bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN BISNIS WATER PARK DALAM MENGURANGI RESIKO KERUGIAN USAHA (Studi Pada PT Semagi Water Park Prakasa Muara Bungo)
Authors: Antoni Feri , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Nasir Muhammad
Published: October 2022

Keterbatasan kelayakan sarana dan prasarana harus sudah disediakan oleh pihak pengelola bisnis taman Semagi Water Park ini dapat dilihat dari sarana trasportasi.. Disamping itu, pengelolaan dan manajemen pelayanan dirasakan juga masih kurang oleh sebagian pengunjung, termasuk kualitas air yang relatif kurang bersih dan jernih. Hal ini merupakan permasalahan yang selalu dihadapi hampir oleh semua bisnis yang baru berdiri. Untuk itu diperlukan analisis kelayakan bisnis dalam upaya untuk mengurangi kerugian maupun kegagalan usaha oleh manajemen Semagi Water Park Muara Bungo.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif ?kualitatif. Peneliti menggunakan analisis data dengan cara wawancara. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pimpinan dan seluruh karyawan Taman Semagi Water Park Prakasa Muara Bungo,. Sedangkan sampel adalah adalah sebagian dari populasi yang akan kita selidiki. Dalam penelitian ini, sampel yang diambil dan ditetapkan berjumlah 8 orang.Hasil penelitian diantaranya: PT. Semagi Water Park Prakasa Muara Bungo memiliki peluang yang potensial untuk mengembangkan usaha ditengah beratnya persaingan dalam bisnis sejenis. Untuk melihat kelemahan dan kelebihan pengelolaan usaha dari perusahaan, dapat dilihat dari berbagai aspek, yaitu: aspek pasar dan pemasaran, aspek lingkungan bisnis,? aspek teknis dan teknologis,? aspek manajemen dan sumber daya manusia, aspek yuridis, aspek financial, dan aspek lingkungan hidup.. Hambatannya oleh PT. Semagi Water Park Prakasa Muara Bungo dalam analisis kelayakan usaha, diantaranya adalah: keterbatasan pendidikan, pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang dimiliki oleh tenaga pengelola, dan keterbatasan dana investasi untuk melakukan pengembangan usaha. Upaya yang dilakukan oleh PT. Semagi Water Park Prakasa Muara Bungo dalam mengatasi hambatan tersebut, meliputi: melakukan pembinaan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia pengelola, dan mencari alternatif pendanaan investasi.
STIMULASI UNTUK TERLAMBAT BICARA
Authors: Afriany Fina , Sofa Ade
Published: October 2022

Kemampuan bicara dan berbahasa pada anak berbeda beda, perkembangan kemampuan memerlukan stimulasi yang tepat sehingga tahapan tumbuh kembangnya sesuai dengan usianya. Akan tetapi ketika kemampuan bicara anak tidak sesuai dengan usianya, maka anak mengalami terlambat bicara (Speech delay), yang dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai macam faktor seperti, lingkungan, gangguan psikiatri, neurologi serta gangguan perilaku anak, dan dapat pula karena sesalahan pola asuh orang tua sehingga anak tidak terstimulasi dengan baik. Dari fenomena yang ada, banyak orang tua yang datang untuk memeriksakan anaknya adalah masalah gangguan berbicara atau keterlambatan bicara (Speech delay). Pada umumnya para orang tua menyadari ketika kemampuan bicara anak mereka tidak sesuai jika dibandingkan teman sebaya. Oleh sebab itu anak perlu diberikan stimulasi yang tepat untuk mengembangkan kemampuan bicaranya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 3 (tiga) orang anak yang mengalami terlambat bicara. Teknik penelitian yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan audiovisual atau dokumentasi. Waktu pemberian stimulasi untuk pelaksanaan penelitian ini adalah selama 60 menit sebanyak 8 kali pertemuan dalam satu bulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan stimulasi dapat diberikan dengan, merangsang minat berbicara, mengucapkan suku kata, pengucapan (lafal) dan pengenalan kalimat sederhana. Masing masing anak menunjukkan perkembangan kemampuan bicaranya dalam proses stimulasi yang diberikan. Ketiga anak masih belum optimal dalam proses pengenalan kalimat sederhana sehingga masih perlu distimulasi dan masih membutuhkan waktu yang lebih utuk terus mengembangkan kemampuannya.
PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DI PERGURUAN TINGGI ISLAM BERBASIS BOARDING SCHOOL INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM TAZKIA
Authors: Dananier Nabella
Published: October 2022

