bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS)
Authors: Jozefiak Thomas , Hanssen-Bauer Ketil , Bjelland Ingvar
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) ble laget av David Shaffer og medarbeidere i 1983. Den skåres av kliniker og er et mål på barns psykososiale funksjonsnivå i den siste måneden før vurderingstidspunktet på en skala fra 1 (lavest fungering) til 100 (utmerket fungering). Den anbefalte aldersgruppen er 4-16/17 år. Det tar mindre enn 10 minutter å skåre CGAS. Det er ikke kjent om det er krav til kompetanse for å skåre CGAS. Ny informasjon om oversettelse og opphavsrett i 2022. Det foreligger nå en offisiell godkjent norsk oversettelse av CGAS. Denne er godkjent av rettighetshaverne ved Colombia University i USA for fri non-profit bruk både digitalt og i papirformat. Den ble oversatt i august 2022 av Lars Ravn Øhlckers, Børge Idar Mathiassen og Ketil Hanssen-Bauer, på vegne av Universitetssykehuset Nord-Norge. Litteratursøk: 34 norske artikler ble inkludert. Av disse hadde 19 flere enn 100 deltagere. De fleste studiedeltakerne var barn i 6-18 års alder, men også noen oppfølgingsstudier av voksne ble inkludert. De inkluderte studiene varierte betydelig med hensyn til type klinisk utvalg og det var både tverrsnitts- og longitudinelle studier. Psykometri: Vi fant tilfredsstillende dokumentasjon på konvergens-, diskriminerende og prediktiv validitet og interraterreliabilitet, men noe mindre på endringssensitivitet. Det manglet studier av test-retest reliabilitet. Konklusjon: Vi anbefaler bruken av den norske versjonen i både forskning og klinikk under forutsetningen av at man systematisk trener klinikere i skåringen.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av WHO Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5)
Authors: Kaiser Sabine , Kyrrestad Henriette
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: WHO-5 ble utviklet ved Psykiatrisk Center Nordsjælland i Danmark og publisert i 1998. WHO-5 er oversatt til norsk av Olaf Bakke i 2004. Selve oversettelsesprosessen er ikke dokumentert. Det foreligger ingen kommersielle rettighetshavere. WHO-5 måler trivsel og velvære og har vært benyttet i kliniske studier og som screeningverktøy for depresjon. WHO-5 kan brukes blant barn og unge fra ni år og eldre. Spørreskjemaet består av fem spørsmål som det tar ca. tre minutter å besvare. Det er ingen kompetansekrav til administrering av rapportinstrumentet eller til tolkning av skårene.
Litteratursøk: Litteratursøket resulterte i fem inkluderte artikler. Det var både tverrsnitt, RCT- og pre-post studier som inkluderte barn og ungdommer i alderen 10–19 år. To studier benyttet samme utvalg bestående av norske og danske ungdommer (N = 294). Ungdommene var trukket ut fra fastlegers pasientlister. Tre studier besto av svenske barn og ungdommer (N = 27–63) diagnostisert med depressive lidelser.
Psykometri: En artikkel rapporterte middelverdi og standardavvik og en rapporterte reliabilitet. Ingen av de inkluderte artiklene rapporterte noe normgrunnlag. Tre av artiklene rapporterte prediktiv validitet, sensitivitet og spesifisitet for WHO-5 når det ble brukt som screeningverktøy for depresjon.
Konklusjon: Den norske versjonen av WHO-5 har ikke tilstrekkelig dokumentasjon for å kunne vurdere kvaliteten på testens måleegenskaper og dokumentasjonen fra de svenske studiene er også begrenset. Det er derfor behov for flere studier som undersøker de psykometriske egenskapene til WHO-5.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V)
Authors: Brøndbo Per Håkan , Egeland Jens
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fifth Edition (WISC-V) ble publisert i USA i 2014 og den norske versjonen kom i 2017. Norsk og internasjonal rettighetshaver er Pearson Assessment. Oversettelsesarbeidet, inkludert kulturell tilpasning, ble gjennomført av Pearson Assessment med hjelp fra klinisk ekspertise i Norge, Danmark og Sverige. WISC-V er en individuelt administrert test av intellektuelle evner hos barn og ungdom i alderen 6:0-16:11 år. Testen består av 15 deltester, ti primære og fem sekundære deltester. Testtiden er beregnet til 45–80 minutter, avhengig av antall deltester og barnets alder. Psykologer og fagpersoner med mastergrad i pedagogikk med fordypning i pedagogisk-psykologisk rådgivning eller spesialpedagogikk fra UiO er kvalifisert til å kjøpe testen. For personer med mastergrad i pedagogikk eller psykologi fra andre læresteder er det et eget sertifiseringsprogram. Litteratursøk: Søket førte til 1119 norske, respektive 1865 svenske og danske treff. Ingen av treffene var relevante. Manualens skandinaviske normering er det eneste grunnlaget for vurdering av testens psykometriske egenskaper. Normer for aldersgrupper, validitet og reliabilitet, samt gjennomsnittsskårer for barn med lett intellektuell funksjonsnedsettelse og for særlig evnerike barn, ble rapportert i manualen. Psykometri: Normeringsutvalget bestod av 660 barn fra 6:0 til 16:11. Resultatene ble presentert som skalerte skårer fra 1 til 19, med et gjennomsnitt på ti og et standardavvik på tre. Indeksskårer ble konstruert med et gjennomsnitt på 100, et standardavvik på 15 og et skåreintervall på 45–155, respektive 40–160. Reliabilitetskoeffisienter (indre konsistens) på deltestnivå og indeksnivå var fra gode til utmerkede. Goodness-of-fit-analyse i forbindelse med konfirmatorisk faktoranalyse ga CFI 0,97-0,98 og RMSEA 0,05 for valgt femfaktormodell. Mønsteret av interkorrelasjoner mellom deltest, prosesskår og indeks viser store likheter med resultatene fra den amerikanske standardiseringen. Korrigerte rangkorrelasjonene for FSIQ og på indeksnivå mellom WISC-V og WISC-IV er høye (0,67-0,91). Kriterierelatert validitet som predikerer både intellektuell funksjonsnedsettelse og særlige evner var dårligere enn forventet og spesielt for gruppen særlig evnerike barn. Konklusjon: Det er behov for mer dokumentasjon av måleegenskapene i en klinisk skandinavisk kontekst. Basert på dokumentasjonen som finnes fremstår WISC-V i hovedsak som et reliabelt instrument for vurdering av evnenivå og kognitiv profil. Foreliggende data er utilstrekkelige til å vurdere hvorvidt WISC-V også er et valid instrument for vurdering av kognitiv profil. Klinisk profiltolkning bør dermed gjøres med forsiktighet.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av CRAFFT Screening Test
Authors: Rye Marte , Kopasov Roman A.
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: Det korte screeninginstrumentet CRAFFT ble opprinnelig utviklet av Knight et al. (1999). CRAFFT skal kunne identifisere ungdom i risiko for å utvikle alkohol- og rusrelaterte problemer. Instrumentet er copyrightbeskyttet av Bostons Children’s Hospital. Denne kunnskapsoppsummeringen omhandler måleegenskapene til to norske oversettelser av CRAFFT. Informasjon om oversettelsesprosessene foreligger ikke. Instrumentet består av seks spørsmål, hvor innholdet i hvert spørsmål til sammen utgjør akronymet CRAFFT (Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble). Det foreligger ingen formelle krav til kompetanse for administrering og tolking av skårer.
Litteratursøk: Litteratursøket resulterte i ti inkluderte artikler, hvorav ni var norske artikler og en var svensk. Artiklene kom fra fire studier. Til sammen presenterte studiene data fra ungdom i aldersgruppen 15–19 år. Syv artikler kom fra ulike delutvalg fra de longitudinelle studiene ung@hordaland og Barn i Bergen (N = 7874 - 9705), mens en studie kom fra Barn i Bergen studien alene (N = 2438). En artikkel var basert på en tvillingstudie som inkluderte 717 tvillingpar, mens en siste artikkel kom fra en svensk tverrsnittstudie som bestod av et generelt populasjonsutvalg (n = 1443) og et utvalg behandlingssøkende ungdom (n = 59).
Psykometri: Tre artikler presenterte middelverdier og standardavvik for CRAFFTs totalskår. Syv artikler oppga forekomst av problematisk alkohol- og rusbruk målt ved CRAFFT cut-off skår ≥ 2 for ulike delutvalg og undergrupper. Reliabilitet ble rapportert i syv artikler. Begrepsvaliditet ble rapportert i to artikler, mens samtidig validitet, sensitivitet og spesifisitet ble rapportert i to artikler.
Konklusjon: De ti inkluderte artiklenes resultater viser at CRAFFT har tilfredsstillende måleegenskaper. Da syv av de ti artiklene stammer fra den samme originalstudien er det for fremtidig forskning ønskelig at instrumentet studeres i flere utvalg med større variasjon i for eksempel geografisk tilhørighet og alder. Dette for å styrke instrumentets psykometriske egenskaper ytterligere og undersøke om funnene lar seg generalisere.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske foreldreversjonen av Developmental Behavior Checklist (DBC-P)
Authors: Halvorsen Marianne , Helverschou Sissel Berge
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: DBC-P ble utviklet i 1992 av Stewart Einfeld og Bruce Tonge i Australia. Norsk utgave er foreløpig kun tilgjengelig for forskere gjennom Western Psychological Services. Sjekklisten er nylig tilpasset og normert for USA, og det er kontakt mellom internasjonale rettighetshavere og et norsk forlag om publisering av en norsk versjon for klinisk bruk. DBC-P er utviklet for å kartlegge et bredt spekter av atferds- og emosjonelle vansker hos barn og unge med utviklingshemming og utviklingsforstyrrelser. Sjekklisten består av 96 ledd fordelt på seks delskalaer. Sjekklisten skal besvares av foreldre eller andre nære personer og det tar om lag 15 – 20 minutter å fylle den ut.
Litteratursøk: Systematisk litteratursøk ga 322 skandinaviske treff. I tillegg ble to artikler fra andre kilder vurdert. Av disse oppfylte to publikasjoner inklusjonskriteriene. De to studiene var baserte på et svensk/norsk utvalg av personer med Smith-Magenis syndrom. Utvalget bestod av personer i alderen 5–50 år med varierende grad av utviklingshemming. Middelverdier for DBC skalaer ble oppgitt samt dokumentasjon på begrepsvaliditet.
Psykometri: Middelverdier for DBC-skalaer i utvalg av personer med Smith-Magenis syndrom var vesentlig høyere enn originalnormene fra USA. Diskriminerende validitet var belyst gjennom assosiasjoner mellom DBC og Vineland-II. Konvergerende validitet var belyst gjennom assosiasjon mellom DBC «Social Relating» og autismesymptomer målt ved Social Responsiveness Scale.
Konklusjon: Måleegenskapene til DBC foreldreversjon er ikke tilstrekkelig undersøkt i Norge og Skandinavia.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Youth Self Report (YSR)
Authors: Reedtz Charlotte , Løvereide Stine
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: Youth Self Report (YSR) er et av spørreskjemaene som inngår i Achenbach´s System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA), i tillegg til Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) og Teacher´s Report Form (TRF). YSR måler kompetanse, adaptiv fungering og atferdsmessige vanskeområder for aldersgruppen 11–18 år. YSR opererer med en total skår, mål på internaliserende og eksternaliserende atferd, samt åtte ulike syndromskalaer. I tillegg beregnes skårer for kompetansedelen av skjemaet. Spørreskjemaet fylles ut på 20 minutter. Den første manualen ble utgitt i 1987. Torunn S. Nøvik og Sonja Heyerdahl (2002) står for den norske oversettelsen. For å gjennomføre YSR kreves det testspesifikk opplæring der mastergrad anbefales, sammen med relevant erfaring fra arbeid med ungdom og familier. Norske spørreskjemaer med engelsk manual og skåringsprogram kjøpes på aseba.nl. ASEBA-skjemaene er benyttet i kommunale tjenester, spesialisthelsetjenesten og forskning. Litteratursøk: Til sammen ble 27 norske og 23 svenske/danske artikler inkludert i oppsummeringen. Bare én av disse var en spesifikk psykometrisk studie, mens de andre var studier der YSR ble brukt for å måle kompetanse, adaptiv fungering og atferdsmessige vanskeområder enten som utfallsvariabel, kontrollvariabel eller for å beskrive gruppen. Av de inkluderte norske studiene var 21 av 27 basert på kliniske grupper (for eksempel premature, lav fødselsvekt, alvorlig dysleksi, medfødt hjertefeil eller atferdsvansker), men flere av disse hadde kontroll- eller sammenligningsgrupper fra generelle populasjoner. Av de inkluderte svenske/danske studiene var 7 av 23 basert på kliniske grupper, mens de øvrige studiene var basert på ulike geografiske populasjoner med skoleungdom fra 12–18 år. Psykometri: Totalt elleve av studiene hadde gjennomført adekvate studier av testens reliabilitet, mens det bare er gjennomført to normstudier basert på norske eller svensk/danske utvalg. Resultatene fra studiene støtter begrepsvaliditeten til testen som et godt mål på atferdsmessige vanskeområder. YSR viser moderate til høye korrelasjoner med andre spørreskjemaer for internaliserende og/eller eksternaliserende vansker. Konklusjon: Det er god dokumentasjon på testens reliabilitet basert på norske eller svenske/danske utvalg, samt relativt god dokumentasjon på testens begrepsvaliditet. Det er imidlertid få normstudier fra Skandinavia, og disse bygger enten på små utvalg, eller dataene er over 20 år gamle, noe som er problematisk ved klinisk bruk av spørreskjemaet. Det er behov for mer forskning på YSRs psykometriske egenskaper for bruk i Skandinavia.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) concentrations in canine malignant mammary tumours with and without metastases to regional lymph nodes
Authors: SZCZUBIAŁ MAREK , KANKOFER MARTA , ŁOPUSZYŃSKI WOJCIECH , DĄBROWSKI ROMAN
Published: April 2024

