bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chinese Universities and the Market for Ideas
Authors: Wang Ning
Published: November 2017

This paper examines China’s ongoing revolution in higher education. On the bright side, Chinese higher education has enjoyed four decades of remarkable expansion, as measured by college enrollment, post-graduate training, research capacities and various global rankings. In 2007, China’s higher education has become the largest in the world in terms of student enrollment. Yet, after decades of economic liberalization and marketization, Chinese higher education is one of the few areas that remain monopolized by the state. Despite extraordinary progresses Chinese universities have recently made, they have been repeatedly criticized by many insiders (university presidents, college deans, professors, as well as students and their parents) for the lack of academic freedom. It remains to be seen whether China’s universities can transform themselves from an institution of higher education to a home of liberal learning and innovation.
What Maisie Knew: Moral Imagination and Two Conceptions of Moral Thought
Authors: Taylor Craig
Published: November 2017

According to a widely held view, moral thought essentially involves the survey of an array of independently specifiable morally relevant facts, on the basis of which an agent is to reach a judgment about how anybody in that situation ought to act. I argue, drawing on Henry James’s
Egy kiállítás tanulságai
Authors: Vonyó József
Published: November 2017

Fotó: PTE Egyetemi Könyvtár, Történeti Gyűjtemények Osztálya
A magyarországi egyetemtörténet-írás eredményei és feladatai
Authors: Szögi László
Published: November 2017

In the following paper we display the development of writings about universities history in the last 25 years. It is important to underline that we use the name of Hungary as a historical definition. In this case it means the whole territory of the Carpathian Basin, because the current boarders were created in 1920. Since the Hungarian universities were founded late the possibility of attendance at foreign universities represented great importance. Nowadays, we possess a database with more than 100.000 records about Hungarian students who attended foreign universities before 1918. Many source editions, analyses and monographs were published in this topic. The purpose of the following article is to summarize the most notable volumes. 
Photo: pexels.com
Megroppant pályaív, töretlen emberi tartás
Authors: Oroszi Sándor
Published: November 2017

A Pécsi Tudományegyetem jogelődjének, a pécsi m. kir. Erzsébet Tudományegyetem kiemelkedő személyiségének, Abay (Neubauer) Gyulának a váci börtönben írt könyve, az Oeconomia Aeterna 2016 decemberében jelent meg az Akadémiai Kiadó gondozásában. E sorokkal a tragikus sorsú tudósra emlékezünk, és rá kívánjuk irányítani a figyelmet a rendkívüli körülmények között keletkezett alkotás – szerzője meggyőződése szerint az örökkévalóságnak szóló – gondolataira.
Balance and Functional Outcomes for Older Community-Dwelling Adults Who Practice Tai Chi and Those Who Do Not: A Comparative Study
Authors: Bubela Deborah , Sacharko Laddie , Chan Judy , Brady Maegen
Published: November 2017

Background and Purpose:

A growing body of literature substantiates that Tai Chi is a form of exercise that may help older adults increase strength, improve balance, lower fall rates, and experience less fear of falling. Few studies, however, offer controlled experimental design and simultaneously investigate multiple factors known to contribute to fall risk. The purpose of this study was to compare performance on measures relating to fall risk (strength, balance, functional mobility, and fear of falling) in older community-dwelling adults who participated in a community-based Tai Chi program with a control group of their peers who had no Tai Chi training over the same time period.

Methods:

A quasi-experimental comparative pre- and posttest design was used to compare an experimental group of 16 community-dwelling older adults, mean (SD) age = 80.4 (6.8) years, participating in a 16-week Tai Chi training program with a group of 13 adults, mean (SD) age = 71.2 (6.1) years, who had no Tai Chi experience in the areas of knee extension strength (measured by handheld dynamometry), functional strength (by five-time sit to stand), mobility (by Timed Up and Go [TUG] test and Fifty-Foot Walk Test), balance (by Functional Reach and Berg Balance Scale), and fear of falling (by Activity-specific Balance Confidence scale). Within-group and between-groups comparisons were made using 2×2 mixed analysis of variance.

Results:

Tai Chi participants improved in nearly all measures, whereas controls did not. Tai Chi participants experienced significant improvement in the TUG test during the training period (P = .003), with significant difference when compared with controls (P = .049) and moderate effect size and observed power (ηp
2 = 0.165; observed power = 0.512). Significant knee extension strength improvement occurred (P = .042) with moderate effect size and observed power (ηp
2 = 0.183; observed power = 0.543). While the total balance confidence scale score did not change significantly, responses on many individual items did reach a level of significant change for persons participating in the Tai Chi training.

