bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Premature Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Trends in Incidence, Risk Factors, and Sex‐Related Differences, 2000 to 2016
Authors: Vikulova Diana N. , Grubisic Maja , Zhao Yinshan , Lynch Kelsey , Humphries Karin H. , Pimstone Simon N. , Brunham Liam R.
Published: July 2019

Background

The incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has declined in the past 2 decades. However, these benefits may not extend to young patients. The objective of this work was to assess temporal trends in the incidence, risk profiles, sex‐related differences, and outcomes in a contemporary population of young patients presenting with coronary artery disease (
CAD
) in British Columbia, Canada.

Methods and Results

We used a provincial cardiac registry to identify young patients (men aged <50 years, women aged <55 years), with a first presentation of
CAD
between 2000 and 2016, who had either ≥50% stenosis of ≥1 coronary arteries on angiography or underwent coronary revascularization. A total of 12 519 patients (30% women) met our inclusion criteria. The incidence of
CAD
remained stable and was higher for men than women (46–53 versus 18–23 per 100 000). Of patients, 92% had at least one traditional cardiovascular risk factor and 67% had multiple risk factors. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension increased during the study period and was higher for women. Women had fewer emergent procedures and revascularizations. Mortality rates decreased by 31% between 2000 and 2007, then were stable for the remaining 9 years. Mortality was significantly higher for women aged <45 years compared with men.

Conclusions

The incidence of premature
CAD
has not declined, and the prevalence of 3 major cardiovascular risk factors increased between 2000 and 2016. The risk burden and mortality rates were worse for women. These data have important implications for the design of strategies to prevent
CAD
in young adults.
Extubation Readiness in Critically Ill Stroke Patients
Authors: Suntrup-Krueger Sonja , Schmidt Sarah , Warnecke Tobias , Steidl Corinna , Muhle Paul , Schroeder Jens B. , Labeit Bendix , Minnerup Jens , Dziewas Rainer
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose—

Predicting safe extubation represents a clinical challenge in acute stroke patients. Classical respiratory weaning criteria have not proven reliable. Concerning the paramount relevance of postextubation dysphagia in this population, criteria related to airway safety seem to perform better, but diagnostic standards are lacking. We compare clinical and instrumental swallowing examination tools to assess extubation readiness and propose a simple Determine Extubation Failure in Severe Stroke score for decision making.

Methods—

Data of 133 orally intubated acute stroke patients were prospectively collected in this observational study. Classical extubation criteria, a modified semiquantitative airway score, and an oral motor function score were assessed before extubation. A 3-ounce water swallow test and validated 6-point fiberoptic endoscopic dysphagia severity scoring were performed thereafter. Association of demographic and clinical parameters with extubation failure (EF) was investigated. Independent predictors of EF were translated into a point scoring system. Ideal cutoff values were determined by receiver operator characteristics analyses.

Results—

Patients with EF (24.1% after 24±43 hours) performed worse in all swallowing assessments (
P
<0.001). Fiberoptic endoscopic dysphagia severity scoring was the only independent predictor of EF (adjusted odds ratio, 4.2;
P
<0.007) with optimal cutoff ≥5 (sensitivity 84.6% and specificity 76.5%). Restricting regression analysis to parameters collected before extubation, a 4-item Determine Extubation Failure in Severe Stroke score (duration of ventilation, the examination of oral motor function, infratentorial lesion, and stroke severity) was derived. The score demonstrated excellent discrimination (area under the curve 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83–0.95) and calibration (Nagelkerkes R
2
=0.54) with an ideal cutoff ≥4 (sensitivity: 81.3% and specificity: 78.2%).

Conclusions—

Risk of EF is strongly correlated with postextubation dysphagia severity in stroke. Fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing best predicts necessity of reintubation but requires a trial of extubation. The Determine Extubation Failure In Severe Stroke score is based on easy to collect clinical data and may guide extubation decision making in critically ill stroke patients.
Jesuit History, Theatre, and Spirituality
Authors: Muneroni Stefano
Published: July 2019

The 2014 staging and publication of Jonathan Moore’s play Inigo offers a unique commentary on the relationship between acting and spirituality within the Society of Jesus, the official name of the Jesuit Order. Through a close analysis of Moore’s play, this article contends that Jesuit spirituality draws on performative skills to inspire exemplary behavior and foster an embodied and long-lasting response to devotional narratives. In probing post-secular readings of hagiographical drama, the author considers the reasons for the ongoing fascination exerted by saints as stage characters in contemporary plays and argues that the success of Inigo is due to its humanistic reconfiguration of the notions of sanctity, faith, and redemption, as well as to its understanding of sainthood as the result of answering a religious and artistic vocation.
Two Overlooked Greek Manuscripts of 1 Clement
Authors: Lincicum David
Published: July 2019

