bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stratified management of gestational hypertension: Superiority of functional magnetic resonance parameters over ultrasonography
Authors: Deng Jing , Cao Yuwei , Qu Feifei , Zhang Aining , Zhao Meng , Mu Xihu , Zhou Xin , Wu Yanglei , Song Jiacheng , Wu Feiyun , Chen Ting
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Effective prenatal prediction of gestational hypertension (GH) can improve the clinical management of pregnant women at high risk of preeclampsia (PE) as pregnancy progresses. Goal(s): To investigate the findings of placental virtual magnetic resonance elastography (vMRE), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters, and ultrasound examination to predict the progression of GH to PE. Approach: We calculated vMRE and IVIM parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient and retrospectively performed ultrasound examinations. The differences in the aforementioned parameters were compared, and their predictive efficacy was evaluated. Results: Patients with PE had higher placental stiffness and lower microcirculation. Impact: Virtual magnetic resonance elastography and intravoxel incoherent motion comprise a vital complementary diagnostic method to conventional ultrasound screening for placental dysfunction in patients with high-risk hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, further improving the sensitivity and specificity of pregnancy screening.
DWI for Improving Diagnostic Performance of Breast MRI: Impact of Alternate Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Quantitation and Cutoff Approaches
Authors: Biswas Debosmita , Hippe Daniel , Winter Andrea , Rahbar Habib , Partridge Savannah
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) measures can help reduce false positives in breast MRI. Goal(s): Explore different approaches for measuring lesion ADC that emphasize different aspects of tumor microenvironment and biology and their effect on reducing unnecessary biopsies. Approach: Nine ADC measures were computed for each lesion using different b value combinations and segmentation techniques. Different approaches of selecting ADC threshold were explored to reduce unnecessary biopsies. Results: Applying ADC cutoffs, the largest reduction of benign biopsies (~20%) was achieved using ADC0-800 mapping and the 2D lesion segmentation technique, with the hotspot ROI measurement providing very similar performance. Impact: This study demonstrates that a variety of ADC measurement techniques can help reduce unnecessary biopsies of breast MRI, suggesting that the easiest approach of segmenting the darkest pixels in the lesion might facilitate integration of DWI into the clinical workflow.
To compare the value of intratumoral and peritumoral IVIM and MUSE-IVIM magnetic resonance imaging in predicting of HER-2 status in breast cancer
Authors: Feng Wen , Lei Junqiang , Xiong Yuhui , Qu Mengmeng , Liu Xinran , Li Jianlin , Dang Wencheng
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Few studies had explored different diffusion imaging techniques of magnetic resonance imaging for molecular prognostic factors of breast cancer, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2) was closely related to targeted therapy. Goal(s): To compare the effect of high-resolution magnetic resonance intravoxel incoherent motion based on multiplexed sensitivity encoding (MUSE-IVIM) and conventional IVIM in predicting HER-2 status in breast cancer. Approach: Different parameters of MUSE-IVIM and IVIM within and around the tumor were analyzed, including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), tissue diffusivity (Dt), pseudo diffusivity (Dp), perfusion fraction (f). Results: IVIM-Dt-intratumoral predicted HER-2 with the highest value(AUC=0.775, P=0.003). Impact: Although the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of MUSE-IVIM was higher than IVIM, they may be evenly matched in predicting HER-2 in breast cancer, which required more research and exploration.
The value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in the evaluation of fetal kidney development
Authors: Pu Yangmei , Wang Qiyang , Li Ran , Kang Min , Zhang Miaoqi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Fetal magnetic resonance technology provides morphological data of the fetal kidneys, as well as preliminary exploration of kidney function through DW-MRI. Goal(s): This project aims to investigate the correlation between gestational age and multi-quantitative MR parameter values of the fetal kidney. Approach: The kidney size, thickness, T2 signal and ADC quantitative parameters of normal fetuses from 24 to 40 weeks of gestation were collected, analyzing the correlation between each parameter value and gestational age. Results: In conclusion,there was a positive correlation between fetal kidney size, parenchymal thickness and gestational age, and a negative correlation between renal ADC, T2 signal values and gestational age. Impact: This project achieved a preliminary assessment of fetal kidney development and provide essential quantitative data references for different developmental stages of the fetal kidney.
Optimisation and implementation of high b-value DWI using 200mT/m gradient system for clinical prostate MRI.
Authors: Dwyer Andrew , Walls Angela , Gormly Kirsten , Raeside Mitchell , Withey Stephanie
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Diffusion-weighted imaging is critical to the diagnosis of prostate cancer but can be limited by noise. A commercially available 200mT/m gradient system may allow revisiting of higher b-value DWI. Goal(s): To optimise a feasible high b-value prostate MR protocol for clinical use. Approach: Phantom, simulation and in vivo iterative optimisation were evaluated against technical metrics and novel discrete choice experimental design for radiologist preference. Results: Radiologist DWI preference is weighted by signal-to-noise. Emerging high gradient performance and deep learning reconstruction can reduced decline in SNR potentiating a signal-optimised high b-value protocol for clinical prostate cancer imaging within feasible scan times. Impact: Signal-optimised high b-value DWI for prostate cancer using a 200mT/m gradient 3T MRI system may be clinically feasible and supports a scalable trial of its diagnostic impact.
