bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Pandemic and the South African Podiatrist
Authors: Zipfel Bernhard , Dembskey Nadia
Published: September 2020

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is clearly taking a firmer grip on South Africa and more podiatrists will face the potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Government response was swift with the implementation of a travel ban, strict national lockdown as well as social distancing and hygiene protocols in line with international health regulations. Co-morbidities such as tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, endemic to South Africa, are considered a dangerous combination with COVID-19, making many South Africans vulnerable to contracting the COVID-19. Patients with diabetes as well as the aged are vulnerable, both in terms of potential combined complications and challenges in continuity in foot care. The demands of the pandemic may outstrip the ability of the health systems to cope. Should this time arrive, all healthcare practitioners, including podiatrists, would have to step in and take on a role beyond their scope of practice in order to ensure that the healthcare system does not get overwhelmed. It is important for podiatrists to keep abreast with the developments around the COVID-19, in order that they may institute appropriate clinical practice which will ensure maximum protection for themselves, staff and patients as well as providing quality foot health care.
A log-Dagum Weibull Distribution: Properties and Characterization
Authors: Khadim Aneeqa , Saghir Aamir , Hussain Tassaddaq
Published: September 2020

Developments of new probability models for data analysis are keen interest of importance for all fields. The log-Dagum distribution has a prominent role in the theory and practice of statistics. In this article, a new family of continuous distributions generated from a log Dagum random variable called the log-Dagum Weibull distribution is proposed. The key properties of the proposed distribution are derived. Its density function can be symmetrical, left-skewed, right-skewed and reversed-J shaped and can have increasing, decreasing, bathtub hazard rates shaped. The model parameters are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood and illustrate its importance by means of applications to real data sets.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Sustainability Practices: A Comparative Automated Content Analysis Approach of Theory and Practice
Authors: Roblek Vasja , Thorpe Oshane , Meško Maja , Bach Mirjana Pejic , Jerman Andrej
Published: September 2020

Background (1) In the time of the 4th Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0, a conglomerate of technical and social inventions, political contexts, socio-cultural circumstances, environmental policies, business models, and economic policies has emerged. Sustainability policy in theory and practice aims to deal with the effects of all these factors and to try to make decisions that ensure both social and economic development sustainably. The question is how to familiarize oneself with the current knowledge about the relationship between Industry 4.0 and sustainability?; (2) Methods: This research utilizes an automated content analysis method to analyses scientific journals, newspapers and magazines. The comparison of results of both research group shows that the scientific literature focuses more on changes in business models, production processes and technologies that enable sustainable development; (3) We found that the scientific literature focuses more on changes in business models, production processes and technologies that enable sustainable development. Newspapers and magazines articles write more about sustainable or green investment, sustainable standards and sustainable reporting. Newspapers and magazines articles write more about sustainable or green investment, sustainable standards and sustainable reporting. Newspapers, as well as some latest research journals, include articles of the COVID-19 outbreak and its effect on the economy and the environment. Indeed, the outbreak of the virus brings a new thought to the reorganization of the complex relationships between consumers, businesses and the state; (4) Conclusions: According to the comparison of the analyses of the results, it can is that the analyses of both types of literature, both scientific and professional, shows that there are common topics they write about, which are related to the field of clean production, emissions, renewable energy, climate change, sustainable investments and corporate sustainability. An urgent global issue that extends all over the world is the promotion of energy-saving technologies and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.
Preparation and Tribological Behaviours of Lubrication Enhanced PEEK Composites
Authors: Yan Yutao , Jiang Cheng , Huo Yuqiu , Li Chaofeng
Published: September 2020

Poly-ether-ether ketone (PEEK) is a great potential thermoplastic in industry and medical treatment and health. In this work, the PEEK/GO and PEEK/MoS2 composites were prepared by a novel hot isostatic pressing method. The addition of GO alters the tribological behaviours mechanism, fatigue wear mechanism is predominant to PEEK/GO composites. However, the combination of abrasive and adhesive wear mechanisms is observed for PEEK/MoS2 composites and PEEK. The reason is the hardness and tensile strength of composites are increased with the appropriate addition of GO. The response time to stable friction state of PEEK/GO and PEEK/MoS2 composites reduces in compared with PEEK, which conduce to shorten running-in time, reduce energy consumption and improve the tribological performances of composites. The addition of GO and MoS2 can effectively decrease the friction coefficient and wear rate, and the optimal content of GO and MoS2 was 0.7 wt.% and 15 wt.%, respectively. The results indicate that PEEK/GO and PEEK/MoS2 are impressive composites that possess super tribological properties.
Analisis Sintaksis Kāna wa-Akhawātuhā dalam Kitab al-‘Arabīyah li-al-Nāshi’īn
Authors: Hanik Ummi , Amrulloh Muhammad Afif
Published: September 2020

