bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Implications of Fractional Flow Reserve Measured Immediately After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Csanádi Bettina , Ferenci Tamás , Fülöp Gábor , Piróth Zsolt
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the present study was to find the independent predictors of Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) measured immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent implantation (post-PCI FFR) and investigate if applying vessel-specific post-PCI FFR cut-off values to predict target vessel failure (TVF), a composite of cardiac death (CD), non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and target vessel revascularization (TVR), or a composite of CD and MI ameliorated its predictive power.

Methods

Consecutive patients with post-PCI FFR measurement at our center between 2009 and 2021 were included in this analysis.

Results

A total of 434 patients with 500 vessels were included. Median pre-PCI FFR was 0.72 with no difference between LAD and non-LAD vessels. Median post-PCI FFR was 0.87. LAD location, male gender, smaller stent diameter, and lower pre-PCI FFR proved to be significant predictors of a lower post-PCI FFR. On a vessel-level, post-PCI FFR, stent length, and diabetes mellitus proved to be significant predictors of TVF and the composite of CD and MI. The best post-PCI FFR cut-off to predict TVF or a composite of CD and MI was 0.83 in the LAD and 0.91 in non-LAD vessels.

Conclusion

LAD location is a predictor of a lower post-PCI FFR. Post-PCI FFR is an independent predictor of TVF as well as of the composite of CD and MI. No uniform target post-PCI FFR value exists; different cut-off values may have to be applied in LAD as opposed to non-LAD vessels.
The Intergenerational Transmission of Family Dissolution: How it Varies by Social Class Origin and Birth Cohort
Authors: Di Nallo Alessandro , Oesch Daniel
Published: February 2023

Children from separated parents are more likely to also experience the dissolution of their own union. For many children, parental separation thus is an adverse life course event that follows them into adulthood. We examine whether parents’ social class mitigates this adversity and weakens the intergenerational transmission of family dissolution for children from advantaged class origins. This is the case if separated parents with more resources are able to offer better living conditions to their children and keep them longer in education, reducing children’s incentives for early home-leaving, early cohabitation and early childbearing—three life course choices that increase the risk of later family dissolution. We analyse the existence of such a compensatory class advantage for three birth cohorts in the UK. Based on 38,000 life histories from two panel surveys (BHPS, UKLHS), we find a strong link between parents’ family dissolution and offspring’s family dissolution, and a reversal in the effect of parents’ class on children’s risk of family dissolution over the three birth cohorts of the Silent Generation (1925–45), Baby Boomers (1946–64) and Generation X (1965–79). However, there is no evidence that the intergenerational transmission of union dissolution is mitigated by a compensatory class effect for offspring from more advantaged class origins. Regardless of class origin, parents’ union dissolution is associated with a much larger risk of union dissolution among their offspring.
Period-Doubling Bifurcation of Cycles in Retarded Functional Differential Equations
Authors: Záthurecký Jakub
Published: February 2023

A rigorous description of a period-doubling bifurcation of limit cycles in retarded functional differential equations based on tools of functional analysis and singularity theory is presented. Particularly, sufficient conditions for its occurrence and its normal form coefficients are expressed in terms of derivatives of the operator defining given equations. We also prove the exchange of stability in the case of a non-degenerate period-doubling bifurcation. The approach concerns Fredholm operators, Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction and recognition problem for pitchfork bifurcation.
Structure preservation in complex prefields: A note on Müller (2018)
Authors: Schwarz Bernhard
Published: February 2023

Cases of apparent V3 order in German finite main clauses are commonly attributed to remnant VP movement to SpecC. The remnant VPs posited in this approach are headed by a trace, left behind by a verb that evacuated from VP prior to the movement of VP. Müller (2018) argued that such remnant VPs are subject to a process of restructuring that removes the verb’s trace and reassociates the phrases that depended on that head prior to its removal. This commentary discusses novel observations about operator scope which lend further support to the remnant movement approach to apparent V3, but which at the same time are inconsistent with the assumption that remnant VPs in the German prefield are always subject to restructuring.
Nonlinear frequency response curves estimation and stability analysis of randomly excited systems in the subspace framework
Authors: Anastasio D. , Marchesiello S.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the periodic solutions of nonlinear mechanical systems are studied starting from the nonlinear state-space model estimated using the nonlinear subspace identification (NSI) technique. In its standard form, NSI needs the input–output data from a nonlinear structure undergoing broadband excitation and requires the prior knowledge of the locations and kind of nonlinearities to be estimated. The method allows the estimation of the nonlinear features of the system and the indirect study of its periodic solutions using a single broadband excitation, without the need of feedback control loops. To this end, the nonlinear frequency response curves of the system are estimated merging the harmonic balance method with the NSI technique and using a continuation approach. Then, a monodromy-based stability analysis is developed in the nonlinear state-space framework to study the stability of the periodic solutions of the system and to track its bifurcations. The method is validated considering conservative nonlinearities on two numerical examples and one experimental application, the latter comprising a double-well oscillator with period-doubling phenomena. The effects of noise and nonlinear modeling errors are also evaluated.
Does Household Borrowing Reduce the Trade Balance? Evidence from Developing and Developed Countries
Authors: Xu Can , Jacobs Jan P. A. M. , Haan Jakob de
Published: February 2023

