bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Political Economy of the US Mortgage Default Crisis
Authors: Mian Atif , Sufi Amir , Trebbi Francesco
Published: December 2010

We examine the effects of constituents, special interests, and ideology on congressional voting on two of the most significant pieces of legislation in US economic history. Representatives whose constituents experience a sharp increase in mortgage defaults are more likely to support the Foreclosure Prevention Act, especially in competitive districts. Interestingly, representatives are more sensitive to defaults of their own-party constituents. Special interests in the form of higher campaign contributions from the financial industry increase the likelihood of supporting the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act. However, ideologically conservative representatives are less responsive to both constituent and special interests. (JEL D72, G21, G28)
Margins of Multinational Labor Substitution
Authors: Muendler Marc-Andreas , Becker Sascha O
Published: December 2010

Employment at a multinational enterprise (MNE) responds to wages at the extensive margin, when an MNE enters a foreign location, and at the intensive margin, when an MNE operates existing affiliates. We present an MNE model and conditions for parametric and nonparametric identification. Prior studies rarely found wages to affect MNE employment. Our integrated approach documents salient labor substitution for German manufacturing MNEs and removes bias. In Central and Eastern Europe, most employment responds at the extensive margin, while in Western Europe the extensive margin accounts for around two-thirds of employment shifts. At distant locations, MNEs respond to wages only at the extensive margin. (JEL F23, J23, J31, R32)
Do We Follow Others when We Should? A Simple Test of Rational Expectations
Authors: Weizsäcker Georg
Published: December 2010

The paper presents a meta dataset covering 13 experiments on social learning games. It is found that in situations where it is empirically optimal to follow others and contradict one's own information, the players err in the majority of cases, forgoing substantial parts of earnings. The average player contradicts her own signal only if the empirical odds ratio of the own signal being wrong, conditional on all available information, is larger than 2:1, rather than 1:1 as would be implied by rational expectations. A regression analysis formulates a straightforward test of rational expectations which strongly rejects the null. (JEL D82, D83, D84)
Psychological Pressure in Competitive Environments: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment
Authors: Apesteguia Jose , Palacios-Huerta Ignacio
Published: December 2010

Emotions can have important effects on performance and socioeconomic outcomes. We study a natural experiment where two teams of professionals compete in a tournament taking turns in a sequence. As the sequential order is determined by the random outcome of a coin flip, the treatment and control groups are determined via explicit randomization. Hence, absent any psychological effects, both teams should have the same probability of winning. Yet, we find a systematic first-mover advantage. Further, professionals are self-aware of their own psychological effects and, when given the chance, they rationally react by systematically taking advantage of these effects. (JEL C93, D03, D82, L83)
Origins of N2 in the Dongtai Depression of the Subei Basin
Authors: Zhang Liuping , Zhang Ying , Wang Aiguo
Published: December 2010

Identification of N2 origins can help to reduce exploration risks and to improve the understanding of gas generation and accumulation. N2 from the mantle and organic matter in basins cannot be unraveled by using θ15 N ratios alone, due to overlapping θ15 N signatures. In this paper, we comprehensively studied N2, Ar, θ15 N, N2/3He, 3He/4He, θ13 C and their relationships of natural gases in the Dongtai Depression of the Subei Basin. Nitrogen contents of the gases in this depression range from 0.2 to 85.9%. Some samples have the air N2/Ar ratio but others are excess relative to this ratio. θ15N data of all the samples except one constitute two populations in the histogram. All these features reflect at least two origins of N2. One of these populations has θ15N values around 0‰ with N2/3He ratios of 1.0×107 to 9.5×109, whereas the other population has negative θ15N values from −7.3 to −2.2 ‰ with N2/3He of 1.1×107 to 9.4×109. It was obtained that the nitrogen of the former population is mainly atmospheric in origin. For the latter population, a considerable amount of nitrogen from organic matter in sedimentary rocks was identified, which coexist with the nitrogen from the air and mantle. In the Dongtai Depression of the Subei Basin, therefore, atmospheric, organic and mantle origins provided remarkable contributions to the natural gases.
Design and Construction of the Danish Cancer Center
Authors: Jensen Frank
Published: December 2010

The Danish Cancer Centre by architects Gehry Partners has presented the engineering team with a number of challenges. This paper describes primarily the challenges posed by the use of 450 × 450 mm solid Douglas Fyr members for a Mikado-like beam and column system, and the preservation of the existing historic building from 1908. These included developing a robust structural concept that allows the wooden members freedom to twist and crack over time. The paper also provides insight into the extensive fire and building services engineering carried out. The use of BIM, in particular Revit Structure, for the fabrication drawings of more than 500 steel/wood connections, is also described.
Autoregressive Model-Based Vibration Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing
Authors: Qing HE , Dongmei DU , Xuhui WANG
Published: December 2010

In order to overcome low resolution and poor variance performance in the classic power spectrum, autoregressive model in modern spectrum estimation was developed to diagnose the vibration fault of rolling bearing with noise so that it can get high resolution, smooth power spectrum, and it can be able to identify the fault of rolling bearing, to determine the fault type and improve fault diagnosis rate. The resolution of autocorrelation method, Burg method, and improved covariance method with the simulated vibration signal of rolling bearing with noise was studied. The method to determine optimal order and the resolution of different sampling point for autoregressive model were presented. The results showed that Akaike information criterion, that is AIC- p, is a good method to obtain power spectrum on the order of smooth curve rather than the order of minimum AIC. If the sampling point number is larger, three methods can obtain the same resolution, but if the sampling point number is less, Burg method and improved covariance method can get better resolution than autocorrelation method.
Study on Fault Diagnosis for Engine Based on Feature Fusion
Authors: Xu LiJia
Published: December 2010

