bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the Cycling Performance of Aluminum Anodes through Operando Light Microscopy and Kinetic Analysis
Authors: Zheng Tianye , Kramer Dominik , Tahmasebi Mohammad H. , Mönig Reiner , Boles Steven T.
Published: January 2020

Aluminum is an attractive anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its low cost, light weight, and high specific capacity. However, utilization of Al‐based anodes is significantly limited by drastic capacity fading during cycling. Herein, a systematic study is performed to investigate the kinetics of electrochemical lithiation of Al thin films to understand the mechanisms governing the phase transformation, by using an operando light microscopy platform. Operando videos reveal that nuclei appear at random positions and expand to form quasi‐circular patches that grow and merge until the phase transformation is complete. Based on this direct evidence, models of the lithiation processes in Al anodes are discussed and reaction‐controlled kinetics are suggested. The growth rate of LiAl depends on the potential and increases considerably as higher overpotentials are approached. Lastly, improved cycling performance of Al‐based anodes can be realized by two approaches: 1) by controlling the lithiation extent, the cycling life of Al thin film is extended from 5 cycles to 25 cycles; 2) the performance can be optimized by adjusting the kinetics. Together, this work offers a renewed promise for the commercialization of Al‐based anodes in LIBs where the performance requirements are compatible with the proposed cycle life‐extending strategies.
Face–to–face interactions between mothers and female infants in wild bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus)
Authors: Verderane Michele Pereira , Aguiar Rodrigo Mendes , Izar Patrícia
Published: January 2020

Once considered uniquely human, mother–infant face–to–face interactions (FF) were observed in a few captive primates. In these studies, FF were correlated to physical contact suggesting a mechanism mediating proximity between mother and infant, as is the case for humans. We investigated this hypothesis in wild capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) during the first year of life of eight female infants. Data were weekly focal‐day videos of infants from which we recorded FF with mothers. We expected FF would increase with infants’ age (as time in contact with mothers decreased) and would more likely occur in the absence of physical contact between the dyad. There was no effect of age in the proportion of interaction time spent in FF, nor in types of FF. A quarter of FF episodes occurred in the absence of physical contact between the dyad, and in most of them physical contact was resumed following the FF. Contrary to predictions, the stability in the first year, mainly when mothers–female infants were in contact, indicates that FF act primarily promoting opportunities for affective communication and intuitive care. However, we found some supportive evidence for the hypothesis that FF regulate proximity between mother and infant, mainly in resume physical contact.
Purification, characterization, and identification of 3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxy benzal acrolein–an intermediate of synthesizing advantame
Authors: Chen Bo‐Ru , Liu Qiang , Wang Huan , Gao Zi‐Yuan , Siddeeg Azhari , Zhu Si‐Ming
Published: January 2020

Advantame is a novel sweetener, and 3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxy benzal acrolein is an important intermediate to synthesize the sweetener. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new low‐cost method to purify 3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxy benzal acrolein, and the crude intermediate was used as raw material. The intermediate was purified using a low‐pressure column chromatography with a C18 column, using a methanol‐water (6:4, v/v) at a flow rate of 6.0 ml/min, and the loading amount of the crude intermediate in solution was 10.0 mg in total. A method for the analysis of 3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxy benzal acrolein was established using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This method was validated in terms of its linearity, repeatability, accuracy, detection limit, and quantitation limit. The calibration curves of 3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxy benzal acrolein were linear (r > .999) over a wide concentration range of 0.005–0.08 mg/ml, by comparing the ratio of signal to noise, and the detection limit was 5.0 ng/ml and the quantification limit was 15.0 ng/ml. Good repeatability was obtained (RSD < 2%, n = 6), and the recoveries calculated using mixed sample previously quantified ranged from 94.5% to 106.37%. As long as, this method has been successfully applied to the analysis of 3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxy benzal acrolein; therefore, the method can be put into practical use during the industrial synthesis and real‐time detection of the intermediate.
Long intergenic non‐coding RNA 511 correlates with improved prognosis, and hinders osteosarcoma progression both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Qiao Suchi , Qi Ke , Liu Chang , Xu Changli , Ma Jun , Xu Xinmin , Li Cheng , Wang Zhiwei
Published: January 2020

Background

This study aimed to investigate the correlation of long intergenic non‐coding RNA 511 (LINC00511) with clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) in osteosarcoma patients and to explore its function in osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

Tumor tissues and adjacent tissues from 45 osteosarcoma patients were acquired, and LINC00511 expression was detected. In vitro, LINC00511 expression was detected in osteosarcoma cell lines and osteoblast cell line. LINC00511 overexpression‐treated (OE‐LINC00511) and nonsense overexpression‐treated (OE‐control) MG‐63 and Saos‐2 cells were cultured, followed by the assessment of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. In vivo, tumor weight and volume were measured in OE‐LINC00511 and OE‐control xenografted mice.

