bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical & Thermal Properties of Epoxy Based Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Jute/Sansevieria cylindrica Fibres
Authors: Kumar M. Ashok , Ramachandra Reddy G.
Published: December 2022

Tensile properties are studied to assess the influence of fiber weight. Room temperature cured epoxy was impregnated with jute/Scin order to evaluate the performance of hybrid composites. Jute/Scfibers are taken in the 1:1 weight ratios to suspend on epoxy resin with different fiber lengths such as 1, 2, 3 and 4 cm. The variations of aforementioned properties on hybrid composites with different fiber lengths have been studied. Significant improvement in tensile strengths of the jute/Schybrid composites has been observed by the alkali treatments. Thermal properties such as TGA and DSC are studied to investigate the influence of change in fibre length on treated and untreated hybrid composites in which 4 °C rise in decomposition temperature, 3 °C rise for glass transition temperature respectively
Performance Capabilities and Detection Efficiency of Vehicle Backup Proximity Sensors for Narrow Objects
Authors: Edirisinghe Mahesh , Dilhani Y.H.N. , Kangara K.M.J.C.B.
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates performance capabilities and potential safety effectiveness of ultrasonic backup proximity sensors with special attention on cylindrical and cubical shaped narrow obstacles with the dimensions varies from 2.6 cm to 11.0 cm. The experiment was performed using a commercially available parking aid system consisting of two ultrasonic sensors, and a rear bumper model constructed in a laboratory environment together with a test surface divided into grids having cells of 6 cm x 6 cm. It can be observed that there are considerable differences in detection zone patterns when comparing observations for cylinders and cubes even for same dimensions. Using detection zone maps, it can be seen that, when the size of the test objects become smaller, there are large blind spot areas in the space between the sensors and also near the right and left edges of the rear bumper. In average, when reducing the obstacle dimensions from 11.0 cm to 2.6 cm, the detection efficiency changes from 62.6% to 33.1% for cylindrical objects and for cubical shaped objects it was 39.3% to 21.6%. Average detection efficiency is lower than 50% for objects less than 5 cm in dimension irrespective of the object geometry.
The Effect of Molarity on some Physical Properties of In2S3 Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Technique
Authors: Habubi Nadir Fadhil , Ismail Raid A. , Abbod Mahmood M.
Published: December 2022

In2S3 thin films were grown by the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) method using indium chloride and thiourea as precursors at a different molar ratio (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2)M. The deposition was carried out at 400 °C on glass substrates. The film thickness is about 0.4 μm. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all the films were polycrystalline in nature with a strong (311) plane as the preferred orientation and consisted of cubic phases. The evaluated crystallite size varied in the range of (7.32–8.32) nm with the increase of molarity concentration. Morphological analysis showed that the granular structure and the granular density decrease with the raise of molarity concentration. The optical properties of the layers were also investigated using UV-Vis. analysis, which indicated that all the In2S3 films had the optical transmittance (60-85)% with increasing in molarity in the visible region, and the evaluated energy band varied in the range of (3.5–3.3) eV with the raise of molarity. The purpose of the preparation of a thin film of indium sulfide at several rates is to get thin films with a high degree of chemical balance (Stoichometery) and a high degree of crystallization.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Series of Diversely Substituted Acetyl Pyrazoline Bearing Biphenyl Carbonitrile Motif
Authors: Patel Pineshkumar N. , Karia Denish C.
Published: December 2022

Novel series of diversely substituted acetyl pyrazoline having biphenyl carbonitrile motif have been synthesized. The reaction of 2-cyno-4’-bromomethyl biphenyl with1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone resulted in acetophenone derivative of biphenyl-2-carbonitrile. This acetophenone derivative was condensed with substituted aromatic aldehyde in mixed solvent resulted in various substituted chalcones. These chalcones were further cyclized using hydrazine hydrate in presence of glacial acetic acid to produce titled compound derivatives. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were elucidated by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR FT-IR and mass spectra. Synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity by broth dilution method. Out of twelve newly synthesized compounds, eight compounds are found to be equipotent to Ampicillin.
Extraction and Separation Study of Mo(VI) and W(VI) Using Organophosphorous Extractant
Authors: Chavan D.V. , Pawar S.D.
Published: December 2022

Organophosphorous extractant, Cyanex-923, has been used for the extraction and separation of Mo(VI) and W(VI) is described. The extraction of the metal ions is studied as the function of several parameters such as effect of pH, effect of reagent concentration, stripping agents, diluents study and effect of diverse ion. It was observed that Cyanex-923 extracts Mo(VI) at pH 2.5-4.5 while W(VI) was extracted at pH 0.5-1.5. The extracted Mo(VI) was stripped back using 0.1M NaOH, while W(VI) was stripped back using 1.0 M (NH4)2CO3. The stoichiometry of the extracted species of Mo(VI) and W(VI) was determined on the basis of slope analysis method. Based on the results sequential methods of separation of both the metals were developed.
Surface Analysis and Roughness Parameters of Copper Metallic
Authors: Omar Halo Dalshad
Published: December 2022

