bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rare Manifestation of a c.290 C>T, p.Gly97GluVCPMutation
Authors: Jerath Nivedita U. , Crockett Cameron D. , Moore Steven A. , Shy Michael E. , Weihl Conrad C. , Chou Tsui-Fen , Grider Tiffany , Gonzalez Michael A. , Zuchner Stephan , Swenson Andrea
Published: March 2015

Introduction. The valosin-containing protein (VCP) regulates several distinct cellular processes. Consistent with this,VCPmutations manifest variable clinical phenotypes among and within families and are a diagnostic challenge.Methods. A 60-year-old man who played ice hockey into his 50’s was evaluated by electrodiagnostics, muscle biopsy, and molecular genetics.Results. With long-standing pes cavus and toe walking, our patient developed progressive weakness, cramps, memory loss, and paresthesias at age 52. An axonal sensorimotor neuropathy was found upon repeated testing at age 58. Neuropathic histopathology was present in the quadriceps, and exome sequencing revealed theVCPmutation c.290 C>T, p.Gly97Glu.Conclusions. Our patient reflects the clinical heterogeneity of VCP mutations, as his neurological localization is a spectrum between a lower motor neuron disorder and a hereditary axonal peripheral neuropathy such as CMT2. Our case demonstrates a rare manifestation of the c.290 C>T, pGly97GluVCPmutation.
A Standardized Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation Named Yejuhua Capsule Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice via Downregulating Toll-Like Receptor 4/Nuclear Factor-κB
Authors: Li Chu-Wen , Chen Zhi-Wei , Wu Xiao-Li , Ning Zhao-Xiao , Su Zu-Qing , Li Yu-Cui , Su Zi-Ren , Lai Xiao-Ping
Published: March 2015

A standardized traditional Chinese medicine preparation named Yejuhua capsule (YJH) has been clinically used in treatments of various acute respiratory system diseases with high efficacy and low toxicity. In this study, we were aiming to evaluate potential effects and to elucidate underlying mechanisms of YJH against lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Moreover, the chemical analysis and chromatographic fingerprint study were performed for quality evaluation and control of this drug. ALI was induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS (5 mg/kg) into the lung in mice and dexamethasone (5 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as a positive control drug. Results demonstrated that pretreatments with YJH (85, 170, and 340 mg/kg, p.o.) effectively abated LPS-induced histopathologic changes, attenuated the vascular permeability enhancement and edema, inhibited inflammatory cells migrations and protein leakages, suppressed the ability of myeloperoxidase, declined proinflammatory cytokines productions, and downregulated activations of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). This study demonstrated that YJH exerted potential protective effects against LPS-induced ALI in mice and supported that YJH was a potential therapeutic drug for ALI in clinic. And its mechanisms were at least partially associated with downregulations of TLR4/NF-κB pathways.
Research on the Coordinated Design of Bus and Taxi Station
Authors: Xi Jiangfeng , Wang Quan , Ding Tongqiang , Zheng Lili , Wang Shengli , Li Wei
Published: March 2015

Rises in the number of transit buses, bus routes, and overall traffic volume in China’s cities, coupled with interference from other transport modes, such as taxis loading and unloading passengers nearby, have led to increasing traffic delays at bus stops, which is considered one of the factors degrading service levels and traffic operations on urban roadways. This paper studies traffic characteristics at bus stops, investigates variations in delay from different types or designs of bus stops, and analyzes the impact of it on traffic capacity, the purpose of which is to propose a solution to predicting the feasibility of an integrated design of bus stops and taxi stands with the help of mathematical models and based on the objectives of optimal traffic operations and passenger transfer.
Numerical Study of the Influence of Heat Source on Stagnation Point Flow towards a Stretching Surface of a Jeffrey Nanoliquid
Authors: Ramesh G. K.
Published: March 2015

An analysis is carried out to study the flow of Jeffrey fluid near a stagnation point towards a permeable stretching sheet. In particular, we investigate the effect of temperature dependent internal heat generation or absorption in the presence of nanoparticles. The governing system of partial differential equations is transformed into ordinary differential equations, which are then solved numerically using the fourth-fifth-order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method. Comparisons with previously published work on special cases of the problem are performed and found to be in excellent agreement. The results of the governing parametric study are shown graphically and the physical aspects of the problem are highlighted and discussed.
New Enhanced Artificial Bee Colony (JA‐ABC5) Algorithm with Application for Reactive Power Optimization
Authors: Sulaiman Noorazliza , Mohamad-Saleh Junita , Abro Abdul Ghani
Published: March 2015

The standard artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm involves exploration and exploitation processes which need to be balanced for enhanced performance. This paper proposes a new modified ABC algorithm named JA‐ABC5 to enhance convergence speed and improve the ability to reach the global optimum by balancing exploration and exploitation processes. New stages have been proposed at the earlier stages of the algorithm to increase the exploitation process. Besides that, modified mutation equations have also been introduced in the employed and onlooker‐bees phases to balance the two processes. The performance of JA‐ABC5 has been analyzed on 27 commonly used benchmark functions and tested to optimize the reactive power optimization problem. The performance results have clearly shown that the newly proposed algorithm has outperformed other compared algorithms in terms of convergence speed and global optimum achievement.
Evaluation of the Effects of Some Brazilian Medicinal Plants on the Production of TNF-αand CCL2 by THP-1 Cells
Authors: Gusman Grasielle S. , Campana Priscilla R. V. , Castro Luciano C. , Castilho Rachel O. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Braga Fernão C.
Published: March 2015

