bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistência das madeiras de pinus, cedro australiano e seus produtos derivados ao ataque de Cryptotermes brevis
Authors: Ribeiro Marcelo Xisto , Bufalino Lina , Mendes Lourival Marin , Sá Vania Aparecida de , Santos Alexandre dos , Tonoli Gustavo Henrique Denzin
Published: October 2014

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se comparar a resistência das madeiras de cedro australiano (Toona ciliata) e pinus (Pinus sp.) e de painéis aglomerados produzidos com essas espécies ao ataque do cupim de madeira seca Cryptotermes brevis, bem como quantificar a mortalidade dos insetos. Foram colocados 30 pseudo-operários em placas de Petri de acrílico de 9,5 cm de diâmetro, contendo as amostras (1,5 x 1,5 x 0,5 cm) e folhas de algodão posicionadas sobre as tampas perfuradas umedecidas diariamente com 5 ml de água. As placas foram acondicionadas em BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) a 24±5ºC e escotofase de 24 h. Uma amostra testemunha sem fonte de alimentação foi incluída no bioensaio. O cálculo do índice de deterioração (ID) das amostras e a avaliação da mortalidade foram realizados após 60 dias. Os cupins da amostra testemunha apresentaram mortalidade maior em relação aos cupins dos demais tratamentos, os quais não se diferenciaram entre si. A madeira de Toona ciliata foi mais resistente ao ataque de Cryptotermes brevis em relação à madeira de Pinus sp. Os índices de deterioração médios foram de 1,74% e 6,62% para essas madeiras respectivamente. O índice de deterioração médio do painel produzido com 100% de Toona ciliata (ID=1,58%) foi similar ao índice de deterioração do painel produzido por essa mesma espécie em mistura com Pinus sp. (ID=1,87%).
Avaliação da carga de trabalho físico e biomecânica de trabalhadores na roçada manual e semimecanizada
Authors: Oliveira Felipe Martins de , Lopes Eduardo da Silva , Rodrigues Carla Krulikowski
Published: October 2014

Nesta pesquisa, objetivou-se realizar uma avaliação da carga de trabalho físico e biomecânica de trabalhadores nas atividades de roçada manual e semimecanizada para a implantação de plantios florestais. A carga de trabalho físico foi avaliada por meio do levantamento da frequência cardíaca dos trabalhadores nas diversas fases do ciclo de trabalho, com uso de um monitor Polar Oy. A avaliação biomecânica foi realizada por meio de filmagens dos trabalhadores no trabalho, sendo definidas as posturas típicas e os dados analisados no programa 3DSSPP (Programa de Predição de Postura e de Força Estática), desenvolvido pela Universidade de Michigan, EUA. Os resultados mostraram que, a atividade de roçada manual requereu maior esforço físico, com carga cardiovascular acima do limite máximo recomendado de 40%, sendo a atividade classificada como pesada. Nesse método de trabalho, várias articulações dos trabalhadores apresentaram riscos de lesões, sendo o quadril a articulação mais comprometida, com percentual de capazes variando entre 88 e 92%.
Classificação fisiológica de sementes florestais quanto a tolerância à dessecação e ao armazenamento
Authors: Nery Marcela Carlota , Davide Antonio Cláudio , Silva Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da , Soares Giuliana Cristina Mourão , Nery Fernanda Carlota
Published: October 2014

Objetivou-se, com essa pesquisa, realizar a classificação quanto a tolerância à dessecação e a capacidade de armazenamento de sementes de cinco espécies florestais de matas ciliares da bacia do Alto Rio Grande, no Estado de Minas Gerias. Sementes de Casearia sylvestris Swart (Salicaceae), Qualea grandiflora Mart. (Vochysiaceae), Guarea kunthiana A. Juss. (Meliaceae), Eremanthus incanus Less. (Asteraceae), Protium heptaphyllum March. (Burseraceae) foram coletadas e transportadas ao Laboratório de Sementes Florestais, aonde foram beneficiadas e submetidas a dois tipos de secagem, rápida e lenta. Em seguida, foram armazenadas em freezer ou em câmara fria e avaliadas quanto à viabilidade. Após a classificação fisiológica, verificou-se que sementes de C. sylvestris e E. incanus são ortodoxas. Em contra-partida, sementes de G. kunthiana e P. heptaphyllum foram classificadas como recalcitrantes e Q. grandiflora como intermediárias, pois não toleram a secagem a baixos conteúdos de água.
Deterioração da madeira de Eucalyptus spp. por fungos xilófagos
Authors: Silva Luciana Ferreira da , Paes Juarez Benigno , Jesus Junior Waldir Cintra de , Oliveira José Tarcísio da Silva , Furtado Edson Luiz , Alves Fábio Ramos
Published: October 2014

