bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A DEDUTIBILIDADE DO ÁGIO NA FORMA DA LEI Nº 12.973/2014 EM CONFORMIDADE COM AS NOVAS REGRAS CONTÁBEIS INTERNACIONAIS: INFLUXOS ENTRE DIREITO E CONTABILIDADE
Authors: Leão Lamb Leonardo , Costa Guimarães Ariane
Published: July 2018

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo a análise das regras jurídico-contábeis atuais relativas ao aproveitamento fiscal de ágio, de acordo com a Lei nº 12.973/2014, bem como as novas regras contábeis internacionais, introduzidas no ordenamento jurídico pátrio por meio das Leis nºs 11.638/2007 e 11.941/2009. A partir de um cenário econômico globalizado, buscou-se estudar os efeitos decorrentes da globalização e transnacionalização dos mercados para o Direito Tributário, utilizando como parâmetro um dos principais assuntos de interesse dos grandes contribuintes no Brasil, qual seja, o aproveitamento fiscal do ágio. Assim, este trabalho contém análises profundas de todas as discussões que nortearam a introdução, no Brasil, das novas regras contábeis internacionais, as quais visaram padronizar as informações fornecidas pelas empresas situadas no País à fiscalização com as informações prestadas por empresas em todo o mundo, no âmbito dos mais diversos segmentos de mercado. Parte-se do pressuposto reconhecido por doutrina majoritária de que o Direito Tributário está intimamente relacionado com a Contabilidade, razão pela qual se busca, a partir desta pesquisa, aferir quais foram as transformações sofridas pelo Direito Tributário a partir da adoção de regras contábeis em conformidade com as normas internacionais vigentes, principalmente em relação a importantes princípios constitucionais que balizam a atuação arrecadatória fiscal do Estado. O mérito da pesquisa está em identificar como deverão ser reconhecidas e deduzidas fiscalmente as despesas empreendidas com o pagamento do ágio em investimentos societários avaliados pelo Método de Equivalência Patrimonial, principalmente a partir de dados levantados junto às casas do Poder Legislativo (Câmara dos Deputados e Senado Federal), do Poder Executivo e da jurisprudência produzida em larga escala pelo Conselho Administrativo de Recursos Fiscais (CARF), para determinar a regulamentação fiscal de tais despesas frente aos novos padrões de contabilidade introduzidos no Brasil. Não é objeto do trabalho a análise crítica das decisões tomadas pelo Poder Legislativo relativamente ao tratamento jurídico do ágio, mas tão somente a interpretação dos dispositivos inseridos no ordenamento jurídico de acordo com os dados colhidos junto aos principais órgãos do Poder Público, bem como da literatura jurídica e contábil existente sobre o tema
PAPEL DAS RÁDIOS COMUNITÁRIAS NO DISTRITO FEDERAL PARA PRESERVAÇÃO E DIFUSÃO DA ARTE LOCAL: UM ESTUDO SOBRE AS EMISSORAS NA FERCAL, SOBRADINHO II E PLANALTINA
Authors: Assis Brasil Andressa , Claudio Ferreira Luiz
Published: July 2018

Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo central de realizar uma análise da programação de trêsrádios comunitárias do Distrito Federal a fim de verificar se as emissoras prestamserviço ao público-alvo e também identificar se esses veículos têm cumprido amissão em relação ao que está previsto em lei, incluindo a divulgação da culturalocal, a preservação da identidade e a promoção do desenvolvimento social. Paratal, são identificadas as ações comunicativas de três rádios comunitárias do DistritoFederal, nas regiões da Fercal, Planaltina e Sobradinho II. Especificamente, otrabalho verifica se as rádios comunitárias representam grupos não privilegiadospela mídia tradicional. A pesquisa reveste-se de importância tanto pelo alcance quea rádio ainda tem no país como pelo papel comunitário que exerce no DistritoFederal, unidade federativa com profundas desigualdades sociais. Além do mais,algumas regiões não recebem sinal de todas as emissoras comerciais, que, dequalquer forma, não têm como principal fundamento a divulgação de informaçõescomunitárias ou não se prestam a dar visibilidade à cultural local. As maiores rádiospossuem compromissos comerciais, compreendem a audiência como métrica paradeterminar as temáticas. Priorizam, por exemplo, as músicas internacionais e asbrasileiras de maior sucesso no Sudeste. Para analisar o trabalho realizado em trêsrádios comunitárias do Distrito Federal: Alternativa Popular (Sobradinho II), a daFercal FM (na Fercal) e a Utopia (Planaltina) houve a revisão da literatura sobrerádios comunitárias no Brasil, e da legislação acerca do tema; foi produzido odetalhamento minucioso da programação das rádios observadas, bem comoprojetos, eventos e oficinas das emissoras; e, por fim, realizado o estudo de caso apartir da observação das programações culturais das rádios, trazendo o cruzamentode informações entre os objetivos das rádios e o que é efetivamente é feito e levadoao ar. No processo de observação preliminar dos conteúdos, foi aferido que asrádios enfrentam o desafio de cumprir suas missões com falta de recursos econseguem parcialmente cumprir objetivos comunitários propostos. Para asinterações com o público, as emissoras estimulam participação por telefone, utilizamsites e mídias sociais
PROJETOS PEDAGÓGICOS PROMOTORES DA IGUALDADE DE GÊNERO EM ESCOLAS DO DISTRITO FEDERAL
Authors: Mendes Gomes Brasil de Holanda João , De Queiroz Dias Jácome Marília
Published: July 2018

