bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INCIDENCE OF MINOR AILMENTS OF PUERPERIUM AND RELATED KNOWLEDGE AMONG POSTNATAL MOTHERS.
Authors: Raj K Soumya , Rajan Reshma , Kj Suvi
Published: January 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the incidence and knowledge of minor ailments of puerperium among postnatal mothers and to develop an information leaflet on the management of minor ailments of puerperium.Methods: A quantitative approach with descriptive design and convenience sampling technique was used in this study. With these methods, the researcher selected 100 postnatal mothers attending Obstetrics and Gynecology ward, AIMS, Kochi. A semi-structured questionnaire along with a checklist was used to assess the knowledge and the incidence of minor ailments among postnatal mothers.Result: The result showed that the common incidence of minor ailments was afterpain (67%), perineal discomfort (50%), constipation (43%), and fatigue (67%). Majority of the postnatal mothers had average knowledge (65%) level, and some of them had good knowledge (21%), and some of them had poor knowledge (14%).Conclusion: The study revealed that the main four problems of minor ailments of puerperium were afterpain, perineal discomfort, constipation, and fatigue. Number of studies from different part of the world, including India, shows that a large proportion of postnatal mother experiences minor ailments of puerperium. This provides evidence for giving importance to minor ailments of puerperium. Researchers also provided a baseline information leaflet on the management of minor ailments of puerperium.
A NEW VALIDATED SIMULTANEOUS REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ASSAY METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF TWO FLAVONES (BAICALEIN AND CHRYSIN) IN API DRUGS
Authors: Sesharao Maddi , Madhavarao Vallabaneni
Published: January 2018

Objective: The scope of the present work is a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) assay method developed for the simultaneous determination of baicalein and Chrysin in API drugs.Methods: The RP-HPLC method employed a Hypersil BDS C18 reversed-phase column (150×4.6 mm×5.0 μm) with an isocratic mixture of water and acetonitrile in the ratio of 55:45; v/v as the mobile phase. The column temperature was kept at 25°C. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and detection was by means of a photodiode array detector at wavelength of 268 nm and validated for various parameters such as specificity, system suitability, method precision, linearity, accuracy, solution stability, ruggedness, and robustness.Results: The system suitability parameters were evaluated from standard chromatograms by calculating the % relative standard deviation (RSD) from six replicate injections for baicalein and Chrysin peak areas. The % RSD for the peak area of the principal peak from six replicate injections of each standard solution was <2.0%. The linearity and correlation coefficient of baicalein and Chrysin was found to be 0.999. Method precision was performed, and % RSD from six different preparations for baicalein and Chrysin were found to be <2.0. The % recovery for each level was found to be the range of 98.0–102%. In ruggedness and robustness, the % RSD of the peak area of all peaks for six replicate injections should be not more than 2.0.Conclusion: Hence, the chromatographic assay method developed for baicalein and chrysin is said to be rapid, simple, specific, sensitive, precise, accurate, and reliable that can be effectively applied for routine analysis in research institutions, quality control department in industries, approved testing laboratories, bio-pharmaceutics, and bio-equivalence studies and in clinical pharmacokinetic studies.
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF HIPPOCAMPAL GENE EXPRESSION OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPIC FACTOR AND TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4 IN DIABETIC RATS EXPOSED TO CHRONIC STRESS: EFFECTS OF ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS
Authors: Aboul-fotouh Sawsan , Hassan Doaa Mohamed , Habib Mohamed Zaki Eldeen , Amin Ahmed Ibrahim , Kassim Samar K. , Mohamed Amr Saad
Published: January 2018

Objective: Depression and diabetes are closely associated in a reciprocal manner, leading to significant morbidity and mortality with an evidence of a pro-inflammatory state underlying pathophysiology of both diseases. Unfortunately, little information is available about the effects of antidepressant drugs on hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) expression in diabetes.Methods: We investigated the effect of chronic administration of fluoxetine (FLU) and imipramine (IMIP) on behavioral, metabolic, and inflammatory abnormalities in diabetic and non-diabetic rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS).Results: Both diabetes and CRS induced depressive-like behavior which was more prominent in diabetic/depressed rats; this was reversed by chronic treatment with FLU and IMIP. Diabetic and non-diabetic rats exposed to CRS showed a significant increase in hippocampal expression of TLR-4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines alongside a decrease in BDNF expression. FLU and IMIP ameliorated these inflammatory abnormalities.Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic stress induced a depressive-like behavior associated with an increase in hippocampal expression of TLR-4, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1ß with a significant correlation to decreased BDNF expression. FLU and IMIP showed comparable effects regards the improvement of depressive and inflammatory abnormalities associated with DM.
EFFECTS OF THEAFLAVINS ON GASTRIC CANCER CELL LINE
Authors: Roy Surmi , Saha Arpita , Chatterjee Ananya , Chatterjee Sirshendu , Mazumder Santasree , Bandyopadhyay Sandip K
Published: January 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the anticarcinogenic effects of theaflavins (TFs), component of black tea, on human gastric cancer cell line.Materials and Methods: Cell viability was assessed by WST-1 reagent. Acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) fluorescence staining method were used to detect apoptotic cells, if any, followed by flow cytometric detection. To evaluate the molecular basis for understanding the apoptotic pathway, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured. Pro- and anti-apoptotic protein and gene expressions were detected by western blot and real-time techniques.Results: TFs-treated AGS cell indicated apoptosis-mediated cell death. The presence of TFs induced the generation of ROS and which in turn changes the MMP with the elevated level of cyt c, activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP cleavage. Our study also showed that TFs treatment altered the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and upregulated the expression of p53.Conclusion: All these observations lead to the fact that TFs developed potential chemopreventive effects through the induction of apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated death cascade in the human gastric cancer cell.
METHYL GALLATE FROM JIRINGA (ARCHIDENDRON JIRINGA) AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY.
Authors: Lubis Misri Yanty , Siburian Rikson , Marpaung Lamek , Simanjuntak Partomuan , Nasution Muhammad Pandapotan
Published: January 2018

