bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-Temperature Oxidation and Kindling Temperature of Large-Scale Bituminous Coal under Different Oxygen Concentrations
Authors: Li Yulong , Liang Jie , Su Xuechao , Wang Chaosheng , Wu Wenjuan
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of high oxygen
concentration on bituminous coal oxidation. The ignition point data
under corresponding conditions were obtained by comparing
thermogravimetric experiments and large-scale pyrolysis experiments.
Oxidized coals with different oxygen concentrations and temperatures
were collected by large-scale pyrolysis experiments and extracted with
chloroform. The extracted liquid samples were analyzed by GC-MS and
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The extracted oxidized coal was
characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. The results
show that the ignition temperature measured by the large-scale pyrolysis
experiment is more than 200 °C lower than that measured by the
thermogravimetric experiment at 20% oxygen concentration. The oxidation
activity of coal decreases first and then increases with the increase in
temperature. The ether bond formed below 150 °C is oxidized and
exothermic above 175 °C, which is likely to be the direct cause of coal
seam fire.
Discovery of a polysubstituted Pyridine containing novel 5-(furan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamido scaffold as Potential Ryanodine Receptor Activators
Authors: Xie Weibin , zhou sha , Gao jianzhao
Published: January 2024

With the advancement of artificial intelligence technology in protein
structure modeling, predicting the structure of RyRs from its sequence
has become an effective approach for developing insecticides. Building
on this application of AI in insecticide development, a series of novel
polysubstituted pyridine compounds containing a unique
5-(furan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamido scaffold were designed and
synthesized. These compounds were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR,
19F NMR spectroscopy and HRMS. Subsequently, their insecticidal
activities were evaluated. The results of these bioassays indicated that
certain compounds exhibited promising activities against Mythimna
separate and Plutella xylostella. Notably, compound I-6 displayed 47%
insecticidal activity at a concentration of 0.01 μg/mL, which reached
the same activity level as the control Chlorantraniliprole, while
compound I-26 demonstrated 50% larvicidal activity against M. separata
at 10 μg/mL. Furthermore, the toxicity of I-26 (IC50 0.007365 μg/mL) was
superior to that of chlorantraniliprole (CHL) (IC50 1.059 μg/mL),
suggesting that it could serve as a lead compound for further
optimization. Molecular docking was employed to predict the binding
positions of the compounds, which showed a good correlation between
their insecticidal activities and their binding values. This study
provided a template for future AI applications in RyR pesticide
development.
DATA SECURITY ANALYSIS USING MACHINE LEARNING AND VISUALIZATION ON CYBER SECURITY
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Shaw Dilip Kumar
Published: January 2024

In the field of Cyber Security (CS), detecting cyber abnormalities along
with threats is an increasing concern these days. In daily living, CS
plays a significant part to safeguard the individuals who utilize the
internet by means of various electronic tools. The famous Machine
Learning (ML) classification methodologies like Logistic regression,
K-nearest neighbors, Naïve Bayes (NB), stochastic gradient descent,
Decision Tree (DT), extreme Gradient Boosting, Adaptive Boosting, and
Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used for constructing the data security
method. Owing to the rise in the number of hackings, CS is gaining more
recognition. To handle this issue, the visualization of data is employed
to create awareness. For tracking every user who has used the server,
log files are utilized. To acquire a good knowledge of the security log
files, charts along with graphs are used. Thus, the following are
discussed here: CS and its challenges, data security analysis on CS
utilizing ML methodologies, CS models are compared, visualizations on
CS, along with challenges faced for efficient data visualization in CS.
Malware detection’s accuracy performance utilizing ML methodologies is
examined. Regarding recall, accuracy, precision, along with F-score,
several ML-centric structures are effectively compared and examined.
Machine learning in TLR-phenotyping of HPV-related cervical diseases
Authors: Dushkin Alexander , Afanasiev M. , Afanasiev S. , Svitich O. , Dushkina I. , Kukina Polina , Avagyan Asmik , Karaulov A.
Published: January 2024

This article is dedicated to the application of machine learning methods
for phenotyping patients with HPV-associated cervical lesions using
Toll-like receptor (TLR) testing data. One of the most relevant
directions in the field of medical diagnostics and research is the
search for effective methods of classifying pathological conditions
based on biomarkers and clinical data. This study presents a new
approach to phenotyping patients with HPV-associated cervical lesions
using agglomerative clustering. The results of our research demonstrate
the effectiveness of agglomerative clustering for phenotyping patients
with HPV-associated cervical lesions. We identified several distinct
clusters, each characterized by unique mRNA expression profiles of TLRs.
These findings can contribute to a more accurate classification and
diagnosis of patients, as well as facilitate an individualized approach
to the treatment and management of HPV-associated cervical lesions.
Thus, this work confirms the potential of agglomerative clustering in
the field of medical research and diagnostics, especially when analyzing
mRNA TLR expression data in the context of HPV-associated cervical
lesions.
Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of 2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)aniline and Alkylsilyl Peroxides: a Route to Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines
Authors: An Zhenyu , Miao Man , Sun Fengkai , Lan Xiao-Bing , Yu Jiang-Qiang , Guo Xiaoli , Zhang Jian
Published: January 2024

