bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Participation and Challenges Faced by The women's Elected in Local Level Government at Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Keshab Raj
Published: February 2022

The study aimed to find out the women’s representation at the local governance level. The paper is a qualitative analysis of participation and challenges of women in local Government in Chitwan, Nepal. This study explored the factors that facilitate women’s access to political and participation in local level governments. This study was based on Interview methods, focus group discussion and key informant interview. The primary information was collected from the 61 elected women who told the story of their journey to political participation and present status at different local level governments. This study was limited within only one Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan, Nepal. Majority of women lack resources and knowledge of their rights, have to face corrupt political culture and double burden of family role that restrict their effective participation in political processes. Inclusion Policy is the good practices that help advance women’s representation at the local level. The role of family and political parties help in supporting women’s engagement in local politics. The factors to women's political participation that they are mainly linked to low levels of female literacy and training, traditional gender roles and stereotypes, low self-esteem. Women are subject to strong discrimination coming from deeply rooted patriarchal attitudes and practices. There is a widespread belief that the public space is not meant for women and that by nature they cannot be good leaders. These perceptions are stronger in local level politics, making it hard for women to contest and take up leadership positions. The women's participation in local level government has been done to reduce or improve barriers and to analyze the political empowerment of women .
Turkish folk dances
Authors: Dhankar Rita
Published: February 2022

Folk-music is a very simple and intuitive science of music. It expresses the customs, way of life, food and sentiments of a particular country. Turkish folk music says the same thing. Tarkan finds a lot of mention in Turkish folk dances. In fact, Tarkan started taking special interest in folk-dances from the year 1928. The year 1941 was important in terms of changing the direction of Turkish folk dance. After the establishment of Praja Bhavan in the year 1950, the performance of folk dances had taken the form of a rich culture. Even more so, with folk-dance audiences now present in Ankara and Istanbul, folk dances were considered a new form of urban entertainment in the 1970s. In Zebeki's time there was a need to identify the national origin of every dance, but that need is no longer there. Dances were now seen as a national art form. The experience of Turkish folk dances reveals a new meaning of the word 'national'. This is different from the old prevailing servant definition of the word national. The folk dances elected in the 1970s and 1980s were national because they were amalgamated with Turkish territories. In other words, the folk dances that spread throughout urban Turkey in the 1970s were national in nature, while Tarkan-Zebeki envisioned them to be national.

 

Abstract in Hindi 

लोक-संगीत, संगीत की बहुत सरल व सहज विद्या होती है। यह देश-विशेष के रीति-रिवाज, रहन-सहन, खान-पान और भावनाओं की अभिव्यक्ति करती है। तुर्की का लोक-संगीत भी यही कहता है। तुर्की के लोक नृत्यों में तरकन का काफी उल्लेख मिलता है। वास्तव में तरकन सन् 1928 से ही लोक-नृत्यों में विशेष रूचि रखने लगे थे। 1941 का वर्ष तुर्की के लोक-नृत्य की दिशा बदलने की दृष्टि से महत्वपूर्ण रहा। सन् 1950 में प्रजा-भवन होने के बाद लोक-नृत्यों का प्रदर्शन एक समृद्ध संस्कृति का रूप ले चुका था। इससे भी बड़ी बात यह थी कि अब अंकारा और इस्तांबुल में लोक-नृत्य के दर्शक मौजूद थे, 1970 के दशक में लोक-नृत्यों को नए तरह का शहरी मनोरंजन माना गया। जेबेकी के समय में हर नृत्य का राष्ट्रीय मूल पहचानने की जरूरत होती थी, किन्तु वैसी जरूरत अब नहीं रही। नृत्यों को अब राष्ट्रीय कला के रूप में देखा जाने लगा। तुर्की के लोक-नृत्यों का अनुभव बतलाता है कि ‘राष्ट्रीय’ शब्द का नया मतलब क्या है। यह राष्ट्रीय शब्द की पुरानी प्रचलित सेवक परिभाषा से भिन्न है। सन् 1970 और 1980 में चुने गए लोक-नृत्य राष्ट्रीय इसलिए थे, क्योंकि वे तुर्की के प्रदेशों से मिल-जुलकर बने थे। दूसरे शब्दों में जो लोक-नृत्य सन् 1970 में पूरे शहरी तुर्की में फेले, वे स्वाभाव से ही राष्ट्रीय थे, जबकि तरकन-जेबेकी ने उनके राष्ट्रीय होने की कल्पना ही की थी।
The Development of Islāmic Culture and Civilization in Kashmīr and the Contribution of Muslim Ṣūfīs during the Medieval Times
Authors: Sheikh Tajamul Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Kashmīr has a long unique structure and identity due to its geographical beauty, natural resources, and traditional spiritual ethos since antiquity. In ancient times, although most Kashmīris were followers of Buddhism and Hinduism, in addition to these traditional religions, there was also an influential group ascetic mystics called Rishis in Kashmīr. They devoted their entire lives to abstinence (Nafs Kashi) and various spiritual struggles in order to control their desires of carnal self (Mujāhida’s). From the beginning of medieval times which is known as the golden age of Islāmic civilization and culture, the message of Islām spread rapidly throughout the world. In this regard, the group of Ṣūfīs played vital role in the whole Islāmic world. In Kashmīr, as in the rest of the subcontinent, Ṣūfīs made significant contributions to the propagation of Islām. The present article will examine the historical events of the medieval times, which are considered a milestone in the spread of Islām and the promotion of Islāmic civilization in Kashmīr. Moreover, the works of those Ṣūfī masters will be reviewed who have sacrificed a lot and done commendable works on the history of Kashmīr.
Balance of Payment of India: An Economic Study
Authors: Patel Arvind
Published: February 2022

