bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors and Outcomes of Employee Engagement: Empirical Study of Nepali Employees
Authors: Chhetri Sabina Baniya
Published: October 2017

Engaged employees are the most sought-after resources in organizations across the globe. Efforts have been made by academicians and management consultants to help organizations understand the dynamics of Employee Engagement. Little is known, though, about Employee Engagement and its predictors and outcomes in the context of Nepali organizations. This study examined the relationship between predictors and outcomes of Employee Engagement among employees of Nepali organizations and tested its mediating effects. The study was conducted among 158 employees working in various organizations. Correlation, multiple regression, and bootstrapping methods were used to test the hypothesized relationships. The results in general found support for all the hypothesized relationships between predictor variables, viz.: Person-Organization Fit (P-O), Perceived Organizational Support (POS), and Employee Engagement. Likewise, Employee Engagement and outcome variables: Job satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB) were related too. Employee Engagement fully mediated the relationship between P-O Fit and OCB, POS and OCB, and POS and CWB while partially mediated the relationship between P-O Fit and Job satisfaction, P-O Fit and CWB and POS and Job satisfaction. The findings are discussed and implications identified.
Workplace Spirituality and Employee Attitudes: Moderating Role of Organizational Politics
Authors: Shrestha Arjun Kumar
Published: October 2017

There is growing interest in examining the influence of workplace spirituality (WPS) on employee attitudes. However, there is still lack of studies that examine the relationships between WPS and employee attitudes and moderating effect of other variables on these relationships. This study examined the relationships between WPS and two job attitude variables – job satisfaction and job involvement. It also examined the moderating effect of perceptions of organizational politics (POP) on these relationships. Survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 500 employees working in two Nepali organizations, of which 480 questionnaires were used for further analysis. Structural equation modeling and multiple moderated regression analyses were used to test the hypothesized relationships. Results indicated that WPS is significantly positively related to job satisfaction and job involvement and POP moderates the relationship between WPS and job involvement. Research implications are discussed and limitations of the study are highlighted.
Components of Celebrity Endorsement Affecting Brand Loyalty of Nepali Customers
Authors: Baniya Rojan
Published: October 2017

This study investigates the direct effect of components of celebrity endorsement (physical attractiveness, source creditability and celebrity brand matchup) on brand loyalty (attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty). 220 general customers of branded products participated in the study. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to test hypotheses. Our result shows that physical attractiveness, source credibility expertise and celebrity brand match up has positive impact on developing attitude towards the brand. However, only physical attractiveness and celebrity brand matchup are associated with purchase intention. Practical and research implications of the findings are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.
Dynamic online antimicrobial guideline with stewardship program: Impact on antimicrobial prescribing
Authors: Sultana Syeda Papia , Rahman Md. Sayedur
Published: October 2017

Dynamic online antimicrobial guideline with stewardship program was attempted in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) to improve the antimicrobial prescribing. The prescribing pattern was evaluated by retrospective prescription audit. Overall 59.4% of admitted patients of four selected departments received antimicrobials. Highest (81.9%) was in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, followed by Surgery (78.5%), Internal Medicine (47.6%) and Pediatrics (46.7%). After launching of guideline, antimicrobial prescribing was significantly reduced in the Department of Internal Medicine (47.6% to 22.2%; p<0.01) and Pediatrics (50.0% to 40.0%; p<0.01). Significant (p<0.05 to p<0.001) change was observed with different antimicrobials in different departments. Consumption of cefixime (8.5 ± 3.7 to 3.9 ± 2.5; p<0.05) and ceftriaxone (6.9 ± 3.4 to 3.1 ± 2.2; p<0.005) was reduced significantly in Internal Medicine. The adherence to guideline was highest in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (91.3%) followed by Pediatrics (86.3%) and Internal Medicine (81.2%).
Effects of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa bloom on liver of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Ahmed Sumaiya , Giese Bernd , Schulz Volker , Ahmed Md Sagir
Published: October 2017

The effects of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa on the liver of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus were investigated in the laboratory. Four treatments were setup into aquariums for 15 days to investigate the histopathological changes exposed to Microcystis aeruginosa bloom. Fishes of treatment A1 were treated as a control group and given artificial feed. In the three treatments (A2, A3 and A4), the M. aeruginosa cell concentration were 35 × 102, 72 × 102, 149 × 102 colony/ml, respectively. In the control group, no histopathological change was observed. In exposed fish, histopathological alterations were characterized by swollen and granular cytoplasm, vascular proliferation, bile stasis, fatty change and focal necrosis. Histopathological changes were observed within five days of exposure when fish exposed to moderate (72 × 102 colony/ml) to high (149 × 102 colony/ml) bloom concentration, whereas it took 15 days in lower concentration (35 × 102 colony/ml). Histopathological changes proved that intake of toxic M. aeruginosa bloom by aquatic animals, particularly Nile tilapia has significant effects on its internal organs that may cause of massive mortality. Accordingly, cyanotoxin accumulation in fish tissue my pose a risk to human health through the food chain.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(1): 1-10, 2017
Fish species diversity, fishing gears and crafts from the Buriganga river, Dhaka
Authors: Baki Mohammad Abdul , Hossain Md Muzammel , Bhouiyan Naser Ahmed , Asaduzzaman Md
Published: October 2017

