bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAFASAN AKUT PADA PEKERJA PENAMBANG KAPUR
Authors: Widdianti Leni
Published: December 2018

Background: Limestone industrial has been polluting the air with dust and combustion gases of limestone. The main effects of limestone dust to worker that dust in the form of both acute lung disorder and chronic disruption of physiologic function, eye irritation, irritation of sensory as well as the accumulation of harmful substances in the body. The effect on the respiratory tract is the irritation of the respiratory tract (ISPA). One of the negative effects of the limestone processing activities is environmental degradation that marked the air pollution and the growing number of diseases related to the respiratory tract. in the Buliide Village on 2014 ISPA 348 cases, 185 cases of asthma, and pneumonia 10 cases. The purpose of this study is determine the factors related to the case of respiratory disease in limestone mining workers in Buliide Sub-District, Kota Barat District, Gorontalo province. Method: Type of research used in this research is observational research with cross sectional analytic study, which is a plan that examines the dynamics of the correlation or association between the independent variables (independent) and dependent variable (dependent) at the same time (Point Time Approad). The research was done at Buliide Village, Kota Baru District, Gorontalo Province in 2015. Result: The results showed that there is a relationship between working duration, age, smoking behavior, have a relation with case of respiratory disease. While working period do not have any relation with case of respiratory disease in limestone mining workers in Buliide Sub-District, Kota Barat District, Gorontalo province. Conclusion: It was advisable for the government to provide education on prevention and control of dust hazards, information dangers of smoking, and health check on where the service is available.
PIDATO DALAM MENARIK PERHATIAN SIMPATISAN DI MASA KAMPANYE
Authors: Mbira Yohanes Sribeny
Published: December 2018

ABSTRAKPidato memiliki kemampuan yang dapat mempengaruhi dan menarik perhatian setiap pendengarnya. Hal ini disebabkan karena pidato memiliki kekuatan kata-kata yang sangat luar biasa dan tidak dapat diperkirakan atau ditebak oleh orang lain sebelumnya. Pidato dalam pembahasan karya tulis ini lebih difokuskan pada bagaimana pidato dalam menarik perhatian simpatisan di masa kampanye. Pidato yang baik dan terstruktur di masa kampanye akan mendapatkan nilai positif dari masyarakat yang kemudian dengan kesamaan paham akan memunculkan simpatisan yang baik pula. Oleh sebab itu, kaitannya mengenai pidato di masa kampanye, tokoh-tokoh yang berpidato harus membawa pengaruh, informasi, gagasan, dan ide yang benar kepada khalayak publik.
Studi Pengembangan dan Efektivitas Model Penulisan Karya Ilmiah berbasis Online Data dengan menggunakan Aplikasi Endnote bagi Guru-guru MGMP Kimia Kota Padangpanjang
Authors: Zainul Rahadian , Oktavia Budhi , Nasra Edi , Arianti Visca Alisia , Fatimah Putri , Liza Yulia Mona , Setiadi Trihanto
Published: December 2018

In writing scientific work, a work system is needed online (online) so that the search process is fast and accurate. The online data-based writing model with endnote application is an alternative model of scientific writing that can be applied to school teacher teachers and lecturers. The purpose of this study was to develop a model of scientific writing and measure the effectiveness of its application to MGMP Chemistry teachers in Padang Panjang City. The method used is the development of the ADDIE model and the success test with CV (Coefficient of Variations). Implementation is carried out on all Chemistry teacher teachers who are members of the Padangpanjang City Chemical MGMP. Each teacher will receive training and assistance in creating an Online Library as a database. The training continued with the application of the preparation of scientific works based on student learning outcomes data in each school. From the results of the study, it was found that the level of ease in literacy and compilation of scientific work reached 70% SS and 30% S. The level of interest of Master in compiling scientific work with Endnote reached 30%. SS san 70% S. The desire of participants to start compiling scientific work reaches 20% US, 60% S and 20% SS. The training effectiveness test found that the coefficient of variation had decreased from 2.75% to 1.63%, so it could be concluded that the model for the preparation of scientific work was successfully applied to the Teachers of the Padangpanjang Chemical MGMP
Tugas Filsafat Pancasila (Keragaman Multikulturalisme Kekuatan NKRI Berdasarkan Pancasila)
Authors: Daniel
Published: December 2018