Apesar da discussão de gênero e sexualidade ser um tema previsto nas disciplinas do ensino fundamental, conforme previsto pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, a violência de gênero e contra a população LGBT ainda persiste nas escolas brasileiras. No entanto, apesar das críticas à formação carente dos/as professores/as frente à essa temática, sabe-se que esforços têm sido feitos por educadores/as que buscam promover a igualdade entre homens e mulheres em suas salas de aula. Buscando valorizar ações bem sucedidas de promoção à igualdade de gênero, entrevistaram-se, individualmente, seis professores/as de escolas públicas do Distrito Federal que trabalham ou trabalhavam à época da pesquisa com projetos pedagógicos promotores da igualdade de gênero. Os/as participantes foram selecionados/as via rede social do pesquisador. Após a transcrição das entrevistas, elaboraram-se quatro categorias analíticas, a saber: 1) diretrizes legais que pautam os projetos, 2) receptividade e efetivação dos projetos, 3) impacto dos projetos nas escolas e 4) perfil dos professores e inspiração para os projetos. Notou-se que não há clareza nos marcos legais que pautam os projetos, se por um lado, eles são justificados, por outro há um prejuízo em sua efetivação. Com a exceção de um deles, os projetos não se efetivaram nas escolas e permaneceram ligados ao/à professor/a, mesmo estando no Projeto Político Pedagógico das escolas. Inclusive, alguns que foram premiados as escolas não consideraram como algo que devesse ter continuidade. A maioria dos agentes escolares mostrava-se duvidosa sobre a necessidade dos projetos e muitos desmereciam tais esforços, já os/as alunos/as demonstraram engajamento com as atividades propostas. Os projetos em sua maioria eram realizados por professores/as jovens, com formação acadêmica nas áreas humanas e sociais, atuantes em escolas de periferia e que já presenciaram cenas de violência contra as mulheres ou jovens LGBT nas escolas
ESTUDO DE RECRUTAMENTO DE FAMÍLIAS DE DIPTERA DE INTERESSE FORENSE
Authors: De Sousa Silva Jéssica , De Sousa Silva Jéssica , Cristina de Carvalho Oliveira Barbara , Roberto Martins Queiroz Paulo
Published: July 2018

A Entomologia Forense é uma das áreas que consegue informações relevantesa partir da análise do comportamento, alimentação, reprodução e característicasmorfológicas de insetos necrófagos que estão presentes em uma investigaçãocriminal. Ela também auxilia na identificação do IPM (intervalo pós-morte)contribuindo, diretamente, na medicina legal. Esse intervalo pode ser encontradopor meio da rigidez cadavérica, resfriamento do corpo, livores cadavéricos, fases dedecomposição e da fauna cadavérica. O estudo das principais famílias de insetos deinteresse forense vem crescendo no intuito de auxiliar na determinação do tempo demorte. Os insetos de maior relevância pertencem às ordens Díptera e Coleóptera.As famílias de Díptera mais importantes são Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae eMuscidae, sendo que estes insetos atuam de forma fundamental na decomposiçãoda matéria orgânica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a análise da distribuição dafrequência acumulada desses insetos de interesse forense em duas localidadesdiferentes situadas no Distrito Federal. Foram utilizadas três armadilhas simplesconfeccionadas com material reciclável contendo em torno de 100 g de matériaorgânica deixada em decomposição. As coletas dos adultos foram feitas diariamentedurante um período de 7 dias. Foram avaliados parâmetros, tais como, localização,estação do ano, tipo de carne usada, horário de coleta, temperatura e umidade. Asanálises desses parâmetros indicam que as famílias de insetos analisadas nesseestudo têm o seu comportamento influenciado pelas variações ambientais. Foramcoletados ao todo 4.212 insetos, sendo 1.562 pertencentes à família Calliphoridae,172 a Sarcophagidae, 694 a Muscidae e 1.784 a outros insetos. Foram feitasanálises de frequência acumulada e de distribuição sendo possível estabelecer umpadrão de recrutamento dos adultos em relação à matéria orgânica emdecomposição. Esse padrão foi obtido por modelagem de curvas indicando queCalliphoridae e Muscidae possuem o mesmo padrão de recrutamento enquantoSarcophagidae possui um padrão típico
ANÁLISE DE FORÇA MUSCULAR, EQUILÍBRIO E CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL EM PACIENTES COM ESCLEROSE MÚLTIPLA: INTERVENÇÃO MULTIDISCPLINAR
Authors: Da Silva Chaves Franciele , Martins Vargas Mariana , Lopes de Farias Darlan
Published: July 2018

