bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis, Prognosticators, and Management of Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis: Multidisciplinary Consensus Statement and Evidence‐Based Review with Recommendations
Authors: Roland Lauren T. , Humphreys Ian M. , Le Christopher H. , Babik Jennifer M. , Bailey Christopher E. , Ediriwickrema Lilangi S. , Fung Monica , Lieberman Joshua A. , Magliocca Kelly R. , Nam Hannah H. , Teo Neville W. , Thomas Penelope C. , Winegar Blair A. , Birkenbeuel Jack L. , David Abel P. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Johnson Patricia G. , Martin Elaine C. , Nguyen Theodore V. , Patel Neil N. , Qureshi Hannan A. , Tay Kaijun , Vasudev Milind , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Hwang Peter H. , Jafari Aria , Russell Matthew S. , Turner Justin H. , Wise Sarah K. , Kuan Edward C.
Published: January 2023

Background

Acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS) is an aggressive disease that requires prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment given its rapid progression. However, there is currently no consensus on diagnosis, prognosis, and management strategies for AIFS, with multiple modalities routinely employed. The purpose of this multi‐institutional and multidisciplinary evidence‐based review with recommendations (EBRR) is to thoroughly review the literature on AIFS, summarize the existing evidence, and provide recommendations on the management of AIFS.

Methods

The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were systematically reviewed from inception through January 2022. Studies evaluating management for orbital, non‐sinonasal head and neck, and intracranial manifestations of AIFS were included. An iterative review process was utilized in accordance with EBRR guidelines. Levels of evidence and recommendations on management principles for AIFS were generated.

Results

A review and evaluation of published literature was performed on 12 topics surrounding AIFS (signs and symptoms, laboratory and microbiology diagnostics, endoscopy, imaging, pathology, surgery, medical therapy, management of extrasinus extension, reversing immunosuppression, and outcomes and survival). The aggregate quality of evidence was varied across reviewed domains.

Conclusion

Based on the currently available evidence, judicious utilization of a combination of history and physical examination, laboratory and histopathologic techniques, and endoscopy provide the cornerstone for accurate diagnosis of AIFS. In addition, AIFS is optimally managed by a multidisciplinary team via a combination of surgery (including resection whenever possible), antifungal therapy, and correcting sources of immunosuppression. Higher quality (i.e., prospective) studies are needed to better define the roles of each modality and determine diagnosis and treatment algorithms.
Photocatalytic Carboxylation of C−N Bonds in Cyclic Amines with CO2 by Consecutive Visible‐Light‐Induced Electron Transfer
Authors: Chen Lin , Qu Quan , Ran Chuan‐Kun , Wang Wei , Zhang Wei , He Yi , Liao Li‐Li , Ye Jian‐Heng , Yu Da‐Gang
Published: January 2023

Visible‐light photocatalytic carboxylation with CO2 is highly important. However, it still remains challenging for reluctant substrates with low reduction potentials. Herein, we report a novel photocatalytic carboxylation of C−N bonds in cyclic amines with CO2 via consecutive photo‐induced electron transfer (ConPET). It is also the first photocatalytic reductive ring‐opening reaction of azetidines, pyrrolidines and piperidines. This strategy is practical to transform a variety of easily available cyclic amines to valuable β‐, γ‐, δ‐ and ϵ‐amino acids in moderate‐to‐excellent yields. Moreover, the method also features mild and transition‐metal‐free conditions, high selectivity, good functional‐group tolerance, facile scalability and product derivations. Mechanistic studies indicate that the ConPET might be the key to generating highly reactive photocatalysts, which enable the reductive activation of cyclic amines to generate carbon radicals and carbanions as the key intermediates.
Isoindolium‐Based Allenes: Reactivity Studies and Applications in Fluorescence Temperature Sensing and Cysteine Bioconjugation
Authors: O Wa‐Yi , Cui Jian‐Fang , Yu Qiong , Kung Karen Ka‐Yan , Chung Sai‐Fung , Leung Yun‐Chung , Wong Man‐Kin
Published: January 2023

The reaction of a series of electron‐deficient isoindolium‐based allenes with sulfhydryl compounds has been studied, leading to the formation of isoindolium‐based vinyl sulfides. The vinyl sulfides generated could be readily converted into the corresponding indanones and amines upon heating at 30–70 °C with good yields up to 61 %. The thermal cleavage reaction of vinyl sulfides was further studied for developing temperature‐sensitive systems. Notably, a novel FRET‐based fluorescent temperature sensor was designed and synthesized for temperature sensing at 50 °C, giving a 6.5‐fold blue fluorescence enhancement. Moreover, chemoselective bioconjugation of cysteine‐containing peptides with the isoindolium‐based allenes for the construction of multifunctional peptide bioconjugates was investigated. Thermal cleavage of isoindoliums on the modified peptides at 35–70 °C gave indanone bioconjugates with up to >99 % conversion. These results indicated the biocompatibility of this novel temperature‐sensitive reaction.
A Switchable Near‐Infrared‐Absorbing Dye Based on Redox‐Bistable Benzitetraazaporphyrin
Authors: Yanagi Shunsuke , Matsumoto Akihisa , Toriumi Naoyuki , Tanaka Yusuke , Miyamoto Kazunori , Muranaka Atsuya , Uchiyama Masanobu
Published: January 2023

