bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nectar Production in Abutilon IV. Wate'r and Solute Relations
Authors: Findlay Nele , Reed ML , Mercer FV
Published: July 2016

Nectar secreted by isolated nectaries floated on sucrose solution was of a higher total molar concentration than the medium. However, under steady-state conditions, the 8ucrose concentration was lower than that of the medium, the nectar containing glucose and fructose in addition to sucrose_ When mannitol was added to the medium the osmotic pressure of the nectar exceeded that of the medium although the total molar sugar concentration of the nectar could be somewhat less
Cell Separation in Isolated Abscission Zones
Authors: I Davenport T , Marinos NG
Published: July 2016

A technique is described for the isolation and maintenance culture of 250 p;m thick slices of the leaf abscission zone of Ooleus. Such cultures can be observed under the light microscope and a continuous photographic record of the cytological events associated with abscission can be obtained. Certain stages of the process can be accurately defined and the opportunity arises for closely correlated cytological and physiological studies by exposing the tissues to agents known to influence abscission. Some examples illustrating these points are discussed briefly
Phenolic Compounds in Wheat Flour and Dough
Authors: Gallus HPC , Jennings AC
Published: July 2016

In the large coenocytic cell of the marine green alga Chaetomorpha darwin ii, the electric potential difference, .pvo, between the vacuole and the outside seawater can have either of two distinct states, a positive, and more usual state, with .pvo = +5 mY, and a negative state with .pvo = - 29 m V. The p.d. across the plasmalemma of the cell was approximately -72 mY, and the difference between the positive and negative states occurred at the tonoplast with .pvc = + 77 m V or + 43 m V respectively. In the change from the positive state to the negative state, the electrical resistance of the plasmalemma increased from 510 to 750 n cm2 , and the resistance of the tonoplast increased from 4900 to 7100 n cm2
A Study of Wheat Roots Infected with Ophiobolus Graminis (Sacc.) Using Fluorescence and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Holland AA , Fulcher RG
Published: July 2016

Virus-like symptoms were observed on leaves of frangipani (Plurneria acutifolia Poir.) from several gardens in South Australia and New South Wales. The leaves showed chlorotic ringspots or mosaic and were often distorted (Fig. 1). As far as we are aware no viruses from frangipani have been previously isolated. This communica-tion is concerned with the isolation and characterization of an unusual strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) from frangipani.
The Absorption of Boron by Disks of Plant Storage Tissues
Authors: Wildes RA , Neales TF
Published: July 2016

Disks prepared from the storage tissues of carrot (Daucus carota) were able to absorb boron from boric acid solutions (0�1 mM). At 25�C, net influx ceased 3-4 hr after the tissue was placed in boric acid solution. At equilibrium the tissues were able to maintain an internal concentration of diffusible boron in excess of that in the external solution. Boron uptake was inhibited by anoxia, 2,4.dinitrophenol, and at 1�C; and, in the presence of these inhibitors, the equilibrium concentration of boron in the tissues only approached that in the external solution. The capacity of the tissues to accumulate boron developed 2-3 days after the beginning of a washing treatment. Boric acid (0�1 mM) in this washing solution inhibited the development of this capacity.
Effects of Self-Interaction of Ligands on Binding Processes: Studies with the Acceptors Firefly Luciferase and Thyroglobulin
Authors: Smith GD , Nichol LW
Published: July 2016

Previously presented binding theory (Nichol, Smith, and Ogston 1969),
describing the effects of ligand self-interaction on binding processes, is applied to
the description of two experimental systems, of different type. First, the theory is
used to re-examine the sigmoidal kinetic results obtained by other workers (Denburg
and DeLuca 1968) with the enzyme firefly luciferase. Denburg and DeLuca attributed
the pseudo-allosteric behaviour of the enzyme to the reversible dissociation of the
substrate: the present treatment supports the general conclusions drawn by these
workers, but considers both substrate self-interaction and binding of the substrate
to the enzyme. Secondly, the theory is used to describe the binding of the dimerizing
thyroid acid proteinase to its natural substrate, thyroglobulin. In this case the
enzyme is regarded as the ligand. It is suggested that this approach may prove
useful in describing the binding of other self-associating enzymes to their macromolecular
substrates.
Flowering in Pisum: Reciprocal Grafts Between Known Genotypes
Authors: Murfet IC
Published: July 2016

The action of the flowering genes Lf, E, and Sn was studied under short days
by reciprocal grafting between young seedlings of six pure lines of peas having
genotypes Lf E Sn, Lf e Sn, If E Sn, If e Sn, If E 8n, and If e sn.
Studies on the Regulation of Algal Growth by Gibberellin
Authors: Jennings RC
Published: July 2016

CCC and Amo.1618, at relatively high concentrations only, inhibited the
growth of excised branch apices of the red alga Hypnea musciformis. Neither GA3 nor
GA7 stimulated growth of the alga in the presence or absence of these compounds, and
gibberellin-like material extracted from H. musciformis also failed to stimulate
growth. However, both gibberellins stimulated the growth of slow-growing, but not
fast-growing, branch apices of the related red alga Gracilaria verucosa. It is concluded
that endogenous gibberellins may not regulate the growth of H. musciformis, but
this is likely to be a peculiarity of this species and not a general phenomenon in red
algae.
Seed Colour Polymorphism in Thysanotus Tuberosus R. Br.
Authors: Brittan NH
Published: July 2016