This study aims to find out the forms of ism kāna and khabar kāna wa-akhwātuhā. This research is qualitative with a type of library research. Data collection techniques are using the documentation method, while data analysis techniques are using content analysis. The results of this study prove that in al-‘Arabīyah li-al-Nāshi’īn book, volume 4, there are 161 types of ism kāna, while khabar kāna totaling 84 are analyzed based on (1) The i‘rāb aspect and its form there are 38 ism kāna in the form of ism mabnī consisting of 28 ḍamīr mustatir jawāzān, 7 ḍamīr bāriz which are composed of ḍamīr muṭṭaṣil and 3 ism al-ishārah. Likewise, 46 ism kāna in the form of ism mu‘rab; 41 ism mufrad, 3 jam‘ al-taksīr, 1 ism tahnīyah and 1 asmā’ al-khamsah. As for the aspects of its type, there are 77 ism kāna in the form of mudhakkar and mu’annath, 63 consisting of mudhakkar and 14 consisting of mu’annath. (2) 84 khabar kāna consists of 38 khabar mufrad in the form of ism jāmid and ism mushtaq, 33 khabar in the form of fi‘l mudhari‘ and 13 khabar shibh al-jumlah in the form of jār majrūr. This study contributes to the development of studyng Arabic grammar which can be applied in the use of Arabic as in the book.
al-Lughah al-‘Arabīyah wa-Jamālīyāt al-Īqā‘
Authors: Mohammad Ali Ibnian  , Mohammed Ali Reda Mallah
Published: September 2020

The relationship between Arabic language and the musical rhythm is very strong, the language is an art pot of different colors and forms, the rhythm is closely related by the sense and the pronunciation, and it is the strength of poetry and the Base of systems. Singing has not found a place since the pre-Islamic era until the poetry emerged which was truly the Dīwān of Arabs. The art of singing has become more prevalent than other musical Arts in the Arab world. The songs were the first musical expressive tools that added to the melody of poetry more attractive and fun elements. So the study came to show the relationship between music and Arabic language in terms of structures, rules and construction, which are what they share together. The study also concerned about the importance of rhythm in the linguistic music structure.
Strategi Group Investigation dalam Pembelajaran Mahārat al-Qirā’ah pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Arab, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang
Authors: Amalia H. Islamiyah  , Muassomah
Published: September 2020

In learning reading skills (mahārat al-qirā’ah), especially Arabic texts, students are required to be able to reach existing indicators, which are at the level of critical reading. One effort to foster a critical attitude is to implement a group investigation strategy in the learning process. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to see how far the effectiveness of applying the group investigation strategy in learning mahārat al-qirā’ah 2 to the students of Arabic Language and Literature Department, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim. The results of this study prove that the application of the group investigation strategy applied in learning mahārat al-qirā’ah 2 can make students active and critical in analyzing discourse. The obstacle is the lack of student commitment to time so that the learning seems rushed. The solution, students are accustomed to reading Arabic texts so that they are familiar with new mufradāt (vocabulary), and commitment to the time given by lecturers so that learning is more effective and efficient.
Hand Roundtable: Finger Infections
Authors: Cloutier Dagan , Gocke Tom , Harris Michael , McDonough Natanya
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the JOPA roundtable discussion is to give orthopaedic physician assistants (PAs) insights on how each participating editorial board member treats certain clinical scenarios in their current practice. For this roundtable discussion, editorial board members with expertise in hand and upper extremity will discuss the management of finger infections. Participants will share their knowledge and experience on the topic. The roundtable discussion will start with 2 brief cases of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis to highlight the wide range of presenting symptoms and treatment options associated with finger infections.
Evaluation and Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement and Hip Dysplasia in the Young Adult Population
Authors: Grimm Kelsey , Westermann Robert , Willey Michael , Paulson Amanda , Day Molly
Published: September 2020

Femoroacetabular impingement and hip dysplasia are surgical hip conditions in the young adult population. Thorough physical examination and radiographic evaluation are important in the diagnosis of these conditions. Radiographic measurements include lateral center edge angle to assess acetabular coverage and alpha angle to quantify cam morphology in impingement. Intra-articular injections and physical therapy are key components of nonoperative management. Surgical interventions include hip arthroscopy and periacetabular osteotomy and have demonstrated good outcomes for reduction of pain and improved function. However, hip preserving procedures should have a limited role in the setting of osteoarthritis.
Iliaca Fascia Blocks for Pre-op Pain Management in Hip Fractures
Authors: Kieb Steven C.
Published: September 2020

Hip and proximal femur fractures are becoming increasingly common, especially as our population ages. Patients who have suffered a hip or proximal femur fracture can expect to experience pain. Each patient's level of pain is unique but has historically been managed with opioids. There has been much attention paid lately to the opioid crisis and the need to reduce consumption. Most patients at risk for hip and proximal femur fracture are the elderly. With this population, the need to prevent delirium is imperative. Delirium in this population will increase the length of stay and add to increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this review article is to show the benefits of using iliaca fascia blocks at first presentation and also that the iliaca fascia block can be performed by any number of stakeholders involved in the care of hip fracture patients.
An Observational Study of the “Unhappy Triad” in Female Athletes
Authors: Sakryd Gary , Martindale Mark
Published: September 2020

The “unhappy triad” (anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and medial meniscal tears) injury pattern in knee trauma, as originally described by O'Donoghue in 1950, has been taught in physician assistant and athletic training curriculum for decades. Our study suggests that female athletes sustain a different injury pattern, regarding knee trauma, that differs from the classic “unhappy triad” pattern.
Investigation of Virulence Genes and Biofilm Formation Among Legionella Pneumophila Isolated from Hospital Water Sources
Authors: mirkalantari shiva , Hayatimehr Sara , Amirmozafari Noor , Masjedian Faramarz
Published: September 2020

