bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Municipal and local power in portuguese classical literature
Authors: Silva Márcia da , Mota Francisco Lima
Published: February 2019

Em Portugal, o município e suas escalas de controle administrativo e territorial são o produto de um processo consolidado ao longo dos séculos. No entanto, a formação do mesmo ainda é controversa em termos legislativos, como apontado na reformulação da Lei 11-A, de 2013, que estabeleceu a agregação de freguesias, redimensionando suas funções. Este artigo aborda os termos município e municipalidade como conceitos, bem como suas práticas político-administrativas estabelecidas em um determinado território e que permitem sua reconstituição como produto de coesão social ou conflito de interesses. O referencial teórico fundamenta-se na literatura clássica portuguesa e seus principais estudiosos: Henriques Nogueira, Alexandre Herculano e Marcelo Caetano. Para esses, a história de Portugal, desde suas origens, está diretamente ligada à instituição do município, como contemplado neste artigo.
A expansão urbana, o mercado imobiliário e a proliferação dos enclaves residências horizontais no bairro Colônia do Marçal, em São João del-Rei (MG)
Authors: Silva Jeziel Silveira , Toledo Marcio Roberto
Published: February 2019

A partir de meados dos anos 2000, vem aumentando o número de condomínios horizontais fechados na paisagem urbana, tanto nas grandes quanto nas pequenas cidades. Este artigo analisa o surgimento e consolidação de enclaves fechados, no município de São João del-Rei (MG), através da análise de sua proliferação no sentido norte-nordeste da cidade, no bairro Colônia do Marçal. Além disso, como objetivos específicos, analisa a atuação dos agentes envolvidos, como os donos de terras ou incorporadores do setor imobiliário para a propagação deste modelo de habitação, além de fatores como medo, violência e natureza, que são as principais causas da busca por estes enclaves, principalmente pela classe média e alta. Para a execução da pesquisa, foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos e aplicados questionários para a população residente nesse tipo de habitação, o que permitiu avaliar questões econômicas e de caráter social, que visavam caracterizar e identificar as causas da busca por esse tipo de moradia, a relação entre sua expansão e a ação dos agentes envolvidos, assim como as consequências acarretadas por esse modo de habitar na cidade.
The Impact of Traditional Direct Marketing on Creating Brand Awareness: Case Study on IKEA in Jordan
Authors: Ahmad El Dameh Yousef , AL Ghadeer Hamad
Published: February 2019

This study aims to examine the impact of traditional direct marketing represented by flyer, catalog and direct mail on creating brand awareness for the IKEA group in Jordan. Analytical methodologies were used to conduct this quantitative study. The needed data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to (506) respondents from Jordanian customers in the city of Amman. Data was analyzed by SPSS. Descriptive and analytical analysis were conducted using Cronbach’s alpha, ANova multiple and simple regression.

The main findings of the study indicate that IKEA group uses the direct marketing tools successfully, disseminates its brand’s catalogs and direct mail, these marketing tools achieved brand awareness in the customers’ minds, where the flyers occupied the first rank followed by catalogs and direct mail respectively. It is recommended that Jordanian companies turn from mass marketing to direct marketing.
Extended Poisson Inverse Weibull Distribution: Theoretical and Computational Aspects
Authors: Al-mualim Saeed
Published: February 2019

A new extension of the Poisson Inverse Weibull distribution is derived and studied in details. Number of structural mathematical properties are derived. We used the well-known maximum likelihood method for estimating the model parameters. The new model is applied for modeling some real data sets to prove its importance and flexibility empirically.
Effect of Some Oxygenates on the Opacity Level of a DI Diesel Engine with and without DPF
Authors: Yamin Jehad A. A. , Hijazi Mohammad Samih , Hamdan Mohammad A.
Published: February 2019

Toyota car fitted with smoke meter to measure the opacity in the exhaust was used. Five different types of oxygenates were used with the concentration of each one varied between 5 to 20% by volume at an increment of 5%.

The results show a significant reduction in the opacity of the exhaust products. A maximum of 70% reduction was achieved when 15% ethanol was added at 3000 RPM, and 62% reduction when 20% methanol was added at same speed. As for Dimethoxy Ethane (DMET), a maximum reduction of 30% was achieved at 3000 RPM and that of Tri-propylene glycol methyl ether (TPGME) was 27.3% at same speed. Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME) did not show encouraging results as a maximum reduction of 10.3% was achieved at 2000 RPM with 5% of DGME. Further, it was found that the reduction in the opacity level was less significant when the filter was used. This, perhaps, is due to the nature of the DPF used.
Comparative treatment costs for patients with acute myocardial infarction between Finland and Norway
Authors: Iversen Tor , Häkkinen Unto
Published: February 2019

Previous studies on patients with acute myocardial infarction have found that Finland has higher hospital costs per patient than Norway for the first hospital episode (HEP), while Norway has higher costs   during the first year after the initial admission. In this paper, we analyze the variation in treatment costs between Finland and Norway in detail by introducing novel explanatory variables. We find that the distance from the patient’s home to the hospital increases hospital costs at a declining scale and one-year hospital costs are higher for low-income patients. The higher one-year hospital costs in Norway are accompanied by a comparatively lower mortality rate. While for HEP, the introduction of new explanatory variables does not explain the greater costs in Finland compared with Norway, for one-year costs, the additional variables explain the greater one-year costs in Norway compared to Finland.Published: Online January 2019. In print January 2019.
Editorial: Nordic health system performance comparison
Authors: Häkkinen Unto , Iversen Tor , Ljungvall Åsa
Published: February 2019

