bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tobie Matthew, Archbishop of York, & the Reformation of the Minster Library
Authors: Cummings Brian
Published: March 2024

La bibliothèque de la cathédrale d’York, connue sous le nom de Minster Library, dispose aujourd’hui du fonds ecclésiastique le plus riche de toute la Grande-Bretagne. Ses origines remontent probablement à la création de la cathédrale au vii e siècle, et sans nul doute au temps d’Alcuin d’York († 804), le grand savant et théologien qui servit à la cour de Charlemagne. Cependant, aucun ouvrage de la bibliothèque d’Alcuin, ni d’ailleurs du legs important consenti par John Neuton en 1414, ne nous est parvenu. Comme ceux de nombreuses bibliothèques, les ouvrages de la cathédrale de York ont été dispersés pendant les événements de la Réforme anglicane. Le fonds moderne a quant à lui été constitué grâce à la volonté de Frances Matthew de léguer les quelque 3 000 ouvrages qui composaient en 1629 la bibliothèque de son époux, décédé peu auparavant. Tobias Matthew (1544 ?-1628) avait été successivement doyen de la Christ Church d’Oxford, doyen puis évêque de Durham et archevêque d’York (1606-1628). La plupart de ses ouvrages, dont un grand nombre porte les annotations de sa propre main, sont parvenus jusqu’à nous et ont enrichi l’une des plus importantes bibliothèques de l’Angleterre du début de l’ère moderne. Dans cet article, je traiterai des conditions de création par Matthew de sa vaste collection, de son travail de prédicateur, de la politique qu’il a menée, du rôle particulier qu’il a joué dans la persécution dont les catholiques furent l’objet et enfin de son intérêt pour les livres, qui s’est notamment porté sur les ouvrages de biblistique, de patristique et de théologie, tout en touchant à bien d’autres domaines.
Un nuovo manoscritto miniato dal Maestro delle Vitae Imperatorum. I Dialoghi di Gregorio Magno acquisiti da Silvestro Maurolico per la Real Biblioteca dell’Escorial
Authors: Guernelli Daniele
Published: March 2024

Parmi les manuscrits achetés par Silvestro Maurolico pour la Bibliothèque de l’Escurial, on trouve des exemplaires enluminés encore peu connus. Cet ensemble, récemment identifié par Daniela Gionta, représente un exemple intéressant de collecte à la fin du xvi e siècle, mais est constitué de volumes des siècles précédents, dans lesquels l’appareil décoratif revêt souvent un aspect important. En particulier, le sujet de cet article est le ms. b-III-6, contenant les Dialogues de Grégoire le Grand. C’est un volume attribuable au Maître des Vitae Imperatorum, artiste actif dans la première moitié du xv e siècle, période durant laquelle la miniature lombarde était fortement influencée par l’art français. Le manuscrit de l’Escurial représente un accroissement intéressant pour son catalogue, déjà riche d’un grand nombre d’œuvres, réalisées en partie dans son atelier.
Sheltering Books from Anarchy: The Library of Clémence Royer in Chicago
Authors: Gehl Paul F.
Published: March 2024

Bien que de nombreux travaux, à la fois biographiques et critiques, aient été consacrés à l’autrice féministe Clémence Royer (1830-1902), ceux qui étudient sa carrière semblent ignorer l’achat de sa bibliothèque, qui compte plusieurs centaines de volumes, par la Newberry Library de Chicago en 1892. Ces livres, qui constituent une part essentielle de sa bibliothèque personnelle, offrent un aperçu des pratiques de lecture et de collection de Clémence Royer. Désormais signalée dans le catalogue de la Newberry, la collection Royer dévoile une vie de lectures consacrées à des sujets variés (bien plus variés que ceux sur lesquels la traductrice de Darwin a elle-même travaillé). Un petit nombre de ses auteurs préférés s’y trouvent dans des éditions précieuses ; et quelques-unes conservent encore des reliures anciennes ou élégantes. Royer exprima l’espoir que ses livres trouveraient en Amérique un abri contre « les orages de l’anarchie ». De fait, ils furent rapidement agrégés à une collection en pleine croissance, destinée à servir le public de Chicago.
Publishing and Reading Baptista Spagnoli’s Humanist Hagiography in Sixteenth–Century France
Authors: Booton Diane E.
Published: March 2024

Cet article analyse la réception en France de Parthenice Catharinaria (1488) de l’humaniste Baptista Spagnoli (1448-1516), un poème épique très répandu qui fait l’éloge de Catherine d’Alexandrie, une sainte connue pour son rôle d’intercession et très importante dans la liturgie catholique. Imprimé promptement, l’ouvrage suscite un regain d’intérêt pour le genre littéraire médiéval de l’hagiographie, désormais revitalisé en latin classique. Les humanistes septentrionaux louaient la langue et la morale chrétienne de Baptista et encouragèrent les rééditions des éditeurs, qui complétèrent souvent leurs éditions d’un commentaire du poète-grammairien Josse Bade, actif à Paris. L’ouvrage fut également reconnu par des imprimeurs plus ou moins importants pour sa valeur économique, ce qui a conduit à la publication de plus de cinquante éditions dans la première moitié du xvi e siècle. Comment les lecteurs ont-ils réagi à la Catharinaria de Baptista ? Pour comprendre l’engagement du lecteur, cet article interroge les notes et les commentaires écrits dans les marges des exemplaires des éditions françaises, ce qui permet de constater que les lecteurs ont réagi différemment au texte, en soulignant divers objectifs de lecture. L’étude de cas identifie certains aspects de l’expansion géographique du poème hagiographique et de sa réception par les lecteurs comme un reflet partiel du cycle de vie du texte. Les nombreuses éditions anciennes de Parthenice Catharinaria montrent la grande diffusion de la poésie religieuse de Baptista, son succès commercial en France au xvi e siècle et des lecteurs actifs et intéressés.
Questionner la neutralité pour dépasser le mythe de l’image fidèle en comptabilité : une nécessité pour responsabiliser la profession comptable
Authors: Godowski Christophe , Nègre Emmanuelle , Verdier Marie-Anne
Published: March 2024