Several plant species are traditionally used in Brazil to treat various inflammatory diseases. Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-)αand chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) are key inflammatory mediators in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis, respectively; nevertheless, only a few extracts have been assayed against these targets. We herein report the effect of 19 plant extracts on TNF-αand CCL2 release by lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated THP-1 cells, a human monocytic leukemia cell line, along with their radical scavenging activity on DPPH. The extracts ofCaryocar brasiliense,Casearia sylvestris,Coccoloba cereifera, andTerminalia glabrescensinhibited TNF-αproduction in a concentration-dependent manner. Fractionation of these extracts potentiated the anti-TNF-αeffect, which was shown to concentrate in polar fractions, mainly composed by polyphenols. Significant CCL2 inhibition was elicited byLippia sidoidesandTerminalia glabrescensextracts, whose fractionation resulted in highly active low polar fractions. All assayed extracts showed strong radical scavenging activity, but antioxidant activity did not correlate with inhibition of TNF-αor CCL2 production. Our results allowed identifying extracts with selective capacity to block cytokine production; therefore, further purification of these extracts may yield molecules that could be useful in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
The Utility of Iron Chelators in the Management of Inflammatory Disorders
Authors: Lehmann C. , Islam S. , Jarosch S. , Zhou J. , Hoskin D. , Greenshields A. , Al-Banna N. , Sharawy N. , Sczcesniak A. , Kelly M. , Wafa K. , Cheliak W. , Holbein B.
Published: March 2015

Since iron can contribute to detrimental radical generating processes through the Fenton and Haber‐Weiss reactions, it seems to be a reasonable approach to modulate iron‐related pathways in inflammation. In the human organism a counterregulatory reduction in iron availability is observed during inflammatory diseases. Under pathological conditions with reduced or increased baseline iron levels different consequences regarding protection or susceptibility to inflammation have to be considered. Given the role of iron in development of inflammatory diseases, pharmaceutical agents targeting this pathway promise to improve the clinical outcome. The objective of this review is to highlight the mechanisms of iron regulation and iron chelation, and to demonstrate the potential impact of this strategy in the management of several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, including cancer.
Simultaneous Cranioplasty and Subdural‐Peritoneal Shunting for Contralateral Symptomatic Subdural Hygroma following Decompressive Craniectomy
Authors: Lin Muh-Shi , Chen Tzu-Hsuan , Kung Woon-Man , Chen Shuo-Tsung
Published: March 2015

Background. Contralateral subdural hygroma caused by decompressive craniectomy tends to combine with external cerebral herniation, causing neurological deficits. Material and Methods. Nine patients who underwent one‐stage, simultaneous cranioplasty and contralateral subdural‐peritoneal shunting were included in this study. Clinical outcome was assessed by Glasgow Outcome Scale as well as Glasgow Coma Scale, muscle power scoring system, and complications. Results. Postoperative computed tomography scans demonstrated completely resolved subdural hygroma and reversed midline shifts, indicating excellent outcome. Among these 9 patients, 4 patients (44%) had improved GOS following the proposed surgery. Four out of 4 patients with lethargy became alert and orientated following surgical intervention. Muscle strength improved significantly 5 months after surgery in 7 out of 7 patients with weakness. Two out of 9 patients presented with drowsiness due to hydrocephalus at an average time of 65 days after surgery. Double gradient shunting is useful to eliminate the respective hydrocephalus and contralateral subdural hygroma. Conclusion. The described surgical technique is effective in treating symptomatic contralateral subdural hygroma following decompressive craniectomy and is associated with an excellent structural and functional outcome. However, subdural‐peritoneal shunting plus cranioplasty thoroughly resolves the subdural hygroma collection, which might deteriorate the cerebrospinal fluid circulation, leading to hydrocephalus.
Simulating Flow and Dispersion by Using WRF-CFD Coupled Model in a Built-Up Area of Shenyang, China
Authors: Zheng Yijia , Miao Yucong , Liu Shuhua , Chen Bicheng , Zheng Hui , Wang Shu
Published: March 2015

Results are presented from a series of numerical studies designed to investigate the atmospheric boundary layer structure, ambient wind, and pollutant source location and their impacts on the wind field and pollutant distribution within the built-up areas of Shenyang, China. Two models, namely, Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM) software package and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, are used in the present study. Then the high resolution computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical experiments were performed under the typical simulated atmospheric boundary conditions. It was found that the atmospheric boundary structure played a crucial role in the pollution within the building cluster, which determined the potential turbulent diffusion ability of the atmospheric surface layer; the change of the ambient wind direction can significantly affect the dispersion pattern of pollutants, which was a more sensitive factor than the ambient wind speed; under a given atmospheric state, the location of the pollution sources would dramatically determine the pollution patterns within built-up areas. The WRF-CFD numerical evaluation is a reliable method to understand the complicated flow and dispersion within built-up areas.
A Hybrid Model Based on Wavelet Decomposition-Reconstruction in Track Irregularity State Forecasting
Authors: Jia Chaolong , Wei Lili , Wang Hanning , Yang Jiulin
Published: March 2015

