bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Miconia crenata and related species (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in the Greater Antilles
Authors: Judd Walter S. , Ionta Gretchen M. , Majure Lucas C. , Michelangeli Fabián A.
Published: November 2021

The nomenclature and phylogenetic placement of five species of Miconieae in the Greater Antilles with conspicuous multicellular, simple, elongate, eglandular or gland-headed hairs, pseudolateral inflorescences, and flowers with elongated calyx teeth, 5–8, white, rounded petals, white, ovate anthers, and purple- or blue-black fruits are considered. These species have traditionally been considered within the polyphyletic genus Clidemia, but are here transferred to Miconia sensu lato. Four new combinations are presented, i.e., Miconia dependens (D. Don) Judd & Majure, M. erythropogon (DC.) Judd & Ionta, M. octona (Bonpl.) Judd & Majure, and M. strigillosa (Sw.) Judd & Ionta. Finally, we note that the widespread and economically important species previously known as Clidemia hirta (L.) DC., when considered within Miconia, bears the name Miconia crenata (Vahl) Michelang.
A taxonomic revision of taxa in Styrax series Cyrta (Styracaceae) with valvate corollas
Authors: Li Gary , Fritsch Peter W.
Published: November 2021

Several taxonomic treatments of Styrax (Styracaceae) exist in regional floras of Asia, but the Asian species of the genus have not been comprehensively revised since 1907. A treatment of the Asian taxa of S. series Cyrta with imbricate floral aestivation was accomplished in 2003. To complete the taxonomic revision of S. series Cyrta, we conducted a taxonomic revision of the species of the series with valvate aestivation of the corolla lobes. Our revision comprises 11 species with a combined distribution from eastern India through southern China and Malesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia, although the group is absent from the Philippines. We resurrected S. bracteolatus, S. rubifolius, and S. warburgii as species to be recognized, and we corrected the misapplication of S. finlaysonianus, previously used for a species in S. series Benzoin. Styrax finlaysonianus and S. warburgii are segregated from the broader concept of S. agrestis recognized in prior treatments. The circumscriptions of the heretofore poorly delimited species S. confusus, S. faberi, and S. fortunei are clarified and their possible introgressants discussed. We observed unique combinations of characters in some problematic specimens whose taxonomic status remains unresolved because only single specimens with either flowers or fruits were available; at least some of these may represent undescribed species. Lectotypes are designated for Cyrta agrestis, S. argyi, S. bracteolatus, S. calvescens, S. casearifolius, S. confusus var. microphyllus, S. dasyanthus, S. dasyanthus var. cinerascens, S. faberi, S. finlaysonianus, S. formosanus, S. fortunei, S. fukienensis, S. henryi, S. henryi var. microcalyx, S. iopilinus, S. philadelphoides, S. rostratus, S. rubifolius, S. serrulatus var. agrestis, and S. virgatus. A neotype is designated for S. warburgii. Keys, descriptions, distribution maps, and conservation assessments are provided for all species. Styrax agrestis, S. bracteolatus, and S. rubifolius are rare endemics of conservation concern, with highly restricted distributions.
Noteworthy collection of Cypripedium reginae (Orchidaceae) in Tennessee, U.S.A.
Authors: Breeden Cooper
Published: November 2021

A new population of Cypripedium reginae Walter was found in Lewis County, Tennessee. This marks its first occurrence in the Interior Low Plateau ecoregion and fifth occurrence in Tennessee.
Poa mansfieldii (Poaceae), a new species endemic to Steens Mountain, Oregon, U.S.A.
Authors: Wilson Barbara L. , Otting Nick , Brainerd Richard E.
Published: November 2021

A short, rhizomatous, gynodioecious Poa occurs on alpine slopes below melting snowbanks on Steens Mountain, an isolated, fault-block mountain in southeast Oregon. It was included in P. chambersii, a dioecious species of Oregon’s Cascade Range with cobwebby hairs on at least the lower calluses, although the Steens Mountain form is gynodioecious and its calluses are glabrous. These differences between the Cascadian and Steens Mountain forms were recognized (Soreng 1998, 2007). The Steens Mountain bluegrass is here described as a narrowly endemic species, Poa mansfieldii.
Astragalus pilosior (Fabaceae), a new species from the Sierra Madre Occidental in Chihuahua, Mexico
Authors: Spellenberg Richard W. , Anderson E. Wynn
Published: November 2021

Astragalus pilosior Spellenb. & E.W. Anderson is described and illustrated as a new species. It is known to occur in the pine forests of southwestern Chihuahua, Mexico, on the western slopes of the Sierra Madre Occidental between approximately 1900 m and 2500 m elevation. The new species is placed in the section Strigulosi. It is compared with the recently described A. spellenbergii from southwestern Durango, Mexico.
Comments on species nomenclature and taxonomy in Clusia section Oedematopus (Clusiaceae)
Authors: Luján Manuel A. , Do Nascimiento Jr. José E.
Published: November 2021

