bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Vitamin D Level Associates With Handgrip Muscle Strength Among Ethiopian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wakayo Tolassa , Belachew Tefera , Whiting Susan J.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Despite varying serum levels of 25(OH)D among schoolchildren in Ethiopia, data are lacking whether this affects their muscle function as measured by handgrip strength of these children. Handgrip strength may be used as a proxy indicator of muscle strength and function. This study evaluated the association between serum levels of 25(OH)D and handgrip strength among schoolchildren in Ethiopia.

Methods:

The study used a data set from a school-based cross-sectional study conducted on a total of 174 randomly selected schoolchildren from urban (N = 89) and rural (N = 85) settings of Adama Town and Adama Woreda, respectively. Handgrip strength, serum 25(OH)D levels, and anthropometry were measured for each child following standard procedures, while data on demographic characteristics of children and their parents were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. A multivariable linear regression model was used to determine the association between serum vitamin D level and handgrip strength after adjusting for other predictors.

Results:

The mean handgrip muscle strength of the students was 17.6 ± 6.9 kg. The average serum 25(OH)D for the group was 54.5 ± 15.8 nmol/L. On multivariable linear regression model, serum 25(OH)D level was significantly associated with handgrip strength (β = 0.06, P = .008) of the children after controlling for potential confounders. Other variables, female gender (β = −2.20, P = .004), age (β = 1.97, P < .001), height (β = .22, P < .001), weight (β = 0.33, P < .001), and triceps skinfold thickness (β = −0.19, P = .023), were identified to have significant association with handgrip strength of schoolchildren.

Conclusion:

Serum 25(OH)D levels had significant positive association with handgrip strength of Ethiopian schoolchildren. The results imply the need for incorporating school nutrition education on consumption of foods rich in important nutrients including vitamin D-rich foods in the school curricula and also enhancing behavioral change communication toward exposure to sunlight in the school to produce adequate vitamin D. Further longitudinal study involving a larger sample is recommended to confirm the findings.
Nodular-cystic eruption in course of sorafenib administration for hepatocarcinoma: An unconventional skin reaction requiring unconventional treatment
Authors: Borgia Francesco , Saitta Carlo , Vaccaro Mario , Franzè Maria Stella , Lentini Maria , Cannavò Serafinella Patrizia
Published: August 2017

Sorafenib is a multitargeted kinase inhibitor currently used in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is associated with a significant risk of skin toxicity, which nevertheless represents a clinical marker of good response to treatment. Hand-and-foot skin reaction, alopecia, mucositis, xerosis, skin discoloration, and nail involvement occur frequently in course of therapy. More rarely, sorafenib can target hair follicles. We report the case of a patient who developed painful inflamed nodular-cystic lesions in both pubic and axillary regions in course of treatment with sorafenib. Because of the limited therapeutic options, the patient underwent photodynamic therapy (PDT), a topical treatment which combines a photosensitizing drug applied on lesional skin and a source of light, and had no systemic side effects. At the end of the treatment period, the patient experienced progressive clinical improvement, with relief of the symptoms. PDT may be helpful to limit suffering in patients affected by recalcitrant skin toxicity of the pilosebaceous unit who are not candidates for, or not responsive to, standard therapies.
Cumulative Racial and Ethnic Inequalities in Potentially Capital Cases
Authors: Petersen Nick
Published: August 2017

To understand how racial/ethnic disparities are formed and sustained within death penalty institutions, this study tracks homicide cases through multiple stages of Los Angeles County’s criminal justice system. Drawing upon cumulative disadvantage research, this study focuses on the accumulation of racial/ethnic biases across multiple decision-making points. Logistic regressions seek to answer the following questions: (1) does victim/defendant race/ethnicity influence prosecutorial decision-making? and (2) if so, do these racial/ethnic disparities accumulate across multiple stages of the criminal justice system? Results indicate that cases with minority victims are less likely to involve a death-eligible charge or death notice. Moreover, these racial/ethnic disparities increase as cases advance through the courts, producing a Whiter pool of victims at later stages in the process. Defendant race/ethnicity is not predictive of death penalty charging decisions but does moderate the influence of victim race/ethnicity such that cases with minority defendants and White victims are treated more punitively.
Crisis Communications in the Age of Social Media
Authors: Hagen Loni , Keller Thomas , Neely Stephen , DePaula Nic , Robert-Cooperman Claudia
Published: August 2017

