bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endocyclophotocoagulation Combined with Phacoemulsification in Glaucoma Treatment: Five-Year Results
Authors: Bolek Bartłomiej , Wylęgała Adam , Rebkowska-Juraszek Małgorzata , Wylęgała Edward
Published: January 2024

Background: this study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of phaco-endocyclophotocoagulation (phaco-ECP) in patients with glaucoma over five consecutive years. Methods: Thirty-eight patients (38 eyes) with primary and secondary glaucoma were enrolled to undergo phaco-ECP (Endo Optiks URAM E2, Beaver-Visitec International, Waltham, MA, USA). The primary outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, success rates, glaucoma medication use, and visual acuity after phaco-ECP. An IOP reduction of 20% compared to the baseline value without re-intervention was considered a successful treatment. Complete success was defined as a cessation of antiglaucoma medications. Secondary outcome measures included intraoperative and postoperative complications. Measurements were performed preoperatively and in the first week and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, and 60 months postoperatively. Results: The mean ± SD values of IOP preoperatively, at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months postoperatively were 22.6 ± 6.7 mmHg, 15.9 ± 3.9 mmHg (p < 0.001), 15.9 ± 2.9 mmHg (p < 0.001), 15.6 ± 2.7 mmHg (p < 0.001), 15.5 ± 3.8 mmHg (p < 0.001), and 15.2 ± 2.6 mmHg (p < 0.001), respectively. The mean IOP at the last follow-up was reduced by 32.7%. The decrease in the number of antiglaucoma medications was statistically significant at each follow-up visit compared to the baseline. The qualified success rate was 40.6%. All patients at the 60-month follow-up visit required the use of antiglaucoma medications—none of the patients achieved complete success. During the follow-up period, nine patients (28.3%) that required retreatment due to nonachievement of the target IOP were considered failures. Six patients (15.8%) were lost from the follow-up. A total of 23 patients were evaluated 60 months after their phaco-ECP. Complications directly associated with the procedure, such as corneal edema (25.6%), IOP spikes (20.5%), IOL dislocation (2.6%), and uveitis (12.8%), were observed in our patients. Hypotony was not observed in any of our patients. Conclusions: The phaco-ECP procedure was effective, well-tolerated, and safe for reducing IOP in glaucoma patients with cataracts over a long-term follow-up. Randomized, larger-scale studies are required to validate the results obtained.
The Traumatic Inoculation Process Affects TSPO Radioligand Uptake in Experimental Orthotopic Glioblastoma
Authors: Gold Lukas , Barci Enio , Brendel Matthias , Orth Michael , Cheng Jiying , Kirchleitner Sabrina V. , Bartos Laura M. , Pötter Dennis , Kirchner Maximilian A. , Unterrainer Lena M. , Kaiser Lena , Ziegler Sibylle , Weidner Lorraine , Riemenschneider Markus J. , Unterrainer Marcus , Belka Claus , Tonn Joerg-Christian , Bartenstein Peter , Niyazi Maximilian , von Baumgarten Louisa , Kälin Roland E. , Glass Rainer , Lauber Kirsten , Albert Nathalie L. , Holzgreve Adrien
Published: January 2024

Background: The translocator protein (TSPO) has been proven to have great potential as a target for the positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of glioblastoma. However, there is an ongoing debate about the potential various sources of the TSPO PET signal. This work investigates the impact of the inoculation-driven immune response on the PET signal in experimental orthotopic glioblastoma. Methods: Serial [18F]GE-180 and O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([18F]FET) PET scans were performed at day 7/8 and day 14/15 after the inoculation of GL261 mouse glioblastoma cells (n = 24) or saline (sham, n = 6) into the right striatum of immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. An additional n = 25 sham mice underwent [18F]GE-180 PET and/or autoradiography (ARG) at days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 50 and 90 in order to monitor potential reactive processes that were solely related to the inoculation procedure. In vivo imaging results were directly compared to tissue-based analyses including ARG and immunohistochemistry. Results: We found that the inoculation process represents an immunogenic event, which significantly contributes to TSPO radioligand uptake. [18F]GE-180 uptake in GL261-bearing mice surpassed [18F]FET uptake both in the extent and the intensity, e.g., mean target-to-background ratio (TBRmean) in PET at day 7/8: 1.22 for [18F]GE-180 vs. 1.04 for [18F]FET, p < 0.001. Sham mice showed increased [18F]GE-180 uptake at the inoculation channel, which, however, continuously decreased over time (e.g., TBRmean in PET: 1.20 at day 7 vs. 1.09 at day 35, p = 0.04). At the inoculation channel, the percentage of TSPO/IBA1 co-staining decreased, whereas TSPO/GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) co-staining increased over time (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We identify the inoculation-driven immune response to be a relevant contributor to the PET signal and add a new aspect to consider for planning PET imaging studies in orthotopic glioblastoma models.
Effects of Game-Related Tasks for the Diagnosis and Classification of Gaming Disorder
Authors: Choi Jeongbong , Choi Youngseok , Jung Young-Chul , Lee Jeyeon , Lee Jongshill , Park Eunkyoung , Kim In Young
Published: January 2024