Activatable near‐infrared (NIR) dyes responsive to external stimuli are used in medical and other applications. Here, we describe the design and synthesis of bench‐stable 18π‐ and 20π‐electron benzitetraazaporphyrins (BzTAPs) possessing redox‐switchable NIR properties. X‐Ray, NMR, and UV/Visible‐NIR analyses revealed that 20π‐electron BzTAP 1 exhibits NIR absorption and antiaromaticity with a paratropic ring‐current, while 18π‐electron BzTAP 2 shows weakly aromatic character with NIR inertness. Notably, the NIR‐silent BzTAP 2 was readily converted to the NIR‐active BzTAP 1 in the presence of mild reducing agents such as amine. The intense NIR absorption band of BzTAP 1 is in sharp contrast to the very weak absorption bands of previously reported antiaromatic porphyrinoids. Molecular orbital analysis revealed that symmetry‐lowering perturbation of the 20π‐electron porphyrinoid skeleton enables the HOMO–LUMO transition of 1 to be electric‐dipole‐allowed. BzTAPs are expected to be useful for constructing activatable NIR probes working in reductive environments.
Preparation and surface modification of ultrahigh throughput tannic acid coblended polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes for hemodialysis
Authors: Zhang Zezhen , Feng Shuman , Wei Qianyu , Wu Lili
Published: January 2023

Low dialysis and blood incompatibility efficiency are key issues to be addressed for polymeric hemodialysis membranes. To improve the comprehensive performance of hemodialysis membranes, polyethersulfone (PES)/tannic acid (TA) coblended ultrafiltration membranes were prepared and modified with a heparin‐like functionalized TA coating. The coblended TA improved the pore structure of the PES ultrafiltration membrane. And it could also undergo π‐π conjugation with the heparin‐like functionalized TA in the modified solution, resulting in a greater abundance of modified groups loaded on the membrane surface and pores close to the surface. The modified coating further improved the membrane performance. The physicochemical properties, solute filtration, and blood compatibility properties of the membrane were tested. The effect of TA on the pore structure of the membrane and the presence of modified layers were demonstrated by morphological and chemical structure analyses. The final modified membrane had an ultrahigh water flux (1053 L/m2·h), improved dialysis performance (BSA retention >99%, Lysozyme clearance >30% and Urea clearance >90%), and excellent hemocompatibility (The hemolysis rate was 1.31%, and APTT, PT, and TT values were increased by 40.8%, 74.2%, and 85.9%, respectively). This study shows that TA has great potential for improving the pore structure of polymeric membranes.
Effect of surface treatment on flax fiber reinforced natural rubber green composite
Authors: Samant Lata , Goel Alka , Mathew Jessen , Jose Seiko , Thomas Sabu
Published: January 2023

The present work is an attempt to study the effect of different surface treatments of flax fiber on the mechanical properties of the natural fiber reinforced natural rubber (NR) composites. In this study, flax fiber was chopped to 1, 1.25, and 1.5 cm in length and mixed with NR in two roll mill. The composite of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% fiber loading was prepared from each fiber length. Tensile analysis showed that a 1.25 cm fiber length composite of volume 40% has higher tensile strength compared to others. Hence, this optimized the fiber length and loading has opted for further study. Flax fiber was treated with NaOH and laccase and reinforced into an NR matrix. Properties like tensile strength, hardness, relative density, water diffusion, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for surface treated and untreated natural fiber‐reinforced NR composites have been investigated and compared. The reduction in the hydrophilic characteristics of the NaOH and laccase treated fiber was evident from FTIR analysis and increase in the crystallinity index of the fiber depicted by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results. SEM analysis showed the enhanced interfacial interaction of treated flax fiber NR composite compared to untreated composite due to the removal of non‐cellulosic contents in fiber and an increase in the surface roughness after treatments. Further, an increase of 9% and 27.4% in tensile and tear strength was found in NaOH treated flax fiber reinforced NR composite.
High‐Performance Zinc‐Ion Battery Enabled by Tuning the Terminal Group and Chain Length of PEO‐based Oligomers
Authors: Yu Min , Zhao ShunShun , Xiao Ying , Zhang Ruixin , Liu Lili , Chen Shimou
Published: January 2023

Side reactions and dendrite growth issues originated from free water seriously hamper the application of zinc‐ion batteries (ZIB). The electrolyte strategy of using a co‐solvent system has been proven to effectively improve the performance of ZIB. However, lack of thorough understanding of the co‐solvent structure on the performance of electrolytes hinders the rational design of co‐solvent electrolytes. Here, by studying how the terminal group and chain length of polyethylene oxide (PEO) based oligomers affect the electrochemical performance of ZIB, we obtained the optimized PEO oligomer structure and the underlying mechanism. As a result, the designed co‐solvent electrolyte enables the Zn|| NH4V4O10full cell to gain a 98.5 % capacity retention over 9500 cycles at 10 A g−1. This work provides new insights into the inhibition of water‐related side reactions and further promote the development of electrolytes for ZIB and other metal batteries.
Satisfied teachers are good teachers: The association between teacher job satisfaction and instructional quality
Authors: Harrison Mark G. , King Ronnel B. , Wang Hui
Published: January 2023

