bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consideration of requirements for materials for different bioprinting methods
Authors: Kuliavets Viktoriia , Bespalova Olena
Published: November 2021

The object of research is the characteristics of the materials used in the bioprinting process. One of the biggest problems in the field of bioprinting is the materials used for printing organs, in particular, the lack of mechanical properties of these materials, such as strength, elasticity, ductility, wear resistance, and the like. They are essential to achieve the stabilization of printed structures. During the study, the requirements for materials used in the technology of three-dimensional bioprinting, including hydrogels, were discussed. Three main methods were considered (extrusion bioprinting, drip bioprinting, laser bioprinting), for each of which separate requirements for materials are put forward. Comparative assessment of these materials for different types of printing techniques are obtained. It is also determined that the extrusion printing technique is the most used for this direction of use, however, there remains the problem of the viability of living cells through the force of the bias stress, which occurs when the substance is squeezed out from the side of the nozzle walls. It is determined that the main requirements are the ability to gel, low surface tension, wettability and viscosity of the substance. Through understanding and structured information, it is possible to provide biological connections for better cellular interactions and improve the nutrient medium for the creation of physiologically relevant, functional tissues that can be engrafted by the human body after implantation. With such initial data, it is possible to develop new materials and improve existing ones that would meet all these requirements. By identifying the key problem, new ways of solving it can be developed. The above problems are some of the main reasons why researchers are still far from the bioprinting of clinically significant functional organs. Nonetheless, thanks to the new development, bioprinting will become a key technology for future tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and pharmaceuticals.
Development of a simulation model for a special purpose mobile radio network capable of self-organization
Authors: Sova Oleg , Shyshatskyi Andrii , Nalapko Oleksii , Trotsko Oleksandr , Protas Nadiia , Marchenko Halyna , Kuvenov Artem , Chumak Viktor , Onbinskyi Yaroslav , Poliak Illia
Published: November 2021

The object of research is the military radio communication system. Effective operation of routing protocols is possible only if there is reliable information about the network topology for each of the network nodes. Construction of special purpose radio networks with the possibility of self-organization is possible only in the presence of adequate and reliable models of their work in different applications and the impact nature. It necessitates the development of new and adequate algorithms (methods, techniques) for modeling routing algorithms in special purpose radio networks with the possibility of self-organization. This work solves the problem of developing a simulation model of a mobile radio network for special purposes with the possibility of self-organization.
In the course of the research, the authors used the main provisions of the queuing theory, the theory of automation, the theory of complex technical systems and general scientific methods of cognition, namely analysis and synthesis. This simulation model was developed to assess the effectiveness and adequacy of the developed scientific and methodological apparatus for routing management in special purpose radio networks with the possibility of self-organization.
The research results will be useful in:
‒ development of new routing algorithms;
‒ substantiation of recommendations for improving the efficiency of the route selection process in networks with the possibility of self-organization;
‒ analysis of the electronic situation during hostilities (operations);
‒ while creating promising technologies to increase the efficiency of mobile radio networks;
‒ assessment of adequacy, reliability, sensitivity of routing algorithms;
‒ development of new and improvement of existing simulation routing models.
Areas of further research will focus on the development of a methodology for the operational management of interference protection of intelligent military radio communication systems.
Modernization of electrical complex for producing thermal energy for an industrial enterprise
Authors: Chebotarova Yevheniia , Perekrest Andrii
Published: November 2021

The object of research is the electrical complex for the preparation of thermal energy at the enterprise. The electrotechnical complex is a heat supply unit that provides thermal energy to the building of the enterprise for the needs of heating, ventilation and hot water supply. One of the identified shortcomings of this facility is the overconsumption of energy resources for heating, caused by the lack of the ability to control consumption. Modernization of heat points and equipping them with automation means will provide quantitative and qualitative control of the heat carrier depending on the outside air temperature.
In the course of the study, the method of statistical data analysis was used to analyze the heat load of buildings for heating, ventilation and hot water supply, and the distribution of heat loads by the temperature of the indoor air. Also, an improved discounted method for evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects was used when calculating economic indicators and a method for calculating heat consumption for heating according to aggregated indicators when determining energy consumption for heating.
On the basis of the analysis of the heat load and a certain structure of its distribution according to the temperature of the internal air, it was found that more energy resources are consumed for heating. The largest consumer is defined as a building with an internal temperature Tin=16 °C. Calculations of the commercial attractiveness of the proposed technical solutions for buildings with an internal temperature Tin=18 °C have confirmed the feasibility of their implementation in terms of their payback, which does not exceed the period of 3.5 heated seasons.
Thanks to the modernization of heat points and the introduction of automated monitoring and regulation systems, optimal heat energy consumption will be ensured depending on the ambient temperature. Unlike other similar studies, the feasibility of introducing automated systems is determined by an improved discounted method, which allows not only to take into account the change in the value of money in the future, but also the required minimum percentage of thermal energy savings to break even projects.
Analysis of DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) thermograms of milk fat
Authors: Shamilova Maltam , Hajiyeva Sevinj
Published: November 2021

