bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONHECIMENTO DE ARTESÃOS SOBRE AS PLANTAS UTILIZADAS NA PRODUÇÃO DE ARTEFATOS - RESERVA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL AMANÃ - AM
Authors: Leoni Juliana Menegassi , Marques Thatyana De Souza
Published: July 2018

The characterization of the different traditional knowledge held by riverine communities to manage natural resources is important to better subsidize appropriate species management strategies. This study sought to: i) describe aspects of family organization and the handicraft production of two resident artisan families of Amanã lake; ii) identify their areas of resource exploitation and verify the strategies for collecting non-timber forest products to produce artifacts; and finally iii) identify the plant species involved through botanical identification. To better assess the traditional knowledge we applied the participant observation technique through visiting and staying at the studied families homes. Our results show that the production of artifacts for sale is a family labor work. The main important species used by both families are: Philodendron fragrantissimum (“cipó-ambé” – a hemiepiphyte) for the production of paneiros (a basket used for carrying manioc); she uses Ischnosiphon arouma (“arumã duro” – another hemiepiphyte) for the production of sieves; and he uses Mezilaurus itauba (a hardwood species) for the production of paddles and cleaver handles.
AVALIAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO TRADICIONAL DOS PESCADORES DA RDSM APLICADO À IDENTIFICAÇÃO DO SEXO DE PIRARUCUS
Authors: Lopes Kelven , Queiroz Helder Lima de
Published: July 2018

This study examined the traditional knowledge of fishermen at Mamirauá Reserve about sex determination of pirarucus, Arapaima gigas Schinz 1822. We evaluated the criteria used for by fishermen in the sector Jarauá at Mamirauá Reserve for this determination, during the fisheries season, from October to November 2004. We analyzed responses of a group of about 15 fishermen collected in structured interviews regarding 109 individual pirarucus, 65 males and 44 females. From this sample, only 64 fish have their sex correctly predicted by the fishermen. Although the traditional knowledge of local fishermen is a key component of the sustainable fisheries of this species, this knowledge is not functional in all ranges and aspects, as in sex distinction. We found that the local fishermen evaluated are not able to recognize the sex of pirarucus, although some criteria applied for this purpose are consistent with their biology. The rates of correct forecasts for recognition of males and females were similar to those obtained by chance, even when the criteria applied were consistent, as the criterion “coloration”, which was significantly consistent for identification of males. Yet the group of fishermen interviewed in this study apparently did not apply this criterion correctly.
Usury and credit practices in the Middle Ages
Authors: Adamo Stefano , Alexander David , Fasiello Roberta
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a historical investigation of usury in the context of the development of credit activities. The definition of usury and the attitudes towards usury changed multiple times over the centuries. We focus on the 12th to the 14th centuries and the changes in the operating, economic, and reporting practices resulting from changes in the economy - from subsistence farming to sophisticated international trading. We analyse the relationship between the Church's usury prohibitions and the development of trading and credit. As a one-sentence summary of our conclusions, we can claim that during the 14th century, usury was radically condemned in theory, but despite this prohibition, the Church was not able to contain the spread and the development of credit, and merchants made operations charging interest in the substance of the operations while concealing the existence of interest in visible formal terms.
Le coordinazioni di gestione nella teoresi Zappiana e negli studi di Management da Porter a Davenport
Authors: Bogarelli Paolo
Published: July 2018

Il lavoro indaga le coordinazioni di gestione delle imprese operando un confronto fra le teorie economico-aziendali elaborate dalla scuola zappiana e gli studi di management dell'ultimo quindicennio del XX secolo. Per quanto riguarda gli studi di management, si concentra l'attenzione sulla Catena del Valore (Porter, 1985) e sulla gestione per processi (Davenport, 1993; Hammer e Champy, 1993), in quanto indagano le molteplici forme di complementarità e interdipendenza delle attività aziendali per elaborare conoscenze concretamente utili per la costruzione di un durevole vantaggio competitivo e, in ultima analisi, per il miglioramento dell'economicità aziendale. Attraverso il confronto fra le citate teorie di Management e quelle elaborate dalla scuola zappiana sui livelli di analisi della gestione si è pervenuti alle seguenti conclusioni. 1. Gli studi di management si sono progressivamente avvicinati all'unitarietà della gestione; principio cardine degli studi economico aziendali. 2. Le concettualizzazioni elaborate dagli Studiosi di Economia aziendale sulle coordinazioni di gestione sono tutt'ora valide e rappresentative della fenomenologia delle imprese
The Effect of the Size of Traffic Analysis Zones on the Quality of Transport Demand Forecasts and Travel Assignments
Authors: Altan Mehmet Fatih , Ayözen Yunus Emre
Published: July 2018

In this work we have studied the selection criteria for traffic analysis zones and the effects of their size and number on the model’s forecasting capabilities. To do so we have focused on the corridor of İstanbul’s Kadıköy-Kartal Metro Line and evaluated the consistency of demand forecasts and travel assignments versus actual measurements under different sizes of the Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ). Significant improvements in model accuracy were observed by decreasing the zone size. Specifically, studying the public transport network assignments for the metro line when increasing the number of traffic analysis zones from 540 to 1,788 the root mean square error (RMSE) of forecasted vs. actual station-based counts was reduced by 23%. Subsequently, the study used population density and employment density as independent variables for the determination of the optimal radius for the 1,788 zone area, and applied an exponential regression model. Appropriate model parameters were derived for the above case study. The regression model resulted in R2 values over 0.62.
Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Behavior of Track Elements in Contact-Impact Models
Authors: Zakeri Jabbar Ali , Tajalli Mosab Reza
Published: July 2018