Background: Legionella pneumophila as a ubiquitous bacterium is inherently resistant to chlorine in tap water. It can easily enter water piping systems and get transmitted to immunocompromised populations and cause severe pneumonia. Owing to the fact that its presence in water sources doesn’t necessarily lead to onset of disease; therefore, several factors such as inhaled bacteria dose, virulence factors and diversity of serogroups can be considered as contributing factors. The main aim of current project was to investigate the contamination rate of hospital water systems with Legionella by culture and evaluate presence of major virulence factor genes as well as the ability to form biofilms among the Legionella isolates. Results: Twelve (12%) of the 100 water samples produced positive results in culture method. Additional confirmation was performed by PCR method with specific primers for Legionella genus (16SrRNA) and pneumophila species (mip). Fifty (5%) samples of 12 with positive culture have a colony forming unit higher than 1000cfu/100 ml. Legionella were isolated with a rate of 8%, 3% and 1% from shower heads, oxygen humidifier bottle and water bath, respectively. PCR assay for the virulence genes showed that all 12 (100%) isolates were positive for mip genes, 9 (75%) were positive for dot gene, 8 (66.66%) were positive for hsp, 6(50%) were positive for lvh and 4(33.33%) for rtx. Two of the isolates displayed higher ability to form biofilm in reference to the standard strain.Conclusion: Although the presence of Legionella pneumophila in hospital environment does not necessarily confer a threat to public health; continuous monitoring of water sources should be conducted in order to avoid elevated concentration of this bacterium and visible biofilm formation.
Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 and Efforts to Prevent Community Transmission: The Sri Lankan Experience
Authors: Kariyawasam Manjula , Wickramasinghe Sashimali , Ginige Samitha , Samaraweera Sudath , Palihawadana Paba , Ruwanpathirana Thilanga , Jayasinghe Chintha , Munasingha Hathshya , Perera Alinda , Haputhanthri Thiraj , Gamage Deepa
Published: September 2020

Background – With the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, the government of Sri Lanka took proactive measures to prevent a community outbreak in the country. This paper describes the measures taken by the government in the initial stages to contain the virus, along with the epidemiological characteristics of the first 200 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients.Methods – Telephone interviews were conducted for first 200 consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID-19, after obtaining informed verbal consent. Descriptive data are presented as binary variables and in frequency distribution tables.Results- From the diagnosis of the first patient, 76 days elapsed for the first 200 patients to be diagnosed. Majority were males in the 40-49 age group. There were three foreign nationals, while others were Sri Lankans. Among the Sri Lankans, 81 (41.1%) had an overseas travel history. Following implementation of the cohort quarantine concept, 47% of the overseas returnees were reported from quarantine centres. Over two-thirds of the patients presented with symptoms (n=137, 68.5%) and the most common symptoms were fever, cough and sore throat. The case fatality rate for the sample was 3.5%. out of the 200 patients, 103 (51.5%) were primary patients, while 92 (46%) were secondary patients. The source of exposure could not be determined for five patients. Conclusions – Due to measures instigated by the government, such as cohort quarantining, extensive contact tracing and testing of close contacts, Sri Lanka was able to prevent a wide spread community outbreak of COVID-19.
The Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Presymptomatic COVID-19 Patients: How We Can be One Step Ahead in Mitigating a Deadly Pandemic
Authors: Tan Juen Kiem , Leong Dalleen , Munusamy Hemalatha , Ariffin Nor Hazwani Zenol , Kori Najma , Hod Rozita , Periyasamy Petrick
Published: September 2020

Presymptomatic COVID-19 patients have been identified as a major stumbling block in efforts to break the chain of transmission. Studies on temporal dynamics of its shedding suggests it peaks 1-2 days prior to any symptom onset. Therefore, a large proportion of patients are actively spreading the disease unknowingly whilst undetected. However, lengthy lockdowns and isolation leads to a host of socioeconomic issues and are impractical. Conversely, there exists no study describing this group and their clinical significance despite their key role in disease transmission. As a result, we devised a study to look at the prevalence of presymptomatic patients with COVID-19 and subsequently, identify early indicators of infection through demographic information, biochemical and radiological abnormalities which would allow early diagnosis and isolation. In addition, we will look into the clinical significance of this group and their outcome; if it differs from asymptomatic or symptomatic patients. Our analysis shows a higher proportion of presymptomatic patients with atypical symptoms like chest pain while symptomatic patients commonly present with respiratory symptoms like cough and shortness of breath. Besides that, there were more females presenting as presymptomatic patients and receiving treatment compared to males and this was found to be statistically significant. Otherwise, we were not able to identify other statistically significant markers suggesting a patient is presymptomatic. As we have little means of identifying these silent spreaders, it highlights further the importance of general measures implemented to stop COVID-19 transmission like social distancing, face mask, and widespread testing.
Characteristics of Viral Pneumonia in Immunocompromised and Immunocompetent Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Lijuan , Hsu Steven H. , Wang Chunlei , Li Binbin , Sun Lingxiao , Shi Jinying , Ren Yali , Wang Jinxiang , Zhang Xiaoqi , Liu Jiangbo
Published: September 2020

