bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure of complement C3(H2O) revealed by quantitative cross-linking/mass spectrometry and modeling
Authors: Chen Zhuo A. , Pellarin Riccardo , Fischer Lutz , Sali Andrej , Nilges Michael , Barlow Paul N. , Rappsilber Juri
Published: June 2016

The slow but spontaneous and ubiquitous formation of C3(H2O), the hydrolytic and conformationally rearranged product of C3, initiates antibody-independent activation of the complement system that is a key first line of antimicrobial defense. The structure of C3(H2O) has not been determined. Here we subjected C3(H2O) to quantitative cross-linking/mass spectrometry (QCLMS). This revealed details of the structural differences and similarities between C3(H2O) and C3, as well as between C3(H2O) and its pivotal proteolytic cleavage product, C3b, which shares functionally similarity with C3(H2O). Considered in combination with the crystal structures of C3 and C3b, the QCMLS data suggest that C3(H2O) generation is accompanied by the migration of the thioester-containing domain of C3 from one end of the molecule to the other. This creates a stable C3b-like platform able to bind the zymogen, factor B, or the regulator, factor H. Integration of available crystallographic and QCLMS data allowed the determination of a 3D model of the C3(H2O) domain architecture. The unique arrangement of domains thus observed in C3(H2O), which retains the anaphylatoxin domain (that is excised when C3 is enzymatically activated to C3b), can be used to rationalize observed differences between C3(H2O) and C3b in terms of complement activation and regulation.
Changing priorities for female managers in mid-career
Authors: Cole Graham
Published: June 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach

This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings

Middle-age is regarded as a significant stage of life. It is typically either perceived as a time of crisis or an ideal opportunity for new beginnings. The common denominator is that major decisions are the norm on both sides of this particular debate. The issue is especially pertinent in the context of careers. Reaching a mid-career point often prompts individuals to evaluate current and past experiences and relationships in order to guide future direction.

Practical implication

The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.

Originality/value

The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent, information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Test of a mediational model of organization mission fulfillment: evidence from the hotel industry
Authors: Karatepe Osman M. , Kaviti Rashin
Published: May 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to propose and test a conceptual model, guided by conservation of resources theory, that examines whether emotional exhaustion is a mediator between organization mission fulfillment and critical outcomes such as turnover intentions, lateness attitude, job performance and extra-role customer service.

Design/methodology/approach

The aforesaid relationships were assessed via data gathered from customer-contact employees two weeks apart in three waves and their immediate supervisors in the international five-star chain hotels in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. The relationships in the model were gauged via structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results reveal that organization mission fulfillment influences the above-mentioned outcomes only through emotional exhaustion. Specifically, organization mission fulfillment mitigates customer-contact employees’ emotional exhaustion. Under these circumstances, these employees report desirable outcomes such as low levels of quitting intentions and lateness attitude as well as higher in- and extra-role performances.

Research limitations/implications

In future research, collecting data from different service settings in different countries would enable the researcher to conduct a cross-national study and make further generalizations. In future research, including actual turnover and absenteeism as well creative and service recovery performances in the model would enrich the understanding about the outcomes of organization mission fulfillment and emotional exhaustion.

Practical implications

Management needs to use several intra-organizational communication tools so that customer-contact employees can have an understanding of how the organization is trying to accomplish its mission. When employees participate in and contribute to the preparation of the organization’s mission statement, they own the mission statement and do their best to achieve the organizational objectives. Management should also offer a work environment where employees can avail themselves of psychosocial support to be provided by mentors. Such psychosocial support would enable employees to manage problems emerging from emotional exhaustion.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to current knowledge by testing the effect of the organization’s fidelity to its mission statement on emotional exhaustion and the above-mentioned job outcomes using data obtained from employees in frontline service jobs in the hotel industry.
Service quality models in the context of the fitness industry
Authors: Polyakova Olga , Mirza Mohammed T
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of perceived service quality in the fitness industry by considering the service-dominant logic (Vargo and Lusch, 2004) and examining existing service quality models in the context of sport and fitness.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper critically reviews generic and industry-specific models of service quality in the fitness industry. The examination of the models is intended to identify the role that the perspective of customers and the dynamics of service co-creation play in these models.

Findings

– Consideration of the context in a particular industry plays an important role in the development of service quality models. If underestimated, it can result in a model being inadequate or having limited explanatory potential. The review shows that both generic and fitness industry-specific models have methodological and conceptual limitations. This requires researchers to consider developing new contextual models that acknowledge service as co-creation of experience/value between suppliers and customers; and the goal of this co-creation as fulfilment of customers’ aspirations. Such an approach brings a new light to the meaning of “a customer’s perspective” and emphasises the dynamics of service co-creation in the fitness industry.

Practical implications

– The study provides an agenda for future research to consider perceived service quality models from the customers’ perspective. It suggests researchers to take into account various factors of consumer behaviour (e.g. motivation) which are unique to sport and fitness services. Also, managers of fitness facilities need to revisit their tools for capturing customers’ perceptions and to update the areas included in customer satisfaction surveys.