Thysanotus tuberosus is a liIiaceous perennial herbaceous plant with a distribution
extending from south-east South Australia through Victoria and New South Wales
to Queensland and reaching the northern limit of its range at two localities in the
Territory of Papua and New Guinea. A collecting expedition in 1959-60 in connection
with the author's revisional and experimental taxonomic work on the genus resulted
in the collection of herbarium specimens and live plants from a series of localities as
far north as southern Queensland.
Substructure of Wool Cortical Cells
Authors: Anderson CA , Leeder JD
Published: July 2016

The morphology of wool fibres and their components has been studied mainly with
the optical and transmission electron microscope. In the former, the specimen is
observed directly but the resolution is poor; in the latter, the resolving power is very
high but the introduction of artefacts during specimen preparation and the indirect
nature of the data obtained lead to possible uncertainties in interpretation.
Relationship of Photosynthetic Effectiveness of Different Kinds of Light to Chlorophyll Content and Chloroplast Structure in Greening Wheat and in Ivy Leaves
Authors: O Kirk JT , Goodchild DJ
Published: July 2016

A polarographic technique for the study of photosynthesis in higher plant leaves, using a bare platinum electrode of the Haxo and Blinks type, is described.
Ultrastructure and Differentiation of Hydrodictyon Reticulatum III. Formation of the Vegetative Daughter Net
Authors: Marchant HJ , Pickett-Heaps JD
Published: July 2016

Vegetative zooids of H. reticulatum, produoed by cleavage of parental ooenobial oytoplasm, linked together within their parental oell walls to form oylindrioal nets oharaoteristio of this alga. A oonspiouous feature of net-forming zooids were bands of miorotubules underlying the plasmalemma. An active role is proposed for these miorotubules in the ordered linking of the zooids. Amorphous material, presumably adhesive, was seen only in interoellular spaces between aggregating zooids. Following adhesion of the zooids, eaoh one usually linking with four others, their flagella were retraoted and both flagellar miorotubules and basal bodies disintegrated. Centrioles arose de novo on the nuolear envelope of eaoh cell at the time of deposition of a bilayered wall.
Inter-Isolate Heterokaryosis in Thanatephorus Cucumeris I. Between Isolates of Different Pathogenicity
Authors: M Stretton Helena , Flentje NT
Published: July 2016

Evidence is presented for heterokaryosis occurring between two mutants derived from different pathogenic strains of T. cucumeris from anastomosis group 2. The evidence relates both to the heterokaryon formed and to the recovery in its progeny of a number of markers from the original mutants. Among the progeny were some strains of different pathogenicity from their parents. Synthesis of such a heterokaryon was difficult compared with that between isolates of similar patho-genicity. This would suggest that, in nature, inbreeding of pathogenic strains more commonly operates than outbreeding, resulting in biological isolation of specific pathogenic types. Nevertheless outbreeding, though rare, could be one means whereby new pathogenic strains arise.
The Role of Wild and Cultivated Grasses in the Hybridization of Formae Speciales of Puccinia Graminis
Authors: Luig NH , Watson IA
Published: July 2016

Although Berberi8 vulgari8, the alternate host of Puccinia gramini8, occurs rarely on the Australian mainland, the present studies show that native and cultivated grasses can play an effective part in the evolution of new strains of this pathogen. Agropyron 8cabrum and Hordeum leporinum appear to be important as sources of somatic hybrids involving P. graminiB f. sp. tritici and P. graminiB f. sp. 8ecali8. On the Darling Downs of Queensland the former grass species was found to be infected by more than 25 different hybrid strains. The principles governing hybridization between these two formae speciales of P. gramini8 may also be applicable to corresponding events between other rusrs.
Effects of Fasting on Oestrus and Ovulation in the Oestrous Rabbit
Authors: Edey TN , Casida IE
Published: July 2016

The effect of fasting on the persistence of oestrus was examined in 28 New Zealand white rabbits. Oestrus was terminated in 14 out of 14 fasted rabbits within 6 days of feed removal. Only 4 out of 14 control rabbits became anoestrous in this time and another 4 out of 14 were continuously in oestrus for more than 72 days.
Pancreatic Exocrine Secretion and Digestion in the Sheep
Authors: Jarrett IG , Filsell OH
Published: July 2016

The effects of pancreatic exocrine secretion on digestive processes in the alimentary tract of the sheep have been studied. Animals in which the pancreatic duct was ligated were compared with pair-fed controls in which the duct was intact. Lack of pancreatic exocrine secretion led to a reduction of 65 % in the rate of wool growth and a 22% reduction in body weight over a 6-week period.
Distribution of Assimilate During Stem Elongation in Wheat
Authors: Patrick JW
Published: July 2016

During the phase of stem extension in plants of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Stewart, the distribution of assimilated 14C appeared to be related to sink size, proximity to the source, and a canalizing effect imposed by the vascular system on the movement between leaves. Evidence was found of a greater resistance to export from a leaf in the upward than in the downward direction and this is consistent with the observed arrangement of the sieve elements linking the bundles at the nodes. The cross� sectional area of the phloem did not appear to impose a limitation on the amount of material transported to the apex. The bulk of carbon imported by a growing leaf was consistently transported from the second lamina below. Import from other leaves continued after the emergence of a lamina and accounted for some 80% of its final dry weight and 50% of that in the attached sheath. The elongating inter-nodes 81ther side of the leaf formed large sinks for its photosynthate. Ear growth, prior to its emergence, was supported by the upper three leaves. After emergence the flag leaf was the main supplier.
Localization of Arginine-Rich Proteins in Mature Seeds of some Members of the Gramineae
Authors: Fulcher RG , O'brien TP , Simmonds DH
Published: July 2016

