bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preserving and Protecting Well-being among Homeless Men
Authors: Parker Josie , Reitzes Donald C. , Ruel Erin E.
Published: July 2015

In this study, we began with Snow and Anderson’s insight that the physical deprivation and extreme poverty of homelessness not only have negative effects on the health and mortality of homeless people but also present challenges to their well-being. The data are derived from 287 men living in downtown Atlanta. Applying and extending identity theory, we found support for the expectation that positive identity meanings, even a stigmatized identity such as being a homeless person, may provide support for a more general sense of self-esteem. Furthermore, homeless people can negotiate the subjective importance they attribute to the identity (homeless identity centrality) and the situations and social setting in which they invoke the identity (homeless identity salience). Findings reveal that lower homeless identity centrality increased self-efficacy but not self-worth, and homeless identity salience did not influence either self-worth or self-efficacy. Our study supports and extends the emerging recognition that homeless people do not passively, inevitably, and uniformly accept a deprecated and devalued sense of self.
Effects of pitch, yaw, and roll on delta wing skin friction topology
Authors: Woodiga Sudesh , Liu Tianshu , Ramasamy RS Vewen , Kode Sai Kumar
Published: July 2015

High-resolution skin friction fields in separated flows over a 65° delta wing and a 76/40° double-delta wing with different junction fillets are obtained by using quantitative global skin friction diagnostics based on luminescent oil visualizations. The topological features such as separation and attachment lines on these delta wings are identified, and the effects of the pitch, yaw, and roll angles on the skin friction topology are studied systematically. The topological consistency of the measured skin friction fields on the delta wings is examined by using the Poincare–Bendixson index formula.
When Knowledge Knows No Bounds
Authors: Atir Stav , Rosenzweig Emily , Dunning David
Published: July 2015

People overestimate their knowledge, at times claiming knowledge of concepts, events, and people that do not exist and cannot be known, a phenomenon called overclaiming. What underlies assertions of such impossible knowledge? We found that people overclaim to the extent that they perceive their personal expertise favorably. Studies 1a and 1b showed that self-perceived financial knowledge positively predicts claiming knowledge of nonexistent financial concepts, independent of actual knowledge. Study 2 demonstrated that self-perceived knowledge within specific domains (e.g., biology) is associated specifically with overclaiming within those domains. In Study 3, warning participants that some of the concepts they saw were fictitious did not reduce the relationship between self-perceived knowledge and overclaiming, which suggests that this relationship is not driven by impression management. In Study 4, boosting self-perceived expertise in geography prompted assertions of familiarity with nonexistent places, which supports a causal role for self-perceived expertise in claiming impossible knowledge.
The Influence of Social Norms on Advancement Through Bystander Stages for Preventing Interpersonal Violence
Authors: Deitch-Stackhouse Jacqueline , Kenneavy Kristin , Thayer Richard , Berkowitz Alan , Mascari Janine
Published: July 2015

This research evaluates the impact of social norms on the advancement through the bystander stages toward prosocial (active) intervention in interpersonal violence (IPV): emotional abuse, physical violence, controlling behavior, sexual violence, and stalking. The influence of social norms on bystander behavior across stages and types of violence varies. Accurate social norms perceptions are associated with routine intervention, although social norms misperceptions are not always a strong deterrent to intervention. Interpretation of a violent situation as problematic predicts increased willingness to intervene. Implications for the development of social norms antiviolence campaigns and strategies for reducing barriers to prosocial intervention are discussed.
Evolution of Community-Managed Water Supply Projects From 1994 to the 2010s in Ethiopia
Authors: Behailu Beshah M. , Suominen Arto , Katko Tapio S.
Published: July 2015

This article discusses the evolution of community-managed projects (CMPs) along with the global community-based management of water supply and sanitation services since the 1960s, particularly the evolution of Ethiopian water resources development in the last century. The study was conducted with intensive reviews of journals, reports, project documents, and discussions with the people involved in CMP implementation, including many Ethiopian government officials. The article presents the various development phases of the water and sanitation sector in Ethiopia together with national and global influences. Currently, in the 2010s, the CMP financing mechanisms and the national development of water supply and sanitation are more organized and integrated, and are in the stage of scaling up. The recently agreed national water, sanitation, and hygiene strategic framework is expected to have significant impacts on the rural water supply and sanitation development in Ethiopia.
A hybrid format for better performance of sparse matrix-vector multiplication on a GPU
Authors: Guo Dahai , Gropp William , Olson Luke N
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we present a new sparse matrix data format that leads to improved memory coalescing and more efficient sparse matrix-vector multiplication for a wide range of problems on high-throughput architectures such as a GPU. The sparse matrix structure is constructed by sorting the rows based on the row length (defined as the number of non-zero elements in a matrix row) followed by a partition into two ranges, short rows and long rows. Based on this partition, the matrix entries are then transformed into ELLPACK or vectorized compressed sparse row format. In addition, the number of threads are adaptively selected by their row length, in order to balance the workload for each graphics processing unit thread. Several computational experiments are presented to support this approach and the results suggest a notable improvement over a wide range of matrix structures.
Data journalism’s actors, practices and skills: A case study from Quebec
Authors: Tabary Constance , Provost Anne-Marie , Trottier Alexandre
Published: July 2015

