bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scientific approach to the history of Voronezh forest destruction
Authors: Tsaralunga V V , Tsaralunga A V , Semyonova E V
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the history of the use and destruction of forests in the Voronezh region. The main task of the study is to establish when the active anthropogenic impact on Voronezh forests began, and from what moment can we talk about their extermination for human needs. The article used the historical, comparative, analytical methods. To achieve the results, we used the data obtained by Voronezh historians and archaeologists, and materials of research in the field of forestry. The combination of these two areas of knowledge is a new method of research. It enables to establish that the first human settlements on the territory of the Voronezh region in the Upper Paleolithic (40-35 thousand years ago) did not leave traces of wooden products or constructions. The authors concluded that the Mesolithic man already actively used wood not only for heating and cooking, but also for building dwellings and for making tools. They hardly exerted a noticeable influence on the formation and evolution of tree stands by the virtue of their small number. The impact of people of the Neolithic and Early Aeneolithic could already be felt, but only in the immediate vicinity of the settlement itself. Arrival of Bronze Age cultures has greatly increased deforestation in the Middle Don region in the 3-2 millennium BC. Especially this process has accelerated with the advent of iron tools. Consequently, in our opinion, the middle of the 2nd millennium BC should be considered the starting point of the history of the Voronezh forest extermination, when slash-and-burn agriculture came to the forest-steppe.
Economic evaluation of mathematical methods application in the management systems of electronic component base development for forest machines
Authors: Novikova T P , Novikov A I
Published: November 2019

Machines and equipment used in contemporary forestry are based on electronic components. Development, design and production of high-tech products such as chip, IP-cores and other is a complex and expensive process. The cost of an error at one stage of the product life cycle can reach from several tens of thousands of dollars to hundreds of thousands or more if a faulty chip gets into the finished product.– an airplane, a rocket, a spacecraft, a nuclear power plant, etc.). Therefore, the process of management of high-tech industries needs informed management decisions. Management should be based on modern technical means, specialized software, management information systems and integration of the latter. When developing complex systems, it is not enough to make decisions based on an intuitive understanding of the problem by the decision maker. The use of mathematical methods in management systems will provide impartiality, adequacy, and optimality of solutions, taking into account all qualitative and quantitative factors. The study provides an example of the use of mathematical apparatus in the management of high-tech industries, the economics assessment of errors in management. The study will be interesting for decision-makers, top managers of high-tech industries, scientists, students, masters, graduate students in the field of management and management decision-making.
Mathematical model of hydromanipulator of forest vehicle with recuperative hydraulic drive
Authors: Nikonov V O , Posmetev V I , Posmetev V V
Published: November 2019

The relevance of using a recuperative hydraulic drive to control the hydraulic manipulator of a timber truck used in conducting selective sanitary cutting of forest care has been substantiated. A mathematical model of the mechanical subsystem of a hydraulic manipulator with a regenerative hydraulic actuator is presented, which describes the movement of a hydraulic manipulator with an assortment in space. Successive states of boom, handle and column of hydraulic manipulator during loading of grades into body of forest truck at different moments of computer experiment time are considered. The research results obtained on the basis of the developed computer program are described.
Generative and vegetative reproduction of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco in the Central Chernozem Region
Authors: Dorofeeva V , Degtyareva S , Komarova O , Shipilova V
Published: November 2019

The demand for wood products grows every year. There is an urgent need of fast-growing and economically valuable tree species. One of such species undoubtedly is Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, the fastest growing coniferous species with valuable wood. It was introduced in Russia a century ago but there is still virtually no research proving its efficiency and suitability for the Central Chernozem Region of Russia. Moreover, mass reproduction of Pseudotsuga menziesii in Russia has been held back by lack of parent trees and effective scientifically-based cultivation techniques. In this study we analyze the effectiveness of both generative and vegetative reproduction of the species in the studied region. Our findings show that the germination capacity of Pseudotsuga menziesii seeds ranges from 63 to 95% depending on the age of parent trees and growing conditions. Cold stratification is proved to be the optimal method of pre-sowing seed treatment for the species. Grafting can be used to introduce rare and decorative subvarieties of the genus. And on the whole, Pseudotsuga menziesii can be considered promising for forestry practice and green building of the region.
Growth of needles and shoots for thirteen species of the Pinaceae family: a case study in the Central Black-Soil region
Authors: Popova V , Dorofeeva V , Popova A
Published: November 2019

