bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Spatial Shift‐Share Decomposition: An Application to Tourism Competitiveness in Italian Regions
Authors: Costantino Salvatore , Cracolici Maria Francesca , Piacentino Davide
Published: November 2020

The paper proposes a new version of spatial shift‐share decomposition to improve on the various approaches to conventional shift‐share analysis found in the literature. The novelty of our proposal is that it enables researchers to assess spatial competitiveness effects controlling for the influence of industrial specialization at both regional and neighborhood level. This new version is applied to inbound tourism in Italian regions and enables us to identify the best and worst performers. Our empirical results identify favorable scenarios in some areas of the country, such as Sardinia as well as regional advantage in a sizeable number of well‐known destinations.
Contact force ablation of accessory pathways in pediatric patients
Authors: Pook Caitlin , Kuhn Evelyn , Singh Anoop , Kovach Joshua
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Contact force (CF) catheters provide feedback confirming adequate tissue contact for optimal lesion size and minimal complications. CF ablation catheters have resulted in decreased procedure times and improved outcomes for ablation of atrial fibrillation in adults. There is limited data evaluating CF use for accessory pathway (AP) ablation or in pediatric patients. The aim of our study was to compare a cohort who underwent AP ablation with a CF catheter to historical controls, evaluating for differences in procedure times, number of lesions, and outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of CF ablation cases at Children's Wisconsin performed between June 2015 to April 2018 was compared to a historical control cohort of traditional radiofrequency (RF) ablations between June 2012 and June 2015. 43 patients with APs underwent 49 CF ablation procedures (18 males, 13.6 ± 3 years old) and a control cohort consisted of 77 procedures in 69 patients (38 males, 12.4 ± 4 years).

Results

The groups did not differ significantly on procedure time (CF 2.01 ± 0.48 h, control 1.53 ± 0.48 h, p = .37), or total lesions administered (CF and control 7 ± 6 lesions, p = .89). CF cases showed a trend toward improvement in acute success (98% CF, 90% controls, p = .15) though with increased recurrence compared to controls (13% CF, 4.3% controls, p = .16), neither being statistically significant.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that ablation outcomes using CF are comparable to traditional RF ablation in pediatric patients with APs.
Pause‐dependent mitral isthmus conduction block during ablation of the mitral isthmus: What is the mechanism?
Authors: Kamakura Tsukasa , Chauvel Remi , Duchateau Josselin , Derval Nicolas , Pambrun Thomas
Published: November 2020

Mitral isthmus (MI) ablation is commonly performed as an adjunct therapy to pulmonary isolation during the treatment for persistent atrial fibrillation. Confirmation of complete MI block is essential because an incomplete MI block may result in iatrogenic atrial tachycardia. However, there are several pitfalls in the diagnosis of an MI line block. We herein report a case of transient pause‐dependent MI block during MI ablation.
Extinction and the temporal distribution of macroevolutionary bursts
Authors: De Lisle Stephen P. , Punzalan David , Rollinson Njal , Rowe Locke
Published: November 2020

Phenotypic evolution through deep time is slower than expected from microevolutionary rates. This is the paradox of stasis. Previous models suggest stasis occurs because populations track adaptive peaks that remain relatively stable on million‐year intervals, raising the equally perplexing question of why these large changes are so rare. Here, we consider the possibility that peaks can move more rapidly than populations can adapt, resulting in extinction. We model peak movement with explicit population dynamics, parameterized with published microevolutionary estimates. Allowing extinction greatly increases the parameter space of peak movements that yield the appearance of stasis observed in real data through deep time. Extreme peak displacements, regardless of their frequency, will rarely result in an equivalent degree of trait evolution because of extinction. Thus, larger peak displacements will rarely be inferred using trait data from extant species or observed in fossil records. Our work highlights population ecology as an important contributor to macroevolutionary dynamics, presenting an alternative perspective on the paradox of stasis, where apparent constraint on phenotypic evolution in deep time reflects our restricted view of the subset of earth's lineages that were fortunate enough to reside on relatively stable peaks.
Reproductive traits of the dwarf gobiesPandaka trimaculataandPandaka lidwilliin the western Pacific Ocean: histological evidence from one of the smallest fishes in the world
Authors: Kunishima Taiga , Saimaru Hirotoshi , Tachihara Katsunori
Published: November 2020

