bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The activities of Chinese private security companies as a tool for expanding China’s geopolitical influence
Authors: Bukreeva T. N.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. The collapse of the bipolar world and the building of international relations in conditions of increasing turbulence have led to the intensification of the use of private paramilitary forces by both states and economic entities to protect their business interests and follow geopolitical priorities. China, being one of the key actors in global economic relations, has been increasing its presence abroad since 2010 by expanding the geography of private security companies.

The purpose of the paper is to study the development of the activities of private security companies in China as a tool for expanding geopolitical influence.

The objectives are to systematize the features and activities of PSCs; review Chinese national legislation regarding private security companies; study the market for private security services in China; analyze the activities of Chinese PSCs abroad.

Methodology. The study has used applied and general scientific research methods, including systemic and comparative analysis, as well as synthesis of information on the topic of the work.

Results. The study has examined the reasons for the development of the market for private military and security services, highlighted the main advantages and disadvantages of PSCs, investigated the dynamics of the formation of Chinese PSCs, analyzed the geography of the activities of Chinese PSCs in foreign markets.

Conclusion. Given the transformation of the system for ensuring international stability, the states’ demand for private security services has increased significantly. China is armed with a national market for private security companies, some of which operate in foreign markets. The geography of the activities of Chinese PSCs coincides with the geopolitical interests of the PRC and the regions where major investment projects are being implemented.
The memorial function of law on the example of international humanitarian law
Authors: Sitnikov K. A.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. The theory of the functions of law at the present stage of the development of domestic jurisprudence occupies one of the leading places in the general theory of law. Despite the sufficient elaboration of the relevant section, the gradual transformations of public relations, the increment of new knowledge in related fields of knowledge require further scientific research. Thus, in accordance with the author's concepts, one of the significant places in the system of social functions of law is occupied by the memorial function. The presented problems deserve special attention in the context of international law, the connection of which with memory is the most distinct. The purpose of the study is to assess the importance of the memorial function of law in the system of other functions on the example of international humanitarian law.

Objectives: to study the genesis and evolution of international humanitarian law; to identify the relationship between memory and the essence of law (using the example of international humanitarian law); to study the manifestations of the memorial function in the content of international humanitarian law.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the research was the principles of scientific, systematic and historicism. The work uses dialectical-materialistic, historical-legal and formal-legal methods, as well as the method of content analysis.

Results. Using the example of international humanitarian law, the article reveals the fundamental foundations of the idea of the memorial function of law. The author analyzes the relationship of memory with the nature, essence and content of international humanitarian law. As examples demonstrating the expression of the memorial function in international humanitarian law, the norms of customary and contractual (Hague and Geneva law) are given.

Conclusions. The paper substantiates the conclusion that the formation of the relevant international legal branch was due to the accumulation in the memory of the international community of evidence of the horrors and losses that the war entails. It is noted that the essence of international humanitarian law is related to the protection of the most significant values for the international community, the need for special attention to which has been formed in social memory on the basis of accumulated experience in warfare.
About the regional stage in the biography of the first deputy minister of railways of the USSR N.A. Gundobin
Authors: Korovin R. V. , Manzhosov A. N.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. The role of railway transport in modern conditions is increasing due to the intensification of economic and geopolitical processes that require constant mobility of human and material resources. In this regard, the experience of the functioning of Soviet railways is becoming in demand not only by production workers, but also by representatives of humanitarian knowledge. Any modernization of production technologies is impossible without the active and creative participation of a labor person in it. Therefore, the study of the human factor in Russian history continues to be updated. The use of newly identified sources of personal origin in the study allows us to reveal previously unknown aspects of the life of historical personalities, which is especially important in creating full-fledged portraits of statesmen who made a significant contribution to the development of the country, among which N.A. Gundobin should be included.

The purpose of the study is to comprehensively examine, on the basis of newly identified historical sources, the initial stage of the biography of the former First Deputy Minister of Railways of the USSR N.A. Gundobin.

Objectives: to reveal the specifics of the functioning of railway transport in the period under review; to characterize the main factors of N.A. Gundobin's personal and professional development.

Methodology. The principles of objectivity and historicism were used as the methodological basis of the work. To solve the tasks set, the authors used historical-genetic, historical-systemic, biographical, and retrospective methods.

Results. The study and generalization of archival and memoir sources allowed us to reconstruct the events of the initial stage of personal formation and professional activity of one of the outstanding organizers of railway transport in the USSR, N.A. Gundobin.

Conclusions. Family traditions and the passage of all stages of career growth from ordinary transport professions with a responsible attitude to the assigned task allowed N.A. Gundobin to hold a high leadership position in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR for almost 30 years, which testifies to the exceptional organizational abilities and hard work of a person who for so long ensured the functioning of an industry strategically important for the country.
The changes in the public legal status of magistrates and state policy towards citizens in 1725-1762
Authors: Еfremova I. S.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. The article examines the process of changing the public legal status of city magistrates through the prism of transformations in the fields of trade and urban self-government. Since 1995, a program of state support for local self-government has been implemented in Russia. Government assistance measures for small and mediu-sized businesses are developed annually. In this regard, a retrospective analysis of the experience of the functioning of magistrates, who carried out both urban management and economic and legal protection of the trade and craft population, will improve the quality of reforms at the present stage.

