bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histological characterization of the lateral root primordium development in rice
Authors: Ni Jun , Shen Yan-Xia , Zhang Yan-Yan , Liu Yu
Published: May 2014

Background

Lateral root constitutes an important part of root system either in tap root plants or fibrous root plants. The development of lateral root primordium (LRP) in Arabidopsis, which has a tap root system with simple radial structure of primary root, has been well characterized. However, limited knowledge has been acquired on the plants with fibrous root system, such as rice. This is mainly due to their multiple cell layers coated on root, which disturb the observation of LRP.

Results

We used an easy and quick method to strip the epidermal and cortex tissues of primary root so that the LRP can be easily observed under microscope. In this way, we observed the developmental processes of LRP in rice. In addition, we described the expression dynamics of several root development related genes, especially OsPINs (PIN-FORWMED), during the process of LRP development.

Conclusions

We reported an easy and quick method for LRP observation in rice and suggested a “fountain” model of auxin transport in LRP of rice, which is similar with that in Arabidopsis.
The TLR signaling adaptor TRAM interacts with TRAF6 to mediate activation of the inflammatory response by TLR4
Authors: Verstak Brett , Stack Julianne , Ve Thomas , Mangan Matthew , Hjerrild Kathryn , Jeon Jannah , Stahl Rainer , Latz Eicke , Gay Nick , Kobe Bostjan , Bowie Andrew G , Mansell Ashley
Published: May 2014

TLRs act as sentinels in professional immune cells to detect and initiate the innate immune response to pathogen challenge. TLR4 is a widely expressed TLR, responsible for initiating potent immune responses to LPS. TRAM acts to bridge TLR4 with TRIF, orchestrating the inflammatory response to pathogen challenge. We have identified a putative TRAF6-binding motif in TRAM that could mediate a novel signaling function for TRAM in TLR4 signaling. TRAM and TRAF6 association was confirmed by immunoprecipitation of endogenous, ectopically expressed and recombinant proteins, which was ablated upon mutation of a key Glu residue in TRAM (TRAM E183A). TRAF6 and TRAM were observed colocalizing using confocal microscopy following ectopic expression in cells and the ability of TRAM and TRAM E183A to activate luciferase-linked reporter assays was determined in HEK293 and TRAF6-deficient cells. Importantly, TRAM-deficient macrophages reconstituted with TRAM E183A display significantly reduced inflammatory TNF-α, IL-6, and RANTES protein production compared with WT TRAM. These results demonstrate a novel role for TRAM in TLR4-mediated signaling in regulating inflammatory responses via its interaction with TRAF6, distinct from its role as a bridging adaptor between TLR4 and TRIF.
Retrieval of reflections from ambient noise recorded in the Mizil area, Romania
Authors: Panea Ionelia , Draganov Deyan , Almagro Vidal Carlos , Mocanu Victor
Published: May 2014

We applied seismic interferometry (SI) by crosscorrelation to ambient-noise panels recorded in the Mizil area, Romania, aiming to retrieve body-wave reflections. To achieve this goal, surface waves in the noise panels input to SI should be suppressed. We did this by selecting for input to SI-only noise panels that are not dominated by surface waves; the selection was either after visual inspection in the time domain or after automatic slowness evaluation on crosscorrelated panels. The latter used the slowness of arrivals passing through the virtual-source position at time 0 s. We discovered that the automatic slowness-evaluation method allows better retrieval of reflections. From the retrieved reflection gathers, we obtained stacked images of the subsurface. Comparing the SI images to a stacked image from active-source data, we concluded that some retrieved events correspond to reflectors in the active seismic section, including known geologic markers. In a previous application of SI to ambient noise, the retrieved reflections exhibited frequency content lower than that of active data. In our results, the frequency content of the SI retrieved data was comparable to the one of the active data.
Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up
Authors: Chien Wai Tong , Thompson David R.
Published: May 2014

Background

Psychoeducation programmes for people with schizophrenia are shown to reduce relapses but few studies have indicated significant improvements in patients' illness awareness and insight, functioning, symptom severity or rates of readmission to hospital.

Aims

To examine the effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese people with schizophrenia.

Method

A multisite randomised controlled trial was conducted with 107 out-patients with schizophrenia: 36 and 35 received a 6-month mindfulness-based psychoeducation and a conventional psychoeducation programme, respectively, and 35 received routine care alone. Patient outcome measures were psychiatric symptom severity, psychosocial functioning, social support, insight into illness/treatment, and frequency and duration of readmissions to hospital (ClinicalTrials.gov: trial registration NCT01667601).

Results

The mindfulness-based psychoeducation group reported significantly greater improvements in psychiatric symptoms, psychosocial functioning, insight into illness/treatment and duration of readmissions to hospital over 24 months when compared with the other two groups.

