bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superconducting thin film spiral coils as low-noise cryogenic actuators
Authors: Ferreira E.C. , Bocchese F. , Badaracco F. , van Heijningen J.V. , Lucas S. , Perali A.
Published: February 2022

We present results on actuator development for a cryogenic superconducting inertial sensor with a displacement sensitivity of a few

fm
/

Hz

at 0.5 Hz. The first version will use niobium as sensor mechanics material. Niobium is sufficiently superconducting below 5 K allowing superconducting coils to form low-noise actuators as part of a force feedback sensing scheme. Future improvements include the use of silicon in combination with high temperature superconductors for even lower frequency fm/

fm
/

Hz

performance. This device will be the world’s most sensitive low-frequency inertial sensor. Here, we focus on its actuator, which ensures low-noise performance below 5 Hz by decreasing the mechanical loss and therefore thermal noise.
LST-1, the Large-Sized Telescope prototype of CTA. Status and first observations
Authors: Moralejo Abelardo
Published: February 2022

CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array) is the next generation ground-based observatory for gamma-ray astronomy at very-high energies. Once completed, CTA will outperform present-day facilities by an order of magnitude in sensitivity, and significantly enlarge the accessible energy range and survey capabilities. Deployed in the CTA north site, on the island of La Palma (Spain), LST-1 is the prototype for the CTA Large-Sized Telescopes, which will cover the lower end of the energy range of the array, down to 20 GeV. LST-1 started astronomical observations in late 2019, and is currently completing its commissioning phase. We present the status of the instrument and an overview of the first physics results.
Multimessenger Astronomy of Transient Point Sources at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Ruehl Philip
Published: February 2022

One of the key challenges in astroparticle physics is the identification of the sources of cosmic rays at the highest energies (above 1018 eV). In this context, the search for neutral messenger particles in the ultra-high energy (UHE) regime is of high interest. The sources of the gravitational waves (GWs) that can be observed with the current generation of GW detectors provide extreme astrophysical environments that are most likely to be unique in the universe. Another extraordinary source candidate is the anomalous blazar TXS 0506+056 which has been found to be coincident with two periods of enhanced high-energy neutrino flux in 2014/15 and 2017 as reported by the IceCube Collaboration. Due to their distance and transient nature, the capabilities of these sources to produce UHE radiation can only be studied through neutral messengers like photons and neutrinos. The Pierre Auger Observatory near Malargue, Argentina, is the largest air shower experiment for the detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. With its surface detector, consisting of a grid of 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors covering an area of 3000 km2, it has a unique exposure to UHE photons and neutrinos and has published first constraints on these particles from GW sources and TXS 0506+056.
The Search for Ultra-High Energy Neutrinos through Highly Inclined Air Showers in the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Parente Gonzalo
Published: February 2022

The Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory for the detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, an array of 1600 water-Cherenkov stations in a triangular grid with 1500 m separation between stations, has also the capability to detect neutrinos with energy above 1017eV. The identification, through the special characteristics of highly inclined showers, is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavours interacting deep in the atmosphere at large zenith angles as well as for τ-neutrinos skimming the Earth crust. In this talk I review the status of the neutrino search at the Observatory using about 15 years of data. Restrictive upper bounds on the neutrino flux from diffuse sources and from point-like steady sources were stablished, placing strong constraints on several models of neutrino production at EeV energies and on the properties of the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. Unrivaled sensitivity in searches for transient sources has been also achieved.
Gamma-ray image reconstruction of the Andromeda galaxy
Authors: Armand Céline , Calore Francesca
Published: February 2022

We analyze about 12 years ofFermi-LAT data in the direction of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). We robustly characterize its spectral and morphological properties against systematic uncertainties related to the modeling of the Galactic diffuse emission. We perform this work by adapting and exploiting the potential of the SkyFACT adaptive template fitting algorithm. We reconstruct theγ-ray imageof M31 in a template-independent way, and we show that flat spatial models are preferred by data, indicating an extension of the γ-ray emission of about 0.3 — 0.4° for the bulge of M31. This study also suggests that a second component, extending to at least 1°, contributes to the observed total emission. We quantify systematic uncertainties related to mis-modeling of Galactic foreground emission at the level of 2.9%.
A deuterated liquid scintillator for supernova neutrino detection
Authors: Chauhan Bhavesh
Published: February 2022

For the next galactic supernova, operational neutrino telescopes will measure the neutrino flux several hours before their optical counterparts. Existing detectors, relying mostly on charged current interactions, are mostly sensitive to and to a lesser extent to ve. In order to measure the flux of other flavors, we need to observe their neutral current interactions with the detector. Such a measurement is not only crucial for overall normalization of the supernova neutrino flux but also for understanding the intricate neutrino oscillation physics. A deuterium based detector will be sensitive to all neutrino flavors. In this paper, we propose a 1 kton deuterated liquid scintillator (DLS) based detector that will see about 435 neutral current events and 170 (108) charged current [INLINE] (fe) events from a fiducial supernova at a distance of 10 kpc from Earth. We explore the possibility of extracting spectral information from the neutral current channel by measuring the quenched kinetic energy of the proton in the final state, where the neutron in the final state is tagged and used to reduce backgrounds.
Antineutrino spectrometer DANSS — 5 years of running
Authors: Alekseev Igor
Published: February 2022

Solid scintillator antineutrino detector DANSS is placed on a movable platform below 3.1 GWth industrial reactor of the Kalininskaya Nuclear Power Plant. The distance between the detector and the center of the reactor core is frequently changed in the range 10.9 - 12.9 m. The reactor materials provide overburden of about 50 m.w.e. The one-cubic-meter sensitive volume of the detector is assembled from 2500 polystyrene scintillation strips and surrounded by a multilayer passive and active shielding. A dual readout by silicon photo multipliers (individually) and by convention PMTs (in groups of 50 strips) is used to achieve both high detector granularity and low noise trigger.

