bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Numerales que atraviesan la barrera lingüística? Un estudio práctico de la traducción del 9 del chino al español por medio del Corpus CCEVAO
Authors: Mi Tian , Muñoz Cabrera Rodrigo
Published: December 2020

Una lengua es una manera por la que un pueblo en particular ve y describe el mundo y la vida. Resulta axiomático afirmar que las palabras y los modismos reflejan parte de la cultura, la historia y la tradición de una civilización. No obstante, los números (al menos, algunos de ellos) también acarrean una significación ajena a la propia de la cuantificación y reflejan y describen conceptos que los humanos no eran capaces de comprender o descifrar. Es por ello que se haya dotado a ciertos dígitos con un sentido adicional. Nuestro propósito ha sido el de analizar el número 9, de especial simbología en chino mandarín, y comprobar cómo los traductores han traspasado la barrera lingüística y vertido sus significados al castellano.
From Translation to Transcreation in the Tourism Industry: SMEs and the Arab Market
Authors: Saleh Hussein Hanan
Published: December 2020

This study aims to outline a translation analysis of the websites of Spanish hotel companies operating internationally, specifically in Arab countries, in order to detect the most appropriate translation strategies when it comes to translating cultural aspects from Spanish to Arabic and which may contribute to the successful expansion of SMEs. Another aim is to develop new requirements in the specialisation of software translation in the Spanish-Arabic combination, based on the business translation model and using a cultural approach that seeks increased marketing success for SMEs in the Spanish hotel market.
'Der Sommer kam und Berlin war der schönste Platz auf Erden...' Cultura e ideología en el doblaje español de 'Good bye, Lenin! '
Authors: Robles Sabater Ferran
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo analiza la traducción de los culturemas en el doblaje español de Good bye, Lenin!, un film de contenido histórico y político en el que estas unidades cumplen un importante papel en la recreación de sucesos y la evocación de ideas y valores que se vieron abruptamente desplazados durante el proceso de la reunificación alemana. Tras señalar algunas de las peculiaridades del discurso del régimen de la RDA, se clasifican los culturemas y se analizan las principales técnicas utilizadas para su traducción, así como el modo en que estas contribuyen a la estrategia traductora general del texto.
Aproximación a la autopercepción del traductor en formación frente al experto: estudio empírico sobre la revisión de un contrato de distribución comercial
Authors: Moreno-Pérez Leticia , Rodríguez-Muñoz María Luisa
Published: December 2020

En el presente trabajo se presenta un estudio empírico con el que se pretende determinar hasta qué punto los traductores en formación se sienten legitimados para cuestionar la capacidad del experto. Se planteó la revisión de cuatro traducciones al español de un contrato de distribución comercial en inglés realizadas por especialistas en Comercio a 18 alumnos españoles de Traducción Jurídico-Económica divididos en dos grupos: uno que conocía la experiencia del autor del texto y otro que la ignoraba. Los datos se clasificaron y analizaron cuantitativa y cualitativamente en función de la tipología de errores identificados, las estrategias de revisión empleadas para subsanarlos y las motivaciones que llevaron a los estudiantes a realizar mejoras. El análisis llevado a cabo confirma tendencias distintas en función del (des)conocimiento del perfil de experto del traductor.
Translating the Memory of the Holocaust: Thomas Geve’s Memoir
Authors: Miñano Mañero Laura
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the most significant challenges of translating the memory of the Holocaust, focusing on the difficulties of transferring a survivor’s testimonial account to a different linguistic and cultural system. Because the concentration camp experience is inherently multicultural, and survivors have chosen to pen their ordeal in several languages, translation epitomizes a discipline that intertwines directly with the construction of universal collective memory. Consequently, translating Holocaust memoirs poses challenging questions on hermeneutics and deontology. Throughout the following pages, I will critically analyze my own Spanish rendition of Thomas Geve’s memoir, Guns and Barbed Wire: A Child Survives the Holocaust (1987), so as to delve into the ethical commitments borne by a translator, and into the formal and stylistic complexities inherent to the translation of concentrationary literature.
Differences in Grand Slam competition statistics between professional and U-18 players according to the sex. [Diferencias en las estadísticas de competición de Grand Slam entre jugadores profesionales y Sub-18 según el género].
Authors: Fernández-Garcia Angel Iván , Gimenez-Egido Jose Maria , Torres-Luque Gema
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the differences in competition statistics between professional and under-18 (U-18) players by sex. A total of 546 official matches of Grand Slam were selected (268 male and 278 female). The data was obtained from the official website of the tournaments. Different variables related to match time, serve, return and winners-unforced errors were analysed. Descriptive analysis and a Mann-Whitney U test to analyse the differences between professional players and U-18 players were performed. Likewise, to estimate which variables obtained the greatest significant differences was conducted a discriminant analysis. ATP players played longer sets and matches, had a better serve performance and hitting more winners than U-18 male players. Junior male players increased their return effectivity and hit fewer unforced errors than ATP players (p< 0.001). WTA players hit less double faults, had a better percentage of first serve-in and hit more winners than U-18 female players. Junior female hit less unforced errors than WTA players (p< 0.001). Moreover, the key differences between professional and junior players both males and females were the number of winners and unforced errors per set. Further, the match time and aces hitting were key factors that differentiated ATP players from U-18 male players. These data would be help coaches to design junior’s trainings programs, improving their performance based on key professional stage factors.
Espiritualidad en el contexto de cuidados paliativos oncológicos dirigidos a personas mayores
Authors: Arenas-Massa Ángela , Nocetti-de la Barra Alejandra , Fraile-Ducviq Carmen Gloria
Published: December 2020