We examine the dynamic impact of household borrowing on the trade balance using data from 32 developing countries and 36 developed countries over the 1980-2020 period. Our findings suggest that the impact of household borrowing on the trade balance is negative, both in the short and long run, but the effects are more pronounced in developing countries. Moreover, we find that for developing countries the negative effect of household borrowing on the trade balance is achieved via boosting imports. In developed countries, household borrowing stimulates both imports and exports, where the effect on imports is larger.
Threshold estimation for jump-diffusions under small noise asymptotics
Authors: Kobayashi Mitsuki , Shimizu Yasutaka
Published: February 2023

We consider parameter estimation of stochastic differential equations driven by a Wiener process and a compound Poisson process as small noises. The goal is to give a threshold-type quasi-likelihood estimator and show its consistency and asymptotic normality under new asymptotics. One of the novelties of the paper is that we give a new localization argument, which enables us to avoid truncation in the contrast function that has been used in earlier works and to deal with a wider class of jumps in threshold estimation than ever before.
Channel capacity limit of multi-beam satellite system
Authors: Yang Mingchuan , Liu Botao , Yang Yupu , Xue Guanchang
Published: February 2023

The requests of broadband coverage area and the expected user demand is satisfied by the satellite industry by using multiple spot beams of high throughput satellites with fixed multi-beam pattern and footprint planning. The technology core of high-throughput satellite is multi-beam technology, and the means to efficiently reuse spectrum is a full-frequency reuse scheme. In order to study the channel capacity limit of multi-beam satellite systems, the Wiener-Gaussian access model of terrestrial cellular systems is analyzed in this paper. This paper analyzes the Wiener-Gaussian access model of terrestrial cellular systems, then considers the difference between the spatial characteristics and gain characteristics of the multi-beam satellite system compared with the terrestrial cellular system, and proposes a Wiener model suitable for the multi-beam satellite communication system. On this basis, the channel capacity limit of multi-beam satellites under different fading conditions is deduced when using optimal linear precoding and minimum mean square error precoding. It provides theoretical support for the in-depth study of the channel capacity mechanism and system performance of multi-beam satellites.
Preliminary investigation of the effects of sitting with and without short active breaks on muscle stiffness assessed with shear-wave elastography
Authors: Vöröš Pia , Kozinc Žiga
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this preliminary study was to compare the effects of 1-h sitting with and without short active breaks on muscle stiffness as measured by shear-wave elastography (SWE).

Methods

The participants (7 females, 3 males; age: 24.9 ± 1.2 years) completed two (with and without active breaks) 1-h sitting exposures on separate days. Active breaks (2–3 min) were performed at 20 min and 40 min time marks and comprised simple stretching and activation exercises. Before, during (30 min) and after (1 h) of sitting, shear modulus of upper trapezius, lumbar region of erector spinae and rectus femoris muscles was measured with SWE.

Results

Statistically significant effects of sitting exposure in erector spinae muscle stiffness were noted (p = 0.041; η2 = 0.38). There were no other statistically significant effects of sitting exposure or condition (with/without breaks).

Conclusions

Although few statistically significant effects were detected, the trends in this preliminary trial suggest that prolonged sitting increases muscle stiffness and warrants further investigation of short active breaks with larger sample sizes.
Adverse drug reactions in geriatric psychiatry—retrospective cohort study of a 6-year period
Authors: Heck Johannes , Noltemeyer Nina , Schulze Westhoff Martin , Deest-Gaubatz Stephanie , Schröder Sebastian , Krichevsky Benjamin , Simon Nicolas , Gerbel Swetlana , Friedrich Maximilian , Stichtenoth Dirk O. , Bleich Stefan , Frieling Helge , Groh Adrian
Published: February 2023

Objective

To investigate the frequency and characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that occurred on the gerontopsychiatric ward of Hannover Medical School over a 6-year period.

Design

Retrospective monocentric cohort study.

Results

Six hundred thirty-four patient cases (mean age 76.6 ± 7.1 years; 67.2% female) were analysed. In total, 92 ADRs in 56 patient cases were registered in the study population. The overall ADR prevalence, the ADR prevalence upon hospital admission, and the ADR prevalence during hospitalisation were 8.8%, 6.3%, and 4.9%, respectively. The most frequent ADRs were extrapyramidal symptoms, alterations in blood pressure or heart rate, and electrolyte disturbances. Of note, two cases of asystole and one case of obstructive airway symptoms related to general anaesthesia in the context of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were detected. The presence of coronary heart disease was associated with an increased risk of ADR occurrence (odds ratio (OR) 2.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–6.22), while the presence of dementia was associated with a decreased risk of ADR development (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.23–0.89).

