bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of perfect narrow-band absorber in silicon nano hole array
Authors: Li Qiang , Tang Haolong , Zhao Yi , Liu Hai , Shen Zhenfeng , Wang Tongtong , Yang Haigui , Wang Xiaoyi , Gong Yan , Gao Jinsong
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we proposed a triple layer structure consisting of the bottom silver layer, thin silicon oxide space layer, and ultrathin semiconductor silicon film with nano hole array achieving three absorption peaks with narrow band. The absorption spectrum can be easily controlled by adjusting the structural parameters including the radius and period of the nano hole array, and the maximal absorption can reach 99.0% and the narrowest full width of half maximum can reach about 6.5 nm in theory. We also clarified the physical mechanism of the proposed structure in details by finite-difference time-domain simulation, in which the three narrow band perfect adsorption peaks can be attributed to electric dipole resonance, magnetic dipole resonance and plasmonic resonance respectively. At the same time, we used a low-cost nanosphere lithography method to fabricate the proposed nano hole array in large area. In experiment, the absorption peak of the proposed triple layer structure can reach up to 98.3% and the narrowest full width of half maximum can reach up to about 10.1 nm. The highest quality factor Q can reach up to 98.4. This work can open a new avenue for high-quality factor narrow band perfect absorption using ultrathin semiconductor film and benefit for many fields such as infrared sensors, plasmonic filters, and hyperspectral imaging.
Low infrared emissivity and broadband wide-angle microwave absorption integrated bi-functional camouflage metamaterial with a hexagonal patch based metasurface superstrate
Authors: Liu Shiju , Wang Jingyi , Zhang Xiaomei , Han Mengqi , Tan Ruiyang , Wei Xuyao , Chen Ping
Published: November 2023

This work proposed and demonstrated a bi-functional metamaterial to implement the multispectral camouflage in infrared and microwave bands. Aiming at integrating broadband, wide-angle and low infrared emissivity into one structure, the bi-functional structure is made up of three metasurface layers with different functions. Specifically, a metasurface superstrate based on hexagonal metallic patch was deployed to achieve a low infrared emissivity and a high transmittance of microwave simultaneously. In the framework of equivalent circuit model, the bi-functional structure was designed and optimized. A dielectric transition layer was introduced into the structure to obtain better microwave absorption performances. A sample of such structure was prepared based on optimized geometric parameters and tested. The simulated and measured results indicate that the novel hexagonal patch metasurface superstrate significantly reduces infrared emissivity and the measured emissivity of the structure is about 0.144 in 8-14µm infrared band. Meanwhile, the multilayered structure has a broadband absorption band from 2.32 GHz to 24.8 GHz with 7  mm thickness and is equipped with good angular stability under oblique incidence. In general, the method and specific design proposed in this work will benefit utilizing metasurface to implement bi-functional microwave and infrared camouflage materials with outstanding performances, which are promising for extensive applications.
Laser beam steering of 532 nm using a power-efficient focal plane array
Authors: Wu Zhaoyang , Zhang Yanfeng , Zeng Shihao , Lin Shuqing , Yu Siyuan
Published: November 2023

Laser beam steering is important for classical and quantum information processing. On-chip beam steering is a major motivation for developing large-scale photonic integrated circuits such as optical phased arrays. A major challenge for such arrays is to simultaneously control a large number of on-chip phase shifters, which requires a complicated analog control algorithm and rapidly increasing power consumption. We report a green light (532 nm) 1 × 16 focal plane array photonic integrated circuit with simple control and low power consumption. Fabricated on a silicon nitride platform, the focal plane array achieves angular beam steering over a 10° field of view, with ultra-low electrical power consumption (4 × 3.1 mW).
Factors associated with retention on pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Mubezi Sezi , Rwibasira Gallican N. , Uwineza Jeanne , Kayisinga Jean de Dieu , Wandera Manasseh G. , Malamba Samuel S. , Mayora Chrispus , Matovu Joseph K. B.
Published: November 2023

