bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithm for implementing the import substitution strategy when exploiting hydrocarbons on the Arctic shelf of the Russian Federation
Authors: Tsukerman V , Fadeev A , Kozlov A
Published: August 2019

The development of an algorithm for implementing the import substitution strategy related to the exploitation of oil and gas fields on the Arctic shelf of the Russian Federation requires full-scale state regulation aimed at reducing dependence on technologies and the corresponding equipment of the global oil and gas business. Dependence on imported technologies in recent years has contributed to the lag and slowdown in the creation of domestic innovative technologies and related equipment as well as the loss of competitive advantages. The work formulates the principles for the formation of the import substitution strategy when exploiting oil and gas fields on the Arctic shelf which encompass the problems of scientific justification, legal regulation, systemic character, adaptability, innovative development, efficiency, economy, maintenance and growth of product quality, the need for process informatization and active use of workforce as well as environmental safety. An exemplary algorithm for implementing the strategy of import substitution when exploiting hydrocarbons on the Arctic shelf is presented and its stages are considered. The proposed algorithm for implementing the strategy of import substitution when exploiting hydrocarbons on the Arctic shelf will increase the number of factors of the Russian Arctic development and is an important basis for involvement of industrial enterprises, exploration and research organizations to production of innovative goods and services. As a result it will serve as an incentive for industrial, infrastructural and socio-economic development of the Arctic territory.
Method of Astronomical Design of Arctic Roads
Authors: Pegin P A
Published: August 2019

A method of designing roads, based on Arctic territories is described. Results of GPS-shooting are used for consideration of effect of sun blinding (SBE) of drivers and determination of dangerous because of sun sectors of road. Design of the road is held in special original software. When the road plan is designed, they consider SGE as a choice of such an azimuth of a road, within which the period of SBE would be minimal. Derivation of a road plan takes into consideration azimuth and meridian of specific road sectors in the Arctic. Geodesic position of main points of a road is specified on the basis of GPS-shooting. Azimuths of straight sectors of a road are calculated upon the points mentioned above. Apart from direction of the road azimuth, longitudinal slope, latitude and longitude of road track effect SGE. Introduction of given variables values is taken into account by the software to adjust the date and time of SGE on the surveyed section of the road. The values of all azimuthal coordinates are set in degrees and minutes in specially designated text fields under each graph. The aim of the method is to increase road safety, taking into consideration reduction of the negative impact of solar glare on the driver’s visual organs, which reduces visibility distance and attention-shifting; narrows eyeshot, etc. Under SBE conditions, the driver focuses on a small field of vision located in the course of movement and ignores outlying information. The method takes into account all the factors affecting driving of a vehicle in the conditions of SBE. Application of the method of astronomical design allows to develop operational measures to reduce the accident rate in sun-hazardous areas.
Analysis of trends and performance of CSR mining companies
Authors: Marinina O
Published: August 2019

Concept of social responsibility has become part of the strategic management theory; interaction with stakeholders is becoming an object of control, the categories of relationship and social capital are being formed and developed, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) is morphing into corporate responsibility. This modern approach is aimed at creating a relationship of trust with stakeholders, which helps to contribute to the development of both the local community and the country, as well as to the sustainable development of both the company and the national economy. The main characteristics of mining companies operating in mineral-extracting countries are their significant contribution to GDP and tax revenues, the influence of many unfavourable factors on the workers and the need to compensate for their effects, and a high level of human impact on the environment. All this determines the importance of ensuring their sustainable development and designing a strategy and mechanisms of interaction with society based on corporate social responsibility. The purpose of the study is to justify a systematic approach to corporate responsibility management in the development strategies of mining companies. In the article examines the position of CSR in the activities of mining companies, justifies the need for the transition to a proactive approach in the field of managing corporate social responsibility of mining companies.
The Problems and prospects of increasing the level of economic security of the coastal Arctic regions on the basis of the European experience
Authors: Kondratovich D L , Ulchenko M V , Krapivin D S
Published: August 2019

The article systematizes information on approaches to economic security on the example of a number of countries. It is established that economic security in many countries is understood as a way to confront internal and external threats in order to ensure conditions aimed at protecting the economic interests of countries on the basis of effective use of competitive advantages. This article presents an analysis of the experience of European countries in the formation of financial, organizational, institutional and legal framework to ensure the economic security of these countries. The possibilities of cooperation between the Russian Federation and European institutions in the new geopolitical conditions, which significantly affect the strategic vector of economic development and security of the Russian Federation, as well as the conditions for the creation of an effective system of security in the economic, political and military spheres, are also considered. Based on the analysis of international experience, the study of materials and research results on strategic partnership in the field of interregional cooperation in order to strengthen economic security, the key factors that can be the basis of such cooperation are identified. The conclusions about the need to ensure an effective state policy in the field of regional security, taking into account the importance of the territory and priority areas. Such priorities should include: the determination of the competence of the regional bodies of state power and bodies of local self-government; aspects of improving the quality of life of the inhabitants of the Arctic coastal regions; efficient use of local resources in the framework of interregional projects and programmes; effective mechanisms of state support aimed at regional integration.
Development of transport infrastructure in the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation from the position provisions of national security
Authors: Yu Kozmenko S , Ulchenko M V
Published: August 2019

