bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Interplanetary Expansion and Deformation of Coronal Mass Ejections With ANTEATR‐PARADE: Sensitivity to Input Parameters
Authors: Kay C. , Nieves‐Chinchilla T.
Published: May 2021

Space weather predictions related to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) requires understanding how a CME is initiated and how its properties change as it propagates. Most predictions have been limited to the arrival time of a CME and include little to no information about the CME's internal properties. ANother Type of Ensemble Arrival Time Results‐Physics‐driven Approach to Realistic Axis Deformation and Expansion (ANTEATR‐PARADE) represents the most thorough description of the interplanetary evolution of CMEs in a highly computationally‐efficient model (Kay & Nieves‐Chinchilla, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028911). presents the derivation of this model, where we have added an elliptical cross section to the original arrival time model ANTEATR and introduced internal magnetic and thermal forces that, combined with the drag, can alter the shape of the central axis and cross section. ANTEATR‐PARADE results include the transit time of CMEs, as well as the shape and size, propagation and expansion velocities, density, and magnetic field properties upon impact. We determine the dependence of each output on each of the ANTEATR‐PARADE input parameters. For a fast CME, we see that the parameterization of our thermal and magnetic models tends to be more important than the actual initial temperature or magnetic field strength. We extend to other CMEs and find that the sensitivities change with CME scale with thermal forces being more important for a weaker CME and magnetic forces being more important for a stronger CME. The most critical parameters for space weather predictions are the CME mass, the initial magnetic field strength, the adiabatic index, and the profile of the axial magnetic field strength.
The GAR/RGG motif defines a family of nuclear alarmins
Authors: Wu Shan , Teo Boon Heng Dennis , Wee Seng Yin Kelly , Chen Junjie , Lu Jinhua
Published: May 2021

The nucleus is the target of autoantibodies in many diseases, which suggests intrinsic nuclear adjuvants that confer its high autoimmunogenicity. Nucleolin (NCL) is one abundant nucleolar autoantigen in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and, in lupus-prone mice, it elicits autoantibodies early. With purified NCL, we observed that it was a potent alarmin that activated monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and it was a ligand for TLR2 and TLR4. NCL released by necrotic cells also exhibited alarmin activity. The NCL alarmin activity resides in its glycine/arginine-rich (GAR/RGG) motif and can be displayed by synthetic GAR/RGG peptides. Two more GAR/RGG-containing nucleolar proteins, fibrillarin (FBRL) and GAR1, were also confirmed to be novel alarmins. Therefore, the GAR/RGG alarmin motif predicts a family of nucleolar alarmins. The apparent prevalence of nucleolar alarmins suggests their positive contribution to tissue homeostasis by inducing self-limiting tissue inflammation with autoimmunity only occurring when surveillance is broken down.
Apatinib suppresses lung cancer stem-like cells by complex interplay between β-catenin signaling and mitochondrial ROS accumulation
Authors: Zhu Jianyun , Li Xiaoting , Liang Chunhua , Zhou Xu , Ge Miaomiao , Chen Yue , Jin Jianliang , Yin Juan , Xu Haie , Xie Chunfeng , Zhong Caiyun
Published: May 2021

The abnormal activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in the development of lung cancer, which is also important in the generation and maintenance of lung cancer stem cell (CSC). CSCs have unique capabilities to resist anticancer therapy, seed recurrent tumors, and disseminate to and colonize distant tissues. Apatinib, a small-molecule VEGFR2-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, shows highly efficient antitumor activity in heavily treated, chemoresistant, and metastatic lung cancer. We speculated that inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and targeting lung CSCs could be one of the anti-tumor mechanisms of apatinib. In the present study we demonstrated that apatinib repressed lung CSC-like traits by hindering sphere formation ability, lung CSC-related marker expression and decreasing chemoresistance derived stemness. Mechanistically, apatinib exerted its anti-CSC effects by inhibiting β-catenin and its downstream targets. Moreover, apatinib induced the production of reactive oxyen species (ROS), which participated in the inhibitory effects of apatinib on lung CSCs. It was found that β-catenin regulated apatinib-induced production of ROS. Inhibition or promotion of ROS production with N-acetyl-L-cysteine or H2O2 not only upregulated or downregulated β-catenin expression, but also prevented or promoted DNA damage, rescued or impeded sphere formation, respectively. Collectively, our findings reveal that apatinib directly inhibits β-catenin signaling and promotes ROS generation to suppress lung CSC-like characteristics. A clearer understanding of the anti-cancer mechanisms of apatinib is required for its better application in combating advanced and refractory/recurrent lung cancer when combined with conventional chemotherapy.
The epidemicity index of recurrent SARS-CoV-2 infections
Authors: Mari Lorenzo , Casagrandi Renato , Bertuzzo Enrico , Pasetto Damiano , Miccoli Stefano , Rinaldo Andrea , Gatto Marino
Published: May 2021

Several indices can predict the long-term fate of emerging infectious diseases and the effect of their containment measures, including a variety of reproduction numbers (e.g. $${{\mathcal{R}}}_{0}$$

R

0

). Other indices evaluate the potential for transient increases of epidemics eventually doomed to disappearance, based on generalized reactivity analysis. They identify conditions for perturbations to a stable disease-free equilibrium ($${{\mathcal{R}}}_{0}\,<\,1$$