While Oedematopus divaricatus has already been transferred to Clusia using the available synonym C. myrsinites, here we further explain this synonymy and discuss the similarities of this taxon to related species within Clusia in sect. Oedomatopus.
A floristic survey of the Boulder Mountain Park: with notes on its conservation and management (Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.)
Authors: Hogan Tim
Published: November 2021

The City of Boulder Mountain Park sits in the eastern foothills of the northern Front Range of Colorado. Approximately 7000 acres (2800 ha) in extent, the study area is characterized by a foothills and montane vegetation and flora, predominantly of western North American distribution. Situated at the interface of the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains, the flora of the Mountain Park is distinguished by a wealth of species with eastern woodland affinities, as well as a number of southern Rocky Mountain species endemic to the Front Range. Six hundred and ninety-eight (698) species of vascular plants in 426 genera and 100 families are documented in this survey. Twenty (20) of the plants are listed as Species of Special Concern by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program, with an additional 26 listed as sensitive by the City of Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks Department (OSMP). Introduced non-native species constitute 21% of the flora (147 species), a figure that exaggerates their ecological role in the Park; less than a dozen introduced species are of serious concern in their impact upon native diversity. The Mountain Park is viewed by many as the crown jewel of the City’s OSMP system, and serves as a model for public land management across other open spaces in urban areas nationwide. These forested foothills, with their prominent relief and associated diversity of habitats, serve as one of the last low-elevation nature refuges along the Colorado Front Range. With the increasing urbanization of the region and the loss of biological diversity worldwide, the wisdom of the Boulder community in protecting this landscape is becoming ever more apparent. This report presents a thoroughly revised checklist of the flora of the Boulder Mountain Parks since the area was last inventoried in 1993.
Gonolobus taylorianus (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae: Gonolobinae) in Florida, U.S.A.
Authors: Krings Alexander , Franck Alan , Hammer Roger , Jestrow Brett , Renfro Rex , Lange James
Published: November 2021

Gonolobus taylorianus is reported naturalized from Miami-Dade County, Florida. A key and photographs are provided to distinguish the three species of Gonolobus known from the continental United States.
The vascular flora of Choctaw County, Mississippi, U.S.A.
Authors: Philley Kevin D.
Published: November 2021

The state of Mississippi is one of the least botanically explored areas in the eastern United States. A floristic survey of Choctaw County, Mississippi, was conducted from November 2009 through November 2017 in order to document the vascular flora and describe its plant communities. The county is located in the central portion of the state within the North Central Plateau physiographic region, an area dominated by dissected uplands with acidic to circumneutral sandy-clay soils. Three major river basins occur in the county, including the Big Black River, Noxubee River, and Pearl River. A total of 950 vascular plant species (958 taxa including varieties, subspecies, and recognized hybrids) was recorded. Three-hundred thirteen of these taxa were new county records. Twenty-eight species of special concern as designated by the Mississippi Natural Heritage Program were documented. Approximately 15 percent of the flora is considered non-native to the United States. Eight primary plant communities are also described.
Erratum: Musineon glaucescens (Apiaceae), a new species from central Montana, U.S.A.
Authors: Lesica Peter
Published: November 2021

The following is a correction for Lesica (2019) J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 13(1):1–6. For Page 4, Figure 2 the captions are reversed and should be as follows.Top: M. glaucescens, Lewis & Clark Co., Montana. Bottom: Musineon vaginatum, Missoula Co., Montana.
Uploading Data Files to Terra v1
Authors: J Ambrosio Francis
Published: November 2021

Uploading data to Terra.bio is an essential step in the protocol for analyzing locally stored genomic sequencing data. The Terra.bio uploads page allows users to easily organize their data files using an associated metadata file via a browser-based graphical user interface. This protocol explains the process to prepare the data files and the associated metadata file for upload, and provides the link to the Terra.bio uploads page.
Low variability of Orchis militaris L. in a local population in the Altay Territory, Russia: evidence from morphometrical and caryological analyses
Authors:   Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Zaytseva Yulianna G. , Nabieva Alexandra Yu. ,   Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Zhmud Elena V. ,   Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS
Published: November 2021

Orchis militaris L. is a rare species at the territory of Russia and in many of its regions. This species has been studied for a long time, but the genome size of its representatives in natural conditions has not been studied yet. This assessment is of great importance for the development of measures for the rare species preservation in natural conditions and in the tissue culture. Chromosome counts were completed by flow cytometric data and morphological observations in order to study the species intrapopulation variability. Here, the flow cytometric data on genome size and DNA content of O. militaris from the Asian part of Russia are presented for the first time.
Effects of hypokalemia on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 pneumonia
Authors: KAYA Bülent , PAYDAS Saime , KUZU Tolga , DEMİROGLU Omer , YÜCEL KARAKAYA Sevinç Püren , BALAL Mustafa , TAŞOVA Yeşim
Published: November 2021

Purpose: We investigated the effects of hypokalemia on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 pneumonia.

