bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La apuesta de la fenomenología existencial y el surgimiento de la crítica filosófica en América Latina
Authors: Pérez Soriano Francisco
Published: November 2022

A partir de las primeras décadas del siglo XX, en Hispanoamérica, los cauces que abre la recepción de la fenomenología, particularmente en México y Argentina, gravitaron de manera significativa en la comprensión de la cultura y el valor de pensarse como latinoamericano. Con la apertura de los más diversos campos del saber contemporáneo, lo novedoso de lo que acontece en el ámbito de las humanidades, fue que ello sirvió de base para combatir no sólo determinados sesgos del cientificismo positivista sino, para volverse hacia sí mismo y comenzar a examinar los desatinos tanto de la tradición conservadora como de la liberal y, de esa manera, forjar nuevos caminos en el ámbito del saber filosófico y el conocimiento de lo propio. Es así como, en el marco de esta recepción que impulsó la generación de «los forjadores», toma perfil una vertiente de carácter fenomenológico-existencial. En el surgimiento de esta expresión crítica, dos fenómenos confluyen de manera decisiva: las dramáticas circunstancias político-sociales y la contrariedad que generaba a la vez la tensión entre dos horizontes culturales diferentes: el moderno y el ancestral. De ahí que, de la consideración de sí mismo y la propia condición existencial, surjan inquietantes atisbos sobre lo que se es como sujeto y, por ende, sobre las nociones heredadas.
Influence of social media use on micro-level social capital among students of University of Ibadan
Authors: Ajayi Tolulope Ayodele , Adinlewa Toyin
Published: November 2022

Scholars have argued on the possibility of social media use to increase and/or decrease social capital—a term that refers to benefits derived from social relationships and interactions at the individual level only, especially among university students. Therefore, this study examined the association between social media use and three subtypes (bonding, bridging, and maintained) of social capital among students of the University of Ibadan (UI), who have access to and belong to at least a social networking sites (focusing on Facebook and Twitter). Uses and Gratification Theory was adopted as the theoretical framework. The study deployed both quantitative and qualitative approaches by adopting a survey and Focus Group Discussion methods. The questionnaire and FGD guide were the instruments of data collection. Two hundred and seventy (270) constituted the sample size—two hundred and forty-three (243) participated in the survey, while 27 participants joined in the FGD sessions. The research adopted stratified, simple random, and purposive sampling techniques. Findings revealed a strong positive connection between the use of social media and bridging and bonding social capital but with lesser influence on bonding social capital as connections with close friends is less sensitive to the amount of communication when compared to bridging social capital. However, no connection among social media use and maintained social capital. Certain activities like directed communication and consumption on these platforms contribute to micro-level social capital. It is recommended that young adults should maximise the potentials of these social media platforms to accrue social benefits from their interactions with friends and families online.
The Incidence of Crime and Implications for Crime Management in the Wa Municipality of the Upper West Region, Ghana
Authors: Okoro John Peter , Derbile Emmanuel Kanchebe , Anzagra Lea
Published: November 2022

Informed by the Broken Window Theory, this study investigated the incidence of crime in the Wa Municipality of Ghana and its implications for policy and crime management planning. The study employed an exploratory sequential mixed method for data collection in four communities within the Wa Municipality, namely, Dondoli, Bamahu, Mangu, and Kumbiehe. The methods of data collection included Focus Group Discussion (FDGs), Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and a Survey of 180 households. The result showed that stealing (theft), burglary, robbery, banditry and illegal abortion were the common crimes in the Municipality. For crime management planning, the study recommends that community participation should be strengthened through revitalization of Neighbourhood Watch Committees (NWC) in the communities for effective crime prevention and management.
Mobile devices as tools for implementing digital classroom in Nigeria
Authors: Olebara Comfort Chinaza
Published: November 2022

The use of Internet ready mobile devices such as mobile phones, tablets and laptop computers has made access to information readily available to users of such devices. Since the privatization of the telecommunication industry in Nigeria, competition amongst the telecom companies has led to a drop in the cost of internet resources. This, with the influx of low-cost and fairly-used mobile devices from overseas, has made it possible for many Nigerians to own internet-ready mobile devices. The objective of this study to leverage undergraduates’ love for technology, to improve their participation in academic activities, and in turn increase Return On Investment (ROI), through producing graduates with technological skill. To achieve this, Some of the Courses presently in the students’ curriculum were taught using android and iOS mobile apps, and course group platforms were created using WhatsApp or Telegram, depending on class size. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used to assess the undergraduates’ readiness to welcome the innovation of digital learning, the result showed no significant relationship between students’ love for technology and their ability to learn academic content. The second hypothesis tested if the use of mobile-based applications for learning affects students’ skill acquisition level. The result of this test showed that there is a statistically significant relationship, and that there exists a positive relationship between high mobile learning and skill acquisition., however, the results obtained from the two hypotheses suggest that blending Mobile device-based teaching into the present traditional mode in the absence of equipped computer laboratories is the more accepted learning method.
Phonemic substitutions in the English-Tiv loan phonology
Authors: Aor Terfa
Published: November 2022

