bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sorption of Cu(II) Ions on Chitosan-Zeolite X Composites: Impact of Gelling and Drying Conditions
Authors: Djelad Amal , Morsli Amine , Robitzer Mike , Bengueddach Abdelkader , Di Renzo Francesco , Quignard Françoise
Published: January 2016

Chitosan-zeolite Na-X composite beads with open porosity and different zeolite contents were prepared by an encapsulation method. Preparation conditions had to be optimised in order to stabilize the zeolite network during the polysaccharide gelling process. Composites and pure reference components were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD); scanning electron microscopy (SEM); N2 adsorption–desorption; and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Cu(II) sorption was investigated at pH 6. The choice of drying method used for the storage of the adsorbent severely affects the textural properties of the composite and the copper sorption effectiveness. The copper sorption capacity of chitosan hydrogel is about 190 mg·g−1. More than 70% of this capacity is retained when the polysaccharide is stored as an aerogel after supercrititcal CO2 drying, but nearly 90% of the capacity is lost after evaporative drying to a xerogel. Textural data and Cu(II) sorption data indicate that the properties of the zeolite-polysaccharide composites are not just the sum of the properties of the individual components. Whereas a chitosan coating impairs the accessibility of the microporosity of the zeolite; the presence of the zeolite improves the stability of the dispersion of chitosan upon supercritical drying and increases the affinity of the composites for Cu(II) cations. Chitosan-zeolite aerogels present Cu(II) sorption properties.
Inter-Comparison of S-NPP VIIRS and Aqua MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands Using Hyperspectral Infrared Sounder Measurements as a Transfer Reference
Authors: Li Yonghong , Wu Aisheng , Xiong Xiaoxiong
Published: January 2016

This paper compares the calibration consistency of the spectrally-matched thermal emissive bands (TEB) between the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), using observations from their simultaneous nadir overpasses (SNO). Nearly-simultaneous hyperspectral measurements from the Aqua Atmospheric Infrared Sounder(AIRS) and the S-NPP Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) are used to account for existing spectral response differences between MODIS and VIIRS TEB. The comparison uses VIIRS Sensor Data Records (SDR) in MODIS five-minute granule format provided by the NASA Land Product and Evaluation and Test Element (PEATE) and Aqua MODIS Collection 6 Level 1 B (L1B) products. Each AIRS footprint of 13.5 km (or CrIS field of view of 14 km) is co-located with multiple MODIS (or VIIRS) pixels. The corresponding AIRS- and CrIS-simulated MODIS and VIIRS radiances are derived by convolutions based on sensor-dependent relative spectral response (RSR) functions. The VIIRS and MODIS TEB calibration consistency is evaluated and the two sensors agreed within 0.2 K in brightness temperature. Additional factors affecting the comparison such as geolocation and atmospheric water vapor content are also discussed in this paper.
Reduction of Aflatoxins in Apricot Kernels by Electronic and Manual Color Sorting
Authors: Zivoli Rosanna , Gambacorta Lucia , Piemontese Luca , Solfrizzo Michele
Published: January 2016

The efficacy of color sorting on reducing aflatoxin levels in shelled apricot kernels was assessed. Naturally-contaminated kernels were submitted to an electronic optical sorter or blanched, peeled, and manually sorted to visually identify and sort discolored kernels (dark and spotted) from healthy ones. The samples obtained from the two sorting approaches were ground, homogenized, and analysed by HPLC-FLD for their aflatoxin content. A mass balance approach was used to measure the distribution of aflatoxins in the collected fractions. Aflatoxin B1 and B2 were identified and quantitated in all collected fractions at levels ranging from 1.7 to 22,451.5 µg/kg of AFB1 + AFB2, whereas AFG1 and AFG2 were not detected. Excellent results were obtained by manual sorting of peeled kernels since the removal of discolored kernels (2.6%–19.9% of total peeled kernels) removed 97.3%–99.5% of total aflatoxins. The combination of peeling and visual/manual separation of discolored kernels is a feasible strategy to remove 97%–99% of aflatoxins accumulated in naturally-contaminated samples. Electronic optical sorter gave highly variable results since the amount of AFB1 + AFB2 measured in rejected fractions (15%–18% of total kernels) ranged from 13% to 59% of total aflatoxins. An improved immunoaffinity-based HPLC-FLD method having low limits of detection for the four aflatoxins (0.01–0.05 µg/kg) was developed and used to monitor the occurrence of aflatoxins in 47 commercial products containing apricot kernels and/or almonds commercialized in Italy. Low aflatoxin levels were found in 38% of the tested samples and ranged from 0.06 to 1.50 μg/kg for AFB1 and from 0.06 to 1.79 μg/kg for total aflatoxins.
Auspices d’investiture, loi curiate et légitimité des magistrats romains
Authors: Van Haeperen Françoise
Published: January 2016

