bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of Love and Rayleigh waves across the Pacific at periods between 15 and 110 seconds
Authors: Mitchell B. J. , Leite L. W. B. , Yu Y. K. , Herrmann R. B.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Average surface-wave attenuation coefficient values along with their 95 per cent confidence limits are determined at periods between 15 and 110 sec for paths across the Pacific Ocean. Values for the fundamental Rayleigh-mode decrease from 3.2 × 10−4km−1 at a period of 15 sec to about 0.95 × 10−4km−1 at the longest periods. Love-wave attenuation coefficient values decrease from 3.8 × 10−4km−1 to about 0.95 × 10−4km−1 over the same period range. Although these values are tentatively taken to correspond to the fundamental Love-mode, higher-mode contamination may bias the observed attenuation coefficient values over the short-period portion of the period range. Attenuation coefficient values for both Rayleigh and Love waves are higher than values previously determined for the stable interior of North America over much of the period range between 15 and 40 sec.

Theoretical seismograms were computed and used as an aid in evaluating the effects of continental margin complexities and higher-mode interference on the attenuation coefficient determinations. Results indicate that the relatively large confidence limits for Rayleigh waves, especially at shorter periods, may reflect continental margin complexities. Higher-mode interference in combination with continental margin complexities produce even greater uncertainty in the determination of the attenuation coefficients for Love waves.
Teleseismic residuals prior to the November 28, 1974, Thanksgiving Day earthquake near Hollister, California
Authors: Cramer Chris H.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Teleseismic arrivals at 30 stations in the vicinity of Hollister, California, have been analyzed for P-velocity variations prior to the magnitude 5.1 November 28, 1974, Thanksgiving Day earthquake. The teleseismic arrivals for large circum-Pacific source events during the period of May through December, 1974, have been analyzed using the method of two-station relative residuals with a correction for observed azimuthal variations. The data contain no significant travel-time delays associated with this event to within 0.1 sec and all 30 stations analyzed exhibited stable travel-time residuals during the study period. In particular, residuals at station OCR for South and Central American sources whose ray paths pass within 2.5 km of the hypocenter exhibit no time changes. Assuming at least a 10 per cent P-velocity charge for anomalous zones, these observations restrict the maximum possible P-velocity anomaly zone that might have been associated with this particular event to within 3 to 4 km of the hypocenter.
Automated high-precision amplitude and phase calibration of seismic systems
Authors: Berg Eduard , Chesley Duncan M.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Automated amplitude and phase response of the complete seismometer-recording system is obtained from step inputs to the calibration coil. High accuracy is achieved by summing as many pulses as desired (to eliminate background noise) by a correlation technique and subsequent Fourier analysis. The only parameters required are the seismometer mass, the Cal-coil constant (referred to the center of mass if appropriate) and current, and the precise onset time of one reference calibration current, which are all very stable over long time periods. Application to the High-Gain Long-Period system at KIP yields the magnification curve from only six pulses with less scatter (< ± 5 per cent for periods larger than 20 sec) than routine steady-state calibrations.
Time-domain determination of earthquake fault parameters from short-periodP-waves
Authors: Somerville Paul G. , Wiggins Ralph A. , Ellis Robert M.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Source parameters of two shallow earthquakes have been determined by the time-domain analysis of short-period teleseismic recordings. For each event, the effect of the receiver crust was deconvolved from a set of globally distributed recordings using the homomorphic method. The resulting seismograms were compared with the form of the elastic-wave radiation computed from Savage's model of radially spreading rupture on a plane elliptical fault surface. This time-domain approach has permitted the determination of several kinematic parameters pertaining to the dynamics of rupture that are not ordinarily evaluated from spectral analysis. These parameters are rupture velocity, the direction of farthest rupture propagation, and the duration of a ramp dislocation time function which was prescribed to be the same everywhere on the fault surface. The application of a general linear inverse scheme has shown that the model parameters (notably rupture velocity and dimension) are only weakly coupled. Inversion is also used to determine the range of acceptable parameter values and indicates the importance of array recordings in constraining the models. A consistent discrepancy between the observed and model seismograms during the first half-cycle of motion is attributed to the incorrect prescription of the dislocation time function. It is suggested that a space-dependent function determined theoretically by Kostrov in 1964 would tend to remove this discrepancy.
Inversion of the body waves from the Borrego Mountain earthquake to the source mechanism
Authors: Burdick L. J. , Mellman George R.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The generalized linear inverse technique has been adapted to the problem of determining an earthquake source model from body-wave data. The technique has been successfully applied to the Borrego Mountain earthquake of April 9, 1968. Synthetic seismograms computed from the resulting model match in close detail the first 25 sec of long-period seismograms from a wide range of azimuths. The main shock source-time function has been determined by a new simultaneous short period-long period deconvolution technique as well as by the inversion technique. The duration and shape of this time function indicate that most of the body-wave energy was radiated from a surface with effective radius of only 8 km. This is much smaller than the total surface rupture length or the length of the aftershock zone. Along with the moment determination of Mo = 11.2 ×1025 dyne-cm, this radius implies a high stress drop of about 96 bars. Evidence in the amplitude data indicates that the polarization angle of shear waves is very sensitive to lateral structure.
Scaling northeastern United States/southeastern Canadian earthquakes by their Lg waves
Authors: Street Ronald L.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Displacement spectral densities and spatial attenuation of Lg waves from four earthquakes were studied in detail to determine the applicability of Nuttli's (1973) Lg-magnitude formulas to northeastern North American earthquakes. It was found that the 1-sec-period Lg wave from these events was attenuated at a slightly greater rate than has been observed in the central United States. However, comparison of the A/T observations and the Lg spectral analysis results of the two regions demonstrated that it was permissible to use Nuttli's Lg-magnitude formulas for scaling northeastern earthquakes if the amplitude observations are restricted to within 20° of the earthquake's epicenter. This result establishes the basis for a unified mb magnitude scale between central and northeastern North America.
Surface-wave constraints on the August 1, 1975, Oroville earthquake
Authors: Hart Robert S. , Butler Rhett , Kanamori Hiroo
Published: September 2021

