bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trashëgimia letrare e Veli Stafës
Authors: Çapaliku Alfred
Published: December 2023

Në dy vitet e fundit në Kolegjin Saverian të Shkodrës (1931-1933), ku mësues të gjuhës shqipe dhe të retorikës pati poetin Ndre Mjeda, rioshi Veli Stafa e ndjeu veten të prirur nga vjershat. Këputi një trëndafil të bardhë dhe duke e çuar te buzët e puthi lehtë. Por shpejt studenti Veli Stafa u bë mendimtar në prozë, meqë ndjente nevojën e paradokseve. Në lëmën fantazmagorike të tipave e karaktereve në vendin e tij të vogël, tastiera e gjerë e shpirtit iu prek tash e parë nga dashuria e madhe, shoqëruar me dhimbje të thellë. Në tetë vite krijimtarie që hapen në shkollën e Shkodrës, vazhdojnë në universitetin e Bolonjës dhe mbyllen në sanatoriumin e Parisit, Platonicusi shkroi mbi njëzet poezi, mbi njëzet proza të shkurtra e mbi dhjetë lloje shkrimesh të publicistikës letrare. Pjesën më të madhe të tyre ai e botoi në revistat e gazetat: “Bota e Re” të Korçës dhe “Java”, “Përpjekja shqiptare”, “Minerva”, “Illyria”, “Arbënia”, “Populli”, “Shtypi”, “Shekulli XX”, etj. të Tiranës. Letërsia dhe gazetaria letrare e tij ngërthen mbi njëqind e gjashtëdhjetë faqe. Vjershat, tregimet, artikujt e patën receptimin e tyre normal përgjatë shtrirjes së dekadës së katërt të shekullit XX. Në dekadat e mëpasme vazhdoi jehona e kritikës ndaj atij opusi. Dorëshkrimet e Platonicusit, që u bënë të njohura në vitin 1982 në Tiranë me botimin pothuajse të plotë të veprës së tij letrare nga studiuesi Andrea Varfi, flasin për shijen e hollë të shkrimtarit të ri gjatë publikimit dhe përgjatë rezervimit, duke e përzgjedhur me kujdes krijimtarinë nëpërmjet kapërcimit stilistik të vetvetes. E sipërfaqshmja e një çasti bëhej e thellë në një çast tjetër. Krijimtaria e mbetur në “sirtar” dëshmon gjithashtu për kohën fizike aq të paktë e krejt të pamjaftueshme, që Veli Stafa jetëshkurtër pati në dispozicion për ta botuar komplet veprën e tij letrare. Prodhimtaria mikse e promovuar e Platonicusit hyri denjësisht në garën reale, mes individualiteteve letrare të mirënjohura të viteve ‟30, me tematikën e re origjinale dhe me finesën shprehëse të saj. Ajo qe si një peshore ku matej ndjeshmëria njerëzore. Krijimet poetike me forma të ndryshme strofe e metri, me praninë e vargut të lirë, si dhe skicat, portretet, vizatimet letrare e tregimet e botuara në kolona gazetash bënë që ai të portretizohej në historinë e letërsisë shqipe, si një:“... poet dhe prozator i talentuar”.
Pjetër Bogdani: Cuneus Prophetarum (Çeta e Profetëve), botim kritik me një studim hyrës, transkriptim e shënime përgatitur nga Anila Omari, (botim i dytë i përmirësuar), Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë, Tiranë, 2015.
Authors: Paci Evalda
Published: December 2023

Leximi i mirëfilltë i veprave të letërsisë së vjetër shqipe dhe më tej trajtimet që bëjnë të mundur thellimin e mjaft pistave të hulumtimit si brendësimi përmbajtjesor i tyre, gjurmimi me themel i disa nënsistemeve kryesisht gjuhësore që evidentohen në tekstet përkatëse, shpjegimet e mundshme të sistemit ortografik dhe të kuptimeve të fjalëve që dhe sot e kësaj dite përbëjnë çelësa interpretimi për kohën dhe kontekstin gjegjës, bëhen të mundur së pari nga njohja e mirë e çdonjërit prej ekzemplarëve të botuar që e përfaqësojnë këtë letërsi, por mbi të gjitha nga disponimi në format të botimit kritik e filologjik të vetë veprës apo dhe të varianteve gjegjëse, nëse kjo e fundit ka pasur raste të ribotimit. Një panoramë të tillë, me interes për kohën, por dhe për studiuesit e periudhave të mëvona e përvijojnë si përfaqësues autorë të përveçëm që shënuan me sprovat e tyre një periudhë të veçantë për nga uniciteti i veprave që panë pikërisht në shekujt gjegjës dritën e botimit. Sprovat për t‟i njohur më nga afër të tilla vepra dhe studimet që janë kryer mbi historikun e lëvrimit të shkrimit shqip përmes një letërsie të mbiquajtur kishtare, ekleziastike, apo dhe ungjillore janë kulmuar më së miri nga realizimi i botimeve kritike e filologjike që bëjnë të mundur dhe sot e kësaj dite të mund të përvijohen hulumtime më konkrete mbi përmbajtjen e tyre.
Parafjalët e gjuhës shqipe dhe kontributi i Mehmet Çelikut në këtë fushë
Authors: Kananaj Anila
Published: December 2023

