bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Process Flow Modeling for an In‐Time Aviation Safety Management System
Authors: Mbaye Seydou , Jones Garfield , Davies Misty D.
Published: July 2023

In 2018, the National Academies challenged the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to lead the development of an In‐Time Aviation Safety Management System (IASMS). This IASMS would enable increasingly autonomous aviation operations by automating the safety monitoring, assessment, and mitigation functions currently performed manually as part of the Safety Management System (SMS) process. In this paper, we detail today's SMS processes. We will also be drafting a process flow of today's SMS based on the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)'s guidelines. Furthermore, we will be developing bowtie diagrams for two use case scenarios identified by the Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) in their Disaster Monitoring and First Response studies.
Gender‐based Differences in the INCOSE Professional Competencies
Authors: Hahn Heidi Ann
Published: July 2023

In 2018, the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) introduced a set of competencies for systems engineers in a framework structure that gives guidance as to the knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors important to systems engineering effectiveness at each of five “levels” of competence, ranging from awareness to expert. There are five categories of competencies: Core, Technical, Professional, Systems Engineering Management, and Integrating.

The purpose of this paper is to explore research‐grounded gender‐related differences in the INCOSE Professional Competencies and their implications for the ability of systems engineers of either gender to apply them in practice.
The Power of Connection between Systems Engineering and 3D Wire Harness: Model‐Based Wire Harness Engineering at Lockheed Martin Skunk Works
Authors: Meeker Chris , Davies Clifton , Fontanié Pascal , Pavalkis Saulius , Sery Axelle , Yang Zhen
Published: July 2023

Lockheed Martin Skunk Works has extended their digital engineering approach for wire harness engineering to span system architecture, logical design, 3D design and manufacturing representation. Their Model‐Based Wire Harness Engineering realizes the promise of Model‐Based Systems Engineering through significant improvements in integrating SysML models and 3D designs.
Risk and protective factors for pregnancy‐related urinary incontinence until 1 year postpartum: A cohort study using patient‐reported outcome measures in Italy
Authors: Ferrari Amerigo , Mannella Paolo , Caputo Alessia , Simoncini Tommaso , Bonciani Manila
Published: July 2023

Objective

To investigate the epidemiology of pregnancy‐related urinary incontinence (UI) and the related risk factors, focusing also on women's characteristics related to maternity pathway utilization.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, we used patient‐reported data obtained from the systematic survey on the maternity pathway that all pregnant women in Tuscany, Italy, can join. We selected 8410 women who completed—between March 2019 and November 2022—all five follow‐up questionnaires from the first trimester until 12 months postpartum, each including a UI‐specific patient‐reported outcome measure. We performed panel regression models to explore the related risk factors.

Results

Prevalence of UI was 4.4% at the first trimester, 23.7% at the third trimester, and 15.6%, 12.6%, and 12.4% at 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum. UI occurrence and severity were higher in older, overweight/obese, and unemployed women. High‐risk pregnancy and discomfort during pregnancy were risk factors. Receiving a cesarean section reduced the risk, while spontaneous tears, episiotomy, and high birth weight increased it. Women who experienced delays in pregnancy examinations because of long waiting times and women who had planned pregnancy had a higher risk, while performing during‐pregnancy pelvic‐floor‐muscle training was protective.

Conclusion

Besides confirming the classic risk and protective factors for UI, we also found novel determinants related to the proper maternity pathway utilization.
Drug use and suicidal ideation in the daily lives of individuals in a dialectical behavior therapy program
Authors: McCool Matison W. , Mochrie Kirk D. , Lothes John E. , Guendner Eric , John Jane St. , Noel Nora E.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Substance use disorders and borderline personality disorders (BPD) often co‐occur and may be concurrently treated by Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). However, there is limited information on how drug use and suicidal ideation may interact in the daily lives of individuals receiving DBT treatment.

Methods

This study examined the DBT diary cards of 47 individuals in a community mental health center's partial hospital and intensive outpatient program. Multilevel modeling techniques were used to examine the moderating effects of BPD symptom severity on the relationship between same day, 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐day lagged drug use and suicidal ideation.

Results

Results indicated a significant relationship between same‐day, 1‐day lagged, 2‐day lagged drug use and suicidal ideation. BPD was a moderator for the relationship between 1‐day lagged drug use and suicidal ideation.

Conclusion

Limitations of the study include the measure for BPD symptom severity was only collected pretreatment and the results are likely limited to the effects of cannabis use on suicidal ideation. Clinicians may need to consider the prolonged effects of drug use on suicidal ideation when conducting chain analyses on suicidal behaviors.
Enhanced Abductor Function in Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis with Muscle Stem Cells
Authors: Paniello Randal C. , Brookes Sarah , Zhang Hongji , Halum Stacey
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Patients with bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP) experience airway obstruction because of loss of abductor function of posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles. We previously reported that implantation of autologous muscle progenitor (stem) cells into thyroarytenoid muscles during reinnervation resulted in improved adductor function. In this study, that same approach was applied to treating PCA muscles in a canine model of BVFP.

Design

Animal study.