Originality/value

– The paper provides an insight into the role of co-creation for service quality in fitness services. It contributes towards establishing revised relations between service quality in fitness and contextual industry-specific factors suggested by numerous studies previously.
Developing House of Quality by integrating top roof and side roof matrices and service TRIZ with a case study in banking services
Authors: Shahin Arash , Bagheri Iraj Elham , Vaez Shahrestani Hossein
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to propose an innovative solution for prioritizing “Whats” and “Hows” and resolving contradictions among “Whats” in House of Quality (HoQ).

Design/methodology/approach

– Prioritization of the influence of the weights in correlation matrices of “Whats” and “Hows” (i.e. top roof and side roof) of HoQ and integration with TRIZ contradiction matrix have been studied. Explained through a case example of banking services, initially, contradictions among requirements of 180 customers have been identified by side roof matrix and then, the 12 by 12 non-technical contradictions matrix of service TRIZ have been used to suggest principles for resolving contradictions.

Findings

– Findings imply that the use of roof and side roof weights can influence the priorities of “Whats” and “Hows.”

Research limitations/implications

– Findings may assist researchers and practitioners in resolving ambiguity of the voice of customers, which in turn make the results of HoQ more accurate.

Originality/value

– A new approach has been proposed in this paper for resolving contradictions of customer requirements by service TRIZ and adjusting priorities of “Whats” and “Hows” in HoQ.
Being ‘there’: At the front line of the ‘European refugee crisis’ ‐ part 2
Authors: Papataxiarchis Evthymios
Published: June 2016

In the course of 2015, Skala Sykamnias, a fishing village and tourist idyll on the northern coast of Lesbos, by accident of its geographical location, became the informal gate into Europe for more than 200.000 refugees. In this article the author analyzes the massive flows of people and things that transverse his fieldwork site from different directions: the great diversity of actors enacting what are often dissonant ideals and strategies; the various theatres of operation and reception ‘structures’; both frontline and back stage; and the debates that revolve around humanitarian action in the region. The local community is falling apart whilst to those incoming it represents a gateway to freedom. It is becoming a mini theatre of conflicts that echo wider debates on the political future of Europe.
Auditor Quality and Debt Covenants
Authors: Robin Ashok , Wu Qiang , Zhang Hao
Published: June 2016

This study examines the impact of auditor quality on financial covenants in debt contracts. We conjecture that high‐quality auditors have two related effects on these debt covenants: (i) they encourage fewer and less restrictive covenants by providing assurance to lenders at contract inception and, consequently, (ii) they ensure a lower probability of eventual covenant violations. Consistent with the conjectures, we find that auditor quality is negatively associated with the intensity and tightness of financial covenants. Specifically, high‐quality auditors are associated with fewer covenants (especially performance covenants) and less binding covenants. Additionally, we find that auditor quality is negatively associated with the likelihood of covenant violations. In an ancillary test, we provide evidence that high‐quality auditors mitigate the detrimental effect of covenant violations on the cost of borrowing. Together, these findings highlight the important role of auditors in debt contracting.
Increased short‐ and long‐term mortality in 8146 hospitalised peptic ulcer patients
Authors: Malmi H. , Kautiainen H. , Virta L. J. , Färkkilä M. A.
Published: May 2016

Background

Incidence and complications of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) have declined, but mortality from peptic ulcer bleeding has remained unchanged. The few recent studies on mortality associated with both uncomplicated and complicated patients with peptic ulcer disease provide contradictory results.

Aims

To evaluate short‐ and long‐term mortality, and the main causes of death in peptic ulcer disease.

Methods

In this retrospective epidemiologic cohort study, register data on 8146 adult patients hospitalised with peptic ulcer disease during 2000–2008 were collected in the capital region of Finland. All were followed in the National Cause of Death Register until the end of 2009. The data were linked with the nationwide Drug Purchase Register of the Finnish Social Insurance Institution.

Results

Mean follow‐up time was 4.9 years. Overall mortality was substantially increased, standardised mortality ratio 2.53 (95% CI: 2.44–2.63); 3.7% died within 30 days, and 11.8% within 1 year. At 6 months, the survival of patients with perforated or bleeding ulcer was lower compared to those with uncomplicated ulcer; hazard ratios were 2.06 (1.68–2.04) and 1.32 (1.11–1.58), respectively. For perforated duodenal ulcers, both the short‐ and long‐term survival was significantly impaired in women. The main causes of mortality at 1 year were malignancies and cardiovascular diseases. Previous use of statins was associated with significant reduction in all‐cause mortality.