Examinée à la lumière des auspices d’entrée en charge des magistrats, la loi curiate fait ici l’objet d’une interprétation profondément renouvelée. Les comices curiates ont subsisté auspiciorum causa, non pas en raison d’un droit d’auspices qu’aurait attribué la loi curiate mais à cause des auspices que prenait tout magistrat à l’aube de son entrée en charge. Cette loi conférait aux magistrats une légitimité totale, après leur élection mais aussi après que les dieux avaient, lors des auspices d’entrée en charge, confirmé le choix posé par le peuple. Si l’on accepte cette interprétation, il apparaît que les textes relatifs à la loi curiate, qui jusqu’alors semblaient en partie contradictoires, peuvent recevoir un nouvel éclairage et faire l’objet d’une lecture cohérente.
Un pôle d'immigration dans la haute montagne pyrénéenne : l'Andorre
Authors: Taillefer François
Published: January 2016

Andorra, a mountain immigration center. Contrasting with the depopulation trend of the whole inner Pyrenees, Andorra is an active immigration center. Its population was increased from 4 000 to 40 000 inhabitants since the Second world war, so that the agglomeration of Andorra-la-Vella - Les Escaldes - Engordany has to day a larger population than Foix, Pamiers or la Seu d'Urgell. Being free from customs and excises, Andorra became a duty-free market center and trade benefits were turned into investments for winter or summer tourism equipments. Some immigrants are retired people or second houses' buyers from affluent parts of the E.E.C., but most of them are busy in trade and services activities. The greater number comes from Spain and Spaniards presently account for 58 % of the Andorran population, and Andorra born people for 17,5 % only ; therefore local authorities and the native society are confronted with a major problem of integration of these foreigners.
Le vignoble bordelais : un monde en mouvement
Authors: Roudié Philippe
Published: January 2016

Depuis dix ans le vignoble bordelais évolue rapidement ; la perte des surfaces en vignes, maintenant stabilisées autour de 100 000 hectares, s'accompagne de la concentration des propriétés viticoles qui sont de plus en plus nombreuses à se parer... du titre de « château ». La production dont la qualité s'améliore sans cesse grâce à un encépagement simplifié, est constituée aux deux tiers de vin rouge et part pour un tiers aux exportations surtout dirigées vers l'Amérique du Nord et l'Europe septentrionale. Mais la structure interne évolue tout aussi rapidement avec de grandes manœuvres financières dans le vignoble et les maisons de négoce de Bordeaux.
Counterion effects on nano-confined metal–drug–DNA complexes
Authors: Biswas Nupur , Chakraborty Sreeja , Datta Alokmay , Sarkar Munna , Mukhopadhyay Mrinmay K , Bera Mrinal K , Seto Hideki
Published: January 2016

We have explored morphology of DNA molecules bound with Cu complexes of piroxicam (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) molecules under one-dimensional confinement of thin films and have studied the effect of counterions present in a buffer. X-ray reflectivity at and away from the Cu K absorption edge and atomic force microscopy studies reveal that confinement segregates the drug molecules preferentially in a top layer of the DNA film, and counterions enhance this segregation.
Supramolecular structures based on regioisomers of cinnamyl-α-cyclodextrins – new media for capillary separation techniques
Authors: Benkovics Gabor , Hodek Ondrej , Havlikova Martina , Bosakova Zuzana , Coufal Pavel , Malanga Milo , Fenyvesi Eva , Darcsi Andras , Beni Szabolcs , Jindrich Jindrich
Published: January 2016

This work focuses on the preparation and application of supramolecular structures based on mono-cinnamyl-α-cyclodextrins (Cin-α-CD). Pure regioisomers of Cin-α-CD having the cinnamyl moiety at the 2-O- or at the 3-O-position, respectively, were prepared, characterized and applied in capillary electrophoresis as additives to the background electrolyte. These new monomer units with a potential to self-organize into supramolecular structures were synthesized via a straightforward one-step synthetic procedure and purified using preparative reversed-phase chromatography allowing a large scale separation of the regioisomers. The ability of the monomers to self-assemble was proved by various methods including NMR spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The light scattering experiments showed that the monomer units have distinguishable ability to form supramolecular structures in different solvents and the size distribution of the aggregates in water can be easily modulated using different external stimuli, such as temperature or competitive guest molecules. The obtained results indicated that the two regioisomers of Cin-α-CD formed different supramolecular assemblies highlighting the fact that the position of the cinnamyl group plays an important role in the intermolecular complex formation.
JEANS ANALYSIS OF THE GALACTIC THICK DISK AND THE LOCAL DARK MATTER DENSITY
Authors: Sánchez-Salcedo F. J. , Flynn Chris , Diego J. A. de
Published: January 2016

Dynamical estimates of the mass surface density at the solar radius can be made up to a height of 4 kpc using thick disk stars as tracers of the potential. We investigate why different Jeans estimators of the local surface density lead to puzzling and conflicting results. Using the Jeans equations, we compute the vertical (F

z
) and radial (F

R
) components of the gravitational force, as well as Γ(z), which is defined as

, with

. If we assume that the thick disk does not flare and that all the components of the velocity dispersion tensor of the thick disk have a uniform radial scalelength of 3.5 kpc, Γ takes implausibly large negative values when using the currently available kinematical data of the thick disk. This implies that the input parameters or the model assumptions must be revised. We have explored, using a simulated thick disk, the impact of the assumption that the scalelengths of the density and velocity dispersions do not depend on the vertical height z above the midplane. In the absence of any information about how these scale radii depend on z, we define a different strategy. By using a parameterized Galactic potential, we find that acceptable fits to F

z
, F

R
, and Γ are obtained for a flaring thick disk and a spherical dark matter (DM) halo with a local density ≳0.0064 M
⊙ pc−3. Disk-like DM distributions may be also compatible with the current data of the thick disk. A precise measurement of Γ at the midplane could be very useful for discriminating between models.
FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT DISPERSION MEASURES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PULSAR TIMING
Authors: Cordes J. M. , Shannon R. M. , Stinebring D. R.
Published: January 2016

