bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organization Development in Precipitating Shallow Cumulus Convection: Evolution of Turbulence Characteristics
Authors: Lamaakel Oumaima , Matheou Georgios
Published: May 2022

Horizontal organization or mesoscale variability is an important mechanism in the interaction of the boundary layer with the large-scale conditions. The development of organization in a precipitating cumulus trade wind boundary layer is studied using large-eddy simulations with extensive horizontal domains, up to 160 × 160 km2 and fine grid resolution (40 m). The cloud fields vary between different computational domain sizes. Mean profiles and vertical velocity statistics do not vary significantly, both with respect to the domain size and when large-scale organization develops. Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) rapidly increases when organization develops. The increase of TKE is attributed to the horizontal component, whereas the vertical velocity variance does not change significantly. The large computational domains blend the boundary between local convective circulations and mesoscale horizontal motions leading to the dependence of horizontal TKE on the LES domain size. Energy-containing horizontal length scales are defined based on the premultiplied spectra. When large-scale organization develops, the premultiplied spectra develop multiple peaks corresponding to the characteristic horizontal scales in the boundary layer. All flow variables have a small length scale of 1–2 km, which corresponds to local convective motions, e.g., updrafts and cumulus clouds. Organization development creates additional larger length scales. The growth rate of the large length scale is linear and it is about 3–4 km h−1, which agrees well with the growth rate of the cold pool radii. A single energy containing length scale is observed for vertical velocity for the entire run (even after organized convection develops) that is fairly constant with height.
How Do Stratospheric Perturbations Influence North American Weather Regime Predictions?
Authors: Lee Simon H. , Charlton-Perez Andrew J. , Woolnough Steven J. , Furtado Jason C.
Published: May 2022

Observational evidence shows changes to North American weather regime occurrence depending on the strength of the lower-stratospheric polar vortex. However, it is not yet clear how this occurs or to what extent an improved stratospheric forecast would change regime predictions. Here we analyze four North American regimes at 500 hPa, constructed in principal component (PC) space. We consider both the location of the regimes in PC space and the linear regression between each PC and the lower-stratospheric zonal-mean winds, yielding a theory of which regime transitions are likely to occur due to changes in the lower stratosphere. Using a set of OpenIFS simulations, we then test the effect of relaxing the polar stratosphere to ERA-Interim on subseasonal regime predictions. The model start dates are selected based on particularly poor subseasonal regime predictions in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts CY43R3 hindcasts. While the results show only a modest improvement to the number of accurate regime predictions, there is a substantial reduction in Euclidean distance error in PC space. The average movement of the forecasts within PC space is found to be consistent with expectation for moderate-to-large lower-stratospheric zonal wind perturbations. Overall, our results provide a framework for interpreting the stratospheric influence on North American regime behavior. The results can be applied to subseasonal forecasts to understand how stratospheric uncertainty may affect regime predictions, and to diagnose which regime forecast errors are likely to be related to stratospheric errors.

Significance Statement

Predicting the weather several weeks ahead is a major challenge with large potential benefits to society. The strength of the circulation more than 10 km above the Arctic during winter (i.e., the polar vortex) is one source of predictability. This study investigates how forecast error and uncertainty in the polar vortex can impact predictions of large-scale weather patterns called “regimes” over North America. Through statistical analysis of observations and experiments with a weather forecast model, we develop an understanding of which regime changes are more likely to be due to changes in the polar vortex. The results will help forecasters and researchers understand the contribution of the stratosphere to changes in weather patterns, and in assessing and improving weather forecast models.
A Theory for Self-Sustained Multicentennial Oscillation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Haijun
Published: May 2022

In this work, a single-hemisphere 4-box model is used to study the low-frequency variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). We introduce an enhanced mixing mechanism in the subpolar ocean to balance the positive salinity advection feedback, so that the AMOC in the 4-box model exhibits a self-sustained multicentennial oscillation. The enhanced mixing mechanism is proposed based on results from a coupled climate model, which show that the eddy-induced mixing or diffusion in the subpolar ocean is always enhanced when the AMOC anomaly is large; namely, the enhancement is due to weak stratification when the AMOC is strong, and is due to mesoscale and submesoscale eddies when the AMOC is weak. Without the enhanced mixing, the 4-box model system can be either stable or unstable, but cannot realize a self-sustained stable oscillation. With the enhanced mixing, the 4-box model can be interpreted approximately as a reduced 3-box model, so that the theoretical solution to the multicentennial oscillation can be obtained. The oscillation period is determined by the eigenvalue of the system, which is fundamentally controlled by the turnover time of the upper ocean. We also illustrate that the multicentennial oscillation can be excited by stochastic freshwater forcing. This study suggests that the Atlantic Ocean has an intrinsic multicentennial mode, which may help us understand this class of variability identified in paleoclimatic proxy data.
The Forced Response and Decadal Predictability of the North Atlantic Oscillation: Nonstationary and Fragile Skills
Authors: Christiansen Bo , Yang Shuting , Matte Dominic
Published: May 2022

