bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The population status of sulphur goatfish Upeneus sulphureus in the Iraqi marine waters, northwest Arabian Gulf
Authors: Mohamed A.R.M. , Resen A.K.
Published: March 2023

The status of the sulphur goatfish Upeneus sulphureus Cuvier, 1829 population in the Iraqi marine waters, north-west of the Arabian Gulf was assessed using FiSAT program from March 2007 to September 2008. A total of 7574 specimens of U. sulphureus   were collected by trawl net, their lengths ranged from 5 to 17cm. Length-weight relationship was W = 0.0621 L3.0125. The growth parameters estimated were L∞= 18.85cm and K= 0.72. The growth performance index (ø) of the species was computed as 2.36. Total mortality rate (Z) was computed as 2.43, natural mortality rate (M) was 1.85, fishing mortality rate (F) was 0.58 and the exploitation ratio was 0.32. The values of F and E of U. sulphureus obtained in the present study were lower than those recorded for the same species in the previous studies, whereas the population of the species exposed to higher natural mortality rate. The results indicated that the present levels of E and F were lower than those of the maximum (Y/R)'.
fatty acids in waters of Shatt Al-Arab River and northwest Arabian Gulf
Authors: Al-Saad H.T. , Hantoush A.A. , Alhello M.A. , Zukhair M.K.
Published: March 2023

The particulate fraction of the fatty acids was investigated in water samples collected from different stations along the Shatt Al-Arab River and North-West Arabian Gulf during the period June 1993 to July 1994. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. Several qualitative and quantitative differences were observed. In general, palmitoleic acid (16:1), palmitic acid (16:0), heptadecanoic acid (17:0), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1) and linoleic acid (18:2) were found to be the most abundant fatty acids in the region. Total particulate fatty acids showed large variations, from 1.45 µg/gm at station 7 (Arabian Gulf) during summer 1993 to 18.91 µg/gm at station 2 (Shatt Al-Arab River at Al-Fao town) during winter 1993. The main sources of odd and even number of fatty acids were phytoplankton and microbial activities, while aquatic plants were missing in most sites.
GIS as a tool for Classification Lake’s acidification- and eutrophication degree
Authors: Hameed H.A.
Published: March 2023

GIS (Geographic information system) was used as a tool to classify 50 lakes according to acidification- and eutrophication degrees. Both water pH and alkalinity showed similar trends of distribution whether they were used alone or together as determining criteria for acidification degree. Where as variables that was used for the determination of eutrophication degree revealed more or less different patterns. Therefore, one must be careful in determining which variable or variables that could be used in classification of lakes according to their eutrophication degree. Moreover, GIS can be used in documentation, analyzing, and prediction the possible future changes in Iraqi aquatic ecosystems.
Assessment of the accumulation of some trace metals in whole body of fresh water shrimp Atyaephyra desmaresti mesopotamica from Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Al-Yaseri S.T.L.
Published: March 2023

Concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu, and Zn) were determined in shrimp Atyaephyra desmaresti mesopotamica collected from Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq. The elements content were determined in whole body biomass. The seasonal variations of the element concentrations, and the relationship between element concentrations in males and females were estimated in this study. Measurements were done to evaluate trace metals in shrimps tissues in Qurmat-Ali in Shatt Al-Arab River between summer (May- August) 2008 and spring (March and April) 2009. Samples were collected seasonally. Tissue samples were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Females accumulated the trace metals in their bodies in spring higher than other seasons. Males accumulated the trace metals in their bodies in Spring higher than other seasons, except for Pb and Mn. Regarding to concentrations; the highest values were 141.80 µg g-1 d.w in males and 136.79 µg g-1 d.w in females for Iron, while the lowest values were 2.49 µg g-1 d.w in males and 2.96 µg g-1 d.w in females for Lead. Regarding to seasons; in Summer the concentrations of trace metals were higher in males than in females, except Zn, in Autumn they were higher in males than in females, except Pb and Ni, in Winter they were higher in males than in females, except Pb and Zn, in Spring they were higher in males than in females, except Pb, Mn and Zn.
Sedimentological and environmental aspects of subsurface Basrah sediments-south Iraq
Authors: Al-Jabberi M.H.A.
Published: March 2023

Twelve core samples were collected from 8, 10, 15, 21, 24.5 and 30 m depth from two holes in Basrah city. Textural analysis showed that the sediments of the first hole (Al-Ashar area) were siltyclay in nature at depth 8m , followed by clayeysilt at 10-21m (Saad square), whereas sand sediments were found at depths 24.5 to 30m. The statistical parameters of grain size analysis of the sediments of each hole indicated that the sediments at depth 8-21m were deposited under low energy environment. On the other hand the sediments at depth 24.5-30m were deposited under high-energy environments. The identified heavy minerals in the present study could be categorized into four groups; mica group, un-stable, ultra stable and meta-stable group minerals.
The effect of copper and cadmium on oxygen consumption of the juvenile common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.)
Authors: Hassan B.K.
Published: March 2023

