bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transforming Informed Consent Generation Using Large Language Models: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Shi Qiming , Luzuriaga Katherine , Allison Jeroan J , Oztekin Asil , Faro Jamie M , Lee Joy L , Hafer Nathaniel , McManus Margaret , Zai Adrian H
Published: January 2025

Background

Informed consent forms (ICFs) for clinical trials have become increasingly complex, often hindering participant comprehension and engagement due to legal jargon and lengthy content. The recent advances in large language models (LLMs) present an opportunity to streamline the ICF creation process while improving readability, understandability, and actionability.

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Mistral 8x22B LLM in generating ICFs with improved readability, understandability, and actionability. Specifically, we evaluate the model’s effectiveness in generating ICFs that are readable, understandable, and actionable while maintaining the accuracy and completeness.

Methods

We processed 4 clinical trial protocols from the institutional review board of UMass Chan Medical School using the Mistral 8x22B model to generate key information sections of ICFs. A multidisciplinary team of 8 evaluators, including clinical researchers and health informaticians, assessed the generated ICFs against human-generated counterparts for completeness, accuracy, readability, understandability, and actionability. Readability, Understandability, and Actionability of Key Information indicators, which include 18 binary-scored items, were used to evaluate these aspects, with higher scores indicating greater accessibility, comprehensibility, and actionability of the information. Statistical analysis, including Wilcoxon rank sum tests and intraclass correlation coefficient calculations, was used to compare outputs.

Results

LLM-generated ICFs demonstrated comparable performance to human-generated versions across key sections, with no significant differences in accuracy and completeness (P>.10). The LLM outperformed human-generated ICFs in readability (Readability, Understandability, and Actionability of Key Information score of 76.39% vs 66.67%; Flesch-Kincaid grade level of 7.95 vs 8.38) and understandability (90.63% vs 67.19%; P=.02). The LLM-generated content achieved a perfect score in actionability compared with the human-generated version (100% vs 0%; P<.001). Intraclass correlation coefficient for evaluator consistency was high at 0.83 (95% CI 0.64-1.03), indicating good reliability across assessments.

Conclusions

The Mistral 8x22B LLM showed promising capabilities in enhancing the readability, understandability, and actionability of ICFs without sacrificing accuracy or completeness. LLMs present a scalable, efficient solution for ICF generation, potentially enhancing participant comprehension and consent in clinical trials.
Targeting Toll-like receptor 4 and microbiota dysregulation: a new frontier in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease management
Authors: Kvit K.B.
Published: January 2025

Background. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a widespread chronic liver condition affecting nearly a quarter of the global population. It encompasses a spectrum of disorders, ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, often associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Emerging evidence underscores the critical role of gut microbiota dysbiosis and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation in the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. Gut-derived lipopolysaccharides activate TLR4, initiating inflammatory cascades that exacerbate liver injury. This study purposed to evaluate the relationship between gut microbiota composition, TLR4 levels, and biochemical markers in NAFLD and to assess the efficacy of microbiome-targeted therapy in modulating these factors. Materials and methods. The study included 152 patients with NAFLD and 47 control participants without liver steatosis. NAFLD diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound, steatometry, and the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors. Microbiota composition was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and TLR4 levels were measured in serum samples. Patients with NAFLD underwent a microbiome-targeted therapy consisting of rifaximin, probiotics, and essential phospholipids over 12 weeks. Biochemical, microbiota, and inflammatory markers were assessed before and after treatment. Statistical analyses included t-tests and correlation analysis to explore associations between microbiota, TLR4, and biochemical parameters. Results. Patients with NAFLD exhibited significant gut microbiota changes, characterized by an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and elevated Actinobacteria levels compared to controls. TLR4 levels were significantly higher in the NAFLD group, correlating positively with liver function tests and systemic inflammatory markers. Following microbiome-targeted therapy, patients demonstrated a substantial reduction in TLR4 levels, improved liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase), decreased HOMA-IR index, and enhanced gut microbiota composition. Notably, the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth decreased from 51 to 20 %. Conclusions. The findings emphasize the critical role of gut microbiota dysbiosis and TLR4 activation in the progression of NAFLD. Microbiome-targeted therapy proved effective in reducing TLR4-driven inflammation, improving metabolic and liver function, and normalizing dysbiotic microbial profiles, supporting the use of microbiota-focused interventions in NAFLD management.
Studying red cell distribution width in Iraqi persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Najaf City: a case-control study
Authors: Hussein Alaasam Maysam Riyadh Mohammed , Abbas Al-buthabhak Karrar Mohammed , Mech Ahmed , Hussein Shamim Riadh Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Background. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a parameter measured routinely in standard blood cell counts, reflecting the variability in red cell size and volume. Numerous studies have identified a significant correlation between RDW and various health disorders, including cardiovascular diseases, malignancies, obesity, and chronic kidney diseases. Purpose: to study red cell distribution width in Iraqi persons with type 2 diabetes and assess its role in providing clinical information about glycemic control. Materials and methods. This case-control study included 300 participants, 150 Iraqi persons with type 2 diabetes (77 female and 73 male) in Najaf City, and 150 healthy controls (79 female and 71 male). Age, weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, complete blood count, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and C-reactive protein levels were assessed. In patients with diabetes, disease duration, medications, and complications were recorded. People with a history of anemia, renal failure, heart disease, hypertension, thyroid disorder, pregnancy, and conditions leading to chronic inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy, were excluded from the study. Results. RDW was significantly higher in people with diabetes (14.77 ± 3.56) than in healthy controls (12.19 ± 1.10), p < 0.0001. In the diabetes group, no statistically significant correlation was noted between RDW and disease duration (p = 0.143). RDW was strongly and directly associated with HbA1c and C-reactive protein levels (p < 0.0001 and р = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions. RDW was higher in people with type 2 diabetes than in healthy controls. RDW levels are affected by glycemic control because a higher HbA1c level is associated with a higher RDW. Thus, RDW can be considered a marker of glycemic control in clinical practice.
The role of endogenous insulin in patients with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Dronov O.I. , Kovalska I.O. , Ivanets T.Yu. , Kozachuk Ye.S. , Levchenko L.V. , Stasiuk U.V.
Published: January 2025

