bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Generalization of Ocular Myasthenia Gravis in Palembang
Authors: Farid Zahratul Riadho , Devi Azri Wahyuni
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is an autoimmune disease which is characterized by weakness of extraocular muscles, levator palpebrae and orbicularis oculi, resulting in ptosis and binocular diplopia. Nearly all patients present with eyelid and extra ocular muscles involvement. Approximately 30% to 80% of patients with OMG experience a conversion to generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG) within 2 years. There are not only have ptosis and diplopia but also limb weakness,bulbar symptoms, or even respiratory failure. This study was aimed to observe the clinical features of OMG to GMG and risk factors and median time to conversion of OMG to GMG of myasthenia gravis patients in Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang.

Method. This study is a cohort retrospective study and the data were collected from the medical records of 91 patients who were registered as myasthenia gravis patients during September 2018 to March 2020. Sosiodemographic and clinical characteristics, including onset of OMG to GMG, history of smoking, presence of thymic abnormalities, and medications received were reviewed retrospectively.

Result. A total of 91 OMG patients were observed in this study with 32 (35,2%) patients converted from ocular myastenia gravis to general myastenia gravis. Median conversion time to GMG was 34 months. Risk factor for convertion cases of OMG to MGG was receiving immunosupressive agents (Risk: 14.7, 95% CI 4.83, 44.7), thymus hyperplasia (Risk: 3.36, CI 95% 0.33, 33.6), Female (Risk: 2.41, 95% CI 0.94, 6.17), Smoking (Risk: 1.56, 95% CI 0.31, 7.81).

Conclusion. Ptosis was the definitive sign for OMG in this study, with all patients had ptosis, thus it needs the colaboration from neuroophthalmologist and neurologist to diagnose and manage this case. Most of converted case was female and those who receive an immunosupressive agent therapy.
MEASURING VALUE AT RISK USING GARCH MODEL - EVIDENCE FROM THE CRYPTOCURRENCY MARKET
Authors: Obeng Cosmos
Published: December 2021

There is a growing interest in the activities of the crypto market by various stakeholders. These stakeholders generally include investors, entrepreneurs, governments, fund managers, climate activists, institutional managers, employees with surplus funds, and crypto miners. This study aims to investigate the accuracy of the GARCH models for measuring and estimating Value-at-risk (VaR) using the Cryptocurrency index for future investment and managerial decision making. Because of this, the present study uses the top 30 Cryptocurrencies index in terms of Market capitalization excluding stable coins to determine the best GARCH models. Many entrepreneurs, institutional managers, fund managers, and other stakeholders have recently included cryptocurrency in their investment portfolio because of the increase in transactions and high returns growth in the global financial market with its associated high returns and volatility. Information communication technology has paved the way for such activities in the global markets. The daily data frequency was applied because of the availability of the data. The empirical analysis has been carried out for the period from January 2017 to December 2020 for a total of 1461observation. The returns volatility is estimated using SGARCH and EGARCH models. The findings evidenced that, using both normal distribution and Student t distribution, EGARCH provides a better measure and estimate than SGARCH concerning high persistence and volatility. Against this background, the present study also examined Backtesting to estimate Value at Risk. Interestingly, the findings of the available study would provide industry players, practitioners, entrepreneurs, and investors the maximum edge on how to use or measure such variables against others to make investment decisions. Also, the findings would subsequently contribute more insight into academia on the study area.
THE CONCEPT OF A BUSINESS MODEL FOR AN AIR CARRIER IN SLOVAKIA
Authors: Baláž Radovan
Published: December 2021

Determining the operating airline's business model is among the strategic decision, particularly for emerging airlines. A suitable and correct business model is an essential prerequisite for the company to establish itself in the market and be competitive successfully. This paper aims to design a specific business model for an air carrier, considered a national air carrier in Slovakia. Slovakia currently has no national air carrier, which would contribute to the development of passenger air transport and would reflect the domestic population's current needs and help increase inbound tourism. The main goal of the designed air carrier is to contribute to the development of air transport in Slovakia and transport a higher number of air passengers, reaching at least an average increments as in other European Union countries. This study proposes a business model framework applied to the conditions of Slovakia, which analyzes the main trends identified in the literature for designing business models for airlines abroad. In examining various studies, we have identified aspects of business models and the main models used by airlines abroad. We used general methods to process information and assess current trends in air transport. In the study, we apply the list method and the inventory method, focusing on new trends and process management methods in the aviation industry. Finally, we developed a business model for a potential air carrier operating in Slovakia from the acquired knowledge.
GENERATION DISPARITIES ON THE PERCEPTION OF SMEs BUSINESS RISKS
Authors: Petráková Zora , Okręglicka Karolina , Maňák Radim , Fialová Vendula
Published: December 2021

