bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-phase distributed generations for power balanced using adaptive real coded genetic algorithm
Authors: Umar Umar , Faanzir Faanzir , Iswan Iswan , Rasyid Ramly , Rahman Muhammad Natsir , Khairan Amal , Haryati Haryati
Published: December 2023

Easy access to distributed generation (DG) technology is promoting the utilization of single-phase DGs for residential purposes. Surplus energy generated by household DGs can be shared or sold to other communities through existing networks. However, the interconnection of single-phase DGs from residential generators to the distribution network requires careful handling to secure the reliability and quality of the electric power system. This paper focuses on the optimal placement of single-phase multi-type DGs on unbalanced distribution systems that are connected to nonlinear loads. The objective of this study is to minimize the power losses and voltage unbalances in the distribution networks. To verify the efficacy of this method in reducing voltage unbalances and harmonics, an optimization approach is also presented using three-phase DG. Optimal placement of DG is performed on a modified Kaliasin distribution system using an adaptive real coded genetic algorithm (ARC-GA). Simulation results demonstrate that the installation of single-phase DGs is highly effective in reducing power losses and voltage unbalances in the distribution networks.
Nine level switched capacitor inverter with level shifted pulse width modulation approach
Authors: Arun Vijayakumar , Prasad Thunga Nageswara , Prabhu Sundaramoorthy , Ashokkumar Nagarajan
Published: December 2023

This article proposes a nine-level switched capacitor inverter (NLSCI) with a minimum number of switches. In recent years, switching capacitor (SC) multilevel inverters (MLIs) have become one of the most common inverter topologies. These proposed nine level switched capacitor inverter (NLSCI) do not deserve any external control unit for capacitor control. Since, the charging and discharging of the capacitors are controlled by the on and off states of switches. Furthermore, by employing fewer switches and DC voltage sources, the suggested design produces a greater amount of resultant voltage. Additionally, pulse width modulation (PWM) is recommended as a method to enhance output quality and power level quality. The switched-capacitor two-output multilevel inverter (SCMLI) structure's viability and effectiveness have been demonstrated using MATLAB simulation.
Reliability analysis of an automated radial distribution feeder for different configurations and considering the effect of forecasted electrical vehicle charging stations
Authors: Rekha V. Swarna , Vidyasagar E.
Published: December 2023

In the future, the expansion of electrical vehicles is becoming more prevalent, which requires electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS), and at the same time, distribution automation and smart grid technology will be implemented as part of the reforms in the distribution system. This paper reviews the effect of the increased EVCS, which causes an increase in the magnitude of current and moderates the average failure rate of feeder sections. The implementation of distribution automation and a smart grid reduces the average restoration time, thereby increasing the reliability of the distribution system. The number of electrical vehicles (EVs) for the years 2025 and 2030 is forecasted using Holt's model, and the corresponding average failure rate of feeder sections is calculated. The average switching time for adopting distribution automation and smart grid technology is taken as 5 seconds and 20 milliseconds, respectively. The voltages, power losses, and reliability indices are calculated assuming the EV charging points are located with equal capacity at all load buses for different configurations of radial feeders. The results are compared with the reliability indices of the feeder of all the configurations in the absence of EV charging station loads, automation, and smart grid technology. This work is validated on a standard IEEE 33 test bus system.
Impact of electric vehicle charging station on power quality
Authors: Arjun M. S. , Mohan N. , Sathish K. R. , Patil Arunkumar , Thanmayi G.
Published: December 2023

Global warming has led to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EV). With the increasing use of electric vehicles, it is very important to understand the impact of electric vehicle charging. Electric vehicle charging station has a serious effect on the power quality of the local power distribution network, and it cannot be ignored. The electric vehicle charger is a type of non-linear load. This non-linearity introduces harmonics into the charging station. Therefore, a high-efficiency charger in the power grid is required. This research work aims to build a charging station model to analyze the effect of EV chargers on power quality and then shunt active power filter (SAPF) based on P-Q theory and synchronous reference frame (SRF). Theory is implemented in the system to suppress harmonics. The simulation will be carried out under two cases, without active power filter (APF) and with APF when number of chargers associated to the charging station. The simulation results of both the methods will be compared and verify the effectiveness of proposed method. The simulation will be done using the MATLAB/Simulink software.
Simulation analysis of electric vehicle charging station using hybrid sources
Authors: Shriwastava Rakesh , Kadlag Sunil Somnath , Pawase Ramesh , Dhikale Swati B. , Chavan Salim , Patil Hemant R. Bhagat , Chaudhari Jagdish G. , Sonawane Pratap Ramesh
Published: December 2023

