bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of boat mooring disturbance on productivity and respiration in rhodolith beds from Catalina Island, USA
Authors: Dolinar Dillon , Steller Diana , Gabara Scott , Beckley Billie , Kim Ju-Hyoung , Edwards Matthew
Published: January 2021

Aggregations of rhodoliths, habitat-forming, free-living coralline red algae, form beds throughout the world’s oceans. On Santa Catalina Island, California, USA, rhodolith beds occur in protected coves where dense networks of moorings support recreational boating activities. The chains and spreader lines associated with these moorings chronically disturb the benthos, crushing the rhodoliths and reducing biodiversity of rhodolith-associated communities. Here, we examine how mooring disturbance affects rhodolith photosynthesis and respiration and characterize rhodolith-associated invertebrate respiration to better understand how this disturbance affects productivity by the ecosystem. To do this, we used a respiration chamber in the laboratory to measure the amount of oxygen produced and/or consumed by undisturbed (intact) rhodoliths, mooring-disturbed (“crushed”) rhodolith fragments, and laboratory-crushed rhodoliths, and the amount of oxygen consumed by the dominant rhodolith-associated invertebrate taxa. Our results indicate that rhodolith maximum net productivity is significantly reduced and rhodolith respiration is significantly increased by mooring disturbance in the field, but that crushing of the rhodolith thalli alone does not result in immediate changes to either of these measures. Rather, it appears that chronic crushing of rhodolith thalli, which results in their mortality and rhodolith habitat degradation, is required to elicit these metabolic changes. In addition, we observed variation in respiration rates among the 5 most commonly observed invertebrate taxa within the Catalina Island rhodolith beds, and scaling these respiration rates by each species’ abundance in the rhodolith beds and in adjacent mooring-disturbed (degraded) habitats indicated that mooring disturbance results in a decrease in community respiration by approximately 2.61 mg O2·m–2·d–1, with individual species contributing between 0.05 mg O2·m–2·d–1 and 1.84 mg O2·m–2·d–1 to this decrease. This study provides insight into the consequences of anthropogenic disturbance on productivity and respiration in these ecologically important habitats.
Safety and Awareness of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak; A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Muhammad Shaib , Qureshi Yasmeen , Tabassum Rafia , Khaskheli Muhammad Saleh , Kumar Narendar , Abbas Jabbar , Kumari Geeta , Sultana Razia , Ahmer Arslan , Jamali Jameela
Published: January 2021

Objective: COVID-19 has affected millions of people throughout the world and due to the high rate of its spread, it is very vital to protect the people who are at the frontlines of COVID-19 positive cases. In this study, we have analyzed the level of awareness among the Healthcare Workers (HCWs) and level of preparedness by the Healthcare Authorities (HCA) for the safety of HCWs.

Study Design: Cross-sectional prospective study.

Subjects and Methods: Study was conducted online, for 3 months, from July to September 2020, at various Health Care Facilities (HCF) of Sindh, Pakistan. The survey instrument was circulated among the HCWs and a total of 419 filled forms were received and analyzed using SPSS 24.

Results: Out of 419 participants, 54.4% were male and 45.6% female. Half of the respondents were doctors (50.1%) with majority having 1-5 years (61.6%) of experience. It was found that the major sources of information of HCWs about COVID-19 was social media (80.4%) and only 18.6% of HCWs had trainings to deal with pandemics. HCA couldn’t manage to maintain adequate supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) as goggle/eye shields were available only to 20.5% HCWs, shoe covers to 24.3%, N95 masks to 28.5%.

Conclusion: We identified serious concern in the source of information but despite that the knowledge and awareness level was quite acceptable among our study respondents. However, greater efforts to be taken for training campaigns for HCWs as well as supply of PPE.
Development of Industrial and Firefighter Protective Cloth of Base Fabric and Comparison of Fire Retardant Performance
Authors: Ro Hoseung , Hong Hyunpil , Cho Jinwon , Park Myuongsu
Published: January 2021

To develop industrial and firefighter thermal protection cloth, 12 base fabrics were prepared from a combination of several types of sample, and their thermal performances were evaluated. Thermal performance comprises flame retardant capability, radiant protective performance, and thermal protective performance. Thermal protection performance has been assessed in accordance with ISO 15025, ISO 9151, ISO 6942, and ISO 17492. In this study, however, thermal protective performance was assessed only in accordance with ISO 15025. The results showed that Samples 1-6 satisfied the fire resistance criteria, whereas Samples 7-12 did not satisfy the fire resistance criteria. Additional thermal performance tests need to be conducted in follow-up studies.
A Study on the Development of Ring-Net using 2,040 MPa High Strength Steel Wire for Rockfall and Debris-Flow Barriers
Authors: Seo Sanghoon , Choi MinHyung
Published: January 2021

