bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Constitutive Theory for Short Fiber Yarns: Mechanics of Staple Yarn Without Slippage Effect
Authors: Pan Ning
Published: November 2015

This article reports an attempt to develop a general constitutive theory governing the mechanical behavior of twisted short fiber structures, starting with a high twist case, so that the effect of fiber slippage during yarn extension can be ignored. A differential equation describing the stress transfer mechanism in a staple yarn is proposed by which both the distributions of fiber tension and lateral pressure along a fiber length during yarn extension are derived. Factors such as fiber dimensions and properties and the effect of the discontinuity of fiber length within the structure are all included in the theory. With certain assumptions, the relationship between the mean fiber-volume fraction and the twist level of the yarn is also established. A quantity called the cohesion factor is defined based on yarn twist and fiber properties as well as on the form of fiber arrangement in the yarn to reflect the effectiveness of fiber gripping by the yarn. By considering the yarn structure as transversely isotropic with a variable fiber-volume fraction depending on the level of twist, the tensile and shear moduli as well as the Poisson's ratios of the structures are theoretically determined. All these predicted results have been verified according to the constitutive restraints of the continuum mechanics, and the final results are also illustrated schematically.
New Concepts in para-Aramid Fibers
Authors: Heinrich K. , Jung H.
Published: November 2015

Copolyaramids were synthesized in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and directly spun from isotropic solutions using wet or dry-wet spinning methods. Hot drawing was done at temperatures > 400°C. In most cases, three aromatic diamines were used to produce the copolyaramid. By selecting different chemical structures, it was possible to influence textile properties over a wide range. The initial modulus was >90 N/tex in some compositions. Tenacities of 200 cN/tex were realized. By incorporating kinked or flexible monomers, it was possible to obtain elongations up to 6%. Because of their chemical structure, these fibers exhibit remarkable stability against chemical or physical ageing. This technological concept, to use coaramids composed of various chemical structural elements, can produce specially tailored properties for individual end uses.
High Speed Yarn Production with Air-Jet Spinning: Effects of Some Fiber Parameters
Authors: Bhortakke M. K. , Nishimura T. , Matsuo T. , Inoue Y. , Morihashi T.
Published: November 2015

This work is aimed at improving the quality of air-jet polyester/cotton blended yarns spun at a high delivery speed (285 m/min) and the fabrics produced from them. Short (28 mm) and fine (1.0 d) polyester fibers and combed cotton are used in an attempt to improve yarn strength and evenness. The possibility of increasing delivery speed when fine denier polyester is used is also investigated. Whereas fine polyester and combed cotton improve yarn strength, evenness, and imperfection level, short polyester fibers do not improve yarn evenness. Long polyester fibers improve a yarn's strength but lower its elongation, making it stiffer. Long, coarser polyester fibers and combed cotton lead to a higher number of long hairs. Fine polyester fibers increase the delivery speed without significant loss in yarn strength and evenness, but with a considerable deterioration in the yarn imperfection level and hairiness. Fabric abrasion resistance is higher for longer polyester and combed cotton fibers. While none of the variables influences fabric pilling resistance and compressional resilience, shorter polyester and carded cotton fibers promote higher compressional energy and reduce fabric thickness.
A Dimensionless Model for the Equilibrium Sorption of Mixtures of Acid Dyes by Polyamides from Finite Dyebaths
Authors: Arora Manpreet S. , McGregor Ralph
Published: November 2015

The equations of a dimensionless Donnan model for equilibrium sorption of ions by polymers are applied to sorption data for acid dyes in binary mixtures on nylon 66 fabric. The two acid dyes are commercial samples of C.I. Acid Blue 25 and C.I. Acid Yellow 49. Excellent fits of the data to the dimensionless model are obtained. The ratio of the distribution coefficients of the two dyes in the mixtures is estimated. Dimensionless sorption parameters have a linear dependence on the initial dye concentrations in the finite dyebaths and a linear dependence on the initial salt concentration. The equilibrium concentration distribution ratios of the two dyes on the fabric are linearly related to the ratios of their initial dyebath concentrations.
Physical Properties of Polyurethane Blend Dope-Coated Fabrics
Authors: Enomoto Masao , Suehiro Kazuaki , Muraoka Yoichiro , Inoue Kiyohiro , Sumita Masao
Published: November 2015