Existence of short wave length irregularities and discontinuities in the rail, such as corrugation, isolated rail joints, crossings and rail breakage, result in impact forces and an increase in wheel-rail contact force. Extreme forces in such could result in non-linear behavior of ballast and pads, and as a result, employing common linear models mihgt over/under estimate contact forces. A 3D model of wheel and rail is developed in this paper, and by considering rail breakage, validity of linear models and considering non-linear behavior of materials are studied. Wheel-rail interactions are studied for two common pads with high stiffness (HDPE) and low stiffness (Studded) for speeds of 20 to 160 km/h. Three behavioral patterns are considered for the developed 3D model: linear pad and ballast (LP-LB), nonlinear pad and linear ballast (NLP, LB), and nonlinear pad and ballast (NLP, NLB), and results are compared. According to the results, for HDPE pads and impact forces of up to 30 tons, linear model for material could estimate acceptable results. Yet for studded pads, linear model estimates forces that are comparably less than those estimated by non-linear model. Moreover employing NLP-LB model overestimates pad and wheel-rail contact forces by a rather small margin, compared to those estimated by NLP-NLB model, and hence, could be a suitable replacement for it. It is also observed that in order to have a reliable estimate of ballast forces, using non-linear ballast models are mandatory, and neither LP-LB nor NLP-LB could be acceptable replacements.
Prescription Pattern In Hypertensive Patients In A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Roy Udoy Shankar , Khandaker Nazibur Rahman , Uddin Saleh , Khan Murshidur Rahman , Sarker Nihar Ranjan
Published: July 2018

Background: Irrational drug prescribing is a common practice globally; it results in increased morbidity, mortality & economic burden on society. Drug utilization studies are an important tool to promote rational prescribing.Aims & Objective: To study on drug prescribing pattern in hypertensive patients.Materials and Methods: A drug utilization study was conducted in hypertensive patients by the department of cardiology in OPD at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical college hospital for 6 months. 645 prescriptions were evaluated for prescribing pattern by using WHO drug use indicators.Results: 645 prescriptions were analyzed. A total of 1828 drugs were prescribed. 697 (38.13%) antihypertensive, 243 (13.30%) anti diabetics, 174 (9.52%) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 154 (8.44%) statins, 114 (6.24%) thyroid hormone, 54 (2.95%) anti-anxiety/ antidepressants and 392(21.44%) miscellaneous drugs were prescribed. 697 antihypertensive drugs were prescribed. 234 (33.57%) angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), 117 (16.79%) angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, 95 (13.63%) Beta blockers, 83 (11.91%) Calcium channel blockers 168 (24.10%) Fixed dose combinations (FDCs) of antihypertensive were included. 2.83 drugs were prescribed per prescription. 225 (32.28%) antihypertensive were prescribed from essential medicine list.Conclusion: Most commonly prescribed drugs were ARBs and ACE inhibitors. Rational prescribing requires consideration to dose and duration and interaction with other medications.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2016, Vol.8(2); 39-43
Glycemic Status and In-hospital Complications in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Hossain Md Amir , Hannan MA , Barua Ripon , Hossain Mohammed Shahadat , Ahmed Sharif Uddin , Sina Hashmi , Jahan Merina
Published: July 2018

Although on-admission high glycemic status in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients is associated with poor in-hospital outcome, the impact of on-admission different glycemic status in AIS is less clear. This prognostic cohort study was aimed to evaluate the association of on-admission high glycemic status with in-hospital complications of AIS patients. This study was conducted by measurement of random blood glucose (RBG) in 90 AIS patients within 24 hours of hospitalization. The patients were divided into three groups based on their RBG in mg/dl: Group A <120, Group B 120-180 and Group C >180. The average age was 59 years and 35.6% patients were diabetic. In AIS patients, higher RBG was associated with increased in-hospital complications regardless of a history of diabetes mellitus (p=0.047, 0.040, 0.003 and 0.015 for urinary tract infection, bed sore, electrolyte imbalance and mixed complications respectively). Optimal glucose targets in hospitalized patients with AIS are currently undetermined. Glycemic and nonglycemic interventions should be studied for their impact on in-hospital complications and cost.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2016, Vol.8(2); 44-48
Pregnancy Outcome between Booked and Unbooked Cases in A Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Adhikary Alpana , Begum Anwara , Joty Fahmida Sharmin , Sarker Nihar Ranjan , Akhter Tahmina
Published: July 2018

