bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foliar Treatments To Control The Cabbage Looper in Collards, 1976
Authors: Hofmaster R. N.
Published: March 2022

Votes collards were direct seeded in 3 ft rows on May 25, 2976, and thinned to 10 inch spacing 1 month later. Treatment plots were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single 30 ft long row with an untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. Insecticides were applied with a trailermounted Hudson Porta Power Sprayer at the rate of 100 gal/acre at ca. 250 psi, using 6 Myers Fembro nozzles '6251A ('2 discs) per row. Two nozzles were placed directly over the center of the row and 4 nozzles, 2 spaced about 8 inches apart on drop-lines on each side of the row, directed inward. Applications were made on August 4, 11, 17, 24, and 30. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of loopers per 10 collard plants or by foliage injury ratings. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were categorized as follows: 1) Only occasional feeding — necessary to look very close to see evidence of injury; 2) Visible signs of feeding but less than 10% of leaves severely damaged; 3) Heavy feeding on 25% of foliage; 4) Intense feeding on 50% of foliage; and 5) Practically 100% of the foliage severely injured — plants nearly defoliated.
Cabbage Looper Control on Collards, 1976
Authors: Kouskolekas C. A. , Herbert D. A.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted at the North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman, AL. The experimental planting consisted of two-6-row strips of plants set as seedlings on July 27. A randomized complete block design, with 4 reps per treatment, was used. Plots consisted of 6 rows (44-inch centers) x 40 ft and were separated by 10 ft alleys. Sprays were applied with a Super Blue Boy 6000 sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre. Application were made on Aug. 17, 23, 30, and Sept. 7. On Sept 9, 10 plants/plot were randomly selected from the 2 middle rows and were visually rated for defoliation. In assessing the damage, the following scale of I to 6 was used: 1 = 0 - 1% defoliation; 2 = 2-5% defol.; 3 = 6-10%defol.; 4 = 11-20% defol.; 5 = 21-50% defol.; 6 = 5 1% defol. and above. Plant injury was rated by two observers and the mean used in computations. Plants with injury ratings above 3 were considered unmarketable. The pest population consisted mainly of cabbage loopers (90% or more), with small numbers of imported cabbageworms and diamondback moth larvae.
Corn Borer Control, Absaraka, North Dakota, 1974 and 1976
Authors: Fryer R. D. , Dregseth R. L. , Carey D. R.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were tested in plots 2 rows wide (spaced 36 in.) and 300 ft long. There was a guard row between each plot and 6 guard rows on each side of the field but no guard rows at the ends of the field. The soil was a sandy loam with a pH of approximately 7 and 5% organic matter. Plots were planted on June 2 1 , 1974 and May 30, 1976. A single insecticide was applied to both rows in each plot, randomly assigned for treatment, when corn was in the late whorl stage and leaf feeding was first observed. Granular materials were applied with 7 i n . banders, and liquids were applied in 7 i n . bands with 800 2E nozzles at 40 psi. Applications were made at 3 mph, with the insecticides being directed into the whorl of the plants. Sprays were applied in 18 gals of water/acre. The weather in both years was dry and warm after the treatments were applied. Plant growth was good. Data consisted of average borer counts from 5 plants in six uniformly spaced sites in one row in each plot and was transformed by X + .5. Plants were dissected in early September. The infestation at the time of dissection was light in both years (0.77 and 0.70 borers/plant in untreated corn in 1974 and 1976 respectively). This might be explained in part by the dry conditions during the borer oviposition period. There is usually only 1 generation of the borer/year in the area. The number of borers found in ears was negligible. Treatments were compared with “t” tests for paired comparisons.
Corn Earworm Control, Othello, 1976
Authors: Johansen Carl , Mayer Dan
Published: March 2022

Eight chemical and microbial treatments were applied to 'Jubilee' sweet corn using fixedwing aircraft. Four applications were made at 5-day intervals beginning September 2 , 1976 (10% silk). Plots were one acre each, replicated four times in randomized blocks. Fifteen days after the last application, 50 ears were sampled from the center of each plot. Each ear was checked for earworm damage and the number of ears with one or more living earworms was also recorded. Extent of damage was rated for length using an index of 1 to 5 where 1 = 0 - 0 . 5 cm, 2 = 0 . 5 - 1 cm, 3 = 1 - 2 cm, 4 = 2 - 3 cm, and 5 = > 3 cm in length and for circumference where 1 = 1 - 2 kernels, 2 = up to 1/4, 3 = up to 1 / 2 , 4 = up to 3 / 4 , and 5 = up to entire circumference. Materials tested were also evaluated for toxicity to honey bees, using an index of 0 to 5 where 0 has no hazard, 1 having a short residual hazard, and 5 a long residual hazard.
Corn Earworm and European Corn Borer Control on Sweet Corn , 1976:
Authors: York Alan C.
Published: March 2022

The sweet corn was planted 3 July in rows 25 ft by 30 inches. Each treatment consisted of 2 rows separated from the next treatment by an untreated row. Sprays were applied with a compressed air sprayer, 100 gal per acre at 50 psi on 27 August, 29 August, 1 September, 4 September and harvested on 7 September. Damage was assessed by shucking 25 ears per treatment and checking for worm damage. Feeding on kernels at shank end was considered due to corn borer even if not present at harvest.
Potato Tuberworm and Potato Aphid Control on Potato with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1976
Authors: Hofmaster R. N.
Published: March 2022