Results

LINC00511 expression was decreased in tumor tissues compared with adjacent tissues (P < .001), and its high expression correlated with increased tumor cell necrosis rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = .025) and prolonged OS (P = .010). In vitro, LINC00511 expression was decreased in osteosarcoma cell lines (including MG‐63, U‐2OS, Saos‐2, and HOS) compared with osteoblast cell line (All P < .001). Cell proliferation was decreased at 48 hours (Both P < .01) and 72 hours (Both P < .001) (in MG‐63 and Saos‐2 cells); cell apoptosis was increased (P < .05) (in Saos‐2 cells); cell migration and invasion were decreased (All P < .01) (in MG‐63 cells and Saos‐2 cells) in OE‐LINC00511 compared with OE‐control. In vivo, tumor volume was reduced at week 4 (P < .001), week 5 (P < .001), week 6 (P < .001) in OE‐LINC00511 compared with OE‐control. Tumor weight was declined in OE‐LINC00511 than OE‐control (P < .001).

Conclusions

LINC00511 acts as a potential biomarker and therapeutic option for osteosarcoma.
Conversion of coastal marshes to croplands decreases organic carbon but increases inorganic carbon in saline soils
Authors: Zhu Yuanshan , Wang Yidong , Guo Changcheng , Xue Dongmei , Li Jun , Chen Qing , Song Zhaoliang , Lou Yilai , Kuzyakov Yakov , Wang Zhong‐Liang , Jones Davey L.
Published: January 2020

Over the past century, conversion to agriculture has greatly reduced the global extent of coastal wetlands leading to degradation and loss of these ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how this land conversion affects the confluent soil organic and inorganic carbon (SOC and SIC) storage as well as their localizations in soil matrix. Here, we investigated these issues using wet sieving at two coastal saline–alkali sites in northern China. Conversion of marshes to cropland (>60 years) decreased the portion of large macroaggregates (>2 mm) and correspondingly increased the portion of microaggregates (0.053–0.25 mm) at both sites. Land conversion decreased SOC contents by 31–67% in all fractions (>2, 0.25–2, 0.053–0.25, and <0.053 mm) in the topsoil (0–15 cm) and subsoil (15–30 cm). In contrast, irrigation‐ and NH4HCO3 fertilization‐derived carbonates increased SIC storages in almost all fractions due to the saline–alkali soil conditions, especially for the subsoil. This increases in SIC almost offset and compensate for the SOC losses at both sites. Consequently, the irrigation‐ and NH4HCO3‐induced SIC accumulation should be included in the full C balance of saline–alkali soils. It should be noted, however, that the progressive loss of SOC due to cultivation will lead to soil degradation in fertility and ecological function, thereby hampering long‐term sustainability of coastal ecosystems. Therefore, the compensation of SIC for the loss of SOC is not sustainable in the longer term.
Linguistic and Cultural Collaboration in Schools: Reconciling Majority and Minoritized Language Users
Authors: Prasad Gail , Lory Marie‐Paule
Published: January 2020

This article extends the work of culturally sustaining pedagogy by moving towards the conceptualization of linguistic and cultural collaboration (LCC) in classrooms through reconciliation of majoritarian and minoritized language users. Whereas attention in mainstream educational research has been given to students’ cultures, this article underscores that explicit attention to diverse languages and language varieties is essential to reconfiguration of power relations in schools and reconciliation among culturally and linguistically minoritized and dominant groups. Drawing on scholarship regarding plurilingual and multilingual practice, the authors conceptualize LCC as both a process and a product that expands all students’ critical multilingual language awareness. They draw on an ongoing research‐practice partnership (RPP) with a U.S. school district experiencing growing cultural and linguistic diversity. The article focuses on a single school to illustrate how LCC has been taken up as a whole‐school approach to leveraging students’ and families’ cultural and linguistic resources as vital to learning and living together in a multicultural and multilingual world. After outlining development of the RPP following a social design–based methodology, the authors discuss how in practice reconciliation is forged as teachers, students, and their families engage in collaborative multilingual bookmaking. They focus on three aspects of reconciliation (collaboration, restoration, living together) that support students in becoming more language‐aware and in moving towards multilingual activism.
Human menstrual cycle variation in subcortical functional brain connectivity: a multimodal analysis approach
Authors: Hidalgo-Lopez Esmeralda , Mueller Karsten , Harris TiAnni , Aichhorn Markus , Sacher Julia , Pletzer Belinda
Published: January 2020

Increasing evidence suggests that endogenous sex steroid changes affect human brain functional connectivity, which could be obtained by resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI). Nevertheless, RS studies on the menstrual cycle (MC) are underrepresented and yield inconsistent results. We attribute these inconsistencies to the use of various methods in exploratory approaches and small sample sizes. Hormonal fluctuations along the MC likely elicit subtle changes that, however, may still have profound impact on network dynamics when affecting key brain nodes. To address these issues, we propose a ROI-based multimodal analysis approach focusing on areas of high functional relevance to adequately capture these changes. To that end, sixty naturally cycling women underwent RS-fMRI in three different cycle phases and we performed the following analyses: (1) group-independent component analyses to identify intrinsic connectivity networks, (2) eigenvector centrality (EC) as a measure of centrality in the global connectivity hierarchy, (3) amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) as a measure of oscillatory activity and (4) seed-based analyses to investigate functional connectivity from the ROIs. For (2)–(4), we applied a hypothesis-driven ROI approach in the hippocampus, caudate and putamen. In the luteal phase, we found (1) decreased intrinsic connectivity of the right angular gyrus with the default mode network, (2) heightened EC for the hippocampus, and (3) increased ALFF for the caudate. Furthermore, we observed (4) stronger putamen–thalamic connectivity during the luteal phase and stronger fronto-striatal connectivity during the pre-ovulatory phase. This hormonal modulation of connectivity dynamics may underlie behavioural, emotional and sensorimotor changes along the MC.
The Influence of Religiosity/Spirituality on Sex Life Satisfaction and Sexual Frequency: Insights from the Baylor Religion Survey
Authors: Cranney Stephen
Published: January 2020

