bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Nanoparticles Derivatized with both Functional Moieties for the Recovery of Heavy Metal Ions in Environmental Water
Authors: Guo Qing Zhong , Xue Ying Wen , Guo Jun Fang , Yan Guo Ping , Li Li Ang
Published: August 2010

Heavy metal ions are increasingly being released into environment, leading to serious pollution and significant health problems to human being. To address the adverse effects posed by them, in the present study, a remediation method by magnetic nanoparticles was proposed. The magnetic particles were synthesized by a solvothermal process first. Then they were derivatized with dual functional moieties of amino- and mercapto- by reacting with aminopropyl-triethoxysilane and mercaptopropyl-triethoxysilane simultaneously. The prepared material was characterized by infrared spectrometry and elemental analysis. Both functional groups of amino- and mercapto- were present within the material. Since amino- and mercapto- have high affinity for heavy metal ions, the material can be used to retrieve these ions from water samples. Pb2+ and Mn2+ were used as model analytes to evaluate the effectiveness of the material. It is found that, after 60 min adsorption, the ions were almost total removed from the sample solution.
A New Method and Equipment to Manufacture the Composite Powder Materials by Vacuum Co-Deposition of Double Sources
Authors: Zhang Shi Wei , Hou Li Yuan , Han Yong Chao , Xie Yuan Hua
Published: August 2010

In the process of manufacturing the composite materials, some of the chemical components are difficult to combine with each other. Aiming at this problem, a new method and supporting equipment of manufacturing the composite powder materials is reported which can make any two (or more) kinds of components mixing in nano-scale. This method is derived from the vacuum co-depositing technology by two (or more) vaporization sources for vacuum film coating, and some of the structures in vacuum film coil coating machine are used for reference. The principle, structure, process and characteristics of this method are introduced in detail. The models for depositing rate calculation are built respectively for both the electric resistance evaporation sources and the magnetron sputtering targets. The mixing component uniformity in the depositing powder material is analyzed by calculation.
Preparation of Hydrolyzed ZnO/Zn Hybrid Nanostructure with Zn Nanopaticle and its Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Ding Hao Ran , Wang Shu Lin , Chen Hai Yan
Published: August 2010

Zn nanopaticles scaled between 30-100 nm was prepared by the roller vibration milling in dry mode at room temperature, and the hydrolyzed ZnO/Zn hybrid nanostructure was attained from hydrolyzation while Zn nanopaticles contacted with water vapour in normal atmospheric pressure. Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) showed that the hydrolyzed production was made up of Zn and ZnO, and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) images showed that the hydrolyzed ZnO/Zn hybrid nanostructure had great dispersivity featuring nano-rods intermixed with nano-flakes. It was proved to have great photocatalytic performance in methyl orange (MO) degradation. Using it as catalyst, exposed 10mg/L MO solution to a 20W UV source light with a distance of 40 cm, the degradation rate will reach to over 80% in 60 min.
Coupled Fluid-Thermal Finite Element Analysis of Droplike-Shape-Spacer Nozzle’s Fluid Field of Al Roll-Casting
Authors: Zhou Ying
Published: August 2010

A three-dimensional finite element simulation model of fluid field including front-box and droplike-shape-spacer nozzle of aluminum roll-casting has been developed to provide analyzing distribution of velocity and temperature of outlet of nozzle. The computation was performed by using coupled fluid-thermal FEM simulation of FLOTRAN module in ANSYS 6.0. The boundary conditions of the roll-casting model of fluid and thermal fields, were loaded on front-box and nozzle. Based on the data from postprocessing function of ANSYS, the strict result analysis was conducted by MATLAB. Results based on the allowable inhomogeneity of velocity and temperature of outlet show the most possible broken regions of outlet could be predicted in the case of speed increasing of the drawing-sheet and thickness reducing of the aluminium sheet. Droplike-shape-spacer nozzle in this example only applied to normal speed, and must be optimized to be appropriate in high roll cast speed.
A Study of Microstructure and Surface Hardness of Parts Fabricated by Laser Direct Metal Deposition Process
Authors: Soodi Mehdi , Brandt Milan , Masood Syed H.
Published: August 2010

This paper presents an investigation on the microstructure and surface hardness of the parts fabricated by laser assisted Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) technology. A series of engineering metallic alloy powders were used in the DMD process to produce simple 3D geometric structures. The alloy powders investigated include: 316L stainless steel, 420 Stainless Steel, Stellite(R) 6, tool steel (H13), Cholmoloy (Ni Based alloy), and Aluminium Bronze. These were chosen due to their frequent application in engineering parts and components. The microstructure and hardness values have been compared to those of the wrought products (as annealed) as reported in the SAE standards, Heat treater’s guide to metals ASM international, and material data sheets supplied by the materials manufacturers. A significant difference is reported in both hardness and microstructure of the laser deposited samples compared to those of the wrought form.
The Application of CPFR Model in Information System
Authors: Ji Zhi Gang , Liu Ling Xi
Published: August 2010

