bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bifunctional MIL-53(Fe) with pyrophosphate-mediated peroxidase-like activity and oxidation-stimulated fluorescence switching for alkaline phosphatase detection
Authors: Ye Kun , Wang Linjie , Song Hongwei , Li Xin , Niu Xiangheng
Published: July 2019

Bifunctional MIL-53(Fe) with PPi-mediated peroxidase-like activity and oxidation-stimulated fluorescence switching was explored for ALP sensing.
Harnessing combinational phototherapy via post-synthetic PpIX conjugation on nanoscale metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Chen Rui , Chen Wen-Cheng , Yan Li , Tian Shuang , Liu Bin , Chen Xianfeng , Lee Chun-Sing , Zhang Wenjun
Published: July 2019

Novel photoactive metal–organic framework nanoparticles were developed using a facile post-synthetic conjugation method to achieve tunable combinational PDT and PTT.
Binder-free heat dissipation films assembled with reduced graphene oxide and alumina nanoparticles for simultaneous high in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities
Authors: Hong Sunghwan , Yoo Seong Soo , Yoo Pil J.
Published: July 2019

Binder-free layer-by-layer assembled multilayers consisting of reduced graphene oxide and alumina nanoparticles are prepared for implementing heat dissipation films with outstandingly high in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities.
Light induced degradation in mixed-halide perovskites
Authors: Ruan Shuai , Surmiak Maciej-Adam , Ruan Yinlan , McMeekin David P. , Ebendorff-Heidepriem Heike , Cheng Yi-Bing , Lu Jianfeng , McNeill Christopher R.
Published: July 2019

The photo-stability of MAPbIxBr3−x is systematically studied by in situ photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy to reveal the phase segregation/decomposition process.
Light-assisted charge injection and depletion of insulator electrets for organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Ren Yurong , Zhu Yuanwei , Li Dongfan , Wei Peng , Lu Wanlong , Bu Laju , Lu Guanghao
Published: July 2019

In a transistor with an n/p/electret tri-layer configuration, light assists reversible charge (hole and electron) injection and depletion of insulator electrets.
Direct atomic-scale observation of the Ag+ diffusion structure in the quasi-2D “liquid-like” state of superionic thermoelectric AgCrSe2
Authors: Xie Lin , Wu Di , Yang Hongliang , Yu Yong , Wang Yifan , He Jiaqing
Published: July 2019

We directly observe the quasi-2D “liquid-like” state's structure at the atomic scale in the superionic conductor thermoelectric material AgCrSe2.
Acute and 30-day oral toxicity studies of a novel coccidiostat – ethanamizuril
Authors: Xiao Wenlong , Wang Xiaoyang , Wang Chunmei , Wang Mi , Fei Chenzhong , Zhang Lifang , Xue Feiqun , Wang Guoyong , Zhang Keyu
Published: July 2019

Ethanamizuril is a novel triazine compound that exhibits remarkable anticoccidial activity. Owing to its pharmacological properties, this study was conducted to evaluate the acute and 30-day oral toxicity of ethanamizuril. In the acute study, ethanamizuril was administered once by oral gavage to mice and rats. The calculated LD50 values for mice and rats were 5776 and 4743 mg per kg b.w, respectively, but the LD50 value for male rats was higher than that of female rats. In the subchronic study, male and female rats were fed with diets supplemented with 0, 20, 60 or 120 mg kg−1 ethanamizuril for 30 days. Treatment related clinical signs of alopecia on the back and neck of the animals were observed in the 60 and 120 mg kg−1 dose groups from the third week of treatment. Significant differences in haematological and biochemical parameters as well as organ-to-body weight ratios were detected between the 60 and 120 mg kg−1 groups. Histopathological observations revealed that 60 and 120 mg kg−1 ethanamizuril could induce focal hepatocellular necrosis and split phase. Slight renal tubule protein casts in the kidneys and alveolar wall thickening in the lungs were also observed in the high dose groups of both genders. The dietary no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of ethanamizuril for 30 days was 20 mg kg−1 feed.
Impact of ET-1 and sex in glomerular hyperfiltration in humanized sickle cell mice
Authors: Kasztan Malgorzata , Pollock David M.
Published: July 2019

Hyperfiltration, highly prevalent early in sickle cell disease (SCD), is in part driven by an increase in ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf). The increase in Kf may be due to enlarged filtration surface area and/or increased glomerular permeability (Palb). Previous studies have demonstrated that endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributes to Palb changes in models of diabetes and SCD. Thus, we performed longitudinal studies of renal function to determine the relationship between ET-1 and glomerular size and Palb that may contribute to hyperfiltration in humanized sickle cell (HbSS) and control (HbAA) mice at 8–32 weeks of age. HbSS mice were characterized by significant increases in plasma and glomerular ET-1 expression in both sexes although this increase was significantly greater in males. HbSS glomeruli of both males and females presented with a progressive and significant increase in glomerular size, volume, and Kf. During the onset of hyperfiltration, plasma and glomerular ET-1 expression were associated with a greater increase in glomerular size and Kf in HbSS mice, regardless of sex. The pattern of Palb augmentation during the hyperfiltration was also associated with an increase in glomerular ET-1 expression, in both male and female HbSS mice. However, the increase in Palb was significantly greater in males and delayed in time in females. Additionally, selective endothelin A receptor (ETA) antagonist prevented hyperfiltration in HbSS, regardless of sex. These results suggest that marked sex disparity in glomerular hyperfiltration may be driven, in part, by ET-1-dependent ultra-structural changes in filtration barrier components contributing to glomerular hyperfiltration in HbSS mice.
Plasmoid-mediated reconnection in solar UV bursts
Authors: Peter H. , Huang Y.-M. , Chitta L. P. , Young P. R.
Published: July 2019

