bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Additive‐genetic relationships of growth and morphometrics to meat yield traits in Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849)
Authors: Wang Hui , Guan Tianyu , Wang Long , Zhang Yi , Zhu Qianqian , Chang Guoliang , Wu Nan
Published: November 2023

Based upon mixed linear model and incomplete diallel cross between different strains of Macrobrachium nipponense, the additive‐genetic correlations of growth and morphometrics with meat yield traits in M. nipponense were estimated using the minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation procedure. Path analysis method was utilized to investigate the overall additive‐genetic determinations of growth and morphometric traits on the meat yield traits. Results indicated that growth and morphometrics were genetically positively correlated with abdominal meat weight (p < 0.01), but were not genetically correlated with abdominal meat percentage (p > 0.05) in both sexes. Growth and morphometrics were genetically positively correlated (p < 0.01). Abdominal meat weight was genetically positively correlated with abdominal meat percentage (p < 0.01). In terms of the overall additive‐genetic determination, body weight had the greatest impact on abdominal meat weight in both sexes. In contrast, abdominal meat weight, abdominal length, and body weight were most influential on abdominal meat percentage in both sexes. The genetic relationships of growth and morphometrics to meat yield traits were elucidated in M. nipponense for the first time, contributing to formulation of sound improvement plan for the meat yield traits in this commercially important prawn species.
Core morality? Or merely core agents and social beings? A response to Spelke'swhat babies know
Authors: Hamlin J. Kiley
Published: November 2023

Spelke'sWhat babies knowdescribes the remarkably sophisticated mental lives of infants through the theoretical framework of core knowledge. To Spelke, young infants possess six independent core domains, two of which allow them to reason about the social world: the core agent and the core social being systems. Critically, Spelke argues that these core systems fail to communicate prior to 10 months, resulting in an inability to understand social goals. In this commentary, I review evidence that, contrary to Spelke's claims, young infants show robust understanding of social goals and intentions, consistent with claims of an early emerging moral core.
The genomes of Darwin's primroses reveal chromosome‐scale adaptive introgression and differential permeability of species boundaries
Authors: Stubbs Rebecca L. , Theodoridis Spyros , Mora‐Carrera Emiliano , Keller Barbara , Potente Giacomo , Yousefi Narjes , Jay Paul , Léveillé‐Bourret Étienne , Choudhury Rimjhim Roy , Celep Ferhat , Kochjarová Judita , Conti Elena
Published: November 2023

Introgression is an important source of genetic variation that can determine species adaptation to environmental conditions. Yet, definitive evidence of the genomic and adaptive implications of introgression in nature remains scarce.

The widespread hybrid zones of Darwin's primroses (Primula elatior, Primula veris, and Primula vulgaris) provide a unique natural laboratory for studying introgression in flowering plants and the varying permeability of species boundaries.

Through analysis of 650 genomes, we provide evidence of an introgressed genomic region likely to confer adaptive advantage in conditions of soil toxicity. We also document unequivocal evidence of chloroplast introgression, an important precursor to species‐wide chloroplast capture. Finally, we provide the first evidence that the S‐locus supergene, which controls heterostyly in primroses, does not introgress in this clade.

Our results contribute novel insights into the adaptive role of introgression and demonstrate the importance of extensive genomic and geographical sampling for illuminating the complex nature of species boundaries.
Association of the lung immune prognostic index with the survival of patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
Authors: Suzuki Takahito , Karayama Masato , Aoshima Yoichiro , Mori Kazutaka , Yoshizawa Nobuko , Ichikawa Shintaro , Kato Shinpei , Yokomura Koshi , Kono Masato , Hashimoto Dai , Inoue Yusuke , Yasui Hideki , Hozumi Hironao , Suzuki Yuzo , Furuhashi Kazuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Goshima Satoshi , Inui Naoki , Suda Takafumi
Published: November 2023

Background and Objective

The lung immune prognostic index (LIPI), a simple index calculated from the blood lactate dehydrogenase level and derived neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, is thought to be associated with host immune status. However, the utility of LIPI in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) is unknown.

Methods

In this multicentre, retrospective, observational study, an association between LIPI and the survival of patients with IIPs was evaluated.

Results

Exploratory and validation cohorts consisting of 460 and 414 patients with IIPs, respectively, were included (159 and 159 patients had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [IPF], and 301 and 255 had non‐IPF, respectively). In the exploratory cohort, patients with IPF and a low LIPI had significantly better survival than those with a high LIPI (median of 5.6 years vs. 3.9 years, p = 0.016). The predictive ability of LIPI for the survival of patients with IPF was validated in the validation cohort (median of 8.5 years vs. 4.4 years, p = 0.003). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, LIPI was selected as an independent predictive factor for the survival of IPF patients. There was no significant association between LIPI and survival of non‐IPF patients in the exploratory and validation cohorts.