We investigate the forced response of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)—calculated as the ensemble mean—in different large ensembles of climate models including simulations with historical forcings and initialized decadal hindcasts. The forced NAO in the CMIP6 historical ensemble correlates significantly with observations after 1970. However, the forced NAO shows an apparent nonstationarity with significant correlations to observations only in the period after 1970 and in the period before 1890. We demonstrate that such apparent nonstationarity can be due to chance even when models and observations are independent. For the period after 1970 the correlation to the observed NAO continues to increase while the amplitude of the forced signal continues to decrease—although both with some signs of saturation—when the ensemble size grows. This behavior can be explained by a simple statistical model assuming a very small signal-to-noise ratio in the models. We find only rather weak evidence that initialization improves the skill of the NAO on decadal time scales. The NAO in the historical ensembles including only natural forcings, well-mixed greenhouse gases, or anthropogenic aerosols show skill that is not significantly different from zero. The same holds for a large single-model ensemble. The skills of these ensembles, except for the well-mixed greenhouse gas ensemble, are also significantly different from the skill of the larger full historical ensemble even though their ensemble sizes are smaller. Taken together, our results challenge the possibility of useful NAO predictions on decadal time scales.
The Statistics of Oceanic Turbulence Measurements. Part I: Shear Variance and Dissipation Rates
Authors: Lueck Rolf G.
Published: May 2022

An empirically derived statistic is used to estimate the confidence interval of a dissipation estimate that uses a finite amount of shear data. Four collocated shear probes, mounted on a bottom anchored float, are used to measure the rate of dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy ϵ at a height of 15 m above the bottom in a 55 m deep tidal channel. One pair of probes measures ∂w/∂x while the other measures ∂υ/∂x, where w and υ are the vertical and lateral velocity. The shear-probe signals are converted into a regularly resampled space series to permit the rate of dissipation to be estimated directly from the variance of the shear using (and similarly for the υ component), for averaging lengths, L ranging from 1 to 104 Kolmogorov lengths. While the rate of dissipation fluctuates by more than a factor of 100, the fluctuations of the differences of between pairs of probes are stationary, zero mean, and distributed normally for averaging lengths of L = ∼30 to 104 Kolmogorov lengths. The variance of the differences, , scales as L−7/9, independent of stratification for buoyancy Reynolds numbers larger than ∼600, and for dissipation rates from ∼10−10 to ∼10−5 W kg−1. The variance decreases more slowly than L−1 because the averaging is done in linear space while the variance is evaluated in logarithmic space. This statistic provides the confidence interval of an ϵ estimate such as the 95% interval . This result also applies to the traditional ϵ estimates that are made by way of spectral integration, after L is adjusted for the truncation of the shear spectrum.

Significance Statement

The results reported here can be used to estimate the statistical uncertainty of a dissipation estimate that is derived from a finite length of turbulence shear data.
Radar Reflectivity–Based Model Initialization Using Specified Latent Heating (Radar-LHI) within a Diabatic Digital Filter or Pre-Forecast Integration
Authors: Weygandt Stephen S. , Benjamin Stanley G. , Hu Ming , Alexander Curtis R. , Smirnova Tatiana G. , James Eric P.
Published: May 2022

A technique for model initialization using three-dimensional radar reflectivity data has been developed and applied within the NOAA 13-km Rapid Refresh (RAP) and 3-km High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) regional forecast systems. This technique enabled the first assimilation of radar reflectivity data for operational NOAA forecast models, critical especially for more accurate short-range prediction of convective storms. For the RAP, the technique uses a diabatic digital filter initialization (DFI) procedure originally deployed to control initial inertial gravity wave noise. Within the forward-model integration portion of diabatic DFI, temperature tendencies obtained from the model cloud/precipitation processes are replaced by specified latent heating–based temperature tendencies derived from the three-dimensional radar reflectivity data, where available. To further refine initial conditions for the convection-allowing HRRR model, a similar procedure is used in the HRRR, but without DFI. Both of these procedures, together called the “Radar-LHI” (latent heating initialization) technique, have been essential for initialization of ongoing precipitation systems, especially convective systems, within all NOAA operational versions of the 13-km RAP and 3-km HRRR models extending through the latest implementation upgrade at NCEP in 2020. Application of the latent heat–derived temperature tendency induces a vertical circulation with low-level convergence and upper-level divergence in precipitation systems. Retrospective tests of the Radar-LHI technique show significant improvement in short-range (0–6 h) precipitation system forecasts, as revealed by reflectivity verification scores. Results presented document the impact on HRRR reflectivity forecasts of the radar reflectivity initialization technique applied to the RAP alone, HRRR alone, and both the RAP and HRRR.

