bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restructuring of the UNKVD work in the Kursk Region on the eve of German occupation
Authors: Feklistova Irina V.
Published: June 2023

Importance. Interest in the events of the Great Patriotic War is reinforced both by the complexity and inconsistency of modern processes taking place in Russia and the world, and by the insufficient degree of study of certain topics of this historical period in the country’s modern history. Topics related to the activities of the state security agencies of the USSR are traditionally not studied in detail in historical science. The purpose of study is to reconstruct the historical events that preceded the invasion of German troops into the territory of the Kursk Region, one of the largest regions of the Central Black Earth Region.
Research methods. The study is based on declassified archival materials of the Directorate of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation for the Kursk Region. The materials of the fourth department of the NKVD in the Kursk Region for May–December 1941 are studied.
Results and Discussion. The German aggression against the USSR put before the state and party bodies, both in the whole country as a whole, and at the regional level, the need to restructure all spheres of the country’s life. The features and directions of restructuring the activities of territorial bodies of state security, regional and district party and state bodies on the eve of the German invasion of the territory of the region are studied. Specific measures are considered that were carried out and planned for implementation as the German troops approached the borders of the Kursk Region. Considerable attention is paid to the creation of fighter battalions, the organization of partisan detachments, the deployment of a reconnaissance, agent and sabotage network in the rear of the German troops as they move towards the Kursk Region.
Conclusion. As subsequent events showed, the preparatory measures played a big role in organizing a fairly effective resistance to the German occupation regime in almost all areas of the Kursk Region throughout the entire period of the German occupation of the Kursk region in November 1941 – August 1943.
Picturing Prevalence and Inequalities in Cancer Screening Attendance to Population-Based Programs in Portugal
Authors: Quintal Carlota , Antunes Micaela
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Screening is effective in reducing cancer-related morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of, and income-related inequalities in, screening attendance, in Portugal for population-based screening programs.Methods: Data from the Portuguese Health Interview Survey 2019 was used. Variables included in the analysis were self-reported: mammography, pap smear test, fecal occult blood test. Prevalence and concentration indices were computed at national/regional level. We analyzed: up-to-date screening (within recommended age/interval), under-screening (never or overdue screening), and over-screening (due to frequency higher than recommended or screening outside target group).Results: Up-to-date screening rates were 81.1%, 72%, and 40%, for breast, cervical and colorectal cancer, respectively. Never-screening was 3.4%, 15.7%, and 39.9%, for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, respectively. Over-screening related with frequency was highest for cervical cancer; in breast cancer, over-screening was observed outside recommended age, affecting one third of younger women and one fourth of older women. In these cancers, over-screening was concentrated among women with higher income. Never-screening was concentrated among individuals with lower income for cervical cancer and higher income for colorectal cancer. Beyond the recommended age, 50% of individuals never underwent screening for colorectal cancer and 41% of women never underwent screening for cervical cancer.Conclusion: Overall, screening attendance was high, and inequalities were low in the case of breast cancer screening. The priority for colorectal cancer should be to increase screening attendance.
Arquitetura rural e cultura sertaneja no Rio Grande do Norte
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Araújo Fernanda Santos Gentil , Miguel Jair Diniz ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Published: June 2023

O desenvolvimento dos estudos em Arquitetura rural e suas conexões com as praticas culturais e vivências cotidianas das populações nos sertões nordestinos ainda precisam avançar mais, principalmente nos estudos tipológicos de casas e moradas que se tornaram padrão de habitação no Seridó potiguar. Este trabalho busca introduzir a arquitetura rural pecuarista, levando a reflexão sobre a adaptação da arquitetura européia ao clima e as necessidades locais da colonização portuguesa no Brasil. Como exemplo podemos dizer que a partir do século XVII teve início as povoações (a ocupação das terras pela pecuária se estendeu até as ribeiras dos rios mais distantes alcançando as terras da ribeira do rio Piranhas, na capitania da Paraíba, área que hoje algumas partes pertencem ao Rio grande do Norte), havendo o crescimento de atividades produtivas, principalmente a fabricação de açúcar e a criação de gado. Nesse processo de urbanização os portugueses aproveitaram a experiência nativa e adaptaram os sistemas construtivos e os programas arquitetônicos lusitanos às condições sociais e ambientais em que viviam. Enfim, a arquitetura sertaneja estava coerente com modo de vida local e das dificuldades climáticas e geográficas da caatinga.
O artista e o seu meio social: considerações acerca da pintura auto-retrato com cigarro de Edvard Munch
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Bortulucce Vanessa Beatriz
Published: June 2023

Edvard Munch (1863-1944) utilizou seus próprios conflitos internos como substância da sua arte. Isto não é nenhuma novidade para nós, uma vez que a historiografia da arte constantemente reforça a idéia do artista maldito, corroído pelas desgraças e atormentado psiquicamente. Exemplos deste artista maldito não faltam, e Van Gogh, neste sentido, é o mais conhecido e mencionado. Pensamos neste artista desequilibrado quando olhamos um autoretrato deste último? Ou para o Auto-retrato (ou homem desesperado) de Gustave Courbet? E o que dizer do próprio Munch, que injustamente ainda é reduzido por muitos intelectuais apenas como o autor de O grito?
À sombra de Leon Battista Alberti: a critica de arte em meados do século XVI
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Byington Elisa
Published: June 2023