MR Fingerprinting and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Mapping for quantitative characterization of clinically significant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wichtmann Barbara , Bergau Manuela , Kerkfeld Niklas , Wolter Moritz , Katemann Christoph , Doneva Mariya , Kabus Sven , Weber Oliver , Mazurkewitz Peter , Pieper Claus , Attenberger Ulrike , Albarqouni Shadi , Luetkens Julian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer(PCa) while avoiding overdiagnosis is crucial. Quantitative imaging techniques allow for more objective assessment of prostate lesions. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting(MRF) combined with apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) might allow quantitative characterization of prostate lesions. Further validation studies with histopathological correlation are required. Goal(s): To evaluate the utility of MRF and ADC for quantitative characterization of prostate lesions and correlate our results with pathology. Approach: This study included 106 biopsy-naive patients with elevated PSA levels that underwent an mpMRI exam with additional acquisition of MRF. Results: ADC and MRF based relaxometry allow quantitative characterization of prostate lesions that correlate with histopathology. Impact: There is growing interest in the clinical application of quantitative imaging techniques for more objective assessment of prostate lesions. MRF is a fast and efficient method that promises to quantitatively characterize PCa in the future.
Virtual brain modelling of the cerebro-cerebellar loop dynamics with region-specific mean field formalism
Authors: Lorenzi Roberta , Palesi Fulvia , Casellato Claudia , Kingshott Claudia Gandini Wheeler , D'Angelo Egidio
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Brain dynamic simulators rely on the same model for each grey matter region. Goal(s): We embed region-specific mean field models (MFs) into virtual brains by designing a flexible framework linking input/output signals from different MFs. Approach: We integrate a recently-developed cerebellar MF into “The Virtual Brain” platform. We simulate brain dynamics with cerebellar MF for cerebellar nodes and connect cerebellar MF input/output with MFs previously used for other regions. Results: The multi-modEl framework is ready to be used with any number of different MFs; moreover, in the cerebellum, using its realistic MF improves 7-folds the correlation between simulated and empirical functional connectivity. Impact: Simulations of brain dynamics rely on assigning the same model to all brain regions, not capturing cortical microcircuits diversities. We developed a framework to connect region-specific mean field models and demonstrated an improved performance in the cerebellum, towards personalized simulations.
MRI measurements of field modulations: Extended frequency range of spin-lock preparation with off-resonance pulses
Authors: Gregersen Fróði , Thielscher Axel , Hanson Lars
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Mapping current flow during temporal interference stimulation (kHz range) or the application of tumor treating fields (100 kHz - 300 kHz) can improve target localization and dose control for these techniques. Goal(s): Explore novel encoding strategies to measure high-frequency magnetic field modulations caused by injected currents. Approach: We use Bloch simulations to explore novel encoding strategies and phantom measurements with currents that create magnetic fields modulations for validation. Results: We show that with off-resonance preparation pulses it is possible to be sensitive to high frequency field modulations while avoiding SAR and B1 limits, albeit with a lower sensitivity than previously suggested spin-lock methods. Impact: This work demonstrates the possibility of measuring time-varying fields at a much greater frequency range than previously possible, which can be crucial for high-frequency brain stimulation techniques such as temporal interference stimulation and tumor treating fields.
Frequency-Sensitive MRF (FS-MRF) for improved multi-tissue compartment modelling: a glimpse to tissue frequency from RF frequency
Authors: Cao Xiaozhi , Liao Congyu , Wang Zhixing , Bhattacharjee Rupsa , Zhu Zheren , Yang Yang , Kerr Adam , Setsompop Kawin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Can we encode the tissue's frequency by using RF's frequency?Goal(s): To distinguish tissue components based on their unique frequencies. Approach: Based on 3D MRF technique, we introduced frequency-sensitive module by varying the RF's frequency TR-to-TR. Results: We are able to simultaneously obtain T1, T2 and frequency maps, which help improve the image fedelity and quantitative accuracy. Furthermore, it could provide a tool to differentiate the tissue components based on their frequency. Impact: If one is interested in quantifying tissues with a frequency shift compared to water, such as fat, myelin water and some amino acids, this paper can offer a brand new angle with its noval mechanism.
Torch-EPG-X: a GPU-powered differentiable framework for the simulation of magnetization exchanging systems
Authors: Cencini Matteo , Retico Alessandra , Tosetti Michela
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Most existing MR simulators either focus on the implementation of multiple physical phenomena or on massive parallelization, but these two aspects are usually not tackled simultaneously. Goal(s): To provide a feature-rich, massively parallelized and differentiable MR simulator. Approach: We built on the Extended Phase Graphs formalism to efficiently simulate all the main MR physical phenomena. We used PyTorch as a backend to enable massive parallelization and efficient differentiation. Results: Our toolbox, demonstrated on a numerical Fast Spin Echo experiment on an exchanging two-pool system, achieved order of magnitude speed-up compared to existing implementations and efficient differentiation with minimal boilerplate. Impact: Torch-EPG-X will represent a useful tool for synthetic signal generation for deep learning, parameter fitting, model-based reconstruction and sequence optimization.