'Pungo' Irish potatoes were planted, 10 inch spacing in 3 foot rows, on August 5, 1976. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single 25 foot long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. The sprays were applied with a D. B. Smith 5 gallon knapsack, hand-operated compressed air sprayer at the rate of 100 gallons/acre (40 psi) using a D. B. Smith #E147 adjustable cone nozzle. Applications were made on September 7, 14, 21 and 30 and October 7, 15 and 23, 1976, for all treatments except FMC 35093 and FMC 22864. Due to shortness of material FMC 35093 was applied only on September 7, 14 and 30 and FMC 22864 sprays were terminated after September 30. In evaluating the various insecticidal treatments the number of tuberworm mines in the foliage/10 hills and the number of aphids/10 terminal potato leaves were counted. The potatoes were harvested November 4.
Potato Tubermoth and Green Peach Aphid Control on Potato Foliage, 1976
Authors: McCalley Norman F.
Published: March 2022

'Kennebec' potatoes were planted June 4, with a two-row commercial potato planter on 36 inch rows at Salinas, CA. Insecticides were applied August 3, and August 25, with a tractor drawn sprayer equipped with a four bed boom fitted with 15 Spraying Systems 8002 flat fan nozzles operated at 100 psi, delivering 60 gpa dilute spray. Plots were four beds wide by 75 feet long replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Insect counts were taken from the center two rows of each plot selecting plants at random. August 19, sixteen days after the first application, all the foliage from four plants per plot were examined for treatment effects against tuberworm larvae. August 30, five days after the second application, green peach aphid apterae were counted by sampling 25 trifoliate leaflets per plot, selected from mid-plant height. Data were transformed to X + 0.5 and subjected to analysis of variance.
Potato Wireworm Control, Pasco, Washington, 1975
Authors: Toba H. H. , Turner J. E. , Powell D. M. , Mondor W. T.
Published: March 2022

The soil type was Ritzville Series, silt loam, with less than 0.5% organic matter. On March 3 and 11, soil samples were taken with a posthole digger to estimate the wireworm population. Thirteen wireworms were found in 132 samples, a calculated density of 0.9 wireworms/ft2, based on a 95% confidence limit. Preplant broadcast and at-plant band treatments were separate experiments. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Individual plots were 6 rows wide (34 in apart) and 50 ft long. On April 29, the preplant broadcast treatments were applied and incorporated into the soil. Granules were broadcast with a hand-operated grass seeder, and EC formulations were applied with a hand-held 2-row sprayer consisting of 4 Teejet nozzles. The EC formulations were diluted in water to a volume of 1 qt and applied at a rate of ca. 12.8 gal/acre at a pressure of 30 psi. The plots were rototilled to a depth of 6 inches within 2 hr after application. Potatoes were planted on May 22 and on May 23, the at-plant band treatments were applied 4 inches to each side and level with the seed pieces. Granules were applied with tractor-mounted Gandy applicators in 1-inch bands, 2 rows at a time. The EC formulations were diluted in water to a volume of 1 qt and applied at a pressure of 30 psi to 2 rows at a time by using a tractor-mounted applicator. All plots were sprinkler irrigated. Tuber samples were harvested on October 6 to 8 from the 2 center rows of each plot (15 ft/row). All samples were washed and examined, and the percentages, by weight, of injured and culled tubers due to wireworms were determined. “Injured” was defined as any injury severe enough to meet the description of “damage” in Sec. 51.1554 of the U. S. Standard for Potatoes. The percentages were transformed toX + 0.5 and analyzed by analysis of variance (split-plot design) and Duncan's new multiple range test.
Root Maggot Control on Rutabaga, 1976
Authors: Webb Ralph E. , Pilitt Dana R. , Cawley Bryant M. , Longridge J . L. , Libby J . L.
Published: March 2022

Experimental plots consisted of single 27 ft rows, with 36 inches between rows. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. The crop was planted and treated with a double-cone seeder on May 8. The seeding rate was 1 seed per inch with the plants being thinned to approximately 12 inch spacing. Foliar sprays were applied on July 13 and August 29 for control of the F1 and F2 generations respectively. Sprays were applied through a Solo back pack sprayer with a flat, fan spray nozzle delivering 70 gallons per acre. Root maggot readings were taken on September 23.
Evaluation of In-Furrow Applications of Insecticides For Sugarbeet Root Maggot Control, 1975
Authors: Anderson A. W. , Carlson R. B. , Dregseth R.
Published: March 2022

American Crystal hybrid 2B sugarbeets were planted May 25 in Bearden silt loam soil with good soil moisture at St. Thomas, North Dakota in two row plots 100 ft long with a 22 inch row spacing. Each treated plot was separated by two rows of untreated beets. Granular materials were applied behind the discs in the furrow as i t was closing so that the granules were above the seed and not in direct contact. Light drag chains were employed to further cover the row. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. The experiment was conducted under dryland conditions with above average rainfall during June and July. Damage ratings were taken July 16, by evaluating 8 beets from each plot on a scale of 1-4 (1 = no damage; 2 = slight damage, three small scars or less; 3 = moderate damage, less than 1/2 the root surface damaged; 4 = heavy damage, more than 1/2 of the root surface damaged, the plant dead or dying). Treatments were evaluated from yield estimates based on two 36 foot samples per plot (72') from treated rows taken on October 6.
Twospotted Spider Mite Control, 1976
Authors: Butt B. A. , Lydin L. V. , Joy D. N.
Published: March 2022

