bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ Transformation of an Amorphous Supramolecular Coating to a Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Membrane to Trigger Selective Gas Permeation
Authors: Zhang Caiyan , Wang Zhikun , Qiao Lu , Yu Liting , Pang Jia , Feng Yang , Chen Wenmiao , Fan Lili , Wang Rongming , Guo Hailing , Kang Zixi , Sun Daofeng
Published: May 2024

We introduce a “solution‐processing‐transformation” strategy, deploying solvent vapor as scaffolds, to fabricate high‐quality hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) membranes. This strategy can overcome the mismatch in processing conditions and crystal growth thermodynamics faced during the facile solution processing of the membrane. The procedure includes the vapor‐trigged in situ transformation of dense amorphous supramolecules to crystalline HOF‐16, with HOF‐11 as the transient state. The mechanism involves a vapor‐activated dissolution‐precipitation equilibrium shifting and hydrogen bonding‐guided molecule rearrangement, elucidated through combined experimental and theoretical analysis. Upon removal of the molecular scaffolds, the resulting HOF‐16 membranes showcase significant improvement in hydrogen separation performance over their amorphous counterparts and previously reported HOF membranes. The method's broad applicability is evidenced by successfully extending it to other substrates and HOF structures. This study provides a fundamental understanding of guest‐induced ordered supramolecular assembly and paves the way for the advanced manufacture of high‐performance HOF membranes for gas separation processes.
AGA8 supported Cu(I) nanoclusters as in situ generated catalysts for room temperature C‐S coupling reactions in water
Authors: Jin Hao , Fan Yun , Liu Penghao , Meng Qi , Teng Qiaoqiao
Published: May 2024

A sustainable and green catalytic strategy for C‐S coupling reactions is developed by combining micelle and transition metal. The synergistic AGA8@Cu(I) catalyst forms by spontaneous anchoring of the in situ generated Cu(I) nanoclusters onto the AGA8 micelles and has been fully characterized by FT‐IR, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDS, and ICP‐OES. The catalyst is recyclable and highly effective in mediating the conversion of halides to disulfides in water at room temperature with a broad substrate scope.
Hydrogen peroxide activation and liquid‐phase selective oxidations over Ti,Zr‐based metal–organic framework PCN‐415
Authors: Evtushok Vasilii Yu. , Zalomaeva Olga V. , Larionov Kirill P. , Ivanchikova Irina D. , Maksimchuk Nataliya V. , Kozulin Fedor S. , Chesalov Yurii A. , Kholdeeva Oxana A.
Published: May 2024

A mixed Ti,Zr‐based metal–organic framework, PCN‐415 (Porous Coordination Network), and the corresponding Ti,Zr‐oxocluster [Ti8Zr2O12(CH3COO)16] have been synthesized and comprehensively characterized by powder X‐Ray diffraction (PXRD), low‐temperature nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The catalytic performance of both PCN‐415 and the Ti,Zr‐oxocluster was evaluated in the selective oxidation of representative thioethers, alkenes, and alkylphenols using aqueous hydrogen peroxide and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as oxidants. The nature of the oxidation products formed indicates that, most likely, both Ti and Zr sites contribute to the catalytic activity of PCN‐415, although the contribution of Ti seems to be more significant. Examination of PCN‐415 after treatment with H2O2 using diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy indicates the formation of Ti peroxo complexes while Raman spectroscopy shows evidence for the formation of both Ti and Zr peroxo species. The potential formation of missing linker‐type defects and their role in facilitating catalytic activity were addressed. The stability of the PCN‐415 structure under the catalytic conditions was confirmed by PXRD. The absence of metal leaching and the heterogeneous nature of the catalysis were verified. The catalyst could be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused several times without loss of the catalytic properties.
Energy‐principle‐based analysis of elastic instability in polymer cylinders subject to surface tension
Authors: Huang Dianwu , Liu Hongfei
Published: May 2024

An elastic instability model of polymer cylinder subject to surface tension is studied by energy functional analysis. The no‐classical boundary conditions and equilibrium equation are derived by introducing stress double harmonic function. The criteria of instability with surface tension contribution are deduced by substituting stress solution into boundary conditions. The results show that the criterion equation of elastic instability is relevant to the radius and intrinsic scale and instable wavelength or wavenumber of cylinder. Therefore, the relation between shear modulus and surface tension has the same trend comparing with the result of Barrierès' et al. This study provides insights into the instability of polymer and has important implications for the development of nanoscale cylindrical element in micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) or nano electro mechanical systems (NEMS).
Two approaches to prepare cationic lignin‐based adsorbents for efficient removal of phosphate ion from wastewater
Authors: Zhang Yihao , Sun Yingnan , Li Haiming , Shi Haiqiang , Niu Meihong , Wang Xing , Chu Tingting , Wang Zhiwei , Guo Yanzhu
Published: May 2024

