bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated double knockout of SRPK1 and SRPK2 in a nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line
Authors: Prattapong Pongphol , Ngernsombat Chawalit , Aimjongjun Sathid , Janvilisri Tavan
Published: November 2019

Background

Serine‐arginine protein kinase (SRPK) is a regulator of alternative splicing events via phosphorylation of splicing factor proteins. Oncogenic roles of SRPK1 and SRPK2 have been reported in various types of cancer. To date, only SRPK1/2 specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA) have been used for halting their function momentarily; however, there is no attempt to generate SRPK1/2 stable knockout cancer cells as a tool to investigate their roles in tumorigenesis.

Aim

Our objective is therefore to establish a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell line with stable SRPK1 or SRPK2 knockout and SRPK1/2 double knockout as a model to investigate their potential roles in NPC.

Methods and Results

CNE1 was selected as a representative of NPC cell lines to create single and double knockout of SRPK1/2 proteins. SRPK1/2 KO plasmid with cas9, green fluorescent protein (GFP), and gRNA expression was cotransfected with SRPK1/2 homology‐directed repair (HDR) plasmid containing puromycin resistance, red fluorescent protein (RFP), and 5′ and 3′ arm sequence for homologous recombination to CNE1 cells. The transfected CNE1 cells with GFP and RFP expression were sorted through fluorescence‐activated cell sorting for further treatment with puromycin containing medium. This step generated stable single knockout of SRPK1 and SRPK2. The SRPK2 knockout NPC cells were used as a precursor for double knockout generation via transfection with Cre plasmid for excision of inserted material to generate puromycin‐sensitive SRPK2 knockout clone. The puromycin‐sensitive SRPK2 knockout cells were transfected with SRPK1 KO/HDR plasmid and treated with puromycin‐containing medium. The puromycin‐resistant cells of SRPK1/2 stable double knockout were expanded, and the corresponding protein expression was confirmed by western immunoblotting analysis.

Conclusion

Single and double knockout of SRPK1/2 were established using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/ CRISPR‐associated 9 (Cas9) system in an NPC cell line as a model for investigation of their splicing mechanism in NPC.
Assessing the exposure of forest habitat types to projected climate change—Implications for Bavarian protected areas
Authors: Steinacker Claudia , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Jaeschke Anja
Published: November 2019

Aim

Due to their longevity and structure, forest ecosystems are particularly affected by climate change with consequences for their biodiversity, functioning, and services to mankind. In the European Union (EU), natural and seminatural forests are protected by the Habitats Directive and the Natura 2000 network. This study aimed to assess the exposure of three legally defined forest habitat types to climate change, namely (a) Tilio‐Acerion forests of slopes, screes, and ravines (9180*), (b) bog woodlands (91D0*), and (c) alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (91E0*). We analyzed possible changes in their Bavarian distribution, including their potential future coverage by Natura 2000 sites. We hypothesized that protected areas (PAs) with larger elevational ranges will remain suitable for the forests as they allow for altitudinal distribution shifts.

Methods

To estimate changes in range size and coverage by PAs, we combined correlative species distribution models (SDMs) with spatial analyses. Ensembles of SDM‐algorithms were applied to two climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) of the HadGEM2‐ES model for the period 2061–2080.

Results

Our results revealed that bog woodlands experience the highest range losses (>2/3) and lowest PA coverage (max. 15% of sites with suitable conditions). Tilio‐Acerion forests exhibit opposing trends depending on the scenario, while alluvial forests are less exposed to climatic changes. As expected, the impacts of climate change are more pronounced under the “business as usual” scenario (RCP8.5). Additionally, PAs in flat landscapes are more likely to lose environmental suitability for currently established forest habitat types.

Main conclusions

Based on these findings, we advocate the expansion of the Natura 2000 network particularly in consideration of elevational gradients, connectivity, and projected climatic suitability. Nonclimatic stressors on forest ecosystems, especially bog woodlands, should be decreased and climate change mitigation efforts enhanced. We recommend transferring the approach to other habitat types and regions.
Electrode Composite for Flexible Zinc–Manganese Dioxide Batteries through In Situ Polymerization of Polymer Hydrogel
Authors: Zamarayeva Alla M. , Jegraj Akshaya , Toor Anju , Pister Veronika I. , Chang Cheryl , Chou Austin , Evans James W. , Arias Ana Claudia
Published: November 2019

It remains important to maximize energy density of wearable batteries. In addition, such batteries should be compliant, safe, and environmentally sustainable. Intrinsically safe zinc–manganese dioxide (Zn/MnO2) batteries are great candidates for powering wearables. However, achieving flexibility of these systems is hindered by the absence of a binder that ensures mechanical integrity of the MnO2 electrode composite. Herein, a unique approach to fabricate a mechanically robust MnO2 electrode is presented. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyacrylic acid (PAA) gel cross‐linked in situ via thermal treatment is used as a binder for the electrode. Furthermore, energy density and rate capability of the printed battery electrodes are improved by replacing graphite with single‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The batteries retain 93% capacity when the discharge rate is increased from C/10 to C/3, as well as 97% of their capacity after being flexed. In contrast, batteries based on conventional composition retain 60% and 23% of the capacity, respectively. Finally, the battery with the modified electrode has high areal energy density of 4.8 mWh cm−2 and volumetric energy density of 320 mWh cm−3.
Comparative assessment of compositing and anaerobic digestion of municipal biodegradable waste in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Nhubu Trust , Muzenda Edison , Mbohwa Charles , Agbenyeku Emmanuel O. M.
Published: November 2019

