bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sub-bandgap photoluminescence properties of multilayer h-BN-on-sapphire
Authors: Saha Shantanu , Chang Yu-Chen , Yang Tilo Hongwei , Rice Anthony , Ghosh Arnob , You Weicheng , Crawford Mary , Lu Ting-Hua , Lan Yann-Wen , Arafin Shamsul
Published: February 2022

Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) materials have garnered increasing attention due to its ability of hosting intrinsic quantum point defects. This paper presents a photoluminescence (PL) mapping study related to sub-bandgap-level emission in bulk-like multilayer h-BN films. Spatial PL intensity distributions were carefully analyzed with 500 nm spatial resolution in terms of zero phonon line (ZPL) and phonon sideband (PSB) emission-peaks and their linewidths, thereby identifying the potential quantum point defects within the films. Two types of ZPL and PSB emissions were confirmed from the point defects located at the non-edge and edge of the films. Our statistical PL data from the non-edge- and edge-areas of the sample consistently reveal broad and narrow emissions, respectively. The measured optical properties of these defects and the associated ZPL peak shift and line broadening as a function of temperature between 77° and 300° K are qualitatively and quantitatively explained. Moreover, an enhancement of the photostable PL emission by at least a factor of ×3 is observed when our pristine h-BN was irradiated with a 532 nm laser.
Time-dependent Duhamel renormalization method with multiple conservation and dissipation laws
Authors: Chandramouli Sathyanarayanan , Farhat Aseel , H Musslimani Ziad
Published: February 2022

The time dependent spectral renormalization (TDSR) method was introduced by Cole and Musslimani as a novel way to numerically solve initial boundary value problems. An important and novel aspect of the TDSR scheme is its ability to incorporate physics in the form of conservation laws or dissipation rate equations. However, the method was limited to include a single conserved or dissipative quantity. The present work significantly extends the computational features of the method with the (i) incorporation of multiple conservation laws and/or dissipation rate equations, (ii) ability to enforce versatile boundary conditions, and (iii) higher order time integration strategy. The TDSR method is applied on several prototypical evolution equations of physical significance. Examples include the Korteweg–de Vries, multi-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger and the Allen–Cahn equations.
Stochastic harmonic trapping of a Lévy walk: transport and first-passage dynamics under soft resetting strategies
Authors: Xu Pengbo , Zhou Tian , Metzler Ralf , Deng Weihua
Published: February 2022

We introduce and study a Lévy walk (LW) model of particle spreading with a finite propagation speed combined with soft resets, stochastically occurring periods in which an harmonic external potential is switched on and forces the particle towards a specific position. Soft resets avoid instantaneous relocation of particles that in certain physical settings may be considered unphysical. Moreover, soft resets do not have a specific resetting point but lead the particle towards a resetting point by a restoring Hookean force. Depending on the exact choice for the LW waiting time density and the probability density of the periods when the harmonic potential is switched on, we demonstrate a rich emerging response behaviour including ballistic motion and superdiffusion. When the confinement periods of the soft-reset events are dominant, we observe a particle localisation with an associated non-equilibrium steady state. In this case the stationary particle probability density function turns out to acquire multimodal states. Our derivations are based on Markov chain ideas and LWs with multiple internal states, an approach that may be useful and flexible for the investigation of other generalised random walks with soft and hard resets. The spreading efficiency of soft-rest LWs is characterised by the first-passage time statistic.
Investigation of TE and TM modes fields and injected electron dynamic in the plasma waveguide with Piet Hein cross section
Authors: Abrahimi M B , Abdoli-Arani A
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we consider a metallic waveguide with Piet Hein cross section filled by cold unmagnetized plasma. First by introducing a Piet Hein waveguide and considering a suitable approximation, wave equation as two differential equations are presented. Then electromagnetic fields for TM and TE modes in the Piet Hein waveguide filled plasma are analytically obtained and plotted. Using the boundary conditions in the Piet Hein plasma waveguide the dispersion relations for TM and TE modes are analytically derived and plotted. Electron dynamics in the fields associated with a transverse magnetic and electric wave propagating inside the considered Piet Hein plasma waveguide is investigated. The equations of electron motion in the considered Piet Hein plasma waveguide by fourth-order Runge Kutta method for TM and TE modes are solved. The motion path and kinetic energy of electron injected into the purposed configuration for two modes are graphically investigated.
Organoleptic analysis of saga seeds (Adenanthera pavonina) fermented for feasibility raw material of making tempe
Authors: Damayanti A , Bahlawan Z A S , Putri R D A , Mahendra G A , Astuti L R , Triaji D H K
Published: February 2022

