bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inuit Spirit by G. Arnaktauyok
Authors: Campbell Sandy
Published: October 2017

Arnaktauyok, Germaine. Inuit Spirit. Inhabit Media, 2016.Generally, we do not include colouring books in library collections because they are consumable.  Once someone has coloured the pictures, the book is used up. However, with the advent of adult colouring, the content of some colouring books has become important. Recently there have been several regrettable instances of colouring books about Canadian Indigenous people that have been created by non-Indigenous authors. In contrast, Inuit Spirit contains twenty seven line drawings by world-renowned Inuit artist, Germaine Arnaktauyok. The drawings are of Inuit life, Inuit mythology and tundra and ocean plants and animals.  Each drawing comes with an informative note. For example, the drawing of purple saxifrage flowers is accompanied by: “This is a close-up view of purple saxifrage flowers. In the spring, caribou eat so many purple saxifrage flowers that their muzzles are often stained purple.”If this book were added to a school or public library, children would want to colour the pictures. However, it does supply an artist’s rendition of the Inuit world that is accessible to children. The text also contains useful information. For example, the combination of the image and text of the legend of “earth children” or babies born from the land makes the concept of this legend easy to understand, so the purchase of this volume for children’s collections would be a judgement call by the librarian. However, it would be a good addition to any library that collects works related to Inuit art.           Highly Recommended:  4 stars out of 4Reviewer:  Sandy CampbellSandy is a Health Sciences Librarian at the University of Alberta, who has written hundreds of book reviews across many disciplines. Sandy thinks that sharing books with children is one of the greatest gifts anyone can give.
The People of the Sea by D. Uluadluak
Authors: Campbell Sandy
Published: October 2017

Uluadluak, Donald.  The People of the Sea, illustrated by Mike Motz, Inhabit Media, 2017The People of the Sea is a recollection by the late Inuit elder, Donald Uluadluak, of seeing an arnajuinnaq or a sea person, while he and his friends played on the beach near Arviat. The story is a simple retelling of the adventure which highlights the presence of sea-people in Inuit culture.  Unlike the vicious mermaids or tuutaliit of books such as Kiviuq and the Mermaids, who have frightening appearances and want to destroy kayaks and kill hunters, the sea-people in this story seem benign and simply curious. Mike Motz has drawn them as almost-expressionless creatures who look like fair-skinned women with long dark hair and facial tattoos – just as Uluadluak describes them. The two-page images are multi-coloured and do a good job of reflecting the sea and tundra environments. Text is overprinted on the images. The text is simple and comprehensible to the intended audience of 5 to 7 year-olds, but is above their reading level, so an adult would need to read this book aloud. The People of the Sea would also be appropriate for upper elementary children who are interested in traditional myths and legends.  Highly recommended for school libraries and public libraries. Highly Recommended:  4 stars out of 4Reviewer: Sandy CampbellSandy is a Health Sciences Librarian at the University of Alberta, who has written hundreds of book reviews across many disciplines.  Sandy thinks that sharing books with children is one of the greatest gifts anyone can give.
Jon’s Tricky Journey by P. McCarthy
Authors: Tan Maria
Published: October 2017

McCarthy, Patricia. Jon’s Tricky Journey. Illustrated by Hwai Lim. Inhabit Media, 2017.Jon is a young boy living in Nunavut, who experiences his first trip south when he has to be hospitalized for cancer treatment. This story describes Jon’s impressions of a large urban hospital, his cancer treatment experience, and how he copes with separation from home and family. Questions for the young reader, posed throughout the story, encourage conversation and engagement with the story.The text, author’s notes, and resource section are bilingual, written in Inuktitut and English. Hwei Lim’s detailed illustrations of the hospital environment and images of Northern life complement the descriptions of Jon’s cancer care journey and aspects of life in the North that he brings with him.The book includes tools and information to help family caregivers navigate cancer care processes. Resources include a list of treatment facilities and community resources, an introduction to patient navigation and cancer care team members, and questions to ask the oncology team. There is also a glossary, although it does not always define English-language terms in plain and clear language (e.g., the term lump defined as “an abnormal mass”), which may limit this section’s usefulness. Resources for health professionals include a copy of the Northern Pain Scale, a reference list for Inuit-specific cultural awareness, and cancer information.Author Patricia McCarthy notes that Jon’s Tricky Journey was written to meet the need for pediatric cancer care information relevant to Inuit children and their families. Prepared with input from Inuit organizations and reviewers, and geared toward children with cancer, their families, and health care professionals working in pediatric cancer care, this book would be a welcome addition to a hospital library or a patient and family resource centre.Highly Recommended: 4 out of 4 starsReviewer: Maria TanMaria is a sessional instructor at the University of Alberta and a former editorial team member of the Deakin Review. She is the co-author, with Sandy Campbell, of the Children’s Health Fiction Checklist, described in the October 2014 Special Issue of the Deakin Review (Vol. 4, No. 2) https://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/deakinreview/article/view/23321.
Little Bunny's Own Storybook by M. Welwood
Authors: Hamonic Laura
Published: October 2017

