bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visualizing exertional dyspnea in a post-COVID patient using electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Gremme Yvonne , Derlien Steffen , Katzer Katrin , Reuken Philipp A. , Stallmach Andreas , Lewejohann Jan-Christoph , Lemhöfer Christina
Published: June 2023

Purpose and method

Many post-COVID patients suffer from dyspnea on exertion. To visualize exercise-induced dyspnea, a post-COVID patient and a healthy volunteer underwent an exercise test on a treadmill under stress relevant to everyday life monitored by electrical impedance tomography (EIT).

Results

The lung-healthy volunteer showed an even ventilation distribution throughout the assessment, a large ventilated area, and a butterfly-like lung shape with a convex lung rim. The post-COVID patient showed clear differences in the ventilated area compared to the control subject. During exercise, a constantly changing picture of differently ventilated areas is shown. However, especially the anterior regions were under-ventilated and larger areas were partially absent from ventilation. Overall, uncoordinated breathing and an uneven distribution of ventilation dominated the findings.

Conclusion

EIT is suitable for visualizing disturbed ventilation of the lungs, both at rest and under stress. The potential as a diagnostic tool in dyspnea assessment should be investigated.
Effects of resistance training on patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: an umbrella review with meta-analysis of the pooled findings
Authors: Perez-Dominguez Borja , Suso-Marti Luis , Dominguez-Navarro Fernando , Perpiña-Martinez Sara , Calatayud Joaquin , Casaña Jose
Published: June 2023

Objectives

This umbrella review aimed to review the effects of resistance training on patients with end-stage renal disease and assess the methodological quality of the available literature.

Methods

An umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis was performed. A systematic search was conducted until May 2022. Article selection, quality assessment, and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. The meta-meta-analyses were performed with a random-effects model and the summary statistics were presented in the form of a forest plot with a weighted compilation of all standardized mean differences and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Twenty-four reviews were eventually included. The protocol was registered in the international registry PROSPERO (CRD42022321702).

Results

Resistance training showed positive effects on functional capacity (g = 0.614), aerobic capacity (g = 0.587), health-related quality of life (g = 0.429), and peak force (g = 0.621). Fifteen of the included studies (63%) presented low risk of bias, and the remaining studies (37%) showed unclear risk of bias.

Conclusion

Resistance training in patients undergoing hemodialysis is an intervention that shows positive results regarding physical and functional outcomes. The quality level of the literature is inconclusive, but the included studies present low risk of bias.

Graphical abstract
Frogeye leaf spot caused by Cercospora sojina: A review
Authors: Barro Jhonatan P. , Neves Danilo L. , Del Ponte Emerson M. , Bradley Carl A.
Published: June 2023

Frogeye leaf spot (FLS), caused by Cercospora sojina, is an economically important disease of soybean in many parts of the world where soybean is grown, including the United States and Argentina. Yield losses caused by FLS epidemics are mainly due to reduced photosynthetic leaf area, premature defoliation and reduced seed weight. Epidemics may be initiated from inoculum produced on infected plant residue where the pathogen can overwinter for up to two years. Many questions relating to population biology, genetic variability and pathotype structure remain unanswered. Race designations for C. sojina are under debate since the use of the 12 soybean differentials has produced inconsistent numbers of races in separate studies. Although a sexual stage for C. sojina has not been observed in either field or laboratory conditions, equal proportion of mating-type loci and high genotypic diversity suggest that populations of C. sojina are most likely to be undergoing cryptic sexual reproduction. Management practices for this disease include the use of cultivars with partial or complete resistance (Rcs genes), cultural practices (crop rotation and tillage) and foliar fungicide applications. However, resistance to quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides (caused by the G143A mutation in the Cytochrome b gene) has been reported since 2010, and resistant populations have become widespread across more than 20 soybean-producing states in the U.S. This review provides detailed information on the taxonomy, identification and genetic diversity of the pathogen. It also summarizes epidemiological aspects and strategies to combat this increasing threat to soybean crops worldwide.
The Sino-Indian Rivalry
Authors: Ganguly Šumit , Pardesi Manjeet S. , Thompson William R.
Published: June 2023

Drawing on a wide body of literature on international rivalries, this comprehensive and theoretically grounded work explains the origins and evolution of the Sino-Indian rivalry. Contrary to popular belief, the authors argue that the Sino-Indian rivalry started almost immediately after the emergence of the two countries in the global arena. They demonstrate how the rivalry has systemic implications for both Asia and the global order, intertwining the positional and spatial dimensions that lie at the heart of the Sino-Indian relationship. Showing how this rivalry has evolved from the late 1940s to the present day, the essays in this collection underscore its significance for global politics and highlight how the asymmetries between India and China have the potential to escalate conflict in the future.
Managing the Risk of COVID-19 Using Model Based Predictors: The Case of North Dakota
Authors: Sidhu Savita K. , Hohman Adam , Strand Mark A. , Shyllon Omobosinuola , Jansen Rick , McDonough Stephen
Published: June 2023

Objective:

North Dakota (ND) had the highest coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case and mortality rate in the United States for nearly 2 mo. This study aims to compare 3 metrics ND used to guide public health action across its 53 counties.