Prior literature has generally found either a null or positive association between sex life satisfaction and religiosity. However, different studies have used various measures of religiosity and have focused on different demographics along the dimensions of age, marital status, and gender, limiting what can be determined in terms of moderating and cross-demographic effects. This shortcoming is germane because it may explain the differing findings in the literature. This study drew on the nationally representative 2017 Baylor Religion Survey (N = 1501) to test relationships among sex life satisfaction, sexual frequency, and a variety of different religious measures while testing for demographic moderators. Results suggest that religion and spirituality have a strong and significant association with sex life satisfaction while controlling for basic sociodemographic variables, and that this relationship is consistent across marital status, age, and gender. The positive association between religion and sexual frequency appeared to be limited to more intrinsic, personal forms such as self-rated spirituality and frequency of prayer. This association did not exist for non-married individuals, however, and among non-marrieds those who attend religious services more reported lower sexual frequency. Possible explanations for these results are discussed.
Outside Caste? The Enclosure of Caste and Claims to Castelessness in India and the United Kingdom
Authors: Mosse David
Published: January 2020

Caste has always generated political and scholarly controversy, but the forms that this takes today newly combine anti-caste activism with counter-claims that caste is irrelevant or non-existent, or claims to castelessness. Claims to castelessness are, in turn, viewed by some as a new disguise for caste power and privilege, while castlessness is also an aspiration for people subject to caste-based discrimination. This article looks at elite claims to “enclose” caste within religion, specifically Hinduism, and the Indian nation so as to restrict the field of social policy that caste applies to, to exempt caste-based discrimination from the law, and to limit the social politics of caste. It does so through a comparative analysis of two cases. The first is the exclusion of Christian and Muslim Dalits—members of castes subordinated as “untouchable”—from provisions and protections as Scheduled Castes in India. The other case is that of responses to the introduction of caste into anti-discrimination law in the UK. While Hindu organizations in the UK reject “caste” as a colonial and racist term and deploy postcolonial scholarship to deny caste discrimination, Dalit organizations, representing its potential victims, turn to scholarly discourse on caste, race, or human rights to support their cause. These are epistemological disputes about categories of description and how “the social” is made available for public debate, and especially for law. Such disputes engage with anthropology, whose analytical terms animate and change the social world that is their subject.
Toward a History of Rights in the City at Night: Making and Breaking the Nightly Curfew in Nineteenth-Century Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Chazkel Amy
Published: January 2020

During much of the nineteenth century, Rio de Janeiro, the Brazilian capital, was under a selective curfew that made it a crime to be in the city's public spaces after dark. The curfew bent normal rules and attenuated supposedly universal rights, overtly discriminating between people on the basis of class and race. Rules that legally defined the nighttime did not come from any national statute, or from newly independent Brazil's liberal Constitution (1824) or its Criminal Code (1830). Instead, Rio's nocturnal sociolegal world was the product of police edicts, on-the-ground policing practice, and city ordinances. It also emerged from the actions of people who used the darker hours for work, play, and resistance against oppression, especially members of the city's immense enslaved population and the growing number of free persons of African descent. In other words, this is a phenomenon of urban governance that allows, and indeed forces us to look beyond the nineteenth-century nation-state to understand the exercise of power at a local level. This article explores how the curfew established patterns and means of limiting the basic freedom to move about the city. It was at night when both the necessity and fragility of what jurists in Brazil called the “freedom to come and go” came into view. The daily transition between day and night enacted juridical changes that, although invisible at the national level, fundamentally shaped the social categories that determined people's places in society in ways that historical research has yet to explore.
Une Ambiance Diaspora: Continuity and Change in Parisian Maghrebi Imaginaries
Authors: Everett Samuel Sami
Published: January 2020

This article is an investigation of ethno-commercial exchanges and interactions between Jews and Muslims of North African heritage that takes account of their cross-cultural antecedents and continuities. The ethnographic focus is a telecommunications company called M-Switch located in the Parisian neighborhood of le Sentier, the trajectory of which is part of a broader cultural and economic shift observable in the neighborhood from industry to new technologies. This particular company is a privileged site for witnessing how people work with and across religious differences between Maghrebi Jews and Muslims in France. The ethnography looks at how contemporary, non-nostalgic reconceptualizations of the past are utilized to negotiate an ethnically plural and potentially convivial present. Relationships within the company have a Maghrebi center made up of shared cultural memories, economic interdependency, and changing gender and class relations. More specifically, relationships between Jews and Muslims at M-Switch are often defined by a desire to re-appropriate and adapt a Maghrebi world. This project is complicated by French and geopolitical representations of ethno-religious conflict.
Relations in the Phaedo
Authors: Gallop David
Published: January 2020