Wavelet is able to adapt to the requirements of time-frequency signal analysis automatically and can focus on any details of the signal and then decompose the function into the representation of a series of simple basis functions. It is of theoretical and practical significance. Therefore, this paper does subdivision on track irregularity time series based on the idea of wavelet decomposition-reconstruction and tries to find the best fitting forecast model of detail signal and approximate signal obtained through track irregularity time series wavelet decomposition, respectively. On this ideology, piecewise gray-ARMA recursive based on wavelet decomposition and reconstruction (PG-ARMARWDR) and piecewise ANN-ARMA recursive based on wavelet decomposition and reconstruction (PANN-ARMARWDR) models are proposed. Comparison and analysis of two models have shown that both these models can achieve higher accuracy.
Feedback Linearization and Sliding Mode Control for VIENNA Rectifier Based on Differential Geometry Theory
Authors: Lu Xiang , Xie Yunxiang , Chen Li
Published: March 2015

Aiming at the nonlinear characteristics of VIENNA rectifier and using differential geometry theory, a dual closed-loop control strategy is proposed, that is, outer voltage loop using sliding mode control strategy and inner current loop using feedback linearization control strategy. On the basis of establishing the nonlinear mathematical model of VIENNA rectifier ind-qsynchronous rotating coordinate system, an affine nonlinear model of VIENNA rectifier is established. The theory of feedback linearization is utilized to linearize the inner current loop so as to realize thed-qaxis variable decoupling. The control law of outer voltage loop is deduced by utilizing sliding mode control and index reaching law. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed control strategy, simulation model is built in simulation platform of Matlab/Simulink. Simulation results verify the validity of the proposed control strategy, and the controller has a strong robustness in the case of parameter variations or load disturbances.
A Man with Unilateral Endophthalmitis: A Case of Disseminated Nocardiosis
Authors: Navarrete-Navarrete N. , Escobar Sevilla J. , Toribio García M. , Urbano F. , Sabio J. M. , Jiménez-Alonso J.
Published: March 2015

We present the case of a patient with an infection by Nocardia which manifested itself with monocular endophthalmitis. Nocardia infection is not common and ocular involvement is one of the most uncommon presentations. In these cases it is very important to make an early diagnosis and intensive treatment to prevent the visual prognosis.
Over/Undervoltage and Undervoltage Shift of Hybrid Islanding Detection Method of Distributed Generation
Authors: Yingram Manop , Premrudeepreechacharn Suttichai
Published: March 2015

The mainly used local islanding detection methods may be classified as active and passive methods. Passive methods do not perturb the system but they have larger nondetection zones, whereas active methods have smaller nondetection zones but they perturb the system. In this paper, a new hybrid method is proposed to solve this problem. An over/undervoltage (passive method) has been used to initiate an undervoltage shift (active method), which changes the undervoltage shift of inverter, when the passive method cannot have a clear discrimination between islanding and other events in the system. Simulation results on MATLAB/SIMULINK show that over/undervoltage and undervoltage shifts of hybrid islanding detection method are very effective because they can determine anti‐islanding condition very fast. ΔP/P > 38.41% could determine anti‐islanding condition within 0.04 s; ΔP/P < −24.39% could determine anti‐islanding condition within 0.04 s; −24.39% ≤ ΔP/P ≤  38.41% could determine anti‐islanding condition within 0.08 s. This method perturbed the system, only in the case of −24.39%  ≤ ΔP/P  ≤ 38.41% at which the control system of inverter injected a signal of undervoltage shift as necessary to check if the occurrence condition was an islanding condition or not.
Hydrogen‐Rich Saline Attenuates Acute Renal Injury in Sodium Taurocholate‐Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis by Inhibiting ROS and NF‐κB Pathway
Authors: Shi Qiao , Liao Kang-Shu , Zhao Kai-Liang , Wang Wei-Xing , Zuo Teng , Deng Wen-Hong , Chen Chen , Yu Jia , Guo Wen-Yi , He Xiao-Bo , Abliz Ablikim , Wang Peng , Zhao Liang
Published: March 2015

Hydrogen (H2), a new antioxidant, was reported to reduce •OH and ONOO− selectively and inhibit certain proinflammatory mediators to product, without disturbing metabolic redox reactions or ROS involved in cell signaling. We herein aim to explore its protective effects on acute renal injury in sodium taurocholate‐induced acute pancreatitis and its possible mechanisms. Rats were injected with hydrogen‐rich saline (HRS group) or normal saline (SO and SAP group) through tail intravenously (6 mL/kg) and compensated subcutaneously (20 mL/kg) after successful modeling. Results showed that hydrogen‐rich saline attenuated the following: (1) serum Cr and BUN, (2) pancreatic and renal pathological injuries, (3) renal MDA, (4) renal MPO, (5) serum IL‐1β, IL‐6, and renal TNF‐α, HMGB1, and (6) tyrosine nitration, IκB degradation, and NF‐κB activation in renal tissues. In addition, it increased the level of IL‐10 and SOD activity in renal tissues. These results proved that hydrogen‐rich saline attenuates acute renal injury in sodium taurocholate‐induced acute pancreatitis, presumably because of its detoxification activity against excessive ROS, and inhibits the activation of NF‐κB by affecting IκB nitration and degradation. Our findings highlight the potential value of hydrogen‐rich saline as a new therapeutic method on acute renal injury in severe acute pancreatitis clinically.
Motorcycle-Related Traumatic Brain Injuries: Helmet Use and Treatment Outcome
Authors: Nnadi Mathias Ogbonna Nnanna , Bankole Olufemi Babatola , Fente Beleudanyo Gbalipre
Published: March 2015

