bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis, identification and confirmation of synthetic opioids using chloroformate chemistry: Retrospective detection of fentanyl and acetylfentanyl in urine and plasma samples by EI-GC-MS and HR-LC-MS
Authors: Valdez Carlos A. , Leif Roald N. , Corzett Todd H. , Dreyer Mark L.
Published: November 2022

Electron Impact Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (EI-GC-MS) and High Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HR-LC-MS) have been used in the analysis of products arising from the trichloroethoxycarbonylation of fentanyl and acetylfentanyl in urine and plasma matrices. The method involves the initial extraction of both synthetic opioids separately from the matrices followed by detection of the unique products that arise from their reaction with 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl chloride (Troc-Cl), namely Troc-norfentanyl and Troc-noracetylfentanyl. The optimized protocol was successfully evaluated for its efficacy at detecting these species formed from fentanyl and acetylfentanyl when present at low and high levels in urine (fentanyl: 5 and 10 ng/mL and acetylfentanyl: 20 and 100 ng/mL) and plasma (fentanyl: 10 and 20 ng/mL and acetylfentanyl: 50 and 200 ng/mL), values that reflect levels reported in overdose victims. The HR-LC-MS method’s LOQ (limit of quantitation) for the Troc-norfentanyl and Troc-noracetylfentanyl products was determined to be ~10 ng/mL for both species. Even though the superiority in the detection of these species by HR-LC-MS over EI-GC-MS, the latter method proved to be important in the detection of the second product from the reaction, namely 2-phenylethyl chloride that is crucial in the determination of the original opioid. This observation highlights the importance of using complimentary analytical techniques in the analysis of a sample, whether biological or environmental in nature. The method herein serves as a complementary, qualitative confirmation for the presence of a fentanyl in collected urine, plasma and by extension other biological samples amenable to the common extraction procedures described for opioid analysis. More importantly, the method’s main strength comes from its ability to react with unknown fentanyls to yield products that can be not only detected by EI-GC-MS and HR-LC-MS but can then be used to retrospectively identify an unknown fentanyl.
Midwives speaking out on COVID-19: The international confederation of midwives global survey
Authors: Hartz Donna L. , Tracy Sally K. , Pairman Sally , Yates Ann , Renard Charlotte , Brodie Pat , Kildea Sue
Published: November 2022

Background

Maternity services around the world have been disrupted since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) representing one hundred and forty-three professional midwifery associations across the world sought to understand the impact of the pandemic on women and midwives.

Aim

The aim of this study was to understand the global impact of COVID-19 from the point of view of midwives’ associations.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional survey using an on-line questionnaire was sent via email to every midwives’ association member of ICM.

Survey instrument

The survey was developed and tested by a small global team of midwife researchers and clinicians. It consisted of 106 questions divided into seven discreet sections. Each member association was invited to make one response in either English, French or Spanish.

Results

Data were collected between July 2020 and April 2021. All respondents fulfilling the inclusion criteria irrespective of whether they completed all questions in the survey were eligible for analysis. All data collected was anonymous. There were 101 surveys returned from the 143 member associations across the world. Many countries reported being caught unaware of the severity of the infection and in some places, midwives were forced to make their own PPE, or reuse single use PPE. Disruption to maternity services meant women had to change their plans for place of birth; and in many countries maternity facilities were closed to become COVID-19 centres. Half of all respondents stated that women were afraid to give birth in hospitals during the pandemic resulting in increased demand for home birth and community midwifery. Midwifery students were denied access to practical or clinical placements and their registration as midwives has been delayed in many countries. More than 50% of the associations reported that governments did not consult them, and they have little or no say in policy at government levels. These poor outcomes were not exclusive to high-, middle- or low-income countries.

Conclusions

Strong recommendations that stem from this research include the need to include midwifery representation on key government committees and a need to increase the support for planned out of hospital birth. Both these recommendations stand to enhance the effectiveness of midwives in a world that continues to face and may face future catastrophic pandemics.
Reference intervals for common clinical chemistry parameters in healthy adults of Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Fiseha Temesgen , Alemayehu Ermiyas , Mohammed Adem Ousman , Eshetu Bruktawit , Gebreweld Angesom
Published: November 2022

Background

Clinical chemistry reference intervals are important tools for health evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring adverse events. Currently used reference intervals in most African countries including Ethiopia are mainly derived from Western populations, despite studies reporting differences that could lead to incorrect clinical decisions. The aim of this study was to establish reference intervals for commonly used clinical chemistry parameters for healthy adults in Northeast Ethiopia.

Methods

A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 328 apparently healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 57 years. Blood samples were collected for clinical chemistry analysis using Dirui CS-T240 auto-analyzer and serological testing to screen the population. Medians and 95% reference intervals were computed using non-parametric method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare reference values between males and females.

Results

Reference intervals established were: ALT 11.2–48.0 U/L, AST 16–60 U/L, ALP 53–342.3 U/L, total protein 5.4–8.9 mg/dL, total bilirubin 0.1–1.23 mg/dL, glucose 65–125 mg/dL, total cholesterol 69–213 mg/dL, triglycerides 46–207 mg/dL, creatinine 0.3–1.2 mg/dL and urea 9.5–46.3 mg/dL. Significant sex-differences were observed for ALT, AST, ALP, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and urea. We found that the established reference intervals substantially differ from the reference ranges currently in use. Up to 43.1% of apparently healthy adults are considered as having abnormal test values on the bases of the currently in use reference ranges. If the reference values from the United States based intervals were applied to the study population, 81.8% would have been classified as having abnormal laboratory test results.