Conclusions

Mindfulness-based psychoeducation appears to be a promising approach to treatment for Chinese patients with schizophrenia.
Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP) controls KIF5B-mediated insulin secretion
Authors: Asano Satoshi , Nemoto Tomomi , Kitayama Tomoya , Harada Kae , Zhang Jun , Harada Kana , Tanida Isei , Hirata Masato , Kanematsu Takashi
Published: May 2014

We previously reported that phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP)-knockout mice exhibited hyperinsulinemia. Here, we investigated the role of PRIP in insulin granule exocytosis using Prip-knockdown mouse insulinoma (MIN6) cells. Insulin release from Prip-knockdown MIN6 cells was higher than that from control cells, and Prip knockdown facilitated movement of GFP-phogrin-labeled insulin secretory vesicles. Double-immunofluorescent staining and density step-gradient analyses showed that the KIF5B motor protein co-localized with insulin vesicles in Prip-knockdown MIN6 cells. Knockdown of GABAA-receptor-associated protein (GABARAP), a microtubule-associated PRIP-binding partner, by Gabarap silencing in MIN6 cells reduced the co-localization of insulin vesicles with KIF5B and the movement of vesicles, resulting in decreased insulin secretion. However, the co-localization of KIF5B with microtubules was not altered in Prip- and Gabarap-knockdown cells. The presence of unbound GABARAP, freed either by an interference peptide or by Prip silencing, in MIN6 cells enhanced the co-localization of insulin vesicles with microtubules and promoted vesicle mobility. Taken together, these data demonstrate that PRIP and GABARAP function in a complex to regulate KIF5B-mediated insulin secretion, providing new insights into insulin exocytic mechanisms.
Zebrafish yolk lipid processing: a tractable tool for the study of vertebrate lipid transport and metabolism
Authors: Miyares Rosa Linda , de Rezende Vitor Bortolo , Farber Steven Arthur
Published: May 2014

Dyslipidemias are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, particularly in developed nations. Investigating lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in experimentally tractable animal models is a critical step toward understanding and treating human dyslipidemias. The zebrafish, a well-established embryological model, is emerging as a notable system for studies in lipid metabolism. Here, we describe the value of the lecithotrophic, or yolk metabolizing, stages of the zebrafish as a model for studying lipid metabolism and lipoprotein transport. We demonstrate methods to assay yolk lipid metabolism in embryonic and larval zebrafish. These methods promote efficient uptake of yolk-delivered labeled fatty acids into the circulation. Using a genetic model for abetalipoproteinemia, we show that uptake of labeled fatty acids into the circulation is dependent on lipoprotein production. Further, we examine the metabolic fate of exogenously delivered fatty acids by assaying their incorporation into complex lipids. Moreover, we demonstrate that this technique is amenable to genetic and pharmacologic studies.
Phenotypic rescue of aDrosophilamodel of mitochondrial ANT1 disease
Authors: Vartiainen Suvi , Chen Shanjun , George Jack , Tuomela Tea , Luoto Kaisa R. , O'Dell Kevin M. C. , Jacobs Howard T.
Published: May 2014

A point mutation (stress-sensitive B1, sesB1 in the Drosophila gene coding for the major adult isoform of the adenine nuclear translocase (ANT) represents a model for human diseases associated with ANT insufficiency. We characterized the organismal, bioenergetic and molecular phenotype of sesB1, then tested strategies to compensate the mutant phenotype. In addition to developmental delay and bang-sensitivity, sesB1 manifests impaired response to sound, defective male courtship, female sterility and curtailed lifespan. These phenotypes, apart from the last two, are shared with the tko25t mutant in mitoribosomal protein S12. Mitochondria from sesB1 adults showed a decreased respiratory control ratio and downregulation of cytochrome oxidase. sesB1 adults exhibited ATP depletion, lactate accumulation, and changes in gene expression consistent with a metabolic shift towards glycolysis, with activation of lactate dehydrogenase and anaplerotic pathways. Females also showed downregulation of many genes required for oogenesis, and their eggs, though fertilized, failed to develop to the larval stages. The sesB1 phenotypes of developmental delay and bang-sensitivity were alleviated by altered mtDNA background. Female sterility was substantially rescued by somatic expression of the alternative oxidase (AOX) from Ciona intestinalis, whereas AOX did not alleviate developmental delay. Our findings illustrate the potential of different therapeutic strategies for ANT-linked diseases, based on increasing mitochondrial bioenergy production, or on alleviating metabolic stress.
Preparation and Morphology Variation of Lipophilic Polyelectrolyte Brush Functioning in Nonpolar Solvents
Authors: Yamada Taihei , Kokado Kenta , Higaki Yuji , Takahara Atsushi , Sada Kazuki
Published: May 2014

Herein, we describe the preparation of lipophilic polyelectrolyte brush (LPB) and its morphology variation induced by immersing in various organic solvents. In particular, the use of 1,2-dichloroethane resulted in twining of large fibers due to the extension of polymer chains, caused by both good compatibility of nonionic moiety and dissociation of ionic moiety. To our best knowledge, this is the first example for PE brush functioning in nonpolar organic media.
Sumanenetrione Anions Generated by Electrochemical and Chemical Reduction
Authors: Higashibayashi Shuhei , Shrestha Binod Babu , Morita Yuki , Ehara Masahiro , Ohkubo Kei , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Sakurai Hidehiro
Published: May 2014

The electrochemical reduction of sumanenetrione by cyclic voltammetry showed stepwise multielectron reduction. Cyclic voltammograms of the stepwise first and second one-electron reduction exhibited reversible waves with associated reduction potentials that were almost equivalent to those of C60. EPR studies of the chemically generated monoanion and dianion of sumanenetrione, in conjunction with theoretical calculations, revealed their structures. The radical anion exhibited C3v symmetric spin delocalization over the entire bowl structure. The radical anion exhibited several absorption bands covering the whole visible to near-IR region. The nature of excitations was assigned by SAC/SAC-CI SD-R calculations. The dianion has a singlet ground state with a large energy gap between the singlet and triplet states. The dianion, too, has C3v symmetry with delocalization over the bowl structure. The major contributing structure of the dianion is the closed-shell configuration rather than the open-shell biradical configuration.
Synthesis of Biodiesel Using a Two-compartments Electrochemical Cell
Authors: Shibano Shuhei , Ivandini Tribidasari A , Terashima Chiaki , Nakata Kazuya , Einaga Yasuaki
Published: May 2014

