bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Naujagimiams palankioje ligoninėje gimusių naujagimių žindymo savitumai pirmaisiais gyvenimo metais
Authors: Vaitkevičiūtė Marija , Stonienė Dalia , Samsonaitė Paulina , Ulvydaitė Arūnė , Juotkutė Mantilė
Published: December 2021

Tyrimo tikslas. Išanalizuoti Naujagimiams palankioje ligoninėje (NPL) gimusių naujagimių žindymo savitumus pirmaisiais gyvenimo metais. Tyrimo metodai. Atliktas mišrus (retrospektyvusis ir perspektyvusis) tyrimas, kurio metu tirti III lygio Perinataliniame centre, turinčiame NPL vardą, gimę išnešioti (≥37 savaičių), sveiki, išimtinai nuo gimimo tik žindyti 642 naujagimiai, gimę 2019 m. 642 sveikos naujagimių motinos buvo apklaustos telefonu apie žindymo savitumus. Duomenys analizuoti naudojant statistinį duomenų analizės paketą „IBM SPSS Statistics 23“. Rezultatai. Iki 6 mėn. amžiaus buvo žindyti beveik 2/3, o iki metų 59,4 proc. visų kūdikių. Dažniausios žindymo nutraukimo priežastys: asmeninės (26,2 proc.) ir kūdikio atsisakymas krūties (25,2 proc.). Žindymo nutraukimo priežastys iki 3 mėn. amžiaus ir 3–5 mėn. amžiuje dažniausiai buvo nepakankama laktacija, alkanas kūdikis (46,1 proc., 49,3 proc.). Naujagimių, maitintų krūtimi iki 3 mėn. amžiaus, motinos dažniau naudojo socialinius tinklus kaip šaltinį žinioms įgyti nei ilgiau žindžiusios motinos. Motinos, kurios žindė 3–5 mėn., rinkosi specialią literatūrą (14,1 proc.) dažniau nei tos, kurios žindė iki 12 mėn. amžiaus (p<0,05). Dažniausias informacijos šaltinis tarp moterų, kurios žindė 6–11 mėn. (44,6 proc.) ir 12 ir daugiau mėn. (42,2 proc.) buvo asmeninė patirtis. Išvados. Trys ketvirtadaliai NPL gimusių naujagimių buvo žindyti iki 6 mėn. amžiaus bei daugiau nei pusė jų – ≥12 mėn. amžiaus.
Persileidimo patyrimas šeimoje: vyrų patirtys
Authors: Jarašiūnaitė-Fedosejeva Gabija , Širinskaitė Greta , Gustainienė Loreta
Published: December 2021

Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti vyrų patirtis po partnerės patirto persileidimo. Tyrimo metodai. Tyrime dalyvavo aštuoni vyrai nuo 28 iki 41 metų amžiaus, kurių partnerės patyrė persileidimą ne anksčiau nei prieš 3 mėn. ir ne vėliau nei prieš vienerius metus. Duomenys rinkti pasitelkiant pusiau struktūruotą interviu. Analizei naudojamas indukcinės teminės analizės metodas. Rezultatai. Tyrimas parodė, kad vyrams susidūrus su partnerės persileidimu būdingas užsisklendimas, emocijų užgniaužimas bei žmonos palaikytojo vaidmens prisiėmimas, savo emocinius išgyvenimus paliekant nuošalyje. Kaip pirminę reakciją į praradimą vyrai įvardija liūdesio ir pykčio jausmus bei padidėjusį verksmingumą. Praradimo išgyvenimą palengvina dažniausiai partnerės inicijuotas poreikis pasikalbėti ir pasidalyti išgyvenimais, buvimas šalia, dėl to sutvirtėja poros tarpusavio santykiai. Susitaikyti su netektimi vyrams padeda minčių nukreipimas į darbinę veiklą bei ateities planų kūrimas. Pastebima, kad išgyvenimus galėtų palengvinti sveikatos priežiūros specialistų suteikiama emocinė parama bei psichologo pagalba.
Traditions of growing and using of plants in villages and small towns of Ukraine in the 70–80s of the XX century
Authors: Gnatiuk Alla , Mykhailyk Svitlana
Published: December 2021

Aim. The purpose of the article is to describe the traditions of growing and using plants in the villages and small towns and to highlight the range of plants that were most often planted near houses during the 1970s and 80s in Ukraine. Methods. The study was conducted in the villages of Kyiv (Rogoziv), Zhytomyr (Hardyshivka) regions, in the suburbs of Kyiv (Bilychi, Zhulyany) and Borzna (Chernihiv region) by interviewing and eyewitness based accounts. Results. The article covers the list of traditional agricultural, fruit and ornamental plants for rural areas of Ukraine during the 1970s and 80s. The names of cultivars, methods of cultivation, meaning and traditional use of the plants are given. The peculiarities of the range of cultures depending on the studied area are analyzed. Conclusions. As a result of our research, the list of plants species grown in the villages of Ukraine during the 1970s and 80s included 104 species. Ornamental and food plants that were grown and used in the villages of Ukraine during the 1970s and 80s mostly were herbaceous annuals and perennials. A significant portion of them were vegetable fruit and berry plants. Among ornamental plants, medium- and tall plants with bright flowers and (or) strong aroma became more popular and widespread. These were species and cultivars that are easily propagated by seeds and division, do not require careful care and are resistant to diseases and pests.
Taxonomic composition and condition of tree plantations of roadside strips in Kyiv
Authors: Horielov Oleksandr , Horielov Oleksii , Krugliak Ylija , Krasnoshtan Igor , Mykolaiko Valeriy
Published: December 2021

