bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the influences of product placement in food stores on dietary behaviours and sales
Authors: Shaw Sarah , Baird Janis , Vogel Christina
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Empirical evidence of the effects of product placement strategies on consumers’ dietary and purchasing behaviours is limited. A systematic review was conducted to collate the evidence, both observational and intervention, about how food and beverage product placement (availability and positioning) in food stores, influence dietary behaviours and sales.

Materials and Methods: Nine databases were systematically searched, using both MeSH and free text terms, for articles published between 2005 and February 2019. Titles and abstracts were screened by one reviewer. If eligible, two reviewers performed data extraction and assessed each article for risk of bias in relation to the research question based on predefined criteria according to guidelines from the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Results were synthesised using a vote counting technique which recorded the significance level and the direction of the effect in relation to the expected relationship with health improvement. This systematic review was registered with Prospero CRD: 42016048826.

Results: The search yielded 16,342 potential articles of which 38, 17 observational and 21 intervention articles, met the inclusion criteria. The heterogeneous nature of these studies meant meta-analyses were not possible.

Two observational studies were classified as having a high risk of bias, 6 moderate and 9 as low risk of bias. Two intervention studies were classified as having moderate risk of bias and the remaining 19 as high risk of bias.

For observation studies, six studies included sales outcomes, nine included diet outcomes and four included BMI outcomes. For intervention studies, 19 included sales outcomes, four included diet outcomes and one included BMI outcomes. 76 outcomes from observational studies and 89 outcomes from intervention studies were included in the vote counting synthesis. 76% of observational outcomes showed associations with placement strategies in the expected direction for health improvement with 41% being significant. 72% of intervention outcomes showed associations in the expected direction with 33% being significant.

Discussion: The evidence suggests food and beverage placement strategies in food stores have the potential to support healthier food-related behaviours. The difficulties in conducting high-quality intervention studies may be a contributing factor to the large number of non-significant results that have been published. This review provides evidence in support of the UK Government's updated Childhood Obesity Plan to restrict the prominent placement of unhealthy food in food stores.
Sunda clouded leopardNeofelis diardidensities and human activities in the humid evergreen rainforests of Sumatra
Authors: Haidir Iding , Macdonald David W. , Linkie Matthew
Published: June 2020

Most species of wild felids are threatened, but for many little is known about their status in the wild. For the cryptic and elusive Vulnerable Sunda clouded leopardNeofelis diardi, key metrics such as abundance and occupancy have been challenging to obtain. We conducted an intensive survey for this species on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. We deployed camera traps across four study areas that varied in elevation and threats, for a total of 28,404 trap nights, resulting in 114 independent clouded leopard photographs, in which we identified 18 individuals. Using a Bayesian spatially explicit capture–recapture analysis, we estimated clouded leopard density to be 0.8–2.4 individuals/100 km2. The highest predicted occurrence of people was at lower altitudes and closer to the forest edge, where we categorized more than two-thirds of people recorded by camera traps as bird poachers, 12.5% each as ungulate/tiger poachers and non-timber collectors, and < 2% as fishers. Our findings provide important insights into the status of this little known species in Sumatra. We recommend that the large volume of camera-trap data from other Sumatran landscapes be used for an island-wide assessment of the clouded leopard population, to provide up-to-date and reliable information for guiding future conservation planning.
Olga Neuwirth, Orlando. Wiener Staatsoper, December 2019.
Authors: Tidrow Thierry
Published: June 2020

The Vienna State Opera made headlines around the world last December, boasting that it had finally commissioned a full-scale opera by a female composer. Olga Neuwirth, known for her difficult, unrestrained character (both musical and personal), was a curious and adventurous choice for the Wiener Staatsoper, the embassy of a conservative cultural landscape and gatekeeper of highbrow art. Choosing Virginia Woolf's seminal novel about a poet who lives through the ages and who one day miraculously changes sexes was a fitting choice for this maverick, whose work blurs the lines between genius – in all its anachronistic complexities – and fremdschämend, the well-established German equivalent of the facepalm, always scoring particularly high on listicles of ‘quintessential German words’.
MULTIMODAL PERFORMER COORDINATION AS A CREATIVE COMPOSITIONAL PARAMETER
Authors: Goves Larry
Published: June 2020

This article looks at a creative trajectory in my recent work, an ongoing exploration of how the coordination of and precise interaction between performers in music-performance can be considered a primary compositional parameter (and perhaps compositional material in its own right). This investigation began with a survey of performer interactions in Olivier Messiaen'sQuatuor pour la fin du tempsand older music of my own. This led to an interest in the entanglement of ‘instrumental theatre’ and compositional scenarios in which performer behaviours, in relation to coordination and interaction, contribute idiosyncratically (i.e. outside of the more typical interpretation/improvisation models) to the music.
Local Order, Policing, and Bribes
Authors: Tellez Juan Fernando , Wibbels Erik , Krishna Anirudh
Published: June 2020

