bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Más allá del efecto y de la intención: la proporcionalidad en los arbitrajes de inversiones
Authors: López Escarcena Sebastián
Published: December 2020

La forma de expropiación que prevalece hoy es la indirecta, cuya determinación constituye uno de los principales problemas a resolver en el derecho internacional de la inversión. La doctrina y jurisprudencia han identificado dos posibles soluciones centradas, respectivamente, en el efecto o en la intención de las medidas estatales. En el último tiempo, ha aparecido una tercera alternativa que cuenta con un aparente apoyo en ciertos tratados de inversión de nueva generación. Esta proviene de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Europea de Derechos Humanos relativa a la protección de la propiedad, y consiste en la aplicación del principio de proporcionalidad para determinar la naturaleza expropiatoria de las medidas judicialmente impugnadas por inversionistas extranjeros en arbitrajes internacionales. Esta posible solución, sin embargo, también presenta algunas dificultades de implementación. El propósito de este trabajo es estudiar la aplicación de la proporcionalidad en dichos arbitrajes. A través del análisis de la jurisprudencia relevante, y la utilización de los métodos dogmático y comparativo, se examina la aparición de este principio en el derecho internacional de la inversión, destacando las diferencias en su aplicación en los foros en los que se la ha utilizado, para concluir que este solo podrá constituir un instrumento útil para solucionar demandas de expropiación indirecta en la medida que cuente con una clara base normativa, que le permita ser empleado, en conjunto con el margen de apreciación, para determinar la legalidad de las medidas respectivas, no su naturaleza expropiatoria.
La acción de amparo en Uruguay. Complemento de investigación
Authors: Risso Ferrand Martín , Garat María Paula , Rainaldi Stefanía , Guerra Martín , Kazarez Melanie , Pintos Emanuel
Published: December 2020

El propósito de esta publicación es complementar una investigación publicada en Revista de Derecho n.º 16 (julio-diciembre, 2017), en la cual se constató que la inmensa mayoría de acciones de amparo en las que no se reclama asistencia médica eran rechazadas por los tribunales. Se pretendió verificar si la tendencia permanecía incambiada, así como sistematizar las razones esgrimidas por los jueces para desestimar los amparos y, en definitiva, proponer modificaciones legislativas que le permitieran a la acción de amparo observar su verdadera finalidad, que es ser la principal garantía para los derechos humanos lesionados. Para ello, se relevaron todas las sentencias definitivas dictadas en un proceso de amparo por los Tribunales de Apelaciones en lo Civil entre octubre de 2018 y setiembre de 2019 y se descartaron aquellas en las que el Estado no fuera parte demandada o se reclamase un medicamento o tratamiento médico. Luego se las dividió por resultado, para finalmente analizar los argumentos de cada una de ellas. En total, se dictaron trescientas sesenta sentencias, de las cuales solo veintidós correspondían a acciones de amparo “no médicos”, siendo en última instancia rechazados veinte de ellos en una aplicación errónea de los requisitos previstos en la ley 16.011, prescindiendo de los preceptos constitucionales y las pautas hermenéuticas en materia de derechos humanos.
El uso de sistemas de información geográfica en la identificación y valoración de recursos geoturísticos
Authors: Cohen Carolina , Schwarz Soledad , Facen Maximillian , Flores Flavia , González Sofía , López Heliana , Quidulef Abigail , Ruiz Vera Julieta
Published: December 2020

Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica son herramientas fundamentales para el análisis espacial en general y para las investigaciones turísticas en particular, ya que permiten plasmar una problemática e interpretar los resultados desde otra perspectiva. En este marco, este trabajo se propone georreferenciar, mapear y valorar recursos de la geodiversidad en el Valle del Río Pipo y el Cañadón de la Oveja (54°49'52"S - 68°24'51"W), próximos a la ciudad de Ushuaia en Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Para ello se desarrolló una metodología ad hoc que posibilitó identificar 25 georrecursos con potencialidad para propiciar un aprovechamiento geoturístico.
Calculation of the Ecological Thresholds of Normal Pressure of Machine Propulsion Drive in Working on Clay Soils
Authors: Panasyuk A. N. , Lipkan A. V.
Published: December 2020

One of the conditions for achieving maximum land productivity is optimal soil density. In the Amur Region, ecological compaction thresholds for cereals are 1.0-1.24 grams per cubic centimeter, for soybeans – 1.09-1.25, which corresponds to a normal pressure of 80-120 kilopascals, depending on soil moisture. The authors showed that the tractors used in the Amur Region, acting on the soil, exceed the ecological compaction threshold. (Research purpose) To substantiate the ecological compatibility of mobile fi eld energy, primarily tractors engaged in fi eld work, in terms of the compacting eff ect from the normal load transmitted by their propulsion drive to the soil. (Materials and methods) The authors analyzed the experimental data on changes in density, hardness and resistance of soil to processing. An empirical dependence was obtained for calculating the increase in resistance to soil cultivation from the compaction load in a layer of 0-20 centimeters. (Results and discussion) The authors established an increase in plowing resistance of 12-25 percents at a normal load of 138-170 kilopascals, transmitted by the machine propulsion drive, which corresponded to a soil density of 1.25-1.30 grams per cubic centimeter; at a load of 180-250 kilopascals, the resistance increased by 43-50 percents which was equivalent to a soil density of 1.30-1.35 grams per cubic centimeter; at a pressure of 300-350 kilopascals, these indicators increased by 60-67 percents and up to 1.40-1.45 grams per cubic centimeter; and at 400 kilopascals, they showed an increase in resistance of 70-90 percents which is comparable to a density of 1.48 grams per cubic centimeter. (Conclusions) It was determined that the limit value of the normal pressure under the machine propulsion drive in fi eld work should be limited to 150-175 kilopascals. The ecological threshold of normal pressure was established – no more than 120-135 kilopascals with soil moisture of 20-23 percents which was comparable to the soil density of 1.2-1.25 grams per cubic centimeter. The limiting value of the normal pressure of the propulsion drive on the soil was calculated – 350 Pa, which corresponded to the critical soil compaction of 1.30 grams per cubic centimeter.
Putting Reasons in their Place
Authors: Gascón José Ángel
Published: December 2020

