bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acceptance of Green Technology-Based Service: Consumers’ Risk-Taking Behavior in the Context of Indoor Smart Farm Restaurants
Authors: Joo Kyuhyeon , Hwang Jinsoo
Published: October 2023

Smart farm technology contributes to sustainable environmental protection, and so it is important to investigate consumer behavior in this regard. Therefore, this paper constructs a theoretical model focusing on the consumers of indoor smart farm restaurants. The theoretical framework integrates the theory of planned behavior and the perceived risk theory. The constructed framework is deepened by testing the moderating role of novelty seeking in the effects of perceived risks on attitudes. The results revealed that (1) psychological and quality risks negatively affect attitude, (2) subjective norm positively affects attitude, (3) attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control positively affect behavioral intentions, and (4) the moderating impact of novelty seeking was discovered in the relationship between psychological risk and attitude. This is the first investigation of the perceived risks of indoor smart farm restaurants, and this study empirically proved the moderating role of novelty seeking in the risk-taking behavior context. This study consequently contributes to advancing state-of-the-art methods and presents practical marketing recommendations.
Analysis of Peak Ground Acceleration Attenuation Characteristics in the Pazarcik Earthquake, Türkiye
Authors: Wan Wei , Bo Jingshan , Qi Wenhao , Peng Da , Li Qi , Duan Yushi
Published: October 2023

This study collected acceleration records and station reports from 379 strong-motion stations triggered by the Mw7.7 earthquake in Pazarcik, Türkiye, on 6 February 2023. A total of 451 horizontal and 194 vertical strong-motion acceleration records with complete waveforms and reasonable data were selected to establish appropriate equations for predicting seismic parameters. Two iterative algorithms, specifically the optimization algorithm and orthogonal distance regression, were employed to formulate prediction equations for PGA and EPA in the NS (north–south), EW (east–west), and vertical directions. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the attenuation curves for PGA and EPA was conducted within the vertical and horizontal directions. The results indicated that the observed and predicted values of vertical PGA and EPA at the same fault distance were approximately 0.577–0.673 times those of horizontal PGA and EPA. The ratio range calculated in our study aligns closely with previous research results, slightly more than 2/3 only in the vicinity of fault zones. The analysis demonstrated that the horizontal PGA value of the soil site at the same fault distance was approximately 1.46 times that of the bedrock site, while the vertical PGA value was only 1.12 times. The comparison of attenuation relationships revealed that within the fault distance range of 20 km to 100 km, the horizontal PGA of the Wenchuan earthquake was approximately 1.26–2.16 times that of the Pazarcik earthquake, and the ratio increased with an increasing fault distance.
Dynamic Response of Slender Vertical Structures Subjected to Thunderstorm Outflows
Authors: Roncallo Luca , Gimondo Matteo , Tubino Federica
Published: October 2023

This study examines the maximum alongwind dynamic response of slender vertical structures subjected to thunderstorms, comparing the induced maximum response with the one induced via synoptic events. Two real structures are considered as case studies: a lighting pole and a telecommunications tower. The comparison between thunderstorm- and synoptic-induced dynamic responses is performed through a critical analysis of three ratios characterizing the difference between the two phenomena: the reference wind speed, the mean wind profile, and the gust response factor. The comparison shows that the definition of the reference wind speed and the height of the nose tip of the thunderstorm mean wind profile are crucial for the maximum response, as well as for the dependence of the turbulence intensity on the roughness length. The results show that thunderstorms provide the design loading condition in most cases.
Linking Thermal Indices, Productivity, Phenotypic Traits, and Stressors for Assessing the Health of Centennial Traditional Olive Trees
Authors: Zevgolis Yiannis G. , Kouris Alexandros , Christopoulos Apostolos , Dimitrakopoulos Panayiotis G.
Published: October 2023

Centennial olive trees, integral components of traditional Mediterranean agroecosystems, hold immense value as repositories of biodiversity and cultural heritage due to their physiological attributes and life history, making them crucial for the conservation of High Nature Value ancient olive orchards. However, they are increasingly confronted with physiological challenges exacerbated by various biotic and abiotic stressors jeopardizing their health and productivity, underscoring the urgency for ongoing monitoring and conservation measures to secure their long-term existence. To monitor these challenges, in recent years, the adoption of non-invasive techniques like infrared thermography (IRT) has become prevalent. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively assess the health state of traditional centennial olive trees, with a particular focus on their productivity. To achieve this, we monitored 44 centennial olive trees from a traditional olive grove on the island of Naxos, Greece, a representative location for Mediterranean olive groves, during the period from 2017 to 2020. We established connections between a set of trunk and canopy thermal and humidity indices, phenotypic traits, and the two most prevalent stressors affecting olive trees not only within the context of the island but also more broadly in similar Mediterranean environments worldwide: the olive leaf spot disease (OLS) and crop water stress, assessed through the crop water stress index (CWSI). To evaluate their interrelationships, we initially assessed intraspecific thermal and humidity pattern variations, and we developed linear and logistic regression models to gain insights into the factors influencing olive tree productivity, water stress, and the OLS presence. Results indicated that combining thermal and humidity indices can substantially explain olive tree productivity, water stress, and OLS, providing a valuable tool for assessing and monitoring the health and overall state of centennial olive trees, while offering a comprehensive approach to understanding the complex interactions shaping traditional olive grove dynamics. By identifying key indicators such as tree thermal patterns and water stress levels, olive growers and conservationists can make informed decisions to enhance the vitality and longevity of these culturally and ecologically significant trees.
Empirical Model for the Retained Stability Index of Asphalt Mixtures Using Hybrid Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Jweihan Yazeed S. , Al-Kheetan Mazen J. , Rabi Musab
Published: October 2023