La última década ha estudiado la faceta “espiritualidad” en el contexto de cuidados paliativos oncológicos en personas mayores desde perspectivas cuantitativas, cualitativas y mixtas. El estudio busca develar –en este contexto– el significado de espiritualidad. Se revisa literatura indexada en buscador PubMed vía Medline entre los años 2009 y 2019, con acceso on line, a texto completo, en forma anónima, en idiomas inglés-español y, análogamente, con búsqueda manual en la Revista Medicina Paliativa. Los resultados arrojan 50 artículos de pertinencia temática y cuatro categorías. Se concluye que existen desafíos relacionados con el significado de espiritualidad y calidad de vida, formación y perspectivas de invetigación.
Objeción de conciencia: una aproximación bioética y jurídica
Authors: Prieto-Soler María Paula , Muñoz Doralba , Restrepo Olga Isabel
Published: December 2020

El desarrollo científico y médico, sumado a la realidad que vivimos en Colombia, demanda la formación de profesionales coherentes con los principios éticos y con conceptos teóricos claros sobre la normativa actual para trabajar por el respeto de la vida humana. La actualidad constitucional del país evidencia un reto para todo tipo de profesionales, no solo en el campo jurídico o de la salud, ya que se han puesto en pugna derechos fundamentales como la vida y la libertad de conciencia. Este artículo muestra la necesidad y la importancia de fomentar y acceder a la práctica de la objeción de conciencia como respuesta al panorama jurídico al que se enfrenta la protección de la vida en Colombia y que puede ser ejemplo para otros países en Latinoamérica.
Long-Term Outcome After Surgical Resection of a Spinal Choroid Plexus Tumor in a Dog
Authors: Saitoh Yuya , Aikawa Takeshi , Miyazaki Yuta , Nishimura Masaaki
Published: December 2020

A 6 yr old castrated male Clumber spaniel was referred for evaluation of acute paraplegia. MRI of the thoracolumbar spine demonstrated an intradural-extramedullary mass lesion at the level of T12 and extradural spinal cord compression at L1–L2. A hemilaminectomy was performed to achieve gross total resection of the mass lesion and removal of extruded disc material. A diagnosis of spinal choroid plexus tumor (CPT) and intervertebral disc extrusion was made. At 4 mo postoperatively, MRI demonstrated a mass lesion at the right lateral aperture of the fourth ventricle. Spinal drop metastasis from a primary intracranial CPT was suspected. The dog was ambulating independently and neurologically normal at that time. At 17 mo postoperatively, a third MRI was performed owing to decreased postural reactions in both hind limbs and vision loss in the right eye, and it demonstrated an increase in size of the intracranial mass lesion. These two additional MRI studies of the entire central nervous system showed no other metastatic lesions nor any evidence of local recurrence. At 25 mo postoperatively, the dog died at home. This is the first case report of surgical intervention and antemortem histopathological diagnosis of a spinal CPT in a dog.
The Effect of Board of Directors and Audit Committee Characteristics on Company Performance in Jordan
Authors: Albawwat Ala Hussein , Almansour Ammar , Al Zobi Mo’taz Kamel , Alrawashedh Nahed Habis
Published: December 2020

A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effects of audit committee and directorates on the performance characteristics of selected companies in Jordan. The approach of panel data was adopted between 2015 to 2019 (4 years), with listed samples of 140 non-financial industries under the ASE. These firms stand for about 60% of listed firms in Jordan. Considering the audit committee and directorates effects of board characteristics on company’s performance, a total number of seven (7) variables of directorates and that of auditing committee were identified: an independent board of director, meetings of the board, size of the board, structure of the leadership, size of auditing committee, independent auditing committee together with proficiency of audit committee. The performance characteristics of companies were evaluated by means of (ROA) measure of accounting based performance. It was indicated from the results that, the following variables (independent board of directors, expert in auditing committee positively had impact on the performance ability of the selected firms. It was also revealed that, independent auditing committee together with board size of smaller capacity could enhance the performance potential of the firms. In addition to this, No significant difference was revealed on the performance of firms in term of frequency of board meetings and structure of leadership. The present research however adds more contribution to the literature on how the nature of directorate board and auditing committee could affect performance of a company in Jordan and other developing nations. However, information of great important value could assist academicians, policy makers alongside with concern stakeholders.
Literature Review: Game Based Pedagogy in Accounting Education
Authors: Bhavani Ganga , Mehta Anupam , Dubey Suchi
Published: December 2020

