bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Millisecond Magnetar Birth Connects FRB 121102 to Superluminous Supernovae and Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Metzger Brian D. , Berger Edo , Margalit Ben
Published: May 2017

Subarcsecond localization of the repeating fast radio burst FRB 121102 revealed its coincidence with a dwarf host galaxy and a steady (“quiescent”) nonthermal radio source. We show that the properties of the host galaxy are consistent with those of long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRB) and hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I). Both LGRBs and SLSNe-I were previously hypothesized to be powered by the electromagnetic spin-down of newly formed, strongly magnetized neutron stars with millisecond birth rotation periods (“millisecond magnetars”). This motivates considering a scenario whereby the repeated bursts from FRB 121102 originate from a young magnetar remnant embedded within a young hydrogen-poor supernova (SN) remnant. Requirements on the gigahertz free–free optical depth through the expanding SN ejecta (accounting for photoionization by the rotationally powered magnetar nebula), energetic constraints on the bursts, and constraints on the size of the quiescent source all point to an age of less than a few decades. The quiescent radio source can be attributed to synchrotron emission from the shock interaction between the fast outer layer of the supernova ejecta with the surrounding wind of the progenitor star, or the radio source can from deeper within the magnetar wind nebula as outlined in Metzger et al. Alternatively, the radio emission could be an orphan afterglow from an initially off-axis LGRB jet, though this might require the source to be too young. The young age of the source can be tested by searching for a time derivative of the dispersion measure and the predicted fading of the quiescent radio source. We propose future tests of the SLSNe-I/LGRB/FRB connection, such as searches for FRBs from nearby SLSNe-I/LGRBs on timescales of decades after their explosions.
Fluorescent H2 Emission Lines from the Reflection Nebula NGC 7023 Observed with IGRINS
Authors: Le Huynh Anh N. , Pak Soojong , Kaplan Kyle , Mace Gregory , Lee Sungho , Pavel Michael , Jeong Ueejeong , Oh Heeyoung , Lee Hye-In , Chun Moo-Young , Yuk In-Soo , Pyo Tae-Soo , Hwang Narae , Kim Kang-Min , Park Chan , Oh Jae Sok , Yu Young Sam , Park Byeong-Gon , Minh Young Chol , Jaffe Daniel T.
Published: May 2017

We have analyzed the temperature, velocity, and density of H2 gas in NGC 7023 with a high-resolution near-infrared spectrum of the northwestern filament of the reflection nebula. By observing NGC 7023 in the H and K bands at R ≃ 45,000 with the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph, we detected 68 H2 emission lines within the 1″ × 15″ slit. The diagnostic ratio of 2-1 S(1)/1-0 S(1) is 0.41−0.56. In addition, the estimated ortho-to-para ratio (OPR) is 1.63−1.82, indicating that the H2 emission transitions in the observed region arise mostly from gas excited by UV fluorescence. Gradients in the temperature, velocity, and OPR within the observed area imply motion of the photodissociation region (PDR) relative to the molecular cloud. In addition, we derive the column density of H2 from the observed emission lines and compare these results with PDR models in the literature covering a range of densities and incident UV field intensities. The notable difference between PDR model predictions and the observed data, in high rotational J levels of ν = 1, is that the predicted formation temperature for newly formed H2 should be lower than that of the model predictions. To investigate the density distribution, we combine pixels in 1″ × 1″ areas and derive the density distribution at the 0.002 pc scale. The derived gradient of density suggests that NGC 7023 has a clumpy structure, including a high clump density of ∼105 cm−3 with a size smaller than ∼5 × 10−3 pc embedded in lower-density regions of 103–104 cm−3.
Applications of the k–ω Model in Stellar Evolutionary Models
Authors: Li Yan
Published: May 2017

The k–ω model for turbulence was first proposed by Kolmogorov. A new k–ω model for stellar convection was developed by Li, which could reasonably describe turbulent convection not only in the convectively unstable zone, but also in the overshooting regions. We revised the k–ω model by improving several model assumptions (including the macro-length of turbulence, convective heat flux, and turbulent mixing diffusivity, etc.), making it applicable not only for convective envelopes, but also for convective cores. Eight parameters are introduced in the revised k–ω model. It should be noted that the Reynolds stress (turbulent pressure) is neglected in the equation of hydrostatic support. We applied it into solar models and 5 M
⊙ stellar models to calibrate the eight model parameters, as well as to investigate the effects of the convective overshooting on the Sun and intermediate mass stellar models.
Shock Dynamics in Stellar Outbursts. I. Shock Formation
Authors: Ro Stephen , Matzner Christopher D.
Published: May 2017

Wave-driven outflows and non-disruptive explosions have been implicated in pre-supernova outbursts, supernova impostors, luminous blue variable eruptions, and some narrow-line and superluminous supernovae. To model these events, we investigate the dynamics of stars set in motion by strong acoustic pulses and wave trains, focusing on nonlinear wave propagation, shock formation, and an early phase of the development of a weak shock. We identify the shock formation radius, showing that a heuristic estimate based on crossing characteristics matches an exact expansion around the wave front and verifying both with numerical experiments. Our general analytical condition for shock formation applies to one-dimensional motions within any static environment, including both eruptions and implosions. We also consider the early phase of shock energy dissipation. We find that waves of super-Eddington acoustic luminosity always create shocks, rather than damping by radiative diffusion. Therefore, shock formation is integral to super-Eddington outbursts.
The Galaxy–Halo Connection in High-redshift Universe: Details and Evolution of Stellar-to-halo Mass Ratios of Lyman Break Galaxies on CFHTLS Deep Fields
Authors: Ishikawa Shogo , Kashikawa Nobunari , Toshikawa Jun , Tanaka Masayuki , Hamana Takashi , Niino Yuu , Ichikawa Kohei , Uchiyama Hisakazu
Published: May 2017