L’objectif de l’article est d’étudier dans quelle mesure le concept de neutralité en comptabilité participe à diffuser le « mythe de l’image fidèle » et de comprendre comment une remise en cause de ce mythe peut s’opérer au sein d’une partie de la profession comptable soucieuse des enjeux sociétaux. Il prend appui sur une étude qualitative reposant sur 28 entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès d’experts-comptables (EC) présentant des profils variés. Ces entretiens, analysés selon la méthode Gioia, permettent de révéler les enjeux associés au concept de neutralité tel que perçu par les EC. Nos résultats montrent qu’en appréhendant le concept de neutralité principalement du point de vue de leurs pratiques, la plupart des EC s’inscrivent dans une vision technicienne de la comptabilité qui masque sa dimension politique. Ce faisant, ils constituent les médiateurs d’une visée monologique de la comptabilité traductrice de l’idéologie dominante qui, sous couvert de neutralité, contribue à asseoir le mythe de l’image fidèle. Nos résultats révèlent toutefois que certains EC, conscients de l’incapacité d’une telle vision de la comptabilité à répondre aux enjeux sociétaux, questionnent le concept de neutralité et proposent des pistes de réflexion pour dépasser ce mythe, même si le dialogue avec le reste de la profession comptable s’avère difficile.
La vulnérabilité, limite à l’autonomie juridique du patient ?
Authors: Bioy Xavier
Published: March 2024

Les liens entre autonomie et vulnérabilité, dans le contexte de la santé et du droit, sont complexes car la protection des patients peut être temporaire ou institutionnalisée pour une longue période, mais aussi parfois les deux. D’une part, la notion de vulnérabilité prévient la perte d’autonomie (en marge de la protection civile), non pour établir le manque d’autonomie mais pour l’éviter ; d’autre part, la notion de vulnérabilité corrige les effets excessifs des régimes de protection en les affinant et en affirmant leur subsidiarité.
Autonomie des mineurs et santé reproductive en droit français
Authors: Rousset Guillaume
Published: March 2024

Cette contribution entend étudier la manière dont le droit français tente de concilier, au sujet de la santé reproductive du mineur, les tendances opposées que sont, d’un côté, la protection de l’enfant par les titulaires de l’autorité parentale, laquelle peut les amener à prendre une décision malgré l’enfant, et, de l’autre côté, l’autonomie croissante du mineur, laquelle se développe au dépend du champ d’action des titulaires de l’autorité parentale.
Comparative approach: autonomy in reproductive health in latin america
Authors: Aizenberg Marisa , Kohan Paula Eugenia
Published: March 2024

L’approche de la sexualité dans le domaine des politiques publiques est généralement controversée, cependant, la garantie des droits sexuels et reproductifs et la promotion de la santé sexuelle et reproductive font partie intégrante de l’Agenda régional de genre depuis 40 ans. La santé reproductive pour les personnes, groupes et communautés de la région avec une approche de genre et sans générer de distinctions, présente un développement maturatif différent dans chaque pays de la région, ce travail reflétera ces données.
Protection de l’autonomie des patients en fin de vie dans la relation médicale en chine
Authors: Song Juan , Wu Tao , Mei Shanshan
Published: March 2024

La durée de survie attendue des patients en fin de vie est courte et ces derniers sont souvent dans un état d’inconscience. Ces éléments font que l’exercice et la protection de l’autonomie de ces patients sont plus complexes et difficiles par rapport aux autres patients. La législation et la pratique clinique chinoises existantes prévoient trois mesures pour les patients en fin de vie qui ne peuvent pas exprimer leur consentement éclairé en vue d’exercer leur autonomie : la directive médicale préalable, l’autonomie déléguée pour les proches du patient et la prise de décision par les institutions médicales en leur nom. En raison de la culture traditionnelle chinoise et de la complexité du développement social contemporain, l’efficience de ces trois approches reste encore floue. La réflexion conduite pour la préparation de cette présentation a montré qu’il serait nécessaire de renforcer la validité juridique de la législation pour la directive médicale préalable. En parallèle, l’intervention des professionnels de santé, notamment celle du médecin, reste indispensable pour se prémunir des décisions médicales arbitraires et inappropriées lors de l’exercice de l’autonomie médicale des patients en fin de vie.
Le clergé français et le Muséum national d’histoire naturelle (années 1860-années 1930). Une contribution catholique à la connaissance scientifique
Authors: Gicquel Samuel
Published: March 2024