Abctract: The diverse culture of IAI   Tazkia students is a separate demand for the campus in implementing a borading school-based education program. The low sense of social sensitivity as a result of the use of gadgets in generation Z (currently at the age of high school and college) makes intolerance more visible among students. This will be a difficult thing for students studying at the IAI  Tazkia boarding school. So the campus needs to provide program content or activities that contain the values ​​of multiculturalism. The method in this study uses a qualitative description method with data collection through interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this study indicate that IAI Tazkia, especially in the Tadris Podi that the researchers studied, there are 7 programs that contain multicultural education which includes: courses on multicultural education and community development, SDS or student dynamic sessions, hidden curriculum, the academic community and the campus environment that supports education. multicultural activities in the campus area, student organizations, student appreciation programs, competitions in matriculation programs.
Keywords: Multicultural Education, Boarding School, IAI  Tazkia
SENTRIPETAL AGAMA : SINERGI KEPOLISIAN DAN KEMENTERIAN AGAMA DALAM PENCEGAHAN TERORISME DI WONOGIRI
Authors: Wahyuni Ruslina Dwi
Published: October 2022

Abstract: this research was conducted to see the influence of the role of the Police and the Ministry of Religion on the efforts to prevent terrorism through religious centripetals. The method used is descriptive quantitative with data collection techniques through questionnaires and technical data analysis with path analysis (Path Analysis). The findings in this study are that the role of the police and the ministry of religion does not directly affect terrorism prevention, but indirectly has a significant effect on terrorism prevention through religious centripetals. So religion as a centripetal needs to be treated properly in order to maintain unity so that efforts to prevent terrorism can continue to be carried out.
 Keywords : terrorism, religious centripetal, police, ministry of religion
PERBEDAAN KADAR TRIGLISERIDA PADA DARAH HEMOLISIS DAN NON HEMOLISIS
Authors: Layalial Mukharomah  , Apriani Apriani
Published: October 2022

Triglycerides are the main fats in food that play a role in the transport and storage of fat in the body. Increased levels of triglycerides within the normal threshold are called hypertriglycerides and also hyperlipidemia. Examination of triglycerides with hemolysis blood can cause high triglyceride levels rather than non hemolis. This study aims to find out there are significant differences in the results of Triglyceride examination using blood hemolysis and non hemolysis. This study was carried out by the ENZIMATIC COLORIMETRY (GDO-PAP) method which was immediately examined using hemolysis and non hemolysis blood. This study was conducted at the Grogol Petamburan District Health Center Laboratory in September to November 2018. The results of the examination of triglyceride levels with non-hemolytic blood in this study showed a mean value of triglyceride levels with hemolis 187 mg / dl and with hemolytic blood average values ​​- the average is 261 mg / dl. and the results of the Wilcoxon Test show the results of P value = 0.00 (P value <0.05). The data conclude that there are significant differences between triglyceride levels and non hemolysis and hemolysis.
SURVEI LARVA NYAMUK Aedes spp. SEBAGAI VEKTOR PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE
Authors: Zahara Fadilla  , Rustiana Tasya Arining Praja  , Febrial Hikmah  , NS Widada
Published: October 2022

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the Dengue virus (DENV). Viruses belonging to the Arbovirus group are mostly transmitted in urban areas by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, Ae. aegypti has a breeding place in water reservoirs, especially clean, not flowing water and not exposed to direct sunlight. This study aims to identify species of mosquito larvae found in water reservoirs in Pamijahan Village, Bogor Regency. The type of research used in this research is descriptive by using a cross sectional design which aims to make observations made for a moment (observed once) with a random sampling system technique. Sampling was carried out in 100 houses located in RT 1, 2, 3, , 5 and 6. The results showed that of the 100 houses examined, 8 of them were positive for mosquito larvae. Mosquito larvae found in water reservoirs are Ae. aegypti and Culex spp. Larvae were found in water storage containers in the form of tubs (62.68%) and jars (22.54%)
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN MELALUI WHATSAPP TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN TENTANG DIET SEHAT PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS
Authors: Saharudin Nisi  , Kamini  , Widya Nugraha
Published: October 2022

This research was carried out in the area of ​​Rawa Buaya Village which is a partner of STIK Kesosi. The population in this study were all diabetics. This study aims to determine the effect of health education through WhatsApp on knowledge about the dietary patterns of people with diabetes mellitus. This study uses an experiment with a quasi-experimental approach with a non-equivalent control group design. The population in this study were all diabetics with a sample of 38 respondents in each group using a simple random sampling technique. The results in this study indicate that between the treatment and control groups the P value of Knowledge Value is 0.002. P Value of Attitude is 0.003. P Value of Diet is 0.001 . Thus, it can be concluded that there is an effect of health education through WhatsApp on the knowledge of the diet of people with diabetes mellitus. Patients' knowledge of DM is a tool that helps patients carry out diabetes management throughout their lives. Thus, the more and better the sufferer understands about his disease, the more he understands how to change his behavior and why it is necessary. So it is recommended that related parties pay more attention to people with diabetes, in providing understanding to sufferers to increase understanding and apply appropriate eating patterns.
GAMBARAN SANITASI LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN TB PARU DI KELURAHAN PISANGAN TIMUR
Authors: Darmawan
Published: October 2022