This article investigates occurrences of data journalism between 2011 and 2013 in the Canadian province of Quebec in order to identify and examine its actors, data access conditions, practices and the required computer and statistical skills. We analysed six Quebec media outlets’ quantification and statistical data visualization projects. We noticed a growth in the production of data journalism during the period, but this production is in general of little depth and does not lead to journalists learning new skills. One considerable barrier to the production of quality data journalism in Quebec is the lack of quality data offered by the provincial and federal government.
Reevaluating the relationship between education and child labour using the capabilities approach: Policy and implications for inequality in Cambodia
Authors: Kluttz Jenalee
Published: July 2015

Cambodia has experienced rapid economic growth in the last two decades, improving living standards and diminishing poverty. Unfortunately, it has failed to do so evenly. Growth within the country has widened the gap between rich and poor and exacerbated the rural/urban divide. This inequality is mirrored in the school system. Inequality within the school system is, in large part, due to the persistence of child labour in rural and remote areas. Yet, child labour is not simply a symptom of poverty in Cambodia, but more a lack of opportunity, which suggests that education may have an important role to play as a solution. This article considers the relationship between child labour and education in Cambodia. Using the Human Development and Capabilities Approach, it draws attention to the intrinsic and instrumental values offered by the quality of Cambodia’s basic education system and how they affect families’ decisions when choosing between educating their children or having them work as child labourers. Approaching solutions to child labour based on the premise that child labour is caused by a lack of opportunity or capability formation within education, rather than simply treating child labour as a symptom of poverty, allows for careful consideration of policy solutions, their effectiveness and the implications for inequality within the school system and wider society.
Eating disorders
Authors: Zhang Melvyn , Wing Tracey L M
Published: July 2015

Eating disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent and can be associated with negative outcomes and chronic mental health disorders. The two most-common eating disorders worldwide are anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa. Given the increasing prevalence of these two disorders, it is crucial for GPs to be able to assess and then apply diagnostic criteria, arrange initial investigations and advocate for the correct management of patients who present with eating disorders. This article aims to outline a best practice approach.
Religion, Self-Rated Health, and Mortality
Authors: Stavrova Olga
Published: July 2015

Existing research, mostly based on the data from the United States, suggests that religiosity contributes to better health and longevity. This article explores the association between religiosity and self-rated health across 59 countries and shows that the positive association between religiosity and self-rated health is an exception found in a relatively small number of countries. Consistent with the person–culture fit literature, Study 1 shows that in countries in which religiosity represents a social norm (i.e., it is common and socially desirable), religious individuals report better subjective health than nonreligious individuals. Study 2 demonstrates that even within the United States, the association of religiosity with self-rated health as well as with reduced mortality largely depends on the regional level of religiosity, suggesting that the health and longevity benefits of religiosity are restricted to highly religious regions.
Inferior vena cava filter misplacement in the right atrium and migration to the right ventricle followed by successful removal using the endovascular technique: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Wakabayashi Yasushi , Takeuchi Wataru , Yamazaki Kyohei
Published: July 2015

Inferior vena cava filters are effective for preventing the passage of thrombi into the pulmonary arteries in patients with pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. These filters are indicated in patients with contraindications to anticoagulant therapy or in patients with recurrent acute pulmonary embolism despite the administration of anticoagulant therapy. However, the occurrence of filter-related complications, such as filter migration to the heart, has been increasing. Herein, we report a case of OptEase inferior vena cava filter misplacement in the right atrium. Although the filter migrated to the right ventricle, it was successfully removed and repositioned in the inferior vena cava using endovascular techniques. Unfortunately, moderate tricuspid regurgitation developed, due to the damage to the tricuspid valve that was caused by the procedure. We have also reviewed the relevant literature and discussed the possible strategies for managing cases of filter migration to the heart and preventing filter misplacement.
Novel stability evaluation for short circuiting transfer based on features of input power
Authors: Lü X. , Zhang R. , Wang Y.
Published: July 2015

An experimental platform of carbon dioxide arc welding, which is used to measure input and output electrical signals, is established. On the basis of input signals, an algorithm for instantaneous input power is introduced. By analysing the waves of instantaneous input power and output current, it is found that the peak of pulsating input power (PPIP) and the pulsating input energy (PIE) are basically consistent with the variation trend of the output current. Short circuiting transfer frequency, coefficient of variation for PPIP and coefficient of variation for PIE are calculated based on the input power characteristics with different wire feedrate. As a result, it shows that all of them can be used to evaluate the stability of short circuiting transfer process. In addition, the optimum method for evaluating the stability is identified, according to comparison of the Pearson correction coefficients, and the results demonstrate that the short circuiting transfer frequency is the best.
Impact of process parameters during friction stir welding of AZ80A Mg alloy
Authors: Sevvel P. , Jaiganesh V.
Published: July 2015