'U & I Hybrid 8' sugarbeers were planted March 23 at Sunnyside, WA, in Warden silt loam and on April 1 at Quincy, WA, in Timmerman sandy loam. All beets were furrow irrigated. The Quincy plots were 200 ft wide and 600 ft long, and the Sunnyside plots were 150 ft wide and 600 ft long. All treatments were applied by air. The Quincy plots were treated with 5 gal/acre on July 20 and 10 gal/acre on Aug. 24. The Sunnyside plots were treated with 10 gal/acre Aug. 6 and Aug. 30. Spider mite infestation was determined by collecting and brushing 25 leaves from each of the 16 subplots at each location. For data collection and analysis each plot was divided into 4 subplots 150 ft long. Ten samples of sugarbeets, each sample 10 ft long, were dug from each untreated and Comite treated subplot Oct. 28 and 29.
Sugarbeet Root Maggot Control, St. Thomas, North Dakota, 1974
Authors: Frye R. D. , Dregseth R. L.
Published: March 2022

Insecticide treatments were replicated seven times in a randomized-complete block test. The soil was mostly silty clay loam with a pH of approximately 7 and 5-8% organic matter. Plots consisted of four 60 ft rows, and were planted June 3. Insecticides were applied to all four rows at 3 mph. Treatments were made in the furrow, in 7 in. bands over the rows at planting, and 7 in . bands over the rows at post-fly emergence (June 24). Fly emergence reached the peak on June 25. The banded treatments were lightly incorporated into the soil with drag chains (1 3/4 in . links). Liquid materials were applied in 18 gal. water with 8002E nozzles at 40 psi. Weather conditions were favorable for insecticide application and for good beet growth later in the season. Very little rain fell after the materials were applied. Data consisted of yields from 30 f t . of beets from row 2 (from the left) in each plot. The data was transformed by x , and was analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan's new multiple range test. The functional maggot infestation (based on the amount of damage to untreated beets) indicates that there were sufficient maggots to provide satisfactory data. The infestation was light to moderate. The ave damage rating was 2.69 on a scale of 1 (no damage) to 5 (severe damage).
Control of Phyllophaga Larvae and Cornfield Ants in Field Corn In Northern Illinois, 1975
Authors: Sechriest Ralph E. , Paullus James H.
Published: March 2022

Preseason soil baiting for soil insects using a mixture of wheat and corn grain indicated a heavy population of white grub larvae within the upper 4 in of soil. Ants were observed after the corn seedlings had emerged. Insecticides were applied to 38 in row plots, 4 rows wide, on May 14' 1975, and compared to a check and the normal farmer-planting with no insecticide or herbicide. Each plot was relicated 3 times. The soil was a light brown loam with pH 6.3. The test was evaluated for grubs by counting the number of healthy and injured plants per 100 ft of row, digging 5 plants per plot to count the number of live and dead larvae, and hand harvesting 1/1000th of an acre in each plot. Ant colonies were counted in the middle two rows (7 in band area) on 100 ft per plot.
Dichlorvos Vapor For Control of Cotton Leafperforator and Other Insects in The Greenhouse, 1972-74
Authors: Benschoter C. A. , Bariola L. A. , Leal M. P.
Published: March 2022

The cotton leafperforator is a major pest on cotton grown in the greenhouse in Arizona and a continuous program of control is necessary to keep plants free of this insect. Other pests that appear sporadically and cause problems are the pink bollworm, Pectinophoragossypiella (Saunders), the cabbage looper, Trichoplusiani (Hubner), white-flies, Trialurodes spp., aphids, Aphis spp., various species of thrips and spider mites, Tetranychus spp. The 25 × 32 ft greenhouse (ca 8500 ft3) has a door in each end. One side contains two 24-inch diameter exhaust fans, and the opposite side has a full length window which, in the open position, allows air to be drawn through wet filters for evaporative cooling. As a funigation chamber, this greenhouse is not even moderately tight. In order to fumigate we simply closed the window and doors and shut off the fans. The liquid dichlorvos (technical grade, 96%) was slowly vaporized from a petri dish on a hot plate (70°C). A fan distributed the vapor within the room. We did not adhere to a strict schedule during this study and fumigated only when perforator moths were observed in the greenhouse. Biological effects were measured by exposing caged insects to greenhouse fumigation and by confining untreated insects on treated plants. A minimum of 4 replicates was used in each test.
Sorghum Shoot Fly Control, 1972-73
Authors: Patil Vasant L. , Jotwani M. G.
Published: March 2022

The research was conducted under the field conditions during Kharif (1972) and Summer (1973) seasons, at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Experiments were laid out in a randomized block design with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Plots consisted of 5 rows, each 3m in length, spaced 75 cm apart from each other. Total experimental area was 0.036 ha. Sorghum seeds of hybrid CSH-1 were hand sown in furrows, 15 cm apart from each other, 3 seeds/hill. The seedlings were thinned 7 days after germination to 1 healthy plant/hill. The Kharif crop was sown on Aug 9'72 and the summer crop was sown on Mar 10'73. Plots were irrigated to maintain sufficient moisture. Granules were applied in furrows before sowing and seed treatment with carbofuran 50WP w,as done just before sowing. Relative efficacy of systemic insecticides was evaluated by counting dead hearts in the main shoots and tillers up to 28 days after germination. The shoot f ly infestation was severe. The Kharif crop was harvested on Nov 10'72 and the Summer crop on June 1 '73. In summer due to high temperature, grain formation is adversely affected at New Delhi, therefore, grain yield was not recorded for this trial.
Sorghum Greenbug Control, 1975
Authors: Peters Leroy L.
Published: March 2022

Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications in Clay County, Nebraska. Each plot was 2 rows, 30 ft long (30 in centers). Plots were separated by 1 untreated row on each side and 1, 4 ft alley and a 15 ft wide untreated strip at each end. Granular insecticides were applied with a Noble metering device mounted on the planter or bicycle-wheeled carriage. Liquid insecticides were applied with a compressed air plot sprayer mounted on an International Harvester 140 tractor. Relative effectiveness of treatments was evaluated by counting live greenbugs on 10 plants selected at random from each plot until July 21 when 5 plants per plot were examined. Percent control was calculated by Abbott's formula.
Irish Potato, European Corn Borer Control, 1977
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Micahel L.
Published: March 2022

'Pungo' Irish potatoes were planted on Mar 17, in 3-row plots 25-ft long at the Tidewater Research Station near Plymouth, NC. Plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on Apr 28, May 3, 6, 10, 23, and 17, for a total of 6 applications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer operated at 100 psi and delivering the equivalent of 100 gallons of water/acre. A three-row boom was arranged with 3 hollow cone nozzles/row. Percent plants infested with European corn borer was determined on May 18. The middle row of the 3-row plots was harvested on Jun 28. Potatoes were field graded into #1's and 's and yields were taken.
Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1979
Authors: Storch R. H. , Sewell Gary H.
Published: March 2022

Experiments A, B, and C were randomized complete block designs with 6 replicates each and were conducted at Presque Isle, ME on land that was sown to oats In 1978. The planting date was May 21 for all experiments. In each experiment the 2.0 m space between blocks and the 1.4 m space between columns and at the sides and ends of the experiments were sown to oats after planting. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of potatoes 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long. The healthy seed pieces ca 57g each were hand planted 30.0 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight control was effected by weekly foliar applications of Rohm & Haas M45 (1121 g/ha weeks of Jul 1 through 22, 1781 g/ha weeks of Jul 29 through Aug 12, and 2242 g/ha weeks of Aug 19 and 26). Soil applications of insecticide were made by hand with a plastic tube applying previously weighed amounts of insecticide into the furrow just prior to planting. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles/row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 1.2 kl/ha. Foliar insecticides were mixed with the fungicide. Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on top, middle, and bottom leaves of 25 plants in the 2 middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application are the same, aphid counts were made prior to application of the insecticide. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the raw data using log10(x + 1). Means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using Duncan's new multiple range test and then reconverted as given in the Table. The soil was classified as Caribou loam, pH 5.2. Rainfall for June, July and August was respectively 72.7, 49.9 and 138.5 percent of normal. Temperature for the same 3 months departed +5.0°, +7.2° and +3.9°C from normal.
Combined Residues of Dasanit and its Three Metabolites Applied to Japanese Radish for Control of Root Maggotin 1977 and 1978
Authors: George D. A .
Published: March 2022

Dasanit 15%G and 6SC were each applied to Japanese radishes at rates of 1, 2, and 4 oz ai/1000 ft-row at the Yakima, WA research location, and at the rate of 2 and 4 oz ai/1000 ft-row at the Puyallup, WA experiment station in the crop years of 1977 and 1978. The granules were incorporated into the soil over the row in 6-in band widths at planting time; the SC was applied 30 days later as a spray directed at the base of the plants. There were 4 replications of each treatment. Thelaboratory procedure used for sampling, extraction, and cleanup of the extract is available on request.
Evaluation of Nematic1Des/Insecticides for Sweet Potato, Wayne County, 1978
Authors: Averre Charles W. , Barker Kenneth R. , Sorensen Kenneth A.
Published: March 2022

The effects of fumigant and non-fumigant nematicides/insecticides on nematodes and soil insects, yield, and quality of sweet potatoes were studied in a deep Norfolk sandy loam (pH = 6.4; O. M. = 0.5%; sand = 85.2%, silt = 10.1%, clay = 4.7%) in Wayne County, NC. The site had been planted to sweetpotatoes in 1977 and soybeans in 1976; root-knot nematode larvae counts of ca. 100/500 cm3 soil were low on May, 1978. On Jun 7, plots were hilled, and Vernam 6EC herbicide (.66 pt/acre) was applied. On Jun 14, fumigants were injected with a single chisel at a depth of ca. 6 inches centered over the row using a self-propelled applicator. Soil temperature at 6-inch depth was 83°F, air temperature was 90°F, and soil moisture was 85.3% of field capacity. On Jun 28, granular formulations were uniformly applied with a “salt shaker#x201D;, and wettable powders were suspended in water and applied as a drench at a rate of ca. 500 gal/acre or were applied with transplant water. Granular materials and drenches were applied to a 12-inch band over row centers, and within an hour incorporated to a depth of ca. 6-8 inches using a rototiller. Soil temperature at a 6-inch depth was 88°F, air temperature was 95°F, and soil moisture was fairly dry (77.6% of field capacity). On Jul 24, at layby, granular materials were uniformly applied to a 12-inch band over plant canopy using a “salt shaker#x201D;. Plots were single rows, 50-ft long, on 40-inch spacing. Treatments were replicated in four complete randomized blocks with 10-ft alleys between replications. On Oct 23, twelve soil borings (2 to 12-inch horizon) were taken from the root zone of each plot, composited, assayed for nematodes (extracted by the elutriation-centrifugation technique) and identified. On Oct 24, roots were harvested, graded into U.S.D.A. size grades (Jumbo, No. 1, Conner), and weighed; fifteen roots (5 canner, 5 small and 5 medium No. 1) were removed from each plot and rated for nematode, wireworm, white grub, and flea beetle damage; internal nematode infection was counted by slicing ca. 40% of the distal portion of each root in 2-mm sections and counting internal lesions. Weather during growing season was dry, and plants were under moisture stress in late summer. There was no water injury to roots at harvest as had occurred in previous years.
Control of Whitefringed Beetles on Sweet Potatoes, 1978
Authors: Kouskolekas C. A. , Carlton C. C. , Strother G. R.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted on a grower's field near Clanton, AL. Each plot consisted of 4 rows, 500-ft bng, with a row width of 42-inches and 12-inch spacing on the row. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. All insecticides used were granular and were preplant-incorporated (to a depth of 6 inches) using a Rotera equipped with Gandy granule applicator on May 25 and 26. Mocap at 6.0 lbs ai/acre was used as a nematicide. The slips were planted Jun 12, and the crop was dug Oct 11. Harvest sample consisted of 50 row-ft from each of the 2 middle rows of each plot. Yield and damage data were taken Oct 12 and 13. Roots were graded visually into 4 categories: No. 1, No. 2, jumbo and rough, culls. All No. 1 and No. 2 roots were examined (and rated) for damage by whitefringed beetle larvae (WFB) and other unidentified insects (wireworms, flea beetle larvae, cutworms). Drought conditions prevailed during the test.
Wireworm Control on Sweet Potatoes, Johnston County, 1978
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L.
Published: March 2022