This article aims to identify common features, disparities, and consequences in the perception of business risks between generation X, Y, and Z entrepreneurs in the segment of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The empirical part of this research included the dataset of 1585 questionnaires fulfilled by the entrepreneurs from the SME segment from four Central European countries across 2019-2020. The disparities of the perception of business risks were analyzed using Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The research results prove the existence of the significant disparities in the perception of the market, financial, personnel, legal, and operational risks sources by the entrepreneurs from X, Y, and Z generations. Generally, essential disparities are in the perception of business risks between generation X and Z. 61.7% of SMEs from generation X believe that the number of possible requests for the specific products/services has a downward trend. In comparison, only 49.0% of SMEs from generation Z and 45.3% of SMEs from generation Y present the same opinion. The presented research results have the following implications: i. top management of SMEs should improve interpersonal relationships in the workplace; ii. fine-tuning of supporting programs by organizations supporting the business environment in the region of the Visegrad Group; iii. preparation of strategic documents dealing with the quality of the business environment or the training of top SME managers in the case of national policymakers.
THE PERCEPTION OF SMES BANKRUPTCY CONCERNING CSR IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Metzker Zdenko , Maroušek Josef , Zvaríková Katarína , Hlawiczka Roman
Published: December 2021

This study aims to evaluate the perception of bankruptcy by small and medium-sized enterprises from the V4 region. CSR implementation in business activities was selected as the comparison criterion. The research paper is based on a questionnaire survey of 1585 respondents. The data were collected from September 2019 to January 2020. The research hypotheses were evaluated using the χ-quadrat test and Z-score statistical methods. Differences between the enterprises which implemented CSR in business and other companies were found. The research focused on bankruptcy perception as a natural part of the business and as a valuable experience for future company development. Entrepreneur failure and self-confidence showed that V4 SMEs with implemented CSR are less likely to go bankrupt if adverse economic developments occur. However, less than 50% of entrepreneurs consider bankruptcy as a valuable experience for further business. The majority of managers who have experience with CSR implementation positively differed in their opinions versus those without this experience. In general, V4 entrepreneurs who implemented CSR have a more positive perception of bankruptcy questions. The results may be interesting for those who promote or implement CSR in the focused countries. Our findings can be helpful for entrepreneurs to consider the benefits of being socially responsible in the working environment conception.
Physical characteristics comparison between maytansinoid-based and auristatin-based antibody-drug conjugates
Authors: Fujii Tomohiro , Reiling Calliste , Quinn Colette , Kliman Michal , Mendelsohn Brian A. , Matsuda Yutaka
Published: December 2021

Aim: Direct analytical comparison of two major drug-linkers in the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) field was conducted.
Methods: Four different analytical methods [AlogP calculation, reverse phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; RP-HPLC), size exclusion chromatography HPLC (SEC-HPLC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)] were tested for this comparison.
Results: Maytansinoid-based ADCs showed less hydrophobicity than auristatin-based ADCs. Regardless of the drug-linker and drug-to-antibody ratios (DARs), the stability detected by DSC was decreased by conjugation.
Conclusions: The cost and time-efficient analytical comparison described in this manuscript may be useful information for an initial characterization of ADCs prior to detailed biological studies.
A fenntartható közbeszerzés széleskörű alkalmazásának feltételei, az EU Green Deal tükrében : 2. rész
Authors: Diófási-Kovács Orsolya
Published: December 2021