We present the results of clustering analyses of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at

, 4, and 5 using the final data release of the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS). Deep- and wide-field images of the CFHTLS Deep Survey enable us to obtain sufficiently accurate two-point angular correlation functions to apply a halo occupation distribution analysis. The mean halo masses, calculated as

, increase with the stellar-mass limit of LBGs. The threshold halo mass to have a central galaxy,

follows the same increasing trend as the low-z results, whereas the threshold halo mass to have a satellite galaxy, M
1, shows higher values at

than

, over the entire stellar mass range. Satellite fractions of dropout galaxies, even at less massive halos, are found to drop sharply, from z = 2 down to less than 0.04, at

. These results suggest that satellite galaxies form inefficiently within dark halos at

, even for less massive satellites with

. We compute stellar-to-halo mass ratios (SHMRs) assuming a main sequence of galaxies, which is found to provide SHMRs consistent with those derived from a spectral energy distribution fitting method. The observed SHMRs are in good agreement with model predictions based on the abundance-matching method, within

confidence intervals. We derive observationally, for the first time,

, which is the halo mass at a peak in the star-formation efficiency, at

, and it shows a small increasing trend with cosmic time at

. In addition,

and its normalization are found to be almost unchanged during

. Our study provides observational evidence that galaxy formation is ubiquitously most efficient near a halo mass of

over cosmic time.
MC2: A Deeper Look at ZwCl 2341.1+0000 with Bayesian Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing Analyses
Authors: Benson B. , Wittman D. M. , Golovich N. , Jee M. James , van Weeren R. J. , Dawson W. A.
Published: May 2017

ZwCl 2341.1+0000, a merging galaxy cluster with disturbed X-ray morphology and widely separated (∼3 Mpc) double radio relics, was thought to be an extremely massive (

10
–
30
×

10

14

M

⊙

) and complex system, with little known about its merger history. We present JVLA 2–4 GHz observations of the cluster, along with new spectroscopy from our Keck/DEIMOS survey, and apply Gaussian Mixture Modeling to the three-dimensional distribution of 227 confirmed cluster galaxies. After adopting the Bayesian Information Criterion to avoid overfitting, which we discover can bias high the total dynamical mass estimates, we find that a three-substructure model with a total dynamical mass estimate of

9.39
±
0.81
×

10

14

M

⊙

is favored. We also present deep Subaru imaging and perform the first weak lensing analysis on this system, obtaining a weak lensing mass estimate of

5.57
±
2.47
×

10

14

M

⊙

. This is a more robust estimate because it does not depend on the dynamical state of the system, which is disturbed due to the merger. Our results indicate that ZwCl 2341.1+0000 is a multiple merger system comprised of at least three substructures, with the main merger that produced the radio relics occurring near the plane of the sky, and a younger merger in the north occurring closer to the line of sight. Dynamical modeling of the main merger reproduces observed quantities (relic positions and polarizations, subcluster separation and radial velocity difference), if the merger axis angle of

∼

10

−
6

+
34

degrees and the collision speed at pericenter is

∼

1900

−
200

+
300

km s−1.
Structure of Energetic Particle Mediated Shocks Revisited
Authors: Mostafavi P. , Zank G. P. , Webb G. M.
Published: May 2017

The structure of collisionless shock waves is often modified by the presence of energetic particles that are not equilibrated with the thermal plasma (such as pickup ions [PUIs] and solar energetic particles [SEPs]). This is relevant to the inner and outer heliosphere and the Very Local Interstellar Medium (VLISM), where observations of shock waves (e.g., in the inner heliosphere) show that both the magnetic field and thermal gas pressure are less than the energetic particle component pressures. Voyager 2 observations revealed that the heliospheric termination shock (HTS) is very broad and mediated by energetic particles. PUIs and SEPs contribute both a collisionless heat flux and a higher-order viscosity. We show that the incorporation of both effects can completely determine the structure of collisionless shocks mediated by energetic ions. Since the reduced form of the PUI-mediated plasma model is structurally identical to the classical cosmic ray two-fluid model, we note that the presence of viscosity, at least formally, eliminates the need for a gas sub-shock in the classical two-fluid model, including in that regime where three are possible. By considering parameters upstream of the HTS, we show that the thermal gas remains relatively cold and the shock is mediated by PUIs. We determine the structure of the weak interstellar shock observed by Voyager 1. We consider the inclusion of the thermal heat flux and viscosity to address the most general form of an energetic particle-thermal plasma two-fluid model.
Emission Line Ratios of FE III as Astrophysical Plasma Diagnostics
Authors: Laha Sibasish , Tyndall Niall B. , Keenan Francis P. , Ballance Connor P. , Ramsbottom Catherine A. , Ferland Gary J. , Hibbert Alan
Published: May 2017