Fish species, fishing gear and crafts in the most polluted river Buriganga were inventorial. During December, 2012 to November, 2013, a total of 56 fish species belonging to 20 families and 9 orders were recorded. Cypriniformes observed to be the most dominant order with 18 species (32%). The highest fish diversity was recorded during monsoon season, and lowest during winter. Maximum diversity variance (7.616 ± 2.76 Sd) observed in the monsoon season for 56 species (220 individuals). Also 12 different types of gears of two categories (active and passive) and two types of crafts were observed to be used for fishing in the study area. The highest number of species of fishes (n = 56) recorded in August and lowest (n = 3) in April and May 2013. Strong correlation between water depth and number of fish species (r = 0.74) and fishing activities (r = 0.96) was observed.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(1): 11-26, 2017
Growth and yield of monosex tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in floating cages fed commercial diet supplemented with probiotics in freshwater pond, Sylhet
Authors: Begum N , Islam MS , Haque AKMF , Suravi IN
Published: October 2017

The effect of probiotics mixed with floating feed on the growth and production of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus over a period of 120 days was evaluated. Four treatments were T1 (super biotic probiotics), T2 (biozyme probiotics), T3 (zymetin probiotics) and T4 (control) with three replicates. Higher growth of tilapia was found in T3 (272.78 g) followed by T2 (242.56 g), T1 (222.76 g) and T4 (199.35 g). The highest gross yield (8.82 kg m-3) was achieved in T3 compared to T2 (7.78 kg m-3), T1 (7.23 kg m-3) and T4 (6.35 kg m-3), which is manifolds higher than the earthen pond yield of tilapia in Bangladesh. The highest net profit (TK. 401.0 m-3) was obtained in T3 and the lowest (TK. 119.0 m-3) was in control (T4). Results suggest that probiotics can be used in feed to increase fish production.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(1): 27-36, 2017
Seaweed Hypnea sp. culture in Coxs Bazar coast, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Mohidul , Khan Md Shahzad Kuli , Hasan Jakia , Mallick Debbrota , Hoq Md Enamul
Published: October 2017

The culture of a red seaweed Hypnea sp. in three locations of Coxs Bazar coast, Saint Martin Island, Inani and Bakkhali with net method of 4 × 4 m coir rope net was evaluated. Seaweed was partially harvested at 15 days interval during December 2015 to January 2016. Daily growth rate of cultured Hypnea sp. was significantly higher (3.21 ± 0.01% day-1) in Saint Martin while Inani had the lowest (0.41 ± 0.06% day-1). Biomass yield of Hypnea sp. (3.81 ± 0.04 kg fresh wt.m?2) gained highest in Saint Martin than in Bakkhali (3.34 ± 0.10) and Inani (2.70 ± 0.02). Growth rate of seaweeds had a significant correlation with NO3-N (p < 0.05) but not with PO4-P. Culture of seaweed along those sites added a new dimension of prospect and possibility of seaweed mariculture in Bangladesh coast.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(1): 37-46, 2017
Diversity of ichthyofauna of Feni and Muhuri rivers, Feni, Bangladesh
Authors: Yeasmin Sumana , Latifa Gulshan Ara , Chowdhury Gawsia Wahidunnessa
Published: October 2017

Diversity of ichthyofauna of Feni and Muhuri rivers was studied from April, 2015 to March 2016. The selected rivers were surveyed to cover the wet season (April 2015-September 2015) and the dry season (October 2015-March 2016). A total of 65 freshwater fish species belonging to 11 orders, 29 families were recorded from the two rivers. Of the 65 species, 12 species were threatened, and one species was identified as data deficient according to IUCN Bangladesh. Perciformes was recorded as most dominating order (19 species, among the 54 species recorded) in Feni river, whereas the Cypriniformes was recorded as the dominating order (17 species among the 42 species recorded from this river) in Muhuri river. Corica soborna was the most common species with the highest number of individuals in comparison to other fish species recorded from two rivers in both wet and dry seasons. Calculating the Shannon-Weiner and Simpsons indices of diversity and species evenness, highest number of species and individuals were found in the wet season while minimum in the dry season from both the rivers.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(1): 47-60, 2017
Effects of supplemented diets on the growth performance and nutrient contents of gulsha tengra, Mystus cavasius
Authors: Fatema Kaniz , Islam Md Farukul , Sultana Nahid , Saha Badhan
Published: October 2017

To evaluate the effects of two diets on the growth performance and nutrient contents of gulsha, Mystus cavasius was conducted. Growth performance of gulsha was found maximum in rice bran and spirulina feed (treatment T1) and the lowest was observed in commercial feed (treatment T2). Specific growth rate of gulsha was higher in treatment T1 than treatment T2. Treatment T1 had the best proximate composition (moisture 77.28%, ash 3.45%, lipid 4.31% and protein content 15.05%) and nutrient contents (calcium 115.6 mg/100g, phosphorous 166.7 mg/100g, potassium 207.23 mg/100g, magnesium 25.97 mg/100g, iron 1.85 mg/100g and manganese 0.23mg/100g). Therefore, it was found to be better option to produce healthy fish for human consumption.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(1): 61-71, 2017
Prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis, risk factors and associated disorders: Knowledge of inhabitants and professionals in Fulbaria, Mymensingh
Authors: Bhowmick Anindita Rani , Khanum Hamida
Published: October 2017

