bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AdductHunter: Identifying Protein-Metal Complex Adducts in Mass Spectra
Authors: Long Derek , Eade Liam , Sullivan Matthew P , Dost Katharina , Meier-Menches Samuel M , Goldstone David C , Hartinger Christian G , Wicker Jörg S , Taskova Katerina
Published: November 2023

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique for molecule identification that can be used for investigating protein-metal complex interactions. Once the MS data is collected, the mass spectra are usually interpreted manually to identify the adducts formed which arise from the interactions between proteins and metal-based species. However, with increasing resolution, dataset size, and species complexity, the time required to identify adducts and the error-prone nature of manual assignment have become limiting factors in MS analysis. AdductHunter is an analysis tool to automate the peak identification process using constraint integer optimization to find feasible combinations of protein and fragments, and dynamic time warping to calculate the dissimilarity between the theoretical isotope pattern of a species and its experimental isotope peak distribution. Our results show fast and accurate identification of protein adducts to aid mass spectrometry analysis.
Genetic and comparative genome analysis of the dibenzothiophene-desulfurizing Gordonia SWX-4
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Cheng Tao , Ma Zhiwei , Zhang Shuqi , Rao Qingyan , ma yanling
Published: November 2023

Biodesulfurization of crude oil is a highly promising technology for achieving thorough desulfurization. In this study, a bacterial strain, designated as SWX-4, was isolated from sandstone oil in the Ordos Basin that had the ability to utilize dibenzothiophene (DBT) as a carbon source. Through physiological and biochemical characterization as well as 16S rRNA sequencing, the isolate was identified as Gordonia sp. The genome of strain SWX-4 was found to be 5,303,410 bp in size, with a GC content of 67.44%. It comprised 12 rRNA genes, 51 tRNA genes, and two plasmids. Genome analysis revealed the presence of 4,683 functional genes potentially involved in DBT desulfurization, as well as the oxidation of alkanes and aromatic compounds. Notably, the genome of strain SWX-4 also contained genes encoding sfnG, sfnB, and terD, which are known to be responsible for the desulfurization activity of DBT. These genes exhibited functional similarity to the well-conserved dszABC operons. Furthermore, a comparative genomic analysis of 43 Gordonia strains isolated from various habitats was conducted to explore their genetic diversity. The results revealed that Gordonia sp. possesses an open pan-genome with a total of 774 core genes present across all strains. On average, these core genes accounted for 18% of each individual genome. Additionally, phylogenetic tree analysis and the distribution of accessory genes showed that each strain harbored a distinct set of unique genes. Interestingly, genes associated with biodesulfurization were found to be distributed among different branches of the phylogenetic tree. This suggests that these strains have the capacity to acquire new genes through horizontal gene transfer from their environments, thereby increasing the diversity of their bacterial genomes. However, we did not observe a direct evolutionary correlation between the bacterial genome and desulfurization metabolism. Overall, our findings provide valuable insights into the biodegradation of DBT by the SWX-4 strain and offer an efficient bacterial resource for biodesulfurization.
Immune-Oncology Targets and Therapeutic Response of Cell Pyroptosis-Related Genes with Prognostic Implications in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Xu Zhongya , Yin Hanjun , Zhao Xu , Duan Jinjiang , Zhou Kai , Shen Qiyang
Published: November 2023

Objective Construction of a NB prognostic model based on pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) to improve individualized management of NB patients.
Methods The GEO-NB cohort from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was obtained and randomized into training and test groups, and finally 498 cases were included for analysis. The model was constructed using the training set, and the test set data were used as the validation set to screen for prognostically significant variables using the Log-rank test, and then the optimal multigene prognostic model was built using LASSO-Cox regression analysis. The accuracy of the prognostic model was assessed using ROC curves, column plots, and calibration curves.
Results A prognostic model was first developed with the training set: the risk score formula was (-0.30 × GSDMB) + (-0.46 × IL18) + (-0.21 × NLRP3) - (0.56 × AIM2). Patients were categorized into high- and low-risk groups based on the median risk score value. Survival analysis showed that NB patients in the high-risk group had a significantly lower survival rate than those in the low-risk group (P < 0.001). The area under curve (AUC) of the time-dependent ROC curve predicting 5-, 7.5-, and 10-year survival was 0.843, 0.802, and 0.797, respectively. In the GEO test cohort, patients in the high-risk group had worse prognostic patients compared with those in the low-risk group (P=0.035). The calibration curve of the alignment diagram show that the alignment diagram has good clinical value.
Conclusion A prognostic model for predicting survival in NB patients was constructed based on PRGs, and the accuracy of the model was validated in an overall cohort and test cohort.
The influence of forest structure on the abundance, biomass, and composition of lianas in tropical forest fragments
Authors: Marinho Nathália de Toledo , Burnham Robyn Jeanette , Maeda Eduardo Eiji , Nunes Matheus Henrique , Laurance William F. , Laurance Susan G. , de Andrade Ana Cristina Segalin , Camargo José Luís Campana
Published: November 2023