Objective: This research was study about phytochemical active phenolic compound from pods of jiringa (Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I. C. Nielsen) and it’s antioxidant.Methods: Pods of jiringa were air dried and macerated with methanol. Extract was evaporated using rotary evaporator, and then, crude extract dissolved with water and partitioned with ethyl acetate. Extracts were evaporated and partitioned again with methanol and n-hexane. Column and preparative chromatography used to separate pure compound. Pure compound as methyl gallate was identificated with data from nuclear magnetic resonances of proton H (1H NMR), NMR of carbon (13C NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS). Antioxidant activity of pure compound tested by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method.Results: We found pure phenolic compound from pods of jiringa as methyl gallate that exists on fraction III-2, and it has high antioxidant activity with inhibition concentration 50 was 3.7576 μg/ml.Conclusions: Pods of jiringa contain of active phenolic compound as methyl gallate that has high antioxidant activity. Therefore, it can be used as a source of natural antioxidant.
ASSOCIATION OF ANTI-DOUBLE STRANDED DNA ANTIBODIES, C-REACTIVE PROTEIN, AND ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE FROM PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN TAMIL NADU.
Authors: Manikandan Natesan , Rameshkumar Marimuthu Ragavan , S Rajeshwari , Arunagirinathan Narasingam
Published: January 2018

Objective: To determine the serum levels of anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) from Tamil Nadu, and elucidate their correlation level.Methods: Blood samples were collected from 100 SLE patients (mean age 39 years) attended to the Rheumatology Care Centre, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai. Anti-dsDNA antibodies IgG in SLE patients were analyzed by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, and CRP was measured by turbidimetry. ESR was measured by Westergren method.Results: In a total of 100 SLE patients, 72 cases were positive for anti-dsDNA antibody. The mean level of anti-dsDNA antibodies in 72 SLE patients was 102 IU/ml. Among the 100 SLE cases, 92 cases (92%) had elevated levels of CRP and their mean level was 11 ± 4 mg/L. The mean ESR levels were high in SLE patients (56 ± 20 mm/hr). Significant association of anti-dsDNA antibodies with ESR (r = 0.357; p < 0.001) and CRP (r = 0.81; p = 0.023) was found.Conclusion: Anti-dsDNA antibodies had a significant association with CRP and ESR. The result of our study suggests an association of anti-dsDNA antibodies with ESR and CRP and was linked with SLE disease progression.
THE EFFECT OF LUNASIN FROM INDONESIAN SOYBEAN EXTRACT ON INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE AND β-CATENIN EXPRESSION IN DEXTRAN SODIUM SULFATE-INDUCED MICE COLON
Authors: Kusmardi Kusmardi , Nessa Nessa , Estuningtyas Ari , Tedjo Aryo , Wuyung Puspita Eka
Published: January 2018

Objective: Inflammatory bowel diseases are idiopathic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Chronic inflammation that occurs in the colon can develop into colon cancer. Lunasin has been known to resist inflammatory reactions induced by lipopolysaccharide in vitro. The role of lunasin as anti-inflammatory in vivo is not widely known. In this study, we analyzed the effect of lunasin from Indonesian soybean to decrease the risk of inflammation by analyzing the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and β-catenin.Methods: A total of 30 mice are divided into six groups. Normal group was not induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The other groups were induced by DSS 2% through drinking water for 9 days. After 9 days, negative group did not receive any treatment, besides the other groups received treatment given lunasin dose 20 mg/kg BB and 40 mg/kg BB, commercial lunasin, and positive given aspirin. Treatment was performed for 5 weeks. Immunohistochemistry scores of iNOS and β-catenin proteins were analyzed using statistical tests.Results: Expression of iNOs decreased significantly (p<0.05) with an average score of 60.134 and 35.473. Expression of β-catenin decreased significantly (p<0.05) with an average score of 15.58 and 11.131.Conclusion: Lunasin dose 20 mg/kg BW and 40 mg/kg BB were able to inhibit inflammation by decreasing the expressions of iNOS, and β-catenin.
DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF OROSLIPPERY BUOYANT TABLETS FOR RANITIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Maraie Nidhal K , Salman Zeina D , Yousif Nora Zawar
Published: January 2018