Moisture susceptibility is a complex phenomenon that induces various distresses in asphalt pavements and can be assessed by the Retained Stability Index (RSI). This study proposes a robust model to predict the RSI using a hybrid machine learning technique, including Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Gene Expression Programming. The model is expressed as a simple and direct mathematical function with input variables of mineral filler proportion (F%), water absorption rate of combined aggregate (Ab%), asphalt content (AC%), and air void content (Va%). A relative importance analysis ranked AC% as the most influential variable on RSI, followed by Va%, F%, and Ab%. The experimental RSI results of 150 testing samples of various mixes were utilized along with other data points generated by the ANN to train and validate the proposed model. The model promotes a high level of accuracy for predicting the RSI with a 96.6% coefficient of determination (R2) and very low errors. In addition, the sensitivity of the model has been verified by considering the effect of the variables, which is in line with the results of network connection weight and previous studies in the literature. F%, Ab%, and Va% have an inverse relationship with the RSI values, whereas AC% has the opposite. The model helps forecast the water susceptibility of asphalt mixes by which the experimental effort is minimized and the mixes’ performance can be improved.
The Excitation of the 3D and 4D States of Atomic Hydrogen by Electron Impact
Authors: Bhatia Anand K.
Published: October 2023

The excitation cross-sections of the 3D and 4D states of atomic hydrogen at low incident energies (from 0.90 to 5.00 Ry) were calculated using the variational polarized orbital method, which is also called the hybrid theory. Up to 12 partial waves (L = 2 to 13) were used to obtain converged cross-sections at high energies. The importance of the long-range forces near the threshold region and the behavior of the cross-sections in that region are indicated. The S, P, and D cross-sections are needed if the total excitation cross-sections are measured in addition to the elastic cross-sections. These cross-sections are also useful if the cascade from the D to the P to the S states is considered in the diagnostics of solar and astrophysical observations.
On the Propagation Model of Two-Component Nonlinear Optical Waves
Authors: Smirnov Aleksandr O. , Frolov Eugeni A.
Published: October 2023

Currently, two-component integrable nonlinear equations from the hierarchies of the vector nonlinear Schrodinger equation and the vector derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation are being actively investigated. In this paper, we propose a new hierarchy of two-component integrable nonlinear equations, which have an important difference from the already known equations. To construct the hierarchical equations, we use the monodromy matrix method, as first proposed by B.A. Dubrovin. The method we use consists of solving the following sequence of problems. First, using the Lax operator, we find the monodromy matrix, which is a polynomial in the spectral parameter. More precisely, we find a sequence of monodromy matrices dependent on the degree of this polynomial. Each Lax operator has its own sequence of monodromy matrices. Then, using the terms from the decomposition of the monodromy matrix, we construct a sequence of second operators from a Lax pair. A hierarchy of evolutionary integrable nonlinear equations follows from the conditions of compatibility of the sequence of Lax pairs. Also, knowledge of the monodromy matrix allows us to find stationary equations that are analogs of the Novikov equations for the Korteweg–de Vries equation. In addition, the characteristic equation of the monodromy matrix corresponds to the spectral curve equation of the relevant multiphase solution for the integrable nonlinear equation. Since the coefficients of the spectral curve equation are integrals of the hierarchical equations, they can be utilized to find the simplest solutions of the constructed integrable nonlinear equations. In this paper, we demonstrate the operation of this method, starting with the assignment of the Lax operator and ending with the construction of the simplest solutions.
Optimizing Material Selection with Fermatean Fuzzy Hybrid Aggregation Operators
Authors: Simic Vladimir , Ahmad Waseem , Dikshit Srishti , Bin-Mohsin Bandar , Sadim Mohd , Anjum Mohd
Published: October 2023

In the pursuance of engineering excellence and sustainable practices, the optimization of material selection processes plays a crucial role. Using Fermatean fuzzy aggregation Operators (AOs), this study introduces an innovative method for improving material selection procedures. Combining the advantages of Fermatean fuzzy set (FrFS) and AOs, the proposed method enables a comprehensive evaluation of materials based on multiple criteria. The authors propose two operators: the “Fermatean fuzzy hybrid weighted arithmetic geometric aggregation (FrFHWAGA) operator” and the “Fermatean fuzzy hybrid ordered weighted arithmetic geometric aggregation (FrFHOWAGA) operator”. This method facilitates informed decision making in a number of industries by taking into account factors such as cost, durability, environmental impact, and availability. This research enables engineers, designers, and decision makers to optimize material selection, resulting in more efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable solutions across multiple domains.
Analysis of the Zagreb Indices over the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of the Ring Zp×Zt×Zs
Authors: Rehman Nadeem ur , Alali Amal S. , Mir Shabir Ahmad , Nazim Mohd
Published: October 2023