In the position closest to the reactor core up to 5000 inverse beta-decay events per day are collected with cosmic muons induced background below 2%. The talk covers 5 years of the detector operation, observation of fuel evolution and results of our search for light sterile neutrinos. Spectrum and counting rate dependence on the fission fuel composition is clearly observed and agrees with H-M model. No statistically significant signal of short baseline neutrino oscillations observed so far with large portion of oscillation phase space excluded taking into account the improved analysis of systematic errors. The exclusion region at 90% confidence level reaches sin22θ < 8. 10−3 around Δm
2 ∼ 0.9 eV2.
Astroparticle physics in DUNE with the X-ARAPUCA detectors
Authors: Brizzolari Claudia
Published: February 2022

DUNE is a long-baseline accelerator experiment in construction at Fermilab and SURF (South Dakota). The scientific program encompasses the investigation of long-baseline neutrino oscillation, with a focus on the study of the CP violation and neutrino mass hierarchy, along with high sensitivity searches for rare events, such as the observation of supernova neutrino bursts and the search for proton decay. The DUNE far detector consists of four liquid Argon TPCs located deep underground, paired with a Photon Detection System. In the present article we will discuss the role of the PDS in the search of the aforementioned rare events and the latest results in terms of technological achievements obtained by the PDS Consortium.
Astrophysical neutrino self-interactions in the high-statistics era
Authors: Esteban Ivan , Pandey Sujata , Brdar Vedran , Beacom John F.
Published: February 2022

Do neutrinos have sizable self-interactions? They might. Laboratory constraints are weak, so strong effects are possible in astrophysical environments and the early universe. Observations with neutrino telescopes can provide an independent probe of neutrino self (“secret”) interactions, as the sources are distant and the cosmic neutrino background intervenes. We define a roadmap for making decisive progress on testing these interactions. This progress will be enabled by IceCube-Gen2 observations of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. Critical to this is our comprehensive treatment of the theory, taking into account previously neglected or overly approximated effects, as well as including realistic detection physics. We show that IceCube-Gen2 can realize the full potential of neutrino astronomy for testing neutrino self-interactions, being sensitive to cosmologically relevant interaction models.
Exposure-background duality in the searches of neutrinoless double beta decay
Authors: Singh M. K. , Wong H. T.
Published: February 2022

Neutrinoless double-β decay (0υββ) is an experimentally sensitive avenue to probe the nature (Majorana versus Dirac) and exact mass of neutrinos. This work quantitatively explores the interplay between exposure and background levels in 0υββ experiments at their design stage. Although the primary goal of current running and projected experiments is to probe the inverted mass hierarchy, current neutrino oscillation experiments reveal a preference for non-degenerate (ND) normal mass hierarchy. Therefore the strategy of scaling the summit of 0υββ should also take this genuine possibility into account. Present work would explore the role of background suppression in alleviating the necessity of large exposure for future 0υββ experiments with sensitivity goals of approaching and covering ND-NH. In particular, the roles of energy resolution in suppressing the irreducible background of 2υββ are investigated.
JUNO Oscillation Physics
Authors: Zhang Jinnan
Published: February 2022

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton multi-purpose liquid scintillator detector with an expected

3
%
/

E
[
Mev
]

energy resolution, under construction in a 700 m underground laboratory in the south of China (Jiangmen city, Guangdong province). The exceptional energy resolution and the massive fiducial volume of the JUNO detector offer great opportunities for addressing many essential topics in neutrino and astroparticle physics. JUNO’s primary goals are to determine the neutrino mass ordering and precisely measure the related neutrino oscillation parameters. With six years of data taking with reactor antineutrinos, JUNO can determine the mass ordering at a 3-4σ significance and the neutrino oscillation parameters sin2
θ
12,

Δ

m

21

2

, and

|
Δ

m

31

2

|

to a precision of better than 0.6%. In addition, the atmospheric neutrino and solar neutrino measurement at JUNO can also provide complementary and important information for neutrino oscillation physics. This work focuses on the oscillation physics of JUNO, which includes measurement and analysis of the reactor neutrinos, the atmospheric neutrinos, and the solar neutrinos. With the delicate energy response calibration and event reconstruction potential, JUNO will make a world-leading measurement on the neutrino oscillation parameters and neutrino mass ordering in the near future.
Gaseous detectors for Neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering at the ESS
Authors: Monrabal F.
Published: February 2022

