fibre yarns. Except for visualization, the generated yarn models are prepared as a basis for mechanical, thermal, fluid flow and other simulations of textile structures using FEM, CFD and other numerical tools.
A New, Biomimetic Collagen–Apatite Wound-Healing Composite with a Potential Regenerative and Anti-Hemorrhagic Effect in Dental Surgery
Authors: Kolodziejska Barbara , Pajchel Lukasz , Zgadzaj Anna , Kolmas Joanna
Published: December 2022

The aim of this work was to obtain and characterize composite biomaterials containing two components, namely carbonated hydroxyapatite, which was substituted with Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions, and natural polymer–collagen protein. The following two different types of collagen were used: lyophilized powder of telocollagen from bovine Achilles tendon and atelocollagen solution from bovine dermis. The obtained 3D materials were used as potential matrices for the targeted delivery of tranexamic acid for potential use in wound healing after tooth extractions. Tranexamic acid (TXA) was introduced into composites by two different methods. The physicochemical analyses of the obtained composites included Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), release kinetics tests, swelling test, and cytotoxicity assays. The studies showed that the proposed synthetic methods yielded biomaterials with favorable physicochemical properties, as well as the expected release profile of the drug and ions from the matrices.
Research on Current Drive System of Magnetorheological Damper Based on Fuzzy PI Control
Authors: Li Wei , Liang Huijun , Xia Dongbin , Fu Jie , Luo Lei , Yu Miao
Published: December 2022

Magnetorheological dampers (MRD) are increasingly used in smart structural damping systems due to their good damping properties. In practical applications, as a nonlinear device, the parameters of the internal excitation coil of the magnetorheological damper will change during operation under the influence of the temperature and external environment, deteriorating the dynamic performance of the output current of the driver and reducing the damping effect of the system. Therefore, the current driver needs to be optimized for this phenomenon in order to ensure accurate current output. In this paper, a mathematical model of the buck circuit combined with the MRD equivalent circuit is established, and after analyzing the model, the parameters of the PI controller are rectified to lay the foundation for the design of the adaptive law. Then, with the help of the fuzzy control method, a fuzzy PI control strategy for MRD current driver is established, which enables the current driving system to adjust the control parameters adaptively when the MRD parameters change and ensure the accurate driving current output. The experimental results demonstrate that the fuzzy PI control strategy has a stronger robustness in the face of parameter changes of the control object compared with the traditional PI control at a system parameter change rate of 40%.
Preparation and Color Performance of White Ultra-High-Performance Concrete with Large Fraction of Quaternary Binders
Authors: Ma Rui , Tian Ziyang , Zhang Wei , Chen Lei , Zong Jinyu , Ding Yi , Sun Daosheng
Published: December 2022