Conclusions

Local population-specific reference intervals were established for commonly used clinical chemistry parameters in adult population of Northeast Ethiopia. Although further study is needed, these reference intervals may have the potential to facility the decision-making process based on laboratory test results in this population.
The impact of municipal solid waste sorting policy on air pollution: Evidence from Shanghai, China
Authors: Wang Yaopei , Shi Qingling
Published: November 2022

Municipal solid waste (MSW) sorting not only reduces the total quantity of domestic waste but also has positive effects on urban air quality. In this study, using a careful identification strategy and air quality data at the monitoring station level in Shanghai, we estimate the causal effect of the MSW sorting policy on urban air quality. The results show that after the MSW sorting policy was implemented, the air quality index (AQI), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) decreased significantly by 2.71%, 2.07% and 3.62%, respectively. We also find a positive spillover effect from the Shanghai MSW sorting policy on the air quality of adjacent cities. The implementation of this policy has triggered changes in residents’ behaviors. However, the government needs further efforts to maintain the sustainability of MSW sorting policies.
Materials aesthetics: A replication and extension study of the conceptual structure
Authors: Marschallek Barbara E. , Jacobsen Thomas
Published: November 2022

Natural occurrences and the choice of specific materials have a major impact on the experience of the physical environment. The results of a recent study using a free listing task involving only adjectives suggested that the conceptual structure of the aesthetics of materials is structured by sensorial, neutrally valenced, descriptive terms, while showing no primacy of beauty. The present article examined the conceptual structure underlying the aesthetic experience of various materials using a different methodological approach. Applying a technique based upon semantic differentials, individuals in the present study (n = 272) were asked to judge the applicability of the most frequently listed terms in the previous study to the aesthetics of different materials. Overall, the results of multiple analyses yielded a converging picture for the two studies. Additionally, as materials constitute the basis of complete entities, the role of products in the conceptual representation of the aesthetics of materials was investigated with an exploratory approach. No support was found for the hypothesis that products play such a role. Finally, limitations regarding the outcome of the present study are discussed. All things considered, the results of this study highlight the uniqueness of the aesthetics of materials and its distinctness from the conceptual representations underlying most other aesthetic domains.
Chew on this: Oral jaw shape is not correlated with diet type in loricariid catfishes
Authors: Black Corinthia R. , Armbruster Jonathan W.
Published: November 2022

The correlation between form and function is influenced by biomechanical constraints, natural selection, and ecological interactions. In many species of suction-feeding fishes, jaw shape has shown to be closely associated with diet. However, these correlations have not been tested in fishes that have more complex jaw functions. For example, the neotropical loricariid catfishes possess a ventrally facing oral disk, which allows for the oral jaws to adhere to surfaces to conduct feeding. To determine if jaw shape is correlated to diet type, we assessed oral jaw shape across 36 species using CT scans. Shape was quantified with traditional and automated landmarking in 3DSlicer, and diet type correlation was calculated using the phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) method. We found that traditional and automated processes captured shape effectively when all jaw components were combined. PGLS found that diet type did not correlate to jaw shape; however, there was a correlation between clades with diverse diets and fast evolutionary rates of shape. These results suggest that shape is not constrained to diet type, and that similarly shaped jaws coupled with different types of teeth could allow the fishes to feed on a wide range of materials.
Barriers and facilitators for adopting a healthy lifestyle in a multi-ethnic population: A qualitative study
Authors: Subramaniam Mythily , Devi Fiona , AshaRani P. V. , Zhang Yunjue , Wang Peizhi , Jeyagurunathan Anitha , Roystonn Kumarasan , Vaingankar Janhavi Ajit , Chong Siow Ann
Published: November 2022

A healthy lifestyle is defined as ‘a way of living that lowers the risk of being seriously ill or dying early.’ Although barriers and facilitators of healthy lifestyles have been well-studied among populations like those with chronic non-communicable diseases, adolescents, and older adults in Asia, less information is available on barriers and facilitators perceived by the general adult population. Using a qualitative methodology and leveraging the socio-ecological model, the current study aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators of a healthy lifestyle in a sample of Singapore residents. Overall, 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted in English and other local languages from August 2020 to March 2021. Transcripts were analysed using framework analysis. Five main themes pertaining to personal, interpersonal, environmental, socio-cultural, and policy-level factors were classified under the two overarching categories of barriers and facilitators of healthy lifestyles. The results of this study offer important insights into understanding the barriers and facilitators to the adoption of a healthy lifestyle among people in Singapore. Furthermore, our findings illustrate the complex interplay between individuals, social relationships, environment, and policy that can act as either a barrier or a facilitator to adopting a healthy lifestyle.
Humanistic luxury: The illusionary vehicle for change-making
Authors: Bernat Sara Emilia
Published: November 2022

