bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the strabismological examination of patients when planning surgical treatment of primary inferior oblique muscle overaction.
Authors:   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Pushchina V.B. , Plisov I.L. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Antsiferova N.G. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Gladysheva G.V. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Published: June 2022

Purpose. To perform a comparative assessment of the results of strabismological examination of patients with primary inferior oblique muscle overaction according to the generally accepted and proposed methods. To analyze the change in the surgical procedure protocol depending on the results obtained. Material and methods. The research included 123 patients with a bilateral symmetric primary inferior oblique muscle overaction. The generally accepted method consisted in measuring the heterotropia magnitude when moving the gaze while turning the head left right and in measuring the magnitude of when moving the gaze following the ophthalmoscope beam when it is horizontally displaced upwards by 25° and downwards by 35° from 33 cm (assessment of V-pattern and its severity). The proposed method consisted in measuring the hypertropia magnitude of the adducted eye with the maximum fixing movement of the abducted eye gaze and in measuring the heterotropia magnitude with the maximum gaze movement upwards and downwards. Results. After the strabismological examination was carried out according to the proposed method, the average magnitude of hypertropia in adduction and V-pattern in the study group was statistically significantly (p<0.05) changed in the diagnostic protocols. A more prominent magnitude of hypertropia was revealed in 110 patients (89.43%). A more prominent V-pattern was diagnosed in 117 patients (95.12%). Studying the specifics of the oculomotor system disorders in patients resulted in optimization of the surgical procedure protocol in 83 patients according to the proposed method (67.48%). Conclusion. The average under-diagnosis of hypertropia and V-pattern during the examination according to the generally accepted method is 3.98±2.39° and 3.72±2°, respectively. Clarification of the oculomotor imbalance characteristics after the examination according to the proposed method requires a change in the surgical procedure protocol in more than 67% of cases. Key words: primary inferior oblique muscle overaction, V-pattern, gaze position, Botox, partial marginal myotomy, myectomy
Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of surgical treatment of macular hole with and without postoperative gas tamponade of the vitreal cavity
Authors:   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Ekaterinburg Branch, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Kleymenov A.Y. , Kazaykin V.N. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Ekaterinburg Branch, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Lipina M.A. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Ekaterinburg Branch, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: June 2022

Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Ekaterinburg Branch, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Современный взгляд на лечение диабетического макулярного отека
Authors:   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shelankova A.V. , Budzinskaya M.V. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Andreeva I.V. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2022

Material and methods. When writing a literature review, data was searched on the PubMed and Scopus platforms for the period up to 2021 inclusive. The search was carried out using the following keywords: diabetic macular edema, Ozurdex, dexamethasone implant, antiVEGF, meta-analysis. A total of 33 articles were selected that are relevant to the topic of this literature review. Results. DME is one of the most common causes of vision loss in the world, especially in patients of working age. However, the choice of the treatment for DME is still controversial among vitreoretinal specialists. The pathophysiological process of DME development includes several mechanisms associated with chronic hyperglycemia. It has been proven that the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the eye is not only elevated in DME, but is also proportional to the severity of edema. The use of anti-VEGF drugs for intravitreal administration for the treatment of DME has improved the prognosis of visual functions. The efficacy and safety of anti-VEGF drugs has been confirmed in many clinical studies. However, more and more data appear in the literature on the fairly common resistance to anti-VEGF therapy. Based on the foregoing, the experts concluded that it is necessary to revise the DME treatment strategy and conduct additional studies in order to identify other approaches in therapy to improve visual acuity. In patients with diabetes mellitus, high concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were found. Corticosteroids have an anti-inflammatory effect, including reducing the permeability of the vascular walls, thereby giving an angiostatic effect in the treatment of DME. Thus, the dexamethasone implant may be a better alternative in the treatment of DME. Conclusion. Based on these studies, it can be concluded that the use of Ozurdex in the treatment of DME can be used both as the main treatment for DME and as an alternative treatment for patients who «poorly respond» to multiple injections of anti-VEGF drugs or in cases of resistance. Dexamethasone has the highest clinical efficacy among all corticosteroids used in ophthalmic practice, the drug demonstrates its multifaceted effects due to its influence on various links in the pathogenesis of DME. Dexamethasone implant reduces the concentration of both inflammatory cytokines in the eye and VEGF. Key words: diabetic macular edema, Ozurdex, dexamethasone implant, anti-VEGF
Layanan Digital Bank Syariah Sebagai Faktor Pendorong Indeks Literasi dan Inklusi Keuangan Syariah
Authors: Nasir Tajul Aripin  , Nur Fatwa  , Mulawarman Hannase
Published: June 2022

