bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The fibular collateral ligament of the knee
Authors: Song Young‐Bin , Watanabe Koichi , Hogan Elizabeth , D'Antoni Anthony V. , Dilandro Anthony C. , Apaydin Nihal , Loukas Marios , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: November 2013

The fibular collateral ligament (FCL) is one of the larger ligaments of the knee. The FCL, along with the popliteus tendon, arcuate popliteal ligament, and joint capsule, make up the posterolateral corner of the knee. Recently, there has there been an increased awareness and research on the structures of the posterolateral corner of the knee, particularly the FCL. Studying the detailed structure of the FCL may provide a better understanding that can lead to better diagnosis and treatments following injury. Therefore, this article reviews the FCL, which appears to be the primary restraint to varus rotation but is poorly oriented to resist external rotation of the knee. Clin. Anat. 27:789–797, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modelling soil moisture, water partitioning, and plant water stress under irrigated conditions in desert urban areas
Authors: Volo Thomas J. , Vivoni Enrique R. , Martin Chris A. , Earl Stevan , Ruddell Benjamin L.
Published: November 2013

This study conducts a comparative analysis of the effects of irrigation scheduling at two urban residential sites in the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area: a xeriscaped site (gravel base with low water use plants) and a mesiscaped site (turf grass and shade trees). A model of soil moisture dynamics was calibrated to observed soil moisture data from irrigated and non‐irrigated sensors at the xeric site and an irrigated sensor at the mesic site. Model simulations were conducted at both irrigated sites to investigate effects of irrigation scheduling; plant stress parameters; and precipitation variability on soil moisture dynamics, water balance partitioning, and plant water stress. Results indicated a substantial difference in soil water storage capacity at the two sites. At the xeric site, seasonal variation of irrigation input was shown to be critical in avoiding losses from the rooting zone, while reducing plant water stress. At the mesic site, sensitivity to irrigation scenarios was lower, though small amounts of water savings were achieved with seasonal applications. The model was then used to determine the minimum annual irrigation required to achieve specified levels of plant stress using long‐term meteorological records. A bimodal schedule consisting of low winter and summer irrigation was identified as a means to conserve water while keeping moderate levels of dynamic water stress. Results from the quantitative model can potentially assist water and landscape managers in desert urban areas by identifying opportunities for water savings, while providing a deeper understanding of the ecohydrological differences between the two types of landscape designs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two Hybrid Compounds Based on Octamolybdate and an N‐Donor Multidentate Ligand: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties
Authors: Zhou Shi , Chen Ya‐Guang , Liu Bo , Li Xiao‐Min , Wang Dong‐Xiao
Published: November 2013

Two polyoxometalate inorganic–organic hybrids based on octamolybdate and a multidentate N‐donor ligand, [Ag4L4(γ‐Mo8O26)]·2H2O (1), [Ni2L2(γ‐Mo8O26)(H2O)8]·3H2O (2), in which L = 2,4,5‐tri(4‐pyridyl)imidazole, were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 is constructed from octamolybdates (γ‐Mo8O26)4–, 1D AgL chains, and 2D AgL layers, which are held together through N–H···O hydrogen bonds between the chain/layer and the octamolybdates, extending into a 3D supramolecular structure. Compound 2 displays a 1D infinite chain structure. The chains are formed by coordination of the nitrogen atoms of the ligand to the five‐coordinate molybdenum atoms of (γ‐Mo8O26)4– and the Ni ions through the Mo–N–Ni bond and are further linked by N–H···O hydrogen bonds to form a 3D supramolecular architecture. Compound 2, to the best of our knowledge, is the first example of an octamolybdate anion decorated by a big tridentate N‐donor organic molecule. The compounds were further characterized by IR spectroscopy, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescent spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, and powder X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, their photocatalysis properties for degradation of methylene blue upon UV irradiation were examined.
From Neutral to Ionic Species: Syntheses and X‐ray Crystallographic and Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopic Studies of Li···P(SiMe3)–PtBu2 and Its Solvent Complexes
Authors: Sattler Ewald , Matern Eberhard , Rothenberger Alexander , Okrut Alexander , Bombicz Petra , Fernández Ignacio , Kovács Ilona
Published: November 2013

Li(THF)3P(SiMe3)–PtBu2 (1, THF = tetrahydrofuran) has been prepared by the reaction of (Me3Si)2P–PtBu2 with n‐butyllithium in THF and isolated in good yields. Compound 1 eliminates THF in vacuo to yield the dimeric [Li(THF)P(SiMe3)–PtBu2]2 (2). By metalation of H(SiMe3)P–PtBu2 with n‐butyllithium in hexane, the solvent‐free derivative [Li(Me3Si)P–PtBu2]4 (3) has been prepared. Compounds 1–3 form the ionic species [Li(TMEDA)2]+[(Me3Si)P–PtBu2]– [4, TMEDA = Me2N(CH2)2NMe2] and [Li(12‐crown‐4)2]+[(SiMe3)P–PtBu2]– (5) with TMEDA and 12‐crown‐4, respectively, in solution. The molecular structures of 1–5 were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 3 forms a cyclic tetramer with a flat butterfly geometry. Extensive solution NMR spectroscopic investigations have shown that all species except for 3 exist in the same form in solution as in the solid state. Moreover, multinuclear variable‐temperature NMR studies showed that 2 is involved in a rapid conversion between conformers at 298 K, which can be slowed down on the NMR timescale at 183 K.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel Compounds with Tetradentate Thiolate–Thioether Ligands as Precursors for [NiFe]–Hydrogenase Models
Authors: Weber Katharina , Heise Ingeborg , Weyhermüller Thomas , Lubitz Wolfgang
Published: November 2013