In the present study the concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in canine malignant mammary gland tumours and normal mammary gland tissues were examined. The homogenates of 36 malignant mammary gland tumours (26 tumours without metastases to regional lymph nodes and 10 tumours with metastases to regional lymph nodes) and 10 samples of normal canine mammary gland tissue were used in the study. The concentrations of VEGF-A in the homogenates were determined using specific canine ELISA assay. The results obtained showed that the mean concentration of VEGF-A in the malignant mammary tumours, both with and without metastases to regional lymph nodes (65.85 ± 28.24 pg/mg protein and 23.09 ± 10.86 pg/mg protein, respectively), was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the normal mammary glands (11.45 ± 6.47 pg/mg protein). Moreover, the mean concentration of VEGF-A was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the malignant mammary tumors with metastases to regional lymph nodes compared to that in the non-metastatic malignant mammary tumours. In the homogenates of mammary carcinomas, the mean VEGF-A concentration was higher in grade 3 tumours (61.96 ± 38.60 pg/mg protein) compared to that in grade 1 and grade 2 tumours (20.34 ± 7.53 pg/mg protein and 29.75 ± 17.65 pg/mg protein, respectively). A significant difference (p < 0.05) in VEGF-A concentration between grade 3 and grade 1 tumours was found. These results indicate that increasing the malignancy of canine mammary tumours and their potential for metastasis is accompanied by an increased production of VEGF-A in the tumour. This may suggest that an increased production of VEGF-A plays a role in malignant transformation and facilitates spreading of tumor cells and formatting of metastases in canine malignant mammary gland tumours.
Effects of Asprosin Levels and Some Biochemical Parameters on Conception in Repeat Breeder Cows
Authors: YENILMEZ KUDRET , ARSLAN SEZAI , VICIL SINAN , DOGAN HASAN
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of asprosin levels and various biochemical parameters (NEFA, BHBA, glucose, albumin, globulin, total protein, ALT, AST, and total bilirubin) on conception in repeat breeder (RB) cows. The study included sixty RB cows that had been inseminated at least three times, but had not been pregnant and had no gynecological abnormalities, as assessed by ultrasonography. From the sixty cows, two groups were selected at random: pregnant (Group I, n = 10) and non-pregnant (Group II, n = 10) animals. After estrus detection, a 10 mL blood sample was collected from each animal’s tail vein. All animals were inseminated 12 hours after the start of estrus. The blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes, and the serum was extracted and stored at –80°C until analysis. On the 45th day after insemination, ultrasonography was used to examine the pregnancy. Asprosin levels were measured using ELISA, and biochemical tests (NEFA, BHBA, glucose, albumin, globulin, total protein, ALT, AST, total bilirubin) were performed with an autoanalyzer. Non-pregnant RB cows had considerably lower levels of asprosin (p < 0.05) than pregnant RB cows. When other biochemical parameters (BHBA, NEFA, glucose, albumin, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, total protein and globulin) were compared, there was no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Thus, significantly elevated levels of asprosin in pregnant RB cows suggested that asprosin could play a role in RB cow conception. In addition, there was a positive correlation between asprosin levels and AST, total protein, and globulin levels in pregnant RB cows.
Evaluation of hydraulic adequacy of runoff disposal in urban watersheds of rapidly expanding towns
Authors: Dagnachew Adinew Chansler , Abebe Awass Adane , Mohammed Bushira Kedir , Yisihak Ukumo Tigistu , Edamo Muluneh Legesse
Published: April 2024