Indonesia soybean imports reached 1.27 million tons in 2019 due to the low productivity of local soybean production, so that it is unable to keep pace with the public’s demand in terms of making tempe. Based on this fact, other locally produced raw materials are needed for making tempe. This study tested the feasibility of saga seeds as raw materials as substitution of soybean in terms of organoleptic properties. The method used in this research is a literature study and experimental manufacture of tempe saga with 3 variations of yeast (2, 4, and 6 grams) and 3 variations of time (12, 36, and 72 hours). Based on organoleptic analysis that have been done, this study showed the influence of yeast variation and time variation in texture, aroma, color, and millennium formed of tempe from saga seeds. This influence can occur because of the interaction between yeast and the content contained in saga seeds such as contenct of nutritional, antioxidants, and fibre. With the use of saga seeds as a tempe-making product, it is expected to increase the added value of local products to fulfil public demand for tempe.
Utilization of beverage cans waste as innovation of Balinese bride accessories in new normal era
Authors: Setyowati E
Published: February 2022

Cans are non-organic wastes that are difficult to destroy and can pollute the environment. The solution in this new normal era is by recycling cans waste into innovative for Balinese bridal accessories so that they have aesthetic value and increase selling value. The objective of the study was to determine the engineering of the waste of beverage cans as an innovative Balinese bridal accessory. The research method used the experiment, observation, documentation, descriptive analysis with sensory tests and preference tests. The results of the validity showed that all products received a very valid criteria, the highest value was obtained by the flower cap accessories 95.8%, the lowest value obtained by the Puspolembo accessories and the Nagasastra bracelets 83.3%. The sensory test results showed that the eight products are very feasible and the two products are feasible with an average of 87.5%. The results of the preference test are the eight products in the very like category and the two products in the like category with an average of 86.3%. The Balinese bridal accessories from the waste of beverage cans showed that it’s feasible and need to be developed as home economic products for craft commodities.
Study of the distribution of lead (Pb) on mangrove roots (Rhizophora mucronata) and the utilization of mangrove roots as solid fuel
Authors: Kurniati Y , Prasetya F A , Rahmat A , Maghfirah N F , Khanifa T N
Published: February 2022

Industrial activities can produce valuable products as well as produce waste that can cause disturb and endanger survival of the living things. This research discusses distribution of lead (Pb) concentrations in Rhizophora mucronata mangrove roots which was studied through diffusion equation model and utilizes the Rhizophora mucronata mangrove roots as an alternative fuel. The production and testing of charcoal in this study used a simple household scale method by varying time of coking and testing of the gases resulting from charcoal containing harmful emission gases by the test method for survival experiment on insects. The result of this research is he finite difference method used in this study can poorly represent the process of lead absorption by mangrove roots as measured by a relatively high error. The lead concentration was distributed downwardly from root bark to center of the root and difference in distribution of lead concentration in each layer decreased from the first day to the thirtieth day. Solid fuel from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove roots according to or meet the standards of SNI 01-1682-1989, namely yield test value of 37.48%, moisture content test of 3.46%, test for the content of the volatile substance 25.87%, ash content test of 1.79%.
Service improvement of regional water company (PDAM) at Surakarta City
Authors: Diharto
Published: February 2022

The regional water company (PDAM) Surakarta City is a regional company that serves drinking water needs for the people in Surakarta. In 2018, PDAM Surakarta City served 58871 customers and more than 5000 former customers. Illegal connections by former PDAM customers became one of the most dominant factors in the loss of commercial and non-physical water in PDAM Surakarta City. To reduce non-physical water leakage and improve services at PDAM Surakarta City, a study was conducted involving former PDAM customers with a total of 5000 respondents. The purpose of this study is to identify the water sources currently used by former PDAM customers and the reasons for the service discontinuation; identify the interest of former PDAM customers to reconnect; find indications of illegal connections by former customers of PDAM Surakarta City. A survey method was used with the mWater application and data analysis using SPSS. The results of the study explained the reasons for former PDAM customers to stop subscribing to the service because of the uncertainty of water flows, the poor water quality, the high water tariff, and the arrears of the customers. The former customers who are interested in reconnecting consist of 126 respondents. 2296 former customers who are demolished by invisible PDAM water lines, 84 respondents whose PDAM water meters are still installed, and 16 respondents there are former PDAM water line disconnections which are now connected to hoses/pipes, and as many as 500 respondents there are remnants of former PDAM demolition pipes. Based on the findings in the field, indications of illegal connections from 5000 respondents are strong indications as many as 5 respondents, moderate indications as many as 50 respondents, weak indications as many as 1125 respondents, and no indications as many as 3820 respondents.
Signal acquisition system based on wireless transmission for environmental sound monitoring system
Authors: Sulistyawan V N , Widhira S E , Fatin A , Salim N A
Published: February 2022

In today’s technological era, the ability to access information through digital signals, especially voice, requires sophisticated and comprehensive applications that can convert physical signals into electrical signals. Its purpose is to assist humans in displaying and analysing structured and automated data obtained from tools with their unique set of features. In this study, we used signal data for different sounds, such as rock songs, birdsong, acoustic sounds, and conversational sounds. The data is checked using software and undergoes a data acquisition process. The results of the study are expected to reinforce that environmental sound processing is predicted to assist the development of more sophisticated automated monitoring systems capable of combining voice and visual data in a complementary way.
Classification of Rastrelliger kanagurta and Rastrelliger brachysoma using Convulational Neural Network (CNN)
Authors: Kurniawan K , Sedayu B B , Hakim A R , Erawan I M S
Published: February 2022