Conduziu-se esta pesquisa, com o objetivo de avaliar a capacidade de deterioração de fungos isolados de madeiras de Eucalyptus spp. e realizar a análise química da madeira deteriorada, para verificar quais dos seus componentes sofreram maiores alterações em consequência do ataque. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Biodeterioração da Madeira, Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, no município de Jerônimo Monteiro, ES. Doze fungos foram utilizados, destes, nove foram provenientes de culturas puras isoladas a partir de fragmentos de cepas de madeiras de eucalipto deterioradas, coletadas em três localidades distintas, e três culturas puras com reconhecida capacidade de deterioração que foram utilizadas como padrão de comparação. Dos fungos testados, os Basidiomiceto 1 e Basidiomiceto 2 exibiram boa capacidade de deterioração da madeira de Eucalyptus spp. O cerne de eucalipto teve maior resistência natural que o alburno, mas os fungos foram capazes de degradar ambas as madeiras. De modo geral, houve um incremento no teor de extrativos totais na madeira deteriorada (cerne e alburno), para os Basidiomiceto 1 e Basidiomiceto 2. Nas madeiras de cerne de Eucalyptus grandis houve decréscimo no teor de extrativos para ambos Basidiomicetos. Com relação à holocelulose (celulose + hemiceluloses), ocorreram pequenas diferenças entre as madeiras sadias e deterioradas (variações médias em torno de 1%). Dos fungos testados, o Basidiomiceto 2 causou maior degradação da lignina quando comparado ao Basidiomiceto 1.
Efeito de reagentes de branqueamento na classificação e refinação de polpa de eucalipto
Authors: Favaro Jaqueline Silveira Comelato , Ventorim Gustavo , Caraschi José Cláudio
Published: October 2014

Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar o comportamento do branqueamento de polpa de celulose kraft de eucalipto nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas do papel. A polpa foi branqueada por quatro sequências semelhantes, sendo elas: D(E+P)DD (referência), A HT D(E+P)DD, D(E+P)D(PO), P X(E+P)DD. Cada uma das sequências contendo um dos reagentes analisados: dióxido de cloro, ácido sulfúrico peróxido de hidrogênio pressurizado, e perácido (ácido de Caro). Parte das amostras foi refinada para 40ºSR, enquanto a outra parte foi classificada em equipamento Bauer-McNett. Posteriormente, a porção retida na malha de 50 mesh, foi refinada ao mesmo número de revoluções que sua amostra global. As polpas branqueadas com A HT, P X e PO apresentaram diminuição da resistência mecânica e aumentaram a concentração de polpa em peneiras mais finas, durante a classificação, pois esses reagentes são pouco seletivos. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que polpas branqueadas por reagentes como o perácido e peróxido de hidrogênio pressurizado indicaram menores resistências, assim como suas frações de polpa. No entanto, apesar da baixa seletividade da hidrólise ácida, foi verificado que essa sequência apresentou altos índices de rasgo e tração, tanto da polpa global quanto da polpa classificada, concluindo que as polpas apesar de classificadas, apresentam elevada resistência mecânica.
Environmental profile analysis of MDF panels production: study in a brazilian technological condition
Authors: Piekarski Cassiano Moro , Francisco Antonio Carlos de , Luz Leila Mendes da , Alvarenga Tiago Henrique de Paula , Bittencourt Juliana Vitoria Messias
Published: October 2014

