bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verification of radical pair mechanism predictions for weak magnetic field effects on superoxide in planarians
Authors: Rishabh  , Vučković Jana , Zadeh-Haghighi Hadi , Beane Wendy S. , Simon Christoph
Published: November 2024

Superoxide concentration and tissue regeneration in planarians exhibit a complex non-monotonic dependence on the strength of an applied weak magnetic field. While this is difficult to understand based on classical physics, a recently proposed quantum model based on a flavinsuperoxide radical pair mechanism could replicate the previously observed superoxide concentrations. However, this model also predicts increased superoxide concentrations for both lower and higher fields. This seemed to conflict with earlier experimental observations on blastema sizes, which were correlated with superoxide in the previously observed regime but were known not to follow the predicted trends for lower and higher fields. Motivated by this apparent contradiction, we here directly experimentally tested the predictions of the quantum model for superoxide for lower and higher fields. To our own surprise, our experiments confirmed the predictions of the radical pair model for superoxide, and incorporating interactions with multiple nuclei further improved the model’s agreement with the experimental data. While open questions remain regarding the exact relationship between blastema sizes and superoxide, which is revealed to be more complex than previously observed, and the detailed properties of the underlying radical pair, our results significantly support a quantum biological explanation for the observed magnetic field effects.
Structural molecular and developmental evidence for cell-type diversity in cnidarian mechanosensory neurons
Authors: Baranyk Julia , Malir Kristen , A. P. Silva Miguel , Rieck Sakura , Scheve Gracie , Nakanishi Nagayasu
Published: November 2024

Deploying a conserved mechanosensory neuron known as the concentric hair cell, cnidarians have evolved diverse mechanoreceptors from hydroid filiform tentacles to jellyfish statocysts. However, it is unknown whether cnidarian mechanoreceptor evolution has relied solely on repurposing a single ancestral mechanosensory neuron type. Here we report evidence for cell-type diversity of mechanosensory neurons in sea-anemone cnidarianNematostella vectensis.Uncovered in the ectoderm of feeding tentacles are conventional type I hair cells and previously unrecognized type II hair cells differing in the structure of apical sensory apparatus and synapses. Moreover, we identify TRP channel-encoding genepolycystin-1as a type-II-hair-cell-specific essential mediator of gentle touch response. Ontogenically, type I and type II hair cells derive from distinct postmitotic precursors that begin forming at different phases of larval development. Taken together, our findings suggest that anatomically, molecularly, and developmentally distinct mechanosensory neurons diversified within Cnidaria, or prior to the divergence of Cnidaria and Bilateria.
Filamentation profile reveals several transcription regulators that contribute to differences betweenCandida albicansandCandida dubliniensis
Authors: Meza-Davalos Teresa , García-Ortega Luis F. , Mancera Eugenio
Published: November 2024

Candida dubliniensisis the most closely related species toC. albicans,one of the leading causes of fungal infections in humans. However, despite sharing many characteristics,C. dubliniensisis significantly less pathogenic. To better understand the molecular underpinnings of these dissimilarities, we focused on the regulation of filamentation, a developmental trait fundamental for host colonization. We generated a collection of 44C. dubliniensisnull mutants of transcription regulators whose orthologs inC. albicanshad been previously implicated in filamentous growth. These regulators are very similar at the sequence level, but phenotypic screening identified several mutants with contrasting interspecific filamentation phenotypes, beyond previously known differences. Bcr1, a well-known regulator of biofilm formation, stands out as its mutant only showed a filamentation defect inC. dubliniensis. Phenotypic and transcriptional characterization showed that thebcr1defect is condition dependent and that this regulator plays a central role in the filamentation ofC. dubliniensis, possibly by regulating the hyphal activator Ume6. Overall, our results suggest that several regulatory pathways are involved in the filamentation differences betweenC. albicansandC. dubliniensisand show that theC. dubliniensismutant collection is a valuable resource to compare, at a molecular level, these two species of medical relevance.

AUTHOR SUMMARY

The yeastCandida albicansis one of the most important fungal pathogens for humans. Its ability to form filamentous cells is central for the colonization of the human body. AlthoughCandida dubliniensis, the closest known relative toC. albicans, is also able to filament, it is a much rarer cause of disease. Part of the virulence differences between these species have been attributed to their filamentation dissimilarities, but we are just starting to understand the regulatory pathways that control filamentation inC. dubliniensis. Here, we generated a collection of gene-deletion mutants inC. dubliniensisof the orthologs of transcription regulators that have been associated with filamentation inC. albicans. Comparative profile of the collection revealed that several regulators contribute to the filamentation dissimilarities between the two species. Among these, our results identified Bcr1 as a regulator with a prominent role controlling filamentation inC. dubliniensis, showing that its target genes have considerably changed betweenC. albicansandC. dubliniensis. Our findings and the collection of mutants that we generated open new opportunities to better understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenicity of these clinically important microorganisms.
Human eIF2A has a minimal role in translation initiation and in uORF-mediated translational control
Authors: Roiuk Mykola , Neff Marilena , Teleman Aurelio A.
Published: November 2024