The growth of cities significantly alters natural catchments by increasing impervious surfaces and necessitating the installation of an appropriate drainage system. Arba Minch is rapidly expanding and facing street flooding. The objective of this study is to assess the hydraulic adequacy of runoff disposal in urban watersheds located in rapidly expanding towns. Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) was used to perform rainfall-runoff simulation. Personal Computer SWMM (PCSWMM) was used to carry out calibration and validation in the watershed. The primary and secondary data were used. Five Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) categories identified were asphalt, cobble, vegetation, bare soil, and roof. The result shows 33.49% area is covered with highly impervious land cover. The overall calibration and validation are a very good fit with the observed flow. The total runoff volume of 9494.15 km3 was generated from the town area which is 13.7 km2. The peak runoff determined from 373 sub-catchments varied from 0.01 to 4.48 m3s−1. According to the simulated result, 7.46% of existing drainage channels were flooded. Anticipating future runoff generation, this study evaluates the inadequacy of existing drainage channels in urban areas. Hydraulic analysis is recommended before constructing drainage structures to protect from flooding.
Schistosoma mansoni infection in residents of a riverside community in Eastern Amazon
Authors: Dias Isabelle Helena Lima , Fonseca Álvaro Luan Santana , de Sousa Sergei Rodrigo Magalhães , Gouveia Maria Isabel Montoril , Ribeiro Layana Rufino , de Oliveira Goveia Christiane , Nogueira Joyce Favacho Cardoso , Enk Martin Johannes , Souza e Guimarães Ricardo José de Paula , Lima Karla Valéria Batista
Published: April 2024

