bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Magnetization Behavior of Glass-Coated Amorphous Ferromagnetic Microwires
Authors: Su Fei , Wang Xiaoyan
Published: March 2013

In this paper, two relevant problems are investigated. First, the residual stresses within glass-coated amorphous ferromagnetic microwires (AFMWs) subjected to thermal expansion mismatch and magnetostriction effect are analyzed using the finite element method; the effects of various design parameters (e.g., the thickness of the glass cover) on the residual stress are discussed as well. Then, based on the theory of micromagnetics, the magnetization states of AFMWs under the collective effects of stress and external axial magnetic field are analyzed. It has been found that the magnetization of AFMWs with negative saturation magnetostriction from −0.1 × 10−6 to −0.3 × 10−6 is sensitive to stress change, and external magnetic field of the proper amplitude can help to increase this sensitivity. This study should provide guidance on the optimal design of glass-coated AFMWs and their potential applications in tunable microwave composites and stress sensors.
Massive sulfate attack to cement-treated railway embankments
Authors: ALONSO E.E. , RAMON A.
Published: March 2013

Two access embankments to a railway bridge, having a maximum height of 18 m, experienced a continuous and severe heave shortly after construction. Vertical displacements reached 120 mm in a 2-year period. The embankments were designed, by including soil–cement-treated transition wedges, to provide an increasingly rigid support as the trains approach the stiff bridge abutments. A grid of 10 m deep jet-grouting columns was also built, with the purpose of stabilising the embankments. Instead, a sustained swelling deformation, which extended to depths of 8–10 m, was activated. The compacted soil was low-plasticity clayey material, with a variable percentage of gypsum. The embankments suffered a massive ettringite–thaumasite attack, which was triggered by the simultaneous presence of cement, clay, sulfates and an external supply of water (rain). The paper describes the field extensometer and inclinometer records, the long-term laboratory tests performed, some mineralogical observations and the reactions leading to the growth of expansive crystals, and presents a model that simulates the measured heave. Forces acting against the bridge, which was seriously damaged, were estimated. Remedial measures include removal of the active upper zone of the embankments, and the construction in stages of slabs supporting the rails and founded on piles built on both sides of the embankments. The case is considered unique because of the magnitude of the reaction developed in the embankments, and its damaging action on the nearby bridge structure.
Implant–Buccal Plate Distance as Diagnostic Parameter: A Prospective Cohort Study on Implant Placement in Fresh Extraction Sockets
Authors: Capelli Matteo , Testori Tiziano , Galli Fabio , Zuffetti Francesco , Motroni Alessandro , Weinstein Roberto , Del Fabbro Massimo
Published: March 2013

Background:The aim of this study is to investigate contour changes around immediate implants in fresh extraction sockets when different grafting procedures are performed, based on the distance between the external implant collar and the bony surface on the buccal plate (I‐BP). A secondary aim is to assess the esthetic outcome via the implant esthetic score (IAS).

Methods:This prospective cohort study was performed in three centers. Suitable patients to undergo implant placement in fresh extraction sockets were selected. Periodontal biotype, horizontal and vertical peri‐implant bone defects, and dehiscences were assessed. Depending on I‐BP, two types of grafting procedures were performed. In group A (I‐BP <4 mm), only the peri‐implant gap was grafted during the surgical phase (internal grafting [IG]), whereas group B (I‐BP ≥4 mm) received both internal and external grafting (IEG). Master casts of the sites, made before implant placement and after 1 year of loading, were optically scanned. A computerized analysis of the contour changes at the involved sites was performed by superimposing the scanned models.

Results:A total of 20 patients (eight males and 12 females) were recruited, and 20 non‐submerged implants were placed in fresh extraction sockets. No implant failed during the observation period. The mean follow‐up was 25 months (range: 12 to 37 months). After 1 year of loading, group A showed a slight decrease in mean buccal volume, whereas group B had an increase in volume (P= 0.02). IAS was higher for group B than group A.

Conclusions:When implants are placed immediately after tooth extraction, I‐BP may represent a useful diagnostic parameter in choosing the most appropriate grafting procedure (IG versus IEG). In clinical cases in which the distance between implant surface and the buccal plate is <4 mm, the combination of internal and external grafting (IEG) is recommended to maintain the volume and the contour of the ridge and achieve a successful esthetic outcome.
Mowing Height and Genotype Influence on Carbohydrate Content of Buffalograss
Authors: Peterson K. W. , Wegner C. J. , Amundsen K. L. , Gaussoin R. E. , Schacht W. H. , Horst G. L. , Shearman R. C.
Published: March 2013