The dispersion measure (DM), the column density of free electrons to a pulsar, is shown to be frequency dependent because of multipath scattering from small-scale electron-density fluctuations. DMs vary between propagation paths whose transverse extent varies strongly with frequency, yielding arrival times that deviate from the high-frequency scaling expected for a cold, uniform, unmagnetized plasma (1/frequency2). Scaling laws for thin phase screens are verified with simulations; extended media are also analyzed. The rms DM difference across an octave band near 1.5 GHz is ∼ 4 × 10−5 pc cm−3 for pulsars at ∼1 kpc distance. The corresponding arrival-time variations are a few to hundreds of nanoseconds for DM ≲ 30 pc cm−3 but increase rapidly to microseconds or more for larger DMs and wider frequency ranges. Chromatic DMs introduce correlated noise into timing residuals with a power spectrum of “low pass” form. The correlation time is roughly the geometric mean of the refraction times for the highest and lowest radio frequencies used, ranging from days to years, depending on the pulsar. We discuss implications for methodologies that use large frequency separations or wide bandwidth receivers for timing measurements. Chromatic DMs are partially mitigable by including an additional chromatic term in arrival time models. Without mitigation, an additional term in the noise model for pulsar timing is implied. In combination with measurement errors from radiometer noise, an arbitrarily large increase in total frequency range (or bandwidth) will yield diminishing benefits and may be detrimental to overall timing precision.
RESONANT REMOVAL OF EXOMOONS DURING PLANETARY MIGRATION
Authors: Spalding Christopher , Batygin Konstantin , Adams Fred C.
Published: January 2016

Jupiter and Saturn play host to an impressive array of satellites, making it reasonable to suspect that similar systems of moons might exist around giant extrasolar planets. Furthermore, a significant population of such planets is known to reside at distances of several Astronomical Units (AU), leading to speculation that some moons thereof might support liquid water on their surfaces. However, giant planets are thought to undergo inward migration within their natal protoplanetary disks, suggesting that gas giants currently occupying their host star’s habitable zone formed farther out. Here we show that when a moon-hosting planet undergoes inward migration, dynamical interactions may naturally destroy the moon through capture into a so-called evection resonance. Within this resonance, the lunar orbit’s eccentricity grows until the moon eventually collides with the planet. Our work suggests that moons orbiting within about ∼10 planetary radii are susceptible to this mechanism, with the exact number dependent on the planetary mass, oblateness, and physical size. Whether moons survive or not is critically related to where the planet began its inward migration, as well as the character of interlunar perturbations. For example, a Jupiter-like planet currently residing at 1 AU could lose moons if it formed beyond ∼5 AU. Cumulatively, we suggest that an observational census of exomoons could potentially inform us on the extent of inward planetary migration, for which no reliable observational proxy currently exists.
A POPULATION OF INTERMEDIATE-MASS BLACK HOLES IN DWARF STARBURST GALAXIES UP TO REDSHIFT = 1.5
Authors: Mezcua M. , Civano F. , Fabbiano G. , Miyaji T. , Marchesi S.
Published: January 2016

We study a sample of ∼50,000 dwarf starburst and late-type galaxies drawn from the COSMOS survey with the aim of investigating the presence of nuclear accreting black holes (BHs) as those seed BHs from which supermassive BHs could grow in the early universe. We divide the sample into five complete redshift bins up to z = 1.5 and perform an X-ray stacking analysis using the Chandra COSMOS-Legacy survey data. After removing the contribution from X-ray binaries and hot gas to the stacked X-ray emission, we still find an X-ray excess in the five redshift bins that can be explained by nuclear accreting BHs. This X-ray excess is more significant for

. At higher redshifts, these active galactic nuclei could suffer mild obscuration, as indicated by the analysis of their hardness ratios. The average nuclear X-ray luminosities in the soft band are in the range 1039–1040 erg s−1. Assuming that the sources accrete at ≥1% the Eddington rate, their BH masses would be ≤105

, thus in the intermediate-mass BH regime, but their mass would be smaller than the one predicted by the BH-stellar mass relation. If instead the sources follow the correlation between BH mass and stellar mass, they would have sub-Eddington accreting rates of ∼10−3 and BH masses 1–9 × 105

. We thus conclude that a population of intermediate-mass BHs exists in dwarf starburst galaxies, at least up to z = 1.5, though their detection beyond the local universe is challenging due to their low luminosity and mild obscuration unless deep surveys are employed.
FRONTIER FIELDS: SUBARU WEAK-LENSING ANALYSIS OF THE MERGING GALAXY CLUSTER A2744*
Authors: Medezinski Elinor , Umetsu Keiichi , Okabe Nobuhiro , Nonino Mario , Molnar Sandor , Massey Richard , Dupke Renato , Merten Julian
Published: January 2016

