bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um estudo sobre a morte: uma análise a partir do método explicativo de Vigotski
Authors: Combinato Denise Stefanoni , Queiroz Marcos de Souza
Published: October 2011

Este artigo focaliza a concepção de morte em geral e, especificamente, a construção social de seu significado por uma equipe de profissionais da saúde, que trabalha em uma unidade hospitalar de cuidado intensivo. Participaram desta pesquisa, através de entrevista individual semiestruturada, treze profissionais (seis médicos e sete enfermeiros). Ainda que a morte seja parte do processo de desenvolvimento humano e esteja presente na vida cotidiana de profissionais da saúde, a negação da sua existência imposta pela cultura do mundo ocidental moderno impede que se desenvolvam estratégias específicas de enfrentamento deste problema. A partir do método explicativo de Vigotski, das entrevistas, foram extraídas e analisadas três principais concepções de morte: como consequência da vida; como processo biológico e como bênção divina. Sem haver um campo apropriado para o desenvolvimento mais sistemático do tema, as representações dos profissionais sobre o assunto permanecem restritas a um nível subjetivo. Na conclusão, é enfatizada a necessidade de mudança no contexto institucional e na educação em saúde, com um foco mais específico na morte e no processo de morrer.
Implantação da estratégia DOTS no controle da Tuberculose na Paraíba: entre o compromisso político e o envolvimento das equipes do programa saúde da família (1999-2004)
Authors: Sá Lenilde Duarte de , Andrade Marclineide Nóbrega de , Nogueira Jordana de Almeida , Villa Tereza Cristina Scatena , Figueiredo Tânia Maria Ribeiro Monteiro de , Queiroga Rodrigo Pinheiro Fernandes de , Sousa Maria Clemilde Mouta de
Published: October 2011

Foi analisada a implantação da estratégia Tratamento Diretamente Observado de Curta Duração (DOTS) no controle da tuberculose, sob a ótica dos coordenadores do Programa de Controle da Tuberculose (PCT), nos seis municípios prioritários da Paraíba. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete coordenadores de PCT. Fortalezas do DOTS: cinco municípios alcançaram a taxa de cura de 90%. Entre as debilidades identificou-se, na dimensão política, a descontinuidade do cargo de coordenador de PCT, o despreparo da equipe local, a precariedade da estrutura técnico-administrativa e a insuficiência da rede laboratorial; na dimensão operacional ainda é baixa a incorporação da busca de sintomáticos respiratórios pelas Equipes de Saúde da Família. Ocorreram mudanças de cunho epidemiológico, operacional e político. a implantação e garantia da sustentabilidade do DOTS no Estado dependem do modo da organização dos serviços de saúde e o compromisso político do gestor no apoio a estratégia.
Educação em saúde para prevenção do câncer de colo do útero em mulheres do município de Santo Ângelo/RS
Authors: Casarin Micheli Renata , Piccoli Jaqueline da Costa Escobar
Published: October 2011

No Brasil, o câncer cérvico-uterino constitui importante problema de saúde, pois apresenta alto índice de letalidade entre mulheres de varias idades. O exame citopatológico foi preconizado como medida de prevenção deste tipo de câncer, devendo ser realizado a partir do início da vida sexual. O estudo teve um caráter prático de promover educação em saúde sexual e conhecer o perfil da saúde sexual de mulheres de Santo Ângelo/RS. As palestras abordaram formas de prevenção e identificação de possíveis sintomas da doença. O levantamento do perfil de saúde sexual das participantes foi realizado através da aplicação de um questionário estruturado. Participaram das palestras 140 mulheres com idades entre 15 e 60 anos. Verificou-se que, mesmo enfrentando dificuldades e medo, a maioria delas realiza exame preventivo, motivada por aparecimento de sintomas e pelo hábito de cuidar da saúde. As participantes referiram a importância da integração entre profissionais e educadores em Saúde. O estudo foi direcionado no sentido de dar relevância à promoção da saúde e à prevenção do câncer, buscando evitar a doença e obter melhores condições de vida para as mulheres.
Análise dos traços de tendência de uma amostra das revistas científicas da área de contabilidade publicadas na língua inglesa
Authors: Frezatti Fábio , Borba José Alonso
Published: October 2011

As publicações acadêmicas são importantes pontos de sustentação do trabalho científico desenvolvido no mundo. Identificar o veículo adequado para a publicação que se pretende é uma tarefa não muito fácil, principalmente para os estudiosos oriundos de países cuja língua não seja a inglesa. Isso se verifica pela não familiaridade com as definições, critérios e procedimentos gerais que permitam o entendimento e decisão por parte do estudioso. Nesse sentido, este artigo pretende identificar características de algumas das principais tendências observadas pelas revistas científicas que veiculam temas de interesse da classe contábil.Trata-se de um estudo exploratório com pretensões de continuidade ao longo do tempo.
A new species of sand-dwelling catfish, with a phylogenetic diagnosis of Pygidianops Myers (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae)
Authors: Pinna Mário C. C. de , Kirovsky Alexandre L.
Published: October 2011