Mackerel is an important commercial caught fish for local fishermen, including Rastrelliger kanagurta and Rastrelliger brachysoma. However, to distinguish these two species is rather difficult because of their similar appearance. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a deep learning method that can be used to classify images. One of parameters contributing to the level of accuracy is the layers number applied in CNN architecture. This study aims to classify those two species using CNN with a range of two to five convolutional layers architectures i.e CNN1, CNN2, CNN3 and CNN4, respectively. In this study, 434 images were used as a training group with 217 images for each class. The validation group consisted of 21 images for each class and the test group consisted of 19 images. The results showed that the CNN3 provided the best training and validation accuracy of respectively 100% and 92.6%. The lowest value of training loss and validation loss of 0.000057 and 0.49. The accuracy values of the CNN models using different testing images reached 94.7%.
The effect of the performance of using a boost converter on the voltage of the solar panel
Authors: Supraptono E , Abiyasa B P , Putri R D M , Andrasto T
Published: February 2022

In designing a grid-connected photovoltaic generator system, a DC-DC converter is needed to increase the photovoltaic output voltage. In designing this converter, a converter with high static gain is usually used in order to increase the photovoltaic output voltage and obtain high conversion efficiency. However, conventional converter has static gain with low output voltage. Conventional converter can only increase the output voltage from the input voltage when the Duty Cycle is 0.75. To meet the high standard of static gain, an output voltage of 2.93 – 3.59 times the input voltage is required. To overcome that problem, the authors propose the use of DC-DC converter topology. Modification on the conventional converter is carried out by adding capacitors and diodes. With the application of this converter, it can be concluded that the output voltage of the converter can be increased for photovoltaic application.
Technical study of 1.2 KWP solar plant on Tanbihul Ghofilin Islamic Boarding School Banjarnegara
Authors: Windarta J , Denis  , Firmansyah A , Avinda A I , Kusuma I A
Published: February 2022

The depletion of fossil energy, especially oil and gas, and international commitments in reducing emissions haves prompted the government to make renewable energy a top priority to maintain energy security and independence. One of the renewable energies that has great potential in Indonesia is solar energy. Indonesia’s solar energy potential reaches 207.8 GWp. However, Indonesia’s current installed capacity is only 0.085 GWp or 0.04% of the total solar energy potential in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to design and analyze the technical potential of on-grid solar plant installation at the Tanbihul Ghofilin Islamic Boarding School with a capacity of 1.2 kWp using PVsyst 7.2 software. This Solar Plant is estimated to produce 1.7 MWh of energy in one year with a Performance Ratio of 84%.
Nutritional content and preference analysis of red dragon fruit spaghetti
Authors: Saptariana  , Budiono R
Published: February 2022

Culinology was a mixture between the disciplines of food science and the culinary arts. The development of knowledge, then the culinary field developed by utilizing science that used physics and chemistry. Molecular gastronomy was a field of study that studies chemical and physical reactions as well as the transformations that occur from food during the cooking process and sensory phenomena consumed. One of the applications of molecular gastronomic techniques was the manufacture of fruit spaghetti. Spaghetti is a food that looks like noodles, the ingredients that make spaghetti are wheat flour and eggs. Fruit spaghetti was the spaghetti of fruits, in this case it used red dragon fruit. The purpose of the study to find out: 1) The public interest in dragon fruit spaghetti fruit 2) The content of vitamin C and fiber fruit spaghetti. This type of research is an experiment. The data was analyzed used descriptive of percentages. The results showed: Fondness for fruit spaghetti in aspects of colour, taste, texture and aroma the highest percentage was on the criteria of very like and like in all four sample groups. The more dragon fruit used, the higher the vitamin C and coarse fiber.
Weeds as an environmentally friendly alternative dyes
Authors: Atika  , Kamis A , Syamwil R , Widowati  , Fadia I S , Milannis A S
Published: February 2022

Synthetic dye liquid waste is a problem in the batik industry. The data showed that there are 5 rivers in Pekalongan which are dark coloured and stinks due to the batik industry’s liquid waste. The test result showed that the waste in upstream contains Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 230 mg/L and 157 mg/L in downstream, while the maximum COD treshold should only be 50 mg/L. Environmentally friendly colouring technology is currently needed in the business. Natural dyes can be an alternative to produce batik. Weeds or parasites are considered an alternative to natural dyes. Weeds are plants which the existence is not wanted by humans. This research was conducted by experimenting the application of extraction of weeds or parasites on batik fabric. The objectives of this study were, the direction of colour produced by weeds or parasites through the extraction process, and analysis of the colour lasting test.
The influence of Arenga pinnata fibres – reinforced orientation on tensile and fextural strength of epoxy matrix based composite
Authors: Widodo R D , Darsono F B , Rusiyanto  , Mukmin K , Masturi
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the tensile and flexural strength of Arenga pinnata fibres-epoxy as composite material. The Arenga pinnata fibres were soaked in 5 % NaOH solution for 2 hours. The specimens of the composite were prepared with different orientations Arenga pinnata fibres (i.e. 0° + 0°, 0° + 45°, 0° + 90°, and 45° + 90°). The Arenga pinnata fibres were mixed with epoxy and hardener also at the fibres volume percentage of 40%. The hand lay-up (HLU) process in this experiment was to produce a specimen test. The dimension of the specimen test for the tensile and flexural test was adapted from the ASTM D-3039 and ASTM D-7090 03 respectively. Results from the tensile test and flexural test of Arenga pinnata fibres reinforced epoxy composite, show the orientation 0° + 0° has the maximum of tensile and flexural strength, which are the value of tensile and flexural strength are 77.385 MPa and 76.38 MPa respectively. The tensile test shows that the fibres orientation parallel to the tensile force will give a maximum strengthening effect. The bending test shows that the orientation of the fibres across the compression force will produce maximum flexural strength.
Preparation and characterization of activated carbon derived from the bovine bone doped urea as an electrode material
Authors: Khoirina N , Nugraheni A F , Alfian A A , Rengga W D P
Published: February 2022