White ultra-high-performance concrete (WUHPC) performed outstanding mechanical, durability, and aesthetical properties, which was preferred in infrastructure to avoid the secondary painting, decrease the maintenance, and prolong the service life. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) were often used in WUHPC to reduce the environment impacts and material costs. In this study, limestone powder (LP), metakaolin (MK), and silica fume (SF) were used as SCMs to largely substitute white Portland cement (WPC) to prepare WUHPC, the effects of substituted ratio on flowability, strength, and whiteness were studied, and the hydration products were also analyzed by quantitative-XRD method and SEM. The whiteness was calculated in chromatic space CIELAB by measuring tristimulus values of L, a*, and b*, and the controlled factor on whiteness was also investigated. As the results, the WUHPC with compressive strength exceeded 150 MPa and whiteness over 90 was prepared with WPC substitution of 35~65%. The SF improved the flowability and strength about 10% due to its filling and ball effect, while the irregular particle sharp and non-uniform size distribution of MK caused the reversed development. The increased dosage of raw materials with higher L value, such as LP and MK, made the WUHPC whiter. The hydration products with varied SCMs ratio were in the same category by different content. It was supposed that CaCO3 and C-S-H gel in hydration products caused higher whiteness, while C3S, CaMg(CO3)2, and SiO2 were against the whiteness. The results proved that with a large fraction of SCMs, the WUHPC with high strength and good appearance were prepared, and the whiteness of WUHPC were both controlled by the raw materials and the content of hydration products.
Gene Expression Profiling of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Type 2 Diabetes: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Fakhoury Hana M. A. , Elahi Muhammad Affan , Al Sarheed Saud , Al Dubayee Mohammed , Alshahrani Awad , Zhra Mahmoud , Almassri Arwa , Aljada Ahmad
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives: Visceral obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation that predisposes to metabolic syndrome. Indeed, infiltration of adipose tissue with immune–inflammatory cells, including ‘classical’ inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory ‘alternative’ M2 macrophages, causes the release of a variety of bioactive molecules, resulting in the metabolic complications of obesity. This study examined the relative expression of macrophage phenotypic surface markers, cholesterol efflux proteins, scavenger receptors, and adenosine receptors in human circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), isolated from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with the aim to phenotypically characterize and identify biomarkers for these ill-defined cells. Materials and Methodology: PBMCs were isolated from four groups of adults: Normal-weight non-diabetic, obese non-diabetic, newly diagnosed with T2DM, and T2DM on metformin. The mRNA expression levels of macrophage phenotypic surface markers (interleukin-12 (IL-12), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17), and C-C motif receptor 7 (CCR7)), cholesterol efflux proteins (ATP-binding cassette transporter-1 (ABCA1), ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1 (ABCG1), and sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A)), scavenger receptors (scavenger receptor-A (SR-A), C-X-C motif ligand 16 (CXCL16), and lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1)), and adenosine receptors (adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and adenosine A3 receptor (A3R)) were measured using qRT-PCR. Results: In PBMCs from T2DM patients, the expression of IL-12, CCR7, ABCA1, and SR-A1 was increased, whereas the expression of CXCL10, CCL17, ABCG1,27-hydroxylase, LOX-1, A2AR and A3R was decreased. On the other hand, treatment with the antidiabetic drug, metformin, reduced the expression of IL-12 and increased the expression of 27-hydroxylase, LOX-1, CXCL16 and A2AR. Conclusions: PBMCs in the circulation of patients with T2DM express phenotypic markers that are different from those typically present in adipose tissue M1 and M2 macrophages and could be representative of metabolically activated macrophages (MMe)-like cells. Our findings suggest that metformin alters phenotypic markers of MMe-like cells in circulation.
A Rare Case of Orbitocranial Penetrating Injury with Intracranial Wooden Foreign Body Residue
Authors: Wu Yi , He Weimin , Yang Yiliu , Chen Jun
Published: December 2022