As a new supply chain strategic technology, CPFR stresses the importance of cooperation theory and the partnership in supply chain strategies. But in reality, the application process is not as satisfactory as forecasted in theory. The problems include the complexity of the nine step decrease the efficiency of the system, the demand is not taken important enough here and there are still no very clear solution for the sales and order forecast steps. And the data mining function added to the system in this paper is still a structural design and the detailed designs need to be worked out before this function can be used in reality.
Research on Virtual Prototyping Development of Product Information Modeling Method
Authors: Chen Tian
Published: August 2010

In the heterogeneous environment, fast and real-time information exchange is the requirements of rapid developing and information integrated for mechanical products. Meanwhile, it is also the basis and guarantee of virtual prototyping. This paper analyzes the process of mechanical product design, particularly starts from the concept design stage of virtual product to achieve information sharing and building information models, put forward a software network environment based on objects and STEP standards for integrated information model and the basic PVPIIM framework, application protocol's development, leaf characteristics of the definition and expressions. Furthermore, we proposed a distributed virtual environment in the virtual prototyping development and make it support the whole pump virtual product development process on basis of PVPIIM for an integrated virtual environment, where we use virtual reality modeling language VRML to describe the 3D geometric shape, material, texture, color and virtual design background of pump parts.
Automatic Detection System of Web-Based Malware for Management-Type SaaS
Authors: Jing Xu , He Dong Jian , Zan Lin Sen , Li Jian Liang , Yao Wang
Published: August 2010

In management-type SaaS, user must be permitted to submit tenant’s business data on the SP's server, which may be embedded by the web-based malware. In this paper, we propose the automatic detecting method of web-based malware based on behavior analysis, which can make sure to meet the SLA by detecting the web-based malware actively. First, tenant’s update is downloaded to the bastion host by the web crawler. Second, it detect the behavior that tenant’s update is opened by IE. In order to break the malicious behavior during detecting, the IE has been injected in the DLL. Last, if the sensitive operations happen, the URL is appended to the malicious address database, and at same time the system administrator is informed by the SMS. The result of test is shown that our method can detect the web-based malware accurately. It helps to improve the service level of the management-type SaaS.
Discussions on the Potential, Function and Reconstruction Method of Landscapes in Urban Industrial Wasteland
Authors: Zhang Yi Chuan , Feng Lei , Li Xin Zheng
Published: August 2010

The objective of this study is to provide a basis for the landscape reconstruction in urban industrial wasteland. The study shows that the urban industrial wasteland has the following landscape potentials: providing the urban green space, improving the urban leisure system, enriching the urban history and culture, and meeting the development trend of the environmental protection. After reconstruction, the landscapes in urban industrial wasteland would have the following functions: ecology education, leisure and recreation, “Habitat Patch” and disaster prevention. The urban industrial wasteland can be reconstructed into urban theme parks, developed with industrial tourism and urban sight-seeing agriculture, or constructed into the zones for preserving and restoring the biological diversity through ecologic suitability analysis, landscape structure planning, and landscape ecology planning and ecological engineering methods. To form an ecology-economy-society integrated system is a new approach to the wasteland treatment.
Research of Stress Transfer Area and its Length Prediction of Single-Lap Adhesive Joint
Authors: Ouyang Wei Ping , Lin Jian Ping , Lu Zhi Guo
Published: August 2010

obtaining the law of stress and strain distribution of loaded adhesive joint has significant implication for joint design and its strength prediction. The dynamic FEM model of uniaxial tensile adhesive joint was established, in which strain fracture criteria is adopted. It can be observed from the FEM results that: lapped area of the joint bears shear stress primarily, the adherend areas located away from the lapped area bear steady tensile stress mainly and the adherend areas adjacent to lapped area endure tensile and shear stress simultaneously. Based on stress distribution characters, the joint was divided into three areas (lapped area, stress transfer area and uniform stress area) and an analytical model predicting the length of stress transfer areas was developed. DIC technology was applied to measure the whole field strain of the joint. It can be seen from the DIC results that the joints area division and the model of predicting the length of stress transfer length are feasible.
Effects of External Transverse Alternating Magnetic Field on the Oscillating Amplitude of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Arc
Authors: Meng Jian Bing , Dong Xiao Juan , Ma Chang Ning
Published: August 2010

A mathematical model was developed to describe the oscillating amplitude of the plasma arc injected transverse to an external transverse alternating magnetic field. The characteristic of plasma arc under the external transverse alternating magnetic field imposed perpendicular to the plasma current was discussed. The effect of processing parameters, such as flow rate of working gas, arc current, magnetic flux density and the standoff from the nozzle to the workpiece, on the oscillation of plasma arc were also analyzed. The results show that it is feasible to adjust the shape of the plasma arc by the transverse alternating magnetic field, which expands the region of plasma arc thermal treatment upon the workpiece. Furthermore, the oscillating amplitude of plasma arc decreases with decrease of the magnetic flux density. Under the same magnetic flux density, more gas flow rate, more arc current, and less standoff cause the oscillating amplitude to decrease. The researches have provided a deeper understanding of adjusting of plasma arc characteristics.
The Design and Realization of the Virtual Learning Environment about Yiwu Regional Culture
Authors: Yang Ruo Bing , Cheng Xiang Xiang , Yang Yu Hui
Published: August 2010

