bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of different activation irrigations on intracanal smear layer removal: a vitro study
Authors: Wang Lingxiang , Feng Bo , Shi Shaojing , Sun Degang , Wu Di
Published: December 2024

Objective

To compare the effect of syringe irrigation technique, passive ultrasonic activation technique, EDDY activation technique and Er,Cr,YSGG laser activation technique on smear layer removal in root canals in vitro.

Methods

Forty mandibular first premolars with single canal were collected from patients in Qingdao Stomatological Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University. After root canal preparation with ProTaper Universal to F3, they were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) according to different activation irrigations for the final washing: syringe irrigation (SI), passive ultrasonic activation (PU), EDDY activation (EDDY) and Er,Cr,YSGG laser activation (YSGG). Finally, all the crowns of them were cut off and the root length was trimmed to 15 mm. The roots were split longitudinally and observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) for assessment of smear layer removal in different parts of the root canal.

Results

All groups showed similar effects for cleaning the root canals in the coronal thirds (P > 0.05). For cleaning the root canals in the middle thirds, PU group, EDDY group and YSGG group showed similar effects, (P> 0.05). They were more effective than SI group (P < 0.05). For cleaning the root canals in the apical thirds, PU group and EDDY group showed similar effects (P> 0.05). They were more effective than SI group (P < 0.05). YSGG group was more effective than other groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Er,Cr,YSGG laser activation technique can remove smear layer of root canals effectively. The cleaning effect of the passive ultrasonic activation technique, EDDY activation technique is better than that of syringe irrigation technique.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 in sub-Saharan Africa and the potential impact of helminth immune modulation
Authors: Pillay Roxanne , Naidoo Pragalathan , Mkhize-Kwitshana Zilungile L.
Published: December 2024

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and helminth infections are among the most widespread infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Helminths are known to modulate host immune responses and consequently impact the severity and outcomes of unrelated diseases, including allergies, autoimmune conditions, and infectious diseases. In this way, helminths may modulate essential immune responses against HSV-2 during co-infection and may alter susceptibility to and pathology of HSV-2. However, the epidemiology of STH/HSV-2 co-infections is understudied, and whether helminths influence the host immune response to HSV-2 is not well understood. In this perspective piece, we briefly examine the current knowledge on helminth immune modulation of important pathogens that are endemic to SSA, arguing that it is important to explore HSV-2 and helminth co-infections to elucidate potential interactions between HSV-2 and helminths. This is particularly relevant in SSA, where both pathogens are highly prevalent.
Bloodstream infections in pediatric hematology/oncology patients: a single-center study in Wuhan
Authors: Murshed Ibrahim Ahmed Saleh , Zhao Lizhen , Zhang Wenzhi , Yin Yuhong , Li Ying , Peng Yun , Chen Hongbo , Wu Xiaoyan
Published: December 2024

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a critical concern in pediatric onco-hematological patients undergoing chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), leading to a major impact on morbidity, long-term hospitalization, and mortality. We retrospectively analyzed 202 BSIs in 145 patients, consisting of 128 with hematological malignancies, one with a solid tumor, and 16 with non-malignant hematological diseases. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical characteristics, pathogen distribution, and antimicrobial pathogen susceptibility. Gram-positive infections were the most frequent at (58.4%), followed by gram-negative (41%), and fungal infections (0.5%). Particularly, the majority of these infections occurred during the induction phase of chemotherapy, where 94 (46.5%) BSI episodes were recorded, predominantly in neutropenic patients (88.3%). The consolidation phase experienced lower BSIs (11.8%); among these patients (54.1%) were non-neutropenic. BSIs observed in (23.7%) of patients in the maintenance phase, with a higher proportion (66.6%) being neutropenic. Among the 7 patients who underwent HSCT, BSIs occurred in (4.9%) cases, mainly (70%) due to neutropenia. The most prevalent pathogens were Staphylococcus epidermidis (19.8%), Staphylococcus hominis (16.3%), and Escherichia coli (8.4%). The study highlights the critical need for vigilant monitoring and customized infection management strategies to enhance patient outcomes across chemotherapy phases and HSCT.
Changes in breeding activity of Southeast Asian songbirds in response to the severity of the dry season
Authors: Gale George A. , Angkaew Rongrong , Khamcha Daphawan
Published: December 2024