Gobies are generally small fishes which play important roles in estuarine ecosystems, yet little attention has been paid to their life‐history traits in the western Pacific region. In the present study, the reproductive traits of the dwarf gobiesPandaka trimaculataandPandaka lidwilliwere explored by examining their populations in a subtropical estuary on Okinawa‐jima Island, Japan, over 15 months. The Okinawan populations of both species shared similar reproductive traits.Pandaka trimaculataandP. lidwilliexhibited early female maturation at minimum sizes of 8.8 and 9.4 mm standard length (SL), respectively, which indicate that populations of thePandakaspecies in the subtropical region represent some of the smallest fishes in the world. Nonetheless, they also had high relative body sizes at maturity relative to the attained asymptotic SLs, ranging from 75.8% to 80.4%, which suggests that their populations are vulnerable to negative impacts. Both the species also had prolonged spawning periods, extending from February to November (P. trimaculata) and from January to October (P. lidwilli), indicating that these local populations have a high potential for maintenance and resilience. Their spawning periods, sizes at maturity and fecundities varied among seasons and latitudes, possibly because of low water temperatures affecting the relative allocation of energy to growth and reproduction. Such plasticity of life‐history traits in these small fishes indicates that they would be suitable models for understanding the evolution of life‐history strategies and monitoring the responses of organisms to climate change.
Space Oddities: The Acquisition of Agreement Verbs by L2 Learners of Sign Language of the Netherlands
Authors: BOERS–VISKER EVELINE , PFAU ROLAND
Published: November 2020

This article reports the results of the first longitudinal study that systematically investigates the acquisition of verb agreement by hearing learners of a sign language. During a 2‐year period, 14 novel learners of Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT) with a spoken language background performed an elicitation task 15 times. Seven deaf native signers and NGT teachers performed the same task to serve as a benchmark group. The results obtained show that for some learners, the verb agreement system of NGT was difficult to master, despite numerous examples in the input. As compared to the benchmark group, learners tended to omit agreement markers on verbs that could be modified, did not always correctly use established locations associated with discourse referents, and made characteristic errors with respect to properties that are important in the expression of agreement (movement and orientation). The outcomes of the study are of value to practitioners in the field, as they are informative with regard to the nature of the learning process during the first stages of learning a sign language.
Progressive supranuclear palsy: Neuropathology of patients with a short disease duration due to unexpected death
Authors: Zhang Lu , Toyoshima Yasuko , Takeshima Akari , Shimizu Hiroshi , Tomita Itsuro , Onodera Osamu , Takahashi Hitoshi , Kakita Akiyoshi
Published: November 2020

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) presents with a wide variety of signs/symptoms, making early initial diagnosis difficult. We investigated the clinical and neuropathological features of five patients with autopsy‐proven PSP of short duration, ranging from 11 to 41 months (average, 26.2 months) due to unexpected death, focusing particularly on the distribution and severity of neuronal loss as well as neuronal and glial tau pathology in the affected brain. Clinical features were studied retrospectively through careful review of the medical records, and neuropathological examinations were carried out, along with tau immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody AT8. These patients were diagnosed as having probable PSP (n = 4) and suggestive PSP (n = 1), respectively. In all cases, neuronal loss was evident in the substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, and locus ceruleus. AT8‐identified tau lesions, that is, pretangles/neurofibrillary tangles (PTs/NFTs), tufted astrocytes (TAs), and coiled bodies/neuropil threads (CBs/NTs), were distributed widely in the brain regions, especially in patients with longer disease duration. All cases showed variation in the regional tau burden among PTs/NFTs, TAs, and CBs/NTs. There was also a tendency for tau deposition to be more predominant in neuronal cells in the brainstem and cerebellum and in glial cells in the cerebral cortex and subcortical gray matter. These findings suggest that in PSP, the initial signs/symptoms are associated with degeneration and subsequent death of neurons with pathological tau deposition, and that the tau deposition in neuronal cells is independent of that in glial cells.
Sex‐based differences in vigor and site preferences of Juniperus communis subsp. nana
Authors: Zeidler Miroslav , Fišerová Eva , Římalová Veronika , Bednář Marek , Banaš Marek
Published: November 2020

Dioecious alpine juniper has been influenced by human impacts, management and climate changes; hence, its present populations are remnant fragments of its former distribution in central Europe. Complex environmental shifts have had fatal consequences for growth, reproduction and health of juniper and hence for its population structure. We asked the questions: 1) what was the population size structure, the sex ratio and the health status of individuals? 2) How were the population parameters linked with the environmental conditions and surrounding vegetation? The study area was close and above the upper forest limit in central Europe, the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. The parameters of each juniper individual and its environmental conditions were obtained, Ellenberg's indicator values and habitat categories were also determined. Proportions of sex categories, shrub size and environmental conditions were investigated to assess relationships between the population categories and environmental factors. We revealed linkage among the shrub size, health vigor, vegetation cover, a habitat and environmental factors. While there was equal ratio of females and males (1:1), small individuals of undetermined sex predominated that reducing the effective population size. Juniper health vigor was associated with surrounding vegetation cover. Individuals of undetermined sex were smaller than those of remaining sex categories and prefer specific habitats at higher elevation, underlining the effect of abiotic conditions on sex performance and ratio. The observed pattern, which was attributed to shift in land‐use practices in the middle of 20th century and climate changes, could be improved by management. We recommended experimental local grazing and mowing accompanying by profound and continuing assessment of interaction among environmental factors and juniper performance.
Gender and parental involvement in parent‐child reminiscing in a Scandinavian sample
Authors: Svane Riikka P. , Olesen Marie Josefine R. , Kingo Osman S. , Krøjgaard Peter
Published: November 2020