abstract

Observations of Love and Rayleigh waves on WWSSN and Canadian Network seismograms have been used to place constraints upon the source parameters of the August 1, 1975, Oroville earthquake. The 20-sec surface-wave magnitude is 5.6. The surface-wave radiation pattern is consistent with the fault geometry determined by the body-wave study of Langston and Butler (1976). The seismic moment of this event was determined to be 1.9 × 1025 dyne-cm by both time-domain and long-period (T ≥ 50 sec) spectral amplitude determinations. This moment value is significantly greater than that determined by short-period studies. This difference, together with the low seismic efficiency of this earthquake, indicates that the character of the source is intrinsically different at long periods from those aspects which dominate the shorter-period spectrum.
P-wave travel-time variations before the August 1, 1975 Oroville, California earthquake
Authors: Cramer Chris H. , Bufe Charles G. , Morrison Paul W.
Published: September 2021

abstract

On August 1, 1975, a magnitude 5.9 (mb) (BRK, M = 5.7), normal dip-slip earthquake occurred 10 km south of Oroville, California. P arrivals for teleseismic and regional sources at the few seismographs in the area have been carefully timed to an accuracy of ±0.02 sec and the relative residual technique has been applied to these data. The data cover the period from August 1968 through March 1976. A significant delay of about 0.1 sec in travel-time residuals for Russian nuclear blasts was observed over a 3-year period preceding the Oroville earthquake at station ORV 10 km north of the epicenter. A 0.1-sec delay in travel-time residuals for U.S. nuclear blasts occurred after the Oroville event at station MGL, 40 km north of the main shock's epicenter. P arrivals from deep Tonga-Fiji earthquakes have also been analyzed but reveal no systematic time variations beyond ±0.05 sec from their mean values. P arrivals from moderate-size earthquakes along the San Andreas fault system in central California proved to be an unsatisfactory source of data because of ambiguities created by multiple P-phase arrivals and the emergent nature of the arrivals. The sparse station coverage does not allow adequate delineation of the extent and character of the anomalous P velocity zones, but the data do provide some limitations. The postearthquake travel-time delay at MGL may be precursory to a future earthquake or may only be related to the redistribution of stress in the Oroville area.
Property determination and wave propagation in a block of Barre granite
Authors: Goldsmith Werner , Sackman J. L. , Taylor R. L.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The principal axes of a 666.8 by 609.6 by 489.0 mm (2614 in by 24 in by 1914 in) block of Barre granite, treated as an orthotropic elastic material were determined from measured pulse velocities along directions connecting 160 pairs of surface points, encompassing the entire spectrum of possible orientations. The elastic moduli of the rock were ascertained by Hopkinson bar tests involving rods cored from other samples along their principal directions; this was required for the execution of a wave-propagation analysis in the block treated as a half-space.

Construction and insertion techniques were developed for transducers to be embedded in the rock at 14 locations. External and internal calibration procedures were devised to permit interpretation of the data transmitted from the interior of the sample. Transients in the block were generated by the impact of 6.35-mm (14 in) diameter steel spheres on loading bars sandwiching a thin quartz disk, serving as an input transducer, against the specimen. The wave patterns sensed by the transducers were displayed and photographed on oscillographic screens.

A finite element program capable of handling arbitrary anisotropy was developed and employed for comparing the experimental results with analytical predictions based on the measured input as the boundary condition. For those stations where computations were performed, the correlation ranged from good to qualitative. It is concluded that better transducer embedment and in situ calibration techniques are required for internal transducers used in hard rocks of this type.
Real-time detection and location of local seismic events in central California
Authors: Stewart Samuel W.
Published: September 2021

A computer-based system dedicated full time to automatic detection and location of local seismic events in central California has been developed. The system monitors 108 short-period vertical-component stations from the U.S. Geological Survey central California and Oroville seismic networks. Locations and magnitudes, when determined, are printed out along with first arrival times, within 2 to 5 min after an event occurs. Wave onsets must be clear and impulsive for best results. For this reason, regional events and teleseisms are usually rejected.