To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’2030) with regards to maternal health, there is need for research on the local causes and factors influencing adverse maternal & foetal outcomes in health institutions. Antenatal care throughout the pregnancy can ensure better feto-maternal outcome. It also contributed to reduction of maternal and infant mortality. This study was an attempt to enable health care providers to know where to focus to overcome adverse maternal outcome.Objectives: To find out the difference in maternal and perinatal outcome and socio-demographic characteristics in booked and unbooked cases. Design: A Cross-sectional observational study.Place of study :Department of Obststrics and Gynaeology , Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital.Study period: April’2015 to july’2015. Study population- All patients admitted for delivery and puerperium during study period.Results: Unbooked mothers constituted 39.1% of the 218 deliveries in the studied period. There was no mean age difference between booked mothers and unbooked mothers (26.05±5.5 and 25.44±5.4; P=0.667) .But unbooked cases had a lower educational status (P<0.0036). Majority of the unbooked cases were from low family income group. Unbooked mothers were about less likely to deliver by spontaneous vaginal delivery compared to booked mothers (28% to 39%; P<0.339) and more likely to be delivered by emergency caesarean section than booked mothers. Unbooked mothers were having low birth weight babies than booked mother (2.65±0.595 and 3.02±0.477, p<0.010). Referral to neonatal unit more common in unbooked cases (69.6% to 25.6%). Post partum complications in unbooked and booked cases were (44%and 20.5%).Conclusion: The study showed a positive correlation between socio –demographic factor and lack of proper antenatal care and adverse pregnancy outcome. Improving the availability and accessibility of quality antenatal and delivery care services in all our institutes will improve pregnancy outcome.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2017, Vol.9(2); 43-48
Gastric Outlet Obstruction by Trichobezoar, A Case Report
Authors: Akhter SM Quamrul , Reza Syed Masud , Ahmad Sami , Lima Ismat Jahan , Sony Fayeem Chowdhury , Gupta Amit Sen , Islam Md Shafiqul
Published: July 2018

A trichobezoar is a bezoar ( a mass found tapped in the gastrointestinal system) formed from the ingestion of hair. Trichobezoars are often associated with trichotillomania (compulsive hair pulling). Trichobezoars are rare, but can be fatal if undected1,2. Surgical intervention is often required. Gastric outlet obstruction (G.O.O) is one of the presenting complaints of trichobezoars in the stomach. Patients with this condition often have an underlying psychiatric illness & history may not be easily forthcoming. This condition mainly occurs in young female. We are presenting a case of gastric outlet obstruction in a young female of 25 years old. After taking history, clinical examination, necessary investigation it seemed to be a case of trichobezoar. Laparatomy done under general anaesthesia, then opened the stomach and found it was a case of trichobezoar.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2017, Vol.9(2); 85-87
Assurance on Corporate Governance Reports in Spain: Towards an Enhanced Accountability or a New Form of Public Relations?
Authors: Seguí-Mas Elies , Bollas-Araya Helena-María , Polo-Garrido Fernando
Published: July 2018

Financial scandals have highlighted the need for greater corporate transparency. Thus, corporate governance has emerged as an instrument for corporations to fulfil their social responsibility by offering more reliable information to their stakeholders. In this sense, the corporate governance report has become one of the leading mechanisms of business reporting to attend the growing need for reliable information by users. External and independent assurance of corporate governance reports is a tool to reduce potential risk derived from malpractices. However, within the Spanish context, there is a few number of listed companies who assure their corporate governance reports, and some of them have been shaken by corporate malpractices and financial scandals. This work tries to offer a critical appraisal of current corporate governance of assurance statements in Spain, developing a research strategy based on the case-study. Thus, by analysing assurance on corporate governance reports in three Spanish listed companies, we identify strengths and weaknesses of an unusual assurance process. Obviously, because of the recent scandals occurred in the analysed companies, we raise a particular concern about the potential managerial capture of this activity. Without real changes in governance mechanisms, the corporate governance assurance could amount to little more than a public relations activity.
Comparative Analysis of Heuristic Algorithms Used for Solving a Production and Maintenance Planning Problem (PMPP)
Authors: Guiras Zouhour , Hajej Zied , Rezg Nidhal , Dolgui Alexandre
Published: July 2018

In this work, we develop methods to assess the risk of profit–loss resulting from the choice of a computational method for solving a joint production and maintenance-planning problem. In fact, the optimal objective function is calculated via the use of algorithms and optimization methods. The use of these methods can have an impact on an event that can disrupt the optimal production and maintenance plan. To achieve our goals, we start with calculating the manufacturing system’s joint production and maintenance plans over a finite horizon using different methods. In the second part of the work, we propose analytical models to quantify the risk of profit–loss resulting from product returns and the integration of an imperfect maintenance policy. Numerical examples are conducted by adopting the different algorithms used. This study provides insights into the most efficient computational methods for the encountered problems. This research proposes new approaches to help and guide managers in the analysis and evaluation of their decisions.
Considerations for Atmospheric Measurements with Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Authors: Jacob Jamey D. , Chilson Phillip B. , Houston Adam L. , Smith Suzanne Weaver
Published: July 2018