R

0

<

1
) to grow, possibly causing significant damage. Here, we introduce the epidemicity index e0, a threshold-type indicator: if e0 > 0, initial foci may cause infection peaks even if $${{\mathcal{R}}}_{0}\,<\,1$$

R

0

<

1
. Therefore, effective containment measures should achieve a negative epidemicity index. We use spatially explicit models to rank containment measures for projected evolutions of the ongoing pandemic in Italy. There, we show that, while the effective reproduction number was below one for a sizable timespan, epidemicity remained positive, allowing recurrent infection flare-ups well before the major epidemic rebounding observed in the fall.
Electron donation of non-oxide supports boosts O2 activation on nano-platinum catalysts
Authors: Gan Tao , Yang Jingxiu , Morris David , Chu Xuefeng , Zhang Peng , Zhang Wenxiang , Zou Yongcun , Yan Wenfu , Wei Su-Huai , Liu Gang
Published: May 2021

Activation of O2 is a critical step in heterogeneous catalytic oxidation. Here, the concept of increased electron donors induced by nitrogen vacancy is adopted to propose an efficient strategy to develop highly active and stable catalysts for molecular O2 activation. Carbon nitride with nitrogen vacancies is prepared to serve as a support as well as electron sink to construct a synergistic catalyst with Pt nanoparticles. Extensive characterizations combined with the first-principles calculations reveal that nitrogen vacancies with excess electrons could effectively stabilize metallic Pt nanoparticles by strong p-d coupling. The Pt atoms and the dangling carbon atoms surround the vacancy can synergistically donate electrons to the antibonding orbital of the adsorbed O2. This synergistic catalyst shows great enhancement of catalytic performance and durability in toluene oxidation. The introduction of electron-rich non-oxide substrate is an innovative strategy to develop active Pt-based oxidation catalysts, which could be conceivably extended to a variety of metal-based catalysts for catalytic oxidation.
Feeding-induced resistance to acute lethal sepsis is dependent on hepatic BMAL1 and FXR signalling
Authors: Geiger Sarah S. , Traba Javier , Richoz Nathan , Farley Taylor K. , Brooks Stephen R. , Petermann Franziska , Wang Lingdi , Gonzalez Frank J. , Sack Michael N. , Siegel Richard M.
Published: May 2021

In mice, time of day strongly influences lethality in response to LPS, with survival greatest at the beginning compared to the end of the light cycle. Here we show that feeding, rather than light, controls time-of-day dependent LPS sensitivity. Mortality following LPS administration is independent of cytokine production and the clock regulator BMAL1 expressed in myeloid cells. In contrast, deletion of BMAL1 in hepatocytes globally disrupts the transcriptional response to the feeding cycle in the liver and results in constitutively high LPS sensitivity. Using RNAseq and functional validation studies we identify hepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signalling as a BMAL1 and feeding-dependent regulator of LPS susceptibility. These results show that hepatocyte-intrinsic BMAL1 and FXR signalling integrate nutritional cues to regulate survival in response to innate immune stimuli. Understanding hepatic molecular programmes operational in response to these cues could identify novel pathways for targeting to enhance endotoxemia resistance.
Molecular basis for the allosteric activation mechanism of the heterodimeric imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase complex
Authors: Wurm Jan Philip , Sung Sihyun , Kneuttinger Andrea Christa , Hupfeld Enrico , Sterner Reinhard , Wilmanns Matthias , Sprangers Remco
Published: May 2021

Imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase (HisFH) is a heterodimeric bienzyme complex operating at a central branch point of metabolism. HisFH is responsible for the HisH-catalyzed hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate and ammonia, which is then used for a cyclase reaction by HisF. The HisFH complex is allosterically regulated but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here, we elucidate the molecular basis of the long range, allosteric activation of HisFH. We establish that the catalytically active HisFH conformation is only formed when the substrates of both HisH and HisF are bound. We show that in this conformation an oxyanion hole in the HisH active site is established, which rationalizes the observed 4500-fold allosteric activation compared to the inactive conformation. In solution, the inactive and active conformations are in a dynamic equilibrium and the HisFH turnover rates correlate with the population of the active conformation, which is in accordance with the ensemble model of allostery.
Mechanical plasticity of collagen directs branch elongation in human mammary gland organoids
Authors: Buchmann B. , Engelbrecht L. K. , Fernandez P. , Hutterer F. P. , Raich M. K. , Scheel C. H. , Bausch A. R.
Published: May 2021

Epithelial branch elongation is a central developmental process during branching morphogenesis in diverse organs. This fundamental growth process into large arborized epithelial networks is accompanied by structural reorganization of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), well beyond its mechanical linear response regime. Here, we report that epithelial ductal elongation within human mammary organoid branches relies on the non-linear and plastic mechanical response of the surrounding collagen. Specifically, we demonstrate that collective back-and-forth motion of cells within the branches generates tension that is strong enough to induce a plastic reorganization of the surrounding collagen network which results in the formation of mechanically stable collagen cages. Such matrix encasing in turn directs further tension generation, branch outgrowth and plastic deformation of the matrix. The identified mechanical tension equilibrium sets a framework to understand how mechanical cues can direct ductal branch elongation.
On the origin of the controversial electrostatic field effect in superconductors
Authors: Golokolenov I. , Guthrie A. , Kafanov S. , Pashkin Yu. A. , Tsepelin V.
Published: May 2021

