bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzoxazinones from 2-Arylindoles with (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene as the Sole Oxidant
Authors: Li Xu-Qin , Shang Xian-Xing , Vu Huu-Manh
Published: October 2017

A series of synthetically interesting 2-arylbenzoxazinones was prepared from 2-arylindoles by an efficient oxidative reaction mediated by (diacetoxyiodo)benzene [PhI(OAc)2] and assisted by water. PhI(OAc)2 was used as the sole oxidant and water was a crucial additive. Our preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest that a water-involved, iodine(III)-promoted sequential oxidation of 2-arylindoles, which was terminated by an interesting Grob-type fragmentation of a fused tricyclic precursor, might be the main components of this one-pot transformation.
Selective Synthesis of 2- and 7-Substituted Indole Derivatives via Chelation-Assisted Metallocarbenoid C–H Bond Functionalization
Authors: Osipov Sergey , Vorobyeva Daria
Published: October 2017

Functionally substituted indole derivatives are important intermediates for the synthesis of new potential drug candidates exhibiting strong bioactivities. Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in the direct C–H functionalization of the indole ring through the usage of metal-catalyzed intermolecular cross-coupling with diazo compounds. Directing group strategy provides a unique possibility for selective insertion of carbenes catalytically generated from diazo compounds into challenging indole C2–H and C7–H bonds. This short review summarizes recent advances in carbenoid functionalization of indole derivatives under chelation-controlled metal catalysis.

1 Introduction

2 Indole C2 Alkylation with α-Diazotized Meldrum’s Acid

3 Indole C2 Alkylation with Diazomalonate Derivatives and Related Compounds

4 Indole C7 Alkylation with Diazomalonates and Related Compounds

5 Tandem Indole C2–H Alkylation/Cyclization

6 Indoline C7 Alkylation with Diazomalonates and Related Compounds

7 Tandem Indoline C7–H Alkylation/Cyclization

8 Conclusion
NSAR, Coxibe und Steroide: Wann und wie sollten Magen und Darm geschützt werden?
Authors: Gross Manfred
Published: October 2017

Nicht-steroidale Antirheumatika (NSAR) haben ein hohes Risiko für gastrointestinale Komplikationen wie Ulzera, Ulkusblutungen oder Perforationen. Zudem verspüren 25-30% der Patienten Oberbauchbeschwerden (Dyspepsie). Die PPI-Komedikation zu einem NSAR kann die Rate an Ulzera, Blutungen und sonstigen Komplikationen sowie die Dyspepsierate senken. Ein anderer Ansatz zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit der Therapie ist die Verschreibung eines Cox-2-spezifischen NSAR (Coxib). Unter Coxiben treten seltener gastrointestinale Komplikationen einer NSAR-Therapie auf.

Die beiden präventiven Strategien, PPI-Komedikation zu einem nichtselektiven NSAR (nsNSAR) oder der Einsatz eines Coxibs, sind etwa gleich effektiv in der Verhinderung von symptomatischen Ulzera oder Ulkuskomplikationen (Blutung, Perforation). Coxibe verursachen seltener eine Anämie als die Kombination nsNSASR plus PPI. Die Kombination hingegen verursacht seltener dyspeptische Beschwerden als Coxib. Die Leitlinien empfehlen die PPI-Komedikation oder die Verschreibung eines Coxibs bei Patienten mit einem erhöhten gastrointestinalen Risiko. Hierzu gehören alle Patienten ab dem 65. Lebensjahr, Patienten mit einer Ulkusanamnese, Helicobacter pylori-Infektion, schweren Allgemeinerkrankung oder bei Komedikation mit Glucocorticoiden, gerinnungsaktiven Substanzen (Antikoagulation oder Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer) oder selektiven Serotonin-Reuptake-Inhibitoren (SSRI). Bei sehr hohem Risiko (Zusammentreffen mehrerer der genannten Risikofaktoren) ist die Kombination aus Coxib und PPI-Komedikation zu empfehlen.

Eine erfolgreiche Helicobacter-Eradikationstherapie senkt signifikant das Ulkusrisiko unter NSAR. Die aktuelle Leitlinie der deutschen gastroenterologischen Fachgesellschaft empfiehlt eine Helicobacter-Diagnostik und gegebenenfalls Therapie vor einer NSAR-Therapie bei allen Patienten mit Ulkusanamnese. Bei einem Ulkus oder Blutung unter NSAR soll ebenfalls eine Helicobacter-Diagnostik und gegebenenfalls eine Therapie erfolgen. Steroide als Monotherapie stellen nur ein geringes Ulkusrisiko dar, eine PPI-Prophylaxe wird nicht generell empfohlen. In der Kombination mit ASS oder NSAR steigt das Ulkusrisiko jedoch stark an und es sollte eine Ulkusprophylaxe durch PPI-Komedikation erfolgen.
Klangschalenbehandlung bei Chemotherapie-induzierter peripherer Polyneuropathie
Authors: Friesecke Iris , Walter Jana-Christin , Rostock Matthias
Published: October 2017