In this paper, the influence of friction stir welding process parameters and impact of tool geometry on the microstructural characteristics and tribological properties of AZ80A magnesium alloy are experimentally investigated. Tool with three different pin profiles at a constant tool rotational speed ω to feedrate υ ratio were employed. Additionally, detailed experimental measurements are also carried out on the hardness and wear losses of joints. The chemical compositions of fabricated joints are analysed using energy dispersive spectrometry. The taper cylindrical pin profiled tool exhibited sound joints under the 750 rev min− 1/75 mm min− 1 ratio. It is also found that the tool rotational speed plays a more significant role on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the joints, compared to feedrate.
Gender differences of foot characteristics in older Japanese adults using a 3D foot scanner
Authors: Saghazadeh Mahshid , Kitano Naruki , Okura Tomohiro
Published: July 2015

Background

Knowledge of gender differences in foot shape assists shoe manufactures with designing appropriate shoes for men and women. Although gender differences in foot shapes are relatively known among young men and women, less is known about how the older men and women's feet differ in shape. A recent development in foot shape assessment is the use of 3D foot scanners. To our knowledge this technology has yet to be used to examine gender differences in foot shape of Japanese older adults.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 151 older men (74.5 ± 5.6 years) and 140 older women (73.9 ± 5.1 years) recruited in Kasama City, Japan. Foot variables were measured in sitting and standing positions using Dream GP Incorporated's 3D foot scanner, Footstep PRO (Osaka, Japan). Scores were analyzed as both raw and normalized to truncated foot length using independent samples t‐test and analysis of covariance, respectively.

Results

In men, the measurement values for navicular height, first and fifth toe and instep heights, ball and heel width, ball girth, arch height index (just standing), arch rigidity index and instep girth were significantly greater than the women's, whereas the first toe angle, in both sitting and standing positions was significantly smaller. However, after normalizing, the differences in ball width, heel width, height of first and fifth toes in both sitting and standing and ball girth in sitting position were nonsignificant. According to Cohen's d, among all the foot variables, the following had large effect sizes in both sitting and standing positions: truncated foot length, instep, navicular height, foot length, ball girth, ball width, heel width and instep girth.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence of anthropometric foot variations between older men and women. These differences need to be considered when manufacturing shoes for older adults.
In vivo pre-activation of monocytes in patients with axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Conrad Kristina , Wu Peihua , Sieper Joachim , Syrbe Uta
Published: July 2015

Introduction

Innate immune responses, including monocyte functions, seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Therefore, we characterized the phenotype and functional state of monocytes of patients with axSpA.

Methods

Fifty-seven patients with axSpA, 11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 29 healthy controls were included in the study. We determined the percentage of classic, intermediate, and non-classic monocytes according to CD14 and CD16 expression and the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 1, 2, and 4 in whole blood by flow cytometry. The percentage of monocytes producing interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), IL-12/23p40, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) was detected by flow cytometry after stimulation of whole blood without and with different TLR and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain ligands—i.e., lipopolysaccharide (LPS), fibroblast-stimulating lipopeptid-1, PAM3CSK4, and muramyl dipeptide (MDP)—for 5 h. IL-10 production was measured after 18 h of stimulation in supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

In patients with axSpA but not patients with RA, we found higher frequencies of classic monocytes than in controls (median of 90.4 % versus 80.4 %, P < 0.05), higher frequencies of monocytes spontaneously producing IL-1beta and IL-1ra (P < 0.05), and a higher percentage of monocytes producing IL-1beta after MDP stimulation (P < 0.05). Elevated cytokine production was confined to axSpA patients under conventional therapy (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and not found in patients under TNFα inhibitor treatment. The LPS-induced production of IL-6 and IL-10 was lower in axSpA patients compared with controls (P < 0.05). Monocytic TLR expression was unaffected in patients with axSpA.

Conclusion

Enhanced spontaneous and MDP-induced cytokine secretion by monocytes suggests in vivo pre-activation of monocytes in axSpA patients under conventional therapy which is reverted under TNF inhibitor treatment.
Increased carotid artery intima-media thickness and myeloperoxidase level in children with newly diagnosed juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Ilisson Jaanika , Zagura Maksim , Zilmer Kersti , Salum Erik , Heilman Kaire , Piir Anneli , Tillmann Vallo , Kals Jaak , Zilmer Mihkel , Pruunsild Chris
Published: July 2015

Introduction

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a frequent childhood rheumatic disease characterized by chronic inflammation. The latter has been related to impairment of arterial functional-structural properties, atherogenesis and later cardiovascular events. The objective of this study was to examine intima-media thickness (IMT) and the parameters of arterial stiffness in children with JIA at diagnosis and their correlation with JIA subtype and markers of inflammation and atherosclerosis.

