bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corrigendum to: Evolution of non-fatal burden estimates for cardiovascular disease in Australia: a comparison of national and state-wide methodology of burden of disease
Authors: Weber Courtney , Hobday Michelle , Sun Wendy , Kirkland Laura , Nedkoff Lee , Katzenellenbogen Judith M.
Published: December 2022

Objective Burden of disease studies measure the impact of disease at the population level;however, methods and data sources for estimates of prevalence vary. Using a selection of cardiovascular diseases, we aimed to describe the implications of using different disease models and linked administrative data on prevalence estimation within three Australian burden of disease studies. Methods Three different methods (A = 2011 Australian Burden of Disease Study; B = 2015 Australian Burden of Disease Study; C = 2015 Western Australian Burden of Disease Study), which used linked data, were used to compare prevalence estimates of stroke, aortic aneurysm, rheumatic valvular heart disease (VHD) and non-rheumatic VHD. We applied these methods to 2015 Western Australian data, and calculated crude overall and age-specific prevalence for each condition. Results Overall, Method C produced estimates of cardiovascular prevalence that were lower than the other methods, excluding non-rheumatic VHD. Prevalence of acute and chronic stroke was up to one-third higher in Method A and B compared to Method C. Aortic aneurysms had the largest change in prevalence, with Method A producing an eight-fold higher estimate compared to Method C, but Method B was 10–20% lower. Estimates of VHD varied dramatically, with an up to six-fold change in prevalence in Method C due to substantial changes to disease models and the use of linked data. Conclusions Prevalence estimates require the best available data sources, updated disease models and constant review to inform government policy and health reform. Availability of nation-wide linked data will markedly improve future burden estimates.
Impact of dam construction on precipitation: a regional perspective
Authors: Zhu Xiaolei , Xu Ziyi , Liu Zhixin , Liu Mingzhe , Yin Zhengtong , Yin Lirong , Zheng Wenfeng
Published: December 2022

Context Numerous dams have been built in China to develop hydropower, a sustainable and clean energy source. In recent years, the impact of dam construction on the regional climate has gradually attracted the attention of researchers. Aims This study has evaluated the impact of large-scale dam construction on regional precipitation. Methods This paper used the precipitation data of more than 2400 national stations of the China National Meteorological Information Center from 1990 to 2012. The regional precipitation data before and after the construction of the Xiaolangdi Dam and the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River were analysed using geostatistical tools. Wavelet transform and Yamamoto signal-to-noise ratio analysis were further adopted. Key results Analysis of the variation points of precipitation characteristics confirmed the correlation between dam construction and regional precipitation; the precipitation values in the two dam study areas had an increasing trend after the completion of the dams, and the fitting trend line showed an obvious increasing trend. Conclusions According to the analysis of precipitation variation points, it can be concluded that the establishment of the dam affected the precipitation in the area of ∼200 km upstream and increased the precipitation value in this area. The study showed that dam construction has a strong correlation with regional precipitation. Implications It is speculated that the construction of super dams will have a greater impact on precipitation.
Deep peat fire persistently smouldering for weeks: a laboratory demonstration
Authors: Qin Yunzhu , Musa Dayang Nur Sakinah , Lin Shaorun , Huang Xinyan
Published: December 2022

Background Peatlands are becoming more vulnerable to smouldering fires, driven by climate change and human activities. Aims This work explores the persistent burning, propagation, and emission of the deep peat fire. Methods Laboratory experiments are conducted with a 1-m deep peat column, and smouldering fires are initiated at different depths. Key results We found localised burning and multi-directional smouldering fire spread in deep peat layers. The smouldering temperature first decreases with depths up to −40 cm (from around 550 to 350°C) and then remains at about 300°C in the deeper layers. High moisture content can slow down in-depth fire propagation and reduce the burning duration. Conclusions Peat fire can burn in deep layers for weeks, and its combustion is incomplete with small mass loss, because of a limited oxygen supply and low smouldering temperature. Measuring the carbon monoxide concentration near the surface can detect underground fire and monitor its intensity. Implications This work helps reveal the underlying mechanism of the in-depth smouldering wildfires in peatland and supports future larger-scale peat fire experiments in the field.
Septins mediate a microtubule–actin crosstalk that enables actin growth on microtubules
Authors: Nakos Konstantinos , Alam Md Noor A. , Radler Megan R. , Kesisova Ilona A. , Yang Changsong , Okletey Joshua , Tomasso Meagan R. , Padrick Shae B. , Svitkina Tatyana M. , Spiliotis Elias T.
Published: December 2022