In this work, two types of cationic lignin‐based adsorbents (AL‐METAC and AL‐GTA) were prepared through free radical polymerization or etherification reaction of alkali lignin with 2,3‐epoxypropyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chloride or methylacrylloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (METAC). The contents of quaternary ammonium groups in the adsorbents were adjusted by changing the dosages of 2,3‐epoxypropyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chloride and METAC to fabricate the adsorbents with excellent adsorption capacity. The structures, aqueous solubility, and physical properties of adsorbents were analyzed. Meanwhile, the effects of adsorbents dosage, pH value of solution, temperature, and ionic strength on the adsorption capacity of adsorbents were also analyzed. These two types of adsorbents exhibited outstanding affinity for phosphate, with a maximum removal efficiency of 51.8 and 73.2 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption processes followed pseudo‐second‐order and Langmuir models well. In addition, the AL‐GTA exhibited higher removal efficiency than AL‐METAC. Moreover, the AL‐METAC and AL‐GTA still retained 69.7% and 69.0% adsorption capacity after four times regeneration. The fabricated lignin‐based adsorbents have potential applications in the removal of phosphate from wastewater, which would promote the high‐value application of lignin.
Synthesis of star‐shaped epoxy resin with excellent mechanical properties using triazine as a skeleton
Authors: Qiao Fangke , Ji Jiawei , Zhao Chuanqing , Wang Fan , Deng Shifeng
Published: May 2024

The high‐performance development of advanced resin matrix composites has resulted in higher requirements for the mechanical strength and toughness of epoxy resin matrices. However, enhancing the toughness of the epoxy resin while maintaining its mechanical strength remains a considerable challenge. In this study, we utilized triazine rings as the skeleton, and introduced flexible chain segments and other forces into the polymer cross‐linked network to fabricate a star‐shaped epoxy resin (CNE) with exceptional mechanical properties. Benefiting from its meticulously designed rigid‐flexible integrated structure, after curing by 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), it demonstrated outstanding mechanical properties. The storage modulus of CNE/DDM was measured at up to 5.48 GPa; moreover, its tensile modulus and strength went as high as 5.04 GPa and 134.72 MPa respectively, and it also exhibited an elongation at break of up to 3.35%. The mechanical properties of CNE/DDM are far superior to those of AFG‐90 (N,N‐diglycidyl‐4‐glycidyloxyaniline)/DDM. Over all, the findings of this study thus provide an effective synthesis pathway toward achieving epoxy resins with high modulus, strength, and toughness.
High‐Throughput Optimization of Magnetoresistance Materials Based on Lock‐In Thermography
Authors: Modak Rajkumar , Hirai Takamasa , Sakuraba Yuya , Mitani Seiji , Oyanagi Koichi , Yamazaki Takumi , Seki Takeshi , Uchida Ken‐ichi
Published: May 2024

With the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect serving as a vital component in modern spintronic technologies, researchers are dedicating significant efforts to improve the performance of GMR devices through material exploration and design optimization. However, traditional GMR measurement approaches are inefficient for comprehensive material and device optimization. This study proposes a high‐throughput current‐in‐plane GMR measurement technique based on thermal imaging of Joule heating utilizing lock‐in thermography (LIT). This LIT‐based technique is advantageous for efficiently evaluating films with varying compositions and thickness gradients, which is crucial for ongoing material exploration and design optimization to enhance the GMR ratio. First, it is demonstrated that using CoFe/Cu multilayers, the simple Joule heating measurement based on LIT enables quantitative estimation of the GMR ratio. Then, to confirm the usefulness of the proposed method in high‐throughput material screening, a case study is shown to investigate the GMR of CoCu‐based granular films with a composition gradient. These techniques allow to determine the optimum composition with maximum GMR ratio using the single composition‐gradient film and reveal Co22Cu78as the optimal composition, yielding the largest GMR ratio among the reported polycrystalline CoCu‐based granular films. This demonstration accelerates the material and structural optimization of GMR devices.
Enhancing multi‐site autism research through the development of a collaborative data platform
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey T. , Roth Jeffrey D. , Rosenau Kashia A. , Dwyer Patrick S. , Kuo Alice A. , Martinez‐Agosto Julian A.
Published: May 2024

Data repositories, particularly those storing data on vulnerable populations, increasingly need to carefully consider not only what data is being collected, but how it will be used. As such, the Autism Intervention Research Network on Physical Health (AIR‐P) has created the Infrastructure for Collaborative Research (ICR) to establish standards on data collection practices in Autism repositories. The ICR will strive to encourage inter‐site collaboration, amplify autistic voices, and widen accessibility to data. The ICR is staged as a three‐tiered framework consisting of (1) a request for proposals system, (2) a REDCap‐based data repository, and (3) public data dashboards to display aggregate de‐identified data. Coupled with a review process including autistic and non‐autistic researchers, this framework aims to propel the implementation of equitable autism research, enhance standardization within and between studies, and boost transparency and dissemination of findings. In addition, the inclusion of a contact registry that study participants can opt into creates the base for a robust participant pool. As such, researchers can leverage the platform to identify, reach, and distribute electronic materials to a greater proportion of potential participants who likely fall within their eligibility criteria. By incorporating practices that promote effective communication between researchers and participants, the ICR can facilitate research that is both considerate of and a benefit to autistic people.
A systematic review of procedures for establishing conditioned reinforcers
Authors: Argueta Tracy , Reichow Brian , Talhelm Paige , DeLeon Iser G.
Published: May 2024