Pandemi telah mempercepat transformasi digital di semua industri, termasuk lembaga keuangan. Kemunculan fintech dan bank digital telah memperkuat pentingnya menyediakan layanan perbankan digital yang mudah, tidak merepotkan dan nyaman terutama oleh bank tradisional. Perkembangan teknologi digital telah merubah pola kebiasaan masyarakat dalam menggunakan layanan perbankan termasuk perbankan syariah. Hal ini terlihat dari peningkatan jumlah produk bank syariah dengan menggunakakan layanan digital dalam rangka memberikan pelayanan terbaik untuk memenuhi ekspektasi masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yaitu dengan menguraikan dan menganalisis data dari hasil temuan di lapangan yang terdapat pada sumber yang diterbitkan instansi yang berwenang dan peneltian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa layanan perbankan digital yang dipasarkan oleh bank syariah merupakan upaya mewujudkan produk bank syariah lebih kompetitif sehingga dapat meningkatkan inklusi keuangan syariah di masyarakat.
FUNDAMENTALS OF SCALE VALUE OF INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL ENTERPRISES ON THE BASIS OF CLUSTERIZATION
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Karpinsky Borys , Karpyak Anastasiya ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: June 2022

The study for the first time highlighted the scale value at certain stages of development through clustering. It is noted that among the various types of scales that relate directly to the economic dimensions, the public sector of the economy (PSE) is the most extensive, because it is through its evaluation that the efficiency of the state's economic resources is correctly established. In particular, the scale of PSE can be assessed from two positions: 1) through indicators of stocks and flows; 2) through absolute and relative values. It is specified that the volume of state ownership is a stock of resources owned by the state; the amount of government revenues and expenditures is the flow of funds that are mobilized and spent by the state for the period under study. It is proposed and substantiated that the scale of performance is intertwined with the needs, which basically form a scale value. Scale value (SV) is a measure of the possibility of meeting a need, based on generally accepted value priorities (benchmarks) or important for a given individual potential or realized requests (expectations). Moreover, the SV can act at different hierarchical levels: from an individual to the state or their aggregates. SV is a value in active development, when it draws into its own environment the demands of additional consumers, educating and exacerbating in them the manifestation of its root cause. For the first time, the place of state-creative patriotism of nation (a quantitative feature of which are taxes) was singled out in SV, because the citizen's motive for his SV clearly shows the desire not just to pay taxes, but to create a civilized state. In fact, the manifestation of a positive change in the taxpayer's SV also affects the price parameters of tax administration, as they are reduced, providing increased efficiency in the use of budget resources. The choice of the number of clusters in the system of information technology (IT) enterprises for the evaluation of SV in them was made on the basis of comparing the results obtained by the method of the elbow and the assessment of the silhouette, providing management capabilities. It is noted that the clustering error and the number of iterations of the value approach in the system of analysis of IT enterprises depends on the initial choice of centroids, based on this launch of k-means several times with different initial candidates for centroids. An algorithm for selecting strategic directions for the development of the IT sphere, based on SV and the clustering process, is proposed.
PROBLEMS OF LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF CITIZENS 'ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF WARTIME
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Batluk Mykyta , Kozlova Polina ,   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Ivanov Serhii ,   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the issue of the possibility of restricting the environmental rights of citizens in martial law. It is determined that in connection with the introduction of the legal regime of martial law, a number of constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen may be limited. At the same time, the environmental rights of citizens were not de jure restricted, but de facto some environmental rights of citizens, which are enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine, were limited. It is separately established that ensuring the environmental rights of citizens, namely the right to compensation for environmental damage caused to them as a result of illegal actions of the aggressor is impossible without clear and transparent methods of calculation. A positive assessment was given to the implemented methods of calculating the damage to land, soils due to emergencies and / or armed aggression of the Russian Federation. It is emphasized that the method of calculating the damage of fugitive emissions of pollutants or mixtures of such substances into the atmosphere due to emergencies and / or martial law is imperfect due to unreasonable inclusion in the formula for calculating the amount of damage caused by fugitive emissions of pollutants or mixtures substances into the atmosphere due to emergencies and / or during martial law, a factor that depends on the nature of the event. At the same time, it is emphasized that the relevant methods of calculating the damage can be described only positively, because they provide a real opportunity for citizens in martial law to exercise their constitutional environmental right to compensation for environmental damage. It is pointed out that the partial restriction of public access to some open registers containing environmental information externally resembles the restriction of constitutional environmental rights of citizens. It was noted the beginning of a major reform of the state environmental monitoring system, which, among other things, significantly systematizes and streamlines terminology related to environmental information, as well as establishes clear mechanisms for access to it. The conclusions of the study are formulated and the possibility of further scientific research in this area is indicated.
STRUCTURE OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL SUPPORT OF PREPARATION OF UKRAINIAN CITIZENS FOR MILITARY SERVICE
Authors:   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Volovyk Viktor
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the article is to determine the structure of the administrative and legal support for the preparation of citizens of Ukraine for military service. The article establishes that in the aspect of legal regulation, administrative and legal support is a set of administrative and legal acts and the activities of norm-forming subjects related to the preparation, evaluation, approval, editing and cancellation of relevant legal acts. In the aspect of law enforcement activities, administrative and legal support acts as a set of compliance, execution, use and application of administrative and legal regulations aimed at achieving the common goal of legal regulation in a certain area of public relations The article determines that the structure of administrative and legal support for the preparation of military service on a substantive basis can be considered as a combination of the following elements: object, subjects, principles, methods, legal relations and criteria for assessing the achieved result of legal regulation. Arguments are given that the subjects of administrative and legal support for the preparation of military service are public authorities, military administration and public organizations that, within the framework of their statutory goals, prepare citizens for military service, reflecting this process in their legal and regulatory acts. The principles of administrative and legal support for the preparation of citizens for military service include two groups: general legal and military special. Methods of administrative and legal support of preparation for military service are defined as a set of the most rational methods and techniques of legal support developed on the basis of ideas about the patterns, features and signs of preparation for military service. The criteria for administrative and legal support of preparation for military service are defined as indicators by which it is possible to monitor the quality of legal support at certain intervals, establishing the readiness of future military personnel to perform service and combat missions.
ON THE SUSPENSION OF THE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT DURING MARTIME
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Svichkarova Yaroslava , Zavialov Yehor ,   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University
Published: June 2022