Fault Diagnosis for engine is very crucial, yet very difficult. Because vibrator-based techniques have been proven to be effective in detecting faults in rotating machine, the paper presents a new method for engine fault diagnosis by using the rotor's vibration signals. The experiment results show that the proposed method has prominent classification performance. First, to include more fault information, two kinds of features, i.e., spectrum features and wavelet features, are extracted from vibration signals of engine's rotor, respectively. Subsequently, two kinds of features are combined and PCA is further used to reduce the dimension of the combined features and remove their redundancy, thus we can obtain the fused features. Finally, the fused features are sent to BP network to accomplish the diagnosis of the faults in engine. The performance of the proposed method is tested, and it shows that the method can significantly improve classification ability.
Equivalent Method for Simulating Uplift Pressure in Dam Model Test
Authors: Chen Jian-Ye , Zhang Lin , Chen Yuan , Yang Bao-Quan , Ding Ze-Lin
Published: December 2010

Uplift pressure is an important factor for dam stability. The simulation of uplift pressure in dam model test is, however, still an unsolved problem. This paper presents original developments in uplift pressure simulation including mechanical analysis, theoretical derivations, numerical simulation and experimental investigation. Based on the loading properties, a new test method for simulating uplift pressure by equivalent loads is proposed, and relevant calculation formulas are derived. Similarity theory was used to deduce the similarity relations. Numerical analyses of two dams were carried out, and the equivalence, similarity and applicability of the equivalent simulation method were verified. Finally, this method was applied in the model test of a practical dam. Sound test results were obtained, which have been adopted in the design and construction of the dam. Research results show that the equivalent simulation method is a feasible test method for simulating the effects of the uplift pressure in model tests.
Damage Detection Method Based on Element Modal Strain Energy Sensitivity
Authors: Yan Wang-Ji , Huang Tian-Li , Ren Wei-Xin
Published: December 2010

In this paper, a damage detection method based on an efficient algebraic algorithm of element modal strain energy sensitivity is proposed for detecting damage location and severity. The method adopts a closed form of element modal strain energy sensitivity. The element damage equations have been systematically established and a solution technique incorporated with the singular value decomposition-based regularization algorithm is used to ensure the correct solutions. A number of assumed damage scenarios for numerically simulated beams and two-dimensional frame structure have been used to demonstrate the applicability of proposed method. The noise effect is also presented. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is efficient in a one-step (non-iterative) procedure.
Optimal Bounded Semi-Active Control of Hysteretic Systems with MR Damper
Authors: Huan R.H. , Li X.P. , Wu Y.J. , Zhu W.Q.
Published: December 2010

A bounded stochastic optimal semi-active control strategy for random excited hysteretic systems by using MR damper is proposed and illustrated by an example of a single degree-of-freedom hysteretic system. First, the dynamics of MR damper and the hysteretic force are expressed by using the Bouc-Wen model. Then, the system is converted into an equivalent nonlinear non-hysteretic stochastic system, from which the optimal bounded semi-active control law consisting of optimal unbounded control and bang-bang control is derived by using stochastic averaging method and stochastic dynamical programming principle. Finally, the response of optimally controlled system is predicted from solving the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov (FPK) equation associated with the fully averaged Itô equation. Numerical results show that the proposed control strategy has high control effectiveness and efficiency.
Quantitative Risk Analysis for The Response of Steel Beams in Fires
Authors: Huang Po-Ta , Delichatsios M. A.
Published: December 2010

This paper develops a probabilistic approach though event trees for the scenarios and Monte-Carlo simulation for the propagation of uncertainties (e.g. in input parameters, models) concerning the evaluation of time and consequences of the failure of structural elements in fires. The time to failure is the output of specific deterministic two zone models (e.g. Ozone) following current regulatory guidelines for possible fire scenarios and input parameters for the design of restrained and unrestrained beams. As a consequence, probabilistic distributions of times replace fixed times to failure of structural elements. These probability distributions are combined in event trees to determine the risk curve for different scenarios, design parameters and fire safety systems such as detection, sprinklers and insulation of beams. The consequence in the risk curve is represented by the magnitude of the probability to failure whereas the associated likelihood is calculated for all possible scenarios. The results allow the relative risk assessment of different design alternatives and the underpinning of sensitive parameters.
Marriage and Fatherhood Programs
Authors: Cowan Philip A. , Cowan Carolyn Pape , Knox Virginia
Published: December 2010