This study was carried out on juvenile Cyprinus carpio (L.) to investigate the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of copper and cadmium (0.1, 0.25, 0.4 ppm) on the survival rate, oxygen consumption and histopathological changes in the gills of exposed fish. The results showed a decrease in survival rate with increasing concentration of each metal. Copper has the most toxic effect compared with cadmium, the survival rate has decreased from 50% to 10% for copper and from 70% to 20% for cadmium with increasing concentration for 15 days.  The half lethal time (LT50) was (14 and >15) days for copper and cadmium, respectively. Oxygen consumption rate decreased with increasing concentration and there was a negative correlation between oxygen consumption and metal concentration. The exposure to each metal caused histopathological changes in the gill and resulted in separation of epithelial secondary gill lamellae, hyperplasia, fusion of secondary lamellae and necrosis.
Note on feeding relationships of three species of cyprinid fish larvae in Al-Huwaiza marsh, Southern Iraq
Authors: Ahmed S.M.
Published: March 2023

Food composition of three cyprinid larvae (Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus and Alburnus mosulensis) in Al-Huwaiza marsh has been studied during March and April 2006. The diet of these cyprinid larvae were consist mainly of zooplankton dominated by copepods both adult and larval stages followed by Cladocera Rotifera, aquatic insects and Ostracoda. The food of plant origin also exists and consists of diatoms and filamentous algae. Costello graphical plot showed that these larvae are generalist feeders. This strategy result in lower competition and allow these three species to co-occur in relatively high density in this marsh area. The food similarity between C. carpio and C. auratus was 0.60, between C. carpio and A. mosulensis was 0.44, while it was 0.72 between C. auratus and A. mosulensis. The food overlap analysis showed that C. carpio; C. auratus and A. mosulensis larvae share a wide range of prey types. Competition for food is possible However, direct competition seemed to be avoided to some extent as a result of great food availability in Al-Huwaiza marsh which makes it as a suitable nursery and feeding site for many cyprinid fish.
Nutrient mass balance for improved traditional coastal shrimp ponds of Bangladesh
Authors: Barua P. , Zamal H. , Chowdhury M.S.N.
Published: March 2023

Three category of tidal water exchange system depended ponds have been selected for the experiments which were canal connected, river connected and pond connected pond. Present study was undertaken to estimate the nutrient balance into the coastal shrimp ponds of Cox’s Bazar coastal region. It was found that mineral fertilizer, organic fertilizer, feed, fish and shrimp fry, water supply and rainfall are the nutrient input and crop product (fish, shrimp, crab), crop residues, denitrification, water discharge and sedimentation are the nutrient output for shrimp pond. Estimation of overall nutrient mass balance per hector basis indicates that fertilizer was the highest nutrient contributor as followed by the supplementary feed into the experimental ponds. The total inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus were 78.87 kgha-1cycle-1 and 42.85 kgha-1cycle-1 respectively. Among the input only 34.6 % of nitrogen and 7.20 % of phosphorus were removed as harvested shrimp, fish and crab. A large portion, 38.58 % of N and 91.38 % of P were remained in the sediments and unaccounted for. From the investigation on nutrient balance for 3 categories of shrimp ponds it was concluded that Reuse water or pond connected pond system for coastal shrimp ponds should not be practiced anywhere in Bangladesh
Architectural pattern of different cells lining the olfactory epithelium of long-whiskered catfish, Sperata aor (Hamilton)
Authors: Ghosh S.K. , Chakrabarti P.
Published: March 2023

The structural organization of the olfactory epithelium in Sperata aor was studied by light as well as scanning electron microscopy. The elongated olfactory organ comprised of 52-54 primary lamellae assorted on both sides of narrow median raphe. The middle dorsal part of the olfactory lamellae was characterised with linguiform processes. Sensory and non-sensory areas were distributed separately on each olfactory lamella. The sensory epithelium occupied in the middle linguiform process, whereas the basal part of lamellae was covered with non-sensory epithelium. The sensory epithelium was composed of morphologically distinct two types of receptor neurons either ciliated or microvillous. The non-sensory epithelium contained mucous cells and supporting cells with inconspicuous microridges. The orientation of different cells lining the olfactory epithelium was discussed in light of their functional significance.
Adsorption of copper(II) and lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions by porcellanite
Authors: Hmood A.Y. , Jassim T.E.
Published: March 2023

This work is concerned with one of the applications of adsorption behavior from aqueous solution. It deals with the adsorption of copper (II) and lead (II) ions on the surface of porcellanite, which is locally available in Iraq. The purpose of this study is to search for surfaces that are highly applicable for copper (II) and lead (II) ions adsorption to treat the pollution of aqueous solution in nature. The different variables affecting the adsorption capacity of the porcellanite such as contact time, initial metal ion concentration in the feed solution, pH of the medium and temperature, were investigated on a batch process mode. The optimum contact time to attain equilibrium is 90 min for copper (II) ion, 30 min for lead (II) ion, and the pH values in the range of 2-10. The results showed the optimum pH for Cu(II) is 8 and for Pb(II) is 4. The experimental data of adsorption were fitted to two different isotherms, namely; Langmuir and Freundlich. These isotherms equations were applied at different temperatures. The results obtained showed that, the Langmuir isotherm equation is better fitted to the experimental data than the Freundlich isotherm equation. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that ΔH was endothermic, ΔG was a spontaneous process and ΔS was positive value.
Nutritional value of important commercial fish from Iraqi waters
Authors: Hantoush A.A. , Al-Hamadany Q.H. , Al-Hassoon A.S. , Al-Ibadi H.J.
Published: March 2023