The imposition of martial law on February 24, 2022 throughout our country was the impetus for the introduction of changes in existing legislation on the organization of labor relations during the special legal regime. In this regard, the Law of Ukraine "2136-IX" On the organization of labor relations in martial law "was adopted. The article considers the changes that have taken place in the labor legislation of Ukraine in connection with the introduction of a special legal regime. Emphasis is placed on the study of such a legal phenomenon as "suspension of the employment contract", identified features of its application and conclusions on changes and additions to current labor legislation to avoid restrictions on labor rights in the future. Distinguished by the legal essence of the concept of "simple" and "suspension of the employment contract" are the features by which these legal terms must be distinguished. It is also noted that due to the lack of a legal mechanism for applying the concept of "suspension of the employment contract" in terms of reimbursement of all compensatory payments by the aggressor country, conflicts arise that restrict the constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen (right to social protection). It is proposed to introduce changes in the system of legislation, which in the future will allow to use the concept of "suspension of the employment contract" without restricting the constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen. Conclusions are formulated on the need to continue the study of innovations of the legislator in terms of "suspension of labor relations", as in the future it is possible to introduce it into the system of legislation on a permanent basis.
HISTORY OF ESTABLISHING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMIC SECURITY SYSTEM OF UKRAINE (1990-2022)
Authors:   Educational and Scientific Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ivanova Viktoriia
Published: June 2022

The study of historical preconditions for the formation and development of Ukraine's foreign economic security system requires interdisciplinary knowledge. Accordingly, the article considers the methodological principles of research on the problems of economic security in the context of global transformations, such as the principles of historicism, objectivity, causality, system and development. Emphasis is placed on the following stages of development of the economic security system in Ukraine: Stage I, which lasted until 1917, Stage II - 1917-1930, Stage III - 1931-1940, Stage IV - 1941 - 1991, Stage V - from 1991 to the present. It is noted that on the basis of historiographical analysis of the results of historical and economic research, as well as highlighting the achievements in science the public administration in the recent history of public administration in the field of foreign economic security of Ukraine can be divided into six main substages: 1st sub-stage (1990-1996) is a historical period from the adoption of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine to the adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine. 2nd sub-stage (1997-2002) - the period when the Concept (basics of state policy) of national security of Ukraine was approved. 3rd sub-stage (2003- 2009) - adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On the Fundamentals of National Security of Ukraine" (2003). The 4th sub-stage (2010-2013) is the beginning of a change in Ukraine's foreign policy status, namely the renewal of its non-aligned status. This is reflected in the Laws of Ukraine "On the Principles of Domestic and Foreign Policy", "On the Fundamentals of National Security of Ukraine", in the new versions of the Military Doctrine of Ukraine (2012) and the National Security Strategy of Ukraine (2012). 5th sub-stage (2014-2019) - radical changes in the military-political and military-strategic situation around Ukraine caused by Russian aggression, the leadership of the Ukrainian state renounced non- aligned status and renewed its foreign policy towards European and Euro- Atlantic integration. 6th sub-stage (2019 - present) - in the difficult military- political and military-strategic situation around Ukraine caused by Russian aggression, the tasks of European and Euro-Atlantic integration the tasks of European and Euro-Atlantic integration are being implemented, as well as the legal and institutional mechanisms of public administration in the field of national security are being improved.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF FUNCTIONING OF MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AT THE FIELD OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC SECURITY OF EU MEMBER STATES
Authors:   Educational and Scientific Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ivanova Viktoriia
Published: June 2022