We investigate the effects of the cross-sectional structure of a polyester-type polyurethane (pu)/polyvinylchloride (pvc) blend dope-coated nylon fabric on moisture permeability. The waterproof coating is applied by a one-sided wet-coagulation process. The blending of hydrophobic pvc to hydrophilic pu forms a three-layered cross-sectional structure—a pvc-rich micronetwork, a porous pu-rich layer, and the nylon fabric. As the blend ratio of pvc to pu increases, the moisture permeability (mp) and dew condensation (dc) of the coated fabrics improve. Compared to the pu homopolymer, the mp value of a pu/pvc blend in a weight ratio of 4:1 increases 1.18 times to 492 g/m2·h (JIS A-1 method) and 1.16 times to 815 g/m2·h (JIS B-1 method), but the dc value decreases one-fourth to 4.60 g/m2 · h. This gradient three-layered cross-sectional structure contributes to vapor transport properties.
Situational Performance Constraints and Task Characteristics: Their Relationship to Motivation and Satisfaction
Authors: Phillips James S. , Freedman Sara M.
Published: November 2015

Peters and O'Connor (1980) have argued that the presence of situational performance constraints reduces motivation to perform, with an accompanying decrease in satisfaction. They have also argued that the presence of these constraints limits the influence of other motivational strategies designed to improve motivation and satisfaction. This survey research provides partial support for these hypotheses. The perceived existence of high constraints was found to be significantly related to negative affective reactions. However, the existence of high constraints failed to limit the effects of task scope on these outcomes. The indirect effect of constraints appeared to be more a function of whether respondents felt personally in control of relevant outcomes rather than merely a function of the perceived existence of constraints. Finally, as Peters and O'Connor have suggested, the perceived existence of constraints masked the influence of a relevant individual difference variable in this sample: As predicted, growth need strength moderated the task scope-outcome relationship only in the absence of high situational constraints.
The Political Economy of Metrology
Authors: Harris William T. , Harris Lydia
Published: November 2015

This paper is an attempt to discuss some economic aspects of metrology, the field of study dealing with measurements. The first part of the paper deals with what might be called the economics of precision; the second discusses the public goods nature of a system of measurement, and the third economic aspect of metrology concerns occupational entry barriers.

Even though a market demand and supply in the usual sense do not exist, a system of weights and measures does have many traditional economic characteristics. For example, the measures themselves came about in response to emerging needs to measure with varying degrees of accuracy the commodities that were traded in society. Just as technology has affected the supply of traded goods, so too has it affected the supply of tools of measurement and their precision.

The first two sections of the paper will describe our system of weights and measures as an evolutionary process much like how traditional commodity markets work. Individuals and governments have promoted the standardization of units and their accuracy when it served to facilitate a more efficient allocation of resources. The public goods nature of a standardized system of weights and measures will be discussed with emphasis on government involvement.

The third section of the paper will discuss some instances in which our system of weights and measures fails to promote economic efficiency. Specifically, we will discuss the rent-seeking behavior by some to implement nonstandard measures as a means of erecting occupational entry barriers.
Emotional and Social Characteristics of Boys with AD/HD and Giftedness: A Comparative Case Study
Authors: Moon Sidney M. , Zentall Sydney S. , Grskovic Janice A. , Hall Arlene , Stormont Melissa
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this multiple case study was to investigate the emotional and social characteristics of boys who had co-occurring giftedness and AD/HD as compared with boys with only 1 of the 2 exceptionalities. The participants were 3 boys with AD/HD and giftedness and 6 comparison boys with only 1 of the 2 exceptionalities. Data sources included the participating boys, their parents, and their teachers. Data were collected by a team of researchers using parallel forms of a semistructured interview protocol and several rating scales and were analyzed by the team in 4 stages using a variety of qualitative analysis techniques. Findings suggested that participants with co-occurring giftedness and AD/HD had difficulties regulating their emotions, problems with peer relationships, and stressed families. Giftedness appeared to exacerbate the social/emotional difficulties associated with AD/HD rather than serve a protective function. The findings suggested that AD/HD is a risk factor for psychosocial adjustment difficulties in young boys who are intellectually gifted. Implications of the findings for the field of gifted education are discussed.
Differentiating Instruction in Response to Student Readiness, Interest, and Learning Profile in Academically Diverse Classrooms: A Review of Literature
Authors: Tomlinson Carol Ann , Brighton Catherine , Hertberg Holly , Callahan Carolyn M. , Moon Tonya R. , Brimijoin Kay , Conover Lynda A. , Reynolds Timothy
Published: November 2015

Both the current school reform and standards movements call for enhanced quality of instruction for all learners. Recent emphases on heterogeneity, special education inclusion, and reduction in out-of-class services for gifted learners, combined with escalations in cultural diversity in classrooms, make the challenge of serving academically diverse learners in regular classrooms seem an inevitable part of a teacher's role. Nonetheless, indications are that most teachers make few proactive modifications based on learner variance. This review of literature examines a need for “differentiated” or academically responsive instruction. It provides support in theory and research for differentiating instruction based on a model of addressing student readiness, interest, and learning profile for a broad range of learners in mixed-ability classroom settings.
The Dance Teacher: The Ideal Case and Daily Reality
Authors: Van Rossum J. H. A.
Published: November 2015