The recent detection of the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEυNS) opens the possibility to use neutrinos to explore physics beyond standard model with small size detectors. However, the CEυNS process generates signals at the few keV level, requiring of very sensitive detecting technologies for its detection. The European Spallation Source (ESS) has been identified as an optimal source of low energy neutrinos offering an opportunity for a definitive exploration of all phenomenological applications of CEυNS. In this project I propose to apply the high pressure gas TPC technology to the detection of the CEυNS process at the ESS. This will require the development of very low-energy detectors and to improve the current knowledge of the quenching factor for nuclear recoils in gas at keV energies. The major goal of this project is to build a 20 kg xenon gaseous detector and operate it at the ESS, such detector will provide more than 7,000 CEυNS events per year, overtaking the sensitivities of much larger detectors in current spallations sources.
Exploring NSI using oscillation dip and valley in atmospheric neutrino experiments
Authors: Kumar Anil , Khatun Amina , Agarwalla Sanjib Kumar , Dighe Amol
Published: February 2022

We present a new approach to probe flavor-changing neutral-current non-standard neutrino interaction parameter εμτ
using the oscillation dip and valley features. We use the simulated up/down ratio of reconstructed muons events at the proposed Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory to demonstrate that in presence of NSI parameter ε
μτ, the oscillation dip location shifts and oscillation valley bends. Utilizing the charge identification capability of ICAL, the opposite shifts in the oscillation dip locations and the contrast in the oscillation valley curvatures for μ−
and μ+ can be used to place 90% C.L. bounds of about 2% on |εμτ| using 500 kt• yr exposure. In our procedure, we take care of statistical fluctuations, systematic errors, and uncertainties in neutrino oscillation parameters.
Electromagnetic neutrino: The basic processes and astrophysical probes
Authors: Studenikin Alexander
Published: February 2022

After a brief reminder on the electromagnetic properties of neutrinos, the main processes of the electromagnetic interactions of neutrinos in astrophysics and the corresponding limitations on millicharges and effective magnetic moments of the particle are discussed.
Improving Hyper-Kamiokande sensitivity to CP violation with high precision near detector electron neutrino cross-section measurements
Authors: Naseby Charlie
Published: February 2022

The next generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment, Hyper-Kamiokande, will consist of a 260 kt underground water Cherenkov detector, placed 295 km from the neutrino source at J-PARC. This is generated by a 1.3 MW proton beam striking a target. In addition, a suite of near detectors, both on and off-axis will be used. With this, Hyper-Kamiokande aims to perform precision measurements of the parameters governing neutrino oscillations, the observation of CP violation being one of the main aims of the experiment. To achieve these goals, Hyper-Kamiokande will require smaller systematic uncertainties than in any previous long-baseline experiment.

Many of these systematic uncertainties are related to neutrino-nucleus interactions, and can be constrained by a detector placed close to the beam production point. For this, the Hyper-Kamiokande long-baseline programme includes an Intermediate Water Cherenkov Detector, the IWCD. This is a 500 tonne water Cherenkov detector located 1 km from the beam production point. This detector is able to move within a vertical shaft and span a range of off-axis angles relative to the beam, from 1 to 4 degrees. The combination of large target mass, precise water Cherenkov reconstruction and off-axis angle flux dependence allows for high purity and high statistics electron neutrino and electron antineutrino samples. This paper describes how this detector can be used to constrain the major systematic uncertainty affecting the measurement of CP violation at Hyper-Kamiokande: the electron neutrino and antineutrino interaction cross section.
Measurement of the 136-Xe ββ2υ half-life in NEXT-White
Authors: Usón A.
Published: February 2022

The NEXT (Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC) collaboration searches for the neutrino-less double beta decay (0υββ) of 136Xe at the Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc (LSC). A first large-scale prototype of a high-pressure Xenon gas electroluminescent TPC, NEXT-White, operated at the LSC from 2016 to 2021. In this analysis, the measurement of the half-life of the two-neutrino mode of the double beta decay (2νυβ) will be presented. For this measurement, two novel techniques in the field have been used: a highly refined topological reconstruction of events that improves the background rejection, and a direct subtraction of the ββ backgrounds, measured with 136Xe-depleted data. These techniques allow for background-model-dependent and background-model-independent results, demonstrating the robustness of the 2νυβ half-life measurement and the unique capabilities of NEXT. The final value presented corresponds to a half-life of T-2υ
1/2 = 2.34+0’®0 (stat)-0’37(sys) x 1021 year. After the completion of the NEXT-White programme, the NEXT-100 apparatus will start its commissioning at the second half of 2022. Holding 100 kg of 136Xe at 15 bar, this detector will perform the first competitive 0νυβ search within the NEXT roadmap. As validated with NEXT-White, NEXT- 100 will set a limit in m-ββ of 70-130 meV after 5 years of data taking.
Recent Neutrino Cross-section Results from MicroBooNE
Authors: Ren Lu
Published: February 2022