Six row plots of 'Centennial' sweet potatoes, approximately 500-ft long, were treated at layby on Jul 25, near Benson, NC. A randomized complete block design was used with four replications. Treatments were applied by a sixrow fertilizer spreader. Potatoes were harvested on Sep 22. Wireworm damage was evaluated by scoring 25 roots selected at random from the middle 4 rows of each plot. Damage classes were: 0 = no damage; 1 = 1-5 holes; 2 = 6-10 holes; 3 = 11 or more holes/sweet potato. The total number of roots in each damage class/plot was then multiplied by a damage factor. Flea beetle damage was negligible.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Tomato, 1979
Authors: Schuster David J. , Price James F.
Published: March 2022

'Tempo' transplants were set during the first week of February in a commercial field on 3 ft wide beds of nonfumigated Myakka fine sand covered with black ployethylene mulch. Plants were spaced 32 in. in rows 6 ft apart and stoked. Plots consisted of 4 rows 500-ft long and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. No insecticides were applied to the foliage of the plants prior to the experiment. A single application of each treatment was made Apr 9 with a tractor pulled high clearance power sprayer equipped with 6 nozzles (' 4 disks)/row, delivering 70 gal/acre at 200 psi. One and 3 days later the number of lepldopterous larvae observed in the equivalent of 1 manhour search/plot was recorded. Three days after the application, foliage with 100 leaf mines containing either living or parasitized larvae was randomly removed from each plot and held in 1 qt ice cream cartons for the emergence of leafminer and parasite adults.
Early Season Potato Aphid Control on Tomato, 1979
Authors: Snodderly L. J. , Lambdin P. L.
Published: March 2022

Six insecticides were evaluated for control of early season aphid pests at the Plant Science Field Laboratory, Knox County, TN. Six-week-old tomato seedlings were transplanted into Holston silt loam soil Apr 15. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Insecticides were foliar applied to run off with a CO2 back-pack sprayer on Jun 13. Aphids were counted weekly from one randomly selected plant/plot.
Combined Residues of Dasanit and its Three Metabolites Applied to Turnips for Control of Root Maggot in 1977 and 1978
Authors: George D. A.
Published: March 2022

Dasanit 15% G and 6SC were each applied to purple top white globe turnips at rates of 1, 2, and 4 oz ai/1000 ft-row at the Yakima, WA research location and at rates of 2 and 4 oz ai/1000 ft-row at Puyallup, WA experiment station in the crop years of '77 and '78. The granules were incorporated into the soil over the row in 6-in band widths at planting time; the SC was applied 30 days later as a spray directed at the base of the plants. There were 4 replications of each treatment. The laboratory procedure used for sampling, extraction, and cleanup of the extract is available on request. The combined residues were determined on harvest samples taken approximately 40 days after the spray application. The residues were determined with a Hewlett Packard 5840A gas chromatograph equipped with a nitrogen-phorphorus detector. Column: 2% OV-101 on Gas Chrom Q (100/200 mesh), glass 4 ft × 1/8 in. Known amounts of fensulfofhion and its 3 metabolites (sulfone, oxygen analog, oxygen analog sulfone) were added in the range of 0.01 to 5.00 ppm to untreated control samples prior to extraction and the percent recovery was determined.
Alfalfa Insect Control, 1978
Authors: Harold Arnett W.
Published: March 2022

Test one was conducted at the Main Station Field Laboratory at Reno on a 5 year old stand of alfalfa var. Lahonton. Treatments were applied when plant growth was 10-12 in high with 10 percent of terminals showing weevil damage. Plots were 25 × 50 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments were made on May 30 with CO2 activated sprayer calibrated to deliver 26.4 gpa at 30 psi. Control was evaluated at 3, 7, 14, 21 days post treatment and was based on 10, 180 degree sweeps of a standard net from each rep. Test two was at the Newland's Field Station, Fallon, on an eight year old stand of alfalfa var. Ranger. Treatments were applied when growth was 12-14 in with 10 percent of the terminals showing weevil damage. Plots were 25 × 50 ft with 3 replicates arranged in a complete randomized block design. Treatments were made May 26 with a CO2 activated sprayer calibrated to deliver 23.2 gpa at 30 psi. Control was evaluated for both alfalfa weevil and aphids (predominately pea) at 3, 7, 14 days post treatment and was based on 10, 180 degree sweeps of a standard net from each rep.
Preplant Systemic Insecticides for Alfalfa Establishment, 1979
Authors: Cuperus Gerrit W. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

