bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In situ construction of a static-dynamic hybrid interface toward stable Zn anodes for aqueous Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Baohua , Yu Luyan , Xiao Qinghua , Zhang Shilin , Li Guanjie , Ren Kaixin , Zhu Yuxuan , Wang Chao , Wang Qinghong
Published: September 2024

A stable Zn anode is realized by using triethanolamine as the electrolyte additive to construct a hybrid SEI layer composed of a static layer and dynamic layer, which effectively inhibits the dendrite growth and side reactions.
Dry and lubricated sliding friction for rubber on concrete: the role of surface energies
Authors: Miyashita N. , Persson B. N. J.
Published: September 2024

We study the influence of lubricant fluids (water–glycerol mixtures) on rubber sliding friction for two different rubber tread compounds on a concrete surface.
The aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition of Mo-doped BiVO4 photoanodes for solar water splitting: an experimental and computational study
Authors: Zhao Shaobin , Jia Chenglin , Shen Xinyi , Li Ruohao , Oldham Louise , Moss Benjamin , Tam Brian , Pike Sebastian , Harrison Nicholas , Ahmad Ehsan , Kafizas Andreas
Published: September 2024

A series of Mo-doped BiVO4 photoanodes are studied using experimental and DFT methods. Mo doping replaces V sites, increasing electronic conductivity and improving solar water splitting performance.
Mechanochemical transformation of spent ternary lithium-ion battery electrode material to perovskite oxides for catalytic CO oxidation
Authors: Nie Guangze , Du Xiangqian , Yu Hongchao , Fan Weiyi , Pan Min , Gao Fei , Wu Feng , Hong Yunchuan , Tang Hongjian , Zhou Zhihao , Deng Guoshu , Li Lin , Sun Zhenkun , Duan Lunbo
Published: September 2024

This study introduces a mechanochemical approach to convert lithium-removed cathode material from spent ternary LIBs into perovskite oxides for catalyzing CO oxidation.
Metal–organic frameworks as promising electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction: mapping the research landscape and identifying future trends
Authors: Nakatani Riki , Das Saikat , Negishi Yuichi
Published: September 2024

In this review, we highlight the design processes and latest advances in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) leveraged as electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR).
Structural and catalytic regulation in a rigid Zr-MOF through linker installation
Authors: Huang Jinyi , Li Fugang , Meng Yuxuan , Lin Xi , Liu Suijun , Zhang Liangliang , Fang Yu
Published: September 2024

A rigid MOF with a (4,6)-connected she-net was prepared, which could further incorporate bpy(Cu) active centers through linker installation. Structure and size-selective catalytic activity for aerobic alcohol oxidation reactions can be regulated.
Enabling a scalable composite solid electrolyte via cathode-supported scale-up processing
Authors: Song Jiechen , Xu Yuxing , Zhou Yuncheng , He Rui , Wei Aijia , Tan Qiangqiang
Published: September 2024

The designed composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) address the aggregation problems of inorganic particles and the issue of difficult reproduction of 3D porous oxide electrolyte frameworks, providing a new pathway for the scale-up of CSE synthesis.
Rare-earth chalcogenidotetrachloride clusters (RE3ECl4, RE = Dy, Gd, Y; E = S, Se, Te): syntheses and materials properties
Authors: Li Lei , Xue Tian-Jiao , Ding You-Song , Zheng Zhiping
Published: September 2024

We reported the synthesis and crystal structure of a series of rare-earth chalcogenidotetrachloride complexes. Comparative magnetic studies revealed fine but definitive differences due to using different metal and chalcogen elements.
Sustainable IoT: Designing Green and Energy-Efficient Smart Devices
Authors: Manikandan M. , Shnain Ammar Hameed , Mohammed G. , Rekha M. , Dhilipkumar R.
Published: September 2024

The multiplication of Web of Things (IoT) gadgets has changed different areas by empowering constant information assortment, examination, and robotization. Be that as it may, the rising number of IoT gadgets has prompted critical energy utilization and natural worries, requiring the improvement of feasible and energy-proficient arrangements. This paper investigates the standards and approaches for planning green and energy-productive brilliant gadgets inside the IoT environment. By coordinating high level energy-saving advances, improving power the board, and utilizing maintainable materials, we expect to limit the natural impression of IoT gadgets. The paper examines different methodologies, for example, low-power remote correspondence conventions, energy collecting procedures, and wise power the board frameworks. Furthermore, we look at the job of AI calculations in foreseeing and diminishing energy utilization in IoT organizations. Contextual investigations across various applications, including brilliant homes, modern IoT, and natural observing, are introduced to exhibit the useful execution and advantages of these reasonable methodologies. The discoveries highlight the significance of a comprehensive plan viewpoint that incorporates equipment, programming, and organization improvement to accomplish energy proficiency and supportability. The paper closes with future bearings and expected difficulties chasing after greener IoT arrangements, accentuating the requirement for continuous development and interdisciplinary cooperation.
A Bidirectional ANN-Based On-Board LEV Charging System
Authors: Vasantha M. , Jagan Mohan V.C
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a Bidirectional Artificial Neural Network-Based On-Board Charging System for light electric vehicles (LEVs), addressing limitations of unidirectional systems in smart grid environments. The proposed solution aims to solve present challenges, such as low efficiency and high volume, by providing improved performance for supply and battery- side operations. To accomplish ripple-free loading and unloading, it uses a two- stage construction with two stages, AC-DC and DC- DC are employed along with a non-isolated bidirectional switched inductor buck-boost (BSIBB) converter. The high gain capability of the BSIBB converter eliminates the need for transformers, reducing total harmonic distortion (THD) and ensuring effective grid charging. Design and performance analyses validate the system’s suitability for LEV charging applications. ANN is artificial intelligence-based algorithm which gives better performance than state of art controllers.
A novel design of an isolated onboard charger for electric vehicles
Authors: Shasirekha K. , Shivakumar M.
Published: September 2024