Knowledge of the proximate chemical composition (protein, fat, moisture and ash) of fish species can be used to determine their nutritional value and to plan the industrial and commercial processing. Ten species of fish from marine and fresh waters of Iraq were studied. In marine and freshwater fish species, the highest level of moisture content was observed in Ilisha megaloptera (79.04 %) and Cyprinus carpio (78.51 %), and the lowest was observed in Chirocentrus dorab (73.74 %) and Liza abu (71.23 %). The lipid contents in the muscles of marine fish species ranged from 1.28 % in Ilisha megaloptera to 4.63 % in Cynoglossus bilineatus, while in freshwater fish species ranged from 3.16 % in Cyprinus carpio to 6.03 % in Liza abu. The highest protein values in the marine and freshwater fish species were recorded in Chirocentrus dorab (18.61 %) and Liza abu (19.15 %), and the lower values were in Cynoglossus bilineatus (11.77 %) and Cyprinus carpio (14.74 %). The percentage of ash content in the marine and freshwater fish species was highest in Cynoglossus bilineatus (4.24 %) and Liza abu (3.25 %), and lowest in Ilisha megaloptera (1.25 %) and Barbus xanthopterus (1.28 %). The results showed that the proximate composition of the fish varied significantly among the various fish species. The results revealed that moisture content was high when lipid was low indicating a significant inverse relationship between the two components (r = - 0.711).
Sub-Bottom Profiler and Side Scan Sonar investigations, with the assistance of hydrochemical and isotopic analysis of Sawa Lake, Al-Muthana Governorate, Southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Mosawi W.M. , Al-Tememi M.K. , Ghalib H.B. , Nasir N.A.
Published: March 2023

A marine geophysical survey are including Sub Bottom Profilers and Side Scan Sonar integrating with under-water imagery, as well as hydrochemical and isotopic investigations have been carried out for Sawa Lake, one of the unique, shallow and closed water body in Iraq. The results showed that the depth of the Lake is shallow, ranged between 1 m in areas near the edges of the Lake and 2 m in the Lake center. The Recharge site has been detected exactly (this is a first recording (Nov. 2012)), as a hole. It has a longitudinal an axis of 50 m with NW-SE tren, which resembles the trending of the longitudinal axis of the Lake and Abu-Jir fault trending. The maximum width of this hole ranging from 23.0-29.5 m. The hole depth about 20 m, but may be greater then, because the emergence of a high proportion of noise in the geophysical sections. The Lake bottom is homogeneity and does not has any diacritical features. Also, the results showed discontinuous layers on either side of the hole due to the existance a number of caves under the bottom of the Lake extends into several meters with different dimensions and forms. Hydrochemical analysis of the water samples collected from different depths inside the hole by scientific diving with specefic equibments and the result showed that the water is NaCl type, with domination of Mg and Cl over Ca and SO4. The Stiff diagram, detected that very high TDS arising mainly from sodium and chloride, it is mostly typical marine water. Values of δ18O and δ2H in water samples of Sawa Lake, when plotted along the global meteoric water line shows that the three collected water samples from the lake, which have a similar isotopic composition, indicating that all of them are receiving water from the same flow zones, with diffuse recharge type. Also, the isotopic parameter showed that the Sawa lake water suffering from strong evaporation.
Mapping of Seafloor and Delineating Coral Reefs of Southern Iraq/Northwest Arabian Gulf by Side Scan Sonar Technique
Authors: Al-Rawi F.T. , Al-Mosawi W.M. , Al-Tememi M.K.
Published: March 2023

High-resolution Side Scan Sonar data, under-water observation (video and photograph) and bottom samples (rocks and sediments) were integrated to map the seafloor of the Palinurus shoal which is one of the submerged shoal site in the Iraqi territorial marine, Northwest region of the Arabian Gulf. The Side Scan Sonar field survey was carried out along with eight parallel profile extending in SE-NW direction, at a length of 2.8 km for each line. Four backscatter patterns were mapped within the study area. The pattern reflects various seafloor lithology. The average depth of sea bottom was determined at 7 - 10 m. Coral Reefs were mainly found at two parts of the shoal site in the formed assemblages and sporadic in central and northern parts of the site respectively. These coral take different shapes, sizes and colors. Also, they are live in some places and dead in others.
Morphological and histological studies of brain development in embryos and larvae of the common carp Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758)
Authors: Mojer A.M. , Mezyad Z.A.K. , Saleh J.H.
Published: March 2023