Background: Viral pneumonia has a high incidence and mortality and often presents with bacterial or fungal infections. However, only a few studies have examined viral infection in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we compared the clinical and etiologic characteristics of viral pneumonia in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.Methods: We retrospectively recruited patients hospitalized with viral pneumonia from 6 academic hospitals in China between August 2016 and December 2019. We measured the prevalence of comorbidities, coinfections, nosocomial infections, and in-hospital mortalities.Results: Of the 806 patients, 370 were immunocompromised and 436 were immunocompetent. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was most common (58.1%) in immunocompromised patients, followed by influenza A virus (IFV-A, 21.4%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 19.2%), and parainfluenza virus (PIV, 7.3%). IFV-A (46.1%) was the most common in immunocompetent patients, followed by RSV (20.6%), adenovirus (AdV, 10.6%), PIV (10.1%), and rhinovirus (HRV, 9.2%). Disease severity and in-hospital mortality of immunocompromised patients were higher than those of immunocompetent patients. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) (22.4%), Aspergillus (14.1%) and bacteria (13.8%) were most frequent coinfections in immunocompromised patients as to Aspergillus (10.8%), bacteria (7.1%) and mycoplasma (5.3%) in immunocompetent patients. Viral shedding was significantly longer in immunocompromised patients.Conclusions: Immunocompromised patients have a high frequency of coinfections, and persistent viral shedding makes them contagious for prolonged periods. Most deaths were reported among those with CMV and two-or-more viruses, and we found the same disease severity and prognosis for IFV and non-IFV.
Comprehensive bioinformatic analysis identified m6A methylation as an important regulator in mediating immune response during idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Liu Na , Zeng Yunhong , Huang Ting , Zuo Wanyun , Xiao Yunbin , Li Biao , Xiao Zhenghui , Liu Yaozhong , Liu Qiming
Published: September 2020

BackgroundDespite its functional importance in various fundamental bioprocesses, studies of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in the pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are lacking. Here we studied the potential relevance of m6A RNA methylation and immune response in PAH development.MethodsWe constructed a monocrotaline (MCT) induced PAH rat model and performed Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-Seq). The 18 idiopathic PAH (IPAH) microarray data obtained from the GEO database was used to construct co-expression networks by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). CIBERSORT was used to investigate the effect of m6A methylation on immune cell infiltration during PAH.ResultsA differential pattern of m6A abundance, mainly up-methylation, was observed in the lung tissues of rats with MCT induced PAH. By WGCNA, multi-list pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, we found that m6A methylation modification may play important roles in mediating immune response during PAH. CYBERSORT algorithm indicated that the m6A methylation can drive monocyte to form M1 macrophage, which may be mediated by CCR5 and CXCL9.ConclusionCollectively, m6A landscape is altered in PAH. We summarize newly discovered m6A in controlling immune response, which caused activation of M1 macrophage during PAH. It’s provided a novel insight into the therapeutic mechanisms of PAH.
Influence of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Gene Expression in Women with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Costa-Silva Danylo Rafhael , Alves-Ribeiro Francisco Adelton , Barros-Oliveira Maria da Conceição , Campos-Verdes Larysse Cardoso , Pereira Renato de Oliveira , Tavares Cleciton Braga , Melo Mariella de Almeida , Cardoso Arquimedes Cavalcante , Coelho Eid Gonçalves , Lopes-Costa Pedro Vitor , Santos Alesse Ribeiro dos , Luz-Borges Victoria Maria , Viana Jackeline Lopes , Vasconcelos-Valença Rodrigo José de , Pinho-Sobral André Luiz , Sousa Emerson Brandão , Gebrim Luiz Henrique , Silva Benedito Borges da
Published: September 2020

Background: Breast cancer, the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide, one of the major risk factors for breast cancer is genetic changes. Changes in the expression levels of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene have been associated with increased risk and aggressiveness of breast cancer. The IGF-1 gene encodes the IGF-1 peptide that is present in most human tissues, as in the normal and neoplastic mammary gland. Here, we conducted a systematic review to investigate the influence of IGF-1 gene expression levels in women with breast cancer.Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies published between February 2 and May 15, 2019, using inclusion and exclusion criteria in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We analyzed the studies to find association between IGF-1gene expression and breast cancer.Results: A growing number of studies in women with breast cancer support, with controversial results, the influence of IGF-1 gene expression levels on clinical-pathological factors, disease-free survival, overall survival, and resistance to tamoxifen.Conclusions: Therefore, the elucidation of IGF-1 gene expression patterns through further studies may enable the characterization of women at high risk for breast cancer, as well as the development of effective prognostic and therapeutic strategies.
Assessment of the Academic Satisfaction of Graduate Students During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic, In An Internal Medicine Department.
Authors: Castro-Paris Rodrigo , Munoz-Velandia Oscar Mauricio , Garcia-Pena Angel Alberto , Fernández-Ávila Daniel Gerardo
Published: September 2020