Tumorpatienten, die zur Entspannungsförderung mit einer Klangschalenbehandlung therapiert worden waren, hatten wiederholt über eine Besserung
ihrer Beschwerden durch eine Chemotherapie induzierte periphere Polyneuropathie (CIPN) berichtet. Vor diesem Hintergrund führten wir eine
unkontrollierte prospektive Beobachtungsstudie mit Patienten durch, die unter einer CIPN litten. Diese erhielten einmalig eine
Klangschalenbehandlung. Sämtliche Patienten beschrieben eine subjektive Besserung ihrer Beschwerden, bei 10 von 20 Patienten für bis zu 3
Tage anhaltend. Diese vielversprechenden Ergebnisse sollten in einem Folgeprojekt, möglichst in Form einer randomisierten kontrollierten
Studie mit längerfristiger Therapiephase weiter überprüft werden.
Biologisch-integrative Medizin: klinische Fallberichte bei onkologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Reute Uwe R. M.
Published: October 2017

Die Behandlung von Krebspatienten in einem integrativen Kontext stellt für naturheilkundliche Therapeuten eine Herausforderung einerseits und
hohe Verantwortung andererseits dar. Doppelblindstudien, insbesondere bei palliativen Therapien, erscheinen realitätsfremd, sodass
Erfahrungen nur über Fallanalysen möglich werden. Naturheilkundlich-biologische Behandlungen werden in der Klinik im LEBEN individuell und
personifiziert nach einer zusätzlichen funktionellen Diagnostik für den Patienten ausgewählt. Dieses ganzheitlich-individuelle
Therapiemodell stellt den integrativen Ansatz der Einbindung der biologischen Verfahren in die Standardtherapie zum Nutzen des Patienten
dar. Besondere Bedeutung haben neben der Fiebertherapie die Lösung und Behandlung psychisch-emotionaler Zustände, die zu innerem Stress
führen und somit die Regulation und eine mögliche Selbstheilung oder Spontanheilung verhindern.
Electrically detected magnetic resonance of carbon dangling bonds at the Si-face 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface
Authors: Gruber G. , Cottom J. , Meszaros R. , Koch M. , Pobegen G. , Aichinger T. , Peters D. , Hadley P.
Published: October 2017

SiC based metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) have gained a significant importance in power electronics applications. However, electrically active defects at the SiC/SiO2 interface degrade the ideal behavior of the devices. The relevant microscopic defects can be identified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR). This helps to decide which changes to the fabrication process will likely lead to further increases of device performance and reliability. EDMR measurements have shown very similar dominant hyperfine (HF) spectra in differently processed MOSFETs although some discrepancies were observed in the measured g-factors. Here, the HF spectra measured of different SiC MOSFETs are compared, and it is argued that the same dominant defect is present in all devices. A comparison of the data with simulated spectra of the C dangling bond (PbC) center and the silicon vacancy (VSi) demonstrates that the PbC center is a more suitable candidate to explain the observed HF spectra.
Dynamic characteristics of large scale spark bubbles close to different boundaries
Authors: Zhang S. , Zhang A. M. , Wang S. P. , Cui J.
Published: October 2017

Experiments on the pulsation of the high-voltage electrical-spark bubbles near different boundaries are conducted by means of high-speed photography. Some intriguing details are observed clearly, such as the formation of the jet (especially the contact jet formed when a bubble is quite close to the rigid boundary) and bubble splitting. The variation of the maximum radius of the bubble, bubble period, jet tip velocity, and bubble center migration is investigated with the presence of different boundaries. In the study of the bubble period, two fitting curves are obtained from the data by the author and previous references; one is for the bubble generated beneath the free surface and the other is for the bubble generated above the rigid boundary. In the study of the maximum jet tip velocity, a possible trend line is proposed to describe the variation of the jet tip velocity with γb (the non-dimensional standoff distance from the bubble center to the rigid boundary). Finally, the critical value of γb is studied, at which the migration of the bubble center is inverted.
Vibration mode and vibration shape under excitation of a three phase model transformer core
Authors: Okabe Seiji , Ishigaki Yusuke , Omura Takeshi
Published: October 2017

Structural vibration characteristics and vibration shapes under three-phase excitation of a archetype transformer core were investigated to consider their influences on transformer noise. Acoustic noise and vibration behavior were measured in a three-limb model transformer core. Experimental modal analysis by impact test was performed. The vibration shapes were measured by a laser scanning vibrometer at different exciting frequencies. Vibration amplitude of the core in out-of-plane direction were relatively larger than those in other two in-plane directions. It was consistent with the result that the frequency response function of the core in out-of-plane direction was larger by about 20 dB or more than those in in-plane directions. There were many vibration modes having bending deformation of limbs in out-of-plane direction. The vibration shapes of the core when excited at 50 Hz and 60 Hz were almost the same because the fundamental frequencies of the vibration were not close to the resonance frequencies. When excitation frequency was 69 Hz which was half of one of the resonance frequencies, the vibration shape changed to the one similar to the resonance vibration mode. Existence of many vibration modes in out-of-plane direction of the core was presumed to be a reason why frequency characteristics of magnetostriction and transformer noise do not coincide.
Scanning diamond NV center probes compatible with conventional AFM technology
Authors: Zhou Tony X. , Stöhr Rainer J. , Yacoby Amir
Published: October 2017

