bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of the Lateral Ligaments of the Ankle Using Semi-tendinosis Graft
Authors: Paterson R. , Cohen B. , Taylor D. , Bourne A. , Black J.
Published: February 2017

Injury to the lateral ligaments of the ankle is one of the most common sports-related injuries. Although these injures generally resolve with non-operative treatment reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle is occasionally necessary. We report the surgical technique and result of reconstruction of the anterior talo-fibular ligament using a semi-tendinosis free graft in 26 patients with an average follow-up of 24 months. 81% of patients reported complete resolution or substantial improvement in instability, swelling and sharp pain. Episodes of functional instability persisted in five patients post operatively. No significant differences were noted between the operated and contra-lateral non-operated ankle in range of motion or uniaxial balance assessment.

Kin-Com testing of hamstring strength showed no differences between sides. Short term results suggest that this ligament reconstruction provides good results without sacrifice of peroneal function and has minimal donor site morbidity.
The Effects of Early Mobilization in the Healing of Achilles Tendon Repair
Authors: Pneumaticos Spiros G. , Noble Philip C. , McGarvey William C. , Mody Dina R. , Trevino Saul G.
Published: February 2017

Twenty-four male New Zealand rabbits underwent suture repair of a tenotomy of the left achilles tendon. The rabbits were randomized into two groups of 12 animals; in group (A), the ankle was immobilized by pinning for 35 days, while in the group (B), the ankle was immobilized for only 14 days followed by active mobilization. Following sacrifice at 35 days postoperatively, the retrieved tendons were evaluated by biomechanical testing and histologic examination. Approximately 50% of stretching occurred in the first four days; average overall elongation was 9.5±1.0 mm and 12.7±1.5 mm (p = 0.102) and average stiffness recovery was 67.4±2.0% and 82.9±1.9% (p = 0.0004) for groups A and B respectively. Histologically both groups demonstrated traces of disorganized neo-collagen fibers at the repair site as early as the fourth day with subsequent appearance of more mature collagen. The results obtained from our study favor early mobilization of the repaired tendon, which seems to restore the functional properties of the tendons more rapidly than continuous immobilization of an identical surgical repair.
Total Contact Casting and Keller Arthoplasty for Diabetic Great Toe Ulceration under the Interphalangeal Joint
Authors: Lin Sheldon S. , Bono Christopher M. , Lee Thomas H.
Published: February 2017

Interphalangeal (IP) ulcerations of the great toe are frequently encountered in neuropathic diabetic feet. While total contact casting is usually effective as a first line treatment, recalcitrant ulcers continue to present substantial management challenges. The authors retrospectively reviewed the results of Keller arthroplasty employed to accelerate ulcer resolution with total contact casting in fourteen patients with neuropathic ulcers under the great toe interphalangeal (IP) joint that were resistant to casting alone. These data were compared to a group of similar patients whose ulcers were successfully treated by non-operative measures. No operative complications were observed, and all ulcers healed within twenty-four days with no recurrence documented at an average follow-up of 26 weeks. In cases of resistant great toe IP plantar ulcers associated with hallux rigidus that have failed casting trials, this treatment method can be effective.
Percutaneous CT Guided Resection of Osteoid Osteoma of the Tibial Plafond
Authors: Donley Brian G. , Philbin Terry , Rosenberg Gary A. , Schils Jean P. , Recht Michael
Published: February 2017

Osteoid osteomas of the foot and ankle are relatively rare and notoriously difficult to diagnose. Juxta-articular osteoid osteomas are more difficult to treat and often have a significant delay in diagnosis. We report a case of a juxta-articular osteoid osteoma of the tibial plafond. Once the diagnosis was made, excisional biopsy was performed percutaneously under computed tomography (CT) guidance as an outpatient in the radiology suite. The patient had complete resolution of symptoms and remains pain free at two years follow-up. CT guided resection can be a lower morbidity and more cost effective technique to treat this lesion than traditional methods.
Closed Talar Body Fracture with Talonavicular Dislocation; A Case Report
Authors: Hafez Mr. Mahmoud A. , Bawarish Mr. M. A. , Guwala Mr. R.
Published: February 2017

Closed fracture dislocation of the body of the talus is rare. The dislocation of the subtalar and ankle joints (associated with fracture body) has been reported and already described in the current classifications. We report a case of closed fracture of the body of the talus associated with talonavicular dislocation. Open reduction and internal fixation was performed after failed attempt of closed reduction. The fracture has healed and there is no evidence of avascular necrosis after 2 years follow up. We recommend early evaluation of this injury by CT scan or by proper radiographic views under sedation and urgent open reduction if one attempt at closed reduction has failed.
Bilateral Ossification in the Achilles Tendon: A case report
Authors: Mády Ferenc , Vajda Andres
Published: February 2017

Bilateral symmetrical Achilles tendon ossification is presented, with a fracture on one side.

