bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectral measure of empirical autocovariance matrices of high-dimensional Gaussian stationary processes
Authors: Bose Arup , Hachem Walid
Published: July 2022

Consider the empirical autocovariance matrices at given non-zero time lags, based on observations from a multivariate complex Gaussian stationary time series. The spectral analysis of these autocovariance matrices can be useful in certain statistical problems, such as those related to testing for white noise. We study the behavior of their spectral measure in the asymptotic regime where the time series dimension and the observation window length both grow to infinity, and at the same rate. Following a general framework in the field of the spectral analysis of large random non-Hermitian matrices, at first the probabilistic behavior of the small singular values of a shifted version of the autocovariance matrix is obtained. This is then used to obtain the asymptotic behavior of the empirical spectral measure of the autocovariance matrices at any lag. Matrix orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle play a crucial role in our study.
Determining the Significant Kinematic Features for Characterizing Stress during Surgical Tasks Using Spatial Attention
Authors: Zheng Yi , Leonard Grey , Zeh Herbert , Majewicz Fey Ann
Published: July 2022

It has been shown that intraoperative stress can have a negative effect on surgeon surgical skills during laparoscopic procedures. For novice surgeons, stressful conditions can lead to significantly higher velocity, acceleration, and jerk of the surgical instrument tips, resulting in faster but less smooth movements. However, it is still not clear which of these kinematic features (velocity, acceleration, or jerk) is the best marker for identifying the normal and stressed conditions. Therefore, in order to find the most significant kinematic feature that is affected by intraoperative stress, we implemented a spatial attention-based Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) classifier. In a prior IRB approved experiment, we collected data from medical students performing an extended peg transfer task who were randomized into a control group and a group performing the task under external psychological stresses. In our prior work, we obtained “representative” normal or stressed movements from this dataset using kinematic data as the input. In this study, a spatial attention mechanism is used to describe the contribution of each kinematic feature to the classification of normal/stressed movements. We tested our classifier under Leave-One-User-Out (LOUO) cross-validation, and the classifier reached an overall accuracy of 77.11% for classifying “representative” normal and stressed movements using kinematic features as the input. More importantly, we also studied the spatial attention extracted from the proposed classifier. Velocity and acceleration on both sides had significantly higher attention for classifying a normal movement ([Formula: see text]); Velocity ([Formula: see text]) and jerk ([Formula: see text]) on nondominant hand had significant higher attention for classifying a stressed movement, and it is worthy noting that the attention of jerk on nondominant hand side had the largest increment when moving from describing normal movements to stressed movements ([Formula: see text]). In general, we found that the jerk on nondominant hand side can be used for characterizing the stressed movements for novice surgeons more effectively.
The Characterization of Substructures of γ‐Anti Fuzzy Subgroups with Application in Genetics
Authors: Kalaiarasi Kalaichelvan , Sudha P. , Kausar Nasreen , Kousar Sajida , Pamucar Dragan , Ide Nasr Al Din
Published: July 2022

Fuzzy and anti fuzzy normal subgroups are the current instrument for dealing with ambiguity in various decision‐making challenges. This article discusses γ‐anti fuzzy normal subgroups and γ‐fuzzy normal subgroups. Set‐theoretic properties of union and intersection are examined and it is observed that union and intersection of γ‐anti fuzzy normal subgroups are γ‐anti fuzzy normal subgroups. Employee selection impacts the input quality of employees and hence plays an important part in human resource management. The cost of a group is established in proportion to the fuzzy multisets of a fuzzy multigroup. It was a good idea to introduce anti‐intuitionistic fuzzy sets and anti‐intuitionistic fuzzy subgroups, as well as to demonstrate some of their algebraic features. Product of γ‐anti fuzzy normal subgroups and γ‐fuzzy normal subgroups is defined, the product’s algebraic nature is analyzed, and the findings are supported by presenting γ‐anti typical sections with blurring and γ‐ordinary parts with the weirdness of well‐defined and well‐established groups of genetic codes.
Some Inequalities of Hermite–Hadamard Type for MT-h-Convex Functions via Classical and Generalized Fractional Integrals
Authors: Qi Hengxiao , Nazeer Waqas , Abbas Fatima , Liao Wenbo
Published: July 2022

Convexity plays a vital role in pure and applied mathematics specially in optimization theory, but the classical convexity is not enough to fulfil the needs of modern mathematics; hence, it is important to study generalized notion of convexity. Fraction integral operators also become an important tool for solving problems of model physical and engineering processes that are found to be best described by fractional differential equations. The aim of this paper is to study MT-h-convex functions via fractional integral operators. We establish several Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities for MT-h-convex function via classical and generalized fractional integrals. We also obtain special means related to our results and present some error estimates for the trapezoidal formulas.
Reveal the Mechanisms of Yi-Fei-Jian-Pi-Tang on Covid-19 through Network Pharmacology Approach
Authors: Lang Wanying , Yang Feng , Cai Fanfan , Shi Wengui , Dong Min , An Qi , Li Yanping
Published: July 2022