À rebours d’une image longtemps répandue, qui faisait du prêtre un adversaire de la science, la contribution scientifique du clergé a été récemment réévaluée. L’analyse de ses liens avec le Muséum national d’histoire naturelle participe à ce renouveau historiographique en soulignant le rôle important qu’il joua dans le domaine des sciences naturelles au cours de la période contemporaine. Plusieurs dizaines de missionnaires, de frères et de prêtres séculiers contribuèrent à l’augmentation des collections du Muséum. Leur concours, remarquable tant sur le plan qualitatif que quantitatif, atteignit un apogée dans les dernières années du xix e siècle, en particulier grâce au zèle des missionnaires botanistes déployés en Extrême-Orient. Sans renoncer à leur apostolat, ces clercs s’investirent avec passion dans cette tâche annexe, qui mêlait motivations spirituelles, quête scientifique, ambition patriotique et, aussi, préoccupations financières. Les clercs naturalistes liés au Muséum jouèrent également un rôle essentiel dans la circulation des savoirs. Ils contribuèrent à diffuser la connaissance scientifique et nourrirent les professionnels du Muséum de leurs propres observations. Plus que des théoriciens, ces clercs naturalistes étaient des scientifiques de terrain, passionnés par la taxinomie et la géographie des espèces. Des années 1860 à l’entre-deux-guerres, ils formèrent pour le Muséum un opportun relais, qui participa à l’extension des réseaux de cette institution en France et sur l’ensemble des continents habités.
The geometric constraints on Filippov algebroids
Authors: Bi Yanhui , Chen Zhixiong , Chen Zhuo , Xiang Maosong
Published: March 2024

Filippov $ n $-algebroids are introduced by Grabowski and Marmo as a natural generalization of Lie algebroids. On this note, we characterized Filippov $ n $-algebroid structures by considering certain multi-input connections, which we called Filippov connections, on the underlying vector bundle. Through this approach, we could express the $ n $-ary bracket of any Filippov $ n $-algebroid using a torsion-free type formula. Additionally, we transformed the generalized Jacobi identity of the Filippov $ n $-algebroid into the Bianchi-Filippov identity. Furthermore, in the case of rank $ n $ vector bundles, we provided a characterization of linear Nambu-Poisson structures using Filippov connections.
Savoir et pouvoir dans les politiques de migration et de développement : l’exemple de l’ICMD
Authors: Breda Giulia
Published: March 2024

Cet article interroge l’internationalisation de la gestion des migrations par l’étude de la construction et de la diffusion d’une expertise sur le lien entre migration et développement par le Programme des Nations unies pour le développement (PNUD). À travers une observation participante de six mois en 2015 au sein de son Initiative conjointe pour la migration et le développement (ICMD), l’étude analyse les rapports de pouvoir en jeu dans la « co-construction » ainsi que dans la diffusion au niveau global de cette expertise technique. L’article montre que ce sont bien des normes et des critères d’intervention politique qui sont développés et diffusés par le PNUD dans une expertise technique qui a pour finalité de créer du consensus entre les intérêts des élites internationales des intérêts globaux de la société mondiale d’une part, et les intérêts « sectoriels », nationaux ou locaux d’autre part.
Learning Migration Governance: The Representation and Reception of International Norms in Capacity Building Programs
Authors: Kawar Leila
Published: March 2024

This article explores migration governance training programs as a point of entry into the contemporary politics of migration and development. Leveraging a comparative ethnographic lens, it examines the curricular content offered in three different such capacity building settings. Its analysis also considers how this content is received and contextualized by program participants. The study finds migration governance assumed distinct forms, with differing priorities, across the training programs offered by international organisations. In addition, it shows how the participants’ prior experiences and their positionality within the professional field of those working on international migration contribute to shaping how they make sense of program content. By revealing how the meaning of migration governance shifts across the settings in which such knowledge is practically communicated and received, these findings open space for a more explicitly political approach to this domain of international law making.
Racialized Impacts of Migration Governance in Mali
Authors: Deridder Marie , Sylla Almamy
Published: March 2024

Perceptions of Africa as a non-racial space are belied by cases such as Mali. This article explores how racial arguments were deployed by black returnees in Bamako after their repatriation from Libya. Race, racialization processes, and racial violence were one of the cornerstones of French colonization in Mali, and then of the post-colonial state. Mali had a complex relationship with its northern neighbour Libya, for many decades a destination for Malian migrants. The fall of the Gaddafi regime in Libya in 2011 created new problems, as both black Malian migrant workers and Tuareg ex-combatants were returned to the country. Both experienced, in different ways, the effects of a migration regime, influenced by European Union programmes. This article shows how racial categories and migration politics intersect in Mali, becoming mutually constituent and interrelated, and leaving various actors, institutions, processes, histories, and multiple scales entangled with each other.
Welcoming, Revitalising, Re-Growing? Refugee Arrival and Urban Development in Shrinking Cities
Authors: Schemschat Norma
Published: March 2024