This short article presents two late Greek manuscripts that partially preserve the text of 1 Clement. The first, BNF Suppl. gr. 64, fols. 105-112v (‘P’) is a 15th century manuscript containing 1 Clem. 40.5-60.4a, in a textual form affiliated with Codex Hierosolymitanus (Taphou 54). The second, EBE 1896, fols. 205-223 (‘E’), contains 1 Clement from the incipit through 31.3, and appears to be an apograph of Codex Alexandrinus.
Quranic Messages on Environmental Sustainability: an Expository Study of Its Relevance
Authors: Muhamad Asmawati , Syihab Abdul Halim , Achour Meguellati
Published: July 2019

The contemporary discourse of environmental sustainability has many values embedded in the teachings of the Quran and Sunna. The general outlook of the Quranic paradigm on utilizing the natural environment is based on the prohibition of aggression and misuse, as well as being founded on ideas of construction and sustainability. Unfortunately, in the contemporary world the Muslim community fails to pay sufficient attention to the relevant instructions in the Quran and Sunna. Thus, this article attempts to expand on key concepts within the Quran and Sunna which reveal the most important values for environmental sustainability. The research methodology employed in this paper is an analytical study of a number of Quranic verses with a particular focus on tafsīr bi al-maʾṯūr (explanation based on hadith), tafsīr bi al-raʾyi (explanation based on reason), and historical narrative. In short, this paper brings to light the importance of relevant classical and contemporary Quran and Sunna studies for improving human-nature relations and coexistence.
Reinstatement of Dovyalis revoluta (Flacourtieae, Salicaceae), with an updated key to the species of Dovyalis in southern Africa
Authors: BOON RICHARD G.C. , VAN WYK ABRAHAM E.
Published: July 2019

Dovyalis revoluta, almost since described included in D. zeyheri, is reinstated. This restricted-range endemic from South Africa is compared with other southern African members of the genus, in particular D. zeyheri. Illustrations, photographs, a distribution map and a revised description are provided. Also included is an updated key to the seven currently accepted members of Dovyalis in the Flora of southern Africa region. Dovyalis revoluta belongs to Dovyalis sect. Dovyalis, and has only been recorded from a small area in the province of KwaZulu-Natal near the town of Hluhluwe. Most plants are known from the False Bay Park section of the Isimangaliso Wetland Park, a World Heritage Site. Dovyalis revoluta is clearly distinguished from other southern African members of the genus by having relatively large (ca. 22–25 mm in diam.), subglobose, orange fruit, with the surface minutely and densely papillate and the calyx lobes (tepals) tightly revolute, but not accrescent, after flowering. Furthermore, the vegetative parts are essentially glabrous and the leaves are usually entire and not distinctly three-veined from the base. Domatia are absent. A preliminary population assessment, including an estimate of the sex ratio, was conducted at False Bay Park. Based on IUCN Red List categories and criteria, a conservation assessment of “Critically Endangered” is recommended for this species.
Deep-sea taxonomy — a contribution to our knowledge of biodiversity (cover)
Authors: BRÖKELAND WIEBKE , GEORGE KAI HORST
Published: July 2019

(cover)
Deep-sea nematodes of the family Microlaimidae from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (North-Eastern Tropic Pacific), with the descriptions of three new species
Authors: MILJUTIN DMITRY M. , MILJUTINA MARIA A.
Published: July 2019

The description of six species of family Microlaimidae (Nematoda), from 5,000 m depth at the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (North-Eastern Tropic Pacific), is given. Three previously described species (Microlaimus discolensis Bussau et Vopel, 1999; M. porosus Bussau et Vopel, 1999; and Caligocanna mirabilis Bussau et Vopel, 1999) were found about 5200 km far from the area where the type specimens were originally discovered (the Peru Basin, South-East Pacific). Of the new species, Aponema martinezi sp. n. is closest to two other Aponema species, A. minutissima Kovalyov and Miljutina, 2008 and A. nanum (Blome, 1982). However, it differs from them in having a non-set-off head, amphids located quite far from the non-annulated cephalic capsule, and by possessing the gubernaculum with the apophysis. Microlaimus abyssalis sp. n. belongs to a group of Microlaimus species with dorsocaudal apophyses of gubernaculum. It differs from other four Microlaimus species which have apophyses of similar shape (M. crassiceps Gerlach, 1953; M. decraemerae (Muthumbi & Vincx, 1999); M. mnazi (Muthumbi & Vincx, 1999); and M. undulates Gerlach, 1953) by lacking of supplementary precloacal organs in males and some other body parameters. Microlaimus parviporosus sp. n. possesses four submedian rows of pores along its entire body length. In this feature it resembles three other Microlaimus species (M. cyatholaimoides de Man, 1922; M. discolensis Bussau and Vopel, 1999; and M. porosus Bussau and Vopel, 1999). The new species differs from M. cyatholaimoides and M. porosus by the ratio of the length of the outer labial setae and of the cephalic setae (approximately of equal length in the new species vs. the much longer cephalic setae in two latter species) as well as some other parameters. The new species differs from M. discolensis by its shorter head setae of two rings (1.2 μm vs. 6–9 μm) and some other parameters.
Description of Bathynema nodinauti gen. n., sp. n. and four new Trophomera species (Nematoda: Benthimermithidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Eastern Tropic Pacific), supplemented with the keys to genera and species
Authors: MILJUTIN DMITRY M. , MILJUTINA MARIA A.
Published: July 2019