The purpose. To consider how the public legal status of magistrates has changed depending on state policy towards the urban population

Objectives: to analyze the main directions of the socio-economic policy of the state; to study how the competencies of magistrates and their subordination have changed depending on the existence of the Chief Magistrate

Methodology. The research is based on the principles of objectivity and historicism. The scientific tools of the work consisted of the following methods of historical cognition: problem-chronological, historical-comparative, historical-genetic, historical-systemic.

Results. Magistrates, established in 1720, had a wide range of competencies and were of a state nature. Along with judicial and fiscal powers, they were endowed with many administrative functions. From February 1720 to August 18, 1727, the magistrate system represented an independent structure controlled by the Chief Magistrate. From August 1727 to May 5, 1743, due to the deprivation of the Chief Magistrate of the collegium status, magistrates began to obey the voivodes and governors, which did not affect their versatility. From May 1743 to June 1762, they were again subordinate to the Chief Magistrate.

Conclusion. Despite the temporary abolition of the Chief Magistrate and the subordination of magistrates to voivodes and governors, these institutions continued to combine judicial, administrative and fiscal powers.
On the question of the characterization of the traditional values of the Russian state
Authors: Zarubina K. A.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Currently, the Russian state is in search of a positive model for building a sovereign state capable of countering global threats and challenges of our time, a special order of the world order that allows different countries to freely coexist and develop regardless of their size of territory, geographical location, military, demographic and resource potentials, political and socio-economic structure. In these conditions, it is particularly relevant to comprehend the existing political and legal experience of building Russian statehood and the establishment of a unified ideology based on traditional values.

The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the constant constants that make up the traditional values of the Russian state.

Objectives: to identify the traditional values inherent in the national statehood; to give a general description of the identified traditional Russian values; to assess the possibility of applying traditional values of Russia to build a modern model of Russian statehood.

Methodology. The research used such methods of scientific cognition as historical, comparative methods, method of analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization.

Results. The study found that in Russia such semantic constants as traditionalism, patriarchy, community, conciliarity and some others, reflected in modern domestic legal doctrine, were formulated as traditional values of Russian society and the state.

Conclusion. It has been established that the values of Russian statehood formed over the centuries can now become the basis for building an integral concept of the development of the modern Russian state, strengthening traditional Russian spiritual and moral constants, preserving the historical and cultural heritage of the multinational people of Russia, as well as for the formation of a stable and just world order, a multipolar system of international relations.
Definitive basis for the constitutional protection of passive electoral rights in the Russian Federation
Authors: Melnikov P. A.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. The study of issues of protection of fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen since the birth of Russian constitutionalism and to this day is one of the key areas in legal science. The essence of constitutional protection of passive electoral rights in Russia belongs to the little-studied aspects of domestic constitutional law. In no small measure, a certain impetus for the present study was the tendentious scale of the loss of the status of candidates during the election campaign of 2021 for the election of deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

The purpose of the study is to update theoretical and practical approaches to the protection of passive electoral rights of Russian citizens, to conceptually clarify the definitive series that collectively affect the effectiveness of constitutional and legal protection of the declared subjective rights.

Objectives: to analyze the conceptual foundations and structural components of constitutional protection in general and passive electoral rights in particular, taking into account the provisions of the general theory of law and branch science, legislation, interpretation of constitutional justice bodies.

Methodology. Study was based on the dialectical method of cognition, as well as such general scientific and special research methods as: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, statistical, formal-logical and comparative-legal methods.

The results of the study allowed to form the conceptual basis of the constitutional protection of passive electoral rights in Russia in the paradigm of constitutional and branch science, namely: to present the author's conclusions and generalisations about the interpretation of passive electoral rights of Russian citizens; their constitutional protection; functional orientation of its mechanism.

Conclusion. The constitutional protection of passive electoral rights of Russian citizens is a law-supporting mechanism determined by constitutional provisions to prevent violations and eliminate obstacles in the implementation of the constitutional right of citizens to be elected to public authorities.
Fathers without the right to paternity: family law mechanisms for balancing the interests of fathers and children
Authors: Emelina L. A. , Yavorsky S. A.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. The increasing divorce rates in Russia give rise to pressing legal and social challenges, particularly concerning the rights of children and fathers. Legal doctrine reveals a significant gap in both normative and ideological protection of fathers’ rights, resulting in discriminatory practices, especially in the resolution of disputes over child residence and visitation. This article urges the academic community to reconsider current presumptions and underscores the necessity of developing a legal framework aimed at establishing a robust institution of fatherhood, a matter that is particularly pertinent in the contemporary context.

