bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poblaciones silvestres de Agave angustifolia (Asparagaceae) de Sonora, México: variación morfológica y contenido de azúcares
Authors: Fragoso-Gadea Tania , Gutiérrez Aldo , Coronado Martha Lizett , Terrazas Teresa , Ramos-Clamont Gabriela , Vázquez-Moreno Luz , Álvarez-Bajo Osiris , Esqueda Martín
Published: November 2021

Antecedentes y Objetivos: “Bacanora” es una bebida espirituosa que emplea como materia prima principalmente las poblaciones silvestres de Agave angustifolia, las cuales requieren estrategias de conservación debido a su sobre aprovechamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la variación morfológica y el contenido de azúcares reductores totales y fructanos del tallo de A. angustifolia proveniente de poblaciones silvestres conservadas en Sonora, México. Métodos: Se estudiaron tres poblaciones silvestres conservadas de A. angustifolia, en Sonora, México, en 29 variables relacionadas con las características morfológicas, indicadores de madurez fenológica y el contenido de azúcares reductores y fructanos. Resultados clave: El contenido de fructanos y azúcares reductores totales del tallo presentaron un promedio de 22.6 y 32.7 g/100 g (base seca) respectivamente; con una variación significativa entre las poblaciones silvestres (p<0.05). De las de 29 variables evaluadas, el estudio de componentes principales indicó que con cuatro componentes se explica 51.9% de la varianza de los datos. El análisis canónico discriminante de las 16 variables que mostraron mayor relación con los cuatro componentes principales definió el agrupamiento de las poblaciones. Dos funciones canónicas separaron significativamente (p<0.001) a las tres poblaciones silvestres de agave y representaron 100% de la varianza total. Conclusiones: Las variables con mayor contribución e importancia relativa asociadas a cada población fueron el desarrollo de la inflorescencia, el contenido de azúcares reductores totales del tallo, así como el tono y la saturación de color de las hojas.
Serious Game for Change in Behavioral Intention Toward Lifestyle-Related Diseases: Experimental Study With Structural Equation Modeling Using the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Egashira Mahiro , Son Daisuke , Ema Arisa
Published: November 2021

Background

Health activities should be tailored to individual lifestyles and values. To raise awareness of health behaviors, various practices related to health education, such as interactive activities among individuals with different backgrounds, have been developed. Moreover, serious games have been used as a tool for facilitating communication. However, there have been few investigations that are based on the framework of the theory of planned behavior on the mechanisms of health-related behavioral intention change from playing serious games.

Objective

We aimed to investigate the mechanisms of behavioral intention change among various age groups after an intervention using a serious game to increase awareness of lifestyle-related diseases.

Methods

Adults, undergraduates, and high school students played a serious game, called Negotiation Battle, and answered a questionnaire—Gaming Event Assessment Form for Lifestyle-related Diseases—before, immediately after, and 2-4 weeks after the game. The questionnaire was composed of 16 items based on the theory of planned behavior. We used structural equation modeling to compare responses from the 3 groups.

Results

For all 3 age groups (adults: mean 43.4 years, range 23-67 years; undergraduates: mean 20.9 years, range 19-34 years; high school students: mean 17.9 years, 17-18 years), perceived behavior control was the key factor of behavioral intention change. Immediately after the game, causal relationships between perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention were enhanced or maintained for all groups—adults (before: path coefficient 1.030, P<.001; after: path coefficient 2.045, P=.01), undergraduates (before: path coefficient 0.568, P=.004; after: path coefficient 0.737, P=.001), and high school students (before: path coefficient 14.543, P=.97; after: path coefficient 0.791, P<.001). Analysis of free descriptions after intervention suggested that experiencing dilemma is related to learning and behavioral intention.

Conclusions

The study revealed that the serious game changed the behavioral intention of adolescents and adults regarding lifestyle-related diseases, and changes in perceived behavioral control mediated the alteration mechanism.
Experiences of Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy With Virtual Reality: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study
Authors: Janssen Anna , Fletcher Jennifer , Keep Melanie , Ahmadpour Naseem , Rouf Anika , Marthick Michael , Booth Rebecca
Published: November 2021

Background

Current research into virtual reality (VR) use during chemotherapy shows that it can be an effective distraction intervention. However, there is limited research in adult patients and to investigate how VR can be sustainably implemented in health care organizations.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility and acceptability of using VR for adult patients undergoing chemotherapy, and to identify the factors that would enable the sustained use of VR during chemotherapy in health care organizations.

Methods

Patients undergoing chemotherapy were recruited to participate in a VR intervention during chemotherapy infusion. Participants were observed during the session and completed a postintervention survey. Each participant was invited to participate in a semistructured interview about their experience.

Results

A total of 18 patients participated in the study, 5 of whom participated in semistructured interviews. Findings indicated that the use of VR was acceptable for patients undergoing chemotherapy and the intervention was also feasible. Some participants felt that the VR was an effective distraction during chemotherapy infusion, although most still seemed to be aware of how long their treatment was taking. Although VR was acceptable and feasible to patients, interviews identified several barriers to sustained implementation, including access to a reliable app library and impact on staff workloads.