This paper described simulation analysis of electric vehicle (EV) charging station using hybrid sources. This paper highlights electric vehicle charging station with photovoltaic panels, batteries, and diesel generator. This study employs a solar, battery, diesel generator set, and grid electric vehicle charging station to provide continuous charging in is landed, grid-linked, and Diesel generator (DG) set connected modes. By utilizing a solar and battery, the charging of battery in electric vehicle application is the primary objective If the storage battery is poor and there is no solar generation, The mode of charging automatically shifted to grid or diesel generator set. Furthermore, the charging station manages the generator voltage and frequency without the need of a mechanical speed governor in conjunction with the storage battery. The demand is nonlinear at unity power factor (UPF). For continuous charging, power used from the grid or the DG set and it is synchronized to the grid/generator voltage by the point of common coupling voltage. To boost charging station operating efficiency, the charging station also performs all power transfer from car to grid, vehicle to house, and vehicle to vehicle.
Series and shunt FACTS controllers based optimal reactive power dispatch
Authors: Kar Manoj Kumar , Parida R. N. Ramakant , Dash Subhasis
Published: December 2023

Optimal reactive power dispatch involves the determination and management of reactive power resources in a power system to maintain voltage stability, improve power transfer capability, and minimize system losses. Reactive power is essential for maintaining voltage levels within acceptable limits and ensuring the reliable operation of electrical networks. The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) has been proposed to obtain the optimal location of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) components. The efficacy of WOA is tested using conventional IEEE 14 and 30 bus test systems. Static var compensator (SVC) is used as shunt and the thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) as a series FACTS controller. The analysis is carried out for both the systems with and without FACTS controllers. Optimization techniques are applied to select the optimal control parameters. The suggested strategy is compared to other contemporary techniques such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and grey wolf optimization (GWO). At various loading situations, the WOA-based technique outperforms other two techniques.
A novel SIMIDCBC topology driven PMSM for PEV application
Authors: Kumar Chinta Anil , Jothinathan Kandasamy , Rao Lingineni Shanmukha
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, the usage of renewable energy based electric vehicles is increased for reducing CO2 emissions, usage of fossil fuels, energy saving, and transportation cost. As a result, it becomes the most significantly run with combined energy sources and it is good choice which minimizes the energy consumption from charging stations. The available renewable energy is integrated to power-train through power-electronic interface; such interface consists of three-phase inverter with DC-DC boost converter. The combined energy sources like solar-PV/battery are integrated to power-train by employing multi-input non-isolated step-up DC-DC converter for providing continuous power to drive the vehicle. The multi-terminal topologies have efficient, reliable performance, continuous input current, high step-up gain over the conventional DC-DC converters. In this work, a unique framework of combined energy powered switched-inductor based multi-input DC boost converter topology has been proposed to drive the PMSM. The performance of proposed SIMIDCBC topology driven PMSM for PEV application under constant and variable speed conditions are verified by using MATLAB/Simulink tool, simulation results are presented.
Time-series trendline and curve-fitting-based approach to short-term electricity demand forecasting
Authors: Anichebe Ifeanyi Benitus , Ekwue Arthur Obiora , Obe Emeka Simon
Published: December 2023

Electricity load demand forecasting and its accuracy is an important process for utility planning, maintenance, scheduling, operation, and control in power systems. Historical data are also very vital in demand forecasting processes. This study examined weekly electricity demand forecasting model using trendline methods which include linear trendline, moving average, exponential smoothing, quadratic, and logarithmic trends. The calculations and analysis were carried out using Microsoft Excel. The results were compared using known performance evaluation metrics such as mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE). Cubic root mean error (CRME) was introduced as a performance evaluation metric. The hybrid (quadratic-logarithmic) method was found to outperform the other individual trendline methods. This method produced the lowest value of MAPE, RMSE, and CRME representing 14.41%, 14.68%, and 14.65% respectively which indicated that hybrid model performs better than individual models operating separately when used in forecasting.
Dental caries management by risk assessment among children
Authors: Damyanova Dobrinka Mitkova , Atanasova Siyana
Published: December 2023

Dental caries is the highest-frequency oral disease. The purpose of this study is to assess the risk of developing dental caries for groups of children aged three to six in the city of Varna, Bulgaria, taking into account clinical risk factors. The population of this study included 300 children aged 3 to 6 years. Hence, as many 30 children for the experimental and 30 children for the control groups were included in the study with saliva tests. After that, standardized means of decayed, filled surfaces (DFS) index was estimated. The teeth of the children in the experimental group were covered for three months with Clinpro™ White Varnish. The Research Ethics Committee at the MU-Varna University approved the study. We applied the Greene and Vermillion oral hygiene index. Biostatistics was conducted with a specialized package for statistical analyzes was used StatSoft, STATISTICA manual (Software system for data analysis STATISTICA 10.0, 2010. The results in our study show the strong influence of carbohydrate nutrition and poor oral hygiene on the development and progression of the caries process. The results of the study of the frequency of caries lesions on surfaces show a value of 6.35±0.65. Caries lesions on 1 and 2 surfaces predominate (23.75%). Almost 100% of the children in the control group had Streptococcus mutans and a high risk of caries. From the risk assessment results obtained for each child patient, individual prevention programs are prepared for children.
Contraception used among women of childbearing age during the pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Estu Werdani Kusuma , Arifah Izzatul , Gita Anggi Putri Aria , Rahma Mislaillatul Khollifah , Putri Vella Arneta , Umaroh Ayu Khoirotul
Published: December 2023

