bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dewey and White on Value, Obligation, and Practical Judgment
Authors: Sinclair Robert
Published: June 2017

This essay examines the largely forgotten debate from 1949 between Dewey and White over the status of value judgments. It argues that White does not criticize Dewey’s moral philosophy as a misguided attempt to derive an “ought” from “is”, rather he maintains that Dewey’s ethical naturalism cannot provide an empirical definition of moral judgments that preserves their status as moral obligations. Although White is mistaken in presenting Dewey’s view as a failed theory of moral obligation, Dewey’s reply suggests that White is correct in understanding the connections between scientific and moral inquiry in normative terms. This further reveals that value judgments concerning what we should do, what Dewey calls “practical judgments”, are not moral obligations as White suggests, but are fallible directives for addressing problems disruptive of human activity. By presenting Dewey’s view as a failed attempt to reduce moral terms to an acceptable empirical vocabulary, White assumes a logical separation between the descriptive and that normative that is untenable from the perspective of Dewey’s account of human inquiry.
Die Welt des Stephen K. Bannon. Wie revolutionär ist die Trump-Administration?
Authors: Krause Joachim
Published: June 2017

Kurzfassung:

Der Artikel befasst sich mit dem Weltbild des strategischen Chefberaters von Donald Trump. Dabei sollen polemische Verkürzungen vermieden werden. Die zentralen Elemente der Gedankenwelt des Stephen K. Bannon sind, was die Gegenwartsanalyse betrifft, (1) die Orientierung an einem zyklischen Weltbild, (2) eine Kritik am Kapitalismus und am politischen Establishment, und (3) die Furcht vor einer neuen Welle eines Totalitarismus, die aus dem politischen Islam entstehen könnte. Seine Überlegungen zur politischen Programmatik bestehen in erster Linie aus der Forderung nach (1) Wiederherstellung demokratischer Souveränität durch die Zerschlagung einer angeblich parasitären politischen Klasse in den USA, (2) die Wiederherstellung nationaler Souveränität durch die Absage an Globalismus und Multilateralismus sowie (3) der Primat der Bekämpfung des totalitären Islamismus in der internationalen Politik.
Distribution of the Nosema ceranae (Microspora, Nosematidae) in the Apiaries in Ukraine
Authors: Odnosum H. V.
Published: June 2017

Investigated the distribution of microsporidia Nosema ceranae — the pathogen of so-called «Asian» Nosema disease in the apiaries of Ukraine. Investigated 784 samples of bee’s podmore in a large extent affected by Nosemosis, that have been sent by beekeepers for research from 11 regions of Ukraine (Kyiv, Poltava, Vinnytsia, Chernihiv, Zhytomyr, Sumy, Zaporizhia, Donetsk, Volyn, Lviv, Khmelnytsky) in 2014–2016. Microsporidia Nosema ceranae was found in 74.5 % of the analyzed bee samples, i. e. on prevalence it dominated the microsporidia Nosema apis. Clinical signs and course of Nosema disease in bee families, where been found microsporidia Nosema ceranae, were classic, namely the weak development of families in the spring, in some families — the presence of traces of diarrhea.
Phototransduction inDrosophilaIs Compromised by Gal4 Expression but not by InsP3Receptor Knockdown or Mutation
Authors: Bollepalli Murali K. , Kuipers Marije E. , Liu Che-Hsiung , Asteriti Sabrina , Hardie Roger C.
Published: June 2017

Drosophilaphototransduction is mediated by phospholipase C, leading to activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) and TRP-like (TRPL) channels by mechanisms that are unresolved. A role for InsP3receptors (IP3Rs) had been excluded because IP3R mutants (itpr) appeared to have normal light responses; however, this was recently challenged by Kohn et al. (“Functional cooperation between the IP3 receptor and phospholipase C secures the high sensitivity to light ofDrosophilaphotoreceptors in vivo,”Journal of Neuroscience35:2530), who reported defects in phototransduction after IP3R-RNAi knockdown. They concluded that InsP3-induced Ca2+release plays a critical role in facilitating channel activation, and that previous failure to detectIP3Rphenotypes resulted from trace Ca2+in electrodes substituting for InsP3-induced Ca2+release. In an attempt to confirm this, we performed electroretinograms, whole-cell recordings, and GCaMP6f Ca2+imaging from both IP3R-RNAi flies anditpr-null mutants. Like Kohn et al., we usedGMRGal4to drive expression ofUAS-IP3R-RNAi, but we also used controls expressingGMRGal4alone. We describe severalGMRGal4phenotypes suggestive of compromised development, including reductions in sensitivity, dark noise, potassium currents, and cell size and capacitance, as well as extreme variations in sensitivity between cells. However, we found no effect of IP3R RNAi or mutation on photoreceptor responses or Ca2+signals, indicating that the IP3R plays little or no role inDrosophilaphototransduction.
Systemic Nicotine Increases Gain and Narrows Receptive Fields in A1 via Integrated Cortical and Subcortical Actions
Authors: Askew Caitlin , Intskirveli Irakli , Metherate Raju
Published: June 2017