The effectiveness of electric vehicles as a form of transportation has been studied in light of the expanding environmental concerns and ever-tighter emission regulations. Electric car battery charger topologies are crucial for boosting the use of electric automobiles (EVs). The study’s onboard plug-in battery charger for electric cars supports SEPIC, resonant inverter, or LLC topology and is suitable for nearby electric e-bikes with a 48V battery pack. In order to obtain the least amount of grid current ripple, an adaptive DC link voltage technique is also recommended for achieving the appropriate DC link voltage under all voltage conditions. The charger also employs a voltage synchronisation strategy to ensure a seamless mode transition between the grid-connected and freestanding modes. MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate and validate the on-board charger.
A Multifunctional Converter Based Harmonic Compensation for Power Quality Enhancement
Authors: Kumar Alladi Sathish , Rajan G. T. Sundar
Published: September 2024

Due to the environmental deterioration caused by global warming and the increasing prevalence of renewable energy sources, they are being used to improve the power generation capabilities of electrical grids. Power electronics are becoming more prevalent in this area. PV inverter technology is becoming increasingly important due to the increasing number of renewable energy-based power plants being built. Nevertheless, power quality of the grid is of major concern. Hence in this paper Multifunctional VSI is presented for power quality improvement. The proposed approach is utilized inductive coupling and capacitive coupling through multifunctional VSI for harmonic compensation for the event of fault in the line. The results are compared with and without compensation and proved that with LC compensation the waveform quality has been improved considerably. Keywords— Multifunctional Converter, VSI, Harmonic Compensation, LC coupling
Impact assessment of ATC variation under normal as well as contingency condition for wind power generation
Authors: Soni Palvi , Tandan Gajendra
Published: September 2024

A copetitive electricity market ensures that there is sufficient energy and that the system functions effectively, despite the fact that system congestion is one of the most significant problems. A method for calculating the ATC for Contingency Management is demonstrated in the current work. ATC assists in locating the most efficient line within the system so that additional power can be transmitted from that line. It is necessary for system operators to be aware of available transfer capability (ATC) in order to ensure that the electricity market is both equitable and transparent. There are a great number of different approaches that can be taken in order to determine the ATC value in the power system and improve it. Therefore, in order to increase the ATC value, it is necessary to find a way to incorporate renewable energy into the system. This is because the world is currently concentrating on green energy technologies. When it comes to integrating wind power in order to increase the ATC value, a significant amount of research has been done on how to use active power support. The reactive power is of utmost significance when there is a significant amount of load. The active and reactive power of wind turbines were taken into consideration for the purpose of the ATC calculation that was presented in this paper. For the purpose of determining the reactive power limit, the capability curve of the wind turbine generator was utilised. For the purpose of determining the amount of power that can be generated by the wind, data on wind speed are collected in real time. The impact that the generation of wind power has on the changes that occur in ATC in both normal and emergency circumstances has been investigated. For the purpose of determining how well the proposed method functions, it is tested on the IEEE-30 bus system.
Design the Tuned Filter using Solar PV Connected with Grid System for Harmonics Elimination
Authors: Mahima M. , Manikandan M. , Adnan Myasar Mundher , Al-Sadi Hafidh l. , Bobba Phaneendra babu , Senthil M.
Published: September 2024

According to the future emphasis on the smart grid, renewable energy is vital to the revolution in power generation. A microgrid will be able to maintain itself in the next years without substantially relying on fossil fuel sources thanks to the noticeable increase in the penetration of renewable energy sources, notably solar energy. If not effectively controlled, power quality issues resulting from these interconnections might seriously impair the grid and distribution assets. The distribution system’s harmonics are removed from it by the HAPF management, which is caused by nonlinear loads and micro inverters. The longest daylight hours are when the PV-powered HAPF system performs at its best. To examine the harmonic distortion on the output waveforms, simulation and experiment data are combined.
Proposed Smart Photovoltaic System with Battery and Hydrogen Production
Authors: Rekioua Djamila , Mokrani Zahra , Rekioua Toufik , Maindola Meenakshi , Bajaj Mohit , Oubelaid Adel
Published: September 2024