The measure of a country's economic growth is its GDP. Similarly, how much it benefits from foreign trade can be reflected by the country's terms of trade and the balance of payment. India has tried to increase foreign trade and foreign investment through its policy of liberalization and globalization. This research paper examines the changes that have taken place in India's balance of payment since 1991. India's trade deficit is much longer. This means that the value of imports is higher than the export value of Indian goods. However, there is surplus in the invisible item. Which is a positive feature of the economy. Foreign exchange earnings have increased, especially through the export of software services. In addition, FDI And portfolio investment is growing. Due to which the shortage of investment in the economy can be overcome. So that the country's high growth rate (GDP) is maintained. However, long-term arrears in the capital account can prove to be risky. The high level of foreign debt is also a matter of concern. In short, the picture of the economy as a whole is very good. However, in the coming years, India will have to increase exports of new industrial items in addition to traditional exports using new technology. So as to increase industrial development and employment in the country. In addition, the bilateral trade deficit with China should be reduced by developing import substitute industries. The policy of "Development through Exports" has to be given more importance by developing export industries.

 

Abstract in Gujarati Language

કોઈપણ દેશના આર્થિક વિકાસનો માપદંડ એ તે દેશની જી.ડી.પી. વૃદ્ધિ છે. તેવી જ રીતે તેને વિદેશી વેપારથી કેટલો લાભ થાય છે તે દેશની વ્યાપારની શરતો અને લેણદેણની તુલાની સ્થિતિ દ્વારા જાણી શકાય છે. ભારતે ઉદારીકરણ અને વૈશ્વિકરણની નીતિ દ્વારા વિદેશી વ્યાપાર અને વિદેશી મૂડીરોકાણમાં વધારો કરવાનો પ્રયત્ન કર્યો છે. ૧૯૯૧ પછી ભારતની લેણદેણની તુલામાં આવેલા પરિવર્તનોનો અભ્યાસ આ સંશોધન લેખમાં કરવામાં આવ્યો છે.

ભારતની વેપાર તુલનામાં ઘણા લાંબા ગાળાથી ખાધ જોવા મળે છે. એનો એ અર્થ થાય છે કે ભારતની વસ્તુઓની નિકાસ મૂલ્ય કરતા આયાત મૂલ્યનું પ્રમાણ વધારે છે. જોકે અદ્રશ્ય બાબતોમાં પુરાત જોવા મળે છે. જે અર્થતંત્રનું હકારાત્મક લક્ષણ છે. ખાસ કરીને સોફ્ટવેર સેવાઓની નિકાસ દ્વારા વિદેશી ચલણની આવક વધી છે. ઉપરાંત એફ.ડી.આઈ. અને પોર્ટફોલિયો ઇન્વેસ્ટમેન્ટ વધતું ગયું છે. જેના કારણે અર્થતંત્રમાં મૂડીરોકાણની અછત દૂર કરી શકાય છે. જેથી દેશનો ઊંચો વિકાસ દર (GDP) જાળવી શકાયો છે. જોકે મૂડી ખાતામાં લાંબાગાળાની પુરાત જોખમી પુરવાર થઈ શકે છે. વળી વિદેશી દેવાનું ઊંચું પ્રમાણ એ પણ એક ચિંતાનો વિષય છે. ટૂંકમાં સમગ્ર અર્થતંત્રનું ચિત્ર ખૂબ જ સારું ગણાય છે. છતાં ભારતે આવનારા વર્ષોમાં નવી ટેકનોલોજીનો ઉપયોગ કરીને પરંપરાગત નિકાસ ઉપરાંત નવી ઔદ્યોગિક વસ્તુઓની નિકાસ વધારવી પડશે. જેથી દેશમાં ઔદ્યોગિક વિકાસ અને રોજગારીમાં વધારો થઇ શકે. ઉપરાંત આયાત આવેજી ઉદ્યોગોનો વિકાસ કરીને ચીન સાથેના દ્વિપક્ષીય વેપારની ખાધ પણ ઘટાડવી જોઈએ. નિકાસી ઉદ્યોગોનો વિકાસ કરીને “નિકાસ દ્વારા વિકાસ”ની નીતિને વધારે મહત્વ આપવું પડશે.
Patriotyzm, tożsamość i śmierć. Rozważania o egzystencji jednostki i wspólnoty politycznej
Authors: Rutkowski Jan
Published: February 2022