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended as an additional HIV prevention measure for persons at substantial risk of HIV acquisition. Although uptake of PrEP among female sex workers (FSW) has increased, retention remains low, resulting in suboptimal benefits. This study aimed at determining PrEP retention rates and associated factors among FSW in Kigali, Rwanda. We retrospectively studied records of 309 FSW abstracted from five (5) health centers for the period between April-June 2020 and April-June 2021. PrEP retention was defined as presenting for a scheduled follow-up visit. We used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to estimate survival probabilities at months 1,3,6,9, and 12 post-PrEP initiation and Cox regression to determine factors associated with 12-month PrEP retention. Data was analyzed using STATA (version 14.0). Out of 309 FSW whose records were reviewed, data for 268 (87%) were complete. One half (50%, n = 133) of the respondents were aged 25–34 years; slightly more than half (52%, n = 136) were single; nearly three-quarters (73%, n = 196) had completed primary school; majority (88%, n = 236) lived alone; while 69% (n = 184) had no formal employment besides sex work. PrEP dropout rates were 228, 65, 29, 49, and 36 per 100-persons years at months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 respectively, with 81%, 72%, 67%, 59% and 53% of FSW that started PrEP retained at these time periods. Multivariable Cox regression revealed that compared to FSW opposed to additional children, the desire to have two or more children (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] = 1.654; 95% Confidential Interval [95%CI]: 1.008, 2.713); and using hormonal (aHR = 2.091, 95%CI: 1.181, 3.702) or no method of contraception other than condoms (aHR = 2.036, 95%CI: 1.006, 4.119) were factors positively associated with PrEP retention. Conversely, compared to consistent condom-use, not using (aHR = 0.329; 95%CI: 0.149, 0.726) or inconsistently using condoms (aHR = 0.413; 95%CI: 0.228, 0.749), and accessing PrEP from ultra-urban clinics (aHR = 0.290; 95%CI: 0.183, 0.458) compared to clinics in the outskirts of the city, were factors negatively associated with PrEP retention. The study found a continuous decline in PrEP retention among FSW with slightly more than half retained at 12 months. To improve outcomes, PrEP retention monitoring should target FSW enrolled in ultra-urban clinics and those not or inconsistently using condoms.
Hepatic macrophages play critical roles in the establishment and growth of hydatid cysts in the liver during Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto infection
Authors: Wang Hui , Yu Qian , Wang Mingkun , Hou Jiao , Wang Maolin , Kang Xuejiao , Hou Xinling , Li Dewei , Rousu Zibigu , Jiang Tiemin , Li Jing , Wen Hao , Zhang Chuanshan
Published: November 2023

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a worldwide neglected zoonotic disease caused by infection with the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.), which predominantly resides in the liver accompanied by mild inflammation. Macrophages constitute the main cellular component of the liver and play a central role in controlling the progression of inflammation and liver fibrosis. However, the role of hepatic macrophages in the establishment and growth of hydatid cysts in the liver during E. granulosus sensu stricto (E. granulosus s.s.) infection has not been fully elucidated. Here, we showed that CD68+ macrophages accumulated in pericystic areas of the liver and that the expression of CD163, a marker of anti-inflammatory macrophages, was more evident in active CE patients than in inactive CE patients. Moreover, in a mouse model of E. granulosus s.s. infection, the pool of hepatic macrophages expanded dramatically through the attraction of massive amounts of monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs) to the infection site. These infiltrating macrophages preferentially polarized toward an iNOS+ proinflammatory phenotype at the early stage and then toward a CD206+ anti-inflammatory phenotype at the late stage. Notably, the resident Kupffer cells (KCs) predominantly maintained an anti-inflammatory phenotype to favor persistent E. granulosus s.s. infection. In addition, depletion of hepatic macrophages promoted E. granulosus s.s. larval establishment and growth partially by inhibiting CD4+ T-cell recruitment and liver fibrosis. The above findings demonstrated that hepatic macrophages play a vital role in the progression of CE, contributing to a better understanding of the local inflammatory responses surrounding hydatid cysts and possibly facilitating the design of novel therapeutic approaches for CE.
Experiences of hospice dementia care: A qualitative study of bereaved carers and hospice clinicians
Authors: Bosco A. , Di Lorito C. , Dunlop M. , Booth A. , Alexander D. , Jones S. , Underwood B. R. , Todd C. , Burns A.
Published: November 2023

Background

Nearly 50 million people worldwide have dementia and the increasing numbers requiring end-of-life and palliative care, has led to national efforts to define standards of care for this patient group. Little research, however, has been done to date about the experience of hospice care for people with dementia accessing these services. This study explores the views of hospice dementia care for bereaved carers of people with dementia and hospice clinicians.

Methods

We used purposive sampling for participant recruitment. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with bereaved carers and hospice clinical staff. Interviews were audio recorded and the transcriptions were analysed through thematic analysis. A total of 12 participants were interviewed from one service in the Northwest region in the UK. All were female and white British.

Results

Participants described their experience of hospice dementia care in three main themes: Pre-access to service, roles and responsibility within hospice care, ease and difficulty of last period of end-of-life care.

Conclusion

Rapid response teams delivering hospice home care could represent a better option to inpatient care and may be preferred by patients. This type of service, however, may require joined-up care with other community services, and this type of care needs to be considered and planned. Future studies should evaluate this type of community care.
Highly structured populations of deep-sea copepods associated with hydrothermal vents across the Southwest Pacific, despite contrasting life history traits
Authors: Diaz-Recio Lorenzo Coral , Patel Tasnim , Arsenault-Pernet Eve-Julie , Poitrimol Camille , Jollivet Didier , Martinez Arbizu Pedro , Gollner Sabine
Published: November 2023