The financial crisis of 2008 had pushed for the internalization of luxury and promoted a new wave of brands pioneering intrinsic values over opulent goods and services. Sitting in the peculiar intersection of humanism and luxury, humanistic luxury is a novel subcategory of ethical consumerism, one that combines social development and materially derived prestige. With a promise to preserve dying arts and crafts and uplift impoverished but deserving artisans, a new form of inconspicuous prestige consumption was born. This novel badge of honour, however, also introduced unprecedented considerations to the global social fabric. Humanistic luxury, an oxymoron that is too often overlooked, may help eliminate artisan vulnerability, but it also cements social hierarchies confirming who is ‘worthy’ and who is not, ultimately hindering social mobility on both local and global levels. Based on fourteen deep interviews conducted with humanistic luxury consumers across eleven countries, this article is tracing the origins of this new segment, exploring the social dynamics that set it in motion, outlining its social impacts and guiding academics to further research and industry professionals to a critical understanding of development and commerce. Humanistic luxury, as the findings of the research demonstrate, is a synthesis that arises from two oppositional ideas and serves as a reconciliation between haves and have-nots, ultimately providing a compromise between social sensitivity and vanity-driven status-seeking, affixing the same social hierarchy and related beliefs they already possess. While this symbolic segment yields consumers with the agency to improve the life of vulnerable populations, it ultimately fails to deliver on its promise of creating an egalitarian society, as it exclusively works with the ‘distant other’, maintaining local and global social order and the access to resources, as we know it.
Poker faces and smooth operators: The social space for women professionals in the Finnish screen industry in financing negotiations
Authors: Maskulin Nina , Talvio Raija
Published: November 2022

The article examines the positions of professional women in negotiations for early development in Finnish film and television production. According to recent studies, closed evaluation practices exclude women professionals and narrow the diversity of women’s representations and narratives on screen. We argue that women in the Finnish screen industry encounter prolonged psychological and economic constraints during their active careers. We analyse the qualitative data of 40 active professional women using Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of social space and symbolic power. We find that gender-based economic harm is constructed and implemented in the discourses of the institutionalized undervaluation of professional women’s work. Three recurring discourses shape the practice of decision-making in early development and position women professionals on the margins of the social space of the Finnish screen industry. The analysis illustrates the construction of gendered symbolic power in the Finnish screen industry that can be developed and applied to other national contexts.
Leaf photosynthetic capacity, trunk wood structure and stem xylem sap flow in 700-years old Quercus robur L.: a pilot study upon oak ‘Bartek’, a natural monument in Poland
Authors: Zajączkowska Urszula , Dąbrowski Piotr , Kowalczuk Waldemar , Tarwacki Grzegorz
Published: November 2022

Physiological studies of long-lived trees are particularly important at this time, especially in light of the need for trees to adapt to global climate change. The results of the present studies were obtained on an approximately 700-year-old Quercus robur L. – the ‘Bartek’ oak. The tree has to adapt to changing climatic conditions, starting from the transition between the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age, up to the present time of rapid global climate change. Tomograph imaging showed decay of the tree trunk interior and revealed that undamaged wood forms a thin layer around the trunk perimeter. Two series of experiments were carried out to assess the physiological state of the tree. The first concerned measurements related to photosynthetic capacity: chlorophyll a fluorescence, gas exchange (CO2 assimilation, transpiration), stomatal conductance and leaf water potential. The second series concerned xylem sap flow velocity and anatomical studies of stem wood. Photosynthetic capacity was within the limits reported for young healthy trees. The diurnal pattern of velocity of xylem sap flow was also typical for young vigorous trees and flow velocity correlated positively with solar radiation and negatively with air relative humidity. Anatomical observations of the outermost wood showed relatively narrow annuals rings with large diameter earlywood vessels. The results indicate that the veteran tree does not show signs of water stress probably due to a good balance of water flow and that leaf area of the canopy needs only the current ring of wood to feed transpiration of the canopy.
THE MULTI-FACTOR CONTROL AND EVALUATION OF HIGHWAY SOFT SOIL SUBGRADE STABILITY
Authors: Zhang Ming , Li Nan-nan , Yang Min
Published: November 2022

When the surcharge preloading method is used in the treatment of soft soil subgrade, it is necessary to squeeze for more preloading drainage consolidation time under the premise of controlling the subgrade stability during the filling period. Considering the mutation of each monitoring indices and their interrelation when instability occurs in the fill subgrade, the inflection point analysis method through monitoring indices to control the subgrade stability comprehensively was proposed in this paper. The thin-layer rotary adding method was used to determine the ultimate filling depth and the loading plan for the highway soft soil subgrade during the filling period, with the inflection point analysis method in analyzing and evaluating the subgrade stability. The results showed that: (1) The ultimate fill height of the subgrade sections was obtained from the stability analysis results on the basis of the three indices of pore water pressure increment, settlement and lateral displacement, which was close to the prediction results of the thin-layer rotary adding method. (2) The stability control standard of the subgrade construction in the filling method was that the single-stage pore pressure coefficient should be within 1.2. (3) The subgrade stability control standard contained the maximum settlement rate of 20mm/d and the maximum lateral displacement rate of 3mm/d. (4) The geotextile setting in the highway subgrade effectively improved the ultimate bearing capacity of the subgrade, reduced the lateral displacement, improved the anti-slip stability, and increased the ultimate filling height and filling rate.
Ahdāfu Ta’līmi al-lughah al ‘arabiyāh fī manhaji alfaīn wa tsalātsata ‘asyara (dirāsah tahlīlīyah ‘ala ma’āyīr ‘ālamīyah: aurūbīyah wa amrīkīyah)
Authors: Hanifah Umi , Zainal Abidin Hajib
Published: November 2022