All living languages borrows new words to enrich their own languages. Tiv language has borrowed a lot of loan words from the English language as a result of language contact. This paper analyses phonemic substitutions in the English-Tiv loan phonology. The main objectives of this study are to discuss vowel and consonant substitutions in the English-Tiv loan phonology and to state the implications of English-Tiv loan phonology in the study of the Tiv grammar. This study adopts LaCharite & Paradis’ (2005) phonological Repair Model and Calabrese Andrea’s (2009) Acoustic Approximation Model. The author used both primary and secondary sources in this study. Under primary sources, the researcher compiled the list of English-Tiv loan words through the participant-observer method, and the secondary sources were obtained from journal articles, textbooks, and dictionaries. From this study, the following observations were made: that English-Tiv loan phonology leads to coda declusterisation. Tiv phonology does not have /θ/, /ð/, /ʒ/, /ʌ/ and /ə/ phonemes; so the said phonemes are being replaced by /t/, /d/, /ʃ/, /ɔ:/ and /æ/. It has been discovered that some loan words maintain their original spellings but have different pronunciations. This paper is an advancement of scholarship on phonemic substitutions in the English-Tiv loan phonology, making it an important addition to secondary sources of data on the critical reception of English-Tiv loan words and promoting the Tiv language within and beyond the academic cycle.
Penyuluhan Kesehatan dan Pendampingan Perawatan Payudara Pada Ibu Nifas Di Kelurahan Oluhuta Kecamatan Kabila Kabupaten Bonebolango
Authors: Lasanuddin Hamna Vonny , Ilham Rosmin , Jusni Jusni , Arfiani Arfiani
Published: November 2022

Pemberian ASI eksklusif sangat bermanfaat bagi bayi dan ibu, demi kelancaran proses menyusui, sangat penting bagi ibu melakukan perawatan payudara setelah proses persalinan. Kegiatan edukasi kesehatan dan pendampingan  perawatan payudara pada ibu nifas di Kelurahan Oluhuta Kecamatan Kabila  Kabupaten Bonebolango bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu nifas tentang perawatan payudara pada ibu nifas. Perawatan payudara selama persalinan adalah salah satu bagian penting yang harus diperhatikan dalam pemberian air susu ibu (ASI). Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan cara memberikan informasi tentang perawatan payudara dan pendampingan cara melakukan perawatan payudara dengan jumlah peserta sebanyak 5 orang. Pengabdian masyarakat ini menggunakan metode teknik komunikatif dengan tiga pendekatan yaitu ceramah, demonstrasi, tanya jawab dan diskusi. Hasil dari penyuluhan perawatan payudara sangat bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan ibu nifas. Hasil evaluasi selama proses kegiatan berlangsung didapatkan ibu nifas telah paham dan tahu bagaimana cara melakukan perawatan payudara yang baik dan benar.  Dengan adanya edukasi kesehatan ini, diharapkan mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan ibu menyusui tentang perawatan payudara dan cara melakukan perawatan payudara agar dapat menyusui dan tidak mengalami gangguan dalam proses menyusui sehingga program ASI eksklusif dapat tercapai
Supercritical Fluids: Properties and Applications
Authors: G. Montalbán Mercedes , Víllora Gloria
Published: November 2022

Currently, both humanity and the whole planet are living in a critical time, which leads us to look for more sustainable formulas to interact with the environment. One of the important changes in the design and operation of chemical processes is the search for environmentally friendly technologies. Many industrial processes are carried out under severe conditions or with reactants that involve the use of strong acids, toxic metal catalysts, organic solvents, and processes at high temperatures and/or pressures. Supercritical fluids (SCFs) and, among these, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), have been revealed as promising environmentally friendly solvents, energy-efficient, selective, and capable of reducing waste, constituting an alternative to conventional organic solvents. The use of SCF, such as solvents and reaction media, makes it possible to work in less severe and more environmentally friendly conditions, even considerably increasing the efficiency of the processes. This chapter provides a brief review of the most important properties of SCF, with special emphasis on scCO2, as well as some of the most important applications.
A Global Overview of the Intensification of Beef and Dairy Cattle Production Systems
Authors: Opadoyin Tona Grace
Published: November 2022

The global livestock agriculture, including the beef and dairy cattle production systems, has undergone several transformations from traditionally less productive into more productive intensive systems. This research work reviews the various tools and techniques that have enhanced the development of more intensive beef and dairy cattle production worldwide. There is advancement from the extensive grazing on rangelands, into the more intensive systems of production under confined housing in the semi-intensive and intensive systems. Several investments would be required in the form of housing, feeding, breeding and genetic improvement, health and animal welfare and policy designs by the low-income livestock farmers, commercial livestock farmers and the larger livestock industries and governmental agencies. The increasing global population made it imperative to seek for more intensive and sustainable systems of beef and dairy cattle production in order to meet the human need for the production of cost-effective animal protein sources in the form of beef and bovine milk.
Psychological Aspect of Alopecia
Authors: Sonmez Dogancan , Hocaoglu Cicek
Published: November 2022