Hydrothermal vents are extreme environments, where abundant communities of copepods with contrasting life history traits co-exist along hydrothermal gradients. Here, we discuss how these traits may contribute to the observed differences in molecular diversity and population genetic structure. Samples were collected from vent locations across the globe including active ridges and back-arc basins and compared to existing deep-sea hydrothermal vent and shallow water data, covering a total of 22 vents and 3 non-vent sites. A total of 806 sequences of mtDNA from the Cox1 gene were used to reconstruct the phylogeny, haplotypic relationship and demography within vent endemic copepods (Dirivultidae, Stygiopontius spp.) and non-vent-endemic copepods (Ameiridae, Miraciidae and Laophontidae). A species complex within Stygiopontius lauensis was studied across five pacific back-arc basins at eight hydrothermal vent fields, with cryptic species being restricted to the basins they were sampled from. Copepod populations from the Lau, North Fiji and Woodlark basins are undergoing demographic expansion, possibly linked to an increase in hydrothermal activity in the last 10 kya. Highly structured populations of Amphiascus aff. varians 2 were also observed from the Lau to the Woodlark basins with populations also undergoing expansion. Less abundant harpacticoids exhibit little to no population structure and stable populations. This study suggests that similarities in genetic structure and demography may arise in vent-associated copepods despite having different life history traits. As structured meta-populations may be at risk of local extinction should major anthropogenic impacts, such as deep-sea mining, occur, we highlight the importance of incorporating a trait-based approach to investigate patterns of genetic connectivity and demography, particularly regarding area-based management tools and environmental management plans.
Single-tube multiplex real-time PCR with EvaGreen and high-resolution melting analysis for diagnosis of α0-thalassemia--SEA,--THAI, and--CR type deletions
Authors: Ruengdit Chedtapak , Punyamung Manoo , Intasai Nutjeera , Pornprasert Sakorn
Published: November 2023

Regions with a high prevalence of α-thalassemia (α-thal) require simple, rapid, and accurate tests for carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis. Diagnosis of multiple deletions in a single tube is necessary to clearly identify individuals with α0-thalassemia in the routine setting, especially in at-risk couples. Therefore, we aimed to develop a single-tube multiplex real-time PCR with EvaGreen and high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis for the identification of α0-thalassemia Southeast Asian (SEA), Thai and Chiang Rai (CR) type deletions. The results of the HRM analysis indicated that the amplified fragments from α0-thal--CR,--THAI,--SEA, and the wild-type α-globin gene had specific peak heights at mean melting temperature (Tm) values of 85.40°C, 86.50°C, 87.65°C, and 91.04°C, respectively. The frequencies of α0-thal--SEA,--THAI,--CR obtained from routine testing in 2,135 samples were 17.89%, 0.19% and 0.19%, respectively. This method would be useful for preventing Hb Bart’s hydrops fetalis. Detection of multiple deletions in a single run is cost-effective, highly accurate and timesaving. This technique could enable wider α-thalassemia diagnosis in high prevalence areas and served as an example for thalassemia routine setting.
Pareidolias are a function of visuoperceptual impairment
Authors: McCann Emily , Lee Soohyun , Coleman Felicia , O’Sullivan John D. , Nestor Peter J.
Published: November 2023

Pareidolias, or the misperception of ambiguous stimuli as meaningful objects, are complex visual illusions thought to be phenomenologically similar to Visual Hallucination (VH). VH are a major predictor of dementia in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and are included as a core clinical feature in Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). A newly developed Noise Pareidolia Test (NPT) was proposed as a possible surrogate marker for VH in DLB patients as increased pareidolic responses correlated with informant-corroborated accounts of VH. This association could, however, be mediated by visuoperceptual impairment. To understand the drivers of performance on the NPT, we contrasted performances in patient groups that varied both in terms of visuoperceptual ability and rates of VH. N = 43 patients were studied of whom n = 13 had DLB or PD with Dementia (PDD); n = 13 had PD; n = 12 had typical, memory-onset Alzheimer’s Disease (tAD); and n = 5 had Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA) due to Alzheimer’s disease. All patient groups reported pareidolias. Within the Lewy body disorders (PD, DLB, PDD), there was no significant difference in pareidolic response rates between hallucinating and non-hallucinating patients. Visuoperceptual deficits and pareidolic responses were most frequent in the PCA group—none of whom reported VH. Regression analyses in the entire patient cohort indicated that pareidolias were strongly predicted by visuoperceptual impairment but not by the presence of VH. These findings suggest that pareidolias reflect the underlying visuoperceptual impairment of Lewy body disorders, rather than being a direct marker for VH.
Sensitivity of habitat network models to changes in maximum dispersal distance
Authors: Ortiz-Rodríguez Damian O. , Guisan Antoine , Van Strien Maarten J.
Published: November 2023

