bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential requirement of m6A reader proteins, IGF2BP2 and HNRNPA2B1 for the processing of N6-methyladenosine modified H19 lncRNA: Stability versus miR-675 biogenesis
Authors: Jana Samarjit , Chowdhury Abhishek , Somasundaram Kumaravel
Published: August 2024

H19, a lnc-pri-miRNA that encodes miR-675, is dysregulated in numerous cancers. However, the specific mechanisms underlying H19 processing, particularly miR-675 formation, remain unclear. Our study reveals that H19 is highly expressed and m6A modified in a METTL3-dependent manner in glioblastoma (GBM) and glioma stem cells (GSCs). Silencing METTL3 reduced both H19 and miR-675 levels, whereas overexpressing METTL3 promoted miR-675 processing without affecting H19 levels. Further, miR-675 derived from exogenously expressed H19 was affected considerably more in METTL3 silenced glioma cells compared to H19 levels, suggesting differential requirements in the processing of m6A modified H19 transcript. We demonstrate that H19 interacts with m6A reader proteins, IGF2BP2 and HNRNPA2B1, and silencing either reduced H19 and miR-675 levels. However, a high level of miR-675 seen in METTL3 overexpressing cells is severely affected in HNRNPA2B1-silenced compared to IGF2BP2-silenced glioma cells. Interestingly, IGF2BP2 silencing more significantly affected H19 stability from exogenous H19 construct, while HNRNPA2B1 silencing severely impacted miR-675 processing. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the presence of two m6A sites in the first exon of H19, with site #1 facilitating HNRNPA2B1 interaction to promote miR-675 processing. In contrast, the IGF2BP2 interaction is promoted by site #2, resulting in enhanced H19 stability. H19-METTL3-HNRNPA2B1-miR675 axis inhibited Calneuron 1 (CALN1), a known target of miR-675, to promote glioma cell migration. Notably, a low CALN1/high H19 predicted a poor prognosis in GBM patients and was further exacerbated by a high METTL3 or HNRNPA2B1 but not IGF2BP2 transcript levels. Thus, we found that the H19 transcript is highly expressed in GBM and m6A modified, and the m6A reader proteins, IGF2BP2 and HNRNPA2B1, regulate the H19 processing differently to promote glioma cell migration.
Deep Visual Proteomics reveals DNA replication stress as a hallmark of Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kabatnik Sonja , Zheng Xiang , Pappas Georgios , Steigerwald Sophia , Padula Matthew P , Mann Matthias
Published: August 2024

Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare and highly malignant form of adenocarcinoma with increasing incidence and poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. We employed Deep Visual Proteomics (DVP), which combines AI directed cell segmentation and classification with laser microdissection and ultra-high sensitivity mass spectrometry, for cell-type specific proteomic analysis of SRCC across the bladder, prostate, liver, and lymph nodes of a single patient. DVP identified significant alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, particularly within the ATR and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways, indicating replication stress as a crucial factor in SRCC mutagenicity. Additionally, we observed substantial enrichment of immune-related proteins, reflecting high levels of cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration and elevated PD-1 expression. These findings suggest that pembrolizumab immunotherapy may be more effective than conventional chemotherapy for this patient. Our results provide novel insights into the proteomic landscape of SRCC, identifying potential targets and open up for personalized therapeutic strategies in managing SRCC.
SNARE mimicry by the CD225 domain of IFITM3 enables regulation of homotypic late endosome fusion
Authors: Rahman Kazi , Wilt Isaiah , Jolley Abigail A. , Chowdhury Bhabadeb , Datta Siddhartha A. K. , Compton Alex A.
Published: August 2024

The CD225/Dispanins superfamily consists of membrane proteins that regulate vesicular transport and membrane fusion events driving neurotransmission, glucose transport, and antiviral immunity. However, how the CD225 domain controls membrane trafficking was unknown. We reveal that the CD225 domain contains a SNARE-like motif that enables interaction with cellular SNARE fusogens. Proline rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) encodes a SNARE-like motif that enables interaction with neuronal SNARE proteins, and mutations therein disrupt SNARE binding and are linked to neurological disease. Another CD225 member, interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), protects cells against Influenza A virus infection. IFITM3 interacts with SNARE proteins that mediate late endosome-late endosome (homotypic) fusion and late endosome-lysosome (heterotypic) fusion. IFITM3 binds to syntaxin 7 (STX7) in cells and in vitro, and mutations that abrogate STX7 binding cause loss of antiviral activity against Influenza A virus. Mechanistically, IFITM3 disrupts assembly of the SNARE complex controlling homotypic fusion and accelerates the trafficking of endosomal cargo to lysosomes. Our results suggest that SNARE modulation plays a previously unrecognized role in the diverse functions performed by CD225 proteins.
Cortical Representation of the Glottal Events during Speech Production
Authors: Veillette John P. , Rosen Jacob , Margoliash Daniel , Nusbaum Howard C.
Published: August 2024