Initiation of translation on eukaryotic mRNAs requires a 40S ribosome loaded with an initiator tRNA in order to scan for, and to identify, an initiation codon. Under most conditions, the initiator tRNA is recruited to the ribosome as part of a ternary complex composed of initiator tRNA, eIF2 and GTP. Although this function of recruiting the initiator tRNA was originally ascribed to another factor, eIF2A, it was later disproven and shown to belong to eIF2. Nonetheless, eIF2A is still considered a translation initiation factor because it binds the ribosome and shows genetic interactions with other initiation factors such as eIF4E. The exact function of eIF2A during translation initiation, however, remains unclear. We systematically test here by ribosome profiling and luciferase reporter assays the role of eIF2A in translation initiation, including translation of upstream ORFs that are either initiated with a canonical AUG or near-cognate codons. Since eIF2A is thought to take over the function of eIF2 when eIF2 is inhibited, we also test conditions where the integrate stress response is activated, thereby leading to eIF2 inactivation. In none of our assays, however, could we detect a role of eIF2A in translation initiation. We propose that instead eIF2A may be playing a function related to other aspects of RNA biology.
Integrative Computational Framework,Dyscovr, Links Mutated Driver Genes to Expression Dysregulation Across 19 Cancer Types
Authors: Geraghty Sara , Boyer Jacob A. , Fazel-Zarandi Mahya , Arzouni Nibal , Ryseck Rolf-Peter , McBride Matthew J. , Parsons Lance R. , Rabinowitz Joshua D. , Singh Mona
Published: November 2024

Though somatic mutations play a critical role in driving cancer initiation and progression, the systems-level functional impacts of these mutations—particularly, how they alter expression across the genome and give rise to cancer hallmarks—are not yet well-understood, even for well-studied cancer driver genes. To address this, we designed an integrative machine learning model, Dyscovr, that leverages mutation, gene expression, copy number alteration (CNA), methylation, and clinical data to uncover putative relationships between nonsynonymous mutations in key cancer driver genes and transcriptional changes across the genome. We applied Dyscovr pan-cancer and within 19 individual cancer types, finding both broadly relevant and cancer type-specific links between driver genes and putative targets, including a subset we further identify as exhibiting negative genetic relationships. Our work newly implicates–and validates in cell lines–KBTBD2and mutantPIK3CAas putative synthetic lethals in breast cancer, suggesting a novel combinatorial treatment approach.

HIGHLIGHTS

Integrative framework Dyscovr links mutations within cancer drivers to downstream expression changes

Dyscovr uncovers known and novel targets of cancer-driver genes

Dyscovr reveals clinically important negative genetic interaction pairings

Web platform to explore uncovered driver gene-target relationships

eTOC BLURB

An integrative computational framework, Dyscovr, links mutated cancer driver genes to expression changes in putative target genes within and across 19 TCGA cancer types. Dyscovr’s results include experimentally verifiable synthetic lethal driver-target pairings.

Graphical abstract
Beyond the Surface: Revealing the Depths of Brain Activity by Predicting fMRI from EEG with Deep Learning
Authors: Semenkov Ilia , Rudych Pavel , Ossadtchi Alex
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are the two most commonly used non-invasive methods for studying brain function, having different but complementary strengths: high temporal resolution of the former and high spatial resolution of the latter. Crucially, fMRI is vital for studying subcortical areas, as those are practically out of reach for conventional EEG. At the same time, EEG is cost-effective and, thus, often preferable to fMRI if comparable information could be extracted which is not the case then the deep subcortical brain activity is of interest. Here we explore the possibility of recovering subcortical hemodynamics from the non-invasively recorded scalp EEG signals. To this end, we have developed a lightweight EEG-to-fMRI neural network and using an extended and publicly available dataset with concurrently recorded EEG-fMRI data show that our model allows for the prediction of the detailed Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) activity of 7 bilaterally symmetric subcortical structures solely from multichannel EEG data. We report the performance significantly above chance and exceeding the scores achieved for a single subcortical structure and obtained on the proprietary datasets. In contrast to the studies focusing on a single subcortical region in our approach we were able to decode multichannel EEG into 14 + 4 region-specific variations of BOLD signals measured relative to their mean hemodynamic activity. The use of relative BOLD signals allowed us to exert control over the artificial inflation of decoding accuracy scores when the decoder predicts the common mode component that is likely to have a non-neuronal origin (heartbeat, movement, etc). Finally, we interpreted our model. The electrical activity of the sensorimotor cortex appeared to contribute most to the prediction of the subcortical hemodynamics. Also, the hemodynamics of the thalamus has the smallest delay with respect to the EEG signals. Both observations are physiologically plausible and ensure the potential reliability of the decoder. Taken together, these findings pave the road towards the creation of low-cost AI-powered EEG-based fMRI digital twin technology capable of tracking subcortical activity in an ecological setting. The technology, once mature, will find numerous applications from fundamental neuroscience through diagnostics to neurorehabilitation and affective neurointerfaces.12
Transcriptional antitermination integrates the expression of loci of diverse phage origin in the chimericBartonellaGene Transfer Agent BaGTA
Authors: Korotaev Aleksandr , Niggli Quirin , Dehio Christoph
Published: November 2024