MicroBooNE is a liquid argon time projection chamber that operates in the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermilab. The detector provides high-resolution imaging of neutrino interactions with a low threshold and full angular coverage. Thanks to a high event rate and several years of continuous operation, the MicroBooNE collaboration has obtained the world’s largest dataset of neutrino-argon scattering events. A detailed understanding of these interactions, especially the impact of nuclear physics effects, will be critical to the success of future precision neutrino oscillation efforts, particularly the argon-based Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) and the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program. This talk presents an overview of the latest neutrino-argon cross section measurements in MicroBooNE, including measurements of protons produced in muon neutrino interactions, measurements of the electron neutrino inclusive cross section, and progress towards measurements of rare channels.
Investigation of β+β+, β+EC, EC/EC decay of 106Cd with the spectrometer TGV-2
Authors: Rukhadze N I , Gascon J , Gusev K N , Klimenko A A , Fürst M , Rozov S V , Rukhadze E , Salamatin A V , Šimkovic F , Shitov Yu A , Štekl I , Timkin V V , Yakushev E A
Published: February 2022

The III phase of experiment TGV-2 to search for β+β+, β+EC, EC/EC decay of 106Cd was performed at the Modane underground laboratory (LSM, France, 4800 m w.e.). 16 foils (∼23.2 g) of enriched 106Cd were measured using the 32-detector low background HPGe spectrometer TGV-2 during 42500 h. New limit on 2νEC/EC decay of 106Cd to the ground 0+ state of 106Pd - T1/2 > 7.2 × 1020 y at 90% C.L was obtained. The limits on 2νβ+β+, 2νβ+EC decay of 106Cd, and 2νECEC decay of 106Cd to excited states of 106Pd were significantly improved in comparison with previous phase II of the TGV-2 experiment.
SNO+
Authors: Chen Mark C.
Published: February 2022

SNO+ is an operating liquid scintillator neutrino detector. Filling with liquid scintillator was completed in April 2021. Previously, SNO+ took water-filled data and also made measurements of backgrounds during scintillator partial-fill. These measurements (included physics results) enable SNO+ to quantify backgrounds for our final objective, the search for neutrinoless double beta decay when tellurium is loaded in the liquid scintillator detector at 0.5% by weight. This article highlights several measurements made by SNO+ and summarizes the status and outlook of the experiment.
Study of Ocean Bottom Detector for observation of geo-neutrino from the mantle
Authors: Sakai T. , Inoue K. , Watanabejg H. , McDonough W.F. , Abe N. , Araki E. , Kasaya T. , Kyo M. , Sakurai N. , Uek K. , Yoshida H.
Published: February 2022

Observation of anti-neutrinos emitted from radioactive isotopes inside Earth(geo-neutrinos) brings direct information on the Earth’s chemical composition and its heat balance, which strongly relate to the Earth’s dynamics. To date, two experiments (KamLAND and Borexino) have measured geo-neutrinos and constrained the range of acceptable models for the Earth’s chemical composition, but distinguishing the mantle flux by land-based detectors is challenging as the crust signal is about 70% of the total anti-neutrino flux. Given the oceanic crust is thinner and has lower concentration of radioactive elements than continental crust, geo-neutrino detector in the ocean, Ocean Bottom Detector (OBD), makes it sensitive to geo-neutrinos originating from the Earth’s mantle. Our working group was jointly constructed from interdisciplinary communities in Japan which include particle physics, geoscience, and ocean engineering. We have started to work on technological developments of OBD. We are now developing a 20 kg prototype liquid scintillator detector. This detector will undergo operation deployment tests at 1 km depth seafloor in 2022.
T2K latest results on neutrino-nucleus cross sections
Authors: Jenkins Sam
Published: February 2022

Neutrino interaction cross section measurements are of high importance, in improving understanding for both oscillation measurements and nuclear modelling. The T2K experiment features a near detector complex with multiple detectors, providing multiple different nuclear targets at differing mean neutrino energies due to the off-axis configurations used. Along with constraining the flux for oscillation measurements, these near detectors provide the opportunity for a large programme of neutrino cross section measurements. Some recent such measurements are described in this proceeding.
The Hyper-Kamiokande Experiment
Authors: Wilson J.R.
Published: February 2022

The Hyper-Kamiokande experiment consists of a 260 kt underground water Cherenkov detector with a fiducial volume more than 8 times larger than that of Super-Kamiokande. It will serve both as a far detector of a long-baseline neutrino experiment and an observatory for astrophysical neutrinos and rare decays. The long-baseline neutrino experiment will detect neutrinos originating from the upgraded 1.3 MW neutrino beam produced at the J-PARC accelerator 295 km away. A near detector suite, close to the accelerator, will help characterise the beam and minimise systematic errors. The experiment is now under construction and due to start data taking in 2027. The experiment will investigate neutrino oscillation phenomena (including CP-violation and mass ordering) by studying accelerator, solar and atmospheric neutrinos, neutrino astronomy (solar, supernova, supernova relic neutrinos) and nucleon decays. This paper gives an overview of the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment, its physics goals and the current status.
International Particle Physics Outreach Group: Engaging the world with science
Authors: Goldfarb S.
Published: February 2022

