bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma abordagem sobre o papel da mulher na cadeia produtiva do café no município da Barra do Choça, Bahia
Authors: Santos Paulo Roberto Pinto , Meira Ariana Lisboa , Souza Sandra Elizabeth
Published: May 2018

O município da Barra do Choça, distante 27 km de Vitória da Conquista, é destaque na produção de café na Região do Planalto da Conquista desde a implantação da cultura. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o papel da mulher inserida em diversos setores da cadeia produtiva do café no município da Barra do Choça na Bahia, visando à satisfação com a atividade que exerce a relação trabalho/família e sua autoestima. Este estudo foi realizado através da aplicação de questionário, abrangendo dados pessoais, atuação na cadeia produtiva do café, relação trabalho/família, trajetória do trabalho fora de casa, realização profissional, lazer nos finais de semana, mulher na cafeicultura, e quem é o nome da entrevistada. Foram entrevistadas 25 mulheres, entre elas 24 na zona rural, sendo Assentamento Mocambo, Ingazeira e Santo Antônio II (três), Pau Brasil e Santo Antônio I (duas), Boa Vista e Coqueiro (uma), Sossego (nove) e no próprio município da Barra do Choça (uma). Conclui-se que a participação da mulher dentro do setor cafeeiro no município da Barra do Choça, está em crescimento e que estas mulheres estão satisfeitas com a atividade que exercem, pois conseguem conciliar trabalho e família, e possuem elevada autoestima.
Pastoralists’ grazing systems and eco-related outcomes in Yewa Division of Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Lawal-Adebowale O. A. , Ayinde I. A. , Olanite J. A. , Ojo V. O. A. , Onifade O. S. , Jolaoso A. O. , Arigbede O. M.
Published: May 2018

In Nigeria heavy dependence of cattle on natural pasture for grazing has resulted in the emergence of a range of grazing systems and ecosystem challenges. Consequently this study appraised the grazing systems in use and their eco-relational outcomes for sustainable cattle management in Yewa Division of Ogun State. A total of 143 pastoralists agreed to take part in the survey and provided data on the commonly practiced grazing systems and ecological effects through the use of an interview format, interactive discussions plus field observations. The study outcome showed continuous, unpatterned rotational and transverse grazing systems were commonly practiced. The study also revealed that the employed grazing systems were independent of size of the cattle herds. While cattle were healthy under the grazing systems employed, soil degradation occurred in some instances. While the grazing systems employed by the pastoralists were satisfactory from the animal perspective, studies are needed to minimize the extent of soil degradation in the area.
Frequency and characteristics of side effects associated with antidepressant drugs.
Authors: Kusturica Jasna , Zulić Irfan , Loga-Zec Svjetlana , Mulabegović Nedžad , Loga Slobodan , Kapić Elvedina
Published: May 2018

Depression is among the most common of chronic health problems. WHO report predicts that depression will be the leading cause of disability in the industrial world by the year 2020. To be successful, treatment for the patients suffering from depression must be continued until complete recovery, but most patients do not stay on their antidepressant medication long enough. One of the most frequent reasons for break down is appearance of unpleasant side effects. In this study we followed up dynamics of the characteristic side effects of antidepressant therapy, with the major goal to assess their frequency and characteristics. The sample was all female patients taking antidepressant drugs in the Department of Psychiatry of Clinical Centre of University in Sarajevo. The treatment with antidepressants was efficient in most of the patients. A major advantage of SSRI over TCA was less pronounced side effects. The most intensive side effects of TCA (amitriptyline) were dry mouth, tremor and tachycardia while the most frequent side effects included blurred vision, tachycardia, dry mouth, tremor and sedation. Side effects of SSRI (fluoxetine/fluvoxamine) were mild, and the most frequent were nausea, tachycardia, swelling, dry mouth.
Frequency of the antipsychotic therapy acute side effects in the treatment of acute psychosis
Authors: Loga-Zec Svjetlana , Zulić Irfan , Mulabegović Nedžad , Cerić Ismet , Loga Slobodan , Fišeković Saida , Kusturica Jasna , Krošnjar Sanja
Published: May 2018