Determination of total nonstructural carbohydrate levels in turf‐type buffalograss [Buchloë dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] genotypes as influenced by mowing height has not been previously investigated. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of buffalograss genotype and mowing height on total nonstructural sugar and starch content during the growing season. The study was conducted at the John Seaton Anderson Turfgrass Research Facility located near Mead, NE. Cultivars Legacy and Prestige along with selections NE‐2979 and NE‐2964 from the buffalograss breeding program at the University of Nebraska were studied. The genotypes were mowed at 1.6 and 5.0 cm. Sugar and starch content trends were similar, but differences in carbohydrate concentration among genotypes were observed. NE‐2964 exhibited the greatest sugar content, 6.37% at 5‐cm mowing height, and NE‐2979 the lowest sugar content, 1.75% at 5‐cm mowing height. Legacy exhibited the greatest starch content, 12.6% at 5‐cm mowing height, and NE‐2979 the lowest starch content, 1.3% at 5‐cm mowing height. Surprisingly, mowing height had little effect on sugar or starch levels of buffalograss. Genotype was the greatest source of variation for sugar and starch content, indicating that different genotypes partition or allocate carbohydrates differently. These results show the seasonal carbohydrate content variations among buffalograss genotypes and provide some insight as to why those changes occur.
Diversity of Maize Kernels from a Breeding Program for Protein Quality: I. Physical, Biochemical, Nutrient, and Color Traits
Authors: Jaradat Abdullah A. , Goldstein Walter
Published: March 2013

It is a challenge to breed maize (Zea mays L.) varieties with enhanced levels of protein, oil, starch, and essential amino acid contents while maintaining competitive agronomic capability. We used multivariate statistical procedures to quantify total diversity and its components for 31 physical, biochemical, nutrient, and color traits of 1348 accessions from 13 maize populations. The germplasm belonged to stiff and non‐stiff stalk heterotic groups at different stages of inbreeding and with opaque or translucent kernel endosperm. Cluster, principal components, and variance components analyses resulted in separating populations and traits into statistically different groups and helped to identify physical and color traits that may be useful for selecting accessions with high protein, amino acid, oil, and nutrient contents. We identified correlative relationships between groups of biochemical and nutrient traits linked to certain populations or physical or kernel color traits. Diversity analysis revealed variable relationships between and within total diversity and its components depending on kernel physical, biochemical, nutrient, and color traits. Sources of variation in and amount of variation attributed to total diversity for each of these traits were identified and quantified. Populations and genotypes within populations were identified as sources of variation for multiple kernel quality traits that can be used in developing high‐quality maize varieties.
Single Locus, Multiallelic Inheritance of Erucic Acid Content and Linkage Mapping of FAE1 Gene in Yellow Mustard
Authors: Javidfar Farzad , Cheng Bifang
Published: March 2013

With our objective to develop inbred lines as synthetic components in yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.), we have isolated different erucic acid variants. The genetic basis of variation in erucic content was investigated using the four variants Y517, Y496, Y1130, and Y514 with high (approximately 50%), medium (approximately 24%), low (approximately 1.4%), and zero (<0.1%) erucic contents, respectively. The segregation of this trait in the BC1F1 and F2 populations of the two crosses Y514 × Y496 and Y514 × Y517 indicated that it was under monogenic control with partial dominance for the high content. To test the allelism of the genes for high, medium, and low erucic contents, crosses were made among Y517, Y496, and Y1130, respectively. The erucic content was also controlled by one gene and no transgressive segregant of zero erucic phenotype was observed in the resulting F2 populations. Therefore, it was concluded that the genes for high, medium, low, and zero erucic contents were different alleles of the same locus. Accordingly, we designated the erucic alleles in Y517, Y496, Y1130, and Y514, as “E1,” “E2,” “E3,” and “e,” respectively. The regional linkage maps of the high erucic gene FAE1.E1 and the medium erucic gene FAE1.E2 were constructed using intron length polymorphism markers. The two genes FAE1.E1 and FAE1.E2 were mapped to the same chromosomal position, further confirming the single locus, multiallelic control of erucic content in yellow mustard.
Effects of Dietary Phosphate Restriction and Phosphate Binders on FGF23 Levels in CKD
Authors: Isakova Tamara , Barchi-Chung Allison , Enfield Gwen , Smith Kelsey , Vargas Gabriella , Houston Jessica , Xie Huiliang , Wahl Patricia , Schiavenato Eva , Dosch Austin , Gutiérrez Orlando M. , Diego Jorge , Lenz Oliver , Contreras Gabriel , Mendez Armando , Weiner Rory B. , Wolf Myles
Published: March 2013

Background

Elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes in patients with CKD. Reducing dietary phosphate intake or absorption may decrease FGF23 levels, but data on the combined effects of dietary phosphate restriction and phosphate binders in CKD are limited.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In this 2×2 factorial, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, 3-month study, conducted between July 2009 and March 2012, 39 patients with CKD stages 3 or 4 and normal serum phosphate levels were randomly assigned to one of four groups: ad libitum diet plus lanthanum carbonate (LC) placebo (n=10), 900-mg phosphate diet plus LC placebo (n=10), ad libitum diet plus LC (n=11), or 900-mg phosphate diet plus LC (n=8). The dose of LC was 1000 mg three times daily with meals. Dietary restriction was accomplished with outpatient counseling. The primary end point was change in FGF23 levels from baseline.