A total of 215 cases were recorded from the rural areas of Fulbaria upazila during June 2015 to May 2016. The prevalence of kala-azar was higher in male (51.22%) than female (36.96%). In the area, 10.1 - 20 years age group was the most prevalent group and the prevalence was found to decrease with the increase of age. Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) was developed in 38.14% of kala-azar patients of Fulbaria upazila. The prevalence of kala-azar was found 63.89% in mud house dwellers and when living in tin shed house but with earthen floor, the prevalence was 58.79%. On the other hand, 10.31% had single infection with kala-azar, 21.65% had double infection and 68.04% had multiple infection. Living in proximity to prior case, climatic change, racked mud house, humid area, cattle sheds made of cracked mud walls, lack of awareness and knowledge regarding kala azar were the risk factors. Total 45 professionals were interviewed in the Upazila Health Complex and Upazila Sub-Centers of the study area through a preset questionnaire. Of them, 71.11% had the appropriate acquaintance about the agent (Leishmania donovani) of kala-azar and 35.29% professionals had the correct comprehension regarding the reservoir of kala-azar (man). Most of them (91.11%) recommended rK 39 dipstick test as the single most important diagnostic blood test and Miltefosine and Amphotericin B are the most recommended drugs for treatment of kala-azar.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(1): 73-83, 2017
Risk and coping mechanisms of the carp spawn fishing community of the Halda river, Bangladesh
Authors: Akhtar Aysha , Islam Md Tarikul , Islam Md Shafiqul , Mia Muhammad Moznu , Bhuyan Md Simul , Kibria Md Manzoorul , Muhammad Sharif Abu Sayeed , Kamal Abu Hena Mustafa
Published: October 2017

To assess the livelihood risks and coping mechanisms of the spawn fishing community of the Halda river, Chittagong, Bangladesh was conducted. Four areas, namely Ankurighona, Gorduara, Madarimukh and Madunaghat were selected on the basis of the aggregation of spawn fishers. A structured questionnaire survey was made on 152 spawn fishers in two categories i.e. boat owner and hired laborers to collect primary data. Three major man-made risks, namely catch of brood fish, non-functioning sluice gates and cutting of river bends related to egg collection were mentioned by the spawn fishers while salinity intrusion, river erosion and fluctuation in weather variables were found as the main natural risks. Willingness to continue egg collection despite the risks was disagreed by most of the respondents while those who were found to continue egg collection mentioned their driving forces as high profit, tradition and hobby. The respondents expressed that they cannot take any measures to mitigate the risks of salinity intrusion, weather fluctuation, mortality of spawn, non-functioning sluice gates, cutting of river bends and political influences. However, informing police and raising awareness to stop illegal catch of brood, construction of proper sluice gates, stop further cutting of river bends and rehabilitation of erosion victims were mentioned as probable solutions.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(1): 85-96, 2017
Occurrence of a huntsman spider Olios lamarcki Latreille, 1806 (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Sparassidae) from Nijhum dwip, Bangladesh
Authors: Akash Muntasir , Jahan Nusrat , Badhon Mahatub Khan
Published: October 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J. Zool. 45(1): 97-100, 2017
Bioethical Principals In The Conduct Of Doctors
Authors: Ribeiro Dilza Teresinha Ambrós , Gallo José Hiran , Rêgo Guilhermina
Published: October 2017

Objective: The present study aims gather further information towards the practice of medicine, particularly regarding bioethical principles, which are essential for the full and correct medical practice all over the world.

Method: This study is a theoretical essay on the bioethical principles related to the professional activity of medical doctors. Therefore, it was carried out a non-systematic review of the literature, which allows a critical analysis of this issue.

Results: Through considering the theoretical guidelines there is a close relationship between the principle of respect for persons and human dignity itself. Also the results of this study suggest that respect for persons, namely personal autonomy, is steadily protected by means of constitutional and infra-constitutional norms.

Conclusion: For these principles to be effective it is indispensable to have common efforts between the political power and overall society, so that public policies may be implemented to favor patients in the healthcare setting. Also the continuous training of physicians is needed for an adequate application of universal bioethical principles.
The Palatalisation of /ʤ/ into /j/ in Emirati Arabic (EA): A Rule-Governed or Random Alternation?
Authors: Hassan Hodan Mohamoud
Published: October 2017

This study aims to investigate a phonological phenomenon that occurs in Emirati Arabic (EA), whereby the voiced palato-alveolar affricate /ʤ/ changes into the voiced palatal approximate (glide) /j/. In particular, this study attempts to determine whether this phonological alternation is triggered by a certain phonological environment, or whether it occurs randomly without any rule. It also endeavours to examine the hypothesis that this phonological phenomenon was borrowed from other Arabic dialects spoken in the Gulf through language contact.
Wage Premiums Across the Rural-Urban Continuum: What Constitutes a “Good Job”?
Authors: Bounds Bonnie Elizabeth
Published: October 2017