The growth features of needles and shoots for 13 species of coniferous woody plants from the pine family have been revealed in Voronezh region (Russia). Eleven species are representatives of the main genera of the Pinoid clade. The factors affecting vegetation have been identified according to the results of phenological observation and length measurements. Pinus sylvestris showed the largest annual shoots growth, Picea abies and Picea pungens – smallest. The longest needles have trees of genus Pinus (for example: P. flexilis – 7.7 cm, P. pallasiana – 7.0 cm). The most important factor for the beginning of the vegetation is the air temperature in April, threshold temperature (triggering the growth processes) is +2…+ 4°C. The species having late beginning and late ending of growth (Pinus sylvestris, Pinus flexilis, P. strobus) are less hardy than the earlier growth species. All the studied species are in good sanitary condition. They enter the phases of pollen dispersion and seed-bearing, are fully adapted to the Central Black Soil region. All of them can be introduced into the range of plants for landscaping and reforestation of the region and the regions having close climatic conditions.
Rate of sowing Norway spruce seeds: the effect of rotation frequency of the sowing machine
Authors: Kazakov I V
Published: November 2019

The article presents the research results of the sowing process (Norway spruce seeds) using a sowing machine under various modes of its operation. It has been established that the rotation frequency of sowing tools has a significant impact on the sowing rate of Norway spruce seeds and the uniformity of their distribution in the sowing line. The rate of spruce seed sowing and the uniformity of their distribution in the sowing line are determined. It is understood that rotation frequencies of sowing tools are 4.3, 7.0, 10.5 and 14.5 rpm and the forward speed of the unit is 900 m/h. To meet the requirements of growing spruce seedlings according to the generally accepted technology (with a seed sowing rate of about 50 kg/ha (1.5 g/m) the rotational speed of sewing machines should be 10.5 rpm. The rotational speed of sewing machines is recommended to be equal to 7.0 rpm when growing large spruce seedlings in the nursery with a seed sowing rate of about 24 kg/ha (0.7 g/m) Rational modes of operation sewing machines have been substantiated. These modes provide existing and advanced technologies for growing spruce seedlings in forest nurseries.
Macromycete of recreational plantations of the city of Voronezh (Russia): species diversity, distribution and environmental significance
Authors: Kochergina M V , Furmenkova E S
Published: November 2019

Macromycete are an integral component of the forest biogeocoenosis. They play an important role in ecosystem functioning. Being the most important heterotrophic element, macromycete take an active part in mineralization and humification processes. 56 species of macromycete, belonging to 17 families, are identified in the recreational plantations of Voronezh city. Most of these families belong to the order Agaricales. Mycorhiza-formers, litter and humus saprotrophic, xylotrophic and coprotrophic species are noted among the trophic groups of fungi. The greatest species diversity characterizes mycorhiza-forming agents and xylotrophic forms. Single coprotrophic and humus saprotrophic forms can be seen. Litter saprotrophic species occupy an intermediate position. In recreational plantations, about 38% of mushroom species are edible, 25% are conditionally edible species, and 37% are inedible and poisonous species. Moreover, most macromycete grow solitary or in small groups. The most significant functions of macromycete in the conditions of recreational plantings are their ability to form mycorhiza, which is important for the growth and development of the main forest-forming species (oak and pine); participation of saprotrophic mycobiota in the circulation of substances, as well as the nutritional value of certain types of macromycete.
Estimation forecast of the Russian Federation forests carbon balance based on the long-term scenarios of forest complex development
Authors: Torzhkov I O , Konstantinov A V , Kushnir E A
Published: November 2019

The study assessed the carbon balance of the forests in Russia according to long-term plans for the economic development of the forest sector until 2050, taking into account the expected climate changes. The calculated data of the regional climate model for the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) RCP-8.5 plan to assess the impact of changes in physical abiotic factors on the forest ecosystems were used in the work. Two key parameters were taken into account in calculations that could be affected by expected climate change that are forest fires and plant productivity. The forecast is carried out according to three scenarios for the development of the forest complex of Russia: inertial, basic and strategic. The overall carbon balance of Russia is expected to be at the level of 187.5-251.2 MtC per year, depending on the scenarios of forest management and growth of forests productivity, these data accord the current values. Maintaining a positive carbon balance in forests will require the development of measures to improve fire control in forestry, timber technologies and reforestation.
Modeling of the flexible belt motion on the drive pulley of woodworking equipment
Authors: Reutov A
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the work. Establishing the patterns of a flexible belt movement on a drive pulley, to determine the parameters of power and kinematic interaction of the belt with the drive pulley, taking into account mechanical characteristics of the drive, belt and their contact interaction. Method of the work. Computer simulation of belt movement on the drive pulley as a multi-body system using the Universal Mechanism software package. Results. A computer-based multi-body model of the belt movement on the drive pulley has been developed. The model allows determining the parameters of the force and kinematic interaction of the belt with drive pulleys taking into account the viscoelastic properties of the belt, the nonlinear dependence of the friction force on the sliding speed and the elasticity of the contacting surfaces. The model includes a closed belt covering the drive and brake pulleys. The belt represented by 36 discrete bodies connected by elastic-dissipative elements. The computer model was verified using theoretical dependences. A technique for analyzing the belt movement on the drive pulley is demonstrated. The computer model and methodology are intended to analyze the operation of friction belt drives, belt conveyors, belt grinding machines in the design of woodworking equipment.
Platform-maker for preparing stumps for lowering below the surface of the soil with a variable boom of the hydraulic manipulator
Authors: Bartenev I M , Pozdnyakov E V , Druchinin D Yu
Published: November 2019

