bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixed-methods education of mechanical ventilation for residents in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: Preliminary interventional study
Authors: Takeda Kenichiro , Kasai Hajime , Tajima Hiroshi , Furukawa Yutaka , Imaeda Taro , Suzuki Takuji , Ito Shoichi
Published: July 2023

Introduction

In the current era of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 epidemic, the need for respiratory care, including mechanical ventilatory (MV) management, has increased. However, there are no well-developed educational strategies for training medical personnel dealing with respiratory care in MV management.

Methods

A novel mixed-methods hands-on seminar for learning MV management was conducted for the residents at Chiba University Hospital in March 2022. The seminar lasted approximately 2 hours. The learning goal for the residents was to develop skills and knowledge in performing basic respiratory care, including MV, during an outbreak of a respiratory infection. The seminar with a flipped classroom consisted of e-learning, including modules on respiratory physiology and MV management, hands-on training with a low-fidelity simulator (a lung simulator), and hands-on training with a high-fidelity simulator (a human patient simulator). The effectiveness of the seminar was evaluated using closed questions (scored on a five-point Likert scale: 1 [minimum] to 5 [maximum]) and multiple-choice questions (maximum score: 6) at the pre- and post-seminar evaluations.

Results

Fourteen residents at Chiba University Hospital participated in the program. The questionnaire responses revealed that the participants’ motivation for learning about MV was relatively high in the pre-seminar period (seven participants [50%] selected level 5 [very strong]), and it increased in the post-seminar period (all participants selected level 5) (p= 0.016). The responses to the multiple-choice questions revealed that the participants did not have enough knowledge to operate a mechanical ventilator, while the total score significantly improved from the pre- to post-seminar period (pre-seminar: 3.3 ± 1.1, post-seminar: 4.6 ± 1.0,p= 0.003).

Conclusions

The seminar implemented in this study helped increase the residents’ motivation to learn about respiratory care and improved knowledge of MV management in a short time. In particular, the flipped classroom may promote the efficiency of education on MV management.
Standard RUTF vs. locally-made RUSF for acutely malnourished children: A quasi-experimental comparison of the impact on growth and compliance in a rural community of Pakistan
Authors: Sarfraz Azza , Ahmed Sheraz , Muhammad Sajid , Rehman Najeeb , Soomro Sanam Iram , Qureshi Khaliq , Jakhro Sadaf , Umrani Fayaz , Greene Adam , Syed Sana , Moore Sean R. , Ali Syed Asad
Published: July 2023

Background

The reduction in severe and moderate acute malnutrition (SAM and MAM) rates in Pakistan has been sub-optimal compared to other low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Specially-formulated products have been designed globally to manage SAM and MAM, such as ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) and ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF), with variable efficacies. RUTF is primarily produced and patented in industrialized countries, raising supply challenges in resource-constrained regions with a high burden of acute malnutrition. RUSF minimizes costs by using locally-available ingredients while providing similar nutritional value. In this study, we compared the efficacy, side effects, and compliance of two months of supplementation with either RUTF or RUSF.

Methods

Children aged nine months in the rural district of Matiari, Pakistan, with a weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) <-2 received either RUTF (500 kcal sachet) for two months in 2015 or RUSF (520 kcal sachet) for two months in 2018.

Results

The RUSF group had a higher height gain and mid-upper arm circumferences (MUAC) score. Higher compliance was noted with lower side effects in the RUSF group. A higher compliance rate did correlate with the growth parameters in respective groups.

Conclusion

Our study found that both RUTF and RUSF partially improve the anthropometric status of acutely malnourished children, with neither being superior to the other.
Better late than never: Optimising the proteomic analysis of field-collected octopus
Authors: Hua Qiaz Q. H. , Young Clifford , Pukala Tara L. , Martino Jasmin C. , Hoffmann Peter , Gillanders Bronwyn M. , Doubleday Zoe A.
Published: July 2023

Proteomics, the temporal study of proteins expressed by an organism, is a powerful technique that can reveal how organisms respond to biological perturbations, such as disease and environmental stress. Yet, the use of proteomics for addressing ecological questions has been limited, partly due to inadequate protocols for the sampling and preparation of animal tissues from the field. Although RNAlater is an ideal alternative to freezing for tissue preservation in transcriptomics studies, its suitability for the field could be more broadly examined. Moreover, existing protocols require samples to be preserved immediately to maintain protein integrity, yet the effects of delays in preservation on proteomic analyses have not been thoroughly tested. Hence, we optimised a proteomic workflow for wild-caught samples. First, we conducted a preliminary in-lab test using SDS-PAGE analysis on aquaria-reared Octopus berrima confirming that RNAlater can effectively preserve proteins up to 6 h after incubation, supporting its use in the field. Subsequently, we collected arm tips from wild-caught Octopus berrima and preserved them in homemade RNAlater immediately, 3 h, and 6 h after euthanasia. Processed tissue samples were analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to ascertain protein differences between time delay in tissue preservation, as well as the influence of sex, tissue type, and tissue homogenisation methods. Over 3500 proteins were identified from all tissues, with bioinformatic analysis revealing protein abundances were largely consistent regardless of sample treatment. However, nearly 10% additional proteins were detected from tissues homogenised with metal beads compared to liquid nitrogen methods, indicating the beads were more efficient at extracting proteins. Our optimised workflow demonstrates that sampling non-model organisms from remote field sites is achievable and can facilitate extensive proteomic coverage without compromising protein integrity.
Variability of clinical chemical and hematological parameters, immunological parameters, and behavioral tests in data sets of the Mouse Phenome Database
Authors: Aigner Bernhard , Heumann Christian
Published: July 2023