An electrochemical method was developed for biodiesel, i.e., fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), production. A two-compartment cell completed with a cation-exchange separating membrane was utilized to minimize recombination between protons and hydroxide or methoxide ions, which leads to the low product yield. In addition to the product yield increase, the method was found to reduce the requirement of organic salt to be only in the cathode chamber. Electrolysis at low voltage (4.6 V) resulting high product yield (ca. 94% in 2 h) at Pt as well as a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode as the cathode, suggested the system was free from the dependence on electrode types.
Synthesis and Redox Response of Insulated Molecular Wire Elongated through Iron–Terpyridine Coordination Bonds
Authors: Terao Jun , Hosomi Takuro , Masai Hiroshi , Matsuda Wakana , Seki Shu , Fujihara Tetsuaki , Tsuji Yasushi
Published: May 2014

We synthesized an insulated bridging ligand consisting of a π-conjugated backbone sheathed by permethylated α-cyclodextrin and terpyridyl moieties at either end. This bridging ligand was able to coordinate with Fe2+ to afford an insulated metallopolymer that was elongated through coordination bonds. The molecular wire exhibited a reversible response to a chemical redox stimulus.
Chitosan-supported Zinc Nitrate: Preparation and Catalyst for Condensation Reaction of Aldehydes, Amines, and Terminal Alkynes Leading to the Formation of Propargylamines
Authors: Qiu Yunfeng , Qin Yuyang , Ma Zhuo , Xia Wujiong
Published: May 2014

Efficient synthesis of various propargylamines through the coupling reaction of aldehydes, alkynes, and amines in the presence of chitosan/Zn(NO3)2 was developed in this study. The catalysts could be easily and quantitatively recycled without loss of activity. Chitosan is abundant in nature, and commercially available zinc salts are cheap. This produces highly active catalysts with superior performance for potential applications in industry.
Optimal Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Generator Replacement
Authors: Khojandi Anahita , Maillart Lisa M. , Prokopyev Oleg A. , Roberts Mark S. , Brown Timothy , Barrington William W.
Published: May 2014

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) include small, battery-powered generators, the longevity of which depends on a patient's rate of consumption. Generator replacement, however, involves risks, including death. Hence, a trade-off exists between prematurely exposing the patient to these risks and allowing for the possibility that the device is unable to deliver therapy when needed. Currently, replacements are performed using a one-size-fits-all approach. Here, we develop a Markov decision process model to determine patient-specific optimal replacement policies as a function of patient age and the remaining battery capacity. We analytically establish that the optimal policy is of threshold-type in the remaining capacity, but not necessarily in patient age. Based on clinical data, we conduct a large computational study that suggests that under the optimal policy, patients undergoing initial implantation at age 30–40, 41–60, and 61–80 see an approximate decrease in the total expected number of replacements of 8%–14%, 8%–15% and 8%–19%, respectively, while achieving the same or greater expected lifetime.
Clumped or Piecewise? Evidence on Preferences for Information
Authors: Zimmermann Florian
Published: May 2014

In this paper we examine individuals' attitudes toward the timing of information. We test a theoretical prediction that people prefer to get information “clumped together” rather than piecewise. We conduct a controlled lab experiment where subjects participate in a lottery and can choose between different resolutions of uncertainty (clumped or piecewise) and analyze which kind of resolution is preferred. Two additional treatments allow us to get a quantitative measure of subjects' preferences over different information structures. Our data provide little support for a systematic aversion to piecewise information on the aggregate level. In additional treatment conditions, we demonstrate the robustness of our findings and explore potential explanations.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1884 .

This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
Conference Review
Authors: Wee Desmond
Published: May 2014

Hospitality on a platter, in retrospect Food, Drink and Hospitality: Space, Materiality, Practice Conference, London, 14 June 2013
Customizing new-age hospitality: An exploratory study of Sedona
Authors: Poulston Jill , Pernecky Tomas
Published: May 2014

As there is increasing interest in New Age ideas, the New Age market segment deserves more attention in the field of hospitality studies than it currently receives. This exploratory study examines a New Age destination, Sedona (Arizona, USA), to determine how products and services are customized to meet the needs of this specialized market. It considers whether New Age hospitality exists as a definable experience and concludes that the heterogeneity of the phenomenon makes it difficult for a range of hospitality providers to meet individual needs in a specialized domain. The results of this study should be of interest to providers of New Age products and services, who are likely to find the observations and customization ideas useful. The study should also prove useful to hospitality researchers interested in the New Age phenomenon and customization.
Smoke and mirrors: How regional finances complicate Spanish-Catalan relations
Authors: Gray Caroline M.
Published: May 2014