Results

Compared with ad libitum diet, the 900-mg phosphate diet did not significantly reduce FGF23 levels (diet × time interaction, P=0.05). Compared with placebo, LC alone also did not significantly reduce FGF23 levels (LC × time interaction, P=0.21). However, the dual intervention significantly decreased FGF23 levels throughout the study period (diet × LC × time interaction, P=0.02), resulting in a 35% (95% confidence interval, 8%–62%) reduction by study end.

Conclusion

The combination of LC plus counseling for a phosphate-restricted diet decreased FGF23 levels in patients with CKD stages 3−4 and normal serum phosphate levels.
Occlusal plane canting reduction accompanies mandibular counterclockwise rotation in camouflaging treatment of hyperdivergent skeletal Class II malocclusion
Authors: Ye Rui , Li Yu , Li Xue , Li Juan , Wang Jue , Zhao Sen , Zhao Zhihe
Published: March 2013

Objective

To investigate the occlusal configurations of the hyperdivergent skeletal Class II malocclusion and their alterations during the camouflaging treatment in an attempt to identify occlusal changes that might be related to mandibular counterclockwise rotation.

Materials and Methods

Cephalograms of 126 subjects with hyperdivergent skeletal Class II malocclusion and 126 subjects with a clinically normal skeletal pattern were chosen. Several measurements were calculated and compared between the groups. To examine the effects of treatment, two groups were established according to mandibular rotation: counterclockwise rotation (CCR) and the opposite clockwise rotation (CR). After 40 subjects were excluded, the other 86 Class II subjects were assigned to CCR (n  =  22) and CR (n  =  64). Their pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and postretention (T3) cephalograms were obtained. Measurement changes (T3-T1) were analyzed in each group and compared between groups.

Results

Compared with the normal skeletal pattern, the cant of the occlusal plane (OP) of the study subjects was significantly steeper and the vertical heights of the incisors were significantly larger for the malocclusion. Compared with the changes in CR, there was a prominent reduction of the OP canting with remarkable intrusion of the maxillary incisor in CCR.

Conclusion

Increased OP canting with overerupted incisors is evident in the hyperdivergent skeletal Class II malocclusion. During the camouflaging treatment, reduction of OP canting could occur. It was accompanied by mandibular counterclockwise rotation and intrusion of the maxillary incisor.
Calculation and analysis of the loss and heat on damper bars in large tubular hydro-generator
Authors: Liao Yong , Fan Zhen-Nan , Han Li , Xie Li-Dan
Published: March 2013

In order to research the losses and heat of damper bars thoroughly, a multislice moving electromagnetic field-circuit coupling FE model of tubular hydro-generator and a 3D temperature field FE model of the rotor are built respectively. The factors such as rotor motion and non-linearity of the time-varying electromagnetic field, the stator slots skew, the anisotropic heat conduction of the rotor core lamination and different heat dissipation conditions on the windward and lee side of the poles are considered. Furthermore, according to the different operating conditions, different rotor structures and materials, compositive calculations about the losses and temperatures of the damper bars of a 36 MW generator are carried out, and the data are compared with the test. The results show that the computation precision is satisfied and the generator design is reasonable.
Analysis of Spatial Diversification of Economic Growth Level in Powiats of Dolnośląskie Voivodship
Authors: Chądzyńska Elżbieta
Published: March 2013

Intensive economic and urban processes which take place in Polish urbanized area have a significant impact on the changes of structure of territorial units, their functional development and demographic processes. Development of individual units is dependent on many factors like the location, demographic potential and economics. In the area of one voivodship – there are powiats with a various potential of development. As a subject of research powiats in the area of the Dolnośląskie Voivodship are selected. Taxonomic methods were used for the classification and grouping of powiats as a spatial objects tested in the multidimensional space of characteristics. The aim of the paper is to present the spatial variation in the level of development in the light of selected factors.
Prolific Inventor Productivity and Mobility: A Western/Asian com-parison. Evidence from US Patent Data for 12 Countries
Authors: Le Bas Christian , Latham William , Volodin Dmitry
Published: March 2013

This paper provides new insights into the role of individual inventors in the innovation process. Individuals are central in this creative process because innovation is not simply a product of firms and organizations; it requires individual creativity (Rothaermel and Hess, 2007). We focus our analysis on prolific inventors (a rich sub category of inventors) because they contribute so hugely to national invention totals (Le Bas et al., 2010) and tend to produce inventions that have more economic value (Gambardella et al., 2005; Gay et al., 2008). Converging empirical evidence has established the significance of prolific inventors (Ernst et al., 2000). Previous studies of prolific (or “key”) inventors have focused more on the firms in which they work or on the industries in which the firms operate. Narin and Breitzman’s (1995) seminal work on the topic is based on an analysis of only four firms in a single sector and a recent paper by Pilkington et al. (2009) uses only two firms. In contrast to these studies on small samples, we use a very large data set which includes thousands of inventors in thousands of firms from several countries.
Spatially Integrated Social Research and Official Statistics: Methodological Remarks and Empirical Results on Local Development
Authors: Okrasa Włodzimierz
Published: March 2013