The low coverage of family planning acceptors during the COVID-19 pandemic became one concern of public health. This study aimed to analyze the factors related to family planning participation among women of childbearing age during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample size was about 373 respondents who were taken using quota sampling among women of childbearing age in Mojolaban, Sukoharjo, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out using an online structured questionnaire. The data analysis used logistic regression. There was a significant relationship between family planning status and husband's support (p-value <0.034), access to information (p-value <0.0001), and access to health services (p-value <0.0001). Multivariable analysis showed that health service access affected women's participation in family planning (OR 4.135, 95%CI 2.276-7.511). The probability of women participating using family planning was four times higher if they categorized them as having high/low health service access. Access to information is the most important factor that women of childbearing age want to use contraception during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, health workers need to continue to educate couples of childbearing ages about the side effects of each type of contraception so they feel safe in their use.
Facilitating exercise adherence among Kuala Selangor, Malaysia antenatal women: a study protocol
Authors: Md Yunus Nur Farhana , Abdul Manaf Rosliza , Kadir Hayati , Ismail Suriani , Alagirisamy Parwathi
Published: December 2023

Antenatal exercise is recommended for antenatal women for its numerous benefits. Despite knowing the advantages of exercise, most antenatal women are less active during pregnancy. It is vital to address women's knowledge, attitudes, and barriers facilitated by a behavioural theory while developing an intervention. This study’s objective is to assess the effectiveness of antenatal exercise intervention based on behavioural theory in facilitating exercise adherence among antenatal women in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia. This study enrolled 220 pregnant women from six primary health clinics in the sub-urban district in a two-arm, cluster randomised controlled trial. Data will be collected in three phases: before the intervention, immediately and one-month post-intervention. The primary outcome measure is antenatal women's adherence to exercise, which will be assessed via a self-reported Exercise Adherence Rating Scale questionnaire. The intervention in this protocol is designed based on the information, motivation and behavioral (IMB) model to facilitate antenatal women's adherence to antenatal exercise, promoting an active lifestyle and reducing maternal complications. The findings may contribute to developing a future intervention that will promote more active lifestyles during pregnancy, which would increase overall health-related quality of life.
Eat well to the best performance: calorie intake and eating behavior among athlete: a review
Authors: Wati Isti Dwi Puspita , Kusnanik Nining Widyah , Wahjuni Endang Sri , Samodra Yohanes Touvan Juni , Gandasari Maharani Fatima , Sofyan Davi
Published: December 2023

Good performance can be produced from a structured, systematic, and continuous training pattern. However, a lack of calorie intake during exercise will worsen the athlete's performance. Adequate and appropriate calorie intake can help athletes perform well. Eating habits will greatly affect the availability of calories in athletes. This literature review aims to describe the effects of caloric intake and eating habits of athletes from various literature. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) is the approach employed. The database is taken from Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science (WOS), and Pubmed. 16 articles were analyzed through purpose, topic suitability, sample, research protocol, results, and discussion. The results of this literature review explain that athletes tend to experience less calorie intake caused by poor eating habits. Low knowledge of nutrition makes athletes practice wrong eating/dieting arrangements by relying on supplement intake to improve performance.
Analytical study of social networking sites usage and social anxiety among physical education students
Authors: A’mir Omar , Alzughailat Mohannad , Abdel Fattah Osama , Zureigat Ayed , Azab Mahmoud , Jarrd Maha
Published: December 2023

Social networking sites usages (SNSu) are online platforms used for communication, sharing, and connecting with others. This paper aims to investigate the current status of SNSu among students in physical education college, as well as the differences in SNSu based on gender. Additionally, we aimed to assess the level of social anxiety among the study participants and examine whether it varied by gender and SNSu. We conducted a descriptive survey among 1,109 physical education students (688 females and 421 males) enrolled in public universities. We administered the social anxiety disorder-adult and SNSu questionnaire using Google Forms. We analyzed the data using means, standard deviations, frequencies, percentages, One-way ANOVA, and chi-square tests with a confidence level of 95% (p<0.05). The results of the study showed that both male and female students used social networking sites (SNS) more than 10 times a day, with percentages of 46.3% and 46.1%, respectively. Additionally, 43.7% of male and 49.1% of female students reported using SNS for more than three hours per day. The mean score for social anxiety was 20.20, indicating a severe level of social anxiety among the study participants. Based on the responses of the sample study, the results showed an increase in negative indicators associated with SNSu and these unfavorable indicators were accompanied by an increase in the level of social anxiety.
Evaluating the impact of AsmaDroid® on knowledge, attitude, and behavior of relapse prevention among asthmatic patients
Authors: Ghozali Muhammad Thesa , Ikawati Zullies , Lazuardi Lutfan
Published: December 2023

