bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arcyria minuta
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Krivomaz T. I. , Michaud A. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Arcyria minuta
, found on dead wood and bark. Some information on its morphology, associated organisms and substrata, interactions and habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Malawi, Morocco, Reunion, Rwanda, Sudan, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkey, Costa Rica, Canada [Ontario and Quebec], USA [Tennessee and Texas], Venezuela, Australia [Western Australia], New Zealand, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Ukraine and UK).
Arcyria stipata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Krivomaz T. I. , Michaud A. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Arcyria stipata
, usually found on dead wood and occasionally on other substrata. Some information on its morphology, associated organisms and substrata, interactions and habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Panama, Canada [British Columbia and Ontario], USA [Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Oregon, Tennessee, Washington and West Virginia], Colombia, Venezuela, China, India [Himachal Pradesh], Japan, Nepal, Philippines, Russia, New Zealand, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Belarus, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and UK).
Perichaena chrysosperma
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Krivomaz T. I. , Michaud A. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Perichaena chrysosperma
, found on dead wood, bark, fallen leaves, cladodes and occasionally on dung. Some information on its morphology, associated organisms and substrata, interactions and habitats, dispersal and transmission, economic impact and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, Canada [Manitoba and Ontario], Mexico, USA [Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Montana, North Dakota, Texas, Washington and West Virginia], Argentina, Brazil [Pernambuco], Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, China, India [Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal], Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, Turkey, Ascension Island, Australia [New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia], New Zealand, United States Virgin Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine and UK).
Valsa germanica
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Valsa germanica
, found on branches of
Populus
sp. and
Salix
sp. Some information on its morphology, associated organisms and substrata, interactions and habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (South Africa, USA [Montana, New Hampshire and Washington], Republic of Georgia, Japan, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine and UK).
Valsa melanodiscus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Valsa melanodiscus
, found on
Alnus
sp. branches and rarely on other members of the Betulaceae. Some information on its morphology, associated organisms and substrata, interactions and habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Canada [British Columbia and Ontario], USA [Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Montana, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Utah, Washington and Wyoming], Republic of Georgia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine).
Bartalinia goniolimonis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Bartalinia goniolimonis
, found on leaves of Plumbaginaceae. Some information on its morphology, associated organisms and substrata, interactions and habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Russia).
Mycosphaerella iridis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Mycosphaerella iridis
, a terrestrial fungus, parasitic and causing brownish spots on the distal parts of older leaves. Some information on its habitats, economic impacts, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (Canada (British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Saskachewan, Quebec), USA (California, Colorado, Idaho, Indiana, New jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Utah, Wyoming), South America (Venezuela), Asia (Armenia, China, Cyprus, Georgia, India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir), Iran, Kazakhstan (Alma-Atinskaya oblast, Chimkentskaya oblast), Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Turkmenistan), Australasia (New Zealand), Caribbean (St. Vincent), Europe (Austria, Belgium, former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Leningradskaya oblast, Novgorodskaya oblast, Pskovskaya oblast, Yaroslavskaya oblast), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK))) and hosts.