The use of mice as animal models in biomedical research allows the standardization of genetic background, housing conditions as well as experimental protocols, which all affect phenotypic variability. The phenotypic variability within the experimental unit determines the choice of the group size which is necessary for achieving valid and reproducible results. In this study, the variability of clinical chemical and hematological parameters which represent a comprehensive blood screen of laboratory mice, as well as of immunological parameters and behavioral tests was analyzed in data sets which have been submitted to the Mouse Phenome Database for mouse strains which are predominantly used in biomedical research. Most of the clinical chemical and hematological parameters–except of some parameters being known for their high variability–showed an average coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation / mean) below 0.25. Most immunological parameters measured in blood samples had a CV between 0.2 and 0.4. The behavioral tests showed a CV between 0.4 and 0.6, or higher. In addition, a large range of the CV was found for most parameters/tests between and within the selected projects. This clearly demonstrates the appearance of unpredictable major interactions between genotype, environment and experiment regarding the variability of the parameters and tests analyzed.
Seven naturally variant loci serve as genetic modifiers of Lamc2jeb induced non-Herlitz junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa in mice
Authors: Sproule Thomas J. , Philip Vivek M. , Chaudhry Nabig A. , Roopenian Derry C. , Sundberg John P.
Published: July 2023

Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is a group of rare genetic disorders that compromise the structural integrity of the skin such that blisters and subsequent erosions occur after minor trauma. While primary genetic risk of all subforms of EB adhere to Mendelian patterns of inheritance, their clinical presentations and severities can vary greatly, implying genetic modifiers. The Lamc2jeb mouse model of non-Herlitz junctional EB (JEB-nH) demonstrated that genetic modifiers can contribute substantially to the phenotypic variability of JEB and likely other forms of EB. The innocuous changes in an ‘EB related gene’, Col17a1, have shown it to be a dominant modifier of Lamc2jeb. This work identifies six additional Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) that modify disease in Lamc2jeb/jeb mice. Three QTL include other known ‘EB related genes’, with the strongest modifier effect mapping to a region including the epidermal hemi-desmosomal structural gene dystonin (Dst-e/Bpag1-e). Three other QTL map to intervals devoid of known EB-associated genes. Of these, one contains the nuclear receptor coactivator Ppargc1a as its primary candidate and the others contain related genes Pparg and Igf1, suggesting modifier pathways. These results, demonstrating the potent disease modifying effects of normally innocuous genetic variants, greatly expand the landscape of genetic modifiers of EB and therapeutic approaches that may be applied.
Exercise improves the outcome of anticancer treatment with ultrasound-hyperthermia-enhanced nanochemotherapy and autophagy inhibitor
Authors: Chiang Chi-Feng , Wang Zi-Zong , Hsu Yu-Hone , Miaw Shi-Chuen , Lin Win-Li
Published: July 2023

It has been shown that exercise has a direct impact on tumor growth along with functional improvement. Previous studies have shown that exercise decreases the risk of cancer recurrence across various types of cancer. It was indicated that exercise stimulates the immune system to fight cancer. Previous study demonstrated that pulsed-wave ultrasound hyperthermia (pUH) combined with PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) and chloroquine (CQ) inhibits 4T1 tumors growth and delays their recurrence. In this study, we investigated if the combinatorial treatment with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with pUH-enhanced PLD delivery and CQ improved the outcome. The mouse experiment composed of three groups, HIIT+PLD+pUH+CQ group, PLD+pUH+CQ group, and the control group. HIIT+PLD+pUH+CQ group received 6 weeks of HIIT (15 min per day, 5 days per week) before 4T1 tumor implantation. Seven days later, they received therapy with PLD (10 mg/kg) + pUH (3 MHz, 50% duty cycle, 0.65 W/cm2, 15min) + CQ (50 mg/kg daily). Results showed that HIIT+PLD+pUH+CQ significantly reduced the tumor volumes and brought about longer survival of tumor-bearing mice than PLD+pUH+CQ did. Blood cell components were analyzed and showed that neutrophil and reticulocytes decreased while lymphocytes increased after exercise.
Utilization of antiretroviral therapy services and associated factors among adolescents living with HIV in northern Uganda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Odongo Innocent , Arim Barbara , Ayer Patrick , Murungi Tom , Akullo Susan , Aceng Docus , Oboke Henry , Kumakech Edward , Obua Celestino , Auma Anna Grace , Nyeko Richard
Published: July 2023

Background

Suboptimal utilization of antiretroviral therapy (ART) services remains a problem among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries, which has a negative impact on their response to treatment and increases the risk of developing resistance. Optimal use is essential to enhancing treatment efficacy. We investigated the optimal use of ART service and predictors among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in northern Uganda.

Methods

We used a cross-sectional study design to collect quantitative data from 293 ALHIV at three health facilities in Lira municipality, northern Uganda. We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire and data abstraction form. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23 software. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions were performed to determine the relationship between the predictor and outcome variables. Statistical significance was determined at P-value<0.05 and the adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used.