Synthesis and X‐ray structural analyses of three NiS4 compounds with aliphatic tetradentate thiolato/thioether ligands―[Ni(xch)], [Ni(pdtch)], and [Ni(pdtdm)], in which H2xch, H2pdtch, and H2pdtdm are α,α′‐bis(trans‐2‐mercapto‐1‐thiacyclohexyl)‐o‐xylene, 1,3‐bis(trans‐2‐mercapto‐1‐thiacyclohexyl)propane, and 1,9‐dimercapto‐3,7‐dithia‐2,2,8,8‐tetramethylnonane―are reported and further investigated by NMR spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The molecular and electronic structures of these nickel complexes are described. All complexes are square planar and show only a small tetrahedral distortion, consistent with a low‐spin nickel(II) center (S = 0). Cyclic voltammetry data reveal that for all compounds both one‐electron oxidation and reduction are irreversible, which is explained by means of DFT calculations. The presented complexes are discussed with regard to their suitability as precursors for dinuclear [NiFe]–hydrogenase model compounds.
Catalytic synthesis and characterization of phenol‐branched‐chain fatty acid isomers*
Authors: Ngo Helen L. , Fox Pamela S. , Nuñez Alberto , Moreau Robert A. , Haas Michael J.
Published: November 2013

There is significant research interest in developing new industrial materials from vegetable oils and animal fats. Such biobased materials can be more environmentally friendly because they tend to have good biodegradability and are derived from renewable resources. This paper describes a catalytic approach for the addition of phenol to the olefinic site of oleic acid using the H‐ferrierite zeolite. A number of experimental parameters were examined, including different reaction components and their ratios, and reaction conditions. Under optimized conditions, phenol‐branched‐chain fatty acid isomers were obtained in up to 70% yield. The materials were characterized using various analytical techniques, including GC, GC–MS, and HPLC–MS.
Laboratory soil piping and internal erosion experiments: evaluation of a soil piping model for low‐compacted soils
Authors: Fox Garey A. , Felice Rachel G. , Midgley Taber L. , Wilson Glenn V. , Al‐Madhhachi Abdul‐Sahib T.
Published: November 2013

Mechanistic models have been proposed for soil piping and internal erosion on well‐compacted levees and dams, but limited research has evaluated these models in less compacted (more erodible) soils typical of hillslopes and streambanks. This study utilized a soil box (50 cm long, 50 cm wide and 20 cm tall) to conduct constant‐head, soil pipe and internal erosion experiments for two soils (clay loam from Dry Creek and sandy loam from Cow Creek streambanks) packed at uniform bulk densities. Initial gravimetric moisture contents prior to packing were 10, 12 and 14% for Dry Creek soil and 8, 12, and 14% for Cow Creek soil. A 1‐cm diameter rod was placed horizontally along the length of the soil bed during packing and carefully removed after packing to create a continuous soil pipe. A constant head was maintained at the inflow end. Flow rates and sediment concentrations were measured from the pipe outlet. Replicate submerged jet erosion tests (JETs) were conducted to derive erodibility parameters for repacked samples at the same moisture contents. Flow rates from the box experiments were used to calibrate the mechanistic model. The influence of the initial moisture content was apparent, with some pipes (8% moisture content) expanding so fast that limited data was collected. The mechanistic model was able to estimate equivalent flow rates to those observed in the experiments, but had difficulty matching observed sediment concentrations when the pipes rapidly expanded. The JETs predicted similar erodibility coefficients compared to the mechanistic model for the more erodible cases but not for the less erodible cases (14% moisture content). Improved models are needed that better define the changing soil pipe cross‐section during supply‐ and transport‐limited internal erosion, especially for piping through lower compacted (more erodible) soils as opposed to more well‐compacted soils resulting from constructing levees and dams. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytoestrogens in the environment, I: Occurrence and exposure effects on fathead minnows
Authors: Rearick Daniel C. , Fleischhacker Nathan T. , Kelly Megan M. , Arnold William A. , Novak Paige J. , Schoenfuss Heiko L.
Published: November 2013

Naturally occurring phytoestrogens may mimic biogenic estrogens and modulate endocrine action in vertebrates. Little is known, however, about their temporal and spatial variability in the environment and the biological effects associated with exposures. The present study assessed the environmental presence of phytoestrogens in human-impacted and relatively pristine areas. The response in larval and sexually mature fathead minnows to environmentally relevant concentrations of 3 common phytoestrogens (genistein, daidzein, and formononetin), both singly and in mixture, was also quantified. Phytoestrogens were only present in the human-impacted surface waters. When detected, mean concentrations were low (±standard deviation) in an urban lake: 1.4 ± 0.5 ng/L, 1.6 ± 0.7 ng/L, and 1.1 ± 0.2 ng/L for genistein, daidzein, and formononetin, respectively, and in treated wastewater effluent: 1.6 ± 0.4 ng/L, 1.8 ± 1.3 ng/L, and 2.0 ng/L. Biochanin A was detected twice, whereas zearalenone and coumestrol were never detected. No clear temporal trends of aqueous phytoestrogen concentration were evident. Larval survival was significantly reduced in genistein, formononetin, and mixture treatments, whereas adult male fish only exhibited subtle changes to their anatomy, physiology, and behavior. Daidzein-exposed adult females produced greater quantities of eggs. The present study indicates that genistein, daidzein, and formononetin are likely attenuated rapidly and are unlikely to cause widespread ecological harm in the absence of other stressors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:553–559. © 2013 SETAC
Phytoestrogens in the environment, II: Microbiological degradation of phytoestrogens and the response of fathead minnows to degradate exposure
Authors: Kelly Megan M. , Fleischhacker Nathan T. , Rearick Daniel C. , Arnold William A. , Schoenfuss Heiko L. , Novak Paige J.
Published: November 2013