Several mature grass seeds (Triticum aestivum L., Avena sativa L., Andropogon sorghum Brot., Echinochloa utilis Ohwi & Yabuno, and Lolium perenne L.) were fixed and embedded in glycol methacrylate. Thin (1-2 p.m) sections were examined by light microscopy after staining specifically for arginine residues or basic proteins. The aleurone protein bodies of all seeds stained intensely by these methods but there was considerable variation in concentration and organization of the arginine-rich basic proteins in endosperm tissue of the various seeds. Amino acid analysis was used to confirm the histochemical differences in basic amino acid concentration between the aleurone layer and endosperm of T. aBstivum.
The Distribution of Coated Vesicles in Keratinizing Cells of the Wool Follicle
Authors: Orwin DFG , Thomson RW
Published: July 2016

The presence and distribution of coated vesicles in the cells of the lower third of the Romney wool follicle are described, with special reference to cortical cells. Coated vesicles were typically found free in the cytoplasm and associated with plasma membranes and Golgi complexes. They were most prevalent in the bulb and in the elongation and lower keratogenous zones of the cortex. However, the numbers of coated vesicles decreased markedly in the remainder of the keratogenous zone, especially of those associated with plasma membranes. A similar decrease in the numbers and sizes of Golgi complexes in this zone was also noted. The possible role of coated vesicles in the lower wool follicle is discussed.
Influence of Epicuticular Waxes on Foliar Absorption of Nitrate Ions by Apricot Leaf Disks
Authors: Leece DR , Kenworthy AL
Published: July 2016

The poor response of Prunus spp. to foliar nitrate sprays under field conditions (Leece and Kenworthy 1971) is not caused by an inability of Prunusleaves to meta-bolize nitrate ions (Leece, Dilley, and Kenworthy 1972). This is analogous to the response ofPrunus spp. to urea sprays (Dilley and Walker 1961a). Dilley and Walker (1961b) demonstrated that pretreatment of peach leaf disks by immersion in acetone to dissolve lipid components of the cuticle increased subsequent urea absorption. Bukovac (1965) found that lightly brushing the upper and lower surfaces of peach leaves with a camel-hair brush enhanced uptake of 3-chlorophenoxy-a-propionic acid by 22 and 34% respectively. Brushing was assumed to have partially removed or rearranged the epicuticular waxes.
The Transverse Veins of the Wheat Leaf
Authors: Kuo J , O'brien TP , Zee S-Y
Published: July 2016

The histology and fine structure of the transverse veins that connect the longitudinal veins in the leaf of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Heron) are illustrated and discussed. The transverse veins consist of a single sieve tube and vessel, and two files of vascular parenchyma cells. They lack the mestome sheath and parenchyma sheath that is present around longitudinal veins except where they make connection with longitudinal veins. The vascular elements of the transverse veins are connected to metaxylem and metaphloem of the longitudinal veins and these connections are illustrated in sections. The tracheary elements have an unusual pattern of wall thickening. Experiments with ferric chloride solutions reveal that the vessel wall may severely restrict passage of solutes from the transpiration stream to the free space of the mesophyll.
Plant Competition Mediated by Host-Specific Parasites-a Simple Model
Authors: Chilvers GA , Brittain EG
Published: July 2016

It is suggested that competing co-dominant species in natural ecosystems may be maintained in equilibrium by an ecological, negative feedback system involving reciprocal, host-specific parasites. A simple model is derived to describe this relationship and a hypothetical example computed to illustrate its use. The model has important implications for the management of natural forests and for the practice of monoculture. These are briefly discussed.
Ultrastructure of Nuclear Division in Paramecium Aurelia III. Meiosis in the Micronucleus During Conjugation
Authors: Stevenson I
Published: July 2016

Ultrastructural features of micronuclear meiosis occurring during conjugation of the ciliate P. aurelia are described. Following pair formation the micronuclei enter prophase. The core of condensed chromatin in the micronucleus fragments, and almost the whole nucleus becomes filled with coiled and twisted chromatin elements. After about 1� 5 hr of pairing regions of condensed chromatin appear linked into strands 1-2 p;m long. Somewhat later, ill-defined, synaptinemal, complex-like material lies between paired masses of chromatin. Only a few synaptinemal complex-like structures can be seen in the nucleus. A short while later, synaptinemal complex-like material may be seen free in the nucleoplasm. After about 2�5 hr of pairing, the micronucleus expands into the crescent stage. Microtubules appear in the nucleus, which expands rapidly to a length of about 20 /Lm, usually oriented along the long axis of the cell. Concurrently with expansion the chromatin becomes diffuse and spreads along the length of the nucleus. This stage probably corresponds to diplotene. The nuoleus then shrinks, miorotubules reappear, and metaphase of the first meiotic division oocurs. A large number of chromosomes, with indistinct kinetochores, can be seen. At telophase the nucleus is 15-20 /Lm long and dumbbell-shaped. It breaks into two parts, there being no separation spindle, in contrast to mioronuclear mitosis. The seoond meiotic division occurs immediately. Ultrastructurally it resembles the first with respeot to metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Since P. aurelia has two micronuclei, there are eight haploid meiotic products. The one nearest the paroral cone survives and the other seven disintegrate and are resorbed. The remaining nucleus undergoes a modified mitotic division. One of the two final produots becomes a stationary ("female") pronucleus, while the other becomes a migratory ("male") pronuoleus. Male pronuclei are exchanged aoross the fused paroral oone regions of the partners. The male pronucleus contains microtubules during its migration. After fusion to produce the synkaryon, the conjugants separate.
Sulphur Metabolism and Excretion Studies in Ruminants VII. Secretion of Sulphur and Nitrogen in Sheep Pancreatic and Bile Fluids
Authors: Bird PR
Published: July 2016