Hair is one of the most important components of the individual’s appearance and self-perception, as an organ that has an important role in social and sexual communication in humans. Therefore, hair loss can have negative effects on self-confidence, body image and self-esteem. Trichopsychodermatology is a special field of psychodermatology that deals with the psychosocial causes and consequences of hair loss and hair diseases. Alopecia patients suffer from various mental disorders, especially anxiety and depression. Psychological stress and emotional difficulties act as triggers and accelerators in both trichotillomania, which is within the scope of primary psychiatric diseases, and hair diseases with different etiopathogenesis such as alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, cicatricial alopecia, androgenetic alopecia, anagen alopecia. Providing psychiatric diagnosis and treatment in a patient presenting with alopecia may also have a positive effect on the course of alopecia. In this section, the psychiatric approach to patients with alopecia is discussed. This situation, which is frequently observed by dermatologists in clinical practice, has actually been little studied in the literature.
Successes and Challenges of Catfish Farming in the Small-Scale Industry in Southern Africa
Authors: Matthews Mbokane Esau , Matlale Mbokane Lucia , Samuel Motimele Seraku , Nosipho Hlophe-Ginindza Samkelisiwe
Published: November 2022

This chapter summarizes the successes and challenges of catfish farming in the small-scale industry in Southern Africa. Given that capture fisheries have been declining steadily over the years in many countries, aquaculture is generally expected to grow to meet demand. However, catfish production in most Southern African countries is low. This is despite the region having the most suitable temperature for the culture of freshwater fish species. In Southern Africa, catfish farming is one of the most important components of inland aquaculture, and it is mainly dominated by the small-scale sector. Production in the small-scale sector is affected by several constraints, which affect the profitability of the sector. These challenges include, among others, quality of production systems, supply of quality fingerlings, feeds, management of diseases, education and training of farmers, marketing and development of products, access to finance, research capacity, extension services, and, to some extent, regulatory frameworks and policies. The chapter proposes interventions that are needed to improve the production of catfish in Southern Africa. For instance, there is a need for the small-scale sector to move from intensive to advanced culture systems, such as recirculating aquaculture systems and integrated aquaculture systems, such as aquaponics, in order to boost catfish production.
Nanotechnological Interventions and Mechanistic Insights into Wound-Healing Events
Authors: Soni Sourabh , Singla Rubbel , S. Padwad Yogendra
Published: November 2022

Wound-healing cascade is highly dynamic and composed of four continuous but overlapping phases that are precisely programmed. Successful healing occurs when these phases occur sequentially in a specific time frame and thus require multipotent wound-healing material. Nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of wound dressings by the development of various types of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems and materials to treat hard-to-heal wounds. In this chapter, the advantages and the limitations associated with nanoparticle-based wound-healing materials as well as recent trends and applications of nanotechnology-based approaches in advanced wound therapy for healing of cutaneous, chronic, and burn wounds will be detailed along with the molecular interventions involved. Efforts are targeted herein to address the most significant factors affecting cutaneous wound healing and the molecular mechanisms involved. This chapter describes several nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery systems to improve the healing potential of antimicrobial, antifungal, growth factors, and other bioactive agents. While much remains to be learned, a better understanding of the factors influencing wound repair and nanotechnological interventions therein may lead to therapeutics that improve the healing process.
Short QT Syndrome: Update on Genetic Basis
Authors: Martínez-Barrios Estefanía , Cruzalegui José , Cesar Sergi , Chipa Fredy , Arbelo Elena , Fiol Victoria , Brugada Josep , Sarquella-Brugada Georgia , Campuzano Oscar
Published: November 2022

Short QT syndrome (SQTS) is an extremely rare inherited arrhythmogenic entity. Nowadays, less than 200 families affected worldwide have been reported. This syndrome is characterized by the presence of a short QT interval leading to malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias, syncope and sudden cardiac death. It is one of the most lethal heart diseases in children and young adults. Both incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity are hallmarks of this entity, making it difficult to diagnose and manage. Currently, rare variants in nine genes have been associated with SQTS (CACNA1C, CACNA2D1, CACNB2, KCNH2, KCNJ2, KCNQ1, SLC22A5, SLC4A3 and SCN5A). However, only pathogenic variants in four genes (KCNH2, KCNQ1, KCNJ2 and SLC4A3) have been found to definitively cause SQTS. The remaining genes lack a clear association with the disease, making clinical interpretation of the variants challenging. The diagnostic yield of genetic tests is currently less than 30%, leaving most families clinically diagnosed with SQTS without a conclusive genetic diagnosis. We reviewed and updated the main genetic features of SQTS, as well as recent evidence on increasingly targeted treatment.
Metabolites from Actinobacteria for Mosquito Control
Authors: Ganesan Pathalam , Ignacimuthu Savarimuthu
Published: November 2022

