bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADULTERATION OF CRUDE DRUGS AVAILABLE IN THE LOCAL MARKET OF KARACHI
Authors: Sharif Hina
Published: November 2023

Medicinal flora and their isolated constituents have long been consumed for the maintenance of health and management of diverse ailments. In the trade and commerce of herbal medicines the major problem is adulteration. It may be due the lack of knowledge and sometimes intentional for the profit enrichment. In the present study the sample of twenty crude drugs including Terminalia chebula, Nigella sativa, Onosma bracteatum, Cucumis melo, Cassia senna, Vitex negundo, Piper nigrum, Sesamum indicum, Lallemantia royleana, Foenicum vulgare, Wrightia tinctoria, Sphaeranthus indicus, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Coriandrum sativum, Althea officinalis, Peganum harmala, Datura stramonium, Emblica officinalis, Pimpenella anisumand, Viola odorata were procured from local market and tested for adulteration according to the test of foreign matters in British Pharmacopeia 2019. Out of twenty crude drugs five of them including Cassia senna, Wrightia tinctoria, Althea officinalis, Pimpenella anisumand, Viola odorata have shown 2.257%, 3.6%, 7.2%, 14.27% and 4.356% adulteration respectively. The present study indicated 20% of specimen is adulterated which shows that adulteration existed in the crude drugs available in local market. There is a need of awareness and control methods to curtail such practice.
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF PHARMACY PROFESSIONALS TOWARDS COVID-19: SURVEY OF PHARMACY STUDENT’S COMPLIANCE OF SOPS IN COMBATING THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Younus Ishrat , Maqbool Sidra , Jameel Khan Sarah
Published: November 2023

Covid-19 is a highly contagious disease caused by SARS-COV2. It is first time observed in Wuhan, Hubei, Mainland China. This virus belongs to β-corona virus family and bats are considered as the natural host for this disease. WHO has declared the emergency situation throughout the world due to the outbreak of Covid-19. In this disease mainly respiratory tract is infected and results in the death of person. Cases of Covid-19 were also reported in Pakistan. This study is especially designed to observe the awareness of this pandemic among Pharmacy students of Karachi, Pakistan studying both in private and public sector Universities through online survey forms. All Professional students are allowed to participate in this study. It is good to know that students have significant awareness regarding the prevention, treatment and transmission of Covid-19.
OMEGA-UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS – THEIR PRESENCE IN THENUTRITIONAL REGIME FOR THE PREVENTION OF CERTAIN SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT DISEASES
Authors: Hadzhieva Bozhidarka
Published: November 2023

The essential fatty acids provide normal biological functions of the human body and are an important part of the dietary intake in the prophylaxis and prevention of various diseases cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, arthritis, asthma, and autoimmune disorders. In this study, we present the results of a survey on the intake of dietary supplements containing omega-unsaturated fatty acids in addition to the diet to prevent some socially significant diseases. As a result of the survey, to satisfy the respondents' desire regarding the quality of the food supplements offered, we have developed a gas chromatographic method. The results of the study highlight the benefits of taking omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid among different age groups for a better quality of life. We also offer a fast and reliable analytical method to verify the quality and safety of the food supplements on the market in Bulgaria.
A REVIEW OF ROLE OF X-RAY DIFFRACTION IN STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
Authors: Iqtadar Rabia , Rehmat Saira , Asghar Saira
Published: November 2023

The importance of structural elucidation via X-ray diffraction (XRD) in drug discovery cannot be overstated. It plays a pivotal role in advancing drug development and design by providing valuable insights into the three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules, such as proteins and enzymes. This review will investigate the different XRD techniques employed in studying the structures of biological macromolecules and explore its role in drug discovery, including target identification, validation, rational drug design, and lead optimization. The review aims to systematically analyze the strengths and limitations of XRD in revealing the structural details of biological molecules. It will also highlight the contribution of XRD in understanding the structural and mechanism aspects of proteins and enzymes. In conclusion, it will identify the potential areas of growth and development in X-ray diffraction techniques for studying complex biological systems.
AKRANLARINDAN ŞİDDET GÖREN ÖĞRENCİLERİN SONRAKİ HAYATLARINDA ANTİSOSYAL KİŞİLİK BOZUKLUĞUNA YATKINLIKLARI İLE İŞ VE SOSYAL YAŞAMLARINA ETKİSİ
Authors: TULPAR Selma
Published: November 2023

Okullarda akranlarından şiddet gören öğrencilerin sonraki yaşamlarındaki psikolojik etkileri ve bunun iş ile sosyal yaşamlarına etkisi, önemli bir araştırma konusunu oluşturur. Akran şiddeti, çocukların gelişim dönemlerindeki duygusal ve sosyal sağlıklarını etkileyebilir. Bu tür şiddete maruz kalan öğrenciler, yetişkinlik dönemlerinde antisosyal kişilik bozukluğuna yatkınlık gösterme riski taşıyabilirler. Antisosyal kişilik bozukluğu, empati eksikliği, düşük özdenetim ve yasa dışı davranışlar gibi özelliklerle karakterizedir.