A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença autoimune neurodegenerativa que afeta o sistema nervoso central (SNC), mais especificamente na bainha de mielina. Isto ocorre pela inflamação da membrana envoltória do axônio por uma agressão das células “T” autoreativas, com a perda da mielina, a neurotransmissão fica prejudicada, impedindo a condução dos impulsos nervosos. Cerca de 75% dos pacientes afetados apresentamem alguma fase da doença a fadiga, impossibilitando a realização de suas atividades de vida diária (AVDs) pela presença de dor e/ou fraqueza muscular. A fadiga experimentada pelos pacientes com EM é diferente da que acomete indivíduos saudáveis, ou outrasdoenças e, exerce claramente um grande fardo físico e psicológico podendo ter um impacto importante na qualidade de vida. O presente projeto teve o objetivo em uma fase inicial o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências dos integrantes sobre a doençae traçar um perfil dos pacientes com esclerose múltipla que serão atendidos em uma fase crônica de intervenção, assim como o envio ao comitê de ética e saúde da secretaria de saúde do Distrito Federal. O projeto foi realizado em parceria com o Hospital deBase de Brasília. A fase crônica do projeto prevê uma intervenção que será realizada com musicoterapia, exercícios fisioterapêuticos e exercício físico (treino de força), objetivando o tratamento e a determinação de protocolos para a referida população. Operíodo da intervenção será de doze semanas com duas sessões semanais. O perfil e as coletas traçadas na fase inicial demonstraram que as avaliações tendem a apresentar moderadas e fortes correlações das variáveis de equilíbrio, força muscular e capacidade funcional com os valores de EDSS (Escala Expandida do Estado de Incapacidade de Kurtzke). A referida escala é um método de quantificar incapacidades ocorridas durante a evolução da Esclerose Múltipla ao longo do tempo. Algumas limitações do estudo como número da amostra pequeno (n=5) e a não realização de uma avaliação crônica impediu a conclusão de causa e efeito das variáveis. Como desfecho as avaliações realizadas demonstraram ser adequadas e com respostas as hipóteses criadas. Após o período de intervenção possivelmente será demonstrado resultados que nortearão mais uma alternativa no tratamento de pacientes com Esclerose Múltipla
SELEÇÃO DE ATIVOS BIOLÓGICOS DE Bacillus thuringiensis COM POTENCIAL DE INIBIÇÃO DE MICRORGANISMOS
Authors: Carolina Hortencio Garcia Ana , Iris De Medeiros Santos Vanessa , Roberto Queiroz Paulo
Published: July 2018

Bacillus thuringiensis é um bacilo Gram-positivo comumente encontrado emsolo. Por ser produtor de substâncias antimicrobianas é uma promissora ferramentade biocontrole de diferentes espécies de insetos e microrganismos que estãorelacionados a patologias humanas. Sua toxicidade advém de cristais proteicosproduzidos durante a esporulação conhecidos como cristais Cry e proteínas que sãoproduzidas na fase de esporulação, as bacteriocinas, que possuem propriedadesbacteriolítica e bacteriostática. O objetivo desse projeto foi isolar estirpes de B.thuringiensis a partir de solos de cerrado com potencial de inibição de microrganismos.Foram isoladas e caracterizadas morfologicamente nove estirpes de Bt (P4, BAC,ACVI1, ACVI2, ACVI3, ACVI4, ACVI5, ACVI6 e ACVI7), com as quais foram realizadasbioensaios de confronto, em que foi verificado o potencial de inibição de cada estirpe.As estirpes ACVI5, ACVI6 e BAC se destacaram como as principais inibidoras. Acoloração de Gram foi utilizada para confirmação da caracterização morfológica e ouso de corante Amido Black permitiu a visualização das toxinas do bacilo emmicroscopia óptica, confirmando a identificação de Bt. Os ensaios de inibiçãodemonstraram que a estirpe P4 foi a que apresentou o menor potencial de produçãode bacteriocinas, sendo inibida por todas as demais estirpes isoladas. Esse projeto depesquisa com B. thuringiensis vem sendo realizado no Centro Universitário de Brasíliahá 5 anos com o intuito de se avaliar o potencial biotecnológico de uso futuro dessabactéria em inibir microrganismos de interesse biomédico. O Brasil é um país queapresenta alta incidência de doenças provocadas por microrganismos e anecessidade de desenvolver técnicas para combater tais doenças é decisiva. Nessecontexto o uso de B. thuringiensis é uma alternativa vantajosa, visto ser de isolamentosimples, seus produtos tóxicos a organismos específicos e oferecer baixo riscoambiental e à saúde humana
Effectivity of combined diffusion-weighted imaging and contrast-enhanced MRI in malignant and benign breast lesions
Authors: Yadav Pratiksha , Chauhan Surbhi
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Mammography is the most commonly used diagnostic test for breast lesion detection and evaluation, but in dense breast parenchyma it lowers its sensitivity to detect small lesions. Sensitivity and specificity improves with combined use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectivity of combined dynamic CE-MRI and DWI in differentiating benign and malignant lesions, and to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of malignant and benign lesions of the breast.

Material and methods

Fifty-seven patients with 68 lesions were included in the study. MRI of breast using different sequences was acquired on 1.5 Tesla Machine with dedicated breast coils. Dynamic CE-MRI along with DWI was acquired for each patient. Histopathological reports were accepted as the standard of reference.