Superconducting quantum devices offer numerous applications, from electrical metrology and magnetic sensing to energy-efficient high-end computing and advanced quantum information processing. The key elements of quantum circuits are (single and double) Josephson junctions controllable either by electric current or magnetic field. The voltage control, commonly used in semiconductor-based devices via the electrostatic field effect, would be far more versatile and practical. Hence, the field effect recently reported in superconducting devices may revolutionise the whole field of superconductor electronics provided it is confirmed. Here we show that the suppression of the critical current attributed to the field effect, can be explained by quasiparticle excitations in the constriction of superconducting devices. Our results demonstrate that a miniscule leakage current between the gate and the constriction of devices perfectly follows the Fowler-Nordheim model of electron field emission from a metal electrode and injects quasiparticles with energies sufficient to weaken or even suppress superconductivity.
Non-invasive, opsin-free mid-infrared modulation activates cortical neurons and accelerates associative learning
Authors: Zhang Jianxiong , He Yong , Liang Shanshan , Liao Xiang , Li Tong , Qiao Zhi , Chang Chao , Jia Hongbo , Chen Xiaowei
Published: May 2021

Neurostimulant drugs or magnetic/electrical stimulation techniques can overcome attention deficits, but these drugs or techniques are weakly beneficial in boosting the learning capabilities of healthy subjects. Here, we report a stimulation technique, mid-infrared modulation (MIM), that delivers mid-infrared light energy through the opened skull or even non-invasively through a thinned intact skull and can activate brain neurons in vivo without introducing any exogeneous gene. Using c-Fos immunohistochemistry, in vivo single-cell electrophysiology and two-photon Ca2+ imaging in mice, we demonstrate that MIM significantly induces firing activities of neurons in the targeted cortical area. Moreover, mice that receive MIM targeting to the auditory cortex during an auditory associative learning task exhibit a faster learning speed (~50% faster) than control mice. Together, this non-invasive, opsin-free MIM technique is demonstrated with potential for modulating neuronal activity.
Reducing the impact of radioactivity on quantum circuits in a deep-underground facility
Authors: Cardani L. , Valenti F. , Casali N. , Catelani G. , Charpentier T. , Clemenza M. , Colantoni I. , Cruciani A. , D’Imperio G. , Gironi L. , Grünhaupt L. , Gusenkova D. , Henriques F. , Lagoin M. , Martinez M. , Pettinari G. , Rusconi C. , Sander O. , Tomei C. , Ustinov A. V. , Weber M. , Wernsdorfer W. , Vignati M. , Pirro S. , Pop I. M.
Published: May 2021

As quantum coherence times of superconducting circuits have increased from nanoseconds to hundreds of microseconds, they are currently one of the leading platforms for quantum information processing. However, coherence needs to further improve by orders of magnitude to reduce the prohibitive hardware overhead of current error correction schemes. Reaching this goal hinges on reducing the density of broken Cooper pairs, so-called quasiparticles. Here, we show that environmental radioactivity is a significant source of nonequilibrium quasiparticles. Moreover, ionizing radiation introduces time-correlated quasiparticle bursts in resonators on the same chip, further complicating quantum error correction. Operating in a deep-underground lead-shielded cryostat decreases the quasiparticle burst rate by a factor thirty and reduces dissipation up to a factor four, showcasing the importance of radiation abatement in future solid-state quantum hardware.
Mechanism of MRX inhibition by Rif2 at telomeres
Authors: Roisné-Hamelin Florian , Pobiega Sabrina , Jézéquel Kévin , Miron Simona , Dépagne Jordane , Veaute Xavier , Busso Didier , Du Marie-Hélène Le , Callebaut Isabelle , Charbonnier Jean-Baptiste , Cuniasse Philippe , Zinn-Justin Sophie , Marcand Stéphane
Published: May 2021

Specific proteins present at telomeres ensure chromosome end stability, in large part through unknown mechanisms. In this work, we address how theSaccharomyces cerevisiaeORC-related Rif2 protein protects telomere. We show that the small N-terminal Rif2 BAT motif (BlocksAddition ofTelomeres) previously known to limit telomere elongation and Tel1 activity is also sufficient to block NHEJ and 5’ end resection. The BAT motif inhibits the ability of the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 complex (MRX) to capture DNA ends. It acts through a direct contact with Rad50 ATP-binding Head domains. Through genetic approaches guided by structural predictions, we identify residues at the surface of Rad50 that are essential for the interaction with Rif2 and its inhibition. Finally, a docking model predicts how BAT binding could specifically destabilise the DNA-bound state of the MRX complex. From these results, we propose that when an MRX complex approaches a telomere, the Rif2 BAT motif binds MRX Head in its ATP-bound resting state. This antagonises MRX transition to its DNA-bound state, and favours a rapid return to the ATP-bound state. Unable to stably capture the telomere end, the MRX complex cannot proceed with the subsequent steps of NHEJ, Tel1-activation and 5’ resection.
Overcoming detection loss and noise in squeezing-based optical sensing
Authors: Frascella Gaetano , Agne Sascha , Khalili Farid Ya. , Chekhova Maria V.
Published: May 2021