Methods:

Daily COVID-19 case and death totals in North Dakota were evaluated using data from the COVID-tracker website provided by the North Department of Health (NDDoH). It was reported as: active cases per 10,000, tests administered per 10,000, and test positivity rate (the North Dakota health metric). The COVID-19 Response press conferences provided data for the Governor’s metric. The Harvard model used daily new cases per 100,000. A chi-squared test was used to compare differences in these 3 metrics on July 1, August 26, September 23, and November 13, 2020.

Results:

On July 1, no significant difference between the metrics was found. By September 23, Harvard’s health metric indicated critical risk while ND’s health metric was moderate risk, and the Governor’s metric was still low risk.

Conclusions:

ND’s and the Governor’s metric underrepresented the risk of the COVID-19 outbreak in North Dakota. The Harvard metric reflected North Dakota’s increasing risk; it should be considered as a national standard in future pandemics.

Public Health Implications:

Model-based predictors could guide policy-makers to effectively control spread of infectious disease; proactive models could reduce risk of disease as it progresses in vulnerable communities.
Control systems and data management for high-power laser facilities
Authors: Feister Scott , Cassou Kevin , Dann Stephen , Döpp Andreas , Gauron Philippe , Gonsalves Anthony J. , Joglekar Archis , Marshall Victoria , Neveu Olivier , Schlenvoigt Hans-Peter , Streeter Matthew J. V. , Palmer Charlotte A. J.
Published: June 2023

The next generation of high-power lasers enables repetition of experiments at orders of magnitude higher frequency than what was possible using the prior generation. Facilities requiring human intervention between laser repetitions need to adapt in order to keep pace with the new laser technology. A distributed networked control system can enable laboratory-wide automation and feedback control loops. These higher-repetition-rate experiments will create enormous quantities of data. A consistent approach to managing data can increase data accessibility, reduce repetitive data-software development and mitigate poorly organized metadata. An opportunity arises to share knowledge of improvements to control and data infrastructure currently being undertaken. We compare platforms and approaches to state-of-the-art control systems and data management at high-power laser facilities, and we illustrate these topics with case studies from our community.
Turbulence and added drag over acoustic liners
Authors: Shahzad Haris , Hickel Stefan , Modesti Davide
Published: June 2023

We present pore-resolved compressible direct numerical simulations of turbulent flows grazing over perforated plates, that closely resemble the acoustic liners found on aircraft engines. Our direct numerical simulations explore a large parameter space including the effects of porosity, thickness and viscous-scaled diameter of the perforated plates, at friction Reynolds numbers

$\textit {Re}_\tau = 500\unicode{x2013}2000$

, which allows us to develop a robust theory for estimating the added drag induced by acoustic liners. We find that acoustic liners can be regarded as porous surfaces with a wall-normal permeability and that the relevant length scale characterizing their added drag is the inverse of the wall-normal Forchheimer coefficient. Unlike other types of porous surfaces featuring Darcian velocities inside the pores, the flow inside the orifices of acoustic liners is fully turbulent, with a magnitude of the wall-normal velocity fluctuations comparable to the peak in the near-wall cycle. We provide clear evidence of a fully rough regime for acoustic liners, also confirmed by the increasing relevance of pressure drag. Once the fully rough asymptote is reached, canonical acoustic liners provide an added drag comparable to that of sand-grain roughness with viscous-scaled height matching the inverse of the viscous-scaled Forchheimer permeability of the plate.
A strongly convergent algorithm for solving multiple set split equality equilibrium and fixed point problems in Banach spaces
Authors: Godwin E.C. , Mewomo O.T. , Alakoya T.O.
Published: June 2023

In this article, using an Halpern extragradient method, we study a new iterative scheme for finding a common element of the set of solutions of multiple set split equality equilibrium problems consisting of pseudomonotone bifunctions and the set of fixed points for two finite families of Bregman quasi-nonexpansive mappings in the framework of p-uniformly convex Banach spaces, which are also uniformly smooth. For this purpose, we design an algorithm so that it does not depend on prior estimates of the Lipschitz-type constants for the pseudomonotone bifunctions. Furthermore, we present an application of our study for finding a common element of the set of solutions of multiple set split equality variational inequality problems and fixed point sets for two finite families of Bregman quasi-nonexpansive mappings. Finally, we conclude with two numerical experiments to support our proposed algorithm.
Schwarz lemma for real harmonic functions onto surfaces with non-negative Gaussian curvature
Authors: Kalaj David , Mateljević Miodrag , Pinelis Iosif
Published: June 2023

Assume that f is a real ρ-harmonic function of the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ onto the interval $(-1,1)$, where $\rho(u,v)=R(u)$ is a metric defined in the infinite strip $(-1,1)\times \mathbb{R}$. Then we prove that $|\nabla f(z)|(1-|z|^2)\le \frac{4}{\pi}(1-f(z)^2)$ for all $z\in\mathbb{D}$, provided that ρ has a non-negative Gaussian curvature. This extends several results in the field and answers to a conjecture proposed by the first author in 2014. Such an inequality is not true for negatively curved metrics.
The entanglements of exchange in India
Authors: Jan Muhammad Ali
Published: June 2023