Changes in Elasticity and Microstructural Properties of the Brain due to Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Olsson Christoffer , Skorpil Mikael , Svenningsson Per , Moreno Rodrigo
Published: November 2024

Motivation: MR Elastography (MRE) of the brain is a novel technique that elucidates the viscoelastic properties of the brain. Changes in e.g. stiffness of various brain regions often occur at an early stage in neuropathologies. Goal(s): Assessing how viscoelastic properties of the brain changes with Parkinson’s disease, and study the microstructural mechanisms behind these changes. Approach: We investigated how the viscoelasticity of the brain changes for diseased subjects compared to controls (21 subjects), and correlated these changes with microstructural properties (based on multidimensional diffusion imaging). Results: We found a softening effect of the occipital and temporal lobes, possibly correlated with early neural atrophy. Impact: The presented results show how PD affects the brain in a new combination of modalities which can help to better understand the pathology, which may, for example, lead to new methods for early PD diagnosis.
4D flow in Parkinson’s disease: cognitive decline corresponds with impaired circle of Willis haemodynamics
Authors: Deane Ashley , Mayall Daniel , Shoorangiz Reza , Sharifzadeh-Kermani Alireza , Anderson Tim , Dalrymple-Alford John , Morgan Catherine , Melzer Tracy
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The neurovascular changes associated with cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remain uncertain. Like Alzheimer’s disease, blood flow integrity may also play a significant role in maintaining cognitive function in PD. Goal(s): To understand the relationship between cognitive impairment and circle of Willis anatomy and haemodynamics in PD. Approach: 36 healthy controls and 81 individuals with PD completed 3T 4D flow MRI acquisition and an extensive neuropsychological battery. Results: The PD group showed 10% lower total cerebral blood flow (ml/min) and 7% lower flow velocity (cm/min) which were associated with poorer cognition. Impact: 4D flow MRI revealed hypoperfusion of the circle of Willis in Parkinson’s disease which corresponded with poorer cognition. These results support future targeting of vascular mechanisms to alleviate cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease.
Year-by-year White Matter Hyperintensity Probabilistic Atlases based on China Aging Cohort and its Application to Cognitive Decline Evaluation
Authors: Cai Xinyi , Huang Peiyu , Luo Xiao , Guo Lianghu , Gu Yi , Yang Qing , Zhang Han
Published: November 2024

Motivation: As frequently observed in older populations, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) appears a risk factor for cognitive decline. Goal(s): To construct normative WMH probabilistic atlases for quantifying its spatiotemporal progression and for disease detection. Approach: We released the first set of such atlases and related trajectories, based on a large cohort of the Chinese typical aging population, with AI techniques. Results: We validated its clinical usefulness by comparing cognitive impairment groups with the atlases, as a new tool for early Alzheimer’s disease evaluation. We also found that the WMH in deep, rather than periventricular, white matter moderated aging-induced general cognitive ability reduction. Impact: Given normative curves summarizing WHM progression in Chinese typical aging population, clinicians can better assess abnormalities related to cerebral small-vessel diseases, detect high-risk individuals who will develop cognitive decline in the future, and conduct large-scale community screening for older population.
Hippocampal volume, DTI parameters, and relaxation time T1 in postmortem patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and healthy controls
Authors: Neuhaus Dominique , Wendebourg Maria , Berger Celine , Bauer Melanie , Haas Tanja , Scheurer Eva , Schlaeger Regina , Lenz Claudia
Published: November 2024

Motivation: MRI parameters of the hippocampus could serve as an imaging biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Goal(s): To compare hippocampal volume, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and T1 between ALS and healthy controls (HC). Approach: Postmortem in situ MRI scans at 3 Tesla were performed on five deceased ALS patients and seven deceased neurologically healthy controls (HC). MP2RAGE and DTI sequences were employed. Results: A potentially significant difference between ALS and HC was found for T1 in the right hippocampus and for MD in the left, right, and total hippocampus. Further research is needed to confirm this outcome. Impact: The potential effect of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on the hippocampal mean diffusivity and T1 might lead to the development of new MRI biomarkers. This could improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies. Larger sample sizes are needed to validate the results.
Whole Brain Source Separation for Neurodegeneration
Authors: Roberts Alexandra , Sisman Mert , Dimov Alexey , Nguyen Thanh , Gauthier Susan , Spincemaille Pascal , Wang Yi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Cortex and spinal cord tissue are of interest in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These regions are low in signal to noise ratio (SNR) and generate artifacts on quantitative susceptibility maps (QSMs). Goal(s): To demonstrate the maximum Spherical Mean Value (mSMV) algorithm as a tissue preserving initialization for susceptibility source separation. Approach: Whole brain source separation enabled by mSMV is applied to patients with MS, AD, and ALS. Results: The mSMV algorithm reconstructs the whole brain volume in source separations and generates susceptibility maps in agreement with existing methods. Impact: Whole brain source separation using the maximum Spherical Mean Value (mSMV) algorithm successfully preserves full tissue volume and produces susceptibility map in strong agreement with existing methods.