The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze gaps in the regulation of legal aspects of fatherhood within national legislation, to develop fundamental principles for the institution of fatherhood, and to ensure the equality of parental rights in matters concerning the protection of children’s interests.

The objectives tasks encompass an analysis of law enforcement practices in the sphere of fatherhood, a study of existing legal norms and doctrines, and the formulation of proposals aimed at establishing a comprehensive legal framework for the institution of fatherhood in Russia.

The research methodology is based on a comprehensive analysis of legal norms, judicial practice, sociological and psychological data. Systemic, comparative-legal and formal-logical methods were used to identify gaps in the regulation of fathers' rights and to develop proposals for their elimination.

The results of the research demonstrate that the absence of a formal institution of fatherhood within Russian legislation results in discriminatory practices against fathers in judicial proceedings, particularly concerning the determination of a child’s residence and restrictions on parental access. Recommendations have been developed for the establishment of a fatherhood framework and legal reforms aimed at safeguarding the interests of both children and parents.

The conclusion of the study is the need to revise law enforcement practice and develop the legal institution of paternity, which will eliminate discrimination against men in family legal relations and create equality of rights for parents.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED POROSITY OSMOTIC TABLETS OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL USING INCLUSION COMPLEX SYSTEM
Authors: ASHWIN KUMAR K  , GRACE RATHNAM
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aims to enhance the solubility of BCS Class-II drug candesartan cilexetil (CC) by forming inclusion complexation with hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (CDs) and develop a controlled-release osmotic tablet for 24-h release.
Methods: Solubility of Candesartan was enhanced using hydroxypropyl β-CDs at a molar ratio1:1 and analyzed for drug content and drug release profile. Fourier transform infrared interaction studies were conducted in drug complex and excipients. Core tablets were prepared with various ratios of osmogens (mannitol: Lactose monohydrate). Pre-compression studies were performed, and cellulose acetate solution containing sorbitol as pore-forming agent was used to coat the tablet cores, achieving 3% and 5% weight gain. The core tablets were subjected to post-compression tests assessing parameters such as thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, and drug content, while the coated tablets underwent in vitro dissolution studies. Data obtained were subjected to drug release kinetics and formulation F6 was subjected to stability studies.
Results: Characterization confirmed good flow properties, mechanical stability, and uniform drug content. Formulation F6 coated with cellulose acetate, showed 97.33% drug release at 24 h, following zero-order kinetics. Stability studies indicated that F6 remained stable for 3 months, with no notable changes in attributes such as appearance, drug content, and dissolution profile.
Conclusion: This study successfully formulated a controlled drug delivery system for CC using controlled porosity osmotic delivery suggesting its potential for further development and clinical evaluation to enhance patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy.
VIRTUAL SCREENING OF THE ZIMBABWE NATURAL PRODUCT DATABASE FOR GLUCOKINASE ACTIVATORS
Authors: EZEKIEL MAKAMBWA  , MASTERIA YUNOVILSA PUTRA  , ADHA DHASTU ILLAHI  , MUHAMMAD ADIL KHAN  , ARRY YANUAR
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aimed to identify potential glucokinase activators within Zimbabwean natural products using virtual screening techniques.
Methods: Twenty-one compounds filtered from ChEMBL ID 3820 (pEC50 ≥ 8) were used to generate a pharmacophore model, validated with DUD-E data. The model screened the 6220 compounds in the Zimbabwe Natural Products Database (ZiNaPoD) using LigandScout. Hit compounds were docked with glucokinase (protein ID 4NO7) using AutoDock Vina and AutoDock 4 in PyRx, followed by adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) screening by SwissADME. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted on the resulting complexes using the CHARMM36m force field on GROMACS.
Results: The validated pharmacophore model (80% accuracy, 95% sensitivity, 80% specificity) produced 149 hits, 16 of which had binding energies ≤ −8 kcal/mol after the two rounds of molecular docking. The ADME analysis narrowed the selection to four compounds, with binding energies ranging from −8.35 to −9.82 kcal/mol. All four demonstrated stability in molecular dynamic simulations, with average root mean square deviation (RMSD) values ranging from 1.491 to 3.835 Å. The Sphenostylisin I and Dihydroxymethyl dihydroxybenzyl chromanone (DMDBC) complexes exhibited the highest stability with average RMSD values of 1.491±2.794 Å and 2.875±1.452 Å, respectively. They also exhibited low-binding free energies of −30.30±0.38 and −30.20±0.49 kcal/mol, making them promising targets.
Conclusion: Four potential glucokinase activators were identified, with Sphenostylisin I and DMDBC showing promise as candidates for developing new diabetes treatments due to their stability, favorable binding, and absence of liver-toxic groups.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FEMORAL NERVE BLOCK (WITH AND WITHOUT DEXAMETHASONE) VERSUS INTRAVENOUS FENTANYL FOR POSITIONING AND DURATION OF POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN FRACTURE FEMUR PATIENT UNDER SPINAL ANESTHESIA
Authors: SUSHREE DAS  , SURABHI WAHI  , RANJITA ACHARYA  , MADHUSMITA PATRO
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The preferred technique for fracture femur operation is spinal anesthesia (SA). During position for SA, femoral nerve block (FNB) and intravenous (IV) fentanyl are used to decrease the pain. The analgesia provided by FNB with dexamethasone (FNBD), FNB only, and intra-venous fentanyl (FENT) was compared before positioning in patients undergoing femur fracture surgery.
Methods: 90 patients of fracture femurs were randomized into three Groups A (FNBD), B (FNB), and C (FENT). The FNBD and FNB group patients received drug using ultrasound-guided method 5 min before positioning. In FNB, 10 mL of 2% lidocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000) with 10 mL of bupivacaine was injected, 8 mg of dexamethasone was added in FNDB group, and in the FNET group, received IV fentanyl 1 μg/kg 5 min before positioning. Spinal was given and pain score at baseline, 5, 15, and 30 min recorded.
Results: The mean VAS was lowest for Group A and highest for Group C. The Quality of patient positioning is best in Group A and lowest in Group C and p value between Group A and C is <0.0001. The sample size came to be 30 per group by taking alpha as 5%, power of study as 95% and standard deviation as 3.
Conclusion: Patient satisfaction, positioning during spinal, and analgesia were better with FNB with or without dexamethasone than IV fentanyl
PREVALENCE OF HYPOCALCEMIA DUE TO PHOTOTHERAPY IN NEWBORNS WITH NEONATAL JAUNDICE IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER OF SOUTHERN RAJASTHAN
Authors: AISHWARYA GUPTA  , RAJENDRA KUMAR SHARMA  , MALVIA SUNNY
Published: January 2025