To produce complex motor behaviors such as speech, the nervous system must accommodate the fact that sensory feedback is delayed relative to actual movements; by most accounts, this is accomplished using an internal model that predicts the current state of the body’s periphery from recent motor system output. Here we show that onsets of events in the human glottal waveform, measured via electroglottography, are encoded in the human electroencephalogram (EEG) during speech production, maximally reflected at zero time lag. Conversely, we show that glottal event times can be decoded from the EEG. Furthermore, after prolonged exposure to delayed auditory feedback, subjects show a robust recalibration of their behaviorally observed threshold for detecting auditory-motor mismatches, and decoding models that perform best in normal speaking conditions also showed a shift in the predicted times of glottal events relative to actual events. This suggests that decoding performance is driven by plastic internal representations of peripheral event timing (while ruling out movement artifact concerns). Our results provide a missing component for a mechanism to associate specific feedback events with the neurons that gave rise to those movements, mirroring the observation of synchronous bursting of songbird HVC neurons with events in the trajectories of the biophysical parameters that control bird voicing.
UFMylation suppresses Type I IFN signaling duringM. tuberculosisinfection of human macrophages
Authors: Garelis Nicholas E. , Luteijn Rutger D. , Raulet David H. , Cox Jeffery S.
Published: August 2024

Type I Interferons (Type I IFNs) are critical for host defense against a wide range of viral infections but can enhance the pathogenicity of several bacterial pathogens, includingMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)1–4. Given the significance of Type I IFN signaling in determining Mtb infection outcomes we sought to uncover new molecular mechanisms controlling Type I IFN activation during mycobacterial infection. We performed a genome-wide CRISPR interference screen in human macrophages to identify genes that regulate IFN-β, during infection withM. marinum (Mm). In addition to known regulators of Type I IFN, we identified UFL1, which encodes the E3 ligase for the ubiquitin-like protein UFM1, as a major regulator of IFN-β during mycobacterial infection. Depletion of other components of the UFMylation pathway, DDRGK1 and UFM1, also resulted in increased IFN-β, indicating that UFMylation activity is required for Type I IFN regulation. Deficiency in UFMylation resulted in increased production and secretion of IFN-β during macrophage infection with both Mm and Mtb compared to control cells. Additionally, silencing UFL1 resulted in increased expression of several interferon stimulated genes and other pro-inflammatory genes, including TNF and IL-6, at both the mRNA and protein level. Transcriptional profiling revealed a surprisingly broad increase in pro-inflammatory responses of UFL1-deficient cells during Mtb infection, particularly for interferon-stimulated genes. Our data reveals an unexpected role of the UFMylation pathway in suppressing Type I IFN, a pro-inflammatory immune pathway with detrimental effects on Mtb infection outcome.
Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light chain in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and primary psychiatric disorders
Authors: Eratne Dhamidhu , Kang Matthew JY , Lewis Courtney , Dang Christa , Malpas Charles , Ooi Suyi , Brodtmann Amy , Darby David , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Berk Michael , Dean Olivia , Bousman Chad , Thomas Naveen , Everall Ian , Pantelis Chris , Wannan Cassandra , Cicognola Claudia , Hansson Oskar , Janelidze Shorena , Santillo Alexander F , Velakoulis Dennis ,   The MiND Study Group
Published: August 2024

Objective

Timely, accurate distinction between behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and primary psychiatric disorders (PPD) is a clinical challenge. Blood biomarkers such as neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have shown promise. Prior work has shown NfL helps distinguish FTD from PPD. Few studies have assessed NfL together with GFAP.

Methods

We investigated plasma GFAP and NfL levels in participants with bvFTD, bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), healthy controls (HC), adjusting for age and sex. We compared ability of GFAP and NfL to distinguish bvFTD from PPD.

Results

Plasma GFAP levels were significantly (all p<0.001) elevated in bvFTD (n=22, mean (M)=273pg/mL) compared to BPAD (n=121, M=96pg/mL), MDD (n=42, M=105pg/mL), TRS (n=82, M=67.9pg/mL), and HC (n=120, M=76.8pg/mL). GFAP distinguished bvFTD from all PPD with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85, 95% confidence interval [0.76, 0.95]. The optimal cut-off of 105pg/mL was associated with 73% specificity and 86% sensitivity. NfL had AUC 0.95 [0.91, 0.99], 13.3pg/mL cut-off, 88% specificity, 86% sensitivity, and was superior to GFAP (p=0.02863) and combination of GFAP and NfL (p=0.04726).

Conclusions

This study found elevated GFAP levels in bvFTD compared to a large cohort of PPD, but NfL levels exhibited better performance in this distinction. These findings extend the literature on GFAP in bvFTD and build evidence for plasma NfL as a useful biomarker to assist with distinguishing bvFTD from PPD. Utilisation of NfL may improve timely and accurate diagnosis of bvFTD.
Mapping the genetic landscape of disorders on the autoimmune-autoinflammatory continuum: potential implications for classification and treatment
Authors: Fominykh Vera , Shadrin Alexey A. , Jaholkowski Piotr , Fuhrer Julian , Parker Nadine , Wiström Erik D. , Frei Oleksandr , Smeland Olav B. , Sanner Helga , Djurovic Srdjan , Andreassen Ole A.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Based on clinical, biomarker and genetic data, autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders (AIDs) can be classified as a disease continuum from pure autoinflammatory to pure autoimmune with mixed diseases in between. However, the genetic architecture of AIDs has not been systematically described. Here we investigate the polygenic continuum of AIDs using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and statistical genetics methods.

