bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on Relationship Between Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Some Freshwater Fish
Authors: A Djimasde , Khalil Ryad , Atalla Talaat , latif Hany , Tanekhy Mahmoud
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to, spotlight on, isolation and identification of the most common Bacterial and systemic Mycotic agent from cultured Oreochromis niloticus, study the incidence, prevalence and organs distributions of the isolated Bacteria and Fungi among the examined diseased fish, investigated the effect of different water quality parameters on the incidence such etiological agents and relationship studies between Bacterial and Mycotic diseases in examined fish. A total number of 100 diseased O. niloticus that, weighed 80 ±mg and 18 ± 0.2 cm in length were randomly collected from earthen ponds in Alexandria private cultured freshwater farms in January 2021. A bacteriological analysis of naturally 400 samples isolated from 100 infected fishes confirmed 400 positive samples and mycological analysis of 400 samples confirmed 214 positive samples. Morphologically, isolated bacteria were Gram –ve represented by Pseudomonas fluorescence, Schwenellea spp, Pseudomonas putediae, Pseudomonas aeruoginosa and Gram +ve bacteria represented by Streptococcus agalactia. Fungal isolates are represented by Aspergillus niger, Asp. flavus, Asp. fumigatus, Asp. parasiticus, Geotrichum spp., Candida spp. and Torulopsis spp. Combination between bacteria and fungi in fish ponds agreviates the morbidity and mortality rates.
PCR-RFLP Characterization and Antifungal Susceptibility of Isolated Yeast Species from Different Sources in Egypt
Authors: Elnahriry Shimaa , Hussien Heba , Hadad Ghada
Published: July 2022

Yeasts are thought to contribute significantly to microbiological contamination. In this study, the aim was to examine the occurrence of yeast from different sources (pasturized kareish cheese, chicken meat, wild birds and woman vulvaginal swabs) and assess the antifungal susceptibility of the isolated yeast strains. Two hundred random samples (50 of each) Pasteurized kariesh cheese samples were collected from retail shops, mouth swab of pigeon farmhouses which were complain of loss of appetite and white cheesy exudate inside mouth, fecal droppings of Doves collected from roof of Hospital, General Gardens at Menufia, governorate, Egypt and vaginal swabs from women suffering of vulvovaginitis around Menufia governorate, Egypt hospitals. All samples were collected at the period from January to May, 2020. The prevalence of yeast species were 20%, 22%, 21% and 9% in kareish cheese, pigeon, wild birds and woman vulvovaginal swabs, respectively. The isolated yeast species, mainly Candida albicans species, C. catenulata, C. lusitaniae, C. lipolytica, C.glabrata, C. kefyr, C. guilliermondii, , C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, C. peltata , C. norvegensis C. lambica , C. tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans and Rhodotorula rubra depending on their chlamydospore production on rice agar medium and confirmed by germ tube formation. Also we examined the genetic characteristics of the isolated strains by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) PCR and internal transcribed spacer (ITS). In terms of antifungal activity, fluconazole was effective against most isolates of C. albicans. The isolates of C. albicans and C. catenulate were all resistant to Amphotericin-B, whereas none of the isolates of yeasts were resistant to Nystatin.
Microbiological Evaluation of Some Fermented Milk Products Retailed for Sale at Local Markets
Authors: Bastami Ibrahim , Mousay Faraj , Abdullah Wael
Published: July 2022

The consumption of fermented milks by man dates from the beginning of civilization. Fermented milk products are dairy foods that have been fermented with lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Leuconostoc. One hundred random samples of some locally manufactured fermented dairy products including; plain yoghurt, stirred yoghurt, flavored yoghurt, homemade rayeb, and sterilized rayeb (20 of each) were collected from local markets to be examined for their microbiological fitness. The obtained results clarified that the mean value of Coliforms count was 4.10×102 ± 2.0×10, 1.72×102 ± 2.1×10 and 1.65×103 ± 2.69×102 6.10×102 ± 6.4×10 for plain yoghurt, flavored yoghurt and homemade rayeb, respectively. The mean value of S. aureus count was 2.0×10 ± 1.0×10, 6.4×10 ± 4.5×10, 7.23×102 ± 5.4×10 and 1.32×102 ± 2.1×10 stirred yoghurt, flavored yoghurt, homemade rayeb and sterilized rayeb, respectively. Moreover, yeast and molds counts were performed. It could be concluded that the majority of investigated fermented dairy products were contaminated, at different degrees, with Coliforms, S. aureus, yeasts and molds giving an indication of poor sanitary measures adopted during manufacturing, storage, handling, and distribution of these products. In addition, it was observed that homemade rayeb had lower quality than other fermented dairy products.
Effect of Adding Essential Oils and Organic Acids on Shelf Life of Chicken Sausage
Authors: Gerges Magdy , Asuoty Mohamed
Published: July 2022