Scanning probe microscopy using nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond has become a versatile tool with applications in physics, chemistry, life sciences, and earth and planetary sciences. However, the fabrication of diamond scanning probes with high photon collection efficiency, NV centers with long coherence times, and integrated radio frequency (RF) remains challenging due to the small physical dimensions of the probes and the complexity of the fabrication techniques. In this work, we present a simple and robust method to reliably fabricate probes that can be integrated with conventional quartz tuning fork based sensors as well as commercial silicon AFM cantilevers. An integrated RF micro-antenna for NV center spin manipulation is directly fabricated onto the probe making the design versatile and compatible with virtually all AFM instruments. This integration marks a complete sensor package for NV center-based magnetometry and opens up this scanning probe technique to the broader scientific community.
Charge transport in quantum dot organic solar cells with Si quantum dots sandwiched between poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) absorber and bathocuproine (BCP) transport layers
Authors: Verma Upendra Kumar , Kumar Brijesh
Published: October 2017

We have modeled a multilayer quantum dot organic solar cell that explores the current-voltage characteristic of the solar cell whose characteristics can be tuned by varying the fabrication parameters of the quantum dots (QDs). The modeled device consists of a hole transport layer (HTL) which doubles up as photon absorbing layer, several quantum dot layers, and an electron transport layer (ETL). The conduction of charge carriers in HTL and ETL has been modeled by the drift-diffusion transport mechanism. The conduction and recombination in the quantum dot layers are described by a system of coupled rate equations incorporating tunneling and bimolecular recombination. Analysis of QD-solar cells shows improved device performance compared to the similar bilayer and trilayer device structures without QDs. Keeping other design parameters constant, solar cell characteristics can be controlled by the quantum dot layers. Bimolecular recombination coefficient of quantum dots is a prime factor which controls the open circuit voltage (VOC) without any significant reduction in short circuit current (JSC).
Unraveling delocalized electrons in metal induced gap states from second harmonics
Authors: Gao Zhengning , Hussain Mallik M. R. , de Ceglia Domenico , Vincenti Maria A. , Sarangan Andrew , Agha Imad , Scalora Michael , Haus Joseph W. , Banerjee Parag
Published: October 2017

Second harmonic generation from Au-Al2O3 interfaces is analyzed to estimate the density of delocalized electrons occupying metal induced gap states (MIGS). Laser light of wavelength 810 nm is incident on an Au substrate and the second harmonic at 405 nm is monitored, where the area fraction of Al2O3 coverage on Au is precisely controlled via atomic layer deposition—from no coverage to full coverage. Extensive electromagnetic simulations are performed using a phenomenological model containing a dimensionless MIGS factor “α,” to represent the strength of the delocalized electrons in MIGS in attenuating the second harmonic signal. By fitting the model to experimental data, an α = 0.13 is obtained leading to a room temperature, areal density of delocalized electrons of (3.53 ± 0.4) × 1014 cm−2 for the Au-Al2O3 interface and representing a 44% occupancy of MIGS.
Self-diffusion in single crystalline silicon nanowires
Authors: Südkamp T. , Hamdana G. , Descoins M. , Mangelinck D. , Wasisto H. S. , Peiner E. , Bracht H.
Published: October 2017

Self-diffusion experiments in single crystalline isotopically controlled silicon nanowires with diameters of 70 and 400 nm at 850 and 1000 °C are reported. The isotope structures were first epitaxially grown on top of silicon substrate wafers. Nanowires were subsequently fabricated using a nanosphere lithography process in combination with inductively coupled plasma dry reactive ion etching. Three-dimensional profiling of the nanosized structure before and after diffusion annealing was performed by means of atom probe tomography (APT). Self-diffusion profiles obtained from APT analyses are accurately described by Fick's law for self-diffusion. Data obtained for silicon self-diffusion in nanowires are equal to the results reported for bulk silicon crystals, i.e., finite size effects and high surface-to-volume ratios do not significantly affect silicon self-diffusion. This shows that the properties of native point defects determined from self-diffusion in bulk crystals also hold for nanosized silicon structures with diameters down to 70 nm.
Development of dielectric elastomer nanocomposites as stretchable actuating materials
Authors: Wang Yu , Sun L. Z.
Published: October 2017

Dielectric elastomer nanocomposites (DENCs) filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes are developed. The electromechanical responses of DENCs to applied electric fields are investigated through laser Doppler vibrometry. It is found that a small amount of carbon nanotube fillers can effectively enhance the electromechanical performance of DENCs. The enhanced electromechanical properties have shown not only that the desired thickness strain can be achieved with reduced required electric fields but also that significantly large thickness strain can be obtained with any electric fields compared to pristine dielectric elastomers.
Cryogenic plasma-processed silicon microspikes as a high-performance anode material for lithium ion-batteries
Authors: Sakai Joe , Luais Erwann , Wolfman Jérôme , Tillocher Thomas , Dussart Rémi , Tran-Van Francois , Ghamouss Fouad
Published: October 2017

