bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aarskog-Scott syndrome: a clinical study based on a large series of 111 male patients with a pathogenic variant inFGD1and management recommendations
Authors: Jeanne Médéric , Ronce Nathalie , Remizé Solène , Arpin Stéphanie , Baujat Geneviève , Breton Sylvain , Petit Florence , Vanlerberghe Clémence , Coeslier-Dieux Anne , Manouvrier-Hanu Sylvie , Vincent-Delorme Catherine , Khau Van Kien Philippe , Van-Gils Julien , Quélin Chloé , Pasquier Laurent , Odent Sylvie , Demurger Florence , Laffargue Fanny , Francannet Christine , Martin-Coignard Dominique , Afenjar Alexandra , Whalen Sandra , Verloes Alain , Capri Yline , Delahaye Andrée , Plaisancié Julie , Labrune Philippe , Destree Anne , Maystadt Isabelle , Ciorna Monferrato Viorca , Isidor Bertrand , Vincent Marie , Jean Marçais Nolwen , Nambot Sophie , Schaefer Elise , El Chehadeh Salima , Lespinasse James , Collignon Patrick , Busa Tiffany , Philip Nicole , Willems Marjolaine , Planes Marc , Vanakker Olivier M , Lambert Laetitia , Leheup Bruno , Mathieu-Dramard Michèle , Morin Gilles , Dieterich Klaus , Ginglinger Emmanuelle , Bayat Allan , Balasubramanian Meena , Dauriat Benjamin , Haye Damien , Amiel Jeanne , Rio Marlène , Cormier-Daire Valérie , Toutain Annick
Published: January 2025

Background

Aarskog-Scott syndrome (AAS) is a rare condition with multiple congenital anomalies, caused by hemizygote variants in theFGD1gene. Its description was based mostly on old case reports, in whom a molecular diagnosis was not always available, or on small series. The aim of this study was to better delineate the phenotype and the natural history of AAS and to provide clues for the diagnosis and the management of the patients.

Methods

Phenotypic characterisation of the largest reported AAS cohort, comprising 111 male patients with proven causative variants inFGD1, through comprehensive analyses of clinical data including congenital anomalies, growth and neurodevelopment. Review of photographs and radiographs by experts in dysmorphology and skeletal disorders.

Results

This study refines the phenotypic spectrum of AAS, with the description of new morphological and radiological features, and refines the prevalence of the features. Short stature is less frequent than previously reported and has a prenatal onset in more than half of the patients. The growth has a specific course with a catch-up during the first decade often leading to low-normal stature in adulthood. Whereas intellectual disability is rare, patients with AAS have a high prevalence of specific learning difficulties and attention hyperactivity disorder. In light of this better knowledge of AAS, we provide management recommendations.

Conclusion

A better knowledge of the natural history and phenotypic spectrum of AAS will be helpful for the clinical diagnosis and for the interpretation ofFGD1variants using a retrophenotyping strategy, which is becoming the most common way of diagnosis nowadays. Recommendations for care will improve the management of the patients.
Efgartigimod efficacy and safety in refractory myasthenia gravis: UK’s first real-world experience
Authors: Moniz Dionísio Joana , Ambrose Philip , Burke Georgina , Farrugia Maria Elena , Garcia-Reitboeck Pablo , Hewamadduma Channa , Hill Marguerite , Howard Robin S , Jacob Saiju , Kullmann Dimitri , Leite Maria Isabel , Miller James , Pinto Ashwin , Pritchard Jane , Riswick Thomas , Sathasivam Sivakumar , Thambirajah Narmathey , Viegas Stuart , Norwood Fiona , Spillane Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Background

We report our experience of patients with generalised myasthenia gravis (gMG) treated with efgartigimod, an neonatal Fc receptor antagonist, under the Early Access to Medicine Scheme (EAMS) in the UK.

Methods

Data from all UK patients treated with efgartigimod under the EAMS July 2022 to July 2023 were collected retrospectively. Efgartigimod was administered as per the ADAPT protocol (consisting of a treatment cycle of four infusions at weekly intervals with further cycles given according to clinical need).

Results

48 patients with acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive gMG were treated in 12 centres. Most (75%) were female and most had a disease duration of over 10 years. The average MG-Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score at baseline was 11.2. Most (72.9%) patients had undergone thymectomy. 77.0% were taking prednisolone at baseline. All patients had used non-steroidal immunosuppressant treatments, the average number tried was 2.6 (range 1–6). 51% had received rituximab. 54.2% of patients required regular intravenous immunoglobulin/plasma exchange.

75% of patients had a mean reduction in the MG-ADL of≥2 points in the first cycle and this remained stable throughout the study. The mean intracycle reduction in the MG-ADL score in the first, second, third and fourth cycles were −4.6 to –3.9, −3.4 and −4.2, respectively. Side effects were generally mild. No rescue treatments were required. At the end of the study, 96% of patients remained on efgartigimod.