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which usually lives in humid places. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of environmental sanitation on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Pisangan Timur Village. This research is an analytical observational study using a case control study design, namely to determine the relationship between the physical environment of the house and the incidence of pulmonary TB. From the results of research on 55 respondents in the area of RW 015, Pisangan Timur Village, it shows that the results of statistical tests obtained a P value of 0.3 meaning P value > 0.5. So it can be concluded that there is no relationship between environmental sanitation and the incidence of TB in RW 015, Pisangan Timur Village.
HUBUNGAN KECEMASAN DENGAN HASIL KADAR GULA DARAH SEWAKTU PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 DI POSBINDU SEHATI CENGKARENG JAKARTA BARAT
Authors: Nur Afni Wulandari Arifin
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Diabetes Mellitus (DM ) saat ini menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian yang utama di dunia.Penderita DM yang memiliki gangguan psikologis terutama kecemasan dan depresi meningkatkan kurangnya manajemen dan hasil terapi Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan antara tingkat kecemasan  hasil kadar gula darah sewaktu pada penderita DM di Posbindu Sehati.Penelitian ini menggunakan  rancangan deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional sampel diambil secara purposive sampling berjumlah 40 pasien.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama tiga bulan  pengambilan data primer dengan kuesioner dan lembar observasi hasil kadar gula darah sewaktu,Uji Statistik yang digunakan dalam penelitian uji Chi-Square,  hasil penelitian didapatkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kecemasan dengan hasil kadar gula darah sewaktu dengan p = 0,005.

Kata kunci : kecemasan, kadar gula darah sewaktu, Diabetes Mellitus.

 

ABSTRACK

Diabetes mellitus is currently one of the main causes of death in the world. sufferers diabetus mellitus psychological disorder that has especially anxiety and depression increase the lack of management and the results of the therapy.This research aims to find a relationship between anxiety level with blood sugar levels in people with diabetus mellitus who treated  at the Posbindu Sehati.The research uses  descriptive analytic design with croos sectional approach.Samples taken in purposive sampling of 40 patients. observation sheet the results of blood sugar levels while  test statistics used in the study Chi-Square test , the result showed a significant relationship between the level of anxiety with sugar blood with p = 0.005 .

Keywords : anxiety , blood sugar levels when , Diabetes Mellitus
Letters in Verse from the Great War
Authors:   NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE ROMANIAN PEASANT, ROMANIA, FLORIAN MIRELA
Published: October 2022

This article sets out to study the records and testimonies created during the First World War in order to understand this important historical moment in the existence of Romanian rural communities. Many of the testimonies of Romanian soldiers capture the shift from oral culture and oral language to writing and written culture. Writing, which the soldiers had yet to fully internalize, was one of the few possibilities available to them on the war front to maintain alive the connection with their families and to leave a trace about the exceptional times they were living. These written accounts, which do not always observe the rules of correct writing, make apparent and available to us today a deep layer of oral culture that had until then been orally transmitted from generation to generation. Romanian soldiers from Transylvania were best known for writing home messages in verse, which they composed on the spot, using memorized set structures and phrases from the shared folklore repertoire circulating at the time in the village world. Privates coming from the Kingdom of Romania also made verses in their letters or journal entries, but it was less common. They would sometimes insert in their notes orally transmitted moral stories or parables, as well as other forms and pieces of the peasant oral culture to which they belonged. Some of these testimonies can present real challenges in terms of understanding the writing but also the semantics of some of the words. While familiarized with letters, writing, and reading, their authors had only a rudimentary knowledge of spelling and punctuation rules. To be able to discern the meanings of these writings today, one needs to first understand the complex circumstances that produced them.
When People Write as They Speak: An Analysis of Letters Left on the Miraculous Graves of Bellu Catholic Cemetery
Authors:   “Constantin Brăiloiu” Institute of Ethnography and Folklore, Romania, POPESCU-SIMION FLORENȚA
Published: October 2022

Starting with the second half of the twentieth century, a number of graves from Bellu Catholic Cemetery in Bucharest became the stage of a ritual. The allegedly miraculous graves achieved fame due to different and, in some cases, random characteristics. Many people (most of them Greek-Orthodox, not Catholics) come to perform this ritual to have their wishes fulfilled. As an important part of the ritual built around these graves, its performers are leaving written notes on them, containing their wishes. The notes are often handwritten on different pieces of paper (notebook pages or even receipts), although they may also be typed on a computer and printed. In rare cases, the performers leave notes written on the back of printed photos. My research consisted in observing the ritual, talking with a small number of people who performed it, and, most importantly, analyzing the notes left by the graves. All the performers I interviewed were women, and most of them (with one exception) strongly disapproved of the practice of leaving notes. Nevertheless, judging by the great number of pieces of paper I found by the “miraculous” graves every time I went to Bellu Catholic Cemetery, this practice seems to be general and deemed to be effective.
“I Like It!” Experiencing Mediascapes in the Artisanship of Prahova County
Authors:   Francisc Rainer Institute of Anthropology (Romanian Academy), CONSTANTIN MARIN ,   Department of Ethnology, Faculty of Letters (University of Bucharest), Romania.
Published: October 2022