Conclusions

VR was acceptable to patients with a diagnosis of cancer undergoing chemotherapy treatment. Patients found VR beneficial for breaking up the monotony of treatment, to provide an additional choice of activity in addition to other recreation, and in some instances as a distraction from the treatment itself. However, there are challenges to address if VR is to be implemented in practice for this patient group.
Chrysobalanus icaco L.: Fuente de fitoquímicos con potencial bioactivo contra el síndrome metabólico en México
Authors: Jiménez-Ortega Luis Alfonso , Gutiérrez-Grijalva Erick Paul , Contreras-Angulo Laura A. , Basilio Heredia José
Published: November 2021

Los cambios en los estilos de vida y alimentación de la población mexicana, han propiciado un desarrollo significativo de enfermedades crónicas degenerativas, como la diabetes, la obesidad, la hipertensión y el síndrome metabólico (MetS), que generan un grave problema de salud pública. La evidencia reciente demuestra que estas comorbilidades representan un factor predominante en el desarrollo de complicaciones por enfermedades respiratorias. El desarrollo de nuevos tratamientos y la búsqueda de compuestos, provenientes de fuentes rentables como las plantas, pueden coadyuvar a la mitigación del problema. Chrysobalanus icaco es una planta utilizada a nivel mundial, que sobresale por sus usos medicinales y culinarios. Diferentes metabolitos secundarios han sido aislados e identificados de las frutas, las hojas, las raíces, las semillas y los tallos de C. icaco. La mayoría de los estudios se han enfocado a los compuestos fenólicos, terpenoides y alcaloides, así como también a sus propiedades funcionales. El objetivo de la investigación fue mostrar la situación actual del síndrome metabólico en México, así como detallar los fitoquímicos y cualidades hipoglucémicas, antiobesogénicas y antiinflamatorias de Chrysobalanus icaco, un fruto consumido con fines medicinales y alimenticios en el sur de México.
Estado actual de métodos alternativos, de control de hongos y su efecto en la calidad postcosecha de frutos de jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Rodríguez-Guzmán Carlos A. , Montaño-Leyva Beatriz , Velázquez-Estrada Rita M. , Sánchez-Burgos Jorge A. , García-Magaña María De Lourdes , González-Estrada Ramsés R. , Gutiérrez-Martínez Porfirio
Published: November 2021

Los tomates en la industria alimentaria son fundamentales por su sabor y alto valor nutricional. Para México, es de gran importancia económica por la generación de empleos directos e indirectos. Por esto la calidad postcosecha es fundamental, y puede verse alterada por condiciones como: temperatura, transporte y almacenamiento al provocar el desarrollo de hongos patógenos, que deterioran su calidad e impiden la comercialización del producto con pérdidas económicas. La principal estrategia de control son los fungicidas sintéticos, sin embargo, aunque son eficaces, afectan negativamente al medio ambiente y a los seres humanos al desarrollar cepas resistentes. Motivo por el que, los consumidores demandan constantemente productos seguros y sin residuos. Esta revisión muestra un panorama general de los métodos de control aplicados a los frutos de jitomate durante la etapa de postcosecha y plantea su aplicación, como una alternativa al uso de fungicidas, ellos son: los tratamientos térmicos, la luz ultravioleta, las sales orgánicas e inorgánicas, el quitosano, el metil jasmonato, el ácido salicílico, los extractos vegetales, los aceites esenciales y los microorganismos; considerados como sistemas ecológicos seguros y económicos que protegen contra los fitopatógenos, aumentan la vida útil y conservan la calidad de los frutos.
ocaso del primer imperio mexicano
Authors: Frasquet Ivana
Published: November 2021

La abdicación de Agustín de Iturbide al trono de México en 1823 y su posterior exilio desataron tensiones políticas que radicalizaron las posiciones ideológicas de quienes deseaban su regreso. La movilización popular simpatizante de la monarquía y la ruptura federalista en las provincias provocaron una crisis política e incertidumbre sobre el futuro del país. La inestabilidad e indefinición de la situación política en ese año propiciaron conspiraciones a favor del imperio. Este trabajo pretende acercarse a algunos de esos planes conspirativos dirigidos a mantener viva la opción monárquica desde las posiciones moderadas hasta las menos conocidas, pero plenamente ultramontanas. Para ello se examinan  proyectos poco estudiados y se aporta documentación de archivo que no había sido analizada.
voces indígenas ante la crisis de la monarquía hispana
Authors: Menegus Bornemann Margarita
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es contrastar la visión de los indios de los diversos estamentos de la sociedad novohispana en el siglo XVIII y los primeros años del  XIX. Asimismo, se analizan diversas voces indígenas que se manifestaron contra el mal gobierno y los funcionarios de la corona española a partir de 1750, apelando al rey para que corrigiera los abusos y administrara la justicia en América a favor de los naturales. Finalmente, se describe la reacción de los cabildos indígenas ante el levantamiento de Miguel Hidalgo y cómo las Cortes de Cádiz enfrentaron el mismo suceso.
indio en los discursos, debates y proyectos políticos de la independencia del Perú
Authors: O’Phelan Godoy Scarlett
Published: November 2021