Published: January 2019.
Editorial
Authors: Steen Carlsson Katarina
Published: February 2019

Published: December 2018
Prospekthaftung und Allokationseffizienz
Authors: Biermann Jan
Published: February 2019

Economic analyses are of particular contemporary relevance in the field of capital market regulation. Examining the economic effects of legal rules is now understood as a major prerequisite for the development of modern capital market regulations. This thesis examines issuer liability under German law, drawing from the fields of law and economics. Its focus is the impact of existing legal rules on the efficient allocation of investment capital on the capital market. With this approach, the thesis reveals new insights into existing laws and proposes future policy changes. This research will be of interest to lawyers, scholars and policy makers alike.
High-Impact Solutions for Struggling Mathematics Students
Authors: Ptak Karine S.
Published: February 2019

To maximize classroom time spent on practice and concept attainment, a teaching team discarded traditional warm-up activities and homework assignments.
A educação projetual no Design de Moda: diretrizes pedagógicas
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Sanches Maria Celeste de Fatima
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo apresenta um panorama multifocal de inferências que podem auxiliar o ensino/aprendizagem de projeto na formação de designers de moda. Para isso, toma como arcabouço os resultados de uma pesquisa de doutoramento, construídos e validados no ambiente educacional do Curso de Design de Moda da Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Sintetiza inferências provenientes de levantamentos bibliográficos, análises documentais e investigação-ação em campo, para apresentar o recorte que trata dos posicionamentos pedagógicos para a gestão sistêmica das práticas projetuais em classe. O resultado destas práticas pedagógicas integradoras, sob os parâmetros teóricos dos campos do design, da comunicação e da educação, confirma a diretriz da “aprendizagem significativa” como veículo para o desenvolvimento do pensamento projetual autônomo e consciente.
A inclusão da pessoa com deficiência visual no ensino superior: Design de Moda e o Método SEE BEYOND
Authors:   UNIVERSIDADE ANHEMBI MORUMBI, Lima Júnior Geraldo Coelho
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo apresenta o Método SEE BEYOND a partir de uma abordagem em que é tratada a Inclusão da pessoa com deficiência visual nos bacharelados de design de moda. Para tanto fundamenta-se, inicialmente, nas ações governamentais que visam promover a inserção da pessoa com deficiência na sociedade e, mais especificamente no ensino superior. Paralelamente, com o propósito de evidenciar as lacunas e barreiras que dificultam o acesso do grupo apontado ao referido curso a pesquisa traz a contexto uma revisão bibliográfica acerca do ingresso desses estudantes no ensino superior. Identificam-se as necessidades para o desenvolvimento de um método que promova a acessibilidade de estudantes à educação na área do design de moda, o que inclui o desenvolvimento de material didático pedagógico acessível como parte integrante do método desenvolvido. São também mostrados os resultados obtidos após o desenvolvimento do método e sua aplicação junto a estudantes com e sem deficiência visual, considerados em grupos específicos.
A Concepção da Forma no Processo Projetual de Design: uma ação pedagógica coletiva
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Souza Patrícia de Mello , Silva Maria Antônia Romão da
Published: February 2019

O artigo aborda uma ação pedagógica coletiva que integra três unidades curriculares – Metodologia do Projeto, Composição e Laboratório da Forma – cuja vivência promove a integração de processos de criação em expressões bi e tridimensionais, facilitados pela aplicação de ferramentas projetuais. A ação realiza-se em contextos específicos de aprendizagem direcionados a promover a autorregulação por meio do uso de estratégias, uma vez que esta, quando aliada ao pensamento criativo, é capaz de suscitar a prática reflexiva, a habilidade de gestão e a tomada de decisões ao longo do ato projetivo. A proposta interdisciplinar desenvolve-se em meio ao projeto da cobertura vestível para o corpo, composta por módulos planos ressignificados pela tridimensionalidade, tendo como referência o estudo morfológico e estrutural da laranja. Na prática pedagógica, norteada para promover a postura ativa dos discentes, a experimentação constitui-se no instrumento condutor do processo, de modo a favorecer a percepção, a construção e desconstrução da forma e a investigação das possibilidades compositivas de estruturas e mecanismos. Ao término da atividade, os alunos avaliam individualmente o próprio processo projetual, refletindo sobre o planejamento e a totalidade dos procedimentos adotados. Comprova-se que o envolvimento e o comprometimento dos sujeitos no processo de aprendizagem colaboram para a promoção da autorregulação, a qual conduz o aprendiz ao verdadeiro ato de aprender a aprender, efetivando-se a construção autônoma do conhecimento. Ademais, atesta-se a potencialidade da inovação na geração de soluções de produtos a partir da transformação do plano.
Influence of the prooxidant nature on the evolution of formaldehyde from oxo-degradable polyethylene
Authors: Korchagin V.I. , Surkova A.M. , Studenikina L.N. , Protasov A.V.
Published: February 2019

