bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of 8 Weeks of Sodium Alginate Supplementation with HIIT and MICT on Liver Enzymes and Lipid Profile in Men with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Ebrahimi Alireza , Azizi Mohammad , Tahmasebi Worya , Hoseini Rastegar
Published: September 2021

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of complications that are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have reported a positive effect of exercise on lipid profile and liver enzymes. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) with sodium alginate supplementation (S) on the levels of liver enzymes and lipid profile in men with MetS. Methods: This is a semi-experimental study. Forty young men with MetS volunteered and were randomly divided into five groups: HIIT+S (n = 8), HIIT (n = 8), MICT+S (n = 8), MICT (n = 8) and control (C; n = 8). Blood samples were collected after 12 hours of fasting, 48 hours before the first, and after the last training session to measure liver enzymes and lipid profile. ANOVA, t-test, and Tukey's post hoc test were employed for data analysis using SPSS version 21. Results: The results showed that after eight weeks of intervention, significant improvements were observed in lipid profile and liver enzymes in the four experimental groups. These improvements were more significant in the HIIT+S than in other groups (P < 0.05). Also, the MetS Z score decreased significantly in all experimental groups, and this decrease was significantly higher in the HIIT + S than other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Generally, the results showed that HIIT and MICT led to an overall improvement in men with MetS. However, combining sodium alginate supplementation triggers these improvements.
O Estatuto das Humanidades - O Regresso às Artes
Authors: Cerqueira Gonçalves Joaquim ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

La tâche d'unification du savoir ne s'arrête jamais. Aujourd'hui telle urgence est plus encore sensible. Pour le faire il faut prendre le savoir au sens large, sans l'identifier avec la science au sens strict. Le savoir est une action de construction du monde. Son niveau le plus radical se trouve peut-être dans l'activité artistique, vue plus du côté de la poétique que du sentiment esthétique. A ce niveau-là art et savoir, théorie et pratique, arts plastiques et Humanités se trouvent.
O Niilismo de Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Clemente Isabel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

On essaie ici de comprendre la pensée de Merleau-Ponty comme un appro fond issement de sa notion première - la perception. Cet approfondissement, dans son exigence de penser la relation du sujet de la perception avec ce qu’il peut percevoir, s’anonçant comme la "réversibilité" du schéma-corporel et des choses, réversibilité qui est elle même l’horizon d’où se détaché l’acte perceptif, amène l’auteur a l’anéantissement de la subjectivité. Le sujet radical - le schéma-corporel - est sujet dans un monde, caractérisé lui aussi comme activité de réversibilité. Ainsi, sujet e monde devenus ambigus, la pensée de Merleau-Ponty, qui dit Chair comme le dernier mot, peut bien se dire une pensée niiliste.
Criticizing Consent: A Reply to Susan Brison
Authors: Clark Miller Sarah ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

In this article I engage Susan Brison’s “What’s Consent Got to Do with It?” by offering multiple contributions regarding the limitations of the language and culture of consent. I begin by briefly appreciating what consent reveals to us morally about the harms of nonconsensual sex. I then offer five points regarding the language and culture of consent: (1) Conceptualizing rape as nonconsensual sex hides from view the moral harm of having one’s will subjugated by another. (2) The framework of consent renders women’s desires insignificant and invisible. (3) Epistemic gaslighting represents one major and underappreciated form of epistemic injustice that consent-based views of rape propagate. (4) Consent-centered accounts of sexual violence impede our ability to imagine better sexual futures. And (5) consent not only functions to normalize gender-based violence but also to normalize other forms of violence, such as those that erupt in light of race, ability, nationality, weight, and age.
Clinicopathologic Characterization of IgG4-Rich Pediatric Head and Neck Lesions
Authors: Bu Fang , Koo Selene C.
Published: September 2021

Context.—

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)–related disease is rare but well characterized in adults; however, the clinical and histologic manifestations in children may differ.

Objective.—

To review the clinical and histologic features of IgG4-rich head and neck lesions in a pediatric population.

Design.—

Retrospective search for cases with IgG4 immunohistochemical staining performed at our institution from 2011 to 2019. Review of clinical courses, serology profiles, histologic patterns, and immunohistochemical staining patterns.

Results.—

Four pediatric IgG4-rich lesions were identified and showed distinct histologic patterns from adult IgG4-related disease, including absence of pathognomonic findings associated with the latter. One case showed intralesional immunoglobulin light-chain restriction. Clinical review showed serum IgG4 elevation in 2 of 4 cases, presence of additional autoantibody positivity, and a generally benign/treatment-responsive clinical course.