Conclusions

One‐year mortality in patients hospitalised with peptic ulcer disease remained high with no change. This peptic ulcer disease cohort had a clearly decreased survival rate up to 10 years, especially among women with a perforated duodenal ulcer, most likely explained by poorer survival due to underlying comorbidity.
Efficacy of CT‐guided localization followed by video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery in children with tiny pulmonary nodules
Authors: Nara Keigo , Oue Takaharu , Uehara Shuichiro , Ueno Takehisa , Ibuka Souji , Nakahata Kengo , Zenitani Masahiro , Umeda Satoshi , Yamamichi Taku , Honda Osamu , Okuyama Hiroomi
Published: June 2016

CT‐guided localization followed by video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed in three children with pulmonary nodules less than 5 mm in diameter. The patients' respective primary diagnoses were Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, and osteosarcoma of the femur. The pulmonary nodules were marked preoperatively by a percutaneously placed hook‐wire or dye under CT guidance. Although none of the nodules was grossly detected during the operation, they were correctly resected under the guidance of the hook‐wire wound or dye. A histological assessment revealed viable metastatic lesions in the case of hepatoblastoma, completely necrotic lesions in the case of Wilms tumor, and inflammatory nodules in the case of osteosarcoma. CT‐guided localization followed by video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery appears to be a beneficial procedure in children with tiny pulmonary nodules.
A Comparative Study of Child Abuse Risk Assessment in the United States and Korea
Authors: Hyun Jinhee , Adams Sheila R.
Published: June 2016

The perceptions and judgments of social workers who interview the child and family are especially significant factors in child abuse assessment process. The current study describes and compares child protection workers’ assessment processes in Korea and the USA through the use of case vignettes and in‐depth interview. The responses from social workers in these two countries were compared and discussed in the areas of: risk assessment; perception of the main problems; tolerance of corporal punishment; and judgments about appropriateness of interventions. Most revealing was that Korean social workers determined abuse based on their child abuse definition and the US Army FAP social workers determined abuse based on their definition, which was affected by legal standards and cultural differences. Korean social workers are more likely to remove a child from the home, even in mild cases, but US FAP social workers would recommend child removal from the home as a last option. The social workers that participated in this survey play a vital role in the safety of children in child protective services. Both countries can benefit from sharing information to improve the child protection services delivered. Social workers' professional judgment leads to objective and consistent outcomes and are less likely to compromise child safety in the decision making process.
Anti‐fibrotic actions of relaxin
Authors: Samuel C S , Royce S G , Hewitson T D , Denton K M , Cooney T E , Bennett R G
Published: June 2016

Fibrosis refers to the hardening or scarring of tissues that usually results from aberrant wound healing in response to organ injury, and its manifestations in various organs have collectively been estimated to contribute to around 45–50% of deaths in the Western world. Despite this, there is currently no effective cure for the tissue structural and functional damage induced by fibrosis‐related disorders. Relaxin meets several criteria of an effective anti‐fibrotic based on its specific ability to inhibit pro‐fibrotic cytokine and/or growth factor‐mediated, but not normal/unstimulated, fibroblast proliferation, differentiation and matrix production. Furthermore, relaxin augments matrix degradation through its ability to up‐regulate the release and activation of various matrix‐degrading matrix metalloproteinases and/or being able to down‐regulate tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase activity. Relaxin can also indirectly suppress fibrosis through its other well‐known (anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‐hypertrophic, anti‐apoptotic, angiogenic, wound healing and vasodilator) properties. This review will outline the organ‐specific and general anti‐fibrotic significance of exogenously administered relaxin and its mechanisms of action that have been documented in various non‐reproductive organs such as the cardiovascular system, kidney, lung, liver, skin and tendons. In addition, it will outline the influence of sex on relaxin's anti‐fibrotic actions, highlighting its potential as an emerging anti‐fibrotic therapeutic.

Linked Articles

This article is part of a themed section on Recent Progress in the Understanding of Relaxin Family Peptides and their Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.10/issuetoc
Prediction of individual implant bone levels and the existence of implant “phenotypes”
Authors: Papantonopoulos Georgios , Gogos Christos , Housos Efthymios , Bountis Tassos , Loos Bruno G.
Published: June 2016

Objectives

To cluster implants placed in patients of a private practice and identify possible implant “phenotypes” and predictors of individual implant mean bone levels (IIMBL).

Materials and methods

Clinical and radiographical variables were collected from 72 implant‐treated patients with 237 implants and a mean 7.4 ± 3.5 years of function. We clustered implants using the k‐means method guided by multidimensional unfolding. For predicting IIMBL, we used principal component analysis (PCA) as a variable reduction method for an ensemble selection (ES) and a support vector machines models (SVMs). Network analysis investigated variable interactions.

Results

We identified a cluster of implants susceptible to peri‐implantitis (96% of the implants in the cluster were affected by peri‐implantitis) and two overlapping clusters of implants resistant to peri‐implantitis. The cluster susceptible to peri‐implantitis showed a mean IIMBL of 5.2 mm and included implants placed mainly in the lower front jaw and in mouths having a mean of eight teeth. PCA extracted the parameters such as number of teeth, full‐mouth plaque scores, implant surface, periodontitis severity, age and diabetes as significant in explaining the data variability. ES and SVMs showed good results in predicting IIMBL (root‐mean‐squared error of 0.133 and 0.149, 10‐fold cross‐validation error of 0.147 and 0.150, respectively). Network analysis revealed limited interdependencies of variables among peri‐implantitis‐affected and non‐affected implants and supported the hypothesis of the existence of distinct implant “phenotypes.”