Conclusion:

Older adults' participation in a community-based Tai Chi program may lead to improvement in strength, mobility, and confidence in performing functional tasks. Incorporation of elements of Tai Chi into therapy programs for older adults at risk for fall and referral to community-based Tai Chi programs may be viable options in the continuum of health-related care for older adults.
A Framework of Applying Ordering Coefficient Based on the Information Energy to Identify the Causal Relationships among Critical Factors from Raw Data
Authors: Shieh J.-I. , Wu H.-H.
Published: November 2017

Causal relationships among critical factors have been extensively studied in recent years. The most commonly seen methods based on the questionnaire to construct the causal relationships are decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method and semantic structure analysis (SSA) method. However, both methods have their own limitations. In contrast, an ordering coefficient based on information energy has a solid theoretical background to study causal relationships among critical factors. In order to identify the threshold value to establish causal relationships from the raw data, a bootstrapping Monte Carlo simulation for an ordering coefficient based on information energy was conducted. Finally, a brief case study was presented and discussed with the use of an ordering coefficient based on information energy and a bootstrapping Monte Carlo simulation when the raw data are available to construct the causal relationships among the criteria.
Hypernatraemic hypovolaemia with anaemia: an unusual presentation of primary testicular insufficiency
Authors: Javaid Usman , Lal Vikram , Napier Catherine , Burbridge Alison , Quinton Richard
Published: November 2017

Hypogonadal men may experience intense vasomotor symptoms, and vasomotor sweating can occasionally be associated with profound fluid losses. We describe a 37-year-old male, who exhibited persistent hypovolaemic hypernatraemia that was challenging to treat despite a continuous high fluid input (>4–5 L/day). He was noted to have drenching sweats and normochromic anaemia. He had recent traumatic head injury, which resulted in neurocognitive dysfunction, so pituitary function tests were done which showed primary hypogonadism. After exclusion of all other possible causes of excess sweating, hypernatraemia and anaemia, a trial of testosterone therapy was instituted. Sweating dramatically ceased within hours of his first testosterone injection, hydration status normalised within days and anaemia and neurocognitive function progressively improved with continued testosterone replacement. This case demonstrates how, in a susceptible individual, hypovolaemic hypernatraemia can arise from insensible cutaneous fluid loss through eccrine sweating, mediated by vasomotor symptoms of untreated hypogonadism. Although this scenario has not been described in the literature, we felt it needed to be shared with the wider medical community because of how the diagnosis and treatment utterly transformed this patient’s functional status and outcome.

Learning points:

Hypogonadal men may experience intense vasomotor symptoms and vasomotor sweating can occasionally be associated with profound fluid losses.

Whether or not there is also hyperosmolar hypernatraemia, clinicians should always consider the possibility of underlying hypogonadism in men with normocytic anaemia and excessive sweating.

Androgen (testosterone) replacement in hypogonadal men can have a dramatic effect on vasomotor sweating and hot flushes.
Fitness Costs and Variation in Transmission Distortion Associated with the Abnormal Chromosome 10 Meiotic Drive System in Maize
Authors: Higgins David M , Lowry Elizabeth G , Kanizay Lisa B , Becraft Philip W , Hall David W , Dawe R Kelly
Published: November 2017

The maize abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) meiotic drive system causes its own preferential transmission through females, yet it is found at low frequencies...

Meiotic drive describes a process whereby selfish genetic elements are transmitted at levels greater than Mendelian expectations. Maize abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) encodes a meiotic drive system that exhibits strong preferential segregation through female gametes. We performed transmission assays on nine Ab10 chromosomes from landraces and teosinte lines and found a transmission advantage of 62–79% in heterozygotes. Despite this transmission advantage, Ab10 is present at low frequencies in natural populations, suggesting that it carries large negative fitness consequences. We measured pollen transmission, the percentage of live pollen, seed production, and seed size to estimate several of the possible fitness effects of Ab10. We found no evidence that Ab10 affects pollen transmission, i.e., Ab10 and N10 pollen are transmitted equally from heterozygous fathers. However, at the diploid (sporophyte) level, both heterozygous and homozygous Ab10-I-MMR individuals show decreased pollen viability, decreased seed set, and decreased seed weight. The observed fitness costs can nearly but not entirely account for the observed frequencies of Ab10. Sequence analysis shows a surprising amount of molecular variation among Ab10 haplotypes, suggesting that there may be other phenotypic variables that contribute to the low but stable equilibrium frequencies.
Coalescent Processes with Skewed Offspring Distributions and Nonequilibrium Demography
Authors: Matuszewski Sebastian , Hildebrandt Marcel E , Achaz Guillaume , Jensen Jeffrey D
Published: November 2017

Nonequilibrium demography impacts coalescent genealogies leaving detectable, well-studied signatures of variation. However, similar genomic footprints are also expected under models of large reproductive skew, posing a serious problem when trying to make inference. Furthermore, current approaches consider only one of the two processes at a time, neglecting any genomic signal that could arise from their simultaneous effects, preventing the possibility of jointly inferring parameters relating to both offspring distribution and population history. Here, we develop an extended Moran model with exponential population growth, and demonstrate that the underlying ancestral process converges to a time-inhomogeneous psi-coalescent. However, by applying a nonlinear change of time scale—analogous to the Kingman coalescent—we find that the ancestral process can be rescaled to its time-homogeneous analog, allowing the process to be simulated quickly and efficiently. Furthermore, we derive analytical expressions for the expected site-frequency spectrum under the time-inhomogeneous psi-coalescent, and develop an approximate-likelihood framework for the joint estimation of the coalescent and growth parameters. By means of extensive simulation, we demonstrate that both can be estimated accurately from whole-genome data. In addition, not accounting for demography can lead to serious biases in the inferred coalescent model, with broad implications for genomic studies ranging from ecology to conservation biology. Finally, we use our method to analyze sequence data from Japanese sardine populations, and find evidence of high variation in individual reproductive success, but few signs of a recent demographic expansion.
Death in a Mission Hospital
Authors: Ritchie James V
Published: November 2017