A 57 year old male patient was conservatively treated for bilateral clubfeet in his childhood. Part of his Achilles tendons were replaced by ectopic bony mass and on the left it fractured without any trauma. The fracture was treated surgically by vertical thinning, intraosseal suture “osteosynthesis”, and tendon flap plasty. This pathological condition healed in three months.

Seven years after the operation the X-ray revealed total bony rebuilding. The ectopic bone mass has the same biological behaviour as the anatomic bones.
Fractures of the Talus: Experience of Two Level 1 Trauma Centers
Authors: Elgafy Hossein , Ebraheim Nabil A. , Tile Marvin , Stephen David , Kase Jonathan
Published: February 2017

Fifty-eight patients with 60 talar fractures were retrospectively reviewed. There were 39 men and 19 women. The age average was 32 (range, 14–74). Eighty six percent of the patients had multiple injuries. The most common mechanism of injury was a motor vehicle accident. Twenty-seven (45%) of the fractures were neck, 22 (36.7%) process, and 11 (18.3%) body. Forty-eight fractures had operative treatment and 12 had non-operative management. The average follow-up period was 30 months (range, 24–65). Thirty-two fractures (53.3%) developed subtalar arthritis. Two patients had subsequent subtalar fusion. Fifteen fractures (25%) developed ankle arthritis. None of these patients required ankle fusion. Fractures of the body of the talus were associated with the highest incidence of degenerative joint disease of both the subtalar and ankle joints. Ten fractures (16.6%) developed avascular necrosis (AVN), only one of which had subsequent slight collapse. Avascular necrosis occurred mostly after Hawkins Type 3 and 2 fractures of the talar neck. Three rating scores were used in this series to assess the outcome: the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score, Maryland Foot Score, and Hawkins Evaluation Criteria. The outcome was different with every rating system. However, the outcome with AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Score and Hawkins Evaluation Criteria were almost equivalent. Assessment with the three rating scores showed that the process fractures had the best results followed by the neck and then the body fractures.
Non-Osseous Coalition of the Medial Cuneiform-First Metatarsal Joint: A Case Report
Authors: Tanaka Yasuhito , Takakura Yoshinori , Sugimoto Kazuya , Kumai Tsukasa
Published: February 2017

Isolated non-osseous tarsal coalition of the medial cuneiform-first metatarsal joint is rare. Resection of the coalition was performed in a 32-year-old patient, with excellent results. This procedure is an effective option for treatment of small lesions.
Cumulative Industrial Trauma as an Etiology of Seven Common Disorders in the Foot and Ankle: What Is the Evidence?
Authors: Guyton Gregory P. , Mann Roger A. , Kreiger Lauren Eric , Mendel Tuvi , Kahan Julia
Published: February 2017

The concept of cumulative industrial trauma as an etiology of orthopaedic disease has recently generated considerable attention in both the medical and legal communities. To clarify the current state of knowledge about the issue as applied to the foot and ankle, we critically reviewed the literature on the etiology of seven foot and ankle disorders commonly involved in compensation litigation in the practice of the senior author: hallux valgus, interdigital neuroma, tarsal tunnel syndrome, lesser toe deformity, heel pain, adult acquired flatfoot, and foot and ankle osteoarthritis. Koch's postulates were appropriately modified and used as a logistic framework to analyze the potential for cumulative industrial trauma to cause foot pathology.

In none of the disorders analyzed could cumulative industrial trauma reasonably satisfy even one of Koch's three postulates. We conclude there is currently no unequivocal literature support upon which to invoke cumulative industrial trauma as a clear etiology of these disorders of the adult foot and ankle. The superb evolutionary adaptation of the human foot to prolonged ambulation and the absence of industrial demands that significantly differ from this task likely account for this dramatically reduced vulnerability of the foot to industrial repetitive motion disorders compared to the upper extremity.
Effect of Foot Orthoses on Rearfoot Complex Kinematics During Walking Gait
Authors: Nester C. J. , Hutchins S. , Bowker P.
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of anti-pronatory and anti-supinatory foot orthoses on the angular displacement, velocity and accelerations of the rearfoot complex during gait. The transverse plane motion of the leg relative to the foot was used to indicate rearfoot complex pronation and supination. Three dimensional gait analysis on 12 subjects was used to derive the changes in the rearfoot kinematics dur to the orthoses. The anti-pronatory orthoses decreased the range of pronation during the contact phase (p=0.0002) and the total range of rearfoot complex motion (p=0.000002), whereas anti-supinatory orthoses increased the range of pronation during the contact phase (p=0.00006) and the total range of rearfoot motion (p=0.049). Anti-pronatory orthoses also decreased the initial peak in pronation velocity during the contact phase of gait (p=0.006). Neither orthosis had a statistically significant effect on rearfoot complex acceleration.
Peroneus Longus and Brevis Rupture in a Collegiate Athlete
Authors: Wind William M , Rohrbacher Bernhard J
Published: February 2017