Arthropods like mosquitoes are well-known vectors which are mainly involved in the transmission of pathogens to different human and vertebrate diseases. Most of the pathogens like viruses and nematodes are transmitted by mosquitoes. Controlling vector populations by using actinobacteria can be particularly very effective. Actinobacteria which contain also non filamentous forms of bacteria which produce a large number of biologically active secondary metabolites. Even though many antibiotics have been developed from actinobacteria, not much work have been conducted in the field of pest control. The actinobacteria and their metabolites effectively control mosquito populations and the transmission of diseases by them. The microbial metabolites have many advantages over synthetic chemicals because many of them are host-specific and safe for beneficial organisms. Due to this species-specific effect, microbial pesticides are more reliable to control mosquito populations. These types of metabolites have to be evaluated for the development of novel insecticides for vector control. Some studies have reported the mosquitocidal effects of actinobacterial metabolites like tetranectin, avermectins, spinosad, macrotetrolides, etc; they have less or no residual effect in the environment. This chapter focuses on the mosquitocidal effects of actinobacteria and their metabolites.
Perspective Chapter: Social Ageing Challenges Faced by Older Adults Exposed to Conditions of Underdevelopment and Extreme Poverty
Authors: Bambeni Ntobeko
Published: November 2022

Ageing is a crucial era at the last stage in the lifespan of human beings, particularly for those who survive and pass through other stages of the life cycle. There has been a considerable increase in the number of people who reach this stage and live longer across the globe. The rampant increase of this population group has yielded unprecedented challenges to the both the developed and underdeveloped world due to the psychological, health, economic and social needs of this population cohort. In most developing countries, these social challenges faced by older the older persons are to a certain extent mitigated by the cohesive structure within the community. However, the social, living arrangements from families and communities that are available to the older population are under threat due ongoing demise in the traditional forms of care is as a result of families having suffered from the impact of social change, including urbanisation, geographical spread, migration, the trend towards nuclear families, and participation of women in the workforce. Ageism as a concept is viewed as the theoretical, policy and practical underpinning for how ageism is perceived and dealt with. The negative stereotypes that often shape the theoretical framework with regard to ageism is the root cause of negative attributes associated with ageing. This chapter therefore, concludes with the key recommendation that governments from the developing economies should strive towards development of policies for the protection of advancement of the wellbeing of older population and make resources available for the implementation of the policies.
COVID-19: From Pathophysiology to Treatment
Authors: Wottrich Joise , Gonçalves Eduardo , Echer de Souza Carina , Brendler Goettems Fiorin Pauline , Stela Ludwig Mirna , Gomes Heck Thiago , Nunes Frizzo Matias
Published: November 2022

The new coronavirus first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, being officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), as well as the name of the disease has been described as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). In March 2020, the disease was considered a global pandemic, with currently more than 514 million cases worldwide, with 6.4 million deaths. Severe cases of COVID-19 progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), on average about 8–9 days after the onset of symptoms. It is also worth mentioning that the severity of the disease in patients is not only due to the viral infection but also due to the host response. This phase, called a cytokine storm, reflects a state of systemic immune activation, with high levels of cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-12, IL-18, TNF, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). In this sense, the management of the disease largely depends on symptomatic and supportive treatments. For severely or critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis, in addition to supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation, and ARDS-specific therapies, antiviral and antibiotic treatments should also be considered. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to describe the pathophysiology and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Review on the Stability of the Nanofluids
Authors: Kumar Singh Sumit
Published: November 2022

Both mono and hybrid nanofluids, the engineered colloidal mixture made of the base fluid and nanoparticles, have shown many interesting properties and become a high potential next-generation heat transfer fluid in various engineering applications. The present review focuses on improving the stability of the nanofluids. For this, the present review briefly summarizes the impact of nanofluid preparation on the stability of various nanofluids and described in the following classification; (a) Nanofluid constituent, (b) Nanomaterial synthesis, and (c) Nanofluid synthesis techniques which are well-grouped and thoroughly discussed. Physical mechanisms for heat transfer enhancement using nanofluids are explored as well. Most of the studies reveal that there are significant improvements in the stability of the nanofluids. Hence, there is an excellent opportunity to use stabled nanofluids in various engineering applications. Finally, some useful recommendations are also provided.
Perspective Chapter: Cyclic Generation of Box-Behnken Designs and New Second-Order Designs
Authors: Nguyen Nam-Ky , J. Borkowski John , Phuong Vuong Mai
Published: November 2022