Gaming disorder (GD) is an addictive behavior characterized by an insatiable need to play video games and shares similar symptoms with the failure of self-control due to a decline in cognitive function. Current GD diagnostic and screening tools rely on questionnaires and behavioral observations related to cognitive functions to assess an individual’s capacity to maintain self-control in everyday life. However, current GD screening approaches rely on subjective symptoms, and a reliable diagnosis requires long-term clinical follow-up. Recent studies have measured biosignals along with cognitive functional tasks to provide objectivity to GD diagnosis and to acquire immediate results. However, people with GD are hypersensitive to game-related cues, so their responses may vary depending on the type of stimuli, and the difference in response to stimuli might manifest as a difference in the degree of change in the biosignal. Therefore, it is critical to choose the correct stimulus type when performing GD diagnostic tasks. In this study, we investigated the task dependence of cognitive decline in GD by comparing two cognitive functional tasks: a continuous performance task (CPT) and video game play. For this study, 69 young male adults were classified into either the gaming disorder group (GD, n = 39) or a healthy control group (HC, n = 30). CPT score, EEG signal (theta, alpha, and beta), and HRV-HF power were assessed. We observed differences in the left frontal region (LF) of the brain between the GD and HC groups during online video game play. The GD group also showed a significant difference in HF power of HRV between CPT and online video gaming. Furthermore, LF and HRV-HF significantly correlated with Young’s Internet Addiction Test (Y-IAT) score, which is positively associated with impulsivity score. The amount of change in theta band activity in LF and HRV-HF—both biomarkers for changes in cognitive function—during online video game play suggests that people with GD express task-dependent cognitive decline compared with HC. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of quantifying individual self-regulation ability for gaming and underscore its importance for GD classification.
Introducing Entropy into Organizational Psychology: An Entropy-Based Proactive Control Model
Authors: Jia Haozhe , Wang Lei
Published: January 2024

This paper provides a systematic review of the transfer and quantification of the concept of entropy in multidisciplinary fields and delves into its future applications and research directions in organizational management psychology based on its core characteristics. We first comprehensively reviewed the conceptual evolution of entropy in disciplines such as physics, information theory, and psychology, revealing its complexity and diversity as an interdisciplinary concept. Subsequently, we analyzed the quantification methods of entropy in a multidisciplinary context and pointed out that their calculation methods have both specificity and commonality across different disciplines. Subsequently, the paper reviewed the research on how individuals cope with uncertainty in entropy increase, redefined psychological entropy from the perspective of organizational management psychology, and proposed an “entropy-based proactive control model” at the individual level. This model is built around the core connotation of entropy, covering four dimensions: learning orientation, goal orientation, change orientation, and risk taking. We believe that psychological entropy, as a meta structure of individuals, can simulate, explain, and predict the process of how individuals manage and control “entropy” in an organizational environment from a dynamic perspective. This understanding enables psychological entropy to integrate a series of positive psychological constructs (e.g., lean spirit), providing extensive predictive and explanatory power for various behaviors of individuals in organizations. This paper provides a new direction for the application of the concept of entropy in psychology, especially for theoretical development and practical application in the field of organizational management.
Relationships between Self-Talk, Inner Speech, Mind Wandering, Mindfulness, Self-Concept Clarity, and Self-Regulation in University Students
Authors: Racy Famira , Morin Alain
Published: January 2024

In this study, the researchers explored novel relationships between the self-related processes of self-talk, inner speech, self-concept clarity, mindfulness, mind wandering, and self-regulation. Using self-report questionnaires (n = 227), we found a small positive association between inner speech use and mind wandering, as well as a medium positive association of mindfulness with self-regulation, in accordance with claims made in the literature. We found a medium positive relationship between mindfulness awareness and inner speech responses, potentially because mindfulness awareness represents an active state of self-focus, requiring verbal self-directed probes. Conversely, the correlations between reports of inner speech use and mindfulness acceptance were medium and negatively associated, perhaps because self-acceptance is a less active process that does not require as much self-directed speech as acquiring self-awareness, or perhaps self-acceptance consists of silencing the mind. Furthermore, the mindfulness-acceptance responses were negatively associated with mind wandering but positively correlated with self-concept clarity and self-regulation (all significant and of medium strength). Another noteworthy result was that mind wandering was negatively correlated with self-concept clarity and self-regulation, in accordance with the view that mind wandering represents a self-escape mechanism and thus impedes the transparency of one’s self-view and efforts at controlling oneself. This study pieces together what has been presented in the literature, examining variables that are typically studied in isolation. Further, these results have implications for the future study of self-regulation in that self-focused attention, self-acceptance, and self-concept clarity may be mediators on the paths between self-talk or inner speech use and self-regulation.
Influence of the Elastic-Plastic Dynamic Artificial Boundary on the Progressive Collapse Performance of Truss Structures
Authors: Mao Jiawen , Ju Jinsan
Published: January 2024