Conclusions.—

Pediatric IgG4-related disease shows distinct clinical, serologic, and histologic features from its adult counterpart. Pediatric IgG4-related disease involving the orbit has unique clinical characteristics, including frequently normal serum IgG4 levels and female predominance. Awareness of and evaluation for these features may improve diagnosis and treatment.
SABOTAJE INFORMÁTICO A INFRAESTRUCTURAS CRÍTICAS: ANÁLISIS DE LA REALIDAD CRIMINAL RECOGIDA EN LOS ARTÍCULOS 264 Y 264 BIS DEL CÓDIGO PENAL. ESPECIAL REFERENCIA A SU COMISIÓN CON FINALIDAD TERRORISTA.
Authors: Gorjón Barranco María Concepción
Published: September 2021

Los datos existentes sobre ciberataques con malware destructivo, botnets y denegación de servicios, reflejan que estamos ante una nueva realidad criminal. Por eso, urge proteger los datos y sistemas informáticos, máxime cuando éstos, soportan servicios básicos para la ciudadanía como la energía, el agua, la salud, etc. Lograr este objetivo implica apostar en ciberseguridad y adoptar medidas en el ámbito legislativo. Por eso, nuestro legislador, entre otros ciberdelitos, tipificó en 2010 el sabotaje informático. Sin embargo, sin dudar de su necesidad, el reto desde la perspectiva penal, está en identificar la gravedad de esos ciberataques. Tomando en cuenta el criterio de la gravedad, haremos especial referencia en este trabajo, a aquellos que se dirigen a las infraestructuras críticas de los estados, recogido como una circunstancia agravante desde el año 2015 en los artículos 264 y 264 bis CP, así como a su comisión con finalidad terrorista del art. 573.2 CP.
Student Engagement with the “Into Math Graph" Tool
Authors: Riske Amanda K. , Cullicott Catherine E. , Mirzaei Amanda Mohammad , Jansen Amanda , Middleton James
Published: September 2021

We introduce the Into Math Graph tool, which students use to graph how “into" mathematics they are over time. Using this tool can help teachers foster conversations with students and design experiences that focus on engagement from the student’s perspective.
Psychometric properties of the Short Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version in a community sample of Spanish children and adolescents
Authors: Iniesta-Sepúlveda Marina , Rosa-Alcázar Ana I. , Ruiz-García Beatriz , López-Pina Jose A.
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fueanalizar las propiedades psicométricas del ShortLOI-CVen unamuestra españolacomunitaria.Los participantes fueron 914 niñosyadolescentescon edad mediade13.01años (varones =51.3%).ElAFE mostróun modelo de tresfactores compuesto por los dominios Obsesiones, CompulsionesyLimpieza. Tanto lapuntuación total comolas subescalas mostraron una adecuadaconsistenciainterna.Laversión española mostróbuena fiabilidad test-retestymoderada validezconvergenteydiscriminante.Los participantes más jóvenes (8a10 años) obtuvieron medias más altasquela escala Totalydistintas subescalas quelos mayores (grupo de11-13yde 14-18años). Se encontraron también diferencias significativas respecto al sexo, siendo losvarones los que mayoresmedias mostraron en laescala de compulsiones.Pese aqueesnecesariamás investigación, estos resultados sugirieron que la versión en español del ShortLOI-CV mostróun buen rendimiento psicométricos para evaluar los síntomas obsesivo-compulsivosen niñosyadolescentesen población comunitaria

The aim of the current study was to analyze psychometric properties of the Short LOI-CV in Spanish community sample. Participants were 914 children and adolescents with mean age of 13.01 years (51.3% males). An EFA yielded a three-factor model representing Obsessions, Compulsions, and Cleanliness dimensions. Both, total score and subscales showed an adequate internal consistency. The Spanish version also exhibited good test-retest reliability and moderate convergent and discriminant validity. The younger participants (from 8 to 10 years) obtained higher means for total score and subscales than older participants (groups 11-13 and 14-18 years). Significant differences related to gender were also observed since males obtained higher means in Compulsions subscale. Despite more research is required, the Spanish version of the Short LOI-CV exhibited promising psychometric results to assess obsessive-compulsive symptoms in community population.
Single-zone simulations using FaTIMA for reducing aerosol exposure in educational spaces
Authors: Ng Lisa , Poppendieck Dustin , Polidoro Brian , Dols W Stuart , Emmerich Steven , Persily Andrew
Published: September 2021

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic. Following this announcement, school closures around the United States began, and starting in June 2020, many schools decided to reopen for the next academic year or were planning to reopen. Guidance from ASHRAE and other organizations for reoccupying school buildings include wearing masks, increasing ventilation, increasing filtration, and using portable air cleaners (PAC).This report describes a simulation study that: (1) compares the relative reduction in aerosol exposure in education spaces as a result of changes to the operation of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and inclusion of non-HVAC controls (e.g., wearing of masks and operating PAC) and (2) estimates the uncertainties in effectiveness associated with these controls and combinations of controls. This analysis used Fate and Transport of Indoor Microbial Aerosols (FaTIMA), a tool developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to evaluate aerosol exposure in ventilated spaces. FaTIMA was used to model the release of biological aerosols in two classrooms and an assembly room with four different types of HVAC systems, including central air handling systems (CAHS), dedicated outdoor air systems (DOAS), terminal unit systems (TUS), and wall unit systems (WUS). Exposure was evaluated for 1 ?m particles (or aerosols) by which viruses are transported. In the classrooms, exposure was evaluated for 6 h of continuous exposure to a continuous source. In the assembly room, exposure was evaluated for 1 h of continuous exposure, where the source was present for the 5 h prior to the exposure period. For all the spaces and HVAC systems, the wearing of masks alone (assuming a protection efficiency of 25 % for both intake and exhalation) reduced exposure by 44 % relative to the base cases without masks. Masks with higher protection efficiencies (85 % to 90 %) reduced exposure 99 %, and masks with lower protection efficiencies reduced exposure 15 %. Masks with inhalation and exhalation protection efficiencies of 25 % combined with MERV 13 filtration in the HVAC systems reduced exposure by an average 71 % for the CAHS, DOAS, and TUS. For the CAHS, these masks combined with 100 % outdoor air (OA) intake reduced exposure by an average of 70 %. Using either a 297 clean air delivery rate (CADR) PAC or a 569 L?s-1 (1?200 cfm) exhaust fan with these masks, exposure was reduced by an average of 68 %. Combining all these controls, exposure was reduced by an average of 85 % assuming all controls were performing as intended. The results of this analysis may be useful in the selection of control options in educational facilities.
Det mystiske X. Rekonstruktionen af tabte identiteter
Authors: Bojlén Benedicte
Published: September 2021

