bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verticalising the multi-level analysis of urban and spatial development across geographies
Authors: Milbert Antonia , Mueller André , Kundu Debolina , Sharma Pragya
Published: January 2024

Making the analysis of urban and spatial development more acceptable by all levels of analysis and governance requires a multi-level – or in other words vertical – approach to indicators measuring development paths. The 2030 Agenda of the United Nations with its 17 Sustainable Development Goals offers a promising chance to establish, maintain, and further develop a monitoring system that is supported by all levels involved, as well as all stakeholder groups and individuals across all levels. First experiences gathered in a nation (Germany) and bilateral and supranational context (Germany, Europe, and India) deliver recommendations for research and practice, and might thus show a possible way to attain successfully this goal.
Adding value by national reporting to sustainability approaches of the local-regional level: The case of Germany
Authors: Peters Oliver , Scheller Henrik
Published: January 2024

Global socio-environmental challenges and local impacts, global agendas, and local implementation: multi-level governance has never been more important – or more complex. To keep track of progress and the challenges in sustainable urban development, monitoring systems at all levels are at different stages of development and in need of harmonisation. In this context, national reporting can link the global level with the local one by identifying and reviewing framework conditions, and setting indicator and data standards for cities, counties, and municipalities. This raises questions about the awareness of different issues, resource imbalances and, not least, the effectiveness of standardised monitoring. This paper provides valuable insights into the lessons learned from the preparation of the first national progress report on the implementation of the New Urban Agenda. The reflections could support further governance and monitoring efforts not only at the national level but also across all levels.
Перевод топонимов как проблема обучения художественному переводу (на материале переводов студентов и учеников старших классов)
Authors: Иванова Ваня
Published: January 2024

Настоящая статья посвящена переводу топонимов и основным трудностям, с которыми сталкиваются в этом процессе молодые переводчики.
Цель настоящей статьи – выявить некоторые ошибки при переводе топонимов, в частности, одного из их видов – урбанонимов (названий внутригородских объектов) с русского языка на болгарский язык. Настоящее исследование реализовано на материале переводов студентов и учеников старших классов.
Основными методами, используемыми в ходе исследования, являются дескриптивный, сопоставительный анализ перевода с оригиналом на лексическом и семантическом уровнях, обзор переводческих ошибок с точки зрения их сущности и причин возникновения. Анализ настоящих переводов учащихся позволил отметить следующие ошибки в области передачи топонимических названий – урбанонимов с русского на болгарский язык: неточную передачу названий, входящих в разряд национально-специфических реалий, собственно реалий и аббревиатур; несоблюдение пунктуационных правил болгарского языка при написании топонимов, обозначающих улицы, площади и т.п.; неточности, связанные с графической формой названий.
Результаты анализа актуальны для обучения художественному переводу и помогут исправить ошибки данного типа в процессе подготовки молодых переводчиков.
О культурной памяти в переводе (теоретический аспект)
Authors: Baleja Piotr
Published: January 2024

Статья посвящена категории культурной памяти в переводе, которая в существенной степени влияет на переводческие решения. Автором подчеркивается, что теоретические положения зарубежных ученых, особенно Яна Ассмана и Мориса Хальбвакса, играют важную роль в осмыслении сложностей, с которыми приходится столкнуться переводчику. В статье отмечаются идентификационная и компенсаторная функции культурной памяти, ибо они ярчайшим образом проявляются в национальных мифах и других важных нарративах культуры оригинала и перевода.
Учитывая достижения в области переводоведения, автор расценил как необходимое вписать понятие культурной памяти в уже существующие положения выдающихся теоретиков данной научной дисциплины. Существенными для настоящего исследования оказались работы Кшиштофа Хейвовского, Романа Левицкого, Анны Беднарчик, Фрица Пепке и других. Автором отмечается, что в культуре перевода добиться ассоциаций схожих, с возникающими в культуре подлинника, учитывая специфику культурной памяти народов-реципиентов, может оказаться задачей весьма сложной или порой невозможной.
В статье сформулирован вывод о необходимости формировать переводческую компетентность в области культурной памяти. Автором проводится также классификация возможных проблем, мотивированных культурной памятью. Выделяются объективные, то есть сугубо онтологические, сложности и субъективные, определяющиеся человеческим фактором.
Odpowiedzialność jako odpowiedź na wartości
Authors: Kmieć Paweł
Published: January 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie pojęcia „odpowiedzialność” w jego interdyscyplinarnym znaczeniu, a również w ujęciu filozoficznym oraz językowym. Drugim istotnym celem pracy jest podkreślenie istoty odpowiedzialności w życiu ludzkim i uwidocznienie, że jest ona kluczowym elementem do wypełniania wartości oraz odnalezienia sensu własnego istnienia. W pracy również została zawarta historyczna transformacja znaczeniowa pojęcia od starożytności do czasów współczesnych.