Context. Ultraviolet bursts are transients in the solar atmosphere with an increased impulsive emission in the extreme UV lasting for one to several tens of minutes. They often show spectral profiles indicative of a bi-directional outflow in response to magnetic reconnection.

Aims. To understand UV bursts, we study how motions of magnetic elements at the surface can drive the self-consistent formation of a current sheet resulting in plasmoid-mediated reconnection. In particular, we want to study the role of the height of the reconnection in the atmosphere.

Methods. We conducted numerical experiments solving the 2D magnetohydrodynamic equations from the solar surface to the upper atmosphere. Motivated by observations, we drove a small magnetic patch embedded in a larger system of magnetic field of opposite polarity. This type of configuration creates an X-type neutral point in the initial potential field. The models are characterized by the (average) plasma-β at the height of this X point.

Results. The driving at the surface stretches the X-point into a thin current sheet, where plasmoids appear, accelerating the reconnection, and a bi-directional jet forms. This is consistent with what is expected for UV bursts or explosive events, and we provide a self-consistent model of the formation of the reconnection region in such events. The gravitational stratification gives a natural explanation for why explosive events are restricted to a temperature range around a few 0.1 MK, and the presence of plasmoids in the reconnection process provides an understanding of the observed variability during the transient events on a timescale of minutes.

Conclusions. Our numerical experiments provide a comprehensive understanding of UV bursts and explosive events, in particular of how the atmospheric response changes if the reconnection happens at different plasma-β, that is, at different heights in the atmosphere. This analysis also gives new insight into how UV bursts might be related to the photospheric Ellerman bombs.
16O(p,α)13N makes explosive oxygen burning sensitive to the metallicity of the progenitors of type Ia supernovae
Authors: Bravo E.
Published: July 2019

Even though the main nucleosynthetic products of type Ia supernovae belong to the iron-group, intermediate-mass alpha-nuclei (silicon, sulfur, argon, and calcium) stand out in their spectra up to several weeks past maximum brightness. Recent measurements of the abundances of calcium, argon, and sulfur in type Ia supernova remnants have been interpreted in terms of metallicity-dependent oxygen burning, in accordance with previous theoretical predictions. It is known that α-rich oxygen burning results from 16O→12C followed by efficient 12C+12C fusion reaction, as compared to oxygen consumption by 16O fusion reactions, but the precise mechanism of dependence on the progenitor metallicity has remained unidentified so far. I show that the chain 16O(p,α)13N(γ,p)12C boosts α-rich oxygen burning when the proton abundance is large, increasing the synthesis of argon and calcium with respect to sulfur and silicon. For high-metallicity progenitors, the presence of free neutrons leads to a drop in the proton abundance and the above chain is not efficient. Although the rate of 16O(p,α)13N can be found in astrophysical reaction rate libraries, its uncertainty is unconstrained. Assuming that all reaction rates other than 16O(p,α)13N retain their standard values, an increase by a factor of approximately seven of the 16O(p,α)13N rate at temperatures in the order 3−5 × 109 K is enough to explain the whole range of calcium-to-sulfur mass ratios measured in Milky Way and LMC supernova remnants. These same measurements provide a lower limit to the 16O(p,α)13N rate in the mentioned temperature range, on the order of a factor of 0.5 with respect to the rate reported in widely used literature tabulations.
A mixed ℓ1 regularization approach for sparse simultaneous approximation of parameterized PDEs
Authors: Dexter Nick , Tran Hoang , Webster Clayton
Published: July 2019

We present and analyze a novel sparse polynomial technique for the simultaneous approximation of parameterized partial differential equations (PDEs) with deterministic and stochastic inputs. Our approach treats the numerical solution as a jointly sparse reconstruction problem through the reformulation of the standard basis pursuit denoising, where the set of jointly sparse vectors is infinite. To achieve global reconstruction of sparse solutions to parameterized elliptic PDEs over both physical and parametric domains, we combine the standard measurement scheme developed for compressed sensing in the context of bounded orthonormal systems with a novel mixed-norm based ℓ1 regularization method that exploits both energy and sparsity. In addition, we are able to prove that, with minimal sample complexity, error estimates comparable to the best s-term and quasi-optimal approximations are achievable, while requiring only a priori bounds on polynomial truncation error with respect to the energy norm. Finally, we perform extensive numerical experiments on several high-dimensional parameterized elliptic PDE models to demonstrate the superior recovery properties of the proposed approach.
Repeat trial and breath averaging: Recommendations for research of VO2 kinetics of exercise transitions to steady-state
Authors: McNulty Craig Ryan , Robergs Robert Andrew
Published: July 2019