One of the determinants of the success of learning Arabic for non-Arabic is the clarity of learning objectives according to their level. In this study, the reseacher described the goal of learning Arabic for non-Arabic in the West (Europe and America), and in Indonesia according to the 2013 curriculum. This paper uses a qualitative approach. Data obtained from various sources of literature and related documents. After describing the goal of learning Arabic for non-Arabic in European, American and Indonesian, the reseacher analyzed it with descriptive analysis. The results show that the purpose of learning Arabic in Indonesia as stated in the 2013 curriculum has not yet referred to a certain level, while the goal of learning Arabic in the West has been formulated according to its position as a foreign language and according to each level. It is hoped that this study will initiate curriculum developers in Indonesia, to formulate the objectives and standards of learning Arabic in accordance with its position as a foreign language in Indonesia according to its level. So that learning Arabic in Indonesia can be equal to learning Arabic at the international level as in Europe and America.

Keywords: 2013 Curriculum, Indonesia and the West, Learning Arabic, Learning Objectives

 

Abstrak

Salah satu faktor penentu suksesnya pembelajaran bahasa Arab untuk non-Arab-adalah tujuan pembelajaran yang jelas dan sesuai dengan levelnya. Problematika yang terjadi di Indonesia selama ini adalah, rendahnya kemampuan para pendidik dalam merumuskan tujuan pembelajaran bahasa Arab untuk non-Arab secara tepat. Dalam kajian ini, penulis mendeskripsikan tujuan pembelajaran bahasa Arab untuk non-Arab, di Barat (Eropa dan Amerika), dan di Indonesia (kurikulum 2013). Dengan demikian, kajian ini sangat penting bagi para pendidik bahasa Arab dalam memahami bagaimana merumuskan tujuan pembelajaran bahasa Arab untuk non-Arab. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Setelah mendeskripsikan tujuan pembelajaran bahasa Arab untuk non-Arab di Barat (Eropa dan Amerika) dan di Indonesia, penulis menganalisisnya dengan deskripstif analisis. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa tujuan pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Indonesia sebagaimana tertera dalam kurikulum 2013 belum mengacu pada tingkatan atau level tertentu. Sedangkan tujuan pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Barat, telah dirumuskan sesuai dengan posisinya sebagai bahasa Asing dan sesuai dengan level masing-masing. Diharapkan kajian ini dapat menginisiasi para pengembang kurikulum di Indonesia, untuk merumuskan tujuan pembelajaran bahasa Arab dan standarisasinya sesuai dengan posisinya sebagai bahasa Asing di Indonesia dan sesuai dengan levelnya, sehingga pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Indonesia dapat sejajar dengan pembelajaran bahasa Arab level internasional sebagaimana di Eropa dan Amerika.

Kata Kunci:  Indonesia dan Barat, Kurikulum 2013, Pembelajaran bahasa Arab, Tujuan Pembelajaran
The Use of Student Worksheets on Arabic Learning Outcomes / Istikhdām Waraqah al-Tadrībāt ‘Alā Natījah Ta’allum al-Lughah al-Arabiyyah
Authors: Hikmah Nur Fitriani
Published: November 2022

This research aims to know the effectiveness of using the worksheet student on learning Arabic and revealing the motivating and obstacle factors for eighth-grade students at Darul Ulum Islamic Junior High School Ngaliyan Semarang. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The researcher calculated using simple symbols to know the worksheet student's effectiveness by the student's results in the final exam. As a result of this research, the percentage of the successful student in the 8th grade "A" is 11.5 percent, and the student who has not achieved the minimum completeness criteria is 88.4%. The percentage of the successful student in the 8th grade “B” is 4%, and the student who has not achieved the minimum completeness criteria is 96%. And the 8th grade "C," there is no student who has completed minimum completion. Therefore, from the data of the previous three chapters, it is indicated that the high percentage of students who did not pass and the lower percentage the successful student. The researcher considers that using the exercises sheet on the result of learning the Arabic language at Dar Al Ulum Islamic Junior High School Ngaliyan Semarang is ineffective. The success of learning depends on using the worksheet student and many factors that affect the result of learning in terms of objectives, educational method, teacher, students, material, teaching aids, and everything that defends education to obtain success.

Keywords: Learning Arabic, Result of Learning, Worksheet Student.

الملخص

يهدف هذا البحث لمعرفة فعالية استخدام ورقة التدريبات على نتيجة تعلم اللغة العربية وكشف العوامل الدافعة والعائقة في استخدام ورقة التدريبات في تعليم اللغة العربية لدى طلاب الصف الثامن بمدرسة دار العلوم المتوسطة الإسلامية سمارانج. نوع هذا البحث هو البحث الوصف الكيفي. وقامت الباحثة بإجراء العمليات الحسابية باستخدام الرموز البسيطة لمعرفة فعالية استخدام ورقة التدريبات بنتيجة الامتحان في آخر السنة الدراسية. ونتيجة هذا البحث نسبة الطالب الناجح  في الفصل الثامن أ هي 11,5 بالمائة، والطالب الذي لم يحصل على الكمال حد الأدنى هو 88,4 بالمائة. ونسبة الطالب الناجح في الفصل الثامن ب هي 4 بالمائة، والطالب الذي لم يحصل على الكمال حد الأدنى هو 96 بالمائة. وأما في الفصل الثامن ج فلا طالب الذي حصل على كمال حد الأدنى. فلذلك، من بيانات ثلاثة فصول السابقة تدل أن النسبة المئوية المرتفعة على الطالب الذي لم ينجح وبالنسبة المئوية السفيلة على الطالب الناجح. تعتبر الباحثة أن استخدام ورقة التدريبات على نتيجة تعلم اللغة العربية بمدرسة دار العلوم المتوسطة الإسلامية نجاليان سمارانج غير فعال. ليس نجاح التعليم من ناحية استخدام ورقة التدريبات فقط، ولكن كثيرا من العوامل التى تؤثر على نتيجة التعليم من ناحية الأهداف والطريقة التعليمية والمدرس والطلاب والمادة والوسائل التعليمية وكل ما يدافع التعليم للحصول على النجاح.