In this study, research was conducted on the development of Ring-Net, a major component of the Ring-Net System for the localization of a high-level debris-flow barrier, which is fully applied with foreign technology. Ring-Net was constructed using the 2,040 MPa class high-strength steel wire with a 2.8 mm diameter,. Its performance was verified through simulation and a 3-Ring Test (ETAG 027). As a result, the 3-Ring breaking load of 7-19/2.8/300 Ring-Net was analyzed to be 79.8-329.0 kN. The 3-Ring energy dissipating capacity was 2.9-8.7 kJ, which is equivalent to the performance of the Ring-Net made of 1,770 MPa class wires with a 3.0 mm diameter. However, since it can be manufactured with a 13% weight reduction compared to the existing technology, it is believed to be advantageous for lightening the high-level Rockfall & Debris Barrier and improving its construction capability.
Analysis of Major Rainfall Factors Affecting Inundation Based on Observed Rainfall and Random Forest
Authors: Kim Hyunil , Kim Byunghyun
Published: January 2021

It is important to analyze urban floods according to uncertain rainfall patterns. This study was carried out to determine key statistical characteristics of rainfall affecting the occurrences of flooding by using observed rainfall, one- and two-dimensional hydraulic analysis models, and random forests. The target area selected was the Centum City area of Busan, where flooding occurs frequently with heavy rainfall. For analysis, the rainfall data from the Automatic Weather System (AWS) and radar observatory in the entire city of Busan were collected. Using the results from the one- and two-dimensional numerical models, the occurrence of flooding was determined according to the observed rainfall events. The random forest was used to classify the presence or absence of flooding according to the statistical characteristics of rainfall, and the importance evaluation function was applied to determine the impact of each statistical factor. The three main statistical factors of rainfall with the greatest impact on the occurrence of flooding were analyzed as the 1-hr maximum rainfall, the average rainfall, and the skewness. On the other hand, the three main factors affecting the maximum flood depth were the 3-hrs maximum rainfall, the 1-hr maximum rainfall, and the total rainfall. It is judged that the results of this study will be useful in suggesting quantitative urban flood forecasting standards when rainfall is examined in real-time by using various observation equipment.
A Study on Establishment of Drought Index for Agricultural Disaster Prediction
Authors: Song Youngseok , Joo Jingul , Kim Hayong , Jeong Sangman , Park Moojong
Published: January 2021

This study aims to establish a drought index for disaster prediction in Gyeongsangnam-do, where the most agricultural drought damage occurred from 1965 to 2018. The drought index was analyzed for each duration (3, 6, 9, 12 months) targeting the SPI. Damage characteristics of the duration of agricultural drought were calculated. SPI for each duration of agricultural drought damage period in Gyeongsangnam-do was at least -2.0 or less, and the maximum was -1.0 or more, and weak and moderate drought were analyzed. However, due to the heavy rain effect during the rainy season, the average SPI12 was -1.06, and the impact of agricultural drought was negligible. It was analyzed that the correlation between the damage period of agricultural drought and the SPI by duration was high. However, there is not much difference in SPI for each duration to determine the occurrence of damage. In this study, the criterion for disaster prediction of agricultural drought was calculated as representative drought index by year as the minimum drought index of SPI for each duration of damage occurrence period of past agricultural drought. The Standard of drought index for disaster prediction was set to -1.64, the average of the SPI for each duration of year in which damage occurred in the past.
Analysis of Applicability of Grid-based Spatial Analysis Data for Flood Risk Assessment
Authors: Wang Won-joon , Kim Soojun , Kim Kyung Tak , Lee Choongke , Kim Hung Soo
Published: January 2021

The risk assessment techniques currently used in Korea have proven to have limitations as they provide flood risk assessments only. Although these assessment techniques comprehensively evaluate various factors such as wind and flood damage and social disruption, the administrative task-handling capacity is limited at the local government level. In this study, using electronic maps (which include building and road name addresses) and number of buildings in 31 cities and counties in Gyeonggi-do, only the statistical values located within the impact range of flood damage were extracted and evaluated for flood risk. The differences in statistical values resulting from data types were supplemented by the use of correction factors in the grid data. As a result of calculating the detailed index of each local government in Gyeonggi Province using the corrected grid data, the index was calculated in this order: Hwaseong, Yongin and Pyeongtaek. However, when the flood risk map and the number of overlapping buildings were used, the index was calculated in this revised order: Goyang City, Gwangmyeong City, and Gimpo City. This provided results that are more accurate than that of the existing methodologies.
Combination of monovalent and divalent sites on an associating species: Application to water
Authors: Haghmoradi Amin , Ballal Deepti , Fouad Wael A. , Wang Le , Chapman Walter G.
Published: January 2021