Results

The level of utilization of ART services was suboptimal among 27.6% (81/293) of the participants, and only 63.1% (185/293) were virally suppressed. Of the participants who were optimally utilizing ART services, the majority 86.8% (184/212) were virally suppressed. Age 10–14 years (aOR = 3.34), the presence of both parents (aOR = 1.85), parental and peer reminders (aOR = 2.91) and (aOR = 0.49) respectively, and being on ART for five years or less were the characteristics related with optimal utilization of ART services.

Conclusions and recommendations

Not all ALHIV used ART services to their full potential. However, factors such as participants’ age, the presence of both parents, reminders from parents and peers, and being on ART for some time were all related to the optimal use of ART services. There is a need for developing strategies to increase family and peer support with a focus on older adolescents if the 95-95-95 goal is to be achieved in this age group.
The yield of procalcitonin and Interleukin-6 in predicting intraamniotic infection in the presence of intrapartum fever: A pilot study
Authors: Ehrlich Zvi , Magen Sophia , Alexandroni Heli , Glik Itamar , Grisaru-Granovsky Sorina , Reichman Orna
Published: July 2023

Intrapartum fever (IF) accompanied by either maternal or foetal tachycardia, elevated WBC, or purulent discharge is classified as "suspected triple 1", the hallmark of intraamniotic infection (IAI). Poor specificity of the clinical diagnosis of IAI results, in retrospect, in the unnecessary treatment of most parturients and neonates. We studied the yield of specific acute phase reactants (APRs): procalcitonin, CRP, IL-6, in detecting bacterial IAI among parturients classified as "suspected triple 1" (cases) compared to afebrile parturients (controls). Procalcitonin, CRP, and IL-6 were all significantly elevated in the cases compared to the controls, yet this by itself was not sufficient for an additive effect in detecting a bacterial infection among parturients clinically diagnosed with "suspected triple 1", as demonstrated by the poor area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of all three APRs.
Pasión por el trabajo y compromiso organizacional en profesionales que trabajan con personas migrantes: aproximación en entidades españolas
Authors: Morilla-Luchena Aleix , Vázquez-Aguado Octavio
Published: July 2023

Introducción. Las investigaciones sobre la realidad de la inmigración suelen centrarse en las condiciones de vida y trabajo de esta población, la percepción de la misma en las sociedades receptoras o aspectos que facilitan o dificultan su participación e integración social. Pocas son, sin embargo, las investigaciones que analizan la realidad de las personas que trabajan con los colectivos migrantes. Metodología. Este artículo analiza la pasión por el trabajo y el compromiso organizacional en el desempeño de su trabajo en un contexto a veces hostil y, frecuentemente, en condiciones difíciles desde el punto de vista laboral. Se ha trabajado en una muestra de 171 trabajadores/as (126 mujeres, 43 hombres y 2 participantes de la muestra que optaron por no indicar su sexo), analizando su compromiso organizacional y pasión por el trabajo. Resultados. Se presentan los estadísticos descriptivos para las variables pasión por el trabajo (armoniosa y obsesiva) y compromiso organizacional (afectivo, normativo y calculado), así como los análisis en relación a las variables sociodemográficas, y por último, los resultados de las distintas correlaciones bivariadas entre las variables. Discusión. El hecho de encontrar para estas entidades “pro-migrantes”, un valor elevado en la pasión armoniosa se considera positivo puesto que dicha pasión refleja el deseo de participar libremente en el trabajo. Además, se valora positivamente el hecho de que la pasión obsesiva tiene una media no muy elevada. Haber obtenido puntuaciones elevadas en el compromiso afectivo es coherente con las características de un ámbito como el social, donde es frecuente que puedan crearse vínculos de afecto. Conclusiones. Los datos evidencian que, si bien estos factores podrían considerarse como protectores, se debe explorar con mayor profundidad otros factores y su influencia para promover un buen clima laboral que redunde en la consecución de los objetivos de las entidades que los/as emplean.
Estrés parental y pobreza multidimensional en madres y padres chilenos
Authors: Blanco Castro Viviana Del Carmen , Cova Solar Félix , Campillo Toledano Claudia
Published: July 2023

Introducción. Hoy en día existe una mayor conciencia de las desigualdades presentes en la sociedad, lo que ha llevado a ampliar el concepto de pobreza tradicional, y con ello, a la generación de nuevas y más integrales formas de medición de la misma, como lo es la medición de pobreza multidimensional. No obstante, a pesar de los avances que esto ha significado, la propuesta deja fuera aspectos relacionales importantes que son necesarios de considerar por los graves efectos de la pobreza en la vida de las personas, en especial de niños y niñas, provocados en parte, por el estrés crónico que la misma tiene el potencial de generar en las figuras cuidadoras. A razón de lo anterior, esta investigación se propuso establecer la relación existente entre el estrato socioeconómico, como medida tradicional de medición, y de la pobreza multidimensional, con el estrés parental. Metodología. Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo de corte transversal con una muestra de madres y padres chilenos (n=180), seleccionados por medio de un muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas, que respondieron preguntas sobre su situación socioeconómica y presencia o ausencia de carencias vinculadas a la medición de pobreza multidimensional, junto a la escala Parental Stress Index en su versión reducida (PSI-SF). Resultados. Los resultados de las correlaciones y regresiones lineales múltiples realizadas, mostraron que en la medida que aumenta el porcentaje de pobreza multidimensional, tiende a aumentar el estrés parental. Cuando la pobreza multidimensional está en interacción con el género, tipo de hogar y número de hijos y/o hijas, el modelo aumenta su bondad de ajuste logrando predecir un mayor porcentaje del puntaje de estrés parental. Al aumentar el porcentaje de pobreza multidimensional, quienes presentan un puntaje más elevado de estrés parental son las participantes de género femenino que no viven con sus hijos y/o hijas y que tienen tres hijos y/o hijas, seguido de quienes son de género femenino, que viven en hogares extensos biparentales y que tienen tres hijos y/o hijas. El efecto de un elevado porcentaje de pobreza multidimensional sobre el estrés parental es mayor en las entrevistadas que presentan como característica ser de género femenino, pertenecientes a un hogar biparental extenso y que tienen tres hijos y/o hijas. Discusión. Se discuten los resultados en torno a la importancia de los hallazgos y la relación de estos en base a otra evidencia científica disponible. Conclusión. Se aprecia que la relación de la pobreza multidimensional con estrés parental es más extendida que la de estrato socioeconómico, y un papel importante en la explicación de la misma tiene la presencia de otras variables sociodemográficas, especialmente tipo de hogar y número de hijos y/o hijas.
La formación ética en el Grado en Trabajo Social de las universidades españolas
Authors: Cuenca Silvestre Mercedes , Román Maestre Begoña
Published: July 2023