Composting and anaerobic digestion (AD) of biodegradable waste were assessed for their benefits from literature and environmental impacts using the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) procedure. Literature review findings indicate an overall edge for AD over composting largely due to its renewable energy production capabilities, reduced exhaust emissions, and cost effectiveness considering the entire municipal solid waste (MSW) life cycle. LCIA results show that both AD and composting lead to increases across the four impact categories considered namely, global warming, human health, eutrophication, and acidification. AD however showed lower contributions than composting to global warming, human health, and acidification. Composting only showed lower contribution than AD with regards to eutrophication. Overall study results indicate an edge for AD over composting in treating and managing biodegradable fraction of MSW generated in Harare and its surrounding urban and peri urban environments of Chitungwiza, Epworth, Norton, and Ruwa.
TAMU‐RPL: Thompson sampling‐based multichannel RPL
Authors: Gomes Pedro Henrique , Krishnamachari Bhaskar
Published: November 2019

For the success of critical applications in the IoT, there is a need to counteract the effects of external interference, especially when the unlicensed spectrum is used. One way of improving the performance is with a routing protocol that quickly reacts to changes in the environment and avoids path and/or frequencies with higher interference. In this paper, we propose an optimization to the RPL protocol, called TAMU‐RPL, that can keep a more accurate estimation of link quality to the neighbors and quickly react to degradation on the links. TAMU‐RPL also uses the quality of links at different frequencies and opportunistically avoids the ones with bad quality. It is evaluated through simulations with connectivity traces from a 40‐node test bed and in a real 5‐node deployment. We compare TAMU‐RPL with a baseline RPL protocol and a Dijkstra‐based shortest‐path algorithm. Results show that TAMU‐RPL can successfully explore the neighbors and obtain ETX values much closer to the ones obtained with a shortest‐path tree, even when link quality changes over time. In the simulation evaluation, TAMU‐RPL was able to double the number of packets received at the sink compared to RPL and reduced the average delay of packets (in time slots) by more than 10%. In the real deployment, the number of packets received at the sink was increased by more than 33%.
Heterocyclic aromatic amines in doner kebab: Quantitation using an efficient microextraction technique coupled with reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Mohammadi Abdorreza , Barzegar Fatemeh , Kamankesh Marzieh , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin
Published: November 2019

The safety of doner kebab as a traditional Middle East tasty food can threaten via the formation of dangerous compounds such as heterocyclic aromatic amines during heat process. In this regard, the current investigation was devoted to measuring of 4 HAAs (2‐amino‐3,4‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (MeIQ), 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP), and 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (IQ)) in doner kebab samples with an innovative microextraction technique combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography. The limit of detection was in the range of 4.8 and 5.3 ng/g, while relative standard deviations were between 6.5% and 8.3%, and recoveries were calculated in the range of 89%–97%. The most and the least total mean values of HAA levels were 13.30 ng/g for MeIQx and 5.0 ng/g for IQ. The proposed method showed a high capability to extract trace amount of HAAs from a complex matrix such as doner kebab. Also, this technique is easy, high sensitive, selective, accurate and efficient.
Modelling the neonatal system: A joint analysis of length of stay and patient pathways
Authors: Adeyemi Shola , Demir Eren
Published: November 2019

In the United Kingdom, one in seven babies require specialist neonatal care after birth, with a noticeable increase in demand. Coupled with budgeting constraints and lack of investment means that neonatal units are struggling. This will inevitably have an impact on baby's length of stay (LoS) and the performance of the service. Models have previously been developed to capture individual babies' pathways to investigate the longitudinal cycle of care. However, no models have been developed to examine the joint analysis of LoS and babies' pathways. LoS at each stage of care is a critical driver of both the clinical outcomes and economic performance of the neonatal system. Using the generalized linear mixed modelling approach, extended to accommodate multiple outcomes, the association between neonate's pathway to discharge and LoS is examined. Using the data about 1002 neonates, we noticed that there is a high positive association between baby's pathway and total LoS, suggesting that discharge policies needs to be looked at more carefully. A novel statistical approach that examined the association of key outcomes and how it evolved over time is developed. Its applicability can be extended to other types of long‐term care or diseases, such as heart failure and stroke.
Analysis of nonlinear thermal radiation and higher‐order chemical reactions on the non‐orthogonal stagnation point flow over a lubricated surface
Authors: Abbasi Aamar , Riaz Iqra , Farooq Waseh , Ahmad Manzoor
Published: November 2019