Conclusion

The LIPI was a predictive factor for the survival of patients with IPF and could aid the management of IPF.
Transgender Youth Are Under Attack: The Work of Response
Authors: Meadow Tey
Published: November 2023

This is a terrifying time to be LGBTQ in America. In the first 2023 legislative session alone, Republican lawmakers introduced more than 100 new bills specifically targeting transgender youth. This is part of a coordinated, multi‐state attack on transgender Americans about which there is open and very public acknowledgement. If you look, you'll see medical and psychiatric governing boards, major human rights organizations, policymakers, researchers like myself, and parent activists scrambling to speak back in what has become an impossible rhetorical landscape. The single most powerful move conservative lawmakers have made is to place transgender Americans and our advocates on an endless hamster wheel of response to a seemingly never ending series of aggressions. Part of how homo‐ and cis‐sexism function is to set the contours of public debate. This is a reflection on being a sociologist in the midst of these ongoing cultural conversations.
Comparison of automated solid phase versus manual saline indirect antiglobulin test methodology for non‐ABO antibody titration: Implications for perinatal antibody monitoring
Authors: Niu Shuang , Vetsch Megan , Beaudin Lynnette , Bodnar Melanie , Clarke Gwen
Published: November 2023

Background

Accurate antibody titration is crucial in prenatal evaluations to identify patients who need clinical monitoring for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) causing fetal anemia. This study compares the established gold standard method of manual tube saline indirect antiglobulin testing (SIAT) with the newer automated solid phase (ASP) method of antibody titration and aims to establish the critical titer threshold for ASP that corresponds to the previously established SIAT critical threshold of ≥16 used in our laboratory.

Study Design and Methods

One hundred fifty‐seven prenatal and donor plasma samples with known antibodies were tested using both SIAT and ASP methodologies and results were compared.

Results

The study found that ASP titers were, on average, 1.33 dilutions higher than SIAT titers. The critical titer cutoff for ASP was determined to be ≥32, which is one tube higher than the SIAT cutoff of ≥16.

Discussion

The ASP method for antibody titration offers greater reproducibility and efficiency compared with manual SIAT titration. This study suggests that a titer cutoff of ≥32 is appropriate for most clinically significant antibodies using ASP. However, further research is needed to determine the comparability of ASP with SIAT in samples with multiple antibodies, anti‐M antibodies, and other less common antibodies. Validation of the ASP titer cutoff against HDFN clinical outcomes is required before implementing this test for routine use in perinatal antibody titration.
Services' trade in Africa: Structure and growth
Authors: Ariu Andrea , Ogliari Laura
Published: November 2023

This paper shows that trade in services is still at its infancy in Africa. Its growth started later than for other developed and developing economies and, so far, it involves mostly low‐skilled services. Disentangling the different sources of trade growth, we find that demand and supply determinants have been relatively stable during the period 2002–2016, while service diversification and trade policy are the main propellants. In particular, trade in goods liberalisation increased services trade as well due to the complementarities between the two. In terms of geographical and industrial involvement, services produced in Africa are able to reach farther destinations than goods, but they are concentrated on industries close to final demand, thus missing high‐skilled services that are more upstream, but represent higher value‐added inputs. Therefore, there is still plenty of scope to consider trade in services as a potential source of growth and development for African countries.
Disability‐adjusted life years due to leptospirosis in Monaragala District of Sri Lanka
Authors: Kumari A. M. U. P. , Vidanapathirana J. , Amarasekara J. , Karunanayake L.
Published: November 2023

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection with significant morbidity and mortality. As an occupational disease, it has become a global concern due to its disease burden in endemic countries and rural areas. The aim of this study was to assess disease burden in terms of Disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of leptospirosis.A hospital‐based descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted using 450 clinically diagnosed leptospirosis patients admitted to base and above hospitals in Monaragala District, Sri Lanka, using a pre‐tested interviewer‐administered questionnaire. The patients were followed up until normal day‐to‐day life after discharge. Estimation of DALYs was done using laboratory‐confirmed leptospirosis patients. Leptospirosis disease burden in Monaragala District was 44.9 DALYs per 100,000 population, which includes 33.18 Years of life losts and 10.9 YLDs. The incidence of leptospirosis in Monaragala District during the study period was 59.8 per 100,000 population, and the case fatality rate (CFR) was 1.5% and 75% of deaths were among males.The disease burden of leptospirosis in Monaragala District was significantly high and urgent efforts to control and prevent leptospirosis should be a priority.
Presenting the cohomology of a Schubert variety: Proof of the minimality conjecture
Authors: Dizier Avery St. , Yong Alexander
Published: November 2023

A minimal presentation of the cohomology ring of the flag manifold was given in A. Borel (1953). This presentation was extended by E. Akyildiz–A. Lascoux–P. Pragacz (1992) to a nonminimal one for all Schubert varieties. Work of V. Gasharov–V. Reiner (2002) gave a short, that is, polynomial‐size, presentation for a subclass of Schubert varieties that includes the smooth ones. In V. Reiner–A. Woo–A. Yong (2011), a general shortening was found; it implies an exponential upper bound of on the number of generators required. That work states a minimality conjecture whose significance would be an exponential lower bound of on the number of generators needed in worst case, giving the first obstructions to short presentations. We prove the minimality conjecture. Our proof uses the Hopf algebra structure of the ring of symmetric functions.
Effectiveness of distraction-based interventions for relieving anxiety, fear, and pain in hospitalized children during venous blood sampling: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Huhtala Saija , Palomaa Anna-Kaija , Tuomikoski Anna-Maria , Pölkki Tarja
Published: November 2023

Objective:

The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of active compared with passive distraction-based interventions for relieving anxiety, fear, and pain in hospitalized preschool and school-age children during venous blood sampling.