Recent, state-of-the-art calculations of A-values and electron impact excitation rates for Fe iii are used in conjunction with the Cloudy modeling code to derive emission-line intensity ratios for optical transitions among the fine-structure levels of the 3d6 configuration. A comparison of these with high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra of gaseous nebulae reveals that previous discrepancies found between theory and observation are not fully resolved by the latest atomic data. Blending is ruled out as a likely cause of the discrepancies, because temperature- and density-independent ratios (arising from lines with common upper levels) match well with those predicted by theory. For a typical nebular plasma with electron temperature

K and electron density

, cascading of electrons from the levels

,

and

plays an important role in determining the populations of lower levels, such as

, which provide the density diagnostic emission lines of Fe iii, such as

-

at 4658 Å. Hence, further work on the A-values for these transitions is recommended, ideally including measurements if possible. However, some Fe iii ratios do provide reliable

-diagnostics, such as 4986/4658. The Fe iii cooling function, calculated with Cloudy using the most recent atomic data, is found to be significantly greater at T

e

30,000 K than predicted with the existing Cloudy model. This is due to the presence of additional emission lines with the new data, particularly in the 1000–4000 Å wavelength region.
Evidence for a Derangement of the Microvascular System in Patients with a Very Early Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Chora Inês , Romano Eloisa , Manetti Mirko , Mazzotta Celestina , Costa Raquel , Machado Vera , Cortez Alice , Bruni Cosimo , Lepri Gemma , Guiducci Serena , De Paulis Amato , Soares Raquel , Matucci-Cerinic Marco
Published: May 2017

Objective.

To investigate whether patients with a very early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (VEDOSS) may already present circulating markers and in vitro signs of microvascular dysfunction.

Methods.

Serum samples were obtained from 55 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), 25 patients with VEDOSS, and 55 matched healthy controls (HC). Serum levels of pan-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble neuropilin-1 (sNRP-1) were measured by ELISA. Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (H-MVEC) were cultured and stimulated with SSc, VEDOSS, and HC sera. Protein expression of NRP-1 was analyzed by Western blotting, cell proliferation by 5′-bromodeoxyuridine assay, migration capacity by wound-healing assay, and capillary-like tube formation by Matrigel assay.

Results.

Serum levels of pan-VEGF were increased in patients with VEDOSS and SSc versus HC (p = 0.05 and p = 0.003, respectively). Serum levels of sNRP-1 were significantly reduced in patients with VEDOSS and SSc compared with controls (p = 0.012 and p = 0.027, respectively). NRP-1 expression was decreased in H-MVEC stimulated with VEDOSS sera (p < 0.001 vs HC). Proliferation was reduced in H-MVEC stimulated either with VEDOSS or SSc sera in comparison with HC sera (p = 0.015 and p = 0.043, respectively). Wound healing was compromised in H-MVEC stimulated with VEDOSS and SSc sera versus HC sera (p < 0.01 for both). Capillarogenesis was decreased in H-MVEC stimulated with VEDOSS sera (p < 0.01) and SSc sera (p < 0.001) compared with cells stimulated with HC sera.

Conclusion.

Similar to patients with SSc, patients with VEDOSS already present biological signs of endothelial dysfunction. Our data demonstrate that VEDOSS sera significantly modify endothelial cell behavior and impair the angiogenic potential of the microvascular system.
Fli1 Deficiency Induces CXCL6 Expression in Dermal Fibroblasts and Endothelial Cells, Contributing to the Development of Fibrosis and Vasculopathy in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Taniguchi Takashi , Asano Yoshihide , Nakamura Kouki , Yamashita Takashi , Saigusa Ryosuke , Ichimura Yohei , Takahashi Takehiro , Toyama Tetsuo , Yoshizaki Ayumi , Sato Shinichi
Published: May 2017

Objective.

CXCL6, a chemokine with proangiogenic property, is reported to be involved in vasculopathy associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc). We investigated the contribution of CXCL6 to SSc development by focusing on the association of friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli1) deficiency, a potential predisposing factor of SSc, with CXCL6 expression and clinical correlation of serum CXCL6 levels.

Methods.

mRNA levels of target genes and the binding of Fli1 to theCXCL6promoter were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation, respectively. Serum CXCL6 levels were determined by ELISA.

Results.

FLI1siRNA significantly enhancedCXCL6mRNA expression in human dermal fibroblasts and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, while Fli1 haploinsufficiency significantly suppressedCXCL6mRNA expression in murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Supporting a critical role of Fli1 deficiency to induce SSc-like phenotypes,CXCL6mRNA expression was higher in SSc dermal fibroblasts than in normal dermal fibroblasts. Importantly, Fli1 bound to theCXCL6promoter in dermal fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and THP-1 cells. In patients with SSc, serum CXCL6 levels correlated positively with the severity of dermal and pulmonary fibrosis and were elevated in association with cardiac and pulmonary vascular involvement and cutaneous vascular symptoms, including Raynaud phenomenon, digital ulcers (DU)/pitting scars, and telangiectasia. Especially, serum CXCL6 levels were associated with DU/pitting scars and heart involvement by multiple regression analysis.

Conclusion.

CXCL6 expression is upregulated by Fli1 deficiency in fibroblasts and endothelial cells, potentially contributing to the development of fibrosis and vasculopathy in the skin, lung, and heart of SSc.
Elevated Expression of the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Its Correlation with Disease Activity in Adult-onset Still Disease
Authors: Hsieh Chia-Wei , Chen Yi-Ming , Lin Chi-Chen , Tang Kuo-Tung , Chen Hsin-Hua , Hung Wei-Ting , Lai Kuo-Lung , Chen Der-Yuan
Published: May 2017

Objective.