Gene Transfer Agents (GTAs) are mobile genetic elements derived from bacteriophages that mediate genome-wide horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in diverse groups of prokaryotes. BaGTA, encoded by all the pathogens of the genusBartonella, is a chimeric GTA that evolved by the domestication of two phages. The run-off-replication module ROR of one phage is integrated with the capsid production, DNA packaging and lysis machinery Bgt of a second phage. Restricted to a self-sacrifying subset of the bacterial population, the position-specific DNA amplification and packaging of a genomic plasticity region enriched for genes involved in host interaction and adaptation selectively enhances the HGT frequency of these pathogenicity genes. This feature of BaGTA is considered a key innovation underlying the evolutionary success ofBartonella. Little is known, however, about the mechanism mediating the coordinated expression of therorandbgtloci. Here, we established the regulatory hierarchy, withroracting upstream of the capsid gene clusterbgtA-K. BrrG, encoded by therorlocus, controls the transcription of thebgtA-Koperon by functioning as a processive antiterminator. This study provides the first insights into the mechanism controlling the coordinated expression of the two BaGTA modules of divergent phage origin. Beyond BaGTA, we propose that antitermination is a broadly relevant mechanism for controlling HGT by GTAs of the Alphaproteobacteria.
A sequential event-responsive fluorescent reporter for inducible Cre and Flp combinatorial recombination
Authors: Pessina Giada , Camera Mattia , Loiacono Fabrizio , Uccelli Antonio , Benfenati Fabio , Medini Paolo , Trovato Francesco , Sato Sebastian Sulis
Published: November 2024

Current technologies for precise genetic manipulation of cells often utilize site-specific recombinases, enabling the creation of conditional transgenic models for studying gene functions in specific tissues and at defined time windows. The advent of drug-inducible recombinases has further enhanced this field by allowing temporal control of gene expression. However, detecting gene expression patterns when multiple recombinases are used is challenging, particularly when visualizing combinatorial maps and their temporal profile. To address this, we developed Rubik, a fluorescent genetic reporter specifically designed to monitor the action of Cre and Flp recombinases by expressing different fluorophores depending on the temporal sequence of recombination events. Rubik offers four alternative fluorescent configurations: blue for Cre recombination, green for Flp recombination, yellow for Cre followed by Flp recombination, and red for Flp followed by Cre recombination. Additionally, Rubik integrates light-gated ion channels, allowing optogenetic excitation or inhibition of electrically-excitable cells based on the temporal sequence of recombination events. Moreover, to add temporal control over Rubik recombination, we optimized a trimethoprim-inducible FlpO recombinase (FlpO-DD) to use in combination with the tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase (ERT2CreERT2). We validated Rubik by generating a stable knock-in HeLa cell line using CRISPR-Cas9 and single-cell sorting. Our results confirmed the effective functioning of Rubik with Cre and Flp recombinases and showed the ability to induce selective recombination via either tamoxifen or trimethoprim. This system holds potential for neuroscience research, particularly in generating knock-in mice expressing Rubik, which could be instrumental in precisely defining the roles of specific neuronal populations based on Cre and Flp activity.
Two-dimensional perisaccadic visual mislocalization in rhesus macaque monkeys
Authors: Baumann Matthias P. , Hafed Ziad M.
Published: November 2024