This paper aims to elucidate some aspects of confluence of the developments in modern methods of spatial analysis and in the public statistics’ data generating processes, along with empirical illustration of these interconnections from the development policy evaluation standpoint. Especially, how the growing availability of data at the finest level of territorial division (such as commune/gmina-level data within the Local Data Bank system) may improve decisional processes at the regional and local level, while paying special attention to allocation of resources assuming geographic system of targeting public support or intervention. Three interrelated questions that are empirically treated in the context of both β-convergence and σ-convergence issues at the local level involve (i) measurement of the level of local (under)development /local deprivation; (ii) assessment of how responsive and equitable are distributive policies in the domain of area-addressed public resources; and (iii) evaluation of their impacts in terms of convergence and social cohesion, which are among chief objectives of development policy (especially in the ‘new’ EU member states).
Comparative Analysis of the Level of Knowledge-based Part of Economies in European Union Countries with KAM Methodology
Authors: Strożek Piotr
Published: March 2013

The article presents regional classification of EU countries according to the knowledge development of economy, which in these days is treated as fundamental factor of international competitiveness. This differentiation created with Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) and Knowledge Index (KI), which are use by The World Bank in Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM). In the analysis used four main pillars (i.e. The Economic Incentive and Institutional Regime, The Innovation System, Education and Human Resources, Information and Communication Technology), which showed relation between individual components. The purpose of this article is to identify disparities in the use of knowledge in socio-economic life in the EU countries. This research was conducted with use of the cluster analysis (tools belonging to multidimensional comparative analysis).
Fish herpesvirus diseases: a short review of current knowledge
Authors: Lepa Agnieszka , Siwicki Andrzej Krzysztof
Published: March 2013

Fish herpesviruses can cause significant economic losses in aquaculture, and some of these viruses are oncogenic. The virion morphology and genome organization of fish herpesviruses are generally similar to those of higher vertebrates, but the phylogenetic connections between herpesvirus families are tenuous. In accordance with new taxonomy, fish herpesviruses belong to the family Alloherpesviridae in the order Herpesvirales. Fish herpesviruses can induce diseases ranging from mild, inapparent infections to serious ones that cause mass mortality. The aim of this work was to summarize the present knowledge about fish herpesvirus diseases.
Continuing Education: My Life as a Historian
Authors: Taylor C.J.
Published: March 2013

Abstract:

C.J. Taylor's memoir begins with a brief account of his formative undergraduate years at Simon Fraser University in the 1960s and describes some of his experiences as a graduate student at Carleton University in the 1970s and 1980s. Much of the memoir is devoted to his years working as a Parks Canada historian between 1974 and 2009. He became interested in the history of the historic sites program while writing agenda papers and plaque texts for the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada. After moving to Calgary in 1989 he became involved in national parks history, primarily the mountain parks of Banff, Jasper, Waterton Lakes, Yoho, and Kootenay, but also the new west coast park of Gwaii Haanas.
European Veterinary Public Health Specialization: Post-graduate Training and Expectations of Potential Employers
Authors: Alonso Silvia , Dürr Salome , Fahrion Anna , Harisberger Myriam , Papadopoulou Christina , Zimmerli Urs
Published: March 2013

Residents of the European College of Veterinary Public Health (ECVPH) carried out a survey to explore the expectations and needs of potential employers of ECVPH diplomates and to assess the extent to which the ECVPH post-graduate training program meets those requirements. An online questionnaire was sent to 707 individuals working for universities, government organizations, and private companies active in the field of public health in 16 countries. Details on the structure and activities of the participants' organizations, their current knowledge of the ECVPH, and potential interest in employing veterinary public health (VPH) experts or hosting internships were collected. Participants were requested to rate 22 relevant competencies according to their importance for VPH professionals exiting the ECVPH training. A total of 138 completed questionnaires were included in the analysis. While generic skills such as “problem solving” and “broad horizon and inter-/multidisciplinary thinking” were consistently given high grades by all participants, the importance ascribed to more specialized skills was less homogeneous. The current ECVPH training more closely complies with the profile sought in academia, which may partly explain the lower employment rate of residents and diplomates within government and industry sectors. The study revealed a lack of awareness of the ECVPH among public health institutions and demonstrated the need for greater promotion of this veterinary specialization within Europe, both in terms of its training capacity and the professional skill-set of its diplomates. This study provides input for a critical revision of the ECVPH curriculum and the design of post-graduate training programs in VPH.
Design and Validation of a Simulator for Equine Joint Injections
Authors: Fox Victoria , Sinclair Charlotte , Bolt David M. , Lowe John , Weller Renate
Published: March 2013