One such common chicken meat product consumed and relished throughout the world is sausage. The present paper investigated the effect of basil essential oil and acetic acid when added separately or together in preserving raw chicken sausage during storage at 4°C and -18°C. Also, to determine the effects of basil essential oil and acetic acid on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium to produce safe and healthy chicken sausage. Beside evaluation of microbiological status, physico chemical tests relevant as chicken sausage quality indicators (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid), as well as sensory evaluation of the studied samples were performed. Refrigerated and freezing storage studies revealed that pH, TVN and TBA values of control were significantly higher than basil EO and acetic acid treated samples during storage period. Microbial count of basil EO and acetic acid incorporated chicken sausage samples were significantly lower than control and remained well below the permissible limit of fresh chicken meat products. The best effect was at all when adding basil oil 0.3% with acetic acid 2%, where the pH, TVN, TBA and APC values were the lowest on day 15 of storage at 4°C and day 21 of storage at -18°C.
The effective combination of basil EO with acetic acid could appear as an attractive alternative for chicken sausage industry resulted in improving microbial safety and extending the shelf-life during refrigeration (4°C) and freezing storage (-18°C). So, the previously mentioned EO and organic acid can be used for chicken sausage preservation as efficient, safe, and cost-effective preservatives.
Genetic Characterization of Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated from Smallholding Dairy Buffaloes, their Products, and Some Environmental Sources
Authors: Elafify Mahmoud , Badawy Basma , Ahmed Mohamed , Shata Radwa , Toukhy Marwa , Gwida Mayada
Published: July 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential existence of pathogenicEscherichia coli in smallholding dairy buffaloes, their products as well as in some environmental sources. In total, 150 samples including an equal sample size (n = 25) of raw milk, Kareish cheese, water, feed, udder and rectal swabs were examined. Phenotypic and genotypic procedures were used to characterize the bacterial population. Twenty-eight isolates were confirmed as E. coli from the examined samples (18.66%). The recovered isolates were categorized as Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (n=11),Enteropathogenic E. coli(n=9), Enterotoxigenic E. coli(n= 5)and Enteroinvasive E. coli (n=3). All isolates were resistant to erythromycin followed by oxacillin (89.28%), and nalidixic acid (67.85%), while 96% of the recovered strains displayed high sensitivity to imipenem. A great proportion of the recovered E. coli (67.9%) exhibited multidrug resistance. The majority of isolates (92.9%) harbored stx1either alone or in association with stx2 which present in 60.7% (17/28) while eaeA genes were detected in 50% among the recovered isolates in association with stx1 or combined with stx2 (n =11). Twelve isolates (42.86%) expressed all the examined beta lactamase encoding genes; while only 25% of the isolates harbored all tested beta lactamase genes in common with stx1, stx2 and eaeA genes.The results herein indicated that the pathogenicE. coli could be present in the examined samples which pose a relevant threat and negative impact on animal as well as consumer health. The study emphasizes the necessity of developing long-term strategies to assure dairy food safety.
Using some statistical analysis tests for the prediction of the most important factors affecting milk production
Authors: Marie Mohammed , Atallah Sanad , Tarabany Mahmoud , Mohamed Fatma
Published: July 2022

This study was carried-out for using the statistical analysis tests for prediction of the changes of the milk production due to changes of production resources and prediction of the most important resources of either productive or economic resources in that affecting milk production.
This study was carried out through a field survey in different regions of Egypt include (Menofia, Kaliobia, El Behira, and El Giza) province during the period extended from summer 2017 to winter 2020 on random samples of dairy production sectors. These sectors were Farmers, Private and Governmental. The dairy breeds included in this study were Balady (local breed), Holstein-Friesian (exotic breed), Cross-bred (Balady X Friesian).
This study concluded that, applying some parametric and non-parametric statistical methods in dairy farm data analysis this tests that includes , Parametric tests includes (Correlation tests and Regression tests), that must be applied for improving the productive, reproductive and economic efficiency in dairy enterprises in the target area through, suitable preventive measures should be taken to prevent the economic losses from diseases occurrences. Farmers should attend short courses to improve their skill in management, record keeping and estrous detection methods. Two possibilities for the producers to increase their net profit, either increasing the outputs by low level of available resources or reducing the cost of production especially the feed cost through the best combination from the available resources and Continuous improving of the veterinary management and periodical changes of medication, vaccination and disinfection programs to avoid the fertility problems and the microbial resistance.
PERFORMANCE OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum) AT DIFFERENT PHOSPHOROUS
LEVEL AND MULCH IN BAJURA, NEPAL
Authors: Chaudhary Bishal , Joshi Pankaj , Budhathoki Bibek , Giri Dipesh , Shrestha Saksham , Sharma Dipika
Published: July 2022