BackgroundDuring the SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic, academic activities have been adjusted to include virtual components. The impact on student satisfaction with their medical education, especially in graduate programs, is unknown.MethodsThe Internal Medicine Department of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, in Bogotá (Colombia), converted multiple theoretical academic activities to virtual modality, and modified the practical activities using technological platforms that allow remote participation of residents or teachers. A survey was designed to evaluate the satisfaction of residents in relation to the theoretical and practical components, and the perception of change.Results48 residents responded the survey. > 72 % reported being partially or totally satisfied with the organization, content of the activities, interdisciplinary approach and opportunity to discuss topics for the theoretical activities. When evaluating the care activities, 21.9 % of the residents reported not being satisfied with the preparation that those activities give for clinical practice and professional life, and 31.3 % with the interdisciplinary approach, and time to discuss the cases. > 72.9 % were satisfied with the technological tools used. The level of perceived stress worsened for 62.5 %, and the opportunity to develop and practice skills worsened for 64.6 % of those surveyed.ConclusionsDespite the high satisfaction with the theoretical activities and the technological tools used, residents consider that the implementation of remote academic activities is associated with higher levels of stress and fewer opportunities to develop and practice clinical skills. New strategies are needed to improve practical components while maintaining social distancing.
Patterns of physical activity, adherence to a wearable activity tracker during a 12-week intervention and correlation between physical activity and function in individuals with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Östlind Elin , Sant’Anna Anita , Eek Frida , Stigmar Kjerstin , Hansson Eva Ekvall
Published: September 2020

BackgroundOsteoarthritis is a common joint disorder causing pain, functional limitations and an increased risk of comorbidities. Physical activity (PA) is the standard treatment but the majority of individuals with OA do not meet the recommended levels of PA (150 min/week). Monitoring PA with a wearable activity tracker (WAT) could promote PA but increased knowledge on PA patterns and usage of a WAT is needed. The aim of this study was to describe PA patterns and adherence to using a WAT among participants of working age with hip and/or knee OA, during a 12-week intervention. In addition, this study explores the correlation between baseline joint function and subsequent PA.MethodsIndividuals of working age with hip and/or knee OA (n = 75) who used a WAT, Fitbit Flex 2, for 12 weeks as part of an intervention in a cluster-randomized controlled trial were included. Participants were encouraged to monitor their PA in the Fitbit-app. An activity goal of 7,000 steps per day was set. Activity data was collected from the Fitbit. HOOS/KOOS were completed at baseline.ResultsParticipants walked on average 10 593 (SD 3431) steps per day, spent 336.0 (SD 249.9) minutes in moderate/vigorous (MV) PA and used the Fitbit for 88.4% of the 12-week intervention period. Steps per day decreased significantly over the 12 weeks (β-coefficient − 117, 95% CI -166 to -68, p = < 0.001) as well as MVPA per week (β-coefficient − 3.5, 95% CI -6.5 to -0.5, p = 0.02) and adherence to using the Fitbit (β-coefficient − 1.3, 95% CI -1.8 to -0.8, p = < 0.001). There were no significant correlations between baseline function (HOOS/KOOS) and subsequent PA.ConclusionThe majority of participants reached 7,000 steps/day and the recommended 150 minutes in MVPA per week. However, weekly PA decreased gradually over time. Adherence to using the Fitbit was high but also decreased during the intervention. Understanding PA-patterns and the use of a Fitbit to promote PA could be beneficial in tailoring interventions for individuals with hip and/or knee OA.Trial registrationThe C-RCT was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration number: NCT03354091. Registered 11/27/2017.
Immunohistochemical Algorithms and Gene Expression Profiling in Primary Cutaneous B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Peluso Anna Lucia , Picariello Caterina , Cretella Pasquale , Cozzolino Immacolata , Caputo Alessandro , Triggiani Massimo , Puzziello Alessandro , Selleri Carmine , Pepe Stefano , Ieni Antonio , Baldi Carlo , Zeppa Pio
Published: September 2020

Objective: to assess whether immunohistochemical (IHC) algorithms used to classify the cell of origin (COO) of nodal Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma (nDLBCL) in Germinal Center type (GCB) and non-GCB subtypes may be applied to Primary Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL) too, and which of these algorithms performs better on PCBCL.Design: retrospective case control study.Setting: Pathology Department of the University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona” Salerno, Italy.Participants : fourteen PCBCL, including Primary Cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma (PCFCL) and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Leg type (PCDLBCL-LT) and 14 nDLBCL were evaluated for 7-year period (January 2011 to December 2017). Primary cutaneous marginal zone cell lymphoma (PCMZL) cases were not included in the present study. Intervention: evaluation of immunohistochemical CD10, BCL6, MUM1/IRF4, BCL2, MYC and Ki-67 expression and classification according to three different algorithms. Gene expression profiling (GEP) was performed on the same series using Lymph2Cx assay (Nanostring). The data obtained were compared and analysed.Results: all the IHC algorithms showed 13 GCB and 15 non-GCB. GEP showed 12 GCB, 12 activated B cell–type and 4 unclassified.Conclusions: the PCBCL were classifiable as GCB and non-GCB like the nDLBCL as IHC algorithms were concordant to GEP and produced the same results.
Enhancing Esthetics of Fixed Prosthesis in Anterior Region with an Innovative Pontic Design in conjunction with Periodontal Plastic Surgery- A Case Report
Authors: Dange Bhagyashree , Fernandes Carol
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe loss of anterior tooth leads to a volumetric deficit of soft and hard tissues, which causes an altered topography. This localized alveolar ridge defect in turn complicates the prosthetic rehabilitation and un-esthetic result might lead to patient’s social stigma. Such defects can be corrected by either soft or hard tissue augmentation, along with esthetic prosthesis.Case presentationThis case report describes the augmentation of the sub-epithelial soft tissue graft to rebuild the lost gingival contour for prosthetic rehabilitation missing tooth in esthetic region. The surgical “trap door” approach is explained in detail along with procedure to introduce innovative E pontic design in prosthesis.ConclusionThe ultimate goal of any prosthetic treatment is to enhance esthetics of patient thus aiding in his/her psychological health along with functional stabilization of the compromised arch. The periodontal surgery with gingival friendly prosthetic design increases esthetic outcome of the treatment.
Prospective Time Periodic Geographical Covid-19 Surveillance in Ethiopia Using a Space-time Scan Statistics: Detecting and Evaluating Emerging Clusters
Authors: Azmach Nuredin Nassir , Tesfahannes Tesfay Gebremariam , Abdulsemed Samiya Abrar , Hamza Temam Abrar
Published: September 2020