Despite the extensive bulk of literature on maternal reminiscing style, only a handful of reminiscing studies have investigated gender differences in parental reminiscing style, with none of these studies having explored the possible relationship between parental involvement level and parental reminiscing style. The current study investigated gender differences in parental reminiscing style across positive and negative event types in an egalitarian Scandinavian context while exploring the potential relationship between parental reminiscing style and parental involvement level. Mothers and fathers fromN = 88 families reminisced about shared happy and sad events, respectively, with their 4‐year‐old children. Overall, parental involvement level was not related to parental reminiscing style. However, mothers’ elaborations and positive evaluations were associated with their level of involvement level in the sad event conversations. Although mothers and fathers did not differ in their reminiscing style overall, gender differences appeared in the consistency of parental reminiscing style across event types.
External Focus in Long Jump Performance: A Systematic Review
Authors: da Silva Geovani Messias , Bezerra Maria Eduarda Crescencio
Published: November 2020

External focus is a way to guide human movement based on outcome rather than execution, therefore all instructions are provided based on factors present in the environment. The aim of this review is to search information about the effects of external focus in the long jump task and to compare its outcomes with other learning methods. For the research, online database search engines such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Cinahl, and Scopus were used from January 2010 to June 2020. About 41 articles were identified by searching the online databases, 12 were discarded because they were duplicates, 11 were excluded due to the content of the abstract, and finally, 5 were excluded after evaluating the content of the full text, leaving 13 articles to be included in this review. This review sought to summarize the findings in the literature on the use of external focus in the practice of long jump. The authors concluded that the external focus is a relevant approach and can be used as a tool for the learning process.
Maternal Anti-
Toxoplasma
Treatment during Pregnancy Is Associated with Reduced Sensitivity of Diagnostic Tests for Congenital Infection in the Neonate
Authors: Guegan Hélène , Stajner Tijana , Bobic Branko , Press Cindy , Olariu Rares T. , Olson Kjerstie , Srbljanovic Jelena , Montoya Jose G. , Djurković-Djaković Olgica , Robert-Gangneux Florence
Published: November 2020

Neonatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis is based on a combination of serological and molecular tests. Maternal screening and treatment differ according to national policies and may impact the sensitivity of diagnostic methods in infants at birth.
Genomic Insights into the Fish-Pathogenic Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii Strain AR Recovered from Meagre (
Argyrosomus regius
)
Authors: Stathopoulou Panagiota , Asimakis Elias , Petropoulos Yiannis , Apostolopoulou Georgia , Tsiamis George
Published: November 2020

Mycobacteriosis can cause morbidity and mortality and is characterized as a disease with zoonotic potential that is found worldwide in both fresh and marine fish. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii
strain AR, an isolate recovered from infected meagre (
Argyrosomus regius
) raised on farms in Greece.
High-Quality Sequencing, Assembly, and Annotation of the Streptomyces griseofuscus DSM 40191 Genome
Authors: Gren Tetiana , Jørgensen Tue S. , Whitford Christopher M. , Weber Tilmann
Published: November 2020

Here, we report the sequencing, assembly, and annotation of the genome of
Streptomyces griseofuscus
DSM 40191. The genome of
S. griseofuscus
was sequenced using PacBio and Illumina technologies. It consists of a linear 8,721,740-bp chromosome and three plasmids, pSGRIFU1 (220 kb), pSGRIFU2 (88 kb), and pSGRIFU3 (86 kb).
Complete Genome Sequence of
Microbacterium
sp. Strain Nx66, Isolated from Waters Contaminated with Petrochemicals in El Saf-Saf Valley, Algeria
Authors: Chéraiti Nardjess , Plewniak Frédéric , Tighidet Salima , Sayeh Amalia , Gil Lisa , Malherbe Ludivine , Memmi Yosr , Zilliox Laurence , Vandecasteele Céline , Boyer Pierre , Lopez-Roques Céline , Jaulhac Benoît , Bensouilah Mourad , Bertin Philippe N.
Published: November 2020

Microbacterium
sp. strain Nx66 was isolated from waters contaminated by petrochemical effluents collected in Algeria. Its genome was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq (2 × 150-bp read pairs) and Oxford Nanopore (long reads) technologies and was assembled using Unicycler. It is composed of one chromosome of 3.42 Mb and one plasmid of 34.22 kb.
Draft Genome Sequences of 59 Endospore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacteria Associated with Crop Plants Grown in Vietnam
Authors: Tam Le Thi Thanh , Jähne Jennifer , Luong Pham Thi , Thao Le Thi Phuong , Chung Le Thi Kim , Schneider Andy , Blumenscheit Christian , Lasch Peter , Schweder Thomas , Borriss Rainer
Published: November 2020

We report the draft genome sequences of 59 Gram-positive bacterial strains that were isolated from Vietnamese crop plants. The strains were assigned to nine different
Bacillus
or
Brevibacillus
species. Ten strains classified as being
Bacillus
spp. (3 strains),
Brevibacillus
spp. (6 strains), or
Lysinibacillus
sp. (1 strain) could not be identified to the species level.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Halomonas
sp. Strain ML-15, a Haloalkaliphilic, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Wright Mitchell Henry , Bentley Steven Robert , Greene Anthony Carlson
Published: November 2020