Do napisania artykułu autorowi posłużyła analiza artykułów naukowych o charakterze filozoficznym i językowym, słowniki pojęciowe, encykliki papieskie oraz książka autorstwa Victora Frankla – Człowiek w poszukiwaniu sensu. Autor posłużył się też etymologią słowa pochodzącą z prawa rzymskiego, co stanowi punkt wyjściowy do dalszych rozważań i transformacji znaczenia słowa na przestrzeni epok. W starożytności przede wszystkim odnosiło się do sfery sądowniczo-prawnej, w chrześcijaństwie rolę zaczęła odgrywać wolna wola i sprawowanie woli boskiej, w oświeceniu nastąpiło rozgraniczenie między porządek, a wolę, co stanowi fundament rozważań dwudziestowiecznych filozofów przede wszystkim w sferze moralności i etyki. Swoje wnioski autor konfrontuje z dziełem autorstwa Victora Frankla przedstawiającego istotę odpowiedzialności w warunkach obozu koncentracyjnego.

Artykuł uwidacznia trudność w jednoznacznym zdefiniowaniu pojęcia „odpowiedzialność”, co może posłużyć do dalszych badań językoznawczych, literackich dotyczących tego pojęcia.
Management of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and Evaluation of Survival Rate in Cats Exposed to Trauma
Authors: Çatalkaya Emine , Ersöz-Kanay Berna
Published: January 2024

Background: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a complex condition that may be associated with sepsis or may progress with trauma, burns, and major surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and survival rate in traumatized cats. Methods: The study material consisted of 34(22.66%) cats diagnosed with SIRS among 150 cats who were traumatized by falling from a height. Cats were monitored and vital signs such as pulse, respiration, arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation and body temperature were recorded. In addition, laboratory whole blood and biochemical tests were performed. In the treatment of cats with SIRS, it was aimed to provide circulatory support and support measures to keep the animal alive. Result: 27(79.41%) cats with SIRS died due to lung failure or multi-organ failure and 7(20.58%) cats survived. The prognosis in SIRS patients with trauma depends on the patient’s response to aggressive treatment and supportive care. SIRS has a high mortality rate. Common causes of death include cardiovascular collapse, multi-organ dysfunction and acute lung injury.
Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Rosner Elisheva
Published: January 2024

Quality improvement is paramount in the nursing profession today, and there is increased awareness and focus on implementing evidence-based practices into nursing care. The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) is an evidence-based program that promotes and protects exclusive breastfeeding by encouraging breast milk feeds to infants from the time of birth. This article will discuss the history and current state of breastfeeding in the United States as well as an evidence-based change model that can be used to implement the BFHI to change the status quo and future of breastfeeding in the United States. Physical benefits to the infant and mother as well as financial benefits to the mother, hospital, and global economy will also be addressed.
Примена агилног управљања пројектима у библиотекама: Дигитална библиотека Суботица
Authors: Палфи Анита , Родић Лукић Весна , Родић Јелена
Published: January 2024

Као институција која пружа приступ знању, информацијама и ресурсима од јавног значаја, библиотека има неизоставну улогу у задовољавању образовних и културних потреба друштва. Да би испунила потребе корисника, мора непрестано да се прилагођава променама у времену, технологији и друштву. Из тог разлога је кључно да има креативан, флексибилан и агилан профил, који подразумева брзу и ефикасну реакцију на захтеве корисника, али такође подстиче тимски рад, константну комуникацију, као и развој нових концепата рада – што су све саставни делови креативне економије.У оквиру овог рада приказана је студија случаја Градске библиотеке Суботица (у даљем тексту ГБС), која је у свој рад имплементирала агилно управљање ради унапређења својих библиотечких пракси. ГБС примењује вишефункционалну и тимску стратегију која омогућава развој заједничког рада у библиотеци и процес дигитализације локалног културног наслеђа. Oна подразумева процес изградње програма који подстиче креативно размишљање, усавршавање, заједнички рад, као и процес дигитализације завичајног фонда, користећи агилно управљање, које наглашава вредност сарадње и истраживања у библиотекама.Циљ овог рада је истраживање значаја, вредности и ефикасности агилног управљања у библиотекама на примеру рада ГБС. Поред теоријског дела, у тексту је представљен и практичан рад на дигитализацији културног наслеђа ГБС уз коришћење метода агилног управљања.
Библиотека као место: повратак музејону
Authors: Јокановић Mилена
Published: January 2024

Делећи своје порекло – будући да обоје потичу од античког музејона – библиотека и музеј преплићу се у својој суштини. Тежећи окупљању свег знања света, они представљају места учења, размене знања, али и контемплације. Услед развоја технологије и дигиталних простора памћења крајем 20. века, многи аутори у различитим областима друштвено- хуманистичких наука говоре о превазилажењу потребе за реалним местима чувања информација и о потенцијалу непрегледних простора веба, који ће најзад окупити свезнање. Тек студије почетком 21. века, а посебно након кризе изазване пандемијом ковида 19 и препоручене физичке изолације, указују на неопходност постојања места сусрета у заједницама. У овом раду се указује на значај библиотеке као места – простора који, иако прилагођен потребама друштва у 21. веку, и даље у својој бити представља музејон. Стога се нуде могући одговори на питање зашто, ако се данас информације могу добити у било ком формату и може им се приступити било где, библиотека као реалан простор и даље има значајну друштвену улогу. Како би успостављена хипотеза била потврђена, у раду се ослања на теорију музеологије и доприносе из домена историјских модела колекционирања, као и на релевантна истраживања у области библиотекарства, те на истраживања посвећена значају искуственог, телесног доживљаја у просторима музеја и библиотека. Теоријски оквир је илустрован одабраним савременим примерима из Србије.
Немачке библиотеке кроз историју и данас
Authors: Костић Томовић Јелена
Published: January 2024