Results

Out of 68 lesions, 37 were malignant on biopsy (54.4%) and 31 were benign (45.5%). The sensitivity of CE-MRI was 92%, specificity 84.21%, positive predictive values (PPV) 88.46 %, and negative predictive values (NPP) 88.89%. The sensitivity of DWI-MRI was 91.6%, specificity was 90.6%, PPV 91.6%, and NPP 90.6%. The sensitivity of combined DWI-MRI and CE-MRI was 95.0%, specificity was 96.43%, PPV 97.44%, and NPP 93.10%. Mean ADCs of benign lesions (b = 800) was 1.905 ± 0.59 × 10–3 mm (2)/s, which was significantly higher than those of malignant lesions (b = 800) 1.014 ± 0.47 × 10–3 mm (2)/s.

Conclusions

Multi-parametric MRI is an excellent non-invasive modality with high sensitivity and specificity to differen­tiate malignant from benign breast lesions.
Radiological features of sacrococcygeal teratomas in fetal magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography – a case report
Authors: Firszt Oliver P. , Myga-Porosiło Jolanta , Pośpieszny Katarzyna , Golus Tomasz , Trzeszkowska-Rotkegel Sylwia , Głowacki Jan , Sraga Wojciech , Kluczewska Ewa
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCT) can be detected in ultrasonography as early as in the first trimester. Currently, prenatal ultrasonography enables a thorough examination of tumors, but it is not always sufficient. The purpose of this study was to determine the most important features of SCTs in fetal magnetic resonance imaging and to confront them with postnatal computed tomography (CT).

Case report

Between 2009 and 2013, 5 cases of sacrococcygeal teratomas were diagnosed in our hospital using fetal magnetic resonance imaging (3 female and 2 male infants). Three of the affected newborns underwent postnatal CT before surgery. In each case, tumor size, its content, mass effect, and classification according to the Altman’s criteria were determined and compared with other features. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and postnatal CT were in excellent agreement with respect to tumor classification using the aformentioned criteria. MRI better characterizes tumor content and its extent compared to ultrasound, and enables a precise structural assessment of the central nervous system. Postnatal CT is complementary to fetal MRI and optional.

Conclusions

Fetal MRI may help in the prenatal diagnosis of SCTs as it overcomes the limitations of obstetric ultrasound. Postnatal computed tomography is useful in determining tumor vascularity or calcifications, and it can depict the surrounding bone structures.
Magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging in diagnostics of primary fallopian tube carcinoma – is it useful?
Authors: Grabowska-Derlatka Laretta , Szeszkowski Wojciech , Sieńko Jacek , Derlatka Paweł
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) is the rarest form of female genital malignancy. The imaging applied for suspected adnexal masses includes transvaginal ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but the vast majority of PFTC is recognised intraoperatively.

Material and methods

The study group consisted of seven women with postoperatively histopathological diagnosis of PFTC. To recognise characteristic findings for PFTC, retrospective analysis of preoperative MRI was performed. All patients underwent MRI of the pelvis and abdomen using a 1.5T MR system. Based on the results of the above imaging, suspected adnexal masses were recognised. MRI protocol contained T2-weighted images, fat-suppressed T2-weighted, T2-TIRM, DW EPI, pre- and postcontrast dynamic 3D T1 GRE in transverse orientation, with diffusion weightings of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 s/mm2. Regions of interest were outlined by a radiologist, who documented the character of adnexal masses on diffusion-weighted (DW) images and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps.

Results

In all seven patients with PFTC unilateral tumour was found. On all DW images (with β values of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 s/mm2) the mean signal intensities of solid parts of tumour were significantly higher than the mean signal intensities of normal ovarian tissue (p = 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences between eight β values applied for ADC calculations.

Conclusions

Preoperative diagnostics of PFTC is difficult and mainly based on morphological features. Previous research did not show characteristics of PFTC in post-contrast dynamic imaging. In our material a clear increasing of signal intensity in DW imaging occurred independently of the β value.
Percutaneous lung needle biopsies – utility and complications in various chest lesions: a single-institution experience
Authors: Jelitto-Gorska Małgorzata , Studniarek Michał , Durawa Agata , Marjanski Tomasz , Szurowska Edyta
Published: July 2018

Purpose

It is crucial to obtain a specific diagnosis before treatment of chest pathology is initiated. The purpose of the study is to present the utility of percutaneous biopsies, core and fine-needle aspiration, in various thoracic lesions, and related complications.

Material and methods

A total of 593 transthoracic biopsies were performed in the Department of Radiology between 2013 and 2016. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and core biopsy (CB) were implemented. The procedures were divided into four groups according to the location of the pathology: lung lesions (LL – 540), mediastinal masses (MM – 25), chest wall tumours (CWT – 13), and pleural lesions (PL – 15). The lung lesion group was divided into two subgroups: lung nodules and lung infiltrations. All groups were analysed in respect of diagnostic accuracy, pathological findings, and complication rate.

Results

Pathological diagnosis was confirmed in 447 cases after all 593 procedures. The sensitivity of malignancy diagnosis in the group of lung tumours was 75% for FNAB and 89% for CB. The sensitivity in other groups, where CB was a preferable technique, was counted for lung infiltration, mediastinal masses, chest wall tumours, and pleural lesions and amounted to 83.3%, 90.9%, 100%, and 85.7%, respectively. In the group of lung tumours malignancy was confirmed most commonly (79%), while in the lung infiltration group benign processes dominated (83%). There was no statistical difference between the pneumothorax rate after CB and FNAB. Haemoptysis appeared more often after CB.