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, and Z(R) be the set of zero-divisors of R. The weakly zero-divisor graph of R denoted by WΓ(R) is an undirected (simple) graph with vertex set Z(R)*, and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent, if and only if there exist r∈ann(x) and s∈ann(y), such that rs=0. Importantly, it is worth noting that WΓ(R) contains the zero-divisor graph Γ(R) as a subgraph. It is known that graph theory applications play crucial roles in different areas one of which is chemical graph theory that deals with the applications of graph theory to solve molecular problems. Analyzing Zagreb indices in chemical graph theory provides numerical descriptors for molecular structures, aiding in property prediction and drug design. These indices find applications in QSAR modeling and chemical informatics, contributing to efficient compound screening and optimization. They are essential tools for advancing pharmaceutical and material science research. This research article focuses on the basic properties of the weakly zero-divisor graph of the ring Zp×Zt×Zs, denoted by WΓ(Zp×Zt×Zs), where p, t, and s are prime numbers that may not necessarily be distinct and greater than 2. Moreover, this study includes the examination of various indices and coindices such as the first and second Zagreb indices and coindices, as well as the first and second multiplicative Zagreb indices and coindices of WΓ(Zp×Zt×Zs).
Organic and Inorganic Hybrid Composite Phase Change Material for Inhibiting the Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Mei Jie , Shi Guoqing , Liu He , Wang Zhi
Published: October 2023

To deal with the flammability of PA (paraffin), this paper proposes a CPCM (composite phase change material) with a high heat-absorbing capacity for mitigating the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. Two heating power levels were used to trigger thermal runaway in order to investigate the influence of heating power on thermal runaway characteristics and the mitigation effect of the PCM (phase change material). Thermal runaway processes and temperature changes were recorded. The results showed that heating results in a violent reaction of the battery, generating a high temperature and a bright flame, and the burning of PA increases the duration of a steady flame, indicating an increased threat. SA (sodium acetate trihydrate) effectively inhibited PA combustion, and the combustion time was reduced by 40.5%. PA/SA effectively retarded the rise in temperature of the battery, and the temperature rise rate was reduced by 87.3%. Increased heating power caused faster thermal runaway, and the thermal runaway mitigation effect of the CPCM was dramatically reduced. This study may provide a reference for the safe design and improvement of thermal management systems.
Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Suaeda salsa (Linn.) Pall. (Amaranthaceae) Demonstrate Varying Salinity Tolerance among Different Provenances
Authors: Qi Wenwen , Ma Hongyuan , Li Shaoyang , Wu Haitao , Zhao Dandan
Published: October 2023

Salinity is a pressing and widespread abiotic stress, adversely affecting agriculture productivity and plant growth worldwide. Seed germination is the most critical stage to seedling growth and establishing plant species in harsh environments, including saline stress. However, seed germination characteristics and stress tolerance may vary among geographical locations, such as various provenances. Suaeda salsa (Linn.) Pall. (S. salsa) is a halophytic plant that exhibits high salt tolerance and is often considered a pioneer species for the restoration of grasslands. Understanding the germination characteristics and stress tolerance of the species could be helpful in the vegetation restoration of saline–alkali land. In this study, we collected S. salsa seeds from seven different saline–alkali habitats (S1–S7) in the Songnen Plain region to assess the germination and seedling growth responses to NaCl, Na2CO3, and NaHCO3, and to observe the recovery of seed germination after relieving the salt stress. We observed significant differences in germination and seedling growth under three salt stresses and among seven provenances. Resistance to Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 stress was considerably higher during seedling growth than seed germination, while the opposite responses were observed for NaCl resistance. Seeds from S1 and S7 showed the highest tolerance to all three salt stress treatments, while S6 exhibited the lowest tolerance. Seeds from S2 exhibited low germination under control conditions, while low NaCl concentration and pretreatment improved germination. Ungerminated seeds under high salt concentrations germinated after relieving the salt stress. Germination of ungerminated seeds after the abatement of salt stress is an important adaptation strategy for black S. salsa seeds. While seeds from most provenances regerminated under NaCl, under Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, only seeds from S4 and S7 regerminated. These findings highlight the importance of soil salinity in the maternal environment for successful seed germination and seedling growth under various salinity-alkali stresses. Therefore, seed sources and provenance should be considered for vegetation restoration.
Treatment-Emergent Cilgavimab Resistance Was Uncommon in Vaccinated Omicron BA.4/5 Outpatients
Authors: Gruber Cesare Ernesto Maria , Tucci Fabio Giovanni , Rueca Martina , Mazzotta Valentina , Gramigna Giulia , Vergori Alessandra , Fabeni Lavinia , Berno Giulia , Giombini Emanuela , Butera Ornella , Focosi Daniele , Prandi Ingrid Guarnetti , Chillemi Giovanni , Nicastri Emanuele , Vaia Francesco , Girardi Enrico , Antinori Andrea , Maggi Fabrizio
Published: October 2023

Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein can affect monoclonal antibody efficacy. Recent findings report the occurrence of resistant mutations in immunocompromised patients after tixagevimab/cilgavimab treatment. More recently, the Food and Drug Agency revoked the authorization for tixagevimab/cilgavimab, while this monoclonal antibody cocktail is currently recommended by the European Medical Agency. We retrospectively reviewed 22 immunocompetent patients at high risk for disease progression who received intramuscular tixagevimab/cilgavimab as early COVID-19 treatment and presented a prolonged high viral load. Complete SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences were obtained for a deep investigation of mutation frequencies in Spike protein before and during treatment. At seven days, only one patient showed evidence of treatment-emergent cilgavimab resistance. Quasispecies analysis revealed two different deletions on the Spike protein (S:del138–144 or S:del141–145) in combination with the resistance S:K444N mutation. The structural and dynamic impact of the two quasispecies was characterized by using molecular dynamics simulations, showing the conservation of the principal functional movements in the mutated systems and their capabilities to alter the structure and dynamics of the RBD, responsible for the interaction with the ACE2 human receptor. Our study underlines the importance of prompting an early virological investigation to prevent drug resistance or clinical failures in immunocompetent patients.
Snake Venom Components as Therapeutic Drugs in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Messadi Erij
Published: October 2023

Ischemic heart disease (IHD), especially myocardial infarction (MI), is a leading cause of death worldwide. Although coronary reperfusion is the most straightforward treatment for limiting the MI size, it has nevertheless been shown to exacerbate ischemic myocardial injury. Therefore, identifying and developing therapeutic strategies to treat IHD is a major medical challenge. Snake venoms contain biologically active proteins and peptides that are of major interest for pharmacological applications in the cardiovascular system (CVS). This has led to their use for the development and design of new drugs, such as the first-in-class angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, developed from a peptide present in Bothrops jararaca snake venom. This review discusses the potential usefulness of snake venom toxins for developing effective treatments against IHD and related diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. It describes their biological effects at the molecular scale, their mechanisms of action according to their different pharmacological properties, as well as their subsequent molecular pathways and therapeutic targets. The molecules reported here have either been approved for human medical use and are currently available on the drug market or are still in the clinical or preclinical developmental stages. The information summarized here may be useful in providing insights into the development of future snake venom-derived drugs.
Effects of Storage Temperatures on Nitrogen Assimilation and Remobilization during Post-Harvest Senescence of Pak Choi
Authors: Dhandapani Savitha , Philip Vidya Susan , Nabeela Nasreen Shaik Anwar Ahamed , Tan Alice Mei Xien , Jayapal Praveen Kumar , Ram Rajeev J. , Park Bong Soo
Published: October 2023

In the agricultural industry, the post-harvest leafy vegetable quality and shelf life significantly influence market value and consumer acceptability. This study examined the effects of different storage temperatures on leaf senescence, nitrogen assimilation, and remobilization in Pak Choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis). Mature Pak Choi plants were harvested and stored at two different temperatures, 4 °C and 25 °C. Senescence was tracked via chlorophyll content and leaf yellowing. Concurrently, alterations in the total nitrogen, nitrate, and protein content were quantified on days 0, 3, 6, and 9 in old, mid, and young leaves of Pak Choi plants. As expected, 4 °C alleviated chlorophyll degradation and delayed senescence of Pak Choi compared to 25 °C. Total nitrogen and protein contents were inversely correlated, while the nitrate content remained nearly constant across leaf groups at 25 °C. Additionally, the transcript levels of genes involved in nitrogen assimilation and remobilization revealed key candidate genes that were differentially expressed between 4 °C and 25 °C, which might be targeted to extend the shelf life of the leafy vegetables. Thus, this study provides pivotal insights into the molecular and physiological responses of Pak Choi to post-harvest storage conditions.
Direct Detection of Lyme Borrelia: Recent Advancement and Use of Aptamer Technology
Authors: Nik Kamarudin Nik Abdul Aziz , Mawang Christina Injan , Ahamad Mariana
Published: October 2023

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi s.l.), which is predominantly spread by ticks, is the cause of Lyme disease (LD), also known as Lyme borreliosis, one of the zoonotic diseases affecting people. In recent years, LD has become more prevalent worldwide, even in countries with no prior records. Currently, Lyme Borrelia detection is achieved through nucleic acid amplification, antigen detection, microscopy, and in vitro culture. Nevertheless, these methods lack sensitivity in the early phase of the disease and, thus, are unable to confirm active infection. This review briefly discusses the existing direct detection methods of LD. Furthermore, this review also introduces the use of aptamer technology integrated with biosensor platforms to detect the Borrelia antigen. This aptamer technology could be explored using other biosensor platforms targeting whole Borrelia cells or specific molecules to enhance Borrelia detection in the future.
The Protective Effect of Citronellol against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Munir Sania , Hafeez Rizwan , Younis Waqas , Malik Muhammad Nasir Hayat , Munir Muhammad Usman , Manzoor Wajiha , Razzaq Muryam Abdul , Pessoa Luciane Barbosa , Lopes Katiana Simões , Lívero Francislaine Aparecida dos Reis , Gasparotto Junior Arquimedes
Published: October 2023