Introducción. El Trabajo Social comprende, además de competencias teóricas, metodológicas y técnicas, una serie de competencias éticas. La ética no es una cuestión añadida al Trabajo Social, sino parte irrenunciable del mismo ya desde sus inicios. Una formación ética sólida durante la etapa universitaria que contemple la ética profesional resulta imprescindible para que, aprendiendo a reflexionar críticamente sobre la disciplina y el tipo de profesionales que quieren ser, las estudiantes la puedan incorporar, de forma explícita y normalizada, en su futuro quehacer profesional. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la formación ética que están recibiendo actualmente las estudiantes del Grado en Trabajo Social en las Universidades españolas, valorando si se ofrecen los contenidos que garanticen un desempeño ético de la profesión o, por el contrario, si es necesario hacer adaptaciones para que efectivamente la formación sea de utilidad en los contextos donde intervienen. Metodología. La metodología ha consistido en la identificación de las universidades donde se imparte la titulación (37), el análisis de las Guías o Planes docentes de la asignatura de ética (28) incluidas en los Planes de estudio de Trabajo Social y, por último, la realización de cinco entrevistas a docentes universitarias especializadas en la materia. Resultados. Los resultados evidencian que gran parte de la formación ética en Trabajo Social se centra explícitamente en la Deontología, detectándose una alarmante ausencia de contenido relacionado con la dimensión pragmática. Así mismo, destaca que la atención a la dimensión ética del Trabajo Social no está en igualdad de condiciones respecto a la dimensión teórica y metodológica. Discusión. Se muestra que la formación ética del Grado en Trabajo Social en las universidades españolas, tal y como está configurada en la actualidad, es insuficiente para capacitar a las futuras profesionales a que puedan afrontar reflexiva, crítica y responsablemente su quehacer. Conclusiones. Concentrar la valoración ética en los deberes y el seguimiento acrítico de normas, renunciando a la reflexividad, crítica y búsqueda de la excelencia profesional, debilitan y hacen incompleta la formación ética en el Grado en Trabajo Social. Se recomienda incrementar, actualizar y diversificar la formación ética de forma que dé cuenta de la complejidad y niveles del razonamiento moral.
Les Espagnols dans la litterature coloniale algerienne: Le sang des races (1899) de Louis Bertrand
Authors: Otmanine Khaled
Published: July 2023

La présence des Espagnols a fait partie intégrante de l’histoire de l’Algérie à différentes époques, certainement pendant la période coloniale française, et a été transmise dans la production littéraire de l’époque. Le roman que nous avons choisi comme étude de cas pour cet article, Le sang des races, est un document qui reflète l’image de cette présence vers la fin du xixe siècle, un groupe humain au sein de la société coloniale qui participe à la construction d’un pays anthropologiquement complexe, et y a vécu les meilleurs et aussi les pires moments.
Hubungan Interdependensi Indonesia-China di Tengah Ketegangan Laut Natuna Utara
Authors: Farras Ahmad Naufal
Published: July 2023

Relations between Indonesia and China have existed for more than 70 years. Throughout the history of relations between the two countries, there have been ups and downs. In 1967 Indonesia suspended diplomatic relations with China. It took Indonesia 23 years to re-open diplomatic relations with China. Furthermore, Indonesia and China began to build a more cooperative relationship. However, in 2009 tensions resurfaced after China claimed unilaterally that the North Natuna Sea was part of China based on their historical maps. Interestingly, even though there were territorial disputes, Indonesia and China continued to cooperate. This study aims to analyze the reasons why Indonesia has continued to maintain cooperative relations with China until now, even though Indonesia is in an unfavorable position in the dispute over the North Natuna Sea area. This study uses the theory of interdependence by Nye which is then analyzed using qualitative research methods. This article argues that the mechanism of economic cooperation will increase the common security and stability in the region.
Mundane Circular Economy Policy: Peta Kebijakan dan Kriteria Sekolah Sirkular di Level Pendidikan Dasar
Authors: Yuana Suci Lestari
Published: July 2023