Predicting the presence or absence (occurrence-state) of species in a certain area is highly important for conservation. Occurrence-state can be assessed by network models that take suitable habitat patches as nodes, connected by potential dispersal of species. To determine connections, a connectivity threshold is set at the species’ maximum dispersal distance. However, this requires field observations prone to underestimation, so for most animal species there are no trustable maximum dispersal distance estimations. This limits the development of accurate network models to predict species occurrence-state. In this study, we performed a sensitivity analysis of the performance of network models to different settings of maximum dispersal distance. Our approach, applied on six amphibian species in Switzerland, used habitat suitability modelling to define habitat patches, which were linked within a dispersal distance threshold to form habitat networks. We used network topological measures, patch suitability, and patch size to explain species occurrence-state in habitat patches through boosted regression trees. These modelling steps were repeated on each species for different maximum dispersal distances, including a species-specific value from literature. We evaluated mainly the predictive performance and predictor importance among the network models. We found that predictive performance had a positive relation with the distance threshold, and that almost none of the species-specific values from literature yielded the best performance across tested thresholds. With increasing dispersal distance, the importance of the habitat-quality-related variable decreased, whereas that of the topology-related predictors increased. We conclude that the sensitivity of these models to the dispersal distance parameter stems from the very different topologies formed with different movement assumptions. Most reported maximum dispersal distances are underestimated, presumably due to leptokurtic dispersal distribution. Our results imply that caution should be taken when selecting a dispersal distance threshold, considering higher values than those derived from field reports, to account for long-distance dispersers.
Seasonal and fasting induced changes in iron metabolism in Djungarian hamsters
Authors: Kawach Rawan , Diedrich Victoria , Gruber Andreas , Leopold Kerstin , Herwig Annika , Vujić Spasić Maja
Published: November 2023

Djungarian hamsters are small rodents that show pronounced physiological acclimations in response to changes in photoperiod, and unfavorable environmental conditions such as reduced food availability and low external temperature. These include substantial adjustments, such as severe body weight loss and the use of daily torpor. Torpor is a state of decreased physiological activity in eutherms, usually marked by low metabolic rate and a reduced body temperature. In this study, we investigated the effects of photoperiodic acclimation and food deprivation on systemic iron metabolism in Djungarian hamsters. Our study illustrates the association between liver iron levels and the incidence of torpor expression during the course of the experiment. Moreover, we show that both, acclimation to short photoperiods and long-term food restriction, associated with iron sequestration in the liver. This effect was accompanied with hypoferremia and mild reduction in the expression of principal iron-hormone, hepcidin. In addition to iron, the levels of manganese, selenium, and zinc were increased in the liver of hamsters under food restriction. These findings may be important factors for regulating physiological processes in hamsters, since iron and other trace elements are essential for many metabolic and physiological processes.
PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF CATTLE SLAUGTHERED IN WUKARI METROPOLIS
Authors: Tyohemba Stephen
Published: November 2023

This Research work was carried out on the Investigation of Gastrointestinal parasite of cattle slaughtered in wuk

ari metropolis. The Study aimed at determining

the parasite loads among male and female c

attle and also to evaluate the

i

nfection rate

associated with age of the cattle.

The study was carried out in Wukari local government area Taraba State Nigeria located at the southern Guinea savannah with co-ordinate latitud

e 74259.99"N and 1002'60N.200 f

ecal samples were collected from the cattle slaughter in the abattoir in res

pect to sex and age. Two methods

were employed for this peace of project work which was Flotation m

ethod and Concentration method d

ata were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis using percentage in determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal. Prevalence of parasites in relation to sex, and locations was analyzed using Chi-square statistical test.

In this study out of 200 cattle examined, 127 were found positive for one or more species of GI parasite. The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in cattle generally (63.5%).it was noted that the animals above 2 years of age (1-5 y

ears) were more affected (39.4%) than animals above 5 years (6-10yrs) (35.4%) and animals above 10 years (10-15) (25.2%). Cattle slaughtered in Wukari metropolis were infected with helminthes generally. The prevalence rates of GI parasites varied in terms of animal sex and ages. The infection was moderate in most animals however warranting treatment. Future studies are required to evaluate the economic impact of GI parasites in the study area.
Transparência de Gastos Públicos em Saúde: Uma Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática frente à Pandemia da COVID–19
Authors: Renovato Flávia Lourenço da Silva , Moura Marcella Machado , Corrêa Alexandre de Souza , Silva Josimar Pires da , Noriller Rafael Martins
Published: November 2023

Este estudo aborda a transparência da gestão em saúde pública brasileira, com enfoque na pandemia de Covid-19, no intuito de fortalecer o debate público acerca da implementação e consolidação da gestão transparente. Este estudo realizou uma revisão sistemática de caráter qualitativo. A pergunta norteadora adotada nesta revisão foi: o estado de calamidade pública originado com a Covid-19 afetou em qual direção a relação da gestão pública com os princípios da transparência? Foram elegíveis estudos que abordavam o conceito de transparência, relacionado à esfera de administração pública da saúde, no âmbito da pandemia de Covid-19. Foram selecionados trabalhos publicados em revistas indexadas à base de dados do Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Dos 55 artigos resultantes, 6 artigos foram inclusos na síntese qualitativa desta revisão por corresponderem aos critérios de elegibilidade. Conclui-se que somente um estudo apresentara exemplo de eficiência na acessibilidade de informações sobre a aplicação de recursos públicos durante a pandemia, evidenciando uma lacuna na aplicação prática da transparência efetiva na gestão pública brasileira, apesar do robusto arcabouço institucional da gestão pública brasileira.
Non-contact Vital Signs Monitoring in Paediatric Anaesthesia – Current Challenges and Future Direction
Authors: Grech Nicole , Agius Jean Calleja , Sciberras Stephen , Micallef Neil , Camilleri Kenneth , Falzon Owen
Published: November 2023