Phaedo. As I recall. when these points had been granted him, and it was agreed that each of the forms was something, and that the other things, partaking in them. took the name of the forms themselves, he next asked: ‘If you say that that is so, then whenever you say that Simmias is taller than Socrates but shorter than Phaedo, you mean the, don't you, that both things are in Simmias, tallness and shortness?’
Entscheider-Blog: Personalmarketing kann mehr als Pflegekampagnen
Authors: Camphausen Martin
Published: January 2020

Noch vor wenigen Jahren waren crossmediale Recruiting- und Personalmarketingkampagnen Mangelware im Klinikwesen. Heute wandelt sich das Bild, doch aktuell konzentrieren sich alle auf Pflegekräfte oder Ärzte. Dabei besteht ein Krankenhaus auch aus anderen Berufsgruppen. Ein Appell für mehr Vielfalt.
DKI Gutachten: 187 000 Pflegekräfte fehlen bis 2030
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: January 2020

Es ist kein Geheimnis, dass die Personalsituation in Krankenhäusern alles andere als rosig ist. Es kursieren verschiedene Zahlen, wie sich die Personalprobleme in der Pflege entwickeln. Die bloße Fortsetzung bereits bestehender Trends gibt schon Anlass zur Sorge. Ein aktuelles Gutachten des Deutschen Krankenhausinstituts prognostiziert bis 2030 einen Anstieg der Pflegevollzeitstellen von 20 Prozent.
Klinik Unternehmen: Auf-/Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: January 2020

Börsenexperte, analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse* ausgewählter Kliniken
Gesundheitskongress des Westens 2020: Gemeinsam große Herausforderungen bewältigen!
Authors: Hillebrand Ralf-Thomas
Published: January 2020

Durch „Coopetition“ ließe sich in der Gesundheitswirtschaft viel erreichen: eine bessere Struktur des Krankenhausmarkts, integrierte Versorgung auf breiter Front oder eine zügigere Digitalisierung. Das Motto beim Gesundheitskongress des Westens lautet daher: „Gemeinsam große Herausforderungen bewältigen!“
Digitalisierung und IT-Sicherheit: Wo Licht ist, ist auch Schatten
Authors: Spyra Gerald
Published: January 2020

Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung ist für die Gesundheitsindustrie ein neues Betätigungsfeld, das große Umsatzzuwächse erwarten lässt. Auch Krankenhäuser versprechen sich enorme Effizienz- sowie Effektivitätssteigerungen, die auch den Patienten zu Gute kommen sollen. Auf den ersten Blick also eine absolute Win-Win-Situation für alle Beteiligten. kma-Gastautor Gerald Spyra rät dennoch zu einem Plan B.
Wirtschaft: Der Weltmarkt für Medizintechnik wächst weiter
Authors: Kempe Lisa
Published: January 2020

Seit dem Jahr 2010 verzeichnen die Medizintechnikhersteller ein durchschnittliches Umsatzwachstum von etwa fünf Prozent pro Jahr. Damit scheint nun Schluss zu sein. Die Branche schwankt zwischen Katzenjammer und Aufbruchstimmung. Während im Inlandsgeschäft die Wachstumszahlen seit 2018 deutlich zurückgehen, wächst das Auslandsgeschäft weiterhin stabil.
Hebammenhaftpflicht: Schwere Geburt
Authors: König Romy
Published: January 2020

Geburtsfehler können teure Folgen haben. Die Haftpflichtversicherungsbeiträge für Geburtshelfer sind deshalb in den vergangenen Jahren massiv angestiegen. Aus diesem Grund verzichten freiberufliche Hebammen immer häufiger auf ihr Kerngeschäft – die Geburtshilfe – und beschränken sich zunehmend auf die Betreuung werdender und junger Mütter.
Hebesatz und Sachkostenkorrektur: Erlöse bleiben grundsätzlich stabil
Authors: Eisenmenger Nicole
Published: January 2020

Mit dem Krankenhausstrukturgesetz (KHSG) 2016 wurde die Sachkostenkorrektur eingeführt und 2017 erstmals umgesetzt. Zuständig für diese sogenannte Erlöskorrektur ist das Institut für das Entgeltsystem im Krankenhaus (InEK). Für 2017 wurde zunächst eine 50-prozentige Umsetzung beschlossen. Für die Erlösjahre 2018 und 2019 wurden 60 Prozent festgelegt.
VdPB: Bayerischer Sonderweg: Freiwillige und kostenfreie Mitgliedschaft
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: January 2020

Seit Anfang dieses Jahres ist es möglich, Mitglied in der Vereinigung der Pflegenden in Bayern (VdPB) zu werden. Mit ihr hat die Bayerische Staatsregierung eine Interessenvertretung für die größte Berufsgruppe im Gesundheitswesen installiert. Ihr Ziel ist es, die Interessen und die Stimme der Pflege zu stärken. kma spricht dazu mit Georg Sigl-Lehner, dem Präsidenten der VdPB.
E-Mobilität im Krankenhaus: Geht doch!
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: January 2020