Conclusions

Type and prevalence of ADRs in the present study were largely in accordance with previous reports. By contrast, we did not observe a relationship between advanced age or female sex and ADR occurrence. We detected a risk signal for cardiopulmonary ADRs related to general anaesthesia in the context of ECT that warrants further investigation. Elderly psychiatric patients should be carefully screened for cardiopulmonary comorbidities before initiation of ECT.
General figure and face-specific closure ability: predictors of trait-autism?
Authors: Walker Dana L. , Palermo Romina , Gignac Gilles E.
Published: February 2023

Little research has examined the association between general figure closure speed, a stratum I ability within the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model of intelligence, and face-specific closure ability; an important consideration, as some research suggests face processing is independent of other abilities. Additionally, figure closure ability (general and face) may correlate negatively with trait-autism, due to theorised autism-related difficulties in global processing. Therefore, in addition to developing a psychometrically robust short-form Mooney face detection task, we administered the Gestalt Figure Completion Test and the Autism Spectrum Quotient to a sample of 263 general community adults. We found convergent validity between face-specific and general figure closure ability (r = .44, 95%CI:[.30, .58]). Furthermore, based on a latent variable model, general figure closure ability was directly, and face-specific figure closure ability indirectly, negatively associated with trait-autism (i.e., nonverbal communication). We conclude that face detection ability evidences convergent validity with general figure closure ability and can be measured reliably in less than four minutes. Finally, a general, rather than face-specific, figure closure process may tap more directly into autism-like nonverbal communication ability, supporting the notion that global processing abilities of non-face objects may better reflect the requirements to ‘fill in the gaps’ in social contexts.
Factors of heavy social media use among 13-year-old adolescents on weekdays and weekends
Authors: You Yue-Yue , Yang-Huang Junwen , Raat Hein , van Grieken Amy
Published: February 2023

Background

Few studies have investigated which factors were related to adolescents’ social media use. This study aimed to evaluate which factors were associated with heavy social media use on weekdays and weekends among 13-year-old adolescents.

Methods

We analyzed data from 3727 children from the Generation R Study, a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands. Associations of demographic factors (child age, sex, ethnic background, and family situation), socioeconomic position (parental educational level, parental employment status, and net household income), screen-based behaviors (computer playing and TV viewing), and the home environment (communication, supervision, and restriction) with adolescents’ heavy social media use (≥ 2 hours/day) were assessed separately on weekdays and weekends. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied.

Results

The prevalence of heavy social media use was 37.7% on a weekday and 59.6% on a weekend day. Being a girl, living in a one-parent family, and more time spent playing on the computer were associated with heavy social media use on weekdays and weekends (all P < 0.05). Low socioeconomic position adolescents (low parental educational level and low household income) were more likely to show heavy social media use only on weekends (all P < 0.05). Children whose social media use was restricted by parents on weekdays or children whose social media use was supervised by parents on weekends had lower odds of heavy social media use (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Being a girl, living in a one-parent family, or having a longer computer playing time were associated with heavy social media use on weekdays and weekends. More studies are needed to understand the factors associated with heavy social media use and the impact of heavy social media use on child health.
Frauenhauskinder und ihr Weg ins Leben
Authors: Henschel Angelika
Published: February 2023

Häusliche Gewalt, die in Deutschland als Gewaltstraftat zwischen erwachsenen Personen in einer partnerschaftlichen Beziehung definiert wird und von der vor allem Frauen durch männliche Partner betroffen sind, hat auch Einfluss auf das Aufwachsen und die Entwicklung von Kindern. Seit 1976 versuchen Frauenhäuser in Deutschland den von Misshandlung betroffenen Frauen und ihren Kindern Schutz, Beratung und Unterstützung zuteilwerden zu lassen, um der Gewalt durch den eigenen Ehemann oder Partner zu begegnen. Kinder, die in diesen gewaltgeprägten Familien aufwachsen, tragen erhöhte Entwicklungsrisiken, denen durch äußere Schutzfaktoren im Sinne von Resilienzstärkung in Frauenhäusern begegnet werden kann, wenn hierfür geeignete Ressourcen zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Dieser Artikel stellt die zentralen Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie dar, um zu verdeutlichen, welchen Einfluss die vorübergehende Sozialisationsinstanz Frauenhaus für die Unterstützung der von häuslicher Gewalt betroffenen Kinder haben kann. Nachdem die Studie an verschiedenen australischen Universitäten vorgestellt wurde, weckte sie dort großes Interesse, sodass versucht werden soll, sie für Australien zu replizieren, um die von häuslicher Gewalt betroffenen Kinder und Jugendlichen auch dort zukünftig besser durch geeignete Maßnahmen adressieren und unterstützen zu können sowie die Politik aufzufordern, für die Bereitstellung entsprechender Ressourcen zu sorgen. Darüber hinaus wird verdeutlicht, dass Kooperationsbeziehungen zwischen Frauenhäusern und Institutionen der Jugendhilfe und des Kinderschutzes unter Berücksichtigung der Gewalterfahrungen der Mütter auf- bzw. ausgebaut werden sollten, um Entwicklungsrisiken von Kindern, die häusliche Gewalt innerhalb ihrer Familien erleben, im Sinne des Kindeswohls durch verbesserte Schutzkonzepte zukünftig besser begegnen zu können und zugleich die legitimen Schutzbedürfnisse und Rechte der Mütter zu erfüllen.
Pucciniastrum minimum is the causal agent of blueberry leaf rust on different Vaccinium species in Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Mesarich Carl H. , Kerckhoffs Huub , Hutchins Daniel , Sofkova-Bobcheva Svetla
Published: February 2023