Background. Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the exocrine part of the pancreas, accompanied by various complications and further development of necrosis of the gland and parapancreatic tissue with possible secondary infection. The study of experimental models shows that the acinar cells surrounding the islets of Langerhans remain relatively intact, indicating that endogenous insulin is a protective factor for the pancreatic parenchyma. The purpose of the study was to determine the dependence of endogenous insulin levels on the extent of pancreatic parenchymal damage. Materials and methods. Prospective analysis of endogenous insulin levels in 51 patients with acute pancreatitis. Results. Comparison of the mean values of endogenous insulin revealed that in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis, the median value was statistically significantly lower than in patients without pancreatic necrosis (p < 0.001). Moreover, in pancreatic necrosis, the determined level of endogenous insulin did not exceed 9 mcIU/ml and in 7 (13.7 %) patients, insulin was below the reference values. ROC analysis showed that low endogenous insulin is a risk factor for pancreatic necrosis. The threshold value of endogenous insulin, at which pancreatic necrosis was most often diagnosed, was determined, cut-off value of 5.3 mcIU/ml, AUC of 0.96 (95% CI 0.92–1.00) (sensitivity 91.89 % (95% CI 78.09–98.3 %), specificity 71.43 % (95% CI 41.9–91.61 %), PPV 89.47 % (95% CI 78.69–95.14 %), NPV 76.92 % (95% CI 51.74–91.2 %)). Conclusions. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean insulin values depending on the volume and location of pancreatic parenchymal damage (p < 0.001). In patients without pancreatic necrosis, endogenous insulin was statistically significantly higher than in those with pancreatic necrosis (p < 0.001). Binomial logistic regression analysis showed that the development of pancreatic necrosis in patients with acute pancreatitis significantly depended on the values of endogenous insulin at hospitalization. The level of endogenous insulin may be an additional indicator of the acute pancreatitis severity and the formation of necrotic changes in the pancreatic tissue, which will allow for correct initiation of treatment.
Relationships between diabetes distress and biomarkers in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pankiv V.I. , Yuzvenko T.Yu. , Mykhalchyshyn G.P.
Published: January 2025

Background. Patients with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) experience high levels of stress (stressful events and perceived stress) and psychological distress (symptoms of depression and anxiety) compared to people without diabetes. High levels of chronic and perceived stress in people with T1DM are associated with poor glycemic control. The relationship between perceived stress and glycemic control appears to be most pronounced in adults who are likely to experience disproportionate amounts of stress. The purpose of this study was to consider factors that may negatively impact glycemic levels in people with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. Perceived stress, diabetes distress, morning salivary cortisol, inflammatory biomarkers, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured in this quantitative, cross-sectional phase of a larger, mixed methods research. People with T1DM completed self-report surveys, provided blood and salivary samples to examine effect sizes of relationships among variables of interest. Results. Most people with T1DM did not adhere to recommendations for HbA1c. Reports of diabetes distress were strongly associated with reports of perceived stress and demonstrated a large and potentially clinically meaningful relationship (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). Medium-to-large effects were noted between perceived stress and HbA1c. Cortisol and IL-8 may mediate the relationship between perceived stress and HbA1c in people with T1DM. Patients who provided salivary samples had lower average HbA1c levels (M = 8.55, SD = 1.54) than those who did not (M = 10.96, SD = 2.53). Of the inflammatory biomarkers, only IL-8 was associated with HbA1c levels with a moderate effect size (r = 0.351). Exploratory analysis also revealed that IL-8 may mediate the relationship between perceived stress and HbA1c. Conclusions. Understanding the causes of elevated glycemic levels in T1DM patients may help tailor diabetes management interventions to improve health outcomes.
The efficacy of cholecalciferol in the comprehensive treatment of patients with autoimmune diabetes
Authors: Pashkovska N.V. , Tsaryk I.O.
Published: January 2025