Conclusions

FNAB and CB are useful, safe, and sensitive tools in the diagnostic work-up. They can both be used to diagnose almost all chest pathologies.
Acute hydrocephalus secondary to meningioma with psychiatric symptoms as initial manifestation
Authors: Valentim Marta , Cadena Velez Iván , Teles Neto Catarina , Almeida Sónia , Gameiro Ana , Silva Fernandes Inés
Published: July 2018

Background: Psychiatric disorders are often difficult to evaluate and sometimes have negative connotations associated. That could be a reason to ignore the correct diagnosis of underlying neurological diseases.Case report: We present a case report of a patient with psychiatric symptomatology, where during the study in the Emergency Department an acute hydrocephalus secondary to a massive meningioma was evidenced.Conclusions: This case exemplifies how psychiatric symptoms, often devalued by the physician, may be the first manifestation of serious neurological disorders, as well as being associated with a medical emergency, as in this case was the acute hydrocephalus.
NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND SUPRANATIONAL COORDINATION OF THE REGIONAL INNOVATION POLICY IN THE EU COUNTRIES
Authors: Abesadze Ramaz , Burduli Vakhtang
Published: July 2018

The initial prerequisites for the formation of regional innovation policies and mechanisms (strategies and instru-ments) for its coordination at the national, regional and supranational levels, mainly in the EU countries, are systematized and justified in the article. It is shown that at all three levels of coordination, mostly joint tools for coordination of industrial and innovation policies are used. The national and regional levels of coordination of industrial and innovation policies in France and South Korea, that have successfully reformed the coordination mechanisms of these policies, has been thoroughly explored. Mechanisms for coordination of the supranational regional industrial and innovation policies of the EU have also been systematically investigated.
The European Union’s Strategy on Hybrid Threats
Authors: Górski Sławomir Stanisław
Published: July 2018

The article discusses and analyses the terminology and gives a description of hybrid threats. Particular emphasis is placed on their diversity, variability and the problematic nature of  methods used by  an  aggressor in  order to  destabilise the social, political and economic environments against which the hostile activities are targeted. The areas which may be under the influence of hybrid threats have been indicated and many aspects of these threats’ influence on a contemporary countries’ functioning have also been underlined. The main focus of hybrid threats’ considerations is put in the context of the European Union. The related strategic documents have been analysed and the directions of action defined in them, which may prevent or neutralise the consequences of hybrid threats, have been described, as well. Particular attention has been paid to the analysis of the ”Joint Framework on countering hybrid threats”, the strategic document which acts as a map for joint anti-hybrid activities. The directions of action defined in it may, in the
author’s opinion, contribute to building up resistance to hybrid threats. Particularly legitimate are activities which aim at providing an appropriate level of situational knowledge, as well as effective exchange of intelligence information among the European Union’s institutions and its member states. What is more, developing the analytical potential and the transfer of knowledge of hybrid threats, which is carried out by joint centres of excellence, may result in a situation where the influence of these threats on the social, political and economic dimension of the member states’ functioning is smaller. Comparisons between the common strategic solutions to hybrid threats and other instruments of the European Union relating to the internal security (civil protection, solidarity clause) have been made in the article. The summary discusses the directions of antihybrid strategic activities, among which developing the awareness of threats and strengthening the social resilience to hybrid threats have been given special emphasis.
Outreach, engagement, learning, and fun in 60 seconds: Button making at the Rutgers University Libraries
Authors: Lotts Megan , Maharjan Tara
Published: July 2018

In the fall of 2016, the Rutgers University Libraries (RUL)-New Brunswick Learning and Engagement team spent $580 to purchase a button maker and supplies to make 1,000 buttons. Since then, the libraries have collaborated on button projects with many departments on campus, including the Rutgers Art History Student Association, the Zimmerli Art Museum, and the School of Arts and Sciences Honors program. These partnerships have helped the libraries build strong ties with the Rutgers-New Brunswick communities and attracted a devoted group of button makers who regularly attend library events.
Hidden science superstars: Making diversity visible to increase inclusion
Authors: Evans Mae , Herold Irene M. H. , Sharrow Zachary
Published: July 2018

Issues of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) are at the forefront of conversations in many academic and research libraries. In this article, we discuss our efforts to increase representation on our campus and in our library.
An explanation of apology acceptance based on lay peoples’ insights
Authors: Strickland James , Martin Katie , Allan Alfred , Allan Maria M.
Published: July 2018