Conclusion

Efgartigimod is a safe and effective treatment for patients with refractory, treatment-resistant gMG.
Interrelationship between chemsex engagement and PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) experience in men who have sex with men: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Wong Ngai Sze , Chung Sze Long , Lee Krystal Chi-Kei , LEE Shui-Shan
Published: January 2025

Background

Chemsex engagement is known to be associated with higher-risk sexual behaviour, HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI). To reduce HIV infection risk, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is increasingly used in the men who have sex with men (MSM) community. This study aims to examine the interrelationship between chemsex engagement and PrEP use in MSM.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study with the recruitment of MSM in the community in Hong Kong. Participating MSM were invited to complete an online survey which included PrEP (experienced or naïve) use, chemsex engagement history and HIV test results. Chemsex engagement referred to use of specific drugs (methamphetamine and/or gamma-hydroxybutyrate) before and/or during sex. Characteristics of MSM with and without history of chemsex engagement were examined in bivariable and multivariable logistic regression. In a case-control analysis with a 1:1 ratio of PrEP-naïve and PrEP-experienced MSM, the association of chemsex engagement with history of PrEP use was examined in bivariable and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Between February 2022 and January 2024, 338 eligible MSM were recruited. A higher proportion of MSM engaged in chemsex reported history of PrEP use and group sex. Prevalence of ever chemsex engagement was significantly higher in PrEP-experienced (29%) than PrEP-naïve MSM (9%) (adjusted OR=2.69, 95% CI 1.28 to 5.67), after adjustment for confounders of age, history of STI testing, multiple sex partnership and inconsistent condom use. The history of chemsex engagement in the past 6 months was associated positively with ever and recent (6 months) use of PrEP. Five out of seven PrEP-naïve MSM who had engaged in chemsex in the past 6 months indicated their intention to take PrEP.

Conclusions

Chemsex engagement was positively associated with PrEP use while most of the PrEP-naïve MSM who had recently engaged in chemsex expressed interest to start PrEP. PrEP service could be an important community platform for chemsex intervention.
Conceptual service architecture to synchronise research data management services using machine-actionable data management plans
Authors: Zoubek Filip , Miksa Tomasz , Rauber Andreas
Published: January 2025

Researchers of all disciplines produce, share, and reuse data as part of everyday research. Most funders require them to manage and document their data using data management plans (DMPs). DMPs are often static documents that researchers create by answering questions in predefined templates at the beginning of the research and, therefore, may become outdated and obsolete as the project progresses. It is essential to keep the DMP up to date at all stages of the research lifecycle since numerous stakeholders and various services participate in data management that depend on information from them. In this paper, we propose a conceptual service architecture that uses machine-actionable data management plans to automate the exchange and synchronization of information between different semi-automated research data management (RDM) services acting on behalf of different stakeholders. To solve the stated problem, we analyze typical use cases in which the DMPs change and formulate requirements based on which we developed the conceptual architecture. We depict the designed architecture through a set of views, namely physical, development, logical, and process, using UML and BPMN representation that describe the processes required to synchronize DMP information among multiple services. We instantiate it by implementing a service that connects a data repository and a DMP tool. Thus, we evaluate to what extent the defined processes help in keeping DMP contents up to date and which criteria must be fulfilled to keep them highly automated. The result of the paper feeds into a larger discussion on streamlining interconnectivity and machine-actionability across planning, tracking, and assessing research phases. It also facilitates consensus building on enhancing the Research Data Alliance’s recommendation for machine-actionable DMPs.
Fabrication of Algogenic Zinc Nanoparticles and Assessment of Their Biomimetics Attributes and Potential Antibacterial Efficacy Against Fish Pathogens
Authors: Zahran Eman , Elbahnaswy Samia , Elsayed Manar , Saif Nehal A. , Elhadidy Mohamed , Risha Engy , Abdelhafeez Hanan H. , Hossain Ferdaus Mohd Altaf , Mansour Abdallah Tageldein , Ahmed Fatma
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the fabrication of algogenic zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs), examining their biomimetic properties and potential antibacterial effectiveness against fish pathogens. The rising incidence of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture demands innovative strategies for disease management, highlighting the importance of developing biocompatible and effective antimicrobial agents. In this context, ZnNPs were synthesized using Pediastrum boryanum microalgal extract as the reducing and capping agent. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed spherical and tetragonal particles with sizes ranging from 32.84 to 26.87 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated distinctive functional groups in the algal extracts and ZnNPs. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) showed pure crystallinity of the fabricated ZnNPs with an average crystalline size of 57.97 nm. The algal extract had high total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents (TPC: 53.83 and TFC: 12.44 mg QE/g, respectively). The obtained ZnNPs retained a considerable amount of TPC and TFC (7.92 and 5.31 mg/g, respectively). The microalgal extract and ZnNPs exhibited considerable antioxidant capacity in the 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. In addition, they elicited antibacterial efficacy against several bacterial pathogens in fish in a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) revealed higher potential cytotoxicity of biosynthesized ZnNPs at 29.28 μg/mL compared to that of the algal extracts at 51.56 μg/mL. These findings highlight the potential of P. boryanum as a green factory for the nanofabrication of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) and as a promising clinical candidate for fish medicine.
A Case of an Oral Elastofibromatous Lesion: A Clinicopathological Analysis With a Literature Review
Authors: Ono Sawako , Masui Masanori , Obata Kyoichi , Nakamura Tomoya , Furuki Yoshihiko , Nakamura Satoko , Yamamoto Hidetaka
Published: January 2025