Deforestation in the Amazon creates fragmented landscapes and increases the exposure of forest remnants to altered microclimates, leading to forest structural changes that can alter vegetation density and the forest's vertical profile. Trees are crucial to defining tropical forest structure, but lianas contribute as much as 25% of species and can intercept 10–20% of the total light in forest. While much is known about the effects of forest fragmentation on trees, much less is known about lianas. Our study aimed to understand how the liana structure and composition community respond to forest fragmentation, especially forest-structural changes and distance to forest edge, in Central Amazonia. We used data from 1,336 individuals (diameter-at-breast-height ≥ 2 cm) of 172 liana species recorded in 2 ha of forest. Then, we tested the relationship of abundance, biomass, number of species and species composition as a function of forest structural parameters obtained through Terrestrial LiDAR, a 3D-remote-sensing technique, and distance to forest edge. At sites with a lower density of canopy vegetation, liana abundance and species richness both increased. However, increases in liana biomass and changes in liana species composition occurred only near forest edges. We conclude that unanalyzed factors, such as microclimatic variation and intrinsic characteristics of lianas, may be affecting liana community composition. In the long term, the effect of reduced canopy density on liana abundance and climate change may cause further changes in liana species composition in forest fragments.
Non-Amontons Frictional Behaviors of Grain Boundaries at Layered Material Interfaces
Authors: Hod Oded , Song Yiming , Gao Xiang , Pawlak Rémy , Huang Shuyu , Hinaut Antoine , Glatzel Thilo , Urbakh Michael , Meyer Ernst
Published: November 2023

Against conventional wisdom, corrugated grain boundaries in polycrystalline graphene, grown on Pt(111) surfaces, are shown to exhibit negative friction coefficients and non-monotonic velocity dependence. Using combined experimental, simulation, and modeling efforts, the underlying energy dissipation mechanism is found to be dominated by dynamic buckling of grain boundary dislocation protrusions. The revealed mechanism is expected to appear in a wide range of polycrystalline two-dimensional material interfaces, thus supporting the design of large-scale dry superlubric contacts.
Mechanics-activated Fibroblasts orchestrating the plasticity of group 2 innate lymphoid cells propel the progression of silicosis
Authors: Li Chao , He Yangyang , Yuan Haoyang , You Yichuan , Yang Fan , Chen Yinghui , Wu Xiulin , Min Hui , Chen Jie
Published: November 2023

Exposure to crystalline silica particle leads to silicosis characterized as progressive fibrosis. Fibroblasts are described as vital effector cells in fibrogenesis. Emerging studies identified immune sentinel role of fibroblasts in chronic disease, while their immune-modulatory role in silicosis remained elusive. Herein, we confirmed that a conversion of ILC2 to ILC1 closely involved in silicosis was mediated by activated fibroblast via IL-18. Mechanistically, Notch3 signaling in mechanics-activated fibroblasts modulated IL-18 production. The mice specific knockout Notch3 in fibroblast exerted retardatory progression of pulmonary fibrosis that tightly linked to attenuated conversion of ILCs. Our results indicated that the activated-fibroblast in silicotic lung served as a regulator of ILC2-ILC1 conversion that associated with silicosis progression via Notch3-IL-18 axis. The findings broadened the cognitive boundaries of the immune regulation of silicosis, also provide potential therapeutic targets in treating lung fibrotic diseases.
Isolation, identification, and genome of a Bacillus velezensis JIN4 exhibiting biocontrol activity against kiwifruit bacterial canker
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhai Yang , Tu Jing , Yang Chen , Yang Yuanru , Yi Yongjian , Wang Hongying , Wei Lin , Zeng Liangbin
Published: November 2023

Kiwifruit bacterial canker is a devastating disease in production. This study aimed to screen antagonistic bacteria that might be used to control this disease. Strain JIN4 showed significant antifungal activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (Psa) and seven other phytopathogenic bacteria isolated from kiwifruit branches. Based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and gyrA sequence analysis, JIN4 was identified as Bacillus velezensis. In field prevention experiments, the control efficiency of strain JIN4 reached 60.22%. Our results indicate that B. velezensis JIN4 has broad-spectrum antifungal resistance, and its genome contains many genes encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis of antimicrobial metabolites. In addition, JIN4 has three antibiotic-resistance genes and a cluster of nine genes used in the synthesis of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, B. velezensis JIN4 can be used as a potential biocontrol agent against kiwifruit bacterial canker, but further work is required to improve its efficacy.
Study on Intermetallic Compound (IMC) in Dissimilar Joining of Steel and Aluminum (Fe-Al) – A Review Paper
Authors: Rahman Syahril Azli Abdul , Mamat Sarizam , Ahmad Muhammad Iqbal , Mungkung Narong , Yuji Toshifumi , Tashiro Shinichi , Tanaka Manabu
Published: November 2023