Seven specimens of the family Benthimermithidae from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Eastern Tropic Pacific), from the depths 4,800–5,040 m, were examined. Bathynema nodinauti gen. et sp. n. is described. The new genus differs from other genera of Benthimermithidae by the presence of an inner pharyngeal lumen. Four new species of Trophomera are also described. Body length of female of T. elegantis sp. n. approximately 1.5 mm; body cylindrical, anterior and posterior ends in shape of rounded cone; cephalic setae 2.0–2.5 μm long; trophosome consisting of 1 row of cells; female reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic, occupying approximately 1/6 of total body length; ovaries reflected; diameter of mature eggs 17 μm; males not found. Body length of female of T. minutissima sp. n. 0.9 mm; body cylindrical, with thickest body part at anterior half of body; anterior and posterior ends rounded; cephalic setae 1.5 μm long; trophosome consisting of 1 row of cells; female reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic, occupying approximately 1/3 of total body length; ovaries reflected; size of mature eggs 24x23 μm; males not found. Body length of female of T. pacifica sp. n. 5.4 mm; body cylindrical, anterior end rounded; posterior end conical, with thick conical terminal spine 81 μm long, showing granular core; cephalic setae 2.5 μm long inserted in tiny pits; trophosome consisting of 1 row of cells; female reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic, occupying approximately 2/3 of total body length; ovaries outstretched; size of mature eggs 34x20 μm; males not found. Body length of female of T. senckenbergi sp. n. 1.6 mm; body fusiform; anterior and posterior ends in shape of a cone with rounded tip; cephalic setae 2 μm long; trophosome consisting of 1 row of cells; female reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic, occupying approximately 1/6 of total body length; ovaries non-reflected; males not found. The new finding of T. marionensis is recorded. One rest specimen (in bad condition) of a new species is described as a morphotype. A dichotomous key to the genera of the Benthimermithidae and tabular keys to Trophomera species are presented.
Description of four new species of Mesocletodes Sars, 1909 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Argestidae) and redescription of Mesocletodes robustus Por, 1965 from the South Atlantic, including remarks on the Mesocletodes abyssicola-group
Authors: MENZEL LENA , GEORGE KAI HORST
Published: July 2019

The present paper focuses on taxonomic and phylogenetic investigations of the family Argestidae Por, 1986. Samples, collected during the cruise DIVA 1 (M48/1) to the Angola Basin on board of RV “Meteor” (2000), contain amongst others several specimens belonging to the Mesocletodes abyssicola-group (Harpacticoida, Argestidae) which includes ten species so far. This paper deals with the description of Mesocletodes angolaensis sp. nov., M. bicornis sp. nov., M. dorsiprocessus sp. nov. and M. meteorensis sp. nov. as well as the redescription of Mesocletodes robustus Por, 1965. The four new species bear cuticular processes on the cephalothorax and/or telson, as is characteristic for the Mesocletodes abyssicola-group. These processes are supposed to be of high phylogenetic value, since they do not occur in any other taxon within the Argestidae, and are always inserted at the same position. Therefore, the Mesocletodes abyssicola-group is herein considered monophyletic.
Description of two new species of Dorsiceratus Drzycimski, 1967 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ancorabolidae) from Sedlo and Seine Seamounts (Northeastern Atlantic) and remarks on the phylogenetic status of the genus
Authors: GEORGE KAI HORST , PLUM CHRISTOPH
Published: July 2019

Two new species of Dorsiceratus Drzycimski, 1967 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Ancorabolidae), Dorsiceratus wilhelminae sp. nov. and D. dinah sp. nov. are described from Sedlo and Seine Seamounts, respectively (both northeast Atlantic). These are the first records of Dorsiceratus species from seamount summits. Both new species resemble the described species D. octocornis Drzycimski, 1967, D. triarticulatus Coull, 1973, and D. ursulae George, 2006, with respect to most morphological features. On the other hand, D. wilhelminae sp. nov. has long spinules at the inner margin of the A2 enp, while D. dinah sp. nov. bears two, rather than one, tubepores dorsally on third abdominal somite, and a geniculate first outer seta on P1 exp2. These characters are considered as apomorphic relative to the described Dorsiceratus species. As discussed in the present paper, the maintenance of a genus Dorsiceratus appears to be problematic. Although specimens may be assigned without difficulty to a group “Dorsiceratus”, such assignments are based on diagnostic features only; no clear-cut apomorphies have been detected so far to characterize the monophyly of Dorsiceratus. Just two apomorphic characters appear to be synapomorphies for all of the described Dorsiceratus species: 1) P2 enp2 with one rather than two setae and 2) P4 exp sexually dimorphic. Unfortunately, these features are relatively widespread within the Ceratonotus-group sensu Conroy-Dalton (2001) and therefore of rather low value. The authors decided, however, to retain the genus Dorsiceratus until new insights provide more information to support or disprove that hypothesis.
Nyxis rostrocularis, a new genus and species of Paranannopinae Por, 1986 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from the Southern Atlantic deep sea
Authors: WILLEN ELKE
Published: July 2019