The main purpose of this study is to provide the comprehensive literature review in the nexus of accounting games (manual and digital). Students’ expectation for learning concepts is rapidly changing and their concentration levels are decreasing drastically. Students are exposed to various levels of games and activities right from childhood and their expectation of games extended to the education as well. Now, it is the turn of educators to adopt the various concepts of teaching and learning in the mode of activities rather traditional method/s. The discipline of accounting is not an exception to this radical change. Accounting students wants to learn concepts with the help of games, activities either manual or digital. Some researchers developed and executed games in accounting education. Unfortunately, most of the games are not popular and predictable to the accounting educators. It may not be possible to an educator to invent a game for all the concepts all the time to present in the class. The current study explores all articles on Accounting games pedagogy (manual and digital) published in prominent A*, A and B category Accounting journals of ABDC (2019) list (53 Accounting Journals) during 15-year period i.e. from 2005-2019. Articles from these journals are categorized into five sections corresponding to traditional knowledge bases: (1) Curriculum and instruction (2) Instruction by content area (3) Educational Technology (4) Students (5) Faculty. We aim to support the Accounting educators to take a quick reference of our article to get an insight on available games before going to the class. We tried our best to present the details of games & activities as much deeper as possible for the ready reference but in case educators look for more information, they can always refer the original published paper.
Behavioural Determinants of Green Managerial Practices: A Study on Bangladeshi Bankers
Authors: Sultana Nafia , Islam Azharul , Nakib Mohammad
Published: December 2020

The study aims to determine the influential factors behind the choice of green actions by the banking employees of Bangladesh. Hypotheses and a research framework are developed with a view to explore the relationship of green managerial choice of bankers with perceived green knowledge, peer pressure, rewards and recognition and government regulations in ensuring environmental performance. A self-administered questionnaire was utilized for collecting primary data and exploratory factor analysis was tested to verify the variance of the considered variables and finally multiple-regression analysis was used to comprehend the relationship among the variables. A positive relationship was identified with peer pressure and rewards and recognition that may influence the employees to accept the overall green policies and practices. The study can help the business administrators to identify the dominating factors and work on these factors to motivate the employees to increase their environmental behaviour so that organizational environmental performance can be enhanced.
A method for the evaluation of the seismic capacity of existing reinforced concrete buildings in Japan
Authors: Aoyama Hiroyuki
Published: December 2020

A three-level procedure for seismic capacity evaluation of existing reinforced concrete buildings, developed in Japan, is reviewed. The paper describes basic principles and their background which formed the basis of the evaluation method. The outline of the three-level procedure is given and the applications of the procedure to buildings which experienced several recent destructive earthquakes in Japan, are reviewed. A seismic protection index, to determine the appropriate level of seismic capacity, is proposed. A hypothetical four-storey frame building in New Zealand is evaluated by the three-level procedure. Subsequently comments are offered with respect to problems that may arise if the Japanese procedures were to be applied to buildings in New Zealand.
Einbildungskraft als Orientierungskraft
Authors: Yeung Tak-Lap
Published: December 2020

Tak-Lap Yeung's work pursues an innovative perspective of interpretation that aims to reconstruct Heidegger's adaptation of Kant as a method of reinterpretation. The goal of this research is to strengthen a new reading of Kant while simultaneously developing an independent approach, inspired by Arendt, that allows the role of the imagination as an ontological and constitutive instance of existential orientation to be determined. In addition, Yeung shows in the appendix a comparison between Heidegger’s and Mou Zongsan’s interpretations of Kant. The transcultural background gives Yeung, who did research in Hong Kong and Berlin, the ability to bring non-German-language insights into the German philosophical discourse.
Biomonitoring Ecosystem: Modelling Relationship with Arthropods
Authors: Medhi Jinu , Dutta Jintu , Chandra Kalita Mohan
Published: December 2020

Arthropods community structure and composition provides multiscale information about an environment health. Their reproduction and growth model are effective to assess the impact on ecosystem in response to stress such as anthropogenic activities (climate change) or natural (drought). Terrestrial and aquatic insects are potential bio-indicators. Terrestrial insects are an excellent model to assess the quality of terrestrial ecosystem. These insect species are assayed to detect metallic pollution and forest abundance. Soil and litter arthropods are used for examining soil quality. Honey bee mortality rates and the residues such as heavy metals, fungicides and herbicides presence in honey are good indicator of environmental pollution. The specificity of food and habitat selection by wasp population make it suitable for assessing habitat quality. Similarly butterflies habitat itself signifies a healthy ecosystem because of their sensitivity to even slightest change. Different arthropods act as keystone species and these keystone interactions also reveal many facets of an ecosystem quality. Similarly fly population such as Drosophila subobscura and their shift in the genetic composition indicate the global climate warming. The arthropods are explored as screening platform to understand the ecosystem resilience to disturbances. These underscores arthropods potential for evaluation of environmental impact and global climate change.
Characterization of Atmospheric Mercury in the High-Altitude Background Station and Coastal Urban City in South Asia
Authors: Bharath Karuppasamy Manikanda , Seshachalam Srinivasalu , Natesan Usha , Ramasamy Karthik
Published: December 2020

