bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling the interaction of urea fertilizer and herbicide doses on wheat yield in competition with weed
Authors: AHMADI IMAN , BAKHSHANDEH ABDOLMAHDI , GHARINEH MOHMMAD HOSSEIN
Published: March 2023

Understanding the interaction between crop-weed competition and herbicide doses may, in many cases, result in a recommendation to reduce the consumption of the herbicide, which is both environmentally and economically important. Nitrogen fertilizer also influences the competitive balance through changes in weed density and biomass, and also contributes to environmental pollution. Hence, the evaluation of the interaction of herbicide doses and nitrogen fertilizer application is necessary for proper management of weeds and achieving acceptable economic yield along with minimizing environmental negative impacts. In order to modelling wheat–Sinapis arvensis L. and Avena ludoviciana Durieu competition in response to urea and herbicide doses Othello OD, a field experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Urea fertilizer included five levels of 0, 45, 90, 180 and 330 kg/ha of urea was considered as the main plot and the herbicide dose of “Othello OD” in six levels of 0, 0.32, 0.64, 0.96, 1.28 and 1.6 l/ha (recommended dose 1.6 l/ha) was considered as the sub-plot. Based on the combined model, the dosage required for reducing the weed biomass to less than 150 g/m2 with consuming of 0, 45, 90, 180, 250 and 330 kg/ha of urea fertilizer was predicted to be 0.64, 1.04, 1.12, 0.96, 0.88 and 0.80 l/ha, respectively. Also, with application of 330 kg urea fertilizer with 0.32, 0.64, 0.96, 1.28 and 1.6 l/ha of herbicide, wheat grain yield respectively, 298.58, 450.62, 585.74, 654.35 and 675.58 g/m2, receipt. The lowest number of weed seeds was obtained in 1523.58 with 330 kg/ha urea fertilizer with 1.6 l/ha of herbicide dose.
Detection of Human Papilloma Virus type 6 and type 11 in women with Breast Cancer by in situ hybridization technique.
Authors: Ismail Noor H. , Al-Shammeri Ahmed M. , Latif Ayser H. , Majeed Ayeda M. , Abed Dina W.
Published: March 2023

Background: Breast cancer is one of the common malignancies among women worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have been linked to many human cancers in addition to cervical cancer and one of them is breast cancer.Objective: To investigate the presence of human papilloma virus type 6 and type 11in breast cancer tissue specimens by in situ hybridization technique.Patients and Methods: Thirty four formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks from breast cancer patients were obtained from the archives of the pathology laboratory of Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital from January 2011 to July 2012. In addition formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded blocks tissue for twenty fibroadenoma of breast were collected and used as control group. In situ hybridization technique was used for the molecular detection of HPV type 6 and HPV type 11.Results: There were 82.4 % of breast cancer tissues positive for HPV type 6 and 88.2 % were positive for HPV type 11.Conclusion: The presence of human papillomavirus DNA in most breast carcinoma samples merits further investigation and confirmation by second assay in order to establish the exact role of this virus in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
Incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b among children less than 5 years and resistance to antibiotics in Iraq.
Authors: Almelan Maha F.
Published: March 2023

Back ground: Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord that known as meninges. It is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and children less than the age of 5 years.Objectives: To determine Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis incidence in children aged less than 5 years and choice a drug for treatmentPatients and methods: During period from Febraury 2012 to first March 2013 ,250 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from children less than 5 years ,which clinically diagnosed with meningitis ,in several hospitals of Iraq.Microbiological, biochemical, latex agglutination test and antibiotics sensitivity were used to identify and choice the antibiotic that should be used for treatmentResults: Culturing CSF specimens identified 18 confirmed cases of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis among 250 CSF specimens depending on biochemical and serotyping. The incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis among infants less one years of age was 12(66.6%) compared to 6(33.3%) for older children . Incidence among males was 11(61.1%) compared to 7(38.8%) for females. Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis is sensitive to Ampencillin , Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Cefotriaxone, Chloramphenicol, while resistant to Trimetheprim-sulfamethoxazole and Gentomycin.Conclusions: Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis was most common in children less than 1 years.
The Clausius–Mossotti formula
Authors: Duerinckx Mitia , Gloria Antoine
Published: March 2023

In this note, we provide a short and robust proof of the Clausius–Mossotti formula for the effective conductivity in the dilute regime, together with an optimal error estimate. The proof makes no assumption on the underlying point process besides stationarity and ergodicity, and it can be applied to dilute systems in many other contexts.
The relationship between jumping, acceleration, change of direction, and relative strength for deadlift and back squat
Authors: Shiba Junpei , Kuramochi Rieko
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND:

Deadlift (DL) and back squat (BSQ) are considered different exercises because of their kinematic and kinetic characteristics. However, there are similarities, such as joint movement and the maximal muscle strength generated. Although there are differences and similarities, it is unclear which is more related to athletic performance.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to determine the relationship between DL and jump, acceleration, and change of direction and compare whether DL or BSQ differ in their relationship to jumping, acceleration, and change of direction.