Methods

Thirty-nine newly diagnosed patients with JIA (26 girls; mean age, 13.2 ± 2.6 years) and 27 healthy controls (9 girls; mean age, 13.6 ± 3.4 years) were included in the study. Twelve patients had oligoarthritis, fifteen had extended oligoarthritis and twelve had rheumatoid factor–negative polyarthritis. IMT of the common carotid artery was determined by ultrasonography, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and augmentation index adjusted to a heart rate of 75 beats/min (AIx@75) were determined by applanation tonometry. The serum levels of atherosclerosis-related biomarkers, such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and adiponectin, were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Mean IMT (0.46 ± 0.04 vs. 0.42 ± 0.04 mm; p = 0.0003) and MPO concentration (115.2 [95 % confidence interval {95 % CI}, 97.4–136.3] vs. 57.6 [95 % CI, 47.1–70.3] ng/ml; p < 0.0001) were higher in the patients with JIA than in the control subjects. The cfPWV, AIx@75 and serum ADMA and adiponectin levels did not significantly differ between the groups and JIA subtypes. Serum adiponectin level correlated negatively with AIx@75 in patients with JIA (r = −0.38; p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Patients with JIA have increased mean IMT and elevated MPO levels at early stages of the disease. AIx@75 was inversely independently associated with adiponectin level in the patients, suggesting that lower adiponectin levels might influence arterial subclinical stiffening in patients with newly diagnosed JIA.
On the performance of online and offline green path establishment techniques
Authors: Ruiz-Rivera Alejandro , Chin Kwan-Wu , Soh Sieteng , Raad Raad
Published: July 2015

To date, significant effort has gone into designing green traffic engineering (TE) techniques that consolidate traffic onto the minimal number of links/switches/routers during off-peak periods. However, little works exist that aim to green Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) capable networks. Critically, no work has studied the performance of green label switched paths (LSPs) establishment methods in terms of energy savings and acceptance rates. Henceforth, we add to the current state-of-the-art by studying green online and offline (LSP) establishment methods. Online methods rely only on past and current LSP requests while offline ones act as a theoretical benchmark whereby they also have available to them future LSP requests. We introduce a novel metric that takes into account both energy savings and acceptance rates. We also identify a new simpler heuristic that minimizes energy use by routing source–destination demands over paths that contain established links and require the fewest number of new links. Our evaluation of two offline and four online LSP establishment methods over the Abilene and AT&T topologies with random LSP setup requests show that energy savings beyond 20 % are achievable with LSP acceptance rates above 90 %.
Three kinds of new hybrid projection methods for a finite family of quasi-asymptotically pseudocontractive mappings in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Liu Yuanxing , Zheng Liguo , Wang Peiyuan , Zhou Haiyun
Published: July 2015

In the present paper, we propose three kinds of new algorithms for a finite family of quasi-asymptotically pseudocontractive mappings in real Hilbert spaces. By using some new analysis techniques, we prove the strong convergence of the proposed algorithms. Some numerical examples are also included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. The results presented in this paper are interesting extensions of those well-known results.
Relationship building in Vietnamese English written business communication: A systemic functional analysis
Authors: Nguyen Bich H N , Oliver Rhonda
Published: July 2015

English has a long history in Vietnam and in the last two decades, particularly for business communication, it has developed with an unprecedented speed. Despite this ascendancy, there is an absence of research regarding English in Vietnamese business correspondence. The current study is an in-depth investigation of this with a particular focus on the written features of English, reflecting the importance of written documents in this context. This research was framed within the theoretical perspectives of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). 303 business texts from various business sectors composed by Vietnamese writers were collected. They were then analysed with regard to four SFL variables:speech functions,mood,modalityandterms of addressto establish the nature of the interpersonal written features developing within Vietnam. The findings of the study indicate that the writers employed several linguistic strategies (e.g., using Vietnamese kinship terms and Vietnamese lexis) and non-linguistic strategies (e.g., using emoticons and written giggling) to establish a close relationship with their interactants. Relationship building was also reflected in the employment of politeness strategies to achieve positive politeness effect. These results suggest that SFL is a useful theoretical framework and analytical tool to uncover how English is employed in different socio-cultural contexts to enact social meaning-making processes.
Graphene Oxide-based Amplified Fluorescence Sensor for Nucleic Acid Detection through Target-catalyzed Hairpin Assembly
Authors: Kitamura Yusuke , Miyahata Takaaki , Matsuura Hirotaka , Hatakeyama Kazuto , Taniguchi Takaaki , Koinuma Michio , Matsumoto Yasumichi , Ihara Toshihiro
Published: July 2015

The fluorescence signal of a DNA sensor based on strand exchange on graphene oxide was amplified using a DNA circuit that consisted of autonomous cyclic reactions catalyzed by the target. Selectivity for the target was retained after signal amplification. The fluorescence signal was enhanced ca. 50–100-fold at sub-nanomolar target concentrations under isothermal conditions at 35 °C.
Case Report: melanoma and melanocytic nevus differentiation with reflectance confocal microscopy.
Authors: Łudzik Joanna , Witkowski Alexander M , Pellacani Giovanni
Published: July 2015