This paper discusses results of the CLOUD-MAP (Collaboration Leading Operational UAS Development for Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics) project dedicated to developing, fielding, and evaluating integrated small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) for enhanced atmospheric physics measurements. The project team includes atmospheric scientists, meteorologists, engineers, computer scientists, geographers, and chemists necessary to evaluate the needs and develop the advanced sensing and imaging, robust autonomous navigation, enhanced data communication, and data management capabilities required to use sUAS in atmospheric physics. Annual integrated evaluation of the systems in coordinated field tests are being used to validate sensor performance while integrated into various sUAS platforms. This paper focuses on aspects related to atmospheric sampling of thermodynamic parameters with sUAS, specifically sensor integration and calibration/validation, particularly as it relates to boundary layer profiling. Validation of sensor output is performed by comparing measurements with known values, including instrumented towers, radiosondes, and other validated sUAS platforms. Experiments to determine the impact of sensor location and vehicle operation have been performed, with sensor aspiration a major factor. Measurements are robust provided that instrument packages are properly mounted in locations that provide adequate air flow and proper solar shielding.
Boninites in the ~3.3 Ga Holenarsipur Greenstone Belt, Western Dharwar Craton, India
Authors: Khanna Tarun C. , Sai V. V. Sesha , Jaffri S. H. , Krishna A. Keshav , Korakoppa M. M.
Published: July 2018

In this contribution, we present detailed field, petrography, mineral chemistry, and geochemistry of newly identified high-Si high-Mg metavolcanic rocks from the southern part of the ~3.3 Ga Holenarsipur greenstone belt in the western Dharwar craton, India. The rocks occur as conformable bands that were interleaved with the mafic-ultramafic units. The entire volcanic package exhibits uniform foliation pattern, and metamorphosed under greenschist to low grade amphibolite facies conditions. The rocks are extremely fine grained and exhibit relict primary igneous textures. They are composed of orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene phenocrysts with serpentine, talc, and amphibole (altered clinopyroxene). Cr-spinel, rutile, ilmenite, and apatite occur as disseminated minute grains in the groundmass. The mineralogical composition and the geochemical signatures comprising of high SiO2 (~53 wt. %), Mg# (~83), low TiO2 (~0.18 wt. %), and higher than chondritic Al2O3/TiO2 ratio (~26), reversely fractionated heavy rare earth elements (REE) (GdN/YbN ~ 0.8), resulting in concave-up patterns, and positive Zr anomaly, typically resembled with the Phanerozoic boninites. Depletion in the high field strength elements Nb, and Ti relative to Th and the REE in a primitive mantle normalized trace element variation diagram, cannot account for contamination by pre-existing Mesoarchean continental crust present in the study area. The trace element attributes instead suggest an intraoceanic subduction-related tectonic setting for the genesis of these rocks. Accordingly, the Holenarsipur high-Si high-Mg metavolcanic rocks have been identified as boninites. It importantly indicates that the geodynamic process involved in the generation of Archean boninites, was perhaps not significantly different from the widely recognized two-stage melt generation process that produced the Phanerozoic boninites, and hence provides compelling evidence for the onset of Phanerozoic type plate tectonic processes by at least ~3.3 Ga, in the Earth’s evolutionary history.
Differences in Falls between Older Adult Participants in Group Exercise and Those Who Exercise Alone: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) Data
Authors: Hayashi Takahiro , Kondo Katsunori , Kanamori Satoru , Tsuji Taishi , Saito Masashige , Ochi Akira , Ota Susumu
Published: July 2018

This study examined the difference in falls between older adults who participated in group exercise and those who exercised alone. We used cross-sectional data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Data were obtained from functionally independent residents aged 65 years or older across 30 municipalities in Japan (n = 19,257). Logistic regression analysis was performed with experience of multiple falls over the past year as the dependent variable and type of exercise as the independent variable. Respondents were divided into three groups according to how they performed exercise: (1) non-exercisers (NE, no exercise), (2) those who only exercised alone (IE, individual exercise), and (3) those whose exercise included participation in group exercise (GE, group exercise). In total, 887 (4.6%) respondents reported multiple falls. After adjustment for 10 possible confounders, the GE group had an odds ratio (OR) for falls of 0.75 (95% confidence intervals 0.60–0.95) compared with the IE group. After adjustment for physiological factors and a psychological factor, the OR for the GE group increased slightly; however, an association between falls and exercise type was indicated. Older adults who participate in group exercise may receive additional benefits related to falls prevention compared with those who exercise alone.
Effects of Railway Elevation, Operation of a New Station, and Earthquakes on Railway Noise Annoyance in Kumamoto, Japan
Authors: Murakami Yasuhiro , Yano Takashi , Morinaga Makoto , Yokoshima Shigenori
Published: July 2018

This study investigated the effects of railway elevation, operation of a new station, and earthquakes on railway noise annoyance in two areas along a conventional railway line (CRL) adjacent to the Kyushu Shinkansen line: the north area with the CRL elevation and the south area with the operation of the new station, both of which occurred in March 2016. In April 2016, Kumamoto region was struck by a series of large earthquakes, prompting their inclusion in this study, as frequent aftershocks with loud ground rumbling might make people more sensitive to railway noise and vibration. Socioacoustic surveys were performed in both areas before and after the earthquakes. Because very few respondents in the north area reported that they were “highly annoyed,” further analysis was conducted on data from the south area. The exposure–annoyance relationship was found to be significantly higher in 2017 than in 2011 despite lower noise exposure. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that Lden, noise sensitivity, and serious damage by the earthquakes in addition to the operation of the new station significantly affected the annoyance in both detached and apartment houses. However, when the earthquakes caused minimal damage, they did not significantly affect annoyance.
Hybrid Top-Down/Bottom-Up Fabrication of a Highly Uniform and Organized Faceted AlN Nanorod Scaffold
Authors: Coulon Pierre-Marie , Kusch Gunnar , Fletcher Philip , Chausse Pierre , Martin Robert W. , Shields Philip A.
Published: July 2018