This study introduces an innovative energy management approach within a photovoltaic system incorporating fuel cells and battery storage, designed to operate with minimal components while efficiently meeting load requirements. An energy supervision system orchestrates the control of these diverse energy sources. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is implemented to optimize photovoltaic (PV) power output, ensuring maximum efficiency. Additionally, surplus PV power, facilitated by the supervisory system, enables operations such as electrolysis for hydrogen production and battery charging. The study evaluates three distinct scenarios, demonstrating that the excess PV power effectively meets the load demands, underscoring the system’s robustness and efficiency in renewable energy utilization.
Remote engine shutdown system with theft alert via sms for vehicle owners
Authors: Miniappan P. K. , Krishnan R. , Hussain Laeth , Bheemanpally Yamuna , Karuna Gotlur
Published: September 2024

The global auto theft rate is on the rise, which highlights the critical need for effective anti-theft policies. In order to solve this urgent problem, this article suggests a novel solution: the introduction of a theft intimation system that uses SMS technology to notify car owners in real- time and provide them the ability to remotely stop the engine, preventing theft attempts. The suggested solution combines cutting-edge hardware elements and software algorithms to identify illegal vehicle entry and send the owner an SMS notice right away. The system uses microcontrollers and cutting-edge sensor technology to continuously monitor important characteristics including door openings, ignition status, and vehicle movement. The system sends an SMS message to the registered owner’s mobile device as soon as it detects suspicious activity that could be indicative of theft. This triggers a theft alarm sequence. The ability of the suggested system to enable remote engine shutdown via SMS commands is essential to its efficacy. The system’s integration of GSM modules and remote control methods facilitates prompt action by the owner in response to theft alerts. The owner can give directions to deactivate the car’s engine through a secure SMS-based interface, rendering it immobile and foiling any attempted theft in real time. This study offers comprehensive insights into the implementation and operational aspects of the proposed theft intimation system in addition to presenting its conceptual foundation. It describes the hardware configuration, sensor placement, and software features, clarifying the system architecture. The study also explores the development and optimisation of the theft detection algorithm, clarifying the standards and thresholds that are utilised to accurately set off theft alarms. In order to verify the effectiveness and dependability of the suggested system, comprehensive experimental assessments were carried out in a range of real-world circumstances. The outcomes show how well the system detects theft attempts and how quickly it can notify the owner and start a remote engine shutdown. The study also addresses the usefulness of the suggested system, emphasising how it may drastically lower car theft rates and improve general security in suburban and metropolitan areas. To sum up, the suggested theft alert system is a noteworthy development in car security technology that provides an early warning system for potential thefts. The solution gives car owners immediate control over their assets by utilising SMS-based communication and remote engine shutdown capabilities. This effectively discourages thefts and protects priceless resources.
MPPT technique for standalone hybrid PV-wind using fuzzy controller
Authors: Pilomina P. S. , Harshavardhan K. P. , Sinjini J. , Sekhar Reddy P. Chandra , Muhamed Hayidr
Published: September 2024

In order to regulate photovoltaic systems (PV), this work suggests, implements, and validates yet another monstrous power point following (MPPT) approach. We look into the evolution and characteristics of a typical incline climbing based MPPT. Furthermore, the ease of use of the C-block in the MATLAB scripting environment makes it necessary to replicate the estimate and PV system using this block. In accordance with the regular slant climbing process, the provided fuzzy reasoning controller (FLC) takes into account the changing step-size incline climbing MPPT method and provides a prompt and cautious mix to the most outrageous powerpoint (MPP) under common and fluctuating barometrical conditions. While considering various settings for the sun- based enlightenment, the entertainment outcomes are provided to support the show and viability of the suggested controller.
Modernizing Electrical Grids with TCR-Based Flexible AC Transmission Systems
Authors: Alabdeli Haider , Obaid Mohammed Kadhim , Rekha M. , Sivasubramanian S. , Ashok J. , Tharmar S.
Published: September 2024

Modernizing electrical grids is imperative to meet the growing demand for reliable, efficient, and sustainable energy. Thyristor-Controlled Reactors (TCRs) are integral components of modern Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). These systems offer a robust solution for enhancing grid stability, improving power quality, and optimizing transmission efficiency, ensuring that electric grids can support future energy needs. TCR-based FACTS are a collection of technologies designed to enhance the controllability, stability, and power transfer capability of AC electrical grid systems. In this paper, we will discuss the role of TCRs in modernizing AC transmission systems and their role in addressing grid challenges and improving performance, highlighting their critical role in future grid infrastructure. To discuss the future prospects and developments in TCR technology, with ongoing advancements and research efforts paving the way for more efficient, reliable, and flexible grid management solutions.
Environmental impact of leachate pollution of ground water supplies
Authors: Kumar Athithan A. Krishna , Sivalingam K. , Annapoorna  , Sashank S. Sravan , Muhamed Hayidr
Published: September 2024

The population living in cities needs a variety of urban services, such as solid waste management, sewage, and water supply. The majority of communities dispose of their solid waste in open dumps that are not properly lined, which has an impact on the land, water, and air quality. Out of the fifteen largest states in the india, Tamil Nadu has the elevated rate of urbanisation. Tamil Nadu is now the state in the nation with the greatest rate of urbanization nearly forty-four percent according to the 2011 Census. Nonetheless, the influence of leachate percolation was the main focus of this investigation. Samples of leachate were gathered from the city’s environs and the disposal site. The leachate then divided according to age. It was noted that drinking this water had an adverse effect on the health of those living close to the dumpsite. It is determined that the ground water is tainted and unsuitable for residential usage, including drinking.
Sulfide Precipitation Process Optimization of Turbidity Removal from Artisanal Gold Smelting Wastewater via Box-Behnken Design Model
Authors: Austria Thierry Eliane , Lumunsad Gabrielle , Quiton Khyle Glainmer
Published: September 2024