Peroneal tendon injuries should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lateral ankle pain and instability. The spectrum of injury to the peroneal tendons includes tenosynovitis, tendinitis, subluxation, dislocation and tears. The mechanism, presentation and treatment of isolated peroneal brevis and longus injuries has been described in the literature. This is a case study of a rare combined peroneus brevis and longus injury in a young healthy collegiate athlete.
Trimalleolar Fracture with a Double Fragment of the Posterior Malleolus: A Case Report and Modified Operative Approach to Internal Fixation
Authors: Karachalios Theofilos , Roidis Nikolaos , Karoutis Dimitrios , Bargiotas Konstantinos , Karachalios George G.
Published: February 2017

Fractures of the medial and lateral malleoli are frequently associated with fractures of the posterior malleolus, comprising trimalleolar fractures. The posterior fragment may be posteromedial or posterolateral and its size determines the necessity for surgical or non-surgical treatment. The authors describe a case of trimalleolar fracture with double involvement of the posterior malleolus, both a posteromedial and posterolateral fragment. A modified transmalleolar operative approach for internal fixation is recommended when dealing with such complex trimalleolar fractures of the ankle.
Pediatric Calcaneal Fractures
Authors: Mora Steve , Thordarson David B. , Zionts Lewis E. , Reynolds Richard A.K.
Published: February 2017

Calcaneal fractures in pediatric patients are seen infrequently. We retrospectively reviewed 22 skeletally immature patients with 23 fractures of the calcaneus before their distal tibial physis had fused. Eighteen (78%) of these fractures were intraarticular and five (22%) were extraarticular. Nine patients were followed for an average of 4.4 years. Of these nine fractures, 8 were treated nonoperatively and one was treated with open reduction and internal fixation. A modification of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scoring system, which focuses on residual complaints of pain, work or sports restrictions, ability to walk on different surfaces and gait abnormalities, was employed to assess their outcome. Seven of the nine patients were free of pain, had unrestricted foot function, and possessed no apparent gait abnormalities. Two patients had activity related and cold weather related pain. We believe that the excellent prognosis for both intraarticular and extraarticular fractures, seen in this study is multi-fold. First, the immature talus and calcaneus have a superior capacity to remodel. Second, pediatric calcaneal fractures are usually consequence of low energy trauma. Lastly, a favorable intraarticular fracture pattern, unique to the skeletally immature calcaneus may exist, rendering a good prognosis.
Healing of the Achilles Tendon: An Experimental Study
Authors: Thermann Hajo , Frerichs Onno , Biewener Achim , Krettek Christian
Published: February 2017

Biomechanical properties of healing ruptures in the Achilles tendon of rabbits were examined after two, four, eight and 12 weeks. Treatment modalities were (n7): a) suture, b) fibrin-glue, c) non-surgical treatment. All animals received a functional aftertreatment consisting of a special orthotic support and free ambulation. For biomechanical testing a fixation-technique was applied that guaranteed intratendinous rupture.

After two weeks, the tendons treated with fibrin glue showed better results (stiffness, maximum force to rupture, tensile stress to rupture) compared with the non-sur-gically treated group. The results for sutured tendons were in between those for the other groups. After four weeks, the results for sutured and for glued tendons were nearly equal and slightly better than the tendons in the non-surgical group. Late results revealed comparable biomechanical properties among all treatment groups and control tendons, suggesting our conclusion that non-surgical treatment is equal to repair using sutures or using fibrin glue as measured by stiffness and tensile stress.
Pneumatic Bracing and Total Contact Casting Have Equivocal Effects on Plantar Pressure Relief
Authors: Hartsell Heather D. , Fellner Chris , Saltzman Charles L.
Published: February 2017

The purpose was to examine and compare plantar pressures produced in healthy subjects while wearing a running shoe (RS), total contact cast (TCC) and ‘customized’ pneumatic pre-fabricated walking brace (PWB). A repeated measures design was used to compare the plantar pressures recorded for three footwear types (RS, TCC, PWB) in two body regions (forefoot, heel). Nine healthy subjects walked at a self-selected walking pace on a motorized treadmill while wearing the RS, TCC and PWB (ordered randomization). Following a five-minute acclimatization period on the treadmill with each footwear device, plantar pressures were recorded from 84 constant gait speed and step length steps using the Pedar system of in-shoe array of capacitive sensors embedded in an insert. Mean spatially averaged peak plantar pressures were recorded for the metatarsal heads and heel region for each footwear device worn by each subject. A two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and post-hoc Tukey tests analysed the data with a significance level of p = .05. The main effects of footwear (p = .005) and body region (p = .000), and interaction effect (body region x footwear device) (p=.000) were significant. Unloading of the forefoot was 63.72% and 58.77% for the TCC and PWB, respectively, whereas loading under the heel was increased 37.09% and 34.11% for the same two devices, respectively. Patients who develop neuropathic plantar ulcers in the forefoot region, but not in the heel region, may benefit from a reduction in plantar pressures by using either the TCC or a ‘customized’ PWB. An alternative footwear device still needs to be found for those patients with heel ulceration.
Computer-mediated textual and audio glosses, perceptual style and L2 vocabulary learning
Authors: Rassaei Ehsan
Published: February 2017