Droughts are expected to become more frequent and severe as the climate changes. Tropical songbirds likely reduce reproductive output during extreme droughts such as El Niño events in Southeast Asia as a tradeoff for reducing mortality risks. However, the timing of these rainfall responses and the extent of these reproductive costs are largely unknown in this region. Here we quantified how the amount and frequency of rainfall impacted nest initiation (first egg dates), and how the amount of rainfall may impact the duration of nesting in a given season (last expected fledging date). We tested these hypotheses on seven species of understory passerines in a secondary dry evergreen forest in northeastern Thailand. Using ten years of data (2014–2023) we examined the relationship between rainfall examining both total amounts occurring at key parts of the year (such as just prior to the breeding season) as well the number of “no-rain” days (rainfall gap) on (1) first egg dates and the (2) last expected fledging date of a given season. More severe dry seasons (longer time gaps in rainfall) caused longer delays in the start of egg laying and gap days tended to have a stronger effect than total rainfall. Lower breeding season rainfall resulted in later fledge dates for four species; lower rainfall amounts during the dry season resulted in later fledge dates for three species. There was no relationship between first egg dates and last expected fledging dates for any target species. Overall, it appears that droughts are likely shortening the breeding seasons of many tropical forest birds, but the reproductive costs are still difficult to estimate precisely. Further investigation is also recommended as to how rainfall is affecting nesting success particularly whether greater rainfall is regularly associated with earlier end of season fledging dates.
The association of RBP4 with chronic kidney diseases in southern Chinese population
Authors: Chen Tong , Liu Yu , Wu Shiquan , Long Siyu , Feng Ling , Lu Wenqian , Chen Wenya , Hong Guoai , Zhou Li , Wang Fang , Luo Yuechan , Zou Hequn , Liu Weihua
Published: December 2024

Background

Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), as a novel adipokine, has been proven to be highly related to insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperuricemia and other metabolic diseases, which are all risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there is a lack of sufficient studies to explore the relationship between RBP4 and CKD, and no reports have described the predictive value of RBP4 for CKD. This study was designed to clarify the relationship between RBP4 and CKD and its potential predictive value.

Methods

Our team has conducted a large-scale cross-sectional survey that contained 2117 individuals on the southern coast of China. Correlation test, logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the association between RBP4 and CKD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used to evaluate the optimal cut-off and predictive value of RBP4 for predicting CKD.

Results

By using the quartile grouping method, the population was divided into four groups according to the RBP4 level. As the RBP4 level increased, the prevalence of CKD also gradually increased among different groups. RBP4 was also correlated with various metabolic risk factors, such as blood glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure, waist circumference, uric acid, and with kidney function indicators such as creatinine, urine protein. Logistic regression analysis found that after adjusting for confounders, RBP4 remained significantly associated with CKD, independent of metabolic risk factors. ROC analysis showed that RBP4 as a single index, AUC (0.666) was superior to Scr, FBG, Log HOMA-IR, WC, TG, VLDL-C, UA, HDL-C, LDL-C, and that combining RBP4 indicator and other common risk factors of CKD can improve the accuracy for predicting CKD.

Conclusion

This study found that the RBP4 was strongly correlated with CKD, RBP4 may become a valuable marker and have strong power for predicting CKD.
Maternal organokines throughout pregnancy as predictors of neonatal anthropometric characteristics and adiposity
Authors: Valencia-Ortega Jorge , Galicia-Hernández Victoria , Castillo-Santos Andrea , Molerés-Orduña Miranda , Arceo-Cerna Carla , Perichart-Perera Otilia , Rodríguez-Cano Ameyalli M. , Rodríguez-Hernández Carolina , Estrada-Gutierrez Guadalupe , Camacho-Arroyo Ignacio , Solis-Paredes Juan Mario
Published: December 2024

Aims

To evaluate the relation between maternal concentrations of progranulin (PGRN), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) throughout pregnancy with neonatal weight and length at birth and at one month of age, as well as with the percentage of fat mass at one month of age. Besides, we evaluated the association between maternal organokine concentrations with pregestational nutritional status and gestational weight gain (GWG).

Methods

Longitudinal study of 100 healthy pregnant women and their neonates. Conventional biochemical tests were performed and maternal organokine concentrations were measured by ELISA. Neonatal percent fat mass was determined using the PEA POD system, and weight and length were measured using a soft tape measure and a baby scale. Multiple linear regression models were made to predict neonatal anthropometric measurements and adiposity.

Results

In all women, PGRN concentrations significantly increased as pregnancy progressed, while AFABP concentrations increased until the third trimester and the highest BDNF concentrations were observed in the second trimester of pregnancy. In contrast, FGF21 concentrations did not change during pregnancy. Only maternal obesity was associated with some differences in AFABP and FGF21 concentrations. Gestational age at birth, maternal age and third-trimester PGRN concentrations predicted weight (gestational age at birth: β=0.11; maternal age: β=-0.033; PGRN: β=0.003, p<0.001) and, together with first-trimester BDNF concentrations, length (gestational age at birth: β=0.76; maternal age: β=-0.21; PGRN: β=0.24; BDNF: β=0.06, p<0.001) at birth. Maternal age and third-trimester BDNF concentrations predicted one-month-old neonate length (maternal age: β=-1.03; BDNF: β=0.45, p<0.001). Pregestational body mass index (pBMI), GWG, second-trimester FGF21 concentrations, and third-trimester AFABP concentrations predicted neonatal fat mass percentage (pBMI: β=-0.58; GWG: β=-0.32; FGF21: β=-0.004; AFABP: β=-1.27, p<0.001) at one month of age.