Significance Statement

The large forecast uncertainty of convective situations, even at short lead times, coupled with the hazardous weather they produce, makes convective storm prediction one of the most significant short-range forecast challenges confronting the operational numerical weather prediction community. Prediction of heavy precipitation events also requires accurate initialization of precipitation systems. An innovative assimilation technique using radar reflectivity data to initialize NOAA operational weather prediction models is described. This technique, which uses latent heating specified from radar reflectivity (and can accommodate lightning data and other convection/precipitation indicators), was first implemented in 2009 at NOAA/NCEP and continues to be used in 2022 in the NCEP-operational RAP and HRRR models, making it a backbone of the NOAA rapidly updated numerical weather prediction capability.
A Surgeon’s Guide to Artificial Intelligence-Driven Predictive Models
Authors: Hassan Abbas M. , Rajesh Aashish , Asaad Malke , Nelson Jonas A. , Coert J. Henk , Mehrara Babak J. , Butler Charles E.
Published: May 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) focuses on processing and interpreting complex information as well as identifying relationships and patterns among complex data. Artificial intelligence- and machine learning (ML)-driven predictions have shown promising potential in influencing real-time decisions and improving surgical outcomes by facilitating screening, diagnosis, risk assessment, preoperative planning, and shared decision-making. Fundamental understanding of the algorithms, as well as their development and interpretation, is essential for the evolution of AI in surgery. In this article, we provide surgeons with a fundamental understanding of AI-driven predictive models through an overview of common ML and deep learning algorithms, model development, performance metrics and interpretation. This would serve as a basis for understanding ML-based research, while fostering new ideas and innovations for furthering the reach of this emerging discipline.
Influence of hemp roving twist and fiber apparent parameters on the mechanical properties and water absorption of quasi-unidirectional composites
Authors: Lu Chao , Wang Chunhong , Salleh Kushairi Mohd , Zakaria Sarani , Chen Yasong , Tong Jianfeng , Deng Nanping , Zuo Qi , Yan Yuhuan
Published: May 2022

The finite length of natural fibers makes them frail and unable to perform and be engineered as excellent composite reinforcements. Hence, roving formations and weaving techniques have been employed to overcome these weaknesses and have been used as an alternative reinforcement in continuous quasi-unidirectional hemp composites (QUDHCs). Tensile, flexural, and water absorption tests were conducted on nine QUDHCs. It was concluded that adopting the warp consolidation weaving technique significantly improved the mechanical stability of the QUDHCs and negatively affected the water absorption properties. Nevertheless, adverse effects of a roving twist on the mechanical properties of QUDHCs were found when a 40 turn/m roving was used as the weft. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of QUDHCs were strongly dependent on the fiber quality produced after roving twists. The roving twists numbers affected the water absorption of QUDHCs in different ways when there is/no warp yarn interweaving with the roving in the preform. In contrast, the moisture rate gain increased with the increment of roving twists in the case of the warp yarn and weft roving interweaving in the preform. The results in this study highlight the feasibility of improving the mechanical and water absorption properties by hemp roving fiber formations and weaving techniques, which is beneficial for the textile-structure composite industry.
Understanding Teacher Self-Efficacy to Address Students’ Social-Emotional Needs in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Davis Cassandra R. , Baker Courtney N. , Osborn Jacqueline , Overstreet Stacy ,   the New Orleans Trauma-Informed Schools Learning Collaborative
Published: May 2022

Teachers are returning to schools during the COVID-19 pandemic under the weight of unprecedented stressors to engage a student body that has also experienced stress and trauma. In this study, we examined how confident 454 teachers (55% Black) from 41 charter schools in New Orleans, Louisiana, were in their ability to address students’ social-emotional needs upon their return to school. Results showed that Black teachers were more likely to report a greater sense of efficacy in addressing students’ needs. Both Black and White teachers identified the top three resources needed to assist students: mental health supports, trainings, and in-class resources.
Active Ingredients of Interventions Improving Smoking Cessation Support by Dutch Primary Care Providers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mergelsberg Enrique L. P. , de Ruijter Dennis , Crone Mathilde R. , Smit Eline S. , Hoving Ciska
Published: May 2022

The objective was to assess active ingredients, change mechanisms, and fidelity in interventions aiming to increase the quality of smoking cessation care in the Dutch primary healthcare setting. We conducted a systematic review searching five scientific databases on August 2nd, 2019, updated on October 28th, 2021. We included effect data of behavioural interventions aiming at improving the provision of smoking cessation support by Dutch primary care providers to their patients. We excluded studies published before 2000 and those without a behavioural support intervention for primary care providers targeting smoking cessation in their patients. We found 1939 articles and included 15 distinct interventions in the review. We provided an overview of study characteristics, intervention effects, fidelity, active ingredients and change mechanisms using the Behaviour Change Techniques (BCT) Taxonomy and Mechanisms of Action (MoAs) protocols. Interventions seemed more effective when including a face-to-face component, using active learning strategies and providing a tool to help follow the guidelines in practice (e.g., physical cards with information). BCTs, MoAs, and fidelity were overall poorly reported on. To support the application of smoking cessation practices in Dutch primary care, we recommend implementation of face-to-face training programs incorporating active skill training elements combined with practical tools.
Apalutamide or enzalutamide in castration-sensitive prostate cancer: a number needed to treat analysis
Authors: Santoni Matteo , Massari Francesco , Rizzo Alessandro , Mollica Veronica , Cimadamore Alessia , Montironi Rodolfo , Battelli Nicola
Published: May 2022