The current study examined the effects of first language (L1) textual and audio glosses along with the moderating effect of learners’ visual and auditory perceptual style on second language (L2) vocabulary learning. The participants were first divided into two groups of auditory and visual learners based on their scores obtained from a learning style questionnaire. Then, each style group was further subdivided into three groups who received a text via a screen including a number of unfamiliar vocabulary items with one of the following L1 gloss conditions: textual glosses, audio glosses or no glosses. Learners could either hear or see the L1 definitions of target words by clicking on hyperlinks provided under each target word. The results provided evidence that both gloss types promoted vocabulary learning and indicated that audio glosses were more effective than textual glosses. Moreover, the results suggested the moderating role of perceptual learning style in vocabulary learning. Among the treatment groups, the auditory learners who received audio glosses indicated the highest rate of vocabulary learning.
Navigational strategy for underwater mobile robot based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model embedded with shuffled frog leaping algorithm–based hybrid learning approach
Authors: Parhi DR , Kundu S
Published: February 2017

In this research article, a novel navigational approach has been introduced for underwater robot based on learning and self-adaptation ability of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. For avoiding obstacles during three-dimensional navigation, two adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system models have been coupled to find out required change in heading angles of underwater robot in horizontal and vertical planes, respectively. A new hybrid learning scheme has been proposed for adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. Here, memetic approach based shuffled frog leaping algorithm has been used to tune the premise parameters and consequent parameters has been estimated through recursive least square estimation. Minimization of error in output of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model has been treated as major objective of evolutionary-based training algorithm. Preliminary robotic behaviors of underwater robot have been successfully executed by implementing such well-trained adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system architecture within three-dimensional unspecified workspace. Navigational performance of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system trained with the proposed hybrid learning algorithm has been compared with other three-dimensional navigational approaches in simulation mode for authentication purpose. Experimental verification has also been carried out to validate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed navigational strategy.
On the development of a fast modeling of floodwater effects on ship motions in waves
Authors: Acanfora Maria , Cirillo Antonio
Published: February 2017

The motions of a flooded ship in waves are difficult to evaluate. They are affected by complex phenomena involving ship and floodwater dynamic interactions. Several numerical methods have been proposed to estimate the dynamic behavior of a damaged ship in waves. In this article, a fast simulation tool is developed to tackle the problem, aiming at a simplified method with an acceptable accuracy of the results. A novel approach in simulating floodwater effects on ship motions is presented. The method allows modeling the floodwater motions (seen as lumped mass) out of phase from ship motions. This technique is based on the basic fluid mechanics knowledge for a liquid in a uniformly accelerated tank. The study intends to analyze the behavior of a flooded ship in regular beam waves, for compartment fillings that involve shallow and intermediate fluid depths. The nonlinear model for the roll damping moment of a ship is implemented. An attempt to model viscous effects in the floodwater dynamics is proposed and applied. Two sets of applications are carried out on two different hull models. The comparisons of the intact and of the flooded ship responses in waves are conducted and discussed.
Unsupervised novelty detection–based structural damage localization using a density peaks-based fast clustering algorithm
Authors: Cha Young-Jin , Wang Zilong
Published: February 2017

Within machine learning, several structural damage detection and localization methods based on clustering and novelty detection methods have been proposed in the recent years in order to monitor mechanical and civil structures. In order to train a machine learning model, an unsupervised mode is preferred because it only requires sufficient normal data from the intact states of a structure for training, and the testing abnormal data from various damage states are generally quite rare. With an unsupervised training mode, the capability of detecting structural damage mainly depends on the identification of abnormal data from the testing data. This identification process is termed unsupervised novelty detection. The premise of unsupervised novelty detection is that a large volume of a normal data set is available first to train a normal model that is established by machine learning algorithms. Then, the trained normal model can be used to identify abnormal data from future testing data. In this article, a new structural damage detection and localization method is proposed using a density peaks-based fast clustering algorithm. In order to realize damage detection, the original density peaks-based fast clustering algorithm is modified to an unsupervised machine learning method by adding training and testing processes. Furthermore, to improve the performance of the proposed method, the Gaussian kernel function of radius is introduced to calculate the local density of data points, and a new damage-sensitive feature using a continuous wavelet transform is also proposed. Damage-sensitive features are extracted from the measured data through sensors installed on a laboratory-scale steel structure. Extensive experimental studies are carried out under various structural damage scenarios in order to validate the performance of the proposed method. The proposed density peaks-based fast clustering method shows satisfactory performance with regard to damage localization under various damage scenarios as compared to a traditional approach.
Ripple effect: An evaluation tool for increasing connectedness through community health partnerships
Authors: Hardy Lisa Jane , Hulen Elizabeth , Shaw Kevin , Mundell Leah , Evans Coral
Published: February 2017