Effect of Nicotinamide riboside supplementation on cerebral NAD+ levels in vivo
Authors: Nanga Ravi Prakash Reddy , Wiers Corinde , Elliott Mark , Wilson Neil , Liu Fang , Cao Quy , Swago Sophie , Jacobs Paul , Armbruster Ryan , Reddy Damodara , Witschey Walter , Detre John , Baur Joseph , Reddy Ravinder
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To determine if acute nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation increases cerebral nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels in the human brain. Goal(s): To measure cerebral NAD+ levels before and after nicotinamide riboside supplementation using downfield 1HMRS at 7T MRI in ten healthy volunteers. Approach: First MR scan was performed in each healthy volunteer after overnight fasting to obtain baseline NAD+ levels. In the second scan on the following day, the same protocol was repeated, but with NR supplements administered orally 4 hours before the scan. Results: An increase in mean NAD+ concentration was observed with NR supplementation, compared to the baseline (0.458±0.053 vs 0.392±0.058mM; p<0.001). Impact: The preliminary results from this study show that oral NR supplementation increases NAD+ levels in brain and demonstrates the potential of downfield 1HMRS for noninvasive quantification of cerebral NAD+ and monitoring the effects of NR supplementation on cerebral NAD+ levels.
Utilizing synthetic MRI and brain regional analysis for early Parkinson's disease diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Gang , Chen Miao , Wang Wenjia , Xie Lizhi , Zhang Rui
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Early detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) is crucial, and MRI has been a valuable tool. Synthetic MRI, allows for comprehensive analysis of brain regions, offering potential for early diagnosis. Goal(s): Evaluate the feasibility of synthetic MRI in early PD diagnosis by studying brain regions. Approach: 31 PD patients and 25 controls underwent MRI. Synthetic MRI provided T1, T2, and PrD maps. Brain regions were analyzed and a combined diagnostic model was developed. Results: Differences in T1 and T2 values were found in the calcarine, cuneus, and hippocampus. The model achieved an AUC of 0.930, suggesting synthetic MRI-derived parameters can serve as biomarkers. Impact: The combined diagnosis using T1 and T2 values in specific brain regions effectively distinguished early-stage Parkinson's disease (ESP) from healthy controls (HC). This suggests that synthetic MRI-derived parameters have the potential to serve as precise early PD diagnostic biomarkers.
Association of glymphatic system impairment with aging and cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhao Yang , Xu Changyuan , Chen Yufan , Zhuo Mengyuan , Li Yuxin , Chen Weibo , Gong Tao , Wang Guangbin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: In this study,we aimed to investigate the activity of the glymphatic system in PD using DTI-ALPS method and to further explore the correlation patterns of DTI-ALPS indexes with aging and cognitive impairment. Goal(s): To explores the correlation between glymphatic system impairment and cognitive impairment. Approach: Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index offers a noninvasive alternative and the method has been validated well with standard glymphatic MRI. Results: Our study found that glymphatic system function was impaired in PD as reflected by DTI-ALPS. Glymphatic dysfunction may lead to cognitive impairment,which was affected by aging and disease state. Impact: Our study explores the correlation between glymphatic system impairment and cognitive impairment.This finding provides new perspectives on cognitive impairment in patients with PD and suggests potential strategies for treating cognitive impairment in such patients.
Iron deposition of basal ganglia on 7 Tesla MRI for diagnosis of early-stage Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Jin Jianing , Su Dongning , Zhang Zhe , Jing Jing , Li Yuan , Feng Tao
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains challenging. Goal(s): Aimed to identify new imaging features in the basal ganglia of PD by 7T iron-sensitive MRI, and to investigate the diagnostic performance of the new imaging features in distinguishing early-stage PD patients from healthy subjects. Approach: 129 participants were prospectively recruited between May 2021 and September 2023. All participants were scanned at Tiantan Neuroimaging Center using 7-Tesla MRI. Two neuroradiologist separately evaluated the visual rating scale of iron deposition signs in basal ganglia. Results: The newly developed basal ganglia sign scoring scale showed high sensitivity and excellent specificity for diagnosis of early-stage PD. Impact: The distribution characteristics of iron deposition in basal ganglia might be a promising marker of the diagnosis of early-stage PD.
Mapping of iron deposition gradients in the nigrostriatal system in normal aging and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wen Jiaqi , Duanmu Xiaojie , Tan Sijia , Zheng Qianshi , Yuan Weijin , Wu Chenqing , Qin Jianmei , Wu Haoting , Guo Tao , Zhou Cheng , Wu Jingjing , Chen Jingwen , Zhang Yong , Zhang Minming , Guan Xiaojun , Xu Xiaojun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The gradient characterization of microenvironment in nigrostriatal system is key to understanding striatal dysfunction in PD. Goal(s): To investigate the gradients of neurodegeneration in nigrostriatal system in normal aging and PD. Approach: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and spatial method were used to detect the spatial gradient of iron deposition in healthy young people, normal elderly and PD in vivo. Results: During normal aging, iron deposition was significant in almost all segments of the striatum, and iron content was even higher in some segments of the caudate than in PD. Iron deposition in PD is mainly in the central substantia nigra. Impact: The present study reveals the spatial gradient of iron deposition in the nigrostriatal system in normal aging and PD, providing more subtle and profound insights into the pathological changes in subcortical nuclei during neurodegeneration.