The main goal of this study was to analyze the environmental profile of MDF panel manufacturing in the Brazilian industry in terms of energy, emissions and dependence on renewable sources. The study was conducted by using the methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), specifically through the development of the first Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of MDF in a Brazilian industry. The life cycle inventory and the production processes analysis were constructed using Umberto® v.5.6 software and following the ISO 14040 series. The study covers the life cycle of MDF production from gate-to-gate perspective, involving the on-site manufacturing system. The functional unit was defined in 1 m³ of MDF. About 76% of energy required to produce MDF is thermal (52.8% of thermal energy is required for the drying process of wood fiber). CO2 is a major emission during the MDF production, where natural gas contributes to 96.7% of total CO2 fossils. It was observed a low dependence of non-renewable source (19.2%) compared with the literature.
Facial analysis in Down's Syndrome patients
Authors: DAMASCENO Lorena Nielsen , BASTING Roberta Tarkany
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the facial features of patients with Down syndrome, such as projection of the nose, projection and length of upper and lower lips, projection of soft pogonion and to compare them with the standardized analysis by Ayala and Gutierrez1. METHODS: The sample consisted of 20 patients with Down's Syndrome, between 8 and 13 years-old of both genders. The analysis was performed by one orthodontist, using lateral cephalograms and photography in natural head position. For statistical analysis, the mean values of linear measurements within a range of 95% were used. RESULTS: The mean (± standard deviation) showed a nasal projection of 10.1 mm (2.4), the upper and lower lip in front of the vertical reference line, subnasal and soft pogonion with a retrusion of 4.95 mm (4.6). The length of the upper lip showed a value of 20.2 mm (2.4) and the length of the lower lip of 42.5 mm (2.9). CONCLUSION: The facial analysis of patients with Down's Syndrome, compared with Ayala and Gutierrez1, showed smaller nasal projection, greater projection of the upper and lower lip, but lengths, and retrusion of the soft pogonion, similar to those of normal individuals
Wylie-Johnson analysis of adolescents of Afro-Brazilian descent with normal occlusion: investigation of the mean values
Authors: LORENZI Lígia Maria , NOUER Darcy Flávio , GARBUI Ivana Uglik , FONTANELLA Vânia , PADILHA Nelson , NOUER Paulo Roberto Aranha
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate mean cephalometric measurements for a group of individuals of Afro-Brazilian descent using the Wylie-Johnson analysis, and to investigate the presence of sexual dimorphism. METHODS: Thirty-six lateral radiographs of the head of African-Brazilians were used. Subjects were 10 to 14 years old and had clinically normal occlusion, all permanent teeth, and no history of orthodontic treatment. RESULTS: Results for girls and boys were, respectively: SNA 88.31º and 89.68º; SNB 83.96º and 85.01º; ANB 4.44º and 4.69º; 1:1= 118.18º and 116.51º; FG-ST 16.47 mm and 16.12 mm; ST-Pmf 19.69 mm and 19.88 mm; Pmf-ANS 53.69 mm and 54.84 mm; Pmf-1ºMS 21.83 mm and 20.64 mm; FG-Pg 108.19 mm and 108.45 mm; FPL -MPL 27.48º and 27.65º; TAFH 111.06 mm and 112.26 mm; UAFH 45.26 mm and 45.38 mm; LAFH 65.80 mm and 66.88 mm; FG-FPL 1.069 mm and -2.086 mm; MBL 70.24 mm and 69.67 mm; MRH 51.89 mm and 53.70 mm; gonial angle 129.27º and 129.28º. Results of Student's-t test (α=5%) did not show any sexual dimorphism. Results of descriptive statistics were similar for the individuals of Afro-Brazilian descent in the study. CONCLUSION: Individuals of African descent had bimaxillary protrusion, a more acute interincisal angle, a larger inferior facial height, and a markedly convex profile.
Profile of dentists in oral health team of a microregion of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: MATTOS Grazielle Christine Maciel , FERREIRA Efigênia Ferreira e , CAMPOS Ana Cristina Viana , LEITE Isabel Cristina Gonçalves , GRECO Rosângela Maria
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of dentists in oral health team of the micro-region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 48 dentists in 16 municipalities, in which data collection was conducted by questionnaire. The variables considered for the study were: training time in years, and monthly real salary (centroid), in compliance with weekly working hours, mode of incorporation into the oral health team, postgraduate course, social participation and ongoing involvement in Family Health. All variables were used to group dentists by Two Step Cluster analysis segmentation, with p <0.05 significance level. RESULTS: They formed three clusters that differed mainly in relation to training time in years (p = 0.007), hours worked (p <0.001), postgraduate course (p <0.001) and social participation (p = 0.031). The first cluster grouped dentists with less training time, receiving an intermediate salary to comply with the stated working hours and lack of post-graduate course, the second grouped dentists with the highest salaries and years of graduation who have post-graduate course and the last was composed of dentists with intermediary training time, the lowest salaries that complied with the working hours, have attended the training course / training in the Family Health Strategy and have no social participation. CONCLUSION: Dentists in the Family Health Strategy differ as regards weekly working hours, postgraduate course and social participation in the city, and the training time can be a critical feature to point out these differences.
Prevalence and severity of orofacial pain in pregnant women