We used a community-based participatory approach to evaluate a multi-sectoral project called Hermosa Vida. Project partners and community researchers collaborated on the design and implementation of a Ripple Effect Tool (RET) to measure increased generative social and professional connectedness, and new project development in an emergent participatory project. Participatory methods drove evaluation of the development and intended documentation of emergent project goals. Findings of the RET suggest saliency in increased connectedness for project partners, participants, and communities, though benefits were tiered with maximum impact of connectedness occurring at leadership levels of programmatic involvement. In light of growing evidence that increased connectedness is directly related to health outcomes, the participatory development of a RET is useful for midcourse correction, ensuring ongoing commitments to participatory and engaged project goals, and measuring and prioritizing capacity building. Use of a locally developed RET could increase connectedness and partnerships among all project partners, reaching beyond layers of advantageous positioning within complex partnerships.
The Upside of the Long Campaign
Authors: Fridkin Kim , Kenney Patrick , Wintersieck Amanda , Carle Jill
Published: February 2017

We theorize that the “long campaign” provides the impetus to motivate people to engage in campaign politics. We rely on panel survey data from the Cooperative Campaign Analysis Project to evaluate the impact of a long presidential campaign on citizens’ political engagement. The panel provides us unique leverage to render the analysis fully dynamic and to minimize endogeneity issues because we determine temporal order for key concepts. We find that campaign contacts occurring during the primary significantly increase participation in the general election. We also find that exposure to advertisements during primaries translates to higher levels of voter engagement in the fall campaign. We demonstrate that attitudes toward primary and general election candidates are strongly related to voters’ engagement in the fall campaign. Finally, we are able to explain how contacts, campaign information, and citizen attitudes toward candidates shape changes in levels of engagement across the primary and general election campaigns.
Store layout optimization using indoor positioning system
Authors: Hwangbo Hyunwoo , Kim Jonghyuk , Lee Zoonky , Kim Soyean
Published: February 2017

Indoor positioning systems have attracted considerable attention from practitioners and firms seeking to optimize the consumer shopping experience with the goal of attaining increased revenue and profitability. Acknowledging the importance of indoor positioning systems in store layout optimization, we conducted a field experiment for 11 months in order to develop algorithms for connecting indoor positioning data with customer transaction data. Using fingerprinting as a primary data collection technique, we compared positioning and transaction data before and after critical store layout optimization decisions in order to identify which customer movement patterns generated the highest sales. In contrast to previous works on indoor positioning systems, which focused solely on developing algorithms or techniques to increase accuracy rates, our algorithms in principle integrate computing and marketing perspectives. Our findings can be applied to store layout optimization and personalized marketing.
Anatomic Assessment of K-Wire Trajectory for Transverse Percutaneous Fixation of Small Finger Metacarpal Fractures: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Grandizio Louis C. , Speeckaert Amy , Kozick Zach , Klena Joel C.
Published: February 2017

Background: The purpose of this cadaveric study is to evaluate the trajectory of percutaneous transverse Kirschner wire (K-wire) placement for fifth metacarpal fractures relative to the sagittal profile of the fifth metacarpal in order to develop a targeting strategy for the treatment of fifth metacarpal fractures. Methods: Using 12 unmatched fresh human upper limbs, we evaluated the trajectory of percutaneous transverse K-wire placement relative to the sagittal profile of the fifth metacarpal in order to develop a targeting strategy for treatment of fifth metacarpal fractures. The midpoint of the small and ring finger metacarpals in the sagittal plane was identified at 3 points. At each point, a K-wire was inserted from the small finger metacarpal into the midpoint of the ring finger metacarpal (“center-center” position). Results: The angle of the transverse K-wire relative to the table needed to achieve a center-center position averaged 20.8°, 18.9°, and 16.7° for the proximal diaphysis, middiaphysis, and the collateral recess, respectively. Approximately 80% of transversely placed K-wires obtained purchase in the long finger metacarpal. Conclusions: These results can serve as a guide to help surgeons in the accurate placement of percutaneous K-wires for small finger metacarpal fractures and may aid in surgeon training.
Use of Integra in the Management of Complex Hand Wounds From Cancer Resection and Nonburn Trauma
Authors: Reynolds Michael , Kelly David A. , Walker Nicholas J. , Crantford Clayton , Defranzo Anthony J.
Published: February 2017