Establishing conditioned reinforcers is often critical to treatment for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). Although researchers have evaluated several procedures, methods and results vary across studies, making it difficult to draw conclusions about these procedures' general and relative effectiveness. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the overall and relative effectiveness of stimulus‐stimulus (S‐S) pairing, response‐stimulus (R‐S) pairing, and operant discrimination training (ODT) for establishing conditioned reinforcers for children on the autism spectrum or who have an IDD. Thirty‐one studies, including 12 theses and dissertations, met inclusion criteria. Eight studies evaluated S‐S pairing, 20 evaluated R‐S pairing, and nine evaluated ODT. Combined, S‐S pairing, R‐S pairing, and ODT were effective at establishing conditioned reinforcers in only half of all attempts. However, analysis indicated that R‐S pairing is the most effective procedure, followed by S‐S pairing and ODT, in that order.
Status and future developments for downstream processing of biological products
Authors: Jungbauer Alois , Ferreira Gisela , Butler Michelle , D'Costa Susan , Brower Kevin , Rayat Andrea , Willson Richard
Published: May 2024

Governments and biopharmaceutical organizations aggressively leveraged expeditious communication capabilities, decision models, and global strategies to make a COVID‐19 vaccine happen within a period of 12 months. This was an unusual effort and cannot be transferred to normal times. However, this focus on a single vaccine has also led to other treatments and drug developments being sidelined. Society expects the pharmaceutical industry to provide an uninterrupted supply of medicines. However, it is often overlooked how complex the manufacture of these compounds is and what logistics are required, not to mention the time needed to develop new drugs. The overarching theme, therefore, is patient access and how we can help ensure access and extend it to low‐ and middle‐income countries. Despite unceasing efforts to make medications available to all patient populations, this must never be done at the expense of patient safety. A major fraction of the costs in biopharmaceutical manufacturing are for drug discovery, process development, and clinical studies. Infrastructure costs are very difficult to quantify because they often depend on whether a greenfield facility or an existing, depreciated facility is used or adapted for a new product. To accelerate process development concepts of platform process and prior knowledge are increasingly leveraged. While more traditional protein therapeutics continue to dominate the field, we are also experiencing the exciting emergence and evolution of other therapeutic formats (bispecifics, tetravalent mAbs, antibody‐drug conjugates, enzymes, peptides, etc.) that offer unique treatment options for patients. Protein modalities are still dominant, but new modalities are being developed that can be learned from including advanced therapeutics‐like cell and gene therapies. The industry must develop a model‐based strategy for process development and technologies such as continuous integrated biomanufacturing must be adopted. The overall conclusion is that the pandemic pace was unsustainable, focused on vaccine delivery at the expense of other modalities/disease targets, and had implications for professional and personal life (work‐life balance). Routinely reducing development time from 10 years to 1 year is nearly impossible to achieve. Environmental aspects of sustainable downstream processing are also described.
Assessment of Moroccan Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil: Chemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Toxicological, and Antinociceptive Effects
Authors: Raoui Karima , Kabdy Hamid , Ettitaou Amina , Aitbaba Abdelfatah , Baslam Abdelmounaim , Benrazzouk Karima , Ait Laaradia Mehdi , Laaradraoui Jawad , Oufquir Sara , Elyazouli Loubna , Aboufatima Rachida , Garzoli Stefania , Chait Abderrahman
Published: May 2024

Assessment of Moroccan Cannabis sativa Seed Oil: Chemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Toxicological, and Antinociceptive Effects. by K. Raoui et al., Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco. Cannabis sativa L., locally known as “El kif”, belongs to the Cannabaceae family. This study aims to conduct a chemical analysis of Cannabis sativa seed oil (CSSO) and assess its acute toxicity, antioxidant properties, and analgesic effects. The chemical analysis was performed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify fatty acids (FAs) contents. Antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using the (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) DPPH radical scavenging method and the (ferric reducing antioxidant power) FRAP method. Concurrently, acute toxicity, along with antinociceptive activity, was studied through three distinct animal models: writhing test, formalin test, and hot plate test. The results revealed that linoleic acid, oleic acid, α‐linolenic acid, and palmitic acid were the main components of CSSO. The LD50 of CSSO was greater than 5 g/kg, indicating low toxicity. Additionally, CSSO exhibited a significant content of flavonoids and total polyphenols, along with notable antioxidant activity with important values. The results indicated a significant increase in thermal stimulus latency, a reduction in the number of writhes induced by acetic acid, and a decrease in licking time in both phases of the formalin test. In conclusion, this study suggests promising results for CSSO, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic agent.
Benign adrenal cyst: A rare type of adrenal incidentaloma
Authors: Yamamoto Koichiro , Oguni Kohei , Otsuka Fumio
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

We present a patient with hypertension who developed a rare type of incidentaloma, a benign adrenal cyst. Benign adrenal cysts are typically large; however, most are nonfunctioning and asymptomatic, and they can be managed conservatively.
COVID‐19 presenting as severe acute hepatitis in a pediatric patient with thalassemia minor: A case report
Authors: Jamalvi Syed Abdan , Rauf Sameer Abdul , Sherali Atika , Ali Syed Khizar , Shah Hussain Haider , Jamalvi Filza , Yogeeta Fnu , Dave Tirth
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case emphasizes the significance of COVID‐19 in pediatric patients presenting with unusual hepatic manifestations, urging clinicians to broaden their diagnostic lens. The unexpected elevation of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies and the effective use of N‐acetyl cysteine highlight the importance of adaptability in treatment strategies.