Background. Vitamin D deficiency is a global issue negatively affecting the course of autoimmune diabetes, including classical type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). Vitamin D plays a vital role in immune response regulation, maintaining β-cell function of the pancreas, and metabolic balance. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of adding cholecalciferol at a dose of 20,000 IU (once weekly for 3 months) to standard therapy to improve the metabolic status of patients with T1DM and LADA. Materials and methods. A total of 72 patients participated in the study: 36 with T1DM and 36 with LADA. They were divided into subgroups depending on the treatment received: basic therapy or basic therapy with vitamin D supplementation. A comprehensive evaluation of carbohydrate metabolism indicators (fasting glycemia, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, insulin, and C-peptide levels), autoimmune activity (antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (antiGAD)), and lipid profile was conducted before and after treatment. Results. The addition of vitamin D to therapy significantly increased serum 25(OH)D levels, ensuring a substantial improvement in metabolic status of patients. In groups receiving supplemental cholecalciferol, there was a notable reduction in fasting glucose levels, HbА1с, HOMA-IR, and antiGAD titers, indicating a positive impact on glycemic control and a decrease in autoimmune activity. Additionally, patients receiving vitamin D exhibited improvements in lipid metabolism, including decreased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Particularly significant was an increase in C-peptide levels observed in patients with LADA, reflecting enhanced β-cell function in the pancreas. This effect may be related to the reduction in autoimmune activity as well as the anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin D, which contribute to the maintenance of β-cells and their ability to secrete insulin. The study confirms the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D: reducing autoimmune inflammation, impro­ving insulin sensitivity, normalizing lipid profiles, and supporting β-cell function. Conclusions. The findings highlight the importance of monitoring and correcting vitamin D levels in patients with T1DM and LADA, particularly in the presence of deficiency. The above data could be used to optimize therapeutic approaches and reduce the risk of complications in this patient population.
Determination of Wheat Evapotranspiration using the Earth Engine Evapotranspiration Flux (EEFLUX)
Authors: Pandey Vishal , Kadam S.A. , Gorantiwar S.D. , Shinde M.G.
Published: January 2025

In this study an automated Earth Engine Evapotranspiration Flux (EEFlux) was used to produce actual evapotranspiration (ETa) estimates for rabi wheat, compared against the FAO-56 approach using ground-measured weather data. Eight cloud-free Landsat images from the 2020-2021 rabi season were processed in METRIC-EEFlux, producing ETa values ranging from 0.95 mm to 4.07 mm, with an average of 2.41 mm. Conversely, the FAO-56 method estimated ETa values between 0.64 mm and 4.80 mm, averaging 2.58 mm. Cumulative ETa for wheat was 290 mm (EEFlux) and 336 mm (FAO-56). The comparison showed moderate agreement (IA = 0.67), with EEFlux underestimating by 13.69% relative to FAO-56. EEFlux-ETa had an RMSE of 0.93 mm/day and NRMSE of 0.33. The findings suggest that EEFlux can achieve more accurate ET estimates with frequent satellite imagery, improved weather data, and automated ETrF adjustments, necessitating further validation across multiple years to confirm its general applicability.
Programmed Cell Death Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Mahdi Shams Salah , Al-Kennany Entisar Raheem
Published: January 2025

Objectives: By studying hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis, this study aims to provide an understanding for the mechanism of various liver diseases and thus drug development.
Methods: Oxidative stress was experimentally induced in rats through daily oral administration of 1% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 15 and 30 days, leading to liver injury characterized by cell death of hepatocytes, particularly in the centrilobular region.
Results: This study aimed to investigate the role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of H2O2-induced hepatic injury. Apoptotic hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were identified and quantified using light microcopy. Liver sections revealed characteristic apoptotic changes, including a honeycomb appearance, cellular shrinkage, nuclear condensation and fragmentation, apoptotic body formation and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by neighboring cells. The number of apoptotic cells was positively correlated with the duration of H2O2 exposure (15 and 30 days). Ultrastructural analysis showed liver injury marked by mitochondrial swelling, cristae lysis, fragmentation of the endoplasmic reticulum and disruption of cytoplasmic structures. Additionally, rats treated with H2O2 exhibited a significant reduction in hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels compared to control.
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that apoptosis plays a significant role in the pathological process underlying liver injury induced by oxidative stress mediated by H2O2.
Pengaruh Penambahan Buah dan Daun Kelor dalam Bentuk Tepung Ke Dalam Konsentrat Terhadap Respon Fisiologis Kambing Kacang Betina
Authors: Zaenal Zaenal , Naser Abdullah , Hamid Padang , Mustafa Mustafa , Wulan Wulan , Nirwana Nirwana , Riandhana Taufiq Eka
Published: January 2025