Activated carbon was prepared as an electrode by utilizing available bovine bone waste. This material is an alternative to graphene, which still has a high price value. The aims of this study were to characterize and analyze the effect of urea on the manufacture of activated carbon as an electrode, and to analyze the performance of ultracapacitors from modified electrodes combined with several electrolytes. Urea is formulated because it has a nitrogen group in the activated carbon synthesis process. Treatment of bovine bone carbon started from size reduction and carbonization, activation with KOH. While the carbon modification process added urea (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) and continued with washing and neutralization. Activated carbon powder has hydroxyapatite, CaO, and CaOH, which maintains its macroscopic structure during combustion. On the carbon surface there are active groups such as hydroxyl, amine derivatives, phosphates. Carbon with a large surface area has nanometer-sized porosity and pore volume so that it can be used to provide space for energy storage. The results showed that the carbon added with urea (1:2) had the best characterization. The performance of the ultracapacitor was measured by its capacitance of 292 F/g and 0.1 A/g in the organic electrolyte liquid TEABF4.
The effect of hydroxyapatite concentration on the mechanical properties and degradation rate of biocomposite for biomedical applications
Authors: Fitriyana D F , Nugraha F W , Laroybafih M B , Ismail R , Bayuseno A P , Muhamadin R C , Ramadan M B , Qudus A RA , Siregar J P
Published: February 2022

Biocomposite is a material that have potential to heal injured bones and teeth due to their biocompatible, non-toxic, non-inflammation, and bioactive properties which can prevent infections that occurs frequently during surgical processes. Biocomposites made of PLA, PCL, and HA from bovine bone as a substitute for metal materials in medical applications have been widely studied. However, there are limited studies on the biocomposites made of PLA, PCL, and HA from green mussel shells. Therefore, this study aims to produce biocomposites from Polylactic Acid (PLA), Polycaprolactone (PCL), and Hydroxyapatite (HA) from green mussel shells and to determine the effect of HA concentration on the mechanical properties and degradation rate of the resulting biocomposite. 80 ml of chloroform was used to dissolve 16 grams of a PLA/PCL mixture with a composition of 80% and 20%. After 30 minutes, the solution was agitated for 30 minutes with a magnetic stirrer at 50°C and 300 rpm. After obtaining a homogenous solution, hydroxyapatite was added in percentages of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the total weight of the PLA/PCL mixture. The resulting mixture is poured into a glass mold in accordance with ASTM D790. Three-point bending, density, and biodegradable test were performed to investigate the effect of HA content on the mechanical properties and degradation rate of the biocomposite. The results of this study indicate that the mechanical properties of the biocomposite improved with the HA concentration increases. However, the more HA content used, the faster the biocomposite degrades.
Optimization of the pH of mosquito repellent from citronella using response surface methodology
Authors: Handayani P A , Hartanto D , Eden W T , Anyelir D F , Salsabila G R H H
Published: February 2022

Citronella is a source of essential oil obtained from steam distillation. The production of citronella oil is quite high; therefore, it can be applied in various fields. One of its applications is as an active substance in mosquito repellent creams. The citronella oil used in this study contained 11.59% citronellol content at a retention time of 16.544 minutes and citronellol content of 14.78% at a retention time of 27.165 minutes using the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry method. In the manufacture of mosquito repellent creams, there are still mismatches in the composition between variables, so there is a need for optimization in this study. Optimization in this study using Response Surface Methodology model Central Composite Design on Statistica 10 software with 19 treatments. The method used was the addition of independent variables, citronella oil (2-4%), stearic acid (10-16%) and cetyl alcohol (4-6%) processed using the RSM-CCD method to determine the optimum pH. Optimization results with RSM at pH resulted in optimum conditions for citronella oil content of 2.1591%, stearic acid 18.045% and cetyl alcohol 6.6818% with a pH of 6.1.
Evaluation of 35 kWp on grid solar power plant based on economic and environmental factors in ESDM office Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
Authors: Sunardiyo S , Winarsih T
Published: February 2022