The technology of continuous lowering of stumps below the soil surface throughout the area of cutting is proposed to reduce the loads on the working bodies and frames of tillage tools and ensures complete mechanization of the reforestation process. A technological process has been developed to prepare stumps for lowering below the ground surface, which consists in creating platform-deepenings around stumps and cleaning their lateral surface from the soil within the depth of the platform. An aggregate for its implementation consisting of a tractor, a hydraulic manipulator, a screw rotator and a platform-maker with flexible working bodies has been designed. A mathematical model of the aggregate operation has been created. It enables to evaluate the efficiency of the manipulator placement of platform-maker and to determine the influence of the parameters of the hydraulic manipulator on the performance of the aggregate. The influences of the stump distribution density, the boom of the manipulator and the maximum angle of its rotation on the performance of the platform-maker have been determined. It was revealed that the productivity of the aggregate increases with an increase in the density of stump distribution on the cutting and the main geometrical parameters of the hydraulic manipulator.
Ecological functions of soils and criteria for their assessment
Authors: Kramareva T N , Tikhonova E N , Belik A V
Published: November 2019

In modern soil ecology, there is a need to develop a unified approach to assessing the ecological functions of the soil cover. Analysis of publications on this topic shows that this question is open. There are many criteria for evaluation individual soil properties. However, there is no general approach to assessing the eco-functions of the soil. The purpose of the work is the development of universal criteria for evaluation the ecological functions of soils. In this paper, it is proposed to use 2 criteria for assessing the ecological functions of the soil cover. These criteria are based on the fixation of changes in properties and their favorableness to the ecosystem. The proposed criteria were used to evaluate 5 biogeocenotic soil functions. This assessment approach is acceptable for agricultural soils.
Railroad ties produced from modified wood for cold climate regions
Authors: Medvedev I N , Parinov D A , Shakirova O I
Published: November 2019

Cold climate regions need railroad ties with improved operational characteristics during the construction and repair of railroad tracks. The aim of the study is to create a technology and equipment allowing the manufacture of such sleepers. Low-value soft hardwoods, oily antiseptic, and drying press chamber are needed for the production of sleepers with improved performance characteristics. Technological modes for producing sleepers with high performance characteristics of softwood have been tested using the installation which enables to combine technological operations - drying, treatment, and wood pressing. The resulting sleepers can be used in the Extreme North conditions. The half ties have been laid at Chistye Prudy metro station in Moscow, and the ties have been laid at Scherbenka station on the experimental ring of Russian Railways (JSCo «RZD»). The tests have been carried out for four years in underground railway system and for two years on the ring of Russian Railways. The test results have found that wear of modified sleepers and half ties is about 3 times less than wear of pine sleepers and the average service life of sleepers made of modified wood will be about 50 years. An experimental batch is currently being manufactured.
Agri-environmental role of protective forest plantations
Authors: Mikhina E , Taniykevich V , Mikhin V
Published: November 2019

Forest improvement systems in agricultural territories of the central forest-steppe of Russia are designed to ensure a stable ecological state of landscapes, reduce the risks of adverse natural phenomena and anthropogenic load. The area of preserved protective plantings is about 600 thousand hectares in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region. The effectiveness of such biological objects depends, first of all, on the structure of the transverse plantation profile. Linear plantations change the ecological conditions of plantation, the productivity of artificial phytocenoses during the growing season. Under the influence of forest belts, an increase in the moisture content of the surface air layer (by 1.8–6.9%), biological activity of the soil (by 3.6–5.3%), a decrease in the temperature regime of the surface layer of the soil (by 1.0–1.9 °C) and air (0.4-1.5 °C) takes place. Such changes contribute to an increase in the yield of winter wheat by 3.3-5.5 c/ha. The best in influencing the ecological indicators of the landscape are protective stands of the blown, open-blown and open structures, where the range of influence extends to 15-30 planting heights. The formation of protective plantings of optimal structures provide the most complete protection of agrolandscapes from negative natural phenomena, increase the ecological capacity and contributes to obtaining stable and maximum yields of agricultural crops.
Chemotypic structure of Pinus sylvestris population in Usmansky and Khrenovskoy pine forests
Authors: Tseplyaev A N
Published: November 2019