Egyre inkább tapasztalhatjuk, hogy a fenntarthatóság kérdése megjelenik a mindennapi életünkben, környezeti, társadalmi és gazdasági elvárások formájában is. A közbeszerzés szerepe ebben az elvárás-rendszerben a stratégiai szintű alkalmazása, mely a közbeszerzésre fordított összegek vásárlóerejénél fogva állandó piaci keresletet biztosíthat az innovatív és fenntartható termékek és szolgáltatások iránt. A kétrészes cikksorozat célja a legfrissebb szakirodalom és gyakorlati tapasztalatok alapján rendszerezni azokat a hatásokat, melyek a fenntarthatósági szempontok integrálását elősegítik vagy hátráltatják a közbeszerzési eljárásokban. A kétrészes cikksorozat második része a szervezeti belső tényezőkkel foglalkozik részleteiben, melyek elősegíthetik azt, hogy a fenntartható közbeszerzés a mindennapi rutin részévé váljon.
The Abuse of Underage Athletes
Authors:   North-West Branch, Russian State University of Justice, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Rakhmanova Ekaterina N.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Millions of children are ill-treated every day at home, at school, on the streets, and in sports. While sport is believed to promote health and help children to develop important social skills, its importance is often overestimated. In sports culture, violence is often taken for granted. This is an integral part of the cruel treatment of children in sports. Further, the closed nature of sports can only partially explain why both foreign and domestic experts still pay so little attention to the abuse of young athletes. Theoretical Basis. Methods. This research has been based on general scientific methods (such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and the system analysis method) and methods of legal science (including methods of comparative jurisprudence, methods of literal, systematic and historical interpretation of legal norms). The theoretical basis of the thesis was the scientific papers of Russian and foreign experts in the field of criminal law, criminology, sociology, psychology and sports law. Results. A study of data on child abuse in sports, including scientific papers, data and recommendations provided by international organisations, shows that a common understanding of the term has not yet been developed nor have the specifics of “child abuse in sports” been determined. Analysis of the currently available documents developed by international organisations, shows that most of the recommendations are superficial and vague. Certain types of illtreatment, such as sexual abuse by peer or exploitation of the labour of child athletes are not covered in detail. Discussion and Conclusion. Considering the results of the studies of laws and regulations conducted in several foreign countries by international organisations, the authors have concluded that regardless of whether cruel treatment of children is a sporting tradition, no cruelty towards them can be justified; violence and exploitation of children athletes need to be prevented.
On the Temporal Problems of Implementing an Extraordinary Method of Protecting the Rights of Bankruptcy Creditors
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation, Patsatsiya Malkhaz Sh.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The abolishment of a judicial act, which has entered into legal force, especially after a significant period of time, may occur in only exceptional cases. Otherwise, it contradicts the ap- proaches of the European Court of Human Rights and the Constitutional Court of Russia to the general requirement for legal certainty as regards res judicata. Exceptional cases include those relating to ensuring the right to a fair trial. The past judicial enforcement experience in modern Russia has shown that bankruptcy credi- tors, who believe that their rights have been violated by a judicial act, on which a claim filed by another person in a bankruptcy case is based, previously did not have any procedural defense mechanism. That was the case until one was introduced that would allow them to appeal such a judicial act if they believed that the claim, filed on its basis in a bankruptcy case, was based on an invalid transaction or lacks foundation due to the unreliability of evidence. This is so even in situ- ation where these judicial acts may have been adopted in cases in which they did not participate. The current judicial practice, however, shows that it is often impossible for them to protect their rights due to the incorrect understanding of the rules for calculating and/or restoring the term of appeal, as established in parts 1 and 2 of article 259 of the Code of Arbitration Procedure of Russian Federation. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The methodological basis of the work was the dialectical method. Such general scientific, private scientific legal and special methods of scientific knowledge inherent in the procedural sciences as the analysis and the synthesis, induction and deduction, dogmatic, comparative legal, and teleological methods, as well as the analysis and the generalisation of judicial practice have been used. Results. The article highlights the three most common erroneous, in the author’s opinion, approaches of courts to calculating and/or restoring the term of appeal. Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the results of the evaluation of the erroneous approaches, four major claims are formulated against them. These are based on the interpretation of the norms of parts 1 and 2 of article 259 of the Code of Arbitration Procedure of Russian Federation which corresponds to the tasks and principles of judicial proceedings in arbitration courts. The claims are based on the explanations of the Supreme Court of Russia related to the issue under consideration, its conclusions on specific cases, as well as the provisions of the decisions of the lower supervisory instances which deserve support. On this basis, the most realistic options for correcting judicial practice are indicated, which are absolutely necessary to ensure the right to a fair trial.
Corruption as a Global Problem of the Modern World: A Review of Scientific Publications
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ryabtseva Ekaterina V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Corruption is a complex multidimensional phenomenon that negatively affects all spheres of life within the state and its society. Despite the fact that corruption has been known since the times of ancient China, the study and scientific analysis of the causes and consequenc- es of corruption began to be dealt with only in recent years. Theoretical Basis. Methods. Modern scientific research methods were used, devoted to the defi- nition of the essence of corruption, methods of its prevention, its detection and the elimination of various forms of corruption. The determination of corruption on the basis of one of the scientif- ic approaches: political, economic, social, legal, etc. The interdisciplinary approach used in the work is based on various methods, including comparative legal, structural and functional, infor- mational and a number of others, which made it possible to draw reliable conclusions based on the results of the study. Results. The presented review of scientific publications allows us to combine the results of re- search in various branches of science for a deeper understanding of the essence of corruption, the degree and nature of the influence of corruption as to the structure and functioning of gov- ernment bodies, the development of civil society institutions, and the provision of economic and social guarantees of citizens. The article summarises certain results obtained in the field of sci- entific research on the problems of corruption. Discussion and Conclusion. Scientifically grounded conclusions and proposals contained in the works of scientists from different countries make it possible to systematically recognise cor- ruption as a global international problem, since they present a “global picture of corruption”, as well as to show in detail its individual elements. This makes it possible to substantiate univer- sal methods of preventing corruption, taking into account national characteristics of individual states.
Methodological Pluralism of Legal Thinking: Problems of Theory and Philosophy of Law
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Frolova Elizaveta A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Currently, in theoretical and legal science, discussions continue about the un- derstanding of the content and the methodology of the knowledge of law. This article shows the theoretical approaches to the study of law in different historical periods. Law is analysed from the point of view of formal dogmatic jurisprudence, sociological direction in law, and the theory of natural law in both their historical and theoretical aspects. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The purpose of this work is to study the content of law as a sociocultural phenomenon. To achieve this, the following tasks are examined: the analy- sis of law as the most important social regulator of human activity is undertaken – which shows the right as a part of spiritual life. Further, the main legal schools and trends in law are analysed. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, a her- meneutic, and a comparative approach. Results. As a result of the study, the author came to the following conclusions: 1) the plurality of methodological approaches to the study of the nature and purpose of law are due to the dialogical nature of theoretical and legal sciences (philosophy of law, theory of state and law, history of political and legal doctrines, and the sociology of law); 2) the basis of the methodological pluralism of legal thinking lies in the different content of law. This is where law is understood as an interest, as a freedom, as a social duty, as a morality, as an order of the authorities, as the discretion of a judge, as well as the degree of implementation of the legal phenomenon in the concrete historical conditions of society; 3) each doctrine of law and the state is a model for solving the legal issues of its time. This includes proposing and arguing for one or another option for maintaining public order. It is original and can (and should) be applied in specific socio-political conditions. Discussion and Conclusion. Each doctrine of law and the state is a model for solving legal issues of its time. Offering various options for resolving urgent political and legal issues, these theories can (and do) enter into conflicts with each other. Each of the legal concepts, offering and arguing for one or another option for maintaining public order, is original and can (and should) be used in specific socio-political conditions. At the doctrinal level, political and legal concepts are variants of alternative legal thinking, the validity and relevance of which is confirmed by the degree of demand at a particular historical stage of the develop- ment of society, law, and the state.
Essence and Specifics of the Magistrate’s Court and Conciliation Proceedings
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Okhridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Mateev Mihail
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article is an attempt at a theoretical understanding of the following con- cepts: conciliation procedures, magistrate’s courts and magistrate’s justice. The research aims to analyse the genesis and nature of the models of magistrate’s justice that have de- veloped in the practice of national legal systems, and in particular in the judicial practice of the Republic of Bulgaria. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The article provides a brief historical and comparative legal analysis of well-known models of magistrate’s justice. These include foreign legislations, and countries belonging to the continental legal family and the countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal family. This made it possible to assess the diversity of the essential elements of the institute of magistrate’s justice, and highlight their main models. Results. Based on the study of the place and role of justices of the peace in the judicial sys- tem, the author concluded that there is an emergence of justice according to the principles established during the thousand-year history of the development of justice in Europe. The classification of the types of magistrate’s justice has been carried out. Alternative methods of dispute resolution, conciliation and litigation in the resolution of disputes are also con- sidered. Discussion and Conclusion. Scientific conclusions are formulated concerning the legal na- ture of the analyzed institution, and its place in the justice system.
The Unity of the Material and Procedural Elements of a Legal Entity
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation, Andreev Vladimir K. , Kondrat’ev Vladimir A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. For a long time, legal science has been discussing the understanding of a legal entity, its characteristics, its relationship with a citizen, as well as other associations of citizens and legal entities. The question of the combination of material and procedural principles in the figure of a legal entity is ambiguous. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The article was prepared using general scientific methods (systemic, logical) and special legal methods (comparative legal, formal legal). Results. The legal status of a legal entity as a participant in civil proceedings is based on the same principles and norms of law as those of a citizen. At the same time, a legal entity is a real organisation that acquires and exercises rights and assumes responsibilities through its bodies. In the context of the introduction of digital technologies into the activities of a legal entity, it is advisable to consider a legal entity as a legal device, consisting of certain elements, the main of which are civil rights and obligations that regulate the legal behavior of a legal entity. Discussion and Сonclusion. A legal entity acts in court as a plaintiff and a defendant, performing actions when there is a procedural form of violated or disputed rights. Since legal assistance to a legal entity can now be provided by persons who have documents of a higher legal education or a scientific degree in a legal specialty, it would be advisable to allow such a representative in a court session to decide for himself the choice of performing the procedural actions indicated in Part 2 of Art. 62 of the Code of Arbitration Procedure of the Russian Federation, if there is such a clause in the power of attorney.
The Generation of the Competitive Process in the Institute of Juridates in the Countries of the Common Law
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Akimov V. S.
Published: December 2021

