bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is elongated styloid process a potential forewarning for failure in oral submucous fibrosis management?
Authors: Patel Shital Mayank , Mehta Deval Shailesh , Rupawala Taher Abbas , Shah Naiya Hitesh , Makwana Sanjay Vinubhai , Bhimani Kruna Kantibhai
Published: December 2020

Oral submucous fibrosis is a widespread, premalignant disorder causing severe difficulty in mastication and speech. With high rate of malignant conversion, it demands aggressive surgical therapy followed by mandatory long-term physiotherapy. An elongated styloid process, if present, could pose a strong hindrance to movement of mandible, leading to complete relapse of trismus in such cases. The purpose of this report is to elaborate on such co-existence in patients having oral submucous fibrosis using digital orthopantomogram. 3 patients suspected to have an elongated styloid process were referred to maxillofacial surgical unit and diagnosed with grade 4A oral submucous fibrosis. Digital orthopantomogram revealed elongated styloid process which was measured using the C. S. imaging software 7.0.3. Consequently, patients were operated by a team of maxillofacial surgeons and otolaryngologists to relieve trismus and tonsillo-styloidectomy respectively. The measured lengths of the styloid process on digital orthopantomogram were considered elongated, if exceeding the normal length of 30 mm. The measured lengths of the styloid process were found to be at 52.7 mm, 50.1 mm and 57 mm on the right side and 51 mm, 46.8 mm and 37 mm on left side respectively in our cases. These elongated styloid processes observed in all three cases of submucous fibrosis indicates that progressive fibrosis may exert significant influence on the ossification of styloid complex. Hence, a routine preoperative screening in all patients of oral submucous fibrosis is imminent to avoid postoperative failure, pain or discomfort to the patient owing to an elongated styloid process.   
Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Vibrio cholerae isolates at a tertiary care health laboratory
Authors: Kulkarni Sudheendra , Chillarge Chandrakanth
Published: December 2020

is a common causative agent of acute diarrheal disease across the world. Significant variations in epidemiological pattern and in vitro susceptibility of isolates are commonly observed. Emerging and progressive antibiotic resistance is frequently reported

The aim and objective of conducting the current study was; To find out the epidemiological profile of cholera cases isolated from Bidar and surrounding area. To find out the antibiotic resistance pattern of these isolated enteropathogens

The current study was carried out at tertiary care medical centre in Bidar, Karnataka for the period of 4 years from 2012-2015. A total of 310 fecal specimens were collected from clinically symptomatic (diarrheic/dysentric) individuals. The collected fecal samples were processed for commonly isolated enteropathogens by standard bactreriological methods. The colonies suspective of were identified by standard biochemical reactions and serological confirmation was done by using specific antisera. Kirby-bauer’s disc diffusion method in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines was employed to find out the antimicrobial susceptibility profile.

Out of 310 fecal samples, biotype was isolated from 95 samples (30.64%). Among 95 isolated strains 70 (73.68%) were belonged to serotype Ogawa, 15 to Inaba (15.78%) and 10 to Hikozima (10.52%). The isolated strains proved multi drug resistant to ampicillin and nalidixic acid and uniformly sensitive to tetracycline, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin.

Our study revealed that, cholera cases in North Karnataka are found to be prevalent among age group of 15-25 and in females. The current study showed the importance of control and monitoring of by serogroup and antibiogram typing for policy makers and health professionals of this region as incidence of cholera increased year wise.
The development of the intellectual abilities of students in teaching foreign language in the field of professional communication based on the case-study method
Authors: Kireeva I.A. , Sidorkina L.S.
Published: December 2020

The relevance of the research in the article is due to the fact that modern professional activity requires a scientific approach and analysis from a specialist, therefore, the problem of developing the intellectual abilities of students again acquires a priority focus. The purpose of the study is to identify and substantiate the pedagogical conditions for the development of students' intellectual abilities when teaching a foreign language in the field of professional communication based on the case-study method. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that its results allow clarifying the basic concept of the case-study method and highlighting its components, as well as developing a pedagogical model. The practical significance of the research results lies in the fact that the pedagogical conditions aimed at the development of the intellectual abilities of students in teaching a foreign language in the field of professional communication based on the case-study method are identified and substantiated. As a result, a developed system of criteria and pedagogical tools was introduced into the practice of teaching a foreign language in the field of professional communication to assess the development levels of students' intellectual abilities based on the case-study method.
Defects in the Interpretation of Provisions of the Law of Arbitral Procedure in the Modern Judicial Practice
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Saratov State University Associate Professor of the Department of Commercial Procedure of the Saratov State Law Academy PhD (Law), Potapenko Evgeniy G.
Published: December 2020