Multiple-breath and multiple-trial averaging have been used extensively in research of oxygen uptake kinetics to steady-state. However, specific guidelines outlining correct levels of averaging have not been discussed. The aim of this study was to assess error differences using multiple-trial and multiple-breath averaging systems, and make recommendations for future VO2 kinetics research. Eight male subjects were recruited for this study. Following a maximal cycle test to ascertain each subject’s ventilation threshold, eight identical repetition cycling exercise bouts were administered. The bouts consisted of 6-minute at 85% of the subject’s ventilation threshold. Firstly, multiple-trial and multiple-breath data were processed using traditional methods. As well, data were fit using a mono-exponential model to derive tau. Data for all levels of multiple-trial and multiple-breath methods were compared to an 8-trial and 13-breath average, respectively. Reduction in error from the 3-trial average and a 3-breath average represented ∼68% and ∼70% of total error reduction, respectively. Tau tended to increase with increasing breath averaging and decrease with increasing trial averaging. There is negligible benefit to averaging more than 3 repeat trials in VO2 kinetics research. Breath averaging beyond 3-breaths artificially increases tau.
Prevalence of May-Thurner Syndrome in Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis at a Large Medical Referral Center
Authors: Heller Thomas , Teichert Christine , Hafer Judith , Weber Marc-André , Kröger Jens-Christian , Meinel Felix G.
Published: July 2019

Objective We set out to investigate the prevalence of May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) in a cohort of patients diagnosed with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis at a large medical referral center.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 496 patients who were referred to the emergency unit of a large medical referral center with suspected venous thromboembolism (VTE) and were diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis of the iliac veins and/or the thigh on ultrasound. We retrospectively assessed the presence of MTS in the primary ultrasound examination and on additional imaging (available in n = 193 patients).

Results Across all 496 patients with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, the median age was 70 years. 238 patients (48 %) were female. The thrombosis was left-sided in 263 cases (53 %), right-sided in 208 cases (42 %) and bilateral in 24 cases (5 %). In the subgroup of patients with left-sided and bilateral thrombosis, the growth pattern was classified as ascending in 142 patients (50 %), descending in 104 patients (36 %) and unclear in 41 patients (14 %). Additional imaging tests were available in 193 patients: 119 patients (41 %) underwent CT, 18 patients (6 %) MRI and 30 patients (10 %) underwent phlebography. Within the subgroup of patients with left-sided and bilateral thrombosis, MTS was confirmed in 88 patients (31 %), and the imaging findings in 17 patients (6 %) were highly suspicious of MTS. Differentiation was not possible in 86 patients (30 %) and MTS was excluded in 96 patients (33 %).

Conclusion Underlying MTS is not uncommon in the selected cohort of patients with deep iliofemoral vein thrombosis at a large referral center and should be excluded by imaging.

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Citation Format
Satisfaction Rates Are Low following Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty in Asians Despite Improvements in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Bin Abd Razak Hamid Rahmatullah , Lee Jian Hui Merrill , Tan Shi Ming , Chong Hwei Chi , Lo Ngai Nung , Yeo Seng Jin
Published: July 2019

With the aging population in Asia and increase in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) utilization rates, the number of patients requiring revision TKA (rTKA) are expected to increase as well. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes and satisfaction rates following rTKA in an Asian population that has unique cultural demands. Registry data of patients who underwent rTKA from 2006 to 2010 and had completed 5 years of follow-up were analyzed. Flexion range, Oxford Knee score (OKS), Knee Society score (KSS), the Short-Form 36 (SF-36), and satisfaction rates were assessed for improvement from preoperative values, as well as by the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) criterion. rTKA was performed in 163 patients. There were significant improvements seen at 2 years postoperatively and these were sustained up to 5 years. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) criterion for KSS, OKS, and SF-36 physical component score (PCS) was met at 2 and 5 years postoperatively. The overall complication rate was 3.7% at a mean follow-up of 8.4 years. A total of 121 patients (74.2%) were satisfied at 5 years postoperatively. Within our cohort, rTKA results in significantly improved patient-reported outcome measures with a low complication rate of 3.7% at a minimum of 5-year follow-up. Despite these encouraging results, satisfaction rates remain low.
A Series of Early Lanthanide Chloranilate Frameworks with a Square Grid Topology
Authors: Hua Carol , Tay Hui Min , He Qilin , Harris T. David
Published: July 2019

A series of lanthanide chloranilate frameworks containing a (4,4)-net with LaIII, CeIII, NdIII, SmIII, and EuIII have been synthesised and structurally characterised. Two structure types of square grids were obtained for these frameworks. Type 1 consists of the formula (Et4N)[Ln(can)2(H2O)] (Ln=LaIII, CeIII, NdIII; H2can=chloranilic acid) and crystallised in the tetragonal space group I4/m, featuring a nine-coordinate lanthanide ion with a coordinated water molecule and four chloranilate ligands. Type 2, (Et4N)[Ln(can)2] (SmIII and EuIII) crystallised in the I4/mcm space group, and contains an eight-coordinate lanthanide ion without a coordinated water molecule. A single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation was carried out for (Et4N)[Nd(can)2(H2O)] on removal of the coordinated aqua ligand.
Mechanism of surface reactions and dissolution of fluorite surface in an aqueous electrolyte solution
Authors: Klačić Tin , Tomić Marko , Namjesnik Danijel , Pielić Borna , Begović Tajana
Published: July 2019