Among the known resources of quantum metrology, one of the most practical and efficient is squeezing. Squeezed states of atoms and light improve the sensing of the phase, magnetic field, polarization, mechanical displacement. They promise to considerably increase signal-to-noise ratio in imaging and spectroscopy, and are already used in real-life gravitational-wave detectors. But despite being more robust than other states, they are still very fragile, which narrows the scope of their application. In particular, squeezed states are useless in measurements where the detection is inefficient or the noise is high. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a remedy against loss and noise: strong noiseless amplification before detection. This way, we achieve loss-tolerant operation of an interferometer fed with squeezed and coherent light. With only 50% detection efficiency and with noise exceeding the level of squeezed light more than 50 times, we overcome the shot-noise limit by 6 dB. Sub-shot-noise phase sensitivity survives up to 87% loss. Application of this technique to other types of optical sensing and imaging promises a full use of quantum resources in these fields.
Androgen-deprivation therapy and the risk of newly developed fractures in patients with prostate cancer: a nationwide cohort study in Korea
Authors: Kim Do Kyung , Lee Hye Sun , Park Ju-Young , Kim Jong Won , Ahn Hyun Kyu , Ha Jee Soo , Cho Kang Su
Published: May 2021

We evaluated the risk of osteoporosis and fractures associated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) use and duration in men with prostate cancer. From the nationwide claims database in South Korea, a total of 218,203 men with prostate cancer were identified between 2008 and 2017. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 144,670 patients were included in the analysis. To adjust for comorbidities between cohorts, 1:1 propensity score matching was used. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of events associated with ADT, after controlling for potential confounding factors. In the matched cohort, there were differences in the incidence of newly developed osteoporosis (8.79% in the ADT group vs. 7.08% in the non-ADT group, p < 0.0001) and fractures (8.12% in the ADT group vs. 5.04% in the non-ADT group, p < 0.0001). Age-adjusted Cox regression analysis revealed that the ADT group had a significantly higher risk of osteoporosis (HR, 1.381; 95% CI, 1.305–1.461; p < 0.0001) and fractures (HR, 1.815; 95% CI, 1.703–1.935; p < 0.0001) compared to the non-ADT group. Furthermore, the risk of osteoporosis and fractures increased as the duration of ADT increased. The ADT was associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures in prostate cancer patients. Clinicians who administer ADT for patients with prostate cancer should always be mindful of the risk of osteoporosis and fracture, avoid unnecessary ADT, and perform regular bone health check-ups.
Association of weight fluctuation with cardiovascular disease risk among initially obese adults
Authors: Jeong Seogsong , Choi Seulggie , Chang Jooyoung , Kim Kyuwoong , Kim Sung Min , Hwang Seo Yun , Son Joung Sik , Lee Gyeongsil , Park Sang Min
Published: May 2021

The association of fluctuations in body mass index with cardiovascular risk in long-term is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate cardiovascular outcomes of weight fluctuation. Total of 67,101 obese adults from the Korean National Health Insurance Service who received health examinations in three separate biennial periods were included. Participants were followed up from January 1, 2008 to the date of cardiovascular disease, death, or December 31, 2015, and categorized into 9 distinctive groups according to the BMI. Continuous weight gain showed an increased risk of overall cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR], 2.36;P = 0.007), whereas weight loss after weight maintenance (HR, 0.91;P = 0.016) and weight maintenance after weight loss (HR, 0.91;P = 0.004) were ameliorative compared to the no weight change group. As for coronary heart disease, weight maintenance after weight gain was unfavorable (HR, 1.25;P = 0.004) while weight loss after weight maintenance (HR, 0.82;P < 0.001), weight cycling (HR, 0.83;P = 0.043), and weight maintenance after weight loss (HR, 0.88;P = 0.012) were beneficial. Weight maintenance after weight loss is beneficial for obese adults in terms of cardiovascular risks. In addition, weight loss is in part related to reduced risk of coronary heart disease despite weight cycling.
Quantitative laryngoscopy with computer-aided diagnostic system for laryngeal lesions
Authors: Kuo Chung Feng Jeffrey , Lai Wen-Sen , Barman Jagadish , Liu Shao-Cheng
Published: May 2021