The article gives examples of flaws in the interpretation of the rules of arbitration procedural law which are common in modern legal practice. It is noted that the tendency to simplification of the civil process, which is evidently manifested in lawmaking, is also characteristic of legal interpretation activities. The interpretation does not take into account the systemic connections of procedural norms. It leads to the fact that in practice legal provisions are formulated, they significantly affect the arbitration procedural form — the system of basic procedural guarantees. The author criticizes the approach to the simplification of the civil process through the interpreting of procedural norms. The article expresses a position on the establishment of boundaries of interpretation which should be limited by a system of principles and procedural guarantees.
Exercising of Constitutional Justice in Luxembourg and Liechtenstein: The Foreign Experience
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines of the Kazan Branch of the Russian State University of Justice PhD (Law), Yun Larisa V.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the implementation of constitutional justice in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Principality of Liechtenstein. The author carries out a comparative legal analysis of the constitutional norms enshrined in the national legislation of the states under consideration. In Luxembourg, one of the features of constitutional justice is the consideration of cases through preliminary constitutional review. In Liechtenstein, the constitutionality is checked taking into account the innovations of international treaties.
On the Future of a Criminal Procedure Arrest in Bankruptcy Proceedings
Authors:   Presiding Judge of the Commercial Court of Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad Region PhD (Law), Shevchenko Ilya M.
Published: December 2020

The author asserts that the question on the fate of a criminal procedure arrest after a winding up procedure is introduced against the debtor depends on the solvation of a fundamental problem of how does a state as a sovereign relate with the state as a proprietor. The state acting it the first essence cannot create preferences for itself acting in the second essence.
Official Crimes in the Russian Province of the XVIII Century: The Judicial Practice of the Novgorod Governorate
Authors:   Head of the Department of Theory of State and Law of the Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University LL.D., Associate Professor, Mitina Svetlana I.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the factors that determined the high crime rate among officials in the Russian province of the 18th century. On the example of the Novgorod province, the features of the law enforcement practice of the judicial authorities on malfeasance are characterized. The reasons for the ineffectiveness of state policy on combating crimes of official malfeasance are determined.
The Issue of Ottoman Suzerainty over Cirkassia: The Character of the Vassal Relationship
Authors:   Head of the Department of Administrative and Constitutional Law of the Adyghe State University PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Dzybova Saida G. , Shaov Ibragim K. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Administrative and Constitutional Law of the Adyghe State University PhD (Law)
Published: December 2020

In the Ottoman imperial system, the principle of vassal connection with the conquered and controlled lands was widely used. The vassal-overlord character of relations with the border states was laid in the early Ottoman period, when the Ottoman sultans gradually conquered the post-Seljuk and Turkmen emirates of Anatolia. The Ottoman regime here was distanced and mediated in nature, since the local Turkic and Muslim dynasties retained a significant part of their former possessions and had the right of almost unchallenged administration in hereditary possessions. Thus, the vassal principle came from the internal organization of the Ottoman state and at the same time reflected the urgent political need to co-opt numerous regional (Turkic, but not Ottoman; non-Turkic) elites. The political and legal connection of the Circassian state-like formations (“principalities”, “possessions”, “societies”, “tribes”) with the Ottoman state dates back to the last third of the XV century.
The Attribute and Mode of Right Restriction
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil and Arbitration Proceedings of the Crimean Branch of the Russian State University of Justice Presiding Judge of the Commercial Court of the Republic of Crimea PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Latynin Oleg A.
Published: December 2020

The article attempts to substantiate the characterization of legal restrictions in two interdependent aspects — attribute and mode. It is shown that the attribute is an identification sign, and modes are signs of a situational value. The elements of attribution of legal restriction as a legal tool necessary for the search for legal solutions are revealed.
The Zenzeli Assembly: A Common Law Reformation Attempt on the Way Towards Integration to the All-Russian Legal Framework
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Kalmyk Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shurguchieva Viktoria S.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the imperial policy of integrating non-Russian suburbs into the legal space of the Russian state on the example of the Kalmyk nobility meeting held in 1822 in p. Zenzeli of the Astrakhan province. On the basis of documentary sources identified in the funds of the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia, an analysis was made of the process of preparation and holding of the congress of Kalmyk nobility and clergy, who sought to preserve the privileges granted by the imperial persons earlier. The microhistorical study allowed to review in detail the measures proposed by local officials to reform the judicial system in Kalmykia, which served as a kind of legislative initiative. A distinctive feature of the imperial policy in the field of judicial organization and legal proceedings in relation to nomadic aliens was its dualism: on the one hand, the desire to eliminate the independence of the judiciary, on the other — the sanctioning of customary law and the preservation of national institutions. An attempt by representatives of the privileged strata of the Kalmyk people to preserve their independence in the sphere of the judicial system and legal proceedings failed. In conclusion, the author concludes that the judicial system and legal proceedings of foreigners, based on customary law norms, did not correspond to the aspirations of the central authorities aimed at unifying the legal system.
Noble metal mineralization in apatite titanomagnetite ores of the Suroyam massif (Middle Urals)
Authors: Saveliev Dmitry E. , Blinov Ivan A.
Published: December 2020