The value of the Arctic regions, for contemporary Russia it is difficult to overestimate the enormous natural resource, geopolitical, and socio-economic potential makes them an area of strategic interests. It is in the Arctic that the main reserves of oil, natural gas, nickel, copper, diamonds, iron, tin, zinc, tungsten, coal and uranium are concentrated. The study revealed that the development of transport infrastructure in the Arctic regions is a priority direction of the implemented “National security strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020“. At the same time, the main purpose of the implementation of this paragraph of the Strategy is to increase the efficiency of industrial development of the Arctic regions, as well as the creation of favorable conditions for improving their socio-economic development. To achieve this goal, it is planned to create a single Arctic transport system, the key element of which will be the Northern sea route. The paper analyzes the state of the main types of transport represented in the regions of the Russian Arctic – road, water, air, rail and pipeline. Being in fact a kind of tool for the implementation of regional and national economic interests, the transport sector plays a key role in the development of these territories, allowing the delivery of raw materials and products to markets. The analysis of transport infrastructure of the Arctic areas showed their moral and physical obsolescence. Despite the fact that the volume of freight traffic transportation by sea in Russia is insignificant, the growth rate of traffic on the Northern sea route in 2018 is impressive.
Impact of global and regional factors on dynamics of industrial development of hydrocarbons in the Arctic continental shelf and on investment attractiveness of energy projects
Authors: Kozmenko S , Saveliev A , Teslya A
Published: August 2019

The article considers problems and trends in industrial development of hydrocarbons in the continental shelf of the Russian Arctic Zone. We have provided a general description for the dynamics of industrial development of hydrocarbons in the Arctic continental shelf, including the Prirazlomnoye oil field. We have established that the pace of industrial development of the continental shelf depends on two interrelated trends, i.e., the drive for intensified industrial development of hydrocarbons and the current level of socio-economic development of Russia and the Arctic territories. We have systematized the factors that heavily affect the dynamics of development of the Arctic continental shelf and reduce the attractiveness of investment projects in industrial development of hydrocarbons on the shelf. We have confirmed that socio-economic efficiency of shelf deposit development in the Arctic should to be assessed comprehensively, which is impossible without organizing systematic integrated assessment of resources, the state of the environment, the projected technical and economic indicators and environmental consequences of development of shelf deposits. Furthermore, economic assessment has to be carried out for positive and negative externalities arising from industrial development of hydrocarbons in the continental shelf, affecting the socio-economic status of the population of the Arctic regions, health and quality of life.
Comparative study of socio-economic barriers to development of digital competences during formation of human capital in Russian Arctic
Authors: Kozlov A , Kankovskaya A , Teslya A , Zharov V
Published: August 2019

The article is dedicated to analysis of problems and barriers hindering the development of human capital in the Arctic region, starting from the stage when skills and abilities, in particular those connected to digital competences and information and communication technologies, are acquired by future professionals throughout modern higher education. We have presented the results for a target group comprising students of the Murmansk Arctic State University (Apatity Branch). We have carried out a survey of the target group, including via the online GoogleForms service, analyzing the answers given by the respondents. Analysis of the results allowed to identify the socio-economic barriers hindering the development of digital competences. We have provided the results of comparative analysis with the previously obtained characteristics of students of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, finding both similarities and differences in certain aspects of formation of digital competences of the respondents of the two given regions.
Governmental Regulation of Territorial Development: the Arctic Privileges and Preferences
Authors: Kobylinskaya G , Barasheva T , Dyadik N , Chapargina A
Published: August 2019

The study assesses the existing and developed regulatory acts governing the socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic. Benefits and preferences are analyzed with the identification of support objects: population and economic activities. It is concluded that the compensatory function of the existing “northern” system of benefits and preferences to the population is insufficient, which is confirmed by the growing demographic problems and the shortage of labour resources. In relation to economic activities, it is found that the “Arctic” factor is absent. The governmental support to economic development is focused on identification of special areas (single-industry towns, new development regions, etc.) or certain types of economic activities. The main tool of the governmental support is the state programs, the major lack of which is strict financial dependency of their implementation on budgets of various levels, especially the federal one. Possibilities of the regional authorities are limited. Therefore the system of the “Arctic privileges” is oriented to the precision of the problems’ solutions and is of time limited, unstable nature. For achieving balanced development of the Russian Arctic regions when developing the system of privileges and preferences it is recommended to take into consideration specificities of the regions.
Specificity of Issuing Environmental Permissions to Mining Companies in the Federative States including the Arctic Ones
Authors: Ivanova L
Published: August 2019