Elastofibromatous changes of the oral mucosa, such as an elastofibroma (EF) or an elastofibromatous lesion (EFL), are not well recognized, and the second such case in Japan is reported. A 72‐year‐old man wearing a complete maxillary denture presented with a small nodule on the hard palate. Histopathological examination showed abundant fibrous tissue with numerous elastic fibers on Elastica van Gieson (EvG) staining. The diagnosis of an oral EFL was made. In the review of oral EF and EFL, no cases with recurrence were identified, but such lesions may resemble neoplastic lesions macroscopically. Accurate diagnosis using EvG stain is needed to recognize oral EFs and EFLs.
Individual and Joint Associations of Depression‐Related Symptoms and Sleep Quality With Overall Survival Among Patients With Ovarian Cancer: Evidence From a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sun Jia-Nan , Li Yi-Zi , Wang Lan , Song Xin-Jian , Liu Jia-Xin , Liu Jia-Cheng , Wang Jia-Yi , Li Yu , Chen Yu-Han , Liu Jia-Ming , Xu Jin , Liu Ke-Xin , Bao Qi , Sun Ming-Li , Wu Lang , Gao Song , Li Xiao-Ying , Huang Dong-Hui , Ma Qi-Peng , Tao Tao , Wu Qi-Jun , Gong Ting-Ting
Published: January 2025

Background: As the evidence linking depression and sleep quality to overall survival (OS) is lacking, we aim to evaluate the individual and joint associations of depression‐related symptoms and sleep quality with OS among patients with ovarian cancer (OC).

Method: A total of 554 patients with OC were included. Depression‐related symptoms and sleep quality were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The primary analysis utilized the average levels of depression‐related symptoms and sleep quality by averages of PSQI score and PHQ score between pre‐diagnosis and post‐diagnosis. Deaths were ascertained until February 16, 2023, via medical records and active follow‐up. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the joint and individual associations of sleep quality and depression‐related symptoms with OC survival.

Result: A total of 205 deaths occurred during a median follow‐up of 44.6 months. The average level of depression‐related symptoms and sleep quality were independently associated with OS (HRdepression vs. no depression = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.10–2.17; HRpoor sleep vs. good sleep = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.51–2.75). We documented multiplicative and additive interactions between these two factors in relation to OS (Pinteraction < 0.01; relative excess risk due to interaction = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.01–0.31). Combinations of depression‐related symptoms and poor sleep quality were positively associated with OC mortality (HR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.70–4.00), compared to patients with good sleep quality and without depression‐related symptoms.

Conclusion: Poor OC survival was observed among patients with poor sleep quality and depression‐related symptoms, independently and jointly.
Potential Energy Generation of Photovoltaics With Acceptable Risk at Korean Airports
Authors: Kim Chungil , Lee Subin , Lee Hangil , Song Hyung-Jun
Published: January 2025

The aviation industry is adopting renewable energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of the strong candidates to meet the energy demand of airports with a sustainable way is photovoltaic (PV) systems. This paper systematically assesses the potential risk and energy generation capabilities of installing PV at nine Korean airports. It was found that the risk of PV, particularly concerns about glare and severity of collision accident, is lower than other renewable energy sources. These remaining safety issues of PVs can be mitigated to acceptable levels by maintaining a safe distance from aircraft routes (105 m) and rotating them to face opposite possible routes. The safety management of airport PV ensures to utilize glare‐free solar energy harvesting systems throughout the year. Under this safe scenario, the estimated energy generation would be 1.78 ± 0.17 times higher than the energy demand of the airports. Notably, the surplus energy generation by PVs located at smaller airports can offset energy demand of larger international airports. The estimated levelized cost of energy for PVs with acceptable risk is 64.7 ± 0.1 $/MWh, lower than the cost of energy supplied by an external source (103.4 ± 32.7 $/MWh). These findings suggest that PV installations with acceptable risk can significantly contribute to the energy self‐sufficiency and sustainability of airports in South Korea.
Navigating the Digital Divide: Exploring the Drivers, Drawbacks, and Prospects of Social Interaction Technologies′ Adoption and Usage Among Older Adults During COVID‐19
Authors: Katey Daniel , Chivers Sally
Published: January 2025

