bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Development and Characterization of Composite Membranes Based on Hybrid Bacterial Cellulose Combined with Glycerol and Vegetable Residues for the Preservation of Fresh Fruit and Food
Authors: Anh Nguyen Tuan , Nguyen Xuan Huy , Van Ngo Thuy
Published: May 2024

This study aims to develop a biocompatible and bioactive food‐packaging composite film material. The material is based on bacterial cellulose (BC) microfibers from coconut jelly biomass combined with olive oil as a carrier of antibacterial properties. A composite membrane was fabricated with 20%, 30%, and 40 wt % glycerol and separately impregnated with 1%, 2%, and 3 wt % olive oil in the presence of BC. The results of SEM image structure and morphology show that the membrane was successfully fabricated with uniform distribution of BC, without losing its natural structure. The film was initially applied to preserve apples, and the research results showed that the mass index did not change significantly (ranging from 1.13 to 5.1 g); the hardness through the bearing test results showed a decrease. The preservation time of the composite membranes, which are based on bacterial cellulose combined with glycerol and vegetable residues, extends up to 20 days. The membrane with the highest concentration of vitamin C is soaked in BC/glycerol 30%/olive oil 2% membrane and the lowest is soaked in BC membrane.
Global Well-Posedness and Convergence Results to a 3D Regularized Boussinesq System in Sobolev Spaces
Authors: Selmi Ridha , Almutairi Shahah
Published: May 2024

We consider a regularized periodic three-dimensional Boussinesq system. For a mean free initial temperature, we use the coupling between the velocity and temperature to close the energy estimates independently of time. This allows proving the existence of a global in time unique weak solution. Also, we establish that this solution depends continuously on the initial data. Moreover, we prove that this solution converges to a Leray-Hopf weak solution of the three-dimensional Boussinesq system as the regularizing parameter vanishes.
Does Point-of-Care Ultrasound Affect Fluid Resuscitation Volume in Patients with Septic Shock: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Ablordeppey Enyo A. , Zhao Amy , Ruggeri Jeffery , Hassan Ahmad , Wallace Laura , Agarwal Mansi , Stickles Sean P. , Holthaus Christopher , Theodoro Daniel
Published: May 2024

Background. Fixed, large volume resuscitation with intravenous fluids (IVFs) in septic shock can cause inadvertent hypervolemia, increased medical interventions, and death when unguided by point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). The primary study objective was to evaluate whether total IVF volume differs for emergency department (ED) septic shock patients receiving POCUS versus no POCUS. Methods. We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study from 7/1/2018 to 8/31/2021 of atraumatic adult ED patients with septic shock. We agreed upon a priori variables and defined septic shock as lactate ≥4 and hypotension (SBP <90 or MAP <65). A sample size of 300 patients would provide 85% power to detect an IVF difference of 500 milliliters between POCUS and non-POCUS cohorts. Data are reported as frequencies, median (IQR), and associations from bivariate logistic models. Results. 304 patients met criteria and 26% (78/304) underwent POCUS. Cardiac POCUS demonstrated reduced ejection fraction in 15.4% of patients. Lung ultrasound showed normal findings in 53% of patients. The POCUS vs. non-POCUS cohorts had statistically significant differences for the following variables: higher median lactate (6.7 [IQR 5.2–8.7] vs. 5.6], p=0.003), lower systolic blood pressure (77.5 [IQR 61–86] vs. 85.0, p<0.001), more vasopressor use (51% vs. 34%, p=0.006), and more positive pressure ventilation (38% vs. 24%, p=0.017). However, there were no statistically significant differences between POCUS and non-POCUS cohorts in total IVF volume ml/kg (33.02 vs. 32.1, p=0.47), new oxygen requirement (68% vs. 59%, p=0.16), ED death (3% vs. 4%, p=0.15), or hospital death (31% vs. 27%, p=0.48). There were similar distributions of lactate, total fluids, and vasopressors in patients with CHF and severe renal failure. Conclusions. Among ED patients with septic shock, POCUS was more likely to be used in sicker patients. Patients who had POCUS were given similar volume of crystalloids although these patients were more critically ill. There were no differences in new oxygen requirement or mortality in the POCUS group compared to the non-POCUS group.
Carbonation Resistance of Cement-Based Materials Improved by Nitrite
Authors: Zhang Hao , Cheng Luqing , Pan Jingsheng , Xu Guodong , Shen Xuyan , Mu Song , Cai Jingshun , Liu Jianzhong , Hong Jinxiang , Yang Zhiqiang , Yi Zhonglai , Li Huajian , Zhou Ying
Published: May 2024