Halomonas
sp. strain ML-15 is an aerobic, haloalkaliphilic bacterium capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The draft genome sequence of the isolate contains 19 contigs encompassing 4.8 Mb and a G+C content of 65.38%. This sequence will provide essential information for future studies of PAH degradation, particularly under haloalkaliphilic conditions.
Occurrence, mortality and cost of brain disorders in Denmark: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Vestergaard Søren Viborg , Rasmussen Thomas Bøjer , Stallknecht Sandra , Olsen Jens , Skipper Niels , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Christiansen Christian Fynbo
Published: November 2020

Objectives

To examine the occurrence of brain disorders (ie, neurological and mental disorders) in Denmark and mortality and cost of illness among affected persons.

Design

Matched cohort study.

Setting

We obtained routinely collected registry data on all Danish residents during 1995–2015.

Participants

We identified all persons alive on 1 January 2015 with a diagnosis of 25 specific brain disorders (prevalent cohort) and all persons with an incident diagnosis during 2011–2015 (incident cohort). Each person was matched on age and sex with 10 persons from the general population without the brain disorder of interest.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Prevalence and incidence of hospital-diagnosed brain disorders, 1-year absolute and relative mortality, and attributable direct and indirect costs of illness compared with the corresponding matched cohorts.

Results

We identified 1 075 081 persons with at least one prevalent brain disorder (any brain disorder) on 1 January 2015, corresponding to 18.9% of the Danish population. The incidence rate of any brain disorder during 2011–2015 was 1349 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 1345 to 1353). One-year mortality after diagnosis was increased in persons with any brain disorder (HR 4.7, 95% CI 4.7 to 4.8) and in persons in every group of specific brain disorders compared with the matched cohort from the general population. The total attributable direct costs of brain disorders in 2015 were €5.2 billion and total attributable indirect costs were €11.2 billion. Traumatic brain injury, stress-related disorders, depression and stroke were the most common brain disorders. Attributable costs were highest for depression, dementia, stress-related disorders and stroke.

Conclusions

One in five Danish residents alive on 1 January 2015 had been diagnosed with at least one brain disorder, and mortality was five times higher in persons with any diagnosed brain disorder than in the general population. We found high attributable direct and indirect costs of brain disorders.
Factors affecting research utilisation of nurses and midwives working in North Gondar and West Gojjam Zone public hospitals, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dagne Asrat Hailu , Ayalew Mequannent Melaku
Published: November 2020

Background

Research utilisation in clinical decision-making is crucial to enhance quality healthcare, professional development and cost-effective health service. Nurses and midwives have a vital role in research utilisation. However, many factors influence research utilisation of nurses and midwives.

Objectives

To determine research utilisation and identify factors that affect research utilisation among nurses and midwives.

Methods

An institutional-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from 23 May to 30 June 2019. A total of 631 nurses and midwives participated in the study. Categorical variables were coded with dummy variables and multiple linear regression model was carried out. The level of significance was set at p value less than or equal to 0.05 with 95% CI.

Results

Participants’ total mean score in the research utilisation scale was 2.27 (SD±0.77) and their mean age was 28.41 (SD±4.71) years. The study revealed that 70.4% (444) of participants had poor research utilisation. Self-efficacy in research utilisation skills (B=0.86, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.97), support for research utilisation (B=0.4, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.55), attitude (B=0.23, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.38), barriers to research utilisation (B=−0.63, 95% CI −0.72 to −0.54), nursing/midwifery work index (B=0.07, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.11) and hospital’s level of healthcare (B=4.5, 95% CI 2.13 to 6.9) were statistically significantly associated factors of research utilisation.

Conclusions

This study revealed poor research utilisation among nurses and midwives. Barriers to research utilisation, supporting factors for research utilisation, attitude, self-efficacy in research utilisation skills, hospital’s level of healthcare and nursing/midwifery work index were found to be statistically significant predictors of research utilisation. The most common barriers to research utilisation were insufficient time and inability to understand statistical terms used in research articles.
Parents and GPs’ understandings and beliefs about food allergy testing in children with eczema: qualitative interview study within the Trial of Eczema allergy Screening Tests (TEST) feasibility trial
Authors: Clement Clare , Ridd Matthew J , Roberts Kirsty , Santer Miriam , Boyle Robert , Muller Ingrid , Gilbertson Anna , Angier Elizabeth , Selman Lucy , Shaw Alison R G
Published: November 2020

Aim

To explore parent and general practitioner (GP) understanding and beliefs about food allergy testing for children with eczema.

Design and setting

Qualitative interview study in UK primary care within the Trial of Eczema allergy Screening Tests feasibility trial.

Participants

Semi-structured interviews with parents of children with eczema taking part in the feasibility study and GPs at practices hosting the study.