The mineralogical composition of apatite-titanomagnetite clinopyroxenites of the Suroyam massif, characterized by stable elevated contents of platinum group elements with the leading role of palladium, has been studied. In association with accessory chalcopyrite, palladium and silver minerals have been identified – mertieite, merenskyite, hessite. It has been suggested that the presence of intrinsic mineral phases of palladium, represented by tellurides and arsenides-antimonides, allows us to consider the Suroyam massif as a promising deposit of complex Pd-P-Fe ores.
STUDENTS’ READING BASED-MAIN IDEAS ON PASSAGES AT THE SECONDARY EDUCATION
Authors: Gandjarwati Yogo
Published: December 2020

Reading comprehension is crucial skill for both English as a Second Language (ELS) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. To develop the students’ reading  ability, the use of main idea of paragraphs in comprehending the passage  becomes an alternative solution to be used in teaching. This study is categorized as a Classroom Action Research (CAR). It was applied in use of main idea of paragraphs in comprehending the passage to improve the students’ reading skills. The population of the study is 36 students at the second year students of SMAN 1 Kauman. The instruments of the study consisted of reading test and questionnaries. Based on the research finding  that the students’ reading skill and their motivation were still low, as it was indicated in pre-study, the score result was under KKM or the average score is 65 ,55. Therefore, the researcher tried to apply  the use of reading based main ideas on coomprehending  passages to improve the reading skill. The writer found in the first cycle the average score is 77,00. The next cycle done by the writer repaired the strategy in teaching   reading through main idea of paragraphs. It was proved that the students’ score average is 80,22. They passed and got the better score than previous result.  It’s concluded that the use of main idea of paragraphs in comprehending the passage was able to improve the students’ reading skill. The students’ interest in reading comprehension through main idea of paragraphs is also good. It has shown  the result of questionnaire (83,33%).
INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING FOR STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL IMPROVEMENT: VOICES AND REALITIES FROM THE GROUND
Authors: Irham Irham , Jayanti Septia Dwi
Published: December 2020

To improve the students’ speaking proficiency is one of key focuses in EFL teaching. However, most students at intensive English (IE) program administered by the Language Center in the University of MI (pseudonym), one of state universities in Malang, still encounter several major problems in speaking English such as that they do not know what to say, they frequently get stuck, or they have such high levels of anxiety. These contribute much to the students’ limited speaking competence. Therefore, the current paper examines teaching and learning practice in IE program which focuses on speaking and listening skills and aims at formulating the appropriate implementation of inquiry-based learning to improve the students’ speaking skills. The data were collected through oral presentation test, questionnaire, field-notes, and interview. The criteria of success are that (1) every student gets a minimum score of 70, and (2) 75% of the class has positive attitude toward the strategy. The findings of the study revealed that the strategy could indeed improve the students’ speaking skill. In addition, it could increase their self-esteem as well as encouraged them to involve more in the learning processes. Such values might be gained when the strategy takes the steps which facilitate the students to: (1) respond several guiding questions which stimulate investigation; (2) investigate some texts, real objects, pictures, or persons to gather the required information; (3) create new ideas by discussing the information with peers; (4) present the ideas in front of the class; and (5) reflect on their own performance.
The Effect of Seed Weight on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.
Authors:   Pusat Penelitian Konservasi Tumbuhan dan Kebun Raya, LIPI, Surya Muhammad Imam , Normasiwi Suluh ,   Pusat Penelitian Konservasi Tumbuhan dan Kebun Raya, LIPI, Ismaini Lily ,   Pusat Penelitian Konservasi Tumbuhan dan Kebun Raya, LIPI, Kurniawan Vandra ,   Pusat Penelitian Konservasi Tumbuhan dan Kebun Raya, LIPI, Putri Dwinda Mariska ,   Pusat Penelitian Konservasi Tumbuhan dan Kebun Raya, LIPI
Published: December 2020