The article describes the methodological development of Identification in forensic medicine, thereby sketching out the historical interconnection between art, medicine and anthropology. Social anthropology usually understands personal identity as a person’s sense of belonging to a certain group on various grounds. Physical anthropology, on the other hand, understands personal identity as identification. The reconstruction of a person’s identity from bodily remains can be done only with help of measurements and use of “scientific” systems for classification of humans. The article shows these systems as cultural constructs. Also artists are sometimes called in to help reconstruct a human face for identification. Like natural scientists, artists have systems of signs - only they seem to escape conscious classifications, putting science in a dilemma. The continued use of medical artists and computerised “phantom” images when constructing a hypothetical identity, urges the author to recommend further research into the semiotics of art and science, especially with the regard to culturally determined ways of seeing, measuring and classifying.
Diskurser om defekte kroppe
Authors: Whyte Susan Reynolds
Published: September 2021

The notion of discourse is useful in examining the various ways in which impairments of the body are construed. In the last several hundred years of Western history, bodily difference has been the object of Christian charity, pedagogy, medical classification and rehabilitation. The article reviews these shifts in discourse and points to some fundamental assumptions about difference in Euro-American culture. In non-Westem cultures, discourses on bodily anomalies can also be traced. However, discourse analysis of the Foucaultian variety
Kathleen Adler & Marcia Pointon (eds.): The Body Imaged: The Human Form and Visual Culture in the Renaissance
Authors: Knudsen Anne
Published: September 2021

Kathleen Adler & Marcia Pointon (eds.): The Body Imaged: The Human Form and Visual Culture in the Renaissance

Anmeldes af Anne Knudsen
Hanne Veber, Jens Dahl, Fiona Wilson & Esben Wæhle (eds): "...NEVER DRINK FROM THE SAME CUP": Proceedings of the Conference on Indigenous Peoples in Africa
Authors: Kanyinga Karuti
Published: September 2021

Hanne Veber, Jens Dahl, Fiona Wilson & Esben Wæhle (eds): "...NEVER DRINK FROM THE SAME CUP": Proceedings of the Conference on Indigenous Peoples in Africa

Anmeldes af Karuti Kanyinga
Séverine Labat: Les islamistes algériens: Entre les urnes et le maquis.
Authors: Schade-Poulsen Marc
Published: September 2021

Anmeldes af Marc Schade-Poulsen
Dystopolis. Militariseringen af urbane politiindsatser og politiske forestillinger i Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Larsen Marcus Ferreira
Published: September 2021

Dystopolis. Militariseringen af urbane politiindsatser og politiske forestillinger i Rio de Janeiro
English summaries
Authors: Redaktionen TA
Published: September 2021

English summaries
A case of an unruptured duplicated middle cerebral artery aneurysm–An unusual presentation of the distal internal carotid artery aneurysm
Authors: Oh Bu Kwang , Kim Young Ha , Kim Chang Hyeun , Lee Sang Weon , Sung Soon Ki , Song Geun Sung
Published: September 2021

The duplicated middle cerebral artery (DMCA) is an anatomic variation that arises from the distal internal carotid artery (ICA) and supplies blood to the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. Aneurysms of the DMCA have been reported in 36 cases in 2020. We also report a case of a 3.7 mm saccular aneurysm originating from the DMCA. A 52-year-old woman visited our hospital with worsening headache. She had no neurological abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed a right distal ICA aneurysm at the anterior choroidal artery. Cerebral angiography was performed to confirm the shape and the size of the aneurysm. Cerebral angiography revealed that the vessel that was originally identified as the anterior choroidal artery by the MRA was actually the duplicated MCA that was originating from the aneurysm neck and was supplying the MCA territory. The patient’s aneurysm was clipped using a transsylvian approach and she recovered without any neurological symptoms. DMCAs are rare and often associated with aneurysms and require preoperative evaluation to confirm the vascular status, aneurysm characteristics, and the shape of the parent artery.
Theoretical model and tunability optimization of magnetoelectric voltage tunable inductor
Authors: Nie Chang-Wen , Wu Han-Zhou , Wang Shu-Hao , Cai Yuan-Yuan , Song Shu , Sokolov Oleg , Bichurin M. I. , Wang Yao-Jin ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China,   Department of Engineering Physics, Novgorod State University, Novgorod 173003, Russia
Published: September 2021