The nutrient is one of the vital factors that helps in the growth of crops. A field experiment was conducted to study the performance of potatoes at the different phosphorous levels and mulch from February to June 2021 in Dhamkane, Bajura district, Nepal. The experiment was arranged in two factorial RCBDs with 3 replications and 8 treatments. Bajura local variety was used. Four levels of phosphorous 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1 were used and for mulching, silver on black plastic mulch and no mulch (control) was used. It was observed that both mulching and phosphorous levels influenced the growth and yield of potatoes. Plant height (39.90 cm), number of leaves (439.98) was significantly highest in silver in black plastic mulch whereas haulm number was significantly highest in no mulch condition. In the same way, significantly highest plant height (44.36 cm), haulm number (4.15), and the number of leaves (442.10) were found on 100 kg ha-1 P level. The main effect of mulching and phosphorous level was found to increase the yield but no interaction was observed. The highest average tuber weight, yield per plant and number of tubers per plant were found on silver in black plastic mulch. Average tuber weight is highest at 150 kg ha-1 phosphorous level. The number of tuber per plant was highest for silver on black plastic mulch and 100 kg ha-1. Marketable and non-marketable tubers were significantly higher at silver on black plastic (8.55 & 3.1) and 100 kg ha-1(10.45 & 3.46). The overall performance was superior in silver on black plastic mulch and 100 kg ha-1 P level with significant B: C ratio.
Chronic dysphagia revealing an esophageal hemangioma: a case report
Authors: Boumlik Keltoum , Zakariaa Ilias , Hafoud Salwa , Sabiri Mouna , Lembarki Ghizlane , Lezar Samira , Essodegui Fatiha
Published: July 2022

Esophageal cavernous hemangioma is a rare benign tumor. It is often discovered by chance, as it is usually asymptomatic.
Its diagnosis is made by endoscopy, aided by imaging and requires histological confirmation. Its treatment of choice is surgical.
We report the observation of an 80-year-old woman who consulted for dysphagia and hematemesis, in whom the thoraco-abdomino-pelvic scanner revealed a large mass in the lower third of the thoracic and abdominal esophagus.
The interest of this case lies in the impressive character of the volume of the tumor and its telling scannographic semiology.
Influence of fruits and vegetable waste pre-treatment on black soldier fly larval growth
Authors: Humpy Bulla , Kumar Swetha , Mohideen Sahabudeen
Published: July 2022

Hermetia illuciens, commonly known as black soldier fly (BSF) can convert organic biomass into manure and insect biomass into protein and fat. Currently, in the waste management industry, BSF larvae are predominantly used to convert valorized organic substrates into fertilizer and to produce biogas. They are also alternatively used as viable protein substitutes for animal feed as well as human consumer products. The treatment of organic wastes before BSFL consumption indicated a positive stimulation in the biomass conversion rate, larval growth rate and overall larval performance parameters. The current study was designed to analyze the effect of the bio-stimulation-based pre-treatment strategy of the feed on performance parameters, such as larval weight, larval survival rate, substrate reduction by pre-treatment of biowaste for better growth, efficient performance, and good biomass composition in BSFL. In our study, we noticed significant up- and downregulation of several larval parameters by assessing substrate composition, larval growth parameters and substrate reduction rate. The bio-stimulated waste showed larval weight gain when compared to larvae grown in control feed. The heat pretreated waste was not suitable for larval growth as the parameters assessed were observed to be declined. Further investigations are needed to comprehend how BSFL reared on pretreated substrates enhances the nutritional composition of larvae.
Implant Failure and Changes Between Regenerative Procedure Group and Control Group: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Amiri Ali , Goshaderoo Aziz , Moradinejad Pantea , Vahed Mohammad , Qi Fan
Published: July 2022

Objective: In the esthetic area, immediate implant placement are a great opportunity in modern dentistry. Nevertheless, the outcome was impacted by numerous surgical and prosthetic components. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate immediate implant failure and changes between the regenerative procedure and control groups.
Methods: MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ISI, and Google scholar have been utilized as the electronic databases for performing a systematic literature review between 2010 to March 2021. The quality of the involved studies has been evaluated using the Cochrane tool and assessed by two reviewers. The current systematic review has been carried out with regard to the key consideration of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). The mean difference was used for changes in the crestal bone between baseline and follow-up. Risk ratio with the 95% confidence interval (CI) used for implant failure between test and control groups.
Results: 126 potentially relevant titles and abstracts were found during the electronic search. Finally, four publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria required for this systematic review. The Mean difference of changes in the crestal bone between test and control groups of immediate implant placement was 0.62mm (95% CI: 0.31mm, 0.94mm; P=0.00) and heterogeneity found (I2 = 80.43%; P =0.00).
Conclusions: The immediately placed implants with regenerative procedure versus the control group showed the better performance to the changes in the crestal bone.
Impact of Antibiotic Interactions with Essential Oils on Bacterial growth
Authors: Elmetwalli Alaa
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Many bacteria have evolved resistance to conventional antibiotics as a result of their widespread usage. This means that to treat an illness, new antibiotics must be created regularly. Increased Diseases have historically employed essential oils (EOs) to treat or cure infectious infections, despite antibiotic resistance. Many of these essential oils have been tested for antibacterial action in the laboratory, and a considerable number of EOs compounds have been found to suppress the development of bacterial spores.
Aim: This work is carried out to see if essential oils can have a therapeutic function on bacterial growth. Several bacterial samples were resistant to various antibiotics.
Materials and Methods: The specimens were collected and transferred under aseptic circumstances to the Microbiology Laboratory. A sterile loop was used to collect the clinical samples, which was then placed into a transportable media. The materials were gathered in an aseptic environment. The disc diffusion method was used to test antibiotic susceptibility with EOs.
Results: The bacteria E. coli, Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Klebsiella sp. were all found. When their antibacterial powers were tested against EOs, cinnamon and arugula oils were shown to be rich sources of essential oils with diverse antibacterial activities.
Conclusion: These essential oils appear to have structures and mechanisms of action that inhibit bacterial growth.
A study of biochemical inflammatory marker of TNF-alpha in hypothyroidism patients
Authors: Mahaseth Bijay , Mishra Arun , Mahaseth Dhiraj , Bera Chandana , Sharma Ashish
Published: July 2022