This study is performed to evaluate the potential sources and seasonal variation of atmospheric mercury (Hg) emissions from regional sources and other influences in India. To achieve this, using the gold amalgam technique with an automated continuous mercury vapour analyzer (TekranTM 2537B). To assess the total gaseous mercury in high altitude mountain peak station at Kodaikanal & coastal/urban air in Chennai region, the impact of changing weather conditions is also evaluated. To compare the past and recent reports of mercury at different locations in the world. The average total gaseous mercury value in Chennai is 4.68 ng/m3, which is higher as compared to Kodaikanal, where it is 1.53 ng/m3. The association between TGM with meteorological parameters in ambient air such as temperature, relative humidity, rainfall intensity, the direction of wind and velocity of was studied. The TGM concentration in India are compared with other nations, the TGM levels are similar to the east and Southeast Asian countries, and also Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa and North America are the averages and maximum concentration generally smaller. This research will help to establish more effective management approaches to mitigate the impacts of atmospheric mercury on the rural and urban environment.
Smart Buildings: A Model Approach for Institutional Buildings
Authors: Avinash Chandra Kumar
Published: December 2020

Smart Buildings should be seen from a multi-industrial standpoint, involving the right combination of architecture, structure, information technology, automation, environment and energy, services and facility management such as to minimize life-cycle costs, maximize comfort and adapt properly to cultural stimuli. Intelligent architecture concerns with intelligent design to meet cultural and contextual requirements, with proper use of IT and smart technology, as well as with optimal building exploitation and cost-effective maintenance over its life-time. This might also include intelligent and responsive facades. Facility management looks for the best financial management for maintenance, rebuild and renovation, for the best space utilization, for the best daily operational services and for maximizing user satisfaction.
Bunny Racing (Children's Story)
Authors: Kurt Tyler W. ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: December 2020

Are rules written, or cultural? If you are taking the same rule-breaking advantages that everyone else is taking, thus making you equal to everyone else, are you actually cheating? In this work of philosophical short story fiction written for children, the story revolves around two rabbits. The rabbits enter the annual rabbit race as they believe they are the fastest rabbits in the world. They lose the race, only to find out after the race that the winning rabbits are using forbidden, performance enhancing, carrots. The following year one of the two rabbits decides to use the performance enhancing carrots, while his friend refuses. The enhanced rabbit wins the race year after year, becomes famous, and uses his rabbit celebrity to help worthy causes. The non-enhanced friend continues to race, but is never able to win. Finally, out of pride and frustration, he turns on his friend and the entire field of competitors for being in violation of the race rules. This story, like all After Dinner Conversation stories, has suggested discussion questions at the end.
A Case of Global Damnation
Authors: Dowell Jennifer ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

This paper will explain and implement Logic-Based Therapy’s six-step philosophical practice to address and overcome the fallacy of Global Damnation. The premises and conclusions in the faulty thinking will be constructed, identified, and refuted, the guiding virtue will be identified, and philosophical antidotes will be constructed and applied.
The Epistemology of Logic-Based Therapy
Authors: Cohen Elliot D. ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

This article describes some core elements of Logic-Based Therapy and Consultation and examines some of their epistemic properties.
The American Media Experience
Authors: Hollis Daniel W. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

This essay surveys the history of American media from the colonial era to the present. It focuses on the First Amendment protections of press freedom, the nature and consequences of media bias, and the modern tendency at media consolidation via corporate mergers reducing the number and variety of media voices. Actually, these three elements are intertwined rather than independent. The government tried, without lasting effect, to regulate media through Sedition Acts, libel suits, prior restraint, the Fairness Doctrine, and net neutrality. For most of America’s history, media bias was presented up front by publishers so readers knew exactly what to expect. However, over the past quarter century, mainline national media have become increasingly ideological so that objectivity or the pursuit of truth may be seriously questioned. Media mergers have been about profits yet they effectively concentrate control of news outlets in fewer and fewer hands.
Democracy on Trial
Authors: Meagher Michael E. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

A remarkable political figure, John F. Kennedy contributed also to political theory focusing on community, sacrifice, and effective national leadership. Coming of age in the build-up to World War II, Kennedy’s early views were framed by the inability of Western democracies to meet totalitarian challenges. As his political career developed, JFK maintained a stance favorable to strong national leadership as a way of overcoming the individualism and self-centered aspects of modern life. A keen believer in service, community, and sacrifice, his famous “Ask not” moment of his 1961 Inaugural Address was informed by a concern with renewing American democracy. With a weakening of the social contract and increased political dysfunctionality in the twenty-first century, the political thought of the thirty-fifth president still speaks to us with its emphasis on courage, leadership, civil society, and the quest for national unity.
Isaac Asimov’s Rules for Humans
Authors: Sutherland Corine S. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