It has become an urgent problem to be solved for the education world to strengthen cultural education, transmit and develop excellent regional culture and enhance cultural quality of middle school students and the new generation. In the traditional Web-based learning environments used for transmitting regional cultures, there is not strong immersion, flexible interaction methods, interests and entertainments. In response, the basics of the cone of experience and constructivism learning theory are analyzed, a virtual learning environment about Yiwu regional culture is designed, and the system model, framework and the realization processes of key parts are stated.
GC/MS Analysis on Biomedical Resources of Extractives of Eucalyptus Leaves for Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Zhang Zhong Feng , Zhou Xian Yan , Wu Feng Juan , Ma Qing Zhi
Published: August 2010

To further utilize Eucalyptus leaves in biomedicine and put forward new ideas for biomedical manufacturing, the biomedical resources of extractives of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus urophylla leaves were analyzed by GC/MS. The results showed that: 1) The main constituents of benzene/ethanol extractives in E. camaldulensis leaves were 1-butanol, 4-butoxy- (14.97%), 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxym ethyl)- (12.16%), 1,2,3-benzenetriol (10.97%), d-allose(8.59%), 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxanonadecane, 18-propyl-(6.82%), 1,1'-biphenyl, 2,4'- dimethyl- (6.21%), 1-benzoxiren-3-ol(5.58%), α-tocopherol-β-d-mannoside(3.77%), benzene, 1-methyl-2-(phenylmethyl)- (3.61%), methyl β-d-galactopyranoside(3.41%), etc. 2) The main constituents of benzene/ethanol extractives in E. urophylla leaves were 1,2,3-benzenetriol(15.22%), 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxanonadecane, 18-propyl-(8.66%), 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecan-1-ol, 14-[4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenoxy]-( 5.79%), naphthalene, 1,2,4a,5,8,8a-hexahyd ro-4,7-dimethyl-1 -(1-methylethyl)- (4.93%), 1,2,3-butanetriol(3.61%), ethyl α-d-glucopyranoside(3.29%), 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxym ethyl)- (3.27%), 4h-1,3,2-dioxaborin, 2-ethyl-4-met hyl-4,6-bis(2-methylpropyl)- (3.19%), vitamin e(2.97%), etc. The results of function analyses suggested that the benzene/ethanol extractives of both E. camaldulensis and E. urophylla leaves were abundant in materials of noble natural biomedicines.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange on Y Zeolite Supported TiO2
Authors: Wang Hong , Yang Bo , Zhang Wen Jie
Published: August 2010

The photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Y photocatalyst was investigated. The experimental results showed that the activity of TiO2/Y photocatalyst prepared by sol-gel method was greatly affected by calcination temperature and the nature of Y-zeolite. Photocatalytic degradation efficiency increased with increasing content of TiO2 on NaY zeolite and reached its maximum rate of 12.4% when TiO2 content was 90%. When TiO2 content was in the range of 50% to 90% , the activity of TiO2/HY was better than pure TiO2. The activity of TiO2/FeY was comparatively low in the TiO2 content range of 50-90%. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity of TiO2 after loading on Y zeolite is not appreciable, indicating that Y type zeolite is not a promising support for TiO2 prepared by sol-gel method.
Networked Manufacturing System Based on ASP and SQL Server
Authors: Li Gong Fa , Kong Jian Yi , Jiang Guo Zhang , Xie Liang Xi
Published: August 2010

With the development and application of the Internet and Intranet, it shows that the response of the traditional manufacturing model to the information lags behind the change. Based on the computer technology, web technology and modern communication technology, the information flow of networked manufacturing system can be transferred timely among virtual alliance regardless of regions. So social manufacturing resource can be used fully. In order to share timely the information and optimize the social manufacturing resource about designing and producing car wheel hub, a solution to establishing networked manufacturing system of car wheel hub based on ASP and SQL Server was put forward. According to detailed analysis the process of design information transferring and the hub designing, a prototype networked manufacturing system of car wheel hub had been developed. It has very great practical value.
A Study on Key Technologies of Digital Library Information Service and their Application Prospect in China
Authors: Zhou Kun , Liu Chun Nian
Published: August 2010

Studies on digital library information service and the key technologies have both recently witnessed significant progress while still remains some open problems on how to apply the key technology in the digital library. Therefore there is an indisputable value in analyzing the superior and difference of key technologies used in the digital library information service. This paper introduces the main organizations and business contents of the digital library, the key technology of digital library information service, the analysis on key technologies and efficiency of digital library information service, and analyzes the application prospects on key technologies of digital library information service in china. The application of technologies will make the digital library information service more productive and effective to the public and can effectively solve various problems. The emergence of information technology provides good prospects of application for the digital library information service.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Muhammad Wan Nur Azrina Wan , Mutoh Yoshiharu , Miyashita Yukio
Published: August 2010