Cellular morphogenesis and processes such as cell division and migration require the coordination of the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons. Microtubule–actin crosstalk is poorly understood and largely regarded as the capture and regulation of microtubules by actin. Septins are filamentous guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) binding proteins, which comprise the fourth component of the cytoskeleton along microtubules, actin, and intermediate filaments. Here, we report that septins mediate microtubule–actin crosstalk by coupling actin polymerization to microtubule lattices. Superresolution and platinum replica electron microscopy (PREM) show that septins localize to overlapping microtubules and actin filaments in the growth cones of neurons and non-neuronal cells. We demonstrate that recombinant septin complexes directly crosslink microtubules and actin filaments into hybrid bundles. In vitro reconstitution assays reveal that microtubule-bound septins capture and align stable actin filaments with microtubules. Strikingly, septins enable the capture and polymerization of growing actin filaments on microtubule lattices. In neuronal growth cones, septins are required for the maintenance of the peripheral actin network that fans out from microtubules. These findings show that septins directly mediate microtubule interactions with actin filaments, and reveal a mechanism of microtubule-templated actin growth with broader significance for the self-organization of the cytoskeleton and cellular morphogenesis.
Bioengineered peptibodies as blockers of ion channels
Authors: Chidipi Bojjibabu , Chang Mengmeng , Cui Meng , Abou-Assali Obada , Reiser Michelle , Pshenychnyi Sergii , Logothetis Diomedes E. , Teng Michael N. , Noujaim Sami F.
Published: December 2022

We engineered and produced an ion channel blocking peptibody, that targets the acetylcholine-activated inwardly rectifying potassium current (IKACh). Peptibodies are chimeric proteins generated by fusing a biologically active peptide with the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG). The IKAChblocking peptibody was engineered as a fusion between the human IgG1 Fc fragment and the IKAChinhibitor tertiapinQ (TP), a 21-amino acid synthetic peptidotoxin, originally isolated from the European honey bee venom. The peptibody was purified from the culture supernatant of human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells transfected with the peptibody construct. We tested the hypothesis that the bioengineered peptibody is bioactive and a potent blocker of IKACh. In HEK cells transfected with Kir3.1 and Kir3.4, the molecular correlates of IKACh, patch clamp showed that the peptibody was ~300-fold more potent than TP. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the increased potency could be due to an increased stabilization of the complex formed by peptibody-Kir3.1/3.4 channels compared to tertiapin-Kir3.1/3.4 channels. In isolated mouse myocytes, the peptibody blocked carbachol (Cch)-activated IKAChin atrial cells but did not affect the potassium inwardly rectifying background current in ventricular myocytes. In anesthetized mice, the peptibody abrogated the bradycardic effects of intraperitoneal Cch injection. Moreover, in aged mice, the peptibody reduced the inducibility of atrial fibrillation, likely via blocking constitutively active IKACh. Bioengineered anti-ion channel peptibodies can be powerful and highly potent ion channel blockers, with the potential to guide the development of modulators of ion channels or antiarrhythmic modalities.
Benzodithiophene unit copolymerization to improve the stability of thiophene-based organic solar cells
Authors: Saito Hiroki , Uchiyama Takayuki , Okada-Shudo Yoshiko , Mammo Wendimagegne , Krüger Tjaart P J , Vohra Varun , Tegegne Newayemedhin A
Published: December 2022

With the increasing performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), the design of stable donor materials is of paramount importance. In this work, we synthesised a simple alternating copolymer with thiophene and BDT (P3T-BDT) units to understand the impact of incorporation of BDT on the thermal stability of the commonly used thiophene-based OSCs. OSCs fabricated with P3T-BDT:PC71BM and P3HT:PC71BM with 1:4 ratios displayed a different degradation kinetics despite their similar initial power conversion efficiency (PCE). The PCE of P3HT-based device degraded by half while the P3T-BDT-based device lost only 15% of its initial PCE after thermally being degraded at 85 ∘C for 48 h mainly due to the decrease in J

s
c

. Thermally-induced degradation of P3HT caused chain breakage while the P3T-BDT remained intact. The surface morphology of P3HT:PC71BM film exhibited a large increase in roughness in the first few hours leading to a loss of more 40% of its initial PCE while the P3T-BDT based OSC had a similar roughness throughout the accelerated ageing. This is also confirmed by the growth of the PL intensity of P3HT:PC71BM while P3T-BDT:PC71BM remained the same confirming a suppression of demixing of the donor and acceptor in the latter. In summary, the addition a BDT unit in the thiophene-based homopolymer was found to improve the thermal stability thiophene-based OSCs.
Topological properties of Xene tuned by perpendicular electric field and exchange field in the presence of Rashba spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Zhao Xiangyang , Wang Zongtan , Chen Jiapeng , Wang Biao
Published: December 2022

Xene (X=Si, Ge, Sn) is a typical and promising two-dimensional topological insulator with many novel topological properties. Here, we investigate the topological properties of Xene tuned by a perpendicularly applied electric field, exchange field, and Rashba spin–orbit coupling (RSOC) using the tight-binding (TB) method. We show that in the presence of RSOC, the system can be converted from a quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulator into a conventional band insulator (BI) by a weak perpendicular electric field or into a quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator by a weak exchange field. Additionally, a suitable combination of electric and exchange fields can give rise to a valley-polarized metallic (VPM) state. Furthermore, we explore the competition between the electric field and exchange field in tuning the topological states owing to the Rashba coupling effect. When the electric field is stronger than the exchange field, the system tends to be in a topologically trivial BI state; otherwise, it will be a QAH insulator. More intriguingly, for a fixed exchange field and RSOC, as the perpendicular electric field increase continuously from zero, the system undergoes multiphase (e.g. QSH-VPM-BI) transitions. This paves the way for designing multiphase transition devices through external single-field regulation.
Nernst response, viscosity and mobile entropy in vortex liquids
Authors: Behnia Kamran
Published: December 2022