Results

21 parents and 11 GPs were interviewed. Parents discussed a range of potential causes for eczema, including a role for food allergy. They believed allergy testing to be beneficial as it could potentially identify a cure or help reduce symptoms and they found negative tests reassuring, suggesting to them that no dietary changes were needed. GPs reported limited experience and uncertainty regarding food allergy in children with eczema. While some GPs believed referral for allergy testing could be appropriate, most were unclear about its utility. They thought it should be reserved for children with severe eczema or complex problems but wanted more information to advise parents and help guide decision making.

Conclusions

Parents’ motivations for allergy testing are driven by the desire to improve their child’s condition and exclude food allergy as a possible cause of symptoms. GPs are uncertain about the role of allergy testing and want more information about its usefulness to support parents and help inform decision making.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN15397185.
Acceptability of chronic liver disease screening in a UK primary care setting: a qualitative evaluation
Authors: Knight Holly , Harman David , Morling Joanne R , Aithal Guruprasad , Card Timothy , Guha Indra Neil , Bains Manpreet
Published: November 2020

Objectives

The increasing incidence of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the UK may be attributed to a rise in preventable risk factors, including hazardous alcohol use and type 2 diabetes. Transient elastography (TE) can rapidly stratify risk of CLD in primary care populations and provide an opportunity to raise patient awareness of risk factors.

This study explores patients’ experiences of TE screening in a primary care setting. In addition, patient awareness of CLD risk is explored.

Study design and setting

This study used a qualitative process evaluation of a community screening pathway for CLD (Nottingham, UK). Participants completed semistructured interviews, which were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

Participants

Twenty adults were purposively recruited 6 months to 2 years after TE screening. Inclusion criteria included (1) hazardous alcohol use, (2) type 2 diabetes and/or (3) persistently elevated liver enzymes without known cause.

Results

Undergoing TE in primary care was seen as acceptable to most participants. Hazardous alcohol use was identified as the primary cause of CLD; no participants were aware of metabolic risk factors. TE improved understanding of personal risk factors and prompted contemplation of lifestyle changes across all TE stratifications. However, participants’ perceptions of risk were altered by the healthcare providers’ communication of TE scores.

Conclusions

High acceptability of TE, regardless of the risk factor, provides strong support for inclusion of TE stratification in primary care. Findings highlight the positive impact of receiving TE on risk awareness. Future clinical iterations should improve the structure and communication of TE results to patients.
Changes in public preferences for technologically enhanced surveillance following the COVID-19 pandemic: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Degeling Chris , Chen Gang , Gilbert Gwendolyn L , Brookes Victoria , Thai Thi , Wilson Andrew , Johnson Jane
Published: November 2020

Objectives

As governments attempt to navigate a path out of COVID-19 restrictions, robust evidence is essential to inform requirements for public acceptance of technologically enhanced communicable disease surveillance systems. We examined the value of core surveillance system attributes to the Australian public, before and during the early stages of the current pandemic.

Design

A discrete choice experiment was conducted in Australia with a representative group of respondents, before and after the WHO declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. We identified and investigated the relative importance of seven attributes associated with technologically enhanced disease surveillance: respect for personal autonomy; privacy/confidentiality; data certainty/confidence; data security; infectious disease mortality prevention; infectious disease morbidity prevention; and attribution of (causal) responsibility. Specifically, we explored how the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak influenced participant responses.

Setting and participants

2008 Australians (general public) completed the experiment: 793 before COVID-19 outbreak onset (mean age 45.9 years, 50.2% male) and 1215 after onset (mean age 47.2 years, 49% male).

Results

All seven attributes significantly influenced respondents’ preferences for communicable disease surveillance systems. After onset, participants demonstrated greater preference for a surveillance system that could prevent a higher number of illnesses and deaths, and were less concerned about their personal autonomy. However, they also increased their preference for a system with high data security.

Conclusions

Public acceptance of technology-based communicable disease surveillance is situation dependent. During an epidemic, there is likely to be greater tolerance of technologically enhanced disease surveillance systems that result in restrictions on personal activity if such systems can prevent high morbidity and mortality. However, this acceptance of lower personal autonomy comes with an increased requirement to ensure data security. These findings merit further research as the pandemic unfolds and strategies are put in place that enable individuals and societies to live with SARS-CoV-2 endemicity.
Improving access and flow within Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: a collaborative learning system approach
Authors: Stafford Jamie , Aurelio Marco , Shah Amar
Published: November 2020

