Quantitative morphological evaluation of structural reconstruction in endothelial cells of arteries and veins of testes in the conditions at postresection pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Hnatjuk M. S. , Konovalenko S. O. , Tatarchuk L. V. , Jasinovskyy O. B. 
Published: October 2020

Removal of the right or left lung can lead to postresection pulmonary arterial hypertension, venous stasis in the organs of the great circle of blood circulation and structural and functional changes in them. Morphological reconstruction of endotheliocytes of arteries and veins of testes at postresection pulmonary arterial hypertension are insufficiently studied. The purpose of our study was to conduct a quantitative morphological evaluation of structural changes of endothelial cells of the arteries and veins of the testes at postresection pulmonary arterial hypertension. The testes of 46 white male rats, which were divided into 3 groups, were morphological examined. The 1st group consisted of 14 intact animals, 2st – 22 rats with postresection pulmonary arterial hypertension and compensated cor pulmonale, 3st – 10 animals with postresection pulmonary hypertension and decompensated cor pulmonale. Postresection pulmonary arterial hypertension and cor pulmonale were modeled by performing right pulmonectomy in rats. Euthanasia of rats was performed by bloodletting under conditions of thiopental anesthesia one month after the start of the experiment. From the testes were made micropreparations, which morphometrically determined the height of endothelial cells of arteries and veins, the diameter of their nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios in these cells, the relative volumes of damaged endotheliocytes. Quantitative indicators were processed statistically. In the conditions of postresection pulmonary arterial hypertension and decompensated pulmonary heart, the studied morphometric parameters changed most markedly. The height of endothelial cells of the arteries of the left testis was reduced by 2.9 % (p˂0.05), and the right – by 2.3 %. Nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios in the endotheliocytes of these vessels increased by 7.6 % and 4.7 %, respectively (p˂0.05), and the relative volume of damaged endotheliocytes increased by 11.7 and 9.3 times (p˂0.001). The studied morphometric parameters in the testicular veins increased to a greater extent compared with the arteries. Thus, the height of endothelial cells of the left testis in the 3rd group of observations was statistically significant (p˂0.001) decreased by 5.8 %, and in the right – by 5.4 %. Nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios in the studied structures increased by 8.2 % (p˂0.001) and 6.5 % (p˂0.01), respectively, which indicated a pronounced violation of structural cellular homeostasis. The relative volume of damaged endothelial cells in the veins of the left testis in postresection pulmonary arterial hypertension combined with decompensated heart increased by 17.6, in the right – by 13.0 times (p˂0.001). Optical on histological preparations of testes showed plethora and dilation of venous vessels, which was complicated by hypoxia, dystrophy, necrobiosis of cells and tissues of the studied organ, and in the long term – infiltrative and sclerotic processes. Venous vessels of the microhemocirculatory bed are unevenly dilated, tortuous, full-blooded, with numerous varicose veins and sacculations. Stasis, thrombosis, diapedetic hemorrhages, plasmorrhagia of the walls of venous vessels and paravasal tissues were found in these vessels. Elastic structures in vessels with the phenomena of multiplication, fragmentation and destruction. Endotheliocytes with signs of edema, dystrophically and necrobiotically altered, sometimes desquamated. Analysis of the obtained data revealed that postresection pulmonary arterial hypertension leads to violations of cellular structural homeostasis, an increase in the relative volumes of damaged endotheliocytes in the vascular bed of the testes. The revealed processes dominate in the venous bed of the left testis and in the decompensated cor pulmonale.