The level of copper (Cu) distribution in the hard alloy depends little on powder material hardness although the other mechanical properties of the materials and the crystal structure of copper is face centered cubic (FCC). A discussion about simple and low cost preparation of copper powder by (Mini Mill 2 Panalytical) and preparation of the sample was rotating at 5 min and in the case of grinding of samples at high speed 300 rpm. The surface morphology of copper metallic powder was determined with Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) (Model: NTMDT Solver Nano.). The characterization of surface topographyand surface measurement determines surface topography and surface measurement copper includes roughness parameter. X-ray fluorescence analysis is a powerful analytical tool for the determination of almost all the elements present in a sample. The spectra obtained were analyzed using a X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (Model: Rigaku-NEX CG). Each element emits a unique spectrum of X-rays characteristic of that element. From the spectra obtained, there was the element to be present in the sample was copper (Cu).
Kinetics of Flexibly Fixed Operating Element of a Rotating Device
Authors: Pluta Zdzisław , Hryniewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

The work covers the adequate kinetics of the flexibly fixed working element of a rotating device. First the literature background of the problem has been presented, turning the attention on such systems where the phenomenon of centrifugal displacement of a body due to the rotating of the system occurs. Then the general characteristics of the complex motion of working element has been described. The core of the work is the description of the variable component motions, with the starting point of the description being the source differential equation, presenting this type of dependence of the path length on time. The accelerated angular motion and retarded radial motion have been separated, describing these component motions as the function of time. Based on these detailed descriptions, the trajectory equation of working element, the derivatives and further kinetic magnitudes, have been derived. In the conclusion, the cognitive and practical qualities of the presented solutions of the title problem, have been accented.
Simulation of Opposed-Jets Configuration H2/Air, CH4/Air
Authors: Choual Kheireddine , Benzeguir Redouane
Published: December 2022

The opposed-jets configuration is very used in industrial systems. The actual practical applications use clean fuels which in stead of classical hydrocarbons. The present work is a numerical simulation of opposed diffusion jets using FLUENT6.3.26. We have compared different turbulence models and combustion models and mechanisms to find which gives the best predictions for this type of flows. We have used methane and hydrogen fuels because they are considered as clean fuels. The comparison between k-ε, k-omega and RSM turbulent models shows that both of k-ε and RSM gives good results. The use of k-ε is more practical because it requires less long time to be implied. The comparison between the combustion models shows that EDC gives more realistic results than eddy dissipation and Finite rate models. In addition, the detailed chemical mechanisms are more adequate to this model. For both methane and hydrogen flames, the detailed mechanisms gives good results and temperatures.
Impact of Changing Anodization Current Density on Structural and Morphological Properties of PSi Layer
Authors: Abdulridha Wasnaa Mohammed , Kadhim Raheem G. , Ismail Raid A.
Published: December 2022

In this paper, porous silicon layer prepared by electrochemical etching process of (100) p-type silicon wafer at different current densities (9, 11, 14 and 16)mA/cm² for 15min etching time. The structural and morphological properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL). XRD investigation exhibited that all the layers were monocrystalline structure with preferred orientation (211). AFM investigation indicates that PSi layer sponge like structure, and average diameter of pore increased with increasing current density, our result showed a PSi structure with porosity of (34.19-75.36%). From FTIR analysis, it has been show that the Si dangling bonds of the prepared PSi layer have large amount of Hydrogen to form (Si-H) bond. Increasing the current density from (9-16mA/cm²)leads to shift the photoluminescence peak position from (1.63-1.66eV).
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of some Novel 3-(4-Bromobenzyl)-5-(Thiophen-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-Triazol Derivatives
Authors: Kaneria Ankur A. , Thumar Nilesh M. , Ladva Kartik D. , Vadodaria Milan S.
Published: December 2022

A convenient and promising synthesis of 4-(alkyl/aryl)- 3-(4-bromobenzyl)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol was carried out by the reaction of 2-(4-bromobenzyl)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole with different aliphatic/aromatic primary amine without any solvent. The newly synthesized compound were characterized by 1H NMR, IR and Mass spectroscopy and also screened for their antimicrobial activity against various strains of bacteria and fungi.
Theoretical Ultrasonic Velocities in Binary Liquid Mixture Containing Aniline and Anisole at Different Temperatures – A Comparative Study
Authors: Sreedevi Y. , Srinivasu Ch. , Fakruddin Sk. , Narendra K. , Venkateswara Rao B.R. , Nirmal Rajeev Y.
Published: December 2022

Ultrasonic velocity is measured experimentally at 3MHz frequency in the binary liquid mixture containing aniline and anisole at different temperatures over the entire composition range and theoretical values of ultrasonic velocity have been evaluated by using Nomoto’s relation, Impedance relation, Van Dael ideal mixture relation. These theoretical values are compared with the experimental values. A good agreement has been found between experimental and theoretical ultrasonic velocities.
Influence of Folding Wastes on Natural Environment in Miedzyzdroje
Authors: Daniszewski Piotr , Draszawka-Bołzan Beata
Published: December 2022

