bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Amidation of C(sp2)—H Bonds: Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐2‐quinolinones.
Authors: Inamoto Kiyofumi , Saito Tadataka , Hiroya Kou , Doi Takayuki
Published: September 2010

The tosyl group is found to be the most effective one for N‐protection of the educts.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral 1‐Aryl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinolines by Cobalt‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of 1‐Aryl‐1,7‐octadiynes and Nitriles.
Authors: Hapke Marko , Kral Karolin , Fischer Christine , Spannenberg Anke , Gutnov Andrey , Redkin Dmitry , Heller Barbara
Published: September 2010

A similar reaction of 1‐aryl‐1,6‐heptadiynes is also possible, but it proceeds without asymmetric induction.
ChemInform Abstract: Retropinacol Rearrangement in the Synthesis of 3,3,4‐Trimethyl‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Shklyaev Yu. V. , Gilev M. Yu. , Maiorova O. A.
Published: September 2010

Three‐component condensation of veratrole (I) with pivalaldehyde and nitriles in conc.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclization of Ethyl 1‐Alkyl‐5‐benzoyl‐6‐methylsulfanyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyridine‐3‐carboxyla tes into Bicyclic N‐Alkyl‐5‐benzoyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyridine‐3‐carboxamide Derivatives by the Action of Nitrogen‐Containing 1,4‐ and 1,5‐Binucleophiles.
Authors: Britsun V. N. , Esipenko A. N. , Gutov A. V. , Chernega A. N. , Lozinskii M. O.
Published: September 2010

Recyclization of the title compounds provides a new synthetic route to previously unknown fused 3‐alkylcarbamoyl‐5‐benzoylpyridin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Dialkylaminoalkylamino Benzo[c][1,7] and [1,8]Phenanthrolines as Antiproliferative Agents.
Authors: Serbetci Tuba , Genes Constance , Depauw Sabine , Prado Soizic , Poree Francois‐Hugues , Hildebrand Marie‐Paule , David‐Cordonnier Marie‐Helene , Michel Sylvie , Tillequin Francois
Published: September 2010

Title compounds (IV) as well as its [1,8]‐regioisomers display more potent cytotoxicity toward L1210 cells than the unsubstituted parent compounds, associated with strong DNA interaction.
ChemInform Abstract: First Biological Evaluation of Developed 3‐Benzyloxyfluorenes as Novel Class of MDR Modulators.
Authors: Krug Martin , Voigt Burkhardt , Baumert Christiane , Luepken Ralf , Molnar Josef , Hilgeroth Andreas
Published: September 2010

Title compounds (VI) are synthesized and evaluated as novel multidrug resistance (MDR) modulators.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual [4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Reaction Between Electron‐Poor 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienes and Electron‐Poor Alkenes: Useful Entry to Novel Tetrahydropyridazines.
Authors: D'Auria Maurizio , Racioppi Rocco , Attanasi Orazio A. , Mantellini Fabio
Published: September 2010

The process provides novel title compounds whose regioselectivity can be explained by interaction of the diene LUMO and the alkene HOMO.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Benzimidazole—Pyrimidine Conjugates as Potent Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Abdel‐Mohsen Heba T. , Ragab Fatma A. F. , Ramla Mostafa M. , El Diwani Hoda I.
Published: September 2010

A convergent synthesis provides the required target compound (III) which is subsequently halogenated to afford the highly activated intermediate (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Analgesic, anti‐Pyretic and DNA Cleavage Studies of Novel Pyrimidine Derivatives of Coumarin Moiety.
Authors: Keri Rangappa S. , Hosamani Kallappa M. , Shingalapur Ramya V. , Hugar Mallinath H.
Published: September 2010

Some of the newly synthesized compounds, e.g. (Va), show significant anti‐pyretic activities comparable with standard drug aspirine.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New Bis‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones by Using Silica‐Supported Tin Chloride and Titanium Tetrachloride.
Authors: Niknam Khodabakhsh , Hasaninejad Alireza , Arman Madihe
Published: September 2010

Reaction times and yields are similar under conditions A) and B).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Novel Series of Spiro[(2h,3H)quinazoline‐2,1′‐cyclohexan]‐4(1H)‐one Derivatives as Antiinflammatory and Analgesic Agents.
Authors: Amin K. M. , Kamel M. M. , Anwar M. M. , Khedr M. , Syam Y. M.
Published: September 2010

Three series of title derivatives attached to aromatic and/or heterocyclic ring systems are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Chromeno[2,3‐b]‐pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Rai U. Sankappa , Isloor Arun M. , Shetty Prakash , Vijesh A. M. , Prabhu Nithin , Isloor Shrikrishna , Thiageeswaran M. , Fun Hoong‐Kun
Published: September 2010

All newly synthesized chromeno[2,3‐b]‐pyrimidines (I) are screened for their antibacterial activity by MIC method.
ChemInform Abstract: [4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition of Alkyl Vinyl Ethers to 3‐Aroylpyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline‐1,2‐dione.
Authors: Silaichev P. S. , Kryuchkova M. A. , Maslivets A. N.
Published: September 2010

The title reaction results in the efficient formation of new, difficultly accessible bridged heterocycles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosylation, Sugar Hydrazones, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some 6‐Substituted‐1,2,4‐triazines.
Authors: El‐Barbary A. A. , Hafiz Y. A. , Abdel‐Wahed M. S.
Published: September 2010

