bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the color stability of 3D-printed resins against various solutions
Authors: Shishehian Arash , Firouz Farnaz , Khazaee Sara , Rajabi Hossein , Farhadian Maryam , Niaghiha Fatemeh
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different solutions on the optical behavior of two types of 3D-printed resin (Detax and Asiga). The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups of cola, orange juice, tea and artificial saliva (control group) in the form of 14 x 10 mm blocks with a thickness of 1.5 ± 0.3 mm (10 samples in each group). By spectrophotometric device, the color of the examined samples was recorded in the CIE system and in three parameters *L (brightness), a* (red-green) and b* (blue-yellow) as the initial record. The color difference of the samples was recorded on 7 and 30 days after immersion as a secondary record. After that, using the formula, the color difference (ΔE) were calculated. T-test also was used to analyze the data. There was no significant difference between the amount of ΔE on 7th and 30th days after exposure to artificial saliva and cola and on 7th days after exposure to orange juice and tea. But on the 30th day, a significant difference was found in orange juice and tea drinks (p<0.05), so that the value of ΔE in Asiga printer was lower than Detax. ΔE changes in orange juice solution were more than other drinks. On the 30th day of immersion in tea drinks and orange juice, Asiga printer had significantly less color difference than Detax printer.
Spatiotemporal distribution and geostatistically interpolated mapping of the melioidosis risk in an endemic zone in Thailand
Authors: Wongbutdee Jaruwan , Jittimanee Jutharat , Saengnill Wacharapong
Published: July 2023

Melioidosis, a bacterial, infectious disease contracted from contaminated soil or water, is a public health problem identified in tropical regions and endemic several regions of Thailand. Surveillance and prevention are important for determining its distribution patterns and mapping its risk, which have been analysed in the present study. Case reports in Thailand were collected from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020. Spatial autocorrelation was analyzed using Moran’s I and univariate local Moran’s I. Spatial point data of melioidosis incidence were calculated, with riskmapping interpolation performed by Kriging. It was highest in 2016, at 32.37 cases per 100,000 people, and lowest in 2020, at 10.83 cases per 100,000 people. General observations revealed that its incidence decreased slightly from 2016 to 2018 and drastically in 2019 and 2020. The Moran’s I values for melioidosis incidence exhibited a random spatial pattern in 2016 and clustered distribution from 2017 to 2020. The risk and variance maps show interval values. These findings may contribute to the monitoring and surveillance of melioidosis outbreaks.
Underdiagnosis of silicosis revealed by reinterpretation of chest radiographs in Thai ceramic workers
Authors: Chansaengpetch Supakorn , Dumavibhat Narongpon , Kaewlai Rathachai , Jaroonpipatkul Apinut , Virojskulchai Tirathat , Bunman Sitthiphon , Khantharot Kawintra , Pholngam Arunee , Thanakunchai Thanabadee
Published: July 2023

Background: In Thailand, epidemiological data on silicosis in the ceramic sector is lacking and the underdiagnosis of silicosis remains an extensive concern. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of silicosis and the extent of underdiagnosis among Thai ceramic workers by reinterpreting chest radiographs previously taken by a health check-up unit.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on ceramic workers undergoing health surveillance using chest radiographs in one ceramic factory in September 2018. All chest radiographs were done retrospectively, then were reinterpreted by professional readers specially trained in using the ILO International Classification of Radiograph of Pneumoconioses (ILO/ICRP). Chest radiographs with a profusion of 1/1 or greater were suggestive of silicosis.Results: Out of the 244 participants undergoing chest radiography, the prevalence of silicosis was 2.9%. Overall, the mean age of the participants was 41 years, and 72.1% were female. Among individuals with silicosis, the median age was 43 years; 71.4% were male; the average employment duration was 26.9 years; while the male sex was the significant variable associated with silicosis with an odds ratio of 7.01 (95% confidence interval 1.31 to 37.4). Regarding the underdiagnosis, the health check-up unit failed to recognize all individuals with silicosis, and could not detect any radiographic chest abnormalities in 57.1% of those with silicosis.Conclusions: Despite the low prevalence of silicosis among Thai ceramic workers, this finding indicates ongoing exposure to silica in the ceramic industry. In addition, a significant proportion of the silicosis cases were underrecognized. Future efforts to prevent underdiagnosis and improve an occupational health surveillance service in Thailand are needed.
Screening Test for Evaluation of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Mok Ji-Oh , Jung Chan-Hee
Published: July 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) per se confers a two-fold excess risk of vascular outcomes, but the risk is subject to wide variation depending on the population and contemporary prophylactic medical therapy. Although patients with DM have a high rate of asymptomatic coronary heart disease (CHD), routine screening for CHD has not been shown to improve clinical outcomes in asymptomatic DM patients being treated with intensive medical therapy for cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, professional societies do not recommend routine screening for CHD in asymptomatic patients. However, they recommend additional imaging such as coronary calcium score or carotid ultrasonography to provide risk reclassification and reason for treatment intensification. In this review, we provide recent guidelines regarding screening for cardiovascular disease in asymptomatic DM patients and updated the discussion of the role of electrocardiography, coronary calcium score, and carotid ultrasonography.
Assessment and Diagnosis of Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Chung Seung Min , Moon Jun Sung
Published: July 2023