Este artículo estudia la presencia del indio en el proceso de independencia del Perú. Primero, se analiza la actuación del diputado inca Dionisio Uchu Inca Yupanqui en las Cortes de Cádiz y el impacto de la constitución liberal de 1812 en las comunidades indígenas del virreinato del  Perú. En segundo término, se analizan las juntas de gobierno de las provincias en el territorio peruano, excepto en Lima, donde no la hubo. En tercer lugar, se estudia la postura del protectorado de José de San Martín frente al indio y, finalmente, se abordan las medidas indigenistas decretadas por Simón Bolívar desde el Cuzco. El artículo cierra con una breve reflexión sobre la participación del grupo étnico denominado cholo (mezcla de indio y mestizo), el cual no ha recibido atención suficiente.
1821. México y Perú, la caída de los dos grandes virreinatos y la consumación de las independencias
Authors: Ibarra Ana Carolina , Escrig Rosa Josep
Published: November 2021

Presentación del número especial de Estudios de Historia Moderna y Contemporánea de México.
A Study on Millennials and Generation Z’s Attitude and Usage of E-Transaction and Mobile wallets in Mumbai
Authors: Nair CA Priyadharshini
Published: November 2021

Abstract: Technology has played a vital role in uniting people across country. It has simplified many complexities with simple click using internet. The usage of smart phones is high among the millennials and generation Z and has become an integral part of their everyday lives. Millennials are generation which are born between 1980 to 2000, and generation Z is the demographic cohort succeeding millennials. Millennials and Gen. Z have witnessed the metamorphosis from traditional method of using paper currencies to e-wallets. This rise of e-transaction has smoothened the various transactions like online shopping, payment on dues etc. with just one single click. The present study aims to figure out how mobile wallets and e-transactions are evolving among the above mentioned sample. It also analyses the dimensions of the usage by analysing key factors such as motive for use, utility derived from use, level of use, reasons for use amongst others. Also the future proximity of e-transaction and mobile wallet’s usage is forecasted. Descriptive analysis and Regression analysis was run on the primary data obtained from 115 respondents through a structured questionnaire. The results were able to throw distinctive insights into the usage of mobile wallets and e-transactions among Millennials and Gen Z. Keywords: Millennials, generation Z, tech savvy, digital natives, e-transactions, mobile wallets, online shopping etc.
An analysis of the Causes of Building Defects in Residential Properties in Diobu area of port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria.
Authors: Idowu Taiwo
Published: November 2021

Abstract: Currently, derelict buildings with little or no amenities have remained a challenge to the physical fabric of properties in Diobu in Port Harcourt. These derelictions are observed to be affecting the economic and physical functionality of these buildings. Therefore, the paper aims to investigate the causes of the dereliction in the buildings in Diobu area in Port Harcourt Rivers State of Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted where 153 questionnaires was administered to the resident of the study area and another 56 questionnaires to property managers in Port Harcourt. Out of the 209 (Nr) questionnaires administered, a total of 197 was retrieved representing a response rate of 94%. Data gathered were analyzed using Relative Important Index, mean and percentages and presented in tabular and pictorial formats. The paper’s finding revealed and confirmed that wall cracks, wall/floor dampness, roof leakages, faulty plumbing fittings, poor ventilation and peeling/faded wall paints are some of the defects in the properties in Diobu. A further investigation revealed that poor building designs, old age, poor maintenance culture, adverse climatic condition, misuse, overcrowding and insect attack are among the causes of these defects on the buildings. This research work is original and has not been previously published anywhere; its reflection is that effective maintenance culture, good occupancy ratio, use of skilled personnel and quality building materials should be encouraged by residents, property managers and landlords in order to check the menace of building defects in the study area. Keywords: Residential Buildings, Defects, causes, Analysis, Diobu.
Mask detection as Covid combat using Transfer learning and Haar Cascade
Authors: Patel Chintan
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The World is going through a pandemic due to the rapid transmission of COVID-19. According to the several guidelines issued by WHO (World Health Organization), wearing a mask is the most effective preventive measure in public/crowded places. We hope for the future social health and safety of the people around the world with this project. To detect the people who are not following the COVID-19 guidelines in public/crowded areas a convolutional neural network under the framework of the TensorFlow VGG-19 algorithm is proposed which has trained and tested a collection of more than 1350 images. One flat layer and two FC layers with reduced parameters are optimized from three FC layers. The 2-label softmax classifier replaced the softmax classification layer of the original model. Our experimental results show a training accuracy of 99.73% and an accuracy of 98.78% during testing. Keywords: Transfer learning, covid19, mask detection, artificial intelligence, coronavirus
Effects of C-Mac Video Laryngoscope Aided Intubation Using D Blade on Incidence of Post-Operative Sore Throat
Authors: Iqbal Suhaib
Published: November 2021