This article examines the relationship between the form of fiscal decentralization in Spain and the rise in tensions between the Spanish and Catalan governments during the financial crisis, in particular from mid-2010 to mid-2013. As a profound budgetary crisis unfolded at regional government level in Spain, long-standing disputes over the regional financing system and its methods of redistribution among the seventeen autonomous communities escalated. Most notably, Catalonia, one of the most indebted regions, attributed its financial woes in part to over-redistribution. This is not a straightforward connection, but the lack of clarity regarding both the workings of the regional financing system and the causes of the regions’ varying levels of fiscal (in)compliance reduced accountability and fuelled disputes among central and regional governments, giving both sides scope to offer different interpretations. The smoke and mirrors regarding regional finances combined with the nature of intergovernmental dynamics in Spain contribute to explaining the persistent inability to resolve regional fiscal problems and agree a long-lasting reform of the regional financing system.
Crisis management, re-centralization and the politics of austerity in Spain
Authors: Mendizabal Nagore Calvo
Published: May 2014

The main focus of the article is on understanding the role of the state as a key agent of crisis management within the context of an unfolding global financial crisis. This goes against contentions of the diminishing role of the state and the emergence of a political space that could be described as post-national. Drawing on examples from Spain, the article analyses the challenges of crisis management within the context of a high level of regional autonomy and the presence of highly charged arguments for and against decentralization. The article also argues that these debates are embedded into concrete institutional, political and economic processes that in the case of Spain are associated with the highly complex relationships between different levels of government. Building on a distinction between necessary and contingent aspects of crisis management, the article argues that one of the specificities of the Spanish case is the consolidation of a diverse set of ideas associated with the centre-right as one of the unintended consequences of the unfolding crisis and the process of its management by the Spanish state.
The cultural discourse of contemporary Portuguese Iberianism
Authors: Sardica José Miguel
Published: May 2014

In contemporary times, Iberianism has been one of the most important themes in the relationship between Portugal and Spain. But there are few words as ambiguous in the peninsular history and culture as the word ‘Iberianism’. Aside from traditional political or territorial Iberianism, and often in a critical reaction against it, there exists a less-known cultural, spiritual or civilizational Iberianism, striving for an approximation between the two countries and its peoples that excludes all kinds of state fusion and border suppression, and aims to strengthen the Iberian relationship through unity in diversity, differentiation with complementation, independence with alliance and neighbourhood with friendship. The aim of this article is to explore the cultural discourse of contemporary Portuguese Iberianism, drawing on the reflections produced on the subject by such authors as J. P. de Oliveira Martins, Teixeira de Pascoaes, Fernando Pessoa, António Sardinha, Almada Negreiros, José Saramago, Eduardo Lourenço, Natália Correia and Miguel Torga.
Contributos para a Formação do Educador à Luz do Mandato Moral da Escola
Authors: Fonseca Eduardo Nuno
Published: May 2014

Este artigo centra-se na necessidade da formação de educadores contemplar a dimensão ética e deontológica, de forma a melhor poder corresponder às expetativas e desafios do sistema de ensino público português, nomeadamentea Educação para a Cidadania. Presentemente, é uma meta pedagógica que acentua essencialmente a transversalidade e o caráter compreensivo das diversas valências e dimensões escolares, recaindo desse modo responsabilidades inequívocas em todos os educadores. Assim, em primeiro lugar, são feitas breves considerações sobre a necessidade e legitimidade de uma intervenção. Seguidamente, é feita uma análise do que tem sido realizado a esse nível no contexto português. Finalmente, apresentamos um esboço de uma proposta de intervenção sensível à componente cívica e moral da Cidadania. Essa proposta assenta num paradigma de formação maximalista, o qual contempla uma formação de caráter geral, uma capacitação ao nível do relacionamento pedagógico e uma formação pessoal e pedagógica do docente.
Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Conceito e Relação com o Desempenho Académico — Sua Importância na Formação de Professores
Authors: Veiga Feliciano Henriques , Festas Isabel , Taveira Céu , Galvão Diana , Janeiro Isabel , Conboy Joseph , Carvalho Carolina , Caldeira Suzana , Melo Madalena , Pereira Tiago , Almeida Ana , Bahía Sara , Nogueira João
Published: May 2014

O conceito de envolvimento dos alunos na escola tem vindo a ser colocado no cerne das discussões relacionadas com o sucesso académico e com o abandono escolar. Este estudo faz uma revisão de literatura acerca deste conceito e das suas relações com o desempenho académico, destacando a sua importância no âmbito da formação de professores. Vários estudos sustentam que a falta de envolvimento dos alunos aparece associada ao baixo desempenho académico, a problemas de comportamento e ao abandono escolar. O envolvimento dos alunos na escola apresenta-se, na literatura revista, como uma resposta eficaz para os problemas que afetam as escolas e os seus alunos, como um aspeto a ter em conta na prevenção de padrões de comportamento problemático em contexto escolar e, portanto, como um conceito transdisciplinar de elevada importância na formação de professores.
Professores de Educação Física em Portugal: Entre a Formação Inicial e o Exercício Profissional
Authors: Moreira J. António , Ferreira António Gomes
Published: May 2014

No presente estudo procurou-se analisar as representações que os professores das diferentes escolas de Educação Física em Portugal possuem acerca da relação existente entre a sua formação inicial e o exercício da profissão docente, nomeadamente a nível da sua adequabilidade, das limitações dessa formação e das expetativas criadas. Recorrendo a uma metodologia de cariz qualitativo o estudo centrou-se num grupo de quinze professores com formações iniciais realizadas nas instituições portuguesas mais marcantes do século XX: o Instituto Nacional de Educação Física, as Escolas Superiores de Educação Física, os Institutos Superiores de Educação de Lisboa e do Porto e as Faculdades de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física. Concluiu-se que estes professores, independentemente da sua escola, consideram que a sua formação inicial, apesar de algumas limitações em áreas muito específicas, os preparou adequadamente para o exercício da sua atividade enquanto professores de Educação Física, tendo correspondido, na sua generalidade, às suas expectativas.
Formação Pedagógica de Professores do Ensino Superior – A Experiência na Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Authors: Marques Joana , Pinto Patrícia Rosado
Published: May 2014