Dissimilar metal joints, particularly those involving aluminum and iron (Al-Fe), are widely employed in engineering due to their exceptional mechanical properties and unique microstructures. The purpose of this literature review is to assess the extent and depth of research related to dissimilar metal joint research, with a specific focus on microstructure analysis and the reported findings. The review identified three key themes for improving the quality of these joints: welding techniques, parametric optimization, and material treatment. Three themes were identified, namely, the welding techniques (i.e., Friction Stir Welding, TIG-MIG Hybrid welding, etc.), parameter optimization (e.g., Taguchi method, Response Surface Method etc., and Material Treatment) and the material treatment (pre-heating, Backing Plate). This comprehensive review highlights the importance of microstructural analysis in Dissimilar Metal Joint research, providing a foundation for understanding the nuances of different welding methods and their effects on joint quality. Additionally, strategies to mitigate the challenges posed by thick Fe2Al5 formation are discussed, ultimately contributing to advancements in dissimilar material joint technology and joint strength enhancement.
The CLaP System: Chain-based Lattice Printing for Efficient Robotically-Assembled Structures
Authors: Xu Zhe , Dollar Aaron
Published: November 2023

Due to the nature of their implementation, nearly all low-level fabrication processes produce solidly filled structures. However, lattice structures are significantly stronger for the same amount of material, resulting in structures that are much lighter and more materially efficient. In this paper we propose an approach for fabricating lattice structures that echoes commercially successful additive manufacturing/3D printing techniques. In it, a modular chain of specially designed links is “extruded” onto a substrate to produce various lattice configurations depending on the chosen assembly algorithm, ranging from one of the strongest known rigid lattices, the octet-truss, to significantly less dense configurations. Like 3D printing, the process allows material to be compactly stored before being deployed into structures of nearly arbitrary geometry, but unlike it, the approach allows for the use of nearly any material or combination of materials. We demonstrate the concept experimentally with a nearly 300-link chain that is fed from a spool and autonomously laid down onto programmed lattice arrangements via a robotic arm modified for the task. In the current prototype implementation, ~300-link structures are fabricated in 27 minutes, and a 3x3x2 lattice structure (287 total links) is shown to support approximately 1000N in compression testing.
Conditioned medium derived from human dental pulp stem cells and photobiomodulation improves lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in rats
Authors: Rezaei Mohammad Morteza , Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan Alireza , Hosseini Mahmoud , Dalirsani Zohreh , Rajabian Arezoo , Hokmabadi Afsaneh , Darbandi Zahra Kioumarsi , Shafieian Reyhaneh
Published: November 2023

Neuroinflammation has been introduced as a main player in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies showed a promising anti-inflammatory role for conditioned medium (CM) in the nervous system. However, in order to improve the effects of CM in this study, we investigated the effect of CM and photobiomodulation (PBM) on neuroinflammation and cognitive disorders caused by it. Neuroinflammation model was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in male Wistar rats. Morris water maze (MWM), Passive Avoidance (PA), and probe tests were performed to assess memory and learning function. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), thiol, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as acetylcholinesterase (AchE) enzyme activity and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in the hippocampus tissue for stress oxidative and inflammation status, respectively. LPS injection induced neuroinflammation and aggrevated cognitive status. Employment of CM and PBM led to a significant increase in time and traveled distance in MWM test, duration of remaining in the dark space in PA test, and duration of presence and traveled distance in the probe test. CM and PBM treatment also improved LPS-induced stress oxidative markers status and attenuated IL-6 level and AchE enzyme activity. Our results propose a potential anti-inflammatory role for PBM, alone or in combination with CM, in LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. The therapeutic capacity of PBM and CM application should be further investigated in treatment of neuroinflammation-induced major neurodegenerative disorders.
Controllable Structure and Superior Mechanical Properties of Metallic Glasses through Atomic Manufacturing
Authors: Ke Haibo , Zhao Hang , Zhou Jing , Shang Baoshuang , Sun Rongce , Yan Yuqiang , Tong Xing , Xian Haijie , Ding Yong , Zhang Bo , Wang Wei-Hua
Published: November 2023

In structural metallic materials, the arrangement of atoms in an orderly fashion plays a pivotal role in governing crucial properties like strength and plasticity. However, how to effectively manipulate the atomic order within the material to overcome the longstanding strength-plasticity trade-off remains an immense challenge. Atomic manufacturing, a revolutionary approach that starts from the smallest building blocks, exhibits immense promise in creating entirely novel materials with disruptive capabilities, thus overcoming the longstanding challenge of order manipulation. In this study, we introduce an atomic manufacturing approach for fabricating diverse nanostructures with varying degrees of order in a typical Zr50Cu40Al10 alloy composition. It was found that these structures demonstrate a broader range and superior mechanical properties compared to existing Zr-based alloys. Notably, significant advancements have been made in achieving a balance between strength and plasticity through both spinodal glass and dual-phase nanostructures. An exceptional mechanical performance is achieved in a spinodal glass, which retains more than 75% plasticity while achieving an ultrahigh yield strength of 3.89 GPa. The findings show that the novel spinodal structure undergoes dynamic atomic intermixing during plastic deformation, effectively mitigating the occurrence of catastrophic fracture. This work highlights the tremendous potential of atomic manufacturing and structural order modulation in exploring and realizing materials with versatile and optimal performance characteristics.
No Tips Please: Informational Messaging for Water Conservation
Authors: Stitzel Brandli , Rogers Cynthia
Published: November 2023