This research introduces the concept of "Mundane Circular Economy Policy" (MCEP) in the study of International Political Economy (IPE) and explains how this paper relates to broader IR issues such as sustainability, global economic dynamics, and global education policies. The research methodology employed is Multi Criteria Mapping, which analyzes complex and uncertain issues like Circular Schools. Through the participation of 22 primary school principals in Central Java, three outputs were generated from this research: (1) a map of circular school policies, highlighting 58 policy initiatives that implement the 5R principles (Reduce, Rethink, Reuse, Repair, Recycle); (2) a map of assessment criteria for circular policies; and (3) a mapping of optimism and pessimism in implementing the 5R principles in circular schools. These outputs have significant implications within the context of IPE, as they demonstrate how schools can act as agents in creating economically and politically sustainable environments.
Diplomasi Digital dan Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia: Resensi Buku
Authors: Al Putra Ferdian Ahya
Published: July 2023

Buku ini membicarakan mengenai konsep diplomasi yang diterapkan di era digital. Pembahasan pada buku ini mengaitkan dengan kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia serta memfokuskan pada penerapannya di Indonesia yang mengarah pada konteks diplomasi ekonomi. Diplomasi digital atau diplomasi di era digital seringkali dikaitkan dengan situasi saat ini dimana diplomasi dilakukan dengan cara yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan model diplomasi tradisional. Buku ini menekankan bahwa kehadiran diplomasi digital di sini bukan untuk menggantikan diplomasi tradisional, melainkan untuk melengkapi atau memperkuat kinerja negara dalam hubungan internasional atau dalam konteks diplomasi tradisional. Ini berarti bahwa diplomasi dapat dilakukan untuk mempengaruhi berbagai pihak, yang bahkan tidak pernah mengunjungi kedutaan sekalipun.
Analisis Penggunaan Lahan Budidaya Ikan di Kawasan Minapolitan Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat
Authors: Wijanarko Ugeng , Barus Baba , Yulianda Fredinan
Published: July 2023

Kawasan minapolitan Kabupaten Bogor di Kecamatan Ciseeng, Parung, Gunung Sindur, dan Kemang telah berkontribusi terhadap produksi ikan nasional dan perekonomian daerah. Meskipun demikian, kawasan ini juga mengalami tekanan karena letaknya yang berada di sekitar DKI Jakarta yang semakin berkembang dan semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan lahan untuk permukiman dan pendukungnya. Upaya menjaga produksi ikan di kawasan minapolitan dilakukan dengan menggunakan lahan budidaya yang lebih efisien pada lahan budidaya yang memenuhi syarat karakteristik lahan untuk budidaya ikan dan selaras terhadap RTRW Kabupaten Bogor tahun 2016-2036. Skenario penggunaan lahan tahun 2028 yang terbaik adalah dengan mengimplementasikan peraturan RTRW secara moderat, dimana penggunaan lahan di kawasan perkotaan diutamakan pada permukiman, namun masih diperbolehkan untuk lahan budidaya ikan.  Skenario ini masih memberikan waktu penyesuaian pembudidaya untuk alih teknologi jika kegiatan budidaya ikan tetap dilakukan di kawasan permukiman. Kegiatan budidaya ikan di kawasan permukiman (urban agriculture) dapat memperpendek rantai distribusi pemasaran, sehingga lebih efisien.
Assessment and creativity through a translingual lens: transdisciplinary insights
Authors: Campbell Madeleine , Rosenhan Claudia
Published: July 2023

Outcomes-oriented assessment in translingual language education carries with it the necessary definition of the object of learning and the concomitant verifiability or construct validity of the means of assessment. At the same time, pedagogies for multilingual creativity should ideally seek to identify dimensions that effectively reflect their intended outcome. While reflection and critical thinking increasingly form part of criteria for assessment in language education at all levels, the assessment of these dimensions in relation to creativity has proved more intractable, due in part perhaps to the potentially stifling effect of assessing an elusive quality that is valued for fostering affective engagement with individuals’ unique identity and lived experience and enabling creativity to achieve transformative learning. Recognizing that translingual language play can be sanctioned in the arts as a way of legitimating and giving voice to minoritized and oppressed populations, can lessons be drawn from different disciplines to rejuvenate assessment in language education, for example by placing some of the onus on learners monitoring their own learning? This paper presents a holistic and inclusive, arts-informed pluridimensional lens on creativity in language education whereby new forms of assessment aim to foster tolerance, diversity and translingual practices in the classroom, while resisting the drive to institutionalize the neo-liberal mandates of the creative economy.
Mild hypophosphatasia may be twice as prevalent as previously estimated: an effective clinical algorithm to detect undiagnosed cases
Authors: González-Cejudo Trinidad , Villa-Suárez Juan Miguel , Ferrer-Millán María , Andújar-Vera Francisco , Contreras-Bolívar Victoria , Andreo-López María Carmen , Gómez-Vida José María , Martínez-Heredia Luis , González-Salvatierra Sheila , de Haro Muñoz Tomás , García-Fontana Cristina , Muñoz-Torres Manuel , García-Fontana Beatriz
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Since the prevalence of hypophosphatasia (HPP), a rare genetic disease, seems to be underestimated in clinical practice, in this study, a new diagnostic algorithm to identify missed cases of HPP was developed and implemented.

