bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Riding the waves of uncertainty: Towards strategic agility in medicine supply systems
Authors: Dube Nonhlanhla , Selviaridis Kostas , van Oorschot Kim E. , Jahre Marianne
Published: September 2024

We investigate how organizations embedded in a supply system collectively respond to risks and seize opportunities arising from crisis events under shifting forms of uncertainty. Using the United Kingdom (UK) medicine supply system as the research context, we explore how decision‐makers navigated the effects of an event with knowable implications (UK's European Union exit, 2016–2020) followed by an event with unknowable implications (COVID‐19 global pandemic, 2020–2021). We adopt a longitudinal case research design that incorporates causal loop diagramming, to understand the system's responses. We find that learning evolves as crisis events unfold, changing from surface (know‐what) to deep (know‐why and ‐how) and at the highest level, it is transcendent. Transcendent learning entails understanding system effects into the future (i.e., beyond the past and present) and in relation to other supply systems (i.e., beyond the UK system). Capabilities to absorb, avoid, and accelerate away from shocks are developed sequentially as learning changes. We contribute to prior research by developing a theory of system‐level strategic agility and the adaptation processes that underpin it. The latter hinge on dynamic resource (re)allocation and the continuous (re)configuration of processes, protocols, regulations, and structures.
How Tourism Development Leads to Residents' Subjective Happiness Through Their Quality of Life: A Social Exchange Theory Perspective
Authors: Gautam Vikas , Bhalla Saubhagya
Published: September 2024

The present research confirmed a comprehensive model for examining the connections between tourist development, subjective happiness, residents' quality of life, and support for sustainable tourism development. Study hypotheses were tested using a covariance‐based structural equation modeling analytical technique with 451 data points. The structural model found socio‐economic impact as the most vital antecedent of quality of life, followed by social impact, cultural impact, and environmental impact. In addition, social impact emerged as the most important predictor of subjective happiness, followed by cultural impact and quality of life. Moreover, the full mediating effect of residents' quality of life was confirmed in two paths, namely, socio‐economic impact to subjective happiness and environmental impact to subjective happiness. Finally, a study model confirmed a positive and significant effect of residents' quality of life on their support for sustainable tourism development. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed at large.
Hearing Loss in Children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Arganbright Jill , Crowley Terrence Blaine , Tracy Meghan , Noel‐MacDonnell Janelle , Gaiser Kim , Yaktine Lori , Moore Amanda , Hamm Jamie , Morrow Bernice , Song Hansoo , Giunta Victoria , McGinn Daniel E. , Zackai Elaine H. , Emanuel Beverly , Elden Lisa , Narayanan Srivats , Raje Nikita , McDonald‐McGinn Donna M.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Hearing loss is considered common in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), with a few prior studies reporting a 32%–78% prevalence; mild–moderate conductive hearing loss has been reported most commonly. Overall, however, there remains a paucity of data regarding the frequency, type, age, and progression of hearing loss in children with 22q11.2DS.

Methods

Retrospective chart review was completed, and data combined for two large 22q centers. Inclusion criteria were children with 22q11.2DS and a documented audiogram. Data extracted included a laboratory‐confirmed chromosome 22q11.2 deletion; co‐morbidities; results of all audiograms and radiologic temporal bone imaging; and otologic surgical procedures.

Results

One thousand seven hundred sixty‐nine charts were reviewed; 775 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 563 (73%) children had at least one abnormal audiogram demonstrating hearing loss. A total of 2,536 audiograms were reviewed; 74% of these showed abnormal hearing in at least one ear. Most of the hearing loss was conductive (right ear 76%; left ear 69%) and mild severity. For the children with SNHL, 90% of all follow‐up audiograms were stable without progression. Hearing loss was identified across all pediatric age ranges. Ear tube placement occurred in 39% of children.

Conclusion

This study confirms the high incidence of hearing loss for children with 22q11.2DS at some point in their childhood. In our cohort, hearing loss occurred in 73% of children and was most often conductive and mild in severity. The results highlight the importance of otolaryngology and audiology involvement in managing children with 22q11.2DS for timely diagnosis and treatment of hearing loss.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 135:929–934, 2025
Comparative Assessment of Otolaryngology Knowledge Among Large Language Models
Authors: Merlino Dante J. , Brufau Santiago R. , Saieed George , Van Abel Kathryn M. , Price Daniel L. , Archibald David J. , Ator Gregory A. , Carlson Matthew L.
Published: September 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of advanced large language models from OpenAI (GPT‐3.5 and GPT‐4), Google (PaLM2 and MedPaLM), and an open source model from Meta (Llama3:70b) in answering clinical test multiple choice questions in the field of otolaryngology—head and neck surgery.

Methods

A dataset of 4566 otolaryngology questions was used; each model was provided a standardized prompt followed by a question. One hundred questions that were answered incorrectly by all models were further interrogated to gain insight into the causes of incorrect answers.

