bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of collaborative housing initiatives in public value co-creation – a case study of Freiburg, Germany
Authors: Dang Lisa , Seemann Ann-Kathrin
Published: March 2020

This article reviews the role of collaborative housing initiatives in public value co-creation. Collaborative housing initiatives have emerged in response to the growing need for affordable housing and stable neighbourhood networks against the background of shifts in social values, a mobilised society, and austerity measures on the part of the welfare state. This study focuses on investigating citizens’ motives to participate in a collaborative housing initiative and their role in public value co-creation. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected between December 2017 and March 2018 using a mixed-methods approach and analysed. The findings reveal that dimensions related to social sustainability – such as civic engagement, inclusion and integration, and diversity and social mix – enhance people’s attitude towards collaborative housing projects. Practical implications and avenues for future research are discussed.
Surface plasmon dispersion engineering for optimizing scattering, emission, and radiation properties on a graphene spherical device
Authors: Gingins Marcelo , Cuevas Mauro , Depine Ricardo
Published: March 2020

We present a dispersion engineering method based on the rigorous electromagnetic theory to study the scattering properties of a double graphene layer spherical structure. The localized surface plasmons (LSPs) supported by the structure provide resonance channels that lead to an enhancement of the electromagnetic cross section. The method is used to find conditions under which two different multipolar LSP resonances occur at the same frequency value. The superscattering feature under these conditions is revealed by an extraordinary enhancement of the scattering cross section when the structure is illuminated by a plane wave field. Moreover, by studying the behavior of a single emitter localized near the graphene sphere, we show that the spontaneous emission and radiation efficiencies are also largely enhanced when the two different LSP resonances overlap.
Crosstalk reduction for multi-channel optical phase metrology
Authors: Sibley Paul G. , Ward Robert L. , Roberts Lyle E. , Francis Samuel P. , Shaddock Daniel A.
Published: March 2020

Digitally enhanced heterodyne interferometry (DEHI) combines the sub-wavelength displacement measurements of conventional laser interferometry with the multiplexing capabilities of spread-spectrum modulation techniques to discriminate between multiple electric fields at a single photodetector. Technologies that benefit from DEHI include optical phased arrays, which require the simultaneous phase measurement of a large number of electric fields. A consequence of measuring the phase of multiple electric fields is the introduction of crosstalk, which can degrade measurement precision. This work analytically and experimentally investigates the crosstalk when using DEHI to measure the phase of an arbitrarily large number of electric fields at a single photodetector. Also considered is the practical limit the dynamic range of the photodetector and shot noise imposes on the number of electric fields that can be discriminated. We describe how to minimize crosstalk by design. Experimental results demonstrate up to 55 dB suppression of crosstalk between two electric fields with a phase measurement bandwidth of 20 kHz and 1-10 pm

/

Hz

displacement sensitivity for audio frequencies. Additionally, we demonstrate scaling of crosstalk proportional to the square-root of the number of electric fields when using an M-sequence modulation. Based on this analysis, we estimate that digitally enhanced heterodyne interferometry should be capable of measuring the phase of several hundreds of electric fields at a single photodetector while maintaining the same measurement bandwidth.
Generation of novel partially coherent truncated Airy beams via Fourier phase processing
Authors: Liu Xin , Xia Dening , Monfared Yashar E. , Liang Chunhao , Wang Fei , Cai Yangjian , Ma Pujuan
Published: March 2020

We propose theoretically and numerically, for the first time, the generation of novel partially coherent truncated Airy beams (NPCTABs) with Airy-like distributions for both intensity and degree of coherence via Fourier phase processing. We demonstrate a clear link between the magnitude and frequency of intensity and degree of coherence distributions oscillations of generated beams, and the source coherence and the phase screen parameter. Thus, the source coherence and phase can serve as convenient parameters to control the intensity and degree of the coherence of NPCTABs. Furthermore, we discover that NPCTABs are more stable than the fully coherent truncated Airy beams (FCTABs) during their propagation in free space and can maintain their Airy-like profile for an extended propagation distance. The interesting and tunable characteristics of these novel beams may find applications in particle trapping, phase retrieval, and optical imaging.
Reduction in generalized conductance with increasing gain in amplifying Anderson-localized systems
Authors: Joshi Krishna , Mondal Sandip , Kumar Randhir , Mujumdar Sushil
Published: March 2020

The consequences of a nonconservative environment on the transport of photons under conditions of Anderson localization in a disordered system are a topic of great interest. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the systematic decrease in the localization length of a quasi-one-dimensional localizing system when gain is added to it. We quantify the generalized conductance of the system using the variance of the fluctuations in the localized eigenfunctions and show a decrease in conductance with gain. We theoretically model this system using a combination of transfer matrix calculations and rate equations for a two-level lasing system and find very good qualitative agreement with the experimental results. We show that the generalized conductance in higher disorder can be emulated in weak disorder using the appropriate gain. The decreasing conductance is explained using the reduced probability of outcoupling of photons relative to their peak position within the system.
Exciton photoluminescence of CsPbBr3@SiO2 quantum dots and its application as a phosphor material in light-emitting devices
Authors: Zhang Canran , Zhang Hongxiang , Wang Ru , You Daotong , Wang Wei , Xu Chunxiang , Dai Jun
Published: March 2020