The article reflects on the existential foundations of patriotism, identity and death. The presented considerations take into account the individual and community aspects of the analyzed issues. The preservation of eidos (essence) and the adjournment of the end are the central categories of the presented analysis. The starting point for the considerations is the myth-creating aspect of the historiography of Mistrz Wincenty, which forms the foundations of self-understanding for the Polish people. Attention is paid to the renaissance of thinking referring to myths that characterizes contemporary Western culture, described by Chantal Delsol. The concept of patriotism is analyzed using the understanding of this phenomenon proposed by Alasdair MacIntyre, and there are reference to the literature as well. The considerations reveal the tension between patriotism understood as a special kind of loyalty shown towards one’s own political community and the requirements of universalist ethics, especially liberal ones. Liberal criticism of patriotism presents it as an anachronistic attitude. It is related to the modern concept of progress. The article refers to the typology of types of progress proposed by Robert Spaemann, but referring to the division of human activities created by Aristotle. The negative effects – also in the sphere of education – of treating the category of progress as an absolute, radicalized and totalized value were emphasized; not requiring justification and equated with good. The article highlights the immanent threat to the existence of individuals and communities. Jonathan Lear’s study of the decline and rebirth of a culture created by the Native American community, the Crow tribe, is analyzed.
Wiek rodziców a szkolne funkcjonowanie uczniów klasy szóstej
Authors: Dolata Roman , Murawska Barbara
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of empirical analyses of the relationship between the age of parents and the school functioning of their children from 6th grade of primary school. Previous research does not provide a clear picture of this relationship. In the case of older parents, the results more often indicate a positive prediction of school achievement, while the young age of parents rather increases the risk of problems. The analyses used the data from a large nationwide sample of sixth-grade students. Measures of cognitive functioning included Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test, standardised school achievement tests, and school grades. Social functioning was described by sociometric measures from the Student Integration Questionnaire. To minimise the risk of inaccurate causal interpretation, a rich set of control variables was included in the analyses, including measures of family SES. A MANOVA model with covariates was applied. Standard errors were calculated using the bootstrap method with data grouping (schools) included. The results did not support the hypothesis that older parental age promotes higher school achievement. It can also be stated with high confidence that young parental age is not a significant risk factor for a child’s intellectual functioning in school. The second hypothesis, that young parental age is a risk factor for a child’s social functioning at school, was not confirmed. In contrast, a slightly higher risk of peer rejection was found for students of older parents. Careful statistical control of the variables and a representative large sample allows us to have high confidence in the results obtained. The results support strong recommendation for teachers and educators: either young or advanced age of a student’s parents cannot be treated as a significant educational risk factor.
Can Visual Function Be Affected by an Open Foramen Ovale?
Authors: Výborný Petr , Čmelo Jozef
Published: February 2022

The authors present a relatively rare finding of pathological changes in the visual field, the emergence of homonymous hemianopia, in connection with trauma and paradoxical embolism in a subsequently diagnosed open foramen ovale in a 56-year-old otherwise healthy patient. Cardiac source of embolism is a significant etiology of vascular embolization.
The important group is the so-called paradoxical embolism, which occurs when a blood clot (embolus) is carried from the venous side of circulation to the arterial side via foramen ovale patens, what can manifests as ischemic stroke. Foramen ovale patens becomes a risk factor for the stroke development only if there is a peripheral source of embolism and at the same time there is a hemodynamically significant right-left short circuit. Therefore, screening for the causes of cryptogenic stroke should include not only the detection of foramen ovale patens but also evaluation of the peripheral venous system, coagulation parameters and hemodynamic severity of a right-left shunt. Neuroophthalmological aspects related to the described issues are discussed.
POLITICAL MYTHS USED TO DELEGITIMISE GAMBLING IN UKRAINE
Authors: Zakrevskaya V.
Published: February 2022

The process of gambling market legalization in Ukraine following more than eleven years of statutory ban on the organization of all types of gambling, except for lotteries, encounters opposition from both the shadow economy and politicians and officials, who, in addition to objective reasons for their interest in this political issue, may be involved in the rent-seeking behaviour due to the existing status quo. Now that the Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation of Activities in the Organization and Conduct of Gambling” adopted in July and effective from 13 August 2020 has defined the general framework of the regulatory model equating all gambling types and obliging operators to obtain relevant licenses, the leverage over the market ended up in the hands of the National Regulator (CRGL). Therefore, the state budget began to receive revenue from the gambling market, avoiding corruption flows. That is one of the reasons the emerging gambling market faced quite serious resistance at a number of levels, from the Parliament to local governments which, lacking access to hard cash, collect reputational bonuses from the exploitation of populist slogans to ban the organization and conduct of gambling in their jurisdictions despite the specialized Law. In order to deflate such opposition, joint efforts of both the legislative (at the level of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine) and executive power (represented by law enforcement agencies and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine), as well as industry associations uniting legal operators are needed. In turn, public policy on gambling requires significant adaptation and reform in order to come as close as possible to the country’s present-day realities, as well as increase the level of compliance with international practice. For better understanding and planning of adaptation and reform, the examination of both the market and the changes taking place therein, including sociological studies enabling more adequate public and regional policies on gambling, is required.
NANOENERGY AND NANOTECHNOLOGY OF THE NEW TECHNOLOGICAL PARADIGMSAVING HUMANITY FROM POISONING THE PLANET EARTH.
Authors: Kulakov A.
Published: February 2022

When using existing industrial technologies, a very high price of energy resources remains, due to their imperfection and the need to heat almost all fixed assets, as well as a lack of resources to restore the disturbed balance between the biosphere and the technosphere, caused by the lack of highly efficient cycle technologies: mining, production of useful products from them, rational use of these products and, finally, its utilization. Of what is extracted from the land, 95% goes either to intermediate consumption or buried. The world is in a state where the environmental damage of technology has exceeded the capabilities of the Earth. With the preservation of existing industrial technologies, resources in the world are becoming less and less, humanity has nothing to pay for cleaning and restoring the environment. Only new technologies and new resources will save humanity from collapse. The solution lies in finding a new alternative, renewable, harmless and sustainable source of energy, the very use of which is an industry for the processing and destruction of created waste - recycling, comparable in volume with the entire transport and energy complex. In this case, it is possible to stabilize the world at the current level of consumption and implement the idea of sustainable development. 