Araştırmalar, akran şiddeti mağduru olan bireylerin sıklıkla duygusal travmalar yaşadığını ve bu deneyimlerin gelecekteki yaşantılarını etkileyebileceğini göstermektedir. Bu travmalar, özsaygı eksikliği, düşük özsaygı, anksiyete ve depresyon gibi psikolojik sorunlara yol açabilir. Bu psikolojik etkiler, kişinin sosyal ilişkilerini ve toplumsal uyumunu zorlaştırabilir. Ayrıca, iş hayatında da kendini gösterebilir, özgüven eksikliği ve stresle başa çıkma güçlükleri nedeniyle iş performansını olumsuz etkileyebilir.

Bu bağlamda, akran şiddeti mağduru öğrencilerin desteklenmesi ve gerektiğinde profesyonel yardım almalarının önemi vurgulanmalıdır. Okullar, aileler ve toplum, çocukların duygusal ihtiyaçlarını anlamak ve gereken desteği sağlamak adına aktif bir rol oynamalıdır. Psikolojik danışmanlık, terapi ve eğitim programları, bu öğrencilerin psikolojik sağlıklarını güçlendirebilir ve gelecekteki olumsuz etkileri azaltabilir.

Akranlarından şiddet gören öğrencilerin sonraki yaşamlarında antisosyal kişilik bozukluğuna yatkınlıkları ve bu durumun iş ile sosyal yaşamlarına etkisi, geniş çapta incelenmesi gereken bir konudur. Eğitim ve farkındalık artırma çabaları, bu öğrencilerin sağlıklı bir şekilde gelişimini desteklemek ve olumsuz sonuçları en aza indirmek için büyük bir rol oynayabilir.
Flight Performance of the Early Cretaceous Bird Confuciusornis sanctus: Evidence from an Exceptionally Preserved Fossil
Authors: Chiappe Luis M. , Serrano Francisco J. , Abramowicz Stephanie , Göhlich Ursula B.
Published: November 2023

The Chinese early Cretaceous Confuciusornis sanctus is the most abundant Mesozoic bird and a model species for studies of early avian evolution. While previous investigations were largely focused on aspects of the anatomy, taxonomy and systematics, and life history and ecology of this bird, there has been minimal research on its flight properties. Our study centers on a well-preserved specimen with exquisite details of its plumage. NHMW 1997z0112/0001 affords novel information on aspects of its skeletal morphology, particularly from the axial and appendicular skeletons, and its plumage provides the opportunity to quantify key flight-related variables including, wingtip, wing chord, body mass, wingspan, and wing area. We use these parameters to provide a quantitative assessment of the flight properties of C. sanctus. Most previous studies have suggested that this species was unable to achieve prolonged flights. However, our results indicate that the capacity for this bird to perform prolonged flights cannot be discarded, given that our data shows it might have been able to combine periods of flapping with periods of efficient low-speed gliding. Specifically, our results indicate that while having slightly less capacity than modern gliding birds, the gliding capacity of C. sanctus would have been significantly higher than that of modern short-term fliers such as land fowl. On the basis of these inferences, we conclude that C. sanctus could fly efficiently for prolonged periods of time when used a combination of flapping and gliding periods.
CURRENT CRISIS IN UKRAINE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Zelenović Jelena
Published: November 2023

The last decades, but also the centuries, have been full of financial crises of various characteristics, intensities, and areas of occurrence. Experiences of financial crises have shown that countries reach a financial crisis when the economy as a whole continuously has a current account deficit when it spends more than it creates, which leads to an increase in external indebtedness. The subject of the research is the current crisis, caused by Russia's intervention in Ukraine, as a result of which comprehensive and very drastic sanctions followed, which resulted in serious market outcomes. This paper aims to see in which segments the consequences of the crisis will be seen first, and whether and to what extent the crisis will affect the global economy. Despite Russia's small economic size, intervention and related sanctions are already causing global disruptions through financial and business ties.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF THE MATURITY LEVEL OF A PROCESS-ORIENTED ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITY INDICATORS
Authors: Božić Katarina , Kovačević Biljana , Erceg Živko
Published: November 2023

This research analyzes the relationship between the maturity level of a process-oriented organization and the enterprise activity indicators. The aim of the research is to determine whether there is a statistically significant influence of the maturity level of a process-oriented organization on activity indicators. In this empirical research, a case study was used, and the research is conducted in an organization that has been process-oriented for a long period and has reached a high level of maturity. Concerning the enterprise’s activity indicators, the following were analyzed: business asset turnover ratio, fixed asset turnover ratio, capital turnover ratio, current asset turnover ratio, inventory turnover ratio and accounts receivable turnover ratio. The methods used in the research include descriptive statistics and Spearman's correlation test. It is expected that the results of the research will give insight into how significant the level of maturity of a process-oriented organization is on activity indicators.
Identifying and comparing course-taking patterns in stem educaction
Authors:   , Villarroel Salas Leyla
Published: November 2023