Background: Despite extensive use of Integra in burn reconstruction, little has been published regarding its utility in complex hand wounds from nonburn trauma or cancer resection. This study aimed to review outcomes following Integra use for hand reconstruction following cancer resection or nonburn trauma with exposed bone, joints, and/or tendons. Methods: Retrospective review was performed of patients undergoing hand reconstruction with Integra for exposed bones, joints, or tendons over a 6-year period at a single institution. Results: Fourteen patients underwent hand reconstruction using Integra, 8 following cancer resection and 6 following acute nonburn trauma. The mean defect size was 19 cm2, 79% had exposed tendon without peritenon, 43% had exposed bone without periosteum, and 28% had exposed joint capsule. Mean time from Integra to skin graft was 11.3 days, and negative-pressure wound therapy did not significantly decrease the mean time from Integra to skin graft placement ( P = .76). Overall, 13 patients achieved successful reconstruction with mean skin graft take of 97%, and 1 required revision amputation at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint. Six months postoperative, 92% patients had return of preoperative hand function. Without any surgical revision, 85% of patients were extremely satisfied with the aesthetic result and 15% were fairly satisfied. Conclusions: Integra is an effective method to treat complex hand wounds with exposed bone, joints, and/or tendons. This technique can be used in the office, lessens the need for local or free flap coverage, and provides an excellent aesthetic outcome. Integra should be considered a viable option in hand reconstruction algorithm.
Design of a transformable mobile robot for enhancing mobility
Authors: Kim Inho , Jeon Wonseok , Yang Hyunseok
Published: February 2017

This article proposes a design of a transformable mobile robot as a new concept of hybrid-type mobile robot in order to enhance mobility. Mobility considered in this work is based on stability, energy efficiency, and the capability to overcome obstacles. The proposed transformable mobile robot can change its bogie link lengths and wheel size. The relationships between mobility and the link length and the wheel size are studied. Its stability, energy efficiency, and the capability to overcome obstacles are compared through the simulations of three famous conventional passive bogie-type robots (Rocker-Bogie, RCL-E, and CRAB types) and the proposed robot. The simulation and experimental results show that the suggested transformable robot is superior to the conventional-type robots in terms of mobility enhancement.
Adaptive fault tolerant control for hypersonic vehicle with external disturbance
Authors: Huang Bing , Li Aijun , Xu Bin
Published: February 2017

In this article, an adaptive fault tolerant control strategy is proposed to solve the trajectory tracking problem of a generic hypersonic vehicle subjected to actuator fault, external disturbance, and input saturation. The longitudinal model of generic hypersonic vehicle is divided into velocity subsystem and altitude subsystem, in which dynamic inversion and backstepping are applied, respectively, to track the desired trajectories. For the unknown maximum disturbance upper bound, actuator fault, and input saturation constraint, adaptive laws are proposed to estimate these information online. Finally, numeric simulation is conducted in the cruise phase for generic hypersonic vehicle. Simulation results show that the controllers designed in this article can make generic hypersonic vehicle track the desired trajectories in the presence of actuator fault, external disturbance, and input saturation.
From geek masculinity to Gamergate: the technological rationality of online abuse
Authors: Salter Michael
Published: February 2017

In 2014, an orchestrated campaign of online abuse known as Gamergate overtook the global video game industry, calling unprecedented attention to the scope of gendered harassment on social media. Using Gamergate as an example, this article argues that explanations of online abuse that focus on its cultural or technological dimensions fail to capture the mediating role of online platforms in facilitating and rationalizing harassment and reputational damage. The concept of technological rationality pulls into focus the shared logics that shape platform design and administration as well as practices of online abuse. Proposed solutions to online abuse that fail to address technological rationality will ultimately leave in place the sociotechnical arrangements that make such abuse possible and impactful.
The Advent of the Camera: Technological Rupture, Gendered Implications and Legal Continuity
Authors: Lake Jessica
Published: February 2017

Technology and law both rest upon, acknowledge and borrow from their forebears, but the trajectory of technological development is distinct from legal precedent. The former thrives on innovative and creative leaps where non-linear progression is celebrated. The latter derives purpose and respect from its conservatism and predictability, adhering to established traditions. At moments of technological rupture, the law’s path forward becomes uncertain. By taking the advent of the photographic camera as its focus, this article comments upon the ways in which the law grapples to smooth over technological rupture and naturalize the outcomes of its often ambiguous and hesitant decisions. As the gendered battle for rights in a photographic image during the last few decades of the 19th century shows, the primary owner of copyright in a photograph was not naturally or obviously the photographer. This article encourages us to reflect upon moments of technological rupture and the process by which the once achievable or feasible becomes absurd or forgotten.
Three-dimensional multiphase flow computational fluid dynamics models for proton exchange membrane fuel cell: A theoretical development
Authors: Kone Jean-Paul , Zhang Xinyu , Yan Yuying , Hu Guilin , Ahmadi Goodarz
Published: February 2017