Objectives. The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula Yi-Fei-Jian-Pi-Tang (YFJPT) has been demonstrated effective against Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). The aim of this article is to make a thorough inquiry about its active constituent as well as mechanisms against Covid-19 via TCM network pharmacology. Methods. All the ingredients of YFJPT are obtained from the pharmacology database of the TCM system. The genes which are associated with the targets are obtained by utilizing UniProt. The herb-target network is built up by utilizing Cytoscape. The target protein-protein interaction network is built by utilizing the STRING database and Cytoscape. The critical targets of YFJPT are explored by Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Results. The outcomes show that YFJPT might has 33 therapeutic targets on Covid-19, namely, interleukin 2 (IL2), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), interleukin 4 (IL4), interferon gamma (FNG), α nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in Bcells inhibitor, alpha (NFKBIA), nuclear factor-k-gene binding (NFKB), nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), interleukin 10 (IL10), jun proto-oncogene (JUN), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), tumor protein p53 (TP53), interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL6), erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), RELA proto-oncogene (RELA), NF-κB subunit, caspase 8 (CASP8), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARA), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), interleukin 1 alpha (IL1A), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), myeloperoxidase (MPO), matrix metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3), matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1), and NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 (NFE2L2). The gene enrichment analysis prompts that YFJPT most likely contributes to patients related to Covid-19 by regulating the pathways of cancers. Conclusions. That will lay a foundation for the clinical rational application and further experimental research of YFJPT.
The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio is Associated with the Requirement and the Duration of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yang Lijuan , Gao Chang , He Ying , Wang Xiaowan , Yang Ling , Guo Shiqi , Chen Jiahao , He Siyu , Sun Yuanxiao , Gao Ye , Guo Qiang
Published: July 2022

Background. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality and most ARDS patients require ventilatory support. Applying appropriate ventilation strategies based on patients’ individual situations has a direct impact upon patients’ outcome. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to predict the early requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between baseline NLR and IMV in ARDS. Methods. A retrospective study was performed on patients who were diagnosed with ARDS using the Berlin definition and admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from 2017 to 2022. Clinical data within 24 h after the ARDS diagnosis were collected from the medical record system. Based on the ventilation strategies during hospitalization, patients were divided into three groups and their clinical characteristics were compared. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent risk factors for IMV. STROBE checklist was used for this manuscript. Results. 520 ARDS patients were included and the median NLR value in IMV group was significantly higher than that of other groups (

P
<
0.001

). NLR was significantly associated with the requirement of IMV in ARDS patients (OR, 1.042; 95% CI, 1.025–1.060;

P
<
0.001

), other independent risk factors included PaO2/FiO2, Hb, lactate, and use of vasoactive drugs (all

P
<
0.05

). Moreover, we found that the duration of IMV was longer in patients with high NLR (8[IQR, 3–13], 10[IQR, 6–16], respectively,

P
=
0.025

). Conclusions. Our results revealed that high baseline NLR level was significantly correlated with an increased risk of IMV in patients with ARDS. Furthermore, higher NLR was associated with prolonged duration of IMV in patients with ARDS.
In Vitro Biocontrol Evaluation of Some Selected Trichoderma Strains against the Root Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) in Bure Woreda, Ethiopia
Authors: Girma Abayeneh
Published: July 2022

Capsicum annum L. is a major vegetable crop consumed worldwide as a spice, vegetable, pickle, condiment, and sauce. Each year in Ethiopia, 80% of the yield loss of hot peppers is caused by Fusarium wilt. Controlling this disease using fungicides can pollute the environment and induce genetic resistance in fungal phytopathogens. To solve this serious problem, it is necessary to look for economically safe, long-lasting, and effective biocontrol alternatives. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate antagonistically active Trichoderma strains against F. oxysporumf.sp.capsici using a dual culture assay. The results of this study revealed that out of 32 Trichoderma isolates tested in vitro, only six (T. harzianum (TD1), T. asperellum (TD5), T. viride (TD7), T. hamatum (TD11), T. virens (TD15), and T. longibrachiatum (TD21)) strains showed a varying rate (45.72–93.57%) of biocontrol activity toward the tested pathogen. Of six isolates, three (TD5, TD1, and TD7) strains showed effective antagonists against the root pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.capsici of hot pepper (C. annum) with a colonization percentage of 89.45%, 90.12%, and 93.57%, respectively. These Trichoderma strains showed higher inhibition efficiency (> 70%) against the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum with good stress tolerance (temperature, pH, salt concentration, and heavy metals) ability. The isolates also produce different hydrolytic enzymes (amylase, protease, cellulase, and chitinase) with mycoparasitism potential against the mycelia growth of F. oxysporum. Therefore, the results of this study concluded that TD1, TD5, and TD7 Trichoderma strains showed potential biocontrol effects with wide stress tolerance ability against the root pathogen F. oxysporum of hot pepper and can thus be recommended as the best alternative for wide greenhouse and field trial evaluations.
Efficient Detection Method of Pig-Posture Behavior Based on Multiple Attention Mechanism
Authors: Huang Li , Xu Lijia , Wang Yuchao , Peng Yingqi , Zou Zhiyong , Huang Peng
Published: July 2022

