bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektifitas Penerapan Program E-Tilang Dalam Mewujudkan Penegakan Hukum Lalu Lintas
Authors: Bakri Bakri , Nuh Muhammad Syarif , Badaru Baharuddin
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Menganalisis efektifitas penerapan program e-tilang dalam mewujudkan penegakan hukum lalu lintas di Wilayah Hukum Polres Bone, serta faktor-faktor apa sajakah yang mempengaruhi upaya penegakan hukum berlalu lintas melalui program e-tilang. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap data dan fakta penulis berkesimpulan bahwa penerapan program e-tilang sudah cukup efektif dalam mewujudkan penegakan hukum lalu lintas bebas korupsi di Wilayah Hukum Polres Bone. Hal ini dapat dilihat melalui peningkatan jumlah pelanggaran yang terjadi antara tahun 2016 ke tahun 2017 yang meningkat secara signifikan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa program e-tilang sangat efisien dan cukup efektif menekan angka pungli. Pada sistem e-tilang, oknum tidak dapat lagi melakukan negosiasi terkait dengan pelanggaran lalu lintas, karena sudah tercatat secara digital dan harus selesai sampai dengan adanya putusan pengadilan. Faktor-faktor apa sajakah yang mempengaruhi upaya penegakan hukum berlalu lintas melalui program e-tilang di Wilayah Hukum Polres Bone meliputi Faktor hukum, Faktor penegak hukum, Faktor sarana, Faktor masyarakat, dan Faktor kebudayaan.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of the e-ticketing program in realizing traffic law enforcement in the Bone Police Legal Area, as well as what factors influence the effort to enforce traffic law through the e-ticketing program. Based on an analysis of the data and facts, the author concludes that the application of the e-ticketing program has been quite effective in realizing the enforcement of corruption-free traffic law in the Bone Police Legal Area. This can be seen through the increase in the number of violations that occurred between 2016 and 2017 which increased significantly. This shows that the e-ticketing program is very efficient and quite effective at reducing extortion rates. In the e-ticketing system, the person can no longer conduct negotiations related to traffic violations, because it has been digitally recorded and must be finished until a court decision is made. What factors influence traffic law enforcement efforts through the e-ticketing program in the Bone Police Regional Law Area include legal factors, law enforcement factors, facility factors, community factors, and cultural factors.
Potensi Daerah,Promosi, Sarana dan Prasarana Berpengaruh Terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung Wisatawan Mancanegara dan Implikasinya Terhadap Strategi Segmentasi dan Positioning
Authors: Husna Syah St. Asmaul , Juniar Ahmad Gani Pratiwi
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan 1) obyek wisata berpengaruh terhadap keputusan berkunjung wisatawan mancanegara; 2) promosi berpengaruh terhadap keputusan berkunjung wisatawan mancanegara; 3) sarana dan prasarana berpengaruh terhadap keputusan berkunjung wisatawan mancanegara; 4) faktor eksternal berpengaruh terhadap keputusan berkunjung wisatawan mancanegara; 5) segmen-segmen pasar wisata diidentifkasi berdasarkan persepsi wisatawan terhadap manfaat yang dicari; 6) terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara sejumlah variabel deskriptor (segmen descriptor) dengan segmentasi pasar  wisata Sulawesi Selatan; 7) implikasi dari masing-masing segmen pasar wisata terhadap strategi penentuan pasar sasaran (targeting) dan strategi memposisikan (positioning) daerah tujuan wisata di Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan antar variabel sehingga termasuk dalam explanatory research. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah daerah tujuan wisata Sulawesi Selatan dengan target populasi wisatwan mancanegara. Ada tiga Kabupaten/kota yang dipilih sebagai daerah tujuan wisata. Populasi penelitian adalah wisatawan mancanegara yang datang berkunjung pada daerah tujuan wisata di kabupaten/kota yaitu sebanyak 165 orang. Analisis Statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi, analisis factor, dan analisis cluster. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) atraksi wisata, promosi, sarana dan prasarana serta factor eksternal mempunyai pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variabel keputusan berkunjung; 2) dari 34 manfaat yang dicari terbentuk 10 faktor daya tarik wisata; 3) dari 165 kasus yang diungkap terbentuk 4 segmen pasar yang potensial bagi daerah tujuan wisata Sulawesi Selatan; 4) persepsi wisatawan mengenai posisi daerah tujuan wisata Sulawesi Selatan terhadap para pesaing utamanya dan harapan para wisatawannya sebelum datang ke Sulawesi Selatan, secara umum di benak pasarnya Sulawesi Selatan ternyata paling ideal diposisikan (positioning) sebagai daerah tujuan wisata etnis dan pantai (beach destination). Akan tetapi mengingat besarnya potensi pasar dari kedua segmen pasar yang lainnya, kedua segmen pasar wisata tersebut perlu dipertimbangkan untuk diraih sebagai sasaran pemasaran  (target markets)  dengan upaya-upaya mereposisikannya (repositioning).
In memoriam Joseph N. Bell
Authors: Guth Stephan
Published: March 2021

Obituary for a co-founder of JAIS.
A la búsqueda del concepto clave
Authors: Vàzquez Garcia Mercè
Published: March 2021