Medical missionaries may struggle with the proper understanding of their roles in the death of their patients.  To better grasp a biblical concept of death, medical missionaries should understand God’s plan for death, and also understand both God’s sovereignty and their own free will.  Missionaries should prepare patients and their families for impending death.  Cultural objections to discussing impending death may be addressed by emphasizing the Christian understanding of earthly death and eternal life, and by honoring the passing of the believing patient.
Anatomy Lessons
Authors: George Reena Mary , Mathew Shefali
Published: November 2017

The microcosm of the human body, like the great rhythm of the universe, is silent, intricate, delicately balanced. Anatomy supports Physiology as organs and tissues connect, communicate and nourish life. In illness, they speak through the patient's history. Even in this era of cutting-edge technology, the clinical history remains the foundation of palliative and patient centred care. In listening to Anatomy speak, we understand how and where the body hurts. In health and infirmity, may we also marvel at the human form we touch and inhabit — so carefully, fearfully and wonderfully made.
Słowo Boże a życie osobiste i wspólnotowe według pierwotnej katechezy cenobickiej
Authors: Ciemiała Marianna
Published: November 2017

W artykule omówiono pierwotną katechezę cenobicką, której celem była duchowa formacja mnichów dla dobra całej wspólnoty. Prawodawstwo monastyczne sformułowało w sposób wzorcowy biblijne wymagania i wskazania dotyczące postaw cenobitów i tradycji wspólnotowych. Analiza tekstów reguł monastycznych prowadzi do wniosku, że wszystkie zalecenia i praktyczne rozstrzygnięcia płynące ze słowa Bożego służyły budowaniu wspólnego życia osób, które odpowiedziały na dar powołania do „świętej koinônii”. Charakterystyczne dla koinônii pachomiańskiej było dydaktyczne zastosowanie Pisma Świętego do formacji indywidualnej i wspólnotowej. Natomiast Asketikon Bazylego Wielkiego uwydatnia rolę przełożonych, którzy w procesie formacji biblijnej braci mieli być „sługami słowa”. Kształtowaniu koinônii według wzorca biblijnego sprzyjały również liczne formy retorycznego oddziaływania na członków poszczególnych wspólnot.
Tangential flow filtration (TFF) concentration of phytoplankton v3
Authors: Vaulot Daniel
Published: November 2017

Concentrate phytoplankton samples about 100-fold typically from 5L down to 20 mL. Takes about 1 hour per sample. Samples can be used for flow cytometry sorting or for cultures. Enrichment by TFF usually keep growing for a longer time than unconcentrate samples. Reference Marie, D., Shi, X.L., Rigaut-Jalabert, F. & Vaulot, D. (2010). Use of flow cytometric sorting to better assess the diversity of small photosynthetic eukaryotes in the English Channel. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 72. p.pp. 165–178.
Extraction and detection of free-gossypol in cottonseed samples v1
Authors: Almeida Conceição Aparecido , Batista Soares Neto Clemente , Antônio de Aquino Ribeiro José , Gonçalves de Siqueira Felix , Neil Gerard Miller Robert , Mendonça Simone
Published: November 2017

Thissimple and rapid chromatographic detection method was developed and validated in order to accurately quantify trace levels of free gossypol in different cotton materials, including cottonseed, cottonseed cake and cottonseed cake treated with macrofungi.
Efficient Micellar Extraction of Ternary Mixture of Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Medium
Authors: Kaur Narinderjit , Sharma Sangeeta , Khosla Ekta
Published: November 2017

In the present work an attempt has been made to extract ternary mixture of Basic Yellow-2 (BY-2), Basic Red-12 (BR-12) and Basic Blue-26 (BB-26) dyes from simulated textile effluent by solvent extraction using anionic surfactant Sodium Dodecylsulfate (SDS). This study proposes an efficient, fast, simple and effective microemulsion system for the removal of cationic dyes using reverse micelles of anionic surfactant from wastewaters. In this method, dyes are dissolved in aqueous phase and mixed with organic solvent in the presence of surfactant. The effects of the concentration of feed mixture (dye and surfactant), temperature, pH and salt concentration on extraction of dyes from aqueous phase have been studied after the complete separation of two phases. The method poses no environmental threat, so it is an eco-friendly way to treat dye house effluents.
Physicochemical Investigation on the Pulmonary Surfactant of Some Vertebrates
Authors: Mukherjee Suvasree , Prestidge Clive A. , Orgeig Sandra , Panda Amiya Kumar , Moulik Satya Priya
Published: November 2017