To improve the quality and stability of couple and father-child relationships in fragile families, researchers are beginning to consider how to tailor existing couple-relationship and father-involvement interventions, which are now targeted on married couples, to the specific needs of unwed couples in fragile families. The goal, explain Philip Cowan, Carolyn Pape Cowan, and Virginia Knox, is to provide a more supportive developmental context for mothers, fathers, and, especially, the children in fragile families. The authors present a conceptual model to explain why couple-relationship and father-involvement interventions developed for middle- and low-income married couples might be expected to provide benefits for children of unmarried parents. Then they summarize the extensive research on existing couple-relationship and father-involvement interventions, noting that only a few of the programs for couples and a handful of fatherhood programs have been systematically evaluated. Of those that have been evaluated, few have included unmarried couples as participants, and none has investigated whether interventions may have different effects when unmarried fathers live with or apart from the child. Furthermore, although the funders and creators of most programs for couples or for fathers justify their offerings in terms of potential benefits for children, the authors note that the programs rarely assess child outcomes systematically. Next, the authors consider whether interventions for working-class or middle-class fathers or couples that have shown benefits for family members and their relationships might be helpful to fragile families, in which the parents are not married at the time of their child's birth. Because evidence suggests that couple-oriented programs also have a positive effect on father involvement, the authors recommend integrating couple and fatherhood interventions to increase their power to reduce the risks and enhance the protective factors for children's development and well-being. The authors emphasize the need for more research on program development to understand the most effective ways to strengthen co-parenting by couples who are the biological parents of a child but who have relatively tenuous, or already dissolved, relationships with one another. In closing, the authors summarize how far the family-strengthening field has come and offer suggestions for where it might go from here to be helpful to fragile families.
Mothers' Economic Conditions and Sources of Support in Fragile Families
Authors: Kalil Ariel , Ryan Rebecca M.
Published: December 2010

Rising rates of nonmarital childbirth in the United States have resulted in a new family type, the fragile family. Such families, which include cohabiting couples as well as single mothers, experience significantly higher rates of poverty and material hardship than their married counterparts. Ariel Kalil and Rebecca Ryan summarize the economic challenges facing mothers in fragile families and describe the resources, both public and private, that help them meet these challenges. The authors explain that the economic fragility of these families stems from both mothers' and fathers' low earnings, which result from low education levels, as well as from physical, emotional, and mental health problems. Mothers in fragile families make ends meet in many ways. The authors show that various public programs, particularly those that provide in-kind assistance, do successfully lessen economic hardship in fragile families. Single mothers also turn to private sources of support—friends, family, boyfriends—for cash and in-kind assistance. But though these private safety nets are essential to many mothers' economic survival, according to the authors, private safety nets are not always consistent and dependable. Thus, assistance from private sources may not fundamentally improve mothers' economic circumstances. Policy makers, say Kalil and Ryan, must recognize that with rates of nonmarital childbirth at their current level, and potentially rising still, the fragile family is likely an enduring fixture in this country. It is thus essential to strengthen policies that both support these families' economic self-sufficiency and alleviate their hardship during inevitable times of economic distress. The most important first step, they say, is to strengthen the public safety net, especially such in-kind benefits as food stamps, Medicaid, housing, and child care. A next step would be to bolster community-based programs that can provide private financial support, such as emergency cash assistance, child care, and food aid, when mothers cannot receive it from their own private networks.
Temporal Variability of Bank Erosion in East Tennessee Headwater Streams
Authors: Harden Carol P. , Chartrand Keri Johnson , Henry Erich
Published: December 2010

Como parte de un gran esfuerzo para mejorar la calidad de agua en la cuenca del Little River, instalamos y monitoreamos 45 puntos de erosión en 12 bancos de tributarios de este río del este de Tennessee. Aquí, examinamos cambios en exposición en puntos individuales de erosión y comparamos las medidas realizadas después de 2.5 años a las realizadas a finales del primer año (2007). Ningún banco de cuenca se mantuvo igual. Los cambios en los puntos individuales fluctuaron de 32.2 cm erosionados a 2 cm en el depósito (los depósitos más profundos se mantienen sin medir), con una media promedio en la tasa de erosión en el banco de 2.4 cm al año. Los resultados del primer año ilustraron patrones vistos más tarde—pérdidas medias ∼1 a 2 cm al año por banco, variación considerable, las pérdidas mayores en la parte inferior de los bancos, y erosión sub-aérea activa—pero no se predijeron patrones para puntos o bancos individuales. En la mitad de los lugares, las tasas de cambio medidas en 2.5 años excedieron las medidas después del primer año.
The LiDAR-side of Headwater Streams: Mapping Channel Networks with High-resolution Topographic Data
Authors: James L. Allan , Hunt Kirsten J.
Published: December 2010

Los métodos automáticos para cartografiar canales principales son revisados y tres métodos se utilizan para cartografiar una pequeña cuenca en la altura de la Piedmont de Carolina del Sur basados en datos de alta resolución de LiDAR. En primer lugar, los canales fueron cartografiados manualmente utilizando crenulaciones a 0.6-m en contornos generados a través de los datos de LiDAR. Investigaciones en el campo indican que los mapas de contorno generados con LiDAR son superiores a los cuadrángulos topográficos a escala 1:24,000 y que el mapa de redes resultante es utilizado como referencia para evaluar las simulaciones de red. En segundo lugar, las redes de canales fueron generadas utilizando métodos de acumulación de flujo estándar con tres umbrales de áreas críticas representando áreas de drenaje de 480,800 y 1600 m 2 . En tercer lugar, las redes de canales fueron generadas utilizando un producto de área con pendiente proporcional a la fuerza de la corriente (Ω i,j ∝ Ai,j S i,j ). Este método de múltiples variable que incluye gradientes de colina-pendiente mejora la identificación de pequeños canales en tierras altas en terreno escarpado, pero puede también reflejar falsos barrancos laterales en los canales. Aunque todos los métodos son capaces de simular de forma certera las redes de canales con una densidad de drenaje apropiada, los errores por omisiones son mayores con el método de acumulación convencional y tiene una asociación con las pendientes.
In-Channel Benches in Small Watersheds: Examples from the Southern Piedmont
Authors: Royall Dan , Davis Lisa , Kimbrow Dustin R.
Published: December 2010