Abstract: Conclusion: C-MAC video laryngoscope-aided intubations using D-blade significantly reduced the incidence and severity of POST, hoarseness of voice, and cough following orotracheal intubation as compared to use of traditional Macintosh laryngoscope. Our evidence suggests that C-MAC video laryngoscopes reduce intubation failure and make intubation easier, particularly in patients with a predicted or known difficult airway, Also, it was found, use of C-MAC video laryngoscope helps anaesthetist to improve the glottic view and reduce the number of laryngoscopies in which the glottis cannot be seen. C-MAC may serve as a standard intubation device for both routine airway management and educational Results: Our study was done in the Department of Anaesthesiology MM deemed to be university Mullana-Ambala Haryana. After approval from the competent ethical committee, Study includes 130 patients as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both groups were comparable with respect to demographic variables, distribution of ASA, Age, Sex, BMI, and Mallampatti grade. Percentage of patients who were intubated at the first attempt was similar among the groups. While Comparing the presence and absence of POST, cough, hoarseness of voice between the two groups. When compared with group A (Macintosh), total number of patients found having the above symptoms was found less in group B (C-MAC video laryngoscope). Keywords: Sore throat, Laryngoscope, Preoperative complications, Endotracheal intubation, C-MAC video laryngoscope, Macintosh D balde.
Archaic Route of Budhi Ganga Formerly Known As River Ganga
Authors: Bharati Priyank
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The present route of Budhi Ganga starts from Ishaqwala and reaches Hastinapur via Saifpur Firozpur.Based on preliminary survey, the Budhi Ganga starts from Ishaqwala. On the old road, we still get to see many ancient temples such as Siddha Peeth Shiva temple in Saifpur Firozpur, Pandeshwar temple in Hastinapur, Karna Ghat temple and Draupadi Ghat temple, maybe even as far as Garhmukteshwar many more temples find in the way. The ancient route of the Ganges in Saifpur Firozpur was spread over a considerable area, the evidence of which is present even today. In this research paper, many small evidences including these facts have been presented, which may not have been done in the past. Keywords : Dewal , Ishaqwala , Budhi Ganga, Hastinapur
Aerodynamic Analysis of Spoiler at Varying Speeds and Angles
Authors: Metar Manas
Published: November 2021

Abstract: Spoilers have been there in practice since years for the purpose of improving aerodynamics of a car. The pressure drag created at the end of the vehicle, referred to as wake region affects handling of the vehicle. This could be hazardous for the cars at high speeds. By adding a spoiler to the rear of the car reduces that pressure drag and the enhanced downforce helps in better traction. The paper presents aerodynamic analysis of a spoiler through Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis. The spoiler is designed using Onshape software and analyzed through SIMSCALE software. The simulation is carried out by changing angles of attack and velocities. The simulation results of downforce and drag are compared on the basis of analytical method. Keywords: Designing a spoiler, Design and analysis of spoiler, Aerodynamics of spoiler, Aerodynamic analysis of spoiler, Computational fluid dynamics, CFD analysis, CFD analysis of spoiler, Spoiler at variable angles, Types of spoilers, Analytical aerodynamic analysis.
Architectural and urban identity of Homs city
Authors: Salmo Ali , Scherbina Elena V. , Alibrahim Lina Yaser
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The article aims to determine the architectural and urban planning elements that give buildings and residential neighborhoods their identity in Homs city in Syria. During the last century, environmental and social problems have accumulated. The city’s parts have subjected to many violations in the construction processes and the weak construction laws. Within the past ten years, the war crisis in Syria caused massive destruction in the old city too. Together, all these factors contributed to losing an important and essential part of the city’s structure.

Materials and methods. Throughout retrospective and comparative analysis, in addition to observations and photographic recordings, the basic architectural and planning features in the city of Homs have been identified. These features distinguish Homs from the rest of the Syrian cities. The merging process of social and environmental characteristics and their interconnectedness shaped the so-called “Homsi” identity.

Results. The research concluded that Homs’ city possesses unique planning and architectural characteristics that distinguish it from other Syrian towns despite the historical connection between the Syrian cities. Thus, the character and the city’s architectural and urban identity have developed, so architects and urban planners should not ignore this identity in the next stage of recovery and reconstruction.