An efficient and convenient method was developed for the one-pot
construction of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines via a Cu(II)-catalyzed
domino reaction between 2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)anilines and alkylsilyl
peroxides. The synthetic protocol is characterized by a broad sub-strate
scope, O2 as oxidant, and commercially readily available catalysts. This
reaction proceeds through a C–C bond cleavage and new C–C and C–N
bond formation. A mechanistic study suggests that alkyl radical species
participate in the cascade reaction.
A novel fused delivery carrier Fc-Ii enhances mucosal and systemic immunity through the FcRn
Authors: XU FAzhi , Zhu Zhengxuan , Sun Jing , Zhu Qiyun
Published: January 2024

FcRn is a specific receptor for IgG recognition and transportation.
Although FcRn has been shown to deliver IgG across the mucosa, it is
unable to directly enter the MHC antigen presentation pathway.
Conversely, the invariant chain (Ii), a chaperonin of MHC class II
molecules, stimulates antigen presentation but is unable to pass through
mucosal barriers. An effective strategy to improve immunity would be to
target antigenic peptides passing through the mucosa to the MHC
molecular pathway. In this study, a novel double carrier (Fc-Ii) was
constructed using the COE gene of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
(PEDV) as a link. The double carrier fusion proteins (Fc-COE-Ii) and
single carrier fusion proteins (Fc-COE and COE-Ii) were expressed in
E. coli, purified, and refolded. Fc-COE-Ii was used as an
immunogen to evaluate the immune response, while COE-Ii, Fc-COE, COE,
and PBS were used as controls. Eighty 6–8-week-old female Balb/c mouse
were divided into five groups (COE, COE-Ii, Fc-COE, Fc-COE-Ii, and PBS)
for intranasal immunization supplemented with the CPG ODN 1826 mucosal
adjuvant. The results showed that the single carrier fusion proteins
COE-Ii and Fc-COE showed a stronger immune response than the COE
protein, and the double carrier fusion protein Fc-COE-Ii exhibited
higher immunogenicity than the two single carrier fusion proteins.
Therefore, this novel double carrier Fc-Ii may be mediated by FcRn to
pass through the mucosal barrier of the respiratory tract to effectively
enhance stimulation of the mucosal immunity and systemic immune
response.
The effect of ultrasound-assisted method on the adsorption and desorption ability for rosmarinic acid using resins
Authors: Wang Na , Lin Shan , Qu Xinrui , Li Sen
Published: January 2024

To study the purification process of rosmarinic acid (RA) from rosemary
by ultrasonic-assisted macroporous resins (MRs), and to explore the
effect of ultrasonic power between 50 W and 100 W and temperature
between 25 ℃ and 45 ℃ on the adsorption/desorption characteristics of RA
on MRs. RA content was determined by high performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC), and the best resin type was selected by
adsorption capacity and desorption rate. The mechanism of
ultrasound-assisted adsorption was discussed from the perspectives of
adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics, and the effects of ultrasonic
power and ethanol volume fraction on the desorption process were
discussed through desorption kinetics. Ultrasonic assisted MRs
adsorption/desorption can be used as a green and efficient method to
enrich and purify RA in rosemary.
Three new species of Peperomia Ruiz & Pav. (Piperaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Silva Larissa , QUEIROZ George DE , Silva Diego da , SILVA NÍLBER DA , Guimarães Elsie
Published: January 2024

Peperomia (Piperaceae) is a Pantropical genus with approximately 1,700
species, distributed mainly in the Neotropics. In this study, three new
species of Peperomia, P. bahiensis, P. ilheusensis and P. mendanhensis
belong to subg. Multipalmata are described for the Brazilian Atlantic
Forest. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps and an
identification key for the species are provided. Keywords: Rio de
Janeiro, Bahia, Piperales, Neotropics.
Structural and Environmental Influences on Seagrass Epifaunal Communities: Seasonal Effects and Implications for Ecosystem Health
Authors: Lawrence Cloverley M.
Published: January 2024

Seagrass ecosystems play a vital role in marine environments, providing
essential services, and supporting a diversity of fauna and algae that
are critical components in marine trophic structures. However, global
and local seagrass declines due to various influences raise concerns
about the health of these ecosystems. This study investigated the
structural and environmental drivers influencing epifaunal communities
associated with the dwarf eelgrass ( Zostera capensis), in a
temperate lagoon ecosystem. Variation in epifaunal patterns across
phenotypically distinct seagrass populations were observed. Large-leaved
morphotypes in deeper intertidal stands near the lagoon mouth exhibited
higher species diversity and richness. Conversely, small-leaved
populations in higher shore stands supported greater species abundances,
notably, two desiccation-resistant gastropods, Assiminea sp. and
Siphonaria compressa. Seasonal differences in epifauna were
significant, with higher abundances observed during spring and summer,
while diversity and richness peaked in autumn and winter. Several key
factors influencing epifaunal abundances were identified. The results of
structural equation modelling showed seagrass shoot densities and leaf
width to have positive direct effects, with light (turbidity) and oxygen
levels also playing important roles. Temperature, pH, and exposure
indirectly affected epifaunal abundances, however, temperature had a
direct effect on seagrass structure and significantly influenced five
out of six seagrass metrics measured. Ongoing assessments of seagrass
distribution in the lagoon indicate more significant declines in
populations near to the lagoon mouth, suggesting a simultaneous
reduction in associated epifaunal communities reliant on large-leaved
seagrass beds. As climate change-induced warming continues, further
declines in seagrass populations are anticipated, particularly in
large-leaved varieties. This trend is likely to have adverse
consequences for the associated epifaunal communities and other trophic
levels within the ecosystem. Given the significance of seagrass habitats
for food provision and sustaining livelihoods, the loss of these
ecosystems could have far-reaching consequences. Preserving seagrass
ecosystems is therefore crucial to ensuring the continued provision of
these ecosystem services.
Towards Precision Psychiatry for Youth: the PRE-EMPT Centre of Research Excellence Roadmap.
Authors: Dwyer Dominic , Clark Scott , Amminger G. Paul , Byrne Enda , Davey Christopher , Gao Caroline , Hartmann Simon , Hartmann Jessica , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Ye Rochelle , Nguyen Josh , Ja Julie , Scott Isabelle , Wannan Cassandra , Ching Ann Ee , Lin Ashleigh , Caave Blake , McGorry Patrick , Middeldorp Christel , Ronald Angelica , Schmaal Lianne , Thompson Andy , Wigman J.T.W , Wood Stephen , Yung Alison , Nelson Barnaby
Published: January 2024