The existence of Solar Power Plant is very much needed in supplying clean, cheap and sustainable electricity. New renewable energy power plants are very important to replace power plants that use fossil fuels. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of Solar Power Plant that is how much the operational costs and how much CO2 emissions can be reduced. This study describes an investment feasibility assessment or economic analysis using the calculation of NPV (Net Present Value), PI (Probability Index) and DPP (Discount Payback Period) and environmental analysis, that is knowing the amount of CO2 emission reduction from the use of Solar Power Plant analysed using criteria according to IPCC standards (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). The research location of Solar Power Plant on Grid 35 KWP Office of the Energi and Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM), Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the NPV of this PV mini-grid > 0 is Rp. 3,331,537.-PI, 1.0039, DPP 24 years 6 months and Payback Period 8.74 years, which means this investment is feasible to continue. Meanwhile, the CO2 emission that can be reduced is 44.718.42 kgCO2/year. These results indicate that Solar Power Plant on Grid 35 KWP the ESDM office location in Central Java is feasible and profitable from an economic and environmental criterion.
Data warehouse capability maturity model assessment for efficient monitoring process: a case study in National Narcotics Board
Authors: Fahmi  , Hidayanto A N , Solikin  , Indriany H S , Prastya A , Mardiansyah S F
Published: February 2022

Data Warehouse/Business Intelligence nowadays has become a necessity for every organization. Data analysis supports in making decisions and policies. The problem is the data warehouse management process, both related to ETL, data modelling, and data architecture, which results in the non-optimal and inefficient dashboard that wastes energy, as a data monitoring tool in displaying important information needed by the organization. This research was conducted by providing an assessment to the working group team in the data warehouse section using the Spruit & Sacu Data Warehouse Capability Maturity Model (DWCMM) to measure the maturity of the data warehouse at the National Narcotics Board. The results showed that the DWCMM maturity level is at the repeatable level, from the measurement results it can be seen that the worst DW category is in the Service Processes component so that many improvements need to be made to increase the DWCMM maturity level. As a recommendation, it is necessary to design a virtual integrated DW architecture that has real-time updates, data quality system, automatic synchronization of data modelling, standardization of metadata, realtime ETL monitoring management, closed-loop & BI real-time BI application, and improves the development process and process services in the management of DW/BI at BNN to become more efficient.
Post occupancy evaluation for green building certificated (case study UGM law centre building)
Authors: Nugradi D N A
Published: February 2022

Green building has recently become the main approach in the construction of a building, including in Indonesia. A building that has been certified as a green building does not mean that it has all the components that meet the requirements of comfort, health and safety, especially if the main goal for certification is to pursue energy efficiency in buildings. The purpose of this study is to describe the level of user satisfaction of the UGM Law Learning Center building after the building is certified as a green building. This type of research is a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) in the form of survey research with a quantitative descriptive approach. The steps to be taken are: identification of building performance based on the EDGE instrument, identification of building data, interviews, observations, data search through questionnaires, quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study indicate that, in general, the spaces in the building have met the activity needs and user comfort, but there are several aspects that need to be improved, namely: visual comfort, cleanliness, and spatial efficiency.
Redesign Gajah Mungkur park in Semarang City as public space and green open space with using the concept “hidden layer of Semarang”
Authors: Wicaksono D , Pratiwi I , Wibowo A A
Published: February 2022

City parks, as open spaces in metropolitan environments, are well suited to serve as a gathering place for city inhabitants to engage in a variety of valuable activities, purposes, and interests. The presence of open space is a crucial factor in a city’s ability to preserve its ecological sustainability. Gajah Mungkur Park is one of the quite shady parks in the Candi area of Jl. S. Parman, Semarang City. Gajah Mungkur Park is unique and has the potential to become a tourist destination, particularly in support of Semarang’s “Green City”. Actually, Gajah Mungkur Park belongs to the City Government, there are several obstacles faced, the park area has not been arranged, there are no adequate facilities, irregular street vendors, difficult road access, irregular parking areas, limited parks and lack of attention from the government. This service method is carried out with primary and secondary literature studies, observations, data collection, and interviews to strengthen, empower, direct the community or stakeholders to optimize the management of park potential and the environment at Taman Gajah Mungkur. In redesigning Gajah Mungkur Park, the concept of “Hidden Layer of Semarang” is used, namely some details of the arrangement concept ideas that will be applied (1) Vegetation Boundary, the concept of vegetation as a hidden layer which also functions as a buffer for air pollution and vehicle noise, (2) Refurbishing – Revitalize, restore the function of the City Park and take advantage of the existing functions of towers, wells and culinary stalls, (3) Multi-Activity, offering various activities for visitors such as leisurely walks, jogging, family and neighbor gathering areas, (4) Pedestrian Engage, providing more access for pedestrians by providing parking space for vehicles with a proportional ratio, (5) Centralized Plaza, proposes a sunken plaza design concept in the form of an amphitheatre as a center of activity. From the concept of “Hidden Layer of Semarang” where the new garden design is expected to contribute to green open spaces in Semarang. Physical implementation of this concept, this park will be hidden and surrounded by vegetation so that the facilities can be enjoyed by the community when they are in the park. As a result, in order for these activities to be used maximally and sustainably, it is required to build appropriate garden landscape design and strengthen community groups through them.
Study on pavement performance of cotton straw cellulose modified asphalt
Authors: Li Zhenxia , Guo Tengteng , Chen Yuanzhao , Liu Jinyuan , Ma Junying , Wang Jing , Jin Lihui
Published: February 2022