In thisModern Asian Studiesbook symposium, scholars of South Asia analyse the political, ethical, and epistemic aspects of market life, building on the volumeRethinking Markets in Modern India.1This interdisciplinary conversation approaches transactional realms from the disciplines of history, anthropology, development studies, and political economy. The symposium’s contributors examine a range of pertinent issues that encompass customary forms of exchange and capitalist aspects of trade. Among the topics discussed are those of market fetishism, bazaar knowledge, social embeddedness, forms of transactional representation and translation, and institutional and regulatory contexts for commerce.
Ghostly Interpellations: Testimonial Inscriptions on the Stage
Authors: ASCHNER-RESTREPO CAMILA
Published: June 2023

Colombian theatre-makers have been searching for aesthetic languages to speak about the national conflict for decades. By analysing two of the most prominent theatrical productions from the 2010s, I explore the mechanisms they employ for the inscription of testimonies on audiences. I argue that the use of ghosts onstage to make the disappeared present transforms these plays into both ritual spaces and testimonial encounters at the same time. I do this by engaging with Derrida's works on spectres, along with the work of Latin American scholars who have explored the ethical and aesthetic challenges of making art in times of war.
Metacomprehension in Multiple Document Reading
Authors: Schuster Corinna , Alef Maria , Mierwald Marcel , Brauch Nicola , Stadtler Marc
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Accurately assessing someone’s comprehension is central to learning from multiple documents. This study examines whether judgment accuracy can be increased if readers summarize texts before assessing their own comprehension. We asked 144 adults to read multiple documents on a historical controversy. They then produced Twitter-like summaries either (a) after a time delay or (b) immediately after reading; a control group (c) did not write summaries. Results showed that delaying writing summaries increased the absolute accuracy of self-assessments of undisputed historical content knowledge. We found negative effects for the accuracy of self-assessments of source–content links, intertextual conflicts, and integration performance in an essay. The relative accuracy was lower in the delayed summaries group than in the controls. In summary, the positive effect of writing summaries appears to be limited to the self-assessment of content knowledge, whereas it is reduced with respect to forms of knowledge specific to reading multiple texts.
Depth Moderates DOC Impact on Cold‐Water Refugia in Small, Northern Temperate Lakes
Authors: Gavin Amanda L. , Nelson Sarah J. , Saros Jasmine E. , SanClements Michael D. , Fernandez Ivan J.
Published: June 2023

Widespread changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in lakes of the Northern Hemisphere are well documented, and there is a need to understand the ecological implications for changes in cold‐water refugia. DOC controls thermal structure in small, wind‐sheltered lakes, thus influencing the volume and persistence of the hypolimnion and cold‐water habitat. We explored the relationship between the quantity and quality of DOC and the availability of cold‐water habitat over the course of summer stratification in small lakes of varying depths. The ratio of the hypolimnetic volume to total lake volume was calculated to assess the relative changes in cold‐water habitat availability in each lake over time. DOC concentration, maximum lake depth, and the interaction between DOC concentration and maximum lake depth explained 87% of the variability in percent change in hypolimnion volume ratio across studied lakes. Hypolimnion compression was greater in shallow, low DOC lakes, whereas deeper, intermediate DOC lakes had more persistent hypolimnion volumes over the course of summer stratification. These results demonstrate that depth moderates the effect of DOC on the volume and persistence of cold‐water refugia availability in north temperate lakes, advancing our understanding of differing lake sensitivity in a rapidly changing physical and chemical environment.
Bacteriophage-mediated lysis supports robust growth of amino acid auxotrophs
Authors: Pherribo Gordon J , Taga Michiko E
Published: June 2023

Microbial communities host many auxotrophs—organisms unable to synthesize one or more metabolites required for their growth. Auxotrophy is thought to confer an evolutionary advantage, yet auxotrophs must rely on other organisms that produce the metabolites they require. The mechanisms of metabolite provisioning by “producers” remain unknown. In particular, it is unclear how metabolites such as amino acids and cofactors, which are found inside the cell, are released by producers to become available to auxotrophs. Here, we explore metabolite secretion and cell lysis as two distinct possible mechanisms that result in the release of intracellular metabolites from producer cells. We measured the extent to which secretion or lysis of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron amino acid producers can support the growth of engineered Escherichia coli amino acid auxotrophs. We found that cell-free supernatants and mechanically lysed cells provide minimal levels of amino acids to auxotrophs. In contrast, bacteriophage lysates of the same producer bacteria can support as many as 47 auxotroph cells per lysed producer cell. Each phage lysate released distinct levels of different amino acids, suggesting that in a microbial community the collective lysis of many different hosts by multiple phages could contribute to the availability of an array of intracellular metabolites for use by auxotrophs. Based on these results, we speculate that viral lysis could be a dominant mechanism of provisioning of intracellular metabolites that shapes microbial community structure.
Reconciling the biomedical data commons and the GDPR: three lessons from the EUCAN ELSI collaboratory
Authors: Bernier Alexander , Molnár-Gábor Fruzsina , Knoppers Bartha M. , Borry Pascal , Cesar Priscilla M. D. G. , Devriendt Thijs , Goisauf Melanie , Murtagh Madeleine , Jiménez Pilar Nicolás , Recuero Mikel , Rial-Sebbag Emmanuelle , Shabani Mahsa , Wilson Rebecca C. , Zaccagnini Davide , Maxwell Lauren
Published: June 2023