This contribution is in honor of Professor Keith E. Gubbins, an international leader in developing advances in statistical mechanics and molecular simulation for engineering applications. The research presented here extends the SAFT model that Chapman proposed and developed while a graduate student with Professor Gubbins. In this manuscript, a thermodynamic perturbation theory within a multi‐density formalism framework is extended to model species with a combination of monovalent and divalent association sites. Theory predictions are verified with Monte Carlo simulation results for different conditions of temperature, density, and angular size of the divalent site. The theory is applied to model water, where the two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom are represented with a divalent site that includes cooperative hydrogen bonding. The theory results are in good agreement with experiments for saturated densities, vapor pressure, internal energy, and extent of hydrogen bonding.
Old Drugs for New Purpose—Fast Pace Therapeutic Identification for SARS‐CoV‐2 Infections by Pharmacophore Guided Drug Repositioning Approach
Authors: Rampogu Shailima , Lee Keun Woo
Published: January 2021

The recent outbreak, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has caused a devastating effect globally with no effective treatment. A swift strategy to find effective therapeutics against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is to repurpose the approved drugs with a blend of computational techniques. In this pursuit an exhaustive computational methods were applied on DrugBank compounds targeting SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (Mpro). A structure‐based pharmacophore model was generated considering the interactions between the target and the inhibitor N3. The validated model was subjected to screen DrugBank database yielding 35 compounds. Further, evaluating the binding affinity studies with reference drug Remdesivir has resulted six candidates with higher molecular dock scores than the reference compound. These compounds have demonstrated firm molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) results forming stable protein‐drug complex demonstrating pharmacophore features. Taken together, our findings propose Viomycin, Enviomycin, Framycetin, Amikacin, Iopromide, and Paromomycin as potent putative inhibitors for COVID‐19 therapeutics.
The ABC‐LCA method for the integration of activity‐based costing and life cycle assessment
Authors: Jourdaine Marc , Loubet Philippe , Sonnemann Guido , Trébucq Stéphane
Published: January 2021

This article presents an approach to integrating life cycle assessment (LCA) into an activity‐based costing (ABC) model to develop a steering system that takes into account both financial costs and associated environmental impacts. By combining the formalism of LCA and ABC matrix calculations, we show how impact assessment results can be affiliated with costs to jointly and simultaneously compute the costs and environmental impacts of products and activities. The conditions of integration are developed following the four‐step structure of LCA. The proposal is applied to a simplified case study of the ‘Classic Pen Company.’ The developed ABC‐LCA approach paves the way for further test applications, which are considered useful in the context of environmental indicators for strategic steering, communication with customers and forecasting or simulation.
Corporate social responsibility corporate innovation: A cross‐country study of developing countries
Authors: Ullah Subhan , Sun Di
Published: January 2021

This paper explores the relationship between corporate social responsibility, corporate innovation, and corporate performance in developing countries. Firm level governance and corporate social responsibility data for 150 companies from 12 developing countries were collected from Datastream and Bloomberg for 2014–2019. The results show that in the context of developing countries there is no significant relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate innovation. Our findings raise concerns about the level of R&D investments and commitment to corporate social responsibilities in developing economies.
Using problems with wicked tendencies as vehicles for learning in higher professional education: Towards coherent curriculum design
Authors: Veltman Marieke E. , van Keulen J. , Voogt Joke M.
Published: January 2021

This study contributes to a deeper understanding of using problems with wicked tendencies as vehicles for learning in higher professional education (HPE). It was guided by this question: How can the features of problems, problem‐solving approaches and outcomes be aligned in HPE courses aiming to prepare students for addressing problems with wicked tendencies? A multiple case study design was used to investigate six courses in HPE. Data came from semi‐structured interviews with teachers, students and external stakeholders, observations and document study. Wickedness was defined in terms of complexity, uncertainty and value divergence. Findings showed nine characteristic manifestations of wickedness that students encounter and should learn to deal with. These manifestations pertain to the system‐like character, the changing patterns and the fragmented character of problems; the transdisciplinary, adaptive and participatory character of the problem‐solving process; and the integral, provisional and mutually‐shared character of outcomes. The study led to the generation of curriculum design principles for the design and implementation of courses that foster students' skills for addressing problems with wicked tendencies. The conjecture is that students' experiences of wickedness can create destructive tension leading to efforts to reduce this tension by reducing wickedness. Teachers should balance this tension, provide alignment of the dimensions of wickedness in problem, process and outcome and ensure the integration of these dimensions as such in a coherent curriculum design.
“Meet Them Where They Are”: Attentional Processes in Social Movement Listening
Authors: Johnson J. L.
Published: January 2021

I draw on Erving Goffman's Frame Analysis and Eviatar Zerubavel's sociology of attention to examine social movement communication as attempts to change hearts and minds by changing definitions of social problems. Specifically, I ask: When and how do bystanders entertain affective and cognitive disruptions? By what processes do movement bystanders listen to movements? I conceptualize social movement listening as a set of processes by which bystanders might entertain the affective and cognitive disruptions necessary for considering broader claims and symbols of movement activism. I demonstrate three types of attempts by movement actors to successfully create these listening possibilities: anchoring selves into social movements, accommodating anti‐criticalness, and reversing attentional socialization.
Digital Platforms in Climate Information Service Delivery for Farming in Ghana
Authors: Sarku Rebecca , Appiah Divine Odame , Adiku Prosper , Alare Rahinatu Sidiki , Dotsey Senyo
Published: January 2021