Some reactions of 6‐substituted‐1,2,4‐triazines of type (I) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Potential Cytotoxic Activity of New Phenanthrylphenol‐Pyrrolobenzodiazepines.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Sreekanth Kokkonda , Kumar P. Praveen , Shankaraiah Nagula , Balakishan G. , Ramaiah M. Janaki , Pushpavalli S. N. C. V. L. , Ray Paramita , Bhadra Manika Pal
Published: September 2010

The potential of title compounds (V) as anticancer agents is evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Substitution of Ferrocenyl Alcohols by Cerium Ammonium Nitrate: C—N, C—S, and C—O Bonds Formation.
Authors: Jiang Ran , Zhang Ying , Shen Ye‐Chen , Zhu Xu , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: September 2010

Ferrocenyl alcohols undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions to give the arylamine, thioether, and ether products (III), (V), and (VII) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of C‐Propargylic Esters of N‐Protected Amino Acids and Peptides.
Authors: Bew Sean P. , Hiatt‐Gipson Glyn D.
Published: September 2010

The method works well for Boc‐ and Cbz‐protected substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Fructo‐ and D‐Psicofuranosylation Reactions Catalyzed by Scandium Triflate.
Authors: Yamanoi Takashi , Ishiyama Toshiaki , Oda Yoshiki , Matsuda Sho , Watanabe Mikio
Published: September 2010

Several novel disaccharides, e.g. derivatives (III)/(IV) and (VII)/(VIII), are readily prepared by scandium‐catalyzed glycosidation of sugar alcohols with acetates (I) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly α‐Selective Synthesis of Sialyl Spirohydantoins by Regiospecific Domino Condensation/O→N Acyl Migration/N‐Sialylation of Carbodiimines with Peracetylated Sialic Acid.
Authors: Zhang Dengyou , Ye Deju , Feng Enguang , Wang Jinfang , Shi Jianmei , Jiang Hualiang , Liu Hong
Published: September 2010

The new and efficient approach affords title compounds which are of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Intramolecular Photocycloaddition—Retro‐Mannich Fragmentation as a Route to Spiro[pyrrolidine‐3,3′‐oxindoles]. Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Coerulescine (VIa), (.+‐.)‐Horsfiline (VIb), (.+‐.)‐Elacomine (VII), and (.+‐.)‐6‐Deoxyelacomine (VIII).
Authors: White James D. , Li Yang , Ihle David C.
Published: September 2010

Irradiation of tryptamine derivatives like (I) leads to fused cyclobutanes which spontaneously undergo retro‐Mannich reaction as a new approach to spiro compounds such as (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2′‐Fluoro and 2′,4′‐Dimethyl Pyrimidine C‐Nucleoside Analogues as Potential anti‐HCV Agents.
Authors: Liu Lian Jin , Hong Joon Hee
Published: September 2010

The title compounds, e.g. (XI) exhibit no activity or cytotoxicity in the HCV (hepatitis‐C virus) assay.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Novel SATE Derivatives of Acyclic Isocytosine and 9‐Deazaadenine C‐Nucleosides.
Authors: Liu Lian Jin , Hong Joon Hee
Published: September 2010

Lipophilic prodrugs of acyclic cyclobutylated C‐nucleosides, isocytosine (VI) and 9‐deazaadenine (XI), are prepared by applying the bis(SATE) approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Modification of Usnic Acid. Part 3. Reaction of (+)‐Usnic Acid with Substituted Phenylhydrazines.
Authors: Luzina O. A. , Polovinka M. P. , Salakhutdinov N. F. , Tolstikov G. A.
Published: September 2010

The reaction of (+)‐usnic acid (I) with arylhydrazines (II) leads to the fused pyrazole derivatives (III), whilst the reaction with nitrophenylhydrazines (V) gives rise to hydrazones (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Novel Benzofuran Neolignan Derivatives.
Authors: Fan Hua‐Fang , Ren Ying‐Mei , Wu Xiu‐Ling , Wang Qiu‐An
Published: September 2010

Different prenyl and farnesyl substituted neolignans, e.g. (I), are synthesized via a biomimetic reaction sequence involving oxidative dimerization of methyl ferulate and tested for their cytotoxic activity against several tumor cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Seven Novel Linear Polyketides from Xylaria sp. NCY2
Authors: Hu Zhi‐Yu , Li Yao‐Yao , Lu Chun‐Hua , Lin Ting , Hu Ping , Shen Yue‐Mao
Published: September 2010

isolation and structure elucidation of xylariates A (III), B (IV), C (V), and D (VII), and some derivatives (I), (II), (VI)
ChemInform Abstract: Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Ensembles
Authors: Petracic O.
Published: September 2010

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Structure Alternatives in Nitrosylruthenium Complexes
Authors: Lahiri Goutam Kumar , Kaim Wolfgang
Published: September 2010

Review: 166 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Some Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Complexes Based on Polyoxometalates
Authors: Lu Can‐Zhong , Zhai Quan‐Guo , Wu Xiao‐Yuan , Chen Li‐Juan , Chen Shu‐Mei , Zhao Zhen‐Guo , Jiang Xiao‐Yu
Published: September 2010

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Engineering of Coordination Polymers via Solvothermal in situ Metal—Ligand Reactions
Authors: Zhang Jie‐Peng , Chen Xiao‐Ming
Published: September 2010

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Halonitroimidazoles with Nucleophiles
Authors: Aleksandrova E. V. , Kravchenko A. N. , Kochergin P. M.
Published: September 2010