Due to the low detection precision and poor robustness, the traditional pig-posture and behavior detection method is difficult to apply in the complex pig captivity environment. In this regard, we designed the HE-Yolo (High-effect Yolo) model, which improves the Darknet-53 feature extraction network and integrates DAM (Dual attention mechanism) of channel attention mechanism and space attention mechanism, to recognize the posture behaviors of the enclosure pigs in real-time. First, the pig data set is clustered and optimized by the K-means algorithm to obtain a new anchor frame size. Second, the DSC (Depthwise separable convolution) and h-switch activation function are innovatively introduced into the Darknet-53 feature extraction network, and the C-Res (Contrary residual structure) unit is designed to build Darknet-A feature extraction network, so as to avoid network gradient explosion and ensure the integrity of feature information. Subsequently, DAM integrating the spatial attention mechanism and the channel attention mechanism is established, and it is further combined with the Incep-abate module to form DAB (Dual attention block), and HE-Yolo is finally built by Darknet-A and DAB. A total of 2912 images of 46 enclosure pigs are divided into the training set, the verification set, and the test set according to the ratio of 14 : 3:3, and the recognition performance of HE-Yolo is verified according to the parameters of the precision P, the recall R, the AP (i.e., the area of P-R curve) and the MAP (i.e., the average value of AP). The experiment results show that the AP values of HE-Yolo reach 99.25%, 98.41%, 94.43%, and 97.63%, respectively, in the recognition of four pig-posture behaviors of standing, sitting, prone and sidling of the test set. Compared with other models such as Yolo v3, SSD, and faster R–CNN, the mAP value of HE-Yolo is increased by 5.61%, 4.65%, and 0.57%, respectively, and the single-frame recognition time of HE-Yolo is only 0.045 s. In the recognition of images with foreign body occlusion and pig adhesion, the mAP values of HE-Yolo are increased by 4.04%, 4.94%, and 1.76%, respectively, while compared with other models. Under different lighting conditions, the mAP value of HE-Yolo is also higher than that of other models. The experimental results show that HE-Yolo can recognize the pig-posture behaviors with high precision, and it shows good generalization ability and luminance robustness, which provides technical support for the recognition of pig-posture behaviors and real-time monitoring of physiological health of the enclosure pigs.
Domain Adaptation through Photorealistic Enhanced Images for Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Katayama Takafumi , Song Tian , Jiang Xiantao , Leu Jenq-Shiou , Shimamoto Takashi
Published: July 2022

In this paper, three types of domain adaptation which are defined as image-level domain adaptation, interdomain adaptation, and intradomain adaptation are efficiently combined to construct a high efficiency framework for semantic segmentation. The proposed domain adaptation platform can achieve a high reduction of time-consuming to generate exhausted supervised data in the real world using photorealistic images. The proposed framework achieved a mean Intersection-over-Union (mIoU) of 45.0%. Furthermore, by combining the proposed method with intradomain adaptation, the improvement of 1.2% mIoU is achieved compared to previous work.
Ultra-High-Pressure Hydraulic Slitting Pressure Relief and Penetration Enhancement Technology and Equipment for Soft Coal Seams
Authors: Niu Xingang , Zhao Yi , Li Ke , Zhang Yongjiang
Published: July 2022

There is a “bottleneck effect” in the extraction process of ordinary boreholes. It is crucial to enhance the permeability of the boreholes. In this paper, a set of ultra-high-pressure water jet-based drilling and slotting integrated equipment was designed and applied, and the ultra-high-pressure safeguarding technology of several key components has been studied. Finally, the gas drainage effect of slotted boreholes and ordinary boreholes was investigated through field tests. The test results showed that after using ultra-high-pressure hydraulic slotting, the average drainage concentration of slotted boreholes is 1.49 times that of the ordinary boreholes. The average extraction scalar volume of slotted drilling is 3.02 times that of ordinary boreholes. Under the condition of original content of 12 m3/t, the extraction radii of slotted boreholes in 3 months and 6 months are 3.76 m and 4.76 m, respectively. The effective radius of the slotted boreholes is 1.76 times that of the ordinary boreholes, which indicate that the ultra-high-pressure hydraulic slotting technology can effectively relieve the pressure and increase the permeability of the soft coal seam.
Platelet-To-Lymphocyte and Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratios Predict Intestinal Injury in Male Heroin Addicts
Authors: Zhang Xinfeng , Zhang Xiaoli , Luo Huayou , Shu Ruo , Guo Li , Zhou Jinghong , Tan Bowen , Guo Xiao , Wang Yuhan , Tian Yan
Published: July 2022