Introduction:

Venous blood sampling remains the most common procedure that causes anxiety, fear, and pain among the pediatric population. It is important that health care professionals relieve a child’s pain and the related emotions because untreated pain may have long-term effects on children’s growth and development. It is necessary to determine which interventions are effective in relieving these outcomes in preschool and school-age children during blood sampling.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will include randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies that include active and passive distraction-based interventions for relieving hospitalized preschool and school-age children’s anxiety, fear, and pain during venous blood sampling.

Methods:

CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases will be searched for published studies. MedNar, Google Scholar, and PsycEXTRA databases will be searched for in-progress and unpublished studies. Two independent researchers will perform critical appraisal and data extraction using the JBI methodology. Data describing randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies will be pooled in a statistical meta-analysis. If statistical analysis is not possible, the findings will be reported narratively. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be used to assess certainty in the quality of evidence.

Review registration:

PROSPERO CRD42023455617
Partisan conflict over content moderation is more than disagreement about facts
Authors: Appel Ruth E. , Pan Jennifer , Roberts Margaret E.
Published: November 2023

Social media companies have come under increasing pressure to remove misinformation from their platforms, but partisan disagreements over what should be removed have stymied efforts to deal with misinformation in the United States. Current explanations for these disagreements center on the “fact gap”—differences in perceptions about what is misinformation. We argue that partisan differences could also be due to “party promotion”—a desire to leave misinformation online that promotes one’s own party—or a “preference gap”—differences in internalized preferences about whether misinformation should be removed. Through an experiment where respondents are shown false headlines aligned with their own or the opposing party, we find some evidence of party promotion among Democrats and strong evidence of a preference gap between Democrats and Republicans. Even when Republicans agree that content is false, they are half as likely as Democrats to say that the content should be removed and more than twice as likely to consider removal as censorship.
POLE3 is a repressor of unintegrated HIV-1 DNA required for efficient virus integration and escape from innate immune sensing
Authors: Thenin-Houssier Suzie , Machida Shinichi , Jahan Cyprien , Bonnet-Madin Lucie , Abbou Scarlette , Chen Heng-Chang , Tesfaye Robel , Cuvier Olivier , Benkirane Monsef
Published: November 2023

Unintegrated retroviral DNA is transcriptionally silenced by host chromatin silencing factors. Here, we used the proteomics of isolated chromatin segments method to reveal viral and host factors associated with unintegrated HIV-1DNA involved in its silencing. By gene silencing using siRNAs, 46 factors were identified as potential repressors of unintegrated HIV-1DNA. Knockdown and knockout experiments revealed POLE3 as a transcriptional repressor of unintegrated HIV-1DNA. POLE3 maintains unintegrated HIV-1DNA in a repressive chromatin state, preventing RNAPII recruitment to the viral promoter. POLE3 and the recently identified host factors mediating unintegrated HIV-1 DNA silencing, CAF1 and SMC5/SMC6/SLF2, show specificity toward different forms of unintegrated HIV-1DNA. Loss of POLE3 impaired HIV-1 replication, suggesting that repression of unintegrated HIV-1DNA is important for optimal viral replication. POLE3 depletion reduces the integration efficiency of HIV-1. POLE3, by maintaining a repressive chromatin structure of unintegrated HIV-1DNA, ensures HIV-1 escape from innate immune sensing in primary CD4
+
T cells.
Timing of Izanagi-Pacific ridge subduction beneath Eurasia: Constraints from metamorphic soles in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Dong Yu , Xu Wen-liang , Zhang Jin-rui , Li Yi-bing , Niida Kiyoaki , Yamamoto Shinji , Wang Yi-ni , Ji Zheng
Published: November 2023

The subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath Eurasia controls not only Cenozoic intraplate volcanism, but also deep-focus earthquakes along the continental margin of eastern Asia. However, the timing of subduction of the Paleo-Pacific (Izanagi)–Pacific ridge and the initial subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath Eurasia remain subjects of debate. Metamorphic soles provide key evidence for ridge subduction, and together with coeval igneous activity, they are widely used to constrain the timing of ridge subduction. Here, we present the results of a study of amphibolites from the Hidaka metamorphic belt, Hokkaido, northern Japan, which are interpreted to be metamorphic soles. Our integrated study involved secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U-Pb zircon dating, mineral chemistry, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic analyses. SIMS U-Pb zircon dating indicates that the amphibolite-facies sole metamorphism occurred in the late Eocene. Phase equilibria modeling suggests that the peak P–T conditions of metamorphism were 8.0–9.5 kbar/700–730 °C. The amphibolites belong to the tholeiitic series, and they are relatively enriched in heavy rare earth elements relative to light rare earth elements, with depletions in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti. They have (87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.704207–0.704998, εNd(t) = +11.65 to +11.96, εHf(t) = +14.28 to +16.32, (206Pb/204Pb)i = 18.240–18.255, and (207Pb/204Pb)i = 15.522–15.525. The geochemistry of these amphibolites reveals that their protoliths had normal mid-oceanic-ridge basalt affinities, and their Pb isotopic signatures indicate Indian-type mantle rather than Pacific-type mantle. Considering the geochemistry of coeval igneous rocks, we conclude that the late Eocene metamorphism in the Hidaka metamorphic belt records the intraoceanic subduction that followed heat transfer from the incipient mantle wedge toward the top of the subducting plate, and it provides a key constraint on the timing of subduction of the Izanagi-Pacific ridge.
How could online NHS 111 reduce demand for the telephone NHS 111 service? Qualitative study of user and staff views
Authors: Sampson Fiona C , Knowles Emma L , Long Jaqui , Turner Janette , Coster Joanne
Published: November 2023

Background

Online NHS111 was introduced in 2018 in response to increasing and unsustainable demand for telephone NHS111. Despite high levels of use, there is little evidence of channel shift from the telephone to the online service. We explored user and staff perspectives of online NHS111 to understand how and why online NHS111 is used and whether there may be potential for shift from the telephone to online service.

Methods

As part of a wider mixed-methods study, we used qualitative semistructured interviews to explore perspectives of recent users of online 111 who had responded to a user survey (n=32) and NHS 111 staff (n=16) between November 2019 and June 2020. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data sets were analysed separately using framework analysis (user interviews) and thematic analysis (staff interviews).

Results

Telephone NHS111 health adviser skills in probing and obtaining ‘soft information’ were perceived as key to obtaining advice that was considered more appropriate and trusted than advice from online interactions, which relied on oversimplified or irrelevant questions.

Online NHS111 was perceived to provide a useful and convenient adjunct to the telephone service and widened access to NHS111 services for some subgroups of users who would not otherwise access the telephone service (eg, communication barriers, social anxiety) or were concerned about ‘bothering’ a health professional. The nature of the online consultation meant that online NHS111 was perceived as more disposable and used more speculatively.

Conclusion

Online 111 was perceived as a useful adjunct but not a replacement for telephone NHS 111 with potential for channel shift hindered by reduced confidence in the online service due to the lack of human interaction. Further development of OL111 algorithms will be required if it is to meet the needs of people with more complex health needs.
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1, a major regulator of biological processes
Authors: Sudhakar Sadhana R.N. , Khan Shahper N. , Clark Ariel , Hendrickson-Rebizant Thordur , Patel Shrinal , Lakowski Ted M. , Davie James R.
Published: November 2023

Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is a major type I arginine methyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of monomethyl and asymmetric dimethylarginine in protein substrates. It was first identified to asymmetrically methylate histone H4 at the third arginine residue forming the H4R3me2a active histone mark. However, several protein substrates are now identified as being methylated by PRMT1. As a result of its association with diverse classes of substrates, PRMT1 regulates several biological processes like chromatin dynamics, transcription, RNA processing, and signal transduction. The review provides an overview of PRMT1 structure, biochemical features, specificity, regulation, and role in cellular functions. We discuss the genomic distribution of PRMT1 and its association with tRNA genes. Further, we explore the different substrates of PRMT1 involved in splicing. In the end, we discuss the proteins that interact with PRMT1 and their downstream effects in diseased states.
Smooth extensions of black holes in loop quantum gravity
Authors: Gambini Rodolfo , Olmedo Javier , Pullin Jorge
Published: November 2023

Vacuum spherically symmetric loop quantum gravity in the midi-superspace approximation using inhomogeneous horizon-penetrating slices has been studied for a decade, and it has been noted that the singularity is eliminated. It is replaced by a region of high curvature and potentially large quantum fluctuations. It was recently pointed out that the effective semiclassical metric implies the existence of a shell of matter which violates energy conditions in regions where the curvature is largest. Here, we propose an alternative way of treating the problem that is free from the shells. The ambiguity in the treatment is related with the existence of new observables in the quantum theory that characterize the area excitations, and how the counterpart of diffeomorphisms in the discrete quantum theory is mapped to the continuum semiclassical picture. The resulting spacetime in the high curvature region inside the horizon is approximated by a metric of the type of the Simpson–Visser wormhole and it connects the black hole interior to a white hole in a smooth manner.
Failure Probability-Based Dynamic Instability Evaluation of the Long Span Steel Arch Bridge Subjected to Earthquake Excitations
Authors: Cheng Jin , Chen Zhizhao , Xu Yan
Published: November 2023