Much like how beauty is in the eye of the beholder, there is no single definition of what constitutes a “good job.”  What makes a given job “good” in relation to other jobs can differ in rural vs. urban areas: a job that pays relatively well compared to other available jobs in a rural area may not compare as favorably in more urbanized areas, and vice versa.  While plenty of research has been done regarding wage differences in urban and rural areas, most studies have focused on how wages vary across the urban-rural continuum within specific jobs, with relatively little attention paid to how wage premiums can vary across occupations within particular communities.  This study examines variations in wage premiums across five major occupational categories in metropolitan, micropolitan, and noncore US counties and tests whether population size and levels of education are good predictors of wage premiums in each size class.  The results indicate that certain categories of occupations do pay relatively better or worse according to the degree of rurality, although population size and education were not exceptionally good at predicting wage premiums.
Exploratory Research on Protective Factors Associated with Youth Offending: The Case of East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Tilaye Sintayehu
Published: October 2017

The youths have consistently been hypothesized to be disproportionately responsible for crime and are more vulnerable to violence than any other age group which is costing the community billions of dollars per year, creates a sense of fear and lowers the quality of life for many people. In the first section of this paper, risk factors of youth offending were studied. This research deals on protective factors of youth offending in East Gojjam Zone which is located in Amhara Regional state of Ethiopia. Led by constructionist approach, this research used qualitative exploratory case study strategy. In-depth interview with youth offenders and non-offenders, key informant interview with officials mainly from police and correctional center were the central data collection technique. In addition, document review was also used to get any supportive data from various offices and researches. Generally sixteen youth offenders and thirteen key informants, a total of twenty eight participants were participated. None probability sampling method of purposive sampling technique was employed to select the research participants. Age, gender, and social setting of rural vs. urban were considered to select research participants and get comprehensive information. The finding of the study shows that economic improvement including employment opportunities, increased level of awareness, affiliation to law-abiding youths, consistent parental supervision, family stability and free familial relationship, proper family socialization, adequate income of the family, youth’s steady enrollment to school, and provision of extra circular activities are protective factors of youth offending. In addition, separated rehabilitation center for adolescent and adult, , economic development of the community, limiting the accessibility of alcohol and guns, strong culture against crime, strengthening traditional conflict resolution mechanism, expansion of youth centers with possible services, well equipped lawyers and police officials, strong organized community policing strategy, and improved rehabilitation service are also another opportunities found that reduce the risk factor of youth offending behavior. The finding shows that those multi-level personal, peer, familial, school, cultural, and community level opportunistic factors are not exclusive rather interdependent. Therefore, in order to reduce youths’ involvement in offending behavior, stockholders could work collaboratively.
An Investigation into the Role of Employer and Management Representatives during Collective Conciliation: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Ige Adejoke Yemisi
Published: October 2017

The International Labour Organisation describes ADR as a set of processes that comprise of negotiation, conciliation, mediation and arbitration. This description includes a set of approaches to settling disputes, which in practice vary significantly in terms of their nature and use from one institutional context to another. ADR has been analysed by some scholars as a means of bringing workplace justice to more people at lower cost and with greater speed than conventional government channels. Within the context of ADR, conciliation is seen as one of the most common and important forms of dispute resolution. Although there is a rising interest in the extent of and outcomes of conciliation, its nature in some contexts remains underexplored. This study presents empirical evidence collated among employer, management and trade union representatives as well as other stakeholders that have a role to play in collective conciliation in Nigeria. The study is qualitative due to its suitability for generating data and gathering rich and robust information. A total of twenty-three interviews were conducted between May 2015 and March 2016. The findings of this study reveal the impact of the independence and objectivity of ADR institutions while carrying out their responsibilities. It establishes that management and trade union interactions during conciliation are characterised by lack of trust, lack of confidence, fear and anxiety. It demonstrates how the attitude of management during negotiation can be attributed to their perception of the behaviour and demeanour of trade unions and conciliators. Lastly, the study affirms the link between the mind-set and approaches of the actors and highlights its connection to the actions and behaviour of trade union and management representatives during their interactions as evident within the Nigerian context.
Performance Appraisal and Employee Productivity in Plateau State Internal Revenue Service, Nigeria
Authors: Zayum Solomon Sumumma , Aule Oravee , Hangeior A. A.
Published: October 2017

The study examined the effect of Performance Appraisal on Employee Productivity in Plateau State Internal Revenue Service. The study was guided by two objectives and two null hypotheses of no significant relationship. The study adopts survey research design. The population of the study consists of all 1580 employees of PSIRS. The sample size of the study was 319; this was determined using Taro Yamane formula. The sample size was allocated to the population using Bourley’s Proportional formula. The instrument of data collection was a structured questionnaire. The instrument was subjected to face and content validity. Cronbach alpha method was used to establish the internal consistency of the questionnaire items. A reliability coefficient of 0.85 was obtained. Data collected were analyzed using frequency, percentages and tables. Logit regression model was used to assess the nature and degree of relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. Log likelihood ratio Chi-square and Log likelihood estimates were used to test model fit of the 2 hypotheses for the study; the z-statistics test was also used to test the independent variables influence on the dependent variable. The study revealed that management by objectives and 360 degree feedback appraisal techniques enhanced employee productivity in PSIRS. It was recommended that, PSIRS should enforce management by objectives in order to enable staff participate in organizational goal setting and understand areas of responsibility so as to further improve productivity. The 360 degree feedback appraisal techniques should also be encouraged to serve as pre-requisite for supervisors and employees to discuss organizational weaknesses, productivity standards and areas of improvement.
Patterns of Lymph Node Recurrence in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases after Surgery: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yong Tuck Leong , Houli Nezor , Starkey Graham , Nikfarjam Mehrdad , Jones Robert , Fink Michael , Muralidharan V. , Perini Marcos , Christophi Chris
Published: October 2017