The COVID‐19 pandemic underscored the critical role of social interaction technologies (SITs) in mitigating loneliness and social isolation, particularly among older adults. However, challenges such as the digital divide, physical and cognitive declines, and digital literacy gaps persist. This article seeks to explore the drivers, drawbacks, and prospects of SITs’ adoption during the pandemic. The paper employs a narrative review approach, using targeted phrases and keywords, including “COVID‐19 pandemic and digital engagement,” “digital technologies usage among older adults/people during COVID‐19,” and “drivers of digital technologies adoption among older adults/people during COVID‐19.” Articles were retrieved through Google Scholar searches conducted between October 2023 and December 2024. In line with key findings, we propose evidence‐based recommendations, including user‐centered digital communication technology design, the need to balance digital engagement with healthy physical activity, and personalized digital literacy programs, to enhance SITs’ accessibility and usability for older adults.
No consistent evidence that ageism is linked to biological aging status in the US Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Liu Mingxin , Cohen Alan A. , Legault Véronique , Honfo Sewanou Hermann , Tanner Kamaryn , Fulop Tamas , Levasseur Mélanie
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Ageism, defined as stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination against people based on their age, has been shown to have unfavorable impacts on health. While discrimination has often been shown to negatively impact health, whether ageism might accelerate biological aging itself is unclear.
Methods: We conducted secondary analyses of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2008, 2012 and 2016 waves). Ageism was estimated using Self-Perception of Aging (SPA) and Perceived Age Discrimination (PAD). Other types of discrimination (e.g., racism, sexism) were also considered. The Everyday Discrimination Scale was used to assess PAD and other types of discrimination. Biological aging was measured through homeostatic dysregulation (HD, n=3443, 2016 wave, six measures), epigenetic age (n=1484, 2016 wave, five measures), and telomere length (n=1981, 2008 wave). Biological aging measures were modeled as a function of ageism within and across waves.
Results: Within waves, SPA score was associated with some elevated HD (e.g., β = 0.11, p < 0.001, quantified by 44 biomarkers) and epigenetic age indices (e.g., β = 0.61, p < 0.001, Hannum Epi Age). After controlling for comorbidities and social participation, these variables were no longer associated. Effects were similar but weaker in predicting 2016 biological aging from SPA in 2008 and 2012. PAD was not associated with biological aging measures, in contrast to other types of discrimination, which were.
Conclusions: We found no consistent evidence linking ageism to biological aging status. Further research should investigate why; potentially, ageism has less time to become biologically embedded, compared to racism and sexism, which might be experienced throughout one’s life, but measurement challenges could also be present.
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission as a Transcendent Function
Authors: Myers Steve
Published: January 2025

Barbara Cerminara (2024) has argued that the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was not a transcendent function because it created a moral split between redeemed and resentful victims. She says this discredited and marginalised those who refused to reconcile, prioritised reconciliation over addressing inequalities, suppressed opposition, failed to acknowledge societal complexities, and did not integrate opposition for genuine transformation. Cerminara raises many good points and important issues, but these do not lead to the conclusion that the TRC was not a transcendent function. On the contrary, they illustrate advanced and nuanced aspects of the transcendent function and demonstrate why it is a multi-faceted and ongoing work. A holistic analysis shows that the TRC transcended and reconciled many conflicts, contributing to the overall work of dismantling apartheid. However, no transcendent function achieves complete wholeness and other apartheid-dismantling transcendent functions are required to continue the work.
Un essai en vue de résoudre une antinomie : aux origines du calcul benthamien. Bentham a-t-il résolu un problème posé par Pascal ? (Tome 146, n°1-2, (2025))
Authors: Cléro Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2025

Dans l’utilitarisme benthamien, le calcul, en fournissant une commensurabilité entre les langues, n’assure-t-il pas une universalité qu’aucune langue ne paraît pouvoir assurer par elle-même en raison de son inévitable contingence dont on s’aperçoit quand on la confronte avec les autres langues ? Une difficulté apparaît lorsqu’on prend en compte que Bentham a autant insisté sur l’aspect « calcul » de sa doctrine que sur ses aspects d’« utilité » et de « plaisir ». Si l’on veut bien reconnaître que les affects soient radicalement dépendants des langues, faut-il dire que les calculs dépendent aussi des langues et que « deux plus deux égale quatre » est une affaire de langage ? Pour obtenir une concordance entre langue vernaculaire, langue savante, plaisir et calcul, le relativisme de Bentham n’a-t-il pas été contraint d’aller jusque-là ? Toutefois, Bentham n’en reste pas à cette antinomie ; le but de la présente recherche est de montrer comment elle se résout.
Freedom of Association in Japan
Authors: Okada Junta
Published: January 2025

This article provides a brief overview of the history and current situation of freedom of association in the Constitution of Japan. Part i introduces the related provisions of freedom of association in the Constitution, including labour unions, religious corporations, universities and families. Part ii presents a brief history of the period before the current Constitution was established. Part iii examines the laws that limit associations based on the Constitution. Part iv considers the potential of freedom of association by analysing the original drafts of the Constitution of Japan. We further review the direction of theory of freedom of association by laying out the situation of academic discussions in Japan.
First episode of psychosis in rural Greece: A multi-center study of the Mobile Mental Health Units
Authors: Peritogiannis Vaios , Botsari Ioanna-Athina , Fragouli-Sakellaropoulou Athina , Filla Iliana , Garmpi Aikaterini , Dimopoulou Maria , Gavriilidis Stavros , Vgontzas Alexandros , Samakouri Maria ,   Coordinating Committee of the Mobile Mental Health Units, Tsoli Fotini , Kousta Iliana Lazogiorgou , Balomenou Maria , Zianni Afroditi , Fanti Roberta , Pistola Dimitra , Paschalidou Anna , Kondili Eleni , Arvaniti Aikaterini
Published: January 2025

Background:

Over the last decades the study of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders has been focused on early and comprehensive intervention during the first episode of psychosis (FEP), but studies in rural settings are only rare. In Greece mental healthcare in rural areas is mostly delivered by the locally-based Mobile Mental Health Units (MMHUs).