Methods

Two canines underwent baseline measures of glottal resistance (GR), then complete transection and suture repair of both recurrent laryngeal nerves. Muscle stem cells were isolated from skeletal muscle and cultured. Two months later, GR was measured, and then 107 stem cells were implanted into one PCA muscle of each animal. After four more months, GR and glottal opening force (GOF) were measured and the muscles were harvested for histologic study. One control dog underwent the same procedures without stem cell implantation, for comparison.

Results

GR increased by 21%–25% over baseline at 2 months, but after stem cell implantation, improved to 10%–14% over baseline at 6 months. PCA muscle strength, as determined by GOF, was 61%–65% on control sides (no stem cells), and 78%–83% on treated sides (with stem cells). Histology confirmed survival of stem cells and a 50% higher rate of innervation of motor endplates in the stem cell treated sides.

Conclusion

Autologous muscle progenitor (stem) cells show promise as a potential new therapy for patients with bilateral vocal fold paralysis. Additional studies are needed to determine the optimal number of cells, timing of implantation, and other variables before launching a clinical trial.

Level of Evidence

NA (animal study) Laryngoscope, 134:324–328, 2024
Eosinophilic pneumonia developed after dupilumab administration in a patient with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kanata Kei , Shirai Toshihiro , Ichijo Koshiro , Uehara Masahiro
Published: July 2023

A 63‐year‐old woman with refractory atopic dermatitis started treatment with dupilumab. She developed a cough 4 days later, sputum, and a slight fever 2 weeks later. Laboratory test results showed a blood eosinophil count of 7360/μL. Chest x‐ray and computed tomography scan showed infiltrative shadows with surrounding consolidation of both upper lobes. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophil count was increased (50.0%), and histopathological findings were consistent with numerous eosinophilic infiltrations. Treatment with prednisolone 30 mg/day (0.5 mg/kg/day) was initiated. Her symptom resolved, and the shadow of the lung fields improved. There have been no reported cases of eosinophilic pneumonia diagnosed 7 weeks after the administration of dupilumab for atopic dermatitis.
Simultaneous denitrification and electricity generation in a methane‐powered bioelectrochemical system
Authors: Chen Long , Guo Yanli , Zhang Shaohui , Ma Wenqing
Published: July 2023

Bioelectrochemical system is a novel method for controlling down nitrate pollution, yet the feasibility of using methane as the electron donors for denitrification in this system remains unknown. In this study, using the effluent from mother BESs as inocula, a denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation bioelectrochemical system was successfully started up in 92 days. When operated with 50 mmol/L phosphate buffer solution at pH 7 and 30°C, the maximum methane consumption, nitrate, and total nitrogen removal load reached 0.23 ± 0.01 mmol/d, 551.0 ± 22.1 mg N/m3/d, and 64.0 ± 18.8 mg N/m3/d, respectively. Meanwhile, the peak voltage of 93 ± 4 mV, the anodic coulombic efficiency of 6.99 ± 0.20%, and the maximum power density of 219.86 mW/m3 were obtained. The metagenomics profiles revealed that the dominant denitrifying bacteria in the cathodic chamber reduced most nitrate to nitrite through denitrification and assimilatory reduction. In the anodic chamber, various archaea including methanotrophs and methanogens converted methane via reverse methanogenesis to form formate (or H2), acetate, and methyl compounds, which were than utilized by electroactive bacteria to generate electricity.

Practitioner Points

A denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation BES was successfully started up in 92 d.

Simultaneous removal of methane and nitrate was achieved in the DAMO‐BES.

Functional genes related to AMO and denitrification were detected in the DAMO‐BES.

Methylocystis can mediate AMO in the anode and denitrification in the cathode.
Values Education, Politics and Religion
Authors: Grümme Bernhard
Published: July 2023

Values are controversial and the discourse on values is a discourse on crisis. Simultaneously, it becomes clear that values must also be learned. This connection between values and education becomes even more dynamic when one enters the field of religion and politics. How can religious or even Christian values be conveyed in the heterogeneity of late-modern societies in such a way that they have an orienting and meaningful effect without demoting the goals of autonomy? The reflections here aim to develop a profile of values education, which will then be defined with examples from the EVS research. The following considerations attempt to clarify the concept of values, develop a profile of religious values education, and provide a real-life illustration of this by using the example of compassion education. In doing so, the following thesis is validated: Religious education is by no means identical to values education. But it can make a critical and productive contribution to the current discourse on values precisely because of its specificity regarding the idea of God and its integrative, politically dimensioned concept of education. This concept of education is self-reflexive, since it includes consideration of the unreflective assumptions of the EVS and its context.
Values: A Contested Concept. Problem Outline and Interdisciplinary Approaches
Authors: Polak Regina
Published: July 2023