Objective: The goal behind of performing this study was to come out with an oroslippery buoyant ranitidine hydrochloride tablet to ease the swallowing process. Hence, the drug is released controllably in the stomach regardless of the effect on gastric emptying time.Materials and Methods: The core of the buoyant containing 150 mg of the drug was compressed directly, and sodium bicarbonate was employed as an effervescent agent, besides, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) polymer was utilized in different grades in the formulation process. The prepared core was immersed in the coating dispersion, which was formulated using xanthan gum (slipping agent) and Kollicoat instant release (IR) (for film formation). According to the variables in the formulation process, floating properties varies along with the release profile of the drug; therefore, investigation of the effects of variables was conducted, including polymer type and concentration in the core part, and the effect of Kollicoat IR amount as well as the level of coating.Results: According to this study, it was clearly obvious that T4 formulation, that consisted of HPMC K4M, after being dipped 2 times in dispersion of 0.3% xanthan gum and 14% Kollicoat IR, had provided an instant floating, moreover, the in vivo slipperiness was quite acceptable as well as the taste masking. Nevertheless, the percentage of drug release measured after 6 h was 90.15%.Conclusion: The resultant formulas is quite promising to take the lead as new approach to easy swallowing tablets without need of water especially for patients with swallowing problems as well as it is floating tablet that can retain the drug in gastric cavity to be continuously released to ensure its maximum absorption and may improve its bioavailability.
FLAVONOIDS FROM ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA OF COSMOS CAUDATUS KUNTH. LEAF AS ANTICANCER AND ANTIMICROBIAL
Authors: Ramadhan Fiqh , Mukarramah Luluk , Risma Fikri Ainur , Yulian Ria , Annisyah Nurul Hilyatun , Asyiah Iis Nur
Published: January 2018

Objective: The present study aimed to isolate and examine the characteristics of endophytic bacteria from kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) leaves, to determine the endophytic bacteria capable of producing flavonoids, and to test their potency as anticancer and antimicrobial.Methods: The isolation of endophytic bacteria from C. caudatus Kunth. leaf was conducted by technical surface sterilization. Each of these isolates was produced from the insulation and then cultured on a liquid medium of 0.1% soluble starch, 0.5% peptone, and 0.15% yeast extract with a pH of 7 which have been incubated in room temperature for 5 days with agitation of 120 rpm and extracted with ethyl acetate solvent. The extract was then tested for flavonoid content using thin-layer chromatography method. The anticancer ability of flavonoids was tested by brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method, while that for antimicrobial, the test used paper disc method.Results: A total of 15 isolates of endophytic bacteria were successfully isolated from the kenikir leaves, but only 4 isolates produced flavonoids, among others PKM 1 (Serratia sp.), PKM 2 (Neisseria sp.), PKM 17 (Acinetobacter sp.), and PKM 19 (Yersinia sp.). BSLT test results showed that the flavonoids cause mortality in Artemia salina leach with LC50 as much as 16.736 in PKM 17, 17.267 in PKM 2, 18.672 in PKM 1, and 23.411 in PKM 19. The flavonoids also inhibited the growth of pathogens in human-based antimicrobial test results.Conclusion: Flavonoids produced by four endophytic bacterial isolates from kenikir leaves have great potential as anticancer and antimicrobial.
ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF BOGOR PINEAPPLE (ANANAS COMOSUS [L.] MERR. VAR. QUEEN) CULTIVATED IN WEST JAVA-INDONESIA
Authors: Fidrianny Irda , Virna Veliana , Insanu Muhamad
Published: January 2018

Objective: The aims of this research were to observe antioxidant activities from different parts of Bogor pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr. Var. Queen) using two antioxidant testing methods which were 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and correlation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents with their inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of DPPH and exhibitory concentration 50% (EC50) of FRAP.Methods: Each sample was extracted by reflux using different polarity solvents. Antioxidant activities were determined using DPPH and FRAP assays, total phenolic content (TPC) using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, flavonoid content by Chang’s method, and correlation with their IC50 DPPH and EC50 FRAP were analyzed by Pearson’s method.Results: IC50 DPPH of various extracts of different parts of Bogor pineapple ranged from 0.13 to 68.17μg/ml. The ethyl acetate peel extract of Bogor pineapple presented the highest TPC (7.84 g GAE/100 g) while the highest total flavonoid content (10.84 g QE/100 g) was shown by ethyl acetate bract extract of Bogor pineapple. TPC in peel extract of Bogor pineapple had negative and significant correlation with their EC50 FRAP. The IC50 DPPH and EC50 FRAP of peel extract of Bogor pineapple showed positive and significant correlation.Conclusion: All different part extracts of Bogor pineapple (except n-hexane flesh extract, peel extract, and bract extract) were categorized as a very strong antioxidant by DPPH method. Phenolic compounds in peel extract of Bogor pineapple were the major contributor in antioxidant activities by FRAP method. DPPH and FRAP methods gave linear results in antioxidant activities of Bogor pineapple peel extract.
NANOPARTICLES: A PROMISING DRUG DELIVERY APPROACH
Authors: Kadian Renu
Published: January 2018