A new species of sand-dwelling catfish genus Pygidianops, P. amphioxus, is described from the Negro and lower Amazon basins. The new species differs from its three congeners in the elongate eel-like body, the short barbels, and the small caudal fin, continuous with the body, among other traits of internal anatomy. The absence of anal fin further distinguishes P. amphioxus from all other Pygidianops species except P. magoi and the presence of eyes from all except P. cuao. The new Pygidianops seems to be the sister species to P. magoi, the two species sharing a unique mesethmoid with a dorsally-bent tip lacking cornua, and a produced articular process in the palatine for the articulation with the neurocranium. Pygidianops amphioxus is a permanent and highly-specialized inhabitant of psammic environments. Additional characters are proposed as synapomorphies of Pygidianops, including a hypertrophied symphyseal joint and associated ligament in the lower jaw; an elongate, laterally-directed, process on the dorsal surface of the premaxilla; and a rotated lower jaw, where the surface normally facing laterally in other glanapterygines is instead directed ventrally. These and other characters are incorporated into a revised phylogenetic diagnosis of Pygidianops.
Taxonomic revision of thorny catfish genus Hassar (Siluriformes: Doradidae)
Authors: Birindelli José L. O. , Fayal Danielle F. , Wosiacki Wolmar B.
Published: October 2011

The genus Hassar (Doradidae) is diagnosed by a single exclusive feature: basioccipital with ventral ring-like arch surrounding aorta; and by the combination of several non-exclusive characters, including dark blotch in distal half of anterior branched rays of dorsal fin, and anteriormost postinfranuchal scutes reduced in size. Three nominal species are recognized and redescribed in Hassar: H. orestis from the Orinoco, Essequibo and Amazonas basins, excluding Tocantins and middle to upper Xingu drainages; H. wilderi from Tocantins; and H. affinis from northeastern Brazil, including Turiaçu, Pindaré-Mearim, Itapecuru and Parnaíba drainages. The nominal Hemidoras notospilus and Hassar ucayalensis are recognized as junior synonyms of Hassar orestis; Hassar woodi is considered a junior synonym of H. affinis; Hassar iheringi is recognized as a junior synonym of H. wilderi, and its type locality as originally reported is considered incorrect. A fourth new species, Hassar gabiru, is described from middle to upper Xingu river basin. Hassar is considered to be the sister taxon of Anduzedoras + Leptodoras. A detailed anatomical description and discussion of the phylogenetic relationships of Hassar among fimbriate-barbel doradids are provided.
Small scale change in mollusk diversity along a depth gradient in a seagrass bed off Cabo Frio, (Southeast Brazil)
Authors: Creed Joel Christopher , Kinupp Monique
Published: October 2011

We know little about animal communities in seagrass beds in the southeast Atlantic. The aim of the current study was to characterize and quantify the mollusk assemblages within these unique tropical seagrass habitats at a spatial scale fine enough to relate change in assemblage structure to gradients in exposure to air/depth. The study was carried out off Cabo Frio, Southeast Brazil. A 1250 m² area vegetated by the seagrass Halodule wrightii was defined (50 m parallel to the shoreline × 25 m distance from the shore margin). Twenty-six transects were established and the sampling carried out in order to characterize and to quantify the associated mollusk fauna. The mollusk assemblage presented overall density, density of key species and mean richness which increased systematically along the onshore-to-offshore gradient. Furthermore over the short spatial distance of the study the mollusk assemblage changed sufficiently for ordination to detect different assemblages.
Bevacizumab Treatment for Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Alvarez Ricardo H. , Guarneri Valentina , Icli Fikri , Johnston Stephen , Khayat David , Loibl Sibylle , Martin Miguel , Zielinski Christoph , Conte PierFranco , Hortobagyi Gabriel N.
Published: October 2011

Significant advances in the treatment of patients with breast cancer have been made in the past 10 years. The current systemic treatment of breast cancer is characterized by the discovery of multiple cancer targets leading to treatments that are more sophisticated and specific than conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Two classes of compounds that have helped improve clinical outcomes are small molecules and monoclonal antibodies targeting specific tyrosine kinase receptors. Many novel targets have been discovered, and parallel multiple approaches to anticancer therapy have recently emerged from the literature. One promising strategy is targeting the proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), either by ligand sequestration (preventing VEGF receptor binding) or inhibiting downstream receptor signaling. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against VEGF, has been shown to improve the efficacy of taxanes in frontline treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer. This review outlines the most promising breast cancer studies using bevacizumab combined with traditional cytotoxic agents in advanced breast cancer. In addition, we discuss the current indications reviewed by the Oncologic Drug Advisory Committee and define our vision of how the benefit of patient clinical trials should be measured.
Mineral Concentration of Broccoli Florets in Relation to Year of Cultivar Release
Authors: Farnham Mark W. , Keinath Anthony P. , Grusak Michael A.
Published: October 2011