While emerging technologies such as social media have demonstrated value for crisis communications, significant question remains regarding how these tools can be most effectively leveraged to facilitate the flow of valid information under crisis conditions. In an effort to address these issues, this article examines the use of Twitter during the 2015–2016 Zika virus outbreak in the United States. Particular attention is paid to network structures within the Zika conversation and how different actors and communities contribute to the flow of information throughout the broader Twitter community. Public-facing organizations can benefit from a deeper understanding of the nature and structure of spontaneously occurring communities on social media as well as the types of content that they create and circulate. As such, these findings have significant implications for the development of effective social media strategies during natural disasters and public health emergencies. In particular, this analysis identifies several predominant themes communicated through Zika-related tweets as well as a number of distinct communities and influential actors. The findings suggest that respected political actors, public institutions, as well as those with valid scientific credentials can help to facilitate the flow of accurate and vital information across disparate communities.
Assessing youth labour market services: Young people’s perceptions and evaluations of service delivery in Germany
Authors: Shore Jennifer , Tosun Jale
Published: August 2017

While youth unemployment is a widely studied topic, many accounts fail to take into consideration young adults’ experiences with and perceptions of the public services they make use of. Young people’s perceptions of the services they use are closely linked to a variety of behaviours such as noncompliance, early withdrawal or non-take-up, all of which can hinder the (re-)entry to the labour market. How young people evaluate their interactions with employment services can even have impacts on societal and political attitudes; as for many young people, these experiences represent their first interactions with the state. In this study, we draw on unique survey data to offer insights into young adults’ evaluations and experiences with public employment services in Germany and discuss them in light of the structure and organizational capacity of public employment services to deliver the programmes and services that young adults need. By placing the analytical focus on young people’s evaluations, we argue that although Germany is often highlighted as a highly successful case in terms of youth labour market outcomes; there is nevertheless ample room for improvement in terms of how young people assess the offerings and personal experiences with public employment services.
A method for correcting a moving heat source in analyses with coarse temporal discretization
Authors: Partzsch Marian , Beitelschmidt Michael , Khonsari Michael M
Published: August 2017

The numerical simulation of a moving heat source from a fixed point observer is often done by discretely adjusting its position over the steps of a thermal transient analysis. The efficiency of these simulations is increased when using a coarse temporal discretization whilst maintaining the quality of results. One systematic error source is the rare update of a nonconstant moving heat source with regard to its magnitude and location. In this work, we present an analysis of the error and propose a correction approach based on conserving the specified heat from a continuous motion in analyses with large time-step sizes. Deficiencies associated with the correction in special motion situations are identified by means of performance studies and the approach is extended accordingly. The advantages of applying the proposed correction are demonstrated through examples.
Analyzing the impact of fossil fuel import reliance on electricity prices: The case of the Iberian Electricity Market
Authors: Moreno Blanca , García-Álvarez María T
Published: August 2017

Spain and Portugal are highly dependent on energy from abroad, importing more than 70% of all the energy they consume. This high energy dependence could involve important effects on the level and stability of their electricity prices as a half the gross electricity generated in both countries came from power stations using imported combustible fuels (such as natural gas, coal and oil). In general, changes in the prices of these fossil fuels can directly affect household electricity prices, since generation costs are likely to be transmitted through to the wholesale electricity market. Moreover, in the framework of the European Union Emission Trading System, electricity production technologies tend to incorporate their costs of carbon dioxide emission allowances in sale offers with the consequent increase of the electricity prices. The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of fossil fuel costs and prices of carbon dioxide emission allowances in the EU on the Spanish and Portuguese electricity prices. With this aim, a maximum entropy econometric approach is used. The obtained results indicate that not only the price of imported gas are very important in explaining Spanish and Portuguese electricity prices but also the price of carbon dioxide emission allowances in the EU.
Evidence-Based Practice in the social sciences? A scale of causality, interventions, and possibilities for scientific proof
Authors: Tellings Agnes
Published: August 2017

This article discusses Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in the social sciences. After a brief outline of the discussion, the work of William Herbert Dray (1921–2009) is examined. Dray, partly following Collingwood, worked on different forms of causality and methodology in historical explanation (in comparison to the social sciences), based on a distinction between causes and reasons. Dray’s ladder of rational understanding is also explored here. Taking his argumentation further and sometimes turning it upside-down, a scale of forms of causality is developed with accompanying types of interventions and possibilities for scientific proof of their effectivity. This scale makes it possible to weigh interventions regarding the degree to which “hard” scientific proof is possible for them. The article concludes with a brief discussion of how interventions in psychology and education should be chosen and can be justified, both those that do and those that don’t lend themselves to empirical research.
Islamic headscarves and the CJEU
Authors: Howard Erica
Published: August 2017