The coming-into-force of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a watershed moment in the legal recognition of enforceable rights to informational self-determination. The rapid evolution of legal requirements applicable to data use, however, has the potential to outstrip the capabilities of networks of biomedical data users to respond to the shifting norms. It can also delegitimate established institutional bodies that are responsible for assessing and authorising the downstream use of data, including research ethics committees and institutional data custodians. These burdens are especially pronounced for clinical and research networks that are of transnational scale, because the legal compliance burden for outbound international data transfers from the EEA is especially high. Legislatures, courts, and regulators in the EU should therefore implement the following three legal changes. First, the responsibilities of particular actors in a data sharing network should be delimited through the contractual allocation of responsibilities between collaborators. Second, the use of data through secure data processing environments should not trigger the international transfer provisions of the GDPR. Third, the use of federated data analysis methodologies that do not provide analysis nodes or downstream users access to identifiable personal data as part of the outputs of those analyses should not be considered circumstances of joint controllership, nor lead to the users of non-identifiable data to be considered controllers or processors. These small clarifications of, or modifications to, the GDPR would facilitate the exchange of biomedical data amongst clinicians and researchers.
Evolutionary and functional history of the Escherichia coli K1 capsule
Authors: Arredondo-Alonso Sergio , Blundell-Hunter George , Fu Zuyi , Gladstone Rebecca A. , Fillol-Salom Alfred , Loraine Jessica , Cloutman-Green Elaine , Johnsen Pål J. , Samuelsen Ørjan , Pöntinen Anna K. , Cléon François , Chavez-Bueno Susana , De la Cruz Miguel A. , Ares Miguel A. , Vongsouvath Manivanh , Chmielarczyk Agnieszka , Horner Carolyne , Klein Nigel , McNally Alan , Reis Joice N. , Penadés José R. , Thomson Nicholas R. , Corander Jukka , Taylor Peter W. , McCarthy Alex J.
Published: June 2023

Escherichia coliis a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in humans. Capsule polysaccharide has an important role in bacterial pathogenesis, and the K1 capsule has been firmly established as one of the most potent capsule types inE. colithrough its association with severe infections. However, little is known about its distribution, evolution and functions across theE. coliphylogeny, which is fundamental to elucidating its role in the expansion of successful lineages. Using systematic surveys of invasiveE. coliisolates, we show that the K1-cpslocus is present in a quarter of bloodstream infection isolates and has emerged in at least four different extraintestinal pathogenicE. coli(ExPEC) phylogroups independently in the last 500 years. Phenotypic assessment demonstrates that K1 capsule synthesis enhancesE. colisurvival in human serum independent of genetic background, and that therapeutic targeting of the K1 capsule re-sensitizesE. colifrom distinct genetic backgrounds to human serum. Our study highlights that assessing the evolutionary and functional properties of bacterial virulence factors at population levels is important to better monitor and predict the emergence of virulent clones, and to also inform therapies and preventive medicine to effectively control bacterial infections whilst significantly lowering antibiotic usage.
Chemoproteomic target deconvolution reveals Histone Deacetylases as targets of (R)-lipoic acid
Authors: Lechner Severin , Steimbach Raphael R. , Wang Longlong , Deline Marshall L. , Chang Yun-Chien , Fromme Tobias , Klingenspor Martin , Matthias Patrick , Miller Aubry K. , Médard Guillaume , Kuster Bernhard
Published: June 2023

Lipoic acid is an essential enzyme cofactor in central metabolic pathways. Due to its claimed antioxidant properties, racemic (R/S)-lipoic acid is used as a food supplement but is also investigated as a pharmaceutical in over 180 clinical trials covering a broad range of diseases. Moreover, (R/S)-lipoic acid is an approved drug for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. However, its mechanism of action remains elusive. Here, we performed chemoproteomics-aided target deconvolution of lipoic acid and its active close analog lipoamide. We find that histone deacetylases HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC8, and HDAC10 are molecular targets of the reduced form of lipoic acid and lipoamide. Importantly, only the naturally occurring (R)-enantiomer inhibits HDACs at physiologically relevant concentrations and leads to hyperacetylation of HDAC substrates. The inhibition of HDACs by (R)-lipoic acid and lipoamide explain why both compounds prevent stress granule formation in cells and may also provide a molecular rationale for many other phenotypic effects elicited by lipoic acid.
Molecular mechanisms of Holliday junction branch migration catalyzed by an asymmetric RuvB hexamer
Authors: Rish Anthony D. , Shen Zhangfei , Chen Zhenhang , Zhang Nan , Zheng Qingfei , Fu Tian-Min
Published: June 2023

The Holliday junction (HJ) is a DNA intermediate of homologous recombination, involved in many fundamental physiological processes. RuvB, an ATPase motor protein, drives branch migration of the Holliday junction with a mechanism that had yet to be elucidated. Here we report two cryo-EM structures of RuvB, providing a comprehensive understanding of HJ branch migration. RuvB assembles into a spiral staircase, ring-like hexamer, encircling dsDNA. Four protomers of RuvB contact the DNA backbone with a translocation step size of 2 nucleotides. The variation of nucleotide-binding states in RuvB supports a sequential model for ATP hydrolysis and nucleotide recycling, which occur at separate, singular positions. RuvB’s asymmetric assembly also explains the 6:4 stoichiometry between the RuvB/RuvA complex, which coordinates HJ migration in bacteria. Taken together, we provide a mechanistic understanding of HJ branch migration facilitated by RuvB, which may be universally shared by prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
CNK2 promotes cancer cell motility by mediating ARF6 activation downstream of AXL signalling
Authors: Serwe Guillaume , Kachaner David , Gagnon Jessica , Plutoni Cédric , Lajoie Driss , Duramé Eloïse , Sahmi Malha , Garrido Damien , Lefrançois Martin , Arseneault Geneviève , Saba-El-Leil Marc K. , Meloche Sylvain , Emery Gregory , Therrien Marc
Published: June 2023