Hilary Kornblith has criticised reasons-based approaches to epistemic justification on the basis of psychological research that shows that reflection is unreliable. Human beings, it seems, are not very good at identifying our own cognitive processes and the causes of our beliefs. In this article I defend a conception of reasons that takes those empirical findings into account and can avoid Kornblith’s objections. Reasons, according to this account, are not to be identified with the causes of our beliefs and are useful first and foremost in argumentation instead of reflection.
Plasma levels of protachykinin-1 (TAC1) in patients with sarcoidosis
Authors: KORKMAZ Celalettin , AKDAĞ Turan
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The etiology and pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, a systemic granulomatous lung disease affecting many people, still remain unknown. Sarcoidosis is diagnosed by demonstrating non-caseous granulomas and ruling out granulomatous diseases. Therefore, sensitive biomarkers used in diagnosis and follow-up processes are needed. Our aim is to investigate diagnostic value of plasma protachykinin-1 (TAC1) levels in sarcoidosis patients.Methods: Forty-two sarcoidosis patients followed-up by the department of chest diseases, and 38 controls were included into the study. Clinical, radiological and laboratory data of patients were recorded, and plasma TAC1 levels were analyzed in patients and healthy controls. Results: Plasma TAC1 levels of sarcoidosis patients and controls were found as 1124.25±1117.25 ng/L and 1319.37±1357.38 ng/L, respectively. Although not statistically significant (p=0.338), a decrease was found in TAC1 levels of sarcoidosis patients. Additionally, patients’ lymphocyte levels were also found significantly lower than controls (p=0.007). No statistically significant correlation was found between other laboratory findings, including leukocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil count, cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) CD4 +, CD8 +, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) CD4 +, BAL CD8 + and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and plasma TAC1 levels.Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to investigate plasma TAC1 levels as a biomarker in sarcoidosis patients. Although plasma TAC1 levels were slightly decreased in sarcoidosis patients, the decrease was not statistically significant, and no adequate data were provided for the use of plasma TAC1 level as a biomarker. We consider more comprehensive research are needed to elucidate the entity.
Paixão e representatividade:
Authors: Patatt Caroline , Bandeira Gustavo Andrada
Published: December 2020

Paternidade responsável, racismo, homofobia e demarcação de terras indígenas: estes foram alguns dos temas abordados pelos clubes de futebol do Brasil em campanhas, especialmente nas mídias sociais, no ano de 2019. Qual o tamanho desta interferência? Como estas ações chegam aos torcedores? É possível que uma equipe, através da paixão que estimula, venha a ser também um vetor de mudança social? Encontramos algumas respostas para estas e outras perguntas nesta pesquisa realizada a partir de um questionário respondido por 310 brasileiros e brasileiras, com idades entre 18 e 60 anos. Foi possível vislumbrar, com possibilidade de aprofundamento, aspectos interessantes acerca de participação, engajamento e o poder da Internet neste processo – capaz de, por exemplo, fazer com que torcedores apreciem e se sintam estimulados até mesmo por ações de equipes rivais.
Evaluating the Anxiety and Depression Status of Prostate Cancer Patients whose Operations were Postponed due to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kizilkan Yalcin , Senel Samet , Ozercan Ali Yasin , Balci Melih , Eroglu Unsal , Aktas Binhan Kagan , Bulut Suleyman , Özden Cüneyt , Tuncel Altug
Published: December 2020

Aim: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anxiety and depression
status of prostate cancer (PCa) patients whose planned operations in the
urology clinic of our hospital, which is serving as a pandemic hospital
in Turkey have been postponed due to the coronavirus disease 2019
pandemic. Methods: This survey study was conducted at urology clinic of
Ankara City Hospital between March 1 and June 1, 2020 and included 24
male patients who agreed to answer the questionnaires (State-Trait
Anxiety Inventory [STAI] I and II and Beck Depression Inventory
[BDI]). Demographical and clinical data (age, time since diagnosis,
total serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, risk groups
according to the D’Amico classification system, smoking, alcohol
habitus, major surgical history, and comorbidities) of the patients were
collected from hospital software. Results: The mean STAI-I score of the
patients (46.7 ± 1.4 [44–49]) was significantly higher than their
STAI-II score (41.7 ± 2.4 [39–47]) (p < 0.001). The
negative correlation between the decrease in age and STAI-I score was
found to be statistically significant (r = 0.439, p < 0.05).
The mean BDI score of the patients was 4.3 ± 3.2 (0–13), which was
compatible with mild depression. There was no statistically significant
difference between the time elapsed from diagnosis, PSA levels, smoking
and alcohol habitus, major surgical history and comorbidity status, and
STAI-I, STAI-II, and BDI scores (p > 0.05). Conclusion:
Prostate cancer patients with postponed operations should be guided
properly in order to manage their anxiety status especially young
patients.
Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz: un modelo de justicia transicional en Colombia
Authors: Correa Flórez María Camila , Martín Parada Andrés Felipe
Published: December 2020