METHODS:

Eighty male volleyball players (age: 19.6 [Formula: see text] 0.9 years, height: 179.2 [Formula: see text] 6.7 cm, mass: 71.9 [Formula: see text] 9.4 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Countermovement jump (CMJ), 10-m sprint, and 1–5 repetition maximum (1–5 RM) BSQ were measured on day 1. The T-test and 1–5 RM DL were measured on day 2.

RESULTS:

DL had a significant and moderate relationship with all parameters of CMJ ([Formula: see text] 0.328, [Formula: see text] 0.01), 10-m sprint ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]0.471, [Formula: see text] 0.01), and T-test ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]0.441, [Formula: see text] 0.01). BSQ showed a significant and moderate relationship with the 10-m sprint ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]0.489, [Formula: see text] 0.01) and T-test ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]0.356, [Formula: see text] 0.01), but a significant and weak relationship only with CMJ ([Formula: see text] 0.289, [Formula: see text] 0.01). In addition, no significant differences were found in the comparison of correlation coefficients ([Formula: see text] 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Deadlift may be introduced as an alternative exercise to BSQ when there are limitations in the training environment, such as the lack of a squat rack to safely perform BSQ or home confinement due to external factors like pandemics.
Comparison of tensiomyographic contractile properties of the knee muscles between endurance and power athletes
Authors: Ipavec Matej , Kukec Žiga , Kacin Alan
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND:

Postactivation potentiation (PAP) enhances contractility of skeletal muscle whereas fatigue deteriorates it. Available evidence suggests that the two phenomena may express differently in endurance and power athletes.

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the patterns of change in knee muscle contractility induced by PAP and fatigue between endurance and power athletes.

METHODS:

Eleven endurance and ten power athletes (age: 18–33 years) performed isokinetic fatigue and isometric PAP protocols with knee extensors and flexors on computerised dynamometer. Tensiomyography (TMG) of the vastus medialis and semitendinosus muscle medialis was performed before the protocols and during a 10-min recovery.

RESULTS:

The changes in TMG profile were most pronounced in the vastus medialis of power athletes following the PAP protocol and least pronounced in the semitendinosus of the endurance athletes following the fatigue protocol. The differences between athlete types were most significant for the time-domain TMG parameters of vastus medialis. A significant correlation ([Formula: see text] 0.51–0.73) between the fatigue indices and changes in TMG parameters was observed for the vastus medialis muscle only.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results show that the TMG patterns of PAP and fatigue in the vastus muscle differ between endurance and power athletes. In this muscle, the changes in TMG parameters are also strongly associated with the degree of fatigue.
Visual Evoked Potentials as an Early-Stage Biomarker in the rTg4510 Tauopathy Mouse Model
Authors: Parka Aleksandra , Volbracht Christiane , Hall Benjamin , Bastlund Jesper F. , Nedergaard Maiken , Laursen Bettina , Botta Paolo , Sotty Florence
Published: March 2023

Background: Tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are characterized by formation of neurofibrillary tangles consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Early pathophysiological and functional changes related to neurofibrillary tangles formation are considered to occur prior to extensive neurodegeneration. Hyperphosphorylated tau has been detected in postmortem retinas of AD and FTD patients, and the visual pathway is an easily accessible system in a clinical setting. Hence, assessment of the visual function may offer the potential to detect consequences of early tau pathology in patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate visual function in a tauopathy mouse model in relation to tau hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration. Methods: In this study we explored the association between the visual system and functional consequences of tau pathology progression using a tauopathy rTg4510 mouse model. To this end, we recorded full-field electroretinography and visual evoked potentials in anesthetized and awake states at different ages. Results: While retinal function remained mostly intact within all the age groups investigated, we detected significant changes in amplitudes of visual evoked potential responses in young rTg4510 mice exhibiting early tau pathology prior to neurodegeneration. These functional alterations in the visual cortex were positively correlated with pathological tau levels. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that visual processing could be useful as a novel electrophysiological biomarker for early stages of tauopathy.
Towards swarm optimization techniques for power communication systems and smart grid environments
Authors: Liu Yongchao , Zhang Tao , Li Wenfang , Cheng Tingting , Zhang Yaping
Published: March 2023

Today, continuous technical and emerging advances between power communication systems and smart grids and applying swarm intelligence have increased for data sharing and analytics in our life. On the other side, Internet of things (IoT) has important key role to establish constructive interactions between smart devices and smart grid and power communication applications. For enhancing data transformation and improvements of multi-objective Quality of Service (QoS) factors, Swarm Optimization Techniques (SOT) are applied simultaneously in a cooperative smart environment to solve NP-hard problems. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis to address a new technical taxonomy and categorization of existing SOT-based smart grid applications in power communication systems in the IoT. Also, existing service and resource management case studies on smart grids and power communication systems are briefly analyzed and discussed. Existing evaluation factors on smart grid applications using SOT are represented. Possible advantages and weaknesses of each category are discussed with respect to new challenges and open research directions.
Enhancing the lateral stability of the vehicle by using a fuzzy algorithm to control the active stabilizer bar
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh
Published: March 2023