Conclusions. This lost identity of Homs must be reintroduced creatively in the next stage of reconstruction because it carries the meanings of environmental sustainability in addition to being a historical and cultural legacy that cannot be neglected in the future if we ignored it now, all the attempts to revive only the visual image of the city will not save the identity and will generate a fake and weak personality of the city.
Progressive limit state at critical levels of internal potential energy of deformation
Authors: Stupishin Leonid Yu.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The work is devoted to one of the main issues of structural mechanics - the determination of the elements in which the limiting state occurs first. At first glance, the task has an infinite number of results, meaning an infinite number of options for loading the system. The problem becomes solvable if one examines the structure of a building (structure) for possible variations in displacements (forces) in the nodes of the structure. For this approach, it becomes possible to determine the main values and vectors of displacement of the system, which correspond to the maximum (minimum) values of deformations (forces) in the rods of the system. As close approaches to the formulation of the problem, one should indicate the theory of the limiting equilibrium of structures under the assumption of the work of the material under flow conditions, where the equality of the work of external forces and internal forces is considered (kinematic method), or possible static stress states of the system for maximum limiting loads (static method). The theory of protecting buildings and structures from progressive collapse seeks to solve similar problems, focusing on options for design solutions that prevent destruction from non-design loads. Materials and methods. To determine the options for the distribution of extreme values of internal forces (deformations) in the system, the problem is formulated in the form of an eigenvalue problem. The latter turns out to be the most convenient mathematical model of the problem, since, in addition to extreme values (as in the optimization problem), it allows one to take into account the values of the problem on the upper and lower bounds. The theoretical basis for the formulation of the problem is the criterion of the critical levels of the internal potential energy of the system, which makes it possible to find the self-stress states of the structure corresponding to the limiting states of the structural elements. Results. The methodology for solving the problem is illustrated by the example of a statically indeterminate five-rod truss, which was also considered by other authors. The matrix formulation of the problem and a detailed algorithm for its solution are given. It is shown that the values of the internal forces in the rods, obtained using the traditional method, are in the interval between the maximum and minimum main values of the self-stress state of the system. Solutions are given at each of the critical energy levels corresponding to the disconnection of bonds from work.
Impact of impurities of local construction materials on the bearing capacity of the concrete used in structures in Burundi
Authors: Mikerego Emmanuel , Niyonzima Nestor , Ntirampeba Jean Claude
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The article is about an assessment of the impact of impurities contained in the local construction materials on the mechanical characteristics of the concrete used in reinforced concrete structures in Burundi.

Materials and methods. The methodology of the study consisted in varying the quantity of impurities for the manufactu­ring of the concrete experimental cubic samples. The grain sizes of the studied ordinary concrete were in the favourable zones according to the recommended granulometry for standard concretes. Simulation of impurities was made by adding in the mixing water solid particles taken from a local rock called “red earth”. The particles were composed by (24 %) of clays, (38 %) of silts and (38 %) of sands. As for the used cement in this study, it was the type CEM I (32.5). The quantities of impurities were expressed in grams per litre of mixing water (g/l) and were varying from (0 g/l) to (100 g/l) with a step of (20 g/l). The prepared experimental concrete samples were stored in the laboratory of materials at the University of Burundi and were subjected to compression testing under hydraulic press after 28 days.

Results. The impact of impurities consisting of (24 %) of clays, (38 %) of silts and (38 %) of sands is identified. Each increase of (20 g) of impurities in a litre of mixing water induces an average decrease of (4 %) on the compressive strength and the Young’s modulus for an ordinary concrete.

Conclusions. The impact of impurities contained in the local construction materials used in the manufacturing of the concrete for reinforced concrete structures in Burundi is studied. Each increase of (20 g) of impurities in a litre of mixing water induces an average decrease of (4 %) on the compressive strength and the Young’s modulus of an ordinary concrete. For Burundi, a curve for the approximation of the bearing capacity of the concrete used in reinforced concrete structures according to the quantity of impurities contained in the local construction materials was established. Hence, it is advisable to start by the specification of the quantity of impurities contained in the construction materials before making the concrete for reinforced concrete structures in order to predict the mechanical performances of the concrete used in reinforced concrete structures.
Determining the probability of accidents on gas distribution and gas consumption pipelines
Authors: Medvedeva Oksana N. , Chilikin Aleksander Yu.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The aim of this study is to analyze the current state of the Russian Federation gas distribution system, based on statistical material on accidents on gas distribution and gas consumption networks. The problem of ensuring reliable operation and safe operation of systems becomes most urgent in large cities and settlements with multi-stage and branched gas distribution networks, since every year the number of gas pipelines, equipment and fittings that have exhausted their design life increases. The objective of the study is to determine the causes and dynamics of accidents, identify the determining factors, develop an algorithm for quantitative assessment of the risk of emergencies and accidents at the facilities of the gas distribution system.

Materials and methods. In the work, proven research methods were used, including analysis and generalization of theory and experience in the field of reliability of gas distribution pipelines, a systematic approach and mathematical modeling were used.

Results. The materials on gasification of the territory of the Russian Federation using the methods of system analysis are generalized and systematized. Mechanisms of development of failures in gas distribution and gas consumption networks are considered, data on accidents are analyzed. The review of existing methods of troubleshooting and methods of assessing the state of gas pipelines, gas fittings and gas-using equipment is carried out. Methods for improving the efficiency, reliability and safety of gas distribution systems are proposed. The main results of the study are to summarize and systematize the materials of gas distribution organizations for the gasification of the territory of the Russian Federation using systems analysis methods.