Exploitation of various types of minerals is one of the main economy sectors in many countries. The mining industry and its impact on the environment are regulated by the state. Besides, in every country, though this sphere is economically important, recently, the environmental component also acquires increasing importance. This is especially true for the Arctic regions, whose ecosystems are especially fragile. For mining companies, environmental responsibility is a prerequisite for image success in the international context. The purpose of issuing permits for any mining activity is to avoid, limit, control or compensate for environmental damage that may arise from such activities. State authorities provide licenses, including making decisions about the feasibility of projects basing on a potential threat to the environment. Permits are issued in all countries, but in federal states it is complicated by multi-level administration. Studies show that, despite this fact, the efficiency of issuing permits varies from country to country, does not directly depend on the complexity of management, but is determined by other factors. Setting clear time limits for the tasks of agencies of different levels and competences in the considered countries and simplifying the procedure helps to eliminate delays in issuing various permits for mining projects.
The synchronicity phenomenon of trends of income tax and population savings in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Dyadik N , Chapargina A
Published: August 2019

The article attempts to assess the impact of an existing tax burden on an individual’s standard of living and the possibility to savings, as well as to determine the trajectory of changes in the level of tax burden and population savings. The regions of the Russian Arctic were chosen as the research object, since, the harsh environmental conditions, the compensation for living expenses of the population is significantly higher than in other regions of the Russian Federation. The differentiation of incomes of the Arctic population and the structure of incomes using are analyzed for research of the phenomenon of synchronism of the trajectories these indicators. The measure the cost of living of northerners has been carried out. The relationship between the standard of living, the dynamics of savings and the tax burden has been established. Based on the author’s methodological approach, the maximum possible tax burden is determined, which reflects the maximum level of the tax rate in comparison with the income of individual residing in the region of the Arctic zone. Proposals for the introduction of innovations in the individual tax system for the fair distribution of tax burdens in conditions of increased discomfort of people live are formed.
Environmental status of continental shelf in the Pechora Sea: analysis and recommendations
Authors: Agarkov S , Matviishin D , Gutman S
Published: August 2019

We have assessed the hydrocarbon reserves, including oil, in the waters of the Arctic seas of the Russian Federation. We have considered current projects for extraction of hydrocarbons in the Pechora Sea at the Prirazlomnoye field. We have carried out comprehensive analysis of environmental issues related to operation of oil exploration facilities, describing the prospects for development of offshore hydrocarbon fields on the continental shelf of the Pechora Sea. The valuable ecosystem components of the Pechora sea have been characterized. We have discussed the set of measures developed for reducing environmental risks: organizing a three-tier automated system for oil spill response in any situation, including emergency; using the “zero discharge” approach, in which all human and industrial waste is collected in special closed containers transported to the shore for disposal; vessels of the auxiliary fleet are equipped with the appropriate equipment enabling them to be directly eliminate emergency oil spills; annual oil spill response (OSR) exercises are held; since the terminal is located in a permafrost region, the oil storage tanks were built with double walls (the tank-in-tank principle), which virtually eliminates the risks of oil spills. We have formulated recommendations for maintaining sustainable environmental status of the continental shelf of the Pechora Sea.
Problems of psychophysiological status of human capital in the cyclic conditions of Arctic
Authors: Bashkireva T , Bashkireva A , Severin A , Morozov A
Published: August 2019

The problem of studying the psychophysiological status of labor resources, carrying out their professional activities in the complex cyclical conditions of the Arctic latitudes, is extremely important. The human research and his work activities are being actively developed in various areas of the medical, biological and psychological sciences. However, a systematic study of the psychophysiological status of human capital in the cyclical conditions of the Arctic, using its scientific terminology, has been identified individually. In this connection, it remains unclear whether the mechanism of integral adaptation to the conditions of the complex effect of stress factors of different nature, important for identifying the psycho-physiological status and psychological portrait of human capital in the special cyclical conditions of the Arctic. In the studied literature, we have not encountered a synergistic approach to the problems under study. It should be understood that human resources were not considered as a dissipative system and therefore we see in the results only the principle of determinism, but not the fractal one. The obtained information about the psychophysiological problems of human capital in the cyclical conditions of professional activity is necessary to create areas of medical and environmental monitoring of the Arctic.
Features of color mentality of the indigenous small nationalities of the Arctic (on the example of the analysis of the traditional Khanty people costume)
Authors: Bakieva O A , Popova O A
Published: August 2019