Summary. With increasing use of motorcycle as means of transport in developing countries, traumatic brain injuries from motorcycle crashes have been increasing. The only single gadget that protects riders from traumatic brain injury is crash helmet. Objective. The objectives were to determine the treatment outcome among traumatic brain injury patients from motorcycle crashes and the rate of helmet use among them. Methods. It was a prospective, cross-sectional study of motorcycle-related traumatic brain injury patients managed in our center from 2010 to 2014. Patients were managed using our unit protocol for traumatic brain injuries. Data for the study were collected in accident and emergency, intensive care unit, wards, and outpatient clinic. The data were analyzed using Environmental Performance Index (EPI) info 7 software. Results. Ninety-six patients were studied. There were 87 males. Drivers were 65. Only one patient wore helmet. Majority of them were between 20 and 40 years. Fifty-three patients had mild head injuries. Favorable outcome among them was 84.35% while mortality was 12.5%. Severity of the injury affected the outcome significantly. Conclusion. Our study showed that the helmet use by motorcycle riders was close to zero despite the existing laws making its use compulsory in Nigeria. The outcome was related to severity of injuries.
Panorama-Based Multilane Recognition for Advanced Navigation Map Generation
Authors: Yang Ming , Gu Xiaolin , Lu Hao , Wang Chunxiang , Ye Lei
Published: March 2015

Precise navigation map is crucial in many fields. This paper proposes a panorama based method to detect and recognize lane markings and traffic signs on the road surface. Firstly, to deal with the limited field of view and the occlusion problem, this paper designs a vision-based sensing system which consists of a surround view system and a panoramic system. Secondly, in order to detect and identify traffic signs on the road surface, sliding window based detection method is proposed. Template matching method and SVM (Support Vector Machine) are used to recognize the traffic signs. Thirdly, to avoid the occlusion problem, this paper utilities vision based ego-motion estimation to detect and remove other vehicles. As surround view images contain less dynamic information and gray scales, improved ICP (Iterative Closest Point) algorithm is introduced to ensure that the ego-motion parameters are consequently obtained. For panoramic images, optical flow algorithm is used. The results from the surround view system help to filter the optical flow and optimize the ego-motion parameters; other vehicles are detected by the optical flow feature. Experimental results show that it can handle different kinds of lane markings and traffic signs well.
Monotone and Concave Positive Solutions to Three-Point Boundary Value Problems of Higher-Order Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Zhong Wenyong , Wang Lanfang
Published: March 2015

We study the three-point boundary value problem of higher-order fractional differential equations of the formDc0+ρut+ft, ut=0,0<t<1,2⩽n-1<ρ<n,u′(0)=u′′(0)=⋯=un-1(0)=0,u(1)+pu′(1)=qu′(ξ), where cD0+ρis the Caputo fractional derivative of orderρ, and the functionf:[0,1]×[0,∞)↦[0,+∞)is continuously differentiable. Here,0⩽q⩽p,0<ξ<1,2⩽n-1<ρ<n. By virtue of some fixed point theorems, some sufficient criteria for the existence and multiplicity results of positive solutions are established and the obtained results also guarantee that the positive solutions discussed are monotone and concave.
Rebirth of Liquid Crystals for Sensoric Applications: Environmental and Gas Sensors
Authors: Shibaev P. V. , Wenzlick M. , Murray J. , Tantillo A. , Howard-Jennings J.
Published: March 2015

Films and droplets of liquid crystals may soon become an essential part of sensitive environmental sensors and detectors of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air. In this paper a short overview of recent progress in the area of sensors based on liquid crystals is presented, along with the studies of low molar mass liquid crystals as gas sensors. The detection of VOCs in the air may rely on each of the following effects sequentially observed one after the other: (i) slight changes in orientation and order parameter of liquid crystal, (ii) formation of bubbles on the top of the liquid crystalline droplet, and (iii) complete isotropisation of the liquid crystal. These three stages can be easily monitored by a photo camera and/or optical microscopy. Detection limits corresponding to the first stage are typically lower by a factor of at least 3–6 than detection limits corresponding to isotropisation. The qualitative model taking into account the reorientation of liquid crystals is presented to account for the observed changes.
Model for Charge Transport in Ferroelectric Nanocomposite Film
Authors: Lean Meng H. , Chu Wei-Ping L.
Published: March 2015

This paper describes 3D particle-in-cell simulation of charge injection and transport through nanocomposite film comprised of ferroelectric ceramic nanofillers in an amorphous polymer matrix and/or semicrystalline ferroelectric polymer with varying degrees of crystallinity. The classical electrical double layer model for a monopolar core is extended to represent the nanofiller/nanocrystallite by replacing it with a dipolar core. Charge injection at the electrodes assumes metal-polymer Schottky emission at low to moderate fields and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling at high fields. Injected particles propagate via field-dependent Poole-Frenkel mobility. The simulation algorithm uses a boundary integral equation method for solution of the Poisson equation coupled with a second-order predictor-corrector scheme for robust time integration of the equations of motion. The stability criterion of the explicit algorithm conforms to the Courant-Friedrichs-Levy limit assuring robust and rapid convergence. Simulation results for BaTiO3 nanofiller in amorphous polymer matrix and semicrystalline PVDF with varying degrees of crystallinity indicate that charge transport behavior depends on nanoparticle polarization with antiparallel orientation showing the highest conduction and therefore the lowest level of charge trapping in the interaction zone. Charge attachment to nanofillers and nanocrystallites increases with vol% loading or degree of crystallinity and saturates at 30–40 vol% for the set of simulation parameters.
High Real-Time Design of Digital Pulse Compression Based on FPGA
Authors: Qu Xiujie , Ma Cuimei , Zhang Shixin , Lian Sitong
Published: March 2015