Long waiting times for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) have been linked to poorer outcomes for those seeking care. CAMHS teams in England have seen recent increases in referrals, resulting in challenging waiting times nationally. Although recent health policy has brought an increase in funding and staffing, it is believed that only 25% of those needing care receive it. Between trusts, there is considerable variation in waiting times, leaving many waiting longer than others waiting for care. East London Foundation Trust has been seen to have higher waiting times for CAMHS than other organisations across the country between June 2017 and September 2018, seven CAMHS teams were supported to use quality improvement (QI) as part of a collaborative learning system with the aim of improving access and flow. Each team was encouraged to understand their system using basic demand and capacity modelling alongside process mapping. From this teams created project aims, driver diagrams and used Plan Do Study Act cycles to test changes iteratively. Measurement and data were displayed on control charts to help teams learn from changes. Teams were brought together to help learn from each other and accelerate change through a facilitated collaborative learning system. Of the seven teams that began the collaborative learning system, six completed a project. Across the collaborative learning system collectively there were improvements in average waiting times for first, second and third appointments, and an improvement in the number of appointments cancelled. For the individual teams involved, three saw an improvement in their project outcome measures, two just saw improvements in their process measures and one did not see an improvement in any measure. In addition to service improvements, teams used the process to learn more about their pathway, engage with service users and staff, build QI capability and learn together.
It’s complicated … environmental DNA as a predictor of trout and char abundance in streams
Authors: Sepulveda Adam J. , Al-Chokhachy Robert , Laramie Matthew B. , Crapster Kyle , Knotek Ladd , Miller Brian , Zale Alexander V. , Pilliod David S.
Published: November 2020

The potential to provide inferences about fish abundance from environmental (e)DNA samples has generated great interest. However, the accuracy of these abundance estimates is often low and variable across species and space. A plausible refinement is the use of common aquatic habitat monitoring data to account for attributes that influence eDNA dynamics. We therefore evaluated the relationships between eDNA concentration and abundance of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at 42 stream sites in the Intermountain West (USA and Canada) and tested whether accounting for site-specific habitat attributes improved the accuracy of fish abundance estimates. eDNA concentrations were positively associated with fish abundance, but these relationships varied by species and site, and there was still considerable variation unaccounted for. Random site-level differences explained much of this variation, but specific habitat attributes of those sites explained relatively small amounts of this variation. Our results underscore that either eDNA sampling or environmental characterization will require further refinement before eDNA can be used reliably to estimate fish abundance in streams.
FLRW-cosmology in generic gravity theories
Authors: Gürses Metin , Heydarzade Yaghoub
Published: November 2020

We prove that for the Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker metric, the field equations of any generic gravity theory in arbitrary dimensions are of the perfect fluid type. The cases of general Lovelock and$${\mathcal {F}}(R, {\mathcal {G}})$$F(R,G)theories are given as examples.
U.S. states must broaden participation while expanding access to computer science education
Authors: Adrion W. Richards , Dunton Sarah T. , Ericson Barbara , Fall Renee , Fletcher Carol , Guzdial Mark
Published: November 2020

Incorporating equity and inclusion in the effort toward access for everyone.
Syntactic Change in Contact: Romance
Authors: D'Alessandro Roberta
Published: November 2020

Language change as a result of language contact is studied in many different ways using a number of different methodologies. This article provides an overview of the main approaches to syntactic change in contact (CIC), focusing on the Romance language group. Romance languages are widely documented both synchronically and diachronically. They have been in extensive contact with other language families both in bilingual contexts and in creolization contexts. Furthermore, they present great microvariation. They are therefore ideal to tackle language change in contact. Given the breadth of studies targeting Romance languages in contact, only a selection of facts is considered here, namely pro-drop, differential object marking (DOM), and deixis. The article shows that microcontact, i.e., contact between minimally different grammars, is a necessary dimension to be considered within contact studies, as it provides insights that are often radically different from those provided by the observation of contact between maximally different languages.
Traffic Flow Detection at Road Intersections Based on K-Means and NURBS Trajectory Clustering
Authors: Song Jun-fang , Wang Shu-yu , Zhao Hai-li
Published: November 2020

In view of the variety and occlusion of vehicle target motion on the urban intersection, it is difficult to accurately detect the traffic flow parameters in all directions and categories of the intersection, so an improved k-means trajectory clustering method based on NURBS curve fitting is designed to obtain the traffic flow parameters. Firstly, the B-spline quadratic interpolation function is used to fit the smooth NURBS curve of vehicle trajectory; secondly, K-means clustering is used to measure the minimum distance, and the location of the first and last end points of the vehicle trajectory is used to realize the automatic division of the intersection area; finally, according to the intersection area where the start and end points of vehicle trajectory belong, respectively, the moving mode of a vehicle is determined, and the traffic flow parameters are classified and counted. Experiments show that the method has high accuracy and simple algorithm, which can meet the application requirements of intelligent transportation. It can provide effective data for traffic congestion analysis and lane occupancy estimation, and it is an important parameter for dynamic time setting of intersection information lights.
Recent Progress in Chemical Composition, Production, and Pharmaceutical Effects of Kombucha Beverage: A Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Authors: Mousavi Seyyed Mojtaba , Hashemi Seyyed Alireza , Zarei Maryam , Gholami Ahmad , Lai Chin Wei , Chiang Wei Hung , Omidifar Navid , Bahrani Sonia , Mazraedoost Sargol
Published: November 2020