Antipsychotic drugs produce a wide spectrum of physiological actions. Some of these effects differ among the various classes of antipsychotics. This medications have indications in the treatment of acute psychotic disorders. The main goal of this investigation was to determine the incidence and prevalence of the neuroleptic therapy acute side effects. The reason for this epidemiological investigation performing was the lack of knowledge of the exact neuroleptic therapy side effects incidence. Qualitative study on this problem has not been performed yet. Antipsychotic therapy side effects prevalence rate according to the literature data is ranging from 24% to 74%. Different prevalence rate is a consequence of different antipsychotic drug usage, different drug administration method and different side effects identification. On account of all these facts, we put the hypothesis on the correlation between the antipsychotic therapy and occurred side effects. Our experiment included all patients hospitalised from December 31st 1999 to January 31st 2000 in Intensive Care Unit of Biological Psychiatry Department of Psychiatric Clinic in Sarajevo. All patients were divided in three groups according to the applied therapy. All of them met ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia (F20-29). During our study the following examinations were performed: psychiatric interview, BRPS, scale of side effects, psychophysiological tests, general clinical impression, scale of appetite, carbon hydrate needs scale. Psychiatric and statistical evaluations were done as well. The evaluation of our examination is showing successful results in all groups of patients. The improvement of psychopathological symptoms was insignificant. Reported side effects were minimal with low incidence rate and relatively high prevalence rate. Statistical tests were calculated from the obtained data after what the null hypothesis was rejected. Consequently, an alternative hypothesis was confirmed and it indicated that the acute side effectsincidence and prevalence were within the range of expectation. Intensity of the recorded side effects was moderate to mild. On the basis of the obtained data, it has been concluded that applied antipsychotic agents did not induce more psychophysiological function impairments in the treated patients. Psychophysiological functions remained in physiological range limits and their changes were not significant. Neuroleptic therapy side effects were minimal, meaning no toxic signs or therapy discontinuations were recorded.
The new trends in theophylline therapy
Authors: Mehmedagić Aida , Vranić Edina , Hadžović Sabira , Pokrajac Milena , Milić Jela , Mehić Bakir , Žutić Hasan , Konjicija Abdulah
Published: May 2018

Sustained-release theophylline pellets formulation for once-daily evening administration significantly improved patients compliance and adjusted serum levels profile of the drug. The patients conversion from i.v. to p.o. therapy is one of the most critical steps in the treatment of asthma according to its chronopathophysiological character. In our study we have examined safety and efficiency of this conversion in twelve hospitalised asthmatic patients who were given the new sustained-release theophylline pellets formulation for once-daily evening administration. The lung function parameters (FEV1, VC, RV, and Rt) and serum theophylline concentrations were monitored. So, the values obtained for the last day of i.v. therapy and the fifth day of p.o. therapy were compared. We found that 75% of the patients had no change or improved lung function on the conversion. Our results indicate that this conversion from i.v. to p.o. theophylline therapy is safe and could be efficacious. Also, the maximum theophylline serum levels could safely be predicted by measuring only one serum concentration in p.o. therapy with sustained-release theophylline pellets formulation for once-daily evening administration.
Transcranial Doppler sonography as diagnostic method
Authors: Đelilović-Vranić Jasminka
Published: May 2018

Having in mind the fact that cerebrovascular disease (CVB) takes today in medicine, in spite of diagnostic and therapeutic modernisation, the third place of mortality causes in the world (behind cordial and malignant diseases, but in front of depressions), and the second place of invalidity cause (right after trauma) as well as the second place of dementia cause (after Alzheimer disease), it urges primary prophylaxis. Developing countries, but before all countries of East and Middle Europe, where is our country, are highly risked areas where CV disease has trend of incidence and total frequency increase. In the neighbouring Croatia today CV disease is at the first place of mortality causes. In the world today 5 million people annually suffer CV disease, in Europe about 700.000, but frequency of suffering on Balkan is about 5 prom. Age of CV disease effecting unfortunately moved towards young age, and today 49% of effected by CV disease are of 46 to 59 years of age. Early detection and treatment of risk factors (before hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, stress and physical non-activities) are the first aspect of CV disease prophylaxis. Together with this aspect of primary prophylaxis is early detection of complications of mentioned risk factors on the walls of blood vessels, before all changing in sense of arteriosclerosis, with consequence of disorder of cerebral haemodynamics. With that objective - verification of circulator and total haemodynamic disorders, there is obvious disclose of non-invasive diagnostic methods, and one of them is Transcranial Doppler Sonography(TCD). TCD is method comfortable for patient, reliable and rather precise, dynamic, and can be repeated several times, without side effects and in comparison with others rather cheap.
Proteasome inhibitors: new class of antitumor agents
Authors: Srkalović Gordan
Published: May 2018

The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is the principal pathway for intracellular protein degradation1,2 (Fig 1). This pathway selectively degrades an extensive number of short-lived regulatory proteins involved in the control of normal cellular processes. In order to be degraded, proteins targeted by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway are covalently tagged by polyubiquitination, via a three-step enzymatic process, which ultimately leads to their recognition and degradation, by the 26S proteasome in a highly specific and regulated manner. This process is accomplished by the sequential action of three enzymes: an ATP-dependent ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), an ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) and an ubiquitin-pro-tein ligase (E3).3 This cascade covalently links the C terminus of ubiquitin to a free amino group on the target protein, usually the ε-amino of a lysine residue.
Animal model of thermal injuries
Authors: Bečić F. , Mornjaković Z. , Zulić I. , Prašović S. , Mulabegović N. , Kapić E. , Mijanović M.
Published: May 2018