Parafjalët janë një kategori fjalësh mjaft e diskutuar në gjuhësi. Diskutimet kryesore kanë të bëjnë me statusin leksiko-gramatikor, përkatësisht sintaksor, në sintagmat ku ato shfaqen. Pjesa më e madhe e studiuesve tanimë i trajtojnë parafjalët si klasë funksionale, por një pjesë prej tyre pohojnë se ato bëjnë pjesë në klasën leksikore të fjalëve (Jackendoff 1973, O'Grady 1990) dhe disa të tjerë janë të mendimit që ato përbëjnë një klasë heterogjene, d.m.th. një grup parafjalësh janë fjalë funksionale dhe një grup tjetër i parafjalëve janë fjalë me natyrë leksikore (Zwarts 1992). Duke përdorur kritere semantike dhe sintaksore, Rauh (1993) dallon parafjalë leksikore dhe jo leksikore. Levin (1993) nxjerr në pah lidhjet semantike të foljeve me plotësat e tyre në anglishte, përfshi këtu plotësat parafjalorë. Pra, parafjalët mund të shihen edhe si lidhje semantike midis dy përbërësve. Englebert (1993) dhe një numër autorësh të tjerë i trajtojnë pafjalët në kuadër të morfo-sintaksës, pra nuk ka më një ndarje të prerë midis morfologjisë dhe sintaksës por trajtim në kufi të të dyjave.
Franqisk A. Santori dhe trashëgimia gjuhësore e letrare e shqiptarëve
Authors: Bruci Merita
Published: December 2023

Më datë 20 dhjetor 2019, në mjediset e Akademisë së Shkencave të Shqipërisë, zhvilloi punimet Konferenca Shkencore Ndërkombëtare Franqisk A. Santori dhe trashëgimia gjuhësore e letrare e shqiptarëve. Kjo konference u organizua me rastin e një përvjetori të rëndësishëm, 200 vjetorit të lindjes së shkrimtarit arbëresh dhe ishte pjesë e Ditëve të Albanologjisë 2019, aktivitete këto që mbyllin vitin studimor të Institutit të Gjuhësisë dhe Letërsisë dhe më gjerë të Akademisë së Studimeve Albanologjike. Valter Memisha, drejtor i Institutit të Gjuhësisë dhe Letërsisë mbajti fjalën e hapjes dhe paraqiti përshëndetjet e rastit. Merita Bruci (Akademia e Studimeve Albanologjike), në referatin e saj F. A. Santori mes njohjes dhe mosnjohjes, theksoi faktin se Santori pati fatin e keq të mos i gëzohej botimit të veprave të tij të cilat mbetën kryesisht të pabotuara apo me shmangie nga origjinalet dorëshkrim. Vetëm vitet e fundit vëmendja e filologëve është kthyer drejt kontributit të jashtëzakonshëm të Santorit në fushën e shkrimit shqip.
Eric P. Hamp (1920-2019)
Authors: Omari Anila
Published: December 2023

Në 17 shkurt 2019 ndërroi jetë gjuhëtari i shquar dhe albanologu më i madh amerikan Eric Hamp. Ai ishte një studiues i njohur ndërkombëtarisht në fushën e gjuhësisë krahasuese-historike, me interes të veçantë në gjuhët më pak të studiuara ku gjuha shqipe me degët e saj të diasporës arbëreshe dhe arvanitase zinte një vend të nderuar. Interesat e tij studimore shtriheshin nga indoeuropianistika, te ballkanologjia, albanologjia, keltologjia, romanistika, sllavistika, armenishtja e deri te gjuhët vendase të Amerikës. Në studimin e gjuhëve atë e shquante kërkimi në terren për të mbledhur lëndën e tyre.
Shuhet Albanologu Wilfried Fiedler
Authors: Demiraj Bardhyl
Published: December 2023

Albanologjia në Gjermani tronditet rishtas këtë vit me një ngjarje të hidhur. Largohet papritur prej nesh Wilfried Fiedler, i mirënjohur në diskursin kulturor intelektual shqiptar dhe ballkanik si njohësi më i thelluar dhe më produktiv në studimet gjuhësore albanologjike dhe ato ballkanike bashkëkohore në hapësirën gjermanishtfolëse, anëtar korrespondent i Akademisë së Shkencave dhe Arteve të Kosovës dhe i Akademisë së Shkencave të Shqipërisë.

Wilfried Fiedler lindi në vitin 1933 në Oberfrohna (Saksoni/RFGJ) dhe u shpërngul qysh në rini në Berlin, ku studioi në Universitetin Humboldt në fushat e sllavistikës e të filologjive të tjera të Europës Juglindore dhe Lindore. Prej vitit 1955 filloi karrierën e tij shkencore si punonjës shkencor në institutin e Kulturës Popullore pranë Akademisë së Shkencave të Gjermane (në Berlinin lindor) dhe katër vite më vonë, pas njohjes së thelluar të shqipes edhe si docent i saj në Universitetin Humboldt. Ky angazhim e shoqëroi 30 vjet me radhë aktivitetin e tij shkencor-universitar dhe intelektual (1957-1989). Bashkimi i Gjermanisë e solli Fiedler-in në Perëndim, në Universitetin elitar Ludwig-Maximilian të Mynihut, si pasardhës i profesurës për albanologji që kishte themeluar profesor Martin Camaj, një pozicion ky që e shoqëroi deri në daljen e tij në pension (1991-1998). Angazhimi universitar, krahas atij shkencor, mbeti gjithsesi deri në fund pjesë e jetës së tij aktive si specialisti i shumëkërkuar i shqipes në universitetet e Jenës dhe të Mynihut.
SUSTAINABILITY APPROACHES IN DENIM PRODUCTS AND PRODUCTION PROCESSES
Authors: Sünter Eroglu Nilşen
Published: December 2023

Sustainability in denim refers to the practices implemented to reduce the environmental, economic and social impacts of the denim production process and these practices are divided into two as product and production process. Sustainable denim product practices include various approaches such as using environmentally friendly, organic materials and recycled denim. In the sustainable production process, there are more sustainable alternatives such as desizing with amylase enzyme, mercerization with the best available techniques, bleaching with enzyme, ozone and laser technologies, washing with natural resources and water reduction technologies. This study aims to explain the sustainable product and production process that can reduce waste, water and energy consumption, using environmentally friendly raw materials, recycling and reuse.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS TO ENHANCE THE RING MACHINE EFFICIENCY AND YARN QUALITY BY DETERMINATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF DYNAMIC YARN TENSION
Authors: Farooq Assad , Khan Nayab , Awais Muhammad , Ahmad Khalil , Mohsin Muhammad , Akhtar Usama , Hussaın Fiaz
Published: December 2023