Phytoestrogens are endocrine active compounds derived from plants, including the isoflavones genistein and daidzein, and their methylated derivatives biochanin A and formononetin. These compounds have been detected at the µg/L level in the effluents of plant-processing industries and municipal treatment plants and at the ng/L level in surface waters worldwide. The present study assessed the persistence of genistein and daidzein in natural aquatic systems, specifically riverine samples. Initial concentration, temperature, sample location, and time of sample collection varied. Genistein and daidzein were found to be readily biodegradable at all tested concentrations, at both 10 °C and 20 °C, in samples collected during different seasons, and in samples from 3 different rivers. In addition, organismal responses in larval and sexually mature fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were quantified following exposure to microbiologically degraded phytoestrogens (genistein, daidzein, and formononetin). Products of the microbiological degradation of parent phytoestrogens did not affect larval survival, growth, or predator avoidance. Female adult fathead minnows exposed to these degradation products produced significantly fewer eggs than those exposed to a control, but no other morphological, physiological, or behavioral changes were observed with male or female minnows. The present research suggests that although phytoestrogens are not likely to persist in aquatic systems, they may pseudo-persist if discharges are continuous; in addition, caution should be exercised with respect to high-concentration effluents because of the potentially antiestrogenic effects of phytoestrogen degradates. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:560–566. © 2013 SETAC
MYC fails to efficiently shape malignant transformation in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Loosveld Marie , Bonnet Mélanie , Gon Stéphanie , Montpellier Bertrand , Quilichini Benoit , Navarro Jean‐Marc , Crouzet Thomas , Goujart Marie‐Amélie , Chasson Lionel , Morgado Ester , Picard Christophe , Hernandez Lucie , Fossat Chantal , Gabert Jean , Michel Gérard , Nadel Bertrand , Payet‐Bornet Dominique
Published: November 2013

MYC is a potent oncogene involved in ∼70% of human cancers, inducing tumorigenesis with high penetrance and short latency in experimental transgenic models. Accordingly, MYC is recognized as a major driver of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) in human and zebrafish/mouse models, and uncovering the context by which MYC‐mediated malignant transformation initiates and develops remains a considerable challenge. Because MYC is a very complex oncogene, highly dependent on the microenvironment and cell‐intrinsic context, we generated transgenic mice (tgMycspo) in which ectopic Myc activation occurs sporadically (<10−6 thymocytes) within otherwise normal thymic environment, thereby mimicking the unicellular context in which oncogenic alterations initiate human tumors. We show that while Myc+ clones in tgMycspo mice develop and initially proliferate in thymus and the periphery, no tumor or clonal expansion progress in aging mice (n = 130), suggesting an unexpectedly low ability of Myc to initiate efficient tumorigenesis. Furthermore, to determine the relevance of this observation in human pathogenesis we analyzed a human T‐ALL case at diagnosis and relapse using the molecular stigmata of V(D)J recombination as markers of malignant progression; we similarly demonstrate that despite the occurrence of TAL1 and MYC translocations in early thymocyte ontogeny, subsequent oncogenic alterations were required to drive oncogenesis. Altogether, our data suggest that although central to T‐ALL, MYC overexpression per se is inefficient in triggering the cascade of events leading to malignant transformation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust Rare Variant Association Testing for Quantitative Traits in Samples With Related Individuals
Authors: Jiang Duo , McPeek Mary Sara
Published: November 2013

The recent development of high‐throughput sequencing technologies calls for powerful statistical tests to detect rare genetic variants associated with complex human traits. Sampling related individuals in sequencing studies offers advantages over sampling unrelated individuals only, including improved protection against sequencing error, the ability to use imputation to make more efficient use of sequence data, and the possibility of power boost due to more observed copies of extremely rare alleles among relatives. With related individuals, familial correlation needs to be accounted for to ensure correct control over type I error and to improve power. Recognizing the limitations of existing rare‐variant association tests for family data, we propose MONSTER (Minimum P‐value Optimized Nuisance parameter Score Test Extended to Relatives), a robust rare‐variant association test, which generalizes the SKAT‐O method for independent samples. MONSTER uses a mixed effects model that accounts for covariates and additive polygenic effects. To obtain a powerful test, MONSTER adaptively adjusts to the unknown configuration of effects of rare‐variant sites. MONSTER also offers an analytical way of assessing P‐values, which is desirable because permutation is not straightforward to conduct in related samples. In simulation studies, we demonstrate that MONSTER effectively accounts for family structure, is computationally efficient and compares very favorably, in terms of power, to previously proposed tests that allow related individuals. We apply MONSTER to an analysis of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in the Framingham Heart Study, where we are able to replicate association with three genes.
Insulin‐like growth factor I and risk of breast cancer by age and hormone receptor status—A prospective study within the EPIC cohort
Authors: Kaaks Rudolf , Johnson Theron , Tikk Kaja , Sookthai Disorn , Tjønneland Anne , Roswall Nina , Overvad Kim , Clavel‐Chapelon Françoise , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Dossus Laure , Rinaldi Sabina , Romieu Isabelle , Boeing Heiner , Schütze Madlen , Trichopoulou Antonia , Lagiou Pagona , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Palli Domenico , Grioni Sara , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Panico Salvatore , Buckland Genevieve , Argüelles Marcial , Sánchez María‐José , Amiano Pilar , Chirlaque Maria‐Dolores , Ardanaz Eva , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. Bas , van Gils Carla H. , Peeters Petra H. , Andersson Anne , Sund Malin , Weiderpass Elisabete , Gram Inger Torhild , Lund Eiliv , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Wareham Nick , Key Timothy J. , Travis Ruth C. , Merritt Melissa A. , Gunter Marc J. , Riboli Elio , Lukanova Annekatrin
Published: November 2013