Aim. The analysis of the taxonomic composition and living condition of tree plantations of roadside strips in Kyiv. Methods. Determination of the species composition and viability of trees and shrubs was carried out by route survey on test areas along the routes with different traffic intensity. The plants living condition was established according to the methodology developed by us, which provides an integrated vitality assessment based on a set of morphometric, reproductive and phenological features. Results. It is established that in the conditions of traffic flow of high intensity 23, of moderate 27 and of low 29 species of trees and bushes were found on the test areas. The tree plants of most common genera and species of roadside plantations are identified. The plants living condition analysis showed, that in the conditions of traffic flow of high intensity, plants of moderate and low vitality predominate; while in the conditions of moderate and low traffic intensity, the predominant numbers of plants have high vitality. Conclusions. Analysis of the range of roadside plantations indicates its limited and almost complete absence of conifers. The species composition is not optimal and is not always determined by the degree of resistance to transport pollution specific conditions. The woody plants vitality is largely determined by the traffic intensity and compliance with care technology.
State and prospects of age-old trees in the dendroflora collection of the Botanical Garden of UNFU
Authors: Kendzora Nataliia
Published: December 2021

Aim. The aim of the article is the following: to analyze the historical materials on the creation of the Botanical Garden arboretum; to investigate the age structure of the dendroflora collection; to study the taxonomic composition, biometric indicators, the sanitary condition of the age-old trees, and their significance in cultural phytocoenoses. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the materials of inventory of woody and shrub plants of the arboretum and literary sources related to the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the dendroflora collection. Results. Arboretum of the Botanical Garden of Ukrainian National Forestry University is one of the oldest dendrological collections in Lviv. The collection includes 28 age-old trees. Their age exceeds 100 years, biometric indicators are significant, and sanitary state, both for a specified age and taking into account urbogenic growth conditions, is good or satisfactory. Some age-old trees (black walnut, katsura-tree, American witch-hazel) are the oldest species in the West of Ukraine and have the largest biometric indicators. Conclusions. The arboretum of the Botanical Garden of UNFU is a unique heritage of garden and park art of the XIX century. The historical composition of the dendroflora is partially preserved. Among the age-old trees, there are both autochtonic and introduced species. Trees are in a good sanitary state. They are an integral part of the formed phytocoenosis. As an object of observation, they can be used for further research of potential ecological and biological capabilities of species in an urbogenic environment.
Annual plants in the floral design of the exhibition areas of the National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" of NAS of Ukraine
Authors: Kovalchuk Tetiana , Didenko Inna
Published: December 2021

Aim. The National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is an example of the tandem of nature and human creativity, where a significant place in the formation of landscapes belongs to floral design. It is one of the most colorful architectural and artistic elements of landscaping. The aim is to describe and to define the main features of flower beds of the Dendrological Park “Sofiyivka”, and to describe the range of annual plants used in flower arrangements. Methods. The study was conducted in the dendrological park during 2019-2021. Examples of flower design have been described according to the classification of flower beds by V. V. Pushkar. Latin names of plant species were given according to “The Plant List, 2013”. Results. The analysis of flower design in the dendrological park  “Sofiyivka” using annual plants was carried out. The features of flower beds are clarified by: shape and location, duration of their existence, flowering period, location of plants in the vertical plane and the type of plant combination. Conclusions. Five exhibition areas in “Sofiyivka” park have been defined. They are decorated with 12 flower compositions. This floral design belongs to the landscape and regular type of planning.
Rubber tree and cassava: Biological features, practical use, ethnocultural traditions
Authors: Muratova Elena , Sedelnikova Tamara
Published: December 2021

Aim. To make a review of Hevea and Manihot, two related plant genera that have been used by humans for a long time, to analyze their biological features, to give information on their use, to present the most interesting materials associated with them. Main part. A review of Hevea and Manihot, useful plants in the tropics and subtropics, is carried out. Their characteristics are given, biological features are considered, and data on the places of origin, on the regions where they are cultivated are considered. Information on their use by people is presented: Hevea as a rubber-bearing, cassava as a food product. Special attention is paid to the cytogenetic features of Hevea and Manihot, information about the ancient polyploid origin of these plants. Conclusion. From ancient to the present time, mankind has been using in everyday life many valuable species of subtropical and tropical plants, including Hevea and Manihot, which are an integral part of ethnocultural traditions.
Development of ornamental horticulture for residential areas
Authors: Rudnyk-Ivashchenko Olga , Sсhwartau Victor , Mykhalska Liudmyla
Published: December 2021

Aim. Show the ecological significance of ornamental gardening in human life and identify problems of its effective management. Methods. The methods of dialectical cognition of processes and phenomena, monographic empirical and abstract-logical, are used. Results. The issues of the development of domestic ornamental horticulture and floriculture are discussed. A historical overview of landscaping is provided. The researches of domestic and foreign scientists on the toxic effect of pollutants on plant organisms, on the prooxidant-antioxidant balance, and its shift towards the intensification of lipid cross-oxidation in plant tissues, are analyzed. The relevance of research on air transport of harmful substances of human activity in residential areas and the importance of plants in protecting them and residents from the harmful effects of pollutants are shown. Conclusions. Ornamental gardening, floriculture, and landscaping are a promising way to improve the living conditions of the population and neutralize harmful industrial emissions.
Más Allá del Museo: El Conservador de Arte Contemporáneo en el Sector Privado. Desafíos, Procedimientos y Soluciones
Authors: Amor García Rita L
Published: December 2021