This article, based on the results of fifty years of work of author on development of breakthrough energy technologies in theory and practice of a non-ideal, close to non- degenerate plasma, started with PhD in Physics & Mathematics A.A. Rumiantsev who, unfortunately, passed away in 1990. Author predicted and confirmed the existence of a fundamentally new state of physical matter - quantum plasma nanocondensate - liquefied plasma, combining the properties inherent in standard liquid and ionized plasma - a fundamentally new, effective, and harmless energy source, the use of which helps reduce the pollution caused by waste. Purification of planet Earth, which has been contaminated to the limit, in some areas of which gas contamination, slagging, and municipal waste exceed all permissible norms, will lead to a boost in the immune system of the population, which will make it possible for humans to exist safely.
Syngeneic murine glioblastoma models: reactionary immune changes and immunotherapy intervention outcomes
Authors: Letchuman Vijay , Ampie Leonel , Shah Ashish H. , Brown Desmond A. , Heiss John D. , Chittiboina Prashant
Published: February 2022

Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain neoplasm with dismal 10-year survival rates of < 1%. Despite promising preliminary results from several novel therapeutic agents, clinical responses have been modest due to several factors, including tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and treatment resistance. Novel immunotherapeutics have been developed to reverse tumor-induced immunosuppression in patients with glioblastomas. In order to recapitulate the tumor microenvironment, reliable in vivo syngeneic murine models are critical for the development of new targeted agents as these models demonstrate rapid tumor induction and reliable tumor growth over multiple generations. Despite the clear advantages of murine models, choosing an appropriate model from an immunological perspective can be difficult and have significant ramifications on the translatability of the results from murine to human trials. Herein, the authors reviewed the 4 most commonly used immunocompetent syngeneic murine glioma models (GL261 [C57BL/6], SB28 [C57BL/6], CT-2A [C57BL/6], and SMA-560 [VM/Dk]) and compared their strengths and weaknesses from an immunological standpoint.
HOMOSEXUALITY AND SELF-IMPOSED EXILE IN THE SONG OF EVERLASTING SORROW
Authors: 王艾青 Aiqing Wang
Published: February 2022

In this paper, I hermeneutically scrutinise a 1995 award-winning masterpiece The Song of Everlasting Sorrow and investigate its homosexual motif that lacks sufficient critical analysis. The author Wang Anyi features emotional and erotic entanglements between an archetypal yet extraordinary Shanghai woman Wang Qiyao and an array of male characters. I propound that apart from the protagonist’s unceasing melancholia, as illuminated by the title, the narrative also concerns lifelong dolorousness of two female supporting characters, viz. Wu Peizhen and Jiang Lili, both of whom establish bonds with Qiyao at puberty. I postulate that analogous to schoolgirls depicted by Ailing Zhang, Peizhen and Lili demonstrate same-sex adoration of Qiyao, yet disparate from spurious, proto- or quasi-homosexuality portrayed in Zhang’s writing, their zealousness and loyalty to Qiyao are not fugacious. Moreover, Peizhen’s perpetual animation is also inextricably intertwined with acrimony triggered by her failed pursuit of heterosexual romance with Qiyao’s committed admirer, leading to Peizhen’s unremitting self-mutilation and self-banishment.
FALSE HERMAPHRODITE IN P. B. SHELLEY'S ALASTOR, OR THE SPIRIT OF SOLITUDE
Authors: Datli Beigi Roohollah , Abbasi Pyeaam , Jannessari Ladani Zahra
Published: February 2022

Defined as the union of the most striking opposites and associated with Platonic perfection, the term hermaphrodite has a fondness for elevated places. The constellation of the hermaphrodite through the union of the male subject and the female object is a recurrent motif in Percy Bysshe Shelley's poems. Such a hermaphrodite in Shelley's repository usually leads to a sort of Platonic perfection in a paradisiacal realm or Elysium. The hermaphrodite in Shelley's Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude, though constellated, does not lead to such a Platonic perfection but a purgatorial state for the visionary Poet as the Shelleyan hero. Focusing on the first part of the poem and using the concept of the hermaphrodite, this article strives to bring under scrutiny the destruction of Shelley's hero and his fall into the depth of a purgatorial state when the hermaphrodite is broken apart leading to the release of its either aggressive male or poisonous female energies which results in the transformation of the hero to a worm-like phallus at the end of the poem.
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF RADIOTHERAPY FOR MANAGEMENT OF SOFT TISSUE AND BONE SARCONAS?
Authors: Sharabura T.M.
Published: February 2022

Radiation therapy is a treatment approach in soft tissue and bone sarcomas, and it is usually used in a combination with surgical treatment. High local control is a problem that remains relevant, as well as reducing the treatment toxicity. Modern technologies such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy, stereotactic radiation therapy, and hadron therapy have expanded the use of radiation therapy in the treatment primary and metastatic sarcomas. The effectiveness of radiation therapy can be enhanced in combination with chemotherapy and targeted therapy. The future is in a personalized approach based on the assessment not only the tumor parameters and the patient condition but also individual radiosensitivity. This review defines the role of radiation therapy soft tissue and bone sarcomas
La narración como herramienta didáctica de creación publicitaria
Authors: De Miguel Zamora Marta
Published: February 2022