Apologies play an important role in forgiveness, but the pathway from apology to forgiveness is unclear. Many researchers use Goffman’s model of the corrective interchange, or models derived from it to guide their research. This model is based on the assumption that offenders apologise to victims who accept these apologies and that this leads to forgiveness. The acceptance of the apology is therefore central in this model, so we undertook a systematic literature review to determine how researchers conceptualise and measure apology acceptance and found a lack of clarity around the construct. We addressed this theoretical uncertainty by exploring whether lay people distinguish between apology acceptance and forgiveness, and if they do, how they describe apology acceptance. We use contemporary neuro-cognitive theories that explain social and moral decision-making and behaviour to integrate the themes we identified to develop a preliminary theoretical explanation of how the apology acceptance stage fits into Goffman’s model.
Limited Predictive Value of Serum Inflammatory Markers for Diagnosing Fracture-Related Infections: results of a large retrospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Bosch Paul , den Janna van , Plate Joost D.J. , IJpma Frank F.A. , Houwert R. Marijn , Huisman Albert , Hietbrink Falco , Leenen Luke P.H. , Govaert Geertje A.M.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Introduction: Diagnosing Fracture-Related Infections (FRI) based on clinical symptoms alone can be challenging and additional diagnostic tools such as serum inflammatory markers are often utilized. The aims of this study were 1) to determine the individual diagnostic performance of three commonly used serum inflammatory markers: C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Leukocyte Count (LC) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), and 2) to determine the diagnostic performance of a combination of these markers, and the additional value of including clinical parameters predictive of FRI.Methods: This cohort study included patients who presented with a suspected FRI at two participating level I academic trauma centers between February 1st 2009 and December 31st 2017. The parameters CRP, LC and ESR, determined at diagnostic work-up of the suspected FRI, were retrieved from hospital records. The gold standard for diagnosing or ruling out FRI was defined as: positive microbiology results of surgically obtained tissue samples, or absence of FRI at a clinical follow-up of at least six months. The diagnostic accuracy of the individual serum inflammatory markers was assessed. Analyses were done with both dichotomized values using hospital thresholds as well as with continuous values. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to obtain the discriminative performance (Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic, AUROC) of (1) the combined inflammatory markers, and (2) the added value of these markers to clinical parameters.Results: A total of 168 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. CRP had a 38% sensitivity, 34% specificity, 42% positive predictive value (PPV) and 78% negative predictive value (NPV). For LC this was 39%, 74%, 46% and 67% and for ESR 62%, 64%, 45% and 76% respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 52%, 61% and 80% respectively. The AUROC was 0.64 for CRP, 0.60 for LC and 0.58 for ESR. The AUROC of the combined inflammatory markers was 0.63. Serum inflammatory markers combined with clinical parameters resulted in AUROC of 0.66 as opposed to 0.62 for clinical parameters alone.Conclusion: The added value of CRP, LC and ESR for diagnosing FRI is limited. Clinicians should be cautious when interpreting the results of these tests in patients with suspected FRI.
Adaptive diversity of beech seedlings under climate change scenarios
Authors: Varsamis Georgios , Papageorgiou Aristotelis C , Merou Theodora , Takos Ioannis , Malesios Chrisovalantis , Manolis Apostolos , Tsiripidis Ioannis , Gailing Oliver
Published: July 2018

The ability of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) populations to adapt to the ongoing climate change is crucial for the maintenance of economic and social benefits and for the conservation of biodiversity in Europe and especially in the southeastern part of the continent, where environmental change is expected to be more intense. Beech populations in the region cover multiple ecological conditions at a small geographical range and have a complex biogeographical background involving several postglacial lineages originating from distant or local refugia. In this study, we tested the existing adaptive potential of eight beech populations from two provenances in N.E. Greece (Evros and Drama), under simulated controlled climate change conditions in a growth chamber and in the field. In the growth chamber, simulated conditions of temperature and precipitation for the year 2050 were applied for three years, under two different irrigation schemes, a non-frequent (A1) and a frequent one (A2). Seedling survival, growth and leaf phenological traits were used as adaptive traits. The results showed that beech seedlings were generally able to survive under climate change conditions and showed adaptive differences among provenances and populations. Furthermore, beech genotypes demonstrated an impressive phenotypic plasticity by changing the duration of their growing season allowing them to avoid environmental stress and high selection pressure. Different populations and provenances were connected with different adaptation strategies, that relate mainly to the temporal distribution patterns of precipitation and temperature, rather than the average annual or monthly values of these measures. Additionally, different adaptive strategies appeared among beech seedlings when the same amount of water was distributed differently within each month. This indicates that the physiological response mechanisms of beech individuals are very complex and depend on several interacting parameters. For this reason, the choice of beech provenances for translocation and use in afforestation or reforestation projects should consider the small scale ecotypic diversity of the species and view multiple environmental and climatic parameters in connection to each other.
Osteoarthritis‐Related Walking Disability and Arterial Stiffness: Results From a Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Joseph Kenth L. , Hagen Kåre B. , Tveter Anne T. , Magnusson Karin , Provan Sella A. , Dagfinrud Hanne
Published: July 2018

Objective

To compare the 6‐minute walking distance (6MWD) in a population‐based cohort of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) with that in matched peers from the general population, and to explore the associations between walking ability and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the OA cohort.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included individuals (ages 40–80 years) who had self‐reported OA (n = 500) in a previous population‐based study and age‐ and sex‐matched peers from the general population (n = 235). Clinical examinations of the patients with OA included classification according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria, blood sampling, and measuring arterial stiffness (PWV; pulse wave velocity). Group differences in the 6MWD were calculated with t‐tests. The association between walking ability and CVD risk in the OA cohort was examined using multivariate regression models.

