bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN KELUHAN DENGAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN
Authors: Fanny Oktha , Muslim Muslim , Siregar Mariana R.A.
Published: June 2022

This study aims to identify the relationship between service quality complaints with customer satisfaction in the Bogor branch Transvision, to identify customer characteristics, and identify the relationship between variable customer characteristics with customer satisfaction in the Bogor branch Transvision.This research was conducted at Transvision Bogor branch in March 2017. Samples taken were 76 customers. The sampling technique is using probability sampling. Data sources used include primary data such as questionnaires, interviews, and observations, and secondary data, such as books, official sites related to research. Data analysis techniques used descriptive statistical analysis and non-parametric statistical analysis. Correlation test using the Chi-Square formula and Spearman Rank with validity test using the Pearson product moment formula. Analysis X1 regarding customer characteristics, variable X2 regarding the quality of Customer Relationship Management services, and the last variable Y1 is customer satisfaction in Bogor branch Transvision. The results of the correlation between customer characteristics X1 and customer satisfaction Y1 at Transvision Bogor branch get a low correlation value, which means that there is no relationship between the two variables X1 and Y1. While the value of the correlation between the quality of service X2 with the number of customers in Transvision Bogor branch Y1 get a high correlation value means that there is a relationship between the two variables X2 with Y1. Keywords: Service Quality, Service Satisfaction, Transvision
TREND KAJIAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING: SUATU TELAAH PUSTAKA
Authors: Tauhid Sanita Martiara , Nurmalasari Nurmalasari , Foldra Fantrido , Jayawinangun Roni
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine research trends related to online learning and the effectiveness of online learning. The study used a qualitative approach with the online literature review method where in collecting data information with documentation techniques, namely looking for data on relevant matters from various online sources such as journals, research results, documents, books, magazines, news. The criteria for the articles and news chosen were a discussion of the online learning process. The results of this study from 40 articles collected showed that the trend of online learning research was dominated by a qualitative approach, followed by quantitative and combined methods using primary and secondary data. As for data collection using interviews, observation, participatory. The data analysis used was descriptive analysis, literature review and experimental. Learning is considered effective before the pandemic by 58.8%, decreasing at the time of the pandemic by 41.2%. Based on the level of early childhood education, primary schools, secondary schools and tertiary institutions are considered effective, but in practice there is still a need for improvement to be better. Keyword : effectiveness; literature review; online learning; trend of online learning.
PENGARUH TERPAAN TAYANGAN YOUTUBE RUANG GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Indrawan Andre , Amaliasari Diana , Valdiani Dini
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine how much influence the Exposure of Ruang Guru Youtube Impressions as a medium of information on the learning activities of students of SMP Kamandaka Bogor. This study uses descriptive quantitative research methods. The sampling technique used in this study is Probality Sampling, the sample is determined using the Slovin formula and gets the number of respondents as many as 113 students. of 156 students’ total population. Ruang Guru's Youtube as an information medium is sufficient to provide a lot of information and insight about the world of education from the material presented on the Youtube channel which can be watched for free anywhere and anytime, with various kinds of playlists presented on the Ruang Guru Youtube channel. The learning activities of the students of SMP Kamandaka Bogor are still lacking in using the internet well but with good learning in schools. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence between exposure to the Ruang Guru Youtube show on the learning activities of the students of SMP Kamandaka Bogor. the results of the determination test showed that the exposure of Ruang Guru's Youtube shows had a contribution to the learning activities of students of SMP Kamandaka Bogor by 0.358. influenced by other factors. Further research is needed to explain these other reasons.
BAHASA SEBAGAI PENDIDIKAN BUDAYA DAN KARAKTER BANGSA
Authors: Triyanto Triyanto , Fauziyah Fuzi Afiza , Hadi Muhammad Tesar
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAKTulisan ini menggambarkan kaitan antara bahasa sebagai pendidikan budaya dan karakter bangsa. Pendidikan budaya berkaitan erat dengan karakter bangsa sebab sebagian nilai-nilai karakter terdapat dalam pendidikan budaya. Sekolah berperan penting sebagai wahana memperteguh nilai budaya dan karakter bangsa. Pendidikan budaya termasuk salah satu wahana untuk membentuk bahasa dan karakter siswa. Dalam pembelajaran bahasa perlu dioptimalkan baik strategi, metode, media, serta bahan ajar yang bermuatan nilai pendidikan dan kebajikan sehingga membentuk karakter peserta didik. Pendidikan bahasa sebagai budaya dan karakter bangsa bukan hanya tugas dan tanggung jawab guru bahasa, melainkan tanggung jawab semua guru bidang studi karena semua guru pasti menggunakan bahasa. Salah satu hal yang bisa dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pendidikan karakter siswa adalah dengan pembelajaran bahasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunkan teknik studi pustaka untuk mengambil data dari berbagai sumber bacaan. Hasilnya, bahasa merupakan media penyampai ilmu pengetahuan dan informasi. Bahasa juga menjadi alat komunikasi antarindividu atau pun antarkelompok. Dalam praktik komunikasi yang terjadi, masyarakat menggunakan bahasa dalam “membangun kebudayaannya”. Oleh sebab itu, pembentukan karakter bangsa pun dapat dilakukan dengan sarana bahasa. Kata Kunci :Bahasa, Pendidikan Budaya, Karakter Bangsa
REPRESENTASI ETOS KERJA ORANG SUNDA DALAM UNGKAPAN DAN FOLKLOR SUNDA
Authors: Rustandi Yuyus , Anggradinata Langgeng Prima
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAK Etos kerja orang Sunda direpresentasikan dalam ungkapan atau kosakata bahasa Sunda yang digunakan sehari-hari. Selain itu, folklor Sunda juga merepresentasikan etos kerja orang Sunda, misalnya cerita si Kabayan. Tulisan ini menganalisis representasi etos kerja orang Sunda dalam ungkapan dan folklor Sunda. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ungkapan yang kerap dituturkan oleh orang Sunda menunjukkan bahwa ungkapan-ungkapan yang dituturkan orang Sunda menunjukkan ekspresi kemalasan, misalnya ungkapan atau kosakata kumaha isuk, hoream, wanci pecat sawed, dll. Folklor si Kabayan merepresentasikan pula etos orang Sunda. Cerita itu menampilkan kembali dua tipe orang Sunda: (1) orang yang bekerja keras dan (2) orang yang malas. Cerita bermakna bahwa orang Sunda seharusnya bersikap sewajarnya; orang Sunda tidak boleh memiliki sifat malas dan ambisi yang tinggi karena keduanya sama-sama merugikan diri sendiri maupun orang lain. Dari ungkapan dan folklor tersebut terlihat representasi identitas dan dinamika orang Sunda dalam hal etos kerja. Kata kunci: etos kerja, orang Sunda, ungkapan, folklor, si Kabayan.