Background: Deranged thyroid function may be caused by autoimmune disorders like auto-immune thyroiditis. The medical staging of the disease shows an extensive display of symptoms like overt hypothyroidism. Various scientific studies had shown that auto-immune thyroiditis may be due to the interaction of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha – TNF-α). Current studies had shown that TNF-α plays a crucial role in the regulation of thyroid transcription factors.

Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to assess the comparative changes of inflammatory markers in diagnosed thyroid patients and control subjects.

Materials and Methods: The present study comprises 200 subjects of both sexes whom 00 are healthy controls and 100 are clinically confirmed cases of hypothyroidism, with an age group ranging from 25 to 70 years. Serum TNF-α and serum thyroid stimulating hormone were estimated by ELISA Method.

Results: The inflammatory marker (Serum TNF-α) was significantly (P > 0.05) raised in clinically diagnosed hypothyroid patients (4.09 ± 0.94) as compared to age and gender match healthy control subjects (3.06 ± 0.55).

Conclusion: Many types of researches had shown that the inflammatory markers in the main cause of derangement of thyroid function. The current cogitation proved that raised serum TNF-α is concerned with the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid destruction. It seems that TNF-α is highly significant in the case of Hypothyroidism.
A comparative study of auditory reaction between normal and hypothyroid patients before and after the treatment
Authors: N Rekha , S Gopikumar , S Deepa , M Puneeth
Published: July 2022

Background: One of the most common endocrine disease is hypothyroidism which is usually associated with mental retardation, lack of concentration, motor dysfunction, memory deficits, visual, and hearing impairment. These symptoms suggest the involvement of nervous system, where the processing efficiency and sensory motor association is affected, which can be assessed by reaction time.

Aims and Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the auditory reaction time in controls, newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients and in hypothyroid patients after attaining euthyroid status.

Materials and Methods: Auditory reaction time was recorded from 35 subjects from general population, who formed the control group and 35 newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients who were selected from OBG and Medicine department, RRMCH, Bangalore. These patients were followed up and reaction time recording was repeated after they attained euthyroid status.

Results: Statistically significant increase in ART values was observed in newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients compared to controls. The values were significantly reduced in hypothyroid patients after the treatment on attaining euthyroid status. There was no significant difference in both ART values between controls and hypothyroid patients after the treatment on attaining euthyroid status.

Conclusion: The present study showed a significantly prolonged auditory reaction time in hypothyroid patients which improved with treatment. We also demonstrated a positive correlation between ART and thyroid stimulating hormone levels. Hence, we conclude that auditory reaction time tests could be added to the routine thyroid dysfunction tests to know the early recognition of the neuronal involvement, prompt treatment, and assess prognosis of hypothyroid patients.
Maternal anemia in various trimesters of singleton pregnancies and its correlation with birth weight: An observational study
Authors: Das Dibakar , Das Rajesh , Singnarpi Evalyn , Dutta Susmita
Published: July 2022

Background: Anemia is a very important preventable nutritional disorder affecting pregnant ladies which may have some adverse effects on the neonatal survival and development. Birth weight was correlated with changes in maternal hemoglobin concentration in various trimesters as it is important for determining child survival and development.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between maternal hemoglobin levels in various trimesters and neonatal birth weight.

Materials and Methods: The study enrolled all pregnant women within age group 15–35 years who gave birth at Agartala Government Medical College and GBP Hospital from June 15, 2017 to August 15, 2017. Pregnant women were included into the study following delivery by simple random sampling into cases (Pregnant women who delivered low birth weight babies <2500 g) and control group (Pregnant women who delivered normal birth weight babies ≥2500 g). Antenatal data were collected from hospital case sheet and labor room register. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented as Mean + SD. P < 0.05 (P < 0.05) was considered statistically significant.

Results: Mean hemoglobin concentration was normal (˃11 g/dl) in all three trimesters among the controls but it is found to be <11 g/dl in second and third trimesters of the case group. The mean birth weight of the babies was 2.151(± 0.2386) kg in case group and 3.047(± 0.3666) kg in control group.