This article contains an analysis of the recent CJEU cases on the wearing of Islamic headscarves at work. It is argued that the CJEU had four main options in answering the questions referred by the national courts in these cases: it could have found that the employer’s rules in these cases constituted direct discrimination; it could have held that there was no direct discrimination but that there might be indirect discrimination, but that a very strict justification test should be applied; it could have concluded that there might be indirect discrimination and that a very lenient justification test should be applied; or, it could have found that the wish of customers not to have services provided by an employee wearing a headscarf is a genuine and determining occupational requirement. The CJEU appears to have chosen the third option, and in doing so, has missed the opportunity to take a strong lead in providing protection against religion or belief discrimination and against discrimination of minorities.
Brexit and EU private international law
Authors: Pilich Mateusz
Published: August 2017

Procedure of the British withdrawal from the European Union, officially launched on the 29th of March this year, opens not only questions of the general public-law governance but, first and foremost, gives rise to concern about its overall impact on the cross-border private-law transactions involving the UK and the rest-EU Member States. The article is focused on the regulatory risk within the framework of the Judicial Cooperation in Civil Matters (JCCM), encompassing the EU common private international law (PIL) provisions. Some misapprehensions about a possible continuity of the cooperation based on the existing PIL international treaties (e.g. the Lugano Conventions or the 1980 Rome Convention) on the one hand, and the deficiencies of the post-Amsterdam JCCM legislative mechanisms on the other hand, have been considered. The current European legislative policy dramatically lacks consistency even with regard to the EU countries which have not been vested with a special status comparable to the UK, Ireland, or Denmark. Thus the article suggests a possibility of restructuring the JCCM so as to encourage the UK to cooperate with the EU in the form of a ‘Continental PIL Partnership.’
Dualistic Passion for Work and Its Impact on Career Outcomes
Authors: Lajom Jennifer Ann L. , Amarnani Rajiv K. , Restubog Simon Lloyd D. , Bordia Prashant , Tang Robert L.
Published: August 2017

Drawing on the dualistic model of passion, we conducted a construct validation of the passion for work scale across four samples of employees and students. Specifically, we tested the two-factor structure of the model and examined the convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity of passion for work against conceptually similar work motivation and career-relevant constructs. Findings support the duality of the passion for work (i.e., harmonious and obsessive), its uniqueness as a motivational work construct, and its consequences on career-related outcomes. The findings also contribute to the increasing breadth of the passion literature across various contexts and its consequences for one’s work and career experiences.
Nivolumab-induced aplastic anemia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Comito Rachel R , Badu Lynette A , Forcello Nicholas
Published: August 2017

Directed immunotherapy at the programmed cell death-1 receptor has demonstrated efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic melanoma, and various other malignancies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are innovative therapies producing some impressive clinical responses with a more manageable adverse effect profile when compared to traditional chemotherapy. The more common adverse effects associated with these agents include fatigue, rash, myalgia, pyrexia, and cough, but less common yet serious adverse effects have included immune-mediated colitis, pneumonitis, hepatitis, type 1 diabetes, and encephalitis. Here we present a case of a female patient with glioblastoma multiforme, who was treated with the programmed cell death-1 receptor inhibitor nivolumab and subsequently developed aplastic anemia.
Immunotherapy-induced autoimmune hypophysitis
Authors: Valecha Gautam , Pant Manisha , Ibrahim Uroosa , Atallah Jean P
Published: August 2017

Autoimmune hypophysitis is an immune-related adverse event of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this article, we present the case of a 58-year-old female patient who presented to the emergency room with gradually worsening nonspecific symptoms of headache, nausea, vomiting and decreased oral intake of one week duration. The patient had been diagnosed with relapsed extensive stage small cell lung cancer. She was being treated with a combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab after progression on chemotherapy. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of head revealed pituitary enlargement up to 1.5 cm and pituitary stalk enlargement up to 4 mm consistent with hypophysitis. The patient was treated with corticosteroids resulting in rapid resolution of her symptoms. The objective of our report is to highlight this rare but important adverse event associated with checkpoint inhibitors, and discuss its clinical features, diagnostic work-up and treatment.
Understanding the Pathways to Resilience
Authors: Li Haibin , Bottrell Dorothy , Armstrong Derrick
Published: August 2017

Drawing on social ecological resilience frameworks, this study added adolescents’ voices to explore how they achieve academic and behavioural competencies despite being in high-risk environments in a Chinese context. Thirty-one 11th grade resilient students (12 male and 19 female) based on the previous quantitative results were interviewed. Results showed that the key people in the lives of resilient individuals are located in the micro-system of individuals’ ecological social environment (e.g., family and school). They have six important roles: caring and support in everyday life; academic expectations and involvement; spiritual encouragement; behavioural discipline and guidance; providing opportunities for meaningful involvement and role modelling. In addition, having positive life goals, perseverance and confidence were identified as common attributes of the resilient Chinese adolescents. Students’ accounts indicate that their resilience is grounded in cultural beliefs.
Bidirectional degeneration in the visual pathway in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)
Authors: Tian De-Cai , Su Lei , Fan Moli , Yang Jian , Zhang Rui , Wen Peng , Han Yujuan , Yu Changlu , Zhang Chao , Ren Honglei , Shi Kaibin , Zhu Zilong , Dong Yinhua , Liu Yaou , Shi Fu-Dong
Published: August 2017

Objective:

This study aims to investigate whether bidirectional degeneration occurs within the visual pathway and, if so, the extent of such changes in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).