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Progress in Monomeric Phthalocyanine Chemistry: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Properties
Authors: Ni Zhonghai , Li Renjie , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: September 2010

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoride Ion Complexation and Sensing Using Organoboron Compounds
Authors: Wade Casey R. , Broomsgrove Alexander E. J. , Aldridge Simon , Gabbai Francois P.
Published: September 2010

Review: 196 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Ligand Design for the Intermolecular Asymmetric Mizoroki—Heck Reaction
Authors: Coeffard Vincent , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: September 2010

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to the 2008 New Drugs
Authors: Liu Kevin K.‐C. , Sakya Subas M. , O'Donnell Christopher J. , Li Jin
Published: September 2010

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Native Chemical Ligation Applied to the Synthesis and Bioengineering of Circular Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Clark Richard J. , Craik David J.
Published: September 2010

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Picrotoxanes
Authors: Goessinger Edda
Published: September 2010

Review: 286 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Soluble Fluorescent Conjugated Polymers and Their Interactions with Biomacromolecules for Sensitive Biosensors
Authors: Feng Xuli , Liu Libing , Wang Shu , Zhu Daoben
Published: September 2010

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Clinical Research on Improvement of Glucose Metabolic Marker Level by Coffee Drinking — Validity of Saliva Caffeine Concentration Measurement
Authors: Okada Tomoko , Kobayashi Daisuke , Kono Suminori , Shimazoe Takao
Published: September 2010

Review: 10 refs.
Chiral separation of neonicotinoid insecticides by polysaccharide‐type stationary phases using high‐performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Jin Lixia , Zhou Shanshan , Zhang Yifan , Feng Shuoli , Zhou Qinyan
Published: September 2010

The enantiomeric separations of three neonicotinoid insecticides (identified as compounds 1, 2, and 3) were performed on three polysaccharide‐type chiral columns, that is, Chiralcel OD‐H, Chiralpak AD‐H, and Chiralpak IB, by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). Effects of the modifier percentage and column temperature on chiral recognitions of chiral stationary phases were also studied. Both 1 and 2 could be resolved on all three columns selected, with the highest Rs values obtained on Chiralpak AD‐H and Chiralcel OD‐H, respectively. However, satisfactory separation of the four stereoisomers of 3 was only achieved on Chiralcel OD‐H. Considering the effects of ethanol on the values of k, α, and Rs, we concluded that hydrogen bonding, π–π, and/or dipole–dipole interactions might be all responsible for the chiral separation. In comparison to HPLC, a shorter run time was achieved for 1 and 2 by SFC. However, 3 could not be stereoselectively resolved using SFC. On the basis of the calculated thermodynamic parameters, we found that the separation processes of enantiomers of 1 and 2 were entropy controlled and enthalpy controlled, respectively. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thalamocortical pathway specialization for sound frequency resolution
Authors: Storace Douglas A. , Higgins Nathan C. , Read Heather L.
Published: September 2010

Core auditory cortices are organized in parallel pathways that process incoming sensory information differently. In the rat, sound filtering properties of the primary (A1) and ventral (VAF) auditory fields are markedly different, yet both are core regions that by definition receive most of their thalamic input from the ventral nucleus (MGBv) of the medial geniculate body (MGB). For example, spike rate responses to sound intensity and frequency are more narrowly resolved in VAF vs. A1. Here we question whether there are anatomic correlates of the marked differences in response properties in these two core auditory fields. Combined Fourier optical imaging and multiunit recording methods were used to map tone frequency responses with high spatial resolution in A1, VAF, and neighboring cortices. The cortical distance representing a given octave was similar, yet response frequency resolution was about twice as large in VAF as in A1. Retrograde tracers were injected into low‐ and high‐isofrequency contours of both regions to compare MGBv label patterns. The distance between clusters of MGBv neurons projecting to low‐ and high‐isofrequency contours in the cortex was twice as large in caudal as in rostral MGB. This suggests that differences in A1 and VAF frequency resolution are related to the anatomic spatial resolution of frequency laminae in the thalamus, supporting a growing consensus that antecedents of cortical specialization can be attributed in part to the structural and functional characteristics of thalamocortical inputs. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:177‐193, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of interstitial branching in the development of visual corticocortical connections: A time‐lapse and fixed‐tissue analysis
Authors: Ruthazer Edward S. , Bachleda Amelia R. , Olavarria Jaime F.
Published: September 2010

We combined fixed‐tissue and time‐lapse analyses to investigate the axonal branching phenomena underlying the development of topographically organized ipsilateral projections from area 17 to area 18a in the rat. These complementary approaches allowed us to relate static, large‐scale information provided by traditional fixed‐tissue analysis to highly dynamic, local, small‐scale branching phenomena observed with two‐photon time‐lapse microscopy in acute slices of visual cortex. Our fixed‐tissue data revealed that labeled area 17 fibers invaded area 18a gray matter at topographically restricted sites, reaching superficial layers in significant numbers by postnatal day 6 (P6). Moreover, most parental axons gave rise to only one or occasionally a small number of closely spaced interstitial branches beneath 18a. Our time‐lapse data showed that many filopodium‐like branches emerged along parental axons in white matter or deep layers in area 18a. Most of these filopodial branches were transient, often disappearing after several minutes to hours of exploratory extension and retraction. These dynamic behaviors decreased significantly from P4, when the projection is first forming, through the second postnatal week, suggesting that the expression of, or sensitivity to, cortical cues promoting new branch addition in the white matter is developmentally down‐regulated coincident with gray matter innervation. Together, these data demonstrate that the development of topographically organized corticocortical projections in rats involves extensive exploratory branching along parental axons and invasion of cortex by only a small number of interstitial branches, rather than the widespread innervation of superficial cortical layers by an initially exuberant population of branches. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4963–4979, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurogenic hippocampal targets of deep brain stimulation
Authors: Encinas Juan M. , Hamani Clement , Lozano Andres M. , Enikolopov Grigori
Published: September 2010