Box-Behnken designs (BBDs) are three-level second-order spherical designs with all points lying on a sphere, introduced by Box and Behnken, for fitting the second-order response surface models. They are available for 3–12 and 16 factors. Together with the central composite designs for the second-order model, BBDs are very popular response surface designs, especially for 3–7 factors. This chapter introduces an algorithm to produce cyclic generators for BBDs and similar designs, which we call cyclic BBDs (CBBDs). The new CBBDs offer more flexibility in choosing the designs for a specified number of factors. Comparisons between some BBDs and the new CBBDs indicate the superiority of the new CBBDs with respect to multiple design quality measures and graphical tools assessing prediction variance properties. A catalog of 24 new CBBDs, which includes orthogonally blocked CBBDs for 11, 13, and 14 factors, will be given.
Catfish as an Ecotoxicological Model for Assessment of Nanoparticle Toxicity Profiling
Authors: Atamanalp Muhammed , Ucar Arzu , Alak Gonca
Published: November 2022

The developing technological infrastructure has accelerated the evolution of nanoscience and encouraged the use of nanomaterials in very large areas. However, environmental liberation of nanomaterials can pose potential risks. Although different toxicity screening methodologies have been successfully used to assess the potential risks of these substances, little is known about their environmental impact. Fish are the most visible members of the aquatic ecosystem, vulnerable to toxicants. Although the ecotoxicology of fish and nanoparticles are complex, this review evaluates approaches to using catfish as a bio-indicator for the effects of nanoparticles on fish.
Information and Communication Technologies for New Generation of Sustainable Smart Cities
Authors: Shahid Kamal , Hassan Muhammad , Husnain Ali , Mukhtar Sadaf
Published: November 2022

The huge growth of population in cities all over the world has forced countries to regulate and manage resources in these places. Therefore, urban waste management, fossil fuel conservation, affordable and resourceful healthcare systems, effective traffic management, government transparency, and other concerns plague the world’s main cities. These issues have prompted the creation of Sustainable Smart Cities, which are innovative, technology-based, and environmentally friendly urban areas. The sustainable smart cities deploy technologies specifically Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to keep an eye on the community and develop long-term, cost-effective solutions. Thus, for the effective implementation of sustainable smart cities, a stable, secure, inter-operable, and reliable telecommunication network is necessary to enable applications and services in metropolitan areas. Recent advancements in the areas of 5G, 6G, Block chain technology, Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are anticipated for working and assisting the creation of sustainable smart cities. This chapter provides an introduction of the elements of sustainable smart cities, as well as an overview of how cities throughout the world have adopted them and projected trends for the next generation of sustainable smart cities.
Green Tea as An Ingredient in Food Combinations Provide Metabolic Improvements
Authors: Becraft Alexandra , Shay Neil
Published: November 2022

The objective of the studies summarized in the present chapter was to determine if intake of walnuts alone or in combination with two or more other phytochemical-rich foods would ameliorate some of the negative metabolic effects developed from consumption of an obesogenic and diabetogenic, Western-style diet. The two studies summarized in this chapter were designed the same using a C57BL/6 J mouse strain as a model to induce obesity using a high fat, sugar, and cholesterol diet, while supplementing the diet with 1.5 servings/day of various nutrient-dense whole foods. In Part 1, walnut alone and walnut plus green tea supplementation were studied. Based on the results of Part 1, Part 2 studied supplementation with four whole foods (walnut, green tea, cherry, and red raspberry) in combination to determine any synergistic effects. In both studies, the combination of two or more test foods appeared to work synergistically to produce further changes in metabolism than compared to walnuts alone. Key findings included attenuation of weight gain, improved circulating serum insulin and cytokine concentrations, improved hepatic levels of protective omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as decreased levels of hepatic proinflammatory fatty acids.
Development of Nucleic Acid Targeting Molecules: Molecular Docking Approaches and Recent Advances
Authors: Umare Mohit , A. Alkathiri Fai , Chikhale Rupesh
Published: November 2022

Molecular docking is a widely used and effective structure-based computational strategy for predicting dynamics between ligands and receptors. Until now the docking software were developed for the protein-ligand interactions and very few docking tools were developed exclusively for the docking of small molecules on the nucleic acid structures like the DNA and RNA. The progress in algorithms and the need for deeper understanding of ligand-nucleic acid interactions more focused, and specialized tools are being developed to explore this hindered area of drug discovery. This chapter is focused on and discus in details about various tools available for docking with nucleic acids and how the rejuvenation of machine learning methods is making its impact on the development of these docking programs.
Use of Plasma Pseudocholinesterase as a Predictor of Mortality in Organophosphate Poisoning
Authors: Kumar V. Siva , K. Siva Kumar Shruthi , Debata Ipsita , J. Tejas , K. Gowda Viswanathan
Published: November 2022