Results

GPT4 was the most accurate, correctly answering 3520 of 4566 questions (77.1%). MedPaLM correctly answered 3223 of 4566 (70.6%) questions, while llama3:70b, GPT3.5, and PaLM2 were correct on 3052 of 4566 (66.8%), 2672 of 4566 (58.5%), and 2583 of 4566 (56.5%) questions. Three hundred and sixty‐nine questions were answered incorrectly by all models. Prompts to provide reasoning improved accuracy in all models: GPT4 changed from incorrect to correct answer 31% of the time, while GPT3.5, Llama3, PaLM2, and MedPaLM corrected their responses 25%, 18%, 19%, and 17% of the time, respectively.

Conclusion

Large language models vary in their understanding of otolaryngology‐specific clinical knowledge. OpenAI's GPT4 has a strong understanding of core concepts as well as detailed information in the field of otolaryngology. Its baseline understanding in this field makes it well‐suited to serve in roles related to head and neck surgery education provided that the appropriate precautions are taken and potential limitations are understood.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 135:629–634, 2025
Defining the Treatment Window: Early Versus Late Pulsed Dye Laser Therapy for Posttraumatic and Surgical Scars in Asian Patients
Authors: Chang Han‐Yuan , Wu Bing‐Qi , Chang Chang‐Cheng , Chen Yu‐Tsung , Wang Yen‐Jen
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This retrospective study evaluates the effectiveness of pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment in early versus late treatment groups for traumatic or postoperative scars. The study aims to determine the threshold between early and late treatment. Additionally, it investigates factors that may influence wound healing outcomes.

Methods

The medical records of 147 patients who underwent PDL treatment at our institution between January 2018 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were patients receiving PDL treatment for traumatic or postoperative scars. Out of these patients, we selected those who were willing to receive telephone interviews or re‐visit at a scheduled time. Eventually, 52 participants were included in our study. A standardized questionnaire was administered to all participants during telephone interviews, encompassing inquiries regarding their medical history, treatment experiences, and the patient component of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. Among the enrolled patients, 38 were contacted and interviewed via telephone, while the remaining 14 patients attended follow‐up visits where photographs of their current skin condition were captured. The pretreatment and latest follow‐up photographs obtained from the clinical database were independently scored in a blinded manner by two dermatologist reviewers using both the Vancouver Scar Scale and the Manchester Scar Scale.

Results

Among the 52 patients, 43 (82.7%) were successfully treated with good response. The correlation coefficients between week‐to‐treatment initiation and posttreatment MSS and VSS among patients with good response were 0.50 (p < 0.001) and 0.46 (p = 0.002), respectively. Given these findings, we established a treatment initiation threshold of 10 weeks, distinguishing patients into early and late treatment groups. The early treatment group showed borderline significantly lower posttreatment MSS and VSS scores than the late treatment group (MSS: 7.5 ± 2.1 vs. 9.3 ± 2.5, p = 0.011; VSS: 2.8 ± 2.0 vs. 4.5 ± 2.3, p = 0.011). Furthermore, both MSS and VSS of posttreatment showed significantly greater improvement in the early treatment group (4.4 ± 1.6 vs. 3.2 ± 1.9; p = 0.03 and 3.8 ± 1.8 vs. 2.8 ± 1.4; p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Early intervention using a PDL within 10 weeks post‐injury achieved better outcomes in treating traumatic and postoperative scars based on both clinical and patient opinions.
The 2910‐nm Fiber Laser Is Safe and Effective for Improving Acne Scarring
Authors: Bernstein Eric , Alajmi Ali , Wang Jennifer , Hochman Edward , Biesman Brian , Sanzo James F.
Published: September 2024

Background

Acne scarring results from the inflammation associated with acne papules, which alters dermal collagen, typically producing depressed scars. Lasers have been used to remodel skin improving the texture and appearance of acne scars. Herein, we investigate a new 2910 nm, erbium‐doped, fluoride glass, fiber laser for improving acne scars. This novel laser delivers up to 5000 Hz low‐energy pulses, providing a unique treatment modality.

Methods

Fourteen subjects with rolling and/or boxcar acne scars were enrolled in this study. Thirteen subjects completed the final visit and received three treatments with the 2910 nm fiber laser at 6–8‐week intervals. Eight subjects were Fitzpatrick type II and five were Fitzpatrick type III. Digital images were taken pre‐ and 1‐ and 3‐months posttreatment and evaluated by two blinded reviewers in a randomized fashion for improvement. Subjects and the treating physician completed a Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) before treatment and at each visit to subjectively evaluate treatment effect. Histological analysis was performed on ex vivo lower eyelid skin samples. Side effects were evaluated by the treating physician and included erythema, edema, and pinpoint bleeding.

Results

Evaluation of blinded digital images revealed a mean improvement of 47.3% ± 14.2% (mean ± SEM) 3 months following the final treatment. GAIS scores demonstrated improvement as evaluated by both the subjects and the treating physician. Side effects averaged trace‐to‐mild erythema, edema, and pinpoint bleeding.