Refugees are increasingly relocated to shrinking cities, bringing refugee-centred revitalisation as an urban development strategy to the forefront of policy discourse at the migration-development nexus (see Pottie-Sherman, 2018). Including refugees in local revitalisation strategies has social, political, economic, and legal dimensions, which make it important to look beyond statistics of urban growth and decline and analyse local processes. Critically deconstructing refugee-centred revitalisation from the perspective of exiled people arriving in places affected by decline sheds light on the disparities between what cities expect and hope for, and what newcomers experience, and thus expose gaps between what places offer and what refugees need.
Investigation of a distinctive plant-based black paint on Bwa and Mossi polychrome wood masks from Burkina Faso
Authors: Hornbeck Stephanie E. , Newman Richard
Published: March 2024

A distinctive, thickly applied, plant-based black paint is used for raised designs on painted wood masks made by multiple cultural groups in Africa’s Western Sudan region, where the color black represents age, health, wisdom and well-being. Black, red and white masks are particularly characteristic of the Burkina Faso region. For this study, black paint was sampled from six wood Burkinabè masks in the University of Iowa’s Stanley Museum of Art collection (Iowa City, IA, USA). Christopher Roy (1947-2019), a specialist in Burkinabè material culture, described the procedure for making this black paint by laborious processing of Acacia nilotica seed pods. The process was recreated in the lab, and the newly created samples compared with paint from the objects. The application of analytical techniques to corroborate Roy’s field descriptions of the black paint’s manufacture and cultural use will be discussed.
Vers une « coloration des races ». Les matériaux de la polychromie dans les représentations sculptées des corps noirs à la fin du xixe siècle
Authors: Ba Nancy
Published: March 2024

Une attention particulière est portée à la justesse des traits physiques dans les représentations sculptées des Africains durant la seconde moitié du xixe siècle. Celles-ci sont alors majoritairement sculptées dans des matériaux colorés utilisés dans l’idée d’imiter les couleurs naturelles du sujet représenté. Puisque la couleur de peau est un marqueur racial important, les sculpteurs cherchent à rendre visible, comme l’écrit Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (1827-1875), une « coloration des races ». Aussi, le choix de la couleur n’apparaît-il pas comme un ajout pittoresque ou fantaisiste, mais bien comme un élément à la signification longuement réfléchie. Cet article présente les premiers résultats de ma recherche sur l’utilisation des matériaux de la polychromie dans les représentations sculptées des corps noirs à la fin du xixe siècle. Il est surtout question de la nature des matériaux et colorations employés afin de traduire la couleur noire, qu’il s’agisse de la décision du sculpteur ou de repeints tardifs. Cette considération pour les différentes couleurs de matériaux et de pigments mènera à étudier la valeur symbolique de la carnation.
Black inks under examination. Part 2: a case study of Carolingian manuscripts
Authors: Cohen Zina , Hennings Till , Hahn Oliver , Depreux Philippe , Rabin Ira
Published: March 2024

With this paper, we would like to contribute to the study of black writing materials by investigating the black inks used in the manuscripts from monastic production in the eastern part of the Frankish kingdom, especially in the region of Lake Constance and in Bavaria, and dated to the period between the 8th and the 10th centuries. The corpus under study contains manuscripts with formulae, i.e. model letters and charters, besides numerous other types of texts with no clear separation between them (for example by titles).Sixty-three manuscripts have been studied with the aim of reconstructing the history of both their copying and their use. To this aim, we adopted a non-invasive approach that included near-infrared imaging and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy for on-site measurements, supported by historical and palaeographic analysis. The results obtained in this project are compared with several other archaeometric studies of contemporary manuscripts with the general aim of understanding the use of black ink in medieval manuscripts.
Special relativity and the Lorentz equations. Errors in Einstein’s 1905 paper
Authors: Beal Alasdair N.
Published: March 2024

The explanation of Einstein’s special theory of relativity in his original 1905 paper is examined. His analysis is confusing, as terms x, y, z, t, etc., have different meanings at various points, and he presents equations based on different and inconsistent
assumptions. Adding subscripts clarifies these issues but exposes errors in his reasoning. To calculate his transformation equations, he selects a combination of equations which gives results matching the Lorentz transformation but he ignores other possible valid solutions. Also his calculations
contain serious errors. Therefore, he fails to prove that his theory leads to the Lorentz equations as a unique solution. Einstein’s analysis includes “moving” clocks which show “stationary” time t, so the idea that a moving clock should run slower than
a stationary clock is incompatible with his theory. Also, his calculation of time dilation contains serious errors. As a result, he fails to provide a theoretical justification for his famous “clocks paradox.”
Digitally Supported Participation Processes and Tools to Promote Gender-Responsive Public Spaces
Authors: Fessler Flora , Reinwald Florian , Weichselbaumer Roswitha , Wentz Jana , Gebetsroither-Geringer Ernst
Published: March 2024