Conclusions: It was found that maternal hemoglobin concentration has a positive correlation (r > 0) with neonatal birth weight in all three trimesters in both cases and controls which is statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Prevalence of psychological stress among health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic – A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Kichloo Asra , Choudhary Shabnam , Sadiq Shamiya , Nisar Sabah
Published: July 2022

Background: Health care workers (HCWs) exposed to COVID-19 are at increased risk of developing mental health problems. This study aims to access the prevalence of psychological stress among HCWs during COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of psychological stress among HCWs during COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs working in a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of about 100 HCWs who participated in the study were randomly distributed prestructured questionnaire pertaining to sociodemographic parameters and variables related to psychological stress and their responses were graded accordingly.

Results: It was found that HCWs showed significant rise in psychological distress with moderate-to-severe elevated levels of anxiety (69%), depression (21%), and insomnia (41%). Nurses were significantly more likely to experience anxiety than other HCWs in our present study and the most of the participants were engaged in some form of stress reduction activities.

Conclusion: The high levels of psychological distress were reported in HCWs in hospital dealing with COVID-19 patients. Increase efforts are needed for promotion of mental health well-being of HCWs exposed to COVID-19.
A cross-sectional comparative study of some cardiovascular risk factors in premenopausal and postmenopausal apparently healthy women of Ranchi
Authors: Kumari Ritu , Vivek Kumar , Dhanvijay Anupkumar , Kumari Anita , Gathe Bhupendra
Published: July 2022

Background: Loss of estrogenic support may put postmenopausal women at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to examine premenopausal and postmenopausal woman to provide pertinent data on some of the cardiovascular risk factors and to know approximately the period which is under protection of estrogen and the period from which a woman is affected by changes in cardiovascular risk factors.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in RIMS Ranchi from February 2018 to August 2019. A total of 262 apparently healthy women in the age group of 35–60 years were assessed for cardiovascular risk factors. Parameters assessed in premenopausal and postmenopausal women were heart rate, blood pressure (Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, blood sugar level, and lipid profile of the subjects.

Results: Out of 262 participants, 132 were in the premenopausal group with mean age of 39.76 years and 130 were in the postmenopausal group with mean age of 50.8. Except BMI, all other cardiovascular risk parameters showed significant difference between premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Conclusion: We concluded that adverse changes in lipid profile and blood sugar along with significant increase in other cardiac risk factors in postmenopausal women as compared to premenopausal group of the study predisposed this group of women at increased risk of having cardiovascular disease in near future. Hence, preventive measures against cardiovascular disease risk should be started in premenopausal period only.
Effectiveness of checklist in objective structured practical examination as teaching tool for learning practical physiology
Authors: P Arun , Thomas Lizann
Published: July 2022

Background: Objective structured practical examination (OSPE) is becoming popular as an assessment tool among pre and paraclinical departments. Checklist being the important component of OSPE, which can set out skills, attitudes, strategies, and offers ways to systematically organize information that student needs to learn. Traditional demonstration (TD) with its own drawback makes us to look for newer teaching method of objective learning, which checklist of OSPE can serve. Hence, we intend to know whether the checklist of OSPE can be used as a tool for teaching practical physiology.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare effectiveness of using checklist of OSPE and TD in teaching practical physiology and to evaluate the perception of students and faculty regarding checklist of OSPE as teaching tool.

Materials and Methods: Sixty First MBBS students were sensitized to both checklist of OSPE and TD for six physiology practical sessions in two groups. Crossover was done between the groups for checklist of OSPE and TD. Marks obtained in OSPE were compared. Feedback was given to students about their performance after their OSPE assessment. Student’s and faculty’s perception on use of checklist of OSPE as teaching tool were obtained using questionnaires.

Results: The mean marks scored in OSPE were compared using unpaired t-test. The total mean scores following the sensitization with checklist of OSPE were 53.36 ± 4.78 and with TD were 47.01 ± 5.52 and P <0.001 and were highly significant. The students and faculty felt that checklist of OSPE pattern was more objective, helped to learn clinical skills and knowledge
better.

Conclusions: Checklist of OSPE is a better tool to teach practical and clinical skills in physiology as it is more reliable, objective, and also helps to self-assess different aspect of knowledge.
Task-based learning of personal drug concept using multi-attributive utility analysis: An evaluation of outcome
Authors: Panattil Prabitha , N Hari , Palappallil Dhanya
Published: July 2022

Background: P drugs are preferred or priority or personal choice drugs of the prescriber for a disease which should be prepared by the doctor.

Aims and Objectives: This study was done to describe the process of P drug selection done in the task-based learning (TBL) group.

Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study done in the Department of Pharmacology of a Government Medical College in Central Kerala for a period of 2 months (June 1, 2018, to July 31, 2018) after receiving clearance from the Institutional Review Board. Participants who performed task-based learning of P drug concept were assessed for the proper completion of various steps in P drug selection.