Kombucha is a valuable traditional natural tea that contains beneficial compounds like organic acids, minerals, different vitamins, proteins, polyphenols, and several anions. Kombucha possesses anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activity as well as hepatoprotective effects. Considering the unique properties of Kombucha, several investigations have already been conducted on its nutritional properties. In this review, an effort has been devoted to pool recent literature on the biomedical application of Kombucha under the objectives, including the chemical composition of Kombucha and industrial production, and highlight different properties of Kombucha. Finally, we explain its adverse effects and prospect. This review is an active, in‐depth, and inclusive report about Kombucha and its health benefits.
An Empirical Analysis for Mode Choice in a Short-Distance Trip with Personal Rapid Transit
Authors: Kim Hyunmyung , Seok Haneum , Iris You Soyoung , Lee Changju
Published: November 2020

Recently, there have been emerging demands for new transportation modes, such as personal rapid transit (PRT), to improve the connectivity of first and last mile travel. Advancement of ICT and growing concerns over environmental issues reinforce such demands through which specific transportation modes can satisfy the need of each individual for short-distance trips. Although PRT has received particular attention for short-distance trips, it is true that recent approaches have been developed to analyze the behavior of travelers for mid- to long-distance trips that are not relevant for short-distance trips. This study proposed a suitable approach using logistic regression models that could assist the understanding of features which determine mode choice in a short-distance trip. The mode choice for PRT in short-distance trips in this study was based on the data from the survey. After considering various factors, it was apparent that the purpose of the trip together with weather conditions impacted significantly on travelers’ mode choices to PRT in short-distance trips. Additionally, it is expected that this study will play an important initial role in analyzing emerging transportation modes that can more easily respond to new demands for short-distance trips.
Influences on Antislide Piles Used for Slope Reinforcement: Numerical Simulation Based on the Soil Arching Effect
Authors: Zhang Sifeng , Zhang Guojian , Zhang Xinyu , Chen Luchuan , Zheng Shuai
Published: November 2020

This study explores the pile-soil interaction mechanism and the optimal use of antislide piles for slope reinforcement based on finite difference numerical modelling. The force and displacement principles of slopes and antislide piles are analysed. The influences of various factors are investigated, such as postpile filling parameters, pile embedding methods, and pile cross-sectional shapes. Numerical modelling is used to determine the optimal layouts of antislide piles for push and traction landslides. The findings indicate that the cohesive force of the fill has a greater influence on the piles and slope than the friction angle and is the primary control factor. Fully buried antislide piles provide a better antisliding effect than semiburied ones. With fully buried piles, the best controlling effect is obtained when the ratio of the length of the pile’s free section to the height of the sliding body is approximately 4/5. Moreover, stepped-cross-section piles provide better slope reinforcement than those with rectangular, T-shaped, or trapezoidal cross-sections. In practical applications, end-bearing arches can be utilized as the primary control structures, with friction arches used for secondary control to improve the soil arching effect as much as possible, thereby enhancing the stability of the piles and slope. To control landslides of various thrust forms, antislide piles should be set in the active section, the core sliding section, or both, as required. This paper provides guidance for improving the design of antislide piles.
Flocculation Efficiency and Mechanism of Carbamazepine by Microbial Flocculant Extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae J1
Authors: Xing Jie , Song Nanzhe , Chen Xiangwei , Li Ang , Ni Hongwei
Published: November 2020

The microbial flocculant (MFX) extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae J1 was used to remove carbamazepine in prepared wastewater and domestic sewage. The influence factors and flocculation mechanism were studied. The optimal carbamazepine removal conditions for MFX were pH of 7-8, 7 mL of flocculant, 0.1 mL of coagulant, and 35°C, and the removal rate reached 81.75%. MFX was efficient in the removal of carbamazepine in both domestic sewage (75.03%) and secondary sedimentation tank effluent (69.76%). The pseudo-first-order kinetic equation fitted the adsorption process better than the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, which suggested that the adsorption was not pure chemical adsorption. The analysis of floc size suggested that the repulsive force between carbamazepine and MFX was weakened under alkalescent conditions, which can help the growth and coherence of flocs and increase the carbamazepine removal efficiency. Enough dosage of MFX can generate larger flocs, but excessive dosage of MFX will decrease the carbamazepine removal rate because of increase in electrostatic repulsion. The analysis of 3D-EEM and FTIR suggested that hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl in MFX played an important role in the removal of carbamazepine. As an eco-friendly and highly efficient microbial flocculant, MFX has potential for practical applications in carbamazepine removal.
Cytological Features of Pulmonary Papillary Adenoma with Malignant Transformation and Literature Review
Authors: Hu Xingen , Chen Yi , Ru Guoqing , Yu Lili
Published: November 2020

Papillary adenoma of the lung is a rather rare tumor. We will present a case of papillary adenoma in the lung with malignant transformation in a 65-year-old male patient. A high dense soft tissue mass was detected in the lateral segment of the right middle lobe by CT examination. Cytologically, the tumor contained the benign cells similar to normal alveolar epithelium and the malignant cells which were significantly enlarged and irregular, crowded, or overlapping. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the epithelial cells were diffusely positive for TTF-1, napsin-A, and CK7, but were negative for p63, p40, CK5/6, CgA, Syn, CD56, and TG. The Ki67 index was about 5%. All of these evidences indicated that it was a case of papillary adenoma with malignant transformation. Thus, it should be noted that more active treatment measures should be taken to treat pulmonary papillary adenoma.
Risk Assessment System Based on Fuzzy Composite Evaluation and a Backpropagation Neural Network for a Shield Tunnel Crossing under a River
Authors: Liang Xiao , Qi Taiyue , Jin Zhiyi , Qin Shaojie , Chen Pengtao
Published: November 2020