The traditional fixed boundary could not transmit the elastic-plastic stress waves in the progressive collapse analysis of the truss structures, leading to discrepancies in understanding the true response of structures. To solve the critical problem, a new dynamic artificial boundary is proposed and integrated into the truss structure to transmit elastic-plastic stress waves. The new dynamic artificial boundary is established through the integration of the elastic-plastic constitutive model into the governing equation of the stress wave. This boundary is subsequently implemented within the ABAQUS finite element software for the purpose of conducting progressive collapse analysis of the truss structures. The progressive collapse simulation of the truss structures involves a comparative analysis between the new dynamic artificial boundary and the traditional fixed boundary. Numerical analysis demonstrates that the dynamic artificial boundary led to varied initial failure and collapse compared to the fixed boundary. The failure typically occurs at the mid-span under the dynamic boundary. In contrast, additional failures occur near the support columns under the fixed boundary due to stress wave reflections. The dynamic artificial boundary more closely reflects the physical reality and provides a new method for the progressive collapse analysis of the truss structures in practical applications.
Integrating Minimum Spanning Tree and MILP in Urban Planning: A Novel Algorithmic Perspective
Authors: Pavon Wilson , Torres Myriam , Inga Esteban
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a novel eight-step iterative algorithm for optimizing the layout of a neighborhood, focusing on the efficient allocation of houses to strategically placed facilities, herein referred to as ’points of interest’. The methodology integrates a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) approach with a heuristic algorithm to address a variant of the facility location problem combined with network design considerations. The algorithm begins by defining a set of geographic coordinates to represent houses within a predefined area. It then identifies key points of interest, forming the basis for subsequent connectivity and allocation analyses. The methodology’s core involves applying the Greedy algorithm to assign houses to the nearest points of interest, subject to capacity constraints. The method is followed by computing a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) among these points to ensure efficient overall connectivity. The proposed algorithm’s iterative design is a key attribute. The most promising result of this approach is its ability to minimize the distance between houses and points of interest while optimizing the network’s total length. This dual optimization ensures a balanced distribution of houses and an efficient layout, making it particularly suitable for urban planning and infrastructure development. The paper’s findings demonstrate the algorithm’s effectiveness in creating a practical and efficient neighborhood layout, highlighting its potential application in large-scale urban planning and development projects.
Numerical Simulation Study on Mechanical Bearing Behavior of Arch Steel–Concrete Composite Sandwich Roof
Authors: Cheng Mai-Li , Guo Shao-Heng , Huo Zhi-Peng
Published: January 2024

In order to study the mechanical bearing behavior of arched sandwich roof structures, a full combination and independent action mode of concrete sandwich composite panels was constructed using the finite element method, and an arched steel–concrete composite sandwich roof with a span of 18 m was subjected to a numerical simulation test under a full-span vertical uniformly distributed load, with the bearing characteristics of the arched sandwich roof discussed in depth. The results show that the cross-sections of l/16 and l/2 of the elliptical arch sandwich roof are weak sections, and the tensile cracking of concrete appears for the first time in the upper and lower wythes of the elliptical arch sandwich roof, the von Mises stress level of the lower wythe of the l/16 section is higher under the ultimate load, and the roof shows four-part form failure characteristics. With the expansion of the cracking range of the upper and lower concrete wythes of the steel–concrete composite sandwich arch roof, the load–displacement curve of the roof structure does not decrease significantly, and the bearing capacity of the structure is high and the vertical deformation is small. The steel–concrete composite segment at the end of the roof effectively strengthens the edge constraint of the roof and improves the integrity of the sandwich roof. The upper and lower concrete wythes of the sandwich roof show a fully combined action mode in the elastic working stage and, when the concrete cracks, it shows a partial combined action mode.
The Future Property Workforce: Challenges and Opportunities for Property Professionals in the Changing Landscape
Authors: Lee Chyi Lin , Yam Sharon , Susilawati Connie , Blake Andrea
Published: January 2024

The rapid advancement of technology has revolutionised how we live and work, posing challenges and opportunities for various professions, including the property and construction workforce. The COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated the pace of change. Therefore, in this study, we examined the future property workforce and the required skills for Property Industry 4.0 by conducting semi-structured interviews with property leaders. The findings suggest that digitisation and automation are reshaping the property workforce, including those working in development and construction, necessitating efforts to bridge the gap between graduates’ technology proficiency and practical application. Moreover, calls for proactive regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) use in the property sector highlight the need for regulator and professional body involvement. This study also shows the challenges and opportunities for property professionals with an increased focus on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) matters and the challenges of balancing global expansion with local adaptability due to globalisation. Furthermore, this work highlights a concerning decline in communication skills among graduates, which is partly attributed to the pandemic. Collaborative efforts between universities and industry are essential to cultivate these vital skills among future property professionals. The implications of this study are also discussed.
Investigation of the Disintegration Characteristics of Neogene Mudstone at Different Burial Depths
Authors: Peng Liang , Du Wenxue , Bai Ganggang , Lahuancairang  , Yuan Shixiang , Li Juntao , Feng Peng
Published: January 2024