More than 20 years have passed since the beginning of the judicial reform, which changed the judicial system that existed in the Soviet era, the position of the court and the role of representatives of the population in the process of considering and resolving a criminal case. At the same time, the comparative legal aspects of the implementation of the adversarial principle with the participation of jurors still remain insufficiently studied, since there are practically no works, with the exception of some articles by N. V. Radutnaya, such as «Trial by jury in the continental system of law», «Juror in Criminal Procedure», which raised issues related to the emergence of an adversarial model of criminal proceedings with the participation of representatives of the people. The aim of the work is to develop a theoretical understanding of the genesis of adversarial proceedings in common law countries with the participation of jurors. This goal predetermined the need to identify the historical path of the formation and development of forms of participation of representatives of the population in the administration of justice in Ancient Greece, England and the United States. Particular attention is paid to the comparison of historical features that took place in a specific period of development of the state, which later served as the basis for the reception of provisions on the adversarial form of criminal proceedings with the participation of jurors in other countries. As a methodological basis, the work used formal and logical methods (induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, hypothesis, analogy), the ascent from the abstract to the concrete, as well as some special scientific methods: historical, comparative legal, technical and legal. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the formulated conclusions, which can serve as a basis for the development of theoretical and practical provisions on the adversarial form of criminal proceedings with the participation of jurors in the Russian Federation in order to improve the current criminal procedural legislation.
Administrative Law and State Management in the Light of Constitutional Reform
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Zyuzin V. A.
Published: December 2021