The relevance of the presented research is connected with the problem of preserving the mentality, cultural traditions and way of life of small peoples of the Arctic (using the example of the Khanty). In this regard, the most interesting direction of research for us is the symbolism of color in the culture of these peoples, since the color carried a certain sacred meaning, revealing the features of the ethnic groups living in this region. During the study of the color mentality of the ethnic group, chromatic combinations of the traditional female costume of the Khanty were analyzed. According to the authors, the language of color is a non-verbal means of communication; it serves to understand the mentality by interpreting signs and symbols expressed in traditional costumes, symbolically embodying the cosmological model of traditional society. Based on the psychodiagnosis of Max Lüscher, it was found out how much the color preferences in the art of traditional costume reveal the national peculiarities of character and emotional state. To conduct a comparative analysis, the color criteria system has been developed, including primary colors, colors in ornamental symbols and color accents. The authors study the color symbolism in the costume through ethno-psychology, which allows to make sure that the color mentality of the few indigenous Northern ethnic groups of the Khanty is correct. It follows from this that the color mentality of an ethnos expresses a vital position, value orientations, ideological and behavioral stereotypes based on the peculiarities of the emotional state and psyche, which are characteristic of this ethnic group. Thanks to the study of color mentality in the decorative and applied art of the northern, eastern and southern Khanty, the authors revealed not only the peculiarity of the national character and worldview, but also revealed the distinctive features of this people. In this regard, the most interesting area of research for us is the symbolism of color in the culture of these peoples, as the color carried a certain sacred semantic load, revealing the characteristics of the ethnic groups living in this region.
Reducing air travel does not impact academic productivity, claims study
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: August 2019

Flying to ever-more far-flung scientific meetings and locations does not make you a more productive scientist with better citations on your papers.
African synchrotron proposal to be discussed at key meeting
Authors: Makoni Munyaradzi
Published: August 2019

Plans for a synchrotron-light source in Africa are set to be discussed this month when heads of state descend on Niger for an African Union meeting.
Exploring the far side
Authors: Xin Ling
Published: August 2019

The far side of the Moon remained an untouched territory until a Chinese lander, called Chang’e-4, touched down in the region earlier this year. Ling Xin examines the consequences for our understanding of Earth’s nearest neighbour
Microbes and the Moon
Authors: Hill-King Michael
Published: August 2019

After watching the 2018 film First Man – which depicts eight years in the life of astronaut Neil Armstrong leading up to the legendary Apollo 11 mission – my wife, who is a microbiologist, remarked to me that she hadn’t realized that the astronauts were quarantined.
KRAB ZNF explorer—the online tool for the exploration of the transcriptomic profiles of KRAB-ZNF factors in The Cancer Genome Atlas
Authors: Cylwa Rafał , Kiełczewski Kornel , Machnik Marta , Oleksiewicz Urszula , Biecek Przemysław
Published: August 2019

Krüppel-associated box domain zinc finger protein (KRAB ZNF) explorer is a web-based tool for comprehensive characterization of the mRNA expression status of KRAB-ZNF transcription factors in the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas study. Key functionalities cover a comparative analysis of KRAB-ZNF expression between normal and cancer tissues, an association of KRAB-ZNF expression with various pathological features, including survival analysis, association with global DNA methylation status, analyses of KRAB-ZNF isoform expressions and analysis of KRAB-ZNF levels in normal tissues.

Availability and implementation

KRAB ZNF explorer is available at http://mi2.mini.pw.edu.pl: 8080/KRAB_ZNF/. The source code for shiny application is available at: https://github.com/MI2DataLab/KRAB_ZNF/tree/master/app and the source code for analyses and precalculations are available at: https://github.com/MI2DataLab/KRAB_ZNF/tree/master/work
CNVRanger: association analysis of CNVs with gene expression and quantitative phenotypes
Authors: da Silva Vinicius , Ramos Marcel , Groenen Martien , Crooijmans Richard , Johansson Anna , Regitano Luciana , Coutinho Luiz , Zimmer Ralf , Waldron Levi , Geistlinger Ludwig
Published: August 2019

Copy number variation (CNV) is a major type of structural genomic variation that is increasingly studied across different species for association with diseases and production traits. Established protocols for experimental detection and computational inference of CNVs from SNP array and next-generation sequencing data are available. We present the CNVRanger R/Bioconductor package which implements a comprehensive toolbox for structured downstream analysis of CNVs. This includes functionality for summarizing individual CNV calls across a population, assessing overlap with functional genomic regions, and genome-wide association analysis with gene expression and quantitative phenotypes.