Perceptual localization of brief, high contrast perisaccadic visual probes is grossly erroneous. While this phenomenon has been extensively studied in humans, more needs to be learned about its underlying neural mechanisms. This ideally requires running similar behavioral paradigms in animals. However, during neurophysiology, neurons encountered in the relevant sensory and sensory-motor brain areas for visual mislocalization can have arbitrary, non-cardinal response field locations. This necessitates using mislocalization paradigms that can work with any saccade direction. Here, we first established such a paradigm in three male rhesus macaque monkeys. In every trial, the monkeys generated a visually-guided saccade towards an eccentric target. Once a saccade onset was detected, we presented a brief flash at one of three possible locations ahead of the saccade target location. After an experimentally-imposed delay period, we removed the saccade target, and the monkeys were then required to generate a memory-guided saccade towards the remembered flash location. All three monkeys readily learned the task, and, like humans, they all showed strong backward mislocalization towards the saccade target, which recovered for later flashes from the saccade time. Importantly, we then replicated a well-known property of human perisaccadic mislocalization, as revealed by two-dimensional mislocalization paradigms: that mislocalization is strongest for upward saccades. For horizontal saccades, we additionally found stronger mislocalization for upper visual field flashes, again consistent with humans. Our results establish a robust two-dimensional mislocalization paradigm in monkeys, and they pave the way for exploring the neural mechanisms underlying the dependence of perisaccadic mislocalization strength on saccade direction.

Significance

Visual perception is strongly altered around the time of saccades. Such alteration is often studied by characterizing how brief perisaccadic visual flashes are perceptually localized. While the properties of visual mislocalization have been exhaustively studied, the underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive, and this is due to a lack of suitable behavioral paradigms in animal models. We describe such a paradigm for macaques, which are ideal for exploring sensory-motor neural processes related to perisaccadic mislocalization.
A deep neural network to de-noise single-cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Sharifitabar Mohsen , Kazempour Shiva , Razavian Javad , Sajedi Sogand , Solhjoo Soroosh , Zare Habil
Published: November 2024

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), a powerful technique for investigating the transcriptome of individual cells, enables the discovery of heterogeneous cell populations, rare cell types, and transcriptional dynamics in separate cells. Yet, scRNA-seq data analysis is limited by the problem of measurement dropouts, i.e., genes displaying zero expression levels. We introduce ZiPo, a deep artificial neural network for rate estimation and library size prediction in scRNA-seq data which incorporates adjustable zero inflation in the distribution to capture the dropouts. ZiPo builds upon established concepts, including using deep autoencoders and adopting the Poisson and negative binomial distributions, by taking advantage of novel strategies, including library size prediction and residual connections, to improve the overall performance. A significant innovation of ZiPo is the introduction of a scale-invariant loss term, making the weights sparse and, hence, the model biologically more interpretable. ZiPo quickly handles vast singular and mixed datasets, with the processing time directly proportional to the number of cells. In this paper, we demonstrate the power of ZiPo on three datasets and show its advantages over other current techniques. The code used to produce the results in this manuscript is available at https://bitbucket.org/habilzare/ alzheimer/src/master/code/deep/ZiPo/.
Transcriptional Regulatory Logic Orchestrating Lymphoid and Myeloid Cell Fate Decisions
Authors: Godini Rasoul , Chopin Michaël
Published: November 2024

The differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into diverse blood and immune cells is a complex, highly hierarchical process characterized by a series of tightly regulated steps. It involves a sequence of intermediate oligo-potent progenitors making successive binary decisions. This process gradually narrows down lineage possibilities until a final fate is reached. This step-wise process is tightly controlled by Transcription Factors (TFs) and their associated regulome ultimately resulting the differentiation of both lymphoid and myeloid compartments. Here, we set to unravel the lineage-specific gene regulatory circuitry controlling the development of B cells, T cells, Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs), and Dendritic Cells (DCs). We employ Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to characterize gene modules associated to the lymphoid or myeloid cell fate, enabling the identification of lineage restricted TFs based on their expression patterns. By identifying TFs whose expression is subset-restricted or those with a broader expression in the hematopoietic compartment we construct a regulatory logic that potentially controls the development of these key immune cells. Our results point to conserved regulatory elements between ILCs, Natural Killer cells, and DCs. This analysis unravels an intricate relationship between each cell types and how the expression of key TFs dictate lineage specificity. We particularly dissect the elements associated to conventional DCs and plasmacytoid DCs. In conclusion, our findings shed new lights on regulatory mechanisms controlling blood cell development and offer a blueprint that can be leveraged to better understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning blood cell development.
Shared Rhythm to Shared Vision: Synchronous Marching increases Conformity on Perceptual Decision making
Authors: Biswas Manisha , Brass Marcel
Published: November 2024

Previous research on synchronous movement rituals have found that it increased prosocial propensity toward the synchronised group and reliance on the group opinions. However, whether basic cognitive processes such as perceptual decision-making are affected by synchronous movement remains unexplored. In this novel virtual reality experiment, we examined whether marching synchronously with a group can induce greater informational conformity on an unrelated perceptual task (forced choice random dot motion). We found higher degree of conformity following synchronised marching during low stimulus information. This finding indicates that synchronised movement induces minimal group membership expressed via increased self-other blurring and conformity. Thus, participation in movement-based rituals has the capacity to change our perception of the world to align more closely with the synchronised group.
The balance stabilising benefit of social touch: influence of an individual’s age and the partner’s relative body characteristics
Authors: Schulleri Katrin H. , Lee Dongheui , Johannsen Leif
Published: November 2024

Interpersonal touch (IPT) is a successful strategy to support the stability of and individual’s body balance during a multitude of activities in daily life, including physical education and therapy. Despite common practice, however, the influence of an individual’s anthropometry and other personal characteristics, such as age, balancing skills, motor experience, and sex as well as interindividual differences in these characteristics between interaction partners on the balance stabilising benefit of social touch is unknown.