A numerical study is performed to discuss the heat and mass transfer on oblique stagnation point flow over a lubricated surface with nonlinear thermal radiation and higher‐order chemical reactions. The problem is formulated using basic conservation laws of mass, momentum, energy, and mass concentration in terms of partial differential equations along with nonlinear boundary conditions. These governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by means of similarity transformations. The system of resulting ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by an implicit finite difference scheme known as the Keller–box method. The quantities elaborated in the problem, such as velocity, temperature, skin friction, and local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are analyzed for several values of involved parameters. The obtained results are presented through various graphs and tabular data and showed a good agreement with the existing results in the literature, which are the subcases of the present work. The heat transfer rate enhances with nonlinear thermal radiation and mass transfer rate decreases with increasing the order of chemical reaction.
Potential of a parabolic trough solar concentrator for electric energy production
Authors: Alshqirate Abed Alrzaq , Alblawi Adel , Asfer Mohammad
Published: November 2019

At present, parabolic trough technology is considered as the most low‐cost and powerful large‐scale technology to utilize solar energy for electricity generation and produce steam for different industrial usages. This article recommends the generation of electricity by using a parabolic trough solar concentrator in the central area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) at Dawadmi city. Pressurized water is used as the heat‐transfer working fluid. A computer algorithm was built using the Matlab program to simulate the performance parameters of the Euro Trough collector (ETC). The input data included the properties of the working fluid (pressurized water) and the designing parameters of ETC. The output data were the outlet water temperature, the coefficient of heat transfer, the heat loss, and the thermal, solar, and global efficiencies. The obtained results indicated the ability of this type of parabolic trough in KSA to generate electric power due to the high‐performance parameters achieved. Also, the validity of using the simulation technique was measured and it showed good conformity.
The contribution of school experience to students' resilience following a terror‐related homicide
Authors: Yablon Yaacov B. , Itzhaky Haya
Published: November 2019

Schools have a significant effect on students' development, and serve as important social agencies for interventions for students facing disasters. However, little is known about the effect of students' school experience itself on their resilience when facing extreme negative events. The present study focused on students who were exposed to terror‐related homicide with the aim of investigating the contribution of school climate resources to their resilience. Since resilience is associated not only with fewer negative outcomes, but also with positive change, the contribution of schools was studied as both inhibiting post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTS) and enhancing post‐traumatic growth (PTG). A mixed‐methods research design was used. The participants included 117 (52% girls) high school students (mean age = 14.54; SD = 1.49). Twenty‐five of them were interviewed in addition to responding to the research questionnaires. Different aspects of the school climate were found to be associated with students' PTS and PTG, yielding two overarched factors explaining the school's role as a protective resource: sheltering and supporting. The former is associated with fewer PTS and the latter with higher PTG. The use of different resources for different forms of resilience is discussed.
In vivo detection of tumor boundary using ultrahigh‐resolution optical coherence angiography and fluorescence imaging
Authors: You Jiang , Pan Chelsea , Park Kicheon , Li Ang , Du Congwu
Published: November 2019

Accurate detection of early tumor margin is of great preclinical and clinical implications for predicting the survival rate of subjects and assessing the response of tumor microenvironment to chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Here, we report a multimodality optical imaging study on in vivo detection of tumor boundary by analyzing neoangiogenesis of tumor microenvironment (microangiography), microcirculatory blood flow (optical Doppler tomography) and tumor proliferation (green fluorescent protein [GFP] fluorescence). Microangiography demonstrates superior sensitivity (77.7 ± 6.4%) and specificity (98.2 ± 1.7%) over other imaging technologies (eg, optical coherence tomography) for tumor margin detection. Additionally, we report longitudinal in vivo imaging of tumor progression and show that the abrupt tumor cell proliferation did not occur until local capillary density and cerebral blood flow reached their peak approximately 2 weeks after tumor implantation. The unique capability of longitudinal multimodality imaging of tumor angiogenesis may provide new insights in tumor biology and in vivo assessment of the treatment effects on anti‐angiogenesis therapy for brain cancer.
Novel dithiocarbamate–Hg(II) complexes containing mixed ligands: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and H2 storage capacity
Authors: Al‐Nassiry Amenah I. A. , Al‐Janabi Ahmed S. M. , Thayee Al‐Janabi Omer Y. , Spearman Peter , Alheety Mustafa A.
Published: November 2019

A tetrahedral Hg(II) diethyl dithiocarbamate (Et2Dt) complex containing triphenylphosphine (PPh3) of the composition [HgCl(κ2‐Et2Dt)2(PPh3)] (1) is prepared. Furthermore, complex (1) is used as a synthone to prepare a novel series of complexes of the following composition [Hg(Et2Dt)L(PPh3)] {L = saccharinate (2), thiosaccharinate (3), benzisothiazolinate (4), benzothiozole‐2‐thiolate (5), and benzooxazole‐2‐thiolate (6) anions}. The resulted complexes (1)–(6) are characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, powder X‐ray diffraction, fourier transform Infrared, and NMR (1H and 31P) spectroscopic techniques. The Et2Dt ligand is coordinated as bidentate chelate through the sulfur atoms, whereas the L ligands are bonded as monodentate ligands to afford a tetrahedral geometry around the Hg(II) ion. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm for two of as‐prepared complexes (2) and (3) are measured first to get their Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area. Moreover, the mentioned two complexes are evaluated for their ability to store hydrogen gas at 77 K. However, the results of the hydrogen storage tests proved that the selected complexes are all capable of storing hydrogen, but in varying degrees, where complex (2) exhibited a storage capacity of 4.22 wt% under 88 bar.
Not a victim: How self‐deception saved David
Authors: Graber Liat S.
Published: November 2019