We present a weak-lensing analysis of the merging Frontier Fields (FF) cluster Abell 2744 using new Subaru/Suprime-Cam imaging. The wide-field lensing mass distribution reveals this cluster is comprised of four distinct substructures. Simultaneously modeling the two-dimensional reduced shear field using a combination of a Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) model for the main core and truncated NFW models for the subhalos, we determine their masses and locations. The total mass of the system is constrained as

The most massive clump is the southern component with

followed by the western substructure (

) and two smaller substructures to the northeast (

) and northwest (

). The presence of the four substructures supports the picture of multiple mergers. Using a composite of hydrodynamical binary simulations we explain this complicated system without the need for a “slingshot” effect to produce the northwest X-ray interloper, as previously proposed. The locations of the substructures appear to be offset from both the gas (

arcsec, 90% CL) and the galaxies (

arcsec, 90% CL) in the case of the northwestern and western subhalos. To confirm or refute these findings, high resolution space-based observations extending beyond the current FF limited coverage to the west and northwestern area are essential.
EXTENDING COSMOLOGICAL TESTS OF GENERAL RELATIVITY WITH THE SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY
Authors: Bull Philip
Published: January 2016

Tests of general relativity (GR) are still in their infancy on cosmological scales, but forthcoming experiments promise to greatly improve their precision over a wide range of distance scales and redshifts. One such experiment, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), will carry out several wide and deep surveys of resolved and unresolved neutral hydrogen (H i) 21 cm line-emitting galaxies, mapping a significant fraction of the sky from

. I present forecasts for the ability of a suite of possible SKA H i surveys to detect deviations from GR by reconstructing the cosmic expansion and growth history. SKA Phase 1 intensity mapping surveys can achieve sub-1% measurements of

out to

, with an SKA1-MID Band 2 survey out to z ≲ 0.6 able to surpass contemporary spectroscopic galaxy surveys such as DESI and Euclid in terms of constraints on modified gravity parameters if challenges such as foreground contamination can be tackled effectively. A more futuristic Phase 2 H i survey of

spectroscopic galaxy redshifts would be capable of detecting a

modification of the Poisson equation out to z ≈ 2.
VARIABILITY IN HOT CARBON-DOMINATED ATMOSPHERE (HOT DQ) WHITE DWARFS: RAPID ROTATION?
Authors: Williams Kurtis A. , Montgomery M. H. , Winget D. E. , Falcon Ross E. , Bierwagen Michael
Published: January 2016

Hot white dwarfs (WDs) with carbon-dominated atmospheres (hot DQs) are a cryptic class of WDs. In addition to their deficiency of hydrogen and helium, most of these stars are highly magnetic, and a large fraction vary in luminosity. This variability has been ascribed to nonradial pulsations, but increasing data call this explanation into question. We present studies of short-term variability in seven hot DQ WDs. Three (SDSS J1426+5752, SDSS J2200−0741, and SDSS J2348−0942) were known to be variable. Their photometric modulations are coherent over at least two years, and we find no evidence for variability at frequencies that are not harmonics. We present the first time-series photometry for three additional hot DQs (SDSS J0236−0734, SDSS J1402+3818, and SDSS J1615+4543); none are observed to vary, but the signal-to-noise is low. Finally, we present high speed photometry for SDSS J0005−1002, known to exhibit a 2.1-day photometric variation; we do not observe any short-term variability. Monoperiodicity is rare among pulsating WDs, so we contemplate whether the photometric variability is due to rotation rather than pulsations; similar hypotheses have been raised by other researchers. If the variability is due to rotation, then hot DQ WDs as a class contain many rapid rotators. Given the lack of companions to these stars, the origin of any fast rotation is unclear—both massive progenitor stars and double degenerate merger remnants are possibilities. We end with suggestions of future work that would best clarify the nature of these rare, intriguing objects.
DRY MERGER RATE AND POST-MERGER FRACTION IN THE COMA CLUSTER CORE
Authors: Cordero Juan P. , Campusano Luis E. , Propris Roberto De , Haines Christopher P. , Weinzirl Tim , Jogee Shardha
Published: January 2016

We evaluate the dry merger activity in the Coma cluster, using a spectroscopically complete sample of 70 red-sequence (RS) galaxies, most of which (∼75%) are located within 0.2R
200 (∼0.5 Mpc) from the cluster center, with data from the Coma Treasury Survey obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. The fraction of close galaxy pairs in the sample is the proxy employed for the estimation of the merger activity. We identify 5 pairs and 1 triplet, enclosing a total of 13 galaxies, based on limits on projected separation and line-of-sight velocity difference. Of these systems, none show signs of ongoing interaction, and therefore we do not find any true mergers in our sample. This negative result sets a 1σ upper limit of 1.5% per Gyr for the major dry merger rate, consistent with the low rates expected in present-day clusters. Detailed examination of the images of all the RS galaxies in the sample reveals only one with low surface brightness features identifiable as the remnant of a past merger or interaction, implying a post-merger fraction below 2%.
THE UNUSUAL SUPER-LUMINOUS SUPERNOVAE SN 2011KL AND ASASSN-15LH
Authors: Bersten Melina C. , Benvenuto Omar G. , Orellana Mariana , Nomoto Ken’ichi
Published: January 2016