Cell motility is a critical feature of invasive tumour cells that is governed by complex signal transduction events. Particularly, the underlying mechanisms that bridge extracellular stimuli to the molecular machinery driving motility remain partially understood. Here, we show that the scaffold protein CNK2 promotes cancer cell migration by coupling the pro-metastatic receptor tyrosine kinase AXL to downstream activation of ARF6 GTPase. Mechanistically, AXL signalling induces PI3K-dependent recruitment of CNK2 to the plasma membrane. In turn, CNK2 stimulates ARF6 by associating with cytohesin ARF GEFs and with a novel adaptor protein called SAMD12. ARF6-GTP then controls motile forces by coordinating the respective activation and inhibition of RAC1 and RHOA GTPases. Significantly, genetic ablation of CNK2 or SAMD12 reduces metastasis in a mouse xenograft model. Together, this work identifies CNK2 and its partner SAMD12 as key components of a novel pro-motility pathway in cancer cells, which could be targeted in metastasis.
A complete telomere-to-telomere assembly of the maize genome
Authors: Chen Jian , Wang Zijian , Tan Kaiwen , Huang Wei , Shi Junpeng , Li Tong , Hu Jiang , Wang Kai , Wang Chao , Xin Beibei , Zhao Haiming , Song Weibin , Hufford Matthew B. , Schnable James C. , Jin Weiwei , Lai Jinsheng
Published: June 2023

A complete telomere-to-telomere (T2T) finished genome has been the long pursuit of genomic research. Through generating deep coverage ultralong Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) and PacBio HiFi reads, we report here a complete genome assembly of maize with each chromosome entirely traversed in a single contig. The 2,178.6 Mb T2T Mo17 genome with a base accuracy of over 99.99% unveiled the structural features of all repetitive regions of the genome. There were several super-long simple-sequence-repeat arrays having consecutive thymine–adenine–guanine (TAG) tri-nucleotide repeats up to 235 kb. The assembly of the entire nucleolar organizer region of the 26.8 Mb array with 2,974 45S rDNA copies revealed the enormously complex patterns of rDNA duplications and transposon insertions. Additionally, complete assemblies of all ten centromeres enabled us to precisely dissect the repeat compositions of both CentC-rich and CentC-poor centromeres. The complete Mo17 genome represents a major step forward in understanding the complexity of the highly recalcitrant repetitive regions of higher plant genomes.
Antigen-driven colonic inflammation is associated with development of dysplasia in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Shaw Dustin G. , Aguirre-Gamboa Raúl , Vieira Marcos C. , Gona Saideep , DiNardi Nicholas , Wang Anni , Dumaine Anne , Gelderloos-Arends Jody , Earley Zachary M. , Meckel Katherine R. , Ciszewski Cezary , Castillo Anabella , Monroe Kelly , Torres Joana , Shah Shailja C. , Colombel Jean-Frédéric , Itzkowitz Steven , Newberry Rodney , Cohen Russell D. , Rubin David T. , Quince Christopher , Cobey Sarah , Jonkers Iris H. , Weber Christopher R. , Pekow Joel , Wilson Patrick C. , Barreiro Luis B. , Jabri Bana
Published: June 2023

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an immune-mediated disease of the bile ducts that co-occurs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in almost 90% of cases. Colorectal cancer is a major complication of patients with PSC and IBD, and these patients are at a much greater risk compared to patients with IBD without concomitant PSC. Combining flow cytometry, bulk and single-cell transcriptomics, and T and B cell receptor repertoire analysis of right colon tissue from 65 patients with PSC, 108 patients with IBD and 48 healthy individuals we identified a unique adaptive inflammatory transcriptional signature associated with greater risk and shorter time to dysplasia in patients with PSC. This inflammatory signature is characterized by antigen-driven interleukin-17A (IL-17A)+ forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ CD4 T cells that express a pathogenic IL-17 signature, as well as an expansion of IgG-secreting plasma cells. These results suggest that the mechanisms that drive the emergence of dysplasia in PSC and IBD are distinct and provide molecular insights that could guide prevention of colorectal cancer in individuals with PSC.
Clonal hematopoiesis is associated with protection from Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bouzid Hind , Belk Julia A. , Jan Max , Qi Yanyan , Sarnowski Chloé , Wirth Sara , Ma Lisa , Chrostek Matthew R. , Ahmad Herra , Nachun Daniel , Yao Winnie ,   NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, Bis Joshua , Psaty Bruce , Beiser Alexa , Bick Alexander G. , Bis Joshua C. , Fornage Myriam , Longstreth William T. , Lopez Oscar L. , Natarajan Pradeep , Psaty Bruce M. , Satizabal Claudia L. , Weinstock Joshua , Larson Eric B. , Crane Paul K. , Keene C. Dirk , Seshadri Sudha , Satpathy Ansuman T. , Montine Thomas J. , Jaiswal Siddhartha
Published: June 2023