Conclusions. The results obtained during the analysis on the state of the accident rate of the structural elements of the gas distribution system can be used to monitor the technical condition of the system, including taking preventive measures to prevent accident incidents.
The Vision of an Axe. Dostoevsky and Astronautics
Authors: Vinitsky Ilya Yu.
Published: November 2021

This essay explores the scientific and literary origins of the image of an axe thrown into outer space to orbit the earth, as it appears in the chapter “The Devil. The Vision of Ivan Fyodorovich” in Dostoevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov. Did Dostoevsky anticipate the idea of an artificial satellite, as many critics and journalists argue? How were science (in this case astronomy) and literature connected in his mind? How did Dostoevsky’s scientific and creative imagination work in general? The author shows that Dostoevsky’s “prophetic” reference to a sputnik was rooted in popular articles and textbooks about Newton’s mechanics and in Marko Vovchok’s (Maria Vilinskaya’s) translation of Jules Verne’s science fiction novel Around the Moon (“Autour de la Lune”), published in The Russian Herald (Russkii vestnik) in 1869. The novel relates the chronicle of a voyage of brave researchers inside a cannonball that was fired out of a giant space gun. The essay reconstructs the trajectory of Verne’s image of a manmade satellite in Russian literature of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
Let us Call in Dostoevsky for an Expert Advice (Perspectives for the Darovoe Estate)
Authors: Bessonova Albina S. , Victorovich Vladimir A.
Published: November 2021

Third paper on the topic. The formation of the restoration project of the Darovoe Museum is reaching a turning point. Bringing the creative laboratory of the museum construction into public space allows the scientific community to influence the process of establishing a new museum of the writer and sets a precedent for transparency in the restoration process. The combination of museum design, natural landscape, and architectural research with the achievements of philologists and historians are forming a new kind of interdisciplinary cooperation between scientists and practitioners. In fact, the process is now facing a conflict, ultimately of axiological nature. The article includes proposals of famous scholars to the General Directorate of the Cultural Heritage for the Moscow Region and the Protocol of the meeting of the section of the Council for the Cultural Heritage of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation; it presents the contradictions causing conflict. The concept of a natural museum of Dostoevsky’s childhood, defended by the academic community, is winning the right to implement with great effort.
The Function of the Fairy Tale in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Novel Netochka Nezvanova
Authors: Ksenia G. Ksenia G.
Published: November 2021

The article analyses the significance of fairy tales and fairy-tale motifs in the description of a particular period of Netochka’s life. Dostoevsky uses fairy-tale attributes to describe the childhood Netochka spent with her mother and stepfather in the attic. Netochka remembers herself from the emergence of her love for Efimov, who had already built a world of fantasies and illusions around himself by that time. Netochka accepts his vision of reality and plunges into an unreal, fairy tale atmosphere. She believes in Efimov’s talent, she hates and fears her poor mother as he does, and she dreams of running away from home. At some moment, the fairy tale collapses: the “evil wife” dies and Efimov cannot triumph over the visiting violinist S-ts. The lost talent suddenly becomes an unquestionable fact for Efimov himself, and for Netochka as well. That is why the girl suddenly begins to be afraid of her father, does not want to leave her mother alone in the room, and is afraid of the journey that she has been dreaming about so much. Waking up from the fairy tale, both Efimov and Netochka begin to see things as they are, begin to realize reality. Life without a fairy tale and faith in his own genius becomes impossible for Efimov. However, the liberation from fantasies and dreams turns out to be an opportunity for Netochka to move on toward a new life. The study of fairytale features in the novel helps to understand how Netochka grew up and how her love for Efimov brought Netochka into the strange and magical atmosphere that characterizes the girl’s childhood. Moreover, allusions to fairy tales, used in the description of this period of life, show how strongly children are influenced by the behavior and thoughts of those they love, and how much a person can distort reality, not wanting to recognize the sadness of life
The Reduce to Dostoevsky’s Artistic Mastery.The Brothers Karamazov and The Devils on the Stage of the Moscow Art Theater and in the Russian Press
Authors: Kudimova Marina V.
Published: November 2021

The article is dedicated to the history of the Moscow Art Theater productions in 1913–1914 based on F.M. Dostoevsky’s novels The Brothers Karamazov and The Devils, and to the fierce controversy that surrounded them. It analyzes the problem of finding an adequate stage form for the two novels, and the story of the birth of the so-called “Dostoevsky theater” and the Director’s theater, now dominating the stage. Despite Dostoevsky’s great interest in theater and his brother’s witness that the future novelist’s literary activity began with three (unfortunately lost) dramatic works, the writer himself was far from being confident that theatrical productions of his novels could be a success. The founders of the Moscow Art Theater challenged this opinion and proved that Dostoevsky’s novels could write a new page in the history of Russian theater. The article analyzes in detail newspaper and magazine reviews of the performances directed by Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko.
“We Need Literature to Live”: Discussing the Italian Video Production of “The Dream of a Ridiculous Man”
Authors: Corbella Caterina
Published: November 2021

The article is dedicated to the video production “The Dream of a Ridiculous Man”, based on the homonymous play staged by Teatro OUT OFF in Milan and produced by “Meeting for Friendship Amongst People”. The play is enriched with an introduction by Tatiana Kasatkina and closing speeches by students and pupils. The review presents the peculiarity and the history of the video through the words of three participants
From the History of the Research on Dostoevsky. The Legacy of Vasily Komarovich
Authors: Podosokorsky Nikolai N.
Published: November 2021