Large aggregate (LA) fraction of the pulmonary surfactant (PS) isolated from five different animals of the vertebrate group, lungfish, chicken, crocodile, stumpie lizard and guinea pig were isolated and characterized. Active pulmonary surfactant components were obtained by chloroform-methanol extraction of the saline suspended LA fraction. Total phospholipid (PL) and protein content were estimated biochemically by standard enzymatic methods. A systematic progression in the PL and protein content was noticed with the developmental sequence of the animals, except the crocodile, which could be due to the difficulty in the PS isolation procedure. In vitro functionality of the solvent spread film was carried out in a Langmuir surface balance by way of surface pressure (π)-area (A) measurements. PS from all the species exhibited reversible compression and expansion cycles. A clear correlation between the maximum attainable surface pressure (πmax), also known as the collapse pressure (πc) and the developmental sequence, with some exceptions, could have been established. Langmuir-Blodgett deposits, transferred onto freshly cleaved mica, were imaged by atomic force microscopy for the five different species. DPPC enriched domains showed different dimensions for the five different species. The comprehensive set of studies shed light on the composition, film functionality and structure of the pulmonary surfactants of the vertebrates where a correlation with the evolution sequence is observed.
Análisis de riesgo crediticio, propuesta del modelo credit scoring
Authors: Leal Fica Alexi Ludovic , Aranguiz Casanova Marco Antonio , Gallegos Mardones Juan
Published: November 2017

El presente trabajo aplica en una empresa dedicada a la producción, comercialización y distribución de productos derivados del asfalto en la zona sur Chile. La empresa referida, ha preferido no revelar su razón social, para tal efecto hemos denominado a esta, Fantasía S.A. Durante los últimos años Fantasía ha experimentado un crecimiento significativo en sus ventas y con ello, una disminución de su nivel de liquidez y calidad de sus cuentas por cobrar. Sin embargo, este incremento en cuentas por cobrar está asociado a un mayor riesgo asumido de cobro, dada su política liberalizadora de cuentas por cobrar. Más aún, Fantasía S.A., no dispone de un sistema de gestión de crédito objetivo que permita una evaluación adecuada de la calidad y capacidad crediticia de sus clientes actuales y potenciales. Por tanto, en este artículo se propone a Fantasía un modelo de evaluación crediticia a sus clientes actuales y potenciales ajustado y ponderado a su realidad, que permite disminuir el riesgo de crédito o incobrables. El presente trabajo considera, una descripción de los modelos de evaluación de créditos y en específico de los modelos de credit scoring. A través de entrevistas a expertos, se definieron variables cuantitativas y cualitativas críticas a considerar en un proceso de gestión de créditos. Respecto de la calidad del modelo de evaluación crediticia propuesto, este muestra que un 81,82% de los créditos otorgados a sus clientes han superado el nivel mínino de evaluación o límite de aprobación por la empresa
Tecnologías de información y comunicación para el turismo inclusivo
Authors: Rodríguez Moreno Diana Cristina
Published: November 2017

El propósito de este trabajo es presentar las tecnologías de información y comunicación que tienen potencial para permitir la inclusión de personas con discapacidad como clientes de los destinos turísticos. Las tecnologías fueron identificadas a través de la búsqueda de información en bases de datos académicas y páginas web de empresas proveedoras de tecnologías de información para personas en estado de discapacidad, indicando cómo pueden ser usadas en las actividades de la cadena de valor turística. Se encontró que las tecnologías usadas en los campos de entretenimiento, educación, salud y artefactos diseñados para facilitar la vida de personas con discapacidad, pueden ser utilizados en la industria turística, asistiéndolos en funciones mentales, sensoriales, de voz y habla, neuromusculoesqueléticas y de movimiento
Impacto de las redes sociales en los ingresos de los hoteles en Colombia, Ecuador y Perú
Authors: Majó Joaquim , Moya Daissy , Vall-llosera Laura
Published: November 2017

El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la influencia de las valoraciones de los hoteles en las redes sociales y cómo estas afectan los ingresos de los hoteles. A partir de los datos mensuales (entre agosto de 2014 y julio de 2015) de 48 hoteles de Colombia, Ecuador y Perú se analizaron principalmente las variables: GRI (Global Review Index), Oferta, Demanda, Venta, RevPAR (Revenue Per Avalable Room) y Ubicación; mediante análisis de conglomerados y un modelo lineal. Se encontró que un mejor GRI favorece a una mejor ratio entre las ventas y la oferta. En concreto, observamos que cuando el GRI se incrementa en una unidad, el RevPAR crece en 0,49%, manteniendo el resto de variables constantes. Es la primera investigación realizada en Sudamérica para analizar la incidencia de las redes sociales en los ingresos de los hoteles.
Análisis semiparametrico de los factores asociados a la sostenibilidad de los emprendimientos
Authors: Reina Gutiérrez Walther , Sepúlveda Rivillas Claudia Inés , González Uribe Gabriel Jaime
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo, producto de una investigación, pretende identificar y analizar los factores que determinan la sostenibilidad de los emprendimientos, evidenciando la relevancia de los efectos individuales y cruzados, relacionados con el emprendedor, el emprendimiento y el entorno, en la Subregión del Bajo Cauca – Colombia, para lo cual se abordó una metodología cuantitativa mediante un modelo semiparamétrico. Se utilizó una muestra de 101 emprendedores, 73 activos y 28 inactivos. El principal aporte de la investigación es determinar el grado en que cada variable, individualmente y en interacción con otras, afecta la supervivencia de los emprendimientos. Las variables que inciden sobre la supervivencia son: elaboración del plan de negocios, ubicación, endeudamiento, diversificación de la oferta y forma jurídica.
From the editor
Authors: İlhan Ayse Cakır
Published: November 2017