The best results have been obtained for the relatively dense, 16-station Oroville network. For the month of October 1975, 107 (91 per cent) of the 118 events timed by hand were also timed and located by the real-time system. An additional eight events (7 per cent) were detected in real-time but were not successfully located. Of the 107 events for which both on-line and hand-timed locations are available, 92 per cent of the on-line locations are within 2 km of the epicenters determined by hand-timing.

During October 1975 the real-time system monitored 91 of the 150 stations of the central California network. Of the 260 events located by hand-timing, 225 (86 per cent) were detected by the real-time system. Magnitudes of detected events range from 0.8 to 2.9. Approximately 95 per cent of the events of magnitude 1¼ and greater detected and located by hand-timing methods were also detected by the real-time system. Differences between hypocentral locations based on hand-timed and computer-timed arrivals may vary from 0.1 to 5 min of latitude or longitude.
SOCIAL MEDIA AS AN ONLINE CONSULTATION SERVICE
Authors: Nurlaila Ratna
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini mengkaji akun BagiKata di media sosial Line yang merupakan layanan konsultasi daring guna mengetahui lebih dalam faktor-faktor yang muncul saat user BagiKata berkonsultasi daring dan bagaimana user berkonsultasi, berterus terang dan mengelola masalah privasinya kepada handler BagiKata di media sosial Line dengan pendekatan teori Communication Privacy Management (CPM). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian netnografi guna mempelajari komunitas daring pada akun BagiKata di media sosial Line. Penemuan unik dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa konsultasi daring merupakan hal yang membantu sebagai pertolongan awal (sebelum bertemu pakar) saat user BagiKata merasa terbebani dan perlu berkonsultasi guna melegakan ranah psikis mereka, sebab sifatnya yang relevan dengan Internet of Things (IoT) berupa anonim, nyaman (untuk berterus terang dan berekspresi), cepat, dan berbiaya murah ataupun gratis, memungkinkan pengguna untuk nyaman berterus terang dan mendapatkan layanan di waktu dan tempat yang fleksibel. Temuan lainnya, ada perbedaan antara konsultasi daring dan konsultasi luring di mana berkonsultasi secara langsung dengan pakar lebih holistik sebab menampilkan komunikasi nonverbal seperti      body language, ekspresi, serta intonasi. Dengan adanya konsultasi daring melalui akun BagiKata di media sosial Line, menjadikan posisi pakar dan nonpakar terkadang bias seperti konsep the death of expertise. Penemuan unik lainnya yaitu layanan konsultasi melalui akun Bagikata di media sosial Line dengan menggunakan Bahasa Inggris lebih diharapkan oleh pengguna layanan konsultasi, guna menghindari lebih banyak memori negatif yang tersimpan dalam bahasa ibu.
Exploration of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi from Sugarcane Rhizosphere in Marginal Land
Authors: Kumalawati Zahraeni , Muliani Sri , Asmawati Asmawati , Kafrawi Kafrawi , Musa Yunus
Published: September 2021

The exploration of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi from sugarcane plantation in marginal land in South Sulawesi was carried out to find the source of inoculums showing effective infection. Soil samples were taken from four area with different characteristic of marginal land, namely land with low organic matter content, clay texture, limited irrigation, and undulating land. Mycorrhizae contained in the soil samples were then observed, and the spores obtained were used as the source of isolation by a single spore culture. The mycorrhizal spores were isolated by wet sieving and centrifugation method with 48% sucrose, which were observed under a compound microscope for spore details (100-1000x). Sugarcane root samples were taken to observe mycorrhizal infection in sugarcane root tissue by root staining method. The results of the study showed that the greatest diversity of mycorrhizal genera was found in soil samples of Jambua Block (Glomus, Gigaspora, and Sclerocistis) and AJ-5 Block area (Glomus, Acaulospora, and Sclerocistis). Single-spore isolates obtained were Glomus sp. and Acaulospora sp. Infection test result on four sugarcane varieties commonly grown in Takalar Sugar Factory showed that infectivity of mycorrhizal isolate of Acaulospora sp. was the highest (75%) and significantly different (LSD’test, p 0,05) compared to that of Glomus sp. (66%).
Anterior fracture tooth management using richmond crown-A case report
Authors: Chaudhary Ranjeet Kumar , Kumar Prince
Published: September 2021

Maxillary central incisor is the most commonly affected tooth during trauma followed by maxillary lateral incisor and mandibular incisors. Trauma to the anterior tooth requires urgent care because of the essentiality of preserving the natural tooth. When a complicated crown a fracture takes place, it necessitates endodontic treatment and restoration of a fractured crown segment with post in the canal. This case report describes a patient with a broken central incisor and treated with a Richmond crown.
Resíduos de usinas de concreto como material alternativo para produção de produtos cimentícios: mapeamento sistemático
Authors: Bonfim Walter Batista , Carvalho Igor Mazon , Moura Rafael De Paiva , De Paula Heber Martins , De Morais Lucas Salomão Rael
Published: September 2021