Desde una base puramente academicista, la conservación se encarga del mantenimiento de objetos artísticos e históricos para el disfrute de generaciones presentes y futuras. De forma implícita, esto se relaciona comúnmente con museos e instituciones culturales públicas, así como con el trabajo de conservación que se realiza en tales espacios. No obstante, la conservación no solo trabaja en sectores públicos, ya que el sector privado es una fuente considerable de trabajo para muchos conservadores que emplean sus conocimientos y experiencia en situaciones algo más particulares. A las problemáticas en la conservación del arte contemporáneo respecto a nuevas técnicas, conceptos y materiales, se le añaden eventualidades (daños diversos) que podrían haber sido fácilmente evitados si ciertas pautas hubieran sido marcadas de antemano. De esta manera, el siguiente artículo expone cómo el coleccionismo de arte contemporáneo y la conservación se relacionan actualmente con el objetivo de presentar situaciones experimentadas y plantear soluciones concretas fácilmente aplicables.
Orthographic relatedness and transposed-word effects in the grammatical decision task
Authors: Mirault Jonathan , Leflaëc Charlotte , Grainger Jonathan
Published: December 2021

In two on-line experiments (N = 386) we asked participants to make speeded grammatical decisions to a mixture of syntactically correct sentences and ungrammatical sequences of words. In Experiment 1, the ungrammatical sequences were formed by transposing two inner words in a correct sentence (e.g., the brave daunt the wind / the daunt brave the wind), and we manipulated the orthographic relatedness of the two transposed words (e.g., the brave brace the wind / the brace brave the wind). We found inhibitory effects of orthographic relatedness in decisions to both the correct sentences and the ungrammatical transposed-word sequences. In Experiment 2, we further investigated the impact of orthographic relatedness on transposed-word effects by including control ungrammatical sequences that were matched to the transposed-word sequences. We replicated the inhibitory effects of orthographic relatedness on both grammatical and ungrammatical decisions and found that transposed-word effects were not influenced by this factor. We conclude that orthographic relatedness across adjacent words impacts on processes involved in parallel word identification for sentence comprehension, but not on the association of word identities to positions in a sequence.
Analisis Diagnostik Kelemahan Mahasiswa Teknik Menguasai Materi Fungsi Trasenden Menggunakan Program R
Authors: Munaji Munaji , Suyitno Suyitno
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelemahan-kelemahan mahasiswa teknik dalam menguasai materi fungsi trasenden. Rancangan penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes bentuk obyektif dengan empat pilihan jawaban. Teknik pengambilan sampel berupa teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 34 mahasiswa teknik elektro semester 2. Hasil analisis diagnostik menggunakan GDINA model program R menunjukkan bahwa kelemahan-kelemahan mahasiswa dalam menguasai materi fungsi tersenden yang paling dominan pada sub bab: (1) fungsi logaritma asli yaitu, mahasiswa belum menguasai penggunaan konsep logaritma asli dalam menyelesaikan masalah; (2) invers fungsi dan turunannya yaitu,  mahasiswa belum menguasai bagaimana cara menentukan turunan dari invers fungsi dengan benar; (3) fungsi eksponen umum yaitu, mahasiswa belum menguasai bagaimana cara menentukan turunan dari fungsi eksponen asli dengan metode pendiferensialan implisit; (4) fungsi logaritma dan eksponen umum yaitu, mahasiswa belum menguasai bagaimana cara menggunakan sisfat-sifat fungsi eksponen umum dengan benar. Sub bab fungsi logaritma dan eksponen umum merupakan sub bab yang paling dominan belum dikuasai oleh mahasiswa dibandingkan dengan tiga sub bab lainnya.
TASARIM BECERİ ATÖLYELERİNİN GÖÇMEN ÇOCUKLARIN DİL GELİŞİMİNDEKİ ETKİSİ VE ÖNEMİ: ALMANYA ÖRNEKLERİ
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Zehra
Published: December 2021

Millî Eğitim Bakanlığının 2018 yılında yayımladığı “Mutlu Çocuklar Güçlü Türkiye: 2023 Eğitim Vizyonu” Türk eğitim sistemine yeni bir yol çizmektedir. Buna göre ilkokuldan başlamak üzere tüm öğretim kademelerinde Tasarım Beceri Atölyeleri kurulması hedeflenmektedir. Çocukların bu atölyelerde özellikle el becerilerini kullanarak yeni beceriler edinmesi, ürün tasarlaması ve üretmesi amaçlanmaktır. Tasarım Beceri Atölyeleri ülkemizde yeni olmasına karşın bu yapıların dünyanın farklı yerlerinde uzun süredir var olduğu bilinmektedir. Atölye konusunda öncü ülke olan Almanya, atölyeleri çeşitli projeler kapsamında göçmen çocukların dil gelişimini desteklemek amaçlı kullanmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı Tasarım Beceri Atölyeleri’nin özellikle erken yaştaki göçmen çocukların dil gelişimi üzerindeki etkisi ve önemini Almanya’dan örneklerle ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda Almanya’da yürütülmüş olan iki farklı çalışma tanıtılmıştır. Almanya’daki örnekler Tasarım Beceri Atölyeleri’nde yürütülen müzik ve hareket çalışmalarının göçmen çocukların yalnız Almanca dil bilgisini geliştirmediğini aynı zamanda onların bütünsel gelişimini (bilişsel, duyuşsal, psikomotor) de desteklediğini ortaya koymaktadır.
La caducidad en las leyes provinciales de adhesión a la ley 27.348
Authors: Salas Ana María
Published: December 2021