The study was conducted on patients of organophosphate poisoning admitted to Bapuji Hospital (J. J. M. Medical College), Davangere during a period of October 2011 to March 2013. To know the incidence of acute Organophosphate poisoning, epidemiological aspects of the patient and plasma pseudocholinesterase levels at the time of admission and correlation within hospital mortality. Total number of cases studied were 150. At the time of admission blood was drawn for estimation of plasma pseudocholinesterase estimation. The patients were clinically divided into three grades according to Dreishbachs criteria. Analysis was performed by cobas integra 400 cholinesterase assay system. All patients were followed-up for 3 days to know the outcome. Majority of the cases (40%) belong to 21 to 30 years age group and predominantly belonged to male sex (73%). Seventy eight cases (52%) had severe poisoning, 40 cases (26.67%) had moderate poisoning and 32 cases (21.33%) had mild poisoning. Sixty cases (40%) had fatal outcome. Suicidal consumption was seen in 128 cases (85.33%). Plasma pseudocholinesterase levels associated with fatalities in severe poisoning and was found to range from 912 to 2490 U/L which accounts to suppression of plasma pseudocholinesterase levels by 84.04 to 93.19%.
Quantitative Electroencephalography for Probing Cognitive and Behavioral Functions of the Human Brain
Authors: M. Millis Richard , Chandanathil Merin , Awosika Ayoola , Nwachukwu Fidelis , Rajput Ravindrasingh , Naik Sheetal , Kadur Kishan
Published: November 2022

Previous studies have shown that quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) provides measures of brain wave voltage and symmetry within each of the standard bandwidths. These qEEG measures are neurophysiological correlates of brain wave signatures for various aspects of cognition and behavior and are susceptible to neurofeedback training for improving human performance. Using exam scores and an individualized self-inventory (ISI) of psychosocial interactions, we provide unique data for probing behavioral and cognitive performance of medical students. Increments in voltage within the standard theta (4–7 Hz) and beta (15–20 Hz) frequencies and decrements in the theta–beta ratio (TBR) suggest improvements in attentional control. Associations between right-sided frontal alpha asymmetry (fAA) and ISI scores for negative self-perceptions suggest a novel qEEG signature for emotional balance. These findings suggest that changes in qEEG voltages and asymmetries may be predictive of improvements in attentional control, cognitive performance, and psychosocial skills, as well as serving as surrogate markers for neurofeedback training-related changes in neuroplasticity.
Plant Diseases of Areca Nut
Authors: Harahap Diannita
Published: November 2022

Areca nut has source of complex carbohydrates and natural fiber for humans. Almost all parts of this plant can be utilized. This plant is a commodity with high economic value in Indonesia. Moreover, the daily consumption of areca nut is passed down from generation to generation, a tradition is known as ‘chew Pinang’. The seeds of this plant are always present in the completeness of several traditional events in Indonesia. The development of this plant encountered challenges such as decreased productivity levels due to infection with pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogens that attack areca nut commodities can be in the form of bacteria and fungi. Leaf midrib rot is caused by the mycelia of the pathogenic fungus Athelia rolfsii, in addition to infection with Penicillium sp. during plant growth also results in losses. Phytophthora arecae, Micoplasm-like Organism (MLO), Ganoderma lucidu, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia sp., Pestalotia palmarum Cooke., Cephaleuros sp., Ganoderma lucidum, Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Xanthomonas campestris, Ceralostomelia paradox.
Fundamentals of Molecular Allergy: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Velázquez-Soto Henry , C. Jimenez Martinez Maria
Published: November 2022

This chapter describes the fundamentals of molecular allergy diagnosis and raises the concept of allergens, allergenic components, and recombinant allergens. In addition, the authors review quality aspects related to the laboratory methodology. In the last part of the chapter, the different singleplex and multiplex platforms currently used for molecular diagnosis are compared. Finally, the diagnostic systems’ challenges, strengths, and pitfalls are discussed to understand their clinical impact. Undoubtedly, this chapter will be handy for the background knowledge for health personnel, allergists/immunologists, and clinical laboratory personnel to guide the selection of diagnostic tests for allergy as well as their interpretation and therapeutic approach.
A Scientific Ethnomedical Study Using Microbes on Gaucher Disease: An In-Silico Analysis
Authors: Sudhir Sreeram , Pozhaiparambil Sasikumar Amritha
Published: November 2022

Gaucher disease (GD) is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by the deficiency of enzyme acid β-Glucosidase resulting in the deposition of harmful quantities of lipids/fats. To date, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and substrate reduction therapy (SRT) are the only modes of treatment approved by the FDA for Gaucher disease. In this study, we evaluated the ability of microbial bioactive compounds as a drug candidate. The treatment based on molecular docking against selected protein targets plays a crucial role in the future treatment of this disease. Microbial compounds contain bioactive compounds in the form of alkaloids and others of natural origin. Through molecular docking the deep binding affinity of 10 selected compounds present in algae, bacteria, and fungi against the enzyme acid β-Glucosidase of GD using Maestro Schrodinger software, in addition, the ADMET properties are also predicted. Out of these compounds, Lipoxazolidinone C, Cinnamic acid, and Marinopyrrole A, have a sturdy interaction with the Gaucher disease target enzyme, and it can be considered as an effective drug target for Gaucher disease. Our findings reveal a novel discovery towards biology mainly pointing to microbes as a drug formulation. Further, these compounds could be analyzed for their stability through molecular dynamics techniques.
Panama: Scope and Psychosocial Challenges Two Years after the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Matus Ericka , Matus Lorena
Published: November 2022