Carbonation resistance ability is one of the most important durability-related proprieties of cement-based materials. Through the carbonation depth experiment, isothermal conduction calorimetry, XRD, BET, and water vapor sorption, the effect of calcium nitrite (Ca(NO3)2) on the carbonation properties of cement-based materials is obtained. The result indicates that the addition of Ca(NO3)2 improves the carbonation resistance property of cement-based materials if the hydration of cement pastes and microstructure is modified earlier without affecting the late hydration process. In addition, the refined pores and higher tortuosity cut down the channels, thereby impeding the ingress of carbon dioxide gas into cementitious materials, as confirmed by BET and water vapor sorption. The Ca(NO3)2 exhibits high performance in improving the carbonation resistance and extending the life of strengthened concrete.
Antibody–Drug Conjugate Sacituzumab Govitecan Enables a Sequential TOP1/PARP Inhibitor Therapy Strategy in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Bardia Aditya , Sun Sheng , Thimmiah Nayana , Coates James T. , Wu Bogang , Abelman Rachel O. , Spring Laura , Moy Beverly , Ryan Phoebe , Melkonyan Mark N. , Partridge Ann , Juric Dejan , Peppercorn Jeffrey , Parsons Heather , Wander Seth A. , Attaya Victoria , Lormil Brenda , Shellock Maria , Nagayama Aiko , Bossuyt Veerle , Isakoff Steven J. , Tolaney Sara M. , Ellisen Leif W.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) sacituzumab govitecan (SG) comprises the topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) inhibitor (TOP1i) SN-38, coupled to a monoclonal antibody targeting trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP-2). Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition may synergize with TOP1i and SG, but previous studies combining systemic PARP and TOP1 inhibitors failed due to dose-limiting myelosuppression. Here, we assess the proof-of-mechanism and clinical feasibility for SG and talazoparib (TZP) employing an innovative sequential dosing schedule.

Patients and Methods:

In vitro models tested pharmacodynamic endpoints, and in a phase 1b clinical trial (NCT04039230), 30 patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) received SG and TZP in a concurrent (N = 7) or sequential (N = 23) schedule. Outcome measures included safety, tolerability, preliminary efficacy, and establishment of a recommended phase 2 dose.

Results:

We hypothesized that tumor-selective delivery of TOP1i via SG would reduce nontumor toxicity and create a temporal window, enabling sequential dosing of SG and PARP inhibition. In vitro, sequential SG followed by TZP delayed TOP1 cleavage complex clearance, increased DNA damage, and promoted apoptosis. In the clinical trial, sequential SG/TZP successfully met primary objectives and demonstrated median progression-free survival (PFS) of 7.6 months without dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), while concurrent dosing yielded 2.3 months PFS and multiple DLTs including severe myelosuppression.

Conclusions:

While SG dosed concurrently with TZP is not tolerated clinically due to an insufficient therapeutic window, sequential dosing of SG followed by TZP proved a viable strategy. These findings support further clinical development of the combination and suggest that ADC-based therapy may facilitate novel, mechanism-based dosing strategies.
FIGURE 5 from Humanized Patient-derived Xenograft Models of Disseminated Ovarian Cancer Recapitulate Key Aspects of the Tumor Immune Environment within the Peritoneal Cavity
Authors: Steinkamp Mara P. , Lagutina Irina , Brayer Kathryn J. , Schultz Fred , Burke Danielle , Pankratz Vernon S. , Adams Sarah F. , Hudson Laurie G. , Ness Scott A. , Wandinger-Ness Angela
Published: May 2024

Detection of Human TILs in huNBSGW PDX tumor sections. A, Tumor sections from huPDX were labeled for human T-cell markers CD3, CD4, and CD8. Shown are scanned images of labeled sections at 20× magnification. Representative images are shown for huPDX3 and huPDX18. For huPDX9, the image shown is a rare group of TILs in a mostly negative section to show that the rare T cells were being labeled. Scale bar, 100 μm. B, Quantification of the number of TILs using HALO software. Values are reported as no. of positive cells/100,000 cells. The box plots indicate the mean, minimum, and maximum. Black dots indicate values for each tumor analyzed (n = 2–3).
TABLE 2 from LP-184, a Novel Acylfulvene Molecule, Exhibits Anticancer Activity against Diverse Solid Tumors with Homologous Recombination Deficiency
Authors: Kulkarni Aditya , Zhou Jianli , Biyani Neha , Kathad Umesh , Banerjee Partha P. , Srivastava Shiv , Prucsi Zsombor , Solarczyk Kamil , Bhatia Kishor , Ewesuedo Reginald B. , Sharma Panna
Published: May 2024

LP-184 IC50 in LMS cell lines. IC50 was calculated from 72-hour cell viability assay. PTGR1 RNA expression was retrieved from the DepMap Public 23Q2 Primary Files. HR activity of these cell lines was reported in ref. 34
TABLE 1 from LP-184, a Novel Acylfulvene Molecule, Exhibits Anticancer Activity against Diverse Solid Tumors with Homologous Recombination Deficiency
Authors: Kulkarni Aditya , Zhou Jianli , Biyani Neha , Kathad Umesh , Banerjee Partha P. , Srivastava Shiv , Prucsi Zsombor , Solarczyk Kamil , Bhatia Kishor , Ewesuedo Reginald B. , Sharma Panna
Published: May 2024

LP-184 is effective in patient-derived solid tumor models. LP-184 ex vivo potency in a 5-day cell proliferation assay compared with olaparib in a panel of HRD patient-derived tumor graft models representing multiple solid tumor types
Supplementary Table S3 from LP-184, a Novel Acylfulvene Molecule, Exhibits Anticancer Activity against Diverse Solid Tumors with Homologous Recombination Deficiency
Authors: Kulkarni Aditya , Zhou Jianli , Biyani Neha , Kathad Umesh , Banerjee Partha P. , Srivastava Shiv , Prucsi Zsombor , Solarczyk Kamil , Bhatia Kishor , Ewesuedo Reginald B. , Sharma Panna
Published: May 2024