Furadan was applied as soil-incorporated, preplant treatments to assess me benefit of using systemic insecticides in alfalfa establishment. Experiments were conducted at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, Minnesota on Waukegan silt loam. Treatments were applied May 15 to plots 42 × 42 ft (0.04 acre) randomized in a complete block design with 5 replications. Granular applications were made by an Ortho-Whirlybird manual spreader, spray applications were made by tractor-drawn boom sprayer in 20 gal/acre at 50 psl. A seeding rate of 10 lb/acre was used. Insect populations were sampled twice by vacuum machine (15 "put-down" of an 8-in dia vacuum hose, equivalent to a sample area of ca 0.4m /plot). Stand counts were taken twice, June 19 and July 17 (10 1-sq ft samples/plot).
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1979
Authors: Hower Arthur A.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted on The Pennsylvania State University research farms near Rock Springs. Insecticide sprays were applied May 9 to 20 × 20 ft plots in an randomized complete block design with untreated check in 4 replications. Spray concentrations were applied in 30 gal of water per acre at 50 psi with a small plot boom type sprayer. Alfalfa weevil densities were estimated from 5 - 180° sweep samples taken randomly across each plot with a 15 in dia, heavy duty insect net. The sweep arc was maintained approximately 18 in from the sweeper's feet. All sweep samples were taken by the same person. Weevil densities were evaluated 7, 17 and 21 days post treatment. Rain prevented a 14 day sample. Alfalfa yield was determined from 2 - 3 × 20 ft samples taken per plot on June 4.
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Missouri 1979
Authors: Huggans J. L. , Jackson K. , Reber D.
Published: March 2022

The test area was part of a 10 acre 5 year old stand of WL-307 alfalfa. The soil is a Shelby loam with a 5-10% slope and 4-8 inch surface soil. Sprays of the compounds under test were applied May 15 to 20 × 90 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in four replications. Finished spray treatments were applied at the rate of 20 gpa at 40 psi with an IH tractor rigged with a 20 ft spray boom and a power take-off powered roller pump. The nozzles were FS 6 with 50 mesh filter screens. Temperature at application was 73° F with no wind and clear. Evaluations were made at 7, 14, and 21 days post-treatment. Each sample per plot consisted of 10-180° sweeps of a 15 inch diameter insect sweep net. Each 10 sweep composite sample was bagged and frozen for later separation and counting. Labeled materials recommended for alfalfa weevil control by the University included in the test for standards of comparison were: Imidan 50 WP, Furadan 4F and Panncap M 2 FM. For analytical purposes the original count data were transformed by X-1. The means reported are of original counts.
Apple, Insecticide Test, 1979
Authors: Hill Clarence H. , Cobb Leonard J.
Published: March 2022

The experimental, standard and tank-mix insecticide treatments were applied in comparative tests to 20 plus year old Rome trees on Jun 5 and 6, 27 and 28, Jul 18 and 19, Aug 7 and 8, and 28 and 29. The trees were sprayed to run-off with a Bean 35-gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 540 psi. The treatments were applied to single trees, replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Other sprays used were oil and Difolatan, phosphamidon, sulfur, Cyprex, Sevin, Karathane and captan. Captan was the major fungicide used throughout the season. These materials were applied at the rate of 100 gal/A (3X cone.) with a Hardie 525 airblast sprayer. In addition to mi te evaluations on Jul 12 and Aug 14, fruit was evaluated at harvest time (late Sep) for insect damage and to measure treatment effects on fruit finish. Damage by the variegated leafroller and the tufted apple budmoth is similar and therefore is combined in the table. For purposes of analysis a division was made as indicated in the tables between new experimental materials and standard materials or tank-mixes of standard materials.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1979
Authors: Young Jerry H. , Rivers Ron , Price Richard , Gould Richard , Mussett Kevin
Published: March 2022

Westburn M was planted on May 9 at the Altus Irrigation Research Station, Altus, Oklahoma at 20 lb per acre. Seven-row plots, 400 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design were used. Spray applications were made with a Hahn High-Boy sprayer traveling at a speed of 4 mph at 40 psl. Insecticide applications consisted of 1.96 gal of total spray mixture per acre with one number 6 (Spraying Systems) nozzle per row. Three applications were made between August 8 and 24. Intervals between applications ranged from 7 to 9 days. Plots were irrigated with approximately 2-3 inches of water on July 30 and August 11. Rainfall during the treatment period was as follows: Aug 20, .7 inch; Aug 21,.58 inch; Aug 22, trace; Aug 23, .15 inch; Aug 24, trace; Aug 25, .52 inch; Aug 26, trace; Aug 27, 4.44 inch and Aug 28, .1 inch for a total of 6.49 inches. Damage was estimated by collecting at random 100 fruits prior to spraying from the upper one-third of the plants in each plot. Heliothis spp. populations were considered light except for August 21 when the population was considered moderate. Heliothis spp. determinations are as follows: Aug 14, 100% H. zea; Aug 21, 81% H. zea, 19% H. virecens; Aug 30, 92% H. zea, 8% H. virescens. Yields were estimated by counting the number of mature bolls for 13 ft of row for each treatment in each replicate and converting it to lb lint/acre.
Apple, Airblast Treatments, 1979
Authors: Hill Clarence H. , Cobb Leonard J.
Published: March 2022