The dysregulation of the NLRP3 (NLR containing a pyrin domain) inflammasome is involved in autoinflammatory diseases. Adult-onset Still disease (AOSD) is regarded as an autoinflammatory disease. However, the pathogenic involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in AOSD remains unclear and NLRP3 activators in AOSD are currently unknown.

Methods.

The mRNA expression of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 34 patients with AOSD and 14 healthy subjects was determined using quantitative-PCR (qPCR). The changes in mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in PBMC treated with the potential activator [imiquimod (IMQ)] or inhibitor of NLRP3 were evaluated using qPCR and immunoblotting, respectively. The supernatant levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were determined by ELISA.

Results.

Significantly higher mRNA levels of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling were observed in patients with AOSD compared with healthy controls. NLRP3 expressions were positively correlated with disease activity in patients with AOSD. IMQ (an effective Toll-like receptor 7 ligand; 10 µg/ml and 25 µg/ml) stimulation of PBMC from patients with AOSD induced dose-dependent increases of mRNA expression of NLRP3 (mean ± standard error of the mean, 2.06 ± 0.46 and 6.05 ± 1.84, respectively), caspase-1 (1.81 ± 0.23 and 4.25 ± 0.48), IL-1β (5.68 ± 1.51 and 12.13 ± 3.71), and IL-18 (2.32 ± 0.37 and 4.81 ± 0.51) compared with controls (all p < 0.005). IMQ stimulation of PBMC from patients similarly induced greater increases in protein expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome compared with controls. The protein expressions of NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 on PBMC significantly decreased after treatment with NLRP3 inhibitor in patients with AOSD.

Conclusion.

Increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and its positive correlation with disease activity in AOSD suggest its involvement in disease pathogenesis. IMQ upregulated expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, and IMQ might be an activator of NLRP3 inflammasome in AOSD.
Association between Dairy Product Consumption and Incidence of Total Hip Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis
Authors: Hussain Sultana Monira , Cicuttini Flavia M. , Giles Graham G. , Graves Stephen E. , Wluka Anita E. , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: May 2017

Objective.

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine whether dairy product consumption was associated with the incidence of total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods.

There were 38,924 participants from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study who had dairy product consumption recorded in 1990–1994. The incidence of total hip arthroplasty for OA during 2001–2013 was determined by linking cohort records to the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry.

Results.

Over an average of 11.8 years of followup, 1505 total hip arthroplasties for OA were identified (524 in men, 981 in women). In men, a 1 SD increase in dairy product consumption was associated with a 21% increased incidence of total hip arthroplasty for OA (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.10–1.33), with a dose-response relationship observed for quartiles of dairy product consumption (p for trend = 0.001). These results were independent of age, body mass index, country of birth, education, smoking status, vigorous physical activity, calcium supplementation, energy consumption, circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D, hypertension, and diabetes. No significant association was observed for women (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.95–1.09).

Conclusion.

Increasing dairy product consumption was associated with an increased risk of total hip arthroplasty for men with OA, with no significant association observed for women. Understanding the mechanisms may help identify strategies to prevent hip OA, particularly for men.
Capacités et politiques d’innovation dans les pays moins avancés : enseignements tirés du cas du Sénégal
Authors: Casadella Vanessa , Tahi Sofiane
Published: May 2017

Les politiques d’innovation sont essentielles pour coordonner les acteurs, les ressources, les activités qui génèrent des innovations pour un développement répondant aux aspirations des populations dans les différents territoires. Ces politiques sont positionnées comme un levier de transformation des connaissances en changements technologiques pour le développement des économies du Sud. Elles s’appréhendent à travers la construction de capacités d’innovation mais également de capabilités permettant un meilleur développement des hommes et des communautés. Le présent article se propose d’analyser le lien entre capacités/capabilités, politiques d’innovation et développement économique dans les P.M.A. Nous montrerons ainsi en quoi la constitution de politiques d’innovation au sens large dans les P.M.A. est fondamentale avant d’en tirer un certain nombre de recommandations pour le cas du Sénégal.
Le système national d’innovation dans les pays du Maghreb : entre failles structurelles et besoin de coordination et de gouvernance appropriées
Authors: Ben Slimane Sonia , Ramadan Maarouf
Published: May 2017

Dans les théories économiques et de gestion, l’innovation est souvent considérée comme source de croissance. Dans une perspective d’analyse de l’innovation, sous l’angle des systèmes nationaux d’innovation (SNI), cet article tente d’expliquer les raisons de la faiblesse ainsi que de la fragmentation des SNI des pays du Maghreb. L’analyse montre une faiblesse structurelle combinée avec une faiblesse au niveau de la coordination institutionnelle et un manque d’efficacité des actions des pouvoirs publics. En s’appuyant sur une revue de la littérature approfondie des systèmes nationaux d’innovation et particulièrement celle des pays du Maghreb, l’objectif est de proposer un cadre conceptuel qui s’appuie sur des axes d’action adaptés : structurel, de coordination et de gouvernance, permettant d’assurer une cohérence globale des actions et d’atteindre une efficacité effective des systèmes d’innovation dans ces pays. Codes JEL : L52, O30, I23
Du mécénat culturel au musée participatif : les motivations du public à financer la restauration de la Victoire de Samothrace au Musée du Louvre
Authors: Baujard Corinne
Published: May 2017