Because of the poor real-time performance of in-place fast Fourier transforms, a reconfigurable radix-4 FFT processor is studied and designed, which is based on decimation-in-time and single floating-point computation. The proposed method adopts “pipeline and parallel” structure for accessing multiple memories to improve the FFT processing speed, and then it is applied to digital pulse compression. The experimental result shows that the proposed FFT based on radix-4 computation can implement digital pulse compression rapidly under no adding hardware resources. The proposed method can be also applied to other radix FFTs.
On the Stator Slot Geometry of a Cable Wound Generator for Hydrokinetic Energy Conversion
Authors: Grabbe Mårten , Eriksson Sandra , Leijon Mats
Published: March 2015

The stator slot geometry of a cable wound permanent magnet synchronous generator for hydrokinetic energy conversion is evaluated. Practical experience from winding two cable wound generators is used to propose optimized dimensions of different parts in the stator slot geometry. A thorough investigation is performed through simulations of how small geometrical changes alter the generator performance. The finite element method (FEM) is used to model the generator and the simulations show that small changes in the geometry can have large effect on the performance of the generator. Furthermore, it is concluded that the load angle is especially sensitive to small geometrical changes. A new generator design is proposed which shows improved efficiency, reduced weight, and a possibility to decrease the expensive permanent magnet material by almost one‐fifth.
A Multifaceted Approach for Safety Design and Probabilistic Optimization
Authors: Lin Po Ting , Manuel Mark Christian E. , Liu Yi-Hung , Chou Yu-Cheng , Ting Yung , Shyu Shian-Shing , Chen Chang-Kuo , Lee Chun-Lin
Published: March 2015

Safety design and probabilistic optimization are fields that are widely subject to uncertainty, thus making traditional deterministic methods highly unreliable for these two fields. Popular design optimizations methods widely used for safety design and probabilistic optimization are the performance measure approach (PMA) and the performance measure approach (RIA). In a problem where the analysis is performed from an infeasible design space, a modified reliability index approach (MRIA) is employed to address some inefficiency of the traditional RIA to be able to find the optimal solutions. The PMA uses an inverse reliability analysis, which is more computationally efficient at finding the most probable design points but has been reported to have numerical instabilities on some cases. In this paper, three benchmark examples were thoroughly studied with various initial points to examine the stability and efficiency of MRIA and PMA. A hybrid reliability approach (HRA) was then presented after determining a selection factor from the optimum conditions. The proposed HRA aims to determine which of the two optimization methods would be more appropriate during the optimization processes.
Impact of Traffic Sign on Pedestrians’ Walking Behavior
Authors: Xiong Hui , Yao Pingfu , Guo Xuedong , Chu Chenglong , Wang Wuhong
Published: March 2015

To study the impact of traffic sign on pedestrian walking behavior, the paper applies cellular automaton to simulate one-way pedestrian flow. The channel is defined as a rectangle with one open entrance and two exits of equal width. Traffic sign showing that exit is placed with some distance in the middle front of the two exits. In the simulation, walking environment is set with various input density, width of exit, width and length of the channel, and distance of the traffic sign to exit. Simulation results indicate that there exists a critical distance from the traffic sign to exit for a given channel layout. At the critical distance, pedestrian flow fluctuates. Below such critical distance, flow is getting larger with the increase of input density. However, the flow drops sharply when the input density is over a critical level. If the distance is a little bit further than the critical distance, the largest flow occurs and the flow can remain steady no matter what input density will be.
A Study on the Distributed Antenna Based Heterogeneous Cognitive Wireless Network Synchronous MAC Protocol
Authors: Huang Lian-Fen , Zhou Sha-Li , Zhao Yi-Feng , Chao Han-Chieh
Published: March 2015

This paper introduces distributed antennas into a cognitive radio network and presents a heterogeneous network. The best contribution of this paper is that it designs a synchronous cognitive MAC protocol (DAHCWNS-MAC protocol: distributed antenna based heterogeneous cognitive wireless network synchronous MAC protocol). The novel protocol aims at combining the advantages of cognitive radio and distributed antennas to fully utilize the licensed spectrum, broaden the communication range, and improve throughput. This paper carries out the mathematical modeling and performance simulation to demonstrate its superiority in improving the network throughput at the cost of increasing antenna hardware costs.
Preparation and Characterization of Barite/TiO2Composite Particles
Authors: Zhou Hong , Wang Mengmeng , Ding Hao , Du Gaoxiang
Published: March 2015

To make full use of barite mineral and obtain a kind of composite particles material which has the property of both barite and TiO2, the composite particles material with TiO2coated on the surface of barite particle was prepared by the method of TiOSO4solution chemical hydrolysis and precipitation to form hydrolysis composite, removing the impurities of hydrolysis composite, drying, and calcination in this study. The results were evaluated by the covering power of composites. Composite structure and properties were characterized by means of XRD, SEM, FTIR, and XPS. The results showed that the surface of barite had been coated with rutile TiO2uniformly and compactly and the hiding power value and oil absorption value of the composite powder were 18.50 g/m2and 15.5 g/100 g, respectively, which had similar pigment performances to TiO2. The results also showed that it was mainly the strong chemical bond between barite and TiO2that combined them firmly in barite/TiO2composite particle (B/TCP).
PS-Modules over Ore Extensions and Skew Generalized Power Series Rings
Authors: Salem Refaat M. , Farahat Mohamed A. , Abd-Elmalk Hanan
Published: March 2015