Objective: Neonatal jaundice is a prevalent condition affecting approximately 60–80% of newborns, with phototherapy being a widely utilized treatment. While double surface phototherapy (DSPT) offers enhanced efficacy, it has been associated with adverse effects, notably hypocalcemia. This study aims to determine the prevalence of hypocalcemia induced by DSPT in neonates with jaundice, identify risk factors, and evaluate clinical outcomes.
Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled 200 neonates with jaundice undergoing DSPT in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. Baseline data, including gestational age, birth weight, and bilirubin levels, were recorded. Serum calcium levels were measured before initiating DSPT and at 24 and 48-h post-initiation. Statistical analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with hypocalcemia.
Results: Among 200 neonates, hypocalcemia prevalence increased from 6% at baseline to 38% at 24 h and 52% at 48 h post-DSPT. Symptomatic hypocalcemia occurred in 22% of affected neonates, with 0.9% experiencing seizures. Prematurity (<37 weeks), low birth weight (<2.5 kg), and high bilirubin levels (≥20 mg/dL) were identified as significant risk factors (p<0.05). Calcium supplementation normalized serum levels in all cases within 48 h, with no long-term complications observed during follow-up.
Conclusion: DSPT is effective for treating neonatal jaundice but significantly increases hypocalcemia risk. Routine calcium monitoring and preventive supplementation protocols should be considered to minimize adverse outcomes.
ANALISIS ASAM LEMAK MINYAK RUMPUT LAUT TURBINARIA DECURRENS DARI PANTAI LHOKNGA
Authors: Abad Farhan , Bhernama Bhayu Gita , Harahap Muhammad Ridwan
Published: January 2025

Rumput laut Turbinaria Decurrens memiliki kandungan gizi yang cukup tinggi, termasuk protein dan beberapa mineral esensial. Rumput laut juga mengandung lemak yang memiliki jenis cukup beragam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi dari asam lemak pada rumput laut Turbinaria decurrens. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan metode sokletasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksan dan kloroform dengan variasi 2:1 dan 3:1. karakteristik dan pengujian meliputi analisis asam lemak bebas serta analisis GC-MS. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rendemen ekstrak dari Turbinaria Decurrens dengan perbandingan pelarut 2:1 dan 3:1 yaitu 0,9739% dan 05066%. Identifikasi asam lemak menggunakan GC-MS diperoleh senyawa asam lemak diantaranya asam laurat persen area 8,35%, asam dekanoat persen area 0,62%, asam kaprilat persen area 0,81%, asam palmitat persen area 11,31%, asam stearat persen area 2,32%, asam pentadesilat persen area 5,23%, asam oleat persen area 13,08%, asam linoleat persen area 11,44%, asam oktadecatrienoat persen area 1,36% dan asam arakidonat persen area 1,06%. Kadar asam lemak bebas yang diperoleh dengan perbandingan 2:1 dan 3:1 yaitu 2,26% dan 1,695%.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF ZAKAT FROM THE INCOME OF SOCIAL MEDIA ACTIVISTS
Authors: Rahmadani  , Armiadi Musa  , Husni A Jalil
Published: January 2025