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is being used to treat movement, neurological, and psychiatric disorders; recently it has been successfully applied to patients with treatment‐resistant depression or in minimally conscious state. In addition to its clinical importance, DBS presents a powerful approach to target specific neural circuits and determine the functional relationship between the components of these circuits. We examined the effect of high‐frequency stimulation of a crucial component of the limbic circuitry, the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN), on the generation of new neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, another component of the same circuitry. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis emerges as a strong correlate of antidepressant treatments; however, in most cases, the progenitor cell population targeted by a specific treatment is not known. Using reporter mouse lines designed to quantify changes in selected classes of neural progenitors, we found that high‐frequency stimulation of the ATN increases symmetric divisions of a defined class of neural progenitors in the DG; this effect is later manifested as an increased number of new neurons. The affected class of neural progenitors is also affected by the antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac) and physical exercise (running). This indicates that neurogenic stimuli of different natures can converge on the same neurogenic target in the DG. Our results also suggest that hippocampal neurogenesis may be used as a sensitive indicator of the limbic circuitry activation induced by DBS. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:6‐20, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interconnected cortical networks between primary somatosensory cortex septal columns and posterior parietal cortex in rat
Authors: Lee Taehee , Alloway Kevin D. , Kim Uhnoh
Published: September 2010

Visual and somesthetic cues are used for spatial processing in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of the mammalian brain. In rats, somatic information collected by the mystacial whiskers is critically involved in constructing a neural representation of the external space. Here, we delineated the topography of the cortical pathway from the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) that may deliver vibrissal cues to PPC for spatial processing. For anterograde tracing, we made small injections of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into SI barrel cortex. The injections in the regions directly above the septal compartments produced dense terminals in PPC, whereas injections above the center of the barrels resulted in sparse terminals. For retrograde tracing, we made large injections of cholera toxin subunit B (CtB) in PPC. Retrogradely labeled neurons within SI barrel cortex formed multiple, parallel strips. In layer IV, these strips of labeled neurons were confined within the septal rows, extending from barrel arc position 0 to 5. In the extragranular layers, labeled neurons were clustered primarily within the vertical extensions of the septal rows and extended to the edges of neighboring barrel columns. Based on these findings, in which SI projections to PPC arise mainly from the septal columns, we hypothesize that septal columns may form interconnected cortical networks that engage in spatial information processing contingent on somestheic cues. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:405–419, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurons with cholinergic phenotype in the visual system of Drosophila
Authors: Varija Raghu Shamprasad , Reiff Dierk F. , Borst Alexander
Published: September 2010

The optic lobe of Drosophila houses about 60,000 neurons that are organized in parallel, retinotopically arranged columns. Based on the Golgi‐staining method, Fischbach and Dittrich ([1989] Cell Tissue Res 258:441–475) determined that each column contains about 90 identified cells. Each of these cells is supposed to release one or two different neurotransmitters. However, for most cells the released neurotransmitter is not known. Here we characterize the vast majority of the neurons in the Drosophila optic lobe that release acetylcholine (Ach), the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the insect central nervous system. We employed a promoter specific for cholinergic neurons and restricted its activity to single or a few cells using the MARCM technique. This approach allowed us to establish an anatomical map of neurons with a cholinergic phenotype based on their branching pattern. We identified 43 different types of neurons with a cholinergic phenotype. Thirty‐one of them match previously described members of nine different subgroups: Transmedullary (Tm), Transmedullary Y (TmY), Medulla intrinsic (Mi, Mt, and Pm), Bushy T (T), Translobula Plate (Tlp), and Lobula intrinsic (Lcn and Lt) neurons (Fischbach and Dittrich [1989]). Intriguingly, 12 newly identified cell types suggest that previous Golgi studies were not saturating and that the actual number of different neurons per column is higher than previously thought. This study and similar ones on other neurotransmitter systems will contribute towards a columnar wiring diagram and foster the functional dissection of the visual circuitry in Drosophila. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:162‐176, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comment on the paper “Contribution to the stability analysis of the dewetted Bridgman growth under microgravity conditions”
Authors: Duffar T. , Epure S.
Published: September 2010

New considerations of the stability problem of dewetting, as addressed in the initial paper [Cryst. Res. Technol. 39, 491 (2004)], show that, in the most general case, when dewetting occurs in microgravity it is necessarily stable. This explains why the phenomenon has been observed so many times during solidification of semiconductors in space. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
One‐Pot Two‐Step Oxidative Cleavage of 1,2‐Arylalkenes to Aryl Ketones Instead of Arylaldehydes in an Aqueous Medium: A Complementary Approach to Ozonolysis
Authors: Sharma Naina , Sharma Abhishek , Kumar Rakesh , Shard Amit , Sinha Arun K.
Published: September 2010