Conclusion

This study shows that the 2910 nm, erbium‐doped, fluoride glass, fiber laser is safe and effective for improving the appearance of acne scars.
Numerical Simulation on Cathodic Protection Potential Distribution Along Horizontal Directional Drilling Pipe
Authors: Zhuang Dawei , Du Yanxia , Tang Dezhi , Du Chen
Published: September 2024

Evaluating the cathodic protection (CP) effectiveness of horizontal directional drilling (HDD) pipe is a significant technical challenge, due to the feasibility of testing only in shallow buried areas at entry/exit extremities, and not in deeply buried areas or the crossing section of the pipe. Numerical simulation provides a method to evaluate the CP effectiveness of HDD pipes. To improve the accuracy of potential distribution along the HDD pipe, it is necessary to adopt appropriate boundary conditions of the HDD pipe and accurate holiday models of coating. A specialized deep well polarization test device was designed and employed in the field to obtain the actual polarization characteristics as the boundary condition of the HDD pipe at buried depths ranging from 2 to 25 m. The result revealed that the polarization characteristics of HDD pipe in various depths were different and the potential distribution of the actual situation was greatly different from the potential distribution of the shallow aerobic soil. The potential distribution along the HDD pipe was analyzed in two types of holiday models. The results could be used as a reference for the CP effectiveness evaluation of HDD pipes.
Evaluating the conservation benefit of circle hooks for the Atlantic Striped Bass recreational fishery
Authors: Dean Micah J. , Hoffman William S. , Gahagan Benjamin I. , Nelson Gary A. , Armstrong Michael P.
Published: September 2024

Objective

The Striped Bass Morone saxatilis is one of the most sought-after recreational fish species along the US Atlantic coast. Regulations and a strong conservation ethic among anglers make Striped Bass among the most frequently released coastal marine fishes. A recent rule requires anglers to use circle hooks when targeting Striped Bass with natural baits, yet the conservation benefit of this action remains unclear.

Methods

We used acoustic telemetry to monitor the fate of Striped Bass that were recreationally caught with baited hooks (n = 349) and to estimate the influence of various biological (fish size), fishery (fight time, handling time, hook location, bait type, and hook type), and environmental (water temperature and air temperature) variables on postrelease survival.

Result

A semi-quantitative score of fish release condition was the single best predictor of mortality. A broader dataset that included untagged fish (n = 716) was used to identify the best predictors of fish release condition, which included hook location and handling time.

Conclusion

Contrary to expectations, the circle hooks used in this study did not result in lower release mortality than conventional J-hooks.
An epsilon‐near‐zero circuit based on half‐mode SIW with enhanced integrability for applications of narrowband large group delay
Authors: Dai Xinfeng , Feng Wenjie , Che Wenquan
Published: September 2024

The tunneling effect of an epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) is exploited to fulfill a narrowband large group delay by using a compact half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide structure built on thin substrate. The ENZ channel possesses a finite input impedance at the tunneling frequency point, and the finite input impedance can be matched to the final I/O port simply by a quarter wavelength impedance transformer. Thus, the enhanced integrability is realized in a planar form in the proposed circuit comparing to the conventional waveguide ENZ channel. Meanwhile, in the real ENZ channel, the effective impedance is observed to be close to 50 Ω, so that the ENZ can be connected with 50 Ω microstrip directly, which has been experimentally validated. The final measured net group delay is 1.36 ns at 3.08 GHz with 3.6 dB insertion loss, and the proposed method provides an alternative for the group delay engineering.
Transformation processes in the osteoarchaeological record between the Iron Age and the Roman times with reference to the civitas Treverorum
Authors: Teegen Wolf‐Rüdiger
Published: September 2024

This paper discusses transformations in human behavior between the Iron Age and the Roman times in the tribal territory of the Treveri, later civitas Treverorum, located between the Rhine and the Ardennes. This aspect has been examined from two perspectives: first, from an anthropological point of view vis‐a‐vis the historical inhabitants, and second, from an archaeozoological perspective regarding domestic animals. Due to small sample sizes and/or difficulty in dating, both regarding humans and domestic animals, transformations in living conditions and animal‐keeping could mostly be outlined only for the La Tène and Roman times. Only the Celtic‐Roman cemetery of Wederath‐Belginum with continued use from middle La Tène to late antiquity offers a more complex insight into human mortality and animal offerings. People lived longer in the Roman times but had more pathologies compared with the previous La Tène period. Body height remained similar in the La Tène and Roman times. However, differences existed within specific human groups (for example, warriors and craftsmen), compared to the normal population. Sex differences in mortality persisted from La Tène to Roman times. The faunal composition in the burials, settlements, and sanctuaries also shows changes. Since the middle La Tène period, chickens have been present. The first oysters can be found in Augustean times, whereas exotic birds such as crested fowls and peacocks are found only in later Roman times and are quite rare. A new direction in animal‐keeping is demonstrated via an increasing logarithmic size index (LSI) in cattle and sheep. The multivariate methods applied in this study offer further insights into the domain and can serve as helpful tools for osteoarchaeological data analysis.
Safety of Intrauterine Transfusion Performed Beyond 34 weeks of Gestation
Authors: Youssefzadeh Ariane C. , Masri Jinnen , Korst Lisa M. , Llanes Arlyn , Hamzeh Catherine , Chmait Ramen H.
Published: September 2024

Objective

To describe (1) procedure‐related complications, and (2) gestational age (GA) at delivery in patients who received their final intrauterine transfusion (IUT) at ≥ 34 weeks 0 days versus at < 34 weeks 0 days.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of pregnancies treated with IUT. Procedure‐related complications were defined as any of the following within 48 h of IUT: (1) rupture of membranes or preterm delivery, (2) intrauterine infection, (3) fetal death, (4) fetal compromise resulting in emergency cesarean, or (5) neonatal death. Patient and procedural characteristics were described among patients with final IUT at ≥ 34 weeks 0 days and at < 34 weeks 0 days.