La ley 27.348 invitó a las provincias y a la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires a adherir a las disposiciones contenida en el Título I de la ley (art. 4) . Esa adhesión importó la obligatoriedad de la intervención de las comisiones médicas jurisdiccionales con carácter previo y excluyente. Por ello los trabajadores deben necesariamente solicitar la definición de esos organismos del carácter profesional de su enfermedad o contingencia, la determinación de su incapacidad y las correspondientes prestaciones dinerarias previstas en la Ley de Riesgos del Trabajo. Algunas provincias al dictar las leyes de adhesión establecieron un plazo de caducidad para acceder a la instancia judicial. El análisis de esa caducidad es lo que se propone realizar en el presente trabajo con el objeto de verificar la compatibilidad del instituto con la Constitución Nacional y tratados internacionales que integran el Bloque de Constitucionalidad Federal (art. 75, inc. 22 de la CN).

Sumario

I.- Nociones preliminares. II.- La caducidad en el Código Civil y Comercial. III.- La caducidad en las leyes provinciales de adhesión a la ley 27.348. IV.- Argumentos que ponen en crisis los plazos de caducidad de las legislaciones provinciales. V.- La conclusión final que genera el tema.
Learning Management System (LMS) Menggunakan Google Classroom Bagi Guru SDK Mardiwiyata 2 Malang
Authors: Fransiskus Xaverius Agung Perkasa Jampur  , Vinno Christmantara
Published: December 2021

SDK Mardiwiyata II Malang yang merupakan salah satu sekolah swasta dalam naungan Yayasan Mardiwiyata memiliki 12 rombongan belajar yang terbagi ke dalam 12 kelas, dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 381 anak, dimana pada masa pandemi ini, pihak sekolah terpaksa melakukan pembelajaran secara daring kepada seluruh siswa tehitung sejak bulan april 2020. Pada pembelajaran bagi pendidikan sekolah dasar yang gagap akan teknologi tersebut pihak sekolah menggunakan platform pembelajaran daring yang beragam seperti edmodo, zoom, google classroom, bahkan melalui grup aplikasi percakapan WhatsApp, yang mana memiliki kesulitan dalam penggunaan platform, juga perbedaan kemampuan guru dalam penguasaan teknologi informasi, dan kebinguan wali murid yang sama-sama kaget menimbulkan permasalahan, maka dari itu kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan dalam rangka menyeragamkan penggunaan platform sebagai learning management system (LMS) bagi sekolah mitra dan sekaligus meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman dan penguasaan Guru terhadap fitur-fitur penting pada Google Classroom. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penyamaan persepsi pengabdi dan mitra, pembuatan modul pelatihan, dan pelaksanaan pelatihan serta pendampingan guru.

Kata kunci: Learning Management System (LMS), Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar, Google Classroom
Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: ÖZŞAHİN Zeliha , ÜNVER Hacer , GÜVEN SANTUR Sinem
Published: December 2021

Aim: It is known that adverse experiences in childhood are associated with various mental and physical illnesses. In some studies, it is stated that it also affects women’s reproductive health. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between childhood adverse experiences and the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome.Material and Method: The research was conducted as a cross-sectional and relationship seeker at a public university on young girls aged between 18 and 25 years. The sample size was calculated to be at least 623 students with 0.05 error level, 80% representation power and 99% confidence interval, and the study was conducted with 754 participants. To collect data; “Personal Introduction Form”, “Childhood Adverse Experiences Scale (ACES)” and “Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSÖ)” were used. In statistical evaluation; arithmetic mean, percentage distribution, standard deviation, linear regression analysis were used. Results: 60.5% of the students had at least one ACE, the average age was 20.68±1.98, 52% studied at the faculty of health sciences, 40.3% studied in the first year, 73.2% had PMS, the average age of menarche was found to be 14.84±28.82. In addition, the mean score of ACES is 1.50±1.75, and the average of PMSÖ is 132.36±36.22. As a result of the linear regression analysis, it has been determined that ACES affects the total and all sub-dimensions of PMSÖ.Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that adverse childhood experiences affect PMS symptoms and PMS symptoms increase as the number of ACES increases.
LÂMİ’Î ÇELEBİ'NİN SALÂMÂN VE ABSÂL MESNEVİSİNİN TASAVVUFİ BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ
Authors: ÜNAL Muhammed Sami
Published: December 2021