Les musées connaissent de profondes mutations en matière de financement du patrimoine. Dès 2013, Le Louvre a lancé une vaste campagne d’appel aux dons sur le thème « Tous mécènes du Louvre » afin d’obtenir une participation du public à la restauration de la Victoire de Samothrace et de son escalier monumental. Un tel financement participatif s’ajoute désormais aux circuits traditionnels de soutien à la valorisation des collections d’intérêt national. Quelles motivations peuvent convaincre le public à financer la Victoire de Samothrace ? A partir d’une recherche exploratoire menée auprès de donateurs parcourant l’exposition « Redécouvrir un chef d’œuvre » du Louvre-Paris (5 mars au 9 novembre 2015), un cadre interprétatif a permis d’identifier plusieurs communautés de donateurs. Il apparaît que dans un contexte économique difficile, les campagnes d’appels aux dons obtiennent un accueil favorable du mécénat des visiteurs et participent sensiblement à la mutation du service public culturel.
Du contrôle des risques d’asymétrie informationnelle en comptabilité d’engagements : que nous enseigne le principe de la « partie double » ?
Authors: Okamba Emmanuel
Published: May 2017

La Comptabilité d’engagements est régie par l’asymétrie informationnelle, contrôlée par le principe de la partie double qui assure la maîtrise du risque de contrepartie par la traçabilité, le risque systémique par la causalité, et le risque partenarial par l’utilité de l’information. L’exploration de ce principe par une approche positiviste donne un nouvel éclairage sur le contrôle de ces risques.
« Tout se doit prendre l’un dans l’autre en cohérence » ou l’anti-modèle des pratiques grands donneurs d’ordres pour les PME : le cas d’ABER bâtiment
Authors: Schott Annick
Published: May 2017

«  Sur le premier trimestre 2015, les retards de paiement des 120 grandes entreprises étudiées atteignaient quelque 4 milliards, soit 20 % de plus qu’au premier trimestre 2014. Nous estimons qu’il manque entre 10 et 13 milliards d’euros chaque année dans les poches des petites et moyennes entreprises à cause de ces retards de paiement  » constate Pierre Pelouzet 2 . «  On ne peut pas laisser la situation perdurer, car ces comportements aboutissent à tuer certains fournisseurs ou sous-traitants PME  » indique-t-il (soit 25 % de faillite directe). Et ce phénomène constaté par un des organismes satellites de Bercy est loin d’être le seul reproche des PME envers les grands groupes ; à titre d’exemple le dossier de Challenges du 21 au 27 novembre 2013 « PME HALTE : AU MASSACRE, Classement des grands groupes qui travaillent avec elles ». Ne sommes-nous pas dans la culture du déchet, un modèle où il n’est pas prévu de développer des échanges compréhensifs, un modèle qui aborde peu la qualité de vie (au travail et hors travail), un modèle qui spécule sur notre égoïsme, universel et systémique et sur le bénéfice immédiat ? Comment dans ces conditions faire jeu collectif (dans les affaires) ? Le développement économique et social suppose un processus historique dans un contexte, et requiert de la part des acteurs sociaux un engagement constant à partir de leur propre culture . C’est pourquoi rester campé sur des causes apparentes pour résoudre toutes les difficultés à travers des réglementations uniformes ou des interventions techniques trop « marquées » conduit à négliger la complexité des problématiques locales et à réduire à quelques pourcentages les capacités des collaborateurs. La Structure sociale d’une entreprise, sa Culture d’entreprise et la Personnalité (le socio-éducatif) du dirigeant constituent un pari sur son devenir, notamment en PME. Ainsi, en quoi les éléments de gouvernance sont-ils liés à la culture d’entreprise, en quoi peuvent-ils aider à donner du sens, et assurer ainsi la contribution de la plupart des salariés ? Nous illustrerons notre propos par une étude de cas relative à une PME locale.
Anatomical Characterization of the Nasolacrimal Canal Based on Computed Tomography in Children With Complex Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Zhang Chengyue , Yu Gang , Cui Yanhui , Wu Qian , Wei Wenbin
Published: May 2017

Purpose:

To characterize anatomical variations of the nasolacrimal canal in patients with complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Methods:

Retrospective case series of 25 children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. All children had failed probings and were examined by computed tomography. An analysis of imaging data is presented.

Results:

Anomalous development of the nasolacrimal canal was confirmed on computed tomography. Two main types of malformations were observed: fundamental (20 patients) and special (5 patients). In the fundamental type, the upper portion of the nasolacrimal canal was relatively normal and became significantly stenotic, or even atretic, at the middle and terminal segments. In the special type, the upper portion of the nasolacrimal duct was malformed. Only the special type showed an association with systemic abnormalities. In patients with unilateral fundamental type malformation (11 patients), the transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the upper segment of the nasolacrimal canal on the affected side were significantly larger than that of the normal side (
P
= .000). The height of the nasolacrimal canal on the normal side was significantly larger than that of the affected side (
P
= .000).