The article considers the principles of functioning of public mechanisms in the field of foreign economic security of EU member states. In particular, ensuring EU security is determined by a number of conceptual provisions: the indivisibility of security and its development on the basis of integration processes; scale and constant development of security programs; using national aspects to solve regional problems; equality of status and decision- making based on consensus; coordination of efforts in the field of common interests; territorial integrity of states and non-interference in each other's internal affairs; the formation of a market economy and the development of civil society. It has been established that scientists and politicians of EU countries do not single out the concepts of "foreign economic security", but operate with the concepts of "security", "national security" and "economic security", while really mean in their content and problems of foreign economic security. Have been found EU members to have different levels of economic security. Relatively stable economic systems in the EU (Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, France) are mainly focused on improving the efficiency of the economy and at the same time maintain the existing level of personal economic security of its citizens. The relatively new EU member states (Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and the Baltic states) have already completed first-generation reforms and are in the final stages of security sector reforms. It is concluded that the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine changes the security vectors in Europe. It has become clear that the current system of international security is not able to deter the aggressor and protect against real threats to individual countries. Only an effective combination of military force, diplomatic instruments and a strong economy can guarantee the realization of national interests, national ideas and national goals. This is the path Ukraine must take in its European aspirations, creating conditions for comprehensive protection of its own statehood and cultural and historical identification.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF THREATS TO INFORMATION SECURITY OF THE ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Ukrainian State Research Institute “Resource”, Mordovtsev Oleksandr , Avanesova Nina ,   Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Serhiienko Yuliia ,   Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the problems of developing methodological aspects for analyzing problem areas and ways to strengthen information security in the energy infrastructure of Ukraine in war and post- war times. It was found out that the main problem of information security in the energy sector is both in processing and analyzing a large amount of data in real time from the so-called corporate nodes of the local network, including data from intelligent sensors that are used to find out cyber threats and monitor their risks, as well as providing an expert specialist with a large amount of analytical information. By summarizing scientific sources, the conceptual and categorical apparatus for the research direction was clarified, namely, the author's definitions of the following concepts were given: "critical infrastructure", "energy security", "cyber information subsystem", "cybernetic security". The hierarchy and interrelation of critical infrastructures of Ukraine is systematized. A general scheme of cyber security for energy infrastructure facilities is constructed and it is proved that the processes of identification, quantification, analysis and assessment of risks, as well as their processing, should be integral components of the overall management decision-making process for the sustainable functioning of the country's energy infrastructure. - Technological ways to overcome the problem areas of cyber security in the energy sector of Ukraine are proposed. The results obtained allow us to state that when solving the problem of strengthening energy security, there are two interrelated areas – technological infrastructure and information and communication infrastructure. A general conclusion is made that the success of creating a sustainable secure system largely depends on the successful application of modern information and communication technologies.
To the question of blood feud as an institution of customary law of the ancient Yakuts
Authors: Маякунов А.Э.
Published: June 2022

В статье рассматривается институт кровной мести у древних якутов. Автор касается проблем генезиса, становления и эволюции обычая кровной мести якутов до колониального освоения Якутии русскими первопроходцами. В статье названы и проанализированы основные факторы сравнительно быстрой трансформации кровной мести системой композиций у народа саха. Проводятся сравнительные аналогии о функционировании института кровной мести в обычном праве якутов, чукчей, эвенов. Находятся сходства и различия в зависимости от социально-экономической организации традиционного образа жизни. Делается вывод о малоэффективности обычая кровной мести, как средства поддержания примитивного правопорядка в позднеобщинном родовом строе якутов в условиях Крайнего Севера. Обычай кровной мести у якутов сводится на нет в результате перехода разряда тяжких преступлений в ведение русского судопроизводства.

The article deals with the institution of blood feud among the ancient Yakuts. The author deals with the problems of the genesis, formation and evolution of the custom of blood feud of the Yakuts before the colonial development of Yakutia by Russian pioneers. The article names and analyzes the main factors of the relatively rapid transformation of blood feud by the system of compositions among the Sakha people. Comparative analogies are drawn with the functioning of the institute of blood feud among the Yakuts, Chukchi, Evens. There are similarities and differences depending on the socio-economic organization of traditional nature management. The conclusion is made about the ineffectiveness of the custom of blood feud as a means of maintaining a primitive law and order in the late communal tribal system of the Yakuts in the conditions of the Far North. The custom of blood feud among the Yakuts is reduced to nothing as a result of the transfer of the category of serious crimes to the jurisdiction of Russian legal proceedings.
Chemical Shift Standards for 199Hg NMR Spectroscopy, Twenty-Five Years Later
Authors: Zee David , Singer Christopher , O'Halloran Thomas
Published: June 2022

While mercury-199 NMR is a well-established tool for elucidating details of coordination chemistry in biochemical and inorganic complexes, historically the technique has been associated with the use of the extremely toxic chemical, dimethylmercury, as a reference standard. In the twenty-five years since an accidental exposure to dimethylmercury led to the tragic death of Dr. Karen Wetterhahn, the community has learned a great deal about the insidious neurotoxicity of this compound as well as more appropriate ways to avoid exposure. Here, we track the general shift towards the use of alternative mercury reference standards, and away from dimethylmercury.
Auto3D: Automatic Generation of the Low-energy 3D Structures with ANI Neural Network Potentials
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zubatiuk Tetiana , Roitberg Adrian , Isayev Olexandr
Published: June 2022