Amphiporthe hranicensis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Amphiporthe hranicensis
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission, associated organisms (including
Tilia platyphilla
), and conservation status is given, along with details of its habitat and geographical distribution (Asia (Armenia and Georgia), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Kursk oblast, Sweden and UK)). Conidiomata and ascomata are produced on dead leaves and twigs, but there in no information about colonization or relations with the colonized tissues. Also, no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Hercospora tiliae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Hercospora tiliae
. This species seems to be a saprobe fruiting on dead woody parts of plants. Some information on its dispersal and transmission, associated organisms (including
Tilia
sp.), and conservation status is given, along with details of its habitat and geographical distribution: Asia: Armenia and Georgia, Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia (Leningradskaya oblast), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and Ukraine, North America: Canada (Ontario), USA: Georgia, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire and New York, North Carolina: Tennessee, Washington DC and West Virgina. No reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Amanita afrospinosa
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Sharp C. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Amanita afrospinosa
, which as a likely mycorrhizal species, this fungus and the ecosystem services it provides are important in sustaining miombo woodland through enhanced uptake of minerals from nutrient-poor soils and by providing protection from desiccation. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Benin, Burundi, Zambia, Zimbabwe)). No reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Mackintoshia persica
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Sharp C. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Mackintoshia persica
, which as a likely mycorrhizal species, this fungus and the ecosystem services it provides are important in sustaining miombo woodland through enhanced uptake of minerals from nutrient-poor soils and by providing protection from desiccation. This species is locally used for food. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Zambia and Zimbabwe)). No reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Cercospora carotae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cercospora carotae
, a colonizer of leaves, and less frequently, other overground parts of cultivated carrot and other species of
Daucus
. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, Somalia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), North America (Canada (British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Quebec), Mexico and USA (California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Iowa, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin)), Central America (El Salvador, Guatemala and Panama), South America (Argentina, Brazil (Distrito Federal, Rio Grande do Sul), Chile, Guyana and Venezuela), Asia (Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India (Jammu and Kashmir), Japan, Jordan, Nepal, Pakistan, South Korea and Taiwan), Australasia (Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia) and New Zealand), Caribbean (American Virgin Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago), Europe (Austria, Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Stavropol krai, Republic of Tatarstan), Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden and UK) and Ukraine), Indian Ocean (Mauritius) and Pacific Ocean (Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Tonga and USA (Hawaii)) and hosts.
Passalora bupleuri
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Passalora bupleuri
, a colonizer of living leaves, causing mild leaf spot symptoms and further leaf fading and drying, probably hastening leaf death. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (South America (Chile), Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, India (Orissa and West Bengal), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia (Kamchatka oblast, Primorye krai) and Uzbekistan), Caribbean (Cuba) and Europe (Bulgaria, Estonia, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia (Belgorod oblast, Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Leningradskaya oblast, Lipetsk oblast, Stavropol krai, Tver oblast, Voronezh oblast), Slovakia, Spain and Ukraine)) and hosts (including
Bupleurum tenuissimum
).
Corynespora aquatica
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Castañeda Ruíz R. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Corynespora aquatica
. This fungus has been observed on decaying leaves submerged in a freshwater stream, in undisturbed rain forest. It is presumably a saprobe for at least part of its life cycle, but nothing else is known about its relation with associated plants. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Mexico)).
Sabuloglossum arenarium
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Sabuloglossum arenarium
. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (Quebec) and USA (Michigan)), Arctic (Greenland), Asia (India (West Bengal)), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden and UK)). No reports of negative economic impacts of this fungus have been found.
Paraulocladium angulosporum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Castañeda Ruíz R. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Paraulocladium angulosporum
, which is known only from twigs and fallen branches of
Syzygium jambos
. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Venezuela, Malaysia and Cuba) and associated organism (
S. jambos
).
Naetrocymbe fraxini
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Aguirre-Hudson B. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Naetrocymbe fraxini
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (USA (Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio and Vermont), India (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Karnataka and Kerala), Turkey, Cuba, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish Republic, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia (Kabardino-Balkar Republic), Spain, Sweden and UK), hosts (
Fraxinus
sp.,
Betula pubescens
,
Betula
sp.,
Crataegus monogyna, Crataegus
sp.,
Fraxinus nigra, F. ornus
and
Quercus petraea
) and associated organisms (
Dirinaria purpurascens
and
Trentepohlia
sp.).
Neoovularia nomuriana
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Neoovularia nomuriana
. This species seems to be parasitic, with records on living leaves, sometimes causing leaf spot symptoms. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia (Khabarovsky krai, Primorsky krai), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia (Chuvashskaya Republic, Ivanovskaya oblast, Kostromskaya oblast, Mari El Republic, Mordovskaya Republic, Tverskaya oblast, Samara oblast, Saratovskaya oblast, Ulianovskaya oblast, Volgogradskaya oblast), Ukraine)) and hosts (including living leaves or stems of
Astragalus
spp.).