In the present study, the morph-histological characterization of the brain development in common carp was studied in Basrah, Southern Iraq, by examining the several samples of eggs and larvae of Common carp Cyprinus carpio. The temperature of the water in incubators was 25 -27 ˚C and the incubation of eggs were carried out for 38 hour. Morphologically, neural stage was emerged after eight hours of incubation with continuation of epiboly processes Brain was progressively differentiated into three main parts namely forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Forebrain was differentiated into telencephalon and diencephalon. Optic primordial was appeared after 12 hours of fertilization in a form of evagination from both sides of the forebrain and slightly oval elongated and then characterized optic vesicle, then the lens was appeared. Hindbrain was clearly differentiated and neuromerse was marked after 22 hours of fertilization. Histologically, the brain at the age of 24 hours was composed of a mass of undifferentiated neuroectoderm, whilst at the age of 28 hours appeared more differentiated with clarity a cerebral hemisphere on both sides of the forebrain and it was a mass of undifferentiated neuron cells. Gradually, the brain parts were completed with a differentiation of several layers until the age of 20 days after hatching.
Descriptive and comparative osteology of five cyprinid fishes from Southern Iraq
Authors: Abdullah A.H.J.
Published: March 2023

Descriptive and comparison osteology was conducted in the present research for five species of cyprinid fishes during the period from June to September 2016 of some paired head bones for premaxilla, maxilla, lower Jaw and opercular. A total of 111 specimens were collected by electrofishing from Huwaza and Chybiyesh marshes Southern Iraq include: Carasobarbus luteus, Carassius gibelio, Cyprinus carpio, Leuciscus vorax and Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi. Results showed the significant differences (P<0.05) among bones of species which were described and compared in both intergeneric and interspecific. Statistical analysis was done for all bones. Coefficient of determination (r2) showed a strength correlation of the linear association between standard length and length of premaxilla, maxilla, dentary, angloluarticular and opercular of L. vorax (0.973, 0.89, 0.976, 0.95 and 0.986) respectively. The present study revealed new information about the phylogeny of cyprinids by evident the differences among species in the shape and design of bones, which was rise to isolate it in different genera, but there was convergence in general shape to join it in one family
The Present Status of Fish Farm in Floating Cages at Thi-Qar Governorate
Authors: Abbood N.N. , Jabir A.A. , Youns K.H.
Published: March 2023

A field survey has been conducted for number of floating cages fish farms in 2016 at Thi-Qar Governorate. During a field visits for fish farms, we have distributed a survey forms, results of the survey showed that the number of fish breeding farms in cages in Thi-Qar Governorate reached 22 licensed farms included 458 cages were distributed on 7 districts. Highest number of cages was at Refayi District (164 cages) (41.20 %) of total number, and lowest number was at Shatra District (10 cages) (2.51 %) of total number. Farmed area of cages amounted 5926 m2, and total size 12637 m3, the highest of them were at Qalaat Cikar District (surface area = 2288 m2, 38 %; size = 5056 m3 40 %), while the lowest were at Shatra District (surface area = 120 m2, 2.05 %; size = 240 m3 1.89 %). Hilla’s Farms were the most sources of providing small fishes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) for fish farms and floating cages in Thi-Qar Governorate, where farms of Suqal shuyukh District, Refayi District, Bathaa District and Al-Nasur District were 100 % depend on Hilla’s farms. Mechanical method was the common method for feeding the farmed fish in most of Districts in the Governorate. Farmed fish rates in floating cages ranged between 200-150 g in most of the districts of the Governorate while fish marketing rates have ranged between 1.000 g - 1800 g. Duration of breeding period was ranged between 7-9 months in most of districts. Fish farming rates were convergent in all districts and ranged between 39-52 fish/m3, while the overall rate in the Governorate was 40 fish /m3.
Adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution using Iraqi Porcellanite rocks
Authors: Abood M.I. , Jassim T.E.
Published: March 2023

Industrial wastewater and other polluted water need to be treated to make it possible to discharge into rivers and reuse them. Adsorption takes the importance of ways to remove organic and inorganic pollutants in water. The search for materials that are locally available and cheap to use as adsorbent surfaces. The Iraqiporcellanite powder can be used to remove the dye of Rhodamine B in batch method. The effect of various experimental parameters such as contact time, temperature, solution pH, weight of adsorbent initial dye concentration, ionic strength were investigated. The adsorption studies included both equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics. The applicability of Langmuir and Freundlich equations was investigated at different temperature, and the Freundlich isotherm exhibited the best fit with experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption was a spontaneous process (ΔG was negative), the negative value of ΔH indicate endothermic and ΔS was positive value (random), the kinetic data well described by Pseudo-second order kinetic model with intra particle diffusion as one of the rate limitring steps.
Effect of Karun River on the salinity status in the Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah - Iraq
Authors: Al-Mahmood H.K. , Mahmood A.B.
Published: March 2023