Conclusion

Two implant “phenotypes” were identified, one with susceptibility and another with resistance to peri‐implantitis. Prediction of IIMBL could be achieved by using six variables.
Tropical amphibians in shifting thermal landscapes under land‐use and climate change
Authors: Nowakowski A. Justin , Watling James I. , Whitfield Steven M. , Todd Brian D. , Kurz David J. , Donnelly Maureen A.
Published: June 2016

Land‐cover and climate change are both expected to alter species distributions and contribute to future biodiversity loss. However, the combined effects of land‐cover and climate change on assemblages, especially at the landscape scale, remain understudied. Lowland tropical amphibians may be particularly susceptible to changes in land cover and climate warming because many species have narrow thermal safety margins resulting from air and body temperatures that are close to their critical thermal maxima (CTmax). We examined how changing thermal landscapes may alter the area of thermally suitable habitat (TSH) for tropical amphibians. We measured microclimates in 6 land‐cover types and CTmax of 16 frog species in lowland northeastern Costa Rica. We used a biophysical model to estimate core body temperatures of frogs exposed to habitat‐specific microclimates while accounting for evaporative cooling and behavior. Thermally suitable habitat area was estimated as the portion of the landscape where species CTmax exceeded their habitat‐specific maximum body temperatures. We projected changes in TSH area 80 years into the future as a function of land‐cover change only, climate change only, and combinations of land‐cover and climate‐change scenarios representing low and moderate rates of change. Projected decreases in TSH area ranged from 16% under low emissions and reduced forest loss to 30% under moderate emissions and business‐as‐usual land‐cover change. Under a moderate emissions scenario (A1B), climate change alone contributed to 1.7‐ to 4.5‐fold greater losses in TSH area than land‐cover change only, suggesting that future decreases in TSH from climate change may outpace structural habitat loss. Forest‐restricted species had lower mean CTmax than species that occurred in altered habitats, indicating that thermal tolerances will likely shape assemblages in changing thermal landscapes. In the face of ongoing land‐cover and climate change, it will be critical to consider changing thermal landscapes in strategies to conserve ectotherm species.
Epidermal multinucleated keratinocytes: a histopathologic clue to dermatitis artefacta
Authors: Gutierrez Daniel , Schowalter Michael K. , Piliang Melissa P. , Fernandez Anthony P.
Published: June 2016

Dermatitis artefacta is a psycho‐cutaneous disorder characterized by self‐inflicted cutaneous injuries, often in association with an underlying psychiatric disorder or as a response to external stressors. Cutaneous lesions suggestive of dermatitis artefacta are dependent on the means of injury and thus may be morphologically variable, but typically have geometric shapes, spare hard‐to‐reach anatomic areas, and are present in variable stages of evolution at any specific time. Although a dermatologist may be suspicious of dermatitis artefacta in a given patient, making a definitive diagnosis is extremely challenging. Patients often clinically evade questioning and deny creating skin lesions, and histopathologic evaluation of lesional biopsies usually reveals non‐specific epidermal and dermal changes and inflammation. Thus, identification of clues that lend support to a diagnosis of dermatitis artefacta would be welcomed by both clinicians and pathologists. Here we present a case of dermatitis artefacta with a unique, yet previously reported, histopathological finding of multinucleated keratinocytes within the epidermis. Although probably uncommon and dependent on the etiology of cutaneous injury, we believe this finding is important for dermatopathologists to be aware of as a potential diagnostic clue when evaluating biopsies in patients suspected to have dermatitis artefacta.
Distinct genetic profiles of extracranial and intracranial acral melanoma metastases
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Lian Christine G. , Lin William M. , Amin‐Mansour Ali , Jané‐Valbuena Judit , Garraway Levi , Bao Wendi , Yoon Charles H. , Ibrahim Nageatte
Published: June 2016

Background

There is limited knowledge of the genetic alterations in acral melanoma metastases at different anatomic sites. Here, we characterized the genetic abnormalities of metastases in a 51‐year‐old man with stage IIIC heel melanoma who developed concomitant brain and cutaneous metastases in spite of multiple treatment modalities.

Methods

Melanoma cells were isolated following palliative resection of the patient's cortical tumor and biopsy of cutaneous thigh metastasis. Mutational analysis using polymerase chain reaction amplification and BLAST, as well as exome sequencing (160 Mb coverage) was performed on the tumors, cell lines generated thereof and normal lymph nodes.