This case report presents a unique manifestation of severe hepatic involvement in a 4‐year‐old girl with thalassemia minor and COVID‐19. Despite the absence of prominent respiratory symptoms, the patient exhibited jaundice, elevated liver enzymes, and coagulopathy. Initial suspicion of viral hepatitis was replaced by the discovery of significantly elevated SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies. A multidisciplinary approach, including gastroenterology consultation and an extensive workup, was pivotal in ruling out alternative etiologies. Unconventional use of N‐acetyl cysteine contributed to clinical improvement, highlighting the need for adaptable treatment strategies. This case underscores the importance of heightened awareness in recognizing atypical presentations of COVID‐19 in pediatric patients, especially those with underlying health conditions. Further exploration into nuanced manifestations and treatment approaches is warranted for comprehensive clinical management.
Meckel's diverticulum: A rare and missed cause of adult gastrointestinal bleed
Authors: Ramakrishnan Rahul , Kuang Kevin , Rajput Vijay , Mohan Sachin
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Our report details a rare case of gastrointestinal bleeding in an adult male from Meckel's diverticulum. Diagnostic tests were negative except for technetium‐99m pertechnetate scintigraphy with SPECT/CT, highlighting importance of diverse modalities.
Sphincter of oddi dysfunction induced by ketamine: A case report
Authors: Sharma Nava Raj , Basnet Arjun , Lamichhane Saral , Tiwari Kripa , Varghese Jeffy , Gautam Sudarshan , Pokhrel Madalasa
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Chronic ketamine use can lead to sphincter of oddi dysfunction (SOD), causing various hepatobiliary complications. Recognizing substance abuse history is vital for early detection. Timely intervention can prevent irreversible liver and pancreas damage.

Ketamine is commonly abused as a recreational drug worldwide due to its ability to induce euphoria‐like effects. Ketamine abuse is associated with many hepatobiliary side effects ranging from cholestasis to biliary sepsis and death. Here we present a case of a young 29‐year female with upper abdominal pain due to SOD resulting from chronic use of ketamine. SOD can result in obstruction or dysfunction of the bile and pancreatic ducts. Ketamine induces SOD by activation of the muscarinic receptors in the sphincter of oddi. Detail history of substance abuse is crucial for early identification of ketamine‐induced SOD. Early identification and treatment of this rare condition can prevent permanent injury to the liver and pancreas.
The Integral Role of Conjugate Acids in Brønsted Base‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Synthesis
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ru , Marri Gangababu , Lin Wenwei
Published: May 2024

Catalyst‐controlled diversity‐oriented synthesis (CatDOS) is an important research area for expanding molecular complexities and achieving high atomic economics. Many regiodivergent syntheses have been achieved through metal catalysis, covalent organocatalysis, and non‐covalent organocatalysis by controlling the molecular recognition function of the catalysts. However, the development of regiodivergent CatDOS through Brønsted base organocatalysis was relatively less developed than others so far. Numerous studies about Brønsted base organocatalysis have demonstrated the powerful molecular recognition abilities of their cationic conjugate acids mainly in controlling the stereoselectivity instead of the regioselectivity. This concept review aims to conceptualize a new perspective to consider the potential role of the cationic conjugate acid of Brønsted bases for regiodivergent CatDOS. Recent representative examples are selected to demonstrate the potential of cationic conjugate acids in site‐selectivity control in single bond and multiple bonds formation reactions. The summarized results show that even the conjugate acid of common tertiary amines, protic ammonium ions, could affect the regioselectivity in the early‐ or late‐stage step during multiple bonds formation after initial deprotonation. The results also suggested that the properties and ion‐pairing interactions of conjugate acid could be more important than the basicity of the base in controlling regioselectivity. Perspectives and hypotheses for explaining the mechanism of regioselectivity are also included in this review.
Surface Engineering of Noble Metal Nanocrystals for Selective Hydrogenation
Authors: Lai Xiaofei , Liang Xijie , Wang Shuai , Xu Yong
Published: May 2024