Instructional quality is associated with better academic outcomes for students. This study aimed to investigate how teachers' job satisfaction was associated with clarity of instruction and cognitive activation as measures of instructional quality. In addition, we investigated whether this association between teachers' job satisfaction and instructional quality was mediated by teacher–student relationships. Drawing on the 2018 Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), we compared participants from both Eastern (N = 27,106; Japan, Taipei, Korea, Shanghai) and Western sociocultural contexts (N = 20,209; Canada, Australia, New Zealand, United States, United Kingdom). Multilevel structural equation modelling results indicated that teachers' job satisfaction was positively associated with instructional quality across Eastern and Western settings. The relationship between teachers' job satisfaction and instructional quality was partially mediated by better student–teacher relationships. There were some differences between the cultural settings in how job satisfaction correlated with clarity of instruction and cognitive activation. We suggest that these differences may be accounted for by cultural characteristics leading to different approaches to teaching. Our results suggest that teachers' job satisfaction and the quality of classroom‐level relationships may be important indicators of positive instructional outcomes. While schools focus on student outcomes, they should also address teachers' job satisfaction and prioritise the importance of relationships between teachers and students in classrooms.
DNA methylation biomarkers accurately detect esophageal cancer prior and post neoadjuvant chemoradiation
Authors: Macedo‐Silva Catarina , Constâncio Vera , Miranda‐Gonçalves Vera , Leite‐Silva Pedro , Salta Sofia , Lobo João , Guimarães Rita , Carvalho‐Maia Carina , Gigliano Davide , Farinha Mónica , Sousa Olga , Henrique Rui , Jerónimo Carmen
Published: January 2023

Background

Esophageal cancer (ECa) is associated with high mortality, mostly due to late diagnosis, precluding curativeintent surgery. Hence, neoadjuvant chemoradiation (ChRT) is recommended in most patients regardless of histological subtype. A proportion of these patients, however, achieve complete disease remission and might be spared of radical surgery. The lack of reliable, minimally invasive biomarkers able to detect post‐ChRT disease persistence is, nonetheless, a major drawback. We have previously shown that miRNA promotor methylation enables accurate cancer detection in tissues and liquid biopsies but has been seldom explored in ECa patients.

Aims

Herein, we sought to unveil and validate novel candidate biomarkers able to detect ECa prior and post ChRT.

Materials and Methods

Promoter methylation of miR129‐2, miR124‐3 and ZNF569 was assessed, using quantitative methylation‐specific PCR (qMSP), in tissue samples from normal esophagus, treatment‐naïve and post‐ChRT ECa, as well as in liquid biopsies from ECa patients.

Results

All genes disclosed significantly different promoter methylation levels between ECa and normal esophagus, accurately detecting post‐ChRT disease, especially for adenocarcinoma. Remarkably, miR129‐2me/ZNF569me methylation panel identified ECa in liquid samples with 53% sensitivity and 87% specificity.

Discussion

MiR129‐2me, miR124‐3me and ZNF569me accurately discriminate ECa, either pre‐ or post‐ChRT, from normal tissue, enabling ECa detection. Furthermore, circulalting methylation‐based biomarkers are promising minimally invasive tools to detect post‐ChRT residual ECa.

Conclusion

Overall, our results encourage the use of miRNA methylation biomarkers as accurate ECa detection tools as a novel approach for ChRT response monitoring.
Real time patient‐reported outcome measures in patients with cancer: Early experience within an integrated health system
Authors: Tam Samantha , Zatirka Theresa , Neslund‐Dudas Christine , Su Wan‐Ting , Cannella Cara E. , Grewal Jeewanjot S. , Mattour Ahmad H. , Tang Amy , Movsas Benjamin , Chang Steven S.
Published: January 2023

Background

While patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) have benefit in cancer clinical trials, real‐world applications are lacking. This study describes the method of implementation of a cancer enterprise‐wide PROMs platform.

Methods

After establishing a multispecialty stakeholder group within a large integrated health system, domain‐specific instruments were selected from the National Institutes of Health's Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) instruments (pain interference, fatigue, physical function, and depression) and were administered at varying frequencies throughout each patient's cancer journey. All cancer patients with an oncologic visit were eligible to complete the PROMs prior to the visit using a patient portal, or at the time of the visit using a tablet. PROMs were integrated into clinical workflow. Clinical partnerships were essential for successful implementation. Descriptive preliminary data were compared using multivariable logistic regression to determine the factors associated with method of PROMs completion.

Results

From September 16, 2020 to July 23, 2021, 23 of 38 clinical units (60.5%) implemented PROMs over 2392 encounters and 1666 patients. Approximately one third of patients (n = 629, 37.8%) used the patient portal. Black patients (aOR 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51–0.97) and patients residing in zip codes with higher percentage of unemployment (aOR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01–0.41) were among the least likely to complete PROMs using the patient portal.