Blueberry leaf rust has become a prevalent disease in New Zealand blueberry production. To identify the pathogen responsible for this disease in the Hawke’s Bay region of New Zealand, leaves showing signs or symptoms of rust infection were collected from three blueberry cultivars (‘Centra Blue’ [Rabbiteye], ‘Georgia Dawn’ [Southern Highbush] and ‘Nui’ [Northern Highbush]) and the pathogen subjected to morphological characterization using both scanning electron and bright-field microscopy. Meanwhile, genomic DNA was extracted from urediniospores of infected leaves collected from cultivar ‘Rahi’ (Rabbiteye) and the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region was sequenced and compared to the corresponding nucleotide sequence of known rust pathogens. Results from both experiments indicated that Pucciniastrum minimum (syn. Thekopsora minima) was the causal agent of blueberry leaf rust disease in Hawke’s Bay. Next, the level of disease caused by P. minimum was quantified on 23 blueberry cultivars in this region during the 2019 blueberry production season. Here, a total of 20 leaves selected from each cultivar were continually monitored, and the lesion area was calculated using ImageJ based on images taken in the field. Based on this analysis, all leaves were found to be infected by the rust pathogen. However, disease intensity, as a function of the ‘area under the disease progress curve’ (AUDPC) value, was found to be different. This suggests that certain cultivars display a lower disease intensity during the harvest season. Further field assessment covering a whole growing cycle will give a better understanding about blueberry leaf rust infection on these cultivars.
Sustainability assessment of the valorization scheme of used cooking oils (UCOs): the case study of Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Casas Laura C. , Orjuela Alvaro , Poganietz Witold-Roger
Published: February 2023

Harnessing of second-generation feedstocks via circular economy approaches is generally considered as environmentally friendly. Nonetheless, different potential impacts can be caused during collection and transformation of such feedstocks, affecting overall sustainability. Assessment of such impacts is of particular importance when producing waste-based biofuels. In this regard, this work’s aim was to carry out a sustainability assessment of the existing reclaiming and exploitation strategy of used cooking oil (UCO) in Bogota, Colombia. Currently, UCO is collected, pretreated, and mostly exported to Europe for biodiesel production. Based upon literature data and a life cycle assessment (LCA), several sustainability criteria were derived, measured, and interpreted within the framework of the integrative concept of sustainability (ICoS). As a reference system, results were compared with those obtained from assessing current production of first-generation palm-oil-based biodiesel. Results from LCA indicate that, per ton of UCO-based biodiesel, emissions of 1.06 kg PM2.5-eq, 2.54 kg NOx-eq, 607.6 kg CO2-eq, 2.81 kg SO2-eq, and 0.09 kg P-eq are generated and that there is use of 9.1 m3 water, and 259 kg oil-eq. UCO transportation and biodiesel production stages were the larger contributors to such impacts, and surprisingly, equivalent emissions of CO2 and fossil fuel consumption were higher than those of first-generation biodiesel. Nevertheless, UCO valorization displayed a better overall performance with respect to the reference system in terms of health, safety, environmental, economic, and social indicators. All impacts were reduced by 30 to 50% under a scenario of local production and consumption of biodiesel.
First detected geographical cluster of BoDV-1 encephalitis from same small village in two children: therapeutic considerations and epidemiological implications
Authors: Grosse Leonie , Lieftüchter Victoria , Vollmuth Yannik , Hoffmann Florian , Olivieri Martin , Reiter Karl , Tacke Moritz , Heinen Florian , Borggraefe Ingo , Osterman Andreas , Forstner Maria , Hübner Johannes , von Both Ulrich , Birzele Lena , Rohlfs Meino , Schomburg Adrian , Böhmer Merle M. , Ruf Viktoria , Cadar Dániel , Muntau Birgit , Pörtner Kirsten , Tappe Dennis
Published: February 2023

Background

The Borna disease virus (BoDV-1) is an emerging zoonotic virus causing severe and mostly fatal encephalitis in humans.