In the article methods of oxo-destruction of polyethylene modified with pro-oxidants of various nature are considered, taking into account ecotoxicological aspects. A comparative evaluation of the indices of degradation of polyethylene under the influence of air oxygen under accelerated thermal aging and under natural conditions is presented. It was revealed that the degradation index rises in the series "iron <copper <cobalt". The amount of formaldehyde in the gas-air extraction of oxo-degradable polyethylene modified with iron, cobalt and copper stearate is determined with accelerated thermal-oxidative degradation. The degree of isolation of formaldehyde increases in the series "copper <iron <cobalt", which indicates different periods of induction of the degradation process initiated by prooxidates, as well as the presence of side processes that affect the depth of destructive processes. It has been established that a polyethylene film modified with cobalt stearate contributes to the increase in formaldehyde emissions, while the formaldehyde content in the gas phase is 0,065 mg / m3 (per 1 g of sample), which exceeds MAC m.o.t by 1.3 times. The content of formaldehyde precipitates in the gas phase is reduced by 3.25 times, with the use of ferrous sterate. Individual carcinogenic risks (ICR) for oxo-degradable films based on iron, copper and cobalt stearates are predicted to equal 6.593·10-5, 5.595·10-5 2.864·10-4, respectively. A comparative analysis of prooxidants allows us to conclude that the use of iron and copper stearates contributes to a slower degradation of polyethylene and reduces its ecotoxicological hazard, the use of cobalt based pro-oxidants contributes to a faster and deeper destruction, but is accompanied by increased release of formaldehyde in the oxodegradation of modified polyethylene. Iron-based prooxidants with trace amounts of cobalt as in highly effective and ecofriendly modifiers of polyolefins that promote their accelerated oxodegradation in the environment, as well as further development of technical solutions to reduce the risk of using cobalt stearate as an effective prooxidant.
Effect of the addition of titanium oxide on the technology of obtaining and the properties of thin-film calcium-phosphate materials
Authors: Borilo Lyudmila P. , Lyutova Ekaterina S.
Published: February 2019

The sol-gel method produced composite calcium-phosphate coatings on a silicon substrate (model) and on the oxidized surface of titanium. The films were prepared using sol-gel technology, which includes the following processing steps: preparation of the film-forming solution (including the solvent preparation step: purification, drying); aging of the film-forming solution for its maturation (formation in sol solution); application of the film-forming solution to the substrate (the article to be coated), including the surface preparation of the product (cleaning, degreasing); reception of dispersed materials. The films were obtained by stretching and centrifugation; heat treatment of the coated product (at the same time, the product can be annealed to relieve internal stresses).In the production of films by various methods, the character of the distribution of drift-like protrusions along the surface of the sample changes. The most regular character of roughness (relief) is the samples obtained by drawing, which is important for the practical application of coatings. The relief of the surface is lower and most developed with sufficiently uniformly arranged crystalline formations for samples obtained by drawing. For the oxidized surface of titanium, the protrusions of more than 2 μm and the maximum height of 6 μm occupy the most part, when the film is applied to the oxidized surface of titanium, the proportion of protrusions more than 2 μm decreases by half. The sol-gel coating alters the morphology of the oxidized surface of titanium. The oxidized surface of titanium has a pronounced array of protrusions, when the sol-gel coating is applied, the relief is supplemented with a structured sol-gel film. When titanium oxide is introduced into the calcium phosphate system, the relief is improved and complemented, and the adhesive properties of the oxidized titanium surface are enhanced.
Antioxidant properties of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxypenyl)porphyrine based on electrochemical and biological researches
Authors: Kletikov Sergey Sergeevich , Tesakova Mariya Vasilyevna , Kulagin Vladislav Ruslanovich , Lytovac Mitar , Parfenyuk Vladimir Ivanovich
Published: February 2019

The evaluation of antioxidant activity of porphyrin was carried out on the mutual reaction of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin with a free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). A cyclic voltammetry method was used to research the interaction of porphyrin and DPPH. The results of the electrochemical experiment served as a basis for testing antioxidant qualities of porphyrin on living creatures – chickens of the “Moscow-black” breed. During the duration of the research, no disturbance of physiological condition of the chickens was noticed, as well as any considerable change of body mass or causes of death. The data on blood’s antioxidant activity lets us evaluate the organism’s ability to defend itself from toxic influences of various oxygen-containing compounds. As data shows, the dilution Twin-80 with porphyrin does not lower the blood condition. During the experiment the following was noted: hydroxyl-containing porphyrin with concentrations of 10-4 mole/l lowers the amount of malondialdehyde and increases the amount of ceruloplasmin in blood, which leads to lowering the activity of oxidizing processes in a living organism, and also empowers the protein synthesizing function of the liver.
LA ENSEÑANZA DEL ESPAÑOL A LOS HISPANOHABLANTES DE HERENCIA DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS
Authors: Torres Torres Antonio
Published: February 2019

En este artículo se analiza el tipo de español que se enseña en los cursos a los hispanohablantes de herencia de los Estados Unidos. Con el crecimiento de la población de origen hispánico en aquel país se ha incrementado el número de estudiantes de español que lo tienen como lengua patrimonial. Por este motivo, se han desarrollado en las últimas décadas investigaciones sobre cómo debe ser la enseñanza del español a este tipo de alumnos, se han elaborado materiales docentes y se han puesto en marcha cursos específicos de Español para Hablantes Nativos. Habitualmente, se considera necesario que los hispanohablantes incorporen una forma estándar de español que se sume a las variedades populares y coloquiales que traen consigo, de modo que puedan usar un registro adecuado en cada situación.
PARA UNA CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA VARIEDAD CUBANA DEL ESPAÑOL EN LA DÉCADA DEL CUARENTA DECIMONÓNICA. COMENTARIO DE CARTAS
Authors: Domínguez Hernández Marlen A.
Published: February 2019