Background: Hepatic resection is the standard treatment for resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases. There is evidence that lymphatics play a role in disease recurrence post-surgery. The aim of this retrospective study is to assess patterns of lymph node recurrence after liver resection. Methods: Patients who had liver resection for colorectal cancer metastasis between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2015 at 2 institutions in Melbourne, Australia were included. Data was collected from databases located at the 2 surgical centres.Results: Seventy-four patients were included in the study. Follow-up period was for a mean of 31.4 months. Lymph node recurrence was seen in 39.2% of patients during follow-up. Initial recurrence sites after hepatectomy was mainly in visceral-site only. Lymph node recurrences became more prominent during subsequent Recurrence Stages (RS) (RS1 – 22.4%, RS2 – 50.0%, RS3 – 50.0%, RS4 – 71.4%, RS5 – 66.7%, and RS6 – 0%). No predictive factor showed statistically significant relation to development of nodal recurrence. Conclusion: Lymph node recurrences after hepatic resection for liver metastases usually occur subsequent to a visceral-site only metastasis. There is no predictive factor as to which nodal group would be involved due to the complexity of liver lymphatic drainage.
The Effect of Group Dynamics-Oriented Instruction on Developing Iranian EFL Learners’ Speaking Ability and Willingness to Communicate
Authors: Alikhani Mohsen , Bagheridoust Esmaeil
Published: October 2017

The study investigated how group-dynamics instruction techniques of adaptable nature can be to the benefit of EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners so as to develop and improve their willingness- to- communicate and speaking- ability in the long run. After analyzing the data via ANCOVA and EFA, the researcher selected 108 young Iranian male and female EFL learners in a language school in Tehran by means of convenient sampling technique. This investigation shows how EFL learners reacted to Group-Dynamics Oriented Instruction (GDOI). Later, the researchers instructed speaking tasks along with improving the learner’s willingness to communicate. TOEFL PBT Test was run among participants for homogeneity purposes, and then the researchers used two parallel speaking section of PET test along with WTC questionnaire before and after the treatment process. The findings of the study bore witness to hypotheses of the study, indicating that GDOI was reliably effective in improving speaking ability and uplifting willingness to communicate. In the same line of analysis, the researcher proved that GDOI has improved EFL learner’s willingness to communicate since GDOI provoked and triggered energy, interest, and inclination to partake in discussions in learners. As its effects on speaking ability were concerned, the results were interpreted as showing that GDOI would exert changes to L2 learners’ conceptual and psychological predispositions that, in return, would determine the strategies and behaviors the learners employ to address the challenges of L2 learning.
A Review on Language Learner Autonomy Research in China (2006-2016): Based on 12 Key Domestic Journals
Authors: Ou Chuying
Published: October 2017

Since the implementation of the 2001 curriculum reform and the release of the 2004 college English requirements, learner autonomy has become one of the most important research themes in the field of ELT in China, especially college English, reflecting the tendency of a learner-centered teaching approach. In this paper, I have reviewed 39 studies about language learner autonomy from 133 articles selected in key journals targeting language education published in mainland China from 2006 to 2016, so as to see what have been the features of related research through the years. In the review process, it is found that influencing factors, improving methods as well as evaluation approaches of learner autonomy have been the dominant themes that attract Chinese researchers’ concern. Among them, improving methods of language learner autonomy have drawn even more attention from Chinese scholars, which have mainly addressed issues related to teachers, learner training and autonomous learning environment. It is also observed that empirical studies have been dominant through the decade and more types of students have been involved in research. However, I also note that there is still deficiency with such studies of language learner autonomy, so suggestions are provided for researchers in the field.
An Instability Phenomenon in Hele-Shaw Displacements
Authors: Pasa Gelu
Published: October 2017

We study the linear instability of the displacement of an Oldroyd-B fluid by air in a Hele-Shaw cell, motivated by possible applications in Secondary Oil Recovery (SOR) process. Most numerical methodshave usually failed when the Weissenberg numbers $W_i$ (appearing in the constitutive relations) are near 1. We get an approximate formula of the growth rate with a blow-up for some particular $W_i =O(1)$. Therefore the instability at large Weissenberg numbers is due to the model, and not to the   computational methods. Our growth rate is quite similar to  Saffman-Taylor's formula (obtained when a Newtonian liquid is displaced by air) if $W_1=W_2$.
Drivers of Labour Productivity in Flower Farms in Naivasha, Kenya
Authors: Mose Jared Isaboke
Published: October 2017