Planning is faced with the challenge of designing public open spaces that meet the diverse needs of everyday life. Gender-sensitive planning can facilitate the development of gender-responsive public spaces by considering the specific needs of different groups. Innovative digital tools are available for collecting and analysing the use of open spaces. However, most of these tools do not integrate group-specific requirements. This article explores what such integration might entail in terms of tool use and the design of the participatory process. It describes the typical planning phases and provides an overview of digital tools classified according to the intensity levels of participation. The application of the tools is then described based on two use cases. The research findings indicate that the primary advantage of using digital tools is the multiple use of the gender-disaggregated data generated. To fully exploit the benefits of digitally supported participation processes, it is necessary to develop seamless tool chains that allow for differentiated data collection and processing.
How Does Knowledge Management Matter for Supply Chain Resilience?
Authors: Hu Lingyu , Hua Xianglu , Zhang Lianqing , Zhou Jie , Tu Yubo
Published: March 2024

Disruption events highlight the importance of supply chain resilience (SCR) and leave managers wondering what characteristics can help firms survive and recover. This study employs the knowledge-based theory to investigate factors contributing to SCR. Using data collected from 220 manufacturing firms in China, this study empirically examines the proposed research model. Results indicate KM processes (i.e., creation, sharing, utilization) significantly influence SCR, with collaborative innovation capability (CIC) mediating the relationship between KM and SCR. Interestingly, social media use positively moderates the relationship between knowledge sharing/utilization and CIC, while this effect is absent for the relationship between knowledge creation and CIC. These findings enrich the existing literature on knowledge management and supply chain management, offering managerial insights for effective knowledge strategies and resilience improvement.
Antagonism of the Platelet-Activating Factor Pathway Mitigates Inflammatory Adverse Events Driven by Anti-erythrocyte Antibody Therapy in Mice
Authors: Won Kevin Doyoon , Gil Gonzalez Lazaro , Cruz-Leal Yoelys , Pavon Oro Alequis , Lazarus Alan H
Published: March 2024

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by low platelet counts primarily due to antiplatelet autoantibodies. Anti-D is a donor-derived polyclonal Ab against the rhesus D Ag on erythrocytes used to treat ITP. Unfortunately, adverse inflammatory/hypersensitivity reactions and a Food and Drug Administration–issued black box warning have limited its clinical use. This underscores the imperative to understand the inflammatory pathway associated with anti-erythrocyte Ab-based therapies. TER119 is an erythrocyte-specific Ab with anti-D-like therapeutic activity in murine ITP, while also exhibiting a distinct inflammatory signature involving production of CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL9 but not IFN-γ. Therefore, TER119 has been used to elucidate the potential mechanism underlying the adverse inflammatory activity associated with anti-erythrocyte Ab therapy in murine ITP. Prior work has demonstrated that TER119 administration is associated with a dramatic decrease in body temperature and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production. The work presented in the current study demonstrates that inhibiting the highly inflammatory platelet-activating factor (PAF) pathway with PAF receptor antagonists prevents TER119-driven changes in body temperature and inhibits the production of the CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL9 inflammatory cytokines in CD-1 mice. Phagocytic cells and a functional TER119 Fc region were found to be necessary for TER119-induced body temperature changes and increases in CXCL9 and CCL2. Taken together, this work reveals the novel requirement of the PAF pathway in causing adverse inflammatory activity associated with anti-erythrocyte Ab therapy in a murine model and provides a strategy of mitigating these potential reactions without altering therapeutic activity.
Assessment, Prevalence, and Correlates of Frailty among Moroccan People Aged 50 and above Living with HIV
Authors: Titou Hicham , Bichra Amina , Bouhamidi Ahmed
Published: March 2024

Background:

Persons living with HIV experience many challenges, such as premature aging and geriatric syndromes. Frailty has become an important determinant of a series of adverse health outcomes. This research aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for frailty in this population.

Methods:

A cross-sectional outpatient investigation was conducted in an urban HIV clinic. Patients aged 50 and older living with HIV were included. Frailty phenotype was evaluated using the original Fried criteria, and we calculated the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Fracture Risk Assessment Tool scores, and Mini-mental State Exam scores.

Results:

One hundred and nine individuals were studied. Ninety-two (84.4%) were men, with a mean age of 57.65.2 years. Fourteen (12.8%) participants were frail. Frail participants were older (P = 0.001) and less likely to be virally suppressed (P = 0.01). Having ≥3 comorbidities, VACS index, polypharmacy, and 5-year mortality risk was significantly greater in the frail group. Frailty was significantly associated with poorer quality of life (P = 0.02). The cognitive impairment, falls, and malnutrition risk were significantly associated with a risk to manifest a frail phenotype.

Conclusion:

Frailty is common among Moroccans with HIV, and it is associated with greater morbidity and mortality rates. Our findings should serve as a warning sign to standardize frailty and geriatric syndrome screening in this population.
Diagnostic Performance of STANDARD™ M10 Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Assay for Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin and Isoniazid Resistance in Zimbabwe
Authors: Stephen Stephen , Kadye Agrippa , Majuru Xmas Ngoni , Madamombe Tariro , Sokwe Janet , Madondo Tinashe , Tinarwo Kennedy , Tsuvani Linnience , Kawome Takudzwa , Malunga Florence , Simbi Raiva
Published: March 2024

Background:

Although Zimbabwe has transitioned out of the 30 high-burden countries, it still remained in the 30 high multidrug-resistant (MDR)/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (TB) burden. Rapid detection of rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) is essential for the diagnosis of MDR-TB. The World Health Organization has recommended the use of molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostic (mWRD) for TB and DR-TB. STANDARD™ M10 MDR-TB assay is a new molecular rapid diagnostic assay developed by SD Biosensor for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and RIF and INF resistance. This study aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of STANDARD™ M10 MDR-TB assay.