Nicotine enhances sensory and cognitive processing via actions at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), yet the precise circuit- and systems-level mechanisms remain unclear. In sensory cortex, nicotinic modulation of receptive fields (RFs) provides a model to probe mechanisms by which nAChRs regulate cortical circuits. Here, we examine RF modulation in mouse primary auditory cortex (A1) using a novel electrophysiological approach: current-source density (CSD) analysis of responses to tone-in-notched-noise (TINN) acoustic stimuli. TINN stimuli consist of a tone at the characteristic frequency (CF) of the recording site embedded within a white noise stimulus filtered to create a spectral “notch” of variable width centered on CF. Systemic nicotine (2.1 mg/kg) enhanced responses to the CF tone and to narrow-notch stimuli, yet reduced the response to wider-notch stimuli, indicating increased response gain within a narrowed RF. Subsequent manipulations showed that modulation of cortical RFs by systemic nicotine reflected effects at several levels in the auditory pathway: nicotine suppressed responses in the auditory midbrain and thalamus, with suppression increasing with spectral distance from CF so that RFs became narrower, and facilitated responses in the thalamocortical pathway, while nicotinic actions within A1 further contributed to both suppression and facilitation. Thus, multiple effects of systemic nicotine integrate along the ascending auditory pathway. These actions at nAChRs in cortical and subcortical circuits, which mimic effects of auditory attention, likely contribute to nicotinic enhancement of sensory and cognitive processing.
Calcineurin–NFAT signalling in myeloid leucocytes: new prospects and pitfalls in immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Bendickova Kamila , Tidu Federico , Fric Jan
Published: June 2017

Myeloid leucocytes mediate host protection against infection and critically regulate inflammatory responses in body tissues. Pattern recognition receptor signalling is crucial for myeloid cell responses to pathogens, but growing evidence suggests an equally potent role for Calcineurin–NFAT signalling in control of myeloid cell function. All major subsets of myeloid leucocytes employ Calcineurin–NFAT signalling during immune responses to pathogens and/or tissue damage, but the influence this pathway exerts on pathogen clearance and host susceptibility to infection is not fully understood. Recent data from experimental models indicate that Calcineurin‐NFAT signalling is essential for infection control, and calcineurin inhibitors used in transplantation medicine (including cyclosporine A and tacrolimus) are now being tested for efficacy in a diverse range of inflammatory conditions and autoimmune pathologies. Efforts to repurpose calcineurin inhibitor drugs for new therapeutic applications may yield rapid improvements in clinical outcomes, but the potential impact of these compounds on myeloid cell function in treated patients is largely unknown. Here we discuss Calcineurin–NFAT control of myeloid leucocyte function in the context of recent therapeutic developments and ongoing clinical studies.
Epigenetic Transcriptional Memory of GAL Genes Depends on Growth in Glucose and the Tup1 Transcription Factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sood Varun , Cajigas Ivelisse , D’Urso Agustina , Light William H , Brickner Jason H
Published: June 2017

Previously expressed inducible genes can remain poised for faster reactivation for multiple cell divisions, a conserved phenomenon called epigenetic transcriptional memory. The GAL genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae show faster reactivation for up to seven generations after being repressed. During memory, previously produced Gal1 protein enhances the rate of reactivation of GAL1, GAL10, GAL2, and GAL7. These genes also interact with the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and localize to the nuclear periphery both when active and during memory. Peripheral localization of GAL1 during memory requires the Gal1 protein, a memory-specific cis-acting element in the promoter, and the NPC protein Nup100. However, unlike other examples of transcriptional memory, the interaction with NPC is not required for faster GAL gene reactivation. Rather, downstream of Gal1, the Tup1 transcription factor and growth in glucose promote GAL transcriptional memory. Cells only show signs of memory and only benefit from memory when growing in glucose. Tup1 promotes memory-specific chromatin changes at the GAL1 promoter: incorporation of histone variant H2A.Z and dimethylation of histone H3, lysine 4. Tup1 and H2A.Z function downstream of Gal1 to promote binding of a preinitiation form of RNA Polymerase II at the GAL1 promoter, poising the gene for faster reactivation. This mechanism allows cells to integrate a previous experience (growth in galactose, reflected by Gal1 levels) with current conditions (growth in glucose, potentially through Tup1 function) to overcome repression and to poise critical GAL genes for future reactivation.
Conducta suicida en pueblos indígenas: una revisión del estado del arte
Authors: Vargas-Espíndola Alejandra , Villamizar-Guerrero Juliet Catherine , Puerto-López Jhon Sebastián , Rojas-Villamizar Manuel Ricardo , Ramírez-Montes Omar Santiago , Urrego-Mendoza Zulma Consuelo
Published: June 2017