Methods

Analytical determinations recorded in the Clinical Analysis Unit of the Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio in the period June 2018 – December 2020 were reviewed. A new clinical algorithm to detect HPP-misdiagnosed cases was used including the following steps: confirmation of persistent hypophosphatasemia, exclusion of secondary causes of hypophosphatasemia, determination of serum pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) and genetic study of ALPL gene.

Results

Twenty-four subjects were selected to participate in the study and genetic testing was carried out in 20 of them following clinical algorithm criteria. Eighty percent of patients was misdiagnosed with HPP following the current standard clinical practice. Extrapolating these results to the current Spanish population means that there could be up to 27,177 cases of undiagnosed HPP in Spain. In addition, we found a substantial proportion of HPP patients affected by other comorbidities, such as autoimmune diseases (∼40 %).

Conclusions

This new algorithm was effective in detecting previously undiagnosed cases of HPP, which appears to be twice as prevalent as previously estimated for the European population. In the near future, our algorithm could be globally applied routinely in clinical practice to minimize the underdiagnosis of HPP. Additionally, some relevant findings, such as the high prevalence of autoimmune diseases in HPP-affected patients, should be investigated to better characterize this disorder.
Mapping environment-focused social media, audiovisual media and art, in Sweden: How a diversity of voices and issues is combined with ideological homogeneity
Authors: Doudaki Vaia , Carpentier Nico
Published: July 2023

Employing mapping research, this study mapped the populations of environment-focused social media, audiovisual media and art, in Sweden, over a one-year period. The study explored what is being communicated about the environment in Sweden in these fields, by whom, and how it circulates in diverse communicative spaces. The research identified 502 units across the three fields and a multitude of voices addressing environmental issues through these fields. These channels and voices give visibility to diverse topics and perspectives about the environment and human-nature relations. Simultaneously, there is considerable homogeneity, as a majority of the identified social media, audiovisual media and art units clearly align with ecocentric positions that contest the hegemony of anthropocentrism. These ecocentric voices strongly oppose the dominance of human-centered apprehensions of nature that legitimate nature’s exploitation and the drainage of natural resources for economic profit. Instead, they argue for structural changes promoting environmental protection and the rebalancing of human-nature relations.
Promoting clinical reasoning with meta-memory techniques to teach broad differential diagnosis generation in a pediatric core clerkship
Authors: Spahic Harisa , Goplerud Dana , Blatt Carly , Murphy Megan , Golden William Christopher , Pahwa Amit
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Clinical reasoning with generation and prioritization of differential diagnoses (DDx) is a key skill for medical students, but no consensus exists on the best method to teach these skills. Meta-memory techniques (MMTs) may be useful, but the efficacy of individual MMTs is unclear.

Methods

We designed a 3-part curriculum for pediatric clerkship students to teach one of 3 MMTs and provide practice in DDx generation through case-based sessions. Students submitted DDx lists during two sessions and completed pre- and post-curriculum surveys assessing self-reported confidence and perceived helpfulness of the curriculum. Results were analyzed using ANOVA with multiple linear regression.

Results

A total of 130 students participated in the curriculum, with 96 % (125/130) completing at least one DDx session, and 44 % (57/130) completing the post-curriculum survey. On average, 66 % of students rated all three sessions as “quite helpful” (4/5 on 5-point Likert scale) or “extremely helpful” (5/5) without difference between MMT groups. Students generated an average of 8.8, 7.1 and 6.4 diagnoses using the VINDICATES, Mental CT, and Constellations methods, respectively. When controlling for case, case order, and number of prior rotations, students using VINDICATES produced 2.8 more diagnoses than those using Constellations (95 % CI [1.1,4.5], p<0.001). There was no significant difference between VINDICATES and Mental CT (Δ=1.6, 95 % CI [−0.2,3.4], p=0.11) or Mental CT and Constellations (Δ=1.2, 95 % CI [−0.7,3.1], p=0.36).

Conclusions

Medical education should include curricula focused on enhancing DDx development. Although VINDICATES helped students produce the most DDx, further research is needed to identify which MMT generates more accurate DDx.
Characteristics of vitamin D deficiency hypocalcemia inpatient admissions at a single tertiary center
Authors: Bustamante Victoria H. , Estrada Andrea , Merchant Nadia
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Severe 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency can result in life-threatening presentations due to hypocalcemia leading to seizures and cardiac arrhythmias. vitamin D deficiency is a common cause of hypocalcemia and rickets in children; however, there are no recent studies on the burden of inpatient admissions in the United States. Our study aims to describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors of inpatient admissions due to severe hypocalcemia and 25(OH)D deficiency at a freestanding academic children’s hospital.

Methods

A descriptive retrospective chart review was completed on all inpatient admissions from 2016 to 2021 for children 0–18 years of age with corrected calcium <8 mg/dL and 25(OH)D <10 ng/mL during admission.

Results

Thirty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria (74 % Black/African American). Neurological signs described in 49 %, bone abnormalities in 17 % and EKG abnormalities in 42 % of the patients. The mean calcium serum level was 6.0 mmol/L (range 5.0–7.9 mmol/L), the mean iCa 0.77 mmol/L (range 0.54–0.99 mmol/L). The mean level of 25(OH)D was 5.5 ng/mL (range 2.1–9.7 ng/mL). The median length of stay was 4.5 (range 1–59 days).