Although Kenya is the most successful producer and exporter of fresh produce and flowers in sub-Saharan Africa, other countries both in Africa and elsewhere, offer strong competition that could erode export market share in future. Increased labor productivity is crucial for Kenya’s competitiveness. This study aimed at examining the key drivers of labour productivity in flower farms in Naivasha, Kenya. Descriptive survey design was employed and stratified proportionate random sampling technique used to select 381 respondents from who data was collected using a questionnaire. A log-linearized Cobb-Douglas model was used examine determinants of labour productivity. The results showed that workers’ participation in Labor unions, Information & Communication Technology and workers’ skills acquired through training were the major factors that determined labour productivity by 35.4 percent, 19 percent and 14.7 percent respectively. While worker’s wage increase and tools used by a worker influenced labour productivity by 9 percent and 11.4 percent respectively. Worker’s level of education and worker’s experience also increased labour productivity by 5.1 percent and 4 percent respectively. The study recommends that; the Kenyan government should give special attention to education to produce skilled and innovative workers. Flower Farms should invest more in training of workers to acquire relevant skills, acquisition of appropriate tools; improve ICT infrastructure and support labor union in the flower farms.
Razão ótima e efetividade de hedge do etanol hidratado nos contratos futuros de commodities sucroalcooleiras
Authors: Santos Ramon Rodrigues dos , Maia Sinézio Fernandes
Published: October 2017

O presente estudo teve como objetivo calcular a razão ótima e efetividade do cross hedging entre o etanol hidratado spot e os contratos futuros de etanol hidratado negociado na BM&FBovespa e de açúcar n. 11 negociado na Bolsa de Nova Iorque, com a finalidade de buscar alternativas eficazes aos hedgers e por consequência, mitigar os riscos originados pelas oscilações não esperadas na cotação desta commodity no mercado à vista. Para isso, buscou-se aplicar o Modelo de Variância Mínima, estimado por Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários, no período entre 17/05/2010 à 31/12/2015, devido ao lançamento dos contratos futuros de etanol hidratado com liquidação financeira na BM&FBovespa, totalizando, junto às outras cotações, 4.124 observações. Os resultados evidenciaram que as efetividades de hedge com o ativo subjacente e cross hedge nestes mercados não seriam adequadas como uma alternativa de proteção ideal aos agentes de mercado, uma vez que a relação ao etanol spot com o seu ativo subjacente negociado no mercado futuro e o Açúcar n. 11, é praticamente nula e que apenas 1% da comercialização do produto no mercado spot deveriam ser fixados em contratos futuros do Açúcar n. 11 na ICE Futures e 4% em contratos futuros do etanol hidratado negociado na BM&FBovespa.
Impacto da estrutura de capital no EVAÂ® dos bancos listados na BM&F BOVESPA
Authors: Assis José do Socorro , Pereira Max D'Angelo , Dos Santos José Odálio , De Godoi Alexandre Franco , Esotico João Oswaldo
Published: October 2017

Os fatores determinantes da geração de resultados e da estrutura de capital nas Instituições Financeiras têm sido temas amplamente discutidos nas Finanças Corporativas. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar o impacto da estrutura de capital na agregação de riqueza aos supridores de capital, considerando-se dois grupos de bancos com ações negociadas na BM&FBOVESPA: (i) grande porte e (ii) médio porte. Com base em uma amostra de nove bancos, sendo três de grande porte e seis de médio porte, e considerando os dados semestrais obtidos nas Demonstrações Financeiras entre 2009 a 2014, período após a crise bancária de 2008, são testadas três hipóteses com a utilização de técnicas estatísticas de regressão linear e quadrática, correlação de Pearson e valor-p. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva e com metodologia empírico-analítica, utilizando-se das medidas de Índice de Alavancagem (IA) e Economic Value Added (EVA®). Os resultados indicam para características próprias nos grupos estudados. O grupo de bancos de grande porte apresentou alta explicação da geração de EVA® a partir de sua estrutura de capital. Em contrapartida, no grupo de bancos de médio porte a estrutura de capital não apresentou capacidade de explicação para a geração de EVA®, contudo, a pesquisa identificou outros dois fatores com capacidade de explicação neste grupo: (i) as despesas de Provisão para Créditos em Liquidação Duvidosa (PCLD) e (ii) o indicador de eficiência operacional. A justificativa deste trabalho baseia-se na relevância e atualidade do tema para a comunidade acadêmica e pela representatividade da atividade bancária no desenvolvimento econômico do país.
Análise da viabilidade econômica e financeira para implantação de um aterro sanitário no município de Cabaceiras do Paraguaçu (BA)
Authors: Martins Luís Oscar Silva , Da Silva Quézia Pinto
Published: October 2017