Nanoparticles are particles having a size range of 1 and 100 nanometers, defined as a small object behaving as a complete unit with respect to the drug transport and therapeutic properties. They have several advantages such as improvement in the intracellular infiltration, enhanced hydrophobic solubility, and circulation time of the drug. They reduce non-specific uptake and side effects of the conventional drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles offer more effective and convenient routes of administration (oral, pulmonary, parenteral, and transdermal) and used for drug delivery for treatment of cancer, diabetes, pain, asthma, allergy, infections, and so on. They allow targeted delivery and controlled release of the drug. Further research on their mechanism of action to meet better stability of nanoparticles in the biological system could be done.
DETECTION SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS IN UROMODULIN PROMOTER REGION ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL DISEASES USING SINGLE-STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM-POLYMERASE CHAIN POLYMORPHISMS TECHNIQUE
Authors: Isam Zahraa , Al-jelawi- Rabab Omran , Mahmood Ammad Hassan
Published: January 2018

Objective: The uromodulin, a glycoprotein, expressed and secreted by epithelial kidney cells lining the thick ascending limb of the Henle’s loop. It is encoded by the UMOD gene in humans. Our objective was to analyze single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the UMOD promoter region in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD).Methods: The blood samples were collected from 100 patients with CKD (50) and ESRD (50), who admitted at Merjan Teaching Hospital in Babylon Province, Iraq (February-July 2016). In addition, 50 blood samples of healthy control. The SNPs of UMOD promoter region was investigated using single-strand conformation polymorphism-polymerase chain polymorphisms (SSCP-PCR) and DNA sequencing techniques.Results: UOMD promoter region polymorphisms using PCR-SSCP and sequencing DNA appeared three different conformational haplotypes, including A\G 49 haplotype (5 bands), A\G 49 and C\A 247 haplotype (5 bands), and C\G 45 and A\G 49 haplotype (6 bands) distributed among CKD and ESRD cases, due to the presence of three SNPs. There was no association between band numbers of PCR-SSCP with ESRD and CKD compared with a control group.Conclusion: SSCP-PCR is a good screening method to detect genetic variations in an uromodulin promoter region.
ESTIMATION OF VIBRIO SPECIES INCIDENCES AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN DIARRHEA PATIENTS.
Authors: Thakur Nutan , Changotra Harish , Shrivastava Rahul , Grover Neelam , Vashistt Jitendraa
Published: January 2018

Objectives: Diarrheal diseases are globally important public health concern due to high morbidity and mortality rates among all age groups. Incidences and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Vibrio species are either underreported or overlooked in low-to-middle income countries. The present study is a hospital surveillance conducted to estimate the incidences of Vibrio infections in diarrhea.Methods: A total of 572 diarrheal stool specimens were collected from two major hospitals and investigated using bacteriological tests coupled with molecular assays for characterization of Vibrio species. Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion method was utilized to monitor antibiotic resistance against different antibiotic classes.Results: Biochemical and molecular analysis of isolates revealed that Vibrio species accounted for about 5% of diarrheal incidences. Higher rates of Vibrio spp. infections were observed among adolescent and adult age groups than children and elderly. Seasonal distribution analysis showed uniform Vibrio spp. infections throughout the year; however, frequency peaks were observed during rainy seasons. Vibrio spp. showed sensitivity for most antibiotics classes: Quinolones, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems; however, alarming resistance rates were observed against cephalosporins and nalidixic acid.Conclusion: The present study provides credible estimates of Vibrio incidences and resistance pattern in diarrheal patients. Our findings will help in establishing trends in diarrhea etiology and management of severe diarrhea cases.
EFFECT OF FORCED EXERCISE (TAP STRESS) ON DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER AND EFFICACY OF ABHRAK BHASMA AS DIETARY SUPPLEMENT.
Authors: Subedi Rambhadur P , Vartak Rekha R , Kale Purushottam G
Published: January 2018