Addressing the turbid waters of the Marilao-Meycuayan-Obando River System (MMORS), this study addresses the challenge of excessive turbidity in wastewater samples collected from Meycauayan City, Bulacan, observed to surpass US EPA standards. Turbidity levels were assessed using a Portable Eutech TN-100 Waterproof Turbidimeter, with an initial reading of 137 NTU, exceeding the US EPA standards. Three parameters—pH level, precipitant dose, and stirring speed—were investigated for their impact on turbidity removal efficiency. Employing Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken Design (RSM-BBD), stirring speed emerged as the most influential factor (p = 0.04111), with optimal conditions identified through RSM-BBD analysis (pH 8.6, 0.5 g L-1 precipitant dose, and 120 rpm stirring speed), resulting in 99.18% turbidity removal efficiency. Subsequent trials confirmed consistent turbidity removal exceeding 99%. Therefore, the study underscores the efficacy of batch sulfide precipitation in sustainable water management and promotion of turbidity removal in addressing the toxicity levels inherent in industrial wastewater.
Ecological Landscape Construction in Canal Countryside
Authors: Long Yao , Wu Yao , Ding Zirong
Published: September 2024

The villages on both sides of the canal possess cultural and ecological significance. Applying the concept of environmental culture to the landscape design of the canal countryside plays a crucial role in improving the rural environmental environment and further stimulating rural economic development. Taking the rural areas in Wujiang, China, as an example, this paper integrates the concepts of water culture and ecological culture into the landscape design of the rural regions. Through implementing two significant strategies—ecological landscape construction and flood prevention landscape design. The paper aims to recreate the traditional appearance of villages along the ancient canal. This approach holds practical significance in promoting sustainable rural economic development and maintaining the dynamic balance of rural ecosystems.
Landscape Dynamics and Land Surface Temperature in the Upper Citarum, Indonesia
Authors: Widiawaty Millary Agung , Dede Moh. , Hafiudzan Akmal , Sunardi Sunardi , Lam Kuok-Choy , Withaningsih Susanti , Afriana Nana Nur
Published: September 2024

The Citarum River Basin is a critical focus of the Indonesian government due to extensive landscape changes that cause environmental degradation. This study analyzes the landscape dynamics and land surface temperature (LST). A cloud computing platform and multivariate analysis were used to understand the phenomenon in the Cirasea Watershed, West Java, Indonesia, known as the Citarum River’s zero point. Landscape data refers to land use and land cover (LULC) resulting from random forests in Google Earth Engine, whereas LST is obtained from the radiative transfer mechanisms formula. Both data were obtained from Landsat series satellite images, which were validated using field surveys. The data were analyzed quantitatively to understand the differences and correlations between variables. This study shows that landscape dynamics are associated with significant changes in LST from 1993 to 2023, reaching 2.34 °C. The LST in forests and water bodies was highest compared to other LULC types. Road (0.42), elevation (0.72), and population (0.58) were also significantly related to LST. The relationship between LULC and LST is an indicator for further and comprehensive investigation in order to better understand the potential accumulative impacts in the future.
Study of Terebang Gede music arts education educators in Serang City
Authors: Suhaya  , Masunah Juju , Supriatna Mamat
Published: September 2024

This research aims to explore the role of educators in Terebang Gede music arts education in the city of Serang, Banten Province. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection techniques were obtained from observation, interviews, documentation and literature study. As for the stages data analysis was carried out thematically and inductively, which involved the stages of data collection, data reduction, data organization, and description leading to the conclusion process. Results from researchshows that the role of educators in Terebang Gede music arts education is very important in facilitating students’ understanding of the techniques of playing musical instruments and the cultural values contained therein. Educators are not only responsible for teaching musical skills, but also serve as guardians and transmitters of cultural traditions. The quality of teaching music is influenced by the qualifications and competence of educators, the availability of artistic facilities and resources, the relevance and diversity of the curriculum, and the development of students’ social skills through the art of music.
Principles of Sundanese vocal technique, Cianjuran
Authors: Karwati Uus , Latifah Diah , Milyartini Rita , Rizkita Nadine
Published: September 2024

The background of this research is that there is a distinctive sound in the rendition of Tembang Sunda Cianjuran (TSC) songs, especially wanda papantunan which is different from other wanda, as well as different from the rendition of other traditional vocal genres in West Java. Several elements influence the difference, including based on elements of vocal technique, and the implementation of ornamentation (Sunda = dongkari) which in principle needs to be formulated. This research method uses a qualitative paradigm with a descriptive approach, trying to analyze, classify, and describe the principles of vocal performance or wanda papantunan songs. The sample analyzed is the papatet song which is always the basis at the beginning of TSC learning. The results of this study are: the principle of vocal performance of wanda papantunan in TSC is based on: 1) sensitivity to tuning, 2) mastering song melodies, 3) mastering 17 types of ornaments (dongkari), 4) based on vocal techniques: posture is relaxed and flexible; registers are concentrated in the chest, middle and head; generally low notes are produced in the chest register, medium and high notes are assisted by the middle and head registers; the sensation of voice placement is at the back of the nape, the impression of sound color or timbre is dark and heavy; voice balance is regulated based on the position of the base of the throat which is more open and nassal; balance of inhaling and releasing breath, power is concentrated in the chest and abdomen for the production of “bedas” and soft sounds. Vocal expression is more focused on the formation of vocal style and ornamentation (dongkari). Dongkari tends to be arranged in several tones and some are formed in 1 or 2 tones only.
Website-based learning media design on gamelan laras salendro
Authors: Supriatna Nanang , Midyanti Hafizhah Insani , Jaohari Enry Johan
Published: September 2024