Methods

We mapped the genetic landscape of 15 AIDs using GWAS summary statistics and methods including genomic structural equation modelling (genomic SEM), linkage disequilibrium score regression, Local Analysis of [co]Variant Association, and Gaussian causal mixture modelling (MiXeR). We performed enrichment analyses of tissues and biological gene-sets using MAGMA.

Results

Genomic SEM suggested a continuum structure with four underlying latent factors from autoimmune diseases at one end to autoinflammatory on the opposite end. Across AIDs, we observed a balanced mixture of negative and positive local correlations within the major histocompatibility complex, while outside this region they were predominantly positive. MiXeR analysis showed large genetic overlap in accordance with the continuum landscape. MAGMA analysis implicated genes associated with monogenic immune diseases in autoimmune (factor 1) and autoinflammatory diseases (factor 4).

Conclusions

Our findings support a polygenic continuum across AIDs, with four genetic clusters. The “polygenic autoimmune” and “polygenic autoinflammatory” clusters reside on margins of this continuum. The identified genetic patterns across different AIDs can potentially guide drug selection, as patients within the same clusters may benefit from the same therapies.
A metabolic constraint in the kynurenine pathway drives mucosal inflammation in IBD
Authors: Welz Lina , Harris Danielle MM , Kim Na-Mi , Alsaadi Abrar I , Wu Qicong , Oumari Mhmd , Taubenheim Jan , Volk Valery , Credido Graziella , Koncina Eric , Mukherjee Pranab K , Tran Florian , Sievers Laura Katharina , Pavlidis Polychronis , Powell Nick , Rieder Florian , Letellier Elisabeth , Waschina Silvio , Kaleta Christoph , Feuerhake Friedrich , Verstockt Bram , McReynolds Melanie R , Rosenstiel Philip , Schreiber Stefan , Aden Konrad
Published: August 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with perturbed metabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp). Whether increased degradation of Trp directly fuels mucosal inflammation or acts as a compensatory attempt to restore cellular energy levels viade-novonicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) synthesis is not understood. Employing a systems medicine approach on longitudinal IBD therapy intervention cohorts and targeted screening in preclinical IBD models, we discover that steady increases in Trp levels upon therapy success coincide with a rewiring of metabolic processes within the kynurenine pathway (KP). In detail, we identify that Trp catabolism in IBD is metabolically constrained at the level of quinolinate phosphorybosyltransferase (QPRT), leading to accumulation of quinolinic acid (Quin) and a decrease of NAD+. We further demonstrate that Trp degradation along the KP occurs locally in the inflamed intestinal mucosa and critically depends on janus kinase / signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling. Subsequently, knockdown ofQPRT in-vitroinduces NAD+depletion and a pro-inflammatory state, which can largely be rescued by bypassing QPRT via other NAD+precursors. We hence propose a model of impairedde-novoNAD+synthesis from Trp in IBD. These findings point towards the replenishment of NAD+precursors as a novel therapeutic pathway in IBD.
Population variation and prognostic potential of gut antibiotic resistome
Authors: Pärnänen K. , Ruuskanen M. , Sommeria-Klein G. , Laitinen V. , Kantanen P. , Méric G. , Gazolla Volpiano C. , Inouye M. , Knight R. , Salomaa V. , Havulinna A. S. , Niiranen T. , Lahti L.
Published: August 2024

The spread of antibiotic-resistance genes in bacteria has severely reduced the efficacy of antibiotics, now contributing to 1.3 million deaths annually. Despite the far-reaching epidemiological implications of this trend, the extent to which antimicrobial resistance load varies within human populations and the drivers that contribute most to this variation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate in a representative cohort of 7,095 Finnish adults1that socio-demographic factors, lifestyle, and gut microbial community composition shape resistance selection and transmission processes. Antimicrobial resistance gene load was linked not only to prior use of antibiotics, as anticipated, but also to frequent consumption of fresh vegetables and poultry, two food groups previously reported to contain antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Interestingly, ARG load was not associated with high-fat and -sugar foods. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance gene load was systematically higher in females and the generally healthier high-income demographics in urban and densely populated areas. Data from this prospective cohort with a 17-year follow-up suggests that the prognostic potential of antimicrobial resistome is comparable to blood pressure for mortality and sepsis. These findings highlight population-level risks and socio-demographic dimensions of antimicrobial resistance that are particularly relevant in the current context of global urbanization and middle-class growth.
SKAP binding to microtubules reduces friction at the kinetochore-microtubule interface and increases attachment stability under force
Authors: Rosas-Salvans Miquel , Rux Caleb , Das Moumita , Dumont Sophie
Published: August 2024