In this report, we mainly investigate the optical property differences between CsPbBr3@SiO2 quantum dots (QDs) and CsPbBr3 QDs. The photoluminescence demonstrates that CsPbBr3@SiO2 QDs and CsPbBr3 QDs have similar exciton binding energy. Both CsPbBr3 and CsPbBr3@SiO2 QDs present optical bandgaps and photoluminescence (PL) linewidth broadening as the temperature increases from 10 K to room temperature, which is attributed to the thermal expansion and electron-phonon coupling. The fitting results show that CsPbBr3 and CsPbBr3@SiO2 QDs have the similar bandgap thermal expansion coefficient, but the CsPbBr3@SiO2 QDs have weaker electron-phonon interaction. Temperature-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) demonstrates that the PL lifetime increases with the temperature and CsPbBr3@SiO2 QDs have longer PL lifetime than CsPbBr3 QDs after 110 K. In addition, the CsPbBr3@SiO2 QDs integrated on the blue light-emitting diode chip as green phosphor material show better thermal stability in ambient air.
Highly luminescent and stable lead-free cesium copper halide perovskite powders for UV-pumped phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes
Authors: Xie Lingling , Chen Bingkun , Zhang Fa , Zhao Ziheng , Wang Xinxin , Shi Lijie , Liu Yue , Huang Lingling , Liu Ruibin , Zou Bingsuo , Wang Yongtian
Published: March 2020

Lead halide perovskites have drawn extensive attention over recent decades owing to their outstanding photoelectric performances. However, their toxicity and instability are big issues that need to be solved for further commercialization. Herein, we adopt a facile dry ball milling method to synthesize lead-free

Cs

3

Cu

2

X

5

(

X
=
I

, Cl) perovskites with photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield up to 60%. The optical features including broad emission spectrum, large Stokes shift, and long PL lifetime can be attributed to self-trapped exciton recombination. The as-synthesized blue emissive

Cs
3

Cu
2

I
5

and green emissive

Cs
3

Cu
2

Cl
5

lead-free perovskite powders have good thermal stability and photostability. Furthermore, UV-pumped phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes were obtained by using

Cs
3

Cu
2

I
5

and

Cs
3

Cu
2

Cl
5

as phosphors.
Szabó Dezső korszerűsége és korszerűtlenségei
Authors: Bognár Bulcsu
Published: March 2020

The paper interprets the oeuvre of Dezsõ Szabó from the perspective of sociology of knowledge. It deals with the question how his point of view reflects the stream of theory of his age and his own social position that determined his intellectual awakening and worldvision. Besides, the paper copes with the question what kind of ideological positions open the social effects – as determinism of the structure of thinking – for the interpreters of the age. Furthermore, the paper deals with the question what are the main characteristics of the historical and sociological constructions of Dezsõ Szabó and what makes him the most considerable publicist of the period between the two world war in Hungary.
As potencialidades da educação popular na construção curricular da formação em nutrição
Authors: Lisbôa Célia Maria Patriarca , Costa Rute Ramos da Silva , Fonseca Alexandre Brasil Carvalho da
Published: March 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo abordar como os princípios da Educação Popular contribuem para a construção do currículo do curso de Nutrição de uma instituição pública federal, que passou pelo processo de interiorização universitária. Especialmente quatro disciplinas elegeram os princípios da Pedagogia Freiriana como referência teórico-metodológica para apresentar e discutir conteúdos referentes à segurança alimentar e nutricional e à humanização no âmbito da saúde, visando ao enfrentamento das distintas desigualdades que ocorrem no município de Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. Consideramos que o processo de interiorização das universidades públicas federais viabiliza a articulação entre a universidade e a comunidade local na perspectiva da construção conjunta de saberes e da promoção da autonomia. Utilizamos o caminho metodológico da análise documental do Projeto Pedagógico (PP) do curso e entrevistas com docentes das referidas disciplinas. A educação popular contribui para a formação do nutricionista, sobretudo, pela superação do modelo tecnicista biologicista, auxiliando na estruturação de um perfil educador, capaz de contribuir para a autonomia dos sujeitos e o autocuidado em saúde.
A questão de gênero numa perspectiva decolonial
Authors: Mendes Gabriella da Silva , Fonseca Alexandre Brasil Carvalho da
Published: March 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir a respeito das questões de gênero, a partir da perspectiva de análise da decolonialidade. Estudos da temática mostram que o gênero pode ser uma forma de colonialidade, que produz discursos que escondem a multiplicidade da vivência das relações fora do “sistema mundo da colonial modernidade”. Dessa forma, tentaremos compreender como as relações de gênero se viram modificadas historicamente pelo colonialismo, a partir de uma breve revisão de literatura, para pensar nas possibilidades de uma perspectiva decolonial para a questão de gênero. Utilizando como metodologia a revisão sistemática, este artigo não se pretendeu a responder tão complexas questões que abordam o tema, e sim realizar um mapeamento.
Projeto Magistério em áreas de reforma agrária do Ceará
Authors: Marinho Junior Expedito Vital
Published: March 2020