Background. Mental illnesses mostly occur before 25 years of age
when early identification and intervention could delay, ameliorate, or
prevent lifelong disability. However, several challenges hinder optimal
psychiatric care in youth due to the diversity of presentations,
comorbidities, illness courses, and treatment responses. It is
increasingly clear that one-size-fits-all approaches will not be
effective and personalised approaches are needed to guide therapeutic
pathways for individuals. Following precedents in other medical fields,
machine learning approaches may address these needs by providing
decision support tools that predict diagnoses, prognoses, and therapies.
This paper outlines how such a future of augmented care may be
facilitated through the establishment of the world’s first ‘Prediction
of Early Mental Disorder and Preventative Treatment Centre of Research
Excellence’ (PRE-EMPT). Methods. Five key components of the
Centre will be addressed, including interdisciplinary collaboration,
data harmonization, methods sharing, development of decision support
tools, and capacity building. Conclusion. Implementation of
research methodology guidelines within the Centre will assist in the
production of reproducible, transparent, and open-source techniques and
models. When combined, this paper will address key challenges facing the
future of psychiatric care for youth and a roadmap of how to address
them.
The “scars” left on children by Exclusion, but Re-inclusion may “heal up”
Authors: Yan Linlin , Zheng Jun , Liu Wenlu , Qian Pin
Published: January 2024

Previous studies have demonstrated the negative impacts of ostracism on
primary needs and moods, particularly children and adolescents. Given
children’s early exposure to the Internet, online ostracism could
potentially affect their primary needs and moods at an earlier age. To
investigate this, the present study utilized the Cyberball paradigm to
manipulate the exclusion and re-inclusion and examined the threats to
primary needs (sense of belonging, self-esteem, control, meaningful
existence) and emotions (happiness, sadness, anger) in school-aged
children (163 children aged 6-8, 8-10, and 10-11) following social
exclusion and subsequent inclusion. The findings revealed that the
threats to the four primary needs due to ostracism began to emerge
around the age of 8-10 years and persisted until the age of 10-12 years.
Regarding moods, the negative effects of ostracism appeared from the age
of 6-8 years and worsened with age. This suggests the existence of a
critical period during which ostracism poses a threat to children’s
primary needs and has adverse effects on their moods. Moreover, the
study demonstrated that brief inclusion following exclusion effectively
restores the primary needs and moods of ostracized children. These
findings provide insights into how to support children in recovering
from the negative effects of ostracism.
COVID-19- induced Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis：a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Jiang Rong , Zhou Haibo , Wen Long , Kong Xianglong , Zhou Zhiguo
Published: January 2024

Objective To report a case of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)with
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage(DAH)that developed following Coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) in an adolescent boy, and perform a literature
review to better understand this disorder.Methods Retrospectively
analyze the data of a case of GPA following COVID-19 infection, to
summarize the clinical characteristics of GPA following COVID-19
infection by searching the database (PubMed,Wanfang Data,CNKI) and
comprehensively analyze the literature results. Results 9 cases were
reported，combined with our case，there were 10 cases of GPA following
COVID-19 infection,including 4 males and 6 females,with an average age
of(40.6±18.6)years,and the time interval between COVID-19 and diagnosis
of GPA ranged from 1 day to 3 months for all 10 cases. The rate of
mortality was 10.0%(1/10).Commonly seen clinical manifestations were
cough(70.0%),dyspnea(50.0%),and Arthralgia/Myalgia(40.0%). CT scans
showed ground-glass opacities，multifocal pulmonary nodules.Of all these
patients, c-ANCA and PR3-antibody positivity were found .Conclusion
COVID-19 pneumonia and COVID-19- induced new-onset GPA share many
clinical and radiological features, making it challenging for clinicians
to distinguish between the two. Our study also provided some clues about
the diagnostic challenge of GPA induced by COVID-19.
Porphyromonas gingivalis induces chronic kidney disease through crosstalk between the NF‑κB/NLRP3 pathway and ferroptosis in GMCs
Authors: Qi Shengcai , Li Xue , Yao Chao , Lan Dongmei , Wang Yan
Published: January 2024