As a route to the formation of regular arrays of AlN nanorods, in contrast to other III-V materials, the use of selective area growth via metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) has so far not been successful. Therefore, in this work we report the fabrication of a highly uniform and ordered AlN nanorod scaffold using an alternative hybrid top-down etching and bottom-up regrowth approach. The nanorods are created across a full 2-inch AlN template by combining Displacement Talbot Lithography and lift-off to create a Ni nanodot mask, followed by chlorine-based dry etching. Additional KOH-based wet etching is used to tune the morphology and the diameter of the nanorods. The resulting smooth and straight morphology of the nanorods after the two-step dry-wet etching process is used as a template to recover the AlN facets of the nanorods via MOVPE regrowth. The facet recovery is performed for various growth times to investigate the growth mechanism and the change in morphology of the AlN nanorods. Structural characterization highlights, first, an efficient dislocation filtering resulting from the ~130 nm diameter nanorods achieved after the two-step dry-wet etching process, and second, a dislocation bending induced by the AlN facet regrowth. A strong AlN near band edge emission is observed from the nanorods both before and after regrowth. The achievement of a highly uniform and organized faceted AlN nanorod scaffold having smooth and straight non-polar facets and improved structural and optical quality is a major stepping stone toward the fabrication of deep UV core-shell-based AlN or AlxGa1-xN templates.
A Triton X-100-Based Microemulsion for the Removal of Hydrophobic Materials from Works of Art: SAXS Characterization and Application
Authors: Baglioni Michele , Poggi Giovanna , Ciolli Giulia , Fratini Emiliano , Giorgi Rodorico , Baglioni Piero
Published: July 2018

The removal of hydrophobic materials from a porous support, such as wax stains on wall paintings, is particularly challenging. In this context, traditional methods display several drawbacks. The limitations of these methods can be overcome by amphiphile-based aqueous nanostructured fluids, such as micellar solutions and microemulsions. In this study, a microemulsion for the removal of wax spots from artistic surfaces was formulated. The nanostructured fluid includes a non-ionic surfactant, i.e., Triton X-100, and two apolar solvents, namely p-xylene and n-nonane. The solvents were selected on the basis of solubility tests of three waxes in several organic solvents. The nanostructured fluid was characterized by means of small-angle X-rays scattering (SAXS) and the information about micelle structure was used to understand the interaction between the microemulsion and the selected waxes. The microemulsion was then tested during the restoration of the frescoes in the Major Chapel of the Santa Croce Basilica in Florence, Italy. After some preliminary tests on fresco mockups reproduced in the laboratory, the nanostructured fluid was successfully used to clean some wax deposits from the real paintings, hardly removable with traditional physico-mechanical methods.
Fatigue Performance of Different Thickness Structure Combinations of Hot Mix Asphalt and Cement Emulsified Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Wang Zhenjun , Cai Linlin , Wang Xiaofeng , Xu Chuang , Yang Bo , Xiao Jingjing
Published: July 2018

Cement emulsified asphalt mixture (CEAM) is widely used in asphalt pavement for its environmental virtues. However, a CEAM layer can influence fatigue performance of asphalt pavement because of higher air voids of CEAM in contrast to hot mix asphalt (HMA). Therefore, it is common to use HMA and CEAM structure combinations for improving the fatigue performance. In this work, three different thickness structure combinations of HMA (AC-10) and CEAM (AC-16) were designed, in which HMA and CEAM were used as top layer and bottom layer, respectively. The fatigue performance of the three combinations was studied. The fatigue equations of the combinations were established and the rational combination was recommended. The distributions of the internal voids in the combinations were studied with X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT); and the correlation between the fatigue life and the void ratios were analyzed. Artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to predict the fatigue life of each combination. The results show that the fatigue life of the combinations is inversely proportional to the stress ratio level and environment temperature. The optimal combination is the structure with 40 mm HMA and 40 mm CEAM. The internal void ratio of CEAM is higher than that of HMA. A thinner HMA and thicker CEAM structure can result in higher void ratios and lower fatigue life of the combinations. The prediction results of ANN are similar to the experimental results. The obtained results can potentially guide the design of cement emulsified asphalt pavement structures.
Predictive Simulation of Plastic Processing of Welded Stainless Steel Pipes
Authors: Rufini Riccardo , Di Pietro Orlando , Di Schino Andrea
Published: July 2018

