bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doping tradizionale e doping genetico: questioni etiche / Traditional doping and genetic doping: ethical issues
Authors: Buzzi Elisa
Published: March 2018

Il complesso fenomeno del doping presenta notevoli problemi di definizione. Queste difficoltà, che hanno influenzato l’evoluzione delle politiche anti-doping, sono ulteriormente acuite dall’assenza di una cornice etica chiaramente definita, in grado di giustificare inequivocabilmente le azioni di contrasto intraprese dalle agenzie sportive a partire dalla seconda metà del XX secolo. Ai problemi di interpretazione del doping nelle sue forme tradizionali si sono aggiunte, da qualche decennio, le questioni relative al doping genetico. Il contributo analizza le diverse tipologie di tecnologia genetica, potenzialmente utilizzabili per un miglioramento della prestazione atletica, nella prospettiva di una valutazione etica. Oltre ai problemi medici, legali e morali del doping tradizionale, il doping genetico pone dilemmi etici inediti che rischiano di rendere le risposte dell’etica sportiva e delle politiche anti-doping, se non inefficaci, per lo meno inadeguate e anacronistiche. Nonostante la difficoltà di prevedere l’impatto che le tecnologie genetiche potranno avere sul mondo dello sport, la prospettiva del doping genetico, non diversamente da altre forme di doping, ma più radicalmente, pone due tipi di questioni. In primo luogo, costringe a ripensare alla natura e alle finalità dello sport e delle competizioni atletiche come espressioni dell’eccellenza umana. In secondo luogo, solleva questioni fondamentali circa la definizione dell’identità e della dignità umane nella civiltà tecnologica. ---------- Interpreting doping is fraught with difficulties at the very level of a comprehensive and consistent definition of the phenomenon. Such difficulties have influenced the evolution of anti-doping policies, that are further hindered by the lack of a clearly articulated ethical framework. Moreover, in the last few decades, a host of moral dilemmas has been arising in connection with gene doping. This article analyses different kinds of genetic technology that could enhance athletic performances in the light of their moral implications. In addition to the medical, legal, and ethical problems inherent in traditional doping, gene doping raises a whole range of new ethical issues that might render the current formulations of sport ethics and anti-doping policies, if not ineffectual, at least inadequate and anachronistic. Notwithstanding the difficulties in foreseeing how developments in genetic technology might impact the world of sport in the future, the perspective of gene doping radicalises two kinds of issues, that are not stranger to other forms of doping. Firstly, it leads to reconsider the nature and goals of sport as an expression of human excellency, and secondly, it raises fundamental questions about the definition of human identity and dignity in a technological civilization.
Dire la verità / To tell the truth
Authors: Turoldo Fabrizio
Published: March 2018

Dire o non dire la verità? Mentire a fin di bene? Dire subito tutta la verità, oppure farla trapelare progressivamente, tenendo conto della capacità che l’interlocutore ha di sopportarla? Questi dilemmi etici si pongono nei più svariati campi professionali e, prima ancora, nella nostra vita quotidiana. Le diverse tradizioni che hanno dato origine alla cultura occidentale, a cominciare dalla cultura greca e da quella giudaico-cristiana, hanno avuto atteggiamenti diversificati nei confronti della verità e della menzogna? E la modernità come si è posta di fronte a questo tema? Infine, come si è sviluppata la riflessione filosofica su questi temi? Come si sono posti autori quali Platone, Agostino, Machiavelli, Montaigne, Grozio, Kant, Constant, Feyerabend, MacIntyre, Sandel, di fronte a questo problema? Dopo aver preso in esame queste questioni il saggio prova a dare una risposta alla difficile problematica, facendo leva sulla nozione aristotelica di phronesis e su quella kantiana del giudizio riflettente, mettendone alla prova l’efficacia soprattutto nel campo della bioetica e della pratica clinica in medicina. ---------- Can we lie for a good purpose? Is it better to tell the whole truth immediately, or to leak it progressively, taking into account the interlocutor’s capacity to suffer? These ethical dilemmas are often raised in the most varied professional fields and first of all in our daily life. Do the different traditions that gave rise to western culture share similar attitudes towards truth and lies? What about Greek culture? What about Judeo-Christian culture? What about Modernity? How has philosophical reflection developed these topics? What did Plato, Augustine, Machiavelli, Grotius, Kant, Constant, Feyerabend, MacIntyre and Sandel think about these issues? After dealing with these difficult questions, this short essay tries to look for an answer in the Aristotelian concept of phronesis and in the Kantian notion of reflective judgement, testing these conceptual tools through bioethical and clinical medical cases.
Chronic exposure to high fat diet exacerbates arsenic-induced lung damages in male mice: Possible role for oxidative stress
Authors: Hemmati Ali Asghar , Alboghobeish Soheila , Ahangarpour Akram
Published: March 2018