Instability is one of the major failure modes of long span arch bridges, and its possibility of occurrence will be increased as triggered by earthquake excitations. However, the randomness of each ground motion causes the difficulty in achieving a reliable assessment of the safety of the bridges in regard to its stability issue based on certain time history analysis. Therefore, a failure probability-based instability evaluation method and corresponding instability damage index are proposed in this study to solve this problem, converting the deterministic analysis of a ground motion into a probability analysis of a group of random ground motions. The results find that the input direction, the velocity pulse and the pulse period of the ground motion have a significant impact on the stability of the bridge, while seismic moment and PGV/PGA ratio do not. The fragility curves show that the bridge has more than 60% probability of slight instability when input PGA reaches 0.2 g, 50% probability of moderate instability when input PGA reaches 0.6 g, and 20% probability of collapse when input PGA reaches 1.0 g. Moreover, when the PGA approaches 1.0 g, it is discovered that the velocity pulse and the pulse period can increase the chance of the occurrence of bridge instability by 20%–30%.
A Low-Frequency Vibration Isolator with Cross-Ring Structure
Authors: Han Wenju , Niu Muqing , Cui Jianguo , Lu Zeqi , Chen Liqun
Published: November 2023

Low-frequency vibration isolation is essential for ultra-precision manufacturing and measurement equipment. Low stiffness is beneficial for low-frequency isolation, while leading to a degradation of the load capacity of the isolator. To tackle the problem, a nonlinear isolator is proposed with a cross-ring structure, composed of a circular ring and a semi-circular ring. Experimental studies validate that the isolator is applicable to different payload mass, and a cut-off frequency of 1.1[Formula: see text]Hz is achieved for an effective isolation. The isolator is theoretically investigated to reveal the mechanism leading to the low-frequency isolation performance. An elliptic integral method is adopted to characterize the stiffness characteristics of the ring structures under compression. The whole compression process of a semi-circular ring is divided into five stages according to the deformed shapes, exhibiting quasi-linear stiffness, stiffness-softening, negative stiffness, and stiffness-hardening characteristics in sequence. Together with the stiffness-softening circular ring, the cross-ring structure demonstrates a growing high-static-low-dynamic-stiffness (HSLDS) characteristic in a wide load range, and the result is verified by a restoring force measurement test. A harmonic balance analysis is performed to predict the frequency responses of the proposed isolator. It is shown that a low-frequency isolation can be achieved with the structure compressed to the HSLDS region by the payload, and an ultra-low-frequency isolation is achieved with the dynamic-to-static stiffness ratio below 0.1. A numerical investigation is performed to further reveal the frequency responses of the isolator with lightweight/overweight payloads and excessive excitation amplitudes. Jump phenomena are presented. This work provides a prototype and the theoretical basis for low-frequency vibration isolation via a cross-ring structure.
Plasma Surface Treatment of Metals: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Developments and Future Prospects
Authors: Jaffer Zainab J. , Abdalameer Nisreen Kh. , Noori Aiyah S.
Published: November 2023

In recent years, plasma surface treatment has seen tremendous breakthroughs, which have revolutionized both the field of material engineering and the procedures used to modify surfaces. This paper offers a thorough discussion of the most recent discoveries and developments that have been made in the field of plasma surface treatment. It investigates cutting-edge technologies, innovative plasma sources and sophisticated process control approaches, all of which have greatly improved the effectiveness and adaptability of the therapy. The research also explores how these breakthroughs solve earlier obstacles, provide new opportunities for industrial applications and pave the way for future developments in the area. Moreover, the study looks at how these advancements open the door for future developments in the sector. This study gives useful insights into the emerging landscape of plasma surface treatment and its potential influence on a variety of sectors by summarizing and assessing current research. These insights may be found in this paper.
Using the Plasma Jet Method to Create Zinc Nanoparticles and Study Their Structural and Optical Properties as an NH3 Gas Sensor
Authors: Hanfoosh S. M. , Aadim Kadhim A. , Razeg K. H.
Published: November 2023

In this work, zinc nanoparticles were prepared using the low-temperature plasma method at different times 3[Formula: see text]min, 5[Formula: see text]min, 7[Formula: see text]min, 9[Formula: see text]min, where the initial reactions of zinc lead to the formation of nanoparticles. The metal interacts with the ionized plasma under different conditions and may turn into an oxide such as exposing the sample to air and raising the temperature of the solution a few degrees as a result of high voltage and within a certain range. The atmospheric pressure plasma system acts as the cathode, while the zinc metal strip acts as the anode. A series of techniques were used, including the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The X-ray diffraction results showed that the samples have polycrystalline structures with hexagonal and cubic structures with a time difference, and the X-ray diffraction results showed the conversion of zinc particles into zinc oxides. FESEM images reveal particle size and shape. The ZnO nanoparticles prepared by the mentioned method seem to form different nanoshapes such as starfish and mushroom nanoparticles. The UV-visible results showed that the samples had an energy gap of about 3.4[Formula: see text]eV at a time of 3[Formula: see text]min, and this value decreases with increasing reaction time. The appearance of zinc oxides increases gradually with the passage of time. These results provide credibility for the fabrication of ZnO nanostructures for use in future gas sensing applications, despite the inhomogeneity of particle size among ZnO particles, the sensor was also fabricated to detect nitrogen gas (NH3) with different concentrations (17.25[Formula: see text]ppm, 46.38[Formula: see text]ppm, 78.58[Formula: see text]ppm). at room temperature. The ZnO sample showed the highest sensitivity (88.1%) at 7[Formula: see text]min. The sensitivity showed different results and increased with reaction time and gas concentration. However, response and recovery time are moderate and decrease as reaction time increases.
An overview of the Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events in Egypt, southern Tethys
Authors: Mansour Ahmed , Wagreich Michael
Published: November 2023