Computational programs accelerate the chemical discovery processes but often need proper 3-dimensional molecular information as part of the input. Getting optimal molecular structures is challenging because it requires enumerating and optimizing a huge space of stereoisomers and conformers. We developed the python-based Auto3D package for generating the low-energy 3D structures using SMILES as the input. Auto3D is based on state-of-the-art algorithms and can automize the isomer enumeration and duplicate filtering process, 3D building process, geometry optimization and ranking process. Tested on 50 molecules with multiple unspecified stereocenters, Auto3D is guaranteed to find the stereo-configuration that yields the lowest-energy conformer. With Auto3D we provide an extension of the ANI model. The new model, dubbed ANI-2xt, is trained on a tautomer-rich dataset. ANI-2xt is benchmarked with DFT methods on geometry optimization, electronic and Gibbs free energy calculations. Compared with ANI-2x, ANI-2xt provides a 42% error reduction for tautomeric reaction energy calculations when using the gold-standard coupled-cluster calculation as the reference. ANI-2xt can accurately predict the energies with a ~10^6 factor speedup compared to DFT.
Surfactant-free colloidal syntheses of gold-based nanomaterials in alkaline water and mono-alcohol mixtures
Authors: Quinson Jonathan , Aalling-Frederiksen Olivia , Dacayan Waynah L. , Bjerregaard Joachim D. , Jensen Kim D. , Jørgensen Mads R. V. , Kantor Innokenty , Sørensen Daniel R. , Theil Kuhn Luise , Johnson Matthew S. , Escudero-Escribano María , Simonsen Søren B. , Jensen Kirsten M. Ø.
Published: June 2022

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and gold-based nanomaterials combine unique properties relevant for medicine, biomedical applications, imaging, optics, sensing, catalysis or energy conversion. While the Turkevich-Frens and Brust-Schiffrin methods remain the state-of-the-art colloidal syntheses of AuNPs, there is a need for more sustainable and tractable strategies. Here, a reproducible and scalable surfactant-free synthesis of stable colloidal AuNPs with multiple benefits is achieved by the simple reduction of HAuCl4 at room temperature in alkaline solutions of mono-alcohols and water. A parametric study including more than 350 experiments shows that mixing different alcohols is a simple strategy for achieving size control in the range 6-30 nm in diameter and the order of addition of the chemicals strongly affects the outcome of the synthesis. The synthesis method also applies to surfactant-free palladium (Pd) and bimetallic AuxPdy NPs, nanocomposites and multi-metallic samples, all readily active (electro)catalysts. The simple synthesis bears promising features for fundamental and applied research.
Data-driven multi-objective optimization tactics for catalytic asymmetric reactions
Authors: Dotson Jordan , van Dijk Lucy , Timmerman Jacob , Grosslight Samantha , Walroth Richard , Püntener Kurt , Gosselin Francis , Mack Kyle , Sigman Matthew
Published: June 2022

Optimization of catalyst structure to simultaneously improve multiple reaction objectives (e.g., yield, enantio-, and regioselectivity) remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we describe a machine learning workflow for the multi-objective optimization of catalytic reactions that employ chiral bisphosphine ligands. This was demonstrated through the optimization of two sequential reactions required in the asymmetric synthesis of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. To accomplish this, a density functional theory-derived database of >500 bisphosphine ligands was constructed and a designer chemical space mapping technique was established. The protocol used classification methods to identify active catalysts, followed by linear regression to model reaction selectivity. This led to the prediction and validation of significantly improved ligands for all reaction outputs suggesting a general strategy for the optimization of reactions where performance is controlled by bisphosphine ligands.
Plasmon Manipulation by Post-Transition Metal Alloying
Authors: Fonseca Guzman Maria , King Melissa , Mason Noah , Ross Michael
Published: June 2022

The design of new plasmonic materials is essential for continued progress in light manipulation at nanometer length scales. Often, multimetallic nanoparticles exhibit superior catalytic, mechanical, or corrosion-resistant behavior compared to their unary counterparts. Despite these advantages, designing multimetallic plasmonic materials remains challenging because, except for Au, Ag, and Al, most metallic elements exhibit poor plasmonic behavior. Here, we describe a strategy for manipulating the plasmon resonances of noble metal nanoparticles by post-transition metal alloying. We show how the metallic properties of post-transition metals can be imparted onto the noble metals, enabling tunable higher energy plasmon resonances that maintain high extinction coefficients and enter into the ultraviolet. Importantly, theoretical analysis suggests that post-transition metal alloying with Bi, Ga, and In could enable analogously tunable plasmon resonances. Consequently, post-transition metal alloying provides a general strategy for realizing a new chemically diverse class of tunable plasmonic materials.
MNEMONIC MAP OF FORMATION OF READING LITERACY IN THE BASIC SCHOOL IN GEOGRAPHY LESSONS
Authors: Григорович Михаил Александрович
Published: June 2022

Актуальность темы исследования связан с тем, что в школьных учебниках географии большие тесты, в том числе описания, что вызывает у школьников проблемы освоения. В статье представлен опыт формирования умения осмысленного чтения в современной школьной географии.