Treatments consisting of 7 applications were applied to mature frees on semidwarf roofstocks with a Bean 1229, three point hitch, power-take-off sprayer, at 50 gal/A. Each treatment consisted of 4-cell plots, each of which had 2 Winesap and 2 York trees surrounded by treated guard trees. Other sprays applied to plot areas were benomyl, Thylate, Karathane, streptomycin, Polyram, captan, Dikar, Omite, and Plictran. Midseason mite counts were made. Apples were evaluated at harvest for damage by leafrollers, scale, and effects on finish. Leafroller damage was determined to be either “early season” or “late season” depending on the amount of rot or decay around the feeding site.
Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Foliar Sprays for Control Of Rivula Sp Nr Atimeta (Lepidoptera
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Malabuyoc L. A.
Published: March 2022

Noctuidae). IRRI LABORATORY, 1978: Two application methods were used to evaluate the insecticides at the IRRI Laboratory in Manila. In the contact toxicity study 10 3rd instar larvae each were treated in a Potter’s Spray Tower. Insecticides were applied at 0.04% sprays in volume of 2 ml and at a vacuum pressure of 0.71 kg/cm. After treatment insects were placed in petri dishes with untreated TNI leaves. Mortality was determined 48 hours after treatment. In the foliar spray test 25 ml of a 0.05% concentration of insecticide (equivalent to 0.8 kg ai/ha) were applied on 30 day-old rice plants. At one day after spraying leaf sections were cut and placed in petri dishes and infested with 10 third instar larvae. Mortality was determined 48 hours later. Both studies were conducted at a temperature of 27 t 1�C, replicated 4 times and mortality values were adjusted using Abbott’s formula.
Chemical Control of Sorghum Midge, 1979
Authors: Fuchs T. W.
Published: March 2022

Test plots 4 rows wide × 65 ft and replicated 4 times were planted to moisture on April 2’79. Two rows on either side of each plot were previously planted on March 10’79, to promote a midge infestation. Mesurol at 1.0 lb ai/acre used as a hopper-box treatment to repell birds. Six applications of each treatment were applied at daily intervals beginning on May 28’79, to the middle 2 rows of the 4 row plots. A self-propelled, high clearance sprayer delivered 5 gal of finished formulation per acre by means of a CO2 powered system. Adult midge populations were extremely high, averaging 10-30 per head in the untreated plots throughout the test. Treatments were terminated after 6 applications due to rainfall. Efficacy was evaluated for 14 days by recording the number of adult midges which emerged from 5 heads/plot excised 11 days after the initial application and from estimated grain sorghum yields.
Velvetbean Caterpillar Ld*Jq Studies, 1973
Authors: Dudley Guthrie Charles , Bass Max H.
Published: March 2022

Twelve insecticides were tested against the velvetbean caterpillar. Four to six treatment rates plus a solvent-treated check were included for each insecticide tested. A 50% acetone-water mixture was used to dissolve and dilute technical grade carbaryl and acephate to the desired concentrations. Solutions of other chemicals were prepared by dissolving and diluting technical grade materials with pure acetone. All treatments were administered with a rmcroapplicator (Isco, Model M). Test insects from an established laboratory culture of velvetbean caterpillar were used. Larbae were supplied with fresh soybean leaves daily. Last-Instar velvetbean caterpillar larvae were apportioned randomly into groups of 10. Groups were weighed collectively, and the mean weight of larvae of each group was used to determine dosages of insecticides. Individuals were topically treated with 1 u! of solution applied to the thoracic dorsum. After treatment, larvae were placed in 236 ml screen-topped cardboard cups with fresh soybean leaves. These cups were then returned to the rearing room with 25�C, 50% RH, 12/12 h light/dark phoroperiod. Mortality counts were made 24 h after treatment. The method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949) was used to calculate dosage-mortality curves and LD5Q values (expressed as ug of roxicant/g of insect).
Potato Leafhopper Control on Soybeans
Authors: Hammond Ronald B.
Published: March 2022

Fifteen soybean plots were located at the Southern Branch of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Plots measured 50 ft by 4 rows (30-in centers) and were bordered by 4 rows. Soil type was an Allensville silt loam, pH = 6.2, and 2% organic matter. Experimental design was a randomized complete block design, 3 blocks each with 5 treatments. Treatments were applied in-furrow with a 4-row John Deere planter with Gandy applicators. Plots then received a herbicide application of Sencor at 0.5 lb and Lasso at 4 lb ai/acre. Soybeans were sampled with a 15-in dia sweep-net (25 sweeps/plot) on June 5, 26, July 18, and Aug 5 (34, 55, 77, and 105 days postplanting, respectively). Soybean plant growth stages at sampling were: V3 - 3 nodes present, Rl - beginning bloom, R2 - bloom stage, and R5 - beginning pod fill, respectively. Samples were examined for potato leafhoppers (PLH) in the laboratory. Stand counts were taken and plants examined for visual signs of phyto-toxicity on June 5. Total rainfall from planting to harvest was as follows: May 4,10 in, June 6.57 in, July 5.74 in, August 5.78 in, September 9.53 in, and October 1.91 in. Moisture conditions were considered extremely wet. Soybeans were hand harvested on October 12’79.
Insect Control on Dark-Fire Tobacco, 1978
Authors: Semtner Paul J.
Published: March 2022