With the varied learning formats found in education, one constant that has remained is keeping the students on an honest path regarding how they obtain their degrees. This essay probes how students have developed creative cheating styles to coincide with the advancement in technology. The core of the issue is student integrity, and one way to address it is on the very ground of the problem. Along with the creativity of technology and the ability to cheat, Isaac Asimov’s “Rules for Robots” may be rewritten as rules for humans. How machines are programmed is the equivalent of how students are educated, that instead of pursuing a grade unfairly through technology, students may be taught the positive points of the rules that Asimov developed, the outcome being not to use technology for selfish ends. Rather, the desired outcome is to educate students to value technology as the aid that it is for a properly earned grade.
The Paradox of Kurt Gödel: A Response
Authors: Hollis Daniel W. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

Miloš Dokulil’s dissection of Kurt Godel’s religious worldview generates questions among his conclusions. In part, the reader’s understanding is challenged by the turgid translation from the Czech language. Yet, the meaning still can be extricated. Because Gödel’s ontological argument for God’s existence was not published in his lifetime, there is doubt that he was satisfied by its method. Truly, since virtually all of Gödel’s writings on philosophy were unpublished, his rational Platonism leaves considerable room for speculation concerning his metaphysical system. Hence, Dokulil seeks alternative explanations for what seems to have been Gödel’s real faith in God. Framed by semantic-philosophical musings, Dokulil concludes that it was the influence of Gödel’s childhood exposure to the Bible mainly through his mother. Indeed, it seems at times that Dokulil is examining his own belief in God as well as Godel’s. In the event, there are several aspects of Göddel’s life and work which elucidate his religious belief through his pursuit of mathematical reasoning in a more intellectually engaging way than simply the maternal influence that is often most profound and Godly. These include his philosophy of Platonism, great contributions to metamathematics, and the relation of intellect and will.
The Challenge of Distance Learning
Authors: Meagher Michael E. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

This essay explores the sudden shift from residential higher education to remote learning in the United States, a consequence of the novel coronavirus. It is a personal account of experiences as a professor at a Midwestern university. Many instructors had no training in online teaching. For university faculty, Covid-19 meant having to transform courses from in-person instruction to a remote platform practically overnight. Among the student comments I received were that I managed the online transition well. Over the next academic year, 2020-21, universities face challenges in resuming on-campus teaching, and the possibility that a new outbreak of the virus might bring a repeat of the Spring 2020 semester. Although that possibility sounds dire, there is hope that the shift to remote learning may offer a silver lining in the form of expanding course offerings beyond geographic areas and reaching a wider audience. For liberal arts institutions that are struggling financially, a rise in the use of remote learning and online education may offer a new beginning, and for public universities, potential new revenue given declining state support, a silver lining.
Merit, Academic Freedom, Scholarship and Culture
Authors: Seaver George A. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

Affirmative action and the decline of merit-based admissions was the beginning of the decline at Harvard University, as it was at most universities. This essay seeks to determine what has happened to the rest of academic first principles as a result, to academic freedom, scholarship, and student/faculty culture. To determine this progression requires decades of observation. The results of this investigation between 1969 and 2019 is that all of these university functions, in succession, were severely compromised, and that the token Asian student lawsuit that was heard against Harvard in 2018 has had no effect on this progressive decline. Recovery may have to come from outside the university. A beginning solution would come from a definitive ruling from the U. S. Supreme Court on the appeal of the Asian student lawsuit. Other areas that the present Harvard system of “social justice” are vulnerable to are the growing financial dependence on global executive education, the increasingly contradictory professorial and departmental policies regarding academic freedom, and, ultimately, the selection of other educational forms produced by “diversity."
Augustine’s Confessions
Authors: Heath Eugene ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2020

Augustine’s Confessions would seem an unlikely work to feature in an introductory philosophy course: it appears to offer too much religion, too little philosophy. In fact, this work presents a series of reflections in which varied and interesting philosophical questions arise in the course of ordinary life. After defining the introductory course for which this work might be suitable, I explore its philosophical themes and extend a few suggestions for its use in the classroom. In closing I forward several reasons why an instructor should consider including the book in an introduction to philosophy.
Cultural heritage criminality: Case analyses
Authors: Stanković Vladan , Milošević Milan
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is to present crime related to cultural heritage in the world, and to determine through theoretical analysis whether it is increasing or decreasing. Reading the literature, it was concluded that crime in the field of cultural heritage is growing, and that it is most common in economically and socially underdeveloped countries. The countries of South America and the Middle East are at the top in this type of crime. The Western world is the ultimate destination for antique smuggling.
A Comparative Analysis of the Regional Consciousness of Students Living in Russian–EU and Russian–China Border Regions (actual problems of cognition of socio-cultural space
Authors: Simonyan Renald
Published: December 2020