Овај рад нуди кратак преглед историје библиотека на немачком језичком подручју од средњег века до 2021. године. Након уводних информација о самом немачком језичком подручју у прошлости и садашњости, следи неколико напомена о библиотекама које су, претпоставља се, на њему постојале у римско доба. На то се надовезују информације о првим владарским и манастирским библиотекама у доба династије Каролинга и династије Отона, а затим и о првим немачким универзитетским библиотекама у 14. веку.Највећу пажњу рад посвећује Гутенберговој револуцији и реформацији и њиховом утицају на ширење писмености и образовања, и на развој библиотека. Текст потом прати процват библиотека на немачким дворовима у 17. и 18. веку, отварање првих комерцијалних библиотека и велики напредак универзитетских библиотека у доба просветитељства, те ширење модерне библиотечке мреже у Немачком царству након 1871. године.Током 20. века посебно су била занимљива различита тежишта библиотека у Западној и Источној Немачкој, а затим укључивање источнонемачких библиотека у западнонемачке токове по паду Берлинског зида 1989. и уједињењу Немачке 1991. године.Подаци с почетка треће деценије 21. века показују да у све три земље које чине језгро данашњег немачког језичког подручја библиотеке бележе известан пад корисника и посетилаца. То се великим делом, али не и сасвим, може приписати пандемији вируса ковид 19, јер се библиотеке суочавају и са другим изазовима, а пре свега са неопходношћу да се непрекидно прилагођавају променама које доноси брз развој информационе технологије.
Руска јавна библиотека у Београду
Authors: Кампе Леонид
Published: January 2024

Руска јавна библиотека која је постојала у Београду између два светска рата била је друга по величини руска библиотека ван Русије. Свој живот почела је као скромна збирка књига Сверуског савеза градова. Експанзију доживљава после 1928. године, када прелази под надзор новооснованог Руског комитета за културу. Преживљава Други светски рат, током којег добија титулу највеће руске библиотеке ван Русије. Званично престаје са радом по ослобођењу Београда, када зграду Руског дома преузима Совјетски Савез. Богати фонд постепено нестаје, све до осамдесетих година прошлог века.Циљ овог рада је да библиотекарској и широј јавности скрене пажњу на институцију која је представљала један од битних чинилаца културног живота Београда све до краја Другог светског рата.
AKTIVNO GRAĐANSTVO SEOSKIH ŽENA - OD (NE)PRIPADANJA ZAJEDNICI DO (NE)FORMALNE PARTICIPACIJE
Authors: Čikić Jovana , Bilinović Rajačić Ana
Published: January 2024

Aktuelni, neo-endogeni model ruralnog razvoja ističe aktivno građanstvo i novo ruralno liderstvo kao principe kroz koje se promoviše održivost lokalnih ruralnih zajednica. Ujedno, ovaj razvojni model podstiče pluralitet aktera, posebno aktivizam onih koji su do sada bili slabije vidljivi u javnoj sferi. Ovo se, između ostalog, odnosi i na seoske žene. U tom se kontekstu analiziraju obeležja aktivnog građanstva seoskih žena i to na osnovu: a) njihove slike o ruralnosti, b) percepcije važnosti aktera u ruralnom razvoju i c) oblika aktivizma u životu ruralne zajednice. Glavna hipoteza je da je aktivno građanstvo seoskih žena na niskom nivou. Analiza je vršena na osnovu rezultata anketnog istraživanja u kojem je učestvovalo 503 seoske žene iz 14 vojvođanskih sela. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da većina žena ima razvijen osećaj pripadanja zajednici izgrađen na pozitivnoj slici o ruralnosti. Ispitanice smatraju da su lokalni akteri najvažniji i time potvrđuju značaj upravljanja zajednicom „iznutra“. Seoske žene koje su aktivne u javnom životu zajednice preferiraju civilni sektor angažovanja što je u skladu da obrascima i odnosima koji su deo njihove ruralne svakodnevnice.
PATOLOGIJA POGLEDA U PANOPTIČKOM DRUŠTVU
Authors: Mićić Nemanja
Published: January 2024

Nit vodilju rada predstavlja istraživanje relacija koje formiraju prevashodno instance znanja, moći i pogleda. Pomenuti pojmovi prepoznati su kao neki od konstitutivnih za način mišljenja zapadnoevropske kulture. U tekstu se pokazuje da je moguće formulisati fundamentalno drugačiji oblik društvenog organizovanja, ukoliko se učmali mehanizmi despotskih režima vladavine i sveopšte hijerarhizacije povdrgnu svojevrsnoj dekonstrukciji. Model „panoptikona“, kao jedan od glavnih uzora formiranja institucija poput zatvora, bolnica, mentalnih ustanova, škola, i dr. može se pokazati kao zamenjiv, ukoliko polugu znanja i moći prepoznamo kao onu koja ne vodi nužno represivnim načinima ispoljavanja.
THE COMMUNICATIVE-PRAGMATIC MODEL OF NEWS TEXTS DISSEMINATING CHINESE CULTURE AMONG CENTRAL ASIAN COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Wenjuan Niu , Sazhyna Alena , Radić-Bojanić Biljana
Published: January 2024