Indonesia merupakan negara multikultural karena negara ini memiliki keragaman suku bangsa dan agama. Keragaman suku bangsa merupakan sekumpulan manusia yang memiliki suatu kesatuan budaya yang diikat oleh kesadaran dan identitas budaya tersebut. Di negara Indonesia, agama menjadi faktor terpenting dalam menjalin kehidupan secara bersama pada suatu wilayah atau kumpulan masyarakat. Indonesia terkenal sebagai negara majemuk. Hal ini tercermin dengan adanya semboyan yang menjadi pemersatu rakyat Indonesia “Bhineka Tunggal Ika” yang memiliki arti meski berbeda-beda tetapi tetap satu. Kemajemukan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia terdiri atas suku bangsa, budaya, agama, ras, dan bahasa. Negara menjadi kepemilikan bersama seluruh lapisan masyarakat Indonesia dalam berbagai macam perbedaan agama.Pendirian suatu negara pasti tidak akan pernah lepas dari suatu tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Tujuan merupakan suatu keinginan yang akan dicapai dan dikejar serta diusahakan oleh seluruh anggota masyarakat yang mendiami negara tersebut. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai tentu tidak akan pernah lepas dari kehidupan yang baik dalam tatanan hidup bersama. Menjadi suatu perkara yang rumit di negara Indonesia ini dengan berbagai macam keberagaman agama yaitu sulitnya memahami hubungan antara agama dan negara. Negara ini sejak pertama kali berdiri sudah berhadapan dengan situasi fakta kemajemukan sehingga perlu disatukan dengan membangun visi dan misi membangun Negara ini.Pancasila sebagai dasar negara diharapkan mampu menjadi landasan untuk dapat mempersatukan kemajemukan setiap lapisan masyarakat Indonesia. Sehingga dengan didasarkan pada Pancasila keanekaragaman budaya, suku, ras, dan agama menjadi pondasi terkuat bagi keutuhan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.
JOKOWI YANG DIANGGAP PKI
Authors: rukmanawati
Published: December 2018

Pada tahun 2019 nanti rakyat Indonesia akan mengadakan pesta demokrasi yaitu pemilihan presiden dan wakil presiden. Hal tersebut tentu sangat ditunggu-tunggu oleh rakyat Indonesia karena ini hanya di adakan 5 tahun sekali. Tetapi ada saja cara-cara antara satu kubu dengan kubu yang lainnya yang dilakukan untuk menarik perhatian masyarakat. Contohnya : dengan menyebar berita-berita hoax.Berita hoax yang saat ini sedang gempar adalah tentang bapak presiden jokowi. Beliau akan kembali mengikuti pemilihan presiden 2019. jika beliau terpilih maka beliau akan kembali menjabat sebagai kepala negara. Ada yang menyebar berita jika beliau adalah PKI. Padahal hal tersebut sangatlah tidak masuk akal.
Konsep manajemen publik
Authors: fathana Nurul
Published: December 2018

Assalamualaykum warohmatullahi wabarokatu
Peran Warga Sekolah dalam Pembudayaan Nilai-Nilai Edukatif Lagu-Lagu Minang Melalui Gerakan Literasi di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Desyandri Desyandri
Published: December 2018

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap dan menginterpretasikan peran warga sekolah dalam menumbuhkembangkan literasi budaya melalui lagulagu Minang di sekolah dasar. Peran tersebut ditentukan oleh latar belakang, peran, dan intervensi budaya serta menjalin hubungan kerjasama yang baik antar warga sekolah, memberikan contoh sikap tauladan, sehingga memunculkan kesadaran kolektif untuk senantiasa membudayakan nilai-nilai edukatif tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari peserta didik secara kontiniu, baik ketika berada di sekolah atau dimasyarakat.
Kasus Mafia Bola Ditinjau dari Actus Humanus dan Hati Nurani
Authors: Yohanes Yulius Kriswida
Published: December 2018

Dewasa ini, kasus mafia bola terus tak hentinya tersebar. bukan hanya di Indonesia, dunia pun juga merasakannya. solusi terbaik sudah dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Hanya saja di Indonesia, Federasi seakan tutup mata pada kasus ini. Segala opsi yang mereka berikan, segala janji hingga saat ini tak ada satu pun yang terpenuhi. Yang jadi pertanyaan, sampai kapan ini akan terus terjadi? Kapan mafia tetap merajalela? Entahlah. Mungkin hanya Tuhan yang tahu. sifat tahu, mau, dan bebas menjadi opsi yang dilakukan mafia serta Federasi dalam kasus ini. Mereka tahu ini salah, tapi mereka mau melakuaknnya, dan ada kebebasan disana. Dari sisi hati nurani pun, sesat menjadi kejelasan dalam hati nurani mereka. Tumpul yang sangat tumpul, bahkan tidak ada jalan keluar dari ketumpulan hati mereka kecuali Tuhan yang menegur. Kita sebagai penikmat sepak bola dan masyarakat biasa sudah melakukan apa yang kita lakukan. Selanjutnya, biarlah Tuhan yang melanjutkan keinginan-Nya.
Sebuah Pandangan Komprehensif akan Normative Marketing Ethics
Authors: Setiawan Budi
Published: December 2018