The rapid development of technology has made content creator professions such as youtuber, tiktoker, instagrammer and others very popular among the public by only using technology that is easy to find and can earn a large income. This profession is only known in the current era. This study aims to find out how the provisions of zakat and the calculation of the income earned by the content creator. And analysis of the scholars' opinion on the free income of a Muslim as al-Mal al-Mustafad which must be paid zakat. The research method used is qualitative with the type of library research by reading literature related to the subject matter. The results of the study indicate that the professional income is classified into al-mal al-mustafad and obliged to zakat profession. This is because there is evidence from the generality of the nash, namely verse 267 of Surah al-Baqarah and verse 103 of Surah at-Taubah, which shows the words اَنْفِقُوْا and اَمْوَالِهِمْ as al-Mal al-Mustafad which is obliged to pay zakat. because the assets obtained have fulfilled the terms and conditions of mandatory zakat such as reaching nishab, full ownership, growing and so on. Provided that the content uploaded and the goods or products promoted do not conflict with moral values and Islamic law.
Effectiveness of Feature Extraction Techniques for Facial Identification
Authors: K. Minney Prisilla  , N. Jayashri
Published: January 2025

Criminal activities and crime tenancy are increasing in the society when the technology and population increases. The process of identifying and determine criminals and avoiding them from involving in criminal activities are tedious task for police as well as public. Therefore, criminal tracking system is also needed to strengthen. Apart from traditional system, now a days the police and government is also implementing technology based tracking system for criminal identification. An efficient facial feature extraction algorithm and face identification algorithm are needed for this identification system. In this research, the performance of principal component analysis and local binary pattern algorithms are analysed with the support of convolutional neural network.
The use of artificial intelligence by students of information technology programmes
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Latvia, Sergejeva Natalija , Vronska Natalja ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Latvia, Briede Baiba ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Latvia, Samuilik Inna ,   Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, Latvia,   Institute of Applied Mathematics, Riga Technical University, Latvia
Published: January 2025

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in university education is a phenomenon of various directions: the potential of AI tools, skills, purpose and sense of usage. Each direction is worth of working out and introducing regulatory systems and deeper investigating users’ choice and managing the process of getting, navigating and creating information by means of AI. Therefore, one of the emerging scientific challenges is students’ abilities and personalised learning experience in the use of AI. The study is focused on the usage of AI in specific courses, and namely the students of Information Technology (IT) programmes from Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies (LBTU) and Riga Technical University (RTU). The aim of the study is to investigate the students’ ability, need and merit to use AI in learning numerical methods, mathematics and programming. The main data collection method used is a student survey. According to the main results, it is found out that respondents when solving the programming tasks sometimes used AI, while solving mathematical tasks respondents rarely used AI. AI actually did not help to solve the mathematical tasks, while it partly helped to solve the programming tasks. The use of AI partly helped the respondents to improve the knowledge and skills of programming. Acquiring the study course Numerical Methods respondents mainly used ChatGPT, but performing practical works respondents mostly did not use AI.
The need and role of high-level math skills in engineering studies
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Latvia, Zvirgzdina Liga , Kopeika Evija ,   Riga Technical University, Latvia
Published: January 2025

This article examines the importance and necessity of high-level mathematical skills in engineering studies. It analyzes the specific mathematical skills required for successful engineering education and their role in engineering studies. The results provide insight into how high-level mathematical skills contribute to the development of engineering competencies and enable engineers to solve complex problem scenarios. Key findings reveal that high-level mathematical skills are indispensable in engineering education, providing the tools needed to solve real-world problems and drive innovation in engineering. Mathematics is the language of engineering. It provides the analytical and problem-solving tools necessary for engineers to design, analyse, and optimize systems, ensuring that they meet safety, efficiency, and performance requirements. Engineers use math as a fundamental tool to make informed decisions and drive technological advancements across various engineering disciplines. Without math, engineering would be severely limited in its ability to design safe, efficient, and innovative solutions to the complex problems that engineers encounter in various industries. The questions contained in the article are investigated using survey data of university students. The purpose of this study is to research the relative applicability and level of knowledge of the learning material learned in secondary educational institutions in mathematics, based on the experience of school graduates and engineering students.
Bisimulations for weighted networks with weights in a quantale
Authors: Stankovic Ivan , Ciric Miroslav , Ignjatovic Jelena
Published: January 2025

In this paper we introduce two types of simulations (forward and backward)
and five types of bisimulations (forward, backward, forward-backward,
backward-forward, and regular) for weighted networks with weights taken in a
quntale, we describe their basic properties and provide procedures for
testing the existence of a simulation or bisimulation of a given type and
computing the greatest one, in cases when such simulations or bisimulations
exist.We also describe basic properties of homogeneous simulations and
bisimulations, which relate actors within the same weighted network, and
establish relationships between heterogeneous bisimulations between two
different networks and homogeneous bisimulations on these networks. In
addition, we characterize the greatest forward, backward and regular
bisimulations between weighted networks by means of multi-valued multimodal
logics.
A novel surface fuzzy analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Simjanovic Dusan , Vesic Nenad , Ignjatovic Jelena , Randjelovic Branislav
Published: January 2025