Experimental studies of burns require the use of different animal models with the aim to imitate and reproduce pathophysiological conditions. The aim of this work was to establish experimental model of thermal injury.New Zealand rabbits, weighted from 1.8 kg to 2.3 kg, were utilised during our study. Another, also utilized, animal types were laboratory Rattus rats, species Wistar, albino type, females with body weight of about 232 g. All animals were from our own litter (Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine in Sarajevo). During the experiment, animal were properly situated in adequate cages and rooms, at the controlled temperature (22 ± 2°C), and in the air with normal humidity level. All animals took food and water ad libitum.Rabbits received anesthesia - intravenous pentobarbital sodium in a dose of 60 mg/kg, and then, hair from the upper side of the each rabbit ear was removed and burns were caused by a metal seal in the same manner as in rats. Rats were primarily anesthesied by intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium in a dose of 35 mg/kg, and then, their hair was removed from the scapula zone (5 cm x 5 cm). Burns were caused by contact with a round metal seal, heated at 80°C in a water bath, during the period of 14 seconds together with contact thermometer control. Round metal seal (radius: 2.5 cm; weight: 100 g; surface: 5 cm2) was just placed on the rat skin without any additional pressure. In order to maintain the microcirculation in the burn wound and to reduce the conversion of partial-thickness skin burns to the burns of the full-thickness skin, all burn wounds were immediately sunk in the 4°C water. Subsequent to that procedure, all animals were individually situated in the proper cages, and left to rest for 4 hours with a constant cautious monitoring of the wound development and animal general state.
Clomipramine and fluoxetine effects in the treatment of panic disorder
Authors: Čavaljuga Semra , Ličanin Ifeta , Kapić Elvedina , Potkonjak Dubravka
Published: May 2018

Panic disorder (PD) is an acute psychobiologic reaction manifested by intense anxiety and panic attacks, that occur unpredictably with subjective sense of intense apprehension or terror, accompanied by temporary loss of the ability to plan, think, or reason and the intense desire to escape or flee the situation. Panic attacks may last from a few seconds to an hour or longer, Symptoms typically include, among others, palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension, chest pain, dyspnoea, and fear of loosing control or going crazy and vague feeling of imminent doom or death. Since pharmacotherapy of PD includes the administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants, the objective of this study was to perform a pilot double blind clinical trial designed to compare the effects of two studied drugs in the treatment of PD.A total number of 40 patients with a history of panic disorder were randomly assigned into two groups of 20 patients each. Hamilton anxiety rating scale and Standard Psychiatric Interview were methods for PD assessment. One group was treated with clomipramine hydrochloride (ANAFRANIL®) 75 mg/day and the other with fluoxetine (OXETIN®) 60 mg/day. Both drugs were administrated by mouth (PO) two times-a-day in equally divided doses for 6 weeks.Both studied agents produced similar antipanic effectiveness. Favourable response was achieved in 95% of patients treated with fluoxetine and 90% of patients treated with clomipramine. The onset of antipanic effects was quicker in all clomipramine treated patients, while fluox-etine produced more-favourable response in male patients. The duration of treatment with both antidepres-sants studied should be at least 10 weeks, instead of 6 weeks.
Cardiac troponin I: the gold standard in acute myocardial infarction diagnosis
Authors: Hasić Sabaheta , Kiseljaković Emina , Jadrić Radivoj , Radovanović Jovan , Winterhalter-Jadrić Mira
Published: May 2018

Cardiovascular diseases are leading cause of morbidity in the world. Measurement of the level of biochemical markers in the serum is one of World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Non-specific clinical state of patients and insufficiently sensitive electrocardiographic (ECG) diagnostics, at patient's hospital admission time, point out the importance of biochemical markers in acute myocardial infarction diagnosis. Technology development and new diagnostic methods lead to the invention of highly sensitive and specific marker as myocardialdamage evidence. Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) is specific marker for myocardial damage1. Its elevation in the serum within myocardial ischemia symptomatology is important in diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
Effects of the Treatment of Acute Lumbar Painful Syndrome (ALPS) by "Praxis Method" during the Period from 1996 to 2000
Authors: Pecar Džemal , Masić Izet , Pecar Muris , Mujić Muzafer , Karić Mediha
Published: May 2018

Summary Acute lumbar syndrome occurs suddenly and is accompanied with strong pain in the lower part of the back. The most frequent APLS causes are vertebral (herniation of intervertebral disc, subluxation of intervertebral disc, subluxation of intervertebral joint, fracture of vertebra -traumatic or pathological), or extravertebral (subluxation of sacroiliac joint, acute bursitis of iliolumbar segment, muscle injuries or injuries of tendo-ligamentous apparatus of lumbosacral region).The treatment of acute lumbar painful syndrome is classified as medical, alternatively medical, surgical and combined. On the basis of durable experience, “Praxis method” as a treatment of lumbar pain (general and acute) is being applied in the Centre for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation “Praxis” in Sarajevo. During the period from 1996 to 2000, the total number of 5.663 patients were examined in the centre “Praxis”. Out of that number, 17.7% (1.003) of patients had acute lumbar painful syndrome (ALPS). Immediately after the therapeutic manipulation, which included “Praxis method, 31.5% (317) patients experienced the cessation of pains followed by ending of the treatment. The length of treatment for the rest of patients lasted: 1-7 days in 412 or 41.07% of patients, 8-21 days in 195 or 19.48% of patients, and more than 21 days in 79 or 7.88% of patients. For all patients (1.003) the average treatment duration was 6.6 days. The recidivation occurred in 127 patients (12.66%).Throughout the treatment successfulness estimation according to clinical results scaled from 0 to 5, it was confirmed that out of the total number of 831 patients (82.85%) results were excellent in 459 patients (45.76%) or very good in 372 patients (35.09%).The average age of patients was ranging between 35 and 45 years (621 patients or 61.9%). The male/female distribution was 2:1.
Evaluation of haematology analyzer CELL-DYN 3700 SL
Authors: Suljević Enver , Fazlić Muhamed , Čorić Jozo , Kiseljaković Emina
Published: May 2018