Nas Vidas dos mais excelentes pintores, escultores e arquitetos de Giorgio Vasari há, em meio à biografia dos artistas, sempre um “auto-retrato embutido” do autor, além do retrato de uma época. Tal aspecto parece se acentuar na segunda edição de 1568, na qual Vasari aumenta o numero de Vidas, incluindo autores vivos e sua autobiografia. A nova configuração do livro desloca a atenção do narrador para o presente e aponta para a necessidade de colocar cada um dos artistas em relação a contemporaneidade. A presente comunicaçao analisa a Vida de Leon Battista Alberti a quem Vasari dedica poucas paginas - nao obstante o lugar por ele ocupado na construçao do mito toscano - nas quais um ou outro elogio superlativo se conjuga a sérias restrições à obra arquitetônica e pictórica do humanista. Alberti é acusado por Vasari de ser predominantemente homem de letras e de gozar de fama imerecida como arquiteto e artista. Ao longo de todo o texto, Vasari insiste na contraposição entre “ciência e teoria” versus “pratica e experiência”, travando uma espécie de corpo a corpo com seu biografado, visando promover um perfil que parece sob medida para si mesmo. Na cirrada disputa contra a fama do Alberti deixa entrever a extrema utilidade da figura do humanista para a discussão do próprio papel de arquiteto factotum e conselheiro do príncipe. De tal observação resulta claro que Alberti - tanto pela atualidade de seus escritos quanto pela ausência de publicações teóricas de análoga estatura, como se lamenta Vasari - não era uma figura com colocação histórica estável no Panteão do glorioso passado de Florença mas era ainda uma presença incômoda.
Graffiti contemporâneo: o consumo assumido
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Cascardo Ana Beatriz Soares
Published: June 2023

O trabalho trata de elementos contextuais que imbricaram no surgimento do fenômeno artístico urbano conhecido como graffiti, tomando como um de seus objetivos a reflexão sobre os elementos históricos e dos processos relacionais citadinos que combinados às questões da juventude transformaram os muros de metrópoles em várias partes do mundo e também no Brasil. Nesse sentido, pretende-se analisar a relação estreita e dicotômica da expressão visual graffiti em elementos considerados patrimônio público ou privado, evidenciando seu caráter de desafio à propriedade configurado em ferramenta de rebeldia que a produção artística pode significar, mostrando como sua dinâmica pode transformar o elemento antes considerado “sujeira” em estética cuja a atualidade admira e consome tanto em mercado massivo como também no mais restrito, como o de galerias e leilões de artes. Concluindo, têm ocorrido mudanças de suportes no graffiti, o qual antes se utilizava apenas dos muros das cidades e que atualmente convive com suas versões tela emoldurada, estampas dos mais variados produtos, trazendo estudo que reflete sobre a interação destas novas formas de apresentação e as consequências de seus elos relacionais para o panorama do graffiti contemporâneo.
Notas para uma distinção entre a noção de artista e de autor
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Coli Jorge
Published: June 2023

Para começar, um trecho, lido há décadas. É extraído de um artigo escrito por Jean-Philippe Chimot sobre Delacroix, e publicado na revista Information de l’Histoire de l’art, de 19641, intitulado “Delacroix e a sociedade de seu tempo”. Ele diz: “Aqui, a noção de linguagem é central. Trata-se de ultrapassar seu sentido exclusivo de “retórica”, do estilo discursivo herdado do classicismo (ou antes, do academismo) para se abrir ao sentido mais largo de “pensamento”, supondo que pode existir um pensamento musical e um pensamento plástico com seus elementos constitutivos de uma natureza diferente das palavras e das frases”.
Os tecidos e sua conservação: interfaces entre a história da arte e da cultura, as teorias de conservação e restauro e os museus
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Coppola Soraya Aparecida Álvares
Published: June 2023

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo primordial apresentar as interfaces lógicas e físicas que podem e devem estabelecer a adaptação entre os sistemas independentes da História da Arte, das instituições museográficas e o universo dos tecidos (produção, comércio, circulação, história e conservação). O estudo das tipologias têxteis e suas variantes (materiais cru, tecnologia empregada, razões de produção e influência de culturas diversas) está vinculado a diversas áreas de conhecimento, se tornando ponto convergente de interesses acadêmicos e de profissionais de áreas diferenciadas. A matéria têxtil, principal produto de comércio desde a antiguidade, se torna, assim, foco de interesses múltiplos, necessitando, então, que seu estudo seja sistematizado por métodos e metodologias de analise técnica, formal e estilística que viabilizem práticas efetivamente produtivas, principalmente, pelos conservadores, restauradores, bem como os historiadores. Esta proposta buscará introduzir uma discussão sobre os estudos dos ornamentos realizados por Alois Riegl, historiador da Escola de Viena, cuja metodologia desenvolvida e aplicada, dedicada em grande parte aos tecidos e tapetes, foi o eixo primordial de influência para a formação da Teoria do Restauro de Brandi, obra basilar para a prática da restauração em todo o mundo.
Sobre o conceito de blank form: uma leitura minimalista de Duchamp
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Corrêa Patricia Leal Azevedo
Published: June 2023