Methods:

The study was conducted on 214 samples with different MTB and RIF and INH resistance status. The STANDARD™ M10 MDR-TB assay was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, MGIT culture, and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing are used as comparative methods.

Results:

The sensitivity and specificity of STANDARD™ M10 MDR-TB assay for the detection of MTB are 99% and 97.9%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay for detection of MDR-TB were 97.8% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The STANDARD™ M10 MDR-TB assay demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy in the detection of MTB and RIF and INH resistance. This molecular assay can also be used as an alternative to other mWRD assays.
Identification of the Optimal Cultivation Period Required to Isolate Representatives of Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Isolated from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Kovalyov Alexander Mikhailovich , Ismatullin Danir Damirovich , Kokorev Daniil Andreevich , Khaliulin Almaz Vadimovich , Nikitina Tatyana Rudolfovna , Lyamin Artem Viktorovich
Published: March 2024

Background:

In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), representatives of the fast-growingMycobacterium abscessuscomplex (MABSc) are often distinguished, but the culture of the material taken from such patients increases the growth time. We analyzed the terms of cultivation of MABSc representatives on dense nutrient media and also evaluated the productivity of a modified nutrient medium based on agar for the isolation ofBurkholderia cepaciacomplex (BCC).

Methods:

Sixty-four strains of MABSc isolated from patients with CF and suspected tuberculosis were analyzed. The material from the patients was cultured on a universal chromogenic medium, 5% blood agar, yolk-salt agar, selective medium for isolation of BCC, and Löwenstein–Jensen medium. The cultures were incubated for 5 days (37°C, aerobic conditions), after for 23 days (28°C, aerobic conditions). The productivity of the developed nutrient medium was evaluated by the number of cells that gave visible growth after culturing 0.1 mL of a bacterial suspension of 103 CFU/mL.

Results:

76.8% of the strains grew in a 2-week period, and 23.2% of the strains were obtained at a later date from 18 to 28 days (average: 21.23 days). The modified medium with a concentration of 240 mg of iron (III) polymaltose hydroxide proved to be the most optimal for the isolation of MABSc.

Conclusion:

When using a chromogenic medium for culture material from patients with CF, it is necessary to extend incubation up to 28 days to increase the probability of MABSc isolation. The modified BCC medium showed a good selectivity result but required further investigation.
The Role of Efflux Pumps transporter in Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis: Mycobacterial memberane protein(MmpL5)
Authors: Farnia Parissa , Besharati Saeid , Farina Poopak , Ayoubi Saman , Marjani Majid , Ghanavi Jalaledin , Tabarsi Payam , Velayati Ali Akbar
Published: March 2024

Background:

The overexpression of efflux pumps (Eps) was reported to contribute to multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Increases in Eps that expel structurally unrelated drugs contribute to reduced susceptibility by decreasing the intracellular concentration of antibiotics. In the present study, an association of mycobacterial membrane protein (MmpS5-MmpL5) Ep and its gene regulator (Rv0678) was investigated in MDR-tuberculosis isolates.

Methods:

MTB strains were isolated from patients at two different intervals, i.e., once when they had persistent symptoms despite 3–15 ≥ months of treatment and once when they had started new combination therapy ≥2–3 months. Sputum specimens were subjected to Xpert MTB/rifampicin test and then further susceptibility testing using proportional method and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed on them. The isolates were characterized using both 16S-23S RNA and hsp65 genes spacer (PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was investigated on two isolates from culture-positive specimen per patient. The protein structure was simulated using the SWISS-MODEL. The input format used for this web server was FASTA (amino acid sequence). Protein structure was also analysis using Ramachandran plot.

Results:

WGS documented deletion, insertion, and substitution in transmembrane transport protein MmpL5 (Rv0676) of Eps. Majority of the studied isolates (n = 12; 92.3%) showed a unique deletion mutation at three positions: (a) from amino acid number 771 (isoleucine) to 776 (valine), (b) from amino acid number 785 (valine) to 793 (histidine), and (c) from amino acid number 798 (leucine) to 806 (glycine).” One isolate (7.6%) had no deletion mutation. In all isolates (n = 13; 100%), a large insertion mutation consisting of 94 amino acid was observed “from amino acid number 846 (isoleucine) to amino acid number 939 (leucine)”. Thirty-eight substitutions in Rv0676 were detected, of which 92.3% were identical in the studied isolates. WGS of mycobacterial membrane proteins (MmpS5; Rv0677) and its gene regulator (Rv0678) documented no deletion, insertion, and substitution. No differences were observed between MmpS5-MmpL5 and its gene regulator in isolates that were collected at different intervals.