The concept of values builds the ‘umbrella’ of this interdisciplinary volume. But what ‘are’ values? Our volume documents, that values are a contested concept. In this chapter, I want to discuss the polysemic and ambiguous meanings and functions of this term and identify its strengths and weaknesses for public and political discourse. In this way, a more qualified and differentiated reference to values shall be promoted, particularly in the debates about European values. The discussion of values will be achieved using three approaches. First, the concept of values used in the European Values Study (EVS) will be presented. As the EVS does not claim a clear definition of values, a thematic problem outline will, second, reflect the questions, problems, and difficulties occurring in an unreflected usage of this contested term, with a special focus on the relationship between values and religion. Third, an overview of diverse academic definitions and theories of values demonstrates that there is no unique and conclusive definition of this concept. However, this article aims at providing arguments for why exactly the polysemy and ambiguity of the concept of values can be perceived as a strength, if we are aware of the problems and relate them to the results of values research. Thus, we purposely abstain from a final definition of values and hope to inspire further qualified interdisciplinary research, which is a desideratum that has become visible in our project.
Non-singular pre-big bang scenarios from all-order α′ corrections
Authors: Gasperini M. , Veneziano G.
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We reformulate in Hamiltonian language the recent proposal by Hohm and Zwiebach of an action yielding the most general O(d, d)-symmetric string cosmology equations, at tree-level in the string-loop expansion, but to all orders in the α′ expansion. This allows us to give a simple characterization of a large class of non-singular, non-perturbative, pre-big bang scenarios smoothly interpolating between a low-energy initial accelerated (string frame) expansion and a phase of final (string and Einstein frame) decelerated expansion. Interestingly, these solutions must necessarily include, just around the bounce, a very short phase of (string-frame) contraction.
Weakening of Compressive Strength of Granite by Piezoelectric Actuation of Quartz Using High-Frequency and High-Voltage Alternating Current: A 3D Numerical Study
Authors: Saksala Timo , Rubio Ruiz Rafael Arturo , Kane Pascal-Alexandre , Hokka Mikko
Published: July 2023

Piezoelectric excitation of quartz mineral phase in granite using high-frequency and high-voltage alternating current (HF-HV-AC) is a potential new weakening pretreatment in comminution of rock. The present study addresses this topic numerically by quantifying the weakening effect on the compressive strength of granite. For this end, a numerical method based on a damage-viscoplasticity model for granite failure under piezoelectric actuation is developed. The rock material is modelled as heterogeneous and isotropic. However, the piezoelectric properties of quartz are anisotropic. The governing global piezoelectro-mechanical problem is solved in a staggered manner explicitly in time. Numerical simulations predict that the weakening effect on compressive strength of granite is 10% with the excitation frequency and voltage of 274.4 kHz and 150 kV of the pretreatment. As the weakening effect takes place at a natural frequency of the numerical rock sample, the quartz content has only a slight effect on the frequency at which maximum weakening occurs. Moreover, the weakening effect depends strongly on the orientation of the quartz crystals. In a more practical application of simulating low-rate compression of a sphere-shaped rock sample, a weakening effect of 8% after the HF-HV-AC pretreatment was predicted.
Influence of structural defects on charge density waves in 1T-TaS2
Authors: Lutsyk Iaroslav , Szalowski Karoli , Krukowski Pawel , Dabrowski Pawel , Rogala Maciej , Kozlowski Witold , Le Ster Maxime , Piskorski Michal , Kowalczyk Dorota A. , Rys Wojciech , Dunal Rafal , Nadolska Aleksandra , Toczek Klaudia , Przybysz Przemyslaw , Lacinska Ewa , Binder Johannes , Wysmolek Andrzej , Olszowska Natalia , Kolodziej Jacek J. , Gmitra Martin , Hattori Takuma , Kuwahara Yuji , Bian Guang , Chiang Tai-Chang , Kowalczyk Pawel J.
Published: July 2023

The influence of intrinsic defects of 1T-TaS2 on charge density waves (CDWs) is studied using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM, STS), angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES), and density functional theory (DFT). We identify several types of structural defects and find that most have a local character limited to a single CDW site, with a single exception which effectively behaves as a dopant, leading to band-bending and affecting multiple neighboring sites. While only one type of defect can be observed by STM topographic imaging, all defects are easily resolved in STS mapping. Our results indicate modulation of the Mott band gap commensurate with the CDW and breaking of the three-fold symmetry of electronic states. DFT calculations (with included Coulomb interactions) are used to investigate the electronic structure, focusing on both sulfur vacancy and oxygen-sulfur substitution. The sulfur vacancy system, characterized with a metallic behavior, is identified as the origin of one of the experimentally observed defects. Additionally, the effect of oxidation of 1T-TaS2 depends on the substitution site, leading to the heterogeneity of electronic properties.
The Physical-Emotional Distinction in Tort
Authors: Petrov Philip
Published: July 2023

Several legal scholars have recently argued that U.S. tort law’s physical-emotional distinction commits tort to the objectionable position of mind-body dualism, but they have not considered the distinction’s role as an aid to judicial cognition and decision-making. Drawing primarily on the law of negligent infliction of emotional distress, this essay argues that tort’s physical-emotional distinction is not a relic of mind-body dualism but a heuristic that judges have used to structure and simplify the difficult but unavoidable task of drawing lines between legally cognizable and non-cognizable harm. The analysis has at least three normative implications: (1) users of tort’s physical-emotional distinction should clarify that they neither endorse dualism nor depreciate emotional harm; (2) because judicial expertise may not extend to the task of drawing lines between legally cognizable and non-cognizable harm, judicial performance in this area may be more adequate than critics suggest; and (3) although it may not be possible to determine the optimal way of drawing lines between legally cognizable and non-cognizable emotional harm, moral-philosophical tools such as Rawlsian and Scanlonian contractualism may be able to identify partial or pro tanto considerations for choosing among different ways of doing so.
‘In a Witches’ World’: Hegel and the Symbolic Grotesque
Authors: de Almeida Rodrigues Beatriz
Published: July 2023