Arterial spin labeling-based machine learning for idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chen Mingshen , Zhi Yuqi , Lin Huihui , Xu Yiwen , Chen Tong , Cheng Xiaoyu , Mao Chengjie , Jiang Zhen , Liang Xiaoyun , Wu Yunzhu , Peng Bo , Dai Yakang , Zhu Jiangtao
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Investigating cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations between idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) using arterial spin labeling (ASL) can provide crucial insights into the shared neurobiological underpinnings of these conditions, facilitating effective disease management and treatment. Goal(s): Analyzing the cerebral blood flow (CBF) variations and CBF-connectivity and evaluating their diagnostic utility. Approach: By employing ASL, we conducted a detailed analysis of CBF variations and constructed a CBF-connectivity network. Results: Observed increased CBF in PD vs iRBD in specific regions, as well as elevated connectivity. Impact: The present study provides objective biomarkers for the progression of iRBD and PD through the study of cerebral perfusion. It also provides direction for adjunctive treatment of microcirculatory abnormalities to further inhibit the progression of associated dysfunction.
Neurovascular signal changes in response to glucose infusion measured with resting-state fMRI at 7T
Authors: Ahmadian Narjes , Wiegers Evita , van der Kemp Wybe , van Hulst Ellen , Jacobs Sarah , van Eijsden Pieter , Klomp Dennis , Petridou Natalia , Bhogal Alex
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To examine the impact of 2-hour glucose infusion on neuronal activity, potentially advancing our understanding of diseases such as diabetes and their regulation of intake, thermogenesis, and the neuroendocrine system. Goal(s): Determining whether prolonged glucose infusion affects neuronal activity as measured using rsfMRI at 7T. Approach: High resolution resting-state (rsfMRI) were acquired before and directly after glucose infusion in 9 healthy adult subjects. Neuronal fluctuations were characterized using Fourier-based spectral analysis. Results: In grey matter, significant differences between pre- and post-glucose infusion were observed, with higher post-infusion rsfMRI amplitudes across various frequencies, especially in the 0-0.15Hz range associated with neuronal fluctuations. Impact: Our results confirm that changing glucose levels modulate neuronal function. Extended glucose infusion increases mean signal power and induces increased signal variation in neuronal fluctuations. Future studies are needed to further understand the mechanisms behind this variance.
Altered functional brain networks in coronary heart disease: Independent component analysis and graph theoretical analysis
Authors: Lin Simin , Zhao Hengyu , Wu Puyeh
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Coronary heart disease (CHD) confers a high risk of cognitive and mental impairments in patients. Goal(s): To explore the association of CHD with functional connectivity and topological properties of brain networks. Approach: We collected rs-fMRI data to assess brain functional connectivity and topological properties in CHD patients. Results: Compared to HCs, CHD patients exhibited increased functional connectivity between the default mode network and visual network, as well as decreased functional connectivity between the left frontoparietal network and auditory network. Small-world network topology was identified in both CHD patients and HCs. Furthermore, the nodal local efficiency of left putamen was decreased in CHD patients. Impact: Abnormal brain functional connectivity and topological properties in CHD patients might extend current understanding of CHD-related brain dysfunction from the perspective of functional network organization, which expanded the knowledge of the brain function changes and potential neurological mechanism of CHD.
The application value of multimodal functional magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating type I and type II endometrial cancer
Authors: An Qi , Tian Shi , Ma Chang , Lin Liang , Liu Ai
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Preoperative assessment of the histological type of EC based on multimodal functional MRI is expected to provide personalized treatment for patients and improve their prognosis. Goal(s): To explore the application value of APT, IVIM and DCE techniques in distinguishing between Type I and Type II endometrial cancer. Approach: The ROC curve were used to analyze and evaluate the predictive ability of the independent risk factor for the histological type of EC. Results: The APT value of the type II group were higher than the the type I group and the AUC value of APT was 0.682 for identifying the histological types of EC. Impact: APT technique can be utilized for quantitative identification of type I and type II EC, and has broader clinical application prospects.
Resting-State Dynamic Functional Gradient Stability Disturbance by Task fMRI in Lifelong Premature Ejaculation
Authors: Lu Jiaming , Zhang Xin , Zhang Wen , Zhu Yajing , Zhou Fei , Zhang Bing
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Premature ejaculation (PE) is a major component of male sexual disfunction. The brain's recovery process following erotic stimulation in PE patients remains unclear. Goal(s): In this study, we aimed to explore the brain network hierarchies by brain gradient and the dynamic gradient stability modified by erotic stimulation. Approach: We explored the brain network hierarchies by brain gradient in PE and NC group across pre- and post-task resting-state and brain dynamic BOLD phase-locking functional gradient stability. Results: The PE patients have decreased dynamic functional gradient stability of visual network and increased stability of the default mode network. Impact: The dynamic functional gradient stability of visual network and the default mode network were altered in lifelong PE compared to normal controls. These findings revealed that brain spontaneous activity in PE patients can hardly recovery as soon as normal control.