Conclusion

Maternal PGRN, AFABP, and BDNF concentrations, but not FGF21, vary throughout pregnancy. These organokines and maternal characteristics can be useful in the prediction of neonatal weight, length, and percentage fat mass.
The potential mechanisms underlying phthalate-induced hypospadias: a systematic review of rodent model studies
Authors: Zhang Youtian , Wang Jian , Yang Hongchao , Guan Yong
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Maternal exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors, such as phthalates, during pregnancy is a significant risk factor for the development of hypospadias. By consolidating existing research on the mechanisms by which phthalates induce hypospadias in rodent models, this systematic review aims to organize and analyze the discovered mechanisms and their potential connections.

Methods

The study involved all articles that explored the mechanisms of phthalate-induced hypospadias using rodent models. A comprehensive search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted using the terms “hypospadias” and “phthalates” before January 20, 2024. Then, two investigators screened for studies worthy of inclusion by setting inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

Of the initial 326 search results, 22 were included in the subsequent analysis. Based on the commonalities among different results, the mechanisms of phthalate-induced hypospadias could be categorized into the following five groups: sex steroids-related signaling pathways (n=10), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (n=6), autophagy (n=5), apoptosis (n=4) and angiogenesis (n=2). Among these, sex steroids-related signaling pathways might serve as a central regulator among all mechanisms, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) also played an important mediating role.

Conclusion

The systematic review indicates that phthalates may initially disrupt the balance of sex steroids-related pathways, leading to abnormally elevated levels of ROS and subsequently to other functional abnormalities, ultimately resulting in the development of hypospadias. All these findings will help to improve prevention strategies during pregnancy to reduce the adverse effects of phthalates on the offspring.
Genetic and physiological characteristics of CsNPR3 edited citrus and their impact on HLB tolerance
Authors: Tiwari Trishna , Robertson Cecile , El-Mohtar Choaa , Grosser Jude , Vashisth Tripti , Mou Zhonglin , Dutt Manjul
Published: December 2024

Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas), severely impacts citrus production, and currently, there is no cure. Developing HLB-resistant or tolerant cultivars is crucial, with modifying defense-related genes being a promising approach to managing HLB. NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) is a positive regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which enhances resistance to pathogens, whereas NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 3 (NPR3) is a negative regulator of SAR. To unambiguously address the role of CsNPR3 in HLB, we introduced mutations into the CsNPR3 gene in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) through genome editing and assessed their effects on morphology, physiology, and resistance/tolerance to HLB. Several genome-edited ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange trees harboring frameshift-inducing insertions or deletions were identified. After confirming the genome editing using Sanger sequencing, selected lines were grafted onto C-146 trifoliate hybrid rootstocks for clonal propagation. The progenies were then infected with CaLas using a no-choice Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP) feeding assay. Evaluation of the genetic and physiological characteristics of CsNPR3-edited citrus trees under greenhouse conditions revealed that the edited trees exhibited greater vigor than the wild-type trees, despite the lack of significant differences in CaLas titers. Although further field evaluation is needed, our findings indicate that CsNPR3 contributes to HLB-caused tree deterioration and demonstrate that editing CsNPR3 can enhance tolerance to HLB.
NETQUANT2: automated web-based quantification of neutrophil extracellular traps from fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Kumra Ahnlide Johannes , Thelaus Louise , Kahn Fredrik , van Breda Shane , Nordenfelt Pontus
Published: December 2024

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are structures that neutrophils form in response to various stimuli, including invading pathogens. NETs are increasingly studied, and their importance has been demonstrated in autoimmunity and infection. However, no consensus has emerged on their quantification, with many studies resorting to manually counting NETs in microscopy images. NETQUANT is a free software for the automated quantification of neutrophil extracellular traps in fluorescence microscopy images. By employing automated image analysis based on biologically relevant criteria for defining NETs, NETQUANT eliminates user bias and reduces analysis time. Despite these advantages, NETQUANT has not reached widespread adoption, partly due to its dependence on proprietary software and challenges associated with local program setup, which has hindered its appeal. Here, we present NETQUANT2, an improved version based on the principles of NETQUANT, released as a web-based software for fast, simple, and unbiased NET quantification from microscopy images. The software guides researchers by displaying relevant morphological data from their sample and allows researchers to interactively configure the analysis, immediately seeing the impact on the result. NETQUANT2 further improves NETQUANT by enabling easy sharing and reusing of configurations and results and enhanced configuration options to handle complex samples better. We believe that the improved accessibility of NETQUANT2 will lead to better reproducibility in NET research and open the field to more researchers while keeping the quality of analysis high.
Seroprevalence study reveals pertussis underreporting in Brazil and calls for adolescent/young adult boosting: mouse model demonstrates immunity restoration
Authors: Silva Eliane P. , Trentini Monalisa , Rodriguez Dunia , Kanno Alex I. , Gomes Filumena M. S. , Valente Maria H. , Trufen Carlos E. M. , Yamamoto Lais S. , Januzzi Arthur D. , Cunegundes Priscila S. , Palacios Ricardo , Souza Renan P. , Raw Isaías , Leite Luciana C. C. , Dias Waldely O.
Published: December 2024

Background

Pertussis continues to pose a significant threat despite the availability of effective vaccines. The challenge lies in the vulnerability of infants who have not yet completed their vaccination schedule and in adolescents and adults becoming potential disease carriers.