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a premalignant expansion of mutated hematopoietic stem cells. As CHIP-associated mutations are known to alter the development and function of myeloid cells, we hypothesized that CHIP may also be associated with the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a disease in which brain-resident myeloid cells are thought to have a major role. To perform association tests between CHIP and AD dementia, we analyzed blood DNA sequencing data from 1,362 individuals with AD and 4,368 individuals without AD. Individuals with CHIP had a lower risk of AD dementia (meta-analysis odds ratio (OR) = 0.64, P = 3.8 × 10−5), and Mendelian randomization analyses supported a potential causal association. We observed that the same mutations found in blood were also detected in microglia-enriched fraction of the brain in seven of eight CHIP carriers. Single-nucleus chromatin accessibility profiling of brain-derived nuclei in six CHIP carriers revealed that the mutated cells comprised a large proportion of the microglial pool in the samples examined. While additional studies are required to validate the mechanistic findings, these results suggest that CHIP may have a role in attenuating the risk of AD.
The use of artificial intelligence models to predict survival in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Choi Nayeon , Kim Junghyun , Yi Heejun , Kim HeeJung , Kim Tae Hwan , Chung Myung Jin , Ji Migyeong , Kim Zero , Son Young-Ik
Published: June 2023

Most recent survival prediction has been based on TNM staging, which does not provide individualized information. However, clinical factors including performance status, age, sex, and smoking might influence survival. Therefore, we used artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze various clinical factors to precisely predict the survival of patients with larynx squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We included patients with LSCC (N = 1026) who received definitive treatment from 2002 to 2020. Age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, location of tumor, TNM stage, and treatment methods were analyzed using deep neural network (DNN) with multi-classification and regression, random survival forest (RSF), and Cox proportional hazards (COX-PH) model for prediction of overall survival. Each model was confirmed with five-fold cross validation, and performance was evaluated using linear slope, y-intercept, and C-index. The DNN with multi-classification model demonstrated the highest prediction power (1.000 ± 0.047, 0.126 ± 0.762, and 0.859 ± 0.018 for slope, y-intercept, and C-index, respectively), and the prediction survival curve showed the strongest agreement with the validation survival curve, followed by DNN with regression (0.731 ± 0.048, 9.659 ± 0.964, and 0.893 ± 0.017, respectively). The DNN model produced with only T/N staging showed the poorest survival prediction. When predicting the survival of LSCC patients, various clinical factors should be considered. In the present study, DNN with multi-class was shown to be an appropriate method for survival prediction. AI analysis may predict survival more accurately and improve oncologic outcomes.
Enrichment of reactants and intermediates for electrocatalytic CO2reduction
Authors: Yang Peng-Peng , Gao Min-Rui
Published: June 2023

This review comprehensively surveys recent important progress in enriching reactants and intermediates for high-performance CO2RR, and highlights the achievements and challenges in enrichment methodologies, mechanisms, and applications.
A TCF-based fluorescent probe to determine nitroreductase (NTR) activity for a broad-spectrum of bacterial species
Authors: Yan Kai-Cheng , Gardiner Jordan E. , Sedgwick Adam C. , Thet Naing , Heylen Rachel A. , James Tony D. , Jenkins A. Toby A. , He Xiao-Peng
Published: June 2023

A nitroreductase (NTR) responsive fluorescent probe with long wavelength fluorescence emission was used to determine the NTR activity of a selection of bacterial species under a range of different bacterial growth conditions.
Unusual coordination mode for 1,3-diphosphete ligands towards a Cr–Cr quintuple bond complex
Authors: Elsayed Moussa M. , Rummel E.-M. , Balázs G. , Riesinger C. , Noor A. , Kempe R. , Scheer M.
Published: June 2023

The reaction of the phosphaalkynes RCP (R =tBu, Me) with a Cr–Cr quintuple bond complex leads to 1,3-diphosphete ligands with an unprecedented coordination mode. When AdCP is used instead, a side-on coordination of the phosphaalkyne is realised.
α-Synuclein and biological membranes: the danger of loving too much
Authors: Mansueto Silvia , Fusco Giuliana , De Simone Alfonso
Published: June 2023

Membrane interactions are key for both the physiological and pathological forms of α-Synuclein (αS).
Theoretical and experimental mechanistic study of water molecule involvement in the Prilezhaev reaction
Authors: Kawahara Eri Maeyama , Ogawa Mitsuhiro , Yamato Shiho , Yamaguchi Toru , Hori Kenji , Sumimoto Michinori
Published: June 2023

Based on the good agreement between the measurements in the presence of water and the calculations of our proposed reaction mechanism, we have shown that water in the solvent plays a significant role in the formation of the epoxide ring.
Strain-induced phase transitions and high carrier mobility in two-dimensional Janus MGeSN2 (M = Ti, Zr, and Hf) structures: first-principles calculations
Authors: Nhan Le C. , Hiep Nguyen T. , Nguyen Cuong Q. , Hieu Nguyen N.
Published: June 2023

In this study, we construct new 2D Janus MGeSN2 (M = Ti, Zr, and Hf) monolayers and systematically investigate their electronic band structures under applied biaxial strain.
Effect of Cu and Sb active sites on the acid–base properties and reactivity of hydrated alumina for glycerol conversion by dehydrogenation and dehydration reactions
Authors: Santos Regina Claudia Rodrigues dos , da Silva Júnior Moacir José , Nunes Gabriel Lima , Valentini Antoninho
Published: June 2023