We assessed an individual’s balance stability and change due to IPT provision during single-legged stance in 72 pairs (age range 4 to 63 years) under four sensory conditions: with or without vision in combination with IPT or without. Two participant subgroups were created: one of more vulnerable with low stability and one of more stable, mature participants. Best fitting multiple linear regression models, including moderating variables, for explaining the benefit of IPT in each visual condition indicated that without vision, an individual’s benefit of IPT was determined by their balancing skill and the partner-related difference in balancing skill but not by any other factors or partner-related differences. Especially vulnerable individuals improved considerably with IPT when vision was unavailable. With vision complementing IPT, however, an individual’s age-dependent motor developmental potential became an additional moderating factor.

These findings indicate that the extent to which IPT is benefitting mutual balance stabilisation does not depend on biomechanical factors. Instead, the IPT benefit emerges as a product of both partners’ sensorimotor capabilities moderated by a person’s motor developmental potential when visual feedback could be utilised. We discuss a theoretical framework that accounts for the observed dependencies of the effect of haptic social support on balance control.

Significance Statement

This work contributes to a better understanding of the factors influencing the benefit of interpersonal touch for balance stabilization across a wide age range from children to senior adults. It is the first work that investigates the role of both individual factors and relative differences between interaction partners on the amount of benefit of IPT and takes moderating factors such as age-related motor developmental potential, sex, and body mass index into account. Future studies can build on this work when selecting or simulating an optimal partner, especially for individuals with postural instability, for example due to age or sensorimotor deficits.
The chromatin landscape of the histone-possessingBacteriovoraxbacteria
Authors: Marinov Georgi K. , Doughty Benjamin , Kundaje Anshul , Greenleaf William J.
Published: November 2024

Histone proteins have traditionally been thought to be restricted to eukaryotes and most archaea, with eukaryotic nucleosomal histones deriving from their archaeal ancestors. In contrast, bacteria lack histones as a rule. However, histone proteins have recently been identified in a few bacterial clades, most notably the phylum Bdellovibrionota, and these histones have been proposed to exhibit a range of divergent features compared with histones in archaea and eukaryotes. However, no functional genomic studies of the properties of Bdellovibrionota chromatin have been carried out. In this work, we map the landscape of chromatin accessibility, active transcription, and three-dimensional (3D) genome organization in a member of Bdellovibrionota (aBacteriovoraxstrain). We find that, similar to what is observed in some archaea and in eukaryotes with compact genomes such as yeast,Bacteriovoraxchromatin is characterized by preferential accessibility around promoter regions. Similar to eukaryotes, chromatin accessibility inBacteriovoraxpositively correlates with gene expression. Mapping active transcription through single-strand DNA (ssDNA) profiling revealed that unlike in yeast, but similar to the state of mammalian and fly promoters,Bacteriovoraxpromoters exhibit very strong polymerase pausing. Finally, similar to that of other bacteria without histones, theBacteriovoraxgenome exists in a 3D configuration organized by the parABS system along the axis defined by replication origin and termination regions. These results provide a foundation for understanding the chromatin biology of the unique Bdellovibrionota bacteria and the functional diversity in chromatin organization across the tree of life.
KAS-ATAC reveals the genome-wide single-stranded accessible chromatin landscape of the human genome
Authors: Kim Samuel H. , Marinov Georgi K. , Greenleaf William J.
Published: November 2024

Gene regulation in most eukaryotes involves two fundamental processes: alterations in genome packaging by nucleosomes, with activecis-regulatory elements (CREs) generally characterized by open-chromatin configuration, and transcriptional activation. Mapping these physical properties and biochemical activities, through profiling chromatin accessibility and active transcription, is a key tool for understanding the logic and mechanisms of transcription and its regulation. However, the relationship between these two states has not been accessible to simultaneous measurement. To this end, we developed KAS-ATAC, a combination of the kethoxal-assisted ssDNA sequencing (KAS-seq) and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) methods for mapping single-stranded DNA (and thus active transcription) and chromatin accessibility, respectively, enabling the genome-wide identification of DNA fragments that are simultaneously accessible and contain ssDNA. We use KAS-ATAC to evaluate levels of active transcription over different CRE classes, to estimate absolute levels of transcribed accessible DNA over CREs, to map nucleosomal configurations associated with RNA polymerase activities, and to assess transcription factor association with transcribed DNA through transcription factor binding site (TFBS) footprinting. We observe lower levels of transcription over distal enhancers compared with promoters and distinct nucleosomal configurations around transcription initiation sites associated with active transcription. We find that most TFs associate equally with transcribed and nontranscribed DNA, but a few factors specifically do not exhibit footprints over ssDNA-containing fragments. We anticipate KAS-ATAC to continue to derive useful insights into chromatin organization and transcriptional regulation in other contexts in the future.
Anomalies in Hadronic
B
Decays
Authors: Berthiaume Raphaël , Bhattacharya Bhubanjyoti , Boumris Rida , Jean Alexandre , Kumbhakar Suman , London David
Published: November 2024