Table S3 shows LP-184 IC50s in normal cells
Supplementary Table S1 from LP-184, a Novel Acylfulvene Molecule, Exhibits Anticancer Activity against Diverse Solid Tumors with Homologous Recombination Deficiency
Authors: Kulkarni Aditya , Zhou Jianli , Biyani Neha , Kathad Umesh , Banerjee Partha P. , Srivastava Shiv , Prucsi Zsombor , Solarczyk Kamil , Bhatia Kishor , Ewesuedo Reginald B. , Sharma Panna
Published: May 2024

Table S1 shows fold changes in DNA damage markers following LP-184 treatment in vitro
Supplementary Figure S5 from LP-184, a Novel Acylfulvene Molecule, Exhibits Anticancer Activity against Diverse Solid Tumors with Homologous Recombination Deficiency
Authors: Kulkarni Aditya , Zhou Jianli , Biyani Neha , Kathad Umesh , Banerjee Partha P. , Srivastava Shiv , Prucsi Zsombor , Solarczyk Kamil , Bhatia Kishor , Ewesuedo Reginald B. , Sharma Panna
Published: May 2024

Figure S5 shows the in vivo tumor response in a TNBC PDX model to LP-184 in combination with Olaparib
Supplementary Figure S4 from LP-184, a Novel Acylfulvene Molecule, Exhibits Anticancer Activity against Diverse Solid Tumors with Homologous Recombination Deficiency
Authors: Kulkarni Aditya , Zhou Jianli , Biyani Neha , Kathad Umesh , Banerjee Partha P. , Srivastava Shiv , Prucsi Zsombor , Solarczyk Kamil , Bhatia Kishor , Ewesuedo Reginald B. , Sharma Panna
Published: May 2024

Figure S4 shows the in vivo tumor response in 8 TNBC PDX models to LP-184 single agent
Data from LP-184, a Novel Acylfulvene Molecule, Exhibits Anticancer Activity against Diverse Solid Tumors with Homologous Recombination Deficiency
Authors: Kulkarni Aditya , Zhou Jianli , Biyani Neha , Kathad Umesh , Banerjee Partha P. , Srivastava Shiv , Prucsi Zsombor , Solarczyk Kamil , Bhatia Kishor , Ewesuedo Reginald B. , Sharma Panna
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR)-related gene alterations are present in a significant subset of prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreatic, lung, and colon cancers rendering these tumors as potential responders to specific DNA damaging agents. A small molecule acylfulvene prodrug, LP-184, metabolizes to an active compound by the oxidoreductase activity of enzyme prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1), which is frequently elevated in multiple solid tumor types. Prior work demonstrated that cancer cell lines deficient in a spectrum of DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway genes show increased susceptibility to LP-184. Here, we investigated the potential of LP-184 in targeting multiple tumors with impaired HR function and its mechanism of action as a DNA damaging agent. LP-184 induced elevated DNA double-strand breaks in HR deficient (HRD) cancer cells. Depletion of key HR components BRCA2 or ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) in cancer cells conferred up to 12-fold increased sensitivity to the LP-184. LP-184 showed nanomolar potency in a diverse range of HRD cancer models, including prostate cancer organoids, leiomyosarcoma cell lines, and patient-derived tumor graft models of lung, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. LP-184 demonstrated complete, durable tumor regression in 10 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of HRD triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) including those resistant to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). LP-184 further displayed strong synergy with PARPi in ovarian and prostate cancer cell lines as well as in TNBC PDX models. These preclinical findings illustrate the potential of LP-184 as a pan-HRD cancer therapeutic. Taken together, our results support continued clinical evaluation of LP-184 in a large subset of HRD solid tumors.
Significance:
New agents with activity against DDR-deficient solid tumors refractory to standard-of-care therapies are needed. We report multiple findings supporting the potential for LP-184, a novel alkylating agent with three FDA orphan drug designations, to fill this void clinically: strong nanomolar potency; sustained, durable regression of solid tumor xenografts; synthetic lethality with HR defects. LP-184 adult phase IA trial to assess safety in advanced solid tumors is ongoing.
Pan-Cancer Interrogation of B7-H3 (CD276) as an Actionable Therapeutic Target Across Human Malignancies
Authors: Miller Carly D. , Lozada John R. , Zorko Nicholas A. , Elliott Andrew , Makovec Allison , Radovich Milan , Heath Elisabeth I. , Agarwal Neeraj , Mckay Rana R. , Garje Rohan , Bastos Bruno R. , Hoon Dave S.B. , Orme Jacob J. , Sartor Oliver , VanderWalde Ari , Nabhan Chadi , Sledge George , Shenderov Eugene , Dehm Scott M. , Lou Emil , Miller Jeffrey S. , Hwang Justin H. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S.
Published: May 2024

B7-H3 (CD276) is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the B7 immune checkpoint superfamily that has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. To better understand the applicability of B7-H3–directed therapies, we analyzed 156,791 samples comprising 50 cancer types to interrogate the clinical, genomic, transcriptomic, and immunologic correlates of B7-H3 mRNA expression. DNA (592-gene/whole-exome) and RNA (whole-transcriptome) sequencing was performed from samples submitted to Caris Life Sciences. B7-H3 high versus low expression was based on top and bottom quartiles for each cancer type. Patients’ overall survival was determined from insurance claims data. Pathway analysis was performed using gene set enrichment analyses. Immune cell fractions were inferred using quanTIseq. B7-H3 is expressed across several human malignancies including prostate, pancreatic, ovarian, and lung cancers. High B7-H3 expression is associated with differences in overall survival, possibly indicating a prognostic role of B7-H3 for some cancers. When examining molecular features across all cancer types, we did not identify recurrent associations between B7-H3 expression and genetic alterations in TP53, RB1, and KRAS. However, we find consistent enrichment of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, Wnt, TGFβ, and Notch signaling pathways. In addition, tumors with high B7-H3 expression are associated with greater proportions of M1 macrophages, but lower fractions of CD8+ T cells. We have begun to define the genomic, transcriptomic, clinical, and immunologic features associated with B7-H3 expression in 50 cancer types. We report novel clinical and molecular features of B7-H3–high tumors which may inform how current B7-H3 therapeutics should be deployed and prioritized.