Availability and implementation

http://bioconductor.org/packages/CNVRanger.
Interindividual variation and consistency of migratory behavior in the Eurasian woodcock
Authors: Tedeschi Alessandro , Sorrenti Michele , Bottazzo Michele , Spagnesi Mario , Telletxea Ibon , Ibàñez Ruben , Tormen Nicola , De Pascalis Federico , Guidolin Laura , Rubolini Diego
Published: August 2019

Diverse spatio-temporal aspects of avian migration rely on relatively rigid endogenous programs. However, flexibility in migratory behavior may allow effective coping with unpredictable variation in ecological conditions that can occur during migration. We aimed at characterizing inter- and intraindividual variation of migratory behavior in a forest-dwelling wader species, the Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola, focusing on spatio-temporal consistency across repeated migration episodes. By satellite-tracking birds from their wintering sites along the Italian peninsula to their breeding areas, we disclosed a remarkable variability in migration distances, with some birds flying more than 6,000 km to Central Asian breeding grounds (up to 101°E). Prebreeding migration was faster and of shorter duration than postbreeding migration. Birds moving over longer distances migrated faster during prebreeding migration, and those breeding at northernmost latitudes left their wintering areas earlier. Moreover, birds making longer migrations departed earlier from their breeding sites. Breeding site fidelity was very high, whereas fidelity to wintering areas increased with age. Migration routes were significantly consistent, both among repeated migration episodes and between pre- and postbreeding migration. Prebreeding migration departure date was not significantly repeatable, whereas arrival date to the breeding areas was highly repeatable. Hence, interindividual variation in migratory behavior of woodcocks was mostly explained by the location of the breeding areas, and spatial consistency was relatively large through the entire annual cycle. Flexibility in prebreeding migration departure date may suggest that environmental effects have a larger influence on temporal than on spatial aspects of migratory behavior.
Antithrombotic therapy and major adverse limb events in patients with chronic lower extremity arterial disease: systematic review and meta-analysis from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy in Collaboration with the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Authors: Savarese Gianluigi , Reiner Martin F , Uijl Alicia , D’Amario Domenico , Agewall Stefan , Atar Dan , Baumgartner Iris , Borghi Claudio , De Carlo Marco , Drexel Heinz , Kaski Juan Carlos , Kjeldsen Keld P , Kucher Nils , Lund Lars H , Niessner Alexander , Semb Anne Grete , Schmidt Thomas A , Sulzgruber Patrick , Tamargo Juan , Vitale Cristiana , Wassmann Sven , Aboyans Victor , Lewis Basil S
Published: August 2019

Aims

The role and selection of antithrombotic therapy to improve limb outcomes in chronic lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) is still debated. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic and more intense antithrombotic therapy on limb outcomes and limb salvage in patients with chronic LEAD.

Methods and results

Study inclusion criteria were: enrolment of patients with LEAD, randomized allocation to more vs. less intense antithrombotic therapy [more vs. less intense single-antiplatelet therapy (SAPT); dual-antiplatelet therapy vs. SAPT; dual antithrombotic therapy vs. SAPT or oral anticoagulant]; enrolment of ≥200 patients; reporting of at least one of following outcomes: limb amputation or revascularization. Seven randomized studies enrolling 30 447 patients were included. Over a median follow-up of 24 months, more vs. less intense antithrombotic therapy or placebo significantly reduced the risk of limb revascularization [relative risk (RR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83–0.94] and limb amputation (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.46–0.86), as well as stroke (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.70–0.97). There was no statistically significant effect on the risk of myocardial infarction (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.87–1.11), all-cause (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86–1.01), and cardiovascular death (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.86–1.08). Risk of major bleeding increased (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.44).

Conclusion

In patients with LEAD, more intense antithrombotic therapy reduces the risk of limb amputation and revascularization as well as stroke with an increase in the risk of bleeding events.
Oral health-related quality of life in orthodontics: a cross-sectional multicentre study on patients in orthodontic treatment
Authors: Paes da Silva Susie , Pitchika Vinay , Baumert Uwe , Wehrbein Heinrich , Schwestka-Polly Rainer , Drescher Dieter , Kühnisch Jan , Wichelhaus Andrea
Published: August 2019

Objective

This study aimed to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in relation to associated covariates in orthodontic patients of different age groups (children, adolescents, and adults) in a cross-sectional study.

Methods

A total of 898 subjects (50.6% females, 49.4% males; mean age 16.89 years) undergoing orthodontic treatment anonymously completed the German version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G14) to assess OHRQoL in addition to completing 23 other items. Descriptive, exploratory statistical analysis and multiple linear regression modelling were performed.