Methods and Results

A local cluster of fatal BoDV-1 encephalitis cases was detected in the same village three years apart affecting two children. While the first case was diagnosed late in the course of disease, a very early diagnosis and treatment attempt facilitated by heightened awareness was achieved in the second case. Therapy started as early as day 12 of disease. Antiviral therapy encompassed favipiravir and ribavirin, and, after bioinformatic modelling, also remdesivir. As the disease is immunopathogenetically mediated, an intensified anti-inflammatory therapy was administered. Following initial impressive clinical improvement, the course was also fatal, although clearly prolonged. Viral RNA was detected by qPCR in tear fluid and saliva, constituting a possible transmission risk for health care professionals. Highest viral loads were foundpost mortemin the olfactory nerve and the limbic system, possibly reflecting the portal of entry for BoDV-1. Whole exome sequencing in both patients yielded no hint for underlying immunodeficiency. Full virus genomes belonging to the same cluster were obtained in both cases by next-generation sequencing. Sequences were not identical, indicating viral diversity in natural reservoirs. Specific transmission events or a common source of infection were not found by structured interviews. Patients lived 750m apart from each other and on the fringe of the settlement, a recently shown relevant risk factor.

Conclusion

Our report highlights the urgent necessity of effective treatment strategies, heightened awareness and early diagnosis. Gaps of knowledge regarding risk factors, transmission events, and tailored prevention methods become apparent. Whether this case cluster reflects endemicity or a geographical hot spot needs further investigation.
Change in gliding properties of the iliotibial tract in hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Wang Tina J. , Stecco Antonio , Schleip Robert , Stecco Carla , Pirri Carmelo
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Fascial changes in hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS), a heritable connective tissue disorder, can be used visualized with sonoelastography. The purpose of this study was to explore the inter-fascial gliding characteristics in hEDS.

Methods

In 9 subjects, the right iliotibial tract was examined with ultrasonography. Tissue displacements of the iliotibial tract were estimated from ultrasound data using cross-correlation techniques.

Results

In hEDS subjects, shear strain was 46.2%, lower than those with lower limb pain without hEDS (89.5%) and in control subjects without hEDS and without pain (121.1%).

Conclusion

Extracellular matrix changes in hEDS may manifest as reduced inter-fascial plane gliding.
Was tun? Perspektiven für eine Unterrichtsqualitätsforschung der Zukunft
Authors: Begrich Lukas , Praetorius Anna-Katharina , Decristan Jasmin , Fauth Benjamin , Göllner Richard , Herrmann Christian , Kleinknecht Marc , Taut Sandy , Kunter Mareike
Published: February 2023

Die Unterrichtsqualitätsforschung hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten viel zum Verständnis der Merkmale beitragen, die einen qualitätsvollen Unterricht auszeichnen. Sie hat einflussreiche Modelle hervorgebracht, die eine gemeinsame Grundlage für die Erforschung des Unterrichts bereitstellen. Gleichzeitig bringen gesellschaftliche Veränderungsprozesse eine Neuorientierung des schulischen Unterrichts mit sich, und es lässt sich fragen, ob die Unterrichtsqualitätsforschung mit ihren bisherigen Ansätzen in der Lage ist, in Zukunft zum Gelingen von Unterricht beizutragen. Im Rahmen einer Zukunftswerkstatt hat das Leibniz-Netzwerk Unterrichtsforschung daher einen längerfristig angelegten Prozess gestartet, um sich mit dem Unterricht der Zukunft zu beschäftigen und zu versuchen, drängende Fragen und Handlungsfelder für die Unterrichtsqualitätsforschung zu identifizieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse dieses initialen Austauschs dar. Zudem wird ein Einblick in die gegenwärtige Arbeit im Netzwerk gegeben, die aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen der Zukunftswerkstatt eine Weiterentwicklung der Unterrichtsqualitätsforschung anstrebt.
Eco-Friendly Collectors for Flotation of Fine Hematite and Malachite Particles
Authors: Slabov Vladislav , Jain Garima , Larsen Erik , Kota Hanumantha Rao , Chernyshova Irina
Published: February 2023

The separation of fine mineral particles, especially using environmentally friendly approaches, is one of the main problems in the processing of low-grade ores and the re-processing of mining tailings. This work assesses the potential of biosurfactants as collectors in the flotation of ultrafine (smaller than 20 μm) particles of hematite and malachite. As biosurfactants, we test acetylated acidic (ac-ASL) and lactonic sophorolipids (ac-LSL). In addition, n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM) is used as a model non-ionic alkyl disaccharide surfactant, and sodium oleate (NaOl) is used as a reference. The biosurfactants are characterized using surface tension and foam analysis. The interaction of the minerals with the surfactants is characterized using zeta potential, solubility, and single-mineral flotation. The collecting properties of the surfactants are compared for the ultrafine (− 20 μm) and coarser (38–90 µm) particle size in the two-mineral flotation of hematite and malachite against quartz. The ultrafine particle size improves the grade in the oleate flotation of hematite, as well as the grades in the DDM flotation of hematite and malachite, which is explained by the weak interactions of the metal oxides with fatty acids and DDM. At the same time, the flotation with ac-LSL and ac-ASL is highly tolerant to the ultrafine particle size. These results indicate that biosurfactants are an interesting alternative to conventional petroleum-based surfactants in the flotation of Fe and Cu oxides. Moreover, a proper selection of surfactants can help combat the problem of fines.