Conocimiento de la dinámica del proceso y las formas de almacenamiento de los sedimentos en el río es importante para comprender los impactos del cambio climático y cambio en el uso del suelo en la producción de sedimentos, morfología longitudinal y transversal del canal del cauce, y los hábitat acuáticos y de ribera. Entre las formas importantes de almacenamiento de sedimentos están los bancos dentro de los canales: nivel, depósitos fluviales escalonados que ocurren a diferentes alturas sobre el fondo del canal pero por debajo de la superficie del llano de inundación principal. En este estudio, la presencia contemporánea de bancos dentro de los canales en cauces en el Piedmont fue examinada, y las características hidrológicas de las localidades de estudio fueron investigadas como potenciales causantes de la formación del banco. Nueve localidades en el canal del cauce, estudiadas originalmente en 1964, fueron reexaminadas para determinar cambios en el número de niveles en el banco dentro del canal y las características morfológicas actuales del banco. De uno a tres niveles de banco no documentados en 1964 se observaron en varios lugares que tienen áreas de drenaje a menos de 600 km 2 . Se encontró que generalmente los bancos de bajo y medio nivel son altamente discontinuos, dominados casi exclusivamente por vegetación herbácea, y con frecuencia bien estratificadas. A pesar de que instancias específicas de ocurrencia de bancos pueden ser controladas a nivel local, la correspondencia entre las elevaciones de los bancos dentro de los canales y etapas de flujos de periodos de sequía con intervalos de recurrencia similares a las del llano de inundación activo más alto y más grande bajo condiciones hidroclimáticas promedio, sugieren un vínculo entre la morfogénesis del banco y las sequías. El crecimiento reciente de los bancos en la última década de sequía en el Piedmont es demostrable en una localidad, utilizando restos culturales que pueden ser adjudicados a una fecha específica. Sin embargo, la asignación inequívoca de edades específicas a los depósitos del banco sigue siendo problemático.
Expression of 5α-reductase type 1 in breast cancer and adjacent non-malignant tissue: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Zhao Gang , Lu Liu , Luu-The Van , Fan Zhimin , Labrie Fernand , Pelletier Georges
Published: December 2010

Intratumoral biosynthesis of sex steroids is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis and development of human breast cancer. There is evidence that androgens can inhibit the development and progression of breast cancer. Among the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of androgens, 5α-reductase plays a key role by reducing testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, the most potent androgen. Two isoforms of 5α-reductase have been characterized and 5α-reductase type 1 is predominant in breast cancer tissue. We developed specific antibodies to 5α-reductase type 1 and studied the expression of the enzyme in 84 specimens of breast carcinoma and adjacent non-malignant tissues by immunohistochemistry. The results were correlated with the expression of androgen receptor, estrogen receptor α, progesterone receptor and CDC47, a cell division marker as well as the tumor stage, tumor size, nodal status and menopausal status. The expression of 5α-reductase type 1 in 61% of breast cancer specimens appeared significantly lower than that observed in normal adjacent tissues (87% of cases being positive). There was no significant correlation between 5α-reductase type 1 expression and the clinicopathological parameters studied. The decrease in 5α-reductase type 1 expression in breast cancer as compared to that observed in the adjacent normal tissues could play a role in the development and/or progression of the cancer by modifying the intratumoral levels of androgens.
Nomegestrol acetate is an anti-aromatase agent in human MCF-7aro breast cancer cells
Authors: Chetrite Gérard S. , Pasqualini Jorge R.
Published: December 2010

Background: The progestogen nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC), a 17α-hydroxy-nor-progesterone derivative (LUTENYL®) is largely used as an oral contraceptive and to treat menopausal complaints. In previous studies, we demonstrated that NOMAC is an anti-sulfatase agent in MCF-7 and T-47D breast cancer cells. In this study, we explore the effect of NOMAC on aromatase activity in a stable aromatase-expressing human breast cancer cell line: MCF-7aro.

Materials and methods: Cells were incubated with physiological concentrations of androgen substrates [3H]-testosterone or [3H]-androstenedione (5×10–9 mol/L) alone, or in the presence of NOMAC (5×10–5 mol/L–5×10–8 mol/L) for 24 h at 37°C. [3H]-Estradiol (E2), [3H]-estrone (E1), [3H]-testosterone and [3H]-androstenedione were characterized by thin layer chromatography and quantified using the corresponding standard.

Results: Aromatase activity levels are high in MCF-7aro cells because the [3H]-E2 concentration after incubation of [3H]-testosterone was 5.8±0.31 pmol/mg DNA in non-treated cells. At concentrations of 5×10–5 mol/L, 5×10–6 mol/L and 5×10–7 mol/L NOMAC significantly inhibits this conversion by 49.7%, 29.9% and 18.1%, respectively. After [3H]-androstenedione incubation, similar inhibition levels were observed with NOMAC for [3H]-E1 formation; whereas, inhibition of [3H]-E2 production, which implicates 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in this pathway, is greater because NOMAC also inhibits this enzyme.