A implementação do Processo de Bolonha trouxe consigo a necessidade de redefinir as linhas de atuação do ensino superior e, mais especificamente, veio reafirmar a necessidade de atualização permanente de conhecimentos e competências científicas e pedagógicas por parte do corpo docente. Neste sentido, e reconhecendo a importância da formação pedagógica de professores do ensino superior, o Gabinete de Apoio à Qualidade do Ensino da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, em colaboração com o Departamento de Educação Médica da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, da mesma universidade, oferece workshops neste âmbito a docentes da UNL e de Universidades e Politécnicos de todo o país. Com o presente artigo visa-se caracterizar o modelo de formação a partir do cruzamento dos dados fornecidos pela formadora sobre a filosofia e os objetivos da formação, com as avaliações das ações por parte dos participantes e os produtos decorrentes da formação.
Nuevos datos sobre los altares taurodérmicos asirios y escitas y su simbología
Authors: Gómez Peña Álvaro
Published: May 2014

En el presente estudio defendemos la interpretación de varios elementos representados en pinturas procedentes de palacios asirios fechables entre los siglos IX y VII a.C. como altares taurodérmicos sin conexión directa con los hallados en la Península Ibérica. A partir de una metodología propuesta en anteriores estudios recalcamos dicha interpretación, trayendo a colación numerosos nuevos testimonios que permiten reforzar esta hipótesis y empezar a descifrar el significado simbólico que pudo tener este elemento como abstracción figurativa de una divinidad con atribuciones de potencia que muestra representaciones en zonas tan septentrionales como Baite (Kazajistán) y Vani (Georgia) que datan entre los siglos IV y II a.C.
Un nuevo estilo pictórico en cerámica ibérica: la necrópolis de Poble Nou (Villajoyosa, Alicante)
Authors: Pérez Blasco Miguel Fernando
Published: May 2014

La necrópolis de Poble Nou de Villajoyosa (Alicante) alberga una fase del Ibérico Final con unos interesantes materiales cerámicos con decoración pintada que muestran un peculiar estilo simbólico hasta ahora no identificado en yacimientos tan cercanos y conocidos como son los del Tossal de Manises de Alicante o La Alcudia de Elche, ni en ningún otro yacimiento contestano. El amplio y bien conservado repertorio de vasos recuperado, y la particular decoración pintada plasmada en sus superficies nos permitió identificar un novedoso estilo pictórico que parecía proceder de un mismo taller, posiblemente local.
Los Domitii de Consabura y una noticia de Frontino
Authors: González-Conde Puente María Pilar
Published: May 2014

Este trabajo es una breve reflexión sobre algunas de las noticias de las fuentes clásicas acerca de la ciudad romana de Consabura (Consuegra, Toledo), y especialmente sobre las palabras de Frontino a propósito de la actuación del municipio durante la guerra sertoriana. La referencia literaria se pone en relación con la sociedad consaburense, en la que tienen un papel destacado los individuos portadores del nomen Domitius.
Evidencias arqueológicas de la minería prerromana en Cartagena: la explotación minero-metalúrgica del Cabezo de la Escucha en Cala Reona (Cartagena, España)
Authors: Martínez Salvador Alonso
Published: May 2014

A través de un estudio arqueológico de prospección intensiva se han localizado, identificado y documentado las evidencias arqueológicas relacionadas con la explotación minero-metalúrgica antigua del Cabezo de la Escucha en Cala Reona, Cabo de Palos, en el término municipal de Cartagena. Igualmente se ha logrado la adscripción cronológica y cultural de las mimas, datándolas, principalmente, entre los siglos IV-III a.C., con una clara influencia púnica en la explotación de las minas.
El proyecto de Antonio Tovar de una exposición de Canarias en 1941 y la consolidación de las Comisarías Insulares de Excavaciones como respuesta al intento de Hitler de anexionarse una isla canaria
Authors: Mederos Martín Alfredo
Published: May 2014

Ribbentrop y Hitler en septiembre y octubre de 1940 exigieron al general Franco una isla de Canarias para disponer de una gran base aérea y marítima antes de enfrentarse a los Estados Unidos. Aunque Franco, Serrano Suñer y Tovar rechazaron esta posibilidad, la presión alemana llevó a organizar con urgencia una exposición propagandística sobre las Islas Canarias en febrero 1941 por Antonio Tovar, Subsecretario de Estado de Prensa y Propaganda, para el siguiente mes de mayo, como una parte integrante de España y del futuro Imperio español. Martínez Santa-Olalla llevó la sección de Arqueología e Historia y Pérez de Barradas la Folklórica. En las islas, los principales colaboradores fueron los dos Comisarios Provinciales de Excavaciones Arqueológicas, Jiménez Sánchez en Gran Canaria y Darias y Padrón en Tenerife. Su labor es un buen ejemplo de las actividades de las Comisarías Provinciales de Excavaciones antes de disponer de financiación en 1942. La falta de dinero y la no finalización del pabellón retrasaron sucesivamente la inauguración de la exposición, que no acabó celebrándose ese año.
Making Science Policy More Democratic Wissenschaftspolitik demokratischer gestalten
Authors: Ober Steffi
Published: May 2014