Loquat, a fruit crops, has been naturalized in Indonesia. Moreover, seed quality is an important factor for generative propagation of loquat. Based on field observation, there was variation on seed size of loquat. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effect of seed size on the germination and seedling growth of loquat. This research was compiled using a Randomized Complete Design with four different seed groups as treatments. The loquat seeds were obtained from Danau Toba region and grouped based on the weight of seeds, i.e. Grade I (<0.6 g), Grade II (0.6 - <0.9 g), Grade III (0.9 - 1.2 g) and Grade IV (> 1.2 g). Percentage of germination, abnormal seedling, plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, root length, fresh and dry weight of plant were observed during experiment. The results showed that seed size affected all the observed parameters, except the roots length. In order to obtain the high quality seedling of loquat, suggested to use loquat seed with seed weight more than 1.2 g.
Risk-based modeling of socio-ecological development within the Ob-Irtysh basin of Ugra
Authors:   LLC “MNP “Geodata", BREKHUNTSOV Anatoliy Mikhailovich , PETROV Yuriy Vladimirovich ,   LLC “MNP “Geodata", PROSKURIN Grigoriy Aleksandrovich ,   LLC “MNP “Geodata"
Published: December 2020

Relevance of the work. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is the largest oil producer in the country, which is associated with significant geoecological risks. Solving the problems of preserving the safety of the natural environment in a vast territory with a high anthropogenic load requires the attraction of new directions, taking into account the existing mechanisms of natural-climatic and socio-economic development within the Ob-Irtysh basin. Purpose of the work is to develop proposals for the implementation of a risk-oriented modeling model for the social and ecological development of the Ob-Irtysh basin of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra. Research method. Primary cartographic and semantic information on the territory of the Ob-Irtysh basin was collected and compared with data on the socio-economic development of the region; then modelling of the socioecological development of the territory based on a risk-based model was performed. Results. The socio-economic development of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra is associated with rational nature management within the boundaries of the Ob-Irtysh basin. For this purpose, appropriate information and telecommunications infrastructure have been created, and mechanisms for making management decisions in the field of environmental management have been formed on the basis of full-fledged risk-oriented information support. The proposed model makes it possible to create an effective organization of nature management, which allows the general public to be provided with full-fledged factual material that reflects the specifics of the development of the geoecological situation. Conclusions. Rational nature management in the Ob-Irtysh basin of Ugra can be effectively organized on the basis of risk-oriented modeling of socio-ecological development, on the basis of the full use of accumulated experience and information resources in the current political, socio-economic, infrastructural and climatic conditions
Chemical composition and age of monazite-(Ce) in granitoids of the crystalline basement from the South Yamal
Authors:   The Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of RAS, KHILLER Vera Vitalievna
Published: December 2020

The relevance of the work is due to the need to improve the method of chemical dating as applied to high-thorium accessory minerals, which are difficult to date by isotope research methods. Purpose of the work: study of the chemical composition of accessory monazite from granitoids of the crystalline basement of the South Yamal and determination of its age. Research methodology: quantitative analysis of the chemical composition of monazite was carried out using X-ray spectral electron probe microanalyzer CAMECA SX 100 (electron beam diameter from 1 μm, BSE, SE, Cat modes, determination of elements from beryllium to uranium). The spectra were obtained with the help of inclined wave spectrometers, the intensity was measured using analytical lines: Th Ma, U Mb, Pb Ma, Y La, Si Ka, Ca Ka, P Ka, Ce La, La La, Pr Lb, Nd La, Sm Lb, Dy La, Gd Lb. The age calculation was carried out according to the well-known methods of foreign authors in addition to some developments of the author. Results. The chemical composition of monazite makes it possible to classify it as a cerium variety, the content of radiogenic components varies greatly (in wt.%): ThO2 – 5.37–16.31, UO2 – 0.40–0.81, PbO – 0.08–0,19. There are significant concentrations of SiO2 (up to 3.5 wt.%), Y2 O3 (up to 1.8 wt.%) and CaO (up to 1.2 wt.%). It turns out that monazite implements hattonite (Th4+(U4+)+Si4+ → REE3++P5+) and cheralite (Th4+(U4+)+Ca2+(Sr2+,Ba2+,Pb2+) → 2REE3+) isomorphism types. The decent content of lead and high crystallinity of the substance makes it possible to use this mineral as a geochronometer mineral. Conclusions. New data on the chemical composition of monazite have been obtained, and the late Permian age of granitoids has been determined by microprobe dating. The values of the point U–Th–Pb ages of monazite together give a weighted average age of 256 ± 10 Ma (MSWD = 0.15) and an isochron of 254 ± 19 Ma (MSWD = 0.28), which almost ideally coincides with the results of isotopic U–Pb zircon dating from the same rock, 254 ± 3 Ma.
Conformities distribution contents diamond in kimberlites pipes Yakutian province
Authors:   The Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of RAS, DVORNIK Gennadiy Petrovich
Published: December 2020