The complex structure of Neogene mudstone plays an important role in geological disasters. A close relationship exists between the mechanisms of mudstone landslides and the disintegration characteristics of rocks. Therefore, understanding the disintegration characteristics of Neogene mudstone at different depths is crucial for enhancing engineering safety and assessing landslide stability. This study employed Neogene mudstone from different depths to perform disintegration and plastic limit experiments and revealed the sliding mechanisms of landslides involving Neogene mudstone, providing theoretical support for mitigating mudstone geological disasters. Our results demonstrate that Neogene mudstone from different depths experiences varied stress conditions and pore water pressure due to geological actions, significantly affecting the disintegration characteristics. By ignoring the factors of the slip surface, the slake durability index of mudstone decreases with increasing burial depth, while the plasticity limit index tends to rise. The influence of groundwater, geo-stress, and pore structure on Neogene mudstones at different depths results in overall weak stability and disintegration. Landslide occurrences are likely connected to the mechanical properties of mudstones at the slip surface, where a low slake durability index and higher plasticity index make the mudstones prone to fracturing, breaking, and disintegrating once in contact with water.
Robustness of Corner-Supported Modular Steel Buildings with Core Walls
Authors: Hajirezaei Ramtin , Sharafi Pejman , Kildashti Kamyar , Alembagheri Mohammad
Published: January 2024

This paper studies the dynamic response of corner-supported modular steel buildings with a core wall system, under progressive collapse scenarios, associated with corner module removals. Since using secondary systems such as concrete core in mid- to high-rise buildings is currently unavoidable, understanding their impact on load transfer between modules during collapse scenarios becomes essential. The designated four-, eight-, and twelve-story buildings were modelled using the macro-model-based finite element method in Abaqus. In addition, three different locations are considered for the concrete shear core within the building plan, leading to nine various case scenarios. Each vertical and horizontal inter-module connection was modelled by one axial and two shear springs with predefined nonlinear force-displacement behavior. The local and global buckling, which plays an essential role in the building’s stability, was considered to obtain accurate results. Finally, parametric studies on the building response were carried out, including the intra-module connection rigidity and inter-module connection stiffness. The results demonstrated that the core wall could maintain the robustness of a modular steel building through two mechanisms dependent on its location within the plan. In addition, preventing plastic hinges from forming in beams could be introduced as an anti-collapse mechanism in the corner module removal scenarios.
Identification of Aniline-Degrading Bacteria Using Stable Isotope Probing Technology and Prediction of Functional Genes in Aerobic Microcosms
Authors: Li Baoqin , Ghani Muhammad Usman , Sun Weimin , Sun Xiaoxu , Liu Huaqing , Yan Geng , Yang Rui , Huang Ying , Ren Youhua , Song Benru
Published: January 2024

Aniline, a vital component in various chemical industries, is known to be a hazardous persistent organic pollutant that can cause environmental pollution through its manufacturing, processing, and transportation. In this study, the microcosms were established using sediment with a history of aniline pollution as an inoculum to analyze the aniline biodegradation under aerobic conditions through stable isotope probing (SIP) and isopycnic density gradient centrifugation technology. During the degradation assay, aniline that was 13C-labeled in all six carbons was utilized to determine the phylogenetic identity of the aniline-degrading bacterial taxa that incorporate 13C into their DNA. The results revealed that aniline was completely degraded in the microcosm after 45 and 69 h respectively. The bacteria affiliated with Acinetobacter (up to 34.6 ± 6.0%), Zoogloea (up to 15.8 ± 2.2%), Comamonas (up to 2.6 ± 0.1%), and Hydrogenophaga (up to 5.1 ± 0.6%) genera, which are known to degrade aniline, were enriched in the heavy fractions (the DNA buoyant density was 1.74 mg L−1) of the 13C-aniline treatments. Moreover, some rarely reported aniline-degrading bacteria, such as Prosthecobacter (up to 16.0 ± 1.6%) and Curvibacter (up to 3.0 ± 1.6%), were found in the DNA-SIP experiment. Gene families affiliated with atd, tdn, and dan were speculated to be key genes for aniline degradation based on the abundance in functional genes and diversity in different treatments as estimated using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States version 2 (PICRUSt2) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). This study revealed the functional bacteria and possible degradation genes for aniline degradation in simulated polluted environments through SIP. These findings suggest that important degrading bacteria for the transformation of aniline and potential degradation pathways may be useful in the effective application of bioremediation technologies to remediate aniline-contaminated sites.
Chronic Inflammation Disrupts Circadian Rhythms in Splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in Mice
Authors: Hirose Misa , Leliavski Alexei , de Assis Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro , Matveeva Olga , Skrum Ludmila , Solbach Werner , Oster Henrik , Heyde Isabel
Published: January 2024