Arsenic is a common environmental and occupational contaminant worldwide which can influence the development of respiratory diseases. In recent years, alteration in the lifestyle as well as food habits have led to increased consumption of food containing high levels of fat. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) on arsenic-induced damages and oxidative stress in the lung tissue of mice. This is the first study to reveal the effect of diet-induced obesity on arsenic-induced lung damages. Seventy-two male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were divided into six groups and fed an HFD or standard diet (SD) while being exposed to 25 or 50 ppm of arsenic through drinking water for 20 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the lung weight to body weight ratio; oxidative stress markers, nitrite level, and hydroxyproline content in the lung tissue; and lung histology were evaluated. The results demonstrated that arsenic exposure leads to a significant decrease in the glutathione level and catalase enzyme activity, and significantly increased reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and nitrite level, but it did not affect the superoxide dismutase activity and hydroxyproline content in the lung tissue. Consequently, all the parameters studied aggravated when HFD was consumed along with arsenic. These findings were confirmed by histological examination. Our study showed that HFD increased arsenic-induced lung damages through oxidative stress in mice. These findings could be important for clinical research to protect against arsenic-induced respiratory toxicity in humans.
Depression and Anxiety as Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis - United Arab Emirates
Authors: Alsaadi Taoufik , El Hammasi Khadija , Shahrour Tarek M. , Shakra Mustafa , Turkawi Lamya , Nasreddine Wassim , Kassie Seada , Raoof Mufeed
Published: March 2018

To study the impact of depression and anxiety on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) in the UAE. All consecutive patients attending the MS clinic over a fourmonth period, October 2014 through February 2015, at Sheikh Khalifa Medical city (SKMC) were asked to complete The World Health Organization quality of life abbreviated scale (WHOQOL-BREF), the Patient Health Questionnaire nine-item (PHQ-9) depression scale, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder seven-item (GAD-7) scale. These last two scales were used to screen for depression and anxiety disorders respectively. The study looked at significant variables associated with HRQOL, using multivariate analysis. Eighty patients were enrolled in the study. Both anxiety and depression had a strong positive correlation with HRQOL in univariate analysis. However, depression was the strongest predictor of HRQOL in the patients using linear multi-regression analysis. Screening and timely treatment of both anxiety and depression in MS patients should be a recommended policy when managing pwMS to improve their optimal care and ensure better quality of life.
Shoulder Taping and Neuromuscular Control
Authors: Snodgrass Suzanne J. , Farrell Scott F. , Tsao Henry , Osmotherly Peter G. , Rivett Darren A. , Chipchase Lucy S. , Schabrun Siobhan M.
Published: March 2018

Context: 

Scapular taping can offer clinical benefit to some patients with shoulder pain; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Understanding these mechanisms may guide the development of treatment strategies for managing neuromusculoskeletal shoulder conditions.

Objective: 

To examine the mechanisms underpinning the benefits of scapular taping.

Design: 

Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting: 

University laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: 

A total of 15 individuals (8 men, 7 women; age = 31.0 ± 12.4 years, height = 170.9 ± 7.6 cm, mass = 73.8 ± 14.4 kg) with no history of shoulder pain.

Intervention(s): 

Scapular taping.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to assess the (1) magnitude and onset of contraction of the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior relative to the contraction of the middle deltoid during active shoulder flexion and abduction and (2) corticomotor excitability (amplitude of motor-evoked potentials from transcranial magnetic stimulation) of these muscles at rest and during isometric abduction. Active shoulder-flexion and shoulder-abduction range of motion were also evaluated. All outcomes were measured before taping, immediately after taping, 24 hours after taping with the original tape on, and 24 hours after taping with the tape removed.

Results: 

Onset of contractions occurred earlier immediately after taping than before taping during abduction for the UT (34.18 ± 118.91 milliseconds and 93.95 ± 106.33 milliseconds, respectively, after middle deltoid contraction; P = .02) and during flexion for the LT (110.02 ± 109.83 milliseconds and 5.94 ± 92.35 milliseconds, respectively, before middle deltoid contraction; P = .06). These changes were not maintained 24 hours after taping. Mean motor-evoked potential onset of the middle deltoid was earlier at 24 hours after taping (tape on = 7.20 ± 4.33 milliseconds) than before taping (8.71 ± 5.24 milliseconds, P = .008). We observed no differences in peak root mean square EMG activity or corticomotor excitability of the scapular muscles among any time frames.

Conclusions: 

Scapular taping was associated with the earlier onset of UT and LT contractions during shoulder abduction and flexion, respectively. Altered corticomotor excitability did not underpin earlier EMG onsets of activity after taping in this sample. Our findings suggested that the optimal time to engage in rehabilitative exercises to facilitate onset of trapezius contractions during shoulder movements may be immediately after tape application.
Chaotic Vibration of a Two-dimensional Non-strictly Hyperbolic Equation
Authors: Li Liangliang , Tian Jing , Chen Goong
Published: March 2018

The study of chaotic vibration for multidimensional PDEs due to nonlinear boundary conditions is challenging. In this paper, we mainly investigate the chaotic oscillation of a two-dimensional non-strictly hyperbolic equation due to an energy-injecting boundary condition and a distributed self-regulating boundary condition. By using the method of characteristics, we give a rigorous proof of the onset of the chaotic vibration phenomenon of the zD non-strictly hyperbolic equation. We have also found a regime of the parameters when the chaotic vibration phenomenon occurs. Numerical simulations are also provided.
Hopf-dihedral (co)homology and $L$-theory
Authors: Kaygun Atabey , Sütlü Serkan
Published: March 2018

We develop an appropriate dihedral extension of the Connes–Moscovici characteristic map for Hopf

\ast

-algebras. We then observe that one can use this extension together with the dihedral Chern character to detect non-trivial

L

-theory classes of a

\ast

-algebra that carry a Hopf symmetry over a Hopf

\ast

-algebra. Using our machinery we detect a previously unknown

L

-class of the standard Podleś sphere.
Homotopic Hopf–Galois extensions revisited
Authors: Berglund Alexander , Hess Kathryn
Published: March 2018