Results

We studied 94 pregnancies with 237 IUTs; 35 (37.2%) had their last IUT at ≥ 34 weeks 0 days and 59 (62.8%) had their last IUT at < 34 weeks 0 days. Three procedure‐related complications occurred (1.3% of procedures, 3.2% of pregnancies). All resulted in emergency cesarean section; 1 case performed at < 34 weeks 0 days resulted in neonatal death. The remaining 2 occurred during IUT at ≥ 34 weeks 0 days. Pregnancies with the last IUT at ≥ 34 weeks 0 days delivered at a median GA of 37.1 weeks.

Conclusions

Complications were rare. IUT performed at ≥ 34 weeks 0 days appeared safe.
Faster and greater moisture curing ethylene‐silane copolymers with good shelf stabilities
Authors: Chaudhary Bharat Indu , Bawiskar Santosh , Sengupta Saurav
Published: September 2024

Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) functionalized ethylenic polymers, in the form of reactor‐made ethylene‐silane copolymers as well as post‐reactor made silane‐grafted ethylene polymers, were evaluated for the purpose of moisture‐induced crosslinking through hydrolysis and condensation reactions. The copolymers were of 1.6 wt% or 4.2 wt% VTMS contents, and the silane‐grafted resins ranged in VTMS contents from 1.1 to 3.7 wt%. The silane‐grafted materials were very reactive under humid conditions at room temperature, resulting in very poor shelf stabilities manifested in sharp drops in their melt indices over time (changes that in the early stages were dominated mostly by resin molecular weight distribution and/or branching, and in the later stages much more by silane content). In sharp contrast, the ethylene‐silane copolymers exhibited outstanding shelf stabilities over time even at relatively high silane content, indicating desirably low reactivities in the absence of moisture‐cure catalyst. When formulated with catalyst, and exposed to humid conditions, the cure characteristics of the silane functionalized ethylene polymers varied significantly, with the fastest and greatest crosslinking observed using the ethylene‐silane copolymer of 4.2 wt% VTMS content and remarkably excellent shelf stability. Analyses of reaction rates revealed very interesting trends, depending on type of catalyst (tin or sulfonic acid) and resin.

Highlights

Ethylene‐silane copolymers and silane‐grafted ethylene polymers were studied.

Copolymers exhibited vastly superior shelf stabilities than grafted materials.

Catalyst type and loading affected moisture‐induced crosslinkability.

Increased silane content in copolymer led to faster and greater crosslinking.

Best balance of crosslinkability and shelf stability obtained with copolymers.
Bipolar androgen therapy for treatment of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: A case series
Authors: Tran Elizabeth U. , Royz Eric , Yamamoto Kyra , Marley Samantha , Song Alexander , Pan Elizabeth , Lee Aaron M. , Herchenhorn Daniel , Denmeade Sam , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Markowski Mark , McKay Rana R.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Advanced prostate cancer treatment has improved with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARPI), yet many patients develop metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), characterized by sustained androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) introduces supraphysiologic testosterone levels to inhibit tumor growth, offering novel treatment for mCRPC by exploiting AR‐dependent mechanisms.

Case Presentations

Case 1: A 53‐year‐old man with mCRPC, post multiple systemic therapies, initiated BAT and pembrolizumab, achieving PSA reduction and improved quality of life before progression. The patient exhibited AR amplification, which may have contributed to favorable response to BAT.

Case 2: A 73‐year‐old man with recurrent prostate cancer, stable on ADT and abiraterone, experienced PSA decline with BAT to an undetectable level, maintaining stability post‐therapy discontinuation.

Case 3: A 73‐year‐old man with metastatic prostate cancer, initially resistant to enzalutamide, achieved clinical benefit and disease control with BAT, although he did not meet PSA response criteria, patient had remarkable response upon enzalutamide rechallenge.

Case 4: A 90‐year‐old man with localized prostate cancer, refractory to multiple treatments, experienced symptom relief and PSA reduction with BAT before progression.

Conclusion

BAT represents a promising treatment strategy for mCRPC. This case series underscores BAT's potential to induce significant clinical and biochemical responses, resensitize tumors to ARPIs, and improve patients' quality of life. Despite eventual progression in some cases, BAT offers a period of disease control. Further research is needed to optimize patient selection and understand the molecular determinants of BAT responsiveness.
Binary mixtures of Vanderbilt University allosteric agonist thermolysis components act as volatile spatial repellents for malaria vector mosquitoes
Authors: Martinez Luis A. , Imami Ahmed , de Jong Enzo , Romaine Ian M. , Zwiebel Laurence J.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

The development of economically viable and environmentally neutral tools to control insects that consume or damage over 20% of global agriculture or vector human and animal disease represents one of the most important challenges of the 21st century. The suite of chemical‐based strategies currently employed to control insect populations rely primarily on insecticides, which are subject to rapid resistance and often have harmful off‐target environmental and health‐related impacts, and, to a lesser degree, repellents, which typically rely on masking attractive odors. The discovery and characterization of Vanderbilt University allosteric agonists (VUAAs), a family of small‐molecule agonists that target the highly conserved, insect‐specific odorant receptor coreceptor (Orco), raise the potential for the development of a novel repellent paradigm for vector/pest management. VUAAs have the potential to target nearly all insect olfactory sensory neurons, leading to highly aversive behavioral responses, but importantly have limited volatility, thereby reducing their utility as spatial repellents.