Citronellol has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antihypertensive activities, but its effect on myocardial ischemia is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and pharmacological mechanisms of citronellol on ischemia. Therefore, a rat model of myocardial ischemia was established using the doxorubicin (DOX) model. To induce cardiotoxicity, the rats were given DOX (2.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally over a 14-day period. Group I served as the control and received tween 80 (0.2%), group II received the vehicle and DOX, group III received the standard drug dexrazoxane and DOX, whereas groups IV, V, and VI were treated orally with citronellol (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) and DOX, respectively. After treatment, the rats were euthanized, and blood samples were collected to assess the levels of serum cardiac markers, lipid profiles, and tissue antioxidant enzymes. The gene expressions of eNOS, PPAR-g, IL-10, VEGF, and NFkB-1 were also determined using real-time polymerase chain reactions. Simultaneous treatment with DOX and citronellol reduced cardiac antioxidant enzymes and lipid biomarkers in a dose-dependent manner. Citronellol also increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines while reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, it can be concluded that citronellol may have potential cardioprotective effects in preventing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
Essential Oils Produce Developmental Toxicity in Zebrafish Embryos and Cause Behavior Changes in Zebrafish Larvae
Authors: da Silva Ivanildo Inacio , da Silva Niely Priscila Correia , Marrs James A. , Cadena Pabyton Gonçalves
Published: October 2023

Essential oils have gained significant popularity in various industries due to their biological properties, but their potential toxic effects on living organisms have been poorly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lemongrass, thyme, and oregano essential oils on zebrafish embryos and larvae as animal models. Embryos were exposed to different concentrations of essential oils, and various endpoints were assessed, including epiboly, mortality (LC50), morphometry, and behavioral changes. All three essential oils reduced epiboly, affecting embryonic development. LC50 values were calculated for lemongrass (3.7 µg/mL), thyme (14.4 µg/mL), and oregano (5.3 µg/mL) oils. Larvae exposed to these oils displayed morphological defects, including growth reduction, spinal deformation, pericardial edema, eye size reduction, and reduced swim-bladder inflation. Morphometric analysis confirmed reduced larval length at higher oil concentrations. Essential-oil exposure altered zebrafish larval swimming behavior, with lemongrass oil reducing dark-cycle activity and oregano oil increasing light-cycle activity, suggesting neurodevelopmental toxicity. These findings illustrate the adverse effects of these oils on zebrafish embryos and larvae and reveal essential-oil toxicity, indicating careful use should be considered, particularly during pregnancy.
A Comparison of Two Multi-Tasking Approaches to Cognitive Training in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Tarasova Irina , Trubnikova Olga , Kukhareva Irina , Syrova Irina , Sosnina Anastasia , Kupriyanova Darya , Barbarash Olga
Published: October 2023

Background: The multi-tasking approach may be promising for cognitive rehabilitation in cardiac surgery patients due to a significant effect on attentional and executive functions. This study aimed to compare the neuropsychological changes in patients who have undergone two variants of multi-tasking training and a control group in the early postoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: One hundred and ten CABG patients were divided into three groups: cognitive training (CT) I (a postural balance task with mental arithmetic, verbal fluency, and divergent tasks) (n = 30), CT II (a simple visual–motor reaction with mental arithmetic, verbal fluency, and divergent tasks) (n = 40), and control (n = 40). Results: Two or more cognitive indicators improved in 93.3% of CT I patients, in 72.5% of CT II patients, and in 62.5% of control patients; CT I patients differed from CT II and control (p = 0.04 and p = 0.008, respectively). The improving short-term memory and attention was found more frequently in the CT I group as compared to control (56.7% vs. 15%; p = 0.0005). The cognitive improvement of all domains (psychomotor and executive functions, attention, and short-term memory) was also revealed in CT I patients more frequently than CT II (46.7% vs. 20%; p = 0.02) and control (46.7% vs. 5%; p = 0.0005). Conclusions: The CT I multi-tasking training was more effective at improving the cognitive performance in cardiac surgery patients as compared to CT II training and standard post-surgery management. The findings of this study will be helpful for future studies involving multi-tasking training.
Novel Approaches in Chronic Renal Failure without Renal Replacement Therapy: A Review
Authors: Martínez-Hernández Sandra , Muñoz-Ortega Martín , Ávila-Blanco Manuel , Medina-Pizaño Mariana , Ventura-Juárez Javier
Published: October 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by renal parenchymal damage leading to a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate. The inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the tissue damage contributing to renal failure. Current therapeutic options encompass dietary control, mineral salt regulation, and management of blood pressure, blood glucose, and fatty acid levels. However, they do not effectively halt the progression of renal damage. This review critically examines novel therapeutic avenues aimed at ameliorating inflammation, mitigating extracellular matrix accumulation, and fostering renal tissue regeneration in the context of CKD. Understanding the mechanisms sustaining a proinflammatory and profibrotic state may offer the potential for targeted pharmacological interventions. This, in turn, could pave the way for combination therapies capable of reversing renal damage in CKD. The non-replacement phase of CKD currently faces a dearth of efficacious therapeutic options. Future directions encompass exploring vaptans as diuretics to inhibit water absorption, investigating antifibrotic agents, antioxidants, and exploring regenerative treatment modalities, such as stem cell therapy and novel probiotics. Moreover, this review identifies pharmaceutical agents capable of mitigating renal parenchymal damage attributed to CKD, targeting molecular-level signaling pathways (TGF-β, Smad, and Nrf2) that predominate in the inflammatory processes of renal fibrogenic cells.
Advancing Nanoscale Science: Synthesis and Bioprinting of Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-8 for Enhanced Anti-Infectious Therapeutic Efficacies
Authors: Saif Muhammad Saqib , Hasan Murtaza , Zafar Ayesha , Ahmed Muhammad Mahmood , Tariq Tuba , Waqas Muhammad , Hussain Riaz , Zafar Amna , Xue Huang , Shu Xugang
Published: October 2023