Significance:

B7-H3–targeting therapeutics have shown promising results in initial clinical trials. In this pan-cancer analysis of B7-H3 mRNA expression, we found that B7-H3 exhibits robust expression in many common cancer types. These results may inform further development of B7-H3–targeting therapeutics and may guide clinical decisions for patients with limited treatment options.
Use of Deep Learning to Evaluate Tumor Microenvironmental Features for Prediction of Colon Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Sinicrope Frank A. , Nelson Garth D. , Saberzadeh-Ardestani Bahar , Segovia Diana I. , Graham Rondell P. , Wu Christina , Hagen Catherine E. , Shivji Sameer , Savage Paul , Buchanan Dan D. , Jenkins Mark A. , Phipps Amanda I. , Swallow Carol , LeMarchand Loic , Gallinger Steven , Grant Robert C. , Pai Reetesh K. , Sinicrope Stephen N. , Yan Dongyao , Shanmugam Kandavel , Conner James , Cyr David P. , Kirsch Richard , Banerjee Imon , Alberts Steve R. , Shi Qian , Pai Rish K.
Published: May 2024

Deep learning may detect biologically important signals embedded in tumor morphologic features that confer distinct prognoses. Tumor morphologic features were quantified to enhance patient risk stratification within DNA mismatch repair (MMR) groups using deep learning. Using a quantitative segmentation algorithm (QuantCRC) that identifies 15 distinct morphologic features, we analyzed 402 resected stage III colon carcinomas [191 deficient (d)-MMR; 189 proficient (p)-MMR] from participants in a phase III trial of FOLFOX-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Results were validated in an independent cohort (176 d-MMR; 1,094 p-MMR). Association of morphologic features with clinicopathologic variables, MMR, KRAS, BRAFV600E, and time-to-recurrence (TTR) was determined. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were developed to predict TTR. Tumor morphologic features differed significantly by MMR status. Cancers with p-MMR had more immature desmoplastic stroma. Tumors with d-MMR had increased inflammatory stroma, epithelial tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), high-grade histology, mucin, and signet ring cells. Stromal subtype did not differ by BRAFV600E or KRAS status. In p-MMR tumors, multivariable analysis identified tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) as the strongest feature associated with TTR [HRadj 2.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14–3.57; P = 0.018; 3-year recurrence: 40.2% vs. 20.4%; Q1 vs. Q2–4]. Among d-MMR tumors, extent of inflammatory stroma (continuous HRadj 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; P = 0.028; 3-year recurrence: 13.3% vs. 33.4%, Q4 vs. Q1) and N stage were the most robust prognostically. Association of TSR with TTR was independently validated. In conclusion, QuantCRC can quantify morphologic differences within MMR groups in routine tumor sections to determine their relative contributions to patient prognosis, and may elucidate relevant pathophysiologic mechanisms driving prognosis.

Significance:

A deep learning algorithm can quantify tumor morphologic features that may reflect underlying mechanisms driving prognosis within MMR groups. TSR was the most robust morphologic feature associated with TTR in p-MMR colon cancers. Extent of inflammatory stroma and N stage were the strongest prognostic features in d-MMR tumors. TIL density was not independently prognostic in either MMR group.
Relationship of TAPSE Normalized by Right Ventricular Area With Pulmonary Compliance, Exercise Capacity, and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Tao Ran , Dharmavaram Naga , El Shaer Ahmed , Heffernan Shannon , Tu Wanxin , Ma James , Garcia-Arango Mariana , Baber Aurangzeb , Dhingra Ravi , Runo James , Masri S. Carolina , Rahko Peter , Raza Farhan
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

While tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) captures the predominant longitudinal motion of the right ventricle (RV), it does not account for ventricular morphology and radial motion changes in various forms of pulmonary hypertension. This study aims to account for both longitudinal and radial motions by dividing TAPSE by RV area and to assess its clinical significance.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective analysis of 71 subjects with New York Heart Association class II to III dyspnea who underwent echocardiogram and invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (which defined 4 hemodynamic groups: control, isolated postcapillary pulmonary hypertension, combined postcapillary pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary arterial hypertension). On the echocardiogram, TAPSE was divided by RV area in diastole (TAPSE/RVA-D) and systole (TAPSE/RVA-S). Analyses included correlations (Pearson and linear regression), receiver operating characteristic, and survival curves.