O objetivo deste texto é relatar minha vivência como bolsista de extensão do Programa Nacional de Educação na Reforma Agrária (PRONERA). Destaco os percalços e conquistas pessoais e coletivas para a concretização do Projeto de Formação de Educadores e Educadoras de Assentamentos Rurais em Áreas de Reforma Agrária do Ceará – Magistério em Nível Médio (2005-2010). Para isso, busquei amparo metodológico em autores que trabalham com a perspectiva de biografia e relatos de experiência de vida (CHARTIER, 1994; GUIMARÃES, 2008; LE GOFF, 1990). Por fim, concluo que apesar das limitações, o projeto obteve sucesso, formando um número relevante de educandos para atuarem em assentamentos rurais e, pessoalmente, me fez aprender e crescer tanto intelectualmente quanto como ser social.
Analysis of a Compact Squeeze Film Damper with Magneto Rheological Fluid
Authors: Singh Rahul Kumar , Tiwari Mayank , Saksena Anpeksh Ambreesh , Srivastava Aman
Published: March 2020

Rotor systems play vital role in many modern day machinery such as turbines, pumps, aeroengines, gyroscopes, to name a few. Due to unavoidable unbalance in the rotor systems, there are lateral and torsional vibrations. Ignoring these effects may cause the system serious damages, which sometimes lead to catastrophic failures. Vibration level in rotor systems is acceptable within a range. Focus in this work is to minimize the vibration level to the acceptable range. One of the ways vibration level can be minimised is by means of providing damping. To accomplish this task in this work a new concept squeeze film damper is made by electro discharge machining which is compact in configuration, is filled with magneto-rheological (MR) fluid and tested out on one support of a Jeffcott rotor. This compact squeeze film damper (SFD) produces damping in a compact volume of the device compared to a conventional SFD. MR fluid is a smart fluid, for which apparent viscosity changes with the application of external magnetic field. This compact damper with MR fluid provides the variable damping force, controlled by an external magnetic field. In this work, proportional controller has been used for providing the control feedback. This MR damper is seen to reduce vibrations in steady state and transient input to the Jeffcott rotor. Parametric study for important design parameters has been done with the help of the simulation model. These controlled dampers can be used for reducing vibrations under different operating conditions and also crossing critical speed.
A Comparison of Circular and Slotted Synthetic Jets for Flow Control in a Twin Air Intake
Authors: Yadav Krishnakumar Rajnath , Paul Akshoy Ranjan , Hegde Nithin , Jain Anuj
Published: March 2020

The performance of an aircraft engine depends on air flow quality at the engine face / the exit of the air-intake also known as aerodynamic inlet plane (AIP). A single-engine aircraft has complex Y-shaped twin air-intake which causes severe flow separation, distortion and flow non-uniformity at the AIP. The present study compares the efficacy of slotted synthetic jet and a row of four circular synthetic jets attached to inner faces of a twin air-intake to improve aerodynamic performance at the AIP. The results are obtained using computational fluid dynamics. The velocity and vorticity plots show that lateral spread of the circular jets is limited as compared to the slotted jet. The circular jets are found to be weak as compared to slotted jet to prevent separation of main flow occurring in the twin air-intake. The various aerodynamic performance parameters, such as static pressure recovery coefficient, total pressure loss coefficient, distortion coefficient and secondary flow uniformity are compared for both the cases, exhibiting marked improvement in all these parameters. The study demonstrates that the slotted synthetic jets is a better option for controlling flow in twin air-intake as compared to a row of circular synthetic jets.
Operational Feasibility Study of High Altitude Balloon Platform based on the Wind Environment in South Korea
Authors: Kang Jungpyo , Yee Kwanjung , Shim Gyujin
Published: March 2020

Naval helicopters flying at extremely low altitudes often face communication problems when the helicopter is located in the distance from the mother ship. Accordingly, new attention is being cast on the high altitude balloon (HAB) to solve this problem due to its cost-effectiveness and ability of rapid deployment to the battlefield. The balloon is one of a lighter-than-air vehicle that the blowing wind determines its speed, direction, and travel distance. Therefore, it is likely that seasonal changes in wind conditions will restrict the operation of the balloon. In this paper, the feasibility study of the balloon, which is regarded as a future communication relay platform, on the theater of operation of the Republic of Korea Navy the First Fleet was performed. The trends of the balloon trajectory for five years (2014 ~ 2018) with respect to seasonal wind variations were investigated employing the numerical trajectory prediction program. Simulated balloon trajectories of summer and winter showed considerable differences due to seasonal wind. Summer season was found that it has the most favorite flight environment for the balloon campaign. Upon reflecting on the simulation results, the HAB operating procedure, which capitalised on the Ulleungdo, was also suggested.
Identifikasi Komposisi Asam Lemak dari Minyak Benih Turi (Sesbania grandiflora (L) Pers)
Authors: Ismiyarto Ismiyarto , Halim Siti Anisah , Wibawa Pratama Jujur
Published: March 2020