Aims:

The aim of the present study was to address treatment of FEP patients by the MMHUs in rural areas in Greece, focusing on patients with a first episode of schizophrenia.

Method:

This is a multicenter, retrospective observational study with the participation of nine MMHUs across several areas in rural mainland and some islands of Greece. Patients of the age range of 15 to 55 years with a diagnosis of non-affective psychosis were included in the study.

Results:

The study sample consisted of 216 patients, while analysis was performed for patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia ( n = 153, 70.8% of the sample). Most patients were males ( n = 93, 60.8%), with a mean age at first presentation 34.9 years ( Md = 34.5, SD = 11.94). The mean duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) was 7.85 months ( Md = 3, IQR = 10.00) and was shorter in younger (15–25 years) patients. More than 60% of patients had been successfully engaged to treatment with the MMHUs, with a mean follow-up duration of 5.17 years ( Md = 5.00, IQR = 5.00). Younger patients (26–35 years) tend to disengage from treatment, while those aged 36 to 45 years were more likely to continue follow-up. A reduction of 47.22% in hospital admissions among patients with schizophrenia was observed over follow-up of patients by the MMHUS.

Conclusion:

The most noteworthy findings of the study are the low percentage of patients seeking help from the MMHUs, compared to the expected cases and the high attendance rate of those that are examined in this context. Further research on psychosis/schizophrenia in the rural context is warranted.
Mental health professionals’ perspectives and suggestions on religious and superstitious activities engagement of patients with serious mental illness: A national survey in Thailand
Authors: Wainipitapong Sorawit , Hataiyusuk Somboon , Khanthavudh Chonmanan , Phetsayanavin Vitchayut , Wiwattarangkul Teeravut , Aniwattanapong Daruj
Published: January 2025

Background:

Patients with serious mental illness (SMI) often engage in religious and superstitious activities. The implications of such engagements remain unclear, with no established guidelines for mental health professionals.

Aims:

This study aimed to survey perspectives and gather suggestions from various disciplines within mental healthcare regarding the engagement in religious/superstitious activities of SMI patients: schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder.

Method:

This cross-sectional study was conducted between November and December 2023 among Thai mental health professionals. Participants used 10-point Likert scales to rate their agreement levels for engaging each activity. Additional suggestions were obtained through textual responses, which were subsequently summarised and synthesised.

Results:

Of the 403 professionals participated, the majority were female (73.2%), Buddhist (87.6%) and psychiatrists (42.2%), with a median age of 34.0 years. Among patients with active symptoms, patients with major depressive disorder tended to receive the highest mean agreement scores for engagement, while patients with schizophrenia consistently scored the lowest across most activities. Similar trends were observed among patients in remission. From textual responses, two key themes were synthesised: (1) environmental factors and (2) impacts on natural courses.

Conclusions:

Patients with active schizophrenia received the lowest levels of agreement while patients with major depressive disorder tended to receive the highest mean agreement scores on engaging religious/superstitious activities.
The effect of automated fiber placement process parameters on interlaminar shear strength of uncured prepreg bonded samples
Authors: Kheradpisheh Meisam , Yas Amir Hafez , Hojjati Mehdi
Published: January 2025

The effects of automated fiber placement (AFP) parameters on the inter-laminar bonding between the uncured thermoset prepreg tapes were investigated using a systematic series of experiments and FE analysis. The goal was to optimize inter-laminar bonding during the AFP lay-up process and provide a model for the interlayer bonding of uncured prepreg tapes during this process. The shear strength of the interfacial bonding plays a pivotal role in the formation of planar and non-planar deformations during the automated fiber placement (AFP) process. The quality of this bonding has a significant effect on the quality of the manufactured parts. Besides, the bonding strength is interconnected with various AFP process parameters including compaction roller, feed rate, temperature, and dwell time. Hence, a systematic series of experimental studies are conducted to investigate how changes in process parameters affect the shear strength of single lap joint (SLJ) specimens produced under various process conditions. To fabricate the single-lap joint samples under different conditions, an in-house setup was developed to simulate the AFP process allowing us to control compaction force, feed rate, temperature, and dwell time during the process. The experimental results of the single lap joints indicate that the shear strength of the bonded prepreg tows is significantly influenced by the interaction among the process parameters rather than by their individual, isolated effects. Moreover, the responses of prepreg SLJs are simulated using the FE method. Through the comparison of numerical and experimental results, it will be clearly shown that the developed FE framework can act as a reliable approach for modeling the bonding layer between prepreg tapes.
Examining the Dimensionality, Internal Consistency, and Invariance of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21) Across Age, Race, Ethnicity, and Caretaking Status
Authors: Broda Michael D. , Conley Abigail H. , Clarke Philip B. , Ohrt Jonathan H. , Joy Jeen
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the performance of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21) across diverse demographic groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing a large, generalizable U.S. sample ( N = 676), we applied multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis to examine the scale’s internal consistency and measurement invariance in relation to age, race, ethnicity, and caretaking status. Our findings offer mixed evidence on the performance of the original three-factor structure of the DASS-21, which appears to function more consistently across groups defined by caretaking status and ethnicity, but less well across groups defined by age and racial identity. This research contributes substantially to the field by enhancing the understanding of DASS-21’s applicability in diverse populations, particularly in the context of a global health crisis. It underscores the need for nuanced interpretation of DASS-21 scores considering significant demographic variability in its interpretation by participant racial identity and age, thereby guiding more accurate mental health assessments and interventions.
Associations between violent and sexual childhood trauma and maladaptive coping in patients with functional seizures
Authors: Libbon Randi H , Watson Meagan , Ramocan Sunita , Pennetti Abbie , Strom Laura , Giano Zachary
Published: January 2025