En este artículo se discute si la variedad cubana de la década del 40 del siglo XIX está ya suficientemente diferenciada, y se trata de demostrar, a partir del estudio de un grupo de rasgos tipificadores en una muestra de cartas, que los procesos más importantes, de modo general, no han concluido completamente su cambio.
EL TRATAMIENTO ORTOGRÁFICO, ORTOTIPOGRÁFICO Y LEXICOGRÁFICO DE LOS EXTRANJERISMOS CRUDOS EN LA PRENSA ESCRITA ESPAÑOLA
Authors: Hourani Martín Dunia
Published: February 2019

En 2010, la Real Academia Española publicó una nueva obra ortográfica en la que introdujo una serie de novedades y cambios normativos que rompían en muchos aspectos con la obra anterior de 1999. Esta serie de cambios llevados a cabo también afectaron al ámbito de los extranjerismos crudos. En este trabajo nos ocupamos de la repercusión que tienen las normas ortográficas y lexicográficas de la Academia en la prensa escrita española, centrando nuestra atención en la representación gráfica de los extranjerismos crudos. Para el estudio, rastreamos las voces foráneas en un corpus compuesto por periódicos y revistas de divulgación y analizamos cuantitativa y cualitativamente los datos obtenidos. Nuestro análisis demuestra que los medios de comunicación mantienen un alto grado de corrección normativa.
LOS FACTORES LINGÜÍSTICOS DE LA /-S/ IMPLOSIVA EN EL NIVEL DE ESTUDIOS ALTOS DE GRANADA
Authors: Tejalda Giráldez María de la Sierra
Published: February 2019

En este trabajo se muestra un estudio sociolingüístico sobre la variación de la /-s/ en posición implosiva en el habla de Granada. El corpus de base sobre el que se realizarán los análisis es el Corpus PRESEEA-Granada (Moya coord. 2007-2009) establecido mediante las variables de preestratificación que se incluyen en la propuesta metodológica del PRESEEA (sexo, edad y grado de instrucción), para llevarlo a cabo seguiremos la metodología propia de los estudios variacionistas. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar un estudio detallado sobre la /-s/ en distensión silábica en el nivel de estudios altos de la ciudad de Granada. Como resultado de nuestra investigación mostraremos los datos obtenidos tras el estudio de los factores lingüísticos considerados más relevantes.
DEL CASTELLANO DE «UN PEQUEÑO RINCÓN» AL ESPAÑOL INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Torres Torres Antonio
Published: February 2019

Este artículo analiza, desde una perspectiva general, las grandes etapas que se han sucedido en la historia del español con respecto a la dinámica entre variación y norma(s). Se argumenta que, partiendo de la difusión de la lengua en el mundo, así como de los nuevos enfoques en la teoría lingüística, solo en las últimas décadas parece haberse alcanzado un modelo normativo que, sin dejar de lado la preocupación por la unidad del español, puede permitir el encaje de sus diversas normas; unas normas que, por otro lado, y más allá de las Academias, tienden a una nueva convergencia en los medios de comunicación masiva que afianzará la potencia del español ante los retos que se vislumbran.
GESTIÓN DEL LÉXICO TURÍSTICO EN PÁGINAS WEBS HOTELERAS DE PROMOCIÓN: UN EJEMPLO EN ALOJAMIENTOS DE LA COMUNIDAD BALEAR
Authors: Cantón Rodríguez María Loreto
Published: February 2019

En este trabajo se muestran las nuevas posibilidades de gestión del léxico turístico a partir del análisis de páginas webs de promoción de alojamientos turísticos con la que se ha nutrido una base de datos. Se ilustrará la influencia decisiva del canal Internet en la promoción turística y las características con sello propio del nuevo discurso turístico generado en la web 2.0. Expertos en marketing y lingüistas se adaptan al cambio radical de paradigma y de género (cibergénero, macrogénero) con productos competitivos basados en la atribución continua de nuevos significados al léxico. Finalmente se presenta un modelo de trabajo con el corpus resultante de un grupo representativo de alojamientos turísticos de la Comunidad Balear.
What does a Pacman eat? Macrophagy and necrophagy in a generalist predator (Ceratophrys stolzmanni)
Authors: Székely Diana , Gaona Fernando P. , Székely Paul , Cogălniceanu Dan
Published: February 2019

We describe for the first time the feeding ecology of the Pacific horned frog (Ceratophrys stolzmanni), as inferred through gastrointestinal tract content analysis and behavioural observations in its natural habitat. Ingested prey in adults ranged from mites and various insects to frogs and snakes. Prey items predominantly consisted of gastropods, non-formicid hymenopterans, and centipedes. We found no relationship between the size of the predator and the prey ingested, in terms of prey size, volume or number of items ingested. Additional direct observations indicate that all post-metamorphic stages are voracious, preying on vertebrates and engaging in anurophagy, cannibalism, and even necrophagy. Our study sheds light on the feeding habits of one of the least known species of horned frog.
The draft genome of strain cCpun from biting midges confirms insect Cardinium are not a monophyletic group and reveals a novel gene family expansion in a symbiont
Authors: Siozios Stefanos , Pilgrim Jack , Darby Alistair C. , Baylis Matthew , Hurst Gregory D.D.
Published: February 2019

Background

It is estimated that 13% of arthropod species carry the heritable symbiont Cardinium hertigii. 16S rRNA and gyrB sequence divides this species into at least four groups (A–D), with the A group infecting a range of arthropods, the B group infecting nematode worms, the C group infecting Culicoides biting midges, and the D group associated with the marine copepod Nitocra spinipes. To date, genome sequence has only been available for strains from groups A and B, impeding general understanding of the evolutionary history of the radiation. We present a draft genome sequence for a C group Cardinium, motivated both by the paucity of genomic information outside of the A and B group, and the importance of Culicoides biting midge hosts as arbovirus vectors.