Introducción. Se realizó una revisión documental en bases de datos sobre conducta suicida en pueblos indígenas, tipo estado del arte, que la identificara como un problema de salud pública.Objetivo. Sistematizar el estado del conocimiento que se construye sobre la conducta suicida en pueblos indígenas, a partir de artículos e informes de investigación publicados hasta 2014.Materiales y métodos. Revisión documental de 149 documentos publicados sobre conducta suicida en pueblos indígenas, que fueron analizados según aspectos cronológicos, topográficos, de enfoque y contenido.Resultados. La literatura revisada indica que la tasa de suicidios en los pueblos originarios es mayor que el de la población general en el mundo (sobre todo en jóvenes). El enfoque prevalente de los estudios revisados es cualitativo o epidemiológico desde factores de riesgo. Por lo general, la conducta suicida en pueblos indígenas se observa epidemiológicamente desde un enfoque clásico que ignora su cosmovisión. Por lo tanto, este fenómeno se debe comprender más como un hecho social que individual, en el cual existe un desequilibrio entre procesos destructivos y protectores de salud y vida.Conclusiones. La conducta suicida en pueblos indígenas es un problema de salud pública, cuyo estudio integral se debe fomentar desde un enfoque intercultural para facilitar el trazado de estrategias de intervención, apropiadas a las necesidades de los pueblos afectados.
Estilo de vida en trabajadores de Bucaramanga y su área metropolitana y su asociación con el exceso de peso
Authors: Rangel-Caballero Luis Gabriel , Gamboa-Delgado Edna Magaly , Rojas-Sánchez Lyda Zoraya
Published: June 2017

Introducción. Los factores de riesgo comportamentales como la inactividad física, el tabaquismo y una dieta inadecuada favorecen la aparición del exceso de peso y aumentan el riesgo de padecer enfermedades no transmisibles.Objetivo. Evaluar factores de riesgo comportamentales y su asociación con el exceso de peso en trabajadores de Bucaramanga y su área metropolitana.Materiales y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal analítico, en trabajadores de diferentes sectores productivos. Se aplicó una encuesta sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, alimentarios, tabaquismo y actividad física. Se consideró exceso de peso a un índice de masa corporal ≥25 kg/m2.Resultados. Se analizó un total de 258 trabajadores. El 56.98% eran mujeres y la mediana de edad fue de 34 años. La prevalencia de exceso de peso fue del 48.06% y se encontró asociación con los siguientes factores: hombres (Razón de prevalencia RP 1.38; p=0.006); edad ≥35 años (RP 1.41; p=0.012) e ingresos mensuales ≥$1.600.000 pesos colombianos (RP 1.37; p=0.010).Conclusiones. En personas económicamente activas, el exceso de peso fue más frecuente en los hombres, de edad ≥35 años y personas con mayores ingresos salariales mensuales. Sin embargo, se requieren de más estudios que confirmen estos hallazgos.
Estudio de factores asociados y prevalencia de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas ilegales en estudiantes de una universidad colombiana
Authors: Castaño-Castrillón José Jaime , García Stefanía , Luna Javier , Morán Milena , Ocampo Daniel , Ortiz Laura
Published: June 2017

Introducción. El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas e ilegales es un problema que muestra frecuencias crecientes de hasta 30% en estudiantes universitarios.Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia y los factores asociados al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas e ilegales en los estudiantes de una universidad colombiana.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal. La población fue una muestra representativa de 343 estudiantes. Se utilizó una encuesta anónima sobre el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en población universitaria y sus factores asociados.Resultados. El 31.5% de los encuestdaos manifestaron haber consumido alguna sustancia psicoactiva ilegal en algún momento de los últimos 12 meses. El promedio de edad del primer consumo fue 17±2.1 años, teniendo en cuenta que 61.1% correspondió a marihuana. Todos los factores asociados que se consideraron mostraron una relación significativa con el consumo en los últimos 30 días, un año y alguna vez en la vida. Asimismo, los problemas familiares fueron el factor asociado con mayor razón de prevalencia (RP=15.467, consumo último año), seguido de presión de amigos (RP=7.847).Conclusiones. El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas ilegales en la población estudiantil de la universidad analizada parece ser considerable, lo que sugiere una intervención con énfasis en los programas más involucrados.
Asociación entre conocimiento de hipertensión arterial y adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes hipertensos del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins de Lima, Perú. 2015
Authors: Rodríguez-Abt Jose Carlos , Solís-Visscher Rodrigo José , Rogic-Valencia Sime Joso , Román Yuani , Reyes-Rocha Miguel
Published: June 2017

Introducción. Conocer sobre hipertensión arterial podría favorecer la adherencia al tratamiento para un mejor control de la presión arterial.Objetivo. Evaluar si existe asociación entre conocimientos sobre hipertensión y adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes hipertensos del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins de Lima, Perú.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico. El muestreo por conveniencia incluyó 340 pacientes hipertensos de consultorios de cardiología en el periodo mayo-agosto de 2015. La variable principal de exposición fue grado de conocimiento sobre hipertensión medida con el cuestionario de conocimientos sobre la hipertensión (CSH) y la variable respuesta fue grado de adherencia al tratamiento medida con el cuestionario Martin-Bayarre-Grau (MBG). Se utilizó regresión de Poisson para calcular razones de prevalencias (RP) con intervalos de confianza del 95% y valor de p<0.05 para establecer significancia estadística.Resultados. Se encontró asociación entre bajo conocimiento de hipertensión y adherencia parcial al tratamiento (RP=1.4; IC95%: 1.2-1.8), tener más de 10 años de hipertensión (RP=0.7; IC95%: 0.6-0.9), no haber recibido información sobre hipertensión (RP=1.4; IC95%: 1.2-1.7) y tiempo de consulta mayor a 15 minutos (RP=0.5; IC95%: 0.3-0.7).Conclusión. Los pacientes con bajo conocimiento de hipertensión tienen más probabilidad de tener adherencia parcial al tratamiento.
Rehabilitación cardiaca en pediatría: ¿qué dice la evidencia?
Authors: Vargas-Pinilla Olga Cecilia , Alfonso-Mantilla Jose Iván
Published: June 2017