The review is devoted to the edition of collected works by the outstanding scholar Vasily Komarovich (1894–1942), researcher of the life and work of Fyodor Dostoevsky, philologist, textual critic, and folklorist. Most of the articles included in the book were published in small editions during the author’s lifetime and have never been reprinted since then. The book also contains materials on Vasily Komarovich.
Beyond the Words. Review of: Apollonio, C. Dostoevsky’s Secrets. Reading Against the Grain
Authors: Vainerman Viktor S.
Published: November 2021

Going “against the grain”, Carol Apollonio notices unusual and unexpected relations between characters, and by underlining the realism in Dostoevsky’s works, she relates them to real life. There is no work of Dostoevsky that could be able to stand up to criticism founded on strictly logical schemes, general rules, and writers’ “models”. Dostoevsky does everything wrong, differently from all the others. Carol Apollonio’s book marks the beginning of a new phase in research on Dostoevsky. She is like a small university whose main lesson is to teach its students systemic thinking and how to approach self-instruction systematically and without stereotypes. Carol Apollonio’s book shows once again how Dostoevsky, maybe more than any other writer in the world, does not tolerate fixed opinions nor research methods approved once and for all.
Didymous and Their Function in the Text of The Adolescent
Authors: Stepanian-Rumyantseva Elena V.
Published: November 2021

The article focuses on repeating details, situations, and characters in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel The Adolescent. To define such repetitions, the author of the present article uses the term dvoichatka (didymous), which is not a strictly academic definition, having been introduced in literary usage by Osip Mandelstam. This term encompasses all duplications that form the odd “density” of the text of The Adolescent. It is of note, that sometimes such repetitions align unequal elements, figures, and situations of very different scopes. Hence, these duplications create the rhythm of the novel, bonding the text as a whole and rendering it an uneven, shifting nature. The explicit “overcrowding” of the novel, the array of duplicating characters, and the density of the style, inherent to this particular text, all reflect Dostoyevsky’s intention to present a picture of “disorder” – the moral and social disarray that prevailed in post-reform Russia. However, precisely through the disorder of the main character, Arkady Dolgoruky, the reader is directed by the principal idea of the writer: Russia, seized by a rush into renewal, shall re-establish itself on a new and solid foundation. It shall attain prudence (the keyword of the novel) and the foremost role in this process will be played by adolescences, who are open to the future and from whom, according to Dostoyevsky, “generations are formed”.
Dostoevsky’s Creative Diaries: The Adolescent
Authors: Tarasova Natalia A.
Published: November 2021

The work deals with the textual study of rough manuscripts of the novel The Adolescent, specifically the correction of publisher’s errors in reading the manuscripts, together with the study of Dostoevsky’s creative process and the shaping of the concept of the novel in the phase of rough drafts. The article analyzes the connections between The Adolescent and Dostoevsky’s unrealized plan for The Life of a Great Sinner, as well as Pushkin and Lermontov’s motifs that were important for Dostoevsky’s creative method during the his work on the novel The Adolescent.
The Function of the Writer in Dostoevsky’s Novel The Humiliated and the Insulted
Authors: Shervarly Ksenia G.
Published: November 2021

Ivan Petrovich, the author of the notes, stands out among the other characters of the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky The Humiliated and the Insulted. He is an unremarkable and modest person, who has devoted all his time and energy to others. Everyone likes him, trusts him and feels brotherly love for him. The attitude to Vanya is inseparably linked with the attitude to his novel – “the firstborn”. Firstly each character reads the novel and then hurries to say to Vanya that he or she loved him and reveals his or her mind to him. The most important characteristics of Vanya’s character and of Vanya’s creative writing are honesty and frankness. These characteristics define the main function of the writer which is to console and transform the other characters. In the article, Ivan Petrovich, who is honest and clever, is also compared with honest and frank but stupid Alyosha, and with the observant and smart but heartless Prince. The latter even acts as a rival of Vanya and firstly defeats him with the help of cunning and deception. The article also focuses on Nelly, the Prince’s daughter, who inherited from her father not only her intelligence, but also the bitterness of her heart. She fights it throughout the novel. Attention is also drawn to the fact that Ivan Petrovich was going to write a new novel but was constantly busy in consoling other characters and answering their requests. The article suggests a possible resolution of the main conflict with the help of this new novel which, however, was never written. That may explain Ivan Petrovich’s helplessness during the final scene, when he was forced to beg Nelly to console everyone instead of doing it himself. Maybe Ivan Petrovich calls himself a “failed” writer and feels guilty because of using Nelly’s story instead of his unwritten novel.
Arkady Dolgoruky in Cinema and Theatre: Debut Decisions
Authors: Saraskina Liudmila I.
Published: November 2021