Conclusions

Successful system‐wide implementation of PROMs among cancer patients requires engagement from multispecialty stakeholders and investment from clinical partners. Attention to the method of PROMs collection is required in order to reduce the potential for disparities, such as Black populations and those residing in areas with high levels of unemployment.
Clinical sequencing identifies potential actionable alterations in a high rate of urachal and primary bladder adenocarcinomas
Authors: Varadi Melinda , Nagy Nikolett , Reis Henning , Hadaschik Boris , Niedworok Christian , Modos Orsolya , Szendroi Attila , Ablat Jason , Black Peter C. , Keresztes David , Csizmarik Anita , Olah Csilla , Gaisa Nadine T. , Kiss Andras , Timar Jozsef , Toth Erika , Csernak Erzsebet , Gerstner Arpad , Mittal Vinay , Karkampouna Sofia , Kruithof de Julio Marianna , Gyorffy Balazs , Bedics Gabor , Rink Michael , Fisch Margit , Nyirady Peter , Szarvas Tibor
Published: January 2023

Objective

Administration of targeted therapies provides a promising treatment strategy for urachal adenocarcinoma (UrC) or primary bladder adenocarcinoma (PBAC); however, the selection of appropriate drugs remains difficult. Here, we aimed to establish a routine compatible methodological pipeline for the identification of the most important therapeutic targets and potentially effective drugs for UrC and PBAC.

Methods

Next‐generation sequencing, using a 161 cancer driver gene panel, was performed on 41 UrC and 13 PBAC samples. Clinically relevant alterations were filtered, and therapeutic interpretation was performed by in silico evaluation of drug‐gene interactions.

Results

After data processing, 45/54 samples passed the quality control. Sequencing analysis revealed 191 pathogenic mutations in 68 genes. The most frequent gain‐of‐function mutations in UrC were found in KRAS (33%), and MYC (15%), while in PBAC KRAS (25%), MYC (25%), FLT3 (17%) and TERT (17%) were recurrently affected. The most frequently affected pathways were the cell cycle regulation, and the DNA damage control pathway. Actionable mutations with at least one available approved drug were identified in 31/33 (94%) UrC and 8/12 (67%) PBAC patients.

Conclusions

In this study, we developed a data‐processing pipeline for the detection and therapeutic interpretation of genetic alterations in two rare cancers. Our analyses revealed actionable mutations in a high rate of cases, suggesting that this approach is a potentially feasible strategy for both UrC and PBAC treatments.
Furo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines as Mackinazolinone/Isaindigotone Analogs: Synthesis, Modification, Antitumor Activity, and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Song Buer , Nie Lifei , Bozorov Khurshed , Niu Chao , Kuryazov Rustamkhon , Akber Aisa Haji , Zhao Jiangyu
Published: January 2023

The chemical transformation of the tricyclic furo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines was performed under isosteric and scaffold‐hopping strategies focusing on the synthesis of its arylidene and imine‐containing derivatives. Naturally‐occurring alkaloids mackinazolinone and isaindigotone were as templates of target heterocycles. Synthesized compounds evaluated for their antitumor activity on human cancer cervical HeLa, breast MCF‐7, and colon HT‐29 cell lines. Four compounds: 8c, 8e, 10b, and 10c demonstrated potency against HeLa and HT‐29 cell lines, and IC50 values were between 7.37–13.72 μM, respectively. The molecular docking results showed that compounds 8c and 10b had good binding and high matching with the target EGFR protein.
Negative effects of rivaroxaban observed in a patient with multiple common risks triggered by a bicycle accident
Authors: Abe Kurumi , Momo Kenji , Oto Yuji , Kida Masaki , Iwakiri Takuma , Tanaka Katsumi , Sasaki Tadanori
Published: January 2023

The negative effects of anticoagulants are well‐known in patients with renal impairment, drug–drug interaction, lower physical conditions, and multiple comorbidities. We highlight that even in patients with controllable multiple risks for rivaroxaban use, add‐on inevitable risks will lead to negative effects greater than those expected.
Wound myiasis resulting from a neglected insect bite wound
Authors: Suryabanshi Anil , Timilsina Binita , Khadka Namrata
Published: January 2023

Infestation of maggots in humans is uncommon because humans are an accidental host for many dipterous larval species. We present a case of wound myiasis in a homeless person that resulted from a neglected minor insect bite wound.
Treatment of primary eosinophilic colitis using immunoglobulin/histamine complex
Authors: Kim Hyuk Soon , Noh Geunwoong
Published: January 2023

Primary eosinophilic colitis (PEC) is a primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder, and immunoglobulin/histamine complex (IHC) may be an effective therapeutic for PEC. IHC has a nonallergen‐specific antinociceptive effect in the treatment of histamine‐mediated pain.
Left atrial myxoma causing near‐total mitral valve obstruction
Authors: Chang Chee Yik , Chan En Ze
Published: January 2023

Cardiac myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors in adults, with the left atrium being the most frequently affected. Echocardiography is the diagnostic modality of choice. The most effective treatment for cardiac myxomas is surgical excision.
Galassi type III arachnoid cyst presenting as a migraine of weariness
Authors: Khizar Ahtesham , Shahzad Waleed , Yadav Pradhumna Kumar
Published: January 2023

A 24‐year‐old right‐handed male presented with a 4‐month history of migraine of weariness. Typical accompanying symptoms with migraine like nausea, vomiting, photophobia and aura were not present. Non‐contrast CT brain revealed a left sided large frontotemporoparietal (Galassi Type III) arachnoid cyst. The patient underwent a cystoperitoneal shunt.
Total Syntheses of (+)‐Villocarine A, (−)‐Apogeissoschizine, and (+)‐Geissoschizine
Authors: Sakamoto Jukiya , Kitajima Mariko , Ishikawa Hayato
Published: January 2023