HASRAT EKA KURNIAWAN DALAM NOVEL SEPERTI DENDAM, RINDU HARUS DIBAYAR TUNTAS (KAJIAN PSIKOANALISIS JACQUES LACAN)
Authors: Sahara Dedi
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAKHasrat ada sejak manusia lahir, sehingga hampir tidak mungkin manusia hidup tanpa hasrat. Hasrat dipahami sebagai harapan atau keinginan yang bersifat tidak disadari. Harapan atau keinginan ini berhubungan dengan “kepenuhan” karena manusia selalu hidup dalam kondisi kekurangan. Dalam psikoanalisis Lacan, kekurangan itu terjadi karena keterpisahan secara radikal dengan sang ibu akibat kastrasi oleh sang Ayah sebagai simbol hukum atau kebudayaan, sehingga melahirkan hasrat. Eka Kurniawan sebagai pengarang adalah subjek yang berkekurangan itu, dan karya sastra merupakan manifestasi dari hasrat pengarangnya karena menulis karya sastra merupakan kompensasi atau cara untuk menutupi kekurangan tersebut. Dalam hal ini, pendekatan yang digunakan adalah psikoanalisis Lacan melalui mekanisme metafora dan metonimi dengan menganalisis rangkaian penanda seperti “penis”, “rindu”, “dendam”, “perempuan”, “pemerkosaan”, dan lainnya, yang terdapat dalam novel Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui hasrat menjadi dan hasrat untuk memiliki dari Eka Kurniawan yang termanifestasikan dalam novelnya, yaitu hasrat untuk menjadi maskulin dan hasrat untuk memiliki phallus. Eka Kurniawan telah memanipulasi penanda phallus (via penis) itu dalam berbagai cara yang mendasar dan khas untuk membentuk dan memperkuat hasrat para laki-laki heteroseksual, melalui tokoh Ajo Kawir dan citraan perempuan dalam novelnya. Hasrat maskulinitas Eka sebagai metafora dari phallus adalah objek a yang selalu didekati olehnya.  Kata Kunci: Novel, Psikoanalisis, Lacan, Hasrat, Maskulinitas, Phallus, Eka Kurniawan.
ASPEK FANTASTIK DALAM FILM GRAVE TORTURE KARYA SUTRADARA JOKO ANWAR
Authors: Suhendi Indrawan Dwisetya
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAKArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan aspek fantastik yang terdapat dalam film Grave Torture (2012) karya Sutradara Joko Anwar. Teori yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah teori fantastik Howard Phillips Lovecraft. Rasa takut yang dieksplorasi melalui struktur naratif film dan sinematografi menjadi titik berangkat kajian. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, film Grave Torture akan dideksripsikan berdasarkan aspek struktur naratif dan sinematografisnya sehingga tersaji data yang menunjukkan adanya eksplorasi rasa takut. Dari hasil analisis tersebut, satuan cerita, tokoh, ruang, waktu, kostum dan tata rias, teknik pencahayaan, serta efek suara menunjukkan adanya perlintasan dunia manusia sampai dengan alam supranatural sehingga terjadi ketaksaan ruang yang menimbulkan efek yang menyeramkan. Di samping itu, formula horor kultural-religius ditampilkan untuk lebih mengeksplorasi rasa takut dari penonton dengan budaya sama
LATAR SOSIAL DALAM NOVEL BEKISAR MERAH KARYA AHMAD TOHARI
Authors: Padoma Nova Geo Fanny Jacklin , Trisari s Agatha , Yusar Dedi
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAKKarya sastra merupakan gambaran kehidupan sosial yang dituangkan ke dalam cerita dan dapat dipahami serta dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, penulis   tertarik dengan latar sosial yang digambarkan oleh Ahmad Tohari di dalam salah satu keryanya berjudul Bekisar Merah. Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan latar sosial yang dialami oleh tokoh utama dalam novel Bekisar Merah karya Ahmad Tohari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif deskriptif. Penulis berusaha mendeskripsikan latar sosial yang di alami oleh tokoh utama. Dalam memperoleh data, penulis mendapatkan dengan cara studi pustaka menggunakan berbagai buku yang memiliki kaitan dengan latar sosial. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan latar sosial yang dialami oleh tokoh utama dengan cara memaparkan unsur intrinsik dan memaparkan latar sosial yang muncul sehingga memudahkan langkah selanjutnya  untuk  mengetahui  latar  sosial  terhadap  tokoh  utama.   Kajian  ini  pun dilakukan mengunakan analisis unsur-unsur pembagunan cerita berupa unsur intrisik yang meliputi alur, tokoh, dan latar. Kesimpulannya, terdapat  enam  latar  sosial  yang  muncul dalam kajian ini: latar sosial tokoh utama kedua,  latar  sosial  penjual  nira  ketiga,  latar kehidupan masyarakat Karangsoga keempat, latar mitos atau kepercayaan kelima, latar asal- usul Lasi keenam, latar perilaku masyarakat. Latar sosial tersebut berpengaruh  terhadap tokoh utama terhadap keputusan yang Lasi ambil. Latar sosial yang muncul lebih banyak membuat Lasi lebih banyak menderita dari pada mendapatkan kebahagaian menjadi seorang perempuan simpanan. Latar pendidikan yang sangat rendah membuat pola pikir Lasi menjadi mudah di kendalikan orang lain bahkan orang-orang yang baru ia kenal. Kata Kunci: Latar Sosial, Bekisar Merah, Kajian Intrinsik.
ARKETIPE TOKOH VALIANDRA DALAM NOVEL MISTERI TERAKHIR KARYA S. MARA GD. (KAJIAN PSIKOLOGI SASTRA)
Authors: Noviandini Koeswulandari , Mubarok Zaky
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan psikologi tokoh Valiandra dalam Novel Misteri Terakhir karya S. Mara Gd. Penelitian ini mengkaji keperibadian tokoh Valiandra yang menggunakan Pendeketan Psikologi Sastra dengan teori kepribadian Carl Gustav Jung, yaitu teori Arketipe yang meliputi Topeng, Shadow, Anima, Animus, serta Self. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik baca catat dan teknik studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu Topeng (persona) dalam diri tokoh Valiandra digunakan untuk membantu Valiandra menutupi perasaan yang sesungguhnya dengan orang-orang di sekelilingnya. Shadow (Bayangan) dalam diri Valiandra terjadi pada taraf ketakdasaran personal dan ketaksadaran kolektif. Kemudian, Anima dalam diri Valiandra yang dimunculkan oleh tokoh Valiandra merupakan proyeksi diri dari alam bawah sadar Valiandra terhadap persepsi jiwa yang mendominasi sisi feminim dalam dirinya yang muncul di kehidupan nyata. Animus yang dimunculkan tokoh Valiandra merupakan proyeksi diri dalam alam bawah sadar Valiandra terhadap persepsi jiwa yang mendominasi sisi maskulin dalam dirinya. Terakhir, Self dalam diri Valiandra merupakan proses penyeimbangan antara taraf kesadaraan dan ketaksadaraan. Self terlihat saat Valiandra mencoba untuk menjadi diri yang lebih baik. Proses ini merupakan bentuk perjuangan Valiandra untuk menuju keseimbangan dan kestabilan pada jiwanya. Kata kunci : arketipe; psikologi sastra; topeng; anima; animus; shadow; self.
Photoselective Shade Films Mitigate Heat Wave Damage by Reducing Anthocyanin and Flavonol Degradation in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Berries
Authors: Marigliano Lauren E. , Yu Runze , Torres Nazareth , Tanner Justin D. , Battany Mark , Kurtural Sahap Kaan
Published: June 2022