Results

The mean score of the OHIP-G14 was 8.3 for the 6- to 11-year olds, 8.9 for the 12- to 17-year olds, and 12.6 for adults. Physical pain (Subscale 2) was the highest factor in all groups. Additionally, a relevant factor was Subscale 3 (psychological discomfort). A linear regression model showed that, in the adolescent group, aesthetics in combination with pain had a significant negative influence on OHRQoL, whereas, in the adult group, function in combination with pain showed the same significant negative influence. Second, except for the children, fixed appliances had a significant negative effect on OHRQoL compared to removable appliances.

Conclusions

Our study showed that the majority of the 6- to 11-year olds and 12- to 17-year olds reported a good OHRQoL. Nevertheless, adolescents and adults who reported aesthetic/pain and function/pain problems, respectively, as reasons for orthodontic treatment showed a significant occurrence for reduced OHRQoL. Fixed appliances, in comparison with removable appliances, also resulted in a significant reduction in OHRQoL for both groups.
Enhanced tomato plant growth in soil under reduced P supply through microbial inoculants and microbiome shifts
Authors: Eltlbany Namis , Baklawa Mohamed , Ding Guo-Chun , Nassal Dinah , Weber Nino , Kandeler Ellen , Neumann Günter , Ludewig Uwe , van Overbeek Leo , Smalla Kornelia
Published: August 2019

Soil microbial communities interact with roots, affecting plant growth and nutrient acquisition. In the present study, we aimed to decipher the effects of the inoculants Trichoderma harzianum T-22, Pseudomonas sp. DSMZ 13134, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 or Pseudomonas sp. RU47 on the rhizosphere microbial community and their beneficial effects on tomato plants grown in moderately low phosphorous soil under greenhouse conditions. We analyzed the plant mass, inoculant colony forming units and rhizosphere communities on 15, 22, 29 and 43 days after sowing. Selective plating showed that the bacterial inoculants had a good rhizocompetence and accelerated shoot and root growth and nutrient accumulation. 16S rRNA gene fingerprints indicated changes in the rhizosphere bacterial community composition. Amplicon sequencing revealed that rhizosphere bacterial communities from plants treated with bacterial inoculants were more similar to each other and distinct from those of the control and the Trichoderma inoculated plants at harvest time, and numerous dynamic taxa were identified. In conclusion, likely both, inoculants and the rhizosphere microbiome shifts, stimulated early plant growth mainly by improved spatial acquisition of available nutrients via root growth promotion. At harvest, all tomato plants were P-deficient, suggesting a limited contribution of inoculants and the microbiome shifts to the solubilization of sparingly soluble soil P.
BFF: Bayesian, Fiducial, Frequentist Analysis of Age Effects in Daily Diary Data
Authors: Neupert Shevaun D , Hannig Jan
Published: August 2019

Objectives

We apply new statistical models to daily diary data to advance both methodological and conceptual goals. We examine age effects in within-person slopes in daily diary data and introduce Generalized Fiducial Inference (GFI), which provides a compromise between frequentist and Bayesian inference. We use daily stressor exposure data across six domains to generate within-person emotional reactivity slopes with daily negative affect. We test for systematic age differences and similarities in these reactivity slopes, which are inconsistent in previous research.

Method

One hundred and eleven older (aged 60–90) and 108 younger (aged 18–36) adults responded to daily stressor and negative affect questions each day for eight consecutive days, resulting in 1,438 total days. Daily stressor domains included arguments, avoided arguments, work/volunteer stressors, home stressors, network stressors, and health-related stressors.

Results

Using Bayesian, GFI, and frequentist paradigms, we compared results for the six stressor domains with a focus on interpreting age effects in within-person reactivity. Multilevel models suggested null age effects in emotional reactivity across each of the paradigms within the domains of avoided arguments, work/volunteer stressors, home stressors, and health-related stressors. However, the models diverged with respect to null age effects in emotional reactivity to arguments and network stressors.

Discussion

The three paradigms converged on null age effects in reactivity for four of the six stressor domains. GFI is a useful tool that provides additional information when making determinations regarding null age effects in within-person slopes. We provide the code for readers to apply these models to their own data.
Using Lean Six Sigma to improve rates of day of surgery admission in a national thoracic surgery department
Authors: Brown Rachel , Grehan Petra , Brennan Marie , Carter Denise , Brady Aoife , Moore Eoin , Teeling SeÁn Paul , Ward Marie , Eaton Donna
Published: August 2019

Objective

The aim of this study is to improve rates of day of surgery admission (DOSA) for all suitable elective thoracic surgery patients.

Design

Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methods were used to enable improvements to both the operational process and the organizational working of the department over a period of 19 months.

Setting

A national thoracic surgery department in a large teaching hospital in Ireland.

Participants

Thoracic surgery staff, patients and quality improvement staff at the hospital.