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a chronic circulatory condition that occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the legs and feet are narrowed or blocked, leading to reduced blood flow to these areas. PAD is a common complication of type 2 diabetes, affecting up to 1 in 3 individuals with the condition. Assessment of PAD in individuals with diabetes typically involves a physical exam, ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement, and imaging tests such as Doppler ultrasound or angiography. The ABI is a noninvasive measure that compares the blood pressure in the ankles and arms, with a lower ABI indicating a higher risk of PAD. Management of PAD in type 2 diabetes involves a multifaceted approach, including lifestyle modifications, medication, and revascularization procedures. Lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation and regular exercise can improve PAD symptoms and reduce the risk of disease progression. Medications such as antiplatelet agents, statins, and blood pressure-lowering drugs help to manage PAD and its associated risk factors. Revascularization procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery may be necessary in severe cases of PAD to restore blood flow to the affected limbs. In addition, these procedures should be considered in the feet of patients with diabetes if there is evidence of ischemia. Early detection and management of PAD in type 2 diabetes are critical to preventing complications such as non-healing wounds, infections, and amputations. Individuals with type 2 diabetes should undergo regular screening for PAD and work with their healthcare providers to develop a personalized treatment plan.
The eyes see what the mind knows – Interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bansal Rolika , Honavar Santosh G , Varma Ravi , Talloju Shiva Shankar
Published: July 2023

Background:

In 1978, the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was a remarkable volte-face in the world of diagnostics. Employing the phenomenon of nuclear resonance enables us to exploit the properties of differential protons in living tissues. The ability of providing higher and variable contrast and the absence of ionizing radiations make it superior to computed tomography. Being the diagnostic tool of choice, it is an indispensable part of assessment of the location and characteristics of different ocular and orbital pathologies (vascular, inflammatory, and neoplastic).

Purpose:

The intrinsic and extrinsic properties of MRI provide multi-parametric imaging, making it of paramount importance in ophthalmological evaluation. Also, MRI-dynamic color mapping provides non-invasive and quantitative assessment of soft tissues in motion. An in-depth knowledge of the basic principle and technique of MRI aids in diagnosing as well optimal planning of surgical interventions.

Synopsis:

In this video, we shall be displaying the anatomical, clinical, and radiological aspects of MRI with an overlap to make it easier to understand the implications of this miraculous invention.

Highlights:

A good understanding of MRI analysis makes the ophthalmologists independent and helps in ruling out the differential diagnoses, exact extent and invasion, precise surgical planning and therefore, avoiding tragic outcomes. This video is an attempt to simplify and emphasize on the importance of MRI interpretation for an ophthalmologist.

Video link:
https://youtu.be/r5dNo4kaH8o

Key words: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI in Ophthalmology, Radiology in Ophthalmology
Plaque brachytherapy – Radiating positivity
Authors: Bansal Rolika , Honavar Santosh G , Reddy Vijay Anand P , Talloju Shiva Shankar
Published: July 2023

Background:

Plaque brachytherapy is an evolving, yet effective globe and vision-sparing modality for the treatment of intraocular tumors by transscleral irradiation of the tumor base with a radioactive implant. The American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) along with the collaboration of the international multicenter Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force (OOTF) was assembled to reach a consensus regarding establishing practice guidelines and setting standards of care for intraocular tumors. The advent of plaque brachytherapy has revolutionized the outcomes of intraocular tumors, thus ensuring globe salvage, reducing morbidity and mortality, and avoiding cosmetic disfigurement. A well-planned dosimetry for plaque brachytherapy results in achieving local tumor control and excellent prognosis.

Purpose:

This technique provides the advantage of focal radiation, thus eliminating the damage to the adjacent structures, minimal periorbital tissue damage, absence of cosmetic disfigurement owing to lack of retarded bone growth as seen in external beam radiotherapy. Thus, it reduces the risk of metastasis, and with the recent advances, it provides a shorter duration of treatment.

Synopsis:

In this video, we shall display the concept of plaque brachytherapy, the various types of plaques available, different radiations sources, planning dosimetry and calculations, target disease spectrum, surgical placement, and post-radiation outcomes in terms of local tumor control and prognosis.

Highlights:

This video highlights the history, basic principles and techniques of plaque brachytherapy and provides an understanding of its applications in the world of ocular oncology.

Video link:
https://youtu.be/7PX0mDQETRY

Key words: Conjunctival tumors, intra-ocular tumors, plaque brachytherapy
Anthropometry of deep-set eyes with respect to difficulty in docking during femtosecond laser procedures
Authors: Khokhar Sudarshan , Rani Deeksha , Rathod Aishwarya , Nathiya Venkatesh , Nayak Shreya , Pujari Amar , Kumar Saumya , Sharma Tushar
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To identify the facial anthropometric parameters that predict the difficulty during femtosecond (FS) laser.