Conclusion: The MCF-7aro cell line shows high aromatase activity and NOMAC can act as an anti-aromatase agent by inhibiting this activity. This is an important new effect of this progestogen. Because NOMAC can also inhibit sulfatase activity in breast cancer cells, we suggest that this dual effect of NOMAC has attractive possibilities for clinical trials.
Ce13Ir34.4P24 – An intergrowth structure of ThCr2Si2, SrPtSb, and CeMg2Si2 related slabs
Authors: Pfannenschmidt Ulrike , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: December 2010

Well-shaped needles of the metal-rich phosphide Ce13Ir34.4P24 were synthesized by a reaction of the elements in a lead flux (1 : 2 : 2 : 60 molar ratio, 1370 K, slow cooling rate of 2 K/h). Ce13Ir34.4P24 was characterized by X-ray powder and single crystal data: new structure type C2/m (mS144–1.2), a = 4512.2(9), b = 398.51(8), c = 1331.1(2) pm, β = 105.01(2)°, wR2 = 0.0326, 3554 F
2 values and 186 variables. The structure is built up from a complex three-dimensional [Ir34.4P24]
δ– polyanion in which the seven crystallographically independent cerium atoms fill distorted hexagonal cavities. Geometrically the Ce13Ir34.4P24 structure can be described as an intergrowth variant of ThCr2Si2, SrPtSb, and CeMg2Si2 related slabs, similar to Lu3Ir7P5, Sm15Ir33P26, and Ce4Ir14P9.
Protonation of Benzo-18-crown-6: Extraction and DFT Study
Authors: Toman Petr , Makrlík Emanuel , Vaňura Petr , Kašička Vaclav
Published: December 2010

From extraction experiments and γ-activity measurements, the extraction constant corresponding to the equilibrium H3O+(aq) + 1·Na+(nb)⇌1·H3O+(nb) + Na+(aq) taking place in the two-phase water-nitrobenzene system (1 = benzo-18-crown-6, aq = aqueous phase, nb = nitrobenzene phase) was evaluated as log K
ex(H3O+, 1·Na+)=-0.8±0.1. Further, the stability constant of the 1·H3O+ complex in water-saturated nitrobenzene was calculated for a temperature of 25°C as log β
nb(1·H3O+)=6.3±0.1. Finally, by using quantum mechanical DFT calculations, the most probable structure of the 1·H3O+ cationic complex species was derived. In this complex, the hydroxonium ion H3O+ is bound by three strong linear hydrogen bonds to one (Ar–O–CH2) ethereal oxygen and two (CH2–O–CH2) ethereal oxygen atoms of the parent crown ligand 1. The interaction energy was found to be -401.4kJ/mol, confirming the formation of the considered complex 1·H3O+.
Prospecting for Oil
Authors: shields david s.
Published: December 2010

From the 1770s to the 1880s agriculturists and cooks sought to develop culinary oils from plants. Thomas Jefferson's attempts to introduce the olive into the agriculture of the United States, as a partial substitute for lard in cookery and as a cheap oleo for the consumption of slaves, met with limited success, even in the southeast, because periodic freezes and high humidity thwarted the development of groves. Southern slaves from West Africa supplied their own oil, derived from benne (Sesamum indicum). Benne oil was merely one feature of an elaborate African-American cuisine employing sesame that included benne soup, benne and greens, benne and hominy, benne candy, and benne wafers. Only the last item has survived as a feature of regional and ethnic cookery. In the first decades of the nineteenth century, planter experimentalists began the commercial scale production of benne oil, establishing it as the primary salad oil and the second favored frying medium in the southern United States. It enjoyed acceptance and moderate commercial success until the refinement of cottonseed oil in the 1870s and 1880s. Cotton seed, a waste product of the south's most vital industry, was turned into a revenue stream as David Wesson and other scientists created a salad oil and frying medium designedly tasteless and odorless, and a cooking fat, hydrogenated cottonseed oil (Cottonlene or Crisco) that could cheaply substitute for lard in baking. With the recent recovery of regional foodways, both the olive and sesame are being revived for use in the neo-southern cookery of the twenty-first century.
Cheese Cultures: Transforming American Tastes and Traditions
Authors: paxson heather
Published: December 2010

Although the history of cheesemaking in the United States tells largely a tale of industrialization, there is a submerged yet continuous history of small-batch, hands-on, artisan cheese manufacture. This tradition, carried on in artisan cheese factories across the country, although concentrated in Wisconsin, is often overlooked by a new generation of artisan cheesemakers. Continuities in fabrication methods shared by preindustrial and post-industrial artisan creameries have been obscured by changes in the organization and significance of artisan production over the last one hundred years. Making cheese by hand has morphed from chore to occupation to vocation; from economic trade to expressive endeavor; from a craft to an art. American artisan cheesemaking tradition was invented and reinvented as a tradition of innovation. Indeed, ideological commitment to innovation as modern, progressive, American——and thus a marketable value——further obscures continuities between past and present, artisan factories, and new farmstead production. The social disconnect between the current artisan movement and American's enduring cheesemaking tradition reproduces class hierarchies even as it reflects growing equity in gendered occupational opportunities.
Marcos Zapata's Last Supper: A Feast of European Religion and Andean Culture
Authors: zendt christina
Published: December 2010