Über Ziele und Strategien von Forschungsagenden entscheiden vornehmlich Vertreter(innen) aus Wissenschaft, Politik und Wirtschaft. Zivilgesellschaftliche Akteu re fehlen allzu oft in diesen Prozessen – und damit fehlt die gesellschaftliche Legitimation der Forschungsagenden.
Demokratischere Entscheidungsprozesse führen dagegen zu einer transparenteren Wissenschaftspolitik und treiben die Entwicklung in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit voran.
The Legacy of Sylvicultura oeconomica. A Critical Reflection on the Notion of Sustainability Das Erbe der Sylvicultura oeconomica. Eine kritische Reflexion des Nachhaltigkeitsbegriffs
Authors: Gottschlich Daniela , Friedrich Beate
Published: May 2014

Vor 300 Jahren entwickelte Hans Carl von Carlowitz Nachhaltigkeit als Konzept für eine naturgemäße Waldbewirtschaftung. 1987 setzte die Brundtland-Kommission mit sustainable development ein neues entwicklungspolitisches Paradigma auf die Agenda. Im deutschen
Diskurs werden diese unterschiedlichen Konzepte verwoben. Wenn sich heute Forstwirtschaft, aber auch Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft auf nachhaltige Entwicklung bezie hen, tun sie das häufig durch die ökonomische Brille und betrachten Natur lediglich als Ressource.
Androgen receptor as a regulator of ZEB2 expression and its implications in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer
Authors: Jacob Sheeba , Nayak S , Fernandes Gwendolyn , Barai R S , Menon S , Chaudhari U K , Kholkute S D , Sachdeva Geetanjali
Published: May 2014

Zinc finger E-box-binding protein 2 (ZEB2) is known to help mediate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and thereby it facilitates cancer metastasis. This study was initiated to explore whether ZEB2 expression differs in prostate cancer (PCa,n=7) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH,n=7) tissues. In PCa tissues, the levels of both immunoreactive ZEB2 and androgen receptor (AR) were found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) when compared with BPH tissues. Co-regulation of AR and ZEB2 prompted us to investigate the role of androgenic stimuli in ZEB2 expression. ZEB2 expression was found to be significantly (P<0.05) upregulated after androgen stimulation and downregulated following AR silencing in LNCaP cells, an androgen-dependent PCa cell line. This finding suggested AR as a positive regulator of ZEB2 expression in androgen-dependent cells. Paradoxically, androgen-independent (AI) cell lines PC3 and DU145, known to possess low AR levels, showed significantly (P<0.05) higher expression of ZEB2 compared with LNCaP cells. Furthermore, forced expression of AR in PC3 (PC3-AR) and DU145 (DU-AR) cells led to reductions in ZEB2 expression, invasiveness, and migration. These cells also exhibited an increase in the levels of E-cadherin (a transcriptional target of ZEB2). Co-transfection ofARandZEB2cDNA constructs prevented the decline in invasiveness and migration to a significant extent. Additionally, ZEB2 downregulation was associated with an increase in miR200a/miR200b levels in PC3-AR cells and with a decrease in miR200a/miR200b levels in AR-silenced LNCaP cells. Thus, AR acts as a positive regulator of ZEB2 expression in androgen-dependent cells and as a negative regulator in AI PCa cells.
Effect of single-chain ovine gonadotropins with dual activity on ovarian function in sheep
Authors: Rutigliano Heloisa M , Adams Betty M , Jablonka-Shariff Albina , Boime Irving , Adams Thomas E
Published: May 2014

We examined the half-life and biological activity of two single-chain proteins that combined portions of ovine FSH and LH. We proposed the hypothesis that these chimeric proteins would display LH and FSH activities and would promote follicle maturation in ewes. Estrus activity was synchronized using progestogen-impregnated vaginal pessaries. To negate the impact of endogenous LH and FSH, animals received serum-containing antibodies against GNRH 1 day before pessary removal (PR). At PR sheep (five animals per group) received a single injection (10 IU/kg, i.v.) of either the ovine-based (oFcLcα) gonadotropin analog, an ovine-based analog containing oLHβ truncated at the carboxyl terminus (oFcL(ΔT)cα), or a human-based gonadotropin analog (hFcLcα). Control animals received a comparable amount of gonadotropin-free protein. Ovulation was induced 3 days after PR using human chorionic gonadotropin (1000 IU, i.v.). Ovaries were collected 11 days after PR. Neither estradiol (E2) or progesterone (P4) production, development of preovulatory follicles or corpora lutea (CL) were noted in control animals receiving gonadotropin-free protein. Significant increase in the synthesis of E2 and P4 was noted in sheep receiving the dually active gonadotropin analogs. The number of CLs present 11 days after PR was significantly increased in sheep receiving the chimeric glycoproteins compared with control animals. The magnitude of the secretory and ovarian responses did not differ between hFcLcα and oFcLcα or between oFcLcα and oFcL(ΔT)cα. Immunoactivity of LH and FSH was low in control animals, but was significantly elevated in sheep receiving the gonadotropin analogs. In conclusion, ovine-based gonadotropin analogs are functionally active in sheep and a single injection is adequate to induce the development of multiple ovulatory follicles.
Efecto de Maytenus macrocarpa“Chuchuhuasi” en el sistema reproductor masculino del ratón (Mus musculus)
Authors: Acosta Láyonal G. , Vásquez Jonathan , Núñez Víctor , Pino José , Shiga Betty
Published: May 2014