Seit gut einem Jahr stehen den Mitarbeitern der Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) Elektroautos für ihre Dienstfahrten zwischen den fünf Standorten des Krankenhausverbundes zur Verfügung. Bei 63 517 mit den Stromern zurückgelegten Kilometern wurden schon in den ersten elf Monaten 3 439 Liter fossiler Treibstoff und 8,3 Tonnen CO2 eingespart.
Successful Brace Treatment of Pectus Carinatum in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Using the Dynamic Compression System
Authors: Orrick Beth A. , Pierce Amy L. , Snyder Charles L. , Alon Uri S.
Published: January 2020

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder of collagen resulting in a “fragile” skeleton with increased fracture risk and other complications, dependent on the specific variant. Pectus deformities of the chest wall, while not common, can be associated with OI. The use of a pectus carinatum brace in a patient with OI poses unknown risks for fractures and adverse treatment outcomes. We successfully applied external compression bracing using the dynamic compression system to one such patient. This case illustrates the ability to treat an OI patient with pectus carinatum using a nonsurgical brace, without complications, resulting in an excellent cosmetic result.
Outpatient Expectant Management of Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chacón Kelly M. , Bryant Mantha Allison S. , Clapp Mark A.
Published: January 2020

Objective To examine outcomes among women with prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) who declined induction and chose outpatient expectant management compared with those admitted for induction.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of term women with singleton, vertex-presenting fetuses who presented with PROM between July 2016 and June 2017 and were eligible for outpatient expectant management (n = 166). The primary outcomes were time from PROM to delivery and time from admission to delivery. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were also compared between groups. Multivariable linear regressions were used to assess time differences between groups, adjusting for known maternal and pregnancy characteristics.

Results Compared with admitted patients, women managed expectantly at home had significantly longer PROM to delivery intervals (median 29.2 vs. 17 hours, p < 0.001), but were more likely to deliver within 24 hours of admission (95.1 vs. 82.9%, p = 0.004). In the adjusted analysis, PROM to delivery was 7 hours longer (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.9–10.0) and admission to delivery was 5.3 hours shorter (95% CI: 2.8–7.7) in the outpatient expectant management cohort. There were no differences in secondary outcomes.

Conclusion Outpatient management of term PROM is associated with longer PROM to delivery intervals, but shorter admission to delivery intervals.
A case of midline defect of posterior arch of atlas in a cadaver
Authors: AB Leena
Published: January 2020

During a routine osteology class for undergraduate students in Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, a median defect of posterior arch was found in the atlas of a cadaver. It was not a fracture as the edges were regular, round and smooth.There was no associated anomalies. These midline defects of posterior arch of atlas are sub divided both morphologically (types A-E) and clinically (sub groups 1-5) depending on the extent of absence of posterior arch and presence or absence of the posterior tubercle.The author presents a rare anomaly of a posterior arch partial aplasia which could be congenital. Since major neurologic deficits can be produced by a minor trauma, it is crucial to recognize this anomaly.
Bilateral bony bar bridging of the sigmoid sulcus : a case report
Authors: Kumar Navneet , Verma Rakesh Kumar , Pankaj Arvind Kumar , Rani Archana , Diwan Rakesh Kumar
Published: January 2020

The crest, plate and bars like bony projections may be present on sigmoid sulcus. The bony connection between petrous temporal and occipital bone may divide the jugnlar foramen. A skull with bilateral curved bony plate connecting the inner margin of groove for sigmoid sinus and petrous temporal was observed during routine osteology classes. The shape, size and location of both the bars were almost identical. These bony bars were connecting the posterior margin of petrous temporal and postero-lateral part of sigmoid sulcus. Structurally, they resembled as a part of ring. The location of the bar was more lateral on left side as compared to right side. Some bony erosion was also seen in the floor of sigmrid sulcus. Bilateral ossification and formation of bar at sigmoid sulcus is associated with venous sinus anomalies, dural ossification and intracranial calcifications.
Coping with the Unexpected: Patient Trust in Physicians following Delivery
Authors: Kole Martha B. , Ayala Nina K. , Clark Melissa A. , Has Phinnara , Werner Erika F.
Published: January 2020

Objective Patient's trust in physicians is a significant predictor of continuity, adherence, and satisfaction with care. However, it is unclear what influences a woman's trust in her physician. This study sought to determine if women's trust in their clinicians was affected by unexpected outcomes at the time of delivery.

Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of 300 postpartum women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Participants completed the validated Trust in Physician Scale during their postpartum hospitalization. Participants' scores were compared based on their exposure to an unexpected pregnancy outcome.

Results Of the 300 women consented to participate in this study, 294 completed the Trust in Physician Scale. The mean overall trust score was 80/100 with a range of 42 to 100. Unexpected pregnancy outcomes occurred in 41% (120) of women in this cohort. There was no significant difference in the trust score between women who did and did not have at least one unexpected outcome (0.79 vs. 0.79, p = 0.93). Additionally, there was no significant association between the trust score and any individual unexpected pregnancy outcome.