Ramularia didymarioides
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ramularia didymarioides
, a plant parasite, apparently obligately associated with its host plants, causing a leafspot disease, with records on living, dying and dead leaves. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan), Australasia (Australia (Victoria (exterminated))), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Leningrad oblast), Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)) and hosts (
Bolbosaponaria
and
Silene
spp.). No reports of negative economic impacts of this fungus have been found.
Ruzenia spermoides
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ruzenia spermoides
, which is apparently saprobic on dead branches and wood (usually decorticated and often rotten and/or wet). Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Central America (Costa Rica), North America (Canada (British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador and Ontario)), USA (California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia and Washington)), Asia (India (Himachal Pradesh), Iran, Japan, Korea Republic and Turkey), Australasia (Australia (Victoria) and New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Leningrad oblast and Pskov oblast), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and UK) and associated organisms and substrata.
Ulocladium gpagarwalii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Castañeda Ruíz R. F. , Zhang X. G. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ulocladium gpagarwalii
. This species in known only from dead fallen unidentified plant material, and so presumably a saprobe for at least part of its life cycle. Some information on its habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (India (Andhra Pradesh))).
Belonium psammicola
.
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Belonium psammicola
, found on old wet dead leaves of grasses typical of coastal sand ecosystems (usually
Ammophila arenaria
). Nothing is known about when it colonizes the substratum, but it is saprobic by the time ascomata are produced, mostly on the hidden surface of introlled leaves. Some information on its habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden, UK)).
Taphrophila trichella
.
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Taphrophila trichella
, found mainly on dead and decaying leaves of
Ammophila
, a grass of coastal sand ecosystem, with records from the leaf underside and from the inner inrolled surface. Nothing is known about when it colonizes the substratum, but it is saprobic by the time ascomata are produced. Some information on its habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (Belgium, UK)).
Hypotrachyna sinuosa
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Hypotrachyna sinuosa
, which is most often observed on living bark of shrubs and trees in moist, nutrient-poor, often montane ecosystems, being typically a species of temperate often oceanic or montane rainforest, or of tropical montane cloud forest. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda), North America (Canada (British Columbia), Mexico, USA (Alaska, California, Florida, North Carolina, Oregon, Tennessee, Washington)), Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Falkland Islands, Venezuela), Asia (Bhutan, China (Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan), India (Sikkim, West Bengal), Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia (Altai Republic, Irkutsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Primorsky Krai, Republic of Buryatia, Republic of Khakassia, Yakutia), Taiwan), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal (Azores, Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands)), Australasia (Auckland Island, Australia (Tasmania, Victoria), Campbell Island, Macquarie Island, New Zealand), Caribbean (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK), Indian Ocean (Réunion), Pacific Ocean (New Caledonia, USA (Hawaii))). With its production of physciosporin, this species is one of several found to contain secondary metabolites able to inhibit motility of lung cancer cells in humans. Other uses of this species have all been as ecological indicators.
Leptogium burgessii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Leptogium burgessii
, which, in the British Isles, is most frequently observed on mossy trunks, especially
Corylus avellana
and
Fraxinus excelsior
, but also on mossy rocks. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania), North America (Canada (New Brunswick), Mexico, USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Texas, West Virginia)), Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Panama), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela), Asia (Bhutan, China (Sichuan, Yunnan), India (Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand), Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal (Azores, Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands)), Australasia (Australia (Victoria), New Zealand), Caribbean (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica), Europe (Ireland, Norway, Portugal, Spain, UK), Indian Ocean (French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Amsterdam and St Paul Islands), Mauritius, Réunion)). This species is routinely used in the British Isles as an indicator when making ecological assessments, and specifically as an indicator of ecological continuity, particularly in the west of Ireland and the west of Scotland, and of oceanic and temperate rain forest.
Arthrinium fuckelii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Arthrinium fuckelii
, which occurs on dead leaves and sheaths. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (Russia (Russian Far East)), Europe (Austria, Germany, Hungary, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, UK)).