Pandangan filosofis dari marketing ethics bersifat normatif, berfokus pada nilai, dan terkait dengan pembenaran mengapa standar etika tertentu dapat diimplementasikan pada suatu praktek tertentu dan alasan yang mendasarinya. Diskusi terkait ethics dari pandangan positif lebih dominan dibandingkan dari pandangan normatif, sehingga menciptakan gap yang menjadi penting untuk didiskusikan lebih lanjut. Artikel ini berusaha membahas sebuah pandangan komprehensif akan normative marketing ethics dalam konteks umum, maupun dalam konteks pemasaran internasional. Dalam upaya memberikan wawasan yang lebih menyeluruh terkait ethics, maka didiskusikan pula ethics dalam sudut pandang konsumen.
Nilai kemanusiaan dalam Pancasila menurut gagasan Soekareno dan Relevansinya terhadap tindakan kekerasan siswa di mojokerto
Authors: rosmini natalia
Published: December 2018

Negara Indonesia mempunyai orang-orang yang memiliki pola pikir yang brilian dalam mempersiapkan kemerdekaan, mereka saling berkerja sama dan melontarkan gagasannya demi mencari dasar yang kuat seharusnya para pendidik atau para guru juga bisa melakukan hal yang sama seperti para pendiri dasar negara sebab guru-guru itu adalah sorang pendiri bagi penerus bangsa atau anak-anak bangsanya jika tampa anak-anak bangsa ini nanti tidak akan mendapat suatu kemajuan suatu negara yang lebih baik lagi. Pancasila harus diperjuangkan agar terwujud secara nyata. Soekarno berpidato mengenai perjuangan dan pengorban untuk membebaskan rakyatnya dari belenggu kolonialisme dan itu dilakukan untuk genderasnya agar dapat merasakan kemerdekaan.
TERORISME DAN NILAI PANCASILA
Authors: WIDIASTUTI AYU
Published: December 2018

Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia didirikan oleh pahlawan – pahlawan yang sangat hebat di negeri ini . Dengan perjuangan keras untuk kembali mendapatkan Negara ini. Dewasa ini akhir – akhir ini banyak sekali peristiwa – peristiwa yang mengancam Negara ini , yaitu peristiwa pengeboman ditempat ibadah dan di fasilitas umum . Tidak cuman pengeboman di tempat – tempat ibadah dan fasilitas umum lainnya tetapi juga terjadi konflik antar suku yang terjadi di wilayah indonesia . Karena adanya perbedaan keyakinan dan perbedaan pemikiran yang membuat permasalahan itu terjadi . Seharusnya itu tidak terjadi karena setiap orang berhak untuk memilih dan menyakini sesuai dengan keinginannya karena diindoneisa sudah ada HAM .
tugas filsafat moral
Authors: wijaya kevin
Published: December 2018

ABSTRAKMakalah ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh antara kasus usulan peraturan daerah tentang agama yang syariah yang akan diterapkan diIndonesia dengan teori Filsafat Moral tentang Tatanan Moral yang Objektif yang juga berpengaruh pada tatanan nilai (moral) pribadi seseorang dan dalam makalah ini akan membahasa sejauh mana pengaruh hukum dengan agama.Kata kunci : Perda Syariah, Tatanan Moral Objektif, Nilai (moral)
Improving expert evidence: the role of open science and transparency
Authors: Chin Jason , Growns Bethany , Mellor David Thomas
Published: December 2018

Both science and expert evidence law are undergoing significant changes. In this article, the authors compare these two movements – the open science movement and the evidence-based evidence movement. The open science movement encompasses the recent discovery of many irreproducible findings in science and the subsequent move towards more transparent methods. The evidence-based evidence movement is the discovery that many forms of expert evidence are unreliable, and that they have contributed to wrongful convictions. The authors identify similarities between these movements, which suggest how courts and legal actors may learn from the open science movement to produce more accurate results. Expert witnesses should comport themselves as rigorous open scientists to produce evidence that is more susceptible to evaluation. Parties should be subjected to more specific and rigorous disclosure requirements because research has shown that even leading scientists find it easy to discount and suppress findings that do not support their hypotheses. And trial judges, as gatekeepers, should not defer to the generally accepted practices that have proven insufficient in the mainstream sciences.
Interpreting Silent Gesture: cognitive biases and rational inference in emerging language systems
Authors: Schouwstra Marieke , de Swart Henriette , Thompson Bill
Published: December 2018