Internal circadian clocks coordinate 24 h rhythms in behavior and physiology. Many immune functions show daily oscillations, and cellular circadian clocks can impact immune functions and disease outcome. Inflammation may disrupt circadian clocks in peripheral tissues and innate immune cells. However, it remains elusive if chronic inflammation impacts adaptive immune cell clock, e.g., in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. We studied this in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for multiple sclerosis, as an established experimental paradigm for chronic inflammation. We analyzed splenic T cell circadian clock and immune gene expression rhythms in mice with late-stage EAE, CFA/PTx-treated, and untreated mice. In both treatment groups, clock gene expression rhythms were altered with differential effects for baseline expression and peak phase compared with control mice. Most immune cell marker genes tested in this study did not show circadian oscillations in either of the three groups, but time-of-day- independent alterations were observed in EAE and CFA/PTx compared to control mice. Notably, T cell effects were likely independent of central clock function as circadian behavioral rhythms in EAE mice remained intact. Together, chronic inflammation induced by CFA/PTx treatment and EAE immunization has lasting effects on circadian rhythms in peripheral immune cells.
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Regeneration: New Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutics
Authors: Sudo Hideki
Published: January 2024

The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a soft tissue that constitutes the spinal column together with the vertebrae, and consists of the central nucleus pulposus (gelatinous tissue) and the annulus fibrosus (rich in fibrous tissue) that surrounds the nucleus pulposus [...]
The Future for the Children of Tomorrow: Avoiding Salt in the First 1000 Days
Authors: Mazzuca Giorgia , Artusa Silvia , Pietrobelli Angelo , Di Cara Giuseppe , Piacentini Giorgio , Pecoraro Luca
Published: January 2024

It is widely known that optimal nutrition in the first 1000 days of life positively impacts the child’s development throughout adulthood. In this setting, salt should not be added to complementary feeding. In developed countries, salt intake is generally higher than recommended for children. Excessive salt intake is the major determinant of hypertension and is associated with several cardiovascular outcomes. Therefore, pediatricians have a key role in raising awareness among parents to avoid salt consumption in the first 1000 days of life to ensure better health for their children. Starting from a review of the literature published in PubMed/MedLine regarding the short- and long-term consequences of salt consumption during the first 1000 days of life, our comprehensive review aims to analyze the beneficial effects of avoiding salt at such a vulnerable stage of life as the first 1000 days. Obesity, hypertension, increased salt sensitivity, high sweet drink consumption, increased mortality, and morbidity persisting in adult age represent the principal consequences of a higher salt intake during the first 1000 days of life.
Outcomes of a Parent-Delivered Baby-mCIMT Model for Infants at High Risk of Unilateral Cerebral Palsy Using Remote Coaching in Telerehabilitation
Authors: Svensson Katarina , Sundelin Heléne , Eliasson Ann-Christin
Published: January 2024

There is growing evidence of the positive effects of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) for infants at high risk of unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) when provided by parents with in-person coaching/supervision from occupational therapists during home visits. The aim of this study is to investigate whether Baby-mCIMT (modifiedCIMT) can be as effective if parents are coached/supervised remotely. In this case-control study, we recruited 20 infants and re-used 18 controls, 4–8-month-old infants in both groups at high risk of UCP. The same protocol regarding inclusion criteria, data collection, and training volume was used in both groups. The training was conducted for two 6-week periods, separated by a 6-week break, consisting of daily 30 min sessions conducted by parents, supported by therapist coaching once a week. The primary outcome was measured using the Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI). There was no difference in the change of HAI units (p = 0.803) or that of the affected-hand raw score (p = 0.942) between the two groups. The remote coaching method was well received by parents. In conclusion, this demonstrates that remote coaching/supervision is as effective as the in-person approach, requiring less time and effort for both families and healthcare providers.
Anticorrosion Protection of New Composite Coating for Cobalt-Based Alloy in Hydrochloric Acid Solution Obtained by Electrodeposition Methods
Authors: Branzoi Florina , Mihai Alexandru Marius , Zaki Mohamed Yassine
Published: January 2024

In this work, electrochemical deposition techniques (galvanostatic and potentiostatic) were used to obtain coatings of a new composite polymer, 3-methylpyrrole—sodium dodecyl sulfate/poly 2-methythiophene (P3MPY-SDS/P2MT), on cobalt-based alloy samples for anti-corrosion safety. The use of sodium dodecyl sulfate as a dopant ion in electrosynthesis can have a relevant effect on the anticorrosive property of the composite polymer layer by blocking the entry of corrosive ions. The cobalt alloy specimen had an important impact on the electrochemical performance of the composite coating and this together with the presence of the polymeric layer was achieved by simultaneously constitution of a complex oxides film and polymeric layers. The polymeric coatings were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods. The corrosion protection of the P3MPY-SDS/P2MT-covered cobalt-based alloy was explored using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization procedures in a 1 M HCl solution. The corrosion speed of the P3MPY-SDS/P2MT-covered cobalt-based alloy was observed to be ~10 times less than an uncovered specimen, and the effectiveness of the composite layers of this coating is greater than 91%. This superior efficaciousness was obtained by the electropolymerization of P3MPY-SDS/P2MT at current densities of 1 mA/cm2 and 0.5 mA/cm2, applied potentials of 0.9 V and 1.0 V, and a molar ratio of 5:1. Corrosion test results indicate that the P3MPY-SDS/P2MT coatings provide a good result: protection against the corrosion of a cobalt-based alloy in aggressive solutions.
Fabrication and Characterization of LaF3-Reinforced Porous HA/Ti Scaffolds
Authors: Fan Xingping , Zhang Hao
Published: January 2024