Methods:

In total, 36 NMOSD and 24 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging were used to analyze damage to the posterior visual pathway. Damage to the anterior visual pathway was measured by optical coherence tomography.

Results:

In total, 24 NMOSD with prior optic neuritis (NMOON) patients showed significant reduction of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, inner and outer retinal thickness, lateral geniculate nucleus volume, primary visual cortex volume, and decreased integrity of optic radiations, compared with 12 NMOSD without prior optic neuritis (NMONON) patients and 24 HCs. In NMONON, only the inner retinal thickness and the integrity of optic radiations were significantly reduced in comparison with HCs. Moreover, patients with optic neuritis showed severe bidirectional degeneration, the loss of the RNFL was greater than the atrophy of V1.

Conclusion:

Our study indicated the presence of trans-synaptic degeneration in NMOSD. Damage to the inner retina and optic radiations can be observed even in NMONON. After an episode of optic neuritis, the anterior visual pathway damage is greater than the posterior visual pathway damage.
The economic impacts of a changing visa fee for Chinese tourists to Australia
Authors: Pham Tien Duc , Nghiem Son , Dwyer Larry
Published: August 2017

Chinese tourism demands in Australia have increased exponentially in recent time, driven largely by increases in the number of visitors. The hidden important fact of this market is its high price sensitivity, which is vital to the growth of the dominant Chinese tourism segment in the total inbound sector of the country. This article addresses a concern of the tourism industry regarding a possible policy change on a tourist visa fee for Chinese nationals that potentially has adverse impacts on the economy. The article demonstrates that the revenue objective of an increase in the visa fee for Chinese visitors is unlikely to be a successful policy, as it will take a long time for the visa revenue to compensate for the losses of gross domestic product. In the extreme, the GDP losses may never be compensated adequately by the increased visa revenue.
Do puzzle pieces and autism puzzle piece logos evoke negative associations?
Authors: Gernsbacher Morton Ann , Raimond Adam R , Stevenson Jennifer L , Boston Jilana S , Harp Bev
Published: August 2017

Puzzle pieces have become ubiquitous symbols for autism. However, puzzle-piece imagery stirs debate between those who support and those who object to its use because they believe puzzle-piece imagery evokes negative associations. Our study empirically investigated whether puzzle pieces evoke negative associations in the general public. Participants’ ( N = 400) implicit negative associations were measured with an Implicit Association Task, which is a speeded categorization task, and participants’ explicit associations were measured with an Explicit Association Task, which is a standard task for assessing consumers’ explicit associations with brands (and images of those brands). Puzzle pieces, both those used as autism logos and those used more generically, evoked negative implicit associations ( t(399) = –5.357, p < 0.001) and negative explicit associations ( z = 4.693, p < 0.001, d = 0.491). Participants explicitly associated puzzle pieces, even generic puzzle pieces, with incompleteness, imperfection, and oddity. Our results bear public policy implications. If an organization’s intention for using puzzle-piece imagery is to evoke negative associations, our results suggest the organization’s use of puzzle-piece imagery is apt. However, if the organization’s intention is to evoke positive associations, our results suggest that puzzle-piece imagery should probably be avoided.
Distributed fiber optic vibration sensor based on polarization fading model for gas pipeline leakage testing experiment
Authors: Wang Qiang , Han Linjuan , Fan Xinwei , Zhu Jianyun
Published: August 2017

To design a distributed fiber optic vibration sensor for urban natural gas pipeline leak detection, the light polarization fading transmission model based on Jones matrix is built in this mixed Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration. The interference light intensity of pipeline with leakage and without leakage cases is compared through spectrum analyzer. When fiber length ranges from 1.5 to 9.5 km, the light power intensity (central wavelength 1550 nm) reduces to −56 dB. In experiment, the leaky spectrum null frequencies are captured and the average relative error of leakage point location varies from 2.3 to 5.3%. When the sensing length is expanded to 9.5 km, the vibration sensor system sensitivity is 0.57 Hz/m.
An adaptive algorithm, based on modified tanh non-linearity and fractional processing, for impulsive active noise control systems
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad T
Published: August 2017