A rightR-moduleMRis called a PS-module if its socle,SocMR, is projective. We investigate PS-modules over Ore extension and skew generalized power series extension. LetRbe an associative ring with identity,MRa unitary rightR-module,O=Rx;α,δOre extension,MxOa rightO-module,S,≤a strictly ordered additive monoid,ω:S→EndRa monoid homomorphism,A=RS,≤,ωthe skew generalized power series ring, andBA=MS,≤RS,≤, ωthe skew generalized power series module. Then, under some certain conditions, we prove the following: (1) IfMRis a right PS-module, thenMxOis a right PS-module. (2) IfMRis a right PS-module, thenBAis a right PS-module.
miR-34a Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion of Bladder Cancer Cells by Targeting Orphan Nuclear Receptor HNF4G
Authors: Sun Huaibin , Tian Jun , Xian Wanhua , Xie Tingting , Yang Xiangdong
Published: March 2015

miR-34a is a member of the miR-34 family and acts as a tumor suppressor in bladder cancer. This study explored the regulative role of miR-34a on an orphan nuclear receptor HNF4G, which has a well-confirmed role in bladder tumor growth and invasion. qRT-PCR analysis was applied to measure miR-34a expression in two tumorigenic bladder cancer cell lines 5637 and T24 and one normal human urothelial cell line SV-HUC-1. Luciferase assay was performed to verify the putative binding between miR-34a and HNF4G. The influence of miR-34a-HNF4G axis on cell viability, colony formation, and invasion was assessed with loss- and gain-of-function analysis. This study observed that the miR-34a expressions in 5637 and T24 cells were significantly lower than in SV-HUC-1, while the muscle invasive cell sublines 5637-M and T24-M had even lower miR-34a expression than in the nonmuscle invasive sublines. HNF4G has a 3′-UTR binding site with miR-34a and is a direct downstream target of miR-34a. miR-34a can directly downregulate the expression of HNF4G and thus inhibit tumor cell viability, colony formation, and invasion. Therefore, miR-34a-HNF4G axis is an important pathway modulating cell viability, proliferation, and invasion of bladder cancer cells.
Method for Modeling Electrorheological Dampers Using Its Dynamic Characteristics
Authors: Vivas-Lopez Carlos A. , Hernández-Alcantara Diana , Morales-Menendez Ruben , Ramírez-Mendoza Ricardo A. , Ahuett-Garza Horacio
Published: March 2015

A method for modeling anElectrorheological(ER) damper is proposed. The modeling method comprehends two simple steps: characterization and model customization. These steps are based on the experimental data of the damper behavior. Experiments were designed to explore the nonlinear behavior of the damper at different frequencies and actuation signals (i.e., automotive domain). The resulting model has low computational complexity. The method was experimentally validated with a commercial damper. Theerror-to-signal Ratio(ESR) performance index was used to evaluate the model accuracy. The results were quantitatively compared with two well-known ER damper models: theChoiparametric model and theEyring-plasticmodel. The new proposed model has a 44% better ESR index than theChoiparametric model and 28% for theEyring-plasticmodel. A qualitative comparison based on density plots highlights the advantages of this proposal.
Dynamic Competition and Cooperation of Road Infrastructure Investment of Multiple Tourism Destinations: A Case Study of Xidi and Hongcun World Cultural Heritage
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Wenna , Xu Honggang , Jiang Jie
Published: March 2015

The transportation infrastructure always plays an important role in the development of the local tourism. A system dynamics method incorporated with a destination choice model is proposed in this paper to analyze the dynamic impacts of transportation infrastructure on the tourism development, where multiple tourism destinations share a common market. Tourists’ destination choice behaviors are characterized by a multinomial logit choice model based on the utility of destinations, which depends heavily on the accessibility of destinations that the local administration has strong willingness to improve. The system dynamics method is used to model dynamic interactions among destinations and to simulate the dynamic evolution of the competition on the tourism market. A case study of the World Cultural Heritage Sites, Xidi and Hongcun villages, shows the competition for road infrastructure investment can produce a win-win situation and bring the cooperation on investment due to the positive externality of transport infrastructure and two villages show a tendency to merge into one bigger destination. Finally, the tourism development strategies for two villages are discussed based on the scenario analysis.
Lattice Based Mix Network for Location Privacy in Mobile System
Authors: Singh Kunwar , Rangan C. Pandu , Banerjee A. K.
Published: March 2015