Day-to-day policing represents a fundamental interface between citizens and states. Yet even in the most capable states, local policing varies enormously from one community to the next. The authors seek to understand this variation and in doing so make three contributions: First, they conceptualize communities and individuals as networks more or less capable of demanding high-quality policing. Second, they present original survey data and semistructured interviews on local policing from over one hundred sixty slums, eight thousand households, and one hundred seventy informal neighborhood leaders in India that contribute to the nascent empirical work on comparative policing and order. Third, they find evidence that well-connected individuals and densely connected neighborhoods express greater confidence in and satisfaction with local policing. Critically, these differences do not appear to be a function of a lower propensity for local conflict but rather of an increased capacity to leverage neighborhood leaders to mediate relations with the police. The combination of analytics and empirics in this article provides insight into the conditions under which individuals and communities experience the police as expropriators of rents or neutral providers of order.
Scalar and ad-hoc pragmatic inferences in children: guess which one is easier
Authors: FOPPOLO Francesca , MAZZAGGIO Greta , PANZERI Francesca , SURIAN Luca
Published: June 2020

Several studies investigated preschoolers’ ability to compute scalar and ad-hoc implicatures, but only one compared children's performance with both kinds of implicature with the same task, a picture selection task. In Experiment 1 (N= 58, age: 4;2-6;0), we first show that the truth value judgment task, traditionally employed to investigate children's pragmatic ability, prompts a rate of pragmatic responses comparable to the picture selection task. In Experiment 2 (N= 141, age: 3;8-9;2) we used the picture selection task to compare scalar and ad-hoc implicatures and linked the ability to derive these implicatures to some cognitive and linguistic measures. We found that four- and five-year-olds children performed better on ad-hoc than on scalar implicatures. Furthermore, we found that morphosyntactic competence was associated with success in both kinds of implicatures, while performance on mental state reasoning was positively associated with success on scalar but not ad-hoc implicatures.
Aggression and Older Adults: News Media Coverage across Care Settings and Relationships
Authors: Funk Laura M. , Herron Rachel V. , Spencer Dale , Thomas Starr Lee
Published: June 2020

Systematic, in-depth exploration of news media coverage of aggression and older adults remains sparse, with little attention to how and why particular frames manifest in coverage across differing settings and relationships. Frame analysis was used to analyze 141 English-language Canadian news media articles published between 2008 and 2019. Existing coverage tended towards stigmatizing, fear-inducing, and biomedical framings of aggression, yet also reflected and reinforced ambiguity, most notably around key differences between settings and relations of care. Mainstream news coverage reflects tensions in public understandings of aggression and older adults (e.g., as a medical or criminal issue), reinforced in particular ways because of the nature of news reporting. More nuanced coverage would advance understanding of differences among settings, relationships, and types of actions, and of the need for multifaceted prevention and policy responses based on these differences.
The role of relational support in the longitudinal links between adolescent sexual harassment victimization and psychological health
Authors: Skoog Therése , Kapetanovic Sabina
Published: June 2020

The links between sexual harassment victimization and aspects of psychopathology are well-established in adolescent research, but whether sexual harassment victimization undermines positive aspects of psychological health and the moderating role of relational support in the link between sexual harassment victimization and psychological ill-health remains unknown. Using a cross-lagged model, we examined (a) the bidirectional and longitudinal links between sexual harassment victimization and adolescent psychological health (emotional problems and well-being) and (b) the moderating role of relational support from parents, teachers, and peers (best friends and classmates) in the link between sexual harassment victimization and adolescent psychological health. We used two waves of self-reported data (separated by 1 year) from 676 Swedish adolescents (50% female; mean age = 13.85 years at the point of first data collection). Controlling for the effects of gender and subjective socioeconomic status, the cross-lagged model revealed that sexual harassment predicted emotional problems positively and well-being negatively. Moreover, well-being predicted sexual harassment negatively. Relational support from classmates moderated the link in the direction from sexual harassment victimization to emotional problems. Relational support did not moderate the link to well-being. The findings provide new and important insights into the role of sexual harassment victimization in adolescent psychological adjustment and potential approaches to intervention.
The Pluralist Interpretation of Chinese Marxist Aesthetics in Contemporary European Scholarship
Authors: Fu Qilin , Gao Shubo
Published: June 2020

In Europe there have appeared several important collections on Marxist literary theory, such as Francis Mulhern’s Contemporary Marxist Literary Criticism (1992) and Terry Eagleton and Drew Milne’s Marxist Literary Theory: A Reader (1996). However, Chinese voices are not included at all in these volumes. Maybe this lacuna results from a lack of awareness of Chinese Marxist aesthetics on the part of most European literary historians and critics. In this article, we seek to discuss the circumstances of European scholars’ contacts with Chinese Marxist aesthetics, mainly in the 1960s and 1970s. Starting from the variation theory perspective proposed by Shunqing Cao we will discuss how European scholars read and misread what they perceived as the meaning and universal applicability of what was happening in China at the time. The discussion is divided into three parts: the utopian interpretation of the Chinese theory of revolution in France, the critical reception by Eastern European Marxists, and the sympathetic interpretation by sinologists such as the Dutch diplomat and literary scholar Douwe Fokkema.
Erasmus Medal Lecture 2019, AE GM Barcelona. Re-imagining the Nation: Memory, Identity and the Emotions
Authors: Assmann Aleida
Published: June 2020