Salah satu permasalahan utama dalam upaya pemeliharaan ternak adalah keterbatasan pakan atau rendahnya kualitas pakan yang diberikan kepada ternak. Sebagaimana diketahui bahwa Indonesia merupakan negara tropis yang memiliki 2 musim yaitu musim kemarau dan musim hujan. Saat musim hujan tiba, ketersediaan pakan mungkin melimpah di alam, namun memasuki musim kemarau ketersediaan pakan secara alami juga akan berkurang disertai dengan penurunan kualitas pakan. Menyikapi permasalahan tersebut, tentunya diperlukan sebuah upaya untuk menjaga kondisi ternak khususnya ternak kambing agar kebutuhan nutrisinya tetap tercukupi baik untuk kebutuhan hidup pokok maupun untuk kebutuhan produksinya. Salah satu tanaman yang cukup populer dikalangan masyarakat Indonesia khususnya kota Palu adalah tanaman kelor (Moringa Oliefera). Berdasarkan uji fitokimia yang dilakukan oleh Putra dkk (2016), daun kelor memiliki kandungan senyawa kimia seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolat, triterpenoid/ steroid, dan tanin yang berfungsi sebagai obat kanker dan antibakteri. Peneltian dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Boyaoge Kecamatan Tatanga pada bulan maret 2023. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu dengan pembuatan rancob bahan pakan dan hasil yang ditemui yaitu penambahan buah dan daun kelor dalam bentuk tepung ke dalam konsentrat terhadap respon fisiologis kambing Kacang betina nda berbeda nyata.
Assessment of Yield Parameters in M3-Generation of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Treated with Different Concentrations of EMS
Authors: Waseem Uddin MD , Kumar G. Vijay , Naik K. Srinivas
Published: January 2025

The present study was conducted from February, 2023 to July, 2023 at Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana (500007), India. Which involves two chickpea genotypes IC265291 (V1) and IC265298 (V2) which were obtained from NBPGR, New Delhi. The aim of the study is effect of different concentrations of EMS (Ethyl Methyl Sulfonate) on the yield parameters of chickpea plants in M3 generation. Uniform and and healthy seeds were selected and they were treated with various concentrations (0.1%, to 0.6%) of EMS. The EMS-treated seeds were sown in the field at CPMB (Centre for Plant Molecular Biology), Osmania University, Hyderabad. Various Quantitative traits in the M3 generation were studied. From the ANOVA results, it is evident that the difference in the mean values is highly significant due to the treatment of all the characters which indicates that there is an ample genetic variability in the genotypes. In between (IC265291 & IC265298) the genotypes in consideration, the yield parameters were shown higher by the genotype IC265298 than IC265291in M3 generation and from the data it is also evident that, as the concentration of EMS is increased, the mean values of yield parameters increased initially but further increase in the EMS concentration leads to decrease in the mean values of quantitative characters. It has been observed that the 0.2% EMS-treated seeds and 0.3% EMS-treated seeds showed the highest mean values for considered quantitative traits in M3 generation. These identified mutants may be used further in crop improvement programmes of chickpeas.
Art Therapy In Expressing Emotions And Managing Stress Among Students: Interactive Approach
Authors: Haryati Asti , Hamzah Syukri , Dharmayana I Wayan
Published: January 2025

This study examines the effectiveness of Art Therapy as an intervention in managing stress and expressing emotions in students. By using the mixed methods method, the research population was carried out on 3rd Semester Guidance and Counseling students at UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu, totaling 92 people. And the research sample used in the experimental group and control group was 20 people. this study involved experimental groups that received art therapy sessions and control groups that did not receive interventions. Stress and emotional scale are measured before and after intervention. The results show that the experimental group experienced a significant decrease in stress levels and increased emotional control compared to the control group. Art Therapy has proven to be an effective approach to improving students' mental well-being, providing self-expression media, and supporting stress management. These findings highlight the potential integration of art therapy in university counselling services to support student mental health.
Process Optimisation for Time Series Interviews and Digital Scoring in Medical Dental Recruitment and Selection for NHS-England
Authors: Kropmans Thomas , Neverauskaité Gabia , Fort Kylee , Martinez Alana , Atkinson Chad , Cunningham David , Stankieiev Mykola
Published: January 2025