Laryngoscopes are widely used in the clinical diagnosis of laryngeal lesions, but such diagnosis relies heavily on the physician's subjective experience. The purpose of this study was to develop a computer-aided diagnostic system for the detection of laryngeal lesions based on objective criteria. This study used the distinct features of the image contour to find the clearest image in the laryngoscopic video. First to reduce the illumination problem caused by the laryngoscope lens, which could not fix the position of the light source, this study proposed image compensation to provide the image with a consistent brightness range for better performance. Second, we also proposed a method to automatically screen clear images from laryngoscopic film. Third, we used ACM to segment automatically them based on structural features of the pharynx and larynx, using hue and geometric analysis in the vocal cords and other zones. Finally, the support vector machine was used to classify laryngeal lesions based on a decision tree. This study evaluated the performance of the proposed system by assessing the laryngeal images of 284 patients. The accuracy of the detection for vocal cord polyps, cysts, leukoplakia, tumors, and healthy vocal cords were 93.15%, 95.16%, 100%, 96.42%, and 100%, respectively. The cross-validation accuracy for the five classes were 93.1%, 94.95%, 99.4%, 96.01% and 100%, respectively, and the average test accuracy for the laryngeal lesions was 93.33%. Our results showed that it was feasible to take the hue and geometric features of the larynx as signs to identify laryngeal lesions and that they could effectively assist physicians in diagnosing laryngeal lesions.
Author Correction: Probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.)
Authors: Parvathy Sujatha Thankeswaran , Prabakaran Amala Joseph , Jayakrishna Thadakamalla
Published: May 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
The food additive fast green FCF inhibits α-synuclein aggregation, disassembles mature fibrils and protects against amyloid-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Wang Fenghua , Wang Ying , Jiang Luying , Wang Wenqian , Sang Jingcheng , Wang Xinyu , Lu Fuping , Liu Fufeng
Published: May 2021

A safe food additive, fast green FCF, was identified and characterized to be capable of inhibiting α-synuclein fibrillogenesis, disassembling mature fibrils and reducing the related cytotoxicity.
Pd-Catalyzed tandem C–C/C–O/C–H single bond cleavage of 3-allyloxybenzocyclobutenols
Authors: Tang Tian-Mu , Liu Min , Wu Hongli , Gou Ting , Hu Xi , Wang Bi-Qin , Hu Ping , Song Feijie , Huang Genping
Published: May 2021

A Pd-catalyzed skeletal rearrangement of 3-allyloxybenzocyclobutenols was achieved, which involved tandem C–C/C–O bond cleavage and C–H allylic substitution.
Selective photocatalytic oxidation of 3-pyridinemethanol on platinized acid/base modified TiO2
Authors: Yurdakal Sedat , Çetinkaya Sıdıka , Augugliaro Vincenzo , Palmisano Giovanni , Sá Jacinto , Lewin Erik , Garlisi Corrado
Published: May 2021

TEM micrographs of selected platinized samples.
Lactobacillus paracasei modulates the gut microbiota and improves inflammation in type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Zeng Zhu , Guo Xiaoxuan , Zhang Jinlan , Yuan Qipeng , Chen Shangwu
Published: May 2021

L. paracasei NL41 maintained the gut microecosystem, which led to improvement of the gut barrier function and reduction of the permeation of LPS, thereby inhibiting inflammation.
Transforming growth factor-β blockade modulates tumor mechanical microenvironments for enhanced antitumor efficacy of photodynamic therapy
Authors: Chen Jitang , Li Si , Liu Xin , Liu Sha , Xiao Chen , Zhang Zhijie , Li Shiyou , Li Zifu , Yang Xiangliang
Published: May 2021

Remodeling tumor mechanical microenvironments using TGFβ blockade significantly promotes the delivery of nano-photosensitizers to stroma-rich solid tumors and boosts the antitumor effect of photodynamic therapy.
Hybrid silica micro-particles with light-responsive surface properties and Janus-like character
Authors: Romano A. , Sangermano M. , Rossegger E. , Mühlbacher I. , Griesser T. , Giebler M. , Palmara G. , Frascella F. , Roppolo I. , Schlögl S.
Published: May 2021

The present work highlights the synthesis and post-modification of silica-based micro-particles containing photo-responsive polymer brushes with photolabile o-nitrobenzyl ester (o-NBE) chromophores.
A facile fabrication of a multi-functional and hierarchical Zn-based MOF as an efficient catalyst for CO2 fixation at room-temperature
Authors: Lan Jianwen , Qu Ye , Wang Zhijiang , Xu Ping , Sun Jianmin
Published: May 2021

Multi-functional and hierarchical Zn-MOF was rapidly synthesized by room-temperature stirring using an organic amine as a protonation agent and exhibited remarkable improvement for CO2 cycloaddition to bulky epoxides.
Iron-catalysed chemo- and ortho-selective C–H bond functionalization of phenols with α-aryl-α-diazoacetates
Authors: Yu Zhunzhun , Li Guanghui , Zhang Junliang , Liu Lu
Published: May 2021

We present a novel chemo- and ortho-selective C–H bond functionalization of phenols with α-aryl-α-diazoacetates catalysed by a new iron porphyrin.
Correction: The highly efficient removal of HCN over Cu8Mn2/CeO2 catalytic material
Authors: Yi Zhihao , Sun Jie , Li Jigang , Yang Yulin , Zhou Tian , Wei Shouping , Zhu Anna
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘The highly efficient removal of HCN over Cu8Mn2/CeO2 catalytic material’ by Zhihao Yi et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 8886–8896. DOI: 10.1039/D0RA10177J
Compact reactor architectures designed with fractals
Authors: Grande Carlos A.
Published: May 2021

A new methodology for digital production of fractal reactors was developed and implemented. Reactors manufactured with 3D fractals offer enhanced vorticity and compactness that can lead to reduction of material used for production.
Lattice oxygen self-spillover on reducible oxide supported metal cluster: the water–gas shift reaction on Cu/CeO2 catalyst
Authors: Su Ya-Qiong , Xia Guang-Jie , Qin Yanyang , Ding Shujiang , Wang Yang-Gang
Published: May 2021