Welwood, Margaret. Little Bunny's Own Storybook, illustrated by Nataly Vits, Bomars Ventures, 2017.Margaret Welwood tells the story of a little bunny, who wants to spend the day at his favourite place, the library. Unfortunately, it is closed, and he must find another way to occupy himself. The little bunny feels sad because he does not want to play outside or with his toys, but then has the idea to make his own book. He collects paper, crayons, glue, and paint, and goes about writing his own story. The little bunny spends the day busily working on it. Then he reads his new book to his parents, who love the story. Finally, the little bunny encourages the reader to write their own stories and create their own books.This book has gentle, watercolour illustrations that give an almost dream-like quality to the book. Most pages are dominated with browns, greens, and blues. Each illustration fills a single page with the text written in a soft white bubble that overlays the images. The images are very pretty, but they do not add more information to the book, beyond what can be gleaned from the text itself.The text is an interesting combination of simple structure and rhyme scheme with complex and advanced vocabulary. The second and fourth line of every page rhyme, which gives the book a pleasant and familiar lilt. However, because of the use of words like “antidote,” the language seems somehow discordant.  This book indicates that it is intended for children aged 3 to 8, but the vocabulary would likely be too difficult for 3-year-olds, and the simple story line would likely be uninteresting for 8-year-olds. As a result, I would recommend it more for children aged 5 to 6. The book is clearly meant to convey the pleasures of reading and the library, as well as creating and sharing. As a result, I would recommend this book for public libraries. Recommended:  3 stars out of 4Reviewer:  Laura HamonicLaura Hamonic is an Academic Library Resident at the University of Alberta’s Science and Technology Library. She has a passion for all things crafty and spends her days cross stitching, crocheting, and costume making.
Using Self Organizing Maps to Visualize Structural Change in Geographic Regions of Interest: Las Vegas across the Years
Authors: Wandeto John M. , Nyongesa Henry O. , Remond Yves , Dresp-Langley Birgitta
Published: October 2017

Time-series of satellite images reveal important information about changes in environmental conditions and natural or urban landscape structures that are of potential interest to citizens, historians, or policymakers. We applied a fast method of image analysis using Self Organized Maps (SOM) and, more specifically, the quantization error (QE), for the visualization of critical changes in satellite images of Las Vegas, generated across the years 1984-2009, a period of major restructuration of the urban landscape. The satellite images were subdivided into geographic regions of interest. As shown in previous work by the authors, the QE from the SOM output is a reliable measure of variability and local changes in image contents. In the present work, we show how the QE from SOM run on satellite images of specific geographic regions of interest can be exploited for visualizing structural change across time at a glance, and facilitate the interpretation of related demographic data for a specific time period. The method is fast and reliable, and can be implemented for a rapid detection of critical changes in contents of time series of large bodies of satellite images.
A Moving 3D Laser Scanner for Automated Underbridge Inspection
Authors: Tarabini Marco , Giberti Hermes , Giancola Silvio , Sgrenzaroli Matteo , Sala Remo , Cheli Federico
Published: October 2017

Recent researches proved that the underbridge geometry can be reconstructed by mounting a 3D laser scanner on a motorized cart travelling on a walkway located under the bridge. The walkway is moved by a truck and the accuracy of the bridge model depends on the accuracy of the trajectory of the scanning head with respect to a fixed reference system. In this paper, we describe the metrological characterization of a method that uses non-contact systems to identify the relative motion of the cart with respect to the walkway; the orientation of the walkway with respect to the bridge is determined using inclinometers and optical rails, while the position of the truck with respect to the bridge is measured using a conventional odometer.  The measurement uncertainty of the proposed system was initially evaluated by numerical simulations and successively verified by experiments in laboratory conditions. The complete system has then been tested in operative conditions; the validity of the proposed approach has been demonstrated by comparing the geometry of buildings reconstructed with the proposed system with the geometry obtained with a static scan. Results evidenced that the errors are approximately 6 mm.
Special Issue on Biomedical Applications
Authors: Mizutani Masayoshi , Kuriyagawa Tsunemoto
Published: October 2017

Interdisciplinary research that integrates medical science, biotechnology, materials science, mechanical engineering, and manufacturing has seen rapid progress in recent years. Not only fundamental research into biological functions but also the development of clinical approaches to treating patients are being actively carried out by experts in different fields. For example, artificial materials, such as those used in orthopedic surgery and dental implants, are being used more widely in medical treatments. In the area of minimally invasive surgery using X-rays, CT, and MRI, medical devices possessing radiolucent and nonmagnetic properties are playing a major role. Medical auxiliary equipment, such as wheelchairs, prosthetic feet, and other objects used to supplement medical treatment, is also critical. To assure that such advances continue into the future, material development and manufacturing processes should eventually satisfy the requirements of medical and biological applications, which are being debated by experts in different fields.