Objective

Functional seizures (FS) are a highly debilitating symptom of functional neurological disorder (FND). FS requires a multi-disciplinary approach to treatment because the patient’s initial presentation is to neurology, emergency medicine, or primary care and treatment consists of psychotherapy. People with FS commonly experience severe childhood trauma, particularly sexual trauma. The authors aimed to investigate associations between reported trauma and maladaptive coping mechanisms in the FS population.

Methods

This retrospective, observational study reports on 137 patients enrolled in the FS Clinic at the University of Colorado between March 2020 - March 2021. Multiple linear regression was used to reveal associations between self-reported childhood sexual and violent trauma and maladaptive coping mechanisms of self-blame and disengagement on the Brief COPE. A quantile regression was generated for each of these outcomes.

Results

Results showed that violent and sexual trauma were experienced by 47.5% and 61.6% of the population sample, respectively. Of those exposed to violent trauma, 27.2% perceived it as extremely severe while 43.4% of those exposed to sexual trauma perceived it as extremely severe. Quantile regressions for self-blame and disengagement showed significance for the 25th percentile of those who experienced violent trauma. Self-blame was significantly associated with the 50th and 75th percentile of those exposed to sexual trauma.

Conclusions

This evidence supports the value of identifying trauma experienced by individuals with FS as it is associated with specific coping mechanisms that may affect treatment. Identifying prior trauma and resulting coping mechanisms can potentially assist in individualizing care for people with FS.
Exploring the Intricate Connection Between Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Hearing Loss: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Rodrigues Joyline , Anand Shubhangi , Gunjawate Dhanshree R. , Kumar Kaushlendra , Ravi Rohit
Published: January 2025

Background: Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient crucial for overall health, and deficiencies can lead to hearing loss. Objective: The aim of the systematic review was to explore the intricate connection between vitamin B12 deficiency and hearing loss using a systematic literature review. Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out to identify the articles exploring the connection between vitamin B12 deficiency and hearing loss. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were used to identify the relevant studies. Results: A total of 612 studies were identified from 3 databases, and after stepwise screening, 9 articles were found eligible for the data extraction and inclusion in the review. Most of the studies had observed statistically-significant differences in the hearing thresholds with low vitamin B12 levels. However, few studies found hearing loss in the low frequencies (250 and 500 Hz), and others have found elevated thresholds above 4 KHz. Factors such as age, gender, and treatment for vitamin B12 did not show any significant changes in the hearing thresholds. Conclusion: The systematic review revealed that individuals with lower vitamin B12 levels tended to have a higher prevalence of hearing impairment than those with normal or elevated levels. Vitamin B12 deficiency, coupled with high homocysteine levels and low folate concentrations, may contribute to different degrees of hearing loss, particularly in the elderly. Lower serum levels of vitamin B12 have been associated with slight to mild hearing loss, while cochlear dysfunction and poorer hearing thresholds have also been observed in individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining optimal levels of vitamin B12 for preserving hearing health and warrant further investigation into potential interventions.
Effect of del Nido cardioplegia in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yamashita Yoshiyuki , Baudo Massimo , Magouliotis Dimitrios E. , Cabrucci Francesco , Sicouri Serge , Ramlawi Basel
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Research on the safety and efficacy of del Nido cardioplegia in adult patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is limited. We evaluated the effect of del Nido cardioplegia on early outcomes of cardiac surgery in this cohort.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through August 2024 to conduct a meta-analysis comparing del Nido to other cardioplegia in adult patients with reduced LVEF (≤50%). Primary endpoint was early mortality, and secondary endpoints included morbidities, aortic cross-clamp time and postoperative LVEF before discharge. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled effect size.

Results

Seven studies met our eligibility criteria, including three propensity score-matched studies with a total of 1160 patients. Conventional blood cardioplegia was used exclusively as a control solution in the included studies. The incidence of early mortality was similar between the del Nido and control groups, with a pooled odds ratio of 0.94 [95% confidence interval: 0.52; 1.71] ( p = .822). Postoperative stroke ( p = .680), renal failure ( p = .832), atrial fibrillation ( p = .412), and aortic cross-clamp time ( p = .153) were also comparable between the two groups. Postoperative LVEF was significantly higher in the del Nido group compared to the control group, with a standardized mean difference of 0.52 [95% confidence interval: 0.07; 0.96] ( p = .034).