Joint injections are commonly used in equine practice for diagnosis and treatment of joint disorders. Performing joint injections is hence an essential skill for equine practitioners. However, opportunities for veterinary students to practice this skill are often scarce in veterinary curricula. The aim of this study was to design and validate an equine joint injection simulator. We hypothesized that the simulator will enhance student ability and confidence in performing joint injections. The simulator was constructed around an equine forelimb skeleton with soft tissues rebuilt using building foam and rubber bands. An electrical circuit including a buzzer, a battery, wire wool in the joints, and a hypodermic needle at the end of the cable was incorporated. If the students placed the needle into the joint correctly, instant auditory feedback was provided by the buzzer. To validate the simulator, 45 veterinary students were allocated to three groups: cadaver limb, textbook, or simulator. Students' ability to perform joint injections was tested and students' opinions were evaluated with a questionnaire. The proportion of students performing a metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint injection correctly was significantly higher in the cadaver (93%) and simulator (76%) groups compared to the textbook group (50%). There was no significant difference between groups for performing a distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint injection correctly. Students rated the learning experience with the cadaver and simulator group high and with the textbook group low. The joint injection simulator represents an affordable teaching aid that allows students to repeatedly practice this skill in their own time with immediate feedback.
Germany as She Really Is
Authors: Foerster
Published: March 2013

It is extremely difficult for foreigners rightly to understand the new German mentality. When the second World War threatened, an Alsatian friend of mine said to me: “The cause of all our present evils is the inability to comprehend the new German mentality, formed and deformed by Prussia.” It has been difficult even for many Germans themselves to foresee what was coming, in spite of the fact that Hitlerism was only the logical result of a century of German deviation from the true spirit of German history. Unhappily, foreign opinion about Germany has been greatly influenced by émigrés who underestimated in an almost incredible manner the force and vitality of the Nazi revolution and psychological preparedness of the German people for it. The same happened after the Russian revolution and after the great French Revolution. As to current foreign opinion about the present state of mind in the German people, it is still influenced by many dangerous illusions which avert our eyes from the deciding realities of German life.
Drama
Authors: Milne
Published: March 2013

Reviews of drama published in Canada in 1941.
In Memoriam
Authors: Cody
Published: March 2013

Even though the Charter of King's College was granted in 1827, and teaching began in 1843, the life of the University of Toronto is comparatively short. As I sit at my desk in the President's office, I lift my eyes to see the portraits of my predecessors. Bishop Strachan was the first President of King's, but his functions were more administrative than academic. Dr McCaul was the first active head of University College. I attended his funeral in my first year at the University and saw him in his coffin. His son-in-law, Maurice Hutton, was my revered classical instructor, whose funeral service I conducted but a short time ago. Sir Daniel Wilson was President during my college days, and Dr James Loudon, his successor, held the chair of Physics. Next to these hangs the photograph of my immediate predecessor, Sir Robert Falconer, whose recent passing we mourn, but for whose short final illness we are thankful. Our Chancellor's memory goes back to the time when the name of the institution was changed from King's College to the University of Toronto. His one life spans its whole story.
Religion and Scholarship
Authors: Taylor
Published: March 2013

There are times when we disengage ourselves from our pragmatic attitude to men and things and direct our thoughts to the manner of life of those who by the sheer power of personal worth keep strong our faith in moral and spiritual values. In this respect the life of Sir Robert Falconer has peculiar significance both for those of us in the University who served under or with him and also for the large number of persons and institutions touched by him in his varied relations—national, international and ecclesiastical. The study of his contributions to our religious thought and life is only one aspect of a life that was singularly woven in one piece. The legacy of what he has written in the field of New Testament and related studies brings to view the mainspring of the creative forces in his character and those principles which governed him in the execution of his academic and public duties and determined his choice of the interest and the movements with which he associated himself.
Chronological Bibliography
Authors: Wales Katherine
Published: March 2013

A chronological bibliography of the works of Sir Robert Falconer. It does not include his presidential reports and the reports of boards and committees on which he served.
Tennyson, Browning, and a Romantic Fallacy
Authors: Stevenson Lionel
Published: March 2013

One of the most revealing phenomena in literary history is the transition between generations. Each batch of neophyte authors is confronted with a psychological dilemma. Are they to accept their elders as models and gratify a ready-made public demand by conforming to all the established techniques and taboos? Thus did the generation of Pope inherit from Dryden, and the generation of Johnson from Pope. Or are they to embark upon a spectacular revolution, openly defying the sanctions of seniority and setting up strange new idols? Thus did the romantic generation rebel against the neo-classical.
Canada's Manpower Policy
Authors: Martin, M.P. Paul
Published: March 2013

Jeb Stuart, the famous cavalry commander in the Confederate forces, once gave his formula for winning battles as “gittin' thar fust with the mostest.” In his own colloquial way Jeb was stating a vital principle. He referred, of course, to numbers of trained soldiers; today we have to think largely in terms of volume and quality of war materials and equipment. The central problem of the nation in wartime, however, still remains that of manpower.
The Near East Today and Tomorrow
Authors: Taylor
Published: March 2013