A new approach has been developed for a one‐pot and selective oxidative cleavage of aryl‐ and 1,2‐diarylalkenes leading to one‐carbon shorter aryl ketones; thereby, providing a complementary approach to classical ozonolysis. The methodology was applicable to diverse aromatic and polyaromaticarylalkenes bearing electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing groups on the aromatic ring. The protocol also provided a useful one‐pot oxidative cleavage–condensation sequence, which could potentially have important applications in natural product total synthesis.
Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor for Glucose Based on Graphene/Nafion/GOD Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Chen Xiaoping , Ye Huazhen , Wang Wanzong , Qiu Bin , Lin Zhenyu , Chen Guonan
Published: September 2010

Glucose oxidase(GOD) was encapsulated in the Graphene/Nafion film modified glassy carbon electrode(GCE) and used as an ECL sensor for glucose. The GOD retains its bioactivity after being immobilized into the composite film. The sensor gives a linear response for glucose in the range of 2.0×10−6–1.0×10−4 mol/L with a detection limit of 1.0×10−6 mol/L. The sensor showed good stability, the RSD for continuous scanning for 5.0×10−5 mol/L glucose was 4.21 % (n=5). After being stored in 0.05 mol/L pH 7.4 PBS in 4 °C for two weeks, the modified electrode maintains 80 % of its initial activity. The glucose sensor provides new opportunity for clinical diagnosis applications.
Graphene Nanosheets Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode as a Highly Sensitive and Selective Voltammetric Sensor for Rutin
Authors: Du Haijun , Ye Jianshan , Zhang Jiaqi , Huang Xiaodan , Yu Chengzhong
Published: September 2010

Graphene nanosheets modified glassy carbon electrode (GNs/GCE) was fabricated as voltammetric sensor for rutin with good sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility. The sensor exhibits an adsorption‐controlled, reversible two‐proton and two electron transfer reaction for the oxidation of rutin with a peak‐to‐peak separation (ΔEp) of 26 mV as revealed by cyclic voltammetry. Moreover, the redox peak current increased about 14 times than that on bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The linear response of the sensor is from 1×10−7 to 1×10−5 M with a detection limit of 2.1 × 10−8 M (S/N = 3). The method was successfully applied to determine rutin in tablets with satisfied recovery.
Effect of Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide on Electrochemical Determination of Dexamethasone
Authors: Goyal Rajendra N. , Chatterjee Sanghamitra , Rana Anoop Raj Singh
Published: September 2010

The effect of surfactants on the electrochemical determination of dexamethasone at an edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (EPPGE), modified with single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) has been investigated. The unique electrocatalytic properties of SWNT along with the synergistic adsorption of CTAB on SWNT lead to sensitive voltammetric response of dexamethasone with the reduction peak at ca. −1195 mV. The limit of detection and sensitivity of dexamethasone is estimated to be 9.1×10−10 M and 0.727 µA µM−1 respectively. The SWNT coated EPPGE had good stability and reproducibility. The analytical utility of the developed method was evaluated by applying it for sensing the drug in human body fluids and for the determination of dexamethasone content in several commercially available pharmaceutical preparations. A comparison of the observed results of proposed method with HPLC clearly indicates that the results of both the methods are in good agreement. The product obtained after the reduction of dexamethasone has also been characterized using 1H NMR and carbonyl group at position 3 has been found to reduce. The method is instant, simple and accurate and can be easily applied for detecting cases of doping.
Hot Electron Induced Cathodic Electrochemiluminescence at Disposable Screen Printed Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Wu Ai‐Hong , Sun Jian‐Jun , Fang Yi‐Min , Zheng Rui‐Juan , Chen Guo‐Nan
Published: September 2010

Hot electron induced cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was observed at screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) during pulse polarization. The thin insulating film resulted from the printing inks was found to be suitable for generating hot electrons, which can further be converted to hydrated electrons and induce the subsequent luminescence. Compared with disposable Al/Al2O3 electrode, SPCEs show more stable and reproducible ECL in a wider pH range without background emission. A sensitive ECL method for determination of quercetin is proposed. The detection limit is 8.0×10−10 mol L−1(S/N=3), which is two magnitudes lower than that of common ECL method.
Sensitive Determination of the Diquat Herbicide in Fresh Food Samples on a Highly Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Melo Luisa Célia , De Souza Djenaine , de Lima‐Neto Pedro , Correia Adriana Nunes
Published: September 2010

The highly boron‐doped diamond electrode (HBDD) combined with square wave voltammetry (SWV) was used in the development of an analytical procedure for diquat determination in potato and sugar cane samples and lemon, orange, tangerine and pineapple juices. Preliminary experiments realised in a medium of 0.05 mol L−1 Na2B4O7 showed the presence of two voltammetric peaks around −0.6 V and around −1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl/Cl− 3.0 mol L−1, where the first peak could be successfully used for analytical proposes due the facility in the electrode surface renovation. After the experimental and voltammetric optimisation, the calculated detection and quantification limits were 1.6×10−10 mol L−1 and 5.3×10−10 mol L−1 (0.057 µg L−1 and 0.192 µg L−1, respectively), which are lower than the maximum residue limit established for fresh food samples by the Brazilian Sanitary Vigilance Agency. The proposed methodology was used to determine diquat residues in potato and sugar cane samples and lemon, orange, tangerine and pineapple juices and the calculated recovery efficiencies indicated that the proposed procedure presents higher robustness, stability and sensitivity, good reproducibility, and is very adequate for diquat determination in complex samples.
Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by fungal biomass
Authors: Ahluwalia Sarabjeet Singh , Goyal Dinesh
Published: September 2010