Magnesium powders were sintered by using spark plasma sintering (SPS) and conventional pressureless sintering (PLS) techniques at sintering temperatures ranged from 552°C to 605°C to investigate effect of sintering method on microstructure and mechanical properties of sintered magnesium. High densed magnesium could be obtained by using spark plasma sintering technique compared to conventional presureless sintering at the same sintering temperature. It was found that the ultimate tensile strength increased with increasing sintering temperature for both the materials sintered by PLS and SPS. The magnesium samples prepared by SPS showed better mechanical properties than those prepared by PLS. The microstructural observations revealed that the grain growth was not significant in SPS process compared to PLS, which would enhance the mechanical properties of the SPS sintered magnesium.
A Evaluation Framework for Quality of Experience in 3G Network
Authors: Wang Yu Jiao , Lin Hai Yun
Published: August 2010

In this paper the measurement concept of QoE related to mobile video streaming in 3G network environment is introduced. The state-of-the-art tools created for automatic data capturing in field experiments are compared. Results of a semi-Living Lab experiment using the MyExperience in-situ measurement tool are presented and analyzed. Five orthogonal QoE aspects are proposed by performing Principal Component Analysis on 17 question items from the questionnaires. Technical-quality related QoE aspects are modeled by the technical QoS parameters (at wireless infrastructure and network level) measured during the experiment. It is shown that QoE of mobile video streaming is influenced by the QoS and by the context also.
Effect of Hardness of Second Phase Particle on Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Steels with Hard Second Phase Particle in Soft Ferrite Matrix
Authors: Mustapa Mohammad Sukri , Mutoh Yoshiharu
Published: August 2010

K-constant fatigue crack growth (FCG) tests were conducted on low carbon steels with uniformly distributed hard particle with different of pearlite, bainite and martensite in a soft ferrite matrix. The FCG tests by using a single edge cracked tension (SECT) type was performed inside a scanning electron microscope chamber equipped with a servo-hydraulic fatigue machine. During the test, in-situ crack path observation was carried out to identify the crack tip stress shielding phenomena. From the results, influence of hardness of second phase particle on the FCG behavior in Paris regime was systematically investigated. The results revealed that the ferrite-martensite (FM) steel showed significantly higher FCG resistance compared to that of ferrite-pearlite (FP) and ferrite-bainite (FB) steels. The harder second phase particle would be more difficult to be plastically deformed, which would induce higher plastic constrain. This higher plastic constrain may result in significant crack closure effect and stress shielding effect, thereby increasing higher FCG resistance.
The Remote Technology Support for Motion Controller Based on the Ethernet
Authors: Wu Xiao Jun , Sun Shu Dong
Published: August 2010

Many enterprises design their device with motion controller as one parts of whole equipment. On the Internet, if the engineer wants to do a remote technology support to a particular motion controller, the latter need to have an Internet IP address which can be accessed. Fixed (static) IP address with limited resources, the user must pay high cost. This paper presents VPN technique to remote technology support for Siemens SIMOTION motion controller. A detailed analysis of the application effect is shown. The result shows the feasibility of remote technology support to motion controller using VPN technology.
Shock Response Analysis for a Journal-Bearing System by a Results Comparison
Authors: He Shao Hua , Wu Xin Yue
Published: August 2010

Shock response analysis of a journal-bearing system with the journal-bearing connection modeled as a spring link in radial direction and a dry contact joint respectively is presented. In the first model, the spring constants representing oil-film characteristic are determined by eight coefficients. In the second model, the friction forces are calculated using a modified Coulombs friction law. The contact detection points are the integration point and located at Gauss points. Only the contact normal pressure is treated as a Lagrange multiplier. The tangential contact stresses are calculated based on the penalty method. System’s time varying responses are obtained by FEM. A results comparison was performed between “spring link” model and “dry contact” model. The main conclusion is that stress distribution is nearly same in the system modeled by the two methods, but the amplitude in the former is smaller than that in the latter.
Photocatalytic Methyl Orange Degradation on TiO2-NaX Composite
Authors: Wang Hong , Yu Yang , Zhang Wen Jie
Published: August 2010

Photocatalytic activities of simple mixture of TiO2 and NaX, and TiO2-NaX composite prepared by solid-state dispersion method were investigated. Methyl orange degradation rate increased sharply when TiO2 concentration was low and reached its maximum value at TiO2 concentration of 200 mg/l when using pure TiO2. After 120 min of irradiation, methyl orange degradation rate could reach 98.4%, which means nearly all of the dye degraded after two hours. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and NaX simple mixture increased with increasing amount of NaX up to 60.4% when NaX amount was 1.4 g/l. The composite TiO2-NaX prepared by grinding had lower activity at various NaX addition amount. The photocatalytic activity of composite TiO2-NaX prepared by solid-state dispersion was better than the composite before calcination. However, the maximum degradation rate was only 41.2%, which was still lower than pure TiO2.
Research on Structural Dynamic Optimal Design of NC Internal Grinder
Authors: Hu Ru Fu , Chen Xiao Ping
Published: August 2010