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) is a gram-negative bacterium found
in the human oral cavity and is a recognized pathogenic bacterium
associated with chronic periodontitis and systemic diseases, including
chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the roles and molecular mechanism of
P.g in CKD pathogenesis are unclear. In this study, an animal
model of oral P.g administration and glomerular mesangial cells
(GMCs) cocultured with M1-polarized macrophages and P.g
supernatant were constructed. We found that oral P.g
administration induced CKD in mice. P.g supernatant induced m!
macrophage polarization and inflammatory factor upregulation, which
triggered the activation of the NF‑κB/NLRP3 pathway and ferroptosis in
GMCs. By inhibiting the NF‑κB/NLRP3 pathway and ferroptosis in GMCs,
cell viability and the inflammatory response were partially alleviated
in vitro. In conclusion, we demonstrated that P.g induced
CKD in mice by triggering crosstalk between the NF‑κB/NLRP3 pathway and
ferroptosis in GMCs. Overall, our study suggests that periodontitis can
promote the pathogenesis of CKD in mice, which provides evidence of the
importance of periodontitis therapy in the prevention and treatment of
CKD.
Sufficiently activated mature natural killer cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells substantially enhance antitumor activity
Authors: Liu Chuanling , Li Yingying , Li Yanrong , Hu Meng , Wang Haiyan , Lu Shasha , Li Zhao , Dilimulati Dilinuer , Jiao Shunchang , Lu Shelian , Zhao Weihong
Published: January 2024

Background: Peripheral blood-derived natural killer (NK) cells
spontaneously lyse tumor cells without prior sensitization. However, NK
cells in peripheral blood (PBNK cells) are in a resting state and
exhibit inhibitory phenotypes and impaired cytotoxicity. Thus,
strengthening the cytotoxic effector function of PBNK cells and
improving NK cell expansion in vitro for a convenient allogeneic therapy
are essential. Materials and Methods: Pure cytokine activation and
expansion of NK cells [super NK (SNK)] from peripheral blood
mononuclear cells were studied. Markers of activated and inhibited NK
cells and cytokine secretion by NK cells were examined using flow
cytometry. NK cell antitumor activity in vitro was assessed using
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay and an Incucyte real-time
imaging system. Additionally, the function of SNK cells against ascites
caused by ovarian cancer in NOD-Prkdc(em26Cd52)il2rg(em26Cd22)/Nju (NCG)
mice were determined. In a further investigation of the differences
between PBNK and SNK, the mRNA of both cells was sequenced and analyzed.
Results: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed selective NK
cell expansion upon cytokine activation and culture. Both SNK and PBNK
cells expressed activation markers, but at different levels, and SNK
cells secreted more cytokines related to cytotoxicity than PBNK cells
did. Accordingly, SNK cells exhibited strong antitumor activity ex vivo
and improved NCG mice survival after intraperitoneal ovarian cancer
transplantation. Mechanistically, SNK cells expressed more genes
associated with nucleotide metabolism, fatty acid, and ATP metabolism
than PBNK cells. Conclusion: SNK cells derived from peripheral blood
mononuclear cells have sufficiently activated mature characteristics and
high antitumor activity, rendering them a highly promising and essential
therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. KEYWORDS Natural killer cell;
Peripheral blood; Ovarian cancer; Ascites
Chlorophytum kolliensis (Asparagaceae), a new species from the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Soosairaj Sebastian , Raja Prakasam , Balaguru Balakrishnan , Dhatchanamoorthy Narayanasamy
Published: January 2024

A new species of Chlorophytum is described and illustrated in this
article. Morphological, root anatomical, pollen and molecular features
were compared with its allied species C. laxum R. Br. which has
apiculate anther, lanceolate bract, 16-18 nerved flat leaf and ellipsoid
pollen with contrast to obtuse anther, ovate bract, 11-13 nerved
conduplicate leaf and ovoid pollen. The molecular features too
compliment the differences.
Application of Game Theoretic Model for Cyber Threat Intelligence Framework
Authors: Yogi Manas Kumar , Aiswarya Dwarampudi , Chatterjee Jyotir Moy
Published: January 2024