The treatment of castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) has been revolutionized by the advent of apalutamide and enzalutamide in this setting; however, a direct comparison between these agents is still missing. In the current paper, we performed both Number Needed to Treat (NNT) and Number Needed to Harm (NNH) analyses aimed to compare clinical outcomes in CSPC patients treated with apalutamide or enzalutamide; data from 3323 CSPC patients enrolled in the ARCHES, ENZAMET and TITAN phase III studies were included. According to our results, apalutamide showed better results in terms of overall survival (OS) and safety in patients with CSPC, while better outcomes were observed with enzalutamide in the low-volume subgroup.
Lower Extremity Injury Rates on Artificial Turf Versus Natural Grass Playing Surfaces: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gould Heath P. , Lostetter Stephen J. , Samuelson Eric R. , Guyton Gregory P.
Published: May 2022

Background:

No study has provided a comprehensive systematic review of sports injuries on artificial turf versus natural grass.

Purpose:

To comprehensively examine the risk of overall injuries and multiple types of lower extremity injuries across all sports, all levels of competition, and on both old-generation and new-generation artificial turf.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A systematic review of the English-language literature was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. All included articles compared overall injury rates or lower extremity (hip, knee, or foot and ankle) injury rates on artificial turf and natural grass. All sports, levels of competition, and turf types were included. Studies were excluded if they did not include overall injury rates or lower extremity injury rates. Because of the heterogeneity of the included studies, no attempt was made to aggregate risk ratios to conduct a quantitative meta-analysis.

Results:

A total of 53 articles published between 1972 and 2020 were identified for study inclusion. Most studies on new-generation turf (13/18 articles) found similar overall injury rates between playing surfaces. When individual anatomic injury locations were analyzed, the greatest proportion of articles reported a higher foot and ankle injury rate on artificial turf compared with natural grass, both with old-generation (3/4 articles) and new-generation (9/19 articles) turf. Similar knee and hip injury rates were reported between playing surfaces for soccer athletes on new-generation turf, but football players, particularly those at high levels of competition, were more likely to sustain a knee injury on artificial turf than on natural grass.

Conclusion:

The available body of literature suggests a higher rate of foot and ankle injuries on artificial turf, both old-generation and new-generation turf, compared with natural grass. High-quality studies also suggest that the rates of knee injuries and hip injuries are similar between playing surfaces, although elite-level football athletes may be more predisposed to knee injuries on artificial turf compared with natural grass. Only a few articles in the literature reported a higher overall injury rate on natural grass compared with artificial turf, and all of these studies received financial support from the artificial turf industry.
Association of baseline parameters with year 0 and year 1 acute exacerbations in male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Chang Yu-Ping , Chen Yu-Mu , Chang Ya-Chun , Liu Shih-Feng , Fang Wen-Feng , Chao Tung-Ying , Wu Chao-Chien , Chang Huang-Chih , Lin Meng-Chih , Chen Yung-Che
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Acute exacerbations (AEs) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can affect health status, hospitalization and readmission rates, and disease progression. This study aimed to identify independent markers associated with COPD AEs.

Methods

This study included male patients with COPD and collected data regarding their AEs and baseline clinical parameters.

Results

We included 149 male patients. Among them, 58 were included in the year 0 high-AE group and 91 in the low-AE group. Multivariate analysis revealed that the high-AE group had higher white blood cell count, lower serum albumin level, and post-bronchodilator (BD) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (%) with a combined receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of 0.721 ( p < 0.001). Additionally, 34 patients were included in the year 1 high-AE group and 70 in the low-AE group ( p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the high-AE group had higher platelet count, positive asthma history, and lower pre-BD FEV1 (%) with a combined ROC of 0.782 ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion

In male patients with COPD, baseline white blood cell count, albumin level, and post-BD FEV1 (%) were correlated with year 0 AE; on the other hand, baseline platelet count, positive asthma history, and pre-BD FEV1 (%) were associated with year 1 AE.
Anti-Racist Research Praxis: Feminist Relational Accountability and Arts-Based Reflexive Memoing for Qualitative Data Collection in Social Work Research
Authors: Mayor Christine
Published: May 2022