RESULTS

We have characterized VUAA thermolysis components and identified a suite of volatiles (VUAA‐based active ingredients, VUAIs) that act specifically in novel binary combinations as robust and long‐lasting spatial repellents against Anopheline mosquitoes. In mobility‐based behavioral experiments, VUAIs act synergistically as effective spatial repellents and outperform parent VUAA compounds against host‐seeking Anopheline mosquitoes.

CONCLUSIONS

VUAIs are volatile alternatives to Vanderbilt University allosteric agonists (VUAAs) that have the potential for use as spatial repellents in disease vector and agricultural pest control. The repellency observed is odorant receptor coreceptor (Orco)‐dependent, supporting the hypothesis that VUAIs and VUAAs similarly target an allosteric Orco recognition site. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Discovery of new pesticide candidates from nature: design, synthesis and bioactivity research of rutaecarpine derivatives
Authors: Chen Miao‐miao , Guo Xin , Li Tai‐qing , He Xing‐xing , Wen De‐ya , Hang Xing‐chen , Lu Ai‐dang , Zhou Zheng‐hong , Wang Qing‐min , Wang Zi‐wen
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

The invasion of viruses and fungi can cause pathological changes in the normal growth of plants and is an important factor in causing plant infectious diseases. These pathogenic microorganisms can also secrete toxic metabolites, affecting crop quality and posing a threat to human health. In this work, we selected the natural product rutaecarpine as the lead compound to achieve the total synthesis and structural derivation. The antiphytoviral activities of these compounds were systematically studied using tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as the tested strain, and the structure–activity relationships were summarized.

RESULT

The anti TMV activities of compounds 5a, 5n, 6b, and 7c are significantly higher than that of commercial antiviral agent ningnanmycin. We chose 5n for further antiviral mechanism research, and the results showed that it can directly act on viral particles. The molecular docking results further confirmed the interaction of compound 5n and coat protein (CP). These compounds also exhibited broad‐spectrum fungicidal activities against eight plant pathogens. Especially compounds 5j and 5p have significant anti‐fungal activities (EC50: 5j, 1.76 μg mL−1; 5p, 1.59 μg mL−1) and can be further studied as leads for plant‐based anti‐fungal agents.

CONCLUSION

The natural product rutaecarpine and its derivatives were synthesized, and evaluated for their anti‐TMV and fungicidal activities. Compounds 5n and 5p with good activities emerged as new antiviral and anti‐fungal candidates, respectively. This study provides important information for the research and development of the novel antiviral and fungicidal agents based on rutaecarpine derivatives. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Estimating cation exchange capacity from hygroscopic water content change
Authors: Chen Chong , Arthur Emmanuel , Zhou Hu , Song Xue , Shang Jianying , Tuller Markus
Published: September 2024

The existing models for estimating cation exchange capacity (CEC) from easy‐to‐measure hygroscopic water content (θh) were based on a single water activity (aw) value rather than on the processes that govern soil water vapor adsorption for a distinct aw range. Here, we present a new CEC estimation model based on θh data of 119 soils with different clay mineralogy (i.e., illitic [IL], montmorillonitic [ML], and kaolinitic [KA] samples) and organic carbon (OC) contents for the aw range from 0.23 to 0.57 (Δθ0.23–0.57) and validate its performance. Based on the hypothesis that multilayer adsorption exhibits a higher correlation with CEC than monolayer adsorption and capillary condensation, the aw range from 0.23 to 0.57 was chosen with CEC calculated as CEC = k × Δθ0.23–0.57. The performance of the new model is compared to the Arthur (2017) model and the Torrent (2015) model, which considers a single θh value. The average proportionality coefficient (k) varied with the dominant clay mineralogy of the investigated soils. For soils dominated by 2:1 clay minerals (i.e., IL and ML), the new model showed a good estimation accuracy (Nash‐Sutcliffe model efficiency [E] ≥ 0.85; root mean squared error [RMSE] ≤ 4.18 cmol(+) kg−1). The new model performed better for IL and ML samples than for KA samples, and yielded more accurate CEC estimations than the Arthur model and Torrent model for soils with 2:1 clay minerals. For soil with high OC content (>23.2 g kg−1), the new model slightly underestimated CEC (E = 0.66; RMSE = 5.87).
In Silico and In Vitro Investigation of Phytoconstituents from Flacourtia Jangomas as a Potential Candidate for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Tomar Ritu , Mishra Shashank Shekher , Sahoo Jagannath , Rath Santosh Kumar
Published: September 2024