The yarn spinning process involves the interaction of large varieties of variables. The relation between the dynamic yarn tension (DYT), yarn quality, and production efficiency of the spinning frame cannot be established conclusively. Artificial neural network (ANN) is a promising step in this filed. In this research work, ANNs simulation and modeling is applied for the optimization of the DYT n to improve the production efficiency and quality of yarn. The research to date in DYT is insufficient to meet the developmental requirement of the high-speed and efficient ring spinning frame. One of the major problems facing the effective use of the ANN is the correct selection of the input parameters to be fed for the training of ANNs. Data of various input variables such as count, traveler no., spindle speed and dynamic yarn tension etc., was used for ANN modeling and simulation. DYT plays a significant role in the determination of yarn quality and its productivity in terms of end breakage rate. However, it has never been explained in terms of displacement from the original yarn path. This work is aimed to the determination and optimization of DYT at ring spinning frame. The influence of different yarn geometry parameters on DYT, measured by the tensiometer was investigated. The optimized DYT values for the machines, running at different speed and different counts were determined using ANN modeling. It is found that the optimized values predicted from ANN resulted in better quality, high production, and decreased end-breakage at industrial ring spinning frames. By the implementation of ANNs the optimum speed and effective utilization of textile raw materials can be achieved.
ÖRME KUMAŞ KONFEKSİYON ÜRETİMİNİN ÖNCEDEN BELİRLENMİŞ ZAMAN SİSTEMLERİYLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Ünal Can , Narin Kübra
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışma, işletmelerin operasyonel verimliliklerini artırmak ve hat dengeleme problemlerini çözmek için önemli bir araç olan MTM (Methods Time Measurement) yönteminin tekstil endüstrisindeki uygulamasını incelemektedir. MTM yöntemi, üretim süreçlerinin planlanması, programlanması, malzeme taşıma sürelerinin ölçümü ve insan-makine etkileşimi gibi birçok alanda etkili sonuçlar sunmaktadır. Çalışmada, işletmenin kendi veri tabanından alınan süreler ile gerçekleşen operasyon süreleri arasındaki farkı belirlemek ve hat dengeleme sorunlarının kök nedenine inmek amacıyla MTM yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Tişört üretim bandında yapılan uygulama için, prosesler video ile incelenmiştir. Video çekimlerinden elde edilen görüntüler 1/8 hızda oynatılarak metine dökülmüş ardından MTM yöntemi yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. MTM analiz süreleri ile operasyonların firma tarafından kabul edilen süreleri karşılaştırılmıştır.
SİVRİSİNEK KOVUCU TEKSTİL MALZEMELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR DERLEME
Authors: Çelen Rumeysa , Kanmaz Dilayda , Aras Cansu , Yıldız Serkan , Tiritoğlu Mehmet , Duzyer Gebizli Sebnem , Koral Koç Serpil , Karaca Esra
Published: December 2023

Koruyucu tekstiller modern insan hayatının önemli bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Değişen iklim koşulları ve yaygınlaşan bulaşıcı hastalıklar, insanların koruyucu tekstillere olan ihtiyacını arttırmaktadır. Sivrisinekler, pek çok zararlı organizmayı insanlara taşıyan bu nedenle de hastalıklara ve ölümlere sebep olan böceklerdir. Toplum sağlığı açısından önemli bir tehdit kaynağı oldukları için sivrisineklerden korunma yöntemleri büyük önem arz etmektedir. Sivrisineklere karşı en etkili korunma yöntemi ise, tekstil malzemeleri ile kişisel korunmanın sağlanmasıdır. Sivrisinek kovucu maddelerin çeşitli yöntemlerle, konvansiyonel ve özellikle nanolifli tekstil yüzeylerine dâhil edilmesiyle hem yüksek oranda hem de uzun süre koruyuculuk sağlayan ürünler elde etmek mümkündür. Sivrisinek kovucu maddeler içerisinde doğal yağlar, insan sağlığı ve çevresel etkenler nedeniyle önem kazanmaktadır. Ancak bu maddeler uçucu yapıda oldukları için kalıcılıkları sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle, sivrisinek kovucu maddenin kontrollü salımına ve uzun süreli etkili olmasına olanak sağlayan mikrokapsülasyon teknikleri ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu makalede, sivrisineklerden koruma sağlayan tekstil malzemelerinin üretimi ve etkinliği üzerine yapılan çalışmalar incelenerek detaylı bir şekilde sunulmuştur. Ayrıca; sivrisinek kovucu maddelerin ve tekstil yapılarına entegrasyonunun, koruyuculuk ve toplum/çevre sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmıştır.
INVESTIGATION OF TEXTILE BASED ELECTRODES FOR MONITORING sEMG MUSCLE SIGNAL
Authors: Gültekin Elif , Çelik Halil İbrahim , Kaynak Hatice Kübra
Published: December 2023

Wearable electronics are technological devices that are incorporated into garments with embedded systems and provide constant interaction with the user performing a specific task. This technology often focuses on devices to monitor physiological variables and seeks the most convenient and portable form for continuous monitoring. Although sEMG has emerged as a tool used in laboratory research for many years, with the development of technology in the fields of electricity, electronics, computers, and biomedicine, it has been used for different purposes in kinesiology (the branch of science dealing with human movements), rehabilitation, sports medicine, sports sciences, and many sports branches. In this study, textile based sEMG electrodes were produced by using knitting technology with silver plated polyamide conductive yarn with different densities. Then resistivity and sEMG signals of the produced samples and conventional disposable electrode were compared.
ELECTROSPINNING OF PVP/CARVACROL/LANOLIN COMPOSITE NANOFIBERS
Authors: Kesici Güler Hülya , Geysoğlu Mustafa , Cengiz Çallıoğlu Funda
Published: December 2023