Intervention(s)

LSS methods were employed to identify and remove the non-value-add in the patient’s journey and achieve higher levels of DOSA. A pre-surgery checklist and Thoracic Planning Meeting were introduced to support a multidisciplinary approach to enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), reduce rework, improve list efficiency and optimize bed management.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

To achieve DOSA for all suitable elective thoracic surgery patients in line with the National Key Performance Indicator of 75%. A secondary outcome would be to further decrease overall length of stay by 1 day.

Results

Over a 19 month period, DOSA has increased from 10 to 75%. Duplication of preoperative tests reduced from 83 to <2%. Staff and patient surveys show increased satisfaction and improved understanding of ERAS.

Conclusions

Using LSS methods to improve both operational process efficiency and organizational clinical processes led to the successful achievement of increasing rates of DOSA in line with national targets.
NuGrid stellar data set – III. Updated low-mass AGB models and s-process nucleosynthesis with metallicities Z= 0.01, Z = 0.02, and Z = 0.03
Authors: Battino U , Tattersall A , Lederer-Woods C , Herwig F , Denissenkov P , Hirschi R , Trappitsch R , den Hartogh J W , Pignatari M ,   (The NuGrid Collaboration†)
Published: August 2019

The production of the neutron-capture isotopes beyond iron that we observe today in the Solar system is the result of the combined contribution of the r-process, the s-process, and possibly the i-process. Low-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) (1.5 < M/M⊙ < 3) and massive (M > 10 M⊙) stars have been identified as the main site of the s-process. In this work we consider the evolution and nucleosynthesis of low-mass AGB stars. We provide an update of the NuGrid Set models, adopting the same general physics assumptions but using an updated convective-boundary-mixing model accounting for the contribution from internal gravity waves. The combined data set includes the initial masses MZAMS/M⊙ = 2, 3 for Z = 0.03, 0.02, 0.01. These new models are computed with the mesa stellar code and the evolution is followed up to the end of the AGB phase. The nucleosynthesis was calculated for all isotopes in post-processing with the NuGrid mppnp code. The convective-boundary-mixing model leads to the formation of a 13C-pocket three times wider compared to the one obtained in the previous set of models, bringing the simulation results now in closer agreement with observations. Using these new models, we discuss the potential impact of other processes inducing mixing, like rotation, adopting parametric models compatible with theory and observations. Complete yield data tables, derived data products, and online analytic data access are provided.
Targeting reduced mitochondrial DNA quantity as a therapeutic approach in pediatric high-grade gliomas
Authors: Shen Han , Yu Man , Tsoli Maria , Chang Cecilia , Joshi Swapna , Liu Jie , Ryall Scott , Chornenkyy Yevgen , Siddaway Robert , Hawkins Cynthia , Ziegler David S
Published: August 2019

Background

Despite increased understanding of the genetic events underlying pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs), therapeutic progress is static, with poor understanding of nongenomic drivers. We therefore investigated the role of alterations in mitochondrial function and developed an effective combination therapy against pHGGs.

Methods

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was measured in a cohort of 60 pHGGs. The implication of mtDNA alteration in pHGG tumorigenesis was studied and followed by an efficacy investigation using patient-derived cultures and orthotopic xenografts.

Results

Average mtDNA content was significantly lower in tumors versus normal brains. Decreasing mtDNA copy number in normal human astrocytes led to a markedly increased tumorigenicity in vivo. Depletion of mtDNA in pHGG cells promoted cell migration and invasion and therapeutic resistance. Shifting glucose metabolism from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidation with the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) or the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA) significantly inhibited pHGG viability. Using DCA to shift glucose metabolism to mitochondrial oxidation and then metformin to simultaneously target mitochondrial function disrupted energy homeostasis of tumor cells, increasing DNA damage and apoptosis. The triple combination with radiation therapy, DCA and metformin led to a more potent therapeutic effect in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

Our results suggest metabolic alterations as an onco-requisite factor of pHGG tumorigenesis. Targeting reduced mtDNA quantity represents a promising therapeutic strategy for pHGG.
Use of Polyvinyl Alcohol Sponge Cubes for Vagal Nerve Stimulation: A Suggestion for the Wrapping Step. Technical Note and Step-by-Step Operative Technique
Authors: Hamdi Hussein , Spatola Giorgio , Lagarde Stanislas , McGonigal Aileen , Paz-Paredes Armando , Bizeau Alain , Bartolomei Fabrice , Carron Romain
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is an approved treatment for epilepsy and depression. Wrapping the helical electrodes around the nerve can prove technically challenging. However, a quick and efficient method to slightly elevate the nerve can highly facilitate this part of the procedure.

OBJECTIVE

To provide useful surgical tips to facilitate the procedure.