This research aims to develop a website-based gamelan learning media design that can be used for remote gamelan learning and can be accessed by all people who want to know and learn about gamelan Laras Salendro via smartphone or computer/laptop. The specific objective of this study is that students and the public can learn, explore, and experiment with the Sundanese gamelan Laras Salendro, which is equipped with several illustrations and waditra sounds, as well as an encyclopedia about the Sundanese gamelan Laras Salendro. The research approach used is Design-Based Research, where this method is a suitable method for developing website-based learning media designs through a series of trials. The result of this research is the conceptual design of website-based learning media development from gamelan Laras Salendro which is expected to be the basis for making website-based traditional music learning media.
Wie beeinflusst eine gute medikamentöse Krankheitskontrolle den Verlauf und die orthopädische Therapie entzündlich-rheumatischer Erkrankungen?
Authors: Gaulke Ralph
Published: September 2024

Die Inzidenz der entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen und insbesondere der rheumatoiden Arthritis steigt weltweit. Durch den Einsatz von Biologika und Januskinase-Inhibitoren kann der Krankheitsverlauf in der Schwere deutlich abgemildert werden. Durch diese bessere Kontrolle der Erkrankung sind gelenkerhaltende Operationen länger möglich als in der Vergangenheit. Da die Gelenkzerstörung unter dieser Therapie zwar langsamer, aber aufgrund fehlender oder nur geringer Schmerzen häufig unbemerkt verläuft, ist die ganze Aufmerksamkeit der Patienten und behandelnden Ärzte gefordert, um die Chancen für gelenkerhaltende Eingriffe nicht ungenutzt verstreichen zu lassen. Die Beurteilung der Krankheitsaktivität sollte sowohl anamnestisch, klinisch, laborchemisch als auch durch die bildgebende Diagnostik erfolgen. Die Intervalle zur Nachuntersuchung sind individuell festzulegen und hängen maßgeblich von der individuellen Krankheitsaktivität ab. Schwellungen der Sehnenscheiden und Gelenke, welche unter wirksamer Basistherapie auftreten, sollten unbedingt abgeklärt werden, um einerseits keine Infektionen zu übersehen und andererseits Gelenkschäden durch die entzündlich-rheumatische Aktivität so gering wie möglich zu halten.
Neurologische Defizite bei rheumatoider Arthritis
Authors: Biehl Christoph , Biehl Lotta , Biehl Madita
Published: September 2024

Neurologische Defizite kommen bei Erkrankungen des rheumatischen Formenkreises nicht primär vor, sondern sind zumeist Folge einer arthritischen oder periartikulären Veränderung. Diese treten häufiger auf als es auf den ersten Blick scheint. Am häufigsten ist eine Neurologie des N. medianus. Eine sorgfältige Anamnese und systematische Untersuchung sind für die Diagnose unerlässlich.
Exploration toward a new stacking-pressure phase diagram in bilayer AA- and AB-MoS2
Authors: Jiao Chenyin , Pei Shenghai , Zhang Zejuan , Li Cheng , Zhu Jiankai , Qin Jiaze , Zhang Maodi , Wen Ting , Zhou Yu , Wang Zenghui , Xia Juan
Published: September 2024

The phase diagram serves as a blueprint for designing the structure of a material, offering a comprehensive representation of its different phases under specific conditions, such as temperature and pressure. In the realm of two-dimensional (2D) materials, stacking order can play a crucial role in controlling and inducing phase transitions. However, in studying phase diagrams for 2D materials, the exploration of stacking degree of freedom has largely been overlooked, limiting our understanding and hindering future applications. Here, we experimentally explore the interplay of stacking and pressure degrees of freedom in revealing unique phase transitions in bilayer MoS2 with two different stacking configurations. In AA stacking, interlayer sliding and asymmetric intralayer compressing precede intralayer rotation, while in AB stacking, asymmetric intralayer compressing and intralayer distortion occur simultaneously. Under further elevated pressure, the bilayer system transitions into 1T′ phase before amorphization. Our findings offer valuable insights for creating comprehensive phase diagrams and exploring exotic phases as well as phase transitions of 2D materials in a broader parameter space.
Improved sensitivity for subsurface imaging by contact resonance atomic force microscopy using Fano peaks
Authors: Wang Yuyang , Duan Mingyu , Chen Yuan-Liu
Published: September 2024