Objective. To explore the potential link between gut damage and proinflammatory cytokines in heroin-dependent patients. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed and compared partial blood counts and biomarkers of intestinal injury and their potential correlations in 38 male heroin abuse patients and 29 healthy male participants. In addition, we compared and assessed proinflammatory cytokines and immune cells in 10 heroin abuse patients and 10 healthy participants. Results. Neutrophil counts, platelets/lymphocytes (PLR), neutrophils/lymphocytes (NLR), gut injury biomarkers, and proinflammatory cytokines, CD19+B in patients compared with healthy subjects’ cells increased significantly. The number of lymphocytes, CD3 CD4 T cells, and CD3 CD8 T cells decreased in patients compared to healthy individuals. When distinguishing between heroin addicts and healthy people, ROC/AUC analysis showed that a cutoff of 142.42 for PLR and 2.18 for NLR yielded a sensitivity of 65% and 85% and a specificity of 96.5% and 89.7%, respectively (p=0.001,p<0.001). For predicting intestinal injury, ROC/AUC analysis showed that a cutoff of 135.7 for PLR and 0.15 for NLR yielded a sensitivity of 52% and 60% and a specificity of 82% and 86.4%, respectively (p=0.003,p=0.009). Male heroin addicts are subject to intestinal injury and present with increased proinflammatory cytokine levels. Conclusion. NLR and PLR are possible indirect biomarkers for heroin dependence based on intestinal injury.
Research on Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Microseismic Events of Slip-Type Rockburst
Authors: Xu Kun , Song Leibo , Song Wenjie , He Jiangtao , Li Liping , Yan Ge , Chen Qin , Wang Gang
Published: July 2022

Based on the microseismic monitoring data of underground cavern of Shuangjiangkou Hydropower Station, the internal relationship between rockburst and microseismic events is analyzed and the occurrence mechanism of slip-type rockburst in underground cavern of Shuangjiangkou Hydropower Station is analyzed through the change of microseismic monitoring b value to warn the risk level of rockburst. The results show that microseismic events are closely related to excavation activities, and the change of b value reflects the rockburst risk level. The smaller the b value of microseismic events is, the more large magnitude events is and the greater the possibility of rockburst is. The slip-type rockburst was mainly affected by structural plane; it is due to the accumulation of elastic strain energy at the structural plane and the sudden release under the action of unloading or disturbance, driving the block on the structure surface fast slide, mainly manifested as the sliding of large blocks of surrounding rock, and forming a “V” shape pit blasting or cuneate blasting crater, as well as destruction with crackle. Compared with the strained rockburst, the damage is more serious. The research results can provide reference for rockburst prediction and prevention in similar deep rock engineering.
A 3D Face Modeling and Recognition Method Based on Binocular Stereo Vision and Depth-Sensing Detection
Authors: Zhang Ziyou , Feng Ziliang , Wang Wei , Guo Yanqiong
Published: July 2022

The human face is an important channel for human interaction and is the most expressive part of the human body with personalized and diverse characteristics. To improve the modeling speed as well as recognition speed and accuracy of 3D faces, this paper proposes a laser scanning binocular stereo vision imaging method based on binocular stereo vision and depth-sensing detection method. Existing matching methods have a weak anti-interference capability, cannot identify the spacing of objects quickly and efficiently, and have too large errors. Using the technique mentioned in this paper can remedy these shortcomings by mainly using the laser lines scanned onto the object as strong feature cues for left and right views for binocular vision matching and thus for depth measurement perception of the object. The experiments in this paper first explore the effect of parameter variation of the laser scanning binocular vision imaging system on the accuracy of object measurement depth values in an indoor environment; the experimental data are selected from 68 face feature points for modeling, cameras that photograph faces, stereo calibration of the cameras using calibration methods to obtain the parameters of the binocular vision imaging system, and after stereo correction of the left and right camera images, the laser line scan light is used as a pixel matching strong features for binocular camera matching, which can achieve fast recognition and high accuracy and then select the system parameters with the highest accuracy to perform 3D reconstruction experiments on actual target objects in the indoor environment to achieve faster recognition.
Study on Fresh and Mechanical Properties of Polyblend Self‐Compacting Concrete with Metakaolin, Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate, and SAP as Alternative Resources
Authors: Vivek S. S. , Karthikeyan B. , Kanna G. Ragul , Selvaraj Senthil Kumaran , S Jose , Palanisamy Ponnusamy , Adane Tezeta Moges
Published: July 2022