The dance teacher is a central figure in the world of dance; the impact of the dance teacher on the career of a young dancer can be decisive. A dance teacher is more often than not described as authoritarian. The present study investigated the various dimensions of the dance teacher's behavior. To map the teacher's behavior, a dance-adapted version of the Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS; Chelladurai & Saleh, 1980) was constructed as the Leadership Scale for Dance (LSD). The LSD was administered to both teachers and students of the dance department of the Amsterdam Theatre School. In addition, dance teachers were asked to rate daily class behaviors of the themselves as teachers, and dance students were asked to rate their current dance teacher. While the characteristics of the ideal teacher were very similar for both teachers and students, large differences appeared in the rating of daily class activities. Ratings of the teachers and dance classes are interpreted within the framework given by the LSD scales, that is, as indications of the behavior characteristics of the ideal dance teacher.
Educational Policies Influencing State Response to Gifted and Talented Education Between 1977 and 1980
Authors: Miller Pamela Fine , Ward Tom
Published: November 2015

Several educational policies and state characteristics have been cited in the literature as having a beneficial influence upon state response to gifted and talented education. These include:

1. state mandated programs for gifted and talented students.

2. state certification of teachers of gifted and talented students.

3. state plan for gifted and talented education.

4. state statutes governing the administration of gifted and talented programs.

5. state educational agency personnel assigned to gifted and talented education.

6. state utilization of Title IV-C funding for gifted and talented programs.

7. administration of gifted and talented programs through special education.

8. state definition of giftedness and talent.

9. level of state expenditures for gifted and talented education.

This study sought to ascertain the influence of these selected educational policies and state characteristics on the level of state services provided gifted and talented students and state expenditures provided to support such services observed across the states between 1977 and 1980.

Results of this investigation revealed that educational policy, per se, has had little influence upon the level of state services provided gifted and talented students across the United States. However, the selected set of educational policies exerted a moderate influence upon the level of state expenditures for gifted and talented education observed across states between 1977 and 1980. Finally, it was observed that states have become more homogeneous in their response to policy in the area of gifted and talented education over time.
Advocacy for Gifted and Talented in Florida: Why it Works
Authors: Wasson Frances R.
Published: November 2015

Florida is recognized as a leader in education for the gifted and talented. According to a recent study, Florida is second highest in the nation for expenditures in gifted education. Mandated programs for gifted in grades K-12 have been in operation since 1976. Advocacy efforts in Florida are a viable part of why these facts are true. Leaders in advocacy efforts have had the foresight to be flexible in determining where and when to act on policy matters. With limited resources in a changing political arena, it has been imperative that selective action be taken in placing emphasis on decisions to be made.
The BIASED Model of Career Education and Guidance for Gifted Adolescents
Authors: Delisle James R.
Published: November 2015

Career education and guidance for gifted adolescents is an important though little emphasized area in secondary education. Based on the fallacy that “gifted youngsters always know what careers they want: they don't need help,” many parents, educators and counselors give little thought to specific strategies for counseling gifted adolescents about particular life careers. The BIASED Model of Career Education and Guidance for gifted adolescents is explained in this article, and sample activities for providing such career assistance are provided. Four specific problem areas—multi-potential, expectation, “societal payback,” and career investments—are explained in terms of their impact on gifted adolescents.
A Cognitive Outcomes Study to Evaluate Curriculum for the Gifted
Authors: Carter Kyle R.
Published: November 2015

A design, based on student performance, is presented that allows evaluators to judge the suitability of gifted curricula against two criteria: the curriculum should be unique from the regular classroom and it should be beyond the capability of the normal ability learner. To illustrate the design, a study is reported that evaluates two curricula units: higher level thinking (HLT) and independent learning (IL). Six pullout gifted classes and one class of normal ability students participated in the study. All students (N=61) were third graders with 48% male and 52% female. Results showed the gifted receiving the HLT curriculum scored significantly higher than both the gifted and normal comparison groups on an achievement measure developed for the study. When three subtests of the Ross test, were used as the dependent measure of cognitive ability, there was no difference between gifted groups; however, both gifted groups outperformed the normal ability students who received the HLT curriculum. These results suggest that the HLT curriculum was successful in teaching new concepts to the gifted but unsuccessful in developing higher levels of thought. Possible explanations for this finding are given. Group differences may have been greater in the IL curriculum but the comparison group was apparently influenced by the John Henry effect, i.e., the control group perceived itself to be in competition with the treatment group and performed above its usual capability. An explanation for the John Henry effect and means of avoiding it are discussed.
Verbal Humor in Gifted Students and Students in the General Population: A Comparison of Spontaneous Mirth and Comprehension
Authors: Shade Rick
Published: November 2015