Arthrinium sphaerospermum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Arthrinium sphaerospermum
, which is most frequently encountered as a saprobe on decaying leaves and stems of plants, but is also known to live as an endophyte, for example in stems of
Eucalyptus
, and in the phyllosphere, for example of
Iris
. This fungus has also been reported as the cause of poisoning through contamination of sugarcane and the causal agent of a dermatomycosis in humans. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitat, dispersal and transmission, economic impacts (positive and negative), and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Ontario), Mexico, USA (Georgia, Iowa, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, South Carolina, Texas)), South America (Argentina, Uruguay), Asia (Armenia, China, India (Chhattisgarh, Meghalaya, Uttarakhand), Iran, Pakistan, Russia (Sakhalin Oblast), Uzbekistan), Europe (Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia (Leningrad Oblast), Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).
Arthrinium urticae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Arthrinium urticae
, which is usually observed on dead leaves and stems, and decomposed leaf litter, but has also been recorded as an endophyte. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitat, dispersal and transmission, economic impacts and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (India (Assam, Kerala), Turkey), Caribbean (Cuba), Europe (Belgium, Poland, UK)).
Bifusella saccata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Bifusella saccata
, usually found on dead leaves of various
Pinus
species. Some information on its morphological characteristics, associated organisms and substrata and interactions and habitats are given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Canada, USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico and Wyoming) and Mexico) and hosts (
Pinus albicaulis, P. balfouriana, P. cembroides, P. edulis, P. flexilis, P. monophylla
and
P. strobiformis
).
Lophodermium balaramii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Lophodermium balaramii
found on dead fallen leaves and petioles of
Rhododendron campanulatum
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (India (Himachal Pradesh)) and host (
R. campanulatum
).
Clonostachys candelabrum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Clonostachys candelabrum
, usually found on pine debris (typically dead, wet and blackened needles, twigs and cones attached to trash). Some information on its morphology, habitat, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Cote d'Ivoire, Kenya, South Africa, USA (District of Columbia, Louisiana, Maryland, New Jersey, Washington), Brazil (Pernambuco), Chile, Venezuela, India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh), Japan, Korea Republic, Syria, Thailand, Uzbekistan, Spain (Canary Islands), Australia (Australian Capital Territory), New Zealand, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Belarus, Belgium, Germany, Italy, France, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia (Leningrad Oblast, Samara Oblast, Tver Oblast), Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine and UK) and host (
Pinus sylvestris
).
Lemalis aurea
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Lemalis aurea
found on dead and decaying twigs and cones, attached to trash, or in the litter, usually of
Pinus
sp. Some information on its morphology, habitat, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Portugal (Madeira), Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Netherlands, Norway and UK) and hosts (
Pinus
spp.).
Propolis farinosa
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Propolis farinosa
found embedded in wood and cone scales of
Pinus sylvestris
. Some information on its morphology, habitat, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Algeria, Morocco, Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec), USA (California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virgina, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming), Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Greenland, Cyprus, Republic of Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan (Almaty Oblast, East Kazakhstan Oblast), Japan, Pakistan, Russia (Primorsky Krai), Turkey, Bermuda, Spain (Canary Islands), Australia (Western Australia), New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Corsica), Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irish Republic, Italy (Sardinia), Luxembourg, Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Krasnodarsky Krai, Leningrad Oblast, Npvgorod Oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Balearic Islands), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, USA (Hawaii)) and host (
P. sylvestris
).