In Marcos Zapata's 1753 painting of the Last Supper in Cuzco, Peru, Christian symbolism is filtered through Andean cultural tradition. Zapata was a late member of the Cuzco School of Painting, a group comprised of few European immigrants and handfuls of mestizo and Indian artists. The painters in Cuzco learned mostly from prints of European paintings, and their style tends to blend local culture into the traditional painting of their conquistadors. Imagery was the most successful tool used by the Spaniards in their quest to Christianize the Andean population. By teaching locals to paint Christian subjects, they were able to infuse Christianity into Andean traditions. Zapata's rendering of the Last Supper utilizes this cultural blending while staying true to the Christian symbolism within the subject. Instead of the traditional lamb, Zapata's Last Supper features a platter of cuy, or guinea pig, an Andean delicacy stocked with protein as well as cultural significance. Cuy was traditionally a sacrificial animal at Inca agricultural festivals and in this way it offers poignant parallel to the lamb, as a traditional Christian sacrificial animal.
Aspergillus peritonitis esete
Authors: Patyi Márta , Svébis Mihály
Published: December 2010

Absztrakt

Az egyre növekvő számú immunsuprimált beteg között a gombafertőzések előfordulása, köztük az Aspergillusok által kiváltott fertőzések száma emelkedik. Nő a klinikusokban a gombadiagnosztikára az igény, és egyre nagyobb kihívást jelent ezen betegek kezelése. A közleményben szereplő 53 éves férfi esetét a szerzők azért tartják bemutatásra érdemesnek, mivel az irodalomban nagyon kevés Aspergillus peritonitis leírás található, és a hosszú ápolási idő alatt megjelenő sok egyéb infekció kezelése is nehéz, valamint költséges volt. A szerzők felhívják a figyelmet továbbá a konziliáriusi munka, a tenyésztési mintavételek fontosságára is.
Role of exhaled nitric oxide in predicting steroid response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Antus Balázs
Published: December 2010

A kilégzett levegőben mérhető nitrogén-monoxid a legszélesebb körben vizsgált légúti biomarker. A stabil állapotú krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegségben a kilégzett nitrogén-monoxid-szint hasonló vagy csak kismértékben emelkedett az egészségesekhez képest. Mivel a nitrogén-monoxid-szint szoros összefüggést mutat a légúti eosinophilia mértékével, és mivel az eosinophil típusú légúti gyulladás szteroidokra érzékenyebb, az emelkedett nitrogén-monoxid-szinttel rendelkező betegek jobb válaszkészséget mutatnak az inhalációs vagy szisztémás kortikoszteroidkezelésre. A krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegség akut exacerbatiója során a kilégzett nitrogén-monoxid szintje megemelkedik, majd ennek kezelése után csökken. Mivel a nitrogén-monoxid-szint és a kezelés során elért légzésfunkciós javulás szoros korrelációt mutat egymással, a nitrogén-monoxid-méréssel a terápiás válasz megjósolható. Összefoglalva: a nitrogén-monoxid-méréssel a krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegségben szenvedő betegek olyan alcsoportját lehet elkülöníteni, amelynek szteroidérzékenysége nagyobb. Orv. Hetil., 2010,151,2083–2088.
Major contributing factors of self perceived health in Hungarian ambulance personnel
Authors: Betlehem József , Horváth Attila , Göndöcs Zsigmond , Jeges Sára , Boncz Imre , Oláh András
Published: December 2010

A mentődolgozók egészségi állapota önmagában is befolyásolja a betegellátás minőségét. Magyarország egyes régióiban végzett felmérések ugyan rendelkezésre állnak a mentődolgozók egészségi állapotával összefüggő szokásaikról, azonban ezek nem az egészségi állapot dimenzióinak komplexitásával készültek. A jelenlegi tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa a mentődolgozók észlelt egészségi állapotával összefüggő jelentősebb munkahelyi és egyéni faktorokat. Módszerek: Keresztmetszeti vizsgálat készült az Országos Mentőszolgálat dolgozói körében 2008-ban. A vizsgálatban a mentőszervezet valamennyi régiója részt vett, ezért a minta jó reprezentatív értékkel bír. A dolgozók közül 364 fő válaszai voltak értékelhetők. Adatfelvétel, -rögzítés és -kódolás után leíró adatbemutatás és Spearman-, χ2-teszt és logisztikus regressziós elemzés történt az SPSS 15.0 szoftverrel. A vizsgálat önkitöltős kérdőívvel készült, amely az észlelt egészségi állapot alábbi fő dimenzióit mérte: egészségi állapot önértékelése, fizikai fittségi állapot önértékelése, napi munkavégzésben akadályozó egészségi problémák. Eredmények: Az eredmények rámutatnak arra, hogy a mentődolgozók észlelt egészségi állapota szignifikánsan nem különbözik az ellátóegység-típusok szerint a legtöbb vizsgált paraméterben, jóllehet az általuk ellátott esetek különböző összetettségűek. Az egészségi állapotuk önértékelésében 1,9-szer (95% CI: 1,2–2,8), a fizikai fittségi állapotuk önértékelését illetően 2-szer (95% CI: 1,3–3) és a mindennapokban jelentkező munkájukat befolyásoló egészségi problémájukat illetően 1,9-szer (95% CI: 1,2–3,1) kedvezőbben élik meg azok a dolgozók, akik valamilyen sportot űznek. Általánosságban elmondható, hogy komoly stressz éri őket, alig van szabadidejük, és kevés rekreációs fizikai aktivitást végeznek. A kedvezőtlen életmódjukból következően a kóros elhízás minden ötödik dolgozónál megjelenik. Következtetések: A fizikai aktivitás képes az egészségi állapotot még akkor is pozitívan befolyásolni, ha már bizonyos panaszok jelen vannak. Rendszeres testmozgást, mely növeli a fizikai fittséget, minden mentődolgozónak végezni kellene, s ez jelentős mértékben javítaná az észlelt egészségi állapotot. Orv. Hetil., 2010, 151, 2089–2098.
Botanical aspects of Heteropterys umbellata (Malpighiaceae): a cytological and palynological approach
Authors: Sousa Saulo M. , Reis Aryane C. , Gomes Shaiany S.L. , Bernardo Karina B. , Salimena Fátima R.G. , Viccini Lyderson F.
Published: December 2010