In this study, it was aimed to produce and characterize various concentrations of carvacrol and lanolin loaded PVP nanofibers via electrospinning. Various concentrations of carvacrol:lanolin were added to the PVP polymer solutions such as 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 wt %. Solution properties such as viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension were measured. In terms of characterization studies, SEM, FT-IR, TGA and DSC analysis were carried out. According to the results of the study, viscosity increased and conductivity decreased with carvacrol:lanolin concentration increasement. However, surface tension was not affected from carvacrol:lanolin concentration. Nanowebs quality improved with carvacrol:lanolin concentrations. Generally, nanofibers are quite fine, smooth, and uniform. FT-IR spectrums verified that PVP, carvacrol and lanolin exist in the structure of nanofibers chemically. DSC and TGA results demonstrated that the thermal stability of carvacrol and lanolin, which have poor thermal stability, was enhanced by incorporating them into the PVP nanofiber structures. Considering antibacterial properties of carvacrol and wound healing properties of lanolin, these composite nanofiber surfaces have a high potential for use in the biomedical field, especially as a wound dressing.
LAYER-BY-LAYER SELF-ASSEMBLY APPROACH IN THE UV PROTECTIVE MODIFICATION OF ARAMID-BASED MATERIALS
Authors: Ünvar Yeşim , Sarıışık Merih , Uğur Şule Sultan
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the Layer by Layer self-assembly (LbL) approach for developing the UV resistance of aramid yarns. Initially, a pretreatment was achieved by polyethyleneimine to obtain cationic surface charges on aramid yarns. Then zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were self-assembled on these yarns by the LbL process. The findings revealed that the LbL nano coatings significantly improved the UV resistance and tensile properties of the aramid yarns. This study highlights the unique opportunities offered by the LbL methodology to both modify aramid-based materials in mild conditions and provide an effective UV protection.
Popular vote as a form of online dialogue between government and society
Authors: Zyablikov Aleksei , Maksimenko Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Akhunzyanova Farida Tagirovna , Zaitsev Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: December 2023

The authors consider the popular vote as a mechanism of convergent movement of power and society in the context of the formation and development of the digital public sphere. The theoretical and methodological basis of communication between government and society is analyzed. The search for modern forms of dialogue between government and society is made in the context of discussions on the use of remote electronic voting (DEG) in the electoral process. The role, opportunities, prospects and risks of online voting in Russian regional and municipal practice are assessed, in particular, in the implementation of the program "Formation of a comfortable urban environment", which is a positive experience of equal and effective interaction between government and society, offers one of the possible directions of public dialogue, the essence of which is the transition from an archaic subject-object models for intersubjective communication. The research is based on a dialectical understanding of socio-cultural processes and phenomena, on general scientific and logical methods of cognition. Statistical, institutional and comparative methods are used. The scientific novelty lies in the study of online voting as an effective form of achieving public consensus within the framework of a specific federal program. It is noted that online voting corresponds to the electoral culture of Russian society, its conventional features. The necessity of broad inclusion of citizens in the discussion and implementation of land improvement programs and other socially significant projects is substantiated. The motives that provide these programs with significant public support are revealed. The data characterizing the quality of the urban environment in the Central Federal District are summarized and analyzed. The conclusion is made about the relationship between the popular vote and the growth of the urban space quality index. The resources of the urban environment quality index and the popular vote are evaluated as conditions for the formation of a healthy competitive field, where the main engine is awareness of the responsibility of the administration and residents of the region for the prestige of their region. Recommendations are formulated on the institutionalization of online voting to solve problems that determine the current regional and municipal agenda.
Internet Usage, YouTube, and Conspiracy-Mindedness in the United States
Authors: Olson Laura
Published: December 2023

Abstract The spread of conspiracy theories and misinformation poses substantial threats to democracy around the world. In the United States, entrenched political polarization is both a consequence and a ramification of the spread of biased and false information. Much of this misinformation is spread online, especially on social media. Of all the social media networks in existence, the video-sharing platform YouTube is the most significant incubator of right-wing conspiracist thinking. To what extent has internet usage affected conspiracy-mindedness in the U.S. during the Trump era? I analyze data from five waves of the Pew Research Center’s “American Trends Panel” to test the hypotheses that (1) being perpetually online, (2) keeping many social media accounts, and (3) relying on YouTube for news will increase perceptions of ‘fake news’, stoke conspiracist thinking, and help make democracy’s status in the U.S. ever more precarious. Findings indicate that reliance on YouTube for news is an especially powerful predictor of noticing fake news about COVID-19 and the 2020 U.S. presidential election; attitudes about voter fraud, Donald Trump’s challenges to the election results, and the January 6, 2021, insurrectionists; and deciding to stop talking to someone because of politics.
Ym1 protein crystals promote type 2 immunity
Authors: Heyndrickx Ines , Deswarte Kim , Verstraete Kenneth , Verschueren Koen H. G. , Smole Ursula , Aegerter Helena , Dansercoer Ann , Hammad Hamida , Savvides Savvas N. , Lambrecht Bart N.
Published: December 2023