The main target of the paper is to study structure of main pine forest types in Usmansky and Khrenovskoy pine forests, their chemical composition of essential oil (EO) monoterpene fraction. This paper is on problems of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) breeding and seed-growing in the forest-steppe European part. It is done for forest culture improvement, based on genetics and breeding. The characteristic of main components of pine-needles essential oil in free and controlled cross-breeding was investigated. The established peculiarities of monoterpene biosynthesis in pine-needless essential oil are genetically motivated. The long-term opportunity for essential oil composition usage as characteristics of Pinus sylvestris breeding on resistibility to diseases and pests was defined. The structures of main forest types in Usmansky and Khrenovskoy pine forests according to basic monometric and biochemical indices were studied. The data on composition, changeability and inheritance regularity of monoterpenes may be used for recommendations on creating of Pinus sylvestris seed base on genetic and breeding bases.
Environmental frameworks of sustainable development in the Russian Federation (on the example of the Voronezh region)
Authors: Kharchenko N , Moiseeva E , Prochorova N
Published: November 2019

Wildlife preservation and protection is a necessary condition for the implementation of sustainable development. It is a determining factor in the possibility of continued human existence as a species at the present stage of biosphere development. The reduction of natural ecosystems’ territories, and, as a result of this, the reduction of their biodiversity, negatively affects the quality of life of different regions and of humanity as a whole. One of the ways to optimize the environment, preserve natural ecosystems and improve the quality of human environment is creation of ecological frameworks of the regions. Shipov Forest, Tellerman Forest, Khopersky Reserve, Voronezh State Nature Reserve named after V.M. Peskov, a forest-green zone of the city of Voronezh (currently under construction) will be the main centers of the ecological framework of the Voronezh region. At the same time, there are 244 specially protected natural territories of regional and local subordination in the Voronezh region. They belong to different areas of protected territories, categories and profiles. When creating an ecological framework, these territories are included into ecological framework, thereby expanding its territory and strengthen its environment-forming functions.
Elaboration of a composition based on spent engine oil and wood flour for birch wood impregnation and railway sleepers production
Authors: Belchinskaya L I , Zhuzhukin K V , Dmitrenkov A I , Novikova L A , Khodosova N A
Published: November 2019

The “hot-cold baths” impregnation of birch wood samples by a number of oils (original engine oil, waste motor, spent transmission, spent corn and sunflower oils) were studied in order to choose a base for impregnating composition. Specimens of wood flour from coniferous and hardwood species, oak, birch and pine bark were used as fillers of impregnating compositions. Physical-chemical characteristics (absorbed amount of impregnated compound, water absorption, swelling in tangential and radial directions, wetting angle) of wood samples treated with impregnation compositions were determined and compared to the most common oil antiseptic ZHTK-2. A strong decrease of water absorption and swelling of wood samples was observed for birch wood samples impregnated composition on the base of spent engine oil. Use of softwood flour as a filler of impregnating composition caused stronger enhancing of wood hydrophobicity, mainly, due to abietic acid dissolution in spent engine oil. 1 w.% of softwood filler of the impregnating composition was found the optimum providing the wood shape and water stability. The developed composition is recommended for impregnation of birch wood to be used in railway sleepers production.
Analysis of wood energy Russian market
Authors: Vasilyev O I , Barikaeva N S , Akhmadeev B A , Moiseev N A
Published: November 2019

The paper presents an analysis of the wood-based energy market in Russian Federation. There are highlighted a number of problems with the types of Wood Energy Sources identification in Russian classification for production and consuption. According to statistics, domestic consumption of WES in Russia does not develop as rapidly as its exports. The paper considers studies of the WES market development examples in some European countries. It is formulated a set of problems including in the area of domestic consumption of Wood Energy Sources Russian market development. T Analyses based on dynamics of the production volumes, trading and prices of the Russian wood pellets and briquettes as the main spicies of Wood Energy Sources The export prices and trading on wood pellets were analyzed according incoterms. The export volume of wood pellets by destination countries in 2016-2018 is compared. The supply volume of wood pellets by various types of transport is analyzed. The main problems and premises for the Wood Energy Sources market development in the Russian Federation, based on the study results, are formulated, and facility development actions are proposed.
Floorings of Wooden Frame Buildings with Application of CLT-Panels
Authors: Tretyakov Nikolay
Published: November 2019