The International Particle Physics Outreach Group (IPPOG) is a global network of researchers, educators and communication specialists working together to develop and share best practices in science education and public engagement. Our major activities include organisation of International Particle Physics Masterclasses and the Global Cosmics portal, promotion of International Muon Week and International Cosmic Day, and participation in activities ranging from public talks, festivals, exhibitions, teacher training, student competitions, and open days at local institutions. These independent activities, often carried out in a variety of languages to public with a variety of backgrounds, all serve to gain the public trust and to improve worldwide understanding and support of science.
The International Dark Matter Day in Argentina
Authors: Lovino M.B. , Bertou X.
Published: February 2022

The International Dark Matter Day is celebrated worldwide on October 31 every year since 2017. In Argentina, it was organised for the first time in 2019 in an outreach effort coordinated by the ANDES deep underground laboratory. In 2019, we started a call for art students to propose an audiovisual piece on Dark Matter, asked about whether basic science was important for Argentina and coordinated the projection of the full dome “Phantom of the Universe” video in 4 digital planetariums in Argentina. In 2020, with no possibility of public event due to the pandemic, we repeated the audiovisual art call and organised a call for drawings and questions about Dark Matter for kids, reaching kids from Brazil and Mexico in addition to Argentina, among other activities. We describe here some of the answers obtained to the calls and how these answers can be used to understand better the preconceptions permeating society and therefore communicate better abstract topics such as Dark Matter.
Callio Lab – the deep underground research centre in Finland, Europe
Authors: Joutsenvaara J , Holma M , Kotavaara O , Puputti H J
Published: February 2022

Pyhäsalmi, in the Town of Pyhäjärvi, hosts one of the northernmost deep underground laboratories in Europe, the Callio Lab. Its origins are in underground physics (Centre for Underground Physics in Pyhäsalmi, CUPP), but gradually it has turned into a multi- and transdisciplinary research environment utilising both the surface and underground. Besides research, the infrastructure is open for business and innovation under the Callio – Mine for Business. The pre-investment for an underground pumped-hydro storage facility to be built at the area utilising the existing tunnel network for construction has been made. This investment ensures the existing and future utilisation of the underground and surface facilities.
Measurement of the neutron flux at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory with HENSA
Authors: Orrigo S E A , Tain J L , Mont-Geli N , Tarifeño-Saldivia A , Fraile L M , Grieger M , Agramunt J , Algora A , Bemmerer D , Calviño F , Cortés G , DeBlas A , Dillmann I , Domínguez Bugarín A , García R , Nacher E , Tolosa A
Published: February 2022

We have performed a long-term measurement of the neutron flux with the High Efficiency Neutron Spectrometry Array HENSA in the Hall A of the Canfranc Underground Laboratory. The Hall A measurement campaign lasted from October 2019 to March 2021, demonstrating an excellent stability of the HENSA setup. Preliminary results on the neutron flux from this campaign are presented for the first time. In Phase 1 (113 live days) a total neutron flux of 1.662 × 10−5 cm−2 s−1 is obtained. Our results are in good agreement with those from our previous shorter measurement where a reduced experimental setup was employed.
The new underground facility in Korea, Yemilab
Authors: Park Kangsoon
Published: February 2022

A new underground facility called Yemilab with a depth of 1,000 m will be constructed for studies on neutrinos and dark matter search. The new underground facility is located within the site of an iron mine in Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon-do, South Korea. Since the mine has a vertical shaft with a diameter of 6 m and a length of 600 m, the facility uses this shaft. The construction of the new underground facility consists of a cage for passengers (man-cage) to enter the underground, excavation of tunnels with a total area of 10,000 m2 including a dedicated area of 2,600 m2 for experiments, and construction of electrical and mechanical facilities for operation. The construction is carried out in two phases. In the first phase, man-cage manufacturing/installation and most of the tunnel excavation were carried out. In the second stage, excavation of a large cylindrical pit with dimensions of 20 m (D) × 20 m (H) is being carried out together with the installation of a 2 MW power supply and construction of facilities for ventilation, drainage, and fire prevention. The first phase construction started in 2018 and was completed in August 2020. The second phase construction started in May 2021 and is going to be completed in May 2022.
A progress of upgrading α-ray imaging chamber in a low background radioactivity
Authors: Ito Hiroshi , Ishiura Hirohisa , Nakamura Kiseki D. , Miuchi Kentaro
Published: February 2022

Precise measurements of radioactive impurity concentration in the detector materials have been established for various underground particle physics experiments. It is also important to measure the surface radioactive contamination on these materials because their decay products would potentially reduce the fiducial volume of the detector and would also produce background sources via radon emanation. In this study, descriptions on an α-ray imaging chamber based on a gaseous micro-time-projection chamber are reported. A detector upgrade to improve the sensitivity by a suppression of the background rate and a demonstration of alpha-ray imagings are also described.
A Geant4-based model for the TRISTAN detector
Authors: Nava A , Biassoni M , Pozzi S , Gugiatti M , Carminati M , Fiorini C , King P , Mertens S , Lechner P
Published: February 2022

The TRISTAN project is the upgrade of the KATRIN experiment designed for the search of sterile neutrinos by replacing the current KATRIN detector with a multipixel SDD (Silicon Drift Detector) matrix. We have characterized SDDs response to electrons using a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) as an electron source and a Geant4-based simulation whose output is processed with an empirical function to reproduce data. We have crosschecked this model by reconstructing backscattering measurements obtained using a radioactive electron source.
Astroparticle physics obtaining more attention from a new type of audience
Authors: Holma M , Joutsenvaara J , Kuusiniemi P
Published: February 2022