Objective: Generation of reactive oxygen species and other oxidants as an outcome of aerobic respiration has been well documented. During boosted muscular activities/exercise, there is an increase in the rate of respiration and subsequent generation of oxidants; for which, organisms possess various defense systems. There is, however, paucity of reports on the effect of forced exercise in Drosophila melanogaster.Methods: The present investigation reports a method for inducing forced exercise, the “tap stress,” in D. melanogaster. This method takes advantage of the natural tendency of Drosophila flies to climb/fly upward in a cylindrical tube. Simplicity of assembly, ease of experimentation and cost effectiveness are some of the key advantages of this method. Tap stress has been assumed to manifest through the generation of oxidative stress, thus, parameters indicative of oxidative stress have been evaluated.Results: The results indicate that tap stress induces oxidative stress mainly by influencing the non-catalytic components; total reduced glutathione (GSH), GSH: oxidized glutathione ratio, and free radical scavenging capacity. The catalytic components (superoxide dismutase, and catalase), on the contrary, remain largely unaffected. Abhrak bhasma (AB) influences total GSH content with an increase by about 38±21%, while flies on control diet register a decrease in total GSH content by 34±7% during tap stress. Feeding flies on AB, specifically, show a prominent increase in the transcription levels of cap “n” collar C, heat shock protein 70 and catalase genes (>1.5 fold).Conclusion: Overall, dietary supplement of AB and ascorbic acid benefits Drosophila flies in the management of oxidative stress induced through tap stress.
EVALUATION OF NEUTROPHIL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS INDICES AMONG YOUNG PREHYPERTENSIVES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: V Deepika , R Vijaya Kumar
Published: January 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the arterial stiffness indices and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in young prehypertensives.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried as a part of the medical health check-up program conducted on 150 students joining 1st year MBBS. Based on their blood pressure (BP) recordings they were classified as normotensives and prehypertensives. Arterial stiffness indices were assessed using finger photoplethysmography, and NLR was evaluated using automated hematological analyzer. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were performed using SPSS version 16 and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Of the 150 subjects, 106 were recruited for the present study. Based on BP, they were grouped as normotensives (n=66) and prehypertensives (n=40). Arterial stiffness indices, namely, stiffness index (SI) and reflection index (RI) reported a significant increase among the prehypertensive group with p=0.003 and p=0.002, respectively. SI and RI showed a positive correlation with systolic BP, diastolic BP, heart rate, and body mass index (BMI). NLR reported a significant increase in a prehypertensive group with p=0.03 but no correlation was found between NLR and arterial stiffness indices.Conclusion: Targeting the high-risk individuals, based on increased arterial stiffness, NLR, BMI and BP, for earlier lifestyle modifications could act as a potential preventive strategy to inhibit the development of cardiovascular diseases.
KNOWLEDGE ON HYPOGLYCEMIA AMONG PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS.
Authors: P Thenmozhi , M Vijayalakshmi
Published: January 2018

Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the level of knowledge on hypoglycemia among patients with diabetes mellitus in the rural community. Hypoglycemia is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus. The recognition of hypoglycemia and immediate treatment of hypoglycemia should be known by all the diabetic patients so that treatment of hypoglycemia may not be delayed, need for hospitalization could be avoided, and life-threatening complications due to hypoglycemia may be prevented.Methods: A cross-sectional research design was adopted with 60 samples who met the inclusion criteria in the rural community in India. Structured interview method was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.Result: Of 60 samples, 38 (63.33%) had inadequate knowledge, 12 (20%) of them had moderately adequate knowledge, and 10 (16.67%) of them had adequate knowledge. There is a significant association between the age and type of treatment at the level of p<0.05 with the level of knowledge on hypoglycemia.Conclusion: The study findings emphasized that majority of the patients with diabetes mellitus do not have the knowledge on hypoglycemia. The health-care professional has an important role in educating diabetics on hypoglycemia so that hypoglycemic episodes and morbidity could be reduced or prevented.
EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF PARKINSONIA ACULEATA LEAVES EXTRACT ON EHRLICH’S ASCITES CARCINOMA-INDUCED MICE.
Authors: A Prameela Rani , E Agarjuna Babu , S Prem Madhur , Reddy D Ravi Chandra Sekhara , Kumar K Phani
Published: January 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the anticancer activity of the ethanolic extract of Parkinsonia aculeata (EEPA) leaves. Methods: Anticancer activity of P. aculeata (EEPA) of leaf extract was evaluated in Swiss albino mice against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell line at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight orally. The extracts were administered for 14 consecutive days. 24 h of the last dose and 18 h of fasting, the mice were sacrificed, and the anticancer effect of EEPA was assessed by evaluating tumor volume, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, tumor weight, hematological parameters, and biochemical parameters of EAC bearing mice.Results: P. aculeata extracts showed a significant decrease in (p<0.01) tumor volume, viable cell count, tumor weight, and elevated the life span of EAC bearing mice. Hematological profile such as red blood cell, hemoglobin count reverted to normal level in EEPA treated mice. The extracts significantly (p<0.05) decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation and significantly (p<0.05) increased the levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase.Conclusion: The results showed that the EEPA was effective in inhibiting the tumor growth in ascitic models and that is comparable to 5-fluorouracil.
FREQUENCY AND DISTRIBUTION OF CYTOPLASMIC AND NUCLEAR P63 IN RECOGNIZING THE BASAL-LIKE AND NON-BASAL-LIKE TYPES OF BREAST CANCER BASED ON AGE.
Authors: Kamarlis Reno Keumalazia , Dahlan Lubis Muhammad Nadjib , Hernowo Bethy S , Kar Azmi S , Gani Basri A
Published: January 2018