Magnetoelectric voltage tunable inductor (ME-VTI) realizes the modulation of electric field to inductance based on magnetoelectric effect. Compared with other adjustable inductors, it has the advantages of low energy consumption, small volume, large tunability and continuity. However, previous reports on ME-VTI mainly focused on structure and magnetostrictive materials, resulting in the complexity of inductor structure and slight improvement of tunability. This study focuses on the influence of field-induced strain in piezoelectric materials on inductance tunability by constructing a theoretical model. The magnetoelectric laminate of Metglas/ PMN-PT single crystal /Metglas is employed as a magnetic core to design ME-VTI. The tunability is as high as 680% at 1 kHz, which is over 2.4 times larger than that of the Metglas/PZT/Metglas magnetic core. The quality factor of the PMN-PT based ME laminate reaches 15.6, which is 2.8 times higher than that of the PZT-based one. The proposed PMN-PT based ME-VTI provides an alternative approach for developing the integrated and miniaturized devices, and has an important prospect of application in the field of power electronics.
A note on the polynomial-exponential Diophantine equation (a^n − 1)(b^n − 1) = x^2
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Fujita Yasutsugu , Le Maohua ,   Institute of Mathematics, Lingnan Normal College
Published: September 2021

For any positive integer t, let ord_2 t denote the order of 2 in the factorization of t. Let a,\,b be two distinct fixed positive integers with \min\{a,b\}>1. In this paper, using some elementary number theory methods, the existence of positive integer solutions (x,n) of the polynomial-exponential Diophantine equation (*) (a^n-1)(b^n-1)=x^2 with n>2 is discussed. We prove that if \{a,b\}\ne \{13,239\} and ord_2(a^2-1)\ne ord_2(b^2-1), then (*) has no solutions (x,n) with 2\mid n. Thus it can be seen that if \{a,b\}\equiv \{3,7\},\{3,15\},\{7,11\},\{7,15\} or \{11,15\} \pmod{16}, where \{a,b\} \equiv \{a_0,b_0\} \pmod{16} means either a \equiv a_0 \pmod{16} and b \equiv b_0\pmod{16} or a\equiv b_0 \pmod{16} and b\equiv a_0 \pmod{16}, then (*) has no solutions (x,n).
On some 3 × 3 dimensional matrices associated with generalized Fibonacci numbers
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University of Sakarya, Özdemir Halim , Karakaya Sinan ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Sakarya, Petik Tuğba ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Sakarya
Published: September 2021

In this work, it is presented a procedure to find some 3 × 3 dimensional matrices whose integer powers can be characterized by generalized Fibonacci numbers. Moreover, some numerical examples are given to exemplify the procedure established.
De Moivre-type identities for the Jacobsthal numbers
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Beykent University, Akbiyik Mücahit , Akbiyik Seda Yamaç ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Gelisim University
Published: September 2021

The main aim of this study is to obtain De Moivre-type identities for Jacobsthal numbers. Also, this paper presents a method for constructing the second order Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal third-order numbers and the third-order Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal–Lucas numbers. Moreover, we give some interesting identities, such as Binet’s formulas for some specific third-order Jacobsthal numbers that we derive from De Moivre-type identities.
Treatment of Nonhealing Diabetic Foot Wounds with Vaporous Hyperoxia Therapy in Conjunction with Standard Wound Care
Authors: Kruse Dustin , Morgan Kenneth , Christensen Jeremy , Derner Brian S. , Sachs Brett
Published: September 2021

Background: Vaporous hyperoxia therapy (VHT), a patented US Food and Drug Administration 510 (k)–cleared technology, is an adjunct therapy used in conjunction with standard wound care (SWC). Vaporous hyperoxia therapy is said to improve the health of wounded tissue by administering a low-frequency, noncontact, nonthermal, ionic, antimicrobial hydrating mist alternating with concentrated topical oxygen therapy.

Methods: Vaporous hyperoxia therapy was used to treat 36 subjects with chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) that were previously treated unsuccessfully with SWC. The average age of DFUs in the study was 11 months and the average size was over 3 cm2. Wounds were Wagner grade 2 or 3 and most commonly on the plantar surface around the midfoot. Treatment consisted of twice-weekly applications of VHT and wound debridement. Subjects were followed to wound closure, 20 weeks, or 40 treatments, whichever came first.

Results: The combination of SWC and VHT in the group that met and maintained compliance throughout the study period achieved an 83% DFU closure rate within a 20-week period. The average time for DFU closure in this study was 9.4 weeks.

Conclusions: Historical analysis of SWC shows a 30.9% healing rate of all wounds, not differentiating chronic wounds. Accordingly, SWC/VHT increases chronic diabetic foot ulcer healing rates by 2.85 times compared with SWC alone. The purpose of this study was two-fold: first, to observe the effect of VHT on healing rates and time to healing in previously nonhealing DFUs; and second, to compare VHT with SWC, topical oxygen therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and ultrasound therapy.
L-DOPA modulates activity in the vmPFC, nucleus accumbens, and VTA during threat extinction learning in humans
Authors: Esser Roland , Korn Christoph W , Ganzer Florian , Haaker Jan
Published: September 2021