Methods

We reconstructed the genome of cCpun, a Cardinium strain from group C that naturally infects Culicoides punctatus, through Illumina sequencing of infected host specimens.

Results

The draft genome presented has high completeness, with BUSCO scores comparable to closed group A Cardinium genomes. Phylogenomic analysis based on concatenated single copy core proteins do not support Cardinium from arthropod hosts as a monophyletic group, with nematode Cardinium strains nested within the two groups infecting arthropod hosts. Analysis of the genome of cCpun revealed expansion of a variety of gene families classically considered important in symbiosis (e.g., ankyrin domain containing genes), and one set—characterized by DUF1703 domains—not previously associated with symbiotic lifestyle. This protein group encodes putative secreted nucleases, and the cCpun genome carried at least 25 widely divergent paralogs, 24 of which shared a common ancestor in the C group. The genome revealed no evidence in support of B vitamin provisioning to its haematophagous host, and indeed suggests Cardinium may be a net importer of biotin.

Discussion

These data indicate strains of Cardinium within nematodes cluster within Cardinium strains found in insects. The draft genome of cCpun further produces new hypotheses as to the interaction of the symbiont with the midge host, in particular the biological role of DUF1703 nuclease proteins that are predicted as being secreted by cCpun. In contrast, the coding content of this genome provides no support for a role for the symbiont in provisioning the host with B vitamins.
Incidence of gestational trophoblastic disease in South Korea: a longitudinal, population-based study
Authors: Yuk Jin-Sung , Baek Jong Chul , Park Ji Eun , Jo Hyen Chul , Park Ji Kwon , Cho In Ae
Published: February 2019

Introduction

We investigated the rate and longitudinal trends of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) incidence in the Republic of Korea between 2009 and 2015 using population-based data.

Materials and Methods

Data of patients diagnosed with GTD from 2009 to 2015 were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service/National Inpatient Sample (HIRA-NIS) in the Republic of Korea. The HIRA annually provides the HIRA-NIS, a collection of clinical data from over one million people. For each year, the HIRA-NIS extracted records of 13% of patients admitted at any one time during the year and 1% of all remaining patients using the weighted sample method.

Results

Medical records of 370,117 women with at least one pregnancy (GTD, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, or delivery) were extracted from a total of 4,476,495 records. Of these, 372 episodes of GTD were identified in women with a mean age of 35.4 ± 0.7 years. The incidence rate of GTD was 130 ± 10 cases per 100,000 pregnancies, which was classified as hydatidiform mole (HM), invasive mole, or malignant neoplasm of the placenta with incidence rates of 110 ± 10, 20 ± 0, or 10 ± 0 cases per 100,000 pregnancies, respectively. Incidence of GTD was lowest among women in their late 20 s and early 30 s. Occurrences of HM accounted for 80.3% all GTD cases. Weighted logistic analysis indicated that while age significantly affected the incidence of GTD (odds ratio (OR): 2.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.79–3.37]; P < 0.001), socioeconomic status did not (OR: 1.94; 95% CI [1.0–3.79]; P = 0.05).

Conclusions

In the Republic of Korea, we observed overall incidence rates of GTD and HM of 1.3 and 1.1 per 1,000 pregnancies, respectively, which are similar to those reported in recent Western population-based studies. We also noted that annual incidence rates of GTD stabilized from 2009 to 2015.
Climatic Effects on Quality Parameters and Their Relationships of Bread Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) Grown under Semi-arid Region
Authors: Oktem Ayse Gulgun , Oktem Abdullah
Published: February 2019

Aims: This study was conducted to determine climatic effects to quality parameters of bread wheat genotypes grown in the semi-arid region.

Study Design: The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Thirty-three bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown in a field trial and kernel samples analyzed for thousand kernel weight, test weight, protein content, wet gluten, dry gluten and SDS-sedimentation value.

Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out during the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at Sanliurfa, Turkey.

Methodology: For analyses 20 main spikes that contained fully developed kernels were chosen randomly from each plot and taken to the laboratory for analyses. The nitrogen content of kernels was determined using the Kjeldahl method and the result was multiplied by the factor 5.7 to calculate the protein content of kernels. Test weight and Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS)-sedimentation values were determined using standard procedures. Wet and dry gluten values were determined using a glutomatic system after separating gluten from the soluble starch and protein fractions.

Results: Genotypes were significant (P ≤ 0.01) for all tested characteristics. Thousand kernel weight ranged from 25.8 to 42.3 g, test weight from 73.7 to 81.7 kg hl-1, protein content from 9.7 to 14.8%, wet gluten from 28.5 to 42.2%, dry gluten from 9.4 to 14.1% and SDS-sedimentation value from 19 to 39 ml. Bezostaya-I, Kutluk-94, Altay-85, Harmankaya-99, Lirasa, Kirgiz-95 and Dagdas-94 genotypes had the best quality among tested genotypes in the semi-arid climatic conditions. Protein content was positively correlated with wet gluten, dry gluten and SDS-sedimentation value, respectively. Relationships were significant between wet gluten and both dry gluten and SDS-sedimentation value. A positive significant correlation was found between thousand kernel weight and SDS-sedimentation value and between dry gluten and SDS-sedimentation value.