Conclusion:

Computed tomography is useful for delineation of anatomical characteristics of the nasolacrimal canal and to diagnose nasolacrimal canal malformation. Malformed nasolacrimal canals are of two main types: fundamental and special. Hydrostatic pressure in the lacrimal duct appears to the underlying mechanism as enlargement of the nasolacrimal canal in the unilateral fundamental type.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(4):238–243.]
Comparison of Objective and Subjective Techniques of Strabismus Measurement in Adults With Normal Retinal Correspondence
Authors: Bitner Derek P. , Adesina Ore-Ofe O. , Ding Kai , Farris Bradley K. , Michael Siatkowski R.
Published: May 2017

Purpose:

Accurate measurement of strabismus is vital to proper diagnosis and treatment. Objective and subjective measurement techniques can be used. The authors hypothesized that subjective measurement techniques would measure larger deviations than objective ones.

Methods:

Adults with strabismus, visual acuity greater than 20/50 in each eye, and normal retinal correspondence were measured in primary gaze at distance and near using the alternate prism and cover test and the red glass test.

Results:

Seventy-three patients were prospectively enrolled. Objective mean deviations were 9.1 (distance horizontal), 5.1 (distance vertical), 10.0 (near horizontal), and 2.6 (near vertical) prism diopters (PD). Subjective mean deviations were 10.2 (distance horizontal), 6.8 (distance vertical), 12.2 (near horizontal), and 3.2 (near vertical) PD. Subjective measurements were larger by a statistically significant margin and were more likely to show the presence of a vertical deviation not measured objectively (19 occurrences vs 2 at near,
P
= .008; 15 occurrences vs 0 at distance,
P
= .004). The measured deviations were within 5 PD horizontally and 3 PD vertically most of the time (range: 66.7% to 83.6%).

Conclusions:

The red glass test was more likely to measure a larger deviation at distance and near and to identify a vertical deviation not seen objectively at both distance and near. The mean difference between the tests was usually not large enough to affect surgical treatment, but could potentially result in different amounts of prescribed prism for patients treated optically.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2017;54(4):216–220.]
Design of Zirconia-Aluminum Functionally Graded Material for Buckling and Vibration Characteristics Enhancement of Beam/Column Structure
Authors: Alshabatat Nabeel , Zaid Adnan I.O. , Al-Qawabah Safwan M.
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a design method to optimize the material distribution of zirconia/aluminum-functionally graded material with respect to some buckling and vibration properties. The distribution of volume fractions of the FGM constituents is defined through the beam or column length by a trigonometric law. The finite element method is used for the buckling and vibration analysis, and a genetic algorithm is utilized for optimization of the chosen objective function. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated by two design problems. In the first design problem, FGM is used to maximize the buckling crical load to weight ratio. In the second design problem, the kinetic energy of a vibrating FGM beam is minimized at a specific excitation frequency. These design problems show that material tailoring of beam/column structures using FGM can result in substantial improvements of their buckling and vibration characteristics.
Development of Lightweight Insulation Body for Refrigerated Vehicles by Using Composite Materials
Authors: Huan Zhong Jie , Jamiru Tamba , Adekomaya Oludaisi
Published: May 2017

Energy demand in refrigerated vehicles account for about 5% of fossil fuel consumption globally and this percentage is expected to rise as perishable raw food continue to enjoy significant patronage of refrigerated vehicles which provide low temperature condition for its sustenance. Sustaining the shelf life of fresh food remains a herculean task to most farmers as cold chain must remain unbroken in order to maintain the quality of fresh food. The concept of this research is to reduce energy consumption in refrigerated vehicles through lightweight insulated panel as this medium could effectively reduce the payload of the entire vehicle. Part of the progress made in this work, is to develop five different composite cover sheet for insulated panel using fibre loading and orientation as manufacturing parameters and results show that the oriented reinforced composite materials offer significant weight reduction compared to unoriented composite cover sheet. The panel weight of these new materials were estimated using all the conceptual parameters of a refrigerated vehicle and the results indicate that composite reinforced with 10%wt. of fibre at 30o orientation in the matrix, offers the best panel weight reduction with 5.2380kg/m2 and 6.7380kg/m2 for 50mm and 100mm insulation thicknesses, respectively.
Inspection of Hyperbolic Reinforced Concrete Shells-Luce Memorial Chapel-Based on Nondestructive Testing Method
Authors: Tsai Meng Ting , Shih Chung Hsien , Lin Yu Chun , Cheng Chia Chi
Published: May 2017

This paper is aimed to inspect the chapel’s overall structural system based on nondestructive testing (NDT), and a rebound hammer test and a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system are employed to conduct a nondestructive testing. It is important before the chapel’s structural performance was assessed, the structure was inspected to investigate the current state and was constructed according to its original structural designs. According to the inspection, it is found the concrete compressive strength of all the components is larger than the original design strength. Moreover, the total numbers of the reinforcing bars of Slabs S1 and N1 are consistent with the number in the original design (246). However, the total numbers of the reinforcing bars of Slabs S2 and N2 are 167 and 174, respectively, whereas those of the original design were 150, indicating additional vertical reinforcing bars were applied in the chapel’s construction. Based on the results of inspection, the future structural performance assessment and retrofitting are expected to be set-up properly.
Numerical Study on Filtration of Soot Particulates in Gasoline Exhaust Gas by SiC Fiber Filter
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Toda Yusuke
Published: May 2017

