Norms of motor activity in modern schoolchildren: relevance, problems and ways of solution (review)
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Privolzhsky Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Bogomolova E. S. , Maksimenko E. O. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Privolzhsky Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Kovalchuk S. N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Privolzhsky Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Kotova N. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Privolzhsky Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Olyushina E. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Privolzhsky Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Published: November 2023

An information research of russian and foreign sources of literature on the study and evaluation of physical activity of schoolchildren with different levels of health was carried out. An analysis of the literature data showed a decrease in the duration of physical activity, a decrease in the number of locomotions and daily energy consumption for their implementation. An increase in the pathology of the musculoskeletal system, a decrease in functional indicators and physical fitness of modern schoolchildren, according to a number of authors, is associated with a change in lifestyle and the educational process towards digitalization and physical inactivity. The results of the studies indicate a low habitual physical activity: the number of locomotions per day is much less than the currently existing hygienic norm. There are several studies that used the division of children and adolescents by physical activity levels, which allowed the authors to calculate health risks, prenosological diagnostics of autonomic dysfunction syndrome, monitor psychophysiological status, correct dysregulatory disorders, and form a forecast of success in sports and health-improving activities of schoolchildren. The centile method was a universal tool for distributing the variability of the daily number of locomotions, substantiating the physiological norm of physical activity, hypokinesia and hyperactivity in children of I and II health groups. It has been proven that anthropometric and functional indicators of active children and adolescents are higher than those of schoolchildren with a low level of physical activity. The researchers substantiated the norms of physical activity only for junior schoolchildren and schoolchildren aged 12–14 of I and II health groups. There is a lack of uniform standards for assessing the motor activity of healthy schoolchildren aged 7–17 and children with chronic diseases. Therefore, the study and substantiation of hygienic norms of physical activity for all age and sex groups of 7–17‑years schoolchildren with different levels of health remains an urgent issue.