الكلمات الرئيسية: ورقة التدريبات، نتيجة التعلم، تعليم اللغة العربية.
Tathwīr al-Mādatu an-Nahwiyah bi al-Madkhal Tafā ‘ulī li Tarqiati Fahmi Jumalu al-Lughoh al-‘Arobiyyah / The Developing of Nahwu in The Interactive Approach to Improve The Understanding of The Structure of The Arabic Language
Authors: Lailatul Zuhriyah  , Arwan Rifa’i
Published: November 2022

Nahwu learning model in many educational  institutions, including at islamic schools level, is still traditional based on theory of behaviorism in which students are passive in the learning process so that it affects students' low motivation and ability to apply the Nahwu theory learned to Arabic language skills. Therefore, Nahwu learning should be designed based on the interactive methode to make students more active in the learning process so that their learning motivation and outcomse can increase,   especially to improve learning in science and social studies majors in reading text Arabics discourse by nahwu at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 3 Kandangan Kediri. The research and development methode used the Borg and Gall development model.  Produce the design of learning nahwu on high order  the understanding text skills with concept maps, songs, and  sentence of arabic  games.  And the results of the research: based on the evaluation of experts, the teacher and the students that the validity of the model is “very good” (94.03% and 91.47%) for the design expert, the book and the compiler of the result is the grammar expert “good” (82.85% and 80.71), 83 , 03% of the students, then the t-statistic result = 4,021 and the result from the t-cound found that the result = 1,998 at the 5% moral level, and 2,655 at the 1% level. And because the statistic result of 4,021 is greater than the result at the moral level 5%.

Keywords: Development, Nahwu, Interactive Approach, The Sentence’s Of Arabic Language.

ملخص

 نموذج تدريس النحو في كثير من  التربوية بما في ذلك المستوى المدارسي  الإسلامي لا يزال تقليديا القائم على النظرية السلوكية حيث أن موقف الطلبة غير متفاعلين في عملية التعليم والتعلم، حتى يؤثر إلى انخافض دافعية الطلبة وقدراتهم في تطبيق علوم النحو التي تمت دراستها لمهارتهم العربية. ثم لابد من أن يصمم تدريس النحو القائم على المدخل التفاعلي ي يكون الدارس أكثر تفاعلا في علمية التعليم والتعلم حتى ترفع دافعية الطلبة وتحصيلهم الدراسي، الأفضال ترقية فهم النص العربي  للطلبة الأولى بقسم  العلوم الطبعية والعلوم الإجتماعية  بألة علم النحو في المدرسة الإسلامية الحكومية 3 كاندانجان كديري.  يسخدم  هذا البحث والتطوير  نموذج تطوير Borg & Gall. وإنتاج تصميم تعليم النحو العربي بناء على مهارات فهم النصوص العربية  بإستخدام جدوال النحو  والغناء ولعبة النحو أولا.  وأما نتائج البحث: بناء على تقييم الخبراء والمدرس ولطلبة أن صدق النموذج "جيد جدا" (94،03% و 91،47%) لخبير التصميم الكتاب ومعدو النتيجة خبير مادة النحو "جيد" (82،85% و 80،71) و 83،03% من الطلاب، ثم وجدت نتيجة   t الإحصائ = 4,021 والنتيجة من t-table  أن نتيجة = 1،998 في المستوى المعنوي 5%، و 2،655 في المستوى 1%. ولأنه نتيجة الإحصائي 4,021 أكبر من نتيجة في المستوى المعنوي 5%.

الكلمات المفاتحية : تطوير، المادة النحوية، المدخل التفاعلي،  جمال اللغة العربية
Penerapan, Kelebihan, dan Kelemahan Teka-teki Silang sebagai Instrumen Penilaian Formatif Kemampuan Pasif-Reseptif Kosakata Bahasa Arab Siswa/The Application, Strengths, and Weaknesses of Crossword Puzzles as a Formative Assessment Instrument for Students
Authors: Ummi Nafi'ah  , Afdhal Fikri Mirma  , Zera Ilhami
Published: November 2022

This study examines the application of crossword puzzles as an assessment instrument because, researchers have the assumption that crossword puzzles have the potential as a formative assessment instrument for elementary school (SD) level. In this study, the authors use a mixed method research which begins with quantitative research and is refined with qualitative research. Quantitative in the form of experiments while qualitative uses descriptive analysis to support the experiments carried out. The research steps were carried out in three stages, namely the preparation, implementation and data analysis stages. Furthermore, there are five kinds of assessment instrument feasibility tests in this study, namely validity, reliability, objectivity, practicality, and economic tests. For the validity test there are some that are invalid so that they become a reference for researchers to see student competence and improve learning for the future, and the reliability test gets a high score of 0.825. Thus, Crossword Puzzle as  formative assessment instrument in this research is said to be feasible as a formative assessment instrument in assessing students' passive-receptive vocabulary skills.