The kinetochore links chromosomes to spindle microtubules to drive chromosome segregation at cell division. We recently uncovered that the kinetochore complex Astrin-SKAP, which binds microtubules, reduces rather than increases friction at the mammalian kinetochore-microtubule interface. How it does so is not known. Astrin-SKAP could affect how other kinetochore complexes bind microtubules, reducing their friction along microtubules, or it could itself bind microtubules with similar affinity but lower friction than other attachment factors. Using SKAP mutants unable to bind microtubules, live imaging and laser ablation, we show that SKAP’s microtubule binding is essential for sister kinetochore coordination, force dissipation at the interface and attachment responsiveness to force changes. Further, we show that SKAP’s microtubule binding is essential to prevent chromosome detachment under both spindle forces and microneedle-generated forces. Together, our findings indicate that SKAP’s microtubule binding reduces kinetochore friction and increases attachment responsiveness and stability under force. We propose that having complexes with both high and low sliding friction on microtubules, making a mechanically heterogeneous interface, is key to maintaining robust attachments under force and thus accurate segregation.
Vibrational properties of monoclinic
CoTeO4
Authors: Pramanik P. , Eder F. , Weil M. , Ivanov S. A. , Maltoni P. , Miletich R. , Edvinsson T. , Mathieu R.
Published: August 2024

The vibrational properties of monoclinic dirutile-type CoTeO4 (space group P21/c) were investigated by means of Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy on stoichiometric single crystals and theoretical density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Experimental investigations under pressure and temperature variations up to 10.1 GPa and 750 K confirmed the singular phase stability of the monoclinic lattice and the absence of any structural transition. The IR spectra exhibit modes that are not observed in the Raman spectra, thus offering a comprehensive understanding of the vibrational behavior of the title compound. The symmetry and degeneracy of modes and their contributions to the overall vibrational spectrum of CoTeO4 were analyzed using group theory. DFT calculations were performed both on a cluster level and based on the crystal structure of monoclinic CoTeO4 in order to gain further insights into the vibrational properties. The calculated vibrational frequencies and modes were compared with the experimental data, allowing for a detailed investigation of the lattice dynamics and the nature of the vibrational modes in CoTeO4, and are corroborated with the analytical Wilson's F-G matrix method. These findings provide fundamental insights into the crystal symmetry and lattice dynamics of CoTeO4. The results are discussed and compared to those of isoformular systems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
NLO thermal corrections to dark matter annihilation cross sections: A novel approach
Authors: Butola Prabhat , Indumathi D. , Sen Pritam
Published: August 2024

Dark matter relic density has been increasingly accurately measured by successive generations of experiments. The Boltzmann equation determines the yields using the dark matter annihilation cross section as one of the inputs; the accurate computation of the latter including thermal contributions thus assumes importance. We report here the next-to-leading-order (NLO) thermal corrections to the cross sections for (Majorana) dark matter annihilation of standard model fermions, χχ→ff¯, via charged scalars. We use a novel approach, utilizing the technique of Grammer and Yennie, extended to thermal field theories, where the cancellation of soft infrared divergences occurs naturally. We present the NLO thermal cross sections in full detail both for the relativistic case and in the nonrelativistic limit. Our independent calculation verifies earlier results where the leading contribution at order O(T2) was shown to be proportional to the square of the fermion mass in the nonrelativistic limit, just as at leading order. We find that the O(T4) contributions have the same dependence on the fermion mass as well.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Rise and Fall of Light Top Squarks in the LHC Top-Quark Sample
Authors: Bagnaschi Emanuele , Corcella Gennaro , Franceschini Roberto , Sengupta Dibyashree
Published: August 2024

We discuss the possibility that light new physics in the top-quark sample at the LHC can be found by investigating with greater care well-known kinematic distributions, such as the invariant mass mbℓ of the b-jet and the charged lepton in fully leptonic tt¯ events. We demonstrate that new physics can be probed in the rising part of the already measured mbℓ distribution. To this end, we analyze a concrete supersymmetric scenario with a light right-handed top-squark, chargino and neutralino. The corresponding spectra are characterized by small mass differences, which make them not yet excluded by current LHC searches and give rise to a specific end point in the shape of the mbℓ distribution. We argue that this sharp feature is general for models of light new physics that have so far escaped the LHC searches and can offer a precious handle for the implementation of robust searches that exploit, rather than suffer from, soft bottom quarks and leptons. Recasting public data on searches for new physics, we identify candidate models that are not yet excluded. For these models, we study the mbℓ distribution and derive the expected signal yields, finding that there is untapped potential for discovery of new physics using the mbℓ distribution.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Further evaluation of the shape of atomic Hirshfeld surfaces: M...H contacts and homoatomic bonds
Authors: Pinto Camila B. , Dos Santos Leonardo H. R. , Rodrigues Bernardo L.
Published: August 2024