The Cretaceous Period (
c.
143–66 Ma) attested to successive phases of regional tectonic activities and large-scale submarine volcanism resulting in increased atmospheric CO
2
concentrations, enhanced greenhouse climate and global warming, surface water bioproductivity and well-developed pore and bottom water anoxia, especially during the mid-Cretaceous (Aptian to Turonian). These conditions triggered widespread deposition of organic carbon (OC)-rich black shales during episodes of severe oxygen exhaustion, commonly known as oceanic anoxic events (OAEs). Oceanic anoxic events had many important consequences, including the widespread mass extinction of marine and terrestrial organisms. Several intervals of enhanced oxic ventilation and deposition of OC-poor pelagic–hemipelagic red carbonates and claystone interrupted Cretaceous OAEs, which are commonly known as Cretaceous oceanic red beds (CORBs). The mid-Cretaceous black shales from many parts of the world and the corresponding global carbon cycle changes indicated that OAE1 (Selli Level) and OAE2 (Bonarelli Event) are the most widespread and well-defined OAEs compared with the more regional OAE3 and Valanginian–Hauterivian black shales (Weissert Event). These appear to have been more restricted to the Atlantic and adjacent areas, a result of more regional conditions rather than being forced by global environmental perturbations. In the course of this review, the Egyptian territory in the southern Tethys shelf is taken as a case study area for the development, evolution and regional expression of mid-Cretaceous OAEs. The region is characterized by a thick Cretaceous sedimentary succession of OC-rich black shale and OC-poor carbonates and mudstone interbeds. The late Albian OAE1d was reported in the North Western Desert (upper Kharita Formation) based on a positive carbon isotope excursion and moderate total sulfur, total organic carbon and redox-sensitive elements. The end-Cenomanian OAE2 was reported in several regions of Egypt based on positive δ
13
C excursions. However, differential deposition between OC-rich and OC-poor facies took place, especially in marginal to shallow marine settings where black shales are absent, such as in the Eastern Desert and Sinai. During the Coniacian–Santonian, OC-poor limestone, calcareous shale and red claystone were deposited under enhanced water column respiration in Egypt. This indicates that enhanced oxygenated ocean circulation controlled organic matter decomposition during weak continental weathering and enhanced carbonate production, all of which led to the deposition of OC-poor CORBs in this region.
The Late Maastrichtian Rørdal Member (Denmark): a remarkable window of climatic, environmental and biotic changes at orbital timescales
Authors: Thibault Nicolas , Lauridsen Bodil W. , Schovsbo Niels H. , Anderskouv Kresten , Bjerrum Christian J. , Korte Christoph , Martinez Mathieu , Morigi Caterina , Stemmerik Lars , Ullmann Clemens V.
Published: November 2023

The Late Maastrichtian Rørdal Member of the Møns Klint Formation is a remarkable lithological unit of the Danish Basin, characterized by chalk–marl cyclicity, standing out from pure Maastrichtian white chalk within the Chalk Group. A cyclostratigraphic analysis across this unit suggests a control by orbital precession and a strong amplitude modulation of the precession by the 405 kyr eccentricity cycle. Oxygen isotope data from bulk carbonate, benthic foraminifera and brachiopods indicate a prominent cooling commencing at the base of the unit, with maximum cooling aligned with a 405 kyr amplitude modulation maximum. This unit thus represents a rare example of a climatic cooling associated with a 405 kyr insolation maximum. However, geochemical and calcareous nannofossil data support lower productivity levels across the unit, in contradiction to an expected ocean fertilization accompanying enhanced continental weathering as the source of the clay material. An alternative model of deposition for this lithological unit is thus proposed via dense water cascading favoured by a sea-level low, subsequent restriction of the Chalk Sea and associated gravity currents responsible for the resuspension of fine clastic deposits from the margins of the Baltic Shield.
Old chalk, new tricks: revisiting the Lower Cretaceous carbonates of the Danish Central Graben
Authors: Jelby Mads E. , Ineson Jon R. , Sheldon Emma , Anderskouv Kresten
Published: November 2023