In this paper we study the definition of Chinese cultural values and their verbal representation in one of the leading news genres – the event note, on the material of Chinese English-language press. The cultural values of China are currently a hot topic, which is covered by various information channels – the radio, TV, the Internet, the press. However, linguistic modeling of such texts has received little coverage so far, which reduces the effectiveness of such texts as educational material as well as the material for comparative studies. The building of the communicative-pragmatic model of the event note as a news text genre, on the one hand, reveals the linguo-stylistic, communicative and pragmatic characteristics of the object of study, while on the other hand, it reveals the features of the components of the communicative-pragmatic model of the event note, which will allow transmitting the acquired knowledge for the analysis of other genres of text on the material of various languages. The language means used in the verbalization of the structural components of the event note and the strategical potential have their own specifics and make the process of communication successful.
ФЕНОМЕН СМРТИ У ЕПСКИМ ПЕСМАМА КОСОВСКОГ ЦИКЛУСА – ЈЕДАН ОКВИР КУЛТУРЕ СЕЋАЊА
Authors: Вукадиновић Снежана , Tošović Ognjen
Published: January 2024

Српска православна црква је у склопу стварања светачког култа кнеза Лазара изградила институционалне оквире неопходне за настанак културе сећања на Косовску битку (1389). Усмена традиција је преузела кључне идеје црквене интерпетације битке, али су се оне мешале са старим митско-магијским представама које су се, упркос вековном процесу христијанизације, очувале у српском народу. У епским песмама је на тај начин дошло до смештања једног историјског догађаја у идејне оквире сачињене од, понекад кондратикорних, хришћанских и митско-магијских елемената. У овом раду ћемо уз помоћ компаративне анализе приказати како се то одразило на представу феномена смрти која чини неизоставни део сваког наратива о бици на Косову.
Protective effect of corncob extract cream on guinea pig (Cavia porcellus sp) skin pigmentation exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) rays
Authors: Harlisa Pasid , Puspitasari Indah Wahyu , Yuliyanti Suryani
Published: January 2024

Ultraviolet B (UVB) rays exposure causes skin inflammation and pigmentation lead to decrease skin lightness. Corncobs (Zea mays) contain flavonoids which can act as antioxidant to prevent free radicals and protect the skin pigmentation. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of corncob extract cream on skin pigmentation exposed to UVB rays. This pre-posttest control group study was applied to 25 guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus sp) randomly divided into five groups. Corncob extract cream was given every day 20 min before and 4 h after UVB exposure. The UVB exposure total dose was 780 mJ/cm2. Mexameter examination was carried out on the 1st day and 28th day after treatment. There were significantly differences in the lightness level and the mean melanin index (MI) difference of guinea pigs before and after intervention on various groups (p<0.05). No significantly different of the MI between pre- and post-treatment was observed on normal control group (0.22) and negative control group (-1.06) (p>0.05). However, significantly different of the MI was observed on positive control group (-4.01), corncob 40% group (-2.72), and corncob 30% group (-2.03) (p<0.05). In conclusion, corncob extract cream can inhibit the skin pigmentation due UVB rays exposure.
“Phenomenon of laziness” in philosophical reflection of a mathematics teaching to a nonmathematician
Authors: Erovenko Valery A.
Published: January 2024

Many individuals face manifestations of their own or someone else's laziness. In particular, the laziness of non-mathematical students studying mathematics is a multi-level phenomenon that is an obstacle to achieving the educational goal. However, the complexity of the task of overcoming laziness concludes that morally justified motives can be behind each individual manifestation. The used normative and evaluative nature of the phenomenon of student laziness complicates the possibilities of its philosophical reflection, which, due to its ambiguity, has not yet become a substantive element of a mathematics teaching.
Gender awareness and patriarchal relations on merariq kodeq culture in Ampenan Mataram
Authors: Aryati Risma Ade , Susanti Emy
Published: January 2024

Early marriage is still a central issue in Indonesian society, including in Ampenan, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara. This study aims to reveal gender awareness and patriarchal relations in merariq kodeq culture in Ampenan Mataram. Sylvia Walby’s patriarchy theory is used as a tool to analyze. This study uses a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. Subject of this research is women who are married for the first time and are under 19 years old. The results showed that merariq kodeq occurs through a long process of Sasak tradition that still survives today. The tradition also has implications for the emergence of patriarchal relations in domestic life. This study concludes that patriarchal relations in early marriage perpetuate domination not only in the private sector but also in the public sector. Patriarchal relations are also the root cause of domestic violence.
Principles and forms of international legal regulation of private military and security companies
Authors: Nikitin A.
Published: January 2024

While mercenarism as a social phenomenon has evolved through the centuries, in the 20th–21st centuries it has acquired new dimensions as a result of emergence of private military and security companies (PMCs/PMSCs). The PMSCs’ participation in conflicts that expanded from the wars of the era of decolonization in Africa through conflicts in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya to special military operation in Ukraine has been quite wide and created new legal precedents. The classic 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries does not cope with the task of international legal regulation of the activities of expanded PMCs, since it was created to suppress individual mercenarism, not corporate provision of private military and security services. In recent decades, competition has developed between the mechanism of self-regulation of PMSCs (the Montreux Initiative and the Code of Conduct of Companies), on the one hand, and the draft legally binding UN Convention on regulating PMSCs, on the other hand. In this article, guiding principles of regulation of PMSCs the form the basis for the draft UN Convention are analyzed and discussed.
One man in the field is no warrior: Turkey’s key private military companies
Authors: Avatkov V. , Sbitneva A.
Published: January 2024