This paper presents an adaptive algorithm for active control of noise sources that are of impulsive nature. The impulsive type sources can be better modeled as a stable distribution than the Gaussian. However, for stable distributions, the variance (second order moment) is infinite. The standard adaptive filtering algorithms, which are based on minimizing variance and assuming Gaussian distribution, converge slowly or become even unstable for stable (impulsive) processes. In order to improve the performance of the standard filtered-x least mean square (FxLMS)-based impulsive active noise control (IANC) systems, we propose two enhancements in this paper. First, we propose employing modified tanh function-based nonlinear process in the reference and error paths of the standard FxLMS algorithm. The main idea is to automatically give an appropriate weight to the various samples in the process, i.e. appropriately threshold the very large values so that system remains stable, and give more weight to samples below threshold limit so that the convergence speed can be improved. A second proposal is to incorporate the fractional-gradient computation in the update vector of IANC adaptive filter. Computer simulations have been carried out using experimental data for the acoustic paths. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is very effective for IANC systems.
Dynamic characterization and modeling of rubber shock absorbers: A comprehensive case study
Authors: Ucar H , Basdogan I
Published: August 2017

Rubber or elastomeric materials are widely used for shock absorbers having elastic and viscous properties such as high inherent damping, deflection capacity, and energy storage. The dynamic properties of these components are of primary concern in designing rubber absorbers to reduce the shock loading given as well as the structure-borne noise transmissibility. Besides, the dynamic response of the mechanical systems, at where the rubber shock absorbers are used, is directly associated with the properties of the shock absorbers. In order to determine these properties of the rubber, mathematical models are created in terms of hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity. The hyperelastic and viscoelastic material models represent the nonlinear elastic and strain rate dependencies of the overall rubber behavior, respectively. Hyperelastic material model captures the material’s nonlinear elasticity with no-time dependence whereas viscoelastic model describes the material response which contains an elastic and viscous part depending on time, frequency, and temperature. This paper presents the dynamic characterization of rubber shock absorbers, having different shore hardness values, in terms of hyperelastic and viscoelastic constitutive models. The parameters of the constitutive models are determined from the uniaxial tensile and relaxation tests. These parameters are used for the numerical model of the rubber components and the accuracy of the characterization is presented by means of a numerical case study.
Teachers‘ attitudes and beliefs regarding ICT in teaching and learning in European countries
Authors: Eickelmann Birgit , Vennemann Mario
Published: August 2017

In the debate on the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) into schools, the beliefs and attitudes of teachers towards ICT in teaching and learning have always been regarded as central criteria for successful implementation of new technologies. In this context, a study in 2013 by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, IEA, provided insights into teachers’ beliefs regarding ICT and showed that perceptions of the pedagogical advantages of technologies differ between countries. With regard to this finding, this paper seeks to determine whether there is a typology of teachers with different attitudes towards the potential of ICTs for learning. This question is addressed by conducting latent class analyses on a sample of teacher data from three European countries – the Czech Republic, Germany and Norway. Furthermore, the paper investigates how the use of computers by teachers varies between the groups to which these teachers can be assigned. In doing so the research reported at hand connects, arguably for the first time, representative data on teacher typologies of attitudes towards and beliefs about ICT in teaching and learning with data on computer use in schools.
Internationalization within higher education and its influence on faculty: experiences of Turkish academic staff
Authors: Bedenlier Svenja
Published: August 2017

In this article, findings are reported from a phenomenology-oriented study on prolonged international mobility and the effects of internationalization on the professional lives of six academic faculty at a Turkish research university. Drawing on research on international mobility of faculty and the present context of Turkish higher education, this investigation identifies three distinct phases of the sojourn abroad – motivation to go abroad, being abroad, repatriating to Turkey – being framed by the supportive and demanding culture of the specific institution. For the participants, ambivalently perceived effects at the individual, institutional and national level include networks gained, the imperative to publish in English, and the lack of a comprehensive national policy for internationalization.
The co-conspiring methodology: An invitational approach to action research
Authors: Upton Sarah De Los Santos
Published: August 2017

Co-conspiring is an approach to action research aimed at decolonizing the research process. This research method is inspired by an ongoing, collaborative research relationship with East Central Ministries, a faith-based non-profit organization based in Albuquerque, New Mexico’s international district. Guided by East Central Ministries’s practices of intention setting/leaving space for what emerges, focusing on feelings, being community minded, and building the conspiring community, the co-conspiring approach to research is emergent and will manifest differently in any given research context. Grounded in the communication theory of invitational rhetoric, co-conspiring emphasizes relationships based in equality and offers possibilities for transformation through a willingness to be changed by the research experience.
Moral education and the limits of rationality: A reply to John Tillson
Authors: White John
Published: August 2017