Metal forming is the most used technique to manufacture complex geometry pieces in the most efficient way, and the technological progress related to the various application fields requires increasingly higher quality standards. In order to achieve such a requirement, people are forced to perform quality and compliance tests finalized to guarantee that these standards are met; this often implies a waste of material and economic resources. In the case of welded stainless steel pipes, several critical points affecting the general trend of subsequent machining need to be taken into account. In this framework, the aim of the paper is to study the effects of different process parameters and geometrical characteristics on various members of the stainless steel family during finite elements method (FEM) simulations. The analysis of the simulation outputs, such as stress, strain, and thickness, is reported through mappings, in order to evaluate their variation, caused by the variation of the simulation input parameters. The feasibility of the simulated process is evaluated through the use of forming limit diagrams (FLD). An experimental validation of the model is performed by comparison with real cases. Major parameters that mainly guide the outcome of the simulations are highlighted.
REE and Y Mineralogy of the Krudum Granite Body (Saxothuringian Zone)
Authors: René Miloš
Published: July 2018

The Krudum granite body comprises highly fractionated granitic rocks ranging from medium-F biotite granites to high-F, high-P2O5 Li-mica granites. This unique assemblage is an ideal site to continue recent efforts in petrology to characterize the role of zircon, monazite, and xenotime as hosts to rare earth elements (REEs). The granitic rocks of the Krudum body analyzed in this study were found to contain variable concentrations of monazite and zircon, while xenotime was only found in the high-F, high-P2O5 Li-mica granites and in the alkali-feldspar syenites of the Vysoký Kámen stock. Intermediate trends between cheralite and huttonite substitutions are characteristic for analyzed monazite grains from all magmatic suites. The highest concentration of cheralite was found in monazite from the alkali-feldspar syenites (up to 69.3 mol %). The proportion of YPO4 in analyzed xenotime grains ranges from 71 to 84 mol %. Xenotime grains are commonly enriched in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs; 9.3–19.5 wt % HREE2O3) and thorite-coffinite and cheralite exchange was observed. Some xenotime analyses return low totals, suggesting their hydration during post-magmatic alterations. Analyzed zircon from granite suites of the Krudum granite body contains moderate Hf concentrations (1.0–4.7 wt % HfO2; 0.010–0.047 apfu Hf). The highest concentrations of HfO2 were found in zircon from the high-F, high-P2O5 Li-mica granites (1.2–4.7 wt % HfO2). Analyzed zircon grains from the high-F, high-P2O5 Li-mica granites and alkali-feldspar syenites are enriched in P (up to 8.29 wt % P2O5; 0.24 apfu P), Al (0.02–2.0 wt % Al2O3; 0.00–0.08 apfu Al), Ca (up to 3.9 wt % CaO; 0.14 apfu Ca), Y (up to 5.5 wt % Y2O3; 0.10 apfu Y), and Sc (up to 1.17 wt % Sc2O3; 0.03 apfu Sc). Zircon grains from the high-F, high-P2O5 Li-mica granites were sometimes hydrated and fluorized. The concentrations of F in zircon from partly greisenised high-F, high-P2O5 Li-mica granites reached up to 1.2 wt % (0.26 apfu F).
Distribution and Chemical Speciation of Molybdenum in River and Pond Sediments Affected by Mining Activity in Erdenet City, Mongolia
Authors: Solongo Tsetsgee , Fukushi Keisuke , Altansukh Ochir , Takahashi Yoshio , Akehi Akitoshi , Baasansuren Gankhurel , Ariuntungalag Yunden , Enkhjin Odgerel , Davaajargal Boldbaatar , Davaadorj Davaasuren , Hasebe Noriko
Published: July 2018

Rivers and ponds near the Erdenet mine, one of the world’s largest copper-molybdenum mines, exhibit high concentrations of molybdenum (Mo). This study evaluates the distribution and chemical speciation of Mo in surface sediments from ponds and rivers in Erdenet city to elucidate the mobility and solubility of Mo in the surface aquatic environments in the area. The waters and sediments were collected in two shallow ponds connected to the tailing pond and from three rivers flowing through Erdenet city. The distribution and chemical speciation of Mo in the sediments were examined using five-step sequential extraction and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analyses. The XAFS spectra of the sediments showed that large amounts of Mo in the sediments are molybdate or polymeric molybdate, weakly adsorbed onto ferrihydrite. Sequential extraction consistently showed a large amount of Mo distributed in the labile fractions. Results suggest that the surface sediments from ponds and rivers play a role as secondary contamination sources of Mo rather than as sinks of Mo in the area.
Development of Dermal Films Containing Miconazole Nitrate
Authors: Bîrsan Magdalena , Apostu Mihai , Todoran Nicoleta , Antonoaea Paula , Rusu Aura , Ciurba Adriana
Published: July 2018