Cosmic-ray muography is a group of density-imaging techniques based on directional measurements of muon attenuation in liquid or solid media. The foundations of this emerging multidisciplinary research field were already laid in the 1950s-1970s, but the number of applications and research publications has witnessed a constant increase only in the last 15 years. We describe here what is currently happening on different fronts, where we may go next, and what this means for astroparticle physicists.
Cosmogenic background suppression at the ICARUS using a concrete overburden
Authors: Behera Biswaranjan
Published: February 2022

The ICARUS detector will search for LSND like neutrino oscillations exposed at shallow depth to the FNAL BNB beam in the context of the SBN program. In the approved FNAL SBN experiment the impact of cosmic rays is mitigated by a 4π Cosmic Ray Tagger (CRT) detector encapsulating the TPCs inside the pit and by a ∼ 3 m concrete overburden both for the near (SBND) and the far (ICARUS) detectors. Cosmic backgrounds rejection is particularly relevant for the ICARUS detector. Due to its larger size and distance from target compared to SBND, in ICARUS the neutrino signal/cosmic background ratio is 40 times more unfavorable with in addition a greater than 3 times larger out-of-spill comics rate. In this paper, I will be addressing the question of a problematic background to genuine neutrino events especially into the electron neutrino appearance analysis by a detailed MonteCarlo calculation of the cosmic rays crossing the ICARUS detector.
Directional measurement in Borexino: Calibration of Cherenkov photons in a liquid scintillator detector using gamma sources
Authors: Kumaran Sindhujha
Published: February 2022

Borexino is a 280-ton liquid scintillator detector located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Italy. The main goal of Borexino is to measure solar neutrinos via elastic scattering off electrons in the liquid scintillator. The electrons are then detected by the photo-multiplier tubes via isotropically emitted scintillation photons. However, in the first few nanoseconds after a neutrino interaction, Cherenkov photons (<1% of all detected photons) are also produced in the scintillator for electrons with kinetic energy >0.16 MeV. Borexino has successfully obtained the first directional measurement of sub-MeV solar neutrinos, and the 7Be solar neutrino interaction rate, through the exploitation of this Cherenkov light signal. This is performed through the so-called Correlated and Integrated Directionality (CID) method, by correlating the first few detected photons to the well-known position of the Sun and integrating the angle for a large number of events. This measurement requires a calibration of the relative time differences between Cherenkov and scintillation photons. In Borexino, we obtain this through gamma calibration sources namely, 40K and 54Mn. A group velocity correction estimated through the gamma sources is then used for the solar neutrino analysis. This article will discuss the analysis strategy and methods used for this calibration, and provide motivation for a dedicated Cherenkov calibration in next-generation liquid scintillator detectors.
Inflationary Dynamics of Tsallis Holographic Scalar Field Models in Chern-Simons Modified Gravity
Authors: Chakraborty Gargee , Chattopadhyay Surajit
Published: February 2022

The present study report reconstruction schemes for tachyon scalar field model of Dark Energy through Tsallis holographic dark fluid under the framework of Chern-Simons modified gravity. Emergent scale factor has been assumed. Reproducing the conservation equation for a coupled model with interaction term we have reconstructed the scalar field and the corresponding potential. The reconstructed energy density have been plotted for the case. Evolutionary behaviour of potential for the case have been pictorially presented.
Neutrino Masses and Leptogenesis in a Le
− Lμ
− Lτ
model
Authors: Marciano Simone
Published: February 2022

We present a simple extension of the Standard Model with three right-handed neutrinos in a SUSY framework, with an additional U(1)F abelian flavor symmetry with a non standard leptonic charge for lepton doublets and arbitrary right-handed charges. We show how it is possible to provide the correct predictions for the mixing angles of the PMNS matrix and for the

r
=
Δ

m

sun

2

/
Δ

m

atm

2

parameter with a moderate fine tuning. The baryon asymmetry of the Universe is generated via thermal leptogenesis through CP-violating decays of the heavy right-handed neutrinos. We present a detailed numerical solution of the relevant Boltzmann equation accounting for the impact of the distribution of the asymmetry in the lepton flavors.
Nuclear de-excitation associated with neutrino-carbon interactions
Authors: Abe Seisho
Published: February 2022

Neutrino interactions in low energy regions below 30 MeV, where the experimental searches for supernova relic neutrino are conducted, have a large uncertainty due to complicated nuclear effects such as the Pauli blocking effect and de-excitation of a residual nucleus. Understanding the effect of nuclear de-excitation is especially critical since neutrons measured by liquid scintillator detectors can be emitted via de-excitation. We build a systematic method to predict nuclear de-excitation associated with neutrino-carbon interaction using TALYS and Geant4. This prediction is combined with the results of neutrino event generators, and we find a large increase in neutron multiplicity.
Probing the magnitude of asymmetries in the lateral density distribution of electrons in EAS
Authors: Basak Animesh , Dey Rajat K.
Published: February 2022