RESULTS:

On linear regression analysis, TAPSE/RVA metrics (versus TAPSE) had a stronger correlation with pulmonary artery compliance (r=0.48–0.54 versus 0.38) and peak VO
2
percentage predicted (0.23–0.30 versus 0.18). Based on the receiver operating characteristic analysis, pulmonary artery compliance ≥3 mL/mm Hg was identified by TAPSE/RVA-D with an under the curve (AUC) of 0.79 (optimal cutoff ≥1.1) and by TAPSE/RVA-S with an AUC of 0.83 (optimal cutoff ≥1.5), but by TAPSE with only an AUC of 0.67. Similarly, to identify peak VO
2
<50% predicted, AUC of 0.66 for TAPSE/RVA-D and AUC of 0.65 for TAPSE/RVA-S. Death or cardiovascular hospitalization at 12 months was associated with TAPSE/RVA-D ≥1.1 (HR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.11–0.56]) and TAPSE/RVA-S ≥1.5 (HR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.16–0.78]), while TAPSE was not associated with adverse outcomes (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.53–1.94]). Among 31 subjects with available cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, RV ejection fraction was better correlated with novel metrics (TAPSE/RVA-D r=0.378 and TAPSE/RVA-S r=0.328) than TAPSE (r=0.082).

CONCLUSIONS:

In a broad cohort with suspected pulmonary hypertension, TAPSE divided by RV area was superior to TAPSE alone in correlations with pulmonary compliance and exercise capacity. As a prognostic marker of right heart function, TAPSE/RVA-D <1.1 and TAPSE/RVA-S <1.5 predicted adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Adducin Regulates Sarcomere Disassembly During Cardiomyocyte Mitosis
Authors: Xiao Feng , Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Nhi , Wang Ping , Li Shujuan , Hsu Ching-Cheng , Thet Suwannee , Kimura Wataru , Luo Xiang , Lam Nicholas T. , Menendez-Montes Ivan , Elhelaly Waleed M. , Cardoso Alisson Campos , Pereira Ana Helena Macedo , Singh Rohit , Sadayappan Sakthivel , Kanchwala Mohammed , Xing Chao , Ladha Feria A. , Hinson J. Travis , Hajjar Roger J. , Hill Joseph A. , Sadek Hesham A.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Recent interest in understanding cardiomyocyte cell cycle has been driven by potential therapeutic applications in cardiomyopathy. However, despite recent advances, cardiomyocyte mitosis remains a poorly understood process. For example, it is unclear how sarcomeres are disassembled during mitosis to allow the abscission of daughter cardiomyocytes.

METHODS:

Here, we use a proteomics screen to identify adducin, an actin capping protein previously not studied in cardiomyocytes, as a regulator of sarcomere disassembly. We generated many adeno-associated viruses and cardiomyocyte-specific genetic gain-of-function models to examine the role of adducin in neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo.

RESULTS:

We identify adducin as a regulator of sarcomere disassembly during mammalian cardiomyocyte mitosis. α/γ-adducins are selectively expressed in neonatal mitotic cardiomyocytes, and their levels decline precipitously thereafter. Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of various splice isoforms and phospho-isoforms of α-adducin in vitro and in vivo identified Thr445/Thr480 phosphorylation of a short isoform of α-adducin as a potent inducer of neonatal cardiomyocyte sarcomere disassembly. Concomitant overexpression of this α-adducin variant along with γ-adducin resulted in stabilization of the adducin complex and persistent sarcomere disassembly in adult mice, which is mediated by interaction with α-actinin.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results highlight an important mechanism for coordinating cytoskeletal morphological changes during cardiomyocyte mitosis.
Raising State Minimum Wages, Lowering Community College Enrollment
Authors: Schanzenbach Diane Whitmore , Turner Julia A. , Turner Sarah
Published: May 2024

Changes in the minimum wage may impact college enrollment and educational attainment. Using institutional data on college enrollment and program completion, we find that enrollment falls markedly among students at public two-year institutions in response to increases in the minimum wage. The largest enrollment effects are seen for those students who are enrolled part-time at community colleges. We find little evidence of negative effects on the attainment of certificates or degrees, suggesting that increases in the minimum wage are unlikely to divert students from degree attainment.
KoBBQ: Korean Bias Benchmark for Question Answering
Authors: Jin Jiho , Kim Jiseon , Lee Nayeon , Yoo Haneul , Oh Alice , Lee Hwaran
Published: May 2024

Warning: This paper contains examples of stereotypes and biases.

The Bias Benchmark for Question Answering (BBQ) is designed to evaluate social biases of language models (LMs), but it is not simple to adapt this benchmark to cultural contexts other than the US because social biases depend heavily on the cultural context. In this paper, we present KoBBQ, a Korean bias benchmark dataset, and we propose a general framework that addresses considerations for cultural adaptation of a dataset. Our framework includes partitioning the BBQ dataset into three classes—Simply-Transferred (can be used directly after cultural translation), Target-Modified (requires localization in target groups), and Sample-Removed (does not fit Korean culture)—and adding four new categories of bias specific to Korean culture. We conduct a large-scale survey to collect and validate the social biases and the targets of the biases that reflect the stereotypes in Korean culture. The resulting KoBBQ dataset comprises 268 templates and 76,048 samples across 12 categories of social bias. We use KoBBQ to measure the accuracy and bias scores of several state-of-the-art multilingual LMs. The results clearly show differences in the bias of LMs as measured by KoBBQ and a machine-translated version of BBQ, demonstrating the need for and utility of a well-constructed, culturally aware social bias benchmark.
Climate Models Indicate Compensating Effects between Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols on the 2022 Central Andes Spring Drought
Authors: Kam Jonghun , Min Seung-Ki , Kim Byeong-Hee , Kim Yeon-Hee , Diaz Leandro B. , Kug Jong-Seong , Park Rokjin
Published: May 2024