This article studies the instability of automobiles when steering at high speeds. In this article, the model of spatial dynamics is used to simulate vehicle oscillation. Besides, the model of nonlinear double-track dynamics is also combined to determine the effects of the wheel when steering. To limit the instability when steering, the hydraulic stabilizer bar is suggested. The performance of the system depends on the previously designed controller. The FLC algorithm with two inputs is used to control the operation of the system. The membership function and fuzzy rules are determined based on the designer’s experience. The simulation is performed by MATLAB software with three specific steering cases. In each case, the speed of the vehicle will be increased gradually. The results of the article show that the value of the roll angle is greatest in the third case, corresponding to the speed of v3 = 100 (km/h). If the vehicle does not have a stabilizer bar, the vehicle can roll over at any time. In contrast, when the active stabilizer bar was combined with the proposed FLC algorithm, the vehicle’s stability was significantly improved. The vehicle’s roll angle and the difference in vertical force at the wheels were also significantly reduced when using this algorithm for the stabilizer bar model. This result should be further verified through the experimental process.
An improved fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm using Euclidean distance function
Authors: Zhu Xingchen , Wu Xiaohong , Wu Bin , Zhou Haoxiang
Published: March 2023

The fuzzy c-mean (FCM) clustering algorithm is a typical algorithm using Euclidean distance for data clustering and it is also one of the most popular fuzzy clustering algorithms. However, FCM does not perform well in noisy environments due to its possible constraints. To improve the clustering accuracy of item varieties, an improved fuzzy c-mean (IFCM) clustering algorithm is proposed in this paper. IFCM uses the Euclidean distance function as a new distance measure which can give small weights to noisy data and large weights to compact data. FCM, possibilistic C-means (PCM) clustering, possibilistic fuzzy C-means (PFCM) clustering and IFCM are run to compare their clustering effects on several data samples. The clustering accuracies of IFCM in five datasets IRIS, IRIS3D, IRIS2D, Wine, Meat and Apple achieve 92.7%, 92.0%, 90.7%, 81.5%, 94.2% and 88.0% respectively, which are the highest among the four algorithms. The final simulation results show that IFCM has better robustness, higher clustering accuracy and better clustering centers, and it can successfully cluster item varieties.
On probabilistic linguistic term set operations
Authors: Dai Songsong , Zheng Jianwei
Published: March 2023

In a recent work (Wang et al. 2020), a partial order ⪯, a join operation ⊔ and a meet operation ⊓ of probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) were introduced and it was proved that L1 ⊓ L2 ⪯ L1 ⪯ L1 ⊔ L2 and L1 ⊓ L2 ⪯ L2 ⪯ L1 ⊔ L2. In this paper, we demonstrate that its join and meet operations are not satisfy the above requirement. To satisfy this requirement, we modify its join and meet operations. Moreover, we define a negation operation of PLTSs based on the partial order ⪯. The combinations of the proposed negation, the modified join and meet operations yield a bounded, distributive lattice over PLTSs. Meanwhile, we also define a new join operation and a new meet operation which, together with the negation operation, yield a bounded De Morgan over PLTSs.
BDTA: events classification in table tennis sport using scaled-YOLOv4 framework
Authors: Hashmi Mohammad Farukh , Naik Banoth Thulasya , Keskar Avinash G.
Published: March 2023

Computer vision algorithms based on deep learning have evolved to play a major role in sports analytics. Nevertheless, in sports like table tennis, detecting the ball is a challenge as the ball travels at a high velocity. However, the events in table tennis games can be detected and classified by obtaining the locations of the ball. Therefore, existing methodologies predict the trajectories of the ball but do not detect and classify the in-game events. This paper, therefore, proposes a ball detection and trajectory analysis (BDTA) approach to detect the location of the ball and predict the trajectory to classify events in a table tennis game. The proposed methodology is composed of two parts: i) Scaled-YOLOv4 which can detect the precise position of the ball ii) Analysis of trajectory based on ball coordinates to detect and classify the events. The dataset was prepared and labeled as a ball after enhancing the frame resolution with a super-resolution technique to get the accurate position of the ball. The proposed approach demonstrates 97.8% precision and 98.1% f1-score in detecting the location of the ball and 97.47% precision and achieved 97.8% f-score in classifying in-game events.
A technology-aided program to support positive occupation in people with advanced Alzheimer’s disease: A pilot study
Authors: D’Amico Fiora , Lancioni Giulio E. , De Marinis Flavio , Abbinante Fabiana , Taurisano Paolo , Abbatantuono Chiara , Desideri Lorenzo
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND:

People with advanced Alzheimer’s disease tend to be sedentary and passive unless staff intervene to support their occupation.