In a liquid of superconducting vortices, a longitudinal thermal gradient generates a transverse electric field. This Nernst signal peaks at an intermediate temperature and magnetic field, presumably where the entropy difference between the vortex core and the superfluid environment is largest. There is a puzzling similarity of the amplitude of this peak across many different superconductors. This peak can be assimilated to a minimum in the viscosity to entropy density ratio of the vortex liquid. Expressed in units of

ℏ

k

B

, this minimum is one order of magnitude larger than what is seen in common liquids. Moreover, the entropy stocked in the vortex core is not identical to the entropy bound to a moving magnetic flux line. Due to a steady exchange of normal quasi-particles, entropy can leak from the vortex core. A slowly moving vortex will be peeled off its entropy within a distance of the order of a superconducting coherence length, provided that the

Δ

E

F

ratio is sufficiently large.
Temporally and spatially resolved micro-rheometry of a transient viscous polymer formation
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Madsen Emilee A , Linnes Jacqueline C , Wereley Steven T
Published: December 2022

Real-time viscosity measurement techniques have been used to analyze the transition of hydrogels from a liquid state to a gel state. As viscosity is inversely proportional to diffusion coefficient, measuring real-time changes in viscosity can be done through passive rheometry with the addition of tracer particles. Particle diffusometry (PD) quantifies Brownian motion of sub-micron sized fluorescent particles by computing diffusion coefficients via statistical averaging. Herein, we demonstrate a method to study changes in diffusion coefficient as a function of time using PD for a temporally and spatially resolved rheometry measurement technique. We refined the PD algorithm using synthetic images of particles suspended in a liquid undergoing a sigmoidally decreasing diffusion trend to simulate the viscosity change of the solution during gelation. Then, the technique is applied to visualize the temporal and spatial gradients of diffusion coefficient during polyacrylamide hydrogel formation experiments. This work establishes the groundwork for quantifying over time changes in Brownian motion.
Large-bias spectroscopy of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in a double quantum dot
Authors: Potts Heidi , Aspegren Markus , Debbarma Rousan , Lehmann Sebastian , Thelander Claes
Published: December 2022

We have performed tunnel transport spectroscopy on a quantum dot (QD) molecule proximitized by a superconducting contact. In such a system, the scattering between QD spins and Bogoliubov quasiparticles leads to the formation of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states within the superconducting gap. In this work, we investigate interactions appearing when one- and two-electron spin states in a double-QD energetically align with the superconducting gap edge. We find that the inter-dot spin-triplet state interacts considerably stronger with the superconductor than the corresponding singlet, pointing to stronger screening. By forming a ring molecule with a significant orbital contribution to the effective g-factor, we observe interactions of all four spin-orbital one-electron states with the superconductor under a weak magnetic field.
Probing the optical near-field of plasmonic nano structure using scanning thermal microscopy
Authors: Nam Kiin , Kim Hyuntae , Park Woongkyu , Ahn Jae Sung , Choi Soobong
Published: December 2022

Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) enables to obtain thermal characteristic information such as temperature and thermal conductivity from the signals obtained by scanning a thermometer probe over a sample surface. Particularly, the precise control of the thermometer probe makes it possible to study near-field radiative heat transfer by measuring the near-field thermal energy, which implies that when light is used as a local heat source, photothermal energy can be detected from the optical near-field by approaching the probe in the near-field region. In this study, SThM is applied to generate sub-wavelength near-field optical image in the plasmonic grating coupler. Herein, by controlling the surface plasmon polariton generation, we show that the dominant component of SThM signal is from the optical response rather than the thermal response. The obtained near-field optical images have a spatial resolution of 40 nm and signal to noise ratio of up to 19.8. In addition, field propagation images in the Z-direction can be visualised with the precise control of the distance between the thermometer probe and the sample
A simple method for the preparation of CeO2 with high antioxidant activity and wide application range
Authors: Li Dongxiao , Guo Zhimin , Zhao Ruihuan , Yin Nan , Xu Qingling , Yao Xin
Published: December 2022

Cerium oxide (CeO2) is a well-known antioxidant with the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species due to its unique electronic structure and chemical properties. Although many methods to enhance the antioxidant activity of CeO2 have been reported, its antioxidant activity is still not high enough, and some enhancement effects are limited by the material concentration. There are also some CeO2 obtained with high antioxidant activity at high concentrations, which is not conducive to the application of biomedicine. Therefore, it is urgent to obtain CeO2 material with low cell cytotoxicity, high antioxidant activity and wide application range. In this work, rod-like metal organic framework derived CeO2 (CeO2-MOF) was prepared by a simple method. Compared with the CeO2 nanorods prepared by hydrothermal method, it shows better antioxidant activity compared with the CeO2 nanorods prepared by hydrothermal method. Moreover, the advantage of CeO2-MOF’s antioxidant activity is not affected by the hydroxyl radical and material concentrations The reason why CeO2-MOF has higher antioxidant activity should be attributed to its higher Ce3+ content and larger specific surface area. In addition, CeO2-MOF also exhibits low cytotoxicity to HeLa cells and PC12 cells in vitro. The strategy of using MOF as a structural and compositional material to create CeO2 provides a new method to explore highly efficient and biocompatible CeO2 for practical applications.
A high-resolution pediatric female whole-body numerical model with comparison to a male model
Authors: Ntolkeras Georgios , Jeong Hongbae , Zöllei Lilla , Dmytriw Adam A , Purvaziri Ali , Lev Michael H , Grant P Ellen , Bonmassar Giorgio
Published: December 2022