The lateral density distributions (LDD) of inclined cosmic ray air shower are asymmetric and the corresponding iso-density contours are of increasing eccentric ellipses with zenith angles of different showers. The polar asymmetry of the iso-density contours introduces a significant shift of the EAS core, which is quantitatively expressed as a gap length (GL) parameter between the EAS core and the center of the modified density pattern consisting of several equi-density ellipses. The LDD of EAS particles is usually approximated by a particular type of lateral density function (LDF) which is generally assumed to be polar symmetric about the EAS axis, and cannot describe the asymmetric LDDs accurately. A polar angle-dependent modified lateral density function of EASs has been derived analytically by considering the effect of attenuation of EAS particles in the atmosphere. From the simulation studies, it has been found that the GL manifests sensitivity to the cosmic ray mass composition. The cosmic ray mass sensitivity of the lateral shower age is also re-examined by applying the modified LDF to the simulated data.
Supernova Neutrino Burst Search at KamLAND
Authors: Eizuka M , Ishidoshiro K , Obara S
Published: February 2022

We report a result of supernova neutrino burst search at KamLAND in a neutrino energy range of 1.8–111 MeV via the inverse-beta decay (IBD). The search was performed using data from 2002 March 9th to 2020 July 17th, and the corresponding livetime is 5001.21 days. We searched for two or more sequential IBD events within 10 s as a supernova neutrino burst candidate. The dominant background is the accidental cluster of 2 or more IBD events caused by neutrinos from other sources, though, which are estimated to be almost negligible. We evaluated detectable ranges for some emitted supernova neutrino burst models. The conservative detectable ranges are 38kpc for core-collapse supernova (ccSN) and 42kpc for failed ccSN. We found no significant supernova neutrino burst events and set a 90% upper limit on the supernova neutrino detection rate in KamLAND as 0.178 burst/yr.
The JUNO OSIRIS Detector
Authors: Sterr Tobias
Published: February 2022

The Online Scintillator Internal Radioactivity Investigation System (OSIRIS) is a 20-ton liquid scintillator detector currently under construction at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) in Kaiping, China. OSIRIS features 76 newly developed, “intelligent PMTs” (iPMTs) surrounding a cylindrical acrylic vessel enclosed in a Cherenkov muon veto. Two calibration systems, an Automated Calibration Unit (ACU) and a laser calibration system are available. The detector will be integrated into the Liquid Handling System (LHS) of JUNO. The main purpose of OSIRIS is the monitoring of the radiopurity of the liquid scintillator during the filling phase of JUNO, measuring contamination levels of 238U, 232Th, 85Kr, 210Po and 14C. A consecutive physics phase addressing solar neutrinos and 0νββ decay is foreseen.
Understanding the systematic effects for the directional detection of sub-MeV solar neutrinos with Borexino
Authors: Singhal Apeksha
Published: February 2022

Borexino, located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy, is a liquid scintillator detector that measures solar neutrinos via elastic scattering off electrons. The scintillation process of detection makes it impossible to distinguish electrons scattered by neutrinos from the electrons emitted from the decays of radioactive backgrounds. Due to the unprecedented radio-purity achieved by the Borexino detector, the real time spectroscopic detection of solar neutrinos from both the pp chain and CNO fusion cycle of the Sun has been performed. With the newly presented analysis, it is now possible for the first time, to perform the directional detection of the sub-MeV solar neutrinos and extract the 7Be interaction rate using the few Cherenkov photons emitted at early times, in the direction of scattered electrons with an energy threshold of 0.16 MeV in the liquid scintillator. The angle which correlates the direction of the Sun and the direction of the emitted Cherenkov photons is a key parameter to extract the neutrino signal from data. This article will describe the strategy used in the evaluation of various systematic effects including the geometric conditions of the detector and the data selection cuts that can influence the shape of the directional angle distribution for backgrounds, which is crucial to disentangle the directional sub-MeV solar neutrino signal from the isotropic background in data.
nEXO light detection system
Authors: Chana Bindiya
Published: February 2022

nEXO is a future 5-tonne scale liquid xenon time projection chamber (TPC) experiment looking for hypothetical neutrinoless double beta decay of isotope136Xe. To attain the projected half-life sensitivity of 1028years, it aims to achieve an energy resolution of 1% or better at the Q-value (Qββ = 2.458 MeV) of the decay. nEXO plans to employ silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) on the lateral surface of the cylindrical TPC to detect the light signals. Newly developed SiPMs sensitive to vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light will be directly used for the detection of scintillation photons (λ = 175nm) in liquid xenon. For achieving the target energy resolution, the light detection system must have high photon detection efficiency, low correlated avalanche noise and low dark noise rate. The SiPM devices from two vendors are considered for the light detection system in the experiment. The primary goal of this research project is to characterize the VUV-SiPMs and measure their various features like gain, crosstalk, afterpulsing, dark noise rate, reflectivity and photon detection efficiency. Along with all these measurements, a monitoring tool will be required to test the large number of SiPMs before installing them in the detector. Current-voltage(IV) curve characterisation is being explored as a quick quality-testing tool for the performance of SiPM.
Probing the Neutrino-Nucleus Elastic Scattering with Point Contact Germanium detectors and its Quantum-Mechanical Coherency Effects
Authors: Sharma V. , Wong H. T.
Published: February 2022