’Virginia 309’ dark fire-cured tobacco was transplanted on May 25’78 in 4 ft rows with 26 inch spacing. Treatment plots 40 ft long and 4 rows wide were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 3 times. Granular insecticides were ap-plied with a hand operated Cyclone narrow band spreader. Furadan 4F was applied with a 2.5 gal CO2~p0wered knapsack sprayer operated at 30 psi and deliv-ering 30 gal of finished spray/acre through a Whirljet nozzle. Preplant soil-incorporated treatments were applied and incorporporated by disking on May 19,78. Plot soil had a fine sandy loam texture and the temperature was ca 80� F at the time of application. Spray treatments were applied on July 11 using a CO2-powered knapsack sprayer operated at 60 psi and delivering 23.3 gal/acre through a single solid cone nozzle. Insect counts and yield data were determined for the 2 center rows of each plot. Green peach aphid counts were made by estimating the number of aphids present on 2 upper leaves of 10 plants/plot and tobacco flea beetle populations were counted for one side of 10 plants in each plot. Tobacco hornworms were counted on all plants in the 2 center rows of each plot.
Tobacco Hornworm and Sucker Control on Tobacco With Tank Mixes of Dipel And Sucker Control Agents, 1979
Authors: Southern P. S. , Collins W. K.
Published: March 2022

On-farm tests were conducted in Wake and Lee counties, North Carolina, to assess the efficacy of tank mixes of Dipel WP and various sucker control agents. Plots were 0.025 acres, consisted of 4 rows separated by vacant fifth rows and 16-20 ft turn alleys, and were arranged in a randomized complete block design in 3 replicates. Two groups of treatments were tested. Group 1 treatments were tested against an artificially created homworm infestation at topping. Group 2 treatments were tested against a second artificial infestation (in different plots) 7-9 days later. Sucker control agents alone and tank mixes with Dipel were applied at 20 psi. Dipel applied separately was applied at 55 psi. All applications delivered 50 gal per acre of finished spray through three nozzles per row. Plots receiving Group 1 treatments were preceded (7-9 days) by application of the appropriate contact sucker control agent. Sixty (predominantly) second instar larvae were transferred from greenhouse tobacco to 40 plants near the center of each plot. After 2-3 days, established larvae were counted and treatments made. Three days later, surviving larvae were counted. Sucker control was evaluated on 20 plants 4-5 weeks after the final treatment. Hornworm survival was compared using the chi-square test. The effect of treatment on sucker weight, sucker number (transformed: square root of number + 0.5), yield and qualify were compared in a two-way analysis of variance using Student’s f-fest.
Wild Black Cherry, Chemical Control of Eastern Tent Caterpillar,Lafayette, Indiana, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

A series of 14 treatments was applied to small wild black cherry trees at the Duncan Electric Company, Lafayette, Indiana on May 21'79. The materials were applied with a one gallon B & G stainless steel sprayer operating at 30 psi. Temperature at the time of application was 69-70° F. The caterpillars were nearing maturity. The experiment was replicated three times. There was no evidence of phytotoxicity thru nine days post treatment. Immediately following treatment 10 treated larvae were col-lected in plastic bags for observation and mortality counts. Forty-eight hours after treatment the number of larvae per nest were counted.
Control of Citrus Mealybug on Coleus, Wax Plant and Philodendron, 1978
Authors: Pilitt Dona R. , Neal John W.
Published: March 2022

Test plants were infested with citrus mealybug by over-laying cut stems and leaves from heavily infested coleus. Each treatment was applied to 10 plants purchased from a commercial grower for these tests. Appli-cations were to runoff with a Hudson Climax 3-gallon sprayer maintained at full pressure. Coleus plants were sprayed on Sept 26 when the temperature was 75°F. Hoya tests were sprayed July 20 when it was 80-87°F. Philodendron plants were sprayed Aug 17 at 84-86°F. The Temik used was prepared in individually weighed amounts for each pot. The plants were watered immediately after application of the pesticides and then as necessary during a one-month holding per-iod. Additional groups of 10 plants of each type served as untreated checks. Each chemical was also applied at 2X and 4X rate for determination of phyro-toxicity. For the test of efficacy the philodendron were held 4 days; then 6 leaves and associated nodes were examined. Coleus were held for 7 days and then 5 of the largest leaves on each plant (no 2 leaves from the same node) were examined. Hoya plants were held for 12 days and then 6 leaves per plant were examined.
Dwarf Evergreen Euonymus, Hemispherical Scale Control, 1979
Authors: Williams Michael L.
Published: March 2022

Thirty six 8-10 inch tall, container-grown dwarf evergreen euonymus, heavily infested with hemispherical scale (300-400 per 2 inch section of growing tip), were selected for treatment. Test plants were growing in 6 inch pots. All stages of hemispherical scale were present. A single application of test materials was made out-of-doors Jun 18'79. Chevron spray sticker was added to all treatments at the rate of 2.4 ml/gal of spray mixture. Plants were sprayed to run-off using compressed air sprayers. Treatments were replicated 3 times, one plant constituting a replication. Plants were allowed to dry and then were returned to a plastic greenhouse. Mortality was determined Jul 3'79 by counting 100 individuals per plant. Counts were made with the use of a stereo-microscope by examining each scale insect and scoring it as living if normally-colored and full-bodied or dead if it was discolored and shriveled or dried.
Boston Sword Fern, Brown Soft Scale Control, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

A series of 8 treatments were applied to Boston sword ferns in 6 inch pots in the Purdue Entomology greenhouse on May 31 '79- Treatments were applied with a B & G stainless steel one gallon compressed air sprayer operating at 30 psi. A single potted fern comprised a plot. Two weeks post treatment the numbers of live and dead nymphs were counted under a dissecting microscope from 10 leaflets per treatment. The experiment was replicated four times