Actualmente en la mayoría de ámbitos profesionales se genera de manera constante nueva información, que conviene tener recogida y clasificada para poder ser recuperada y reaprovechada. Para las organizaciones representa una importante inversión de tiempo y dinero organizar y hacer accesibles todos estos contenidos. Una posible salida al escollo de la gestión de la información en las organizaciones es la identificación de los conceptos clave que residen en los documentos con el objetivo de facilitar la clasificación temática y la futura recuperación.
Wolf reintroduction to Scotland could support substantial native woodland expansion and associated carbon sequestration
Authors: Spracklen D. V. , Chapman P. J. , Fletcher T. , Lane J. V. , Nilsen E. B. , Perks M. , Schofield L. , Scott C. E.
Published: February 2025

Large carnivores, including the grey wolf (Canis lupus), play an important role in the carbon cycle through modifying the behaviour and population of wild herbivores. Large carnivores have been eradicated from much of their former range and are now absent from the UK, contributing to increased herbivore populations, which can prevent natural regeneration of trees and woodland. A reintroduction of wolves to the UK could reduce deer populations and associated browsing of tree saplings, but the potential impacts on woodland expansion and carbon sequestration have not been assessed.

Here we estimate the impact of a wolf reintroduction in the Scottish Highlands on red deer populations, native woodland colonisation and carbon sequestration. We use a Markov predator–prey model to estimate that a reintroduction would lead to a population of 167 ± 23 wolves, sufficient to reduce red deer populations below 4 deer km−2, the threshold at which we assume browsing to be sufficiently suppressed to enable natural colonisation of trees.

Using a model of potential new native woodlands we estimate the subsequent expansion of native woodland would result in an average annual carbon sequestration of 1.0 ± 0.1 Mt CO2, with each wolf contributing an annual carbon sequestration of 6080 t CO2.

Practical Implication. Our analysis demonstrates the ecosystem benefit that wolves can provide through control of red deer numbers, leading to native woodland expansion. Large‐scale expansion of woodlands, facilitated through the return of wolves, can contribute to national climate targets and could provide potential economic benefits to landowners and communities through carbon finance.
Gradient Porous Carbon Superstructures for High‐efficiency Charge Storage Kinetics
Authors: Long Yinying , An Xingye , Yang Yiluo , Yang Jian , Liu Liqin , Tong Xin , Liu Xiongli , Liu Hongbin , Ni Yonghao
Published: February 2025

Zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) are emerging for high‐efficiency energy storage. However, single‐layer cathode materials often suffer from low‐charge storage kinetics. Herein, an innovative gradient porous carbon superstructure with enhanced charge storage kinetics is developed, achieved by designing a concentration gradient carbon superstructure to facilitate rapid, directional ion transport and efficient ion storage. The gradient pore design with optimized micropore sizes (0.88 to 0.96 nm) and mesopore size (≈4 nm) enhances the hydrated zinc ion ([Zn(H2O)6]2+) diffusion, facilitating efficient desolvation and Zn2+ ion storage. Furthermore, N/O co‐doping provides pseudo‐capacitance by lowering the energy barrier for C‐O‐Zn bond formation, increasing the defect density and conductivity of the carbon material. Further graphitization improves conductivity and wettability, while a high specific surface area (SSA) offers abundant active sites. ZHSCs fabricated with this gradient porous carbon superstructure exhibit a remarkably high energy density of 101.8 Wh kg−1 at a substantial power density of 503.6 W kg−1, outperforming the reported benchmark materials. The exceptional charge–discharge cycling stability is also demonstrated over 10 000 cycles. This work presents an effective strategy for enhancing charge storage kinetics in supercapacitors.
P3HT‐Based Electroactive Films for In Vitro Neuronal Cell Interfacing
Authors: Campione Paola , Latte Bovio Claudia , Calabrese Giovanna , Santoro Francesca , Messina Grazia Maria Lucia
Published: February 2025

Numerous efforts have been made to address the mechanical mismatch between bioelectronic devices and tissues in the past few years. Interfaces that better mimic the properties of biological tissues can be produced with the support of organic materials, which have a unique combination of soft mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and ionic‐electronic conduction, which match the properties of living systems and allow the signal to be transduced at the biotic–abiotic interface. In this context, Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT), a p‐type semiconducting polymer, having good biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties, is studied. In this work, a polymer blend of P3HT and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) is prepared and deposited on the surface as an electroactive thin film resulting in a tunable nanostructured surface. Further, the biological properties of this new substrate in vitro is evaluated. The conductive polymer‐based substrate and the HT‐22 cell line can be better connected because of this nanostructured surface effect on the cells' responses to local changes in curvature and topography of the materials. This model is simple yet effectively shows the investigation of neuronal responses to morphological characteristics and electronic interfaces.
Universal Measurement Protocol and Cell Designs for Liquid‐Based Active Cooling by the Electrochemical Peltier Effect
Authors: Wakayama Yusuke , Zhou Hongyao , Matoba Fumitoshi , Yamada Teppei
Published: February 2025