To improve the pavement performance of heavy traffic asphalt pavement, two modifiers, cotton straw powder and cotton straw cellulose, were added to matrix asphalt. Through the tenacity test, dynamic shear rheological test, multi-stress creep recovery test and bending beam rheological test of asphalt, the tenacity, high temperature properties, viscoelastic properties and low temperature properties of three kinds of asphalt, including matrix asphalt, cotton straw powder modified asphalt and cotton straw cellulose modified asphalt, were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy and synchronous thermal analyzer were used to analyze the microstructure and thermal stability of modified asphalt. The results show that both cotton stalk powder and cotton stalk cellulose can effectively improve the tenacity, temperature sensitivity and rheological properties of asphalt. The comprehensive improvement effect of 1% cotton straw cellulose is the best, but its low temperature performance has not been improved significantly. Cotton straw cellulose and asphalt form a more stable system, thereby improving the stability of asphalt. The increase of asphaltene content and the decrease of aromatic content are due to the good oil absorption of cotton straw cellulose, and the high temperature performance of asphalt is improved.
Determination of shift factor for long-term life prediction of carbon/fiber epoxy composites using the time-temperature superposition principle
Authors: Cha Jaeho , Yoon Sungho
Published: February 2022

This study presents the way to determine the shift factor for predicting the long-term behavior of a carbon fiber/epoxy composite using the time-temperature superposition (TTS) principle. We conducted the multi-frequency, creep TTS, and stress relaxation TTS tests and obtained the dynamic mechanical analysis responses such as the storage modulus, creep compliance, and relaxation modulus. A shift factor determining the data movement is essential in creating the master curves. The shift factor was estimated using several methods such as the Arrhenius equation, William–Landel–Ferry equation, and manual shift method. The change in viscoelastic properties over a wide range of time was investigated by comparing the master curves to determine the most rational approach for estimating the shift factor. The master curves were obtained from the three methods based on the storage modulus. For the Arrhenius equation, the smooth master curves could not be obtained when applying a constant activation energy value. Still, using two activation energy values for the carbon fiber reinforced composite, the smooth master curves could be obtained. However, the manual shift method could get the master curves that overlap smoothly in the creep TTS and stress relaxation TTS, even without calculating activation energy values. Since the proposed procedure can estimate the long-term viscoelastic properties reasonably, the life span of the structure can be predicted at the design stage by using the master curves considering the viscoelastic properties.
Nested cycles with no geometric crossings
Authors: Fernández Irene , Kim Jaehoon , Kim Younjin , Liu Hong
Published: February 2022

In 1975, Erdős asked the following question: what is the smallest function 

f
(
n
)

f(n)

for which all graphs with

n
n

vertices and

f
(
n
)

f(n)

edges contain two edge-disjoint cycles

C
1

C_1

and

C
2

C_2

, such that the vertex set of

C
2

C_2

is a subset of the vertex set of

C
1

C_1

and their cyclic orderings of the vertices respect each other? We prove the optimal linear bound

f
(
n
)
=
O
(
n
)

f(n)=O(n)

using sublinear expanders.
NMDA receptor–related mechanisms of dopaminergic modulation of tDCS-induced neuroplasticity
Authors: Ghanavati Elham , Salehinejad Mohammad Ali , De Melo Lorena , Nitsche Michael A , Kuo Min-Fang
Published: February 2022

Dopamine is a key neuromodulator of neuroplasticity and an important neuronal substrate of learning, and memory formation, which critically involves glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Dopamine modulates NMDA receptor activity via dopamine D1 and D2 receptor subtypes. It is hypothesized that dopamine focuses on long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity, i.e. reduces diffuse widespread but enhances locally restricted plasticity via a D2 receptor-dependent NMDA receptor activity reduction. Here, we explored NMDA receptor–dependent mechanisms underlying dopaminergic modulation of LTP-like plasticity induced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Eleven healthy, right-handed volunteers received anodal tDCS (1 mA, 13 min) over the left motor cortex combined with dopaminergic agents (the D2 receptor agonist bromocriptine, levodopa for general dopamine enhancement, or placebo) and the partial NMDA receptor agonist D-cycloserine (dosages of 50, 100, and 200 mg, or placebo). Cortical excitability was monitored by transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor-evoked potentials. We found that LTP-like plasticity was abolished or converted into LTD-like plasticity via dopaminergic activation, but reestablished under medium-dose D-cycloserine. These results suggest that diffuse LTP-like plasticity is counteracted upon via D2 receptor-dependent reduction of NMDA receptor activity.
Mapping blood traits to structural organization of the brain in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Cui Yue , Huang Haibin , Gao Jinquan , Jiang Tianzi , Zhang Chen , Yu Shan
Published: February 2022