The selective hydrogenation has attracted increasing attention to chemists for the production of value‐added products in chemical industry. Over the past several decades, substantial effort has been devoted to the design of catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of light alkynes and α, β‐unsaturated aldehydes, two classic cases for selective hydrogenation in chemical industry. Despite the great progress, it remains great challenges to achieve the selective hydrogenation because the desired products are generally thermodynamically unfavored. Here, we summarize the recent advances on selective hydrogenation using noble metal nanocrystals, with an emphasis on the surface engineering of noble metal nanocrystals for the selective hydrogenation of light alkynes and α, β‐unsaturated aldehydes. We will highlight the strategies for surface engineering, the advanced techniques for characterizations, as well as mechanism studies. We hope this review will promote chemists to develop efficient and robust catalysts for selective hydrogenation.
A pragmatic randomized trial of mailed fecal immunochemical testing to increase colorectal cancer screening among low‐income and minoritized populations
Authors: Martínez María Elena , Roesch Scott , Largaespada Valesca , Castañeda Sheila F. , Nodora Jesse N. , Rabin Borsika A. , Covin Jennifer , Ortwine Kristine , Preciado‐Hidalgo Yesenia , Howard Nicole , Schultz James , Stamm Nannette , Ramirez Daniel , Halpern Michael T. , Gupta Samir
Published: May 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is underused, particularly among low‐income and minoritized populations, for whom the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has challenged progress in achieving equity.

Methods

A hub‐and‐spoke model was used. The hub was a nonacademic organization and the spokes were three community health center (CHC) systems overseeing numerous clinic sites. Via a cluster‐randomized trial design, nine clinic sites were randomized to intervention and 16 clinic sites were randomized to usual care. Patient‐level interventions included invitation letters, mailed fecal immunochemical tests (FITs), and call/text‐based reminders. Year 1 intervention impact, which took place during the COVID‐19 pandemic, was assessed as the proportion completing screening among individuals not up to date at baseline, which compared intervention and nonintervention clinics accounting for intraclinic cluster variation; confidence intervals (CIs) around differences not including 0 were interpreted as statistically significant.

Results

Among 26,736 patients who met eligibility criteria, approximately 58% were female, 55% were Hispanic individuals, and 44% were Spanish speaking. The proportion completing screening was 11.5 percentage points (ppts) (95% CI, 6.1–16.9 ppts) higher in intervention versus usual care clinics. Variation in differences between intervention and usual care clinics was observed by sex (12.6 ppts [95% CI, 7.2–18.0 ppts] for females; 8.8 ppts [95% CI, 4.7–13.9 ppts] for males) and by racial and ethnic group (13.8 ppts [95% CI, 7.0–20.6 ppts] for Hispanic individuals; 13.0 ppts [95% CI, 3.6–22.4 ppts] for Asian individuals; 11.3 ppts [95% CI, 5.8–16.8 ppts] for non‐Hispanic White individuals; 6.1 ppts [95% CI, 0.8–10.4 ppts] for Black individuals).

Conclusions

A regional mailed FIT intervention was effective for increasing CRC screening rates across CHC systems serving diverse, low‐income populations.
Novel Solid‐State Fluorophores, a Series of Cyanostilbene‐Based Amorphous Molecular Materials
Authors: Fukushima Hiroya , Miyagishi Kou , Mori Kensuke , Sagara Yoshimitsu , Kokado Kenta , Tamaoki Nobuyuki , Nakamura Takayoshi , Nakano Hideyuki
Published: May 2024

We have designed and synthesized a novel series of cyanostilbene‐based amorphous molecular materials with different methylene chain lengths, BMAC‐n (n=3,4,5,6), and investigated their emitting properties in solution and various solid states. All BMAC‐n molecules showed solvatochromic fluorescence in solutions. Emission spectra of BMAC‐n molecules in the same solution were identical to one another irrespective of the methylene chain length while the spectra in crystalline states depended on their methylene chain length. As in solutions, emission spectra of their spin‐coated amorphous films were identical to each other irrespective of the methylene chain length. Emission spectra of rubbed amorphous films prepared by grinding their crystals were identical to those for spin‐coated amorphous films; however, comparative studies between spin‐coated and rubbed amorphous films indicated that fluorescence quantum yields and photochemical reactivity depend on the preparation method.
Predicting superior crosses in winter wheat using genomics: A retrospective study to assess accuracy
Authors: Ballén‐Taborda Carolina , Lyerly Jeanette , Smith Jared , Howell Kimberly , Brown‐Guedira Gina , DeWitt Noah , Ward Brian , Babar Md Ali , Harrison Stephen A. , Mason Richard E. , Mergoum Mohamed , Murphy J. Paul , Sutton Russell , Griffey Carl A. , Boyles Richard E.
Published: May 2024

In plant breeding, selecting cross‐combinations that are more likely to result in superior lines for cultivar development is critical. This step, however, is subjective with decisions being based on available genomic and phenotypic data for prospective parents. Genomic prediction (GP) provides new opportunities to accelerate genetic gain for a target trait by identifying superior crosses through simulation of progeny performance. In this context, this study deployed GP using the phenotype and genotype of potential parents to predict the progeny genetic variance (VG) and means of overall, inferior 10%, and superior 10% (μ, μip, and μsp, respectively). This retrospective experimental design investigated whether the crosses that produced superior soft red winter wheat breeding lines would have been made if progeny simulations had guided crossing decisions of breeding programs. Here, data from historical wheat breeding lines were used to train GP models and predict VG and means for yield, test weight, heading date, and plant height for all combinations of 217 parents. Predicted and observed data for 670 lines derived from biparental crosses were compared to assess the accuracy of progeny simulations, and low‐to‐moderate prediction accuracy was observed for the four traits (0.25–0.52). Of the pedigrees that produced lines that were selected and advanced into later stage nurseries, 76% were predicted to give rise to progeny with above‐average yield. The moderate correlation found between predicted progeny means and observed line per se performance justifies using cross‐combination prediction as a tool to reduce crossing number and focus on segregating populations that harbor future cultivars.
Prediction of dementia risk from multimodal repeated measures: The added value of brain MRI biomarkers
Authors: Bercu Ariane , Dufouil Carole , Debette Stéphanie , Joliot Marc , Tsuchida Ami , Helmer Catherine , Devaux Anthony , Bouteloup Vincent , Proust‐Lima Cécile , Jacqmin‐Gadda Hélène
Published: May 2024