Conclusion Unexpected pregnancy outcomes are not associated with changes in women's trust in their obstetric clinicians. These results emphasize the antepartum period as the essential time for patient–physician relationship building which has important implications for postpartum follow-up and long-term psychiatric sequelae from unexpected outcomes.
Status of Women in Academic Ophthalmology
Authors: Tuli Sonal S.
Published: January 2020

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the status of women in academic ophthalmology in the United States and compare this to academic clinical departments in other clinical specialties.

Methods The study reviewed data from the American Association of Medical Colleges for the years 2003 to 2017. The number and percentage of women at different ranks, as well as number of women Chairs of clinical academic departments, were collected by specialty. The number of women residents from 2007 to 2017 was obtained from datasets published by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Trends of the percentage of women at different ranks were compared.

Results The percentage of women residents in ophthalmology has remained constant at around 42%, although it has declined slightly over the last 3 years. On the other hand, the number of women faculty in academic ophthalmology has gradually increased from 24 to 34% over 15 years. This increase has largely been at the Assistant Professor rank, with only a modest increase at the Professor rank.

Discussion The percentage of women in ophthalmology continues to lag behind the average for all clinical departments at every level. While this gender disparity is rapidly closing for Assistant Professors and slowly closing for Associate Professors and Chairs, it is widening for Professors. This demonstrates that women in ophthalmology are making some strides but are not being promoted to Professor at the same rate as other specialties. This may be the result of explicit and implicit biases, as well as phenomena such as imposter syndrome that are more common in women.
Surgical Importance of Middle Rectal Artery
Authors: Sonje Preeti Dnyandeo , Kanasker Neelesh Subhash , Vatsalaswamy P.
Published: January 2020

Background Middle rectal artery is one of the important arteries supplying the rectum, along with the superior and inferior rectal arteries. Study of middle rectal artery was undertaken as it is important in surgeries of rectal carcinoma.

Materials and Methods For the present study, 40 pelvises, fixed in 10% formalin, were procured from the Department of Anatomy of Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Sagittal section of pelvis was taken and dissection was performed following the steps according to the Cunningham’s manual.

Results Variations were found in the origin of middle rectal artery such as those arising from the internal pudendal artery in nine cases. In two cases, it was arising from the common stem of internal pudendal and inferior gluteal arteries. It was seen arising from the inferior vesical artery in one case, while in two cases the middle rectal artery was arising from the obturator artery.

Conclusion This is the artery that penetrates the fascia of the rectum which is important in mesorectal excision in cases of rectal carcinoma. It forms anastomosis with superior rectal artery. In low anterior resection of rectum, the middle rectal artery is always exposed.
Laparoscopic Gastrostomy Placement in Children Has Few Major, but Many Minor Early Complications
Authors: Kvello Morten , Knatten Charlotte Kristensen , Bjørnland Kristin
Published: January 2020

Introduction Laparoscopic gastrostomy (LAPG) is an increasingly popular alternative to more traditional gastrostomy techniques. This study evaluates early postoperative complications following LAPG and investigates risk factors for gastrostomy complications.

Materials and Methods Retrospective study of patients <16 years undergoing LAPG from 2005 to 2018. Early postoperative complications (<30 days) were grouped as gastrostomy-related or general and graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification for surgical complications.

Results A total of 104 patients, of which 54 (52%) had neurological impairment (NI), were included. Median age and weight were 1.2 years (1 day–15.2 years) and 8.9 kg (3.4–36), respectively. Operating time was median 37 minutes (19–86) and shorter in the second half of the patients (46 vs. 35 minutes, p = 0.04). A total of 40 (38%) patients experienced 53 gastrostomy-related complications. Of these, seven complications needed surgical treatment; severe leakage (2), too short gastrostomy button (1), feeding difficulties (1), gastric outlet obstruction (1), omentum trapped in umbilical port sutures (1), and suspected fascial defect (1). Stoma infection and granulation tissue were reported in 13 and 12%, respectively. Tube dislodgement occurred in six patients and was managed with bedside reinsertion in all. Gastrostomy-related complications were less frequent in NI patients (46 vs 22%, p = 0.01).

Conclusion LAPG is a safe procedure with few major complications, but a high rate of minor complications. Operating time declined during the study period, and NI patients had fewer gastrostomy-related complications.
Admissions and Emergency Visits by Late Preterm Singletons and Twins in the First 5 Years: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Isayama Tetsuya , O'Reilly Daria , Beyene Joseph , Lee Shoo K. , Shah Prakesh S. , Guttmann Astrid , McDonald Sarah D.
Published: January 2020

Objective To compare admission and emergency visits of late preterm (340/7–366/7 weeks) versus term infants (370/7–416/7 weeks) in the first 5 years.

Study Design This population-based cohort study included all singletons and twins born alive at 340/7 to 416/7 weeks' gestation registered in a health administrative database in Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2002 and December 31, 2012. Admissions and emergency visits from initial postnatal discharge to 5 years were compared between late preterm and term infants adjusting for maternal and infant characteristics.

Results A total of 1,316,931 infants (75,364 late preterm infants) were included. Late preterm infants had more frequent admissions than term infants in the first 5 years in both singletons (adjusted incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.46 [1.42–1.49]) and twins (1.21 [1.11–1.31]). The difference in admissions between late preterm and term infants were smaller in twins than singletons and decreased with children's ages. Twins had less frequent admissions than singletons for late preterm infants, but not for term infants. The emergency visits were more frequent in late preterm than term infants in all the periods.