The spontaneous mirth response and comprehension of verbal humor were compared in gifted students and students from the general population. A total of 120 students in grades four, six, and eight participated in the study. A twenty-item instrument containing age-appropriate riddles, jokes, puns, selections of satire, and nonhumorous items was developed by the researcher to gather data. The results indicated that the gifted subjects performed significantly higher in spontaneous mirth response and comprehension than the general population group. This finding lends support to the assumption that gifted children noticeably have a “good sense of humor,” a characteristic often attributed to them as a group. No significant differences were discovered between either group with respect to gender, and grade level explained only part of the difference in the scores between the groups. The gifted group also had higher mean scores for spontaneous mirth response and comprehension on the pun and satire items. On the basis of the findings, implications for classroom use and teacher preparation are addressed.
Locus of Control in Underachieving and Achieving Gifted Students
Authors: McClelland Robert , Yewchuk Carolyn , Mulcahy Robert
Published: November 2015

This study examined locus of control in underachieving and achieving gifted grade 6, 7, 8 and 9 students. It was found that general locus of control measures did not differentiate between the two groups of students. However, underachievers and achievers both scored significantly higher on positive internal locus of control than on negative internal control. There were no gender or grade effects. This result needs to be replicated by further research since it was unexpected.
A Multicultural Educational Perspective on Serving the Culturally Diverse Gifted
Authors: Kitano Margie K.
Published: November 2015

Despite educators' growing concern about meeting the unique needs of gifted students from culturally diverse backgrounds, the research literature sheds little light on best practices for these populations. A multicultural education perspective can help bring clarity to issues of practice by examining these issues within two divergent philosophical frameworks: assimilationist and pluralist. These perspectives offer different views on sources of ethnic student under achievement, the purpose of schooling, procedures for identification, instructional processes, and curriculum content.
The Effect of Special versus Regular Classroom Programming on Higher Cognitive Processes of Intermediate Elementary Aged Gifted and Average Ability Students
Authors: Roberts Christopher , Ingram Cregg , Harris Carl
Published: November 2015

Gifted and regular students in a special treatment school (school-wide enrichment, K-12; resource room grades 3–5 on problem solving/problem finding) were compared to gifted and regular students from a comparison (nontreatment) school on the Ross Test of Higher Cognitive Processes. The test was administered at the beginning (pretest) and end (posttest) of the school year. An analysis of covariance using the pretest as the covariate revealed that gifted students involved in special treatment programs made significant gains when compared to average ability students receiving special program treatment, as well as gifted and average ability students attending a regular school receiving no special treatment. It appears that special programming may have an effect on improving higher cognitive process functioning in gifted students, as measured by the Ross test.
Reflections, Perceptions, and Future Directions
Authors: Renzulli Joseph S.
Published: November 2015

If no one ever tried anything risky, Michelangelo would have painted the Sistine Chapel's floor.
Using Identity Processes to Understand Persistent Inequality in Parenting
Authors: Collett Jessica L. , Vercel Kelcie , Boykin Olevia
Published: November 2015

Despite growing acceptance of a “new fatherhood” urging fathers to be engaged in family life, men’s relative contributions to housework and child care have remained largely stagnant over the past twenty years. Using data from in-depth interviews, we describe how identity processes may contribute to this persistent inequality in parenting. We propose that the specificity of men’s identity standards for the father role is related to role-relevant behavior, and that the vague expectations many associate with “new fatherhood” both contribute to and result from men’s underinvolvement. Consistent with this proposal, we find that while all fathers face difficulty living up to expectations of “new fatherhood,” those with vague identity standards contribute less to carework and are less committed to the father identity, in part because they are less likely to experience self-discrepancy. We outline the implications of our results for future research in identity theory and for understanding inequality in households.
Sharing the Emotional Load
Authors: Peräkylä Anssi , Henttonen Pentti , Voutilainen Liisa , Kahri Mikko , Stevanovic Melisa , Sams Mikko , Ravaja Niklas
Published: November 2015

In conversational storytelling, the recipients are expected to show affiliation with the emotional stance displayed by the storytellers. We investigated emotional arousal-related autonomic nervous system responses in tellers and recipients of conversational stories. The data consist of 20 recordings of 45- to 60-minute dyadic conversations between female university and polytechnic students. Conversations were videotaped and analyzed by means of conversation analysis (CA), with a special emphasis on the verbal and nonverbal displays of affiliation in storytelling. Electrodermal activity in both participants was measured to estimate their arousal level. The results show that the verbal and nonverbal displays of affiliation decrease the storyteller’s but increase the recipient’s level of arousal. This means that the monitoring of the recipient actions in storytelling, shown by earlier CA studies, has a physiological correlate. We suggest that storytelling involves an emotional load, which the participants share physiologically in affiliative responses.
Immunohistochemical Characterization of Rat Central and Peripheral Nerve Tumors Induced by Ethylnitrosourea
Authors: Raju Narayan R. , Yaeger Michael J. , Okazaki Dorothy L. , Lovell Kathryn , Koestner Adalbert
Published: November 2015