Learning to be safe is central for adaptive behaviour when threats are no longer present. Detecting the absence of an expected threat is key for threat extinction learning and an essential process for the behavioural treatment of anxiety-related disorders. One possible mechanism underlying extinction learning is a dopaminergic mismatch signal that encodes the absence of an expected threat. Here we show that such a dopamine-related pathway underlies extinction learning in humans. Dopaminergic enhancement via administration of L-DOPA (vs. Placebo) was associated with reduced retention of differential psychophysiological threat responses at later test, which was mediated by activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex that was specific to extinction learning. L-DOPA administration enhanced signals at the time-point of an expected, but omitted threat in extinction learning within the nucleus accumbens, which were functionally coupled with the ventral tegmental area and the amygdala. Computational modelling of threat expectancies further revealed prediction error encoding in nucleus accumbens that was reduced when L-DOPA was administered. Our results thereby provide evidence that extinction learning is influenced by L-DOPA and provide a mechanistic perspective to augment extinction learning by dopaminergic enhancement in humans.
Neuronal regulated ire-1-dependent mRNA decay controls germline differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Levi-Ferber Mor , Shalash Rewayd , Le-Thomas Adrien , Salzberg Yehuda , Shurgi Maor , Benichou Jennifer IC , Ashkenazi Avi , Henis-Korenblit Sivan
Published: September 2021

Understanding the molecular events that regulate cell pluripotency versus acquisition of differentiated somatic cell fate is fundamentally important. Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrate that knockout of the germline-specific translation repressor gld-1 causes germ cells within tumorous gonads to form germline-derived teratoma. Previously we demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress enhances this phenotype to suppress germline tumor progression(Levi-Ferber et al., 2015). Here, we identify a neuronal circuit that non-autonomously suppresses germline differentiation and show that it communicates with the gonad via the neurotransmitter serotonin to limit somatic differentiation of the tumorous germline. ER stress controls this circuit through regulated inositol requiring enzyme-1 (IRE-1)-dependent mRNA decay of transcripts encoding the neuropeptide FLP-6. Depletion of FLP-6 disrupts the circuit’s integrity and hence its ability to prevent somatic-fate acquisition by germline tumor cells. Our findings reveal mechanistically how ER stress enhances ectopic germline differentiation and demonstrate that regulated Ire1-dependent decay can affect animal physiology by controlling a specific neuronal circuit.
Functional independence of endogenous μ- and δ-opioid receptors co-expressed in cholinergic interneurons
Authors: Arttamangkul Seksiri , Platt Emily J , Carroll James , Farrens David
Published: September 2021

Class A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) normally function as monomers, although evidence from heterologous expression systems suggests that they may sometimes form homodimers and/or heterodimers. This study aims to evaluate possible functional interplay of endogenous µ- and δ-opioid receptors (MORs and DORs) in mouse neurons. Detecting GPCR dimers in native tissues, however, has been challenging. Previously, MORs and DORs co-expressed in transfected cells have been reported to form heterodimers, and their possible co-localization in neurons has been studied in knock-in mice expressing genetically engineered receptors fused to fluorescent proteins. Here, we find that single cholinergic neurons in the mouse striatum endogenously express both MORs and DORs. The receptors on neurons from live brain slices were fluorescently labeled with a ligand-directed labeling reagent, NAI-A594. The selective activation of MORs and DORs, with DAMGO (µ-agonist) and deltorphin (δ-agonist) inhibited spontaneous firing in all cells examined. In the continued presence of agonist, the firing rate returned to baseline as the result of receptor desensitization with the application of deltorphin but was less observed with the application of DAMGO. In addition, agonist-induced internalization of DORs but not MORs was detected. When MORs and DORs were activated simultaneously with [Met5]-enkephalin, desensitization of MORs was facilitated but internalization was not increased. Together, these results indicate that while MORs and DORs are expressed in single striatal cholinergic interneurons, the two receptors function independently.
Classification and genetic targeting of cell types in the primary taste and premotor center of the adult Drosophila brain
Authors: Sterne Gabriella R , Otsuna Hideo , Dickson Barry J , Scott Kristin
Published: September 2021

Neural circuits carry out complex computations that allow animals to evaluate food, select mates, move toward attractive stimuli, and move away from threats. In insects, the subesophageal zone (SEZ) is a brain region that receives gustatory, pheromonal, and mechanosensory inputs and contributes to the control of diverse behaviors, including feeding, grooming, and locomotion. Despite its importance in sensorimotor transformations, the study of SEZ circuits has been hindered by limited knowledge of the underlying diversity of SEZ neurons. Here, we generate a collection of split-GAL4 lines that provides precise genetic targeting of 138 different SEZ cell types in adult Drosophila melanogaster, comprising approximately one third of all SEZ neurons. We characterize the single-cell anatomy of these neurons and find that they cluster by morphology into six supergroups that organize the SEZ into discrete anatomical domains. We find that the majority of local SEZ interneurons are not classically polarized, suggesting rich local processing, whereas SEZ projection neurons tend to be classically polarized, conveying information to a limited number of higher brain regions. This study provides insight into the anatomical organization of the SEZ and generates resources that will facilitate further study of SEZ neurons and their contributions to sensory processing and behavior.
Síndrome de Ramsay-Hunt: a propósito de dos casos en que se identificó el genoma del virus de la varicela-zóster en líquido cefalorraquídeo
Authors: Corti Marcelo , Villafañe María F. , Correa Jorge
Published: September 2021