It is well known that Hirshfeld surfaces provide an easy and straightforward way of analysing intermolecular interactions in the crystal environment. The use of atomic Hirshfeld surfaces has also demonstrated that such surfaces carry information related to chemical bonds which allow a deeper evaluation of the structures. Here we briefly summarize the approach of atomic Hirshfeld surfaces while further evaluating the kind of information that can be retrieved from them. We show that the analysis of the metal-centre Hirshfeld surfaces from structures refined via Hirshfeld Atom Refinement (HAR) allow accurate evaluation of contacts of type M...H, and that such contacts can be related to the overall shape of the surfaces. The compounds analysed were tetraaquabis(3-carboxypropionato)metal(II), [M(C4H3O4)2(H2O)4], for metal(II)/M = manganese/Mn, cobalt/Co, nickel/Ni and zinc/Zn. We also evaluate the sensitivity of the surfaces by an investigation of seemingly flat surfaces through analysis of the curvature functions in the direction of C—C bonds. The obtained values not only demonstrate variations in curvature but also show a correlation with the hybridization of the C atoms involved in the bond.
Climate apartheid: the failures of accountability and climate justice
Authors: Perkiss Stephanie
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Severe inequality from climate change exists between the Global North and Global South. The North significantly contributes to climate change yet retreats to protect itself against its harmful impacts. Conversely, members of the Global South bear the brunt of the climate crisis with limited protection against its destructive effects. Climate justice aims to address this inequality. This paper explores the effects of climate change reforms and policies that have been established to foster accountability and climate justice.

Design/methodology/approach

This research follows a qualitative exploratory case study method. It draws on a supply- and demand-led approach and local accounts to analyse the (in)effectiveness with which six national and international reforms and policies have achieved accountability for climate justice. The research analysed a variety of empirical documents including contemporary research, reports, academic literature, non-government and government documents and policies, media releases and Pacific Islander accounts.

Findings

Climate change reforms and policies, which come together to form supply-side accountability, have largely failed to engender accountability in the Global North for the impacts of climate change. Nor have they mitigated climate change to any tangible extent at all. This has created a system of modern-day climate apartheid. Improving accountability and remediating climate injustices going forward will require a focus on demand-led instruments and accountability, which includes the voice of citizens.

Originality/value

This paper responds to AAAJ’s special issue call for examining accounting and accountability with regard to environmental and climate racism. Limited research to date explores the issue of climate apartheid and climate justice and its relationship with accountability. This research attempts to fill that gap.
Researching race, accounting and accountability: past, present and future
Authors: Agyemang Gloria , Dhanani Alpa , Ejiogu Amanze Rajesh , Perkiss Stephanie
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper introduces the special issue on Race and Accounting and Accountability. In so doing, it explores racism in its historical and contemporary forms, the role of accounting and accountability in enabling racism and racial discrimination and also efforts of redress and resistance.

Design/methodology/approach

We reflect on several critical themes to demonstrate the pervasive and insidious nature of racism and, review the literature on race and racism in accounting, focusing on studies that followed the seminal work by Annisette and Prasad (2017) who called for more research. We also review the six papers included in this special issue.

Findings

While many overt systems of racial domination experienced throughout history have subsided, racism is engrained in our everyday lives and in broader societal structures in more covert and nuanced forms. Yet, in accounting, as Annisette and Prasad noted, the focus has continued to be on the former. This special issue shifts this imbalance – five of the six papers focus on contemporary racism. Moreover, it demonstrates that although accounting technologies can and do facilitate racism and racist practices, accountability and counter accounts offer avenues for calling out and disrupting the powers and privileges that underlie racial discrimination and, resistance by un-silencing minority groups subjected to discrimination and injustice.

Originality/value

This introduction and the papers in the special issue offer rich empirical and theoretical contributions to accounting and accountability research on race and racial discrimination. We hope they inspire future race research to nurture progress towards a true post-racial society.
“Social service entrepreneurship: determinants of social entrepreneurs’ intention in development of e-governance social ventures”
Authors: Hiriyanna Gangadhara , Jaya Prakash Senthil Kumar
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship link between societal and governmental support factors, individuals’ self-efficacy, experience and outcome expectations in framing nascent social entrepreneurs' intentions to establish e-government service centres in rural areas by using the integrated model approach of Hockert’s (2017) social entrepreneurial intentions (SEI) theoretical model and social cognitive career theory (SCCT).

Design/methodology/approach

Using a convenient sampling strategy, 615 survey samples were obtained through a questionnaire from e-governance-based social entrepreneurs in Karnataka. The primary data and theorised model are analysed and tested using partial least squares structural equation modelling.

Findings

This research findings indicate that appointing agency support, perceived societal support (PSS), government support, social entrepreneurial self-efficacy (SE-SE), public image, prior experience and outcome expectations substantially predicted SEI to establish an e-government service centre. Hence, prior experience and PSS were insignificant regarding direct influence outcome expectations towards establishing e-governance social ventures.