Spontaneous protein crystallization is a rare event, yet protein crystals are frequently found in eosinophil-rich inflammation. In humans, Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) are made from galectin-10 (Gal10) protein, an abundant protein in eosinophils. Whereas mice do not encode Gal10 in their genome, they do form pseudo-CLCs, made from the chitinase-like proteins Ym1 and/or Ym2, encoded by
Chil3
and
Chil4
and made by myeloid and epithelial cells respectively. Here, we investigated the biological effects of pseudo-CLCs since their function is currently unknown. We produced recombinant Ym1 crystals which were shown to have identical crystal packing and structure by X-ray crystallography as
in vivo
native crystals derived from murine lung. When administered to the airways of mice, crystalline but not soluble Ym1 stimulated innate and adaptive immunity and acted as a type 2 immune adjuvant for eosinophilic inflammation via triggering of dendritic cells (DCs). Murine Ym1 protein crystals found at sites of eosinophilic inflammation reinforce type 2 immunity and could serve as a surrogate model for studying the biology of human CLCs.
“It matters if I am here“: Norwegian Urban Lower Secondary School Teachers and Leaders’ Experiences of Belonging
Authors: Skogheim Martin
Published: December 2023

This study explores urban lower secondary school teachers’ sense of belonging, focusing on their relationships with students and their work experiences. Despite heightened interest in students’ sense of belonging in educational settings, empirical research on teacher belonging – especially in the context of urban lower secondary education – remains sparse. The limited focus on teachers’ experiences of belonging at work is paradoxical, given their crucial role in fostering student belonging and the global challenges regarding the recruitment and retention of teachers. While previous research on belonging has underscored its importance for job satisfaction, professional identity development, and motivation at work, there has been a lack of focus on understanding how student-teacher relationships specifically influence teachers’ experiences of belonging to their school. This study draws from interviews and observational data to gain a deeper understanding of teachers’ day-to-day practice. It gives voice to the reflections and experiences of teachers and leaders. The findings emphasize the critical role of reciprocal student–teacher relationships through three interrelated themes. Relationships of this nature not only foster student development but also enhance teachers’ sense of belonging. The study also highlights the importance of supportive collegial relationships. In particular, teachers report strong experiences of belonging when their identity as teachers and individual contributions resonate with their school’s values and educational goals.
Regulation of Liquid Self‐Transport Through Architectural‐Thermal Coupling: Transitioning From Free Surfaces to Open Channels
Authors: Dai Qingwen , Du Chengxuan , Huang Wei , Wang Xiaolei
Published: January 2025

In this work, the regulation of liquid self‐transport is achieved through architectural and thermal coupling, transitioning from free surfaces to open channels. Hierarchical structures inspired by the skin of a Texas horned lizard are designed, with the primary structure of wedged grooves and the secondary structure of capillary crura. This design enables advantages including long‐distance self‐transport, liquid storage and active reflux management on free surfaces, directional transportation, synthesis and detection of reagents in confined spaces, as well as controllable motion and enhanced heat dissipation in open channels. The regulation capacity can be precisely controlled by adjusting the secondary capillary crura and external thermal gradients. The regulation mechanism is further elucidated through microscopic flow observation and a deduced theoretical model. The proposed structures are expected to introduce a new concept for designing lubrication systems, microfluidic chips, methods for chemical synthesis, and heat transfer in the future.
Multi‐Step Assembly of an RNA‐Liposome Nanoparticle Formulation Revealed by Real‐Time, Single‐Particle Quantitative Imaging
Authors: Chung Michael C. , Mendez‐Gomez Hector R. , Soni Dhruvkumar , McGinley Reagan , Zacharia Alen , Ashbrook Jewel , Stover Brian , Grippin Adam J. , Sayour Elias J. , Guan Juan
Published: January 2025

Self‐assembly plays a critical role in nanoparticle‐based applications. However, it remains challenging to monitor the self‐assembly of multi‐component nanomaterials at a single‐particle level, in real‐time, with high throughput, and in a model‐independent manner. Here, multi‐color fluorescence microscopy is applied to track the assembly of both liposomes and mRNA simultaneously in clinical mRNA‐based cancer immunotherapy. Imaging reveals that the assembly occurs in discrete steps: initially, RNA adsorbs onto the liposomes; then, the RNA‐coated liposomes cluster into heterogeneous structures ranging from sub‐micrometer to tens of micrometers. The clustering process is consistent with a Smoluchowski model with a Brownian diffusion kernel. The transition between the two steps of assembly is determined by the orientation of RNA‐mediated interactions. Given the facile application of this approach and the ubiquity of the components studied, the imaging and analysis in this work are readily applied to monitor multi‐component assembly of diverse nanomaterials.
Normal Deviation of Gamma Processes in Random Environment With Applications
Authors: Limnios Nikolaos
Published: January 2025

We consider gamma processes of homogeneous type, which live in a random environment or media represented by a pure jump Markov process. The aim of this paper is to approximate such gamma processes by a diffusion. Since gamma processes are increasing, the diffusion approximation requires an average approximation first. This averaged process will serve as an equilibrium to the initial gamma process. We present two main results: averaging and normal deviation. An application for degradation systems in reliability modeling is discussed.
Lung Cancer Detection Using Bayesian Networks: A Retrospective Development and Validation Study on a Danish Population of High‐Risk Individuals
Authors: Henriksen Margrethe Bang , Van Daalen Florian , Wee Leonard , Hansen Torben Frøstrup , Jensen Lars Henrik , Brasen Claus Lohman , Hilberg Ole , Bermejo Inigo
Published: January 2025

Background

Lung cancer (LC) is the top cause of cancer deaths globally, prompting many countries to adopt LC screening programs. While screening typically relies on age and smoking intensity, more efficient risk models exist. We devised a Bayesian network (BN) for LC detection, testing its resilience with varying degrees of missing data and comparing it to a prior machine learning (ML) model.

Methods

We analyzed data from 9940 patients referred for LC assessment in Southern Denmark from 2009 to 2018. Variables included age, sex, smoking, and lab results. Our experiments varied missing data (0%–30%), BN structure (expert‐based vs. data‐driven), and discretization method (standard vs. data‐driven).

Results

Across all missing data levels, area under the curve (AUC) remained steady, ranging from 0.737 to 0.757, compared to the ML model's AUC of 0.77. BN structure and discretization method had minimal impact on performance. BNs were well calibrated overall, with a net benefit in decision curve analysis when predicted risk exceeded 5%.