Objective. Numerical models are central in designing and testing novel medical devices and in studying how different anatomical changes may affect physiology. Despite the numerous adult models available, there are only a few whole-body pediatric numerical models with significant limitations. In addition, there is a limited representation of both male and female biological sexes in the available pediatric models despite the fact that sex significantly affects body development, especially in a highly dynamic population. As a result, we developed Athena, a realistic female whole-body pediatric numerical model with high-resolution and anatomical detail. Approach. We segmented different body tissues through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) images of a healthy 3.5 year-old female child using 3D Slicer. We validated the high anatomical accuracy segmentation through two experienced sub-specialty-certified neuro-radiologists and the inter and intra-operator variability of the segmentation results comparing sex differences in organ metrics with physiologic values. Finally, we compared Athena with Martin, a similar male model, showing differences in anatomy, organ metrics, and MRI dosimetric exposure. Main results. We segmented 267 tissue compartments, which included 50 brain tissue labels. The tissue metrics of Athena displayed no deviation from the literature value of healthy children. We show the variability of brain metrics in the male and female models. Finally, we offer an example of computing Specific Absorption Rate and Joule heating in a toddler/preschooler at 7 T MRI. Significance. This study introduces a female realistic high-resolution numerical model using MRI and CT scans of a 3.5 year-old female child, the use of which includes but is not limited to radiofrequency safety studies for medical devices (e.g. an implantable medical device safety in MRI), neurostimulation studies, and radiation dosimetry studies. This model will be open source and available on the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging website.
Noninvasive ultrasound assessment of tissue internal pressure using dual mode elasticity imaging: a phantom study
Authors: Liu Jingfei , Yoon Heechul , Emelianov Stanislav Y
Published: December 2022

Objective. Tissue internal pressure, such as interstitial fluid pressure in solid tumors and intramuscular pressure in compartment syndrome, is closely related to the pathological state of tissues. It is of great diagnostic value to measure and/or monitor the internal pressure of targeted tissues. Because most of the current methods for measuring tissue pressure are invasive, noninvasive methods are highly desired. In this study, we developed a noninvasive method for qualitative assessment of tissue internal pressure based on a combination of two ultrasound elasticity imaging methods: strain imaging and shear wave elasticity imaging. Approach. The method was verified through experimental investigation using two tissue-mimicking phantoms each having an inclusion confined by a membrane, in which hydrostatic pressures can be applied and maintained. To examine the sensitivity of the elasticity imaging methods to pressure variation, strain ratio and shear modulus ratio (SMR) between the inclusion and background of phantom were obtained. Main results. The results first experimentally prove that pressure, in addition to elasticity, is a contrast mechanism of strain imaging, and further demonstrate that a comparative analysis of strain ratio and SMR is an effective method for noninvasive tissue internal pressure detection. Significance. This work provides a new perspective in interpreting the strain ratio data in medical diagnosis, and it also provides a noninvasive alternative for assessing tissue internal pressure, which could be valuable for the diagnosis of pressure-related diseases.
A 2D dynamic model for the impact of time-dependent low-mode drive asymmetries on the shell asymmetries during acceleration phases of ICF implosions
Authors: Li Chuanying , Gu Jianfa , Kang Dongguo , Ge Fengjun , Zou Shiyang
Published: December 2022

Low-mode drive asymmetries are known as significant performance degradation factors in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions. We propose a two-dimensional (2D) dynamic model to explore the impact of time-dependent low-mode drive asymmetries on the shell asymmetries in acceleration phases of implosions. Since during acceleration, the shell areal density (

ρ

R

s

) asymmetries are relatively small, we can treat the shell as thin shell pieces with finite mass and infinitesimally small thicknesses, neglecting the angular flows between these pieces. The radial motion of each shell piece is dominated by Newton’s law. Through this model, the evolution of the shell radial velocity

v

s

and the shell radius

R

s

asymmetries of degree n can be characterized in terms of the drive temperature, time-dependent drive asymmetry of degree n and the average

ρ

R

s

,

v

s

,

R

s

obtained from one-dimensional (1D) simulations. The acceleration phases of typical gas-fill capsule and layered DT capsule implosions with P
2 or P
4 drive asymmetries are explored using this model and validated using both 2D radiation hydrodynamic simulations and available backlit shell distortion measurements. This model gives a useful tool for ICF design, with an advantage of simplicity and speed.
On the positive and negative damping effect of piezoelectric structure using switched-mode bidirectional energy conversion circuit
Authors: Zhao Bao , Liu Shiyi , Liao Wei-Hsin , Liang Junrui
Published: December 2022