Message from EditorDear Readers,It is a great honor for us to publish sixth volume, fourth issue of Global Journal of Arts Education.Global Journal of Arts Education is an international peer-refereed journal that provides an international form for research in the field of the art and creative education. The journal welcomes a wide range of theoretical and methodological approaches to research, and encourages submissions from the broader fields of education and the arts that are related with learning and teaching through art education. The journal publishes original research articles or comprehensive reviews on design, culture, architecture, aesthetics, arts history, arts ethics, graphic design and ceramics that are related with the area of education.Articles focusing on human security culture and folklore, today’s artist identity, game technologies, aim of arts education and ceramics have been included in this issue. The topics of the next issue will be different. You can make sure that we will be trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge in which different kinds of topics are discussed in each volume and issue.A total number of ten (10) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of five (5) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication.We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.Best regards,Prof. Dr. Ayse Cakir IlhanEditor – in Chief
Incentivizing Fruit and Vegetable Purchasers at Fresh Markets in Lower 9th Ward, New Orleans
Authors: Ferdinand Rashida , Torres Rosamar , Scott Jennifer , Saeed Imran , Scribner Richard
Published: November 2017

Objective: Disparities in fruit and vegetable consumption have been observed across income and race-ethnicity and shown to be associated with both access to fresh food venues and price. This study assesses the feasibility of increasing produce consump­tion by incentivizing fruit and vegetable purchases at local markets.

Design: We conducted analyses of a cross-sectional survey of program participants and point-of-sale reports on fruit and vegetable purchases at the fresh food markets.

Participants: A total of 176 participants were enrolled in the “Veggie Dollars” pro­gram (VDP).

Setting: Five fresh food markets in the Lower Ninth Ward (LNW) of New Orleans, Louisiana.

Intervention: From January to July 2016, Sankofa, our community partner, recruited patrons at its markets into the VDP, a fresh food incentive program. Participants re­ceived coupons worth $4 per week for fruit and vegetables over a six-week period.

Main Outcome Measures: Total monthly gross, VDP, and SNAP benefit sales at the markets measured program participation. A survey (N=96) assessed the demographics and fruit and vegetable purchasing practices of participants.

Results: Participants were predominantly women (81%), African American (94%) and raising children at home (53%). Point-of-sales data indicated that VDP sales nearly doubled over the intervention period. Total market sales and SNAP benefit purchases also increased. The majority (63%) of VDP participants reported their produce purchas­es increased and 89% reported increasing their consumption of fruit and vegetables since entering the program.

Conclusions: Monetary incentives were as­sociated with increased fruit and vegetable purchases at local fresh food markets in a low-income minority community.

Ethn Dis. 2017;27(Suppl 1):287-294; doi:10.18865/ed.27.S1.287.
Bikeshare Use in Urban Communities: Individual and Neighborhood Factors
Authors: Oates Gabriela R. , Hamby Bryant W. , Bae Sejong , Norena Maria C. , Hart H. Olivia , Fouad Mona N.
Published: November 2017

Objective: Bicycling is an affordable way to increase access to employment, school­ing, and services and an effective measure against obesity. Bikeshare programs can make bicycling accessible to diverse popula­tions, but little evidence exists on their adoption in low-resource neighborhoods. Our study examined factors associated with bikeshare use in a metropolitan area in the southern United States.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of a database of clients (N=815) who rented a bicycle from Zyp Bikeshare in Birmingham, Alabama be­tween October 2015 and November 2016. Individual-level variables included bike use frequency, average speed, total miles traveled, total minutes ridden, bike type (traditional vs electricity-assisted pedelec), membership type, sex, and age. Area-level data aggregated to Census tracts, proxies for neighborhoods, were obtained from the 2010 US Census after geocoding clients’ billing addresses. Using exploratory factor analysis, a neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage index (SDI) was constructed. Bikeshare station presence in a tract was included as a covariate. Multivariate linear regression models, adjusted for clustering on Census tracts, were estimated to determine predictors of bikeshare use.

Results: In a multivariate regression model of individual and neighborhood character­istics adjusted for clustering, each decile increase in the SDI was associated with a 9% increase in bikeshare use (P<.001). Bikeshare use was also positively associated with speed (.1, P<.001), total miles (.008, P<.001), and pedelec use (1.02, P<.01).

Conclusion: Higher neighborhood socio­economic disadvantage is associated with higher bikeshare use. Bikeshare is a viable transportation option in low-resource neighborhoods and may be an effective tool to improve the connectivity, livability, and health of urban communities.