Wine grape production is challenged by forecasted increases in air temperature and droughts due to climate change and photoselective overhead shade films are promising tools in hot viticulture areas to overcome climate change related factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vulnerability of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grape berries to solar radiation overexposure, optimize shade film use for preserving berry composition. An experiment was conducted for two years with four shade films (D1, D3, D4, D5) with differing solar radiation spectra transmittance and compared to an uncovered control (C0). Integrals for leaf gas exchange and mid-day stem water potential were unaffected by the shade films in both years. At harvest, berry primary metabolites were not affected by treatments applied in either year. Despite precipitation exclusion during the dormant seasons in shaded treatments, and cluster zone temperatures reaching 58°C in C0, yield was not affected. Berry skin anthocyanin and flavonol composition and content were measured by C18 reversed-phase HPLC. In 2020, total skin anthocyanins (mg·berry-1) in the shaded treatments were 27% greater than C0 during berry ripening and at harvest. Conversely, flavonol content in 2020 decreased in partially shaded grapevines compared to C0. Berry flavonoid content in 2021 increased until harvest while flavonol degradation was apparent from veraison to harvest in 2020 across partially shaded and control grapevines. Untreated control showed lower di- to tri-hydroxylated flavonol ratios closer to harvest. Our results provided evidence that overhead partial shading of vineyards mitigate anthocyanin degradation by reducing cluster zone temperatures and is a useful tool in combatting climate change in hot climate regions.
A Survey of Statistical Methods for Microbiome Data Analysis
Authors: Lutz Kevin C. , Jiang Shuang , Neugent Michael L. , De Nisco Nicole J. , Zhan Xiaowei , Li Qiwei
Published: June 2022