Experimental evidence shows cross‐talk in mammary cells between estrogen, insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) and their respective receptors and possible synergistic effects of estrogen receptor (ER) activation and increased IGF‐I signaling with regard to breast tumor development, and epidemiological evidence suggests that circulating IGF‐I levels may be related more to the risk of ER‐positive than ER‐negative breast cancer. Using a case–control study nested within the prospective European EPIC cohort (938 breast cancer cases and 1,394 matched control subjects), we analyzed the relationships of prediagnostic serum IGF‐I levels with the risk of estrogen and progesterone receptor‐positive and ‐negative breast tumors. IGF‐I levels were positively associated with the risk of ER+ breast tumors overall (pre‐ and postmenopausal women combined, odds ratio (OR)Q4‐Q1 = 1.41 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.98] for the highest vs. lowest quartile; OR = 1.17 [95% CI 1.04–1.33] per 1‐standard deviation (SD) increase in IGF‐I, ptrend = 0.01) and among women who were diagnosed with breast cancer at 50 years or older (ORQ3‐Q1 = 1.38 [95% CI 1.01–1.89]; OR = 1.19 [95% CI 1.04–1.36] per 1‐SD increase in IGF‐I, ptrend = 0.01) but not with receptor‐positive disease diagnosed at an earlier age. No statistically significant associations were observed for ER− breast tumors overall and by age at diagnosis. Tests for heterogeneity by receptor status of the tumor were not statistically significant, except for women diagnosed with breast cancer at 50 years or older (phet = 0.03 for ER+/PR+ vs. ER−/PR− disease). Our data add to a global body of evidence indicating that higher circulating IGF‐I levels may increase risk specifically of receptor‐positive, but not receptor‐negative, breast cancer diagnosed at 50 years or older.
Lower cost strategies for triage of human papillomavirus DNA‐positive women
Authors: Qiao You‐Lin , Jeronimo Jose , Zhao Fang‐Hui , Schweizer Johannes , Chen Wen , Valdez Melissa , Lu Peter , Zhang Xun , Kang Le‐Ni , Bansil Pooja , Paul Proma , Mahoney Charles , Berard‐Bergery Marthe , Bai Ping , Peck Roger , Li Jing , Chen Feng , Stoler Mark H. , Castle Philip E.
Published: November 2013

Using human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for cervical cancer screening in lower‐resource settings (LRS) will result in a significant number of screen‐positive women. This analysis compares different triage strategies for detecting cervical precancer and cancer among HPV‐positive women in LRS. This was a population‐based study of women aged 25–65 years living in China (n = 7,541). Each woman provided a self‐collected and two clinician‐collected specimens. The self‐collected and one clinician‐collected specimen were tested by two HPV DNA tests—careHPV™ and Hybrid Capture 2; the other clinician‐collected specimen was tested for HPV16/18/45 E6 protein. CareHPV™‐positive specimens were tested for HPV16/18/45 DNA. HPV DNA‐positive women underwent visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and then colposcopic evaluation with biopsies. The performance for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or cancer (CIN3+) among HPV DNA‐positive women was assessed for different triage strategies: HPV16/18/45 E6 or DNA detection, VIA, colposcopic impression, or higher signal strength (≥10 relative light units/positive control [rlu/pc]). The percent triage positive ranges were 14.8–17.4% for VIA, 17.8–20.9% for an abnormal colposcopic impression; 7.9–10.5% for HPV16/18/45 E6; 23.4–28.4% for HPV16/18/45 DNA; and 48.0–62.6% for higher signal strength (≥10 rlu/pc), depending on the HPV test/specimen combination. The positivity for all triage tests increased with severity of diagnosis. HPV16/18/45 DNA detection was approximately 70% sensitive and had positive predictive values (PPV) of approximately 25% for CIN3+. HPV16/18/45 E6 detection was approximately 50% sensitive with a PPV of nearly 50% for CIN3+. Different triage strategies for HPV DNA‐positive women provide important tradeoffs in colposcopy or treatment referral percentages and sensitivity for prevalent CIN3+.
Merging separately established stimulus classes with outcome‐specific reinforcement
Authors: Johnson Cammarie , Meleshkevich Olga , Dube William V.
Published: November 2013