Bifunctional Cu–Sb containing catalysts supported on hydrated alumina prepared by different methods were evaluated for glycerol dehydrogenation and dehydration reaction in the gas phase.
A cascade of magnetic phase transitions and a 1/3-magnetization plateau in selenite–selenate Co3(SeO3)(SeO4)(OH)2 with kagomé-like Co2+ ion layer arrangements: the importance of identifying a correct spin lattice
Authors: Murtazoev A. F. , Berdonosov P. S. , Lyssenko K. A. , Dolgikh V. A. , Geidorf M. Y. , Volkova O. S. , Koo H.-J. , Whangbo M.-H. , Vasiliev A. N.
Published: June 2023

Co3(SeO3)(SeO4)(OH)2 has kagomé-like layers of Co2+ ions. It undergoes magnetic transitions at 27.5, 19.4 and 8.1 K, and exhibits a 1/3-magnetization plateau. The H–T diagram shows an antiferromagnetic phase I and ferrimagnetic phases II and III.
N2reduction in uranium-doped C2N/C3N4monolayers: a DFT computational study
Authors: Liu Huijie , Qu Mengnan , Du Aijun , Sun Qiao
Published: June 2023

The study provides important insights that U-doped C2N/C3N4can be used as promising SACs for NRRs.
Enhanced toluene sensing performances over commercial Co3O4 modulated by oxygen vacancy via NaBH4-assisted reduction approach
Authors: Zhao Liang , Xin Congcong , Yang Zhimin , Zhang Yaqing , Xing Yunpeng , Wei Zefeng , Fei Teng , Liu Sen , Zhang Tong
Published: June 2023

This work reports the introduction of oxygen vacancies on the surface of commercial Co3O4via reduction by NaBH4, realizing a significant improvement in its toluene sensing performance.
Recent developments in the solvent-free synthesis of heterocycles
Authors: Dey Nilabrata , Mandal Arabinda , Jana Rathin , Bera Anirban , Azad Sk Abulkalam , Giri Soumen , Ikbal Mohammed , Samanta Shubhankar
Published: June 2023

We have emphasized recent studies (2010 to 2022) on the solvent-free conditions of various heterocycles (N, O, S), which have been synthesized via oxidation, reduction, condensation, and conjugated reactions.
An efficient mixed micellar strategy for the catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol by diperiodatoargentate(iii) in aqueous media
Authors: Karmakar Priya , Kundu Sandip , Layek Mousumi , Karmakar Kripasindhu , Mitra Mandira , Mukherjee Arnab , Dhak Debasis , Mandal Ujjwal , Sar Pintu , Saha Bidyut
Published: June 2023

A mixed micellar microenvironment appeared as an efficient catalytic nanoreactor for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol by diperiodatoargentate(iii) in aqueous media.
A versatile fluorescence sensor for DNA detection based on layered double hydroxides and exonuclease III
Authors: Wu Yuanyi , Liu Shihan , Xiao Yumei , Li Qian , Xiang Qin , Song Xianqin , Wu Shanglin , Wang Kaiyong , Yang Yi
Published: June 2023

A versatile fluorescent sensor was constructed for DNA detection based on layered double hydroxides and exonuclease III.
An oxalamide-bridged imidazole based ‘turn off’ fluorescent receptor for copper(ii) and iron(iii) ions
Authors: Murugaperumal Parvathavarthini , Rajendran Praveena , Nallathambi Sengottuvelan , Ayyanar Siva , Perdih Franc , Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar , Alagarsamy Arun
Published: June 2023

We describe the synthesis of a symmetrical N,N′-bis(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)oxalamide-based receptor OX(PID)2 and its characterization by different physicochemical techniques, namely FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR, TGA, and mass spectrometry.
Metal-free synthesis of N-sulfonyl imines from benzyl alcohol derivatives and iminoiodinanes via mechanochemistry
Authors: Guha Souvik , Bhattacharya Ritwik , Jacob Jesni , Ravva Mahesh , Sen Subhabrata
Published: June 2023

Mechanochemical N-sulphonyl imine synthesis.
Reproducible Speech Research With the Artificial Intelligence–Ready PERCEPT Corpora
Authors: Benway Nina R. , Preston Jonathan L. , Hitchcock Elaine , Rose Yvan , Salekin Asif , Liang Wendy , McAllister Tara
Published: June 2023

Background:

Publicly available speech corpora facilitate reproducible research by providing open-access data for participants who have consented/assented to data sharing among different research teams. Such corpora can also support clinical education, including perceptual training and training in the use of speech analysis tools.

Purpose:

In this research note, we introduce the PERCEPT (Perceptual Error Rating for the Clinical Evaluation of Phonetic Targets) corpora, PERCEPT-R (Rhotics) and PERCEPT-GFTA (Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation), which together contain over 36 hr of speech audio (> 125,000 syllable, word, and phrase utterances) from children, adolescents, and young adults aged 6–24 years with speech sound disorder (primarily residual speech sound disorders impacting /ɹ/) and age-matched peers. We highlight PhonBank as the repository for the corpora and demonstrate use of the associated speech analysis software, Phon, to query PERCEPT-R. A worked example of research with PERCEPT-R, suitable for clinical education and research training, is included as an appendix. Support for end users and information/descriptive statistics for future releases of the PERCEPT corpora can be found in a dedicated Slack channel. Finally, we discuss the potential for PERCEPT corpora to support the training of artificial intelligence clinical speech technology appropriate for use with children with speech sound disorders, the development of which has historically been constrained by the limited representation of either children or individuals with speech impairments in publicly available training corpora.