It has been proposed that crop improvement through directed plant breeding has resulted in decreases in nutrient concentrations of harvested components over time. A few field studies wherein cultivars released over a period of years are evaluated for nutrient content provide the best evidence for nutrient changes over time; however, no such studies have been conducted with vegetable crops. To accomplish this with broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.), we grew 14 cultivars released over 50 yr in two field trials, and harvested florets were assayed for mineral concentration by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy. Results indicated significant cultivar differences in floret concentrations of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, P, and Zn, but not of K, Mn, Mo, or S. With most minerals, there was no clear relationship between concentration and release year. Although the oldest cultivar exhibited some of the higher mineral concentrations, from 1975 to the present no significant changes appear to have occurred. Head mass was negatively correlated with concentrations of most minerals, but head mass was not correlated with year of release. We propose it most relevant to examine mineral nutrient changes for cultivars grown since 1975 when broccoli phenotypes changed dramatically and the vegetable grew in prominence as a component in the U.S. diet. Results provide a guide for mineral levels in broccoli that should be maintained as other characteristics are manipulated in the future.
Genetic Similarity Analysis in Lentil Using Cross‐Genera Legume Sequence Tagged Microsatellite Site Markers
Authors: Datta Subhojit , Tiwari Saurabh , Kaashyap Mayank , Gupta Prasoon P. , Choudhury Partha R. , Kumari Jyoti , Kumar Shiv
Published: October 2011

Molecular markers have emerged as useful tools to assess the genetic diversity across crops. In lentil, molecular markers are limited. The objective of the study was to explore cross‐genera transferability of sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers from related legumes and assess their utility in lentils. Thirty lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. subsp. culinaris) accessions were evaluated for genetic similarity analysis using cross‐genera STMS markers. Thirty‐nine STMS markers amplified 68 alleles with an average of 1.74 alleles per locus. Twenty lentil‐specific STMS markers produced a total of 36 amplicons, of which 90% (18) markers were polymorphic. A maximum of four alleles were obtained with primers SSR13 and SSR19. Of 47 STMS markers from other legume genera, only 19 markers produced 32 scorable amplicons, and only 58% (11) of the amplified markers exhibited polymorphism. The polymorphism information content values observed with lentil specific markers ranged from 0.02 to 0.99, while for transferrable markers it ranged from 0.06 to 0.84. Maximum genetic similarity was observed between ‘NDL1’ and ‘LH84‐8’ (0.942) and minimum between ‘PL234’ and ‘Precoz’ (0.709). The dendrogram based on Jaccard's similarity coefficients showed limited genetic variability among the cultivars included in the present study. A combination of lentil‐specific and transferrable STMS markers was successfully used for identification of genetic similarity in lentil germplasm.
Genetic Characterization and Molecular Mapping Pse‐2 Gene for Resistance to Halo Blight in Common Bean
Authors: Miklas Phillip N. , Fourie Deidré , Trapp Jennifer , Larsen Richard C. , Chavarro Carolina , Blair Matthew W. , Gepts Paul
Published: October 2011

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Burkholder) Young et al. (Psp) causes halo blight, which is a serious bacterial disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Several resistance (R) genes have been discovered in host differential cultivar ZAA 12. Our objectives were to further characterize and enable marker‐assisted selection (MAS) of the Pse‐2 gene in ZAA 12 purported to have broad effect against multiple Psp races. A recombinant inbred population, ZAA 12 × ‘Canadian Wonder’, was challenged by the halo blight pathogen differential set consisting of nine Psp races. The resistance conferred by Pse‐2 to races 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9 expanded the effect known for this gene from three to seven races. Segregation in F2 populations confirmed dominant inheritance for Pse‐2 against all races except Race 8. Resistance to Race 8 was recessively inherited and most closely fit a 7 resistant to 9 susceptible segregation ratio in the F2 generation. Perhaps other genes are segregating that modify the effect of Pse‐2 against Race 8. A sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker tightly linked with Pse‐2 was generated. The marker was used to integrate Pse‐2 to chromosome 10. A survey of lines and cultivars revealed the SCAR will have broad utility for MAS of Pse‐2.
Freezing Tolerance and Seasonal Color of Experimental Zoysiagrasses
Authors: Okeyo David O. , Fry Jack D. , Bremer Dale , Rajashekar Channa B. , Kennelly Megan , Chandra Ambika , Genovesi Dennis A. , Engelke Milton C.
Published: October 2011

Meyer zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) is the most widely used cultivar in the transition zone of the United States due, in part, to its excellent freezing tolerance. Ten zoysiagrass progeny from crosses between Z. matrella (L.) Merr. × Z. japonica or ‘Emerald’ [Z. japonica × Z. matrella (L.) Merr. var. pacifica Goudswaard] × Meyer, ‘Cavalier’ (Z. matrella), and DALZ 0102 (Z. japonica) were evaluated for (i) freezing tolerance, (ii) autumn and spring color, and (iii) a relationship between autumn color and freezing tolerance. Turfgrass cores were sampled from the field near Manhattan, KS, in October, December, or February and exposed to temperatures from −6 to −22°C in the laboratory. Lethal temperatures resulting in death of 50% of tillers (LT50) after 6 wk of recovery in the greenhouse ranged from −0.2 C to −12.2°C. All grasses were equivalent to Meyer in freezing tolerance except Cavalier on three of five sampling dates and one Z. matrella × Z. japonica progeny in December 2007, which were inferior to Meyer. Digital image analysis indicated that five progeny were superior to Meyer in autumn green color retention, but none were superior to Meyer in spring green color. Autumn color in 2007 was positively correlated (r = 0.40 to 0.58, p ≤ 0.05) with LT50 in December 2007. However, autumn color was also positively correlated with color the following spring (r = 0.31 to 0.72). These progeny demonstrated good freezing tolerance and, in some cases, superior autumn color compared to Meyer.
Plant Breeding Graduate Education: Opinions about Critical Knowledge, Experience, and Skill Requirements from Public and Private Stakeholders Worldwide
Authors: Repinski Shelby L. , Hayes Kathryn N. , Miller Jamie K. , Trexler Cary J. , Bliss Fredrick A.
Published: October 2011