This paper discusses the possibility of developing a lightweight self‐compacting concrete (SCC) with self‐curing capabilities. In this regard, a supplementary cementitious material metakaolin, a presoaked lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA), and a chemical agent, superabsorbent polymer (SAP), were incorporated in developing a self‐compacting self‐curing concrete possessing a target strength of 60 MPa through experimental investigations, and the results are reported. The research includes an analysis of basic material properties of constituent materials including fresh properties of concrete and mechanical properties such as compressive and splitting tensile strength. It was inferred from the experimental results that utilization of self‐curing agents in SCC has enhanced the mechanical properties when compared with conventional SCC mix. In particular, a combination of 0.3% SAP and 15% LECA gave the optimum strength values. The optimum usage limit of both the materials is presented in this study, and the results prove that SCC can be used as an alternate resource without disturbing the natural resources.
A Comprehensive Skills Analysis of Novice Software Developers Working in the Professional Software Development Industry
Authors: Mian Imdad Ahmad , Ijaz-ul-Haq  , Anwar Aamir , Alroobaea Roobaea , Ullah Syed Sajid , Almansour Fahad , Umar Fazlullah
Published: July 2022

Measuring and evaluating a learner’s learning ability is always the focus of every person whose aim is to develop strategies and plans for their learners to improve the learning process. For example, classroom assessments, self‐assessment using computer systems such as Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS), and other approaches are available. Assessment of metacognition is one of these techniques. Having the ability to evaluate and monitor one’s learning is known as metacognition. An individual can then propose adjustments to their learning process based on this assessment. By monitoring, improving, and planning their activities, learners who can manage their cognitive skills are better able to manage their knowledge about a particular subject. It is common knowledge that students’ metacognitive and self‐assessment skills and abilities have been extensively studied, but no research has been carried out on the mistakes that novice developers make because they do not use their self‐assessment abilities enough. This study aims to assess the metacognitive skills and abilities of novice software developers working in the industry and to describe the consequences of awareness of metacognition on their performance. In the proposed study, we experimented with novice software developers and collected data using Devskiller and a self‐assessment log to analyze their use of self‐regulation skills. The proposed study showed that when developers are asked to reflect upon their work, they become more informed about their habitual mistakes, and using a self‐assessment log helps them highlight their repetitive mistakes and experiences which allows them to improve their performance on future tasks.
Stability of Natural Fractures under Disturbance of Hydraulic Fractures in Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Wu Yuanqin , Yi Xiangyi , Lu Yuan , Li Ying
Published: July 2022

Activating the natural fracture (NF) during hydraulic fracture (HF) propagation is a dominant factor for forming the complex fracture network in shale reservoirs. On basis of Renshaw and Pollard’s criterion for fracture intersection, we simulate the NF stability under dynamic disturbance of HF propagation in shale reservoirs with the cohesive zone model in ABAQUS and analyze the effects of various factors on the NF stability. The results show that activation of the NFs in shale hydraulic fracturing is controlled by NF length, NF density, intersection angle between the NF and the HF, horizontal principal stress difference, frac fluid viscosity, and injection rate. During HF propagation, the NF shorter than 0.2 m is less likely to be activated, and those longer than 0.5 m are more likely to be activated. As the NF density increases, not all NFs are activated. The NF at an approach angle larger than 10° is more likely to be activated. The NF is more likely to be activated under the low stress difference, and the NF cannot be activated when the stress difference is higher than 10 MPa. Both frac fluid viscosity and injection rate have effects on activation of NFs, and the NF is more likely to be activated by higher viscosity frac fluid and under higher injection rate. The results provide reference for fracture network stimulation in shale reservoirs.
Development for Multisensor and Virtual Simulator–Based Automatic Broadcast Shooting System
Authors: Lee Wonjun , Lim Hyung-Jun , Kim Mun Sang
Published: July 2022

To solve the limitations of complexity and repeatability of existing broadcast filming systems, a new broadcast filming system was developed. In particular, for Korean music broadcasts, the shooting sequence is stage and lighting installation, rehearsal, lighting effect production, and main shooting; however, this sequence is complex and involves multiple people. We developed an automatic shooting system that can produce the same effect as the sequence with a minimum number of people as the era of un-tact has emerged because of COVID-19. The developed system comprises a simulator. After developing a stage using the simulator, during rehearsal, dancers’ movements are acquired using UWB and two-dimensional (2D) LiDAR sensors. By inserting acquired movement data in the developed stage, a camera effect is produced using a virtual camera installed in the developed simulator. The camera effect comprises pan, tilt, and zoom, and a camera director creates lightning effects while evaluating the movements of virtual dancers on the virtual stage. In this study, four cameras were used, three of which were used for camera pan, tilt, and zoom control, and the fourth was used as a fixed camera for a full shot. Video shooting is performed according to the pan, tilt, and zoom values ​​of the three cameras and switcher data. Only the video of dancers recorded during rehearsal and that produced by the lighting director via the existing broadcast filming process is overlapped in the developed simulator to assess lighting effects. The lighting director assesses the overlapping video and then corrects parts that require to be corrected or emphasized. The abovementioned method produced better lighting effects optimized for music and choreography compared to existing lighting effect production methods. Finally, the performance and lighting effects of the developed simulator and system were confirmed by shooting using K-pop using the pan, tilt, and zoom control plan, switcher sequence, and lighting effects of the selected camera.
Consistency and Accuracy Evaluation Analysis of Four Cropland Cover Products: A Case Study of Indochina Peninsula
Authors: Wang Xue , Wang Jun , Wang Wei , Zhao Minning
Published: July 2022