Methods

We evaluated the seroprevalence of pertussis immunity in a cohort of 1,500 healthy Brazilian volunteers. Next, we explored the potential restoration of waning pertussis immunity by administering booster doses of wP, aP or Plow (an economically viable and low reactogenic vaccine in development at Butantan) using a mouse model.

Findings

The mean anti-PT IgG levels in the Brazilian volunteers was 39.4 IU/mL. Notably, individuals ≤ 19 years exhibited higher IgG values compared to older age groups (≥ 20 y). Overall, 8.4% of the samples displayed indications of recent or current contact/infection, with IgG levels surpassing 120 IU/mL, particularly in the 15-19 years age group. IgM values were also increased in the 10-19 years age group. Potential recovery of pre-existing but waning immunity investigated in mice, showed that boosting with wP induced higher antibody titers than aP or Plow. Notably, aP and Plow boosts prompted superior effector and memory cell responses from both B and T cells. Upon challenge with B. pertussis, aP or Plow boost provided greater protection as compared to wP.

Interpretations

Pertussis appears to circulate predominantly among adolescents and young adults. Insights from the mouse model indicate that immunity can be restored with booster doses. Boosting immunity in non-targeted groups could prevent the dissemination of pertussis to infants.
Integrating metagenomics and culturomics to uncover the soil bacterial community in Asparagus cochinchinensis cultivation
Authors: Yu Jingsheng , Yang Shuai , Zhang Xiaoyong , Liu Xiongwei , Tang Xuebo , Wang Liuyan , Chen Jinglan , Luo Huimin , Liu Changmin , Song Chi
Published: December 2024

Asparagus cochinchinensis is a medicinal plant in China, which has gained attention owing its protective effect in human health. However, there are seldom studies to systematically reveal the rhizosphere bacterial community of A. cochinchinensis. In this study, we employed metagenomics and culturomics to analyze the bacterial community composition and diversity in continuous rhizosphere soil of A. cochinchinensis. Meanwhile, we assessed the effect of soil physicochemical properties on the bacterial community. Results showed that the most abundant TAXA is a taxon belonging to the family Streptomycetaceae, the genus Mycobacterium and the species Oligotropha carboxidovorans. The bacterial communities across various areas were similar. Significant differences of exchangeable magnesium and available phosphorus level were observed between three groups. Furthermore, bacterial community structure correlated closely with soil physicochemical properties. Additionally, a total of 103 strains were isolated and identified, representing 28 species. Based on this study, the rhizosphere bacterial community of A. cochinchinensis might influence its growth and development. The rhizosphere strains were isolated and their function request further investigation. This study firstly revealed the bacterial community in the A. cochinchinensis rhizosphere soil, providing valuable references for its quality improvement in practical cultivation process.
Effects of different additives on fermentation quality, mycotoxin concentrations, and microbial communities in high-moisture corn kernels during wet storage
Authors: Wang Xingya , Sun Linlin , Zhang Shoumei , Guo Yuqiu , Chen Lirong , Gong Kuijie , Liu Kaichang
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The moisture content of corn kernels at harvest in China is relatively high, and wet storage effectively preserves high-moisture corn kernels. However, ensuring effective fermentation during storage is crucial.

Methods

To address this, we systematically investigated the variations in fermentation quality, mycotoxin concentrations, and microbial community composition under different additive treatments. The treatments included CK (control, deionized water), LAB homo- and hetero-lactic acid bacteria: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Weissella confusa MF01, and EN (cellulase), followed by 60 and 90 days of fermentation.

Results

The results indicated that both LAB and EN treatments significantly reduced the concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and zearalenone (ZEN) compared to CK during the wet storage of high-moisture corn kernels. LAB treatment notably increased lactic and acetic acid levels, decreased pH and NH3-N content, and improved crude protein (CP, 8.24% DM) and starch content (73.01% DM) compared to CK. LAB treatment also reduced water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (5.05% DM). Microbial diversity was reduced in the LAB treatment, as evidenced by decreases in both common and unique operational taxonomic units, while the relative abundance of Weissella increased after 60 days compared to CK. In contrast, despite higher lactic and acetic acid levels in the EN treatment, the pH did not decrease significantly due to higher NH3-N content. Overall, the LAB treatment outperformed other treatments by achieving lower mycotoxin concentrations, better fermentation quality, and superior preservation of nutritional components.