Flacourtia jangomas is a plant used for centuries in Brazil, China, India, and the Malaya Peninsula to treat conditions such as diabetes, asthma, anaemia, and diarrhoea. Despite its therapeutic and economic benefits, the plant has not been popular among farmers due to its limited yield and lack of knowledge about its potential. Targeting PPARγ agonists is a promising approach for discovering and developing effective drugs to treat type 2 diabetes. Due to the activation of the PPARγ through PPARγ agonists, target genes implicated in inflammation, adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism are transcriptionally regulated. This study analysed the curated datasets of F. jangomas to identify the binding conformations of the phytoconstituents with different T2DM targets through molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and ADMET prediction approach. To determine the most favourable binding conformations of phytoconstituents that bind with the PPARγ receptors, density functional theory and principal component analysis were performed. The study reveals that the phytoconstituents of F. jangomas can act as PPARγ agonists and could be used to design and optimise the potential antidiabetic agents inspired by natural products. These findings provide a promising approach towards developing effective antidiabetic drugs.
Cyphos Nitrate Selectively Separates Y(III) from Sr(II) Present in Acidic Feed Solution: An Efficient Ionic Liquid based Extraction Process
Authors: Rout Alok , Sriram Srinivasan , Ramanathan Nagarajan
Published: September 2024

Mutual separation of Y(III) and Sr(II) from their waste solution has been an emerging research domain due to their various industrial applications. In this investigation, we emphasize the feasibility of selective separation of Y(III) from Sr(II) present in nitric acid medium using undiluted cyphos nitrate ionic liquid (IL): trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium nitrate ([P66614][NO3]) as the ligating phase. The set experimental parameters were the feed phase acidity, initial nitrate ion concentration, initial feed metal ion concentration, equilibration time and temperature to unveil the efficacy of the proposed system. Efficient extraction of Y(III) selectively in presence of Sr(II) using only a salting agent in aqueous phase without additional extractant in IL phase was highlighted. A remarkable separation factor (SF) obtained for Y(III) over Sr(II) explored the efficacy of the proposed IL system. Y(III) loading in IL phase both in unirradiated and irradiated conditions was compared to evaluate the coordination behavior of irradiated moieties. In addition, a most important advantage of the proposed system is that it employs Milli‐Q water for the back extraction (stripping) of the loaded Y(III) from IL phase and does not demand any complexing agent (water soluble). This undoubtedly corroborates the economic and environmental benefits of the proposed IL system.
Synthesis and Property Evaluations of a Bio‐Based Anticorrosive Urethane Composites Containing Bisphenol a as Extender
Authors: Adeboye Samuel , Adebowale Adedamola , Durodola Bamidele , Olanipekun Bolatito , Ajanaku Kolawole , Akintayo Emmanuel , Basak Pratyay , Narayan Ramanuj , Siyanbola Tolutope
Published: September 2024

This article reports the synthesis of an eco‐friendly polyurethane composite system, which was successfully prepared in a one‐pot synthetic pathway by combining castor seed oil (CSO), bisphenol A (BPA), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and functional hybrid nanoparticles (prepared by modifying the peripheral surface of silica with 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). The urethane composites were cast as thin films on tin foils and mild steel and cured under atmospheric moisture. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterise the cured composite films, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), corrosion resistance, antimicrobial analysis, salt spray test, and water contact angle measurements. Our evaluations showed improved thermal and hydrophobic properties of the composite coatings. Also, the electrochemical and antimicrobial analyses clearly show resistance to corrosion and test organisms as the percentage composition of APTMS‐SiO2 increases in the urethane system.
Tailor‐Made Pyrazolopyridines and Fused Pyrazolopyridines: Recent Updates toward Sustainable Synthesis
Authors: Alam Mondal Mohabul , Ghosh Rina
Published: September 2024

Over the last three decades, owing to labour cost, time and especially environmental issues, one‐pot synthesis of heterocyclic compounds involving tandem or multicomponent (sequential or consecutive) reactions has gained particular attention worldwide. Most of the marketed drug molecules hold one or more heterocyclic rings. Due to some side effects of several drugs along with the gradual emergence of antimicrobial resistance, the necessity for developing new heterocyclic molecules continues; special attention should be paid in this respect towards employing more one‐pot reactions for their syntheses. Pyrazolopyridines are fused heterocycles holding pyridine and pyrazole and possess a wide variety of biological and pharmaceutical properties. Several existing drug molecules also bear pyrazolopyridine scaffolds. The present perspective is an endeavour to encompass green syntheses of different isomeric pyrazolopyridine systems, most of these published during the past five years or more for a few cases.
Enhanced Recovery of Valuable Materials from Spent Lithium‐Ion Secondary Batteries Using Organic Acids as Leaching and Precipitating Agents
Authors: Bae Su Ho , Ryoo Keon Sang
Published: September 2024