The article examines key private military companies affiliated with the Republic of Turkey. In a new type of security architecture that is being formed non-state actors play a growing role. These actors include private military companies (PMCs) and structures close to PMCs in the form of their activities. In Turkey, there is neither legislation in the field of PMCs, nor generally accepted classification of such organizations, which, however, have a significant impact on the country’s foreign and security policies. The main approaches of Turkish analysts to the study and classification of PMCs are largely similar to those adopted in the West and are confined to dividing them into military service providers, military consulting and military assistance companies. Of several PMC-type structures formed by the former Turkish military, the most famous ones are SADAT and rapidly developing Akademi Sancak. These companies do not position themselves as combat actors despite the existing evidence of the participation of some of their employees (especially in the case of SADAT) in armed conflicts in Libya, Syria, and other regions. At the same time, in Turkish socio-political discourse, SADAT is often referred to as the government’s “shadow army” due to its alleged ties with Turkey’s ruling elites. The authors conclude that for Turkey, private military companies form a relatively new phenomenon. However, many Turkish experts as well as the leaders of the PMCs underscore the need to develop this area of military activity, as PMCs could potentially implement a number of important foreign policy tasks and serve as an auxiliary force for the state and the Turkish Armed Forces.
relações entre as viagens de descobrimento e o processo de construção científico moderno
Authors: Cardoso Paulo Thiago , Passos Videira Antonio Augusto
Published: January 2024

Este artigo pretende apresentar uma discussão sobre a possibilidade de identificarmos as possíveis contribuições das viagens de descobrimento, enfatizando as navegações portuguesas, para a construção do pensamento científico moderno. Por um lado, é analisado o valor da experiência direta valorizada pelos portugueses como critério de certeza acerca das afirmações sobre o mundo geográfico que acabaram por colocar em questão a concepção de mundo difundida a partir dos clássicos antigos – os gregos – e, por outro lado, é apresentado uma concepção de ciência moderna que comporta as contribuições dos chamados homens práticos, como os navegadores, cuja atividade marítima promove um debate, no campo da geografia e cartografia sobre a própria constituição do mundo, sem, contudo, romper definitivamente com a tradição cosmológica. A nossa análise é realizada por meio de uma discussão crítica com a historiografia existente.
ceticismo cartesiano
Authors: Biasoli Luis
Published: January 2024

A natureza do ceticismo cartesiano é um dos pontos mais controversos e desafiadores na interpretação das Meditações Metafísicas. O objetivo do presente trabalho é mostrar que as dúvidas apresentadas e desenvolvidas pelo filósofo do século XVII tem um cunho de natureza epistemológica, por meio da seguinte questão norteadora investigativa: qual o papel e a função de expor a possibilidade de que todo o conhecimento pode ser, definitivamente, duvidoso, através da hipótese da dúvida dos sonhos ou da existência do gênio maligno? Para tanto, seguir-se-á o método crítico-analítico de investigação, via revisão bibliográfica de alguns dos principais comentaristas que tratam sobre a presente questão, ademais serão escrutinadas as hipóteses céticas apresentadas por Descartes na sua principal obra, como em excertos significativos de sua vida teórica, nas quais abordou e confrontou tal temática. Nossos achados teóricos conclusivos põem evidenciam em tela que o ceticismo exerce um papel central na fundamentação do conceito de ciência no sistema cartesiana com impactos na teoria causal da percepção antigo-medieval, dado que a certeza como critério último da verdade, defendida por Descartes, origina-se de uma atitude de dúvida sobre a verdade das crenças sobre a existência dos corpos exteriores e mesmo de suas essências; passando, agora, a residir na certeza da verdade de ideias como a de Deus, e a do “eu sou, eu existo”. (AT, VII, 27; IX-1, 21).
Decentralized Science (DeSci): Definition, Shared Values, and Guiding Principles
Authors: Weidener Lukas
Published: January 2024