My text is an attempt at developing the heuristic potentialities in the escapology of video recording of anthropological fieldwork and, based on this, in the museum practice of posting videos via social media platforms. Ethnographic information is provided for various crafts from Prahova County (wind-instrument making, weaving, and painting) to illustrate both the artisans’ views of their own craftwork and artefacts and the online responses elicited by such arguments, evidence, ideas, etc. Distinctive and interrelated cultural scenes and dramatis personae are identified and discussed in regards with: (1) doing ethnography and artisan profiles; (2) the museum policy of posting video fieldwork records and interviews; and (3) feedback in the form of predefined emotions and comments from friends, followers, or simply visitors of video posts. The article will provide a theoretical approach to the interpretive continuum and interactive reflexivity between artisans (as bearers of folk culture), museum specialists (as promoters of curatorial and research projects), and the online audience of folk art traditions and museum programs.
Lost in Translation
Authors: Faulhaber Lilian
Published: October 2022

Since 2010, international tax policymakers have proposed a variety of minimum taxes on excess returns, but every proposal has defined excess returns differently. This Article asks what excess returns are supposed to represent—and concludes that the answer is very different from what policymakers have suggested.

The trend of targeting so-called excess returns started in 2010 with a one-page idea in the Obama Treasury’s proposed budget. Overthe next decade, this idea became the basis for one of the major international tax reform provisions in the 2017 U.S. tax reform and is now being considered as part of Pillar Two of the OECD’s current digital tax project. The idea in question is a minimum tax on foreign excess returns. Yet even though the general idea of a minimum tax on foreign excess returns has stayed the same across administrations and jurisdictions, the specifics of this idea have changed with every iteration, and the proponents of this idea have justified each version differently and defined its various elements differently.

This Article tells the story of the many recent proposals for minimum taxes on foreign excess returns, starting with the Obama Treasury’s brief proposal and ending with the OECD’s two-pillar solution to the challenges of the digital economy. This Article highlights the common threads that link all of these rules, and it also shows how differently the drafters of each rule have understood the purpose and design of a minimum tax on foreign excess returns. This Article argues that, despite claims by the policymakers advocating for these minimum taxes, none of these taxes on excess returns is supported by the economic theory of excess returns. Instead, policymakers are using the term “excess returns” to mean different things in the context of different proposals, and they are masking the policy choices they are making by using a term that appears to have support in the economic literature.
A Systematic Mapping on Player’s Profiles: Motivations, Behavior, and Personality Characteristics
Authors: Carneiro Nayana , Miranda David , Pereira Geórgia , Mendonça Glaudiney , Darin Ticianne
Published: October 2022

Digital games have become part of the daily life of a large part of the world population, reaching audiences of different ages, genders, and cultures. Games are also becoming an increasingly explored research topic in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), and several studies have sought to deepen the knowledge about players, identifying individual differences. Although the literature is rich in works that typify and classify players, the lack of objective comparisons can make it difficult to adopt such types to support game design or future research. Thus, this research investigates players' taxonomies and typologies regarding their motivations, behavior, and personality characteristics, analyzing how they explore these traits. We conducted a systematic mapping of the literature and analyzed 19 studies that propose or update players' types, observing how they explore the above mentioned traits. The main contribution of this paper is to offer an overview of the identified taxonomies and typologies, comparing them and mapping their attributes and applications. Such knowledge is a tool for designing games and gamified systems and can support game designers to promote engagement and motivation in complementary ways in their games. It also allows researchers and practitioners to compose a multidimensional view of the different players' types.
Una aproximación de los aportes etnográficos a los estudios diplomáticos
Authors: Riquelme Gómez Diego , Ovando Santana Cristian
Published: October 2022

Objective/context: This research aims to bring closer contributions of the ethnographic approach to diplomatic works, both at a specific and a general level, in the discipline of International Relations, establishing connections, homologous methods, critical points, and inflections. Methodology: The article uses a qualitative methodology with an ethnographic approach to stress some classical and ontological categories of the international discipline, allowing a discussion of the scope, contributions, and novelty of the ethnographic method specifically for diplomatic studies. It also presents a review of specialized literature by authors who have studied the cultural variable in diplomatic studies. This approach allows examining basic premises of the discipline of International Relations, such as national interest, the constitution of the state, and state exclusivity in the diplomatic field, among other classic categories, that do not fully account for the existence of processes and emerging actors invisible in the internationalist debate. Conclusions: The article argues that the discipline of International Relations challenges its most representative arguments and categories by adhering to anthropological reflections. The results suggest that ethnographic approaches stress certain classical terms and ontologies of the international discipline, which has been possible through discussing the scope, contributions, and novelty of the ethnographic method specifically for diplomatic studies. Originality: This unpublished research study reveals a counterpoint between two large, apparently dissimilar theoretical corpora: anthropology and international relations.
The Sustainable Development Paradigm
Authors: Ogryzek Marek
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the evolution of the concept of sustainable development and briefly discusses its definition. The study, based on Polish and foreign literature sources, uses the method of literature analysis with elements of inductive reasoning. This is a review article, whose aim is to present both positive and critical approaches to the idea of the sustainable development of space.
Bioacoustic differentiation of calls in the chiffchaff complex
Authors: Calviño-Cancela Maria , Piña Laura , Martín-Herrero Julio
Published: October 2022