The object of current research is the oxidation and melting properties of milk fat samples in different heating rates. One of the most problematic issues is the evaluation dependence of temperature and oxidation time regarding to heat flow, and the estimation of attitude of enthalpy values to heating rates. In order to gain a comprehensive assessment of oxidation and melting properties of milk fat samples on differential scanning calorimeter in various heating rates, it is necessary to conduct experimental studies.
The analysis was performed using the dynamic option of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with the following sample heating rates: 2.5, 4, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15 °C⋅min–1. Analyses were performed on 14 samples of milk fat, thus, for each heating rate were intended to two milk fat samples.
As a result of the analysis, in the proper heating rates increased, it was found, that the oxidation properties of milk fat depend on the heating rates on DSC examination. In the thermal DSC analysis, the start temperature (Ts) (inlet), the onset temperature (Ton), and the maximum heat flow-peak temperatures (Tp) of oxidation were rising gradually. All the value of oxidation increased gradually with increasing heating rate, only in the Tend values were chainable among all heating rates. However, the oxidation time of milk fat is inversely proportional to the various heating rates in DSC. The oxidation enthalpy was calculated according to the heating rates too. The masses of the samples differ from each other, albeit slightly, which the individuality in the value of enthalpy could be explained through this ratio and duration of exothermic. The melting point considers the important indicator to explain the purity of samples. Melting curves of extracted milk fat samples on DSC were characterized by endothermic behavior and observed with the mild peaks, the first and the second distinct peaks due to the low-melting triacylglycerols (with high unsaturated fatty acids content) and high-melting fats, which present in milk fat.
In concluded results, the characteristics of DSC oxidation curves are melting point due to the chemical structure of the fatty acids which milk fat samples contain.
Removal of chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions
Authors: Obushenko Tetiana , Tolstopalova Nataliia , Chyrieva Mariia
Published: November 2021