Las instituciones de educación superior sugieren una malla curricular a sus alumnos, sin embargo, no tienen la certeza de que los alumnos sigan sus recomendaciones. Se necesita una nueva metodología para identificar las verdaderas trayectorias que siguen los alumnos y su impacto en el rendimiento académico. A partir de esta investigación se propone un nuevo método que permite descubrir las trayectorias más comunes que siguen los alumnos para completar su major. El método utiliza algoritmos de clusterización y análisis estadísticos para comparar las trayectorias encontradas. Se realizó un caso de estudio donde se analizaron las trayectorias del major de Ciencias de la Computación de una universidad chilena utilizando el método propuesto. Como resultado se obtuvieron seis trayectorias representativas, con distinto rendimiento académico considerando el promedio de notas, la tasa de aprobación, y el tiempo que les toma completar el major. El método propuesto permite identificar que los estudiantes siguen patrones comunes en sus trayectorias, como el curso de inicio y de finalización del major, a pesar de no seguir las recomendaciones de su institución educativa. También se identificaron algunas trayectorias que pueden ser perjudiciales para el rendimiento académico de los alumnos. Por ende, analizar las trayectorias de los alumnos y distinguir cuales están relacionadas con mejores resultados académicos, en base a métricas como el promedio de notas o tasa de aprobación, puede permitirle a las instituciones educativas mejorar su planificación curricular basándose en los datos.
Online monitoring and implementation of commitment management performance and its impact on project planning in construction projects
Authors:   , Retamal Fuentealba Fabián Alejandro
Published: November 2023

Es importante que en los proyectos de construcción se tome en cuenta a las personas, dado que ellas son las que mueven el proyecto. El Sistema Last Planner™ adopta este enfoque, utilizando la gestión de compromisos como una base fundamental para hacer lo q debe hacer de una semana a otra. ue se Sin embargo, se debe generar una implementación para que la gestión de compromisos aplique compromisos confiables dentro del proyecto. Estas implementaciones sólo se han realizado de forma presencial, por lo que, debi do al COVID19 durante 2020 y 2021, no es posible realizarla de forma presencial. A partir de investigaciones anteriores y utilizando Design Science Research (DSR), e esta investigación se propuso el uso remoto del sistema de gestión de compromisos como parte fundamental del proceso de gestión dentro de las reuniones Sistema Last Planner™ en cuatro proyectos n (CMS) semanales del , elaborando una propuesta de intervención y seguimiento online durante 10 semanas, añadiendo como pieza fundamental la interacció entre las personas mediante Análisis de Redes Sociales n (SNA). La forma de medición fue a través de los indicadores de PPC, indicadores de Gestión de Compromisos (CMS), métricas SNA y evolución del nivel de madurez de Last Planner™, obteniendo un incremen to sostenido de hasta un 7.02% en las primeras cinco semanas. A partir de la intervención se demostró que el % de negociaci ón cumplimiento es un indicador fundamental para establecer un mejor PPC la que se relaciona de forma directa e indirectacon el y acuerdos de , ya que esta es resto de los indicadores medidos en base a una correlación de Spearman. Además, se realizó un proyecto piloto de seguimiento de 16 semanas que confirma los resultados obtenidos en los proyectos iniciales, provocando que la imple mentación en línea funciona para mejorar los compromisos confiables dentro del proyecto y así mejorar los indicadores de desempeño en la reunión semanal de Last Planner™.
On the relationship between the river network geometry classifications
Authors:   , Hoch Leiva Alexander M.
Published: November 2023

Las redes hidrográficas pueden tener diferentes geometrías debido a la variedad de procesos geofísicos y climáticos que ocurren en las regiones en donde se encuentran. Estas se pueden clasificar en tipos de geometrías como dendríticas, paralelas, pinadas, rectangulares y enrejadas. Se han propuesto métodos cuantitativos para llevar a cabo estas clasificaciones, pero pueden ser difíciles de implementar. Un método parsimonioso de clasificación podría llevar a una mejor identificación de redes, mayor uso y mejora en modelos lluvia-escorrentía debido a la fuerte conexión entre la geomorfología de la cuenca y su respuesta hidrológica. En este trabajo proponemos y exploramos varios métodos de clasificación basados en la distribución de las longitudes de los caminos de flujo dentro de la cuenca. En particular, representamos esta distribución en el dominio espacial a través de la función de ancho (WF) y en el dominio de la frecuencia a través de la densidad de poder espectral (PSD) de la WF. Varios árboles de clasificación son propuestos utilizando los siguientes parámetros: (1) Pendiente del espectro y punto de quiebre en donde las altas frecuencias no contribuyen significativamente, (2) Ángulo de fase del componente de menor frecuencia, (3) los primeros cuatro momentos de la WF, (4) los parámetros de la función Beta ajustada a la WF, y (5) la desviación estándar de los residuales del ajuste de la función Beta. Diez cuencas de cada tipo fueron utilizadas para construir y probar los árboles de clasificación. Varios árboles basados entre 2 y 4 parámetros son capaces de obtener eficiencias entre 80% y 84%. Estos árboles también tienen eficiencias entre 60% y 65% tras realizar procesos de validación cruzada. Estos árboles de clasificación rinden bien, dados los valores de eficiencia, número de parámetros, y el hecho de que sólo se necesita una función conocida y fácil de calcular, la WF.
A multiresolution stability analysis for quantitative magnetic resonance imaging
Authors:   , Guerra Pérez Martín A.
Published: November 2023