The utility of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting dementia is debated. We evaluated the added value of repeated brain MRI, including atrophy and cerebral small vessel disease markers, for dementia prediction. We conducted a landmark competing risk analysis in 1716 participants of the French population‐based Three‐City Study to predict the 5‐year risk of dementia using repeated measures of 41 predictors till year 4 of follow‐up. Brain MRI markers improved significantly the individual prediction of dementia after accounting for demographics, health measures, and repeated measures of cognition and functional dependency (area under the ROC curve [95% CI] improved from 0.80 [0.79 to 0.82] to 0.83 [0.81 to 0.84]). Nonetheless, accounting for the change over time through repeated MRIs had little impact on predictive abilities. These results highlight the importance of multimodal analysis to evaluate the added predictive abilities of repeated brain MRI for dementia and offer new insights into the predictive performances of various MRI markers.

Highlights

We evaluated whether repeated brain volumes and cSVD markers improve dementia prediction.

The 5‐year prediction of dementia is slightly improved when considering brain MRI markers.

Measures of hippocampus volume are the main MRI predictors of dementia.

Adjusted on cognition, repeated MRI has poor added value over single MRI for dementia prediction.

We utilized a longitudinal analysis that considers error‐and‐missing‐prone predictors, and competing death.
Cerebrospinal fluid soluble insulin receptor levels in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Thomas Peter , Leclerc Manon , Evitts Kira , Brown Caitlin , Miller Wyatt , Hanson Angela J. , Banks William A. , Gibbons Laura , Domoto‐Reilly Kimiko , Jayadev Suman , Li Ge , Peskind Elaine , Young Jessica E. ,   the Consortium for the early identification of Alzheimer's disease‐Quebec (CIMA‐Q), Calon Frederic , Rhea Elizabeth M.
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

Brain insulin resistance and deficiency is a consistent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin resistance can be mediated by the surface expression of the insulin receptor (IR). Cleavage of the IR generates the soluble IR (sIR).

METHODS

We measured the levels of sIR present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from individuals along the AD diagnostic spectrum from two cohorts: Seattle (n = 58) and the Consortium for the Early Identification of Alzheimer's Disease‐Quebec (CIMA‐Q; n = 61). We further investigated the brain cellular contribution for sIR using human cell lines.

RESULTS

CSF sIR levels were not statistically different in AD. CSF sIR and amyloid beta (Aβ)42 and Aβ40 levels significantly correlated as well as CSF sIR and cognition in the CIMA‐Q cohort. Human neurons expressing the amyloid precursor protein “Swedish” mutation generated significantly greater sIR and human astrocytes were also able to release sIR in response to both an inflammatory and insulin stimulus.

DISCUSSION

These data support further investigation into the generation and role of sIR in AD.

Highlights

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble insulin receptor (sIR) levels positively correlate with amyloid beta (Aβ)42 and Aβ40.

CSF sIR levels negatively correlate with cognitive performance (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score).

CSF sIR levels in humans remain similar across Alzheimer's disease diagnostic groups.

Neurons derived from humans with the “Swedish” mutation in which Aβ42 is increased generate increased levels of sIR.

Human astrocytes can also produce sIR and generation is stimulated by tumor necrosis factor α and insulin.
TRPS1 function beyond breast: A retrospective immunohistochemical study on non‐breast cytology specimens
Authors: Ali Amr , Geetha Saroja , Wu Dongling , Chau Karen , Karam Priyanka , Khutti Seema , Fayyaz Silvat‐Sheik , Das Kasturi , Gimenez Cecilia , Rosca Oana C.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) has emerged as a reliable immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker for identifying breast origin in metastatic carcinomas. This study investigates the utility of TRPS1 IHC in non‐breast cytology specimens.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective search of our pathology database for the year 2021 identified fluids (pleural and peritoneal) and liver, lung and bone fine needle aspirations (FNAs) with surgical follow‐up confirming non‐breast metastatic carcinomas. Cell blocks from cases with sufficient neoplastic cells underwent immunostaining using a rabbit polyclonal antibody against human TRPS1. Cases lacking tumor on deeper levels after the original work‐up were excluded from the study. Two pathologists independently interpreted the TRPS1 staining.