Largely absent from the feminist qualitative social work research literature are practical discussions about the ethics of white researchers who “study up” people and institutions of power. This methodological article grapples with how to conduct data collection from an anti-racist framework. I explore my use of an arts-based self-reflexive memoing process of embodied tableaux to inform my experimentations of rejecting “neutrality” when interviewing participants. I provide examples of disrupting white, patriarchal, and colonial norms during qualitative interviewing, including directly naming my whiteness and anti-racist stance; intentionally challenging the racism of white participants and deepening critical reflection; and viewing myself through a lens of critical skepticism to recognize when I was protecting whiteness or failing to effectively intervene. I conclude with an invitation to others to experiment with an anti-racist research praxis—an iterative process of self-reflexivity and relational accountability to reflect, theorize, and act differently during feminist social work research.
Can Lower Levels of Classroom Victimization be harmful? Healthy Context Paradox Among Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Xiong Yuke , Wang Yue , Wang Quanquan , Wang Hui , Ren Ping
Published: May 2022

The healthy context paradox is defined as the phenomenon that victims’ psychological adjustment worsens in a context with a lower rate of victimization. The unexpected pattern was primarily confirmed in children and adolescents from western societies, and it is unclear whether classroom-level victimization could moderate the link between peer victimization and psychological adjustment in the Chinese cultural context, where Confucian philosophies and collectivism are highly valued. Furthermore, most existing research used a single method to assess peer victimization. The current study attempted to examine classroom-level peer victimization as a moderator in the association between individual-level peer victimization and depression, self-esteem, and well-being among 2613 Chinese seventh graders (1237 girls, M age = 13.00±.61) from 47 classrooms ( M classroom size = 55.60, range from 45 to 65) using both self-reported and peer-reported information on peer victimization. At the individual level, the results revealed that both self- and peer-reported victimization were positively related to depression and negatively related to self-esteem and well-being. Most importantly, consistent with past findings documenting the healthy context paradox, self-reported victimized youth experienced a higher level of depression and lower level of self-esteem and well-being in classrooms where the overall level of victimization was relatively low. However, the healthy context paradox was not replicated in the nominated data of peer victimization. These results confirmed the healthy context paradox in Chinese culture to some extent. The findings emphasize the importance of measuring peer victimization from multiple sources and suggest there is a need for additional support to victimized middle school students where the classroom context was relatively healthy.
A novel proton exchange membrane derived from trisulfonated poly(arylene ether phosphine oxide) containing diphenyl ether moieties
Authors: Mao Songli , Wang Yajie , Kang Liqin , Liao Huiying , Liu Huiping
Published: May 2022

A series of novel trisulfonated phosphine oxide polymers (tsPEPO-x) with different sulfonation degrees were prepared by intermolecular polymerization of trisulfonated phosphine monomer and 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl ether. The properties of these membranes were investigated in detail. The results showed that these membranes, especially those with high sulfonation degree, exhibited excellent overall performance. For example, the conductivity of tsPEPO-120 membrane reaches 0.093 S cm−1 at 80°C, which is higher than that (0.087 S cm−1) of Nafion 117. At the same time, the swelling rate is almost equivalent to that (20%) of Nafion 117. Moreover, the membrane also has good oxidation resistance in Fenton’s reagent. The obtained polymers showed good properties. The trisulfonated moieties and diphenyl ether simultaneously played important roles in improving the properties of the polymer.
Efficient online motion planning method for the robotic arm to pick-up moving objects smoothly with temporal constraints
Authors: Wei Shimin , Liu Bo , Yao Mingfeng , Yu Xiuli , Tang Ling
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes a new efficient online motion planning method for the manipulator to grasp moving objects smoothly. The algorithm framework consists of front-end pathfinding and back-end nonlinear trajectory optimization. The sample-based pathfinding algorithm can predict the intersection location and find a safe initial path in the dynamic environment. The gradient-based continuous-time trajectory optimization method converts the Euclidean Signed Distance Field information into the joint space, uses the B-spline curve to represent the joint trajectories, optimizes the initial path using convex hull characteristics of B-spline, and generates a smooth and kinematics feasible trajectory in joint space. Finally, we use an adjustment method of iterative trajectory fragment length to guarantee kinodynamic feasibility. Simulation comparisons and real-world experiments verify our planning framework’s high performance.
Stability characteristics of Walter’s B viscoelastic fluid in a cylindrical configuration with heat transfer
Authors: Awasthi Mukesh Kumar , Dharamendra  , Yadav Dhananjay
Published: May 2022

The stability characteristics of the viscous fluid–viscoelastic fluid interface are investigated in a region confined by two rigid cylindrical surfaces. Walter’s B viscoelastic fluid is taken for the analysis and the fluid phases are transferring heat along with mass from one phase to the other. The gravitational acceleration effect is neglected and therefore, the interface is unstable due to surface tension. Using the linear stability analysis, the implicit expression for the critical wave number is derived analytically in terms of associated physical parameters and solved through the Newton–Raphson method. The various plots are made in terms of perturbations growth rate and critical wave number showing the behavior of flow variables. It is found that the instability of the interface decreases if the transfer of heat is increased. Walter’s B viscoelastic fluid interface is more unstable than the equivalent Newtonian fluid interface. The density of Walter’s B fluid resists the perturbation’s growth while viscoelasticity has an inverse effect.
Analysis of surface roughness and energy consumption in turning of C17500 copper alloy under different machining environments and modellings with response surface method
Authors: Çakıroğlu Ramazan , Günay Mustafa
Published: May 2022