Las imágenes cuantitativas por resonancia magnética (QMRI) son una forma de obtencion de imágenes por resonancia magnética (MRI) que, a diferencia de lo que los métodos estándar de MRI buscan, estos métodos apuntan a recuperar parámetros cuantitativos que describan propiedades físicas del tejido involucrado en el proceso de obtención de imágenes médicas. Los métodos que siguen el enfoque de QMRI típicamente buscan aproximar los parámetros de relajación de los materiales magnetizados (mapeos T1 y T2). La principal dificultad en la reconstrucción de estos parámetros está en que con métodos de optimización estándar el problema resultante tiene una alta dimensionalidad y es no convexo. Existen diferentes formas de buscar una aproximación de los parámetros que evitan esta complicación como magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF). Aun así, el alto costo computacional de este hacen difícil que sea una solución en el largo plazo. Creemos que se puede modelar el método de reconstrucción tal que la no convexidad no sea mucho problema. Para lograrlo demostramos propiedades fundamentales del mapeo de Bloch y desarrollamos un análisis multirresolución para el enfoque de QMRI, el cual al resolver el problema a diferentes escalas podría evitar el problema de estancarse en un mínimo local. Mas precisamente desarrollamos una aproximación multirresolución de la ecuación de Bloch. Aún así, el problema a resolver sigue estando muy mal condicionado para asegurar una reconstrucción satisfactoria. Nuestros resultados numéricos muestran que incluso la reconstrucción de la variable lineal del problema causa suficientes problemas.
Implementation of an environmental management system: case study
Authors: Barbosa Priscila Pasti , Ferreira Felipe Facco Mendes , Soares Evandro Bezerra
Published: November 2023

In the current scenario, Brazil is ranked as the 5th largest textile producer in the world, behind only China, India, the United States and Pakistan. This factor is of great importance in relation to the effective number of jobs provided by the sector around its manufacturing hubs. On the other hand, the high production rate that companies are exhibiting ends up using a large amount of the country's natural resources. In the case of clothing industries, their waste can cause significant environmental impacts, however, through the use of Environmental Management is possible to reduce environmental degradation and pollution. In this way, the present study made use of the application of the Environmental Management System (EMS) linked to the Cleaner Production methodology to resolve environmental problems in a clothing factory located in the northwest of the state of Paraná. After the implementation of the EMS, important environmental and social gains were noted, such as the disposal of wastepaper, cardboard, plastic, and paint cans used in screen printing for an Association of collectors in the city and the use of fabric scraps in making products for pet shops, waste destined for a group of women artisans also in the city. The study also promoted the reduction of waste from larger clothing scraps, by using them to make by-products that could be sold at popular prices. Thus, the effectiveness of implementing the EMS for the company can be seen, making it comply with its environmental policy and adding social gains to it.
Strategies for Managing Gifted and Talented Accounting Students in Pre-university Institutions
Authors: Darkwa Bernard Fentim , Korletey Margaret Akosua
Published: November 2023

This paper explored pedagogical strategies that accounting teachers employ in the classroom to manage Gifted and Talented Students (GATS) in the pre-tertiary institutions in Ghana. A multiple case study design was used to observe and interview 24 accounting teachers who were purposefully selected from three pre-tertiary institutions in Ghana. The interview guide and focus group discussion guide were the main instruments used to collect data and were analysed thematically. The study revealed that achievement tests, reasoning skills and problem-solving skills were the predominant strategies employed by teachers in identifying GATS. It emerged further from the study that all the teachers involved in the study do not prepare differentiated lessons for GATS and therefore teach all the students in the classroom with different learning needs the same content at the same time. Thus, the study recommends that the various stakeholders and policymakers in education such as Ghana Education Service (GES), the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NaCCA) and the Ministry of Education (MoE) should make a conscious effort to develop curricula and enact policies that will promote differentiated lessons in pre-university institutions in Ghana.
Nanomaterial-induced Changes in Plant Physiology and Genetics: Implications for Crop Improvement Strategies
Authors: Basak Achyuta , Amarshettiwar S. B. , Bordoloi Nilakshi , Shahni Yumkhaibam Sonia , Mubeen  , Beese Shreedhar , Kushwaha Triyugi Narain , Bhushan Shanti
Published: November 2023

The utilization of nanomaterials in agriculture has gained significant attention due to their potential to induce changes in plant physiology and genetics, thereby offering new avenues for enhancing crop improvement strategies. This paper delves into the intricate interplay between nanomaterials and plants, shedding light on their molecular mechanisms of uptake and interaction. It explores the physiological responses that ensue following nanomaterial exposure, unraveling the intricate network of signaling pathways and stress responses. Moreover, the paper delves into the alterations in genetic expression triggered by nanomaterials, providing insights into the underlying regulatory mechanisms. The influence of epigenetic factors and potential transgenerational effects further accentuates the complexity of these interactions.
Underpinning this understanding, the paper discusses the prospects of harnessing nanomaterial-induced changes to enhance crop traits. It investigates how these changes can be employed to boost crop resilience, nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance. The integration of nanomaterial-induced alterations into breeding and genetic modification strategies offers a promising approach for developing improved crop varieties. Ultimately, this comprehensive exploration of nanomaterial-induced changes in plant physiology and genetics highlights their far-reaching implications for revolutionizing crop improvement strategies in the face of evolving agricultural challenges.
Classification and mechanism of spring and summer floods in northern Xinjiang from 2006 to 2011
Authors: Chen Ping , Mao Weiyi , Yao Junqiang , Chen Jing , Ma Liyun
Published: November 2023