Non-contact vital sign monitoring is an area of increasing interest in the clinical scenario since it offers advantages over traditional monitoring using leads and wires. These advantages include reduction in transmission of infection and more freedom of movement. Yet there is a paucity of studies available in the clinical setting particularly in paediatric anaesthesia. This scoping review aims to investigate why contactless monitoring, specifically with red-green-blue cameras, is not implemented in mainstream practise. The challenges, drawbacks and limitations of non-contact vital sign monitoring, will be outlined, together with future direction on how it can potentially be implemented in the setting of paediatric anaesthesia, and in the critical care scenario.
Sodium-Hyaluronate Cystic-like Lesion in the Anterior Chamber Following Cataract Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Mitsi Christina , Bakirtzis Minas , Panagiotopoulou Eirini-Kanella , Labiris Georgios
Published: November 2023

This is a case report describing the uncommon finding of a cystic-like lesion and its management in the anterior chamber of a male patient after cataract surgery.
Meryl Streepová a Emma Stone: přechylování cizích příjmení v češtině prizmatem korpusového výzkumu
Authors: David Jaroslav , Místecký Michal
Published: November 2023

Cílem studie je hledat mechanismy, které podmiňují tvoření ženských podob cizích příjmení v češtině, a to na materiálu Českého národního korpusu SYN, verze 9. Za tímto účelem zkoumáme korpusovou frekvenci jmen evropských prezidentek a premiérek, které působily v časovém rozmezí let 2010–2019, a jmen hereček, jež ve stejném období získaly Oscara za nejlepší ženský herecký výkon. Na základě statistického testování článek zjišťuje, jestli profese, věk nebo možnost skloňovat rodné jméno hrají roli v tom, zda dochází k feminizaci příjmení. Kromě výsledků výzkum naznačuje, že ve hře je mnoho dalších faktorů, například délka jména, pravopisné obtíže nebo mechanismus „syntaktické atrakce“.
A review of green hydrogen production by renewable resources
Authors: Hassan Qusay , Algburi Sameer , Sameen Aws Zuhair , Salman Hayder M. , Al-Jiboory Ali Khudhair
Published: November 2023

This comprehensive review delves into the burgeoning field of green hydrogen production through the utilization of renewable resources. As the global demand for clean and sustainable energy escalates, green hydrogen has emerged as a promising solution, garnering significant attention due to its potential to decarbonize various sectors. The study encapsulates a thorough exploration of the key methodologies employed in harnessing renewable sources such as wind, solar, and hydroelectric power for hydrogen generation. The analysis encompasses both technological aspects and environmental implications, shedding light on efficiency, scalability, and feasibility. Moreover, the review evaluates the economic viability and policy frameworks that underpin the integration of green hydrogen into existing energy systems. By synthesizing findings from a multitude of research endeavors, this study underscores the current advancements, challenges, and future prospects in the realm of green hydrogen production. Ultimately, this review not only contributes to a deeper understanding of sustainable energy pathways but also provides insights that can guide the evolution of green hydrogen technologies toward a more environmentally conscious and energy-abundant future.
Anisotropic honeycomb stack metamaterials of graphene for ultrawideband terahertz absorption
Authors: Liu Xueying , Xie Yinong , Qiu Jinlin , Chen Wei , Liu Yineng , Zhu Jinfeng
Published: November 2023

Graphene aerogels have implied great potential for electromagnetic wave absorption. However, the investigation of their design for broadband absorption in the terahertz (THz) range remains insufficient. Here, we propose an anisotropic honeycomb stack metamaterial (AHSM) based on graphene to achieve ultrawideband THz absorption. The absorption mechanism is elucidated using the effective medium method, offering deeper physics insights. At low THz frequencies, the impedance matching from the air to the AHSM can be improved by reducing the chemical potential of graphene for high absorption. There is a suppression of absorption at the intermediate frequencies due to constructive interference, which can be avoided by shortening the sizes of honeycomb edges. With the aim to elevate absorption at high frequencies, one can increase the stack layer number to enhance multiple reflections and destructive interference within the metastructure. Based on the above principles, we design an AHSM that achieves a broadband absorbance of over 90 % from 1 THz to 10 THz. This absorption can tolerate a wide range of incident angles for both TE and TM wave excitations. Our research will provide a theoretical guide to future experimental exploration of graphene aerogels for THz metamaterial absorber applications.
Decellularized extracellular matrix as a promising biomaterial for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration
Authors: Luo Rong , Hu Ruonan , Xu Jiawei , Yu Peiyun , Wu Xinyu , Zhe Man , Liu Ming , Xing Fei , Xiang Zhou , Zhou Changchun , Fan Yujiang , Zhang Xingdong
Published: November 2023