In this Letter, we perform fits to B→PP decays, where B={B0,B+,Bs0} and the pseudoscalar P={π,K}, under the assumption of flavor SU(3) symmetry [SU(3)F]. Although the fits to

Δ

S

=

0

or ΔS=1 decays individually are good, the combined fit is very poor: there is a 3.6σ disagreement with the SU(3)F limit of the standard model (SMSU(3)F). One can remove this discrepancy by adding SU(3)F-breaking effects, but 1000% SU(3)F breaking is required. The above results are rigorous, group theoretically—no dynamical assumptions have been made. When one adds an assumption motivated by QCD factorization, the discrepancy with the SMSU(3)F grows to 4.4σ.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Polarized Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering at Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order in QCD
Authors: Bonino Leonardo , Gehrmann Thomas , Löchner Markus , Schönwald Kay , Stagnitto Giovanni
Published: November 2024

Semi-inclusive hadron production in longitudinally polarized deep-inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering is a powerful tool for resolving the quark flavor decomposition of the proton’s spin structure. We present the full next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the coefficient functions of polarized semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) in analytical form, enabling the use of SIDIS measurements in precision studies of the proton spin structure. The numerical impact of these corrections is illustrated by a comparison with data of polarized single-inclusive hadron spectra from the DESY HERMES and CERN COMPASS experiments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Deforming Ice with Drops
Authors: van Buuren Duco , Kant Pallav , Meijer Jochem G. , Diddens Christian , Lohse Detlef
Published: November 2024

A uniform solidification front undergoes nontrivial deformations when encountering an insoluble dispersed particle in a melt. For solid particles, the overall deformation characteristics are primarily dictated by heat transfer between the particle and the surrounding, remaining unaffected by the rate of approach of the solidification front. In this Letter we show that, conversely, when interacting with a droplet or a bubble, the deformation behavior exhibits entirely different and unexpected behavior. It arises from an interfacial dynamics which is specific to particles with free interfaces, namely, thermal Marangoni forces. Our Letter employs a combination of experiments, theory, and numerical simulations to investigate the interaction between the droplet and the freezing front and unveils its surprising behavior. In particular, we quantitatively understand the dependence of the front deformation Δ on the front propagation velocity, set by the strength of the applied thermal gradient, which, for larger front velocities (larger applied thermal gradients), can even revert from attraction (Δ<0) to repulsion (Δ>0).

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Many-body Liouvillian dynamics with a non-Hermitian tensor-network kernel polynomial algorithm
Authors: Chen Guangze , Lado Jose L. , Song Fei
Published: November 2024

Understanding the dynamics of open quantum many-body systems is a major problem in quantum matter. Specifically, efficiently solving the spectrum of the Liouvillian superoperator governing such dynamics remains a critical open challenge. Here, we put forward a method for solving the many-body Liouvillian spectrum and dynamics based on the non-Hermitian kernel polynomial method and tensor-network techniques. We demonstrate the faithfulness of our method by computing the dynamics of the dephasing quantum compass model with a gradient magnetic field and comparing it with exact results. In particular, we show that our method allows us to characterize the quantum Zeno crossover and the reduction of relaxation rate due to Stark localization in this model. We further demonstrate the ability of our method to go beyond exact results by exploring nearest-neighbor interaction effects on the Liouvillian dynamics, elucidating the interplay between Stark localization and many-body interactions. Our method provides an efficient solution to many-body Liouvillian spectrum and dynamics, establishing a methodology to explore large open quantum many-body systems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Classical variational optimization of a PREPARE circuit for quantum phase estimation of quantum chemistry Hamiltonians
Authors: Morisaki Hayata , Mitarai Kosuke , Fujii Keisuke , Nakagawa Yuya O.
Published: November 2024