The difficulties in machinability due to the developments in the technical properties of engineering materials increase the importance of machinability indicators such as surface quality, power or energy consumption and tool life in terms of sustainable machining. In this context, the machinability of a copper-beryllium alloy (C17500), which is used in a wide range of industries and also characterized as a hybrid material, was investigated in vortex tube cooling and dry cutting environments. First, turning experiments were performed with a coated carbide tool and varying cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. In the experiments, the total energy consumed during turning and the roughness of the machined surfaces were measured, and analysed experimentally and statistically. In the second stage, mathematical models were developed for the total energy consumption and average surface roughness for both cutting environments with the response surface method. As a result, the chip formation process in the turning of the Cu alloy under vortex tube cooling negatively affected the cutting power and positively contributed to the surface quality. Due to the fact that vortex tube cooling creates a cooling effect rather than lubrication, built-up layer/built-up edge (BUL/BUE) formation on the tool cutting edges caused the change in the tool geometry and thus the chip removal process became more difficult and increased the energy consumption. On the other hand, in the vortex tube cooling application, the surface roughness decreased by an average of 31.4% compared to dry cutting. Furthermore, the predictive mathematical models developed for the total energy consumption and the mean surface roughness can be used with high reliability.
Investigation of chatter prediction in end milling using morphological studies on aluminum alloy (Al6061)
Authors: Shaik Jakeer H , Mutra Rajasekhara R , Galal Ahmed M , Tanneeru Sinivasa R
Published: May 2022

Future machine tools have to be highly powerful systems to maintain the needed intellectual performance and stability. The machine tool systems such as Spindle/Tool-holder/Tool assembly are necessary to be optimized for their functionality or cutting performance to meet the productivity and accessibility requirements of the user. Prediction of the dynamic behavior at the spindle tool-tip is, therefore, an important criterion for assessing the machining stability of a machine tool at the design stage. In commercial practice, the machine tool system is extensively influenced by the dynamic rigidity of the spindle system. In this work, a realistic dynamic high-speed spindle/milling tool holder/tool system model is elaborated based on rotor dynamics predictions. Using the finite element modeling with the Timoshenko beam theory, the frequency response at the tool-tip has arrived initially. Further, the numerical model is validated with 3D ANSYS and experimental modal testing. The theoretical stability lobe diagram (SLD) depends on the stiffness and damping properties of the cutting tool and distinguishes the stable and unstable cutting conditions. The mechanism of chatter formation is investigated experimentally during the end milling of Aluminum alloy (Al6061) by two different techniques. Experimental cutting tests are conducted at different depths of cuts, the corresponding vibration signals and cutting samples are examined using the Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and optical microscope. These studies provide a detailed investigation to predict the stable and unstable cutting zones at different machining conditions.
Immunogenicity, safety, and antiphospholipid antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Signorelli Flavio , Balbi Gustavo Guimarães Moreira , Aikawa Nadia E , Silva Clovis A , Kupa Léonard de Vinci Kanda , Medeiros-Ribeiro Ana C , Yuki Emily FN , Pasoto Sandra G , Saad Carla GS , Borba Eduardo F , Seguro Luciana Parente Costa , Pedrosa Tatiana , Oliveira Vitor Antonio de Angeli , Costa Ana Luisa Cerqueira de Sant’Ana , Ribeiro Carolina T , Santos Roseli Eliana Beseggio , Andrade Danieli Castro Oliveira , Bonfá Eloisa
Published: May 2022

Objective

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has an increased risk of coagulopathy with high frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Recent reports of thrombosis associated with adenovirus-based vaccines raised concern that SARS-CoV-2 immunization in primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) patients may trigger clotting complications. Our objectives were to assess immunogenicity, safety, and aPL production in PAPS patients, after vaccinating with Sinovac-CoronaVac, an inactivated virus vaccine against COVID-19.

Methods

This prospective controlled phase-4 study of PAPS patients and a control group (CG) consisted of a two-dose Sinovac-CoronaVac (D0/D28) and blood collection before vaccination (D0), at D28 and 6 weeks after second dose (D69) for immunogenicity/aPL levels. Outcomes were seroconversion (SC) rates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG and/or neutralizing antibodies (NAb) at D28/D69 in naïve participants. Safety and aPL production were also assessed.