The paper focuses on how the efficiency and effectiveness of the Video Interviewing and Digital Scoring (VIDS) system in the NHS recruitment process could be improved. VIDS enables remote participation, reducing logistical costs and providing real-time feedback. However, its implementation is resource-intensive, necessitating significant technical support. The study focuses on optimising the VIDS process, particularly through the standardisation and automation of scoring to ensure consistency and reduce human error. Adopted in 2012, Multiple Mini Interviews (MMIs) were enhanced in 2023 by VIDS, allowing candidates to participate remotely, thus minimising the need for physical assessment centres. The pilot phase of VIDS demonstrated high user satisfaction but highlighted the need for continuous technical support. The study outlines methods for optimising this support, such as diagnostic tools, bypass procedures and streamlined technical assistance. The results confirm that these optimisations contributed to a more efficient recruitment process. While VIDS offers clear benefits, the paper emphasises the necessity of ongoing support and refinement to maximise its effectiveness in future NHS recruitment efforts.
Class III Malocclusion Treated with an Orthopedic Protraction Face Mask During Mixed Dentition, Followed by Invisalign Aligners to Correct Anterior Crossbite Occurring after Relapse During Adolescence
Authors: García-López Salvador , Villanueva Arriaga Rosina Eugenia
Published: January 2025

An eight-year-old male patient presented with a class III malocclusion on a skeletal class III pattern with an average lower face height, an anterior crossbite, slightly anterior lower crowding, and good oral hygiene; the parents were concerned about his crossbite. The aim of treatment was to correct the anteroposterior discrepancy by using a face mask during the 12-month mixed dentition period, during which the patient achieved a good result. However, after seven years of retention, the patient presented an anterior crossbite with a skeletal class I pattern and an average lower face height. He decided to wear clear aligners for treatment; 28 sets of clear aligners, which were changed every two weeks for twelve months, were necessary to achieve anterior crossbite correction.
High-Fidelity Simulation in Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia: An Interventional Study
Authors: El Mouatarif Fatimaazzahra , Bennour Zineb , Al Jalil Zineb , Chahbouni Mohammed , Mouhaoui Mohammed , Elarabi Samira
Published: January 2025

Background: Traditional lecturing has been the most frequently used method for teaching Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia for years. However, it been criticized for its limited effectiveness in achieving students’ learning outcomes. Simulation-based training offers dental students a ‘real’ hands-on experience in a safe and effective learning environment. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of simulation in the process of learning dental treatment under general anesthesia.
Design: Simulation sessions of dental care under general anesthesia were organized for 33 post graduate dental students. The effectiveness of the simulation sessions was measured by comparing the level of knowledge of the group exposed to simulation with that of the students who were not. Student satisfaction was measured by means of a questionnaire administered at the end of the session.
Conclusion: For the exposed group, the average score was significantly higher after simulation (p < 0.001). The difference in the average scores of the two groups was significant (P = 0.024). This study confirm that simulation-based training may offer excellent opportunities for learners to increase patient safety, improve their clinical competence and confidence Integrating simulations into dental curricula is necessary in order to provide students with the opportunity to practice safe dental care in a safe and realistic learning environment.
ОСНОВЫ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КВАНТОВОЙ ОПТИКИ
Authors: Зарипов Нияз
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматриваются основы и применения квантовой оптики,
включая исследования квантовой когерентности, квантовых камертона и лазеров.
Обсуждаются теоретические модели, экспериментальные методы и ключевые достижения в
области. Обзор литературы освещает последние достижения в квантовой фотонике и
связанных технологиях. Выводы подчеркивают потенциал квантовой оптики в создании
новых технологий, таких как квантовые компьютеры, сенсоры и коммуникационные
системы.
Proof of the incompleteness of wave quantum mechanics. Second part.
Authors: Джомирзоев Субхон
Published: January 2025

As a result of identifying the corpuscular-wave quantities (CWQ) of a non-relativistic electron (NE) as quantities associated with the equation of motion of wave quantum mechanics (WQM),it was discovered that WQM in reality is corpuscular-wave mechanics (CWM)and the fundamental differences between WQM and classical Newtonian mechanics (CNM) were established, and also, the possibility of creating analogies of WQM and CNM is indicated.
Вибрационная теория времени. Многослойная структура поля
Authors: Вусатая Наталия
Published: January 2025

Целью данного исследования является разработка и формулирование вибрационной, нелинейной теории времени, которая рассматривает время как многослойную структуру поля, зависящего от взаимодействий между временными и пространственными вибрациями. Данная теория стремится расширить современное понимание природы времени, его свойств и влияния на материю и энергию, а также создать новую парадигму для изучения времени в рамках квантовой физики и общей теории относительности. Исследование направлено на разработку модели, которая позволят анализировать временные слои и вибрации и оценивать их роль в явлениях, связанных с гравитацией, квантовыми процессами и энергетическими взаимодействиями.
Slip Bands at the Tips of Narrow Slot in Brazilian Notched Disk – Plane Deformation
Authors: Kazberuk Andrzej
Published: January 2025