Conclusions

In adult patients with reduced LVEF undergoing cardiac surgery, del Nido cardioplegia provides comparable mortality and morbidity rates compared to conventional blood cardioplegic solutions, with the potential to offer protective effects on myocardial function.
A Bayesian Approach to Produce Subnational Population Estimates Using a Population Base Statistical Register
Authors: Fúquene-Patiño Jairo , Mendoza Andryu , Cristancho Cesar , Ospina Mariana
Published: January 2025

Subnational Population Estimates (SPE) in Latin America are useful to implement new public policies in subnational areas with internal armed conflicts or difficult to access. In this work, we propose to combine a Population Base Statistical Register (PBSR) and the Official Population Projections (OPP) using a Bayesian approach to produce SPE. Our proposed procedures are useful for computing SPE of the population size or the SPE of the population size in percentage SPE (%). However, we focused on SPE (%) due to some data restrictions and to ensure data confidentiality. In this article, the PBSR is constructed using multiple administrative sources with registers from the health, education, vital statistics systems, tax registration, and, more importantly, the registers of the victims of the current internal armed conflict in Colombia. We also propose new fast Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms to produce SPE (%) using data augmentation procedures to address the complications caused by the resulting joint posterior containing gamma functions. We implement our proposal to compute SPE (%) by age and sex groups in the municipality of Jamundí in Colombia which is currently affected by poverty, forced displacement, and the internal armed conflict and evaluate the accuracy with a Population Census.
Complete expiratory central airway collapse at general anesthesia recovery: a case report
Authors: Lyu Jie , Miao Jiamin , Zhu Jihong , Chen Gang
Published: January 2025

Expiratory central airway collapse is a degenerative tracheobronchial disease that is often overlooked because of its nonspecific clinical features. A man was admitted for evaluation of tracheal nodules. Following bronchoscopic biopsy, a significant increase in airway pressure occurred during anesthesia recovery. Laryngospasm was suspected, and tracheal intubation was performed. Bronchoscopy revealed an almost completely collapsed tracheal lumen. A Y-shaped silicone stent was placed using a rigid bronchoscope to support the airway, allowing spontaneous ventilation to resume. A retrospective review of the images suggested a diagnosis of excessive dynamic airway collapse. The silicone stent was removed after 2 weeks because of discomfort, and no subsequent dyspnea was observed. This case highlights that excessive dynamic airway collapse is easily missed. Anesthesiologists must be educated on this condition, maintain a thorough understanding of the patient’s state and illness, and have emergency airway equipment readily available to restore ventilation promptly in cases of severe airway collapse.
Efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Xin , Chen Suhua , Dai Guoping , Liu Yingxin
Published: January 2025

Background:

The combination of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors and chemotherapy has shown promising results in the treatment of various malignancies. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combing PD-1 inhibitor with chemotherapy in patients with advanced NPC.

Methods:

A thorough search of the literature was carried out using comprehensive methods. The assessed outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events (AEs).

Results:

This meta-analysis included seven studies with a total of 1204 patients. The use of a combination therapy involving PD-1 inhibitor and chemotherapy demonstrated significant improvements in OS (HR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.45, 0.80; P<0.001), PFS (HR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.42, 0.61; P<0.001), ORR (RR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.40; P=0.003) and DCR (RR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.23; P=0.003) compared to other treatments in patients with advanced NPC. Subgroup analyses based on PD-1 inhibitor type, chemotherapy regimen and study design indicated that these factors influenced OS but not PFS. Prognostic factor analysis consistently demonstrated a PFS benefit associated with the combination treatment across various patient subgroups. The incidences of AEs, grade 3 or higher AEs were comparable between the two groups. However, the combination group was significantly more likely to discontinue treatment because of AEs.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis provides evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy in advanced NPC. The combination therapy showed superior outcomes in terms of OS, PFS, ORR, and DCR.
Knotless Versus Knotted Suture Anchors for Labral Repair of the Hip: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Biomechanical Outcomes
Authors: Johns William L. , Baumann Anthony N. , Callaghan Megan E. , Walley Kempland C. , Patel Neel K. , Salvo John
Published: January 2025

Background:

Arthroscopic labral repair of the hip is successfully performed with increasing frequency using either knotless or knotted suture anchors, each with its own risks and benefits.