In his Lectures on Fine Art (1835), Hegel emphasizes the grotesque character of Indian art. Grotesqueness results, in his view, from a contradiction between meaning and shape due to the incongruous combination of spiritual and material elements. Since Hegel's history of art is teeming with examples of inadequacy between meaning and shape, this paper aims to distinguish the grotesque from other types of artistic dissonance and to problematize Hegel's ascriptions of grotesqueness to ancient Indian art. In the first part of the paper, I characterize the grotesque by the unnatural distortion of natural shapes with the purpose of achieving a direct sensuous manifestation of an indeterminate and impersonal divinity, Brahman. Such an attempt is, in Hegel's view, self-contradictory and self-defeating, leading to an exaggeration of the conflict between nature and spirit instead of the intended reconciliation between the two parts. In the second part of the paper, I compare Hegel's account of Indian art to the ‘monstrous myths’ of early modern Europe. Unlike his predecessors, Hegel legitimizes the grotesque representations of Hindu gods as endowed with profound meaning and the result of a universal human need, yet he describes them as ultimately irrational and repulsive based on a prejudiced view of the Indian people(s). In this sense, Hegel's assessment of Indian art functions as a reflection of modern European culture, its fascination and horror in the face of what Enlightenment could not entirely purge, rather than as a truthful and objective account of Indian art and culture. By questioning Hegel's characterization of Hindu iconography and mythology, this paper contributes to underexplored areas of Hegelian aesthetics, namely Hegel's account of symbolic art, especially Indian art, as well as his views on negative aesthetic experiences and values.
Characteristics and outcomes of Clostridioides difficile infection after a change in the diagnostic testing algorithm
Authors: Crone Andrew S. , Wright Lorinda M. , Cheknis Adam , Johnson Stuart , Pacheco Susan M. , Skinner Andrew M.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for the detection of C. difficile is a highly sensitive test. Some clinical laboratories have included a 2-step testing algorithm utilizing PCR plus toxin enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) to increase specificity.

Objective:

To determine the risk factors and outcomes of C. difficile PCR-positive/toxin-positive encounters compared to PCR-positive/toxin-negative encounters.

Design:

Retrospective study.

Setting:

A Veterans’ Affairs hospital.

Methods:

A retrospective case–control study of patient encounters with a positive C. difficile test by PCR and either a toxin EIA–positive assay (ie, cases) or toxin EIA–negative assay (ie, controls). Clinically relevant exposures and risk factors were determined to assess CDI recurrence at 30 days. Available encounter stool specimens were cultured for C. difficile and were subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) strain typing.

Results:

Among 130 C. difficile PCR-positive patient encounters, 80 (61.5%) were toxin EIA negative and 50 (38.5%) were toxin EIA positive. Encounters that were toxin positive were more frequently treated (96.0%) compared to toxin-negative encounters (71.3%; P < .01). A multivariable logistic regression model revealed that toxin-negative encounters were less likely to suffer a recurrent CDI episode within 30 days (odds ratio [OR], 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05–0.83). Additionally, a higher C. difficile PCR cycle threshold predicted a lower risk of CDI recurrence at 30 days. (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68–0.98). During the study period, the REA group Y strain accounted for most toxin-negative encounters (32.5%; P = .05), whereas REA group BI strain accounted for most toxin-positive encounters (24.3%; P = .02).

Conclusions:

A testing strategy of PCR plus toxin EIA helped predict recurrent CDI.
An unstable mode of the stratified atmosphere under the non-traditional Coriolis acceleration
Authors: Chew Ray , Schlutow Mark , Klein Rupert
Published: July 2023

The traditional approximation neglects the cosine components of the Coriolis acceleration, and this approximation has been widely used in the study of geophysical phenomena. However, the justification of the traditional approximation is questionable under a few circumstances. In particular, dynamics with substantial vertical velocities or geophysical phenomena in the tropics have non-negligible cosine Coriolis terms. Such cases warrant investigations with the non-traditional setting, i.e. the full Coriolis acceleration. In this manuscript, we study the effect of the non-traditional setting on an isothermal, hydrostatic and compressible atmosphere assuming a meridionally homogeneous flow. Employing linear stability analysis, we show that, given appropriate boundary conditions, i.e. a bottom boundary condition that allows for a vertical energy flux and non-reflecting boundary at the top, the atmosphere at rest becomes prone to a novel unstable mode. The validity of assuming a meridionally homogeneous flow is investigated via scale analysis. Numerical experiments were conducted, and Rayleigh damping was used as a numerical approximation for the non-reflecting top boundary. Our three main results are as follows: (i) experiments involving the full Coriolis terms exhibit an exponentially growing instability, yet experiments subjected to the traditional approximation remain stable; (ii) the experimental instability growth rate is close to the theoretical value; (iii) a perturbed version of the unstable mode arises even under sub-optimal bottom boundary conditions. Finally, we conclude our study by discussing the limitations, implications and remaining open questions. Specifically, the influence on numerical deep-atmosphere models and possible physical interpretations of the unstable mode are discussed.
A revisit to “On BMO and Carleson measures on Riemannian manifolds”
Authors: Li Bo , Li Jinxia , Lin Qingze , Ma Bolin , Shen Tianjun
Published: July 2023