A review of published three-dimensional, computational fluid dynamics models for proton exchange membrane fuel cells that accounts for multiphase flow is presented. The models can be categorized as models for transport phenomena, geometry or operating condition effects, and thermal effects. The influences of heat and water management on the fuel cell performance have been repeatedly addressed, and these still remain two central issues in proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology. The strengths and weaknesses of the models, the modelling assumptions, and the model validation are discussed. The salient numerical features of the models are examined, and an overview of the most commonly used computational fluid dynamic codes for the numerical modelling of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is given. Comprehensive three-dimensional multiphase flow computational fluid dynamic models accounting for the major transport phenomena inside a complete cell have been developed. However, it has been noted that more research is required to develop models that include among other things, the detailed composition and structure of the catalyst layers, the effects of water droplets movement in the gas flow channels, the consideration of phase change in both the anode and the cathode sides of the fuel cell, and dissolved water transport.
Acromial J-bone graft on the acromion for surgical treatment of glenohumeral instability: an anatomical study
Authors: Sanchez Matthieu , Klouche Shahnaz , Faivre Bruno , Bauer Thomas , Hardy Philippe
Published: February 2017

Background

Anterior glenohumeral instability is frequently associated with anteroinferior glenoid bone defects. One original technique has been described in the literature that incorporates a J-shaped graft from the iliac crest into the anterior glenoid rim. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of harvesting a J-shaped graft from the acromion that corresponds to previously described dimensions. The secondary goal was to determine the ideal harvesting site.

Methods

Forty shoulders from 20 cadavers were included. Twenty grafts were harvested from the posterior acromion and 20 from the lateral acromion. The length, width and thickness of the grafts were measured. The incision was then enlarged to confirm the absence of an acromial fracture by fluoroscopic control.

Results

Harvesting a graft whose size was similar to a J-graft was successfully performed in all cases (100%) with a mean (SD) incision of 4.2 (0.3) cm. Mean (SD) harvesting time was 4.5 (0.5) minutes. Two acromial fractures were identified during lateral harvesting (10%) and none during posterior harvesting ( p = 0.49).

Conclusions

It is always possible to harvest a J-graft on the acromion. The posterior side of the acromion is the best site to harvest a graft that has the necessary size to treat glenoid bone defects.
Implementing Target Value Design
Authors: Alves Thais da C. L. , Lichtig Will , Rybkowski Zofia K.
Published: February 2017

An alternative to the traditional way of designing projects is the process of target value design (TVD), which takes different departure points to start the design process. The TVD process starts with the client defining an allowable cost that needs to be met by the design and construction teams. An expected cost in the TVD process is defined through multiple interactions between multiple stakeholders who define wishes and others who define ways of achieving these wishes. Finally, a target cost is defined based on the expected profit the design and construction teams are expecting to make. TVD follows a series of continuous improvement efforts aimed at reaching the desired goals for the project and its associated target value cost. The process takes advantage of rapid cycles of suggestions, analyses, and implementation that starts with the definition of value for the client. In the traditional design process, the goal is to identify user preferences and find solutions that meet the needs of the client’s expressed preferences. In the lean design process, the goal is to educate users about their values and advocate for a better facility over the long run; this way owners can help contractors and designers to identify better solutions. This article aims to inform the healthcare community about tools and techniques commonly used during the TVD process and how they can be used to educate and support project participants in developing better solutions to meet their needs now as well as in the future.
Replicating and Extending Our Understanding of How Managers Can Adjust the “Warm Glow Thermostat”
Authors: Giebelhausen Michael , Chun HaeEun Helen
Published: February 2017

This article presents four studies that replicate and extend a recent article examining how guest participation in voluntary green programs (e.g., towel reuse) increases service satisfaction by evoking a “warm glow” response. Importantly for managers, we not only replicate across new hospitality and service contexts but also conceptualize alternative incentive paradigms, and test alternative mediators. In particular, we reconceptualize the “self-benefiting” versus “other-benefiting” incentive structure presented by Giebelhausen, Chun, Cronin, and Hult to consider “virtue,” “vice,” and “cash” incentives (i.e., three different types of self-benefiting incentives). The results provide managers with a better understanding of how they should promote and reward sustainable guest behavior. In addition to managerial implications, the present research also contributes to the academic literature on a growing phenomenon that has important implications for both business and society at large.
Investigating the Occupational Challenges of Corner Store Workers Operating in Baltimore City Food Deserts
Authors: Ceryes Caitlin A. , Flamm Laura , Fitzgerald Sheila
Published: February 2017