The applicable materials should have excellent specific strength and rigidity, high biocompatibility, and good formability. The various needs for material characteristics and functions make interdisciplinary research essential. Mechanical engineering and manufacturing technologies should be further developed to solve problems involved in the establishment of basic principles by integrating the knowledge of materials science, medical science, biology, chemistry, and other fields.

This special issue addresses the latest research advances into the biomedical applications of different manufacturing technologies. This covers a wide area, including biotechnologies, biomanufacturing, biodevices, and biomedical technologies. We hope that learning more about these advances will enable the readers to share in the authors’ experience and knowledge of technologies and development.

All papers were refereed through careful peer reviews. We would like express our sincere appreciation to the authors for their submissions and to the reviewers for their invaluable efforts, which have ensured the success of this special issue.
Mini Special Issue on Machining of Deformable Parts
Authors: Teramoto Koji , Kaneko Jun’ichi
Published: October 2017

The machining of deformable parts is both an old and new problem. Because the standard procedures for machining operations implicitly assume a rigid workpiece and ideal chip removal, workpiece deformation has been considered a disturbance in machining operations. Due to the increasing need for lightweight and compact products, deformable parts, such as thin-structured parts and soft materials, are now widely utilized. For the effective and accurate production of deformable parts, die-less direct machining of deformable parts is a promising approach because of its applicability to various materials and shapes. This technical trend has increased the attentions given to the machining of deformable parts.

This special issue addresses advanced research done on the machining of deformable parts. This covers investigations into non-metallic parts machining, the estimation of fixed-parts deformation, and deformation analyses for thin-structured parts.

We would like to express our sincere appreciation to the authors and reviewers, whose invaluable efforts have made the publication of this special issue possible. We hope that this special issue will trigger further research on the machining of deformable parts, leading to advances.
Study on Ball End Milling of Inclined Surfaces for Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene
Authors: Shintoku Kousuke , Narita Hirohisa ,   Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meijo University 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University
Published: October 2017

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a polyethylene with a molecular weight ranging from one million to seven million. UHMWPE is often used for constructing sliding parts such as artificial knees, hip joints, and gears owing to its self-lubrication, wear resistance, biocompatibility, and light weight structure. High accuracy and smooth surfaces are required for UHMWPE parts. Cutting operations of UHMWPE are particularly suitable for small numbers of products and to realize high shape accuracy. This paper describes some surface properties due to ball end mill operations of inclined surfaces. Some inclined workpieces are fixed by jigs and various cutting conditions are analyzed. Two tool path patterns, namely contour line and raster line (scanning line), are also evaluated for various cutting conditions by surface observations and surface roughness measurement.
Analysis of Cutting Force in Elastomer End-Milling
Authors: Teramoto Koji ,   Muroran Institute of Technology 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan, Kunishima Takahiro , Matsumoto Hiroki
Published: October 2017

Elastomer end-milling is attracting attention for its role in the small-lot production of elastomeric parts. In order to apply end-milling to the production of elastomeric parts, it is important that the workpiece be held stably to avoid deformation. To evaluate the stability of workholding, it is necessary to predict cutting forces in elastomer end-milling. Cutting force prediction for metal workpiece end-milling has been investigated for many years, and many process models for end-milling have been proposed. However, the applicability of these models to elastomer end-milling has not been discussed. In this paper, the characteristics of the cutting force in elastomer end-milling are evaluated experimentally. A standard cutting force model and its parameter identification method are introduced. By using this cutting force model, measured cutting forces are compared against the calculated results. The comparison makes it clear that the standard cutting force model for metal end-milling can be applied to down milling for a rough evaluation.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE MATERI PELAYANAN AM ERICAN SERVICE PADA MATA KULIAH TATA HIDANG PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN TATA BOGA
Authors: Akmala Nazia , Nurlaila Nurlaila , Rusilanti Rusilanti
Published: October 2017

Penelitian  ini  bertujuan  untuk  mengembangkan  media  pembelajaran  online  pada  materi  American Service   pada   matakuliah   tata   hidang.   Metode   yang   digunakan   adalah   pengembangan   ADDIE (Analysis,  Design,  Development,  Implementation,  Evaluation).  Pengujian  dilakukan  dengan mengumpulkan  data  pada  mahasiswa  pendidikan  tata  boga,  dengan  cara  membagikan  kuesioner. Diperoleh  hasil  pada  media  pembelajaran  online  oleh  ahli  media  adalah  sangat  baik  (4, 45),  ahli materi   adalah  baik   (4,00)  dan  uji  lapangan  adalah  baik  (3,69).  Kesimpulan  menunjukan  bahwa melalui   media   pembelajaran    online   adalah   memiliki   kualitas   baik   dan   dapat   dipakai   pada pembelajaran  Tata Hidang.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR GEOGRAFI MELALUI METODE PICTURE AND PICTURE DI MAN 3 JAKARTA
Authors: Suroyya Hanum
Published: October 2017