Em 1961, convidado a participar de uma publicação coletiva em homenagem a John Cage, o artista Robert Morris escreveu um texto intitulado Blank Form. Breve, enigmático e sarcástico, esse texto revela, porém, a referência a um terceiro artista, Marcel Duchamp, central para a conformação da cena vanguardista nova-iorquina em que se deram as trocas entre Morris e Cage. Neste artigo pretendemos refletir sobre o conceito de blank form introduzido por Morris, buscando entendê-lo do ponto de vista de uma recepção específica da obra de Duchamp, através do qual Morris deflagrava o que se constituiria a seguir numa estética minimalista. Propomo-nos a pensar blank form como um conceito operativo de uma certa leitura minimalista de Duchamp, ligada à construção histórica deste artista pela geração dos anos 1960 nos Estados Unidos. Ao apresentar e comentar tal conceito – que poderíamos traduzir livremente por forma vazia, branca, neutra ou inexpressiva –, Morris sugere questões que nos parecem cruciais para a identificação do que se convencionou chamar de Duchamp effect na arte contemporânea, especialmente o particular viés cético, até solipsista, enfatizado sob as óticas minimal e pop. Assim, podemos indicar no texto de Morris um desvio da leitura cageana de Duchamp, vigente à época sobretudo através dos happenings e event scores de artistas como Allan Kaprow e George Maciunas, e a produção de uma outra leitura, um novo registro para duas importantes premissas duchampianas: a indiferença do artista e a arte-como-recepção. Esse novo registro da blank form nos ajudaria a compreender a emergência de obras tão distintas quanto as de Robert Morris e Andy Warhol.
Claras invisibilidades: reflexões acerca da obra o importuno de Almeida Junior
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Crivilin Tania Maria
Published: June 2023

A pesquisa Claras invisibilidades: Reflexões acerca da obra O Importuno de Almeida Junior, tem como objetivo identificar elementos representacionais que nos possibilitem fazer um diálogo entre a pintura do final do século 19, o lugar do espectador e o prenúncio de uma arte que se descolará dos modelos europeus. Almeida Junior (1850-1899) conseguiu com a sua obra ultrapassar a barreira da sua época, tornando-se tema relevante para todos que no século 20 procuraram contribuir de alguma forma para a história e o desenvolvimento da arte no Brasil, seja alçando-o ao polêmico lugar de grande introdutor do modernismo no País, seja atribuindo-lhe um lugar menor, porém importante, no cenário de transição do academicismo local. O quadro O Importuno leva-nos a algumas reflexões: Quem está sendo importunado? O artista? A modelo? A arte está importunando a sociedade? O fato é que nesta pintura a modelo para se resguardar do “importunador” protege-se atrás de um cavalete com uma tela. Faz isto para não ser vista por alguém que “chama” a atenção do pintor. A maneira como Almeida Jr. resolveu esta situação, colocando a modelo na parte mais visível da tela, faz do espectador seu cúmplice, onde este a vê com nitidez e não a “importuna”. De quem ele a protege está fora da representação pictórica, mas nos é factível imaginar a sua presença no campo do desejo, assim como se apresenta o espectador.
Mercado de trabalho no Paraná
Authors: Cozero Paula
Published: June 2023

Este artigo investiga as consequências do atual contexto econômico nacional sobre o mercado de trabalho no estado do Paraná, com atenção ao aprofundamento da subordinação político-econômica do País ao capital internacional e à tendência de reprimarização da estrutura produtiva. A partir da contextualização sobre a integração do Paraná na economia nacional e no mercado internacional são analisados indicadores sobre o mercado de trabalho paranaense na última década, considerando variações no tempo e comparações com dados da região Sul e com as médias nacionais. A análise da distribuição dos ocupados por setor econômico, posição da ocupação, categoria de emprego, entre outros indicadores, permite captar tendências como a de aumento das taxas de desocupação, subutilização da força de trabalho e informalidade, e a perpetuação das desigualdades de raça e gênero no estado, ainda que, em geral, os dados do Paraná sejam melhores que as médias nacionais.
Predictors of Adults’ Mental Health During Initial Stage of Covid-19 Pandemic in Croatia
Authors: Boričević Maršanić Vlatka , Prijatelj Krešimir , Raguž Ana , Kavarić Nebojša , Buljan Flander Gordana
Published: June 2023

Besides causing serious threats to people’s physical health and lives, pandemics can lead to psychological distress. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and mental health among adults in Croatia and its association with sociodemographic factors, perceptions of pandemic, locus of control, coping with stress and perceived social support. A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted using a snowball sampling technique. The online survey collected information on sociodemographics, chronic health conditions, self-isolation measure, perception of COVID-19, mental health status, locus of control, coping with stress and perception of social support. Mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A total of 1482 participants (252 males and 1230 females) completed the study. The mean age of the participants was 33.3 ± 12.2 years, 43 % of the participants had elevated levels of anxiety and 18 % suffered from severe and extremely severe anxiety, 33 % had elevated levels of depression and 12 % suffered from severe and extremely severe depression, and 55 % had elevated levels of stress with 13 % suffering from severe and extremely severe stress. The strongest predictors of mental health symptoms were coping with stress, locus of control, and perceived social support. These results highlight the necessity of implementing psychological interventions during the pandemic to improve the mental health of the adults and vulnerable groups in particular that should include identified factors associated with better mental health status such as coping with stress focused on problem, social diversion and social support.
Clinical Aspects of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms in Vascular Dementia
Authors: Yadav Nirad , Suthar Sunil , Jain Sanjay
Published: June 2023