O manejo dos resíduos sólidos urbanos constitui-se em um dos maiores desafios enfrentados pelas administrações públicas, pois, estes, quando não armazenados de forma adequada, podem causar danos tanto à saúde humana, quanto degradação ambiental. Visando promover melhorias para o Brasil em relação ao destino dado ao lixo urbano, o Governo Federal instituiu a Lei Nº 12.305 de 2010 acerca da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), onde por meio desta, proíbe os municípios de destinarem os resíduos a vazadouros a céu aberto, os populares lixões, e, a obrigatoriedade para a implantação de um aterro sanitário. O município de Cabaceiras do Paraguaçu-BA, localizado no Recôncavo Baiano, por não possuir um aterro sanitário, transporta seus resíduos para o município de Muritiba-Ba. Assim, o objetivo principal dessa pesquisa é analisar a viabilidade econômica e financeira para implantação de um aterro sanitário no município supracitado. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos o estudo, em relação ao delineamento, trata-se de um estudo de caso, uma vez que, analisa uma situação concreta, numa localidade específica. A natureza da pesquisa é descritiva, pois tem a finalidade de apenas registrar e analisar os fenômenos técnicos, sem, contudo, entrar nos méritos dos resultados encontrados. A abordagem, por sua vez, é de natureza qualitativa, pois esta se insere no contexto social do município. Para alcance do proposto, foram utilizadas ferramentas de engenharia econômica, a exemplo de Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR) e o prazo de recuperação do investimento (PAYBACK). A partir dos resultados obtidos compreende-se que para a implantação de um aterro sanitário de pequeno porte no município é necessário uma área de 10.000 km2 com capacidade para receber até 100 toneladas de lixo por dia. Quanto à análise econômica e financeira do projeto foram realizadas projeções para 10 anos (cenários para administração pública) e 15 anos (cenários para concessão privada). A análise de viabilidade para primeiro cenário provável (administração pública) e para o terceiro cenário provável (concessão privada), não foi satisfatória, uma vez que o VPL apresentou valores negativos. Já no segundo cenário (administração pública), e no quarto cenário (concessão privada), otimistas, o projeto foi viável, devido à manipulação de algumas variáveis.
Análise de variáveis que afetam o retorno das ações de empresas do setor energético brasileiro
Authors: Damke Berenice Righi , Nardy André , Santos Jose Odalio dos , Montini Mario José
Published: October 2017

Este artigo analisa a relação entre o excesso de retorno acima do ativo livre de risco de ações de empresas do setor energético brasileiro, listadas na BM&F Bovespa, com: (i) preço do petróleo (Crude Oil Brent), (ii) preço do óleo diesel, (iii) índices macroeconômicos (taxa de juros; variação cambial Real/USD; IPCA; EMBI+; consumo de energia), (iv) indicadores da própria companhia (beta e Volume Ratio da ação, e índices Preço/Lucro, Sharpe, Jensen e Treynor), e (v) dummy referente a notícias sobre a “operação Lava Jato”, da Polícia Federal. Utiliza-se séries históricas longas, de setembro/1999 a março/2015, visando analisar a influência destes indicadores nos retornos das ações ordinárias e preferenciais da Petrobrás e da CEMIG – as mais representativas em seu setor, responsáveis por 7,6% da atual capitalização da bolsa brasileira. Há diferenças importantes nas variáveis explicativas do modelo para os períodos pré e pós crise dos mercados financeiros globais, entre o segundo semestre de 2007 e março/2009, em especial para o preço do petróleo, relevante para explicar os retornos da Petrobras pré crise. O prêmio de risco de mercado e a variação do Crude Oil Brent são variáveis muito relevantes para explicar os preços das ações do setor energético brasileiro, assim como em SADORSKY (2001) e EL SHARIF et al (2005).
Composto de marketing da carne de siri pescado com gaiolas no litoral do Paraná
Authors: Anacleto Adilson , Bonoli Patricia Roberta , Silva Gabriel Alcântara da , Andreatta Jose Victor , Marconato Glaucia
Published: October 2017

O elevado esforço de pesca que praticado no litoral paranaense conjuminou que os estoques naturais de peixes e camarões não conseguiram se reproduzir a mesma velocidade das inovações tecnológicas, fato que obrigou muitas famílias de pescadores a buscarem alternativas de renda. Entre as novas atividades surgiu a pesca do siri com gaiolas, atualmente praticada por mais de 150 famílias que comercializam a carne do crustáceo junto a restaurantes especializados em frutos do mar. Apesar do crescimento da atividade no contexto de geração de renda regional, não foram encontrados estudos sobre o sistema de comércio deste produto. Neste contexto, visando subsidiar o estabelecimento de ações de marketing para o segmento comercial varejista da cadeia produtiva do siri pescado com gaiolas, este estudo investigou a influência do composto de marketing: preço, praça, promoção e produto, no comportamento de compra do consumidor. Foi realizado entre setembro a novembro de 2015, estudo exploratório-descritivo junto a 177 consumidores. Identificou-se que o consumo médio era de 2,69 vezes ao ano, sendo que as principais iguarias feitas da carne de siri eram a casquinha de siri frita (n=87%), seguido pelo bolinho da carne de siri (n=31%) e posteriormente risoto, hambúrguer e pizza (13%). Concluiu-se que os principais produtos que a substituem a carne de siri de gaiola quando a mesma não é encontrada é o peixe e camarão, e em menor proporção carnes e aves. O preço, a aparência do produto, o cheiro, e qualidade do atendimento no momento da compra, são os fatores do composto de marketing que geram os maiores índices de insatisfação juntos aos consumidores.
Unified Spectrum of Tropical Rainfall and Waves in a Simple Stochastic Model
Authors: Stechmann Samuel N. , Hottovy Scott
Published: October 2017