Waste is inseparable element of human activity. In Poland, the system of it’s management is typically extensive because waste is almost entirely deposited in landfills. Landfilling is the oldest method of waste management, but it is also the least desirable method of its neutralization. During the operation of communal waste landfilling, the waste affects particular elements of environment such as air, soil, water, plants and animals. The aim of conducted researches was to assess the waste disposal sites, which were differentiated by the composition of deposited wastes, on the environment of ground waters and soils properties. They covered the measurements of pH, electrolytic conductivity, total organic carbon (TOC), cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CAH) as well as the determination of heavy metals (Hg).
Potential Role of the Entanglement Velocity of 1023 m·s-1 to Accommodate Recent Measurements of Large Scale Structures of the Universe
Authors: Persinger Michael A. , Koren Stanley A.
Published: December 2022

The aggregate of m7·s-1 from the product of the four geometric terms for increasing dimensions of a closed path (a circle) when set equal to the optimal combinations of the gravitational constant G and the universe’s mass, length and time results in a diffusivity term of 1023 m·s-1. Conversion of the total energy of the universe to volts per meter and Tesla results in a velocity of the same order of magnitude. The required f6 multiplication to balance the terms solves optimally for a frequency that when divided by the modified Planck’s value is the equivalent upper limit of the rest mass of a photon. Several experimental times associated with orbital distances for inertial frames are consistent with this velocity. Calculations indicate that during the final epoch the velocity from the energy derived from universal potential difference over length and magnetic fields will require only a unit frequency adjustment that corresponds to the energy equivalent of one orbit of a Bohr electron. We suggest that one intrinsic process by which large scale structures (Gigaparsec) are organized could involve this “entanglement velocity”. It would be correlated with the transformation of “virtual” or subthreshold values of the upper rest mass of photons to their energetic manifestation as the universe emerges from dark energy or matter that is yet to appear.
The Precession of the Perihelion of Mercury Explained by Celestial Mechanics of Laplace
Authors: dos Santos Godoi Valdir Monteiro
Published: December 2022

We calculate in this article an exact theoretical value obtained classically for the secular precession of the perihelion of Mercury, followed by the theory of Stockwell, based on planetary theory of Laplace, your Mécanique Céleste: found 5600’’.84 of arc per century for the angular velocity of the longitude of the perihelion of Mercury, dω/dt, adding to the precession of the equinoxes of the Earth relative to the beginning of the year 1850, as calculated by Stockwell.
Kinetics, Dynamics and Energy of Solid on the Example of a Tool Fixed Flexibly: Part 1 – Kinetics
Authors: Pluta Zdzisław , Hryniewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

This work investigates kinetics, dynamics and energy of solid on the example of a tool fixed flexibly under the process of cutting. The original approach to the tool kinetics was considered by the Authors earlier. This work consists with three parts referred to the kinetics, dynamics, and energy of solid. Present work is concerned on the development of kinetics problems of a solid represented by a tool fixed flexibly and is a continuation of the problem. Part 1 covers the definition and characteristics of the machining space-time and is referred generally to the kinetics. Then the kinetic and dynamic magnitudes characterizing tool in the space-time are described. The set of these magnitudes has been extended by introducing the properly understood impulse and time-effect. Part 2 of the work is to consider the dynamics of tool in the machining space-time. In Part 3, types of works in the machining space-time and energy of the tool fixed flexibly will be considered; the focus is to be put on an essential difference between work and energy.
Influence of Deposition Temperature on Nanocrystalline CdS Thin Films: Application in Solar Cells as Antireflection Coatings
Authors: Patil S.M. , Pawar P.H.
Published: December 2022

Nanocrystalline CdS thin films were successfully prepared using simple chemical bath deposition technique. Cadmium sulphate, thiourea and deionised water were used as starting precursor solution. The prepared thin films were characterized using X-ray diffractogram (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental composition using energy dispersive spectrophotometer (EDAX) and optical band gap (UV-Spectroscopy).X-ray diffractogram reveals that present of cubic and hexagonal phase. The thickness, crystallite size and grain size were observed to be increase with increase operating temperature of bath while optical band gap energy slightly decreases. Effect of deposition temperature on physical, structural, microstructural, electrical and optical properties of these films was studied and presented in the present investigation. Prepared thin films shows good response towards photoconducting in presence and absent of light
Design Methods of Lightning Protection Systems by Keeping Aesthetic View of Architecturally Complex Structures
Authors: Edirisinghe Mahesh , Rupasinghe Dammith , Jinadasa C. Prasad
Published: December 2022

The primary focus of this study is to understand design methods of appropriate lightning protection systems (LPS) for architecturally complex structures without any harmful affect to its aesthetic view. Two sites selected for this study consisting of architecturally complex structures named ‘Kuruluduwa Suspension Foot Bridge’ located in Matara, Sri Lanka (6.05No/80.20Eo) and ‘National Planetarium Building’ located in Colombo, Sri Lanka (6.95No/79.85Eo). Average lightning flash density for these two locations were 2.5 flyr-1km-2 and 2.3 flyr-1km-2 respectively. Different design methods were used to identify the most suitable LPS, based on the area of protection afforded by each one. After analyzing those two sites, it was able to introduce proper LPS for both sites by keeping architectural design as it is with no change for its aesthetic view. This study shows possibility of achieving this challenging task even for already constructed structures with present LPS standards successfully. When designing the architectural part of the structure, the architect should concern both on the visual appearance and the LPS. Creating a miniature model of the structure would be another suggestion which could be used to find the actual visual impact of the design and as well as to validate the protection system.
On the Importance of the Influence of both Velocity and Aspect Ratios on the Occurrence of Bifurcation Phenomena within a Two-Sided Lid-Driven Enclosure
Authors: Hammami Fayçal , Ben Cheikh Nader , Ben Beya Brahim
Published: December 2022