The success of asthma self-management is determined by three essential factors: healthcare professionals, patients, and drugs. Regarding patient factors, the level of knowledge plays a role and leads to a positive attitude and behavior to prevent future attack relapse. This quasi-experimental study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a mobile phone app-assisted educational intervention in improving the quality of knowledge, attitude, and behavior among patients with asthma. The study included 140 participants who were divided into two groups, i.e., control and treatment. The treatment group received and installed the app into their smartphone and then was asked to study all the educational materials in the app for four weeks. A test was carried out before and after the intervention period to examine the effectiveness of the intervention. This study used the statistical program IBM® SPSS® Version 22.0 to analyze data, and a parametric statistical test was utilized to test the statistical hypothesis in this investigation. The study found improvement, as many as 87.14% for knowledge, 77.14% for attitude, and 67.15% for behavior, with a p-value each of 0.01. It could be concluded that digital-based patient education using a mobile app improves the patients' knowledge, attitude, and behavior.
Eating skills in children with autism via video modeling: an evaluation of face and content validation
Authors: Ismail Nurul Khairani , Hosshan Hasrul , Abd Aziz Nurbieta , Masnan Abdul Halim , Che Rozubi Norsayyidatina , Md Zalli Mohd Muslim
Published: December 2023

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have their eating habits impacted by their traits, such as difficulty remaining seated at the table and exhibiting behaviors during mealtime. This often worries parents and causes stress and anxiety. Given video modeling's potential in helping children with ASD, experts should evaluate its effectiveness for teaching eating skills due to limited research in this area. Thus, the study aim to evaluate the validity of the developed videos of eating skills for children with ASD. For face validity, a focus group discussion was held to obtain experts' feedback on the eating skills video and was transcribed verbatim. Otherwise for content validity, the experts received content validity assessment forms and guidelines via email and the results was analysed using Microsoft excell. Face validity revealed four themes: suitability of videos, video quality and clarity, video instructions suitability, task analysis arrangement, and "other" recommendations. On the other hand, Video 1 and Video 2 scored 0.93 for relevance, clarity, simplicity, and ambiguity for the S-CVI/Ave (scale-level content validity index based on the average method) which was considered acceptable. Video 3 received a satisfactory S-CVI/Ave score of 0.93 for relevance, simplicity, and ambiguity, but its clarity score at 0.91, and still within an acceptable range, though not particularly high. As a conclusion, all task analyses for the videos met the requirement to be considered acceptable. Addressing the suggestions for improvement can increase the video's efficacy in teaching eating skills and relieving parents' concerns.
The role of self-esteem and self-control on smoking behavior man: case study among college students
Authors: Mujidin Mujidin , Rustam Husnul Khotimah , Rizqyanto Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Smoke and a collection of components in cigarettes can cause very serious diseases. More precisely can disrupt health and its impact on individual health psychology. The purpose of this study is to explore how much the role of self-esteem and self-control of the smoking behavior of students in Yogyakarta. This study uses cross sectional studies with random sampling techniques. Respondents obtained were 75 students who were actively smoking cigarettes. The measuring instruments given include self-esteem scale, self-control scale and smoking behavior scale. The findings of this research explain that when students prioritize positive self -esteem then they tend to reduce or not smoke. In addition, self-control can limit the desire of students to reduce or stop smoking. Students who smoke at least do not do that in front of many people or avoid the crowd so as not to make other people tight or cough. There are still a number of other things that affect smoking behavior with cognitive, social, and cultural treatment. The nation's expectations and hopes that students would continue to be healthy, optimistic, and productive. Smoking research is very important to trace its clause so that it can help improve the health level of human life in the future.
Induced Endothelial Cell Cycle Arrest Prevents Arteriovenous Malformations in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Genet Gael , Genet Nafiisha , Paila Umadevi , Cain Shelby R. , Cwiek Aleksandra , Chavkin Nicholas W. , Serbulea Vlad , Figueras Agnès , Cerdà Pau , McDonnell Stephanie P. , Sankaranarayanan Danya , Huba Mahalia , Nelson Elizabeth A. , Riera-Mestre Antoni , Hirschi Karen K.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

Distinct endothelial cell cycle states (early G1 versus late G1) provide different “windows of opportunity” to enable the differential expression of genes that regulate venous versus arterial specification, respectively. Endothelial cell cycle control and arteriovenous identities are disrupted in vascular malformations including arteriovenous shunts, the hallmark of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). To date, the mechanistic link between endothelial cell cycle regulation and the development of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in HHT is not known.