The chiffchaff complex is a group of common forest bird species, notorious for the number of cryptic taxa recently discovered, being a great example of speciation in action. Vocalizations have been crucial to unveil its hidden diversity. In this study we quantitatively analyze the acoustic characteristics of their calls with permutational analysis of variance, canonical variate analysis and a self-organizing map, to determine their variability and differences. We related these differences with the geographical and genetic distances between taxonomic groups, by means of Pearson correlations. We used recordings from Xeno-canto, an open database of bird vocalizations. Inter-taxa distances based on call traits were broadly consistent with geographic distances but not correlated with genetic distances. The Iberian Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus ibericus), presumably the most ancient lineage, was the most central in the variation space, while the Siberian Chiffchaff (P. collybita tristis) was the most peripheric and also very uniform, in contrast with the Canarian Chiffchaff (P. canariensis) highly variable, as expected by the “character release hypothesis” on islands. Calls proved to be an excellent tool, especially amenable for non-biased mathematical analyses which, combined with the wide availability of records in Xeno-canto, greatly facilitates the widespread use of this methodology in a wide range of species and geographical areas.
Improvement of Thermal Conductivity of Paraffin Wax Using High Conductive Nano-Materials
Authors: Shalaby S. M. , Kabeel A. E. , Sayed A. R. El , Abosheiasha H. F.
Published: October 2022

Paraffin wax (PW) is commonly used as latent heat storage material in solar energy systems. The low thermal conductivity of the PW is considered the main drawback when it is used as thermal energy storage medium. In order to overcome this drawback, tens types of high conductive nano-materials are added to paraffin wax to improve its thermal conductivity. In this work, nanoparticles of CuO, and TiO2 were individually added to paraffin wax with concentrations 1, 2 and 3%. The thermal properties of pure paraffin wax, PW/CuO and PW/TiO2 nano-composites with different mentioned concentrations were measured at different temperature. The paraffin wax/TiO2 showed higher thermal conductivity compared to paraffin wax/CuO nano-composite and pure paraffin.
Marital Satisfaction Blues among Ghanaian Spouses: Can Premarital Counselling be a Panacea?
Authors: Bedu-Addo Paul Kobina Annan , Asare Michael
Published: October 2022

The study aimed at determining whether premarital counselling actually influenced marital satisfaction.  A self-developed structured questionnaire (α = 0.89) was utilized on a sample of 322 premarital counselled and non- premarital counselled spouses in Ghana.  Linear multiple regression, independent sample t-test and Pearson product moment correlation were used to analyze the data. The nature of premarital counselling significantly influenced spouses’ experience of marital satisfaction (β = .401, t = 5.241, p = .000), together with topics adequately discussed during premarital counselling (β = -.181, t= -2.370, p= .019).  Additionally, premarital counselled spouses were more likely to experience marital satisfaction than non- premarital counselled spouses (M =3.39, SD = .359, t (193) = 2.571, p = .011; M = 3.26, SD = .489). Premarital counselling moderately correlated with and marital satisfaction (r = -.153, n = 322, p < 0.01).
Biochemistry of Corona Virus: An Overveiw
Authors: Caleb Nwaogwugwu Joel , Nwankwo Victor Chukwubuike , Chimaobi Nweke Celestine , James Ugoaghalam Uche , Igwe Uchenna Samuel , Chinedu Aguwamba
Published: October 2022

Coronaviruses forma large family of respiratory viruses having positive (+ve)-stranded RNA (C0V).  Their names are derived from the crown-like shape that is present on their them (surface). The new viral strain SARS-CoV-2 was first discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Even though this virus can spread via airborne, direct, and indirect contact, the most typical way of infection transmission is through droplets. Like the other coronaviruses in the same family, it can causeeverything from minor flu-like symptoms like; cold, sore throat, cough, and fever, to very seriousones like; pneumonia and breathing difficulties. It also has the potential to be fatal. The primary constituents make up the coronavirus. For instance, the positive-stranded RNA molecule that the host cell will translate is carried by the endoplasm, cell membrane, and outer globular protein. The transit of substances into and out of the cell is regulated by the cell membrane and membrane protein. One or more of them include the pointed glycoprotein, envelope small membrane protein, hemagglutinin esterase, nucleoprotein, and genomic RNA. The second coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome is the reason for the ongoing coronavirus disease epidemic known as covid-19 pandemic or coronavirus pandemic (SARS-COV-2). It was originally discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified the outbreak as a pandemic and a public health emergency of global concern in January 2020 and March 2020, respectively. As of March 7th, 2021, COVID-19, one of the deadliest pandemics in recorded history, had been linked to over 2.59 million fatalities and over 11.7 million confirmed cases. Being vaccination is one of the steps you may take to protect yourself and others from getting infected with COVID-19. Protection from COVID-19 is essential since it can cause severe illness or death in some persons. It takes all the tools at our disposal to stop a pandemic. You can reduce your risk of getting sick or spreading the disease to others by taking additional precautions like wearing masks and avoiding social situations. Combining the COVID-19 vaccine with following the CDC’s recommendations for safeguarding both you and others will provide the best defense against the virus.
Environmental Expenditure Disclosure, Corporate Social Responsibility and Accounting Information Quality
Authors: Mardiati Endang , Putri Devitha Widanti , Saraswati Erwin
Published: October 2022