Statement of the problem. The constitutional reform that took place in Russia and the actively ongoing process of constitutionalization of administrative law determine the reconciliation of traditional concepts with the Basic Law. One of these basic categories used to define the subject of administrative law is state governance. Such a correlation will help, in particular, the legislator when issuing new regulatory legal acts, and the courts when resolving administrative cases. Purpose of the study. The purpose of the work is to identify the current level of legislative consolidation of the concept of «state governance» and to determine the possibility of its use in modern constitutional and legal realities. This requires that you research the possibilities of using the concept of " state governance» in the absence of such definition in the Constitution, as well as differences from control concepts in Cybernetics, political science and Economics, and other branches of law. Methods. The study used systematic, logical, formal and legal methods. Results. According to the results of the study, conclusion was about the impossibility of distinguishing state governance as an administrative and legal category. It is also noted that it is not necessary to completely abandon the universal and traditional concept of state governance, it is important to refrain from defining the subject of administrative law with the help of this phenomenon.
Evolution of the Roman Republican Senate: Composition, Election, and Judicial functions (Part 1)
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Kofanov L. L.
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with the Roman senatus in the period from 5th to 3rd century BC, from the point of view of its composition, completion and selected competences. As to its composition, in the most arcaic times of the Roman state, the senate was an assembly of the heads of clans (patres gentium), who represented the ideas of patricians. The autor presents gradual transformation of the composition of the senate and switch towards the inclusion of the plebeians. It describes also the process of the cooptation of the members, rules of which incurred fundamental changes from the hereditary principles to the regulation given by statutes. A significant part of the article is devoted to the judicial functions of the Senate and the relationship between the iudicium senatus and the iudicium populi, the transformation of the Senate court from a regional body to the highest, global court of the entire Mediterranean. It’s noted that if the original Roman Senate de iure was the judicial authority only one of the Latin Confederation, later after 338 BC, it becomes the Supreme court of the Latin Union, and by the end of the Republic is transformed into the «Supreme Council of the world».
Legal Relations in a Pre-Trial Cooperation Agreement at the Stage of Preliminary Investigation
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Yakushev D. V.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with issues related to the emergence and termination of legal relations in the procedure of a pre-trial cooperation agreement at the stage of preliminary investigation.
Implementation of the Research and Practice Project «Settlement Arrangements in Civil and Administrative Proceedings»
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Pervukhina Svetlana I.
Published: December 2021

The Russian State University of Justice in 2020 has started the implementation of the Research and Practice Project «Conciliation procedures in civil and administrative proceedings». In 2020–2021 the Project is housed in Podolsk town court of the Moscow Region. The present article provides information on the progress and first results of Project implementation. The article makes an emphasis on practical aspects of the issue. The author analyses and overcomes challenges which occurred during the implementation of the practical part of the Project and mediation procedures on litigation cases.
Cyber-jihad in the Western Balkans
Authors: Kapsokoli Eleni
Published: December 2021