Evaluation of Renal Tubular Function by Multiparametric Functional MRI in Early Diabetes
Authors: Wang Rui , Lin Zhiyong , Wang Xiaoying
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Accumulating evidence indicates that renal tubular injury, as a prime mover, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Goal(s): We aimed to explore the tubular function in an alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mellitus (DM) rabbit model using asymmetric spin echo (ASE), BOLD and ASL MRI with the furosemide diuretic test. Approach: We performed pairs of multiparametric MRIs (before and after furosemide injection) at baseline and 3/7 days post-DM, and scored pathological kidney injury. Results: We found that the pathological tubular injury scores in DM groups significantly correlated with medullary ΔR2* (post-furosemide – pre-furosemide difference) and oxygen extraction fraction (ΔOEF). Impact: The medullary ∆R2* and ∆OEF were closely related with pathological tubular injury. Our study demonstrated that the renal tubular dysfunction in early diabetes could be detected by the combination of asymmetric spin echo (ASE), BOLD and ASL MRI.
Pattern separation engages regions beyond the hippocampus among nondemented elderly subjects: a 7T task fMRI study
Authors: Yang Zhengshi , Zhuang Xiaowei , Koenig Katherine , Leverenz James , Curran Tim , Lowe Mark , Cordes Dietmar
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Investigating the ability to differentiate similar representations is extensively focused on hippocampus. The roles of cortical regions and their interaction with the hippocampus largely remain unclear. Goal(s): We aim to address this issue with whole-brain high-resolution fMRI data collected during a mnemonic similarity task. Approach: Whole-brain and hippocampal ROI analysis were conducted to examine brain activity during the task. Results: The right frontoparietal network showed increased activity when a lure or the same object was presented compared to a new object. The left anterior CA3/DG and left frontoparietal network had higher activity when a lure was correctly identified as “similar” instead of “same”. Impact: Besides the CA3/DG, left frontoparietal regions were also involved in discriminating similar objects while right frontoparietal regions were mainly involved in successful retrieval, suggesting the functional lateralization of frontoparietal network.
Gray matter morphological abnormities are constrained by normal structural covariance network in OCD
Authors: Wen Baohong , Liu Zijun , Sun Jin , Tian Ya , Shi Wenqing , Tao Qiuying , Zhang Yong , Cheng Jingliang , Han Shaoqiang
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Whether abnormal gray matter morphology is constrained by normal brain network architecture in in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remains unknown. Goal(s): We investigated the association between gray matter morphological abnormities and normal structural covariance network architecture. Approach: Ninety-eight first-episode and drag-naive patients with OCD and matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. Results: Gray matter abnormities are constrained by structural connectome and provide new insights into the possible pathological progression in OCD. Impact: We investigated the association between gray matter morphological abnormities and normal structural covariance network architecture in OCD. We found that the structural abnormalities are constrained by structural covariance connectome of multiple disease epicenters in OCD.
Comparative analysis of brain network connectivity changes in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment: an ICA study
Authors: Wang Juzhou , Fan Guoguang , Jiang Yueluan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction may be different, particularly in terms of macroscopic manifestations within neural transmission pathways, which still require further exploration. Goal(s): The aim of this study was to quantify changes in fMRI intra and inter-network connectivity in AD-MCI and PD-MCI using independent component analysis (ICA). Approach: Nine RSNs were identified in 33 AD-MCI, 55 PD-MCI and 34 HCs using ICA method, and further their intra-and inter-network FC were compared in three groups. Results: The results showed that the brain network changes in AD-MCI patients and PD-MCI patients were mainly concentrated in different brain network. Impact: By investigating the pathways and compensatory mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction arising from different etiologies, we aim to explore potential imaging-based diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies for clinical treatment strategy, which is enhancing the prognosis and quality of life for patients.
Comparative Analysis of Interpretable Machine Learning Approaches for Major Depressive Disorder Discrimination using rsfMRI
Authors: Jiang Wenting , Zhang Chengcheng , Cao Peng
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) holds significant promise as a predictive tool for assessing treatment response in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Goal(s): We aim to assess the credibility of model predictions using various explainers and identify the most salient regions contributing to MDD discrimination. Approach: 3 representatives of explainable machine learning methods (CAM, LIME, SHAP) are employed in this study to explain model prediction in various views. Results: This study demonstrates the superiority of LIME and SHAP for model explanation in the task of MDD discrimination using rsfMRI. Impact: Our findings will provide effective guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of MDD.