The Lower Cretaceous (upper Hauterivian–Albian) pelagic and hemipelagic carbonates of the Tuxen and Sola Formations in the Danish Central Graben, North Sea, constitute one of the oldest chalk successions recorded globally, but have received less attention than the Upper Cretaceous–Danian Chalk Group. This paper presents an updated depositional model for the succession drawn from synthesis of the latest published sedimentological and stratigraphic results, and correlation of 11 wells in the Valdemar, Boje, Adda and Tyra Fields. Four depositional sequences, deposited on a relatively deep subphotic shelf, record
c.
20 Myr of transgressive–regressive cycles, including: (1) late Hauterivian–earliest Barremian highstand and differential subsidence, resulting in aggradation across a westward-dipping ramp; (2) early Barremian eastern (Adda Field) inversion causing plateau condensation, sediment bypass and sourcing of gravity flows, followed by lowstand-controlled basin isolation and associated anoxia (Munk Marl Bed), and finally late Barremian tectonic quiescence and highstand with deposition of clean reservoir chalk; (3) latest Barremian lowstand causing filling of local depocentres, interrupted by early Aptian transgression-controlled anoxia during the global Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (Fischschiefer Member), and finally late Aptian highstand; and (4) latest Aptian–earliest Albian lowstand causing local erosion and heightened influx of clay.
Put Your Voice on Stage: Personalized Headline Generation for News Articles
Authors: Ao Xiang , Luo Ling , Wang Xiting , Yang Zhao , Chen Jiun-Hung , Qiao Ying , He Qing , Xie Xing
Published: November 2023

In this article, we study the problem of personalized news headline generation, which aims to produce not only concise and fact-consistent titles for news articles but also decorate these titles as personalized irresistible reading invitations by incorporating readers’ preferences. We propose an approach named
PNG
 (
P
ersonalized
N
ews headline
G
enerator) by utilizing distant supervision in readers’ past click behaviors to resolve. First, user preference representations are learned through a knowledge-aware user encoder that comprehensively captures the genuine, sequential, and flash interests of users reflected in their historical clicked news. Then, a user-perturbed pointer-generator network is devised to accomplish the headline generation in which the learned user representations implicitly affect the word prediction. The proposed model is optimized by reinforcement learning solvers where indicators on factual, personalized, and linguistic aspects of the generated headline are regarded as rewards. Extensive experiments are conducted on the real-world dataset PENS,

1

which is a large-scale benchmark collected from Microsoft News. Both the quantitative and qualitative results validate the effectiveness of our approach.
An Improved Model of Wavelet Leader Covariance for Estimating Multifractal Properties
Authors: Jacyna Garry , Frezza Damon , Slater David M. , Thompson James R.
Published: November 2023

Complex systems often produce multifractal signals defined by stationary increments that exhibit power-law scaling properties. The Legendre transform of the domain-dependent scaling function that defines the power law is known as the multifractal spectrum. The multifractal spectrum can also be defined by a power-series expansion of the scaling function and in practice the first two leading coefficients of that series are estimated from the discrete wavelet transform of the signal. To quantify, validate, and compare simulations of complex systems with data collected empirically from the actual system, practitioners require methods for approximating the variance associated with estimates of these coefficients. In this work, we generalize a previously developed semi-parametric statistical model for the values extracted from a discrete multi-scale wavelet transform to include both within-scale and between-scale covariance dependencies. We employ multiplicative cascades to simulate multifractals with known parameters to illustrate the necessity for this generalization and to test the precision of our improved model. The combined within- and between-scale model of covariance results in a more accurate estimate of the expected variance of the coefficients extracted from an empirical data set.
Study of the Physiochemical and Nutraceutical Properties of Sour and Sweet Pomegranate Juice in Northern Jordan
Authors: Rababah Taha , Al-U’datt Muhammad , Gammoh Sana , Khatatbeh Tayma’a , Magableh Ghazi , Almajwal Ali , Yücel Sevil , AL-Rayyan Numan
Published: November 2023

Pomegranate juice (PJ) is the major pomegranate product that offers a simple way to consume pomegranate’s biologically active compounds, obtained from arils. In this study, we objectively investigate the physiochemical properties such as pH value, total soluble solids, color parameters, fructose and glucose contents, hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) content, and viscosity. Also, the phytochemical content includes total phenols content, antioxidant activity, flavonoid, anthocyanin content, and phenolic quantification. In addition, the alpha-amylase and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activities among sweet and sour varieties of pomegranate juice obtained from different regions in Northern Jordan (Ajloun, Dair Abi Said, and Kufur Soum) where the significant differences at

P

 ≤ 0.05 appeared among sweet and sour varieties in different pomegranate juice samples. The pH values for pomegranate juice range from 2.87 to 3.77, and TSS ranges from 15.36 to 16.9 Brix. The total phenol content of pomegranate juice ranged from 105.8 to 238.63 mg/g while the total flavonoid content was present in the range of 135.53–184.9 mg/g. The DPPH inhibition (%) of pomegranate juice ranged between 20.66% and 50.63%, and the anthocyanin content range was 3.66–11.02 mg/g. Ellagic acid, delphinidin, 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl alcohol, 2-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, catechin, epicatechin, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, P-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, and syringic acid are phenolics present predominantly in pomegranate juice. Pomegranate juice exhibits high alpha-amylase and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition activity. All results indicate good quality and health properties for pomegranate juice.
Anterior Capsulotomy for Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Tractography and Lesion Geometry study
Authors: Li Hongyang , Yuan Siyu , Dai Lulin , Huang Hui , Lin Zhengyu , Zhan Shikun , Luo Jie , Liu Wei , Sun Bomin
Published: November 2023