Environmental contextSolubility and dissolution rates of mineral surfaces depend on both the surface properties of the mineral and the composition of the aqueous solution. We investigated the link between the interfacial reactions and dissolution of a fluorite crystal. The study provides a detailed microscopic picture of the dissolution phenomena at the fluorite surface, and the results have wider application to general mineral dissolution processes taking place in the environment.
AbstractDissolutions of the fluorite (111) crystallographic plane and fluorite (CaF2) colloidal particles were studied as a function of pH. The process was examined by measuring the concentration of released fluoride and calcium ions by ion-selective electrodes. Additionally, electrokinetic and inner surface potentials were measured by means of electrophoresis and a fluorite single crystal electrode respectively. The rate of fluorite dissolution was analysed assuming a reaction mechanism with a series of elementary steps, which included the reaction of surface groups with H+ ions, the formation of F− vacancies, the dissociation of surface groups and the release of calcium and fluoride ions into the interfacial region as well as the diffusion of ions from the interfacial region. The proposed reaction mechanism indicates that H+ ions play a necessary role in allowing the dissolution to take place, a concept not possible to confirm by looking at the overall equation of fluorite dissolution. The order of the total reaction with respect to H+ ions was found to be 0.37, which is in good accordance with the value derived from the reaction mechanism (1/3). The experimentally determined rate coefficient of fluorite dissolution was found to be kdis=9×10−6mol2/3dmm−2s−1.
False-negative Chlamydia polymerase chain reaction result caused by a cryptic plasmid-deficient Chlamydia trachomatis strain in Australia
Authors: Sweeney Emma L. , Bletchly Cheryl , Gupta Rita , Whiley David M.
Published: July 2019

Background
The 7.5-kb chlamydial cryptic plasmid remains a widely used sequence target for Chlamydia trachomatis nucleic acid amplification tests, but sequence variation in this plasmid, particularly a previously reported 377-bp deletion, can cause false-negative results. Here we report the presence in Australia of a C. trachomatis strain lacking the cryptic plasmid. Methods: A rectal swab from a male in his 50s provided a positive result for C. trachomatis using the Roche Cobas 4800 test, but a negative result in our confirmatory in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method targeting the chlamydial cryptic plasmid. This result was unexpected given our in-house PCR assay targeted a region of sequence outside the recognised 377-bp deletion. To further investigate this discrepancy, the sample was retested using a second in-house PCR targeting a chromosomal (ompA) gene as well as six primer sets flanking various regions of the cryptic plasmid. Results: The sample provided positive results in the second in-house method, confirming the presence of C. trachomatis DNA. All other primer sets targeting the cryptic plasmid failed to amplify, indicating a lack of the chlamydial cryptic plasmid in this sample. Conclusions: The recognition of a plasmid-deficient strain of C. trachomatis within Australia highlights further limitations of using the chlamydial cryptic plasmid for C. trachomatis diagnostics and re-emphasises the benefits of using multitarget assays to avoid false-negative results.
Greening the information desert
Authors: Cunningham Una , King Jeanette
Published: July 2019

Parents and prospective parents who speak a language other than English in New Zealand are in something of an information desert when it comes to how and why they might go about raising their children bilingually. While the official languages, Te Reo Māori and New Zealand Sign Language, have special status among the languages of New Zealand, other languages are viewed very much as the responsibility of ethnolinguistic communities. To support the intergenerational transmission of minority languages in New Zealand, research-informed material has been created for dissemination in a website, an associated Facebook page and a series of lecture-workshops for parents and professionals which have been made available in digital form in this website. Workshops continue to be offered to professionals such as speech-language therapists, early childhood educators, midwives, doctors, and nurses who work with families with young children. Questions asked during these workshops help to select the myths about multilingualism we need to address in this outreach to irrigate and green the information desert. Already, a bilingual French class and a Swedish playgroup have been set up as direct results of the parents’ workshop events. Individual parents have reported feeling empowered to persevere in their efforts to raise their children as speakers of their language. Invitations to contribute to education programs for the professionals who work close to young children are beginning to arrive.
Debating credibility
Authors: Smith-Khan Laura
Published: July 2019

This article explores public debates about credibility in media discourse regarding a Somali refugee who was raped on Nauru. Given the pseudonym “Abyan”, she was living on Nauru as a result of Australian refugee policy and was brought to Australia for medical assistance. Her treatment by the Australian authorities became the subject of debate and was widely discussed in the Australian media. Analyzing a corpus of media articles reporting and commenting on this debate, this article explores how the media’s representations of the key actors shape their credibility. Reflecting existing research, this article finds that Abyan’s experience is used to support broader policy arguments. Further, the discourse presents Abyan as a key speaker, despite her limited ability to defend her credibility. The article concludes that credibility remains an important theme in discourse on refugees and that power asymmetries hidden within this discourse create obstacles for those wishing to challenge it.
Epistemes of contemporary nationhood
Authors: Majstorović Danijela
Published: July 2019