The object of the research is the flotoextraction of chromium (VI) ions from model and real waste waters. Hexavalent chromium compounds pose a serious hazard to surface and ground waters and can have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on living organisms. The study of the process of flotoextraction as a method of purifying waste water from heavy metals using the example of chromium (VI) ions is an important task. The paper considers flotoextraction of chromium (VI) ions using a cationic surfactant – hexadecylpyridinium chloride and butyl alcohol as the organic phase. The dependences of the process efficiency on the presence of a cationic surfactant, the flotoextraction time, the type of organic extractant, the nature of the collector and the surfactant: Cr molar ratio, the initial concentration of pollutants, and the pH of the initial solution were obtained. Certain rational conditions for flotation allow removing 98–99.6 % of pollutants. The method was tested on real wastewater.
The importance of this study is emphasized by the fact that flotoextraction has a number of features and advantages. In particular, the possibility of multiple concentration of pollutant ions in small volumes of an organic solvent and the possibility of its further regeneration. In this case, a much smaller amount of an organic solvent is used and the process is not limited by the distribution constant (compared to the extraction method). Flotoextraction is also characterized by the absence of foam (compared to the flotation method) and the absence of large amounts of wet sludge (compared to the reagent method). The proposed method provides a sufficient level of chromium ions removal from wastewater, and can also be used in systems for local wastewater treatment with the subsequent return of water to the technological process. This will ensure a reduction in costs for the consumption of water resources, discharge of wastewater into water bodies, and also limit the ingress of harmful substances into the environment.
Nursing care for the Amazon population: knowledge production and human resource development
Authors: Souza Filho Zilmar Augusto de , Sá Antonia Margareth Moita , Cunha Linda Karolinne Rodrigues Almeida , Silva Tainan Fabrício da , Santos Rafaela Barros dos , Ramos Flávia Regina Souza , Prado Marta Lenise do
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze knowledge production adherence from a master’s course in nursing in the Amazon to care and health demands in the region, with an emphasis on neglected tropical diseases and traditional populations in the Amazon. Methods: a descriptive study, with a quantitative approach and documentary basis, analyzing dissertations defended in a Graduate Program in Nursing at the Universidade do Estado do Pará in association with the Universidade Federal do Amazonas, from 2012-2019. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: of the 105 dissertations analyzed, 30 (28.6%) were related to neglected tropical diseases. Of these, 11 (10.5%) dealt with Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, malaria, and leprosy. Traditional populations in the Amazon participated in only 11 (10.5%) studies. Conclusions: knowledge production in a master’s course has adherence to care and health demands in the region; however, it needs to enhance its production to strengthen its identity.
Religious/spiritual coping in informal caregivers of children with cleft lip and/or dysphagic palate
Authors: Farinha Francely Tineli , Bom Gesiane Cristina , Manso Maila Meryellen Ferreira Garcia , Prado Priscila Capelato , Matiole Claudia Regina , Trettene Armando dos Santos
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the use of religious/spiritual coping in informal caregivers of children with cleft lip and/or palate, dysphagic, powered exclusively by probe. Methods: descriptive and cross-sectional study, including 30 informal caregivers. For data collection, a Sociodemographic Questionnaire and the Brief Religious/Spiritual Coping Scale were used. For statistical analysis, ANOVA, Student’s t and Spearman’s correlation tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: the use of religious/spiritual coping was high among participants (mean=3.71), with a predominance of positive (mean=3.30) compared to negative (mean=1.88). It was evident that the greater the reported importance of religiosity/spirituality in the participants’ lives, the greater the positive coping (p=0.001). Conclusions: informal caregivers used positive religious/spiritual coping as a way of coping with care demands related to the child’s health condition. These findings point to the importance of including spirituality/religiosity as health indicators.
Morphometric measurements for sexual dimorphism in the Campolina horse breed
Authors: Krebs Lisia Castro , Santos Marina Monteiro de Moraes , Siqueira Maria Claudia , Araujo Brennda Paula Gonçalves de , Oliveira Leonardo Gomes , Feitosa Fabiany Sousa Costa , Camargo Gregório Miguel Ferreira de , Oliveira Chiara Albano de Araújo , Costa Raphael Bermal , Schultz Erica Beatriz , Godoi Fernanda Nascimento de
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The objective of this work was to distinguish the sexual dimorphism of horses of the Campolina breed, by morphometric measurements, and to classify them according to sex, using discriminating functions. Two-hundred and fifteen horses were measured, and 39 morphometric measurements were evaluated. The analysis of covariance and the discriminant analysis were performed. Males were taller and showed a wider chest, a greater scapular-humeral angle, and a larger neck, both in length and circumference. Females had a larger heart girth, wider hips, and a greater opening of the coxal-ground and femorotibial angles. Regarding classification, circumference measurements (85.58%) were more accurate in sexual differentiation than the linear (83.26%) and angular (73.02%) ones. As to classification error, of the total animals measured, 10 to 20% of the females were categorized as males. In addition, 11 to 38% of the males were categorized as females. It can be concluded that of the 39 morphometric measurements evaluated, 22 are responsible for sexual dimorphism in the Campolina horse breed. Circumference and linear measurements provide a more assertive classification to determine sexual dimorphism. Angular measurements show greater classification errors regarding the gender of the horses.
Increment in eucalyptus diameter as affected by seasonality and production system
Authors: Tonini Helio , Morales Marina Moura , Magalhaes Ciro Augusto de Souza , Silva Vanderley Porfirio da
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the current monthly increment in diameter of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla) trees in response to different production systems, climatic factors, and thinning. The trees were evaluated in four production systems: monoculture and crop-forestry, livestock-forestry, and crop-livestock-forestry integration. The increment in diameter of 80 trees was measured monthly from May 2015 to May 2019. The effect of the climatic variables was determined through correlation and multiple regression analyses. The increment in current monthly diameter is seasonal and highly dependent on accumulated rainfall. The adopted modeling allowed concluding that both water shortage and excess (30 and 475 mm per month, respectively) decreased tree growth in diameter. The trees in the integrated systems showed a higher growth in diameter than those under monoculture, and intercropping with crops resulted in a greater diameter growth than that with pasture. Thinning accelerates the growth of the remaining trees, with an effect of higher magnitude and longer duration in the integrated production systems.
Automated Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining with Leica AutoStainer XL v1
Authors: Osypuk Andrea
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE: To stain formalin fixed paraffin tissue for microscopic evaluation. Hematoxylin will stain the nuclei of the tissue blue/purple and Eosin will stain cytoplasmic elements a spectrum of brilliant pink. QUALITY CONTROL: Fixation: 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin Technique: Paraffin sections at 5 microns Control: PCRL PROCEDURE: Station #Time in StationExact Time?Solution Name185:00NoXylene175:00NoXylene165:00NoXylene150:20No100% Alcohol140:20No100% Alcohol130:20No95% Alcohol120:20No70% AlcoholWash 11:20NoWater83:30YesHematoxylinWash 20:30YesWaterWash 30:30YesWater90:10YesAcid AlcoholWash 40:30YesWater100:10YesAmmonia WaterWash 50:30YesWater112:00Yes95%70:20YesEosin60:30Yes95%50:30Yes100%40:30Yes100%30:30NoXylene21:00NoXylene11:00NoXylene RESULTS: Nuclei……………………………………………..……………Blue/Purple Cytoplasmic Elements………………………………….Shades of brilliant pink For digital storage and possible pathology review slides are scanned on the Leica Aperio slide scanner. The file output is .svs and can be viewed by downloading freely available software from Leica.
The effect of Benson relaxation technique on fatigue of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Alzaghmouri Abeer Hisham , Masa'deh Rami , Al Jaberi Mira , Masadeh Omayma , Al Smadi Ahmad , Alshawabkeh Ghadeer Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The previous studies showed that fatigue is a very common symptom in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) and has the greatest effect on their activities of daily living. Benson relaxation technique (BRT) is one of the most relaxation techniques used to decrease fatigue, improve emotional status and quality of life in patients with several chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BRT on fatigue level of patients diagnosed with MS in Jordan.Methods: This is a quasi-experimental repeated measure study. It involved six neurological clinics in the Ministry of Health and five neurological clinics at private hospitals. In this study, 95 patients returned the completed questionnaire and attended BRT.Results: The mean age of the patients was 33 years. Females accounted for 60% of the patients and almost half of the patients were single. All patients reported having a university degree and three-quarters of the patients were employed. Almost, two-thirds of the patients reported having not more than 1 time of relapse in the past 2 years. The majority of them reported <3 years from the confirmed diagnosis. Findings showed a statistical significant reduction in the overall level of fatigue including physical, cognitive, and psychosocial fatigue of patients with MS after BRT (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Results suggested that this technique is a very effective strategy for reducing fatigue in patients with MS. Therefore, in addition to prescribing medication, it is recommended that this method be applied in the care of patients diagnosed with MS.
Практические рекомендации по управлению иммуноопосредованными нежелательными явлениями
Authors: Проценко С. А. , Антимоник Н. Ю. , Баллюзек М. Ф. , Берштейн Л. М. , Жукова Н. В. , Новик А. В. , Носов Д. А. , Петенко Н. Н. , Семенова А. И. , Чубенко В. А. , Харкевич Г. Ю. , Юдин Д. И.
Published: November 2021