Tujuan  penelitian  tindakan  kelas  ini adalah untuk  meningkatkan  hasil belajar geografi  melalui metode  picture  and  picture  pada  siswa  kelas  X MAN 3 Jakarta Tahun Pelajaran 2014-2015. Penelitian   ini  dilaksanakan   dalam  dua  siklus.  Masing-masing  siklus  terdiri  dari  tiga  kali pertemuan  tatap  muka  melalui  tahapan  perencanaan,  pelaksanaan  tindakan,  observasi  dan refleksi.  Subjek  penelitian  adalah  40  siswa  kelas  X-5.  Hasil  penelitian  menunjukkan  bahwa metode  picture  and  picture  dapat  meningkatkan  hasil  belajar  siswa  pada  mata  pelajaran geografi  materi  hidrosfer.  Kondisi  awal  sebelum  dilakukan  penelitian  tindakan  kelas,  siswa yang tuntas  hanya 18 orang dari 40 siswa atau 45%. Pada siklus 1 ditemui peningkatan hasil belajar hidrosfer menjadi 26 siswa yang tuntas atau 65%. Pada siklus 2 ketuntasan meningkat menjadi  35  siswa  atau 88%. Kesimpulan  penelitian tindakan kelas  ini adalah metode  picture and  picture dapat  meningkatkan  hasil belajar hidrosfer pada siswa kelas  X-5 MAN 3 Jakarta. Ketercapaian  ketuntasan  hasil  belajar  hidrosfer  dari  pra  siklus  ke  siklus  1  sebesar  44% sedangkan  dari  siklus  1  ke  siklus  2  sebesar  35%.  Peningkatan  ketuntasan  hasil  belajar geografi   secara  keseluruhan  dari  pra  siklus  ke  siklus  2  sebesar  43%.   Selain  itu,  hasil pengamatan pembelajaran dengan penerapan metode picture and picture dapat menumbuh- kembangkan  rasa  ingin  tahu,  sikap  dan  tindakan  yang  selalu  berusaha  untuk  mengetahui secara mendalam  dan luas dari apa yang dipelajari,  dilihat dan didengar.
Community Consensus: Don’t Kill the Chickens, Build Community Consensus
Authors: Spady Darcy
Published: October 2017

President's column

What is that smell?!

As a small boy, after doing the chores on one sunny summer day, I was happy to have a farm to run around on with lots of distractions. Life was grand, and the farm was my oyster.

Suddenly, there was this awful smell like rotten eggs wafting from the field. The nearby drilling rig was in operation but something unexpected had happened, and the crew was reacting to the situation. Dad was not sure what to do but was quite concerned about his 5,000 chickens. Chickens, like canaries in coal mines, are quite fragile when it comes to gases in the air. There was no way he could isolate the barn from the smell, so he gathered up the family and, similar to what you would do in a prairie storm, we went to the safest place in the farmhouse to wait it out: the basement.

Now, most of you reading this story know exactly what was going on, and—as I am still alive to relay the story—the worst case did not occur. Not a single chicken died, and more importantly, not a single member of the Spady farm family succumbed to the killer hydrogen sulfide gases gathering in the low spots, such as the basement.

Not much was ever said about the incident, and I am not sure if Dad ever followed up with the company man on the rig. We were pretty happy to have the novelty of a drilling rig on our farm, and benefited from the surface payments (royalty in Alberta at the time, as now, was generally held by the government). When I grew up it was a normal sight to see large piles of bright yellow sulfur byproduct at nearby gas plants awaiting shipment for agricultural use. This was all part of the new and exciting world of oil and gas that was eclipsing agriculture as the new provider of local jobs. I still drive the farm equipment around that old wellhead when I help with the crop seeding and harvesting. We have co-existed quite nicely for 50 years.
Technology Update: New Antifoam Additive Shows Superior Ability To Reduce Air Entrainment in Cement Slurry
Authors: Cabori L. , Abrams B. , Miller C.
Published: October 2017

Technology Update

Zonal isolation is a critical part of wellbore construction. To achieve zonal isolation, cement must be properly mixed before pumping downhole. Air entrainment that occurs during mixing can lead to errors in cement density readings. The use of powder antifoaming additives can enable a reduced level of air entrainment in the matrix of the cement slurry, but often requires liquid defoaming additives to reduce the surface air entrainment.

The X-Air P cement powder antifoam, developed by Hexion, is designed to prevent air entrainment in cement systems. The reduced air entrainment achieved results in an improved density control for a more accurately mixed slurry. The additive uses a unique chemistry that has been proven in the field to be at least 50% more efficient than an alternative, widely available commercial formulation, with more stable cement slurries achieved as a result.

The Hexion cement antifoam additive (CAA) is applicable in a variety of cement formulations, including those that contain dispersants, accelerators, retarders, and fluid-loss additives. The CAA is a free-flowing powder that is stable in wide temperature and humidity ranges and resists clumping. Its performance may also eliminate the need for a liquid defoamer on location.