The significant socioeconomic impact of extreme flooding provides an incentive to improve our understanding of flood drivers. In this study, floods that occurred in northern Xinjiang from 2006 to 2011 were divided into three categories: rainstorm‐type, warming‐type, and mixed‐type. These three types of floods primarily occurred from April to July, with most occurring in May and June. Through analysis of the atmospheric circulation evolution process of the three types of floods, it can be concluded that when a rainstorm‐type flood occurs, northern Xinjiang is affected by an anomalous cyclone that forms in front of the strengthened trough over northern Europe. Anomalous cyclones provide favorable conditions for precipitation, which is conducive to rainstorm‐type floods. As for the warming‐type flood event, northern Xinjiang is affected by an anomalous anticyclone formed by the eastward movement of the blocking system in the middle of the Eurasian continent. Before the third type of mixed flood event occurred, northern Xinjiang was affected by an anomalous cyclone formed by energy propagation along the northwesterly wind belt. In addition, the energy propagating along the westerly wind belt along the southern road is conducive to the formation of a high‐pressure ridge in southern Xinjiang. In addition, the analysis of temperature conditions indicates that the daily maximum temperature showed a warming trend from 5 to 1 day before the warming‐type and mixed‐type flood event occurred. These results provide valuable insights for flood risk management by identifying atmospheric circulation patterns and temperature conditions associated with floods in northern Xinjiang.
Postoperative fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio acting as an indicator of futile recanalization in patients with successful thrombectomy
Authors: Tang Tao , Li Di , Fan Tie‐Ping , Guo Lin‐Jia , Lan Xiao‐Yan , Bi Cong‐Jie , Boltze Johannes , Thomas Aline M. , Zhao Xu‐Sheng , Mo Ming , Zhao Man‐Hong , Ji Xun‐Ming , Li Shen
Published: November 2023

Background

Timely recognition of futile recanalization might enable a prompter response and thus improve outcomes in patients receiving successful thrombectomy. This study aims to evaluate whether postoperative fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio (FAR) could act as an indicator of futile recanalization.

Methods

This is a single‐center, retrospective analysis of patients with acute anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion and successful thrombectomy between May 2019 and June 2022. FAR was defined as postoperative blood levels of fibrinogen divided by those of albumin, and dichotomized into high and low levels based on the Youden index. Futile recanalization was defined as patients achieving a successful recanalization with a modified Rankin Scale score of 3–6 at 90 days. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of FAR with futile recanalization.

Results

A total of 255 patients were enrolled, amongst which 87 patients (34.1%) had high postoperative FAR. Futile recanalization was more prevalent among patients with high FAR compared to those with low FAR (74.7% vs. 53.0%, p = .001). After adjusting for potential confounders, high postoperative FAR was found to independently correspond with the occurrence of futile recanalization (adjusted OR 2.40, 95%CI 1.18–4.87, p = .015). This association was consistently observed regardless of prior antithrombotic therapy, treatment of intravenous thrombolysis, occlusion site, time from symptom onset to groin puncture, and reperfusion status.

Conclusion

Our findings support high postoperative FAR serving as an indicator of futile recanalization in patients with anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion and successful thrombectomy.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of 2‐(2‐Benzoxazolyl)‐1‐arylethanone and 2‐(2‐Benzoxazolyl)‐1‐alkylethanone Derivatives
Authors: Che Bing‐Yu , Jin Jun , Sun Mao , Hu Qian , Jian Jun‐You , Hao Xiao‐Jiang , Huang Lie‐Jun
Published: November 2023

To discover more effective antifungal candidates, 33 benzoxazole derivatives, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antifungal activity against seven phytopathogenic fungi by the mycelium growth rate method. Among 33 benzoxazole derivatives had thirteen derivatives no reported, and new derivatives C17 exhibited good inhibitory activity against Phomopsis sp. with EC50 values of 3.26 μM. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) of these derivatives analysis indicated that the substituent played a key role in antifungal activity in ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐ substituted acetophenones. The preliminary mechanistic exploration demonstrated that C17 might exert its antifungal activity by targeting the mycelia cell membrane, which was verified by the observed changes in mycelial morphology, the formation of extracellular polysaccharides, cellular contents, cell membrane permeability and integrity, among other effects. Furthermore, C17 had potent curative effect against Phomopsis sp. in vivo, which indicated that C17 may be as a novelty potent antifungal agent.
Angiotensin II reduces glyoxalase 1 activity and expression in vascular smooth muscle cells: Implications for diabetic vascular complications
Authors: Kırça Mustafa , Yeşilkaya Akın
Published: November 2023