This study extended previous research on equivalence relations established with outcome‐specific reinforcers to include the merger of separately established stimulus classes. Participants were four adults. Conditional discriminations AC and BC were trained first. Correct selections of C1 (C2, or C3) in the presence of A1 or B1 (A2 or B2, or A3 or B3) were followed by red (blue, or white) tokens; tokens were exchanged for value added to three participant‐selected gift cards. Outcomes on equivalence tests for three‐member classes ABC were positive. DF and EF were trained with the same reinforcing consequences, and tests were positive for three‐member classes DEF. Results of class merger tests with combinations of stimuli from the ABC and DEF classes (AD, FB, etc.) were immediately positive for two participants, demonstrating six‐member classes ABCDEF with reinforcers as nodes. Merger tests for a third participant were initially negative but became positive after brief exposure to unreinforced probe trials with reinforcers as comparison stimuli. Following class merger, tests for matching the reinforcers to samples and comparisons were also positive. Class‐merger test results were negative for a fourth participant. The results provide the first demonstration of eight‐member equivalence classes including two outcome‐specific conditioned reinforcing stimuli.
Synthesis of Chlorins Fused with Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycle by the Modification along Their N21–N23 axis
Authors: Wang Jin‐Jun , Liu Chao , Wu Jin , Liu Ran‐Ran , Zhang Peng
Published: November 2013

Quinoxalinodeoxopyropheophorbide‐a and benzimidazolopurpurin‐18 imide were obtained from methyl pheophorbide‐a by one‐pot method. The synthesis of a series of chlorins fused with nitrogen‐containing heterocycle was fulfilled by chemical modifications along their N21–N23 axis such as LiOH‐promoted allomerization of C12‐methyl group, electrophilic addition to C3‐vinyl group, substitution at 20‐meso‐position and 1, 3‐dipolar cycloaddition with diazomethane at 3‐position. The structures of new chlorins were characterized by UV–vis, MS, 1H NMR spectra, and elemental analysis.
Characterizing the S‐layer structure and anti‐S‐layer antibody recognition on intact Tannerella forsythia cells by scanning probe microscopy and small angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Oh Yoo Jin , Sekot Gerhard , Duman Memed , Chtcheglova Lilia , Messner Paul , Peterlik Herwig , Schäffer Christina , Hinterdorfer Peter
Published: November 2013

Tannerella forsythia is among the most potent triggers of periodontal diseases, and approaches to understand underlying mechanisms are currently intensively pursued. A ~22‐nm‐thick, 2D crystalline surface (S‐) layer that completely covers Tannerella forsythia cells is crucially involved in the bacterium–host cross‐talk. The S‐layer is composed of two intercalating glycoproteins (TfsA‐GP, TfsB‐GP) that are aligned into a periodic lattice. To characterize this unique S‐layer structure at the nanometer scale directly on intact T. forsythia cells, three complementary methods, i.e., small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and single‐molecular force spectroscopy (SMFS), were applied. SAXS served as a difference method using signals from wild‐type and S‐layer‐deficient cells for data evaluation, revealing two possible models for the assembly of the glycoproteins. Direct high‐resolution imaging of the outer surface of T. forsythia wild‐type cells by AFM revealed a p4 structure with a lattice constant of ~9.0 nm. In contrast, on mutant cells, no periodic lattice could be visualized. Additionally, SMFS was used to probe specific interaction forces between an anti‐TfsA antibody coupled to the AFM tip and the S‐layer as present on T. forsythia wild‐type and mutant cells, displaying TfsA‐GP alone. Unbinding forces between the antibody and wild‐type cells were greater than with mutant cells. This indicated that the TfsA‐GP is not so strongly attached to the mutant cell surface when the co‐assembling TfsB‐GP is missing. Altogether, the data gained from SAXS, AFM, and SMFS confirm the current model of the S‐layer architecture with two intercalating S‐layer glycoproteins and TfsA‐GP being mainly outwardly oriented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteome wide evaluation of the separation ability of hydrophobic interaction chromatography by fluorescent dye binding analysis
Authors: Ibarra‐Herrera Celeste C. , Reddy‐Vennapusa Rami , Rito‐Palomares Marco , Fernández‐Lahore Marcelo
Published: November 2013

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is an important tool in the industrial purification of proteins from various sources. The HIC separation behavior of individual (or model) proteins has been widely researched by others. On the contrary, this study focused on the fractionation ability of HIC when it is challenged with whole proteomes. The impact of the nature of three different proteomes, that is, yeast, soybean, and Chinese hamster ovary cells, on HIC separation was investigated. In doing so, chromatography fractions obtained under standardized conditions were evaluated in terms of their overall hydrophobicity—as measured by fluorescence dye binding. This technique allowed for the calculation of an average protein surface hydrophobicity (S0) for each fraction; a unique correlation between S0 and the observed chromatographic behavior was established in each case. Following a similar strategy, the effect of three different ligands (polypropylene glycol, phenyl, and butyl) and two adsorbent particle sizes (65 and 100 µm) on the chromatographic behavior of the yeast proteome was evaluated. As expected, the superficial hydrophobicity of the proteins eluted is correlated with the salt concentration of its corresponding elution step. The findings reveled how—and in which extent—the type of ligand and the size of the beads actually influenced the fractionation of the complex biological mixture. Summarizing, the approach presented here can be instrumental to the study of the performance of chromatography adsorbents under conditions close to industrial practice and to the development of downstream processing strategies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A note on the quicksort asymptotics
Authors: Fuchs Michael
Published: November 2013