[35S]taurine or [35S]Na2S04 was given as a single intraduodenal infusion and the combined bile and pancreatic (OBD) secretions continuously collected, sampled, and returned. In two sheep 41-51 % of 35S from [35S]taurine was recovered in OBD fluids, less than 1 % in the faeces, and less than 4 % in the urine, over 3 days. When the 35S-labelled OBD fluids were infused an estimated 90-113% of the 35S was recycled; in 6 days less than 2% was excreted in faeces and less than 4% in the urine. With other sheep 6-8% of 35S from [35S]Na2S04 was recovered in the OBD fluids and 63-76% in the urine over 4-5 days. When the 35S-labelled OBD fluids were infused 14--29% of the 35S was recycled.
Sulphur Metabolism and Excretion Studies in Ruminants VIII. Methionine Degradation and Utilization in Sheep When Infused Into the Rumen or Abomasum
Authors: Bird PR , Moir RJ
Published: July 2016

Methionine (2 g/day) was continuously infused either abomasally or ruminally into two groups of sheep (four per group) over a 6-week period. After a further 6 weeks on the basal diet, which supplied daily 900 g dry matter, 18� 3 g nitrogen, and 1� 45 g sulphur, the infusion treatments were reversed. A control group of four sheep did not receive infusions. After 13 days on each treatment L-[35S}methionine was continuously infused, along with the carrier methionine, for 5 days during which the sheep were fed at 2-hourly intervals.
The Entry of Selenium into Rabbit Protein Following the Administration of Na275Seo3
Authors: Godwin KO , N Fuss christine
Published: July 2016

Recently evidence was offered that selenium supplied orally to lactating ewes, as Na275Se03, was partly incorporated into milk proteins as selenomethionine (Godwin, Handreck, and Fuss 1971). Previous studies, claiming similar conversion of inorganic selenium in animal tissues, have been based on the demonstration of 75Se activity in the vicinity of certain sulphur analogues during chromatographic procedures (McConnell and Wabnitz 1957; Rosenfeld 1962).
Apparent Effect of the n Gene of Sorghum on Incidence of Infection by a "Johnson Grass" Strain of Sugar-Cane Mosaic Virus
Authors: Teakle DS , Moore RF
Published: July 2016

A "Jolmson grass" strain of sugar-cane mosaic virus commonly infects crops of sorghum in New South Wales and Queensland. Infected sorghum plants show one of two types of systemic reaction, either a systemic necrosis or a systemic mosaic. Type of reaction is controlled by a single dominant gene, the N gene. The N-genotypes condition the necrotic reaction, while nn conditions the mosaic reaction (Teakle et al. 1970).
A Polymeric form of Haemoglobin-Binding Protein in Sheep Following Metabolic and Hormonal Disturbance
Authors: Jarrett IG
Published: July 2016

The serum proteins of sheep have been examined by concave gradient poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. It would appear that sheep are usually lacking in haemoglobin-binding proteins (haptoglobins).
Non-Soil Constituents of Termite (Coptotermes Acinaciformis) Mounds
Authors: Rosemary Gillman L , K Jefferies Marilyn , Richards GN
Published: July 2016

The exterior wall of the mound of C. acinac~formi8 was extracted with various solvents and the extracts compared with similar products derived from the soil from which the mounds had been constructed. Two types of compound were obtained in greater yield from the mound than from the soil and it was concluded that these compounds had been incorporated into the mound by the termites. The first type of additive was a polysaccharide or mixture of polysaccharides of the hemicellulose group, probably derived from incompletely digested plant particles in the termite faeces. The second type of additive was identified as belonging to the glycoprotein group, is assumed to function as an adhesive in construction of the wall, and may originate in an insect excretion.
Inheritance of Patterns of Oxygen Consumption in Mice
Authors: R Pennycuik Pamela
Published: July 2016

Oxygen consrnnptions were measured for males from three random-breeding mouse stocks, R70, Wild, and TNa, and for Fl and F2 offspring of R70xWild crosses and of R 70 X TN a crosses. In each group consumptions were measured on two occasions, once when the animals were adjusted to their rearing temperature (21�C) and once after they had been acclimatized to 33�C for 2 weeks. On both occasions consumptions were measured at air temperatures of 26, 28, 30, 32, and 34�C.
The Utilization of Abomasal Supplements of Proteins and Amino Acids by Sheep With Special Reference to Wool. Growth
Authors: Reis PJ , Colebrook WF
Published: July 2016

Proteins of different amino acid composition (Promine-D, wheat gluten, and zein) were given as abomasal infusions to sheep and effects on wool growth rate, body weight gain, and nitrogen retention were compared with those of casein. These results were considered together with earlier data obtained for whole egg protein, egg albumen, maize gluten, and gelatin. The nutritive value of bloodmeal supplements was also studied. In addition the effects on wool growth of adding lysine and tryptophan to zein, and of adding leucine to casein, were examined.
The Contribution by Leaves of Different Age to New Growth of Subterranean Clover Plants Following the Removal of a Sulphur Stress II. Uptake and Distribution of Sulphur
Authors: Bouma D , Titmanis Z , Greenwood EAN
Published: July 2016

Plants were grown in three sulphur pretreatment solutions (0'25, 1, and 4 p.p.m.: S1. S2, and Sa) and transferred to full solutions (= Sa) 32 days after sowing. On the same day the five oldest trifoliate leaves were shaded in one-third of the plants, in another third these leaves were removed and the remainder of the plants were left untreated (controls).
Plasma Glucagon Concentrations in Sheep: Their Regulation and Relation to Concentrations of Insulin and Growth Hormone
Authors: Bassett JM
Published: July 2016