The introduction of a switched-mode bidirectional energy conversion circuit (BECC) facilitates the development of piezoelectric devices toward integrated and energy-efficient multi-functional designs. These new designs realize the organic combinations of two or more functions among energy harvesting (EH), vibration excitation (VE), and dynamic sensing. Yet, the structural effect after applying the BECC was not comprehensively investigated and strictly quantified. This letter analyzes the electromechanical joint dynamics of a piezoelectric structure using the BECC, which was developed after the synchronized triple bias-flip (S3BF) technique, under different EH and VE operation modes. It shows that the EH modes electrically induce an extra positive damping effect, while the VE modes induce a negative one. A lumped model and impedance analysis are used to evaluate the electrically induced damping and the energy conversion efficiency by the BECC. The closed-form expression of the vibration displacement under different operation modes is derived. Experiments are carried out under different operation modes and frequencies. The theoretical and experimental results show good agreement. They validate the damping tuning capability of BECC in either positive or negative damping directions. This switched-mode interface circuit offers a promising solution for building an adaptive dynamic control of piezoelectric structures with high energy efficiency.
Witnessing non-Markovianity by quantum quasi-probability distributions
Authors: Richter Moritz F , Wiedenmann Raphael , Breuer Heinz-Peter
Published: December 2022

We employ frames consisting of rank-one projectors (i.e. pure quantum states) and their induced informationally complete quantum measurements to represent generally mixed quantum states by quasi-probability distributions. In the case of discrete frames on finite dimensional systems this results in a vector like representation by quasi-probability vectors, while for the continuous frame of coherent states in continuous variable (CV) systems the approach directly leads to the celebrated representation by Glauber–Sudarshan P-functions and Husimi Q-functions. We explain that the Kolmogorov distances between these quasi-probability distributions lead to upper and lower bounds of the trace distance which measures the distinguishability of quantum states. We apply these results to the dynamics of open quantum systems and construct a non-Markovianity witness based on the Kolmogorov distance of the P- and Q-functions. By means of several examples we discuss the performance of this witness and demonstrate that it is useful in the regime of high entropy states for which a direct evaluation of the trace distance is typically very demanding. For Gaussian dynamics in CV systems we even find a suitable non-Markovianity measure based on the Kolmogorov distance between the P-functions which can alternatively be used as a witness for non-Gaussianity.
Momentum transfer in the dark sector and lensing convergence in upcoming galaxy surveys
Authors: Cardona Wilmar , Figueruelo David
Published: December 2022

We investigated a cosmological model that allows a momentum transfer between dark matter
and dark energy. The interaction in the dark sector mainly affects the behaviour of perturbations
on small scales while the background evolution matches the wCDM solution. As a result of the
momentum transfer, these kinds of models help alleviating the σ
8 discrepancy in the
standard model, but do not resolve the so-called H
0 tension. We confirm that this is indeed the
case by computing cosmological constraints. While our analysis tends to favour σ
8 values
lower than in ΛCDM, we do not find evidence for a non-vanishing momentum transfer in the
dark sector. Since upcoming galaxy surveys will deliver information on scales and red-shift
relevant for testing models allowing momentum transfer in the dark sector, we also carried out
forecasts using different survey configurations. We assessed the relevance of neglecting lensing
convergence κ when modelling the angular power spectrum of number counts fluctuations 
C
ℓ
ij(z,z'). We found that not including κ in analyses leads to biased
constraints (≈ 1-5σ) of cosmological parameters even when including information
from other experiments. Incorrectly modelling C
ℓ
ij(z,z') might lead to spurious
detection of neutrino masses and exacerbate discrepancies in H
0 and σ
8.
Joule-Thomson expansion of charged dilatonic black holes*
Authors: Zhang Meng-Yao , Chen Hao , Hassanabadi Hassan , Long Zheng-Wen , Yang Hui
Published: December 2022

Based on the Einstein-Maxwell theory, the Joule-Thomson (J-T) expansion of charged dilatonic black holes (the solutions are neither flat nor AdS) in

-dimensional spacetime is studied herein. To this end, we analyze the effects of the dimension n and dilaton field α on J-T expansion. An explicit expression for the J-T coefficient is derived, and consequently, a negative heat capacity is found to lead to a cooling process. In contrast to its effect on the dimension, the inversion curve decreases with charge Q at low pressures, whereas the opposite effect is observed at high pressures. We can observe that with an increase in the dimension n or parameter α, both the pressure cut-off point and the minimum inversion temperature

change. Moreover, we analyze the ratio

numerically and discover that the ratio is independent of charge; however, it depends on the dilaton field and dimension: for

and

, the ratio is 1/2. The dilaton field is found to enhance the ratio. In addition, we identify the cooling-heating regions by investigating the inversion and isenthalpic curves, and the behavior of the minimum inversion mass

indicates that this cooling-heating transition may not occur under certain special conditions.
Explanation of Y(4630) as a hadronic resonant state*
Authors: Mei Xiao-Hui , Yu Zhuo , Song Mao , Guo Jian-You , Li Gang , Luo Xuan
Published: December 2022