In a recent paper, Bindjeme and Fill obtained a surprisingly easy exact formula for the L2‐distance of the (normalized) number of comparisons of Quicksort under the uniform model to its limit. Shortly afterwards, Neininger proved a central limit theorem for the error. As a consequence, he obtained the asymptotics of the L3‐distance. In this short note, we use the moment transfer approach to re‐prove Neininger's result. As a consequence, we obtain the asymptotics of the Lp‐distance for all Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 46,677–687, 2015
A ROOM WITH A VIEW: VISUALISING THE SEASIDE,c. 1750–1914
Authors: Borsay Peter
Published: November 2013

The expansion in consumption that marked the British economy in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was based not only on a growth in material goods, but also of experientially and culturally rich products such as leisure and tourism. Underpinning the latter of these, and of key importance in the rise of the seaside resort, was the process of visualisation. The ‘tourist gaze’ became a commodity in its own right, geared around environmental and social subjects, and facilitated by a transformation in the content and reproductive potential of visual culture and an engineering of resorts to deliver views.
Introduction
Authors: Archibald Zosia , Morgan Catherine
Published: November 2013

This edition of Archaeology in Greece is dedicated to the memory of Hector Catling, Director of the British School at Athens from 1971 until his retirement in 1989. Many tributes have been paid to Dr Catling's distinguished career of academic and personal service. Archaeology in Greece, however, owes a particular debt to him as one of its outstanding editors. Not only did Hector Catling compile the supplement almost single-handedly throughout his directorship of the School, but his research also contributed richly to it, notably via his major excavations at Knossos (for example in the North Cemetery) and in Lakonia at the Menelaion and the Sanctuary of Zeus Messapeus at Tsakona. Archaeology in Greece remains one of his lasting contributions to the scholarly community.

In June 2013 we also mourned the passing of two close colleagues, Spyridon Iakovides, Academician and distinguished excavator of Mycenae (where he remained active to the very end of his life), and Elisavet Stasinopoulou, formerly Keeper of Vases and Minor Arts at the National Museum in Athens. In July 2013 we were saddened by the untimely death of Polyxeni Bouyia, expert on central Greece and, as Keeper of the Bronze Collection at the National Museum, a key collaborator in the outstandingly successful Antikythera exhibition. And as we went to press, we received news of the death of George Hourmouziadis, Professor Emeritus of prehistoric archaeology in the Aristotle University, Thessaloniki.
A rare case report of corrected transposition of the great arteries in association with tuberous sclerosis and cardiac rhabdomyomas
Authors: Garg Rajiv , Thakkar Bhavesh , Oswal Nilesh
Published: November 2013

The neuro-cutaneous syndrome tuberous sclerosis is commonly associated with rhabdomyomas in various organs including the heart. We are reporting a rare case of a 7-month old male child with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries associated with tuberous sclerosis and cardiac rhabdomyomas. To our knowledge, this rare association has not been reported so far.
Soft Skills: a Valuable Business Tool or Just Psychobabble?
Authors: Fishleigh Jackie
Published: November 2013

In this article Jackie Fishleigh reviews and analyses three of the sessions, held at the BIALL Conference 2013 in Glasgow, that were concerned with ‘soft skills’.
SLS/BIALL Academic Law Library Survey 2011/2012
Authors: Gee David
Published: November 2013

This article, analysing the results of the Academic Law Library Survey for 2011/2012 has been written by David Gee, Deputy Librarian at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies. The survey was conducted on behalf of Society of Legal Scholars (SLS) and BIALL.
Pioneering the Laws of Commerce: Conversations with Professor Leonard Sedgwick Sealy for the Cambridge ESA
Authors: Dingle Lesley
Published: November 2013

The calm and courteous mannerisms that Professor Len Sealy's interviews radiate belie a pragmatic determination that has been the hallmark of his long and productive career. For nearly six decades he has been a legal pioneer, working assiduously to elevate the law of commerce, and in particular company law and insolvency, to scholarly respectability in academia and practical understanding in boardrooms. Yet typically, for one who spent his entire professional life collaborating with wealth creators of the commercial world, he eschewed direct personal involvement in such activities. His loyalty to the scholastic tradition, mirrored in his unstinting service to his college and the Faculty, has generated a legacy of fond regard and intellectual respect. These reflections by Professor Sealy are based on interviews with Lesley Dingle at the Squire Law Library during February and April 2013. They should be read in conjunction with Professor Sealy's entry in the Eminent Scholars Archive1.
The provision of end-of-life care by medical-surgical nurses working in acute care: A literature review
Authors: Gagnon Judith , Duggleby Wendy
Published: November 2013

Objective:

Caring for terminally ill patients is complex, stressful, and at times distressing for nurses. Acute care hospitals continue to be the predominant place of death for terminally ill patients in most Western countries. The objective of the present literature review was to explore and gain an in-depth understanding of the experience of providing end-of-life (EOL) care by medical-surgical RNs working in acute care hospitals, to identify knowledge gaps, and to recommend future research.

Method:

A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the following electronic databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsyInfo (from 1992 to October 2012).

Results:

The findings from the 16 reviewed studies suggest that nurses felt a strong commitment to help terminally ill patients experience a good death. Nurses reported feeling deeply rewarded and privileged to share the EOL experience with patients/families. Organizational and individual factors influenced nurses' experience. Important challenges were associated with managing the divergent needs of a mixed patient load (i.e., curative and palliative care patients) in a biomedical culture of care that is heavily oriented toward cure and recovery. In this culture, nurses' emotional work and ideals of good EOL care are often not recognized and supported.