Conclusion

BN models showed resilience with up to 30% missing values. Moreover, these BNs exhibited similar performance, calibration, and clinical utility compared to the machine learning model developed using the same dataset. Considering their effectiveness in handling missing data, BNs emerge as a relevant method for the development of future lung cancer detection models.
The Biological Activities of Ent‐Polyalthic Acid
Authors: Mizuno Cassia S. , Alves dos Santos Raquel , Nascimento Silveira Natalia
Published: January 2025

Copaiba oleoresin is one of the most popular medicines in the Amazon. Ent‐polyalthic acid (PA) is one of the diterpenes found in the oleoresin and has been shown to have several biological activities including antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and many others. Therefore, it could be used as a lead compound in the development of new drugs. This review describes in vitro and in vivo biological activities, and the mechanisms of action of PA reported in the literature. Although there are several studies, the majority reported the results of in vitro studies. Effects in humans are nonexistent since PA has not been tested in any clinical trials.
Unveiling the Potential Biological and Chemical Mechanism of Pergularia tomentosa Extracts by Liquid Chromatography‐Electrospray Ionisation‐High‐Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry, In‐Vitro and In‐Vivo Pharmacological Studies
Authors: Touahria Tatou , Zahnit Wafa , D'Urso Gilda , Khattabi Latifa , Lauro Gianluigi , Chini Maria Giovanna , Bifulco Giuseppe , Casapullo Agostino , Al‐Anazi Khalid Mashay , Farah Mohammad Abul , Ali Ahmad
Published: January 2025

By means of this investigation, we were able to ascertain some hitherto undiscovered biological activities of Pergularia tomentosa. In this study, the chemical composition of P. tomentosa extracts (aqueous PtAE and hydroalcoholic PtHE) was investigated by liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionisation‐high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐HR‐MS/MS) analysis. The extracts were evaluated for various biological features in vitro, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, urease inhibitory, and sun protection factor (SPF) capabilities. To assess the antioxidant activity of PtAE and PtHE, which was expressed as 50% inhibition and absorbance at 0.5 values, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) scavenging, ferric reducing power, and silver nanoparticle‐based assays were performed. The in vitro anti‐inflammatory impact was investigated to assess the inhibitory effect of PtAE and PtHE on albumin denaturation. Also, we established, for the first time, P. tomentosa's urease inhibitory capacity and SPF. In order to assess the in vivo biological features of PtAE and PtHE, experiments were conducted to evaluate their acute toxicity, anti‐inflammatory effects and sedative properties, which are determined for the first time. The outcomes revealed that these extracts are prolific in flavonoids and cardenolides, among other secondary metabolites. Some of these compounds are identified for the first time in the P. tomentosa plant. The findings demonstrated that PtHE was potent against DPPH● (244.43 ± 1.44 µg/mL), ABTS●+ (18.30 ± 2.11 µg/mL), and PtAE was strongly active against ferric reducing power (4.56 ± 0.80 µg/mL) and SNP (44.81 ± 1.13 µg/mL). The anti‐inflammatory potential of PtAE and PtHE is significant, and their inhibition percentages (61.57% for PtAE and 43.77% for PtHE) are comparable to the reference ibuprofen. All treated mice did not exhibit any signs of intoxication after receiving a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of PtAE and PtHE oral alternatively. PtAE and PtHE have potent anti‐inflammatory with inhibition percentages of 77.25% and 43.00%, respectively. Emphasising the sedative effect of both P. tomentosa extracts, the oral administration of the extracts produced a decrease in movement of 49.77% for the PtAE and 60.00% for the PtHE. These highlights prove the ability of PtAE and PtHE to suppress the formation of paw oedema and lower spontaneous locomotor activity in treated mice. The data gathered suggest that P. tomentosa has potential use in the pharmaceutical industries as an alternative therapy for different physiological disorders and diseases and as a therapeutic agent.
The Simultaneous Total Oxidation of Toluene, Propene, and CO Environmental Pollutants Using Bimetallic Au‐Pt/ZrO2/UVM‐7 Catalysts
Authors: Aggett Kieran J. , García Tomás , Morgan David J. , Peláez‐Fernández Mario , Mayoral Álvaro , Arenal Raul , Solsona Benjamín E. , Amorós Pedro , Taylor Stuart H.
Published: January 2025

Supported precious metal catalysts, containing either mono or bimetallic Au and Pt nanoparticles, anchored on a hierarchical porous UVM‐7 silica structure, were prepared and evaluated for the removal of volatile organic pollutants by oxidation. The catalysts were investigated for the simultaneous total oxidation of three model compounds: propene, toluene, and CO, commonly associated with “cold start pollutants” in automotive exhausts. Only Au showed low catalytic activity, while Pt nanoparticles were active, with a greater concentration of accessible Pt nanoparticles corresponding with increased catalytic activity. Interestingly, having both metals present on the same catalyst together was preferential for producing higher activity in the total oxidation of CO, propene, and toluene. The loadings of Pt nanoparticles on the catalyst surface, as well as the synthesis method, were important controlling factors. The order of metal loading deposition was influential, depositing Au and Pt sequentially resulted in surface enrichment of the latter deposited metal, leading to enhanced catalytic performance. When Au and Pt were loaded simultaneously, alloy formation occurred, and the surface Pt enrichment was more moderate, but still maintaining better catalytic performance compared with the pure Pt catalyst.
Borylative Desymmetrization of Multifunctional Haloarenes assisted by Sodium Dispersion
Authors: Ogi Ukyo , Ikeda Shuichi , Okano Kentaro , Horie Masaki , Mori Atsunori
Published: January 2025