Total syntheses of geissoschizine‐type monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MTIAs) are reported. An intramolecular Pictet‐Spengler cyclization was developed for the selective construction of the 3R stereocenter. The first total synthesis of (+)‐villocarine A was then achieved. Furthermore, the first total synthesis of the highly strained (−)‐apogeissoschizine was also accomplished in an aza‐Michael cyclization/E1cB elimination/stereoselective olefin isomerization sequence. Finally, (+)‐geissoschizine, a common biosynthetic intermediate of MTIAs, was obtained from apogeissoschizine through ring‐opening along with a release of ring strain.
A Practice‐Oriented Benchmark Strategy to Predict the UV‐Vis Spectra of Organic Photocatalysts**
Authors: Fehér Péter Pál , Madarász Ádám , Stirling András
Published: January 2023

With this work, we wish to facilitate further developments in photocatalysis by proposing reliable methods for the computational pre‐screening of potential photocatalysts. To this end, we have developed a new benchmark strategy, and we have applied it to evaluate the predictions given by two wavefunction and several density functional theory (DFT) methods for the UV‐vis absorption spectra of recently developed organic photocatalyst molecules. The novelty in our benchmark framework is that it focuses on evaluating the real‐world applicability of computational methods and does not penalize errors that do not contribute to spectral shapes. We employ a spectral fitting process where the calculated excitations are convoluted with Gaussians using two parameters for broadening and wavelength scaling. This way, most methods can sufficiently reproduce the experimental spectra, but they differ in how much adjustment they require from the parameters. Overall, the double hybrids (with the notable exception of DSD‐BLYP) are the best functionals that offer the highest predictive power as they require practically no scaling. They are exceptionally good in estimating the excitation energies with almost 90 % of the fitted spectra falling into the ±10 % scaling window. This is the same level of accuracy as provided by the STEOM‐DLPNO‐CCSD correlated wavefunction method. In terms of cost efficiency, M06 emerges as the best functional. It compensates a slightly less consistent performance with lower computational demand and availability in nearly all computational codes. Therefore, we recommend the use of double‐hybrid and M06 functionals for UV‐vis spectrum prediction of novel organic photocatalysts, and we also highlight that M06 can be used as a black‐box method even by those who are non‐experts in computational chemistry. The developed protocol and a user‐friendly notebook to assist the analysis are available on GitHub.
MOF‐Heterostructure‐Mediated pH‐Responsive Adsorptive Removal of Ciprofloxacin: A Step towards Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Bhattacharyya Puja , Sarma Liza , Taneja Akanksha , Parmar Prathu Raja , Jain Geetika , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Chakrabarti Sandip
Published: January 2023

One of the biggest challenges of the modern world is the antibiotic pollution in the water resources owing to the lack of effective removal techniques in the conventional wastewater treatment processes. Importantly, very few commercially available adsorbents are at the same time porous, magnetic, and have the capacity to bind and remove particular antibiotic classes from the slurries in a selective manner. Herein we report CNS@ZIF67 heterostructure derived adsorbent for the pH‐dependent removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP). The materials can be synthesized via a simple two‐step wet chemical method followed by annealing in a controlled atmosphere. The material demonstrates an attractive surface‐to‐mass ratio of 203.02 m2 g−1. We have performed a detailed time dependent adsorption study indicating a high removal efficiency of 96% within 2 h. Experimental adsorption data matches the Langmuir isotherm model and the kinetics follows pseudo‐second‐order reaction kinetics suggesting a chemisorption pathway of adsorption kinetics. The adsorbent has an interesting pH dependent adsorption behavior towards CIP. The adsorbent has also demonstrated its value in being reusable for four cycles of adsorption and desorption without significantly changing the removal efficiency.
Water wave optimized nonsubsampled shearlet transformation technique for multimodal medical image fusion
Authors: Amrita  , Joshi Shivani , Kumar Rajiv , Dwivedi Avinash , Rai Vipin , Chauhan Sansar Singh
Published: January 2023

Medical image fusion has advanced to the point that it is now possible to combine multiple medical images for accurate disease diagnosis and treatment. The state‐of‐art techniques based on spatial and transform domains suffer from different limitations such as low fused image quality, spectral degradation, contrast reduction, low edge information preserving, lack of shift‐invariance, high computational complexity, classification accuracy, and sensitivity to noise. The main motivation of this work is to generate a single image with excellent visual clarity that retains the features of the source images. This article proposes a water wave optimized nonsubsampled shearlet transformation technique (NSST) for multimodal medical image fusion, in which the water wave optimization (WWO) algorithm is used to allocate the weights of the NSST approach's high‐frequency subbands. The NSST approach is primarily used in this work due to its ability to withstand shift‐invariance and its potential to improve the visual clarity of the fused multimodal image by preserving the essential features present in the image's various directions and edges. We combined the NSST technique with the WWO algorithm, which processes the edges, details, and contourlets of medical images using a max selection strategy based on the fitness function, to improve image quality and computational costs. The WWO algorithm is mainly applied to the NSST to minimize the L1 distance between the fused and the source images. Hence to overcome this problem a condition CNN optimized with a hybrid tunicate swarm memetic (TSM) algorithm is used to incorporate both the benefits offered by the condition CNN–TSM algorithm and NSST. The TSM optimized condition CNN architecture is used to preserve the coefficients of the image and improve the perceiving capability of the high‐frequency sub‐bands. An inverse NSST is used for fused frequency sub‐band integration. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed methodology is evaluated in terms of enhanced visual feature quality, edge detection, contour detection, and computational performance.
Uncovering Triradicaloid Structures in S1 Benzene Photochemistry**
Authors: Guerra Cristian , Ayarde‐Henríquez Leandro , Chamorro Eduardo , Ensuncho Adolfo
Published: January 2023