This paper deals with the numerical study of bifurcations in a two-sided lid driven cavity flow. The flow is generated by moving the upper wall to the right while moving the left wall downwards. Numerical simulations are performed by solving the unsteady two dimensional Navier-Stokes equations using the finite volume method and multigrid acceleration. In this problem, the ratio of the height to the width of the cavity are ranged from H/L = 0.25 to 1.5. The code for this cavity is presented using rectangular cavity with the grids 144 × 36, 144 × 72, 144 × 104, 144 × 136, 144 × 176 and 144 × 216. Numerous comparisons with the results available in the literature are given. Very good agreements are found between current numerical results and published numerical results. Various velocity ratios ranged in 0.01≤ α ≤ 0.99 at a fixed aspect ratios (A = 0.5, 0.75, 1.25 and 1.5) were considered. It is observed that the transition to the unsteady regime follows the classical scheme of a Hopf bifurcation. The stability analysis depending on the aspect ratio, velocity ratios α and the Reynolds number when transition phenomenon occurs is considered in this paper.
Equilibrium, Thermodynamic and Mechanism Studies of Malachite Green Adsorption on Used Black Tea Leaves from Acidic Solution
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Abul , Hossain Md. Lokman , Hassan Tanim Al
Published: December 2022

This study reports the equilibrium adsorption mechanism and thermodynamics for the removal of Malachite Green (MG) from acidic solution using Used Black Tea Leaves (UBTL) as a low cost adsorbent. The effect of initial dye concentration, processing temperature and the presence of electrolytes on the adsorption from acidic solutions were investigated in batch process. Adsorption process was attained to the equilibrium at about 24 hours. Adsorption isotherms of MG on UBTL for different temperatures were constructed at pH 2.0 and the equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using different model equations such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R), Harkin-Jura, Halsey, Elovich-Larionov and Flory-Huggens isotherms. The experimental results were reasonably correlated by Langmuir, Flory-Huggins and D-R models than other isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm), intensity of adsorption (b) and separation factor (Rb) were calculated from Langmuir plot and activation energy of adsorption (Ead) was determined from D-R isotherm. At pH 2.0, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of UBTL to MG is 110 mg∙g-1 at 30°C, which was increased with increasing temperature suggested endothermic nature of adsorption. Thermodynamics parameters: ΔGads, ΔHads and ΔSads were calculated from Langmuir constant (b). The positive values of enthalpy and free energy, and negative value of entropy suggested that the adsorption is less spontaneous and surface migration or fragmentation of MG molecules on UBTL surface might be occur. Again, the low value of activation energy of adsorption (Ead = 0.3 kJ∙mol-1 <8 kJ∙mol-1) suggested that the adsorption is controlled by physical in nature. A possible mechanism involvement of protonation is proposed from the effect of electrolytes during the adsorption of MG on UBTL at pH 2.0.
Decoded Codes of Comet Halley
Authors: Kurić Lutvo
Published: December 2022

The subject of the research we are discussing in this text is the cyber-information access to the research of the harmonic dynamics of comet Halley. Cosmic mechanics has been always a perfect example of the regular, deterministic, motion which allows a prediction to a fairly high accuracy. The analysis of these data allowed us to conclude that the motion of Halley's comet is harmonious.
Comparative Study of Basic Properties of Mud Prepared with Nigerian Local Clay and Mud Prepared with Foreign Clay: A Case Study of Abbi Clay Deposit
Authors: Wilfred Okologume C. , Akinade Akinwumi E.
Published: December 2022

This research study evaluates the performance of a local clay sample for drilling operations in Nigeria. The rheological and the thixotropic properties as well as other parameters of the Local clay mud was seen to have improved, but however, when beneficiated with chemical additives, there was an increase in the overall parameters of the Local mud samples, making it ideal for any industrial application as its parameters met with the stipulated standard specifications of API, OCDA. The rheological formulation of the locally sourced bentonite clay sample in substitute for the imported foreign bentonite clay was carried out by the comparative analysis of the parameters of the local mud with the stipulated API standard values to ascertain the level of compliance in drilling operation. The local mud PH values responded positively on beneficiation with 1.0g of potash, the modification raised the mud PH value to fall within the standard range of 9.5 to 12.5. The viscosity of the local mud was seen to be slightly below the standard requirement of 30cp, but appreciated favorably to the standard requirement when beneficiated with 1.0g of drispac. It was obvious that the prepared local mud sample parameters such as the sand percentage composition, power law index, density, marsh funnel viscosity, etc. met the minimum required specifications, while other few parameters such as the rheological properties, and pH, needed some additive treatment for favorable comparison with the foreign clay mud properties. Therefore, the utilization of this clays for any industrial application will pose no harm to surface and subsurface facilities and will in turn represent a value added to the Nigeria’s economy by the total prevention of the importation of high quality activated foreign bentonite clay.
Solvent-Free Synthesis and Assessment of Substituent Effects from IR & NMR Spectra of some Substituted Benzylidene-5-Ethyl-1,3,4-Thiadiazole-2-Amines
Authors: Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy
Published: December 2022