In this study, the cathode active material was first separated from the aluminum foil through a heat treatment at 500 °C. The separated cathode active material was calcined at a temperature of 1000 °C to remove completely carbon particles generated from the organic adhesive during heat treatment. Then, Co, Mn, and Ni were recovered from the cathode active material using lactic acid and oxalic acid as leaching and precipitating reagents. The lactic acid showed almost similar metal leaching effects from cathode active material compared to sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid. The optimal metal leaching efficiency by lactic acid was obtained when 30 g of the cathode active material was added to the 2 N lactic acid solution. At these conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Li, Mn, Co, and Ni were 90.4%, 89.2%, 92.2%, and 91.8%, respectively. Subsequently, when 5 g of oxalic acid was added to the lactic leachate of 2 N, a phenomenon in which all metals were precipitated was observed. Based on this result, the optimal condition for precipitating the leached metals using oxalic acid was oxalic acid/cathode active material = 1:7 (w/w %). Through XRD and EDX analysis, the precipitate was identified as a polynuclear crystalline material (NiCoMnC2O4·2H2O) in which the three components of Mn, Co, and Ni oxalates were mixed with approximately 7:4:10 in integer ratio of weight. The produced precipitate can be recycled as a raw material of cathode active material through simple heat treatment.
Ultrathin‐N2C‐Deficient Carbon Nitride for Stabilized Enhancement of Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Zhao Chulei , Ma Chaoyun , Jia Shaorui , Wang Min , Jiang Mingzhe , Ma Junhong , Yu Hui , Hong Chenglin
Published: September 2024

In the realm of electrochemiluminescence (ECL), the issue of weak signal intensity and instability linked with pure graphitic carbon nitride (CN) is widely recognized. This study suggests a method to produce nitrogen‐deficient (N2C) porous ultrathin CN (UACN) using ammonium acetate and ultrasonication. The ultrathin porous nature of UACN provides numerous N2C defects as catalytic sites, aiding in the decomposition of K2S2O8, a conclusion supported by density functional theory (DFT). Importantly, N2C defects serve as electron traps, assisting in electron localization and enhancing the recombination of electron‐hole pairs, thereby achieving stable and intensified luminescence from UACN. In practical use, UACN, acting as an ECL emitter, is utilized in detecting the tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), effectively establishing a highly sensitive immunosensing platform. This study elucidates the correlation between UACN structure and ECL performance, offering crucial insights for comprehending ECL mechanisms and designing high‐performance ECL materials.
Ranking guidance actions to support engineers in fulfilling process constraints
Authors: Bilal Anmol , Mayr‐Dorn Christoph , Egyed Alexander
Published: September 2024

In safety‐critical systems engineering, regulations such as Automotive SPICE, ISO26262, or ED‐109A mandate software quality assurance measures to provide evidence that the developed system is high quality. The constraints that define quality assurance conditions during the engineering life cycle are often non‐trivial. This paper addresses the challenges, engineers face who are unfamiliar with the precise constraints of various projects (e.g., when newly joining a company or switching between departments). Understanding how to fulfill a constraint is a time‐consuming and challenging task as an engineer needs to determine the most suitable option (out of potentially many) to fulfill a constraint violation. To this end, we propose a guidance action ranking framework to provide engineers with the most relevant guidance actions. Our primary ranking algorithm analyzes in the background the actions that engineers have made in the past to resolve a constraint violation without requiring explicit feedback from them. We evaluated our framework on two real‐world data sets: an open‐source drone management and an industrial air traffic control software system. Concretely, we replay past engineering activities and measured whether, in the case of a constraint violation, our suggested guidance actions were indeed selected by the engineer. The evaluation results revealed that learning from prior guidance actions effectively identifies the most appropriate guidance actions (ranked top 1 or 2) when compared to ranking algorithms based on action simplicity and artifact property change frequency. Specifically, we achieve a median MRR of 0.95 for the first case study and 0.94 for the second case study: an improvement of 80% and 100% over the baseline. Additionally, we observed that the simplicity of a guidance action does not reliably indicate its suitability for fulfilling a constraint, whereas learning from prior change operation property out‐performed simplicity‐based ranking but did not surpass guidance frequency‐based ranking.
Polymerizable Nonionic Perfluorinated Photoacid Generators for High‐Resolution Lithography
Authors: Liu Yue , Wang Dong , Wang Qianqian , Kang Wenbing
Published: September 2024

Advanced photoresists must satisfy stringent sensitivity requirements while maintaining the ability to print ever‐shrinking critical dimensions. However, the unavoidable acid diffusion associated with chemically amplified photoresists has led to a trade‐off between resolution, line‐edge roughness, and sensitivity, which presents a significant challenge for high‐resolution lithography. To address this issue, a novel class of alkene‐functionalized nonionic perfluorinated photoacid generators (PAGs) is developed. These fluorine‐rich compounds significantly enhance the photochemical reactivity due to the introduction of abundant F‐elements, thereby improving sensitivity. Upon irradiation by ultraviolet light or electrons, they generate long‐chain perfluorinated sulfonic acids with large sizes and minimal diffusion ranges, effectively suppressing acid diffusion. Furthermore, by employing these polymerizable PAG monomers, PAG‐bound polymers are synthesized that are likely to achieve higher resolution by minimizing acid diffusion. Lithography performance demonstrated patterning of sub‐45 nm lines at an electron beam dose of 29 µC cm−2. Overall, the developed perfluorinated PAGs and PAG‐bound polymer photoresists are promising candidates for achieving high‐sensitivity and high‐resolution nano‐patterning.
Post fire behavior of square and rectangular concrete filled steel tubes with granulated blast furnace slag fine aggregate concrete
Authors: Patra Rakesh Kumar , Gupta Pramod Kumar
Published: September 2024