Objective: To assess the immune expressions of cytoplasmic and nuclear protein63 (p63) proteins in metaplastic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients with basal-like and non-basal-like types based on age.Methods: Forty samples of breast cancer patients diagnosed with TNBC were examined immune histochemical based on the immune expressions of cytoplasmic and nuclear p63 with basal-like (CK 5/6, positive) and non-basal-like (CK 5/6 negative) types. The histoscore values were categorized into Score 1 (<20%, negative), Score 2 (>20% - 50%, weak positive), Score 3 (>50% - 80%, moderate positive), and Score 4 (>80 %, strong positive) also analyzed by one-way analysis variance, probability (p<0.05), and correlation (p<0.01).Results: Forty subjects with breast cancer showed 23 of basal-like (57.5%) and 17 of non-basal-like (42.5%) types. The cytoplasmic p63 had a low histoscores in the group of < 40–49 years old (55%), the moderate group of 40–55 years old (27.5%), and the high group of fewer than 50–60 years old (17.5%). The nuclear p63 was low in all age groups (p<0.05). It was the significant difference between basal-like and non-basal-like types (p<0.01) and strongest correlation (1.00). The immunoexpression of cytoplasmic p63 of basal-like cell type had an intensity of 88.2%, while nuclear p63 possessed 11.8% (p<0.05).Conclusion: The frequency of cytoplasm p63 in all age groups of metaplastic breast cancer of basal-like type was more dominant than the nuclear p63. Otherwise, in the non-basal-like type, the cytoplasmic p63 protein was lower than the of nuclear p63 protein.
ASSESSMENT OF PERIODIC DISSIMILARITY OF PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LINN (MYRTACEAE) LEAVES USING WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Authors: Borah Uttam , Dash Biswajit , Chakraborty Jashabir
Published: January 2018

Objective: The current investigation was achieved to treasure out the modification of antidiarrheal activity of ethanoic leaves extract of Psidium guajava Linn. with respect to change of season, namely, autumn and spring.Methods: The castor oil induced diarrhea method is employed for assessment of periodic dissimilarity of antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extract of P. guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae) leaves. Phytochemical variation is resolute as per typical procedure using various reagents.Results: Phytochemical scrutiny discloses that small fluctuation of phytoconstituent content was observed. The extract was initially assayed for its possessions in castor oil-induced diarrhea at different doses (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg, p.o.). There was statistically noteworthy lessening (p<0.05) in the number of wet feces by 78.33% during spring season and 78.26% during autumn season at 600 mg/kg body weight, and when compared to negative control rats, which might be due to change in climate or due to alteration in plant biosynthesis pathway in different season.Conclusion: The outcomes deliver the suggestion for variation in phytochemical contents as well as amendment in antidiarrheal activity of ethanoic extract of P. guajava leaves during autumn and spring.
HOLD-TIME STUDY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL TABLET DURING MANUFACTURING PROCESS: AN INNOVATIVE STEP
Authors: Sayeed Shaziya Yasmeen , Goyal Anju
Published: January 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to ensure that intermediates and the bulk product can be held without any significant adverse effect on the quality of the material till next step of processing. Such a holding period should be based on data. Studies should not be extended to find the edge of failure for holding.Method: Samples are put away in same natural conditions as in manufacturing/storage. After establishing a sampling plan required sample amount based on the batch size is ascertained, the intervals and tests are to be performed. Samples are kept in a storage container and tested. Results are contrasted and the underlying benchmark information of the control test. Hold-time study data shall give the assurance the maximum allowable hold times for bulk and in-process drug products. In general, one lot can be used for validating hold times if any irregularity comes, results were observed then another two lots can be used for this investigation.Conclusion: Each manufacturing stage shelf life can be determined depending on the hold-time study results. If the hold-time samples are passing at 60-day time point, then the shelf life of the specific stage can be considered up to 45 days.
FLAVONOIDS NUTRACEUTICALS IN PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF CANCER: A REVIEW
Authors: Lotha Robert , Sivasubramanian Arvind
Published: January 2018