Development and Testing

Following the effort that identified the need for a more effective powder antifoam, extensive laboratory testing was performed by in-house domain experts, service company specialists, and other third-party laboratories. Initial internal performance testing involved mixing the CAA at 0.1% by weight of cement (BWOC) into Portland cement, blending it with water and common cement additives, and measuring the density of the slurry. Portland cement classes A, C, G, and H were tested.

Variations of fluid-loss additives, dispersants, and accelerators were used. The same test procedure was followed with the use of an alternative commercial formulation. The results in Fig. 1 show that the CAA had measurably lower air entrainment than the alternative mixture, which led to more consistent results with a variety of cement additives. Third-party testing showed that the CAA had negligible effects on rheology, free water, thickening time, compressive strength, and fluid loss.
Frac Hits Reveal Well Spacing May be Too Tight, Completion Volumes Too Large
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: October 2017

Thanks to the advent of high-speed drilling in the US shale sector, the effects of so-called frac hits on production and well economics is becoming more important than ever. It means the clock is running for shale producers to figure out how to mitigate the implications of this well-to-well interference issue before they drill too many wells too close together.

Multiple perspectives on the topic were presented at this year’s Unconventional Resources Technology Conference in Austin, Texas. Included among them was a technical paper authored by engineers at Shell that used a simple capital expenditure formula to illustrate the financial risks involved with getting the spacing question wrong.

According to the paper’s authors, if a shale producer has an inventory of 2,000 640-acre drilling sections, and each new well costs $5 million, then adding just a single unneeded well to each section would cost the operator $10 billion.

In a separate paper also delivered at the conference, Schlumberger highlighted the other downside to suboptimal spacing: poorer than expected production. The company analyzed IHS data from 300 horizontal wells in the Avalon Shale of the Delaware Basin and found that child wells (the youngest wells on a pad site) were almost 30% less productive compared with parent wells.

“[Operators] see that the child well does not produce as much as the parent wells—or they see that when the child well is drilled, there is a negative impact on the parent well,” explained Foluke Ajisafe, a production and stimulation engineer at Schlumberger who led the study.

The driving factors she cited were how production over time creates stress rotation and leads to pressure depletion zones, known as pressure sinks. The paper describes two types of frac hits: one is a child well fracture that grows within a pressure sink and moves toward the parent well. The other involves a “stress vortex” that “can channel a fracture” as stress orientations change and align.
3D Simulator Predicts Realistic Mud Displacement in Deviated and Horizontal Wells
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: October 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 184677, “New-Generation 3D Simulator Predicts Realistic Mud Displacement in Highly Deviated and Horizontal Wells,” by P.M.J. Tardy, N.C. Flamant, E. Lac, A. Parry, C. Sri Sutama, and S.P. Baggini Almagro, Schlumberger, prepared for the 2017 SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition, The Hague, The Netherlands, 14–16 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Over the past several decades, the industry has dedicated considerable attention to the topic of mud displacement. For deeper wells with complex trajectories, such as highly deviated or horizontal wells, conventional 2D annular-displacement simulator models face limitations. The complete paper discusses the advancements in mud-displacement simulation that overcome the limitations of the previous-generation simulator and provide a more-realistic simulation in highly deviated and horizontal wells.

Introduction

The 2D mud-displacement simulator is now a standard in the industry. Nonetheless, because of the growing complexity of well geometries, some of its limitations have become apparent.

First, the simulation work flow considers fluid displacement in the annulus only and neglects what happens as fluids travel down the pipe. The assumption is that different fluids are perfectly separated inside the casing, even after hundreds or thousands of meters. In reality, without a mechanical separator, such separation is physically impossible.

Second, as a matter of performance optimization, the simulator was implemented to simulate only half the annulus, assuming symmetrical flow in the other half. This assumption prevents the determination of azimuthal flow, or flow around the casing, which is of great importance in deviated and horizontal wells with high-density-contrast fluids.

A third limitation is related to the determination of the annulus geometry. The widespread soft-string centralization model used to determine casing eccentricity assumes that standoff is always oriented in the direction of gravity. When a 3D wellbore is considered, it becomes necessary to consider 3D displacements and not just those in the vertical plane. Otherwise, unrealistic mud-displacement results can be obtained.

Simulation Work Flow

A complex simulation work flow must be followed to obtain cement-slurry placement in the annulus at the end of the operation.

The first step consists of running a hydraulics simulation of the operation together with a temperature simulator. This step accounts for the U-tubing effect and provides the position of the free surface in the pipe and the resulting flow rate in the annulus. In addition, the temperature simulation also allows accounting for the downhole properties of fluids, which are often temperature- and pressure-dependent. All these results are needed as input for the displacement simulators.
Multi-Timescale Workflow for Optimizing Installation and Integrity of Extended-Reach Horizontal Liners
Authors: Taubner Spencer , Van Vliet John , Dall'Acqua Dan
Published: October 2017

Liner designs for extended-reach horizontal wells should include a unified approach to mechanical integrity that considers all stages of the well life, beginning with the well design and tubular selection process and extending to well construction, operation, and decommissioning. Digital oilfield technologies present considerable opportunities for optimizing liner installation and integrity, particularly through simulation, measurement, analysis, and prediction of running loads during well construction.