Dementia is a growing problem that presents increasing challenges for health services worldwide. Vascular dementia is the 2nd most common type of dementia after Alzheimer dementia. The aim of the study is to describe the clinical aspects of behavioural and psychological symptoms in patients aged ≥ 60 years diagnosed with vascular dementia. A cross sectional study was carried out in the Psychiatric Centre at tertiary care hospital from Dec 2018 to May 2019 involving elderly (≥ 60 years) with vascular dementia. Patients with other dementia types, condition and medication that stimulate cognitive disturbances were excluded. The tools used were Hindi mini mental status examination (HMSE), Zarit Burden Interview and the 12- item Neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI). All patients presented with two or more behavioural symptoms, Irritability was the most common symptom (80 %) followed by Night-time behaviour (60 %) and Agitation/ aggression (50 %). There was a significant association between Zarit Score and Behavioural Symptoms (p = 0.023), as well as HMSE and Zarit score (p = 0.03). Caregiver burden showed significant correlation with delusion, hallucination, disinhibition, aberrant motor behaviour and night-time behaviour. Most of the patients had multiple behavioural symptoms. Irritability was the most common symptom followed by night-time behaviour and Agitation.
Comparative Effect between Antidepressants and D-phenylalanine, a Phenethylamine Precursor, in an Animal Model of Depression
Authors: Moreno Adaro Oscar Fernando , Berríos Bravo Claudio , Guevara Manuel Alejandro , Mesones Gonzalo , Sabina Leticia , Mulet Daniela , Okasova Ainura , Andrada Ricardo , Gargiulo Ángel José Martín , Gargiulo Mercedes María Lucrecia , Gargiulo Augusto Pascual Ítalo , Gargiulo Marcos Constantino Josué , Velásquez Norman López , Vicente Lafuente José , Landa De Gargiulo Adriana Inés , Mesones Arroyo Humberto Luis , Gargiulo Pascual Ángel
Published: June 2023

A relevant role has been attributed to phenethylamine in depressive disorders. It has been measured in human urine and rat brain in pathological conditions and after drug administration. Furthermore, a clinical correlation has been proposed between urinary elimination and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, its metabolic predecessor, D-phenylalanine, has been used as an antidepressant drug in the treatment of depressive disorders. The use of this amino acid has been realized alone, or in combination with classical antidepressants. In the present study, we tried to characterize its behavioural profile comparing it with imipramine and fluoxetine. Antidepressant drugs have been studied using diverse animal models. We used here the Porsolt test, or Forced Swimming Test (FST), measuring times of climbing, swimming and resting. When a comparison was performed between groups in climbing behaviour, significant differences were observed between imipramine treated group and saline controls (p < 0.05), and imipramine versus fluoxetine and D-phenylalanine (p < 0.01). When swimming was evaluated, clear differences between D-phenylalanine and the other groups were observed (p < 0.001). Additionally, a significant difference was also observed between imipramine and fluoxetine (p < 0.01). When resting was evaluated, high differences between D-phenylalanine versus all other groups were shown (p < 0.001). Observed behavioural profile was according to serotonergic antidepressant drugs effects. It is supported by the fact that swimming behaviours were increased, and a correlative decrease in resting was also present. We conclude that D-phenylalanine showed higher antidepressant potency than other classical antidepressants, at least at the doses used.
Psychometric Properties of a Safety Culture Index among Mental Health Workers in Ghana
Authors: Owusu Sarfo Jacob , Wilson Ansah Edward , Apaak Daniel , Valdece Sousa Bastos Rafael
Published: June 2023

Safety culture among mental health workers is essential, especially in developing countries where workplace safety seems neglected. However, few studies have provided detailed psychometric analyses of convenient safety instruments with practical relevance for the healthcare industry in the Sub-Saharan African context. We sampled 574 (54.4 % females, 45.6 % males) mental health workers from three Specialist Psychiatric Teaching Hospitals in Ghana. Initially, we collected data using adapted items from Edkins and Coakes’ 25-item Airline Safety Culture Index (ASCI). Consequently, we conducted a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using the Diagonally Weighted Least Squares estimator. We also used the item reduction analysis (Gradual Response Model) to reduce the adapted 25-item scale to 11 items (Modified Safety Culture Index, MSCI- 11). Finally, we conducted reliability analyses (alpha and omega) for the MSCI-11. We observed that the data in the CFA showed adequate fit indices [χ2 (df = 44, N = 574) = 223.752, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.975; TLI = 0.968; RM- SEA = 0.084 (CI 90 % 0.074- 0.096); SRMR = 0.063]. The MSCI- 11 is parsimonious and has good reliability estimates [α = 0.853 (95 % CI 0.835 – 0.870) and ω = 0.853 (95 % CI 0.837- 0.087)]. Future studies should use additional cross-validation in other high-risk jobs to generalise the new scale.
Zuranolone
Authors: Peitl Vjekoslav , Vlahović Darko
Published: June 2023

Zuranolone is an oral neuroactive steroid under development by Sage Therapeutics and Biogen (SAGE-217/BIIB125). It is currently being evaluated as a treatment option for postpartum depression (PPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD is one of the most frequent mental disorders; for example, in the United States, it affects more than 8 % of adults every year. On the other hand, PPD is one of the most common medical complications during and after pregnancy and is estimated to affect approximately one in eight women who have given birth. Although clinical presentation of MDD and PPD varies, patients frequently experience feelings of hopelessness, anxiety or sadness which, consequently, affect their quality of life, in terms of ability to work, maintenance of relationships and school attendance. In severe cases, risk of suicide can be substantial. As for the treatment of these disorders, current guidelines include a multitude of approved antidepressants which can help alleviate symptoms for most patients. However, these medications in general require four to six weeks to work. In translation that means patients must endure their symptoms for a month or more after starting a treatment to see if it helps.
HADİS USÛLÜ LİTERATÜRÜNDE İHTİSÂR TÜRÜNÜN KARAKTERİSTİĞİ
Authors: ERDOĞAN Tunahan
Published: June 2023