Two recently discovered very luminous supernovae (SNe) present stimulating cases to explore the extents of the available theoretical models. SN 2011kl represents the first detection of a supernova explosion associated with an ultra-long duration gamma-ray burst. ASASSN-15lh was even claimed as the most luminous SN ever discovered, challenging the scenarios so far proposed for stellar explosions. Here we use our radiation hydrodynamics code in order to simulate magnetar-powered SNe. To avoid explicitly assuming neutron star properties, we adopt the magnetar luminosity and spin-down timescale as free parameters of the model. We find that the light curve (LC) of SN 2011kl is consistent with a magnetar power source, as previously proposed, but we note that some amount of 56Ni (

) is necessary to explain the low contrast between the LC peak and tail. For the case of ASASSN-15lh, we find physically plausible magnetar parameters that reproduce the overall shape of the LC provided the progenitor mass is relatively large (an ejecta mass of

). The ejecta hydrodynamics of this event is dominated by the magnetar input, while the effect is more moderate for SN 2011kl. We conclude that a magnetar model may be used for the interpretation of these events and that the hydrodynamical modeling is necessary to derive the properties of powerful magnetars and their progenitors.
SPATIALLY RESOLVED DUST MAPS FROM BALMER DECREMENTS IN GALAXIES AT z ∼ 1.4
Authors: Nelson Erica June , Dokkum Pieter G. van , Momcheva Ivelina G. , Brammer Gabriel B. , Wuyts Stijn , Franx Marijn , Schreiber Natascha M. Förster , Whitaker Katherine E. , Skelton Rosalind E.
Published: January 2016

We derive average radial gradients in the dust attenuation toward H ii regions in 609 galaxies at z ∼ 1.4, using measurements of the Balmer decrement out to r ∼ 3 kpc. The Balmer decrements are derived from spatially resolved maps of Hα and Hβ emission from the 3D-HST survey. We find that with increasing stellar mass M both the normalization and strength of the gradient in dust attenuation increases. Galaxies with a mean mass of

M
⊙ have little dust attenuation at all radii, whereas galaxies with

M
⊙ have A
Hα
 ≈ 2 mag in their central regions. We parameterize this as

, with

, c = −1.9–2.2 log M
10, r in kpc, and M
10 the stellar mass in units of 1010
M
⊙. This expression can be used to correct spatially resolved measurements of Hα to radial distributions of star formation. When applied to our data, we find that the star formation rates (SFRs) in the central r < 1 kpc of galaxies in the highest mass bin are ∼6 M
⊙ yr−1, six times higher than before correction and approximately half of the total SFR of these galaxies. If this high central SFR is maintained for several Gyr, a large fraction of the stars in present-day bulges likely formed in situ.
Transmission, automaticité, limite
Authors: Bosc Patrice
Published: January 2016

Ce texte pose les questions suivantes : qu’est-ce que transmettre, selon quel axe, vertical, horizontal ? Qu’est-ce que transmettre dans un contexte d’automatisation des procédés ? Quelle place pour l’homme ? Quelle est la place du corps et de la vie psychique dans la transmission ? Faut-il limiter la volonté de transmission ? La montée de procédures automatisées ne conduit-elle pas à la disparition de la transmission ?
Quand cela ne passe pas...
Authors: Furno Isabelle
Published: January 2016

Ce texte est le résultat d’une réflexion élaborée à travers l’observation d’une demande sociale et de son impact sur les relations entre les professeurs et les élèves. Mais quels que soient la demande et son mode de fonctionnement, transmettre est toujours en corrélation avec le désir de l’autre. C’est un acte de partage, même si ce partage est souvent mis à mal. La nécessité de relations sociales plus harmonieuses au sein des établissements scolaires conditionne la possibilité de pratiques pédagogiques pertinentes et conduisant à la réussite.
De l’à-part à l’appartenance, la lecture et la transmission
Authors: Thorel Christian
Published: January 2016

Dans un premier état, très différent, ce texte fit l’objet d’une intervention sur le thème de la « communauté » au Banquet du Livre à Lagrasse, en 2013. Profondément revu, le propos fut repris pour une conférence dans le cadre des Journées d’art thérapie sur le thème « Transmettre », organisées en mai 2015. Cette version, largement revue dans son écriture pour ce numéro d’ Empan , lie les deux thèmes de la transmission et de la communauté, qui pourraient répondre ensemble et de manière fusionnelle aux réflexions auxquelles nos métiers des livres nous invitent.
Le théâtre-forum met sur scène les sans-voix
Authors: Faucoup Yves
Published: January 2016