Using the method of singular integral equations, the elastic-plastic problem for notched Brazilian disk at plane deformation state was solved. Based on Dugdale model the relationships between load, notch tip opening displacement and the length of the slip bands was established. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed method for practical applications in engineering, particularly in the assessment of structural integrity under various loading conditions.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Resource Management: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Directions
Authors: Zawada Marcin
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is fundamentally transforming human resource management (HRM) by automating processes, improving efficiency, and reshaping organizational dynamics. This study examines the multifaceted impacts of AI on HRM, focusing on its potential to enhance employee productivity and streamline operations. While AI introduces significant opportunities, including better candidate-job matching and predictive workforce analytics, it also presents challenges such as ethical concerns, potential biases, and the displacement of certain job roles. The analysis is grounded in current scientific research and practical applications, highlighting the dual role of AI as both an enabler of innovation and a source of ethical and operational dilemmas. By addressing these complexities, the study aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on how AI can be effectively integrated into HRM practices to achieve sustainable organizational growth.
Mechanical Properties of Chromium Steel Drills in the Context of Durability and Safety of Use
Authors: Bałaga Zbigniew , Opydo Michał , Dudek Agata , Lisiecka Barbara
Published: January 2025

This article presents the research results on the influence of heat treatment of chromium steel, used in the production of drill bits, on their mechanical properties and operational safety. The analyses revealed that the steel used in manufacturing the studied drill bit underwent hardening and tempering processes, which affected its structure and hardness. The presence of tempered martensite and manganese sulfides was observed, which, although not having a destructive impact on the steel’s properties, may limit the formation of undesirable iron sulfides. Additionally, a layer with reduced hardness was identified on the working surface of the drill bit, suggesting the possibility of tool overheating during operation. During the tool’s use, complex mechanical stresses, such as torsional, compressive, and bending stresses, may accumulate in areas prone to damage, especially at the interface between the tooth and the drill bit shank. The article emphasizes the importance of proper tool usage, including adjusting pressure and drilling angle and maintaining optimal operational conditions to ensure safety and durability. The research findings aim to enhance workplace safety and improve the performance of cutting tools in materials engineering.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Hungarian Freight Transport
Authors: Huszárik Erika Seres , Mura Ladislav , Farkas Iván Zsolt
Published: January 2025

The logistics and transport sector has experienced unprecedented growth over the past decade. It is one of the most dynamically developing business sectors. The unexpected pandemic crisis had a severe impact on the business activities of various entities, significantly affecting not only the existence of business entities but also their business success. The goal of the present research was to examine the emergence and impact of COVID-19, with a particular focus on the logistics sector, primarily transport activities. The study is addressing freight transport in Hungary, using a questionnaire survey that included the participation of 312 business entities. Data processing was conducted uisng SPSS statistical software as a quantitative method. Based on the research results, the authors recommend the implementation of innovations and green logistics practices to ensure sustainable business activities within this sector. Based on the findings, it can be stated that the more diverse a company’s activities are, and the faster it can respond to economic challenges, the smaller the losses it will incur.
Effectiveness of tramadol or topic lidocaine compared to epidural or opioid analgesia on postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic colorectal tumor resection
Authors: Spindler-Vesel Alenka , Jenko Matej , Repar Ajsa , Potocnik Iztok , Markovic-Bozic Jasmina
Published: January 2025

Background

Chronic postoperative pain is the most common postoperative complication that impairs quality of life. Postoperative pain gradually develops into neuropathic pain. Multimodal analgesia targets multiple points in the pain pathway and influences the mechanisms of pain chronification.

Patients and methods

We investigated whether a lidocaine patch at the wound site or an infusion of metamizole and tramadol can reduce opioid consumption during laparoscopic colorectal surgery and whether the results are comparable to those of epidural analgesia. Patients were randomly divided into four groups according to the type of postoperative analgesia. Group 1 consisted of 20 patients who received an infusion of piritramide. Group 2 consisted of 21 patients who received an infusion of metamizole and tramadol. Group 3 consisted of 20 patients who received patient-controlled epidural analgesia. Group 4 consisted of 22 patients who received piritramide together with a 5% lidocaine patch on the wound site. The occurrence of neuropathic pain was also investigated.

Results

Piritramide consumption was significantly lowest in group 3 on the day of surgery and on the first and second day after surgery. Group 4 required significantly less piritramide than group 1 on the day of surgery and on the first and second day after surgery. The group with metamizole and tramadol required significantly less piritramide than groups 1 and 4 on the first and second day after surgery. On the day of surgery, this group required the highest amount of piritramide.

Conclusions

Weak opioids such as tramadol in combination with non-opioids such as metamizole were as effective as epidural analgesia in terms of postoperative analgesia and opioid consumption. A lidocaine patch in combination with an infusion of piritramide have been able to reduce opioid consumption.
Investigation of the Effect of Dilation Angle of Soil on the Performance of Grouted Tieback Under Axial Static Load by Analytical Approach
Authors: Mekki Feriel
Published: January 2025