Micro- or nano-structuring is essential in order to use Si as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. In the present study, we attempted to use Si wafers with a spiky microstructure (SMS), the so-called black-Si, prepared by a cryogenic reactive ion etching process with an SF6/O2 gas mixture, for Li half-cells. The SMS with various sizes of spikes from 2.0 μm (height) × 0.2 μm (width) to 21 μm × 1.0 μm was etched by varying the SF6/O2 gas flow ratio. An anode of SMS of 11 μm-height in average showed stable charge/discharge capacity and Coulombic efficiency higher than 99% for more than 300 cycles, causing no destruction to any part of the Si wafer. The spiky structure turned columnar after cycles, suggesting graded lithiation levels along the length. The present results suggest a strategy to utilize a wafer-based Si material for an anode of a lithium ion battery durable against repetitive lithiation/delithiation cycles.
Device design-enabled Schottky barrier height extraction for nanoFETs based on the 1D Landauer-Büttiker equation
Authors: Pacheco-Sanchez Anibal , Claus Martin
Published: October 2017

A Schottky barrier height extraction method for one dimensional nanoFETs based on the Landauer-Büttiker equation and a transistor architecture with a displaced gate is presented. In contrast to the conventional activation energy method developed for 3D material interfaces, the proposed extraction method eases the identification of the flat-band voltage and thus the Schottky barrier height. The methodology is applied to simulation data of single-tube carbon nanotube field-effect transistors feasible for manufacturing and to experimental data of nanoFETs. In both cases, the results with the proposed methodology turn out to be closer to the reference values than the ones obtained with the conventional method.
Optical and structural study of deformation states in the GaN/AlN superlattices
Authors: Kolomys Oleksandr , Tsykaniuk Bogdan , Strelchuk Viktor , Naumov Andrey , Kladko Vasyl , Mazur Yuriy I. , Ware Morgan E. , Li Shibin , Kuchuk Andrian , Maidaniuk Yurii , Benamara Mourad , Belyaev Alexander , Salamo Gregory J.
Published: October 2017

We report on the effect of strain on the optical and structural properties of 5-, 10-, and 20-period GaN/AlN superlattices (SLs) deposited by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The deformation state in SLs has been studied by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction, and micro-Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and photoluminescence spectroscopy. HRTEM images showed that the structural quality of the SL layers is significantly improved and the interfaces become very sharp on the atomic level with an increase of the SL periods. A combined analysis through XRD, Raman, and FTIR reflectance spectroscopy found that with increasing number of SL periods, the strain in the GaN quantum wells (QWs) increases and the AlN barrier is relaxed. Based on the dependence of the frequency shift of the E2High and E1TO Raman and IR modes on the deformation in the layers, the values of the biaxial stress coefficients as well as the phonon deformation potentials of these modes in both GaN and AlN were determined. With increasing number of SL periods, the QW emission considerably redshifted in the range lower than the GaN band gap due to the quantum confined Stark effect. The influence of strain obtained by the XRD, Raman, and FTIR spectra on the structural parameters and QW emission of GaN/AlN SLs with different numbers of periods is discussed.
Grain-size dependent electric-field induced structural changes and its role in determining the piezoelectric response of 0–3 piezoceramic-polymer composite
Authors: Mahale Bhoopesh , Pandey Rishikesh , Kumar Naveen , Ranjan Rajeev
Published: October 2017

Polymer-piezoceramic 0–3 composites combine the flexibility of polymers and the excellent piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric based ceramics. While the grain size of ceramic powder is one of the important considerations in the fabrication of such composites, a correlation relating poling field induced structural changes and its possible influence on the overall piezoelectric response of the composite is still lacking. In this paper, we examine this issue on a 0–3 piezo-composite comprising ceramic powders of a low-lead piezoelectric alloy (x)Bi(Ni1/2Zr1/2O3-(1-x)PbTiO3 in the proximity of its morphotropic phase boundary and polyvinylidene fluoride as the polymer component. Composites were fabricated by fixing the volume fraction of the ceramic while varying the grain size. We found a non-monotonic variation in the piezo-response as a function of grain size. Structural analysis before and after poling of the piezo-composites revealed evidence of poling induced cubic-like to tetragonal irreversible transformation, the extent of which is dependent on the grain size. Our findings suggest that the non-monotonic grain size dependence of the composite's piezoelectric response is associated with inducing a coexistence of long ranged and short ranged ferroelectric domains in the ferroelectric grains of the composite by the poling field. Our observations contradict a conjecture reported in the past, which attributed a similar non-monotonic grain size dependent piezoelectric behavior to the larger grains becoming off-stoichiometric.
Communication: Master equations for electron transport: The limits of the Markovian limit
Authors: Elenewski Justin E. , Gruss Daniel , Zwolak Michael
Published: October 2017

Master equations are increasingly popular for the simulation of time-dependent electronic transport in nanoscale devices. Several recent Markovian approaches use “extended reservoirs”—explicit degrees of freedom associated with the electrodes—distinguishing them from many previous classes of master equations. Starting from a Lindblad equation, we develop a common foundation for these approaches. Due to the incorporation of explicit electrode states, these methods do not require a large bias or even “true Markovianity” of the reservoirs. Nonetheless, their predictions are only physically relevant when the Markovian relaxation is weaker than the thermal broadening and when the extended reservoirs are “sufficiently large,” in a sense that we quantify. These considerations hold despite complete positivity and respect for Pauli exclusion at any relaxation strength.
Electrostatics and quantum efficiency simulations of asymmetrically contacted carbon nanotube photodetector
Authors: Guo Xiao , Wang Sheng , Peng Lian-Mao
Published: October 2017