The genus Heteropterys is one of the major genera in Malpighiaceae. However, few cytological and palynological studies were reported. The present work described for the first time the chromosome number, heterochromatin pattern, meiotic behavior, pollen viability and palynological aspects of Heteropterys ubellata, a very spread species. One large Brazilian population was evaluated using conventional techniques for meiotic studies and acetolyse to access the pollen morphology. The species showed 2n = 20 chromosomes, normal meiotic development and viable pollens. Great blocks of heterochromatin were observed around the centromers. DAPI staining was positive for centroeric heterochroatin, hile CMA3 ark as observed just at terinal regions of one pair of hoologues chromosomes. This result and the presence of one chromosome pair attached to the nucleoli during the pachytene and diakinesis suggested the presence of only one pair of NORs. Palynological analysis revealed that pollen grains are apolar, 6 porate and with colpoids associated to all pores. The pollen content was positive for the starch test, and the exine was rugulate with little psilate regions.
Evaluation of the botanical origin of commercial dry bee pollen load batches using pollen analysis: a proposal for technical standardization
Authors: Barth Ortrud M. , Freitas Alex S. , Oliveira Érika S. , Silva Rosana A. , Maester Fernanda M. , Andrella Raquel R.S. , Cardozo Gina M.B.Q.
Published: December 2010

High quality of bee pollen for commercial purpose is required. In order to attend the consumer with the best identification of the botanical and floral origin of the product, 25 bee pollen batches were investigated using two techniques of pollen grain preparation. The first started to identify pollen loads of different colors in two grams of each well mixed batch, and the second to identify pollen grains in a pool made of all the pollen loads comprised in two grams. The best result was obtained by this last technique, when a pollen grain suspension was dropped on a microscope slide and circa 500 pollen grains were counted per sample. This analysis resulted in the recognition of monofloral and bifloral pollen batches, while the use of the first technique resulted in all samples receiving a heterofloral diagnosis.
The role of backstop shape during inversion tectonics physical models
Authors: Gomes Caroline J.S. , Danderfer Filho André , Posada Ana Maria A. , Silva Anielle C. da
Published: December 2010

The style of deformation of rocks from basin-infilling sequences in positively inverted natural basins was discussed upon the results of laboratory experiments carried out in sandboxes with sand packs laid down in the space between two wooden blocks. The space simulated stages of crustal extension leading to (1) a half graben due to extension above a listric extensional detachment, with the blocks simulating the footwall and hanging wall, or (2) a graben, with the blocks simulating the external margins that drifted apart above a horizontal detachment. Combinations of two different angles were used to simulate the dip of curved normal faults along the internal face of the wooden blocks. Backstops in the half graben had a convex up internal face. Backstops in the graben had a concave up internal face. Shortening as partitioned in forward and backward movements within the sand packs, and the kinematics of contraction was largely influenced by the convex or concave internal faces. A buttress effect characterized by rotation of the sand pack close to the footwall was stronger for footwall with steeper-dipping internal faces. The results were compared to other physical experiments and applied to an inverted basin found in nature.
Richards growth model and viability indicators for populations subject to interventions
Authors: Loibel Selene , Andrade Marinho G. , Val João B.R. do , Freitas Alfredo R. de
Published: December 2010

In this work we study the problem of modeling identification of a population employing a discrete dynamic model based on the Richards growth model. The population is subjected to interventions due to consumption, such as hunting or farming animals. The model identification allows us to estimate the probability or the average time for a population number to reach a certain level. The parameter inference for these models are obtained with the use of the likelihood profile technique as developed in this paper. The identification method here developed can be applied to evaluate the productivity of animal husbandry or to evaluate the risk of extinction of autochthon populations. It is applied to data of the Brazilian beef cattle herd population, and the the population number to reach a certain goal level is investigated.
Lesão de Morel-Lavallée no joelho: relato de caso
Authors: Pitrez Eduardo Hennemann , Pellanda Roberto Campos , Silva Mariana Eltz , Holz Gustavo Garcia , Hertz Felipe Teixeira , Hoefel Filho João Rubião
Published: December 2010

A lesão de Morel-Lavallée é uma lesão em cisalhamento que ocorre entre o tecido celular subcutâneo e a fáscia profunda. Caracteriza-se pela formação de uma coleção que, originalmente descrita na coxa, vem sendo observada em outros locais. Os autores relatam o caso de paciente com Morel-Lavallée no joelho e descrevem as principais características desta lesão.
Dispersão de sementes de uruvalheira (Platypodium elegans vog.) (Fabaceae) em um cerradão, Uberlândia-MG
Authors: Lopes Sérgio de Faria , Oliveira Ana Paula de , Neves Sharon Borges , Schiavini Ivan
Published: December 2010