Conclusions:

Significant genetic mutation like insertion, deletion, and substitution within transmembrane transport protein MmpL5 (Rv0676) can change the functional balance of Eps and cause a reduction in drug susceptibility. This is the first report documenting a unique amino acid mutation (insertion and deletion ≥4–94) in Rv0676 among drug-resistant MTB. We suggest the changes in Mmpl5 (Rv0676) might occurred due to in-vivo sub-therapeutic drug stress within the host cell. Changes in MmpL5 are stable and detected through subsequent culture-positive specimens.
Two young adults presenting with breathlessness and recurrent chest infection: a major miss!!!
Authors: Marwah Vikas , Choudhary Robin , Malik Virender , Yadav Naveen
Published: March 2024

Dyspnea is of multi-factorial etiology, and in young adults, obstructive airway disease is the commonest cause. We are reporting two cases of young adults who presented with breathlessness and recurrent episodes of respiratory tract infections since childhood associated with poor physical development. They were referred to our hospital for an evaluation of suspected lung collapse. The evaluation revealed it to be an unusual case of right lung hypoplasia presenting in the second decade, and which was not associated with any other systemic anomaly in the first case, while the second case was diagnosed as a case of left pulmonary aplasia with right tracheal bronchus and double SVC drainage. The treating physicians should have a high clinical suspicion about developmental pulmonary disorders while treating young patients with recurrent episodes of pneumonia.
Violence against Health-Care Professionals
Authors: Godhi Brinda Suhas , Darla H.Tanishka , Saha Sonali , Kaul Shefali , Tejasvi M. L. Avinash
Published: March 2024

As dentistry has moved into the 21st century, the emphasis on ethics has increased. The general public has become more or rather over mindful and attentive to their surroundings, especially toward the medical field. Assaults against health-care professionals in India have increased dramatically over the past few years. It has, therefore, become the need of the moment to learn how to tackle the problem of workplace violence and medicolegal issues that may arise. It is necessary for all professionals in the health-care community to stay updated on the current scenarios, laws, and new regulations. Knowledge of “what not to do” has become more significant rather than “what to do.” This article highlights the problem of violence against health-care professionals and the methods which can be used to prevent and stop it.
To Study Clinical Profile and Significance of Rathi Goodman Aghai Score System in Rickettsial Infection in Central Maharashtra
Authors: Darvhekar Nilesh , Lakra Mahaveer Singh , Meshram Revat J , Taksande Amar
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Rickettsial disease has nowadays emerging as one of the most common causes of exanthematous fever with rash with high mortality and morbidity. Rickettsial fever cases are being reported from all over India.

Objectives:

The study aims to evaluate prevalence, demographic and clinical details of the cases of rickettsial infection in central India and to assess the significance of Rathi Goodman Aghai (RGA) score and Weil Felix test in diagnosis of rickettsial infection.

Materials and Methods:

It was a retrospective, analytical comparative study. Patients between age group of 2 months to 18 years from endemic area presenting with fever of more than 4 days duration and/or typical rash (maculopapular/necrotic) with eschar and supporting laboratory test were included in the study. Patients’ demographic and clinical data were analyzed by the software STATA software. and Chi square test.

Results:

The most common age group affected was between 1 and 5 years (38.09%). 76.19% of patients were from rural area. All the patients 21 (100%) presented with fever. The most common complication was meningoencephalitis (42.85%). Rathi Aghai score was positive in 90.47% of the patients. Weil Felix test was positive in 85.71% cases, out of which 33.33% of patients had OXK strain. The sensitivity and specificity of RGA score was found to be 94.44% and 33.33%, respectively, with positive predictive value of 89.47%.

Conclusion:

RGA score is a good tool for diagnosis of rickettsial infection with sensitivity and specificity of 94.44% and 33.33%, respectively.
A naïve comparison to assess the success of ultra-short implants
Authors: Barman Sangeeta , Singh Neelesh , Pant Vandana A. , Aamir Mohammad , Biswas Snigdha
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Conventional implants are associated with ridge augmentation/sinus lift procedures in vertically insufficient ridges, which increase morbidity and healing time. Short implants provided some hope in this context. The present study considered the use of ultra-short implants in vertically insufficient posterior mandibular ridges and evaluated their success. Hence, study was done to evaluate the success of ultra-short implants in partially edentulous posterior mandible clinically and radiographically.

Materials and Methods:

The study is a “Naïve direct comparison” of ultra-short implants to conventional implants for assessing their success in vertically insufficient posterior mandibular ridges. A total of 10 ultra-short implants were placed in a partially edentulous posterior mandibular ridge with at least 8-mm horizontal (at crest) and vertical dimensions. A delayed loading was done at three-month follow-up. Data acquisition was done at baseline (immediately after loading), 6-, 9-, 12-month intervals. Parameters assessed were marginal bone loss (MBL), probing pocket depth reduction (PPDR), modified plaque index (mPI), modified gingival index (mGI).

Results:

All the placed 10 implants survived, and no failure was observed. “Independent sample t-test” and “paired sample t-test” was done for intergroup and intragroup analysis, respectively. Intergroup comparison between the ultra-short and conventional implants presented a statistically insignificant difference between all the parameters at all the follow-up visits (baseline, 6-, 9-, 12 months).