CMIP6 simulations showed a weak human contribution to 2022-like Central Andes spring droughts, due to compensating impacts between anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols.
Evaporation Driven by Atmospheric Boundary Layer Processes over a Shallow Saltwater Lagoon in the Altiplano
Authors: Aguirre-Correa Francisca , de Arellano Jordi Vilà-Guerau , Ronda Reinder , Lobos-Roco Felipe , Suárez Francisco , Hartogensis Oscar
Published: May 2024

Observations over a saltwater lagoon in the Altiplano show that evaporation E is triggered at noon, concurrent to the transition of a shallow, stable atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) into a deep mixed layer. We investigate the coupling between the ABL and E drivers using a land–atmosphere conceptual model, observations, and a regional model. Additionally, we analyze the ABL interaction with the aerodynamic and radiative components of evaporation using the Penman equation adapted to saltwater. Our results demonstrate that nonlocal processes are dominant in driving E. In the morning, the ABL is controlled by the local advection of warm air (∼5 K h−1), which results in a shallow (<350 m), stable ABL, with virtually no mixing and no E (<50 W m−2). The warm-air advection ultimately connects the ABL with the residual layer above, increasing the ABL height h by ∼1 km. At midday, a thermally driven regional flow arrives to the lagoon, which first advects a deeper ABL from the surrounding desert (∼1500 m h−1) that leads to an extra ∼700-m h increase. The regional flow also causes an increase in wind (∼12 m s−1) and an ABL collapse due to the entrance of cold air (∼−2 K h−1) with a shallower ABL (∼−350 m h−1). The turbulence produced by the wind decreases the aerodynamic resistance and mixes the water body releasing the energy previously stored in the lake. The ABL feedback on E through vapor pressure enables high evaporation values (∼450 W m−2 at 1430 LT). These results contribute to the understanding of E of water bodies in semiarid conditions and emphasize the importance of understanding ABL processes when describing evaporation drivers.
Struggles over Resource Access in Rural Tanzania: Claiming for Recognition in a Community-Based Forest Conservation Intervention
Authors: Mabele Mathew Bukhi , Müller-Böker Ulrike
Published: May 2024

This article draws insights from access, claim-making and critical environmental justice scholarships to reveal how community-based conservation (CBC) may provide strategic openings for marginalised individuals to claim recognition. Empirically, we ground it in the context of a Sustainable Charcoal Project in rural Kilosa, Tanzania. In our study villages, Ihombwe and Ulaya Mbuyuni, the project provided an opening for the marginalised to claim recognition based on contested migration-and-settlement histories. These histories produced intra-community differentiation as firstcomers (mis)used the project for political domination, cultural status and material benefits. When the project opened governance spaces, latecomers embraced CBC institutions and processes as strategic openings to contest their marginalisation and claim for recognition. We suggest that CBC may produce political benefits where (mal)recognition of rights to resource access occurs as some people hold a sense of belonging more to the land than others.
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists professional practice guidelines for the administration of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Hussain Salam , Chamoli Suneel , Fitzgerald Paul , Gandhi Ashu , Gill Shane , Sarma Shanthi , Loo Colleen
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

To provide guidance for the optimal administration of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, based on scientific evidence and supplemented by expert clinical consensus.

Methods:

Articles and information were sourced from existing guidelines and published literature. The findings were then formulated into consensus-based recommendations and guidance by the authors. The guidelines were subjected to rigorous successive consultation within the RANZCP, involving the Section of ECT and Neurostimulation (SEN) Committee, its broader membership and expert committees.

Results:

The RANZCP professional practice guidelines (PPG) for the administration of rTMS provide up-to-date advice regarding the use of rTMS in clinical practice. The guidelines are intended for use by psychiatrists and non-psychiatrists engaged in the administration of rTMS to facilitate best practice to optimise outcomes for patients. The guidelines strive to find the appropriate balance between promoting best evidence-based practice and acknowledging that evidence for rTMS use is a continually evolving.

Conclusion:

The guidelines provide up-to-date advice for psychiatrists and non-psychiatrists to promote optimal standards of rTMS practice.
Understanding China’s Grand Strategy through the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Omprasad Gadde
Published: May 2024

China’s transition from a country striving for self-reliance in the 1950s to the world’s dominant power in the 2020s is remarkable. The economic and foreign policies it followed during various phases of development helped the country to achieve the targets and goals that it set up for itself. The ambitious Belt and Road Initiative by President Xi Jinping to rebuild old Silk routes and to build new connectivity projects containing road, rail and sea transport corridors are a part of China’s Grand Strategy of achieving self-sufficiency of up to 70% in advanced technology sectors by 2025 and reaching a preeminent position in the world by 2049. This includes protecting security interests as well as the flow of energy resources required for a steady progress. The article provides an overview of China’s progress and plans from Mao’s regime to Xi Jinping’s presidency. In the process, it explains China’s changed priorities, interests and how foreign policy changed according to the changing economic policies.
The Alternative Narrative: When Digital Learning Worked During the Pandemic
Authors: Drost Bryan R. , Levine Anita C.
Published: May 2024