Purpose:

To examine biomechanical and clinical outcomes for labral repair of the hip based on the use of knotted or knotless suture anchors.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A search was performed to retrieve clinical and biomechanical studies examining the use of knotless or knotted suture anchors for arthroscopic labral repair of the hip. The studied outcomes included functional outcome scores such as modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living, biomechanical outcomes, failure mechanisms, and complications such as revision/reoperation and conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Results:

A total of 47 articles met inclusion criteria for analysis (5 articles examining biomechanical outcomes and 42 reporting clinical outcomes). Included patients (N = 6185) who underwent hip labral repair had a mean age of 33.0 ± 8.5 years and follow-up time of 43.8 ± 18.4 months. The knotless group (n = 2719) had a mean preoperative mHHS of 63.3 ± 4.1 and postoperative mHHS of 86.3 ± 2.8 at a mean follow-up time of 47.2 ± 16.1 months. The knotted group (n = 2600) had a mean preoperative mHHS of 69.5 ± 8.3 and postoperative mHHS of 88.8 ± 5.5 with a mean follow-up time of 44.8 ± 18.1 months. The most common reason for failure of knotless anchors in biomechanical studies was suture breakage or pullout, and for knotted anchors it was anchor pullout. Of the articles reporting on revisions and/or conversion to THA after labral repair, the knotless group had 225 reoperations (8.1%) and 123 cases of conversion to THA (4.4%). The knotted group had 101 reoperations (6.2%) and 31 cases of conversion to THA (1.9%).

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic management of labral repairs of the hip using either knotless or knotted suture anchors appears to be both safe and effective in reducing pain and improving function. Biomechanical evaluation suggests differing failure mechanisms in knotted versus knotless anchors. The rates of revision and conversion to THA are low overall, irrespective of knotted or knotless anchors.
No Difference in External Rotation Loss After Isolated Bankart Repair, Remplissage, or Latarjet: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gonzalez-Morgado Diego , Ardebol Javier , Noble Matthew B. , Galasso Lisa A. , Menendez Mariano E. , Denard Patrick J.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Despite the effectiveness of remplissage in reducing instability recurrence, debate remains about the loss of external rotation (ER) after this procedure.

Purpose:

To compare the loss of ER after primary isolated arthroscopic Bankart repair alone (BR), Bankart with remplissage (REMP), and Latarjet (LAT) procedures.

Study Design:

Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A literature search of 4 databases was conducted to identify comparative studies reporting ER after BR, REMP, or LAT. ER loss with the arm at side was collected, along with postoperative Rowe score, return to previous sport level, instability recurrence, reintervention, and noninstability complications. Dichotomous variables were assessed using odds ratios with 95% CIs, and continuous variables were analyzed using mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs. A random-effects meta-analysis was used for continuous outcomes and dichotomous outcomes.

Results:

In total, 27 studies were included, consisting of 2100 patients: 824 in BR, 378 in REMP, and 898 in LAT groups. The mean ER loss was 6.8°± 11° after BR, 9.3°± 12.6° after REMP, and 0.8°± 20.4° after LAT. Comparing REMP and BR, the MD was 5.9° ( P = .13); between REMP and LAT, the MD was 9.6° ( P = .17). For Rowe scores, the MD was 3.46 ( P = .49) between REMP and BR and 0.24 ( P = .9) between REMP and LAT. Odds ratios for return to previous sport level were 1.08 ( P = .84) for REMP versus BR and 1.62 ( P = .09) for REMP versus LAT. Regarding instability recurrence, the odds ratio was 6.67 ( P = .04) for REMP versus BR and 1.43 ( P = .48) for REMP versus LAT. The odds ratio for reoperation for BR was 7.69 ( P = .05) compared with REMP, and the odds ratio for complications for LAT was 6.25 ( P = .02) compared with REMP.

Conclusion:

Remplissage reduces instability recurrence compared with isolated Bankart repair without any statistically significant difference in postoperative ER deficit. Remplissage may reduce the risk of reoperation compared with Latarjet with no difference in postoperative ER deficit or recurrence.
Arthroscopy Is at Least as Effective as Arthrotomy for Treatment of Septic Arthritis in Adults: A Systematic Review of Large and Intermediate Joints
Authors: Nudelman Brandon M. , Piple Amit S. , Ferkel Richard D.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Surgical options for septic arthritis include open arthrotomy or an arthroscopic procedure. The optimal surgical technique remains a matter of debate as acceptable results have been reported for both.

Purpose:

To evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopy versus arthrotomy for the treatment of septic arthritis in large and intermediate-sized joints.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A literature search was performed of the PubMed and Cochrane online databases through September 2023 identifying articles comparing arthroscopy with arthrotomy for the treatment of septic arthritis. Eligible articles included retrospective or prospective comparative studies investigating reoperation, perioperative complications, or clinical outcomes after arthroscopic or open treatment for septic arthritis of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, or ankle in adults.

Results:

In total, 23 articles with 34,248 patients met the inclusion criteria comparing arthroscopy with arthrotomy. In 14 of the 20 (70%) studies that reported on reoperation rates, there was no significant difference in arthroscopic versus open surgical management for septic arthritis. Four (20%) studies reported lower reoperation rates when arthroscopy was utilized compared with open arthrotomy. One single-institution study found arthrotomy to be more effective for shoulder septic arthritis, and another favored open surgery only in the presence of erosions. In 11 of 23 (47.8%) studies, no difference in complications or clinical outcomes was found. However, 11 of 23 (47.8%) studies comprising the shoulder, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle reported a significant benefit to arthroscopy for improved outcomes.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of septic arthritis involving the shoulder, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle appears to be safe and effective. Reoperation rates, short-term complications, and functional outcomes tend to be similar or in favor of arthroscopy when compared with arthrotomy.