In the last decade, numerous statistical methods have been developed for analyzing microbiome data generated from high-throughput next-generation sequencing technology. Microbiome data are typically characterized by zero inflation, overdispersion, high dimensionality, and sample heterogeneity. Three popular areas of interest in microbiome research requiring statistical methods that can account for the characterizations of microbiome data include detecting differentially abundant taxa across phenotype groups, identifying associations between the microbiome and covariates, and constructing microbiome networks to characterize ecological associations of microbes. These three areas are referred to as differential abundance analysis, integrative analysis, and network analysis, respectively. In this review, we highlight available statistical methods for differential abundance analysis, integrative analysis, and network analysis that have greatly advanced microbiome research. In addition, we discuss each method's motivation, modeling framework, and application.
Effects of Rederivation by Embryo Vitrification on Performance in a Rabbit Paternal Line
Authors: Daniel Juárez Jorge , Marco-Jiménez Francisco , Vicente José Salvador
Published: June 2022

Embryo cryopreservation is a valuable tool for maintaining genetic variability and preserving breeds and lines, allowing to assess the response to selection and enabling genetic diffusion. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of rederivation by embryo vitrification and transfer procedures on the growth and reproductive traits in a paternal rabbit line selected for average daily gain from weaning (28 days old) to fattening (63 days old). The rederived population was bred over two generations at the same time as a control population of this paternal line and, growth trait parameters (weights at weaning, end of the fattening period, and average daily gain) and reproductive performance (kindling rate, litter size at birth and at weaning) were compared with three filial generations. Moreover, fetal growth and litter size components were assessed for the second generation by ultrasonography and laparoscopy. Differences in postnatal growth traits (end of fattening weight and average daily gain) were observed in the three generations assessed. However, fetal growth, litter size components, and reproductive traits did not show significant differences. In conclusion, cryopreservation and embryo transfer processes cause changes in growth traits of reconstituted populations that influence the following generations, without changes in reproductive traits in a paternal line of rabbits.
Extracellular Optogenetics at the Interface of Synthetic Biology and Materials Science
Authors: Månsson Lisa K. , Pitenis Angela A. , Wilson Maxwell Z.
Published: June 2022

We review fundamental mechanisms and applications of OptoGels: hydrogels with light-programmable properties endowed by photoswitchable proteins (“optoproteins”) found in nature. Light, as the primary source of energy on earth, has driven evolution to develop highly-tuned functionalities, such as phototropism and circadian entrainment. These functions are mediated through a growing family of optoproteins that respond to the entire visible spectrum ranging from ultraviolet to infrared by changing their structure to transmit signals inside of cells. In a recent series of articles, engineers and biochemists have incorporated optoproteins into a variety of extracellular systems, endowing them with photocontrollability. While other routes exist for dynamically controlling material properties, light-sensitive proteins have several distinct advantages, including precise spatiotemporal control, reversibility, substrate selectivity, as well as biodegradability and biocompatibility. Available conjugation chemistries endow OptoGels with a combinatorially large design space determined by the set of optoproteins and polymer networks. These combinations result in a variety of tunable material properties. Despite their potential, relatively little of the OptoGel design space has been explored. Here, we aim to summarize innovations in this emerging field and highlight potential future applications of these next generation materials. OptoGels show great promise in applications ranging from mechanobiology, to 3D cell and organoid engineering, and programmable cell eluting materials.
An ICT-Based Coumarin Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Hydrazine and Its Application in Environmental Water Samples and Organisms
Authors: Liu Xina , Zhu Meiqing , Xu Chenyang , Fan Fugang , Chen Panpan , Wang Yi , Li Dongyang
Published: June 2022

As an inorganic small molecule pollutant, the toxicity and potential carcinogenicity of hydrazine (N2H4) are of increasing concern. In this work, A water-soluble fluorescent probe (OCYB) based on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism for the detection of hydrazine was designed and synthesized. Taking the advantage of 4-bromobutyryl as the recognition group, the high selectivity of OCYB to N2H4 was confirmed by steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 78 nM in the DMSO-HEPES (pH 7.4) system. The detection mechanism was verified by NMR, HRMS and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, OCYB exhibits strong anti-interference ability and an “Off-On” fluorescence enhancement effect. Importantly, OCYB can be used to effectively monitor the fluorescence distribution of N2H4 in environmental water samples and organisms.
Performance-Based Structural Fire Engineering of Steel Building Structures: Traveling Fires
Authors: Fischer Erica C. , Varma Amit H. , Gordon James A.
Published: June 2022

Many studies and observations of large building fires show that in large compartments, fires do not burn uniformly. Rather, fires will burn locally and move across a floor plate as fuel is consumed. Currently fire engineering practice assumes uniformly burning fires within a compartment and the fire design methodologies are based upon small compartment fire scenarios. Traveling fire modeling that accounts for fire dynamics is essential for performance-based fire engineering. This paper reviews two traveling fire models presented in literature and implements both models on a steel-frame building. An advanced analysis of the building is performed and the fire performance of the building in these travel fire scenarios are compared to the fire performance of the building when subjected to conventional fire exposure scenarios (full story fires or compartment fires). The authors then illustrate the use of structural fire engineering methodologies to improve the fire resistance of the building.
CRISPR-Cas12a System With Synergistic Phage Recombination Proteins for Multiplex Precision Editing in Human Cells
Authors: Wang Chengkun , Xia Qiong , Zhang Qianhe , Qu Yuanhao , Su Stephen , Cheng Jason K. W. , Hughes Nicholas W. , Cong Le
Published: June 2022