Materials and Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, we recorded characteristics of hospitalized covid-19 pneumonia patients and laboratory test results on the first hospital day. Duration of hospitalization, requiring intensive care including mechanical ventilation and survival, were determined.

Results: Our study included 185 patients and of them 111 male (60% male) patients with mean age of 64 ± 14.5 (23-90). Patients were grouped as hypokalemic (16.8%) and normokalemic patients (83.2%). The number of diabetic patients was higher in the normokalemic group. Serum total protein and albumin levels were lower in hypokalemic group, while alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, blood pH and bicarbonate level were higher. In multiple logistic regression analyses, alkalosis increased risk of hypokalemia 5.73 times. Duration of hospitalization, requirement of intensive care and hospital mortality were similar in hypokalemia and normokalemia patients.

Conclusion: In patients with Covid-19 pneumonia, hypokalemia has been found to be quite common as high as 16.8% at the first presentation. Hypokalemia was related to metabolic alkalosis but unrelated to the duration of hospitalization, requirement of intensive care including mechanical ventilation and hospital mortality.
Experimental effect of inclination on the process of melting paraffin in a square cavity
Authors: GUELLIL Hocine , KORTI Abdel Illah Nabil
Published: November 2021

Phase change material PCM is a promising strategy for reducing energy consumption in various applications. Among the large number of PCMs studied in the literature, paraffin are considered to be promising for latent heat thermal energy storage LHTES due to its appropriate thermal properties and their chemical stability. The interest of this work is to carry out an experimental procedure to visualize the phase change process of paraffin in a square cavity at different inclination angles. This article reveals how the melting rate could be affected by changing three orientations 90° (vertical heating), 0° (bottom horizontal heating) and 45° (inclined heating). The enclosure is heated on one side while the other walls are thermally insulated. The numerical photos, infrared thermal image and thermocouples-temperatures recorded during the melting processing are used to calculate the melting fractions and to estimate the intensity of heat transfer in different angles. The results show that the inclination angle has a great influence on the behavior of natural convection, affecting the front melting propagation and heat transfer rate. When the inclination angle decreases from 90° to 0° the convection currents in the cavity progressively evolve from a dominant single-cell movement to an unstable Rayleigh-Benard movement. The total melting time for the bottom and inclined heating cavities were, on average, 56% and 45% less than that of the vertical heating, respectively.
The effect of Nusselt number on the bi-viscosity fluid subjected to the discrete heating effect
Authors: ANWAR M. Adnan , RAZZAQ Mudassar
Published: November 2021

Discrete heating action has been established as an energy efficient method. Nusselt number plays a significant role in the heat transfer rate. Local Nusselt number is useful in analyzing the heat transfer rate along the sections of the side walls with different or same temperature in a heated enclosed cavity. Whereas the average Nusselt number quantifies the total heat change in the closed cavity. While the path of the trajectory of the heat flow is being analyzed by heat function. In the current work, multiple heaters of length , and are assembled at each side of the isosceles triangle. The numerical simulations of the modeled system along with boundary conditions are carried out by using the standard Galerkin Finite Element Method. The nonlinear algebraic system is solved by Newton method. The behavior of fluid inside the closed triangle with is observed. The results are reported in terms of the graphs of the temperature contours, streamlines, average and local Nusselt numbers. The maximum heat transfer rate is observed in convection dominant case. By increasing the magnitude of a bi-viscosity parameter, secondary circulation is observed for The rate of heat transfer has a direct relation with the bi-viscosity parameter. The maximum values of average and local Nusselt numbers are achieved by using the heat generation parameter against the Grashof number.
GOATS FED DETOXIFIED CASTOR CAKE IN DIFFERENT PHYSIOLOGICAL STAGES: II. NUTRITIONAL PARAMETERS, HEPATIC AND RENAL
Authors: Araújo Ricardo Alves , Cláudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu Roberto , De Nazaré Carneiro da Silva Luiza , Neuman Miranda Neiva José
Published: November 2021

Evaluated the influence of the substitution of soybean meal (SM) by detoxified castor cake (DCC) on the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, nitrogen balance and function hepatic and renal of goats fed with diets containing DCC by alkaline solutions in confinement regime during different stages of biological development (growth, pregnancy and lactation). The treatments consisted of three diets, a formulated with corn and soybean meal (SM) and the others were formulated with detoxified castor cake by calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 DCC) and another composed by detoxified castor by DCC of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In relation to the biological stages, we observed higher intakes of DM and all the nutrients by goats during lactation, representing up to 4% of body weight. In relation to renal and hepatic parameters showed that there was interaction between the diets and biological stages on the levels of total proteins, direct bilirubin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase. In a general way, the goats fed with both castor cake, regardless of the stage evaluated had higher levels. The detoxified castor cake by alkaline solutions in replacement of soybean meal proved to be a viable alternative in the feeding of goats in the three-stage biological, because it does not affect the functionality of the liver and kidney function and the nitrogen balance, in spite of the diets formulated with detoxified castor by sodium hydroxide decrease the intake of dry matter and nutrients.
Growing space in a 35-year-old Pinus taeda stand
Authors: Gorgete Santos Marina , Silvestre Lima Sanson Caio , Paulo Sardo Madi João , Behling Alexandre , Dobner Júnior Mário , Tyszka Martinez Diego
Published: November 2021