A series containing ten titled compounds were synthesized by SiO2:H3PO4 catalyzed solvent-free condensation of substituted benzaldehydes and 2-amino-5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole under microwave irradiation. The yields of prepared amines are more than 90%. The synthesized amines were characterized by their physical constants and spectroscopic data reported in literature earlier for known compounds. The assigned spectral group frequencies such as infrared νC=N, C-S-C, N-N (cm-1) and NMR chemical shifts (δ, ppm) of CH, C=N have been correlated with Hammett substituent constants, F and R parameters using single and multi-linear regression analysis. From the results of statistical analyses, the effects of substituent on the above spectral data have been discussed.
Study the Effect of Diffusion Heat Treatments for Nickel Electroplating on the Surface Hardness of 7075 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: El Dahiye Fouad , Makki Almohanad , Alnefawy Mohamad Yehea
Published: December 2022

In this research a surface hardening process by Ni coating and subsequent diffusion heat treatments was studied at 7075 Aluminum alloy. Nickel coatings with different thickness were obtained by change the coating time and current density. Heat treatments at 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C for times (6, 12, 24) hours were performed in order to obtain surface hardening required of the aluminum alloy by diffusion of nickel into the substrate. The effect of temperature and diffusion time on surface hardness of Al 7075 alloy was studied. Surface hardness about 800 [HV] were achieved after heat treatment at 500 °C for 24 hour by diffusion of Ni in the substrate and cause of formation of Al3Ni2 intermetallic phase, as x-ray diffraction tests of samples showed. While is about 670 [HV] after heat treatment at 550 °C for 24 hour because of diffusion of aluminum toward the surface of sample, as x-ray diffraction tests of samples showed.
Aryl Chalcones as Efficient Precursors for Deriving Oxazine: Solvent-Free Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of some Oxazine-2-amines
Authors: Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy , Sundararajan R. , Arulkumaran R.
Published: December 2022

A series of some oxazine derivatives has been synthesised by fly-ash:H2SO4 catalyzed solvent-free cyclization of aryl chalcones and urea under microwave irradiation. The yields of the oxazines were more than 85%. The synthesised oxazines were characterized by their physical constants, analytical and spectroscopic data. The antimicrobial activities of these oxazines have been studied using Bauer-Kirby method.
Antibacterial Activities of Some Transition Metal Schiff Base Complexes
Authors: Islam M.N. , Shahriar S.M.S. , Islam M.K. , Jesmin M. , Ali M.M. , Khanam J.A.
Published: December 2022

A new series of four transition metal complexes of a Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde and glycine, viz. [N-salicylidene glycinato diaqua cobalt (II) dimer] (SGCo)2, [N-salicylideneglycinato-di-aqua-nickel(ll)dimer] (SGN)2, [N-salicylideneglycinato-aqua-copper(II)] (SGC) and [N-salicylidene glycinato diaqua zinc(II) dimer] (SGZ)2 have been synthesized and characterized through a rapid, simple, and efficient methodology in excellent yield. These compounds were screened for In Vitro antibacterial activities against six pathogenic bacteria, such as Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli, Bacilus subtilis, Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas arioginosa. The antibacterial activity was determined by the disc diffusion method using DMSO as solvent. The results indicate that (SGC) compound exhibit a significant antibacterial activity, depending on the bacterial strain and (SGCo)2, (SGN)2 and (SGZ)2 compounds show a moderate sensitivity even with higher doses. All these compounds were found to possess cytotoxic effect.
Improving a Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Apparatus Using Neodymium Magnets
Authors: Yano Kaori , Hattori Toshiaki
Published: December 2022

The signal-to-noise ratio obtained from terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is significantly affected by the low available power of terahertz waves. We constructed a terahertz-wave source with emission power enhanced by a magnetic field. The emitter is composed of an InAs wafer and two neodymium magnets. The emitter was irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses. The data quality of terahertz spectroscopic measurements was evaluated, and reduction of error in the data obtained due to the terahertz power enhancement was observed.
Study of the Effects of Lateral Substitution (Bromo) on Mesomorphic Behaviours of Chalconyl Ester Derivatives
Authors: Solanki Ravindra , Patel R.B.
Published: December 2022