Keywords: Crossword Puzzle, Formative Assessment Instrument, Arabic Vocabulary

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang pengaplikasian teka-teki silang sebagai instrumen penilaian  karena peneliti memiliki asumsi bahwa media teka-teki silang berpotensi sebagai instrumen penilaian formatif untuk tingkat Sekolah Dasar (SD). Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan jenis penelitian mix method yang diawali dengan penelitian kuantitatif dan disempurnakan dengan penelitian kualitatif. Kuantitatif dengan bentuk eksperimen sedangkan kualitatif menggunakan analisis deksriptif untuk mendukung eksprimen yang dilakukan. Langkah-langkah penelitian yang dilakukan sebanyak tiga tahap, yaitu tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan analisis data. Lebih lanjut, terdapat lima macam uji kelayakan instrumen penilaian dalam penelitian ini, yaitu uji validitas, reliabilitas, objektivitas, praktikalitas, dan ekonomis. Untuk uji validitas terdapat beberapa yang tidak valid, sehingga menjadi acuan peneliti untuk melihat kompetensi siswa  dan memperbaiki pembelajaran untuk kedepannya dan uji reabilitas mendapatkan nilai yang tinggi yaitu 0,825. Maka, Teka-teki Silang (TTS) sebagai instumen penilaian formatif dalam penelitian ini diyatakan layak sebagai instrumen penilaian formatif dalam menilai kemampuan pasif-reseptif kosakata siswa.

Kata Kunci: Teka-Teki Silang, Instrumen Penilaian Formatif, Kosakata Bahasa Arab
Implementation of Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) Learning Methods to Improve Nahwu Learning Outcomes for Class 4 Students at KMI Darussalam Gontor Modern Islamic Boarding School for Girls
Authors: Ihwan Mahmudi  , Alfi Sammay , Azhar Nor
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) method in improving the learning outcomes of Naḥwu for KMI Islamic Boarding School Darussalam Gontor Students. The research subjects were students of KMI class 4E. This research uses classroom action research (CAR) with Kemmis and McTaggart models. The research was conducted in three cycles, and each cycle consisted of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results of the study showed that the application of theStudent Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) method couldimprove the learning outcomes of Naḥwu students of Kulliyyatu l-Mu'allimat Al-Islamiyah (KMI) Islamic Boarding School Darussalam Gontor for Girls campus onethe academic year 1440-1441 H. Although there was a decline at the cycle stage 2 after being developed and improved again, the Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) method can significantly increase the value of student learning outcomes. It can increase student activity in the learning process. Student learning outcomes in the first cycle with an average of 85, in the second cycle with an average of 83.1, and in the third cycle with an average of 90.45. These results indicate that the average cycle I to cycle II decreased and increased after the third cycle was held.

Keywords: Learning Methods, Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD), Learning Outcomes, Naḥwu.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas metode Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar Naḥwu pada Siswi KMI Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. Subjek penelitian adalah siswi KMI kelas 4E. Penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan model Kemmis dan McTaggart. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga siklus, dan setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu: perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Naḥwu siswi Kulliyyatu-l-Mu’allimat Al-Islamiyah (KMI) Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Putri kampus 1 tahun ajaran 1440-1441 H. Meskipun terjadi penurunan pada tahap siklus 2 namun setelah dikembangkan dan diperbaiki kembali metode Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) dapat meningkatkan secara signifikan nilai hasil belajar siswa dan dapat meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Hasil belajar siswi pada siklus I dengan rata-rata 85, pada siklus II dengan rata-rata 83,1, dan pada siklus III  dengan rata-rata 90,45. Dari hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa rata-rata siklus I ke siklus II menurun, dan setelah diadakan siklus III mengalami peningkatan.

Kata Kunci: Metode Pembelajaran, Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD), Hasil Belajar, Naḥwu.
Ta‘zῑz Al-Qayyim al-Akhlāqiyyah Bi Istirātijiyyah Al-Tawāṣul Asnā’a Ta‘lῑm Al-Lugah Al-‘Arabiyyah Fi ‘Asr Al-Ta‘allumi Al-Mustaqilli Bi Ma‘had Dāru as-Salām Jombang
Authors: Qomariyah Lailatul , Akhmad Sauqi Ahya  , Adam Ibrahim Faishol Mahmud
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study is to describe the speaking strategies in strengthening character values at learning arabic at the independent learning’s era in Darus Salam Islamic Boarding School.This research was designed with a qualitative approach, with the type of case study. A method for collecting data by observations in teaching Arabic language, and documenting the teacher's speech act’s strategy, and interviewing the context of these teacher’s actsand is analyzed by interactive model analysis. The results of this research are, strengthening character values by the communication strategy with two strategies: A) the direct strategy with five functions, 1) the request, 2) the command, 3) the invitation, 4) The hope, 5) The advice; b) the indirect strategy has two functions, 1) The request, and 2) The command. The results of this study contribute to the teacher's communication strategy in using appropriate verbal verbs as an attempt to build students who have a moral character and become more interactive and communicative learning while teaching Arabic. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the following research to understand moral values through the educational materials for writing skill that include moral values in them in Arabic learning.