Considering the economic importance of the Pinus species in Brazil, especially in the southern region, this study was carried out to fill some gaps and assist in the production processes of this species. The specific objective was to evaluate the influence of different growing space regimes in experimental plantations of Pinus taeda L., aged 35 years, without thinning, located in the state of Santa Catarina. Diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height data were collected, and the Gamma and Weibull (3P) probability density functions (PDF) were used to describe the structure of the diameter and height variables, respectively. Then multivariate analysis and discriminant functions were applied to identify the correlation of these variables. For qualitative variables, tree health was assessed in three classifications: 1 - Healthy, with no apparent damage; 2 - Initial stage of deterioration by pests and/or diseases; and 3 - Advanced stage of deterioration by pests and/or diseases. The trunk quality variable was also evaluated in three classifications: 1 - Trunk without apparent defects; 2 - Slightly crooked trunk, however cylindrical and devoid of considerable ramifications; and 3 - Trunk with strong tortuosity or bifurcation. The results showed that growing space directly affected the average diameter. Stands with greater space per tree maximized the variables when considering height and DBH together. Stands with less growing space, on the other hand, favored better trunk quality, and the dominant individuals in height had superior health and trunk quality compared to the others.
Inter-market Variability of Smallholder Beef Cattle Farming in East Java Indonesia
Authors: Sunyigono Andrie Kisroh , Suprapti Isdiana , Arifiyanti Nurul
Published: November 2021

Indonesia has failed to achieve meat self-sufficiency; meanwhile, East Java is among the centers of beef cattle with a relatively high contribution in terms of GDP and employment. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyze the market structure of the beef cattle commodity chain by considering the concentration ratio, Gini Index, as well as barriers to exit and entry. The study was conducted in Malang Regency and Sapudi Island, with 164 respondents, which consisted of calf suppliers, farmers, traders, and slaughterhouses. Furthermore, the analytical tools used include descriptive, concentration ratio, Gini Coefficient, and analysis of barriers to entry and exit. Based on the results, the market structures in the beef cattle commodity chain in terms of its input market was perfect competition, while the intermediate and output market was oligopoly. These results were confirmed by the concentration ratios of calf suppliers and farmers, which were lower than the ratios of traders and slaughterhouses. Although the market structures were different, their Gini Coefficients are almost similar because a value of 0.2 showed an equitable distribution. Additionally, the barriers to entry into the market were high investment with a large number of import and market problems. Meanwhile, the barriers to exit the market were a large number of potential demands, high investment, and a source of income.
Study on drug use pattern in the management of the cardiovascular diseases and with comorbidities
Authors: M. Mutharasan , M. Manikkannan , K. Pachayappan , G. Veeramani , N. Paari
Published: November 2021

Background: Cardiovascular drugs are the number one cause of death globally; more people die annually from CVDs then from any other cause CVD. The purpose of this study to identify the rationality of drug prescribed for cardiovascular diseases with its comorbidities. Along with medication adherence and cost analysis. To assess the drug use pattern and to observe the drug related complications in patients with cardiovascular diseases.Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted at department of medicine in RMMCH. A total of 79 patients were enrolled based on inclusion criteria and the data was collected using designed data collection form.Results: Data of 79 patients were collected over 6 months mean age of patients with 19.95-60.5. Male to female ratio was 1.43:1. In cardiovascular diseases, most common disease conditions are systemic hypertension and acute coronary syndrome seen in our study population. Average drugs prescribed per patient was 4-9. Most frequently prescribed drug classes were beta blocker, antiplatelet, hypolipidemic agent. In these few minor drug interactions have been found. Study has no adverse drug reaction. The average cost of drugs was prescribed for 2500-3200 IND. Before patient counseling medication adherence and outcomes were less after counseling, medication adherence and outcomes are increased from 5% to 65%.Conclusions: The study concludes that most of the drugs were prescribed rationally according to world health organization/ESC guidelines. As behalf of this study, we could provide the information about the risk factor, leading commodities. Importance of medication adherence and cost of medications to cardiovascular drugs.
Heterotropic pregnancy: a common masquerade than ever thought?
Authors: Olaleye Ayodele A. , Ejikeme Boniface N. , Okeke Eziaha E. , Ede Nwabunike E. S. , Olinya Bartholomew I. , Edene Charles N. , Obasi John C. , Onyekelu Emmanuel O. , Nwafor Amuchechukwu V.
Published: November 2021