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Практические рекомендации по лечению и профилактике мукозитов
Authors: Семиглазова Т. Ю. , Беляк Н. П. , Владимирова Л. Ю. , Корниецкая А. Л. , Королева И. А. , Нечаева М. Н. , Раджабова З. А. , Телетаева Г. М. , Ткаченко Е. В.
Published: November 2021

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Traffic Signal Control Model on Isolated Intersection Using Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study on Algiers City, Algeria
Authors: Bouriachi Fares , Zatla Hicham , Tolbi Bilal , Becha Koceila , Ghermoul Allaeddine
Published: November 2021

Traffic jams and congestion in our cities are a major problem because of the huge increase in the number of cars on the road. To remedy this problem, several control methods are proposed to prevent or reduce traffic congestion based on traffic lights. There are few works using reinforcement learning technique for traffic light control and recent studies have shown promising results. However, existing works have not yet tested the methods on the real-world traffic data and they only focus on studying the rewards without interpreting the policies. In this paper, we proposed a reinforcement learning algorithm to address the traffic signal control problem in real multi-phases isolated intersection. A case study based on Algiers city is conducted the simulation results from the different scenarios show that our proposed scheme reduces the total travel time of the vehicles compared to those obtained with traffic-adaptive control.
A Review of EEG Signal Analysis for Diagnosis of Neurological Disorders using Machine Learning
Authors:   Computer Engineering Department, Sarvajanik College of Engineering and Technology, Dr. R.K. Desai Marg, Opp. Mission Hospital, Joshi Vandana , Nanavati Nirali ,   Computer Engineering Department, Sarvajanik College of Engineering and Technology, Dr. R.K. Desai Marg, Opp. Mission Hospital
Published: November 2021

Neurological disorders are diseases that affect the brain and the central autonomic nervous systems. These disorders take a huge toll on an individual's health and general well-being. After cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders are the main cause of death. These disorders include epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, cerebrovascular diseases including stroke, migraine, Parkinson’s disease and numerous other disorders. This manuscript presents a state-of-the-art consolidated review of research on the diagnosis of the three most common neurological disorders using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals with machine learning techniques. The disorders discussed in this manuscript are the more prevalent disorders like epilepsy, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Alzheimer’s disease. This manuscript helps in understanding the details about EEG signal processing for diagnosis and analysis of neurological disorders along with a discussion of the datasets, limitations, results and research scope of the various techniques.
Assessement of neonatal sepsis and associated factors among neonates admited neonatal intensive care unit in selected public hospitals in Somali Region, Ethiopia
Authors: NUR Abdikani , OSMAN Mohamed
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To assess neonatal sepsis and associated factors among neonates admitted neonatal intensive care unit in selected public hospitals in Somali region, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based cross sectional study design was conducted in selected public hospitals. Data was collected using structured questionnaire adopted from other literature, entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and then was exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Frequency was used for descriptive analysis. Bivariate analysis was used to determine the association between different risk factors and the outcome variable. Those variables which have significant association at 5% significance level and fulfilling the minimum requirement of 0.2 level of significance with neonatal sepsis was entered for further analysis to multivariate analysis, significance was taken at α = < 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of this study was 42.9% CI = (38.4-47.8) and associated factors was age of the neonate AOR = 0.085 (CI = 0.01, 0.73), Residence shown AOR = 2.567 (CI = 1.01, 6.5) Gestational age AOR = 1.869 (CI = 1.05, 3.31), Meconium stained Amniotic fluid AOR = 2.718 (CI = 1.89, 6.74), Antenatal care AOR = 8.933 (CI = 4.9, 15.9), and Mechanical ventilation after birth OR = 3.376 (CI = 1.65, 6.88). Conclusions: The present study found that the overall prevalence of neonatal sepsis in selected hospitals was 42.9%. The study identified, Age of the neonate, Residence, Gestational age, Meconium stained amniotic fluid. Antenatal care, Mechanical ventilation after birth. The findings underscore the importance of routine assessment and close monitoring of neonates. It is therefore recommended to have more skilled health personnel and advanced equipment while providing maternal and new-born health care services.
Project risk assessment of higher education online learning project during the Covid-19 crisis
Authors: Catyanadika Putra Endi , Isfianadewi Dessy Isfianadewi
Published: November 2021