Introducción. En las últimas cuatro décadas, las organizaciones de la salud han reconocido que la rehabilitación cardíaca es un elemento esencial para la recuperación de pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares.Objetivo. Realizar un análisis de la evidencia sobre la implementación de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca, basado en ejercicio físico, en una población pediátrica con alteraciones congénitas cardiacas.Materiales y métodos. Se buscó y analizó la evidencia disponible de programas de rehabilitación cardiaca, basada en ejercicio físico, en pacientes pediátricos con alteraciones congénitas. Para la búsqueda se emplearon los términos MeSH: “Rehabilitation”, “Exercise”, “Resistance Training” y “Pediatrics” y se hizo revisión en las bases de datos Ebsco, Pedro, Hinari, Elsevier, Science Direct, Springer y Medline.Resultados. Se encontró que la implementación de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca en población pediátrica tiene resultados significativos en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes, pero necesita de parámetros como evaluación, protocolo de rehabilitación, prescripción del ejercicio físico y evaluación de la calidad de vida.Conclusiones. Es necesario crear un protocolo estandarizado y validado de rehabilitación cardiaca, basada en ejercicio físico, para la población pediátrica con enfermedades cardiacas congénitas.
Comorbilidades asociadas al déficit de atención con hiperactividad
Authors: Zuluaga-Valencia Juan Bernardo , Fandiño-Tabares Diana Carolina
Published: June 2017

Introducción. Para diagnosticar trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) en niños y adolescentes, es necesario identificar la coexistencia de comorbilidades afectivo-comportamentales que complejizan la evaluación y los procesos terapéuticos requeridos.Objetivo. Describir la comorbilidad afectivo-comportamental asociada a los diferentes subtipos del TDAH en niños y adolescentes de Manizales.Materiales y métodos. Muestra conformada por 141 participantes entre los 5 y 15 años de edad, escolarizados, diagnosticados con TDAH y coeficiente intelectual mayor o igual a 85. Estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, donde se analizaron registros de la entrevista neuropsiquiátrica internacional (MINI-KID).Resultados. El rango de edad con mayor asociación comórbida está entre los 8 y 11 años. El subtipo de TDAH predominante es el combinado. El 32% de la muestra presenta asociación comórbida afectivo-comportamental y los trastornos internalizantes tienen una representación del 68.8%, siendo la fobia simple específica la comorbilidad más preponderante en 80.6% de los casos.Conclusiones. La fobia simple específica es el trastorno internalizante más frecuente en el estudio en rangos de edad y subtipos de TDAH. El trastorno oposicionista desafiante es la comorbilidad externalizante predominante y exclusiva del subtipo de TDAH combinado.
Spare the rod, spoil the child: Bullying during medical internship in three Peruvian hospitals
Authors: Achata-Espinoza Miguel , Muñoz-Dueñas Carmen Rosa , Cabrejos-Llontop Sarai , Toro-Huamanchumo Carlos Jesus
Published: June 2017

Dear Editor,Bullying has traditionally been considered normal during health professional training (1). However, it is now recognized as harmful to both academic traiwning and mental and emotional health, with negative consequences such as low career satisfaction, depression, burnout syndrome, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (2,3).The hierarchy observed in the different stages of the medical career facilitates power abuse and makes medical students vulnerable. Likewise, frequently undervaluing abuse leads to less willingness to report bullying cases, and in the continuity of this behavior over time (1,4). During medical internships, students are also considered as workers, which increases the chances of being bullied; in addition, the training environment differs from what they experienced early in their career (3).
Novel approach to magnetic resonance imaging of epileptic dogs — T2 relaxometry of the brain with emphasised hippocampus
Authors: Lorincz Borbála A. , Anson Agustina , Csébi Péter , Bajzik Gábor , Biró Gergely , Tichy Alexander , Lorincz Balázs B. , Garamvölgyi Rita
Published: June 2017

Hippocampal sclerosis is the most common imaging finding of intractable human epilepsy, and it may play an important role in canine and feline epileptogenesis and seizure semiology, too. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria of hippocampal sclerosis are T2 hyperintensity, shrinkage and loss of internal structure. The detection of these changes is often challenging by subjective visual assessment of qualitative magnetic resonance (MR) images. The recognition is more reliable with quantitative MR methods, such as T2 relaxometry. In the present prospective study including 31 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and 15 control dogs showing no seizure activity, we compared the T2 relaxation times of different brain areas. Furthermore, we studied correlations between the hippocampal T2 values and age, gender and skull formation. We found higher hippocampal T2 values in the epileptic group than in the control; however, these findings were not statistically significant. No correlations were found with age, gender or skull formation. In the individual analysis six epileptic dogs presented higher hippocampal T2 relaxation times than the cut-off value. Two of these dogs were also evaluated as abnormal in the visual assessment. Individual analysis of hippocampal T2 relaxation times may be a helpful method to understand hippocampal involvement in canine epilepsy.
Intestinal helminths of the white stork (Ciconia ciconia Linnaeus 1758) from an inter-route site in Turkey
Authors: Girisgin Ahmet Onur , Birlik Sezen , Senlik Bayram , Yildirimhan Hikmet Sami
Published: June 2017