METHODS:

We used BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) 9/10 blocking antibodies and endothelial-specific deletion of activin A receptor like type 1 (
Alk1
) to induce HHT in Fucci (fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator) 2 mice to assess endothelial cell cycle states in AVMs. We also assessed the therapeutic potential of inducing endothelial cell cycle G1 state in HHT to prevent AVMs by repurposing the Food and Drug Administration–approved CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) palbociclib.

RESULTS:

We found that endothelial cell cycle state and associated gene expressions are dysregulated during the pathogenesis of vascular malformations in HHT. We also showed that palbociclib treatment prevented AVM development induced by BMP9/10 inhibition and
Alk1
genetic deletion. Mechanistically, endothelial cell late G1 state induced by palbociclib modulates the expression of genes regulating arteriovenous identity, endothelial cell migration, metabolism, and VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A) and BMP9 signaling that collectively contribute to the prevention of vascular malformations.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study provides new insights into molecular mechanisms leading to HHT by defining how endothelial cell cycle is dysregulated in AVMs because of BMP9/10 and Alk1 signaling deficiencies, and how restoration of endothelial cell cycle control may be used to treat AVMs in patients with HHT.
An individualized tractography pipeline for the nucleus basalis of Meynert lateral tract
Authors: Crockett Rachel A. , Wilkins Kevin B. , Zeineh Michael M. , McNab Jennifer A. , Henderson Jaimie M. , Buch Vivek P. , Brontë-Stewart Helen M.
Published: December 2023

Background: At the center of the cortical cholinergic network, the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) is crucial for the cognitive domains most vulnerable in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Preclinical evidence has demonstrated the positive impact of NBM deep brain stimulation (DBS) on cognition but early human trials have had mixed results. It is possible that DBS of the lateral NBM efferent white matter fiber bundle may be more effective at improving cognitive-motor function. However, precise tractography modelling is required to identify the optimal target for neurosurgical planning. Individualized tractography approaches have been shown to be highly effective for accurately identifying DBS targets but have yet to be developed for the NBM.

Methods: Using structural and diffusion-weighted imaging, we developed a tractography pipeline using manually segmented regions of interest for precise individualized identification of the lateral NBM target tract. Using dice similarity coefficients, the reliability of the tractography outputs was assessed across three cohorts to investigate: 1) whether this manual segmentation pipeline is more reliable than an existing automatic segmentation pipeline currently used in the literature; 2) the inter- and intra-rater reliability of our pipeline in research scans of patients with PD; and 3) the reliability and practicality of this pipeline in clinical scans of DBS patients.

Results: The individualized manual pipeline was found to be significantly more reliable than the existing automated pipeline for both the segmentation of the NBM region itself (p < 0.001) and the reconstruction of the target lateral tract (p = 0.002). There was also no significant difference between the reliability of two different raters in the PD cohort (p = 0.25), which showed high inter- (mean Dice coefficient >0.6) and intra-rater (mean Dice coefficient >0.7) reliability across runs. Finally, the pipeline was shown to be highly reliable within the clinical scans (mean Dice coefficient = 0.77). However, accurate reconstruction was only evident in 7/10 tracts.

Conclusion: We have developed a reliable tractography pipeline for the identification and analysis of the NBM lateral tract in research and clinical-grade imaging of healthy young adult and PD patient scans.
ReCOGS: How Incidental Details of a Logical Form Overshadow an Evaluation of Semantic Interpretation
Authors: Wu Zhengxuan , Manning Christopher D. , Potts Christopher
Published: December 2023

Compositional generalization benchmarks for semantic parsing seek to assess whether models can accurately compute meanings for novel sentences, but operationalize this in terms of logical form (LF) prediction. This raises the concern that semantically irrelevant details of the chosen LFs could shape model performance. We argue that this concern is realized for the COGS benchmark (Kim and Linzen, 2020). COGS poses generalization splits that appear impossible for present-day models, which could be taken as an indictment of those models. However, we show that the negative results trace to incidental features of COGS LFs. Converting these LFs to semantically equivalent ones and factoring out capabilities unrelated to semantic interpretation, we find that even baseline models get traction. A recent variable-free translation of COGS LFs suggests similar conclusions, but we observe this format is not semantically equivalent; it is incapable of accurately representing some COGS meanings. These findings inform our proposal for ReCOGS, a modified version of COGS that comes closer to assessing the target semantic capabilities while remaining very challenging. Overall, our results reaffirm the importance of compositional generalization and careful benchmark task design.
Data-driven Parsing Evaluation for Child-Parent Interactions
Authors: Liu Zoey , Prud’hommeaux Emily
Published: December 2023