Plant breeders play a critical role in crop improvement, yet recent studies have shown that there may not be enough skilled breeders to meet current and future demands. A survey of three expert stakeholders groups, public breeders from developed countries (PUB), private breeders from developed countries (PRI), and breeders from developing countries (DEV), was conducted to determine what knowledge, experiences, and skills plant breeding students should have at completion of a graduate degree. All groups recognized knowledge of plant breeding, statistics, and genetics, as well as experiences and skills in practical breeding, experimental design, and field work as important. In addition, DEV and PUB stakeholders rated plant genetic resources and plant diversity, germplasm management, scientific communication, and field visits as important, and they emphasized interdisciplinary work, leadership, and teamwork. Each sector also highlighted unique needs. The DEV sector emphasized policy and law and regulatory, and the PUB sector placed importance on extension and skills in lab techniques, assessing genetic diversity, and using genomic information. The PRI sector emphasized knowledge about biotechnology and seed business and experience in experimental design, and computer database and program management. Reassessment of plant breeding education programs should incorporate new scientific knowledge and emerging technologies while retaining core knowledge and essential practices and skills.
Photosynthetic Consequences of Late Leaf Spot Differ between Two Peanut Cultivars with Variable Levels of Resistance
Authors: Singh Maninder P. , Erickson John E. , Boote Kenneth J. , Tillman Barry L. , van Bruggen Ariena H.C. , Jones James W.
Published: October 2011

Late leaf spot (LLS) caused by Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton reduces leaf CO2 assimilation rate (Asat) and accelerates leaf defoliation, which together lead to major reductions in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield worldwide. This study was conducted to determine whether differences in photosynthetic response to LLS severity exist among peanut cultivars of differing resistance. Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to study the effects of LLS on Asat of tagged leaf cohorts, and photosynthetic response of similar age leaves to LLS in peanut cultivars with more (York) and less (Carver) quantitative resistance. A nonlinear model, y = (1 − x)β was used to analyze Asat data, where y is relative Asat, x is measured visual lesion area, and β represents the relationship between virtual and visual lesion area. Progression of LLS severity on leaf cohorts was slower in York than in Carver. However, the reduction in Asat with leaf cohort age was similar across the cultivars. This paradox could be explained by a higher β value in York (4.6) than in Carver (3.6), indicating a greater relative reduction in Asat beyond the necrotic lesion area in York. This greater reduction in Asat in York compared to Carver was most closely related to a reduction in maximum carboxylation velocity. Results indicated that future efforts to improve LLS resistance should include sustaining Asat in response to LLS infection along with slower disease progress.
Increasing Maize Productivity in China by Planting Hybrids with Germplasm that Responds Favorably to Higher Planting Densities
Authors: Li Yu , Ma Xinglin , Wang Tianyu , Li Yongxiao , Liu Cheng , Liu Zhizhai , Sun Baocheng , Shi Yunsu , Song Yanchun , Carlone Mario , Bubeck David , Bhardwaj Hans , Whitaker David , Wilson William , Jones Elizabeth , Wright Kevin , Sun Shuku , Niebur William , Smith Stephen
Published: October 2011

We compared yield, genetic gain, and morphology for two sets of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids using yield test plots grown in China at different planting densities. One set comprised 29 Chinese maize hybrids that were individually widely grown in China during 1964 through 2001. A second set comprised U.S. hybrids that were used either during the 1960s or during the 2000s. The U.S. hybrids had higher yields for both 1960s and 2000s comparisons. United States hybrids showed highest genetic gain (81 kg ha−1) at the highest planting density (67,550 plants ha−1) whereas the highest rate of gain for Chinese hybrids was 62 kg ha−1 at the medium planting density (52,500 plants ha−1). Unlike the Chinese hybrids, U.S. hybrids showed significant interaction with planting density. Chronologically, all hybrids showed morphological changes for many characteristics, often at different rates, and occasionally in different directions. Pedigree and molecular marker data showed U.S. and Chinese hybrids to be very different germplasm with decades‐old U.S. germplasm contributing even to recently developed and widely used Chinese hybrids. Chinese maize agricultural production can rapidly and significantly benefit from adopting breeding and agronomic strategies that allow for improved yield under higher planting densities.
Resistance to Phomopsis Seed Decay Identified in Maturity Group V Soybean Plant Introductions
Authors: Li Shuxian , Smith James R. , Nelson Randall L.
Published: October 2011