The new nationalism emerging across much of Europe is ready to forgo and forget lessons of history that had successfully domesticated and democratized the nations of the EU over the last 70 years. If the nation, however, is an important resource for integration, and integration is seen as a common project for both its citizens and its migrants, how can it be reimaged and supported to live up to this difficult and important task? This article will analyse these problems in the light of new and older concepts.
Green official development Aid and carbon emissions: do institutions matter?
Authors: Li Dmitriy D. , Rishi Meenakshi , Bae Jeong Hwan
Published: June 2020

This paper examines whether green Official Development Aid (ODA) has a significant role in mitigating carbon emissions in recipient countries, and if institutional quality matters for the effectiveness of green ODA. For 86 green ODA recipient countries over the period 2003–2014, we explore the nexus between green ODA, institutions and carbon emissions. By using a two-step system generalized method of moment (GMM), we find that green ODA overall has no direct association with the mitigation of carbon emissions. However, when institutional quality indices are included, we found a significant effect of institutional quality on the effectiveness of green ODA. In general, green ODA is associated with higher carbon emissions in countries with poor institutions. In particular, green ODA is effective in mitigating carbon emissions when channeled to countries that enjoy higher economic freedom as well as more freedom from corruption. Results are mixed for the rule of law.
The spatial effect of estuaries pollution on the housing rental market: evidence from South America
Authors: Zambrano-Monserrate Manuel A. , Ruano Maria Alejandra
Published: June 2020

Estuaries are water bodies, many of which contribute to the sustainable development of cities. Many of them are considered natural landscapes, offering various recreational services to the population. However, estuary degradation is a common problem in developing countries. Ecuador, for example, has a significant problem with the pollution of its estuaries. Machala is one of the most affected cities due to the contamination of these water bodies. This issue has generated negative externalities in the housing market. Thus, our central hypothesis is that rental prices of houses are revalued as their distance from polluted estuaries increases. Using the hedonic pricing approach, our results confirm that the price of a residence increases by US$9.45 for every 100 m farther it is from the closest estuary. This amount constitutes approximately 5.25 per cent of the average rental value in Machala.
Small food store retailers’ views on healthy food retail policy in response to a local staple foods ordinance
Authors: McGuire Cydney M , Winkler Megan R , Lenk Kathleen M , Harnack Lisa , Erickson Darin J , Laska Melissa N
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Our objectives were to explore attitudes regarding food retail policy and government regulation among managers of small food stores and examine whether manager views changed due to the 2014 Minneapolis Staple Foods Ordinance, a city policy requiring retailers to stock specific healthy products.

Design:

Manager interviewer-administered surveys were used to assess views on food retail policy four times from 2014 to 2017. We examined baseline views across manager and store and neighbourhood characteristics using cross-sectional regression analyses and examined changes over time using mixed regression models. In 2017, open-ended survey questions asked about manager insights on the Minneapolis Staple Foods Ordinance.

Setting:

Minneapolis, MN, where the ordinance was enacted, and St. Paul, MN, a control community, USA.

Participants:

Managers from 147 small food retail stores.

Results:

At baseline, 48 % of managers were likely to support a policy requiring stores to stock healthy foods/beverages, 67·5 % of managers were likely to support voluntary programmes to help retailers stock healthy foods and 23·7 % agreed government regulation of business is good/necessary. There was a significant increase in overall support for food retail policies and voluntary programmes from 2014 to 2017 (P < 0·01); however, neither increase differed by city, suggesting no differential impact from the ordinance. Minneapolis store managers reported some challenges with ordinance compliance and offered suggestions for how local government could provide support.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest that managers of small food retail stores are becoming increasingly amenable to healthy food policies; yet, challenges need to be addressed to ensure healthy food is available to all customers.
The Cardio-Med survey tool: development and pilot validation of a FFQ in a multicultural cardiology cohort
Authors: Kucianski Teagan , Thodis Antonia , Vally Hassan , Kouris-Blazos Antigone , Moschonis George , Wilson Andrew , van Gaal William , Tierney Audrey , Itsiopoulos Catherine
Published: June 2020

Objective:

(i) Describe the development of a multipurpose Cardio-Med survey tool (CMST) comprising a semi-quantitative FFQ designed to measure dietary intake in multicultural patients with or at high risk of CVD and (ii) report pilot evaluation of test–retest reliability and validity of the FFQ in measuring energy and nutrient intakes.