Theorists have given various explanations for the discovery of Y(4630). We find that if Y(4630) is interpreted as the D-wave resonant state of the

system, the particle mass, decay width, and all quantum numbers are consistent with experimental observations. We use the Bonn approximation to obtain the interaction potential of the one boson exchange model. Then, we extend the complex scaling method to calculate the bound and resonant states. The results indicate that the

system can form not only the bound state of the S wave but also the resonant state of the high angular momentum, and the

wave resonant state can explain the structure of Y(4630) very well.
Disambiguation of the Boltzmann–Gibbs–Shannon entropy in systems with continuous states
Authors: Ramshaw John D
Published: December 2022

The Boltzmann–Gibbs–Shannon entropy S

d
of a system with discrete states i is straightforward and well established, but its proper generalization to systems with continuous states x is problematical. The generally accepted expression S = −∫dx
ρ(x)log[ρ(x)/m(x)] exhibits anomalous behavior when the probability density ρ(x) varies significantly over volumes of order v(x) = 1/m(x), and diverges when ρ(x) is singular. The traditional remedy for these deficiencies has been coarse graining (CG) over small discrete cells in x-space, but such procedures are ad hoc, arbitrary, subjective, and ultimately ambiguous. Here we propose an alternative procedure in which CG is replaced by an integral transform of ρ(x) that represents the statistical accuracy to which the value of x can be resolved or determined. The resulting unambiguous expression for S preserves the essential properties of S

d
for arbitrary ρ(x), including the singular ρ(x) that occur in nonequilibrium steady states.
Entropy production and its large deviations in an active lattice gas
Authors: Agranov Tal , Cates Michael E , Jack Robert L
Published: December 2022

Active systems are characterized by a continuous production of entropy at steady state. We study the statistics of entropy production within a lattice-based model of interacting active particles that is capable of motility-induced phase separation. Exploiting a recent formulation of the exact fluctuating hydrodynamics for this model, we provide analytical results for its entropy production statistics in both typical and atypical (biased) regimes. This complements previous studies of the large deviation statistics of entropy production in off-lattice active particle models that could only be addressed numerically. Our analysis uncovers an unexpectedly intricate phase diagram, with five different phases arising (under bias) within the parameter regime where the unbiased system is in its homogeneous state. Notably, we find the concurrence of first order and second order nonequilibrium phase transition curves at a bias-induced tricritical point, a feature not yet reported in previous studies of active systems.
Thermal resonance in harmonically driven segmented Frenkel–Kontorova lattices with next-nearest-neighbor interactions
Authors: Romero-Bastida M , Martínez-Rosas Ana Gabriela
Published: December 2022

Problems of heat transport are ubiquitous to various technologies such as power generation, cooling, electronics, and thermoelectrics. Within this context it is natural that external heat flux control on nanoscale devices became an appealing strategy that has been explored in recent years. In this work we study the thermal resonance phenomenon, i.e. the maximum heat flux obtained by means of an external periodic driving, of a one-dimensional system composed of two dissimilar Frenkel–Kontorova lattices with both nearest-neighbor (NN) and next-NN (NNN) interactions connected by time-modulated NN and NNN couplings in contact with two heat reservoirs operating at different temperature. We study the effect of the NNN interactions on the various heat transport regimes afforded by the structural modifications that can be made on the model. The dependence of the thermal resonance on the system size is studied as well. Our results show that, despite the increased connectivity of both sides afforded by the NNN interactions, the overlap of the phonon bands of both parts of the system still determines the frequency range wherewith thermal resonance emerges.
Improved Resistive Plate Chambers for the upgrade of the CMS muon detector
Authors: Samalan A.
Published: December 2022

Several upgrades of the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment are currently being implemented to ensure a highly performing muon system during the upcoming High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider which will have an increased integrated luminosity of 3000 fb−1. The expected experimental conditions in that period present a challenge for the entire CMS detection system. To extend the RPC coverage, an improved version of the already existing RPCs will be installed in the forward region of the 3rd and 4th endcap disks. The current overall status of this CMS RPC upgrade project is presented.
Material budget imaging with multi-GeV electrons - calibration and applications for 2D material scanning
Authors: Arling Jan-Hendrik , Gregor Ingrid-Maria
Published: December 2022

The technique of material budget imaging (MBI) uses multi-GeV electrons to directly measure the material budget ϵ = x/X
0 of a material with thickness x and its radiation length X
0. The beam particles are deflected by multiple Coulomb scattering and the deflection angle distribution is centered at zero with a width depending on the traversed material. Hence, a reconstruction of kink angles using individual electron trajectories measured in high resolution beam telescopes allows to estimate the material budget by applying appropiate models of multiple scattering theory, such as the Highland formula. Measurements at the DESY II testbeam were performed with various materials in terms of thickness and type for a calibration of the MBI technique. The material budget is an important quantity for the design of high-energy particle detectors. Therefore, the material budget of unknown materials can be experimentally measured as well as complex material distributions can be imaged in 2D.
Luminosity and beam-induced background measurement with the CMS Tracker Endcap Pixel Detector at HL-LHC
Authors: Haranko Mykyta
Published: December 2022