Heterotopic pregnancy, coexistence of living or dead intrauterine pregnancy, single or multiple, with extra-uterine pregnancy located in the oviduct, ovary, uterine cornua, cervix or rarely peritoneal cavity. Heterotropic pregnancy is relatively uncommon in spontaneous conception with 1 in 30,000 cases reported, the incidence of heterotopic pregnancy increases to 1 in 3900 when conception is enhanced with various assisted reproduction techniques (ART). It is an ectopic pregnancy coexisting with intrauterine pregnancy. But is the incidence of heterotropic pregnancy rising? A case was reported from our centre in 2018 by Ejikeme et al, and we have recorded another two cases in the period of one year. Ectopic pregnancy has been described as a great masquerader, which makes diagnosis and management of heterotropic pregnancy a dilemma to attending physician. We present a case of an unbooked 26 years old G4P3+0 who has no family history of multiple gestation and presented at gestational age of 8 weeks and 5 days with 2 days history of abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding and 2 hours history of loss of consciousness. She later had exploratory laparotomy with left salpingectomy and manual vacuum aspiration of Retained Products of Conception with good outcome. In conclusion, spontaneous heterotropic pregnancy is a rare occurrence, however with advent of artificial reproductive technology and increase incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease, the incidence could be higher than earlier suspected.
Ferritin and transferrin levels of the elderly population at Lagos State university teaching hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Kareem Abdulateef O. , Akinbami Akinsegun A. , Uche Ebele I. , Suleiman Aishatu M. , Bamiro Rafah A. , Augustine Benjamin , Odebiyi Hassan A. , Odunniyi A. O.
Published: November 2021

Background: The elderly have limited regenerative abilities thus predisposing them to various diseases. Measuring both serum ferritin and transferrin serve as biomarkers of iron deficiency. This study, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) determined the serum levels of ferritin and transferrin in the elderly. Full blood count was also done and correlated with serum ferritin and transferrin levels of every participant.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study at the Geriatric Clinic of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH). Following receipt of written consents from ninety (90) elderly participants, venous samples were drawn for full blood count (FBC) and samples for serum ferritin and transferrin ELISA assay collected and stored at -40oC until the required sample size was obtained. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Inc., Chicago, Ill). The Pearson chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. P value was considered to be statistically significant when <0.05.  

Results: Participants consisted of 50 (55.6%) females and 40 (44.4%) males. The mean age of all participants was 71.31±7.38 years. The Majority, 90% (36 of 40) of the males had haemoglobin values lower than 13 gm/dl, while 66% (33 of 50) of females had haemoglobin values lower than 12 gm/dl. The mean ferritin concentration of all participants was 196.19 ±121.21ng/ml. The overall mean serum transferrin was 0.187±0.157 ng/ml with a minimum of 0.03 ng/ml and a maximum of 1.18 ng/ml.

Conclusions: Anaemia in the elderly is very common using the World Health Organization (WHO) haemoglobin cut-off values, however, iron deficiency anaemia prevalence is low.
Comércio popular em cidades brasileiras: gestão de deslocamento econômico e transferência de bens
Authors: Marcelo Da Costa
Published: November 2021

O comércio popular faz parte do cenário urbano brasileiro, sendo ele ambulante ou fixo, formal ou informal, precário ou consolidado. As instituições públicas enfrentam diversos desafios e obstáculos nesta questão, dentre eles, a formalização dos comerciantes, a conciliação de conflitos difusos sobre o uso do espaço público, a incorporação dos deveres e obrigações dos comerciantes, a necessidade de relocação visando melhor organização do espaço, e o combate a atividades ilícitas. Tal situação exige a formulação de políticas públicas com propostas e iniciativas de desenvolvimento socioeconomico de forma sustentável. Neste cenário, esta publicação traz elementos básicos para orientar medidas e soluções com foco na relocalização de comerciantes populares, além de apresentar caminhos adequados para a formalização da transferencia de bens públicos. O estudo ainda apresenta alguns estudos de casos nacionais e internacionais que ilustram resultados, pesquisas, melhores práticas e lições aprendidas em programas dessa natureza.
Community socialism of Alexander Herzen and the doctrine of conciliarity of Alexey Khomyakov: two opposite social ideals
Authors: Karulin Andrey
Published: November 2021

The article presents the views of different understanding of social and political ideals in Russian political and philosophical thought. Two largely opposite projects were analyzed: “communal socialism” by Herzen and the project of conciliarity (“sobornost'”) by Khomyakov. Despite the fact that the focus of both thinkers was on the same institution – the traditional Russian community – the understanding of its role in the future reorganization of the country was significantly different for both thinkers. The article analyzes the main provisions of the concepts of Herzen and Khomyakov in a comparative manner; it is noted that both philosophers predicted a unique path of development of Russia, incomparable with the idea of a social ideal of the European type.
Effects of VA Rating on the Fault Diagnosis of Power Transformer Using SFRA Test
Authors: Ibrahim Khalid H. , Korany Nourhan R. , Saleh Saber M.
Published: November 2021