Design:

The CMST was developed to identify CVD risk factors and assess diet quality over 1 year using an FFQ. Design of the ninety-three-item FFQ involved developing food portion photographs, and a list of foods appropriate for the Australian multicultural population allowing the capture of adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern. The FFQ was administered twice, 2 weeks apart to assess test–retest reliability, whilst validity was assessed by comparison of the FFQ with a 3-d food record (3DFR).

Setting:

The Northern Hospital and St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

Participants:

Thirty-eight participants aged 34–81 years with CVD or at high risk.

Results:

Test–retest reliability of the FFQ was good: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0·52 (Na) to 0·88 (alcohol) (mean 0·79), with energy and 70 % of measured nutrients being above 0·75. Validity was moderate: ICC ranged from 0·08 (Na) to 0·94 (alcohol) (mean 0·59), with energy and 85 % of measured nutrients being above 0·5. Bland–Altman plots demonstrated good levels of agreement between the FFQ and 3DFR for carbohydrates, protein, alcohol, vitamin D and Na.

Conclusions:

The CMST FFQ demonstrated good test–retest reliability and moderate validity for measuring dietary energy and nutrients in a multicultural Australian cardiology population.
Validating an automated image identification process of a passive image-assisted dietary assessment method: proof of concept
Authors: Chui Tsz-Kiu , Tan Jindong , Li Yan , Raynor Hollie A.
Published: June 2020

Objective:

To validate an automated food image identification system, DietCam, which has not been validated, in identifying foods with different shapes and complexities from passively taken digital images.

Design:

Participants wore Sony SmartEyeglass that automatically took three images per second, while two meals containing four foods, representing regular- (i.e., cookies) and irregular-shaped (i.e., chips) foods and single (i.e., grapes) and complex (i.e., chicken and rice) foods, were consumed. Non-blurry images from the meals’ first 5 min were coded by human raters and compared with DietCam results. Comparisons produced four outcomes: true positive (rater/DietCam reports yes for food), false positive (rater reports no food; DietCam reports food), true negative (rater/DietCam reports no food) or false negative (rater reports food; DietCam reports no food).

Setting:

Laboratory meal.

Participants:

Thirty men and women (25·1 ± 6·6 years, 22·7 ± 1·6 kg/m2, 46·7 % White).

Results:

Identification accuracy was 81·2 and 79·7 % in meals A and B, respectively (food and non-food images) and 78·7 and 77·5 % in meals A and B, respectively (food images only). For food images only, no effect of food shape or complexity was found. When different types of images, such as 100 % food in the image and on the plate, <100 % food in the image and on the plate and food not on the plate, were analysed separately, images with food on the plate had a slightly higher accuracy.

Conclusions:

DietCam shows promise in automated food image identification, and DietCam is most accurate when images show food on the plate.
Atomic Resolution Imaging of Light Elements in a Crystalline Environment using Dynamic Hollow-Cone Illumination Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Brown Hamish G. , Ciston Jim
Published: June 2020

Multiple electron scattering and the nonintuitive nature of image formation with coherent radiation complicate the interpretation of conventional transmission electron microscopy images. Precession of the illuminating beam in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can lead to more robust and interpretable images with some penalty to image contrast, a technique known as dynamic hollow-cone illumination TEM. We demonstrate direct and robust imaging of light and heavy atoms in a crystalline environment with this technique. This method is similar to the annular bright-field technique in scanning transmission electron microscopy, via the principle of reciprocity. Dynamic hollow-cone illumination TEM is challenging in practice due to sensitivity to the misalignment of the precession axis, microscope objective aperture, and crystal zone axis.
Credibility of self-reported health parameters in elderly population
Authors: Amster Roi , Reychav Iris , McHaney Roger , Zhu Lin , Azuri Joseph
Published: June 2020

Aim:

Examining the credibility of self-reported height, weight, and blood pressure by the elderly population using a tablet in a retirement residence, and examining the influence of health beliefs on the self-reporting credibility.

Background:

Obesity is a major problem with rising prevalence in the western world. Hypertension is also a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Self-report, remotely from the clinic, becomes even more essential when patients are encouraged to avoid visiting the clinic as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-reporting of height and weight is suspected of leading to underestimation of obesity prevalence in the population; however, it has not been well studied in the elderly population.

The Health Belief Model tries to predict and explain decision making of patients based on the patient’s health beliefs.

Methods:

Residents of a retirement home network filled a questionnaire about their health beliefs regarding hypertension and obesity and self-reported their height, weight, and blood pressure. Blood pressure, height, and weight were then measured and compared to the patients’ self-reporting.