The objective of the study was to discuss the preventive and treatment of cancer from flavonoids nutraceuticals from our daily dietary source. There has been increasing interest in the research of flavonoids from dietary sources, due to growing evidence of the versatile health benefits of flavonoids through epidemiological studies. Numerous biological activities have been reported. Some clinical trials or meta-analyses have suggested positive associations between flavonoid intake and human health, Several findings have proven that dietary flavonoids to have anticancer properties. Flavonoids due to their nontoxicity in nature and vast, broad aspect of its benefits in biological activities have been intensively studied for their health benefits also added to its abundant availability in our daily diets, for example, green leaves, fruits, red wine, and tea vegetables.
ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS OF HYPERTENSION AMONG ADULTS RESIDING IN URBAN SLUM OF DELHI.
Authors: Dwivedi Supriya , Gonmei Zaozianlungliu , Toteja Gurudayal Singh , Srivastava Nidhi
Published: January 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the risk factors of hypertension among adults residing in urban slums of West Delhi.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among adult population of 18–59 years residing in urban slums of West Delhi. Blood pressure was measured twice using digital machine (OMRON). Height, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured, weight was taken, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The Joint National Committee VII criteria were used to define hypertension, and the National Cholesterol Education Program and Adult Treatment Panel-III guidelines were used to define different categories of dyslipidemia. The World Health Organization (2014) criteria were used to classify the BMI.Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension among adults (n=423) was 25.3%. Among hypertensive adults, the prevalence of obesity was 22.7%, while among non-hypertensives, it was 10.9%. Similarly, overweight prevalence was higher (27.3%) in hypertensive adults compared to non-hypertensive adults (20.6%). The overall prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol <40/<50 mg/dl, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥130 was 19.7%, 33.7%, 75.7%, and 21.8%, respectively. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and serum LDL-C ≥130 mg/dl was 38%, 50%, and 32% among hypertensive adults, while among non-hypertensive adults, it was 15%, 29%, and 19%, respectively.Conclusion: Hypertensive adults had higher BMI, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C compared to non-hypertensives.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN LEAVES OF SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA (L.) PERS.
Authors: S Pradeesh , S Swapna T
Published: January 2018

Objective: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidants present in Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. belongs to the family Fabaceae.Methods: Fresh samples were used for the analysis of antioxidants such as total phenol, carotenoids, Vitamin-A, Vitamin-C, Vitamin-E, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase by standard estimation methods.Results: Present studies revealed that this wild leafy plant has numerous antioxidant factors that destroying the free radicals that damage the cells.Conclusion: S. grandiflora contain many enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and could be a good source of dietary antioxidants which play an important role in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
The method for construction of gravity model of the Earth and the geoid
Authors: Trubaev N.A.
Published: January 2018

The article gives a way to construct the gravity model of the Earth and the geoid. The model is obtained by solving two successive well-posed problems having a unique solution reduced to solving (generalized) Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The initial data for constructing of the model are the values of the gravity component of the weight force, independent of time, on the surface of a simply connected area containing the Earth body inside itself. The proposed algorithm, unlike most known ones, makes it possible to construct a real geoid, since it automatically takes into account the presence of masses outside of the quasigeoid. The accuracy of the construction of the gravity model in the form of a volumetric Newtonian potential is limited only by the accuracy of field measurements and can be checked at the computation stage, since the values of the density of this potential, corresponding to the values of the average density of the constituent components of the Earth, must be zero outside of the figure of the Earth. The density of atmospheric air is taken into account.
The necessity of updating building regulations for engineering-geodesic surveys for the far North
Authors: Murzincev P.P. , Binder I.O.
Published: January 2018

Specific examples substantiate the need for actualization of building codes and rules for engineering and geodetic survey of corridors of linear communications in the Far North regions for areas with perigome heaves of permafrost. It is emphasized that in order to ensure reliable operation and ensure the safety of the operation of gas mains in SNiP, recommendations should be made on the metric characteristics of the location of the communication corridors relative to the upper and lower component of the hillocks. It is recommended that the distance to the nearest pipeline be at least 100 meters from the upper component of the bougram, and from the lower component not less than 50 meters. It is necessary to regulate the order of the pipelines in the corridor. The oil pipeline is proposed to be designed as the final one in the corridor, that is to say, the maximum distance from the boundary of the hillock, as its temperature is much higher, which may help to thaw the hillock. In order to increase the efficiency of engineering and geodetic surveying to detect and establish the distribution boundaries of the lower component of the permafrost drill, it is recommended to use an instrumental survey complex. This complex allows not only transportation of equipment in winter and summer field seasons, but also practically simultaneously perform geodetic, geological work with georadar survey of the territory (Patent of the Russian Federation for utility model N 164037 dated August 1, 2016).
Valuation mapping of hazards of the crisis natural and economic situations
Authors: Krasnoshtanova N.E. , Cherkashin A.K.
Published: January 2018

An innovative technique for the secondary use of cartographic information for creating assessment hazard maps of crisis natural and economic situations and an integral assessment of the sustainability economic development and the quality of live is presented. Valuation mapping was carried for the Slyudyansky district of the Irkutsk region. A database has been created for homogeneous network of plots, which contains heterogeneous information about the nature and socio-economic environment of the district. Spatial data were processed using multidimensional statistics on the base of reliability theory models. An account of the environmental correction for each plots is an important aspect of the proposed technique of assessing and creating through maps. This makes it possible to reduce the evaluation function to an invariant form common to all locations and it is used in through way to create assessment maps for natural and socio-economic objects. As a result, a series of raster maps of through thematic content was made. The map of integral hazard of emergence of economic crisis situation displays the lowest hazard values for the territories of settlements and their surrounding areas, as well as areas along roads and railways. Additionally it allocates undeveloped valley of taiga rivers, advanced for economic use, primarily for recreational purposes.
Attitude determination of system coordinate gradiometer with respect to inertial space
Authors: Kluykov A.A.
Published: January 2018