Penelitian untuk mengetahui komposisi asam lemak pada minyak benih Turi (Sesbania grandiflora (L) Pers) telah dilaksanakan. Pada langkah pertama adalah untuk menggunakannya sebagai zat standar biodiesel. Bubuk kering dari benih Turi diekstraksi secara berkelanjutan dengan soxhlet selama 7 jam pada suhu 60-70oC dengan pelarut n-heksana. Rendemen produk minyak benih Turi adalah 9,79% w/w dari berat benih Turi. Asam lemak trigliserida dianalisis dengan GC-MS yang dioperasikan pada 150-290oC dengan kenaikan suhu 10oC/5 menit, fasa mobil adalah gas helium yang dijalankan pada 10 Kpa, keperluan Fasa stasioner adalah CP-SIL 5 CB panjangnya 25 m dan detektor pada GC-MS adalah FID. Berdasarkan pada puncak GC-MS yang dicocokkan dengan masing-masing database fragmentasi puncak dapat disimpulkan bahwa asam lemak dari trigliserida adalah asam palmitik (14,25%), asam linoleat (39,13%), asam elaidat (39.13%), asam stearat (13.97%) dan asam aracidat (39.13%) dengan berat molekular trigliserida pada minyak benih Turi adalah 872,769 g/mol dan berwujud cairan pada suhu-kamar dan berwarana hitam-kuning.
Kajian Kinetika Adsorpsi Mg(II) pada Silika Gel Termodifikasi Gugus Sulfonat
Authors: Azmiyawati Choiril
Published: March 2020

Dalam penelitian ini telah dikaji pengaruh perlakuan silika gel dengan γ-glisidoksipropiltrimetoksisilan (γ-GPS) dan garam mononatrium asam 4-amino-5-hidroksi-2,7-naftalenadisulfonat (C10H8NNaO7S2) sebagai perlakuan awal, terhadap kinetika adsorpsi magnesium, Mg(II) dalam larutan. Perlakuan dikerjakan dengan mereaksikan silika gel dan γ-GPS membentuk senyawa Si-Ep yang berfungsi sebagai senyawa perantara dalam pembuatan silika gel termodifikasi gugus sulfonat. Si-Ep selanjutnya direaksikan dengan garam sulfonat sehingga diperoleh Si-SO3H (silika sulfonat) yang berupa padatan. Padatan (adsorben) digunakan untuk mengadsorpsi Mg(II) dalam larutan dengan variasi waktu kontak. Jumlah logam yang teradsorpsi ditentukan dengan menganalisis larutan/filtrat menggunakan metoda spektroskopi serapan atom (AAS). Pengaruh perlakuan terhadap kinetika dievaluasi berdasarkan parameter kinetika, yaitu laju adsorpsi dengan model kinetika Langmuir Hinshelwood (LH). Kajian kinetika adsorpsi Mg(II) dengan model kinetika LH memberikan tetapan laju adsorpsi, k = 3 x 10-5 menit-1. Berdasarkan nilai perubahan energi bebas Gibbs adsorpsi standar (-ΔG˚= 19,3886 J/mol) menunjukkan bahwa adsorpsi berlangsung melalui interaksi fisik.
Potensi Antimikosis Beberapa Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia
Authors: Kusrini Dewi , Anam Khairul , Cahyono Bambang
Published: March 2020

Telah ditelaah potensi antimikosis tumbuhan Annona squamosa L (srikaya), Phylantus Acidus (L) Skeels (ceremai), and Phaleria Macrocarpa [Scheff] Boerl. (mahkota dewa) terhadap mikosis Candida Albicans. Ekstrak etanol srikaya mempunyai aktivitas tertinggi, setara dengan aktivitas 11.566,11 μg ketokenazol, dan ekstra etanol mahkota dewa setara dengan 2.344,46 g ketokenazol.
Zagadnienia konstrukcyjne umów publicznoprawnych
Authors: Staniszewska Lucyna
Published: March 2020

The formulation of legal provisions by the administration does not have to take the form of administrative decisions. One of the legal forms of the administration is public-law contracts. This is one of the forms of administration which still requires a further scientific analysis. Contracts are useful instruments, and therefore it may be worth looking at their different types and construction. They may be classified according to the parties to the legal relationship created. There are two types of contracts, i.e. between admin­istrative bodies and between an administrative body and an entity. The doctrine refers to contracts of the latter type as administrative and legal agreements. Such agreements have developed in the Polish legal order after the systemic changes. Unfortunately, the legislator has not provided their legal definition, they are regu­lated in special laws, most often by indicating contractual provisions constituting essentialia negotii. The doctrine does not explicitly define the character of the con­tracts concluded by the administrative body and its contractor, nor has the final characteristics of the content of contracts in the administration as a whole been made. There is still a lack of consensus as to the construction of public law contracts and the rules governing them. There is an urgent need to regulate the essence of administrative contracts, and in particular to indicate their construction and legal nature, in order to better protect legal entities entering into them. The purpose of public-law contracts is to improve the quality of administration, and increase the efficiency of administrative activities. More administrative contracts also mean higher decentralisation of the state. Moreover, the idea of extending the use of public-law contracts is consistent with the principle of the participatory role of citizens in achieving public effects. The Polish legislator may draw on the regulations of other countries, for instance Germany, where public-law contracts have received legal definitions.
Renata Kusiak-Winter, Odpowiedzialność administracji publicznej. Struktura odpowiedzialności zperspektywy determinantów prawnych, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wrocław 2019, ss. 313, ISBN 978-83-66066-38-0
Authors: Bisztyga Andrzej
Published: March 2020

Recenzja. Renata Kusiak-Winter, Odpowiedzialność administracji publicznej. Struktura odpowiedzialności zperspektywy determinantów prawnych, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wrocław 2019, ss. 313, ISBN 978-83-66066-38-0
Knockdown of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 inhibits glioma progression by regulating miR-338-3p/RRM2
Authors: Yin Zhangxing , Liao Liqing , Mao Sheng , Liu Ying , Xie Tao , Yu Hua , Zhao Wenxu
Published: March 2020