The species diversity of Copepoda Harpacticoida at several sampling locations in the Southern Atlantic has been investigated. From the obtained multicorer samples, a new taxon of Paranannopinae Por, 1986, Nyxis rostrocularis gen. nov., sp. nov., has been collected, which is described in the present paper. Specimens of the taxon have been encountered in the Angola Basin (DIVA 1 stations 325 and 346), in the Weddell Sea (ANDEEP station 138) and the Cape Basin (DIVA 1I station 36). Nyxis gen. nov. belongs to the group of paranannopid taxa bearing mouthpart aesthetascs. It can be characterised by several autapomorphies discussed in this paper, but takes up a quite isolated position within the Paranannopinae bearing mouthpart aethetascs.
Kliopsyllus schminkei sp. n. (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Paramesochridae)  a new copepod from the southeast Atlantic deep sea (Angola Basin)
Authors: VEIT-KÖHLER GRITTA , DREWES JAN
Published: July 2019

A new species of Kliopsyllus (Paramesochridae) has been collected with a multicorer from the abyssal Angola Basin in 2000 (on the DIVA-1 cruise, RV Meteor 48/1). Kliopsyllus schminkei sp. n. is the second most abundant Kliopsyllus- species in the Angola Basin and raises the number of valid members of the genus to 33. The new species is placed in the genus Kliopsyllus because of its typical segmentation and the setation of the swimming legs. K. schminkei sp. n. is unique within the genus and can be distinguished from the other species by a large apical pore on the P5 baseoendopodal lobes of the male, a length:width ratio of the furcal rami of 9 to 10:1 in both sexes, and an exceptional ratio of the length of the furcal rami to the whole body size of one fourth in the female and one fifth in the male. The new species is one of the four deep-sea Kliopsyllus-species described until now.
First record of the genus Kliopsyllus Kunz, 1962 (Copepoda Harpacticoida, Paramesochridae) from Northeastern Brazil with description of the deep-sea species Kliopsyllus minor sp. nov.
Authors: VASCONCELOS DANIELLE MENOR , VEIT-KÖHLER GRITTA , DREWES JAN , SANTOS PAULO JORGE PARREIRA DOS
Published: July 2019

Sediment samples were collected from the deep sea adjacent to the State of Sergipe (Northeastern Brazil) within the framework of the Sergipe Continental Slope Environmental Characterization Project (coordinated by PETROBRAS, the Brazilian Petroleum Company S/A). These revealed a new species of the family Paramesochridae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Kliopsyllus minor sp. nov. is the smallest species discovered in this genus, with a body length of 0.19 mm in the adult male. Furthermore, it is one of the three Kliopsyllus species registered from the deep sea so far. In almost all Kliopsyllus species, the endopod of P4 is one-segmented. Only three species, i.e. Kliopsyllus andeep Veit-Köhler, 2004 from the abyssal Weddell Sea, a new species by Veit-Köhler and Thistle from the San Diego Trough (deep Pacific Ocean) and the new species presented here, show a two-segmented endopod in the P4. Kliopsyllus andeep is distinguished by the presence of strong, chitinous processes at the telson, and additional setae at the endopods of P3 and P4. The new Pacific species and the new species from Brazil can be distinguished by the shape of the segments of the swimming legs and detailed characteristics of their setae and spines.
Editorial: Deep-sea taxonomy  a contribution to our knowledge of biodiversity
Authors: BRÖKELAND WIEBKE , GEORGE KAI HORST
Published: July 2019

It is with great pleasure that we finished the compilation of this, the second special volume on deep-sea taxonomy in the year commemorating Darwin (2009). It is exactly 150 years after the publication of Darwin’s most notable work “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life”. This remains the basis of our understanding of the history and diversity of life, the latter of which is expressed by the immense number of species inhabiting our planet in past and present.
Macrostylis cerritus sp. nov., a new species of Macrostylidae (Isopoda: Asellota) from the Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean
Authors: VEY AIDAN , BRIX SASKIA
Published: July 2019

Macrostylis cerritus sp. nov. (Macrostylidae) is described from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, at a depth of 2149 m. The new species differs from other species of Macrostylis due to the incisor with 4 cusps; the strongly hook-shaped ischium of pereopod 3; pereopod 4 being greatly reduced and juvenile in appearance; the operculum bearing a ventral spine-like seta; and the absence of pleopod 5. This species is the fourth deep-sea macrostylid identified from the Southern Ocean, and is one more species described from the specimens of ANDEEP I–III expeditions.
Nymphodora gen. nov., a new genus of Nannoniscidae Hansen, 1916 (Isopoda, Asellota, Janiroidea) from the high Arctic
Authors: KAISER STEFANIE
Published: July 2019