Ethylnitrosourea-induced central and peripheral nerve tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats were tested for GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein), S-100 protein, NSE (Neuron Specific Enolase) and Anti-Leu 7 (HNK-1) immunoreactivity utilizing the ABC method (avidin-biotin-complex) for GFAP, S-100 protein and NSE, and the PAP method (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) for Anti-Leu 7. Peripheral nerve neurinomas were consistently positive for S-100 protein and consistently negative for GFAP and Anti-Leu 7. Neurinomas would occasionally exhibit positive staining for NSE (2 of 55 tumors). The staining intensity for S-100 protein varied from strongly positive in differentiated neurinomas to weakly positive in anaplastic tumors. Neoplastic and reactive astrocytes exhibited positive staining for both S-100 protein and GFAP. Variation in the GFAP staining intensity of glial tumors correlated with the degree of differentiation as anaplastic tumors did not stain with the same intensity as their more differentiated counterparts. Oligodendrogliomas exhibited occasional immunoreactivity to S-100 protein (3 of 36 tumors). NSE reactivity in oligodendrogliomas was rarely observed (1 tumor in 36) and immunoreactivity against GFAP or Anti-Leu 7 was consistently absent. Anti-Leu 7 and NSE proved to be of little value in the classification of ENU-induced neural tumors.
Development of Newly Formed Nephrons in the Goldfish Kidney following Hexachlorobutadiene-Induced Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Reimschuessel Renate , Bennett Richard O. , May Eric B. , Lipsky Michael M.
Published: November 2015

New nephrons developed in goldfish, Carassius auratus, several weeks following hexachlorobutadieneinduced (HCBD) nephrotoxicity. Basophilic clusters of presumptive nephrogenic cells incorporated 5-bromo, 2'deoxyuridine (BrdU) one week after HCBD injection, indicating initiation of DNA synthesis. These clusters, like renal vesicles in the developing kidney, elongated, fused with collecting ducts and developed into immature nephrons during the next 2 weeks. Stereologic quantification showed the volume percent of the kidney occupied by the developing nephrons was greater in HCBD-treated fish 2, 3, 4, and 10 weeks after injection than in the control fish. The presence of large numbers of developing nephrons may provide a marker for renal injury in fish from contaminated waterways.
High Resolution Light Microscopic Morphological and Microvascular Changes in an Acutely Induced Renal Papillary Necrosis
Authors: Gregg Neill J. , Courtauld Elizabeth A. , Bach Peter H.
Published: November 2015

Morphological changes were followed in semi-thin glycolmethacrylate sections, after treating male Wistar rats with a single ip dose of 2-bromoethanamine (BEA) hydrobromide (100 mg/kg) to induce renal papillary necrosis. Medullary interstitial cells had irregular nuclei at 4 hr and focal necrosis by 8 hr which spread from the papilla tip to the cortico-medullary junction from 12 hr. Increased mucopolysaccharide staining was observed in the papilla tip at 4 hr, and was lost from those regions where necrosis had developed by 48 hr. Endothelial platelet adhesion, first seen at 8 hr, was very marked at 18 hr, but affected capillaries in necrotic regions only, up to 144 hr. The absence of extravasated Monastral Blue B demonstrated the integrity of the medullary microvascular endothelia. The distal nephron showed degenerative changes at 12 hr and cell exfoliation at 18 hr. Cortical changes were confined to PAS-positive casts in the collecting duct and loop of Henle from 8 hr and dilatation of distal and proximal tubules at 8 and 72 hr, respectively. There was active repair at the junction between viable and necrotic tissue in the papilla from 24 hr with mitoses in the collecting ducts and loops of Henle. Normally the urothelium is <3–4 cells thick, but upper urothelial proliferation followed BEA administration. Hyperplasia was especially marked at the mouth of the ureter and in the pelvis opposite the region of necrosis (7–8 cells thick at 18 hr) and had only partially resolved by 144 hr. These data show that the interstitial cells are the primary target in BEA-induced renal papillary necrosis and that other morphological changes, including a localized hyperplasia, are secondary.
Hepatocytes in the Mouse Stomach
Authors: Leininger Joel R. , McDonald Margarita M. , Abbott David P.
Published: November 2015