Background: On December 31, 2019, multiple pneumonia cases, subsequently identified as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was reported for the first time in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province in China. At that time, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission had report 27 cases, of which seven are severely ill, and the remaining cases are stable and controllable. Since, then, the spread of COVID-19 has already taken on pandemic proportions, affecting over 100 countries in a matter of weeks. As of September 07, 2020, there had been more than 27 million confirmed cases and 889,000 total deaths, with an average mortality of about 3.3%, globally. In Ethiopia, 58,672 confirmed cases and 918 deaths and this number are likely to increase exponentially. It is critical to detect clusters of COVID-19 to better allocate resources and improve decision-making as the pandemics continue to grow.Methods: We have collected the individual-level information on patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 on daily bases from the official reports of the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH), regional, and city government of Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa health bureaus. Using the daily case data, we conducted a prospective space-time analysis with SaTScan version 9.6. We detect statistically significant space-time clusters of COVID-19 at the woreda and sub-city level in Ethiopia between March 13th-June 6th, 2020, and March 13th-June 24th, 2020.Results: The prospective space-time scan statistic detected “alive” and emerging clusters that are present at the end of our study periods; notably, nine more clusters were detected when adding the updated case data.Conclusions: These results can notify public health officials and decision-makers about where to improve the allocation of resources, testing areas; also, where to implement necessary isolation measures and travel bans. As more confirmed cases become available, the statistic can be rerun to support timely surveillance of COVID-19, demonstrated here. In Ethiopia, our research is the first geographic study that utilizes space-time statistics to monitor COVID-19.
The Influence of Family Function on State and Trait Anxiety of Chinese College Students During the Epidemic of COVID-19
Authors: Yang Lingping , Wu Miao , Wang Yuqi , Peng Bin
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has a terrible impact worldwide, and more than 0.8 million people had died of it before September 2020. Many countries had taken many measures to against it, and one of the most effective methods was "stay-at-home" order. But staying at home for a long time is not good for human beings with social features, and that may lead to the occurrence of psychological diseases. Because of COVID-19, many people were forced to stay at home and spend more time with family members. As a special group of population, Chinese college student are more dependent on families, and their psychology, such as anxiety, may be more affected by family during the outbreak of COVID-19.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted online from March 14, 2020 to March 21, 2020.The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (ST-AI) and Chinese Family Function Scale (FAD-18) were used in this study. ANOVA was used in basic information. Path analysis was used to estimate the relationship among family function, state anxiety and trait anxiety.RESULTS: A total of 1039 respondents (695 females and 344 males) were included in the study. Their state anxiety scores were 39.28 and 36.84, respectively. The trait anxiety scores were 40.66 and 38.36, respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.01). But compared with the healthy norm, there was no significant difference. Except gender, there were significant differences (p<0.01) in state anxiety and trait anxiety between college students of medicine and art majors. In path analysis, the standard direct effect of family function on trait anxiety was 0.434(p< 0.001) in male group, 0.271(p< 0.001) in female group. While the standard direct and indirect effect of family function on state anxiety were not significant.CONCLUSIONS: This study found that during the outbreak of COVID-19, the state anxiety and trait anxiety of Chinese college students were related to gender and major. What’s more, family function had a great influence on anxiety. It is very important to pay attention to health function of family and psychological counseling for different genders and majors.
Dietary Linseed Supplementation Improves Meat Quality of Sheep by Altering Muscle Fiber Characteristics and Antioxidative Capacity
Authors: Hou Yanru , Liu Chang , Zhao Lihua , Bai Yanping , Dou Lu , Yao Duo , Jin Ye , Su Lin
Published: September 2020