OBJECTIVE:

This pilot study assessed the impact of a technology-aided program set up to help participants at the low end of the moderate or at the severe level of the disease access preferred stimulation and carry out simple/basic activities involving the use of everyday objects.

METHODS:

The program (a) relied on the use of a tablet, a voice-recording device, and a mini speaker and (b) provided the participants with verbal and visual instructions to guide them in carrying out the activity steps and accessing preferred stimulation. The program was implemented with five participants according to a nonconcurrent multiple baseline across participants design.

RESULTS:

During the baseline phase (i.e., prior to the use of the program), the participants carried out less than 15% of the activity steps and relied on the research assistants to access preferred stimulation (songs). During the intervention phase (i.e., with the program), the participants’ percentage of activity steps carried out increased to between about 58 and 92. Moreover, all participants were largely successful in accessing preferred stimulation.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results suggest that the technology-aided program used in this study might help increase the level of positive occupation of people with advanced Alzheimer’s disease.
THE IMPACT OF THE VISUAL DESIGN OF PUBLIC SPACES IN THE ARABIC CITY
Authors: Madhi Khalid , Hilal Maysoon
Published: March 2023

A good design of public urban spaces considers all the visual and aesthetic determinants dedicated to its formation. In a design of public urban spaces in European cities, it is a studying perception of form in the townscape. In addition, most design focuses on the details of constituent elements to suit the overall consideration to aesthetic form. It has a lack of design study in the Arab cities, where all the considerations are not fully applied. The design neglects the study of the visual dimensions and the cultural identity of the Arab city. Therefore, this research is to fill the knowledge gaps and deficiencies about the formation of the urban spaces in Arab cities. The Methodology of this research is descriptive and analytic. It discusses the design determinants of visual and aesthetic composition of public spaces in the Arab cities. It is also a study on the determinants of visual reading of its components by analyzing their forms and their relationship with the surrounding elements (building masses, street furniture elements) and by using the space syntax assessment technique to identify the foundations and visual access to a graphic and aesthetic design reflecting the Arabic identity.
A combination of near - infrared and fluorescence techniques for detecting early tooth lesions
Authors:   Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – VNU-HCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Pham Hai Mien Thi , Nguyen Tran Kim Hoang ,   Quoc An Dental Clinic, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Le Phu Duong ,   Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – VNU-HCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Published: March 2023

In dentistry, X-ray method has been considered as the gold standard for identifying different types of structural damage in teeth. However, X-rays not only have adverse effects on patients’ health but also have failed in detecting small and early-stage lesions due to the low sensitivity of the method to these types of lesion. In order to overcome the disadvantages of X-ray method, in recent years, the infrared and fluorescence techniques have been developed strongly due to the fact that the optical properties of damaged tissue under infrared and ultraviolet lights are significantly different from those of sound dental tissue because of the demineralization of damaged tissue. The aim of the present study was to apply the fluorescence and infrared techniques to diagnosis of dental lesions at early stages. In this study, the optical systems with 850-nm LEDs and 365-nm LEDs which were applied for infrared imaging and luminescence imaging, respectively, were designed and used for diagnosing in vitro different types of early-stage lesions such as white spot lesions, dental plaque and lesions under restoration. A number of 68 tooth samples were assayed with infrared technique, fluorescence technique and clinical observation combined with radiography at the same time. Cohen's Kappa coefficient which was obtained with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program was used to evaluate the agreement in diagnosis between the mentioned methods. The statistical evaluation showed that Kappa coefficients between traditional methods (clinical examination combined with X-rays) with optical techniques including infrared and fluorescence techniques were 0.147 and 0.235, respectively. These results suggest that all the lesions analyzed in this study were at the early stages and could not be detected by both visual inspection and X-rays, whereas the infrared and fluorescence techniques could be more sensitive to these types of lesion due to the fact that the optical techniques are able to detect early signs of demineralization of damaged tissue.
Application of deep learning in brain tumor segmentation
Authors:   School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Vietnam, Nguyen Hoang Thien Thu ,   Vietnam National University HCMC, Vietnam, 700000, Pham Thi Thu Hien ,   School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Vietnam; Vietnam National University HCMC, Vietnam, 700000, Le Hai Thanh ,   Vietnam National University HCMC, Vietnam, 700000; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam
Published: March 2023