Electrostatic properties of asymmetrically contacted carbon nanotube barrier-free bipolar diode photodetector are studied by solving the Poisson equation self-consistently with equilibrium carrier statistics. For electric field parallel to tube’s axis, the maximum electric field occurs near contact but decays rapidly in a few nanometers, followed by a slowly increasing trend when it extends to the center of channel. By considering the field ionization and the diffusion effect of exciton, a model of estimation on quantum efficiency for the device is made. We find that the quantum efficiency increases with increasing exciton lifetime, decreasing diffusion constant and channel length. For devices with a channel length shorter than 50 nm, the contribution of field ionization to the quantum efficiency can reach 60%.
A study of a terahertz gyrotron traveling-wave amplifier
Authors: Yeh Y. S. , Hung C. L. , Chang T. H. , Zheng C. Y. , Kao W. J. , Chiang P. Y. , Chen Y. C.
Published: October 2017

Terahertz gyrotrons in harmonic operation offer the magnetic-field reduction, but they can also still easily generate various competing modes that operate at low harmonics. In this paper, an injection-locking technique for phase control and spectral purity is employed to enhance the operating modes and suppress the competing modes in gyrotrons. The simulation results, using a multi-mode time-independent code, show that gyrotrons driven by backward or forward waves cannot avoid mode competition wherever the input power increases. To avoid the fundamental harmonic competing mode, a second-harmonic gyrotron traveling-wave amplifier (gyro-TWA) with a severed section is used instead of the driven gyrotrons. The gyro-TWA operates at a slightly low external magnetic field and has a uniform interaction structure. The simulation results reveal that the fundamental harmonic TE3,5 competing mode does not occur at Ib< 4.2 A; meanwhile, the second-harmonic TE8,9-mode gyro-TWA can yield a stable output power. The amplification of waves in a gyro-TWA depends on the lengths of the sections. The simulated results, in particular, show that the output power depends on the length of the interaction section, in contrast to those of the drive or sever sections. A stable second-harmonic gyro-TWA is predicted to yield a peak output power of 6.9 kW at 888.7 GHz with an efficiency of 8%, a saturated gain of 45 dB and a bandwidth of 0.7 GHz for a 30-kV, 3-A electron beam with an axial velocity spread of 10%.
Electronic energy transfer through non-adiabatic vibrational-electronic resonance. I. Theory for a dimer
Authors: Tiwari Vivek , Peters William K. , Jonas David M.
Published: October 2017

Non-adiabatic vibrational-electronic resonance in the excited electronic states of natural photosynthetic antennas drastically alters the adiabatic framework, in which electronic energy transfer has been conventionally studied, and suggests the possibility of exploiting non-adiabatic dynamics for directed energy transfer. Here, a generalized dimer model incorporates asymmetries between pigments, coupling to the environment, and the doubly excited state relevant for nonlinear spectroscopy. For this generalized dimer model, the vibrational tuning vector that drives energy transfer is derived and connected to decoherence between singly excited states. A correlation vector is connected to decoherence between the ground state and the doubly excited state. Optical decoherence between the ground and singly excited states involves linear combinations of the correlation and tuning vectors. Excitonic coupling modifies the tuning vector. The correlation and tuning vectors are not always orthogonal, and both can be asymmetric under pigment exchange, which affects energy transfer. For equal pigment vibrational frequencies, the nonadiabatic tuning vector becomes an anti-correlated delocalized linear combination of intramolecular vibrations of the two pigments, and the nonadiabatic energy transfer dynamics become separable. With exchange symmetry, the correlation and tuning vectors become delocalized intramolecular vibrations that are symmetric and antisymmetric under pigment exchange. Diabatic criteria for vibrational-excitonic resonance demonstrate that anti-correlated vibrations increase the range and speed of vibronically resonant energy transfer (the Golden Rule rate is a factor of 2 faster). A partial trace analysis shows that vibronic decoherence for a vibrational-excitonic resonance between two excitons is slower than their purely excitonic decoherence.
Multi-Gbit/s optical phase chaos communications using a time-delayed optoelectronic oscillator with a three-wave interferometer nonlinearity
Authors: Oden Jérémy , Lavrov Roman , Chembo Yanne K. , Larger Laurent
Published: October 2017

We propose a chaos communication scheme based on a chaotic optical phase carrier generated with an optoelectronic oscillator with nonlinear time-delay feedback. The system includes a dedicated non-local nonlinearity, which is a customized three-wave imbalanced interferometer. This particular feature increases the complexity of the chaotic waveform and thus the security of the transmitted information, as these interferometers are characterized by four independent parameters which are part of the secret key for the chaos encryption scheme. We first analyze the route to chaos in the system, and evidence a sequence of period doubling bifurcations from the steady-state to fully developed chaos. Then, in the chaotic regime, we study the synchronization between the emitter and the receiver, and achieve chaotic carrier cancellation with a signal-to-noise ratio up to 20 dB. We finally demonstrate error-free chaos communications at a data rate of 3 Gbit/s.
Drifting cavity solitons and dissipative rogue waves induced by time-delayed feedback in Kerr optical frequency comb and in all fiber cavities
Authors: Tlidi Mustapha , Panajotov Krassimir , Ferré Michel , Clerc Marcel G.
Published: October 2017