La narración o storytelling se consolida como uno de los pilares creativos y estratégicos de la Publicidad. Sin embargo, en las titulaciones oficiales de Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas escasean las materias obligatorias o troncales enfocadas al aprendizaje de la Narrativa como disciplina creadora. Con el fin de dotar al alumnado de habilidades narrativas y creativas para su posterior ejercicio profesional, se ha procedido a elaborar una innovación docente que integra técnicas narrativas como recurso didáctico para la asignatura Creatividad publicitaria. La innovación se plantea como una investigación-acción que parte de un contexto base auditado y a partir del cual se ha diseñado, implementado y evaluado un método de aprendizaje basado en problemas que utiliza técnicas narrativas como herramienta didáctica y creadora. El modelo docente, dividido en fases estratégicas, cumple con las etapas de las que consta el proceso de producción publicitaria, de manera que el alumnado experimenta en el aula las funciones de los diferentes roles y perfiles profesionales de una agencia de publicidad. Además, el estudiante asume la responsabilidad tanto del proyecto como de su propio aprendizaje y obtiene como recurso básico un método procedimentado de creación que puede serle de utilidad una vez se incorpore al ejercicio profesional.
Simulating Work-Family Conflict Impact on Performance among Language Teachers: System Dynamics Modelling
Authors: Mohammadi Moloud , Amini Faskhodi Arefe
Published: February 2022

The subject of education has always been considered throughout history, and in the heart of education, a teacher has always been recognized as one of the most determinant and influential members. Many researchers have tried to pay attention to teachers and identify their personal and professional needs. This disquisition was designed and carried out to model the impact of job-family conflict factors on teachers’ performance, specifically in today’s global context where the role and responsibility of teachers is recognized as being more prominent than ever before. According to Young (2019), this conflict affects teachers’ performance and their satisfaction with the profession. The conflict between the job demands and requirements and individual’s roles in the family account for such polarization. The aim of our study was consequently to specify factors causing such conflict among 73 English teachers, to recognize their relationships, and to determine how they affected English teachers’ performance using system dynamics modelling and simulation technique. The sensitivity analysis performed in this study revealed that over a sixty-eight-month period, while teachers’ job burnout and job pressure increased exponentially, their job satisfaction followed an overshoot-and-collapse manner of behaviour. Moreover, during this period, their job performance decreased in a goal-seeking manner.
Marktwirtschaftsmodelle und öffentliche Beschäftigungsregimes in der OECD
Authors: Tepe Markus , Gottschall Karin , Kittel Bernhard
Published: February 2022

Der Beitrag untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen öffentlicher Beschäftigung und der Ausprägung des Markwirtschaftmodells in 21 OECD-Staaten. Auf Basis der Ergebnisse einer multiplen Korrespondenzanalyse können drei distinkte Regime öffentlicher Beschäftigung identifiziert werden; ein liberales, ein gemischtes und ein legalistisches. Die Regimebildung weist, insbesondere im Hinblick auf den Lohnfindungsprozess und das Lohnverhandlungssystem, ein hohes Maß an institutioneller Kongruenz mit dem jeweiligen Marktwirtschaftmodell auf. Dies wird als Indiz gewertet, dass sich die Verwaltungsmodernisierung beim Rückgriff auf privatwirtschaftliche Instrumente am bestehenden Marktwirtschaftmodell ausrichtet.
A Scientific Mind Embraces Medicine: Donald Lindberg’s Education and Early Career
Authors: Kingsland III Lawrence C. , Kulikowski Casimir A.
Published: February 2022

As a young pathologist, Donald A.B. Lindberg, M.D., tirelessly sought scientific solutions to clinical and research problems. Directing several clinical laboratories at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Dr. Lindberg developed the world’s first computerized laboratory information system, speeding analysis and reporting. He directed his team in building computer systems to help clinicians retrieve medical knowledge, enable patients to find information about personal or family health issues, and provide expert automated assistance to physicians in reaching differential diagnoses outside their specialties. Developing superior functionalities with the limited information technologies of the time, Dr. Lindberg’s pioneering work in Columbia foreshadowed his subsequent inspired leadership as Director of the United States National Library of Medicine.
The Biomedical Informatics Short Course at Woods Hole/Georgia: Training to Support Institutional Change
Authors: Cimino James J.
Published: February 2022

The U.S. National Library of Medicine’s Biomedical Informatics Short Course ran from 1992 to 2017, most of that time at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Its intention was to provide physicians, medical librarians and others engaged in health care with a basic understanding of the major topics in informatics so that they could return to their home institutions as “change agents”. Over the years, the course provided week-long, intense, morning-to-night experiences for some 1,350 students, consisting of lectures and hands-on project development, taught by many luminaries in the field, not the least of which was Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D., who spoke on topics ranging from bioinformatics to national policy.
NLM’s Sponsorship of Research in Biomedical Informatics (1985–2016)
Authors: Kuo Tsung-Ting , Ohno-Machado Lucila
Published: February 2022