A new isopod genus is described from the Canada Basin, Nymphodora gen. nov. The type species of the genus, Nymphodora fletcheri (Paul & George, 1975) comb. nov., was first described as Desmosomatidae in the genus Mirabilicoxa and then later assigned to Chelibranchus by Kussakin (1999). However, the species bears characters with a greater affinity to Nannoniscidae, such as a bulbous terminal article of antenna 1 and fusions of the pereonites 6, 7 and pleotelson. Here, the species is redescribed and transferred to a new genus in Nannoniscidae.
Cumacea (Crustacea, Peracarida) in the deep Mediterranean, with the description of one new species
Authors: MÜHLENHARDT-SIEGEL UTE
Published: July 2019

Cumacean specimens were analysed from the expeditions of RV Meteor to the eastern Mediterranean in 1993 (Me 25/1) and 1998 (Me 40). Sampling depth ranged from 45 to 4391 m for the Me 25/1 expedition and from 1129 to 1876 m for the Me 40 expedition. In total, 29 species were identified of which one, Campylaspis aegypta sp. nov., is new to science. The horizontal and vertical distribution, the faunal overlap with the Atlantic and endemism of Cumacea in the Mediterranean are discussed. The age of the fauna is considered to be relatively young because of the faunal overlap with the eastern Atlantic and the paucity of endemic higher taxa.
A clearly identifiable postlarva in the life cycle of a new species of Pliciloricus (Loricifera) from the deep sea of the Angola Basin
Authors: GAD GUNNAR
Published: July 2019

A newly discovered species of Pliciloricus from the deep sea of the Angola Basin (Namibia, Atlantic) seems to have two types of postlarvae in its life cycle. Type I is a simplified but clearly identifiable postlarval stage, the other type II consists only of a thin layer of cuticle as the remnant of a postlarva. Both types contain adults that have moulted from them. The simplified type I postlarva has a fully developed lorica with an ornamentation identical to that of the adult, but other body regions are reduced with only a few structures left. The discovery of this clearly identifiable postlarva is important, because it supports the conclusion that Pliciloricus-species originally moults from postlarval stages as well as other taxa of Loricifera. Furthermore, it could be concluded that the simple cuticle layer surrounding most adults found during their metamorphosis is the remnant of a postlarval stage. The life cycle of the new species seems to include two phases. After to the bisexual is a unisexual phase, represented by a simplified parthenogenetic adult stage which lacks most parts of the adult morphology. The adults of P. diva sp. n. differ from other species in having among others (1) a mouth cone with four strong cuticular bars plus eight primary oral ridges; (2) leaf-like clavoscalids which are very broad basally and narrow distally, and have more than 22 transverse cross walls; (3) a strongly sclerotized double-organ consisting of four rami; (4) large spinoscalids of second row shorter than clavoscalids, (5) short type B spinoscalids of fourth row with claw-tips and with a double row of five teeth as well as distally with a double row of minute denticles; (6) an anterior margin of the lorica with bicuspid protrusions and specific crescent-shaped ornamentations; (7) a midventral plica with five bar-like transversal strengthened ridges. Distinguishing features of the Higgins-larva are (1) short clavoscalids with broad second segments; (3) a collar with seven flosculi located in small pits; posterolateral setae being short but strong and pod-like. The study also revealed new information about the double-organ of the adult and the buccal structures of the Higgins-larva.
Spirodesma magdae nov. gen. nov. sp. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the Brazilian deep sea (Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
Authors: DA FONSECA CAVALCANTI MARIANA , DA SILVA MARIA CRISTINA , DA FONSÊCA-GENEVOIS VERÔNICA
Published: July 2019

A new genus and species of Desmodoridae was found in deep-sea sediments of the Campos Basin. Although the cuticle annulation of the new species is similar to members of Desmodorinae, many morphological features are strong enough to classify it within the Spiriniinae. Spirodesma magdae nov. gen. nov. sp. is characterized mainly by the presence of a unique form of unispired amphids, with circular amphideal fovea, and a buccal cavity with three equal teeth, one dorsal and two ventrosublateral.
Xalpirta mauryi sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Tritomini) from Southeast Brazil
Authors: PECCI-MADDALEN ITALO SALVATORE DE CASTRO , LOPES-ANDRADE CRISTIANO , SKELLEY PAUL
Published: July 2019

Xalpirta mauryi sp. nov. (Erotylidae: Tritomini) is described from Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (in the state of Rio de Janeiro) and Campos do Jordão (in the state of São Paulo), Southeast Brazil. Xalpirta mauryi differs from other described Xalpirta in the uniformly green dorsal coloration, with a metallic sheen, and pronotum without spots or black marks. The pore on the posterior 1/3 of each pronotal edge (present in the other Xalpirta) is apparently absent in X. mauryi. We provide a detailed description of adults, including morphology of mouthparts, and male and female terminalia. Additionally, we discuss the morphological affinities of X. mauryi with other species in the genus and with species of other closely related genera within Tritomini, and provide a new geographical record for X. maderi in Southeast Brazil.
Revision of Mesothymbris Evans, 1956, from the Late Triassic of Mount Crosby, Queensland (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Hylicelloidea: Hylicellidae)
Authors: LAMBKIN KEVIN J.
Published: July 2019