Hematological and biochemical blood traits have been linked to brain structural characteristics in humans. However, the relationship between these two domains has not been systematically explored in nonhuman primates, which are crucial animal models for understanding the mechanisms of brain function and developing therapeutics for various disorders. Here we investigated the associations between hematological/biochemical parameters and the brain’s gray matter volume and white matter integrity derived from T1-weighted and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in 36 healthy macaques. We found that intersubject variations in basophil count and hemoglobin levels correlated with gray matter volumes in the anterior cingulum, prefrontal cortex, and putamen. Through interactions between these key elements, the blood parameters’ covariation network was linked with that of the brain structures, forming overarching networks connecting blood traits with structural brain features. These networks exhibited hierarchical small-world architecture, indicating highly effective interactions between their constituent elements. In addition, different subnetworks of the brain areas or fiber tracts tended to correlate with unique groups of blood indices, revealing previously unknown brain structural organization. These results provide a quantitative characterization of the interactions between blood parameters and brain structures in macaques and may increase the understanding of the body–brain relationship and the pathogenesis of relevant disorders.
Multidimensional inhibitory signatures of sentential negation in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Díaz-Rivera Mariano N , Birba Agustina , Fittipaldi Sol , Mola Débora , Morera Yurena , de Vega Manuel , Moguilner Sebastian , Lillo Patricia , Slachevsky Andrea , González Campo Cecilia , Ibáñez Agustín , García Adolfo M
Published: February 2022

Background

Processing of linguistic negation has been associated to inhibitory brain mechanisms. However, no study has tapped this link via multimodal measures in patients with core inhibitory alterations, a critical approach to reveal direct neural correlates and potential disease markers.

Methods

Here we examined oscillatory, neuroanatomical, and functional connectivity signatures of a recently reported Go/No-go negation task in healthy controls and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) patients, typified by primary and generalized inhibitory disruptions. To test for specificity, we also recruited persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disease involving frequent but nonprimary inhibitory deficits.

Results

In controls, negative sentences in the No-go condition distinctly involved frontocentral delta (2–3 Hz) suppression, a canonical inhibitory marker. In bvFTD patients, this modulation was selectively abolished and significantly correlated with the volume and functional connectivity of regions supporting inhibition (e.g. precentral gyrus, caudate nucleus, and cerebellum). Such canonical delta suppression was preserved in the AD group and associated with widespread anatomo-functional patterns across non-inhibitory regions.

Discussion

These findings suggest that negation hinges on the integrity and interaction of spatiotemporal inhibitory mechanisms. Moreover, our results reveal potential neurocognitive markers of bvFTD, opening a new agenda at the crossing of cognitive neuroscience and behavioral neurology.
Genital Immune Cell Activation and Tenofovir Gel Efficacy: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Liebenberg Lenine J P , Passmore Jo Ann S , Osman Farzana , Jewanraj Janine , Mtshali Andile , Gerardo Garcia-Lerma J , Heneine Walid , Holder Angela , Archary Derseree , Ngcapu Sinaye , Sivro Aida , Mansoor Leila E , Abdool Karim Quarraisha , Abdool Karim Salim S , McKinnon Lyle R
Published: February 2022

Genital inflammation (GI) undermines topical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) efficacy through unknown mechanisms. Here, associations between activated endocervical CD4 + T-cell numbers and higher deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) concentrations suggest that competition for intracellular metabolites within HIV target cells may reduce the efficacy of antiretroviral-based PrEP in women with GI.
Analytical Validation of a Novel 6-Gene Signature for Prediction of Distant Recurrence in Estrogen Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative, Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Loughman Tony , Barron Stephen , Wang Chan-Ju Angel , Dynoodt Peter , Fender Bozena , Lopez-Ruiz Cesar , Stapleton Sharon , Fabre Aurelie , Quinn Cecily , Nodin Bjorn , Jirström Karin , Razmara Fatemeh , O’Grady Anthony , Baird Anne-Marie , Gray Steven G , Freixo Ana , Moelans Cathy B , van Diest Paul J , Duffy Michael J , O’Leary Desmond , Crown John , Bracken Adrian P , Gallagher William M
Published: February 2022

Background

OncoMasTR is a recently developed multigene prognostic test for early-stage breast cancer. The test has been developed in a kit-based format for decentralized deployment in molecular pathology laboratories. The analytical performance characteristics of the OncoMasTR test are described in this study.

Methods

Expression levels of 6 genes were measured by 1-step reverse transcription-quantitative PCR on RNA samples prepared from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast tumor specimens. Assay precision, reproducibility, input range, and interference were determined using FFPE-derived RNA samples representative of low and high prognostic risk scores. A pooled RNA sample derived from 6 FFPE breast tumor specimens was used to establish the linear range, limit of detection, and amplification efficiency of the individual gene expression assays.