The relevance of the work is due to the importance industrial meaning deposits kimberlites type in the production jewelers and technical diamonds. Purpose of the work: study conformities of distribution concentrations diamonds in kimberlites pipes. Factual material: representative data on the sampling prospecting bores and mining excavations with determination contents diamonds in the samples kimberlites and their chemical composition (1911 analyses). Results research. Middle Paleozoic kimberlites pipes Yakutian province on the level contents diamonds subdivide on the three groups: highly productive (pipes Botuobinskaya, Nurbinskaya, Aikhal, Internatsionalnaya, Mir), middle productive (pipes Udachnaya-west, Udachnaya-east, Sytykanskaya, Jybileinaya) and low productive (pipe Komsomolskaya). For highly productive pipes characteristically predominance in percentage samples with very high and high contents diamonds, for middle productive pipes – prevalence samples with middle and low concentrations diamonds, for low productive Komsomolskaya pipe-predominace samples with low contents diamonds. In the kimberlites pipes grow amplitude variability from even to extremely uneven distribution concentrations diamonds on measure diminution their productivity. In the majority study kimberlites pipes with different on upper, middle and low horizons in the intervals of depth from 0 to 1260 metres settled conforming lowering middle concentrations diamonds on the more deep horizons deposits. Show in kimberlites pipes hydrothermal-metasomatic processes carbonatization and quartz influenced on distribution contents diamonds in their. In higly and middle productive pipes province as a result of development these processes marked conforming diminution middle concentrations diamonds in carbonatizated and quartz kimberlites in comparison with their contents in faintly altered kimberlites.
On the stratigraphy and tectonics of Zilair synclinorium of the Urals
Authors:   The Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of RAS, IVANOV Kirill Svyatoslavich , PUCHKOV Victor Nikolaevich ,   The Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of RAS
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the work was to study the tectonic structure of the Zilair synclinorium of the Western slope of the southern Urals, which is important both from the general scientific point of view and for the needs of oil and gas prospecting of the territory. The main method of research was a detailed study of the stratigraphy of key sites with the search for conodonts in siliceous rocks. We also used data from seismic profiling of the territory. Result of work. The Zilair synclinorium of the southern Urals is an asymmetrically different facies structure; its Western and Eastern wings are composed of deposits belonging to different facies zones – the shelf (neritic) in the West and the continental slope and rise (bathyal) in the East. In the axial zone of the synclinorium, among the Famennian graywacke deposits of the Zilair series, several sites composed of cherts are known. It was believed, that the cherts are of Silurian age and are the klippes of a very large overthrust belonging to the ophiolite association. According to occurences of conodonts, we have established that all these cherts have Devonian, mainly Frasnian age. They are not klippes of an overthrust, but the central parts of the anticlinal folds, complicated by steep thrusts. According to our data, the real overthrust with a great horizontal amplitude is Pokrovsky, where two facial zones come into an abrupt contact without any transition between them.
Development and distribution of aeolian processes within the Belgorod region, their impact on the environment
Authors:   Belgorod National Research University, SARYCHEV Dmitriy Viktorovich , SARYCHEV Aleksandr Viktorivich ,   Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation named After I. D. Putilin, ARKHIPTSEV Ivan Nikolaevich ,   Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation named After I. D. Putilin, DEMCHENKO Nikolay Viktorovich ,   Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation named After I. D. Putilin, RYBAL’CHENKO Anton Yur’evich ,   Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation named After I. D. Putilin
Published: December 2020

The paper describes the results of the study of development and distribution of aeolian processes within the Belgorod region, as well as their impact on the environment. A description of natural and anthropogenic factors causing wind erosion is given. The relevance of the work lies in the intensification of deflation; in this regard, there is a need for a deeper study of this topic and the search for solutions to neutralize or eliminate negative consequences. The purpose of the study is to give a detailed description of relief formation caused by wind activity, to assess the consequences of manifestation of aeolian processes on the ecological situation. The author of the paper reveals the process of soil change, which occurs by the destruction of the earth’s surface due to strong winds, the speed of which can exceed 15 m/s. Winds carry aeolian material in the form of a dry suspension from the center of blowing over long distances. The research used the methods of system analysis. The ideas and principles of geomorphology and landscape science were the main methodological basis of the study. The concept of geosystem natural-economic monitoring was also used by the author. Conclusions. The main reasons for emergence and rapid activation of deflation processes are human economic activity and non-compliance with agrotechnical measures. When drawing up plans to eliminate the negative consequences of wind erosion, the main attention should be paid to improving soil protection measures, taking into account the peculiarities of natural landscapes and principles of ecology. The author of the paperidentifies the areas of distribution of aeolian processes within the territory of the Belgorod region. It is noted that aeolian processes affect the climate and the environment, worsen the condition of agricultural lands in the region.
Accountability in the Ghanaian local governance structure: probing the role of external auditing
Authors: Maama Haruna , Marimuthu Ferina
Published: December 2020