METHODS

Based on experience of more than 150 adult cases for mainly epilepsy (primary lead implant), the authors share their surgical technique to provide the experienced surgeons or newcomers to the field of VNS with some useful tips. All patients signed informed consent according to the local ethics committee guidelines.

RESULTS

The article consists of a detailed step-by-step description of the whole procedure illustrated through high-resolution colored photographs of the surgical field. Special reference is made to the usefulness of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge cubes to elevate the nerve instead of the commonly used silicon vessel loops.

CONCLUSION

The use of surgical microscope and PVA sponge cubes to elevate the nerve constitute key points to make VNS an easy surgery.
Enhanced angiogenesis by the hyaluronic acid hydrogels immobilized with a VEGF mimetic peptide in a traumatic brain injury model in rats
Authors: Lu Jiaju , Guan Fengyi , Cui Fuzhai , Sun Xiaodan , Zhao Lingyun , Wang Ying , Wang Xiumei
Published: August 2019

Angiogenesis plays an important role in brain injury repair, which contributes to the reconstruction of regenerative neurovascular niche for promoting axonal regeneration in the lesion area. As a major component of developing brain extracellular matrix, hyaluronic acid (HA) has attracted more attention as a supporting matrix for brain repair. In the present study, HA-KLT hydrogel was developed via modifying HA with a VEGF mimetic peptide of KLT (KLTWQELYQLKYKGI). The characterization of the hydrogel shows that it could provide a porous, three-dimensional scaffold structure, which has a large specific surface area available for cell adhesion and interaction. Compared with the unmodified HA hydrogel, the HA-KLT hydrogel could effectively promote the attachment, spreading and proliferation of endothelial cells in vitro. Furthermore, the pro-angiogenic ability of hydrogels in vivo was evaluated by implanting them into the lesion cavities in the injured rat brain. Our results showed that the hydrogels could form a permissive interface with the host tissues at 4 weeks after implantation. Moreover, they could efficiently inhibit the formation of glial scars at the injured sites. The HA-KLT hydrogel could significantly increase the expression of endoglin/CD105 and promote the formation of blood vessels, suggesting that HA-KLT hydrogel promoted angiogenesis in vivo. Collectively, the HA-KLT hydrogel has the potential to repair brain defects by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting the formation of glial-derived scar tissue.
Teen Moms: Violence, Consent, and Embodied Subjectivity in Middle English Pregnancy Laments
Authors: Harris Carissa M
Published: August 2019

This article examines power and coercion in five Middle English and Middle Scots lyrics voiced by pregnant, abandoned singlewomen. It focuses on the language of consent and embodiment in these pregnancy laments, arguing that they both protest and normalize masculine violence in heterosexual erotic relations, highlight the various factors that undermine young singlewomen’s consent, articulate acute dissatisfaction with gendered power inequalities, and demonstrate the devastating consequences of sexual ignorance. It explores the different ways that we can read these lyrics when considering issues of voice, audience, performance, and manuscript context. The essay closes by linking the popularity of medieval unplanned pregnancy narratives to modern-day reality television programming, arguing that the trans-historical popularity of these stories merits further exploration.
Decline of “the American Dream”? Outlook toward the Future across Three Generations of Midwest Families
Authors: Mortimer Jeylan T , Mont’Alvao Arnaldo , Aronson Pamela
Published: August 2019

Expansion of higher education and long-term economic growth have fostered high aspirations among adolescents. Recently, however, deteriorating labor force opportunities, particularly since the “Great Recession,” and rising inequality have challenged the “American Dream.” To assess how parental and adolescent outlooks have evolved over time, we examine shifts in future orientations across three generations of Midwest American families. Our unique data archive from the Youth Development Study includes 266 Generation 1 and Generation 2 parent-child dyads and 422 Generation 3 children. We assess change over two decades in parental expectations for their children’s educational attainments (comparing G1 and G2) and in adolescents’ socioeconomic aspirations, life course optimism, and anticipated work-family conflict (comparing G2 and G3). An initial between-families analysis examines aggregate change across generations; a second fixed-effects analysis assesses attitudinal differences between parents and children in the same families and the extent to which generational shifts in family circumstances and adolescents’ educational performance account for change in adolescents’ future orientations. We find that “millennial” adolescents had more positive outlooks than “Gen X” parents did at the same age. Generational increase in adolescent socioeconomic aspirations held even when socioeconomic origin, parent-child relationship quality, adolescent school performance, and other predictors were controlled. We find evidence that growing adolescent optimism across generations is attributable to rising parental educational expectations, increasing adolescent grades in school, and higher-quality parent-child relationships. We conclude that the “American Dream” is still alive for many contemporary parents and their adolescent children.