This chapter aims to map the configurations of dominant epistemes of the contemporary Serb nationhood in Republika Srpska (RS) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) as truth claims in the current social hegemony founded on discourses legitimizing the 1992–1995 wars. By engaging in a combination of archeological-genealogical and a discourse historical approach to critical discourse analysis (DHA CDA), I analyze three types of elite discourses shaping the postwar cultural politics in Republika Srpska (RS): the poetic, the philosophical and political discourse. More specifically, I focus on the trope of history repeating, which, as an extended metaphor, also realizes its argumentative potential and becomes a topos of history, visible in the legitimation of the Srebrenica genocide preempting the potential Serb pogrom like the one in World War II, securing the epistemic warranty of contemporary Serb nationhood and providing a raison d’être for the Republika Srpska.
Save the trees
Authors: Jacques Guillaume , List Johann-Mattis
Published: July 2019

Skepticism regarding the tree model has a long tradition in historical linguistics. Although scholars have emphasized that the tree model and its long-standing counterpart, the wave theory, are not necessarily incompatible, the opinion that family trees are unrealistic and should be completely abandoned in the field of historical linguistics has always enjoyed a certain popularity. This skepticism has further increased with the advent of recently proposed techniques for data visualization which seem to confirm that we can study language history without trees. In this article, we show that the concrete arguments that have been brought up in favor of achronistic wave models do not hold. By comparing the phenomenon of incomplete lineage sorting in biology with processes in linguistics, we show that data which do not seem as though they can be explained using trees can indeed be explained without turning to diffusion as an explanation. At the same time, methodological limits in historical reconstruction might easily lead to an overestimation of regularity, which may in turn appear as conflicting patterns when the researcher is trying to reconstruct a coherent phylogeny. We illustrate how, in several instances, trees can benefit language comparison, although we also discuss their shortcomings in modeling mixed languages. While acknowledging that not all aspects of language history are tree-like, and that integrated models which capture both vertical and lateral language relations may depict language history more realistically than trees do, we conclude that all models claiming that vertical language relations can be completely ignored are essentially wrong: either they still tacitly draw upon family trees or they only provide a static display of data and thus fail to model temporal aspects of language history.
Detecting non-tree-like signal using multiple tree topologies
Authors: Verkerk Annemarie
Published: July 2019

Recent applications of phylogenetic methods to historical linguistics have been criticized for assuming a tree
structure in which ancestral languages differentiate and split up into daughter languages, while language evolution is inherently
non-tree-like (François 2014; Blench
2015: 32–33). This article attempts to contribute to this debate by discussing the use of the multiple topologies method
(Pagel & Meade 2006a) implemented in BayesPhylogenies (Pagel & Meade 2004). This method is applied to lexical datasets from four different
language families: Austronesian (Gray, Drummond & Greenhill 2009), Sinitic (Ben Hamed & Wang 2006), Indo-European (Bouckaert
et al. 2012), and Japonic (Lee & Hasegawa 2011). Evidence for multiple
topologies is found in all families except, surprisingly, Austronesian. It is suggested that reticulation may arise from a number
of processes, including dialect chain break-up, borrowing (both shortly after language splits and later on), incomplete lineage
sorting, and characteristics of lexical datasets. It is shown that the multiple topologies method is a useful tool to study the
dynamics of language evolution.
Subgrouping the Sogeram languages
Authors: Daniels Don , Barth Danielle , Barth Wolfgang
Published: July 2019

Historical Glottometry is a method, recently proposed by Kalyan and François (François 2014;Kalyan & François 2018), for analyzing and representing the relationships among sister languages in a language family. We present a glottometric analysis of the Sogeram language family of Papua New Guinea and, in the process, provide an evaluation of the method. We focus on three topics that we regard as problematic: how to handle the higher incidence of cross-cutting isoglosses in the Sogeram data; how best to handle lexical innovations; and what to do when the data do not allow the analyst to be sure whether a given language underwent a given innovation or not. For each topic we compare different ways of coding and calculating the data and suggest the best way forward. We conclude by proposing changes to the way glottometric data are coded and calculated and the way glottometric results are visualized. We also discuss how to incorporate Historical Glottometry into an effective historical-linguistic research workflow.
Visualizing the Boni dialectswith Historical Glottometry
Authors: Elias Alexander
Published: July 2019

This paper deals with the historical relations between dialects of Boni, a Cushitic language of Kenya and Somalia.
Boni forms the subject of Volume 10 of the Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya (Heine & Möhlig 1982). Heine presents evidence for three subgroups within Boni, as well as several
areas of convergence between dialects belonging to different proposed subgroups. In reviewing his evidence, I find that two of the
three splits are not supported by the data, and therefore his conclusions on convergence must also be reinterpreted. Given the
presence of numerous intersecting isoglosses, the tree diagram is an inappropriate model for describing the relations between Boni
dialects, and I turn to Historical Glottometry (Kalyan & François 2018) to provide
a visualization of the data.
Microvariation in thehave yet toconstruction
Authors: Tyler Matthew , Wood Jim
Published: July 2019