Phomopsis seed decay (PSD) of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., caused primarily by Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs, is the major cause of poor seed quality in most soybean‐growing countries. To identify soybean lines with resistance to PSD, seeds of 208 representative maturity group V soybean plant introductions obtained from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection in 2006 were plated on cultural medium and assayed for the percentage of Phomopsis seed infection. From these data, 122 PIs without seed infection were selected and field screened under natural infection in Stoneville, MS, in 2007. On the basis of assays of naturally infected seeds from 2006 and 2007, 14 PIs were selected for further evaluation with P. longicolla‐inoculated and noninoculated treatments in 2008 and 2009. Plant introduction 424324B was identified as the most PSD‐resistant line. It had no Phomopsis infection in the seed plating assays from 2006, 2007, and 2008. In 2009, frequent rainfall during seed maturation led to high levels of seed infection by P. longicolla (up to 80%) and other fungal pathogens on most of the soybean lines tested in Stoneville, MS. However, only 1 and 2% of the seeds from PI 424324B were infected by P. longicolla in the noninoculated and inoculated treatments, respectively. Plant introduction 458130 was also resistant to PSD, with no seed infection from the naturally infected trials in 2006 and 2007 and less than 3% Phomopsis seed infection in the 2008 and 2009 inoculated trails. These resistant accessions can be used to develop cultivars resistant to PSD.
Evaluation of maximum power point tracking methods for photovoltaic systems
Authors: Talha Abdelaziz , Boumaaraf Houria , Bouhali Omar
Published: October 2011

Evaluation of maximum power point tracking methods for photovoltaic systems

The output characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) arrays are nonlinear and change with the solar irradiance and the cell's temperature. Therefore, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is needed to draw peak power from the solar array to maximize the produced energy. Among the hill climbing methods, the perturb and observe (P&O) method tracks the maximum power point (MPP) by repeatedly increasing or decreasing the output voltage at the MPP of the PV module. The implementation of the method is relatively simple, but it cannot track the MPP when the irradiance varies quickly with time. In addition, itmay cause system oscillation around the peak power points due to the effect of measurement noise. The incremental conductance (IncCond) method is also often used in PV systems. This method tracks the MPPs by comparing the incremental and instantaneous conductances of the solar array. This method requires longer conversion time, and a large amount of power loss results. In addition, extra hardware circuitry is required to implement the system. In this paper, it is shown that the negative effects associated with such a drawback can be greatly reduced if the intelligent method is used to improve P&O and IncCond algorithms. The perturbation step is continuously approximated by using fuzzy logic controller (FLC). By the digital simulation, the validity of the proposed control algorithm is proved.
Raman amplification of optical pulses in silicon nanowaveguides: Impact of spectral broadening of pump pulses
Authors: Baron Alexandre , Dubreuil Nicolas , Delaye Philippe , Frey Robert , Agrawal Govind P.
Published: October 2011

We consider the Raman amplification problem for silicon waveguides in the regime in which both the pump and signal pulses are relatively short but wide enough that their duration exceeds the phonon lifetime (about 3 ps in silicon). We use the coupled pump-signal equations for numerical simulations that include all competing nonlinear effects such as self- and cross-phase modulations, two-photon and free-carrier absorptions, and changes in the refractive index induced by the free carriers. However, numerical simulations do not provide much physical insight. For this reason, we also develop an approximate analytic approach for solving the Raman amplification problem. We introduce the concept of an effective Raman gain and show analytically how it depends on the pump bandwidth. As the pump spectrum broadens inside the silicon waveguide, the effective Raman gain is reduced considerably. We obtain an analytical form of the nonlinear phase accumulated during propagation inside a silicon waveguide and use it to calculate the total spectral broadening experienced by a pump pulse. Using this result, we can predict changes in the effective Raman gain as a function of pump pulse energy. A comparison of our predictions with the recent experimental data shows that our model is reasonable and captures the essential physics.
Association of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis with Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome
Authors: Kumar Anil T , U Sudhir , Gupta Bakul , Kempegowda Punith
Published: October 2011

Primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune disorder affecting exclusively liver. There has been association of this autoimmune disease with various other neurological counterparts, but Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome in conjunction with primary biliary cirrhosis is unreported yet. Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome is a disorder of eye movement with an ill-defined etiology. It may be idiopathic or present as a paraneoplastic manifestation with a low response to therapeutic modalities. We present a case of primary biliary cirrhosis that developed Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome during an exaggeration of disease process which responded well to intravenous corticosteroids. Knowledge of association of Primary biliary cirrhosis with Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome and its good response to treatment in this setting will help in reducing morbidity in similar situations. Key Words: Primary biliary cirrhosis; Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.3536 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 110-112
A Rare Case of Pyoderma Gangrenosum in a HIV Positive Patient
Authors: Loganathan Eswari , Banu Asima
Published: October 2011

HIV infection can lead to varied spectrum of associated disease conditions. Pyoderma gangrenosum is a neutrophilic dermatosis that may be associated with myeloid malignancies. Less information is available about the association of pyoderma gangrenosum with lymphoid malignancies. We report a rare case of pyoderma gangrenosum in association with Non hodgkins lymphoma(NHL) of diffuse large B cell type. In this case the lesion which showed NHL features occurred in the perianal region, coexisting with pyoderma gangrenosum lesions in the perianal, lower limb and abdominal region. Another interesting feature is the occurrence of both these conditions in a HIV-positive patient with severe immunologic failure to first line antiretroviral therapy contributing to the refractoriness to treatment. Key Words: HIV; pyoderma gangrenosum; Non Hodgkins Lymphoma DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.4029 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 128-130
Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiotics Combination Approach to Control the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Strains Isolated from the Hospital Derived Fomites
Authors: Dudhagara Pravin R , Ghelani Anjana D , Patel Rajesh K
Published: October 2011