The roles of external auditors have been under the spotlight due to the strategic positions they occupy to ensure accountability by public sector managers. This study examines the role of the external auditors in the accountability regime of the Ghanaian local governance structure. The study analyzed the annual reports of the Auditor General (AG) on all the metropolitan, municipal, and district assemblies (MMDAs) in Ghana from 2010 to 2018 through a content analysis method. The analysis revealed that Ghanaian audit activities had mainly focused on internal control effectiveness, cash management, contract management, revenue management, expenditure management, payroll management, and procurement management. However, the study found that the focus of the external auditors kept expanding as the years progressed. The evidence showed that the auditors excluded performance audits in their scope of work. The findings of the study further revealed that the MMDAs had recurring, repetitive, and common audit queries, comprising cash; procurement and stores; contract and tax irregularities. Besides, the audit recommendations were in response to the specific audit queries on the various financial and operational irregularities. Based on the analysis, the study concludes that the external auditing in Ghana has marginally contributed to accountability in the MMDAs. The study recommends that the scope of the external audit should include performance auditing.
ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ НА БИОПЛЕНКУ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ
Authors:   Ташкентская медицинская академия Узбекистан, З.А. Нурузова , Р.А. Байматов , С.Т. Жумамуродов
Published: December 2020

This article analyzes the last 10-year review of the literature on the structure and factors of influence on the biofilm of microorganisms, collected materials on the results of the effects of substances of both plant origin and chemical nature. Information is given on whether they can contribute to the formation of biofilms or, on the contrary, to its destruction
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА НАРУШЕНИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРИ ОБЪЕМНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ ГИПОФИЗА У ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ
Authors:   Ташкентский педиатрический медицинский институт, Ю.М. Урманова , У.Х. Мавлонов ,   Бухарский областной эндокринологический диспансер
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study was to study the nature of developmental disorders in children and adolescents with masses of the Turkish saddle. Material and methods. 44 children and adolescents with large tumors of the Turkish saddle (TS) were under our supervision in the neuroendocrinology department of the RSNPMCE MH RUz. Of 44 sick girls there were 20, boys 24. The average age of girls was 12.1 years, boys - 12.8 years. By the nature of the pathology, the patients were divided into 5 groups: I group. - inactive pituitary adenomas (NAG) - 23 patients (52.3%); II gr. - Itsenko-Cushing's disease - 5 (11.4%); III gr. - craniopharyngioma - 6 (13.6%); IV gr. - prolactinoma - 5 b-x (11.4%); V gr. - germinoma - 5 bx (11.4%). Results. The results obtained indicate that in children and adolescents there are TJ masses of various origins: inactive pituitary adenomas (52%), craniopharyngiomas (13.6%), corticotropinomas (11.4%), prolactinomas (11.4%), and others. The presence of diabetes insipidus (8.6%) indicates the severity of panhypopituitarism that developed as a result of the tumor. Conclusions: 1) disorders of growth and puberty are the most frequent manifestations of pituitary gland masses (34.0%), 2) pituitary tumors in children and adolescents often lead to hypo- and panhypopituitarism (n = 19, or 43.2%).
Natural Gas Potential of Pakistan an Important Parameter in Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Shar Abdul Majeed
Published: December 2020

Climate change is one of the most challenging issues in Pakistan and has affected humans in every sphere of life. Pakistan is ranked on 8th in the world among the countries emitting Greenhouse gases (GHG). Such an extensive emission of GHG is due to the growing number of industrial units and urban centres consuming fossil fuels that emit GHG at a large scale. Mitigating the GHG emission indeed is a challenge for Pakistan. This manuscript highlights the GHG emission status and provides recommendations with suitable alternatives to mitigate the emission. Simultaneously, the study explores the impact of switching over the fuels from conventional fossil fuels to unconventional natural gas as a source of energy for domestic use, transportations and industrial sectors to mitigate the GHG emission. Natural gas is considered as green fuel due to the low carbon emission ratio as other fuels e.g. coal and oil. If Pakistan becomes successful in exploring and exploiting the indigenous untapped natural gas resources, that will eventually support in reducing the GHG emissions. This is only possible by making new natural gas reservoir discoveries. Discovering new gas reservoirs from unconventional resources is also very challenging and requires investment and modification in existing energy policies. In addition, the government should encourage the Exploration Production (EP) companies to exploit the hidden natural gas potential that will assist in both alleviating the energy deficit and reducing the GHG emission. The findings of the present study analysis have substantial implications regarding GHG mitigation, energy transition, and economic development.
Housing Affordability among Middle-Income Earners in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Kadir Juliana Mohd , Subramaniam Geetha , Ghazali Imaduddin
Published: December 2020