The lattice oxygen on the reducible CeO2 support could self-spillover to surface of Cu cluster, generating the on-site oxygen to promote the catalytic water–gas shift reaction.
Tale of the Breslow intermediate, a central player in N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis: then and now
Authors: Pareek Monika , Reddi Yernaidu , Sunoj Raghavan B.
Published: May 2021

Molecular insights on the formation, detection, and even isolation of the Breslow intermediate, which is the most important species in N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis, as obtained from experimental and computational studies, are presented.
p–i–n silicon nanowire array–NGQD: a metal-free electrocatalyst for the photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution
Authors: Riyajuddin Sk , Kumar Sushil , Badhwar Damini , Siddiqui Shumile Ahmed , Sultana Jenifar , Ghosh Kaushik
Published: May 2021

Photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution of the p–i–n SiNWs–NGQD heterostructure.
Correction: Elliptic percolation model for predicting the electrical conductivity of graphene–polymer composites
Authors: Aryanfar Asghar , Medlej Sajed , Tarhini Ali , Tehrani B Ali R.
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘Elliptic percolation model for predicting the electrical conductivity of graphene–polymer composites’ by Asghar Aryanfar et al., Soft Matter, 2021, 17, 2081–2089, DOI: 10.1039/D0SM01950J.
Oral Motor and Gesture Abilities Independently Associated With Preschool Language Skill: Longitudinal and Concurrent Relationships at 21 Months and 3–4 Years
Authors: Alcock Katie , Connor Simon
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Early motor abilities (gesture, oral motor, and gross/fine skills) are related to language abilities, and this is not due to an association with cognitive or symbolic abilities: Oral motor skills are uniquely associated with language abilities at 21 months of age. It is important to determine whether this motor–language relationship continues beyond the earliest stage of language development to understand language acquisition better and better predict which children may have lasting language difficulties.

Method

In this longitudinal study, we assessed language comprehension and production, oral motor skill, gross/fine motor skill, and meaningless manual gesture at ages 3 years (N= 89) and 4 years (N= 71), comparing the contribution of motor skill and earlier (at 21 months of age) language ability. We also examined covariates: nonverbal cognitive ability, socioeconomic status, and stimulation in the home as measured on the Home Screening Questionnaire.

Results

Motor abilities continue to have a significant relationship with language abilities independent of other factors in the preschool years. Meaningless manual gesture ability, gross/fine motor skill, and oral motor skill were still associated with language skill at 3 years of age; these relationships are not explained by the contribution of cognitive abilities or earlier language abilities.

Conclusions

Relationships between early motor skill and language development persist into preschool years and are not explained by other cognitive or home factors, nor by a relationship with earlier language ability. This finding should lead to a better understanding of the origins of language abilities.
Kinematic and Acoustic Changes to Vowels and Diphthongs in Bite Block Speech
Authors: Dromey Christopher , Richins Michelle , Low Tanner
Published: May 2021

Purpose

We examined the effect of bite block insertion (BBI) on lingual movements and formant frequencies in corner vowel and diphthong production in a sentence context.

Method

Twenty young adults produced the corner vowels (/u/, /ɑ/, /æ/, /i/) and the diphthong /ɑɪ/ in sentence contexts before and after BBI. An electromagnetic articulograph measured the movements of the tongue back, middle, and front.

Results

There were significant decreases in the acoustic vowel articulation index and vowel space area following BBI. The kinematic vowel articulation index decreased significantly for the back and middle of the tongue but not for the front. There were no significant acoustic changes post-BBI for the diphthong, other than a longer transition duration. Diphthong kinematic changes after BBI included smaller movements for the back and middle of the tongue, but not the front.

Conclusions

BBI led to a smaller acoustic working space for the corner vowels. The adjustments made by the front of the tongue were sufficient to compensate for the BBI perturbation in the diphthong, resulting in unchanged formant trajectories. The back and middle of the tongue were likely biomechanically restricted in their displacement by the fixation of the jaw, whereas the tongue front showed greater movement flexibility.
Phenomenology of automotive radar interference
Authors: Norouzian Fatemeh , Pirkani Anum , Hoare Edward , Cherniakov Mikhail , Gashinova Marina
Published: May 2021

Mutual interference in automotive radar is expected to become a major issue owing to the rapid increase in the number of vehicles on the road equipped with radar. The phenomenology of interference in frequency modulated continuous wave radar is presented. Interference is empirically analysed at every signal processing stage in the victim radar by means of experimentally verified simulation modelling. Knowledge of how interference manifests in different domains provides a useful tool to develop algorithms for interference detection, mitigation and/or avoidance. The receiver's filter response is analysed to minimise the interference duration and increase the effectiveness of time‐domain mitigation techniques. A innovative method of interference parameter extraction by using spectrograms is also introduced.
An orderly charge and discharge control method of considering electric vehicle V2G and photovoltaic complementation in residential area
Authors: Zhang Shaoxing , Su Haifeng
Published: May 2021