Angiotensin II (Ang II), a key mediator of vascular diseases, is linked to methylglyoxal (MGO) formation, a by‐product of glucose metabolism implicated in vascular complications. The glyoxalase system, consisting of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) and reduced glutathione (GSH), is responsible for detoxifying MGO. This study investigated the effect of Ang II on Glo1 activity and expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Primary VSMCs were isolated from rat aortas and exposed to Ang II under standard or high glucose conditions. We examined Glo1 activity, expression, intracellular GSH, and methylglyoxal‐derived hydroimidazolone 1 (MG‐H1) levels. We also analyzed the expressions of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) p65 and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) as potential regulators of Glo1 expression. The results demonstrated that Ang II reduced Glo1 activity, expression, and GSH levels while increasing MG‐H1 levels in VSMCs. Telmisartan and irbesartan, AT1R blockers, restored Glo1 activity, expression, and GSH levels and alleviated MG‐H1 levels. Treatment with AT1R blockers or inhibitors targeting signaling pathways involved in Ang II‐induced responses mitigated these effects. High glucose exacerbated the reduction in Glo1 activity and expression. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that Ang II reduces Glo1 activity and expression in VSMCs, which may contribute to developing vascular complications in diabetes. AT1R blockers and inhibitors targeting specific signaling pathways show potential in restoring Glo1 function and mitigating MGO‐associated damage. These findings highlight the complex interactions between RAS, MGO, and vascular diseases, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for diabetic vascular complications.
Temperature‐Dependent Line‐Broadening Effects in CO2 Caused by Ar
Authors: Salem Jamel , Tóbiás Roland , Császár Attila G. , Mogren Al‐Mogren Muneerah , Jaidane Nejm‐Edine , Hochlaf Majdi
Published: November 2023

This computational study of line‐broadening effects is based on an accurate, analytical representation of the intermonomer potential energy surface (PES) of the CO2 ⋅ Ar van der Waals (vdW) complex. The PES is employed to compute collisional broadening coefficients for rovibrational lines of CO2 perturbed by Ar. The semiclassical computations are performed using the modified Robert–Bonamy approach, including real and imaginary terms, and the exact trajectory model. The lines investigated are in the 10001←00011, 01101←00001, 00011←00001, and 00031←00001 vibrational bands and the computations are repeated at multiple temperatures. The computed results are in good agreement with the available experimental values, validating both the intermonomer PES developed and the methodology used. For lines in the 01101←00001 band of CO2, temperature‐dependent Ar‐broadening coefficients are reported for the first time. The parameters presented should prove useful, among other applications, for the accurate experimental determination of CO2 and Ar abundances in planetary atmospheres.
Parents' illness representations of their child with anorexia nervosa: A systematic review of qualitative studies using the common‐sense model
Authors: Marchetti Doriana , Sawrikar Vilas
Published: November 2023

Objective

Research indicates that parents experience distress while caring for a child with anorexia nervosa. Applying the Common Sense Model of Self‐Regulation (CSM), a framework to describe responses to illness may help to understand the antecedents of parental distress, which could inform how to support parents in treatment. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize outcomes from qualitative research in relation to parents' experiences of caring for a child with anorexia nervosa using the CSM.

Method

Systematic search of four electronic databases (psychINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ProQuest Dissertation, and Theses Database) alongside a two‐way screening process was used to identify eligible studies. Qualitative themes were synthesized using a “best fit” framework analysis and reported according to CSM dimensions of cognitive and emotional illness representations.

Results

A total of 32 studies published between 1970 and 2023 were eligible for inclusion for review. Parents perceived their child's anorexia nervosa as a major health threat observable by illness representations that anorexia nervosa was uncontrollable, incomprehensible, chronic, and associated with negative consequences. The themes also suggested parents take responsibility for causing anorexia nervosa. These illness representations were linked with emotional representations of fear, anxiety, shame, guilt, loneliness, and depression.

Conclusions

The findings provide evidence of the utility of using the CSM to understand the antecedents of parents' distress and negative impacts of caring for a child with anorexia nervosa. Recommendations for future research and clinical practice are discussed emphasizing the need to understand parents' perceptions of their child's illness to putatively maximize treatment benefits for families.

Public Significance

This review emphasizes the salience of understanding parents distress while caring for a child with anorexia nervosa. The findings present opportunities to best support parents in treatment, with a focus on addressing their cognitive and emotional representations of their child's illness. A multicomponent treatment regimen may be required to support parents if they present with illness representations that negatively affect their well‐being and ability to cope with distress.
Seasonal lipid dynamics of four Arctic bivalves: Implications for their physiological capacities to cope with future changes in coastal ecosystems
Authors: Bridier Guillaume , Olivier Frédéric , Grall Jacques , Chauvaud Laurent , Sejr Mikael K. , Tremblay Réjean
Published: November 2023

The Arctic is exposed to unprecedented warming, at least three times higher than the global average, which induces significant melting of the cryosphere. Freshwater inputs from melting glaciers will subsequently affect coastal primary production and organic matter quality. However, due to a lack of basic knowledge on the physiology of Arctic organisms, it remains difficult to understand how these future trophic changes will threaten the long‐term survival of benthic species in coastal habitats. This study aimed to gain new insights into the seasonal lipid dynamics of four dominant benthic bivalves (Astarte moerchi, Hiatella arctica, Musculus discors, and Mya truncata) collected before and after sea ice break‐up in a high‐Arctic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland). Total lipid content and fatty acid composition of digestive gland neutral lipids were analyzed to assess bivalve energy reserves while the fatty acid composition of gill polar lipids was determined as a biochemical indicator of interspecies variations in metabolic activity and temperature acclimation. Results showed a decrease in lipid reserves between May and August, suggesting that bivalves have only limited access to fresh organic matter until sea ice break‐up. The lack of seasonal variation in the fatty acid composition of neutral lipids, especially essential ω3 fatty acids, indicates that no fatty acid transfer from the digestive glands to the gonads occurs between May and August, and therefore, no reproductive investment takes place during this period. Large interspecies differences in gill fatty acid composition were observed, which appear to be related to differences in species life span and metabolic strategies. Such differences in gill fatty acid composition of polar lipids, which generally influence metabolic rates and energy needs, may imply that not all benthic species will be equally sensitive to future changes in primary production and organic matter quality in Arctic coastal habitats.
Cross‐linked polysiloxane‐coated stable bond O‐9‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenylcarbamoyl)quinine and quinidine chiral stationary phases as well as application in enantioselective cryo‐HPLC
Authors: Woiwode Ulrich , Sievers‐Engler Adrian , Lämmerhofer Michael
Published: November 2023