XV. yy. sonu ila XVI. yy. başında yaşayan Lâmi’î Çelebi, birçok telif eseri yanında Molla Câmî’den yaptığı çevirileri ile Câmî-i Rum olarak ünlenmiş usta Divan şairlerindendir. İyi bir eğitim gören Lâmi’î Çelebi’nin yaptığı çevirilerden dili bakımından Arapça ve Farsçaya hâkim olduğu, muhtevası bakımından ise tasavvufta engin bilgi ve tecrübeye sahip olduğu açıktır. Emir Buharî adlı tasavvuf bilginine intisabı neticesinde kendisine Bursa’da bir ilim dünyası oluşturan şair, devrin şartlarına göre çok kısa sayılabilecek sürede Herat, Semerkant, Buhara gibi uzak ilim beldelerinden eserler tercüme edebilmiştir. Salâmân ve Absâl adlı mesnevinin Yunan edebiyatı da dâhil çeşitli edebiyat sahalarında farklı isimlerle de olsa yer bulmuş olması, ilginç içeriği ve müelliflerin konuya müdahale edebileceği açık noktalar bırakan simgesel bir tarafının olmasından kaynaklanmıştır. Lâmi’î Çelebi gibi şairler de eserin bu özelliği sayesinde öğretilerini rahatça esere yerleştirebilmiştir. Bu yönü ile şairin ilmî bakışının eserde yoğun olacağını düşündüğümüzden çalışmamızda şairin telif-tercüme olarak kabul edilebilecek Salâmân ve Absâl adlı mesnevisi tasavvufi öğretileri bakımından ele alınarak şairin yaşadığı çağın yaptığı tercümelere etkisi de işlenmiştir.
Thermal Phase Curves of XO-3b: An Eccentric Hot Jupiter at the Deuterium Burning Limit
Authors: Dang Lisa , Bell Taylor J. , Cowan Nicolas B. , Thorngren Daniel , Kataria Tiffany , Knutson Heather A. , Lewis Nikole K. , Stassun Keivan G. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Agol Eric , Laughlin Gregory P. , Burrows Adam , Collins Karen A. , Deming Drake , Jovmir Diana , Langton Jonathan , Rastegar Sara , Showman Adam P.
Published: December 2021

We report Spitzer full-orbit phase observations of the eccentric hot Jupiter XO-3b at 3.6 and 4.5 μm. Our new eclipse depth measurements of 1770 ± 180 ppm at 3.6 μm and 1610 ± 70 ppm at 4.5 μm show no evidence of the previously reported dayside temperature inversion. We also empirically derive the mass and radius of XO-3b and its host star using Gaia DR3's parallax measurement and find a planetary mass M

p
= 11.79 ± 0.98 M
Jup and radius R

p
= 1.295 ± 0.066 R
Jup. We compare our Spitzer observations with multiple atmospheric models to constrain the radiative and advective properties of XO-3b. While the decorrelated 4.5 μm observations are pristine, the 3.6 μm phase curve remains polluted with detector systematics due to larger amplitude intrapixel sensitivity variations in this channel. We focus our analysis on the more reliable 4.5 μm phase curve and fit an energy balance model with solid body rotation to estimate the zonal wind speed and the pressure of the bottom of the mixed layer. Our energy balance model fit suggests an eastward equatorial wind speed of

3.13

−
0.83

+
0.26

km s−1, an atmospheric mixed layer down to

2.40

−
0.16

+
0.92

bars, and a Bond albedo of

0.106

−
0.106

+
0.008

. We assume that the wind speed and mixed layer depth are constant throughout the orbit. We compare our observations with 1D planet-averaged model predictions at apoapse and periapse and 3D general circulation model predictions for XO-3b. We also investigate the inflated radius of XO-3b and find that it would require an unusually large amount of internal heating to explain the observed planetary radius.
Apparent Motion of the Circumstellar Envelope of CQ Tau in Scattered Light
Authors: Safonov Boris S. , Strakhov Ivan A. , Goliguzova Maria V. , Voziakova Olga V.
Published: December 2021

The study of spiral structures in protoplanetary disks is of great importance for understanding the processes in the disks, including planet formation. Bright spiral arms were detected in the disk of young star CQ Tau by Uyama et al. in the H and L bands. The spiral arms are located inside the gap in millimeter-sized dust, discovered earlier using Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations. To explain the gap, Ubeira Gabellini et al. proposed the existence of a planet with the semimajor axis of 20 au. We obtained multi-epoch observations of a spiral feature in the circumstellar envelope of CQ Tau in the I

c
band using a novel technique of differential speckle polarimetry. The observations covering a period from 2015 to 2021 allow us to estimate the pattern speed of the spiral: −0.°2 ± 1.°1 yr−1 (68% credible interval; positive value indicates counterclockwise rotation), assuming a face-on orientation of the disk. This speed is significantly smaller than expected for a companion-induced spiral, if the perturbing body has a semimajor axis of 20 au. We emphasize that the morphology of the spiral structure is likely to be strongly affected by shadows of a misaligned inner disk detected by Eisner et al.
Perpendicular Diffusion of Energetic Particles: A Complete Analytical Theory
Authors: Shalchi A.
Published: December 2021

Over the past two decades scientists have significantly improved our understanding of the transport of energetic particles across a mean magnetic field. Due to test-particle simulations, as well as powerful nonlinear analytical tools, our understanding of this type of transport is almost complete. However, previously developed nonlinear analytical theories do not always agree perfectly with simulations. Therefore, a correction factor a
2 was incorporated into such theories with the aim to balance out inaccuracies. In this paper a new analytical theory for perpendicular transport is presented. This theory contains the previously developed unified nonlinear transport theory, the most advanced theory to date, in the limit of small Kubo number turbulence. New results have been obtained for two-dimensional turbulence. In this case, the new theory describes perpendicular diffusion as a process that is sub-diffusive while particles follow magnetic field lines. Diffusion is restored as soon as the turbulence transverse complexity becomes important. For long parallel mean-free paths, one finds that the perpendicular diffusion coefficient is a reduced field line random walk limit. For short parallel mean-free paths, on the other hand, one gets a hybrid diffusion coefficient that is a mixture of collisionless Rechester & Rosenbluth and fluid limits. Overall, the new analytical theory developed in the current paper is in agreement with heuristic arguments. Furthermore, the new theory agrees almost perfectly with previously performed test-particle simulations without the need of the aforementioned correction factor a
2 or any other free parameter.
Equation-of-state Dependence of Gravitational Waves in Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Eggenberger Andersen Oliver , Zha Shuai , da Silva Schneider André , Betranhandy Aurore , Couch Sean M. , O’Connor Evan P.
Published: December 2021