Results: All the participants could write the proper diagnosis and therapeutic objectives in the task sheet for case scenario related to absence seizure, angina, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, grand mal epilepsy, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. The weights assigned for efficacy, safety, cost, and suitability varied with each student, however, the most common weights were 0.4, 0.4, 0.1, and 0.1. The weights assigned amongst the eight clinical scenarios were found to differ with P < 0.001 for efficacy, safety, cost, and suitability on doing Kruskal–Wallis test. On doing one-way analysis of variance for group score F = 21.02 and drug score F = 20.91, both were found to differ significantly across the conditions with P < 0.001. The selected P drug was improperly prescribed across the clinical conditions except for that of bronchial asthma.

Conclusion: TBL using multi-attributive analysis for P drug selection ensured considering various factors during its selection process for P drug selection.
Body fat distribution and insulin resistance among Korean middle-aged women: a Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Lee Sae Mi , Ryu Ki-Jin , Son Serhim , Lee Yeon Ju , Park Hyuntae , Kim Tak
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate menopause-related changes in body fat distribution and their relationship with insulin resistance in middleaged Korean women.MethodsWe analyzed women aged 40-60 years using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2008 to 2011. Body fat was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).ResultsAmong 3,468 participants, menopausal women (n=1,489) had a higher body mass index (BMI) and higher trunk, arm, and head fat percentages than premenopausal women (n=1,979). However, no significant difference was found in the leg fat percentage according to menopausal status. Multivariable regression analysis for HOMA-IR showed that trunk fat percentage, BMI, and waist circumference positively correlated with insulin resistance and leg fat percentage negatively correlated after adjusting for several confounding factors, whereas menopausal status was not associated with HOMAIR.ConclusionMiddle-aged women not only have different body weights and BMI but also have different body fat distributions according to menopausal status. Each fat percentage change in the trunk and leg is differently associated with metabolic health, particularly insulin resistance. To evaluate the metabolic health of middle-aged women, BMI is generally noted; however, body fat distribution, which can be easily assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, should also be considered.
Ritodrine in external cephalic version: is it effective and safe?
Authors: Kim Sin Ae , Cha Eun-Hwan , Chun Kyoung-Chul , Kim Young Ah , Koh Jae-Whoan , Han Jung Yeol , Hwang Jong Hee
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe external cephalic version (ECV) has been shown to lower the likelihood of cesarean section requirements among pregnant women with breech presentations. In the current study, we investigated the effectiveness and safety of ritodrine as a tocolytic for ECV.MethodsA total of 407 pregnant women with breech presentations, who had no contraindications for ECV, were enrolled in this study. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the impact of ritodrine use on the safety and efficacy of ECV.ResultsThe overall success rate was 67.6%, and ritodrine use was associated with significantly higher odds of successful ECV after adjusting for confounders. Moreover, using ritodrine did not increase the risk of adverse effects, including temporary changes in fetal heart rate, need for elective or emergency cesarean section due to fetal distress during ECV, low Apgar scores, and perinatal mortality.ConclusionOur results suggest that using ritodrine as a tocolytic during ECV may increase the likelihood of ECV success and may not increase adverse perinatal outcomes.
Experiencia docente en la enseñanza de competencias online en el Grado en Publicidad
Authors: Fernández-Gómez Erika , López-Martínez Adela , Feijoo-Fernández Beatriz
Published: July 2022

Esta investigación recoge una experiencia docente puesta en marcha para la enseñanza de competencias del Grado en Publicidad online. El objetivo es demostrar cómo la creatividad o el trabajo en equipo, entre otras, se pueden asimilar en el aula virtual. El trabajo se completa con una entrevista realizada a los estudiantes matriculados en la asignatura Redacción Publicitaria, materia en la que se diseñó la práctica. Los resultados demuestran la buena acogida por parte del alumnado y cómo “The Copy Star” es una herramienta que les permite aprender haciendo. Por lo que la educación no presencial, con margen de crecimiento en España, permite la adquisición de competencias clave en el perfil profesional de la publicidad.
Diseño y validación de un cuestionario sobre uso de herramientas tecnológicas en innovación de asignaturas STEM
Authors: Ibáñez-López Francisco J. , Arteaga-Marín Myriam , Olivares-Carrillo Pilar , Sánchez-Rodríguez Aminael , Maurandi-López Antonio
Published: July 2022

El confinamiento sanitario puso de manifiesto la necesidad del uso de herramientas tecnológicas y metodologías activas como métodos innovadores en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Este trabajo pretende aportar un instrumento que permita evaluar el uso de estos medios como forma de innovación docente en la enseñanza de las asignaturas STEM. Se administró una escala tipo escala Likert a 566 profesores de bachillerato de centros educativos de Ecuador, con dos bloques sobre el uso de medios TIC y sobre uso de metodologías activas. Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a un análisis de fiabilidad y de consistencia interna, mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Los resultados ofrecen una solución satisfactoria para el modelo teórico planteado. Por lo tanto, esta escala ofrece la posibilidad de evaluar cómo es el uso de las herramientas TIC y las metodologías activas desde la perspectiva como fórmula innovadora en la enseñanza de estas asignaturas.
Autorregulación en e-learning con insignias y e-portfolios: investigación de diseño
Authors: Juan-Lázaro Olga , Area-Moreira Manuel
Published: July 2022