Let $\mathcal {M}$ be an Ahlfors $n$-regular Riemannian manifold such that either the Ricci curvature is non-negative or the Ricci curvature is bounded from below together with a bound on the gradient of the heat kernel. In the paper [IMRN, 2022, no. 2, 1245-1269] of Brazke–Schikorra–Sire, the authors characterised the BMO function $u : \mathcal {M} \to \mathbb {R}$ by a Carleson measure condition of its $\sigma$-harmonic extension $U:\mathcal {M}\times \mathbb {R}_+ \to \mathbb {R}$. This paper is concerned with the similar problem under a more general Dirichlet metric measure space setting, and the limiting behaviours of BMO & Carleson measure, where the heat kernel admits only the so-called diagonal upper estimate. More significantly, without the Ricci curvature condition, we relax the Ahlfors regularity to a doubling property, and remove the pointwise bound on the gradient of the heat kernel. Some similar results for the Lipschitz function are also given, and two open problems related to our main result are considered.
Influence of environmental factors on biodiversity, abundance and the distribution pattern of dinoflagellates and ciliates during spring and summer in coastal waters of Algeria (southwestern Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Sidi Ali Redha , Khames Ghollame Ellah Yacine , Alioua Zakia , Seridji Rabea
Published: July 2023

The objective of this study was to assess the distribution patterns of dinoflagellates and ciliates communities during planktonic bloom and post-bloom development periods, in relation to environmental parameters. Their distribution was studied during spring and summer 2012, in coastal waters of Algeria at six sampling stations (four sampling layers). Overall, 116 species were identified, including 98 dinoflagellates. The species richness of microzooplankton was higher in summer (81 species: 67 dinoflagellates, seven tintinnids and seven ciliates) than in spring (76 species: 72 dinoflagellates, three naked ciliates and one tintinnid). Significant difference in total abundances was observed between spring (median = 145 ind l−1) and summer (median = 90 ind l−1) but no significance (P > 0.05, Mann–Whitney test) in Shannon–Wiener (H′spring: 3.31 bits ind−1; H′summer: 3.70 bits ind−1) and evenness (Espring: 0.77; Esummer: 0.84) indices. The ciliate average abundance was higher in summer (11.3 ind l−1) than in spring (1.95 ind l−1), whereas dinoflagellate average abundance was lower in summer (127.92 ind l−1) than spring (190.19 ind l−1). Non-metric multidimensional scaling was used to identify different sample assemblages. It showed that temperature and salinity influenced the distribution pattern in the canonical correspondence analysis followed by chlorophyll a, silicate and nitrate concentrations. Our framework provides insight regarding trait trade off with implications for feedbacks to ecosystems, aiming to bridge the gap of plankton community ecology in Algeria. It elaborates a taxonomic list of dinoflagellates and ciliates in the marine pelagic ecosystem and performs their ecological characterization in their environment.
Noble houses and palaces: reconsidering the existence of palaces in Late Postclassic (A.D. 1250/1300–1519) Tepeticpac, Tlaxcallan
Authors: Robles Salmerón M. Amparo , Corral Aurelio López , Salomón Salazar M. Teresa
Published: July 2023

Archaeological research on palaces and architectural spaces related to power factions allow a better understanding of the social dynamics of political economies. Several types of palaces appear in Mesoamerica according to distinct forms of sociopolitical organization. For Tlaxcallan, a Late Postclassic (A.D. 1250/1300–1519) geopolitical state-level polity with a highly collective government, the existence of palaces has been questioned. We reconsider the existence of palaces in Tlaxcallan through the contextual analysis of an architectural complex (CA-2) of Tepeticpac, one of the sectors of the conurbated area. We evaluate the functionality of CA-2 as a palace by examining the processes of occupation and abandonment of the building in relation to its architectural and stratigraphic sequence and the type of associated artifacts. The comparison between archaeological and historical data indicate that Tlaxcallans probably had palaces, but they were less ostentatious compared to others found in societies with more centralized governments.
Cytoplasmic HIF-2α as tissue biomarker to identify metastatic sympathetic paraganglioma
Authors: Karakaya Sinan , Gunnesson Lisa , Elias Erik , Martos-Salvo Paula , Robledo Mercedes , Nilsson Ola , Wängberg Bo , Abel Frida , Påhlman Sven , Muth Andreas , Mohlin Sofie
Published: July 2023

Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors. PGLs can further be divided into sympathetic (sPGLs) and head-and-neck (HN-PGLs). There are virtually no treatment options, and no cure, for metastatic PCCs and PGLs (PPGLs). Here, we composed a tissue microarray (TMA) consisting of 149 PPGLs, reflecting clinical features, presenting as a useful resource. Mutations in the pseudohypoxic marker HIF-2α correlate to an aggressive tumor phenotype. We show that HIF-2α localized to the cytoplasm in PPGLs. This subcompartmentalized protein expression differed between tumor subtypes, and strongly correlated to proliferation. Half of all sPGLs were metastatic at time of diagnosis. Cytoplasmic HIF-2α was strongly expressed in metastatic sPGLs and predicted poor outcome in this subgroup. We propose that higher cytoplasmic HIF-2α expression could serve as a useful clinical marker to differentiate paragangliomas from pheochromocytomas, and may help predict outcome in sPGL patients.
The association between urinary phthalate metabolites and serum thyroid function in US adolescents
Authors: Xiang Shi-ting , Cao Yuhan , Dong Jie , Li Chao , Qiu Jun , Li Xun
Published: July 2023

The aim was to investigate the association between mixed exposure to phthalates and serum thyroid function among US adolescents. The study used 2007–2008 survey data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Data on urinary phthalates metabolites and serum thyroid function indicators were collected. The weighted multivariable linear regression models and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) analyses were used to analyze the relationship between phthalates metabolites and thyroid function. A total of 356 adolescents aged 12–19 years were included in the analysis. Linear regression models showed that mono-(carboxyisoctyl) phthalate (MCOP) was positively correlated with total triiodothyronine (TT3) (β = 0.045, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.022, 0.068) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (β = 0.1461, 95% CI 0.059, 0.232), while mono-(carboxyisononyl) phthalate (MCNP) was negatively correlated with TSH (β = − 0.119, 95% CI − 0.196, − 0.042). BKMR analyses showed phthalate metabolites mixtures have significantly positive overall effect on TT3. Exposure to phthalate mixtures might be positively correlated with increased TT3 serum level in US adolescents. The study provided evidence for the association between mixed phthalates exposure and thyroid health in adolescent population.
Genome-wide polygenic risk score for type 2 diabetes in Indian population
Authors: Pemmasani Sandhya Kiran , Atmakuri Shravya , Acharya Anuradha
Published: July 2023

Genome-wide polygenic risk scores (PRS) for lifestyle disorders, like Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), are useful in identifying at-risk individuals early on in life, and to guide them towards healthier lifestyles. The current study was aimed at developing PRS for the Indian population using imputed genotype data from UK Biobank and testing the developed PRS on data from GenomegaDB of Indians living in India. 959 T2D cases and 2,818 controls were selected from Indian participants of UK Biobank to develop the PRS. Summary statistics available for South Asians, from the DIAMANTE consortium, were used to weigh genetic variants. LDpred2 algorithm was used to adjust the effect of linkage disequilibrium among the variants. The association of PRS with T2D, after adjusting for age, sex and top ten genetic principal components, was found to be very significant (AUC = 0.7953, OR = 2.9856 [95% CI: 2.7044–3.2961]). When participants were divided into four PRS quartile groups, the odds of developing T2D increased sequentially with the higher PRS groups. The highest PRS group (top 25%) showed 5.79 fold increased risk compared to the rest of the participants (75%). The PRS derived using the same set of variants was found to be significantly associated with T2D in the test dataset of 445 Indians (AUC = 0.7781, OR = 1.6656 [95%CI = 0.6127–4.5278]). Our study demonstrates a framework to derive Indian-specific PRS for T2D. The accuracy of the derived PRS shows it’s potential to be used as a prognostic metric to stratify individuals, and to recommend personalized preventive strategies.
A multi-model architecture based on deep learning for aircraft load prediction
Authors: Sun Chenxi , Li Hongyan , Dui Hongna , Hong Shenda , Sun Yongyue , Song Moxian , Cai Derun , Zhang Baofeng , Wang Qiang , Wang Yongjun , Liu Bo
Published: July 2023

Monitoring aircraft structural health with changing loads is critical in aviation and aerospace engineering. However, the load equation needs to be calibrated by ground testing which is costly, and inefficient. Here, we report a general deep learning-based aircraft load model for strain prediction and load model calibration through a two-phase process. First, we identified the causality between key flight parameters and strains. The prediction equation was then integrated into the monitoring process to build a more general load model for load coefficients calibration. This model achieves a 97.16% prediction accuracy and 99.49% goodness-of-fit for a prototype system with 2 million collected flight recording data. This model reduces the effort of ground tests and provides more accurate load prediction with adapted aircraft parameters.
Correction: Unorthodox crystalline drug salts via the reaction of amine-containing drugs with CO2
Authors: Soltani Mohammad , Mash Brandon L. , Henseler Julian , Badri Sharhzad , Zeller Matthias , Salter E. Alan , Wierzbicki Andrzej , Stenson Alexandra C. , Davis James H.
Published: July 2023

Correction for ‘Unorthodox crystalline drug salts via the reaction of amine-containing drugs with CO2’ by Mohammad Soltani et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 13546–13549, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CC06429J.
Enhanced electrochemical performances based on ZnSnO3 microcubes functionalized in-doped carbon nanofibers as free-standing anode materials
Authors: Li Xiaoqiang , Guan Guangguang , Yu Chuanjin , Cheng Bingjie , Chen Xin , Zhang Kaiyin , Xiang Jun
Published: July 2023