Schistosoma mansoni worms cause a waterborne parasitic disease called schistosomiasis. It commonly affects individuals in lack of sanitation structure. In Brazil, Pará state has Belém as one of the worst sanitation-ranking places in 2023, where schistosomiasis transmission was already documented. This study reports the occurrence of schistosomiasis in residents of Ilha das Onças, an island next to Belém. Stool samples were obtained from participants over 2 years old, all residents from Furo do Rio Grande, one of the rivers on the island. The Kato-Katz technique was performed for parasite investigation in the stool samples. Each participant responded to a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire. The residences were georeferenced for map designing. Three out of 263 participants were S. mansoni positive, all men, ages ranging from 19 to 41 years old, with low parasitic load. Malacological surveys were carried out, but no Biomphalaria snails were found. Risk factors for schistosomiasis establishment are present on the island, and the lack of sanitation makes it a potential risk area. Malacological surveys are highly encouraged as preventive measures, as well as health surveillance for riverside populations, generating data that will help health authorities in the management and planning of preventive control actions.
Prefiltration pilot study with drum filters
Authors: Asp Tobias , Nunes Joana , Tumlin Susanne
Published: April 2024

The Rya wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Gothenburg, Sweden, is facing new and stricter effluent requirements and an increased predicted flow and population. A pilot study was done to evaluate drum filters as a possible space-efficient pretreatment compliment to the conventional pre-settling tanks. The pilot trials proved that the drum filter was able to reduce organic materials and phosphorus at different loads. The reduction was similar between two different pore sizes (100 and 300 μm) and the suspended solids (SS) effluent concentrations (35–200 mg/L) was similar to the conventional pre-settling tanks (40–130 mg/L). The two pore sizes had similar maximum flow capacities but the 300 μm was able to maintain that capacity for a longer time and higher influent SS concentrations. Chemical precipitation was able to increase the reduction of both SS and phosphorus. The drum filters could handle higher SS peaks during tunnel flush events while maintaining similar effluent SS concentrations as during normal operation. It became clear when analyzing the results that daily average data did not capture bypass events caused by momentaneous peaks in either influent SS or flow. Hourly data analysis is needed to correctly design and dimension a pre-filtration process with drum filters.
Enhancing anaerobic digestion efficiency in dairy waste water treatment: a comprehensive review of enzyme-based pre-treatment by microorganisms in South Africa
Authors: Moodley Hugendra Rishay , Gutu Laurah , Ayinde Wasiu B. , Ikumi David , Basitere Moses
Published: April 2024

The escalating global demand for dairy products due to population growth has led to increased production in the dairy industry, resulting in a significant rise in wastewater generation. This wastewater, laden with contaminants such as fats, oils, and greases (FOGs), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, and phosphorus, poses a threat to freshwater sources. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is considered the optimal treatment method for dairy wastewater, but the high-fat content poses challenges like reactor clogging. To overcome this, various authors propose and implement an enzymatic pre-treatment strategy that improves FOG and organic content removal, increases biogas production, and addresses economic and environmental concerns. Despite the proven efficacy of enzymatic pre-treatment, a significant drawback is the associated cost. However, it remains a promising strategy for enhancing the biodegradability of complex organic compounds in dairy effluents. This review delves into the crucial role of enzyme-producing microorganisms in enhancing AD efficiency for dairy wastewater treatment, emphasizing their potential benefits and addressing the economic and environmental considerations associated with this approach.
Unveiling the Molecular Mechanism of Diosmetin and its Impact on
Multifaceted Cellular Signaling Pathways
Authors: Varshney Krishna Kumar , Gupta Jeetendra Kumar , Srivastava Rajnish
Published: April 2024