Discussion

This study provides valuable theoretical support and practical guidance for improving the wet storage of high-moisture corn kernels and enhancing their safety and nutritional value during storage.
Neuronal activity inhibits mitochondrial transport only in synaptically connected segments of the axon
Authors: Venneman Tom , Vanden Berghe Pieter
Published: December 2024

Due to their large scale and uniquely branched architecture, neurons critically rely on active transport of mitochondria in order to match energy production and calcium buffering to local demand. Consequently, defective mitochondrial trafficking is implicated in various neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. A key signal regulating mitochondrial transport is intracellular calcium. Elevated Ca2+ levels have been demonstrated to inhibit mitochondrial transport in many cell types, including neurons. However, it is currently unclear to what extent calcium-signaling regulates axonal mitochondrial transport during realistic neuronal activity patterns. We created a robust pipeline to quantify with high spatial resolution, absolute Ca2+ concentrations. This allows us to monitor Ca2+ dynamics with pixel precision in the axon and other neuronal compartments. We found that axonal calcium levels scale with firing frequency in the range of 0.1–1 μM, whereas KCl-induced depolarization generated levels almost a magnitude higher. As expected, prolonged KCl-induced depolarization did inhibit axonal mitochondrial transport in primary hippocampal neurons. However, physiologically relevant neuronal activity patterns only inhibited mitochondrial transport in axonal segments which made connections to a target neuron. In “non-connecting” axonal segments, we were unable to trigger this inhibitory mechanism using realistic firing patterns. Thus, we confirm that neuronal activity can indeed regulate axonal mitochondrial transport, and reveal a spatial pattern to this regulation which went previously undetected. Together, these findings indicate a potent, but localized role for activity-related calcium fluctuations in the regulation of axonal mitochondrial transport.
Virtual reality games for spatial hearing training in children and young people with bilateral cochlear implants: the “Both Ears (BEARS)” approach
Authors: Parmar Bhavisha J. , Salorio-Corbetto Marina , Picinali Lorenzo , Mahon Merle , Nightingale Ruth , Somerset Sarah , Cullington Helen , Driver Sandra , Rocca Christine , Jiang Dan , Vickers Deborah
Published: December 2024

Spatial hearing relies on the encoding of perceptual sound location cues in space. It is critical for communicating in background noise, and understanding where sounds are coming from (sound localization). Although there are some monoaural spatial hearing cues (i.e., from one ear), most of our spatial hearing skills require binaural hearing (i.e., from two ears). Cochlear implants (CIs) are often the most appropriate rehabilitation for individuals with severe-to-profound hearing loss, with those aged 18 years of age and younger typically receiving bilateral implants (one in each ear). As experience with bilateral hearing increases, individuals tend to improve their spatial hearing skills. Extensive research demonstrates that training can enhance sound localization, speech understanding in noise, and music perception. The BEARS (Both Ears) approach utilizes Virtual Reality (VR) games specifically designed for young people with bilateral CIs to train and improve spatial hearing skills. This paper outlines the BEARS approach by: (i) emphasizing the need for more robust and engaging rehabilitation techniques, (ii) presenting the BEARS logic model that underpins the intervention, and (iii) detailing the assessment tools that will be employed in a clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of BEARS in alignment with the logic model.
Differential timing of mitochondrial activation in rat dorsal striatum induced by procedural learning and swimming
Authors: Pegueros-Maldonado Rogelio , Fuentes-Ibañez Antonio , Monroy Mónica M. , Gutiérrez Oscar A. , Serafín Norma , Pech-Pool Santiago M. , Díaz-Muñoz Mauricio , Quirarte Gina L.
Published: December 2024

Stressful experiences form stronger memories due to enhanced neural plasticity mechanisms linked to glucocorticoid hormones (cortisol in humans, corticosterone in rats). Among other neural structures, the dorsal striatum plays a role in the corticosterone-induced consolidation of stressful memories, particularly in the cued water maze task. Neural plasticity is related to mitochondrial activity due to the relevance of energy production and signaling mechanisms for functional and morphological neuronal adaptations. Corticosterone has been shown to enhance brain mitochondrial activity by activating glucocorticoid receptors. In this context, striatum functions are susceptible to change in relation to mitochondrial responses. Based on this evidence, we hypothesized that training in the cued water maze would induce an increase in corticosterone levels and mitochondrial activity (mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium content) in the dorsal striatum, and that these adaptations might be related to memory consolidation of the task. We used an ELISA assay to evaluate plasma and striatal corticosterone levels; mitochondrial activity was determined with the florescent probes MitoTracker Red (mitochondrial membrane potential) and Rhod-2 (calcium content) in brain slices containing the dorsal striatum of rats trained in the cued water maze and euthanized at different times after training (0.5, 1.5, or 6.0 h). We also analyzed the effect of post-training inhibition of striatal mitochondrial activity by OXPHOS complex 1 inhibitor rotenone, on the consolidation of the cued water maze task. We found that cued water maze training induced an increase in corticosterone levels and a time-dependent elevation of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial calcium content in the dorsal striatum. Unexpectedly, rotenone administration facilitated the retention test. Altogether, our results suggest that enhanced mitochondrial activity in the dorsal striatum is relevant for cued water maze consolidation. The increase in mitochondrial activity was contextually associated with an elevation of corticosterone in plasma and the dorsal striatum. Additionally, our swimming groups also showed an increase in mitochondrial activity in the dorsal striatum, but with a different pattern, which could suggest a differential functional adaptation in this structure.
Can aged Camellia oleifera Abel oil truly be used to treat atopic dermatitis?
Authors: Ouyang Xi-Lin , Yuan Zhang-Lin , Chen Xiao-Bing , Gan Hong-Wan , Guo Sen-Hui , Cai Juan , Zhong Jing-Jing
Published: December 2024

Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythema, eruption, lichenification, and pruritus. Aged Camellia oleifera Abel oil, an effective empirical plant oil utilized by the Gannan Hakka people in China to alleviate the symptoms of atopic dermatitis. However, no scientific studies have been reported to prove whether this oil is truly effective. We conducted this study to confirm whether aged C. oleifera oil could alleviate the symptoms of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis in mice. Differences in the thickness and weight of the right and left ears were measured. ELISA was used to determine the serum levels of the inflammatory factors IL-4, IgE, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. HE staining was performed to observe inflammatory cell infiltration in the mouse skin lesions. In addition, the metabolites of aged C. oleifera oils were analyzed, and molecular docking was used to assess the binding affinity of the major metabolites to filaggrin, a protein involved in skin barrier function. Animal studies showed that aged C. oleifera oil significantly improved the symptoms of atopic dermatitis. HE staining and measurement of inflammatory factor levels revealed similar results. A total of 41 metabolites were tentatively identified in the oil, with fatty acids emerging as the major metabolites. Molecular docking confirmed that the three most abundant fatty acids, i.e., oleic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid, bind well to filaggrin. Our results suggest that aged C. oleifera oils can be used to ameliorate the symptoms of atopic dermatitis. Fatty acids may be the major active metabolites responsible for the observed therapeutic effects by reducing transdermal water loss, increasing skin hydration, alleviating DNCB-induced skin barrier alterations, and eliminating itchy scratching caused by dry skin.
Prevalence and solving strategies of drug-related problems in adult psychiatric inpatients - a systematic review
Authors: Wien Katharina , Reißner Pamela , Hefner Gudrun , Thern Julia , Borgwardt Stefan
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Most psychiatric inpatients receive psychopharmacological treatment indicated for their mental diseases. The aim of this systematic review is to give clinical pharmacists and physicians a comprehensive summary of common drug-related problems (DRPs) in adult psychiatric inpatients and of potential interventions to solve them in clinical practice.

Methods

Six databases and registers were searched for English, German and French articles published between 1999 and 2023 with content regarding the prevalence and/or type or interventions to solve DRPs in adult psychiatric inpatients. Studies were categorized based on types of DRPs and clinical interventions. The prevalence rates of DRPs and subtypes were compared quantitatively and the tested interventions were summarized qualitatively.

Results

A total of 88 articles with an overall sample of over 95.425 adult psychiatric inpatients were included in this review. DRPs were reported with a prevalence range of 0.32 to 9.48 per patient. The most frequently reported DRPs were caused by prescribing errors (1.91 per patient), the most frequent subtype was drug interaction (0.77 per patient). Clinical pharmacists were involved in interventions in 7 of 13 included articles. Interventions consisted of clinical pharmacy services on the ward, educational classes, medication reviews, and the implementation of digital tools such as dispensing cabinets and prescribing tools.

Discussion

The included studies were heterogeneous. The most frequent DRPs in psychiatry are related to prescribing errors and drug interactions. Clinical pharmacists may support the drug therapy by identifying and effectively solving DRPs in psychiatric inpatients using interdisciplinary approaches.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022354958.
Recovery trajectories of mental health symptoms among Chinese adolescents following the end of COVID-19
Authors: Peng Jun , He Meihui , Guo Yongxing , Diao Jiangdong , Chen Kun , Deng Ziyi , Mo Lei , Gao Ruixiang
Published: December 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on global mental health, particularly among adolescents. However, little is known about how mental health symptoms recover after the pandemic subsides. This study aims to examine the recovery trajectories of ten mental health problems and suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents post-pandemic, with a focus on identifying factors that influence different recovery patterns.

Methods

A total of 2,534 adolescents participated in a three-wave survey, conducted in June 2022, November 2022, and March 2023, using the Mental Health Scale for Chinese Middle School Students. A novel index was developed to account for both the number and severity of mental health risk factors, allowing for the classification of psychological symptoms into three subgroups: no, moderate, and severe. Polynomial regression models were applied to determine the acceleration inflection point, and multivariate logistic regressions identified predictors of trajectory membership.

Results

Significant declines in psychological symptoms were observed. Seven trajectory patterns were identified: resistance (37.85%), recovery (22.61%), chronic-dysfunction (12.08%), aftermath-deterioration (10.81%), stress-responsiveness (8.21%), vulnerability (5.76%), and remitting (2.68%). Being female, senior high school students, and the oldest child in the family hindered mental health recovery, whereas parenting styles of companionship, empathetic support, promise fulfillment, and behavior intervention served as protective factors.