The development of CRISPR-based gene-editing technologies has brought an unprecedented revolution in the field of genome engineering. Cas12a, a member of the Class 2 Type V CRISPR-associated endonuclease family distinct from Cas9, has been repurposed and developed into versatile gene-editing tools with distinct PAM recognition sites and multiplexed gene targeting capability. However, with current CRISPR/Cas12a technologies, it remains a challenge to perform efficient and precise genome editing of long sequences in mammalian cells. To address this limitation, we utilized phage recombination enzymes and developed an efficient CRISPR/Cas12a tool for multiplexed precision editing in mammalian cells. Through protein engineering, we were able to recruit phage recombination proteins to Cas12a to enhance its homology-directed repair efficiencies. Our phage-recombination-assisted Cas12a system achieved up to 3-fold improvements for kilobase-scale knock-ins in human cells without compromising the specificity of the enzyme. The performance of this system compares favorably against Cas9 references, the commonly used enzyme for gene-editing tasks, with improved specificity. Additionally, we demonstrated multi-target editing with similar improved activities thanks to the RNA-processing activity of the Cas12a system. This compact, multi-target editing tool has the potential to assist in understanding multi-gene interactions. In particular, it paves the way for a gene therapy method for human diseases that complements existing tools and is suitable for polygenic disorders and diseases requiring long-sequence corrections.
Self-Sustained Regulation or Self-Perpetuating Dysregulation: ROS-dependent HIF-YAP-Notch Signaling as a Double-Edged Sword on Stem Cell Physiology and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Guo Chin-Lin
Published: June 2022

Organ development, homeostasis, and repair often rely on bidirectional, self-organized cell-niche interactions, through which cells select cell fate, such as stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The niche contains multiplexed chemical and mechanical factors. How cells interpret niche structural information such as the 3D topology of organs and integrate with multiplexed mechano-chemical signals is an open and active research field. Among all the niche factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently gained growing interest. Once considered harmful, ROS are now recognized as an important niche factor in the regulation of tissue mechanics and topology through, for example, the HIF-YAP-Notch signaling pathways. These pathways are not only involved in the regulation of stem cell physiology but also associated with inflammation, neurological disorder, aging, tumorigenesis, and the regulation of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. Positive feedback circuits have been identified in the interplay of ROS and HIF-YAP-Notch signaling, leading to the possibility that under aberrant conditions, self-organized, ROS-dependent physiological regulations can be switched to self-perpetuating dysregulation, making ROS a double-edged sword at the interface of stem cell physiology and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on how ROS and tissue mechanics affect YAP-HIF-Notch-PD-L1 signaling, hoping that the knowledge can be used to design strategies for stem cell-based and ROS-targeting therapy and tissue engineering.
Midbody-Localized Aquaporin Mediates Intercellular Lumen Expansion During Early Cleavage of an Invasive Freshwater Bivalve
Authors: Zieger Elisabeth , Schwaha Thomas , Burger Katharina , Bergheim Ina , Wanninger Andreas , Calcino Andrew D.
Published: June 2022

Intercellular lumen formation is a crucial aspect of animal development and physiology that involves a complex interplay between the molecular and physical properties of the constituent cells. Embryos of the invasive freshwater mussel Dreissena rostriformis are ideal models for studying this process due to the large intercellular cavities that readily form during blastomere cleavage. Using this system, we show that recruitment of the transmembrane water channel protein aquaporin exclusively to the midbody of intercellular cytokinetic bridges is critical for lumenogenesis. The positioning of aquaporin-positive midbodies thereby influences the direction of cleavage cavity expansion. Notably, disrupting cytokinetic bridge microtubules impairs not only lumenogenesis but also cellular osmoregulation. Our findings reveal a simple mechanism that provides tight spatial and temporal control over the formation of luminal structures and likely plays an important role in water homeostasis during early cleavage stages of a freshwater invertebrate species.
Tendon-Specific Dicer Deficient Mice Exhibit Hypoplastic Tendon Through the Downregulation of Tendon-Related Genes and MicroRNAs
Authors: Omoto Takenori , Yimiti Dilimulati , Sanada Yohei , Toriyama Minoru , Ding Chenyang , Hayashi Yuta , Ikuta Yasunari , Nakasa Tomoyuki , Ishikawa Masakazu , Sano Masayuki , Lee Minjung , Akimoto Takayuki , Shukunami Chisa , Miyaki Shigeru , Adachi Nobuo
Published: June 2022