This paper presents a multi-timescale workflow for optimizing liner installation and integrity in extended-reach horizontal wells. Given accurate models and planned well trajectories, liner installations can be simulated, problem depths identified, and mitigation plans put in place weeks to months before running liner. Since actual field running conditions rarely match design assumptions and predictions, it is beneficial to monitor and respond to installation loads in real time during the liner run. Furthermore, in a multi-well development, plans can be refined in the days between liner runs based on recent experience. Finally, on the order of months to years, well designs can be optimized based on field experience to meet both installation and operational needs.

Design-time simulation, live monitoring and predictions, inter-well tuning, and long-term design optimization make a powerful combination. Damage to downhole components or excessive drag on the running string can be predicted and prevented. Capital costs and construction costs can be reduced substantially without incurring additional risk or compromising well performance. Integration of well construction loading can enable tailored operating strategies that account for well-specific construction issues.

The workflow presented in this paper is novel in its breadth, spanning timescales from seconds out to years, and in its incorporation of new technologies for measuring and analyzing well construction data. Many elements of the workflow can be implemented independently to provide incremental gains and continuous improvement.
Flow Control Devices for SAGD Applications: Lessons Learned, Best Practices, and Suggested Design Improvements
Authors: Park Sang-Yeop , Saks Delon , Laksmanan Venki , Singh Anthony , Ma Michael
Published: October 2017

An inflow control device (ICD) incorporates either a restrictive or a tortuous flow path to impose an artificial pressure drop across the device. ICDs can offer a solution to the imbalance in heat transfer often seen along the wellbore and promote better conformance in steam chamber growth because they are able to re-distribute energy more evenly during steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) operations. ICDs can be applied in conventional and unconventional resources, but the main focus of this paper is unconventional applications, specifically bitumen production by SAGD. An outcome of efforts in 2008, the ICD’s first application was to mitigate flow conformance issues that were seen along the producer and injector wells; these issues were caused by various geologic and operational factors as well as backflow effects. The effectiveness of that first application has been well recognized in the form of higher bitumen production with better energy efficiency (Stalder, 2012). The conceived benefits of ICDs extend beyond production increases. One of the leading operators in the Athabasca oil deposits, who adopted ICDs in the early stage of their SAGD wells, confirmed ICD applications enabled them to produce bitumen even during the start-up circulation period and to realize a production increase of up to 80% at conversion to SAGD (Morgan, 2016). As more ICD success stories have circulated within the industry, SAGD operators’ interest in ICDs has grown steadily. On the basis of reviews of historical ICD performance, this paper provides lessons learned and suggested design improvements that will hopefully lead to more efficient ICD configurations in SAGD operations.
The Development & Field Results of a New, Advanced form of Sodium Silicate as a Cost Effective Solution for Treatment for Sustained Casing Pressure
Authors: McDonald Michael , Li Xianglian
Published: October 2017

Often, gas travels through microfractures and channels and requires the use of a solids-free chemical to adequately fill and block gas pathways. Recent years have shown sodium silicate as an effective and environmentally friendly treatment option. With lower oil prices and increasing regulatory requirements there is a greater need to improve treatment performance and reduce costs in the treatment of surface casing vent flows and gas migration. Recognizing these needs, the chemistry of conventional sodium silicate was modified to allow for a broader range of application and provide improved physical properties upon setting.

Conventional manufacturing methods produce aqueous sodium silicate with a defined range of molecular size, shape and charge. An alternative production method was developed that reduces the alkalinity and increases the silica ratio and is described as a high-ratio sodium silicate. The form and distribution of silica in solution is quite different than commercially available sodium silicate. The silicate molecules in solution are significantly larger and with a lower charge density. The change in silica structure positively impacts the setting of sodium silicate by polymerization and precipitation. Several of the commonly used setting agents used with sodium silicate and/or colloidal silica were investigated with the high-ratio sodium silicate. Compared to conventional silicates, the high-ratio silicate could achieve longer set times and was less prone to variations in setting agent concentration. Upon setting, the high-ratio sodium silicate showed excellent dimensional stability with significantly less setting agent requirement vs. conventional silicates.