Resume: The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that in school geography textbooks there are large tests, including descriptions, which causes problems for schoolchildren to master. The article presents the experience of developing the ability to comprehend reading in modern school geography.
Prototipo de sistema en gestión automática de listas rotativas del alumnado en la comunidad Lasallista, para asistencia presencial o en línea, cumpliendo las restricciones ante la Contingencia por SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ambrosio-Bastián José , Zamudio-Beltrán Zizilia
Published: June 2022

Gestionar de manera eficiente el tiempo y recursos en la asignación de horarios ante cada inicio de un nuevo ciclo escolar, en cualquier institución, es una tarea compleja que requiere generalmente la utilización de muchas horas-hombre. Esto, se acentúa ante la contingencia de salud derivada de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) en el mundo, ya que nos exige un retorno a las actividades de manera escalonada, privilegiando la salud y evitando posibles brotes en nuestros centros de trabajo o escolares.

Este trabajo propone analizar un software que asigne en listas rotativas a los alumnos para asistencia presencial o en línea, acorde a las restricciones impuestas por las autoridades para evitar un brote en nuestra comunidad y la propagación del SARS-CoV-2, procurando un equilibrio entre actividades presenciales y en línea que garantice un adecuado proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje en las asignaturas y/o actividades que así lo requieran. Lo anterior, considerando las siguientes etapas: 1) Identificación de restricciones a partir de los protocolos establecidos por el gobierno local y federal, la propia universidad y los que se deriven de la experiencia nacional e internacional, así como los propios de la Facultad como son la distribución de horarios de grupos, asignaciones de salones y profesores, porcentajes mínimos de presencialidad en las asignaturas y espacios para su realización, 2) Adaptación del sistema, utilizando algoritmos eficaces en problemáticas similares incorporando simulación de posibles escenarios para valorar su desempeño.

El impacto de esta propuesta es utilizar los espacios físicos manteniendo un equilibrio entre actividades presenciales y en línea, así como rotación de alumnos; esto para garantizar un adecuado proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje en las asignaturas y/o actividades que requieren presencialidad, cumpliendo con las restricciones de la nueva “normalidad” mediante el apoyo del software analizado. Con lo anterior, contribuyendo a evitar brotes dentro de la institución y adaptarse a los posibles escenarios del semáforo COVID-19. El resultado alcanzado es un sistema de gestión automático de generación de horarios que faciliten la asistencia presencial o en línea, acorde a las restricciones impuestas por las autoridades debido a la contingencia por SARS-CoV-2.

La falta de protocolos estandarizados a diferentes niveles limita la simulación de los posibles escenarios de retorno a las instalaciones; sin embargo, ante un inminente regreso a las actividades académicas presenciales en las Instituciones, sería posible valorar su efectividad en próximos semestres.
La formación de diseñadores durante la pandemia. Hacia una nueva docencia en el Diseño en la era postCovid
Authors: Gómez-Carmona Gabriel , López-Colín María Teresa Alejandra
Published: June 2022

La COVID-19 llevó de manera abrupta la educación presencial al ámbito a distancia, lo que representó enormes retos para las instituciones, pero, sobre todo, para los docentes, quienes en cuestión de días migraron por completo la dinámica de sus materias al ámbito virtual.

La docencia en el Diseño se vio fuertemente impactada, pues implica el desarrollo de la creatividad a través de la solución de problemas prácticos en talleres de diseño, en los que la interacción, intercambio y retroalimentación de información entre alumno-docente tradicionalmente ha sido cara a cara (presencial), a lo largo del proceso de diseño.

La investigación documentó las estrategias académicas desarrolladas durante el tiempo de pandemia, para analizar sus retos, pros y contras, con el fin de plantear posibles escenarios de una nueva docencia del Diseño en la era postCovid.

El proyecto analizó los efectos de la pandemia y el periodo de confinamiento sobre la enseñanza del Diseño, lo que permitió estudiar su impacto y consecuencias en el corto y mediano plazo, para vislumbrar las transformaciones al interior del proceso de formación de los nuevos profesionales del Diseño. 

Trasladar la docencia del Diseño del ámbito presencial, al ámbito a distancia, obligó a implementar novedosas estrategias y herramientas didácticas apoyadas en las TIC, modificando su dinámica tradicional. Esto generó un amplio debate en torno a los efectos que este conjunto de cambios generó sobre la enseñanza del Diseño; el impacto físico y emocional que la pandemia tuvo entre alumnos y docentes; las carencias tecnológicas y de infraestructura que enfrentaron las instituciones para hacer frente a los nuevos requerimientos; así como el riesgo latente de que la crisis generada por la COVID-19, sumada a la brecha tecnológica, agrave la exclusión educativa a nivel universitario.