Saccobolus beckii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Saccobolus beckii
. Almost all records of this species are on dung of herbivorous mammals, but it has also been recorded on pine bark in water cooling towers and, on that basis is sometimes included in discussions about freshwater aquatic fungi. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Morocco, South Africa), North America (USA (Utah)), South America (Argentina, Brazil (Goiás, Pernambuco), Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas, Peru), Asia (India (Tamil Nadu), Japan), Atlantic Ocean (Bermuda, Portugal (Azores), Spain (Canary Islands)), Australasia (Australia (Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia)), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus (e.g. as a recycler, as a source of useful products, as a provider of checks and balances within its ecosystem, etc.). Also, no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Saccobolus quadrisporus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Saccobolus quadrisporus
. All records of this species are on dung, most and possibly all on bird dung. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (Manitoba, Nunavut)), South America (Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas), Arctic Ocean (Greenland, Norway (Svalbard and Jan Mayen)), Europe (Belgium, Iceland, Russia (Archangel Oblast, Nenets Autonomous Okrug), UK)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus (e.g. as a recycler, as a source of useful products, as a provider of checks and balances within its ecosystem, etc.). Also, no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Thecotheus crustaceus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Thecotheus crustaceus
, which has been recorded on dung. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (Ontario, Yukon), USA (California, Michigan, New York, North Dakota, Tennessee)), South America (Argentina), Asia (Azerbaijan, Japan, Taiwan), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal (Azores), Spain (Canary Islands)), Australasia (New Zealand), Europe (Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Serbia, Sweden, UK)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus (e.g. as a recycler, as a source of useful products, as a provider of checks and balances within its ecosystem, etc.). Also, no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Thecotheus holmskjoldii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Thecotheus holmskjoldii
, which has been recorded on dung. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Algeria, Morocco), North America (Canada (British Columbia, Ontario), USA (California, Idaho, Indiana, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Utah)), South America (Chile), Asia (Armenia, Cyprus, Georgia, India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh), Israel, Tajikistan), Arctic Ocean (Greenland), Atlantic Ocean (Bermuda, Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands)), Australasia (New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Kursk Oblast), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus (e.g. as a recycler, as a source of useful products, as a provider of checks and balances within its ecosystem, etc.). Also, no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Hemitrichia serpula
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Kryvomaz T. I. , Michaud A. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Hemitrichia serpula
, a myxomycete which occurs on dead fallen leaves, petioles, spathes, bark, branches, logs, stumps, trunks, twigs, and decaying wood (including artefacts) of a wide range of plants. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, interactions and habitats, economic impacts, intraspecific variation, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (AFRICA: Algeria, Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mayotte, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe; NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Manitoba, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec), Mexico, USA (Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin); CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama; SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Goias, Distrito Federal, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe), Chile, Colombia, Ecuador (including Galapagos), French Guiana, Guyana, Uruguay, Venezuela; ASIA: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India (Assam, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal), Indonesia, Iran, Kazakhstan (Almaty, North Kazakhstan), Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua-New Guinea, Philippines, Russia (Altai Krai, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Irkutsk Oblast, Khabarovsky Krai, Primorsky Krai, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Tyumen Oblast), South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam; Atlantic OCEAN: Portugal (Azores); AUSTRALASIA: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia), New Zealand; CARIBBEAN: American Virgin Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, Trinidad and Tobago; EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Kirov Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Oryol Oblast, Pskov Oblast, Republic of Bashkortostan, Tver Oblast), Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK; Indian OCEAN: Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles; Pacific OCEAN: French Polynesia, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, USA (Hawaii)).
Urocystis bolivarii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Urocystis bolivarii
, which parasitizes living leaves and stems. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (China, Iran, Russia (Tyumen Oblast)), Australasia (Australia (South Australia, Western Australia), New Zealand), Europe (Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, UK)).
Cyberloma acerinae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cyberloma acerinae
, which infects fish of the families Atherinidae, Gobiidae and Percidae in Europe; infections developing in the host cytoplasm (but not in nerve tissues), without diplokarya, and resulting in tumours (also known as 'xenomas') in which the host nucleus is centrally located. Some information on its dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (Kazakhstan (Aktobe), Russia (Novosibirsk Oblast)) and Europe (Czech Republic, Finland, France, former Soviet Union, Ukraine)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this species (e.g. as a source of useful products, as a provider of checks and balances within its ecosystem, etc.), although Kvach et al. (2014) observed that it parasitizes some invasive fish, and so may have potential as part of an integrated biological control programme.
Cyberloma psittaci
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cyberloma psittaci
, which infects fish of the family Tetraodontidae in tropical South America; infections developing in the host cytoplasm (but not in nerve tissues), without diplokarya, and resulting in tumours (also known as 'xenomas') in which the host nucleus is centrally located. Some information on its dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (South America (Brazil (Para))).