Background: Rapid advancements in Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), including blockchain, are foundational to a new era of digital innovation. This innovation has catalyzed the emergence of ‘Decentralized Science (DeSci),’ a new concept and movement that aims to address the challenges of modern science. Objective: Given the novelty of the field of DeSci, this study aims to provide a comprehensive definition of the term as well as explore and conceptualize shared values and guiding principles inherent to DeSci. Methods: In line with the objectives of this study, an exploratory literature review was conducted to identify and synthesize the scholarly and secondary literature. The search and selection process included six databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, arXiv, and Social Science Research Network), and the search period was limited to the last 15 years, from 2008 to 2023. To identify relevant secondary literature, such as articles, reports, blog posts, and website content, a keyword search was conducted in three search engines (Google.com, Bing.com, and Yahoo.com). Owing to the novelty of the concept and movement of DeSci, the exploratory literature review was supplemented by an anonymous online-based expert survey using a combination of single-choice and open-ended questions. The experts were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, in association with their activities in the field of DeSci. The responses to the single-choice questions were subject to statistical analysis, whereas the open-ended questions were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Seven studies were selected for evaluation as part of the search and selection process to identify relevant scholarly literature. Following the review of secondary literature, additional 24 publications were included in the analysis. In the expert survey, 39 valid datasets were collected and analyzed. Following the synthesis of the results of the exploratory literature review and expert survey, a comprehensive definition of the term ‘Decentralized Science’ (DeSci) was formulated to reflect recurring themes. As no publications that explicitly discussed or addressed the values or principles of DeSci in the exploratory literature review could be identified, a set of shared values and guiding principles for DeSci were defined based on the results of the expert survey. Conclusion: The results of this study underscore the emerging nature of DeSci, as evidenced by the limited availability of relevant information and scarcity of academic publications. While this study proposes a comprehensive definition of DeSci as well as a set of shared values and guiding principles, the results of this study highlight the importance of ongoing evaluation and validation. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate a clear need for future research in the field of DeSci, emphasizing its dynamic and developing nature.
Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alreshidi Mateq Ali
Published: January 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are a serious healthcare concern that must be treated with appropriate antibiotic therapy. However, antibiotic resistance among UPEC strains is increasing, particularly among individuals with recurrent illness. The proliferation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) generating UPEC, as well as the increase of UPEC strains that display resistance to several antimicrobial drugs, adds to the difficulty of managing UTIs. UPEC strain genetic variants have a significant influence in their capacity to resist antimicrobial agents and adapt to changing environments. Understanding the genomic landscape of developing UPEC strains is critical for understanding the genetic basis of their resistance. Furthermore, tracking these genetic strains is critical for identifying patterns of resistance spread, directing infection control efforts, and educating.
Design and Simulation of Tunneling Diodes With 2D Insulators for Rectenna Switches
Authors: Li Evelyn , Raju Parameswari , Zhao Erhai
Published: January 2024

Rectenna is the key component in radio-frequency circuits for receiving and converting electromagnetic waves into direct current. However, it is very challenging for the conventional semiconductor diode switches to rectify high-frequency signals for 6G telecommunication (>100 GHz), medical detection (>THz) and rectenna solar cells (optical frequencies). Such a major challenge can be resolved by replacing the conventional semiconductor diodes with tunneling diodes as the rectenna switches. In this work, metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunneling diodes based on 2D insulating materials were designed, and their performance was evaluated using a comprehensive simulation approach which includes density-function-theory simulation of 2D insulator materials, modeling of the electrical characteristics of tunneling diodes, and circuit simulation for rectifiers. It is found that novel 2D insulators such as monolayer TiO2 can be obtained by oxidizing sulfur-metal layered materials. The MIM diodes based on such insulators exhibit fast tunneling and excellent current rectifying properties. Such tunneling diodes effectively convert the received high-frequency electromagnetic waves into direct current.
Spring-In Prediction of CFRP Part Using Coupled Analysis of Forming and Cooling Processes in Stamping
Authors: Ryu Jae-Chang , Lee Chan-Joo , Jang Jin-Seok , Ko Dae-Cheol
Published: January 2024

The spring-in phenomenon of the composite parts can affect the assembly process. This study aims to predict the spring-in phenomenon of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) part. Here, we predict the spring-in of the CFRP part using a coupled analysis of the forming and cooling processes during the stamping process. First, a simulation of the entire forming process, such as the transfer of the composite laminate, gravity analysis, and forming was performed to obtain the temperature distribution of the CFRP part. Subsequently, a finite-element (FE) simulation of the cooling process was conducted to predict the spring-in phenomenon of the shaped CFRP part using the temperature data obtained in the forming simulation. Finally, a CFRP part was manufactured and compared with the results of the FE simulation.
Superhéroes en tránsito. Las series de Disney-Marvel
Authors: Rico Guastavino Ignacio Pablo
Published: January 2024

Hoy en día, los superhéroes habitan nuestros artefactos culturales en una serie de objetos narrativos que podríamos considerar transmedia: cómics, películas, narraciones literarias, o videojuegos. Han trascendido lo que hemos llamado narrativa de superhéroes: los principales géneros populares, así, han terminado por encontrarse con lo superheroico. Pese a las diversas mutaciones que ha sufrido el concepto de individuo a lo largo de los siglos, lo cierto es que los héroes nunca se han marchado de nuestras fantasías. Pero el superhéroe ha eliminado los tradicionales espacio mítico y tiempo mágico para circunscribir su aventura a la sociedad de hoy. Las ocho series del Universo Cinematográfico Marvel, estrenadas en la plataforma de streaming Disney Plus (2021-2022), ofrecen, amoldándose a los patrones de diferentes géneros y subgéneros, una nueva contracción de esos tiempo y espacio. No solo se ha suprimido a menudo la distancia junguiana que media entre sombra y máscara, sino que han convertido la definición de su identidad en relato. Tanto este aspecto como los condicionantes industriales –el hecho de estar al servicio de una una narración transmedia— limitan el sentido y el alcance de productos que acaban funcionando a modo de trailers de futuros lanzamientos de Walt Disney Pictures.
Trauma, sexo y cuerpo en fleabag de phoebe waller bridge (2016-2019)
Authors: Artigas Iglesias Marina
Published: January 2024