This paper summarizes a course of psychotherapy in which the therapist integrated concepts and strategies from psychoanalytic and cognitive‐behavioral orientations in treating a gay man with HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder and a history of sexual abuse. The article highlights the psychologically protective function that deception served in the treatment of this patient, and how the therapist navigated the fragility of these inner fictions. Further, it illustrates the way in which the therapist–patient dynamic was colored by a psychoanalytic process known as projective identification.
Kinky integrins reveal a new wrinkle in neutrophil activation
Authors: Morikis Vasilios A , Rivara Kathryn , Simon Scott I
Published: November 2019

Discussion on the flexible kink produced in the β2-integrin transmembrane domain blocking mechanotransduction of signals necessary for neutrophil arrest and spreading.
Diverted corner cube retroreflector (D‐CCR) for functional projection screen
Authors: Uchida Tatsuo , Ohtera Ryosuke , Wako Kazuhiro , Ishitaka Yumiko , Kano Mitsuru , Käläntär K.
Published: November 2019

We devised and developed functional projection screen for personal use, small meetings, car pillars, and near‐eye projection. The screen deflects incident light from a projector by a fixed angle θview and diffuses in a certain angular range Δθview. We have realized the screen by modifying the fine structures based on the corner cube reflector (CCR) and reported basic concept and optical characteristics at IDW2017 and SID2018. However, there remained issues of light in unnecessary direction and insufficient uniformity of the diffused light. In this paper, we report on further modification of the fine structures by optimizing the inclination angles of three curved surfaces of the CCR that result in change of the diffused light pattern. Consequently, the modifications of the deflection angle θview and the diffusion angle Δθview resulted in significant improvement in the screen characteristics. These new results were applied to the screen for personal use and car pillar applications.
Initiating Mechanism of the Anionic Polymerization of Methacrylates with t‐BuOK and the Synthesis of ABA Type Triblock Copolymers
Authors: Zhang Tongyuan , Zheng Anna , Zou Guijin , Wei Dafu , Xu Xiang , Guan Yong
Published: November 2019

Using potassium tert‐butoxide (t‐BuOK) as initiator, anionic polymerization and copolymerization of the methacrylate monomers are carried out in tetrahydrofuran at 0 °C or above. The polymers are characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). There is a critical concentration of the active species in t‐BuOK, above which no matter how much more t‐BuOK is added, it has no initiation activity. Among the active species of t‐BuOK, the main part possesses large average vibration distance between anion–cation pairs, which can initiate all methacrylate monomers in this study. While another part of the active species possesses the small average vibration distance, which can only initiate the polymerization of methyl methacrylate at slow rate. It provides an supporting evidence for the “channel idea” proposed previously. Finally, poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(lauryl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA‐b‐PLMA‐b‐PMMA) three‐block copolymer is synthesized. This study paves the way for the synthesis of thermoplastic elastomers with full polar monomers and full saturated chains by anionic polymerization.
A Simple Route to Hierarchical Rings of Diblock Copolymer Micelles
Authors: Ni Bijun , Yin Yue , Peng Juan
Published: November 2019

A hierarchically assembled necklace composed of amphiphilic diblock copolymer micelles is exquisitely produced by capitalizing on two concurrent self‐assembly processes at different scales (i.e., “breath figure” strategy of diblock copolymer micelles solution evaporating in humid air to yield rings at the microscopic scale in conjunction with self‐assembly of diblock copolymer micelles within individual ring at the nanometer scale). Intriguingly, hierarchical rings of diblock copolymer micelles comprising gold precursors or fluorescent dyes can also be crafted using this strategy. Upon exposure to hydrophilic block‐selective solvent, core‐corona inversion of micelles within the microscopic rings occurs. In contrast, such inversion is inhibited when the micelles are impregnated by gold precursors. This simple yet effective strategy for engineering diblock copolymer micelles may be extended to produce hierarchically assembled structures consisting of other functional block copolymers (e.g., stimuli‐responsive block copolymer) and nanocrystals (e.g., semiconducting, magnetic, ferroelectric, etc.) with unique catalytic, magnetic, ferroelectric, optical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties.
Two‐stage free flap reconstruction of the scalp and calvaria for large neurosurgical resections
Authors: Ray Anne‐Claire , Philandrianos Cécile , Bertrand Baptiste , Mélot Anthony , Roche Pierre‐Hugues , Jaloux Charlotte , Casanova Dominique
Published: November 2019

Background

Free tissue transfer is occasionally necessary during reconstruction of large scalp and calvarial bone resections. A single‐stage procedure is usually performed but if a flap becomes necrotic it exposes brain tissue or the meninges. Performing a two‐stage procedure, the surgeon must preserve flap vitality and manage flap complications before resecting a tumor, and therefore before exposing the brain or meninges. We report here the first series of two‐stage free‐flap reconstruction during major neurosurgical resection.