Methods:

This was a single-center observational study was conducted on participants between the ages 18 and 30 years who were planned for FS-LASIK (femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis) or SMILE (small incision lenticule extraction) at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India. The front and side-facing images of the participants were analyzed using Image J software to measure different anthropometric parameters. The nasal bridge index, facial convexity, and other parameters were measured. The difficulty faced by the surgeon during docking was recorded for each subject. The data were analyzed on Stata 14.

Results:

A total of 97 subjects were included. The mean age was 24 (±7) years. Twenty-three (23.71%) subjects were females while the rest were males. Difficulty in docking was seen in 1 (4.34%) female and 14 (19%) males. The mean nasal bridge index was 92.58 (±4.01) in subjects with deep-set eyes and 89.72 (±4.30) in normal subjects. The mean total facial convexity was 129.28 (±4.24) in deep-set eyes, and 140.23 (±4.74) in normal subjects.

Conclusion:

Total facial convexity appeared as the most important feature, with the value being less than 133° in most subjects with unfavorable facial anthropometry.
Comparative study of small incision refractive lenticule extraction with 5 mm versus 6.5 mm optic zone for myopia
Authors: Ladi Jeevan S , Gaikwad Anita , Shah Nitant A
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To compare residual stromal thickness (RST) in eyes undergoing small incision refractive lenticule extraction (SMILE) using a lenticular diameter of 6.5 mm versus those with a diameter of 5 mm.

Methods:

In this retrospective comparative case series, consecutive patients who underwent SMILE between 2016 and 2021 with at least 6 months of follow-up were included. Preoperative best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), refractive error, contrast sensitivity, central corneal thickness, keratometry, higher order aberrations, and scotopic pupil size were recorded using a Placido disk topography with Sheimpflug tomography-based system. Patients underwent SMILE with a lenticular diameter of 6.5 mm until 2018 (n = 372 eyes). Thereafter, the lenticular diameter was reduced to 5 mm (n = 318). The RST, postoperative refraction, aberrations, subjective glare, and halos were compared across groups at 1 and 6 months.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 26.8 ± 5.8 years with a mean preoperative spherical equivalent of −4.48 D ± 2.16 D (range: −0.75 to −12.25 D) and mean scotopic pupil of 3.7 ± 0.75 mm. Eyes in the 5 mm group had 30.6 m (95% confidence interval [CI] = 28 to 33 m, P < 0.001) greater RST compared to the 6.5 mm group after adjusting for spherical equivalent and preoperative pachymetry. There were no differences in vision, contrast sensitivity, aberrations (wavefront error of 0.19 ± 0.2 vs. 0.25 ± 0.2, P = 0.19) or glare between the two groups.

Conclusion:

SMILE performed with a lenticular diameter of 5 mm leads to greater RST across the myopic range, but without inducing significant higher-order aberrations.
Clinical profile and demographic distribution of pseudoexfoliation syndrome: An electronic medical record-driven big data analytics from an eye care network in India
Authors: Warjri Gazella Bruce , Das Anthony Vipin , Senthil Sirisha
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To describe the demographics and clinical profile of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF or PES) in patients presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India.

Methods:

This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 3,082,727 new patients presenting between August 2010 and December 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of PXF in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system.

Results:

Overall, 23,223 (0.75%) patients were diagnosed with PXF. The majority of the patients were male (67.08%) and had unilateral (60.96%) affliction. The most common age group at presentation was during the seventh decade of life with 9,495 (40.89%) patients. The overall prevalence was higher in patients from a lower socio-economic status (1.48%) presenting from the urban geography (0.84%) and in retired individuals (3.61%). The most common location of the PXF material was the pupillary margin (81.01%) followed by the iris (19.15%). The majority of the eyes had mild or no visual impairment (<20/70) in 12,962 (40.14%) eyes. PXF glaucoma was documented in 7,954 (24.63%) eyes. Krukenberg’s spindle was found in 64 (0.20%) eyes, phacodonesis in 328 (1.02%) eyes, and lens subluxation in 299 (0.93%) eyes. Among the surgical interventions, cataract surgery was performed in 8,363 (25.9%) eyes, trabeculectomy was performed in 966 (2.99%) eyes, and a combined procedure in 822 (2.55%) eyes.

Conclusion:

PXF more commonly affects males presenting during the seventh decade of life from lower socio-economic status and is predominantly unilateral. A quarter of the affected eyes are associated with glaucoma and the majority of the eyes have mild or no visual impairment.
Characteristics of tear meniscus using a spectral domain optical coherence tomography in medically controlled glaucoma
Authors: Dutta Pritam , Kalita Pronob , Bardoloi Narayan
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To compare the tear meniscus height (TMH) and tear meniscus depth (TMD) between medically controlled glaucoma subjects and age-matched controls.

Methods:

This prospective, cross-sectional, observational study included 50 patients with medically controlled glaucoma and 50 age-matched controls. Glaucoma subjects using topical medications for the duration of more than 1 year were included. The age-matched controls were participants with no history of glaucoma, dry eye, or any other diseases affecting the ocular surface. All the participants underwent TMH and TMD scan using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), which was followed by ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire administration.