In order to resolve the problems of distribution network overload and increased peak-valley difference caused by large-scale electric vehicles’ disordered charging, taking the residential community as the research object, an orderly charging method of electric vehicles (EVs) based on power line carrier communication was proposed, and a model of ordered charge and discharge control and load peak regulation considering the complementary of EVs V2G and photovoltaic (PV) was established. It makes full use of the ability of EVs to cut peaks and valleys and restrain the fluctuation of PV output, alleviates the load pressure of the distribution network and reduces the cost of network transformation, which not only brings great benefits to the owners of EVs and power supply operators, but also promotes the consumption of new energy.
Analysis and application research of new type online monitoring technologies for substation equipment
Authors: Cheng Rong , Chai Linjie , Hu Shiyao , Shen Yongpeng
Published: May 2021

At present, a variety of online monitoring technologies for substation equipment including winding temperature by optical fiber, however, the accuracy and stability show great differences among them. This paper focuses on the advancement, feasibility and economics of various new technologies, combined with the construction and operation experience of wisdom substations, in order to select mature, reliable, and effective new online monitoring technologies that reduce the amount of equipment operation and maintenance from a number of new technologies. In the end, the article gives suggestions on the application of various new online monitoring technologies.
Study of Sensor Layout Acquisition and Application Analysis within Distribution Room
Authors: Wu Bingxin , Huang Lijun , Wei Yong , Li Jungang , Zhang Jianyu , Meng Le , Yin Jianlun , Liu Quanhang
Published: May 2021

The traditional power distribution room lacks intelligent monitoring business functions, which is not conducive to the requirements of intelligent operation and maintenance. This article takes the intelligent IoT terminal(Internet of Things terminal) as the center, carries out the layout design of the distribution room sensor, combines the intelligent collection of the distribution room, and accesses the sensing equipment to build a smart distribution room, meanwhile, this paper designs the intelligent terminal which adopts the edge computing technology to carry out the environment temperature and humidity assessment, equipment partial discharge analysis and assessment, temperature rise assessment and other micro-applications to provide support for the construction of smart distribution room.
Power system parameters matching of in-wheel motor drive electric vehicle
Authors: Ren Wei Chen , Fang Yi , Li Xiao Peng , Xu Zheng , Wang Xu Long
Published: May 2021

Based on the line-controlled chassis platform, the low-speed outer rotor motor is used to drive the wheel directly in the designed in-wheel motor line-controlled electric vehicle. The power system parameters of the designed four-wheel independent drive electric vehicle are matched and simulated by offline simulation. Firstly, based on the theoretical basis of the research on the parameter matching of the power system of pure electric vehicles, the type selection and parameter matching of the hub motor and power battery are carried out according to the established dynamic and economic indicators. Then, the designed component parameters are repeatedly corrected until the design goal is achieved; Finally, the vehicle model is built in AVL cruise, and the design results are simulated by software.
Xenon lamp control signal and drive circuit design of Er: YAG laser
Authors: Chen Chuncheng , Lu Zhiyi , Fan Yisong , Guo Qiang
Published: May 2021

When the Er: YAG laser pumped by a xenon lamp emits laser light, the energy, frequency and pulse width of the emitted light are closely related to the discharge of the xenon lamp. This article uses the 8MHz external crystal oscillator that comes with the STM32F4 development board, generates a clock source through frequency division and frequency multiplication, and configures a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal to control the laser. Since the signals sent by the development board are weak signals, it is necessary to design a corresponding drive circuit to amplify the power of the signal. Finally, the voltage of the pulsed xenon lamp is adjustable from 0 to 1400V, and the pulse width is adjustable from 50 to 300μs to achieve stable laser output.
Design and uncertainty analysis of field service gas flow standard device based on standard meter method
Authors: Hou Xueqing , Li Bin , Yao Mi
Published: May 2021

This paper introduces the composition and working principle of field service gas flow standard device based on standard meter. Through the analysis of the uncertainty of the device and the verification of the measurement results, it is confirmed that the field service standard meter method gas flow standard device can be applied to the verification of the field gas flowmeter.
Optimal Decision-Making of Vertical Relationship Governance in China’s Coal-electricity Energy Supply Chain
Authors: Wang Qiang , Liu Haiying , Liu Xin , Jiaoyu He Jiaxin Wang
Published: May 2021

Coal and coal-fired electricity generation, as interdependent upstream and downstream industries, play a positive role in ensuring energy security, economic development and social stability in China. However, the strategies of coal enterprises and coal-fired power enterprises are influenced by the market structure, coal-electrical energy policies and the characteristics in the coal-electricity energy supply chain. In this paper, considering the upstream for many coal enterprises, the downstream for many coal-fired electricity generation enterprises in coal-electricity energy supply chain model, is concluded that profit calculation model for coal-electricity cooperative enterprises, independent upstream coal enterprises, and independent downstream coal-fired electricity generation enterprises were obtained. In order to maximize the profits, we construct coal enterprises and coal-fired electricity generation enterprises cooperative operation decision-making model, and the different situation of the optimal strategy is studied and analyzed. Using Matlab simulation software for numerical simulation. It is to belong to the simulation results confirm the efficiency of the model.
Research on Environmental Information Disclosure Mechanism and Development Status of Automobile Enterprises in China
Authors: Zhang Ting , Zhao Mingnan , Xu Shujie
Published: May 2021