De esta forma surgieron cuestionamientos respecto de los modelos de enseñanza implementados durante la pandemia (a distancia e híbrido) y los cambios que habrán de instrumentarse en la postpandemia (híbrido y presencial), en aras de una mejor práctica del Diseño, con visión sostenible e impacto social.

Las experiencias recabadas a lo largo de la investigación, permitieron reflexionar de manera general el impacto de la pandemia sobre la educación universitaria en México; evaluar éxitos y fracasos del proceso a lo largo del confinamiento, y cómo este conjunto de cambios debe favorecer una reinvención de la enseñanza del Diseño en México, en la era postCovid.
¿Qué hay detrás del silencio de una mujer, víctima de violencia sexual?: Argumentación de factores sistémicos que llevan al silencio de mujeres jóvenes de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Barahona-Beyer Alejandra , Benítez-Monroy Areli
Published: June 2022

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo argumentar cuáles son los factores que llevan a una mujer que fue víctima de violencia sexual a guardar silencio sobre su experiencia de violencia. Se entrevistó a 12 mujeres que vivieron violencia sexual y, a partir de la información recabada, se identificaron como factores que motivan el silencio: el miedo a las consecuencias que podría traer hablar del suceso, los sentimientos de culpa y vergüenza introyectados, la normalización de la violencia, y el difícil proceso de denuncia frente a instancias oficiales. Lo cual constituye la base para una capacitación de profesionales de la psicología en prevención, intervención temprana y acompañamiento. Además, se reconoció que este silencio es un proceso individual que debe ser visibilizado y respetado en camino a lograr una sociedad más empática y justa, en la que se luche por que no exista más este silencio y todo el peso que trae consigo, y en la que se impulse la justicia y equidad de género.
Criptomonedas en tiempos de COVID-19: conformación de carteras de inversión con activos digitales
Authors: Hernández Larios Juan Carlos , Olivares Aguayo Héctor Alonso , Vázquez-Espinoza de los Monteros Roberto Antonio
Published: June 2022

El mercado de criptomonedas en comparación a los mercados financieros tradicionales comienza a ser atractivo en los actuales tiempos pandémicos. El trabajo se enfoca en analizar la conformación de carteras de inversión que integra únicamente criptomonedas, y se comparan con los rendimientos diarios de los activos más populares del mercado tradicional. Para ello usa el método propuesto por Markowitz.
La Educación en decadencia por la Educación misma: Documental
Authors: Beltrán Fermoso Melisa Andrea
Published: June 2022

La Educación en decadencia por la Educación misma; habla sobre cómo una mala formación desde pequeños, puede llevar a una sociedad a perder el respeto por la enseñanza, haciendo que esta sea menospreciada. El problema educativo ha ido en crecimiento dado a los malos entendidos entre padres y docentes, es decir, diferenciar entre lo que cada uno de estos grupos creen acerca de las responsabilidades educativas para con los menores. Se realizó una investigación documental y una investigación diagnóstica para conocer las distintas aristas que conforman la educación, para finalmente, llevar a cabo un documental que retrate todos estos problemas educativos, el cual busca una reflexión sobre el ciclo familiar y la enseñanza de los menores, con el fin de mostrar los aspectos que se deben llevar a cabo para lograr una educación de calidad.
Proyecto virtual de instrumentación a distancia con señales reales para subsanar los impactos en la calidad educativa, derivados por la pandemia en asignaturas prácticas de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad La Salle México
Authors: Arteaga-Rico Carolina , Moreno-Zamudio Ximena , Soto-Trejo Mayra Elin , Ambrosio-Bastián José
Published: June 2022

Debido a la situación actual resultante de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 las instituciones educativas han sufrido un déficit en la educación, por ello es necesario adaptar la metodología de las prácticas de laboratorio para brindar los conocimientos necesarios e indispensables. Debido a esto se propuso el desarrollo de un proyecto virtual para el procesamiento de una señal biológica real de potencial de membrana, aún sin contar con las herramientas y equipo físico propios de un laboratorio, contribuyendo a proveer una educación de calidad e incluyente en la formación de ingenieros biomédicos.
La cosmovisión promovida por la cultura mainstream en los Influencers más seguidos de 2020 en la plataforma Instagram
Authors: Vázquez Huitron Marcela Guadalupe
Published: June 2022