Hadis usûlünde ilk örneği İbnü’s-Salâh’ın (ö. 643/1245) Ma‘rifetü envâ‘i ‘ilmi’l-hadîs’ine bağlı olarak Nevevî (ö. 676/1277) tarafından ortaya konulan ihtisâr çalışmaları h. VII./m. XIII. yüzyıldan günümüze varlığını kesintisiz biçimde sürdürmektedir. Bu makale ihtisâr müelliflerinin teorik açıklamalarından ve uygulamalarından hareketle hadis usûlünde ihtisâr literatürünün karakteristiğini yansıtan unsurların tespit, tasnîf ve tahlîlini amaçlamaktadır. İhtisâr müelliflerinin eserlerinde bulunan mukaddime kısımlarındaki ifadeleri ve eserlerin muhtevası bu amaç doğrultusunda taranmış, türün özelliklerini ve müelliflerin maksatlarını yansıtan anahtar kavram, ifade ve uygulamalar belirlenerek belli başlıklar altında tasnif edilmiştir. Odak noktasında daha önce kaleme alınmış bir ya da birden fazla metni özetleme, kısaltma ve sadeleştirme çabasının yer aldığı ihtisâr faaliyetinin/türünün bu temel amacın yanı sıra birtakım yan/ikincil amaçlar barındırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Sözü edilen ikincil amaçlar değişik oranlarda da olsa bütün muhtasarlarda bulunmaktadır. Hadis usûlünde ihtisârların özellikleri şu başlıklar altında ele alınmıştır: Metni özetleme ve kısaltma, önceki eserlerden bilgi toplama, konuları düzenleme ve sistematik hale getirme, konuların anlaşılmasını ve öğrenilmesini kolaylaştırma, asıl kitabın ya da alanla ilgili diğer kitapların müelliflerinin görüşlerini eleştirme, eksik bırakılan konuları tamamlama, farklı görüşler arasından tercihte bulunma, yanlış görüşleri düzeltme, kapalı kalan konuları açıklama. Çalışma, ihtisâr türünün yalnızca kısaltma ve özetleme amacı içermediği hipotezi üzerine kurulmuş, bu hipotezi destekleyen kavramlara odaklanmıştır. Çalışmada ele alınan bir başka konu ise türün telif tarzı ve amacı bakımından ihtisâr müelliflerinin eserlerinde bulunmasını arzu etmedikleri hususların tespitidir. Bunlar da şu başlıklar altında tasnif edilmiştir: Anlamı bozacak ya da değiştirecek tasarruflar, metni gereksiz yere uzatma, metni aşırı derecede kısaltma, gereksiz ve boş söz ekleme, tekrar. Müelliflerin sözü edilen hususları eserlerinde ne derece başarı ile uyguladıkları üzerinde ayrıca durulması gerekmektedir. Çalışma, özellikle hicrî beşinci asır ve sonrasında İslâmî ilimlerde telif sahasında yenilik arayışının sona erdiği, taklit zihniyetinin yaygınlaştığı ve birbirinin tekrarı mahiyetinde eserler üretildiği düşüncesine eleştirel bir yaklaşım sergilemektedir.
BİLİNÇ, HAKİKAT VE DİLE DAİR HERMENEUTİK YAKLAŞIM
Authors: YILMAZ Erdal
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmada hermeneutik düşüncenin bilinç, hakikat ve dile dair yaklaşımını analiz etmekteyiz. Makalede, hermeneutik yaklaşımdan hareketle, bilincin bağlantısız fakat gerektiğinde bağlantı kuran bir yapı değil, her daim bir şeyin bilinci olduğu iddiasında bulunulmaktadır. Hakikatin, klasik mütekabiliyet teorisinin varsaydığı gerçeklik ve onun dilsel ifadesi arasındaki uyuşum olmadığı, mütekabiliyet teorisinin temel hakikatin bir katmanı olduğu, hakikatin aslında bir olay olduğu iddia edilmektedir. Dilin ise sadece iletişimi sağlayan nötr bir araç değil, bizatihi anlamı taşıyan, dolayısıyla hem bilinci hem de hakikat anlayışını belirleyen bir yapı olduğu ileri sürülmektedir.
Virtual Screening of Different Subclasses of Lignans with Anticancer Potential and Based on Genetic Profile
Authors: Maia Mayara dos Santos , Mendonça-Junior Francisco Jaime Bezerra , Rodrigues Gabriela Cristina Soares , Silva Adriano Soares da , Oliveira Niara Isis Pereira de , Silva Pablo Rayff da , Felipe Cícero Francisco Bezerra , Gurgel Ana Pavla Almeida Diniz , Nayarisseri Anuraj , Scotti Marcus Tullius , Scotti Luciana
Published: June 2023