A common practice of water utilities is including informational messages in correspondences with customers. We implement a randomized field experiment to analyze how including tips and technical advice in informational messages impacts residential water use. Using a unique experimental design, we disentangle the influence of technical advice and tips from peer comparisons. Three informational components are used to create four treatment combinations: conservation messages only, conservation message plus peer comparison, conservation message plus tips, and conservation messages plus tips and peer comparison. We estimate conventional panel regression models for 2,163 households in Norman, Oklahoma using detailed customer-level data on monthly consumption, meter route location, and rainfall measures. The biggest estimated conservation responses corresponded to treatments with a conservation message and peer comparison without the inclusion of tips. Our results suggest that the common practice of including tips in informational messages may be counterproductive for inducing conservation.
Increased Blood Draws for Ultrasensitive ctDNA and CTCs Detection in Early Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Comino-Méndez Iñaki , Alba-Bernal Alfonso , Godoy-Ortiz Ana , Domínguez María , Lopez-Lopez Esperanza , Quiros-Ortega Maria Elena , Jimenez-Rodriguez Begoña , Roldan-Diaz Maria Dunia , Sanchez-Martin Victoria , Bellagarza-Garcia Estefania , Troyano-Ramos Laura , Garrido-Ruiz Guadalupe , Hierro-Martin Maria Isabel , Vicioso Luis , Linares-Valencia Noelia , Velasco-Suelto Jesús , Carbajosa Guillermo , Garrido-Aranda Alicia , Lavado-Valenzuela Rocio , Álvarez-Pérez Martina , Peralta-Linero Jesus , Pascual Javier , Alba Emilio , Gonzalez-Ortiz Alvaro
Published: November 2023

Early breast cancer patients often experience relapse due to residual disease after treatment. Liquid biopsy is a methodology capable of detecting tumor components in blood, but low concentrations at early stages pose challenges. To detect them, next-generation sequencing has promise but entails complex processes. Exploring larger blood volumes could overcome detection limitations. Herein, a total of 282 high-volume plasma and blood-cell samples were collected for dual ctDNA/CTCs detection using a single droplet-digital PCR assay per patient. ctDNA and/or CTCs were detected in 100% of pre-treatment samples. On the other hand, post-treatment positive samples exhibited a minimum variant allele frequency of 0.003% for ctDNA and minimum cell number of 0.069 CTCs/mL of blood, surpassing previous investigations. Accurate prediction of residual disease before surgery was achieved in patients without a complete pathological response. A model utilizing ctDNA dynamics achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.92 for predicting response. In the relapsed patient, disease recurrence was detected in the first post-surgery blood sample 7.59 months before clinical symptoms appeared. This methodology provides an easily implemented alternative for ultrasensitive residual disease detection in early breast cancer patients.
Exploring community Kangaroo Mother Care practices among NICU graduates: a prospective cohort study in South India
Authors: Jeganathan Sathya , Schwinger Catherine , Strand Tor A , Veerasamy Ravishankar , Kvestad Ingrid
Published: November 2023

Aim
To describe KMC practice in the community (cKMC) after discharge from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in South Indian mother-LBW infants.
Method
A prospective study enrolling 420 dyads at discharge from the NICU with follow-up on cKMC practice two months after discharge. Factors associated with cKMC were explored using logistic regression.
Result
Among the 420 enrolled, 2 (0.5%) infants died, and 12 (2.9%) were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining families, 25% (101) never practiced cKMC, and effective practice was done by 25% (77). Infant birth weight ≥ 1.5 kg (OR: 3.1, 95% CI 1.8, 5.3) was associated with higher odds of practicing cKMC, while infant born at term (OR: 0.5, 95% CI 0.3, 0.8) and mothers’ weight > 45 kg (OR: 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.7) was associated with lower odds of practicing cKMC. Continued KMC practice 48 hours before discharge was associated with higher odds (OR: 3.4, 95% CI 1.8–6.2), while absence of father's support was associated with lower odds (OR: 0.6, 95% CI 0.3, 1.0) of effective cKMC.
Conclusion
The continuum of cKMC after discharge from the NICU was inadequate. Factors associated with cKMC practice should be considered when planning interventions to improve cKMC practices.
Targeted knockdown of PGAM5 in synovial macrophages efficiently alleviates osteoarthritis
Authors: zhang xiaoling , Liu Yuhang , Hao Ruihan , Lv Jia , Yuan Jie , Wang Xuelei , Xu Churong , Ma Ding , Duan Zhouyi , Zhang Bingjun , Dai Liming , Cheng Yiyun , Lu Wei
Published: November 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease worldwide and new therapeutics that target inflammation and the crosstalk between immunocytes and chondrocytes are being developed to prevent and treat OA. These attempts involve repolarizing pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages into the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in synovium. In this study, we found that phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) significantly increased in macrophages in OA synovium compared to controls based on histology of human samples and single-cell RNA sequencing results of mice models. To address the role of PGAM5 in macrophages in OA, we found conditional knockout of PGAM5 in macrophages greatly alleviated OA symptoms in vivo and promoted anabolic metabolism of chondrocytes in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that PGAM5 enhanced M1 polarization via AKT-mTOR/p38/ERK pathways, whereas inhibited M2 polarization via STAT6-PPARγ pathway in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Furthermore, we found that PGAM5 directly dephosphorylated Dishevelled Segment Polarity Protein 2 (DVL2) which resulted in the inhibition of β-catenin and repolarization of M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages. Conditional knockout of both PGAM5 and β-catenin in macrophages significantly exacerbated osteoarthritis compared to PGAM5-deficient mice. Motivated by these findings, we successfully designed mannose modified fluoropolymers combined with siPGAM5 to inhibit PGAM5 specifically in synovial macrophages via intra-articular injection, which possessed desired targeting abilities of synovial macrophages and greatly attenuated murine osteoarthritis. Collectively, these findings defined a key role for PGAM5 in orchestrating macrophage polarization and provides insights into novel macrophage-targeted strategy for treating OA.
Refinement of a Meaning-Centered Counseling Program for Chinese Patients with Advanced Cancer: Integrating Cultural Adaptation and Implementation Science Approaches
Authors: Lui Florence , Zhang Qingyi , Bao George , Narang Bharat , Chen Ruo Yan , Niu Yunshan , Leng Jennifer , Breitbart William
Published: November 2023