Results

The overall precision of the OncoMasTR test was high with an SD of 0.16, which represents less than 2% of the 10-unit risk score range. Test results were reproducible across 4 testing sites, with correlation coefficients of 0.94 to 0.96 for the continuous risk score and concordance of 86% to 96% in low-/high-risk sample classification. Consistent risk scores were obtained across a > 100-fold RNA input range. Individual gene expression assays were linear up to quantification cycle values of 36.0 to 36.9, with amplification efficiencies of 80% to 102%. Test results were not influenced by agents used during RNA isolation, by low levels of copurified genomic DNA, or by moderate levels of copurified adjacent nontumor tissue.

Conclusion

The OncoMasTR prognostic test displays robust analytical performance that is suitable for deployment by local pathology laboratories for decentralized use.
The role of the Hippo pathway in autophagy in the heart
Authors: Maejima Yasuhiro , Zablocki Daniela , Nah Jihoon , Sadoshima Junichi
Published: February 2022

The Hippo pathway, an evolutionarily conserved signalling mechanism, controls organ size and tumourigenesis. Increasing lines of evidence suggest that autophagy, an important mechanism of lysosome-mediated cellular degradation, is regulated by the Hippo pathway, which thereby profoundly affects cell growth and death responses in various cell types. In the heart, Mst1, an upstream component of the Hippo pathway, not only induces apoptosis but also inhibits autophagy through phosphorylation of Beclin 1. YAP/TAZ, transcription factor co-factors and the terminal effectors of the Hippo pathway, affect autophagy through transcriptional activation of TFEB, a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. The cellular abundance of YAP is negatively regulated by autophagy and suppression of autophagy induces accumulation of YAP, which, in turn, acts as a feedback mechanism to induce autophagosome formation. Thus, the Hippo pathway and autophagy regulate each other, thereby profoundly affecting cardiomyocyte survival and death. This review discusses the interaction between the Hippo pathway and autophagy and its functional significance during stress conditions in the heart and the cardiomyocytes therein.
Unveiling the Genetic History of the Maniq, a Primary Hunter-Gatherer Society
Authors: Göllner Tobias , Larena Maximilian , Kutanan Wibhu , Lukas Helmut , Fieder Martin , Schaschl Helmut
Published: February 2022

The Maniq of southern Thailand is one of the last remaining practicing hunter-gatherer communities in the world. However, our knowledge on their genetic origins and demographic history is still largely limited. We present here the genotype data covering ∼2.3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms of 11 unrelated Maniq individuals. Our analyses reveal the Maniq to be closely related to the Semang populations of Malaysia (Malay Negritos), who altogether carry an Andamanese-related ancestry linked to the ancient Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherers of Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA). Moreover, the Maniq possess ∼35% East Asian-related ancestry, likely brought about by recent admixture with surrounding agriculturist communities in the region. In addition, the Maniq exhibit one of the highest levels of genetic differentiation found among living human populations, indicative of their small population size and historical practice of endogamy. Similar to other hunter-gatherer populations of MSEA, we also find the Maniq to possess low levels of Neanderthal ancestry and undetectable levels of Denisovan ancestry. Altogether, we reveal the Maniq to be a Semang group that experienced intense genetic drift and exhibits signs of ancient Hòabìnhian ancestry.
The Mw = 6.6 earthquake and tsunami of south Crete on 2020 May 2
Authors: Kalligeris Nikos , Skanavis Vassilios , Melis Nikolaos S , Okal Emile A , Dimitroulia Aggeliki , Charalampakis Marinos , Lynett Patrick J , Synolakis Costas E
Published: February 2022

On 2020 May 2, an Mw = 6.6 earthquake struck about 63 km south of Ierapetra in Crete, Greece. The earthquake generated a small tsunami which agitated local harbours. We studied this event in the context of earthquakes with seismic records in 1908, 1910, 1923, 1952, 2009 and 2013, all of similar magnitudes located south of Crete. Based on an energy-to-moment ratio, our analysis suggests that this event was neither slow nor fast, hence appropriate for using scaling laws to infer seafloor deformations. We also performed a field survey, three days after the event and present field observations from seven locations, including the island of Chrisi, where our highest measurement of 0.95 m was located. Runup along the coast of southern Crete ranged from 0.24 to 0.87 m. One tide gauge record is available for this event, and we did image analysis to obtain accurately timed water surface elevations from eyewitness videos and images. We undertook high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations using published moment tensor solutions to identify the source of the tsunami. Simulations were performed with two models, MOST (a nonlinear shallow water model) and COULWAVE (a Boussinesq-type model), to infer how different approximations of the parent equations of motion affect predictions for tsunamis of this size, which are fairly common in the Eastern Mediterranean and routinely trigger Tsunami Service Providers to issue warning messages. Based on the inter-model comparison, we conclude that the shallow-water equations are adequate in modelling this event at the distances considered, suggesting that such codes can be used to infer the tsunami source and to estimate tsunami impacts. Last, our field work revealed lack of knowledge of tsunami hazards, as most eyewitnesses remained near the waterfront, filming the associated unusual water motions instead of taking shelter on high ground.