The present study investigated the behavior of concrete‐filled steel tubes (CFST) and concrete‐filled double‐skin steel tubes (CFDST) of square and rectangular shapes after exposure to elevated temperatures. The infill concrete was prepared with granulated blast furnace slag (GBS) as fine aggregate, and no natural fine aggregate was used. A total of 20 CFST and CFDST specimens of both square and rectangular shapes were prepared. The specimens were heated at 200, 400, 600, and 800°C temperatures for 2 h and allowed to cool inside the furnace after heating. Axial load was applied to the specimens to check their behavior after exposure to fire. The reduction in the load‐carrying capacity was insignificant for the specimens heated at 200, 400, and 600°C for both square and rectangular CFST and CFDST conditions. The decrease in load‐carrying capacity was slightly higher in the case of CFDST specimens compared to CFST specimens. A three‐dimensional finite element model using ABAQUS software was proposed for predicting the behavior of the tested specimens. The proposed model could predict the behavior of both unheated and heated specimens with acceptable accuracy.
MRI diagnosis of meningioma with marked skeletal hyperostosis and parenchymal infiltration in a 6‐year‐old standard poodle
Authors: Humke Rachael , Troxel Mark , Brisson Jennifer , Donovan Taryn
Published: September 2024

A 6‐year‐old, neutered, male standard poodle was presented for evaluation of behaviour change. Neurological examination was consistent with a prosencephalic lesion. A magnetic resonance imaging study of the brain revealed a large non‐uniformly enhancing, extraparenchymal mass (9.2 × 8.7 × 5.0 cm) compressing the underlying brain parenchyma with heterogeneous T2‐weighted, T2‐fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery and T1‐weighted intensities. A meningioma with severe secondary hyperostosis and parenchymal invasion was identified on postmortem histological evaluation. To the authors’ knowledge, the presence of marked hyperostosis and calvarial infiltration to this degree, as well as the magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of these changes, have not previously been described in canine meningioma.
Bedside intubation of a child with a difficult airway—The otolaryngologist perspective
Authors: Hazkani Inbal , Rowland Matthew J. , Serino Maeve A. , Young Ashley , Valika Taher , Ghadersohi Saied , Ida Jonathan B.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Children with a difficult airway are prone to severe complications in unplanned intubation events. The otolaryngologist is often required to secure the airway using advanced techniques once the traditional methods have failed to establish safe tracheal intubation. The goal of our study was to describe the otolaryngologist's experience in the management of bedside difficult pediatric airway events.

Methods

A case series with chart review of children intubated by the difficult airway response (RaDAR) team in an academic tertiary‐care children's hospital. The electronic medical charts of patients intubated by the RaDAR team between Jan 2020 and Dec 2021 were reviewed. The steps taken to recognize and signal patients with a difficult airway are described.

Results

Of the 78 airway code events managed by the RaDAR team, 28 (37.2%) were intubated by an otolaryngologist. Of these, 20 (71.4%) were recognized and signaled as a “difficult airway” before emergent intubation. The methods to secure the airway were direct laryngoscopy (n = 7), flexible bronchoscopy with/without a laryngeal mask (n = 10), rigid bronchoscopy (n = 8), and video laryngoscopy (n = 1). On average, there were 1.93 attempts to secure the airway following RaDAR activation. The airway was secured by an otolaryngology trainee in 24/28 patients. None of the patients required bedside tracheostomy.

Conclusions

Otolaryngologists have unique skills and instruments that may assist with the management of a child with a difficult airway. Close collaboration with anesthesia colleagues, proper training, and proactive recognition and signaling of patients at risk for difficult airway are key factors for safe airway securement.
Living on the edge: identifying demographic bottlenecks in an isolated sage‐grouse population
Authors: Sink Chelsea E. , Dugger Katie M. , Hagen Christian A. , Vradenburg John N.
Published: September 2024

The greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus: hereafter sage‐grouse) population in Modoc County California is geographically isolated and contains a single lek (from 56 leks in the 1940s), despite significant efforts to increase the population through translocations and habitat improvement. Repeated wildfire within the landscape has led to an increase in invasive annual grasses and a decrease in sagebrush (Artemisia sp.) cover in important nesting and brood‐rearing habitat. We estimated survival for adult females, nests, and chicks and assessed biotic characteristics that may influence these survival estimates to identify factors that may be limiting population growth. We monitored 37 female sage‐grouse marked with GPS PTTS, 39 nests, and 8 broods for 3 years (2019–2021). We measured vegetation characteristics for nests at the microsite and landscape scale to evaluate effects on daily nest survival (DNS). We used survival rates from all life stages to parameterize matrix models and estimate population growth rate. Mean nest success over 3 years was 29% (95% CI: 17.1–44.8) across a 29‐day incubation period and DNS declined as the proportion of both medusahead Taeniatherum caput‐medusae and Japanese brome Bromus japonicus around the nest increased. Across all three years, mean chick survival across a 54‐day period was 44% (95% CI: 0.9–72.3) and mean annual survival for adult females was 29% (95% CI: 17.8–43.7). Our estimated vital rates were 45–55% lower than distribution‐wide estimates and the projected population growth rate was strongly declining (0.411, 95% CI: 0.30–0.52). Our results suggested recent cover changes associated with wildfire on the study area may have had a detrimental effect on this population across all life stages, and if attention is not given to preventing the transition from sagebrush communities into invasive grasslands, this population and others in degraded landscapes may not persist.