Neutrino Nucleus Elastic scattering (υAel
) is a well understood Standard Model process. A generic scale of Eυ
<50 MeV is usually taken to characterize the requirement of coherency in vAel process. To quantify this transition, we formulated a universal parametrization of the degree of coherency. The TEXONO experiment is pursuing measurement of the υAel
interactions with the reactor neutrinos at Kuo-Sheng Reactor Neutrino Laboratory (KSNL), in a kinematic regime where the Quantum Mechanical coherency is complete. Point-contact germanium detectors at sub-keV sensitivities are adopted to detect the low-energy nuclear recoils in υAel
. We report our latest status and plan of this program. A complementing line of research is on the formulation of a universal scheme to quantify the QM coherency effects in υAel
, and study their dependence on experimental configurations. Constraints from existing measurements from COHERENT experiment are presented.
Dark Matter Physics in Neutrino Telescopes and Neutrino Physics in Dark Matter Detectors
Authors: Cheek Andrew
Published: February 2022

It is often the case that experiments built with a focus on a specific fundamental question are sensitive to a wider range of physical phenomena. In this proceedings I discuss two cases where new insights will come from experiments that have a different primary purpose. First, presents results from Ref. [1], which assesses what simple dark matter models will be uniquely probed by a upcoming Neutrino telescope inspired by KM3NeT. Given the existing constraints from γ-ray telescopes, measurements of the cosmic microwave background and direct dark matter detection, we focus on a secluded U(1)L
μ − L
γ model as particularly promising. Secondly, I present the results from Ref. [2], which describes how detecting solar neutrinos in direct dark matter detection experiments will be vital for confirming the possible U(1)L
μ − L
γ explanation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.
Status of 0νββ search in KamLAND-Zen800
Authors: Takeuchi Atsuto
Published: February 2022

KamLAND-Zen is an experiment searching for a neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ-decay) using 136Xe. We started the KamLAND-Zen800 phase in 2019 and are aiming to the 0νββ-decay search in the inverted mass hierarchy. Xenon spallation products, that is a newly considered background, become one of the dominant backgrounds in Zen800 as a result of background reduction efforts. A parameter Effective Number of Neutrons is introduced to tag the xenon spallation background. Now we are able to measure a production rate of them. In this proceedings, the status of 0νββ-decay search in KamLAND-Zen800 and the method to measure the xenon spallation products are described.
First results from the HENSA/ANAIS collaboration at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory
Authors: Mont-Geli N , Tarifeño-Saldivia A , Orrigo S E A , Taín J L , Grieger M , Agramunt J , Algora A , Amaré J , Bemmerer D , Calviño F , Cebrián S , Coarasa I , Cortés G , Blas A De , Dillmann I , Fraile L M , García E , García R , Martínez M , Nacher E , Ortigoza Y , Ortiz A , Pallàs M , Puimedón J , Salinas A , Sarsa M L , Tolosa-Delgado A
Published: February 2022

The HENSA/ANAIS collaboration aims for the precise determination of the neutron flux that could affect ANAIS-112, an experiment looking for the dark matter annual modulation using NaI(Tl) scintillators. In this work, the first measurements of the neutron flux and Monte Carlo simulations of the neutron spectrum are reported.
Effects of nonzero Majorana CP phases on oscillations of supernova neutrinos
Authors: Popov Artem , Studenikin Alexander
Published: February 2022

Following our paper [1], we study the effects of nonzero Dirac and Majorana CP violating phases on neutrino-antineutrino oscillations engendered by magnetic fields of astrophysical environments. We show that in the presence of strong magnetic fields and dense matter, nonzero CP phases can induce new resonances in neutrino-antineutrino oscillations, in particular in the channels

ν
e

↔

ν
¯

e

,

ν
e

↔

ν
¯

μ

and

ν
e

↔

ν
¯

τ

. The discovered resonances can lead to appearance of potentially observable phenomena in neutrino oscillations accessible for observation in future experiments, such as JUNO and Hyper-Kamiokande.
Neutrino magnetic moments in low-energy neutrino scattering on condensed matter systems
Authors: Donchenko Georgy , Kouzakov Konstantin , Studenikin Alexander
Published: February 2022

The cross sections of elastic neutrino scattering on electrons and nuclei in the regime of low-energy transfer are known to be very sensitive to neutrino electromagnetic properties. In particular, the magnetic moment of the neutrino can be effectively searched using liquid or solid detectors with a very low energy threshold. We present the formalism that incorporates the neutrino magnetic moment contribution in the theoretical treatment of the low-energy elastic neutrino scattering on a condensed-matter target. The concept of the dynamic structure factor is employed to describe the collective effects in the target. The differential cross section for tritium antineutrino scattering on the superfluid 4He is calculated numerically. We find that the neutrino magnetic moment of the order of 10−11

μB
strongly affects the cross section. Our results can be used in the search of neutrino magnetic moments in future low-energy neutrino scattering experiments with liquid or solid targets.