En el curso de formación de tutores en línea se observa como problemática que los estudiantes no siguen el ritmo del curso, resintiéndose el aprendizaje colaborativo y la eficacia de las tutorías. Se implementa una intervención didáctica siguiendo el enfoque «investigación basada en diseño», introduciendo elementos transformadores en un escenario real. En la elaboración del constructo teórico, se detecta que la organización del tiempo es una problemática frecuente relacionada con los índices de abandono, recomendándose fomentar la autorregulación y desarrollar planes orientados a la motivación y fidelización del compromiso del estudiante. Se opta por la gamificación y el e-portfolio, como pedagogías emergentes, creando dos insignias por módulo (“Contenido” y “A tiempo”), y un protocolo de autoasignación que sustenta la reflexión sobre el aprendizaje. En el análisis de resultados se observa que las insignias inciden en el reto de seguir el ritmo del curso, promoviendo la autorregulación y motivación. Juzgan muy positivamente la autoasignación favoreciendo la reflexión y fidelización. En el futuro conviene crear escenarios para valorar el peso de la reflexión en la autorregulación así como la influencia del ecosistema social del grupo.
Formación online para el profesorado de Educación Primaria: propuesta de acción tutorial
Authors: Carrizo-Márquez Rocío , Moya-Maya Asunción , Guzmán-Franco María D.
Published: July 2022

Presentamos un estudio que tiene como eje central la formación que tienen que llevar a cabo los funcionarios en prácticas del Cuerpo de Maestros en la Comunidad Autonóma Andaluza. De todas las tareas adjudicadas al proceso, nos centramos en la formación online que fue una actividad que se introdujo como novedad en la convocatoria del curso 2015-16. Nuestra muestra se centró en los participantes de Huelva y provincia que participaron en las dos últimas convocatorias correspondientes a los cursos académicos 2017-18 y 2019-20.
La investigación se llevó a cabo mediante un método descriptivo, y se han obtenido los datos a través de una encuesta inicial realizada a los participantes de dichas convocatorias. Los resultados evidencian que el cambio de modalidad está aportando beneficios en el profesorado, ya que pueden acceder a esta formación de manera más cómoda, fácil y accesible.
No me llames influencer. Nuevos artesanos digitales en educación
Authors: Marcelo-García Carlos , Yot-Domínguez Carmen , Marcelo-Martínez Paula , Murillo Paulino , Mayor-Ruiz Cristina
Published: July 2022

En este artículo planteamos indagar acerca de los perfiles y concepciones de influencers educativos españoles. Entrevistamos a 18 docentes de diferentes niveles educativos con una alta presencia y popularidad en Twitter. Encontramos, en primer lugar, una falta de identificación con el término influencer por banal, superficial y comercial. No se perciben como influencer por el hecho de haber conseguido ser muy seguidos y reconocidos en las redes sociales ya que la participación en ellas la entienden como contribución a una red de profesionales. Estos docentes desarrollan su identidad como nuevos artesanos digitales que fomentan una cultura de colaboración y que crean espacios de afinidad que permiten el aprendizaje informal. Crean comunidades artesanales, es decir, grupos de profesores que de forma colaborativa desarrollan soluciones, así como conocimiento, trabajando con sus propios medios y recursos. La motivación que les mueve es intrínseca, a través del reconocimiento y prestigio entre iguales.
Profesorado de enseñanza básica: características socioprofesionales, formación TIC y efectos en su práctica (Algarbe-Portugal)
Authors: Carrapiço Fernando , Pozuelos-Estrada Francisco J. , Rodríguez-Miranda Francisco P.
Published: July 2022

En las últimas décadas países como Portugal han realizado un esfuerzo económico importante para poder introducir las TIC en sus escuelas. El objetivo que nos proponemos con este trabajo es identificar las características socio-profesionales del profesorado del primer ciclo de enseñanza básica de la región del Algarbe (Portugal) y su relación con el tiempo de uso de las TIC en sus aulas, entre otros factores. La metodología utilizada es cuantitativa siendo el instrumento principal el cuestionario. La muestra quedó constituida por 156 docentes de la región. Entre los resultados encontramos que las docentes tienen una mayor frecuencia semanal de uso de las TIC que sus compañeros varones y que cuanta más formación se cursa más horas de implementación de las TIC en el aula se produce. Finalmente, concluimos con una serie de reflexiones sobre la formación y la integración de las TIC que pueden servir a prácticos, teóricos e instituciones.
Hacia la enseñanza en línea. Estudio mixto de una reestructuración metodológica en pandemia
Authors: González-Villa Ángela , Regueira Uxía , Gewerc Adriana
Published: July 2022