The aim of the study is to analyze the floor structures of a wooden frame building, made with the use of glued CLT - panels and the use of perspective wood material of their unidirectional veneer – LVL-bar, which has enhanced strength characteristics compared to ordinary wood. Four options for securing floor slabs were considered. Analysis of the stress-strain state (VAT) of the CLT-panel design with lamellae of LVL-beam is performed using the MSC Nastran finite element analysis application package. The CLT panel is approximated by four-node LAMINATE type layered elements that take into account all internal force factors: membrane, shear, transverse and flexural. At each node, the element has six degrees of freedom: three translational along each of the axes ox, oy, oz and three rotational with respect to the axes ox, oy, oz. Analysis of the results of the calculations made it possible to evaluate the most effective design solutions for floor slabs of frame buildings using CLT panels.
Quality Management of Building Materials and Building Productions Based on the Using of Real Estimates of Measurement Accuracy
Authors: Khayrullin Rustam
Published: November 2019

The most important direction of quality improvement in construction is to increase the accuracy of measurements of parameters of building products and construction products, as well as the parameters of the technological process of construction and of production of building materials. Currently used standard estimates of measurement accuracy provide guaranteed but underestimated accuracy estimates. Although in fact, with the correct measurement methods and the use of a posteriori information, it is possible to build more realistic estimates of accuracy. The accuracy of such estimates is several times higher than the accuracy of standard estimates. The article investigated the problem of increasing the accuracy of measurements through the use of a posteriori information. An example of the application of the Bayesian approach in the conditions of the possibility of obtaining additional information and its use in order to build effective estimates of measurement accuracy is presented. It is assumed that the measurement result is the sum of the actual value of the parameter being measured and the measurement error. For the case of a uniform distribution of the real value of the measured parameter and measurement error, explicit analytical formulas were obtained for the differential distribution function of the measurement result and the conditional distribution of the real value for a known measurement result. These analytical dependencies, obtained as a result of integrating fractional rational expressions, are composite functions, which in different parts of the argument are specified using different analytical formulas. The analysis of the obtained analytical dependencies. Using numerical integration, we plotted the dependence of the square of the standard deviation of the real value of the measured parameter on the observed value of the random variable. It is shown that in the case when the standard deviation of the measuring device is less than three times or more than the standard deviation of the actual value of the parameter, the use of a posteriori information allows us to construct more realistic estimates of accuracy. The accuracy of the measurements can be obtained several times higher. It is noted that in the case of normal and exponential distribution of the real value and measurement error, the use of a posteriori information does not lead to an increase in measurement accuracy. The results obtained can be applied in the development of measurement methods, in the development of methods for verification and calibration of measurement instruments.
Logistics Systems in Operational Reliability of Pipelines and their Risks
Authors: Borkovskaya Victoria , Korytova Yulia
Published: November 2019

The main issue of the study is the problem of reliable operation of pipelines and ensuring their stable operation by optimizing the operation of logistics systems. In the process of operation, the leading function of logistics to address organizational and technical issues is carried out by material and information flows. At the moment, due to the use of outdated methods of diagnosis and repair of pipelines, risks increase during the operation of logistics systems. There is a decrease in the efficiency of supply and material support due to the lack of optimization of logistics flows. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of logistics systems in the management of operational reliability of pipelines and to consider possible methods of their optimization and elimination of risks. The use of modern methods in the diagnosis and repair can significantly reduce economic costs, logistics risks, the environmental damage caused by the operation of pipelines. To minimize damage to the logistics system, it is necessary to use the latest technology in the operation of pipelines and modern methods to reduce the cost of logistical operations, which will have a direct impact on the quality of logistics systems.
Intercomparison of Building Dismantling Methods
Authors: Korol Elena , Gaydysheva Yuliya
Published: November 2019

The choice of the most suitable method can be based on various criteria, such as the dismantling period, production per 1 m3, noise exposure. Often it is quite difficult to determine the appropriate method of dismantling, taking into account the specification of the structure, its location, area wide, the complexity of the analysis of the building and other conditions. To make a decision on the choice of the most suitable method of dismantling, it is proposed to use the analytical hierarchical procedure of Saaty, based on a pairwise comparison of methods, and then determining the criteria for dismantling. This method of decision-making allows you to make decisions based on the specific conditions of dismantling and determine the proportion of each criterion for the most appropriate solution to the problem.
On Aspects of Using Gabion Structures for Urban Space Design
Authors: Katkov Ilya , Shabanova Anna , Karpova Veronika
Published: November 2019

This article deals with analysis of positive and negative aspects of using gabion structures in urban space. The impact of gabion structures on safety of the recreational feature, i.e. the pond Krugly near the shopping center “Pyramida” in the city of Samara has been assessed by applying two indicators – water quality and safety of recreants. Recommendations on the choice of technical solutions for the improvement of recreational areas near residential buildings have been given.
Influence of Frost Protective Layers on the Realisation of the Track Bed Structure
Authors: Sestakova Janka , Dobes Peter
Published: November 2019