Background:

Diosmetin is an O-methylated flavone and the aglycone part of the
flavonoid glycosides diosmin that occurs naturally in citrus fruits. Pharmacologically, diosmetin is
reported to exhibit anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, oestrogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Objective:

This comprehensive review was aimed to critically explore diverse pharmacological activities
exhibited by diosmetin. Along with that, this review can also identify potential research areas
with an elucidation of the multifactorial underlying signaling mechanism of action of diosmetin
in different diseases.

Methods:

A comprehensive collection of evidence and insights was obtained from scientific journals
and books from physical libraries and electronic platforms like Google Scholar and PubMed.
The time frame selected was from year 1992 to July 2023.

Results:

The review delves into diosmetin's impact on cellular signaling pathways and its potential
in various diseases. Due to its ability to modulate signaling pathways and reduce oxidative
stress, it can be suggested as a potential versatile therapeutic agent for mitigating oxidative stressassociated
pathogenesis.

Conclusion:

The amalgamation of the review underscores diosmetin's promising role as a multifaceted
therapeutic agent, highlighting its potential for drug development and clinical applications.
Effect of Statins on Serum Levels of TNF-alpha and Interleukin-6 in Patients with
Kidney Disease: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Razi Bahman , Aslani Saeed , Imani Danyal , Salehiyeh Sajad , Fasihi Mahdieh , Reiner Željko , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives:

Some clinical trials have indicated the beneficial effects of statins in
patients with kidney disease, while others have reported no positive effect of statins in these patients. We conducted
this meta-analysis to identify the effects of statins on serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor
Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in patients with kidney disease

Designs and Methods:

A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science
databases to identify all studies published from inception to August, 2022. The major outcome variable
was the Weighted Mean Difference (WMD). Eligible studies were stratified based on target population, intervention
duration, dosage and type of statins, and solubility of statins.

Results:

Meta-analysis performed on seven publications (8 studies), including 213 patients with kidney disease
and 188 control individuals, indicated that the concentration of IL-6 was marginally decreased in patients
with kidney disease following statin therapy disease (WMD = -1.15 pg/mL; 95% CI = -2.33 to 0.04, P = 0.05,
I2 = 68.5%). The findings of subgroup analysis based on the dosage of statins showed that neither highintensity
nor moderate/low-intensity statin treatment could significantly influence the serum level of IL-6.
Lipophilic statins were more effective than hydrophilic statins, and they marginally decreased the levels of
IL-6 (WMD = -1.21 pg/mL; 95% CI = -2.43 to 0, P = 0.05, I2 = 55.7%). Meta-analysis of four publications
(five studies) with 157 patients with kidney disease and 132 control subjects showed that statins reduced the
serum levels of TNF-α in patients with kidney disease when compared with control individuals (WMD= -2.66
pg/mL; 95% CI = -4.26 to -1.06, P <.001, I2 = 63%).

Conclusion:

Statins only marginally decreased the concentration of IL-6 in patients with kidney disease,
but neither high-intensity nor moderate/low-intensity statin treatment could significantly influence the level of
IL-6. However, statins reduced serum levels of TNF-α in patients with kidney disease.
Extract of Gualou-Xiebai Herb Pair Improves Lipid Metabolism Disorders
by Enhancing the Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Atherosclerosis Mice
Authors: Liu Yarong , Wang Tian , Ding Lidan , Li Zhenglong , Zhang Yexiang , Dai Min , Wu Hongfei
Published: April 2024

Background:

Gualou is derived from the fruit of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim,
while Xiebai from the bulbs of Allium macrostemon Bunge. Gualou and Xiebai herb pair (2:1) is
widely used in clinical practice to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, the
mechanism underlying its potential activity on atherosclerosis (AS) has not been fully elucidated.

Methods:

The extract of Gualou-Xiebai herb pair (GXE) was prepared from Gualou (80 g) and
Xiebai (40 g) by continuous refluxing with 50% ethanol for 2 h at 80°C. In vivo, ApoE-/- mice
were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to induce an AS model, and then the mice were
treated with GXE (3, 6, 12 g/kg) or atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) via oral gavage. Besides, RAW264.7
macrophages were stimulated by ox-LDL to establish a foam cell model in vitro.

Results:

GXE suppressed plaque formation, regulated plasma lipids, and promoted liver lipid
clearance in AS mice. In addition, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL GXE significantly reduced the TC and
FC levels in ox-LDL (50 μg/mL)-stimulated foam cells. GXE increased cholesterol efflux from
the foam cells to ApoA-1 and HDL, and enhanced the protein expressions of ABCA1, ABCG1,
and SR-BI, which were reversed by the PPARγ inhibitor. Meanwhile, GXE increased the LCAT
levels, decreased the lipid levels and increased the TBA levels in the liver of AS mice. Molecular
docking indicated that some compounds in GXE showed favorable binding energy
with PPARγ, LCAT and CYP7A1 proteins, especially apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and quercetin.