Structural dynamics optimal design of key components is basis to reach optimal design of whole machine tool. The method of sensitivity analysis is applied to optimize the arrangement shapes and parameters of the strengthened bars of components. The BP neural networks model of the spindle system is established and corrected based on comparing with the experimental result, and the structure parameters of the spindle are optimized. These technologies will benefit to realize optimal design of whole NC internal grinder and guide dynamic optimal design of other machine tools.
Technical and Performance Study of Ti-W Composite Chemical Conversion Coating on Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Wu Yan Bo , Zeng Si Si , Sun Peng
Published: August 2010

Ti-W composite coating was made by chemical conversion method on aluminum alloy. By orthogonal experiment, the optimal coating-forming conditions were the concentration ratio of TiOSO4 and Na2WO4 was 0.3 g/L:0.3 g/L、KMnO4 1.0 g/L、NaF 1.0 g/L、reaction temperature 40°C、reaction time 2min. The morphology of the coating was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Coating composition and the microcosmic phase structure were characterized using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. Electrochemical test was used to study the coatings corrosion resistance. The results indicated that the composite chemical conversion coating is a crystal structure material that composites with Al、Mn、W、Ti et al., its surface appears as a accumulation of fibroid spherical particles, the crystallinity of conversion coating is better than uncoated sample obviously. The corrosion potential of the coating is improved to -0.440V, they were both prove the corrosion resistance has improved.
Study on Preparation and Properties of Starch and 4-Phenolsuflonate Graft Copolymer with HRP Catalysis
Authors: Lv Sheng Hua , Ma Yan Fen , Gong Rui , Yan Xiao Liang , Hou Ming Ming
Published: August 2010

Degraded starch was reacted with 4-phenolsuflonate (PHS) in water in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalyst/H2O2/acetylacetone (ACAC) to give starch and PHS graft copolymers. The structure and properties of the graft copolymer are characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear　Magnetic　Resonance (NMR). The retanned leather exhibits excellent increased thickness and softness, good dyeing ability and eligible mechanical properties.
TiO2-HY(FeY) Composites Used as Photocatalysts on Methyl Orange Degradation
Authors: Yang Li Li , Bai Jia Wei , Zhang Wen Jie
Published: August 2010

Photocatalytic activity of simple mixture of TiO2 and HY(FeY), and TiO2-HY(FeY) composite prepared by solid-state dispersion method were investigated to study the effect of Y zeolite addition on TiO2 activity. Methyl orane degradation rate increased sharply with increasing TiO2 amount at low photocatalyst concentration until it reached the maximum value when TiO2 concentration was 200 mg/l. In the wide range of HY(FeY) content, TiO2-HY(FeY) composite prepared by solid-state dispersion method showed weaker photocatalytic activity on methyl orange degradation compared with pure TiO2. When TiO2:HY ratio was 10:5, the maximum methyl orange degradation rate was 51.2% in the simple mixture of TiO2 and HY. When TiO2:FeY ratio was 10:7 in the simple mixture of TiO2 and FeY, the optimum methyl orange degradation rate was 60.9%, which was a little higher than that of TiO2.
Research on Equipment Parameters Management Mode of Complex System
Authors: Liu Li Xia , Zhuang Yi Qi
Published: August 2010

Equipment parameters management mode that independent from system will help improve compatibility and scalability of system. Aiming at the requirements of equipment compatibility and scalability in system development, the paper brought out a kind of commonly used equipment parameters management design mode. Using XML file to manage configured equipment parameters, the mode loads, managements and parses equipment parameters automatically, which makes it only need to modify configure file in case of add or update equipments. The successful usage of the design mode in monitoring network of some equipment proves its effective and scientific application.
Statistical Models to Predict Fresh Properties of Self-Consolidating Concrete
Authors: Long Wu Jian , Khayat Kamal Henri , Xing Feng
Published: August 2010

In order to understand the influence of mixture parameters on concrete behaviour, a factorial design was employed in this investigation to identify the relative significance of primary mixture parameters and their coupled effects (interactions) on fresh properties of SCC that are of special interest to precast, prestressed applications. In addition to the 16 SCC mixtures employed, three SCC mixtures corresponding to the central point of the factorial design were prepared to estimate the degree of the experimental error for each of the modeled responses. The mixtures were evaluated to determine several key responses that affect the fresh properties of precast, prestressed concrete, including filling ability, passing ability, filling capacity, surface settlement, and column segregation. Mixture parameters modeled in this investigation included the binder content, binder type, w/cm, sand-to-total aggregate ratio (S/A), and dosage of thickening-type, viscosity-modifying admixture (VMA). The factorial design can identify potential mixtures with a given set of performance criteria that can be tried in the laboratory, hence simplifying the test protocol needed to optimize SCC.
Preparation and Characterization of Degradable Poly(silyl ester) and the Self-Crosslinking Reaction of Poly(silyl ester) without Solvent
Authors: Zhou De Jie , Han Nian Feng , Tang Xin De
Published: August 2010