To improve the performance of porous hydroxyapatite/titanium (HA/Ti) composites, LaF3 reinforced porous HA/Ti scaffolds with a porosity of approximately 60% were prepared via a powder metallurgical method, using NH4HCO3 as the pore-forming agent. The scaffolds induced HA formation and showed high bioactivity, and the compressive strength could be regulated by changing the LaF3 dosage. When the LaF3 dosage was 0.3%, the compressive strength of the porous scaffold was 65 MPa. Moreover, LaF3 reinforced porous HA/Ti scaffolds can further induce the deposition of calcium phosphate after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days, indicating that the corresponding scaffold is an ideal choice for spongy bone repair.
PVTF Nanoparticles/PLA Electroactive Degradable Membrane for Bone Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Shi Suzhan , Xu Xun , He Xuzhao , Fan Siyuan , Liu Pengruofeng , Wu Chengwei , Cheng Kui
Published: January 2024

Electroactive biomaterials can influence the microenvironment between cells and a material’s surface by controlling surface electrical signals, thereby affecting cellular physiological activities. As the most commonly used ferroelectric polymer, Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVTF) has attracted widespread attention due to its good stability, biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, it has limitations such as non-degradability. In this study, PVTF nanoparticles (PVTF NPs), prepared using a phase separation method, were compounded with polylactide (PLA) to prepare PVTF NPs/PLA composite membrane (PN/PLA), which simultaneously achieved electroactivity and degradability. PVTF NPs containing ferroelectric β phase were evenly distributed on the PLA substrate, forming negative potential spots through corona polarization. The PLA substrate gradually degraded in a simulated body fluid environment. The negative surface potential provided by PVTF NPs in PN/PLA enhanced the adhesion, proliferation, and early-stage osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The electrical bioactivity and degradability could be joined together in this study, which is promising for tissue regeneration biomaterials, such as guided bone regeneration membrane.
Microwave Field-Induced Changes in Raman Modes and Magnetic Force Images of Antiferromagnetic NiO Films
Authors: Caso Diego , Serrano Aida , Jaafar Miriam , Prieto Pilar , Kamra Akashdeep , González-Ruano César , Aliev Farkhad G.
Published: January 2024

Effective control of domain walls or magnetic textures in antiferromagnets promises to enable robust, fast, and nonvolatile memories. The lack of net magnetic moment in antiferromagnets implies the need for creative ways to achieve such a manipulation. We conducted a study to investigate changes in magnetic force microscopy (MFM) imaging and in the magnon-related mode in Raman spectroscopy of virgin NiO films under a microwave pump. After MFM and Raman studies were conducted, a combined action of broadband microwave (0.01–20 GHz, power scanned from −20 to 5 dBm) and magnetic field (up to 3 kOe) were applied to virgin epitaxial (111) NiO and (100) NiO films grown on (0001) Al2O3 and (100) MgO substrates, following which the MFM and Raman studies were repeated. We observed a suppression of the magnon-related Raman mode subsequent to the microwave exposure. Based on MFM imaging, this effect appeared to be caused by the suppression of large antiferromagnetic domain walls due to the possible excitation of antiferromagnetic spin oscillations localized within the antiferromagnetic domain walls.
Crystal Engineering of Hydrogen Bonding for Direct Air Capture of CO2: A Quantum Crystallography Perspective
Authors: Pawlędzio Sylwia , Wang Xiaoping
Published: January 2024

Rising atmospheric CO2 levels demand efficient and sustainable carbon capture solutions. Direct air capture (DAC) via crystallizing hydrogen-bonded frameworks such as carbonate salts has emerged as a promising approach. This review explores the potential of crystal engineering, in tandem with advanced quantum crystallography techniques and computational modeling, to unlock the full potential of DAC materials. We examine the critical role of hydrogen bonding and other noncovalent interactions within a family of bis-guanidines that governs the formation of carbonate salts with high CO2 capture capacity and low regeneration energies for utilization. Quantum crystallography and charge density analysis prove instrumental in elucidating these interactions. A case study of a highly insoluble carbonate salt of a 2,6-pyridine-bis-(iminoguanidine) exemplifies the effectiveness of these approaches. However, challenges remain in the systematic and precise determination of hydrogen atom positions and atomic displacement parameters within DAC materials using quantum crystallography, and limitations persist in the accuracy of current energy estimation models for hydrogen bonding interactions. Future directions lie in exploring diverse functional groups, designing advanced hydrogen-bonded frameworks, and seamlessly integrating experimental and computational modeling with machine learning. This synergistic approach promises to propel the design and optimization of DAC materials, paving the way for a more sustainable future.
Analysis of the Effect of Copper Doping on the Optoelectronic Properties of Indium Oxide Thin Films and the Thermoelectric Properties of an In2O3/Pt Thermocouple
Authors: Liu Yantao , Lin Tao , Huang Rong , Shi Jiahao , Chen Sui
Published: January 2024