In this article we revisit the theory of homotopic Hopf–Galois extensions introduced in [9], in light of the homotopical Morita theory of comodules established in [3].We generalize the theory to a relative framework, which we believe is new even in the classical context and which is essential for treating the Hopf–Galois correspondence in [19]. We study in detail homotopic Hopf–Galois extensions of differential graded algebras over a commutative ring, for which we establish a descent-type characterization analogous to the one Rognes provided in the context of ring spectra [26]. An interesting feature in the differential graded setting is the close relationship between homotopic Hopf–Galois theory and Koszul duality theory. We show that nice enough principal fibrations of simplicial sets give rise to homotopic Hopf–Galois extensions in the differential graded setting, for which this Koszul duality has a familiar form.
Automorphisms of Cuntz–Krieger algebras
Authors: Eilers Søren , Restorff Gunnar , Ruiz Efren
Published: March 2018

We prove that the natural homomorphism from Kirchberg’s ideal-related

KK

-theory,

KK_\mathcal E(e, e')

, with one specified ideal, into

\mathrm{Hom}_{\Lambda} (\underbar{K}_{\mathcal{E}} (e), \underbar{K}_{\mathcal{E}} (e'))

is an isomorphism for all extensions

e

and

e'

of separable, nuclear

C^{*}

-algebras in the bootstrap category

\mathcal{N}

with the

K

-groups of the associated cyclic six term exact sequence being finitely generated, having zero exponential map and with the

K_{1}

-groups of the quotients being free abelian groups.

This class includes all Cuntz–Krieger algebras with exactly one non-trivial ideal. Combining our results with the results of Kirchberg, we classify automorphisms of the stabilized purely infinite Cuntz–Krieger algebras with exactly one non-trivial ideal modulo asymptotically unitary equivalence. We also get a classification result modulo approximately unitary equivalence.

The results in this paper also apply to certain graph algebras.
Graded twisting of comodule algebras and module categories
Authors: Bichon Julien , Neshveyev Sergey , Yamashita Makoto
Published: March 2018

Continuing our previous work on graded twisting of Hopf algebras and monoidal categories, we introduce a graded twisting construction for equivariant comodule algebras and module categories. As an example we study actions of quantum subgroups of

G\subset\mathrm {SL}_{-1}(2)

on

K_{-1}[x,y]

and show that in most cases the corresponding invariant rings

K_{-1}[x,y]^G

are invariant rings

K[x,y]^{G'}

for the action of a classical subgroup

G'\subset \mathrm {SL}(2)

. As another example we study Poisson boundaries of graded twisted categories and show that under the assumption of weak amenability they are graded twistings of the Poisson boundaries.
Strongly self-absorbing C*-dynamical systems. II
Authors: Szabó Gábor
Published: March 2018

This is a continuation of the study of strongly self-absorbing actions of locally compact groups on C-algebras. Given a strongly self-absorbing action

\gamma: G \curvearrowright \mathcal{D}

, we establish permanence properties for the class of separable C*-dynamical systems absorbing

\gamma

tensorially up to cocycle conjugacy. Generalizing results of both Toms–Winter and Dadarlat–Winter, it is proved that the desirable equivariant analogues of the classical permanence properties hold in this context. For the permanence with regard to equivariant extensions, we need to require a mild extra condition on

\gamma

, which replaces

K_1

-injectivity assumptions in the classical theory. This condition turns out to be automatic for equivariantly Jiang–Su absorbing C*-dynamical systems, yielding a large class of examples. It is left open whether this condition is redundant for all strongly self-absorbing actions, and we do consider examples that satisfy this condition but are not equivariantly Jiang–Su absorbing.
Nigerian journalists and ethical dilemmas: the ‘SAD’ imperative
Authors: Izuogu Kingsley Chukwuemeka , Omeonu Dennis , Ubani Emenike , Ugwu Alphonsus
Published: March 2018

Ever since Philosophers developed and devoted themselves to the study of whyhuman beings behave the way they do, as well as the results of such behaviours, the concept of ethics has continued to grow not only in prominence, but in complexity and controversy. Being a public-spherical profession in which truth, fairness, sense of duty and consideration of possible consequences combine to determine the course of a given action; journalism will continue to remain at the centre of such complex and controvertible discourses for a long time. Basically, the objective of this paper is to research into the ethical dilemmas that hamstring the practice of journalism in Nigeria. Relying on secondary data, this paper radically explores the subject matter vis-à-vis the major reasons that orchestrate journalists’ vulnerability to such dilemmas. In conclusion, the paper submits that the application of the ‘SAD’ formula is a panacea to resolving the various ethical dilemmas encountered by Nigerian journalists in the day-to-day discharge of their responsibilities.Keywords: Ethical Dilemmas, Journalism Practice, Media Laws, Nigerian Society, SAD Imperative
Accounts, excuses and apologies of juvenile sexual offenders in selected prisons in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Aborisade Richard A. , Adeleke Oladele A. , Shontan Abimbola R.
Published: March 2018