Conclusion:

In summary, our results suggested that GXE improved lipid metabolism
disorders by enhancing RCT, providing a scientific basis for the clinical use of GXE in AS
treatment.
An Insight into Common and Advanced Synthesis Methodologies of Acyl Urea Analogs Targeting the CNS
Authors: Kumari Preeti , Mishra Rakhi , Mazumder Rupa , Mazumder Avijit , Singh Ayushi , Singh Gurvinder , Tyagi Pankaj Kumar
Published: April 2024

:

The acyl urea functionality and related analogs are increasingly used in medicinal chemistry
and drug design to prove well-defined pharmacological actions and optimal physicochemical properties.
This review paper aimed to summarize information related to synthesis methods of acyl urea derivatives,
marketed products, and patents to explore their applications in counteracting CNS-related
diseases by multiple targeting. Comprehensive data related to acyl urea and related compounds of the
last 15 years is collected from various resources to provide enormous information to the readers. The
content of the study uniformly includes considerable evidence linked to the common and unique synthesis
techniques of acyl urea from starting materials like benzamide, isocyanates, substituted iodoglycals,
2 chloro nicotinic acid, and methyl hydrazines, as well as patents related to the same. This
work describes the reactions of several substrates that can be used to manufacture various acyl urea
derivatives. An understanding of patents related to acyl urea analogs with specific targets for CNS
action may also help researchers working on additional synthesis of acyl urea derivatives with potential
CNS action.
Design, Synthesis, and In vitro Biological Activities of Matrine Skeleton Derivatives as Potential Cancer Inhibitors
Authors: Zhou Bin , Wang Lisheng , Wei Yongquan , Jiang Meiyan , Wang Xingdong
Published: April 2024

Background:

Thirteen derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the excellent
lead compound Matrine.

Objective:

This study aimed to discover novel anticancer agents with superior anticancer activity and
to support the discovery of new drugs.

Methods:

The in vitro antiproliferative activity of all derivatives against four human cancer cells,
A549, HGC-27, HCT-116, and HeLa, was determined by MTT. The best active compounds were
subjected to cell cloning, migration, cell cycle and apoptosis, and molecular docking.

Results:

Compound 5XI showed the best activity against all four cell lines, especially against A549
cells, with an IC50 of 5.805 μmol/L. The antiproliferative activity of 5XI was much higher than that
of matrine and only slightly weaker than that of Cisplatin, a multi-targeted small molecule inhibitor.
5XI also showed excellent inhibitory activity in cell cycle, apoptosis, cell scratch, and cell cloning
assays and has shown good affinity in docking studies.

Conclusion:

5XI has excellent antiproliferative activity, significantly inhibits cell cloning and migration,
affects cancer cell cycle distribution, and induces apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner,
making it a potential anticancer drug agent.
A Comprehensive Review on GLP-1 Signaling Pathways in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus - Focus on the Potential Role of GLP-1 Receptors Agonists and Selenium among Various Organ Systems
Authors: Barakat Ghinwa , Assi Ghaith , Khalil Hussein , El Khatib Sami
Published: April 2024

:

Diabetes Mellitus develops when the body becomes unable to fuel its cells with glucose,
which results in the accumulation of sugar excess in the bloodstream. Because it has diverse
pathophysiological impacts on the body, diabetes mellitus represents a significant issue of
concern in an attempt to find suitable treatment modalities and medications for afflicted diabetic
patients. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) plays a pivotal role in the incretin effect, emerging as
a prospective treatment for diabetes mellitus and a promising means of regenerating pancreatic
cells, whether directly or through its receptor agonists. It has been shown that GLP-1 efficiently
increases insulin production, lowers blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,
and decreases appetite, craving, and hunger, therefore amplifying the sensation of fullness and
satiety. Moreover, since they are all dependent on GLP-1 effect, intricate signaling pathways
share some similarities during specific phases, although the pathways continue to exhibit significant
divergence engendered by specific reactions and effects in each organ, which encompasses
the rationale behind observed differences. This triggers an expanding range of GLP-1 R agonists,
creating new unforeseen research and therapeutic application prospects.

:

This review aims to explain the incretin effect, discuss how GLP-1 regulates blood glucose levels,
and how it affects different body organs, as well as how it transmits signals, before introducing
selenium's role in the incretin impact.
Monochasma Savatieri Aqueous Extract inhibits Human Breast Cancer Cell Line
Migration and Adhesion Without Generating Toxicity
Authors: Tan Lin , Solis-Sainz Juan C.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Monochasma savatieri, is a rare and endangered plant used to treat cancer in Chinese
traditional medicine.

Objective:

To evaluate the anti-cancer activity of M. savatieri aqueous extract by determining its cytotoxicity,
anti-migratory, and anti-adhesion effects on breast cancer cells.

Methods:

Cell viability, migration, adhesion, circularity, and cell cycle were evaluated by crystal violet (CV)
staining, wound-healing, and transwell assays and flow cytometry in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Caveolin-1,
snail, vimentin and activated Erk and Akt expression were determined by western blot in MDA-MB-231 cells.
Immunofluorescent assays confirmed caveolin-1 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells.

Results:

Survival and cell cycle of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were not modified by doses up to 500 μg/mL
of the extract. The extract inhibited cell migration and adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells. When cells were exposed
to the extract, there was a slight decrease in protein expression of factors related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition (snail and vimentin) and a strong decrease in the expression of the oncogenic membrane protein caveolin-
1. Furthermore, the levels of phosphorylated Erk and Akt were also decreased. The content of acteoside, a
phenylpropanoid glycoside with reported anti-cancer activity present in M. savatieri, was almost 5 times as much
as isoacteoside.