Los medios masivos de comunicación han ido evolucionando en conjunto con la tecnología y la sociedad; a su vez, cada medio ha tenido un papel clave en la promoción de conductas y comportamientos que se vuelven normativos. Las redes sociales han ayudado a crear una nueva red de difusión en donde las barreras geográficas ya no son un impedimento. Con esta facilidad para ser parte de la globalización, las expresiones culturales se han vuelto virales, impactando en los usuarios, y a su vez, a la manera en que conciben el mundo; prueba de ello son los Influencers, quienes mediante plataformas como Instagram establecen cierto contenido que es consumido de manera masiva y aceptado por los usuarios, quienes lo adoptan como parte de su cultura. Se promueve así un intercambio global donde los códigos cambian constantemente y las audiencias se ven obligadas a adaptarse a ellos para mantener su interacción en las diversas plataformas existentes. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar la cosmovisión promovida por la cultura mainstream a través de los cinco influencers en Instagram más vistos durante 2020, que será analizado mediante la etnografía digital propuesta por Christine Hine; esta se centra en comprender cómo funciona la relación entre los usuarios y el entorno digital.
La danza – El cine – Guattari
Authors: Ovalle Tello Karla Paola
Published: June 2022

Este proyecto busca solucionar un problema social que se ha generado durante la pandemia, centrado en el área de salud y tomando la agenda 2030 de las ODS tenemos salud y bienestar, con el propósito de resolver un conflicto de salud psicológica y emocional. Esta problemática abarca el sector social de cualquier nivel socioeconómico, las consecuencias directas que ha dejado la pandemia son conflictos sociales, psicológicos y emocionales, este proyecto busca resolver la necesidad de comunicarse con los demás afrontando nuestra situación actual durante la pandemia.
Potencial antioxidante de las vitaminas C y E presentes en concentrados farmacéuticos comerciales
Authors: Macias Flores María Fernanda , Montes Anaya Tabatha Brisa , Miranda Marroquín Ayna Marbella , Romero Gómez Jacqueline
Published: June 2022

Las vitaminas C y E presentan una función antioxidante en sinergia dentro de los organismos biológicos debido a la dependencia del alfa-Tocoferol para reducirse nuevamente por acción del ácido ascórbico en los sistemas antioxidantes, lo que queda en evidencia con la baja presencia de manchas cafés sobre la pulpa de manzanas y aguacates utilizados para la experimentación. Esta evidencia atiende principalmente a la problemática sobre la aparición de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles que representan la causa del 71% de las muertes de personas que se producen en el mundo cada año.
Diseño racional y análisis in silico de potencial antiviral multitarget para el tratamiento de la COVID-19
Authors: Hernández Contreras José Patricio , Araiza Macías María José , Martínez Méndez Yvanna Helena , Vivar-Sierra Alonso , Loza-Mejía Marco Antonio
Published: June 2022

En 2019 en Wuhan, China, surgió el virus SARS-CoV-2, el cual provocó el confinamiento de millones de personas que; detonó en problemas socioeconómicos y políticos y provocó la disminución del PIB per cápita en 90% de los países, siendo esta la mayor caída en la economía desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial, estimándose que 88 millones de personas serán empujadas a la pobreza extrema. Ha causado alrededor de 175,000,000 de casos y casi 4,000,000 decesos a nivel mundial (12 de junio de 2021). Para infectar a la célula une la proteína espiga (S) con el receptor de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina-2 (ECA-2). Además, la rotura proteolítica de la proteína S por la serin proteasa transmembranal (TMPRSS2) induce la fusión de la membrana viral y la plasmática. Se diseñó una molécula y se determinó su potencial actividad farmacológica a través de estudios in silico. El fármaco multitarget podría imposibilitar la entrada celular del virus mediante la inhibición de la proteína Spike y TMPRSS2 y a su vez disminuir la tormenta de citocinas con el agonismo de PPAR- γ. Este efecto terapéutico representaría una opción viable para el tratamiento de la enfermedad COVID-19.
La importancia de la ventilación natural para disminuir el riesgo de contagio por SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Diosdado-Sánchez Alejandra
Published: June 2022

Se realizó un experimento en el que se establece la importancia de la ventilación natural y se determina el riesgo de contagio por SARS-CoV-2 tomando como medida indirecta a la concentración de CO2, determinada con un monitor de calidad de aire, dentro de una habitación. Se analizó a un grupo de estudio de tres personas adultas, las cuales se sometieron a ciertas condiciones experimentales. Primero, se determinó la concentración de CO2 en una habitación sin ventilación, y posteriormente con ventilación natural cruzada (puerta y ventana abierta). Posteriormente, permanecieron sin hablar durante el mismo tiempo en la habitación con la puerta y ventana cerradas, y se comparó con los resultados obtenidos cuando se ventiló naturalmente; por último, bajo ambas condiciones,  se compararon los valores obtenidos cuando los participantes se mantuvieron cantando. Se evidenció que la ventilación natural sí disminuye el riesgo de contagio por SARS-CoV-2 ya que su aplicación disminuyó la concentración de CO2 en la habitación. Así mismo, se propone la instalación de medidores de CO2 en espacios cerrados para monitorear sus concentraciones e identificar situaciones de riesgo.