Altered task-residual effective connectivity of motor and memory network in transient ischemic attack
Authors: Chu Truc , Lee Seonjin , Jung Il-Young , Song Youngkyu , Kim Hyun Ah , Nguyen Anh , Shin Jong Wook , Tak Sungho
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Little is known about underlying brain mechanisms that contribute to heightened risk of stroke and impairments in cognitive and motor functions of patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA). Goal(s): Our aim was to investigate abnormal effective connectivity in TIA during motor and working memory tasks. Approach: Spectral dynamic causal modelling with 7T fMRI was used to estimate the task-residual effective connectivity elicited during fist-closing and n-back tasks. Results: Patients with TIA showed increased effective connectivity toward the ipsilateral M1 and reduced connectivity to the SMA and PMC durn motor task, as well as increased connectivity among the PAR and CC during n-back tasks. Impact: The findings of aberrant task-residual effective connectivity within the motor and working memory networks in patients with TIA indicate potential decreased neural efficiency and disrupted control of motor and working memory functions, contributing to the physiological alterations in these individuals.
Regional impairments in cerebrovascular reactivity in Fontan patients: fMRI CO2 challenge
Authors: Xu Botian , González-Zacarías Clio , Verma Sneha , Carpenter Emma , Shen Jian , Choi Soyoung , Suriany Silvie , Chiarelli Peter , Joshi Anand , Leahy Richard , Wood John
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Despite their high risk for cerebral injuries and neurocognitive deficits, cerebrovascular health in single ventricle heart disease (SVHD) patients is understudied. Goal(s): Quantifying cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) in SVHD patients will determine the susceptibility of these patients to acute interruptions in oxygen delivery or increased metabolic demand. Approach: In this study, we used blood oxygenation level-dependent BOLD-MRI under CO2 challenge to measure CVR in patients who underwent Fontan palliation and in control subjects. Results: Regional, but not global differences, were shown in CVR between Fontan versus healthy controls. Impact: An important prognostic indicator of cerebrovascular integrity is the ability of blood vessels to dilate or constrict in response to a stimulus, measured by CVR. Therefore, quantifying CVR in SVHD patients will determine their susceptibility to increased metabolic demands.
Advanced Quadratic RF Phase Selective Encoding through Nutation and Fingerprinting (qRF-SENF) for Gradient-Free Quantitative Imaging
Authors: Vaughn Christopher , Bolding N , Griswold Mark , Grissom William
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Eliminate the need for B0 gradients and improve the efficiency of quantitative imaging. Goal(s): To develop an advanced approach for gradient-free quantitative imaging called Quadratic RF Phase Selective Encoding through Nutation and Fingerprinting (qRF-SENF). Approach: Design an improved sequence for qRF-SENF that increases sensitivities to off-resonance and relaxation parameters. Validate the advanced approach with a 1D experiment. Evaluate the SNR efficiency of the approach in simulation. Results: Successfully validated an improved sequence for qRF-SENF with a 1D experiment that differentiates between two materials. Simulations of SNR efficiency show the advanced approach has sufficient SNR for current and future experiments. Impact: Selective Encoding through Nutation and Fingerprinting (SENF) is a gradient-free quantitative imaging technique that simultaneously encodes spatial and quantitative information with the potential to be implemented on low-cost MRI scanners with flexible magnet design and acquisition strategies.
Accurate B0 field mapping using geometry in bSSFP imaging
Authors: Dong Yiyun , Xiang Qing-San , Hoff Michael
Published: November 2024

Motivation: High fidelity B0 field mapping is often desirable for corrections and contrast, although most methods available require addition image acquisitions. Goal(s): To generate a robust B0 mapping approach that is quantitatively accurate, time-efficient, and allows further understanding of coil information. Approach: The bSSFP geometric solution is leveraged to compute a B0 map from a novel off-resonance parameter calculation. The maps are validated via comparisons to standards and coil element-by-element phase images. Results: Simulation, phantom, and in vivo data confirmed that the method for B0 mapping not only computes quantitatively-accurate field maps, but also permits estimation of other phase contributions including coil-specific phase offsets. Impact: A robust B0 field mapping approach is proposed that facilitates research and clinical efforts seeking imaging techniques that minimize scan time and maximize practical data output.
Signal interferences in Actual Flip Angle Imaging (AFI) of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions
Authors: Himburg Niklas , Lutz Max , Mitschang Lorenz , Frintz Jan , Schmitter Sebastian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions have dielectric properties similar to human tissue and therefore are widely used for validating electromagnetic simulations in phantoms. For validating the flip angle in such applications, actual flip angle imaging (AFI) is highly suitable. Goal(s): This work investigates measurement errors of AFI with PVP solutions. Approach: Different PVP/H2O ratios are investigated at 3T, with different RF-spoiling phase increments, and with NMR spectroscopy. Results: NMR spectra show the existence of off-resonant PVP signals. Integrating two isochromat ensembles with different frequencies into an EPG-simulation qualitatively explain the measured signals and resulting flip angle errors in AFI. Impact: Understanding the cause of unexpected measurement errors of actual flip angle imaging with polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions will improve their use for the validation of new B1+ mapping techniques or new transmit arrays.