Methods

From 2012 to 2018, nine free‐flaps were performed to eight patients (61 years‐old, on average). Average skull resection was 10.1 cm × 15 cm (range 6–18 cm × 9–24 cm). It was performed in all cases due to large malignant tumors. Resection/reconstruction was performed in all case in a two‐step procedure: during the first step, the free‐flap was harvested and anastomosed to the cranial site; during the second step, resection was performed and the flap was positioned into the defect to assure coverage.

Results

Average flap size was 11.3 cm × 17.7 cm (range: 7–20 cm × 11–30 cm). Two flap complications occurred after the first stage and one flap did not survive. One patient died before the second stage. Seven patients had the second procedure; no flap complication occurred. All procedures ended in complete wound healing. Follow‐up period was 41.5 months on average (range: 10–83 months). Final outcome was total remission for two patients, recurrence for four patients, and two patients died.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that the two‐stage free‐flap reconstruction may be employed for major scalp and calvaria resection.
A novel printed circularly polarized asymmetric wide slot antenna for digital cellular system
Authors: Singh Anil Kumar , Patil Shilpee , Kanaujia Binod Kumar , Pandey Vijay Kumar
Published: November 2019

A new design of printed wide slot circularly polarized (CP) antenna for digital cellular system (DCS) is proposed in this communication and is simulated by using HFSS simulation software. The proposed antenna having inverted T shaped patch with a small notch and an asymmetric wide slot etched on the ground with a horizontal strip placed at the upper left corner for desired operating frequency. The right‐hand circular polarization (RHCP) in +z direction for desired frequency is achieved by a small notch cut in patch. The designed antenna fabricated on the layer of easily available dielectric (FR‐4) as a substrate. Proposed antenna shows an impedance bandwidth of 20.73% at 1.93 GHz of center frequency. The 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) for desired operating band is 6.84% at 1.9 GHz of center frequency. The peak gain and radiation efficiency are found as 3 dBi and 95%, respectively. The proposed antenna has a good radiation pattern and has an excellent agreement between simulated and experimental data.
Yes, You Really Can See 8K in Your Future
Authors: Chinnock Chris
Published: November 2019

Is there a noticeable difference between 4K and 8K images at normal TV viewing distances? Some say no. However, Chris Chinnock, the 8K Association's executive director, argues that simple acuity only tells part of the story, and 8K images engage key aspects of human vision.
Splitting method for an inverse source problem in parabolic differential equations: Error analysis and applications
Authors: Shekarpaz Simin , Azari Hossein
Published: November 2019

In this work, we present a numerical method based on a splitting algorithm to find the solution of an inverse source problem with the integral condition. The source term is reconstructed by using the specified data and by employing the Lie splitting method, we decompose the equation into linear and nonlinear parts. Each subproblem is solved by the Fourier transform and then by combining the solutions of subproblems, the solution of the original problem is computed. Moreover, the framework of strongly continuous semigroup (or C0‐semigroup) is employed in error analysis of operator splitting method for the inverse problem. The convergence of the proposed method is also investigated and proved. Finally, some numerical examples in one, two, and three‐dimensional spaces are provided to confirm the efficiency and capability of our work compared with some other well‐known methods.
Later life cognitive impairment: an ophthalmological diagnostic clue?
Authors: Aung Phyu Phyu , Hamid Shahd , Larner Andrew J
Published: November 2019

Although cognitive impairment in later life is often due to neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease, precise diagnosis may sometimes be difficult, particularly in the context of multi‐morbidities. In addition, although the genetic aetiology of neurological diseases is increasingly defined, the full spectrum of clinical features associated with particular genetic mutations may be uncertain. Here the authors present a case that illustrates some of these problems, and in which neurological signs may have been a clue to the underlying cognitive diagnosis.
Stratified exercise therapy compared with usual care by physical therapists in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial protocol (OCTOPuS study)
Authors: Knoop Jesper , Dekker Joost , van der Leeden Marike , de Rooij Mariëtte , Peter Wilfred F.H. , van Bodegom‐Vos Leti , van Dongen Johanna M. , Lopuhäa Nique , Bennell Kim L. , Lems Willem F. , van der Esch Martin , Vliet Vlieland Thea P.M. , Ostelo Raymond W.J.G.
Published: November 2019

Objectives

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by its heterogeneity, with large differences in clinical characteristics between patients. Therefore, a stratified approach to exercise therapy, whereby patients are allocated to homogeneous subgroups and receive a stratified, subgroup‐specific intervention, can be expected to optimize current clinical effects. Recently, we developed and pilot tested a model of stratified exercise therapy based on clinically relevant subgroups of knee OA patients that we previously identified. Based on the promising results, it is timely to evaluate the (cost‐)effectiveness of stratified exercise therapy compared with usual, “nonstratified” exercise therapy.