Tendon is a fibrous connective tissue, that is, transmitting the forces that permit body movement. However, tendon/ligament biology is still not fully understood and especially, the role of miRNAs in tendon/ligament is sparse and uncharacterized in in vivo models. The objectives of this study were to address the function of DICER using mice with tendon/ligament-specific deletion of Dicer (Dicer conditional knockout; cKO), and to identify key miRNAs in tendon/ligament. Dicer cKO mice exhibited hypoplastic tendons through structurally abnormal collagen fibrils with downregulation of tendon-related genes. The fragility of tendon did not significantly affect the tensile strength of tendon in Dicer cKO mice, but they showed larger dorsiflexion angle in gait compared with Control mice. We identified two miRNAs, miR-135a and miR-1247, which were highly expressed in the Achilles tendon of Control mice and were downregulated in the Achilles tendon of Dicer cKO mice compared with Control mice. miR-135a mimic increased the expression of tendon-related genes in injured Achilles tendon-derived fibroblasts. In this study, Dicer cKO mice exhibited immature tendons in which collagen fibrils have small diameter with the downregulation of tendon-related genes such as transcriptional factor, extracellular matrix, and miRNAs. Thus, DICER plays an important role in tendon maturation, and miR-135a may have the potential to become key miRNA for tendon maturation and healing.
Relaxation Dynamics of Biomass-Derived Copolymers With Promising Gas-Barrier Properties
Authors: Sanz Alejandro , Linares Amelia , García-Gutiérrez Mari Cruz , Nogales Aurora , Paszkiewicz Sandra , Zubkiewicz Agata , Szymczyk Anna , Ezquerra Tiberio A.
Published: June 2022

This article presents an experimental study on the relaxation dynamics of a series of random copolymers based on bio-friendly comonomers with interesting gas barrier properties. We analyze the relaxation response in the glassy and ultraviscous regime of poly (trimethylene furanoate/sebacate) random copolymers via dielectric spectroscopy. We report lower values of dynamic fragility [a dimensionless index introduced in 1985 (Angell, Relaxations in Complex Systems, 1985)] in comparison to popular polyesters widely used in industry, such as poly (ethylene terephthalate), suggesting that the amorphous phase of these furanoate-based polyesters adopt an efficient chain packing. This is consistent with their low permeability to gases. We also discuss on different equations (phenomenological and theory-based approaches) for fitting the temperature-evolution of the alpha relaxation time.
Investigation of the Structural, Thermal, and Physicochemical Properties of Nanocelluloses Extracted From Bamboo Shoot Processing Byproducts
Authors: Lin Tong , Wang Qi , Zheng Xuan , Chang Yu , Cao Hui , Zheng Yafeng
Published: June 2022

Nanocellulose has gained increasing interest due to its excellent properties and great potential as a functional component or carrier in food and pharmaceutical industries. This study investigated the structural, thermal, and physicochemical properties of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) extracted from bamboo shoot (Leleba oldhami Nakal) processing byproducts. NFCs were prepared through low concentration acid hydrolysis combined with ultrasonic treatment. CNCs were further isolated from NFCs using sulfuric acid hydrolysis treatment. TEM images showed that NFC and CNC exhibited typical long-chain and needle-like structures, respectively. CNC suspension was stable due to its zeta potential of -34.3 ± 1.23 mV. As expected, both NFC and CNC displayed high crystallinity indexes of 68.51 and 78.87%, and FTIR analysis confirmed the successful removal of lignin and hemicellulose during the treatments. However, the thermogravimetric analysis indicated that sulfuric acid hydrolysis decreased the thermal stability of CNCs. The improved physicochemical properties of NFC and CNC suggested their potential in various applications.
HibeRNAtion: HIV-1 RNA Metabolism and Viral Latency
Authors: Crespo Raquel , Rao Shringar , Mahmoudi Tokameh
Published: June 2022

HIV-1 infection remains non-curative due to the latent reservoir, primarily a small pool of resting memory CD4+ T cells bearing replication-competent provirus. Pharmacological reversal of HIV-1 latency followed by intrinsic or extrinsic cell killing has been proposed as a promising strategy to target and eliminate HIV-1 viral reservoirs. Latency reversing agents have been extensively studied for their role in reactivating HIV-1 transcription in vivo, although no permanent reduction of the viral reservoir has been observed thus far. This is partly due to the complex nature of latency, which involves strict intrinsic regulation at multiple levels at transcription and RNA processing. Still, the molecular mechanisms that control HIV-1 latency establishment and maintenance have been almost exclusively studied in the context of chromatin remodeling, transcription initiation and elongation and most known LRAs target LTR-driven transcription by manipulating these. RNA metabolism is a largely understudies but critical mechanistic step in HIV-1 gene expression and latency. In this review we provide an update on current knowledge on the role of RNA processing mechanisms in viral gene expression and latency and speculate on the possible manipulation of these pathways as a therapeutic target for future cure studies.
HupZ, a Unique Heme-Binding Protein, Enhances Group A Streptococcus Fitness During Mucosal Colonization
Authors: Lyles Kristin V. , Thomas Lamar S. , Ouellette Corbett , Cook Laura C. C. , Eichenbaum Zehava
Published: June 2022

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a major pathogen that causes simple and invasive infections. GAS requires iron for metabolic processes and pathogenesis, and heme is its preferred iron source. We previously described the iron-regulated hupZ in GAS, showing that a recombinant HupZ-His6 protein binds and degrades heme. The His6 tag was later implicated in heme iron coordination by HupZ-His6. Hence, we tested several recombinant HupZ proteins, including a tag-free protein, for heme binding and degradation in vitro. We established that HupZ binds heme but without coordinating the heme iron. Heme-HupZ readily accepted exogenous imidazole as its axial heme ligand, prompting degradation. Furthermore, HupZ bound a fragment of heme c (whose iron is coordinated by the cytochrome histidine residue) and exhibited limited degradation. GAS, however, did not grow on a heme c fragment as an iron source. Heterologous HupZ expression in Lactococcus lactis increased heme b iron use. A GAS hupZ mutant showed reduced growth when using hemoglobin as an iron source, increased sensitivity to heme toxicity, and decreased fitness in a murine model for vaginal colonization. Together, the data demonstrate that HupZ contributes to heme metabolism and host survival, likely as a heme chaperone. HupZ is structurally similar to the recently described heme c-degrading enzyme, Pden_1323, suggesting that the GAS HupZ might be divergent to play a new role in heme metabolism.
Human Pacemakers and Experiential Reading
Authors: Trasmundi Sarah Bro , Toro Juan , Mangen Anne
Published: June 2022