This research aims to identify and assess the project risks of online teaching in Indonesian higher education institutions during the COVID-19 crisis. Two analyses have been conducted using the project risk management approach. First, a triangulation analysis based on interviews with 35 online teaching stakeholders was implemented in order to construct a risk breakdown structure to identify major registered risks. Second, a risk assessment calculating the severity score of each registered risk was conducted using an online survey with 125 online teaching participants. The results of these analyses concluded that there were 11 registered risks, with the highest risk exposure in the technological area. In terms of risk criticality, inadequate Internet connection and an inconducive learning environment were selected as the most critical risks with the highest severity scores. These results imply the importance of focussing on the technological risk mitigation and strategy policies to prepare for future online learning projects after the COVID-19 crisis in Indonesia.
Keywords: distance learning, online teaching, project risk management, risk breakdown, structure.
Using Whole Genome Sequencing to Investigate a Mock-Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Real-Time
Authors: Simões Alexandra Sofia , Touret Tiago , Faria Nuno Alexandre , Peres Ladeiro Susana , Costa João , Bispo Soraia , Serrano Mónica , Palos Carlos , Miragaia Maria , Bastos Leite Ricardo , Sá-Leão Raquel
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Healthcare associated infections due to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) are a major concern in Portuguese hospitals. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) can improve infection control, but this practice is not routinely used by hospital clinical laboratories in Portugal. We simulated the investigation of a CRKP outbreak based on WGS, with the aim of determining, in the minimum possible time, genetic relatedness between CRKP clinical and environmental isolates.Material and Methods: Ten CRKP clinical isolates routinely obtained in the hospital laboratory were used. Forty environmental samples - from sinks and sink drains of ward rooms - were collected. Environmental samples were plated on selective media and presumptive CRKP colonies were isolated. Total DNA was extracted from all putative CRKP isolates and sequenced. Clonal relatedness was determined by multi-locus sequence typing and core genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis; the presence of carbapenemase genes was evaluated.Results: Clinical isolates were characterized in 48 hours: eight strains were confirmed as CRKP, of which six were of ST13 and carried blaKPC-3. Environmental samples results were obtained in six days: eight CRKP were isolated from which five were of ST13 and carried blaKPC-3. Clinical and environmental ST13 isolates were highly related: ten (of 11) isolates differed from each other in < 0.001% of 2 172 367 core nucleotides.Discussion: WGS can be used as a high-resolution effective tool to investigate healthcare associated infections and track routes of dissemination in real-time.Conclusion: In Portugal, routine use of WGS to improve infection control could thrive through collaborative initiatives between hospitals and research institutes.
The Influence of the Use of Cooperative Learning Models, Individual and Learning Motivation in Improving Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: . Sumarwoto
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research to determine the effect of learning outcomes between cooperative and individual learning models applied to Class VII students in Civics subjects at SMP Negeri 1 Trenggalek, knowing the difference in learning outcomes between students who have high motivation, high learning and students who have low motivation in Class VII students in Civics subjects at SMP Negeri 1 Trenggalek and know the interaction between cooperative learning models, individual and learning motivation on the learning outcomes of Class VII students in Civics subjects at SMP Negeri 1 Trenggalek. The analysis used using data analysis used in this study is to use two-way analysis of variance techniques. The results of the study explain that there are differences in the learning outcomes of class VII students who are taught using the cooperative method compared to students who are taught using individual learning at SMP Negeri 1 Trenggalek. There are differences in the learning outcomes of class VII students who have high learning motivation compared to class VII students who have low motivation at SMP Negeri 1 Trenggalek. There is an interaction between the application of cooperative learning methods and class students' learning motivation on the learning outcomes of class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Trenggalek, where classes that apply cooperative learning methods to students who have high motivation have better learning outcomes.
An Interpolation-Based Polynomial Method of Estimating the Objective Function Value in Scheduling Problems of Minimizing the Maximum Lateness
Authors: Lazarev Alexander Alekseevich , Lemtyuzhnikova Darya Vladimirovna , Tyunyatkin Andrey Alexandrovich
Published: November 2021

An approach to estimating the objective function value of minimization maximum lateness problem is proposed. It is shown how to use transformed instances to define a new continuous objective function. After that, using this new objective function, the approach itself is formulated. We calculate the objective function value for some polynomially solvable transformed instances and use them as interpolation nodes to estimate the objective function of the initial instance. What is more, two new polynomial cases, that are easy to use in the approach, are proposed. In the end of the paper numeric experiments are described and their results are provided.
Mobile Colistin Resistance Genetic Determinants of Non-typhoid Salmonella enterica Isolates from Russia
Authors: Kuleshov K. V. , Pavlova A. S. , Shedko E. D. , Mikhaylova Y. V. , Margos G. , Hepner S. , Chebotar I. V. , Korneenko E. V. , Podkolzin A. T. , Akimkin V. G.
Published: November 2021