Este texto pretende explicar el funcionamiento de la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz como un modelo de justicia transicional cuyo eje central son los derechos de las víctimas. Para ello se explican los procesos que se llevan a cabo al interior de la Jurisdicción que son ejemplificados a través de casos específicos que muestran los retos que tiene este modeli de Justicia Transicional.
La Luna, misiones, Derecho de propiedad y conflictos respecto a la explotación e investigación desarrollada en el satélite
Authors: Paes Martí Mónica , Ramón Fernández Francisca
Published: December 2020

En el estudio se profundizará sobre la titularidad de la Luna, así como los diversos conflictos actuales que se pueden plantear en torno a la explotación e investigación de los recursos. Se partirá de las aportaciones doctrinales más relevantes sobre la materia, así como el empleo de la legislación referente al Derecho Espacial que se aplica a la Luna y los demás cuerpos celestes. Al tratarse de un estudio científico que se centra en las ciencias jurídicas, utilizaremos una metodología de análisis sobre las fuentes aplicables, para obtener una respuesta válida a los diferentes problemas que se pueden plantear respecto a la propiedad lunar y la investigación y explotación en el satélite.
Sobre el desplazamiento por cambio climático y su regulación en el Derecho Internacional
Authors: Atapattu Sumudu , Felipe Pérez Beatriz , Odriozola Ignacio , Scott Matthew
Published: December 2020

“Conversar” es la acción de hablar con una o varias personas. En esta sección nos proponemos que especialistas dialoguen por escrito sobre uno de los temas actuales del Derecho internacional: el desplazamiento por cambio climático que afecta a miles de personas en todo el mundo y el vacío normativo en el reconocimiento de la protección de estos desplazados, lo que a su vez genera un debate sobre si considerarlos como migrantes o refugiados. En esta oportunidad invitamos a Josefina Buscetti quien planteó a los especialistas el siguiente interrogante: el Comité de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas, a principios del año 2020, en su opinión al caso sobre la deportación a la República de Kiribati de Ioane Teitiota quién había solicitado asilo bajo los términos de “refugiado” o “persona protegida” en Nueva Zelanda, concluyó que los desplazados como consecuencia del cambio climático no deben ser devueltos a su país de origen si sus derechos humanos fundamentales como el derecho a la vida, se encuentran en riesgo a causa de este retorno, marcando de esta manera un precedente a nivel global, por lo tanto, ¿cómo considera que debe plantearse la normativa internacional para que en su aplicación los Estados tengan la obligación de reconocer y proteger a los desplazados transfronterizos por cambio climático que solicitan asilo? A  continuación  compartimos  las  opiniones  de  los  especialistas  sobre  la  cuestión  planteada.
"Tokio Trial"
Authors: García Aldo J.
Published: December 2020

Los denominados juicios de Tokio y de Nuremberg, montados para juzgar los crímenes cometidos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, serían el inicio de la justicia penal internacional bajo el sistema de la ONU. A partir de ellos y con la adopción del Estatuto de Roma en 1998 que crea la Corte Penal Internacional, aquel sistema tendrá un importante desarrollo pero, hasta nuestros días, no ha logrado la universalidad en su jurisdicción ni la unanimidad en su aceptación.
Cultivation Techniques for Six Alpine Taxa
Authors: Mackintosh Elspeth
Published: December 2020

Brief descriptions and cultivation techniques are given for six alpine taxa — Androsace tapete Maxim., Daphne cneorum L. var. pygmaea.Stoker, Helichrysum montanum DC., Lilium souliei (Franch.) Sealy, Primula dryadifolia Franch. and Stellera chamaejasme L.
Living Collection Curation
Authors: Mitchell David R
Published: December 2020

The necessity to redesign and relandscape the interior of the Temperate Palmhouse at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) created the opportunity to undertake a full curatorial survey of the palms and other plants contained in the Palmhouse. This paper gives the background to, and describes the process of, undertaking the survey. It stresses the need for maximum consultation with all interested parties to decide the fate of existing plants and make recommendations for new plantings. The result was a booklet describing the history and development of the Palmhouse, listings of all existing plants with notes on ethnobotanical use, value in teaching or research and final destination and suggestions for new species to meet the new design along with educational and interpretation opportunities. The resultant survey could act as a model for other projects.
Plates
Authors: Ensoll Andrew , Harper Geoffrey , Ursem Bob , Mitchell David R , Crutchley Simon
Published: December 2020

No abstract
Tree Fern Apical Temperatures at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Authors: Wardlaw Alastair , Galloway Louise , Ensoll Andrew
Published: December 2020

Tree ferns are difficult to maintain out of doors in the British Isles except in western localities, where winter temperatures are moderated by the North Atlantic Drift, or in places where buildings provide a clement microclimate. The present study of tree-fern apical temperatures during winter was carried out on five trunked specimens of Dicksonia antarctica that had been grown satisfactorily out of doors for several years, while planted in the ground of a courtyard at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE). The plants were never wrapped or otherwise protected with thermal insulation during the winter months. An electric thermometer was inserted into the apical cleft of each plant in November 2003, and weekly readings of minimum and maximum temperature taken until April 2004. The ambient temperature of the air in the courtyard was similarly recorded and compared with the screen and grass temperatures at the RBGE weather station in the main botanic garden.