Conclusions:

Within the limitations, it was thus concluded that ultra-short implants may be considered as a viable treatment option for vertically insufficient mandibular ridge. Further, long-term randomized controlled trials are required to establish the evidence.
Adrenalectomy in a child with Cushing’s syndrome: Anaesthetic challenges
Authors: Abhyuday Kumar , Kiran Premraj , Arunima Pattanayak , Deepshikha Deepshikha , Pratik Singh
Published: March 2024

Cushing’s syndrome is a rare entity, especially in children. The overall incidence of Cushing’s syndrome is approximately 2 to 5 new cases per million people per year. Cushing’s disease is a constellation of co-occurring health conditions and features that pose unique challenges during anaesthesia. A three year old child weighing 21 kg was posted for adrenalectomy. Intraoperatively we faced difficult airway, difficulty in cannulation, difficult regional anaesthesia and hemodynamic fluctuation during tumor resection. Patient was intubated with the aid of an intubating supraglottic device once attempts with fiberoptic failed. This case also highlights the unusual intraoperative hemodynamic fluctuations in adenoma resection similar to that seen in pheochromocytoma.
The effectiveness of intravenous ibuprofen versus intravenous ketorolac for postoperative pain relief after caesarean section
Authors: Shehab Ahmed S. , Bochra Kirollos A. , Tawfik Tarek A.
Published: March 2024

Background

Caesarean deliveries are currently the most frequent surgical procedure performed worldwide. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are frequently used to control postoperative pain as a part of the multimodal analgesia technique. We studied the efficacy of intravenous ibuprofen versus intravenous ketorolac to relieve postoperative pain following caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia.

Patients and methods

Fifty adult parturients aged 20–30 were studied and classified to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) class II scheduled for elective caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia. Patients were divided into groups: group A (n=25), 30 mg ketorolac in 200 ml normal saline every 6 h, and group B (n=25), 800 mg ibuprofen in 200 ml normal saline every 6 h. They were evaluated for haemodynamic stability, visual analog score (VAS) score, 24-h opioid requirement, time to ambulate, and time to first analgesic dose.

Results

Group B (ibuprofen group) showed a lower VAS score through all the 24 h postoperatively at rest and during movement with allover VAS at rest (3.17±1.08) versus (4.32±1.3) P=0.008 and allover VAS during movement (3.21±1.11) versus (4.56±1.92) P=0.001. Also, lower 24-h opioid requirement in group B (ibuprofen group) with a mean value of (42.0 ±21.31) mg versus (110.0±17.68) mg in group A (ketorolac group) P=0.0021 and longer time to first analgesic dose in group B (ibuprofen group) with a mean value of (328.0±89.63) min versus (158.40 ±57.13) min in group A (ketorolac group) P=0.001 with more haemodynamic stability. Group B also showed lower ambulation time and less nocturnal awakening due to pain.

Conclusions

Intravenous ibuprofen is more effective than intravenous ketorolac in reducing postoperative pain following caesarean delivery. It reduces the 24-h opioid requirement and VAS at rest and during movement.
Integrating social accountability into the medical curriculum: The Need, Implementation, and Impact measurement
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Mendhe Harshal Gajanan , Joshi Abhishek
Published: March 2024

Social accountability in medical education deals with the responsibility of medical colleges and health-care facilities to effectively respond to the health-related needs of the communities they cater to. The incorporation of social accountability into the medical curriculum has been linked with multiple benefits for different stakeholders. Considering the utility of social accountability, there is an immense need to integrate the same into the medical curriculum and implement it for the benefit of medical students. The success of social accountability will essentially depend on the kind of partnership of medical colleges with the local community. Upon implementation of social accountability into the medical curriculum, the next step is to ascertain the impact of such initiatives. In conclusion, the adoption of social accountability into medical education can significantly aid in the process of producing compassionate and culturally competent medical graduates. The need of the hour is to adopt a concerted approach to integrate social accountability in the medical curriculum and regularly measure its impact for periodic betterment and reduction in health disparity.
Clinical applications of brain diffusion-tensor imaging and fiber tractography
Authors: ElSheikh Mona M. , Al Saadawy Eman G. , Reda Mohamed-Ihab , Khaled Manal F.
Published: March 2024

Background

Diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tractography are relatively recent MRI techniques that have opened an entirely new noninvasive window on the white matter (WM) connectivity of the human brain. Since their introduction, they have rapidly evolved and found application in essentially every disorder involving the WM.

Aim

The aim of this work was to study the clinical applications of DTI and fiber tractography in various neoplastic and nonneoplastic brain lesions, as well as to demonstrate their role in preoperative mapping of WM tracts in relation to brain lesions.

Patients and methods

A prospective study was conducted for 2 years on 40 patients presenting to Alexandria University with variable intracranial lesions related to WM tracts who underwent DTI and fiber tractography. The study included 25 males and 15 females. The age of the patients ranged from 6 to 76 years (mean age, 40.7 years). Qualitative analysis of DTI data was performed using directionally encoded color maps and three-dimensional tractography reconstruction.

Results

According to visual analysis multiple projection, association and/or commissural WM fiber tracts were involved; the most common was the corticospinal tract in 25 (62.5%) cases. WM tract involvement patterns were deviated/splayed tracts in 31 (64.6%) cases, infiltrated in nine (18.8%) cases, edematous in five (10.4%) cases, and interrupted in three (6.3%) cases.

Conclusion

DTI and fiber tractography are valuable noninvasive techniques providing qualitative information aiding in lesion characterization, determining WM integrity, and essential in the surgical planning for patients with intrinsic brain lesions.