Theoretical evidence concerning the multiradicaloid character in benzene photochemistry is reported based on a topological analysis of the correlated electron localization function. The bonding implications of triradicaloid conditions in both ground and excited states of S1 benzene are discussed within the bonding evolution theory. Our results suggest that triradicaloid/biradicaloid structures form due to the non‐bonding density concentration over C atoms, causing the distorted geometry near the S1/S0 crossing. Biradicaloid centers formed in the excited state trigger new CC bonds, leading to a variety of photoproducts.
Initiative of clinical single‐cell biomedicine in clinical and translational medicine
Authors: Liu Fangming , Liu Xuanqi , Powell Charles A. , Chen Chengshui , Zeng Yiming , Fang Hao , Wang Xiangdong
Published: January 2023

Background

With rapid developments of single‐cell sequencing and multi/trans‐omics, clinical single‐cell biomedicine is a new and emergent discipline to integrate single‐cell molecular and clinical phenomes and uncover new disease‐specific diagnosis and therapy.

Aims

The journal of Clinical and Translational Medicine (CTM) launches the first CTM initiative of Clinical Single‐Cell Biomedicine (cscBioMed) to promote the discovery and development of single‐cell‐based biology and medicine, speed the translation from single‐cell biology into clinical application, and improve early diagnosis and therapy for human diseases.

Materials & Methods

The cscBioMed initiative is speeding translational processes from circulating single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) into routine measures in clinical biochemistry of hematology, from spatial transcriptomics into single‐cell pathology, from single‐cell‐based biomarkers and targets into clinical diagnostics and target drugs.

Conclusion

With a clear goal, we expect that cscBioMed will benefit the human health by establishing a clinical single‐cell dynamic monitoring and early predicting system and by improving diagnosis and treatment.
Energy efficient power allocation in MIMO relaying systems with the MRT precoding
Authors: Imani Nima , Sakhaei Gharagezlou Abdolrasoul , Nangir Mahdi
Published: January 2023

Multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems perform well from the energy efficiency (EE) and the spectral efficiency (SE) points of view in fifth generation (5G) communication systems. This paper considers the operation of a MIMO system with a relay. The optimization problem relates to the EE maximization. This problem has two types of limitations, which provide a maximum transmission power and a minimum data rate for users. The encountered objective function is in a fractional form and thus it is a non‐convex function. Besides, the problem is constrained. We utilize a lower bound analysis for the data rates, some properties of the linear programming, and the maximum ratio transmission (MRT) precoding scheme to obtain a convex objective function. Using the Lagrange dual function, we obliterate the constraints of the problem and then it is easy to solve. To improve system performance, users are divided into two groups based on their channel gains, and the maximum transmission power is reasonably divided between them. Two iterative algorithms are proposed to solve the optimization problem numerically, and finally we investigate performance of the proposed method.
Multi‐objective‐derived energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks using hybrid African vultures‐cuckoo search optimization
Authors: Asha A , A Rajesh , Verma Neha , Poonguzhali I
Published: January 2023

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) plays an essential role in consumer electronics, remote monitoring, an electromagnetic signal, and so forth. The functional capacity of WSN gets enhanced everyday with different technologies. The rapid development of wireless communication, as well as digital electronics, provides automatic sensor networks with low cost and power in various functions, but the challenge faced in WSN is to forward a huge amount of data between the nodes, which is a highly complex task to provide superior delay and energy loss. To overcome these issues, the development of a routing protocol is used for the optimal selection of multipath to perform efficient routing in WSN. This paper developed an energy‐efficient routing in WSNs utilizing the hybrid meta‐heuristic algorithm with the help of Hybrid African Vultures‐Cuckoo Search Optimization (HAV‐CSO). Here, the designed method is utilized for choosing the optimal cluster heads for progressing the routing. The developed HAV‐CSO method is used to enhance the network lifetime in WSN. Hence, the hybrid algorithm also helps select the cluster heads by solving the multi‐objective function in terms of distance, intra‐cluster distance, delay, inter‐cluster distance, throughput, path loss, energy, transmission load, temperature, and fault tolerance. The developed model achieved 7.8% higher than C‐SSA, 25.45% better than BSO‐MTLBO, 23.21% enhanced than AVOA, and 1.29% improved than CSO. The performance of the suggested model is validated, and the efficacy of the developed work is proved over other existing works.
Automated identification of unknown doping agents in confiscation samples by flow‐injection mass spectrometry and mass spectral library searches
Authors: Guan Fuyu , Fay Savannah , Adreance Matthew A. , McGoldrick Leif K. , Proctor Rachel M. , Missanelli Jaclyn R. , You Youwen , Robinson Mary A.
Published: January 2023