Background: This mixed methods study identified needed refinements to a telehealth-delivered cultural and linguistic adaptation of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Chinese patients with advanced cancer (MCP-Ch) to enhance acceptability, comprehensibility, and implementation of the intervention in usual care settings, guided by the Ecological Validity Model (EVM) and the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM).
Methods: 15 purposively sampled mental health professionals who work with Chinese cancer patients completed surveys providing Likert-scale ratings on acceptability and comprehensibility of MCP-Ch content (guided by the EVM) and pre-implementation factors (guided by PRISM), followed by semi-structured interviews. Survey data were descriptively summarized and linked to qualitative interview data. Three analysts independently coded the transcripts according to EVM and PRISM domains; discrepancies were resolved through discussion and consensus.
Results: Quantitative findings showed high appropriateness and relevance of MCP-Ch across five EVM domains of Language, Metaphors/Stories, Goals, Content, and Concepts. Qualitative analysis yielded 23 inductive codes under the seven EVM domains: (1) Language (3 subcodes), (2) Persons (2 subcodes), (3) Metaphors/Stories (2 subcodes), (4) Methods (8 subcodes), (5) Content (2 subcodes), (6) Goals (4 subcodes), and (7) Concepts (2 subcodes). Themes based on PRISM included (1) Intervention characteristics (organizational perspective, 7 subcodes; and patient perspective, 6 subcodes) (2) External environment (2 subcodes), (3) Implementation and sustainability infrastructure (4 subcodes), and (4) Recipients (organizational characteristics, 5 subcodes; and patient characteristics, 4 subcodes).
Conclusion: Recommendations for next steps include increasing the MCP-Ch protocol’s flexibility and adaptability to allow interventionists to flexibly tailor MCP-Ch material to meet patients’ individual needs, simplifying content to improve comprehension and acceptability, providing additional training to Chinese-serving providers to increase adoption and sustainability, and considering interpreter-assisted delivery to increase access. Findings yielded important information to maximize cultural relevance as well as the implementation and sustainability potential of MCP-Ch in real-world settings.
Non-linear causal association of body mass index with serum insulin-like growth factor 1: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Pei Yu-Fang , Song ZiTong , Bu Fan , Li Kuan , Xu Qian , Zhao Qi-Gang , Ma Xin-Ling , Zhang Lei , Li Bin
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-1) is a polypeptide hormone mainly secreted from the liver. The synthesis and secretion of IGF-1 are affected by various factors including unusual body weight. Nonetheless, the causal relationship between body mass index (BMI) and IGF-1 is still under debate from existing epidemiological studies, implying their complicated regulation pattern. Aiming to investigate their causal association, we conducted a large-scale linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort with BMI as the exposure and IGF-1 as the outcome.
Methods: After applying a series of exclusion criteria and covariate adjustment, a total of 244 991 participants from the UKB were eligible for analysis. The polygenic risk score (PRS) of BMI was constructed on 96 instrumental variables (IVs). The non-linear observational association between BMI and IGF-1 was examined by a restricted cubic spline test. Non-linear MR analysis was performed with the piecewise linear method and verified by doubly-ranked stratification and log-transformation methods. In addition to combined analysis, stratified analysis was performed by sex and age groups. A series of sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the robustness of the results.
Results: Restricted cubic spline regression demonstrated an inverted U-shaped association between BMI and IGF-1 (P non-linear<0.001), which was also supported by MR analysis (Quadratic P-value: 4.93×10-6, Cochran Q P-value: 2.94×10-5). Specifically, genetically predicted BMI was significantly positively correlated with IGF-1 levels when BMI was less than 25kg/m2, and genetically predicted BMI was significantly negatively correlated with IGF-1 levels when BMI exceeded around 28kg/m2. Stratified analysis showed no difference against sex and different age groups. Sensitivity analyses gave similar results, demonstrating the robustness of the results.
Conclusions: This study suggested a non-linear causal relationship between BMI and IGF-1 and this effect may not influenced by sex and age.
Dental student education during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review of frontline teaching approaches
Authors: Lewis Kegan , Karim Ikhlas El , Lappin Mark
Published: November 2023