For almost fifty years, the concept of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based
on triangular fuzzy numbers, supplied with various types of membership
functions has experienced a wide variety of Intuitionistic fuzzy numbers,
z-Numbers, and Spherical fuzzy numbers. This paper aims to upgrade the
concept of Spherical Fuzzy Sets considering the hesitancy, its third
coordinate, as a function instead of constant. This broads the
decision-makers "spectrum" allowing them to describe the fuzzy part of data
more comprehensively. As a path distance between two fuzzy sets, we used
geodesic lines in place of great circles, connecting Fuzzy logic with
Differential geometry. Also, we proved some algebraic properties concerning
associativity and neutral elements for operations ? and ?, for the defined
Surface Fuzzy Sets. Additionally, the application of Surface Fuzzy Sets to
within AHP is used for ranking Security, Privacy, and Authority sub-criteria
affecting B2C e-commerce websites.
A-numerical radius inequalities and A-translatable radii of semi-Hilbert space operators
Authors: Guesba Messaoud , Bhunia Pintu , Paul Kallol
Published: January 2025

We develop A-numerical radius inequalities of the product and the commutator
of semi-Hilbert space operators using the notion of A-numerical radius
distance and A-seminorm distance. Further, we introduce a pair of
translatable radii of semi-Hilbert space operators in the direction of
another operator and obtain related inequalities which generalize the
relevant inequalities studied in the setting of Hilbert space.
On ϕ-biflatness-like properties of certain Banach algebras with applications
Authors: Salimi Solaleh , Mahmoodi Amin , Sahami Amir , Rostami Mehdi
Published: January 2025

In this paper left ?-biflatness of abstract Segal algebras is investigated.
For a locally compact group G, we show that any abstract Segal algebra with
respect to L1(G) is left ?-biflat if and only if the underlying group G is
amenable. We then prove that the Lipschitz algebras Lip?(X) and lip?(X) are
left C-?-biflat if and only if X is finite. Finally, we also study left
?-biflatness of lower triangular matrix algebras.
Some remarks on K-starcompact and related spaces
Authors: Alam Nur
Published: January 2025

This article is a continuation of the study on K-starcompact and related
spaces done in (Song, Bull. Malays. Math. Sci. Soc., 30(1) (2007)). We also
introduce and study nearly 1 1/2-starcompact spaces as a generalization of
1 1/2-starcompact spaces.
Characterization of almost +-conformal η-Ricci soliton on para-Kenmotsu manifolds
Authors: Dey Santu , Uddin Siraj
Published: January 2025

The goal of this research paper is to deliberate +-conformal ?-Ricci soliton
and gradient almost +-conformal ?-Ricci soliton within the framework of
para-Kenmotsu manifolds as a characterization of Einstein metrics. Here, we
explore that a para-Kenmotsu metric as a +-conformal ?-Ricci soliton is
Einstein metric if the soliton vector field is contact and the vector field
is strictly infinitesimal contact transformation. Next, we turn up the
nature of the soliton and discover the scalar curvature when the manifold
admitting +-conformal ?-Ricci soliton on para-Kenmotsu manifold. After that,
we have shown the characterization of the vector field when the manifold
satisfies +-conformal ?-Ricci soliton. Further, we have developed the nature
of the potential vector field when the manifold admits gradient almost
+-conformal ?-Ricci soliton. Then, we have studied gradient +-conformal
?-Ricci soliton to yield the nature of Riemannian curvature tensor and
enactment of potential vector field on para-Kenmotsu manifold. Lastly, we
give an example of conformal +-?-Ricci soliton and gradient almost conformal
+-?-Ricci soliton on para-Kenmotsu manifold to prove our findings.
Integral inequalities in fractional calculus with general analytic kernels
Authors: Mohammed Pshtiwan , Fernandez Arran
Published: January 2025

Many different definitions of fractional calculus have been proposed in the
literature, especially in recent years, and these can be classified into
groups with similar properties. Many recent papers have studied inequalities
for fractional integrals of particular types of functions, such as
Hermite-Hadamard inequalities and related results. Here we provide theorems
valid for a whole general class of fractional operators (anything defined
using an integral with an analytic kernel function), so that it is no longer
necessary to prove such results for each model one by one. We consider
several types of fractional integral inequalities, which apply to functions
of convex and synchronous type, and extend them to the full generality of
fractional calculus with analytic kernels.
Perbedaan Diabetic Peripheral Neurophaty dan Kekuatan Otot terhadap Kualitas Hidup Penderita Diabetes Tipe 2 Berdasarkan Durasi Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Komalasari Dwi Rosella , Pratiwi Rossy Eka , Rahman Farid , Ningrum Tyas Sari Ratna Ningrum
Published: January 2025

Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 adalah jenis DM dengan angka kejadian paling tinggi dari pada jenis lainnya. DPN merupakan komplikasi yang banyak terjadi pada DM tipe2 yang berkontribusi terhadap penurunan kekuatan otot ekstremitas bawah. Kondisi hiperglikemi dan durasi yanng lama diduga menjadi faktor pemicu terjadinya DPN yang akan mengganggu kualitas hidup pasien. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kejadian DPN, kekuatan otot ekstremitas bawah dan kualitas hidup serta untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien antara penderita DM tipe 2 durasi 5-10 tahun dan >10 tahun. Metode: Terdapat 2 kelompok dengan masing-masing terdiri dari 121 responden yang dilakukan di Grha Diabetika Surakarta. DPN diperiksa dengan menggunakan tes MNSI, kekuatan otot ekstremitas bawah dengan tes FTSTS dan kuisioner WHOQoL digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas hidup. Hasil: Pada kelompok DM tipe 2 durasi >10 tahun menunjukkan kejadian DPN lebih banyak dan penurunan kekuatan otot ekstremitas bawah dan kualitas hidup disbanding kelompok DM tipe 2 durasi 5-10 tahun (p<0.05). Faktor kekuatan otot ekstremitas bawah menjadi faktor utama yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien DMT2 durasi >10 tahun. Kesimpulan: DM tipe 2 dengan durasi lebih dari 10 tahun akan memberikan komplikasi signifikan terhadap kejadian DPN, penurunan kekuatan otot dan kualitas hidup. Kekuatan otot ekstremitas bawah menjadi faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien DM tipe 2 dengan durasi  >10 tahun.
Relationship Between Work Position and Non-Specific Low Back Pain Incidence in Farmer Groups
Authors: Ulul Azmi Farisa , Riska Risty Wardhani  , Mustiko Prihantoro Larasati
Published: January 2025

Background: Farmers are someone who spends a lot of time in the field to plant, fertilize and harvest. During the process of planting, farmers tend to be in a bent position for a long time. Low back pain is one of the complaints that can reduce human productivity. Low back pain does not recognize gender, age, or social status. Non-specific low back pain results in pain, muscle spasms, and muscle imbalance, so the stability of the abdominal and lower back muscles decreases, limited lumbar mobility, changes in posture and results in disability in sufferers of non-specific low back pain. Objective: The students aim to determine whether there is a correlation between working posture and the incidence of non-specific low back pain in farmers. Research Method: The research method used by sampling using total sampling, the dependent variable was the work position and the independent variable in the researcher's research was non-specific low back pain. Results: Sig value. (2-sided) in the chi-square test is 0.018. Because the sig value (2-sided) is 0.018<0.05, then based on the decision-making above, it can be concluded that Ho is rejected Ha is accepted. This means that there is a relationship between working posture and non-specific low back pain in farmer groups. Conclusion: There is a correlation between working posture and the incidence of non-specific low back pain in farmers. Suggestion: Future researchers are expected to add or examine further related postures while working on workers and increase the number of respondents to be more relevant in the coming years.
Effectiveness of Motor Relearning Program in Improving Walking Ability of Post-Stroke Patients: Meta-Analysis
Authors: Umardi Syazana Zahra , Muktabar Hilmi Ega , Sadin Salsabila Saufia Aura , Khan Amre Alfarif , 'Azzah Taqiyyah Nurul , Kholifah Annisa Nur , Pristianto Arif
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Stroke is a disorder of brain function due to disruption of blood vessels in the brain that occurs in 15 million cases each year. The problem that arises is that the body's motor abilities are reduced, especially in walking ability so that it can interfere with daily activities. Objective: To collect and analyze previous studies related to improving walking ability of post-stroke patients with MRP intervention, or with functional training. Methods: It uses a meta-analysis method by sourcing 7 research articles that are searched using PICO criteria consisting of population, namely post-stroke patients, the intervention provided is Motor Relearning Program (MRP), comparisons in the form of functional training with outcomes of improved walking ability. Keywords used in searching for articles are "Motor Relearning Program", "stroke", and "randomized controlled trial" through a database in the form of Google Scholar. Data was processed using the Review Manager application (RevMan 5.3). Results: There was an increase in walking ability in stroke patients who were given a motor relearning program by 1.83 Units compared to patients who were given functional training (SMD = 1.83; 95% CI = 0.01 to 3.65) and these results were statistically significant (p <0.00001). Heterogeneity of the study data showed I2= 97% (random effect model). Conclusion: Motor Relearning Program (MRP) is more effective than functional training in improving walking ability in post-stroke patients.
The Effect of Active Cycle of Breathing Techniques (ACBT) on Shortness of Breath and Facilitation of Airway Clearance in Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Literature Review
Authors: Mahadewi Ni Luh Putu Citra , Anantari Ni Putu Diah , Putra Ketut Sutirama Cagi , Laksmi I Gusti Agung Ayu Ari Candra , Prasana I Gede Eka Juli , Jeviana Ariezta
Published: January 2025