As for gasoline vehicles, the particulate matter (PM) emissions from traditional port fuel injection (PFI) engines are pretty low. Recently, the gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles have been gaining market share globally due to better fuel efficiency, especially in the European countries. A drawback associated with GDI engines is considerably higher PM emissions compared with PFI engines. The soot in gasoline exhaust gas would contribute to urban air pollution, which is deeply related with adverse health effects. For the reduction of PM emission in Europe, a new regulation known as EURO VI has been set recently. Then, we need to trap soot particles in exhaust gas from gasoline automobiles as well as diesel automobiles. However, the gasoline soot would be much smaller than the diesel soot. Also, the gasoline exhaust gas temperature is much higher. Then, we need gasoline particulate filter (GPF) which needs to have better thermal durability. In this study, as a potential GPF, an SiC fiber filter was numerically examined. The effect of the fiber diameter on the filtration was revealed. Results show that, when the filter of the larger fiber diameter is placed more upstream, the deposition of soot particles widely occurs inside the filter, resulting in the lower pressure drop.
Direct Molten Metal Rolling of Aluminum Alloy A3003
Authors: Ohashi Hiroto , Nishida Shinichi , Kashitani Yuta , Ichikawa Junshi , Ozawa Naoshi , Suzuki Tomoya , Okushima Ryosuke , Aoki Atsuhiro , Harada Hideto
Published: May 2017

This paper describes a production process for aluminum alloy sheet metal. Direct molten metal rolling, in other words strip casting process for aluminum alloy A3003 sheet was operated. Strip casting process is able to produce the metal sheet from molten metal directly. Thus this process has possibility of improving the productivity of sheet because of shortening operation of rolling. In this study, experimental device was designed for direct molten metal rolling. Aluminum alloy A3003 was chosen. A3003 is for aluminum can body, and the sheet required the high productivity. The effect of roll speed on the produced strip surface and strip thickness was investigated. Roll speed were 1, 2 and 3 m/min. It was possible to produce A3003 strip by direct rolling at the conditions of roll speed 3 m/min, pouring temperature 700 °C, solidification length 15 mm and nozzle exit width 15 mm. Obtained strip surface was flatten and had a metallic luster.
Synthesis of Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous (3DOM) TiO2: Photodegradation Catalyst
Authors: Bowornhathai Thipchanok , Suwanruji Potjanart , Setthayanond Jantip , Kityakarn Sutasinee , Achiwawanich Supakit
Published: May 2017

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) TiO2 were successfully synthesized by incorporating colloidal crystal template and sol-gel method using titanium isopropoxide and ethanol as precursors. After calcination at 450°C, the synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and diffuse reflectance UV-VIS spectroscopy (DR/UV-VIS). XRD results indicated that only anatase was presented. SEM images illustrated highly ordered macroporous structure which was a characteristic for 3DOM materials. The band gap energy of 3DOM TiO2 and nanoparticles TiO2 (NP TiO2) were 3.26 eV and 3.23 eV, respectively. Although the band gap value of 3DOM TiO2 similar to NP TiO2 but the photocatalytic performance of the 3DOM TiO2 were higher than that of commercial nanoparticle TiO2. The result suggested that its ordered porous structure is great advantage for photocatalysis.
Potential of a Novel Thermotolerant Lipase Bacillus stearothermophilus nr22 (Lip.nr-22) as Additive in High Temperature Operated-Neutral pH Liquid Detergent
Authors: Him Nik Raikhan Nik , Azmi Nurul Shafika
Published: May 2017

Enzyme-added detergent must have the capability to operate at high temperature to support the enzyme proteins to clean soiled-fabrics at optimum conditions. Lipase from Bacillus stearothermophilus nr22 (Lip.nr-22) has improved the oil removal from soiled-cotton fabric by 38.8-51.4% in 4 types of local commercial detergents. The later was the oil removal from an unrevealed detergent. The optimum conditions were 108U/ml Lip.nr-22 in 0.1M, pH 7.0, washing temperature and washing time interval as 80°C and 40 min, respectively; shaking wash at 300 rpm and percentage of detergent concentration as 0.5. Lip.nr-22 is a very potential enzyme in high temperature-neutral pH operated laundry detergent formulations. It has exhibited a very excellent thermostability at 80°C, was very stable with surfactants, commercial detergents as well as with oxidizing agents (H2O2, NaBO3H2O and NaClO). Lip.nr-22 as additive in detergent formulation is a promise for better detergent formulation.
Miscibility Study of Poly(Butylene Succinate) and Pine-Gum Blends
Authors: Chang Robert , Lata Roselyn , Rohindra David
Published: May 2017

Miscibility between poly (butylene succinate) [PBS], a semi-crystalline polymer with a natural gum extracted from the pine tree (Pinus Caribaea – Hondurensis), was investigated in solution cast blends using Differential Scanning Calorimetry [DSC] and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy [FTIR]. The spherulite morphology of PBS in the blends was observed with polarized optical microscopy [POM]. Depression in the equilibrium melting temperature of PBS in the blends was determined using the Hoffman-Weeks plot method. The depression in the crystallization temperature of the blends with increasing pine gum ratio and the emergence of extinction rings in the spherulites of the blends confirmed the blends to be miscible at the molecular level. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that interactions occurred between the hydroxyl groups of the pine-gum and the carbonyl group of PBS.
Effect of Ashes as Biomass in Silica Filled Natural Rubber
Authors: Pinpat Wasinee , Keawwattana Wirunya , Tangbunsuk Siree
Published: May 2017