An as-prepared flexible ZSO@CNFM is directly utilized as an electrode in LIBs without the use of any binders or conductive additives and exhibits superior electrochemical performance.
Enhanced optical absorption in two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (C6H5CH2NH3)2PbI4 perovskites via biaxial strain and surface doping
Authors: Zhao Wen-Hui , Liang Zheng , Liu Yao-Zhong , Deng Zi-Qiang , Ouyang Yu-Lou , Tan Rui , Yao Yong-Sheng , Wei Xiao-Lin , Tang Zhen-Kun
Published: July 2023

The optical absorption of the 2D (C6H5CH2NH3)2PbI4 enhanced under suitable strains and surface I atoms replaced by Br. The highest absorption peak appears in 2D (C6H5CH2NH3)2PbI4 under a −2% strain, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency is 28.5%.
Recent advances on the construction of long-wavelength emissive supramolecular coordination complexes for photo-diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Ye Huan , Cai Fei , Sun Yao
Published: July 2023

Schematic diagram of the diagnosis and treatment of NIR-II emissive SCCs.
Room temperature deoxofluorination of aromatic aldehydes with XtalFluor-E under highly concentrated conditions
Authors: Thibeault Olivier , Ouellet-Du Berger Marie-Rose , Gonay Marie , Paquin Jean-François
Published: July 2023

The room temperature synthesis of difluoromethyl-containing compounds using the deoxofluorination reaction of aromatic aldehydes using XtalFluor-E under highly concentrated conditions is described.
Diboron-promoted iron-catalyzed denitrative vinylation of β-nitrostyrenes with cycloketoximes
Authors: Shi Dingcheng , Xia Xingxuan , Zhao Binlin , Yuan Yu
Published: July 2023

A diboron-promoted and iron-catalyzed approach was reported for the ring opening vinylation of free cycloketoximes with β-nitrostyrenes.
Enhancing glucose classification in continuous flow hydrothermal biomass liquefaction streams through generative AI and IR spectroscopy
Authors: Acaru Silviu Florin , Abdullah Rosnah , Lai Daphne Teck Ching , Lim Ren Chong
Published: July 2023

Energy from fossil fuels is forecasted to contribute to 28% of the energy demand by 2050.
Fossil group origins
Authors: Zarattini S. , Aguerri J. A. L. , Tarrío P. , Corsini E. M.
Published: July 2023

Aims. In this work we study the large-scale structure around a sample of non-fossil systems and compare the results with earlier findings for a sample of genuine fossil systems selected using their magnitude gap.

Methods. We computed the distance from each system to the closest filament and intersection as obtained from a catalogue of galaxies in the redshift range 0.05 ≤ z ≤ 0.7. We then estimated the average distances and the distributions of cumulative distances to filaments and intersections for different magnitude-gap bins.

Results. We find that the average distance to filaments is (3.0 ± 0.8) R200 for fossil systems, whereas it is (1.1 ± 0.1) R200 for non-fossil systems. Similarly, the average distance to intersections is larger in fossil than in non-fossil systems, with values of (16.3 ± 3.2) and (8.9 ± 1.1) R200, respectively. Moreover, the cumulative distributions of distances to intersections are statistically different for fossil and non-fossil systems.

Conclusions. Fossil systems selected using the magnitude gap appear to be, on average, more isolated from the cosmic web than non-fossil systems. No dependence is found on the magnitude gap (i.e. non-fossil systems behave in a similar manner independently of their magnitude gap, and only fossils are found at larger average distances from the cosmic web). This result supports a formation scenario for fossil systems in which the lack of infalling galaxies from the cosmic web, due to their peculiar position, favours the growing of the magnitude gap via the merging of all the massive satellites with the central galaxy. Comparison with numerical simulations suggests that fossil systems selected using the magnitude gap are not old fossils of the ancient Universe, but rather systems located in regions of the cosmic web not influenced by the presence of intersections.
Exploring the chemodynamics of metal-poor stellar populations
Authors: da Silva A. R. , Smiljanic R.
Published: July 2023

Context. Metal-poor stars are key for studying the formation and evolution of the Galaxy. Evidence of the early mergers that built up the Galaxy remains in the distributions of abundances, kinematics, and orbital parameters of its stars. Several substructures resulting from these mergers have been tentatively identified in the literature.

Aims. We conducted a global analysis of the chemodynamic properties of metal-poor stars. Our aim is to identify signs of accreted and in situ stars in different regions of the parameter space and investigate their differences and similarities.

Methods. We selected a sample of about 6600 metal-poor stars with [Fe/H] ≤ −0.8 from DR3 of the GALAH survey. We used unsupervised machine learning to separate stars in a parameter space made of two normalised orbital actions, plus [Fe/H] and [Mg/Fe], without additional a priori cuts on stellar properties.