Multiply halogenated aromatic compounds were selectively borylated by a boron alkoxide in the presence of sodium dispersion when the reaction was carried out at a low temperature, while multi‐functionalization took place at an elevated temperature. The reaction of 1,4‐dichlorobenzene with sodium dispersion (200–1200 mol%) in the presence of isopropyloxyboron pinacolate (120–240 mol%) afforded (4‐chlorophenyl)boron pinacolate in up to 84 % yield. Formation of diborylated product hardly accompanied under the reaction conditions at −78 °C for 1 h.
Unveiling Molecular Symmetry Through Twisted X‐Ray Diffraction
Authors: Moghaddasi Fereidani Roya , Tang Zilong , Yong Haiwang
Published: January 2025

The centrosymmetric constraint of Friedel's law in standard x‐ray diffraction limits its ability to reveal complex molecular symmetry. In contrast, twisted x‐ray diffraction with vortex beams, which carry orbital angular momentum, breaks Friedel's law yielding diffraction patterns that reflect the intrinsic symmetry of molecules. Through analytical derivations and numerical simulations, we demonstrate the enhanced sensitivity of twisted x‐ray diffraction to the symmetry of M‐fold symmetric molecules. Our results show that, while traditional standard x‐ray diffraction struggles to distinguish between structurally similar molecules with different symmetries, twisted x‐ray diffraction patterns can clearly differentiate these molecules. Additionally, we show that increasing the orbital angular momentum enhances the diffraction resolution and reveals finer symmetry‐specific features of the molecules. This positions twisted x‐ray diffraction as a promising tool for molecular imaging, capable of revealing intricate structures with complex symmetry.
DFT Study of the ORR Catalytic Activity of As‐Doped and As‐N Co‐Doped Graphene Substrates
Authors: Zhang Xiaoliang , Chen Tingting , Guo Jinmin , Shao Weiwei , Yan Hongfeng , He Bingling , Song Wei , Meng Qingling , Wang Jinlong , Li Xiao‐Chun
Published: January 2025

This study employs first‐principles methods to investigate the ORR catalytic activity of As‐doped and AsN co‐doped graphene. As atoms, as catalytic active sites, exhibit excellent catalytic activity. Due to the strong interaction between As and N, the stability of the As−N co‐doped substrate is enhanced. In particular, As−N4 co‐doped graphene not only demonstrates the best thermodynamic and kinetic stability, but also has an ORR overpotential of only 0.53 V. We also propose a method to predict the Gibbs free energy change of the system by calculating the adsorption energies of the adsorbates. This approach can streamline the process by eliminating the need to calculate the Gibbs free energy of the ORR system, making it highly advantageous for future studies on the ORR catalytic activity of multi‐impurity co‐doped graphene.
Design and Implementation of High Isolation Textile MIMO Antenna for Wearable Applications
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Srivastava Kunal , Kumar Sachin , Sharma Deepti , Tiwari Rakesh N. , Kandwal Abhishek , Singh Mahesh Kumar , Goyal Bhawna
Published: January 2025

This work presents a single‐layer wideband textile multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna for wearable devices. The antenna design is made up of two rectangular‐shaped monopole antennas that are mirror imaged and connected to achieve an equal voltage level in the ground surface. The antenna elements are excited by 50‐Ω microstrip feed lines. By using a triangular stub decoupling element on the ground plane, greater than 22 dB of isolation is attained among antenna elements. The suggested two‐element MIMO antenna has a bandwidth of 2.3–8.0 GHz and a dimension of 30 mm × 58 mm × 1 mm. In addition, four‐ and eight‐element MIMO geometries have been designed and analyzed for massive MIMO applications. Also, an eight‐element MIMO belt antenna for wearable straps is investigated. The effects of antenna bending on the human body are also investigated.
Effects of Initial Water Content of Membrane on Cold Start Performance of PEMFC
Authors: Lan Yang , Chen Tao , Xiao Fei , Gan Zhongyu , Zhang Ruixuan , Zhang Rufeng
Published: January 2025

The performance degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) in low‐temperature extreme environments is one of the challenges on the way to their commercialization, and it is important to investigate the performance changes of fuel cells in low‐temperature environments for their future development. In this paper, the cold‐start performance of fuel cells with different initial water content of the membrane and starting modes was compared. Lowering the initial water content of the membrane could enhance the water storage capacity of the cell and improve the cold‐starting performance of the cell, but infinitely low initial water content might cause the reverse polarity phenomenon, which would cause serious corrosion and degradation of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). In constant voltage starting mode, reducing the starting voltage could increase the heat production of the cell, but it would weaken the water storage capacity of the cell. In the constant current starting process, lowering the starting current could improve the water storage capacity of the cell, which was beneficial to the cold start of the cell. It was also found that the MEA with cold start failure had a serious performance degradation, and cold start failure needed to be avoided as much as possible.
Trendbericht Anorganische Chemie 2025: Nebengruppen‐ und Koordinationschemie
Authors: Hierlmeier Gabriele , Hadlington Terrance
Published: January 2025

Das erste heterobimetallische Dimetallocen; mit sterisch anspruchsvollen Liganden lassen sich einfach‐koordinierte Hauptgruppenverbindungen der Gruppen 13 bis 15 herstellen; neue Diazoverbindungen erlauben es, B‐R‐Einheiten und Kohlenstoffatome zu übertragen.
Chemie in der Wissenschaftskommunikation
Authors: Schneider Walter
Published: January 2025

Wie können wir breitere Bevölkerungsgruppen erreichen?
Bilanz des Jahres 2024
Authors: Käfer Katharina
Published: January 2025

Trotz Produktionsplus sank der Umsatz in der chemisch‐pharmazeutischen Industrie.
„Analysen müssen valide sein“
Authors: Pohl Barbara
Published: January 2025