Historically, melanoma has been typically diagnosed by naked-eye examination and confirmed with invasive biopsy. However, recently the use of reflectance confocal microscopy enables non-invasive bedside diagnosis of clinically equivocal lesions. We present a case in which reflectance confocal microscopy was used to evaluate two skin lesions in the same patient confirming the diagnosis of a melanoma and potentially avoiding invasive biopsy in the second benign melanocytic lesion.  Clinicians should be aware of the availability of new non-invasive technologies that can aid in early diagnosis of malignant skin tumors and potentially reduce the number of benign lesion excisions.
MODERN SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT values of physical culture and its innovative directions
Authors: Григорьева  , Grigoreva Iya , Волкова  , Volkova Elena
Published: July 2015

This article discusses the innovative directions that define not only the con-tent but also the essence of teaching Physical Education.
Testing and evaluating its results in Sports Studies
Authors: Волкова  , Volkova Elena , Григорьева  , Grigoreva Iya , Плотникова  , Plotnikova Lyudmila
Published: July 2015

This article focuses on the theoretical foundations of the application of the methodology of the tests in sports practice. The article emphasizes that the defi-nition of the general and special fitness athlete can be successfully carried out on-ly on the basis of comprehensive testing.
PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Шестаков  , Shestakov F , Григорьева  , Grigoreva Iya , Кузнецов  , Kuznetsov Ivan , Хализова  , Khalizova Yuliya , Сушкова  , Sushkova A.
Published: July 2015

Psychological aspects of the preparation of the football team for the match are very important for the final result and the overall readiness to overestimate its value is very difficult. It is an essential component in the football coach with the team and each player in particular that not every coach is given in perfection. Customize the player for the upcoming meeting a strategic goal.
PARTICULAR OPERATING CONDITIONS OF THE WORKING BODIES OF BUILDING AND ROAD MACHINES AND FACTORS AF-FECT THEIR RESOURCE
Authors: Попов  , Popov Dmitriy , Патюков  , Patyukov S
Published: July 2015

The article considers the peculiarities of the conditions of the working bod-ies of road-building machines that determine their reliability and durability
Strategic Waiting for Consumer-Generated Quality Information: Dynamic Pricing of New Experience Goods
Authors: Yu Man , Debo Laurens , Kapuscinski Roman
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we study the impact of consumer-generated quality information (e.g., consumer reviews) on a firm’s dynamic pricing strategy in the presence of strategic consumers. Such information is useful, not only to the consumers that have not yet purchased the product but also to the firm. The informativeness of the consumer-generated quality information depends, however, on the volume of consumers who share their opinions and, thus, depends on the initial sales volume. Hence, via its initial price, the firm not only influences its revenue but also controls the quality information flow over time. The firm may either enhance or dampen the quality information flow via increasing or decreasing initial sales. The corresponding pricing strategy to steer the quality information flow is not always intuitive. Compared to the case without consumer-generated quality information, the firm may reduce the initial sales and lower the initial price. Interestingly, the firm may get strictly worse off due to the consumer-generated quality information. Even when the firm benefits from consumer-generated quality information, it may prefer less accurate information. Consumer surplus can also decrease due to the consumer-generated quality information, contrary to the conventional wisdom that word of mouth should help consumers. We examine extensions of our model that incorporate capacity investment, firm’s private information about quality, alternative updating mechanisms, as well as multiple sales periods, and show that our insights are robust.

This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
Sell-Side Debt Analysts and Debt Market Efficiency
Authors: Gurun Umit G. , Johnston Rick , Markov Stanimir
Published: July 2015

We explore sell-side debt analysts’ contributions to the efficiency of securities markets. We document that debt returns lag equity returns less when debt research coverage exists, which is consistent with debt analysts facilitating the process by which available information is impounded in debt prices. The effect of debt research on the debt market’s lag is incremental to, but comparable in magnitude to, hedge fund ownership’s effect. No such effect exists for credit rating agencies. We also find that the dissemination of debt reports has an immediate effect on return volatility in both markets, which is consistent with debt analysts providing new information to securities markets. Increased return covariation suggests that this information impacts the pricing of debt and equity in the same direction. A large percentage of debt reports do not induce any immediate debt market return reaction but do induce an equity return reaction, which is consistent with new information being provided despite the absence of a debt market reaction. Finally, there is a systematic variation in the debt market’s trading and return reactions to debt research. Timely reports and those by high-reputation brokers induce a quicker trading response, thus enhancing liquidity, whereas only timely reports induce a greater return response. This study illuminates the institutional underpinnings of debt market efficiency, and it has important implications for information content tests in the debt market, where trading is limited.