Conclusions

In this retrospective observational study, risk factors identified: (1) Black/African American race (2) age less than two years (3) lack of supplementation of vitamin D and (4) dietary restrictions. Inpatient admissions are preventable through the implementation of education at the community and healthcare levels.
Radikalisierung in Sozialtherapeutischen Einrichtungen: Eine Vollerhebung zur Situation in Deutschland
Authors: Hatton Whitney , Moosburner Maeve , Etzler Sonja , Rettenberger Martin
Published: July 2023

Obwohl das Thema Radikalisierung im deutschen Justizvollzug in den letzten Jahren an Relevanz gewonnen hat, gibt es immer noch vergleichsweise wenig empirisches Wissen über die Anzahl an und Versorgung von Extremist*innen in Einrichtungen des Justizvollzugs. Die vorliegende Studie erfasste den aktuellen Stand hinsichtlich Radikalisierungstendenzen in allen N = 71 sozialtherapeutischen Einrichtungen (SothEn) in Deutschland. Dabei wurde davon ausgegangen, dass die SothEn durch ihr integratives Behandlungskonzept Radikalisierungstendenzen frühzeitig erkennen und bearbeiten. Das Thema Radikalisierung war für etwa die Hälfte der SothEn relevant, wobei diese meist keinen Schwerpunkt auf bestimmte Arten der Radikalisierung legten. Insgesamt fanden sich nur relativ wenige Personen, die den Kategorien der Gefährder, Sympathisanten und Gefährdeten in den SothEn zugeordnet wurden. In mehr als zwei Drittel aller SothEn wurde ein differenzierteres Diagnose- bzw. Prognoseverfahren hinsichtlich der Radikalisierungstendenzen durchgeführt, dies größtenteils über externe Organisationen. Für Gefangene waren mehrheitlich Deradikalisierungsmaßnahmen vorhanden, wobei auch hier auf externe Angebote zurückgegriffen wurde. Eine Evaluation der Deradikalisierungsmaßnahmen fand allerdings nur selten statt. Die Ergebnisse wurden vor dem Hintergrund bestehender »Best-Practice-Ansätze« diskutiert und deuten auf eine besondere Eignung Sozialtherapeutischer Einrichtungen für die Arbeit mit Gefährdern, Sympathisanten und Gefährdeten hin.
Freedom: An African Perspective
Authors: Omolewa Michael , Nwachukwu Ruphina U.
Published: July 2023

This paper offers a comprehensive discussion on the concept of Africa and freedom, freedoms in indigenous Africa, literacy and freedom from external forces, freedom under colonial rule, the role of World War II, decolonization and the Independence Movement in Africa, independent African and new challenges for freedom and finally a way forward.
Über Freiheit – im pädagogischen Sinn
Authors: Benner Dietrich
Published: July 2023

Der Beitrag gliedert sich in drei Abschnitte. Der erste unterstreicht die Aktualität des Themas mit Verweis auf Forderungen der Kinderrechtsbewegung und Erkenntnisse der Hirnforschung und bringt einen Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts geführten Diskurs über die Ableitbarkeit oder Nicht-Ableitbarkeit der Erziehung aus empirischer Anthropologie und Praktischer Philosophie in Erinnerung. Der zweite stellt philosophischen Erörterungen der Freiheitsthematik, die seit der Antike die Erziehungstatsache ausgeblendet haben, einen praxistheoretischen Begriff der Freiheit im pädagogischen Sinn gegenüber, der zwischen Willensfreiheit, Willensbildung und Freiheit vom Willen unterscheidet. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Ausblick auf Zusammenhänge von Bildsamkeit, Erziehung und Freiheit, die für pädagogische Anschlussreflexionen zur Kinderrechtsbewegung und praxistheoretische Interpretationen von Ergebnissen der Hirnforschung bedeutsam sind.
Recht und Freiheit – Ein juristischer Blick
Authors: Heger Martin
Published: July 2023

Freiheit ist in der Rechtsordnung kein ungeregelter Zustand und damit eben kein grenzenloses Alleskönnendürfen in einem theoretischen Naturzustand. Umgekehrt bewirkt im Regelfall erst die Normierung von Freiheitsrechten einerseits ihre gerichtliche Durchsetzbarkeit, markiert aber andererseits auch die Grenzen tatsächlich gleicher Freiheit für alle Bürger in einem Rechtsraum. Das gilt heute für die nationale wie europäische Ebene. Freiheitsrechte bilden in liberalen Verfassungsstaaten den Kern der Grundrechtsordnung, sind aber heute mit Gleichheitsrechten und der Menschenwürde verwoben. Dabei kann die soziale Durchsetzung von Freiheitsverbürgungen für alle gelegentlich das individuell verstandene Recht auf Freiheit und Eigentum zurückdrängen.
Freely Associated Production as a Political Ideal
Authors: Rector Tully
Published: July 2023

This paper offers a brief account and defense of freely associated production as a political ideal. I discuss its conceptual structure, specifying what is meant by free association in terms of economic production, the sense in which it is a value for political order, and its approximate place in an historical lineage of reflection on freedom. Given that our economic arrangements are constitutively determined by law and public policy, and involve relations of governing power, the values that legal authority must subserve bear directly on the productive sphere. One of those values – arguably the highest – is relational freedom. Reigning structures of production violate its demands. Without understanding the ways in which that violation occurs, we cannot effectively address some of our most urgent social crises.
Tracking the Observations of Volume Deformation of Concrete under Sulfate Attack through 3D Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Wu Jiang , Ke Qianqian , Wei Jiangxiong , Hu Jie , Zhu Wen , Huang Haoliang
Published: July 2023