Introduction Traditional methods of dental undergraduate education were impacted by cross-infection precautions associated with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), necessitating rapid implementation of virtual and novel in-person education strategies. The unprecedented pace at which COVID-19 caused educational disruption required universities to rapidly design and apply novel methods amidst limited clinical learning opportunity.
Objectives To use a scoping review to identify from published literature the educational methods employed globally during the COVID-19 pandemic, to explore stakeholders’ perceptions of their use, and to identify potential future good practise.
Method Scoping review methodology was used to select and analyse 63 articles. Comprehensive searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, with inclusion/exclusion criteria applied. Articles were screened at the title and abstract level by one reviewer, and at full text by one reviewer, with supervisory assistance from a second reviewer.
Results Dental education rapidly transitioned to total online learning for theoretical and clinical aspects. A shift to hybrid models followed, employing advanced virtual techniques for theory and in-person clinical training in laboratories and limited patient settings as restrictions eased. Students valued self-directed virtual methods but were concerned about reduced practical training. Hands-on mannequins and patient interactions remained preferable for clinical skills acquisition. Interactive online and in-person activities were highly valued for engagement and feedback, while case-based learning enhanced critical thinking. Virtual exams were accepted for communication and theory evaluation, though in-person assessments were favoured for clinical skills. Teaching staff highlighted the desire for additional IT related training and the development of existing IT infrastructure. Both teachers and learners endorsed blended approaches, combining in-person and virtual methods, for optimised clinical learning exposure.
Conclusions Undergraduate programmes should devise hybrid programmes that harnesses the educational efficacy and technological benefits of both virtual and in-person approaches amidst reduced clinical exposure. This approach ensures that dental graduates attain essential knowledge, competence, and readiness for autonomous practice.
Spatial Distribution Patterns of Pleural Dissemination in Patients with Thymoma and Survival Analysis
Authors: Chang Hao , li Gaiyan , He Dongjie , Zhu Siying , Jing Yong , Liu Honggang , Li Junting , Wu Peiwen , Shao Qiuju
Published: November 2023

Background
Thymoma is a common malignancy with a low incidence, and pleural metastases are a common pattern of recurrence. It is necessary that the spatial location of pleural metastatic lesions be analyzed. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of pleural dissemination in patients with thymoma and evaluate the variables that influence the survival of pleural metastasis in this population.
Methods
This retrospective study investigated hospital admissions of patients diagnosed with pleural metastasis from thymoma. The spatial distribution pattern and visualization of the pleural metastases were analyzed after establishing a coordinate system. We further analyzed the survival and influencing factors in patients with pleural metastases from thymoma.
Results
The analysis included 56 patients with a cumulative count of 365 pleural metastases, with 351 metastases from zones 1–5 finally included in the analysis. The spatial distribution of the 285 initially diagnosed pleural metastases was significantly concentrated in zones 3 and 4 near the lateral half of the spine 56.5% (161/285), followed by zone 5 17.5% (50/285). Collectively, these two components accounted for 74.0% (211/285) of all initial metastatic lesions. The survival rates at 5 years for those who underwent surgery versus non-surgical treatment were 68.3% and 37.1%, respectively (p = 0.015). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that surgical intervention reduced the risk of death by 61% (HR = 0.391, P = 0.018).
Conclusions
The distribution of pleural metastatic lesions exhibited a non-uniform pattern, primarily concentrated on the spinal aspect below the aortic arch of the costal pleura and the spinal aspect of the diaphragmatic pleura. Surgical intervention plays a crucial role in the patients with pleural metastases from thymoma. Further investigation is necessary to explore preventive measures in areas with high incidence of pleural metastases from thymoma.
Investigation on the Crystallization Process of Microcellular Injection Moulded Parts and the Influences of Parameters on the Crystallization by Simulation
Authors: Ding Yifei , Yang Jiong , Bakker Otto , Hinduja Srichand , Bartolo Paulo
Published: November 2023