The U.S. National Library of Medicine’s (NLM) funding for biomedical informatics research in the 1980s and 1990s focused on clinical decision support systems, which were also the focus of research for Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D. prior to becoming NLM’s director. The portfolio of projects expanded over the years. At NLM, Dr. Lindberg supported various large infrastructure programs that enabled biomedical informatics research, as well as investigator-initiated research projects that increasingly included biotechnology/bioinformatics and health services research. The authors review NLM’s sponsorship of research during Dr. Lindberg’s tenure as its Director. NLM’s funding significantly increased in the 2000’s and beyond. Authors report an analysis of R01 topics from 1985–2016 using data from NIH RePORTER. Dr. Lindberg’s legacy for biomedical informatics research is reflected by the research NLM supported under his leadership. The number of R01s remained steady over the years, but the funds provided within awards increased over time. A significant amount of NLM funds listed in RePORTER went into various types of infrastructure projects that laid a solid foundation for biomedical informatics research over multiple decades.
The U.S. National Library of Medicine’s Impact on Precision and Genomic Medicine
Authors: Mo Huan , Denny Joshua C.
Published: February 2022

Precision medicine offers the potential to improve health through deeper understandings of the lifestyle, biological, and environmental influences on health. Under Dr. Donald A.B. Lindberg’s leadership, the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) has developed the central reference resources for biomedical research and molecular laboratory medicine that enable precision medicine. The hosting and curation of biomedical knowledge repositories and data by NLM enable quality information reachable for providers and researchers throughout the world. NLM has been supporting the innovation of electronic health record systems to implement computability and secondary use for biomedical research, producing the scale of linked health and molecular datasets necessary for precision medicine discovery.
Something New and Different: The Unified Medical Language System
Authors: Humphreys Betsy L. , Tuttle Mark S.
Published: February 2022

Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D. arrived at the U.S. National Library of Medicine in 1984 and quickly launched the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) research and development project to help computer understand biomedical meaning and to enable retrieval and integration of information from disparate electronic sources, e.g., patient records, biomedical literature, knowledge bases. This chapter focuses on how Lindberg’s thinking, preferred ways of working, and decision-making guided UMLS goals and development and on what made the UMLS markedly “new and different” and ahead of its time.
Don Lindberg, High Performance Computing and Communications, and Telemedicine
Authors: Ackerman Michael J. , Howe Sally E. , Masys Daniel R.
Published: February 2022

From 1992 to 1995 Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D. served concurrently as the founding director of the National Coordination Office (NCO) for High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) and NLM director. The NCO and its successors coordinate the Presidential-level multi-agency HPCC research and development (R&D) program called for in the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991. All large Federal science and technology R&D and applications agencies, including those involved in medical research and health care, participate in the now-30-year-old program. Lindberg’s HPCC efforts built on his pioneering work in developing and applying advances in computing and networking to meet the needs of the medical research and health care communities. As part of NLM’s participation in HPCC, Lindberg promoted R&D and demonstrations in telemedicine, including testbeds, medical data privacy, medical decision-making, and health education. That telemedicine technologies were ready to meet demand during the COVID-19 pandemic is testament to Lindberg’s visionary leadership.
Free MEDLINE Access Worldwide
Authors: Smith Kent A.
Published: February 2022

When Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D. was sworn in as Director of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) in 1984, MEDLINE, NLM’s online database of citations and abstracts to biomedical journal articles, was searched primarily by librarians trained to use its command language interface. There were fees for searching, primarily to recover the cost of using commercial value-added telecommunications networks. Thirteen years later, in 1997, MEDLINE became free to anyone with an Internet connection and a Web browser. This chapter provides an insider’s view of how Dr. Lindberg’s vision and leadership – combined with new technology, astute handling of policy issues, and key help from political supporters and influential advocates – enabled a tremendous expansion in access to biomedical and health information for scientists, health professionals, patients, and the public.
Environmental Health Information Partnership (EnHIP): Strengthening the Capacity of Minority Serving Institutions
Authors: Dutcher Gale A. , Scott John C.
Published: February 2022

The U.S. National Library of Medicine’s (NLM) Environmental Health Information Partnership (EnHIP) collaborates with Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and other minority-serving academic institutions to enhance their capacity to reduce health disparities through the access, use, and delivery of environmental health information on their campuses and in their communities. The partnership began in 1991 as the Toxicology Information Outreach Panel (TIOP) pilot project, and through successive iterations it is NLM’s longest running outreach activity. EnHIP’s continued relevance today as an information outreach and training program testifies to the prescience of NLM director, Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D’s initial support for the program. Dr. Lindberg’s seeing to its continued success to benefit participating institutions and help achieve the societal goals of environmental justice serve as well to benefit NLM by increasing its visibility, and use of its resources in the classroom, for research, and in community outreach. NLM envisions an expanding role for EnHIP in advancing health equity as the impact of environmental exposure, climate change, and increasing zoonotic diseases disproportionately impact their communities
Mentoring in Medicine (MIM): Motivating and Enabling Disadvantaged Youth to Become the Next Generation of Minority Health Professionals
Authors: Holden Lynne M.
Published: February 2022

Mentoring in Medicine, Inc (MIM) is a nonprofit health and science youth development organization based in the Bronx, NY. Founded in 2006 by three physicians and an engineer-trained entrepreneur, MIM’s organizational goal is to expose socioeconomically disadvantaged students to the wide variety of health and science careers and to increase the health literacy of their communities. It is aligned with the outreach mission of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) whose former Director, Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D., fostered an enduring relationship. Technical assistance, evaluation, and financial support provided under his leadership helped MIM to become a nationally recognized organization leading the field to diversify health careers and to increase health literacy in often hard to reach populations. Through live and virtual programming, MIM has impacted nearly 58,000 students, parents, and educators in urban epicenters in the U.S. The MIM Team has helped 503 students who were discouraged to build a competitive application and matriculate in health professional school. MIM has 88 press features highlighting its work in the community.
Don Lindberg: A Photographic Legacy
Authors: Logan Robert A. , Lindberg Mary M.
Published: February 2022

Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D. was an enthusiastic photographer. This chapter presents five photographs that had special meaning to him. They are accompanied by five pictures taken of him by other photographers. The captions explain a little about each image.
A historical method approach to teaching Kepler’s 2nd law
Authors: Lyra Wladimir
Published: February 2022

Kepler’s 2nd law, the law of the areas, is usually taught in passing, between the 1st and the 3rd laws, to be explained “later on” as a consequence of angular momentum conservation. The 1st and 3rd laws receive the bulk of attention; the 1st law because of the paradigm-shift significance in overhauling the previous circular models with epicycles of both Ptolemy and Copernicus, the 3rd because of its convenience to the standard curriculum in having a simple mathematical statement that allows for quantitative homework assignments and exams. In this work I advance a method for teaching the 2nd law that combines the paradigm-shift significance of the 1st and the mathematical proclivity of the 3rd. The approach is rooted in the historical method, indeed, placed in its historical context, Kepler’s 2nd is as revolutionary as the 1st: as the 1st law does away with the epicycle, the 2nd law does away with the equant. This way of teaching the 2nd law also formulates the “time=area” statement quantitatively, in the way of Kepler’s equation, M = E – e sin E, (relating mean anomaly M, eccentric anomaly E, and eccentricity e), where the left-hand side is time and the right-hand side is area. In doing so, it naturally paves the way to finishing the module with an active learning computational exercise, for instance, to calculate the timing and location of Mars’ next opposition. This method is partially based on Kepler’s original thought, and should thus best be applied to research-oriented students, such as junior and senior physics/astronomy undergraduates, or graduate students.
Resource guides for astronomy educators and their students
Authors: Fraknoi Andrew
Published: February 2022

This is a brief review of my long-term project to create annotated resource guides for astronomy educators and their students. The college-level guides focus on a range of astronomical topics, such as “Women in Astronomy,” “Science Fiction and Astronomy,” “Black Lives in Astronomy,” “Music Inspired by Astronomy,” “Light Pollution, Radio Interference, and Satellite Swarms,” etc.   Their aim is to bring together pointers to a range of reliable and interesting materials for instruction, discussion, or student projects in one convenient and easy-to-find place
"En él vivimos, nos movemos y existimos. Reflexiones panenteístas sobre la presencia de Dios en el mundo tal como lo describe la ciencia" (Recensión)
Authors: Sequeiros Leandro
Published: February 2022

Recensión de la obra de: PHILIP CLAYTON y ARTHUR PEACOCKE (EDITORES) En él vivimos, nos movemos y existimos. Reflexiones panenteístas sobre la presencia de Dios en el mundo tal como lo describe la ciencia. Sal Terrae, Santander, 2021, Universidad P Comillas Colección Ciencia y Religión, número 27, 332 páginas. ISBN: 978–84–293–3033–5. (Traducción del original en inglés de 2004 por José Manuel Lozano–Gotor), 332 páginas. ISBN: 978–84–293–3033–5.
Misión Científica del Satélite Morazán: Integración regional a través de la cooperación espacial para el monitoreo del riesgo hidrometeorológico en cuencas hidrográficas centroamericanas
Authors: Araya–Castro Ana María , Gutiérrez–González Daniel , Campos–Robles Tracy , Molina Montero María José , Mejuto Javier , Sierra Pac Oliver
Published: February 2022

Este trabajo aborda el diseño metodológico de la Misión Científica del Proyecto Morazán, el cual busca poner en órbita el primer satélite colaborativo de la región centroamericana. A través del caso de estudio de la cuenca piloto del río Matina (Costa Rica), se explica el proceso geoestadístico para la creación de un Índice de Riesgo de Inundación, así como la elaboración de productos cartográficos que orienten la selección de comunidades prioritarias a monitorear y la identificación de zonas estratégicas para colocar sensores en campo. Dicha metodología será replicada en la cuenca del río Ulúa (Honduras) y en la cuenca del río Samalá (Guatemala). El satélite Morazán representa una prueba de concepto innovadora por su doble propósito en materia de transmisión de datos y como sistema de comunicación en situaciones de emergencia. Así, de cara al bicentenario, el Proyecto Morazán busca fomentar la integración regional a través de la cooperación científica.
El vínculo con elhogar familiar en el segundo decenio del siglo XXI. Posibles diferencias de apego entre jóvenes creyentes y no creyentes
Authors: Aznar Sala Javier
Published: February 2022

El desigual proceso religioso que se está dando entre la misma juventud española en el siglo XXI, permite que establezcamos unas pautas para comprender mejor posibles diferencias entre jóvenes creyentes y no creyentes en un tema tan sensible como la emancipación del hogar. La juventud es cada vez menos sensible a cuestiones trascendentes, pero todavía quedan franjas juveniles que afirman sentirse vinculadas al hecho religioso. Nuestro trabajo busca, por medio de la entrevista de estas bases poblaciones, hallar posibles diferencias entre unos y otros. La juventud habita un mismo escenario público y son hijos de una misma generación, por lo que encontrar distinciones entre ellos puede resultar interesante para la ciencia social.
M2+(Ni, Cu, Zn)/Al-LDH Composites with Hydrochar from Rambutan Peel and Study the Adsorption Efficiency for Organic Dyes
Authors:   Graduate School of Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Palembang-South Sumatera, Indonesia, Mohadi Risfidian , Normah Normah ,   Magister Programme Graduate School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Palembang-South  Sumatera, Indonesia, Palapa Neza Rahayu ,   Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Palembang-South Sumatera, Indonesia, Lesbani Aldes ,   Graduate School of Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Palembang-South Sumatera, Indonesia
Published: February 2022