Results

In the age‐stratified analyses, the largest mean difference in the 6MWD was observed in the youngest age groups (40–49 years); female patients in the OA group walked 84.6 fewer meters compared with the reference group (579.4 meters and 663.9 meters, respectively; P < 0.001), and male patients walked 88.3 fewer meters compared with the reference group (619.9 meters and 708.3 meters, respectively; P = 0.001). In the OA group, the 6MWD was significantly associated with PWV in the adjusted analysis (P = 0.001); an increase in the walking distance of 100 meters corresponded to a reduction in PWV of 0.3 meters/second.

Conclusion

Even at age 40 years, patients with OA had a significantly shorter mean walking distance compared with their matched peers, underlining the importance of an early clinical approach to OA. Furthermore, in the OA group, the 6MWD was significantly associated with arterial stiffness, suggesting that walking ability is important for the CVD risk profile in patients with OA.
Copper‐Catalyzed [4+2] Cycloaddition Using N‐(2‐Pyridyl)ketimines and Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Tatsumi Kenta , Fujihara Tetsuaki , Terao Jun , Tsuji Yasushi
Published: July 2018

Copper‐catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition of N‐(2‐pyridyl)ketimines and terminal alkynes has been achieved. Ketimines bearing a trifluoromethyl group reacted with various terminal alkynes to produce pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidines in good to high yields. This reaction proceeded through a propargylamine intermediate and the corresponding product was obtained via 6‐endo‐dig cyclization.

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Asymmetric Segregation of Aged Spindle Pole Bodies During Cell Division: Mechanisms and Relevance Beyond Budding Yeast?
Authors: Lengefeld Jette , Barral Yves
Published: July 2018

Asymmetric cell division generates cell diversity and contributes to cellular aging and rejuvenation. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms enabling budding yeast to recognize spindle pole bodies (SPB, centrosome equivalent) based on their age, and guide their non‐random mitotic segregation: SPB inheritance requires the distinction of old from new SPBs and is regulated by the SPB‐inheritance network (SPIN) and the mitotic exit network (MEN). The SPIN marks the pre‐existing SPB as old and the MEN recognizes these marks translating them into spindle orientation. We next revisit other molecules and structures that partition depending on their age rather than their abundance at mitosis as, for example, DNA, centrosomes, mitochondria, and histones in yeast and other systems. The recurrence of this differential behavior suggests a functional significance for numerous cell types, which we then discuss. We conclude that non‐random segregation may facilitate asymmetric cell fate determination and thereby indirectly aging and rejuvenation. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/1sQ4rAomnWY.
Meta-analysis of the cumulative risk of endometrial malignancy and systematic review of endometrial surveillance in extended tamoxifen therapy
Authors: Fleming C A , Heneghan H M , O'Brien D , McCartan D P , McDermott E W , Prichard R S
Published: July 2018

Background

Optimal management of the endometrium in patients with oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer taking extended tamoxifen therapy (for 10 years) remains uncertain. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the cumulative risk ratio (RR) for endometrial malignancy following extended compared with standard tamoxifen treatment. A systematic review was undertaken to identify whether routine endometrial surveillance in patients receiving tamoxifen is associated with earlier detection and reduced incidence of endometrial malignancy.

Methods

Two independent searches were undertaken in the Cochrane Library, PubMed and MEDLINE. A meta-analysis was performed of RCTs reporting on endometrial malignancy risk in extended tamoxifen therapy. A systematic review included prospective studies investigating the benefit of endometrial surveillance during tamoxifen therapy.

Results

Four RCTs reported on endometrial risk in extended tamoxifen therapy. The cumulative risk of endometrial malignancy increased twofold from 1·5 to 3·2 per cent with extended therapy compared with the standard 5 years of tamoxifen (RR 2·29, 95 per cent c.i. 1·60 to 3·28; P < 0·001). Four studies analysed the value of endometrial screening in 5-year cohorts. Endometrial cancer rates of up to 2 per cent were reported, which is higher than rates in the large extended tamoxifen trials.

Conclusion

Extended adjuvant tamoxifen is associated with an increase in endometrial cancer. No clear benefit has been shown for routine endometrial surveillance in asymptomatic patients on tamoxifen therapy.
Differential patterns of age‐related cortical and subcortical functional connectivity in 6‐to‐10 year old children: A connectome‐wide association study
Authors: Langen Carolyn D. , Muetzel Ryan , Blanken Laura , van der Lugt Aad , Tiemeier Henning , Verhulst Frank , Niessen Wiro J. , White Tonya
Published: July 2018

Introduction

Typical brain development is characterized by specific patterns of maturation of functional networks. Cortico‐cortical connectivity generally increases, whereas subcortico‐cortical connections often decrease. Little is known about connectivity changes amongst different subcortical regions in typical development.

Methods

This study examined age‐ and gender‐related differences in functional connectivity between and within cortical and subcortical regions using two different approaches. The participants included 411 six‐ to ten‐year‐old typically developing children sampled from the population‐based Generation R study. Functional connectomes were defined in native space using regions of interest from subject‐specific FreeSurfer segmentations. Connections were defined as: (a) the correlation between regional mean time‐series; and (b) the focal maximum of voxel‐wise correlations within FreeSurfer regions. The association of age and gender with each functional connection was determined using linear regression. The preprocessing included the exclusion of children with excessive head motion and scrubbing to reduce the influence of minor head motion during scanning.