Results

Of 136 cases assessed, 31 (22.79%) exhibited positive TRPS1 staining, while 105 (77.21%) were nonreactive. Positivity rates were observed in tumors of Mullerian cell origin, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and lung origin at 28.85%, 25%, and 21.57%, respectively. Of the tumors of Mullerian cell origin 10 (66.67%) were serous carcinomas, 4 (26.67%) were endometrioid carcinomas, and one (6.67%) was a clear cell carcinoma. Lung tumors comprised seven (63.64%) squamous cell carcinomas and four (36.36%) adenocarcinomas, while the gastrointestinal tumors consisted of 14 (80%) adenocarcinomas and one (20%) squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusions

Although recognized as a sensitive marker for mammary carcinomas, TRPS1 immunostaining was also detected in Mullerian, lung, and GIT carcinomas. This highlights the significance of being cautious when depending solely on TRPS1 immunostaining to distinguish metastatic breast tumors.
Unlocking the potential of hematite photoanodes in acidic electrolytes: Boosting performance with ultra‐small IrOx nanoparticles for efficient water splitting
Authors: Yuan Shao‐Yu , Li Tian‐Tian , Cui Jun‐Yuan , Sun Jian‐Kun , Gong Yan‐Shang , Braun Artur , Liu Hong , Wang Jian‐Jun
Published: May 2024

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting offers a promising route for harnessing solar energy to produce clean hydrogen fuel sustainably. A major hurdle has been boosting the performance of photoanode materials within acidic electrolytes—a critical aspect for advancing PEC technology. In response to this challenge, we report a method to augment the efficacy of hematite photoanodes under acidic conditions by anchoring IrOx nanoparticles, replete with hydroxyl groups, onto their surface. A remarkable and steady photocurrent density of 1.71 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus RHE was achieved, marking a significant leap in PEC efficiency of hematite in acidic media. The introduction of the IrOx layer notably expanded the electrochemically active surface area for more active sites, fostering improved charge separation and transfer. It also served as an effective hole capture layer, drawing photogenerated holes from hematite to facilitate swift migration to the active sites for the water oxidation process. This advancement has the potential to fully harness the capabilities of hematite photoanodes in acidic environments, thereby smoothing the path toward more effective and sustainable hydrogen production through PEC water splitting.
Deep‐sea caridean shrimps collected from the South China Sea with emphasizing their phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Gan Zhibin , Fang Xuefeng , Li Xinzheng
Published: May 2024

Despite the high biological and ecological diversity of the South China Sea, limited research has been conducted on the deep‐sea species diversity of caridean shrimps. Based on the collections from three scientific expeditions conducted in the South China Sea, 31 caridean species, belonging to nine families, were reported, including the identification of two species not previously documented in this region, namely Janicella spinicauda (A. Milne‐Edwards, 1883) and Systellaspis curvispina Crosnier, 1988. In addition to morphological features, the COI and 16S gene sequences of these species were analyzed to assess their evolutionary relationships within each family. Phylogenetic analyses, with highest species coverage to date, indicated that similarity in morphological characteristics does not always lead to closer phylogenetic relationships and some defining characteristics for specific taxa are not always synapomorphies but may be the result of convergent evolution. Our results establish reliable evolutionary relationships within specific taxa and highlight the necessity for further taxonomic revisions within these taxa.
Development of portable deterioration diagnosis device for oil filled transformers based on near‐infrared spectroscopic information
Authors: Oshima Seiichirou , Suehara Ken‐Ichiro , Fushimi Fumiya , Nakamura Hisahide , Hashimoto Atsushi
Published: May 2024

A transformer plays a key role in electric power distribution system; therefore, when the transformer fails, several electrical components may get affected. As a result, diagnosing the deterioration of transformers is important for the management of electric power distribution system. The furfural content in the insulating oil of a transformer is widely used as an indicator of deterioration because furfural is generated by the decomposition of insulating paper. However, analyzing the furfural content is time consuming because of the requirement of a professional and the complexity of the diagnosis process. In this study, we propose a novel method for analyzing the amount of furfural in the insulating oil based on near‐infrared spectroscopic data obtained using the developed portable spectrometer, which can be used for the on‐site analysis at transformer installation sites. We selected wavenumbers with high correlation coefficients between the furfural content of oil and the spectroscopic data and estimated the furfural content by partial least squares regression. The results suggest that the furfural content can be analyzed in a few minutes using a small amount of oil through a portable diagnostic device.
Development of low‐torque‐ripple motor with high rotational speed to downsize electrical systems
Authors: Hori Masahiro , Sawahata Masanori , Hara Takafumi , Nagata Minori
Published: May 2024

Electrification is progressing across different fields such as automobiles and construction machinery. Motors for electric systems are required to be compact and achieve high power density. In this study, we developed a small motor with rotation speed of 22,000 r/min by reducing stress concentration. Each pole has three magnets in the circumferential direction, and the magnets are arranged in a U‐shape. The magnet insert slots are comprised of expanded flux barriers on the inner diameter side and a guide‐less structure. The magnet slots reduce stress concentration. Additionally, the rotor has two dents on the outer diameter surface and expanded flux barriers on the outer diameter side. The dents have different shapes between the North (N) and South (S) poles. The structures reduce the torque ripple.
FeCo‐Oxalate Organic Framework as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Bao Haibo , Wang Min , Zhang Lingxia
Published: May 2024