Authors: ROSELL Fernanda Lopez , VALSECKI JÚNIOR Aylton , TAGLIAFERRO Elaine Pereira da Silva , SILVA Silvio Rocha Corrêa da
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of oral pain in pregnant women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of pregnant women who were receiving dental care at a Dental School. A structured questionnaire about self-perception of oral conditions and the presence and severity of orofacial pain in the mouth or teeth in the last 6 months was applied. RESULTS: 80 pregnant women participated in the study and, of these, 58.8% reported having a problem with their teeth, 31.3% periodontal problems, 61.3% bad taste in mouth and 62.5% bad breath. Only 22.5% of pregnant women did not exhibit any form of oral pain. The most frequently reported pains were: pain with hot/cold liquids or sweets (56.2%) and spontaneous toothache (38.8%). With regard to severity, mild and moderate pain were the most frequently reported, but there was a group of 23.8% of pregnant women with severe or very severe pain caused by hot or cold liquids and 18.8% in the same condition in relation to spontaneous pain. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that, despite the high prevalence of pain detected in the pregnant women, severity was low and referred to specific situations.
Effect of 17% EDTA on removal of canal wall smear layer and calcium hydroxide dressing: part II
Authors: PEREIRA Rosana de Souza , PEREIRA Gisela de Souza , BARROSO Juliana Machado , BARROS Carlos Henrique Siqueira , BORTOLOTTI Márcia Gabriella Lino de Barros , JUNQUEIRA José Luiz Cintra
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to evaluate, by scanning electron microscopy, the effectiveness of 17% EDTA on removal of canal wall smear layer and calcium hydroxide dressing in different thirds of root canal. METHODS: Ttwenty-four premolars were instrumented in the cervical and middle thirds using Gates-Glidden drills. At the working length, the canal was widened up to # 35 file, followed by scaling up to file # 50. After instrumentation, the teeth were divided into four groups according to the treatment received: GI - irrigation performed with 5 ml of NaOCl 2.5 % ; GII - irrigation with 5 ml of 17% EDTA for 2 and a half minutes , submitted to agitation with file # 15, followed by irrigation with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl ; GIII - irrigation with 5 ml of NaOCl 2.5% , drying , application of temporary dressing of Ca (OH )2 with propylene glycol and sealing. After 5 days , removing the sealing irrigation with 5 ml of 17% EDTA for 2 and a half minutes , submitted to agitation with file # 15, followed by a final flush with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl ; GIV - irrigation with 5 ml of 17% EDTA for 2 and a half minutes , submitted to agitation with file # 15 , followed by irrigation with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl , drying and after use of the medication in Ca (OH )2 with the sealing and propylene glycol which was removed after 5 days performing the irrigation with 5 ml of 17% EDTA for 2 and a half minutes , submitted to agitation with file # 15, followed by using 5 ml 2.5% NaOCl . Next, the teeth were prepared and taken to the scanning electron microscope . RESULTS: The images revealed: Group I - a marked presence of smear layer in all three thirds, Group II - removal of almost all of the smear layer in the cervical third and removal of large quantity in the middle third, whereas in the apical third a large quantity of smear layer still remained however, in comparison with the other groups, this was shown to be cleaner; Group III - in the three thirds, the presence of smear layer was observed, which was shown to be much less compacted than that observed in Group 1; Group IV- in all the thirds there was reduction of smear layer and Ca(OH)2-based medication, and presence of several unobstructed dentinal tubules could be observed, demonstrating the second best result observed. CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that the use of 17% EDTA favored removal of the smear layer and intracanal medication residues in all thirds of the root canal.
Evaluation of the pH and titratable acidity of teas commercially available in Brazilian market
Authors: LUNKES Letícia Bello Flores , HASHIZUME Lina Naomi
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE: Tea has been considered a healthy alternative to other industrialized beverages. The objective of this study was to assess the erosive potential of teas commercially available in Brazil by pH and titratable acidity measures. METHODS: Eighteen teas available in Brazilian market were selected for this study (read to drink and brewed tea), and a brand of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis). Each product was analyzed for pH and titratable acidity. For comparison between different kinds of teas, the Student t test was used. RESULTS: The mean pH values for ready to drink teas ranged between 2.89 and 4.03, while for the brewed teas and yerba mate the values ranged between 6.75 and 7.89. The difference between the two groups was significant (p < 0.05). Regarding titratable acidity, the ready to drink teas showed mean values ranging between 3.77 ml and 12.68 ml. Brewed teas (including yerba mate) were not tested for titratable acidity because their pH values were greater than 7.0. CONCLUSION: Among the teas commercially available, ready to drink teas have lower pH values and higher titratable acidity compared to other teas. It suggests that they have an erosive potential.
A rare presentation of multiple talon cusps
Authors: CÂNDIDO-SOARES Lara Eunice , PASSADOR-SANTOS Fabrício , THOMAZ Luiz Alexandre , MAUTONI Mario Claudio , ARAÚJO Vera Cavalcanti de , SOARES Andresa Borges
Published: October 2014