Electrochemical Peltier (ECP) effect is an emerging cooling technology, capable of active transfer of heat via entropy change of redox reaction. However, the temperature drop (ΔT) producible from the ECP effect is too small for practical use and its limiting factor remains elusive. In this work, a universal measurement protocol using an alternating square‐wave current is proposed, which effectively distinguishes the ECP effect from Joule heating and provides an accurate and reliable assessment of the experimental results. A general expression for the temperature drop at the steady state (ΔTSS) generated from the ECP effect is derived, which is further validated by its agreement with the experimental results. The ΔTSS increases with increasing interelectrode distance, and the largest value of 0.55 K is achieved. The measurement protocol and theoretical model presented in this study have a high level of generality and are universally applicable to other ECP devices.
Harnessing the Ketene Chemistry by Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization
Authors: Feng Zhiming , Xie Yushan , Wu Lili , Wang Chengming
Published: February 2025

Transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization has become a cornerstone of modern organic synthesis, enabling the efficient formation of various C−C and C‐heteroatom bonds. Ketenes, a class of highly reactive and versatile molecules, have recently been harnessed as powerful substrates for C−H functionalization reactions, unlocking new possibilities for the construction of complex molecular frameworks. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization with ketenes, encompassing the design of novel catalytic systems, elucidation of reaction mechanisms, and exploration of synthetic applications. By highlighting the current state of the art, challenges, and future prospects, this concept aims to inspire further research and innovation in this rapidly evolving field, ultimately expanding the frontiers of transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization with ketenes.
A new CRISPR‐mediated Apc knockout allele leads to pyloric gland adenoma‐like gastric polyps in mice with C57BL/6;FVB/N mixed background
Authors: Uzun Sarp , Özcan Özge , Gök Ayşenur , Işık Aynur , Bakır Sinem , Günel‐Özcan Ayşen , Onbaşılar İlyas , Akyol Aytekin
Published: February 2025

Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutations are the most frequently identified genetic alteration in sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) cases, and a myriad of genetically engineered Apc‐mutant CRC mouse models have been developed using various genetic manipulation techniques. The advent of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has revolutionized the field of genetic engineering and facilitated the development of new genetically engineered mouse models. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel Apc knockout allele using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and evaluate the phenotypic effects of this new allele in two different mouse strains. For this purpose, exon 16 of mouse Apc gene was targeted with a single‐guide RNA, and the mouse carrying an Apc frameshift mutation at codon 750 (Δ750) was chosen as the founder. The mutant FVB‐ApcΔ750 mice were backcrossed with wild‐type C57BL/6 mice, and the phenotypic effects of the knockout allele were evaluated in F8‐FVB‐ApcΔ750, F4‐B6;FVB‐ApcΔ750, and F1‐B6;FVB‐ApcΔ750 by a macroscopic and microscopic examination of the gastrointestinal system. The result showed that the mean polyp number was significantly higher in F4‐BL6;FVB‐ApcΔ750 than in F8‐FVB‐ApcΔ750. Intestinal polyposis was more prominent in F4‐BL6;FVB‐ApcΔ750, whereas a higher number of colon polyps than intestinal polyps were observed in F8‐FVB‐ApcΔ750. Additionally, F1‐BL6;FVB‐ApcΔ750 mixed background mice developed gastric polyps that morphologically resembled the pyloric gland adenoma of humans. In conclusion, we developed a novel CRISPR‐mediated Apc knockout allele using two mouse strains. We showed that this allele can exert a strain‐specific effect on the phenotype of mice and can cause gastric polyp formation.
Phylogeography of the Pacific Angel Shark (Squatina californica) in the Eastern Pacific
Authors: Alfonso‐González Massiel , Galván‐Magaña Felipe , Sotil Giovanna , Domínguez Omar Domínguez , Herrera Eduardo Espinoza , Díaz‐Jaimes Píndaro
Published: February 2025

Squatina californica is a near‐threatened angel shark distributed in coastal areas of eastern Pacific. Despite its wide distribution and the conservation threats, basic knowledge of the species populations, evolutionary history and genetic diversity is scarce. In this study, we use two mitochondrial genetic markers (Control Region of mtDNA and Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I) to explore the species' phylogeography. We included samples from locations in the Southern Californian Pacific (SCP), the Gulf of California (GC) and the Southeast Pacific (SEP). We identified three populations of the Pacific Angel Shark, corresponding to the regions SCP, GC and SEP. These results show an antitropical distribution for the species, which may be a consequence of the climatic instability of Central America during the Pliocene. Additionally, we infer that the divergence of the SCP populations from those of the GC coincided closely with the formation of the Baja California Peninsula, without current migration through the southern end of the peninsula. Finally, we detected a signal of population expansion and substructure within the GC, probably promoted by environmental heterogeneity in this area. Our results indicate that the three populations identified herein should be considered separate management units, because they exhibited independent evolutionary histories that may influence their levels of resilience to fishing pressure.
Modeling oxygen loss and phase transformation in Ni‐rich cathode materials: Impact of electrode microstructure
Authors: Both Svenja , Hein Simon , Danner Timo , Latz Arnulf
Published: February 2025

Nickel‐Manganese‐Cobalt (NMC) oxides are widely used as cathode materials in lithium‐ion batteries. While increasing the nickel content increases the available capacity in a given voltage window, it also reduces the structural stability of the material when cycled to high cutoff voltages. Oxygen release from the crystal structure as well as a layered‐to‐rocksalt phase transformation of the layered oxide material cause capacity loss and impedance rise. In this work, we propose a continuum approach to model oxygen release and the associated phase transformation using a 1+1D model informed by atomistic simulations to predict the thickness of reconstructed active material over time. An efficient interface model allows us to combine this approach with 3D microstructure‐resolved simulations in order to study the effect of a resistive layer on a real cathode microstructure. This novel workflow enables us to investigate the effect of individual electrode properties on the phase transformation and guide future electrode design.
Prevalence and risk factors of stress urinary incontinence in a 2023 Japanese community health survey ‐ differences between males and females
Authors: Haga Nobuhiro , Yoshida Mikako , Mitsui Takahiko , Sekido Noritoshi , Masumori Naoya , Omae Kenji , Saito Motoaki , Kubota Yasue , Sakakibara Ryuji , Takahashi Satoru
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The aim of the present epidemiological study was to evaluate the sex‐related prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and the associated factors using data from the 2023 Japan Community Health Survey.