Thehave yet toconstruction, exemplified by sentences such asJohn has yet to visit his grandmother,is widespread across dialects of English. However, recent studies have revealed that behind this apparent unity, there is significant variation in the syntactic properties of thehave yet toconstruction. Speakers vary with respect to (i) the status ofhaveas an auxiliary or main verb, (ii) the status of negation tests, and (iii) the status of a variety of relatedyet toconstructions. The goal of this paper is to sort out the microsyntax ofhave yet toacross speakers, in the face of contradictory empirical claims and mutually incompatible proposals in the existing literature. We develop an analysis based in part on two wide-scale surveys we have conducted. With respect tohave,we show that speakers who can treat it as a main verb can also treat it as an auxiliary, but not necessarily vice-versa. We propose that the variation in this case has to do with where theperfect features are introduced in the clause. With respect to negation, we find that speakers do not treat all the negation tests the same, forcing us to contend with the question of how these tests work. We propose that for most speakers, only the embedded clause is syntactically negative. Negation tests split according to whether they must target the matrix clause, or whether they can target an embedded clause as well. In some cases, the tests reveal the same sentence to be both affirmative and negative, as we expect: the matrix clause is syntactically affirmative, but the embedded clause, which hosts the lexical content, is syntactically negative.
N-V-T, a framework for the analysis of social dynamics in address pronouns
Authors: Cook Manuela
Published: July 2019

Address pronouns are often discussed within a T-V model of evaluation, where T symbolizes a familiar or informal approach and V a polite or formal approach. These two postures are originally associated with asymmetric personal and group interaction. N-V-T is an alternative framework of evaluation that considers neutrality, N, as an essential component. English unmarked, single pronoun you bypasses the T-V binary and has become a global example of the N posture. This chapter analyses the Anglophone case and how it compares with other languages, in some of which a traditional V or T encoder may be playing a new role in response to the inter-relational shifts which are taking place in today’s worldwide evolution of address pronoun social dynamics.
When we means you
Authors: Wilson Nick
Published: July 2019

This chapter uses qualitative and quantitative analysis of interactions collected in a New Zealand rugby team to analyse the way in which pronominal choice impacts upon the social dynamics of leadership discourse. In particular, the pseudo-inclusive first person plural pronoun is examined in terms of its solidarity enhancing effect and mitigation of leadership-focused speech acts. Pronominal use is analysed with reference to the sociolinguistic concept of stance alignment and how this can mitigate potential face-threat. The discussion considers that by including themselves with the addressees of an interaction, leaders can attenuate the illocutionary force of speech acts such as directives and criticism, whilst maximising the directness of their expression, and goes on to question the social function of pseudo-inclusive compliments.
Address pronouns and alternatives
Authors: Cook Manuela
Published: July 2019

Polycentric languages experience variation. Address pronouns and other forms of address constitute an area which is particularly open to national preferences, where the language is influenced by different cultural backgrounds and performs at the service of different social dynamics. In translation work, achieving comparable renderings between the source language and the target language will require a discerning awareness of specific sociological and sociolinguistic characteristics in the relevant places of origin and destination of the text being converted. This chapter examines challenges and proposes solutions for those decoding and encoding between English and Portuguese. It does so using a framework of evaluation deemed to promote insight and using techniques that are transferable to other language pairs, particularly where English is involved.
T-V address practices in Italian
Authors: Maeder Costantino , Werner Romane
Published: July 2019

The aim of this research was to examine the Italian pronouns of address by means of (1) diachronic, (2) diatopic, and (3) diastratic analyses. Drawing on corpus linguistics, we compiled a two million-word corpus made up of narrative texts written by both men and women writers from the Italian classic literature. (1) Our outcomes confirm that the most recurrent pronoun is tu, whereas Voi and Lei quantitatively come after. With respect to politeness strategies, the pronoun Voi appeared with a higher frequency during the 19th century, whereas Lei was more recurrent during the 20th and the 21st centuries. (2) Our data suggest that, unpredictably, both pronouns tu and Lei would be idiosyncratic to Southerners and Voi to Northerners in our diachronic corpus, whereas both tu and Voi appear to be typical of individuals from the South and Lei from the North in our contemporary corpus. This also confirms some tendencies: the current regional use of Voi as the V-form in the South as well as the increase in the usage of tu. (3) Men writers would tend to be more polite than women authors. Besides, women writers who supported the fascist regime tended to make use of the pronoun Voi in order to comport with its politics of pronouns. On the contrary, antifascist women had the tendency to use the pronoun Lei. Contrary to the bulk of research, the outcomes of this research emphasise men’s politeness rather than women’s while adding up crucial data on the temporal evolution of the pronouns.
Me, myself, and ako
Authors: Osborne Dana
Published: July 2019