Cancer is a multifactorial disease that continues to increase. Lignans are known to be important anticancer agents. However, due to the structural diversity of lignans, it is difficult to associate anticancer activity with a particular subclass. Therefore, the present study sought to evaluate the association of lignan subclasses with antitumor activity, considering the genetic profile of the variants of the selected targets. For this, predictive models were built against the targets tyrosine-protein kinase ABL (ABL), epider-mal growth factor receptor erbB1 (EGFR), histone deacetylase (HDAC), Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR (mTOR) and Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase-1 (PARP1). Then, mapped single nucleotide polymorphisms and designed target mutations, and performed molecular docking with the lignans with the best predicted biological activity. The results showed more anticancer activity in the dibenzocyclooctadiene, furofuran and aryltetralin subclasses. The lignans with the best predictive values of biological activity showed varying binding energy results in the presence of certain genetic variants.
Microfluidics for Brain Endothelial-Astrocytic Interactions
Authors: Sanapathi Jayita , Vipparthi Pravinkumar , Sosnik Alejandro , Kumarasamy Murali
Published: June 2023

With the approval of the FDA Modernization Act 2.0, the pharmaceutical industry is poised to expand its research components with a plethora of alternative models, including organ-on-microfluidic chips in pharma and biotechnology, resulting in a personalized approach. Microfluidics opens new possibilities for the study of cell biology, especially for a better understanding of cell-cell interactions and the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases in vitro and use these models to assess the efficacy of novel therapies. These thumb-sized organ-on-a-chip systems have the potential to reduce animal testing and replace simple 2D culture systems. Restoring critical aspects of endothelial-brain immune cell communication in a biomimetic system using microfluidics may accelerate the process of central nervous system (CNS) drug discovery and improve our understanding of the mechanisms of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. These organ-on-chip technologies can be used to optimize drug targets and assess drug efficacy and toxicity in real-time, which can significantly help minimize animal testing requirements, as authorized by the recent FDA Act. Recent advances in modeling cell-to-cell communication in the CNS are described in this review. This Review initially summarizes the fundamental advantages of microfluidic systems in creating a compartmentalized cell culture for the complex three-dimensional architectures of neural tissue cells such as neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells, and their recapitulation of spatiotemporal biophysicochemical gradients and mechanical microenvironments. Brain endothelial cell-astroglia-on-a-chip models with a focus on neurodegenerative diseases such Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is introduced. Then, the current limitations of these microfluidic devices and strategies to overcome them are discussed.
Redefining Radiology: A Review of Artificial Intelligence Integration in Medical Imaging
Authors: Najjar Reabal
Published: June 2023

This comprehensive review unfolds a detailed narrative of Artificial Intelligence (AI) making its foray into radiology, a move that is catalysing transformational shifts in the healthcare landscape. It sheds light on the journey of radiology, from the pioneering discovery of X-rays to today’s intricate imaging technologies, infused with machine learning and deep learning in medical image analysis. At the crux of this review lies an in-depth study of AI applications in radiology, elucidating its seminal roles in image segmentation, computer-aided diagnosis, predictive analytics, and workflow optimisation. A spotlight is cast on the profound impact of AI on diagnostic processes, personalised medicine, and clinical workflows, with empirical evidence derived from a series of case studies across multiple medical disciplines. However, the integration of AI in radiology is not devoid of challenges. The review ventures into the labyrinth of obstacles that are inherent to AI-driven radiology — data quality, the ’black box’ enigma, infrastructural and technical complexities, as well as ethical implications. Peering into the future, the review contends that the road ahead for AI in radiology is paved with promising opportunities. It advocates for continuous research, embracing avant-garde imaging technologies, and fostering robust collaborations between radiologists and AI developers. It concludes by firmly cementing the role of AI as a catalyst for change in radiology, a stance that is firmly rooted in sustained innovation, dynamic partnerships, and a steadfast commitment to ethical responsibility.
Myeloid Sarcoma as an Unusual Presentation of Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Series
Authors: Giordano Ugo , Sawicki Mateusz , Pilch Justyna , Mizera Jakub , Borkowski Artur , Zduniak Krzysztof , Dybko Jarosław
Published: June 2023

Background: Myeloid sarcoma (MS), also known as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma, is a rare disease entity characterized by the emergence of an extramedullary tumour which may be antecedent, coexisting or manifest secondarily to an ongoing malignancy of lymphoid origin. Owing to its low prevalence, scientific reports addressing this matter comprise mainly retrospective studies with a limited number of participants, rather low-quality research and only few case reports. Despite MS’s rarity, the need for enhancing diagnostic tools and refinement of therapeutic regimens is broadly recognised among physicians.
Case summary: In this case series, we present the clinical histories of two patients diagnosed with MS. The former (Case 1) exhibited MS of the sternum alongside chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), while in case of the latter (Case 2) MS was the initial manifestation of a current acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Regardless of treatment institution comprising chemotherapy (CHTH) and radiotherapy (RT), the patient afflicted by CML did eventually pass due to cardiorespiratory insufficiency secondary to an infection, whereas the second one is in clinical remission up to this date, that is 16 months since MS had been diagnosed. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of previously reported cases was conducted which involves MS in patients with AML and CML.
Conclusion: The objective of this report is to emphasize the heterogeneity among the clinical manifestations of MS, to underline the relevance of histopathological and molecular diagnostic tools in opting for the appropriate therapy and that, in spite of it occurring rather uncommonly, physicians should think of MS in presence of pathological masses in patients under risk of hematological malignancies.
E7 Oncogene HPV 58 Variants Detected in Northeast Brazil: Genetic and Functional Analysis
Authors: Chagas Bárbara Simas , Tibúrcio-Júnior Elias , Silva Ruany Cristyne de Oliveira , Santos Daffany Luana dos , Barros-Júnior Marconi Rêgo , Lima Rita de Cássia Pereira de , Invenção Maria da Conceição Viana , França Neto Pedro Luiz , Santos Vanessa Emanuelle Pereira , Silva-Júnior Antonio Hunberto , Silva-Neto Jacinto Costa , Batista Marcus Vinícius de Aragão , Freitas Antonio Carlos de
Published: June 2023