Findings:

Ninety residents, aged 84.90 ± 5.88, filled the questionnaire. From a clinical perspective, the overall gap between the measured and the self-reported BMI (M = 1.43, SD = 2.72), which represents an absolute gap of 0.74 kilograms and 2.95 centimeters, is expected to have only a mild influence on the physician’s clinical evaluation of the patient’s medical condition. This can allow the physician to estimate their patient’s BMI status before the medical consultation and physical examination upon the patient’s self-reporting. Patients’ dichotomous (normal/abnormal) self-report of their blood pressure condition was relatively credible: positive predictive value (PPV) of 77.78% for normal blood pressure (BP) and 78.57% for abnormal BP. The relatively high PPV of BP self-reporting demonstrates an option for the physician to recognize patients at risk. Regression analysis found no correlation between the anthropometric parameters and the Health Belief Model.
Orthodoxy and the Politics of Christian Subjectivity: A Case Study of the Global Anglican Future Conference (GAFCON)
Authors: Dalwood Charlotte
Published: June 2020

Informed by theories of biopolitics and necropolitics, I argue that Christian orthodoxy is a colonial power formation that manufactures the subjectivities of those within the Church and those without. The operation of biopolitics and necropolitics coalesces around two Christian bodies – the local body and the corporate body catholic – and is thus explicable according to the synthetic framework of ‘body politics.’ Within the body-political calculus, orthodox Christians qualify as genuine lives and, consequently, benefit from biopolitical interventions to promote their flourishing; heretics, by contrast, represent (non-)subjects whose bodies orthodoxy/colonialism consigns to destruction. As a case study to illustrate the import of my theoretical analysis for ecclesiological reflection, I examine the rhetoric of the leaders of the Global Anglican Future Conference (GAFCON), who, despite presenting their movement as a decolonial project, espouse a body-political theology and, therefore, remain firmly within the matrix of Christian colonial orthodoxy.
Modeling with the crowd: Optimizing the human-machine partnership with Zooniverse
Authors: Dickinson Hugh , Fortson Lucy , Scarlata Claudia , Beck Melanie , Walmsley Mike
Published: June 2020

LSST and Euclid must address the daunting challenge of analyzing the unprecedented volumes of imaging and spectroscopic data that these next-generation instruments will generate. A promising approach to overcoming this challenge involves rapid, automatic image processing using appropriately trained Deep Learning (DL) algorithms. However, reliable application of DL requires large, accurately labeled samples of training data. Galaxy Zoo Express (GZX) is a recent experiment that simulated using Bayesian inference to dynamically aggregate binary responses provided by citizen scientists via the Zooniverse crowd-sourcing platform in real time. The GZX approach enables collaboration between human and machine classifiers and provides rapidly generated, reliably labeled datasets, thereby enabling online training of accurate machine classifiers. We present selected results from GZX and show how the Bayesian aggregation engine it uses can be extended to efficiently provide object-localization and bounding-box annotations of two-dimensional data with quantified reliability. DL algorithms that are trained using these annotations will facilitate numerous panchromatic data modeling tasks including morphological classification and substructure detection in direct imaging, as well as decontamination and emission line identification for slitless spectroscopy. Effectively combining the speed of modern computational analyses with the human capacity to extrapolate from few examples will be critical if the potential of forthcoming large-scale surveys is to be realized.
Chemical enrichment of Pop III supernovae in the first galaxies
Authors: Chen Ke-Jung
Published: June 2020

Understanding the formation of the first galaxies (FGs) is one of the most important topics in modern cosmology. In this proceeding, we briefly summarize the results of chemical enrichment from the Pop III supernovae during the assembly of the FGs. This early chemical enrichment plays an important role in triggering the Pop II star formation. Generally speaking, there are two major enrichment channels, inside-out (internal) and outside-in (external). Our results suggest that the external channel of chemical enrichment only works if the Pop III stars are very massive stars of 200–260 M⊙, which produce strong enough radiative feedback and supernova to derive the external metal mixing down to the center of the nearby halo.
Optical properties of infrared-bright dust-obscured galaxies viewed with Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam
Authors: Noboriguchi A. , Nagao T. , Toba Y. , Niida M. , Kajisawa M. , Onoue M. , Matsuoka Y. , Yamashita T. , Chang Y. , Kawaguchi T. , Komiyama Y. , Nobuhara K. , Terashima Y. , Ueda Y.
Published: June 2020

Optical properties of infrared-bright (IR-bright) dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs) are reported. DOGs are faint in optical but very bright in mid-IR, which are powered by active star formation (SF) or active galactic nucleus (AGN), or both. The DOGs is a candidate population that are evolving from a gas-rich merger to a quasar. By combining three catalogs of optical (Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam), near-IR (VIKING), and mid-IR (ALLWISE), we have discovered 571 IR-bright DOGs. Using their spectral energy distributions, we classified the selected DOGs into the SF-dominated DOGs and the AGN-dominated DOGs. We found that the SF-dominated DOGs show a redder optical color than the AGN-dominated DOGs. Interestingly, some DOGs shows extremely blue color in optical (blue-excess DOGs: bluDOGs). A possible origin for this blue excess is either the leaked AGN light or stellar UV light from nuclear starbursts. The BluDOGs may be in the transition phase from obscured AGNs to unobscured AGNs.
Automatic classification of sources in large astronomical catalogs
Authors: Pollo Agnieszka , Solarz Aleksandra , Siudek Małgorzata , Małek Katarzyna , Bilicki Maciej , Krakowski Tomasz , Takeuchi Tsutomu ,   the VIPERS team
Published: June 2020