Crystallization, as a physical transformation process, plays an important role on the final properties of a plastic part. Similar to other injection moulding processes, injection and cooling conditions in microcellular injection moulding (e.g. MuCell® process) determine the phase change transformation of the material (molten to solid) and consequently, nucleation, crystal growth and crystallinity. The crystallization process of microcellular injection moulded parts has been mainly investigated using laborious and time-consuming experimental characterization techniques, but no studies reported the use of numerical methods to estimate the crystallization process. This paper presents a mathematical model successfully used to simulate the crystallization process of microcellular injection moulded parts. Microcellular injection moulding was simulated using Moldex 3D, and the crystallization process was investigated using the Hoffman nucleation theory for the crystal nucleation rate, the Lauritzen-Hoffman growth theory for the crystal growth rate, and the Avrami model to calculate the relative crystallinity. Numerical simulations allowed to investigate the effect of key processing parameters (melt temperature, mould temperature, flow rate, gas dosage amount and shot volume) on the crystallization process. Moreover, the numerical model was validated considering published experimental data.
Geochemical, ecological, and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the surrounding soil of a cement plant
Authors: Sulaiman Mohammad Bashir , Okoye Chukwuma OB , Asegbeloyin Jonnie N
Published: November 2023

Cement plants are the major anthropogenic sources of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), which are generated from the processing of raw materials and combustion of fossil fuels. This study determined the PTE concentration and assessed the geochemical, ecological, and health risks associated with the activities in the Ashaka cement plant, Bajoga, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected between 2019 and 2020, and analyzed by ICP-OES for 20 PTEs. The data obtained were statistically evaluated for descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean concentrations of PTEs were in the declined order of Al > Fe > Mn > Zn > Ti > Ba > Sr > Pb > Cu > V > Cr > Ni > As > Sc > Mo > Hg > Cd > Se > Sb > Co. Multivariate analysis revealed that the main sources of PTEs might be related to anthropogenic activities from cement plant. The geochemical load index (GLI) values obtained range from unpolluted to moderate. The ecological risk ranged from 4.74 × 10− 3 to 8.00 × 100, and the overall risk index indicated low contamination for the investigated elements. The hazard index (HI) was < 1, suggesting non-probable non-carcinogenic effects. However, children were more susceptible to risk than adults, and the cancer risk (CR) values of Cd for children and adults were higher than the threshold level of 1.0 × 10− 4, which suggests probable development of cancer risk for residents.
Disparities in integrating non-invasive prenatal testing into antenatal healthcare in Australia: A survey of healthcare professionals
Authors: Johnston Molly , Hui Lisa , Bowman-Smart Hilary , Taylor-Sands Michelle , Pertile Mark D , Mills Catherine
Published: November 2023

Background
Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been clinically available in Australia on a user-pays basis since 2012. There are numerous providers, with available tests ranging from targeted NIPT (only trisomies 21, 18, and 13 +/- sex chromosome aneuploidy) to genome-wide NIPT. While NIPT is being implemented in the public health care systems of other countries, in Australia, the implementation of NIPT has proceeded without public funding. The aim of this study was to investigate how NIPT has been integrated into antenatal care across Australia and reveal the successes and challenges in its implementation in this context.
Methods
An anonymous online mixed-methods survey was conducted from September to October 2022. Invitations to participate were sent to healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in the provision of NIPT in Australia through professional society mailing lists and networks.
Results
A total of 475 HCPs responded, comprising 48.8% obstetricians, 35.2% general practitioners, 6.7% midwives, and 9.3% genetic specialists. NIPT was most commonly offered as a first-tier test, with most HCP (60.3%) offering it to patients as a choice between NIPT and combined first-trimester screening. Fifty-three percent of respondents always offered patients a choice between NIPT for the common autosomal trisomies and expanded (including genome-wide) NIPT. This choice was understood as supporting patient autonomy and informed consent. Cost was seen as a major barrier to access to NIPT, for both targeted and expanded tests. Equitable access, increasing time demands on HCPs, and staying up to date with advances were frequently reported as major challenges in delivering NIPT.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate substantial variation in the clinical implementation of NIPT in Australia, including in the offers of expanded screening options. After a decade of clinical use, Australian clinicians still report ongoing challenges in the clinical and equitable provision of NIPT.
Potential impacts of invasive Pythons in Brazil
Authors: Guimarães Victor Hugo Silva , Machado Ricardo Bomfim , Giugliano Lilian Gimenes
Published: November 2023

The global pet trade's demand has led to the introduction of large constrictor snakes into new environments, either intentionally or accidentally. Brazil boasts the third-highest reptile species diversity globally, with snakes representing the predominant reptilian group, including 12 constrictor species. The potential for competition and predation between invasive and native snakes underscores the need for a comprehensive assessment of risks faced by endemic herpetofauna. This study aims to identify potential areas for invasive python establishment and assess their impact on native constrictors in Brazil. Environmental Niche Models were employed to predict suitable habitats for both invasive pythons and four endemic Brazilian snake species. By overlapping Python spp. records with those of endemic serpents, the study sought to understand resource availability for potential invasive species and the vulnerability of native species to python invasion. The results highlight Python sebae and Python bivittatus as potential invasive species posing a threat to native constrictors. Conversely, Eunectes murinus, with its semi-aquatic behavior, exhibited lower vulnerability. Endemic serpents, including Boa constrictor, Corallus hortulanus, and Epicrates cenchria, were identified as highly susceptible to potential competition from invasive pythons. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding the potential ecological impacts of the introduction of invasive species on native ecosystems.
The Effect of Social Network-Based Motivational Interviewing on Health- Promoting Behaviors and Quality of Life among Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hamzehgardeshi Zeinab , Elyasi Forouzan , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Ahmadi Imaneh , Jahanfar Shayesteh , Ahmadian Maryam , Ansari Fatemeh
Published: November 2023

Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the commonest and complex endocrine disorders in females of reproductive age. Attention to self-care behaviors such as health-promoting behaviors can improve physiological and psychological conditions in women with PCOS. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of Social Network-Based Motivational Interviewing on health-promoting behaviors and quality of life of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 60 infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome were randomly selected and assigned to the interventio (n = 30) or a control group (n = 30). Participants in the control group received routine care. Those in the intervention group received five motivational group sessions in WhatsApp, which were conducted in five groups of six participants each. The data related to health-promoting behaviors and quality of life were collected through an online questionnaire. Both groups were followed up immediately and 2 months after the intervention. Data collected in the two stages were analyzed using the paired-samples t-test, Chi-square, and repeated measures analysis.
Results: No significant difference was observed between the two groups before the intervention means health-promoting behaviors and quality of life scores (p>0.05). Immediately and two months after the intervention, the mean scores of health-promoting behaviors and their domains increased in the intervention group. This increase is statistically compared to the first test, and the scores obtained by the control group in the second (p< 0.001, ES = 1.5) and the third test (p< 0.001, ES= 1.3) were significant. The score of the quality of life variable increase was not statistically significant compared to the first test and also to the scores obtained by the control group. However According to the GEE test, the changes in quality of life score between the two groups in the three stages of measurement are statistically significant.
Conclusions: WhatsApp support increases the health-promoting self-care behaviors rate and has favorable effects on follow-up.
Trial registration: Iranian Registry for Clinical Trial (the link to trial: https://www.irct.ir/trial/48089). Registered August 11 2020
Simultaneous time-resolved aqueous haloamine measurement empowers robust kinetic model analysis
Authors: Katz Lynn , Brodfuehrer Samuel , Blomdahl Daniel , Wahman David , Speitel Gerald , Misztal Pawel
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate the first application of Proton Transfer Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) for monitoring kinetics of disinfectant decay in water with 1 to 3 orders of magnitude greater sensitivity than other analytical methods. Chemical disinfection inactivates pathogens during water treatment and prevents regrowth as water is conveyed in distribution system pipes, but it also causes formation of toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs). Analytical limits have hindered kinetic models which aid in ensuring water quality and protecting public health by predicting disinfectant DBPs formation. PTR-ToF-MS, designed for measuring gas phase concentrations of organic compounds, was able to simultaneously monitor aqueous concentrations of five haloamines relevant to chloramine disinfection under drinking water relevant concentrations. This novel application to aqueous analytes opens a new range of applications for PTR-ToF-MS.
Efficacy and Safety of Injectable Dulaglutide 1.5 mg among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Clinics at King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albargawi Mashael Saad , Alharbi Rawan Naser , Alajlani Mohammad Abbas , Abdulaal Ibtihal Abdulwarith , Aldakhil Lina Othman
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes, characterized by varying degrees of insulin resistance and diminishing beta-cell function, which increases the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. Dulaglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that is administered once weekly and approved for treating adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It can be used as a monotherapy or in addition to oral hypoglycemic or insulin therapy.
Aim: This study aims to provide information contributing to assessing the efficacy and safety of weekly 1.5 mg dulaglutide therapy in Saudi adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: A retrospective single-arm cohort study using a purposive sample to recruit type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on dulaglutide from endocrine and diabetic outpatient clinics in King Saud Medical City (N = 205). Data were collected from participants’ medical profiles and through the phone using interview questionnaires.
Results: Most participants were female and married; approximately 33% had had diabetes for more than 20 years, 41.4% of the sample had third-class obesity, and more than half had used dulaglutide for the last 1 to 2 years. With therapy, weight, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, and fasting blood sugar were significantly improved after 6 and 12 months from baseline. The main side effects reported were nausea (52%) and fatigue (28%).
Conclusion:Dulaglutide is a safe and effective therapy that demonstrated favorable glycemic control and weight reduction in obese type 2 diabetes patients of Saudi origin.
Pipeline Parallelism with Reduced Network Communications for Efficient Compute-intensive Neural Network Training
Authors: Yu Chanhee , Park Kyongseok
Published: November 2023

Pipeline parallelism is a distributed deep neural network training method suitable for tasks that consume large amounts of memory. However, this method entails a large amount of overhead because of the dependency between devices in performing forward and backward steps through multiple devices. A method to remove forward step dependency through the all-to-all approach has been proposed for the compute-intensive models; however, this method incurs large overhead when training with a large number of devices and is inefficient in terms of weight memory consumption. Therefore, we propose a pipeline parallelism method that reduces network communication using a self-generation concept and simultaneously reduces overhead by minimizing the weight memory used for acceleration. In a Darknet53 training throughput experiment using six devices, the proposed method showed excellent performance of approximately 63.7% compared to the baseline by reduced overhead and communication costs and showed less memory consumption of approximately 17.0%.