This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
The collision that changed the world
Authors: Broecker Wally
Published: July 2015

In connection with the Anthropocene, one might ask how climate is likely to evolve in the absence of man’s intervention and whether humans will be able to purposefully alter this course. In this commentary, I deal with the situation for very long time scales. I make a case that fifty million years ago, the collision between the northward drifting Indian land mass and Asia set the Earth’s climate on a new course. Ever since then, it has cooled. In the absence of some other dramatic disruption in the movement of the plates which make up our planet’s crust, on the time scale of tens of millions of years, this drift would cause the Earth to freeze over as it did during the late Precambrian. Evidence for this change in course comes from records of oxygen and lithium isotopic composition of foraminifer shells. It is reinforced by records of Mg to Ca in halite-hosted fluid inclusions and in marine CaCO3. In addition, the collision appears to have created abrupt changes in the sulfur isotope composition of marine barite and the carbon isotope composition of amber. Not only did this collision create the Himalaya, but more important, it led to a reorganization of the crustal plate motions. Through some combination of the building of mountains and lowering of sea level, these changes generated a mismatch between the supply of CO2 by planetary outgassing and that of calcium by the weathering of silicate rock. The tendency toward an oversupply of calcium has been compensated by a drawdown of the atmosphere’s CO2 content. This drawdown cooled the Earth, slowing down the supply of calcium. Although we are currently inadvertently compensating for this cooling by burning fossil fuels, the impacts of this CO2 on Earth climate will last no more than a tenth of a million years. So, if humans succeed in avoiding extinction, there will likely be a long-term effort to warm the planet.
Gender and Textual Politics during the Qing Dynasty: The Case of the Zhengshi ji
Authors: Li Xiaorong
Published: July 2015

In compiling the anthology Guaochao guixiu zhengshi ji (Correct beginnings: women's poetry of our dynasty) and its sequel, the female scholar-poet Yun Zhu (1771-1833) had, argues X IAORONG L I , explicit objectives: to celebrate the literary achievements of Qing-dynasty gentry-women and establish an orthodoxy of women's poetry in accord with contemporary attitudes toward literature and gender. Locating Zhengshi ji in the context of Qing anthologizing trends for both genders, Li examines both the rhetoric Yun Zhu and other editors adopted in their introductory comments and their anthologizing strategies. Through a comparison with other Qing anthologies, especially those mentioned in Yun Zhu's introduction, Li illustrates how women derived authority from the Confucian classics, particularly the Shijing , in efforts to seize a place in the literary world alongside their male counterparts.
The Chan Master as Illusionist: Zhongfeng Mingben’s Huanzhu Jiaxun
Authors: Heller Natasha
Published: July 2015

To examine the metaphor of illusion in Chinese Buddhism, N atasha H eller focuses on “Huanzhu jiaxun” 幻住家訓 (The family instructions of “Illusory Abiding”) by the Chan monk Zhongfeng Mengben 中峰明本 (1263–1323). Considering Mingben’s usage of the term “illusory” (huan ) in relation to its history in non-Buddhist and Buddhist sources, she examines how he addressed the use of language, with special reference to the Chan concept of “observing the key phrase” (kanhua). Mingben remained within the established philosophical discourse on illusion but, Heller argues, shifted away from metaphors related to the concept; instead he emphasized the character huan to suggest an alternative to intellectual analysis of words. He thereby advanced the discussion of kanhua Chan while affirming the ultimate illusoriness of such practice.
Defamiliarizing the Foreigner: Sima Qian’s Ethnography and Han-Xiongnu Marriage Diplomacy
Authors: Chin Tamara T.
Published: July 2015

Tamara T. Chin examines how relations between China and the Xiongnu transformed the discourse of China’s imperial frontiers during the Han dynasty (206 b.c.e .–220 c.e .), and particularly how early Han dynasty political debates about the Han-Xiongnu “peace through kinship” ( heqin 和親) treaty shaped Sima Qian’s ethnography. She shows that Sima Qian, whose description of the Xiongnu introduced empirical ethnography into the Chinese tradition, represented the Xiongnu from multiple perspectives and drew attention to political bias in Han discussions of the Xiongnu. His portrait of “Han customs” provided a comparative ethnography of Han and Xiongnu kinship that exposed the tensions in early Han-dynasty disputes over the meaning of the metaphor of heqin kinship. Later historiography, though modeling itself on Sima Qian’s work, lacks both his unease about Han bias and his self-reflexivity in representing foreigners.
Unspoken Collusions: The Empowerment of Yuanming yuan Eunuchs in the Qianlong Period
Authors: Kutcher Norman A.
Published: July 2015

Norman Kutcher illuminates the domestic exercise of imperial power in the Qianlong reign by examining the management of eunuchs at Yuanming yuan, the emperor’s beloved palace complex in northwest Beijing. Correcting the portrayal of the Qianlong emperor as a harsh disciplinarian, he shows that a eunuch shortage and the court’s desire to retain young eunuchs prompted police and Imperial Household officials, with the emperor’s quiet approval, to treat these individuals with increasing lenience. These circumstances fostered the empowerment of eunuchs, increasing their ability to fade into the group, to move with considerable freedom between palaces and within Beijing, and to enrich themselves through connections with the non-eunuch world. The growing privilege of eunuchs survived the attempted crackdown on eunuch power that came during the Jiaqing reign. Kutcher thus corrects the essentialist view that eunuchs possessed a uniform personality throughout time.
Poetry Matters: Interpretative Community, pailü , and "Yingying zhuan"
Authors: Wang Ao
Published: July 2015