In Turkey, a study was conducted during the years 2009–2015 to detect the gastrointestinal helminth species of 18 white storks (Ciconia ciconia Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves: Ciconiiformes) sampled from aquatic or swamp areas of Bursa Province, one of the inter-route sites where storks intensely stay. The results of postmortem examination revealed that 17 (94.44%) white storks harboured one or more helminth species. Eight species of helminths were detected at the following prevalence rates: Dictymetra discoidea (38.88%), Chaunocephalus ferox (37.50%), Schistocephalus solidus (27.77%), Stephanoprora (Monilifer) spinulosa (18.75%), Echinoparyphium sp. (12.50%), Tylodelphys excavata (6.25%), T. clavata (6.25%), and Syncuaria ciconiae (6.25%). This study is the first report on the presence of all the above species except T. excavata from white storks in Turkey. Stephanoprora (M.) spinulosa was found in Ciconiiform birds for the first time in this study.
A molecular and haematological study of Theileria equi in Balkan donkeys
Authors: Davitkov Dajana , Davitkov Darko , Vucicevic Milos , Stanisic Ljubodrag , Radakovic Milena , Glavinic Uros , Stanimirovic Zoran
Published: June 2017

Equine piroplasmosis in donkeys has been recognised as a serious problem of major economic importance. The present molecular study is the first investigation of the presence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in Balkan donkeys and of the possible haematological alterations related to it. A total of 70 apparently healthy donkeys from Serbia were included in this study. The overall prevalence of T. equi infection in donkeys tested with multiplex PCR was 50%. There was no B. caballi-positive sample. Infections in donkeys included in this study seem to be associated with decreased red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit and platelet count, and with increased white blood cell count, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. Altered haematological parameters in donkeys can lead to a decrease in working capacity and production performance. Further molecular research and long-term monitoring of equine piroplasmosis is needed in Serbia and throughout Europe.
Molecular detection and genome analysis of circoviruses of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and sichel (Pelecus cultratus)
Authors: Borzák Réka , Sellyei Boglárka , Székely Csaba , Doszpoly Andor
Published: June 2017

The prevalence and distribution of piscine circoviruses (CVs) were tested in a routine virus monitoring programme in Lake Balaton, Hungary. A high prevalence of European eel CV (EeCV) was found in the apparently healthy eel population (35.5%). The copy number of the viral DNA in different organs was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The results suggested that some eel specimens were in active viraemic status despite their asymptomatic condition. Furthermore, a novel, previously undescribed CV was also detected in eel and sichel samples. Full genome characterisation confirmed that the virus represents a novel EeCV species (EeCV-2). The genome contains an integrated eel chromosome-derived fragment, suggesting that the original host of the virus was the eel and it probably emerged subsequently in the sichel by host switching. In some samples, an additional, 1,111-nt-long circular ssDNA was also observed involving a CV-like stem-loop structure and an ORF showing homology to CV capsid protein genes, without any sign of a replication initiator protein sequence.
Heart rate, heart rate variability, faecal glucocorticoid metabolites and avoidance response of dairy cows before and after changeover to an automatic milking system
Authors: Jurkovich Viktor , Kézér Fruzsina Luca , Ruff Ferenc , Bakony Mikolt , Kulcsár Margit , Kovács Levente
Published: June 2017

The heart rate variability (HRV) parameters of dairy cows were monitored during parlour (PARL) and the later installed automatic (AMS) milking on a small-scale commercial dairy farm in Hungary. The aim of the study was to assess stress in relation to the type of milking and the frequency of human interaction. Parlour milking involved regular moving and crowding of the animals with frequent human interaction, which were much less frequent in automatic milking. The first phase of the study was conducted prior to the changeover [n = 27] and the second two months afterwards [n = 19 (of the cows from the first phase)]. Heart rate (HR) was recorded by the Polar RS800 CX recording system. HRV parameters indicative of sympathovagal balance were calculated for periods of lying and standing in the barn, waiting before milking and milking, respectively. Morning and evening faecal glucocorticoid concentrations were also measured. Fear of humans was tested by an avoidance distance test. Baseline HRV parameters showed no difference (P > 0.05) between the two systems. In the periods before, during and after milking a higher sympathetic tone was detected in cows in the PARL phase. Mean faecal glucocorticoid concentrations were higher at the time of parlour milking. The avoidance distance did not differ between the two phases. The results suggest that automatic milking might be less stressful for cows than parlour milking, possibly due to the shorter duration of restraint after milking and the less frequent human interaction.
Birds of a feather? A comparison of the personality profiles of aspiring interpreters and other language experts
Authors: Rosiers Alexandra , Eyckmans June
Published: June 2017