Conclusion: Protein content, wet and dry gluten and SDS-sedimentation value were affected by climatic conditions of semi-arid region. Protein content, wet and dry gluten value were high but SDS-sedimentation value were low due to high temperature and low precipitation in semi-arid region.
Modulation the Neuro-toxicity Induced by Aluminum Chloride in Rats Using Beetroots and Broccli Extracts
Authors: Al-Balawi Abeer Ali , Ahmed Yousri Mohamed , Albukhari Ashwag , ALGhamdi Shareefa A. , Zeyadi Mustafa A. , Maddah Morog R. , Huwait Etimad H. , Ali Soad , Kumosani Taha A. , Moselhy Said S.
Published: February 2019

Backgound: The generation of oxidative stress can be referred to Aluminium toxic effect in animals and humans. This study aimed to evaluate the role of broccoli (Br) and beetroot (Be) extarcts as antioxidant that prevents oxidative stress that associated with aluminum toxicity.

Materials and Methods: Fifty Wister female rats were grouped into five groups (each 10 rats): Group 1: control group, administered drinking water only. Group 2: (Neurogenerative) which were induced by oral administration of aluminum chloride (20 mg/kg b.w) daily for one month. Group 3: Rats given aluminum chloride were treated with Rivastigmine (Ri) (1 mg/kg b.w) as a reference drug daily for five weeks. Group 4: Rats given aluminum chloride were treated with beet root extract (50 mg/kg b.w) daily for six weeks. Group 5. Rats given aluminum chloride were treated with broccoli extract (50 mg/kg b.w) daily for five weeks.

Results: (AlCl3) group showed a significant increase in Ach level (P<0.05) and a non-significant change in DOP and NE levels compared to control. (AlCl3+Be) was non-significant (P˂0.05) change in Ach, DOP and NE levels compared to (AlCl3) group and showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in Ach level compared to control. (AlCl3+Br) showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in NE level and non-significant (P˂0.05) change in Ach and DOP levels compared to (AlCl3) group. (AlCl3+Ri) showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in Ach, DOP and NE levels compared to (AlCl3) group. Also, showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in Ach and NE compared to control.

Conclusion: Neuroprotective role of broccoli in the present study which may result from its antioxidant properties due to its bioactive content such as glucosinolate, isothiocyanate, Sulforaphane, and flavonoids. Therefore, Broccoli can have a favorable effect on neurotoxicity due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Developing a guideline for measuring the total number concentration of engineering nanomaterials in workplaces in China
Authors: Gao Xiangjing , Zou Hua , Xu Xiaohui , Zhou Lifang , Tang Shichuan , Yuan Weiming , Zhang Meibian
Published: February 2019

Objectives

To provide a guideline for assessing the occupational exposure to nanomaterials in workplaces in China.

Methods

Based on the basic requirement for the sampling of harmful substances, condensation particle counter/optical particle counter (CPC/OPC) was selected as the tool and the total number concentration (TNC) was used as an index to measure engineering nanomaterials in workplaces.

Results

The strategy included instrument preparation, identification of particle-emission source, particle-property analysis, measurement of background concentration, concentration measurement based on working activity, concentration calculation and analysis, and recording of measurements.

Conclusions

The draft guideline based on traditional industrial hygiene practices can be used to identify the emission source of nanomaterials, qualitatively and quantitatively assess exposure to nanomaterials in workplaces.
Organophosphate hydrolase interacts with Ton components and is targeted to the membrane only in the presence of the ExbB/ExbD complex
Authors: Gudla Ramurthy , Konduru Guruprasad Varma , Nagarajaram Hampapathalu Adimurty , Siddavattam Dayananda
Published: February 2019

Our study aims to investigate the physiological role of organophosphate hydrolase (OPH), hitherto known for its involvement in the degradation of organophosphate insecticides and nerve agents in Sphingobium fuliginis. We find that OPH exists as part of the TonB‐dependent Transport system that is involved in nutrient transport across the bacterial outer membrane. OPH interacts physically with the Ton complex components ExbD and TonB. The surface‐exposed arginine residues (R91 and R96) of OPH facilitate its interaction with ExbD. OPH is targeted to the inner membrane of Escherichia coli only when it is co‐expressed with either ExbD or the ExbB/ExbD complex. In the absence of ExbD, OPH remains in the cytoplasm. Our findings suggest a role for OPH in outer membrane transport.
Observer‐based fuzzy adaptive quantized control for uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems
Authors: Qu Fuyi , Tong Shaocheng
Published: February 2019

This paper focuses on consensus quantized control design problem for uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems with unmeasured states. Every follower can be denoted through a system with unmeasurable states, hysteretic quantized input, and unknown nonlinearities. Fuzzy state observer and Fuzzy logic systems are employed to estimate unmeasured states and approximate unknown nonlinear functions, respectively. The hysteretic quantized input can be split into two bounded nonlinear functions to avoid chattering problem. By combining adaptive backstepping and first‐order filter signals, an observer‐based fuzzy adaptive quantized control scheme is designed for each follower. All signals exist in closed‐loop systems are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, and all followers can accomplish a desired consensus results. Finally, a numerical example is employed to elaborate the effectiveness of proposed control strategy.
Two‐Stage Size Decrease and Enhanced Photoacoustic Performance of Stimuli‐Responsive Polymer‐Gold Nanorod Assembly for Increased Tumor Penetration
Authors: Liu Tianji , Tong Lingling , Lv Ningning , Ge Xiaoguang , Fu Qinrui , Gao Shi , Ma Qingjie , Song Jibin
Published: February 2019