This analysis explores the complex existential relationship that multilingual speakers in the Philippines forge between sign (language) and object (ego) when referring to themselves in Taglish using both the first-person pronouns, I (English) and ako (Tagalog) in single tweets. Bringing together complementary analytical approaches on pronouns, codeswitching/mixing, and voice, this analysis explores the ways in which the self can be dynamically constituted in the dialogic interplay of first-person pronouns in English and Tagalog on the social media platform of Twitter. Data explored in this chapter help to investigate the philosophical question of whether I and ako operate in a one-to-one existential relationship with the ego and to examine the complex ways that languages dynamically interact with one another to construct complex, kaleidoscopic selves.
Microstructure and oxidation resistance of porous NbAl3 intermetallic prepared by thermal explosion reaction
Authors: Cai Xiaoping , Xu Rui , Ren Xuanru , Kang Xueqin , Feng Peizhong
Published: July 2019

Porous Nb–Al intermetallic was prepared by thermal explosion (TE) of combustion synthesis (CS). The temperature profile, phase composition, open porosity and oxidation resistance of Nb–Al compact were investigated. The results showed that the significant exothermic reaction occurred, which means that an obvious TE appeared during heating. The volume expansion of 190% was observed, and the prepared sample exhibited interconnected pores with an open porosity of 65.7%. The porous NbAl3 intermetallic showed ‘pest’ oxidation in the temperature range of 500–600°C, and followed the parabolic oxidation law at 400°C. Moreover, due to the highly porous structure, this material had great potential for application to separation and heat insulation at a temperature range of room temperature to 400°C.
The Effects of Linseed Supplementation in Ration on Milk Production and Quality of Lactating Ettawa Crossbreed Dairy Goats
Authors: Widyawati S D , Hadi R F , Hanifa A
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of linseed in ration on milk production and quality of lactating Ettawa crossbreed dairy goat. Sixteen Ettawa crossbreed dairy goats were allotted according to completely randomized block design. The goats were distributed into 4 blocks according to the initial milk production and 4 treatments. The treatments consisted of basal ration consisted of 20% odot grass and 80% concentrate (T1), and ration consisted of 20% odot grass and 70% concentrate supplemented with 10% linseed (T2), 10% linseed protected with 10 g/kg formaldehyde (T3), or 10% linseed protected with 34 g/kg cinnamaldehyde (T4). The results showed that linseed supplementation had no effect on dry matter intake, milk production and quality including milk fat and protein content. The ratio of milk production and protein consumption was not affected by the treatment. It is concluded that linseed supplementation in the ration of lactating Ettawa Crossbreed dairy goats ration had no effect on dry matter intake, milk production and quality.
The Performances of Male Local Sheep Fed with Different Level of Expired Bread
Authors: Hanifa A. , Sudiyono
Published: July 2019

The objectives of the study were to determine male local sheep performances fed with different level of expired bread. Twelve male local sheep with body weight 21,54 ± 1,93 kg (CV = 8,82%) were used in this study and divided into 4 feed treatments and 3 replications. The design of this study is a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first treatment P0 was a control, sheep fed with 100% basal concentrates. The second treatment P1, sheep fed with 95% basal concentrates plus 5% expired bread. The third treatment P2, sheep fed with 90% basal concentrates plus 10% expired bread. And the last treatment P3, sheep fed with 85% basal concentrates plus 15% expired bread. Data collected were dry matter intake (g/day), body weight gain (g/day), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and Feed cost per gain (Rp/kg). The result showed that feed treatments didn’t significantly affect dry matter intake, body weight gain, FCR and IOFC. The average of dry matter intake of treatment P0, P1, P2 and P3 respectively was 1120,76; 1097,22; 1167,11 and 1132,73 g/day. The average of body weight gain of treatment P0, P1, P2 and P3 respectively was 371,30; 335,56; 363,33 and 306,67 g/day. The average of FCR of treatment P0, P1, P2 and P3 respectively was 3,09; 3,23; 3,43; and 3,33. The average of feed cost per gain of treatment P0, P1, P2 and P3 respectively was Rp. 11.483/kg; Rp. 12.156/kg; Rp. 11.588/kg and Rp. 12.502/kg. In conclusion, the use of expired bread to the level of 15% doesn’t significantly affect DMI, ADG and FCR. Feed cost per Gain is obtained from IDR 11.483 to IDR 12.502.
The Effect of Black Soybean Tempe Extract on the Increase of Proliferation Stimulation Index (PTI), Protein Tyrosine Kinase Enzyme Activity and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen of Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Nurrahman  , Nurhidajah
Published: July 2019

Phytochemical components of tempe could interact with receptors on the surface of lymphocytes, which then increase the activity of the enzyme of protein tyrosine kinase and DNA polymerase. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of black soybean tempe extract on the increase of proliferation stimulation index, protein tyrosine kinase enzyme activity, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen of human lymphocytes, in vitro. A number of 15 ml blood samples were drawn from a total of five respondents. The lymphocytes were then separated from these blood samples and later cultured. The black soybean tempe extract was added in varied concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg/ml in the culturing process and used as a positive control in cultures with added PHA. Lymphocyte cultures were incubated for 72 hours and after that their PSI, PTK enzyme activity and PCNA were analyzed. The results showed that the extract of black soybean tempe added to cultured human lymphocytes significantly affected the lymphocytes PSI, PTK enzyme activity and PCNA, where the increased level of black soybean tempe extract added into the lymphocyte culture tended to raise the values of PSI, PTK enzyme activity and PCNA. The addition of black soybean tempe extract to cultured human lymphocytes affected the lymphocytes PSI, PTK, and PCNA.
Combination of Tempe and Bran Flours Towards Nutritional Content as an Antihyperlipidemic and Antistress Oxidative
Authors: Bintanah S , Muis S F , Purwanto A P , Kusuma H S
Published: July 2019