Initial field trials took place in Western Canada using two distinct placement techniques. The first approach was to squeeze the high-ratio silicate into microchannels as a standalone product. The second approach was as a compliment to a cement squeeze. Field results ranged from complete zonal isolation to reduced levels of gas migration. Where gas migration was not completely eliminated, data suggested that not all pathways were squeezed and/or there were secondary sources of gas. On-going field trials will allow for improvements and comparisons of placement techniques.
Estimating Genotype × Environment Interaction for and Genetic Correlations among Drought Tolerance Traits in Maize via Factor Analytic Multiplicative Mixed Models
Authors: Dias Kaio Olímpio Das Graças , Gezan Salvador Alejandro , Guimarães Claudia Teixeira , Parentoni Sidney Netto , Guimarães Paulo Evaristo de Oliveira , Carneiro Newton Portilho , Portugal Arley Figueiredo , Bastos Edson Alves , Cardoso Milton José , Anoni Carina de Oliveira , de Magalhães Jurandir Vieira , de Souza João Cândido , Guimarães Lauro José Moreira , Pastina Maria Marta
Published: October 2017

Water deficit is one of the most common causes of severe crop‐production losses worldwide in maize (Zea mays L.). The main goal of this study was to infer about genotype × environment interaction (G × E) and to estimate genetic correlations between drought tolerance traits in maize using factor analytic (FA) multiplicative mixed models in the context of multi‐environment trial (MET) and multi‐trait multi‐environment trial (MTMET) analyses. The traits measured were: grain yield (GY), ears per plot (EPP), anthesis‐silking interval (ASI), female flowering time (FFT), and male flowering time (MFT). Three‐hundred and eight hybrids were evaluated in a total of eight trials conducted under water‐stressed (WS) and well‐watered (WW) conditions across 2 yr and two locations in Brazil. For most of the traits (GY, ASI, and FFT), the magnitude of the genetic variances differed across WS and WW conditions. Genetic correlations between water conditions for FFT and MFT were 0.81 and 0.82, respectively, indicating that it might be unnecessary to measure these traits in both water conditions. Grain yield and EPP showed moderate to high G × E, with genetic correlations of 0.57 and 0.39 between WS and WW conditions, respectively, which suggested that gene expression was not consistent across different water regimes. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate these traits under both water conditions. Genetic correlations between pairs of traits, in general, were higher under WS conditions compared with WW conditions. Grain yield exhibited moderate correlations with EPP (r = 0.62) and FFT (r = −0.42) under WS conditions. The FA models can be a useful tool for MET and MTMET analyses in maize breeding programs for drought tolerance.
Responses of Cotton at Different Growth Stages to Aeration Stress under the Influence of High Temperature
Authors: Qian Long , Wang Xiugui , Luo Yunying , Sun Huaiwei , Luo Wenbing
Published: October 2017

In the middle reach of the Yangtze River Plain, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum. L) can experience aeration stress at multiple growth stages, often accompanied by high temperature. These two stresses can negatively affect growth and yield. This study aimed to investigate the responses of cotton at different growth stages to aeration stress, particularly under high temperature. Two field experiments examining cotton responses to aeration stress were conducted over 8 yr, and structural equation modeling was performed to reveal the relationships among aeration stress, high temperature, and the growth and yield of cotton at four growth stages. The interannual variability in the yield‐reducing effect of aeration stress was closely associated with high temperature. Aeration stress and high temperature both interactively (in Experiment 1) and independently (in Experiment 2) reduced seed cotton yield. The interaction between these two stresses was observed only in Experiment 1, in which the impact of aeration stress was relatively slight. In Experiment 1, the growth stage most sensitive to aeration stress changed with high temperature. In both experiments, under high temperature, the sensitivity of seed cotton yield to aeration stress was threefold higher at the flowering and boll‐filling stage than at the other stages. In conclusion, the responses of cotton to aeration stress depend on the time at which aeration stress occurs and the additional impact, if any, of high temperature.
Major Management Factors Determining Spring and Winter Canola Yield in North America
Authors: Assefa Yared , Prasad P. V. Vara , Foster Chris , Wright Yancy , Young Steven , Bradley Pauley , Stamm Michael , Ciampitti Ignacio A.
Published: October 2017

Canola (Brassica napus L. cv. ‘Canola’) production has both economic and agronomic advantages. The objectives of this review were to summarize the key management factors determining crop productivity and to propose plausible pathways to narrow the gap between actual and potential yield. A synthesis study was conducted on data available from performance trials and by reviewing >100 reports in peer‐reviewed journals, extension publications, and websites. The main outcomes obtained from this synthesis suggested that canola attainable yield could be 4 Mg ha−1 with a potential maximum yield of 7 Mg ha−1. However, actual average yields in North America region were ∼1.7 Mg ha−1 for the period 2000 to 2014. Available in‐season water, water distribution at critical stages, and nutrient supply (soil plus fertilizer) all contribute to a significant portion of canola yield. Other management factors such as seeding rate, rotation, and cultivar selection substantially affect plant performance. Tillage might have an economic and environmental effect, but overall, the outcome of the meta‐analysis did not show significant effect on yield. The review suggests that water supply, balanced nutrition, early planting (for both winter and spring types) in shallow depth (10–19 mm), high seeding rate (6 kg ha−1), and diverse rotation (canola every 3 or 4 yr) are among the best management practices to increase yields. Future lines of research should focus on improving planting operations that diminish early‐season heterogeneity, fine‐tuning optimal seeding rates based on modern varieties at varying yield environments, and searching for compatible hybrids to replant without heterogeneity at harvest.
Minimum Daily Respiration of Maize: Relationship to Total Daily Respiratory Carbon Loss, and Effects of Growth Stage and Temperature
Authors: Di Matteo J. A. , Goldenhar K. E. , Earl H. J.
Published: October 2017