Keywords: Character Value, Independent Learning, Speaking Strategies

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi bertutur dalam penguatan nilai karakter Pada pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Darus Salam Jombang di era Merdeka Belajar. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan jenis studi kasus. Metode pengumpulan data dengan observasi pembelajaran bahasa Arab, dan mendokumentasikan strategi tindak tuturnya, dan mewawancarai kontekstersebut dan Kemudian dianalisis dengan analisis model interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah, penguatan nilai karakter melalui strategi bertutur dengan dua strategi: A) strategi langsung dengan enam fungsi, 1) permintaan, 2) perintah, 3) ajakan, 4) Harapan, 5 ) Nasihat; b) strategi tidak langsung memiliki dua fungsi, 1) Permintaan, 2) Perintah. Hasil penelitian ini berkontribusi pada strategi bertutur guru dalam menggunakan tindak tutur yang tepat sebagai upaya untuk membentuk siswa yang memiliki nilai karakter dan menjadi pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif dan komunikatif. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian berikut untuk memahami nilai-nilai karakter melalui materi pendidikan keterampilan menulis yang memuat nilai-nilai karakter di dalamnya pembelajaran bahasa Arab.

Kata kunci: Nilai Karakter, Merdeka Belajar, Strategi Bertutur
EVALUATION OF MAIL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AT BRAWIJAYA UNIVERSITY USING THE HOT-FIT MODEL APPROACH
Authors: Hendrawan Muhammad Rosyihan , Maulana Rizqi
Published: November 2022

Mail activities are considered a highly essential information source for an agency. In short, mail must be adequately governed to maintain the high-value information that lies in it. In this era, mail governance has massively involved technologies in the mail management system. In the Brawijaya University Head Office, the correspondence governance has been managed with the assistance of an information system on correspondence management named Smart Collaborative Office (SCO). In practice, some barriers lead to the optimal implementation of this SCO. Therefore, this research evaluates SCO implementation to discover the supporting factors and barriers to implementing information systems in mail management. This research aims to perform an in-depth evaluation of the implementation of the SCO. And the research objectives are to discover the analysis result based on the HOT-Fit Model and the supportive and barrier factor of the SCO implementation in the Head Office of Brawijaya University. This research used an evaluative method with a qualitative approach. The evaluation model uses the HOT-Fit Model, with 35 people as a sample. The data collection uses questionnaires, interviews, observation, documentation, and literature study. The data was analyzed with a measurement model and structural model. The research shows that SCO implementation receives support from the higher-ups, easy-to-learn and easy-to-modified, support the multi-platform, with local and mandatory characteristics. However, the SCO still lacked advantages. One of them is inequal basic training for the users. The developer's competence with a lack of specialization in document or records management, unclean software-generated output, and sometimes, the software result data is not by the input data.
ANALISIS KETERBUKAAN DOKUMEN REKAM MEDIS PASIEN COVID-19 DALAM MENDUKUNG DATA RISET KESEHATAN (STUDI LITERATUR)
Authors: Hariri Amri
Published: November 2022

The medical record document (DRM) of COVID-19 patients is public information of a special nature. The openness of DRM for COVID-19 patients in supporting health data research is very important in the future. This study aims to determine the medical record documents in guaranteeing the identity of COVID-19 patients, as well as to describe the impact of DRM on COVID-19 patients in supporting health data research. The method of this research is qualitative with a literature study approach. Scientific literature searches are carried out through the help of a web-based paper link system. The results of this study suggest that DRM for COVID-19 patients used for health research data needs can be carried out by considering the rights of patients, medical staff, and hospitals by applicable legal provisions. Furthermore, researchers must involve the Health Research Ethics Commission (KEPK) to conduct ethical studies on health research. The impact of medical access for COVID-19 patients on the quality of health care and services, increasing public knowledge in dealing with future pandemics, and new knowledge of health in the world.
El rediseño de la política inmigratoria destinada a influjos venezolanos en países de Suramérica (2017-2022)
Authors: Al Nijjar Salloum Sandra
Published: November 2022