Research on the parameters of full blood count and differential white blood count is included in the program of all medical laboratories of primary, secondary and tertiary health care levels. Today, all haematological tests are exclusively performed on the haematology analyzers. Automation of haematology laboratories is a result of the huge requires for haematological test performing, timely issuing of the haematological findings, and possibility of the usage of modern techniques.This work is an evaluation of laser haematology analyzer Cell-Dyn 3700 SL. It investigates the reliability of test results throughout the following parameters: precision, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of determination methods. It also explores the influence of sample transferring and correlation with haematology analyzer MAXM Retti. Haematology parameters that have been investigated are: white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils (NEU), lymphocytes (LXM), monocytes (MONO), eosinophils (EOS), basophils (BASO), red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCHC) red cell distribution width (RDW), platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletocrit (PCT), and platelet distribution width (PDW).The results confirms that precision of analyzer fulfils the reproducibility of testing parameters: WBC, RBC, HGB, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and PLT. Correlation coefficient values (r) gained throughout the statistical analysis, that is linear regression results obtained throughout the comparison of two analyzers are adequate except for MCHC (r = 0.64), what is in accordance with literature data.Accuracy is tested by haematology analyzer method and microscopic differentiating method. Correlation coefficient results for granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes point the accuracy of methods. Sensitivity and specificity parameters fulfil the analytical criteria.It is confirmed that haematology analyzer Cell-Dyn 3700 SL is reliable for the determination of full blood count in everyday work. Analyzer and its program for differential white blood count can be used for the research and separation of normal and pathological blood counts with addition of microscopic methods confirming distribution or morphologic changes of leukocytes.
Classification and evaluation of medical devices
Authors: Vranić Edina
Published: May 2018

Medical devices and medical disposables contribute significantly to the quality and effectiveness of the health care system. It is necessary to commit scientifically sound regulatory environment that will provide consumers with the best medical care. This includes continued services to small manufacturers, readily available guidance on FDA requirements, predictable and reasonable response times on applications for marketing, and equitable enforcement. But in the public interest, this commitment to the industry must be coupled with a reciprocal commitment: that medical device firms will meet high standards in the design, manufacture, and evaluation of their products. The protections afforded our consumer, and the benefits provided the medical device industry, cannot be underestimated.
Artificial creation of genetically identical individuals--reproductive cloning
Authors: Berberović Ljubomir
Published: May 2018

During the second half of the previous century, biologists were continuously searching for the answers to the questions about the creation of genetically identical individuals. From the very first ideas (Spemann, 1938) and the early reports on the attempts and successes in the reproductive cloning (Briggs and King, 1952; Stewart et al., 1958) to the recent news about the first cloned baby birth (published informally at the end of 2002), that topic gathered a significant scientific and non-scientific attention. All assertions about human cloning resounded as a sensation and made a particular public unrest, even though it was in fact an operation based on the existence of already well known scientific postulations, theories and experimental results. In spite of whether human individuals were cloned or not (many scientists expressed serious reserves regarding the above mentioned news), a wider public interest in cloning, its importance and procedures and a new technology practical possibilities increased significantly.
Dossier for marketing authorization in the European union
Authors: Todić Maida
Published: May 2018

Extensive and complete documentation must be presented for marketing authorization of a medicinal product in the EU. Presented documentation should prove quality, safety and efficacy of the medicinal product. It is ensured that the applicant supplies the authorities with complete information. The legislation in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has also taken more steps towards those European directions.The presentation and content of the dossier in the European Union has been redefined. The “old” EU format will be replaced with the Common Technical Document (EU CTD format) agreed in 2000, within the International Conference on Harmonization framework. These two formats are intended to coexist during the transition period until July 2003. The CTD is an internationally agreed upon format for the preparation of a well structured presentation for applications to be submitted to regulatory authorities in the three ICH regions of Europe, US and Japan.
Incidence of malignant tumors of larynx and their treatment
Authors: Alagić-Smailbegović Jasminka , Kapidžić Adnan , Šutalo Kamenko , Resić Mudžahid , Hadžić Edina
Published: May 2018