Conclusion Admissions and emergency visits were more frequent in late preterm than term infants through the first 5 years. Admissions were less frequent in late preterm twins than singletons.
A powerful interferometer works by holding, not dropping, its atoms
Authors: Wilson R. Mark
Published: January 2020

After 20 seconds in an optical lattice, the gravitational potential-energy difference between two wavepackets separated by micrometers generates megaradians of phase.
A supercooled protein refolds unexpectedly
Authors: Middleton Christine
Published: January 2020

A small simulated peptide’s structure is shaped by the surrounding water’s anomalous dynamics.
Rare earths in a nutshell
Authors: Zhou Jianshi , Fiete Gregory A.
Published: January 2020

The elements’ electronic configurations help explain why the rare earths are key ingredients in dozens of technological products—cell phones, computer hard drives, and lasers among them.
Phylogenetic placement and the timing of diversification in Australia’s endemic Vachellia (Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoid Clade, Fabaceae) species
Authors: Comben D. F. , McCulloch G. A. , Brown G. K. , Walter G. H.
Published: January 2020

The genus Vachellia Wight & Arn. has a pantropical distribution, with species being distributed through Africa, the Americas, Asia and Australia. The relationships among the lineages from Africa and America are well understood, but the phylogenetic placement and evolutionary origins of the Australian species of Vachellia are not known. We, therefore, sequenced four plastid genes from representatives of each of the nine Australian species of Vachellia, and used Bayesian inference to assess the phylogenetic placement of these lineages, and a relaxed molecular clock to assess the timing of diversification. The Australian species of Vachellia form a well-supported monophyletic clade, with molecular-dating analysis suggesting a single dispersal into Australia 6.5 million years ago (95% range 13.9–2.7 million years ago). Diversification of the Australian clade commenced more recently, c. 3.1 million years ago (95% range 9.2–1.2 million years ago), perhaps driven by the increased aridification of Australia at this time. The closest relatives to the Australian Vachellia were not from the Malesian bioregion, suggesting either a long-distance dispersal from Africa, or two separate migrations through Asia. These results not only improve our understanding of the biogeography of Vachellia species, but also have significant implications for the biological control of invasive Vachellia species in Australia.
Fast zero-inflated negative binomial mixed modeling approach for analyzing longitudinal metagenomics data
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Yi Nengjun
Published: January 2020

Motivation

Longitudinal metagenomics data, including both 16S rRNA and whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing data, enhanced our abilities to understand the dynamic associations between the human microbiome and various diseases. However, analytic tools have not been fully developed to simultaneously address the main challenges of longitudinal metagenomics data, i.e. high-dimensionality, dependence among samples and zero-inflation of observed counts.

Results

We propose a fast zero-inflated negative binomial mixed modeling (FZINBMM) approach to analyze high-dimensional longitudinal metagenomic count data. The FZINBMM approach is based on zero-inflated negative binomial mixed models (ZINBMMs) for modeling longitudinal metagenomic count data and a fast EM-IWLS algorithm for fitting ZINBMMs. FZINBMM takes advantage of a commonly used procedure for fitting linear mixed models, which allows us to include various types of fixed and random effects and within-subject correlation structures and quickly analyze many taxa. We found that FZINBMM remarkably outperformed in computational efficiency and was statistically comparable with two R packages, GLMMadaptive and glmmTMB, that use numerical integration to fit ZINBMMs. Extensive simulations and real data applications showed that FZINBMM outperformed other previous methods, including linear mixed models, negative binomial mixed models and zero-inflated Gaussian mixed models.

Availability and implementation

FZINBMM has been implemented in the R package NBZIMM, available in the public GitHub repository http://github.com//nyiuab//NBZIMM.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Security Paradox. The Influence Of Governance-Type Organized Crime Over the Surrounding Criminal Environment
Authors: Aziani Alberto , Favarin Serena , Campedelli Gian Maria
Published: January 2020

This study empirically demonstrates how governance-type organized crime groups (OCGs) operate as an enforcer against volume crimes in the communities they control and argues that their ability to mitigate volume crimes forms an integral component of controlling their territory in the long term. This is because the costs incurred from deterring other crimes are offset by the tangible and intangible revenues that it facilitates. Indeed, combating volume crimes fosters an environment in which OCGs can conduct their activities unfettered by other criminals and law enforcement agencies, safeguard those businesses that pay them protection and curry favour amongst the population. Consequently, the present study verifies the validity of the security governance paradigm by conducting an econometric analysis of 11 different volume crimes.
Cost-Effective Care Coordination for People With Dementia at Home
Authors: Willink Amber , Davis Karen , Johnston Deirdre M , Black Betty , Reuland Melissa , Stockwell Ian , Amjad Halima , Lyketsos Constantine G , Samus Quincy M
Published: January 2020

Background and Objectives

People with dementia (PWD) represent some of the highest-need and highest-cost individuals living in the community. Maximizing Independence (MIND) at Home is a potentially cost-effective and scalable home-based dementia care coordination program that uses trained, nonclinical community workers as the primary contact between the PWD and their care partner, supported by a multidisciplinary clinical team with expertise in dementia care.