Cervical cancer is associated with persistent infections by high-risk HPV types that may have nucleotide polymorphisms and, consequently, different oncogenic potentials. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability and structural effects of E7 oncogene of HPV58 in cervical scraping samples from Brazilian women. The study was carried out with patients from hospitals in metropolitan area of Recife, PE, Brazil. The most frequent HPV type was HPV16, 18 and 58, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates were classified as sublineages A2, C1 and D2. Two positively selected mutations were found in E7: 63G and 64T. The mutations G41R, G63D and T64A in E7 protein were predicted to reduce the stability of the protein structure. Regarding the interaction of the E7 variant of HPV58 with the signaling of the NF-kB pathway, we observed that the variant HPV58/UFPE-54S decreased the activity of the pathway when compared to the prototype and the other variants behaved similarly to the prototype and the prototype increased the activity of the pathway when compared to pcDNA. In this study, it was possible to identify mutations that may interfere in the molecular interaction between the viral oncoproteins and host proteins.
Research Hotspots and Trends in the Research on the Application of VR in Rehabilitation Medicine
Authors: Wang Chen , Kong Jingqi , Qi Huiying
Published: June 2023

Objective: To sort out the research hotspots of the application of VR in rehabilitation medicine, analyse its research themes and research trends, and offer a reference for future related research in this field. Methods: This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the development process, research hotspots and research trends in the field of VR application in rehabilitation medicine research, taking the Web of Science core dataset as the source and using bibliometric analysis by CiteSpace. Results: The application of VR in rehabilitation medicine was composed of three stages, and the research topics were reviewed in five aspects: neurological rehabilitation, psychology treatment, pain distraction, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, and visual spatial disorder. Limitations: The literature data only come from the Web of Science core dataset, and the data sample size was not comprehensive. Conclusion: Overcoming VR technology-induced vertigo and mental disorders from overuse of VR are both challenges to research on the application of VR in rehabilitation medicine. In addition, developing VR products with better experience, developing standardized guidelines, and conducting more high-quality clinical studies are all future research trends for the application of VR in rehabilitation medicine.
Review on Image Forensic Techniques Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Shi Chunyin , Chen Luan , Wang Chengyou , Zhou Xiao , Qin Zhiliang
Published: June 2023

Digital images have become an important carrier for people to access information in the information age. However, with the development of the technology, digital images are vulnerable to illegal access and tampering, to the extent that they pose a serious threat to personal privacy, social order and national security. Therefore, image forensic techniques have become an important research topic in the field of multimedia information security. In recent years, deep learning technology has been widely applied in the field of image forensics and the performance achieved has significantly exceeded the conventional forensic algorithms. This survey compares the state-of-the-art image forensic techniques based on deep learning in recent years. The image forensic techniques are divided into passive and active forensics. In passive forensics, forgery detection techniques are reviewed, and the basic framework, evaluation metrics and commonly used datasets for forgery detection are presented. The performance, advantages and disadvantages of existing methods are also compared and analyzed according to different types of detection. In active forensics, robust image watermarking techniques are overviewed, the evaluation metrics and basic framework of robust watermarking techniques are presented. The technical characteristics and performance of existing methods are analyzed based on the different types of attacks on images. Finally, future research directions and conclusions are given to provide useful suggestions for people in image forensics and related research fields.
Quantitative Spatial Analysis of Neuroligin-3 mRNA Expression in the Enteric Nervous System Reveals a Potential Role in Neuronal-Glial Synapses and Reduced Expression in NlgnR451C Mice
Authors: Herath Madushani , Cho Ellie , Marklund Ulrika , Franks Ashley E , Bornstein Joel C , Hill-Yardin Elisa L
Published: June 2023

Mutations in the Neuroligin-3 (Nlgn3) gene are implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction but cellular Nlgn3 expression in the enteric nervous system remains to be characterised. We combined RNAScope in situ hybridization for Nlgn3 mRNA and immunofluorescence for cholinergic and VIP-expressing submucosal neurons, nitrergic and calretinin-containing myenteric neurons and glial cells. We measured Nlgn3 mRNA neuronal and glial expression via quantitative 3-dimensional image analysis. To validate dual RNAScope/immunofluorescence data, we interrogated available single cell RNA sequencing (scRNASeq) data to assess for Nlgn3, Nlgn1, Nlgn2 and their binding partners, Nrxn1-3, MGDA1 and MGDA2, in enteric neural subsets. Most submucosal and myenteric neurons expressed Nlgn3 mRNA. In contrast to other Nlgns and binding partners, Nlgn3 was strongly expressed in enteric glia, suggesting a role for Neuroligin-3 in mediating enteric neuron-glia interactions. The autism-associated R451C mutation reduces Nlgn3 mRNA expression in cholinergic but not VIPergic submucosal neurons. In the myenteric plexus, Nlgn3 mRNA levels are reduced in calretinin and NOS labelled neurons and S100ß labelled glia. We provide a comprehensive cellular profile for neuroligin-3 expression in ileal neuronal subpopulations of mice expressing the R451C autism-associated mutation in Nlgn3, which may contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of GI dysfunction in ASD.
Leiomyoma With Uncommon Localization – Incisive Papilla and Palatal Fibromucosa: A Case Report
Authors: Rakitovan Marina , Nicoara Adrian , Closca Raluca Maria , Balica Nicolae Constantin , Eugen Stefanescu Horatiu , Baderca Flavia
Published: June 2023