Results:

The mean ages of glaucoma subjects and age-matched controls were 40 ± 22 and 39 ± 21 years, respectively (P > 0.05). Of them, 40% (n = 22) were on single drug therapy or monotherapy and 60% (n = 28) were on multidrug therapy. TMH and TMD of glaucoma subjects and age-matched controls were 101.27 ± 31.86 versus 230.63 ± 49.82 μm and 70.60 ± 27.41 versus 167.37 ± 57.06 μm, respectively. Subjects on multidrug therapy showed a statistically significant reduction in TMH and TMD when compared to age-matched controls.

Conclusion:

Preservative containing topical glaucoma medications affects the ocular surface, including the tear film. The prolonged duration and multiple combination of this drug usage serve as potential factors for causing reduction in the tear meniscus levels leading to drug-induced dryness.
Occurrence and subsequent development of vertical deviations in patients treated surgically for infantile esotropia
Authors: Sharma Manasvini , Ganjoo Sharika , Ganesh Suma
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the onset of dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) and inferior oblique overaction (IOOA), their subsequent development, and their correlation with pre and postoperative parameters.

Methods:

Medical records of patients with infantile esotropia who underwent surgery between 2005 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. DVD and IOOA were measured before and after surgery. Patients were divided into two groups based on horizontal and vertical deviation at the time of presentation: those with infantile esotropia only (group A) and patients with infantile esotropia who developed vertical deviation (group B).

Results:

Out of a total of 102 patients, DVD occurrence was seen in 53 patients (51.9%) and IOOA was seen in 50 patients (48.04%). DVD was seen in 22 patients at the time of initial examination and in 31 patients postoperatively. IOOA at presentation was seen in 45 patients (44.1%) and 5 patients (8.8%) postoperatively. No statistical difference was found in the age of surgery, angle of deviation, mean follow-up, and mean refractive error within both groups. The postoperative motor outcome was statistically comparable between the two groups (P = 0.29). Sensory outcomes of fusion (P = 0.048) and stereopsis (P-value = 0.00063) were better in group A.

Conclusion:

No correlation was found between the age of occurrence and development of vertical deviation with refractive error, angle of deviation, age, or type of surgery. We found that motor outcomes are not affected but sensory outcomes are affected in patients with vertical deviations. This indicates that DVD and IOOA are developed due to inherent disruption of fusion and stereopsis.
4-Flanged intrascleral fixation of an intraocular lens through the dialing hole
Authors: Vivekanandan Vellam R , Nachiappan Sivagami , Benzy Merlin , Odayappan Annamalai , Venkatesh Rengaraj
Published: July 2023

The high prevalence of mature, hypermature, and traumatic cataracts in developing countries, combined with the limited availability of surgical resources and skill by anterior segment surgeons to manage the resultant aphakia, leaves the patient needlessly blind. Relying on posterior segment surgeons, expensive surgical setup, and appropriate lenses for aphakia management limits the number of patients receiving a secondary intraocular lens (IOL). Utilizing the well-acknowledged flanging technique and the readily available polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) lenses with dialing holes in their optic, a hammock can be created through the dialing holes using a 7-0 polypropylene suture on a straight needle. This 4-flanged scleral fixation through the dialing hole of an IOL makes scleral fixation of PMMA lens possible by even anterior segment surgeons without requiring any specialized equipment or scleral fixated lens with eyelet. This technique was successfully performed in a series of 103 cases with no incidence of IOL decentration.
Case series of central retinal artery occlusion in COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis
Authors: Kamath Gurudutt M , Jeganathan Sangeetha , Salim Sreelakshmi , Antony Reeja Mariam , Kamath Ajay R , Hiran Harshitha
Published: July 2023

Rhino orbital Mucormycosis caused by filamentous fungus of mucoraceae family was considered a rare disease affecting immunocompromised and diabetics with ketoacidosis until the recent COVID 19 pandemic. We are presenting a series of six cases of Rhino orbital cerebral Mucormycosis with central retinal artery occlusion. All six cases had common history of COVID 19 infection in recent past with sinusitis, proptosis and total ophthalmoplegia with central retinal artery occlusion on presentation. MR imaging showed invasive pan sinusitis with orbital and cerebral involvement. Urgent debridement was done and histopathological examination showed broad, filamentous aseptate fungi suggestive of Mucormycosis. All patients inspite of intravenous Amphotericin B with local debridement did not show any improvement and expired within a week of presentation. Hence our study shows poor prognosis of post covid 19 associated Mucormycosis with central retinal artery occlusion.
Efficacy of low-vision devices in elderly population with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Singh Kirti , Singh Arshi , Chaudury Priyanka , Jain Divya
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of blindness, residual damage to macular area in spite of treatment necessitates visual rehabilitation by means of low-vision aids (LVAs).

Methods:

Thirty patients suffering from different stages of AMD requiring LVAs were included in this prospective study. Patients with nonprogressive, adequately treated AMD were enrolled over a 12-month period, prescribed requisite LVAs and followed-up for a minimum 1-month period. Before and after provision of LVAs, near work efficiencies were evaluated by calculating reading speed as words per minute (wpm) under both photopic and mesopic light conditions, and impact of poor vision on activities of daily living (ADL) was quantified by modified standard questionnaire based on Nhung X et al. questionnaire.