Objective: The emergence of antibiotic resistant Stphylococcus aureus strains have resulted in significant treatment difficulties which have imposed a burden on health care systems and simultaneously intensifying the need for new antimicrobial agents. Therefore, we have designed the study to determine the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern along with evaluation of antibiotic combination approach. Material & Methods: Isolation and identification of MRSA was carried out using Mannitol salt agar followed by Baird-Parker Agar and Vojel-Johnson Agar media. Strains were tested for the sensitivity against five β-lactum, two macrolide and one fluoroquinolone class of antibiotic. Further sensitivity was confirmed using 9 diverse- second and third generation antibiotics. MIC value of individual and mixture of antibiotics were measured using Mueller-Hinton broth. Results: Total 10 stains of S. aureus were isolated and characterised using standard biochemical tests. They were identified using on-line identification tool- GIDEON (Global Infectious Disease and Epidemiology Network). Almost 50% strains were reported having variable reaction against at least one or more antibiotic. By the use of augmentin (30μg), cephotaxime (30μg), ceftriaxone (30μg), cefuroxime (30μg), ciprofloxacin (5μg), clindamycin (2μg), gentamycin (10μg), lincomycin (2μg) and tobramycin (10μg) further susceptibility tesing was carried out which reveals absolute resistant in 70% of strains, whereas, remeaning strains were seen having variable responses against five antibiotics. However, with comparison to standard antibiotic zone of inhibition, all strains were categorized as a resistant. An individual application of ampicillin, tetracycline and amikacin required higher concentration to inhibited all the stains while combination of two or three antibiotics were identified having low MIC value. Combination of tetracycline with sulbactam and cefoperazone was found best to contol MRSA. Conclusion: Study highlights the wide spread presence of MRSA strains in fomites derived from hospital. These indicate the need of more precaution in clinic area to control the spread of the MRSA. Amalgamation of antibiotics is an effective remedy for MRSA infections and promising approach in developing country. Key Words: Antibiotics combination; fomites; MRSA; Staphylococcus aureus DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.4258 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 72-78
The Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides as Biocides
Authors: Laverty Garry , Gorman Sean P. , Gilmore Brendan F.
Published: October 2011

Antimicrobial peptides constitute a diverse class of naturally occurring antimicrobial molecules which have activity against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. Antimicrobial peptides are exciting leads in the development of novel biocidal agents at a time when classical antibiotics are under intense pressure from emerging resistance, and the global industry in antibiotic research and development stagnates. This review will examine the potential of antimicrobial peptides, both natural and synthetic, as novel biocidal agents in the battle against multi-drug resistant pathogen infections.
Mechanical Properties of Titanium Nitride Nanocomposites Produced by Chemical Precursor Synthesis Followed by High-P,T Treatment
Authors: Bailey Edward , Ray Nicole M. T. , Hector Andrew L. , Crozier Peter , Petuskey William T. , McMillan Paul F.
Published: October 2011

We investigated the high-P,T annealing and mechanical properties of nanocomposite materials with a highly nitrided bulk composition close to Ti3N4. Amorphous solids were precipitated from solution by ammonolysis of metal dialkylamide precursors followed by heating at 400–700 °C in flowing NH3 to produce reddish-brown amorphous/nanocrystalline materials. The precursors were then densified at 2 GPa and 200–700 °C to form monolithic ceramics. There was no evidence for N2 loss during the high-P,T treatment. Micro- and nanoindentation experiments indicate hardness values between 4–20 GPa for loads ranging between 0.005–3 N. Young's modulus values were measured to lie in the range 200–650 GPa. Palmqvist cracks determined from microindentation experiments indicate fracture toughness values between 2–4 MPa·m1/2 similar to Si3N4, SiC and Al2O3. Significant variations in the hardness may be associated with the distribution of amorphous/crystalline regions and the very fine grained nature (~3 nm grain sizes) of the crystalline component in these materials.
Rucuma e Petra
Authors: Vattioni Francesco
Published: October 2011

Rucuma, toponyme de l'ancienne Tunisie, doit son nom à la racine rqm probablement à cause des couleurs variées de ses terres, de même que Pétra était dans l'antiquité appelée Rqm pour la variété des couleurs de ses rochers.
Nota sobre las ánforas II y III de Kuass (Marruecos)
Authors: Lopez Pardo Fernando
Published: October 2011

The amphora manufacturing seems to be the principal activity in Kuass potteries, at least since fith century b.c. At first, the amphoras produced in those furnace, were classified in four types. If we fix on types II and III, we pretend to demostrate that it is only one type, known at present like Mañá-Pascual A4. We think type II restitution is caused by a wrong reconstruction from Banassa amphoras fragments.

On the other hand, we want to certain through the last findings of this type in Gibraltar area, that it is a type of salting amphora, and deduce that Kuass potteries had to provide of amphoras to the salting industry nearby, not documented in this zone at that time.
Die Datierung nach numidischen Königsjahren
Authors: Huss Werner
Published: October 2011

The datation of Numidian kingdoms under Massylian rule is studied from the KAI 1 12 inscription = El Hofra 63. It is observed that the Numidian king's years of reign did not follow the Egypto-hellenistic model, but were calculated according to the Babylonian model. The period separating the sovereigns' accession to the throne from the beginning of the new year, might have been referred to as « the beginning of the reign ». In accordance to this way of reckoning, the datation of 13 Punic inscriptions referring to reigns, is reconsidered. The author brings further accuracy on the first years of Massinissa's reign.
Pavimentos africanos con espectaculos de toros. [Estudio comparativo a proposito del mosaico de Silin (Tripolitania)]
Authors: Blazquez Martinez José Maria , Lopez Monteagudo Guadalupe , Neira Jimenez Maria Luisa , San Nicolas Pedraz Maria Pia
Published: October 2011