At the outset of a discussion of the Near East it is necessary to define the lands that are covered by this general geographical term, since there is some want of uniformity in its application. The Oxford Dictionary defines the Near East as the south-eastern part of Europe, i.e., the Balkan states together with Asia Minor; it defines the Middle East as the south-western countries of Asia. This definition reflects the point of view and the usage in the political language of Europe. But on this side of the Atlantic the practice is to follow the universal usage of students of Eastern cultures and languages in defining the Near East as those lands contiguous to the southeastern shores of the Mediterranean, along with Asia Minor and Arabia, while the term Middle East is applied to Iraq, Persia and Afghanistan.
Reviews
Authors: Collin  , Gustafson Ralph , Norwood Gilbert , Knox  , Barker Arthur
Published: March 2013

E. K. Brown, On Canadian Poetry, reviewed by W. E. Collin

Archibald Lampman, At the Long Sault and Other New Poems, reviewed by W. E. Collin

A. J. M. Smith, ed., The Book of Canadian Poetry: A Critical and Historical Anthology, reviewed by Ralphn Gustafson

George E. Duckworth, The Complete Roman Drama: All the Extant Comedies of Plautus and Terence, and the Tragedies of Seneca, in a Variety of Translations, reviewed by Gilbert Norwood

Theodore Spencer, Shakespeare and the Nature of Man, reviewed by R. S. Knox

Louis B. Wright, Religion and Empire: The Alliance between Piety and Commerce in English Expansion, 1558–1625, reviewed by Arthur Barker
Two Canadian Poets: A Lecture by Archibald Lampman
Authors: Lampman Archibald
Published: March 2013

The following lecture is the most extended piece of literary criticism by Archibald Lampman yet to appear. It contains notable ideas aoout the nation and the national literature, expresses a many-sided judgment of Sir Charles Roberts, which will surprise those who have thought of the poets born in the sixties as a group of like-minded men, and closes with an enthusiastic tribute to George Frederick Cameron, whose fame has been under a long eclipse.
French-Canadian Letters
Authors: Collin
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian books published in 1943.
Reviews
Authors: Woodhouse  , Hughes Merritt , Norwood Gilbert , MacDonald
Published: March 2013

Logan Pearsall Smith, Milton and His Modern Critics, reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse

English Poems of John Milton, reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse

C. S. Lewis, A Preface to Paradise Lost, reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse

E. M. W. Tillyard, The Action of Comus, reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse

Robert Graves, The Story of Marie Powell: Wife to Mr. Milton, reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse

Malcolm MacKenzie, Milton's Royalism: A Study of the Conflict of Symbol and Ideas in the Poems, reviewed by Merritt Y. Hughes

T. R. Glover, Cambridge Retrospect, reviewed by Gilbert Norwood

Carl J. Weber, Hard of Wessex: His Life and Literary Career, reviewed by J. F. MacDonald

David Cecil, Hardy the Novelist: An Essay in Criticism, reviewed by J. F. MacDonald

George Wilbur Meyer, Wordsworth's Formative Years, reviewed by J. R. M.

George Harris Healey, ed., Wordsworth's Pocket Notebook, reviewed by J. R. M.
The Future of Unity in Canada: Two Views
Authors: Turcotte Edmond , Sandwell
Published: March 2013

The QUARTERLY has asked two distinguished Canadian editors to discuss a problem vital to the future of Canada. M. Edmond Turcotte, editor of Le Canada, canvasses from the point of view of a French-speaking Canadian the difficulties and possibilities of future unity between the two races. Mr. B. K. Sandwell, editor of Saturday Night, discusses the same problem from the point of view of an English-speaking Canadian. Each writer has been given an opportunity to comment briefly on the views expressed by the other.
Publication in the Ancient World
Authors: Beare Frank
Published: March 2013

The publication of literature through the medium of the book is a development which makes its appearance relatively late in the history of human culture. For many centuries after writing was invented, men communicated their thoughts and gave their poems and stories to their fellows vocally; the singer, the herald, and the orator were the only publishers. Works of literature were composed and published, but not in writing; and books were written but not published. Even in societies which were capable of high cultural achievement over a period of several thousand years book-publication was virtually unknown. Now it so happens that while the history of the book and the history of literature have often been described, little attention has ever been given to the history of publication. This article is an attempt to enquire into the rise and development of the practice, chiefly in the societies of the Near East, which are the forerunners of the modern civilization of the West.
Trends in Canadian Art
Authors: Alford John
Published: March 2013

The question of the kind and value of the relation of Canadian art and culture to the art and culture which impinge on the consciousness of Canadians from without the borders of Canada has been discussed intermittently and with varying bias since the speeches of Lord Lorne in 1879 and 1880 advocating and commemorating the foundation of the Royal Academy. An initial willing cultural tutelage gave way to a period of increasingly assertive national independence in the first decades of the present century, when the still outstanding work of Canadian art was accomplished; The issue continues in hot debate, particularly “on the air,” with the assumption that, in contrast to the nature of scientific, technical, and economic trends, which no one supposes can or should be peculiar to Canada or uniquely Canadian, art should be in some way uniquely representative or expressive of a Canadian spirit, and that what it derives from circumstances that are not peculiarly Canadian is inimical to the development of a genuinely Canadian culture.
François Mauriac and the Classical Tradition
Authors: Carter
Published: March 2013