The detection and real-time monitoring of temperature parameters are important, and indium oxide-based thin film thermocouples can be integrated on the surface of heaters because they operate normally under harsh conditions and provide accurate online temperature monitoring. The higher stability and appropriate optical and electrical properties of In2O3 make it very suitable as an electrode material for thermocouple sensors. This work demonstrates that copper doping can alter the optical and electrical properties of In2O3 films and regulate the output performance of thermocouples. Copper-doped In2O3 thin films were prepared using the magnetron co-sputtering method. The doping concentration of Cu was controlled using direct current (DC) power. An In2O3/Pt thermocouple sensor was prepared, and the optoelectronic and thermocouple properties were adjusted by changing the copper doping content. The thickness valve of the thin film sample was 300 nm. The results of the X-ray diffraction suggested that the structure of the doped In2O3 thin films was cubic. The results of the energy-dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that Cu was doped into the In2O3 thin films. All deposited films were n-type semiconductor materials according to Hall effect testing. The 4.09 at% Cu-doped thin films possessed the highest resistivity (30.2 × 10−3 Ω·cm), a larger carrier concentration (3.72 × 1020 cm−3), and the lowest carrier mobility (0.56 cm2V−1s−1). The optical band gap decreased from 3.76 to 2.71 eV with an increase in the doping concentration, and the transmittance of the film significantly reduced. When the DC power was increased, the variation range of Seebeck coefficient for the In2O3/Pt thermocouple was 152.1–170.5 μV/°C, and the range of thermal output value was 91.4–102.4 mV.
Microstructural and Hall–Petch Analysis of Additively Manufactured Ferritic Alloy Using 2507 Duplex Stainless Steel Powder
Authors: Tobah Mustafa , Andani Mohsen T. , Sahu Bibhu P. , Misra Amit
Published: January 2024

The powder bed fusion–laser beam (PBF-LB) process, a method of additive manufacturing (AM), was used to print duplex stainless steel (DSS) using commercial-grade 2507 powders. While conventionally processed DSS has a two-phase microstructure consisting of 50% austenite and 50% ferrite, the PBF-LB-printed 2507 alloy was nearly 100% ferrite. Optimal processing conditions that minimized porosity were determined to be 290 W laser power and 1000 mm/s scan speed, and grain size, texture, and phases were characterized as a function of laser power and scan speed. Grain size increased with increasing laser power but decreased with increasing scan speed. A <100> texture diminished with increasing scan speed from 1000 mm/s to 1400 mm/s. No austenite phase was detected. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) characterization revealed nanoscale chromium nitride precipitates in the ferritic matrix (incoherent hexagonal close-packed (HCP) precipitates at grain boundaries and coherent body-centered cubic (BCC) precipitates within the grains) and a high density of tangled dislocations. Tensile tests of as-printed alloys showed a yield strength of 570 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 756 MPa, and an elongation to failure of 10%. The tensile properties were analyzed based on the observed microstructure considering grain size, nanoscale precipitates, and the high density of dislocations.
Synthesis and Characterization of Indium-Doped SnO2-Based Impedance Spectroscopy Sensor for Real-Time Humidity Sensing Applications
Authors: Alemayehu Birhanu , Shin Eunsung , Vasilyev Vladimir , Subramanyam Guru
Published: January 2024

Metallic transition-metal dichalcogenides are emerging as promising electrode materials for applications such as 2D electronic devices owing to their good electrical conductivity. In this study, a high-performance humidity sensor based on NbTe2 electrode material and an indium-doped SnO2 thin film sensing layer was fabricated using a pulsed laser deposition system. The morphology, structural, elemental compositions, and electrical properties of the as-deposited samples were characterized. Additionally, the humidity sensing response of the fabricated sensor with In-doped SnO2 (8:92 wt%) sensing film was evaluated in a wide range of relative humidity at room temperature. The results demonstrated that the humidity sensor based on In-doped SnO2 exhibited a high sensitivity of 103.1 Ω/%RH, fast response and recovery times, a low hysteresis value, good linearity, and repeatability. In addition, the sensor had good long-term stability, with a variation in impedance of less than 3%. The results indicated that the humidity sensor could be suitable for practical humidity sensing applications.
Influence of Salting on Physicochemical and Sensory Parameters of Blue-Veined Cheeses
Authors: López González Noemí , Abarquero Daniel , Combarros-Fuertes Patricia , Prieto Bernardo , Fresno José María , Tornadijo María Eugenia
Published: January 2024