The present work presents key results for the effect of Karun River on the salinity status in the Shatt Al-Arab River, in which the Total Dissolved Solid could be described the salinity status. The salinization of water is a problem of many Rivers, especially, the Rivers of Iraq. The water of Shatt Al-Arab River in the south of Iraq is experiencing a salty problem due to the lack of freshwater discharges that started since the last decade of the last century due to anthropogenic and natural causes. The path of Karun River has been diverted temporary into the Iranian territory since 2009, which is the only stream into Shatt Al-Arab River at the southern part of its sharing course with Iran. However, there is a positive role of the temporary water releases from the Karun River in reducing the salinity of the water in some locations near the mouth and in the course of the Shatt Al-Arab River during Autumn and Winter and some months of the Spring. This has confirmed by the following-up of the behavior of salinity along the path of the River over the period 2008-2017.The present study showed that the monthly TDS rates at Shatt Al-Arab River stations (i.e. Basrah, Abu Al-Khaseb and Sehan) have affected by the Karun River releases. As there is a decrease in the values of TDS at Abu Al-Khaseb and Sehan stations during the high and low tide. However, the negative effect of Karun River occurred through increasing the TDS trends, and hence the salinity, during March and Summer.
Spatial distribution of soil water erosion at Al-Hawiz Dam in Western Syria using CORINE model
Authors: Al-Rubaye A. , Barakat M. , Mahmood A.B.
Published: March 2023

Water erosion is one of the most important environmental problems that cause soil degradation in the areas of water basins in the Syrian coast. The present study aims at determining the spatial distribution of the risk of water erosion of the lands of Al-Hawiz Basin (Jableh region) using the CORINE model. The CORINE model is based on calculating all factors that affect water erosion: soil erosion factor, erosion factor, inclination factor, ground cover fac  tor. The soil susceptibility factor for erosion was calculated by estimating both the soil texture, soil depth and gravity percentage for preparing a potential risk map. The feasibility of both the soil susceptibility factor map and the slope map prepared from the use of DEM and the value of the erosion factor were calculated using system technology Geographical information. Then the ground cover map was prepared and classified into two rows according to the degree of protection. The actual risk map was prepared from the seriousness of the potential danger map and the land cover map. The study showed that 12.79% of the studied area is under the control of severe erosion while 32.10% of which had an average risk of erosion, and the risk of erosion was low in the largest part of the area (55.11%). The areas of severe erosion have been concentrated in the central western region of Lake Al-Sadd. It has been shown that vegetation is the most influencing factor in erosion, as it worked to reduce the high risk of possible soil erosion by 50.83%.
Climatic and environmental changes during the late Holocene at Harier area, North of Basrah Governorate, Southern Iraq
Authors: Klakhan S.Q. , Muhammad A.H. , Al-Jubouri B.S.
Published: March 2023

The present article includes a Palynomorphs analysis of the recent sediments of Harier area in the north of Basrah Governorate. Thirty six samples were analyzed; Pollen diagrams were drown depending on the percentage of some pollen, spores that indicate environmental and climatic changes. Five pollen zones were recorded which represent the climate of Late Holocene period. This study revealed new results of environmental and climatic changes during the late Holocene period in the marshes areas of southern Iraq, especially the study area. About 30 species and 14 Genera of pollen, 6 species of spores, 8 forms of fungi and Dinoflagellate were recorded.
New records algal species from the Shatt Al-Arab River, Southern Iraq
Authors: Alwaeli A.A.A. , Athbi A.M.
Published: March 2023

Shatt Al-Arab River is an important inlands river in Iraq, It is considered an important source of fresh and water for the city of Basrah, as it is used for drinking and orchards irrigation also used for industrial and commercial purposes. Sampling was carried out monthly from November 2019 to December 2020 from Shatt Al-Arab River. The present study made records nine of algae species for the first time in Iraq. Represented by six species of Chlorophyta (Eremosphaera tanganyikae, Microspora wittrockii, Monoraphidium komarkova, Mychonastes pusshpae, Scenedesmus similagineus and Spongiococcum tetrasporum), one species of Cyanophyta (Pseudanabaena catenata), one species of Dinophyta (Impagidinium paradoxum), and one species of Euglenophyta (Strombomonas verrucosa).
Distribution of Zooplankton in the South of Al-Hammar Marshes, Southern Iraq
Authors: Abbas M.F. , Ajeel S.G.
Published: March 2023

Seasonal variation of the quality and quantity of zooplankton was studied in four selected stations of Southern Al-Hammar Marshes, from October 2018 to July 2019. Plankton net (0.1 mm. mesh size) was used to collect the samples of zooplankton. The population density of zooplankton in the study area ranged from 725 ind./m3 in Summer 2019 at station 1 (Al-Barga station) to 151413 ind./m3 in Autumn 2018 at station 3 (Hareer station), with an average of 39336 ind./m3. The Crustacea was the dominant group; it was accounted for (96.3%) of the total zooplankton, Copepoda constituted about (80.3%) followed by Cirripede larvae (13%), Rotifera (3.3%), and Cladocera (2.4%) of the total zooplankton. The Cyclopoida was the dominant group of Copepoda at all stations (95.6%), followed by the nauplii of Copepoda (2.8 %), Calanoida (1.3 %) and Harpacticoida (0.3 %).
Extraction of phycobiliprotein pigments from Oscillatoria princeps by using different methods
Authors: Al-Sarray M.H.J. , Al Mousawi N.J. , Saleh A.A.
Published: March 2023