Hepatocytes occurred in the stomach as incidental findings in 4 110–112-week-old mice (3 B6C3F1 and 1 Crl:COBS-CD1) sacrificed at termination of 2-yr toxicity/carcinogenicity bioassays of unrelated chemicals. Both sexes, and control and treated animals, were affected. Grossly, 2 mice only had 1.0–5.0 mm, smooth, cream-colored nodules protruding from the glandular stomach mucosa. Histologically, the glandular stomach submucosa and lamina propria adjacent to the limiting ridge, and in one case, the forestomach submucosa had circumscribed accumulations of well-differentiated hepatocytes with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and round central nuclei. Adjacent gastric glands sometimes exhibited dilation, epithelial hyperplasia, mineralization and/or microherniation into the submucosa. Ultrastructurally, the hepatocytes were polygonal cells with abundant mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum; intercellular bile canaliculus-like structures exhibiting intraluminal microvilli and bounded by desmosomes were also present. No evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma or primary gastric neoplasms was found. No definitive conclusions concerning cell of origin or pathogenesis of these hepatocytes could be made, but hypotheses include congenital anomaly or post-natal transdifferentiation (metaplasia).
The effects of gesture and movement training on the intonation of children’s singing in vocal warm-up sessions
Authors: Liao Mei-Ying , Davidson Jane W.
Published: November 2015

The main purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of gesture and movement training for beginning children’s choirs with regard to improving intonation. It was a between-subjects design with one independent variable Training Technique (TT). One dependent variable was measured: intonation in the singing of vocal pattern warm-up exercises. Fifty-three fifth grade students (10–11 years old) participated in the empirical investigation. They were randomly assigned into three training groups: (1) Group 1— students who received no gesture and movement training; (2) Group 2— students who received gesture training; and (3) Group 3— students who received gesture and movement training. The instructional unit, consisting of two 40-minute sessions per week for 24 sessions, focused on vocal development. Each individual was pretested and posttested on singing 5 vocal patterns, selected from some 20 learned in the sessions. Three experts were asked to judge the children’s individual singing of these patterns, assessing intonation. Results showed that the children who received gesture and/or movement training sang significantly more in tune than those who did not. It was concluded that gesture training has a positive effect on improving children’s intonation. Furthermore, the combination of gesture and movement training could be a powerful teaching strategy in choral rehearsals.
Clinical Intervention, Supportive Counselling and Therapeutic Methods: A Clarification and Direction for Restorative Treatment
Authors: Devilly Grant J.
Published: November 2015

There is currently some confusion regarding the provision of therapeutic options as part of a restorative treatment approach to criminal victimisation. This article aims to clarify the issues surrounding psychological debriefing, early intervention, post traumatic stress disorder and recovered memory therapy as raised by Fattah (1999; 2000). In essence, the evidence to date suggests that whilst debriefing and repressed memory therapy may in fact be detrimental to the well-being of the victim, early intervention with Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for those with identifiable disorders who request help is very effective in relieving the suffering following victimisation. It is also suggested that while ‘supportive counselling’ for those with transient personal problems may be of use, this has not yet been demonstrated and is definitely not of use when treating mental disorders. There is no objective evidence to suggest that ‘supportive counselling’, active listening by quasi-professionals or ‘tea and sympathy with Aunt Adie’ are effective.
Positivist Victimology: A Critique
Authors: Miers David
Published: November 2015

This article traces the development of two main theoretical accounts of victimisation. The first of its two parts is an intellectual history of positivist victimology. In its attempt to define victimisation by an examination of those held to be victims, positivist victimology has traditionally pursued three major concerns: the identification of factors in individuals or their environment that conduce to a non-random risk of victimisation, a concentration on inter-personal crimes of violence, and the identification of victims who may be held to have contributed to their victimisation. The article argues that each of these concerns suffers from serious difficulties which have inevitably limited the potential of positivist victimology to explain the everyday social process of identifying and responding to victimising events. The second part argues that this process performs a central role in social life; it is a principal means by which societies maintain their values and identify the limits of non-compliance with them. Critical victimology argues that as the process of labelling individuals as victims involves a statement of values, it is essential to analyse how, when and why some who sustain injury are labelled victims, and others not. The article draws on work within social psychology to explain the main parameters of these decisions.
Corporate Deviance and Corporate Victimization: A Review and Some Elaborations
Authors: Shichor David
Published: November 2015

Corporate deviance is organizational deviance occurring on the behalf of the corporation in the course of working in it. Many corporate deviant acts occur as an outcome of the often-conflicting goals of profit maximization and free competition.

This paper attempts to analyze various classifications of corporate violations, corporate harms, corporate victimizations, and corporate victims. It suggests that various kinds of corporate victimization cause different kinds of harm, and hurt different kinds of victims to different degrees; in most corporate victimization cases there are multiple victims, i.e., besides direct victimization, indirect victimization also takes place; there is also a widescale inter-organizational victimization occurring among corporations.