Conclusion:

M. savatieri possesses anti-cancer activity without exerting cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells. The
extract exhibited anti-migratory and anti-adhesion effects on breast cancer cells by regulating Erk and Akt signaling
pathways and the expression of caveolin-1. In addition, acteoside present in M. savatieri could be responsible
for the observed effects.
The Development of Organotin(IV) N-Ethyl-N-Benzyldithiocarbamate Complexes: A
Study on Their Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytocidal Effects on A549 Cell Line
Authors: Abd Aziz Nurul Amalina , Awang Normah , Kamaludin Nurul Farahana , Mohamad Anuar Nur Najmi , Hamid Asmah , Chan Kok Meng , Arshad Suhana
Published: April 2024

Background:

Organotin(IV) complexes of dithiocarbamate are vital in medicinal chemistry, exhibiting
potential in targeting cancer cells due to their unique properties that enhance targeted delivery. This study aimed
to synthesize and characterize organotin(IV) N-ethyl-N-benzyldithiocarbamate complexes (ONBDCs) and evaluate
their cytotoxicity against A549 cells, which are commonly used as a model for human lung cancer research.

Method:

The two ONBDC derivatives – ONBDC 1 (dimethyltin(IV) N-ethyl-N-benzyldithiocarbamate) and
ONBDC 2 (triphenyltin(IV) N-ethyl-N-benzyldithiocarbamate) – were synthesized via the reaction of tin(IV)
chloride with N-ethylbenzylamine in the presence of carbon disulfide. A range of analytical techniques, including
elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrometry, TGA/DTA analysis, and X-ray
crystallography, was conducted to characterize these compounds comprehensively. The cytotoxic effects of
ONBDCs against A549 cells were evaluated using MTT assay.

Results:

Both compounds were synthesized and characterized successfully via elemental and spectroscopies
analysis. MTT assay revealed that ONBDC 2 demonstrated remarkable cytotoxicity towards A549 cells, with an
IC50 value of 0.52 μM. Additionally, ONBDC 2 displayed significantly higher cytotoxic activity against the A549
cell line when compared to the commercially available chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (IC50: 32 μM).

Conclusion:

Thus, it was shown that ONBDC 2 could have important anticancer properties and should be further
explored as a top contender for creating improved and specialized cancer treatments.
Simulation of the Die and Punch Behavior During the Compaction Process
of Alumina-Based Matrix Composite Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Al Njjar Ameen , Mazloum Kamar , Sata Amit
Published: April 2024

Background:

Compaction in the powder metallurgy process typically involves using a
die and punch, applying high pressure to mixed powder to achieve product quality, such as geometry,
density, and porosity. This step is critical in the powder metallurgy process.

Objective:

This study aims to systematically design and manufacture a die and punch for compacting
an Alumina-based matrix composite. Specimens were selected according to ASTM C 1421-10
guidelines, and the die and punch were constructed using AISI D3 tool steel alloy.

Methods:

To ensure satisfactory compaction, the design underwent virtual testing using Finite Element
Analysis (FEA) with compaction loads ranging from 2.5 to 20 tons in 2.5-ton increments.
The simulation results were validated through experimental testing.

Results:

The die parts were analyzed for three-dimensional stress and deformation during compaction.
Maximum stress distribution was observed in the Alumina powder, followed by the punch,
plate, and die. Additionally, compaction behavior and density tests confirmed that a compaction
pressure of 548 MPa or more results in high relative density in the Alumina-based matrix composite
powder during the compaction process.

Conclusion:

Both simulation and experimental results indicate that a compaction pressure of 548
MPa or more is necessary to achieve satisfactory compaction of the Alumina-based matrix composite.
These findings offer practical implications for optimizing the powder metallurgy compaction
process and reducing costs.
Lin Yunming(林雲銘)’s influence with its focus on Yi Sang-soo(Eodang)’s
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Shin Jae-Sik
Published: April 2024

Yi Sang-soo is a Neo-Confucianist of the Horon Faction and wordsmith of the Nongam Faction of Joseon in the 19th century.  is a literary criticism he wrote at 30. In , he left several traces of accepting the view of 『Gu Wen Xi Yi(Analysis of the Significance in Old-style Prose)』, a criticism by Lin Yunming, a stylist of the Late Ming and the Early Qing. 『Gu Wen Xi Yi』 is an analysis of the selective old literary masterpieces of China based on the section-chapter composition method. This is where a literary person of the Nongam Faction accepted the criticism from the Late Ming and the Early Qing; it provides a clue to peek into the influence relationship of its composition and criticism.  shows a similar composition due to the influence of Lin Yunming’s view. In the case of 『Gu Wen Xi Yi』, it added related explanations in small letters to each phrase in the text of  and added an end note at the end of the text in large letters. Yi Sang-soo referred to this and supplemented and improved his view by dividing the first and second paragraphs, abridging or elaborating parts of the end note, and moving them to footnotes. The commentaries can be divided into theme, composition, technique, and elaboration. Composition and technique are related to the organic order and change between sentence elements belonging to the work, and they are devices to highlight the theme of the entire work effectively. This must be understood in the organic context of the theme and is influenced by the section-chapter composition method. The elaboration is the supplementary explanation of the implication of certain wording. This can be divided into the acceptance of the explanation of wording and the criticism of popular interpretation. It tends to agree with Lin Unming’s view based on the theme and context.
A Study on Life of Hujae Kim Gan and His Poems
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Lee Seung Yong
Published: April 2024