In this study, three-dimensional digital image correlation was used to characterize the nonuniform volume deformation of concrete under sulfate attack. Based on the test and results, it was determined that the displacement distribution of the concrete exposed to sulfate attack was inhomogeneous, and the expansion of the concrete in the sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution was greater than that in magnesium sulfate (MgSO4). Thus, the distribution of nonuniform expansion and the mechanisms of sulfate attack were identified. Notably, sample expansion did not increase linearly with the content of hydrates such as ettringite and gypsum. The volume expansion of the concrete in the Na2SO4 solution grew slowly when the content of corrosion products was low and developed rapidly with further increases in corrosion products. The volume expansion of the concrete in the MgSO4 solution grew slowly with low corrosion product content, and then the volume expansion slowed down with the accumulation of corrosion products.
The Materializing Rhetorics of Early Music
Authors: Gibson Jonathan
Published: July 2023

Ever since Pierre Schaeffer’s admonition in his Traité des objets musicaux of 1966 to avoid “preoccupations about how things are made” by “turning our backs on the instrument” and “listening to sound objects with their instrumental causes hidden,” materially oriented studies of sound have attended increasingly to sound objects and to ontologies of sound broadly, often turning away from considerations of the tactile materiality of sound sources. Deviating from this trend, this study focuses squarely on sound source materiality, and on our motivations for either foregrounding or dismissing it in our verbal, visual, and sonic rhetorics.

As a case study, I turn to the Early Music movement, understood here as a constellation of cultures invested in the consumption and historically informed production of mostly European music written before c.1750. Seeking to distance themselves from the classical music mainstream, this movement’s participants have often adopted rhetorical stances that foreground and celebrate the materiality of sound sources, particularly instruments and their constituent parts. Rooted partly in the assumption that instruments may act as material conduits to imagined historical soundscapes, these materializing rhetorics are also born out of affinities among producers and consumers of Early Music for musical works whose poetics are themselves bound up in materiality—and in turn, for particular instruments whose sounds tend to animate such poetics. Selected theories of Michel Chion, Roland Barthes, and others are invoked in an effort to situate the verbal, visual, and sonic materializing rhetorics of Early Music cultures within broader discussions of sound source materiality.
A tale of two inhibitors: diarylquinolines and squaramides
Authors: Chen James , Ekiert Damian C
Published: July 2023

The diarylquinoline bedaquiline (BDQ) is an FDA‐approved drug for the treatment of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis that targets the mycobacterial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, a key enzyme in cellular respiration. In a recent study, Courbon et al (2023) examine the interaction between Mycobacterium smegmatis ATP synthase with the second generation diarylquinoline TBAJ‐876 and the squaramide inhibitor SQ31f, showing that both drugs prevent the rotatory motions needed for enzymatic function.
MOV10 recruits DCP2 to decap human LINE‐1 RNA by forming large cytoplasmic granules with phase separation properties
Authors: Liu Qian , Yi Dongrong , Ding Jiwei , Mao Yang , Wang Shujie , Ma Ling , Li Quanjie , Wang Jing , Zhang Yongxin , Zhao Jianyuan , Guo Saisai , Liu Zhenlong , Guo Fei , Zhao Dongbing , Liang Chen , Li Xiaoyu , Peng Xiaozhong , Cen Shan
Published: July 2023

Long interspersed element 1 (LINE‐1) is the only active autonomous mobile element in the human genome. Its transposition can exert deleterious effects on the structure and function of the host genome and cause sporadic genetic diseases. Tight control of LINE‐1 mobilization by the host is crucial for genetic stability. In this study, we report that MOV10 recruits the main decapping enzyme DCP2 to LINE‐1 RNA and forms a complex of MOV10, DCP2, and LINE‐1 RNP, exhibiting liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) properties. DCP2 cooperates with MOV10 to decap LINE‐1 RNA, which causes degradation of LINE‐1 RNA and thus reduces LINE‐1 retrotransposition. We here identify DCP2 as one of the key effector proteins determining LINE‐1 replication, and elucidate an LLPS mechanism that facilitates the anti‐LINE‐1 action of MOV10 and DCP2.
Grey Water Footprint of Contaminants of Emerging Concern from Wasterwater in Sava River Basin
Authors: Ansorge Libor , Stejskalová Lada , Soldán Přemysl
Published: July 2023

Water pollution by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) causes risks to both the environment and human health. We assessed water pollution by CECs in the Sava River basin in two monitoring campaigns carried out in May and July 2017. The grey water footprint (GWF) is a tool that converts the level of pollution by particular substances into the volume of water needed for dilution to a harmless level. Therefore, it can serve as an indicator for comparing various pollutants. The results show that substances that determine the GWF differ in individual locations. The highest value of the GWF was associated with 17β-estradiol, however, found only in one wastewater sample. The study showed that the value of the GWF in individual locations fluctuates and does not depend on the size of the wastewater treatment plant from which the wastewater is discharged. At selected wastewater treatment plants, a sustainability assessment was carried out using the Water Pollution Level indicator. The values in all cases were below the level of 1.0, indicating sustainable discharge; only in two cases did values reach the defined threshold to question the potential of non-sustainable discharge. The study contributes to earlier studies on the GWF and enlarges knowledge regarding the GWF of CECs.