To the pessimistic observer, the collapse of France in 1940 removed her literature from the contemporary to the historic plane. Her authors assumed something of the marble dignity of Greece and Rome—witnesses of what had been and was no longer. Other books would of course be written: something called France still existed. But the shadow of the library lay heavy upon her great writers. They had descended into the stacks, along with Virgil and Aeschylus to be exhumed in after years by the patient scholar, curious of an age the world had forgotten. There was almost a kind of logic in it: French civilization, by its very brilliance, seemed out of place and doomed amidst the ferocious ideologies of the twentieth century; and that the worst fears were not realized is surely an extraordinary proof of the vitality of the French literary tradition. Whatever ignominy the nation may have endured during the dark period of German occupation, her literature emerges from it with added lustre. Despite censorship, persecution, and the hundred miseries of conquest, the writers of France continued throughout to hold the attention of the world. Books by Valéry and Gide were not wanting; Le Crève-Cœur provided the best war poetry our tremendous modern conflicts have thus far occasioned; and François Mauriac published yet another novel.
Intellectual Freedom and Political Co-operation
Authors: Wright
Published: March 2013

Representative democracy, as we know it, is an outgrowth of modern political liberalism which proposes to find a basis for government in the intellect and will of individual citizens. It assumes that the thinking of every man goes on in a social medium, and that it involves a continuous interchange of information and opinion which can be relied upon to produce a sufficient measure of agreement among fellow-citizens on questions of national policy and the goals of national effort. Accordingly, we say that in a democracy the governing force is public opinion which results from the collective thinking of fellow-citizens. In the heated discussions of the political campaign, such opinion crystallizes, and is given recorded expression in the vote. Its formation and expression proceed at all times, however, facilitated by the newspaper and periodical press, by public speeches and debates, and by the talk which goes on without ceasing among friends and acquaintances, in families and various local groups. It is therefore consistent with the democratic conception of government to understand the political freedom for which the United Nations have fought, as a freedom primarily intellectual, the right of the individual citizen to liberty of thought and investigation, of utterance and published statement, of party preference and secret ballot.
Pacific Peace Aims
Authors: Cowie Donald
Published: March 2013

At the end of 1943 President Roosevelt, Mr. Churchill, and Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek met in Cairo and resolved: (1) that China should eventually have restored to her all her lost lands from Manchuria to Formosa and the Pescadores; (2) that Korea should regain her ancient independence; and (3) that “Japan should be stripped of all the islands in the Pacific which she has seized or occupied since the beginning of the first world war in 1914.”
Stephen Leacock as a Man of Letters
Authors: Sedgewick G. G.
Published: March 2013

The task of determining an author's “place” in literature is at best uncertain and thankless. It is hard enough when the subject is centuries old, and in the case of Stephen Leacock it is impossible: critics, especially Canadian critics, are still too close to him in place and time. For a reasonably assured “determination”, we shall have to wait two or three decades. This inquiry, therefore, must be taken as experimental and completely “subjective”, although it may often appear to speak with the authority of scribes; and since it has no pretension to such authority, it has been cast in a deliberately informal mode. What is more, I have only a fragmentary knowledge of Leacock's life and have had no access to a great deal of his uncollected writings. Consequently I cannot discuss his “psychology” or, his “social consciousness”, as it has been fashionable to do; nor should I be competent to discuss such things, if the data were available to me: These confessions, I hope, will give sufficient warning about the nature of this piece. It may still be proper for a student of literature to consider Leacock's books in an old-fashioned way.
Morality in the Forsyte Saga
Authors: Grove Frederick Philip
Published: March 2013

The age of which Galsworthy wrote is dead. Here and there, of course, there are remnants of it remaining; but as a static society it is gone and buried. It was one of its characteristics that it considered itself as static, as the ultimate flowering of a whole civilization beyond which no progress was possible; when they, the Forsytes, a generation of middlemen, fundamentally parasites, had, from middle-class people, become the upper class, displacing what they themselves called “land,” they thought themselves the ne-plus-ultra of a development that had started as the industrial revolution; and when the changes came which took their final impulse from the War of 1914, they vanished as a class, making room for a harder and at the same time softer generation.
The RCAF in Newfoundland
Authors: MacKinnon M.H.M
Published: March 2013