Methods

A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial including economic and process evaluation, comparing stratified exercise therapy with usual care by physical therapists (PTs) in primary care, in a total of 408 patients with clinically diagnosed knee OA. Eligible physical therapy practices are randomized in a 1:2 ratio to provide the experimental (in 204 patients) or control intervention (in 204 patients), respectively. The experimental intervention is a model of stratified exercise therapy consisting of (a) a stratification algorithm that allocates patients to a “high muscle strength subgroup,” “low muscle strength subgroup,” or “obesity subgroup” and (b) subgroup‐specific, protocolized exercise therapy (with an additional dietary intervention from a dietician for the obesity subgroup only). The control intervention will be usual best practice by PTs (i.e., nonstratified exercise therapy). Our primary outcome measures are knee pain severity (Numeric Rating Scale) and physical functioning (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscale daily living). Measurements will be performed at baseline, 3‐month (primary endpoint), 6‐month (questionnaires only), and 12‐month follow‐up, with an additional cost questionnaire at 9 months. Intention‐to‐treat, multilevel, regression analysis comparing stratified versus usual care will be performed.

Conclusion

This study will demonstrate whether stratified care provided by primary care PTs is effective and cost‐effective compared with usual best practice from PTs.
Apalutamide for the treatment of non‐metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: November 2019

Apalutamide (Erleada) is a selective androgenreceptor inhibitor licensed for the treatment of nonmetastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer in men who are at high risk of developing metastatic disease. This article discusses its properties, efficacy and side‐effects.
Clinical pharmacist roles in primary care networks
Authors: Petty Duncan
Published: November 2019

Clinical pharmacists are important members of the multidisciplinary team within primary care networks (PCNs), which were established across England in July 2019. This article discusses the roles that will be expected of clinical pharmacists within PCNs and how these roles are likely to develop in the future.
Sensitivity study of the planetary boundary layer and microphysical schemes to the initialization of convection over the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Schwitalla Thomas , Branch Oliver , Wulfmeyer Volker
Published: November 2019

In this study, we present a five‐member Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) physics ensemble over the Arabian Peninsula on the convection‐permitting (CP) scale and investigate the ability to simulate convection and precipitation by varying the applied cloud microphysics and planetary boundary layer (PBL) parametrizations. The study covers a typical precipitation event ocurring during summertime over the eastern part of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Our results show that the best results are obtained by using water‐ and ice‐friendly aerosols combined with aerosol‐aware Thompson cloud microphysics and the Mellor‐Yamada‐Nakanishi‐Niino (MYNN) PBL parametrization. The diurnal cycle of 2‐m temperature over the desert is well captured by all members, although a cold bias is present during the morning and evening transition. All members are capable of simulating the correct timing of the onset of convection. Simulations with the MYNN PBL and Thompson scheme produce the highest convective available potential energy (CAPE) and convective inhibition (CIN), associated with stronger mixing inside the PBL, leading to the formation of more dense liquid water clouds. The WDM6 microphysics scheme is not a suitable option, as there are hardly any liquid water clouds; mainly ice clouds are simulated. Precipitation is best captured by applying the MYNN and Thomspon scheme. Although the ensemble size is relatively small, this allows for the provision of cloud probability maps suitable for cloud‐seeding applications.
Locating and understanding the largest gender differences in pathways to science degrees
Authors: Witherspoon Eben B. , Schunn Christian D.
Published: November 2019

While gender parity has been achieved in overall science degree earning, large gaps still exist within many science disciplines. Further, studies addressing gender inequity in science often ignore a large source of undergraduate science degree earners: those who enroll in science courses intending to pursue careers in health or medicine. This study examines pathways toward or away from science degrees in N = 4,345 men and women enrolled in early science courses at a large undergraduate research university. Importantly, to understand shifts in students' academic intentions and how pathways to science may be differential by gender, this study analyzed students' incoming major and career intentions, estimates of incoming academic abilities, and relative performance in science and various non‐science courses. Results show that while men and women initially intending to pursue a science major graduate with science degrees in equal numbers, the plurality of science degree earners are students entering college intending health or medical careers. Further, from those subgroups, a significantly larger proportion of men end up in science, while a significantly larger proportion of women end up outside of STEM completely. Understanding disciplinary differences in gender barriers to science participation can help inform interventions that specifically target those populations.
A Novel Double Perovskite Oxide Semiconductor Sr2CoWO6 as Bifunctional Photocatalyst for Photocatalytic Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions from Water under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Idris Ahmed Mahmoud , Liu Taifeng , Shah Jafar Hussain , Zhang Xianwen , Ma Changtong , Malik Anum Shahid , Jin Ailing , Rasheed Saadia , Sun Yimeng , Li Can , Han Hongxian
Published: November 2019