This study aims to develop new antifungal dermal films based on their mechanical properties (elongation, adhesion, behaviour towards vapour moisture) and the in vitro availability of miconazole nitrate, used as a pharmaceutical active ingredient in various concentrations. The three polymeric films prepared were translucent or shiny, with the surface of 63.585 cm2, 0.20–0.30 mm thickness, and content of miconazole nitrate of 3.931 or 15.726 mg·cm2. The mechanical resistance and elongation tests demonstrated that the two films based on hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) polymer were more elastic than the one prepared with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). The vapour water absorption and vapour water loss capacity of the films revealed that the HPMC film did not dry very well in the process of preparation by the evaporation of the solvent technique, unlike the HEC films that jellified more evenly in water and had higher drying capacity at 40 °C. The in vitro availability of miconazole nitrate from dermal films was evaluated using the Franz diffusion cell method, through a synthetic membrane (Ø 25 mm × 0.45 µm) and acceptor media with pH 7.4 (phosphate buffer and sodium lauryl sulphate 0.045%), resulting a release rate of up to 70%.
The Chemical Composition and Functional Properties of Essential Oils from Four Species of Schisandra Growing Wild in the Qinling Mountains, China
Authors: Wang Xiaorui , Liu Yan , Niu Yuanyuan , Wang Nongxue , Gu Wei
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and functional properties of the essential oils from the plants Schisandra grandiflora (Wall.) Hook. f. et Thoms, Schisandra rubriflora (Franch). Rehd. et Wils., Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils., and Schisandra propinqua (Wall.) Baill var. sinensis Oliv. collected in the Qinling Mountains. Under the optimum conditions of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, the extraction yields were 7.51% (S. grandiflora), 6.91% (S. rubriflora), 6.11% (S. sphenanthera), and 5.88% (S. propinqua). A total of 86 components were identified from four species of Schisandra and 16 components were shared among the essential oils of all samples with different contents. However, some components were identified only in a certain plant, for example, β-caryophyllen (S. grandiflora), α-bulnesene (S. rubriflora), and α-Chamigrene (S. propinqua). Terpenoids (sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes), accounting for 73.87–82.08% of the total compounds, were the main components. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activities of the essential oils were evaluated through three free radical scavenging assays and a reducing power assay, which were related to the contents of the individual bioactive composition. These results provide a phytochemical foundation for the use of four species, and for the further study of the identification of Schisandra species.
Study on the Performance of Nano-Titanium Nitride-Coated Stainless Steel Electrodes in Electro-Fenton Systems
Authors: Wang Yita , Lin Youchen
Published: July 2018

The electro-Fenton (EF) process is a type of electrochemical oxidation process; ·OH radicals are generated on the cathode using electricity and decolorize dye wastewaters. Most studies on EF systems in the past have focused on the operating parameters of this process. In recent years, the influence of electrode performance on the EF process has begun to receive more attention. In this study, direct nitridation was used to prepare titanium nitride powders, which were thereafter coated on an SUS304 stainless steel substrate. The performance of this system in the treatment of rhodamine B dye wastewaters via the EF process was investigated. The experimental methods used in this work include: (1) scanning electron microscopy (SEM); (2) X-ray diffraction (XRD); (3) electrochemical Tafel curves; (4) linear sweep voltammetry (LSV); (5) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). It was shown that high-purity TiN can be formed at nitriding temperatures above 900 °C, and the strength of the (111) crystal plane increases with the increase in nitriding temperature; the TiN coating effectively activates the reactive surface of the electrode owing to its porous structure. In terms of corrosion resistance, the corrosion potential and corrosion current of the TiN 1000 °C/SUS304 electrode were 116.94 mV and 205 nA/cm2, respectively, and the coating had a coating porosity of 0.89 × 10−7. As compared with SUS304 stainless steel, the TiN 1000 °C/SUS304 composite electrode had a significantly greater degree of corrosion resistance and exhibited higher redox activity in LSV tests. This composite electrode could achieve a decolorization rate of 49.86% after 30 min, and 94.46% after 120 min. In summary, the TiN 1000 °C/SUS304 composite electrode is very stable and has excellent decolorization efficacy in the EF process. Our findings will serve as a useful reference for future studies on EF electrodes.
Socioeconomic Indicators of Bamboo Use for Agroforestry Development in the Dry Semi-Deciduous Forest Zone of Ghana
Authors: Akoto Daniel S. , Denich Manfred , Partey Samuel T. , Frith Oliver , Kwaku Michael , Mensah Alex A. , Borgemeister Christian
Published: July 2018

Bamboo agroforestry is currently being promoted in Ghana as a viable land use option to reduce dependence on natural forest for wood fuels. To align the design and introduction of bamboo agroforestry to the needs of farmers, information on the determinants of bamboo acceptability and adoption is necessary. It is, therefore, the aim of this study to determine how socioeconomic factors, local farming practices and local knowledge on bamboo may influence its acceptability and adoption as a component of local farming systems. Data were collected from 200 farmers in the dry semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana using semi-structured questionnaire interviews. The results show that farmers’ traditional knowledge on bamboo including its use for charcoal production and leaves for fodder are influential determinants of bamboo adoption. Among the demographic characteristics of farmers, age and gender are the most significant predictors. It is also evident that the regular practice of leaving trees on farmlands and type of cropping system may influence bamboo integration into traditional farming systems.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Thermal Stratification Outside a Small SMR Containment Vessel
Authors: Albadawi Gasim , Wang Shengfei , Cao Xingdi
Published: July 2018