Indeed, appreciable number of researches has been conducted to facilitate relevant insights about the aetiology of child sexual offending in Nigeria; however, the understanding of the origins and causes of sexually abusive behaviour perpetrated against minors in the country remains rudimentary. This present study examined the psychosocial and psychosexual histories of offenders and presented the accounts, excuses and apologies of child sexual offenders. Drawing on the Integrated Theory of Sexual Offending (ITSO), explanations of adults’ sexual attraction towards the underage, mode of operation and events leading to sexual abuse of the children were investigated. Qualitative analysis of official demographic and offence history data, and in-depth interviews of 29 purposively selected offenders in Ikoyi, Kirikiri Medium and Kirikiri Maximum Prisons, Lagos revealed that a combination of developmental experiences, biological processes, cultural norms, emotional arrest, psychological vulnerability, and sociological inadequacies are responsible for onset of abusive behaviour towards children. The excuses of the offenders for their abusive behaviour hinged on unfulfilled sexual needs, drug influence, ignorance of the law, impulse disorder, alcohol, senility, the urge to feel in control and powerful or the identification with young children as a result of arrested emotional development. The study concludes that the factors that accounts for child sexual abuse in Nigeria are multidimensional, hence, singular factorial theories may fail to effectively expose the aetiology of sexual abuse of the underage in the country. There is need for concerted efforts to be directed towards addressing the problem of objectification and sexual violence against children in the country.Keywords: Accounts, Apologies, Excuses, Child Sexual Abuse, Juvenile Sex Offenders
Intervención en la Fuente de la Serreta. Rugat, Valencia, España. *** Intervention on the Serreta Fountain. Rugat, Valencia, Spain.
Authors: Alapont Ramón José Luis , Peña Cerdán Antonio
Published: March 2018

Se presenta una de las dos actuaciones realizadas en Rugat, una pequeña población de la Vall d’Albaida (Valencia), de bajísimo presupuesto, obtenido de fondos FEDER, cuyo objetivo fue regenerar el entorno urbano, mediante la intervención en el escaso y degradado espacio público disponible. Ambos casos emplearon hormigón visto como material esencial, adaptando sus posibilidaddes formales, color y textura, a las posibilidades de cada emplazamiento. Además de mejorar accesos y conexión a edificios y calles existentes, el ayuntamiento deseaba obtener pequeños lugares de estancia y reunión para los vecinos, que otorgasen un mínimo de calidad y dignidad a estos espacios, cuyo único interés compartido era la presencia de sendas pequeñas fuentes públicas, entonces en desuso, que fueron incorporadas a la renovación urbana. La Fuente de la Serreta, ocupa un rincón entre dos calles curvas en acusado desnivel. La apuesta fue conciliar la verticalidad del terreno con la horizontalidad del programa, organizado en dos niveles, conectando ambas calles, con la fuente abajo y una plataforma superior, a la vez balcón y protección. Todo se resolvió con una única pieza de hormigón, a la vez cimiento, escalera, banco, muro, losa y pavimento, con un muro de mampostería y un fantástico árbol como fondo.***This paper describes two low-budget interventions carried out in Rugat, a small village in the Albaida Valley in Valencia, financed by FEDER funds. The aim was to regenerate the urban environment of the small and somewhat deteriorated available public space. In both cases concrete was used as the essential material, adapting its formal possibilities, color and texture to the conditions of each site. Besides improving access and the connections with existing buildings and streets, the local council wished to recover small leisure spaces and meeting places with the minimum standards of quality and dignity. The spaces’ only common interest was the presence of small public fountains, previously out of service, which were included in the renovation. The Serreta Fountain was on a corner between two curving streets on a steep slope. The challenge here was to merge the vertical aspect of the terrain with the horizontal design of the program, organized into two levels, connecting both streets with the fountain below  and a platform above that acted as both balcony and protection. The entire project was achieved with a single piece of concrete that acted as foundation, steps, bench, wall, slab and pavement, with a masonry wall and spectacular tree in the background.
Arquitectura, dispositivo de experiencia memorial. *** Architecture: a drive of memorial experience .
Authors: Azulay Tapiero Marilda
Published: March 2018