Polymyxin resistance, determined by mcr genes located on plasmid DNA, currently pose a high epidemiological threat. Non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) are one of the key pathogens causing diarrheal diseases. Here, we report the isolation and whole genome sequencing of multidrug colistin-resistant/susceptible isolates of non-typhoid Salmonella enterica serovars carries mcr genes. Non-typhoid strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were isolated during microbiological monitoring of the environment, food, and diarrheal disease patients between 2018 and 2020 in Russia (n=586). mcr-1 genes were detected using a previously developed qPCR assay and whole genome sequencing of mcr positive isolates was performed by both short-read (Illumina) and long-read (Oxford Nanopore) approaches. Three colistin-resistant isolates including two isolates of S. Enteritidis and one isolate of S. Bovismorbificans carried the mcr-1.1 gene located on IncX4 and IncI2 conjugative plasmids, respectively. The phenotypically colistin-susceptible isolate of S. Typhimurium carried a mcr-9 gene on plasmid IncHI2. In conclusion, we present the first three cases of mcr gene carrying NTS isolates detected in Russia with both outbreak and sporadic epidemiological background.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY FACTORS OF PLAY-GROUNDS USING THE RANK CORRELATION METHOD
Authors: Stadnik V.
Published: November 2021

The process of rapid development in modern cities has led to a significant number of playgrounds being located in confined areas, near roads with heavy vehicle traffic (including tram tracks), next to short-term parking spaces and refuse containers. Particular attention is paid to unauthorised parking which is caused by a lack of designated parking spaces. In addition, in residential areas of modern megacities there is a lot of infill development, which is an additional source of noise and dust. Thus, a significant number of playgrounds are located in areas with excessive anthropogenic load.

The materials presented in the article describe the current condition of playgrounds in most big cities of Ukraine. Particular importance is attached to the factors which are connected with vehicle traffic, for example noise pollution, air dustiness and pollutant emissions.

At the first stage, a list of factors affecting the environmental safety of children's playgrounds in urbanised areas was compiled and analysed.

The next stage involves the development of a questionnaire and the direct assessment of the influencing factors by the experts involved. The article considers the factors that are rarely considered in the study of the impact of individual anthropogenic factors of the environment on public health, however, in modern conditions they cannot be neglected.

The final stage consists of data processing and formation of conclusions. Using the method of rank correlation, the main factors of influence on the objects of research are identified.

The results of the research stated in the article can be used in further study of the subject and in the development of methods to eliminate the influence of the most significant factors affecting the ecological safety of children's playgrounds.
Contamination by Hazardous Elements in Low – Priced Children’s Plastic Toys Bought on the local Markets of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Gul Dur-e-Shahwar , Gul Anam , Tanoli Asad Khan , Ahmed Tehseen , Ahmed Mubashir
Published: November 2021

Children’s plastics toys maybe contain toxic metals to which infants and young children can be orally exposed and may pose acute or chronic adverse health effects. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the total metal concentrations (TMCs) of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Mn in children’s plastic Toys Bought in the local markets of Karachi, Pakistan, and compared TMCs to different regulatory limits. Total 44 children’s plastic toys sourced in the Karachi local markets had analyzed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer for heavy metals contaminations. These toy samples had divided into two groups; Plastic toys (DCT) and Plastic toys with paints or coatings (DPCT). For plastic toys, 83% (19) of samples had TMCs that exceeded European Union (EU) toy safety regulation limits for Pb, and 65% (15) of samples that exceeded for Cd. For plastic toys with paints or coating, 43% (9) of samples had TMCs that exceeded EU migration limits for Pb and 24% (5) for Cd. More than 20 samples exceeded the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (U.S. CPSC), Canadian, and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) toy safety regulation limits. In toys samples (n = 44) very high TMCs of Pb (64%), Cd (45%), Cr(5%), and Ni (2%) were observed. Zn, Cu, and Mn TMCs were also existing but below the Regulation limits. The Contamination levels of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni and smaller extent of Zn, Cu, and Mn still pose health issues in children and may cause serious problems in their health.
Liquid-Liquid Nanogenerator basing on Aqueous-Aqueous Interface
Authors: Jiang Long-Long , Lu Ye , Yu Yang , Wang Dehua , Hu Han , Liu Yang , Yu Jing , Zhang Jun , Ma Qingming , Wang Xiaoxiong
Published: November 2021