Rapid and accurate identification of unknown compounds within suspicious samples confiscated for sports doping control and law enforcement drug testing is critical, but such analyses are often conducted manually and can be time‐consuming. Here, we report a methodology for automated identification of unknown substances in confiscation samples by rapid automatic flow‐injection analysis on a liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry system and identifying unknown compounds with Compound Discoverer software. The developed methodology was validated by comparing the automated identification results with those obtained from manual syringe‐infusion experiments and manual tandem mass spectral library searches. The automated methodology resulted in far higher throughput and remarkably shorter turnaround time for analysis when compared with manual procedures and, in most cases, yielded more compounds. As this is the first such report to the authors' knowledge, this methodology may potentially transform analysis of confiscated samples in sports doping control and law enforcement drug testing.
Risk of dialysis and renal diseases in patients with anorexia nervosa in Taiwan
Authors: Tseng Mei‐Chih Meg , Chien Li‐Nien , Tu Chao‐Ying , Zheng Cai‐Mei , Liu Hung‐Yi
Published: January 2023

Objective

To investigate the incidence and risk of renal‐related complications in a nationwide cohort of Taiwanese patients with anorexia nervosa (AN).

Method

This longitudinal cohort study analyzed the data of 43,951 individuals—comprising 2091 patients with AN and their controls matched (1:20) using propensity scores according to sex, age, degree of urbanization of residence, socioeconomic status, and year of diagnosis—from a population‐based health insurance database; the study lasted 16 years. We used Kaplan–Meier curves to estimate the cumulative incidence of renal events. We also performed Cox proportional regression and constructed a risk model with death as a competing event (both adjusted for basic characteristics, renal diseases, and psychiatric comorbidities) to examine the risk of dialysis and renal outcomes in the AN group relative to the control group.

Results

In total, 204 and 10 patients with AN had renal‐related outcomes and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), respectively. The cumulative incidence rates of all renal outcomes and ESRD in the AN group were 10.72% and .64%, respectively, at 10‐year follow‐up. Compared with the control group, the AN group had a significantly higher risk of acute dialysis (adjusted hazard ratio 2.10 [95% confidence interval 1.19–3.68]), hypokalemia, hypovolemia, nephritis, acute renal failure, and chronic renal failure. The AN group did not have a significantly higher risk of ESRD.

Discussion

The elevated risks of acute dialysis and some renal outcomes in AN highlight the importance of monitoring electrolyte imbalance and renal malfunctioning.

Public Significance

Malnutrition and purging behaviors may cause renal complications in patients with AN. In this longitudinal cohort study, we found that the 10‐year cumulative incidence of all renal outcomes in AN was 10.72%, and that patients with AN had a two‐fold higher risk of overall renal outcomes compared with those without AN. Our findings imply that weight restoration and ceasing purging behaviors are crucial for recovery from AN.
No‐shows in T‐cell responses are frequent for clones of low T‐cell receptor affinity
Authors: van Gisbergen Klaas P.J.M. , Gerlach Carmen
Published: January 2023

The magnitude of CD8 T‐cell responses against intracellular pathogens is thought to primarily depend on the expansion capacity of naïve T cells, given that their recruitment is considered optimal. In the current issue of the European Journal of Immunology [Eur. J. Immunol. 2023. 53: 000‐000], Leube et al. challenge these concepts and show that the recruitment of naïve T‐cell clones into primary responses can be far from complete. The failure to efficiently recruit T‐cell clones occurs more frequently in case of low‐affinity interactions of the T‐cell receptor with cognate antigen of the pathogen. Using single‐cell fate‐mapping in the Lm‐OVA model, the authors demonstrate that naïve T‐cell clones of low affinity in contrast to those of high affinity often do not expand after pathogen encounter. These low‐affinity clones are maintained as naïve CD8 T cells that can robustly respond upon secondary encounter with the same pathogen, in particular when the reencountered pathogen contains modifications resulting in improved recognition. Thus, this study indicates that the regulation of the response size of CD8 T cells is yet more elaborate than anticipated and involves control at the level of recruitment and expansion of naïve CD8 T cells.
The selfBACK artificial intelligence‐based smartphone app can improve low back pain outcome even in patients with high levels of depression or stress
Authors: Rughani Guy , Nilsen Tom I. L. , Wood Karen , Mair Frances S. , Hartvigsen Jan , Mork Paul J. , Nicholl Barbara I.
Published: January 2023

Background

selfBACK provides individually tailored self‐management support for low back pain (LBP) via an artificial intelligence‐based smartphone app. We explore whether those with depressive/stress symptoms can benefit from this technology.

Methods

Secondary analysis of the selfBACK randomized controlled trial (n = 461). Participants with LBP were randomized to usual care (n = 229), or usual care plus selfBACK (n = 232). Primary outcome: LBP‐related disability (Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire, RMDQ) over 9 months. Secondary outcomes: global perceived effect (GPE)/pain self‐efficacy (PSEQ)/satisfaction/app engagement. Baseline depressive symptoms were measured using the patient health questionnaire (PHQ‐8) and stress with the perceived stress scale (PSS). Outcomes stratified by baseline PHQ‐8/PSS scores to assess associations across the whole cohort, and intervention versus control groups.