Loma camerounensis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Loma camerounensis
, which infects freshwater fish of the family Cichlidae in tropical sub-Saharan Africa; infections developing in the host cytoplasm (but not in nerve tissues), without diplokarya, and resulting in tumours (also known as 'xenomas') in which the host nucleus is centrally located. Some information on its dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Cameroon)). There seem to be no evaluations of the economic impact of
L. camerounensis
: neither positive, for example as a potential biological control of an invasive, nor negative, for example as a possible cause of mortality in farmed fish.
Calloria urticae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Calloria urticae
. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA (Delaware, Georgia, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Utah, Wisconsin)) Asia, (Armenia, Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan (Almaty Oblast, East Kazakhstan), Russia (Altai Krai, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Primorsky Krai, Sakhalin Oblast)), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Arkhangelsk Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, Kursk Oblast, Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, Smolensk Oblast, Vladimir Oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).
Plagiosphaera immersa
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Plagiosphaera immersa
, which is known only from Europe and temperate North America; on dead herbaceous stems. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (Ontario, Prince Edward Island)) and Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, UK)).
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis
(Smith) Davis, Gillaspie, Vidaver & Harris. Hosts: tomato (
Lycopersicon esculentum
),
Solanum douglasii, Solanum nigrum, Solanum triflorum
. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, South Africa, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Asia, Armenia, China, Liaoning, India, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Iran, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Russia, Western Siberia, Turkey, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, Tasmania, Hawaii, New Zealand, Tonga, Europe, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Byelurussia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, European Russia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, England, Scotland, Channel Islands, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia, North America, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Nova Scotia, Mexico, USA, Central America & West Indies, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Panama, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Sao Paulo, Pernambuco, Chile, Colombia, Peru.
Nectria galligena
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Nectria galligena
Bresad. Hosts: apple (
Malus pumila
) and pear (
Pyrus communis
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, South Africa, Asia, Afghanistan, India, Himachal Pradesh, Indonesia, Java, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Korea (South), Lebanon, Syria, Taiwan, Australasia & Oceania, New Zealand, Europe, Austria, Belgium, Britain, Channel Islands, Northern Ireland, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Faroe Islands, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irish Republic, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR, Crimea, Estonia, Latvia, White Russia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Yugoslavia, North America, Canada, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Mexico, USA, California, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maine, Maryland, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Minnesota, South America, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay.
Rhabdocline pseudotsugae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Rhabdocline pseudotsugae
H. Sydow. Hosts: Douglas fir (
Pseudotsuga menziesii
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Irish Republic, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England, Scotland, Wales, Yugoslavia, North America, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Ontario, USA, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Massachusetts, Montana, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Washington, Wisconsin, New Hampshire.
Phytophthora megasperma
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Phytophthora megasperma
Drechsler. Hosts: general root pathogen. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia, India, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Japan, Philippines, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, NSWm Queensland, Tasmania, Western Australia, South Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Britain & Northetn Ireland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Poland, Yugoslavia, North America, Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, USA, South America, Argentina, Venezuela.
Mycosphaerella arachidis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Mycosphaerella arachidis
Deighton. Hosts: Groundnut (
Arachis hypogea
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Angola, Benin, Comoro Islands, Congo, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Asia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Yunnan, Kiangsu, Hong Kong, India, Laccadive islands, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Sabah, Nepal, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, Queensland, Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, North America, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Texas, Virginia, Central America & West Indies, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Salvador, South America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Colombia, Guyana, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela.
Botrytis allii
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Botrytis allii
Munn. Hosts: Onion (
Allium cepa
), leek (
Allium porrum
), shallot (
Allium ascalonicum
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Canary islands, Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Asia, Afghanistan, China, Henan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Vietnam, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, New Zealand, Europe, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, UK, USSR, Yugoslavia, North America, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Central America & West Indies, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Jamaica, Panama, Salavador, South America, Brazil, Chile, Venezuela.