This research examines the impact of environmental expenditure, environmental disclosure, and corporate social responsibility disclosure on the quality of accounting information. The quality of accounting information provided by companies has been highly doubtful in recent years, hence this research aims to connect it to non-financial information comprising of, environmental cost and corporate social responsibility disclosures. The population of this research consists of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020. This research uses purposive sampling to obtain 105 samples. The double regression analysis method was used. The result shows that both environmental and corporate social responsibility disclosures increase the quality of accounting information, while environmental expenditure disclosures do not affect the quality of the accounting information. An environmental expenditure disclosure is one of the voluntary disclosures which are part of management accounting, so the stakeholders, including the investors, tend not to consider that information in their investment decision-making, since management accounting is used mostly by the internal management.
The Influence of Level of Funding on Implementation of Physical Infrastructure Projects in Public Secondary Schools
Authors: Samuel Tiluk , Mokaya Oigo Nathan
Published: October 2022

The free primary education and subsidized secondary levels resulted to high enrolment in secondary schools in Kenya. This led to congestion on the existing facilities, especially in government aided secondary schools hence creating the need to construct more relevant physical facilities. However, in many government aided secondary schools, there are examples of faulty project implementation in terms of; incomplete buildings, inadequate instructional materials in some schools, poorly developed play grounds, laboratories with inadequate equipment, congested class rooms and lack of departmental offices. This study therefore aimed at establishing the influence of level of funding on physical infrastructure implementation: a case of Trans-Nzoia and West Pokot Counties, Kenya. The study adopted the Critical Chain Project Management theory while the descriptive survey design was employed. The target population comprised of the principals, the Board of Management (BOM) members, Sub County and County Directors of Education. Questionnaires and interview guides were used in data collection. The validity and reliability of the tools was done by use of the expert’s opinions and a test re-tests technique respectively. The quantitative data was analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and presented by using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data was organized thematically and analyzed alongside the corresponding quantitative data. The findings revealed that; West Pokot County government allocated more funds towards infrastructure compared to Trans Nzoia. There was more donor support in West Pokot County than Trans Nzoia. Allocation and disbursement of funds from the ministry of Education and Constituency Development Funds delayed. As a result, schools in Trans Nzoia charged parents fees for infrastructure development. Allocation and disbursement of Funds from the ministry of education and the Constituency Development Funds delayed. The study recommended that there is need for more capacity building on outsourcing of resources to help implement projects in secondary schools in the two Counties. The findings from the study would be helpful to policy makers in developing informed policy in financing and implementation in education sector.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Review of Its Management
Authors: Salama Rami M. , Almetaher Hisham A. , Elattar Ashraf A. , Fayad Hisham F. , Shehata Sherif M.
Published: October 2022

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) is considered a defect in diaphragm development which occurs congenitally, its incidence is about 1 in 2500 newborns. Major components of CDH are increased pul­monary pressure with fetal circulation persistence, with significant reduction in lung compliance and its tidal volume. Preoperative stabilization and optimization should preceed the surgical repair which is done usually via laparotomy which is considered to be the standard approach. Minimally invasive procedures for CDH repair provides the patient with the benefit of less pain and avoidance of the consequences of thoracotomy or laparotomy compared with the open repair strategy, inspite of prescence of disadvantages mainly from insufflation and CO2 absorption, but this can be controlled with lower CO2 pressure, better insufflation instruments and continuous monitoring of blood gases.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Elakhder Eman Awad Bedir , Teima Atef Hammad , Mohamed Ehab Shawky , Sawahel Heba Mohamed Atef
Published: October 2022

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is still a serious neurologic condition that causes significant facial pain that is unilateral and is distributed across the trigeminal nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent imaging technique for determining the aetiology of TN, despite the fact that there are no particular clinical tests for its diagnosis. 3D FIESTA MRI helps to improve diagnostic precision and identify neurovascular compression when used in conjunction with conventional MRI. MRI is used to rule out alternative causes of TN, such as cerebellopontine angle lesions, demyelinating diseases, and inflammatory conditions, in addition to neurovascular compression.

Aim of the Work: The objective of this study was to assess the utility of MRI in the diagnosis of TN and its various causes.

Patients and Methods: In this prospective study, 30 patients (14 men and 16 women), with an average age of 49.6 years, were referred to Tanta University Hospital's Radiodiagnosis and Medical Imaging Department from outpatient neurosurgery and/or dental clinics.