Subsurface detection using contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM) has been well-documented and proven capable of nondestructively detecting subsurface defects at depths of hundreds of nanometers. In CR-AFM, the frequency of the contact resonance mode is often used as the actuating frequency of the probe. However, as many frequencies are available in the probe’s vibrational spectrum, each with a significant impact on the final measurement result, a focused study on frequency selection is necessary. This paper investigates contact resonance peaks through theoretical modeling and experimental verification. The peaks were categorized into two types based on their symmetry. Comparative studies were conducted on the traditionally used symmetric resonance peaks and the less-studied asymmetric resonance peaks. The results reveal the detection capability for subsurface measurements due to different peak selections, identifying the peak types most suitable for these measurements. This study demonstrates that using Fano peaks in CR-AFM can enhance subsurface imaging resolution and reduce surface damage, making it a valuable technique for detailed nanoscale analysis.
Design of an X-band high efficiency coaxial relativistic backward wave oscillator with permanent magnetic package
Authors: Yang Kaiqi , Zhou Fugui , Zhang Dian , Jin Zhenxing , Xiang Yujie , Wang Tengfang , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2024

Relativistic backward wave oscillators (RBWOs) have the characteristics of high power and high repetition rate. Reducing the magnetic field strength and the weight of the external permanent magnet (PM) is a significant development direction of RBWOs. In previous research, an X-band RBWO enclosed with a PM has achieved a power efficiency of 50%. However, the PM used in these papers requires a magnetic field magnitude of over 0.68 T, which leads to a weight exceeding 400 kg. The RBWO designed in this paper operates in coaxial TM01 mode, and the radial distance between its cathode and the surface of the slow wave structures reaches 7 mm. Under the condition of a low magnetic field, this design can provide a wide electron beam channel to avoid the rubbing of the electron beam envelope on the inner and outer conductors. Particle-in-cell simulation results have demonstrated that this RBWO achieves an output microwave power of 3 GW with a power efficiency of 50% enclosed in a PM with a magnetic field strength of 0.43 T and a weight of 74 kg.
Unfolding band structure and topological property of 3d transition metal doped monolayer CrTe2: A first-principle calculation
Authors: Yan Pengfei , Li Guanqi , Li Zhihao , Zhao Yafei , He Liang
Published: September 2024

Owing to their distinctive novel properties, topological metals hold significant promise for application in spintronics, quantum computing, and superconductivity. Using first-principle calculations, we have elucidated the unfolding band structure of 3d transition metal (3d-TM)-doped CrTe2. Notably, our investigation has revealed band crossings in Cu-doped CrTe2, forming a nodal ring near the Fermi level. Through analyzing Wannier charge centers, we have established the topological nontriviality of CrTe2 upon Cu doping. This study demonstrates a fresh platform for exploring their inherent topological properties and introduces a novel perspective on tectonic topological metals.
Opportunities and challenges of bamboo fiber composites in additive manufacturing: A comprehensive review
Authors: Balasubramanian Muthuselvan , Saravanan R. , Sathish T. , Giri Jayant , Zairov Rustem , Mozammil Hasnain S. M. , Turmanov Rakhymzhan
Published: September 2024

This study explores the transformative impact of three-dimensional printing, or additive manufacturing, in the development of bamboo-based 3D printing parts. Recently, there has been growing interest in incorporating natural fibers, such as bamboo, into polymers to enhance the structural integrity and strength of 3D-printed polymeric materials. This paper thoroughly examines the opportunities and obstacles associated with using additive manufacturing techniques to print bamboo fiber composites. This study includes an analysis of the mechanical properties, thermal properties, biodegradability, and environmental benefits of bamboo fiber composites. It also covers the processing methods and the printing parameters of bamboo fiber composites. This paper review focuses on the future prospects of bamboo fiber composites as a sustainable material in additive manufacturing based on the analysis of the existing literature and the recent research developments.
Enhanced magnetoresistance induced collaboratively by spin and orbital currents
Authors: Yang Shuyi , Liu Jinnan , Liu Huan , Li Yongji , Zhang Wei , Zeng Zhongming , Quan Zhiyong
Published: September 2024

Orbital currents in light metals or metal oxides without the strong spin–orbit coupling have become an important means to achieve low-power magnetization switching in spin–orbitronic devices. The orbital magnetoresistance (OMR) originated from orbital current represents a useful strategy to explore the interaction between the orbital angular momentum (OAM) and the local magnetic moment. However, systematic research works on the enhancement of OMR and the mechanism of OAM transport are seldom reported. In this study, we report a synergistically enhanced magnetoresistance effect induced by spin and orbital currents in perpendicularly magnetized Pt/Co/Cu–CuOx systems. A maximum room temperature magnetoresistance of 0.38% was observed, exceeding the spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) of heavy metal-based heterostructures by one order of magnitude. The enhancement of magnetoresistance is attributed to the contributions from the OMR generated by the orbital Rashba effect at the Cu/CuOx interface and SMR induced by the spin Hall effect in heavy metal Pt. These results provide a pathway to understanding of the OAM transport in magnetic multilayer films and contribute to the design and realization of energy-efficient spin–orbitronic devices.
Phenoxyacetic acid enhances nodulation symbiosis during the rapid growth stage of soybean
Authors: Li Weijun , Zhu Xinfang , Zhang Mengyue , Yan Xifeng , Leng Junchen , Zhou Yuhong , Liu Like , Zhang Dajian , Yuan Xianzheng , Xue Dawei , Tian Huiyu , Ding Zhaojun
Published: September 2024