During the last two decades, the growing threat of Islamic terrorism has raised numerous security challenges for both states and non-state actors. Cyberspace is weaponized by actors who conduct malicious activities, in order to achieve their goals. Terrorist organizations reflect the darker side of cyberspace. Terrorists use cyberspace to collect data, raise funds, conduct propaganda, spread radical ideologies and hate speech as well as for the purposes of radicalization, recruitment and operational planning. Social media platforms provide a fertile ground to extend the radical ideologies, to spread terror and to connect with people who share the same views. ISIS is considered a pioneer in utilizing the benefits that cyberspace offers. The Western Balkans is a region where ISIS is recruiting foreign fighters and lone-wolves. The European Union is the driving force for the activation of Western Balkans in countering cyberterrorism and developing relevant strategies.
The Food Security Doctrine: Regional Aspects
Authors:   Arctic State Agrotechnological University, Yakutsk, Russia, RODNINA Natalya V.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses issues of the state of the agro-industrial complex of the region in connection with the need to fulfill the targets approved in January 2020 by the new edition of the Food Security Doctrine of Russia. The purpose of the study is to identify the problems of the northern region and to develop proposals for changing the situation for the successful implementation of the Doctrine. The scientific problem discussed in the article relates to the determination of the methodological foundations of the most relevant areas of agrarian policy for the current state, ensuring the implementation of the Food Security Doctrine of Russia and increasing the level of self-sufficiency of the region. The author's research develops the theory of determining the socio-economic role of effective interaction between authorities of different levels, scientific justification of the prospects for the further development of the agro-industrial complex due to the transformation of the industry development management system, innovative approach to training personnel for the agricultural sector, and introduction of new technological solutions as highly relevant. It has been established that such factors as the lack of effective interaction between the state and municipal authorities, and also the lack of young qualified personnel, whose competence meets the modern requirements, have a negative impact on the economy of agricultural production and food self-sufficiency of the region as a whole. The article draws attention to the underestimated opportunities for improving the situation in the agro-industrial complex due to a change in the scheme of interaction between the state and municipal authorities during the implementation of the program-targeted method of regulation and strategic planning, as well as the creation of a scientific and educational complex in the region for the training of competitive specialists for the agro-industrial complex. In order to improve the situation, it is necessary to consolidate the formation of a regional agricultural system on the basis of a set of similar systems developed by the municipalities themselves, based on the relevant climatic conditions, financial, material and labor resources of these areas. Besides, it is necessary to start the training of personnel for the agroindustrial complex system from school, applying new educational standards, based on scientific developments.
Spatial Organisation of Gas Resources Development in the Yamal Oil and Gas Bearing Region
Authors:   Luzin Institute for Economic Studies — Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre ", SHCHEGOLKOVA Asya A. ,   Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences",   (IES KSC RAS), Apatity, Russia
Published: December 2021

The Yamal oil and gas province (OGP) is strategically important for the Russian gas industry. In the coming decade, gas production in Yamal is expected to grow to 180–200 billion cubic meters per year. The main goal of the article is to solve a scientific problem consisting in the study of the spatial organization of the development of gas resources, determination of the rational structure of reproduction of natural gas reserves in the Yamal oil-gas-bearing region in the context of the modernization of the Arctic gas industry complex. The article assessed the gas resources of Yamal, revealed trends in the economic development of natural gas fields, presented the characteristics of investment projects based on the fields being developed. An analysis was carried out that made it possible to differentiate the deposits by the degree of their prospects, and a strategy for expanding the hydrocarbon potential of Yamal was determined. It was revealed that the main areas of production in the Yamal oil-gas-bearing region are associated with the development of deposits with a high level of Cenomanian deposits. Such deposits are characterized by a higher increase in the capitalization and profitability of investment projects in real time compared to fields located in the northern and far eastern seas, including on the shelf of the Kara Sea. It was concluded that the strategy for the reproduction of hydrocarbon potential will be aimed at conducting prospecting and exploration in order to transfer forecast resources to industrial reserves of natural gas. The study applies a general scientific methodology providing for systemic and comprehensive approaches to justify the spatial organisation of gas resources development in the Yamal oil and gas bearing region. A significant body of factual material on the state of free gas and condensate reserves in Yamal has been analyzed. The results of the research were obtained with the use of comparative-analytical, statistical methods of economic analysis.
European Union and Cooperation in the Arctic Council
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia, KIRGIZOV-BARSKIY Arseniy V.
Published: December 2021