The paper also reviews the possibilities for the individualization of the victims, personalization of the offenders, and the personalization of harms as they relate to corporate deviance. The combined classifications may be helpful for further conceptualization of the various aspects of corporate deviance.
Lobular Dissecting Hepatitis in the Dog
Authors: Bennett A. M. , Davies J. D. , Gaskell C. J. , Lucke V. M.
Published: November 2015

Ascites and acquired portosystemic shunts were consistent findings in six dogs with a chronic hepatitis of unusual morphology and unknown etiology. The hepatitis was characterized by a mixed inflammatory infiltrate and dissection of the lobular parenchyma by reticulin and fine collagen fibers. While limiting plates were disrupted by this process, portal inflammation was inconstant and seldom marked. Biopsy samples generally had very small, sublobular regenerative nodules, but larger nodules sometimes were present postmortem. Dilated vascular channels, representing sinusoids and portal venous radicles were a prominent feature of most affected livers.

The lesions differ from previously documented chronic hepatitis in the dog, and from the chronic hepatitides in man.
Mapping Populations: The United Nations, Globalization, and Engendered Spaces, 1948–1960
Authors: Ilcan Suzan , Phillips Lynne
Published: November 2015

Over the last hundred years, we in the more favored parts of the world have been doing all that we could to displace [the] attitude of resignation and feeling of inability to do anything about such circumstances [“poverty and disease and ignorance”]. We sent missionaries throughout the world preaching the gospel of the Fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man and converting a lot of people in the underdeveloped areas of the world to a conviction that they can in fact work out an improvement of their own lives. In addition to these religious missionaries we sent out trade missionaries, commercial agents, who aroused desires on the part of the people of the underdeveloped areas for conditions of life and physical comforts that are commonplace in the advanced countries of the West. Moreover, during both World Wars, but particularly during the second, we sent our military forces into practically every corner of the world so that at the present time there is no place anywhere on the globe in which any considerable number of peoples live who do not know that it is possible for a human being to live a far better life than is customary for three quarters of the human race.
Israel and the Nations: A Structuralist Survey
Authors: Kunin Seth D.
Published: November 2015

Structuralist analysis of genealogies in Genesis demonstrates that ideological closeness is indirectly proportional to genealogical closeness. Thus, those nations which are most closely related to Israel are portrayed as being the most ideologically negative. This article examines how these nations are portrayed in Talmudic texts. Structuralist theory suggests that while there may be transformations in ideological content due to changes in cultural context, the basic underlying structure of relations and categorization should remain constant. It is demonstrated here that the ideological understanding of other nations found in the Talmud reflects the same underlying structure. The most strongly negative nations in the Talmud are Edom and Amalek who are genealogically closest to Israel (being brother and brother's son, respectively). These terms, however, are no longer attached to their original peoples. Edom is used to represent Rome and Amalek represents archetypal evil. Other more genealogically distant nations are progressively less ideologically negative. One additional point is the transformation of the attitude toward Ishmael. Ishmael becomes more ideologically negative, in line with his additional cultural significance. It is suggested that with this transformation in ideology there is a concurrent transformation in genealogical position.
‘Israel Has Become a Worthless Thing’: Re-Reading Gomer in Hosea 1–3
Authors: Hornsby Teresa J.
Published: November 2015

In Hosea 1–3, the woman ‘Gomer’ is often read as Hosea's promiscuous and adulterous wife. In this paper I propose that the metaphor of Israel should be read as prostitute and ‘prostitute’ should be understood as an independent, strong businesswoman rather than YHWH's whoring wife. When one reads ‘prostitute’ without negative coding in Hosea 1–3, understanding of the historical and social context completely shifts.
Human Geography and Law: A Case of Separate Development in Social Science
Authors: Blacksell Mark , Watkins Charles , Economides Kim
Published: November 2015

S'il est vrai que le caractère de l'esprit et les passions du coeur soient extrêmement differents dans les divers climats, les lois doivent être relatives et à la difference de ces passions, et à la difference de ces caractères (Montesquieu, De l'Esprit des Lois). Trois degres d'élévation du pôle renversent toute la jurisprudence, un méridian décide de la vérité … Plaisante justice qu'une rivière borne Vérité au deça des Pyrenées erreur au delà (Pascal, Pensées).
Would You Recognize Universal Design for Learning if You Saw it? Ten Propositions for New Directions for the Second Decade of UDL
Authors: Edyburn Dave L.
Published: November 2015

As I read the latest issue of the Learning Disability Quarterly, I was appreciative of the essay by King-Sears (2009) highlighting the value of universal design for learning (UDL) to the learning disability community. The allure of UDL has captured the imagination of many educators and policy makers. The recent reauthorization of the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–315, Section 202, I, A), for example, requires colleges of education that receive federal funding for teacher quality partnership grants to report on the outcomes of UDL training within their preservice preparation programs. King-Sears' efforts to encourage the learning disability community to dialogue about UDL are noteworthy and timely.