A lama residual de concreto (LRC) é um resíduo cimentício proveniente do tratamento da água residuária gerada durante o processo de lavagem de pátios e caminhões betoneira em usinas dosadoras. Este resíduo é composto basicamente por água, agregados, pasta de cimento e aditivos utilizados para produção de concreto. Devido as suas características como, por exemplo, elevado pH e alto teor de sólidos suspensos, há de se ter um manejo adequado deste material, visto que, conforme a Resolução CONAMA nº 430, o lançamento de efluentes em solo não poderá representar riscos de poluição às águas superficiais e subterrâneas. Nota-se que nos últimos anos, tanto a academia, quanto a indústria, têm buscado encontrar soluções reduzam o impacto de algumas atividades produtivas sobre o meio ambiente. Assim sendo, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um panorama das pesquisas relacionadas com a incorporação da lama residual de concreto em produtos cimentícios. Para tanto, foi realizado um mapeamento sistemático da literatura através da base de dados Periódicos CAPES utilizando as strings de busca “concrete sludge” e “fresh concrete waste”, de forma a encontrar os principais estudos relacionados com a vertente estudada. Assim, através do mapeamento realizado foi possível perceber que, quando comparada com outros tipos de resíduos, o estudo da lama residual de concreto (LRC) ainda é recente e os impactos da sua utilização ainda não foram completamente esclarecidos, ressaltando assim a necessidade de novas pesquisas na área.
Eficiência de drenagem de um modelo de pavimento de concreto permeável sob chuva natural
Authors: Furtado Leonardo , Mota Aline De Almeida , Grison Fernando , Menegotto Mauro Leandro
Published: September 2021

O crescimento das cidades traz consigo a construção de moradias, ruas asfaltadas, calçadas e diversas outras construções impermeáveis sobre o solo. Assim, a urbanização tem como uma das consequências o aumento do escoamento superficial da água da chuva. Perante essa problemática é preciso encontrar práticas que melhorem o funcionamento da drenagem urbana. Deste modo, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência de drenagem de um modelo de pavimento de concreto permeável submetido à chuva natural. Inicialmente foram produzidos blocos de concreto permeável e avaliada a resistência à tração na flexão e a permeabilidade. Posteriormente foi construído um modelo de pavimento permeável, com o devido dimensionamento das camadas de assentamento e de base e com dispositivos de coleta da água do escoamento superficial no pavimento. Os dados de escoamento superficial foram relacionados com os dados de chuva natural para o cálculo do coeficiente de escoamento superficial deste pavimento permeável. Também foi determinado o coeficiente de permeabilidade do pavimento, que apresentou um valor de 1,5∙10-2 m/s. Os resultados de resistência à tração na flexão e coeficiente de permeabilidade do concreto foram de 1,72 MPa e 1,8∙10-2 m/s, respectivamente. O coeficiente de escoamento superficial médio foi de 0,024, o que demonstra a eficiência do modelo de pavimento de concreto permeável na redução do escoamento superficial.
Desenvolvimento de software para caracterização e pré-dimensionamento de bacias de dissipação USBR do tipo I, II, III e IV
Authors: Quadros Gabriel Caetano Abrantes de , Silva Ana Rúbia de Carvalho Bonilha
Published: September 2021

Bacias de dissipação são estruturas hidráulicas responsáveis por evitar a erosão do leito do rio devido a velocidade da água a jusante do vertedor de barragens. Tais bacias ocasionam a dissipação de energia, sendo dimensionadas para atender as diversas condições do escoamento. As bacias de dissipação USBR do tipo I, II, III e IV são bacias que apresentam a dissipação de energia através da formação de um ressalto hidráulico contido em sua estrutura. Dentro deste contexto, por meio de um estudo sobre os diversos métodos de cálculos usados no dimensionamento destes tipos de bacia de dissipação, foi desenvolvido software capaz de caracterizar o tipo de bacia recomendado para determinada situação do escoamento. Além de pré-dimensionar esse tipo de estrutura hidráulica é possível também de exportar estes resultados em um arquivo em PDF. Ademais, foram testados exemplos de dimensionamento encontrados na literatura destes tipos de bacias para verificar a validade do programa. Os resultados obtidos pelo programa apresentaram convergência com os resultados encontrados na literatura. Desta forma, o software demonstrou aptidão na caracterização de bacias de dissipação, sendo uma ferramenta capaz de auxiliar o usuário no dimensionamento destas estruturas.
State of the art in the industrial production and application of zeolite-containing adsorbents and catalysts in Russia
Authors: Travkina O. S. , Agliullin M. R. , Kutepov B. I.
Published: September 2021