A qualitative pilot study was conducted in Baltimore City with the aim of documenting specific occupational safety challenges of small-scale urban retailers, or “corner store” owners. Semistructured interviews with a small sample ( n = 4) revealed significant challenges for owners and workers, and revealed potential areas for occupational health intervention.
Strengths and Weaknesses in the Intellectual Profile of Different Subtypes of Specific Learning Disorder
Authors: Toffalini Enrico , Giofrè David , Cornoldi Cesare
Published: February 2017

The present study analyzes whether and how the most common diagnoses within the specific learning disorder (SLD) category are characterized by different intellectual profiles. The issue is relevant to the current debate on the unitary versus decomposable nature of the SLD category and may help define specific interventions. Intellectual profiles were obtained using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–IV (WISC-IV) on 1,049 children diagnosed with SLD using the ICD-10 codes. Four major subsamples were compared: reading disorder, spelling disorder, disorder of arithmetical skills, and mixed disorder of scholastic skills. The four main WISC-IV indexes (verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed) were considered. Results showed that all SLD subgroups share similar weaknesses in working memory and processing speed, but they also showed that the subgroups are characterized by partly different intellectual profiles. These specificities should be considered in the definition of SLD.
The Pioneering Contributions of Irving Gottesman
Authors: Nuechterlein Keith H.
Published: February 2017

Irving Gottesman was one of the leading psychopathologists and behavior geneticists of our time, greatly influencing our basic conceptualization of the transmission of schizophrenia and other major mental disorders in ways that impacted research programs around the world. Here we highlight his landmark twin studies of schizophrenia, his introduction of the concept of endophenotypes, and his role in providing the conceptual base for vulnerability/stress models of schizophrenia. His ability to influence our basic assumptions about the nature of genetic factors, environmental factors, and their interaction in the onset and course of major mental disorders was truly remarkable.
Immediate costs of mini-open versus arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in an Asian population
Authors: Hui Yik Jing , Teo Alex Quok An , Sharma Siddharth , Tan Bryan Hsi Ming , Kumar V Prem
Published: February 2017

Objective:

While there has been increasing interest in minimally invasive surgery, the expenses incurred by patients undergoing this form of surgery have not been comprehensively studied. The authors compared the costs borne by patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with the standard mini-open repair at a tertiary hospital in an Asian population.

Patients and Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study. The authors studied the inpatient hospital bills of patients following rotator cuff tear repair between January 2010 and October 2014 via the hospital electronic medical records system. 148 patients had arthroscopic repair and 78 had mini-open repair. The cost of implants, consumables, and the total cost of hospitalization were analyzed. Operative times and length of stay for both procedures were also studied. Constant scores and American Shoulder Elbow Scores (ASES) were recorded preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively.

Results:

Three fellowship-trained surgeons performed arthroscopic repairs and one performed the mini-open repair. The cost of implants and consumables was significantly higher with arthroscopic repair. The duration of surgery was also significantly longer with that technique. There was no difference in length of stay between the two techniques. There was also no difference in Constant scores or ASES scores, both preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusions:

The immediate costs of mini-open repair of rotator cuff tears are significantly less than that of arthroscopic repair. Most of the difference arises from the cost of implants and consumables. Equivalent functional outcomes from both techniques suggest that mini-open repair may be more cost-effective.
Risk factors for adjacent segment degeneration after iliac screw fixation in lumbar degenerative kyphoscoliosis
Authors: Kim Sang-Il , Ha Kee-Yong , Suh Dong-Whan , Oh In-Soo
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

To analyze pre- and postoperative spinopelvic parameters and sagittal profiles in lumbar degenerative kyphoscoliosis (LDK) patients who underwent surgery using iliac screw (IS) and the incidence and risk factor of radiological adjacent segment degeneration (ASD).

Methods:

A total of 32 patients, who had undergone surgical correction and lumbar/thoracolumbar fusion with pedicle screws and IS instrumentation for LDK with a minimum 2-year follow-up, were included. Ten cases with ASD (group 1) and 22 cases without ASD (group 2) were compared to see pre- and postoperative change in sagittal view of spine and adjacent segment. Parameters of both groups were analyzed before and after surgery with each parameters being tested on correlativity. All deformity types of patients were classified using Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-Schwab classification. Risk factors of ASD were evaluated using variables of SRS-Schwab classification.

Results:

Group 1, rather than group 2, showed significant increment in pelvic incidence (PI). Curve types, classified using SRS-Schwab classification, were all corrected using IS; and after correction, coronal curve type was N curve and PI minus lumbar lordosis (LL) and pelvic tilt showed tendency to decrease. Cases with preoperative sagittal vertical axis (SVA) more than 10 cm and with postoperative PI minus LL more than 20° were at higher risk of developing ASD.

Conclusion:

For those with high PI, it might be a risk to cause ASD. Maintaining normal thoracic and lumbar angle, correction of SVA less than 4 cm, and PI minus LL below 20° are proper ways to avoid ASD after surgery.