We present a syntactic dependency treebank for naturalistic child and child-directed spoken English. Our annotations largely follow the guidelines of the Universal Dependencies project (UD [Zeman et al., 2022]), with detailed extensions to lexical and syntactic structures unique to spontaneous spoken language, as opposed to written texts or prepared speech. Compared to existing UD-style spoken treebanks and other dependency corpora of child-parent interactions specifically, our dataset is much larger (44,744 utterances; 233,907 words) and contains data from 10 children covering a wide age range (18–66 months). We conduct thorough dependency parser evaluations using both graph-based and transition-based parsers, trained on three different types of out-of-domain written texts: news, tweets, and learner data. Out-of-domain parsers demonstrate reasonable performance for both child and parent data. In addition, parser performance for child data increases along children’s developmental paths, especially between 18 and 48 months, and gradually approaches the performance for parent data. These results are further validated with in-domain training.
Interpreting Negative IOD Events Based on the Transfer Routes of Wave Energy in the Upper Ocean
Authors: Li Zimeng , Aiki Hidenori
Published: December 2023

The present study adopts an energy-based approach to interpret the negative phase of Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) events. This is accomplished by diagnosing the output of hindcast experiments from 1958 to 2018 based on a linear ocean model. The authors have performed a composite analysis for a set of negative IOD (nIOD) events, distinguishing between independent nIOD events and concurrent nIOD events with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The focus is on investigating the mechanism of nIOD events in terms of wave energy transfer, employing a linear wave theory that considers the group velocity. The proposed diagnostic scheme offers a unified framework for studying the interaction between equatorial and off-equatorial waves. Both the first and third baroclinic modes exhibit interannual variations characterized by a distinct packet of eastward energy flux associated with equatorial Kelvin waves. During October–December, westerly wind anomalies induce the propagation of eastward-moving equatorial waves, leading to thermocline deepening in the central-eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, a feature absent during neutral IOD years. The development of wave energy demonstrates different patterns during nIOD events of various types. In concurrent nIOD–ENSO years, characterized by strong westerly winds, the intense eastward transfer of wave energy becomes prominent as early as October. This differs significantly from the situation manifested in independent nIOD years. The intensity of the energy-flux streamfunction/potential reaches its peak around November and then rapidly diminishes in December during both types of nIOD years.

Significance Statement

The present study provides an interpretation of wave energy transfer episodes in the upper ocean during the negative phase of the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) based on the diagnosis of hindcast experiments. The results suggest that the reflection of Kelvin and Rossby waves at the eastern and western boundaries of the Indian Ocean (IO), respectively, accompanied by variations in thermocline depth, plays a crucial role in the development process of IOD events. Specifically, during the negative phase of the IOD, the tropical IO exhibits positive signals of energy-flux streamfunction in the Northern Hemisphere, along with positive signals of energy-flux potential associated with westerly wind anomalies occurring in October–December. These findings highlight the significance of these factors in shaping the characteristics of negative IOD events.
Policymaker and Practitioner Perspectives and Insights from Colorado: An Interview with Dr. Ki’i Powell, Ian McMahon, Michael Martinez-Schiferl, Rebecca Balu, and Samantha O’Neill Dunbar
Authors: Moffitt Susan L.
Published: December 2023

What are key barriers that prevent complementary safety net services? How are states and localities navigating those barriers? For policymaker and practitioner perspectives on these questions, we turned to experts in the Colorado Department of Human Services: Dr. Ki’i Powell, former director of the Office of Economic Security; Ian McMahon, director of the Division of Economic and Workforce Support; Michael Martinez-Schiferl, former operations manager in the Division of Economic and Workforce Support; Rebecca Balu, employment and training manager; and Samantha O’Neill Dunbar, budget and legislative manager in the Office of Economic Security. Colorado has sought to overcome administrative burdens by developing shared-eligibility systems that allow individuals to apply for multiple services through a common application process. This approach has enhanced user experiences from the perspective of service recipients, but it shifts administrative burdens to the implementing agencies, who face complex data demands arising from federal and state-level policy design and strained workforce capacities. Colorado’s experiences underscore how resolving administrative burdens depends on federal and state policy action above and beyond agency-level adjustments. The conversation, led by Susan Moffitt, occurred on November 29, 2022, and has been edited for length.
Experiences of Next-of-Kin to Foreign-Born Dying Patients Cared for in Specialist Palliative Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Carlsson Maria E. , Hjelm Katarina
Published: December 2023