Phone-based applications, Internet connectivity, and big data are enabling climate change adaptations. From ICT for development and agriculture perspectives, great interest exists in how digital platforms support climate information provision for smallholder farmers in Africa. The vast majority of these platforms both private and public are for delivering climate information services and for data collection. The sheer number of digital platforms in the climate information sector has created a complex information landscape for potential information users, with platforms differing in information type, technology, geographic coverage, and financing structures and infrastructure. This chapter mapped the existing climate information services and examined their impact on policy and practices in smallholder farming development in Africa, with a focus on Ghana. Specifically, the chapter provides highlights of digital platforms available to smallholder farmers and agricultural extension agents, analyzes the public and/or private governance arrangements that underpin the implementation of digital climate information delivery, and assesses the potential of these platforms in scaling up the use of climate information. The chapter contributes to understanding the dynamics of climate information delivery with digital tools in Africa, and suggests a future research agenda.
From Samizdat to New Sincerity. Digital Literature on the Russian-Language Internet
Authors: Schmidt Henrike
Published: January 2021

Digital literature on the Russian-language Internet includes a broad variety of phenomena, from online libraries to writers’ blogs, from hypertext to Internet memes. The chapter begins by clarifying the terms “digital literature” and “Runet,” drawing on a functional understanding of literature in the tradition of Russian Formalism. It embeds Runet literary studies into global contexts and gives an overview of essential phenomena (hypertext, fan fiction, blogging) and narratives. It analyzes local discourses, which, in turn, attempt to make sense of global communication technologies, for example, by conceptualizing digital self-publishing as samizdat, that is, the historical phenomenon of clandestine underground publication in the post-Stalin Soviet Union. The chapter concludes with an overview of research approaches and methods, both qualitative and quantitative, and of the challenges that future analysis will face.
Run Runet Runaway: The Transformation of the Russian Internet as a Cultural-Historical Object
Authors: Asmolov Gregory , Kolozaridi Polina
Published: January 2021

The history of Runet is not just a chronological account of the major events in the Russian Internet space. We take a historical approach in order to identify the boundaries of Runet as an object of investigation. This chapter offers a framework for the examination of Runet as a constantly changing socio-technical object. Due to the participatory nature of its continuous construction, Runet has been addressed as a “runaway object” (Engeström, 2008). In order to follow the development of this “runaway Runet,” we identify and follow five interrelated vectors: the technological vector, the cultural vector, the media vector, the user vector and the political vector. This allows us not only to describe the history of Runet but also to contribute to an understanding of what it is and whether there is an “end to Runet.”
Deep Learning for the Russian Language
Authors: Artemova Ekaterina
Published: January 2021

Deep learning is a term used to describe artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. AI deals with how computers can be used to solve complex problems in the same way that humans do. Such technologies as computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP) are distinguished as the largest AI areas. To imitate human vision and the ability to express meaning and feelings through language, deep learning exploits artificial neural networks that are trained on real life evidence.

While most vision-related tasks are solved using common methods nearly irrespective of target domains, NLP methods strongly depend on the properties of a given language. Linguistic diversity complicates deep learning for NLP. This chapter focuses on deep learning applications to processing the Russian language.
Geospatial Data Analysis in Russia’s Geoweb
Authors: Makhortykh Mykola
Published: January 2021

The chapter examines the role of geospatial data in Russia’s online ecosystem. Facilitated by the rise of geographic information systems and user-generated content, the distribution of geospatial data has blurred the line between physical spaces and their virtual representations. The chapter discusses different sources of these data available for Digital Russian Studies (e.g., social data and crowdsourced databases) together with the novel techniques for extracting geolocation from various data formats (e.g., textual documents and images). It also scrutinizes different ways of using these data, varying from mapping the spatial distribution of social and political phenomena to investigating the use of geotag data for cultural practices’ digitization to exploring the use of geoweb for narrating individual and collective identities online.
Russia’s Digital Economy Program: An Effective Strategy for Digital Transformation?
Authors: Lowry Anna
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on the state program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” (2017) and its subsequent transformation into the national project (2018) to be implemented from 2018 to 2024. It examines the effectiveness of the government’s strategy in this area and provides an analysis of the program’s content in terms of its main objectives and mechanisms of implementation, drawing on the constructive criticism of the program in the literature. It also reviews the history of the development of the program, main actors involved in its design and implementation, and the nature of the decision-making process.
Personal Data Protection in Russia
Authors: Gurkov Alexander
Published: January 2021