Information on the area and spatial distribution of cropland resources is very important for agricultural monitoring and sustainable development. The existing evaluation and analysis of cropland resources mainly focus on the first-class cropland types, and the spatial resolution of cropland cover products studied is low (<30 m), which cannot meet the needs of food security assessment and sustainable analysis of cropland resources. Therefore, in this paper, four published cropland cover products with a spatial resolution of 30 m (GFSAD30SEACE, GLC_FCS30-2015, FROM-GLC2015, and SERVIR MEKONG) are evaluated for consistency and accuracy through area validation, comparison of spatial pattern distribution, and fieldwork data. The results showed that (1) the area and spatial pattern of the four first-class cropland cover types were consistent, especially the GFSAD30SEACE product. However, the area and spatial consistency among different products decreased significantly for the finer type of secondary cropland cover, and the area percentage of rice field was only 3.03%. (2) The spatial inconsistency areas of cultivated land for the four products have different distribution rules under different topographic factors, mainly distributed in the range of elevation (<300 m), slope (2°-15°), and topographic relief (0-10 m). (3) The GFSAD30SEACE product had the highest overall accuracy of 88.33% for the primary type of cropland cover. The overall accuracy was lower for all secondary types of cropland cover, with the SERVIR MEKONG product having the highest overall accuracy (71.64%) and the other products having an overall accuracy of less than 62%. Therefore, future land cover mapping of cropland needs to focus on technical solutions for the classification of fine cropland types.
[Retracted] Measurement of Logistics Radiation Range and Improvement of Logistics Radiation Ability of City Clusters
Authors: Zhou Qiaoping , Wang Rui , Bae Ki-Hyung , Wang Xuejiao
Published: July 2022

The current development plans for logistics of city clusters often pursue investment speed, while overlooking the economic benefits of logistics within city clusters. To prevent the waste of logistics resources, it is meaningful to study the meaning of the logistics radiation ability of city clusters and determine their logistics radiation range. Taking Ningbo Metropolitan Area as an example, this paper tries to measure logistics radiation range and improve logistics radiation ability of city clusters. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was adopted to quantify the logistics influencing factors. Besides, an improved breakpoint model was established based on the breakpoint theory, the logistics radiation range model, and the integrated logistics field theory. Drawing on the statistics in 2017, the improved model was applied to empirically measure the variation of integrated logistics quality of eight cities and determine the logistics radiation ranges of Ningbo Metropolitan Area relative to Shanghai Metropolitan Area and Hangzhou Metropolitan Area. Finally, several countermeasures were developed to improve the logistics radiation ability of Ningbo Metropolitan Area: the positioning of metropolitan areas, the model of logistics development, the development of industries closely associated with logistics, and the cultivation of strategic locational advantages. The research provides a good reference for the government of Ningbo to develop advantageous logistics fields around advantages and turn the city into an economic center.
Cartoon-Style Image Rendering Transfer Based on Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Lei
Published: July 2022

Cartoon rendering of images is a challenging nonphotorealistic image rendering task, which aims to transform real photos into cartoon-style nonphotorealistic images while preserving the semantic content and texture details of the original photos. Based on the understanding of the characteristics of cartoon images and analysis of the defects of established approaches, this paper improves existing methods. The convolutional neural networks’ powerful image processing ability and attention mechanism are utilized to get more fine-grained image features, making the result of rendering more realistic. This paper mainly studies how neural networks can better process cartoon pictures, adjust parameters, and choose training methods. Furthermore, the article proposes a new solution of cartoon-style image rendering based on deep learning. The actual test results of real original images have shown that the model is suitable for cartoon-style image rendering.
Urban-Rural Logistics Coupling Coordinated Development and Urban-Rural Integrated Development: Measurement, Influencing Factors, and Countermeasures
Authors: Jia Jing , Yin Lvjiang , Yan Caozheng
Published: July 2022

The integrated development of urban and rural areas is the best way to promote agricultural and rural construction and achieve rural revitalization in the new era and promote the equal exchange and two-way flow of urban and rural elements. The coupling coordinated development of urban-rural logistics has opened the channel for “selling agricultural products to the cities, while selling industrial products to the countryside,” thereby laying a solid foundation for the two-way flow of factors between urban and rural areas. Therefore, it is essential to measure the grey correlation between the coupling coordination degree of urban-rural logistics and the integrated development level of urban and rural areas, analyze the key factors affecting the urban-rural integrated development, and put forward measures to promote it. First, this paper constructs an index system of coupling coordination degree; then it measures the coupling coordinated development level of urban-rural logistics using the coupling coordination degree model. Second, it constructs an index system and measures the urban-rural integrated development level using the entropy method and comprehensive weighted method. Finally, it quantitatively measures the grey correlation degree between the coupling coordination degree of urban-rural logistics and the integrated development level of urban and rural areas using the grey correlation analysis method. The results reveal that the coupling coordinated development level of urban-rural logistics has improved and the urban-rural integrated development level has had a significant upward trend. The factors in the subsystems of urban-rural logistics, such as economic environment, logistics infrastructure, logistics informatization level, logistics demand level, and logistics human resources, have an excellent effect on promoting the urban-rural integrated development.
Optimal Control Strategy of Back-to-Back Converter Based on AC/DC Voltage Source Converter
Authors: Wu Haotian , Wei Zhong , Liu Shiwen
Published: July 2022