Glioma is one of the most common brain tumor worldwide. Nowaday, glioma identification and segmentation is essential when making clinical decisions. Obviously, manual segmentation is not only time consuming but also subjective, in addition to this task, it is rather difficult to solve the solution of the automated segmentation methods. U-net architecture is one of the popular deep learning models for segmentation of biomedical images. This study implements a 2 dimensional convolutional neural network based on a U-net architecture. The proposed model is trained only with 2D images (slices) from 3D MRI dataset to segment the different tumor regions. Futhermore, in the preprocessing step some methods are applied to deal with imbalanced data for three brain tumor regions, and then data augmentation is utilized to prevent overfitting when training with a small dataset. The evaluated results based on the Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge (BraTS) 2018 dataset get the high accuracy for Dice scores of whole tumor, tumor core and enhancing tumor being 0.88, 0.81 and 0.76, respectively. The performance of the proposed model show that the brain tumors can be recognized with high accuracy compared to the similar studies. The proposed study has provided an analytical procedure for glioma brain tumors, from preprocessing to the training model, and then assessing factors that may affect the performance of the achived results.
Effects of soil-structure interaction on the damage of bridge piers subjected to earthquakes
Authors:   Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Cao Vui Van ,   Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Lê Quốc Đình ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Phạm Toàn Song Lê ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Đinh Trí Hữu ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: March 2023

When an earthquake occurs, interaction between soil and a structure is obvious. However, the effect of this interaction is often neglected in most of the design of structures because of its simplicity, but this simplicity can be unsafe for the structures. This paper analyzes the influence of soil-structure interaction on the damage index of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers subjected to earthquakes. To achieve this aim, an RC bridge pier, which was constructed and tested in practice, was selected for analyses. The selected RC bridge pier was modelled using nonlinear hysteretic elements. The model of the RC bridge pier was verified by comparing the results obtained from the model with the experimental results. Time-history nonlinear analyses of the RC bridge pier subjected to earthquakes of different intensities were performed. The results of these nonlinear analyses were used for damage analyses. The results of damage analyses were compared to draw some conclusions as follows. The comparison results showed that the soil-structure interaction hardly changed the damage index of the bridge pier when the earthquakes were of moderate and weak intensity. However, the soil-structure interaction significantly increased the damage index when the pier was subjected to strong earthquakes. Therefore, instead of being ignored, the soil-structure interaction should be carefully analyzed when designing reinforced concrete piers subjected to earthquakes.
Use of the Argumentation-Based Learning-Teaching Approach in the Development Of Self-Expression Skills
Authors: GÖÇER Ali , KURT Akife
Published: March 2023

Argumentation-based teaching is one of the contemporary teaching approaches. This approach is versatile in terms of making the claim, stating the reasons, eliminating the ambiguities, generating thoughts in the mind through questions and having the purpose of convincing. Considering the relationship between language and thought, it is thought that the use of argumentation-based teaching in language practice studies will be effective. As a matter of fact, the prerequisite for producing arguments is the effective use of basic language skills. This study shows the usability of argumentation-based teaching in Turkish lessons. This study shows the usability of argumentation-based teaching in Turkish lessons. In the study, information about the argumentation-based learning-teaching approach is given; The activities that can be carried out in order to gain, develop and effectively use narration skills are emphasized. Finally, some suggestions for the effective use of this teaching model in Turkish lessons are given.
DO PRIMARY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS TEXTBOOKS CONNECT TO REAL LIFE? : THE CASE OF GERMANY AND TURKEY
Authors: BEKİROĞLU Derya , ÜTKÜR GÜLLÜHAN Nur
Published: March 2023

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between real-life activities in German and Turkey primary school 4th-grade mathematics textbooks, according to the classification proposed by Gainsburg (2008). For this purpose, document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The data source of the research is "Fredo 4 Mathematics" in Germany and "Primary School 4th Grade Mathematics Textbook" in Turkey. In the research, descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of the data, and the results were reflected in frequency and percentage tables. The results of the research show that the activities in the mathematics textbooks of both countries are mostly "classical word problems" and the problems include real contexts. It has been revealed that the mathematics textbooks of both countries are strong in terms of activities such as "applied mathematical representations", and the number of activities in the type of real data analysis should be increased.
An Analysis of Postgraduate Theses Using Toulmin Argumentation Model in the Field of Mathematics Education in Turkey
Authors: ADAL Ahmet Adil
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study is to examine the theses published in the field of mathematics education in Turkey in which Toulmin Argumentation Model was used. It has been analyzed how the prepared theses were distributed in terms of publication year-type, publication language, institute, university, keywords, aims and target audience. In this study conducted by document analysis method, 23 theses in the field of mathematics education, covering a total of 12 years until the end of 2022 without considering any start date, from the theses open to access in the National Thesis Center database of the Council of Higher Education (YÖK) were analyzed. The obtained studies were subjected to descriptive analysis and the analyzed data were presented in tables with frequency and percentage values. Within the scope of the research, some basic results were reached such as; argumentation studies using Toulmin Model in mathematics education have been studied more intensively from the past to the present, Turkish studies are conducted more frequently than English studies in terms of publication language, studies conducted at the doctoral level at the level of institutes are more or equal to the studies conducted at the master's level, university students and secondary school students are preferred more intensively in the selection of the target audience. This study aims to guide the studies that center on the Toulmin Argumentation Model in mathematics education. In addition, it is thought to contribute to the researchers to see the concentration or deficiencies in the field and to encourage the filling of the gap in the field by conducting applications with different study groups rather than working with the same study groups.
Comparison of gas chromatography detectors and its application in food analysis
Authors: Sugiharto Yurika , Natania Evelyn , Febriyanti Sherlin Angelina , Krisbianto Oki
Published: March 2023