Significant changes in the Malaysian housing market in the last decade has resulted in critical housing affordability issues among the middle-income earners. This study examines the issue of housing affordability among middle-income earners in Selangor, Malaysia. The main aim of the study is to investigate the effect of housing price, income, housing choice and housing policies on housing affordability. Using a purposive sampling technique, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 200 respondents. The results show that housing price, housing choice and housing policies significantly affect housing affordability. Policy implications include building more affordable houses for middle-income earners with no frills.
Keywords: housing affordability; middle-income, M40, Malaysia, SDG
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2514.
Spotlight on Older Adults in Swallowing Research
Authors:   U niversity of Auckland, Building 507, 22-30 Park Ave, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand, Jardine Marie , Miles Anna , Allen Jacqui
Published: December 2020

Generalisations and misconceptions about ageing and swallowing can influence clinical opinion. Assumptions about swallowing function based on someone’s age risk overmedicalising or, conversely, undertreating older patients. Evidence suggests that increased prevalence of swallowing problems in older age is attributed to pathology known to affect swallowing function, or an unrelated serious illness and combination of health factors, and not ageing itself. This review highlights factors clinicians should consider when interpreting studies involving older adults and recommends methodological parameters for those researching swallowing with older participants.
Ханша Дарма-Бала — сторонник воссоединения калмыков с Джунгарией
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, Toropitsyn Ilya V.
Published: December 2020

The article focuses on political events in the history of Kalmyk khanate in the first half of the XVIII century and the role of the khan’s wife Darma-Bala. Coming from the ruling family of Jungaria and becoming the wife of Auka khan, Darma-Bala didn’t forget about her motherland and played a significant role in the life of Kalmyk khanate. The article looks into the political views of Darma-Bala on the development of the Kalmyk society. It analyses various steps she took after the death of her husband Auka khan in order to tighten the bonds of Kalmyks with Jungaria. In particular, the article keeps track of Darma-Bala’s different contacts with the representatives of Jungaria khanate, it gives the evidence and opinions verifying her intention to move back to Jungaria with some of the uluses. It gives the ground for assumption that through all her life in the Kalmyk khanate DarmaBala was the fervent advocate of the idea of unification of Mongolian tribes and maintained the policy of reunification of Kalmyks with Jungars that she couldn’t implement due to various internal and external reasons.
Историография Калмыцкой организации ВЛКСМ в 20–30-е гг. XX в.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Okonov Baatr A.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the process of the study of the history of the AllUnion Leninist Young Communist League in the republic of Kalmykia, points out the main stages of historiography, gives analysis of the general national and regional literature on the topic in question. The literature analysis shows that despite its fair number there are still unsolved problems in the topic research. The history of the regional Komsomol organizations is still not thoroughly investigated. The first works on the history of Komsomol in Kalmykia were published in 1960s–1970s of the last century. In the last decades there has been a new approach in the analysis and evaluation of the activities of the Komsomol organizations that is free of the stereotypes and dogmas formed in the Soviet context. However, there still is no fundamental research on the history of the Komsomol movement that covers the whole period from the moment of its establishment in XX century until now. Moreover, many aspects of the regional Komsomol organizations in the pre-war period require additional research and understanding. Most of the modern studies discuss different aspects of the given topic; however, there is not any integrated research.
Халх голын дайнд оролцсон халимаг дайчид (О калмыцких военных — участниках событий на Халхин-Голе)
Authors:   “Tod nomin gerel” Center for the Study of the Oirat Language, History and Culture, Norovsambuu Naranzhargal
Published: December 2020

The author describes the history of the military collaboration of the Kalmyks and Mongols and their participation in the battles of Khalkhin-Gol in 1939 based on the archive materials, mass media publications, memoirs of the participants and researchers. Mongol-Kalmyk collaboration hiked in 1920s and was wound down by 1925 and most of the Kalmyk military experts left Mongolia. In the summer of 1939 the military events at the river KhalkhinGol caused sending the Kalmyk military experts and junior commanders back to Mongolia where they took part in the battles. Among the participants of that event were M. T. Bimbaev, L. S.Erendzhenov, M. Kalykov and many others who were honored with military awards. Many of them were deported later and after coming back from Siberia worked in Kalmykia. The clear illustration of Kalmyks being proud of their compatriots who fought for the independence of Mongolia is naming one of the streets in Elista Khalkhin-Gol – in honor of the great victory.
Perilaku Digiseksual dalam Al-Quran
Authors: Asih Wiji Nur
Published: December 2020