The major contributions of the RCAF in the war just ended were the provision of training facilities in Canada for many thousands of Allied airmen, and the maintenance of a large overseas air force, as part of the RAF and in the form of RCAF squadrons. Quite rightly most of the publicity has been given to these enterprises, since they were of first-line importance. Some notice should be taken however of the “home war” commands, on the East and West Coasts. The airmen and airwomen who served in these less dangerous areas had all volunteered for service anywhere in the world; they had no choice in the matter of where they went and consequently they often feel themselves unfairly discriminated against for having no overseas service. In addition to giving proper credit to them, this article is intended to help keep the record straight by describing exactly what the Canadian Air Force accomplished in one particular area of operations. There is no desire to disparage the work of other services or other nations; it is clear however that the RCAF will not be given due credit unless Canadians write about the subject. FinallY, it is felt that the Canadian taxpayer is entitled to a better understanding of the use that was made of his money. With these general purposes in mind, the work of the RCAF in Newfoundland and Labrador will be outlined. Many of the activities carried on in this area were also carried on throughout the Maritimes, and, with certain differences, on the West Coast also. The Newfoundland-Labrador area is selected because the writer spent two years there with the RCAF, and because the Canadians there were working in partnershlp with American and British forces, and can thus be compared with those forces.
Milton's Visual Imagination: An Answer to T.S. Eliot
Authors: MacKenzie Phyllis
Published: March 2013

Probably no major English poetry is further removed in point of technique from twentieth-century poetry than is John Milton's. It is not surprising, therefore, that Milton should be attacked by many modern poets and critics who convince themselves that he has not written great poetry because he has not written in the way that they would have him write. Thus, in his “Note on the Verse of John Milton,” Mr. T. S. Eliot declares, “At no period is the visual imagination conspicuous in Milton's poetry,” or again, “Milton may be said never to have seen anything”— simply because Milton's descriptive technique, like his whole poetic design, is different from Eliot's own and from that of the poets he most admires.
A Canadian Disciple of François Mauriac: Robert Charbonneau
Authors: McAndrew Allan
Published: March 2013

French-Canadian literature has been too frequently rejected as an uninspired mosaic of poems and novels grouped around Les Anciens Canadiens, L'Hiro n delle, Maria Chapdelaine, and The Golden Dog, better known as Le Chien d'or. As recently as 1936 A. R. M. Lower dismissed French-Canadian literature as “a matter of romantic novels, tepid poetry, or stylistic criticism.” Professor Felix Walter corrected this view with his observation that “from the turn of the century at any rate, French-Canadian novelists, poets, and critics have been marching steadily away from the ‘romantic’ the ‘tepid,’ and the ‘stylistic.*rsquo;” The point of view of the French-Canadian critics regarding their literature would find, I think, its most measured expression in Maurice Hébert. M. Hébert is of the opinion that, while in its ensemble French-Canadian literature merits respect, it is by no means transcendent. During the past ten years interesting works have appeared. Ringuet's Trente Arpents, for example, has achieved a considerable degree of popularity outside Canada. Publication in Paris gave the book the possibility of wide circulation. Ringuet, indeed, owes a debt of gratitude to the Quebec editors who took no interest in his novel. Robert Charbonneau believes, nevertheless, that there is as yet no artistic tradition in Canada: the writer who seeks perfection, he says, does so only because his self-respect demands it.
Poland at the Crossroads
Authors: Garczynski Leon
Published: March 2013

The fact that Poland was the first country to stand up against German aggression, the splendid attitude of the Polish armed forces during the war, and the present propaganda of two rival groups wishing to rule over the country, have brought her problems to the attention of the whole world. Simultaneously, propaganda from these rival groups has obscured the real reasons why Poles are fighting so bitterly among themselves. The truth of the matter is that many people do not know which side is in the right, whether it is “London” or “Warsaw” which should command our sympathy.
Herbert Read: Reason and Romanticism
Authors: Glicksberg Charles
Published: March 2013

It is difficult to believe that Herbert Read's first volume of literary criticism, Reason and Romanticism, was published as far back as 1926. Somehow he has managed to keep intact the freshness of perception, the intensity of statement and feeling, and, what is even more important than these, the independence of judgment which we associate with youth. In Reason and Romanticism, he analysed the hopeless condition of the modern world, a world in which criticism had reached a crisis of scepticism. Criticism had mastered the difficult virtues of clarity, precision, and truth. Though the critical spirit had brought civilization to a state of unprecedented chaos, there was no sense in repudiating it. For the critical spirit, Read still felt, was the highest function man could perform. If the critical spirit could not satisfy the need to create a new unity, then the task was impossible of achievement. In the light of his later development as a writer and its relation to contemporary English and American criticism, this attitude is extremely significant. It is the confession of a sensitive, courageous mind resolved not to surrender the conquests made by reason. Yet his definition, at that time, of the critical spirit as a spirit not essentially negative, a spirit that could co-exist harmoniously with the creative spirit, left the way open for his adoption later of the psychoanalytic doctrines of Freud, the “irrational” cult of Surrealism, and the Marxist system of aesthetics.
The Australian Pocket Library
Authors: Sutherland Bruce
Published: March 2013

The widespread indifference to the fate of Australian books has long been a matter of annoyance to all who are interested in the welfare of Australian letters. The matter has been discussed in anger and in sorrow by the interested few the world over. These voices in the wilderness formed a chorus which kept the subject alive but offered no acceptable solution. With the war came a crystallization of the problem and, under the most adverse conditions, a solution was found that augurs well for the future of Australian classics.