The lowest grass and screen temperatures were respectively -11.2°C and -7.1°C, whereas the lowest courtyard and fern-apical temperatures were respectively -3.2°C and -0.8°C. Thus in the coldest period of that winter there was over 10°C difference in temperature between ground level in the main garden and a tree fern apical cleft in the sheltered courtyard.

The tree ferns were not noticeably damaged by exposure of the apical cleft region to just below freezing point on a few occasions and the fronds stayed green. The five individual plants differed considerably in trunk height, diameter and volume. Regression analysis revealed that there was a significantly increasing thermal-insulating effect in the apical cleft associated with larger trunk diameters and volumes.

The RBGE weather station temperatures during the winter of 2003-4 were unexceptional when compared with records from the previous 19 years. Thus the data from 2003-4 may be taken as representing a typical recent winter for this Edinburgh location.

This study highlights the benefits of having detailed temperature measurements when assessing the winter-protective capabilities of a particular micro—environment for a semi-hardy species such as D. antarctica.
The Use of Hand Held Tablet Laptops to Record Living Collections
Authors: Latta Janette
Published: December 2020

Plant records in botanic gardens are very important and are one of the factors that distinguish them from other types of plant collection. Stocktaking, to ensure that the records held in the database are reflected in the actual plants growing in the Garden, is a particularly important but very time-consuming process. The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is experimenting with a ruggedised laptop connected to the main database by using a wireless connection and mobile phone technology so that records can be updated ‘live’ in the garden. This paper describes the issues and lists the specification of the equipment being tested.
The Cultivation of Titan Arum (Amorphophallus titanum) :
Authors: Lobin Wolfram , Neumann Michael , Radscheit Markus , Barthlott Wilhelm
Published: December 2020

One of the most exciting plant species is the Titan Arum, Amorphophallus titanum, which can truly be regarded as a flagship species for botanic gardens. Wild populations suffer from an increasing pressure on their natural habitat, but botanic gardens can play an important role in the ex-situ conservation of the species. The cultivation of A. titanum is not easy but it offers an irresistible challenge for any keen horticulturist. The University of Bonn Botanic Gardens (Germany) has more than seventy years of experience in the cultivation of this giant and the purpose of this paper is to help the botanic garden community to achieve success in the cultivation of this fascinating plant.
Changing to APG II :
Authors: Latta Janette
Published: December 2020

In the summer of 2006, the Science Division at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh made the decision to change the classification system used in their collections of pressed and preserved plants from the modified Bentham and Hooker system to that published by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). As a result of that decision the Horticulture Division also decided to change its records and plant labels to the APG system. This paper describes the effect this had on the work of staff in both the Science and Horticulture Divisions as their collections had to be reorganized and relabelled to show the new family orders.
Botanic Gardens and Genetic Conservation
Authors: Heywood Vernon
Published: December 2020

No abstract
Anecdotes and Accuracy :
Authors: Garn Tony
Published: December 2020

No abstract
Data Capture and Taxonomic Determination of Cycadales at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Authors: Clugston James
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses a curatorial review of the Cycadales in the Living Collection at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) following the methodology described by Frachon et al. (2009). It provides an understanding of the cycads in the Living Collection and the diversity of the group represented at RBGE. The paper also describes the determination process and any changes in identification during the course of the project. This project was carried out as part of the second year project of the HND in Horticulture with Plantsmanship at RBGE.
Prioritisation for the Conservation of Cultivated Plants
Authors: Morris Mercy , David John , Upson Tim , Buffin Mike
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the case for the conservation of plants that have arisen in cultivation is provided and the mechanisms for extinction discussed, with examples. The approach to cultivated plant conservation over the past 30 years is reviewed and a basis for revising that approach explained. A new, far more comprehensive and rigorous method for prioritisation is proposed. This has been developed for the Plant Heritage Threatened Plants Project.
Harcourt Arboretum
Authors: Jones Ben
Published: December 2020

Harcourt Arboretum has been managed by the University of Oxford Botanic Garden since 1963. The year 2013 will be the 50th anniversary of this union and improvements to the visitor facilities which will provide increased educational opportunities are planned as part of these celebrations. Details of the history, management and developments are provided along with images of the Arboretum.
Prairie Gardening
Authors: Taylor Katherine
Published: December 2020

The paper attempts to unpick the real meaning of the term ‘prairie gardening’ and to explore its popularity in a European context. Establishment and maintenance techniques are also considered. The term is, however, applied without discrimination to a wide range of styles, from large-scale traditional prairie restoration or re-creation projects through to highly stylised prairie interpretations. Research included a literature review to assess the main ecological features of, and threats to, native North American Prairie and an examination of the origins of contemporary ‘prairie gardening’ in both the USA and Europe. Primary data was gathered from eight UK gardens associated with this planting style. The evidence suggests that the spectrum of styles encompassed by this term is broad even within the UK, a clear indication that its usage is over-simplistic and potentially ambiguous. The author offers her own classification of the genre under the umbrella term ‘prairie-style gardening’ in the hope of further clarification. The paper is a summary of a project which was carried out as part of the second-year project of the HND in Horticulture with Plantsmanship at Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
How to Make Fertiliser Balls for Aquatic Plants
Authors: Clifford Pat
Published: December 2020