Salting influences microbial growth, enzymatic activity, and biochemical reactions during ripening, thus contributing to the final quality of cheese. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different salting methods (dry salting at 12, 24, and 48 h; salting in brine; and salting of partially drained curd, before moulding) on the chemical (moisture and salt content), physicochemical (pH, titratable acidity, and water activity), and sensory characteristics (texture profile analysis, colour, and sensory attributes) of industrial blue-veined cheese. Dry-salted cheeses had lower moisture content and water activity, and higher salt/moisture content and acidity than those salted in brine and in the partially drained curd. Dry-salted cheeses were also characterised by higher values for hardness, fracturability, and instrumental gumminess. Dry-salted cheeses showed differences only in the red/green colour component (a*), with the cheeses salted in the partially drained curd being less greenish. All cheeses scored high (around 7) in the tasters’ overall impression, with the dry-salted cheeses at 12 and 24 h showing optimal growth and distribution of mould, as well as better flavour and texture.
Radiomics and Artificial Intelligence in Radiotheranostics: A Review of Applications for Radioligands Targeting Somatostatin Receptors and Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigens
Authors: Yazdani Elmira , Geramifar Parham , Karamzade-Ziarati Najme , Sadeghi Mahdi , Amini Payam , Rahmim Arman
Published: January 2024

Radiotheranostics refers to the pairing of radioactive imaging biomarkers with radioactive therapeutic compounds that deliver ionizing radiation. Given the introduction of very promising radiopharmaceuticals, the radiotheranostics approach is creating a novel paradigm in personalized, targeted radionuclide therapies (TRTs), also known as radiopharmaceuticals (RPTs). Radiotherapeutic pairs targeting somatostatin receptors (SSTR) and prostate-specific membrane antigens (PSMA) are increasingly being used to diagnose and treat patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and prostate cancer. In parallel, radiomics and artificial intelligence (AI), as important areas in quantitative image analysis, are paving the way for significantly enhanced workflows in diagnostic and theranostic fields, from data and image processing to clinical decision support, improving patient selection, personalized treatment strategies, response prediction, and prognostication. Furthermore, AI has the potential for tremendous effectiveness in patient dosimetry which copes with complex and time-consuming tasks in the RPT workflow. The present work provides a comprehensive overview of radiomics and AI application in radiotheranostics, focusing on pairs of SSTR- or PSMA-targeting radioligands, describing the fundamental concepts and specific imaging/treatment features. Our review includes ligands radiolabeled by 68Ga, 18F, 177Lu, 64Cu, 90Y, and 225Ac. Specifically, contributions via radiomics and AI towards improved image acquisition, reconstruction, treatment response, segmentation, restaging, lesion classification, dose prediction, and estimation as well as ongoing developments and future directions are discussed.
Relationship between Volitional and Non-Volitional Quadriceps Muscle Endurance in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Stoffels Anouk A. F. , Allard Neeltje A. E. , Spruit Martijn A. , Klijn Peter , Hopman Maria T. E. , Meys Roy , Franssen Frits M. E. , Timmers Silvie , van den Borst Bram , van Hees Hieronymus W. H.
Published: January 2024

Volitional assessment of quadriceps muscle endurance is clinically relevant in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, studies that determine the construct validity of volitional tests by comparing them to non-volitional measures are lacking. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to evaluate the correlation between volitional and non-volitional quadriceps muscle endurance in patients with COPD. Quadriceps muscle endurance was evaluated in twenty-six patients with COPD. A volitional isometric and a volitional isokinetic protocol were performed on a computerised dynamometer to determine the isometric time and isokinetic work fatigue index, respectively. Non-volitional assessment of quadriceps muscle endurance was evaluated using repetitive electrical stimulations to establish the isometric muscle force decline. Sixteen patients (61 ± 8 years, 63% male, FEV1 47 (32–53)%) performed all three quadriceps endurance tests conforming to pre-defined test criteria. Both volitional isometric time and isokinetic work fatigue index did not significantly correlate with non-volitional muscle force decline (both p > 0.05). There was a strong correlation between volitional isometric time and isokinetic work fatigue index (rho = −0.716, p = 0.002). To conclude, this study suggests that volitional measures evaluate partly different aspects of quadriceps muscle endurance compared to non-volitional measures. Accordingly, these outcome measures cannot be used interchangeably.
Design Thinking in Higher Education Case Studies: Disciplinary Contrasts between Cultural Heritage and Language and Technology
Authors: Griffith Mary , Lechuga-Jimenez Clotilde
Published: January 2024

Design thinking is a set of cognitive, strategic, and practical procedures used in innovation. This article argues that this approach varies across disciplines. The contexts for this study are two higher educational frameworks where language and technology have different aims and target unique skill sets and where transdisciplinarity is crucial. In our contrastive case study, we use a four-step model to compare two contexts. QUAN(qual) → QUAL mixed methodology is used which includes a quantitative and a qualitative comparative analysis. Context one takes place in an education faculty and focuses on developing cultural heritage. Context two takes place within a research project on linguistics and telecommunications involving linguistic analysis and bioelectrical measurement. Our findings indicate that there are clear and specific differences between the two domains when approaching design thinking. We observe that engineers seem to have a tangible final product in mind at each step of the process, while in the social sciences, the construct is more humanistic in its approach and works towards multiple tangible goals, including an examination of the existing needs in the community. The novelty of the study is the applied approach it takes in treating transdisciplinarity as a skill that is essential both in research as well as in the teaching–learning process.