Time-delayed feedback plays an important role in the dynamics of spatially extended systems. In this contribution, we consider the generic Lugiato-Lefever model with delay feedback that describes Kerr optical frequency comb in all fiber cavities. We show that the delay feedback strongly impacts the spatiotemporal dynamical behavior resulting from modulational instability by (i) reducing the threshold associated with modulational instability and by (ii) decreasing the critical frequency at the onset of this instability. We show that for moderate input intensities it is possible to generate drifting cavity solitons with an asymmetric radiation emitted from the soliton tails. Finally, we characterize the formation of rogue waves induced by the delay feedback.
Planar, solitary, and spiral waves of the Burgers-CGL equations for flames governed by a sequential reaction
Authors: Guo Changhong , Fang Shaomei
Published: October 2017

This paper studied the planar, solitary, and spiral waves of the coupled Burgers-complex Ginzburg-Landau (Burgers-CGL) equations, which were derived from the nonlinear evolution of the coupled long-scale oscillatory and monotonic instabilities of a uniformly propagating combustion wave governed by a sequential chemical reaction having two flame fronts corresponding to two reaction zones with a finite separation distance between them. First, some exact solutions including the planar and solitary waves for the one-dimensional Burgers-CGL equations that are obtained by subtle transforms and the hyperbolic tangent function expansion method. Second, some spiral waves for the two-dimensional Burgers-CGL equations are investigated. The existence of the spiral waves is proved rigorously by Schauder’s fixed point theorem applied to a class of functions, and the approximate solutions are also obtained by the power series expansion method. Furthermore, some numerical simulations are carried out near 0<r<1, since the core of the spiral wave is a singular point in the view of mathematics, and the results verify the theoretical analysis.
Impact of sapphire nitridation on formation of Al-polar inversion domains in N-polar AlN epitaxial layers
Authors: Stolyarchuk N. , Markurt T. , Courville A. , March K. , Tottereau O. , Vennéguès P. , Albrecht M.
Published: October 2017

In this work, we study the basic processes during the initial stages of growth which control polarity in N-polar AlN films grown on c-plane sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. More specifically, we study the morphology and atomic structure of the films as dependent on nitridation conditions, i.e., duration and temperature, by atomic force microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy ,and high resolution high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy. Our experimental results show that beyond a critical temperature of 1000 °C in addition to an omnipresent two-dimensional aluminum-oxynitride layer, three-dimensional Al-polar AlN islands form. While the aluminum-oxynitride layer is unstable under high temperature growth conditions and results in N-polar films, Al-polar islands are stable and induce Al-polar columnar inversion domains in the N-polar AlN films. Appropriate nitridation conditions (approximately 10 minutes at T = 850 °C–950 °C) and adjustment of growth parameters (reactor pressure, NH3 flux, etc.) prevent the formation of Al-polar islands, which is essential for achieving N-polar films free of inversion domains.
A quantum information processor combination method to reduce latency with qubit readout and control
Authors: Hendricks-Sturrup Rachele
Published: October 2017

Physicists build a Quantum Digital Signal Processing (QDSP) framework and Arbitrary Pulse Sequencer 2 (APS2) envisioned for reduced-latency large-scale quantum information processor.
Molecular phylogeny of subgenus Polypompholyx (Utricularia; Lentibulariaceae) based on three plastid markers: diversification and proposal for a new section
Authors: Jobson Richard W. , Baleeiro Paulo C. , Reut Markus S.
Published: October 2017

Phylogenetic relationships among all of the 47 recognised species and 10 putative new taxa of Utricularia subgenus Polypompholyx, were assessed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses of DNA sequences representing the plastid rps16 intron, trnL–F intron and spacer regions and the trnD–T intron. We found strong jackknife and posterior-probability support for a monophyletic subgenus Polypompholyx and a sister relationship between the sections Polypompholyx+Tridentaria and Pleiochasia. Within the section Pleiochasia, are two well-supported major clades, each containing three supported clades. Our S-DIVA biogeographic analysis, using five major Australian drainage basins and New Zealand as geographic areas, estimated two early vicariance events between south-western and north-western mainland regions, corresponding with known periods of increased aridity at 15 and 6million years ago. Subsequent dispersal events were estimated between northern and south-eastern Australia, with recent dispersal of species from south-western regions to the south-east and New Zealand occurring between 4million and 1million years ago. There were 28 speciation events inferred within the north-western region, followed by 9 for the south-western and south-eastern regions, indicating that the north-western monsoonal savanna habitats are a biodiversity hotspot for the lineage. We also show the evolutionary shifts in growth habit, and show that lifecycle corresponds strongly with shifts in seasonality between temperate and monsoonal regions. On the basis of our molecular phylogenetic results and morphology, we here designate a new sectional ranking for subgenus Polypompholyx.
High rate of translocation-based gene birth on the
Drosophila
Y chromosome
Authors: Tobler Ray , Nolte Viola , Schlötterer Christian
Published: October 2017