In this paper we address two questions related to data analysis in large astronomical datasets, and we demonstrate how they can be answered making use of machine learning techniques. The first question is: how to efficiently find previously unknown or rare objects which can be expected to exist in big data samples? Using the largest existing extragalactic all-sky survey, provided by the WISE satellite, we demonstrate that, surprisingly, supervised classification methods can come to aid. The second question is: having a sufficiently large data sample, how can we look for new optimal classification schemes, possibly finding new and previously unknown classes and subclasses of sources? Based on the VIPERS cutting-edge galaxy catalog at redshift z > 0.5, we demonstrate that unsupervised classification methods can give unexpected but physically well-motivated results.
High-resolution radiation transfer modelling of barred galaxies
Authors: Nersesian A. , Verstocken S. , Viaene S. , Baes M.
Published: June 2020

Dust radiative transfer simulations provide us with the unique opportunity to study the heating mechanisms of dust by the stellar radiation field. From 2D observational images we derive the 3D distributions of stars and dust. Our aim is to analyze the contribution of the different stellar populations to the radiative dust heating processes in the nearby face-on barred galaxies NGC 1365, M 83 and M 95. We wish to decompose the FIR-submm SED and quantify the fraction directly related to star formation. To model the complex geometries mentioned above, we used SKIRT, a state-of-the-art, 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code designed to simulate the absorption, scattering and thermal re-emission of dust in a variety of environments. We find that the contribution of the evolved stars (8 Gyr) to the dust heating is non-negligible (∼35%) and can reach as high as 70%. We also find a tight correlation between the heating fraction by the unevolved stars (⩽ 100 Myr) and the specific star formation rate.
Propeties of H alpha emitters at z ∼ 2.3: Derivation of H alpha luminosity from multi-band photometry
Authors: Terao Yasunori , Spitler Lee , Motohara Kentaro
Published: June 2020

The measurement of Hα luminosity for large numbers of galaxies is important to investigate recent star formation history of galaxies. With SED fitting that includes emission line templates, we extract individual galaxy Hα luminosities from broad-band photometry. We compare Hα luminosity function with the result of a narrow-band survey, HiZELS, and find there are more luminous galaxies in Hα than previously reported. As a result, our derived star formation rate density at z ∼ 2.3 turns out to be 2.2 times higher than previous studies. Most of the offset in the results can be explained by missing Hα in the HiZELS photometric aperture and different methods for dust extinction correction.
Subaru/HSC identifications of protocluster candidates atz∼ 6–7: Implications for cosmic reionization
Authors: Higuchi Ryo , Ouchi Masami , Ono Yoshiaki , Shibuya Takatoshi , Toshikawa Jun , Harikane Yuichi , Kojima Takashi , Chiang Yi-Kuan , Egami Eiichi , Kashikawa Nobunari , Overzier Roderik , Konno Akira , Inoue Akio K. , Hasegawa Kenji , Fujimoto Seiji , Goto Tomotsugu , Ishikawa Shogo , Ito Kei , Komiyama Yutaka , Tanaka Masayuki
Published: June 2020

We report fourteen and twenty-eight protocluster candidates atz= 5.7 and 6.6 over 14 and 19 deg2areas, respectively, selected from 2,230 Lyα emitters (LAEs) photometrically identified with Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) deep images. Six out of the 42 protocluster candidates include at least 1 spectroscopically confirmed LAEs at redshifts up toz= 6.574. By the comparisons with the cosmological Lyα radiative transfer (RT) model reproducing LAEs with the reionization effects, we find that more than a half of these protocluster candidates might be progenitors of the present-day clusters with a mass of ≳ 1014M⊙. We also investigate the correlation between LAE overdensity and Lya rest-frame equivalent width (EW), because the cosmological Lyα RT model suggests that a slope of EW-overdensity relation is steepened towards the epoch of cosmic reionization (EoR), due to the existence of the ionized bubbles around galaxy overdensities easing the escape of Lyα emission from the partly neutral intergalactic medium. The available HSC data suggest that the slope of the EW-overdensity correlation does not evolve from the post-reionization epochz= 5.7 to the EoRz= 6.6 beyond the moderately large statistical errors.
The high-fructose intake of dams during pregnancy and lactation exerts sex-specific effects on adult rat offspring metabolism
Authors: Tobar-Bernal Francisca A. , Zamudio Sergio R. , Quevedo-Corona Lucía
Published: June 2020