The new poly(silyl ester) has been prepared by the polycondensation reaction of 1,5-dichloro-1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-3,3-diphenyl-trisi1oxane with di-tert-butyl fumarate by the elimination of tert-butyl chloride as a driving force. To investigate the self-crosslinking reaction of the unsaturated poly(silyl ester), poly(1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-3,3-diphenyltrisiloxane) was self- crosslinked in the presence of 2, 2'-azobis(isobutyronitri1e) (AIBN) as a radical initiator without solvent. After the self-crosslinking, the unsaturated poly(silyl ester), which was viscous liquids, turned into solid product. The characterization of the poly(silyl ester) and the self-crosslinked product included 1H-NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Comparisons were made between the linear poly(silyl ester) and the self-crosslinked products. It was found that after crosslinking, the important resonance signal for ethenylene (C=C) of the poly(silyl ester) reduced, which show that the crosslinking reaction is carried out. The self-crosslinked product exist the structures of linear isomer and four-membered ring isomer. The glass-transition temperatures of the self-crosslinked poly(silyl ester) was higher than that of the uncrosslinked poly(silyl ester), and the thermal stability of the self-crosslinked poly(silyl ester) was better than that of uncrosslinked poly(silyl ester).
Protection of Nano Coating to the Through-Flow Parts of Hydraulic Turbine
Authors: Li Yan Pin , Liao Ni Huan , Yu Wei Feng
Published: August 2010

One characteristic of Chinese rivers is their high silt contents. The Yellow River is unique for its excessive suspended sediment of the world river. Its annual sediment discharge is 116 million tons and its average sediment concentration is about 37.5 kg/m. Hydropower stations on the Yellow River are all facing the erosion problems on hydraulic turbines.
The main harms of hydraulic turbine erosion are as follows: shorten repair cycle time and increase repair workload, less efficient plant operation, high maintenance costs and high potential safety risks. For example, Sanmenxia Hydropower Station, which is in the midstream of the Yellow River, has multi-year average sediment concentration 37.5kg/m, the maximum sediment 91lkg/m. Its hydraulic turbine is Kaplan turbine. Because of high sediment content, its turbine erosion is very serious. After running 3630 hours, the most of the 3mm stainless steel plate welded in the back of blades has come off in 4# turbine. The gap size between the blades and the middle ring already was extended from 7～8mm to 20mm and the weight loss of the blades was 780kg. After running 7595 hours, the base material of the blade back was alveolate and the gap size was extended to 40～50mm. After 31000 hours, the triangle of the blade head has been rubbed off and the gap size was extended to 120mm. The turbine was almost scrapped. To reduce or eliminate the silt erosion, an effective way is to use surface coating to the through-flow parts of the hydraulic turbine.
Design and Implementation of the Block Cipher-SMS4 IP Core
Authors: Wang Bin , Lan Ju Long , Guo Yun Fei , Zhang Yuan Yang
Published: August 2010

Block ciphers play an essential role in securing the wireless communications. In this paper, an FPGA implementation of the new block cipher SMS4 is presented. The SMS4 Intellectual Property (IP) core includes a non-pipelined encryption/decryption data path with an on-the-fly key scheduler and supports both the Electronic Code Book (ECB) and Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) operation modes. Our result shows that the SMS4 IP core can achieve a high throughput using only a relatively small area. It is well suitable for the field of area restrained condition.
Research on Dynamic Weight WFQ Algorithm of Wireless Networks
Authors: Li Yong
Published: August 2010

Excellent scheduling algorithms can optimize allocation and improve utilization of wireless resources. To improve QoS of wireless networks, this paper presents a Dynamic Weight-Weight Fair Queuing (DW-WFQ) algorithm with differentiated service that is suited to characteristics of wireless networks based on WFQ algorithm. The proposed algorithm adaptively adjusts the weights of queues according to the dynamical measurement of link state. It can fully make use of limited wireless network resources and improve the overall throughput of network.The simulation experiment results using OPNET software tool demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can improve the network throughput and reduce the average end-to-end delay, compared with WFQ algorithm.
Three-Dimensioned Extrusion Simulation and Analysis of Bending Aluminum-Alloy Tube Based on Deform Software
Authors: Feng Zhi Long , Song Ji Shun , Ma Xu , Ma Jing Yun , Jian Zhang
Published: August 2010

In this paper three numerical models , eccentric extrusion method to prepare bending tube ,concentric partial material extrusion method to prepare bending tube, differential velocity extrusion method to prepare bending tube , are built and simulated . Furthermore analyses distribution of material flow velocity filed, load prediction, distribution of simulated tube wall thickness and so on. Though analysis and verification, we can draw the conclusion that three kinds of process methods are feasible, and avoid the quality defect caused by the traditional manufacturing method such as non-uniform wall thickness and wrinkling .They will have practice directive significance for improving bending tube.
Constitutive Equation of Ti-6Al-3.5Mo Titanium Alloy at High Temperature
Authors: Wang Zhong Tang , Qi Guang Xia , Zhang Shi Hong
Published: August 2010