Conclusion

This study is one of the first to reveal the post-pandemic mental health recovery trajectories of Chinese adolescents, highlighting the importance of considering both the number and severity of cumulative mental health problems. The findings offer valuable insights into suicide prevention and the development of targeted interventions to support youth mental health recovery.
Effects of lidocaine-plus-meloxicam treatment on behavioral and physiological changes, and leukocyte heat shock protein 90 gene expression after surgical castration in Hanwoo bulls
Authors: Cho Ingu , Yoo Seonpil , Jung Da Jin Sol , Lee Jaesung , Baek Seok-Hyeon , Kim Sang Yeob , Lee Jinoh , Kim Dohyun , Kim Hyun Jin , Baik Myunggi
Published: December 2024

This study examined the effects of surgical castration and lidocaine-plus-meloxicam treatment on growth, physiology, behaviors, and leukocyte heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90) gene expression in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) bulls. Twenty Hanwoo bulls (body weight 248.8 ± 28.5 kg, age 9.4 ± 1.04 months) were assigned to three treatments: surgical castration with lidocaine injection (5 mL in the scrotum) and oral meloxicam administration (1 mg/kg body weight; LM; n = 7); surgical castration with placebo injection (5 mL of 0.9% NaCl) and oral placebo administration (lactose, 1 mg/kg body weight; CAS; n = 7); and shame castration (SHAM; n = 6). Meloxicam and lactose were administered 3 h before castration, and lidocaine and NaCl were injected immediately before castration. Surgical castration was performed with a Newberry knife and a Henderson castration tool. Wight was measured the day before and 14 d after castration, and behavior was observed from 0.5 h to 4.5 h post-castration. Blood was collected at −1 d, 0.5 h, 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d after castration to measure plasma cortisol, haptoglobin, and leukocyte HSP 90 mRNA. Castration tended to decrease average daily gain (p = 0.06), but the LM treatment did not affect weight gain. Bulls in CAS showed higher cortisol concentration (p < 0.05) at 0.5 and 6 h after castration compared to SHAM, with no difference between CAS and LM. Castration increased haptoglobin concentration at 1 and 3 d after castration (p < 0.05) while LM bulls showed decreased haptoglobin concentration (p < 0.05) than CAS bulls at these times. HSP90 mRNA was increased at 6 h post-castration while LM did not reduce its expression, suggesting HSP90 may serve as an acute stress marker in castrated bulls. Castration increased (p < 0.05) frequencies of drinking, lying, walking, leg lifting, kicking, and stiff gait, while decreasing (p < 0.05) eating frequency. LM alleviated (p < 0.05) drinking, leg lifting, kicking, and stiff gait. Collectively, castration resulted in physiological changes, increased leukocyte HSP90 gene expression, and altered behaviors. These findings suggest that lidocaine-plus-meloxicam treatment partially mitigates pain and inflammation in the castrated bulls.
Structural Design and Kinematic Analysis of Cable-Driven Soft Robot
Authors: Wei Feng , Luo Kun , Zhang Yeming , Jiang Jianfeng
Published: December 2024

Continuous robots have attracted more and more attention from the robotics community due to their high degree of flexibility and pliability, and have shown great potential for application in a variety of fields. With the continuous progress of material science, control technology, and artificial intelligence, the performance and application range of soft robotics have been further expanded, in which the cable drive has the advantages of large workspace, high flexibility, etc. The cable-driven soft robotic arm serves as an ultra-redundant robot that can operate in cramped and confined environments. In this paper, a cable-driven soft robot based on soft continuums and a cross gimbal is presented. The kinematics of the cable-driven soft robot is modeled and the mapping relations of the kinematics are solved by the D–H method and piecewise constant curvature, and the relations between the cable length, joint angle, and pose are further derived. Finally, the motion space of the cable-driven soft robot in the three-dimensional coordinate system is obtained by MATLAB2021b, and the single-segment soft body is simulated and analyzed using ADAMS to compare the theoretical data with the actual data and verify the reliability of this structure and method.
An Optimization Method for Manned/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Collaborative Operation System Architecture Based on PGQNSGA-II
Authors: Wang Xinyao , Cao Yunfeng
Published: December 2024

The architecture of the Manned/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Collaborative Operation System (MAV/UAV COS) is crucial for improving combat effectiveness and resource utilization efficiency. Optimizing this architecture involves managing complex, interdependent components, which presents a constrained multi-objective optimization challenge. Initially, the elements of the MAV/UAV COS architecture were analyzed and formally expressed, transforming the architecture optimization problem into a multi-objective optimization problem, with the objectives of maximizing total system effectiveness, command-and-control performance, and system execution performance. Constraints were formulated based on mission and payload information. Subsequently, a Quantum Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm based on Preference Guidance (PGQNSGA-II) was developed, incorporating an adaptive quantum gate mechanism based on preference information to enhance chromosome updating, ensuring that the probability amplitude of quantum bits aligns more closely with the optimal chromosome. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed PGQNSGA-II algorithm significantly enhances the global search capability and efficiency compared to traditional quantum genetic algorithms, making it well-suited for optimizing MAV/UAV COS architectures.
Brassinolide Promotes the Growth of Zanthixylum schinifolium by Improving Photosynthetic Efficiency and Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Liang Huaru , Yang Ying , Li Xiaoxue , Hu Liu , Sun Chong , Liu Xia , Wei Lijuan , Zhu Jin
Published: December 2024