Chromium compounds are released by industrial processes including leather production, mining, petroleum refining, in textile industry and dyeing. They are a significant threat to the environment and public health because of their toxicity. Removal of hexavalent chromium by living biomass of different fungi was effective in the order of Aspergillus terricola>Aspergillus niger>Acremonium strictum>Aureobasidium pullulans>Paecilomyces variotii>Aspergillus foetidus>Cladosporium resinae>Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Non‐living dried fungal biomass showed higher potential for metal removal than living cells. Among all fungi dead biomass of P. chrysosporium, C. resinae and P. variotii had the maximum specific chromium uptake capacity, which was 11.02, 10.69 and 10.35 mg/g of dry biomass respectively at pH 4.0–5.0 in batch sorption. Removal of Cr(VI) by P. chrysosporium from multi‐metallic synthetic solution as well as chrome effluent was significant by bringing down the residual concentration to 0.1 mg/L in the effluent, which falls within the permissible range and its removal was not affected by the presence of other metal ions such as Fe, Zn and Ni. Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis revealed the presence of carboxylate (C=O) and amine (−NH, −NH) functional groups commonly present on the cell surface of all fungi, with possible involvement in chromium binding. The result indicates that non‐living fungal biomass either obtained as a by‐product of fermentation industry or mass produced using inexpensive culture media can be used for bioremediation of Cr(VI) from chrome effluent on large scale.
Determining the minimum clinically important differences for outcomes in the DOMINO trial
Authors: Howard Robert , Phillips Patrick , Johnson Tony , O'Brien John , Sheehan Bart , Lindesay James , Bentham Peter , Burns Alistair , Ballard Clive , Holmes Clive , McKeith Ian , Barber Robert , Dening Tom , Ritchie Craig , Jones Rob , Baldwin Ashley , Passmore Peter , Findlay David , Hughes Alan , Macharouthu Ajay , Banerjee Sube , Jones Roy , Knapp Martin , Brown Richard G. , Jacoby Robin , Adams Jessica , Griffin Mary , Gray Richard
Published: September 2010

Background

Although less likely to be reported in clinical trials than expressions of the statistical significance of differences in outcomes, whether or not a treatment has delivered a specified minimum clinically important difference (MCID) is also relevant to patients and their caregivers and doctors. Many dementia treatment randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have not reported MCIDs and, where they have been done, observed differences have not reached these.

Methods

As part of the development of the Statistical Analysis Plan for the DOMINO trial, investigators met to consider expert opinion‐ and distribution‐based values for the MCID and triangulated these to provide appropriate values for three outcome measures, the Standardised Mini‐mental State Examination (sMMSE), Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale (BADLS) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Only standard deviations (SD) were presented to investigators who remained blind to treatment allocation.

Results

Adoption of values for MCIDs based upon 0.4 of the SD of the change in score from baseline on the sMMSE, BADLS and NPI in the first 127 participants to complete DOMINO yielded MCIDs of 1.4 points for sMMSE, 3.5 for BADLS and 8.0 for NPI.

Conclusions

Reference to MCIDs is important for the full interpretation of the results of dementia trials and those conducting such trials should be open about the way in which they have determined and chosen their values for the MCIDs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship of neuropsychological function to instrumental activities of daily living in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Reppermund Simone , Sachdev Perminder S. , Crawford John , Kochan Nicole A. , Slavin Melissa J. , Kang Kristan , Trollor Julian N. , Draper Brian , Brodaty Henry
Published: September 2010

Objective

While activities of daily living are by definition preserved in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there is evidence of poorer instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) functioning in MCI compared to normal ageing. The aims of the present study were to examine differences in IADL between individuals with MCI and cognitively normal elderly, and to examine the relationships of IADL with cognitive functions.

Methods

The sample of 762 community‐living participants aged 70–90 were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and with the informant‐completed Bayer‐Activities of Daily Living Scale (B‐ADL).

Results

Compared to cognitively normal individuals, the MCI group was rated as having more difficulties on the B‐ADL and performed worse on cognitive tests. Factor analysis of the B‐ADL items yielded two factors, which were labelled ‘high cognitive demand’ (HCD) and ‘low cognitive demand’ (LCD). Individuals with MCI scored worse than cognitively normal participants on the HCD factor but similarly on the LCD factor. Men were rated as having more difficulties on the HCD, but not the LCD, factor compared to women. The HCD factor score correlated significantly with all five cognitive domains measured, but the LCD factor correlated significantly only with attention/processing speed and to a lesser extent with executive function.

Conclusions

Having more difficulties in IADL, especially those with higher demand on cognitive capacities, was found to be associated with MCI and overall cognitive functioning. This has implications for the definition of MCI, as lack of functional impairment is generally used as a criterion for diagnosis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of radio‐frequency identification projects in public sectors of Korea
Authors: Chung Ki Yeon , Chang Yoon Seok , Vanharanta Hannu , Kantola Jussi
Published: September 2010

Recently there has been increasing radio‐frequency identification (RFID) implementation in public sectors of the Republic of Korea. In many cases, however, the evaluations of projects have been measured by hardware vendors or system integrators who were involved in the project, and in many cases the projects have been evaluated as a success. Also, in many cases in Korea, the success of projects has been evaluated by operation performance such as accuracy in inventory, reduction of the bullwhip effect, and reduction of inventory. This article presents a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) approach for evaluating RFID projects with a view different from the operational view. For relatively objective views of the evaluation, we have considered four different groups that were related to the RFID projects. We present the results of analysis from two pilot RFID projects in Korea. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recognition memory: Material, processes, and substrates
Authors: Brown Malcolm W. , Warburton E. Clea , Aggleton John P.
Published: September 2010