Active EMI Elimination at 3T using Routine Receiver Coils and Deep Learning
Authors: Zaitsev Maxim , Zhao Yujiao , Özen Ali , Liu Zining , Aghabagheri Reza , Wu Ed
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To reduce siting costs, improve accessibility and relax electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements on in-room equipment in 3T MRI. Goal(s): To assess a deep-learning based active electromagnetic interference (EMI) elimination algorithm Deep-DSP at 3T. Approach: Deep-DSP approach previously implemented for 0.055T MRI was applied to 3D imaging at 3 Tesla, performed within the standard shielded room and with deliberately added EMI sources using a 64-channel head coil and four coil arrays located outside the magnet bore for EMI sensing. Results: Deep-DSP demonstrates excellent performance in phantoms and outperforms a comparison technique in vivo. Impact: The proposed approach does not require additional dedicated hardware and has potential of substantially reducing siting costs of modern high-performance MR imagers. Furthermore, EMC and RF shielding requirements on the additional equipment in the scanner room may be largely relaxed.
Optimization of Sampling Masks and Reconstruction of Under-sampled Images for SNAP MRI with Model Based Deep Learning Framework
Authors: Ji Jiachen , Liu Chuyu , Li Zhongsen , Chen Shuo , Li Rui
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The two-shot SNAP MRI is effective for carotid plaque diagnosis with extended scan time. To accelerate the scan, under-sampling reconstruction and optimization of sampling locations are considered. Goal(s): To optimize the sampling masks for IR-TFE and REF-TFE of SNAP MRI respectively and to reconstruct the under-sampled images with higher quality. Approach: After the parameterization of ky-kz sampling locations for the two shots, a model-based deep learning framework was utilized to achieve the goals. Results: The framework demonstrated superior performance compared with other under-sampling reconstruction methods. Distinct sampling masks were generated for the two shots after the training process. Impact: The optimized sampling masks facilitate the acquisition of SNAP MRI with more crucial information. Combined with high-quality under-sampling reconstruction, the utilization of the framework could enhance the clinical applicability, flexibility, and versatility of SNAP MRI.
Simultaneous Observation of Distinct Phosphocreatine and Creatine CEST Peaks in Exercised Human Skeletal Muscle at 5T
Authors: Chen Xinran , Xu Xi , Bie Chongxue , Chen Lin , Zhou Yang
Published: November 2024

Motivation: PCrCEST and CrCEST contrasts are weak and indiscernible in clinical settings (≤ 3 T), limiting the accuracy of quantification. Goal(s): To develop an accurate and reliable PCrCEST and CrCEST method in human skeletal muscle at 5 T. Approach: The optimal saturation scheme was investigated. Two-peak PLOF method was employed for quantification. Plantar flexion exercise was conducted to validate the performance of the proposed method. Results: Distinct PCrCEST and CrCEST peaks can be observed simultaneously at 5T. The transition between PCr and Cr was clearly observed in a volunteer during and after exercise. Impact: Improved accuracy and reliability of PCrCEST and CrCEST in human skeletal muscle can be obtained at 5T. The distinct CEST peak at 2.0 ppm immediately after exercise suggests that the in vivo CrCEST is a slow-exchanging process.
Cell Surface Mannose Overexpression as New CEST MRI Biomarker for Glioblastoma Aggressiveness
Authors: Ghaemi Behnaz , Kuddannaya Shreyas , Bertoni Hernando Lopez , Laterra John , Liu Guanshu , Bulte Jeff
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Non-invasive grading of glioblastoma (GBM) aggressiveness is critical for choosing a proper treatment paradigmGoal(s): To develop a label-free MRI technique that can probe the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in GBM. Approach: To detect high mannose N-linked glycans overexpressed on mesenchymal CSCs with mannose-weighted (MANw) CEST MRI. Results: MANw CEST MRI was able to produce a distinct signal for highly aggressive GBM tumor spheres but not for low aggressive ones, which corresponded to the histoptahological presence or absence of mannose expression. Impact: We present a simple, non-invasive diagnostic approach for assessment of glioblastoma aggressiveness, which can be immediately implemented as an add-on to current MRI protocols.
Altered amide in substantia nigra is concordant with motor asymmetry in Parkinson's disease: a multipool CEST study
Authors: Tian Yaotian , Li Xinyang , Wang Xiaonan , Shang Dandan , Zheng Dandan , Li Chunmei , Chen Min
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The pathophysiological changes associated with motor asymmetry within midbrain nucleus in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) remains unclear. Goal(s): We aimed to explore the mesencephalic change by using four-pool model-based chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) analysis in asymmetrical PD. Approach: The difference of four-pool model-based CEST parameters in more and less affected side of mesencephalic region were compared, and its associations with motor asymmetry were estimated. Results: Our data revealed the inherent asymmetry on nigral amide and relayed nuclear Overhauser effect (rNOE) in asymmetric PD patients, and the substantial consistency between imaging laterality of nigral amide and motor laterality in significant asymmetrical PD. Impact: Our findings could benefit a better understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the asymmetry of PD and provide promising no-invasive neuroimaging biomarkers related to lateralization in PD.