In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, the application of game
theoretic models has emerged as a powerful and innovative approach to
enhance our understanding and management of cyber threats. This abstract
explores the application of a variant of game theoretic models within
the context of a Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) framework. With the
proliferation of cyber-attacks targeting critical infrastructure,
sensitive data, and national security, it has become imperative to
develop proactive and adaptive strategies for threat detection,
mitigation, and response. The variant of game theoretic models discussed
in this abstract departs from traditional game theory by incorporating
elements of dynamic adaptation and machine learning. This adaptation
enables the framework to model and analyze the intricate and rapidly
changing interactions between threat actors and defenders in real-time,
thereby providing a more accurate representation of the evolving threat
landscape. By leveraging machine learning algorithms, the model can
continuously learn and adapt to new threats and tactics, making it a
versatile tool for CTI. This abstract also explores the practical
applications of the variant model in various aspects of cybersecurity,
including threat actor profiling, vulnerability assessment, and decision
support for incident response. By considering the strategic motivations
and behaviors of threat actors, organizations can make informed
decisions regarding resource allocation, risk assessment, and security
investments. The integration of this variant of game theoretic models
into CTI holds great potential to revolutionize our approach to
cybersecurity, enabling organizations to stay one step ahead of
adversaries. As the digital world becomes increasingly complex, the
ability to predict, mitigate, and adapt to cyber threats is crucial for
safeguarding critical assets and ensuring the resilience of digital
infrastructure. This paper highlights the significance of this
innovative approach and its potential to shape the future of cyber
threat intelligence and cybersecurity practices.
Exploring Glypican-3 Targeted CAR-NK Treatment and Potential Therapy Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Lei , Pham Kien , Xi Yibo , Wu Qunfeng , Liu Dongfang , Robertson Keith , Liu Chen
Published: January 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of primary
liver cancer and ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related
mortality globally. Despite advances in current HCC treatment, it
remains a malignancy with poor prognosis. Therefore, developing novel
treatment options for patients with HCC is urgently needed. Chimeric
antigen receptor (CAR)-modified natural killer (NK) cells have shown
potent anti-tumor effects, making them as a promising immunotherapy
strategy for cancer treatment. Glypican-3 (GPC3), a cell surface
oncofetal glycoprotein, is highly expressed in most HCC tissues, but not
in normal tissues, and functions as a key driver of carcinogenesis.
Given its high expression level on the cell surface, GPC3 is considered
as an attractive immunotherapy target for HCC. In this study, two
GPC3-specific CAR-NK cells, NK92MI/NH3 and NK92MI/HS20, were established
using NK92MI cells, a modified IL-2-independent NK cell line. These cell
lines were engineered with third generation GPC3-specific CAR, and their
activities were subsequently evaluated in the treatment of HCC. We found
that NK92MI/NH3 cells, rather than NK92MI/HS20 cells, exhibited a
significant cytotoxicity effect against GPC3 HepG2
cells in vitro and efficiently suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft
model using NSG mice. In addition, irradiated NK92MI/NH3 cells displayed
similar anti-tumor efficacy to unirradiated NK92MI/NH3 cells.
Furthermore, we observed that NK92MI/NH3 cells showed higher killing
activity against the GPC3 isoform 2 overexpression cell line
(SK-Hep1-v2) than those with GPC3 isoform 1 overexpression cell line
(SK-Hep1-v1) both in vitro and in vivo. This suggest that the presence
of different GPC3 isoforms in HCC may impact the cytotoxicity activity
of NK92MI/NH3 cells and potentially influence therapeutic outcomes.
These findings highlight the effective anti-HCC effects of NK92MI/HN3
cells, as well as the underlying therapy resistance, suggesting their
potential as a promising therapy for HCC.
Identification of genes involved in the effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 on articular chondrocytes using bioinformatic analysis and validation in osteoarthritis
Authors: Zheng Jiaxuan , Guo Xiangjun , Wang Bo , Li Ke , Zhou Kai , Cao Huiyuan , Shi Li , Li Zhengzhao , Huang Hui
Published: January 2024

Although over-expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2α)
can result in cartilage destruction and osteoarthritis (OA) development,
the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we
investigated the molecular mechanisms in chondrocytes over-expressing
HIF-2α. The GeneCloud of Biotechnology Information platform was used to
identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Using the GEO GSE104794
dataset of control (empty adenovirus, n = 4) and experimental
(recombinant adenovirus expressing HIF-2α, n = 4) groups, we performed
DEG, Gene Ontology, pathway, pathway network, and gene signal network
analyses. Similarly, DEG analysis was performed for the GEO GSE51588
dataset of control (non-OA, n = 4) and experimental (OA, n = 20) groups.
Thereafter, intersection of GSE104794 gene signal network analysis and
GSE51588 DEG analysis was performed for the key genes, validated by
quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A total of
542 DEGs were identified, among which, the 10 most significant genes in
the gene signal network were Nfkb1, Tlr2, Nt5e, Enpp1, Entpd3, Vegfa,
Ptgs2, Socs3, Fos, and Epas1. The key genes in OA were LUM, ENTPD3,
SMPD3, FGFR3, GPX3, IRAK3, EREG, HTR2A, TLR2, and CDA. Taken together,
we screened key genes that are potentially involved in osteoarthritis,
thereby providing a basis for identifying valuable markers for this
disease.
Minocycline Mitigates Sepsis-Induced Neuroinflammation and Promotes Recovery in Mice: Insights into Neuroprotection and Inflammatory Modulation
Authors: Salmani Hossein , Bardaghi Zahra , Askarpour Hedyeh , Rajabian Arezoo , Mahmoudabady Maryam , Shabab Sadegh , Hosseini Mahmoud
Published: January 2024

Aim: Sepsis is associated with brain injury and acute brain
inflammation, which can potentially transition into chronic
inflammation, triggering a cascade of inflammatory responses that may
lead to neurological disorders. Minocycline, recognized for its potent
anti-inflammatory properties, particularly within the brain, was
investigated in this study for its protective effects against
sepsis-induced brain injury. Methods: Adult male C57 mice received
pretreatment with varying doses of minocycline (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg)
three days before sepsis induction. An intraperitoneal injection of 5
mg/kg LPS was used to induce sepsis. Spontaneous locomotor activity
(SLA) and weight changes were assessed over several days post-sepsis to
monitor the recovery of the mice. The expression of inflammatory
mediators and oxidative stress markers was assessed 24 h post sepsis.
Results: Septic mice exhibited significant weight loss and impaired
spontaneous locomotor activity. Initially, minocycline did not attenuate
the severity of weight loss (1 day) or locomotor activity impairment (4
hours post-sepsis), but it significantly accelerated the recovery of the
mice in later days. Sepsis led to elevated mRNA expression of IL-1β and
TNF-α, increased MDA levels, and decreased thiol content and SOD
activity 24 hours after sepsis induction. Minocycline dose-dependently
mitigated brain inflammation and oxidative stress damage. Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrate that pretreatment with minocycline has the
potential to prevent brain tissue damage and accelerate recovery from
sepsis in mice, suggesting that minocycline may serve as a promising
therapeutic intervention to protect against sepsis-induced neurological
complications.
Cognitive, behavioural and educational outcomes in children aged 5-11 years with Spina Bifida in Northern Ireland
Authors: Parajuli Yogesh Gopal , Sinclair Marlene , Saad Hafi
Published: January 2024