Orbitocranial penetrating injuries (OPIs) caused by wooden foreign bodies (WFBs) are very rare and life threatening. Their diagnosis and treatment could be challenging for an ophthalmologist, requiring us to remain alert for possible intracranial extension. We present a case of a 52-year-old man with a residual wooden foreign body in the left frontal lobe. He had a notable history of trauma from a fall on a tree stump and surgical removal of a wooden foreign body from his left orbit 6 years ago. He was referred to us due to recurrent discharge from the eyelid wound. Wooden foreign body residue was successfully removed with a carefully planned craniotomy without complications. This case describes the clinical manifestation, radiographic features, and treatment of this rare trauma, with an emphasis on imaging diagnosis and multi-disciplinary management.
Natural Polyphenols for Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , Liu Kunjian , Yan Chengqiu , Yin Yu , He Shuangyan , Qiu Li , Li Guofeng
Published: December 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and serious gastrointestinal malignancy with high mortality and morbidity. Chemoprevention refers to a newly emerged strategy that uses drugs with chemopreventive properties to promote antioxidation, regulate cancer cell cycle, suppress proliferation, and induce cellular apoptosis, so as to improve cancer treatment outcomes. Natural polyphenols are currently recognized as a class of chemopreventive agents that have shown remarkable anticarcinogenic properties. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have elucidated the anti-CRC mechanisms of natural polyphenols, such as regulation of various molecular and signaling pathways. Natural polyphenols are also reportedly capable of modulating the gut microbiota and cancer stem cells (CSCs) to suppress tumor formation and progression. Combined use of different natural polyphenols is recommended due to their low bioavailability and instability, and combination treatment can exert synergistical effects, reduce side effects, and avoid drug resistance in CRC treatment. In summary, the application of polyphenols in the chemoprevention and treatment of CRC is promising. Further clinical evaluation of their effectiveness is warranted and anticipated.
Egg Consumption, Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: The Interaction with Saturated Fatty Acids. Results from the ATTICA Cohort Study (2002–2012)
Authors: Kouvari Matina , Damigou Evangelia , Florentin Matilda , Kosti Rena I. , Chrysohoou Christina , Pitsavos Christos S. , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B.
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To examine the association of egg intake with 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other cardiometabolic risk factors in a sample of individuals of Mediterranean origin. Methods: In 2001–2002, n = 1514 men and n = 1528 women (>18 years old) from the greater Athens area, Greece, were enrolled. Information on any egg intake, eaten as a whole, partly or in recipes was assessed via a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Follow-up for CVD evaluation (2011–2012) was achieved in n = 2020 participants (n = 317 CVD cases). Results: Ranking from lowest (<1 serving/week) to intermediate (1–4 servings/week) and high (4–7 servings/week) egg consumption tertiles, lower CVD incidence was observed (18%, 9% and 8%, respectively, p-for-trend = 0.004). Unadjusted analysis revealed that 1–3 eggs/week and 4–7 eggs/week were associated with a 60% and 75%, respectively, lower risk of developing CVD compared with the reference group (<1 egg/week). When adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical factors, significance was retained only for 1–3 eggs/week (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.28, 1.00). When total saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake was taken into account, this inverse association was non-significant. Multi-adjusted analysis revealed that in participants of low SFA intake, 1 serving/day increase in egg intake resulted in 45% lower risk of developing CVD. In the case of higher SFA consumption, only 1–3 eggs/week seemed to protect against CVD (HR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.07, 0.86). In the case of intermediate cardiometabolic disorders, no significant trend was observed. Conclusions: Overall dietary habits principally in terms of SFA intake may be detrimental to define the role of eggs in cardiac health.
Hepatitis B Therapeutic Vaccine: A Patent Review
Authors: Hudu Shuaibu , Jimoh Abdulgafar , Ibrahim Kasimu , Alshrari Ahmed
Published: December 2022

Viral hepatitis has long been underrated as a danger to global health. The UN only recently called for worldwide action to tackle viral hepatitis and lessen the disease burden in its “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which causes liver cirrhosis and malignancy, is a main cause of death globally. This review analyses innovative HBV therapeutic vaccine candidates for which a patent was filed between January 2010 and March 2022 and presents future improvement techniques for vaccine efficacy. Although there is a preventative vaccine for HBV infection, over 3% of people worldwide have the disease on a long-term basis and can no longer benefit from it. Most people will have chronic HBV infection for the rest of their lives once it has been diagnosed. Moreover, only a small percentage of treated patients experience a functional cure with persistent hepatitis B surface antigen reduction. A significant proportion of deaths are caused by liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer, which are both caused by chronic hepatitis B infection. Hence, there is an urgent need for novel medications due to the inadequacies of the current therapies.
Pyruvate Kinase M2 Promotes Hair Regeneration by Connecting Metabolic and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Ryu Yeong Chan , Kim You-Rin , Park Jiyeon , Choi Sehee , Ryu Won-Ji , Kim Geon-Uk , Kim Eunhwan , Hwang Yumi , Kim Heejene , Han Gyoonhee , Lee Soung-Hoon , Choi Kang-Yell
Published: December 2022

Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) utilize glycolytic metabolism during their activation and anagen induction. However, the role of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which catalyzes the final step of glycolysis, in hair regeneration has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and activity of PKM2 during the depilation-induced anagen progression in mice. We found that TEPP-46, a selective activator of PKM2, enhanced hair re-growth and proliferation of HFSCs. PKM2 expression was increased via up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is involved in hair regeneration. Moreover, a combined treatment with KY19382, a small molecule that activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and TEPP-46 significantly enhanced hair re-growth and wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis (WIHN). These results indicate that simultaneous activation of the PKM2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling could be a potential strategy for treating alopecia patients.