The paper investigates the fate of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel The Adolescent in cinema and theatre, comparing it with the stories of several film and stage adaptations of other works by the same author. The problem here discussed concerns the acceptable limits of interpretation, in cinema and theatre, of a literary work. The paper considers the following controversial aspects: - to what extent film and stage adaptations of a literary work may prove the success of the work as a piece of literature? - do film and stage adaptations expand (amplify) the contents of their literary source? - do they treat honestly the ideas and images of their source? The paper analyses the reasons why both cinema and theatre for many decades did not pay attention to The Adolescent and perhaps even deliberately bypassed it. The only film adaptation of The Adolescent so far was made in USSR in 1983 by the director Yevgeny I. Tashkov (1926-2012), with Andrei Tashkov (b. 1957) as Arkady Dolgoruky and Oleg Borisov (1929-1994) as Andrei Versilov. Of particular interest is the process of transforming the novel first-person narrative (Ich-Erzählung) into the language of cinema. However, the cinema debut of the novel and its characters cannot be described as a success. The film freed itself from the meaningfulness of the literary original, did not treat adequately its main ideas, and chose easy ways in all respects: in the script, in the work of the director, and the actors’ performances. Still more simplified has been the stage adaptation of The Adolescent at the Maly Drama Theatre in Saint Petersburg (the premiere took place on May 12, 2013). The director Oleg Dmitriyev, a disciple of Lev Dodon, abridged considerably the plot of the novel. The character of Versilov was deleted, shifting accents, and disfiguring the whole composition of the plot. In the novel, Arkady had dreamed all through his youth to come to know “the whole truth” about Versilov. In the stage adaptation, Arkady is presented not as a young and maturing person, but as a grown-up man who goes through a “middle-age crisis”: he turns into Versilov himself. He appropriates Versilov’s right to be extravagant and scandalous, thus playing the role, not of a witness but the central figure in the culmination of the story.
“I Have an Ideal, it Was Given me: Christ”: Dostoevsky’s Christology in the Context of the Tradition of Moral Interpretation of Dogma
Authors: Gacheva Anastasia G.
Published: November 2021

The present article continues a series of studies devoted to the theology of Fyodor Dostoevsky in the context of the tradition of moral interpretation of dogma, which was developing in Russian thought during the 19th century and the first third of the 20th century. The article focuses on Dostoevsky’s Christology, presented through the prism of the idea of transforming dogma into a commandment. It is shown that Dostoevsky’s perception of Christ as the “ideal man in flesh” should be understood not in the context of utopian thought, but as a manifestation of the idea of the deification of man, as expressed in the patristic aphorism: “For the Son of God became man so that we might become God.” Dostoevsky’s polemic with Konstantin Kavelin is discussed from the point of view of the Christological dogma. It is illustrated how the assertion of the equality of the two natures, Divine and human, in Christ affects the anthropology and historiosophy of Dostoevsky. Views of writer’s contemporaries who developed the idea of a moral interpretation of the dogma of the God-man, such as: archimandrite Fedor (Bukharev), bishop Ivan (Sokolov), Nikolay Fedorov, archimandrite Antony (Khrapovitsky), Viktor Nesmelov, Sergey Bulgakov are also considered.
Charles Gounod’s Faust and Dostoevsky Artistic Principles
Authors: Kovalevskaya Tatyana V.
Published: November 2021

The article considers the “Faustian” scene in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s The Adolescent as the musical embodiment of Dostoevsky’s central poetic device: statements with maximum formal similarity and maximum semantic divergence. This device is contextualized within Mikhail Bakhtin’s polyphonic novel concept and within the context of the history of polyphony as a musical phenomenon starting with its origins in the Western European music. We follow Larisa Gogotishvili’s suggestion that Mikhail Bakhtin’s polyphony is not the polyphony of the 18th-19th century (Johann Sebastian Bach, for instance) but the 20th-century polyphony (Arnold Schoenberg) and propose that Bakhtin’s and Dostoevsky’s concepts of polyphony have different origins (relativist in Bakhtin and epistemological in Dostoevsky) and consequently serve different purposes: Bakhtin affirms a multiplicity of voices as a matter of principle, while Dostoevsky strives to ultimately overcome this multiplicity by covering as many concepts of reality as possible. The breadth of Dostoevsky’s conceptual range is intended to overcome humans’ epistemological limitations and avoid dangerous cognitive traps that lie in statements that are formally close, but semantically different.
The Reflection of the Olfactory Traditions of the Second Half of the 19th Century in the Work of Fyodor Dostoevsky
Authors: Dekhanova Olga A. , Dekhanov Mikhail E.
Published: November 2021

The rapid development of natural sciences at the beginning of the 19th century led to the creation of new sanitary and hygienic standards. The attention of the public opinion was now turned to keeping the body and clothing perfectly clean as a way of preventing diseases. New sanitary and hygienic regulations now prescribed not to mask unpleasant bodily odors with aromatic means, but to keep the body and clothing clean, which was regarded as a guarantee of bodily health. The popularization of new scientific discoveries through articles in public newspapers and magazines prepared the public consciousness for a new perception of the smells of everyday life, and the fiction, responding to the discussed social phenomena, fixed new cultural standards in the minds of readers. In this paper, we consider some of the new olfactory criteria used for evaluating characters or behavior patterns in works of fiction written in the second half of the 19th century, as well as their patterns and peculiarities in Dostoevsky’s oeuvre.