Results

Cortico‐cortical associations echoed previous findings that connectivity shifts from short to long‐range with age. Subcortico‐cortical associations with age were primarily negative in the focal network approach but were both positive and negative in the mean time‐series network approach. Between subcortical regions, age‐related associations were negative in both network approaches. Few connections had significant associations with gender.

Conclusions

The present study replicates previously reported age‐related patterns of connectivity in a relatively narrow age‐range of children. In addition, we extended these findings by demonstrating decreased connectivity within the subcortex with increasing age. Lastly, we show the utility of a more focal approach that challenges the spatial assumptions made by the traditional mean time series approach.
Characteristics of Nitric Acid‐Modified Carbon Nanotubes and Desalination Performance in Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Bao Shenxu , Duan Jihua , Zhang Yimin
Published: July 2018

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were treated by nitric acid to probe the effect of nitric acid modification on their properties and desalination performance in capacitive deionization (CDI). The nitric acid modification exerts a slight influence on the morphologies, specific surface area, and pore properties of the MWCNTs but can increase the amount of oxygen‐containing functional groups and then obviously enhance the specific capacitance of the electrodes. Thus, the desalination efficiency can be significantly improved as the modified MWCNTs serve as electrodes in CDI. The adsorption of salt ions on the original and modified MWCNT electrode is fitted well by the Freundlich isotherm other than the Langmuir isotherm.
Local Structural Effects of Eu3+ Incorporation into Xenotime‐type Solid Solutions with Different Host Cations
Authors: Xiao Bin , Lösch Henry , Huittinen Nina , Schmidt Moritz
Published: July 2018

In this study, the effect of host cations on the local structure around the dopant site of materials from the xenotime family is systematically studied on the molecular level. A series of six Eu3+‐doped xenotime‐type single crystals (Tb, Y, Ho, Er, Yb, and LuPO4) have been grown and spectroscopically analyzed by using polarization‐dependent laser‐induced luminescence spectroscopy (p‐TRLFS). Our results demonstrate that the structural disorder changes in a non‐linear manner with a structural break between Yb3+ and Lu3+. Despite adopting identical crystal structures, the solid solutions of these materials vary significantly, and differ from monazite solid solutions. Similar Eu3+ incorporation behavior with a strongly distorted dopant site is found for the early members of the xenotime family, whereas LuPO4 with the largest host versus dopant radii mismatch is anomalous in that it contains the most symmetrical lattice site. This goes along with a significantly stronger crystal field, indicating a shorter Eu−O bond length, as well as a strong vibronic coupling to external translational lattice vibrations. The p‐TRLFS analysis confirms the breakdown of the crystallographic site symmetry from D2d to C1 in YPO4, whereas a small distortion of the crystallographic site in LuPO4 results in an S4 point symmetry for the Eu3+ cation. The lattice with the smallest cation host site is no longer sufficiently flexible to make room for Eu3+ and instead “forces” the guest ion to occupy a less distorted Lu3+ site.
Are cortisol concentrations in human breast milk associated with infant crying?
Authors: Hechler Christine , Beijers Roseriet , Riksen‐Walraven J. Marianne , de Weerth Carolina
Published: July 2018

The present longitudinal study is the first to investigate the association between human breast milk cortisol and infant crying over the first three months of life. Higher concentrations of breast milk cortisol were expected to be differentially associated with fussing and crying in boys and girls. At 2, 6, and 12 weeks of infant age, mothers (N = 70) collected a morning sample of their milk and kept a 3‐day diary to measure infant fussing and crying. Cortisol was extracted and quantified from milk samples. Results showed that breast milk cortisol concentrations increased from 2 weeks through 12 weeks of infant age. Milk cortisol was unrelated to the total duration, frequency, and bout length of infant fussing and crying for both boys and girls. Directions for future research aiming to extend our knowledge on the biology of milk cortisol in relation to infant behavior and development are discussed.
Traits correlate with invasive success more than plasticity: A comparison of three Centaurea congeners
Authors: Montesinos Daniel , Callaway Ragan M.
Published: July 2018

The importance of phenotypic plasticity for successful invasion by exotic plant species has been well studied, but with contradictory and inconclusive results. However, many previous studies focused on comparisons of native and invasive species that co‐occur in a single invaded region, and thus on species with potentially very different evolutionary histories. We took a different approach by comparing three closely related Centaurea species: the highly invasive C. solstitialis, and the noninvasive but exotic C. calcitrapa and C. sulphurea. These species have overlapping distributions both in their native range of Spain and in their non‐native range of California. We collected seeds from 3 to 10 populations from each region and species and grew them in common garden greenhouse conditions to obtain an F1 generation in order to reduce maternal effects. Then, F1 seeds were grown subjected to simulated herbivory, variation in nutrient availability, and competition, to explore plasticity in the responses to these conditions. We found little variation in phenotypic plasticity among species and regions, but C. solstitialis plants from California produced more biomass in competition than their Spanish conspecifics. This species also had the highest relative growth rates when in competition and when grown under low nutrient availability. Noninvasive congeners produced intermediate or opposite patterns.