No abstract
Botanic Garden Horticulturists :
Authors: Rae David
Published: December 2020

NNo abstract
Horticulture of Nutmeg: Germination, Propagation and Cultivation
Authors: Ursem Bob W.N.J. , Boesrie Winarko , Kluver Erwin
Published: December 2020

The living collection of plants in the nutmeg family, Myristicaceae, has been increasing at the Botanic Garden of Delft University of Technology (Delft BG) since 2001. Horticultural and research staff there have been exploring the horticultural requirements, molecular structure and chemical composition of these plants since then. This paper comments on the historical importanceof this family and the processes required to acquire live plant material. In recent years the significance of the mycorrhizal associations formed by the family and the consequences for their cultivation have been identified and these are described here along with the most effective methods of propagation as identified by staff at Delft BG.
Botanical Garden of the University of Oslo, Norway
Authors: Poulsen Axel Dalberg
Published: December 2020

The Botanical Garden in Oslo was established in 1814 and is the oldest part of the Natural History Museum, one of the two museums of the University of Oslo. To celebrate the bicentenary, the Museum decided to launch an ambitious programme of events covering the entire year and adding several new permanent assets. This paper provides a brief history of and current information about the Garden and describes the previously existing and new features, along with a map of the Garden. The bicentenary celebrations raised the profile of the Garden enormously in Norway, and it experienced a huge increase in visitor numbers as well as extensive media coverage. The increased popularity of the Garden and the expected future rise in population in the neighbouring suburbs simultaneously challenge the Garden to satisfy the need for green space as well as providing scientifically based information which reinforces the importance of plants.
The History of the Rock Garden at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Authors: Unwin Robert
Published: December 2020

The Rock Garden at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is well known and loved by alpine plant enthusiasts worldwide. This paper describes the history of the area since 1809 when it was established as the demonstration garden for the Caledonian Horticultural Society. It describes the change in horticultural fashions and techniques for growing and displaying plants, and the role that influential horticulturists have played in the history of the Garden. The paper is illustrated with maps and photographs taken throughout the period.
Guest Essay Global hosts and global pathogens: a perspective
Authors: Antonovics Janis , Hayden Katherine
Published: December 2020

Plant species are assailed by a remarkable diversity of pathogens, and these and other pests pose a serious direct risk to collections in botanic gardens as well as a potential source of pathogen escape. The high diversity of species in gardens combined with low population numbers minimises the likelihood of disease spread of specialist pathogens, but importation of novel pathogens is a constant concern. In parallel with natural systems, there is little data on pathogen loads in botanic gardens, on what accession policies minimise these and if such loads are likely to differ by country of origin or plant life form. Nevertheless, commonsense measures such as prohibiting the importation of plants in soil, shifting to seed and in vitro propagation, and inspection and quarantine on receiving and transferring plants should be implemented.This edition of Sibbaldia explores a variety of directions for improving our ability to develop strategies for dealing not just with pathogen threats, but with a more rational approach to pests and to microbial interactions that are a natural part of a plant’s heritage.
Phytophthora pathogens threaten rare habitats and conservation plantings
Authors: Frankel Susan J. , Alexander Janice , Benner Diana , Hillman Janell , Shor Alisa
Published: December 2020

Phytophthora pathogens are damaging native wildland vegetation including plants in restoration areas and botanic gardens. The infestations threaten some plants already designated as endangered and degrade high-value habitats. Pathogens are being introduced primarily via container plant nursery stock and, once established, they can spread to adjacent areas where plant species not previously exposed to pathogens may become infected. We review epidemics in California – caused by the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthoraramorum Werres, De Cock & Man in ‘t Veld and the first USA detections of P. tentaculata Kröber & Marwitz, which occurred in native plant nurseries and restoration areas – as examples to illustrate these threats to conservation plantings.
An integrated approach to meet future plant health challenges in Scotland
Authors: Saddler Gerry
Published: December 2020

Plants are a vital component for the maintenance of life on Earth and serve as the feedstock for many industries on which large parts of the world rely. Like all other forms of life, they are susceptible to disease and attack, sometimes with disastrous consequences for habitats and economies. Safeguarding plant health is therefore rightly recognised as one of the major objectives for the Scottish Government, and the reason for which the Government launched its Plant Health Strategy in 2016. This paper describes the drivers and aims for this Strategy and some of the industry-led initiatives which are enabling its implementation.
The Effects of In-Group Identification on College Students’ Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Peers With Mental Illness
Authors: Mustafiz Fayel , Dugan Dawn D.
Published: December 2020