New specimens and a re-examination of their holotypes have clarified the status of five species of the extinct cicadomorphan family Hylicellidae from the Late Triassic (Norian) Mount Crosby Formation of south-eastern Queensland. All were found to be conspecific, resulting in the following synonymies: Mesothymbris Evans, 1956 (= Triassoscytina Evans, 1956, syn. nov. = (in part) Triassoscytinopsis Evans, 1956, syn. nov.), Mesothymbris perkinsi Evans, 1956 (= Mesothymbris woodwardi Evans, 1956, syn. nov. = Triassoscytina incompleta Evans, 1956, syn. nov. = Triassoscytinopsis stenulata Evans, 1956, syn. nov. = Triassoscytinopsis aberrans Evans, 1956, syn. nov.). The Hylicellidae is still poorly defined as is its generic composition. Mesothymbris, however, is clearly distinct from the other Mount Crosby hylicellids, Hylicella Evans, 1956, and Triassocotis, Evans, 1956, in the quite distal primary fork of R, the angled RA at the point of separation of RA1 with RA2 directed towards the apex of the tegmen, the upright RA1, the shape of the intra-medial cell, and CuA just distal to the basal cell strongly curved and very closely approximating the claval suture. The new synonymies further clarify the composition of the cicadomorphan fauna of the Mount Crosby Formation, which as a result of this and other recent revisions, now comprises 16 nominal species in the Dysmorphoptilidae, Hylicellidae and Mesojabloniidae, as well as three species incertae sedis. In the presence of Dysmorphoptilidae and Hylicellidae, the Mount Crosby cicadomorphan fauna is similar to that of the younger Late Triassic Blackstone Formation at nearby Denmark Hill and Dinmore. It differs significantly, however, in the absence, after 90 years of collecting of 100s of specimens, of any representatives of the Dunstaniidae, Mesogereonidae, or Tettigarctidae, families so characteristic of the Denmark Hill/Dinmore fauna. Whether this difference is biogeographical, ecological, or simply as a result of differential preservation is unknown.
Migration to the United States from Indigenous Communities in Mexico
Authors: Asad Asad L. , Hwang Jackelyn
Published: July 2019

Research on Mexican migration to the United States has long noted how the characteristics of sending communities structure individuals’ opportunities for international movement. This literature has seldom considered the concentration of indigenous residents (those with origins in pre-Hispanic populations) in migrant-sending communities. Drawing on data from 143 communities surveyed by the Mexican Migration Project, and supplemented with data from the Mexican Census, this article uses multilevel models to describe how the share of indigenous residents in a migrant-sending community relates to different aspects of the migratory process. We focus on (1) the decision to migrate to the United States, and (2) the documentation used on migrants’ first U.S. trip. We do not find that the concentration of indigenous residents in a sending community is associated with the decision to migrate to the United States. However, we do find that people in communities with relatively high indigenous populations are more likely to migrate as undocumented rather than documented migrants. We conclude that the concentration of indigenous peoples in communities likely indicates economic and social disadvantage, which limits the residents’ possibilities for international movement.
Challenging Employer Control within the H-2A and H-2B Visa Programs
Authors: Moorefield Bryan
Published: July 2019

Migrants holding H-2A and H-2B visas—contracted labor migrants—predominate in the new migration system that has emerged between Mexico and the United States. These migrants have been growing numerically in an era when net Mexico-U.S. migration has fallen to zero and undocumented migration is negative. These migrants are committed to contracts that require them to work for one employer, at a specified job, in a particular place, for a set duration of time, or risk loss of legal status and deportation. When visas were scarce, as they have been historically, this effectively gave employers monopoly over their contracted workers. This article describes the current system, particularly with respect to the U.S. labor market and the geography of both Mexico and the United States. With more employers now seeking H-2A and H-2B workers, the current moment may provide migrant workers with greater leverage to challenge the dominance of labor contractors and employers by moving among firms, industries, markets, and states from one contract to the next.
Gender and Health in Mexico: Differences between Returned Migrants and Nonmigrants
Authors: Donato Katharine M. , Hamilton Erin R. , Bernard-Sasges Anthony
Published: July 2019

This study considers gender differences in the health of Mexican migrants who return to Mexico from the United States, and Mexican nonmigrants. We use health data before and after migration to examine disparities in women’s and men’s childhood and adult health, comparing returned migrants and nonmigrants in Mexico. Using data on more than 14,000 household heads and their spouses interviewed between 2007 and 2016 in the Mexican Migration Project, we find evidence of only a few gendered patterns of health among migrants. Specifically, women migrants are more positively selected on height than are male migrants. We also find a stronger, positive association between migration and smoking among women: although women are less likely to smoke than men, the difference is smaller among returned migrants than among nonmigrants. In contrast, we find no evidence that the positive migrant selection on self-rated health at age 14, or negative migrant selection on emotional disorders, varies by gender, or that there is an association among migration and obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease.
Kṣētrayya: The making of a Telugu poet
Authors: Kamath Harshita Mruthinti
Published: July 2019