Research Design and Methods

Cost of care management services based on actual time spent by care management personnel over first 12 months of MIND at Home intervention was calculated for 342 MIND at Home recipients from Baltimore, Maryland and surrounding areas participating in a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) funded Health Care Innovation Award demonstration project. Difference-in-differences analysis of claims-based Medicaid spending of 120 dually-eligible MIND at Home participants with their propensity score matched comparison group (n = 360).

Results

The average cost per enrollee per month was $110, or $1,320 per annum. Medicaid expenditures of dually-eligible participants grew 1.12 percentage points per quarter more slowly than that of the matched comparison group. Most savings came from slower growth in inpatient and long-term nursing home use. Net of the cost of the 5-year MIND at Home intervention, 5-year Medicaid savings are estimated at $7,052 per beneficiary, a 1.12-fold return on investment.

Discussion and Implications

Managed care plans with the flexibility to engage community health workers could benefit from a low-cost, high-touch intervention to meet the needs of enrollees with dementia. Limitations for using and reimbursing community health workers exist in Medicare fee-for-service, which CMS should address to maximize benefit for PWD.
Population-Level Human Secretor Status Is Associated With Genogroup 2 Type 4 Norovirus Predominance
Authors: Arrouzet Cory J , Ellis Karen , Kambhampati Anita , Chen Yingxi , Steele Molly , Lopman Ben
Published: January 2020

Background

Noroviruses are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. Genogroup 2 type 4 (GII.4) has been the dominant norovirus genotype worldwide since its emergence in the mid-1990s. Individuals with a functional fucosyltransferase-2 gene, known as secretors, have increased susceptibility to GII.4 noroviruses. We hypothesized that this individual-level trait may drive GII.4 norovirus predominance at the human population level.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review for studies reporting norovirus outbreak or sporadic case genotypes and merged this with data on proportions of human secretor status in various countries from a separate systematic review. We used inverse variance-weighted linear regression to estimate magnitude of the population secretor-GII.4 proportion association.

Results

Two hundred nineteen genotype and 112 secretor studies with data from 38 countries were included in the analysis. Study-level GII.4 proportion among all noroviruses ranged from 0% to 100%. Country secretor proportion ranged from 43.8% to 93.9%. We observed a 0.69% (95% confidence interval, 0.19–1.18) increase in GII.4 proportion for each percentage increase in human secretor proportion, controlling for Human Development Index.

Conclusions

Norovirus evolution and diversity may be driven by local population human host genetics. Our results may have vaccine development implications including whether specific antigenic formulations would be required for different populations.
The Impact of Children's Temperament on How Parents Resolve Safety Disagreements During Preadolescence
Authors: Kane Alexa , Morrongiello Barbara A
Published: January 2020

Objectives

Parents play an important role in keeping their children safe. However, this becomes more difficult during preadolescence as children seek greater autonomy away from the direct supervision of adults. The current study focused on preadolescent youth (10–13 years) and examined parent–child disagreements about safety, with a focus on determining if child temperament attributes moderate the relation between how parents learn of these and resolve these disagreements.

Methods

A short-term longitudinal design was used. Parents and children retrospectively recalled safety disagreements together and then independently completed questionnaires about these. Parents then tracked disagreements over 1 month.

Results

The behavioral attributes of inhibitory control and risk-taking propensity both moderated the relationships between parental source of knowledge of safety disagreements and subsequent methods of resolution.

Conclusion

Safety-promotion messaging for parents of preadolescents may need to be tailored based on child attributes to maximize effectiveness.
BAT AGN spectroscopic survey - XV: the high frequency radio cores of ultra-hard X-ray selected AGN
Authors: Smith Krista Lynne , Mushotzky Richard F , Koss Michael , Trakhtenbrot Benny , Ricci Claudio , Wong O Ivy , Bauer Franz E , Ricci Federica , Vogel Stuart , Stern Daniel , Powell Meredith C , Urry C Meg , Harrison Fiona , Mejia-Restrepo Julian , Oh Kyuseok , Baek Junhyun , Chung Aeree
Published: January 2020

We have conducted 22 GHz radio imaging at 1 arcsec resolution of 100 low-redshift AGN selected at 14–195 keV by the Swift-BAT. We find a radio core detection fraction of 96 per cent, much higher than lower frequency radio surveys. Of the 96 radio-detected AGN, 55 have compact morphologies, 30 have morphologies consistent with nuclear star formation, and 11 have sub-kpc to kpc-scale jets. We find that the total radio power does not distinguish between nuclear star formation and jets as the origin of the radio emission. For 87 objects, we use optical spectroscopy to test whether AGN physical parameters are distinct between radio morphological types. We find that X-ray luminosities tend to be higher if the 22 GHz morphology is jet-like, but find no significant difference in other physical parameters. We find that the relationship between the X-ray and core radio luminosities is consistent with the LR/LX ∼ 10−5 of coronally active stars. We further find that the canonical fundamental planes of black hole activity systematically overpredict our radio luminosities, particularly for objects with star formation morphologies.