A radioimmunoassay for glucagon has been used to study the regulation of the plasma glucagon concentration in sheep. The mean plasma glucagon concentra� tion after an overnight fast was 0�20 ng/ml in crossbred sheep and 0 �12 ng/ml in Merinos. During a more prolonged fast plasma glucagon concentrations declined.
Sulphur Metabolism and Excretion Studies in Ruminants XI. Cycling of 36S to the Caecum and Colon and the Influence of the Hindgut on Sulphur Excretion
Authors: Bird PR , Thornton RF
Published: July 2016

The flow of sulphur to the ileum and the transfer of sulphur from the blood to the intestinal contents and its relationship with urinary and faecal sulphur excretion were studied in sheep fitted with re�entrant ileal cannulae.
Trans-Lactation Changes in the Activities of Selected Enzymes in Biopsy Samples of the Bovine Mammary Gland
Authors: Currie WB
Published: July 2016

A surgical biopsy technique suitable for repeated sampling of bovine mammary secretory tissue is described. Samples from four cows obtained at 28-day intervals from calving were analysed for DNA content and for the activities of five enzymes selected as representing general metabolism and the synthesis of fat and carbohydrate. DNA concentrations fell during the first quarter oflactation in three cows, possibly indicating hypertrophy of the secretory cells in early lactation. Changes in enzyme activities were erratic, but statistically significant variation between cows was demonstrated in the activities of UDPglucose epimerase (E.C.5.1.3.2), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.8), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.49). No significant changes in the activity of acetyl CoA synthetase (E.C.6.2.1.1) were detected.
Stress Metabolism V. Abscisic Acid and Nitrogen Metabolism in Barley and Lolium Temulentum L.
Authors: Aspinall D , Singh TN , Paleg LG
Published: July 2016

Spraying a solution of abscisic acid (ABA) of O� 5 or 5� 0 ,..g/ml onto intact barley plants led to an accumulation of free proline in the leaves in certain experiments, as did suspension of the root system in an ABA solution. Proline did not accumulate in the roots of intact barley so treated even when the hormone was taken into the plant through the roots.
Pretreatment Effects on the Rates of Aldrin Metabolism in Pea Plants (Pisum Sativum)
Authors: Earl JW , Kennedy IR
Published: July 2016

A study has been made of the rate of aldrin metabolism by a number of plant species. In roots of pea seedlings grown in medium containing aldrin, the disappearance of aldrin was greater than the production of dieldrin, including that which could be accounted for by transport to the tops.
Physiological Effects of Mucus From the Wood Wasp, Sirex Noctilio F., On the Foliage Of Pinus Radiata D. Don.
Authors: Fong LK , Crowden RK
Published: July 2016

The effects of mucus from S. noctilio on the physiology and biochemistry of needles of P. radiata are described. Some dramatic changes in respiratory rate and mode are noted, as well as effects on the activity of peroxidase and amylase enzymes.
A Search for a simple Keratin-Fractionation and Peptide Mapping of Proteins From Feather Keratins
Authors: O'donnell IJ
Published: July 2016

S-Carboxymethylated (SCM) proteins have been prepared from the various morphological parts of the feathers (a natural p-keratin) from one species of bird and also from the calami of feathers from several species of birds.
Metabolism of Cystine by Merino Sheep Genetically Different in Wool Production III. the Incorporation of Radioactivity Into Wool Fibres During and After Intravenous Infusions of l-[35S]Cystine and its Relationship to Wool Growth and Efficiency of Conversi
Authors: Williams AJ
Published: July 2016

Twelve mature ewes from a flock selected for high clean fleece weight (Fleece Plus) and twelve from a flock selected for low clean fleece weight (Fleece Minus) were randomly divided between two dietary treatments: 500 or 1100 g per day of chaffed lucerne hay.
The Response of Circulating Cortisol Levels in Sheep to Various Stresses and to Reserpine Administration
Authors: Purchas RW
Published: July 2016

The effects of several stresses on circulating cortisol levels in sheep were investigated. The aim was to devise a means of assessing the effects of certain treatments on the response of cortisol to stress. Short periods of fasting proved effective stresses initially but routine applications of this stress resulted in greatly diminished cortisol responses.
The Effect of Hypophysectomy on Testicular Hydrolases, Lactate Dehydrogenase, and Spermatogenesis in the Rat
Authors: Elkington JSH , Blackshaw AW , De Jong B
Published: July 2016

Hypophysectomy of the adult male rat depressed testis and seminal vesicle weight between 4 and 8 days after hypophysectomy.
The Origin and Distribution of Phytophthora Cinnamomi Rands in Australian Native Plant Communities and the Significance of Its Association With Particular Plant Species
Authors: Pratt BH , Heather WA
Published: July 2016

The origin, distribution, and disease association of P. cinnamomi in native plant communities in Australia has been examined.
Relative Importance of Pancreatic Lipase and Pregastric Esterase on Lipid Absorption in Calves 1-2 Weeks of Age
Authors: Gooden JM , Lascelles AK
Published: July 2016

An attempt has been made to determine the relative importance of pancreatic lipase and pregastric esterase on lipid absorption in calves 1-2 weeks of age. This was carried out by measuring the quantity of esterified lipid in lymph and the products of lipid hydrolysis in jejunal contents of 10 calves fed either milk or fatty whey in the presence or absence of pancreatic juice.
The in Vitro Metabolism of [U-14C]Glucose by the Preimplantation Rabbit Embryo
Authors: Quinn P , Wales RG
Published: July 2016

The incorporation of glucose carbon into various components of embryos and culture medium was studied throughout the preimplantation period of development in the rabbit embryo.
Flowering in Pisum. the Effect of Cotyledon Removal on Genotypes if E Sn Hr and if E Sn Hr
Authors: Murfet IC
Published: July 2016