We propose a method for constructing circuits for quantum phase estimation of a molecular Hamiltonian in quantum chemistry by using variational optimization of quantum circuits solely on classical computers. The circuit generates a quantum state which encodes the coefficients of the terms in the Hamiltonian as probability amplitudes and plays a crucial role in the state-of-the-art efficient implementations of quantum phase estimation. We employ the automatic quantum circuit encoding algorithm [Shirakawa , ] to construct circuits, which requires classical simulations of quantum circuits of O(logN) qubits with N being the number of qubits of the Hamiltonian. The generated circuits do not need any ancillary qubit. We demonstrate our method by investigating the number of T-gates of the obtained circuits for quantum chemistry Hamiltonians of various molecules, which shows a constant-factor reduction compared to previous approaches that do not use ancillary qubits. Since the number of available logical qubits and T gates will be limited at the early stage of the fault-tolerant quantum computing, the proposed method is particularly of use for performing the quantum phase estimation with such limited capability.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Leadership, values and authority: what shapes a manager’s work ethos and plays a key role in authority creation?
Authors: Postuła Agnieszka
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The article aims to identify and classify competencies and values considered essential or even necessary in the daily work of active managers and leaders.

Design/methodology/approach

This article is based on the results of comprehensive ethnographic research. I acquired the research material through open interviews (26 items), which facilitated immersion into the social reality of individual groups of respondents.

Findings

A manager who consistently adheres to their values builds lasting authority. A manager who is guided by values also has a greater influence on decision-making and team relationships. A manager who adheres to values can contribute to improving organizational culture and thus increase employee engagement and achieve better organizational results.

Research limitations/implications

Findings from qualitative studies are context-specific and may not be easily generalizable to other settings or populations.

Practical implications

Organizations need to recognize the centrality of values in building managerial authority. By strategically aligning values, promoting consistency and fostering a culture of trust, organizations can enhance managerial effectiveness, team relationships and overall organizational performance.

Social implications

Managers’ values play a crucial role in shaping workplace dynamics and can extend their influence to broader societal contexts. A values-driven approach has the potential to create positive social impacts and thus contribute to ethical business practices, trustful relationships and overall societal well-being.

Originality/value

The findings are original and valuable because they holistically explore the connection between managerial values and authority and identify key factors that contribute to lasting and impactful leadership in organizations and society.
Why the great surges of developments are different: a coupling analysis of the socio-political paradigm and the techno-economic paradigm
Authors: Yang Hutao , Yang Mingxuan
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The “problem-ridden present” is indubitably related to the prevalence of neoliberalism, but it is also when the fifth technological revolution took place. In this special time, what should be done to achieve the coupling of Socio-political Paradigmand Technoeconomic Paradigm through the adaptive transformation of socio-political paradigm to avoid the resurfacing of the “problem-ridden present”?

Design/methodology/approach

The obvious difference between the efficacy of the fifth technological revolution and the previous four indicates that the Techno-economic Paradigm of Neo-Schumpeterian school is not sufficient enough to explain the institutional obstacles. No matter institutional or technological, any single perspective would not be adequate to explain the fundamental cause of the “problem-ridden present”.

Findings

From a historical materialism standpoint, the structure and progress of the techno-economic paradigm are inevitably influenced by the socio-political paradigm, and only when the techno-economic paradigm and the socio-political paradigm are coupled, the potential of the wave of technological revolution can be “shared release.”

Originality/value

The coupling analysis of the Socio-political Paradigm and the Technoeconomic Paradigm is of great enlightening value to the understanding of the economic development in the Digital Economy era.
The financialization of platform capital from the perspective of political economy
Authors: Qi Hao , Li Zhongjin , Wen Yankai
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The financialization of the platform economy is a crucial part of the theoretical landscape of the platform economy. However, it has not yet received adequate attention from the academic community. This deficiency has led to current research often neglecting the supportive role of finance capital in the platform economy, and consequently, there has been a lack of comprehensive interpretation of the generally poor profitability of platform companies. This paper aims to address the existing gap in the literature within this field.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper examines the role of finance capital, particularly venture capital, in the platform economy and offers a political economy analysis of the historical background, accumulation logic, and inherent contradictions of the financialization of the platform economy.

Findings

The paper argues that the advancement of new technologies, excess capital and labor supply in the post-crisis era, and the development of economic financialization, particularly the maturity and diffusion of the venture capital system, constitute the historical background of the financialization of the platform economy. Driven by finance capital, platform enterprises engage in excessive expansion to increase their financial valuations, forming a valuation-driven accumulation model. Financialization has caused the platform economy to deviate from its normal developmental trajectory. Platform enterprises exhibit higher shareholder payouts while simultaneously engaging in rapid investment expansion, leading to a trend of bubble-like development in the platform economy.