Results

All specimens had neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog Q61K mutations. There was a 40‐fold higher somatic mutation frequency in the brain metastasis compared to the cutaneous metastasis. The former showed truncations of DNA mismatch repair genes (MLH1 and MSH2), and non‐canonical BRAF (v‐raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1), PIK3CA and NF‐1 mutations not observed in the extracranial lesion. Genomic profiling of each cell line was concordant with the respective original tumor tissue.

Conclusions

We present the mutational differences between brain and cutaneous acral melanoma metastases in a patient with concomitant lesions. Further genetic and functional studies are needed to understand the biology of metastatic disease appearing at different sites.
Myxoid cutaneous tumors: a review
Authors: Zou Youran , Billings Steven D.
Published: June 2016

Unified by the common finding of myxoid background, the group of myxoid cutaneous tumors comprises many entities with different lineages, immunohistochemical profiles, underlying genetic abnormalities and biologic behaviors. These tumors may have significant histopathologic overlap causing diagnostic difficulty. Careful attention to subtle histopathologic features is key to accurate diagnosis. Immunohistochemical stains and molecular tests are valuable in selected cases. This review discusses selected myxoid tumors and myxoid variants of cutaneous tumors and focuses on key pathologic features and an effective strategy for the use of ancillary tests.
Evaluation of laser phototherapy (λ 780 nm) after dental replantation in rats
Authors: de Carvalho Fabíola Bastos , Andrade Aline Silva , Barbosa Artur Felipe dos Santos , Aguiar Márcio Cajazeira , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira , Pinheiro Antônio Luiz Barbosa , Ramalho Luciana Maria Pedreira
Published: May 2016

Background/Aim

Tooth replantation is the treatment of choice in cases of avulsion although the outcomes are variable. The teeth can be lost due to external root resorption. The aim of this study was to histologically assess of the effect of laser phototherapy (λ780 nm) on replanted teeth in rats.

Material and Methods

Sixty Wistar Albinus rats had their maxillary right incisors extracted and were then divided into four groups: G1–absence of storage medium; G2–milk as storage medium; G3–milk as storage medium followed by a laser irradiation of the root surfaces and entrance of the alveolus (λ = 780 nm; P = 70 mW; CW; DE = 21 J/cm2); G4–milk as storage medium, laser irradiation as in G3 before replantation. After this procedure, laser irradiation was performed on the buccal and palatal mucosa (8.4 J/cm2 per session) every 48 h for 15 days. The animals were euthanized 15, 30, and 60 days after replantation.

Results

The histological results showed that after 15 days, G4 exhibited intense chronic inflammation with the presence of clastic cells and moderate external inflammatory root resorption (P < 0.05) when compared with G3, in which these outcomes were not observed. At the 30th day, G1, G2, and G4 showed chronic inflammation varying from discrete to moderate, as well as intense external inflammatory root resorption. G3 remained without any inflammation and external inflammatory root resorption up to the 60th day.

Conclusions

The use of laser phototherapy on the root surface and at the entrance of the alveolus prior to replantation had a positive biomodulative effect on alveolar repair after tooth replantation in rats.
The impact of irradiance on optimal and cellular nitrogen to phosphorus ratios in phytoplankton
Authors: Thrane Jan‐Erik , Hessen Dag O. , Andersen Tom
Published: June 2016

Phytoplankton acclimates to irradiance by regulating the cellular content of light‐harvesting complexes, which are nitrogen (N) rich and phosphorus (P) poor. Irradiance is thus hypothesised to influence the cellular N : P ratio and the N : P defining the threshold between N and P limitation (the ‘optimal’ N : P). We tested this hypothesis by first addressing the response of the optimal N : P to irradiance in a controlled experiment with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Then, we did a meta‐analysis of experimental data on optimal and cellular N : P ratios across light gradients to test the generality of an N : P to light response within species. In both the experiment and the meta‐analysis, N : P ratios decreased with irradiance, indicating that factors affecting underwater irradiance, like depth and the composition of the water, may influence the relative N : P requirement. The effect of irradiance did not differ between optimal and cellular N : P ratios, but observations of optimal N : P were on average 2.8 times higher than observations of cellular N : P.
Remote MEG dipoles in focal cortical dysplasia at bottom of sulcus
Authors: Nakajima Midori , Widjaja Elysa , Baba Shiro , Sato Yosuke , Yoshida Ryuhei , Tabei Maya , Okazaki Ayaka , Sakuma Satoru , Holowka Stephanie A. , Ochi Ayako , Snead O. Carter , Rutka James T. , Drake James M. , Shiraishi Hideaki , Doesburg Sam , Otsubo Hiroshi
Published: June 2016

Objective

To investigate whether the magnetoencephalography (MEG) single moving dipole (SMD) method could delineate the epileptic zone of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) at the bottom of sulcus (FCDB).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 17 children (11 male; mean age 8.8 years, range 3–17 years) with FCD type II who underwent epilepsy surgery. We compared spatial congruence between the following: (1) MEG cluster and FCDB and (2) MEG cluster and FCD at the brain surface (FCDS). We measured the volume and depth of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–visible lesions to investigate whether they affect spatial congruence between MEG cluster and MRI‐visible lesion.