The emergence of tissue engineering provides an alternative therapeutic strategy for various regeneration. It is the crucial step for choosing an ideal scaffold to support the cellular behaviors of various functional cells. Various biomaterials have been found or synthesized and applied to tissue repair. Among these biomaterials, as a natural-derived material, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) derived from cells, tissues, and organs is attracting more and more interest due to its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the ability to mimic a microenvironment similar to extracellular matrix. More and more researchers utilized dECM derived from cells, tissues, and organs to fabricate tissue-engineered scaffolds to repair musculoskeletal tissues, since the bioactive molecules of dECM, such as fibrous proteins, proteoglycans, and adhesive glycoproteins, could provide various bioactive cues for tissue regeneration and remodeling. The physiochemical properties of dECM can be enhanced by changing decellularization and modification techniques. In addition, dECM can act as carriers of drugs, factors, or exosomes, delivering agents to injured tissues and promoting tissue repair and regeneration. Therefore, we conduct this review to discuss the current status and challenges of dECM in repairing the musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, the fabrication and modification of dECM were also discussed in our study.
Helium Optically Pumped Magnetometers Can Detect Epileptic Abnormalities as Well as SQUIDs as Shown by Intracerebral Recordings
Authors: Badier Jean-Michel , Schwartz Denis , Bénar Christian-George , Kanzari Khoubeib , Daligault Sébastien , Romain Rudy , Mitryukovskiy Sergey , Fourcault William , Josselin Vincent , Le Prado Matthieu , Jung Julien , Palacios-Laloy Augustin , Romain Carron , Bartolomei Fabrice , Labyt Etienne , Bonini Francesca
Published: November 2023

Magnetoencephalography based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) has been shown to improve the diagnosis and surgical treatment decision for presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy. Still, its use remains limited because of several constraints such as cost, fixed helmet size, and the obligation of immobility. A new generation of sensors, optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs), could overcome these limitations. In this study, we validate the ability of helium-based OPM (4He-OPM) sensors to record epileptic brain activity thanks to simultaneous recordings with intracerebral EEG [stereotactic EEG (SEEG)]. We recorded simultaneous SQUIDs-SEEG and 4He-OPM-SEEG signals in one patient during two sessions. We show that epileptic activities on intracerebral EEG can be recorded by OPMs with a better signal-to noise ratio than classical SQUIDs. The OPM sensors open new venues for the widespread application of magnetoencephalography in the management of epilepsy and other neurologic diseases and fundamental neuroscience.
Low Glycolysis Is Neuroprotective during Anoxic Spreading Depolarization (SD) and Reoxygenation in Locusts
Authors: Wang (王宇扬) Yuyang , Little Alexander G. , Aristizabal Maria J. , Robertson R. Meldrum
Published: November 2023

Migratory locusts enter a reversible hypometabolic coma to survive environmental anoxia, wherein the cessation of CNS activity is driven by spreading depolarization (SD). While glycolysis is recognized as a crucial anaerobic energy source contributing to animal anoxia tolerance, its influence on the anoxic SD trajectory and recovery outcomes remains poorly understood. We investigated the effects of varying glycolytic capacity on adult female locust anoxic SD parameters, using glucose or the glycolytic inhibitors 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) or monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Surprisingly, 2DG treatment shared similarities with glucose yet had opposite effects compared with MIA. Specifically, although SD onset was not affected, both glucose and 2DG expedited the recovery of CNS electrical activity during reoxygenation, whereas MIA delayed it. Additionally, glucose and MIA, but not 2DG, increased tissue damage and neural cell death following anoxia-reoxygenation. Notably, glucose-induced injuries were associated with heightened CO2output during the early phase of reoxygenation. Conversely, 2DG resulted in a bimodal response, initially dampening CO2output and gradually increasing it throughout the recovery period. Given the discrepancies between effects of 2DG and MIA, the current results require cautious interpretations. Nonetheless, our findings present evidence that glycolysis is not a critical metabolic component in either anoxic SD onset or recovery and that heightened glycolysis during reoxygenation may exacerbate CNS injuries. Furthermore, we suggest that locust anoxic recovery is not solely dependent on energy availability, and the regulation of metabolic flux during early reoxygenation may constitute a strategy to mitigate damage.
Establishing the Roles of the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum in Humor Comprehension and Appreciation with fMRI
Authors: Prenger Margaret , Gilchrist Madeline , Van Hedger Kathryne , Seergobin Ken N. , Owen Adrian M. , MacDonald Penny A.
Published: November 2023