Students with mental illness can feel stigmatized by their peers and may also have less perceived social support. However, it is thought that people are more likely to view someone more favorably if they perceive them as part of their in-group when sharing a common identity. Thus, an online survey was administered to 152 undergraduate students to investigate whether high in-group identification versus low in-group identification will lead to a more favorable view of a peer regardless of their mental health state and if a peer with stress would still be favored over a peer with mental illness. First, participants rated group identification with a hypothetical peer describing their Hunter College, CUNY experience in an audio clip. Then, participants heard the peer either reveal a mental health state of mental illness or stress. Finally, they rated perceived similarity and social distance toward the peer. Results of a factorial multivariate analysis of variance indicated significant main effects for both in-group identification, F(2, 147) = 8.01, p < .001, partial η2 = .10, and the peer’s mental health state, F(2, 147) = 8.00, p = .001, partial η2 = .10. Although the peer with mental illness was viewed less favorably than the peer with stress, irrespective of group identification, high in-group identification still led to a more positive evaluation of the peer than low in-group identification. These results are important for understanding how increasing awareness of group identification may reduce stigma toward students with mental illness and ultimately reduce barriers to care.
The ventilation parameters during the Nuss procedure for repair of pectus excavatum
Authors:   The Danylo Halytsky National Medical University in Lviv, Myhal I.I. , Fesenko U.A. ,   The Danylo Halytsky National Medical University in Lviv, Dvorakevich A.O. ,   Lviv Regional Pediatric Hospital, Albokrinov A.A. ,   Lviv Regional Pediatric Hospital
Published: December 2020

The ventilation parameters during the Nuss procedure for repair of pectus excavatum depend on surgical procedures and airway protection technique. The aim of the study: analyzing the ventilation parameters during the Nuss procedure for repair of pectus excavatum according to the airway protection technique. Material and Methods. The observational prospective study included 60 adolescents (boys/girls=47/13) who had undergone the Nuss procedure for repair of pectus excavatum under a combination of general anesthesia with different types of regional blocks. The patients were randomized into two groups (n=20 in each) according to the airway protection technique: Group S (n=32) where the patients were intubated with a standard single-lumen tube, and capnothorax with 4-6 mmHg intrapleural pressure was applied; Group D (n=28) where the patients were intubated with a double-lumen tube, and open pneumothorax was applied without additional pressure in the thoracic cavity. All patients were ventilated using PCV with changing of the parameters in relevance with EtCO2. The following parameters were analyzed: peripheral blood saturation (SpO2), inspiratory fractional oxygen concentration (FiO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (EtCO2), tidal volume (Tv), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), the number of repeated intubation attempts, and the quality of operation field visualization checked by surgeon with a 5-point scale. Results and Discussion. During capno/pneumothorax and bar rotation, in both groups SpO2 decreased up to 95%, which required increasing FiO2 up to 70% in Group D, and up to 63% in Group S (р=0.04). Applying capno/pneumothorax lead to reduced Tv, which was 52 ml less in Group D than in Group S (р=0.0001). The levels of EtCO2, PIP, and PEEP were comparable in both groups at all stages of the surgery. The number of repeated intubation attempts was- 1 case (3,1%) in group S, and 2 cases (7,1%) in group D: c2 = 0,51; p=0.48, the adjusted c22 = 3.84 for p <0.05. The quality of operation field visualization evaluated by the surgeons with the 5-point scale was better in Group D (4.5 points), than in Group S - 3 points (р<0.000001) at all stages. Conclusions. The one-lung ventilation using double-lumen left-side tube provides better operating field visualization than ventilation throw single-lumen tube with capnothorax. Both techniques supply adequate ventilation and oxygenation parameters. Key words: tracheal intubation, ventilation, pectus excavatum, Nuss procedure
Analisis Nilai Tambah pada Agroindustri Bawang Goreng Ali Masni di Kota Padang
Authors: Rizki Gary Syukra , Raessi Syahyana , Refdinal Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mendiskripsikan profil Agroindustri Bawang Goreng Ali Masni dan (2) Menganalisis besarnya nilai tambah yang diperoleh dari pengolahan bawang goreng pada Agroindustri Bawang Goreng Ali Masni. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi kasus. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk menganalisis besarnya nilai tambah menggunakan metode Hayami. Produk bawang goreng yang dihasilkan dari Agroindustri Bawang Goreng Ali Masni adalah bawang goreng kelas satu, kelas dua dan kelas tiga. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai tambah yang dihasilkan oleh Agroindustri Bawang Goreng Ali Masni untuk produk bawang goreng kelas satu sebesar Rp 16.757,903/kg dengan rasio nilai tambah sebesar 52,368% yang tergolong tinggi dan produk bawang goreng kelas dua sebesar Rp 10.857,903/kg dengan rasio nilai tambah sebesar 45,241% yang tergolong tinggi, sedangkan produk bawang goreng kelas tiga sebesar Rp 5.602,474/kg dengan rasio nilai tambah sebesar 31,125% yang tergolong sedang.
Perilaku Komunikasi Petani Dalam Mencari Informasi dan Tingkat Adopsi Inovasi Budidaya Padi Organik (Kasus Petani Padi Organik di Desa Pajaresuk dan Desa Pujodadi Kabupaten Pringsewu)
Authors: Suwito Suci Anti , Syarief Yuniar Aviati , Hasanuddin Tubagus
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan.untuk.mengetahui perilaku komunikasi petani.dalam.mencari informasi budidaya padi organik .di Desa .Pajaresuk .dan .Desa .Pujodadi .Kabupaten Pringsewu, .mengetahui .tingkat .adopsi inovasi .padi organik .di .Desa Pajaresuk .dan .Desa Pujodadi, .mengetahui .hubungan .antara .karakter petani terhadap .tingkat adopsi inovasi budidaya padi .organik ,serta .mengetahui .hubungan .antara .perilaku komunikasi .petani dalam mencari informasi .budidaya .padi organik dengan tingkat adopsi.adopsi inovasi budidaya padi.organik. Penelitian.ini dilakukan.secara.sengaja .(purposive). Pengambilan data dilaksanakan dari .bulan Agustus .2019 dengan menggunakan metode sensus Populasi pada  penelitian ini terdiri .dari petani .padi .organik di Pajaresuk sebanyak .8 petani responden dan .Pujodadi .Kabupaten Pringsewu sebanyak 9 responden..Menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif .dan .deskriptif kuantitatif, Uji .statistika yang digunakan .dalam penelitian .ini digunakan .uji korelasi berjenjang Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel .yang .berhubungan .dengan tingkat adopsi .inovasi budidaya padi  organic adalah variabel sifat inovasi.(X7) dan variabel perilaku komunikasi (Y2).
Optimalisasi Produksi Usahatani Sayuran Hidroponik Usaha Hydro Garden Padang
Authors: Winda Gusma , Mutiara Vonny Indah , Sari Rina
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketersediaan faktor produksi dan optimalisaasi produksi pada usaha sayuran hidroponik di Hydro Garden Padang. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi kasus, dengan respondennya adalah pemilik usaha dan tenaga kerja yang dijadikan sebagai informan kunci. Analisis data menggunakan model program linear dengan bantuan program komputer LINDO (Linier  Interactive Descrete Optimizer). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Hydro Garden Padang membudidayakan lima jenis sayuran yaitu pakcoy, basil, kailan, romain dan arugula. Input-input produksi yang digunakan dalam kegiatan produksi digolongkan menjadi dua. Input produksi tetap yang digunakan memiliki umur ekonomi 5 tahun sampai 10 tahun. Sedangkan input produksi variabel tidak terdapat permasalahan dalam hal ketersediaannya sehingga proses produksi dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa keuntungan yang diperoleh pada kondisi optimal yaitu sebesar Rp 6.358.493 dengan  memproduksi pakcoy sebanyak 52,5 kg, kailan sebanyak 19 kg, romain sebanyak 178,125 kg dan arugula sebanyak 95 kg. Hasil analisis dual menunjukkan bahwa yang termasuk kendala sumberdaya  terbatas adalah lahan, benih basil, benih romain, dan benih arugula. Jika terjadi kenaikan ketersediaan sumberdaya tersebut sebesar satu satuan maka akan meningkatkan keuntungan sebesar nilai dual pricenya. Analisis sensitivitas terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu analisis sensitivitas koefisien fungsi tujuan dan analisis sensitivitas nilai ruas kanan kendala. Hasil analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan nilai peningkatan maksimum dan nilai penurunan maksimum yang masih diperbolehkan agar hasil kondisi optimal tidak mengalami perubahan.
From political and intellectual biography of the Yakut emigrant Asklefeodot Afanasyevich Ryazansky (1898-1968)
Authors: Savvinov Pavel Olegovich
Published: December 2020