Background: Obstructive lung disease is characterised by airflow obstruction due to airway narrowing or damage. The Active Cycle of Breathing Techniques (ACBT) is designed to address issues arising from this by mobilising and clearing secretions from the airways, as well as improving breathing mechanics to reduce dyspnea.
Method: This study uses a literature review method. Articles published from 2014 to 2024, related to the effects of ACBT on airway clearance in patients with obstructive lung disease, were identified through relevant databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect) using predetermined keywords. Articles that met inclusion criteria, such as appropriate study design, publication year, and language, were selected for analysis.
Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of Active Cycle of Breathing Techniques (ACBT) on dyspnea and airway clearance in cases of obstructive lung disease.
Results: A review of 7 previous studies revealed the effects of Active Cycle of Breathing Techniques (ACBT) in reducing dyspnea and clearing the airways in patients with obstructive lung disease.
Conclusion: There is an impact of Active Cycle of Breathing Techniques (ACBT) exercises in reducing dyspnea and clearing the airways in patients with obstructive lung disease
The Effect of Dual-Task Texting on Cervical Muscle Activity in Smartphone Users
Authors: Susilo Taufik Eko , Hanifa Miftahul Fauziah , Wijianto Wijianto , Sudaryanto Wahyu Tri , Fatmarizka Tiara , Fitriyah Qonitah Faizatul , Al Farizy Muhammad Hasbi , Hendra Zulnanda , Jannah Nadiya Izzatul
Published: January 2025

Background: Farmers are someone who spends a lot of time in the field to plant, fertilize and harvest. During the process of planting, farmers tend to be in a bent position for a long time. Low back pain is one of the complaints that can reduce human productivity. Low back pain does not recognize gender, age, or social status. Non-specific low back pain results in pain, muscle spasms, and muscle imbalance, so the stability of the abdominal and lower back muscles decreases, limited lumbar mobility, changes in posture and results in disability in sufferers of non-specific low back pain. Objective: The students aim to determine whether there is a correlation between working posture and the incidence of non-specific low back pain in farmers. Research Method: The research method used by sampling using total sampling, the dependent variable was the work position and the independent variable in the researcher's research was non-specific low back pain. Results: Sig value. (2-sided) in the chi-square test is 0.018. Because the sig value (2-sided) is 0.018<0.05, then based on the decision-making above, it can be concluded that Ho is rejected Ha is accepted. This means that there is a relationship between working posture and non-specific low back pain in farmer groups. Conclusion: There is a correlation between working posture and the incidence of non-specific low back pain in farmers. Suggestion: Future researchers are expected to add or examine further related postures while working on workers and increase the number of respondents to be more relevant in the coming years.
Correlation Analysis Between Cardiovascular Load and Lung Function Disorders Based On FVC Values In Construction Workers
Authors: Nazhira Fidyatul , Putri Fadma , Fauziah Enny , Afriani Dini , Zahra Siti Halwa Khoirinnisa , Lazuardi Ghifari Theo
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to analyze the correlation between cardiovascular load (%CVL) and pulmonary function impairment based on forced vital capacity (FVC) in construction workers. This observational cross-sectional study involved 37 construction workers in Central Jakarta, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via spirometry and heart rate measurements before, during, and after work. The results showed that 79% of respondents had restrictive disorders, while 21% had obstructive disorders. Statistical analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between %CVL and FVC values (p < 0.001; r = -0.550). These findings indicate that increased cardiovascular load is associated with decreased lung function, particularly in workers with long-term exposure to dust and extended work durations. In conclusion, managing physical workload and controlling workplace environments are crucial to preventing pulmonary function decline in construction workers.
The Impact Lowcost Management Balance Exercise Program Reduce Fall Risk In The Elderly In Surakarta
Authors: Mutnawasitoh Asita Rohmah , Mirawati Dita , Cahyaningrum Hapsari
Published: January 2025

The aging process is a process of aging in the elderly group characterized by, among other things, changes in body balance that will impact the risk of falling. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of the Low-Cost Management Balance Exercise Program as an effort to reduce the risk of falls among the elderly in Surakarta. Method: The type of this research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design. This study uses a Pre-Test Post-Test with Control Group Design research design with subject selection using purposive sampling. Results: data were analyzed using the paired sample t-test. The result obtained a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), which means that there is a significant difference in balance values before and after the exercise was given in group 1, which is the treatment group. In the control group, a p-value of 0.004 (p < 0.05) was obtained, indicating a significant difference in balance values before and after the exercise was given. Conclusion: The Low-Cost Management Balance Exercise program is effective in reducing the risk of falls in the elderly.