Background: In ruminants, due to the hydrogenation of the rumen, muscles contain a large amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA), which have a negative effect on meat quality. Linseed as a common oil crop which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), it affected the deposition of PUFA. Unfortunately, PUFA can exert a negative influence on the oxidative stability of meat. Fortunately, linseed is not only rich in PUFA, but also rich in phenols, which are a good source of antioxidants. Therefore, linseed may be can serve as an effective feed additive to improve meat quality of sheep. The aim of this investigation was to establish the effects of dietary linseed supplementation on carcass traits, meat quality, muscle fiber characteristics and antioxidative capacity of sheep. Results: Results of this study indicated that linseed supplementation significantly increased the loin-eye area, crude protein and ash. Reduced pH24h, L* and shear force. Moreover, linseed supplementation affected the relative content and enriched the kinds of volatile flavor substances. Increased mRNA expression of MyHC I and MyHC IIx, and a decrease in cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle fiber diameter was also observed. Additional changes included enhanced activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), decreased activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), increased total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) activity. The mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and catalase (CAT) were increased while malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased. Conclusions: The results suggest that linseed is an effective feed additive in improving meat quality. The underlying mechanism(s) for its effectiveness may be partly due to a change in muscle fiber characteristics and antioxidative capacity.
Effects of Cold Durations on Chilling Injury in Lagenaria Germplasm
Authors: Sari Nebahat , Silverman Emily , Reiland Danny , Wehner Todd C.
Published: September 2020

Cucurbit plants usually are sensitive to chilling and easily damaged. Although bottle gourds, which are members of the Cucurbitaceae family, are considered as fresh vegetables in some Asian countries, their main use in recent years is to be used as rootstocks in grafted watermelon cultivation. We tested 163 bottle gourd accessions of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) genebank for cold tolerance in the early seedling stage. The experiment was conducted using controlled environment chambers with 3 chilling durations (36, 48, and 60 hours) at 4 °C. Chilling damage was rated 0 to 9 (0 = no damage, 1 to 2 = trace of damage, 3 to 4 = slight damage, 5 to 6 = moderate damage, 7 to 8 = advanced damage, 9 = plant totally dead). We rated damage separately for the cotyledons, true leaf, and growing point. Cold damage was higher at a chilling duration of 60 hours, and decreased at 48 and 36 hours. Most tolerant cultigens were PI 491272, PI 491280, PI 491281, PI 491286, and PI 491326. Most susceptible were PI 381845, PI 381846, PI 534556, PI 636137, and PI 668365.
Effects of Spray Volume and Application Frequency on Insecticide Efficacy Against Adult Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella Occidentalis) under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Radosevich Devin L. , Cloyd Raymond A. , Herrick Nathan J.
Published: September 2020

The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a major insect pest of greenhouse-grown horticultural crops. Western flower thrips causes direct and indirect damage by feeding on plant leaves, flowers, and fruits, and by transmitting viruses that can result in greenhouse producers experiencing substantial economic losses. Consequently, insecticides are used to suppress western flower thrips populations. However, issues associated with applying insecticides may affect the suppression of western flower thrips populations. Therefore, experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to determine the effects of the spray volume applied and application frequency on insecticide efficacy against western flower thrips adults located in transvaal daisy, Gerbera jamesonii, cut flowers. Four spray volumes (5.0, 10.0, 12.5, and 25.0 mL), two application frequencies (one or two spray applications), and three insecticides [spinosad (Conserve), chlorfenapyr (Pylon), and flonicamid (Aria)], each with a different mode of action, were tested. The insecticide treatments had the greatest effects on the mean percent mortality of western flower thrips adults regardless of spray volume or application frequency. However, in Expt. 3, the 5.0- and 10.0-mL spray volumes resulted in a higher mean percent mortality of western flower thrips adults than the 2.5-mL spray volume. Spinosad and chlorfenapyr resulted in a mean percent mortality of more than 72% for western flower thrips adults, whereas flonicamid resulted in mean percent mortality between 40% and 91%. Our study demonstrates that certain insecticides are more effective against western flower thrips adults located in transvaal daisy flowers than others, which will help greenhouse producers effectively manage western flower thrips populations.
Ukrainian hryvnia under the floating exchange rate regime: diagnostics of the USD/UAH exchange rate dynamics
Authors: Ignatyuk Anzhela , Osetskyi Valerii , Makarenko Mykhaylo , Artemenko Alina
Published: September 2020

The study identifies the features of the USD/UAH exchange rate dynamics for the period from January 2014 to May 2020. The main purpose of the empirical analysis is to determine the current trend of the USD/UAH exchange rate (is it random or permanent), indicate the presence of seasonality in foreign exchange rate dynamics and evaluate its sensitivity to external shocks. Three hypotheses are tested using several methods of time series analysis (autocorrelation analysis, ADF, Phillips-Perron and Granger tests), including a trend-season model using a time series of one variable (ARMA), a multifactor VAR-model, impulse functions. The results show that, the movement of the hryvnia exchange rate against the US dollar is a stochastic process. Its trend has a random component and tends to change sharply over time. Moreover, exchange rate fluctuations are seasonal. It depreciates in the first and second quarters, and strengthens in the third and fourth. Some macroeconomic indicators cause a positive or negative reaction of the USD/UAH exchange rate. This indicates that today the Ukrainian foreign exchange market is relatively efficient, but stable, since its reaction to external shocks is short-term, insignificant and tends to fade out. Although the findings are controversial, they support the generally accepted view that the exchange rate formation is a multifactorial process that depends on several macroeconomic factors. However, high volatility and random walk specification indicate that it is almost impossible to predict its future value at this time.
AcknowledgmentThe material was prepared within the framework of the scientific research Modeling and Forecasting the Behavior of Financial Markets as an Information Base for Ensuring Financial Stability and Security of the State, No. 0117U003936 (supervisor Alex Plastun).
TÜRKİYE’DE SOSYAL HARCAMALAR VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Musa
Published: September 2020