The subject of this research, dedicated to mental characteristics of the world of Yakut emigration of 1917 – 1940, is the history of Yakut emigration on the example of life of the active participant in the anti-Bolshevik movement in the northeast of Russia, who fought for the alternative path of development in the XX century and the Yakut emigrant Asklefeodot Afanasyevich Ryazansky (1898 – 1968). The object of this research is the history of Russian emigration. Historical-biographical method is applies in the course of this work. The article analyzes the adaptation of the Yakut emigrant in the context of impact of external factors in China and Australia, as well as his political views. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that the topic of Yakut emigration and “Yakut world” did not receive due coverage within the Russian historical science, although it is an important scientific problem that requires comprehensive examination on the background of Revolution of 1917 and Russian Civil war in the context of world history. The conclusion is made that along with majority of Russian emigrants of the first wave, A. A Ryazansky struggled for survival in the new conditions abroad and was able to adjust to foreign cultural environment, having become a prominent journalist in China, and later the owner of marine company in Australia. Ryazansky saw the future of his homeland (Russia) as a democratic federative state with guaranteed preservation of ethnocultural identity of the indigenous peoples of Yakutia with the possibility of receiving education.
Convicts and exiled in Yekaterinburg in 1723 – late 1730s: to the question on formation of social space of the city
Authors: Borodina Elena Vasil'evna
Published: December 2020

This article is dedicated to the history of the Institution of penal servitude and exile in Ural Region in the 1720s – 1730s. The subject of this research is the convicts and exiled who arrived to Yekaterinburg during the period from 1723 to the late 1730s. Analysis is conducted on the legislation dedicated to regulation of penal labor and exile in Russia. Differences in the government policy with regards to exiled in the XVII and XVIII centuries are revealed. The author also examines the reasons of the emergence of exiled and convicts in Ural Region, dynamics of their arrival from Tobolsk and the capital regions, as well as the stance of the mining and metallurgical authorities on this social category. Historians alongside legal historians turned attention to studying penal labor and exile in Siberia, practically not comparing the situation of exiled and convicts in other Russian regions. The novelty of this work consists in studying life of the representatives of this social group in the Ural Region in the early XVIII century, which was noted for transit location, connecting  European and Asian parts of the country, and was the center of mining and metallurgical industry. Leaning on the analysis of documental sources and records, the author concludes that convicts and exiled played a role in the formation of social space of Yekaterinburg. They were well integrated into the social relations: they were allowed to own homesteads and marry, but were under permanent control of the mining and metallurgical administration.
Destinasyon tanıtım aracı olarak etkinliklerin tekrar ziyaret etme niyeti üzerindeki etkisi: Şeb-i Arus örneği
Authors: BİŞKİN Ferdi , İDİKUT ŞAHİN Seda
Published: December 2020