In this work, brush‐type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) with O‐9‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenylcarbamoyl)‐modified quinidine (DIPPCQD‐brush/‐SH) and O‐9‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenylcarbamoyl)‐modified quinine (DIPPCQN‐brush/‐SH) were prepared as benchmarks for comparison with new corresponding polymeric CSPs with more stable bonding chemistry. These polymeric CSPs were prepared by coating a thin poly(3‐mercaptopropyl)‐methylsiloxane film together with the chiral selector onto vinyl‐modified silica. In a second step, immobilization of the quinine/quinidine derivatives as well as cross‐linking of the polysiloxane film to the vinyl‐silica is achieved by a double thiol‐ene click reaction. The polymeric CSPs exhibited similar enantioselectivity as the corresponding brush phases, but showed lower chromatographic efficiencies. Chiral acidic substances were separated into enantiomers (e.g., N‐protected amino acids, herbicides like dichlorprop) in accordance with an enantioselective anion‐exchange process. Oxidation of residual thiol groups of the polymer DIPPCQN‐CSP introduced sulfonic acid co‐ligands on the silica surface, which resulted in greatly reduced retention times. Acting as immobilized counterions, they allowed to reduce the concentration of counterions in the mobile phase, which is favorable for liquid chromatography (LC)–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry application. Ibuprofen showed a single peak under ambient column temperature. However, application of cryogenic cooling of the column enabled to achieve baseline separation at –20°C column temperature. It can be explained by an enthalpically dominated separation, which leads to an increase in separation factors when the temperature is reduced. While it is quite uncommon to work at subzero degree column temperature, this work illustrates the potential to exploit such temperature regime for optimization of LC enantiomer separations.
Assessment of the in vivo genotoxic potential of three smoke flavoring primary product mixtures
Authors: Thompson Chad M. , Brorby Gregory , Keig‐Shevlin Zena , Smith Robert , Franzen Allison , Ulrich Kristina , Blanchette Alexander D. , Doepker Candace
Published: November 2023

Smoke flavorings are mixtures generated from wood pyrolysis that are filtered to remove tar and are often considered healthier alternatives to conventional smoking processes. While the latter is mostly unregulated, smoke‐flavoring primary products (SFPPs) are undergoing the 10‐year required re‐evaluation in the European Union (EU). To comply with recent smoke flavor guidance, in vivo micronucleus studies in rats and transgenic rodent (TGR) mutation assays in Muta™Mice were conducted on three SFPPs. For most studies, typical limit doses were exceeded to comply with regulatory requests. Exposure to SFPPs by oral gavage did not result in significant increases in bone marrow micronucleus formation. Except for one group, exposure to SFPPs via feed for 28 days did not result in significant increases in mutant frequency (MF) in the glandular stomach or liver. One group exposed to a maximal feasible dietary dose of 50,000 ppm (>10,000 mg/kg bodyweight per day) exhibited a statistically significant increase in liver MF; however, the MF in all mice in this group were within the historical vehicle control 95% quantile confidence intervals and therefore not considered biologically relevant. Based on estimates of human dietary exposure to each SFPP, the margin of exposure (MOE) values in the TGR assays exceed 10,000. The MOE for one unintentionally present constituent, 2,5(H)‐furanone, also exceeds 10,000. Collectively, these data indicate that these SFPPs pose no genotoxic risk and are safe alternatives to conventional smoking.
The effect of ethics and moral education on the levels of schadenfreude experienced by students
Authors: Cerit Yusuf
Published: November 2023

Schadenfreude has attracted attention in recent studies. Although the antecedents and consequences of schadenfreude have been investigated, how it can be prevented has not been explored. This article examines the effect of ethics and moral education on the levels of schadenfreude experienced by students. The nonequivalent pretest‐posttest control group model, a quasi‐experimental design, was used in this study. Both the experimental and control groups consisted of 55 students. Data were collected using two hypothetical scenarios (one academic vs. one social context). The results of this study revealed that ethics and moral education had a significant negative effect on schadenfreude. This study suggests that people's ethics and moral education is an important predictor of schadenfreude.
Tracheal Replacement Techniques and Associated Mortality: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tseng Wen‐Hui , Liu En‐Wei , Cheng Kai‐Yuan , Wee Shyun‐Jing , Lee Jian‐Jr , Chen Hung‐Chi
Published: November 2023

Objective

Tracheal replacement is a crucial operation to enhance the quality of life for patients with extensive tracheal lesions. The most suitable surgical techniques for different clinical conditions remain a topic of debate. Through a reviewing of the relevant literature, this study investigated the association between surgical techniques and mortality rate.