This chapter considers the legal framework of data protection in Russia. The adoption of the Yarovaya laws, data localization requirement, and enactment of sovereign Runet regulations allowing for isolation of the internet in Russia paint a grim representation of state control over data flows in Russia. Upon closer examination, it can be seen that the development of data protection in Russia follows many of the steps taken at the EU level, although some EU measures violated fundamental rights and were invalidated. Specific rules in this sphere in Russia are similar to the European General Data Protection Regulation. This chapter shows the special role of Roskomnadzor in forming data protection regulations by construing vaguely defined rules of legislation.
An Overview of Belgian Legislation Applicable to Biobank Research and Its Interplay with Data Protection Rules
Authors: Lalova Teodora , Negrouk Anastassia , Dollé Laurent , Bekaert Sofie , Debucquoy Annelies , Derèze Jean-Jacques , Valcke Peggy , Kindt Els J. , Huys Isabelle
Published: January 2021

This contribution aims to present in a clear and concise manner the intricate legal framework for biobank research in Belgium. In Part 1, we describe the Belgian biobank infrastructure, with a focus on the concept of biobank. In Part 2, we provide an overview of the applicable legal framework, namely the Act of 19 December 2008 on Human Body Material (HBM), and its amendments. Attention is given to an essential piece of self-regulation, namely the Compendium on biobanks issued by the Federal Agency on Medicine Products and Health (FAMPH). Furthermore, we delineate the interplay with relevant data protection rules. Part 3 is dedicated to the main research oversight bodies in the field of biobanking. In Part 4, we provides several examples of the ‘law in context’. In particular, we discuss issues pertaining to presumed consent, processing of personal data associated with HBM, and information provided to the donor of HBM. Finally, Part 5 and 6 addresses the impact of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), suggests lines for further research, and outline the future possibilities for biobanking in Belgium.
Research Biobanking, Personal Data Protection and Implementation of the GDPR in France
Authors: Chassang Gauthier , Hisbergues Michael , Rial-Sebbag Emmanuelle
Published: January 2021

Since 1978 and the initial French data protection law (Loi n°78-17 du 6 Janvier 1978), consecutive modifications regarding the protection of personal health data, especially in 2004, 2016 and 2018, set up a strict legal regime for processing sensitive personal data, including for research purposes. In recent years, French law has evolved proactively and in parallel with the work of the European Union (EU) on the preparation of what became the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which has been in force since May 2018. This Chapter performs a state-of-art analysis (as of 1 July 2019) of the French legal framework for research biobanks and data protection rules applying to biobanking, in particular those related to data subjects’ rights and Article 89 of the GDPR. Firstly, it provides updated information about the national landscape of active research biobanks in France (Sect. 1). Secondly, it explores how the French law embodies the developments brought by the GDPR and how it envisages individuals’ rights in the context of research biobanking (Sects. 2 and 3). Thirdly, this Chapter analyses existing and potential national exemptions to individuals’ rights, including with regard to Article 89 GDPR, and how France conceives of processing activities of ‘public interest’ (Sect. 4). Finally, the authors address ongoing debates around bioethics law in France and argue for the creation of a specific Act focused on biobanking as a means of integrating, clarifying and developing not only data protection rules but also other activities related to samples, human or not, in a unique, operational and compact act (Sect. 5).
Biobanks and GDPR: A Look at the Portuguese Panorama
Authors: Barbosa Carla , da Costa Andrade Andreia
Published: January 2021

The need for the existence of biobanks for health research purposes is something of which government authorities have been aware for several years. One year after the full entry into force of the GDPR, the Portuguese legislature has finally passed the law that ensures the full implementation of the data protection regime’s points left open by the European legislature. However, Portugal has also in place a range of legislation regulating the establishment and functioning of biobanks. The regulation of biobanks for research purposes imposes special protection duties on scientific research activity in which biological samples and associated data are used in order to guarantee protection of privacy and confidentiality.
Biobank and Biomedical Research: Responsibilities of Controllers and Processors Under the EU General Data Protection Regulation
Authors: Nordberg Ana
Published: January 2021

Biobanks are essential infrastructures in current health and biomedical research. Advanced scientific research increasingly relies on processing and correlating large amounts of genetic, clinical and behavioural data. These data are particularly sensitive in nature and the risk of privacy invasion and misuse is high. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) developed and increased harmonisation, resulting in a framework in which the specific duties and obligations of entities processing personal data—controllers and processors—were defined. Biobanks, in the exercise of their functions, assume the role of controllers and/or processors and as such need to comply with a number of complex rules. This chapter analyses these rules in the light of Article 89 GDPR, which creates safeguards and derogations relating to ‘processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes’. It identifies key compliance challenges faced by biobanks as data controllers and processors, such as determining whether the GDPR is applicable and its intersection with other regulations; when a biobank should be considered controller and processor; and what are the main duties of biobanks as data controllers and processors and options for compliance.
Safeguards and Derogations Relating to Processing for Scientific Purposes: Article 89 Analysis for Biobank Research
Authors: Duguet Anne-Marie , Herveg Jean
Published: January 2021

When complying with appropriate safeguards, the processing of personal data for scientific research under the GDPR benefits from a special regime which is of interest for biobank research. On the one hand, under this condition, the further processing of personal data will not be incompatible with the initial purposes for which the data were originally collected and processed and it allows for retaining data for longer periods of time for scientific research. Complying with this condition is a condition to lift the prohibition to process special categories of personal data in the context of scientific research. On the other hand, complying with this condition makes it possible to derogate to some extent to several data subjects’ rights such as the right of access, the right to rectification, the right to the restriction of processing and the right to object to the processing.