Destinasyonlarda turizm talebi yaratmak ve söz konusu talebin sürekliliğini sağlama konusunda etkinliklerin bir araç olarak kullanılabileceği söylenebilir. Diğer bir deyişle etkinlikler turizm hareketliliğinin tüm yıla yayılması açısından bir fırsat olarak görülebilir. Etkinlikler destinasyonlara birçok farklı çekicilik unsurlarını aynı anda sergileyebilmesi açısından önemli fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Etkinlikler ayrıca turistik ürünlerin yerinde görülmesi konusunda ziyaretçileri teşvik etmesi ve tanıtım maliyetlerinin düşürülmesi konusunda birçok fırsat sunmaktadır. Etkinlik kapsamında değerlendirilen organizasyonların başarılı şekilde uygulanması, ziyaretçilerin memnuniyetini ve gelecek seyahat kararlarını da etkileyebilir. Bireylerin destinasyonlara tekrar ziyaret etme niyetinin oluşması destinasyonun turizmden elde edeceği gelirin arttırılması açısından önemli görülebilir. Tekrar ziyaret etme niyeti tanıtım maliyetlerinin düşürülmesinin yanı sıra ziyaretçilerin çevresindeki bireylere ulaşılması konusunda da bir fırsat oluşturabilir. Bu araştırma, etkinliklerin bireylerin destinasyonu tekrar ziyaret etme niyeti üzerinde herhangi bir etkisinin olup olmadığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, önemli kültürel etkinliklerden biri olan Şeb-i Arus törenlerini ziyaret eden ziyaretçilere anket uygulanmış ve elde edilen veriler analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, etkinliklerin ziyaretçilerin ilgili destinasyonu tekrar ziyaret etme niyetleri üzerinde etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Özellikle etkinlik sürecinde destinasyona özgü figürlerin ve değerlerin sergilenmesinin veya tanıtılmasının tekrar ziyaret etme niyeti üzerinde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
ANALISIS LITERASI SUKUK BAGI MAHASISWA FAKULTAS AGAMA ISLAM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM RIAU
Authors: Maulana Ag , Thamrin Husni
Published: December 2020

Para penggiat dunia akademik khususnya yang bergelut di dunia perekonomian tentunya sudah tidak asing lagi dengan sukuk ini. Karena adanya pengenalan teori dasar atau disebut dengan literasi sukuk kepada pelajarnya khususnya kepada mahasiswa. Hal ini dikarenakan melihat besarnya peluang sukuk yang semakin berkembang dengan pesat di setiap tahunnya. Sehingga bisa membuka pola fikir mahasiswa untuk mengatur keuangannya dengan berinvestasi sukuk. Salah satu lembaga akademik yang ada di Provinsi Riau adalah Universitas Islam Riau yang memiliki Fakultas Agama Islam yang terdapat 5 jurusan yang di antaranya prodi Ekonomi Syariah dan Perbankan Syariah yang telah mengedukasikan tentang sukuk. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana literasi sukuk pada mahasiswa Ekonomi Syariah dan Perbankan Syariah FAI UIR, sedangkan tujuannya untuk mengetahui tingkat literasi sukuk pada mahasiswa kedua prodi tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (Field Research) dengan populasi dari kedua prodi tersebut sebanyak 487 mahasiswa dan sampelnya menggunakan total sampling. Adapun metode pengumpulan data melalui penyebaran angket serta di analisis dengan kriteria interpretasi score yang bersifat deskriptif. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa literasi sukuk bagi mahasiswa dari kedua prodi ini masih dalam kategori “Cukup” dengan angka interpretasi 53,22% pada aspek pengetahuan dan juga kategori “Cukup” pada aspek keyakinan dan pemahaman dengan angka interpretasi 59,85%. Sedangkan pada aspek aktivitas sosialisasi tergolong “Kuat” dengan angka interpretasi 61,15% yang merupakan menggunakan media pembelajaran di mata kuliah dan juga melalui media masa (Social Media).
The Long Reformation at the Micro Level and from a Regional Perspective: On a new text of the Romanian Reformation in the Hațeg Region
Authors: Luffy Katalin
Published: December 2020

The study examines the issue of the long Reformation in a manuscript that originated in the late 17th century, the first decades of the 18th century. The manuscript is the product of the Reformation in Romania, whose linguistic and regional peculiarities are at least as important as its lay and occasional nature: we have not discovered another source that documents communal but not ecclesiastical, individual, but not solitary religious piety. We hereby undertake the micro- level analysis of this document.
The Founding Attempts of the Literary Historian. Solitudes, Singularities, Exemplarities
Authors: Bot Ioana
Published: December 2020

The present study reviews D. Popovici’s founding attempts in the field of literary history. It pursues his activity along four axes: critical editions of modern Romanian authors, studies in literary history, university lectures and “Studii literare” [Literary Studies], the scientific journal he founded as a professor of Cluj University. Both original and modern in his theoretic, methodologic as well as academic options, Popovici is a founder of institutions and initiator of a research school. His scientific projects are singular in their scope. Yet his critic posterity destines him to an unwarranted “singularity”. Our reflection focuses upon the exemplary elements in the scholar’s destiny.