A talon cusp is a relatively rare dental developmental anomaly characterized by the presence of accessory cusp-like structure projecting from the cingulum area or cementoenamel junction. It is frequently found on the palatal surface of the maxillary anterior teeth in the permanent dentition. The etiology is controversial, but it is suggested that this condition has a multifactorial cause, including both genetic and environmental factors. Radiographically talon cusps are radiopaque structures, in which the enamel, dentin and occasionally the pulp can be seen. The alteration is generally asymptomatic, but it may cause clinical problems eventually. Early diagnosis is important to prevent occlusal interference, irritation of the tongue, pulpal necrosis, caries and periodontal alterations. Clinical management of talon cusps may be either conservative or radical, depending on the size and shape of the affected tooth. We report a rare case of talon cusps involving all six maxillary anterior teeth in a 20-year-old patient.
Planning and treatment in oral rehabilitation with implant-supported prostheses using cephalometric analysis
Authors: BORGES Adriana Fonseca , REGO Mariana Ribeiro de Moraes , CORRÊA Alexandre Milton , TORRES Marcelo Ferreira , TELLES Daniel de Moraes , SANTIAGO Luiz Carlos
Published: October 2014

There are growing prosthetic and esthetic demands for Oral Rehabilitations on osseointegratable implants, requiring precise prosthetic-surgical planning. In edentulous patients planning may be done using cephalometric analysis to determine the position of the teeth in the dental prosthesis, and consequently, those of the implants. In this clinical case, the planning and treatment of an oral implant-supported rehabilitation is described, using cephalometry to optimize prosthetic success and patient comfort. The patient presented complete mandibular and partial maxillary edentulism, with unsatisfactory esthetics and function of the anterior teeth, with accentuated vestibular inclination. In order to determine the correct position of maxillary teeth it was necessary to use a Steiner cephalometric tracing to position the maxillary central incisor in the diagnostic wax-up. Therefore, the maxillary anterior teeth were extracted, osseointegratable implants were placed (Neodent(r), Curitiba, Brazil), and an immediate temporary fixed denture was inserted. After 30 days, surgery was performed for the placement of 4 osseointegratable implants (Neodent(r), Curitiba, Brazil) in the inter-mentonian region, on which a complete, temporary, implant-supported denture was placed. After the period of osseointegration, the definitive implant-supported dental prosthesis were fabricated.
Orthodontic and pediatric dental treatment approach in patient with multiple dental anomalies
Authors: SOUZA Ricardo Alves , CARVALHO Alberic Costa , BARRETTO Larissa Passos , SIMÕES Francisco Xavier Paranhos Coêlho
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this clinical case report is to discuss the approach to oral rehabilitation of a patient with severe dental alterations such as enamel hypoplasia, change in shape, supernumerary tooth, dental ankylosis, agnesia and crowing in the incisor region. All of these problems compromised not only the esthetical and functional aspects of this patient, but his social relationships as well. Thus integrated planning between Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics made it possible to provide the best treatment alternative to recover the patient's stomatognathic system. Esthetic restorations were performed in the anterior tooth region with the use of resin composites, in addition to the use of removable orthodontic appliances, associated with serial extractions and supernumerary tooth removal. There were significant improvements in the esthetic and functional aspects of dentition, in addition to the patient demonstrating good evolution in his psychosocial condition, as he smiled and was more communicative during each follow-up appointment, also according to his mother's reports.
Prevalence of repetitive strain injuries/work related musculoskeletal disorders in different specialties of dentists
Authors: DIAS Ana Giselle Aguiar , SILVA Cristiam Velozo da , GALVÃO Neiandro dos Santos
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE: Identify the prevalence of Repetitive Strain Injuries/Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in dentists of different specialties from Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. METHODS: A questionnaire about personal and professional informations and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire, that has questions about movement difficulty, pain symptoms, weakness, stiffness, paresthesia and psychological and sleep impairment related to last week, was given to 200 dentists from Porto Velho city. However, 100 of them gave back the questionnaires appropriately answered within the time limit, consisting of 100 dentists the sample of this study. The collected data was analyzed by simple descriptive statistics and the Spearman nonparametric correlation test was applied between independent variables and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire disabilities measures, considering p<0.05. RESULTS: The questionnaire disability average was "excellent" for the general sample, but it was found statistical correlation between upper disability measurements and two variables: short time in profession (less than ten years) and the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Implantology and Stomatology specialties. CONCLUSION: It is necessary the dentists that are specialists in these areas and the newly graduated ones do a self-assessment and find out if they are neglecting ergonomic standards so they can follow them.
Beyond the discourse of amalgam vs composite resin restorations
Authors: TERADA Raquel Sano Suga , MAIOLINO Rafaella , BARBANA Marlon Diego , COSTA Maria Clara de Melo , DAMASCENO Silvia Maria Rocha Piedade , FUJIMAKI Mitsue
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE: To diagnose the prevalence of amalgam and resin composite restorations performed by professionals in public service and university students in a municipality in the Northeast of the State of Paraná. METHODS: Ten basic health units were randomly selected, at which 500 clinical record charts of patients of both sexes aged from 18 to 50 years were consulted. To analyze the prevalence of restorations performed by students, a questionnaire was applied to 4th and 5th year students, containing questions relative to the number of restorations and type of material using in intramural clinical activities. RESULTS: In the basic health units, 66% of restorations were performed with amalgam, and 34% with resin composite. At the dental school, 4th year students responded that when they were in the 3rd year, out of a total of 367 restorations, 21.5% were performed with amalgam and 78.5% with resin composite. For the 5th year group of students, the percentage of teeth restored with amalgam was 14.3%, 12.0% and10.2%, when they were in the 3rd, 4the and 5th years of the course, respectively. The results obtained revealed that the indication of the restoration material differed in the two scenarios. CONCLUSION: In the basic health units, the majority of restorations were performed with amalgam, whereas at the dental school there was higher prevalence of resin composite restorations. One must reflect whether professional education has adequately developed the necessary competencies for decision making and meeting the needs of this population.
Microhardness in pressing layers of prefabricated modified acrylic resin teeth
Authors: BAPTISTA Ricardo dos Santos , MENDES Gustavo Duarte , MIRANDA Milton Edson , TURSSI Cecilia Pedroso
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microhardness in pressing layers of prefabricated modified acrylic resin teeth. METHODS: Lower first molar teeth with two (Biotone(r) IPN and Bioform(r)) or three pressing layers (Artiplus(r), Trilux(r) Eurovipi, and Natusdent(r)) were hemisected in a bucco-lingual plane and embedded in a self-curing acrylic resin (n =10). Specimens were then ground flat and polished using 400, 600 and 1200 aluminium oxide paper in a rotatory polisher. In each pressing layer, microhardness was measured using a Knoop indenter in three different locations spaced 300 µm apart under a 10-g load, applied for 5 sec. RESULTS: Analysis of variance and Tukey's tests demonstrated that there was no difference in microhardness in the first layer of the teeth analyzed (p = 0.355), whereas in the second layer, the brand Artiplus(r) showed higher values when compared to the brand Natusdent(r) (p = 0.018). For the third layer, the brands Artiplus(r) and Trilux(r) Eurovipi revealed higher microhardness when compared to Natusdent(r) teeth (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: For the outer most superficial layer of the artificial teeth, the microhardness of the different brands was similar, while differences were noted for the second and third layers among the artificial teeth, with Artiplus(r) teeth showing higher microhardness than Natusdent(r).
Different materials and techniques for accurate molding for adaptation in angled implants
Authors: LEANDRO Lisliane Nara Rossi , BRITO JÚNIOR Rui Barbosa de , TEIXEIRA Marcelo Lucchesi , TURANO Luiz Martins , CUNHA Luciana Jardini da
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the marginal misfit between intermediate and micro-unitmetal cylinder, by varying the angle of the implants, using two different types of material and different molding techniques. METHODS: A model was made with three implants (one perpendicular to the horizontal plane and two inclined) using micro-unit intermediates. A rod attached to the master model served as a control condition to evaluate the suitability of the twenty specimens, carried out with the help of an optical stereomicroscope (Pantec, Brazil; Materials Testing Laboratory, São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo). RESULTS: Evaluator reliability was assessed using theIntraclass Correlation Coefficient, obtaining 99.6% (excellent). There were significant differences between groups, and the Mann-Whitney test compared groups in pairs for a more accurate result. CONCLUSION: The group which presented the best behavior was open tray and condensation silicone and the worst result, that needed to be cast several times, was closed tray and condensation silicone.
Relative area measurement of maxillary sinus by computed tomography
Authors: OLIVEIRA Ronaldo Andrade Figueiredo de , PEDRAZINI Maria Cristina , WASSALL Thomaz
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative area of the maxillary sinus in edentulous posterior maxilla with regard to linear area, bone septa and sinus pathologies. METHODS: A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted of tomographic exams in 60 individuals between 35 and 75 years of age, with the inclusion criteria being the uni- or bilateral edentulous posterior maxilla. Measurements were taken by the program in 101 maxillary sinuses. The horizontal and vertical measurements of each sinus were multiplied and resulted in a linear area in mm2. RESULTS: Of the 101 maxillary sinuses evaluated, 14 presented sinus pathologies (13.86%) and 22 (21.78%) with bone septa. The mean mesio distal distance was 38.4 mm (p ≤ 0.05), mean height 34. 5 mm (p ≤ 0.05) and mean linear area of 1335.88 mm² (p = 0.05). The Student's-t and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were applied for statistical analysis There were no statistically significant difference in the height and width of the edentulous maxillary sinuses between genders, but there was a variation in the linear area and the finding of the presence of bone septa and sinus pathologies. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study corroborates those of previous study about the need for imaging exams with the purpose of obtaining information about the dimensions of the maxillary sinus, as guidance with regard to the quantity of graft material, choice of donor region, and presence of septa. These data serve as guidance in the sinus lift technique and the presence of sinus pathologies, which involve treatment before bone graft surgeries.
The use of bisphosphonates does not contraindicate orthodontic and other types of treatment!
Authors: Consolaro Alberto
Published: October 2014