Görünmez el ve serbest piyasa odağındaki klasik görüşün 1929 krizine çözüm üretememesi, ekonomik oyuna müdahaleleri öngören Keynesgil yaklaşımlara kapı aralamıştır. Böylece sanayi devriminden itibaren güven duyulan liberal politikaların yerini refah merkezli politikalar almaya başlamıştır ve bu durum 1970li yıllara kadar sürmüştür. 1970lerde yaşanan gelişmeler sonucunda refah yaklaşımından neoliberal politikalara yöneliş başlamıştır. Bu dönüşüm sürecinde toplumlar sosyoekonomik ve politik anlamda ciddi krizlerle karşı karşıya kalmışlardır. Ortaya çıkan sorunlarla baş edebilmek için ülkeler 1980ler itibaren sosyal harcamalar yapmaya başlamışlar ve zaman içinde bu harcamalar ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin varlığı ve mahiyeti sorgulanmaya başlamıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Türkiye’nin 1980 sonrası dönemde aynî ve nakdî kamusal sosyal harcamaların ekonomik büyüme ile olan ilişkisi incelenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda ilk olarak IMF ve OECD-SOCX veri tabanından elde edilen değişkenlerin durağanlıkları Genişletilmiş Dickey - Fuller (ADF) ve Phillips – Perron (PP) birim kök sınamalarıyla test edilmektedir. Ardından değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkileri analiz eden yapısal vektör oto regresyon analizi (SVAR) yapılarak etki-tepki fonksiyonları, varyans ayrıştırması ve pairwise Granger nedensellik testi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen analiz sonuçlarına göre değişkenler birbirlerini değişen oranlarda etkilemektedirler ve nakdî sosyal harcamalar ile aynî sosyal harcamalar ve GSYH arasında tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi mevcuttur. Bu durum sosyal harcamaların ekonomik büyüme üzerinde etkili olduğunu ifade eden Keynesgil yaklaşım ve İçsel Büyüme modellerini destekler mahiyettedir ve sosyal harcamaların Türkiye ekonomisinde bir tür yatırım olduğunu ifade etmektedir.
Erken Çocukluk Dönemindeki Kaynaştırma Uygulamalarında Sosyal Etkileşimin Geliştirilmesine Yönelik Akran Aracılı Müdahaleler
Authors: TIKIROĞLU Çiğdem , ÖZEN Arzu
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışma, erken çocukluk dönemindeki kaynaştırma uygulamalarında
tipik gelişen çocuklarla özel gereksinimli çocuklar arasındaki sosyal
etkileşimi geliştirmeye yönelik müdahaleler arasında ön plana çıkan Akran Aracılı
Müdahalelerle ilgili genel bir bilgi sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, öncelikle Akran Aracılı
Müdahalelerin amaçları, temel özelikleri, gelişimsel yetersizliği olan çocuklara,
tipik gelişen çocuklara, erken çocukluk eğitim ortamlarına katkıları ve sınırlılıklarından
söz edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu müdahalelerin sınıflandırılması ve erken çocukluk
dönemindeki çocuklarda uygulanma süreci açıklanmıştır. Ardından son yıllarda alanyazında kullanımı ön plana çıkan Doğal Gelişimsel
Davranışsal Müdahaleler (DGDM) kapsamındaki Akran Aracılı Müdahalelerle ilgili araştırmalara
yer verilmiştir. Son olarak konuyla ilgili ileri araştırmalara ve erken
çocukluktaki kaynaştırma uygulamalarına yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
La fotografía como estrategia para formar en ciudadanía
Authors: Rodríguez Ortiz Angélica María , Montoya Trujillo Betty
Published: September 2020

La formación artística ha sido relegada en los últimos años a procesos de instrucción en técnicas. Esto ha llevado, en cierta medida, a la subvaloración de la misma; al no reconocer al arte como elemento esencial en la formación humana. Esta investigación presenta una propuesta para reconocer en el arte una expresión de la realidad social y desde este pensar nuestro papel como ciudadanos críticos ante nuestro actuar. Para ello se planteó el diseño de una unidad didáctica en la que la fotografía se usó como estrategia para sensibilizar, discutir y argumentar soluciones creativas en torno al problema socialmente vivo de la drogadicción; un problema que afecta a los estudiantes con los que se realizó el proceso de intervención en el aula. La fotografía, expresión artística, permitió capturar en imágenes parte de la problemática social, y con un diseño didáctico intencionado se abrieron espacios de discusión con el fin de contribuir en el desarrollo de habilidades para la ciudadanía (creatividad, sensibilidad y argumentación). La metodología usada fue la etnografía rápida, por ser la más acertada para interpretar la realidad vivida en el aula y el contexto; para el análisis de la imagen se utilizó la foto-elucidación.