In 1981, David Chaum proposed a cryptographic primitive for privacy calledmix network(Mixnet). A mixnet is cryptographic construction that establishes anonymous communication channel through a set of servers. In 2004, Golle et al. proposed a new cryptographic primitive called universal reencryption which takes the input as encrypted messages under the public key of the recipients not the public key of the universal mixnet. In Eurocrypt 2010, Gentry, Halevi, and Vaikunthanathan presented a cryptosystem which is an additive homomorphic and a multiplicative homomorphic for only one multiplication. In MIST 2013, Singh et al. presented a lattice based universal reencryption scheme under learning with error (LWE) assumption. In this paper, we have improved Singh et al.’s scheme using Fairbrother’s idea. LWE is a lattice hard problem for which till now there is no polynomial time quantum algorithm. Wiangsripanawan et al. proposed a protocol for location privacy in mobile system using universal reencryption whose security is reducible to Decision Diffie-Hellman assumption. Once quantum computer becomes a reality, universal reencryption can be broken in polynomial time by Shor’s algorithm. In postquantum cryptography, our scheme can replace universal reencryption scheme used in Wiangsripanawan et al. scheme for location privacy in mobile system.
Navigation-Guided Transmodiolar Approach for Auditory Nerve Implantation via the Middle Ear in Humans
Authors: Sobhy Afifi Walid Farouk , Guigou Caroline , Mazalaigue Stéphane , Camuset Jean-Paul , Ricolfi Frédéric , Bozorg Grayeli Alexis
Published: March 2015

The aim of this study was to assess the surgical feasibility of a transmodiolar approach via the middle ear cavity for an auditory nerve implantation in humans. In the first part of the study, 6 adult human temporal bones underwent a navigator-guided transmodiolar implantation via the middle ear space after a radical mastoidectomy. In the second part, 122 temporal bone CT scans were analyzed for anatomical parameters relevant to this approach. The nerve implantation was feasible in all temporal bones in laboratory conditions, with a mean target registration error of 0.065 ± 0.0583 mm (n = 6). Evaluation of anatomical parameters on CT scans also supported the feasibility. There was a significant interindividual variation of the modiolar axis and the entry point in relation to visible anatomical landmarks, highlighting the necessity for surgical preplanning.
Long-Term Results of Incus Vibroplasty in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Maier Hannes , Hinze Anna-Lena , Gerdes Timo , Busch Susan , Salcher Rolf , Schwab Burkard , Lenarz Thomas
Published: March 2015

Objectives: The principal aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of the middle ear implant Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) in patients with moderate-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss up to a mean (± standard deviation) duration of 11.1 ± 2.1 years (min. = 8.2, max. = 13.9, n = 16) after the intervention. Design: This was a retrospective, single-subject repeated-measurements study over a long-term period. A total of 104 German-speaking adults (for 122 implants) were included in this study (54 male, 50 female). The mean age at implantation was 54.5 years (min. = 19.0, max. = 80.4). Audiological outcome and speech intelligibility were assessed in all VSB patients at different time points in non-overlapping groups. Results: Bone conduction (BC) thresholds were preserved after the implantation and no indication was found of an increase over time of the small air-bone gaps introduced by the implantation. BC and air conduction thresholds worsened similarly in both implanted and non-implanted ears over time. The decrease in audiological benefit provided by the VSB was moderate and the Word Recognition Score in quiet conditions at 65 dB SPL was still largely improved with the VSB in the longest observed group. Conclusions: These results confirm that the VSB does not affect the integrity of the inner/middle ear and is still beneficial in long-term follow-up.
Age-Related Changes in Diffusion Tensor Imaging Metrics of Fornix Subregions in Healthy Humans
Authors: Chen David Qixiang , Strauss Ido , Hayes Dave J. , Davis Karen D. , Hodaie Mojgan
Published: March 2015

Objective: White matter diffusivity measures of the fornix change with aging, which likely relates to changes in memory and cognition in older adults. Subregional variations in forniceal diffusivity may exist, given its heterogeneous anatomy and connectivity; however, these have not been closely examined in vivo. We examined diffusivity parameters (fractional anisotropy, FA; radial diffusivity, RD; axial diffusivity, AD) in forniceal subregions of healthy subjects and correlated them with age and hippocampal volume. Methods: Diffusion-weighted imaging and streamline tractography of the fornix were performed on 20 healthy, right-handed females (23-66 years). Six anatomical subregions were defined: midline (body, column, precommissural fornix) or lateral (fimbria, crura, postcommissural fornix). Regression analysis was performed comparing diffusivities against age. Hippocampal and ventricular volumes were also compared. Results: Diffusivity values revealed statistical changes with age in both midline and lateralized subregions. The fornix body and left crus showed age-related alterations in all metrics (FA, RD, AD), whereas only right crus FA was altered. There was no significant change in hippocampal volumes, suggesting that forniceal changes may precede hippocampal age-related changes. Conclusions: Age-related changes in fornix diffusivity measures appear subregion dependent and asymmetrical. Specific subregion diffusivity measures may be a more sensitive aging marker than hippocampal volume change.
Fluorofenidone Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Renal Fibrosis in Obstructive Nephropathy via Blocking NOX2 (gp91phox) Expression and Inhibiting ERK/MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Qin Jiao , Mei Wen-Juan , Xie Yan-Yun , Huang Ling , Yuan Qiong-Jing , Hu Gao-Yun , Tao Li-Jian , Peng Zhang-Zhe
Published: March 2015