Results: The commonest affected side was the left side (46.7%) followed by the right one (40%), while bilateral affection was seen in (13.3%) of cases. According to aetiological factor, TN was secondary to underlying pathology in 24 cases (80%), while idiopathic TN with no underlying pathology was found in 6 cases (20%). Neurovascular compression and neoplastic lesions had the higher incidence. The most affected segment of the trigeminal nerve was the cisternal segment that was involved in 15 cases out of 24 cases with abnormal MRI findings.

Conclusion: Many CPA lesions may cause TN such as schwannomas and meningiomas. Demyelinating disease as multiple sclerosis were reported in our study to cause also TN. MRI showed that it has significant diagnostic role denoting brain lesions in patients with TN as it has a diagnostic accuracy 62.5%, sensitivity 60% and specificity 100% (P < 0.001).
Challenged Atrioventricular Node Ablation in a Patient With Atrial Fibrillation With Rapid Ventricular Rate and Wide QRS Complex
Authors: Pu Xiaobo , Yang Bosen , Fu Hua
Published: October 2022

This case report describes a patient in their 60s with a history of palpitations for more than 10 years and dyspnea for 3 years who had undergone a single-chamber pacemaker implant 10 years prior for sick sinus syndrome with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
Association Between US Drug Price and Measures of Efficacy for Oncology Drugs Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration From 2015 to 2020
Authors: Miljković Miloš D. , Tuia Jordan E. , Olivier Timothée , Haslam Alyson , Prasad Vinay
Published: October 2022

This cross-sectional study estimates all US Food and Drug Administration anticancer approvals in recent years and evaluates if an association exists between their cost and efficacy.
Characteristics of Medicaid Policies for Children With Medical Complexity by State
Authors: Kusma Jennifer D. , Davis Matthew M. , Foster Carolyn
Published: October 2022

Importance

Families of children with medical complexity (CMC) report barriers to accessing affordable coverage for the full range of services their children may need to optimize their health outcomes. Medicaid enrollment through medical need–based eligibility mechanisms can help cover these service gaps. Understanding state-by-state variation in how CMC access Medicaid may allow policy makers and pediatricians to help families navigate needed services for CMC.

Objective

To clarify how eligibility and coverage for CMC differ for Medicaid beneficiaries across states with different policies and managed care penetration.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This qualitative study used semistructured interviews with state Medicaid representatives from 23 states and Washington, DC, from February 1, 2020, to March 1, 2021. Enrollment pathways and coverage processes were discussed. Interviews were transcribed and content analysis was performed. Participants included Medicaid directors, a designee, or a state-identified policy leader with expertise in and/or responsibility for child-focused programs.

Exposures

State variation in Medicaid eligibility and delivery policies.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Eligibility pathways and coverage mechanisms for CMC in each state.

Results

A total of 43 informants from 23 states and Washington, DC, participated, which permitted data collection regarding almost half of the US. Four distinct eligibility pathways were characterized, with 3 specific to CMC, and the pathways that include the presence of waiting lists were distinguished. In addition, 3 coverage types at the state level were identified, consisting of fee-for-service, Medicaid managed care, or both. Two main connections between pathways and coverage mechanisms for CMC were described.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this qualitative study suggest that state patterns in Medicaid eligibility and coverage for CMC have implications for access, including some states with substantial waiting periods for these families. Future work is needed to understand the implications of these differential Medicaid medical need–based eligibility pathways and subsequent coverage mechanisms on use of health care resources and expenditures, as well as considerations regarding challenges families of CMC face due to state-by-state variation.
Perceptions of Firearm Accessibility and Suicide Among US Adults Living in Households With Firearms
Authors: Conner Andrew , Azrael Deborah , Miller Matthew
Published: October 2022

This survey study of US adults living in households with firearms uses a counterfactual question to assess whether respondents believed restricting access to firearms might prevent death by suicide.
Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Reed Jennifer L. , Terada Tasuku , Vidal-Almela Sol , Tulloch Heather E. , Mistura Matheus , Birnie David H. , Wells George A. , Nair Girish M. , Hans Harleen , Way Kimberley L. , Chirico Daniele , O’Neill Carley D. , Pipe Andrew L.
Published: October 2022

Importance

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) experience poor functional capacity and quality of life (QOL). High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to elicit greater improvements in functional capacity and QOL compared with moderate to vigorous intensity continuous training (MICT) in other cardiovascular populations, yet HIIT remains understudied in AF.

Objective

To compare the effects of 12 weeks of HIIT and MICT-based cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) on functional capacity and general QOL in patients with persistent and permanent AF. Disease-specific QOL, resting heart rate (HR), time in AF, and physical activity (PA) levels were also assessed.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized clinical trial, conducted between November 17, 2015, and February 4, 2020, at a tertiary-care cardiovascular health center in Ottawa, Canada, recruited 94 patients with persistent and permanent AF.