Solid nanogenerators often have a limited charge transfer due to the low contact area. Compared with solid-solid or solid-liquid nanogenerators, liquid-liquid nanogenerators can effectively increase the transferred charge. Limited by the fluidity of the liquid, the precise manipulation of the liquid morphology remains a challenge. In this work, using the surface tension of the droplet to fix the shape, we designed a new liquid-liquid triboelectric nanogenerator by using the immiscible aqueous-aqueous interface, achieving the contact surface charge transfer of 129 nC of a single droplet. This liquid-liquid nanogenerator has been proven to be applicable in humid environments, and the two-phase materials have good biocompatibility and can be used as a good carrier for drugs. Therefore, this nanogenerator is useful for future design of implantable devices and the design of a new type of bionic fully self-powered system has great potential. Meanwhile, such design established the foundation of aqueous electronics and more creation can be achieved by using this route.
Early Biomarkers Associated with P53 Signaling for Acute Radiation Injury
Authors: Li Weihong , Zhou Shixiang , Jia Meng , Li Xiaoxin , Li Lin , Wang Qi , Qi Zhenhua , Zhou Pingkun , Li Yaqiong , Wang Zhidong
Published: November 2021

Background: Rapid and accurate high-throughput estimation of radiation dose aims to help medical rescue in nuclear radiation accident. However, current methods of dose estimation are still lacking of speedy or accuracy. P53 signaling pathway plays an important role in DNA damage repair and cell apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation. The changes of radiation-induced P53 related genes in the early stage of ionizing radiation should compensate for the deficiency of lymphocyte decline and γ-H2AX analysis as novel biomarkers of radiation damage. Methods: Bioinformatic analysis was performed on previous data to find candidate genes from human peripheral blood irradiated in vitro. The radiation sensitivity and baseline levels of candidate genes were verified. The approximate threshold for guiding medical treatment was estimated for each gene, and four genes were combined to construct an effectively early dose estimation model of radiation.Results: Four p53-related genes, DDB2, AEN, TRIAP1 and TRAF4, were screened and verified their significant radiosensitivity. Their expressions were stable without gender or age difference in healthy population, but significantly up-regulated by radiation, with time specificity and dose dependence in 2h-24h after irradiation. Further studies showed these genes can be used as indicators for early medical treatment in acute radiation injury. The effective combination of the four genes could achieve a more accurate dose assessment and injury classification for large-scale wounded patients within 24 hours post exposure.Conclusions: This is the first time to investigate the potential biomarkers of ionizing radiation by systematic study. The effective combination of the four genes provides a new model for dose estimation and injury classification of a large number of exposed population in acute nuclear accidents, and also provides a new idea and method.
Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index as a Prognostic Marker of Late Recurrence in Operable Gastric Cancer: A Dual Center Study
Authors: Yekedüz Emre , Doğan İzzet , Kaya Dılşa Mızrak , Özgür İlker , Utkan Güngör , Vatansever Sezai , Demirci Salim , Akbulut Hakan , Ürün Yüksel
Published: November 2021

Aim
To evaluate the prognostic role of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients with operable gastric cancer.
Methods
We assessed 354 patients with operable gastric cancer from tertiary centers in Turkey. SII was calculated by following formula: [neutrophil (cellsx109/L) x platelet (cellsx109/L)] / lymphocyte (cellsx109/L). The best cut-off value for SII was determined by using “receiver operating characteristics (ROC)” analysis. We used log-rank and Cox-regression analysis for survival analyses.
Results
One hundred twenty patients were in the late recurrence group (recurrences have developed 36 months after the surgery). SII was not a prognostic factor in the early recurrence group. However, relapse-free survival (RFS) was longer in SII-low patients than SII-high patients in the late recurrence group. In multivariable analysis, SII was the only independent prognostic factor for RFS in the late recurrence group (Hazard Ratio (HR): 5.42, 95% CI:1.18-24.82, p=0.03).
Conclusion
SII was an independent prognostic factor for RFS in GC patients with late recurrence. Late recurrence risk was higher in SII-high patients than SII-low patients. Inflammation contributes to tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Prolonged exposure to chronic inflammation could explain the results of this study.
Randomized Controlled Trial: Neostigmine for Intra-abdominal Hypertension in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: He Wenhua , Chen Peng , Lei Yupeng , Xia Liang , Liu Pi , Zhu Yong , Zeng Hao , Wu Yao , Ke Huajing , Huang Xin , Cai Wenhao , Sun Xin , Huang Wei , Sutton Robert , Zhu Yin , Lu Nonghua
Published: November 2021