Estudou-se a dispersão de sementes de cinco árvores-matriz de Platypodium elegans Vog. (Fabaceae) em área de cerradão, na Estação Ecológica do Panga (EEP). As amostragens foram feitas em parcelas de 0,25 m2, posicionadas em linhas partindo da base da matriz em direção aos quatro pontos cardeais (Norte, Sul, Leste e Oeste), marcadas a cada metro. No laboratório, os frutos foram abertos para análise da qualidade das sementes. Foram amostradas 1.131 sementes, das quais 18,4% estavam intactas e 81,6%, danificadas e provavelmente inviáveis para germinação. A dispersão das sementes sofreu influência da topografia do local das matrizes, das respostas fisiológicas e genéticas à pré-dispersão, bem como do possível direcionamento favorável do vento. Dessa forma, a atuação conjunta desses fatores funcionaria como facilitadores relevantes na formação do banco de sementes e moldaria a probabilidade de estabelecimento de novos indivíduos, tanto na área estudada quanto nas fisionomias adjacentes..
Atividade de três drogas antivirais sobre os herpesvírus bovino tipos 1, 2 e 5 em cultivo celular
Authors: Dezengrini Renata , Silva Sara C. da , Weiss Marcelo , Kreutz Luiz C , Weiblen Rudi , Flores Eduardo F
Published: December 2010

A atividade de três fármacos antivirais (Aciclovir [ACV], Ganciclovir [GCV] e Foscarnet [PFA]) foi testada in vitro frente aos herpesvírus bovino tipos 1 (BoHV-1), 2 (BoHV-2) e 5 (BoHV-5). Para isso, utilizou-se o teste de reducao de placas virais em cultivo celular, testando-se diferentes concentracoes dos farmacos frente a 100 doses infectantes para 50% dos cultivos celulares (DICC50) dos respectivos virus. Pelo teste de MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), verificou-se que concentracoes inferiores a 200ƒÊg/mL dos tres antivirais resultaram em indices de viabilidade de celulas MDBK e Hep2 superiores a 80%. Com base na concentracao citotoxica para 50% das celulas (CC50) e na concentracao dos farmacos efetiva para inibir em 50% o numero de placas virais (EC50), calculou-se o indice de seletividade (IS) dos antivirais para os tres herpesvirus. Assim, o ACV demonstrou ser moderadamente ativo frente ao BoHV-1 (EC50: 112,9ƒÊg/mL e IS: 4,5), ao BoHV-2 (EC50: 114,2 ƒÊg/mL e IS: 4,5) e BoHV-5 (EC50: 96,9ƒÊg/mL e IS: 5,3). O GCV apresentou atividade moderada frente ao BoHV-2 (EC50: 33,5ƒÊg/mL e IS: 16,6) e, em menor grau, contra o BoHV-5 (EC50: 123,2ƒÊg/mL e IS: 4,5), sendo ineficaz frente ao BoHV-1 (EC50: 335,8ƒÊg/mL e IS: 1,7). O PFA apresentou atividade antiviral mais pronunciada, sendo o unico farmaco que, na concentracao de 100ƒÊg/mL, inibiu completamente a producao de placas pelos tres virus testados. O PFA foi o mais efetivo in vitro frente ao BoHV-1 (EC50: 29,5ƒÊg/mL e IS: 42,2), ao BoHV-2 (EC50: 45,2ƒÊg/mL e IS: 27,6) e ao BoHV-5 (EC50: 7,8ƒÊg/mL e IS: 160,6). Portanto, os resultados obtidos indicam que o PFA pode se constituir em um candidato para terapia experimental de infeccoes pelos herpesvirus de bovinos in vivo.
A beleza no ritmo pseudo-dionisiano da processão/conversão
Authors: Afonso Filipa
Published: December 2010

No contexto da Metafísica Medieval, a «beleza» foi pensada como um conceito ambíguo: ora atribuído a Deus, ora atribuído ao Mundo. O propósito deste artigo é clarificar o sentido desta ambiguidade no âmbito da filosofia do Pseudo-Dionísio Areopagita. Se, portanto, o conceito de «beleza» é, em primeiro lugar, despojado do seu carácter sensível e mundano, para ser apropriado à natureza divina, ele é, num segundo momento, aposto à própria criação, de forma a designar a manifestação visível da beleza transcendente e o chamamento vital para a perscrutação teológica.
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Authors: Stegmaier Werner , Vilas Bôas João Paulo Simões
Published: December 2010

The following translation is a reduced and revised version of the paper Schicksal Nietzsche? Zu Nietzsches Selbsteinschätzung als Schicksal der Philosophie und der Menschheit (Ecce Homo, Warum ich ein Schicksal bin §1)" - originally published in Nietzsche-Studien 37 (2008) - which was specially prepared to be presented in lecture organized by the Grupo de Pesquisa Spinoza & Nietzsche (Spinoza & Nietzsche research group - SpiN), in the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro's Federal University), on September 14, 2009. In the text, the autor employs his own philological-hermeneutical methodology, which is called contextual interpretation, in the purpose to clarify the concepts of the first aphorism from "Why I am a destiny", from Ecce Homo, in its own context, in the context of Ecce Homo and in the context of the entire work from Nietzsche.