Ethn Dis. 2017;27(Suppl 1):303-312; doi:10.18865/ed.27.S1.303.
As disputas pela interpretação da lei da anistia de 1979
Authors: Teles Janaína de Almeida
Published: November 2017

A campanha pela anistia ampla, geral e irrestrita ganhou força com a formação dos Comitês Brasileiros pela Anistia (CBAs), em 1978, e se constituiu num movimento político que recebeu certo apoio popular promovendo extensa divulgação pública das denúncias sobre os abusos aos direitos humanos cometidos pela ditadura. O objetivo era o de desgastar o regime, que apresentava sinais de enfraquecimento. Os CBAs assumiram as reivindicações dos familiares de mortos e desaparecidos políticos: o esclarecimento sobre as torturas, mortes e desaparecimentos forçados; a restituição dos restos mortais; a atribuição das responsabilidades e a punição dos torturadores; o desmantelamento do aparelho repressivo e o fim das “leis de 1 Doutoranda em História Social na Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da USP e pesquisadora associada do Laboratório de Estudos sobre a Intolerância (LEI) da FFLCH-USP. Autora do livro Os herdeiros da memória: a luta dos familiares de mortos e desaparecidos políticos no Brasil (no prelo) e coorganizadora do Dossiê Ditadura: Mortos e Desaparecidos Políticos no Brasil (1964-1985). São Paulo, IEVE/Imprensa Oficial, 2009, entre outros exceção”. O movimento bateu de frente com as propostas de projeto de lei de anistia do governo e de “transição política”, marcadas pela perspectiva da conciliação
Low-Carbon-Steel Corrosion at High Temperatures by Aminopolycarboxylic Acids
Authors: Hong Ng Jun , Almubarak Tariq , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A.
Published: November 2017

Aminopolycarboxylic acids (APCAs) have been used in a variety of applications ranging from textiles to pharmaceuticals. They are also commonly used in the oil-and-gas industry for scale removal, standalone stimulation, and iron control. Because of the commonplace usage of APCAs, it is important to understand the corrosion that can result from the use of APCAs and the methods that can be applied to reduce corrosion damage resulting from their use. The objective of this work is to evaluate the corrosion rate of APCAs on low-carbon steel at high temperatures and to determine the mechanism of corrosion.

At high temperatures, conventional acids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) are extremely corrosive, lack penetration, and have sludging tendencies. Several organic acids such as formic acid and citric acid were proposed to overcome these shortcomings. However, these organic acids have displayed problems with solubility and compatibility. Chelating agents show good dissolving power, low corrosion, low sludging tendencies, and excellent iron control, and have been successfully used to replace HCl in certain applications. Furthermore, some of them are easily biodegradable and environmentally friendly.

To study the mechanism of corrosion at high temperature, N-80 coupons were exposed to APCA solutions for 12 hours in the absence of corrosion inhibitors (CIs). At 350°F, the corrosion rate of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), L-glutamic diacetic acid (GLDA), hydroxyethyl ethylene triacetic acid (HEDTA), and methylglycine diacetic acid (MGDA) had corrosion rates of 1.07, 0.754, 0.974, and 0.76 lbm/ft2, respectively. When the temperature was lowered to 300°F, the corrosion rates of each chelating agent decreased to 0.858, 0.724, 0.803, and 0.642 lbm/ft2 for EDTA, GLDA, HEDTA, and MGDA, respectively. The addition of a 1-vol% sulfur-containing CI to HEDTA and MGDA tests at 350°F caused a significant decrease in corrosion rates to 0.0102 and 0.00561 lbm/ft2, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanism of the APCA corrosion of low-carbon steel was found to be a combination of chelant-enhanced dissolution and cathodic reduction of the APCA. Chelant-enhanced dissolution involves the dissolution of the oxide layer on the surface of the metal, and is accelerated at high temperatures by reductive dissolution. Cathodic reduction of carboxylic-acid groups of APCAs was determined to be responsible for the corrosion of the bare metal layer.
Development of a Powerful Data-Analysis Tool Using Nonparametric Smoothing Models To Identify Drillsites in Tight Shale Reservoirs With High Economic Potential
Authors: Cai Quan , Yu Wei , Liang Hwa Chi , Liang Jenn-Tai , Wang Suojin , Wu Kan
Published: November 2017