Le théâtre-forum est une pratique, inventée par Augusto Boal, de plus en plus utilisée par des professionnels du secteur éducatif et social. Car il permet de mettre l’« usager » au cœur de l’action sociale, de le considérer pleinement comme citoyen. Outre la prise de parole qu’il facilite, le sentiment d’estime de soi et d’utilité qu’il instaure, les moyens de défense qu’il aide à repérer, il doit être perçu comme allant au-delà d’une simple pratique professionnelle intéressante : la philosophie qui l’anime pourrait judicieusement redynamiser toute l’action éducative et sociale afin qu’elle soit, conformément aux souhaits exprimés jadis par Nicole Questiaux, « réellement libératrice ».
Paroles d’anciens
Authors: Pépin Marie-Claude , Roucoules Alain
Published: January 2016

Si la prise en charge éducative des jeunes dits aux comportements difficiles est souvent une gageure, elle engage, plus que toute autre, les professionnels à réfléchir au sens des pratiques éducatives et institutionnelles. Une autre démarche consiste à rencontrer des « anciens » des établissements, devenus adultes, et à échanger avec eux sur ces temps de leur vie partagés avec des éducateurs et des jeunes accueillis comme eux. Leurs paroles apportent une aide à la compréhension de ce qui se joue dans ces lieux et ces rencontres. Par delà, comment pourraient-ils être des « aidants », enrichissant l’actuel d’une institution de leur expérience d’hier ?
Quand la fiction aide les enfants
Authors: Denis Sophie E.
Published: January 2016

L’enseignement du français au collège permet d’aborder de nombreuses problématiques qui agitent les enfants et adolescents d’origines diverses : inceste, homosexualité, drogue, image de soi, vie après la mort. L’étude de textes littéraires et la pratique du théâtre permettent un dialogue productif sur leur quête identitaire et les difficultés qu’ils rencontrent à l’école.
Travail social et psychanalyse : un projet de recherche à l’Institut Saint-Simon arseaa
Authors: Terral François
Published: January 2016

Le projet de recherche mené à l’Institut Saint-Simon arseaa autour des liens qui existent entre le travail social et la psychanalyse est l’occasion de réfléchir plus globalement à la question de la recherche en travail social. La clarification apportée par la conférence de consensus initiée et portée par la dgcs en 2013 permet de situer tout le sens d’une telle démarche dès lors qu’elle est menée par les acteurs du travail social. Comme objet de recherche, l’articulation du travail social à la psychanalyse forme un champ important à travailler, en ce qu’elle est fondatrice d’une part de l’identité des métiers du travail social.
L’autoformation comme activité
Authors: Pécaud Sophie , Nagels Marc
Published: January 2016

Cette étude approche l’autoformation selon un angle inédit, celui des stratégies cognitives et métacognitives développées par les personnes engagées dans un projet d’autoformation. Elle est fondée sur une démarche quasi expérimentale conduite dans deux médiathèques de Loire-Atlantique en mai et juin 2014, combinant des mises en situation, des observations et des entretiens. Le cadre théorique dans lequel s’inscrit l’analyse des données récoltées est celui de la conceptualisation dans l’action, et plus particulièrement de la didactique professionnelle. L’analyse s’attache ainsi à décrire et à caractériser les situations d’autoformation observées selon les grands concepts de la didactique professionnelle. Elle aboutit à des résultats nouveaux qui contribuent à une meilleure connaissance opérationnelle de l’autoformation, et indiquent des pistes pour un accompagnement plus efficace des pratiques d’autoformation.
Effect of training on plasma myeloperoxidase concentrations measured before and following intense exercise in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Fonseca R.G. , Kenny D.A. , McGivney B.A. , Murphy B.A. , Hill E.W. , Katz L.M.
Published: January 2016

Exercise in horses induces neutrophil degranulation and subsequent increases in plasma myeloperoxidase concentrations (MPO). It is not known whether this response is affected by training or the sampling time in relation to exercise. Our objective was to evaluate plasma MPO concentration at different time points in response to exercise in Thoroughbreds before and following high-intensity training and to evaluate relationships between plasma MPO concentration, physiological measurements and performance. Throughbred racehorses in active training and racing (n=26) performed an exercise test on a high-speed treadmill at least once at the beginning (first three months), middle (second three months) or end (last three months) of a nine month training period with training intensity (number of fast work sessions) collated for each period. Heart rate, speed and distance were recorded and venous blood collected before (T0), during and up to maximal speed (TVmax), 5 min (T5min) and 4 h (T4h) following exercise for measurement of plasma lactate, serum creatine kinase concentration, plasma MPO concentration, white blood count (WBC), neutrophil count (Neut), lymphocyte count and neutrophil percentage (%Neut). WBC increased above T0values at all sampling points with no training effect. Neut and %Neut increased above T0values at T4h, while values at TVmax, T5minand T4hincreased as training duration increased. Plasma MPO concentration increased above T0values at all sampling points in response to exercise with all values increasing as training duration increased. Training intensity did not affect any of the measurements, correlations were not identified between any of the biological markers including MPO and physiological and training measurements and no differences were identified between elite versus non-elite horses. It was concluded that plasma MPO concentration is affected by exercise and training duration, and that further investigation of plasma MPO as an assessor of fitness and readiness for competition is warranted.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review for General Pediatricians
Authors: Kridler Jordan , Kamat Deepak
Published: January 2016

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and altered bowel habits. The bothersome and chronic nature of IBS symptoms negatively affects patients' activity level and quality of life, imparting an economic burden on the patient, the family, and the health care system. Research is still trying to elicit a clear pathophysiologic mechanism for IBS, and its clinical presentation and manifestations vary from patient to patient. The importance of a comprehensive history and physical examination cannot be emphasized enough in the diagnosis of IBS, as to date there are no specific laboratory studies that will confirm the diagnosis. There is currently no cure for IBS, and treatments range from a broad range of medications, to cognitive-behavioral therapy, to hyponotherapy. This review highlights recent advances in research on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and management of IBS.