Kṣētrayya is the attributed author of Telugu padams (short lyrical poems) dedicated to Muvva Gōpāla, a form of the Hindu deity Kṛṣṇa. Kṣētrayya is commonly described as a peripatetic poet from the village of Muvva in Telugu-speaking South India who wandered south to the Nāyaka courts of Tanjavur in the seventeenth century. Contrary to popular and scholarly assumptions about this poet, this article argues that Kṣētrayya was not a historical figure, but rather, a literary persona constructed into a Telugu bhakti poet-saint through the course of three centuries of literary reform. A close reading of selected padams attributed to Kṣētrayya reveals the uniquely tangible world of female sexuality painted by the speakers of these poems. However, these padams became sanitized through the course of colonial and post-colonial anti-nautch and Telugu literary reform. In line with this transformation, the hagiography of the poet Kṣētrayya was carefully molded to fit a prefabricated typology of a Telugu bhakti poet-saint. Countering the longstanding narrative of solo male authorship, the article raises the possibility that these padams were composed by multiple authors, including vēśyas (courtesans).
Harnessing Solar Energy Through Photovoltaic System in Chandigarh: A Step Towards Preparing for Climate Change
Authors: Mishra Purva
Published: July 2019

Climate is rapidly changing with disruptive impacts. Without decisive action, energy-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions would lead to climate degradation. All types of energy efficiency technologies will require widespread deployment, as global warming is likely to reach 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052, if it continues to increase at the current rate. Photovoltaic (PV) energy is one of the most promising emerging technologies in mitigating the impact of climate change. PV is the name of a method of converting solar energy into direct current electricity. Therefore, the objectives of this article are to study the initiatives taken by energy development agencies in India for promoting renewable sources of energy, to study the use of solar power as a renewable source of energy through PV system and to analyse the solar PV rooftop system in Chandigarh as a case study. The article is an empirical study based on primary data. For the purpose of collecting the primary data, a structured questionnaire was prepared for citizens and an interview schedule for officials. The results of the study show that the majority of the citizens were satisfied with the solar photovoltaic (SPV) installations in Chandigarh, while a very few of them were dissatisfied and their dissatisfaction revolved around getting clearances from different departments.
Democratization and budget openness: evidence from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan
Authors: Fong Brian C.H.
Published: July 2019

The existing literature postulates that budget openness often improves at critical moments of democratization. Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, which are transitional regimes currently experiencing different regime trajectories, should be ideal places to test the validity of this theory. By examining whether and how open budget reforms in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are related to their regime trajectories through historical-comparative case studies, this article aims to make an original contribution to the comparative budgeting literature by providing a new and unique set of Open Budget Survey-based case studies in the context of East Asian transitional regimes.

Points for practitioners

This article uses comparative studies of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan to illustrate the politics of budget openness facing policymakers in the process of democratization. For policymakers, the lesson from the comparative studies is that the rise of competitive electoral and legislative politics will bring about pressures for open budget reforms. More policy learning is necessary for policymakers from different types of political regimes to share the experiences of handling the politics of budget openness.
Perspectives on Opportunities and Challenges for Medicare Advantage Plans to Address Social Determinants of Health via the CHRONIC Care Act
Authors: Sorbero Melony E. , Kranz Ashley M.
Published: July 2019

There is increasing recognition of the role of social determinants of health (SDOH) in the ability of Medicare Advantage (MA) enrollees to obtain needed care. The 2018 CHRONIC Care Act established Special Supplemental Benefits for the Chronically Ill (SSBCI), which for the first time gives MA plans the flexibility to provide supplemental benefits to enrollees to address SDOH. Given the role of SDOH in chronic disease, this represents an opportunity for MA plans to address underlying issues not strictly health care related with which MA enrollees struggle and that affect their overall health. MA plans have experimented with different approaches to address SDOH but have been limited by the lack of ability to offer services as part of covered benefits and reliance on partnerships, grants, and other funding sources to support the provision of these services. The effect of this policy and how it may evolve before implementation begins in 2020 remains uncertain as we wait to see how MA plans will interpret eligibility criteria and services offered without any additional allotted funding.
Fred Trump, the Ku Klux Klan and Grassroots Redlining in Interwar America
Authors: Ayers Oliver
Published: July 2019

The arrest of Fred Trump during a Ku Klux Klan (KKK) rally in New York City in 1927 came to light during the 2016 election campaign, but no one grasped its full historical significance. This article sets this contentious episode within the larger history of the Klan and the racial contests that scarred life in the interwar metropolitan fringe to produce a new account of how racially segregated communities were formed. The article finds a decade-long contested process of overlapping layers, driven by debates over race and national identity; tense relationships between community groups; the political machinery of city, state and federal governments; competition between civic groups for access to services; and all set against a turbulent speculative world of interwar real estate. The article argues racially redlined communities were created by a decade-long grassroots battle fought from below just as much as they were imposed from above by political decision-makers.
The Effect of Extranodal Extension on Survival in Laryngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Bulğurcu Suphi , İdil Mehmet , Küçük Ülkü , Çukurova İbrahim
Published: July 2019