This paper considers the growing role of regions in the current stage of globalization and demonstrates the need to move away from the economic aspects of regional studies that dominate the discipline today to the socio-psychological aspects – to perceptions, attitudes, value preferences, orientations and dispositions that characterize the mass consciousness which underlies the activities of people to further the socioeconomic development of regions. The author analyses the sociological phenomenon of ‘regional consciousness’ and why we should study it and, within the framework of a new area of regional science – cross-border regional studies, presents the findings of the first comparative study covering the features of regional consciousness. Russian graduates from leading universities in the eastern and western border regions of the Russian Federation were chosen as the subjects for this research, as they represent the most active and high-potential population group in the country.
Development of Regional Differentiation of Population Income in Relation to Middle Class Growth in Lithuania
Authors: Okunevičiūtė Neverauskienė Laima , Pocius Arūnas
Published: December 2020

The study aims to evaluate population income differentiation in the regions of Lithuania. The important question is about the development opportunities of the middle class regarding regional differences. The assessment of territorial differentiation of income is based on the indicators of disposable labour income and wages. Formally, the priority must be given to the disposable income indicator, hence the assessment of wage differentiation and comparison of these two indicators using a comparative analysis method enable a better understanding of the social meaning behind the observed differences because business income influences regional disparities of income per capita. The study evaluates changes in the regional differences of wages and general structural disparities of wages in the country with the development possibilities of middle class formation. The research includes a local and geographical variation of disposable labour income and a comparison of relational indicators representing population well-being by regions.
Green Glauconitic Marl Bed As A Sequence Stratigraphical Key For Interpretation Of Contact Between Qamchuqa And Bekhme Formations In Bekhal Area, Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq
Authors:   Department of Petroleum Geosciences, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Nourmohamadi Mohammad Sadi , Abdula Rzger A. ,   Department of Petroleum Geosciences, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Albeyati Fawzi ,   Technical Collage of Kirkuk, North Technical College University, Kirkuk, Iraq, Sharezwri Arkan O. ,   Department of Petroleum Geosciences, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Perot Edres M. ,   Department of Petroleum Geosciences, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Jassim Shamsadin E. ,   Department of Petroleum Geosciences, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Othman Nechirvan H. ,   Department of Petroleum Geosciences, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Published: December 2020

This study incorporates a study of stratigraphy and sedimentology of the green glauconitic marl bed between Qamchuqa and Bekhme Formations in selected section of the Iraqi Kurdistan region. The studied area is located in Gali Garukaju near Rwanduz in Erbil Governorate, northeastern Iraq. Instead of Basal Conglomerate bed, the thin beds of green glauconitic marl occurs along the contact between Qamchuqa and Bekhme Formations in the studied section. Six samples were collected from this section, two samples for XRD and four samples for petrography analysis. Samples for XRD and petrographic analysis were taken from green glauconitic marl beds at the contact between two formations and from upper contact of Qamchuqa Formation and lower contact of Bekhme Formation. XRD analysis data proved the presence of glauconite in green marl bed. General petrographic observations of other remaining four samples in thin sections reveal that the upper contact of Qamchuqa Formation and lower contact of Bekhme Formation are dolomite and dolomitic limestone. The dolomite bed represents type 1 or type 2 depending on the thickness and extension of dolomite bed. Color, morphology, maturity and abundance of glauconite grain were the dominant factors used in the determination of the surface between the two formations. The result emphasizes that the surface was not a gradational surface consisting of low stand and condensed system tract (LST/CS). Two factors, color and morphology, of glauconite grains were analyzed by binocular microscope under reflected light. The morphology of most glauconite grains in this section is ovoidal and tabular with green to dark green in color. Based on these two factors the glauconite grains were within stages 3 and 4 of McCracken et al. (1996) classification and can be interpreted as evolved and high evolved in view of maturity. The presence, increase in concentration and mature grains of glauconite (evolved and high evolved) in marl beds at lower part of Bekhme Formation indicate transgressive or maximum flooding surfaces.
Palaeoenvironmental Interpretation Of Late Miocene Outcrops (Miri And Seria Formations) Along Jalan Tutong In Brunei Darussalam
Authors:   Faculty of Science/ Geology, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam, Roslim Amajida , Briguglio Antonino ,   DI.S.T.A.V. Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, I - 16132 Genova, Italy, Kocsis László ,   Faculty of Science/ Geology, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam, Abd. Rahman Firdaus ,   Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Geosciences & Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia, Bahrein Izaz Fahad ,   Faculty of Science/ Geology, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam, Goeting Sulia ,   DI.S.T.A.V. Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, I - 16132 Genova, Italy, Razak Hazirah ,   Faculty of Science/ Geology, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
Published: December 2020