Photoperiod does not affect the flowering node of intact plants of the early pea genotypes If e sn hr and If E Sn hr but cotyledon removal converts if E Sn hr into a photoperiodically sensitive form flowering with the late genotypes under short days.
Flowering in Pisum: Evidence that Gene Sn Controls a Graft-Transmissible Inhibitor
Authors: Murfet IC , Reid JB
Published: July 2016

Under an 8-hr photoperiod scions of an early pea variety of genotype if e sn hr grafted to stocks (with cotyledons) of a late variety of genotype if e Sn hr flowered several nodes later than either intact, decotyledonized, or self-grafted plants of the early variety.
The Effect of Temperature on the Carbohydrate Metabolism of Potato Tubers
Authors: Walsh PJ , Rowan KS
Published: July 2016

The increase in rate of synthesis of starch in potato tubers transferred from O�C to 18�C is probably not due to increasing rate of utilization of glucose I-phosphate in a phosphorylase or a pyrophosphorylase reaction.
The Effect of Night Temperature on Co2 Assimilation, Transpiration, and Water Use Efficiency in Agave Americana L
Authors: Neales TF
Published: July 2016

The CO2 and water vapour fluxes arising from the tops of a plant of A. americana, growing in nutrient solution, were continuously measured at night temperatures of 15, 25, and 36�C, the day temperature being held constant at 25�C.
Factors Controlling the Release of Phosphorus From Decomposing Wheat Roots
Authors: Martin JK , Cunningham RB
Published: July 2016

An increase in incubation temperature from 5 to 45�C significantly (P<O�OOI) increased the release of radioactivity into water solution from intact root systems severed from wheat plants labelled with 32P.
Chloride Fluxes in Cells of the Isolated Root Cortex of Zea Mays
Authors: Cram WJ
Published: July 2016

Isolated maize root cortical tissue is used to eliminate stelar complications in measuring fluxes. Comparison of isolated cortex and whole root segments shows that the cortex is not damaged by separation from the stele, that the initial influx estimate of the plasmalemma influx in cortical cells of whole roots
Studies on Wheat Endosperm II. Properties of the Wall Components and Studies on Their Organization in the Wall
Authors: JMares D , Stone BA
Published: July 2016

Water- and alkali-soluble arabinoxylans from isolated wheat endosperm cell walls were examined by ammonium sulphate fractionation and gel-exclusion chromatography.
Substrate Specificity of Mammalian D-Glucuronolactone Dehydrogenase
Authors: Tonkes PG , Marsh CA
Published: July 2016

The NAD+-dependent D-glucuronolactone dehydrogenase from the soluble fraction of male rat liver homogenates was purified 350-fold with an overall recovery of 11 %.
Behaviour of Mice Housed in Groups At 4, 21, and 33°C
Authors: R Pennycuik Pamela
Published: July 2016

Grouped mice breed well in a warm environment but poorly in the cold. This could be the result of temperature-induced changes in behaviour. In order to test this, female mice were exposed to 4, 21, and 33�C in cages equipped with four box shelters arranged on either side of a narrow alley.
The Response of Ram Spermatozoa to Preparations of Egg Yolk in Semen Diluents During Storage At 5 or ?196°C
Authors: FW atson P , Martin ICA
Published: July 2016

Egg yolk dispersed at levels between 0�1 and 3� 75% (v/v) in a diluent used for the preservation of ram spermatozoa at 5�C was shown to affect the structure and survival of spermatozoa.
Influence of Various Formaldehyde Treatments on the Nutritional Value of Casein for wool Growth
Authors: Hemsley JA , Reis PJ , Downes AM
Published: July 2016

Formaldehyde-treated casein was prepared by either soaking the casein in dilute aqueous formaldehyde followed by washing and drying, or by mixing the casein with small volumes of more concentrated formaldehyde solutions and allowing unreacted formaldehyde to remain in the product.
The Melanocyte System of Cattle Skin II. Melanotic Melanocytes of Epidermis and Dermis
Authors: Schleger AV , Bean KG
Published: July 2016

The distribution of melanotic melanocytes has been studied throughout the epidermis and dermis of cattle skin. Characteristic differences occur between animals according to pattern of epidermal amelanotic dendritic cells and there is a marked contrast between pigmented and non-pigmented areas of the one animal.
Camphor Degradation by Strains of Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium Isolated from Soil
Authors: Chandler RA , FGalligan Roslyn , Macrae IC
Published: July 2016

Three different isolates of Pseudomonas and two of Mycobacterium capable of the utilization of camphor as sole carbon source were isolated from soil. Evidence was obtained indicating that the strains of Pseudomonas and one of the strains of Mycobacterium metabolize camphor via pathways already described for Ps. putida.
Studies on Wheat Endosperm III. Galactose-Rich Polysaccharides
Authors: JMares D , Stone BA
Published: July 2016

Galactose-rich polysaccharides have been found in the finely divided material passing 75-JLm nylon-mesh sieves during the isolation of wheat endosperm cell walls in 70 % aqueous ethanol.
Characterization of an Isolate of Phytophthora Nicotianae Var. Nicotianae From North Queensland
Authors: Shepherd CJ , Pratt BH
Published: July 2016

An isolate of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae from North Queensland was shown to be of pathogenic race 0, since it was non-pathogenic to Nicotiana longifiora and N. plumbaginifolia, but was strongly pathogenic to N. rustica and N. tabacum. The pH optimum, the pH-growth response curve, the temperature optima for growth on various media, and growth in the presence of sterol were similar to those reported previously for isolates from America.
Effect of High Ambient Temperature in Early and Late Lactation on Litter Growth and Survival in Rats
Authors: Hearnshaw Helen , Wodzicka-Tomaszewska Manika
Published: July 2016