Experimental studies have demonstrated the effects of maternal fructose consumption during pregnancy and lactation on metabolic alterations in their offspring, especially male offspring. However, few studies have focused on female offspring after providing fructose in food to dam rats. Here, we studied whether offspring of both sexes were differentially affected by a maternal high-fructose diet (HFD). For this purpose, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed during pregnancy and lactation with a standard diet (SD) or a HFD (50% w/w). After weaning, offspring were fed an SD; 3 days later, dams were sacrificed, and their offspring were sacrificed on postnatal day 90. Body weight (BW), food and water intake (only for dams), and various biomarkers of metabolic syndrome were measured. When compared to the SD-fed dams, HFD-fed dams had a reduction in BW and food and water intake. Conversely, adiposity, liver weight, liver lipids, and plasma levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid were increased in HFD-fed dams. Moreover, the BW, food consumption, weight of retroperitoneal fat pads, and liver lipids increased in female and male offspring of HFD-fed dams. Interestingly, the pups of HFD-fed mothers showed increased levels of leptin and insulin resistance and decreased levels of adiponectin which were more pronounced in male offspring than in female offspring. In contrast, a higher increase in BW was shown earlier in female offspring. Thus, high-fructose consumption by dams during pregnancy and lactation led to sex-specific developmental programming of the metabolic syndrome phenotype in adult offspring.
Actual Threat, Perceived Threat, and Authoritarianism: An Experimental Study
Authors: Russo Silvia , Roccato Michele , Merlone Ugo
Published: June 2020

Archival, correlational, and experimental studies converge showing strong links between societal threat and authoritarianism. However, inconsistent with the social cognitive studies showing that our perception of the reality is systematically biased, the literature on the threat-authoritarianism relations has largely ignored the connection between the actual societal threat and its perception. In this study, we analyzed the relation between objective societal threat and authoritarians’ perception of it, hypothesizing that authoritarians would tend to overestimate societal threat and that such overestimation would increase the endorsement of authoritarian attitudes and the preference for authoritarian political systems. Using an experimental approach, we studied the relations between right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), actual societal threat (manipulated as low vs. moderate), and perceived societal threat working with an Italian community sample (N= 209,Mage= 29.70,SD= 9.53, 64.1% women). Actual threat and RWA equally predicted participants’ threat perception, while their interaction did not. In turn, threat perception further increased RWA and support to authoritarian political system. We discussed the results in terms of a vicious circle whereby authoritarians overestimate societal threat and such overestimation reinforces authoritarian attitudes.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Useful Diagnostic Tool in Africa
Authors: Ngome Omary , Rohacek Martin
Published: June 2020

Abstract. In resource limited settings with limited tests and diagnostic tools, most of diagnoses are based on clinical findings, and patients are managed empirically, e.g. with anti-tuberculosis drugs. This article aims at describing the use of point-of-care ultrasound in diagnosing the most important conditions in Africa, in addition to clinical work-up. Different protocols exist for the diagnosis of trauma-related disorders, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, thromboembolism, causes of dyspnea, and non- traumatic shock. Point-of-care ultrasound might be a beneficial tool in Africa, aiding diagnostics and management of patients with these conditions. However, studies must be done to assess the impact of point-of-care ultrasound on mortality.
Comparing Blended Learning with Faculty-Led Ultrasound Training: Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial (The SIGNATURE Trial)
Authors: Hari Roman , Kälin Kaspar , Harris Michael , Walter Robin , Serra Andreas
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Background: Ultrasound is increasingly used in clinical practice as a bedside tool. As medical graduates first encounter the technique in early residency, ultrasound training needs to be integrated into the undergraduate curriculum. In Switzerland, abdominal ultrasound skills have been taught by a faculty-led, 21-hour course. However, this course does not have sufficient capacity to meet the increasing demand, and there have been doubts about its effectiveness as a teaching method. We therefore developed a 21-hour blended-learning course, comprising five hours of e-learning and 16 hours of near-peer tutoring. This study investigates whether this new teaching format is as good as, or superior to, the faculty-led method. Methods: The SIGNATURE study is an investigator-initiated, two-arm, randomised controlled trial, enrolling 152 medical students at the Universities of Bern, Fribourg and Zurich. Stratified by study site, students are 1:1 randomised to either the blended-learning course or the faculty-led 2.5-day ultrasound course. Students undergo a six-station objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and complete an online questionnaire immediately after the course and 6 months later. Discussion: If demonstrated to be effective, the blended-learning course would allow an increase in the number of undergraduate medical students that can acquire ultrasound skills before starting their residencies.
Experienced Category Variability Modulates the Impact of Context on Evaluative Judgments
Authors: Prada Marília , Garcia-Marques Teresa
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Data from two experiments show that the experienced structure of a category (i.e., as having high vs. low variability) modulates the impact of context on evaluative judgments of individual exemplars. Target objects (unfamiliar in Experiment 1 and familiar in Experiment 2) were primed with positive and negative images while varying the number (Experiment 1) or typicity (Experiment 2) of exemplars known from a category prior to the judgment task. The results show that evaluations of object valence were more influenced by valenced context cues in high than in low variability category conditions. These results are taken as evidence that more varied exemplar-based category representations facilitate context effects on stimulus evaluation.
Parsing for Position
Authors: Lobina David J. , García-Albea José E. , Demestre Josep
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Monitoring tasks have long been employed in psycholinguistics, and the end-of-clause effect is possibly the better-known result of using this technique in the study of parsing. Recent results with the tone-monitoring task suggest that tone position modulates cognitive load, as reflected in reaction times (RTs): the earlier the tone appears in a sentence, the longer the RTs. In this study, we show that verb position is also an important factor. In particular, changing the time/location at which verb–noun(s) dependencies are computed during the processing of a sentence has a clear effect on cognitive load and, as a result, on the resources that can be devoted to monitoring and responding to a tone. This study is based on two pieces of evidence. We first report the acceptability ratings of six word orders in Spanish and then present monitoring data with three of these different word orders. Our results suggest that RTs tend to be longer if the verb is yet to be processed, pointing to the centrality of a sentence’s main verb in parsing in general.
Effects of Input Modality on Vocal Effector Prioritization in Manual–Vocal Dual Tasks
Authors: Hoffmann Mareike A. , Westermann Melanie , Pieczykolan Aleks , Huestegge Lynn
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Doing two things at once (vs. one in isolation) usually yields performance costs. Such decrements are often distributed asymmetrically between the two actions involved, reflecting different processing priorities. A previous study (Huestegge & Koch, 2013) demonstrated that the particular effector systems associated with the two actions can determine the pattern of processing priorities: Vocal responses were prioritized over manual responses, as indicated by smaller performance costs (associated with dual-action demands) for the former. However, this previous study only involved auditory stimulation (for both actions). Given that previous research on input–output modality compatibility in dual tasks suggested that pairing auditory input with vocal output represents a particularly advantageous mapping, the question arises whether the observed vocal-over-manual prioritization was merely a consequence of auditory stimulation. To resolve this issue, we conducted a manual–vocal dual task study using either only auditory or only visual stimuli for both responses. We observed vocal-over-manual prioritization in both stimulus modality conditions. This suggests that input–output modality mappings can (to some extent) attenuate, but not abolish/reverse effector-based prioritization. Taken together, effector system pairings appear to have a more substantial impact on capacity allocation policies in dual-task control than input–output modality combinations.
Thermodynamics of Fast Ice off the Northeast Coast of Greenland (79°N) Over a Full Year (2012–2013)
Authors: Wang Caixin , Negrel Jean , Gerland Sebastian , Divine Dmitry V. , Dodd Paul , Granskog Mats A.
Published: June 2020