In this most recent era, sexuality has found a new form that is inseparable from the sophistication of technology that shapes the face of sexual digitalization / digisexuality. This research seeks to describe Al-Qur'an's view of digital behavior from the perspective of Maqashid Syari'ah Al-Ghazali. This research was conducted using qualitative methods and taking data from various literature (library research). In this study, the writer used the theory of maqÄá¹£Ä«d al-syarÄ«'ah which was initiated by Al-Ghazali to analyze the verses about sexuality to obtain Al-Qur'an's view on digisexuality. The results of this study indicate that digital behavior when viewed from the aspects of Maqashid Al-Syar'ah, including protection of the soul, mind, religion, descent, and property has many shortcomings and does not achieve the purpose of sexuality by the guidance of the Al-Qur'an.
The Concept of The Mahdi Priest by Shiah
Authors: Haqqy Ahmad Muzayyan
Published: December 2020

The concept of Imam Mahdi is a concept of a character who will appear at the end of time and is awaited by his people. In the discussion of Imam Mahdi in the Shia Imamiyah, it is explained that what is meant as Imam Mahdi is Imam Hasan al-Askari, namely the last Imam of the Shia Imamiyah who in his childhood disappeared and is believed to appear as Imam Mahdi at the end of time. The concept of Imam Mahdi has similarities and differences with the concept of Imam Mahdi in Ahlussunnah, Messiah in Judaism, and Jesus in Christianity. The similarity is that all will emerge at the end of time to strengthen each other's religions, while the difference is the character that each concept means is different. The Shia Imamiyah teachings explain that Imam Mahdi will act as 1) Heir and World Leader as described in Surah al-Qashash verses 5-6. 2) Reinforcement of Religion at the End of Time is found in Surah al-Nur verse 55 and Surah al-Taubah verse 33.3) Witnesses for its people are found in Surah al-Nisa verse 41, Surah al-Nahl verses 84 and 89, and Surah al- Qashash verse 75.
On the features of the implementation of the interval method for analytic hierarchy process in the problem of assessing the effectiveness of the employment service
Authors: Bogachenko N. F. , Lavrov D. N.
Published: December 2020

To determine the weight coefficients of the efficiency function of the employment service, the analytic hierarchy process and interval arithmetic were used. This made it possible to take into account the opinions of various experts without losing the consistency of the matrices of pairwise comparisons.
Substantiation of the Choice of Psychediagnostic Methods of Studying the Characteristics of “Clip Thinking”
Authors: Voloshinenko Liana I. , Meteleva Alexandra A.
Published: December 2020

The article provides an overview of the methods and techniques aimed at the study of clip thinking. The adequacy of previously developed methods for diagnosing intelligence and its features for studying the characteristics of clip thinking of cadets of a military high school is assessed. According to the selected psychometric and organizational criteria, a psychodiagnostic complex is selected to study the characteristics of clip thinking.
Self-Isolation Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Context of Personal Social Responsibility
Authors: Karpova Elvira B. , Nikolaeva Ekaterina A. , Udalova Viktoria A.
Published: December 2020

In the article we analyze various views on social responsibility in modern psychology. The COVID-19 pandemic is considered as a set of circumstances predisposed to the manifestation of social responsibility in behavior that is associated with compliance with restrictive measures. The possible relationships between social-demographic characteristics and social responsibility during the pandemic are analyzed. Also we consider possible factors which limit social responsibility in self-isolating behavior during COVID-19 pandemic.
Oil Palm Plantations, Forest Conservation and Indigenous Peoples in West Papua Province: What Lies Ahead?
Authors: Runtuboi Yubelince Y. , B. Permadi Dwiko , Sahide Muhammad Alif K. , Maryudi Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Oil palm plantations are currently expanding to the eastern part of Indonesia, especially in West Papua province. Many oil palm permits issued in West Papua occupy intact biodiversity-rich forest areas which have essential value for indigenous Papuans' socio-cultural life. This article discusses expansion of oil palm plantations in West Papua province, and its impacts on forests and indigenous people. It also assesses whether the plantations fit the Special Autonomy Law and Sustainable Development Regulation goals of the province. In general, plantations are being established in forest areas, and further planned expansion threatens intact and biodiversity-rich forests. In addition, plantation development rarely considers the socio-cultural issues of indigenous Papuans. As a result, customary rights and institutions are commonly overlooked, undermined, or violated. Oil palm plantations are not necessarily compatible with sustainable development regulation goals, and need to reconcile its overall economic and conservation agenda.