Constructing a shield tunnel that crosses under a river poses considerable safety risks, and risk assessment is essential for guaranteeing the safety of tunnel construction. This paper studies a risk assessment system for a shield tunnel crossing under a river. Risk identification is performed for the shield tunnel, and the risk factors and indicators are determined. The relationship between the two is determined preliminarily by numerical simulation, the numerical simulation results are verified by field measurements, and a sample set is established based on the numerical simulation results. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and a backpropagation neural network are then used to evaluate and analyze the risk level. Finally, the risk assessment system is used to evaluate the risk for Line 5 of the Hangzhou Metro in China. Based on the evaluation results, adjustments to the slurry strength, grouting pressure, and soil chamber pressure are proposed, and the risk is mitigated effectively.
Detection of Atrial Fibrillation on Stroke Units: Comparison of Manual versus Automatic Analysis of Continuous Telemetry
Authors: Rogalewski Andreas , Plümer Jorge , Feldmann Tobias , Oelschläger Christian , Greeve Isabell , Kitsiou Alkisti , Schellinger Peter D. , Israel Carsten Walter , Schäbitz Wolf-Rüdiger
Published: November 2020

Background: Detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the primary diagnostic goals for patients on a stroke unit. Physician-based manual analysis of continuous ECG monitoring is regarded as the gold standard for AF detection but requires considerable resources. Recently, automated computer-based analysis of RR intervals was established to simplify AF detection. The present prospective study analyzes both methods head to head regarding AF detection specificity, sensitivity, and overall effectiveness. Methods: Consecutive stroke patients without history of AF or proof of AF in the admission ECG were enrolled over the period of 7 months. All patients received continuous ECG telemetry during the complete stay on the stroke unit. All ECGs underwent automated analysis by a commercially available program. Blinded to these results, all ECG tracings were also assessed manually. Sensitivity, specificity, time consumption, costs per day, and cost-effectiveness were compared. Results: 216 consecutive patients were enrolled (70.7 ± 14.1 years, 56% male) and 555 analysis days compared. AF was detected by manual ECG analysis on 37 days (6.7%) and automatically on 57 days (10.3%). Specificity of the automated algorithm was 94.6% and sensitivity 78.4% (28 [5.0%] false positive and 8 [1.4%] false negative). Patients with AF were older and had more often arterial hypertension, higher NIHSS at admission, more often left atrial dilatation, and a higher CHA2DS2-VASc score. Automation significantly reduced human resources but was more expensive compared to manual analysis alone. Conclusion: Automatic AF detection is highly specific, but sensitivity is relatively low. Results of this study suggest that automated computer-based AF detection should be rather complementary to manual ECG analysis than replacing it.
Apocalipse carioca: peste, guerra, fome e morte no noticiário
Authors: Nóra Gabriela , Mesquita Débora Moreira de Castro , Martins Mariana Souza , Andrade Ramon Valença Moniz de
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa mais ampla que se propõe a investigar como o noticiário carioca utiliza o aspecto negativo como principal critério de noticiabilidade. O “Jornalismo Construtivo” preconiza uma nova forma de abordagem das notícias pautado na função social do jornalismo, entendendo que deve-se ir além de apenas tornar público um problema, mas também munir sua audiência de informações inspiradoras que foquem em possíveis soluções.  A partir desse conceito, a hipótese central deste trabalho é a de que o ambiente apontado pela mídia pode causar pessimismo e provocar uma sensação de apatia diante de um cenário apocalíptico. Usando como metáfora os quatro cavaleiros do apocalipse bíblico – Peste, Guerra, Fome e Morte – como instrumento de análise, observa-se que as manchetes imprimem um tom de caos absoluto na cidade.
Rodolfo Wolfgang Ortriwano: relato sobre a irmã Gisela Swetlana, referência nos estudos de rádio no Brasil
Authors: Galvão Júnior Lourival da Cruz
Published: November 2020

Gisela Swetlana Ortriwano dedicou quase três décadas à pesquisa e ao ensino do rádio e do radiojornalismo no Departamento de Jornalismo e Editoração da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo (CJE-ECA/USP). Professora Gisela cursou duas faculdades, fez mestrado e doutorado também na USP, onde ainda se tornou pioneira ao defender a primeira tese que tratou de forma específica de radiojornalismo no Brasil. Todavia, pouco se sabe do percurso biográfico da docente, fato que motivou a entrevista com Rodolfo Wolfgang Ortriwano, professor, jornalista aposentado e irmão mais novo de Gisela. Como metodologia foram utilizados os preceitos da história oral, que revelaram uma trajetória forjada na dedicação ao estudo e ao rádio.

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