Results. We divided the halo stars into four main groups. All groups exhibit a significant fraction of in situ contamination. Accreted stars of these groups have very similar chemical properties, except the group of stars with very retrograde orbits. This points to at most two main sources of accreted stars in the current sample, the major one related to Gaia-Enceladus and another possibly related to Thamnos and/or Sequoia. Gaia-Enceladus stars are r-process enriched at low metallicities, but a contribution of the s-process appears with increasing metallicity. A flat trend of [Eu/Mg] as a function of [Fe/H] suggests that only core-collapse supernovae contributed to r-process elements in Gaia-Enceladus.

Conclusions. To better characterise accreted stars in the low-metallicity regime, high precision abundances and guidance from chemical evolution models are needed. It is possible that the in situ contamination in samples of accreted stars has been underestimated. This can have important consequences for attempts to estimate the properties of the original systems.
Fostering twenty-first century skills among primary school students through math project-based learning
Authors: Rehman Nadia , Zhang Wenlan , Mahmood Amir , Fareed Muhammad Zeeshan , Batool Samia
Published: July 2023

In today’s modern world, students must be equipped with twenty-first century skills, particularly those related to solving real-life problems, to ensure competitiveness in the current global economy. The present study employed project-based learning (PBL) as an instructional tool for teaching math at the primary level. A convergent mixed-methods approach was adopted to determine whether the PBL approach has improved students’ twenty-first century skills, including collaborative, problem-solving, and critical thinking skills. Thirty-five students of the experimental group were treated with PBL, while 35 students of the control were treated with the traditional teaching method. ANCOVA test for “critical thinking skills” showed a significant difference between the experimental and control group (F = 104.833, p = 0.000 < 0.05). For collaborative skills, results also showed a significant difference between the two groups (F = 32.335, p = 0.000 < 0.05). For problem-solving skills, the mean value of experimental (25.54) and control group (16.94) showed a high difference after the intervention. The t-value (8.284) and the p value (p = 0.000) also showed a highly significant difference. Observations of the classroom also revealed the favorable effects of employing PBL. PBL activities boosted the level of collaboration and problem-solving skills among students. Students could advance their collaboration abilities, including promoting one another’s viewpoints, speaking out when necessary, listening to one another, and participating in thoughtful discussions. During the PBL project, students’ active participation and effective collaboration were observed, significantly contributing to its success.
Temporal functional changes in coral and fish communities on subtropical coastal coral reefs
Authors: Clay Charlotte G. , Reimer James Davis , Cook Katie M. , Yamagawa Hirotaka , Gravener Ellen , Theodora Lee Hui Yian , Beger Maria
Published: July 2023

Context Global and local stressors can drive phase shifts from zooxanthellate scleractinian coral communities to macroalgae-dominated ecosystems. However, our understanding of altered ecosystem functioning, productivity and stability remains limited as pre-shift data are typically lacking for degraded coral-reef sites. Aims Here, we assessed functional changes in fish communities in Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa, Japan, over 45 years, by comparing pre-disturbance (1975) to post-disturbance (2018–2020) datasets, and identified possible drivers of changes. Methods We analysed data for 393 fish species and 26 coral genera at 13 sites, measured at four-time points (1975, 2018, 2019 and 2020). Analyses were performed using a range of ordination techniques. Key results We found reductions in functional richness and trait space contraction over time for fishes. Changes in coral functional groups over time correlated with changes in the functional diversity of reef-fish communities; a reduction in branching corals reduced habitat availability for coral-reliant fishes. Conclusions Increasing sedimentation and eutrophication as a result of construction along the Nakagusuku Bay coast likely reduced living coral cover and fish diversity, and thermal stress likely facilitated the simplification and shifts of both coral communities and coral specialist fishes away from shore. Implications Both global and local threats need to be considered when assessing functioning of coral-reef ecosystems for coral-reef conservation efforts.
Influence of soft x-ray and ultraviolet irradiations on sensitivity of sensors made with piezoelectret films
Authors: Zhou Lian , Zhang Fei , Ma Xingchen , Zhang Xiaoqing
Published: July 2023

Piezo/ferroelectrets are a kind of cellular electret materials exhibiting piezoelectric effect. Owing to their large piezoelectric activity, flexibility, lightweight, low cost and large area, a list of promising applications have been suggested, including wearable sensors, actuators, micro energy harvesters, and etc. In terms of actual application, one of the most important performance indexes is the stability of piezoelectric response in complex application environments. This article mainly focuses on the influence of soft x-ray and ultraviolet irradiations on piezoelectric sensitivity of two kinds of sensors, made with irradiation cross-linked polypropylene (IXPP) and air-filled parallel-tunnel fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) piezoelectret films. A versatile encapsulation process with silica gel for sensor fabrication was introduced to improve the stability against radiations. The results show that soft x-ray irradiation can accelerate the depolarization of the piezoelectrets, while the influence of ultraviolet irradiation on piezoelectrets is not prominent. Encapsulation of the sensors with silica gel may significantly improve their stability under the radiation of soft x-ray. As indicated, the piezoelectric sensitivities of the encapsulated samples, made with IXPP and parallel-tunnel FEP piezoelectret films, are 50.2% and 6.9% of the initial values after 150 min irradiation of the soft x-ray with an energy of 9.5 keV, respectively.