Since the early days of translation and interpreting studies, scholars have emphasized the value of certain personality related traits for translation and interpreting performance. Especially in the conference interpreter world, preconceived opinions about the desired personality traits for conference interpreters seem to exist. However, there is little to no empirical evidence to either corroborate or refuse these ideas. In this paper we aim to explore a set of individual difference variables (IDs) — as these traits are called in the literature — to gain an insight into the profile of aspiring interpreters and to explore whether this profile differs from that of other advanced language experts. To this end, we have compared the IDs of three groups of advanced language learners who have received the same bachelor training but will branch off into three different master’s programmes: interpreting, translation and multilingual communication. By means of self-report questionnaires we have gauged the language learners’ willingness to communicate, cultural empathy, social initiative, flexibility, open-mindedness and emotional stability before they began their professional training. The data show that student interpreters score significantly higher than students of multilingual communication and student translators on the social initiative and emotional stability dimensions. These results seem to indicate that students aspiring to become interpreters can be distinguished from students aspiring to become translators or multilingual communicators on the basis of these personality traits. These differences are already in place before the students embark on their professional training in the master’s programme.
Transcreation as a translation service: Process requirements and client expectations
Authors: Risku Hanna , Pichler Theresa , Wieser Vanessa
Published: June 2017

In order to remain competitive, many translation companies are expanding their fields of activity to include technical communication, layout, terminology, and other related services, and are thus becoming full-service multilingual and cultural communication vendors. As translation agencies expand their services and competencies — in line with the broad definition of translation used in modern-day translation studies — translating marketing communications materials is one potential area into which they might expand. However, international advertising campaigns for multinational companies are often handled by or with advertising agencies, frequently without the involvement of translation agencies (Anholt 2000). Capturing this additional field brings with it new process requirements, especially for translation agencies which have previously focused more on technical and/or business translation. Depending on the creative brief, the translation of marketing communications materials or advertising campaigns frequently involves a comprehensive rewriting and recreation of the message (Bondarenko 2009; Torresi 2010). The term “transcreation” is often used to emphasise the extensive adaptation thereby required (Ray and Kelly 2010; Rike 2013). However, we argue that the need for a term such as “transcreation” — or “localisation”, for that matter — does not stem from a higher degree of adaptation, but from the specific service processes offered under this translatorial action label. In this paper, we look at the challenges translation agencies may face when entering this field. In an exploratory empirical study, we investigated the expectations of 10 regular clients of an Austrian translation agency regarding the translation (or transcreation) of marketing communications materials. For this purpose, 13 qualitative interviews were carried out with agency clients in Austria, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. The interviewees were asked about their interest in such a service in principle, its potential added value, and their expectations of the product and process. The study also looked at their expectations of the briefing and review processes. The results serve to outline the necessary modifications to the processes required to offer this specific translation service.
Deaf leaders’ strategies for working with signed language interpreters: An examination across seven countries
Authors: Haug Tobias , Bontempo Karen , Leeson Lorraine , Napier Jemina , Nicodemus Brenda , Van den Bogaerde Beppie , Vermeerbergen Myriam
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we report interview data from 14 Deaf leaders across seven countries (Australia, Belgium, Ireland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States) regarding their perspectives on signed language interpreters. Using a semistructured survey questionnaire, seven interpreting researchers interviewed two Deaf leaders each in their home countries. Following transcription of the data, the researchers conducted a thematic analysis of the comments. Four shared themes emerged in the data: (a) variable level of confidence in interpreting direction, (b) criteria for selecting interpreters, (c) judging the competence of interpreters, and (d) strategies for working with interpreters. The results suggest that Deaf leaders share similar, but not identical, perspectives about working with interpreters, despite differing conditions in their respective countries. Compared to prior studies of Deaf leaders’ perspectives of interpreters, these data indicate some positive trends in Deaf leaders’ experience with interpreters; however, results also point to a need for further work in creating an atmosphere of trust, enhancing interpreters’ language fluency, and developing mutual collaboration between Deaf leaders and signed language interpreters.
Clinician-administrator; challenges associated with changing roles
Authors: Lekamwasam Sarath
Published: June 2017

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Abstract Rapid changes in disease pattern, advancement of medical technology and introduction of new treatment modalities demand continuous modifications in medical education. This can be a daunting task unless all stakeholders engaged in medical education are convinced that such changes are necessary to ensure the efficiency of the end product. The task of leading a group of academics who themselves are leaders and have their personal targets in the direction of a common goal can be a challenge. This, however, becomes the primary responsibility of a Medical Dean. In order to achieve this, Dean has to have leadership qualities and particularly good communication skills. Whether these factors are taken into consideration in selecting a Dean is questionable. Further, no attempts are made to enhance leadership qualities and other attributes that a Dean should possess among potential candidates of deanship.
Plasmid construction and viral infection v1
Authors: Wang Yuejun
Published: June 2017