This paper applies an embodied perspective to the study of reading and has a two-fold aim: (i) to discuss how reading is best understood in terms of cultural-cognitive performance that involves living bodies who actively engage with reading materials, and (ii) to spark a dialogue with neighboring disciplines, such as multimodality studies and movement studies, which likewise pivot on how practices and performances involve moving bodies: life is something wedo. An embodied cognitive perspective considers how performance is constrained by and draws on expertise such as lived experience as well as the material affordances available in the situation. Such a perspective is crucial for reading research as this domain has been, and largely still is, dominated by the view that reading is a silent, disembodied activity that takes place in the reader's brain by means of neural mechanisms. However, recent studies of reading practices are starting to develop new explanations emphasizing the multimodal engagement in reading as crucial for managing the activity. While this perspective is still empirically underexplored, we seek to highlight how reading is managed by readers' dynamic, embodied engagement with the material. We call this engagementcognitive pacemaking, an action-perception phenomenon we argue should be considered as the key mechanism for controlling attention. We present here a framework to understand reading in terms of pacemaking by emphasizing attentional shifts constituted by embodied modulations of lived temporality. Methodologically, we combine a close reading of a classic literary text, with the focus on attentional modulation with a qualitative study of university students reading different short texts. We highlight how meaning emerges not primarily from linguistic decoding and comprehension, but also from cognitive-cultural, multimodal engagement with the text. Finally, we conclude that empirical reading research should focus on how embodied reading differs across contexts, genres, media and personalities to better scaffold and design reading settings in accordance with those aspects.
Go Ahead, Please!—Evaluation of External Human—Machine Interfaces in a Real-World Crossing Scenario
Authors: Loew Alexandra , Graefe Julia , Heil Lukas , Guthardt Anne , Boos Annika , Dietrich André , Bengler Klaus
Published: June 2022

In the future, automated vehicles (AVs) without a human driver will potentially have to manage communication with vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians, in everyday traffic interaction situations. The aim of this work is to investigate pedestrian reactions to external communication concepts in a controlled, but real-world crossing scenario. The focus is to investigate which properties of external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs) promote the comprehensibility of vehicle intention (yielding for the pedestrian) and therefore lead to faster and, at the same time, safer crossing decisions of pedestrians. For this purpose, three different eHMI concepts (intention-based light-band, perception-based light-band, and thecombination of light-band and signal lamp) were examined and compared to a baseline (no eHMI). In a Wizard-of-Oz experiment, participants (n= 30) encountered a test vehicle equipped with the eHMIs in a real-world crossing scenario. The crossing initiation time in seconds and the participant's intention recognition were measured. Furthermore, the influence of the eHMIs on acceptance and perceived safety was evaluated. It was shown that the presence of theintention-based light-band, and thecombination of light-band and signal lampled to an earlier crossing decision compared to baseline with no eHMI. In summary, the results indicate that theintention-based light-bandhas a positive effect on the comprehensibility of the vehicle's intention. All concepts were evaluated positively regarding acceptance and perceived safety, and did not differ significantly from each other.
A Novel Frame-Shift Mutation in SCNN1B Identified in a Chinese Family Characterized by Early-Onset Hypertension
Authors: Lu Yi-Ting , Liu Xin-Chang , Zhou Ze-Ming , Zhang Di , Sun Lin , Zhang Ying , Fan Peng , Zhang Lin , Liu Ya-Xin , Luo Fang , Zhou Xian-Liang
Published: June 2022

Background

Liddle syndrome is a form of monogenic hypertension caused by mutations in the three homologous subunits of the epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs), α, β, and γ. It is characterized by early-onset refractory hypertension, hypokalemia, low renin activity, and hypoaldosteronism. In this study, we report a novel frame-shift mutation in SCNN1B responsible for Liddle syndrome in a Chinese family.

Methods

DNA samples were collected from all participants. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in the proband to detect possible causative variants. Sanger sequencing was then conducted in the other family members to verify the candidate variant, and in 100 patients with hypertension and 100 normotensive controls to exclude population genetic polymorphism.

Results

We identified a novel frame-shift mutation (c.1691_1693delinsG) in SCNN1B that was responsible for Liddle syndrome in this family. This mutation leads to the substitution of Arg in place of Gln at codon site 564 and generates a new stop codon at 592, influencing the crucial PY motif and resulting in reduced inactivation of the ENaCs. Aside from the proband, eight family members carried the mutation. Intra-familial phenotypic heterogeneity was observed in the blood pressure and serum potassium levels. Amiloride therapy combined with a low sodium diet is effective to alleviate the symptoms of patients with Liddle syndrome.