Ao Wang ventures a new reading of "Yingying zhuan" 鶯鶯傳 (The story of Yingying), a masterpiece of classical Chinese literature by the Tang-dynasty poet Yuan Zhen 元稹 (779.831) that has been studied from many perspectives but has proven resistant to interpretation. By exploring the complex literary and sociopolitical links between two genres that Yuan Zhen incorporates into the story—tales transmitting the marvelous ( chuanqi 傳奇) and extended regulated verse ( pailü 排律)—and by placing the story and the poem back to the social and cultural context of the literati community of Chang'an, he shows that the writing of pailü was a public performance through which Yuan Zhen achieved pragmatic ends. Thus, whereas other scholars have dismissed pailü as a lesser genre, Wang shows it to be a crucial key to understanding Yuan Zhen's story.
Fund-Raising Wars: Office Selling and Interprovincial Finance in Nineteenth-Century China
Authors: Kaske Elisabeth
Published: July 2015

Elisabeth Kaske illuminates changes in relations between the center and the provinces after the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) by analyzing the transprovincial fund-raising campaigns that sold offices to supply provincial war chests. After rebellion nearly destroyed the Qing empire, the throne appointed military leaders to positions of power in the provinces. Scholars have long been discussing the consequences: did state power devolve into the hands of regional leaders, or did the central government reassert its authority? By taking interprovincial relations into account, Kaske shows that the provinces neither became fiscally autonomous from the center nor could ignore the interests of other provinces. Rather, provincial leaders, the Board of Revenue, and the throne renegotiated the rules of revenue sharing. As some provinces gained fiscal strength, they became increasingly responsible for matters of empire, such as the recovery of war-torn border regions.
My Car, My Life: Kuroi Senji’s “Running Family” as Ideology Critique for an Economistic Era
Authors: Tillack Peter
Published: July 2015

Peter Tillack examines Kuroi Senji’s “Hashiru kazoku” (Running family; 1970) in the context of debates that arose in the 1970s about the so-called “Introspective Generation.” In contrast to the Marxist critic Odagiri Hideo, who charged that Kuroi wrote politically disengaged literature, Tillack interprets “Running Family” as a critique of the middle-class sensibilities that began to predominate during Japan’s period of rapid economic growth (1955–1973). Analyzing the nonrealistic techniques that Kuroi used to represent a suburb-dwelling salaryman’s relationship to his new car, Tillack shows that Kuroi’s language was influenced by the discourse of advertising as well as a perception that objects have assumed an agency at the expense of human subjects. Tillack thus finds evidence in “Running Family” for the reifying effects of a society increasingly tyrannized by economism. Rather than escaping ideology, Tillack concludes, Kuroi confronted it.
Sympathetic Response: Vocal Arts and the Erotics of Persuasion in the Buddhist Literature of Medieval Japan
Authors: Eubanks Charlotte
Published: July 2015

Charlotte Eubanks explores the conundrum posed by the confluence of piety and eros in the oratory of monastics in medieval Japan. Other scholars have tried to explain this by pointing to the itinerant, socially unstable outcasts who both sold sex and appropriated Buddhist oratory in order to beg for a living. Eubanks instead unravels the connections between performance arts and Buddhist oratory to argue that the erotic elements stemmed from the doctrine of "sympathetic response" ( kannō 感応), which called for an emotional and sensual exchange, or mystical union, between believer and divine being, devotee and buddha. The marked association of the verbal arts with sexual favors was an elaboration of doctrine that evolved out of a pietistic desire for union with the divine as much as out of economic realities.
Vocabularies of Pleasure: Categorizing Female Entertainers in the Late Tang Dynasty
Authors: Bossler Beverly
Published: July 2015

Examining changing terminology for female entertainers from early imperial times through the Tang dynasty, Beverly Bossler argues that the so-called "Tang courtesan culture" emerged only in the very late Tang. She shows that well into the Tang commercially available female entertainers ( chang 娼) were socially distinct from the private entertainers ( ji 妓) found in elite households. With the expansion of markets and entertainments during the late eighth and ninth centuries, new categories of female entertainers-including courtesan-entertainers maintained by the government to perform at official banquets-proliferated, and the social distinctions between commercial and household entertainers blurred. By the late Tang, relationships with entertainers became an important aspect of literati culture and were to remain so into the Song dynasty and beyond.
The Ethics of Immutable Things: Interpreting Lü Dalin’s Illustrated Investigations of Antiquity
Authors: Moser Jeffrey
Published: July 2015