Objective: While the survival of children born with Spina Bifida has
improved, some may have lower cognitive, behavioural and educational
performance. Therefore, this study set out to assess the effect of Spina
Bifida on cognitive, behavioural and educational outcomes in 5-11 year
olds. Method: A cross-sectional study design where data were collected
from parents/guardians and teachers using Behavior Rating Inventory of
Executive Function, second edition (BRIEF2) - to assess cognitive
outcomes, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) - to assess
behavioural outcomes and Teacher Academic Attainment Scale (TAAS) - to
assess academic outcomes. Result: Nineteen parental and 13 teacher
responses were received for children with Spina Bifida, and eight
parental and seven teacher responses for children without Spina Bifida.
Children in both groups performed at a similar level across subscales of
BRIEF2 with the exception of Working Memory. No group differences were
found in SDQ scales as assessed by parents; teacher assessment of
conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention and peer problems were
higher for children with Spina Bifida. Conclusions: Based on this small
sample, a potential need for evidence-based interventions to assist
children with Spina Bifida in the cognitive area of Working Memory and
also in English, Mathematics and History is postulated.
A new species of Viola (Violaceae) from Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Dai Jingmin , Huang Yanshuang , Zhong Fanghua , Fan Qiang
Published: January 2024

Viola ministipulata, a newly discovered species of Violaceae from the
Sanqingshan mountain in Jiangxi Province, China, is described and
illustrated here. The identification is based on comprehensive
morphological and molecular evidences. While the new species shares
similarities with V. fukienensis W. Becker in terms of leaf color and
stoloniferous habit, it can be differentiated by its smaller leaves and
flowers, distinct petal coloration, stamens and lanceolate appendages of
equal length, and comparatively smaller and prematurely withered
stipules. Additionally, the sepals of V. ministipulata feature a
distinctive basal appendage.
Construction of Ketoenamine-based Covalent Organic Frameworks with Electron-rich Sites for Efficient and Rapid Removal of Iodine from Solution
Authors: Tao Qi , Zhang Xiao , Jing Liping , Sun Lu , Dang Peipei
Published: January 2024

Porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been widely used for
efficient removal of iodine from solution due to their abundance of
electron-rich sites. In this study, two kinds of ketoenamine-based COFs,
TpBD-(OMe)2 and TpBD-Me2, are successfully synthesized by Schiff base
reaction under hydrothermal conditions using 1, 3,
5-triformylphoroglucinol as aldehyde monomer, o-tolidine and
o-dianisidine as amino monomers. The ability of TpBD-(OMe)2 and TpBD-Me2
to adsorb iodine in cyclohexane or aqueous solutions has been
quantitatively analyzed and interpreted in terms of adsorption sites.
TpBD-Me2 possesses two adsorption sites, -NH- and -C=O, exhibits an
adsorption capacity of 681.67 mg/g in cyclohexane, with an initial
adsorption rate of 0.6 g/mol/min with respect to COF unit cell. The
adsorption capacity of TPBD-(OMe)2 can be as high as 728.77 mg/g and the
initial adsorption rate of TpBD-(OMe)2 can reach 1.2 g/mol/min in the
presence of oxygen atoms between the methyl group and the benzene
ring.This work not only expands the application of COFs in the field of
iodine adsorption, but also provides research ideas and important
experimental basis for the optimization of iodine adsorption sites.
Detection of Unknown Malicious Microsoft Office Documents based on Hidden Feature Extraction by using Machine Learning
Authors: Saeed Kamran , Adak M. Fatih
Published: January 2024

The detection of unknown malicious non-programmable executable Microsoft
Office files is essential for maintaining the security of computer
systems and networks. Despite implementation and subsequent releases of
new security protocols in Microsoft Office, documents-based viruses are
still common in 2023. Most of these attacks are carried out using
Microsoft Office documents. Recently, Non-Programmable Executable (NPE)
in Microsoft Office documents have been used to attack many
organizations. With the help of minor changes in the behavior of these
office documents, document-based viruses make antivirus useless in
detecting them. This paper proposes a machine learning approach,
artificial intelligence-based anti-malware that can be used to detect
the presence of malicious entities inside Microsoft Office documents.
The detection capabilities of the anti-malware enhance over time. With
the help of machine learning and hidden feature extraction (HFEM) and
analysis, a malware detection model is designed to detect any malicious
activity inside a Microsoft Office file. To address that issue, the
model proposed in this paper integrates self-learning techniques that
can be used by antivirus teams during their research while improving the
detection capabilities of the antivirus software. The proposed model
detects whether the files are malicious or benign and ensures that no
files bypass the antivirus and harm the user. The proposed model
achieved 99.9% accuracy in detecting malicious files, which is
comparatively better than most existing antivirus software. The
processing speed is five files per second which are helpful in terms of
saving time.
The role of systemic inflammation in the development of posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery
Authors: Uzun Feyzahan , Aydın Emre , Akgöz Hasan , Aslan Mehmet Gökhan
Published: January 2024