The High-Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) places unprecedented requirements for background monitoring and luminosity measurements. The CMS Tracker Endcap Pixel Detector (TEPX) will be adapted to provide high-precision online measurements of bunch-by-bunch luminosity and beam-induced background. The implementation of dedicated triggering and readout systems, the real-time clustering algorithm on an FPGA and the expected performance are discussed.
Optimisation of the CMS ECAL clustering algorithms in view of LHC-Run 3
Authors: Lyon Anne-Mazarine
Published: December 2022

The Run 3 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be characterised by an enhanced level of noise in the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL), caused by the ageing of the photosensors and the loss of crystal transparency due to radiation damage. To face these new conditions, some parameters of the clustering algorithms of the ECAL, namely the Particle-Flow Clustering and SuperClustering algorithms, are tuned to offer optimal performance in terms of signal preservation and noise and pile-up rejection. The methods used for the tuning as well as its performance are presented.
The SuperFGD prototype PID beam tests results
Authors: Jesús-Valls César
Published: December 2022

The near detector ND280 of the T2K experiment will be upgraded in 2022 with the aim of measuring precisely CP violation in neutrinos. The ND280 upgrade consists of the installation of 3 new sub-detector types including SuperFGD, a novel neutrino active target concept. SuperFGD (Super-Fine-Grained-Detector) will have 2 million 1 × 1 × 1cm3 plastic scintillator cubes forming a cube array of 184 × 56 × 192 cm3. Each of the cubes will be intersected by 3 orthogonal WLS fibers with an MPPC on one end. Thanks to its super-fine segmentation, high light yield, and excellent time resolution, great particle identification (PID) capabilities are expected. Since 2018, a set of prototypes have been exposed to particle beams (charged tracks and neutrons) to test this concept. Here the results concerning the particle identification (PID) capabilities using the last prototype are presented.
RPCs for the SND Muon System of the SHiP experiment
Authors: Congedo Liliana
Published: December 2022

SHiP (Search for Hidden Particles) is a proposed beam dump experiment at CERN SPS, with the aim of exploring the so-called Hidden Sector. Since a large neutrino flux is expected to be produced at the beam dump, the experiment could also allow for the study of neutrino physics with unprecedented statistics. A dedicated Scattering and Neutrino Detector (SND), equipped with a downstream Muon Identification System, is thus being designed. The SND muon detector consists of iron filters interleaved with tracking planes, based on RPC technology. Each muon plane has an active area of about (2 x 4) m2 and consists of three large gaps read out by two panels of perpendicular strips. The SHiP RPCs have to provide a uniform spatial response as well as high efficiency. The design of the SND muon system is presented and the performance of a SHiP RPC prototype is discussed.
Laser spectroscopic studies of long-lived pionic helium at PSI
Authors: Hori M. , Aghai-Khozani H. , Sótér A. , Dax A. , Barna D.
Published: December 2022

A recent laser spectroscopy experiment of three-body pionic helium atoms which was carried out using the 590 MeV ring cyclotron facility of the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) is briefly reviewed. The charged pion mass may be precisely determined by measuring the transition frequency of the pionic atom and comparing the results with quantum electrodynamics (QED) calculations. The experimental methods used to detect the atomic resonance are described.
Quality Inspection Aspects of Hybrid Prototypes for the CMS Outer Tracker Upgrade at HL-LHC
Authors: La Rosa A , Ahmed I , Almeida J , Blanchot G , Cooperstein S , Dominguez I , Honma A , Kovacs M , Zografos A
Published: December 2022

At the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the CMS experiment will need to operate at up to 200 interactions per 25 ns beam crossing time and with up to 4000 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. To achieve the physics goals the experiment needs to improve the tracking resolution and the ability to selectively trigger on specific physics events. The CMS tracker upgrade requires designing a new detector to cope with the HL-LHC conditions. The new Outer Tracker is based on two types of silicon modules (strip-strip and pixel-strip). Each module type has a few types of high-density interconnect hybrid circuits which house the front-end and auxiliary electronics. This paper introduces the technological choices for modules and hybrids and presents the quality inspection aspects of the first hybrid prototypes.
ALICE ITS upgrade for LHC Run 3: commissioning in the laboratory
Authors: Colella Domenico
Published: December 2022

ALICE is the CERN LHC experiment optimised for the study of the strongly interacting matter produced in heavy-ion collisions and devoted to the characterisation of the quark-gluon plasma. To achieve the physics program for LHC Run 3, a major upgrade of the experimental apparatus is ongoing. A key element of the upgrade is the substitution of the Inner Tracking System (ITS) with a completely new silicon-based detector whose features will allow the reconstruction of rare physics channels, not accessible with the previous layout. The enabling technology for such a performance boost is the adoption of custom-designed CMOS MAPS as detecting elements. The installation of the detector in the ALICE cavern is completed and few months of commissioning will allow the final integration into the central systems. In this talk, an overview of the adopted technologies as well as the status of the detector commissioning will be given.
Certification of a new generation of Resistive Plate Chambers for the Phase-1 BIS78 upgrade of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer
Authors: Proto Giorgia
Published: December 2022