Graphical Abstract
Interactive Input and Visualization for Planning with Temporal Uncertainty
Authors: Höhn Markus , Wunderlich Marcel , Ballweg Kathrin , Kohlhammer Jörn , Landesberger Tatiana von
Published: February 2023

When planning series of events or processes, everyone has to cope with temporal uncertainty. Popular examples are holiday planning or train trips. There are several approaches to visualize temporal uncertainty when temporal data and events are already defined, but common research usually does not take uncertainty into account, neither as input nor output. To develop our design, we considered a variety of common approaches for uncertainty visualization and used participatory evaluation to validate our concept. Our design aims at using this uncertainty visualization while sketching the plan interactively. The user may draw and connect a variety of activities using different graphical metaphors as hints for uncertainty. The sketches are immediately interpreted and turned into a visualization to check and validate the resulting plan. To evaluate our new visualization and interactive approach, we conducted a quantitative user study. With an average correctness of 81%, the study shows that the visualization and interaction design work well together and that scheduling plans containing temporal uncertainties can be externalized by the majority of participants without major difficulties.
The Circular Economy and Circular Building Practices in Luxembourg
Authors: Hild Paula
Published: February 2023

This article analyses the circular economy in Luxembourg using a retroductive approach to the study of practices. It presents the circular economy vision in Luxembourg as a governmental concept since 2015 that operationalises mainly within the building sector. Based on 66 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, the article expands on what circularity means for architects, engineers, and building firms. In this sense, the building sector in Luxembourg deals with three main topics: (a) circular design concepts, (b) circular materials management (i.e. materials passport), and (c) digitisation. The article discusses construction as a bundle of activities that constitutes shared meanings, materials, and competence. The findings illustrate that the circular economy foci in the literature and Luxembourg are path-dependent and mirror the European and national history of sustainability concepts in construction. If and how the circular economy and circular practices contribute to sustainable development in the country still needs consideration and monitoring.
Temporal variation of wall flow and its influences on energy balance of the building wall
Authors: Chen Yichen , Wang Shaopeng , Yang Xinyan , Fan Yifan , Ge Jian , Li Yuguo
Published: February 2023

The characteristics of energy balance and heat transfer on building walls are important for building energy consumption and outdoor thermal/wind environment. The in-situ measurement of energy balance and wall flows during clear days on a 16-story building in Guangzhou, China is introduced and analyzed in this paper. The velocity along the wall was measured by 3D ultrasonic anemometers. The surface temperature was measured by infrared camera and thermal couples. The ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity and solar radiation were recorded by weather stations. The Rayleigh number of wall flows reached as high as 1.44 × 1014. We found that the different kinds of heat flux reach their maximum value in a day cycle at different times. The transmittance of the atmosphere keeps decreasing from sunrise to sunset on Guangzhou’s typical clear days thus inducing different incoming solar radiation. The wall surface temperature and air flow were visualized by infrared videos. The diurnal change of energy balance on the south facing wall was calculated based on the solar radiation, long wave radiation and heat transfer caused by natural convection adjacent to the wall.
New Orleans
Authors: Johnson T. R.
Published: February 2023

The neighborhoods of New Orleans have given rise to an extraordinary outpouring of important writing. Over the last century and a half or so, these stories and songs have given the city its singular place in the human imagination. This book leads the reader along five thoroughfares that define these different parts of town – Royal, St. Claude, Esplanade, Basin, and St. Charles – to explore how the writers who have lived around them have responded in closely related ways to the environments they share. On the outskirts of New Orleans today, the city's precarious relation to its watery surroundings and the vexed legacies of race loom especially large. But the city's literature shows us that these themes have been near to hand for New Orleans writers for several generations, whether reflected through questions of masquerade, dreams of escape, the innocence of children, or the power of money or of violence or of memory.
The Scarce State
Authors: Nathan Noah L.
Published: February 2023

States are often minimally present in the rural periphery. Yet a limited presence does not mean a limited impact. Isolated state actions in regions where the state is otherwise scarce can have outsize, long-lasting effects on society. The Scarce State reframes our understanding of the political economy of hinterlands through a multi-method study of Northern Ghana alongside shadow cases from other world regions. Drawing on a historical natural experiment, the book shows how the contemporary economic and political elite emerged in Ghana's hinterland, linking interventions by an ostensibly weak state to new socio-economic inequality and grassroots efforts to reimagine traditional institutions. The book demonstrates how these state-generated societal changes reshaped access to political power, producing dynastic politics, clientelism, and violence. The Scarce State challenges common claims about state-building and state weakness, provides new evidence on the historical origins of inequality, and reconsiders the mechanisms linking historical institutions to contemporary politics.
Election Violence in Zimbabwe
Authors: Kwashirai Vimbai Chaumba
Published: February 2023