The plasmids were constructed using standard methods; all sequences were verified by appropriate restriction digestion and/or sequencing. Human full-length IGFBP2 cDNA from ASCs fused to a M2-Flag tag was produced with a standard PCR protocol. This sequence (Flag-IGFBP2) was subcloned into the pQCXIN retroviral vector with AgeI and BglII restriction sites. For viral infections, MSCs were plated overnight, then infected with retroviruses in the presence of polybrene (6 µg/mL, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 12 h. After 48 h, infected cells were selected with 600 µg/mL G418 for 10 days.
THE DEPENDENCE OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF THE LEAVES OF WOODY PLANTS ON THE DEGREE OF TECHNOGENIC POLLUTION
Authors: Rostunov Aleksandr , Konchina Tatyana , Zhestkova Elena , Gusev Dmitriy , Kharitonova Svetlana
Published: June 2017

Plants of modern urban ecosystem suffer from negative effects of a series of technogenic pollution which leads to changes in their morphological and physiological state. The reason for this is the penetration of phytotoxicants into plant organs, primarily, into leaves, thus distorting the structural components of cells and their functioning. In various species the degree of this reaction is manifested differently, so this fact must be taken into consideration when creating environmentally effective plantations. For this purpose the integrated study of the impact of pollutants on the morpho-physiological state of deciduous trees was conducted. Some morphological, physiological and biochemical indicators of leaves of Tilia cordata Mill., Populus tremula L., Salix fragilis L., Salix alba L. from different urban areas, characterized by different levels of technogenic pollution, were also studied. It was found out that the increase of technogenic load led to the decrease in the size of leaves, the increase of their necrotization and the total ash content of the tissues of these organs as well as the reduction of the photosynthetic pigments concentration with increase of relative portion of carotenoids which is the most significantly revealed in the leaves of the lime-tree, brittle willow and, to a lesser extent, in the white willow. At the same time the increased relative portion of carotenoids in the photosynthetic organs in case of strong pollution by pollutants indicates an increase of the protective role of the yellow pigment. Besides, the increased ratio of chlorophyll a/b characteristic for the resistant plant species was established in the leaves of these trees, which is a sign of a higher potential photochemical activity of leaves and the rate of photosynthesis.

All the studied morpho-physiological indicators characterize a greater resistance to pollutants of Tilia cordata, Salix fragilis, Salix alba, which can be recommended for the reconstruction of the sanitary and protective plantations of Arzamas. The studied tree species have a great capacity of gettering harmful technogenic substances with a further effective ability to accumulate them in the tissues of the leaves.
EMPLOYERS’ ROLE IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF SAFETY LEVEL IN ESTONIAN ENTERPRISES
Authors: Hrenov Georgi , Reinhold Karin , Tint Piia
Published: June 2017

The key persons in safety activities at enterprises are: top manager, his(her) representatives, working environment specialist, all acting for the employer; and working environment representatives, selected by the workers and holding the workers’ rights in safety and health area. The main possibilities to improve the safety level in the firm have the working environment specialists, as they are usually educated and supported by the employer and the law. The current paper is looking for the possibilities to raise the employers’ interest for improvement of their knowledge in safety and through this also the safety level in the workplace. Safety level in 12 Estonian enterprises was investigated using MISHA method (based on standard OHSAS 18001). Some of the firms have implemented OHSAS 18001 or belong to the foreign companies. The investigated enterprises were from different industries and agriculture firms. The safety level is very much depended on the owner of the firm. The larger the enterprise is the better are the possibilities to educate the employers and employees. One of the ideas to improve the safety level at enterprise is the method “learning through the interviews”. The interview is worked out basing on MISHA method. The latter is a tool of quantitative study. The safety performance key elements were divided into three parts: formal, real, combined ones. Three hypothesis were formulated and the area in which they are proved concerning employer’s activities were as follows: H1) Standard OHSAS 18001 has an impact on Formal safety performance in companies (p value< 0.013) – if OHSAS 18001 has been implemented, then: the assignment of tasks and responsibilities in OHS is committed to the top management, the employer is revising the safety policy, and the personnel’s responsibilities in OHS are clearly defined. H2) Standard OHSAS 18001 has an impact on Real safety performance. (p< 0.013) - if OHSAS 18001 is implemented, then: the top manager promotes dissemination of safety policy: the policy is made available to all of the personnel; resources for improvement are arranged by the top management; the top manager arranges meetings in OHS; there is a system for redesigning the workplaces for the persons who have difficulties in coping with the work. H3) Standard OHSAS 18001 has an impact on Combined safety performance (p< 0.007) - if OHSAS 18001 implemented, then: the top management is participating in the preparation of safety policy, top manager is reviewing the safety policy, is it operating effectively? He is informing the external bodies about the company’s safety policy’s effectiveness; the top manager arranges safety training for all of the personnel; there is a plan for reduction of accidents; it has been elaborated by the top manager; the company has a system for measuring the social climate in the company.
ENDOPOLYPLOIDY OF ENDANGERED PLANT SPECIES LIGULARIA SIBIRICA IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Krasņevska Nikole , Grauda Dace , Kļaviņa Dace , Rashal Isaak
Published: June 2017