In the tropics, rainfall is coupled with atmospheric dynamics in ways that are not fully understood, and often different mechanisms are proposed to underlie different modes of variability. Here it is shown that a unified model with a simple form can produce many different modes of variability. In particular, this includes the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and convectively coupled equatorial waves. The model predicts the length scales, time scales, structures, and spatiotemporal variability of these modes reasonably well for a simple model. Furthermore, the model produces a background spectrum of rainfall that resembles spatiotemporal red noise and is only weakly coupled with wave dynamics. The full spectrum is also shown to be shaped by antiresonance, whereby rainfall oscillations are prevented from occurring at the oscillation frequencies of dry waves. To produce all of these aspects simultaneously, a key factor is differing roles of lower and middle tropospheric water vapor.
Cold Ion Outflow Modulated by the Solar Wind Energy Input and Tilt of the Geomagnetic Dipole
Authors: Li Kun , Wei Y. , André M. , Eriksson A. , Haaland S. , Kronberg E. A. , Nilsson H. , Maes L. , Rong Z. J. , Wan W. X.
Published: October 2017

The solar wind energy input into the Earth's magnetosphere‐ionosphere system drives ionospheric outflow, which plays an important role in both the magnetospheric dynamics and evolution of the atmosphere. However, little is known about the cold ion outflow with energies lower than a few tens of eV, as the direct measurement of cold ions is difficult because a spacecraft gains a positive electric charge due to the photoemission effect, which prevents cold ions from reaching the onboard detectors. A recent breakthrough in the measurement technique using Cluster spacecraft revealed that cold ions dominate the ion population in the magnetosphere. This new technique yields a comprehensive data set containing measurements of the velocities and densities of cold ions for the years 2001–2010. In this paper, this data set is used to analyze the cold ion outflow from the ionosphere. We found that about 0.1% of the solar wind energy input is transformed to the kinetic energy of cold ion outflow at the topside ionosphere. We also found that the geomagnetic dipole tilt can significantly affect the density of cold ion outflow, modulating the outflow rate of cold ion kinetic energy. These results give us clues to study the evolution of ionospheric outflow with changing global magnetic field and solar wind condition in the history.
Causes and Consequences of Diachronous V‐Shaped Ridges in the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Parnell‐Turner Ross , White Nicky , Henstock Timothy J. , Jones Stephen M. , Maclennan John , Murton Bramley J.
Published: October 2017

In the North Atlantic Ocean, the geometry of diachronous V‐shaped features that straddle the Reykjanes Ridge is often attributed to thermal pulses which advect away from the center of the Iceland plume. Recently, two alternative hypotheses have been proposed: rift propagation and buoyant mantle upwelling. Here we evaluate these different proposals using basin‐wide geophysical and geochemical observations. The centerpiece of our analysis is a pair of seismic reflection profiles oriented parallel to flow lines that span the North Atlantic Ocean. V‐shaped ridges and troughs are mapped on both Neogene and Paleogene oceanic crust, enabling a detailed chronology of activity to be established for the last 50 million years. Estimates of the cumulative horizontal displacement across normal faults help to discriminate between brittle and magmatic modes of plate separation, suggesting that crustal architecture is sensitive to the changing planform of the plume. Water‐loaded residual depth measurements are used to estimate crustal thickness and to infer mantle potential temperature which varies by ±25°C on timescales of 3–8 Ma. This variation is consistent with the range of temperatures inferred from geochemical modeling of dredged basaltic rocks along the ridge axis itself, from changes in Neogene deep‐water circulation, and from the regional record of episodic Cenozoic magmatism. We conclude that radial propagation of transient thermal anomalies within an asthenospheric channel that is 150 ± 50 km thick best accounts for the available geophysical and geochemical observations.
Ra Tracer‐Based Study of Submarine Groundwater Discharge and Associated Nutrient Fluxes into the Bohai Sea, China: A Highly Human‐Affected Marginal Sea
Authors: Liu Jianan , Du Jinzhou , Yi Lixin
Published: October 2017

Nutrient concentrations in coastal bays and estuaries are strongly influenced by not only riverine input but also submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Here we estimate the SGD and the fluxes of the associated dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphorus (DIP), and silicon (DSi) into the Bohai Sea based on a 226Ra and 228Ra mass balance model. This procedure shows that in the Bohai Sea the average radium activities (dpm 100 L−1) are 42.8 ± 6.3 (226Ra) and 212 ± 41.7 (228Ra) for the surface water and 43.0 ± 6.1 (226Ra) and 216 ± 38.4 (228Ra) for the near‐bottom water. According to the 228Ra/226Ra age model, the residence time in the Bohai Sea is calculated to be 1.7 ± 0.8 yrs. The mass balance of 226Ra and 228Ra suggests that the yearly SGD flux into the whole Bohai Sea is (2.0 ± 1.3) × 1011 m3 yr−1, of which the percentage of submarine fresh groundwater discharge (SFGD) to the total SGD is approximately (5.1 ± 4.1)%. However, the DIN and DSi fluxes from SFGD constitute 29% and 10%, respectively, of the total fluxes from the SGD. Moreover, nutrient loads, which exhibit high DIN/DIP from SGD, especially the SFGD, may substantially contribute to the nutrient supplies, resulting in the occurrence of red tide in the Bohai Sea.