Given that the King-Sears piece was featured as a “Commentary” article designed to spark conversation about contemporary topics, I would like to take this opportunity to extend the conversation and highlight nuances associated with translating UDL theory into practice. As someone who has been involved in helping individual teachers as well as schools, states, provinces, and policy makers translate UDL theory into practice, I am concerned about the ability of the profession to implement a construct that it cannot define.
RTI in a Middle School: Findings and Practical Implications of a Tier 2 Reading Comprehension Study
Authors: Faggella-Luby Michael , Wardwell Michelle
Published: November 2015

Response to intervention (RTI) has received considerable attention from both researchers and practitioners as a schoolwide model for service delivery. However, research is limited on RTI applications in middle and high schools. The purpose of this article is to describe the outcomes of an experimental examination of a secondary (Tier 2) literacy intervention for at-risk fifth- and sixth-grade students in an urban middle school assigned to one of three conditions: Story Structure (SS), Typical Practice delivered by reading specialists (TP), and Sustained Silent Reading (SSR). Results indicated a statistically significant difference between the mean posttest cloze scores of the SSR group and both the SS and TP conditions. Study findings support the growing body of research indicating that at-risk students need intensive and explicit instruction in addition to opportunities to practice reading.
City Managers, Police Chiefs, and Fire Chiefs in the South: Testing for Determinants and Impact of Attitudes Toward Affirmative Action
Authors: Slack James D.
Published: November 2015

This study analyzes (1) the extent to which city managers, police chiefs, and fire chiefs in southern municipalities support affirmative action recruitment, (2) the factors which shape these attitudes, and (3) the extent to which bureaucratic attitudes contribute to actual recruitment patterns. Based predominantly on survey research, findings indicate that each set of public employers supports the principle of affirmative action. Yet, they are much less supportive of its implementation. Primary determinants of attitudes are found in demographic, political, and personal characteristics. In the case of affirmative action in the South, bureaucratic attitudes have negligible impact on bureaucratic behavior. Questions are raised about the linkages in the theory of representative bureaucracy.
The Unfair Labor Practice Process as a Dispute-Resolution Technique in the Public Sector: The Case of New York State
Authors: Riccucci Norma M. , Ban Carolyn
Published: November 2015

Much scholarly attention has been given to the various techniques of dispute-resolution between labor and management in the public sector. However, there has been little research on the unfair labor practice (ULP) process as one such technique. This paper examines the ULP process in New York State. The manner and timeliness in which cases are handled point to the effectiveness of the ULP process as a dispute-resolution technique in New York. The efficacy of the ULP process ultimately promotes stability and integrity in New York's system of labor relations.
Implementation of Linkage Programs: The Planner's Role in Real Estate Market Research and Regulation
Authors: McClure Kirk
Published: November 2015

The study of real estate development has become an integral part of planning education as planners draw upon the techniques of real estate investment analysis to control land use. The application of these techniques has been expanded by linking new commercial development to noncommercial development that serves public goals. Fees charged against new commercial development are used to fund social programs, such as the production of low income housing. To make these linkage programs work, planners must possess skills in both individual real estate project analysis and market-wide regulation. It is argued here that this second area, market regulation, has not received adequate attention in planning curricula.
High Frequency Ventilator Therapy for Newborns
Authors: Cronin Jonathan H.
Published: November 2015

High-frequency ventilation is a general term that refers to a family of ventilator techniques that utilize respirator rates greater than 60 breaths/minute and tidal volumes that are usually less than or equal to the anatomical dead space of the airways. These techniques include high frequency positive-pressure ventilation, high frequency jet ventilation, high frequency flow interruption, high frequency oscillatory ventilation, and high frequency chest wall oscillation. I review the proposed mechanisms of gas transport during high-frequency ventilation and the different ventilators capable of delivering this mode of ventilation. In addition, clinical studies involving infants treated with this new technology are reviewed, along with long-term patient follow-up and reported complications.
Nonoperative Management of Solid Abdominal Visceral Injury: Part I. Spleen
Authors: Knudson M. Margaret , Bermudez Kenneth
Published: November 2015

The relatively recent recognition of the immunological consequences of splenectomy in both children and adults, coupled with an increased use of noninvasive methods of detecting splenic injuries, has resulted in the development of a nonoperative approach to selected patients with blunt splenic trauma. Currently, nonoperative management of pediatric splenic injuries is the treatment of choice, with success rates greater than 90%. Due to the increased severity of injury in adult trauma patients, this method of treatment is applicable in only 50% of older patients with mild to moderate splenic trauma. As experience with nonoperative treatment has accumulated, the need for large blood transfusions, missed intestinal injuries, and delayed splenic rupture have been found to be uncommon events. However, patients selected for nonoperative management must be monitored in a setting where the treating surgeon is readily available for both serial examinations and operative intervention should nonoperative management fail.