The oil-and-gas industry is entering an era of “big data” because of the huge number of wells drilled with the rapid development of unconventional oil-and-gas reservoirs during the past decade. The massive amount of data generated presents a great opportunity for the industry to use data-analysis tools to help make informed decisions. The main challenge is the lack of the application of effective and efficient data-analysis tools to analyze and extract useful information for the decision-making process from the enormous amount of data available. In developing tight shale reservoirs, it is critical to have an optimal drilling strategy, thereby minimizing the risk of drilling in areas that would result in low-yield wells. The objective of this study is to develop an effective data-analysis tool capable of dealing with big and complicated data sets to identify hot zones in tight shale reservoirs with the potential to yield highly productive wells. The proposed tool is developed on the basis of nonparametric smoothing models, which are superior to the traditional multiple-linear-regression (MLR) models in both the predictive power and the ability to deal with nonlinear, higher-order variable interactions. This data-analysis tool is capable of handling one response variable and multiple predictor variables. To validate our tool, we used two real data sets—one with 249 tight oil horizontal wells from the Middle Bakken and the other with 2,064 shale gas horizontal wells from the Marcellus Shale. Results from the two case studies revealed that our tool not only can achieve much better predictive power than the traditional MLR models on identifying hot zones in the tight shale reservoirs but also can provide guidance on developing the optimal drilling and completion strategies (e.g., well length and depth, amount of proppant and water injected). By comparing results from the two data sets, we found that our tool can achieve model performance with the big data set (2,064 Marcellus wells) with only four predictor variables that is similar to that with the small data set (249 Bakken wells) with six predictor variables. This implies that, for big data sets, even with a limited number of available predictor variables, our tool can still be very effective in identifying hot zones that would yield highly productive wells. The data sets that we have access to in this study contain very limited completion, geological, and petrophysical information. Results from this study clearly demonstrated that the data-analysis tool is certainly powerful and flexible enough to take advantage of any additional engineering and geology data to allow the operators to gain insights on the impact of these factors on well performance.
Effects of Wind Speed and Wind Gustiness on Subsurface Gas Transport
Authors: Poulsen Tjalfe G. , Furman Alex , Liberzon Dan
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas

Subsurface gas transport as related to near‐surface wind speed and gustiness was measured.

Increased wind gustiness tended to decrease subsurface gas movement at greater depth.

Horizontal gas concentration gradients and gas movement in the subsurface are important.

Wind action appears to induce an advective gas flow pattern in the subsurface.

The impact of near‐surface wind speed and wind speed fluctuations (gustiness) on subsurface gas transport and exchange with the atmosphere was investigated with a focus on assessing the extent of vertical and horizontal gas transport in the subsurface. Investigations involved the use of a 40‐ by 40‐cm, 35‐cm‐deep stainless steel container filled with a dry granular porous medium (2–4‐mm grain size), applying CO2 and O2 as tracer gases. Experiments were performed under controlled (laboratory) conditions for different wind speeds (0–5.6 m s−1) under both gusty and non‐gusty wind conditions. Horizontal gas movement in the porous medium both parallel and perpendicular to the wind direction was controlled via a set of separation walls that could be installed inside the porous medium to assess the importance of horizontal gas velocities in the porous medium. Results indicate that average wind speed was the most important parameter controlling porous medium gas transport, especially near the surface. However, at greater depths, wind gustiness and horizontal gas movement also had significant impacts on the overall gas transport.
New Field Sampling Method to Analyze Spatial Distribution of Small‐Scale Soil Particle Surface Properties and Processes in Intact Soil
Authors: Krueger Jiem , Bachmann Jörg
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas

New field sampling and preparation method for thin undisturbed soil slices was developed.

Particle surface properties and processes can be determined at small scales.

Millimeter‐scale spatial distribution of wetting properties determined by water drop contact angles.

Geostatistics revealed different spatial correlation ranges for top‐ and subsoil.

This study developed a field sampling and preparation method to obtain soil slices (7.5 by 20 by 3.5 cm, maximum seven parallel slices) with intact surfaces that allows analysis of surface properties and processes with high spatial resolution. In an example application, soil wetting properties (in terms of contact angle, CA) of sandy and loamy top‐ and subsoil slices were analyzed. Mapping of the CA (millimeter grid) revealed high variability (0–130°) for topsoil. Subsoil surfaces were wettable (0–5°), however, high CA (?70°) domains could be identified and associated with a textural boundary. Semivariances indicated higher heterogeneity and higher spatial correlation ranges for the topsoil. Results indicate that our approach allows the detection of small‐scale variations and is a promising tool to analyze surface properties with high spatial resolution on parallel soil slices.
A moral hazard perspective on financial crisis
Authors: Busato Francesco , Massimo Coletta Cuono
Published: November 2017

Moral hazard is a typical problem of modern economic system, if we consider its a central role in the events leading up to the (financial) crisis of 2008. Therefore, there is a need to better appreciate its nature and its role, if future reforms are to be well designed in order to prevent further crises, default, bankrupt, down the line. Along this perspective, the paper discusses a moral hazard perspective on recent financial crisis, from Enron bankruptcy, to Lehman case, through AIG, Bearn Stern, Citigroup bail out, commenting, eventually, selected rules contained in the Sarbanes Oxley Act issued by the U.S. Government in 2002. The paper, next, comments on recent crisis of four Italian banks and on the bail in recently introduced for European banks. Eventually, the paper focuses on the so-called “free-rider” problem, discussing pro and cons of selected financial instruments (e.g. credit derivatives), while offering from a technical standpoint with the help of an analytical approach.
Gender diversity and organizational performance: a study of IT industries in Bangalore
Authors: Khanna Akanksha , Y. Ashwini , Varghese Jilsy
Published: November 2017

Humans are considered to be different from each other with their acumen and intelligence. The working condition in IT sector has changed over the past few decades. There has been a drastic increase in the number of female employees towards the development of IT sector over the past few years. Gender diversity is creating a wide range of awareness and helps understand the importance of gender identity. IT industry which is a dominant industry in India has reckoned gender diversity as a major tool to ensure it stands on criteria of being competent and innovative in the ever changing dynamic business environment. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between acceptance of gender diversity among the employees, diversity practices and programs adopted by the IT industries and barriers to the same.
Social capital and social entrepreneurship and innovation culture
Authors: Oskooii Nasrin , Ajali Jalil
Published: November 2017