This short paper is a reply to John Tillson’s article ‘The problem of rational moral enlistment’. It begins by correcting a misreading of my own position on the place of rationality in moral education and continues with a more substantive critique of Tillson’s own position on this, as well as that of Michael Hand. It asks whether Tillson is correct in seeing his view as an example of ’reflective equilibrium’ and suggests that, on the definition of ’indoctrination’ on which both Hand and Tillson rely, their own accounts of moral education are themselves indoctrinatory enterprises. The paper concludes by agreeing with Tillson on the importance of reflection in moral education while disagreeing with him over its purpose.
Psychological Trauma in the Context of Familial Relationships: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Isobel Sophie , Goodyear Melinda , Foster Kim
Published: August 2017

Many forms of psychological trauma are known to develop interpersonally within important relationships, particularly familial. Within the varying theoretical constructs of psychological traumas, and distinct from the processes of diagnosis, there is a need to refine the scope and definitions of psychological traumas that occur within important familial relationships to ensure a cohesive evidence base and fidelity of the concept in application to practice. This review used a philosophical inquiry methodology of concept analysis to identify the definitions, antecedents, characteristics, and consequences of the varying conceptualizations of psychological trauma occurring within important relationships. Interactions between concepts of interpersonal trauma, relational trauma, betrayal trauma, attachment trauma, developmental trauma, complex trauma, cumulative trauma, and intergenerational trauma are presented. Understanding of the discrete forms and pathways of transmission of psychological trauma between individuals, including transgenerationally within families, creates opportunities for prevention and early intervention within trauma-focused practice. This review found that concepts of psychological trauma occurring within familial relationships are not exclusive of each other but overlap in their encompassment of events and circumstances as well as the effect on individuals of events in the short term and long term. These traumas develop and are transmitted in the space between people, both purposefully and incidentally, and have particularly profound effects when they involve a dependent infant or child. Linguistic and conceptual clarity is paramount for trauma research and practice.
The role of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene in lung cancer: recent advances in research
Authors: Xu Yanling , Gao Peng , Lv Xuejiao , Zhang Lin , Zhang Jie
Published: August 2017

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death due to cancer worldwide. It is estimated that approximately 1.2 million new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed each year. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improvements in both prognosis and quality of life of lung cancer patients. The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene is a cancer-susceptibility gene that encodes a key apical kinase in the DNA damage response pathway. It has recently been shown to play an important role in the development of lung cancer. The main functions of the ATM gene and protein includes participation in cell cycle regulation, and identification and repair of DNA damage. ATM gene mutation can lead to multiple system dysfunctions as well as a concomitant increase in tumor tendency. In recent years, many studies have indicated that single nucleotide polymorphism of the ATM gene is associated with increased incidence of lung cancer. At the same time, the ATM gene and its encoding product ATM protein predicts the response to radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and prognosis of lung cancer, thus suggesting that the ATM gene may be a new potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
Early Response of Tree Seed Arrival After Liana Cutting in a Disturbed Tropical Forest
Authors: César Ricardo Gomes , Rother Débora Cristina , Brancalion Pedro H. S.
Published: August 2017

Most remaining tropical forests are under some level of chronic human disturbance, which may favor the proliferation of disturbance-adapted native plants, like some species of tropical lianas. These plants may alter forest structure and composition, but little is known about their effect on ecological processes, such as seed rain. We analyzed the early effects of overabundant lianas on the seed rain of animal-dispersed tree species for 1 year. We analyzed the effect of overabundant lianas on seed rain by cutting all lianas in experimental plots of 314.1 m2, establishing 12 paired plots with and without liana cutting in a disturbed Atlantic Forest remnant in Southeastern Brazil. Rarefied tree seed species richness was higher in plots dominated by lianas (10.9 ± 0.2 and 8.3 ± 1.2 for 500 seeds sampled in liana-dominated and liana-cut plots, respectively), but seed abundance was lower (209 ± 138 and 984 ± 421 seeds m−2 in liana-dominated and liana-cut plots, respectively). Pioneer seed abundance (316.0 ± 116.3 seeds m−2) and species density (3.2 ± 0.3 species trap−1) did not differ among treatments. Lianas may eventually increase local seed rain diversity, while suppressing local tree seed rain abundance. Understanding the impact of the dominance of ruderal species in ecological processes that maintain tropical forests communities, such as seed rain, is crucial to guide the directions for conservation and management of degraded remnants.
The diagnosis and management of renal trauma
Authors: Austin James , Rajkumar Govindaraj
Published: August 2017

Background:

Renal trauma is less common but often occurs in polytrauma. Most trauma is blunt and the severity of the injury varies in different circumstances.

Assessment:

There is a series of features that should prompt investigation but none are reliably seen in all trauma cases and a low threshold for suspecting renal injury should be taken. A urine dip is essential.