Gas Chromatography (GC) is an instrument used for analyzing gaseous compounds based upon differences of boiling point and polarity. The mobile phase of GC is an inert (unreactive) gas. GC consists of several components, one of them is a detector. Detector provides an electronic signal that is recorded, and component concentration shown in the chromatogram. A detector has interrelated properties to the other. The properties of the detector are considered under three main headings: (1) types of detector, (2) sensitivity, and (3) ease of operation. Ideal detector for one application is not necessarily ideal for another application. Application of GC coupled with a detector in food analysis are also informed. Detectors that are discussed are Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD), Flame Ionization Detector (FID), Electron Capture Detector (ECD), and Mass Spectrometer (MS).
Sifat Kimia dan Organoleptik Sirup Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Gula
Authors: Noormala Rofiqoh Husni , Asmoro Novian Wely , Widyastuti Retno
Published: March 2023

Tanaman sirsak memiliki daun dengan kandungan antioksidan yang tinggi. Daun sirsak juga memiliki berbagai manfaat diantaranya sebagai antibiotik, antiinflamasi, detoksifikasi dan antibakteri. Selama ini daun sirsak hanya diolah menjadi obat tradisional selain itu hanya dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai pakan ternak. Salah satu upaya membuat daun sirsak lebih diminati yaitu dibuat produk olahan sirup. Berdasarkan SNI pembuatan sirup yaitu mengandung ˃65% gula sehingga dilakukan penambahan gula dengan variasi konsentrasi 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% dan 80%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi variasi penambahan gula terhadap sifat kimia (pH, gula reduksi dan aktivitas antioksidan) dan sifat organoleptik (warna, aroma, rasa dan keseluruhan) sirup daun sirsak. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menimbang daun sirsak sesuai perlakuan, dicuci, dihaluskan, disaring, dimasak dengan penambahan konsentrasi gula, sehingga terbentuk sirup daun sirsak. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor variasi konsentrasi gula yaitu 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% dan 80%. Parameter penelitian meliputi nilai pH, gula reduksi, aktivitas antioksidan dan organoleptik. Data kemudian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dengan tingkat signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, variasi konsentrasi gula sirup daun sirsak berpengaruh nyata terhadap sifat kimia sirup daun sirsak yang dihasilkan, konsentrasi 80% sirup daun sirsak menghasilkan nilai pH paling tinggi sebesar 6,43 dan gula reduksi yaitu 28,17, tetapi untuk aktivitas antioksidan mendapatkan nilai terendah yaitu 9,33%. Variasi konsentrasi gula juga berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai organoleptik sirup daun sirsak yang di hasilkan. Uji organoleptik keseluruhan pada sampel 80% gula + 20% sari daun sirsak memiliki nilai tertinggi sebesar 3,13 (netral).Kata Kunci : Daun Sirsak, Gula Pasir, Konsentrasi, Organoleptik, Sirup
The Metaverse as Influencer Marketing Platform: Influencer-Brand Collaborations of Parıs Hilton with ‘Superplastic’, ‘Bohoo’, and ‘Levi’s’
Authors: Karabacak Zaliha İnci , Güngör İrem
Published: March 2023

The Metaverse can be defined as a collection of fictional and virtual worlds that offer different experiences in all areas of life to users represented by avatars with Web 3.0 infrastructure on the basis of artificial intelligence, blockchain, and extended reality technologies. From an economics perspective, the Metaverse turns out to offer a virtual economy, new business models, new products, as well as a new marketing and advertising channel. Taking this into account, brands have started to carry out their influencer marketing activities in the Metaverse environment. With the opportunities offered by Metaverse, brands operate in a market area that tends to expand and become more interactive. In such a market, the interaction between influencers and their followers takes place within the framework of a new business model. In this study, in order to evaluate the influencer marketing activities in Metaverse, the brand and influencer collaborations of Paris Hilton with Superplastic, Boohoo, and Levi’s, were examined with the case study and the semiotic analysis method of Roland Barthes. The analysis results showed that influencers direct their followers from social media to Metaverse platforms. It is also noteworthy that the features such as an individual style and lifestyle that influencers manifest on social media appear to be quite similar in their Metaverse posts. In terms of influencer marketing, Metaverse seems to be more creative and flexible with higher interaction due to the vast opportunities offered as a consequence of using the virtual worlds and avatars on different platforms. When it comes to users, it is observed that followers are given a real-time interaction opportunity in online virtual environments, that content forms are created in a way which is experienced through gamification; and that further opportunities are offered to develop a closer interaction between the user and the influencer avatars, and other possibilities such as purchasing digital assets and winning awards. In the Metaverse, brands appear to benefit from such opportunities as developing parallel marketing strategies between the physical world and the virtual world, preparing effective advertising campaigns with the creative potential of the virtual world, coming up with solutions to difficulties such as payment problems and counterfeiting in influencer marketing by relying on blockchain technology on the basis of Web 3.0 infrastructure, apart from selling digital products and NFTs.
Reflexiones sobre la Nueva Política Económica Internacional de España hacia América Latina para el siglo XXI
Authors: Casilda Béjar Ramón
Published: March 2023