Studies on how non-associated flow rules affect the performance of grouted tieback using the upper bound of limit analysis theory are relatively rare. In this paper, the expression of the collapse load of a single, inclined, rough grouted tieback subjected to axial static load placed in a frictional soil was determined by constructing a failure mechanism by combining a non-associated flow rule in the upper bound limit analysis technique and the linear Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion. The effects of variation of dilation angle, the soil friction angle, the grouted tieback’s angle of inclination, the bonded length, and the diameter of bonded length on the ultimate load were investigated. The results obtained from the present study clearly indicated that the dilation angle, the soil friction angle, the grouted tieback’s angle of inclination, and the bonded length all significantly affect the collapse load but the bonded length’s diameter has no effect on the critical load.
Analysis of Load Eccentricity in Cold-Formed Steel RHS Columns under Compression Considering Geometric Imperfections
Authors: Hodovanets Elvira , Kvocak Vincent
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the impact of hinged and fixed boundary conditions on the behavior of cold-formed steel rectangular hollow section (RHS) columns under eccentric compression. Theoretical analysis and numerical experiments were conducted to study the effects of geometric imperfections and eccentric loading on deformation and failure mechanisms. The findings highlight the significant influence of boundary conditions and geometric imperfections on the columns’ stability and load-bearing capacity. These results emphasize the need for careful consideration of these factors in the design and analysis of cold-formed steel structures.
Study of Repairs and Various Post-Seismic Interventions Carried Out in Ancient Sites in Algeria
Authors: Benmehidi Said , Bordjiba Abdelhak
Published: January 2025

Centuries of accumulated experience in construction during ancient times led to considerable expertise. Roman builders, for example, honed their engineering and construction skills to a high degree, even factoring in considerations for seismic hazards. Through an examination of the vestiges of Roman civilization, one can discern various parallels between the structures found in Europe and those in Roman Africa, particularly in the methods employed for repairs labeled by scholars as post-seismic restoration. The investigation took place across multiple historic locations in Algeria, including Djemila, Timgad, and Lambèse, aiming to examine the possible correlation between previous renovations and seismic activity. This was achieved through visual examination and comparative analysis with findings from Italian sites such as Pompeii and Ostia.
Long-Term Accumulation with Latent Heat in Storage Tanks with Experimental Enhancement
Authors: Gorás Michal , Vranay František
Published: January 2025

Utilization of Thermal Tank Energy Storage Systems (TTES) for efficient storage and release of thermal energy. TTES systems are an integral part of energy infrastructures that enable the storage of surplus energy in the form of heat and its subsequent use as required. We focus on the study of the benefits and challenges associated with the implementation of TTES systems and analyze their impact on temperature stabilization, minimization of heat losses, and overall efficiency. We also discuss the flexible control of tank charging and discharging in TTES systems. Finally, we conclude by reviewing further research aimed at optimizing TTES systems to achieve sustainable and efficient use of thermal energy in the future.
A Proposal for a Simplified Mesoscale Simulation Model of a Reinforced Concrete Frame with and without Masonry Infill
Authors: Benyahi Karim , Messas Amar
Published: January 2025

This article proposes a simplified micro-modeling of masonry infill walls, as well as a method for modeling reinforced concrete frames without infill. This model uses the Drucker-Prager criterion to simulate the non-linear compression behavior of bricks. And for the frame elements, the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model was used. This numerical modeling strategy is characterized by the absence of discrete elements either at the portal frame level, or at the masonry unit level, the latter often used to simulate the onset of damage in areas susceptible to plasticization. This model was checked against experimental results and analytical solutions. Subsequently, the use of the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model to simulate the non-linear behavior of bricks demonstrated the model’s ability to simulate and reproduce experimental damage.
Rapid Measurements of Damaged Areas and Cavities Formed on Highways Caused by Heavy Rain Falls, Earthquakes or Similar Catastrophes
Authors: Bhattacharya Syama P. , Ghosh Asis
Published: January 2025

An abnormal damaged area and the volume of a deep cavity formed underneath this area on a highway cannot be measured correctly by any of the existing methods. However, in this study Bhattacharya’s theorem was applied for the measurement of an abnormal area with success. An abnormal volume of the cavity formed underneath of this damaged area was also measured by a newly proposed rule of volume measurement. The authors hope that the theorem and the rule described in this paper can be applied in the measurements of various abnormal damaged areas and cavities of highways for quick restoration of the spots. In fact the method of area measurements as well as the measurements of volumes of the cavities formed underneath the area can be done in the small or large scale if needed. Measurements of volumes by filling method of the cavities by foam beads however can be removed from the cavities quickly by an electric vacuum suction machine and the beads are reusable many times.
Analysis of Crack Propagation in Composite Materials Using Mixed Finite Elements
Authors: Bougueroua Ahmed , Bouzerd Hamoudi
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the application of fracture mechanics to analyze cracked structures, particularly focusing on cracks along interfaces in multilayer materials. Assuming perfectly plastic elastic behavior, small displacements, and plane structures, the research employs a new mixed finite element, RMQ-7, derived from Reissner’s variational principle. The RMQ-7 element, designed to model both the free edge effect along the crack and continuity in the rest of the material, is used in conjunction with the virtual crack extension method to evaluate the energy release rate and the size of the plastic zone around the crack tip.