Como los otros herpesvirus alfa, el virus de la varicela-zóster (VZV) permanece en estado de latencia en los ganglios neurales después de la infección primaria (varicela). La reactivación de una infección latente por VZV en los ganglios de la raíz dorsal, produce el herpes zóster. La erupción que este provoca se caracteriza por lesiones cutáneas metaméricas que se acompañan de dolor neurítico y comprometen con mayor frecuencia a ancianos y sujetos inmunocomprometidos, en especial, aquellos infectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV).Las complicaciones que se observan en esta población de pacientes incluyen neumonía, hepatitis y compromiso del sistema nervioso central (meningitis y encefalitis). Varios síndromes clínicos se asocian con el herpes zóster de localización craneal, incluida la parálisis facial periférica y el síndrome de Ramsay-Hunt, el cual constituye la segunda causa de parálisis facial periférica y tiene una gran variedad de presentaciones clínicas. La parálisis facial se presenta en 60 a 90 % de los casos de síndrome de Ramsay-Hunt, puede preceder o aparecer después de las lesiones cutáneas y tiene peor pronóstico que la parálisis de Bell.Se describen aquí dos casos de herpes zóster del ganglio geniculado, con parálisis facial periférica que coincidió con la aparición de las lesiones cutáneas vesiculosas en el conducto auditivo externo y el pabellón auricular (síndrome de Ramsay-Hunt multimetamérico). En ambos casos, se identificó el genoma del VZV mediante PCR en el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR).
Inclusión de estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales en contexto rural
Authors:   Magister en Trabajo Social, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Hernández Cortés Giovanna , Rasse Figueroa Alejandra ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: September 2021

Durante los últimos años, la inclusión escolar ha sido objeto de múltiples estudios y políticas públicas. No obstante, es habitual ver que se trabaja sobre el supuesto de escuelas con características urbanas, con estudiantes diferenciados por niveles, y en las que existe, en alguna medida, una comunidad pedagógica que posibilita el apoyo en el aula y la reflexión docente. Esto deja fuera del foco de la discusión sobre inclusión a la escuela rural multigrado. A través de un estudio de caso cualitativo, este artículo analiza la forma en que las escuelas rurales multigrado de una comuna del norte chico de Chile abordan la inclusión de estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales. Los resultados muestran que la aplicación de políticas con enfoque urbano en sectores rurales generan diversas problemáticas y profundizan las desigualdades territoriales, y revelan hitos críticos necesarios de ser abordados: la integralidad de la inclusión, la continuidad de los procesos inclusivos, y los momentos de egreso y transición escolar.
Vehicle collisions and dog attacks on Victorian koalas as evidenced by a retrospective analysis of sightings and admission records 1997 – 2011
Authors: Schlagloth Rolf , Santamaria Flavia , Melzer Alistair , Keatley Marie R. , Houston Wayne
Published: September 2021

Koalas moving across open ground risk dog attacks and collisions with vehicles when crossings roads. Historical records from a resident survey, two regional wildlife carers and a state government department wildlife shelter returns database for Victoria, Australia, were examined to determine the importance of certain admission types. Koala Vehicle Collisions (KVCs) and dog attacks were important contributors to the overall intake of injured koalas. However, KVCs were the most numerous recorded cause of koalas entering a wildlife shelter, and the most frequently assigned cause of death. There were relatively high rates of admission into care, and of death, for male koalas. Furthermore, almost twice as many individuals were admitted during the breeding season; sex ratio was not a differentiating characteristic of road-kills between breeding and non-breeding seasons, or by individual months. Comprehensive, accurate and detailed data gathering are essential for effective evaluation of the success of rehabilitation and release, as well as post release survival rates. This, together with population studies would determine whether admission rates reflect the sex ratio of local populations, and whether the high number of injured or killed females has an impact on their viability. Analyses of wildlife carer databases have great potential for decision making in koala conservation.
Critical Analysis of Corneal Cross-linking (Part-II): Resolving the Controversial Issues (Theory versus Measurements)
Authors: Lin Jui-Teng
Published: September 2021

Aims: To resolve the controversial issues of UV-light-initiated corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) by theoretical formulas and measured clinical outcomes.

Study Design:  Analysis and measured data of CXL.

Place and Duration of Study: New Vision Inc, Taipei, between June 2021 and August 2021.

Methodology: The controversial issues are addressed and resolved by analytical formulas including: the validation of Bunsen Roscoe law (BRL), the cutoff light intensity, the minimum corneal thickness, the demarcation line depth, the role of oxygen and riboflavin concentration. The overall CXL efficacy is governed by UV-A light intensity, dose, exposure time, mode of exposure (pulsed or CW), the riboflavin concentration, diffusion and drops pre-operation and interoperation administration, the concentration of oxygen in the stromal tissue (pre-op and inter-op), and environmental conditions. The length of the riboflavin presoaking time and viscosity of the riboflavin film also affect the crosslink depth. Analytic formulas are derived for the scaling laws for type-I and type-II efficacy, given by the square root of light intensity, and light dose, respectively.