The electric power transformer is an essential part of an electrical power system since it is used to step up or down voltage levels to maintain the system performance as well as possible. Frequency response analysis (FRA) is one of the most widely used techniques for detecting various types of mechanical damage in transformers. The equivalent circuit of the transformer will be represented by a complex network of R, L, and C elements in the FRA technique. For transformer faults diagnosis, various calculation techniques and diagnostic techniques may be used, such as acoustic emission analysis, thermal images of electromagnetic radiation, transformer temperature, and humidity analysis. SFRA test is one of these techniques that could be used to determine the fault type based on its response over a wide frequency range. The main challenge of the SFRA test is that the functional interpretation requirement for this test is not universally accepted Also statistical features are defined for this SFRA response to be used in fault detection and classification. In this paper, the effect of the transformer rating on the fault diagnosis techniques using SFRA is tested. Also, the effect of the transformer VA rating on the statistical parameters and the classification rules of fault diagnosis is discussed. Finally, the features used in fault diagnosis are ranked according to its independence of the transformer rating resulting in a more accurate matching fault diagnosis technique.
Проблемы и риски трудоустройства выпускников высших учебных заведений
Authors: Пак Л.Г. , Каменева Е.Г. , Кочемасова Л.А. , Соколова Ю.А.
Published: November 2021

В данной статье рассмотрена проблемная ситуация, при которой выпускники российских вузов сталкиваются с трудностями трудоустройства и начала трудовой деятельности в условиях сокращения рынка труда и возрастающих требований работодателей в отношении совершенствования практических навыков конкурентоспособности и адаптации выпускников вузов.
Причины и профилактика девиантного поведения подростков
Authors: Хилюк С.О. , Пичугин Д.А. , Кузнецова Е.В.
Published: November 2021

В данной статье авторами приводится классификация девиантных подростков, проводится анализ форм проявления и причин возникновения девиантных форм поведения подростков. Определены субъекты, уполномоченные осуществлять профилактическую и социально-педагогическую реабилитационную деятельность с девиантными подростками и их семьями для формирования здоровой социальной среды.
Образ северного певца-сказителя в произведениях В. А. Игошева и М. А. Тебетева: сравнительный анализ
Authors: Галямов А.А.
Published: November 2021

В статье представлен сравнительный анализ произведений Народного художника СССР Владимира Александровича Игошева и самодеятельного художника-ханты Митрофана Алексеевича Тебетева, посвящённых теме репрезентации северного певцасказителя. Данный образ несёт в себе основную смысловую и художественную нагрузку, отражает эстетическую программу художника по отношению к миру коренных северян.
Handbook for Writing and Editing Texts at the Faculty of Tourism of the University of Maribor
Authors: Turnšek Maja
Published: November 2021

The learning process at the faculty requires not only attending lectures and active participation in the tutorials, but also intensive individual work of a student, which is often presented in the form of a seminar paper. However, the most important individual work of a student is definitely a final paper - a diploma or a master's thesis. In order to present and facilitate the preparation of written works for the students of the Faculty of Tourism of the University of Maribor, we have prepared this handbook for writing and editing texts at the faculty. The professional monograph covers the chapters that lead the student through the whole process of research and writing their paper. From the initial search of the research idea and the basics of scientific writing and research in tourism, to the individual steps of the research process and research methods. The professional monograph also includes a chapter on personal relationships, which in particular addresses the relationship between a student and a mentor in the process of preparing the paper or thesis. The handbook also provides practical advice on language and text designing, as well as instructions for citing references. The professional monograph, thus, combines basic information that both students of tourism and their lecturers will use in their study and work processes, as they will follow the uniform guidelines for writing texts in tourism at the Faculty of Tourism.
Gilt Groupe: Desperately Seeking a New Business Model How Discount Luxury Sites Struggle in the Economic Recovery Era
Authors: Ostapenko Nikolai
Published: November 2021

Gilt Groupe is a favorite website for luxury bargain hunters spending their lunch breaks with style. The company, founded in 2007, already has a well-established reputation and is expected to generate close to $1 billion in annual sales by the end of 2012. Its online platform uses the “flash sales” method, offering limited-time availability of high fashion, travel, home décor, and culinary bargains to its members. Membership, originally by invitation only, is now open to all. The idea of moving “sample sales” online was first realized on a European website, Vente-Privee.com, which now has more than 13 million customers. Following Gilt’s introduction in the United States, flash sales skyrocketed and led to the launching of many new sites, which have proved popular both with consumers seeking impressive discounts on uber-luxury goods, and with exclusive brands wanting to unload their unsold stock quickly
Interactions between the Interpretation of Article 10 ECHR and the EU Directive on the Protection of Whistleblowers
Authors: Górski Marcin
Published: November 2021