The review considers methods for the production of powdered zeolites, which are now manufactured on industrial scale, and granulated zeolite-containing adsorbents and catalysts obtained on their basis; information on the manufacturers of such materials in Russia is provided. Their application in the adsorption dehydration, refinement and separation of gas and liquid media as well as in the catalytic processing of hydrocarbon feedstock in Russia and worldwide is briefly considered.
Endogenous knowledge and importance of "conoro", fermented condiment from seeds of Baobab (Adansonia digitata), Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) and Okra (Abelmoschus sp) by Bondoukou department populations (North-Eastern Cote d'Ivoire)
Authors: Adaye Yao Kouakou , Betty Faulet Meuwiah , Ghislaine Dan Chepo , Bedel Fagbohoun Jean , Kouadio Yao , Patrice Kouame Lucien
Published: September 2021

"Conoro" is a traditional fermented condiments prepared from seeds of Baobab, Kapok and Okra. It is consumed by the North-Eastern Ivoirians. The aim was to report ethno-nutritional knowledge of "conôro" and to understand theirs uses. Data showed that respondents had a high knowledge level of "conôro" (86 to 96.67%). A significant difference is found in ethnic and age groups (p <0.05). Koulango were majority ethnic and people over 65 years old had the high knowledge level of "Conôro" to 96.8-100 % and 85.7-100 % respectively. Conoro’s utilization rates varied between 85.27 to 97.93 %. Sauces seasoning (ICF = 0.92) and addition of "Conôro" to other natural substances (ICF = 0.46) were respectively the most reported food and therapeutic uses. Blood pressure (ICF = 0.19) and abdominal pain after childbirth (ICF = 0.33) represented the most common treated diseases. "Conôro" was made from seeds taken individually or combined. The production processes of "conôro" were studied in different localities. Fermentation took 3 days in all localities. It was sold in dumpling form at 25 to 100 FCFA. The conservation time of "conôro" was from 6 to 12 months.
Comparing technical efficiency of maize smallholder farmers in Tabora and Ruvuma regions of Tanzania: a frontier production approach
Authors: Miho Asela
Published: September 2021

Technical efficiency was considered in comparing production efficiency of maize crops among smallholder farmers in Tabora and Ruvuma regions respectively, using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and ordinary least square (OLS) on Cobb-Douglas production function and OLS on technical inefficiency model in STATA 12 on the National Sample Census of Agriculture 2007/2008 data. Findings indicated that, Tabora smallholder farmers were more technically efficient with mean technical efficiency of 61% compared to 53% of Ruvuma farmers. Actual planted area came as the most important factor that increased maize output and Tractor asset being the most in optimal used factor ‘keeping other factors constant’, in both regions. From the technical inefficiency model; Age, household size, primary education and inputs costs increased technical inefficiency while credit access, capital assets, good living condition and crop farming as main activity increased technical efficiency in both regions. Thus, the support and sensitization from government and other development partners for agricultural development should be area specific particularly where there is high technical efficiency of the given crop. In optimal use of Tractor among smallholder farmers should be taken as a policy issue; for despite the efforts taken by stakeholders its influence to output attained among smallholders is insignificant.
Effect of Understumps Age on the Growth of Budding of Orange Plant (Citrus Sp.)
Authors: Ginandjar Salamet , Subandi M , Alamsyah  , Dikayani
Published: September 2021

The research was conducted in the Garden of Development of Horticultural Seeds of West Java Province. The purpose of research to know the influence of age of rootstock and budding method to the success of citrus (Citrus sp). Research method using Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors. The first factor is the age of the Understump (rootstock) consisting of 5 levels, namely the stem age of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months, while the second factor is the budding method consisting of 2 levels, namely T (T-budding) budding method and the budding (Chip-budding). The results showed that the treatment of budding method and the age of rootstock did not interact in all observation variables. The treatment of budding method and the age of rootstock independently had a very significant effect on the high percentage of shoots, no significant effect on the stem bud diameter and significantly affect the number of leaves. The best treatment on the method of budding is the method of Insert (Chip-Budding), while at the lowest rootstock is the best age of rootstock 6 months.
Development of Soybean Cultivation as Leading Commodity in Regional Agribusiness Area
Authors: Harisman Kundang , Birnadi Suryaman , Subandi Muhammad
Published: September 2021

The objectivie of current study is to evaluate agribusiness performance of soybean included the on farm an marketing subsystems, besides, the development of soybean as one of superior agricultural commodities and its contribution of soybean upon the gross domestic product (GDP) of Sumedang. The results indicated that agribusiness performance of soybean consisted of farm iputs procurement, on farm production, harvesting and processing, marketing and supported infrastructure and its supporting subsystems. Soybean as one of superior commodities has been well developed due to the availability of human and natural resources, exsiting markets, production technology and business partnership program. The contribution of soybean upon regional GDP during the years of 2008 – 2016, bay the 2008 constant price, was between 0,071% and 0,357% and its contribution upon regional agricultural sector was price was between 0,248%– 1,144%. Where as soybean contribution based on the curret price was between 0,068% and 0,621% and between 0,239%-1,959% respectively. During those periods the contribution of soybean upon the GDP as well as on agricultural sector was fluctuated and tend to be declining.
Is Imported Cabbage a Better Choice than Local Egg Fruit for Salad Preparation: An Economic Analysis of Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Oladipupo Abiola Matthew , Adedayo Ibidapo Clement
Published: September 2021