It is known that lymph node metastasis lowers the survival rates in laryngeal carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the effect of extranodal extension in lymph node metastasis on survival. The demographic characteristics and histopathologic results of 81 patients who underwent total laryngectomy and neck dissection due to advanced larynx squamous cell carcinoma between 2011 and 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into 3 groups by lymph node metastasis status as reactive lymph node (group 1), lymph node metastasis without detected extranodal extension (group 2), and lymph node metastasis with detected extranodal extension (group 3). Survival analysis was performed between these 3 groups. In the patient population with a mean age of 61.56 years consisting of 6 females and 75 males, demographic characteristics between groups were comparable. Overall survival (OS) rates were detected to be 81% in group 1, 69.2% in group 2, and 61.5% in group 3. Two-year OS rates were detected to be 66.7% in group 1, 46.2% in group 2, and 38.5% in group 3. Statistical difference was detected between group 1 and group 3 both for OS and 2-year OS ( P = .014, P = .008, respectively). No statistical difference was detected between group 2 and group 1, and between group 2 and group 3. In this study, we found a negative effect of detecting neck lymphadenopathy metastasis and extranodal extension on survival in patients who underwent total laryngectomy and neck dissection due to advanced laryngeal carcinoma.
Hospitality as a Ritual Liminal-Stage Relationship with Transformative Power: Social Dynamics of Hospitality and Patronage in the Third Epistle of John
Authors: Lorencin Igor
Published: July 2019

Hospitality is a ritual liminal-stage relationship with transformative power. In this article, I am testing my thesis about hospitality within the third epistle of John. In writing recommendation for strangers, the elder of 3 John sought to speed up the ritual liminal stage of hospitality so as to make strangers acceptable to the local church. Gaius was ready to give the strangers a chance and to enter the liminal stage for the purpose of transforming them into a new status as his household's friends. On the other hand, Diotrephes practiced patronage, which included no liminality and no expectation of passage or transformation of social roles, but rather kept the social status quo and protected his area of influence. It follows from this analysis that hospitality with its liminality contributes to social change and renewal, while patronage contributes to social stability and continuation.
Thinking the future of work through the history of right to work claims
Authors: Scotto Pablo
Published: July 2019

The wide presence of the right to work in national and international legal texts contrasts with a lack of agreement about the concrete content of this right. According to the hegemonic interpretation, it consists of two elements: (a) extension of wage labour and (b) significant improvement of working conditions. However, if we study the history of right to work claims, especially from the French Revolution to 1848, we can notice that the meaning of this right was rather wider in the past. Rescuing the historical significance of the right to work may help to face the problem of the future of work. In particular, and unlike what might seem at first sight, the claim that everyone should have his or her right to work guaranteed can be a way of articulating and concretizing issues such as workplace democracy, the organization of domestic work or the transition to a sustainable society.
Intrarenal Renin–Angiotensin System Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Progressive Nephropathy—Bridging the Informational Gap Between Disciplines
Authors: Obert Leslie A. , Frazier Kendall S.
Published: July 2019

Chronic progressive nephropathy (CPN) is the most commonly encountered spontaneous background finding in laboratory rodents. Various theories on its pathogenesis have been proposed, but there is a paucity of data regarding specific mechanisms or physiologic pathways involved in early CPN development. The current CPN mechanism of action for tumorigenesis is largely based on its associated increase in tubular cell proliferation without regard to preceding subcellular degenerative changes. Combing through the published literature from multiple biology disciplines provided insight into the preceding cellular events. Mechanistic pathways involved in the progressive age-related decline in rodent kidney function and several key inflexion points have been identified. These critical pathway factors were then connected using data from renal models from multiple rodent strains, other species, and mechanistic work in humans to form a cohesive picture of pathways and protein interactions. Abundant data linked similar renal pathologies to local events involving hypoxia (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α), altered intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS), oxidative stress (nitric oxide), and pro-inflammatory pathways (transforming growth factor β), with positive feedback loops and downstream effectors amplifying the injury and promoting scarring. Intrarenal RAS alterations seem to be central to all these events and may be critical to CPN development and progression.
The measurement of populist attitudes: Testing cross-national scales using item response theory
Authors: Van Hauwaert Steven M , Schimpf Christian H , Azevedo Flavio
Published: July 2019

Recent research in the populism literature has devoted considerable efforts to the conceptualisation and examination of populism on the individual level, that is, populist attitudes. Despite rapid progress in the field, questions of adequate measurement and empirical evaluation of measures of populist attitudes remain scarce. Seeking to remedy these shortcomings, we apply a cross-national measurement model, using item response theory, to six established and two new populist indicators. Drawing on a cross-national survey (nine European countries, n = 18,368), we engage in a four-folded analysis. First, we examine the commonly used 6-item populism scale. Second, we expand the measurement with two novel items. Third, we use the improved 8-item populism scale to further refine equally comprehensive but more concise and parsimonious populist measurements. Finally, we externally validate these sub-scales and find that some of the proposed sub-scales outperform the initial 6- and 8-item scales. We conclude that existing measures of populism capture moderate populist attitudes, but face difficulties measuring more extreme levels, while the individual information of some of the populist items remains limited. Altogether, this provides several interesting routes for future research, both within and between countries.