Entrepreneurship is the mark and symbol of effort and success in business and entrepreneurs are the pioneers of successful businesses in the society. Their ability to take the opportunities, their strength in innovation and their capacity in succeeding are the standards which modern entrepreneurship is measured by. Entrepreneurs in leading, management, innovation, competency, job production, competition, efficiency and establishing new companies have an important role in economic growth. According to a kind of belief, entrepreneurship as a revolution is necessary for the societies. The importance of this revolution in current century is increasingly more than industrial revolution.
NATURAL PROTECTIVE FACTORS IN THERAPY OF INFLAMMATORY PHARYNX AND LYMPHOID RING DISEASES
Authors: Artyushkin S. A. , Eremina N. V.
Published: November 2017

Pharynx and pharyngeal lymphadenoid elements possess  diverse protective mechanisms, however, are often involved in the inflammatory process. Lysozyme is important natural factor in the maintenance of normal pharyngeal microbiome. The article presents the data about the efficient use of factors of natural protection of lysozyme and pyridoxine for the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases with lesions of the mucous membrane of the pharynx and lymphadenoid pharyngeal ring.
CLINIC-MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SYNCHRONIZATION OF INFLAMMATION IN A MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF A MIDDLE EAR IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Palchun V. T. , Gurov A. V. , Mikhaleva L. M. , Gordienko M. V.
Published: November 2017

Objective. To determine the clinical and morphological  criteria of chronic inflammation development in the middle ear mucosa and the study of local immunity.

Material and methods. 67 patients  aged from 19 to 67 years (men-28,  women-39) with complaints of pain, congestion in the ear, constant or intermittent  mucopurulent discharge from the ear, and hearing loss were examined. The disease  duration ranged from 3 days to 20 years or more. We have investigated the mucosa of the pathologically changed parts of the tympanic cavity. The sections were  stained  with hematoxylin  and eosin,  and trichromatic color by Mallory. For the  immunohistochemical  study monoclonal antibodies  to T lymphocytes  (CD4 T-lymphocytes-helper cells, CD8 T-lymphocytes-suppressors), B-lymphocytes  (CD20) were used. The calculation of the immunohistochemical  reaction was performed with a standard increase of 40 in 12 fields of view.

Conclusions. On Week 3 of the disease is a clear imbalance in the local immune defense occurs, which is a turning point in the course of the disease. In the period since 6 months and suppression of the immune response was detected. Thus, we believe that in conditions of a purulent inflammatory process the beginning of the process of chronic inflammation (development of granulation tissue) in the mucous membrane of the middle ear occurs on Week 3 from the onset of the disease, which is by 2–2.5  times later than in aseptic conditions.
IMPORTANT FACTORS OF THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS IN THE O ROPHARYNX AND OPTIMAL TREATMENT REGIMES SELECTION
Authors: Savlevich E. L. , Doroschenko N. E. , Slavinskaya I. S. , Farikov S. E.
Published: November 2017

Acute inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx dominate the medical aid appealability among all age categories. Such diseases are characterized by poly-ethiology and may form a mixed infection with bacteria and respiratory viruses. Components of bacterial cell walls, toxins, decay products of tissues during cytolysis or apoptosis of cells as a result of massive output of mature virions induce epithelial cells and macrophages for active synthesis of chemokines MCP-1, MCP-3, RANTES, IL-8, which leads to increased inflow of polymorphonuclear leukocytesin to the flammatory focus and a mass release of biogenic amines, lysosomal enzymes, cationic proteins, the release of arachidonic acid, which gradually turns into eicosanoids. Systemic use of NSAIDs can cause NSAID-associated gastropathies. Good accessibility of the target organ in diseases of the oropharynx allows target organspecific delivery of local treatment. Benzidamine hydrochloride (Tantum® Verde) refers to the group of anti-inflammatory suppressor of cytokines and also has a pronounced analgesic effect. The article provides data of the follow-up study of the efficacy of Tantum Verde® in the treatment of acute tonsillopharyngitis in outpatient settings.
FEATURES OF OTITIS MEDIA IN CHILDREN ON THE MODERN STAGE
Authors: Ryazancev S. V. , Preobrazhenskaya Y. S. , Drozdova M. V.
Published: November 2017

The article presents the published data about pathology of the middle ear: acute and chronic, modern methods of the medical therapy and features of surgical tactics choice.
NEW ORIGINAL ANTIHISTAMINE BILASTINE IN THE TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Authors: Krivopalov A. A. , Konoplev O. I. , Shervashidze S. V. , Shatalov V. A.
Published: November 2017

Allergic rhinitis is one of most widespread human diseases associated with severe limitations in physical, psychological, and social aspects of life, which is the reason for the decline in quality of life. The drugs of first choice in patients with symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis of intermittent as well as of persistent courses are antihistamines of 2nd generation with high affinity to H1-receptors. The article is about a new representative of the above group of drugs, the original drug Niksar® (bilastine).