Developing nonprecious metallic electrocatalysts for water splitting is of vital importance for sustainable environment and energy technologies. As for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), FeCo‐based bimetallic catalysts have been found to act as promising candidates owing to their high intrinsic activity. Herein, a novel FeCo‐oxalate organic framework was grown on nickel foam (FeCo‐OA@NF) under mild conditions. The optimized electrocatalyst shows good OER performance with a low overpotential of 275 mV at the current density of 100 mA cm−2 in alkaline environment, comparable to that of commercial Ru‐based catalyst. Moreover, the quantification of produced oxygen by both gas chromatography and drainage method demonstrates nearly 100 % Faradaic efficiency. Except for the contribution of Fe and Co species for the excellent OER catalytic activity, in‐situ Raman spectroscopy reveals that the positive effect of oxalate coordination also makes a difference, which can possibly reduce electron transport resistance and provide more active sites. This work provides a promising approach for the preparation of alkaline oxygen evolution electrocatalysts with low‐cost and high performance.
Moral commitment to gender equality increases (mis)perceptions of gender bias in hiring
Authors: Xiao Hualin , Marie Antoine , Strickland Brent
Published: May 2024

Exploring what modulates people's trust in evidence of hiring discrimination is crucial to the deployment of corrective policies. Here, we explore one powerful source of variation in such judgments: moral commitment to gender equality (MCGE), that is, perceptions of the issue as a moral imperative and as identity‐defining. Across seven experiments (N = 3579), we examined folk evaluations of scientific reports of hiring discrimination in academia. Participants who were more morally committed to gender equality were more likely to trust rigorous, experimental evidence of gender discrimination against women. This association between moral commitment and research evaluations was not reducible to prior beliefs, and largely explained a sex difference in people's evaluations on the issue. On a darker note, however, MCGE was associated with increased chances of fallaciously inferring discrimination against women from contradictory evidence. Overall, our results suggest that moral convictions amplify people's myside bias, bringing about both benefits and costs in the public consumption of science.
Forensic DNA phenotyping using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing system
Authors: Sapan Veysel , Simsek Sumeyye Zulal , Filoğlu Gonul , Bulbul Ozlem
Published: May 2024

In forensic science, the demand for precision, consistency, and cost‐effectiveness has driven the exploration of next‐generation sequencing technologies. This study investigates the potential of Oxford Nanopore Sequencing (ONT) Technology for analyzing the HIrisPlex‐S panel, a set of 41 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers used to predict eye, hair, and skin color. Using ONT sequencing, we assessed the accuracy and reliability of ONT‐generated data by comparing it with conventional capillary electrophoresis (CE) in 18 samples. The Guppy v6.1 was used as a basecaller, and sample profiles were obtained using Burrows–Wheeler Aligner, Samtools, BCFtools, and Python. Comparing accuracy with CE, we found that 62% of SNPs in ONT‐unligated samples were correctly genotyped, with 36% showing allele dropout, and 2% being incorrectly genotyped. In the ONT‐ligated samples, 85% of SNPs were correctly genotyped, with 10% showing allele dropout, and 5% being incorrectly genotyped. Our findings indicate that ONT, particularly when combined with ligation, enhances genotyping accuracy and coverage, thereby reducing allele dropouts. However, challenges associated with the technology's error rates and the impact on genotyping accuracy are recognized. Phenotype predictions based on ONT data demonstrate varying degrees of success, with the technology showing high accuracy in several cases. Although ONT technology holds promise in forensic genetics, further optimization and quality control measures are essential to harness its full potential. This study contributes to the ongoing efforts to refine sequence read tuning and improve correction tools in the context of ONT technology's application in forensic genetics.
Enhancing Flow Batteries: Topology Optimization of Electrode Porosity and Shape Optimization of Cell Design
Authors: Wolf Amadeus , Noack Jens , Krause Mathias J. , Nirschl Hermann
Published: May 2024

This research focuses on the improvement of porosity distribution within the electrode of an all‐vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) and on optimizing novel cell designs. A half‐cell model, coupled with topology and shape optimization framework, is introduced. The multiobjective functional in both cases aims to minimize pressure drop while maximizing reaction rate within the cell. Topology optimization results reveal dependencies on initial value, porosity constraint, and flow rate. The distribution with lower porosity is preferred downstream of the inlet manifold. This design enhances active surface area, thus facilitating more effective conversion of incoming educts and improving mass transport of products. Compared to homogeneous electrodes, two‐part design demonstrates superior performance at specific porosity values. For combined porosities of 0.7 and 0.95, optimized distribution results in 81 % reduction in pressure drop, while conversion rate decreases by 7%. As regards various cell designs, optimization suggests a need to reconsider the vertical format of a rectangular cell. Horizontal cells are favored for nearly all porosities and flow rates. Trapezoidal and radial designs characterized by reduced downstream cross sections lead to higher pressure drops and are not preferred. This work provides further valuable insight into optimizing VRFB electrodes and challenges conventional cell design assumptions.