Methods

We investigated 3097 males and 3056 females aged 20–99 years. All participants answered web‐based questionnaires on their health status and lower urinary tract symptoms. Data on the frequency of SUI, comorbidities and health‐related behaviour were extracted. The Cochran‐Armitage trend test was used to evaluate the trend between the prevalence of SUI and age. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with SUI.

Results

SUI was consistently observed in about 10% of individuals in their 20s and 30s, including in males. There were no age‐related differences in the prevalence of SUI in males (P = 0.55). In females, the prevalence of SUI statistically significantly increased with age (P < 0.0001). The frequency of SUI was, however, low in both sexes. Drinking habits (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10–1.87) and frequent spicy food intake (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.19–2.01) were associated with SUI only in males. Age (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.13–1.62), BMI (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.50–2.32) and history of vaginal delivery (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.77–2.63) were only associated with SUI in females.

Conclusions

Although the frequency of SUI was low in both sexes, the correlation between the prevalence of SUI and age was different between both sexes. Female SUI might involve weakness of the pelvic floor muscle, while male SUI might be affected by health‐related behaviours.
First‐in‐human safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pilot food‐effect study of the candidate antimalarial compound MMV367
Authors: Kuemmerle Andrea , Singh Nand , Gossen Denis , Janin Annick , Sharma Raman , Cahn Anthony , Gibson Rachel A. , Menakuru Somasekhara R. , Lambourne Erin , Dove Tom , Gamo Francisco‐Javier , Sanz Laura , Bestgen Benoit , Chalon Stephan
Published: February 2025

Aim

To evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics in healthy participants of orally administered MMV367 (GSK3772701), a novel antimalarial interfering with Plasmodium falciparum acyl coenzyme A synthetase 10/11 function.

Methods

This first‐in‐human study enrolled 47 healthy male and female participants. Part 1 was a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study in which four sequential fasted cohorts received MMV367 single ascending doses (100, 300, 750 and 1500 mg) or placebo (six active, two placebo per cohort). Part 2 was a randomised, open‐label crossover (fed‐fasted) pilot food‐effect study of MMV367 440 mg (n = 8). In Part 3 MMV367 400 mg was administered once daily for 3 days in a single cohort (six active, two placebo).

Results

Treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 36.8% (14/38) of participants receiving MMV367 vs 44.4% (4/9) with placebo. There were two MMV367‐related TEAEs, and no serious or severe TEAEs or clinically relevant changes in electrocardiograms, vital signs or laboratory tests. In Part 1 (fasted), maximum plasma concentrations occurred between 2.0 and 5.0 h post dose, with a geometric mean half‐life of 16.5‐18.4 h. Approximate dose proportionality was demonstrated across the dose range (100‐1500 mg). In Part 2, MMV367 relative bioavailability (fed vs fasted) was 161.4% (90% confidence interval 148.3, 175.6) for maximum observed concentration (Cmax), 130.4% (122.2, 139.1) for the area under the curve (AUC) until the last measurable concentration and 132.9% (124.1, 142.3) for AUC extrapolated to infinity. In Part 3, geometric mean day 1:3 exposure ratios (geometric co‐efficient of variability) were 1.9 (4.9%) for Cmax and 2.1 (7.7%) for the AUC for the defined interval between doses after once‐daily dosing for 3 days.

Conclusions

MMV367 demonstrated acceptable safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic profiles supporting further development as an antimalarial drug.
Inequities in the Time to Colon Cancer Diagnosis Among Individuals With Severe Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Gorodensky Jonah H. , Davis Laura , Griffiths Rebecca , Ayonrinde Oyedeji , Webber Colleen , Hanna Timothy P. , Coburn Natalie , Mahar Alyson L.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Early colon cancer detection is critical for improving outcomes. The diagnostic interval is a useful approach to conceptualizing time‐to‐diagnosis within the healthcare system and understanding the diagnostic journey. Adults with severe psychiatric illness (SPI) are less likely to participate in cancer screening and more likely to be diagnosed with advanced cancers. We investigated the association between having an SPI and the colon cancer diagnostic interval.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study of adults diagnosed with colon cancer in Ontario, Canada between 2007 and 2019 using administrative health data. Individuals with healthcare encounters consistent with pre‐existing major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or other non‐organic psychotic illnesses were considered as having SPI. Individuals with an SPI‐related hospitalization were categorized as having an inpatient SPI; the rest were considered outpatient. We calculated the diagnostic interval as the number of days from first colon cancer‐related healthcare encounter to cancer diagnosis. Diagnostic pathways were assessed descriptively, including whether diagnosis was made symptomatically or with no symptom recorded. Quantile regression (stratified by symptom status) was used to quantify the association between SPI status and the diagnostic interval.