Interventions

High-intensity interval training (23 minutes: two 8-minute interval training blocks of 30-second work periods at 80%-100% of peak power output interspersed with 30-second recovery) or CR (60 minutes: continuous aerobic conditioning within 67%-95% of peak HR and 12-16 of 20 ratings of perceived exertion) twice weekly for 12 weeks.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were changes in functional capacity (6-minute walk test [6MWT] distance) and general QOL (Short Form 36) from baseline to 12 weeks’ follow-up. Secondary outcomes included changes in disease-specific QOL (Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale), resting HR, time in AF, and PA levels. An intention-to-treat analysis was used to compare changes between groups.

Results

Of the 94 patients who consented, 86 participated (mean [SD] age, 69 [7] years; 57 [66.3%] men). No significant differences in improvements in 6MWT distance (mean [SD], 21.3 [34.1] vs 13.2 [55.2] m; P = .42) and general QOL (Physical Component Summary, 0.5 [6.1] vs 1.1 [4.9] points; P = .87) between HIIT and CR were observed. No significant differences in improvements in disease-specific QOL (AF symptoms: −1.7 [4.3] vs −1.5 [4] points, P = .59), resting HR (−3.6 [10.6] vs −2.9 [12.4] beats per minute, P = .63), and moderate to vigorous PA levels (37.3 [93.4] vs 14.4 [125.7] min/wk; P = .35) between HIIT and CR were detected. Participants attended a mean (SD) of 18.3 (6.1) (75.1%) HIIT sessions and 20.0 (4.5) (83.4%) CR sessions (P = .36).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial, twice-weekly 23-minute HIIT was as efficacious as twice-weekly 60-minute CR in improving functional capacity, general and disease-specific QOL, resting HR, and PA levels in patients with persistent and permanent AF.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02602457
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Rates and Age of Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Pham Hoangmai H. , Sandberg Neil , Trinkl Jeff , Thayer Johnston
Published: October 2022

This cohort study uses electronic health record data to assess racial and ethnic disparities in prevalence or median age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in children.
Association of Survival at 22 Weeks’ Gestation With Use of Antenatal Corticosteroids and Mode of Delivery in the United States
Authors: Vidavalur Ramesh , Hussain Zeenat , Hussain Naveed
Published: October 2022

This cross-sectional study reports recent trends in US national live births at 22 completed weeks’ gestational age and analyzes the association of antenatal corticosteroid use and cesarean delivery with birth-linked survival at birth certificate reporting time, 27 days of life, and 364 days of life.
What Parents Should Know About Safe Sleep for Infants
Authors: Matthia Chelsea M. , Thompson Lindsay A.
Published: October 2022

This Patient Page describes the safest sleeping positions and environment for infants.
Does long‐term phenytoin have a place in Dravet syndrome?
Authors: Zographos George A. , Russ‐Hall Sophie J. , Scheffer Ingrid E.
Published: October 2022

Anti‐seizure medications that block sodium channels are generally considered contraindicated in Dravet syndrome. There is, however, considerable debate about the sodium‐channel blocker phenytoin, which is often used for status epilepticus, a frequent feature of Dravet syndrome. We describe four patients with Dravet syndrome in whom long‐term phenytoin therapy reduced seizure frequency and duration. In two patients, phenytoin produced prolonged periods without status epilepticus for the first time. Attempting to wean phenytoin in all patients after 1 to 20 years of use resulted in seizure exacerbation. Reintroducing phenytoin improved seizure control, suggesting phenytoin is beneficial in some patients with Dravet syndrome.
Thermodynamic Equilibrium‐Nonequilibrium Competition in Nanofilaments for Achieving Complementary Electronic Synapses
Authors: Guo Jiawei , Li Wenhao , Liao Yitao , Shen Yiwei , Wang Kun , Suk Chan Hee , Zhou Xiongtu , Zhang Yongai , Wu Chaoxing , Guo Tailiang , Kim Tae Whan
Published: October 2022

In the human brain, the natural complementary behaviors of synapse connections, which are enhanced and weakened through the participation of astrocytes and microglias, play an important role in the process of training and memory. Even though memristors based on the electrochemical metallization mechanism (ECM) have great potential in realizing electronic synapses (e‐synapses), the lack of complementary ECM e‐synapses has, to a certain extent, hindered the construction of artificial neural networks. In this study, the thermodynamic equilibrium‐nonequilibrium competition (TC) in nanofilaments is meticulously designed by modifying the metal‐ion nanochannels to achieve complementary ECM e‐synapses. The evolution in the morphology of a TC‐induced nanofilament includes a thinning behavior of the nanofilaments caused by electrical stimulation and a coarsening behavior caused by metal‐ion chelation. The TC effect leads to a decrease in the conductance under positive pulse stimulation and to an increase in the conductance while resting, these behaviors being exactly complementary to those of a conventional ECM e‐synapse. Finally, the feasibility of fabricating logic gate circuits with learning capability based on complementary ECM e‐synapses is verified using behavioral‐level modeling. These ECM e‐synapses with complementary functions are expected to be significant to researchers in the field of large neural network systems.