The railway track is a structure built of structural elements and materials with different material and geometrical properties. The design, construction, management and operation of the structure are governed by the standardized requirements of the railway infrastructure manager. The priority aspect of long-term serviceability is the resistance of the rail grid and the track bed to the stress. In terms of the railway body, the load is represented by the traffic and non-traffic load. The paper analyses various reference types of the track bed, (designed and assessed according to currently valid standards) and design types (designed, assessed and tested within the research of the Department of Railway Engineering and Track Management of the University of Žilina). Based on the parameters of the material and constructive structure, a matrix of activities of time plans for building reference and design models is created. This matrix also enabled to develop visualizations of standard links among construction activities.
Improved Visibility – Solar Powered Road Markers on Polish Roads
Authors: Grabinski Sebastian
Published: November 2019

The article discusses safety of road users as well as traffic accidents and collisions between 2014 and 2017 in Poland and other European countries. The author proposes an alternative method of improving safety through increasing the visibility of road users. Alternative methods allow to use the latest technological solutions related to storing and using renewable energy in various weather conditions.
Constructed floating wetland with mooring system technology to improve water quality in Gedebage Reservoir, Bandung
Authors: Hidayat Y M , Herwindo W , Bachri S
Published: November 2019

Gedebage Reservoir is built as retention ponds, in the future it will be developed into an integrated religious tourism area, so that the quality of water reservoir must suitable for tourism. Constructed floating wetland with mooring system, besides being used as water quality improvement technology, it will also add aesthetic value. The purpose of this study was to identify the possibility of applying the constructed floating wetland in the Gedebage Reservoir area. This study uses secondary data to determine the design parameters and characteristics of water sources, design parameters are used for location recommendations, while the characteristics of water sources are to determine the accuracy of the technology used. The result shows that the placement of a floating wetland technology with mooring system in Gedebage reservoir has meets the requirements of design parameters than in a biological filter channel. The characteristics of the Gedebage Reservoir water source that have not met requirements consist of several parameters, namely: Ammonia, Chlorine, Mn, DO, Sulfide, Detergent, Oil and Fat, Cd, Pb, DO, BOD, COD, Fecal Coliform and Total Coliform. Whereas, based on the ratio of BOD5 / COD in the dry season that ranged from 0.25 indicating that the water had been toxin, so that it would disrupt the development of biofilms, so in addition to wetland, a pre-treatment was needed before entering the reservoir.
The comparative study of flood modelling with the unsteady and the steady flow on Ngotok river
Authors: Idfi G , Wahyono I D , Yulistyorini A , Khomsiati N L
Published: November 2019

The Flood modeling in a river is usually modeled with the one-dimensional flow. The Flood is one form of unsteady flow that can be simulated with the HEC-RAS program. The unsteady flow modeling results often occur error due to unstable program analysis. The stability of the model is influenced by the river channel, the slope of the river bed and the cross-sectional of the river. In flood forecasting required by maximum discharge data and maximum flood elevation, then the steady flow model is often used as an alternative to the calculation of flood forecasting. This study aims to compare the advantages and disadvantages of flood modeling with a steady flow and unsteady flow. The location of study in Ngotok River, Mojokerto Regency, Indonesia. Hydrological modeling uses HEC-HMS and hydraulic modeling uses HEC-RAS. The resulting modeling shows that the water elevation profile of the steady flow model has a higher than the unsteady flow model. The time required for the simulation of the unsteady flow model is longer than the steady flow model. The average water level elevation produced by the unsteady flow model is +27.17 m while the steady flow model is +29.62 m.
Modal parameters identification of light rail bridges
Authors: Zulkifli E , Widarda D R
Published: November 2019

One of important aspect in Structural Health Monitoring System (SHMS) is the initial condition of the structure. This paper studies the initial condition of light rail train (LRT) bridges before officially operated. There are four bridges to be evaluated, consists of three simple supported bridges and one continuous bridge. Data measurement was using tri-axial accelerometer EZDYN with a train-set as the dynamic loading source. The modal parameters are obtained by means of operating modal analysis (OMA) in time domain. Three methods are simulated, that are ARMA, ITD and SSI. The data processing applied shows that all three methods give satisfactory results that confirm each other, for both natural frequencies and vibration modes.
Application of steady flow model to overcome inundation based on eco drainage system in the Port Area of Dobo City, Aru Islands Regency
Authors: Prasetyo B E , Idfi G , Mujiyono  , Suwarno E
Published: November 2019