Results

We identified 42,143 individuals with colon cancer: 40,884 with no history of mental illness, 835 with a history of outpatient SPI, and 424 with inpatient SPI. Adults with SPI were significantly more likely to be diagnosed symptomatically (inpatient: 89.9%, outpatient: 86.6%, no SPI: 80.9%, p < 0.001). Individuals with SPI experienced a significantly longer median symptomatic diagnostic interval and a similar median diagnostic interval when diagnosed with no symptom recorded, relative to those without a history of mental illness. After adjusting for covariates, the median symptomatic diagnostic interval was 48 days longer (95% CI 28, 68) among individuals with outpatient SPI and 55 days longer (95% CI 28, 82) among individuals with inpatient SPI compared to those with no SPI.

Conclusion

Individuals with SPI were more likely to be diagnosed symptomatically and had longer symptomatic diagnostic intervals than those without. This study represents a first step in targeting and improving cancer diagnostic processes for individuals with SPI.
Periorbital Purpura: A Key Finding in Identifying Hematological Disorders
Authors: Ono Ryohei , Iwahana Togo , Aoki Kaoruko , Kato Hirotoshi , Kobayashi Yoshio
Published: February 2025

Periorbital purpura, also known as “raccoon eyes,” is the key finding in identifying hematological disorders such as amyloid light chain amyloidosis, multiple myeloma, or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.
Characterization of Recombinant Unspecific Peroxygenase from Candolleomyces aberdarensis through Crystallographic and Substrate Selectivity Studies
Authors: Menés-Rubio Andrea , Fernandez-Garcia Ángela , Monterrey Dianelis T. , de Santos Patricia Gomez , Sánchez-Moreno Israel , Sanz-Aparicio Julia , Alcalde Miguel
Published: February 2025

Fungal unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) are remarkable biocatalysts for the selective oxygenation of non‐activated C‐H bonds. Here, we describe a crystallographic and substrate selectivity study of an UPO ortholog from Candolleomyces (Psathyrella) aberdarensis (PabUPO‐II). The recombinant enzyme produced in yeast was crystallized and complexed with a representative panel of substrates, including alkanes, fatty acids and norisoprenoids, the crystals diffracting at a resolution up to 2 Å. PabUPO‐II combines structural features of canonical long and short UPOs, presenting a hybrid heme channel and a flexible catalytic Glu212 that adopts two alternate conformations, proximal and distal to the substrates. The positioning of substrates at the heme channel in soaking experiments was complemented with a characterization of the enzymatic reactions. With alkanes and fatty acids, PabUPO‐II carried out oxygenations at ω‐2 and ω‐1 but when forcing the reaction with dicarboxylic acids, α‐ and β‐hydroxylations were detected. Reactions with the α‐ionone and α‐damascone norisoprenoids produced major oxygenations at the cyclohexene and at the vinylic aliphatic chain, respectively. Taken together, PabUPO‐II shares structural and functional similarities with both long and short UPOs, opening avenues for future engineering endeavors.
Unlocking Catalysis Using Oxidatively Induced Reductive Elimination
Authors: Antuña-Hörlein Carmen , Djukic Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2025

Oxidatively induced reductive elimination (OIRE) has become a crucial chemical process to enable the effective formation of otherwise much less accessible products. The chemically, electrochemically, or photochemically triggered oxidation of appropriate metal complexes leading to a reductive elimination process otherwise chemically unfavorable has long been studied in stoichiometric metal‐centered reactions. However, its conscious inclusion and targeted application in catalysis is a rather recent development. Ruthenium and Group 9 metal complexes are particularly representative examples of how the observed OIRE abilities can be modulated using different coupling partners. Parallels can be drawn between rhodium and iridium, which have a long history as efficient catalysts, and their more readily available 3d row metal neighbor, i.e. cobalt, with ruthenium also providing a parallel reactivity. This review explores the history of OIRE reactions throughout the last few centuries, highlighting the role of Ti, Mo, Fe, Ru, Ni, Hg and group 9 transition metals as key players in C‐H bond functionalization and OIRE chemistry, discussing the most relevant studies published in the field whilst pinpointing research gaps that require new theoretical and mechanistic studies, with the final goal of unlocking the full potential of OIRE chemistry in organometallic homogeneous catalysis.
Supramolecular Polymers for Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Zhuo Jiaxin , Wang Dali , Zhu Xinyuan
Published: February 2025

Supramolecular polymers are constructed through highly reversible and directionally specific non‐covalent interactions between monomer units. This unique feature enables supramolecular polymers to undergo controlled structural reconfiguration and functional transformation in response to external stimuli, imparting them with high environmental responsiveness and self‐healing properties. In particular, supramolecular polymers exhibit several specific advantages compared to conventional polymers, such as inherent degradability, the ease of preparation and the incorporation of functional units, and smart responsiveness to various biological stimuli. These characters make supramolecular polymers promising candidates for intelligent drug delivery systems in complex biological environments. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the latest developments and representative achievements of supramolecular polymers in drug delivery fields, focusing primarily on the design and synthesis, the properties and functionalities, and the practical applications of supramolecular polymers in small molecule drug delivery, gene therapy, and protein delivery. Finally, we highlight future research directions, focusing on multifunctionality, adaptability, and personalized therapy. We focus on recent studies that address key challenges in the field, providing rational polymer design, important properties, functionality, and understanding delivery strategies. These developments are expected to advance supramolecular polymers as new platforms of intelligent drug delivery systems, offering innovative solutions for the treatment of complex diseases.
Catalytic Aerobic Oxidation of p‐Methoxybenzyl (PMB) Ethers to Aldehydes or Ketones
Authors: Zhang Qian , Qian Hui , Ma Shengming
Published: February 2025