El presente estudio de investigación tiene por objetivo analizar desde una perspectiva crítica la aclamada serie de televisión Fleabag, escrita por Phoebe Waller-Bridge y dirigida por Harry Bradbeer. Para ello se contemplará desde un punto de vista psicológico las consecuencias que el trauma de perder a su madre y a su mejor amiga tienen en la mente y el cuerpo de la protagonista y cómo afecta a sus relaciones familiares y sexoafectivas. Se tendrán en cuenta teorías de crítica feminista sobre el cuerpo y escritas por Susan Bordo y Adrienne Rich; y teorías sobre las relaciones de poder escritas por Michel Foucault.
Application of hydrological indices and GIS for the detection of areas at risk of erosion – a case study of the Oued Rhumel watershed, East Algeria
Authors: Miloud Koussa , Berhail Sabri
Published: January 2024

In Algeria, the loss of water capacity in reservoirs is a major challenge in the face of a significant increase in water demand. This loss of resources is due to the sedimentation of reservoirs, one of the most serious consequences of erosion. The use of hydrological indices is widely recognized as a highly effective method of providing input data for the cartographic representation of erosion-prone areas within geographic information systems. In the present study, the hydrological indices essential for erosion modeling were obtained through meticulous processing and analysis of a digital elevation model. The various indices, including the sediment transport index, composite topographic index and stream power index, were combined with other relevant variables such as slope, curvature, channel spacing and channel density.
The results of the survey showed that a significant part of the Oued Rhumel catchment, located in the eastern region of Algeria, i.e. 24.35% or 1,292.72 km2, is located in an extremely high or high erosion zone, which requires the immediate implementation of conservation measures. In addition, a total of 190.81 km2 or 2,024.47 km2 is located in areas with a moderate or low risk of erosion respectively. It is therefore evident that the use of primary and secondary derivatives of the digital elevation model, as well as morphometric parameters, through the application of a spatial analysis tool, is an effective and comprehensive method for identifying erosion-sensitive zones. This approach can be used on a regional or continental scale to facilitate watershed management and monitoring.
Pervasive RNA Binding Protein Enrichment on TAD Boundaries Regulates TAD Organization
Authors: Wang Huating , Sun Qiang , Zhou Qin , Qiao Yulong , Sun Hao
Published: January 2024

Mammalian genome is hierarchically organized by CTCF and cohesin through loop extrusion mechanism to facilitate the organization of topologically associating domains (TADs). Mounting evidence suggests additional factors/mechanisms exist to orchestrate TAD formation and maintenance. In this study, we investigate the potential role of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) in TAD organization. By integrated analyses of global RBP binding and 3D genome mapping profiles from both K562 and HepG2 cells, our study unveils the prevalent enrichment of RBPs on TAD boundaries and define boundary associated RBPs (baRBPs). We also characterize chromatin features of baRBP binding and uncover clustering among baRBPs and with transcription factors (TFs). Moreover, we found that baRBP binding is correlated with enhanced TAD insulation strength and in a CTCF independent manner. Further analyses revealed that baRBP binding is associated with nascent promoter transcription thus RBP/transcription may synergistically demarcate TADs. Additional experimental testing was performed using RBFox2 as a paradigm. Knockdown of RBFox2 in K562 cells causes remarkable TAD reorganization and boundary loss. Moreover, we found RBFox2 enrichment on TAD boundaries is a conserved phenomenon in C2C12 myoblast (MB) cells. RBFox2 is down-regulated and its bound boundaries are remodeled during MB differentiation into myotubes (MTs). Knockout of Rbfox2 in MBs also causes significant boundary reorganization. Finally, transcriptional inhibition in C2C12 cells indeed decreases RBFox2 binding and disrupts TAD boundary insulation. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that RBPs can play active role in modulating TAD organization through co-transcriptional association and synergistic action with nascent promoter transcripts.
The research of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells therapy in decompensated liver cirrhosis associated with hepatitis virus B: a long-term follow up analysis of a single-center, on-limits and stepped research.
Authors: Qin Xian , Chen Jing , Du Li , Ma Yan , Li Yi , Lu Yu , Wang Yating , Wu Liufang , Yu Zihui , Hu Mengjing , Li Lijun , Liao Bo , Li Zhen , Yang Zhiyong , Li Kun , Yuan Yufeng
Published: January 2024

Background: There is a large number of decompensated liver cirrhosis patients in China, caused by infection of hepatitis B virus(HBV) mainly. These patient suffered a process of irreversible liver cirrhosis. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) has the potential of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, which makes it possible for curing decompensated liver cirrhosis.
Methods: 24 participants was recruited and divided into 3 groups. hUC-MSCs would be infused via peripheral vein 3 times. A 24 weeks follow up visit would be proceeded, including detecting liver function, coagulation function, general condition, immune system etc. Adverse event also would be recorded. A 1.5 year visit of survival would be proceeded subsequently.
Results: After infusion, liver function was improved in a short time. ALB increased in 57th and 85th day, but descended to baseline level in 169th day. PTTA was significantly improved since 29th day till 157th day. IL-8 was decreased during the whole visit. AE of class 1 and 2 were over 70%, while SAE occurred only 3 times. The 6-month survival rate is 75%, 75%, 100% in low, medium, high dose group. The interaction between dosage and efficacy is weak.
Conclusion: hUC-MSCs has great potential for treating patients of decompensated liver cirrhosis associated with HBV, with satisfied safety. The large sample size and RCT trial is required to prove its therapeutic effect.
Trial registration: This trial was registered in clinicaltrials.gov and the registration ID is NCT05442437. The name of registry is “Clinical Study of hUC-MSCs Treating Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis With HBV”. The registry published in 1st of July,2022.
Outcome disparities between rural and urban single ventricle infants
Authors: Buysse Janelle , Pierick Trudy A. , Zimmerman M Bridget , Reinking Benjamin
Published: January 2024