Since 2008, the European Union has unsuccessfully tried to obtain permanent observer status in the Arctic Council, the central cooperation forum in the Arctic. The analysis shows that the EU's failures in this area are connected both with its location mostly outside of the region and remoteness from the northern realities, as well as global geopolitical tensions. However, the EU has had de facto observer ad hoc status since 2013, allowing it to participate in almost all formats of interaction in the Arctic Council. Considering this fact, the permanent observer status has rather a symbolic meaning and is equivalent to joining a kind of “privileged Arctic club”. An analysis of the EU's functioning in its relations with the Arctic Council and its members shows that the EU is ready to adapt and listen to the opinion of the Arctic countries in order to become a legitimate Arctic actor. The Arctic Council is of uneven importance for the different EU member states: Denmark, Finland and Sweden are full members, several countries are permanent observers, but most EU countries are not interested in the Arctic issues. Because of this multifaceted nature, the collective EU is more of an extra-regional player on the platform, but one with serious Arctic claims. The EU is actively working on a common Arctic policy. It is represented in the Arctic Council by the Ambassador-at-Large for Arctic Affairs, introduced in 2017, who acts in coordination with the European Commission and the member states concerned. The EU's overall approach is not unsuccessful: it has managed to engage more member states on the Arctic vector, and European expertise and input on sustainable development issues is already becoming an integral part of the AC's work and promises to evolve further.
Contributing to the knowledge of Brazilian Sphingidae diversity: the first record of Adhemarius daphne daphne Boisduval, 1785 and Amphimoea walkeri Boisduval, 1785 in South Brazil
Authors: Avila Jr. Rubem S. de , Moura Jéssica P.
Published: December 2021

Three individuals (two males and one female) of Adhemarius daphne daphne Boisduval, 1785 and an exemplar of Amphimoea walkeri Boisduval, 1785, were caught in Maquiné and Cerro Largo municipalities, respectively, indicating the first occurrence of these two taxa in the Rio Grande do Sul state, South Brazil.
Toksoplazmozė nėštumo metu. Klinikinis atvejis ir literatūros apžvalga
Authors: Vasiljevaite Diana , Machtejevienė Eglė
Published: December 2021

Toksoplazmozė – viena labiausiai paplitusių infekcijų pasaulyje, kurios sukėlėju Toxoplasma gondii yra užsikrėtę apie trečdalis visos populiacijos. Daugiau kaip pusė užsikrėtimo atvejų infekcija yra besimptomė arba gali sukelti nespecifinius simptomus. Įgimta tokosplazmozė – viena dažniausių įgimtų infekcijų pasaulyje ir pagal dažnį nusileidžia tik įgimtai citomegaloviruso infekcijai (CMV). Vaisiui ir naujagimiui gali sukelti centrinės nervų sistemos ir regos pažeidimus. Dėl didelio toksoplazmozės paplitimo, dažnų besimptomių arba lengvos klinikos atvejų bei sunkių komplikacijų vaisiui ir naujagimiui, itin svarbu laiku pastebėti galimus infekcijos požymius nėštumo laikotarpiu. Šiame straipsnyje aptariame klinikinį įgimtos toksoplazmozės atvejį ir antenatalinio tyrimo ir gydymo galimybes.
A Review on Novel Analytical Method Development and Validation by RP-HPLC Method
Authors: Suyash Gupta  , Preeti Verma  , Abhinav Prasoon Mishra  , Nainshi Omar  , Riya Mathur
Published: December 2021

A simple, precise, accurate, specific and RP-HPLC method was developed for determination of drug inpharmaceutical formulation. Analytical method development and validation play important roles in thedrug discovery, drug development and manufacture of pharmaceuticals. It involves detection of the purityand toxicity of a drug substance. The present study focuses on the various steps, parameters involved inHPLC condition. It can be adopted apparently for routine quality control study of research and formulationtests. This article mainly focuses on the optimization of HPLC conditions and other important aspectsduring method of process development and validation of drug substances. The main objective of this reviewis to elaborate the novel analytical techniques utilized in method development and validation of variedpharmaceuticals because it is extremely much significant for the steadiness, efficacy and quality of thedrug product. Various validation parameters like accuracy, specificity, precision, linearity, LOD, LOQ,ruggedness, and robustness also are listed concerning ICH Guidelines. Validation is extremely much usefulfor the standard control and quality assurance of pharmaceuticals and therefore the safety of patients.
Winter resistance and frost resistance of representatives of the genus Cotinus Mill. in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Oksantyuk Valentina , Koldar Larysa
Published: December 2021