Possible safeguards range from specific procedures to support the exercise of data subjects’ rights to the use of anonymous data or (where necessary) of pseudonymised data, the appointment of a data protection officer, enforcing a procedure to ensure a feedback to data subjects on the results of the research, requiring specific professional accreditations, creating a specific supervisory body for the biobank research, or the creation of a specific Code of conduct for biobank research activities.

This double regime under the GDPR is finally compared with the 2009 OECD Guidelines in biobanks and genetic research databases.
Brexit and Biobanking: GDPR Perspectives
Authors: Phillips Andelka M. , Hervey Tamara K.
Published: January 2021

At the time we wrote this chapter, we undertook the almost impossible task of providing a legal analysis of an event (Brexit) that had not happened and might never have happened. This chapter nonetheless contributes to the edited collection in that it reports on the then legal position in the UK, and presents an analysis of two possible immediate post-Brexit legal futures, for data protection law as applicable to biobanking in the UK. These post-Brexit futures are the position if the draft Withdrawal Agreement is ratified and comes into force, and the position if it does not (a so-called ‘No Deal’ Brexit). The chapter concludes with some thoughts on possible longer term futures. The main message is the deep uncertainties surrounding Brexit and what it means in both legal form and in practice.
Individualizing Workplace Learning with Digital Technologies
Authors: Barabasch Antje , Keller Anna
Published: January 2021

Vocational education and training (VET) at Swiss enterprises includes the work with various digital technologies. They ease administration of work hours, work tasks, evaluations or log book remarks; they support communication with peers, co-workers and trainers; and they come in handy for idea development and creative work. Overarching trends in terms of changing learning cultures in apprenticeship training, such as individualization, flexibilization, self-organized learning, project work or coaching, support the introduction of these technologies and also benefit from them. Based on three in-depth case studies, results on the usage and impact of digital technologies will be presented. This chapter addresses the following research questions: Which digital tools are used in workplace training? What are potential benefits and extended justifications for the use of digital tools? How are modern learning cultures impacting the use of digital tools? We will outline how and where digital technologies are used at the workplace in apprenticeship training, why management has introduced them and how apprentices and their trainers benefit from it. Based on our findings, we will draw conclusions about how learning cultures are influencing the use of technologies and vice versa how the introduction of these technologies shapes innovative learning cultures in VET.
Defending Union Values in Judicial Proceedings. On How to Turn Article 2 TEU into a Judicially Applicable Provision
Authors: Spieker Luke Dimitrios
Published: January 2021

This chapter centres on the question of how to address violations of EU values in judicial proceedings before the Court of Justice. Instead of relying on fundamental freedoms, EU secondary legislation or the Charter, this chapter explores a more promising path—engaging with Article 2 TEU itself. Yet this path rests on a crucial premise: the judicial applicability of the values enshrined in Article 2 TEU. Such a judicial applicability is far from self-evident and needs to be carefully construed. Based on recent jurisprudential developments, this chapter will propose ways to operationalise Article 2 TEU without curtailing its unrestricted scope of application. The judgments ofAssociação Sindical dos Juízes Portugueses,Minister for Justice and Equality(L.M.) andCommission v. Polandwill be at the heart of this contribution.
Thrombosis in Rheumatological Diseases
Authors: Bashal Fozya
Published: January 2021

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a disease of blood coagulation that occurs in the veins, most often in the calf veins first, from where it may extend and cause deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). The first described case of venous thrombosis that we know of dates back to the thirteenth century, when deep vein thrombosis was reported in the right leg of a 20-year-old man [1].
Vasculitis and Rheumatology
Authors: Hafiz Waleed
Published: January 2021

By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
Classification Criteria and Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Hassan Rola , Faruqui Hanan , Alquraa Reem , Eissa Ayman , Alshaiki Fatma , Cheikh Mohamed
Published: January 2021

Rheumatic diseases have many classification criteria and management guidelines that are continuously being updated in order to improve the quality of healthcare provision. With these ever-evolving criteria and guidelines, practicing clinicians need an easy way to get to the core of these updates and to retain them in an easy and memorable way. Classification criteria are meant to differentiate between similar diseases and also to confirm or rule out a certain disease based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The diagnosis of rheumatic diseases can be challenging since many clinical signs and symptoms as well as many laboratory markers are not specific and can be positive in many diseases.
Approaching the self-dual point of the sinh-Gordon model
Authors: Konik Robert , Lájer Márton , Mussardo Giuseppe
Published: January 2021