Gravitational waves (GWs) provide unobscured insight into the birthplace of neutron stars and black holes in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). The nuclear equation of state (EOS) describing these dense environments is yet uncertain, and variations in its prescription affect the proto−neutron star (PNS) and the post-bounce dynamics in CCSN simulations, subsequently impacting the GW emission. We perform axisymmetric simulations of CCSNe with Skyrme-type EOSs to study how the GW signal and PNS convection zone are impacted by two experimentally accessible EOS parameters, (1) the effective mass of nucleons, m
⋆, which is crucial in setting the thermal dependence of the EOS, and (2) the isoscalar incompressibility modulus, K
sat. While K
sat shows little impact, the peak frequency of the GWs has a strong effective mass dependence due to faster contraction of the PNS for higher values of m
⋆ owing to a decreased thermal pressure. These more compact PNSs also exhibit more neutrino heating, which drives earlier explosions and correlates with the GW amplitude via accretion plumes striking the PNS, exciting the oscillations. We investigate the spatial origin of the GWs and show the agreement between a frequency-radial distribution of the GW emission and a perturbation analysis. We do not rule out overshoot from below via PNS convection as another moderately strong excitation mechanism in our simulations. We also study the combined effect of effective mass and rotation. In all our simulations we find evidence for a power gap near ∼1250 Hz; we investigate its origin and report its EOS dependence.
Molecular Distributions of the Disk/Envelope System of L483: Principal Component Analysis for the Image Cube Data
Authors: Okoda Yuki , Oya Yoko , Abe Shotaro , Komaki Ayano , Watanabe Yoshimasa , Yamamoto Satoshi
Published: December 2021

Unbiased understanding of molecular distributions in a disk/envelope system of a low-mass protostellar source is crucial for investigating physical and chemical evolution processes. We have observed 23 molecular lines toward the Class 0 protostellar source L483 with ALMA and have performed principal component analysis (PCA) for their cube data (PCA-3D) to characterize their distributions and velocity structures in the vicinity of the protostar. The sum of the contributions of the first three components is 63.1%. Most oxygen-bearing complex organic molecule lines have a large correlation with the first principal component (PC1), representing the overall structure of the disk/envelope system around the protostar. Contrary, the C18O and SiO emissions show small and negative correlations with PC1. The NH2CHO lines stand out conspicuously at the second principal component (PC2), revealing more compact distribution. The HNCO lines and the high-excitation line of CH3OH have a similar trend for PC2 to NH2CHO. On the other hand, C18O is well correlated with the third principal component (PC3). Thus, PCA-3D enables us to elucidate the similarities and the differences of the distributions and the velocity structures among molecular lines simultaneously, so that the chemical differentiation between the oxygen-bearing complex organic molecules and the nitrogen-bearing ones is revealed in this source. We have also conducted PCA for the moment 0 maps (PCA-2D) and that for the spectral line profiles (PCA-1D). While they can extract part of characteristics of the molecular line data, PCA-3D is essential for comprehensive understandings. Characteristic features of the molecular line distributions are discussed on NH2CHO.
Geometry of Magnetic Fluctuations near the Sun from the Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Bandyopadhyay R. , McComas D. J.
Published: December 2021

Solar wind magnetic fluctuations exhibit anisotropy due to the presence of a mean magnetic field in the form of the Parker spiral. Close to the Sun, direct measurements were not available until the recently launched Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission. The nature of the anisotropy and geometry of the magnetic fluctuations play a fundamental role in dissipation processes and in the transport of energetic particles in space. Using PSP data, we present measurements of the geometry and anisotropy of the inner heliosphere magnetic fluctuations, from fluid to kinetic scales. The results are surprising and different from 1 au observations. We find that fluctuations evolve characteristically with size scale. However, unlike 1 au solar wind, at the outer scale, the fluctuations are dominated by wavevectors quasi-parallel to the local magnetic field. In the inertial range, average wavevectors become less field aligned, but still remain more field aligned than near-Earth solar wind. In the dissipation range, the wavevectors become almost perpendicular to the local magnetic field in the dissipation range, to a much higher degree than those indicated by 1 au observations. We propose that this reduced degree of anisotropy in the outer scale and inertial range is due to the nature of large-scale forcing outside the solar corona.
IBEX Ribbon Separation Using Spherical Harmonic Decomposition of the Globally Distributed Flux
Authors: Swaczyna P. , Eddy T. J. , Zirnstein E. J. , Dayeh M. A. , McComas D. J. , Funsten H. O. , Schwadron N. A.
Published: December 2021