Results

Eight children had FCDB and the other nine children had FCDS. The volume of MRI‐visible lesions for FCDB ranged from 1,632 to 4,707 mm3 (mean ± standard deviation [SD] 3,095 ± 1,211 mm3). The depth of FCDB ranged from 19 to 33 mm (mean ± SD 26 ± 4 mm). The volume of MRI‐visible lesion for FCDS ranged from 2,375 to 57,331 mm3 (15,470 ± 18,455 mm3). There was a tendency for a smaller volume of MRI‐visible lesion for FCDB, relative to FCDS(p = 0.079). In FCDB, six children showed clusters of MEG dipoles and two children showed scattered MEG dipoles for interictal spikes. The spatial congruence between the MEG result and FCDB was partially overlapping in four children and discordant in another four children. In FCDS, eight children had MEG cluster and one child had MEG scatter alone. The spatial congruence between MEG result and FCDS was overlapping in eight of nine children (fully two; partially six) and discordant in one of nine children. Fifteen children (88%; FCDB eight; FCDS seven) became seizure‐free after resective surgery. MEG spike dipole resection ratio in the cluster ranged from 4–100% (mean 67%) in 6 FCDB and 23–99% (mean 77%) in 8 FCDS.

Significance

The SMD method may drift MEG spike dipoles for FCDB. Lesionectomy can control seizures for four of eight patients in FCDB despite the remote MEG dipoles. The FCDB or FCDS partially overlapped with MEG cluster may have an extending/invisible epileptogenic zone consecutive to the MRI‐visible lesion.
Examining Public Housing Stereotypes and Building Intercultural Competence Through Service‐Learning
Authors: Skobba Kim , Bruin Marilyn J.
Published: June 2016

For students considering careers in the housing industry, moving beyond stereotypical views of low‐income individuals is essential to ensuring fair housing opportunities. Using qualitative data from two reflective writing assignments, this research examines changes in the perception of public housing residents and the demonstration of intercultural competence among 69 undergraduate students completing a service‐learning project in an affordable housing policy and management course. The majority of students entered the course with stereotypical views of public housing residents. A reflection writing assignment after the service‐learning project provided evidence of intercultural competence through an empathetic, informed frame of reference shift. However, a small number of students held firmly to negative, ethnocentric attitudes. This finding suggests that the service‐learning project affected students in different ways. More research is needed to understand the differential outcomes related to intercultural competence development and service‐learning.
Lifelong Learning and Guided Autobiography
Authors: DeVaney Sharon A.
Published: June 2016

Today, people are living longer than at any other time in history. The purpose of this article is to describe: (i) an independent, community‐based organization created for and by older adults, and (ii) one of the courses taught at that organization. The organization is the PILLAR Institute for Lifelong Learning located in Colorado Springs, Colorado. PILLAR is a volunteer‐run organization. Except for a paid director, all of the staffing is done by volunteers. Also, the instructors who are experts in their fields are volunteers. Guided Autobiography is a course which is an excellent fit for older adults who wish to engage intellectually. Members of the Guided Autobiography course have reported on the satisfaction of recording their life stories and preserving the history of their lives for future generations.
Space, Place, and Privacy: Preschool Children's Secret Hiding Places
Authors: Colwell Malinda J. , Gaines Kristi , Pearson Michelle , Corson Kimberly , Wright Holly D. , Logan Brandon J.
Published: June 2016

Young children create spaces to claim as their own within their larger environments. Some spaces serve social and play functions, while others may offer a sense of security and safety, as suggested by prospect–refuge theory (Appleton, J. (1975). The experience of landscape. New York: John Wiley and Sons). Although we know that children create secret spaces for themselves, less is known about how children construct these spaces. This study used focus groups to learn what materials preschoolers would like to create spaces within their classrooms. Then, children were given the materials and provided time to create spaces. Results showed that children preferred flexible materials (e.g., blankets, bed sheets, cardboard tubes), worked collaboratively to create their spaces, and that the spaces provided refuge for the children. Implications for children's social development, classroom environment, and early childhood education are discussed.
A National Survey of the Perceived Value of American Association of Family and Consumer Science Accreditation
Authors: Pucciarelli Deanna L. , Hall Scott , Harden Amy
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study was to measure the perceived value of the American Association of Family and Consumer Science (AAFCS) accreditation. The overarching research question was how faculty and administrators at institutions in the United States perceived the value of AAFCS accreditation. The study used an exploratory research method to determine whether there were barriers to institutions obtaining or retaining AAFCS accreditation. A survey was developed and e‐mailed to faculty and administrators in higher education in accredited and unaccredited academic units. Of the 1,910 e‐mail invitations, 345 returned survey responses, leaving 317 useable surveys. Questions focused on the purposes and benefits as stated by the AAFCS accreditation program. Also, the survey included questions on whether the resources required to obtain certification were worth the benefits from being certified. Results showed that the perceived benefit of accreditation did not differ by participants who were employed in accredited programs, but results differed by AAFCS membership status. Implications suggest support is needed from AAFCS and that there are concerns in regard to competing associations' accreditations.
Brand Personality, Consumer Satisfaction, and Loyalty: A Perspective from Denim Jeans Brands
Authors: Su Jin , Tong Xiao
Published: June 2016