The ramifications of election violence in Zimbabwe are huge and ongoing, and the loss of lives in the quest for democratic rights might be regarded as the foremost tragedy of post-colonial Zimbabwe. In this book, Vimbai Chaumba Kwashirai examines the prevalence of electoral violence in Zimbabwe from the early 1980s to the present day. With a range of rich examples, Kwashirai offers a nuanced analysis of the overt and covert forms of violence that have pervaded the country's general elections. While remaining attentive to the specifics of the Zimbabwean political landscape, Kwashirai addresses broader debates in African politics, and shows how insidious violence, ethnic tensions and the weakness of opposition parties serve to undermine democracy across Africa. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, he explores the various ways in which violence can be understood and, crucially, how it might be prevented.
Aerodynamic characterisation of delta wing unmanned aerial vehicle using non-gradient-based estimator
Authors: Kumar N. , Saderla S. , Kim Y.
Published: February 2023

Aerodynamic characterisation from flight testing is an integral subroutine for evaluating a new flight vehicle’s aerodynamic performance, stability and controllability. The estimation of aerodynamic parameters from flight test data has extensively been explored, in the past, using estimation methods such as the equation error method, output error method and filter error method. However, in the current era, non-gradient-based estimation techniques are gaining attention from researchers due to their inherent data-driven optimisation capability to find the global best solution. In this paper, a novel non-gradient-based estimation method is proposed for the aerodynamic characterisation of unmanned aerial vehicles from flight data, which relies on the maximum likelihood method augmented with particle swarm optimisation. Flight data sets of a wing-alone unmanned aerial vehicle are used to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method in estimating aerodynamic derivatives. Estimates from the proposed method are corroborated with the wind tunnel test and output error method results. It has been observed that simulated flight vehicle responses using estimated parameters are in good agreement with measured data in most of the manoeuvers considered. Confidence in the estimates of linear and nonlinear aerodynamic parameters is well established with the lower limit of Cramer-Rao bounds, which are minimal. The proposed method also demonstrates good predictability of the quasi-steady stall aerodynamic model by estimating stall characteristic parameters such as aerofoil static stall characteristics parameter, hysteresis time constant and breakpoint. The overall performance of the proposed estimation method is on par with the output error method and is validated with the proof-of-match exercise.
Skillful statistical prediction of subseasonal temperature by training on dynamical model data
Authors: Trenary Laurie , DelSole Timothy
Published: February 2023

This paper derives statistical models for predicting wintertime subseasonal temperature over the western US. The statistical models are trained on two separate datasets, namely observations and dynamical model simulations, and are based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso). Surprisingly, statistical models trained on dynamical model simulations can predict observations better than observation-trained models. One reason for this is that simulations involve orders of magnitude more data than observational datasets.
Grassmanniennes affines tordues sur les entiers
Authors: Lourenço João
Published: February 2023

We generalize the works of Pappas–Rapoport–Zhu on twisted affine Grassmannians to the wildly ramified case under mild assumptions. This rests on a construction of certain smooth affine

$\mathbb {Z}[t]$

-groups with connected fibers of parahoric type, motivated by previous work of Tits. The resulting

$\mathbb {F}_p(t)$

-groups are pseudo-reductive and sometimes non-standard in the sense of Conrad–Gabber–Prasad, and their

$\mathbb {F}_p [\hspace {-0,5mm}[ {t} ]\hspace {-0,5mm}] $

-models are parahoric in a generalized sense. We study their affine Grassmannians, proving normality of Schubert varieties and Zhu’s coherence theorem.
A quality-improvement approach to urgent-care antibiotic stewardship for respiratory tract infections during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned
Authors: Ong’uti Sharon K. , Artandi Maja , Betts Brooke , Weng Yingjie , Desai Manisha , Lentz Christopher , Nelligan Ian , Ha David R. , Holubar Marisa K.
Published: February 2023

Objective:

We investigated a decrease in antibiotic prescribing for respiratory illnesses in 2 academic urgent-care clinics during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using semistructured clinician interviews.

Methods:

We conducted a quality-improvement project from November 2020 to May 2021. We investigated provider antibiotic decision making using a mixed-methods explanatory design including interviews. We analyzed transcripts using a thematic framework approach to identify emergent themes. Our performance measure was antibiotic prescribing rate (APR) for encounters with respiratory diagnosis billing codes. We extracted billing and prescribing data from the electronic medical record and assessed differences using run charts, p charts and generalized linear regression.

Results:

We observed significant reductions in the APR early during the COVID-19 pandemic (relative risk [RR], 0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17–0.25), which was maintained over the study period (P < .001). The average APRs were 14% before the COVID-19 pandemic, 4% during the QI project, and 7% after the project. All providers prescribed less antibiotics for respiratory encounters during COVID-19, but only 25% felt their practice had changed. Themes from provider interviews included changing patient expectations and provider approach to respiratory encounters during COVID-19, the impact of increased telemedicine encounters, and the changing epidemiology of non–COVID-19 respiratory infections.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that the decrease in APR was likely multifactorial. The average APR decreased significantly during the pandemic. Although the APR was slightly higher after the QI project, it did not reach prepandemic levels. Future studies should explore how these factors, including changing patient expectations, can be leveraged to improve urgent-care antibiotic stewardship.
Partial cavity shedding on a hydrofoil resulting from re-entrant flow and bubbly shock waves
Authors: Bhatt Anubhav , Ganesh Harish , Ceccio Steven L.
Published: February 2023