It is a review of the challenges that Panama faced during the two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of mental health. From social psychology, some of the research that provided a vision of the effects in the short, medium, and long term is shown. Finally, social psychology is proposed as a reference framework for the study of the phenomena associated with the pandemic.
COPD and Inflammation
Authors: Peiser Christian
Published: November 2022

COPD is associated with chronic inflammation of the airways, which causes damage to defense and repair mechanisms, resulting in remodeling processes in the bronchi and bronchioles. This leads to fibrosis of the lung tissue, increased smooth muscle tension, swelling of bronchial mucosa, loss of cilia function with accumulation of mucus, and finally to chronic pulmonary obstruction and possibly emphysema, with the main symptoms of dyspnea, coughing, and expectoration. Inhaled pollutants can activate immune cells like macrophages, T-lymphocytes, and subsequently neutrophilic granulocytes. Together, they release various pro-inflammatory messenger substances and enzymes. As a relevant example, they secrete proteases and disable antiproteases, an imbalance that destabilizes lung tissue. Of particular importance are several cytokines that are significantly elevated in the plasma of patients with COPD signals. In addition to the pathophysiologically clearly defined neutrophilic inflammation, there are also COPD patients with a predominantly eosinophilic inflammation, which could overlap with allergic bronchial asthma. Furthermore, inhaled pollutants can lead to oxidative stress, which increases inflammation and remodeling. Respiratory infections, in most cases bacterial infections, can trigger an exacerbation of already established COPD, in most cases bacterial infections. In addition to conventional medication, in case of refractory therapy, treatment with biologics could be an option.
The Role of Personality Traits and Values in Perceived Friendship Quality: The Dyadic Approach
Authors: Lin Chenkai , Jiang Xiaoming
Published: November 2022

This study using dyadic approach, focused on the impact of personality traits and basic human values on the synchrony and the average level of perceived friendship quality between dyads. We used the Friendship Quality Questionnaire to measure the perceived friendship quality levels of the involved parties, the 50-item IPIP version of Big Five Questionnaire to quantify the individual personality traits and a Short Swartz Values Survey to characterize different basic human values. Two aggregated measures were defined based on the score of friendship quality of each party of the friends. The level of friendship quality was defined as the sum of perceived quality of two persons involved in the friendship. The synchrony of friendship quality was defined by subtracting the perceived quality of one party from the other in the friendship. The level and the synchrony of each personality traits and each basic human value between dyads were quantified in a similar way. Several linear regressions were conducted in a two-step process to examine the correlation between personality traits and friendship quality and the correlation between basic values and friendship quality both at the dimension of general levels and synchrony. The results showed a significant positive effect of agreeableness on the level of friendship quality and a significant positive effect of agreeableness on the synchrony of friendship quality. Our findings highlight the association between personality and the perceived quality in dyadic relationships.
Automatic Current Sharing Mechanism in Two-phase Series Capacitor Buck DC-DC Converter (2-pscB)
Authors: A. Rmila Salahaldein
Published: November 2022

In this chapter, we introduce the concept of the Inherited Automatic Current Sharing Mechanism (ACSM) in a two-phase series capacitor buck topology (2-pscB). This topology was introduced to power laptops as low-voltage and high-current Voltage Regulator Modules as well as non-isolated Point-of-Load converters (Vin < 12 V). To satisfy the converter stability, a state-space modeling technique of switching intervals coupled with parasitic component linearization is developed. Due to the series capacitor charging period miscalculation, the applicability of the ACSM of 2-pscB switching topology for high-power electronic applications is still very limited. Inserting a series capacitor between power switches of phase A increases loop parasitic inductance, introduces a time delay mismatch between the gate voltages of the two switches, and causes interference with the synchronization of the dead time between both phases of 2-pscB converters since the phase B has no series capacitor. This mismatch reduces the heat distribution efficiency and lifetime. As such, a complete model study delivered by the converter is required to design a robust controller. Driven to explore the series capacitor voltage feedback mechanism, frequency analysis of transfer functions, and filter behavior with experimental prototype examples (Vin < 120 V) have been presented for the first time to demonstrate the theoretical analysis. Obtained efficiency was up to 94.9% at full load.
A Stakeholder’s Participation Process to Combat Water Hyacinth in Eastern Africa: The Case of Lake Tana
Authors: Hailemariam Zikargae Mekonnen
Published: November 2022