Conclusions:

We demonstrate the use of PERCEPT corpora, PhonBank, and Phon for clinical training and research questions appropriate to child citation speech. Increased use of these tools has the potential to enhance reproducibility in the study of speech development and disorders.
Near range breakdown of the phase centre approximation
Authors: Brown Daniel C. , Blanford Thomas E.
Published: June 2023

Synthetic aperture sonar image reconstruction relies on the coherence of overlapping phase centres to provide accurate micronavigation for a sensed scene. It is shown that phase centres lose coherence for near‐range scattering from large synthetic aperture sonar arrays due to the fundamentally bistatic nature of these sensors. This effect is modelled using the van Cittert‐Zernike theorem and a point‐based sonar scattering model. Reduction of the window length used in the delay estimation process can partially mitigate the loss of coherence at the expense of increased variance in the resulting delay estimates.
Network adaptation for color image semantic segmentation
Authors: An Taeg‐Hyun , Kang Jungyu , Min Kyoung‐Wook
Published: June 2023

Image analysis using deep learning has made significant progress in the last few decades, and the importance of pre‐processing input images has become evident. However, adapting a network structure suitable for input images has not been considered. In this study, a simple network adaptation method for color image analysis is described. The method is illustrated using semantic segmentation, which mainly takes a color image as input. The method is inspired by chrominance subsampling, which is a practical method for image and video analysis. The human visual system is less sensitive to color differences than it is to brightness, and based on this phenomenon, it is possible to improve existing networks by providing less resolution to chroma information than luminance information in the network encoder design by applying the group convolution concept. The proposed method helps to achieve improved results without changing the complexity of the baseline network model, and is especially helpful in applications with limited resources, such as autonomous driving, augmented reality. Experiments were performed on a combination of datasets (i.e. CamVid, Cityscapes and KITTI‐360) and networks (i.e. ENet, ERFNet, Deeplabv3plus with mobilenetv2). The results show that the method improves the performance of existing network structures without increasing the number of parameters.
Inhibitory effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles and fibrillar chitosan‐zinc oxide nanostructures against herpes simplex virus infection
Authors: Abbasi Mahya , Arab‐Bafrani Zahra , Zabihi Erfan , Babaei Amir , Jafari Seyyed Mahdi , Barani Mahmood , Mousavi Elham
Published: June 2023

Although zinc ions have a strong antiviral impact against viral infections, they have a high level of toxicity in cell culture and in animal models. In the current work, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and fibrillar chitosan‐ZnO nanostructures (CS‐ZnO NSs) were synthesized in order to evaluate their cytotoxicity and inhibitory impact against HSV (herpes simplex virus) replication in vitro using the MTT, plaque, and Real‐time PCR methods. Also, different characterization approaches such as FE‐SEM, XRD, FTIR and fluorescence microscope were used to evaluate prepared NPs. The findings revealed that CS‐ZnO NSs exhibit negligible cytotoxicity in cells, whereas ZnO NPs were exceedingly harmful at high doses. Also, CS‐ZnO NSs could considerably internalize cells and reduce virus titration in HSV‐infected cells. Furthermore, their inhibitory effect against HSV replication was quite effective, which may be more related to the antiviral activity of chitosan and ZnO. In conclusion, the new fibrillar chitosan‐ZnO NS was prepared with the least toxicity for host cells.
Effect of reliability and memory on fractional inventory model incorporating promotional effort on demand
Authors: Santra Prasun K. , Mahapatra Ghanshaym S. , Kumar Akhilesh
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a study of inventory replenishment strategy for efficiently managing sales of a deteriorating item in a retail store. The study addresses pertinent effect on sales pattern due to promotional initiatives. The memory effect generated in the consumers’ mind due to various factors like branding and the stock visibility to customers is incorporated in our model by formulating it as a Caputo–Fabrizio fractional differential equation. Even, in practice, consumers’ purchase patterns are noticed to get influenced by the reliability of product, the same is modelled through demand rate formulation. Influence of both these factors is incorporated into the proposed formulation by representing them as model parameters. The study aims at determining the optimal replenishment quantity and its reordering time for the addressed item in terms of said factors estimated as parameters. Results of the study are analyzed through the data set obtained from a retail store. The analysis of model-parameters infers some managerial insights which match the reality of sales patterns. Our study provides a decision support framework for determining replenishment quantities along with an estimate of replenishment time in connection with promotional initiatives and reliability of the product for achieving minimal total cost incurred while keeping the selling price of the product as fixed.
Co(OAc)2/TBHP as a Highly Active Catalytic System for the Selective Oxidation of Aromatic Amines to Nitro Derivatives
Authors: Yin Weiyan , Yu Junxia , Wu Liqiong , Yao Lifeng
Published: June 2023

An efficient cobalt-catalyzed protocol for the selective oxidation of anilines using a combination of inexpensive tert-butyl hydroperoxide and Co(OAc)2·4H2O without any ligand has been developed, providing the nitroarene products in good to excellent yields (up to 96%).