Abstract

One of the most striking but mysterious properties of the sinh-Gordon model (ShG) is the b → 1/b self-duality of its S-matrix, of which there is no trace in its Lagrangian formulation. Here b is the coupling appearing in the model’s eponymous hyperbolic cosine present in its Lagrangian, cosh(bϕ). In this paper we develop truncated spectrum methods (TSMs) for studying the sinh-Gordon model at a finite volume as we vary the coupling constant. We obtain the expected results for b ≪ 1 and intermediate values of b, but as the self-dual point b = 1 is approached, the basic application of the TSM to the ShG breaks down. We find that the TSM gives results with a strong cutoff Ec dependence, which disappears according only to a very slow power law in Ec. Standard renormalization group strategies — whether they be numerical or analytic — also fail to improve upon matters here. We thus explore three strategies to address the basic limitations of the TSM in the vicinity of b = 1. In the first, we focus on the small-volume spectrum. We attempt to understand how much of the physics of the ShG is encoded in the zero mode part of its Hamiltonian, in essence how ‘quantum mechanical’ vs ‘quantum field theoretic’ the problem is. In the second, we identify the divergencies present in perturbation theory and perform their resummation using a supra-Borel approximate. In the third approach, we use the exact form factors of the model to treat the ShG at one value of b as a perturbation of a ShG at a different coupling. In the light of this work, we argue that the strong coupling phase b > 1 of the Lagrangian formulation of model may be different from what is naïvely inferred from its S-matrix. In particular, we present an argument that the theory is massless for b > 1.
The Niederschlag fluorite-(barite) deposit, Erzgebirge/Germany—a fluid inclusion and trace element study
Authors: Haschke Sebastian , Gutzmer Jens , Wohlgemuth-Ueberwasser Cora C. , Kraemer Dennis , Burisch Mathias
Published: January 2021

The Niederschlag fluorite-barite vein deposit in the Western Erzgebirge, Germany, has been actively mined since 2013. We present the results of a first comprehensive study of the mineralogy, petrography, fluid inclusions, and trace element geochemistry of fluorite related to the Niederschlag deposit. Two different stages of fluorite mineralization are recognized. Stage I fluorite is older, fine-grained, associated with quartz, and forms complex breccia and replacement textures. Conversely, the younger Stage II fluorite is accompanied by barite and often occurs as banded and coarse crystalline open-space infill. Fluid inclusion and REY systematics are distinctly different for these two fluorite stages. Fluid inclusions in fluorite I reveal the presence of a low to medium saline (7–20% eq. w (NaCl+CaCl2)) fluid with homogenization temperatures of 140–180 °C, whereas fluorite II inclusions yield distinctly lower (80–120 °C) homogenization temperatures with at least two high salinity fluids involved (18–27% eq. w (NaCl+CaCl2)). In the absence of geochronological data, the genesis of the earlier generation of fluorite-quartz mineralization remains enigmatic but is tentatively related to Permian magmatism in the Erzgebirge. The younger fluorite-barite mineralization, on the other hand, has similarities to many fluorite-barite-Pb-Zn-Cu vein deposits in Europe that are widely accepted to be related to the Mesozoic opening of the northern Atlantic Ocean.
Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei) and its role in the evolutionary diversification of the coffee market
Authors: Toro-Zapata Hernán Darío , Trujillo-Salazar Carlos Andrés , Dercole Fabio , Olivar-Tost Gerard
Published: January 2021

The Coffee Berry Borer (CBB) is the main pest that affects coffee crops around the world, causing major economic losses and diminishing beverage quality. A mathematical model is formulated, from the perspective of the Adaptive Dynamics (AD) framework, to describe the evolution of coffee quality as a continuous differentiating attribute related to the mix of healthy and bored coffee. The study involves three stages: first, an agro-ecological model describes coffee production and growth of the CBB population prior to the processing of different qualities of coffee; second, a market model describes the competition between different blends of standard and special coffee; finally, the AD canonical equation is derived to describe the evolution of coffee quality resulting from innovations in the quality attribute filtered by market competition. Interestingly, AD allows to derive conditions for the emergence of diversity, i.e., the establishment of a second type of coffee that coexists with the former and, similarly, for subsequent branching in the quality attributes. The full model provides insights on the impact of CBB control strategies on the long-term market structure. Specifically, a strong control aimed at increasing coffee quality may impoverish the market diversity, independently of the consumers’ budget limitations and corresponding preference for either high or low quality.
Differential effects of sex on longitudinal patterns of cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Bakeberg Megan C. , Gorecki Anastazja M. , Kenna Jade E. , Jefferson Alexa , Byrnes Michelle , Ghosh Soumya , Horne Malcolm K. , McGregor Sarah , Stell Rick , Walters Sue , Chivers Paola , Winter Samantha J. , Mastaglia Frank L. , Anderton Ryan S.
Published: January 2021

Background

Cognitive impairment is an important and diverse symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Sex is a purported risk variable for cognitive decline in PD, but has not been comprehensively investigated.