We retrospectively analyzed patients with larynx cancer that were treated at ENT Clinics in Sarajevo in the last 5 years. According to the tumor site, TNM classification, operative procedure and postoperative treatment we found the following: Over the last 5 years 156 patients underwent surgical treatment--143 (91,6%) male and 23 (8.4%) female. According to the age 1 patient belonged in the age group 30-40 years (0.64%), 25 in the age group 40-50 years (16%), 51 in the age group 50-60 (32.7%), and 79 were over 60 years of age (50.6%). Of those 145 were smokers (93%), and 11 non-smokers (7%). Histological findings showed 100% cases with squamous cell cancer. Most of the patients were surgically treated with total laryngeoctomy with unilateral or bilateral dissection and thyroidectomy or lobectomy (29%) or total laryngectomy with thyroidectomy or lobectomy (23%), total laryngectomy (22%). The rest of the patients underwent total laryngeoctomy with unilateral or bilateral dissection (16%) chordectomy (4%), supraglottic laryngectomy (3%), hemilaryngectomy (2%) and hemilaryngectomy with dissection (1%) All patients were postoperatively irradiated and chemotherapy was combined with irradiation only in younger patients.
Significance of the interferon (IFN) in the therapy
Authors: Mahmutović Sabina , Bešlagić Edina
Published: May 2018

Interferons belong to the group of the regulatory glycoproteins, of low molecular mass. They are the products of infected cell-genome, but not virus, as a consequence of the cause answer by different inductors. Human IFN are divided on the sequence of amino-acids into three groups: Alpha, Beta and Gamma interferons. Recently are discovered new types of IFNs: Omega and Tau, but bigger than alpha molecules. Also, has been performed the division into two types: I and II. Besides the antiviral and antiproliferative effects, they have also the effect in the treatment of malignant diseases, and act protectively against the radiation.
Testing of analgesic effect of fluoxetine
Authors: Begović Amra , Zulić İrfan , Becić Fahir
Published: May 2018

Fluoxetine is used in treatment of depression caused by a variety of different factors and from year to year new indications are being added, especially in conditions followed with strong bouts of pain. Additional flouxetine based therapy that is known to help in improvement of mental state and mood stabilization can significantly increase analgesic effects.Analgesic effects of fluoxetine as well as of fluoxetine in combination with morphine were analyzed on albino mice of both genders. The sense of pain was induced by thermal stimulus by the method of hot plate. Analgesic effect was measured 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after a single i.p. administration of fluoxetine in following dosages: 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg. The control group was treated with 0.1 ml/10 g physiological solution. Test group injected with morphine s.c. (7 mg/kg) was used to observe the effect of fluoxetine in combination with morphine.Fluoxetine applied in 5mg/kg dosage causes increased pain reaction 60 and 90 minutes (p=0.049 and p=0.002) (t-test) following application when compared with corresponding values of control group. When fluoxetine is applied in 10 mg/kg dosage duration of pain reaction is significantly increased after 30 (p=0.01), 60 (p=0.001) and 90 minutes (p=0.026), when compared to the control group. When fluoxetine is applied in 20 mg/kg dosage duration of pain reaction is increased 60 and 120 minutes (p<0.001) after application when compared to the control group. After application of fluoxetine (5 mg/kg) in combination with morphine, reaction time to pain is significantly extended (pO.001) 60, 90 and 120 minutes after application when compared to the control group injected exclusively with morphine.Fluoxetine causes analgesic effect in all three applied dosages as well as it significantly increases analgesic effect when applied in 5mg/kg dosage in combination with morphine.
Menarcheal age of girls from dysfunctional families
Authors: Toromanović Alma , Tahirović Husref
Published: May 2018

The objective of the present study was to determine median age at menarche and the influence of familial instability on maturation. The sample included 7047 girls between the ages of 9 and 17 years from Tuzla Canton. The girls were divided into two groups. Group A (N=5230) comprised girls who lived in families free of strong traumatic events. Group B (N=1817) included girls whose family dysfunction exposed them to prolonged distress. Probit analysis was performed to estimate mean menarcheal age using the Probit procedure of SAS package. The mean menarcheal age calculated by probit analysis for all the girls studied was 13.07 years. In girls from dysfunctional families a very clear shift toward earlier maturation was observed. The mean age at menarche for group B was 13.0 years, which was significantly lower that that for group A, 13.11 years (t=2.92, P<0.01). The results surveyed here lead to the conclusion that girls from dysfunctional families mature not later but even earlier than girls from normal families. This supports the hypothesis that stressful childhood life events accelerate maturation of girls.
Anti-cytokeratin 7: a positive marker for epithelial dysplasia in flat bowel mucosa
Authors: Radović Svjetlana , Selak Ivan , Babić Mirsad , Vukobrat-Bijedić Zora , Knežević Željka
Published: May 2018