Bacterial infectious disorders are becoming a major health problem for public health. The zeolitic imidazole framework-8 with a novel Cordia myxa extract-based (CME@ZIF-8) nanocomposite showed variable functionality, high porosity, and bacteria-killing activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli strains have been created by using a straightforward approach. The sizes of synthesized zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) and CME@ZIF-8 were 11.38 nm and 12.44 nm, respectively. Prepared metal organic frameworks have been characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. An antibacterial potential comparison between CME@ZIF-8 and zeolitic imidazole framework-8 has shown that CME@ZIF-8 was 31.3%, 28.57%, 46%, and 47% more efficient than ZIF-8 against Staphylococcus aureus and 43.7%, 42.8%, 35.7%, and 70% more efficient against Escherichia coli, while it was 31.25%, 33.3%, 46%, and 46% more efficient than the commercially available ciprofloxacin drug against Staphylococcus aureus and 43.7%, 42.8%, 35.7%, and 70% more efficient against Escherichia coli, respectively, for 750, 500, 250, and 125 μg mL−1. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of CME@ZIF-8 for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 15.6 and 31.25 μg/mL respectively, while the value of zeolitic imidazole framework-8 alone was 62.5 μg/mL for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The reactive oxygen species generated by CME@ZIF-8 destroys the bacterial cell and its organelles. Consequently, the CME@ZIF-8 nanocomposites have endless potential applications for treating infectious diseases.
An Advanced Bio-Inspired Mantis Search Algorithm for Characterization of PV Panel and Global Optimization of Its Model Parameters
Authors: Moustafa Ghareeb , Alnami Hashim , Hakmi Sultan Hassan , Ginidi Ahmed , Shaheen Abdullah M. , Al-Mufadi Fahad A.
Published: October 2023

Correct modelling and estimation of solar cell characteristics are crucial for effective performance simulations of PV panels, necessitating the development of creative approaches to improve solar energy conversion. When handling this complex problem, traditional optimisation algorithms have significant disadvantages, including a predisposition to get trapped in certain local optima. This paper develops the Mantis Search Algorithm (MSA), which draws inspiration from the unique foraging behaviours and sexual cannibalism of praying mantises. The suggested MSA includes three stages of optimisation: prey pursuit, prey assault, and sexual cannibalism. It is created for the R.TC France PV cell and the Ultra 85-P PV panel related to Shell PowerMax for calculating PV parameters and examining six case studies utilising the one-diode model (1DM), two-diode model (1DM), and three-diode model (3DM). Its performance is assessed in contrast to recently developed optimisers of the neural network optimisation algorithm (NNA), dwarf mongoose optimisation (DMO), and zebra optimisation algorithm (ZOA). In light of the adopted MSA approach, simulation findings improve the electrical characteristics of solar power systems. The developed MSA methodology improves the 1DM, 2DM, and 3DM by 12.4%, 44.05%, and 48.88%, 28.96%, 43.19%, and 55.81%, 37.71%, 32.71%, and 60.13% relative to the DMO, NNA, and ZOA approaches, respectively. For the Ultra 85-P PV panel, the designed MSA technique achieves improvements for the 1DM, 2DM, and 3DM of 62.05%, 67.14%, and 84.25%, 49.05%, 53.57%, and 74.95%, 37.03%, 37.4%, and 59.57% compared to the DMO, NNA, and ZOA techniques, respectively.
Multi-Strategy Improved Sand Cat Swarm Optimization: Global Optimization and Feature Selection
Authors: Yao Liguo , Yang Jun , Yuan Panliang , Li Guanghui , Lu Yao , Zhang Taihua
Published: October 2023

The sand cat is a creature suitable for living in the desert. Sand cat swarm optimization (SCSO) is a biomimetic swarm intelligence algorithm, which inspired by the lifestyle of the sand cat. Although the SCSO has achieved good optimization results, it still has drawbacks, such as being prone to falling into local optima, low search efficiency, and limited optimization accuracy due to limitations in some innate biological conditions. To address the corresponding shortcomings, this paper proposes three improved strategies: a novel opposition-based learning strategy, a novel exploration mechanism, and a biological elimination update mechanism. Based on the original SCSO, a multi-strategy improved sand cat swarm optimization (MSCSO) is proposed. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, the MSCSO algorithm is applied to two types of problems: global optimization and feature selection. The global optimization includes twenty non-fixed dimensional functions (Dim = 30, 100, and 500) and ten fixed dimensional functions, while feature selection comprises 24 datasets. By analyzing and comparing the mathematical and statistical results from multiple perspectives with several state-of-the-art (SOTA) algorithms, the results show that the proposed MSCSO algorithm has good optimization ability and can adapt to a wide range of optimization problems.
Electrochemical DNA Sensor for Valrubicin Detection Based on Poly(Azure C) Films Deposited from Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Porfireva Anna , Begisheva Ekaterina , Evtugyn Vladimir , Evtugyn Gennady
Published: October 2023