The dysregulated lncRNA play essential roles in glioma development. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of lncRNA potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 opposite strand/ antisense transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) in glioma progression. Tumor tissues and adjacent normal samples were collected from 30 glioma patients. The expression levels of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1, microRNA (miR)-338-3p and ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or western blot analyses. Levels of cell viability, apoptosis, cell migration and invasion in glioma cell lines were determined using cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC and trans-well assays, respectively. The role of KCNQ1OT1 in glioma development in vivo was investigated using a xenograft model. The target association between miR-338-3p and KCNQ1OT1 or RRM2 was validated by luciferase reporter assay. The results found that expression of KCNQ1OT1 was enhanced in glioma tissues and cells, and KCNQ1OT1 knockdown inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion, and xenograft tumor growth, but promoted apoptosis. miR-338-3p was targeted via KCNQ1OT1 and could reverse the effect of KCNQ1OT1 on glioma progression. RRM2 was targeted via miR-338-3p and attenuated the suppressive effect of miR-338-3p on glioma cell viability, migration and invasion. Besides, KCNQ1OT1 overexpression increased RRM2 expression, and this event was weakened via miR-338-3p up-regulation. In conclusion, the present finding suggest that silencing of KCNQ1OT1 can suppress the development and progression of glioma by up-regulating miR-338-3p and down-regulating RRM2.
Total haemoglobin – a reference measuring system for improvement of standardisation
Authors: Grote-Koska Denis , Klauke Rainer , Kaiser Patricia , Kramer Udo , Macdonald Rainer , Lerche Dietmar , Staaden Antje , Brand Korbinian , Schumann Gerhard
Published: March 2020

Background

Total haemoglobin (Hb) concentration in blood belongs to the most requested measurands, and the HiCN method (hemiglobincyanide) is accepted as a reference. Although the reaction principle is clearly characterised, measurement conditions and settings are not consistently defined, some of them influencing the results. An improvement of standardisation is the object.

Methods

After method optimization, measurement results between different calibration laboratories (CL) were compared with each other and also with results of the National Metrology Institute of Germany (PTB), with target values of certified reference material, within the RELA scheme, and to >1500 results from routine laboratories.

Results

Overall deviations between three CLs were ≤0.5% (n = 24 samples) in a measurement range of 20 g/L to 300 g/L. A CV of 0.4% was determined in pooled blood (1 year long-term imprecision, 99.0%–101.1% recovery of the mean). For selected measurements (n = 4 samples) the PTB participated without significant differences to three CLs, and no significant differences were observed comparing CLs to certified values of reference materials. The expanded measurement uncertainty (probability 95%) was estimated as 1.1%.

Conclusions

A reference measuring system, comprising measuring instruments and other devices, including reagents and supply, to generate reference measurement values for total Hb concentration of high accuracy and low measurement uncertainty is presented. Measurement parameters are investigated and defined. The reference measuring system is ready to offer service to EQA providers and to the IVD industry for certifying control materials or calibrators.
Assessing physical examination skills using direct observation and volunteer patients
Authors: Clark Bennett W. , Lee Yi Zhen Joan , Niessen Timothy , Desai Sanjay V. , Garibaldi Brian T.
Published: March 2020

Background

Feedback based on direct observation of the physical examination (PE) is associated with enhanced educational outcomes, yet attending physicians do not frequently observe graduate trainees performing the PE.

Methods

We recruited volunteer patients (VPs), each with an abnormality of the cardiovascular, respiratory, or neurological system. Interns examined each VP, then presented a differential diagnosis and management plan to two clinician educators, who, themselves, had independently examined the VPs. The clinician educators assessed interns along five domains and provided post-examination feedback and teaching. We collected data on intern performance, faculty inter-rater reliability, correlation with a simulation-based measure of clinical skill, and resident and VP perceptions of the assessment.

Results

A total of 72 PGY-1 interns from a large academic training program participated. Performance on the cardiovascular and respiratory system was superior to performance on the neurologic exam. There was no correlation between results of an online test and directly observed cardiovascular skill. Interns preferred feedback from the direct observation sessions. VPs and faculty also rated the experience highly. Inter-rater reliability was good for the respiratory exam, but poor for the cardiovascular and neurologic exams.

Conclusions

Direct observation of trainees provides evidence about PE skill that cannot be obtained via simulation. Clinician educators’ ability to provide reliable PE assessment may depend on the portion of the PE being assessed. Our experience highlights the need for ongoing training of clinician educators in direct observation, standard setting, and assessment protocols. This assessment can inform summative or formative assessments of physical exam skill in graduate medical education.
Carbon nanomaterials enhanced cement-based composites: advances and challenges
Authors: Du Mingrui , Jing Hongwen , Gao Yuan , Su Haijian , Fang Hongyuan
Published: March 2020

Carbon nanomaterials, predominantly carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene nanoplates, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, possess superior chemical, physical and mechanical properties. They have been successfully introduced into ordinary Portland cement to give enhancements in terms of mechanical properties, durability and electrical/thermal conductivity, and to modify the functional properties, converting conventional cement-based materials into stronger, smarter and more durable composites. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the properties of carbon nanomaterials, current developments and novel techniques in carbon nanomaterials enhanced cement-based composites (CN-CBCs). Further study of the applications of CN-CBCs at industrial scale is also discussed.
Preparation and properties of 3D interconnected CNTs/Cu composites
Authors: Chen Shaohua , Fu Shaoli , Liang Dong , Chen Xiaohong , Mi Xujun , Liu Ping , Zhang Yi , Hui David
Published: March 2020