Natural languages make prolific use of conventional constituent-ordering patterns to indicate ‘who did what to whom’, yet the mechanisms through which these regularities arise are not well understood. A series of recent experiments demonstrates that, when prompted to express meanings through silent gesture, people bypass native language conventions, revealing apparent biases underpinning word order usage, based on the semantic properties of the information to be conveyed. We extend the scope of these studies by focusing, experimentally and computationally, on the interpretation of silent gesture. We show cross-linguistic experimental evidence that people use variability in constituent order as a cue to obtain different interpretations. To illuminate the computational principles that govern interpretation of non-conventional communication, we derive a Bayesian model of interpretation via biased inductive inference, and estimate these biases from the experimental data. Our analyses suggest people’s interpretations balance the ambiguity that is characteristic of emerging language systems, with ordering preferences that are skewed and asymmetric, but defeasible.
Samuel, D.B. & Ranseen, J.R. (2006, October). Stimulant medication’s effects on adult ADHD symptoms and NEO PI-R personality traits
Authors: Samuel Douglas B , Ranseen John D.
Published: December 2018

Previous studies have indicated a consistent profile of basic personality traits correlated with adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (e.g., Ranseen, Campbell, & Baer, 1998; Nigg et al., 2002). In particular, research has found that low scores of the Conscientiousness trait and high scores on Neuroticism have been correlated with ADHD symptomatology. However, to date there is limited information concerning the range of effect resulting from medication treatment for adult ADHD. During an 18 month period, 60 adults were diagnosed with ADHD based on strict, DSM-IV criteria at an outpatient clinic. This evaluation included a battery of neuropsychological tests and a measure of general personality (i.e., the NEO PI-R). Eleven of these participants returned to complete the battery a second time. The pre-post comparisons revealed significant changes following sustained stimulant treatment on both the neuropsychological and self-report measures. These individuals also displayed significant changes on two domains of the NEO PI-R. They showed a significant decrease on the domain of Neuroticism, indicating that now see themselves as less prone to experience negative emotional states such as anxiety and depression. Additionally, they also reported a significant increase on their scores on the domain of conscientiousness. This increase suggests that they see themselves as more organized and dependable.
Measuring the feeling of distant intimacy with politicians: Development, construct validity, and replicability of the parasocial relationship with a political figure (PSR-P) scale
Authors: Hakim Moh
Published: December 2018

Parasocial theory views ordinary people’s emotional bonding with political figures as a form of parasocial relationship. As existing measures of parasocial relationship have been criticised conceptually and psychometrically, we developed a new scale of parasocial relationship with a political figure (PSR-P). Construct validity, factor replicability and measurement invariance were assessed, based on samples from diverse countries (Indonesia, New Zealand, and the USA) with different political systems. In three studies using a panel of experts (N = 20; Study 1), a convenience sample of adults (N = 212; Study 2), and representative and cross-country samples (N = 897; Study 3), we found that the four-item PSR-R scale provided satisfactory construct validity (i.e. convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity), replicable factor structure with measurement invariance, and predictable results based on socio-political context. The PSR-P scale can be used to advance measurement and applications of parasocial theory in the field of social and political psychology.
Measuring the Importance of Political Elites
Authors: Munzert Simon
Published: December 2018

Political influence and prominence are both important drivers and outcomes of political careers, however are hard to quantify. I develop a method to measure these characteristics for a large set of political elites using information from the largest database of politicians - the English Wikipedia. I argue that metadata from the encyclopaedia, such as article editing, readership metrics, and linkage structures are reflective of the latent traits. A Bayesian latent variable model is employed to identify prominence and influence scores for a set of 45,000 U.S. politicians. Several validation exercises corroborate the superiority of the measures over existing alternatives. To illustrate their usefulness, I present an analysis of media appearances of political elites. The ability to measure the importance of political elites on a large scale has various implications for the understanding of political career paths, electoral performance, and legislative politics.
X-Ray Topography
Authors: Pangborn Robert N.
Published: December 2018

X-ray topography is a technique that comprises topography and x-ray diffraction. This article provides a description of the kinematical theory and the dynamical theory of diffraction. It provides useful information on the configurations of reflection and transmission topography. The article explains various topographic methods, namely, divergent beam method, polycrystal rocking curve analysis, line broadening analysis, microbeam method, and polycrystal scattering topography, as well as their instrumentation. It also describes the applications of x-ray topography.
Actual state of research concerning vitamin C as reflected in the literature (Review article)
Authors: Domokos-Szabolcsy É. , Holb I. J. , Veres Zs. , Bisztray Gy. D. , Fári M. G.
Published: December 2018

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) being essential for many living organisms, including man, became once more into the focus of interests because of its numerous physiological effects. Its anti-scurvy and anti-oxidant properties have already been recognised since long in the human body, but it turned out gradually that it has many other functions. In plants, its primary importance is defense against the photo-oxidative stress.