Novel homologous series: RO-C6H4-COO-C6H3-Br-CO-CH=CH-C6H4-OC18H3(n) (ortho bromo to –COO-) is synthesized and studied with a view to understand and establish the relation between mesomorphic properties and the molecular structure with reference to lateral substitution of bromine (-Br) at middle phenyl ring. Chalconyl homologous series consists of thirteen between (C1to C18) homologues. Nematogenic mesomorphism commences from C5homologue and continue up to C18homologue in enantiotropic manner. Transition and melting points were determined by an optical polarizing microscopy (POM) equipped with a heating stage. Textures of nematic phase are threaded or schlieren. Transition curve Cr-N/I behaved in normal manner. N-I transition curve exhibited odd-even effect up to C8homologue. It (N-I) rises and fall with negligible deviations from its normal descending tendency which appears in case of homologues C10to C18. Thermal stability for nematic is 142.89 °C and the mesophase lengths vary minimum 8.0 °C to maximum 26.0 °C at the C7and C8homologue respectively. Liquid Crystal properties of present series are evaluated and compared with structurally analogous series and relative group efficiency order derived. Thus ,present series is predominantly nematogenic with absence of Smectic property. Analytical and spectral data supported moleculars of homologues.
Effect of Cu-Doping on Urbach Energy and Dispersion Parameters of Cu:NiO Film Deposited by CSP
Authors: Dawood Mohammed Odda
Published: December 2022

This work presents the effect of Cu-doping on Urbach energy and dispersion parameters of Cu:NiO thin film prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. UV-Visible spectrophotometer in the range 380-900 nm used to determine the absorbance spectra for various Cu-doping of Cu:NiO thin film. The absorbance and optical conductivity increased with increasing Cu-doping in the prepared films. Dispersion parameters that studied are decreased with increasing Cu-doping while Urbach energy increased.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Mean of Measuring Film Thickness of Calcium Sulfate Precipitate on an XC70 Carbon Steel
Authors: Lanez Touhami , Chaabia Nacer , Belaid Amina
Published: December 2022

In this paper we present the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement as a tool to measure the thickness of calcium sulphate film formed on an XC70 carbon steel. The solution used is a mixture of sodium sulphate and calcium chloride solution at different concentrations. The film thickness of calcium sulphate is estimated, after an immersion time of 4 days. The results indicate reciprocal relationship between measured capacitance and thickness of calcium sulphate film
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of some Novel Pyrazolo[1,5-a]Pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Thumar Nilesh M. , Kaneria Ankur A. , Vadodaria Milan , Ladva Kartik
Published: December 2022

A convenient synthesis of substituted Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine was carried out by the reaction of different ketene dithioacetals with different aromatic amine in isopropanol in the presence of potassium carbonate. The newly synthesized compound were characterized by 1H NMR, IR, Mass and screened for their antimicrobial activity against various strains of bacteria and fungi. From the synthesized different NCEs, compounds 8a, 8d and 8e are broad spectrum drug which can inhibit the growth of gram positive, gram negative bacteria and fungi.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis of some Novel Sulphonamide Bearing Pyrazolone Core Structure
Authors: Namera Dipti L. , Kapadiya Khushal M. , Chhatrola Mitesh M. , Bhoya Umed C.
Published: December 2022

We have described some novel Sulphonamide bearing pyrazoline derivatives synthesized by conventional method as well as microwave assisted method of synthesis. The reaction of 4-(3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1-H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulphonamide with substituted benzaldehyde in the presence of Methanol as solvent and piperidine as catalyst, generated a series of substituted pyrazolone derivatives 4a-m. The structures of all synthesized compounds are well characterized by Mass spectroscopy, FT-IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. After obtaining experimental data regarding the yield and the time taken for the synthesis by both the approaches, convenient and microwave assisted method, it was ascertained that the microwave assisted method is more suitable for synthesis of pyrazolone derivatives 4a-m.
Manufacturing FX 63-137 Aerofoil by Using CNC Machine and Determine Aerodynamic Characteristic for this Aerofoil
Authors: Saad Magedi Moh. M. , binti Ismail Norzelawati
Published: December 2022

The aim of this paper is to manufacturing and testing FX 63-137 aerofoil at different speed by using experimental wind tunnel , and select best angel of attack. This paper uses an approach in which the process is divided into many steps. Firstly, manufacturing aerofoil by using CNC Machine. Secondly, testing the aerofoil by using Wind Tunnel, Finally display and compare results with another reference results with to evaluate the solutions are studied and the up-scaling rule which is a way to get some general insight for this aerofoil.
Optical Model Potential Using CINDA Library for Neutron Induced Cross Section Reactions for Spherical Uranium-235,238 Isotopes
Authors: Al-Alawy Iman Tarik , Ali Ronak Ikram
Published: December 2022

The calculation are based mainly on the nuclear optical model potential and relevant parameters are collected and selected from References Input Parameter Library (RIPL) which is being developed under the international project coordinated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The analyzing of a complete energy range has done starting from threshold energy for each reaction. The cross sections are reproduced in fine steps of incident neutron energy with 0.01MeV intervals with their corresponding errors. The recommended cross sections for available experimental data taken from CINDA library have been calculated for all the considered neutron induced reactions for spherical U-235 and U-238 isotopes. The calculated results are analyzed and compared with the experimental data. The optimized optical potential model parameters give a very good agreement with the experimental data over the energy range 0.001-20MeV for neutron induced cross section reactions (n,f), (n,tot), (n,el), (n,inl), (n,2n), (n,3n), and (n,γ) for spherical U-235 and U-238 target elements.
Study of the Effect of Chalconyl Central Bridge on Mesomorphism
Authors: Rakhasia P.K. , Bhola G.N. , Bhoya Umed C.
Published: December 2022