Background: Inflammation has a major role in proliferation, migration
and differentiation of lens epithelial cells after cataract surgery,
which is clinically manifested as posterior capsule opacification (PCO).
We aimed to assess a link between serum inflammatory indicators and the
risk of developing PCO. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts
from all patients who underwent neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet
(Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy in our department between 2021 and 2022. A
total of 30 patients who underwent Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy following
cataract surgery and 29 pseudophakic controls were included. Complete
blood count (CBC) parameters were obtained from medical records.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 72.05±9.15 years. No
significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of age
and sex distribution. Even though neutrophil count was higher and
lymphocyte count was lower in the Nd:YAG laser group, the difference in
initial and postoperative complete blood count parameters was not
significant among groups (p>0.05). The mean initial and
final values of NLR, PLR and MLR was higher than control group with no
statistical significance (p>0.05). Conclusion: Some serum
inflammation parameters tend to be higher in patients with PCO with no
statistical significance. In the future, more works are needed to
evaluate the role of systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of PCO.
Study function of endometrial mucin-2 on the tight junction structure of epithelial cells under bacterial endotoxins
Authors: Wu Chenchen , Yan Dujian , Zhou Mengru , Lu Dezhang
Published: January 2024

To analysis fuction of mucin-2 on the tight junction structure of uterus
under dacterial endotoxins. Endotoxins are produced by
lipopolysaccharides (LPS) components in the outer membrane of
gram-negative bacteria, which cause great harm to humans and animals. A
vast number of mucin-2 (MUC2) forms a mucus layer covering endometrial
epithelial cells. The mucus layer and tight junction structure of
epithelial cells can resist damage from foreign bacteria and their
toxins in the uterus. However, the interaction between MUC2 and tight
junction proteins is not clear. In this experiment, we used endotoxin to
treat uterine tissue pre- and postweaning in female mice and observed
the effect of endotoxin-induced MUC2 on the tight junction structure of
epithelial cells in the uterus. The results showed that a large amount
of endotoxin accumulated in the uterus after 21 days of postdelivery
weaning. The thicker mucus layer of the uterus is used to prevent the
translocation of endotoxin at 21d postdelivery. When endotoxin acts on
the uterus to thin its mucous layer, the cells in the lamina propria of
the uterus secrete a large number of glycoprotein particles at 27d
postdelivery. The glycoprotein particles are incompletely
glycosylation-modified MUC2, which can interact with the cell membrane
and are released in large quantities in the form of exocytosis. These
glycoprotein particles can significantly repair tight junction
structures in the intercellular space and significantly increase the
expression of claudin-1, JAM, E-cadherin, ZO-1 and desmosome proteins
after endotoxin treatment. The results of the present work showed that
endotoxins can thin the uterine mucus layer and accelerate the release
of incompletely glycosylated MUC2 from lamina propria cells. In
intercellular spaces, MUC2 can increase its expression levels and
distribution area to repair the tight junction structure of cells with
larger gaps. Further strengthening of the barrier prevents endotoxin
translocation by repairing the tight junction structure of uterine
epithelial cells.
Understanding the Interfacial Energy Structure and Electron Ex-traction Process in Inverted Organic Solar Cells with Phos-phine-doped Cathode Interlayers
Authors: Yang Yi , Wang Jingwen , Yang Xiao , Xu Bowei , Hou Jianhui
Published: January 2024

Cathode interlayers (CILs) play an essential role in achieving efficient
organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the electronic structure at the
electrode/CIL/active layer interfaces and the underlying mechanisms for
electron collection remain unclear, which becomes a major obstacle to
develop high-performance CILs. Herein, we investigate the relationship
of the electron collection abilities of four cross-linked and n-doped
CILs (c-NDI:P0, c-NDI:P1, c-NDI:P2, c-NDI:P3) with their electronic
structure of space charge region at hetero-junction interface. By
accurately calculating the depletion region width according to the
barrier height, doping density and permittivi-ty, we put forward that
the optimal thickness of CIL should be consistent with the depletion
region width to realize the minimum en-ergy loss. As a result, the
depletion region width is largely reduced from 13 nm to 0.8 nm at the
indium tin oxide (ITO)/c-NDI:P0 in-terface, resulting in a decent PCE of
17.7% for the corresponding inverted OSCs.
T-cell responses in COVID-19 survivors six to eight months after infection: a longitudinal cohort study in Pune
Authors: SURYAWANSHI POONAM , Patil-Takbhate Bhagyashri , Athavale Prachi , Kanitkar Shubhangi , Shivnitwar Sachin Kisan , Barthwal M. S. , Dole Sachinkumar , Chavan Hanumant , Jali Priyanka , Pawale Sujata , Kakad Dhanashree , Kakrani Arjun , Bhawalkar Jitendra , Gandhi Madhura Ajitkumar , Chaturvedi Sarika , Karandikar Mahesh , Tripathy Srikant
Published: January 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 immune response is crucial for disease management,
although diminishing immunity raises the possibility of reinfection. In
matched samples collected at one month and six to eight months after
infection, we examined the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 in a
group of convalescent critically ill COVID-19 patients. The PBMCs were
isolated from enrolled study participants and flow cytometry analysis
was done to assess the lymphocyte subsets of naive, effector, central
memory, and effector memory CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in COVID-19 patients at
one month and six to eight months after infection. Immunophenotypic
characterization of immune cell subsets was performed on individuals who
were followed longitudinally for one month (n=44) and up to 6-8 months
(n=25) after recovery from COVID infection. We observed that CD4+ T
cells in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients tended to decrease, whereas
CD8+ T cells steadily recovered after one month, while there was a
sustained increase in the population of effector T cells and effector
memory T cells. Furthermore, COVID-19 patients showed persistently low B
cells and a small increase in the NK cell population. In conclusion, our
findings show that T cell responses were maintained at 6-8 months after
infection. This opens new pathways for further research into the
long-term effects in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis.
Idealized Offshore Low-Level Jets for Turbine Structural Impact Considerations
Authors: Jong Emily de , Quon Eliot , Zalkind Daniel
Published: January 2024