Este estudio analiza las potencialidades y limitaciones de la transformación metodológica implicada en el paso de una enseñanza mixta hacia su total digitalización en una universidad tradicionalmente presencial. Se contextualiza en la contingencia de la COVID-19, pero transciende este periodo para centrarse en la necesidad de transformación de la enseñanza universitaria. Se nutre del aprendizaje auténtico, situado y auto-corregulado. Adopta una WebQuest, una Red Social y diversos materiales que integran elementos de gamificación y contenido multimodal. El estudio lleva a cabo un diseño mixto con un cuestionario ad hoc y el análisis documental de las producciones del alumnado. Los resultados muestran alta motivación e implicación; significativo desarrollo conceptual; dificultades vinculadas a la temporalización; resistencias al cambio metodológico, baja autorregulación; dificultades para la gestión de la incertidumbre; y apuntan algunas pistas para una enseñanza en línea coetánea a las necesidades de una sociedad híbrida.
The Impact of Drug Burden Index on Unplanned Hospital Readmission and Length of Hospital Stay
Authors: Odeh Mohanad , Al-Taani Ghaith M , Doherty Leanne C , Scott Michael G , McElnay James
Published: July 2022

Background: The Drug Burden Index (DBI) is a pharmacotherapy risk assessment tool explored to evaluate its association with unplanned hospital-related outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the DBI association with unplanned hospital readmissions, develop a prediction model for unplanned readmissions. To investigate DBI association with length of hospital stay (LOS). Setting: Unplanned readmission data were collected for 1000 adult hospitalized patients at Antrim Area Hospital in Northern Ireland. Method: The study was designed as a retrospective analysis. Logistic regression models were developed to determine the prediction power. Discriminative ability testing was carried out using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Youden's index formula was used to detect the cut-off points. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to determine whether LOS differed based on the DBI score. Finally, negative binomial regression was used to predict LOS based on DBI. Results: Of the 1000 patient records, 43% were females, and a total of 885 (88.5%) were exposed to sedative and anticholinergic medications (DBI>0). Readmission rates at 7, 14, 30 and 90 days were 5.4%, 9.0%, 15.0% and 28.8% respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of readmission within seven days for patients with DBI>1 was 3.42 times higher than those who had their DBI=0 (OR= 3.42, 95% CI: 1.6–7.3; P= 0.001). The DBI category significantly predicts 7-day readmission (P=0.002), the area under the curve for the ROC curve was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.58 - 0.71; P<0.001). For 14-day readmissions, patients with a DBI >1, compared with DBI=0, had a reported higher Odds Ratio (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.1– 4.4; P= 0.025). However, the DBI category prediction power for 14-day readmission was not significant (P=0.069). DBI failed to show an association with 30- and 90-day readmissions. The adjusted estimated marginal difference for LOS of patients with DBI>1 vs. DBI=0 was 2.7 (95%CI: 0.89 – 4.5; P=0.003). Conclusion: DBI was a statistically significant tool to predict 7-days unplanned readmission. DBI was not a statistically significant predictor for readmission over longer periods. Higher DBI was associated with a longer LOS. Impact on Practice Statements: Readmission within seven days of a patient's discharge can be predicted by the DBI, and a longer hospital stay was also associated with higher DBI. Accordingly, the hospital teams can consider reporting DBI scores and performing tailored discharge plans for patients who are at risk for seven days of unplanned readmission.
Challenges of Community-Based Management of Protected Areas: Contested Trade-offs Between Livelihood and Conservation Interests in Chyulu Hills National Park, Kenya
Authors: Kiumbuku Samuel Kimani
Published: July 2022

This was a formative study whose main aim was to obtain useful information for designing co-management interventions of Chyulu Hills National Park (CHNP) and other protected ecosystems in Kenya. Among the specific objectives that we have covered in this article were to; (1) examine the competing livelihood interests of communities living within the catchment of CHNP. (2) to assess the challenges that undermined community support towards co-management of the ecosystem. The findings showed that communities were highly dependent on park resources for both direct and indirect livelihood services. This over-dependence on the resources by local communities made it difficult for management agencies to control access to the protected area leading to illegal encroachment. There were gaps that required urgent attention to to ensure suatainable management of CHNP. First, communities were not engaged effectively when mangement decisions were being made but only received information on decisions that have already been made elsewhere and were required to abide by them. Secondly, incidences of human-wildlife conflicts jeopardized cooperation between communities and wildlife management agency. Thirdly, in spite of the protected area being in their neighbourhoods, community members felt entitled to the ecosystem resources and therefore they perceived it unfair that the authories kept them off from the National park. In conclusion, there was no balanced tradeoff between the livelihood interests of local communities and conservation interests of the National Park. To promote collaboration between the communities and wildlife management agencies in management of the park there was an urgent need to address the livelihood interests of the local communities.