Originality/value

The financialization of the platform economy has exacerbated the socio-economic problems caused by disembeddedness, deepening the contradiction between the speculative logic of finance capital and the healthy development of the real economy. This profoundly reflects the obstruction posed by contemporary capitalist relations of production to the development of productive forces. This paper provides several key policy insights for the formulation and implementation of relevant policies in China.
Managing coworker conflict: investigating the effect of workplace phubbing and mindfulness on employee deviant and negligent behavior
Authors: Alagarsamy Subburaj , Mehrolia Sangeeta , Vinod Sangeetha
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the influence of workplace phubbing on employee deviant behavior and negligence, while also investigating the mediating role of coworker conflict. Additionally, the study explores the moderating effect of workplace mindfulness on the relationship between workplace phubbing, the mediators and employee deviant behavior and negligence.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were gathered from employees in the service sector in the UAE using an online survey questionnaire. A total of 374 participants submitted complete responses. The study’s hypotheses were tested through regression-based moderated path analysis, incorporating conditional process modeling and nonlinear bootstrapping.

Findings

The study indicates that experiencing “phubbing” at work contributes to feelings of coworker conflict, which subsequently leads to increased interpersonal deviance and employee negligence. Moreover, workplace mindfulness weakens the positive influence of being phubbed on coworker conflict, interpersonal deviance and employee negligence.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous studies have examined the negative impact of being “phubbed” at the individual employee level within the service industry. This study aims to contribute to both theory and practice by elucidating the mediating mechanism of coworker conflict and exploring the moderating effects of workplace mindfulness.
The role of interpersonal distrust as a mediator of the relationship between ethnic minorities and knowledge hiding in international construction projects
Authors: Anbar Diana R. , Chang Tengyuan , Ullah Safi , Alqershy Mohammed Taha , Mousa Kawther , Deng Xiaopeng
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study explores the factors influencing knowledge hiding (KH) in international construction projects (ICPs), focussing on the role of ethnic minorities (EMs) and interpersonal distrust (ID). It also aims to understand how these factors influence KH and explore the mediating effect of ID on the relationship between EMs and KH.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey questionnaire was developed and distributed to professionals participating in ICPs. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to analyse 294 valid responses, examining the effect of EMs, ID and demographic variables on KH behaviours. Our approach integrates insights from social identity theory (SIT) and actor network theory (ANT) to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the observed dynamics.

Findings

The findings reveal that EMs significantly influence KH behaviours, with ID partially mediating this relationship. Additionally, demographic variables such as gender and age also play significant roles in KH behaviours. However, the degree of education did not show a significant impact on KH. Our results emphasise the critical importance of addressing ID and fostering inclusive environments to reduce KH.

Research limitations/implications

While our study sheds light on the complex dynamics of KH in ICPs, further research could explore additional contextual factors and organisational influences. While our study emphasises the importance of inclusive practices and trust-building to mitigate KH, it also recognises the need for a deeper understanding of power dynamics and organisational contexts.

Practical implications

Our findings underscore the importance of creating transparent and inclusive cultures of knowledge sharing (KS). Implementing inclusion initiatives and providing cultural awareness training can enhance project outcomes and organisational success. We also propose a practical framework to mitigate KH by promoting trust, inclusivity and effective KS practices.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the understanding of knowledge management in multicultural project teams by integrating SIT and ANT, offering a comprehensive perspective on the factors driving KH in ICPs. The findings pave the way for future investigations into power dynamics and organisational contexts within ICPs.
Framework for collaborative local climate adaptation scenario development- nexus between climate resilience, public health service and spatial planning
Authors: Puntub Wiriya , Greiving Stefan , Birkmann Joern
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The interaction between urban development and climate change significantly impacts local public health services. Unfortunately, cities and involved institutions often fail to prioritize and integrate spatial planning when dealing with these unprecedented future challenges. This study aims to offer Health Integrative Climate Resilience and Adaptation Future (HICRAF), an innovative planning framework that systematically operationalizes future climate risks and their impact on local public health services.

Design/methodology/approach

HICRAF is developed based on the intermix of explorative and normative scenario planning approaches. Mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative techniques were applied to develop and operationalize the local climate adaptation scenarios through stakeholder participation. The framework demonstrates how different methods and scales (spatial and temporal) can be linked to exhibit climate risk outcomes of different future pathways.

Findings

The practicality of HICRAF was demonstrated in Khon Kaen city, where it bridged the gaps between global climate trajectories and local climate adaptation scenarios. It also highlights the need to consider intertwining spatial and systemic risks in local infrastructure operations. Although HICRAF has gained political buy-in and fostered the establishment of stakeholder discourse on climate-resilient futures, further research is needed to enhance its robustness and replicability.

Originality/value

This paper proposes a novel planning framework, HICRAF, that can systematically operationalize the future challenges of unprecedented climate change and urban development changes for the local public health service. The demonstration of HICRAF in Khon Kaen city provides empirical evidence of its implementability and upscaling potential.