From late spring of 2020 to the present, the U.S. educational conversation about learning in K-12 public schools during the pandemic has been about the fact that students did not learn as much, widening the achievement gap due to digital learning. Some K-12 public schools and school districts have reported no learning loss. This exploratory study examined elements shared by teachers, administrators, and parents that accounted for potential reasons why these individual K-12 public school districts did not experience the learning loss during digital learning that has been at the center stage of the narrative about educational experiences during the pandemic. Analysis of the results showed four elements that were central to these school districts’ experiences: having an instructional framework; determining a clear pedagogical function; connecting technology to the pedagogical function; capitalizing on formative assessments. Data also revealed that the participants tended to believe that a focus on pedagogy before technology integration was crucial.
Sports nationalism and xenophobia: When cheering turns into violence
Authors: Pinto Gabriele
Published: May 2024

International football matches are among the highest manifestations of national pride and unity that a country can have in peaceful times. However, some anecdotal evidence suggests that when things go wrong (e.g. when the national team loses), the euphoria surrounding these events can easily turn into xenophobic outbursts. We propose a conceptual framework and an empirical analysis to explain whether sports nationalism can fuel xenophobic behavior and attacks against immigrants. Leveraging on new soccer data from Germany and quasi-experimental econometric techniques, we show the existence of a causal nexus between the national team’s performance in prominent international competitions and shifts in nationalist tendencies and xenophobic behaviors against immigrants. In the immediate days following a defeat of the German national team, there is a significant increase in the number of attacks against immigrants in the country. The opposite happens following a victory. Through a variety of robustness tests and different specifications, we show that the effect is specific to attacks against immigrants and not due to a general increase in violent behavior observed in other studies. Finally, we investigate potential underlying mechanisms by looking at the effect of football matches on reported mood and attitudes against immigrants.
Safe Food Supply Chain as Health Network: An Evolutionary Game Analysis of Behavior Strategy for Quality Investment
Authors: Wu Linhai , Ling Zhiyuan , Zhang Jingxiang , Dai Xiaoting , Chen Xiujuan
Published: May 2024

There is a natural relation between human health and the quality of their food and drinks, and elevating the quality input level of food production for all enterprises within the food supply chain system forms the foundation for preventing various potential food safety risks that may be encountered. Unlike the previous research on quality investment of food production by enterprises, this paper probes into the evolutionary routes of the behavior strategy selection of subjects in the food supply chain and the preconditions for the equilibrium points of the social co-governance system. It takes the approach of establishing a tripartite evolutionary game model of food suppliers, food manufacturers and consumers on the basis of the social co-governance framework, in view of the above, this paper focuses on the influence of the reputation mechanism and the market contracts among supply chain subjects on the selection of a behavior strategy for quality investment by enterprises under the condition of lawful regulation by government. The results show that every subject selects their own behavior strategy on the basis of the balance of their respective interests. The net disbursement incurred by enterprises for quality investment and the costs of participation in governance by consumers constitute the dominant factors that influence both enterprises’ selection of a behavior strategy and the level of social co-governance. Compared with the increase in economic punishment imposed on suppliers for production of risky food raw materials, it is more efficient to control food safety risks by lowering the costs of quality investment by suppliers. Accordingly, this paper proposes advice on policy in an attempt to provide inspiration for preventing and controlling food safety risks.
The Active Form of Security: Technology and the Material-aesthetic Script
Authors: Austin Jonathan Luke , Leander Anna
Published: May 2024

How are socially and politically controversial security practices materially-technologically scripted into our lives in ever-deeper ways? This essay proposes that acts of aesthetic design are at the heart of that process and are being deployed by technology corporations to “smooth” the diffusion of security practices, discourses, and politics across global space. To substantiate that claim, we make three moves. First, we propose an understanding of the “script” that returns to the roots of the concept in theater and the arts. That understanding stresses that our material-technological enmeshing is governed strongly by aesthetic and affective factors that operate through forms of resonance (rather that reason). In consequence—we argue—much of the power of technology conglomerates is linked to their capacity to harness these aesthetico-affective resonances. Second, we demonstrate this through a case study focused on the material-aesthetic design activities of Google, teasing out how it deploys aesthetic practices to extend its sociopolitical power. Third, we speculatively conclude by introducing the architect Keller Easterling’s concept of “active form” to show how conceptualizing scripts in aesthetic terms also provides insights into how security practices are diffused across global contexts, irrelevant contextual sociopolitical differences, and seemingly without any limit.
Cognitive testing of the Children’s Palliative Outcome Scale (C-POS) with children, young people and their parents/carers
Authors: Coombes Lucy , Braybrook Debbie , Harðardóttir Daney , Scott Hannah May , Bristowe Katherine , Ellis-Smith Clare , Fraser Lorna K , Downing Julia , Bluebond-Langner Myra , Murtagh Fliss EM , Harding Richard
Published: May 2024

Background:

The Children’s Palliative Outcome Scale (C-POS) is being developed using best methodological guidance on outcome measure development, This recommends cognitive testing, an established method of item improvement, prior to psychometric testing.

Aim:

To cognitively test C-POS within the target population to establish comprehensibility, comprehensiveness, relevance and acceptability.

Design:

Cross-sectional cognitive interview study following COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology and Rothrock guidance on outcome measure development. Cognitive interviews were conducted using ‘think aloud’ and verbal probing techniques.

Setting/participants:

Children 5–⩽17 years old with life-limiting conditions and parents/carers of children with life-limiting conditions were recruited from 14 UK sites.