Background/Aims: We evaluated the therapeutic effects of fluorofenidone (AKF-PD), a novel pyridone agent, targeting oxidative stress and fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Methods: AKF-PD was used to treat renal interstitial fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) obstructive nephropathy in rats. The expression of NOX2 (gp91phox), fibronectin and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) were detected by western blot. A level of Malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress marker, was measured by ELISA. In addition, ROS and the expressions of NOX2, collagen I (a1), fibronectin and p-ERK were measured in angiotensin (Ang) II-stimulated rat proximal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) in culture. Results: In NRK-52E cells, AKF-PD reduced AngII induced expressions of ROS, NOX2, fibronectin, collagen I (a1) and p-ERK. In UUO kidney cortex, AKF-PD attenuated the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis, which was associated with reduced the expressions of collagen I (a1) and fibronectin. Furthermore, AKF-PD downregulated the expressions of NOX2, MDA and p-ERK. Conclusion: AKF-PD treatment inhibits the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.
Urinary Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Increases in Patients With Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus
Authors: Liang Yaoxian , Deng Hui , Bi Shuhong , Cui Zhuan , A Lata , Zheng Danxia , Wang Yue
Published: March 2015

Background/Aims: Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is highly expressed in the kidney and recognized to be renoprotective by degrading Angiotensin II to Angiotensin (1-7) in diabetic nephropathy. However, little is known about the role of urinary ACE2 (UACE2) in diabetes. The present study was performed to evaluate UACE2 levels in type 2 diabetic patients with various degrees of albuminuria and its associations with metabolic parameters. The effect of RAS inhibitors on UACE2 excretion was also assessed. Methods: A total of 132 type 2 diabetic patients with different degrees of albuminuria and 34 healthy volunteers were studied. UACE2 levels and activity were measured. Results: Compared to healthy controls, UACE2 to creatinine (UACE2/Cr) levels were significantly increased in both albuminuric and non-albuminuric diabetic patients. UACE2/Cr levels were much higher in hypertensive diabetic patients compared with their normotensive counterparts and treatment with RAS inhibitors markedly attenuated the augmentation. Furthermore, UACE2/Cr was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), triglyceride, and total cholesterol. In multiple regression analysis, UACE2/Cr was independently predicted by HbA1C and RAS inhibitors treatment. Conclusions: UACE2 increased in type 2 diabetic patients with various degrees of albuminuria and RAS inhibitors suppresses UACE2 excretion. UACE2 might potentially function as a marker for monitoring the metabolic status and therapeutic response of RAS inhibitors in diabetes.
hTERT, BICD1 and Chromosome 18 Polymorphisms Associated with Telomere Length Affect Kidney Allograft Function After Transplantation
Authors: Kłoda Karolina , Domanski Leszek , Kwiatkowska Ewa , Borowiecka Ewa , Safranow Krzysztof , Drozd Arleta , Ciechanowicz Andrzej , Maciejewska-Karłowska Agnieszka , Sawczuk Marek , Pawlik Andrzej , Ciechanowski Kazimierz
Published: March 2015

Background/Aims: It has been confirmed that telomere length (TL) correlates with chronological donor age and that telomere shortening is accelerated in allografts. The aim of this study was to analyse the associations between graft rs2735940 hTERT and rs2630578 BICD1 gene polymorphisms and rs7235755/rs2162440 chromosome 18 polymorphisms, relative TL and kidney function after transplantation. Methods: The study enrolled 119 Polish Caucasian kidney allograft recipients (64M/55F, mean age 47.3±14.0 years). The relative TL was assessed in biopsy specimens. To identify genotypes of the studied polymorphisms, real-time PCR was performed. Results: The graft rs2735940 hTERT gene polymorphism TT genotype was associated with a significantly lower risk of delayed graft function (DGF) (TT vs. TC+CC; OR=0, p=0.009) and significantly shorter TL in the ‘0' biopsy (TT vs. CC: 207±153 vs. 400±161, p=0.036). The graft rs2630578 BICD1 gene polymorphism CC genotype was associated with lower creatinine concentrations in the first month (CC vs. GC: 1.11±0.06 vs. 2.0±1.25 mg/dL, p=0.03). The AA genotype of the graft rs7235755 chromosome 18 polymorphism was associated with longer relative TL in specimens collected 12 to 60 months after transplantation (AA vs. GG+GA p=0.04; AA vs. GG: 489±152 vs. 246±145, p=0.035) and the presence of A allele was associated with higher creatinine concentrations one month after transplantation (GA+AA vs. GG p=0.026; GA vs. GG: 2.18±1.59 vs. 1.76±0.88 mg/dL, p=0.02). It was found that shorter TL in the first six months was associated with higher creatinine concentrations 12 and 18 months after transplantation (Rs=-0.32; p=0.07 and Rs=-0.54; p=0.006, respectively). Conclusions: Graft rs2735940 hTERT and rs2630578 BICD1 gene polymorphisms and rs7235755/rs2162440 chromosome 18 polymorphisms, apart from the association with TL, affect early kidney function after transplantation. Relative TL correlated negatively with creatinine concentrations, allowing the use of TL as a predictor of long-term kidney function.
Horizontale Diplopie nach Blepharoplastik des Oberlids
Authors: Ortiz-Basso Tomás , Vigo Rodolfo , Prémoli Eduardo Jorge
Published: March 2015

Die Diplopie ist eine seltene Komplikation der Blepharoplastik. In den meisten Fällen tritt sie in vertikaler Form auf, verursacht durch ein Trauma der externen Augenmuskeln. In diesem Artikel stellen wir einen Fall von horizontaler Diplopie nach einer aus ästhetischen Gründen durchgeführten Blepharoplastik des Oberlids vor; wir geben einen Literaturüberblick zu dieser unerwarteten Komplikation sowie einige Empfehlungen zu ihrer Vermeidung.