Root exudates are known signaling agents that influence legume root nodulation, but the molecular mechanisms for nonflavonoid molecules remain largely unexplored. The number of soybean root nodules during the initial growth phase shows substantial discrepancies at distinct developmental junctures. Using a combination of metabolomics analyses on root exudates and nodulation experiments, we identify a pivotal role for certain root exudates during the rapid growth phase in promoting nodulation. Phenoxyacetic acid (POA) was found to activate the expression of
GmGA2ox10
and thereby facilitate rhizobial infection and the formation of infection threads. Furthermore, POA exerts regulatory control on the miR172c-NNC1 module to foster nodule primordia development and consequently increase nodule numbers. These findings collectively highlight the important role of POA in enhancing nodulation during the accelerated growth phase of soybeans.
Soft-carbon-tuned hard carbon anode for ultrahigh-rate sodium storage
Authors: Dai Hongjin , Cao Yufang , Sun Jingyu
Published: September 2024

High-rate hard carbon anode is critical for achieving fast-charging sodium-ion batteries, whereas the limited ion/electron kinetics caused by unexpected surface defects and unsatisfactory conductivity greatly limits rate capability. Herein, a coconut shell-derived soft-carbon-tuned hard carbon (SHC) with low surface area (4.7 m2 g−1) was prepared. With SHCs as bricks, a high conductivity single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-bonded hard carbon film was constructed. The pitch-derived soft carbon formed on SHCs can effectively decrease the surface defects and simultaneously induce optimized disordered graphite domains into carbon matrix, enabling high Na+ reversibility and ionic/electronic conductivity. The crosslinked SWNTs in-between can provide continuous ion/charge transport ‘highways’, thus ensuring rapid ion/electron kinetics. As a result, such a self-supporting carbon anode exhibits remarkable rate performance (330 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 272 mAh g−1 at 5 C), superior initial Coulombic efficiency of 95.2% and outstanding cycling stability.
Formation and characterization of zirconium based conversion film on AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Fu Hailuo , Wei Dali , Zhu Chenghao , Liu Shuyang , Lin Qing
Published: September 2024

Magnesium alloys have great potential in biomedical applications due to their unique combination of satisfactory mechanical property and decent biodegradability. However, their poor corrosion resistance limits their applications in biomedical fields. In this work, we employ a chemical conversion deposition method to prepare a Zr-based conversion film on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy to serve as a passivation layer. The mechanism for the film formation was studied and it showed the deposition process consists of four steps: substrate dissolution, nucleation, film growth, and film equilibrium. The film is mainly composed of Zr(OH)4/ZrO and Mg(OH)2/MgO with small amount of MgF2 and ZrF4. The protective performance of the Zr-based film was investigated by electrochemical and immersion tests in simulated body fluid (SBF). Electrochemical results showed a significant decrease in the corrosion current density (I
corr), a positive shift of corrosion potential (E
corr), a bigger capacitive loop diameter and higher impedance values for the Zr-coated substrate as compared with an uncoated one. Immersion results indicated the corrosion rate of the Zr-coated sample was ∼20% lower than that of an uncoated one. All above results corroborate the great potential of Zr-based coating in enabling AZ31 alloy for biomedical applications.
An optical atomic clock using

4

D
J

states of rubidium
Authors: Duspayev A , Owens C , Dash B , Raithel G
Published: September 2024

We analyze an optical atomic clock using two-photon

5

S

1

/

2

→
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D
J

transitions in rubidium. Four one- and two-color excitation schemes to probe the

4

D

3

/

2

and

4

D

5

/

2

fine-structure states are considered in detail. We compare key characteristics of Rb

4

D
J

and

5

D

5

/

2

two-photon clocks. The

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D
J

clock features a high signal-to-noise ratio due to two-photon decay at favorable wavelengths, low dc electric and magnetic susceptibilities, and minimal black-body shifts. Ac Stark shifts from the clock interrogation lasers are compensated by two-color Rabi-frequency matching. We identify a ‘magic’ wavelength near 1060 nm, which allows for in-trap, Doppler-free clock-transition interrogation with lattice-trapped cold atoms. From our analysis of clock statistics and systematics, we project a quantum-noise-limited relative clock stability at the

10

−
13

/

τ
(
s
)

-level, with integration time τ in seconds, and a relative accuracy of

∼

10

−
13

. We describe a potential architecture for implementing the proposed clock using a single telecom clock laser at 1550 nm, which is conducive to optical communication and long-distance clock comparisons. Our work could be of interest in efforts to realize small and portable Rb clocks and in high-precision measurements of atomic properties of Rb

4

D
J

-states.
Nanobiohybrids and bacterial carriers: a novel pathway to targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Ali Diyar Salahuddin , Othman Hazha Omar , Mohammed Sarhang Hayyas , Hassan Rebwar Omar , Faethullah Zahraa Sarkawt , Kareem Roza Ibrahim , Smaoui Slim
Published: September 2024