Humor comprehension (i.e., getting a joke) and humor appreciation (i.e., enjoying a joke) are distinct, cognitively complex processes. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations have identified several key cortical regions but have overlooked subcortical structures that have theoretical importance in humor processing. The dorsal striatum (DS) contributes to working memory, ambiguity processing, and cognitive flexibility, cognitive functions that are required to accurately recognize humorous stimuli. The ventral striatum (VS) is critical in reward processing and enjoyment. We hypothesized that the DS and VS play important roles in humor comprehension and appreciation, respectively. We investigated the engagement of these regions in these distinct processes using fMRI. Twenty-six healthy young male and female human adults completed two humor-elicitation tasks during a 3 tesla fMRI scan consisting of a traditional behavior-based joke task and a naturalistic audiovisual sitcom paradigm (i.e.,Seinfeldviewing task). Across both humor-elicitation methods, whole-brain analyses revealed cortical activation in the inferior frontal gyrus, the middle frontal gyrus, and the middle temporal gyrus for humor comprehension, and the temporal cortex for humor appreciation. Additionally, with region of interest analyses, we specifically examined whether DS and VS activation correlated with these processes. Across both tasks, we demonstrated that humor comprehension implicates both the DS and the VS, whereas humor appreciation only engages the VS. These results establish the role of the DS in humor comprehension, which has been previously overlooked, and emphasize the role of the VS in humor processing more generally.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumorous stimuli are processed by the brain in at least two distinct stages. First, humor comprehension involves understanding humorous intent through cognitive and problem-solving mechanisms. Second, humor appreciation involves enjoyment, mirth, and laughter in response to a joke. The roles of smaller subcortical brain regions in humor processing, such as the DS and VS, have been overlooked in previous investigations. However, these regions are involved in functions that support humor comprehension (e.g., working memory ambiguity resolution, and cognitive flexibility) and humor appreciation (e.g., reward processing, pleasure, and enjoyment). In this study, we used neuroimaging to demonstrate that the DS and VS play important roles in humor comprehension and appreciation, respectively, across two different humor-elicitation tasks.
Probiotics in bone fracture treatment? A narrative literature review
Authors: Karačić Andrija , Novak Jasna , Ivković Alan
Published: November 2023

The recent recognition of the importance of the intestinal microbiome in host physiology has driven investigations of gut microbiome-directed therapeutics, with probiotics attracting increased attention in the treatment of a diversity of conditions. The application of probiotics has expanded beyond the treatment of intestinal tract disorders. Today, their capacity to treat a vast array of conditions arising also along the gut–bone axis is being studied. Therefore, in this study we have carried out a scoping literature review of the clinical trials evaluating the effect of probiotics in the treatment of bone fracture. In total, six articles were found for review, four randomized placebo-controlled trials on humans and two studies using animal models. Probiotics were found to have positive effects on fracture treatment. Probiotics were shown to improve not only bone regeneration but also decrease systemic inflammation and pain during conservative fracture treatment. However, this is a novel field and due to the limited number of studies only sparse conclusions can be made. Additional clinical trials on the possible role of probiotics in fracture treatment are necessary to fully evaluate their therapeutic potential.
Aproximaciones al estudio del desarrollo del castellano de los escolares indígenas en la escuela limeña
Authors: Meneses T. Norma I.
Published: November 2023

La situación de la educación en nuestro país evidencia una problemática de diversas facetas. Una de estas facetas, quizá la más importante y al mismo tiempo la menos aten­dida, es el aspecto lingüístico.
La rinoglotofilia y el gruñido de afirmación: una tendencia universal
Authors: Parker Steve
Published: November 2023

Aumentando una lista preliminar (Parker 1996), presento un corpus de 705 palabras que significan ‘sí’ tomadas de 582 lenguas habladas en 74 países. Basándome en todos estos datos, postulo una plantilla universal básica o fom1a canónica de este vocablo que tiene el patrón /he?e/. En la discusión que sigue, propongo una explicación formal y funcional de este fenón1eno a raíz del concepto de un gesto articulatorio mínimo.
Development and implementation of the management system of the economic and property complex of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Chadyuk A.V. , Fedorenko R.M. ,   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Kurchenko O.A. ,   Kiev Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: November 2023

In modern conditions, the issue of building an effective management system for the economic and property complex of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine becomes an urgent issue. This can be done on the basis of the creation and implementation of computer information and analytical systems, in particular, the Digital Real Estate Management System of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (hereinafter - CS PROPERTY). CS MAYNO is intended for management of accounting, storage and use of reliable and updated information on real estate, which is recorded on the balance sheet of institutions, organizations, enterprises of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and management of lease and use contracts. The system must be developed using a modern software platform without using the software of the aggressor country. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of the subject area is carried out and ways of automating the activities of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in this area are described.
Artificial intelligence in cloud-based mobile radar computing
Authors:   SPE ", Коsovets M. ,   Quantor", Tovstenko L. ,   Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics NAS of Ukraine
Published: November 2023

The introduction of Artificial Intelligence into mobile radar computing based on cloud resources has made it possible to combine radar resources at the stage of receiving, processing and presenting information. The radar system has become integral and flexible. The convergence of mobile applications in portable devices with cloud computing is a revolution in the organization of distributed computing. Attention is paid to the architecture of the client part as a neurocomputer distributed in space with deep learning capabilities. Providing analysis of radar data in Real Time for a mobile platform is very important and its implementation with packet data transmission at different stages accelerate the analysis process.
A Convolutional Neural Network Model and Software Tool for Classifying the Presence of a Medical Mask on a Human Face
Authors:   NTUU ", Hryhorenko Y.S. ,   KPI", Shymkovysh V.M. ,   NTUU "KPI", Kravets P.I. ,   NTUU "KPI", Novatskyi A.O. ,   NTUU "KPI", Shymkovysh L.L. ,   NTUU "KPI", Doroshenko A.Yu. ,   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine
Published: November 2023