Conclusion: The controversial issues of CXL may be partially resolved via analytic formulas, and compared with measurements. The scaling laws of type-I and type-II efficacy are different and given by analytic formulas. Our formulas also predict the maximum light intensity and the minimum corneal thickness, which are consistent with measurements.
Mobile application resources to selfcare and selfmanagement of type i diabetes mellitus: integrative review / Recursos de aplicativos móveis para autocuidado e autogerenciamento do diabetes mellitus tipo i: revisão integrativa
Authors: Scaratti Maira , Argenta Carla , Xavier de Almeida William , Argenta Zanatta Elisangela
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: identificar os recursos disponíveis em aplicativos móveis que favoreçam o autocuidado e o autogerenciamento do Diabetes Mellitus tipo I. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados: BVS, PubMed e Scopus, com os descritores Diabetes Mellitus AND Aplicativos móveis, nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês. Resultados: foram analisados 16 artigos e neles identificados os principais recursos para o autocuidado e o autogerenciamento do Diabetes Mellitus tipo I: glicosímetro, diário digital de diabetes, ações corretivas de glicose, controle alimentar e comunicação entre usuário e profissional de saúde e usuário com seus pares. Conclusões: evidenciou-se a escassez de estudos cujo público alvo são pessoas que convivem com Diabetes Mellitus tipo I. Os resultados indicam que os recursos identificados nos aplicativos para dispositivos móveis auxiliam os indivíduos com Diabetes Mellitus tipo I no autocuidado e autogerenciamento da doença.
Polypharmacy in the elderly: a review of the literature / Polifarmácia em idosos: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Marques Priscila de Paula , Francisco Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo , D´Elboux Maria José
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: identificar na literatura científica, entre os anos de 2016 e 2018, estudos sobre a polifarmácia em idosos residentes na comunidade. Métodos: revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados PUBMED, BVS/BIREME, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENSE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library e CINAHL. Resultados: dezesseis artigos foram selecionados para esta revisão. Quanto ao do uso de medicamentos por idosos residentes na comunidade, os estudos apresentaram a prevalência de uso, características e fatores associados à polifarmácia nos idosos; conhecimento adequado dos medicamentos prescritos; e uso dos medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados. Conclusão: a identificação do uso de medicamentos nos idosos aponta para a necessidade de melhor comunicação entre profissionais e pacientes, incentivar o autocuidado, minimizar o risco de complicações, prevenir iatrogenias e hospitalizações, assim como, reduzir a mortalidade em idosos por uso impróprio de medicamentos.
Knowledge of nursing professionals about sexual violence against adolescents / Conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre a violência sexual contra o adolescente
Authors: Alves Barreto Amanda , Peres Ellen Márcia , Ferraz Gomes Helena , Carvalho Leite Dayana , Ferreira Barreto Pires Bruna Maiara , Da Silva Thiengo Andrade Priscila Cristina
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: desvelar o conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre violência sexual contra o adolescente. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, utilizando entrevista com perguntas semiestruturadas, realizada em uma enfermaria especializada em saúde do adolescente no Rio de Janeiro, no período de maio a agosto de 2018, com 17 profissionais de enfermagem. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias temáticas relacionadas com a compreensão da violência sexual contra o adolescente e, as ações e condutas profissionais diante da violência sexual contra o adolescente. Conclusão: Conclui-se que há uma necessidade de capacitação dos profissionais de enfermagem relacionada a violência sexual contra o adolescente em decorrência da falta de conhecimento mais denso sobre a temática.
Probing DNA ‐ Transcription Factor Interactions Using Single‐Molecule Fluorescence Detection in Nanofluidic Devices
Authors: Fontana Mattia , Ivanovaitė Šarunė , Lindhoud Simon , van der Wijk Elmar , Mathwig Klaus , Berg Willy van den , Weijers Dolf , Hohlbein Johannes
Published: September 2021

Single‐molecule fluorescence detection offers powerful ways to study biomolecules and their complex interactions. Here, nanofluidic devices and camera‐based, single‐molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) detection are combined to study the interactions between plant transcription factors of the auxin response factor (ARF) family and DNA oligonucleotides that contain target DNA response elements. In particular, it is shown that the binding of the unlabeled ARF DNA binding domain (ARF‐DBD) to donor and acceptor labeled DNA oligonucleotides can be detected by changes in the FRET efficiency and changes in the diffusion coefficient of the DNA. In addition, this data on fluorescently labeled ARF‐DBDs suggest that, at nanomolar concentrations, ARF‐DBDs are exclusively present as monomers. In general, the fluidic framework of freely diffusing molecules minimizes potential surface‐induced artifacts, enables high‐throughput measurements, and proved to be instrumental in shedding more light on the interactions between ARF‐DBDs monomers and between ARF‐DBDs and their DNA response element.
Polymer Composite Sponges with Inherent Antibacterial, Hemostatic, Inflammation‐Modulating and Proregenerative Performances for Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus‐Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Liu Wenshuai , Yang Chunfang , Gao Rui , Zhang Chao , Ou‐Yang Wenbin , Feng Zujian , Zhang Chuangnian , Pan Xiangbin , Huang Pingsheng , Kong Deling , Wang Weiwei
Published: September 2021