Firstly analyzed the progress of environmental information disclosure at home and abroad, and elaborated on the shortcomings of environmental information disclosure in China. Secondly, based on foreign information disclosure experience and the actual development of China’s development of the automobile industry, an environmental information disclosure system for the Chinese automobile industry based on the participation of multiple entities is proposed. Finally, by setting indicators for the whole life cycle, the environmental information disclosure of automobile companies is analyzed from different angles.
Rethinking water resources management from water-energy nexus perspective — a research and comparison of Jing-Jin-Ji Region of China and California of the United States
Authors: Jiang Shan , Zhu Yongnan , Wang Lizhen , Wang Qingming , He Guohua
Published: May 2021

The relationship between water and energy is extremely close and complex, especially in water use system. However, the energy consumption of water systems has been ignored in water resources management due to the lack of deep understanding of the water-energy nexus. Based on analysis of waterrelated energy in water use, this paper selected Jing-Jin-Ji region of China and California of the United States to conduct a research study and found that the energy consumption of water use systems accounted for about 16% and 20% of the total electricity consumption of Jing-Jin-Ji region and California, respectively, water use has shifted more energy-intensive. This paper systematically quantified the urban water–energy relationship, analyzed the water supply structure and the energy efficiency and energy consumption in different water system sectors, and found that California’s total water use is 3.3 times that of Jing-Jin-Ji region, but the energy consumption of California’s water systems is only 2.3 times that of Jing-Jin-Ji region. This study suggests that water conservation is a cost-effective way to save energy, and it is necessary to quantitatively analyze the water-energy nexus for a more comprehensive and deep understanding of water resources management.
Quantitative identification of water consumption in electricity development in 2017 in China
Authors: He Guohua , Jiang Shan , Zhu Yongnan , He Fan , Li Xiaoling , Li Haihong
Published: May 2021

This paper takes each province and region as the research object and 2017 as the research period, and the water consumption of power production was analyzed. The results showed that China’s electricity production consumed 6.57 billion m³ of water, accounting for 2% of the total social water consumption in 2017. Thermal power is the most water-consuming power source in China, accounting for 78% of the total water consumption in the country’s electric power development. Based on the calculated results, this study also puts forward relevant suggestions for realizing energy-water coordinated security.
The Management of Social Media in Major Public Health Emergencies
Authors: Li Xin
Published: May 2021

In this study, the concept, basic theory and application of the management of social media in major public health emergencies were expounded with the management of social media in the novel coronavirus pneumonia as the breakthrough point. With the related reports or information of the novel coronavirus pneumonia as the analysis sample, the role of social media in the pandemic was discussed from multiple aspects and perspectives by using the method of content analysis. On this basis, the management strategies of social media in major public health emergencies were further proposed.
A study on Chinese teacher education professional accreditation based on the standards comparison
Authors: Qin Dake
Published: May 2021

By comparing with the American CAEP teacher education accreditation standard, we study the characteristics of Chinese teacher education professional accreditation (TEPA) and the differences between Chinese and American accreditation standards. The aim of TEPA, which is drawing lessons from the idea of engineering education professional accreditation, is to improve the overall quality of Chinese teachers team, ensure the quality of teacher education, make the quality of pre-service teachers cultivation institutions continue to improve, and meet the needs of the society for qualified and excellent teachers.
Study on the determination of felodipine sample content by fluorescence method and its application
Authors: Zhang Yue , Wu Jiang , Liu Fenghua , Wang Chen , Cheng Yuqing , Lv Yuguang
Published: May 2021

This experiment researched and constructed a complex with good fluorescence properties, which can be used to detect the content of felodipine. It provides a new and reliable method for the determination of felodipine. The actual sample of felodipine was successfully tested, and the test result was compared with the labeled content. It was proved that the content determined in this experiment was basically consistent with the standard content in the sample, and the reproducibility was good. Therefore, this method can be used to determine the content of felodipine in drugs, and even the content of felodipine in different substances.
Research on the Integration of Environmental Protection Concept into College Ideological and Political Education
Authors: Hao Wenjia
Published: May 2021

The integration of environmental protection with college ideological and political education is a kind of new exploration in university sustainable education. The spread of sustainability and ecological awareness is fit for modern educational goal. Since university students have not realized the emergency and significance of sustainability and environmental protection, the integration of these concepts into ideological and political education provides a channel for them to understand and practice. This paper will investigate the possible methods for universities and colleges to integrate environmental protection concept into ideological and political education.
A correlation analysis study on satellite image nightlight features and development of Africa regional economy
Authors: Li Xizhi
Published: May 2021

Nightlight intensity has become an important factor of measuring the wealthiness of a country or an area, it mostly relies on extracting the feature from the satellite images and it becomes a dominate factor that determines the economic development. This study used CNN based deep learning model to extract the light intensity feature from the satellite images and associate it with additional survey information. CNN has been wildly used for image feature extraction. Then, the study combined the survey data and light intensity feature together and conducted comprehensive experiments on different regression models that using different regularizations and optimization approaches. The paper studied the influence of regularization and optimization approaches to the model. Through the feature selection, hyper-parameter tuning, and model evaluation, the study can select the best model. This paper compares different linear regression models. They utilize different regularization and optimization. The experiment results indicate that Lasso regression model is the best model.