La arquitectura puede introducirnos en la experiencia de la memoria; memoria como reflexión, y arquitectura como dispositivo para la experiencia memorial a la vez que contenedor de la información. Cada objeto es definido en un proceso en el que considerar diversos actores, sus voluntades, opciones y experiencias. Es el caso de las obras que aborda este trabajo, en las que evidenciar e interrogarnos sobre el gesto arquitectónico, la memoria evocada y su interpretación social. Obras que han alcanzado notoriedad por diferentes motivos: como la Sala del Recuerdo, de Arieh Elhanani, Arieh Sharon y Benjamin Idelson (1961) en Yad Vashem, Jerusalén; por su significado científico e histórico, como el Museo de Historia del Holocausto, también en Yad Vashem, de Moshé Safdie (2005); por su relevancia cultural o arquitectónica, como el Museo Judío (Ampliación del Museo de Berlín con el Departamento del Museo Judío) de Daniel Libeskind en Berlín (1999); e incluso por la controversia que han suscitado, como el Monumento en Memoria de los Judíos Asesinados de Europa, también en Berlín, conocido como el Monumento del Holocausto, de Peter Eisenman (2004).***Architecture can introduce us to the experience of memory; memory as reflection, and architecture as a drive for the experience of remembering as well as a container of information. Each object is de ned in a process in which different actors, their wills, options and experiences, are taken into account. This is the case of the artworks addressed by the present communication, in which we reveal and ask ourselves about the architectural gesture, the evoked memory and its social interpretation. Artworks that have achieved prominence for different reasons, such as the Hall of Remembrance, of Arieh Elhanani, Arieh Sharon and Benjamin Idelson (1961) in Yad Vashem, Jerusalem; for its scientific and historical significance, such as the Holocaust History Museum, also in Yad Vashem, by Moshe Safdie (2005); for its cultural or architectural relevance, such as the Jewish Museum (Extension of the Berlin Museum with the Department of the Jewish Museum) by Daniel Libeskind in Berlin (1999); and even because of the controversy they have raised, such as the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, also in Berlin, known as the Holocaust Memorial, by Peter Eisenman (2004).
Non-Gaussianity and cross-scale coupling in interplanetary magnetic field turbulence during a rope–rope magnetic reconnection event
Authors: Miranda Rodrigo A. , Schelin Adriane B. , Chian Abraham C.-L. , Ferreira José L.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In a recent paper (Chian et al., 2016) it was shown that magnetic
reconnection at the interface region between two magnetic flux ropes
is responsible for the genesis of interplanetary intermittent
turbulence. The normalized third-order moment (skewness) and the
normalized fourth-order moment (kurtosis) display a quadratic
relation with a parabolic shape that is commonly observed in
observational data from turbulence in fluids and plasmas, and is
linked to non-Gaussian fluctuations due to coherent structures. In
this paper we perform a detailed study of the relation between the
skewness and the kurtosis of the modulus of the magnetic field
|B| during a triple interplanetary magnetic flux rope
event. In addition, we investigate the skewness–kurtosis relation of
two-point differences of |B| for the same event. The
parabolic relation displays scale dependence and is found to be
enhanced during magnetic reconnection, rendering support for the
generation of non-Gaussian coherent structures via rope–rope
magnetic reconnection. Our results also indicate that a direct
coupling between the scales of magnetic flux ropes and the scales
within the inertial subrange occurs in the solar wind. Keywords. Space plasma physics (turbulence)
Links between annual surface temperature variation and land cover
heterogeneity for a boreal forest as characterized by continuous, fibre-optic
DTS monitoring
Authors: Saito Kazuyuki , Iwahana Go , Ikawa Hiroki , Nagano Hirohiko , Busey Robert
Published: March 2018

Abstract. A fibre-optic DTS (distributed temperature sensing) system using Raman-scattering optical time domain reflectometry was deployed to monitor a boreal forest research site in the interior of Alaska. Surface temperatures range between −40 ºC in winter to 30 ºC in summer at this site. In parallel experiments, a fibre-optic cable sensor system (multi-mode, GI50/125, dual core; 3.4 mm) monitored at high-resolution (0.5-metre intervals every 30 minutes) ground surface across the landscape and, at several points a high resolution vertical profile from the upper subsurface to a meter above. The total cable ran 2.7 km with about 2.0 km monitoring a horizontal surface path. Sections of the cable sensor were deployed in vertical coil configurations (1.2 m high) to measure vertical temperature profiles from the ground up at 5-mm intervals. Measurements were collected continuously over a two year interval from October, 2012 to October, 2014. Vegetation of the overall site (Poker Flat Research Range) consists primarily of black spruce underlain by permafrost. Land cover types within the study area were classified into six descriptive categories: relict thermokarst lake, open moss, shrub, deciduous forest, sparse conifer forest, and dense conifer forest. The horizontal temperature data exhibited spatio-temporal patterns within the observed diurnal and seasonal variation. Differences in snow pack evolution and insulation effects co-varied with the land cover types. The apparatus used to monitor vertical temperature profiles generated high-resolution (c. 5 mm) data for air column, snow cover, and ground surface. This research also identified several technical challenges of deploying and maintaining a DTS system in sub-arctic environments.
ORACLE 2-D (v2.0): An efficient module to compute the volatility and oxygen
content of organic aerosol with a global chemistry – climate model
Authors: Tsimpidi Alexandra P. , Karydis Vlassis A. , Pozzer Andrea , Pandis Spyros N. , Lelieveld Jos
Published: March 2018