Background: Somatic growth delays are common in infants with single ventricle heart disease. Health care is largely centralized to higher volume centers located predominantly in urban environments. No studies to date have assessed how home location in an urban or rural environment impacts outcomes in single ventricle infants.
Methods: Data was reviewed from 67 centers using the National Pediatric Cardiology – Quality Improvement Collaborative (NPC-QIC) database. Urban or rural home location was determined using the home zip code’s rural urban commuting area (RUCA) code. One year weight and height z-scores and one year transplant-free survival were compared between urban and rural groups. Analysis was performed both unadjusted and with adjustments for co-variates. Sub-group analysis was performed for race/ethnicity, sex, and insurance type. Multiple imputation was performed to account for missing data.
Results: Data from 1403 urban and 351 rural patients was analyzed. Urban infants had higher weight and height z-scores (-0.95 and -1.65, respectively) at one year of age when compared to rural infants (-1.16 and -2.01, respectively, p <0.01). When adjustments were made for covariates, there was no significant difference (p ≥0.06). Rural infants were more likely to survive, transplant-free, to their first birthday (odds ratio 0.72, p <0.02).
Conclusion: Rural single ventricle infants are more likely to survive, transplant-free, to their first birthday but their growth lags behind urban peers. However, this difference in growth is attributable to demographic and disease severity factors.
Effects of different nutritional support methods based on nutritional risk screening on postoperative nutritional status of patients with gastrointestinal tumors：A non-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Huang He , Wang Yan li , Yao Tian , Gao Linna , Han Jingxiang , Ma Lie , Jia Tianhang , Zhou Shanyi , Chen Hao , Liu Hui , Cao Yinglei , Liu Chengfei , Xu Shaoqiang , Gao Huiyang , Chen Yuhao , Guo Ziqi , Liu Yuming , Wang Yunfeng , Qiu Fubin
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThis study was a prospective, single-center, non-randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of perioperative and out-of-hospital nutritional interventions on nutritional status in patients assessed by nutritional risk screening.MethodsFrom July 2021 to June 2022, a total of 362 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the Department of Gastrointestinal surgery of the first Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. According to the results of nutritional risk screening and assessment, the patients were divided into two groups: five-step treatment for malnutrition and postoperative routine nutrition support group (FST + PRNS group, n = 248) and postoperative routine nutrition support group (PRNS group, n = 114). The main outcome measures included nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS2002) and patient-generated subjective nutrition assessment (PG-SGA). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to deal with confounding factors (age, gender, stage, etc.).ResultsA total of 302 patients completed the intervention and follow-up. According to the analysis of the study scheme, the NRS2002 score and PG-SGA score of the FST + PRNS group at baseline were significantly higher than those of the PRNS group. At 1 year after admission, the NRS2002 score and PG-SGA score of the FST + PRNS group were close to those of the PRNS group, and the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionThe nutritional status of malnourished patients with gastrointestinal tumors who received one-year five-step treatment for malnutrition and postoperative routine nutrition support was significantly improved, and was close to that of patients with normal nutritional status with gastrointestinal tumors who received postoperative routine nutrition support.
Uncovering Structural Plasticity of Enterovirus A through Deep Insertional and Deletional Scanning
Authors: Dolan Patrick , Bakhache William , Orr Walker , McCormick Lauren
Published: January 2024

Insertions and deletions (InDels) are essential sources of novelty in protein evolution. In RNA viruses, InDels cause dramatic phenotypic changes contributing to the emergence of viruses with altered immune profiles and host engagement. This work aimed to expand our current understanding of viral evolution and explore the mutational tolerance of RNA viruses to InDels, focusing on Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) as a prototype for Enterovirus A species (EV-A). Using newly described deep InDel scanning approaches, we engineered approximately 45,000 insertions and 6,000 deletions at every site across the viral proteome, quantifying their effects on viral fitness. As a general trend, most InDels were lethal to the virus. However, our screen reproducibly identified a set of InDel-tolerant regions, demonstrating our ability to comprehensively map tolerance to these mutations. Tolerant sites highlighted structurally flexible and mutationally plastic regions of viral proteins that avoid core structural and functional elements. Phylogenetic analysis on EV-A species infecting diverse mammalian hosts revealed that the experimentally-identified hotspots overlapped with sites of InDels across the EV-A species, suggesting structural plasticity at these sites is an important function for InDels in EV speciation. Our work reveals the fitness effects of InDels across EV-A71, identifying regions of evolutionary capacity that require further monitoring, which could guide the development of Enterovirus vaccines.