Clinical wound management remains a major challenge due to massive bleeding, bacterial infection, and difficult wound healing after tissue trauma. To simultaneously address these issues, composite polymer sponges for accelerating drug‐resistant bacterial infected wound healing are fabricated by facilely mixing sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), double quaternary ammonium salts‐conjugated chitosan (QAS‐CS), and collagen (COL) in aqueous solution, followed by lyophilization. Composite sponges (PAAS/QAS‐CS/COL, PQC) show highly porous microstructures (porosity ≈90%) with moderate compress modulus (≈0.3 MPa), tensile strength (0.004 MPa), and high swelling ratio (≈3500%). Importantly, PQC sponge demonstrates superior hemostasis ability over commercially available CS sponge by inducing rapid hemagglutination, and exhibits significantly better antibacterial activity against both methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli by destroying cell membrane and causing the leakage of bioactive components such as potassium ion and β‐galactosidase from treated bacterial. Furthermore, PQC sponge can efficiently promote cell proliferation. Significantly, the sponge greatly expedites the regeneration of MRSA‐infected full‐thickness skin wound in rabbit by successfully eradicating bacterial infection, and reducing inflammation. PQC sponge also improves both early angiogenesis and blood vessel maturation at the wound site. Overall, this multifunctional sponge is a promising wound dressing for clinical use and holds great potential for rapid clinical translation.
Controlling Liquid Crystal Orientations for Programmable Anisotropic Transformations in Cellular Microstructures
Authors: Li Shucong , Librandi Gabriele , Yao Yuxing , Richard Austin J. , Schneider‐Yamamura Alyssha , Aizenberg Joanna , Bertoldi Katia
Published: September 2021

Geometric reconfigurations in cellular structures have recently been exploited to realize adaptive materials with applications in mechanics, optics, and electronics. However, the achievable symmetry breakings and corresponding types of deformation and related functionalities have remained rather limited, mostly due to the fact that the macroscopic geometry of the structures is generally co‐aligned with the molecular anisotropy of the constituent material. To address this limitation, cellular microstructures are fabricated out of liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) with an arbitrary, user‐defined liquid crystal (LC) mesogen orientation encrypted by a weak magnetic field. This platform enables anisotropy to be programmed independently at the molecular and structural levels and the realization of unprecedented director‐determined symmetry breakings in cellular materials, which are demonstrated by both finite element analyses and experiments. It is illustrated that the resulting mechanical reconfigurations can be harnessed to program microcellular materials with switchable and direction‐dependent frictional properties and further exploit ”area‐specific” deformation patterns to locally modulate transmitted light and precisely guide object movement. As such, the work provides a clear route to decouple anisotropy at the materials level from the directionality of the macroscopic cellular structure, which may lead to a new generation of smart and adaptive materials and devices.
High‐Performance X‐Ray Detector Based on Liquid Diffused Separation Induced Cs3Bi2I9 Single Crystal
Authors: Wei Shunyong , Tie Shujie , Shen Kai , Zeng Tixian , Zou Jihua , Huang Yixuan , Sun Hui , Luo Lingzhi , Zhou Xiangyu , Ren Aobo , Zheng Xiaojia , Zhao Dewei , Wu Jiang
Published: September 2021

The recently demonstrated Cs3Bi2I9 single crystals (SCs) exhibit superior performance for X‐ray detection. More importantly, they do not contain any toxic lead element. However, compared with lead‐halide perovskites, one challenge for the Cs3Bi2I9 SC for X‐ray detection application is that it is difficult to prepare large‐sized and high‐quality SCs. Here, a liquid diffused separation induced crystallization (LDSC) method is employed to grow Cs3Bi2I9 SCs for eliminating the temperature fluctuation and convection currents caused by the thermal gradient in the growth solution. The resultant Cs3Bi2I9 SC exhibits a microstrain of 1.21 × 10–3, a resistivity of 1.12 × 109 Ω cm, a carrier mobility of 4.57 cm2 V–1 s–1, and a mobility‐lifetime product of 1.87 × 10–3 cm2 V–1. As a result, an X‐ray detector based on the high‐quality Cs3Bi2I9 SC exhibits an excellent dose rate linearity, a sensitivity of 964 µC Gyair–1 cm–2, and a limit of detection (LoD) of 44.6 nGyair s–1.
Abstraction, validation, and generalization for explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Yang Scott Cheng‐Hsin , Folke Tomas , Shafto Patrick
Published: September 2021

Neural network architectures are achieving superhuman performance on an expanding range of tasks. To effectively and safely deploy these systems, their decision‐making must be understandable to a wide range of stakeholders. Methods to explain artificial intelligence (AI) have been proposed to answer this challenge, but a lack of theory impedes the development of systematic abstractions, which are necessary for cumulative knowledge gains. We propose Bayesian Teaching as a framework for unifying explainable AI (XAI) by integrating machine learning and human learning. Bayesian Teaching formalizes explanation as a communication act of an explainer to shift the beliefs of an explainee. This formalization decomposes a wide range of XAI methods into four components: (a) the target inference, (b) the explanation, (c) the explainee model, and (d) the explainer model. The abstraction afforded by Bayesian Teaching to decompose XAI methods elucidates the invariances among them. The decomposition of XAI systems enables modular validation, as each of the first three components listed can be tested semi‐independently. This decomposition also promotes generalization through recombination of components from different XAI systems, which facilitates the generation of novel variants. These new variants need not be evaluated one by one provided that each component has been validated, leading to an exponential decrease in development time. Finally, by making the goal of explanation explicit, Bayesian Teaching helps developers to assess how suitable an XAI system is for its intended real‐world use case. Thus, Bayesian Teaching provides a theoretical framework that encourages systematic, scientific investigation of XAI.