La notable presencia inversora de bancos y empresas españolas en América Latina representa uno de los principales rasgos y resultados del exitoso proceso de internacionalización de la economía española que bien puede situarse en los primeros años noventa del pasado siglo XX.
Actualmente, las economías latinoamericana y española comparten un contexto empresarial y competitivo internacional de rápidos cambios y mutaciones tras la invasión ilegal de Rusia a Ucrania con profundas consecuencias para la economía mundial. Por tanto, bien puede ser el momento para reformular las relaciones con América Latina mediante la “Nueva Política Económica Internacional de España hacia América Latina para el siglo XXI”. Una idea, dicho sea, sobre la que vengo reflexionando y publicando durante los últimos años.
EFFICIENCY OF SELECTION MODELS ACCORDING TO GENEALOGICAL GROUPS IN OBTAINING BREEDING MARES IN THE ORLOV’S TROTTER OF THE UKRAINIAN POPULATION
Authors: Tkachova Iryna , Frolova G. O. , Platonova Nataliia
Published: March 2023

The object of research was the Ukrainian massif of breeding mares of the Orlov’s Trotter, registered on January 1, 2022 (n=194). The 75.1% (145 mares) of all breeding mares were tested on hippodromes. It was determined that there were low-level negative correlations between mares' agility indicators and body measurements. However, positive relations were established analyzing the correlations between the record agility and the measurements of the mares of different studs.
It was determined that mares tested at the Kyiv Hippodrome with a high probability (p>0.95-0.99) prevailed in terms of agility of herdmates tested at the Odessa Hippodrome, both in terms of record agility and agility revealed in all age periods.
There were found 299 Orlov’s Trotters of the 2.10 min agility class and more lively, of which 25 horses entered the 2.05 min and faster, 2 horses - to class 2.00 min and faster during the selection period from 2001 to 2021. It was determined that mares of the Orlov’s Trotters of the Ukrainian population of the agility class of 2.05 min were not found to be faster, the fastest mare in the modern reproductive composition is Antalya 2.05,7, gray, 2014 (Aphorism - Artistka) of the Dibrivsky stud. Of all tested mares, only 13.8% have a high class of agility 2.10 min faster. The predominant number of mare’s agility class’s 2.10.1-2.15.0 min (31.1%) 2.15.1-2.20 min (24.1%).
Based on the analysis of pedigrees, it was determined that the domestic population of the Orlov’s Trotter is structured according to 8 genealogical lines and 32 maternal families. The most developed region in terms of both stallions and mares is Barchuk-Zapad line (40.6 and 31.4%, respectively).
The largest number of tested mares comes from the breeding line Barchuk-Zadap and Pion lines. The highest record agility for the distance of 1600 m belongs to mares Voin (136.6±1.75 s), Barchuk (136.8±1.25 s), Ispolnitielny (137.3±4.19 s), Boltik (137.6 ±5.11 s) and Pilot (137.7±2.44 s) lines. The most precocious (the fastest in a 2-year-old mare) are Ispolnitielnyi (145.7±3.78 s), Barchuk (147.3±1.27 s), Barchuk-Zapad (147.8±1.45 s) lines.
The 53 genealogical combinations were recorded in the studied array of mares. The most numerous interlineal combinations were Pion × Pion (13 mares), Barchuk × Zapad (taking into account that the Zapad branch originates from the Barchuk line) (9 mares), as well as crosses Zapad × Pion (10 mares) and Zapad × Ispolnitielny (9 mares). In terms of record agility, there prevailed mares obtained from crosses Voin × Pion (134.1±3.07 s), Ispolnitielnyi × Zapad (134.6±3.89 s), Pilot × Pion (134.8±4.76 s). Thus, these combinations are the most effective in selecting parental pairs to obtain the fastest mares for the reproductive population.
DYNAMICS OF DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT STATUS OF THE NOVOALEXANDROVSKY DRAFT HORSE AT THE BRANCH “DIBRIVSKY STUD FARM № 62” SE “UKRAINE HORSE BREEDING”
Authors: Yusiuk-Omelnytska T. A. , Burenko A. V.
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes the genealogical structure of the Novolexandrov draft breed of the Dibrivsky stud farm No. 62. As of today, 49 representatives of this breed, including 3 breeding stallions, 28 mares of the main herd and foals are kept at the branch “Dibrivsky stud farm No. 62” of SE “Ukraine horse breeding”. The stallions belong to three male lines which are Koketlyvyi, Tantal and Hradus.
There are two mare’s families that are 166 Repetytsiyi (n=9), Roznaryadky (n=3) and three groupsnamely 239 Tetivy (n=8), 176 Rudy (n=1), Faktury (n=2). These mare’s families and groups were formed precisely at the Dibrivsky stud farm. Four more groups have been formed that are Firma (n=5), Ryabinka (n=3), Zherukha (n=3) i Ryabushka line (n=2).
The largest number of mares families belongs to the Tantal male line (23 heads), Koketlyvyi (7 heads), Hradus (5 heads) and to the Kapiten line, which went completely into the mare’s families, (1 mare).
The variability of the measurements of the main stock of horses and the milk productivity of mares from 2015 to 2021 were studied. The body measurements of mares have increased significantly in recent years, which leads to the consolidation of representatives of the breed and contradicts the requirements for the measurements of the Novolexandrov draft breed. Twenty-three mares exceed the maximum threshold of the "withers height" indicator, which is 76.7% of the brood stock.
At the Dibrivsky stud farm a seasonal milking of mares lasts from May 1 to October 1 (5 months or 150 days). The milk productivity of mares decreased by 275.6-454.6 liters from 2015 to 2021, the coefficient of variation increased from 18.33 to 38.90 with a decrease in the number of lactating mares.
The question of the correlation between live weight and milk productivity is very relevant, especially during forming a dairy herd from mares of draft breeds which are characterized by high milkability. Many authors have studied the influence of live weight on dairy productivity, as one of the indicators of animal development. Formulas for calculating live weight are based on measurements such as withers height and chest girth. Accordingly, if the measurements increase, the live weight of the animal increases.
The indicators of reproduction of mares of the main composition for 11 years were determined. The average fertility of mares for 11 years is 70.2%. The average yield of foals per 100 mares is 63.9% with 95.6% successful foaling. This foal crop can be justified by the dependence on the % of fertilized mares (r = 0.67; p<0.01). This correlation was accurately observed in 2018-2019, with a fertilization rate of 54.5 and 55.2, the foal crop was 54.5 and 53.3 accordingly with 100% successful foaling.
Losses of foals due to abortions, weak and stillborns have amounted to an average of 3.3%for 11 years, which does not exceed technological requirements (5%).
Morphological Analysis of Philippine Ecological Neologisms
Authors: Dorias Vincent Jhun
Published: March 2023