Silica has been used as reinforcing filler in natural rubber for a period of time as it results in excellent properties for NR vulcanizes. Rice husk ash (RHA), bagasse ash (BA), and oil palm ash (OPA) obtained from agricultural wastes are mainly composed of silica in the percentage of 80.00%, 57.33%, and 40.20% by weight, respectively. The effect of these fillers on cure characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber materials at fixed silica content at 35 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) were investigated. The results indicated that ashes showed greater cure time compared to that of the silica. The incorporation of ashes into natural rubber gradually improved compression set but significantly decreased tensile strength, elongation at break, and resilience. Moreover, young's modulus increased, while hardness showed no significant change with the addition of ashes. Overall results indicated that ashes could be used as cheaper fillers for natural rubber materials where improved mechanical properties were not critical.
Self-Cleaning Finishes on PET and PLA Fabrics Using TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Joomjarearn Panida , Achiwawanich Supakit , Setthayanond Jantip , Suwanruji Potjanart
Published: May 2017

PET and PLA fabrics were finished with TiO2 nanoparticles by the pad-dry-cure method to enhance self-cleaning abilities. An acrylate binder was used to improve the fixation of TiO2 on polyester fabrics. The existence of TiO2 on the fabrics was confirmed by SEM and ICP-OES. The TiO2 on the finished fabric could reduce the stains in a higher degree as compared to the unfinished fabric. The dyeing properties of polyester with C.I. Disperse Red 60 were slightly affected by TiO2 nanoparticles in terms of color strength (K/S) and color fastness.
Novel Nanoscale Materials and Devices for Wireless Communication and Networking Applications
Authors: Gupta Nishu , Hashim Zain , Gupta K.M.
Published: May 2017

In the last decade, there have been immense technological developments throughout the world leading to much advancement in the technologies used in wireless communication systems. Massive ongoing research at nanometer length is set to meet the rising demand of the communication industry. So nanoscale materials and devices will play a major role in intelligent communication system. In this paper, we envisage the current and future applications of nanoscale materials and devices for wireless communication systems. It discusses about novel materials and devices that are being designed to provide enhanced and improved quality of service in terms of long range communication, improved performance, less power consumption, smaller size, energy efficient and robustness. We harness the properties and applications of materials at nanoscale dimensions by integrating them with the current technological requirements in terms of extremely high speed, intelligence, large capacity and swift interconnections. Such materials and devices would certainly leverage the future direction of research in wireless communication systems.
Stability of Nanopyramids of Pt/W(111) in Sulfuric Acid Medium
Authors: El Jawad Mohammad K. , Gilles Bruno , Maillard Frederic
Published: May 2017

We report on the electrochemical behavior of Pt/W(111) nanfaceted surface in sulfuric acid. The Pt/W(111) nanofaceted surface was characterized by X-ray photelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Tunneling Micrsocopy (STM) before and after the electrochemical measurements. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have shown a partial oxidation of W(111) during electrochemical measurements. Comparison of STM images before and after the electrochemical measurements enabled to locate the region where the oxidation process took place.
Effect of Mo Addition to ZA22 Grain Refined by Ti and Ti-B on the Maximum Pressing Force and Consumed Work after Pressing by the Equal Channel Angular, ECAP, Process
Authors: Zaid Adnan I.O.
Published: May 2017

Equal channel angular pressing, ECAP, is relatively a recent severe plastic deformation process which is carried out on materials to grain refine their structure. In this paper, the effect of addition of Mo to ZA22 on the maximum pressing force and the work consumed after the ECAP process is investigated and the obtained results are presented and discussed.
The Effect of Tempering on Low-Temperature Toughness of the Direct Quenched High-Strength Offshore Steel
Authors: Tseng Ta Hung , Yu Chieh , Shiue R.K. , Yang Tze Ching , Huang Ching Yuan
Published: May 2017

Microstructures, Vickers depth profiles and low-temperature toughness of the tempered direct water quenched steels have been evaluated in the experiment. Martensite dominates the direct quenched specimen, and it is brittle at low-temperature toughness test. The toughness of direct quenched steel is improved when it is tempered at 500 °C for 1800 s. However, increasing the tempering temperature from 500 °C to 660 °C has little effect on low-temperature toughness of the steel. The application of offshore steel must avoid bainite formation. Tempering treatment is very effective to improve low-temperature toughness of the martensite dominated structure.
Effect of the Pressure on Microstructure of A380 Aluminum Alloy Prepared by Squeeze Casting
Authors: Yu Bai Shui , Xing Shu Ming
Published: May 2017

Effects of the solidification pressure on microstructure and mechanical properties of A380 alloy have been experimentally investigated. The obtained results show that the microstructures of the A380 aluminum alloy is fined, the porosity is decreased and the mechanical properties is improved remarkably with the increase of the solidification pressure. When the squeeze pressure increases from 0 MPa to 75MPa, the size of dendrite arm space decreases from 914 μm to 313 μm, reduced by 66%; the eutectic tissue volume fraction increases from 22.5% to 41.36%; the porosity decreases from 4.91% to 1.23%; the secondary dendrite spacing decreases from 39 μm to 18 μm; the size of needle-like β-Al5FeSi phase decreases significantly, and a few Chinese script α-Fe phases was observed in the grain boundary.