A novel electrochemical DNA sensor was developed for the detection of the anthracycline drug, valrubicin, on the base of poly(Azure C) electropolymerized from the deep eutectic solvent reline and covered with adsorbed DNA from calf thymus. Biosensor assembling was performed by multiple scanning of the potential in one drop (100 µL) of the dye dissolved in reline and placed on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode. Stabilization of the coating was achieved by its polarization in the phosphate buffer. The electrochemical characteristics of the electron transfer were determined and compared with a similar coating obtained from phosphate buffer. The use of deep eutectic solvent made it possible to increase the monomer concentration and avoid using organic solvents on the stage of electrode modification. After the contact of the DNA sensor with valrubicin, two signals related to the intrinsic redox activity of the coating and the drug redox conversion were found on voltammogram. Their synchronous changes with the analyte concentration increased the reliability of the detection. In the square-wave mode, the DNA sensor made it possible to determine from 3 µM to 1 mM (limit of detection, 1 µM) in optimal conditions. The DNA sensor was successfully tested in the voltammetric determination of valrubicin in spiked artificial urine, Ringer-Locke solution mimicking plasma electrolytes and biological samples (urine and saliva) with a recovery of 90–110%. After further testing on clinical samples, it can find application in the pharmacokinetics studies and screening of new drugs’ interaction with DNA.
Wearable Electrochemical Glove-Based Analytical Device (eGAD) for the Detection of Methamphetamine Employing Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Anzar Nigar , Suleman Shariq , Singh Yashda , Parvez Suhel , Khanuja Manika , Pilloton Roberto , Narang Jagriti
Published: October 2023

Illicit drug misuse has become a widespread issue that requires continuous drug monitoring and diagnosis. Wearable electrochemical drug detection devices possess the potential to function as potent screening instruments in the possession of law enforcement personnel, aiding in the fight against drug trafficking and facilitating forensic investigations conducted on site. These wearable sensors are promising alternatives to traditional detection methods. In this study, we present a novel wearable electrochemical glove-based analytical device (eGAD) designed especially for detecting the club drug, methamphetamine. To develop this sensor, we immobilized meth aptamer onto silver nanoparticle (AgNPs)-modified electrodes that were printed onto latex gloves. The characteristics of AgNPs, including their shape, size and purity were analysed using FTIR, SEM and UV vis spectrometry, confirming the successful synthesis. The developed sensor shows a 0.1 µg/mL limit of detection and 0.3 µg/mL limit of quantification with a linear concentration range of about 0.01–5 µg/mL and recovery percentages of approximately 102 and 103%, respectively. To demonstrate its applicability, we tested the developed wearable sensor by spiking various alcoholic and non-alcoholic drink samples. We found that the sensor remains effective for 60 days, making it a practical option with a reasonable shelf-life. The developed sensor offers several advantages, including its affordability, ease of handling and high sensitivity and selectivity. Its portable nature makes it an ideal tool for rapid detection of METH in beverages too.
Indoor Environmental Quality Optimisation Model for Institutional Care Rooms of Elderly People
Authors: Cubukcuoglu Cemre , Cilasun Kunduraci Arzu , Asadollahi Asl Zarkhah Sahar
Published: October 2023

It is known that the elderly usually spend the last years of their lives indoors, with little contact with others and the outside environment. Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) conditions related to lighting, air quality, thermal comfort, and acoustics directly affect their quality of life. In this study, the main focus is on the design of institutional care rooms for elderly people to create an indoor comfort. However, considering all four factors of IEQ in one model is a challenging task. A multi-objective problem is formulated based on a weighted sum of IEQ components in a parametric modelling environment using computational design methods. Several simulation tools are utilised, and a Self-Adaptive Ensemble Differential Evolution Algorithm is proposed to tackle this complex problem. The results show that optimal ranges for each IEQ component are achieved, with average values reaching 72% of the ideal benchmarks after the algorithm is converged. Results reveal strong correlations between IEQ components. This significant improvement in indoor environmental quality (IEQ) demonstrates the efficacy of the optimisation algorithm used. This study emphasises the flexibility and relevance of these findings for wider implementation in similar settings.
A Comparative Analysis of a Radiation-Cooling-Plate-Coupled Adhesion-Jet Air Conditioning System in Different Positions
Authors: Zhuang Zhaoyi , Chen Yang , Lv Chaoqun , Zhao Jin , Ben Xianye , Li Shangyue
Published: October 2023