Since crop respiration can only be measured in darkness, estimating total daily crop respiration (Rt) requires knowledge of the quantitative relationship between daytime and nighttime respiration, including the predicted effect of temperature. We measured minimum daily (early morning) respiration (Rmin) in maize (Zea maysL.) at four different temperatures during the night and at four different growth stages to estimate the respiration response to temperature. In a field experiment, respiration was measured every 2 to 5 h over a 24‐h period at five different growth stages to explore the relationship betweenRtandRmin. The fractional rate change with 10°C temperature increment (Q10) decreased as the temperature increased. A single function was proposed to describe the respiration response to temperature across all growth stages. The minimum respiration of the day was reached between midnight and 6:00 AM, andRminrepresented 89 to 57% ofRt. Modeling maize respiration assuming a constantQ10is inadvisable, sinceQ10varies with temperature. There was no effect of growth stage onQ10until 26°C; above this temperature, respiration increased only in older plants. TheRtincreased over the season as biomass accumulated, but the ratio ofRmin/Rtreached its highest value at silking.
TCAP FAC‐WIN6 Elite Barley GWAS Panel QTL. II. Malting Quality QTL in Elite North American Facultative and Winter Six‐Rowed Barley Identified via GWAS
Authors: Belcher Araby R. , Cuesta‐Marcos Alfonso , Smith Kevin P. , Hayes Patrick M.
Published: October 2017

Malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an economically important crop worldwide. Barley malting quality is difficult to breed for, as it is a combination of complex traits that are time consuming and expensive to phenotype. This makes marker‐assisted selection—and thus quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping—particularly appealing. We used the Oregon State University and University of Minnesota facultative and winter six‐rowed barley advanced breeding lines to assemble a genomewide association studies (GWAS) panel, named the FAC‐WIN6, to map malting quality QTL within our breeding programs. Winter and facultative malt barleys can be sown in fall, which makes them more sustainable in terms of soil erosion and input efficiency. The FAC‐WIN6 projects are part of the Triticeae Coordinated Agricultural Project, which aims to develop sustainable barley and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm that is robust to climate change. The FAC‐WIN6 has 300 lines, with genotypic data for 5812 polymorphic single‐nucleotide polymorphism markers. We conducted a 2‐yr, single‐location GWAS experiment for eight malting quality traits: plump grain, grain protein, and six modification traits. We report 20 malting quality QTL across seven traits. Eight of the QTL appear to be novel. For each QTL, we provide an effect estimate, a representative marker, and a candidate gene. Our results are useful for marker‐assisted selection, as well as for strengthening the confidence on several QTL mapped in other barley germplasm.
TCAP FAC‐WIN6 Elite Barley GWAS Panel QTL. I. Barley Stripe Rust Resistance QTL in Facultative and Winter Six‐Rowed Malt Barley Breeding Programs Identified via GWAS
Authors: Belcher Araby R. , Cuesta‐Marcos Alfonso , Smith Kevin P. , Mundt Christopher C. , Chen Xianming , Hayes Patrick M.
Published: October 2017

The fungal disease barley stripe rust (BSR, causal agent Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) can greatly reduce yield and quality of malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), a valuable crop in the distilling and brewing industries. Yield losses of up to 70% have been reported. Resistant cultivars are the most sustainable defense against BSR, especially those cultivars with pyramids of quantitative disease resistance (QDR) genes. The Oregon State University (OSU) barley breeding program has selected for BSR resistance for decades and has released cultivars with BSR resistance. We wanted to determine the number and effect of the loci underlying that resistance, as well as whether it was conferred by QDR or race‐specific qualitative loci. To test these, we used BSR resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping via genomewide association studies (GWAS) in adult‐plant field trials (3 yr, one location) and race‐specific seedling greenhouse trials (five races). The FAC‐WIN6, a GWAS panel composed of 300 lines that represent the OSU and University of Minnesota facultative and winter six‐rowed malt barley breeding programs, was used in genotyping and phenotyping. The FAC‐WIN6 was developed as part of the USDA‐ARS Triticeae Coordinated Agricultural Project but was not developed specifically for BSR resistance. In total, we detected three race‐specific QTL in greenhouse trials (one of which was also significant in field trials) and 14 QTL significant in field trials only with 2.3 to 20.7% additive reduction in percentage disease severity. At least five QTL were considered novel. These results indicated that the OSU breeding program had both QDR and race‐specific loci for BSR resistance. We suspected that its BSR resistance distributions in the FAC‐WIN6 might align with the major population structure patterns in ways that would be difficult to account for with a GWAS model alone. Therefore, based on post hoc diagnostics, we report a qualitative “usability” level for each QTL.