Partial cavity flows forming on a NACA0015 hydrofoil are visualized using high-speed cinematography and time-resolved X-ray densitometry. These observations reveal the underlying flow features that lead to the cloud cavity shedding. Previous studies have reported that both near-surface liquid re-entrant flow and bubbly shock waves can serve as the mechanisms causing cavity pinch-off and cloud shedding. We identify both mechanisms in the current study. The cavity shedding frequency was also examined and related to the underlying flow dynamics. The probability of re-entrant flow or bubbly shock-induced shedding processes are quantified, and the likelihood of each mechanism is shown to be a function of both the cavitation number and the Mach number of the bubbly mixture within the separated region of the cavity. When the Mach number of the two-phase mixture in the cavity exceeds unity, shock waves become the dominant mechanism that lead to large-scale cavity shedding and cloud cavitation.
Attachment-line, cross-flow and Tollmien–Schlichting instabilities on swept ONERA-D and Joukowski airfoils
Authors: Kitzinger Euryale , Leclercq Tristan , Marquet Olivier , Piot Estelle , Sipp Denis
Published: February 2023

Linear stability analyses are performed to investigate the boundary layer instabilities developing in an incompressible flow around the whole leading-edge of swept ONERA-D and Joukowski airfoils of infinite span. The stability analyses conducted in our study are global in the chordwise direction and local in the spanwise direction. A neutral curve is drawn at a given leading-edge Reynolds number

$Re_R$

and several overlapping regions, called ‘lobes’, are identified on a physical basis. A detailed study of the marginal modes reveals the presence of attachment-line and cross-flow instabilities, as well as modes whose features do not fall within the standards of a specific type. Connected cross-flow/Tollmien–Schlichting modes, that show a dominant spatial structure reminiscent of Tollmien–Schlichting waves but whose destabilization is linked to a cross-flow mechanism, have been identified. The comparison of several neutral curves at different

$Re_R$

values reveals the greater stabilizing effect of the increase of

$Re_R$

on the cross-flow instability compared with the attachment-line instability. The influence of the airfoil shape is also studied by comparing the neutral curves of the ONERA-D with the neutral curves of the Joukowski airfoil. These curves reveal similar characteristics with the presence of distinct lobes and their comparison at constant sweep angle shows that, under the conditions studied, the ONERA-D airfoil is more stable than the Joukowski airfoil, even for cross-flow instabilities. The absolutely or convectively unstable nature of the flow in the spanwise direction is also tackled and our results suggest that the flow is only convectively unstable.
On the cumulant transforms for Hawkes processes
Authors: Lee Young , Rheinländer Thorsten
Published: February 2023

We consider the asset price as the weak solution to a stochastic differential equation driven by both a Brownian motion and the counting process martingale whose predictable compensator follows shot-noise and Hawkes processes. In this framework, we discuss the Esscher martingale measure where the conditions for its existence are detailed. This generalizes certain relationships not yet encountered in the literature.
Representations of numerals in Tibetan–Mandarin bilinguals
Authors: Han Haibin , An Ning , Zhou Xinlin , Cui Zhanling
Published: February 2023

Adopting a cross-language long-term repetition-priming paradigm, the current study systematically investigated number representation in Tibetan–Mandarin bilinguals. The study focused on three types of numerals: Arabic digits, Tibetan numerals, and Mandarin numerals. Experiment 1 examined lexical representation; participants performed a lexical decision task in the cross-language repetition-priming paradigm. Experiment 2 used a parity judgment task to examine conceptual representation. In both experiments, if the presentation of the numerals during the learning phase facilitated responses to their translation equivalents in the testing phase, it would indicate that they activate each other (i.e., a shared representation). Results showed that the presentation of Tibetan or Mandarin numerals did not facilitate subsequent responses to the Arabic digit equivalent. No cross-language repetition-priming effect between Tibetan and Mandarin numerals was found in the lexical decision task, indicating that Arabic digits, Tibetan number words, and Mandarin number words are stored separately at the lexical level. At the conceptual level, the results were quite the opposite, suggesting that these three types of numerals share a common representation. To sum up, the results imply that bilinguals’ number representation is similar to bilinguals’ language representation, providing a better understanding of number representation in bilinguals from a linguistic perspective.
LINES ON HOLOMORPHIC CONTACT MANIFOLDS AND A GENERALIZATION OF -DISTRIBUTIONS TO HIGHER DIMENSIONS
Authors: HWANG JUN-MUK , LI QIFENG
Published: February 2023

Since the celebrated work by Cartan, distributions with small growth vector
$(2,3,5)$
have been studied extensively. In the holomorphic setting, there is a natural correspondence between holomorphic
$(2,3,5)$
-distributions and nondegenerate lines on holomorphic contact manifolds of dimension 5. We generalize this correspondence to higher dimensions by studying nondegenerate lines on holomorphic contact manifolds and the corresponding class of distributions of small growth vector
$(2m, 3m, 3m+2)$
for any positive integer m.