Development of photocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) photocatalysts with a narrow bandgap is important for solar water splitting. Herein, narrow bandgap Sr2CoWO6 double perovskites with a light absorption edge of ≥700 nm are synthesized by a solid‐state reaction method varying the precursor ratios. The sample synthesized with a precursor Co/W ratio of 1:4 has a conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB) located at −0.82 and 0.95 V versus the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) at pH = 7, respectively. As a result, both the photocatalytic OER and HER are observed even without loading any cocatalysts. After loading Pt and Rh cocatalysts, the average photocatalytic OER and HER rates are 188 μmol h−1 g−1 (apparent quantum efficiency of 3% at ≈420 nm) and 30 μmol h−1 g−1, respectively. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the OER active sites may shift from a high overpotential W‐site to a low overpotential Co‐site when the W content is increased, which renders high photocatalytic activity for W‐rich samples. Therefore, W‐rich Sr2CoWO6 double perovskite is identified as a novel narrow bandgap bifunctional semiconductor photocatalyst for photocatalytic OER and HER, which is rare for oxide semiconductor photocatalysts. This work opens up a new avenue for the development of oxide‐based double perovskite semiconductor photocatalysts for photocatalytic water splitting.
Effects of characteristic parameters of isolation system on seismic response of isolated nuclear power plants
Authors: Xu Liuyun , Zhao Jinyi , Zhou Zhiguang
Published: November 2019

Seismic isolation is increasingly being used in both traditional and industrial structures for its ability to reduce structural responses while effectively protecting systems and components, such as machinery. After applying isolation, the standardize design can be achieved during seismic design of nuclear power plant. However, the seismic response of nuclear structure with different isolation characteristic parameters under different ground motions has not been fully studied. In this paper, a new generation passive nuclear power plant model was simulated with finite element method. The acceleration response, deformation, seismic mitigation efficiency, and response discreteness of nuclear structures with different isolation characteristic parameters were analyzed. The effect degree of isolation characteristic parameters on seismic response of nuclear structures was investigated. Performance spaces are introduced as an alternate method for evaluating responses of nuclear structures. The results show that isolation systems largely reduce both the mean value and discreteness of seismic response of nuclear structures.
A transfer learning fault diagnosis model of distribution transformer considering multi‐factor situation evolution
Authors: Yang Zhichun , Shen Yu , Zhou Renfei , Yang Fan , Wan Zilin , Zhou Zhiqiang
Published: November 2019

Aiming at the problem of limited fault data and data expiration of distribution transformers, a transfer learning fault diagnosis model of the distribution transformer considering multi‐factor situation evolution is proposed in this paper. First, the state quantities that influence the distribution transformer operation are constructed, and fuzzy binary quantification is used for the state quantities. The association between the state quantities and the fault is explored by the fuzzy Apriori algorithm, and the key state variables that induce the transformer fault are extracted. The Tanimoto coefficient is introduced for the limited fault data of distribution transformers, and the effective auxiliary fault data is transferred to the target distribution transformer. On this basis, the fault diagnosis model based on information transfer is proposed. A health index is introduced to describe the distribution health levels, and the auxiliary fault data in different health levels is transferred because data has expired. On this basis, the fault diagnosis model for data expiration is proposed. The weights of the target and auxiliary fault data in the above model are iteratively solved by using the TrAdaBoost algorithm. Finally, an example analysis is carried on the basis of distribution transformer fault data, and the simulation results show that the fault diagnosis accuracy of the model is high and that it has stronger generalization ability than traditional diagnosis models. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Method for suppressing voltage fluctuations of grid‐connected doubly fed induction generator based on mathematical mechanization theory
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Wang Minglei , Qiao Jinxin , Wang Liguo
Published: November 2019

In order to quickly suppress voltage fluctuations at the point of common coupling (PCC) caused by the doubly fed induction generator, a closed‐loop control method of the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is proposed, through which proportional integral (PI) parameters of the current inner loop can be adjusted online. The core aim is to derive quantitative relationships between the PI parameters and the output current of the STATCOM based on combining mathematical mechanization theory (MMT) with digital signal processing. Due to the reduction and quasidivision of the MMT, this original control method can be used to adjust the PI parameters of the STATCOM online according to the actual sampling voltage and sampling current data. The simulation and experimental results show that this control method can make a quick PCC voltage recovery within 10 ms, which satisfies the Chinese standard GB/T‐14549‐93. It can provide a solution for large‐scale wind power curtailment that should be solved imperatively. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Correction to: Measurement and Control of Charged Particle Beams
Authors: Minty Michiko G. , Zimmermann Frank
Published: November 2019

All chapters in the book are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
VISTA expression is associated with a favorable prognosis in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Zong Liju , Zhou Yuncan , Zhang Ming , Chen Jie , Xiang Yang
Published: November 2019