Data Sources

Studies were collected from PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov.

Methods

This systematic review encompassed literature from the inception of each database to May 10, 2023, focusing on tracheal replacement for patients who underwent circumferential resection of the trachea or partial resection with preservation of the posterior membranous wall. Non‐human and non‐clinical studies were excluded.

Results

About 31 studies were included in the assessment comprising a combination of case reports and case series, and 118 patients underwent tracheal replacement through four underlying methodologies, including tracheal allotransplantation, autologous tissue reconstruction, bioprosthetic reconstruction, or tissue engineering surgery. Each modality exhibits unique advantages and disadvantages, leading to variable outcomes in clinical application.

Conclusion

Tracheal replacement is challenging due to the absence of an ideal substitution or graft material. Despite limited clinical successes observed across various modalities, we believe autologous tissue reconstruction for tracheal replacement has the advantage of broadest indications, low rejection rate, and avoidance of immunosuppressive agents. Future research should focus on achieving tracheal replacement that preserves mucociliary clearance, lateral rigidity, and longitudinal flexibility.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:1517–1522, 2024
A Rare Laryngeal Foreign Body Case: Postcricoid Total Dental Prosthesis
Authors: Canakci Hasan , Akbas Mustafa U. , Arslan Erhan , Tulaci Kamil G. , Yazici Hasmet
Published: November 2023

In this case report, 60‐year‐old patient who aspirated total dental prosthesis into the postcricoid region was presented with patient's history, clinical findings, radiologic examinations and surgical treatment with comparison of literature data. To our literature knowledge, this is the first total dental prosthesis detected in postcricoid region. This was unusual because it did not cause any respiratory disorders such as laryngospasm and asphyxia, although it led to mucosal abrasions in a wide area of esophageus. Laryngoscope, 134:2331–2334, 2024
Cross‐cultural adaptation of the Korean Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire: A validation study
Authors: Nam Sang‐Soo , Lee Yoon Jae , Goo Bonhyuk , Kim Jung‐Hyun , Lee Seung‐Min , Kim Me‐Riong , Ha In‐Hyuk , Lee Jee Young
Published: November 2023

Objective

The Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) is a reliable tool to assess synkinesis symptoms; however, it is yet to be validated in Korea. Thus, this study aimed to translate and validate the Korean SAQ.

Methods

This validation study was set in a clinic in Seoul, Korea, that provides general integrative medicine services. A total of 100 participants with facial palsy were enrolled. Participants completed the SAQ, House–Brackmann grade (HB grade), Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SB), and Facial Disability Index (FDI). The forward–backward translation method was followed. Of the 100 participants, 31 underwent a second assessment for test–retest reliability. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The construct validity of the Korean version of the SAQ was tested using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Results

The internal consistency score for the SAQ was 0.789, and the test–retest reliability score was 0.787. According to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the SAQ correlations to the synkinesis subdomain of SB score, total SB score, HB grade, and physical function domain in the FDI score were 0.366 (p < .001), −0.386 (p < .001), 0.315 (p = .001), and −0.269 (p = .007), respectively. All values were statistically significant.

Conclusions

The Korean SAQ is a valid and reliable tool used to evaluate synkinesis in patients with facial palsy.

Level of Evidence

Level 3.
The association of lower urinary tract symptoms with schizophrenia and its treatments: A narrative review
Authors: Schofield Ella , Taylor Nicola , Drake Marcus J.
Published: November 2023

Background

A higher incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in people with schizophrenia compared to the general population is often suggested. However, it is not clear whether this is a genuine association, and whether it is a direct result of schizophrenia itself, or a side‐effect of certain antipsychotics.

Methods

We undertook a narrative review evaluating how the published literature reports the relationship between LUTS and schizophrenia and its treatments. We searched Embase, Ovid Emcare, and Ovid MEDLINE(R) ALL to August 2022, limited to the English language. We selected the following search terms: schizophrenia, schizophrenic, LUTS, overactive bladder, urinary urgency, urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, enuresis, nocturnal enuresis, and voiding dysregulation. We identified seven domains for assessment in advance of commencing the review. These were the categorization, description, and treatment status of schizophrenia; evaluation of LUTS; categorization of LUTS confounders; recapturing of the disease states of both schizophrenia and LUTS after therapies; assessment of the association between LUTS and schizophrenia and/or antipsychotics.

Results

The association between LUTS and schizophrenia was poorly described. The evidence was low quality and focused predominantly on urinary incontinence as an antipsychotic side effect, neglecting other LUTS. The status of schizophrenia was often incompletely characterized, and no papers made use of a bladder diary or LUTS‐specific questionnaires to assess symptoms. No papers collected information about LUTS in patients not on antipsychotics, nor did any thoroughly evaluate the influence of confounding variables. Despite the tendency of symptoms and severity of both conditions to fluctuate over time, no studies fully assessed the status of both schizophrenia and LUTS at baseline, therapy initiation, and follow‐up.

Conclusions

It is not possible to state whether there is an association between LUTS and schizophrenia or its treatments. This review highlights the need to improve research and clinical management of the urinary tract in schizophrenia, with meticulously designed longitudinal studies.