The current paper presents a case of a 33-year-old female with an uncommon localization of a leiomyoma in the oral cavity - the anterior palatal fibromucosa and the incisive papilla. The patient referred to the Oro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Clinic of the Emergency City Hospital Timisoara, Romania accusing a slight discomfort in the act of mastication and the occurrence and persistence of a diastema between the upper central incisors, due to the presence of a tumoral mass located in the anterior palatal mucosa, between the upper central incisors, without any changes of the subjacent bone structure in the anterior hard palate visible on the cone beam computed tomography image (CBCT). The tumor was removed by a surgical excisional biopsy and a histopathological examination was performed using morphological Hematoxylin–Eosin (HE) staining and additional immunohistochemical (IHC) reactions, in order to confirm the diagnosis. On microscopic examination, there were found bundles of spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei, with finely granular chromatin. The immunohistochemically staining found positive results for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin and negative result for vimentin. The treatment of choice for leiomyoma of the oral cavity is surgical excision with clear margins, followed by periodical clinical monitoring.
Psychological Evaluation of a Residential Children’s Burns Camp Programme: A Ten-Year Evaluation
Authors: Thomlinson Alison Margaret , Farrell Niamh Rebecca , Gaskell Sarah Louise , Shah Mamta
Published: June 2023

Residential burns camp programmes provide help and support to children with burn injuries by providing activities designed to build their confidence and self-esteem. Our regional burns service has been running camps for over 20 years and evaluation is an important part of assessing their effectiveness. In this study we report both qualitative and quantitative data from 10 consecutive years of burns camps. Qualitative feedback was gathered using Likert scales and free response questionnaires at the end of camp and six weeks post-camp. Three quantitative outcome measures, the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory v4, the Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES8) and the Satisfaction with Appearance Scale (SWAP) were completed before and six weeks after camp. Children and their parents/carers both reported attending burns camp was helpful for them/their child; the themes of meeting other children with burn injuries and developing confidence and self-esteem were cited as reasons. Parents/carers also reported significant improvements in their child’s physical and psychological functioning post-camp in some years. These findings confirm the importance of providing burns camp programmes for children with burn injuries as part of their post burn rehabilitation.
Scutellaria multicaulis Bio-Leave Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles: A Potential Anti-proliferative, Antioxidant and Apoptosis Inducer Compound
Authors: Gharari Zahra , Hanachi Parichehr , Sadeghinia Hanie , Walker Tony R.
Published: June 2023

Scutellaria multicaulis, a member of the Lamiaceae, is a medicinal plant indigenous to Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. It has been widely used as a prominent herb in traditional medicine for thousands of years. This plant is reported with baicalein, wogonin, and chrysin flavonoids as a significant group of chemical ingredients, which can cure different diseases such as breast cancer. S. multicaulis leave extract was used for the bioreduction of silver nanoparticles (SmL-Ag-NPs), and their phytochemical contents and antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic activity were evaluated. Optimal physicochemical properties of SmL-Ag-NPs were obtained by mixing 5% of leave extract and 2 mM of aqueous AgNO3 solution and confirmed by characterization studies including UV–visible spectrophotometry, FE-SEM, EDX, DLS, zeta potential, TGA, SERS, XRD and FTIR Spectroscopy. SmL-Ag-NPs exhibited higher content of TPC (Total Phenolic Content) and TFC (Total Flavonoid Content) and potential antioxidant activity. SmL-Ag-NPs also demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MDA-MB231 cells multiplication with an IC50 value of 37.62 μg/mL at 48h through inducing cell apoptosis. This is the first report on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using S. multicaulis leave extract, which can provide treatment for cancer diseases and reduce some negative effects of chemotherapy.
Impact of Commercial and Raw Pellets available in the Italian Market: Study of Organic and Inorganic Fraction and Related Chemometric Approach
Authors: Pandolfi Pietro , Notardonato Ivan , Passarella Sergio , Sammartino Maria Pia , Visco Giovanni , Ceci Paolo , Giorgi Loretta De , Stillittano Virgilio , Monci Domenico , Avino Pasquale
Published: June 2023

Air pollution and the increasing production of greenhouse gases has prompted greater use of renewable energy sources; the EU has set the use of green energy at 32 percent by 2030. With this in mind, in the last 10 years the demand for pellets in Italy has more than doubled making Italy the second largest consumer in Europe. The quality of the pellets burned in stoves is crucial to indoor and outdoor pollution. Among other parameters, moisture and ash are used to classify pellets according to EN ISO 17225:2014. This work involved the analysis of the organic and inorganic fraction of both some finished products on the Italian market and some raw materials (e.g., wood chips) sampled according to the technical standard EN 14778:2011. The analytical results showed the presence of some substances potentially harmful to human health such as formaldehyde, acetone, toluene and styrene for the organic fraction and nickel, lead and vanadium for the inorganic fraction. The chemometric approach showed that it is the inorganic fraction which is most responsible for the diversification of the samples under study. The detection of some substances may be a warning bell about the impact of such materials both for the environment and for the human health.