Conclusion

c.1691_1693delinsG, a novel frame-shift mutation in the β subunit of ENaC, was identified in a Chinese family with Liddle syndrome by whole-exome sequencing. Phenotypic heterogeneity can make diagnosis of Liddle syndrome difficult on the basis of clinical or biochemical characteristics alone. Genetic analysis is a useful tool allowing timely and accurate diagnosis of Liddle syndrome and playing a guiding role in precise treatment of the disease.
Heat Accumulation Mechanism of the Gaoyang Carbonatite Geothermal Field, Hebei Province, North China
Authors: Zhang Baojian , Wang Siqi , Kang Fengxin , Wu Yanqiu , Li Yanyan , Gao Jun , Yuan Wenzhen , Xing Yifei
Published: June 2022

From 2019 to 2021, we constructed two high-productivity geothermal wells with wellhead temperatures of 109.2 and 123.4°C in the Gaoyang geothermal field. Based on the two wells, it was proved that Gaoyang is a medium-temperature carbonate geothermal field with great development potential. The article reported the latest exploration achievements of deep buried hill geothermal resources in the geothermal field. The productivity of D34 and D35 geothermal wells were evaluated by James end-pressure method: the total flow of steam–water mixture was 234.59–331.92 (t/h), the dryness was 1.36–2.03%, and the single-well power generation potential was 2.10–2.55 MW. Combined with those results, the heat control factors and heat accumulation mechanism of the deep carbonatite geothermal field were confirmed. The westward subduction of the Pacific plate caused obvious damage to the eastern North China Craton and greatly reduced the thickness of the lithosphere and crust. This process facilitated the conduction of mantle-derived heat to shallow crust. Deep strike-slip faults (e.g., Maxi fault) cut through the lithosphere, leading the deep mantle-derived heat and magma to migrate into the crust. The heat accumulated from the depression with low thermal conductivity to the uplift with high thermal conductivity. Groundwater was heated up by deep cycle and convection along faults. The catchment of regional karst groundwater also had a certain effect on the heat accumulation. The Gaoyang geothermal field was formed by these factors.
Application of Time Series Analysis to Estimate Drawdown From Multiple Well Fields
Authors: Brakenhoff Davíd A. , Vonk Martin A. , Collenteur Raoul A. , Van Baar Marco , Bakker Mark
Published: June 2022

In 2018–2020, meteorological droughts over Northwestern Europe caused severe declines in groundwater heads with significant damage to groundwater-dependent ecosystems and agriculture. The response of the groundwater system to different hydrological stresses is valuable information for decision-makers. In this paper, a reproducible, data-driven approach using open-source software is proposed to quantify the effects of different hydrological stresses on heads. A scripted workflow was developed using the open-source Pastas software for time series modeling of heads. For each head time series, the best model structure and relevant hydrological stresses (rainfall, evaporation, river stages, and pumping at one or more well fields) were selected iteratively. A new method was applied to model multiple well fields with a single response function, where the response was scaled by the distances between the pumping and observation wells. Selection of the best model structure was performed through reliability checking based on four criteria. The time series model of each observation well represents an independent estimate of the contribution of different hydrological stresses to the head and is based exclusively on observed data. The approach was applied to estimate the drawdown caused by nearby well fields to 250 observed head time series measured at 122 locations in the eastern part of the Netherlands, a country where summer droughts can cause problems, even though the country is better known for problems with too much water. Reliable models were obtained for 126 head time series of which 78 contain one or more well fields as a contributing stress. The spatial variation of the modeled responses to pumping at the well fields show the expected decline with distance from the well field, even though all responses were modeled independently. An example application at one well field showed how the head response to pumping varies per aquifer. Time series analysis was used to determine the feasibility of reducing pumping rates to mitigate large drawdowns during droughts, which depends on the magnitude and response time of the groundwater system to changes in pumping. This is salient information for decision-makers. This article is part of the special issue “Rapid, Reproducible, and Robust Environmental Modeling for Decision Support: Worked Examples and Open-Source Software Tools”.
Constraining Paleoseismicity of the Wulashan Piedmont Fault on the Northern Margin of the Ordos Block From Fault Scarp Morphology
Authors: Bi Haiyun , Shi Lin , Zhang Dongli , Peng Hui , Yang Jingjun , You Zicheng , Sun Xin
Published: June 2022

Fault scarps preserve important information about past earthquakes on a fault, and thus can be applied to investigate the fault slip histories and rupture patterns. In this study, the morphology of fault scarps was used to constrain the paleoseismicity of the Wulashan Piedmont Fault located on the northern margin of the Ordos Block based on high-resolution LiDAR topography. We constructed the vertical displacement distribution of the fault through measuring the heights of a large number of scarp profiles extracted on different geomorphic surfaces along the fault. Through statistical analysis of the dense collection of vertical displacement dataset, a total of seven paleoseismic events were identified which followed a characteristic slip pattern with an average slip of ∼1.0 m. We further detected slope breaks in the fault scarp morphology to quantify the number of paleoearthquakes that occurred on the scarps, and discriminated at least five individual surface-breaking events. Both the number and slip of paleoearthquakes recognized from the morphology of fault scarps were in good agreement with previous paleoseismic trenching records. Based on the empirical scaling relationship between moment magnitude and rupture parameters, a moment magnitude ofMw6.7–7.5 was determined for the paleoearthquakes occurred on the fault. With the fault slip rate derived by previous studies, we estimated an average recurrence interval of 1.3–1.8 kyr for the paleoseismic events, which is very close to the elapsed time since the most recent earthquake, indicating a high potential seismic hazard on the Wulashan Piedmont Fault.