In the current study, one isolation was obtained from the Cyanophyta Oscillatoria princeps which was collected from pond water located in Khor Al-Zubair/Basrah during August 2018. The current study aims at extracting and purifying of some effective pigments from the above isolate, test them chemically. Allophycocyanin (APC) pigments were highest among other pigments in sample removal-oil compared to the quantities of concentrations of phycoerythrin (PE) and phycocyanin (PC) pigments. The stationary phase in the industrial media have produced the largest amount of pigments. Phycobiliproteins were observed through the UV-Visible peaks. Freeze-dried samples or removal-oil showed that phycobiliproteins aren't affected by increasing or decreasing the sonication period. The study showed that it’s possible to use different media for pigments extraction as buffers and acetate buffer has been mastered. The freezing-thawing method is the best compared with other methods, the concentration of phycoerythrin (PE) pigments began to increase gradually from 6-12 days at PC and PE pigments extract, respectively. According to the statistical analysis, there are significance differences in Phycoerythrin. pigments concentration from 9th day to the 12th day.
Isaac Newton on the action at a distance in gravity: With or without God?
Authors:   Multimedia SRL, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: March 2023

The interpretation of Isaac Newton's texts has sparked controversy to this day. One of the most heated debates relates to the action between two bodies distant from each other (the gravitational attraction), and to what extent Newton involved God in this case. Practically, most of the papers discuss four types of gravitational attractions in the case of remote bodies: direct distance action as intrinsic property of bodies in epicurean sense; direct remote action divinely mediated by God; remote action mediated by a material ether; or remote action mediated by an immaterial ether. The purpose of this paper is to argue that Newton categorically rejected the types of direct action as the intrinsic property of bodies, and remote action mediated by a material ether. Concerning the other two types of action, direct through divine intervention and mediated through an immaterial environment, Newton has repeatedly stated that he does not know the exact cause of gravity, but in both cases, he has directly involved God, directly in the first case and as the primary cause (the environment/ether being the secondary cause) in immaterial mediated action. But since recognition of direct distance action could have given some credit to those who thought gravity could be essential to matter, and hence to atheism, Newton never openly acknowledged the possibility of such an idea.
PROJETO: PRODUÇÃO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA LIMPA PARA PRODUTORES RURAIS TENDO COMO FONTE PRINCIPAL ÁGUA PLUVIAL
Authors:   Oziel Luz, Rabelo Claudio , Filho Marcelo , Cortês Maria , Gomes Nathan , Macedo Renée ,   Bethânia Gomes
Published: March 2023

Este projeto trata de um sistema de geração de energia elétrica a partir do escoamento de água pluvial captada em calhas predispostas em telhados. Sua elaboração objetiva a produção local de eletricidade limpa por produtores rurais, como produtores de açaí, produtores de cacau, piscicultores, entre outros, visando a redução dos gastos com energia elétrica, ou mesmo oportunizando aqueles que não possuem energia disponibilizada pela fornecedora. A água captada torna-se força motriz no sistema, movimentando pás, produzindo energia elétrica limpa. Após esse processo, é armazenada em reservatório e, no momento necessário, alimenta um sistema de irrigação do solo. Em períodos com menos incidência chuvosa, é apresentado um sistema secundário, alimentado por energia solar, que transportará água de um poço artesiano, dando continuidade à produção de eletricidade. Toda energia produzida alimentará o local e será armazenada em banco de baterias para utilização p
Implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of dynamic object detection tools for multithreaded and distributed processing of graphical data
Authors:   Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Kravets O. , Aksenov I. ,   Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs, Vladimir, Atlasov I. ,   Moscow University of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russian Federation named by V. Ja. Kikot, Moscow, Rahman P. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Redkin Yu. ,   Admiral Ushakov Maritime State University, Novorossiysk, Frantsisko O. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Bozhko L. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, St. Petersburg
Published: March 2023

Modern monitoring and operational decision-making systems based on image series have become widely used for a wide variety of applications. At the stage of identification of graphic objects, it is established that the found dynamic object belongs to the class of objects of interest based on a comparative analysis of its contours with a given template. The article is the final in a series of articles devoted to theoretical, algorithmic and software components of the video analytics system. The description of the structural components of the video analytics system, the features of the implementation of the dynamic object detection module on video sequences, and the evaluation of the efficiency of the system is presented.
Secure efficient task communication mechanisms for Big Data environment
Authors:   BLDEA's V P Dr. PG Halakatti College of Engineering & Technology, Desai Vinod , Annappaiah Dinesha ,   Shridevi Institute of Engineering and Technology
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a Secure Efficient Task Communication (SETC) Mechanism for Big data environment has been proposed. The SETC mechanism detects the oscillating device efficiently (detects the good and bad behaviour of the node). The results have been compared with the current reliability-based security methods. The SETC method has achieved very good detection rate, reduced the detection failure rate, and provided high reliability in comparison to the current reliability-based security methods. It has been seen that the current reliability-based security methods fail to address the issue of the dynamic behaviour of the sensor nodes and feedback-reliability. In addition, in comparison to the conventional cryptography-based authentication method, the reputation-based security system is far more effective at determining the behaviour of the user.
Computer simulation of strength testing of an object based on signal shaped resources
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University named after R. E. Alekseev, Zelmanov S. , Krylov V. ,   Higher school of economics in Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