Significance of results:

Managerial and organizational support that recognize the centrality of emotional work nurses provide to dying patients is needed. More research exploring ways to improve communication among nurses and medical colleagues is essential. Finally, a critical examination of the ideological assumptions guiding nurses' practice of EOL care within the context of acute care is recommended to help reveal their powerful influence in shaping nurses' overall understanding and experience of EOL care.
Dimensions of Familial Allocentrism in Brazilian Mothers from State Capitals and Small Cities
Authors: Seidl-de-Moura Maria Lucia , Ziviani Cílio , Oliva Ângela Donato , Fioravanti-Bastos Ana Carolina , de Castro Ribas Rodolfo
Published: November 2013

This study focuses on 606 Brazilian women’s cultural models regarding their relation with their family, as evaluated by the Family Allocentrism Idiocentrism Scale (FAS). The scale was translated into Portuguese, submitted to back-translation and adapted. Analyses of the scale’s structure indicated that the best fit model involves two independent factors. Univariate GLM (General Linear Model) analyses showed that the place where mothers were raised presented a significant effect on their scores on factor 1 (normative familial allocentrism). Mothers raised on rural areas have higher scores on this factor, than the ones raised on urban areas. The opposite occurred with factor 2 (relational familial allocentrism). The set of evidences indicate that the FAS may be a bi-dimensional measure. One dimension would be part of a more stable and basic model of relation to family, constructed during development. The second dimension would be related to more recent experiences and would be more readily affected by socio-cultural context changes, including in acculturation processes.
Effective shielding to measure beam current from an ion source
Authors: Bayle H. , Delferrière O. , Gobin R. , Harrault F. , Marroncle J. , Senée F. , Simon C. , Tuske O.
Published: November 2013

To avoid saturation, beam current transformers must be shielded from solenoid, quad, and RFQ high stray fields. Good understanding of field distribution, shielding materials, and techniques is required. Space availability imposes compact shields along the beam pipe. This paper describes compact effective concatenated magnetic shields for IFMIF-EVEDA LIPAc LEBT and MEBT and for FAIR Proton Linac injector. They protect the ACCT Current Transformers beyond 37 mT radial external fields. Measurements made at Saclay on the SILHI source are presented.
λ/26 silver nanodots fabricated by direct laser writing through highly sensitive two-photon photoreduction
Authors: Cao Yaoyu , Gu Min
Published: November 2013

We demonstrated an approach to break the diffraction limit and realise deep-subwavelength two-photon direct laser writing by employing a highly sensitive photoreduction process. The photoreduction photosensitivity increased by at least 4 times while the wavelength of the fabrication laser beam was tuned from 800 nm to 580 nm. The increase of the photosensitivity resulted in improved resolution for the silver dot fabrication. By developing the photoreduction material with adding electron donors, the photosensitivity further increased and enabled the realisation of a single silver dot at 22 nm which is λ/26 for the wavelength of the fabrication laser beam.
Enhanced heat transfer through filler-polymer interface by surface-coupling agent in heat-dissipation material: A non-equilibrium molecular dynamics study
Authors: Tanaka Kouichi , Ogata Shuji , Kobayashi Ryo , Tamura Tomoyuki , Kitsunezuka Masashi , Shinma Atsushi
Published: November 2013

Developing a composite material of polymers and micrometer-sized fillers with higher heat conductance is crucial to realize modular packaging of electronic components at higher densities. Enhancement mechanisms of the heat conductance of the polymer-filler interfaces by adding the surface-coupling agent in such a polymer composite material are investigated through the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. A simulation system is composed of α-alumina as the filler, bisphenol-A epoxy molecules as the polymers, and model molecules for the surface-coupling agent. The inter-atomic potential between the α-alumina and surface-coupling molecule, which is essential in the present MD simulation, is constructed to reproduce the calculated energies with the electronic density-functional theory. Through the non-equilibrium MD simulation runs, we find that the thermal resistance at the interface decreases significantly by increasing either number or lengths of the surface-coupling molecules and that the effective thermal conductivity of the system approaches to the theoretical value corresponding to zero thermal-resistance at the interface. Detailed analyses about the atomic configurations and local temperatures around the interface are performed to identify heat-transfer routes through the interface.
First-principles study of spin-transfer torque in Co2MnSi/Al/Co2MnSi spin-valve
Authors: Tang Ling , Yang Zejin
Published: November 2013

The spin-transfer torque (STT) in Co2MnSi(CMS)/Al/Co2MnSi spin-valve system with and without interfacial disorder is studied by a first-principles noncollinear wave-function-matching method. It is shown that in the case of clean interface the angular dependence of STT for CoCo/Al (the asymmetry parameter Λ≈4.5) is more skewed than that for MnSi/Al (Λ≈2.9), which suggests the clean CoCo/Al architecture is much more efficient for the application on radio frequency oscillation. We also find that even with interfacial disorder the spin-valve of half-metallic CMS still has a relatively large parameter Λ compared to that of conventional ferromagnet. In addition, for clean interface the in-plane torkance of MnSi/Al is about twice as large as that of CoCo/Al. However, as long as the degree of interfacial disorder is sufficiently large, the CoCo/Al and MnSi/Al will show approximately the same magnitude of in-plane torkance. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that CMS/Al/CMS system has very high efficiency of STT to switch the magnetic layer of spin-valve.
The evolution of Raman spectrum of graphene with the thickness of SiO2 capping layer on Si substrate
Authors: Liu Chu , Ma Yaoguang , Li Weisen , Dai Lun
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we have systematically studied the evolution of Raman spectrum of graphene with the thickness of SiO2 capping layer on Si substrate. We find that, for both monolayer and bilayer graphenes, the intensities of D, G, and 2D bands, together with the intensity ratio of 2D to G Raman bands (I2D/IG), oscillate quasi-periodically with SiO2 thickness increasing. The origin of the observed phenomena is theoretically analyzed. Our result shows that one must pay enough attention to the SiO2 thickness when using the Raman footprints, especially the commonly used I2D/IG, to identify the graphene layers transferred onto SiO2/Si substrate.
Tunable microwave impedance matching to a high impedance source using a Josephson metamaterial
Authors: Altimiras Carles , Parlavecchio Olivier , Joyez Philippe , Vion Denis , Roche Patrice , Esteve Daniel , Portier Fabien
Published: November 2013