Significance

Using a powerful method that uses inexpensive short reads to detect Y-linked transfers, we show that gene traffic onto the
Drosophila
Y chromosome is 10 times more frequent than previously thought and includes the first Y-linked retrocopies discovered in these taxa. All 25 identified Y-linked gene transfers were relatively young (<1 million years old), although most appear to be pseudogenes because only three of these transfers show signs of purifying selection. Our method provides compelling evidence that the
Drosophila
Y chromosome is a highly challenging and dynamic genetic environment that is capable of rapidly diverging between species and promises to reveal fundamental insights into Y chromosome evolution across many taxa.
Complex evolutionary footprints revealed in an analysis of reused protein segments of diverse lengths
Authors: Nepomnyachiy Sergey , Ben-Tal Nir , Kolodny Rachel
Published: October 2017

Significance

We question a central paradigm: namely, that the protein domain is the “atomic unit” of evolution. In conflict with the current textbook view, our results unequivocally show that duplication of protein segments happens both above and below the domain level among amino acid segments of diverse lengths. Indeed, we show that significant evolutionary information is lost when the protein is approached as a string of domains. Our finer-grained approach reveals a far more complicated picture, where reused segments often intertwine and overlap with each other. Our results are consistent with a recursive model of evolution, in which segments of various lengths, typically smaller than domains, “hop” between environments. The fit segments remain, leaving traces that can still be detected.
Gesture use and its role for nativeness judgements
Authors: Hooijschuur Lisa , Hilton Nanna , Loerts Hanneke
Published: October 2017

Despite the fact that gestures are seen as part of language, they are usually not included in studies of ultimate attainment and native-likeness in a second language. The aim of the present study is twofold: to give a description of the variation in gesture frequency, type and placement among different proficiency groups of Dutch learners of English, and to investigate the role that gestures play for determining nativeness of such learners. We compared gestures made by native and Dutch speakers of British English (BrE) and examined whether, and to what extent, native speakers of English use such gestures to judge nativeness. No clear differences were found between types, amounts and placements of gestures between the groups. Nor did the nativeness ratings of the three informant groups differ significantly. These results indicate that in contexts with two typologically and culturally similar languages gestures do not contribute to the perception of nativeness.
Local and global pitch perception in L1 and L2 readers of Dutch
Authors: De Jong Chiara , Postma-Nilsenova Marie , Vedder Kayleigh , Hendriks Danielle , Mos Maria , Maggiore Giuseppe
Published: October 2017

Prior research showed a relationship between reading skills and pitch perception, however the exact nature remained unclear. By means of reading tests and a pitch perception test, we examined the relation between reading abilities and local and global pitch perception for 92 native Dutch children (mean age = 9.47) and 61 non-native Dutch children (mean age = 9.61). Additionally, for the latter group we examined the role of working memory. In line with prior research with poor readers in a language with a rather transparent orthography by Ziegler, Pech-Georgel, George and Foxton (2012), a relationship is found between reading skills and the ability to detect local changes in pitch, rather than global changes in the melody. Additionally, at least for beginning readers of Dutch as a second language, there is a strong effect of working memory on the relation between reading skills and pitch perception.
Addiction to cyberspace: virtual reality gives analysts pause for the modern psyche
Authors: Tyminski Robert
Published: October 2017

Analysts have been concerned for decades about the unforeseen psychological impacts of technology. The rapid developments during the past 15 years have brought issues related to cyberspace front and center in analysis and psychotherapy. A specific question arises: what is happening to our capacity for relating openly? We now regularly see “screen time” being used 1) defensively to retreat and escape, 2) compulsively to gratify urges and impulses, and 3) addictively to quench emotional cravings. Problems with limits and recognition of separation confound the positive aspects of cyberspace. Vulnerable egos may not even realize when escapism turns into addiction. Soul can become lost in these activities, when relationships are instead transactional and technology is regarded as numinous. A case example from the author’s practice and another from the media highlight the great risks for soul in this realm of cyberspace.
Paxillin regulates cell polarization and anterograde vesicle trafficking during cell migration
Authors: Dubois Fatemeh , Alpha Kyle , Turner Christopher E.
Published: October 2017

Cell polarization and directed migration play pivotal roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Herein, we identify new roles for paxillin-mediated HDAC6 inhibition in regulating key aspects of cell polarization in both two-dimensional and one-dimensional matrix environments. Paxillin, by modulating microtubule acetylation through HDAC6 regulation, was shown to control centrosome and Golgi reorientation toward the leading edge, a hallmark of cell polarization to ensure directed trafficking of promigratory factors. Paxillin was also required for pericentrosomal Golgi localization and centrosome cohesion, independent of its localization to, and role in, focal adhesion signaling. In addition, we provide evidence of an accumulation of paxillin at the centrosome that is dependent on focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and identify an important collaboration between paxillin and FAK signaling in the modulation of microtubule acetylation, as well as centrosome and Golgi organization and polarization. Finally, paxillin was also shown to be required for optimal anterograde vesicular trafficking to the plasma membrane.
The Age Profile of Consumption and Wealth
Authors: Jappelli Tullio , Pistaferri Luigi
Published: October 2017