Results:

Of the 30 patients mean studied with mean age of 68 ± 10 years, 20 patients (66.7%) had dry AMD in better eye and 10 (33.3%) had wet AMD. Post-LVA, near visual acuity improved significantly and all cases were able to read some letters on near vision chart with an average improvement of 2.4 ± 0.96 lines. The different LVAs prescribed were high plus reading spectacles (up to 10 D) in 23.3%, hand-held magnifiers in 53.3%, base in prisms in 10%, stand held magnifiers in 6.7%, and bar and dome magnifiers in 3.3%.

Conclusion:

LVAs are effective in visual rehabilitation in patients with AMD. Self-reported reduction in visual dependency and improvement in vision-related quality of life post use of aids corroborated perceived benefit.
Intra-operative optical coherence tomography in corneal lamellar graft reinforcement for Boston type I keratoprosthesis corneal melt
Authors: Zeng Liangbo , Chen Miao , Lin Lixia , Zhai Jiajie , Chen Jiaqi , Gu Jianjun
Published: July 2023

Corneal melt is a sight-threatening complication of Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro). Severe corneal melt may result in hypotony, choroidal hemorrhage, and even spontaneous extrusion of the KPro, which may lead to a poor visual prognosis. Lamellar keratoplasty is one surgical option for the management of mild corneal melt, especially when a new KPro is not available. Herein, we present a new surgical technique application, intra-operative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) for the management of cornea graft melt after Boston type 1 KPro implantation. The visual acuity and the intra-ocular maintained stable at 6 months post-operatively, and the KPro remained in place without corneal melting, epithelial ingrowth, or infection. iOCT may prove to be a real-time, non-invasive, and accurate treatment for corneal lamellar dissection and suturing beneath the anterior plate of the KPro, which can effectively help the surgeon to make surgical decisions and reduce post-operative complications.
Prevalence of and Work-Related Factors Associated with Sickness Presenteeism among Nursing Care Providers in Selected Tertiary Hospitals in Bangalore City: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Varghese Suman S. , Gnanaselvam Nancy A. , Joseph Bobby
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

Sickness presenteeism is a phenomenon where “workers go to work when ill.” The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of and work-related factors associated with presenteeism among nursing care providers in selected tertiary hospitals in Bangalore city.

Methodology:

Participants were selected using stratified sampling followed by simple random sampling. A questionnaire was designed to capture socio-demographic information, sickness-related behavior, performance-based self-esteem (PBSE), and selected work-related characteristics.

Results:

A total of 357 participants were enrolled in the study, 274 were staff nurses (S/N) and 83 were nursing assistants (N/A). About 75% of the participants reported presenteeism at least once in the last year, two-fifths did so in the last 4 weeks and nearly 15% were sick on the day of the interview. The mean Stanford Sickness Presenteeism Scale-6 score was 18.49 ± 3.84. The most frequent reason for presenteeism was “perceived mildness of the disease.” In bivariate analysis, those who were younger, male, had children, higher qualifications, chronic ailment/s, financial commitments, lesser work experience, and higher PBSE had higher presenteeism scores. When introduced into a linear regression model, those S/N who had children [Standardized coefficient = 0.23 (0.40–1.97)], higher PBSE scores [Standardized coefficient = 0.385 (0.15–2.55)], and reported sickness absenteeism in the preceding 4 weeks [Standardized coefficient = 0.136 (0.12–1.01)] were significantly associated with higher presenteeism scores. Those N/A who had lesser work experience had higher presenteeism scores [Standardized coefficient = −0.33 (−0.02–−0.004)].

Conclusion:

Presenteeism is a common phenomenon among nursing care providers. It is imperative that both employers and employees be educated about its ill effects on the individual, fellow staff, and patients, followed by the adoption of preventive measures.
A Comparative Study to Explore Static and Dynamic Lung Functions in Users and Non-Users of Air Conditioners in Bengaluru
Authors: Agrawal Megha , Devi MS Kusuma
Published: July 2023

Background:

Air conditioners (AC) have become indispensable in the contemporary World. However, their effects on respiratory health need to be explored further using dynamic and static lung functions.

Objectives:

The objectives were: 1. To evaluate and compare dynamic parameters (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, and FEF25-75) in AC users and non-users of Bengaluru. 2. To evaluate and compare airway resistance and specific airway conductance as additional parameters.

Materials and Methods:

After applying ATS-ERS criteria for lung disorders, 30 AC users and non-users of Bengaluru, aged 18-40 yrs were assessed using body plethysmography. A significant association of restrictive pattern was seen in AC users (9 AC users out of 60 participants, Chi-square 8.37, P = 0.0038) having an Odd’s ratio of 26.95 (CI: 1.4876 to 488.3558, Z = 2.229, P = 0.0258). Airway resistance (Raw) was comparable in both groups further indicating a non-obstructive pathology.