The new strategies in this regard of nanotechnology and biotechnology guarantee new, efficient modalities for cancer therapy. In this study, we explore nanobiohybrids, the bacterium-targeted cancer treatment approach that presents a new category of therapeutic carriers for treating cancer. We specifically focus on bacteriomimetics, where bacteria are used as natural carriers for therapeutic agents. These bacteria possess the ability of pathotropism in localizing themselves around tumor tissues, even hypoxic areas that are generally refractory to standard therapies. By engineering the surface of these bacteria, we enhance how they target tumor cells so that treatment is delivered specifically to the tumor microenvironment with no or minimal systemic side effects. Furthermore, these synthetic nanoparticles inculcated into these bacterial systems stabilize drugs and also provide a way for controlled release, which is important to maintain therapeutic effectiveness. Our results established that such nanobiohybrids are capable of efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and of conducting a local real-time therapeutic response from the perspective of personalized cancer treatment. This research implies a huge development in targeted therapy against cancer, and further work has focused on optimizing these biohybrid systems for clinical applications.
Ayurveda Detoxification Process Reduces Plumbagin from the Roots of Plumbago zeylanica L. – A RP-UFLC Analysis
Authors: Ankad Gireesh M , Hegde Harsha , Kotturshetti Iranna B
Published: September 2024

Ayurveda describes purification process of certain herbal drugs to reduce the toxicity and make them suitable for therapeutic purpose. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of detoxification process on plumbagin (PG) from the Plumbago zeylanica L. roots in marketed samples. It involved procurement of market samples from five states of India viz. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab. The roots were purified in lime water (LW) as mentioned in Ayurveda. Reverse Phase Ultra-Flow Liquid Chromatography method was validated for identification of PG in unprocessed and processed roots and in the media (LW) used for purification after processing. The data was statistically analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and tested for significance by the Dunnett multiple comparison test. Results were expressed as mean ± SD mg/g dry weight of extract. The study indicated that the PG was reduced quantitatively after processing, while the amount of PG found in the LW was observed to be increased, indicating the leaching of PG during the purification process. In conclusion, the detoxification process eliminates PG from its roots and discloses the leaching effect in the media for the first time.
Impacts of Large School Grants and Admissions Algorithms on Student Achievement and Admissions Diversity: Evidence from High-Performing Kenyan Secondary Schools
Authors: Brudevold-Newman Andrew
Published: September 2024

School grants are a logistically simple intervention that aim to improve education outcomes by empowering school administrators to target spending. This paper studies whether a school upgrade program that provided particularly large school grants—an order of magnitude larger than other grant programs studied in developing countries—paired with flexibility to charge higher fees, improved student educational outcomes, as measured by student examination results. The program impact is identified by comparing student outcomes at upgraded schools to student outcomes at schools that met the government’s upgrade eligibility criteria, but were not selected for the upgrade program. I examine cohorts enrolled in the schools prior to the upgrade announcements to avoid potential composition changes resulting from the program. Using this difference-in-differences approach, I find that the program significantly improved outcomes for boys enrolled in the the newly-upgraded schools by 0.17 standard deviations, boosted the likelihood that they scored above a preferential university admissions threshold by 8 percentage points and that the new admissions mechanism admitted comparably-achieving but more geographically diverse students.
Quality Assurance for Multiplex Quantitative Clinical Chemistry Proteomics in Large Clinical Trials
Authors: Reijnders Esther , Romijn Fred P H T M , Arslan Figen , Georges Julien J J , Pieterse Mervin M , Schipper Edwin R , Didden-Buitendijk Sonja , Martherus-Bultman Machteld C , Smit Nico P M , Diederiks Nina M , Treep Maxim M , Jukema J Wouter , Cobbaert Christa M , Ruhaak L Renee
Published: September 2024

Background

To evaluate the clinical performance and effectiveness of a multiplex apolipoprotein panel in the context of cardiovascular precision diagnostics, clinical samples of patients with recent acute coronary syndrome in the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial were measured by quantitative clinical chemistry proteomics (qCCP). The ISO15189-accredited laboratory setting, including the total testing process (TTP), served as a foundation for this study. Consequently, tailored quality assurance measures needed to be designed and implemented to suit the demands of a multiplex LC-MS/MS test.

Methods

Nine serum apolipoproteins were measured in 23 376 samples with a laboratory-developed multiplex apolipoprotein test on 4 Agilent 6495 LC-MS/MS systems. A fit-for-purpose process was designed with tailored additions enhancing the accredited laboratory infrastructure and the TTP. Quality assurance was organized in 3 steps: system suitability testing (SST), internal quality control (IQC) evaluation with adjusted Westgard rules to fit a multiplex test, and interpeptide agreement analysis. Data was semi-automatically evaluated with a custom R script.

Results

LC-MS/MS analyses were performed with the following between-run CVs: for apolipoprotein (Apo) (a) 6.2%, Apo A-I 2.3%, Apo A-II 2.1%, Apo A-IV 2.9%, Apo B 1.9%, Apo C-I 3.3%, Apo C-II 3.3%, Apo C-III 2.7%, and for Apo E 3.3% and an average interpeptide agreement Pearson r of 0.981.

Conclusions

This is the first study of its kind in which qCCP was performed at this scale. This research successfully demonstrates the feasibility of high-throughput LC-MS/MS applications in large clinical trials.

ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Number: NCT01663402