The aim of this paper is to establish by immunohistochemistry the expression of keratin 7 in inflammatory-regenerative flat bowel mucosa and in different grades of epithelial dysplasia regarding the sub-units expressed in normal and carcinomatous colonic mucosa. Biopsy specimens from 270 patients were examined: 74 were classified as inflammatory-regenerative changes and 196 as dysplastic lesions. There were 108 cases of mild dysplasia, 58 cases of moderate and 30 cases of severe dysplasia, respectively). Demonstration of location and intensity of cytokeratin 7 staining was performed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody (anti-cytokeratin 7). Findings of cytokeratin 7 in dysplastic lesions were compared with those in normal mucosa, inflammatory -regenerative mucosa and adenocarcinoma. Cytokeratin 7 is not found in normal colonic mucosa. In inflammatory-regenerative mucosa it was found in solitary cells in small number of cases. It is found in all cases of epithelial dysplasia and its expression showed no difference regarding moderate and severe dysplasia. In few cases of adenocarcinoma, cytokeratin 7 is found in traces and showed minimal staining intensity. Having in mind that cytokeratine 7 is primarily found in dysplastic lesions of the flat colonic mucosa it can be a valuable diagnostic tool in the histological interpretation of epithelial dysplasia.
The level of physical activity and the growth hormone (GH) response to acute physical exercise
Authors: Hadžović Almira , Nakaš-Ićindić Emina , Kucukalić-Selimović Elma , Avdagić Nešina , Začiragić Asija
Published: May 2018

There is no clear evidence about the influence of programmed physical activity (training) on growth hormone (GH) response to acute physical exercise. The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between the level of physical activity and the serum growth hormoneconcentration in response to acute physical exercise. The study was performed on 20, healthy male subjects. Based on the level of their physical activities they were divided in two groups of equal size: group 1, trained, and group 2, untrained subjects. All subjects performed one boot of exercise on cycle ergometer, lasting 30 minutes. Work intensity was approx. 65% of VO2 max, and the rate of cycling was 60/min. Serum GH concentrations were measured by IRMA (immunoradiometric assays) method in blood samples obtained in the period of rest, during exercise and in the recovery period. There were marked differences in the dynamics of changes in the serum GH concentrations during exercise period between the groups of various level of physical activity despite the lack of the significant differences in basal level and maximal level of serum GH concentration at the end of exercise. Untrained subjects showed faster increase in serum GH concentration than trained subjects, but in trained subjects the restoration of the basal values in the recovery period was faster. These results indicate that the level of physical activities in young, healthy male subjects has no influence on GH response to acute physical exercise.
Trazodone influence on rat sera beta-endorphins level
Authors: Jadrić Radivoj , Zulić İrfan , Hasić Sabaheta , Kiseljaković Emina , Zečević Belma , Radovanović Jovan , Ićindić-Nakaš Emina , Winterhalter-Jadrić Mira
Published: May 2018

Some 25 years ago it was found that parts of CNS could produce strong analgesic response on little morphine quantities. Later studies proved the existence for dozen of morphine-like substances, called opioids, which are normally produced in the brain. The most important are endorphins, met- and leu-encephalin and dinorphin produced both in hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The aim of our study was to found whether and how strong produce of beta-endorphins is to be expected when psychotropic drugs are used. Trazodon as antidepressant was used, and RIA technique for quantification of sera beta-endorphins. The results showed significant difference in rat sera beta-endorphinsbetween certain days of drug application. These studies showed that beta-endorphins could be of great importance, used as markers for evaluation of patient treatment and eventual abuse of psychotropic drugs.
Metabolic control and body mass index in patients with type 1 diabetes on different insulin regimens
Authors: Kulenović Indira , Rasić Senija , Grujić Mirko
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Without sufficient insulin treatment, acceptable level of glycoregulation, avoidance of dislipoproteinaemia and maintaince of body mass is difficult to achieve in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). On the other hand sometimes it is difficult to prevent weight gain, endogenous hyperlipidemia and iatrogenic insulin resistance.AIM: To compare metabolic control indicators in patients with type 1 DM in patients treated conventionally to those on intensified insulin regimen.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 52 persons with type 1 DM, without late complications and long duration of the disease, was selected. Among them 19 (36.5%) persons were treated with insulin in 4 or 5 doses, and 33 (63.5%) conventionally, in 2 doses. All the participants had biochemical indicators of metabolic control determined (glycosylated Hb, fasting and postprandial glycaemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides as well as lipoprotein fractions, HDLC and LDLC), body height (BH) and weight (BW) measured, body mass index calculated (BMI) and blood pressure measured (BP).RESULTS: In the group treated conventionally we found significantly higher mean values of BMI as compared to those on intensified insulin treatment (23.2 ± 2.0 kg/m2, and 21.2 ± 1.2 kg/m2 respectively, p<0.01) and proportion of those with overweight was as well significantly higher (27.3% versus 0%, p =0.012). We noted higher mean values of systolic (134.2 ± 17.6 mmHg, versus 123.4 ± 12.7. p<0.05) and diastolic (83.2 ± 10.1, versus 74.0 ± 9.7, p<0.01) BP. Biohemical indicators of gly-coregulation were significantly worse with, at the same time, higher total dose of applied insulin (55.9 ± 8.5 IU, versus 46.3 ± 10.0 IU, p <0.01), and insulin units per kg of body weight (0.84 ± 0.11 IU/kg versus 0.77 ± 0.15 IU/kg, p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Results indicate that intensified insulin treatment is more favourable variant of treatment, by which the certain level of insulin resistance, which might be present in patients treated with two higher insulin doses, is probably reduced. Therefore it improves metabolic outputs, blood pressure values and body mass index but also may have beneficial impact to economic aspect of insulin treatment as well.
Left ventricular hypertrophy and risk factors for its development in uraemic patients
Authors: Rasić Senija , Kulenović Indira , Haracić Azra , Catović Amra
Published: May 2018

Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of mortality in uraemic patients treated by hemodialysis. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is considered to be a major cardiac risk factor.AIM: To investigate the presence of some potential adverse risk factors in hemodialysis patients with developed LVH echocardiography verified and determine their relative contribution to the LVH in comparison with patients with normal LV.METHOD: The study included 50 patients with end-stage renal disease in the first 2 years of hemodialysis treatment, who were followed up during one year. All participants have the echocardiography performed as well as serial measurements of potential modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.RESULTS: This investigation showed that LVH is present in high percentage (72%) in uraemic patients, even at the beginning of hemodialysis treatment. This LV morphological abnormality is statistically significantly related to anaemia (p<0,001), systolic (p<0,001) and diastolic hypertension (p<0,001)), elevated mean arterial pressure (p<0,001) and hyperparathyroidism (p=0,002).CONCLUSION: Modification of existing risk factors in uraemic patients could contribute to prevention and treatment of LV hypertophy and thus reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Morphogenesis of the rat forebrain
Authors: Aličelebić Selma , Mornjaković Zakira , Kundurović Zlata
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Developmental process that leads to final forebrain shaping is a result of complex histogenetic and morphogenetic events. Comprehensions about brain development are based on observations carried out on onthogenetic successive stages. Microscopic analysis of brain together with analysis of serial sections gives information about shape the of some forebrain parts and basic relations between them. The aim of this study was to analyse morphogenesis in the earliest stages of rat's forebrain development.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Rat brains used in this study were obtained from Fisher inbred rats with accurately timed pregnancies. The investigation was carried out on serial frontal sections of rat embryonic heads from the 12th (E12) to the 16th (E16) day of gestation. Gestation was considered to have begun early in the morning when sperm was found in the vaginal smear. Histological paraffin and plastic sections were systematically inspected with regard to morphogenetic changes of the forebrain parts telencephalon and diencephalon.RESULTS:E12: neural tube is completely closed in its cranial part. Rostral part of forebrain shows telencephalons vesicles origins as slightly paired enlargements of neuroepithelial wall. Between telencephalic vesicles origin and in direction to caudal there is an origin of diencephalon. E13: rostral part of forebrain shows well expressed and divided areas of telencephalons vesicles as basal, basolateral, dorsal and medial telencephalon. Central area between paired vesicles is a telencephalon impar. In diencephalon optic vesicles appeared. Epithalamus, thalamus and hypothalamus origins are slight enlargements of its neuroepithelial wall. E14: telencephalic vesicles spread above telencephalon impar into rostral direction and above diencephalon in rostrodorsal direction. Their basolateral parts of are very thickened and become folded. Sulcus telodiencephalicus appears. E15: the main event is the appearance of the origins of plexus choroideus in the area of telencephalon impar as fingerlike processes. E16: all forebrain parts, especially telencephalic vesicles-origin of brain hemispheres and processes of plexus choroideus, are progressively growing and shaping.CONCLUSIONS:Our morphologic analysis describes significant morphogenetic changes in the forebrain shape. The forebrain changes from a relatively simple tubular structure with thin walls surrounding a large ventricular system to a thick-walled brain with a highly convoluted but reduced ventricular system.
Timing of management of severe injuries of the lower extremity by free flap transfer
Authors: Dornseifer Ulf , Ninković Milomir
Published: May 2018

Covering defects by free-tissue transfers enable surgeons to reconstruct or salvage the lower extremity injured or amputated in high-energy traumas which result in extensive damage to soft tissue, bone, tendons, vessels and nerve. The timing of the reconstruction using flaptechniques is extremely important. It can be divided into three categories: "primary free flap closure" (12 to 24 hours), "delayed primary free flap closure" (2 to 7 days), and "secondary free flap closure" (after 7 days). Our treatment of choice in an isolated complex injury of a lower extremity with a soft tissue defect is "primary free flap closure" providing improved funcional and aesthetic results, and psychologically benefit through lowered morbidity of the patient.
Antihypertensive treatment in patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Aščerić Mensura , Mulabegović Nedžad , Nuhbegović Sabina , Nadarević Alma , Mujčinagić-Vrabac Muamera
Published: May 2018