The back-to-back converter is a converter system composed of two voltage source converters (VSC). Because VSC can regulate the output of active and reactive power, the back-to-back converter has a good dynamic and static performance. However, not all passive loads are three-phase symmetrical. The existing control strategy may lead to asymmetric output voltage when back-to-back converter is used to supply unbalance load. Usually, an inner loop d/q decoupling controller, a constant DC voltage controller of the rectifier side, and a constant AC voltage controller of the inverter side are established. In this article, in order to improve the rectifier side, fuzzy online self-tuning is used to increase PI parameters on the outer voltage loop. PI control is replaced by PR control on the inner current loop. The improved rectifier control can reduce the overshoot and the output of harmonics. For the inverter side, the three-phase voltage will be imbalanced. Therefore, using PR control, which can track a sinusoidal signal without steady-state error, the control strategy of inverter is changed into “outer loop constant voltage and PR control-inner loop current d/q decoupling control.” This strategy can solve the unbalance problem of three-phase AC output. The simulation results show that the control strategy can solve the problem of asymmetric output voltage of the inverter side effectively.
High-Quality Nursing Combined with the Whole-Course Responsibility Nursing Intervention Reduces the Incidence of Complications in Severe Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Qian Xiaoli , Gong Lin , Zhou Fen , Zhang Yan , Wang Haibo
Published: July 2022

Objective. The aim of this study is to study the influence of whole-course responsibility nursing combined with high-quality nursing intervention on the level of life and complications of severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with postoperative coma. Methods. From December 2018 to December 2020, 90 severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with postoperative coma were selected and were divided into two groups, the experimental group and the control group, with 45 cases in each group. The control group adopted conventional nursing care, and the experimental group received whole-course responsibility nursing combined with high-quality nursing intervention. The nursing effect, degree of coma, coma recovery, and incidence of complications between all groups were compared. Results. Compared with the control group, the experimental group yielded more favorable achievement in terms of the nursing effect (

P
<
0.05

). Superior levels of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) score, GQOLI-74 score, and BI score of the experimental group were obtained and compared with the control group (all

P
<
0.05

). The experimental group witnessed a lower complication rate, as compared to the other group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The whole-course responsibility nursing combined with high-quality nursing intervention is applied to severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with postoperative coma, which can substantially optimize the nursing efficiency, improve the degree of coma, help recover consciousness, ameliorate the mental state and the quality of life, and reduce the incidence of complications, which is worthy of clinical application.
Golgin Subfamily A Member 5 Is Essential for Production of Extracellular Matrix Proteins during TGF-β1-Induced Periodontal Ligament-Fibroblastic Differentiation
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jin , Kim Seong-Min , Choi Min-Jeong , Jang Young-Joo
Published: July 2022

Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) can be differentiated into periodontal ligament- (PDL-) fibroblastic progenitors by treatment with low concentrations of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Although much is known about the profibrotic effects of TGF-β1, the molecular mechanisms mediating the activation of fibroblasts in periodontal ligament-fibroblastic differentiation are not well known. Our study was to investigate the mechanism of the fibroblastic process in the periodontal ligament differentiation of hPDLSCs through the discovery of novel markers. One of the monoclonal antibodies previously established through decoy immunization was the anti-LG11 antibody, which recognized Golgi subfamily A member 5 (GOLGA5) as a PDL-fibroblastic progenitor-specific antigen. GOLGA5/LG11 was significantly upregulated in TGF-β1-induced PDL-fibroblastic progenitors and accumulated in the PDL region of the tooth root. GOLGA5 plays a role in vesicle tethering and docking between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. siRNA-mediated depletion of endogenous GOLGA5 upregulated in TGF-β1-induced PDL-fibroblastic progenitors resulted in downregulation of representative PDL-fibroblastic markers and upregulation of osteoblast markers. When the TGF-β1 signaling pathway was blocked or GOLGA5 was depleted by siRNA, the levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as type I collagen and fibronectin, decreased in PDL-fibroblastic progenitors. In addition, Golgi structures in the perinuclear region underwent fragmentation under these conditions. These results suggest that GOLGA5/LG11 is a PDL-fibroblastic marker with functional importance in ECM protein production and secretion, which are important processes in PDL-fibroblastic differentiation.
Influence of Organic-Inorganic Composition on the Adsorption of Niutitang Formation Shale in Huijunba Syncline
Authors: Xing Xiang , Fu Deliang , Wang Zixiang , Tian Yang , Sun Lina
Published: July 2022