El mosaico descubierto en la villa romana de Silin (Tripolitania) con representación de una escena de condenados lanzados al aire por un toro, sirve de punto de partida a los autores para hacer un estudio comparativo de los pavimentos norteafricanos de anfiteatro en los que intervienen toros. Se utiliza para la interpretación de las escenas tanto las fuentes arqueológicas, como literarias que ilustran, de forma especial estas últimas, acerca de las distintas clases de espectáculos con toros que se daban en los anfiteatros romanos : damnati ad bestias, empleo de maniquíes, juegos acrobáticos (contomonobolori), combates de hombres contra toros, luchas de toros con otros animales, taurokathapsia, uenationes, etc. Las representaciones musivarias norteafricanas tienen paralelos en otros pavimentos del imperio romano y también en sigillatas, pinturas, relieves, sarcófagos, contorniati y dípticos en marfil, lo que demuestra que en el s. V aún seguían celebrándose esta clase de espectáculos. La iconografía pone de manifiesto, asimismo, la relación que algunas de estas escenas tienen con Dionysos y Diana. Según los autores, los mosaicos con representación de munera uenationum et gladiatorium, así como los « retratos-inventario », debian jugar el mismo papel que los dípticos en marfil, es decir, se trataría de conmemorar la gloria del funcionario, cuya casa adornaban, evocando los ludi por él ofrecidos.
Les marques de potiers sur terra sigillata découvertes en Algérie. [IV/1. Sigillée italique]
Authors: Guéry Roger
Published: October 2011

Cet article, qui fait suite à ceux consacrés aux marques de potiers hispaniques et gallo-romaines (Ant. afr., 13, 1979, p. 23-97), tardo-italiques (ibid., 23, 1987, p. 149-191), orientale, pseudo-tripolitaines et d'origines diverses (ibid., 26, 1990, p. 87-112), constitue le premier d'une série qui se propose de publier les estampilles italiques. Leur classement respecte celui adopté par le Corpus Vasorum Arretinorum et le présent catalogue intéresse les officines comprises entre celles de A ( ) (CVArr, 2) et de C. M ( ) R ( ) (CVArr, 979). Un commentaire accompagne les ateliers les plus importants pour lesquels est donnée, à partir d'études encore inédites, la diffusion de leurs produits dans l'ensemble de l'Afrique Mineure.
Sur une inscription de Volubilis
Authors: Gascou Jacques
Published: October 2011

This is a re-examination of the inscription IAM, 2, 448, recalling the privileges obtained for his city by M. Valerius Severus after his mission to Emperor Claudius. We offer an answer to the objections made to our previous interpretation {Ant. Afr., 12, 1978, p. 109-124). The emperors who granted ciuitas romanas to a relatively important part of the Volubilis aristocracy, undoubtedly also conferred conubium on to them, in order to create genuine Roman families and thus to sponsor the pro-Roman party in Volubilis. Consequently, the scheme we had suggested is not to be modified : the death of entire families of Roman citizens during Aedemon's war certainly is the reason why Valerius Severus asked Claudius to dispose, in favour of the municipium, of large ownerless properties which should otherwise have been devolved to the Imperial Treasury. This measure was aimed at helping a town, which had cruelly suffered for the sake of Rome, to recover its wealth.
Les îles Kneiss et le monastère de Fulgence de Ruspe
Authors: Oueslati Ameur , Paskoff Roland , Slim Hédi , Trousset Pol
Published: October 2011

La localisation dans une des îles du banc des Kneiss d'un monastère où avait séjourné l'évêque de Ruspe, d'après le témoignage de Ferrand, avait été pressentie depuis le siècle dernier ; mais Ch. Saumagne et L. Poinssot avaient cru pouvoir démontrer, sur la foi des indications de la Vie de Fulgence, que le monastère en question devait se trouver plus près du littoral, sur une bande de terre basse voisine du Ras Yonga. Or, des découvertes significatives effectuées depuis par P. Cintas et L. Feuille avaient permis de revenir à la localisation antérieure et de préciser, en reconnaissant les vestiges du monastère, de quel îlot il s'agissait.

Une prospection systématique, réalisée dans le cadre du programme tuniso-français d'étude du littoral de la Tunisie dans l'antiquité, a donné l'occasion de reconnaître l'ensemble du banc des Kneiss - côté terre et côté îles - et de confirmer la localisation du monastère dans l'îlot du milieu (Dzirat el Laboua) de l'archipel des Surkenis, au sud de la grande Kneiss (Dzirat el Bessila).

Parmi les pièces nouvelles à verser à ce dossier déjà ancien, des éléments inédits sont apparus qui mettent en lumière une modification sensible de la configuration du littoral depuis l'antiquité dans ce secteur de la Petite Syrte. C'est ainsi que la présence d'une communauté nombreuse de moines sur un îlot aussi minuscule ne laissait pas de surprendre. En réalité, il apparaît que son étendue a été considérablement réduite au cours des siècles, à la fois par l'érosion des vagues et par le relèvement du niveau de la mer, lesquels, ensemble, sont responsables de sa submersion progressive.