Abstract. A new module, ORACLE 2-D, simulating the organic aerosol formation and evolution in the atmosphere has been developed and evaluated. The module calculates the concentrations of surrogate organic species in two-dimensional space defined by volatility and oxygen-to-carbon ratio. It is implemented into the EMAC global chemistry – climate model, and a comprehensive evaluation of its performance is conducted using an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) factor analysis dataset derived from almost all major field campaigns that took place globally during the period 2001–2010. ORACLE 2-D uses a simple photochemical aging scheme that simulates efficiently the net effects of fragmentation and functionalization of the organic compounds. The module predicts not only the mass concentration of organic aerosol (OA) components, but also their oxidation state (in terms of O:C), which allows their classification into primary OA (POA, chemically unprocessed), fresh secondary OA (SOA, low oxygen content) and aged SOA (highly oxygenated). The explicit simulation of chemical OA conversion from freshly emitted compounds to a highly oxygenated state during photochemical aging enables the tracking of hygroscopicity changes of OA that result from these reactions. ORACLE 2-D can thus compute the ability of OA particles to act as cloud condensation nuclei, and serves a tool to quantify the climatic impact of OA.
Observational operators for dual polarimetric radars in variational
data assimilation systems
Authors: Kawabata Takuya , Schwitalla Thomas , Adachi Ahoro , Bauer Hans-Stefan , Wulfmeyer Volker , Nagumo Nobuhiro , Yamauchi Hiroshi
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We developed two observational operators for dual polarimetric radars and implemented them in two variational data assimilation systems: WRF Var, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model variational data assimilation system, and NHM-4DVAR, the nonhydrostatic variational data assimilation system for the Japan Meteorological Agency nonhydrostatic model. The operators consist of a space interpolator, two types of variable converters as well as their linearized and transposed (adjoint) operators. The space interpolator takes account of the effects of radar-beam broadening in both vertical and horizontal directions and climatological beam bending. The first variable converter emulates polarimetric parameters with model prognostic variables and includes attenuation effects, and the second one derives rainwater content from the observed polarimetric parameter (specific differential phase). We developed linearized and adjoint operators for the space interpolator and variable converters and then assessed whether the linearity of the linearized operators and the accuracy of the adjoint operators were good enough for implementation in variational systems. The results of a simple assimilation experiment showed good agreement between assimilation results and observations with respect to reflectivity and specific differential phase but not with respect to differential reflectivity.
Modeling anthropogenic and natural fire ignitions in an inner-alpine valley
Authors: Vacchiano Giorgio , Foderi Cristiano , Berretti Roberta , Marchi Enrico , Motta Renzo
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Modeling and assessing the factors that drive forest fire ignitions
is critical for fire prevention and sustainable
ecosystem management. In southern Europe, the anthropogenic component of wildland fire ignitions is especially
relevant. In the Alps, however, the role of fire as a component of disturbance regimes in forest and grassland ecosystems
is poorly known. The aim of this work is to model the probability of fire ignition for an Alpine region in Italy using
a regional wildfire archive (1995–2009) and MaxEnt modeling. We analyzed separately (i) winter forest fires, (ii) winter
fires on grasslands and fallow land, and (iii) summer fires. Predictors were related to morphology, climate, and land use;
distance from infrastructures, number of farms, and number of grazing animals were used as proxies for the anthropogenic
component. Collinearity among predictors was reduced by a principal component analysis. Regarding ignitions, 30 % occurred in
agricultural areas and 24 % in forests. Ignitions peaked in the late winter–early spring. Negligence from
agrosilvicultural activities was the main cause of ignition (64 %); lightning accounted for 9 % of causes across the
study time frame, but increased from 6 to 10 % between the first and second period of analysis. Models for all groups of
fire had a high goodness of fit (AUC 0.90–0.95). Temperature was proportional to the probability of ignition, and
precipitation was inversely proportional. Proximity from infrastructures had an effect only on winter fires, while the density
of grazing animals had a remarkably different effect on summer (positive correlation) and winter (negative)
fires. Implications are discussed regarding climate change, fire regime changes, and silvicultural prevention. Such
a spatially explicit approach allows us to carry out spatially targeted fire management strategies and may assist in
developing better fire management plans.
Wintertime dynamics in the coastal northeastern Adriatic Sea: the NAdEx 2015 experiment
Authors: Vilibić Ivica , Mihanović Hrvoje , Janeković Ivica , Denamiel Cléa , Poulain Pierre-Marie , Orlić Mirko , Dunić Natalija , Dadić Vlado , Pasarić Mira , Muslim Stipe , Gerin Riccardo , Matić Frano , Šepić Jadranka , Mauri Elena , Kokkini Zoi , Tudor Martina , Kovač Žarko , Džoić Tomislav
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The
paper investigates the wintertime dynamics of the coastal northeastern
Adriatic Sea and is based on numerical modelling and in situ data collected
through field campaigns executed during the winter and spring of 2015. The
data were collected with a variety of instruments and platforms
(acoustic Doppler current
profilers, conductivity–temperature–depth probes, glider, profiling float)
and are accompanied by the atmosphere–ocean ALADIN/ROMS modelling system.
The research focused on the dense-water formation (DWF), thermal changes,
circulation, and water exchange between the coastal and open Adriatic.
According to both observations and modelling results, dense waters are formed
in the northeastern coastal Adriatic during cold bora outbreaks. However, the
dense water formed in this coastal region has lower densities than the dense
water formed in the open Adriatic due to lower salinities. Since the coastal
area is deeper than the open Adriatic, the observations indicate (i) balanced
inward–outward exchange at the deep connecting channels of denser waters
coming from the open Adriatic DWF site and less-dense waters coming from the
coastal region and (ii) outward flow of less-dense waters dominating in the
intermediate and surface layers. The latter phenomenon was confirmed by the
model, even if it significantly underestimates the currents and transports in
the connecting channels. The median residence time of the coastal area is
estimated to be approximately 20 days, indicating that the coastal area may
be renewed relatively quickly by the open Adriatic waters. The data that were
obtained represent a comprehensive marine dataset that can be used to
calibrate atmospheric and oceanic numerical models and point to several
interesting phenomena to be investigated in the future.
Conviviendo con la Neurofibromatosis tipo 1: Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Castrillón Nancy , Blanco Ignacio
Published: March 2018

Objetivo: En este estudio se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre el impacto psicológico y emocional que conlleva la Neurofibromatosis tipo 1 (NF1) en los pacientes adultos. Método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en PubMed (Medline) entre enero del 2007 y abril del 2017 de artículos publicados en el idioma inglés. Se encontraron un total de 75 artículos de los cuales se seleccionaron 23 con base en los criterios de inclusión y exclusión definidos para esta revisión. Resultados: Prácticamente todos los estudios vienen a concluir que los cambios y/o desfiguración en la imagen corporal o apariencia física, la visibilidad, el dolor y la gravedad de la enfermedad son el eje central sobre el cual gira el deterioro en la calidad de vida de las personas con NF1, debido a las dificultades que tienen los enfermos para adaptarse a los cambios físicos y para hacer frente a los problemas de ansiedad y el estrés psicológico que genera la carga de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Conocer el impacto psicológico y emocional que tiene la NF1 permitirá desarrollar e implementar intervenciones psicoterapéuticas y psicosociales específicas para este grupo de población con el objetivo de facilitarles que puedan afrontar las consecuencias y los retos que trae asociada la enfermedad.
Comunicación intra-familiar y cáncer de mama
Authors: Fernández Hawrylak María , Hernández Maíllo Lucía , Martínez García Inmaculada
Published: March 2018