An efficient and highly selective aerobic oxidation of p‐methoxybenzyl ethers to aldehydes or ketones with Fe(NO3)3 ⋅ 9H2O and TEMPO as catalysts at 25 °C has been developed. This method is compatible with versatile functional groups: adamantyl, ether, alkynyl, and alkenyl, etc. Due to the mild nature of the reaction conditions, even the highly sensitive optically active aldehydes with an easily racemized α‐chiral center could be formed from optically active PMB ethers without racemization. Other protecting groups of hydroxyl group remained intact during the current aerobic oxidation. The catalytic protocol has been successfully applied to synthesis of (R)‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl hept‐1‐en‐6‐yn‐4‐yl ether, which is the key intermediate for the total synthesis of natural product, (−)‐6‐O‐methylcitreoisocoumarin.
Identification of Two Distinct Stereoselective Lysine 5‐Hydroxylases by Genome Mining Based on Alazopeptin Biosynthetic Enzymes
Authors: Kawai Seiji , Moriga Kota , Nirdnoy Warawadee , Hara Ryotaro , Ogawa Jun , Katsuyama Yohei , Ohnishi Yasuo
Published: February 2025

Enzymes that catalyze regioselective and stereoselective hydroxylation of amino acids are useful tools for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. AzpK is an unprecedented lysine 5‐hydroxylase that is involved in alazopeptin biosynthesis, although its enzymatic activity has not been confirmed in vitro. Here, we identified two α‐ketoglutarate/Fe2+‐dependent dioxygenases in Actinosynnema mirum and Pseudomonas psychrotolerans (Am_AzpK2 and Pp_AzpK2, respectively) as lysine 5‐hydroxylases, using genome mining based on the alazopeptin biosynthetic gene cluster. Interestingly, Am_AzpK2 and Pp_AzpK2 synthesized different isomers, (2S,5S)‐ and (2S,5R)‐5‐hydroxylysine, respectively. We also identified two AzpJ homologs as the dehydrogenases that specifically recognize the hydroxy groups of (2S,5S)‐ and (2S,5R)‐5‐hydroxylysine to synthesize a keto group. These dehydrogenases were shown to be useful tools for characterizing the stereochemistry of 5‐hydroxylysine and evaluating the activity of lysine 5‐hydroxylases. Furthermore, we identified three lysine 5‐hydroxylases that synthesize (2S,5S)‐5‐hydroxylysine and four lysine 5‐hydroxylases that synthesize (2S,5R)‐5‐hydroxylysine from the genome database. Genome scanning based on lysine 5‐hydroxylases indicated the presence of undiscovered natural products with 5‐hydroxylysine moieties. In conclusion, this study provides a fundamental technology for the stereoselective production of 5‐hydroxylysine. Further analysis of the stereoselective lysine 5‐hydroxylases would reveal how nature establishes highly stereoselective hydroxylation.
Nitrile‐tolerant Iridium‐catalysed Hydrogen Isotope Exchange
Authors: Knight Nathan M. L. , Anderson David E. , Mulrainey Paul T. , Paterson Laura C. , Lindsay David M. , Tuttle Tell , Kerr William J.
Published: February 2025

Isotopically labelled molecules are vital tools within drug discovery and are used extensively to assess a given candidate's absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profile. Related to this, transition metal‐catalyzed hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) has become a prominent technique for the rapid and selective late‐stage installation of a deuterium or tritium label. Despite having a generally wide applicability, the current state‐of‐the‐art in this specific field is limited when particularly co‐ordinating motifs are present within a given molecule to be labelled. For example, the exceptional binding strength and sterically unencumbered nature of the nitrile functionality leads to inhibition of catalyst turnover, and has hindered the development of efficient methods for the HIE of nitrile‐containing molecules. Herein, in silico solvent binding energy parameter approaches have been disclosed which have facilitated the discovery of uniquely tolerant neutral iridium catalyst species that demonstrate a significantly lower binding strength with nitrile functionality. In turn, we describe the first effective nitrile‐tolerant HIE methodology enabled via ortho‐directed C(sp2)−H activation using air‐ and moisture‐stable iridium pre‐catalysts of the type Ir(COD)(NHC)Cl under an atmosphere of deuterium gas. This methodology proceeds under mild and practically accessible reaction conditions with a range of directing groups, including heterocycles, ketones, and amines, with this class of catalyst also shown to be applicable towards bioactive molecules, resulting in products with high levels of isotopic labelling.
Circularly Polarized MIMO Antenna System for Millimeter Wave 5G Applications Using Characteristic Mode Theory
Authors: Modak Sumon , Farooq Umar , Lokam Anajaneyulu
Published: February 2025