Conclusion:

AC users had a significant decrease in flow rates (PEFR and FEF25-75) as well as an association with restrictive lung disorder suggesting the need for proper ventilation and hygiene. It is crucial to develop policies to maintain indoor air quality.
Laughter-induced headache? Yes, it is Possible!
Authors: Bhowmik Soumya , Anand Kuljeet Singh
Published: July 2023

There have been well-known headache precipitants already documented in the literature. Laughter has previously been found as a rare trigger of headache in some individuals. Laughter-induced headache is a rare type of triggered headache which can share some similarities with primary cough headache or primary exercise headache. We report a case of abrupt onset, bilateral temporo-occipital headache, typically triggered exclusively by loud laughter in a 30-year-old male, with normal neurological examination and neuroimaging brain. The patient has shown some excellent responses to treatment with sodium valproate.
Electronic dental anesthesia: A magic wand in dentistry
Authors: N Prakash , Melath Anil , K Subair , M R Arjun
Published: July 2023

Anesthesia is commonly practiced for minor and major surgical procedures in periodontology. But the patient’s fear of getting anesthetized by injection needs to be addressed, especially for children. So, in this article we throw some light on electronic dental anesthesia that will be chemical-free and no fear of needles involved.
Development and validation of “Knowledge on screening and identification of mental illness (KSIM) questionnaire” among primary care nurses in India
Authors: Paul James , Govindan Radhakrishnan , Thakur Monika , Manjunatha Narayana
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

As stated in the World Health Organization's Mental Health Report 2022, 13%, or almost a billion people, had a mental health issue, and 82% of these people resided in low- and middle-income countries with limited access to mental health treatments. Successful integration of mental health services into primary healthcare depends on primary healthcare providers receiving the proper training and information required to provide basic mental health care in the community. Primary care nurses generally lack the confidence and skills to handle mental health issues while being in an excellent position to screen, identify, refer, and follow-up on a person with mental illness (PMI). The study aimed to develop and validate the KSIM questionnaire to assess the knowledge of primary care nurses in screening, identifying, referral, and follow-up persons with mental health issues in the community.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study was conducted based on a sequential exploratory design in two phases: the development and the validation phases. An extensive literature search was done, and the themes derived from the two focus group discussion (FGD) and three direct interviews, and the inputs from the mental health experts were used to design the KSIM questionnaire. A panel of 17 experts validated the KSIM questionnaire through item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level CVI (S-CVI) for content validation, and the reliability test was done using the intraclass correlation coefficient ICC test–retest method.

RESULTS:

The draft version-1 of the KSIM questionnaire showed high content validity of individual items (I-CVI range: 0.82–1.00) and high overall content validity (S-CVI = 0.95), and suggestions from the experts were incorporated. The KSIM questionnaire consists of 30 multiple choice questions and 10 case vignettes. The KSIM questionnaire has a very good test–retest reliability using the single measure two-way mixed absolute agreement ICC value 0.97 with 95% CI.

CONCLUSIONS:

Using an iterative approach, the development and validation of the KSIM questionnaire demonstrated high I-CVI and S-CVI with good ICC test-retest reliability to assess the knowledge of primary care nurses on screening and identification, referral and follow-up of a PMI in the community. Primary care nurses' knowledge on how to screen for and identify people with mental health issues in the primary care setting can be evaluated with the help of the KSIM questionnaire, and providing need-based training may help to reduce the time taken for people with mental illness to receive professional help.
Effectiveness of structured teaching program on parents' knowledge about child physical abuse
Authors: Verma Anamika , Govindan Radhakrishnan , Ramu Rajalakshmi , Thomas Bino
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

The issue of child physical abuse (CPA) is complex and challenging to study. According to World Health Organization fact sheets for 2020, about 3 in 4 children between 2 and 4 years of age regularly face physical maltreatment by parents or caregivers. It may cause a lifelong impact on physical and mental health.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the parents' knowledge and to evaluate the effectiveness of the structured teaching program (STP) regarding child physical abuse (CPA) among parents.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:

The pre-experimental, “One-group Pre-test Post-test design” was adopted for this study. Parents of children who were admitted for treatment in the child psychiatry centre (CPC) of a tertiary care referral center between January 2019 and January 2020 were recruited for this study. Thirty parents were recruited with a convenience sampling technique. The study was conducted through an online platform (Zoom). Pre-test and post-tests were conducted through Google survey form. Data were collected with a self-developed knowledge questionnaire on CAP. An online structured teaching program (STP) was administered for three alternative days after the pre-test assessment. The post-test assessment was conducted at a two-point time, that is immediately after the STP and after the one-week gap. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS:

The pre-test knowledge assessment means score regarding child physical abuse was found to be 12, with a standard deviation of 1.73. In the post-test one, 17.30 ± 1.39 and in the post-test two, 16 ± 1.55 with P < 0.001. Analysis revealed statistically significant improvement was found in the post-test knowledge regarding child physical abuse among the parents. There was no significant (p < 0.05) relationship found between the socio-demographic variables of the participants and their pre-intervention knowledge scores on child physical abuse.