Introducción: El cáncer de mama es el tumor maligno que más afecta a la mujer. Un diagnóstico que incluye la palabra cáncer de por sí contiene una connotación negativa. Esta enfermedad impacta en la dinámica familiar, siendo la comunicación una de las dimensiones que con frecuencia se estudian en la intervención con familias. Objetivo: El objetivo de la investigación que se presenta es analizar la comunicación que se genera a partir del diagnóstico de cáncer de mama entre una madre y sus hijos, marido o pareja. Método: Se emplea un diseño de investigación con métodos mixtos. La muestra está compuesta por doce mujeres con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama, con edades comprendidas entre los 43 y 55 años. Los instrumentos utilizados son la escala de comunicación familiar (FCS), y una entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la comunicación intrafamiliar varía según la edad de los hijos, siendo ésta más baja cuando son menores de 15 años. Conclusiones: Una comunicación efectiva en la familia no es la cura de ninguna enfermedad, pero sí mejora la manera en que la familia en su conjunto se enfrenta a ésta y contribuye a la eliminación de situaciones de estrés y malestar en la mujer.
Recognizing copies: On the definition of Non-Distinctiveness
Authors: Muñoz Pérez Carlos
Published: March 2018

The standard approach to Non-Distinctiveness, i.e., the “sameness” relation between constituents forming a chain under Copy Theory, involves an indexing mechanism that marks as non-distinct the syntactic objects created by the Copy operation. I argue that Non-Distinctiveness is better explained as an inclusion relation between the features of constituents in a phrase marker. A representational mechanism of chain formation based on this definition is shown to offer analytical and conceptual advantages with respect to wh-copying, non-identical wh-doubling and anti-reconstruction phenomena.
Geologia das ilhas de Tamboretes, litoral norte do Estado de Santa Catarina, limite meridional do Terreno Paranaguá
Authors: Baldin Michelangelo Tissi , Barros Carlos Eduardo de Mesquita
Published: March 2018

As ilhas de Tamboretes se situam no litoral norte de Santa Catarina, vizinhas à Ilha de São Francisco do Sul, e se constituem de quatro ilhas alongadas na direção N10E-S10W, onde afloram anfibólio-biotita sienogranitos porfiríticos de cor cinza rosado claro. A deformação dúctil heterogênea destas rochas resultou em granitos fracamente foliados, protomilonitos, milonitos e ultramilonitos. Os domínios de milonitos e de ultramilonitos têm larguras decamétrica e métrica, respectivamente. A atitude principal da foliação milonítica é N15E/80SE e sobre este plano há lineações de estiramento de atitude N05E/06, denotando a característica transcorrente da zona de cisalhamento. Os indicadores cinemáticos, representados pela foliação S/C, por porfiroclastos assimétricos de microclina e por orientações oblíquas de novos grãos em ribbons de quartzo indicam sentido sinistral. A presença de novos grãos de feldspatos permite sugerir temperaturas superiores a 450 °C durante o cisalhamento. Raramente ocorrem diques e veios aplíticos hololeucocráticos de espessura centimétrica a métrica, paralelos ou discordantes à foliação dos granitos. Os aplitos são cinza esbranquiçados, maciços ou foliados e compostos por quartzo, plagioclásio e microclina. Os granitos são cortados por dois diques de diabásio de largura decimétrica e com atitudes N15E/90 e N55W/70NE. Estes diques são, ao que tudo indica, mesozoicos e teriam sido colocados em estruturas controladas pelo arco de Ponta Grossa e pela zona de cisalhamento transcorrente. Fraturas de atitude N85W/85NE, penetrativas na escala métrica, contribuem para a formação de feições erosivas no granito que resultam em arranjos tabulares verticais proeminentes. Estes granitos possuem assinatura álcali-cálcica, fracamente peraluminosa a metaluminosa. O moderado fracionamento de elementos terras raras sugere que este magma originou-se a grandes profundidades com retenção de granada no resíduo. Os altos teores de Sr sugerem ausência de plagioclásio na fonte. As características geoquímicas destas rochas se comparam àquelas de granitos de arco magmático maduro. A geração de granitos pode ser correlacionável à colisão neoproterozoica-eo-paleozóica do Terreno Paranaguá com a Microplaca Luís Alves.
MODELAGEM GEOESTATÍSTICA APLICADA A GEOLOGIA DE ENGENHARIA
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Rodrigues , Antônio Gabriela Branquinho
Published: March 2018