Investigation:

Computerised tomography is the main modality. Follow-up imaging may be used if complications arise and ultrasound may be used in some cases.

Management:

Approaches include surgical, radiological and conservative. The latter has been achieved in all grades but intervention will be required in haemodynamic instability.

Complications:

Haemorrhage, infection and urine extravasation are common and require intervention. There are many long-term complications and hypertension can occur by a variety of mechanisms.
Neonatal Tracheal and Intracardiac Repair in a High-Risk Premature Infant Requiring Preoperative ECMO Transport
Authors: Martin Billie-Jean , Holinski Paula , Noga Michelle , El-Hakim Hamdy , Aklabi Mohammed Al
Published: August 2017

Congenital tracheal stenosis is an uncommon malformation that portends a poor outcome in children who are symptomatic in the neonatal period. Over time, the management of significant tracheal disease has been consolidated at high-volume centers, and increasingly complex patients have undergone surgical repair. We present a premature newborn boy who was diagnosed with critical multi-level airway and cardiac disease who decompensated at a remote site, requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for transport. He underwent a complete repair including a slide tracheoplasty and was successfully discharged home, with no residual stenosis at follow-up.
A Content Analysis of the Methods Used to Study Emerging Adults in Six Developmental Journals From 2013 to 2015
Authors: Ravert Russell D. , Stoddard Nathan A. , Donnellan M. Brent
Published: August 2017

A content analysis of 2,050 papers published in six leading developmental journals from 2013 to 2015 was conducted to assess methods used in research on 18- to 29-year-olds. Of the 1,713 empirical studies examined, 8.6% included participants exclusively within that age range, and an additional 16.9% included such participants as part of a larger sample. In studies using samples exclusively aged 18–29, the most common methodologies were longitudinal (32.7%) and cross-sectional (31.8%) designs, followed by qualitative (17.6%) and mixed methods (10.1%). Around a quarter (25.7%) of the studies recruited samples from outside the United States. In around one third (34.9%) of U.S. studies, a majority of the sample represented traditionally underrepresented groups (race/ethnicity other than White/Caucasian). Approximately 44% of studies involved recruitment from colleges or universities. The most common stated study limitations involved use of a college sample, being limited to a particular region, and limitations due to ethnicity/race.
Social Role Transitions and Perceived Adulthood Status
Authors: Vleioras Georgios , Mantziou Aspasia
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate which social role transitions typically related to the advent of adulthood are associated with the perceived adulthood status of Greek men and women aged 25–29 and 30–35. Participants were 313 (27.8% male, overall average age 29.9 years) Greeks who answered questions concerning the achievement of adult role transitions (getting married, bearing children, moving away from parental home, becoming financially independent, and employed) and their perceived adulthood status. Logistic regressions run separately per gender and age-group exhibited that the family condition and the living arrangement predicted the perceived adulthood status of women 30–35. None of the social role transitions predicted the perceived adulthood status of the remaining three groups. The discussion focuses on the importance of these findings for the study of emerging adulthood.
Organs-on-a-chip
Authors: Bovard David , Iskandar Anita , Luettich Karsta , Hoeng Julia , Peitsch Manuel C
Published: August 2017

In the last few years, considerable attention has been given to in vitro models in an attempt to reduce the use of animals and to decrease the rate of preclinical failure associated with the development of new drugs. Simple two-dimensional cultures grown in a dish are now frequently replaced by organotypic cultures with three-dimensional (3-D) architecture, which enables interactions between cells, promoting their differentiation and increasing their in vivo likeness. Microengineering now enables the incorporation of small devices into 3-D culture models to reproduce the complex microenvironment of the modeled organ, often referred to as organs-on-a-chip (OoCs). This review describes various OoCs developed to mimic liver, brain, kidney, and lung tissues. Current challenges encountered in attempts to recreate the in vivo environment are described, as well as some examples of OoCs. Finally, attention is given to the ongoing evolution of OoCs with the aim of solving one of the major limitations in that they can only represent a single organ. Multi-organ-on-a-chip (MOC) systems mimic organ interactions observed in the human body and aim to provide the features of compound uptake, metabolism, and excretion, while simultaneously allowing for insights into biological effects. MOCs might therefore represent a new paradigm in drug development, providing a better understanding of dose responses and mechanisms of toxicity, enabling the detection of drug resistance and supporting the evaluation of pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamics parameters.
Centenarians With Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Stem Maxwell S. , Mammo Danny A. , Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Todorich Bozho , Thomas Benjamin J. , Williams George A.
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

To report the clinical findings in patients ≥100 years old who have age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods:

We identified patients ≥100 years old who had non-neovascular AMD, neovascular AMD or both.