Blockading programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) shows promising results in patients with some cancers, but not in those with ovarian cancer. V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a recently discovered immune checkpoint protein that suppresses T cell activation. This study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of VISTA in ovarian cancer as well as its relationship with PD-L1. VISTA and PD-L1 levels in 146 ovarian cancer samples were assessed using immunohistochemistry. We investigated the association between VISTA and other clinicopathological variables, including survival. The associations between the VISTA-encoding C10orf54 gene, other immune checkpoints, and survival were analyzed. VISTA was detected in 51.4% of all samples and 46.6% of PD-L1-negative samples; it was expressed in 28.8%, 35.6%, and 4.1% of tumor cells (TCs), immune cells (ICs), and endothelial cells, respectively. Furthermore, VISTA expression was associated with pathologic type and PD-L1 expression. Moreover, VISTA expression in TCs, but not in ICs, was associated with prolonged progression-free and overall survival in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer. The expression of C10orf54 mRNA was associated with prolonged overall survival and immune escape-modulating genes. These results showed that VISTA expression in ovarian tumor cells was associated with a favorable prognosis in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer; however, additional studies are required to better understand the expression and role of VISTA in ovarian cancer.
Prospective comparison of indwelling cannulas drain and needle aspiration for symptomatic seroma after mastectomy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Wu Xiufeng , Luo Yiping , Zeng Yi , Peng Wei , Zhong Zhaoming
Published: November 2019

Aims

Postoperative seroma is the most frequent sequelae after mastectomy and axillary surgery with no optimal regimens for seroma resolution recommended in routine clinical. Indwelling cannulas with needle and catheter have been widely used in long-term medication therapies, but evidence of indwelling cannulas in seroma management after mastectomy is lacking. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of indwelling cannulas in seroma management after mastectomy.

Methods

Patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM) and developed symptomatic seroma after removal of the drains between August 2017 and December 2018, were randomized into two groups either indwelling cannulas drain of seroma (Group A) or needle aspiration of seroma (Group B). We prospectively compared the number of visits for seroma, the time from removal of the drain to the final seroma resolution and the cost between the methods.

Results

A total of 860 patients underwent MRM between August 2017 and December 2018, among which 86 patients who developed symptomatic seroma after removal of the drains, were randomized into two groups either Group A or Group B. The number of visits for seroma in Group A was 2.35 ± 0.69 times, which was less than those in Group B (4.86 ± 1.06 times). Similarly, the time of drain removal to final seroma resolution in Group A was 4.65 ± 0.78 days, which was shorter than 7.09 ± 1.54 in Group B. In Group A, the total mean cost per patient (25.81 ± 7.71 RMB) was less than the total mean cost per patient (49.30 ± 9.85 RMB) in Group B. Cost savings were noted with using indwelling cannulas in seroma management.

Conclusion

It is feasible to drain indwelling cannulas drain for postmastectomy seroma, with less visits for patients, rapid seroma resolution and less cost. Indwelling cannulas can be an efficient, cost effective solution to treat symptomatic seroma after breast surgery.
Optimierung einer sensorlos betriebenen Synchron-Reluktanz-Maschine hinsichtlich des Wirkungsgrades
Authors: Nikowitz Mario , Hofer Matthias , Schrödl Manfred
Published: November 2019

In dieser Arbeit wird der sensorlose Betrieb einer Synchron-Reluktanz-Maschine bezüglich einer effizienten Betriebsweise optimiert. Der sensorlose Betrieb des Motors wird je nach Drehzahl in einen unteren und in einen oberen Drehzahl-Bereich aufgeteilt. Für niedrige Drehzahlen kommt das INFORM-Verfahren zum Einsatz, dessen Grundidee auf Ausnutzung der magnetischen Anisotropie des Rotors beruht. Durch eine sinnvolle Wahl der Rotorgeometrie kann erheblich Einfluss auf die sensorlosen Eigenschaften und somit auf den bestmöglich erzielbaren Wirkungsgrad genommen werden. Für die höheren Drehzahlen wird der Einsatz des „elektromotorische Kraft“-Modells (kurz EMK-Modells) dem Betrieb mit dem Kurzschluss-Modell gegenübergestellt. Auch hier kann durch die Wahl des geeigneten sensorlosen Verfahrens der Wirkungsgrad des Antriebs erheblich verbessert werden. Schlussendlich werden die in dieser Arbeit erörterten optimalen Betriebsweisen messtechnisch verifiziert.
Hepatoprotective effect of meal replacement seeds juice based on sweet potato (MRSJ) against CCl4-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells
Authors: Park Hye-Jung , Lee Song Min , Kim Hee Sook , Kim Ji-Youn , Lee Sang-Hyeon , Jang Jeong Su , Lee Mun Hyon
Published: November 2019

A sweet potato-based Meal Replacement Seeds Juice (MRSJ) was developed by mixing sweet potatoes and carrots with four types of seeds. Consuming the MRSJ rather than the whole vegetables or whole seeds improved digestive function, proving that it is suitable for the elderly. Its rich composition of minerals, vitamins, and unsaturated fatty acids implicates it as an excellent nutrient source. Notably, the ethyl acetate fraction of MRSJ contains abundant phenolics. The antioxidant activity assays showed that these phenolics have high radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and antioxidant capacity similar tol-ascorbic acid. The ethyl acetate fraction exerted protective effects against CCl4- or H2O2-induced hepatotoxicity via DNA protection, lipid accumulation inhibition, and cell protection, wherein ALT and AST activities in the cell culture solution decreased significantly. These findings suggest that MRSJ consumption may protect against liver diseases. Moreover, MRSJ as an excellent nutrient source may be developed as an age-neutral food.