Results

Participants with higher levels of depressive/stress symptoms reported more baseline LBP‐related disability (RMDQ 3.1; 1.6 points higher in most vs least depressed/stressed groups respectively); lower self‐efficacy (PSEQ 8.1; 4.6 points lower in most vs least depressive/stressed groups respectively). LBP‐related disability improved over time; relative risk of improvement in those with greatest depressive/stress symptoms versus nil symptom comparators at 9 months: 0.8 (95% CI: 0.6 to 1.0) and 0.8 (95% CI: 0.7 to 1.0) respectively. No evidence that different baseline levels of depressive/perceived stress symptoms are associated with different RMDQ/GPE/PSEQ outcomes. Whilst participants with higher PHQ‐8/PSS were less likely to be satisfied or engage with the app, there was no consistent association among PHQ‐8/PSS level, the intervention and outcomes.

Conclusions

The selfBACK app can improve outcomes even in those with high levels of depressive/stress symptoms and could be recommended for patients with LBP.

Significance

We have demonstrated that an app supporting the self‐management of LBP is helpful, even in those with higher levels of baseline depression and stress symptoms. selfBACK offers an opportunity to support people with LBP and provides clinicians with an additional tool for their patients, even those with depression or high levels of stress. This highlights the potential for digital health interventions for chronic pain.
Electrochemical detection of asparaginase antibodies using bifunctionalized carbon interfaces
Authors: Marshall Daisy , Lehr Joshua
Published: January 2023

The early detection of anti‐asparaginase biomarker can facilitate timely modification of asparaginase chemotherapy, thereby avoiding serious complications. Herein we describe the preparation of a novel electrochemical biosensing interface for rapid detection of anti‐asparaginase in the picomolar range (1–10 000 pM). Coimmobilization of ferrocene and asparaginase on a carbon interface (via diazonium grafting) facilitates transduction through attenuation of the surface‐bound ferrocene redox couple. The limit of detection of 0.8 pM for this point‐of‐care applicable method compares favourably to that of traditional faradaic assaying (2.0 pM) where transduction occurs by the target blocking the diffusion of the solution redox probe [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−.
Potentiometric determination of mephedrone in oral fluids with ion‐selective membranes
Authors: Pospíšilová Eva , Paškanová Natálie , Kuchař Martin , Shishkanova Tatiana V.
Published: January 2023

This work presents a potentiometric approach for the detection of two cathinone derivatives, namely mephedrone (4‐MMC) and clephedrone (4‐CMC). Contrary to neutral‐carriers (dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6‐ether and calix[4]arene), cation‐exchanger (tetraphenylborate sodium) as active component of ion‐selective membrane showed near‐Nernstian response (+47 mV/decade from 1.7 ⋅ 10−6 to 5.6 ⋅ 10−4 mol l−1) and selectivity for 4‐MMC in oral fluids (OF). The agreement between the quantitative results obtained with the potentiometric approach and the HPLC/MS‐MS method determination of 4‐MMC in OF shows the potential of the proposed potentiometric approach for forensic analysis.
Stream power indices correspond poorly with observations of alluvial river channel adjustment
Authors: Parker Chris , Davey James
Published: January 2023

A variety of stream power‐based approaches for predicting catchment‐scale alluvial channel adjustment have been developed. There is an international interest in applying these to inform river catchment management. However, there is some uncertainty regarding their ability to make consistently accurate predictions. This study evaluates the performance of a range of stream power indices for predicting observed channel adjustment. Remotely sensed data were used to generate 33 different stream power indices every 50 m across the networks of five test catchments. The performances of the indices were evaluated by comparing them against observations of erosion and deposition‐dominated channels extracted from the UK's River Habitat Survey (RHS) database. A selection of metrics for evaluating the performance of the indices were calculated. The key finding from this study is that the stream power indices were poorly associated with the observations of alluvial channel adjustment. It is not clear whether this poor association is due to limitations with stream power indices or the suitability of the RHS observations. However, this is not the first study to find a weak association between stream power and observed adjustment. Therefore, caution is recommended to anyone hoping to take advantage of the practicability of stream power indices until further testing is applied using alternative observation datasets. An additional finding from this study is the inconsistency of outcomes between different measures of model performance. It is recommended that future studies also employ multiple model performance measures rather than relying on accuracy alone.
Preparation and properties of graphite/polypropylene composite material reinforced by chopped carbon fibers for proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates
Authors: Wei Huili , Chang Guofeng , Shi Rongqun , Xu Sichuan , Liu Jinling
Published: January 2023

In this work, chopped carbon fibers (CCFs) with different lengths were added to graphite/polypropylene (PP) composite materials to achieve high conductivity and flexural strength performances, which are required for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The effects of CCF length (2–4 mm), CCF content (0–5 wt.%), graphite type‐natural flake graphite (NFG) and synthetic graphite (SG), and graphite particle size (18–106 µm) on the graphite/PP/CCFs composites are examined. The conductivities of the composites decrease significantly with increasing CCF length above 3 wt.%. CCFs improve the composite's strength, with a maximum strength of 45.8 MPa being achieved with 5 wt.% of 4 mm long CCFs. Composite with NFG exhibits superior conductivity to the one with SG but lacks flexural strength. The NFG particle size significantly affects the conductivity of the composite at high graphite contents, with a particle diameter of 75 µm resulting in maximum conductivity. An optimal composition with 38 µm/82 wt.% NFG and 2 mm/3 wt.% CCF, electrical conductivity, and flexural strength of 189.4 S/cm and 30.2 MPa, respectively, were achieved. Also, this composite exhibited interfacial contact resistance and contact angles of 111°, which showed favorable interfacial conductivity and hydrophobicity performances.