The goal of this study was to detect endopolyploidy of Ligularia sibirica from populations existed in different ecological conditions. This is important step to elaborate the appropriate protection measures of rare and endangered species, which should be based on understanding of ongoing processes in populations. From this point of view the knowledge of genetic diversity, including endopolyploidy level between and within populations, is crucial. L. sibirica is endangered and protected plant species in Latvia which is included in the protected plants list of EU Habitat directive 92/43/EEK Annexes 2 and 4. Perennial herbaceous plant L. sibirica is one of two species of genus Ligularia in Europe. According to the previous data, this species has been disappeared from all previously known locations in Latvia. However, some new locations were found in central part of the country recently. Determination of edopolyploidy level of L. sibirica was performed by the BD FACSJazz® cell sorter (BD Biosciences, USA) with flow cytometer function. In young leafs nine relative fluorescence DNA peaks from 2C up to 64 C were detected. The most common was 2C peak presented in 93% and 63% of samples from Zušu-Staiņu sulphur spring and Krustkalni Nature reserve populations respectively.
PROBLEMS OF LEGAL AND EVALUATION OF THE OBJECTS OF SUBSOIL USAGE
Authors: Pashkevich Natalia , Tarabarinova Tatyana
Published: June 2017

Evaluation of the objects in the mineral resources sector depend on type of the legislative framework for the different stages of exploration process.

The article covers to problems of legal and evaluation to objects of subsoil usage according to different stages of geological exploration in International Financial Reporting Standard 6 «Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources», Russian Financial Standard 24/2011 « Cost accounting of the mineral resources deployment», US GAAP and other normative documents.

The results present the possibility of capitalizing mineral reserves as assets in mining oil and gas companies.
INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR BUILDING ENVELOPES OF BIOCLIMATICAL HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
Authors: Generalova Elena , Generalov Victor , Kuznetsova Anna
Published: June 2017

The paper examines innovative and promising trends in in the design of high-rise buildings that challenge traditional typologies and are adapted for specific climatic conditions. The purpose of the study is to investigate modern methods of designing building envelopes for bioclimatic skyscrapers taking into account heat impact of climate on the thermal balance of buildings.

The research methodology is based on a systematic analysis of advanced world experience in constructing innovative buildings, "conquering" climate. The paper provides the basic principles of bioclimatic architecture. The issues of buildings’ forms and modes are considered. The authors analyze the efficiency of using double facades in different climatic conditions with account of their interaction with other technological, constructive and planning elements, such as "solar chimney", passive and active solar control systems, landscaping, intelligence control systems of temperature and humidity conditions in premises and buildings, etc.

The paper highlights that unique objects of bioclimatic skyscrapers are moving now into new typologies of buildings and help form dense, comfortable and convenient urban environment using natural resources effectively. The research shows how prospects and relevance of a systemic approach to introducing the related and interdependent projects for energy saving activities at all levels, starting from town-planning and architectural models, and ending with engineering and constructive solutions.
THE GOOD, THE BAD AND THE UNRECOGNIZED: SMART TEXTILE SIGNAL CLUSTERING BY SELF-ORGANIZING MAP
Authors: Shootov Artyom , Chizhov Yuriy , Oks Alexander , Katashev Alexei
Published: June 2017

The present article is a series of publications dedicated to the research of smart fabric sensors integrated into socks and is also part of the project aimed at developing the measuring system based on smart fabric supplied with sensors and intellectual data processing. The aim of the article is to perform a practical study on the application of Self-Organizing Map to smart textile signal clustering. Within the framework of the research, different approaches to the organization of network training are explored. A method for encoding an input pattern is also proposed. It has been established that the network is able to recognize the signal as a good step, a bad step, and an unrecognized step. The primary classification allows further selecting specific algorithms for a detailed analysis of good steps and bad steps. The detailed analysis of bad steps is the key to solving the problem of revealing of an athlete’s special type of fatigue, leading to injuries.
RULE BASED ADAPTATION: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Jokste Lauma , Grabis Janis
Published: June 2017

Rule based adaptive systems are growing in popularity and rules have been considered as an effective and elastic way to adapt systems. A rule based approach allows transparent monitoring of performed adaptation actions and gives an important advantage of easily modifiable adaptation process. The goal of this paper is to summarize literature review on rule based adaptation systems. The emphasis is put on rule types, semantics used for defining rules and measurement of effectiveness and correctness of rule based adaptation systems. The literature review has been done following a systematic approach consisting of three steps: planning, reviewing and analysis. Targeted research questions have been used to guide the review process. The review results are to be used for conducting further research in the area of rule based context-aware adaptive systems. This paper accents the potential of using rules as means to perform adaptive actions in enterprise applications taking into account contextual factors as well as points challenges, difficulties and open issues for planning, developing, implementing and running of such systems.
ENHANCING THE TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES OF UNIVERSAL GRINDING EQUIPMENT
Authors: Nikiforov Igor , Maltsev Pavel , Loginov Sergey
Published: June 2017

A method to enhance the technological capabilities of universal grinding equipment and improve the durability of grinding wheels is proposed. A device that allows to implement this method by using of continuously variable grinding speed is proposed. This reduces the cost of manufacturing products of various structural materials.