Bisphosphonates have been increasingly used not only to treat bone diseases as well as conditions such as osteopenia and osteoporosis, but also in oncotherapy. The use of bisphosphonates induces clinicians to fear and care. These reactions are associated with controversy resulting from lack of in-depth knowledge on the mechanisms of action as well as lack of a more accurate assessment of side effects. Scientific and clinical knowledge disclosure greatly contributes to professionals' discernment and inner balance, especially orthodontists. Fear does not lead to awareness. For these reasons, we present an article that focuses on that matter. This article was adapted from different journals of different dental specialties, as mentioned on footnote. There is no scientific evidence demonstrating that bisphosphonates are directly involved with etiopathogenic mechanisms of osteonecrosis and jaw osteomyelitis. Their use is contraindicated and limited in cases of dental treatment involving bone tissue. Nevertheless, such fact is based on professional opinion, case reports, and personal experience or experiment trials with failing methods. Additional studies will always be necessary; however, in-depth knowledge on bone biology is of paramount importance to offer an opinion about the clinical use of bisphosphonates and their further implications. Based on bone biopathology, this article aims at contributing to lay the groundwork for this matter.
How sample size influences research outcomes
Authors: Faber Jorge , Fonseca Lilian Martins
Published: October 2014

Sample size calculation is part of the early stages of conducting an epidemiological, clinical or lab study. In preparing a scientific paper, there are ethical and methodological indications for its use. Two investigations conducted with the same methodology and achieving equivalent results, but different only in terms of sample size, may point the researcher in different directions when it comes to making clinical decisions. Therefore, ideally, samples should not be small and, contrary to what one might think, should not be excessive. The aim of this paper is to discuss in clinical language the main implications of the sample size when interpreting a study.
Influence of initial occlusal severity on time and efficiency of Class I malocclusion treatment carried out with and without premolar extractions
Authors: Leon-Salazar Ruben , Janson Guilherme , Henriques José Fernando Castanha , Leon-Salazar Vladimir
Published: October 2014

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the occlusal outcomes, duration and efficiency of Class I malocclusion treatment carried out with and without premolar extractions in patients with different degrees of initial malocclusion severity. METHODS: Complete records of 111 patients were obtained and divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of 65 patients at an initial mean age of 13.82 years old treated with four premolar extractions; whereas Group 2 consisted of 46 patients at an initial mean age of 14.01 years old treated without extractions. Two subgroups were obtained from each group (1A, 1B, 2A and 2B) with different degrees of malocclusion severity according to the initial values of PAR index. Compatibility was assessed using chi-square and t-tests. The subgroups were compared by means of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).The variables that might be related to treatment duration and efficiency were assessed using the multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Initial malocclusion severity was positively related to the amount of occlusal correction and consequently to a higher efficiency index. Moreover, extraction protocol showed a positive relationship with treatment duration and a negative relationship with treatment efficiency. CONCLUSION: Extraction and non-extraction protocols for correction of Class I malocclusion provide similar satisfactory results; however, the extraction protocol increases the overall treatment duration. Orthodontic treatment is more efficient in cases with high initial malocclusion severity treated with a non-extraction protocol.
Comparative study of dental cephalometric patterns of Japanese-Brazilian, Caucasian and Mongoloid patients
Authors: Sathler Renata , Pinzan Arnaldo , Fernandes Thais Maria Freire , Almeida Renato Rodrigues de , Henriques José Fernando Castanha
Published: October 2014