Numerical modelling is conducted on various configurations, including plates with central and inclined cracks under different loading conditions. The study concludes that the RMQ-7 mixed finite element is an effective and precise tool for analyzing interface cracks in multilayer materials, providing valuable insights into the mechanical behavior of such structures under stress.
Greening the Heat Investigating the Impact of Vegetative Roofs on Thermal Regulation in Buildings
Authors: Domanický Ján
Published: January 2025

Climate and its protection, use of renewable energy sources, global warming, etc. As for the projection of buildings, this is nowadays the most watched aspect in the creation of the concept of each of them. Whether it is a new building or a reconstruction. Various subsidy aspects are set up for this issue. In general, we know subsidies for the renewal of buildings in the form of a subsidy for insulation. It is also possible to obtain a subsidy for resources, either in the form of a heat pump or photovoltaic panels. For apartment buildings, renovations are adapted in so-called packages or combinations. All this should serve to reduce the need for energy for heating as well as electricity. This work is rather passive in how this need can be reduced.
A Simplified 3D Model for Tunnel Pile Interaction
Authors: Nawel Bousbia
Published: January 2025

Due to the development of communication routes (metro, railways), it is frequently necessary to build underground structures in order to improve traffic flow, which is a key factor in the metropolitan areas’ regeneration. Taking in account of the interaction between tunnel-soil-piles is a significant topic and a vital factor in the analysis the total solutions of these underground projects. The significance of the impacts communicated depends on a number of factors, including the genre of structure, and the soil type. The main purpose of the present paper is to study numerically the immediate influences that will result from the new tunnels construction near existed piles (micropiles), this model will be employed to an existent case of an Algerian East-West highway tunnel section, while using the code of calculation Plaxis3D tunnel. A detailed parametric survey that will be made to put in evidence influences it of the different parameters geometric and mechanical on the interaction between shallow tunnel and an existing piles and security objectives. And for understand furthermore the problem of interaction mechanism between micropiles and tunnel, principally when piles are positioned in close proximity to tunnels. The obtained findings show that the tunneling may affect in nearby piles a considerable bending moments, lateral deflection, compressive forces, and axial forces.
Ceratocystis fimbriata on Brown Salwood (Acacia Mangium) in Banyuasin, Indonesia
Authors: Amelia Rizki Putri , Muslim A. , Damiri Nurhayati , Hamidson Harman , Suwandi  , Pratama Rahmat
Published: January 2025

Acacia mangium in Banyuasin commonly grows in plantations and along roadsides as a shade plant. Generally, this plant is also useful as a material for making household furniture, firewood, and paper pulp. Since 2022, numerous reports of these plants wilting and dying suddenly, have drawn significant attention in the plantations. Our study recorded that the presence of cankers on the stems, lesions on the sapwood, blackened vascular tissue, discoloration of leaves, wilting of the canopy, and massive tree mortality characterize this disease. Based on the morphological characteristics and sequencing of the ITS and β-tubulin genes, the pathogen causing canker and wilt disease in A. mangium in Banyuasin has been confirmed as Ceratocystis fimbriata. The pathogen strain exhibits strong pathogenicity on A. mangium seedlings during inoculation tests in nurseries. Host range tests showed that the isolate can also thrive on Acacia crassicarpa and jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). Therefore, it is crucial to identify appropriate management solutions to minimize damage to A. mangium plants.
الاستراتيجية الروسية تجاه اوكرانيا وانعكاسها على اوربا
Authors: م.م. بلسم سعد عبد الستار
Published: January 2025

ان جذور القضية الأوكرانية المعاصرة تعود إلى العام 1991 مع تفكُّك الاتحاد السوفيتي، وحصول أوكرانيا على استقلالها في نفس العام ، وفي العام 1994 جرى توقيع "مذكرة بودابست" التي تعهَّدت بموجبها روسيا الاتحادية باحترام حدود أوكرانيا في مقابل تخلِّي كييف عن ترسانتها النووية الموروثة عن الاتحاد السوفيتي لصالح روسيا ، لكن سرعان ما فرضت الحسابات الجيوبوليتيكية نفسها على شرق أوروبا، مع اتجاه حلف الناتو للتمدد شرقًا  فانضمَّت جمهوريات التشيك والمجر وبولندا للحلف عام 1999، وبين عامي 2004 و2009 انضمت 9 دول من شرق أوروبا بعضها من الجمهوريات السوفيتية السابقة (بلغاريا، إستونيا، لاتفيا، ليتوانيا، رومانيا، سلوفاكيا، سلوفينيا، ألبانيا، كرواتيا)، ثم لحقت بها بعد ذلك كل من الجبل الأسود ومقدونيا الشمالية وأصبح إجمالي عدد الدول التي انضمت للحلف بين 1999 و2020 نحو 14 دولة تشكِّل نحو نصف الدول الأعضاء في الحلف الذي تأسس عام 1949.