Originality/value

The present research study initially explored the social entrepreneur's intention to provide e-public services to people in rural and distant areas to fulfil social needs. Furthermore, this research revealed that new antecedents of government support, appointing agency support and public image influence the social entrepreneur's intention to establish e-governance service centres. These research findings evaluate the contribution of the government, appointing agencies, social entrepreneurs and citizens to make a framework for the inclination of e-government service centres to create a social impact in rural and remote areas.
Synchronizing BIM cost models and bills of quantities for lifecycle audit trail cost management
Authors: Chong Heap-Yih , Zhang Yufan , Lee Cen Ying , Wang Fei , Zhang Yubin
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Audit trail cost management is crucial for ensuring accountability and enhancing quality assurance in construction management. Despite limited practical studies on audit trail management from a cost perspective; this study developed a lifecycle-based audit trail cost management framework. It used synchronized Building Information Modeling (BIM) cost models and Bills of Quantities (BoQs) to address the existing gap.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed a descriptive case study approach of a real-life hospital project in China. Data triangulation was achieved through interviews, observations, documents, and relevant artifacts.

Findings

The study identified three key factors contributing to cost variances between BIM cost models and BoQs: differences in measurement rules, model precision, and professional errors, particularly evident during the preliminary estimate stage. Notably, significant cost savings of approximately RMB 5.811 million were achieved during the detailed estimate stage. During the construction phase, a synchronized approach was deployed to improve precise payment verification and modifications to the BIM model. In the post-construction phase, the synchronized as-built BIM models and BoQs served as primary references to facilitate the resolution of operational discrepancies.

Practical implications

The research contributes to the literature by proposing a synchronized approach of BIM cost models and BoQs. This approach enhances traceability and accountability of project information, catering to the digitalization needs of the construction industry.

Originality/value

This study unveils a pragmatic approach to enhancing transparency and accountability in audit-trail cost management by synchronizing BIM cost models and BoQs at various project stages. The synchronized approach offers a promising direction for future research and implementation of audit trail frameworks to enhance cost management in construction.
Ergonomic risks affecting the performance of work-from-home employees in IT industry: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Kamala V. , Yamini S. , Gajanand M.S.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the ergonomic risks faced by employees in the IT industry who work from home (WFH). With the increasing prevalence of remote work, understanding and addressing ergonomic challenges are crucial to ensure the well-being, productivity and long-term health of IT professionals.

Design/methodology/approach

The data are gathered through a survey questionnaire which includes demographic factors, job-related factors, quick video display terminal (VDT) workspace evaluation factors, quick chair design usability evaluation factors and the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) in order to measure the ergonomic risks among them. The risk factors associated with each body part are determined using ordinal logistic regression.

Findings

Highest occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders was observed in the neck, hip and lower back among WFH employees. By identifying and prioritizing these risks, organizations and individuals can implement effective strategies to promote a healthy and ergonomic work environment for remote IT employees.

Originality/value

This research contributes new insights that will be helpful for researchers and practitioners working in the areas of ergonomic risks, improving performance of work from home employees and provides suggestions for future research to explore and enrich the existing knowledge base.
Navigating through pandemics: a bibliometric analysis of research trends in Islamic finance and Islamic banking
Authors: Mohamad Azhar
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to provide a bibliometric analysis of 1,104 journal articles to explore the multifaceted research field of Islamic finance and banking, explicitly emphasising the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

Insights into the evolving trends and dynamics within the academic discourse are presented.

Findings

The research highlights different patterns and collaborative networks through co-authorship, co-occurrence and thematic map analyses. Prior to the pandemic, research focused primarily on customer satisfaction and compliance with Shariah principles. However, the pandemic heralded an increased discourse on sustainability, fintech and the financial crisis.

Research limitations/implications

This review describes the prevailing academic terrain and identifies potential avenues for future research, particularly those that examine the socio-economic impact of the pandemic within the context of Islamic finance and banking.

Originality/value

Prominent author such as M. Kabir Hassan, leading institution such as the International Islamic University Malaysia and esteemed journal such as the International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management have been instrumental in shaping academic discussions and creating synergies in research. Moreover, Malaysia’s strong commitment to spatial research, evidenced by its robust global collaborations, underscores its pioneering role in the academic world of Islamic finance and banking.
National culture and capital structure dynamics
Authors: Botta Marco
Published: August 2024

Purpose

We expand the recent literature on the dynamics of capital structure decisions by investigating the impact of national culture on firms' optimal debt ratios and their dynamic re-adjustment process. To this end, we aim at estimating firm-specific speeds of leverage adjustment, allowing for heterogeneous dynamics in firms' capital structure.

Design/methodology/approach

We use dynamic panel data estimators to analyze the impact of cultural factors on the dynamics of debt ratios.

Findings

We show that national culture affects the optimal level of leverage and the dynamic rebalancing of debt ratios, both directly and indirectly, by altering the effect of firm characteristics and macroeconomic factors on firms' financing behavior. Firms converge faster towards the optimal leverage in countries with a stronger attitude to conform with the norm, while they are slower where there is a higher propensity to intellectual autonomy. A higher risk aversion and long-run propensity induce over-levered firms to reduce leverage faster, making the adjustment process strongly asymmetric. Moreover, national culture also produces indirect effects by mitigating the impact of asymmetric information on capital structure decisions. Indeed, firms in more individualistic countries display a lower speed of adjustment and a stronger effect of firm characteristics associated with higher agency costs. On the contrary, firms in countries with a higher tendency to conform to social norms, less individualistic and more long-term oriented have a higher adjustment speed and appear to suffer less from agency issues. Our results therefore highlight how national culture affects agency problems within firms, thus suggesting the adoption of country-specific corporate governance provisions accounting for the effects of local cultural traits on managers' behavior.