Eleven Neogene outcrops (seven of the Miri Formation and four of the Seria Formation) from Brunei Darussalam are described. Detailed stratigraphic columns are presented with special emphasis on the sedimentary sequences, providing insights into the depositional environments. The rocks are comprised mostly of sandstone, claystone and a mix of both lithologies, and are piled up in cycles of coarsening upward successions, which are here interpreted as parasequences. Most sections are characterized by abundant and diverse sedimentary structures, reworked fossiliferous deposits and organic fragments such as ambers and wood remains. Certain beds are rich in fossils: among the macrofossils, the most common are bivalves, gastropods and followed by fish remains (teeth and otholiths), crustaceans, corals and echninoderms, which are abundant at specific locations. Among the microfossils, the most common are foraminifera, which are mostly dominated by either rotaliids or textulariids; the most common genera are Ammonia, Elphidium and Trochammina. Porcelaneous and planktonic foraminifera are rare. Ostracods are also found. Ichnofossils are quite abundant in all sections but are represented mostly by Ophiomorpha and Thalassinoides. In view of the observations, the sections are interpreted as evidence of shallow-marine conditions, in which wave, fluvial and tidal actions strongly influenced the depositional environment. In a few cases, deposition of sediment seems to reflect the transition from wave-dominated to tide-dominated conditions. Our findings indicate that in such shallow marine deposits, the interpretation of sediment type and sedimentary structures alone cannot indicate one specific sedimentary environment, but such observations should include palaeontological evidence to generate more accurate palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Lastly, our results are discussed in relation to the sedimentary evolution of the region.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NEW-TYPE Cs+ ION-IMPLANTED Mg PHOTOCATHODE
Authors: TANG YU-XING  , ZHAO  KUN  , HAO JIAN-KUI  , WANG LI-FANG  , QUAN SHENG-WEN  , YANG XI  , ZHANG YU-CHI  , ZHANG BAO-CHENG  , ZHAO KUI  ,   北京大学重离子所超导腔组，北京  100871
Published: December 2020

The development of a new-type photocathode for laser-driven high-brightness e-beam injector was reported.By the use of Cs+ ion implantation,a Mg-Cs alloy photocathode on Mg substrate was made.Some parameters of the ion implantation,the sputtering process,the photoemission and its mechanism were studied.Compared with the pure Mg photocathode,an order of magnitude improvement in the quantum efficiency from this photocathode has been obtained,meanwhile,we have also obtained a single-photon electron emission under the driving of 532nm green laser,the latter is a new development for the first time so far as we know in the world.Our experimental results provided a new way for the technology of high current,ultra short pulse e-beam.
THE QUANTUM THERMAL EFFECT OF THE CHARGED, AXIALLY SYMMETRIC NONSTATIONARY BLACH HOLE
Authors: LU MAO-WANG  ,   零陵师范专科学校物理系，湖南  425006
Published: December 2020

The Hawking radiation for a charged axially symmetric nonstationary black hole is studied. We obtain the event horizon equation and the Hawking thermal spectrum formula. Both the shape and the temperature of the black hole depend on the time and the angle. They can reduce to the well-known results when there is no electric charge.
THE PHASE EFFECT OF A DRIVING FIELD ON SPONTANEOUS EMISSION IN V-MODEL
Authors: YUAN SHI  , GAO JIN-YUE  ,   吉林大学物理系，长春  130023
Published: December 2020

The effect of the phase of driving field on spontaneous emission in V-Model has been discussed.We find that the spectrum is not only related with the phase of the driving field,but also with the initial status of the atoms.We present an analytical explanation in dressed state representation.
SPIN EFFECT ON ENERGY SPECTRUM AND MAGNETOCONDUCTANCE IN A MAGNETIC QUANTUM ANTIDOT
Authors: WANG BIN  , GUO YONG  , HU HUI  , GU BING-LIN  ,   清华大学物理系，北京  100084
Published: December 2020

By solving the single particle Shrdinger equation in different regions,we have discussed the spin effect on the energy levels of electron and the magnetoconductance in the magnetic quantum antidot. It is shown that the interaction of spin and the magnetic field results in the split of the energy levels. The splitting features are different from those in homogeneous magnetic field,i.e.the extent of the splitting is closely related to the angular momentum quantum number. Electron resonant tunneling to the magnetic edge states gives rise to the oscillations of the magnetoconductance. And spin-assisting magnetoconductance is quite different from that in the case where electron spin is ignored.There are more and shallower dips in the magnetoconductance spectrum for the former case.
NEGATIVE RESISTANCE PHENOMENON AND LIGHT EMISSION PROPERTY OF THE METAL-INSULATOR-SEMICONDUCTOR (Au-SiO2-Si) TUNNEL JUNCTION
Authors: WANG MAO-XIANG  , YU JIAN-HUA  , SUN CHENG-XIU  , WU ZONG-HAN  ,   (1)东南大学电子工程系，南京  210096; (2)东南大学物理系，南京  210096
Published: December 2020