Considered the problem of the effectiveness of the proposed and protected method for testing systems and structures, based on the use of the impulse response of the test object as an optimal test signal. The purpose of the study is to confirm the gain in the magnitude of the response of the test object to the optimal signal compared to traditional methods. To solve the considered problem, an approach based on the representation of the test object in the form of a matched filter is proposed. As a result of computer simulation of the procedure for the impact of various test signals on the test object, it was possible to show the advantage of the optimal test signal in the form of the maximum response of the test object to it.
A special mathematical model for the study of electrical circuits components by the method of differential inclusions
Authors:   Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Hien Nguyen , Phuong Le ,   Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Bolnokin V. ,   Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMASH RAN), Moscow
Published: March 2023

Many information technologies for numerical analysis of electrical circuit parameters have been developed. The peculiarity of these methods is their applicability not only to DC but also AC circuits, not only to linear but also nonlinear circuits. This paper introduces the special mathematical model for rectifier circuits using semiconductor diodes. In previous studies, the rectifier circuit has been modelled by differential inclusions. However, the inclusions cannot be solved by the applied programs of information technology. In this paper, the new model writing by differential equation with a special right hand side is studied to replace the classical model. The main result of this is presented in a theorem that gives the correctness of the new model. The usefulness of this study is illustrated via a concrete example.
Dragonfly soft-computing approach for workload scheduling resource utilization maximization using multi-cloud platform
Authors:   KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, Nelli Arundhati , Jogdand Rashmi ,   KLS Gogte Institute of Technology
Published: March 2023

The execution of the real-time workload in the multi-cloud platform with the Service Level Agreement (SLA) requirements is a challenging task. Existing workload scheduling models have addressed issues related to minimizing execution time, cost, and energy with application reliability prerequisite. However, these models are not efficient in maximizing resource utilization under a multi-cloud platform. In addressing resource utilization issues, this paper presents a Workload Scheduling Resource Utilization Maximization (WS-RUM) technique for the multi-cloud platform. The WS-RUM technique leverages a multi-objective such as energy, processing efficiency, and fault-tolerant offloading mechanism employing a dragonfly soft computing algorithm. The WS-RUM improves resource utilization by minimizing both energy and processing time for real-time workload execution in comparison with existing workload execution.
Side channel attack performance of correlation power analysis method in noise
Authors:   CyberPath Training Ltd. Inc. Ankara, Garipay Fikret , Uzgören Kemal ,   Komtel Electronic Ltd. Inc. Trabzon, Kaya İsmail ,   Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon
Published: March 2023

This article explores the use of artificial noise to defend against power analysis and power analysis-based side-channel attacks on AES encryption. The study covers both hardware and open-source software components for performing power analysis and provides an analysis of attack performance. It also explains how security measures against side-channel attacks can be implemented without disrupting system operation.
Investigation of the Effect of Melissa officinalis L. on Fetal Development by Ultrasonography in Rats
Authors: ANADOL Elvan , DEMİREL Mürşide , SÜNTAR İpek , GÜLTEKİN Serap , AVDAN ASLAN Aydan , GÖKÇEOĞLU Ayris , BAHCELIOGLU Meltem , ABBASOĞLU TOPA Elif Gülçiçek , ÇALIKUŞU Ayşen , YARIM Gül Fatma
Published: March 2023

Medicinal plants have been used to treat many diseases since prehistoric times. With the discovery of new medicinal plants, new therapeutic areas have emerged. On the other hand, the posology of these plants and indications for use during pregnancy or adolescence are still debated. The use of Melissa officinalis L. (M. Officinalis) in traditional medicine is common, but its effect on fetal development is not clear. Ultrasonographic evaluation of fetal development is critical. Unfortunately, ultrasound probe differences used in pregnancy studies in rats are confusing. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to search both possible effects of M. officinalis on fetal development, and test the effectiveness of human breast ultrasound probes in the ultrasonographic evaluation of rat fetuses. Rats were randomly divided into Control and M. officinalis groups. M. officinalis was gavaged for 21 consecutive days 24 hours after mating. Rats in the Control group were treated with the extract of M. officinalis. Ultrasonography examination was performed with the superficial probe used in breast examination in humans. Gestational sac diameters, biparietal diameters, crown-rump lengths, and heart rates of fetuses were measured in both groups. According to our results, ultrasonographic measurements on the 15th, 17th, and 20th days of pregnancy were higher in the M. officinalis group than in the Control group. However, both groups had no statistical significance according to all measurements. As a result, it was concluded that M. officinalis extract might not have any effect on the development of rat fetuses in terms of ultrasonographic examination, whereas pregnancy can be diagnosed with human ultrasonography devices and the development of fetuses can be followed in rats.
Theoretical analysis of polarization-angle-dependent magic-wavelength optical dipole trap of Cs atoms
Authors: Bai Jian-Dong , Liu Shuo , Liu Wen-Yuan , Jie Qi , Wang Jun-Min ,   Department of Physics, School of Semiconductor and Physics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: March 2023

Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms is of great significance for studying the physical and chemical properties of atoms. To further realize the spatial localization of atoms, optical dipole trap (ODT) was proposed to manipulate individual atoms, ions or molecules and has become an increasingly important technique in the field of cold atomic physics and quantum optics. To eliminate the differential light shift of transitions between atomic states, ODT can be turned off during excitation/radiation. However, it will shorten the trap lifetime of the atom and reduce the repetition rate of the single photon. The AC stark shift can be eliminated experimentally by constructing blue-detuned dark ODT, but the micron-level dark ODT usually requires more complex experimental equipment and is not easy to operate. Therefore, magic-wavelength ODT was constructed to realize that the transition frequency of photons between atomic states is the same as in free space. When the trapping laser makes the differential light shift of the transition between the two atomic states zero, the laser wavelength is called the magic wavelength. The magic-wavelength ODT can eliminate the differential light shift of the transition between atoms, improve the repetition rate of the experimental sequence and weaken the atomic decoherence. In recent years, it has become a powerful tool for manipulating cold atoms, especially for coherently manipulating the atomic inner states. In the present work, with the theory of multi-level model, we calculate the dynamic electric polarizability of the 6S1/2 ground state and the 6P3/2 excited state connecting the D2 line of cesium atom in a range of 800–1000 nm, and obtain the magic wavelength of the optical trapping laser to trap the ground state and the excited state. Since the polarizability of atomic states with angular momentum greater than 0.5 is very sensitive to the polarization angle, the polarization-angle-dependent magic wavelength and the corresponding magic polarizability are analyzed by taking the linearly-polarized trapping laser for example. The magic polarization angle is 54.7° and the magic wavelength at this angle are 886.4315 and 934.0641 nm, respectively. The robustness of the magic conditions and the feasibility of the experimental operation are further analyzed.
Norms over Q-intuitionistic fuzzy subgroups of a group
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Payame Noor University, Rasuli Rasul
Published: March 2023

In this work, by using norms (t-norms and t-conorms), Q-intuitionistic fuzzy subgroups of a group are defined and investigated some of their properties and structured characteristics.
Activity regulates a cell type-specific mitochondrial phenotype in zebrafish lateral line hair cells
Authors: McQuate Andrea , Knecht Sharmon , Raible David W
Published: March 2023

Hair cells of the inner ear are particularly sensitive to changes in mitochondria, the subcellular organelles necessary for energy production in all eukaryotic cells. There are over 30 mitochondrial deafness genes, and mitochondria are implicated in hair cell death following noise exposure, aminoglycoside antibiotic exposure, as well as in age-related hearing loss. However, little is known about the basic aspects of hair cell mitochondrial biology. Using hair cells from the zebrafish lateral line as a model and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, we have quantifiably characterized a unique hair cell mitochondrial phenotype that includes (1) a high mitochondrial volume and (2) specific mitochondrial architecture: multiple small mitochondria apically, and a reticular mitochondrial network basally. This phenotype develops gradually over the lifetime of the hair cell. Disrupting this mitochondrial phenotype with a mutation in opa1 impacts mitochondrial health and function. While hair cell activity is not required for the high mitochondrial volume, it shapes the mitochondrial architecture, with mechanotransduction necessary for all patterning, and synaptic transmission necessary for the development of mitochondrial networks. These results demonstrate the high degree to which hair cells regulate their mitochondria for optimal physiology and provide new insights into mitochondrial deafness.
Structural basis for the Rad6 activation by the Bre1 N-terminal domain
Authors: Shi Meng , Zhao Jiaqi , Zhang Simin , Huang Wei , Li Mengfei , Bai Xue , Zhang Wenxue , Zhang Kai , Chen Xuefeng , Xiang Song
Published: March 2023

The mono-ubiquitination of the histone protein H2B (H2Bub1) is a highly conserved histone post-translational modification that plays critical roles in many fundamental processes. In yeast, this modification is catalyzed by the conserved Bre1–Rad6 complex. Bre1 contains a unique N-terminal Rad6-binding domain (RBD), how it interacts with Rad6 and contributes to the H2Bub1 catalysis is unclear. Here, we present crystal structure of the Bre1 RBD–Rad6 complex and structure-guided functional studies. Our structure provides a detailed picture of the interaction between the dimeric Bre1 RBD and a single Rad6 molecule. We further found that the interaction stimulates Rad6’s enzymatic activity by allosterically increasing its active site accessibility and likely contribute to the H2Bub1 catalysis through additional mechanisms. In line with these important functions, we found that the interaction is crucial for multiple H2Bub1-regulated processes. Our study provides molecular insights into the H2Bub1 catalysis.