A promising theranostic platform for solid tumors would deliver and release anticancer nanomedicine effectively in tumor cells. However, diverse biological barriers, especially related to the tumor microenvironment, impede these theranostic agents from reaching the tumor cell. Herein, a sequential pH and reduction‐responsive polymer and gold nanorod (AuNR) core–shell assembly to overcome these barriers via a two‐stage size decrease and disassembly of the nanoplatform responding to the specified tumor microenvironment are reported. The tumor uptake of the hybrid nanoparticle (NP) is 14.2% ID g−1, which is two and four times higher than the noneresponsive hybrid NPs and small AuNR@PEG, respectively. After tumor uptake of the hybrid NPs, the disassembled ultrasmall AuNRs coated with a polymer of polymerized reduction‐responsive doxorubicin (DOX) prodrug monomers penetrate into the solid tumor and lead to localized DOX release in the tumor cell. A linear increase in photoacustic (PA) effects from the PA activating polymer on an AuNR cluster surface indicates a critical role of electromagnetic fields in the AuNR assembly, which is consistent with the theoretical calculation results. Furthermore, the hybrid NP can serve as a promising deep‐tissue PA and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering imaging agent for real‐time in vivo investigation of physiological behaviors and deep tumor penetrating nanotherapy effects.
Bioinspired Artificial Sensory Nerve Based on Nafion Memristor
Authors: Zhang Chen , Ye Wen Bin , Zhou Kui , Chen Hong‐Ye , Yang Jia‐Qin , Ding Guanglong , Chen Xiaoli , Zhou Ye , Zhou Li , Li Fengjiao , Han Su‐Ting
Published: February 2019

Bioinspired artificial haptic neuron system has received much attention in the booming artificial intelligence industry for its broad range of high‐impact applications such as personal healthcare monitoring, electronic skins, and human–machine interfaces. An artificial haptic neuron system is designed by integrating a piezoresistive sensor and a Nafion‐based memristor for the first time in this paper. The piezoresistive sensor serves as a sensory receptor to transform mechanical stimuli into electric signals, and the Nafion‐based memristor serves as the synapse to further process the information. The pyramid‐structured sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity (6.7 × 107 kPa−1 in 1–5 kPa and 3.8 × 105 kPa−1 in 5–50 kPa) and durability (>7000 cycles), while the memristor realizes fundamental synaptic functions under low power consumption (10–200 pJ) and remains stable for over 104 consecutive tests. The integrated system can detect tactile stimuli encoded with temporal information, such as the count, frequency, duration and speed of the external force. As a proof‐of‐concept, English characters recognition with high accuracy can be achieved on the system under a supervised learning method. This work shows promising potential in bioinspired sensing systems owing to the high performance, excellent durability, and simple fabrication procedure.
Comb and Bottlebrush Polymers with Superior Rheological and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Abbasi Mahdi , Faust Lorenz , Wilhelm Manfred
Published: February 2019

Comb and bottlebrush polymers present a wide range of rheological and mechanical properties that can be controlled through their molecular characteristics, such as the backbone and side chain lengths as well as the number of branches per molecule or the grafting density. This review investigates the impact of these characteristics specifically on the zero shear viscosity, strain hardening behavior, and plateau shear modulus. It is shown that for a comb polymer with an entangled backbone and entangled side chains, a maximum in the strain hardening factor and minimum in the zero shear viscosity η0can be achieved through selection of an optimum number of branchesq. Bottlebrush polymers with flexible filaments and extremely low plateau shear moduli relative to linear polymers open the door for a new class of solvent‐free supersoft elastomers, where their network modulus can be controlled through both the degree of polymerization between crosslinks,nx, and the length of the side chains,nsc, with .
Progress in the Development of Fe‐Based PGM‐Free Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Martinez Ulises , Komini Babu Siddharth , Holby Edward F. , Chung Hoon T. , Yin Xi , Zelenay Piotr
Published: February 2019

Development of alternative energy sources is crucial to tackle challenges encountered by the growing global energy demand. Hydrogen fuel, a promising way to store energy produced from renewable power sources, can be converted into electrical energy at high efficiency via direct electrochemical conversion in fuel cells, releasing water as the sole byproduct. One important drawback to current fuel‐cell technology is the high content of platinum‐group‐metal (PGM) electrocatalysts required to perform the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Addressing this challenge, remarkable progress has been made in the development of low‐cost PGM‐free electrocatalysts synthesized from inexpensive, earth‐abundant, and easily sourced materials such as iron, nitrogen, and carbon (Fe–N–C). PGM‐free Fe–N–C electrocatalysts now exhibit ORR activities approaching that of PGM electrocatalysts but at a fraction of the cost, promising to significantly reduce overall fuel‐cell technology costs. Herein, recent developments in PGM‐free electrocatalysis, demonstrating increased fuel‐cell performance, as well as efforts aimed at understanding the key limiting factor, i.e., the nature of the PGM‐free active site, are summarized. Further improvements will be accomplished through the controlled and/or rationally designed synthesis of materials with higher active‐site densities, while at the same time establishing methods to mitigate catalyst degradation.
Twisted Surface Plasmons with Spin‐Controlled Gold Surfaces
Authors: Tsai Wei‐Yi , Sun Quan , Hu Guangwei , Wu Pin Chieh , Lin Ren Jie , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Ueno Kosei , Misawa Hiroaki , Tsai Din Ping
Published: February 2019