In this paper, the 3D pore structure of CuCr powders were obtained by pre-press shaping process, and finally the 3D interconnected carbon nanotubes/copper (CNTs/Cu) composites with excellent properties were insitu synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The morphology and structure of CNTs/ Cu composites are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the results showed that the quality of CNTs and the interfacial bonding strength of CNTs/ Cu composites can be improved owing to the 3D pore structure. Meanwhile, the 3D pore structure was favorable to avoid pollution of CNTs during the synthesis process. The tensile strength of CNTs/ Cu composites increased to 421.2 MPa, with 47.6% enhancements compared to CuCr. Furthermore, the coefficient of friction (COF) reduced to 0.22 and the corrosion resistance were increased by 51.86% compared to CuCr. Consequently, our research provides a novel and an effective method for the synthesis of high quality CNTs/ Cu composites.
Excess spectroscopy and its applications in the study of solution chemistry
Authors: Zhang Yaqin , Wu Zhiwei , Wang Yaqian , He Hongyan , Yu Zhiwu
Published: March 2020

Characterization of structural heterogeneity of liquid solutions and the pursuit of its nature have been challenging tasks to solution chemists. In the last decade, an emerging method called excess spectroscopy has found applications in this area. The method, combining the merits of molecular spectroscopy and excess thermodynamic functions, shows the ability to enhance the apparent resolution of spectra, provides abundant information concerning solution structures and intermolecular interactions. In this review, the thinking and mathematics of the method, as well as its developments, are presented first. Then, research progress related to the exploration of the method is thoroughly reviewed. The materials are classified into two parts, small-molecular solutions and ionic liquid solutions. Finally, potential challenges and the perspective for further development of the method are discussed.
Transition metal complexes of monodentate 2-oxazolines containing long chain alkyl groups. The crystal structure of trans-PdCl2(κ
1-N-rac-2-heptadecyl-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-2-oxazole)2
Authors: Chojnacka Maja W. , Adjei Jeanette A. , Lough Alan J. , Sacripante Guerino G. , Gossage Robert A.
Published: March 2020

The synthesis, characterisation and properties of several divalent metal complexes (Co, Ni, Pd) containing 2-oxazoline ligands L1–L3, appended with long chain alkyl and/or ester groups, is reported. The X-ray crystal structure aspects of one such complex, trans-PdCl2(rac-2-heptadecyl-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-2-oxazole)2 (i.e. PdCl2(L1)2: 3), is described. This latter material contains one of the longest alkyl chains to be crystallographically characterised appended to an oxazoline ligand. The complexes reported herein represent the first transition metal derivatives of these high molecular weight, long chain and presumably low polarity monodentate oxazoline ligands. A combination of spectral and theoretical calculations (semi-empirical PM6(tm) level of theory) are used to support the proposed structure in the case of the hydrates of NiCl2 and CoBr2 complexes derived from L1. A trio of PdCl2 complexes of the ligand set are likewise detailed. Complex 3 is shown to be a useful pre-catalyst for the promotion of a Heck coupling reaction between bromobenzene and styrene under typical conditions.
Nitric Oxide Signaling Strengthens Inhibitory Synapses of Cerebellar Molecular Layer Interneurons through a GABARAP-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Larson Erik A. , Accardi Michael V. , Wang Ying , D'Antoni Martina , Karimi Benyamin , Siddiqui Tabrez J. , Bowie Derek
Published: March 2020

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that fulfills diverse functional roles as a neurotransmitter or diffusible second messenger in the developing and adult CNS. Although the impact of NO on different behaviors such as movement, sleep, learning, and memory has been well documented, the identity of its molecular and cellular targets is still an area of ongoing investigation. Here, we identify a novel role for NO in strengthening inhibitory GABAAreceptor-mediated transmission in molecular layer interneurons of the mouse cerebellum. NO levels are elevated by the activity of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) following Ca2+entry through extrasynaptic NMDA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDARs). NO activates protein kinase G with the subsequent production of cGMP, which prompts the stimulation of NADPH oxidase and protein kinase C (PKC). The activation of PKC promotes the selective strengthening of α3-containing GABAARs synapses through a GΑΒΑ receptor-associated protein-dependent mechanism. Given the widespread but cell type-specific expression of the NMDAR/nNOS complex in the mammalian brain, our data suggest that NMDARs may uniquely strengthen inhibitory GABAergic transmission in these cells through a novel NO-mediated pathway.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLong-term changes in the efficacy of GABAergic transmission is mediated by multiple presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. A prominent pathway involves crosstalk between excitatory and inhibitory synapses whereby Ca2+-entering through postsynaptic NMDARs promotes the recruitment and strengthening of GABAAreceptor synapses via Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Although Ca2+transport by NMDARs is also tightly coupled to nNOS activity and NO production, it has yet to be determined whether this pathway affects inhibitory synapses. Here, we show that activation of NMDARs trigger a NO-dependent pathway that strengthens inhibitory GABAergic synapses of cerebellar molecular layer interneurons. Given the widespread expression of NMDARs and nNOS in the mammalian brain, we speculate that NO control of GABAergic synapse efficacy may be more widespread than has been appreciated.
Developing leaders to tackle wicked problems at the nexus of food, energy, and water systems
Authors: Wade Alisa A. , Grant Amina , Karasaki Seigi , Smoak Rachel , Cwiertny David , Wilcox Andrew C. , Yung Laurie , Sleeper Kristin , Anandhi Aavudai
Published: March 2020