The constitutive equation of Ti-6Al-3.5Mo titanium alloy had been researched with thermal simulation experiment. The experimental temperature was between 1030°C and 1120°C, and strain-rate was between 0.001 and 1.0, and the deformation degree was 50％. According to Arrhenius　equation, a kind of constitutive equation of Ti-6Al-3.5Mo titanium alloy had been put forward. Compared the calculation results by constitutive equation with experiment results, the relative errors were less than 12%. For Ti-6Al-3.5Mo titanium alloy, strain-rate sensitivity coefficient being m=0.1688, and temperature sensitivity coefficient being s=10233.
Performance and Reliability Analysis of Bundled SWCNT as IC Interconnects
Authors: Kuruvilla Nisha , Raina J.P. , John Arun Greig , Athulya A.
Published: August 2010

This work has investigated the performance of Single-walled carbon nanotube bundle as futuristic interconnect material under process constraints and compared its suitability as IC interconnect material as per ITRS predictions. It also analyzes variance of each parasitic effect along with the variations in process parameters. This paper pinpoints the variables causing bottlenecks in realizing optimum performance and improving reliability. It also evaluates the effect of diameter variations of CNTs in an SWCNT bundle and metallic tube ratio on the performance and reliability for 22nm technological node. The results demonstrate that the relative variations in the resistance are critically effected by the variations in metallic tube ratios rather than diameter variations. The diameter variation introduces its critical effect only at global level.
Research of Electrical and Hydration Behavior of Phosphoaluminate Cementitious Material
Authors: Zhang Ming , Ding Zhu , Liu Peng , Wang Ming Ke , Xing Feng
Published: August 2010

Electrodeless resistivity and impedance spectroscopy measurement are reliable equipments of test online for monitoring the hydration process of cement-based materials continuously and accurately. Phosphoaluminate cement (PAC) sets quickly and develops high early strength. In order to understand the mechanism, the hydration products and microstructure formation of PAC in early age need to be studied. In the study, early hydration process and impedance spectroscopy characteristics of PAC with different dosage of retarder were investigated. According to the test, resistivity of freshly mixed PAC paste decreases sharply and then rises slowly, some characteristic peaks appear at different hydration stages of PAC, which indicates the hydration process of PAC includes four stages which are dissolution, induction, acceleration and deceleration. Impedance spectroscopy can reflect the change of micro-structure and ion concentribution of PAC matrix by resistance and capacitance.
Optimization of Warpage in Injection Molding Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm
Authors: Liu Jun , Sun Bao Shou , Li Guo Fu
Published: August 2010

To make a simulated annealing algorithm(SA) to optimize the method of warping deformation of the purpose is to enable the optimal value of the warpage. Using ActiveX technology and VB programming tools will be SA and Moldflow combination. The optimal injection molding process parameters, such as mold temperature, melt temperature, gate location were determined by according to Metropolis criterion and following a route of Monte Carlo(MC) heuristic random search determined by SA. The results of the typical model show that the wargae is accurate and reliable, and the optimization efficiency is effectively improved by applying the SA method, therefore the combination of Moldflow and SA proposed in this paper is useful for the optimization of injection molding process parameters.
Parameters Optimization of Semisolid Diecasting Process for Air-Conditioner’s Triple Valve in HPb59-1 Alloy
Authors: Yan Guan Hai , Zhao Sheng Dun , Sha Zheng Hui
Published: August 2010

The disadvantages of air-conditioner’s triple valve in HPb59-1 alloy processed by traditional solid state hot forging, such as larger forming loads, lower material utilization, larger subsequent machining allowance, nonuniform microstructure, are put forward. However, semisolid diecasting forming which can overcome the above shortcomings is a fascinating technology. The process paremeters which had a larger influence on filling ability of semisolid slurry and casting quality, such as pouring temperature, shot velocity and preheated temperature of the die, were chosen. Furthermore, based on orthogonal test, the semisolid diecasting process of a certain type triple valve was simulated with FLOW-3D. According to the analysis of temperature field, pressure field and surface defect concentration, the optimal process parameters such as pouring temperature 897.25 °C, shot velocity 1.5 m/s and preheated temperature of the die 260 °C, were obtained, and the effectiveness of the technology was well demonstrated by numerical simulation.
Key Frame Extraction Algorithm Based on Information Theory
Authors: Xiao Yong Liang , Zhu Shao Ping
Published: August 2010

Key frames play a very important role in video indexing and retrieval. In this paper, we propose a novel method to extract key frames based on information theory. We use improved Bayesian Information Criterion to determining the number of key frames, and then automatically extract key frames to represent video shot based on information bottleneck cluster method. Experimental results and the comparisons with other methods on various types of video sequences show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Preparation of Acetate Grade Pulp from Birch by Alkali Preimpregnation Kraft Process
Authors: Zhou Shu Ke , Xing Mian , Zhang Jing , Pu Jun Wen
Published: August 2010

In this study, alkali preimpregnation was proved to be an pretreatment that could remove the hemicellulose effectively. Both the concentration of NaOH and the preimpregnation time were investigated. The optimum amount of NaOH was 16% od wood in the kraft pulping process. Cooking with 0.05% AQ (anthraquinone) could avoid the reduce of cellulose. The physicochemical Parameters of acetate grade pulp can be achieved after the O-D-E-D-E-Q-P-A bleaching sequence.
Yield Line Analysis of Bolted Connections to I-Section Webs
Authors: Wang Z.Y. , Wang Qingyuan , Ouyang W.X.
Published: August 2010