Maytenus macrocarpa (Chuchuhuasi) es un árbol nativo de la región Amazónica del Perú utilizado como planta medicinal para el tratamiento de muchas enfermedades, sin embargo su efecto sobre el sistema reproductor masculino aún no ha sido elucidado. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del extracto acuoso de M. macrocarpa en dosis diarias durante 7 días sobre los parámetros reproductivos de ratones machos. Se utilizó machos maduros de la cepa C57BL divididos en 2 grupos (n=10), Grupo Control (C): NaCl 0.9% y Grupo Tratamiento (T): Extracto acuoso de Chuchuhuasi, ambos suministrado diariamente vía sonda esofágica y al octavo día fueron eutanizados. Se registraron el peso corporal y de los órganos reproductivos: testículo, epidídimo y conducto deferente, se evaluaron la concentración, movilidad y morfología espermática. En nuestros datos observamos diferencias significativas (Prueba t- Student P=0.05) en el peso de la cabeza y cuerpo del epidídimo (C: 19.25±1.1 vs T: 21.26±2.0), el peso del conducto deferente (C: 10.62±0.7 vs T: 11.75±0.5), movilidad espermática progresiva (C: 42.16±5.2 vs T: 25.82±8.4) e Inmóviles (C: 36.05±4.9 vs T: 48.51±7.2). No se observaron diferencias en el recuento espermático entre ambos grupos. La morfología espermática normal disminuyó con la ingesta de M. macrocarpa(Prueba t-Student p<0.05) (C: 39.72±1.3 vs T: 30.78±4.9). Concluimos que el extracto acuoso de M. macrocarpapresenta un efecto negativo en el sistema reproductivo masculino de ratones.
Desarrollo reproductivo de Krapfia weberbaueri(Ranunculaceae) en condiciones controladas de luz y temperatura
Authors: Roca Beatriz , Suni Mery , Cano Asunción
Published: May 2014

Krapfia weberbaueriStandl. & J. F. Macbr. es una especie endémica del Perú, categorizada como vulnerable y distribuida en los departamentos de Ancash, Huánuco, Junín y San Martín. El presente trabajo reporta las observaciones sobre el desarrollo reproductivo de esta especie bajo condiciones controladas de luz y temperatura (12 horas de luz/12 horas de oscuridad y 12 °C día y 8 °C noche). Plantas completas en estado reproductivo fueron recolectadas en la Cordillera Blanca (Ancash) donde forma parches entre los 4200 y 4800 m de altitud. Los datos morfométricos de los órganos florales fueron registrados cada dos o tres días con un vernier y se evaluó la producción de néctar a lo largo del desarrollo de la flor. Asimismo se evaluó la viabilidad de los granos de polen y la receptividad del estigma. Krapfia weberbaueri tiene flores muy llamativas de 24 a 47 mm de longitud, que desde la antesis hasta el inicio de senescencia se mantienen receptivas aunque en mayor medida en la flor madura, etapa en la cual la dehiscencia de estambres y liberación de los granos de polen alcanza el 100%. Este periodo suma un total de 13 días. La producción del néctar se inicia en la flor madura y continua hasta la senescencia total de los pétalos. La viabilidad de los granos de polen varió de 78 a 97% y el éxito de producción de aquenios fue 38 a 62%. Se puede señalar que la polinización es favorecida por la posición final de las anteras sobre los estigmas, producción del néctar, moderada presencia y desplazamiento de ácaros y áfidos y la posición pendular de la flor.
Caracterización citogenética de Caesalpinia spinosade los distritos de Tarma y Palca (Junín)
Authors: López Alberto , Siles-Vallejos María , Orihuela Diego , Linares José , Ríos Shary , Villafani Yvette , Guevara Misael , Bracamonte Olga
Published: May 2014

Se analizan los cromosomas somáticos de Caesalpinia spinosa (Feuillée ex Molina) Kuntze “Tara”, de poblaciones silvestres de las localidades de Huinco y Palca (Junín). La especie es diploide (2n=24). Los cromosomas son de pequeño tamaño. Aunque los cariotipos de ambas localidades muestran el mismo número cromosómico, se encontraron diferencias en los parámetros morfológicos de los mismos, siendo la fórmula cariotípica para la localidad de Huinco: 6m + 6 sm y para la localidad de Palca: 5m + 7 sm.
Fabrication and Characterization of GaAs Tunnel Diode and ErAs Nanoparticles Enhanced GaAs Tunnel Diode for Multijunction Solar Cell
Authors: Sogabe Tomah , Shoji Yasushi , Ohba Mitsuyoshi , Shunya Naito , Miyashita Naoya , Hung Chao-Yu , Ogura Akio , Okada Yoshitaka
Published: May 2014

We report here the fabrication and characterization of GaAs tunnel diode (TD) and ErAs nanoparticles (Nps) enhanced GaAs TD. Four GaAs TDs with different contact area were fabricated by using MOCVD. We found extremely high peak current density of ∼250A/cm2 for the TD with r=0.25mm contact area. Moreover a hysteresis loop was appeared during sweeping up and sweeping down the external voltage. A ‘vector load line model’ was proposed to explain the origin of the shape of the hysteresis loop and the onset of the bistability occurred at the intersect of the loadline and the current-voltage (I-V) curve of TD. Meanwhile, we have grown ErAs Nps on GaAs(100) surface by using MBE and succeeded in overgrowth of GaAs after ErAs deposition. GaAs(p+)/ErAs(Nps)/GaAs(n+) TDs were fabricated and characterized. We found the GaAs sample containing 70s deposition of ErAs showed the best TD behavior. No TD behavior was observed for the sample without addition of ErAs Nps, clearly indicating the strong tunneling enhancement effect from ErAs Nps.
Catechol-hydrazone conjugates for the rapid functionalization of magnetite nanoparticles with cell targeting groups
Authors: Coxon Thomas , Almond Andrew , Gough Julie E. , Webb Simon J.
Published: May 2014