The Au-SiO2-Si thin film MIS(Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor)tunnel junction was fabricated.The light emission property and I-V characteristic of this junction were measured and analyzed.Result indicated that the light emission was due to the excitation of Surface Plasmon Polariton(SPP)and the couple of SPP with the surface roughness subsequently in the MIS system.We observed the negative resistance phenomenon(NRP) in the I-V curve of this MIS junction,which was explained by the electrons bonding model. We also got the AFM(atomic force microscopy)photo of the surface of MIS junction, by which the relation among the electrons tunneling, the excitation of SPP,and the light emission of the MIS junction was discussed.
PREPARATION OF ITO FILMS ON WATER-COOLED FLEXIBLE SUBSTRATE BY BIAS R.F. MAGNETRON SPUTTERING
Authors: YANG ZHI-WEI  , HAN  SHENG-HAO  , YANG TIAN-LIN  , ZHAO JUN-QING  , MA JIN  , MA HONG-LEI  , CHENG  CHUAN-FU  ,   (1)山东大学光电材料与器件研究所，济南  250100; (2)山东师范大学物理系，济南  250014
Published: December 2020

Good adherent indium-tin oxide (ITO) (10wt% SnO2 impurity) films with a transmittance of about 80% in visible range and resistivity as low as 6.3×10-4Ωcm,were deposited on water-cooled PPA (Polypropylene adipate) substrate by bias r.f. magnetron sputtering.The transmittance in wavelength range of 300—550nm of these films was found to increase with the negative bias applied to the substrate.All these films have a preferred orientation of [222].The X-ray diffraction peaks of [200] decrease with increasing negative bias of the substrate.This means the number of crystal grains growing along [400] decreases.The grain sizes,as well as the conductivities of the films have a maximum value indicated by both AFM microscopy and XRD pattern in the range of -20—-40V of the bias applied to the substrate.The proper working pressure of argon is about 0.5—1Pa,and the proper impurity density of SnO2 is 7.5%—10%(w.t.).
RIDDLED BASIN IN CHAOTIC SYNCHRONIZATION SYSTEM: LINEAR COUPLED STANDARD TENT MA PS
Authors: TAN NING  , CHEN YONG-HONG  , XU JIAN-XUE  ,   西安交通大学非线性动力学研究所，西安  710049
Published: December 2020

The riddled basin of the chaotic synchronized attractor in linear coupled standard tent maps is studied and proved.The notion of riddled factor is presented.Acc ording to it,the critical value of the coupling at which locally-globally bifurcation occurs is found and the analytical expression of transverse Lyapunov exponent is also revised.It is shown that in chaotic synchronization the riddled basin plays an important role.
ANALYTIC RESEARCH ON THE DISPERSION RELATION AND FIELD DISTRIBUTION OF THE RESON ANT CAVITY CHAIN
Authors: FAN ZHI-KAI  , LIU QING-XIANG  ,   中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所，绵阳  621900
Published: December 2020

Starting from homogeneous scalar Helmholtz's equations associated with Borgnis p otential function in a cylindrical coordinate system, and based on the standing wave concept of slow-wave introduced in the paper, the analytic expressions of the dispersion relation and field distribution for azimuthally symmetric transverse magnetic modes in the resonant cavity chain with full-cavity terminations are derived, by using boundary conditions for Borgnis potential function in conjunction with field matching conditions at the common interface between adjacent sub regions. The resonance frequency of the four-cavity transit-time tube oscillator calculated by this analytic method is compared with that measured in experiment s and it is found that they are in agreement quite well. The field distribution of the oscillator developed by this analytic method is agreeable to that simula ted by numerical code.
OPTIMIZATION AND ELIMINATION OF “BLACK CENTER” OF A LARGE-BORE COPPER VAPOR LA SER
Authors: CHENG CHENG  , HE SAI-LING  ,   浙江大学现代光学仪器国家重点实验室光及电磁波研究中心，杭州  310027；杭州师范学 院物理系，杭州  310012
Published: December 2020

Applying a genetic algorithm and taking the maximum output as an objective funct ion, a copper vapor laser with about 100W　output is optimized and designed for reducing the “black center” of the radial laser intensity. The “black center ”, which results from the skin effect of the continuing pulsed field, is reduce d and the output is increased significantly by optimizing the laser tube radius- length and the LC circuit parameters.
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS OF γ-IRRADIATED METAL-OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR FIELD-EFFECT-TRAN SISTOR
Authors: WANG JIAN-PING  , XU NA-JUN  , ZHANG TING-QING  , TANG HUA-LIAN  , LIU JIA-LU  , LIU CHUAN -YANG  , YAO YU-JUAN  , PENG HONG-LUN  , HE BAO-PING  , ZHANG ZHENG-XUAN  ,   (1)西安电子科技大学微电子研究所，西安  710071; (2)西北核技术研究所，西安  710024
Published: December 2020

Effects of irradiation temperature are explored for metal-oxide-semiconductor de vice under γ-rays.Hardened CC4007 chips were irradiated under different tempera tures,gate bias and annealing conditions.Threshold voltage shift was divided int o Vot and Vit using mid-gap voltage method.Finally,the mec hanism of threshold shift was discussed.