Low level jets (LLJs) describe conditions in which the wind speed
reaches a local maximum with respect to altitude near the surface, and
have been observed intermittently in the US Mid-Atlantic offshore
environment. LLJs pose unique operating conditions for future wind
turbines operating in the region, presenting negative shear and locally
strong veer, but they are not typically considered in existing turbine
standards. This work builds upon recent research that explains the
formation and evolution of U.S. Mid-Atlantic LLJs through a simple
analytical governing equation. We generate several LLJ inflow conditions
with varying jet characteristics based on this analytical model and
create monotonically-sheared (MS) analogues with constant veer in order
to assess the impacts of the LLJ on turbine performance and loading.
Using aeroelastic simulations with these inflow conditions on the IEA
15MW reference turbine, we find that the LLJ leads to a greater range of
tower top pitching and yawing moments, which could contribute to larger
accumulated structural fatigue in components compared to
monotonically-sheared inflow. These preliminary results demonstrate a
path toward a unified set of test cases for low-level wind maxima that
can inform International Electrotechnical Commission standards related
to offshore wind turbine design.
Direct analysis of very small amount of blood by a disposable monolithic column mass spectrometry kit
Authors: Wang Wenxin , Han Jin , Zheng Yutong , Wang Haijie , Zhu Chengbiao , Li Yongyi , Feng Yuqi , Wei Zhenwei , Wang Xiangyu
Published: January 2024

A disposable monolithic column mass spectrometry kit was developed based
on monolithic column for microsampling, purification, storage,
transportation and direct MS analysis of whole blood. The kit mainly
consists of a capillary for quantitative microsampling of very small
amount of blood (2 μL), a cation exchange monolithic column for
purification and storage, and a syringe for loading sample. The cost of
the kit is estimated to only one dollar. This MS kit is very friendly to
various users that one can easily siphon small amount blood in the kit
followed by rapid sample clean-up in 30s. We established a rapid
quantitative method using the kit with a limit detection as low as 0.33
nM, achieved more than five orders of magnitude enhancement in MS
analysis sensitivity compared to nanoelectrospray ionization MS
analysis. The kit can avoid analyte exposure to oxygen, moisture and
sunlight, which helps the storage of the sample. The relative standard
deviation within 10 days were less than 10%. This method has been
successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of procainamide
hydrochloride in 2 μL rat blood. These results indicate that this kit
does have the potential to achieve low-cost, highly sensitive
quantitative MS analysis of biological sample.
Feasible Synthesis of N, O-Bidentate Difluoroboron Chromo-phores through Direct Functionalization of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with Ketones in One Shot
Authors: Zhang Shuaichen , Zhang Jing , Ling Xiang , Zhao Yifa , Ma Yue , Sun Peng
Published: January 2024

Organic difluoroboron complexes is a kind of potential platforms for a
wide range of applications owing to their excellent photo-physical
properties. Herein, we have explored a simple and direct synthesis
methodologies for a library of N,O-Bidentate difluoroboron complexes
from quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and ketones in one shot. The photophysical
properties of the generated com-plexes were evaluated and the
application potential of these compound on subcellular was also
explored.
INFLAMMATORY, HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL BIOMARKERS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS
Authors: Ayako Rebeccah M. , Patel Kirtika , Ndede Isaac , Nordgren Johan , Larsson Marie , Mining Simeon K.
Published: January 2024

There are few accurate prognostic indications of the illness’s
development and severity for COVID-19, despite certain biomarkers having
been investigated. The unexpected nature of COVID-19’s course, which can
quickly progress from asymptomatic to severe disease, lies at the heart
of the disease’s intricacy. Predicting SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity through
laboratory biomarkers and as such, identifying the patients’ illness
severity at the time of initial admission would be crucial in aiding
patient care. In this study, we sought to evaluate hematological,
biochemical and inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 patients. This was a
cross-sectional research with 48 COVID-19 patients (16
asymptomatic/mild, 16 moderate, and 16 severe) and 48 age-sex matched
COVID-19-negative clients from Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in
Kenya. On admission, demographic information, symptoms, and laboratory
test results were collected. Significantly, COVID-19 severity was
associated with hemoglobin (p<0.0001), white blood cells
(p=0.0022), hematocrit (p<0.0001), blood urea nitrogen
(p=0.01), blood sodium (p=0.0002), potassium (p=0.0483), C-reactive
protein (p=0.0002), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (p<0.0001). CRP
showed a high positive connection (0.5433; p=0.0006) with COVID-19
severity, but LDH showed a mild positive correlation (0.2484;
p<0.0001). When comparing asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 to severe
COVID-19, discriminative accuracy for CRP and LDH was greatest
(AUC:0.8867, 95% CI:0.7532-1.000) and (AUC:1.000, 95% CI:1.000-1.000),
respectively. Inflammatory biomarkers, hematological and biochemical
indices have the potential to complement SARS-CoV-2 testing and predict
the course of COVID-19. This will be useful in designing appropriate
care for COVID-19 patients through targeted therapy.