This study employed Aaker's brand personality framework to empirically investigate the personality of denim jeans brands and to examine the impact of brand personality on consumer satisfaction and brand loyalty based on data collected from 474 college students. Results revealed that the personality of denim jeans brands can be described in six dimensions with 51 personality traits: attractiveness, practicality, ruggedness, flexibility, friendliness, and honesty. The results indicated that consumers associate particular brand personality dimensions with denim jeans brands. Also, the various dimensions of brand personality have different effects on consumer satisfaction and consumer brand loyalty.
Biological invasion by a benthivorous fish reduced the cover and species richness of aquatic plants in most lakes of a large North American ecoregion
Authors: Bajer Przemyslaw G. , Beck Marcus W. , Cross Timothy K. , Koch Justine D. , Bartodziej William M. , Sorensen Peter W.
Published: June 2016

Biological invasions are projected to be the main driver of biodiversity and ecosystem function loss in lakes in the 21st century. However, the extent of these future losses is difficult to quantify because most invasions are recent and confounded by other stressors. In this study, we quantified the outcome of a century‐old invasion, the introduction of common carp to North America, to illustrate potential consequences of introducing non‐native ecosystem engineers to lakes worldwide. We used the decline in aquatic plant richness and cover as an index of ecological impact across three ecoregions: Great Plains, Eastern Temperate Forests and Northern Forests. Using whole‐lake manipulations, we demonstrated that both submersed plant cover and richness declined exponentially as carp biomass increased such that plant cover was reduced to <10% and species richness was halved in lakes in which carp biomass exceeded 190 kg ha−1. Using catch rates amassed from 2000+ lakes, we showed that carp exceeded this biomass level in 70.6% of Great Plains lakes and 23.3% of Eastern Temperate Forests lakes, but 0% of Northern Forests lakes. Using model selection analysis, we showed that carp was a key driver of plant species richness along with Secchi depth, lake area and human development of lake watersheds. Model parameters showed that carp reduced species richness to a similar degree across lakes of various Secchi depths and surface areas. In regions dominated by carp (e.g., Great Plains), carp had a stronger impact on plant richness than human watershed development. Overall, our analysis shows that the introduction of common carp played a key role in driving a severe reduction in plant cover and richness in a majority of Great Plains lakes and a large portion of Eastern Temperate Forests lakes in North America.
Land‐use contrasts reveal instability of subsoil organic carbon
Authors: Hobley Eleanor , Baldock Jeff , Hua Quan , Wilson Brian
Published: June 2016

Subsoils contain large amounts of organic carbon which is generally believed to be highly stable when compared with surface soils. We investigated subsurface organic carbon storage and dynamics by analysing organic carbon concentrations, fractions and isotopic values in 78 samples from 12 sites under different land‐uses and climates in eastern Australia. Despite radiocarbon ages of several millennia in subsoils, contrasting native systems with agriculturally managed systems revealed that subsurface organic carbon is reactive on decadal timeframes to land‐use change, which leads to large losses of young carbon down the entire soil profile. Our results indicate that organic carbon storage in soils is input driven down the whole profile, challenging the concept of subsoils as a repository of stable organic carbon.
Interactive effects of temperature and drought on cassava growth and toxicity: implications for food security?
Authors: Brown Alicia L. , Cavagnaro Timothy R. , Gleadow Ros , Miller Rebecca E.
Published: June 2016

Cassava is an important dietary component for over 1 billion people, and its ability to yield under drought has led to it being promoted as an important crop for food security under climate change. Despite its known photosynthetic plasticity in response to temperature, little is known about how temperature affects plant toxicity or about interactions between temperature and drought, which is important because cassava tissues contain high levels of toxic cyanogenic glucosides, a major health and food safety concern. In a controlled glasshouse experiment, plants were grown at 2 daytime temperatures (23 °C and 34 °C), and either well‐watered or subject to a 1 month drought prior to harvest at 6 months. The objective was to determine the separate and interactive effects of temperature and drought on growth and toxicity. Both temperature and drought affected cassava physiology and chemistry. While temperature alone drove differences in plant height and above‐ground biomass, drought and temperature × drought interactions most affected tuber yield, as well as foliar and tuber chemistry, including C : N, nitrogen and cyanide potential (CNp; total cyanide released from cyanogenic glucosides). Conditions that most stimulated growth and yield (well‐watered × high temperature) effected a reduction in tuber toxicity, whereas drought inhibited growth and yield, and was associated with increased foliar and tuber toxicity. The magnitude of drought effects on tuber yield and toxicity were greater at high temperature; thus, increases in tuber CNp were not merely a consequence of reduced tuber biomass. Findings confirm that cassava is adaptable to forecast temperature increases, particularly in areas of adequate or increasing rainfall; however, in regions forecast for increased incidence of drought, the effects of drought on both food quality (tuber toxicity) and yield are a greater threat to future food security and indicate an increasing necessity for processing of cassava to reduce toxicity.
Penal Populism and the Public Thermostat: Crime, Public Punitiveness, and Public Policy
Authors: Jennings Will , Farrall Stephen , Gray Emily , Hay Colin
Published: June 2016