CONCLUSIONS:

The study findings reveal that parents have a fair knowledge of CPA and the STP was effective and feasible to administer in improving the subjects' knowledge regarding child physical abuse.
Awareness and acceptance of teleclinic services during COVID-19 in the general population in Riyadh: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Alzahrani Hayat S. , Alharbi Sarah A. , Alsadan Yara I. , Alghosn Nouf S. , Almazyad Sarah M. , Alotaibi Nowayer , Almansour Mohammed , Aldossari Khaled K. , Demyati Eyad , Abulreesh Razan Y.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

The first COVID-19 case in Saudi Arabia was reported on March 2, 2020. The Saudi government introduced the “937” service number as one of the telemedicine services for COVID-19 information. Telemedicine uses telecommunication and information technologies in the medical field to deliver healthcare services and improve patients' health status. This study aims to estimate the frequency of teleclinics usage during COVID-19, assess awareness of teleclinics, and assess acceptance of teleclinics during COVID-19 in the Saudi population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The cross-sectional study used a convenient sample encompassing the 1,583 Saudi and non-Saudi adult population of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and was conducted online between August 2020 and April 2021. A self-administrated online questionnaire was distributed to all participants and data were collected on sociodemographics, knowledge of use of teleclinics, and its acceptance. Analysis of quantitative data by t-test and association of qualitative variables by Chi-square test was conducted. Regression analysis was performed on the significant values of univariate analysis. Data were analyzed by SPSS 25.

RESULTS:

Most (92.5%) participants were female and had a university education (65.9%). The main reason for using teleclinic was experiencing a new complaint (27.3%), next, for medications refill (13.2%), with COVID-19–related issues being the least common reason for using teleclinic (8.2%). The result shows that 77.1% of participants had a good level of acceptance of teleclinic. The regression analysis showed that number of teleclinics utilization, as an advantage it is more convenient, and recommending this service to someone else was significantly associated with acceptance of teleclinics in future.

CONCLUSION:

As per the findings, the experience of using teleclinic positively impacts the level of acceptance of teleclinic among the population. The adoption of telemedicine for healthcare delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic helped limit the spread of the infection and reduce the risk of exposure to COVID-19 for both patients and healthcare providers. In the future, telemedicine can be used as an alternative to minor complaints and follow-up checkups. In this way, the burden of healthcare system can also be overcome.
Adolescents diabetes awareness test (ADAT): Tool development and psychometrics evaluation research
Authors: Dorosteh Ameneh Pooresmaeil , Ghaffari Mohtasham , Rakhshanderou Sakineh , Mehrabi Yadollah , Ramezankhani Ali
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

During the last two decades, several reports have indicated an increase in the number of type-2 diabetes among adolescents. Therefore, an assessment of adolescents' awareness of this disease deserves serious consideration. This study aims at designing a psychometric tool for assessing adolescents' awareness of type-2 diabetes.

METHODS AND MATERIAL:

In this methodological research, 770 students attending 10 middle schools (five girls “schools and five boys” schools) from Tehran participated in the study. The questionnaire was designed by examining the relevant literature and the existing questionnaires, as well as considering the research team's comments, and the initial pool of items with 57 questions was designed. Face validity, content validity, and construct validity were calculated to determine the validity of the instrument. Reliability was measured via internal consistency coefficient (ICC) and internal consistency reliability was measured with Cronbach Alpha. SPSS 16 was used for data analysis.

RESULTS:

The questionnaire was initially designed with 57 items. Based on the results of CVR and CVI, five questions were removed. The average CVR and CVI were 0.75 and 0.82, respectively. Following exploratory factor analysis, the 30 questions in the questionnaire were categorized into five dimensions: public awareness, symptoms, behavioral risk factors, long-term effects, and medium-term effects. The internal reliability was calculated for the whole questionnaire—ICC = 0.87 with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.80.

CONCLUSIONS:

The resulting questionnaire on adolescents' awareness of type-2 diabetes, with 30 questions in five dimensions, can be employed by researchers for its high factor loading in factor analysis and its standard psychometric properties.
Psychosocial comorbidities of diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran
Authors: Doosti-Irani Mehri , Noorian Kobra , Rafiee Vardanjani Leila , Fanti Paulo , Odoi Evah W. , Abdoli Samereh
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

The psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are mainly focused on the general population, while pandemics do not impact the mental health of the entire population uniformly, especially vulnerable populations with underlying health conditions

.

This study aimed to investigate diabetes psychosocial comorbidities among Iranians with type 1 diabetes (T1D) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a cross-sectional study of 212 adults with T1D in different cities in Iran. Study participants completed an online survey in April–June 2020. The survey collected self-reported data on diabetes psychosocial comorbidities (i.e. diabetes burnout, diabetes distress, and depressive symptoms). Demographic and COVID-19 data before and during the pandemic were also collected. Responses were analyzed using ordinary least squares and logistic regression methods.