Results

We included 44 PAPS patients (31 naïve) and 132 CG (108 naïve) with comparable age ( p=0.982) and sex ( p>0.999). At D69, both groups had high and comparable SC (83.9% vs. 93.5%, p=0.092), as well as NAb positivity (77.4% vs. 78.7%, p=0.440), and NAb-activity (64.3% vs. 60.9%, p=0.689). Thrombotic events up to 6 months or other moderate/severe side effects were not observed. PAPS patients remained with stable aPL levels throughout the study at D0 vs. D28 vs. D69: anticardiolipin (aCL) IgG ( p=0.058) and IgM ( p=0.091); anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) IgG ( p=0.513) and IgM ( p=0.468).

Conclusion

We provided novel evidence that Sinovac-CoronaVac has high immunogenicity and safety profile in PAPS. Furthermore, Sinovac-CoronaVac did not trigger thrombosis nor induced changes in aPL production.
Reasonably Unreasonable: American Use of Force Jurisprudence and Police Impunity
Authors: Triola Anthony M
Published: May 2022

This paper tracks Use of Force jurisprudence from the seminal cases of Graham v. Connor and Tennessee v. Garner to our contemporary moment. I am interested here in assessing the evolving meaning of “reasonableness” over time, especially as it relates to legal mechanisms such as qualified immunity which enable agents of the state to utilize excessive force with impunity. The logic of these cases is contextualized against the contemporary moment of reckoning with the realities of state-sanctioned anti-black violence, something from which a theory of reasonability cannot be cleanly separated.
Sustainable Customer Retention: A Study on Social Media Marketing Activities, Brand Equity and Smartphone Purchase Intention among Generation Y
Authors: Nawi Noorshella Binti Che , Mamun Abdullah Al , Hayat Naeem , Mohiuddin Muhammad
Published: May 2022

This study looked into the social media marketing activities (customization, electronic word of mouth, entertainment, information richness, interactions and trendiness) for a mobile brand that led to consumer-level brand equity, relationship equity and value equity. These consumer-level equities facilitate generating the intention to purchase a mobile brand. This study adopted a cross-sectional design and collected quantitative rata from a total of 288 respondents through an online survey. This study used partial least squares structural equation modelling to test the associations hypothesized. The outcomes indicated that electronic word of mouth, information richness and trendiness significantly influenced brand and relationship equities among the study sample. Meanwhile, customization, electronic word of mouth and information richness significantly influenced mobile value equity. Additionally, brand, relationship and value equities significantly influenced the intention to purchase a mobile brand. Brand equity of the mobile significantly mediated the relationship between trendiness and purchase intention. Similarly, relationship equity significantly mediated the correlations of information richness and trendiness with purchase intention. Customization and electronic word of mouth were significantly mediated by value equity for the intention to purchase a mobile brand. Apparently, brand and relationship equities emerged as the most significant contributors to purchasing a mobile brand.
COVID-19 and Mass Media Education: An Evaluation of the Transition from Brick-and-Mortar Learning to Virtual Space
Authors: Nyarko Jacob , Serwornoo Michael Yao Wodui
Published: May 2022

Using mixed-method approach and technology acceptance model (TAM)/diffusion of innovation theory (DOIT), this study evaluates the challenges and opportunities of COVID-19 driven virtual learning in undergraduate media programmes at Ghanaian public universities. A survey of 270 was sampled composed of 250 students and 20 lecturers and revealed that commitment from both lecturers and students towards virtual instruction is weak. We also found that lecturers and students were not consulted about the learning platforms the universities chose, and they had no orientation on their usage. However, some participants argue that virtual learning is crucial to media studies going forward and by these; we propose a blended learning approach that merges the physical and virtual spaces of instruction in a framework termed CHALLOPP workflow.
Suffering and sense of self: The tension between reflection and experience—The case of depression
Authors: Gaete María Isabel
Published: May 2022

The tension between reflection and experience has been highlighted by Buddhism as the origin of human suffering, described as an undercurrent and constant feelings of restlessness, grasping, anxiety, and dissatisfaction or disease. This universal suffering experience called Dukkha refers to the failure to find a Self in reflection or the frustrated desire or craving to have or to be something. For Buddhism, not only the desired object is illusory, but so is the desiring self. Further, Varela et al. (1993) integrate these ideas into the development of cognitive sciences and the understanding of human experience from an embodied and selfless mind perspective. The present article attempts to apply the Buddhist notion of suffering or Dukkha along with Varela, Thompson, and Rosch’s contributions to the understanding of the embodied sense of Self that characterizes symptoms of Depression. The expression of the self-grasping suffering experiences and the tension between reflection and experience for depressive patients will be discussed from an enacted and embodied perspective. Further, new research ideas along with possible new psychotherapeutic approaches are discussed.
Petite term traffic flow prediction using deep learning for augmented flow of vehicles
Authors: Indumathi J , Kaliraj V
Published: May 2022