This article makes the case that feedback processes in democratic politics—between crime rates, public opinion, and public policy—can account for the growth of penal populism in Britain. It argues that the public recognize and respond to rising (and falling) levels of crime, and that in turn public support for being tough on crime is translated into patterns of imprisonment. This contributes to debates over the crime–opinion–policy connection, unpacking the dynamic processes by which these relationships unfold at the aggregate level. This uses the most extensive data set ever assembled on aggregate opinion on crime in Britain to construct a new over‐time measure of punitive attitudes. The analysis first tests the thermostatic responsiveness of punitive attitudes to changes in recorded crime rates as well as self‐reported victimization, and then examines the degree to which changes in mass opinion impact on criminal justice policy.
Gamma‐irradiated quiescent cells repair directly induced double‐strand breaks but accumulate persistent double‐strand breaks during subsequent DNA replication
Authors: Minakawa Yusuke , Atsumi Yuko , Shinohara Akira , Murakami Yasufumi , Yoshioka Ken‐ichi
Published: June 2016

H2AX is expressed at very low levels in quiescent normal cells in vivo and in vitro. Such cells repair DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) induced by γ‐irradiation through a transient stabilization of H2AX. However, the resultant cells accumulate small numbers of irreparable (or persistent) DSBs via an unknown mechanism. We found that quiescent cells that had repaired DSBs directly induced by γ‐rays were prone to accumulate DSBs during the subsequent DNA replication. Unlike directly induced DSBs, secondary DSBs were not efficiently repaired, although Rad51 and 53BP1 were recruited to these sites. H2AX was dramatically stabilized in response to DSBs directly caused by γ‐rays, enabling γH2AX foci formation and DSB repair, whereas H2AX was barely stabilized in response to secondary DSBs, in which γH2AX foci were small and DSBs were not efficiently repaired. Our results show a pathway that leads to the persistent DSB formation after γ‐irradiation.
Traveling salesman problems with profits and stochastic customers
Authors: Zhang Mengying , Qin Jin , Yu Yugang , Liang Liang
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we introduce a class of new selection and routing problems, and name it as the traveling salesman problem with profits and stochastic customers (TSPPSC), which is an extension of the traveling salesman problem with profits (TSPP). The class of new problems is put forward to address how to deal with stochastic customer presence under the environment in which an associated profit is obtained once a customer is visited. It is defined on a complete graph in which profits are associated with the vertices and travel costs are associated with the edges. Each vertex (customer) has a probability of requiring a visit. The objective is the simultaneous optimization of the expected collected profits and expected travel costs. According to the way the two objectives (profits and travel costs) are addressed, TSPPSC is categorized into three subproblems. Mathematical formulations are provided for these problems and a genetic algorithm is proposed to solve one of these subproblems. Computational experiments conducted on several sets of instances show a good performance of the proposed algorithm.
Formulating and solving a radio astronomy antenna connection problem as a generalized cable‐trench problem: an empirical study
Authors: Zyma Kenneth , Girard Julien N. , Landquist Eric , Schaper Gregory , Vasko Francis J.
Published: June 2016

The low‐frequency array, LOFAR, is the world's largest connected low‐frequency (LF) radio telescope, combining antenna arrays from across Western Europe into a single telescope. A major extension of an existing LOFAR component in Nançay, France, is currently being developed. The prototype design for this extension consists of a network of 96 LF radio telescope antenna arrays distributed across a 400 × 450 m area. A significant portion of the project's cost involves connecting each antenna array directly to a central control facility via a buried coaxial cable. In his 2013 doctoral dissertation, Girard proposed a cabling layout with the goal of minimizing the total cost to dig the trenches and lay the cables, by modeling the problem as a cable‐trench problem (CTP). In this paper, we will discuss Girard's approach and then formulate the problem as a generalized CTP (GCTP) in order to handle physical obstacles more efficiently. To improve upon Girard's solution, we will first apply variations of Prim's algorithm to analyze a number of different GCTPs, based on a variety of cost parameters. Next, we will show that the mixed‐integer linear programming formulation of the GCTP finds even better cable and trench layouts using CPLEX. Finally, we will use a new multicommodity flow formulation of the GCTP to find provably optimal solutions using CPLEX. This work has implications beyond the installation in development in Nançay, as any future component of LOFAR can apply the techniques discussed in this paper to significantly reduce construction costs.