Les très faibles profondeurs, inférieures au mètre, qui entourent les îlots de l'archipel des petites Kneiss, donnent à penser qu'ils représentent en fait les restes d'une île unique qui dans l'antiquité était encore suffisamment étendue pour être le siège d'un grand monastère. D'ailleurs, divers portulans du Moyen Âge et de la Renaissance, signalés par d'Avezac, mentionnent une île seulement à l'emplacement des îlots d'aujourd'hui. L'expression arabe de Surkenis (le mur de Kneiss) pourrait se référer à une situation ancienne où ces îlots constituaient une même île de forme allongée.

C'est là un cas exemplaire où les données croisées de l'histoire et de la géomorphologie permettent de mieux replacer les sites archéologiques dans leur environnement naturel - plus changeant qu'on ne croit ordinairement - tout en donnant à l'analyse de ces modifications en cours des repères utilement datés.
A retrospective study of tibial plateau translation following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy stabilisation using three different plate types
Authors: Corr S. A. , Grierson J. , Arthurs G. , Woodbridge N.
Published: October 2011

Objective:To retrospectively evaluate mediolateral translation of the proximal tibial segment (tibial plateau) after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO), stabilised with three types of plate.

Method: Pre- and postoperative radiographs of 79 dogs that had TPLO surgery using three different types of plates were reviewed. Two plate types incorporated non-locking screws: Slocum (22 cases) and Orthomed Delta (33 cases) plates. The third plate type incorporated locking screws: Synthes TPLO Locking Compression Plate (LCP) (24 cases). The radio-graphs were viewed by three Diplomate surgeons who were blinded to the type of implant used. Medial or lateral translation of the proximal tibial plateau relative to the tibial diaphysis was assessed and measured at the lateral tibial cortex at the osteotomy site.

Results: Mean lateral translation of the tibial plateau was significantly greater when using the Synthes TPLO LCP with locking screws (+2.1 mm) compared to the non-locking Slocum (+0.4 mm) or Orthomed Delta (0.0 mm) plates.

Clinical significance: The use of the Synthes TPLO LCP will maintain a malalignment of the tibial plateau. Accurate alignment of the tibial plateau must be ensured prior to application of the Synthes TPLO LCP.
Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy implant removal: A retrospective analysis of 129 cases
Authors: Bergh M. S. , Wang C. , Wells K. , Thompson A. M.
Published: October 2011

Objective: To evaluate a cohort of dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) implant removal to determine key clinical features, prevalence, and indications for implant removal.

Methods: Medical records of dogs undergoing TPLO implant removal at a private referral practice (Dallas Veterinary Surgical Center) between 2004–2008 were reviewed. Patient signalment, implant type, presence of concurrent medical disease, surgeon, antibiotic use, aerobic bacterial culture result, and operative findings were recorded. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, Fisher’s exact test, and Wilcoxon-rank sum test. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05.

Results: The TPLO implants were removed from 126 dogs (n = 129, 4.8% of TPLO procedures) during the study period. Average time interval from TPLO to implant removal was 16.0 ± 17.8 months. The most common clinical signs were the presence of an open wound (n = 80), draining tract (n = 64), and lameness (n = 59). Culture of tissue or fluid from the implant bed or implants was positive for bacterial growth in 95/115 cases. A significantly greater proportion of the implants removed were Slocum TPLO plates (n = 109 6.1%) when compared to other TPLO plate types (n = 20 2.3%) (p <0.0001). No association was identified between a positive bacterial culture and measured variables.

Clinical significance: Local bacterial infection and clinical signs of inflammation were the most common reasons for TPLO implant removal. There may be an increased implant-associated complication rate for Slocum TPLO plates in the study population.
Effect of the length of the superficial plate on bending stiffness, bending strength and strain distribution in stacked 2.0–2.7 veterinary cuttable plate constructs
Authors: Gibson T. W. G. , Moens N. M. M. , Runciman R. J. , Allen D. G. , Monteith G. M. , Bichot S.
Published: October 2011

Objectives: Use of stacked veterinary cut-table plates (VCP) increases the construct stiffness, but it also increases the stress protection and concentrates the stress at the extremities of the implants. We hypothesized that by shortening the superficial plate, it would not reduce the stiffness of the construct, but that it would reduce the stress concentration at the plate ends.

Methods: A 3 mm fracture gap model was created with copolymer acetal rods, stacked 2.0–2.7 VCP and 2.7 screws. The constructs consisted of an 11-hole VCP bottom plate and a 5-, 7-, 9- or 11-hole VCP superficial plate. Five of each construct were randomly tested for failure in four-point bending and axial loading. Stiffness, load at yield, and area under the curve until contact (AUC) were measured. Strains were recorded during elastic deformation for each configuration.

Results: During both testing methods, stiffness, load at yield and AUC progressively decreased when decreasing the length of the superficial plate. No statistically significant differences were obtained for load at yield in four-point bending and AUC in axial loading. The strain within the implant over the gap increased as the length of the superficial plate decreased.

Clinical significance: Shortening the superficial plate reduces the stiffness and strength of the construct, and decreases stress concentration at the implants ends. As the cross section of the implant covering the gap remained constant, friction between the plates may play a role in the mechanical properties of stacked VCP.