The life-cycle model yields a number of important empirical predictions about consumption and saving behavior. First, the growth rate of consumption depends on the difference between the expected real interest rate and the rate of time preference and varies with the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. Second, individuals seek to smooth the marginal utility of consumption over time. Third, young consumers should be accumulating resources for retirement, and hence have an adequate level of wealth at retirement. Finally, the elderly should be decumulating resources. To test these predictions, one can draw on a vast array of data on interest rates, consumption, income, and wealth. Some come from time series and national accounts, others from cross-sectional or longitudinal surveys of households. This chapter introduces stylized facts that emerge from a first examination of such data, pointing out the merits but also the drawbacks of the available sources.
Bequest Motives
Authors: Jappelli Tullio , Pistaferri Luigi
Published: October 2017

The study of bequests is crucial to distinguishing between different models of intertemporal choice. Various explanations of individual attitudes toward bequests have been proposed. In addition to altruism, the literature has considered strategic bequests, in which intergenerational transfers are a reward for services provided by the heir, and models in which bequests, like any other good, directly influence utility. We first clarify the distinction between altruistic and strategic bequest motives. Next we consider the choice between bequests and gifts. Then we derive the Euler equation when bequests are an argument of the utility function (a model with “joy of giving”). In the second part of the chapter we address the difficult issues of how to measure bequests and how to tell the different bequest motives apart empirically, and discuss the link between transfer taxes and the accumulation of wealth.
Data discovery with DATS: exemplar adoptions and lessons learned
Authors: Gonzalez-Beltran Alejandra N , Campbell John , Dunn Patrick , Guijarro Diana , Ionescu Sanda , Kim Hyeoneui , Lyle Jared , Wiser Jeffrey , Sansone Susanna-Assunta , Rocca-Serra Philippe
Published: October 2017

The DAta Tag Suite (DATS) is a model supporting dataset description, indexing, and discovery. It is available as an annotated serialization with schema.org, a vocabulary used by major search engines, thus making the datasets discoverable on the web. DATS underlies DataMed, the National Institutes of Health Big Data to Knowledge Data Discovery Index prototype, which aims to provide a “PubMed for datasets.” The experience gained while indexing a heterogeneous range of >60 repositories in DataMed helped in evaluating DATS’s entities, attributes, and scope. In this work, 3 additional exemplary and diverse data sources were mapped to DATS by their representatives or experts, offering a deep scan of DATS fitness against a new set of existing data. The procedure, including feedback from users and implementers, resulted in DATS implementation guidelines and best practices, and identification of a path for evolving and optimizing the model. Finally, the work exposed additional needs when defining datasets for indexing, especially in the context of clinical and observational information.
Debating Humanitarian Intervention
Authors: Tesón Fernando , van der Vossen Bas
Published: October 2017

The book offers contrasting views of humanitarian intervention—a war aimed at ending tyranny or violence. Fernando Tesón argues that humanitarian interventions are sometimes permissible; Bas van der Vossen argues that as a rule they are not. The authors use the tools of modern analytic philosophy, in particular just war theory, to substantiate their claims. According to Tesón, a humanitarian intervention has the same just cause as a justified revolution: ending tyranny. He analyzes the different kinds of just cause and whether or not an intervener may pursue other justified causes. For Tesón, the permissibility of humanitarian intervention is almost exclusively determined by the rules of proportionality. Bas van der Vossen, by contrast, holds that military intervention is morally impermissible in almost all cases. Justified interventions, van der Vossen argues, must have high ex ante chance of success. Analyzing the history and prospects of intervention shows that they almost never do.
Media and the Dynamics of Memory
Authors: Erll Astrid
Published: October 2017

This chapter brings together two new strands of memory studies: media memory studies and transcultural memory studies. It highlights the fundamental mediatedness of memory and explores the role of media as a motor of transcultural memory. The chapter argues that cultural memory is dynamic rather than fixed, and based on “remediation”, an ongoing process of transcription from one medium to the next. The chapter explores in particular the role that media assume in a globalizing age for individual and localized forms of remembering. Using the example of World War I, it shows how literature, film, and digital media have shaped and continue to shape historical memories across cultural boundaries. Finally, the chapter introduces the concept of “premediation” in order to describe how media-derived schemata preform new experiences, memories and their mediation.
Posthuman Rap
Authors: Burton Justin Adams
Published: October 2017

Posthuman Rap listens for the ways contemporary rap maps an existence outside the traditional boundaries of what it means to be human. Contemporary humanity is shaped in neoliberal terms, where being human means being viable in a capitalist marketplace that favors whiteness, masculinity, heterosexuality, and fixed gender identities. But musicians from Nicki Minaj to Future to Rae Sremmurd deploy queerness and sonic blackness as they imagine different ways of being human. Building on the work of Sylvia Wynter, Alexander Weheliye, Lester Spence, L.H. Stallings, and a broad swath of queer and critical race theory, Posthuman Rap turns an ear especially toward hip hop that is often read as apolitical in order to hear its posthuman possibilities, its construction of a humanity that is blacker, queerer, more feminine than the norm. While each chapter is written so that it can be sectioned off from the rest and read with a focus on the discrete argument contained in it, the chapters are not meant to be individual case studies. Rather, each builds on the previous one so that the book should best function if it is read in sequence, as a journey that lands us in a posthuman vestibule where we can party more freely and hear the music more clearly if we’ve traveled through the rest of the book to get there.