Twisted photon, associated with orbital angular momentum (OAM), is a physical notion that has long captivated the intriguing imagination and wide applications. Owing to the native orthogonality between different topological charges of the vortices, it will be of significant value to generate, access, and discriminate the vortex on integrated chips. Archimedean spirals or multiple split gratings are commonly employed to generate OAMs on plasmonic films. However, the single‐crystalline plasmonic surface sets a very stringent condition of probing the on‐chip OAM dynamics at sub‐femtosecond scale. In previous reports, spins of the incident light and actual topological charge of the on‐chip OAM generator are also hybridized due to the intrinsic spin‐to‐orbital angular momentum conversion, making the direct discrimination of plasmonic vortex impossible. Here, a paradigm of generating twisted surface plasmons is presented in a fully spin‐controlled fashion. With the two‐photon photoemission electron microscopy, the dynamics of OAM formation is demonstrated at subwavelength spatial resolution and sub‐femtosecond temporal resolution simultaneously, revealing its OAM‐dependent angular velocity. In addition, this scheme of twisting on‐chip plasmons shows that the challenging crystalline requirement of the thin film can be significantly alleviated. The results open up a distinct way to multiplex, record, and read the information with plasmons.
Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoindolinones via a Metal‐Free Dehydrogenative Diels‐Alder Reaction
Authors: Xu Wen‐Lei , Tang Lei , Ge Chen‐Yu , Chen Jie , Zhou Ling
Published: February 2019

A metal‐free dehydrogenative Diels‐Alder reaction of substituted alkenes for the synthesis of tetrahydroisoindolinones has been exploited for the first time. This new method features functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope, providing an efficient access to biologically active tetrahydroisoindolinone skeletons with endo steroselectivity in good to excellent yields.

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Co–B Nanoflakes as Multifunctional Bridges in ZnCo2O4 Micro‐/Nanospheres for Superior Lithium Storage with Boosted Kinetics and Stability
Authors: Deng Jiaojiao , Yu Xiaoliang , Qin Xianying , Zhou Dong , Zhang Lihan , Duan Huan , Kang Feiyu , Li Baohua , Wang Guoxiu
Published: February 2019

Transition metal oxides hold great promise as high‐energy anodes in next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries. However, owing to the inherent limitations of low electronic/ionic conductivities and dramatic volume change during charge/discharge, it is still challenging to fabricate practically viable compacted and thick TMO anodes with satisfactory electrochemical performance. Herein, with mesoporous cobalt–boride nanoflakes serving as multifunctional bridges in ZnCo2O4 micro‐/nanospheres, a compacted ZnCo2O4/Co–B hybrid structure is constructed. Co–B nanoflakes not only bridge ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles and function as anchors for ZnCo2O4 micro‐/nanospheres to suppress the severe volume fluctuation, they also work as effective electron conduction bridges to promote fast electron transportation. More importantly, they serve as Li+ transfer bridges to provide significantly boosted Li+ diffusivity, evidenced from both experimental kinetics analysis and density functional theory calculations. The mesopores within Co–B nanoflakes help overcome the large Li+ diffusion barriers across 2D interfaces. As a result, the ZnCo2O4/Co–B electrode delivers high gravimetric/volumetric/areal capacities of 995 mAh g−1/1450 mAh cm−3/5.10 mAh cm−2, respectively, with robust rate capability and long‐term cyclability. The distinct interfacial design strategy provides a new direction for designing compacted conversion‐type anodes with superior lithium storage kinetics and stability for practical applications.
Monolithic Integration of All‐in‐One Supercapacitor for 3D Electronics
Authors: Wang Yang , Su Songyang , Cai Lejuan , Qiu Bocheng , Wang Ni , Xiong Jie , Yang Cheng , Tao Xiaoming , Chai Yang
Published: February 2019

A supercapacitor is usually stacked in the configuration of a layered sandwiched architecture, and has been adopted as discrete energy storage device or circuit component. However, this stacked structure decreases mechanical integrity, leads to low specific capacity, and prevents high‐density monolithic integration. Here all‐in‐one supercapacitors are fabricated by integrating cathode, anode, current collector, and separator into one monolithic glass fiber (GF) substrate together with other circuit components through matured and scalable fabrication techniques, the all‐in‐one supercapacitor is embedded as a component for 3D electronics. This all‐in‐one architecture demonstrates its effectiveness in the prevention of the delamination of the sandwiched supercapacitor and the minimization of the proportion of inactive materials. The supercapacitor delivers high power density (320 mW cm−3) and energy density (2.12 mWh cm−3), and exhibits a capacitance retention of 100% even after a continuous cycling of 431 h. Furthermore, a 3D polydimethylsiloxane/GF architecture is constructed for driving a flash light emitting diode system, where the all‐in‐one supercapacitor is monolithically integrated in the 3D system, and each layer is connected via vertical through‐holes. This all‐in‐one device can be constructed with a macroscopically available membrane and readily integrated into 3D systems without secondary packaging, providing the potential for high‐density heterogeneous 3D electronics.