The proposal that a system centering on the perirhinal cortex is responsible for familiarity discrimination, particularly for single items, whereas a system centering on the hippocampus is responsible for recollective and more complex associational aspects of recognition memory is reviewed in the light of recent findings. In particular, the proposal is reviewed in relation to recent animal work with rats and results from human clinical studies. Notably, progress has been made in determining potential neural memory substrate mechanisms within the perirhinal cortex in rats. Recent findings have emphasized the importance of specifying the type of material, the type of test, and the strategy used by subjects to solve recognition memory tests if substrates are to be accurately inferred. It is to be expected that the default condition is that both the hippocampal and perirhinal systems will contribute to recognition memory performance. Indeed, rat lesion experiments provide examples of where cooperation between both systems is essential. Nevertheless, there remain examples of the independent operation of the hippocampal and perirhinal systems. Overall, it is concluded that most, though not all, of the recent findings are in support of the proposal. However, there is also evidence that the systems involved in recognition memory need to include structures outside the medial temporal lobe: there are significant but as yet only partially defined roles for the prefrontal cortex and sensory association cortices in recognition memory processes. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic loss and retention of different classic cadherins with LTP‐associated synaptic structural remodeling in vivo
Authors: Huntley George W. , Elste Alice M. , Patil Shekhar B. , Bozdagi Ozlem , Benson Deanna L. , Steward Oswald
Published: September 2010

Cadherins are synaptic cell adhesion molecules that contribute to persistently enhanced synaptic strength characteristic of long‐term potentiation (LTP). What is relatively unexplored is how synaptic activity of the kind that induces LTP‐associated remodeling of synapse structure affects localization of cadherins, particularly in mature animals in vivo, details which could offer insight into how different cadherins contribute to synaptic plasticity. Here, we use a well‐described in vivo LTP induction protocol that produces robust synaptic morphological remodeling in dentate gyrus of adult rats in combination with confocal and immunogold electron microscopy to localize cadherin‐8 and N‐cadherin at remodeled synapses. We find that the density and size of cadherin‐8 puncta are significantly diminished in the potentiated middle molecular layer (MML) while concurrently, N‐cadherin remains tightly clustered at remodeled synapses. These changes are specific to the potentiated MML, and occur without any change in density or size of synaptophysin puncta. Thus, the loss of cadherin‐8 probably represents selective removal from synapses rather than overall loss of synaptic junctions. Together, these findings suggest that activity‐regulated loss and retention of different synaptic cadherins could contribute to dual demands of both flexibility and stability in synapse structure that may be important for synaptic morphological remodeling that accompanies long‐lasting plasticity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc.
Amygdala gene expression of NMDA and GABAA receptors in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: de Moura José Carlos , Tirapelli Daniela P.C. , Neder Luciano , Saggioro Fabiano P. , Sakamoto Americo Ceiki , Velasco Tonicarlo R. , Panepucci Rodrigo A. , Leite João Pereira , Assirati João Alberto , Colli Benedicto Oscar , Carlotti Carlos Gilberto
Published: September 2010

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of partial epilepsy and affects 40% of the patients. Seizures arising from the mesial temporal lobe structures (i.e., amygdala and hippocampus) are common, whereas neocortical seizures are rare. In recent years, many studies aimed to identify the pattern of gene expression of neurotransmitters involved in molecular mechanisms of epilepsy. We used real‐time PCR to quantify the expression of GABAA (subunits α1, β1, β2) and NMDA (subunits NR1, NR2A, and NR2B) receptor genes in amygdalae of 27 patients with TLE and 14 amygdalae from autopsy controls. The NR1 subunit was increased in patients with epilepsy when compared with controls. No differences were found in expression of NMDA subunits NR2A and NR2B or in α1, β1, and β2 subunits of GABAA receptors. Our results suggest that the NR1 subunit of NMDA receptors is involved in the amygdala hyperexcitability in some of the patients with TLE. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc.
Put Them Out to Pasture? What Are Old Granule Cells Good for, Anyway…?
Authors: Aimone James B. , Deng Wei , Gage Fred H.
Published: September 2010

In this issue, Alme and colleagues propose a novel hypothesis that young adult‐born neurons represent the functional population of the dentate gyrus, and that old granule cells “retire” from relevance. Here, we present several implications of this interesting theory for the function of both neurogenesis and the dentate gyrus. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Dihydroagarofuranoid Sesquiterpenes from Celastrus paniculatus
Authors: Weng Jing‐Ru , Yen Ming‐Hong
Published: September 2010

The six new dihydro‐β‐agarofuranoid sesquiterpenes 1–6 and three known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Celastrus paniculatus. The structures including relative configurations were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1–6 were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a panel of three human‐tumor cell lines.
An Improved Preparation of D‐Glyceraldehyde 3‐Phosphate and Its Use in the Synthesis of 1‐Deoxy‐D‐xylulose 5‐Phosphate
Authors: Li Heng , Tian Jie , Wang Hui , Yang Shao‐Qing , Gao Wen‐Yun
Published: September 2010