Jeffrey Moser offers a new interpretation of Lü Dalin’s Kaogutu , the earliest extant illustrated catalog of Chinese antiquities. Earlier scholarship either incorporated the text into teleological histories of archaeology and epigraphy or conflated its agenda with that of other “antiquarian” writings. Moser argues instead that the catalog was integral to the distinctive philosophical agenda of its author, who envisioned the Kaogutu as both an argument for and a means of noncognitive, sensory-driven moral cultivation. As such, the catalog evinces a key distinction between the moral philosophy of Lü Dalin and the cognitive ethics of his teacher Cheng Yi. By elucidating the connections between the Kaogutu and Lü Dalin’s sensory ethics, Moser explains how Lü transformed the collecting of antiquities from an occasional pastime into an endeavor at the center of moral life.
Gardens and Illusions from Late Ming to Early Qing
Authors: Li Wai-Yee
Published: July 2015

Noting that gardens are closely tied with various art forms and genres and yet have very real social and sometimes economic functions, Wai-Yee Li ruminates on the boundaries between representations and reality, and between subjective projections and objective constraints. After exploring the social and political meanings of various accounts celebrating non-existent gardens from late Ming to early Qing, Li discusses the aesthetics of illusion in actual gardens in that same period, dealing with such issues as miniaturization and the play with perspectives. With the political turmoil of the Ming-Qing transition, the discourse on gardens and illusions changed, and the tension between aesthetic and ethical values deepened: even as charges of frivolity and self-indulgence arose, many reaffirmed the necessity of illusion as the locus of memory and nostalgia in the midst of ruins and devastation.
Gender and Virtue in Nansō Satomi hakkenden
Authors: Walley Glynne
Published: July 2015

Good and evil, Gynne Walley argues, are the one constant dialectic in Kyokutei Bakin’s early nineteenth-century popular novel Nansō Satomi hakkenden , but they are not the only binary the author constructs. Hakkenden ’s world, like its author’s own, is one that proposes a number of dichotomies with moral dimensions. Prominent among these is the gender distinction: male and female are presumed to be opposite and mutually exclusive categories existing in a morally determined hierarchy. Women are defined as being, by their very natures, less capable of moral rectitude than men. By exploring how Bakin treats the topic of gender in this landmark work of Tokugawa fiction, Walley shows how Hakkenden sets the moral dialectic against the gender binary, ultimately destabilizing the categories of male and female in order to strengthen those of good and evil.
“My Tomb Will Be Opened in Eight Hundred Years”: A New Way of Seeing the Afterlife in Six Dynasties China
Authors: Shi Jie
Published: July 2015

Jie Shi analyzes the sixth-century epitaph of Prince Shedi Huiluo as both a funerary text and a burial object in order to show that the means of achieving posthumous immortality radically changed during the Six Dynasties. Whereas the Han-dynasty vision of an immortal afterlife counted mainly on the imperishability of the tomb itself, Shedi’s epitaph predicted that the tomb housing it would eventually be ruined. This new, pessimistic vision of tombs was shaped by the experience people had in the Six Dynasties of encountering numerous ruined tombs in their daily life. To secure an afterlife for the deceased, they adopted a new strategy, which relied on words: they inscribed epitaphs on stone, concealed them in the tombs, and expected that after the tombs fell into ruin the epitaphs would resurface to be read by future audiences.
Impacto de la asesoría del programa Cree para Cálculo I
Authors: Cervantes Campo Guillermo , Gutiérrez González Guillermo , Jiménez Blanco Germán , Martínez Solano Rafael , Navarro Gutiérrez Manuel , Obeso Fernández Virgilio
Published: July 2015

En este documento se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el marco del programa de asesorías CREE para estudiantes de Cálculo I, curso que se imparte en el primer semestre de los programas de Ingeniería en la Universidad del Norte, en torno a su incidencia sobre las tasas de mortalidad académica. El programa de asesorías CREE, para estudiantes de Cálculo I consta de dos actividades principales: los cursos de apoyo instruccional, con una intensidad de dos horas semanales, y las clases de preparación de exámenes, con una intensidad de tres a cuatro horas una semana antes da cada examen. Estas asesorías ofrecen a los estudiantes posibilidades de interactuar con otros docentes que apoyan su proceso de formación académica.
Sobre una conceptualización de la popularización del Derecho en la educación superior
Authors: Duque Quintero Sandra Patricia , Quintero Quintero Marta Lucía , Duque Quintero Derfrey Antonio
Published: July 2015

En este artículo de investigación se conceptualiza y fundamenta la popularización del derecho en la educación superior. Para responder al objetivo general de la investigación: fundamentar la popularización del derecho en el consultorio jurídico, se parte de los postulados de la didáctica universitaria y de la pedagogía crítica, que señalan el deber de una formación ligada a las realidades sociales. Así, desde una investigación cualitativa con enfoque hermenéutico, realizada en tres universidades de la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia), en la que se trabajó con 22 profesores, 69 estudiantes de las Facultades de Derecho y 75 usuarios de los consultorios jurídicos de dichas universidades, se concluye que en una facultad de derecho, el consultorio jurídico es el lugar privilegiado donde el estudiante está en contacto directo con las realidades y problemáticas en torno al derecho y que posibilita la formación de un estudiante popularizador, con conciencia acerca de su rol en la sociedad y del papel que al saber jurídico le cabe en relación con la solución a problemas reales y sentidos de las comunidades.