Aim. The goal is to assess the winter and frost resistance of plants of representatives of the genus Cotinus Mill. from the collection of the National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Botanical Garden named after Academician Alexander Fomin of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Methods. The frost resistance of plants was investigated in the laboratory of plant physiology of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, by the method of direct freezing of shoots during the period of forced dormancy of plants. The intensity of damage (browning) of tissues on transverse sections of shoots was assessed using a six-point scale by M. A. Solov'eva (1982). The objects of study were plants C. obovatus Raf., C. coggygria Scop., C. coggygria 'Royal Purple', C. coggygria 'Purpurea'. Winter hardiness was assessed visually on an eight-point scale by S. Ia. Sokolov, (1957). Results. According to estimates of the general freezing of plants in the winter period of 2014–2020, minor injuries were found in all representatives of the genus Cotinus, which were estimated at 1–2 points. The results of experimental studies of plant frost resistance showed that in most variants of the experiment, the tissues of the upper internode and buds froze more. The tissues of the medial part of the shoot turned out to be the most resistant to freezing. According to the results of artificial freeze testing of cut shoots of C. coggygria and C. coggygria 'Royal Purple", sampled in the period of forced dormancy of plants, insignificant tissue damage was revealed at freezing temperature of –25 °С and –30 °С (0.63–1.70), only at temperature of –35 °C, the score of bark damage was 2.3–2.5 points. Conclusions. The low temperatures of the winter period of the study area cannot be considered as limiting abiotic factors that limit the widespread use of the studied representatives of the genus Cotinus in landscape construction. The high potential of frost and winter hardiness of the studied taxa gives grounds to test them in the more northern regions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine to create garden and park compositions, because due to high decorative flowering and specific crown shape they have an attractive appearance in both group and solitary plantations.
YABANCILARA DİL ÖĞRETİMİNDE TEKNOLOJİNİN KULLANIMI: BİR KARMA-META YÖNTEMİ
Authors: BATDI Veli
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada, yabancılara dil öğretiminde teknolojinin kullanımına yönelik uygulamaların karma-meta ile analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, karma-meta yöntem, meta-analiz ve meta-tematik analiz süreçlerinden yararlanılarak doküman analizine dayalı nicel ve nitel verilerin incelenmesini içermektedir. Meta-analiz için belirli veri tabanlarından dâhil edilme kriterleri çerçevesinde ulaşılan çalışmalar CMA ve MetaWin programlarıyla analiz edilmiştir. Analiz kapsamına alınan 7 çalışmadaki 28 verinin etki büyüklüğü g = 1.196 olarak muazzam düzeyde bulunmuş ve ilgili teknoloji destekli uygulamaların yabancılara dil öğretimini pozitif yönde etki ettiği şeklinde yorumlanmıştır. Meta-analiz sürecinin güvenirliğine ilişkin çeşitli hesaplamalar yapılarak güvenirlik değerleri elde edilmiştir. Meta-tematik analiz bağlamında ise yine belirlenen kriterler çerçevesinde doküman analizine dayalı olarak ulaşılan 9 çalışma, içerik analizine göre Maxqda programıyla analiz edilmiş, belli tema ve kodlar elde edilmiştir. Yabancılara dil öğretiminde teknolojinin kullanımına yönelik uygulamaların dil becerilerine, başarıya ve öğrenme ortamına etkisi ile bu uygulamalara ilişkin engeller ve çözüm önerileri temalarına ulaşılmıştır. İlgili temalar altındaki kodlara ilişkin uyum değerleri hesaplanarak iyi düzeyde uyum bulunmuştur. Araştırma bulguları, meta-analiz ve meta-tematik analiz bulgularının ortak noktada buluştuğunu ve teknoloji destekli uygulamaların yabancılara dil öğretimi üzerinde çeşitli yönlerde olumlu etkisinin olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Araştırmada, yabancılara dil öğretiminde kullanılan teknolojik uygulamalardaki sorunlara ilişkin öneriler sunulmuştur.
A hospitalização domiciliária como fator facilitador no processo de transição saúde/doença
Authors: Santos Júlia , Silva Alexandre Miguel , Pereira Licínio , Fonseca Paula , Silva Mónica , Príncipe Fernanda , Mota Liliana
Published: December 2021

Enquadramento: a Hospitalização Domiciliária (HD) foi criada como alternativa ao internamento convencional e pretende-se que seja um modelo de prestação de cuidados tendo por missão contribuir para o melhor nível de saúde e bem-estar da pessoa doente, que necessitem transitoriamente de cuidados de nível hospitalar, com enfoque na promoção da autonomia e recuperação funcional da pessoa. Objetivos: compreender o processo de transição saúde/doença da pessoa em HD. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo e descritivo. A amostra foi selecionada por conveniência e de forma intencional. A recolha de dados foi efetuada através da realização de um focus group, composto por cinco enfermeiros especialistas a exercer funções em unidades de hospitalização domiciliária distintas da região norte e centro do país. Resultados: emergiram quatro categorias: Critérios de admissão, Benefícios da HD, Dificuldades na implementação de HD e Intervenções de Enfermagem. Conclusão: como terapêuticas de enfermagem à pessoa em HD salienta-se a capacitação da pessoa/cuidador através do ensino personalizado, a eficácia na gestão do regime terapêutico, a prevenção de quedas e a promoção do autocuidado. Com a implementação destas terapêuticas facilita-se os processos de transição saúde/doença, com impacto significativo na melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas alvo de HD