An Intelligent Transport System (ITS) model that is contingent on the compulsion and expertise of the Traffic Prediction System in the contemporary urban context is proposed in this paper. Deep Learning (DL) is computationally becoming comfortable to train and set as many hyperparameters automatically as possible. The researchers and practitioners crave to set as many hyperparameters inevitably as possible in the DL. To be a great enabler, ITS has to find suitable solutions to issues like—alert on live time traffic information to interested parties along with facility to retrieve on demand the long-term statistical data, reduce the middling waiting time for commuters, offer protected, consistent, value-added services, control with vitality the signal timing based on the traffic flow etc., All these limitations call for instant attention. Among all the listed issues the problems like the sharp nonlinearities due to changeovers amid free flow, breakdown, retrieval and congestion. The contributions in this paper are as follows: (i) Adopt an ascendable approach to kindle the scarce information formed; (ii) Exploit the attention mechanism to exterminate the disadvantages of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) methods for traffic prediction; (iii) Suggest a new fusion smoothing model; (iv) Investigating, developing, and utilizing the Bayesian contextual bandits; (v) Recommend a Linear model based on LSTM, in combo with Bayesian contextual bandits. The travel speed prediction is done by LSTM. The results authenticate that the proposed model can adeptly achieve the goal of developing a system. The proposed model is definitely the best solution to overcome the issues.
A Comprehensive Review of PCSK9 Inhibitors
Authors: Coppinger Caroline , Movahed Mohammad Reza , Azemawah Veronica , Peyton Lee , Gregory James , Hashemzadeh Mehrnoosh
Published: May 2022

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. A major risk factor for this condition is increased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels for which statins have been successful in reducing serum LDL-C to healthy concentrations. However, patients who are statin intolerant or those who do not achieve their treatment goals while on high-intensity statin therapy, such as those with familial hypercholesterolemia, remain at risk. With the discovery of PCSK9 inhibitors, the ability to provide more aggressive treatment for patients with homozygous and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia has increased. Ezetimibe reduces LDL-C by 15%-20% when combined with statin. 2 , 3 Protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have been found to achieve profound reductions in LDL-C (54%-74%) when added to statins. They have shown dramatic effects at lowering major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in high-risk patients 4 with LDL-C levels ≥70 mg/dL and can be used in populations that are statin intolerant or not at goal levels with maximally tolerated statin therapy. PCSK9 inhibitors also produce minimal side effects. Myopathy, a common side effect for patients on statins, has been rare in patients on PCSK9 inhibitors. Randomized trials have shown that reduction in LDL-C has translated to clinical benefits even in patients who have not achieved their LDL-C target.
Trousseau’s syndrome in a non-small cell lung cancer patient aggravated by pembrolizumab
Authors: Zhao Lihong , Zheng Hong , Zhu Liqin , Jiang Ping
Published: May 2022

Introduction

We present a case of Trousseau’s syndrome in a non-small cell lung cancer patient recurrently aggravated by pembrolizumab. The adverse events related to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on thrombogenesis remain unclear.

Case report

A 48-year-old woman was diagnosed with right lung adenocarcinoma (cT1bN3M1a, IVA) and with programmed cell death-1 positive. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple asymptomatic bilateral cerebral infarctions as Trousseau’s syndrome. After the patient was administered pembrolizumab, bilateral cerebral infarctions were aggravated.

Management and outcome

Although the patient was given prophylactic anticoagulant therapy respectively before two doses of pembrolizumab, Trousseau’s syndrome still aggravated recurrently.

Discussion

Trousseau’s syndrome is rarely reported following the administration of ICIs. It is possible that pembrolizumab may trigger disorders of the coagulation–fibrinolysis system in cancer patients.
Rapid Superficial Vein Assessment (RaSuVA): A pre-procedural systematic evaluation of superficial veins to optimize venous catheterization in neonates
Authors: D’Andrea Vito , Prontera Giorgia , Pezza Lucilla , Barone Giovanni , Vento Giovanni , Pittiruti Mauro
Published: May 2022

Background:

Placement of peripheral intra-venous cannulas and epicutaneo-caval catheters is routinely performed in in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and both devices require visible superficial veins easy to cannulate. NICU patients are intrinsically characterized by poor and fragile vein asset, so that puncture and cannulation of superficial veins is often a challenge even for trained clinicians and cannulation frequently results in a stressful, painful, difficult procedure.

Methods and results:

Rapid Superficial Vein Assessment is meant to offer a systematic pre-procedural evaluation of all superficial veins of the newborn, so to allow a rational choice of the best insertion site, tailored on the single patient, and optimized for the specific type of venous access device. The superficial veins are examined systematically, both with and without NIR technology, exploring seven skin areas in the following order: (1) medial malleolus, (2) lateral malleolus, (3) retro-popliteal fossa, (4) back of the hand and wrist, (5) antecubital fossa, (6) anterior scalp surface, and (7) posterior scalp surface.

Conclusions:

The aim of the protocol is to increase the first attempt success rate and reduce the duration of the procedure, the number of attempts for single patient and possibly to limit complications, stress, and pain in neonates.