Remote imaging of plasmas in the heliosphere and very local interstellar medium is possible with energetic neutral atoms (ENAs), created through the charge exchange of protons with interstellar neutral atoms. ENA observations collected by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) revealed two distinctive sources. One source is the globally distributed flux (GDF), which extends over the entire sky and varies over large spatial scales. The other source encompasses only a narrow circular band in the sky and is called the IBEX ribbon. Here, we utilize the observed difference in spatial scales of these two ENA sources to separate them. We find that linear combinations of spherical harmonics up to degree

ℓ

max

=
3

can reproduce most of the ENA fluxes observed outside the ribbon region. We use these combinations to model the GDF and the difference between the observed fluxes and the GDF yields estimation of the ribbon emission. The separated ribbon responds with a longer time delay to the solar wind changes than the GDF, suggesting a more distant source of the ribbon ENAs. Moreover, we locate the direction of the maximum plasma pressure based on the GDF. This direction is 17°.2 ± 0°.5 away from the upwind direction within the plane containing the interstellar flow and interstellar magnetic field vectors. This deflection is consistent with the expected position of the maximum external pressure at the heliopause. The maps with separated ribbon and GDF are posted concurrently with this paper and can be used to further study these two sources.
A framework for improving understanding of volunteers' motivations to monitor and control invasive alien species
Authors: Anđelković Ana , Lawson Handley Lori , Marchante Elizabete , Adriaens Tim , Brown Peter , Tricarico Elena , Verbrugge Laura
Published: December 2021

Citizens make an important contribution to the study and management of biological invasions, as many monitoring and control projects rely heavily on volunteer assistance. Understanding the reasons why people participate in such projects is critical for successful recruitment and retention of volunteers. While research attention for this topic is growing, it is published in journals from different disciplines. We used a meta-synthesis approach to extract, analyze and synthesize the available information from 28 selected studies investigating motivations of volunteers to engage in monitoring and control of invasive alien species (IAS). Our findings show how motivations fit three broad themes, reflecting environmental concerns, social motivations, and personal reasons. An important outcome of this study is the description of motivations that are unique to the IAS context: supporting IAS management, protecting native species and habitats, and livelihood/food/income protection or opportunities. In addition, our study reflects on important methodological choices for investigating volunteer motivations as well as ethical issues that may arise in practice. We conclude with a set of recommendations for project design and future research on volunteer motivations in IAS contexts, emphasizing the importance of collaboration with social scientists.
Winter War, Anti-Communism and the volunteers from abroad, 1939-1940
Authors: Karvinen Kristo
Published: December 2021

The 1939 invasion of Finland by the Soviet Union attracted more than just journalists to the frigid north. Thousands of volunteers around the world rallied under the Finnish flag, willing to risk their lives for a foreign country. Over ten thousand arrived before the end of the war,
with more on their way, coming from Hungary and Estonia, Canada and the USA, Sweden and the UK. Were they all ardent anticommunists or did they have other motives? This article seeks to answer that question, utilising Finnish and British archives as well as contemporary research into war volunteering.
The origins and motives of the volunteers are examined, revealing that their motives ran a wide gamut, including such reasons as anti-communism, linguistic fraternity and spirit of adventure, to name a few.
Evading obscure communication from spam emails
Authors: Rafat Khan Farhan ,   Department of Cyber Security, Faculty of Computing and AI, Air University, PAF Complex, E-9, Islamabad, Pakistan, Xin Qin , Javed Abdul Rehman , Jalil Zunera , Ahmad Rana Zeeshan ,   Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Faroe Islands, Vestarabryggja 15, FO 100, Torshavn, Faroe Islands,   Department of Information Technology, University of Sialkot, Pakistan
Published: December 2021

Spam is any form of annoying and unsought digital communication sent in bulk and may contain offensive content feasting viruses and cyber-attacks. The voluminous increase in spam has necessitated developing more reliable and vigorous artificial intelligence-based anti-spam filters. Besides text, an email sometimes contains multimedia content such as audio, video, and images. However, text-centric email spam filtering employing text classification techniques remains today's preferred choice. In this paper, we show that text pre-processing techniques nullify the detection of malicious contents in an obscure communication framework. We use Spamassassin corpus with and without text pre-processing and examined it using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms to classify these as ham or spam emails. The proposed DL-based approach consistently outperforms ML models. In the first stage, using pre-processing techniques, the long-short-term memory (LSTM) model achieves the highest results of 93.46% precision, 96.81% recall, and 95% F1-score. In the second stage, without using pre-processing techniques, LSTM achieves the best results of 95.26% precision, 97.18% recall, and 96% F1-score. Results show the supremacy of DL algorithms over the standard ones in filtering spam. However, the effects are unsatisfactory for detecting encrypted communication for both forms of ML algorithms.
Understanding Green Human Resources in Healthcare
Authors: Duncan Terrence , Rahim Emad , Burrell Darrell Norman , Hurd Brian
Published: December 2021

Human resource management plays an integral role in developing capital for the triple bottom line. In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, human resources now shift their focus to advancing communication and connectivity versus focusing purely on technological advances. As the Fourth Industrial Revolution continues, communicating the effectiveness of human resource management and human capital development should be considered as an essential area of interest. As healthcare practitioners continue to provide treatment and care for those in need, human resource managers need to learn green practices to create a more sustainable environment that contributes socially and economically while adhering to the demands of the international stakeholders. As healthcare continues to be either one of the most significant expenditures or needs for numerous countries, consideration in this field provides potential holistic benefits for stakeholders.
Trends and Issues in Strategic Human Resources Management
Authors: Pius Abraham , Alharahsheh Husam Helmi , Sanyang Saikou
Published: December 2021