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Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(1):e30–e33.]
Reducing Cumulative Arm Overuse Injuries in Young Throwers
Authors: Schlechter John A.
Published: January 2016

As year-round participation in youth sports continues to increase, health care practitioners treating child and adolescent athletes will commonly see injuries that are secondary to overuse. Starting with a clinical vignette, this article describes proximal humeral physeal injuries in youth throwers, examines causative factors, reviews common therapeutic modalities, and focuses on preventive measures aimed at reducing such cumulative arm overuse injuries.

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Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(1):e15–e20.]
Use of Electrocardiogram as Part of the Preparticipation Examination
Authors: Chain Kelly , Gregory Andrew
Published: January 2016

A sudden cardiac event or death in a young athlete is a traumatic and memorable event. These tragic events have long-lasting and widespread influences that not only affect the person's immediate family, but also have profound effects on the team, school, and entire community. Over the past several decades there has been a significant research effort in the area of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in athletes in hopes of decreasing preventable deaths. One area of research and discussion that has emerged is the use of electrocardiograms (EKGs) in preparticipation screening examinations as a tool to help identify athletes at risk for SCD. The use of an EKG in addition to a detailed history and physical examination is a controversial and frequently debated topic. To help sort through some of the controversy, this article discusses some of the pros and cons of incorporating the EKG as a screening modality in the preparticipation evaluation for clearance to participate in sports.

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Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(1):e26–e29.]
Gynecologic Concerns in the Adolescent Girl
Authors: Merens Teri A.
Published: January 2016

The ever-evolving role of the health care provider can present a variety of challenges, not the least of which is becoming familiar with basic knowledge of other specialties, including gynecologic care. The primary care office provides a comfortable, familiar environment in which the patient can seek medical attention. It is essential that most pediatric offices be equipped to deal with basic adolescent gynecologic care, and that their patients have access to sensitive and confidential care.

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Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(1):e4–e7.]
Stock assessment for the western winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) using environmentally dependent surplus production models
Authors: Wang Jintao , Yu Wei , Chen Xinjun , Chen Yong
Published: January 2016

The western winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartramii, is targeted by Chinese squidjigging fisheries in the northwest Pacific from August to November. Because this squid has a short lifespan and is an ecological opportunist, the dynamics of its stock is greatly influenced by the environmental conditions, which need to be considered in its assessment and management. In this study, an environmentally dependent surplus production (EDSP) model was developed to evaluate the stock dynamics of O. bartramii. Temporal variability of favourable spawning habitat with sea surface temperature (SST) of 21-25°C (Ps) was assumed to influence carrying capacity (K), while temporal variability in favourable feeding habitat areas with different SST ranges in different months (Pf) was assumed to influence intrinsic growth rate (r). The parameters K and r in the EDSP model were thus assumed to be linked to temporal variability in the proportion of Ps and Pf, respectively. According to Deviance Information Criterion values, the estimated EDSP model with Ps was considered to be better than the conventional surplus production model or other EDSP models. For this model, the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) varied from 210000 to 262500 t and biomass at MSY level varied from 360000 to 450000 t. The fishing mortality rates of O. bartramii from 2003 to 2013 were much lower than the fishing mortality at target level and MSY level (Ftar and FMSY) and stock biomass was higher than BMSY, suggesting that this squid was not in the status of overfishing and stock was not overfished. The management reference points in the EDSP model for O. bartramii were more conservative than those in the conventional model. This study suggests that the environmental conditions on the spawning grounds should be considered in squid stock assessment and management in the northwest Pacific Ocean.
Combining literature review, acoustic mapping and in situ observations: an overview of coralligenous assemblages in Liguria (NW Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Cánovas Molina Almudena , Montefalcone Monica , Vassallo Paolo , Morri Carla , Nike Bianchi Carlo , Bavestrello Giorgio
Published: January 2016

A review and update of the existing knowledge on the coralligenous assemblages of Liguria (NW Italy) was conducted as an essential step towards management measures for their conservation according to the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. By combining a literature review, acoustic mapping and in situ observations on a geographic information systems platform, we were able to assess the distribution and heterogeneity of coralligenous assemblages and the main pressures affecting them. The reliability of the literature was previously estimated using a dependability index. The coralligenous assemblages cover an area of 130.9 ha and range from 10 to 113 m depth. Twelve different biological facies (five of them not included in the EUNIS list) were identified and four main geomorphotypes (plungingcliffs, paleocliffs, rockfalls and shoals) were recognized. Incident light values influenced the distribution of four facies in Portofino promontory. Pressures were found on 33% of the coralligenous assemblages investigated, mainly due to fishing activities, mass mortality events, invasive species and occasional mucilaginous events. Our results showed a high spatial, geomorphological and biological heterogeneity of coralligenous assemblages in Liguria.
Spatio-temporal variability of discards in the fishery of the deep-sea red shrimp Aristeus antennatus in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea: implications for management
Authors: Gorelli Giulia , Blanco Marta , Sardà Francesc , Carretón Marta , Company Joan B.
Published: January 2016