Results:

Forty-eight individuals participated (36 parents; 12 children) in cognitively testing the five versions of C-POS over two to seven rounds. Content and length were acceptable, and all questions were considered important. Refinements were made to parent/carer versions to be inclusive of non-verbal children such as changing ‘share’ to ‘express’ feelings; and ‘being able to ask questions’ to ‘having the appropriate information’. Changes to improve comprehensibility of items such as ‘living life to the fullest’ were also made. Parents reported that completing an outcome measure can be distressing but this is anticipated and that being asked is important.

Conclusion:

Cognitive interviewing has facilitated refinement of the C-POS, especially for non-verbal children who represent a large proportion of those with a life-limiting condition. This study has enhanced the face and content validity of the measure and provided preliminary evidence for acceptability for use in routine practice.
“It's never going to end”: Experiences of residents recovering in damaged dwellings after superstorm sandy
Authors: Wolfe Rachel , Siebeneck Laura K , Schumann Ronald
Published: May 2024

Recovering from a disaster while simultaneously living in a barely habitable home poses significant challenges for residents. Although the process of recovering in-situ is common following hurricanes, it remains understudied in the disaster science literature. This study explores this experience through the examination of two primary questions. First, given its inherent challenges, why do residents live in their significantly damaged dwellings during recovery? Second, what is the nature of this experience, physically, emotionally, and perceptually? This article explores the experiences of ten Hurricane Sandy (2012) survivors who undertook housing recovery while living in barely habitable dwellings. Data were gathered from focus groups conducted with Superstorm Sandy Survivors from New Jersey five years after the hurricane. An inductive qualitative content analysis was used to understand housing recovery processes from the perspectives of residents recovering in situ. Findings examine the physical, emotional, and perceptual nature of this experience, highlighting reasons why households recover in-situ, the hazards and vulnerabilities associated with that experience, and the elusive nature of emotional recovery. This study contributes to the growing body of literature surrounding recovery experiences, and it introduces valuable insights into the challenges that survivors face while recovering in-situ.
The characteristics of the implicit body model of the trunk
Authors: Pratt Simon , Wand Benedict M. , Hince Dana A. , Travers Mervyn J. , Schneider Lee , Kelly Sara , Gibson William
Published: May 2024

Knowing where the body is in space requires reference to a stored model of the size and shape of body parts, termed the body model. This study sought to investigate the characteristics of the implicit body model of the trunk by assessing the position sense of midline and lateral body landmarks. Sixty-nine healthy participants localised midline and lateral body landmarks on their thorax, waist and hips, with perceived positions of these landmarks compared to actual positions. This study demonstrates evidence of a significant distortion of the implicit body model of the trunk, presenting as a squatter trunk, wider at the waist and hips. A significant difference was found between perceived and actual location in the horizontal ( x) and vertical ( y) directions for the majority of trunk landmarks. Evidence of a rightward bias was noted in the perception of six of the nine body landmarks in the horizontal ( x) direction, including all midline levels. In the vertical ( y) direction, a substantial inferior bias was evident at the thorax and waist. The implicit body model of the trunk is shown to be distorted, with the lumbar spine (waist-to-hip region) held to be shorter and wider than reality.
Consensus recommendations on the role of nurses in headache care: A European e-Delphi study
Authors: Rasmussen Annette Vangaa , Jensen Rigmor Hoejland , Gantenbein Andres , Sumelahti Marja-Liisa , Braschinsky Mark , Lagrata Susie , Tamela Kristi , Trouerbach-Kraan Jennifer , Matharu Manjit S. , Dalevi Veronica , Smits-Kimman Hanneke , Munksgaard Signe Bruun , Tröndle Johannes , Eriksen Maren Østergaard , Gravdahl Gøril Bruvik , Larsen Camilla Nellemann , Tomkins Esther , Hassinen Marja , Øie Lise Rystad , Karlsson Leena Eklund , Mose Louise Schlosser
Published: May 2024

Background

Nurses work at headache centres throughout Europe, and their care for migraine patients is acknowledged. However, the specific roles and tasks of nursing vary, and a unified understanding is lacking, posing challenges to knowledge sharing and research.

Objectives

Using an e-Delphi study method, the objective is to obtain healthcare professional headache experts’ opinions on nursing-specific roles and tasks and combine this into consensus statements for nurse recommendations for migraine treatment.

Methods

A three-round questionnaire study was conducted with nurses and neurologists from 18 specialised headache centres in 10 countries. In round 1, statements were compiled from a systematic examination of existing literature and expert opinions. In rounds 2 and 3, the experts rated the importance of statements (from round 1) on a 5-point Likert scale. Statements were analysed using a content analysis method, and the consensus of pre-defined statements was evaluated with gradually increased predetermined criteria using descriptive statistics.

Results

Twenty-one experts, representing all 10 countries, participated. The predetermined consensus of ≥70% agreement was reached for 42 out of the initial 63 statements. These statements formed the final recommendations within two themes: “The nurses’ roles and tasks in the clinical setting” and “The nurses’ roles and tasks in educating patients and colleagues.” The consensus level of statements was strong, with 40% receiving unanimous agreement (100%) and 97% achieving relatively high agreement (>80%).

Conclusion

Nursing plays a vital role with diverse tasks in migraine care. This study offers practical recommendations and a framework for nurses, equipping them with a clinical tool to enhance care and promote a coordinated approach to migraine treatment.