Compared with the traditional radiant cooling combined with a displacement ventilation air conditioning system, an air conditioning system of radiant cooling combined with an attached jet can not only effectively prevent dew on the surface of the radiant cooling plate, but also further improve the cooling capacity of the radiant air conditioning system; however, most scholars have installed the radiant cooling plate on the radiant roof and the ground, and there are fewer studies on installing the radiant cooling plate on the two sides of the wall. Based on this, this paper builds an experimental system of radiant air conditioning and conducts experiments on summer working conditions in June–October to experimentally study the indoor thermal and humid environments and thermal comfort under different water supply temperatures when radiant cold panels are installed in single-side-wall, symmetrical-wall, and top-panel positions. The experimental results show that the optimal water supply temperatures of single-side-wall radiation combined with an attached-jet air conditioning system, symmetrical-wall radiation combined with an attached-jet air conditioning system, and roof radiation combined with an attached-jet air conditioning system are 18 °C, 22 °C, and 16 °C, respectively, and at the same time, the temperatures of the human body’s working area under the above water supply temperatures are 26 °C, 26.3 °C, and 26.4 °C, respectively. The average humidities in the working area are 58%, 53%, and 57%, which can meet the requirements of our country’s level II comfort when the indoor heat and humidity environment is stable, the energy consumption amounts of the radiant end are 5.71 kW·h, 3.99 kW·h, and 10.81 kW·h, respectively, and the highest efficiency of cooling and dehumidification is achieved with the symmetric-wall radiation combined with the adherent-jet air conditioning system.
USP53 Exerts Tumor-Promoting Effects in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Deubiquitinating CRKL
Authors: Liu Yi , Tang Wei , Yao Feng
Published: October 2023

Breast cancer (BC) ranks in the top five malignant tumors in terms of morbidity and mortality rates. Among BC subtypes, TNBC has a high recurrence rate and metastasis rate and the worst prognosis. However, the exact mechanism by which TNBC develops is unclear. Here, we show that the deubiquitinase USP53 contributes to tumor growth and metastasis in TNBC. USP53 is overexpressed in TNBC, and this phenotype is linked to a poor prognosis. Functionally, USP53 promotes TNBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). More importantly, USP53 decreases the chemosensitivity of BC cells by enhancing v-crk sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homologue (avian)-like (CRKL) expression. Mechanistically, USP53 directly binds CRKL to stabilize and deubiquitinate it, thereby preventing CRKL degradation. Overall, we discovered that USP53 deubiquitinates CRKL, encourages tumor development and metastasis, and reduces chemosensitivity in TNBC. These findings imply that USP53 might represent a new therapeutic target for the treatment of TNBC.
Synergistic Effects of Ionizing Radiation Process in the Integrated Coagulation–Sedimentation, Fenton Oxidation, and Biological Process for Treatment of Leachate Wastewater
Authors: Liu Sha , Sinharoy Arindam , Lee Ga-Young , Lee Myun-Joo , Lee Byung-Cheol , Chung Chong-Min
Published: October 2023

This study evaluated the feasibility of ionizing radiation combined with coagulation–sedimentation and Fenton oxidation as a treatment method for landfill leachate. The experiments revealed a positive correlation between pollutant removal efficiency and increased ionizing radiation intensity. Remarkable pollutant removal efficiencies were achieved under ionizing radiation at 50 kGy, with a maximum of 27% removal of total organic carbon (TOC), 61% removal of total nitrogen, 51% removal of total phosphorus, and an impressive 93% removal of NO3−-N. With the addition of coagulation–sedimentation and Fenton oxidation, the treatment efficiency further increased by 33% nitrogen, 18% SCOD, and 8% phosphate. The most significant observation from the study was that for all the different treatment methods, the results were always better for leachate samples treated with ionizing radiation than for the untreated samples. Subsequently, biological treatment was applied as a post-treatment method to remove residual organic carbon and nitrogen, which found that the best removal efficiencies were only for the low salt concentration (0.5%) and the removal decreased with increasing salt concentration. These experimental results conclusively demonstrated that when treating leachate wastewater, it was more appropriate to employ physicochemical methods rather than a biological treatment, primarily due to the high salt concentration present.
Long Prehensile Protrusions Can Facilitate Cancer Cell Invasion through the Basement Membrane
Authors: Nazari Shayan S. , Doyle Andrew D. , Bleck Christopher K. E. , Yamada Kenneth M.
Published: October 2023

A basic process in cancer is the breaching of basement-membrane barriers to permit tissue invasion. Cancer cells can use proteases and physical mechanisms to produce initial holes in basement membranes, but how cells squeeze through this barrier into matrix environments is not well understood. We used a 3D invasion model consisting of cancer-cell spheroids encapsulated by a basement membrane and embedded in collagen to characterize the dynamic early steps in cancer-cell invasion across this barrier. We demonstrate that certain cancer cells extend exceptionally long (~30–100 μm) protrusions through basement membranes via actin and microtubule cytoskeletal function. These long protrusions use integrin adhesion and myosin II-based contractility to pull cells through the basement membrane for initial invasion. Concurrently, these long, organelle-rich protrusions pull surrounding collagen inward while propelling cancer cells outward through perforations in the basement-membrane barrier. These exceptionally long, contractile cellular protrusions can facilitate the breaching of the basement-membrane barrier as a first step in cancer metastasis.