Arterial hypertension is a common finding in patients with end stage renal disease (80% patients are hypertensive). Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in haemodialysis. The present study was performed to asses' successful treatment in hypertensive chronic haemodialysis patients by ultra filtration only and ultra filtration combined with medics. We studied 80 hypertensive adult patients who had been on regular haemodialysis treatment for at least 12 months (average duration of 41 months). All subjects were divided in two different antihypertensive treatment groups including 40 subjects each. The first group of patients were treated with trandolapril and ultra filtration, and the second group of patients were only treated with ultra filtration (control group). Blood pressure measurements before and after HD sessions were performed for each patient. Blood pressure control was defined using World Health Organizationcriteria 140/90 mm Hg. Average systolic blood pressure levels, after haemodialysis, were in the first group of patients 146.33 +/- 9.7 mm Hg, and in the control group 157,86 +/- 10.33 mm Hg. Average diastolic blood pressure was 87.83 +/- 8.11 mm Hg in the first group of patients and, in the control group it was 91.03 +/- 10.67 mm Hg. There were significant differences between systolic blood pressure level in the first group of patients and the control group of patients as well as in diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). We conclude that an antihypertensive therapy by trandolapril is more effective than ultra filtration alone in hypertensive patients on chronic haemodialysis.
Bacterial aggregation in infected root canal
Authors: Lačević Amela , Bilalović Nurija , Kapić Aida
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate different microbial morphotypes in the root canal infection associated with chronic diffuse periapical lesion. In forty cases of asymptomatic teeth with radiographically diagnosed diffuse periapical lesion we took specimens of infected tissue from the root canals at the beginning of endodontic treatment. Fixation and four different staining methods of the specimens were obtained to provide microscope examination. All examined root canal specimens were heavily infected by bacteria. The most commonly identified were cocci 92 %, small mostly G+ diplococci and large G+cocci in clusters and grapelike groups, bacilli found in 67%, coccobacilli 37%, fungi 17%, and spirochetes in 5%.
Topical treatment of standardised burns with herbal remedies in model rats
Authors: Bečić Fahir , Mulabegović Nedžad , Mornjaković Zakira , Kapić Elvedina , Prašović Senad , Bečić Ervina , Kusturica Jasna
Published: May 2018

Experimental studies of burns require the use of different animal models. The aim of this work was to establish experimental model of thermal injuries and to evaluate the effects of topical agents on healing of the burn wounds. Forty female Wistar rats were randomly classified in 4 groups and isolated for 2 weeks before the onset of experiment. Animals were primarily anaesthetized with pentobarbital-sodium and then shaved (skin area of their back with diameters 5 cm x 5 cm). A round metal stamp with contact area of 5 cm2 and total weight of 100 g was heated up to 80°C and then applied without additional pressure on the depilated skin of the back for 14 seconds. This procedure produced a standardized burn wound. Induced burn wounds were immediately drowned in the 4°C-water for 3 s in order to maintain microcirculation. After the inducement of thermal injures, all rats were treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream, herbal topical preparations or were not treated at all. Burn wounds were treated twice a day until the healing completion. The result of treatment application was a significant reduction of burn wound diameters. Herbal topical preparations expressed positive therapeutic effects on the parameters of burn wounds. The efficiency of silver sulfadiazine cream in burn wound healing was significantly more expressed in comparison to healing process in control group of animals (p<0,001). We conclude that herbal topical preparations efficiently caused the completion of burn wound healing process without scar formation.
Posttraumatic seizures - prevention or not
Authors: Gavranović Muhamed , Konjhodžić Faruk , Zubčević Smail , Ćatibušić Feriha , Užičanin Sajra
Published: May 2018

Early posttraumatic epilepsies (EPTE) are epileptic attacks that appear in first seven days after brain injury, with incidence of 3-5%. Predictors for development of EPTE are: impressive skull fracture with rupture of dura, intracranial haemorrhage, neurogical deficit (brain contusion), and post-traumatic amnesia longer than 24 hours. It is more common in children than in adolescents and adults. It carries four times increased risk for development of late posttraumatic epilepsy. Aspects of pharmacological prophylaxis was often considered, but scientifically neglected, without clear standings regarding controversial data in literature. Patients with severe head injury, hospitalised at Neurosurgical Hospital and Pediatric Hospital, Clinical Centre University of Sarajevo, in period from 6th of April 1992 till 1st of July 1994, were included in study. Prophylaxis of EPTE was carried out with phenobarbital (2-3 mg/kg) or phenytoin (3 mg/kg) parenteraly. Decision was made upon clinical findings. CT scan was done in 13,5% patients, and in 31,9% patients serum concentrations of antiepileptic drugs were monitored. 310 patients aged 0-18 years (105 patients 0-10 years, and 205 patients 11-18 years) were investigated. Predictors of EPTE presented were posttraumatic amnesia longer than 24 hours in 90,6%, neurogical deficit in 86,45%, impressive skull fracture with rupture of dura in 81,3% and intracranial haemorrhage in 40,6%. Only two boys developed EPTE in first 24 hours after injury. This study has showed that use of antiepileptic drugs can decrease incidence of EPTE. However, problem remains, management of injured patients is still highly individualised, based on different experiences of doctors that treat patient, and without clear guidelines.
Updates in Flexor Tendon Repair at Zone II
Authors: Mujadžić Mirza , Pirela-Cruz Miguel , Kanlić Enes
Published: May 2018

This article reviews the history and current management concepts of flexor tendon lacerations. Classic and contemporary repair techniques are discussed. The most popular rehabilitation protocols are also reviewed.