A model of a convolutional neural network, a database for training a neural network, and a software tool for classifying the presence of a medical mask on a person’s face, which allows recognizing the presence of a medical mask from the transmitted image, have been developed. The structure of the neural network model was optimized to improve classification results. In addition, the development of the user interface was carried out. The developed application was tested on a set of random images. The resulting model demonstrated high accuracy and robustness in solving the task of classifying the presence of a medical mask on a person’s face, which allows automating measures to protect people from the spread of diseases. The implemented application meets the requirements for speed and quality of classification. Further improvement of the classification quality of CNN can be done by collecting a larger dataset and researching other CNN architectures.
Штучний інтелект як інструмент зниження корупційних ризиків у сфері публічних закупівель
Authors: Карпенко Олександр , Карпенко Юлія , Герман Денис
Published: November 2023

Метою статті є визначення основних переваг застосування штучного інтелекту для зниження корупційних ризиків у сфері публічних закупівель, а також надання практичних рекомендацій щодо максимізації рівня впровадження його алгоритмів та технологій. Проаналізовано нормативні, організаційні та технологічні особливості здійснення публічних закупівель на період дії правового режиму воєнного стану в Україні. Визначено недоліки застосування принципу «top-down» для фінансового плануванні обсягів публічних закупівель органами державної влади. Констатовано, що закупівельний процес продовжує бути адміністративно обтяжливим, а його процедури є персистентними та часоємними, через необхідність заповнення складних форм, які вимагають значних людських ресурсів. Доведено, що для послідовного впровадження штучного інтелекту слід враховувати передусім переваги його технологій й алгоритми, які будуть використовуватися для зниження корупційних ризиків, підвищення ефективності та результативності публічних закупівель. Визначено основні переваги алгоритмів та технологій штучного інтелекту за умови їх впровадження у сферу публічних закупівель, що сприятиме заощадженню бюджету для замовників та/або отримання прибутку для постачальників (своєчасне та належне інформування потенційних учасників закупівельного процесу; моніторинг великих масивів даних відкритих тендерів; планування, здійснення аналітичної та прогностичної діяльності; роботизація трудомістких, рутинних, стандартних, типових та повторюваних операцій; оптимізація та/або узгодження внутрішніх операцій закупівельного процесу; розробка стратегій з управління закупівельним процесом). Доведено, необхідність використання чат-ботів, побудованих на основі спеціальних програмних рішень штучного інтелекту, які завдяки використанню технології «machine learning» зможуть аналізувати типові помилки та існуючі проблеми закупівельних процесів, допомагати учасникам відкритих торгів правильно заповнити та своєчасно подати свої пропозиції. Чат-боти зможуть стати транспарентною комунікативною платформою для подання, обробки інформації та забезпечення зворотного зв’язку, виключаючи «людський фактор», що суттєво обмежить безпосередню комунікацію між замовником та учасниками тендеру, забезпечить здорову конкуренцію та сприятиме уникненню можливих корупційних ризиків. Надано практичні рекомендації для максимізації рівня впровадження алгоритмів та технологій штучного інтелекту, а саме необхідно: для розробки оптимальних алгоритмів закупівельних процедур вдосконалити механізм підготовки процедур відкритих торгів та укладання контрактів через впровадження системи оцінювання та аналізу даних попередніх торгів та контрактів; обирати роботи, товари і послуги, які краще підходять для проведення відкритих торгів, їх необхідний обсяг та оптимальну вартість за допомогою оптимізаційних алгоритмів та машинного навчання.
The economic impact and role of health communication in the economic recovery of tuberculosis (TB) patients in Indonesia
Authors: Solihin Olih , Lubis Djuara , Muljono Pudji , Amanah Siti
Published: November 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) patients suffer physically and bear the economic burden as many patients cannot work or generate income when ill. Concerning this issue, health communication plays a role in addressing the economic impact through advocacy strategies. This study aims to analyze how the economic impact and health communication advocacy conducted by Aisyiyah and Terjang NGOs contribute to TB patients' economic recovery in Bandung. This research adopts a cross-sectional approach involving data collection at a specific point in time. The findings indicate that the average percentage of patients who are the primary breadwinners of the family is 44.33%, patients who have lost their jobs is 82.33%, patients with loans is 38.67%, patients selling property is 55.67%, patients receiving government assistance is 68.33%, patients receiving assistance from private institutions is 21%, patients receiving assistance from family is 78%, and the median value of aid in the last three months is 21.83 USD. Aisyiyah and Terjang provide information on treatment costs, skills training, access to social support programs, and awareness of stigma and discrimination among TB patients. Terjang also provides legal assistance to patients who experience discrimination. This health communication advocacy can enhance social and economic support for TB patients and their families.