Alien species are a challenge to developing countries in Africa. Ethiopia is the most affected. Lake Tana is diseased with weeds. The study aimed to analyze how stakeholders participated in the campaign and mobilized against water hyacinth. Professionals promoted, advocated and combated the challenges through different scenarios. A qualitative design was selected to obtain data through cross-sectional online web-based scientific documents. Data were analyzed using analytical discussions. The length of shoreline infested by the weed has increased alarmingly and is a major cause of the loss of biodiversity in the lake. However, the multifaceted efforts to save Tana are the greatest endeavor to protect it against the water hyacinth. The efforts are opportunities to undermine the enlargement of the weeds in and out of the lake. The finding indicates the identification of the water hyacinth problem was delayed. The findings show that most of the campaigns are not based on participatory planning. Participation was not well institutionalized in Ethiopia. The stakeholders’ role in environmental management was limited, and minimal attention was given. Inclusive planning and community-based management are indispensable to combating water hyacinth. The planning and participation of the campaign should be prolonged and repeatedly used to eradicate alien species.
Leadership Styles during Disruption: A Multi-Case Study
Authors: Abadia Alberto
Published: November 2022

This chapter reviews relevant literature in order to identify the leadership framework and profile that may better characterize entrepreneurs and business leaders that eventually founded or developed disruptively successful firms—popularly known as “unicorns.” Next, the chapter describes a conducted multi-case study that demonstrates a strong correlation between the positive checkmarks in the selected leadership framework—visionary leadership—and the profile of the leaders of nine different international corporations that became industry leaders in less than 20 years (Apple, Google, Microsoft, Facebook, General Electrics, Toyota, Alibaba, Tencent, and Inditex).
Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Study on Candida Infection of COVID-19 Patients to Discover New Antifungal Target
Authors: Dutta Debashis , Manuri Surendra , Kumar Sidhu Vivek , Kumar Prashant
Published: November 2022

The molecular foundation of fungal disease can now be better understood and treated because to advances in mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomics technology. Numerous disease-related biomarkers and potential new drug targets have been discovered over the course of the past 30 years of proteomics research, which examines dynamic protein expression, post-translational modifications, cellular and sub-cellular protein distribution, and protein–protein interactions. Although MS proteomics was of paramount importance to understanding the molecular progression involved in their differential expressions but was challenging under invasive and non-invasive growth conditions of Candida. species but was challenging especially due to the lack of diagnostic morphological features for early prediction. The long-term goal of this chapter is to identify the biomarkers relevant for early prediction and future target molecules for drug discovery and to determine proteins linked to fungal action, made the identification of alterations in fungal physiology and host-pathogen interactions between cells and antibiotics during COVID-19 infection therapy. Here, we also discussed the developments of proteomic-driven interactions between the host and the fungal pathogens, clinical application of spectrometry-based Candida. proteome identification diagnosis, and treatment with antibiotics. Proteomic approach advancements open new pathways for effective prevention and medication development for infectious diseases brought on by fungi.
The Molecular Basis for Radioiodine Therapy
Authors: Hernán Carro Gerardo , Pablo Nicola Juan
Published: November 2022

Radioactive iodine (radioiodine) therapy is a standard and effective therapeutic approach for high-risk differentiated thyroid carcinomas, based on the unique ability of the thyroid follicular cell to accumulate iodide through the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS). However, a recurrent limitation of radioiodine therapy is the development of radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinomas, which are associated with a worse prognosis. Loss of radioiodine accumulation in thyroid carcinomas has been attributed to cell dedifferentiation, resulting in reduced NIS expression and NIS intracellular retention involving transcriptional and posttranscriptional or posttranslational mechanisms, respectively. Emerging therapies targeting the oncogene-activated signal pathways potentially involved in thyroid carcinogenesis have been able to recover radioiodine accumulation in radioiodine-refractory tumors, which constitutes the rationale of redifferentiation therapies. Here, we will comprehensively discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying radioiodine therapy, refractoriness to radioiodine therapy in differentiated thyroid carcinomas, and novel strategies for restoring radioiodine accumulation in radioiodine-refractory thyroid carcinomas.
Strategic Prevention Program of Hamstring Injuries in Sprinters
Authors: Sugiura Yusaku , Takazawa Yuji , Yamazaki Kazuhiko , Sakuma Kazuhiko
Published: November 2022

Enhancing the functionality of the hamstring is an important matter for sprinters in improving their performance. Sprinters show almost the highest incidences of hamstring injuries as compared with other athletes. For sprinters and their coaches, prevention of hamstring injury is a prime concern along with improved their performance. To prevent hamstring injuries in sprinters, injury, incidence, mechanisms, and risk factors need to be taken into consideration, and a strategic program based on evidence needs to be implemented. A combination of three factors: agility, strength, and flexibility, is a good contributor to preventing muscle injuries in sprinters. Simultaneously, the training programs need to take into consideration the conditioning for muscle fatigue depending on a sprinter’s abilities. It may be important for coaches, trainers, and sports doctors to encourage sprinters for stopping training to monitor the degree of fatigue objectively and subjectively and to avoid the risk of injury. Future establishment of a hamstring injury-prevention program will be achieved by building a support system for programs with tactics and strategies. These programs are based on the accumulation of data via cooperation among coaches, researchers, trainers, and sports doctors.