Earlier studies have shown that healthcare personnel in specialized palliative care see patients with migrant backgrounds as others and that they, as providers, are unable to provide culturally competent care. Thus, these studies indicate a taken for granted perception, instead of knowledge based on experiences or scientific knowledge. The objectives of this study were to explore preferences, expectations on and experiences of specialist palliative care from next-of-kin of migrants of different origin. This study used a qualitative methodology, and the data were analyzed with systematic text condensation. The interviews were based on semi-structured interviews with seven next-of-kin. Four code groups represented the next-of kin’s experiences: The wishes and needs of the foreign-born person in a palliative phase form the care; The families’ prerequisites for, and the impact of, palliative informal caregiving; The staff working in accordance with a palliative care approach; Palliative care in a seamless care chain.
The strategies used by adults with visual impairment
Authors: Nastasi Julie Ann
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Current research on visual impairment focuses on children and older adults with visual impairment. This study explored the strategies for living used by three middle-aged adults with visual impairment.

Method:

A qualitative study with five interviews and three observation sessions was conducted with middle-aged adults with visual impairment. Data were analyzed by participant and across participants using open, axial, and selective coding. Codes were refined throughout the process yielding the themes of the study that were verified by the participants in the final interview.

Results (or Findings):

The following themes emerged from the study: incorporating useful strategies and technology into everyday life, socialization through participation in activities, utilizing state services to facilitate independence, desire for autonomy, and challenges in everyday life.

Conclusion:

The study highlights the importance of independence in everyday life through adaptive techniques/adaptation and a desire for autonomy.
Moral distress, moral resilience, and job embeddedness among pediatric nurses
Authors: Li Fuda , Zhong Jiayan , He Ziyuan
Published: December 2023

Background

Nurses often face ethical issues in their daily work that can have an impact on their level of job embeddedness. And positive job embeddedness is essential to reduce burnout among nurses and improve professional retention in the medical industry. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between moral distress, moral resilience, and job embeddedness.

Objectives

To investigate the relationship between moral distress, moral resilience, and job embeddedness, and explore the mediating role of moral resilience between moral distress and job embeddedness among nurses.

Design

A quantitative, cross-sectional study.

Methods

Nurses from a number of tertiary general hospitals in central China were surveyed and assessed using the Moral Distress Scale, the Nurse Moral Resilience Scale, and the nurse job embeddedness Scale from February to March 2023. The study was conducted in line with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.

Ethical consideration

All study procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Hunan Normal University (No. 2023-313).

Findings

Moral distress was positively correlated with moral resilience ( β = 0.525, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated job embeddedness ( β = −0.470, p < 0.01). Moral resilience partially mediated the relationship between moral distress with job embeddedness ( β = −0.087, p < 0.01).

Discussion

The findings reveal a relationship between moral distress, job embeddedness, and moral resilience among nurses.

Conclusion

Moral distress and moral resilience are important correlates of job embeddedness in nurses. Interventions to reduce moral distress and increase moral resilience may have potential benefits for improving nurses’ job embeddedness. It is recommended that clinical nursing administrators create a favorable ethical atmosphere, educate nurses about ethics, and increase nurses' moral resilience.
‘Who you gonna call?’ A qualitative study of psychiatrists accessing mental health services
Authors: Nguyen Sarah , Blake Julie , Ng Faith , Patterson Sue
Published: December 2023

Objective

To identify motivation, capabilities and opportunities that enable psychiatrists and registrars to seek help for mental health problems and to inform design of interventions.

Method

Data collected in qualitative semi-structured interviews were analysed using a framework approach with the COM-B model of behaviour as a theoretical frame.

Results

Accounts of the eight participants show help-seeking to be a complex process requiring cognitive and emotional capability to recognise a problem or goal, acceptance of vulnerability, and facilitated by access to professional networks. Help-seeking was enabled by openness about mental health problems in workplace culture.

Conclusions

Interventions to enable help-seeking should focus on normalising the experience of mental health problems among doctors and challenge the notion that difficulties represent characterological flaws. Greater understanding of the mandatory reporting requirements is also required.
Who drives news coverage of trans issues? Intermedia agenda setting dynamics in Spanish digital press
Authors: Olveira-Araujo Rubén
Published: December 2023