As a plant growth regulator, brassinolide (BL) is essential for enhancing plant growth and development. Studies on how BL affects the growth and development of prickly ash (Zanthixylum schinifolium) are scarce, nevertheless. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate how Z. schinifolium growth and development were affected by the application of BL (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mg/L). According to the results, the 0.4 mg/L BL treatment had improved the plant height and leaf length after 30 days of treatment, which was displayed in an increase of 8.75% and 20.48%, respectively, when compared to the control (distilled water). On day 30, Z. schinifolium’s basal diameter, leaf breadth, compound leaf length, and leaf weight all rose noticeably after treatment with 0.4 mg/L BL. Furthermore, the 0.4 mg/L BL treatment raised the levels of osmotic substances (proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein) and photosynthesis parameters (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, PSII, Fv/Fm, NPQ, and qP) in Z. schinifolium compared to the control. It also decreased the levels of malonaldehyde, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD, SOD, CAT, and APX), and increased the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants (ASA and GSH). Accordingly, these findings implied that BL might be crucial in fostering Z. schinifolium growth and development by boosting antioxidant capacity, decreasing malonaldehyde concentration, preserving water balance, and improving photosynthesis.
Development of Functional Molecular Markers for Viviparous Germination Resistance in Rice
Authors: Lee So-Myeong , Kwon Youngho , Kim Sung-Ryul , Kang Ju-Won , Park Hyeonjin , Cha Jin-Kyung , Park Dong-Soo , Cho Jun-Hyun , Kim Woojae , Eom Gyu-Hyeon , Lee Jong-Hee
Published: December 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa) plays a pivotal role in global food security. Understanding the genetics of rice cultivation is crucial, particularly for traits such as viviparous germination, which significantly influences germination and yield. Our research aimed to elucidate the genetic and molecular mechanisms by which the Sdr4 gene influences viviparous germination and to develop novel molecular markers for this gene to enhance breeding strategies against viviparous germination. In all, 683 rice cultivars and 100 F2 plants were used for viviparous germination and genetic analysis using KASP (Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR) and agarose gel-based markers related to viviparous germination tolerance. We developed and used a polymorphic agarose gel-based marker and a KASP marker targeting the Sdr4 gene. A genetic analysis of field-grown rice cultivars and the F2 population revealed that the two markers on Sdr4 were functional for the genomic selection of SNPs and InDels related to dormancy. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.74, p-value = 3.31 × 10−8) between the Sdr4-IND KASP marker genotype and viviparous germination rate demonstrated a significant positive correlation, supporting the marker’s utility for selecting rice varieties with diminished viviparous germination. This insight serves as a critical theoretical foundation for breeding strategies for developing early-maturing rice varieties with enhanced resistance to viviparous germination, addressing pivotal challenges in rice cultivation, and ensuring food security.
Malt Barley Yield and Quality Response to Crop Water Stress Index
Authors: King Bradley , Rogers Christopher , Tarkalson David , Bjorneberg David
Published: December 2024

Malt barley is a crucial irrigated crop in the semi-arid Western United States, where the states of Idaho, Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah account for 92% of the irrigated production acreage and 30% of total U.S. production. In this region, spring malt barley’s seasonal evapotranspiration ranges from 400 to 650 mm, and competition for limited water supplies, coupled with drought, is straining regional water resources. This study aimed to investigate the use of canopy temperature for deficit irrigation scheduling of malt barley. Specifically, the objectives were to use data-driven models to estimate well-watered (TLL) and non-transpiring (TUL) canopy temperatures, correlate the crop water stress index (CWSI) with malt barley yield and quality measures, and assess the applicability of CWSI for malt barley irrigation scheduling in a semi-arid climate. A 3-year field study was conducted with five irrigation treatments relative to estimated crop evapotranspiration (full, 75%, 50%, 25%, and no irrigation) and four replicates each. Continuous canopy temperature measurements and meteorological data were collected, and a feedforward neural network model was used to predict TLL, while a physical model was used to estimate TUL. The neural network model accurately predicted TLL, with a strong correlation (R2 = 0.99), a root mean square error of 0.89 °C, and a mean absolute error of 0.70 °C. Significant differences in calculated season-average CWSI were observed between the irrigation treatments, and relative evapotranspiration, malt barley relative yield, test weight, and plump kernels were negatively correlated with the season-average CWSI, while seed protein was positively correlated. The relationship between daily CWSI and fraction of available soil water was well described by an exponential decay function (R2 = 0.72). These results demonstrate the applicability of data-driven models for computing CWSI of irrigated spring malt barley in a semi-arid environment and their ability to assess plant water stress and predict crop yield and quality response from CWSI.