Barbara Pohl ist bei Eurachem in der Arbeitsgruppe Methodenvalidierung tätig. Was sie motiviert, wie sie zu Eurachem kam und warum ihr die Arbeit Spaß macht.
Silicium im Quantencomputer
Authors: Edinger Medea
Published: January 2025

Neues Programm fördert europäische Zusammenarbeit zu Quantentechnik.
Preise für die Wissenschaft
Authors: Edinger Medea
Published: January 2025

Bachelor‐ oder Masterand:innen, Promovierende und angehende Professor:innen – jetzt bewerben oder Kandidat:innen vorschlagen.
Assessment of Potential Drug–Drug Interactions for Novel Oral Melanocortin‐1 Receptor Agonist Dersimelagon
Authors: Ogasawara Akihito , Ide Ryosuke , Inoue Shinsuke , Tsuda Minoru , Teng Renli
Published: January 2025

Dersimelagon is a novel investigational orally administered selective agonist of the melanocortin‐1 receptor. The drug–drug interaction (DDI) potential of dersimelagon was investigated in both nonclinical (in vitro) and clinical studies. The in vitro inhibition of CYP/UGT isoforms and efflux/uptake transporters by dersimelagon was assessed. The impact of 300‐mg dersimelagon on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of substrate drugs and the effect of co‐administering verapamil on 100‐mg dersimelagon PK (as substrate drug) were investigated in healthy participants in a Phase 1 study. DDIs were assessed based on ratios of Cmax and AUC0‐∞ of substrate drug administered alone and with dersimelagon (or verapamil). Relatively potent in vitro inhibition of CYP2C9, CYP3A, UGT1A1, BCRP, P‐gp, and OATPs by dersimelagon was observed. In the clinical study, exposures of atorvastatin (CYP3A, P‐gp, BCRP, OATP substrate) rosuvastatin (BCRP and OATP substrate), and β‐hydroxy simvastatin (metabolite of simvastatin) increased 2‐ to 3‐fold (atorvastatin: Cmax LS mean ratio = 198.0%; AUC0‐∞ ratio = 196.6%; rosuvastatin: Cmax ratio = 316.5%, AUC0‐∞ ratio = 206.0%) when co‐administered with dersimelagon. Midazolam (CYP3A substrate), digoxin (P‐gp), pravastatin (OATP), and simvastatin (CYP3A) did not show any clinically relevant DDI effects when co‐administered with dersimelagon. Dersimelagon exposure increased ~25% when co‐administered with verapamil, an effect not considered clinically relevant. Dersimelagon 300 mg did not elicit major DDIs involving CYP/UGT enzymes and drug transporters; however, dersimelagon may have potential for clinically relevant DDIs with drugs that are substrates for BCRP, such as atorvastatin and rosuvastatin, and caution should be exercised when co‐administering 300‐mg dersimelagon with these statin drugs.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04793295, NCT04402489, NCT04440592, NCT02834442, NCT03520036, NCT03503266
Target gene selection for sprayable dsRNA‐based biopesticide against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Wang Yifei , Duan Yuanpeng , Liu Meibin , Ren Meifeng , Gao Yue , Liu Zhongfang , Zhang Pengjiu , He Lifei , Fan Renjun , Zhou Xuguo , Yang Jing
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Because of the excessive use of synthetic chemicals, the two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, a highly polyphagous pest, has developed comprehensive resistance to a broad spectrum of pesticides with diverse modes of action, raising severe concerns over agroecosystems and human health. To resolve this emerging issue, we initiated a project to develop double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA)‐based biopesticides against T. urticae, aiming for a species‐specific and sustainable pest management alternative.

RESULTS

To examine the uptake of dsRNAs using the egg‐soaking delivery method, we fluorescently labeled extraneous dsRNAs, and later showed that T. urticae dsRNAs can permeate through eggshell in a time‐dependent manner within the first 24 h. For target gene screening, silencing of Prosbeta‐1 and ‐5 resulted in the highest mortality (>90%) and a dark body phenotype in T. urticae. Notably, each target gene was effective in both avermectin laboratory susceptible and field resistant populations. As such, Prosbeta‐5 was selected as the candidate target gene for subsequent spray‐induced gene silencing (SIGS). After two rounds of spray at day 5 and day 12, SIGS led to a substantial suppression of T. urticae populations (>90%).

CONCLUSION

Our combined results suggest viable molecular targets, confirm the feasibility of SIGS against T. urticae, and lay the foundation for the development of dsRNA‐based biopesticides to control this devastating pest. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Synthesis and Supercapacitor Performance of Boron‐Doped Phenolic Resin‐Based Mesoporous Carbon
Authors: Bai Zhi‐Yan , Yang Fu , Sun Li‐Juan , Jia Yan‐Ming , Xie Yu‐Long
Published: January 2025

The introduction of electron‐donating heteroatoms into mesoporous carbon is a strategy to significantly alter the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. In this study, boron‐doped mesoporous carbon spheres are synthesized by a high‐temperature hydrothermal method, and boric acid is added during micro polymerization of phenol‐formaldehyde resin microspheres to introduce boron atoms into the carbon backbone. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations and N2 adsorption tests verify the formation of a large number of mesopores in the porous carbon microspheres. The boron‐doped mesoporous carbon has a specific surface area of 1458 m2g−1. It possesses a specific capacitance in the three‐electrode regime of 212.65 F g−1 (at 0.5 A g−1) in the three‐electrode system. The supercapacitor device provided an energy density of 6.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 149.9 W kg−1. The capacitance retention after 5,000 cycles was 116.8%.
Marking 20 years of LGBT+ History Month
Authors: McCarroll Charlotte
Published: January 2025

BVLGBT+ president Charlotte McCarroll reflects on the importance of role models as LGBT+ History Month gets underway.
Message from the President
Authors: Mullineaux Liz
Published: January 2025

Liz Mullineaux describes how BVA and BVA members are working hard to combat some of the negative narrative that has emerged about the veterinary profession recently.