Objectives

This cross-sectional and longitudinal study examined sex differences in global and domain-specific cognitive performance in a large PD cohort.

Methods

Cognitive function was evaluated using the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination in 392 people with PD (PwP) from the Australian Parkinson’s Disease Registry. The influence of sex on domain-specific cognitive performance was investigated using covariate-corrected generalised linear models. In a repeated measures longitudinal subset of 127 PwP, linear mixed models were used to assess the impact of sex on cognition over time, while accounting for covariates.

Results

Cross-sectional-corrected modelling revealed that sex was significantly predictive of cognitive performance, with males performing worse than females on global cognition, and memory and fluency domains. Longitudinally, sex was significantly predictive of cognitive decline, with males exhibiting a greater reduction in global cognition and language, whereas females showed a greater decline in attention/orientation, memory and visuospatial domains, despite starting with higher baseline scores. At follow-up, a significantly higher proportion of males than females fulfilled criteria for mild cognitive impairment or PD dementia.

Conclusions

Sex was revealed as a significant determinant of overall cognitive performance as well as specific cognitive domains, with a differential pattern of decline in male and female participants. Such sex-specific findings appear to explain some of the heterogeneity observed in PD, warranting further investigation of mechanisms underlying this sexual dimorphism.
Robotic Complete Mesocolic Excision (CME) is a safe and feasible option for right colonic cancers: short and midterm results from a single-centre experience
Authors: Siddiqi Najaf , Stefan Samuel , Jootun Ravish , Mykoniatis Ioannis , Flashman Karen , Beable Richard , David Gerald , Khan Jim
Published: January 2021

Background

Complete mesocolic excision (CME) for right colon cancers has traditionally been an open procedure. Surgical adoption of minimal access CME remains limited due to the technical challenges, training gaps and lack of level-1 data for proven benefits. Currently there is limited published data regarding the clinical results with the use of robotic CME surgery. Aim To report our experience, results and techniques, highlighting a clinical and oncological results and midterm oncological outcomes for robotic CME.

Aim

To report our experience, results and techniques, highlighting a clinical and oncological results and midterm oncological outcomes for robotic CME.

Methods

All patients undergoing standardised robotic CME technique with SMV first approach between January 2015 and September 2019 were included in this retrospective review of a prospectively collected database. Patient demographics, operative data and clinical and oncological outcomes were recorded.

Results

Seventy-seven robotic CME resections for right colonic cancers were performed over a 4-year period. Median operative time was 180 (128–454) min and perioperative blood loss was 10 (10–50) ml. There were 25 patients who had previous abdominal surgery. Median postoperative hospital stay was 5 (3–18) days. There was no conversion to open surgery in this series. Median lymph node count was 30 (10–60). Three (4%) patients had R1 resection. There was one (1%) local recurrence in stage III disease and 4(5%) distal recurrence in stage II and stage III. There was no 30- or 90-day mortality. Three-year disease-free survival was 100%, 91.7% and 92% for stages I, II and III, respectively. Overall survival was 94%.

Conclusions

Robotic CME is feasible, effective and safe. Good oncological results and improved survival are seen in this cohort of patients with a standardised approach to robotic CME.
Onkologische Prävention – inwiefern ist die Ernährung entscheidend?
Authors: Rohrmann Sabine , Hermann Silke
Published: January 2021

Hintergrund

Krebs ist eine der häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen in Deutschland und wird zu einem beträchtlichen Teil durch veränderbare Risikofaktoren verursacht.

Fragestellung

Welche Assoziationen gibt es zwischen Ernährungsfaktoren und einer Krebsentstehung?

Material und Methode

Narratives Review, das zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung vor allem systematische Übersichtsarbeiten und Metaanalysen heranzieht.

Ergebnisse

Derzeit werden alkoholische Getränke, rotes und verarbeitetes Fleisch, Salz und die glykämische Last als Risikofaktoren für zumindest einzelne Krebslokalisationen angesehen, während Obst, Gemüse, Ballaststoffe, Kaffee und teils Milch und Milchprodukte als protektive Faktoren gelten. Im Zusammenhang mit Ernährung gilt Adipositas als wichtigster Risikofaktor, der zudem selbst durch Ernährungsfaktoren beeinflusst wird. Zusammengenommen sind diese Faktoren für etwa 18 % aller Krebserkrankungen verantwortlich.

Schlussfolgerungen

Auch wenn Ernährungsfaktoren nicht an das Präventionspotenzial von Rauchen heranreichen, können sie das Risiko der Tumorentstehung, vor allem im Verdauungsbereich, beträchtlich reduzieren.