Results:

Sixty-two patients were included. The mean (SD) age was 102 (1.4) years (range, 100-106 years). Most patients were white (n = 51, 82%), women (n = 51, 82%), and had at least 1 eye affected by neovascular AMD (n = 55, 89%). The mean Snellen visual acuity (VA) among eyes with neovascular AMD was worse than that for eyes with non-neovascular AMD (20/600 [range, 20/40-hand motions] vs 20/250 [range, 20/20-hand motions], respectively, P = .03). Eyes with an intact subfoveal ellipsoid zone (EZ) had much better mean VA than eyes with an absent or disrupted EZ (20/50 vs 20/500, P = .002).

Conclusion:

Most centenarians with AMD in our cohort had the neovascular form, and these individuals tended to have poorer vision than those with non-neovascular AMD. The presence of an intact subfoveal EZ is associated with better VA in eyes with neovascular or non-neovascular AMD compared to eyes with an absent or disrupted EZ.
A self-potential investigation of submarine massive sulfides: Palinuro Seamount, Tyrrhenian Sea
Authors: Safipour Roxana , Hölz Sebastian , Halbach Jesse , Jegen Marion , Petersen Sven , Swidinsky Andrei
Published: August 2017

The self-potential (SP) method detects naturally occurring electric fields, which may be produced by electrically conductive mineral deposits, such as massive sulfides. Recently, there has been increasing interest in applying this method in a marine environment to explore for seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits, which may contain economic resources of base and precious metals. Although SMS sites that are associated with active venting and are not buried under sediment cover are known to produce an SP signal, the effectiveness of the method at detecting inactive and sediment-covered deposits remained an outstanding question. We built an instrument capable of recording SP data in a marine setting. We carried out a test of the instrument at the Palinuro Seamount in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Palinuro is one of only a few known sites containing an SMS occurrence that is buried under sediment and not associated with active hydrothermal venting, although diffuse seepage of hydrothermal fluids is known to occur at the site. Elevated electric field strengths recorded in and near the site of previously drilled massive sulfide samples are on the order of [Formula: see text]. A second zone of high field strengths was detected to the north of the drilling area where gravity coring later confirmed the existence of massive sulfides. Our observations indicate that an SP signal can be observed at the site of SMS mineralization even when the mineralized zone is shallowly buried and active hydrothermal venting is not present. These observations could aid in the planning of future marine research expeditions that use the SP method in the exploration of seafloor massive sulfides.
The Effect of Calorie Posting Regulation on Consumer Opinion: A Flexible Latent Dirichlet Allocation Model with Informative Priors
Authors: Puranam Dinesh , Narayan Vishal , Kadiyali Vrinda
Published: August 2017

In 2008, New York City mandated that all chain restaurants post calorie information on their menus. For managers of chain and standalone restaurants, as well as for policy makers, a pertinent goal might be to monitor the impact of this regulation on consumer conversations. We propose a scalable Bayesian topic model to measure and understand changes in consumer opinion about health (and other topics). We calibrate the model on 761,962 online reviews of restaurants posted over eight years. Our model allows managers to specify prior topics of interest such as “health” for a calorie posting regulation. It also allows the distribution of topic proportions within a review to be affected by its length, valence, and the experience level of its author. Using a difference-in-differences estimation approach, we isolate the potentially causal effect of the regulation on consumer opinion. Following the regulation, there was a statistically small but significant increase in the proportion of discussion of the health topic. This increase can be attributed largely to authors who did not post reviews before the regulation, suggesting that the regulation prompted several consumers to discuss health in online restaurant reviews.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1048 .
Investor Overconfidence, Firm Valuation, and Corporate Decisions
Authors: Adebambo Biljana N. , Yan Xuemin (Sterling)
Published: August 2017

Behavioral theory predicts that investor overconfidence leads to overpricing because overconfident investors overestimate the quality of their information and underestimate risk. We test this prediction by using a measure of investor overconfidence derived from the characteristics and holdings of U.S. equity mutual fund managers. We find that firms with more overconfident investors are relatively overvalued based on the market-to-book ratio and a misvaluation measure. The result is stronger among stocks with greater mutual fund ownership, particularly by active mutual funds. Firms with more overconfident investors also exhibit lower subsequent stock returns, issue more equity, and invest more. Overall, our findings suggest that investor overconfidence is significantly related to firm valuation and corporate decisions.

The Internet appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2806 .

This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
MODY: one of the most easily missed causes of diabetes
Authors: Morris James , Morris David
Published: August 2017

Correctly identifying MODY is important for patients and for their families, say James Morris and David Morris
Genetics in breast cancer and treatment strategy : A current scenario
Authors: Islam Muhammad
Published: August 2017

This review aims to sketch the current scenario of breast cancer, which deals with the genetics, treatment strategy, drug resistance and over-comes as well as associated symptoms.