In this work we analysed the spatio-temporal variability of discards in the fishery of the deep-sea red shrimp Aristeus antennatus in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. We sampled fishery discards in the fishing grounds of Palamós (the main harbour for this fishery on the Catalan margin), which are located in several areas of a submarine canyon. We found that the discard ratio in this fishery showed a marked seasonal variability, with a maximum in spring and a minimum in summer. Most of the discarded biomass (almost 96%) were of species with no commercial interest. Within these, the most represented group was elasmobranchs, making up to more than 50% of total discarded biomass. Our findings show that the landing obligation established by the EU will have a low impact in mitigating discards in this fishery, as the vast majority of discards are non-commercial species that are not specified in the regulation. Alternative management strategies, such as a temporary fishery closure in spring (when the discard ratio reaches its maximum), should be considered in order to preserve the vulnerable ecosystem hosted by the submarine canyon.
Seismic Retrofitting for Masonry Historical Buildings
Authors: Viskovic Alberto
Published: January 2016

The static and seismic retrofitting design, for masonry historical buildings, has to follow a right hierarchy of interventions, taking into account that to improve the seismic behavior of a masonry structure, it is necessary to guarantee a “closed box” behavior for the whole structural body or, in case of complex buildings, to guarantee a closed box behavior for each building's wing. Thus it is fundamental to distinguish the interventions for the global behavior improvement from those related to local reinforcements. In this chapter is then proposed a scheme of interventions hierarchy and, therefore, a related design process road-map together with the explanation of a correct design philosophy for the static and seismic retrofitting of historical masonry buildings. Moreover it is also reported an example of two distinguished levels of intervention, with numerical analyses supporting that solution.
Electrochemical Technologies for Industrial Effluent Treatment
Authors: Misra Rohit , Rao Neti Nageswara
Published: January 2016

Electrochemical processes are the most adequate tools in the aqueous effluent treatment. The process will not require chemical addition and indeed electrons are the only reactants added to the process to stimulate the reaction. Anodic oxidation of recalcitrant wastewater in a typical electrochemical set-up is particularly interesting because of its ease of operation and scope for scale-up. Nevertheless, electro oxidation in the three-dimensional carbon bed electrodes is a promising process for electrooxidation of effluents containing non-biodegradable organic compounds. The application of three-dimensional carbon bed electrochemical reactor for the degradation of organic pollutant is demonstrated in this chapter. The role of carbon particles in the three-dimensional electrodes reactor is described in this chapter. It has at least two important functions: 1) adsorption of organic compounds from effluents and 2) act as particle electrode. Various operation and design considerations leading to better understanding of carbon bed electrochemical reactors are discussed.
Seismic Assessment via EC8 of Modern Heritage Structures
Authors: Verderame Gerardo M. , De Luca Flavia , Manfredi Gaetano
Published: January 2016

Given the interest earned recently by modern heritage structures, seismic assessment criteria of Eurocode 8, for ordinary reinforced concrete structures, are applied to a modern heritage RC building. The case study, the Tower of the Nations in Naples, allows a discussion on knowledge approaches, analysis methodologies and modeling choices that can be considered. Modal dynamic identification, in situ inspections, and testing provided the necessary knowledge of the structure. Linear and nonlinear models of the structure are built up accounting for tuff infills' stiffness and strength contribution. Numerical modal properties are compared with those obtained through dynamic identification. Lumped plasticity model for reinforced concrete elements and equivalent strut macro models for tuff and concrete infills are employed for the nonlinear model of the structure. Seismic assessment through nonlinear dynamic analyses is carried out for two Limit States. Finally, fragility curves through cloud analysis are obtained for the different limit states considered.
Simulation-Based Scheduling of Waterway Projects Using a Parallel Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Yang Ning , Wang Shiaaulir , Schonfeld Paul
Published: January 2016

A Parallel Genetic Algorithm (PGA) is used for a simulation-based optimization of waterway project schedules. This PGA is designed to distribute a Genetic Algorithm application over multiple processors in order to speed up the solution search procedure for a very large combinational problem. The proposed PGA is based on a global parallel model, which is also called a master-slave model. A Message-Passing Interface (MPI) is used in developing the parallel computing program. A case study is presented, whose results show how the adaption of a simulation-based optimization algorithm to parallel computing can greatly reduce computation time. Additional techniques which are found to further improve the PGA performance include: (1) choosing an appropriate task distribution method, (2) distributing simulation replications instead of different solutions, (3) avoiding the simulation of duplicate solutions, (4) avoiding running multiple simulations simultaneously in shared-memory processors, and (5) avoiding using multiple processors which belong to different clusters (physical sub-networks).