The newsworthiness of trans issues has increased over the last two decades, resulting in unprecedented media visibility of trans people. However, there is still a long way to go in the study of the Agenda Building factors that have influenced this media attention. The aim of this article is to analyze the Intermedia Agenda Setting (IAS) dynamics on the coverage of trans issues in the Spanish digital news media landscape during the period 2001–2020. A quantitative content analysis was conducted, using the Granger Causality test for both issue-salience and attribute-salience IAS dynamics between different types of news media. In general, news flows have been observed from national-to-local, from progressive-to-conservative, and from legacy-to-digital-native media at the issue-salience level. However, from 2016 onwards, progressive and conservative media influence one another. This can be attributed to the generation of an alternative agenda on trans issues by the anti-trans rights movement in recent years. As a consequence of the presence of these competing trans rights and anti-trans rights agendas, media coverage of trans issues has become polarized. In contrast, IAS dynamics at the attribute-salience level are not clear. These findings suggest IAS dynamics have played an essential role in the increasing media attention on trans people. However, the decline in the media delegitimization of trans rights cannot be attributed to IAS dynamics. This study highlights the dynamic nature of IAS, which can evolve based on the agenda and degree of eliteness of each media outlet at any given time.
Data management and techniques for best–worst discrete choice experiments
Authors: Islam Farahnaz , Thrasher James F. , Xiao Feifei , Moran Robert R. , Hardin James W.
Published: December 2023

In this article, we present software that is suitable for use with Stata’s choice modeling suite of commands, which begin with cm. Within the context of choice models, we focus on best–worst data. In such data, respondents are presented a set of choices and are required to select a best and a worst choice from among the alternatives. Optionally, respondents may indicate an opt-out choice, in which no best or worst choice exists in the choice set. Such data are simplified versions of experiments in which respondents rank all the choices. Once best–worst data are collected, there are specific types of data expansions that analysts use to take advantage of both explicit and implicit information. The commands described in this article support data expansion and model estimation.
Individual- and community-level determinants of maternal health service utilization in southern Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Yoseph Amanuel , Teklesilasie Wondwosen , Guillen-Grima Francisco , Astatkie Ayalew
Published: December 2023

Background:

Maternal health service utilization decreases maternal morbidity and mortality. However, the existing evidence is inadequate to design effective intervention strategies in Ethiopia.

Objectives:

This study aimed to examine the utilization of maternal health service and identify its determinants among women of reproductive age in southern Ethiopia.

Design:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 21 to November 11, 2022 on a sample of 1140 women selected randomly from the Northern Zone of the Sidama region.

Methods:

Data were collected using the Open Data Kit mobile application and exported to Stata version 15 for analysis. We used a multilevel mixed-effects modified Poisson regression with robust standard error to identify determinants of maternal health service utilization.

Results:

Utilization of antenatal care, health facility delivery, and postnatal care was 52.0% (95% confidence interval: 49.0%, 55.0%), 48.5% (95% confidence interval: 45.6%, 51.4%), and 26.0% (95% confidence interval: 23.0%, 29.0%), respectively. Antenatal care use was associated with receiving model family training (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.19; 95% confidence interval: 1.06, 1.35), knowledge of antenatal care (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.54; 95% confidence interval: 1.31, 1.81), perceived quality of antenatal care (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.02; 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.03), and having birth preparedness plan (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.25). The identified determinants of health facility delivery use were middle wealth rank (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.35; 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.77), perceived quality of health facility delivery (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.02; 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.03), antenatal care (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.76; 95% confidence interval: 1.36, 2.26), and high community-level women literacy (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.55; 95% confidence interval: 1.10, 2.19). Postnatal care use was associated with facing health problems during postpartum period (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.79; 95% confidence interval: 1.18, 2.72), urban residence (adjusted prevalence ratio: 3.52; 95% confidence interval: 2.15, 5.78), knowledge of postnatal care (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.11; 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.19), and low community-level poverty (adjusted prevalence ratio: 0.43; 95% confidence interval: 0.25, 0.73).

Conclusion:

Maternal health service use was low in the study area and was influenced by individual- and community-level determinants. Any intervention strategies must consider multi-sectorial collaboration to address determinants at different levels. The programs should focus on the provision of model family training, the needs of women who have a poor perception, and knowledge of maternal health service at the individual level.
Not by Bread Alone: Mothers’ Strategic Pursuit of Higher Education to Meet Basic Needs
Authors: Williams Heidi M. , Stevens Grace G. , Vandivier Gina
Published: December 2023

Maslow’s theoretical hierarchy of needs suggests need fulfillment is ordered, where basic needs are at least partially satiated before more advanced needs may be pursued. The implication, then, is that an individual is motivated to fulfill their physiological needs before they can seek higher-level needs. Using interview data from 32 single mothers, this paper examines whether mothers—who need to fulfill their children’s basic needs—follow or deviate from the ordered direction of Maslow’s hierarchy. Findings show mothers’ motivations are social, not individual, as they strategically pursue higher education as a way to provide housing, food, and safety to their children—which inverts Maslow’s hierarchy. Mothers participate in The House of Educational Attainment (THEA), an organization that provides unilateral support, including apartments, to single parents as they pursue baccalaureate degrees. Support for more programs like THEA is needed if our national goal is for single mothers to achieve self-sufficiency.