D‐Glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate (=D‐GAP; 2) was prepared by an improved chemical method (Scheme 2), and it was then employed to synthesize 1‐deoxy‐D‐xylulose 5‐phosphate (=DXP; 3) which is enzymatically one of the key intermediates in the MEP (4) terpenoid biosynthetic pathway (Scheme 1). The recombinant DXP synthase of Rhodobacter capsulatus was used to catalyze the condensation of D‐glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate (2) and pyruvate (=2‐oxopropanoate; 1) to produce the sugar phosphate 3 (Scheme 2). The simple two‐step chemoenzymatic route described affords DXP (3) with more than 70% overall yield and higher than 95% purity. The procedure may also be used for the synthesis of isotope‐labeled DXP (3) by using isotope‐labeled pyruvate.
Three New Indole‐Containing Diketopiperazine Alkaloids from a Deep‐Ocean Sediment Derived Fungus Penicillium griseofulvum
Authors: Zhou Li‐Na , Zhu Tian‐Jiao , Cai Sheng‐Xin , Gu Qian‐Qun , Li De‐Hai
Published: September 2010

Three new indole‐containing diketopiperazine alkaloids, named variecolorins M–O (1–3), together with the eight known analogues 4–11, were isolated from a deep‐ocean sediment‐derived fungus, Penicillium griseofulvum. Their structures were determined by analysis of the spectroscopic data. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazinyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activities and the cell‐proliferation inhibitory activities of the three new compounds 1–3 were investigated.
Interconvertible Eudesmanolides Containing a 6,12‐Hemiketal Function from Salvia castaneaDiels f. tomentosaStib.
Authors: Xu Gang , Peng Li‐Yan , Shen Xiao‐Ling , Zhao Qin‐Shi
Published: September 2010

Two new eudesmanolide sesquiterpenoids containing a hemiacetal function, castanins G and H (1 and 2), were obtained as a pair of interconvertible isomers from the aerial parts of Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib., and separated as their uninterconvertible acetates 3 and 4. Their structures were elucidated by unequivocal interpretation and comparative analysis of the NMR and MS data of the mixture 1/2 and of their acetates 3 and 4, respectively. The inhibitory activity of 3 and 4 toward MCF‐7, HeLa, and HepG2 cell lines was also evaluated.
Synthesis of 5‐(Arylselanyl)‐2‐(arylsulfanyl)benzoates by [3+3] Cyclocondensation of 3‐(Arylsulfanyl)‐1‐(silyloxy)buta‐1,3‐dienes with 2‐(Arylselanyl)‐3‐(silyloxy)alk‐2‐en‐1‐ones
Authors: Iqbal Inam , Imran Muhammad , Langer Peter
Published: September 2010

Functionalized 5‐(arylselanyl)‐2‐(arylsulfanyl)benzoates were prepared by [3+3] cyclocondensation of 3‐(arylsulfanyl)‐1‐(silyloxy)buta‐1,3‐dienes with 2‐(arylselanyl)‐3‐(silyloxy)‐alk‐2‐en‐1‐ones.
Synthesis of Three‐, Five‐, and Six‐Membered Heterocycles Derived from New β‐Amino‐α‐(trifluoromethyl) Alcohols
Authors: Obijalska Emilia , Mlostoń Grzegorz , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz
Published: September 2010

Nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of α‐imino ketones 2, derived from arylglyoxal, with Ruppert–Prakash reagent (CF3SiMe3) offers a convenient access to the corresponding O‐silylated β‐imino‐α‐(trifluoromethyl) alcohols. In a ‘one‐pot’ procedure, by treatment with NaBH4, these products smoothly undergo reduction and desilylation yielding the expected β‐amino‐α‐(trifluoromethyl) alcohols 4. The latter were used as starting materials for the synthesis of diverse trifluoromethylated heterocycles, including aziridines 5, 1,3‐oxazolidines 8, 1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐ones 9, 1,3,2‐oxazaphospholidine 2‐oxides 10, 1,2,3‐oxathiazolidine 2‐oxides 11, and morpholine‐2,3‐diones 12. An optically active 5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐substituted 1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐one 9g was also obtained.
Associations of overall and abdominal adiposity with area and volumetric mammographic measures among postmenopausal women
Authors: Woolcott Christy G. , Cook Linda S. , Courneya Kerry S. , Boyd Norman F. , Yaffe Martin J. , Terry Tim , Brant Rollin , McTiernan Anne , Bryant Heather E. , Magliocco Anthony M. , Friedenreich Christine M.
Published: September 2010

Whereas mammographic density and adiposity are positively associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk, they are inversely associated with one another. To examine the association between these two risk factors, a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of a year‐long aerobic exercise intervention was done. Participants were 302 postmenopausal women aged 50–74 years. Dense fibroglandular and nondense fatty tissue were measured from mammograms using computer‐assisted thresholding software for area measurements and a technique relying on the calibration of mammography machines with a tissue‐equivalent phantom for volumetric measurements. Adiposity was measured by anthropometry (body mass index, waist circumference), whole‐body dual x‐ray absorptiometry scans (body fat) and computed tomography scans (abdominal adiposity). Correlations were estimated between and within women, the latter representing the association between the 1‐year change in adiposity and mammographic measures. Adiposity was correlated with nondense area and volume (0.50 ≤ r ≤ 0.66 between women; 0.18 ≤ r ≤ 0.46 within women). Between women, adiposity was correlated with dense area and volume (−0.12 ≤ r ≤ −0.30) and with percent dense area and volume (−0.28 ≤ r ≤ −0.48). Because measurements made with scans explained at most only 3% more of the variation in absolute or percent density beyond that explained by anthropometric measurements, anthropometric measurements are likely sufficient for adjustment of the association between mammographic density and breast cancer risk. Adiposity is associated with breast fatty tissue and possibly weakly inversely associated with fibroglandular tissue.