Dyslipidemia condition will effect on the occurrence of oxidative stress. one of the efforts to improve lipid profiles is by consuming food containing antioxidant which have the potential to improve lipid profiles (10). The aim of this study was to obtain a formula which contains the most nutrients and antioxidants from a combination of soybean tempe flour with bran. The method used in this study was an experiment. Black soybeans and yellow soybeans were processed into tempe and then molded, red bran and white bran were then heated using a Dreyer Cabinet with a temperature of 100oC for 20-30 minutes then sifted using an 80 mesh size sieve. Mix each (1) yellow soybean tempe flour + white bran flour, (2) black soybean tempe flour + white bran flour (BSF+ WBF) (3) yellow soybean tempe flour + red bran flour (YSF+ RBF), (4) black soybean tempe flour + red bran flour (BSF+ RBF), with a composition of 1: 1 and weighing 112 grams each, noncalorie sweetener 3 gram and 3 gram food flavoring. Results: The combination of YSF+ WBF with a composition of 1: 1 which had higher levels of protein, fat, vitamin E and low carbs compared to the combination of BSF+ WBF, YSF+ RBF or BSF+ RBF. Of the four best formulations received by the panelists, the combination of yellow soybean flour with white rice bran with a composition of 1: 1
Improvement of Plant Growth and Production of Waxy Corn with Organic-NP Enriched Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer in Sragen District of Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Lukiwati D R , Kusmiyati F , Yafizham  , Anwar S
Published: July 2019

Organic and inorganic fertilizer are important for crop productivity. Waxy corn (Zea mays ceratina L) is used under crop-livestock system (CLS) in Indonesia. The characterized of CLS is crop yield for food, stover and corn-husk for livestock feed, cattle dung for manure as organic fertilizer. The quality of manure could be enhanced by adding organic-N (Gliricidea sepium) and organic-P (rock phosphate, guano) at the initial fermentation process that was called manure plus. Present study investigated the effects of organic-NP enriched manure application on plant growth and waxy corn production, stover and corn-husk production in vertisol soil Sragen District, Central Java. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with seven treatments and four replicates, T1 (inorganic-NPK), T2 (manure), T3 (manure+RP), T4 (manure+guano), T5 (manure + legume), T6 (manure+ RP+legume), and T7 (manure+guano+legume). The results showed that plant height and waxy corn production non-significantly affected by the treatment. Fresh waxy corn stover production and fresh corn-husk production significantly affected by the treatments. Manure plus resulted in similar on fresh waxy corn stover production and fresh corn-husk production compared to inorganic-NP fertilizer. It was concluded that organic-NP enriched manure replaces NPK as inorganic fertilizer.
Assessing of project management process knowledge area: procurement based on project management maturity model pmmm) (case study of pqr company)
Authors: Putri S M , Pratami D , Tripiawan W , Rahmanto G
Published: July 2019

PBO (Project Based Organization) is one of the ways for organization in improving their business value and benefits. Organization is challenged to continually improve their project management performance through their capability management process. In other words, applying the measurement of management maturity is needed to gain the determinants of project performance. PQR company is a project-oriented public sector company in its work. Currently it is important for PQR company to know the achievements of its project management. Therefore, the research was conducted to identify the level of maturity of the current project management implementation in the procurement area. This research utilizes a framework by way of Project Management Maturity Model (PMMM). The measurement is conducted to knowledge area Project Procurement Management which the processes are Plan Procurement Management, Conducts Procurements, and Control Procurements. The primary data will be collected by interview the top managers of the company using Self-Assessment Survey. The results show for the overall process Procurement Management rated as level 3 maturity regarding to the standards and process management in organization. By using the PMMM framework enabling organization to enhass the performance of Project Procurement Management through the best practice given.
Design the Supply chain risk mitigation with supply chain risk management approach in spring bed factory
Authors: Parinduri SK , Sinulingga S , Sembiring MT
Published: July 2019

A risk is often described an event, a change in situation, or a consequence. It can be handled or eliminated by using risk management. The objective of the research was to identify some factors which caused the lateness in delivering raw materials until it comes on time at spring bed factory, a company which produces spring beds. Within these 2 years the company has had the problem of providing raw materials which are often delivered late so that the company cannot meet consumers’ demand punctually. In consequence it suffers financial loss. The research used HOR (HOR I and HOR II) by identifying risk event and risk agent. The result of the identification with HOR I risk agent, it was found that the lateness was caused by the lateness of ship arrival, the lateness in supplying raw materials, dependency on parent company. To mitigate risk agent, mitigating strategy (HOR II) was organized such as making work contract with suppliers that came from parent company in order to communicate directly with suppliers, procuring raw materials from 2 weeks to 2 months before they were needed, and doing multiple routes.