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to identify the patterns of dental variables of adolescent Japanese-Brazilian descents with normal occlusion, and also to compare them with a similar Caucasian and Mongoloid sample. METHODS: Lateral cephalometric radiographs were used to compare the groups: Caucasian (n = 40), Japanese-Brazilian (n = 32) and Mongoloid (n = 33). The statistical tests used were one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA. The cephalometric measurements used followed the analyses of Steiner, Tweed and McNamara Jr. RESULTS: Statistical differences (P < 0.05) indicated a smaller interincisal angle and overbite for the Japanese-Brazilian sample, when compared to the Caucasian sample, although with similar values to the Mongoloid group. CONCLUSION: The dental patterns found for the Japanese-Brazilian descents were, in general, more similar to those of the Mongoloid sample.
Skeletal maturation in individuals with Down's syndrome: Comparison between PGS curve, cervical vertebrae and bones of the hand and wrist
Authors: Carinhena Glauber , Siqueira Danilo Furquim , Sannomiya Eduardo Kazuo
Published: October 2014

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted with the aim of adapting the methods developed by Martins and Sakima to assess skeletal maturation by cervical vertebrae in the pubertal growth spurt (PGS) curve. It also aimed to test the reliability and agreement between those methods and the method of hand and wrist radiograph when compared two by two and all together. METHODS: The sample comprised 72 radiographs, with 36 lateral radiographs of the head and 36 hand-wrist radiographs of 36 subjects with Down's syndrome (DS), 13 female and 23 male, aged between 8 years and 6 months and 18 years and 7 months, with an average age of 13 years and 10 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Results revealed that adapting the methods developed by Martins and Sakima to assess skeletal maturation by cervical vertebrae in the curve of PGS is practical and useful in determining the stage of growth and development of individuals. The stages of maturation evaluated by cervical vertebrae and ossification centers observed in radiographs of the hand and wrist were considered reliable, with excellent level of agreement between the methods by Hassel and Farman as well as Baccetti, Franchi and McNamara Jr and Martins and Sakima. Additionally, results revealed an agreement that ranged between reasonable to good for the three methods used to assess the skeletal maturation, showing statistical significance.
Three-dimensional dental arch changes of patients submitted to orthodontic-surgical treatment for correction of Class II malocclusion
Authors: Peixoto Adriano Porto , Pinto Ary dos Santos , Garib Daniela Gamba , Gonçalves João Roberto
Published: October 2014

INTRODUCTION: This study assessed the three-dimensional changes in the dental arch of patients submitted to orthodontic-surgical treatment for correction of Class II malocclusions at three different periods. METHODS: Landmarks previously identified on upper and lower dental casts were digitized on a three-dimensional digitizer MicroScribe-3DX and stored in Excel worksheets in order to assess the width, length and depth of patient's dental arches. RESULTS: During orthodontic preparation, the maxillary and mandibular transverse dimensions measured at the premolar regions were increased and maintained throughout the follow-up period. Intercanine width was increased only in the upper arch during orthodontic preparation. Maxillary arch length was reduced during orthodontic finalization, only. Upper and lower arch depths were stable in the study periods. Differences between centroid and gingival changes suggested that upper and lower arch premolars buccaly proclined during the pre-surgical period. CONCLUSIONS: Maxillary and mandibular dental arches presented transverse expansion at premolar regions during preoperative orthodontic preparation, with a tendency towards buccal tipping. The transverse dimensions were not altered after surgery. No sagittal or vertical changes were observed during the follow-up periods.
Lateral cephalometric diagnosis of asymmetry in Angle Class II subdivision compared to Class I and II
Authors: Meloti Aparecida Fernanda , Gonçalves Renata de Cássia , Silva Ertty , Martins Lídia Parsekian , Santos-Pinto Ary dos
Published: October 2014