RESULTS:

Around 17.5% reported being tested for COVID-19 virus, 8% were diagnosed positive, 10.8% were hospitalized, and 92.9% followed precaution recommendations during the pandemic. Participants had high levels of diabetes distress (57.1%), depressive symptoms (60.8%), and diabetes burnout (mean score = 3.1 out of 5). During the pandemic, trouble paying for the very basic needs was a consistent factor increasing the risk of diabetes distress, diabetes burnout, and depressive symptoms. Lack of access to diabetes care was only associated with diabetes burnout, while diabetes hospitalization/emergency department (ED) visit was associated with diabetes distress. Existing diabetes disparities before the pandemic were also associated with higher scores of diabetes psychosocial comorbidities [accessing diabetes supplies and medications (P < 0.0001) and places for physical exercise (P < 0.0333)].

CONCLUSION:

The negative impact of the COVID-19-related changes on individuals with diabetes, as one of the most vulnerable populations, must be recognized alongside the physical, financial, and societal impact on all those affected. Psychological interventions should be implemented urgently in Iran, especially for those with such characteristics.
Growth of pseudo-Anosov conjugacy classes in Teichmüller space
Authors: Han Jiawei
Published: July 2023

Athreya, Bufetov, Eskin and Mirzakhani (2012) have shown that the number of mapping class group lattice points intersecting a closed ball of radius

R

in Teichmüller space is asymptotic to

e^{hR}

, where

h

is the dimension of the Teichmüller space. We show for any pseudo-Anosov mapping class

f

, there exists a power

n

, such that the number of lattice points of the

f^n

conjugacy class intersecting a closed ball of radius

R

is coarsely asymptotic to

e^{\frac{h}{2}R}

.
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Engine Operation and Engine Oil Degradation:
A Research Approach
Authors: Growney David , Joedicke Arndt , Williams Megan , Robin Mathew , Mainwaring Robert , Davies Mark
Published: July 2023

Hybrid electric vehicles (xHEV) are a critical enabler to fulfil the most recent
CO2 and fuel economy requirements in key markets like North
America, China, and Europe [1, 2]. Different levels of hybridization exist;
the main differentiator is the power of the electric system and battery
capacity. Increased electrical power enables the vehicle to run more often in
electric mode and recuperate energy from braking, which enhances the saving
potential [3]. Mild (MHEV) and plug-in
hybrid vehicles (PHEV) impose different duty cycles on the engine compared to a
conventional powertrain, potentially altering the degradation mechanisms of the
lubricant, and challenging the basis on which the lubricant should be condemned
[4]. The biggest concerns are water
and fuel dilution [5], which promote
corrosion and can form emulsions [6]. This
may result in so-called white sludge formation (a thick and creamy emulsion)
which can deposit inside the engine on colder surfaces, potentially blocking
pipes and breather hoses [6]. White sludge
deposits on the oil filler cap can become visible to the vehicle operator and
may be a reason for concern. Many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and
their customers, need advice in defining the important oil parameters for the
oil to be fit for purpose. If oil and additive companies are to respond to these
challenges, an increased awareness and understanding of oil degradation in
modern vehicle platforms is required. In this work, we have investigated the
operating conditions in different hybrid vehicles and their impact on the engine
oil. First, a chassis dynamometer (CD dyno) test program was conducted to
understand how three different concepts influence engine operation, specifically
the engine oil temperature and the number of stop/start events. Second, engine
dyno testing was designed to replicate a worst-case scenario, extrapolating some
of the observations from CD testing, to investigate the effect of an extreme
drive cycle on the engine oil degradation and contamination. Finally, an
analysis of the chemical and physical properties of these engine test drain
oils, and the resulting impact on wear protection and engine cleanliness, was
undertaken to understand the risks associated with worst-case scenario xHEV
operation.
Epidemiología de la incapacidad laboral por patología osteomuscular en España: 60.000 Trabajadores valorados por el Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social en 2019
Authors: Regal-Ramos Raúl
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: Conocer las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes con patología osteomuscular valorados para una incapacidad laboral
Material y método: Se realiza un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo en el que se incluyen 60.000 pacientes con patología musculoesquelética valorados para incapacidad laboral en el Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social (INSS) en el año 2019. Se estudian las variables patología (codificación CIE-9), edad, género, comunidad autónoma (C. A.), ocupación profesional, régimen de afiliación a la seguridad social, forma de inicio del expediente de incapacidad, contingencia y resolución del expediente de incapacidad.
Resultados: Los trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) más frecuentemente valorados en las unidades médicas de valoración de incapacidades (UMVI) son los del raquis lumbar (31,6%), el hombro (13,5%) y la rodilla (11,9%). Los TME que generan más incapacidad permanente (IP) son los de cadera y rodilla. Hombro y codo suponen más de 2/3 del total de las enfermedades profesionales por TME. El 87% de las calificaciones de IP por TME reciben el grado de Incapacidad Permanente Total (IPT). El porcentaje de denegaciones de IP es mayor en mujeres (61%) que en hombres (47%) y muy similar entre régimen general (54%) y autónomos (55%). Galicia es la C. A. con un mayor número de valoraciones por afiliado a la Seguridad Social y Canarias la de mayor número de IPT por afiliado a la Seguridad Social.
Conclusiones: Los datos evidencian que la concesión de la IP es un proceso complejo en el que intervienen factores internos al individuo, pero también intervienen factores externos.