This study introduces a quad‐port multi‐input multi‐output antenna design specifically suited for fifth‐generation wireless technology. The antenna geometry is characterized by a flower‐shaped configuration, featuring five petals complemented by a circular slot, positioned in the ground plane to improve operational bandwidth. The effective realization of wide‐band characteristics has been studied utilizing the analysis of characteristic modes. The design antenna demonstrates simulated performance parameters that cover the millimeter‐wave frequency band from 25.6 to 32.4 GHz, delivering a maximum gain of 6.1 dBi and ensuring minimum port isolation of > 15 dB across all ports. In addition, a circular stub is purposefully positioned over the slot to facilitate circular polarization radiation behavior at 26.3 GHz, exhibiting an axial ratio bandwidth of 0.5 GHz (26–26.5 GHz). Further, the proposed antenna design is subjected to validation encompassing diversity metrics. The proposed antenna structure is successfully fabricated, and its performance is experimentally validated. A comprehensive comparative analysis is then conducted to evaluate its alignment with the simulated results.
Scarecrow‐Shaped Antenna Optimization Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Bhavani S. , Raviteja B. , Shanmuganantham T.
Published: February 2025

In this article, scarecrow‐shaped antenna with a Rogers RT6002 substrate with a permittivity of 2.94 and a thickness of 1 mm is presented. It is operating from 3.5 to 12 GHz frequency band. The next generation of wireless communication networks will make extensive use of machine learning (ML). It is anticipated that the growth of various communication‐based applications will improve coverage and spectrum efficiency when compared with traditional systems. A wide range of domains, including antennas, can benefit from the application of ML to generate solutions. Scarecrow‐shaped antenna is optimized using machine learning algorithms decision tree, random forest, XGBoost regression, K‐nearest neighbor (KNN), and light gradient boosting regression (LGBR). The antenna's return loss, gain, and directivity were predicted in this work. The KNN achieved the highest accuracy in the prediction of return loss. Hence, proposed antenna is suitable for flexible wireless communication systems, IoT, 5G, and 6G.
Point‐ConNet: Integrated Power Allocation and Target Assignment for Efficient Multi‐Target Tracking in Distributed Radar Networks
Authors: Karthik V. , Priya M. , Ramkumar M. , Nagarajan Sathish Kumar
Published: February 2025

The technique of using radar or other sensing devices to simultaneously monitor and track the positions of several moving objects is known as multiple target tracking or MTT. The challenge is to efficiently follow many targets in distributed radar networks by optimizing combined power allocation, resource allocation, and radar target assignment. This publication proposes an efficient deep‐learning strategy for Joint Power Resource Allocation and Radar Target Assignment (JPRA‐RTA) in distributed radar networks with ground‐based transmitters and aerial receivers. The method has two phases: (i) Point‐wise Activations Steerable Convolutional Neural Networks (Point‐ConNet) with Narwhal Optimizer for joint power allocation and radar target assignment, and (ii) Hybrid Snow Geese Alpine Skiing Optimization (Hyb‐SGASO), for resource allocation. First, the JPRA‐RTA problem is converted into a regression problem solvable by Point‐ConNet with the Narwhal Optimizer, enhancing computational efficiency, accuracy, fast convergence, and scalability. After optimizing power and radar target assignment, Hyb‐SGASO is used to optimize remaining resources like communication bandwidth, ensuring balanced and efficient resource use. Thus, the proposed Point‐ConNet‐ Hyb‐SGASO method is implemented in Python and the method's performance is evaluated using metrics such as power consumption, spectral capacity, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, tracking frame accuracy, cumulative distribution function (CDF), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), demonstrating significant improvements over traditional approaches. Thus, the proposed Point‐Connet‐Hyb‐SGASO approach has achieved 18.76%, 23.04%, 28.06%, and 17.67% lower NMSE, 33.78%, 31.09%, 28.76%, and 24.89% higher energy efficiency compared with other conventional approaches like SDP‐LHS‐IPSOTS, ITPRS‐LADMM, BCRLB‐PSO, and SCA‐RWO methods respectively.
Cytologic Histotyping of Gynecologic Malignancies in Peritoneal Fluids Is Reliable When Compared to Its Corresponding Surgical Specimen
Authors: Sabljic Thomas , Lou Si Kei (Sandy)
Published: February 2025

Background

Cytologic examination of peritoneal fluid (PTFL) often represents the first and only pathologic specimen available to guide management of gynecologic malignancies (GMs). This study examines the cytohistologic correlation between histotyping of GM in PTFL and its corresponding surgical specimen (SS).

Methods

The study retrospectively identified positive PTFL with a GM between 2017 and 2022. Cytologic specimens (CSs) that were obtained after or concurrently with its diagnostic SS (biopsy/resection) were excluded. Root cause analysis of discordant cases was performed by reviewing morphology, specimen characteristics, and immunophenotype of CS.

Results

GM affected 55.8% (502/899) of malignant PTFL, of which 15.7% (79)/22.3% (112) was the only/initial diagnostic sample, respectively. Compared to SS, when a subtype was rendered on CS (91.9%), the concordance rate is 91.2% (almost perfect agreement, K = 0.842). Factors contributing to incorrect/inadequate subtyping include specimen limitations (low volume and/or cellularity), cytopathologist preference, and insufficient immunophenotyping. In seven patients (1.4%), the CS was able to render a more definitive diagnosis than its preceding nondiagnostic SS due to the paucity of lesional cells.