This study divided the life of Hujae Kim Gan into early age, middle age, and old age, and examined his poems under different themes, including “pursuit of Neo-Confucianism and introspection,” “trace of secluded life and joy of carefree life,” and “seclusion in forest and everyday feelings.” This study also explored how his inner consciousness is expressed in his poems in different periods. First, the poems under the theme of “pursuit of Neo-Confucianism and introspection” reflect his earnest feelings of fostering temper and pursuing Neo-Confucianism instead of external beauty of formality. The poetic expressions and their sources are mostly based on the scriptures. This shares the same context with the traditional poetic idea of Mencius and Xunzi, which seeks edification of custom, as well as preservation of conscience rather than finding the value and utility of pure literature in poems. Secondly, the poems under the theme of “trace of secluded life and joy of carefree life” are mainly about his craving for completely secluded life and unworldly point of view compared to his previous works that feel somehow heavier with Neo-Confucian ideas. Lastly, the poems under the theme of “seclusion in forest and everyday feelings” mainly cover the secluded and simple vibes he felt throughout his secluded life in forest. These poems show the feelings and daily life of complete seclusion in forest, which he desperately longed for since his youth years. To the scholars of the times and coming scholars, Kim Gan(金榦) is regarded as a scholar who deeply immersed into the Neo-Confucianism. In fact, he lived a secluded life from his early age to devote his whole life to the Neo-Confucianism. He also deemed the continuance of studies and training of upcoming generation as his lifetime task, and a lot of his poems include Neo-Confucian ideas and Neo-Confucian thoughts. However, his poetic world was not completed covered with Neo-Confucian ideas. Instead, there are poems about his pursuit of secluded life and his actual unworldly secluded life. These poems show his aspects as a poet Kim Gan(金榦) who escaped from the Neo-Confucian ideas as a scholar.
The Exchange and Circulation of Culture between Korean and Chinese Scholars in the 19th Century
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Li chunji
Published: April 2024

In the 19th century, intellectuals from Joseon placed great importance on interaction with scholars and literati from the Qing Dynasty. This was rooted in the background that Joseon's academia at the time showed great interest in the Qing evidential learning of the Qing Dynasty, which reached a relatively mature stage. These intellectuals, generally inclined to re- establish Joseon's Neo-Confucianism by embracing Qing's scholarly achievements, represented a trend of intellectual pursuit. “Haedong Geumseokwon(海東金石苑)” is a collection of Joseon's studies on bronze and stone epigraphy, compiled and supplemented by Qing scholar Yu Heihai(劉喜海). Starting from Jo In-yeong(趙寅永)'s compilation “Haedong Geumseokjongo(海東金石存攷),” Yu Heihai supplemented it to complete “Haedong Geumseokwon” in 1831, but it was not published. The unpublished “Haedong Geumseokwon” was secretly kept by the Qing Collector Pan Zuyin(潘祖蔭), and later published in three installments, continuing to be transmitted until now. “Haedong Geumseokwon” represents the achievement of evidential learning in Qing Dynasty being transmitted to Joseon and then returning to Qing, forming a cycle of achievements in bronze and stone epigraphy between the two countries. Through this return flow, it was evident that there was a valuable document of mutual interest and scholarly exchange between the two countries regarding Joseon's bronze and stone epigraphy. “HaewaiMukyeon(海外墨緣)” is a collection of letters compiled by Qing scholar Wang Heison(汪喜孫). The letters were sent by Joseon literati Gwon Don-in(權敦仁) and encompassed critiques from various perspectives, ranging from phonology, astronomy and arithmetic, classical literature to contemporary scholars' writings. There is controversy over whether “HaewaiMukyeon” was authored by Gwon Don-in or Kim Jeong-hee(金正喜). Especially, examining the content of the letters sent by Wang Heison to the Lee Sang-jeok and to Kim Jeong-hee raises doubts about Kim Jeong-hee being the author. The crucial point is that “HaewaiMukyeon” is preserved in Qing Dynasty as a valuable cultural asset demonstrating Joseon's academic achievements at that time. In general, culture refers to the phenomenon of spreading from the center to the periphery and then circulating back from the periphery to the center, which is called the circulation of culture. In the circulation of culture, mutual roles are emphasized, and the process, possessing dynamism, is seen as holding greater significance above all else. “Haedong Geumseokwon” and “HaewaiMukyeon” serve as excellent examples demonstrating this circulation of culture.
A study on the life and scholarly inclinations of Seok-dam(石潭) Lee Yoon-woo(李潤雨)
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Park Dong-il
Published: April 2024

This text reflects on the life and academic inclination of Seok-dam(石潭) Lee Yoon-woo(李潤雨, 1569~1634). Lee Yoon-woo was a scholar who was active during the formation of academic circles in Sungju and Daegu, under the influence of Han Gang(寒岡) Jung Gu(鄭逑, 1543~1620). He passed the civil service examination and entered public service, but was impeached during the reign of King Gwanghae and subsequently appointed to an external position, where he served as both a scholar and a local government official. Specifically, during his time in the central government, he emphasized the importance of Jik-doh(直道), and while in his external position, he dedicated himself to establishing Chung-yi(忠義) and engaging in educational activities in rural areas. Particularly in times of political and social turmoil, he sought practical alternatives, emphasizing Hwak-bop(活法) to break away from entrenched perceptions and establish realism and practicality. 活法 was rooted in the consciousness of viewing Confucianism as a means of solving real-world problems, and by promoting Confucianism, he contributed to establishing Confucian thought among the common people. Through his unique position as a scholar deeply rooted in the teachings of Han Gang Jung Gu, Lee Yoon-woo played a crucial role in the formation of the Han River academic circle. Going beyond merely highlighting Lee Yoon-woo's role, it becomes evident that his consciousness was rooted in the academic inclination of Hwak-bop(活法), and through the extension of Hwak-bop(活法), he engaged in social and political activities and advanced scholarly pursuits, ultimately solidifying his position as a scholar of his time.