The condensation of hydrazides with aldehydes has been found to be a simple and rapid method for synthesizing catechol-terminated coating reagents for magnetite nanoparticles. This approach allowed the production of biotin- and polyethylene glycol-functionalized nanoparticles, whose interaction with 3T3 fibroblast cells has been assessed. The cellular location of these nanoparticles was imaged by fluorescence microscopy, which was made possible by co-coating with a porphyrin-catechol conjugate. Images show significant interactions between biotinylated nanoparticles and 3T3 fibroblasts, but those with a polyethylene glycol coating did not interact.
Constraints by oxygen and food quality on carbon pathway regulation: a co‐limitation study with an aquatic key herbivore
Authors: Lukas Marcus , Wacker Alexander
Published: May 2014

In food webs, herbivores are often constrained by low food quality in terms of mineral and biochemical limitations, which in aquatic ecosystems can co‐occur with limited oxygen conditions. As low food quality implies that carbon (C) is available in excess, and therefore a regulation to get rid of excess C is crucial for the performance of consumers, we examined the C pathways (ingestion, feces release, excretion, and respiration) of a planktonic key herbivore (Daphnia magna). We tested whether consumer C pathways increase due to mineral (phosphorus, P) or biochemical (cholesterol and fatty acid) limitations and how these regulations vary when in addition oxygen is low. Under such conditions, at least the capability of the upregulation of respiration may be restricted. Furthermore, we discussed the potential role of the oxygen‐transporting protein hemoglobin (Hb) in the regulation of C budgets. Different food quality constraints led to certain C regulation patterns to increase the removal of excess dietary C: P‐limited D. magna increased excretion and respiration, while cholesterol‐limited Daphnia in addition upregulated the release of feces. In contrast, the regulative effort was low and only feces release increased when D. magna was limited by a long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA). Co‐limiting oxygen did not always impact the discharge of excess C. We found the food‐quality‐induced upregulation of respiration was still present at low oxygen. In contrast, higher excretion of excess C was diminished at low oxygen supply. Besides the effect that the Hb concentration increased under low oxygen, our results indicate a low food‐quality‐induced increase in the Hb content of the animals. Overall, C budgeting is phenotypically plastic towards different (co‐)limiting scenarios. These trigger specific regulation responses that could be the result of evolutionary adaptations.
Designing Personalized Learning Products for Middle School Mathematics: The Case for Networked Learning Games
Authors: Evans Michael A. , Pruett Jordan , Chang Mido , Nino Miguel
Published: May 2014

Middle school mathematics education is subject to ongoing reform based on advances in digital instructional technologies, especially learning games, leading to recent calls for investment in personalized learning. Through an extensive literature review, this investigation identified three priority areas that should be taken into account when adopting learning games for the classroom: providing students with personalized feedback, assessing student learning, and promoting deeper learning. Demonstrating how The CandyFactory App can be harnessed to support personalized learning by collecting data from these three priority areas, we intend to make a case for how school decision-makers (supervisors, principals, and teachers) can decide which learning tools to use to best help students have personalized learning experiences. Through a series of three participatory design workshops, partnering teachers ( n = 6) confirmed that these data areas, which help to define personalized learning, are key to implementing successfully learning games in the classroom.
Learners' Field Dependence and the Effects of Personalized Narration on Learners' Computer Perceptions and Task-Related Attitudes in Multimedia Learning
Authors: Liew Tze Wei , Tan Su-Mae , Seydali Rouzbeh
Published: May 2014

In this article, the effects of personalized narration in multimedia learning on learners' computer perceptions and task-related attitudes were examined. Twenty-six field independent and 22 field dependent participants studied the computer-based multimedia lessons on C-Programming, either with personalized narration or non-personalized narration. The result of this study lent support to the social agency theory: personalized narration in multimedia learning positively affects learners' computer perceptions and task-related attitudes. Contrary to the authors' prediction, personalized narration did not positively affect field dependent learners' computer perceptions and task-related attitudes. Instead, it was shown that field independent learners were marginally more anxious in learning task when learning with personalized narration than with non-personalized narration.
Students' Perspectives on YouTube Video Usage as an E-Resource in the University Classroom
Authors: Jackman W. Marc , Roberts Patricia
Published: May 2014

This study examined the perspectives of 70 prospective teachers about the use of YouTube videos as e-resources to supplement psychology lectures at a university in Trinidad & Tobago. A questionnaire designed for the study was used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative analysis included frequency distribution, non-parametric correlations, and ordinal logistic regression. In the quantitative results, participants' identified benefits and implications of the YouTube strategy that confirmed and went beyond previously established research. More specifically, the ordinal regression analyses identified specific benefits that predicted participants' intention to the YouTube integration strategy in their own teaching and researching. The qualitative data which were analyzed using content analysis provided supporting details of the benefits and implications of integrating YouTube videos as supplements to lectures. The findings have implications for the use of new media in the university classroom, especially when teaching digital natives.