Using a qualitative-descriptive design in analyzing morphological processes and structures, the present study examines the ecological neologisms used in the Philippines. Ecological, environmental, or green neologisms are newly added lexicons used in daily ecological discourses. To appraise the study's aims to identify, define, analyze, and differentiate ecological neologisms from other neologisms as used in the Philippines, the study extracted its data from the Press Release Section website of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources from January 2022 to December 2022. A total of two hundred twenty-nine (229) articles were examined for this paper. Results reveal the presence of fourteen (14) ecological neologisms in the articles: ecological integrity, urban park, climate finance, green job, green city, ecoexpert, ecofrontliner, ecodefender, climate agenda, green assessment, ecoyouth, river ranger, ecohero, and ecoinspector. Further, these neologisms are borrowed from the English vocabulary and are all classified as nouns, and are mainly used to name individuals who engage in environmental initiatives in the Philippines. Moreover, these ecological neologisms are formed through compounding and blending, following the general rule of structuring words in Standard English.
Latinity: Rhetoric and Anxiety after Antiquity
Authors: Barret Graham , Margolis Oren
Published: March 2023

This introduction sets the scene for six essays devoted to the study of the discourse of Latin. Despite the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century, Latin remained the dominant code of communication in European society for a millennium. And yet in the minds of many of its most prolific users and commentators, it has experienced a continuous cycle of existential crises. After multiple reappraisals and re-fashionings of Latinity in the early and high Middle Ages, the self-conscious definition of language and its relationship to culture which arose in fourteenth-century Italy led to the bestowal of the much-controverted title of “renaissance” on the ensuing age. But, with respect to Latinity, was (and is) this label a distinction without a difference? Not only in the Quattrocento, but also in earlier and later eras, cultivating “good Latin”, however this was defined, and indeed being seen to cultivate it were matters of the utmost importance, an inexhaustible wellspring  of sociocultural capital. Our object here is to study the language of the language itself: the valueattributed to Latin, its standing vis-à-vis other languages, the qualities linked with it, and the issues in which it was implicated. Our remit is Latinity after Antiquity, and the six essays which follow  range from late antique North Africa to nineteenth-century Hungary.