The study deals with the possibility of reducing higher ratio of dependence on importation of food through the replacement of foreign products with locally produced and processed food products. In order to accomplish the objectives of the study, both primary and secondary data had been used. Accordingly, a multi-stage sampling technique was utilized to select the sample size. Descriptive and inferential statistics were eventually applied to the primary data collected. The results indicated undoubtedly that the locally produced and processed salad competed favourably and suitably with foreign salad products in terms of colour, odour, taste, and other sensory parameters evaluated accordingly. The orthodox budget analysis indicated that garden egg salad was more profitable than imported cabbage salad. The correlation outcome value of +1 indicated that local salad stands as a perfect substitute for foreign salad. Therefore, the phasing out of foreign salad so as to replace it with locally sourced salad is quite feasible. It had therefore been obviously and clearly established in this study that imported cabbage could be replaced with locally produced garden egg salad, thereby indicating that reducing the degree of dependence on food importation is absolutely viable.
The Consequences of Foreign Direct Investments in Redefining Bilateral Trade Flow in Nigeria: A Gravity Panel Approach
Authors: Muhammad Saidu D , Diyoke Kenneth O , Azu Nnanna P
Published: September 2021

Most of the Nigerian government’s transformation agenda is geared toward creating and enabling business environments to attract foreign direct investment. Opinions are divided as to the impact of foreign investment on trade and this researcher believed it could be either positive or negative. Hence, this research is to ascertain the magnitude of foreign investment’s impact on Nigeria’s bilateral trade. Integrating foreign direct investment in the gravity model, we applied the PPML technique because of its robustness and ability to recognise zero trade. We segregated foreign investment into three-flow, stock and its annual growth. Our estimation revealed that foreign direct investment stock impacts negatively on bilateral trade flow in Nigeria for both exports and imports and it is robust with the overall sample. Exporters’ foreign direct investment inflow was also revealed to have an impact on bilateral trade in Nigeria. But in all ramifications the magnitude of the negative impact is relatively small but statistically significant reflecting that trade and inward foreign investment are at least substitutes. Nigeria should further encourage inward foreign investment to further stimulate economic growth and aid in creating import substitution.
Management of Cocoa Black Pod Disease by Farmers in Edo State, Nigeria: The Role of Farmer Field School
Authors: Okeoghene Ebewore Solomon
Published: September 2021

The specific objectives of the study were to find the contribution of FFS training in control of the disease; examine the role of FFS in improving farmers’ competency in management of black pod disease, and determine the proportion of farmers that benefited from FFS training on management of black pod disease. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 76 FFS farmers and 74 other farmers, and various descriptive statistics and t-tests were used to analyze data. The results showed that FFS played a major role in improving FFS farmers’ competency in the management of black pod disease. The t-tests conducted showed significant differences in knowledge between FFS farmers and other farmers.
Evaluation of Fadama III Project in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria: Constraints and Strategies Perceptions
Authors: Ovharhe Oghenero Joseph
Published: September 2021

The study evaluated the constraints to the Fadama III project in some Niger Delta areas; namely, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, and the Delta States of Nigeria. A multistage sampling process was engaged to choose a sample of 420 respondents for the study. Data analyzed was done using means and ANOVA. Results obtained revealed that some constraint such as inadequate fund (x ̅=3.78), inadequate inputs support (x ̅=3.35) and high bureaucracy of donor agencies (x ̅=3.31) were identified as serious constraints by the respondents. The pooled mean constraints of respondents in the study area were Bayelsa, 2.40; Akwa Ibom, 2.32; and Delta, 2.24 accordingly. High values were placed on proposed strategies to overcome Fadama III constraints such as the conduct of regular farmers training sessions (mean=3.36) and improved FUG management team (mean = 3.30). The study concluded that some constraints are serious and others not serious; and accepted the null hypothesis (p>0.05) that there was no significant variation in the constraints facing the Fadama III project among the selected Niger Delta States. The study noted that there should be more support in the provision of farm inputs and assets to catapult productivity and timely delivery of advisory support.
Regulatory Impact Analysis Roles for Agricultural Products’ Qualities: Customers’ Perspectives for Sustainability Entrepreneurship
Authors: Abdullah Zulhamri , Yusoff Wan Fauziah Wan , Anumudu Chinedu Eugenia , Zainol Fakhrul Anwar
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the emerging agro- entrepreneurship empirical literature from the Malaysian regulatory impact analysis context. Therefore, this study explicitly provides an empirical analysis of the regulatory impact assessment based on consumers’ perceptions. In line with the purpose of the study, we applied a quantitative approach through a survey questionnaire for the aim of generating data from the central, south, and east coast Malaysian consumers’ opinions. Consequently, we found that the majority of the respondents had little knowledge of the impact of grading, packaging, and labelling (GPL). Furthermore, the study established that over two-thirds of the customers always check the label of the products they intend to purchase. The majority of the consumers were also concerned with the Halal label when purchasing products.
Agricultural Intensification, Diversification and Migration as Livelihood Strategies Among Rural Scheduled Tribe Population of Palasbari Revenue Circle: A Case of India
Authors: Das Meghna , Gogoi Barnali
Published: September 2021