Originality/value

We expand the capital structure and governance literature by showing how cultural traits impact on the dynamics of debt ratios. In particular, we show how cultural traits may mitigate or exacerbate the role of agency issues on firms' behavior, hence suggesting that cultural factors may interact with governance rules in shaping firms' decisions. Therefore, our work highlights how policy-makers should include cultural aspects when defining regulation concerning corporate governance.
Avian phylogenetic and functional diversity are better conserved by land‐sparing than land‐sharing farming in lowland tropical forests
Authors: Pérez Giovanny , Mills Simon C. , Socolar Jacob B. , Martínez‐Revelo Diego E. , Haugaasen Torbjørn , Gilroy James J. , Edwards David P.
Published: August 2024

The transformation of natural habitats for farming is a major driver of tropical biodiversity loss. To mitigate impacts, two alternatives are promoted: intensifying agriculture to offset protected areas (land sparing) or integrating wildlife‐friendly habitats within farmland (land sharing). In the montane and dry tropics, phylogenetic and functional diversity, which underpin evolutionary values and the provision of ecosystem functioning and services, are best protected by land sparing. A key question is how these components of biodiversity are best conserved in the more stable environments of lowland moist tropical forests.

Focusing on cattle farming within the Colombian Amazon, we investigated how the occupancy of 280 bird species varies between forest and pasture spanning gradients of wildlife‐friendly features. We then simulated scenarios of land‐sparing and land‐sharing farming to predict impacts on phylogenetic and functional diversity metrics.

Predicted metrics differed marginally between forest and pasture. However, community assembly varied significantly. Wildlife‐friendly pastures were inadequate for most forest‐dependent species, while phylogenetic and functional diversity indices showed minimal variation across gradients of wildlife‐friendly features.

Land sparing consistently retained higher levels of Faith's phylogenetic diversity (~30%), functional richness (~20%) and evolutionarily distinct lineages (~40%) than land sharing, and did so across a range of landscape sizes. Securing forest protection through land‐sparing practices remains superior for conserving overall community phylogenetic and functional diversity than land sharing.

Synthesis and applications: To minimise the loss of avian phylogenetic diversity and functional traits from farming in the Amazon, it is imperative to protect large blocks of undisturbed and regenerating forests. The intensification required within existing farmlands to make space for spared lands while meeting agricultural demand needs to be sustainable, avoiding long‐term negative impacts on soil quality and other ecosystem services. Policies need to secure the delivery of both actions simultaneously.
Regulating antigenicity of α‐lactalbumin based on enzymolysis: Insights into structure and linear epitopes
Authors: Sun Peng , Mu Guangqing , Gao Ziqi , Zhao Anqi , Zhao Qing , Sun Qi , Wu Xiaomeng , Kong Fanhua
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the effect of enzymatic treatment on the allergenicity of α‐lactalbumin (ALA). Utilising the BIOPEP database, we identified five proteases that optimally clear allergen epitopes, while considering cost‐efficiency. Notably, alkaline protease demonstrated the highest antigen reduction rate of 46.46%, with a hydrolysis degree of 30.01%, and 87.80% of the resulting peptides were found to be smaller than 1 kDa. Peptidomics analysis revealed AA32–38 and AA42–48 as key linear epitopes of ALA. Furthermore, alkaline protease treatment significantly reduced the proportion of hydrophilic amino acids, thereby decreasing the allergen potential of ALA by lowering its IgE/IgG binding affinity.
Differences and correlations between industrial experts and semi‐trained assessors in the sensory evaluation of strong‐aroma baijiu using rate‐all‐that‐apply
Authors: Xiangli Ran , Ma Yue , Zeng Yong , Tang Ke , Chen Shuang , Xu Yan
Published: August 2024

Baijiu has rich and complex sensory characteristics, and how to make the sensory analysis results given by baijiu industrial experts better understood by consumers has been attracting a lot of attention. In this study, 35 strong‐aroma baijiu samples were evaluated by 12 industrial experts and 21 semi‐trained assessors, respectively, using rate‐all‐that‐apply (RATA) methods, which involved 2 groups of lexicons generated by the 2 panels. The results showed that the RATA method was suitable for analyzing and distinguishing different baijiu samples by both industrial experts and semi‐trained assessors. Although the industrial experts and the semi‐trained assessors selected very different lexicons to describe the same strong‐aroma baijiu samples, most descriptors from the expert evaluators are either positively or negatively correlated with the semi‐trained assessors, such as the attributes “aldehyde,” “mud,” “multi‐grain,” and “scorched,” and these attributes are effective in distinguishing different strong‐aroma baijiu samples. These correlations could enable the marketing promotion and consumer evaluation of baijiu products in the future.