The yield line analysis method is adopted to develop expressions for predicting yield load of bolted I-section web as the connecting face governs the failure of such connection. The proposed expressions are studied by varying the ratio, , of the bolt gauge width to the effective width of the web. By introduction of connecting face deformation limit, the comparison of the yield loads predicted by theoretical expressions and finite element analysis are demonstrated a satisfactory result for practical design. Thus, the yield load predicted by proposed expressions can be used as the basis for design of the bolted connections to I-section webs.
Dynamic Constitutive Relation of EMC
Authors: Wang Bo , Chen Tong , Shu Xue Feng
Published: August 2010

In this paper, dynamic properties of EMC were studied at different temperatures and different strain rates. Firstly EMC was investigated by quasi-static tests. Secondly a series of dynamic compressive experiments of EMC were conducted using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) at sectional height of strain rates. Thirdly EMC constants in ZWT model were determined from experiments. Corresponding measurements were conducted at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 160°C. The results indicate that the yield strength and flow stress of EMC increase remarkably with the increase of strain rate and it is shows that the assembled curve is fit good accordance with actual the experimental curve. However, the yield strength of EMC is a little change with the increase of temperature which is ranging from 20°C to 160°C.
Preparation and Characterization of SnO2/WO3/MWCNT Nanocomposite Thin Film for NO2 Gas Sensor
Authors: Lin Wei , Huang Shi Zhen , Chen Wen Zhe
Published: August 2010

A novel nanocomposite thin film material of SnO2/WO3 metal oxide compound doped by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and its corresponding gas sensor were prepared by radio frequency (RF) reactive magnetron sputtering. The surface composition and chemical elements of the thin film material were respectively analyzed and validated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The influencing factors of gas sensing properties were studied and the test results of gas sensor were analyzed. The results indicated that the detection using the composite material gas sensors for low concentration NO2 toxic gas could be greatly improved by MWCNTs which were doped on the mixed oxides matrix. A possible mechanism explaining the behaviour of the thin film gas sensor was introduced.
 The construction of work–life balance: The experience of Black employees in a call-centre environment
Authors: Potgieter Sonia C.B. , Barnard Antoni
Published: August 2010

Orientation: Work–life balance, as a crucial aspect of employee and organisational wellness, remains an interesting field of research, especially due to the changing demographic employee profile.Research purpose: The objective of the study was to explore Black employees’ construction of work–life balance in a customer care environment.Motivation for the study: The conceptual debate regarding the construct of work–life balance in general as well as limited qualitative research with regard to Black employees’ experience of work–life balance in a South African context motivated the study.Research design, approach and method: This qualitative study was designed from an interpretivist perspective. Ten employees, selected through purposeful sampling, participated in the study. Data was gathered through in-depth interviews and grounded theory was applied during data analysis.Main findings: The grounded theory analysis of the data yielded six themes central to participants’ construction of work–life balance. The findings suggest that work–life balance is conceptualised as a continuous, subjective and holistic valuation of satisfaction derived from multiple roles in relation to the importance to the individual at a given point in time.Practical/managerial implications: Findings provide valuable managerial information to guide suitable strategies enhancing the work–life balance experience and by implication employees’ general wellbeing, job satisfaction and commitment.Contributions/value-add: This study contributes to the evolving body of knowledge with regard to work–life balance and provides a unique context-specific perspective to the conceptual understanding of the construct.
Primary Mouse Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Have Variable Injury Tolerance to Ischemic and Chemical Mediators of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Breggia Anne C. , Himmelfarb Jonathan
Published: August 2010

We have developed and evaluated an in vitro culture method for assessing ischemic injury in primary mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) in which to explore the pathobiology underlying acute kidney injury. RTEC were predominately of proximal tubule origin which is most susceptible to ischemic injury as compared to other nephron segments. Oxidative stress was induced by chemically depleting ATP using Antimycin A and 2‐Deoxy‐D‐Glucose and by exposing cells to a 1% oxygen environment. Necrotic injury was assessed by measuring LDH released into culture supernatants. Optimal dose and time of exposure to each injury agent was determined for induction of mild, moderate and severe ischemic injury defined as LDH release of ≤20%, 21–49% and ≥50% above baseline respectively. Antimycin A and 2‐Deoxy‐D‐Glucose produced a progressive increase in LDH release which was time dependent but chemical concentration independent. A 1% oxygen environment also induced cell injury over time but only if glucose was absent from the culture media. Antimycin A was most effective at inducing oxidative stress causing a mean LDH release of 61% at 48 hr compared to 19% and 50% LDH release induced by 2‐Deoxy‐D‐Glucose and by exposure to 1% oxygen respectively at the same 48 hour time point.The cell culture method described provides several advantages including the use of serum free media and the ability to grow primary cells without matrix support. The LDH assay for injury assessment is reproducible, cost effective, objective and minimizes background cell death. A simple method for the culture and injury of primary mouse renal tubular epithelial cells has thereby been established and provides a useful tool for future investigations of ischemic kidney injury.