Norske Øer Ice Barrier (NØIB) is a vast region of fast ice off northeast Greenland. To understand its thermodynamics, an ice mass balance buoy (IMB) was deployed in late August 2012. The IMB operated for a full year, providing unique year‐round observations of air, snow, ice, and upper ocean. Here, we examine atmospheric conditions and snow and sea ice evolution, derive the ocean heat flux at the deployment site, and investigate the effect of snow on the sea ice mass balance. Although an extremely low surface air temperature of −52°C was recorded at the IMB site, the sum of freezing‐degree days (4,848 K·d) is similar to that in the central Arctic. The maximum snow depth 0.73 m (on 29 May 2013, when ice was 2.19 m thick) is thicker than typically observed on level Arctic landfast ice and drift ice, and thick snow appears common in this region. Ocean heat flux was large in autumn and early winter (>7 W m−2), attributed in part to local solar heating of surface waters in summer and advected ocean heat later in the year. The combination of high ocean heat flux and thick snow resulted in a net loss of ice at the ice bottom over the year. A one‐dimensional sea ice model suggests that the thick snow cover limits bottom ice growth significantly. The heavy snow load could potentially have contributed 0.29 m snow ice; however, we cannot unambiguously prove this happened.
Modeling the Dielectric Properties of Minerals From Crystals to Bulk Powders for Improved Interpretation of Asteroid Radar Observations
Authors: Hickson D. C. , Boivin A. L. , Tsai C. A. , Daly M. G. , Ghent R. R.
Published: June 2020

Planetary radar has provided a growing number of data sets on the inner planets and near‐Earth and main belt asteroid populations in the solar system. Physical interpretation of radar data for inference of surface properties requires constraints on the constitutive parameters of the material making up a given surface. In this study, the complex permittivity of seven minerals as a function of frequency and porosity is measured using the coaxial transmission line method to determine the mixing equation that best describes the relationship between the real part of the complex permittivity of single mineral crystals and granular mineral powders. We find the Looyenga‐Landau‐Lifshitz and Bruggeman symmetric mixing equations to describe our experimental results with the highest accuracy. The variation in the real part of the permittivity of solid mineral crystals between different minerals is shown to depend on the grain density and the chemical composition of the minerals. These mixing relationships are incorporated into an asteroid radar model and used to calculate the porosity in the near‐surface of seven asteroids visited by robotic spacecraft using Earth‐based radar observations. The results of the asteroid radar model support the presence of significant porosity in the boulders on the surface of asteroid 101955 Bennu. This research highlights the ability of radar to measure the porosity on asteroid surfaces and provides theoretical and experimental justification for the inversion of permittivity to bulk density assumed by the asteroid radar model.