This chapter presents the evolution of the Strasbourg case-law concerning the protection of whistleblowers, starting from the 2008 Guja v. Moldova judgment, and confronts the EU Directive’s provisions on public disclosure with the ECtHR’s relevant standard of interpretation of Article 10 of the Convention (the Guja’s six-element test). The work concludes that there exist certain divergencies between the Convention standard and Article 15 of the Directive and that somewhat confusing wording of the latter provision is likely to cause future interpretative malfunctions if one employs only grammatic interpretation of that provision while forgetting about the general function and scheme of the Directive.
Numerical methodology for evaluation the combustion and emissions characteristics on WLTP in the light duty dual-fuel diesel vehicle
Authors: Kneba Zbigniew , Stepanenko Denys , Rudnicki Jacek
Published: November 2021

The worldwide aim of reducing environmental impact from internal combustion engines bring more and more stringent emission regulations. In 2017 by EU has been adopted new harmonized test procedure called WLTP. In general terms this test was designed for determining the levels of harmful emissions and fuel consumption of traditional and hybrid cars. This procedure contains specific driving scenarios which representing real-life driving patterns. Test cycles contain vehicle velocity versus time profiles and directly in powertrain analysis on the test benches cannot be used. In order to back calculate drive cycles to engine rpm versus torque profiles a simple longitudinal vehicle dynamics method was used in this paper. Moreover, in order to determine most representative engine operation points duing WLTP a density based grid clustering method was implemented. The experimental part of the study focuses on the comparative evaluation of the effect of various diesel to LPG substitution ratios (0% LPG, 10% LPG, 20% LPG and 30% LPG) on combustion and emission characteristics of dual-fuel diesel engine.
Variabilidade espacial de características morfofisiológicas do feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Santos Marony Pereira de Almeida , Santos Antônio Clementino dos , Chan Guillermo Arturo Herrera , Dalcin Mateus Sunti , Rocha Weslany Silva , Leite Olavo da Costa
Published: November 2021

O potencial produtivo do feijão-caupi é determinado pelos fatores edafoclimáticos, principalmente por fatores de solo e adubação. É considerado uma planta exigente em nutrientes, em função do pequeno e pouco profundo sistema radicular e do ciclo curto. A análise geoestatística da variabilidade do solo pode indicar alternativas de manejo. Com isso esse trabalho teve por objetivo analisar características morfofisiológicas da cultura do feijoeiro através de semivariogramas, a fim de qualificar as melhores regiões produtivas do talhão. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: a altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, clorofila A, B e total. A dependência espacial foi analisada por meio de ajustes de semivariogramas. Os valores das clorofilas A, B e total apresentam-se autocorrelacionados no espaço. O diâmetro de caule apresenta um moderado grau de dependência espacial que correspondeu a 31 %, para os dados analisados. A altura de planta apresenta uma fraca grau de dependência espacial que equivale apenas 9%. e efeito pepita ocorreu para os dados analisados
Prognostic value of BCL2 and TP53 genetic alterations for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with R-CHOP
Authors:   Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &, Qin Yan ,   #x0026,   Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
Published: November 2021

Objective: Limited data about the prognostic significance of BCL2 mutations and BCL2 copy number variations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are available. This study aimed to comprehensively describe BCL2 genetic alterations in DLBCL patients, and examine correlation of BCL2, TP53 and other genetic alterations with outcomes in patients treated with R-CHOP. Methods: Probe capture-based high-resolution sequencing was performed on 191 patients diagnosed with de novo DLBCL. MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: The presence of BCL2 alterations significantly correlated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) (5-year PFS: 13.7% vs. 40.8%; P = 0.003) and overall survival (OS) (5-year OS: 34.0% vs. 70.9%; P = 0.036). Importantly, patients who harbored BCL2 gain/amplifications (BCL2GA/AMP) also had a remarkably inferior 5-year PFS (11.1% vs. 38.3%; P < 0.001) and OS (22.1% vs. 69.6%; P = 0.009). In contrast, neither BCL2 mutations nor BCL2 translocations were significantly prognostic for survival. Multivariable analyses showed that the presence of BCL2 alterations, especially BCL2GA/AMP, TP53 mutations, and International Prognostic Index (IPI) were significantly associated with inferior PFS and OS. Novel prognostic models for OS were constructed based on 3 risk factors, including BCL2 alterations (Model 1) or BCL2GA/AMP (Model 2), TP53 mutations, and IPI, to stratify patients into 4 risk groups with different survival outcomes. Conclusions: This study showed that DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP, BCL2 alterations, especially BCL2GA/AMP and TP53 mutations were significantly associated with inferior outcomes, which were independent of the IPI. The novel prognostic models we proposed predicted outcomes for DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP, but further validation of the prognostic models is still warranted.
Towards Ultimate High-power Scaling: Coherent Beam Combing of Fiber Lasers
Authors: Fathi Hossein , Närhi Mikko , Gumenyuk Regina
Published: November 2021