The key function of human resources will continue to play a key role in the process of firms' future planning. The chapter has highlighted, discussed, and explored key activities at the strategic levels of human resource management and planning including introductory comments and definitions of current understanding of HRM, the flexible firm, HRM planning and its benefits, HRM planning at the strategic levels, the role of individuals within their wider teams and organisations, and the development of technological advancement and its reflection in the planning process for HRM leading to further embedding of virtual aspects and activities. Furthermore, the chapter also included current practices of outsourcing and different key stages of workforce planning. The chapter aimed to enhance application by providing several practical discussions and case studies reflecting current trends in HRM at a strategic level.
Human Resource Information System Adoption and Implementation Factors
Authors: Srivastava Sonalee , Bajaj Badri , Dev Santosh
Published: December 2021

In the modern era, human resource management is accompanied by the information system which is instrumental in managing human resource processes. In the current competitive and challenging environment, organizational success depends on its effective and efficient human resource. Human resource along with IT professionals can create an environment in an organization for successful adoption of human resource information systems. While considering it as a key factor in modern enterprise management, its burgeoning interest has led to the foundation of this article. The study is to delve deep into the literature and to explore the factors responsible for human resource information system adoption and to identify the barriers in its implementation and to provide suggestions to overcome these barriers. The findings reveal that the factors of human resource information system mentioned in literature are important. These factors should be taken into consideration while adopting Human Resource Information System by integrating Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework with Human-Organization-Technology (HOT) framework.
Key HRM Challenges and Benefits
Authors: Mendy John
Published: December 2021

Whilst HRM is responding to organizational challenges, HRM tutors have to deal with avoiding labour imposition and ensuring that their students are well prepared for society. The chapter's findings involve linkages between people, HR systems and the workplace in an HR Scaffolding that is argued to contribute to resolving the challenges caused by ‘the black box' of organizational performance. Four steps of research extrapolate lessons to be learnt.
Legal Framework on the Implementation of the Human Resource Management Reforms in the Philippines After the Marcos Era Up to the Duterte Administration
Authors: Aquino, Jr. Perfecto G. , Jalagat Jr. Revenio Cabanilla , Justin Mercia Selvia Malar
Published: December 2021

This study is aimed at filling the gap and will discuss the overview of both the legal reform processes happening in the public sector of the Philippine government and of recent developments and challenges initiated by the Civil Service Commission of the Philippine government as its Central Personnel Agency. This chapter will cover the years commencing 1986 up to the present dispensation of the Duterte administration where the primary goal is to study and suggest the approaches to reforming the Civil Service system and its decision-making process. It also outlines the discourses on the reform of public service among educators and public officials in the Philippines. Then, it elaborates on the laws and institutional measures introduced for an effective public personnel administration system in the country. A documentary analysis on the successful practices of public personnel administration will be used to evolve on the possible steps/strategies to further enhance the delivery of personnel services of the government sector workforce in the Philippines.
Transformational Human Resource Management
Authors: Hasan Ikramul , Islam MD. Nazmul , Chowdhury Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous
Published: December 2021

Human Resource Management plays an essential role for attaining organizational goals. Nowadays, practitioners, researchers, and academicians around the world are emphasizing to transform and reshape the practice of human resource. However, very few research works have been done in the area of Transformational Human Resource Management (T-HRM). Hence, the aim of this chapter is to propose an integrated framework of T-HRM and organizational efficiency. In light of that, this study has proposed potential factors of the T-HRM. Secondly, this study presented positive effect of the factors of T-HRM on organizational efficiency management. Concept of knowledge management has introduced as a potential mediator, and ICT and organizational alignment has presented as a potential moderator of this study. Finally, knowledge of this study will provide better insights on T-HRM for ensuring organizational efficiency.
Greening the Compensation Design and Management of the Human Resource Function
Authors: Fapohunda Tinuke
Published: December 2021

There is a rising necessity for the incorporation of environmental management into human resource management (HRM) practices. This attempt is recognized as the Green HRM initiative. An organization's human resource function can be powerful in aiding an all-inclusive approach to building a culture of sustainability. The strategy entails executing transformations to the diverse functions of HR like determining employee compensation. Gaps continue to exist in the literature on the green aspects of compensation and reward systems. This chapter considers the environmental management features of the compensation and reward system and factors a mould of the procedures entailed in green compensation and reward system. it cores on examining green reward management systems practices from the standpoint of subsisting research in the area and proposes inventive process moulds in green reward management systems. The green reward management system is presented as a smart and superior method of reward management systems.
Utilizing Technology to Enhance Human Resource Practices
Authors: Torres Kelly M. , Statti Aubrey
Published: December 2021

HR management departments are constantly evolving as a result of new technological advancements. For family HR firms, this technological evolution is vital in ensuring that they remain innovative and current with their competitors. Technology has impacted how companies recruit, retain, and evaluate employees. However, in order to ensure that technology is effectively and accurately adopted and integrated, companies need to understand how they can employ technology to enhance their daily operations and implement tools that provide an adequate return on investment for the technology they select. In family firms, a vast majority of employees are able to ensure that funds are invested in appropriate technology-enhanced projects and that they develop a family-like culture with their stakeholders. This chapter will seek to explore these emerging trends in order to present opportunity for family owned firms to function most efficiently and effectively in the modern, technology enhanced workplace.