The article represents the algorithm of attitude determination in gradiometer coordinate system with respect to inertial space. The problem can be solved in two steps. The first step is to determine the values of matrix transformation from celestial system (ICRF) to star camera coordinate system (SSRF) using observations star. The second step is to determine the values of matrix transformation from star camera coordinate system (SSRF) to gradiometer coordinate system (GRF). This problem is solved through mounting sensor systems on board of a satellite. Due to the mission GOCE three star cameras are mounted there. The matrix of transformation from star camera coordinate system (SSRF) to gradiometer coordinate system (GRF) is determined for every star camera. The values of transformation matrix are represented in file of data AUX_EGG_DB. Processing star camera’s (star cameras’) observations include the following steps
Interpretation particular qualities of the images of area vegetation objects on satellite images of Earth surface
Authors: Nazmutdinova A.I. , Milich V.N.
Published: January 2018

Area vegetation objects occupy significant part on a satellite images therefore the study of area vegetation imagery is an important task. Particular qualities of the satellite images interpretation are mainly determined by the process of image creation and the investigation purposes. To solve the tasks of recognition of the vegetation different types it needs different methods but the result is not always satisfactory. Analysis of the task of vegetation different types recognition allows to differentiate the objects in the images according to the degree of their distinguishability
On discussion of the consequences of revolution in astrometry at the start of XXI century
Authors: Tolchelnikova S.A.
Published: January 2018

The purpose of the paper is to draw attention to the problems emerged in optical astrometry. It had to be developed by specialists in a new-born branch of radio physics named radio astrometry. The methods of the science with ancient origin were not familiar to them. The first step of reforms was the decision of International Astronomical Union about replacement of the International optical reference system by the radio reference system ICRS (ICRF). The decision retarded the development not only of fundamental astrometry and related sciences, but of astrophysics as well. 19 years passed after the decision, but radio frame (ICRF) is not used for reference either in space or in ground-based observations, or in geodesy as a reference for coordinates on Earth. The arguments of those who lobbied for the transition to radio sources remain unconfirmed
Community Empowerment through Islamic Microfinances: Perceptions in Comparison
Authors: Rifqi Lathif Hanafir
Published: January 2018

BMT (Islamic saving and loan cooperative) has continuosly been one of the Islamic microfinance institutions playing a significant role in empowering economic society. There has been a number of research discussing on the effort, however none of them discussed on the perception between the empowers and the empowered group. Comparing these perceptions is a salient effort to find similarities or differencess of perceptions. This research seeks to compare empowerment perception between two organizations. One hand hand, the first party taking BMT BIF Ledok Timoho as the empowering organization and on the other hand focusing on a group of women's empowerment Ledok Timoho. Gathering data through doing observation and in-depth interview had been employed with selecting the purposive informants that contains a BMT BIF and four empowerment group representatives. To conclude, this research found that are similarities of perceptions on empowerment goals, process, outcomes and constraints.Keywords : perception, empowerment, BMT (Islamic saving and loan cooperative)
Savings and Loans Program, The Revenue of Small Micro Enterprises and Poverty Reduction among Women Groups
Authors: Nihayah Ana Zahrotun
Published: January 2018

This research aims to understand the micro small medium business income both before and after receiving the program, to find out the number of poverty reduction, and to see the application of Islamic economic values on the women’s saving and loans program.The population of this research are members of the women’s saving and loans program, which is 215 people in total and scattered in 16 business group. Using random sampling techniques, there are 70 people that was taken into consideration. The method analysis used in in this research is using Wilcoxon rank test analysis, the poverty reduction analysis, and the Islamic economics values. Based on data analysis is(1) founded that the women’s saving and loans program affecting the micro small medium enterprises income. (2) Due to the women’s saving and loans program there are decreasing number of poverty rate about 20 percent. (3) It is realized that there are some applications of Islamic economics values upon the women’s saving and loans program, they are time extensions, fine replacement, social activities, and the improvement of society welfare.Keyword: micro small medium business, islamic economic values, saving and loans program
An Instruments Developing Cashless in Malaysia
Authors: Taasim Shairil Izwan , Yusoff Remali
Published: January 2018

This study aims to apply the technology assessment (TA) model on e-banking perceptions in the context of Malaysia, which involves aspects of supply and demand, and increasing the cashless concept in the country. A sample of 470 respondents were randomly selected from high density state capitals and major cities, through the convenience sampling method. Respondents were requested to complete a questionnaire developed from the basic model by forming UTAUT constructs, including quality, skills, transaction costs, user satisfaction, role of service providers (banks), and the influence of environment. Based on the results obtained, the model suggests that transaction costs, as direct costs by service providers, have a significant impact on the overall assessment of the performance of retail e-banking. Data analysis was performed using structured equation modeling (SEM), with the use of AMOS V22 as a method of trajectory analysis. Keywords: technology, SEM, performance, e-banking