In preparation for the coming years of LHC running at higher luminosity, two upgrade projects of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer have been developed: the New Small Wheel project, improving the trigger in the end-cap regions, and the BIS78 project, dedicated to the transition region between the barrel and the endcaps (1< |η| <1.3). The BIS78 project will add 32 RPC triplets on the edges of the inner barrel sectors where the ATLAS toroid is present. These new generation of RPCs are characterized by thinner gas gaps (1 mm vs 2 mm of the legacy RPCs) as well as thinner resistive electrodes, together with a new high gain front-end electronics operating at lower voltage. Sixteen BIS78 stations have been already installed in the ATLAS Muon spectrometer between 2020 and 2021 and are being commissioned during this year. The status of the project, the status of the commissioning as well as the overall performances of the installed RPCs will be presented.
Novel photon timing techniques applied to the LHCb RICH upgrade programme
Authors: Keizer Floris
Published: December 2022

The Ring-Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detectors at LHCb have an intrinsic time resolution of better than 10 ps owing to the prompt Cherenkov radiation and focusing mirrors optics. While only spatial information has been used in the experiment to date, the addition of photon time information is one of the cornerstones of the future RICH upgrade programme. The novel timing techniques provide a powerful tool for background suppression and particle ID performance improvements. Here, developments to implement fast-timing in the front-end electronics are presented.
The upgraded electronics of the Pierre Auger surface detector
Authors: Convenga Fabio
Published: December 2022

The surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory are being upgraded by adding new detectors and replacing electronics.

The upgrade project, called “AugerPrime,” includes the addition of a small PMT to increase the dynamic range of particle counting, a plastic scintillator above each water-Cherenkov detector to improve the discrimination between the electromagnetic and muonic shower components, a radio detector to measure radio emission from inclined air showers, and a set of underground muon counters to provide additional information on muon content in atmospheric showers.

The new electronics, dubbed Upgraded Unified Board (UUB), is designed to acquire all of these additional detectors and includes improved GPS receiver, higher sampling rate, increased dynamic range, greater processing capacity, and improved calibration and monitoring systems. In the following, we will describe the UUB design and discuss its performance as observed in the first data from the upgraded array.
A Low Noise Readout System for Diamond Microstrip Detectors
Authors: Luo Laifu , Shen Zhongtao , Yu Hanlin , Zhang Jianyong , Liu Shubin
Published: December 2022

Diamond is widely adopted in physics experiments owing to its good radiation hardness. In this paper, a low noise electronics system based on charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) is designed to read out diamond microstrip detectors. Up to 40 channels are implemented in the system, each containing a CSA, a CR — RC
2 shaper, an analog to digital convertor (ADC) and a discriminator used for trigger generation. After calibration and joint test with prototype detector with a size of 4×4×0.5 mm
3, a noise level of less than 845 electrons is realized in all 40 channels. Furthermore, the result with 90
Sr radiation source is consistent with the theory, and a position resolution of 13 um is obtained in laser test which indicates the readout system meets the demand of the future experiment.
An SCA ASIC-based multi-channel readout system for a prototype multi-purpose TPC at CSNS Back-n white neutron source
Authors: Chen Zhen , Feng Changqing , Chen Haolei , Fan Ruirui , Yi Han , Wang Jiaqi , Liu Shubin
Published: December 2022

The back-streaming white neutron source (Back-n) at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), which has excellent energy spectrum and good time resolution, provides superior conditions for neutron induced light charged particle tracking experiment. To track light charged particles, CSNS has proposed a project named Multi-purpose Time Projection Chambers (MTPC) and completed a 1519-channel prototype. A multi-channel readout system based on Switched Capacitor Arrays (SCA) waveform sampling ASIC was designed to meet the requirements of the prototype MTPC. This paper presents the structure of this readout system and the results of the beam test with MTPC at CSNS. Time of Flight spectrum of neutron beam and 3D-track of neutron induced light charged particles were successfully reconstructed. These test results prove the feasibility of large-scale MTPC.
Innovative safety monitoring system based on fiber optic sensors technology compatible with 4-20mA standard
Authors: Marrazzo Vincenzo Romano , Fienga Francesco , Laezza Dario , Riccio Michele , Irace Andrea , Buontempo Salvatore , Breglio Giovanni
Published: December 2022

In this contribution an innovative, full analog, fiber optic sensors (FOS) interrogator is designed which, being fully compatible with the 4-20 mA standard of the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), enable the integration of the FOS technology in safety framework, such as the Detector Safety System (DSS) of the LHC Experiments. It is composed by a full analog electrical circuitry, capable to directly transduce the signal coming from the arrayed waveguide grating (AWG), into a monotonic electrical current in the range of 4-20mA. In a first experimental analysis, a temperature of 50°C was detected, exhibiting an output trend which can be fitted with a 3rd order polynomial equation over the whole range. Furthermore, in a reduced range of 20°C, the trend behaves linearly. The proposed system has the potential to be fully integrated in the DSS of the LHC experiments. Indeed, a validation on field is foreseen in the framework of the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment DSS.