Background: Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) in acute pancreatitis (AP) is associated with deterioration in organ function. This trial aimed to assess the efficacy of neostigmine for IAH in patients with AP.Methods: In this single-centre, randomized trial, consenting patients with IAH within 2 weeks of AP onset received conventional treatment for 24 hours. Patients with sustained intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) ≥ 12 mmHg were randomized to receive intramuscular neostigmine (1 mg every 12 hours increased to every 8 hours or every 6 hours, depending on response) or continue conventional treatment for 7 days. The primary outcome was the change of IAP after randomization. Results: A total of 80 patients were recruited to neostigmine (n = 40) or conventional treatment (n = 40). There was no significant difference in baseline parameters. IAP levels were significantly lower in neostigmine group than conventional treatment group at 9 hour (13.8 ± 3.5 vs 15.0 ± 3.1, P = 0.038), 15 hour (13.3 ± 3.4 vs 14.7 ± 3.1, P = 0.015), and 168 hour (12.2 ± 2.7 vs 13.6 ± 3.5, P = 0.045) after randomisation. This effect was more pronounced in patients with baseline IAP ≥ 15 mmHg (all P ≤ 0.038). Stool volume was consistently higher in the neostigmine group during the 7-day period (all P < 0.05). Other secondary outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion: Neostigmine reduced IAP and promoted defecation in patients with AP and IAH. These results warrant a larger, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase III trial.Trial registration: Clinical Trial No: NCT02543658 (registered August /27, 2015). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02543658
HD 74438: A tight spectroscopic quadruple as possible progenitor of sub-Chandrasekhar Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Merle Thibault , Hamers Adrian , Eck Sophie Van , Jorissen Alain , Swaelmen Mathieu Van der , Pollard Karen , Pourbaix Dimitri , Smiljanic Rodolfo , Zwitter Tomaz , Traven Gregor , Gilmore Gerard , Randich Maria Sofia , Gonneau Anaïs , Houriane Anna , Sacco Germano , Worley C.
Published: November 2021

Stars often form in multiple systems and may follow a complex evolution involving mass transfer and collisions, leading to mergers that are possible progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe) [1, 2]. The progenitors of such explosions are still highly debated [3]. While binaries have received much attention so far, higher-order stellar systems show a wide variety of interactions especially in tight systems, like long-term gravitational effects playing a key role in triple (where they are called von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai , [4, 5], hereafter ZLK, oscillations) and quadruple systems. Here we report on the properties of the first spectroscopic quadruple (SB4) found within a star cluster: the 2+2 hierarchical system HD 74438 [6]. Its membership in the open cluster IC 2391 makes it the youngest (43 My) SB4 discovered so far. The eccentricity of the 6 y outer period is 0.46 and the two inner orbits, with periods of 20.5 d and 4.4 d, and eccentricities of 0.36 and 0.15, are not coplanar. Using an innovative combination of ground-based high resolution spectroscopy [7, 8, 9, 10] and Gaia/Hipparcos astrometry [11, 12, 13, 14], we show that this system is undergoing secular interaction that likely pumped the eccentricity of one of the inner orbit higher than expected for the spectral types of its components. We compute the future evolution of HD 74438 by considering gravitational dynamics, stellar evolution, and binary interactions [15], and show that this system is an excellent candidate progenitor of sub-Chandrasekhar Type Ia supernova through white dwarf (WD) mergers. This specific type of SNIa better accounts for the chemical evolution of iron-peak elements in the Galaxy [16].
Diagnosis of Significant Liver Fibrosis in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B By Using a Deep Learning-Based Data Integration Network
Authors: Liu Zhong , Wen Huiying , Zhu Ziqi , Li Qinyuan , Liu Li , Li Tianjiao , Xu Wencong , Hou Chao , Huang Bin , Li Zhiyan , Dong Changfeng , Chen Xin
Published: November 2021

Background and aims:
Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection remains a major global health burden and the non-invasive and accurate diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis (≥F2) in CHB patients is clinically very important. This study aimed to assess the potential of the joint use of ultrasound images of liver parenchyma, liver stiffness values, and patients’ clinical parameters in a deep learning model to improve the diagnosis of ≥F2 in CHB patients.
Methods
Of 527 CHB patients who underwent US examination, liver elastography and biopsy, 284 eligible patients were included. We developed a deep learning-based data integration network (DI-Net) to fuse the information of ultrasound images of liver parenchyma, liver stiffness values and patients’ clinical parameters for diagnosing ≥F2 in CHB patients. The performance of DI-Net was cross-validated in a main cohort (n =155) of the included patients and externally validated in an independent cohort (n = 129), with comparisons against single-source data-based models and other non-invasive methods in terms of the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC).
Results
DI-Net achieved an AUC of 0.943 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.893-0.973) in the cross-validation, and an AUC of 0.901 (95% CI: 0.834-0.945) in the external validation, which were significantly greater than those of the comparative methods (AUC ranges: 0.774-0.877 and 0.741-0.848 for cross- and external validations, respectively, Ps < 0.01).
Conclusion
The joint use of ultrasound images of liver parenchyma, liver stiffness values, and patients’ clinical parameters in a deep learning model could significantly improve the diagnosis of ≥F2 in CHB patients.
A thermodynamic origin for the Cohen-Kaplan-Nelson bound
Authors: Ramakrishna Satish
Published: November 2021

The Cohen-Kaplan-Nelson bound is imposed on the grounds of logical consistency (with classical General Relativity) upon local quantum field theories. This paper puts the bound into the context of a thermodynamic principle applicable to a field with a particular equation of state in an expanding universe. This is achieved without overtly appealing to either a decreasing density of states or a minimum coupling requirement, though they might still be consistent with the results described.