INTRODUCTION: Lateral cephalometric radiographs are traditionally required for orthodontic treatment, yet rarely used to assess asymmetries. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to use lateral cephalometric radiographs to identify existing skeletal and dentoalveolar morphological alterations in Class II subdivision and to compare them with the existing morphology in Class I and II relationship. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety initial lateral cephalometric radiographs of male and female Brazilian children aged between 12 to 15 years old were randomly and proportionally divided into three groups: Group 1 (Class I), Group 2 (Class II) and Group 3 (Class II subdivision). Analysis of lateral cephalometric radiographs included angular measurements, horizontal linear measurements and two indexes of asymmetry that were prepared for this study. RESULTS: In accordance with an Index of Dental Asymmetry (IDA), greater mandibular dental asymmetry was identified in Group 3. An Index of Mandibular Asymmetry (IMA) revealed less skeletal and dental mandibular asymmetry in Group 2, greater skeletal mandibular asymmetry in Group 1, and greater mandibular dental asymmetry in Group 3. CONCLUSION: Both IDA and IMA revealed greater mandibular dental asymmetry for Group 3 in comparison to Groups 1 and 2. These results are in accordance with those found by other diagnostic methods, showing that lateral cephalometric radiography is an acceptable method to identify existing skeletal and dentoalveolar morphological alterations in malocclusions.
Effectiveness of orofacial myofunctional therapy in orthodontic patients: A systematic review
Authors: Homem Márcio Alexandre , Vieira-Andrade Raquel Gonçalves , Falci Saulo Gabriel Moreira , Ramos-Jorge Maria Letícia , Marques Leandro Silva
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present systematic review was to determine the existence of scientific evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) as an adjuvant to orthodontic treatment in individuals with orofacial disorders. A further aim was to assess the methodological quality of the studies included in the review. METHODS: An electronic search was performed in eight databases (Medline, BBO, LILACS, Web of Science, EMBASE, BIREME, Cochrane Library and SciELO) for papers published between January 1965 and March 2011, with no language restrictions. Selection of articles and data extraction were performed by two independent researchers. The quality of the selected articles was also assessed. RESULTS: Search strategy resulted in the retrieval of 355 publications, only four of which fulfilled the eligibility criteria and qualified for final analysis. All papers selected had a high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present systematic review demonstrate the scarcity of consistent studies and scientific evidence supporting the use of OMT in combination with orthodontic treatment to achieve better results in the correction of dentofacial disorders in individuals with orofacial abnormalities.
Tooth-size discrepancy: A comparison between manual and digital methods
Authors: Correia Gabriele Dória Cabral , Habib Fernando Antonio Lima , Vogel Carlos Jorge
Published: October 2014

INTRODUCTION: Technological advances in Dentistry have emerged primarily in the area of diagnostic tools. One example is the 3D scanner, which can transform plaster models into three-dimensional digital models. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the reliability of tooth size-arch length discrepancy analysis measurements performed on three-dimensional digital models, and compare these measurements with those obtained from plaster models. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To this end, plaster models of lower dental arches and their corresponding three-dimensional digital models acquired with a 3Shape R700T scanner were used. All of them had lower permanent dentition. Four different tooth size-arch length discrepancy calculations were performed on each model, two of which by manual methods using calipers and brass wire, and two by digital methods using linear measurements and parabolas. RESULTS: Data were statistically assessed using Friedman test and no statistically significant differences were found between the two methods (P > 0.05), except for values found by the linear digital method which revealed a slight, non-significant statistical difference. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, it is reasonable to assert that any of these resources used by orthodontists to clinically assess tooth size-arch length discrepancy can be considered reliable.
In vitro study of color stability of polycrystalline and monocrystalline ceramic brackets
Authors: Oliveira Cibele Braga de , Maia Luiz Guilherme Martins , Santos-Pinto Ary , Gandini Júnior Luiz Gonzaga
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze color stability of monocrystalline and polycrystalline ceramic brackets after immersion in dye solutions. METHODS: Seven ceramic brackets of four commercial brands were tested: Two monocrystalline and two polycrystalline. The brackets were immersed in four dye solutions (coffee, red wine, Coke and black tea) and in artificial saliva for the following times: 24 hours, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. Color changes were measured by a spectrophotometer. Data were assessed by Multivariate Profile Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multiple Comparison Tests of means. RESULTS: There was a perceptible change of color in all ceramic brackets immersed in coffee (ΔE* Allure = 7.61, Inspire Ice = 6.09, Radiance = 6.69, Transcend = 7.44), black tea (ΔE* Allure = 6.24, Inspire Ice = 5.21, Radiance = 6.51, Transcend = 6.14) and red wine (ΔE* Allure = 6.49, Inspire Ice = 4.76, Radiance = 5.19, Transcend = 5.64), but no change was noticed in Coke and artificial saliva (ΔE < 3.7). CONCLUSION: Ceramic brackets undergo color change when exposed to solutions of coffee, black tea and red wine. However, the same crystalline structure, either monocrystalline or polycrystalline, do not follow the same or a similar pattern in color change, varying according to the bracket fabrication, which shows a lack of standardization in the manufacturing process. Coffee dye produced the most marked color changes after 21 days of immersion for most ceramic brackets evaluated.
Two-phase treatment of patients with crossbite and tendency toward skeletal Class III malocclusion
Authors: Bayerl Maria de Lourdes Machado
Published: October 2014

Angle Class III malocclusion is characterized by an inadequate anteroposterior dental relationship which may or may not be accompanied by skeletal changes. In general, patients are distressed by a significantly compromised facial aspect which, when associated with a deficient middle third, encourages patients to seek treatment. This article reports a two-phase treatment carried out in a female patient aged six years and six months with a tendency towards a Class III skeletal pattern. This case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics (BBO). It is representative of the Discrepancy Index (DI) category, and fulfills part of the requirements for obtaining BBO Diploma.
10 commandments of smile esthetics
Authors: Machado Andre Wilson
Published: October 2014

The search for esthetic treatment has persisted in the routine of dental professionals. Following this trend, dental patients have sought treatment with the primary aim of improving smile esthetics. The aim of this article is to present a protocol to assess patient's smile: The 10 Commandments of smile esthetics.