Frente al éxodo venezolano, doce países latinoamericanos han implementado restricciones migratorias: ¿qué factores explicaron este rediseño de las políticas de inmigración? La hipótesis de trabajo plantea que la presión migratoria de influjos masivos vulnerables, conducirá al rediseño de la política. El mix de instrumentos restringirá el ingreso y flexibilizará el componente de regularización. El factor condicionante clave es la previsión acerca de la capacidad del Estado receptor para absorber el choque migratorio. Mediante un estudio comparativo de tres países se identifican estos factores explicativos, estudiando el contexto y las condiciones que configuraron la respuesta. En Colombia, el caso desviante, el análisis costo-beneficio entre la restricción fronteriza y la integración inmigratoria explican la apertura. En Ecuador, la transformación de su perfil migratorio y la previsión de capacidades de política, explicaron la respuesta adoptada. En Perú, ideas acerca del vínculo migración-desarrollo, previsiones de capacidad y la estructura institucional semipresidencialista, explicaron su política.
Penyebaran Informasi Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas pada Akun @infokejadiansemarang melalui Instagram
Authors: Ikhsan Maulana Robani , Irhandayaningsih Ana
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebaran informasi kecelakaan lalu lintas pada akun @infokejadiansemarang melalui Instagram. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara semi terstruktur, observasi partisipatif pasif, dan studi dokumentasi. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendiri sekaligus admin dari @infokejadiansemarang serta 10 informan yang pernah melakukan penyebaran informasi di akun @infokejadiansemarang. Observasi dilakukan dengan cara ikut menjadi pengikut akun Instagram @infokejadiansemarang sehingga peneliti dapat mengamati setiap konten kecelakaan lalu lintas yang diunggah oleh @infokejadiansemarang. Metode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penyebaran informasi mengenai kecelakaan lalu lintas yang dilakukan oleh @infokejadiansemarang cukup baik dilakukan. Hal tersebut terlihat dari cara pengelola akun @infokejadiansemarang memanfaatkan fitur-fitur yang ada di Instagram dengan sangat baik seperti pemanfaatan Instagram story yang digunakan untuk mengunggah ulang informasi kecelakaan yang menandai @infokejadiansemarang, pemanfaatan Instagram feed sebagai penyebaran informasi kecelakaan yang perlu diolah terlebih dahulu, dan pemanfaatan Instagram TV untuk menyebarkan hasil pressrelease yang dikeluarkan oleh kepolisian. Pengelola akun @infokejadiansemarang dalam proses pengolahan dan penyajian informasi sangat memperhatikan hal-hal penting seperti kejelasan informasi, privasi korban, sudut pengambilan gambar dan pemberian frasa unik.
Peran Pustakawan Sekolah dalam Manajemen Infodemik Covid-19 Siswa SMP Negeri 2 Semarang
Authors: Pambayun Maharatri , Dewi Athanasia Octaviani Puspita
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang peran pustakawan sekolah dalam manajemen infodemik Covid-19 siswa SMP Negeri 2 Semarang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan wawancara semi terstruktur dengan empat (4) narasumber dari SMP Negeri 2 Semarang sebagai informan untuk pengumpulan data. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan thematic analysis untuk mengidentifikasi pola perilaku informan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tiga tema terkait peran pustakawan sekolah dalam manajemen infodemik Covid-19 siswa SMP Negeri 2 Semarang. Ketiga tema tersebut adalah pelayanan perpustakaan, pengalaman informasi, dan peran pustakawan dalam manajemen infodemik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pustakawan SMP Negeri 2 Semarang sudah melakukan tindakan terkait dengan manajemen infodemik Covid-19 di dalam lingkungan sekolah tersebut yang sejalan dengan pendapat Eysenbach tentang empat pilar manajemen infodemik. Tiga pilar yaitu Pemantauan informasi, Membangun eHealth Literacy dan kapasitas literasi sains, dan Mendorong penyempurnaan pengetahuan dan proses peningkatan kualitas pengecekan fakta dan tinjauan sejawat sudah dilaksanakan oleh pustakawan dengan baik. Namun pilar ke empat yaitu akurat dan tepat waktu dalam penerjemahan pengetahuan, meminimalkan faktor-faktor yang mendistorsi seperti pengaruh politik atau komersial belum terlaksana dengan baik.
Knowledge Sharing pada Community of Practice Korean Center Universitas Diponegoro
Authors: Desyana Fanny Fachri , Ganggi Roro Isyawati Permata
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana knowledge sharing di dalam Korean Center Universitas Diponegoro di dalam perannya sebagai suatu community of practice. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Teknik pengambilan data penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan studi literatur. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Adapun 5 informan telah diwawancarai. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa knowledge sharing pada community of practice merupakan satu kesatuan di Korean Center. Komponen dari community of practice yaitu domain, community, dan practice masing-masing berkaitan dengan faktor terjadinya knowledge sharing yaitu faktor organisasi, faktor individu, dan faktor teknologi. Domain melatarbelakangi community yaitu sekumpulan orang yang aktif didalam komunitas dan menciptakan faktor-faktor organisasi yang terdiri dari sumber daya manusia dan budaya organisasi. Domain dan community tersebut membutuhkan sistem yang dapat membantu memudahkan setiap kegiatan practice yang rutin diselenggarakan. Terdapat tiga komponen penting dari Korean Center sebagai community of practice, yaitu dasar minat dan ketertarikan anggota sebagai domain, keanggotaan sebagai community, dan kegiatan praktik untuk meningkatkan kemampuan sebagai practice.
JUSTICE IS NOT BLIND: MODERNISME VERSUS POSTMODERNISME
Authors: Natalis Aga
Published: November 2022

Ilmu (termasuk ilmu hukum) pada akhir abad ke-20 menghadapi perubahan yang sangat radikal, yaitu dari Modernisme menuju Postmodernisme. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk untuk mengkritisi konsep Blind Justice (Modernisme) dalam rangka membangun Justice is not Blind (Postmodernisme). Pengaruh Modernisme melahirkan konsep hukum yang buta, ini merupakan sebuah pengakuan bahwa hukum itu cacat sejak awal, karena hukum kemudian dipahami sebagai sebuah institusi yang objektif dan jauh dari persoalan dan kepentingan manusia. Melalui semangat Postmodernisme, hukum tidak lagi dipahami sebagai lembaga yang buta (blind), objektif, dan netral, melainkan hukum dipahami sebagai sebuah institusi yang yang tidak buta (not blind), subjektif, dan berpihak. Hukum yang tidak buta (Justice is Not Blind) bekerja dalam dimensi intelektual, moral, dan spiritual manusia, untuk mencari makna tentang dirinya.