The key objective of this study is to examine the livelihood practices and strategies adopted by the Scheduled Tribe (ST) population of the Palasbari Revenue circle, Assam, India. For empirical analysis, 132 households were surveyed from 6 areas dominated by the ST population, namely Kallapara N.C. (Satargaon), Jimirigaon, Rani Khamar, Chouthala, Jupangbari, and Kochpara, which aggregates to 553 sample populations. It was surveyed by stratified random sampling method from January to March 2020. The results show that livelihood diversification, agricultural intensification and temporal migration are three of the major strategies adopted by the population to meet their needs.
Challenges Facing Community Participation in Participatory Forest Management in Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Danano Kero Alemu
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper remained to detect the Contests of the communal participation of participatory forest management in selected kebeles of Addiyo woreda, Kaffa zone of SNNPRS of Ethiopia. The study engaged main and subordinate data sources. The study sites were selected by using purposively, and sample respondents were selected by using systematic sampling techniques. Accordingly, 295(91 females and 204 males) households were selected. The household survey, FGD, personal observation, and key informant interviews were used for primary data collection. The data of the study had analyzed using both numerical and qualitative methods. Binary logistic regressions remained employed to evaluate factors affecting the participation of households in PFM. The study initiates that woodland coverage is decreasing, the logistic regression results revealed that participation in PFM has a statistically significant and negative relationship with annual income, the distance of households from the PFM site, and PFM site from the market, whereas a positive relationship with family size, forest income, number of livestock, awareness of households about PFM and support from external stakeholders. Therefore, to see sustainable participatory woodland managing in the study zone, awareness would remain created among communities for this government, and external stakeholders should work co-operatively and actively.
Price Adjustment of Oil Palm and Palm Oil in Thailand to the World Price of the Palm Oil Market
Authors: Saleerut Sriwena , Jatuporn Chalermpon , Suvanvihok Vasu , Wanaset Apinya
Published: September 2021

The objectives of this study are to analyze: (1) the effects from the change of palm oil price in the world market to the prices of oil palm and palm oil in Thailand, and (2) the adjustment of oil palm and palm oil prices in Thailand to the change of the price of palm oil in the world market using monthly time series from January 2008 to September 2019. The statistics consist of the stationary test using the ADF unit root, the long-run equilibrium test using the cointegration, and the short-run adjustment to the equilibrium using the error correction model, respectively. The empirical findings show that farm-gate price is the most affected by the change of palm oil price in the world market, followed by wholesale, export, and retail prices, respectively. In line with the adjustment of the prices of oil palm and palm oil in Thailand to the change in the world palm oil price, it is found that farm-gate price has adjusted in the short-term to return the equilibrium with the highest speed at 27.883%, followed by wholesale price 22.710%, exporting price 18.792%, and retail price 15.658%, respectively.
The Practice of Imidazolinone-Resistant Rice Production in the Irrigated Rice Fields of Kg Sungai Leman
Authors: A.K Engku , M Norida , D Omar , N Asib , S Yusof , A. B Halimatunsadiah
Published: September 2021

Rice is an important crop and a staple food in Malaysia. Herbicides are used extensively to control weeds, which represent a major constraint to yield production. Although the introduction of Imidazolinone-resistant Rice with its management system (IRPS) has greatly improved both yields and weed control, the system is designed to be used for only a short term before transitioning to local varieties. Thus, a survey was conducted among 115 farmers to obtain information on their general knowledge on weed control and IRPS. The results showed that the majority of the farmers use herbicides to control all types of weed presented, with a small minority still using manual control. The majority of farmers using IRPS were applying the herbicide imidazolinone when soil condition were right, and only once per season, which is the recommendation. Most of the farmers still utilized imidazolinone to control weedy rice but would not use it on other weeds. However, many of the farmers perceived imidazolinone as becoming more ineffective and expensive and were willing to change to other herbicides if there was a viable alternative. Although herbicide is the main method employed in controlling weeds when using IRPS, farmers still regard imidazolinone as an ineffective herbicide. The reason IRPS is still in use is due to the high yields provided. This study shows a better understanding of knowledge on weeds and IRPS among farmers. Nonetheless, the IRPS will become a redundant system due to the ineffectiveness of imidazolinone and a new system should be introduced to replace it.
Analysis of Soil Texture, Furrow Geometry, and Infiltration Rate for Improving Water Application Efficiency
Authors: Dero Duba Chena , Kolhe Kishor Purushottam
Published: September 2021