Practical Application

The result could help baijiu market, in particular the worldwide beverage market, better understand how different baijiu samples are described and evaluated by industrial experts, and further enable the marketing promotion and consumer evaluation of baijiu products in the future.
Global burden of osteoarthritis: Prevalence and temporal trends from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Li Xiao‐Xiao , Cao Fan , Zhao Chan‐Na , Ge Man , Wei Hai‐Fen , Tang Jian , Xu Wen‐Li , Wang Shuo , Gao Meng , Wang Peng , Pan Hai‐Feng
Published: August 2024

Objective

To investigate the age‐standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and temporal trends for hip, knee, hand, and other osteoarthritis (OA) at a global, continental, and national level.

Design

The estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for case number and ASPR of OA were derived from the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019. The joinpoint regression analysis was utilized to examine the temporal trends from 1990 to 2019.

Results

In 2019, the global ASPR of hip, knee, hand, and other OA was 400.95 (95% UI: 312.77–499.41), 4375.95 (95% UI: 3793.04–5004.9), 1726.38 (95% UI: 1319.91–2254.85), and 745.62 (95% UI: 570.16–939.8). As for the ASPR of hip OA, hand OA, and other OA, Europe and America had higher rates than Asia and Africa, and Asia was second only to America in knee OA ASPRs. The period 1990–2019, the ASPR at global level dropped significantly for hand OA (AAPC = −0.4%, 95% CI: −0.47 to −0.34) and increased significantly for hip OA (AAPC = 0.43%, 95% CI: 0.39–0.46), knee OA (AAPC = 0.17%, 95% CI: 0.09–0.24) and other OA (AAPC = 0.16%, 95% CI: 0.15–0.17). Different continents, countries, and periods demonstrated significant changes.

Conclusions

Globally, America has the highest OA burden and Asia has a higher knee OA burden. Appropriate prevention and control measures to reduce modifiable risk factors are needed to reduce the burden of OA.
The activation of cGAS‐STING pathway causes abnormal uterine receptivity in aged mice
Authors: Chen Si‐Ting , Shi Wen‐Wen , Ran Feng , Liu Cheng‐Kan , Luo Hui‐Na , Wu Li‐Juan , Wu Ying , Zhang Tong‐Tong , Yang Zeng‐Ming
Published: August 2024

Maternal age is one of the most important factors affecting the success of maternal pregnancy. Uterine aging is the leading cause of pregnancy failure in older women. However, how uterine aging affects uterine receptivity and decidualization is unclear. In this study, naturally aged one‐year‐old female mice were used to investigate effects of maternal age on embryo implantation during early pregnancy. In our study, we found abnormal uterine receptivity in aged mice. Aged mouse uterus indicates a decrease in nuclear LAMIN A, and an increase in PRELAMIN A and PROGERIN. In aged mouse uterus, double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) in cytoplasmic fraction is significantly increased. PROGERIN overexpression in mouse uterine epithelial cells and epithelial organoids leads to nuclear DNA leakage and impaired uterine receptivity. DNase I, DNase II, and TREX1 are obviously reduced in aged mouse uterus. Treatments with foreign DNA or STING agonist significantly downregulate uterine receptivity markers and activate cGAS‐STING pathway. Uterine estrogen (E2) concentration is significantly increased in aged mice. After ovariectomized mice are treated with a high level of E2, there are significant increase of PROGERIN and cytoplasmic DNA, and activation of cGAS‐STING pathway. CD14 is significantly increased in aged uterus. Intrauterine CD14 injection inhibits embryo implantation. In vitro CD14 treatment of cultured epithelial cells or epithelial organoids decreases uterine receptivity. Uterine abnormality in aged mouse can be partially rescued by STING inhibitor. In conclusion, uterine PROGERIN increase in aged mouse uterus results in cytoplasmic DNA accumulation and cGAS‐STING pathway activation. CD14 secretion in aged uterus impairs uterine receptivity.
Dermatological care of gender‐diverse patients in Australia
Authors: Wong Roy Kingsley , Harrington Jenny , Stevenson Annabel Irene
Published: August 2024

In recent years, there has been an increasing recognition of the unique healthcare needs of gender‐diverse patients in Australia. With the continuous growth of referrals to gender health services, there is an increased demand for specialised dermatological care. There is still a significant knowledge gap and a lack of guidelines specifically tailored to this patient group. In this article, we will provide a brief overview of the journey of Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) individuals as they embark on psychological and pharmacologic treatment for gender dysphoria in Australia. We endeavour to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by examining the evidence surrounding the treatment of skin, hair and nail issues for TGD patients. This article will outline how dermatologists can assist in the care of the gender‐diverse patient. Although puberty blockade (stage 1 treatments) has minimal dermatological impact, gender‐affirming pharmacotherapy (stage 2 treatments) can lead to many dermatological issues including acne, patterned hair loss (PHL) and dermatitis. The dermatologist may also play a role in stage 3 treatments which include surgical or procedural interventions for gender affirmation.