We report the efficient coupling of a 50  Ω microwave circuit to a high impedance conductor. We use an impedance transformer consisting of a λ/4 co-planar resonator whose inner conductor contains an array of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), providing it with a tunable lineic inductance L∼80 μ0, resulting in a characteristic impedance ZC∼1 kΩ. The impedance matching efficiency is characterized by measuring the shot noise power emitted by a dc biased tunnel junction connected to the resonator. We demonstrate matching to impedances in the 15 to 35 kΩ range with bandwidths above 100 MHz around a resonant frequency tunable between 4 and 6 GHz.
Dimerization of LTβR by LTα1β2is necessary and sufficient for signal transduction
Authors: Sudhamsu Jawahar , Yin JianPing , Chiang Eugene Y. , Starovasnik Melissa A. , Grogan Jane L. , Hymowitz Sarah G.
Published: November 2013

Significance

Cytokines are proteins that modulate the activity of target cells via activation of cell-surface receptors. The trimeric cytokines of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily typically signal by inducing homotrimerization of their cognate receptors. We use structural and biophysical approaches to show that the unique heterotrimeric tumor necrosis factor superfamily member Lymphotoxin (LT)α1β2induces dimerization rather than trimerization of the LTβ Receptor (LTβR). Cellular signaling assays were used to show that dimerization of LTβR is sufficient to activate intracellular signaling processes. Furthermore, disruption of receptor interactions at either site prevents signaling via LTβR, challenging the existing paradigm that trimeric complexes are required for signal transduction by the TNF family cytokines.
False memories in highly superior autobiographical memory individuals
Authors: Patihis Lawrence , Frenda Steven J. , LePort Aurora K. R. , Petersen Nicole , Nichols Rebecca M. , Stark Craig E. L. , McGaugh James L. , Loftus Elizabeth F.
Published: November 2013

Significance

In a unique memory-distortion study with people with extraordinary memory ability, individuals with highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM) were as susceptible as controls to false memory. The findings suggest that HSAM individuals reconstruct their memories using associative grouping, as demonstrated by a word-list task, and by incorporating postevent information, as shown in misinformation tasks. The findings also suggest that the reconstructive memory mechanisms that produce memory distortions are basic and widespread in humans, and it may be unlikely that anyone is immune. The assumption that no one is immune from false memories has important implications in the legal and clinical psychology fields, where contamination of memory has had particularly important consequences in the past.
Reconstruction of protein networks from an atlas of maize seed proteotypes
Authors: Walley Justin W. , Shen Zhouxin , Sartor Ryan , Wu Kevin J. , Osborn Joshua , Smith Laurie G. , Briggs Steven P.
Published: November 2013

Significance

Here we report deep, quantitative, and replicated proteome analysis of a developing multicellular organism. We quantified protein abundance and levels of protein phosphorylation during development of the maize seed. The depth and quantitative nature of the data enabled a network-based approach to identify kinase-substrate relationships as well as the reconstruction of biochemical and signaling networks that underpin seed development and seed storage product production. We found that many of the most abundant proteins are not associated with detectable levels of their mRNAs and vice versa. These data significantly add to our understanding of seed development and facilitate knowledge-based crop improvement.
Beneficial innate signaling interference for antibacterial responses by a Toll-like receptor–mediated enhancement of the MKP-IRF3 axis
Authors: Negishi Hideo , Matsuki Kosuke , Endo Nobuyasu , Sarashina Hana , Miki Shoji , Matsuda Atsushi , Fukazawa Keiko , Taguchi-Atarashi Naoko , Ikushima Hiroaki , Yanai Hideyuki , Nishio Junko , Honda Kenya , Fujioka Yoichiro , Ohba Yusuke , Noda Tetsuo , Taniguchi Shun’ichiro , Nishida Eisuke , Zhang Yongliang , Chi Hongbo , Flavell Richard A. , Taniguchi Tadatsugu
Published: November 2013

Significance

Infection by a given pathogen results in stimulation of multiple classes of innate receptors in a cell, leading to activation of distinct signaling pathways. However, these pathways are not always beneficial to immune response against the pathogen. This study shows that, on infection by pathogenic bacterium
Listeria monocytogenes
, Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways suppress type I IFN gene induction that is mediated by stimulator of IFN genes. Type I IFNs are critical for antiviral immunity but detrimental to macrophage bactericidal activity. The TLR pathways selectively suppress IFN regulatory factor 3, an essential transcription factor for type I IFN gene induction, through induction/activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases, revealing a unique mechanism of beneficial innate signaling interference against bacterial infection.