The effect of heat stress, applied either during the first half or during the second half of lactation, on total litter production per rat was studied. The survival of the pups, the growth rate of the surviving pups, the liveweight changes, and feed intakes of the rats were also measured. Some observations were also made on maternal and pup behaviour.
The Utilization by Growth Lambs of a Casein-Saffower Oil Supplement Treated With Formaldehyde
Authors: Faichney GJ , Scott TW , Cook LJ
Published: July 2016

A formaldehyde-treated casein-safflower oil supplement was given at levels of 0, 75, and 150 gjday to lambs receiving 600 gjday of a diet of equal parts chopped lucerne hay and crushed oats. The response of the lambs was studied in terms of food intake and liveweight gain, the chemical composition of the body, the incorporation of linoleic acid into body fat, the digestibility of the diets, and the levels of urea, a-amino nitrogen, and glucose in blood plasma.
The Importance of Lipolytic Enzymes in Milk-Fed and Ruminating Calves
Authors: Gooden JM
Published: July 2016

An attempt has been made to compare the activity and specificity of pregastric esterase and pancreatic lipase from calves 1-2 weeks of age in an in vitro system using washed milk-fat globules as substrate. In addition, the changes in activity of pancreatic lipase and pancreatic phospholipase have been investigated as milk-fed calves change from a monogastric to a ruminant type of digestion.
Bioassay of Undisturbed Soil Cores for the Presence of Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var. Tritici
Authors: Mac Nish GC , Dodman RL , Flentje NT
Published: July 2016

The presence of viable G. graminis var. tritici in field soil was detected by a bioassay. Wheat seedlings were grown in undisturbed soil cores maintained under standard conditions for 4 weeks. The percentage of roots infected per core was the main parameter chosen to give an estimate of the level of G. graminis var. tritici inoculum in the core. Some variability between cores from the same site was observed, but this could be reduced by taking cores over plant remains within take-all patches. In this way, high and reasonably uniform levels of inoculum could be obtained to study the effect of various treatments on the incidence of G. graminis var. trifici.
Survival of Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var. Tritici in the Field
Authors: Mac Nish GC , Dodman RL
Published: July 2016

Bioassays of wheat stubble were used to study the survival of G. graminis var. tritici in the field. There were marked differences in survival between the two localities investigated. At Ceduna the number of macro-sites with stubble (crowns) containing viable G. graminis var. tritici dropped from 90 % in early February to 82 % in midNovember, while at Turretfield the drop was from 96 % in late January to 30 % in late August. In another experiment at Ceduna, the survival of G. graminis var. tritici in field soil was studied using a bioassay of soil cores. There was only a small drop in the incidence of G. graminis var. tritid in cores removed at regular intervals from the takeall patch over a period of nearly one year.
Effect of Scrotal Heating on Testicular Enzymes and Spermatogenesis in the Rat
Authors: Blackshaw AW , Hamilton D , Massey PF
Published: July 2016

Immersion of the scrotal testis of the rat in water at 42�C for 30 min caused rapid damage to pachytene primary spermatocytes in stages 1, 2, 3, and occasionally 8 of the seminiferous epithelium. There was cytoplasmic chromophilia with eosin or Alcian blue and binding of the fluorescent dye 2-p-toluidinylnapthalene-6-sulphonate to the cell membranes. Rapid dissolution of damaged cells occurred and most had disappeared by 28 hr after heating. Early round spermatids also showed nuclear changes with vacuolation and the development of "signet ring" nuclei.
The Effect of Cold Shock and Freeze-Thawing on Release of Phospholipids by Ram, Bull, and Boar Spermatozoa
Authors: Darin-Bennett Annabelle , Poulos A , White IG
Published: July 2016

The effects of cold shock and freeze-thawing on the release of total phospholipids phosphorus and of specific phospholipids from ram, bull, and boar spermatozoa are examined. Species differences are apparent, both in the absolute amount of total phospholipids released and in the conditions required to effect a loss of individual phospholipids. The phosphoglycerides most affected by the temperature treatment are choline plasmalogen, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphat idyl ethanolamine. The loss of phospholipids is most specific in boar spermatozoa. Bull spermatozoa suffer a greater overall and more general breakdown of phospholipids, indicating disruption of the cell structure. This is in contrast to the more specific phospholipid losses from ram and boar spermatozoa, which may indicate a more localized region of damage and release of material, possibly acrosomal. The loss of phospholipid may be correlated with the species differences in the fertility of the frozen spermatozoa.
Sulphur Metabolism and Excretion Studies in Ruminants XII. Nitrogen and Sulphur Composition of Ruminal Bacteria
Authors: Bird PR
Published: July 2016

The total sulphur content of mixed ruminal bacteria from sheep fed two different diets was 0'41 and 0'45% of the dry matter, and 97% of this sulphur was in the organic form. The total nitrogen content was 8� 9 and 9� 0 % of the dry matter.
A Further Paradox of the Two-Locus Model
Authors: Deakin MAB
Published: July 2016

The standard two-locus model of mathematical genetics leads to a number of paradoxical results. This paper derives another. At equilibrium, the gametotype with the highest mean fitness cannot be the most frequent.
Studies on Monotreme Proteins. IV Amino Acid Sequence of Haemoglobin-IA of the Echidna; A Comparison of Major Haemoglobins From Two Geographical Groups of Echidnas
Authors: Dodgson SJ , Fisher WK , Thompson EOP
Published: July 2016