The multiscale, complex challenges at the nexus of food, energy, and water systems (FEWS) demand approaches to graduate education beyond traditional disciplinary training. Here, we present a vision for training FEWS leaders developed by faculty and students from interdisciplinary graduate training programs focused on the FEWS nexus. We discuss the imperative to create interdisciplinary, next-generation FEWS leaders and the core skills and proficiencies such leaders need: employ systems thinking, thrive in interdisciplinary teams, communicate effectively, and engage diverse stakeholders and communities. These skills will prepare students to connect science to innovative, actionable solutions and to successfully lead across a variety of careers. Graduate training that integrates these approaches must, on the one hand, overcome structural, cultural, and financial barriers in higher education, but on the other hand, will help develop a community of practice capable of developing sustainable solutions for the FEWS nexus and other vexing environmental challenges.
Sex steroid hormones differentially regulate CYP2D in female wild-type and CYP2D6-humanized mice
Authors: Konstandi Maria , Andriopoulou Christina E , Cheng Jie , Gonzalez Frank J
Published: March 2020

The CYP2D subfamily catalyses the metabolism of about 25% of prescribed drugs, including the majority of antidepressants and antipsychotics. At present, the mechanism of hepatic CYP2D regulation remains largely unknown. This study investigated the role of sex steroid hormones in CYP2D regulation. For this purpose, Cyp2d22 expression was assessed in the distinct phases of the estrous cycle of normocyclic C57BL/6J (WT) female mice. Cyp2d22 was also evaluated in ovariectomised WT and CYP2D6-humanized (hCYP2D6) mice that received hormonal supplementation with either 17β-estradiol (E2) and/or progesterone. Comparisons were also made to male mice. The data revealed that hepatic Cyp2d22 mRNA, protein and activity levels were higher at estrous compared to the other phases of the estrous cycle and that ovariectomy repressed Cyp2d22 expression in WT mice. Tamoxifen, an anti-estrogenic compound, also repressed hepatic Cyp2d22 via activation of GH/STAT5b and PI3k/AKT signaling pathways. Both hormones prevented the ovariectomy-mediated Cyp2d22 repression. In case of progesterone, this may be mediated by inhibition of the PI3k/AKT/FOX01 pathway. Notably, Cyp2d22 mRNA levels in WT males were similar to those in ovariectomised mice and were markedly lower compared to females at estrous, a differentiation potentially regulated by the GH/STAT5b pathway. Sex steroid hormone-related alterations in Cyp2d22 mRNA expression were highly correlated with Hnf1a mRNA. Interestingly, fluctuations in Cyp2d22 in hippocampus and cerebellum followed those in liver. In contrast to WT mice, ovariectomy induced hepatic CYP2D6 expression in hCYP2D6 mice, whereas E2 and/or progesterone prevented this induction. Apparently, sex steroid hormones display a significant gender- and species-specific role in the regulation of CYP2D.
The therapeutic effect of interleukin-22 in high androgen-induced polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Qi Xinyu , Yun Chuyu , Liao Baoying , Qiao Jie , Pang Yanli
Published: March 2020

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex syndrome involving both endocrine and metabolic disorders. Gut microbiota and the intestinal immune factor IL-22 play an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. However, the therapeutic role of IL-22 in high androgen-induced PCOS mice is not clear. We aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of IL-22 on the DHEA-induced PCOS mouse model and to explore the possible mechanism of IL-22 in regulating hyperandrogenism-associated PCOS. Insulin resistance levels and ovarian functions were investigated in DHEA-induced PCOS mice with or without additional IL-22 treatment. We found that IL-22 could reverse insulin resistance, disturbed estrous cycle, abnormal ovary morphology, and decreased embryo number in DHEA mice. Mechanistically, IL-22 upregulated the browning of white adipose tissue in DHEA mice. This study demonstrated that IL-22-associated browning of white adipose tissue regulated insulin sensitivity and ovarian functions in PCOS, suggesting that IL-22 may be of value for the treatment of PCOS with a hyperandrogenism phenotype.
Altered pancreas remodeling following glucose intolerance in pregnancy in mice
Authors: Szlapinski Sandra K , Botros Anthony A , Donegan Sarah , King Renee T , Retta Gabrielle , Strutt Brenda J , Hill David J
Published: March 2020