This research was carried out in inundation that occurred in the Port area of Dobo City, Aru Islands Regency. Inundation that occurs is due to the unavailability of adequate and well-arranged drainage. This research aims to plan a drainage system in the Port area of Dobo City that can overcome the inundation that arises and the influence of tides. Data processing is carried out with two analyzes including hydrological analysis and hydraulic analysis. For hydraulics analysis, this includes cross section planning and drainage system modeling with HEC-RAS 4.0. In conventional drainage in the case of high tides, the results of the modeling show that the overflow of water on the channel that will occur is at an elevation of +2.48 m. After adding a long storage with dimensions of 1.2 m x 3.5 m along 101.6 m and sea walls as high as + 2.48 m. The results of the modeling show that the inundation height that will occur is at an elevation of +0.61 m. Of the several scenarios that are performed for the most optimal two-door openings, which are opened by 30 cm which later the water will be at + 12 cm elevation. Whereas the most optimal one-door openings are opened by 70 cm which later the water will be at + 6 cm elevation.
The effect of white soil on geopolymer mortar porosity
Authors: Priastiwi Y A , Muhrozi  , Adi R Y , Daryanto D , Salamsyah Z
Published: November 2019

This study analysed the effect of white soil as a filler on geopolymer mortar. The materials used were fly ash, white soil from Kupang as fillers, sand, water, and NaOH as alkaline activator. The comparison of geopolymer mortar mixture was 1 Pca: 3 Sand with water factor 0.5. The Pca was composed by white soil and fly ash with alkaline activator and water. The percentage of white soil used were 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%. The white soil chosen passed the number 200 sieve. Moreover, the dimension of mortar used was 5 x 5 x 5 cm. To remove the water content from the mortar, the oven was set at 60 °C for 24 hours until the mortar weight did not change. The result shows that porosity decreases with the increase of white soil percentage. Increase in the white soil percentage by 5, 10, 15 and 20% can reduce porosity by 0.9, 2.7, 2.5 and 2.9%. Nevertheless, the white soil, with a percentage of 25 and 30, increased porosity by 3.7 and 3.8%, respectively. This happened because in these percentages, the white soil hardens faster than the other percentages, impacting the compaction process on the mould.
Compression test analysis of cold-formed column in channel profile connection
Authors: Rachmahwati D F , Nindyawati N , Karyadi K
Published: November 2019

This study analyzes the load capacity of the cold-formed steel column frame structure for multilevel buildings to withstand axial loads. The column frame structure will be modeled, analyzed and tested. In this paper, the study is about a cold-formed channel profile that is compressed. The research objectives are to determine (1) stress and strain, (2) damage patterns, and (3) research development. The test object is modeled by using finite element method with a scale of 1:1 and the loading used is linear static loading. The simulation with finite element method uses atrial and error method by entering the obtained parameters. The draft and design of channel profiles used in cold-formed steel material refers to a several guidelines including SNI-7971-2013 on Cold Formed Steel Structures.
Structural performance of multi-storey building using flat slab and conventional slab to seismic loads (Case study: Faculty building of Sport Science in Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia)
Authors: Pradhana R A , Pratama M M A , Santoso E , Karjanto A
Published: November 2019

Innovations to increase the effective height of storeys in buildings are using a flat slab system. Flat slab system is a slab that is only supported by columns without any supporting beam. By the abstain of beams, designers are able to reduce the storey height and to reduce the structural weight. Other than that, flat slabs offer a more flexible installation of building utilities, simpler reinforcement, and simpler installation of scaffolding and formwork. This study was conducted to analyse the performance of flat slabs when applied to buildings compared with the conventional slabs. The flat slab system is expected to be able to withstand gravity and earthquake loads. The Building of the Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, with a total of 7 floors and 1 semi-basement was used as research object. This research was conducted using programme simulation, ETABS and SAP2000. The research was intended to analyse the resulting seismic base shear, the fundamental period, the structural stiffness, the ultimate performance evaluation, and the storey drift if the building designed using flat slab system. Results showed that (1) Building with flat slab system has a lighter weight than the one with conventional slab system. Building weight affects the seismic base shear value of the building. The heavier a building is, the greater the seismic base shear value of a building; (2) The fundamental period analysis resulted the structural vibration time (Tc) in flat slab structure is greater than in the conventional slabs. The heavier the building weight, the structural vibration time (Tc) that occurs will be smaller; (3) The structural stiffness of building using flat slab system is less than in the conventional slabs system; (4) Both of building using flat slab system and conventional slabs meet the requirement of service performance and ultimate performance; and (5) The storey drift in building using flat slab system is larger than in the conventional slabs. This is due to the conventional slab structure has a greater stiffness than flat slab structure.
Numerical and experimental investigation on the shear resistance of functionally graded concrete (FGC) beams
Authors: Pratama M M A , Arifanda W , Karyadi K , Nindyawati N , Sulaksitaningrum R , Prayuda H
Published: November 2019