The amino acid sequences of the ex-and fJ-chains from a major haemoglobin (Hb-IA) of an echidna geographically isolated from those animals previously studied have been determined. The fJ-chain of Hb-IA was identical in amino acid sequence with the fJ-chain in Hb-IB. The ex-chain of Hb-IA varied in four positions from that in Hb-IB, and had one more acidic group, in line with the higher electro-phoretic mobility of Hb-IA at pH 8� 5. There were no differences in 'contact site' residues in the ex-chains of the two haemoglobins.
Some in vivo and in vitro Interactions of Oestrogen Sulphates with the Mouse Uterus and Vagina
Authors: Stone GM
Published: July 2016

The in vivo and in vitro uptake and metabolism of [3HJoestradiol 3-sulphate and [3HJoestrone 3-sulphate by the mouse uterus and vagina were examined. After intravaginal injection of either sulphate, radioactivity disappeared from the vagina at a rate which was greater than that seen with [3HJ-17 If-oestradiol, similar to that seen with [3HJoestrone, but somewhat less than that previously observed with some non-oestrogenic steroids. Sixteen minutes after intravaginal administration of either sulphate there was significant hydrolysis in the vagina, but the greater part of the radioactivity was still associated with the sulphates. No interconversion of the conjugates was observed, but the formation of oestradiol was favoured following hydrolysis of the conjugates to the free steroids. Plasma levels of radioactivity were very low and would have directly accounted for little of the tissue radioactivity.
Early Changes in Plasma Insulin and Growth Hormone Levels after Feeding in Lambs and Adult Sheep
Authors: Bassett JM
Published: July 2016

When lambs 1-3 months of age ingested 250 or 500 m1 of milk by sucking vigorously from a teat, there was a rapid increase in their plasma insulin concentration to a maximum 5 min after starting to suck. At the same time plasma growth hormone (GH) levels declined rapidly. Changes of comparable magnitude were also seen when lambs drank milk diluted with water or vigorously ate chopped lucerne hay, when adult wether sheep ate dry feed rapidly, and when an adult wether fitted with an oesophageal fistula was 'sham-fed'. The changes were not seen when sheep, although offered food, did not eat. These responses were not closely related to changes in plasma glucose or ",-amino nitrogen concentrations and they evidently involve reflex nervous mechanisms.
Mutagenesis by Photoactivation of Chlorpromazine, a Tranquilizer of the Phenothiazine Group
Authors: MacPhee DG , Paula Imray F
Published: July 2016

The tranquilizer chlorpromazine, in combination with visible light or near-u.v. radiation, can cause base-pair substitution mutations and frameshift mutations in Salmonella typhimurium. The mutagenic damage is subject to repair by the bacterial excision~repair system.
Hormonal Requirements for Implantation and Pregnancy in the Ovariectomized Rabbit
Authors: Kwun JK , Emmens CW
Published: July 2016

After induced ovulation and insemination on day 1, followed by ovariectomy on day 2, a schedule of 1 mg of progesterone in two injections in oil per day on days 2-4 inclusive followed by 2 or 3 mg per day on days 5-9 inclusive was found to induce implantation in the majority of ovariectomized rabbits. Implantation percentages (102 x total no. of implants on day 10 -;- no. of corpora lutea) in different groups of 8-11 rabbits varied between 24 and 61 %; sham-operated and vehicle-injected controls gave overall significantly higher percentages of 57-79%. The addition of 0�1--0�5 p-g of 3,17f3- oestradiol to experimental groups at various times during these procedures resulted in implantation percentages of 49-63 %, but did not consistently improve them.
Primordial Follicle Numbers in Ovaries and Levels of LH and FSH in Pituitaries and Plasma of Lambs Selected for and against Multiple Births
Authors: Trounson AO , Chamley WA , Kennedy JP , Tassell Robin
Published: July 2016

The numbers of primordial follicles in ovaries of ewe lambs, from two groups of Peppin Merinos that had been selected for (T group) and against (0 group) mUltiple births, were estimated at birth, 7 days and 5 months of age. Peripheral plasma and anterior pituitary levels of LH and FSH were determined by radioimmunoassay in the lambs at 5 months of age. These lambs were either entire or unilaterally ovariectomized (hemispayed) at 7 days of age.
Fertilization in the Ewe following Multiple Ovulation and Uterine Insemination
Authors: Trounson AO , Moore NW
Published: July 2016

Two sites of uterine insemination were compared with natural service for the recovery and fertilization of sheep ova following multiple ovulation induced with an equine anterior pituitary extract (HAP) given after a period of progesterone treatment. Freshly ejaculated semen was placed directly into either the lumen of the body of the uterus or extremities of the uterine horns 24-30 h after HAP treatment.
Mutation Spectra and the Neutrality of Mutations
Authors: Langridge J
Published: July 2016

The effect of amino acid replacements on enzyme function was studied in the tJ-galactosidase of Escherichia coli. Mutants possessing 50% or less of normal enzyme activity were isolated and examined. Of 733 amino acid substitutions calculated to have occurred, only 11 reduced tJ-galactosidase activity below 50 %. These mutations were expressed because they greatly impaired the substrate affinity or catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. The inertness of the enzyme to amino acid replacement was confirmed by immunological tests of tJ-galactosidase molecules changed in amino acid sequence by suppression.
Occurrence and Properties of Broad Bean Stain Virus in South Australia
Authors: Moghal SM , Francki RIB
Published: July 2016

A polyhedral virus was isolated from commercial broad bean seedlings in South Australia and identified as broad bean stain virus on the basis of host range, symptom expression, morphology and serology. The virus is shown to have a divided genome and the data available confirm that it should be included in the comovirus group.