A Small Modular Reactor’s (SMR) containment vessel (CNV) is submerged in the reactor cooling pool, which supplies a passive heat sink for containment to remove heat during Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA). The heat transfer efficiency of passive safety systems is affected by thermal stratification processes. This study aims to explain the phenomenon of thermal stratification in SMR’s reactor pool. A small scaled containment vessel with an electric heater inside immersed in a pool of water was used to simulate this phenomenon. The results show how the thermal stratification formed. Moreover, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was built using ANSYS FLUENT. Experimental data were compared with simulation results, and the standard k-ε model was found to be suitable for calculating thermal stratification in the pool outside the containment.
Serological Cross-Reactivity among Orientia tsutsugamushi Serotypes but Not with Rickettsia japonica in Japan
Authors: Sando Eiichiro , Ariyoshi Koya , Fujita Hiromi
Published: July 2018

The rickettsial diseases Japanese spotted fever (JSF) and scrub typhus (ST) are caused by Rickettsia japonica and Orientia tsutsugamushi, respectively. The diseases share clinical symptoms, such as fever, rash, and eschar. However, there are no systematical investigations of the serological cross-reactivity between R. japonica and O. tsutsugamushi. Also, the serological cross-reactivity among O. tsutsugamushi serotypes is still unclear. We analyzed 1406 cases tested by indirect immunoperoxidase assay using seven rickettsial antigens—one R. japonica and six O. tsutsugamushi serotypes—between 2003 and 2016 at two reference centers in Japan. Of these, 167 JSF and 190 ST cases were serologically diagnosed. None of the ST cases had a significant increase in IgM titers against R. japonica. Six JSF cases showed IgG titers of ≥40 against O. tsutsugamushi, but no IgG titer showed a significant elevation in the convalescent phase sample. We observed a substantial degree of cross-reactivity between O. tsutsugamushi serotypes. Cross-reactivity was significant among Karp, Hirano/Kuroki, and Kato types and between Gilliam and Irie/Kawasaki types in IgM, while the Shimokoshi type was less cross-reactive than the others. In conclusion, there is no serological cross-reaction between R. japonica and O. tsutsugamushi. The cross-reactivity among O.tsutsugamushi varies depending on serotypes.
Une mise en tourisme du patrimoine religieux : Le cycle d’expositions Las Edades del Hombre
Authors: Cerezales Nathalie
Published: July 2018

The exhibition cycle Las Edades del Hombre in Castilla y Leon region has been a great success for twenty-five years. A member of the local clergy took the initiative to create these exhibitions with the support of the regional autonomous government. Far from the greatest museums of the country, this project exhibits local churches cultural and religious heritage in religious buildings transformed into ephemeral museums. Through their scenography, these exhibitions invite visitors to reconnect with their Christian roots and revive the collective memory of the regional identity, while teaching religious precepts. Besides, as the project is itinerant, it helps the cities where the event takes place to develop their tourist ressources. This article examines how this particular use of religious works of art creates a new set of identity values through the touristification process.
Politiques patrimoniales et touristiques des territoires : Les centres d’interprétation de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine
Authors: Navarro Nicolas
Published: July 2018

Intégrés aux labellisations Villes et Pays d’art et d’histoire, les centres d’interprétation de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine (Ciap) sont devenus un élément phare de cette politique. Ils se donnent pour objectif de proposer une présentation, une «interprétation » d’un territoire aux publics cibles du label que sont les habitants et les touristes. Pourtant la mise en oeuvre d’un tel équipement s’avère difficile. Son champ d’action se positionnant à l’interface des politiques culturelles, urbanistiques et touristiques locales, il occupe une place souvent perçue comme à la limite de l’office de tourisme et du musée. Le concept de « centre d’interprétation » lui confère une légitimité. La position centrale accordée au visiteur permet de faire de cet espace un lieu de débat semblable au musée-forum et un outil de réflexivité envers le patrimoine.
Voir et se voir : Le rôle des écrans dans les festivals de musique amplifiée
Authors: Leveratto Jean-Marc , Pourquier-Jacquin Stéphanie , Roth Raphaël
Published: July 2018

S’appuyant sur une série d’observations réalisées dans le cadre du Festival des Vieilles Charrues et des Transmusicales de Rennes, cet article se propose d’étudier le rôle que jouent les écrans domestiques, professionnels et personnels dans la construction de l’expérience festivalière contemporaine. Les dispositifs numériques permettant aux festivals de musique amplifiée d’augmenter leur efficacité esthétique locale et leur visibilité nationale, ils sont également des outils de médiation entre les spectateurs et des moyens d’équiper leur expertise de consommateur en tant que vecteurs de transmission, de partage et de conservation de l’expérience de festivalier.
Hopper 2013/Cannes 2013 au prisme des écritures numériques
Authors: Ethis Emmanuel , Poli Marie-Sylvie
Published: July 2018

Major cultural events have now a growing visibility on the internet and social media. Digital technology magnifies the space-time spectrum of the event, while allowing users to participate with more immediate effect. Choosing two major and widely renowned events : the Edward Hopper exhibition in Paris and The Cannes Movie Festival in the same year of 2013 was a mean of exploring communication only digital technology can provide. Thus, scrutinizing a variety of digital writing was a way to decipher the constraints of the institutional image and of the digital tool itself. Twitter, for that matter is constrained to open participation. Reinforced via space and new forms of trivialities lies an institutional, critical as well as public participatory for writing, which reinforces the appropriation of the social existence of cultural forms, until then restricted space and timewise as well as the methods by which the mediation forms of culture create and recreate.