A novel homologous series of chalconyl ester derivatives of thermotropic type of liquid crystals (LC) variety have been synthesized with its general molecular formula RO-C6H4-CH=CH-COO-C6H4-CO-CH=CH-C6H4-N(CH3)2 (Para). Present investigation is planned with a view to understand and establish the relation between molecular structure and the mesomorphic behaviorur of the constituent homologue derivatives as well as to avail novel mesomorphic (LC) substances to the researcher working on multidisciplinary thermotropic LC material with different aims, objects and views at different angles. Novel homologous series consists of twelve homologues C1 to C5 homologues are nonliquid crystals (NLC) and the rest of the C6 to C16 are monotropically nematogenic liquid crystals. Transition temperatures and texture of the LC and NLC were determined by an optical polarizing microscopy equipped with heating stage (POM). Textures of nematic phase are threaded or schlieren. Analytical and spectral data confirms the molecular structures of homologues. Thermal stability for monotropy is very low of the magnitudes of few second and of negligible degree of temperature difference. Thermal properties of present novel series are compared with of structurally similar series, data interpreted in terms of molecular rigidity and flexibility to derive group efficiency order.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of N’-Benzylidene-5-Bromothiophene-2-Carbohydrazide Derivatives
Authors: Makwana Hitesh , Naliapara Yogesh T.
Published: December 2022

Some new N’-benzylidene-5-bromothiophene-2-carbohydrazide derivatives possessing thiophene nucleus were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectral analysis. All synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity using cup plate method. All the compounds showed moderate to good antimicrobial activity and anti fungal activity
Comparative Study on Cytotoxicity Activity of N-α-Acylarginine Ethyl Ester
Authors: Mhatre Jyoti D. , Singare Pravin U.
Published: December 2022

Amino-acid derived compounds, for example N-α-lauroylarginine ethyl ester (LAE), N-α-myristoylarginine ethyl ester (MAE) and a 1:1 mixture of N-α-myristoylarginine ethyl ester with monolaurin (MAE + MLN) are examined for their cytotoxicity towards L929-Mouse connective tissue to explore their use as microbicidal agent, in comparison to sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as an anionic control detergent. MTT (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cytotoxicity assay method was used to determine IC50 value. Cytotoxicity of MAE is found to be more toxic as compared to LAE, having IC50 value 0.052 mg/ml against 0.68 mg/ml of LAE. But MAE when mixed with monolaurin (1:1), showed less toxicity with IC50 0.89 mg/ml. These results suggest that a combination of MAE and Monolaurin can be a potential candidate for studying its microbicidal properties.
Possibility of Stars Energy Mechanism on the Earth
Authors: Sadatian Seyed Davood
Published: December 2022

Since long time ago, human’s ambition has been obtaining an energy source which can be used for a long time, additionally it does not produce dangerous wastes. Todays in third millennium AD, it gradually seems to realize this unattainable ambition. Now human is getting ready for realizing his ancestors’ dreams by making the first star stracture of energy. A pure and cheap fuel, named Hydrogen and rich production energy and a pure waste, named Helium. However, in this essay we explain some possibility of fusion method from stars on the earth.
Inhibition of Brass Corrosion in Acid Medium Using Thiazoles
Authors: Taha Kamal K. , Mohamed Musa E. , Khalil S.A. , Talab S.A.
Published: December 2022

Brass as an alloy composed mainly of copper is great industrial uses such as heat exchangers and similar other facility due to its good thermal properties. Due to the presence of the considerable ratio of zinc the alloy suffers from zinc dissolution or dezincification. Dezincification rate increases with the increase in the ratio of zinc in the alloy. In this study benzothiazole (BTH) and its substituent’s 2-methylbenzothiazole (MeBTH), 2-aminobenzothiazole (ABTH), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBTH) and 2-phenylbenzothiazole (PhBTH) have been used as corrosion inhibitors for α-brass in stirred 0.1 M HClO4. The methods of investigation include weight loss, Tafel and linear polarizations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The order of inhibition efficiency (%E) was calculated and the values obtained has indicated the sequence of inhibition efficiency was found to be BTH < MeBTH < ABTH < PhBTH < MBTH. The calculated values of thermodynamic parameters support this order. The inhibitors were found to suppress the corrosion rate by the formation of films which were identified by IR, SEM and EDAX techniques.
pH Induced Fabrication of Kaolinite-Chitosan Biocomposite
Authors: Dey Shaikat Chandra , Al-Amin Mohammad , Rashid Taslim Ur , Ashaduzzaman Md , Md Shamsuddin Sayed
Published: December 2022