Gestational diabetes mellitus increases the risk of dysglycemia postpartum, in part, due to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. However, no histological evidence exists comparing endocrine pancreas after healthy and glucose-intolerant pregnancies. This study sought to address this knowledge gap, in addition to exploring the contribution of an inflammatory environment to changes in endocrine pancreas after parturition. We used a previously established mouse model of gestational glucose intolerance induced by dietary low protein insult from conception until weaning. Pancreas and adipose samples were collected at 7, 30 and 90 days postpartum for histomorphometric and cytokine analyses, respectively. Glucose tolerance tests were performed prior to euthanasia and blood was collected via cardiac puncture. Pregnant female mice born to dams fed a low protein diet previously shown to develop glucose intolerance at late gestation relative to controls continued to be glucose intolerant until 1 month postpartum. However, glucose tolerance normalized by 3 months postpartum. Glucose intolerance at 7 days postpartum was associated with lower beta- and alpha-cell fractional areas and higher adipose levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6. By 3 months postpartum, a compensatory increase in the number of small islets and a higher insulin to glucagon ratio likely enabled euglycemia to be attained in the previously glucose-intolerant mice. The results show that impairments in endocrine pancreas compensation in hyperglycemic pregnancy persist after parturition and contribute to prolonged glucose intolerance. These impairments may increase the susceptibility to development of future type 2 diabetes.
Location relative to the corpus luteum affects bovine endometrial response to a conceptus
Authors: Bagés-Arnal Sandra , Sánchez José M , Fernandez-Fuertes Beatriz , McDonald Michael , Behura Susanta K , Spencer Thomas E , Fair Trudee , Lonergan Pat
Published: March 2020

In cattle, embryo transfer into the uterine horn contralateral to the corpus luteum results in a higher incidence of pregnancy loss compared to transfer into the ipsilateral horn. We have previously reported temporal changes in the endometrial transcriptome during the estrous cycle which differ between uterine horns. The objective of this study was to compare the transcriptomic response of endometrium from the ipsilateral and contralateral horns to an elongating conceptus. Cross-bred beef heifers (n = 16) were synchronized and either used to generate day 14 conceptuses following the transfer of in vitro-produced blastocysts or to obtain day 14 endometrial explants. Conceptuses were recovered on day 14 by post-mortem uterine flushing, placed individually on top of explants collected from the ipsilateral (IPSI-D14) or the contralateral (CONTRA-D14) uterine horn of cyclic heifers, and co-cultured for 6 h. The response to a conceptus was markedly different between uterine horns, with 61 and 239 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; false discovery rate <0.05) in the ipsilateral and contralateral horns, respectively, compared to their controls. Direct comparison between IPSI-D1 and CONTRA-D14 revealed 32 DEGs, including CXCL11, CXCL10, IFIT2, RSAD2 and SAMD9. Gene Ontology analysis of these 32 genes revealed ten enriched biological processes, mainly related to immune response and response to an external stimulus. These data indicate that the endometrial response to the presence of a conceptus varies between uterine horns in the same uterus and may contribute to the higher incidence of pregnancy loss following embryo transfer to the contralateral horn.
Moderate episodic prenatal alcohol does not impact female offspring fertility in rats
Authors: McReight Elizabeth K , Liew Seng H , Steane Sarah E , Hutt Karla J , Moritz Karen M , Akison Lisa K
Published: March 2020

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been associated with reproductive dysfunction in offspring. However, studies in females, particularly examining long-term infertility or impacts on ovarian reserve, are lacking. The current study utilised a moderate, episodic exposure model in rats to mimic ‘special occasion’ drinking, which is reported to be common during pregnancy. Our objective was to examine the consequences of this prenatal alcohol exposure on reproductive parameters in female offspring. Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with either an ethanol gavage (1 g EtOH/kg body weight), or an equivalent volume of saline, on embryonic days 13.5 and 14.5 of pregnancy, resulting in a peak blood alcohol concentration of ~0.04%. Neonatal female offspring were examined for molecular markers regulating early follicle numbers in the ovary, and unbiased stereology was used to quantify primordial and early growing follicle numbers. Puberty onset (age at vaginal opening and first estrous) was measured post-weaning, and estrous cycles, reproductive hormones (progesterone and estradiol) and pregnancy success was measured in adults (5–6 months of age). We found no evidence that any of these reproductive parameters were significantly altered by PAE in this model. This animal study provides some reassurance for women who may have consumed a small amount of alcohol during their pregnancy. However, previously published effects on offspring metabolism using this model reinforce avoidance of alcohol during pregnancy.
Network Analysis of Linkage Disequilibrium Reveals Genome Architecture in Chum Salmon
Authors: McKinney Garrett , McPhee Megan V , Pascal Carita , Seeb James E , Seeb Lisa W
Published: March 2020

Many studies exclude loci that exhibit linkage disequilibrium (LD); however, high LD can signal reduced recombination around genomic features such as chromosome inversions or sex-determining regions. Chromosome inversions and sex-determining regions are often involved in adaptation, allowing for the inheritance of co-adapted gene complexes and for the resolution of sexually antagonistic selection through sex-specific partitioning of genetic variants. Genomic features such as these can escape detection when loci with LD are removed; in addition, failing to account for these features can introduce bias to analyses. We examined patterns of LD using network analysis to identify an overlapping chromosome inversion and sex-determining region in chum salmon. The signal of the inversion was strong enough to show up as false population substructure when the entire dataset was analyzed, while the effect of the sex-determining region on population structure was only obvious after restricting analysis to the sex chromosome. Understanding the extent and geographic distribution of inversions is now a critically important part of genetic analyses of natural populations. Our results highlight the importance of analyzing and understanding patterns of LD in genomic dataset and the perils of excluding or ignoring loci exhibiting LD. Blindly excluding loci in LD would have prevented detection of the sex-determining region and chromosome inversion while failing to understand the genomic features leading to high-LD could have resulted in false interpretations of population structure.