Functionally graded concrete (FGC) is one of the most innovative materials combining two or more different concrete strength in building elements to optimise the construction cost. Studies focussing on the behaviour of graded concrete in flexural strength have been conducted by several researchers, whilst the research on the shear behaviour of FGC beam has not been initiated yet. Investigation on the shear behaviour of RC graded concrete beam is necessary due to the fabrication process could create a cold-joint that lower the load-carrying capacity of the element. Delamination possibly presents on the casted concrete layer during the loading and turns the beam behaviour more brittle in action. To further investigate these hypotheses, a laboratory testing and a numerical analysis are conducted in this research. Three pieces of RC beams with an identical dimension of 120 x 240 x 2200 mm are prepared with the concrete strength of 20 MPa, 30 MPa, and 20-30 MPa. The specimens are then tested using a four-point bending method in the age of 28 days. A set of strain gauge is mounted in stirrups surface to record the strain response on each incremental load. To validate the result, the specimens are also modelled in three-dimension using Abaqus. The results show that there is a significant difference in the stress-strain curve resulted from the experimental works and the model simulation. It is due to the limitation of programme to model the real interaction between the rebars and the concrete. In reality, the presence of aggregate interlocking, concrete contribution in withstanding compression stress, dowel effect improves the shear resistance of beams. Additionally, the interfacial failure did not present during the testing owing to the support of stirrups that confine the transition zone of concrete layers.
Effects of segregation on reinforced concrete column, a numerical approach
Authors: Damayanthi W , Novitasari Y , Pratama M M A
Published: November 2019

Columns are parts of building members that are exposure by the risk of segregation due to the elements’ dimension ratio, characteristic of concrete mix, and the concrete casting method. The segregation will create a higher density of coarse aggregate in lower part of the columns and result non-uniform distribution of concrete strength along the columns’ height. In previous research, the segregation on RC column were proven to decrease the performance of the member in withstanding the working load. As a result, the resulting ultimate load decreased up to 4% compared to the normal column. The segregation also decreases the level of ductility of the column, which was supported by the decrease of top drift on the segregated column. The researchers also found that segregation on RC column could change the failure mechanism from tension-controlled failure to compression-controlled failure. The failure on segregated column was initially begun by the crushing of concrete on the compression fibre and followed by the yield of tensile rebar. On the normal column, on the other hand, the failure on was initially begun by the yield of tensile rebar and followed by crushing of concrete on the compression fibre. In this paper, researchers would like to investigate the behaviour of segregated RC column using numerical approach. The results showed that (1) the segregated column creates a linear drift pattern, while the normal column shows a graph with double curvatures at the ultimate condition; (2) the resulting stress contour showed a similar pattern in the segregated column and in the normal column, while the normal column could withstand working stress up to 25% higher than the segregated model; and (3) column drift from numerical analysis is more reliable than the experimental works as the experimental data only provided the reading of drift at two level of column height.
Numerical Simulation of Turboexpander on Organic Rankine Cycle with Different Working Fluids
Authors: Ismail Permana Diki , Sutikno Priyono
Published: November 2019

Renewable energy is an alternative to overcome the energy crisis and dependence on fossil-fuel energy that has an environmental impact due to the greenhouse effect. Meanwhile, disadvantage of EBT is depend on weather periodically. Geothermal is a source of EBT that is independent with weather. Geothermal resources dominated by water (brine) can’t be directly utilized as a power generated, but it has to separated into water and steam phase. The high enthalpy owned by brine can still be utilized due to development of Organic Rankine Cycle. ORC uses organic refrigerant fluids or hydrocarbons as a working fluid because it has low boiling temperatures. The numerical simulation was analyzed using a CFD ANSYS CFX with turbulence model K-epsilon and Pentane, R245fa, and butane as a working fluids with expansion ratio 5:1 and rotational speed variation at 2000 until 14000 rpm.
Characterization of Calcium Ferrite Phase from Fe2O3 and CaCO3 Based on Iron Sand and Limestone Using XRD and SEM-EDX Analysis
Authors: Mastuki  , Gatut P U , Brata A W , Istiawan A G , Aditya B , Masrufi H
Published: November 2019

Synthesis of Ca-Fe-O using coprecipitation method employing CaCO3 and Fe2O3 has been conducted. Extraction of limestone as the raw material of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and iron sands as that of Fe2O3 was prepared to explore various compound of Ca-Fe-O. PCC and Fe2O3 are dissolved in HCl then mixed into homogeneous and precipitated using NH4OH. Mixing is resolved by the mass ratio of PCC and Fe2O3 with a ratio of 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/12. The results of synthesis are sintering at temperature of 7000C. The sintered samples were characterized by XRD and SEM-EDX. The results of XRD is indicated the formation of Ca-Fe-O phases that is dominated by Ca2Fe2O5 and Ca2Fe9O13 phases, and results of SEM/EDX indicate nanoscale particle size that is composed of Ca, Fe, O, and Si elements.