A atuação da geologia na área da engenharia civil vem crescendo muito nos últimos anos devido ao aquecimento do setor, entretanto os estudos geológicos-geotécnicos demandam muito tempo e são dispendiosos, todavia é possível utilizar a geoestatística para gerar informações que otimizem a elaboração desses estudos. Este artigo tem como objetivo utilizar a geoestatística para produção de informações com a finalidade de auxiliar no planejamento e/ou complementar os estudos geológicos aplicados a engenharia. Primeiramente, realizou-se uma análise exploratória dos dados, a espessura do solo superficial na área de estudo, que servirão como base para o estudo. Em seguida foi realizada a modelagem geoestatística objetivando compreender o condicionamento espacial e a variabilidade dos dados e construção do grid de estimativa. Por fim, foram estimadas espessuras de solo superficial no grid pelo método de krigagem ordinária. Essa metodologia, permitiu, a partir dos dados coletados, elaborar mapas temáticos visando auxiliar a estudos geológico-geotécnicos que venham a ser realizados na área de estudo e apresentar uma forma de aplicação da geoestatística na geologia de engenharia.
Integração dos métodos geofísicos de eletrorresistividade, polarização induzida e eletromagnético Aterro Sanitário de Guaratuba-PR
Authors: Espindola Canata Rafael , Ferreira Francisco José Fonseca , Stevanato Rodoilton , Souza Filho Oderson Antonio de
Published: March 2018

Este trabalho demonstra a aplicação dos métodos geofísicos de eletrorresistividade (ER), polarização induzida (IP) e eletromagnético (EM) no aterro sanitário de Guaratuba, litoral do Estado do Paraná. Os objetivos principais da pesquisa foram delimitar a pluma de contaminação em subsuperfície e indicar áreas susceptíveis à contaminação. A área do aterro sanitário é representada por granitos do Proterozóico Inferior e sedimentos recentes do Quaternário. Os dados de ER e IP foram obtidos nas áreas internas e adjacentes aos depósitos atual e futuro, através de caminhamento elétrico 2D, arranjo dipolo-dipolo (AB=MN=20m), além de uma sondagem elétrica vertical (SEV) (AB/2=150m), no centro do depósito atual. O levantamento eletromagnético (EM) foi executado nos mesmos locais das linhas de ER e IP, no modo dipolo vertical, bobinas espaçadas de 20 m e 40 m e intervalo de amostragem de 10 m. Os resultados obtidos principalmente pelos métodos ER e EM permitiram caracterizar os granitos (> 1000 Ohm.m; < 14 mS/m), os sedimentos recentes (entre 800-600 Ohm.m; < 14 mS/m) e áreas possivelmente contaminadas (< 50 Ohm.m; > 20 mS/m). Tais resultados possibilitaram ainda sugerir tratos suspeitos de contaminação (50-70 Ohm.m; 15-20 mS/m) e não contaminados (> 70 Ohm.m; < 15 mS/m), além de estimar em 30 m a espessura do aterro, em correspondência a interpretação da SEV. Os resultados de IP não foram satisfatórios, possivelmente devido à sua sensibilidade a resíduos metálicos no depósito.
Investigation of Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs, Locus of Control and Intercultural Sensitivities from the Perspective of Individual Differences
Authors: Akca Figen , Ulutas Emrah , Yabanci Cemile
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between Teachers' Self-efficacy beliefs, locus of control and intercultural sensitivities and to analyze these variables based on various demographic variables. The data of the study were collected through teachers’ locus of control scale developed by Sadowski, Taylor, Woodward, Peacher, & Martin (1982) adopted into Turkish by Buluş (2011), teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs scale developed by Dellinger, Bobbett, Olivier, & Ellet (2008) adopted into Turkish by Taşkın & Hacıömeroglu (2010) and Intercultural Sensitivity scale developed by Chen & Starosta (2000) adopted into Turkish by Bulduk, Tosun, & Ardıç (2011). The research is a descriptive study in relational screening model. 237 volunteer teachers who worked in different schools all of which are in the city of Bursa participated in the research. According to the results of the research, the self-efficacy beliefs of the teachers participating in the research differ significantly from the variables studied in the scope of the research according to the branch and seniority variables. The intercultural sensitivity of the teachers differed significantly only according to the seniority variable. It has been determined that the level of locus of control of teachers is not significantly different from the variables studied in the scope of the research. It was determined that there was a statistically significant relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs; intercultural sensitivity and locus of control levels. It was also found that self-efficacy beliefs and intercultural sensitivity variables together account for 30% of change in locus of control.
Validation and Measurement Uncertainty Assessment of a Microbiological Method Using Generalized Pivotal Quantity Procedure and Monte-Carlo Simulation
Authors: Sossé Saad Alaoui , Saffaj Taoufiq , Ihssane Bouchaib
Published: March 2018

Recently, a novel and effective statistical tool called the uncertainty profile has been developed with the purpose of graphically assessing the validity and estimating the measurement uncertainty of analytical procedures. One way to construct the uncertainty profile is to compute the β-content, γ-confidence tolerance interval. In this study, we propose a tolerance interval based on the combination of the generalized pivotal quantity procedure and Monte-Carlo simulation. The uncertainty profile has been applied successfully in several fields. However, in order to further confirm its universality, this newer approach has been applied to assess the performance of an alternative procedure versus a reference procedure for counting of Escherichia coli bacteria in drinking water. Hence, the aims of this research were to expose how the uncertainty profile can be powerfully applied pursuant to ISO 16140 standards in the frame of interlaboratory study and how to easily make a decision concerning the validity of the procedure. The analysis of the results shows that after the introduction of a correction factor, the alternative procedure is deemed valid over the studied range because the uncertainty limits lie within the acceptability limits set at ±−0.3 log unit/100 ml for a β = 66.7% and γ = 90%.