Functionalization of indigenous materials improves inherent physicochemical properties that depend mainly on their fabrication techniques. Here, pH triggered biocomposites using different proportions of kaolinite and chitosan were fabricated. It was revealed that the biocomposites were formed in 1M acetic acid and stabilized after dropwise addition of the mixture of kaolinite and chitosan solution in 3M NaOH. Binding of kaolinite and chitosan at their interface through functional groups was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The average particle size of the biocomposite in aqueous system having 80% w/w kaolinite and 20% w/w chitosan was determined to be 400.8 nm. Crystallinity disappearance of chitosan in the biocomposite, as shown in x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum, supports the wrapping of kaolinite with soft and flexible chitosan. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed the thermal stability of the biocomposites and it was found that the biocomposite fabricated from 50% w/w kaolinite and 50% w/w chitosan was stabled up to 318°C. Morphological studies were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where a progressive tendency towards granular morphology was evidenced with increase in kaolinite content. These functionalized materials in bionanocomposite structure would play a vital role in advanced research in analytical and environmental science.
Digital Table of Solar System
Authors: Kurić Lutvo
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses cyberinformation studies of the Solar System, in particular the identification of scientific terminology that could describe this phenomenon, that is, the study of Solar System, as well as the relationship between the astronomical language of Solar System and theoretical aspect of this system and cybernetics. The result of this research show that there is a matrix code for Solar System. It also shows that the coding system within the planetary language gives detailed information, not only on the planetary “record“, but also on its structure, configuration and its various shapes. The issue of the existence of a planetary code and coding of the individual structural planets of this system are discussed. Is the planetary information characterized only by physical, or also by cyberinformation principles The potential effects of physical and Orbital characteristics, as well as cybernetic and information principles, on the atronomical basis of Solar System are also investigated. This paper discusses new methods for developing astronomy technologies, in particular more advanced digital technology based on programming, cybernetics, and informational laws and systems, and how this new technology could be useful in astronomy, bioinformatics and other natural sciences.
An Efficient One Pot Synthesis of some New 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives Using Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Prajapati Devang R. , Senjani Hardik K. , Naliapara Yogesh T.
Published: December 2022

Synthesize target molecules, multicomponent reaction of 4-(4-aminophenyl) morpholin-3-one with various pyrazole aldehydes and ethylacetoacetate or methylacetoacetate afforded various 1,4-dihydropyridines derivatives. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, Mass, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
The Second-Connectivity and Second-Sum-Connectivity Indices of Armchair Polyhex Nanotubes TUAC6[m,n]
Authors: Farahani Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2022

The m-connectivety and m-sum connectivity indices of G are defined as to be and where runs over all paths of length m in G and di is the degree of vertex νi. In this paper, we give explicit formulas for the second-connectivity and second-sum-connectivity indices of an infinite class of Armchair Polyhex Nanotubes TUAC6[m,n].
Investigation on a Broken Solar Burst Type II during High Activities in AR1613 on 13th November 2012
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M. , Monstein C. , Wan Zulkifli W.N.A. , Ibrahim M.B. , Arifin N.S. , Amran N.A.
Published: December 2022

The present article is an attempt to analyze the solar burst Type II observations based on solar flare and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) events. We choose an intriguing type II radio burst with a velocity of 1193 kms-1 that occurred on 2012 November 13 at 2:04:20 UT. In this case, the study of solar radio burst type III is of paramount importance because of the fact that it helps to gain an insight of generation mechanisms of solar flare and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) phenomena. Here, we have got a reasonably clear idea of the various forms under which the type III continuum emission may appear and potentially form a type II burst. However, in this case, the Type II solar burst only successfully forms a fundamental structure within the first few minute period, but broken suddenly before evolve a harmonic structure. This phenomenon is very interesting to be tackled and study. How the burst suddenly broken is still ongoing research seems the event is very rare and hard to be proved. There are a few questions that cause this unique situation which related to: (i) the intensity and duration of type III burst which also related to the classification of solar flare (ii) the probabilities CMEs to occur during that time and also the factor of the total amount of massive burst that exploded, Thus, we can conclude that the solar burst type III event still tells us an enigmatic characteristic from time to time due to the relationship of energetic particles and streams of particles with coronal magnetic fields and the pattern of Sun activity due to the 24th solar cycle. It might an interesting to study in detail the main factor that caused the Type II solar burst broken. Indirectly, it might because of the very intense of solar flares that make the percentage of energy of solar flare become more dominant rather than the acceleration of particles through the Coronal Mass Ejections. Thus, we realize that the potential energy during this event is higher than the kinetic energy of the particles.
Plant and Animal Production in Montenegro with Overview of the Food Industry
Authors: Rajović Goran , Bulatović Jelisavka
Published: December 2022

The subject of this paper is to consider the causes of the condition and systematization of the main problems of agricultural development in Montenegro. Bearing in mind the structure of agricultural production, available resources and achieved the level of productivity, we estimate that the change must take place in the direction of growth, yield stabilization and production structure changes in crop production and achieving greater representation of livestock in the value of agricultural production. The future development of the agrarian sector of Montenegro should be directed towards modernizing and changing the production structure towards market orientation and improve overall efficiency. Agriculture Montenegro in its very important role, should fulfill several strategic objectives: produce sufficient amounts of safe food that will be accepted by consumers at home and abroad, provide a higher level of self-sufficiency and improve the trade balance of the country, creating value that will provide income to farmers and the gross domestic product growth magnify the overall economy of the country and to keep population in the countryside and thus contribute to the protection and promotion of these areas.