Introduction: A bilateral anterior capsulotomy effectively treats refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We investigated the geometry of lesions and disruption of white matter pathways within the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) in patients with different outcomes. Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed data from 18 patients with refractory OCD who underwent capsulotomies. Patients were grouped into “responders” and “nonresponders” based on the percentage of decrease in the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) after surgery. We investigated neurobehavioral adverse effects and analyzed the overlap between lesions and the ventromedial prefrontal (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal (dlPFC) pathways. Probabilistic maps were constructed to investigate the relationship between lesion location and clinical outcomes. Results: Of the 18 patients who underwent capsulotomies, 12 were responders (>35% improvement in YBOCS), and six were nonresponders. The vmPFC pathway was more involved than the dlPFC pathway in responders (p = 0.01), but no significant difference was observed in nonresponders (p = 0.10). The probabilistic voxel-wise efficacy map showed a relationship between ventral voxels within the ALIC with symptom improvement. Weight gains occurred in 11/18 (61%) patients and could be associated with medial voxels within the ALIC. Conclusion: The optimal outcome after capsulotomy in refractory OCD is linked to vmPFC disruption in the ALIC. Medial voxels within the ALIC could be associated with weight gains following capsulotomy.
Flicker light stimulation induces thalamocortical hyperconnectivity with LGN and higher-order thalamic nuclei
Authors: Amaya Ioanna A. , Schmidt Marianna E. , Bartossek Marie T. , Kemmerer Johanna , Kirilina Evgeniya , Nierhaus Till , Schmidt Timo T.
Published: November 2023

The thalamus is primarily known as a relay for sensory information; however, it also critically contributes to higher-order cortical processing and coordination. Thalamocortical hyperconnectivity is associated with hallucinatory phenomena that occur in various psychopathologies (e.g., psychosis, migraine aura) and altered states of consciousness (ASC; e.g., induced by psychedelic drugs). However, the exact functional contribution of thalamocortical hyperconnectivity in forming hallucinatory experiences is unclear. Flicker light stimulation (FLS) can be used as an experimental tool to induce transient visual hallucinatory phenomena in healthy participants. Here, we use FLS in combination with fMRI to test how FLS modulates thalamocortical connectivity between specific thalamic nuclei and visual areas. We show that FLS induces thalamocortical hyperconnectivity between lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), early visual areas, and proximal upstream areas of the ventral visual stream (e.g., hV4, VO1). Further, an exploratory analysis indicates specific higher-order thalamic nuclei, such as anterior and mediodorsal nuclei, to be strongly affected by FLS. Here, the connectivity changes to upstream cortical visual areas directly reflect a frequency-dependent increase in experienced visual phenomena. Together, these findings contribute to the identification of specific thalamocortical interactions in the emergence of visual hallucinations.
Atretic cephalocele and differential considerations: A small case series
Authors: Whalen Hallie , Yazbek Sandrine
Published: November 2023

Any posterior midline cystic or soft tissue scalp mass in an infant needs evaluation with MRI brain and MRV brain to look for intracranial extension of the lesion. One of the differential considerations is an atretic cephalocele, which can be a difficult diagnosis, especially when the cystic lesions are small. The presence of a small calvarial defect adjacent to the cystic mass and a persistent primitive falcine vein, which points towards the cystic mass, are imaging clues to this diagnosis. Correct diagnosis is needed prior to surgical resection to avoid potentially serious postoperative complications.
Canonical BAF complex regulates the oncogenic program in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Aoki Kazunari , Hyuga Mizuki , Tarumoto Yusuke , Nishibuchi Gohei , Ueda Atsushi , Ochi Yotaro , Sugino Seiichi , Mikami Takashi , Kobushi Hirokazu , Kato Itaru , Akahane Koshi , Inukai Takeshi , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Takita Junko , Ogawa Seishi , Yusa Kosuke
Published: November 2023

Acute leukemia cells require bone marrow microenvironments, known as niches, which provide leukemic cells with niche factors that are essential for leukemic cell survival and/or proliferation. However, it remains unclear how the dynamics of the leukemic cell–niche interaction are regulated. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen, we discovered that canonical BRG1/BRM-associated factor (cBAF), a variant of the switch/sucrose nonfermenting chromatin remodeling complex, regulates the migratory response of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells to a niche factor CXCL12. Mechanistically, cBAF maintains chromatin accessibility and allows RUNX1 to bind to CXCR4 enhancer regions. cBAF inhibition evicts RUNX1 from the genome, resulting in CXCR4 downregulation and impaired migration activity. In addition, cBAF maintains chromatin accessibility preferentially at RUNX1 binding sites, ensuring RUNX1 binding at these sites, and is required for expression of RUNX1-regulated genes, such as CDK6; therefore, cBAF inhibition negatively impacts cell proliferation and profoundly induces apoptosis. This anticancer effect was also confirmed using T-ALL xenograft models, suggesting cBAF as a promising therapeutic target. Thus, we provide novel evidence that cBAF regulates the RUNX1-driven leukemic program and governs migration activity toward CXCL12 and cell-autonomous growth in human T-ALL.