Fiber laser technology has been demonstrated as a versatile and reliable approach for laser source manufacturing with a wide range of applicability in various fields ranging from science to industry. The power/energy scaling of single fiber laser systems has faced several fundamental limitations. To overcome them and to boost the power/energy level even further, combining the output powers of multiple lasers has become the primary approach. Among various combining techniques, the coherent beam combining of fiber amplification channels is the most promising approach, instrumenting ultra-high power/energy lasers with near-diffraction-limited beam quality. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the progress of coherent beam combining for both continuous-wave and ultrafast fiber lasers. The concept of coherent beam combining from basic notions to specific details of methods, requirements, and challenges are discussed, along with reporting some practical architectures for both continuous and ultrafast fiber lasers.
High-Resolution Microstructure Characterization of Additively Manufactured X5CrNiCuNb17-4 Maraging Steel during Ex and in Situ Thermal Treatment
Authors: Albu Mihaela , Panzirsch Bernd , Schröttner Hartmuth , Mitsche Stefan , Reichmann Klaus , Poletti Cecilia , Kothleitner Gerald
Published: November 2021

Powder and SLM additively manufactured parts of X5CrNiCuNb17-4 maraging steel were systematically investigated by electron microscopy to understand the relationship between the properties of the powder grains and the microstructure of the printed parts. We prove that satellites, irregularities and superficial oxidation of powder particles can be transformed into an advantage through the formation of nanoscale (AlMnSiTiCr)-oxides in the matrix during the printing process. The nano-oxides showed extensive stability in terms of size, spherical morphology, chemical composition and crystallographic disorder upon in situ heating up to 950°C in the scanning transmission electron microscope. Their presence thus indicates a potential for oxide-dispersive strengthening of this steel, which may be beneficial for creep resistance at elevated temperatures. The nucleation of copper clusters and their evolution into nanoparticles as well as the precipitation of Ni and Cr particles upon in situ heating have as well been systematically documented.
Cannabidiol-Loaded Mixed Polymeric Micelles of Chitosan/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) And Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) For Trans-Corneal Delivery
Authors: Sosnik Alejandro , Shabo Ronya Ben , Halamish Hen Moshe
Published: November 2021

Ocular drug delivery is one of the most challenging administration routes due to the very low drug bioavailability. In this work, we produce and characterize mucoadhesive mixed polymeric micelles (PMs) made of chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) backbones graft-hydrophobized with short poly(methyl methacrylate) blocks and use them to encapsulate cannabidiol (CBD), an anti-inflammatory cannabinoid. CBD-loaded mixed PMs are physically stabilized by ionotropic crosslinking of the CS domains with sodium tripolyphoshate and spray-drying. These mixed PMs display CBD loading capacity of 20% w/w and sizes of 100-200 nm, and spherical morphology (cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy). The good compatibility of the unloaded and CBD-loaded PMs is assessed in a human corneal epithelial cell line. Then, we confirm the permeability of CBD-free PMs and nanoencapsulated CBD in cornea cell monolayers under liquid-liquid and air-liquid conditions. Overall, our results highlight the potential of these polymeric nanocarriers for ocular drug delivery.
Optimized Protocols for in Vitro T Cell-Dependent and T Cell-Independent Activation for B Cell Differentiation Studies Using Limited Cells
Authors: Marsman Casper , Verhoeven Dorit
Published: November 2021

Background/methods: For mechanistic studies, in vitro human B cell differentiation and generation of plasma cells are invaluable techniques. However, the heterogeneity of both T cell-dependent (TD) and T cell-independent (TI) stimuli and the disparity of culture conditions used in existing protocols makes interpretation of results challenging. The aim of the present study was to achieve the most optimal B cell differentiation conditions using isolated CD19+ B cells and PBMC cultures. We addressed multiple seeding densities, different durations of culturing and various combinations of TD stimuli and TI stimuli including B cell receptor (BCR) triggering. B cell expansion, proliferation and differentiation was analyzed after 6 and 9 days by measuring B cell proliferation and expansion, plasmablast and plasma cell formation and immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion. In addition, these conditions were extrapolated using cryopreserved cells and differentiation potential was compared. Results: This study demonstrates improved differentiation efficiency after 9 days of culturing for both B cell and PBMC cultures using CD40L and IL-21 as TD stimuli and 6 days for CpG and IL-2 as TI stimuli. We arrived at optimized protocols requiring 2500 and 25.000 B cells per culture well for TD and TI assays, respectively. The results of the PBMC cultures were highly comparable to the B cell cultures, which allows dismissal of additional B cell isolation steps prior to culturing. In these optimized TD conditions, the addition of anti-BCR showed little effect on phenotypic B cell differentiation, however it interferes with Ig secretion measurements. Addition of IL-4 to the TD stimuli showed significantly lower Ig secretion. The addition of BAFF to optimized TI conditions showed enhanced B cell differentiation and Ig secretion in B cell but not in PBMC cultures. With this approach, efficient B cell differentiation and Ig secretion was accomplished when starting from fresh or cryopreserved samples. Conclusion: Our methodology demonstrates optimized TD and TI stimulation protocols for more indepth analysis of B cell differentiation in primary human B cell and PBMC cultures while requiring low amounts of B cells, making them ideally suited for future clinical and research studies on B cell differentiation of patient samples from different cohorts of B cell-mediated diseases.