Soil texture, furrow geometry, and infiltration rate are the main characteristics for improving water application efficiency. Substantial amounts of diverted irrigation water are often lost because of poor water control, inefficient irrigation conveyance systems, poor on-farm water management, or poor application practices. Field experiments were conducted on three farm plots within the command area for water availability and accessibility under the Melka Hida small-scale irrigation scheme in the West Guji Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The physical characteristics of soil, including depth, particle distribution, textural classification, bulk density, field capacity, and permanent wilting point, were studied and the results are presented. Furrow parameters including slope, width, length, and shape geometry were measured. The cumulative infiltration and infiltration rates were also recorded. The results show that irrigation application efficiency ranged from 57 to 64% with an average of 61%, indicating that about 40% of the applied water was not used by crops. The storage efficiency ranged from 79.6 to 81.6% with an average of 80%. Soil moisture measurements showed that crops were water stressed during the experimental period. Application efficiency decreased with increasingly steep slopes and cutoff times, greater applied depth, and high inflow rate in the study area. Unavailability of irrigation water control structure, weakness of water users’ associations, and maintenance of furrows and steep slopes were observed as the major causes of inefficient water management in the Melka Hida irrigation scheme.
Performance of Agricultural Export Products on Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Amao Oyetoun Dunmola , Antwi Michael Akwasi , Oduniyi Oluwaseun Samuel , Oni Timothy Olukunle , Rubhara Theresa Tendai
Published: September 2021

This research sought to explore the performance of agricultural export products on economic growth in Nigeria from 1960 to 2016. Secondary data from the National Bureau of Statistics, the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Annual Statistical Bulleting, the World Bank, and World Development Indicators were used. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model was explored in this study. The findings of the study show that food and live animals, beverages, and tobacco were found to be negative but significant to agricultural exports, while agricultural exports (total) and crude materials, inedible except fats, were found to be negative and insignificant to economic growth. Animal and vegetable oils and fats were found to be positive but insignificant to economic growth. Based on the following findings, it is recommended that policies aimed at increasing the productivity and quality of agricultural products, especially those from crops, should be implemented. There is also a need to devote more resources to the production of non-export goods to increase exports. Above all, more credit should be extended to the agricultural sector with a low or zero interest rate, which may lead to a higher rate of economic growth in Nigeria.
The Impact of Financial Factors on the After-Sales Service of Agricultural Machinery: A Case Study of Chinese Agricultural Machinery in South Africa
Authors: Qin Xiaoshun , Jiang Dongdong , Pretorius Leon
Published: September 2021

Compared to other countries, the level of agricultural mechanization in Africa and South Africa is relatively low. Among the factors that influence agricultural mechanization, after-sales service of agricultural machinery is among the most significant. On the other hand, financial resources primarily impact on improvement and enhancement of after-sales service of farm equipment. In this paper, a questionnaire was employed as the method of quantitative data collection to assist in the analysis of data from 739 respondents in the Chinese context. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 (Mmbengwa & Qin, 2020), no questionnaires were collected from South Africa for the purposes of this paper. A standard multiple regression analysis (MRA) was utilized to analyze the data collected from the structured questionnaires. Evidence from this study suggests that combining these financial resource factors has a major effect (F2 = 0.802) on the after-sales service of farm equipment. The high scores obtained for economic factors and analyzed in this study mean that, to a large extent, these have a major impact on China’s after-sales service for agricultural machinery in South Africa.
Effects of Spiruline (Spirulina platensis) Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Markers, Biochemical Characteristics, and Hematological Parameters in Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Does
Authors: Momo Chongsi Margaret Mary , Adam Mahamat Tahir Markhous , Herve Tchoffo , Narcisse Vemo Bertin , Ferdinand Ngoula , Joseph Tchoumboue
Published: September 2021

The present study was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of feed supplementation with spiruline powder on the oxidative stress markers, biochemical characteristics, and hematological parameters in rabbit doe. Twenty-one nulliparous and sexually mature does (7–8 months old) were distributed into three groups of seven does each, comparable in terms of body weight. After a week of feeding with experimental feed, does of each group were mated. During the trial, does of group 1 (control group) were fed ad libitum with a feed free from spiruline (control feed), while those of groups 2 and 3 received the control feed supplemented with spiruline powder at 0.6 and 1.2%, respectively. Immediately after parturition, blood was collected for analyses of hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters. Studied parameters included serum concentrations of total proteins, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), creatinine, and urea; malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase; and hematological parameters. The total protein concentration, number of white and red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume were significantly (P<0.05) higher in does treated compared to control. Oxidative stress parameters were comparable (P>0.05) among treatments. Hence, these results show that feed supplementation with spirulina powder can improve rabbit doe health, notably at 1.2%, since optimal results were obtained at this percentage.