To study the influence of different organic-inorganic composition on the adsorption in shale, taking the Niutitang Formation shale in the Huijunba syncline in southern Hanzhong as the research object, based on acid treatment to extract kerogen and wet chemicals. Extracting mineral components by oxidation method, a series of isothermal adsorption experiments were carried out on the original rock, kerogen, and mineral components of the samples. Through the three-dimensional Langmuir model fitting and adsorption thermodynamic calculation method, the adsorption thermodynamic parameters such as the isometric heat of adsorption and the standard adsorption entropy are obtained. The research results show that organic matter is the primary factor affecting the methane adsorption of shale and clay minerals also affect the adsorption to a certain extent. When the burial depth is relatively shallow, diagenesis has a promoting effect on the total amount of adsorption. As the depth increases, the diagenesis will turn into an inhibitory effect on the total amount of adsorption. Through the component weighting method, the lower limit ratio of the adsorbed amount of organic matter to the total amount in the shale is 29.3%~46.7% when the depth reaches to 3000 m, while the upper limit ratio of the adsorption of mineral components is 66.4%~73.6%.
Modeling and Forecasting Electricity Demand and Prices: A Comparison of Alternative Approaches
Authors: Shah Ismail , Iftikhar Hasnain , Ali Sajid
Published: July 2022

Electricity demand and price forecasting are key components for the market participants and system operators as precise forecasts are necessary to manage power systems effectively. However, forecasting electricity demand and prices are challenging due to their specific features, such as high frequency, volatility, long trend, nonconstant mean and variance, mean reversion, multiple seasonalities, calendar effects, and spikes/jumps. Thus, the main aim of this study is to propose models that can efficiently forecast electricity demand and prices. To this end, the time series (demand/price) is divided into two components. The first component is considered a deterministic component that includes a trend, yearly, seasonal, and weekly periodicities, calendar effects, and lagged exogenous information and is modeled by parametric and nonparametric approaches. The second component is known as a stochastic (residual) component that is estimated using univariate autoregressive (AR) and multivariate vector autoregressive (VAR) models. The estimation of these models is carried out by four different estimation methods, including ordinary least squares (O), Lasso (L), Ridge (R), and Elastic‐net (E). The proposed modeling scheme is applied to Nordic electricity demand and price time series, and one‐day‐ahead out‐of‐sample forecasts are obtained for a whole year. Besides descriptive statistics, a statistical significance test is also used to evaluate the models’ forecasting accuracy. The results suggest that the proposed methodology effectively forecasts the price and demand for electricity. In addition, the choice of the estimation procedure used for both deterministic and stochastic components has a significant effect on the forecasting results. Furthermore, multivariate vector autoregressive gives superior performance compared to univariate autoregressive models.
Energy Metabolism and Lipidome Are Highly Regulated during Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Follicle Cells
Authors: Pieles Oliver , Höring Marcus , Adel Sadiyeh , Reichert Torsten E. , Liebisch Gerhard , Morsczeck Christian
Published: July 2022

Dental follicle cells (DFCs) are stem/progenitor cells of the periodontium and give rise to alveolar osteoblasts. However, understanding of the molecular mechanisms of osteogenic differentiation, which is required for cell-based therapies, is delimited. This study is aimed at analyzing the energy metabolism during the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. Human DFCs were cultured, and osteogenic differentiation was induced by either dexamethasone or bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). Previous microarray data were reanalyzed to examine pathways that are regulated after osteogenic induction. Expression and activity of metabolic markers were evaluated by western blot analysis and specific assays, relative amount of mitochondrial DNA was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the oxidative state of cells was determined by a glutathione assay, and the lipidome of cells was analyzed via mass spectrometry (MS). Moreover, osteogenic markers were analyzed after the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis by 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid or C75. Pathway enrichment analysis of microarray data revealed that carbon metabolism was amongst the top regulated pathways after osteogenic induction in DFCs. Further analysis showed that enzymes involved in glycolysis, citric acid cycle, mitochondrial activity, and lipid metabolism are differentially expressed during differentiation, with most markers upregulated and more markedly after induction with dexamethasone compared to BMP2. Moreover, the cellular state was more oxidized, and mitochondrial DNA was distinctly upregulated during the second half of differentiation. Besides, MS of the lipidome revealed higher lipid concentrations after osteogenic induction, with a preference for species with lower numbers of C-atoms and double bonds, which indicates a de novo synthesis of lipids. Concordantly, inhibition of fatty acid synthesis impeded the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. This study demonstrates that energy metabolism is highly regulated during osteogenic differentiation of DFCs including changes in the lipidome suggesting enhanced de novo synthesis of lipids, which are required for the differentiation process.