Ni/Al LDH, Cu/Al LDH, and Zn/Al LDH were composed with rambutan peel hydrochar (Hc) and the materials were applied as adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution, measured using UV-Vis Spectrophotometric method. The preparation of the LDH-Hc composites were proven by XRD, FT-IR, and SEM analysis which showed similar characteristics of the LDH-Hc composites with pure LDH and hydrochar. The methylene blue removal efficiency was optimized by various parameters including adsorption selectivity, adsorption regeneration, pH, contact time, adsorption concentration, and temperature. The adsorption study analysis proved that LDH composited with rambutan peel hydrochar had a selective ability for methylene blue. Zn/Al-hydrochar had the most stable adsorption regeneration ability and adsorbed MB easily after seven regeneration cycles using water solvents and ultrasonic devices. Ni/Al-hydrochar and Cu/Al-hydrochar were effective up to five regeneration cycles for MB removal. The adsorption results showed that the optimal pH for MB adsorption was at pH 6 with an equilibrium adsorption contact time of 100 min and a tendency to follow the pseudo second order kinetic model. Parameter data of concentration and temperature of adsorption was determined using Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The results showed that the adsorption matched the Freundlich isotherm model with the adsorption capacity (qm) of Ni/Al-Hc, Cu/Al-Hc, and Zn/Al-Hc adsorbents reaching 144.928, 175.439, 217.391 mg/g, respectively, with the adsorption process taking place continuously, spontaneously, and endothermically.
Rehabilitation of the Breached Tooth, Fragment– A Minimal Invasive Cosmetic Approach: An Original Case Series
Authors: Solomon Raji Viola , Reddy Chavva Lakshmi Charan , Rangareddy M.S. , Wahed MD. Abdul , Lohitha Parasa
Published: February 2022

Tooth fractures are often reported as emergencies in dental practice. Coronal fractures of the anterior teeth are a prevalent cause of dental trauma in children and teenagers. It's a tragic situation that necessitates prompt care and quick functional and esthetic repair. The clinician's main difficulty when dealing with these types of dental injuries is to re-establish the natural esthetics of the traumatized anterior tooth. There are several therapeutic options for this condition, one of which is reattachment of the fractured component itself. Because of its simplicity, natural esthetics, and preservation of tooth structure, reattachment of a tooth fragment should be the first choice and a feasible alternative to conventional approaches. For a successful prognosis, the patient's cooperation and comprehension of the treatment's limitations is essential. This paper presents a report of two clinical cases on managing complicated crown fractures, where the restoration of the fractured anterior teeth using the residual tooth fragment was supported by fiber post system.

Keywords: Complicated Crown Fracture, Fiber post, Fractured Tooth Fragment, Internal grooving.
Az Európai Unió (szabályozási) útja a szuverenitás felé az adatalapú gazdaságban
Authors: Tóth András
Published: February 2022

Az Európai Unió (EU) célja a digitális korban is az, hogy megőrizze értékeit, ezért a digitális kor kihívásainak megválaszolásakor is a saját útját kívánja járni. Az EU a digitális szuverenitás elérése egyik fő eszközének (a technológiai befektetések ösztönzése és támogatása mellett) az értékei mentén működő szabályozást választotta. Lévén a digitális kor szabályozásának fő innovátora a világban, az EU egyik fő stratégiai kérdése a 21. században, hogy miként tudja visszaszerezni a kontrollt adatvagyona felett, csökkentve az adatok elvesztéséhez vezető technológiai kiszolgáltatottságot. Ennek kapcsán megállapítható, hogy az ebben a körben született eddigi EU-s kezdeményezések a zéróáras üzleti modellel megvalósuló adatelszívást nem szorítanák keretek közé, emiatt viszont nem látszik, hogy az EU kitettsége ezen a téren csökkenne.
Európai identitás
Authors: Martonyi János
Published: February 2022

Az európai integrációs folyamat kulturális dimenziója jelentősen le van maradva az integráció másik két dimenziója, az előrehaladott és sikeres gazdasági integráció és a mérsékelt szintű politikai integráció mögött. Az egyéni és közösségi identitás fogalmának elemzése után az írás arra a következtetésre jut, hogy a kollektív identitások legerősebb, elsődleges formája a nemzeti identitás. Az európai identitás ehhez képest másodlagos, de szintén történelmi örökségre épül, mindenekelőtt a zsidó kulturális hagyományban gyökerező kereszténységre, az antik kultúrára és a római jogra. További érdekes kérdés, hogy van-e az európai identitásnak egy közép-európai változata, és ha igen, melyek Európa ezen részének a történelem formálta sajátosságai. E történelmet az agresszív külső hatalmak elleni védekező háborúk jellemezték, ez eredményezte a kereszténység és a nemzeti identitás közötti szoros kapcsolatot és az Európához való erős kötődést. A kontinens kulturális örökségének, a Geschichtsraumnak, a Kulturraumnak és a Wertegemeinschaftnak az elismerése és megerősítése elengedhetetlen feltétele az európai integrációs folyamat sikeres folytatásának.