Conclusion

When compared to SS, histotyping of GM in PTFL is reliable and, at times, can be more definitive than its surgical counterpart. In some cases, subtyping is limited by extrinsic factors (i.e., specimen limitations). In other cases, the responsible cytopathologist prefers not to subtype despite supportive morphologic and immunohistochemical features. This highlights an opportunity for improvement in the diagnosis/subtyping of GM in PTFL, which may be the initial or only diagnostic specimen prior to patient treatment.
Unraveling the Influence of Structural Complexity, Environmental, and Geographic Factors on Multi‐Trophic Biodiversity in Forested Landscapes
Authors: St. Rose Ayanna , Naithani Kusum
Published: February 2025

Multi‐trophic diversity is often overlooked in land management decisions due to the absence of cost‐ and time‐effective assessment methods. Here, we introduce a new method to calculate a combined terrain and canopy structural complexity metric using LiDAR data, enabling the prediction of multi‐trophic diversity—a combined diversity metric that integrates diversity across trophic levels. We selected 34 forested sites of the National Ecological Observatory Network to test the model by using observed data on plant presence, beetle pitfall trap, and bird count to calculate multi‐trophic diversity. Our results show that multi‐trophic diversity increases with increasing structural complexity, but this relationship differs across different forest types. The environmental and geographic factors account for about 40% variability in multi‐trophic diversity, which further increases to about 60% when combined with structural complexity. This research offers a powerful approach to evaluate biodiversity at a landscape scale using remotely sensed data and highlights the importance of considering multi‐trophic diversity in land management decisions.
Reassembly of a tropical rainforest: A new chronosequence in the Chocó tested with the recovery of tree attributes
Authors: Escobar Sebastián , Newell Felicity L. , Endara María‐José , Guevara‐Andino Juan E. , Landim Anna R. , Neuschulz Eike Lena , Hausmann Ronja , Müller Jörg , Pedersen Karen M. , Schleuning Matthias , Tremlett Constance J. , Villa‐Galaviz Edith , Schaefer H. Martin , Donoso David A. , Blüthgen Nico
Published: February 2025

From hunting and foraging to clearing land for agriculture, humans modify forest biodiversity, landscapes, and climate. Forests constantly undergo disturbance–recovery dynamics, and understanding them is a major objective of ecologists and conservationists. Chronosequences are a useful tool for understanding global restoration efforts. They represent a space‐for‐time substitution approach suited for the quantification of the resistance of ecosystem properties to withstand disturbance and the resilience of these properties until reaching pre‐disturbance levels. Here, we introduce a newly established chronosequence with 62 plots in active cacao plantations and pastures, early and late regeneration, and old‐growth forests in the extremely wet Chocó rainforest. Plots were located across a 200‐km2 area, with a total area of 95 km2 within a 1‐km radius. Our chronosequence covers the largest total area of plots compared with others in the Neotropics with 15.5 ha. Plots ranged from 159 to 615 m above sea level in a forested landscape with 74% ± 2.8% forest cover within a 1‐km radius including substantial old‐growth forest cover. Land‐use legacy and regeneration time were not confounded by elevation. We tested how six forest structure variables (maximum tree height and dbh, basal area, number of stems, vertical vegetation heterogeneity, and light availability), aboveground biomass (AGB), and rarefied tree species richness change along our chronosequence. Forest structure variables, AGB, and tree species richness increased with regeneration time and are predicted to reach similar levels to those in old‐growth forests. Compared with previous work in the Neotropics, old‐growth forests in Canandé accumulate high AGB that takes one of the largest time spans reported until total recovery. Our chronosequence comprises one of the largest tree species pools, covers the largest total area of regenerating and old‐growth forests, and has higher forest cover than other Neotropical chronosequences. Hence, our chronosequence can be used to determine the time for recovery and stability (resistance and resilience) of different taxa and ecosystem functions, including species interaction networks. This integrative effort will ultimately help to understand how one of the most diverse forests on the planet recovers from large‐scale disturbances.
Adaptive Entropy Lightweight Encryption Estimate for Software Defined Network to Mitigate Data Security Threats in Smart Cities
Authors: Shah Sunil Kumar , Sharma Raghavendra , Shukla Neeraj
Published: February 2025

Traditional networking environments typically configure encryption policies statically on individual devices, but a fast and space‐efficient system for data security is needed. Hence, a novel Adaptive Entropy Lightweight Encryption Estimate for the Software Define Network is introduced to mitigate data security threats. Large‐scale SDN deployments necessitate complex encryption policies, with lightweight algorithms posing limitations due to their lack of high avalanche effects. Thus, a novel Adaptive Entropy Lightweight Encryption Algorithm is proposed that uses Extended Tiny Encryption Algorithm (XTEA) for efficient encryption and decryption and Adaptive Shannon Collision Entropy Estimation to improve the avalanche effect. Moreover, the Conjugate Gradient Trust Region Method within SDN allows controllers to adjust XTEA encryption parameters. Further, maintaining a linear relationship between encoding/decoding time and data size is crucial for efficient resource allocation and processing time estimation in lightweight encryption algorithms. Hence, a novel Shift Register Hill Climbing Security is introduced, which uses Shifted Feedback Register (SFR) to generate pseudo‐random bits, and Beta‐Adapt Hill Climbing algorithm (BAHC) to dynamically adjust SFR parameters. The findings indicate that the suggested model has less execution time, delay, packet loss, and high throughput, compared to other existing models.