The present review is intended to reveal some details of the artificial synthesis of vitamin C. Emphasis is put on the metabolism of L-ascorbic acid in higher plants. Biosynthetic processes, translocation and accumulation are discussed in detail on the basis of recent results published in the scientific literature.
Fruit formation dynamics in parthenocarpic cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in spring forcing
Authors: Helyes L. , Pék Z.
Published: December 2018

20% of the cucumber crop of the world belongs to the parthenocarp type. Parthenocarp cucumber forcing has a great importance in Hungary, too. In our country the whole area of parthenocarp cucumber forcing was approximately 500 ha of the last years (2000-2002) and 75-85000 tons of yield has been harvested (MGYSZT, 2003). It means 15 — 17 kg/m2 as an average yield. In European forcing systems, parthenocarp cucumber is usually planted in January or February and it is harvested in spring or early summer. In Hungary cucumber forcing is the most profitable in two separate periods: spring and autumn, the reason for it is the changes of the average prices of fresh market cucumber, but spring forcing is still the most profitable. Forced cucumber cultivars are mostly parthenocarp; non-parthenocarp cultivars are grown in summer preferably. Cucumber cultivars, forced in our country, are hybrids, and 90% of them are offered by foreign seed companies (KristOfne, 1998.). The productivity of these hybrids is high and the productive period is quite short. All the mentioned details give the reason why it is important to know everything about the productivity, the dynamics of growth, and the possibilities of timing of parthenocarp cultivars, and it is also important to learn how to control all these parameters. Our spring cucumber-forcing experiment aimed to characterize of those parameters mentioned.
Peat substitutes in growing cucumber transplants
Authors: Kappel N. , Slezák K.
Published: December 2018

The use of an adequate medium is very much emphasised in growing transplants. Due to their favourable characteristics, peats have long been used in production. With the depletion of peat resources the research of peat substitutes has come in the foreground. In the experiments cucumber transplants were grown using baked, expanded clay granules. Results have indicated that by mixing them to peat in a 50 % rate they could be suitable mineral material as a component for soil mixtures.
First selections of the Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance
Authors: G. Tóth M. , Kovács Szabó , Kása K. , Rozsnyay Zs. , Hevesi M.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the first Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance started in the beginning of the nineties is to widen Hungarian apple assortment by good quality, resistant apple cultivars with excellent productivity and ecological capability to the most important fruit growing areas in Hungary. In the first years of seedling production we made early selection for susceptibility to apple scab in greenhouse. Alter this, field observation of susceptibility to powdery mildew, scab and canker and a yearly negative selection was carried on. From 1997, fruit quality was evaluated as well, and from 2001 the resistance of shoots to Erwinia ainylovora (Burrill/Winslow et al.) was examined using inoculations in greenhouse conditions. From the progenies of crosses in 1992 and 1993, six candidates were announced to national recognition out of hybrids examined for more than a decade. Descriptions of these selections from 'Prima' progenies and the most important data of their resistance, growing habit, morphological characteristics and fruit quality are shown in this article.
Historical apple cultivars that display high level of resistance to fire blight
Authors: K. Kása , M. G. Tóth , M. Hevesi
Published: December 2018

Following the first outbreak of fire blight caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al. in Hungary, we have started research with the aim to screen domestic gene sources, mostly historical Hungarian apple cultivars, for disease resistance as part of an apple breeding program for multiple resistance. The present study was conducted with the aim to choose the most tolerant historical apple cultivars among 25 selected cultivars by screening their behavior towards fire blight under controlled conditions. Six cultivars were shown to be the most disease tolerant: `Batul', 'London pepin', Nemes Sóvári Alma', `Sikulai', `Szemes alma', Wilmos renet'. We evaluated these cultivars by investigating both morphological- characteristics under original environmental circumstances and fruit quality. The cultivars had a remarkable degree of fire blight resistance compared to the control cultivars. These were not competitive with the commercially grown 'Jonathan M40' during cultivar tests but on the basis of certain characteristics they could serve as genetic sources for breeding new varieties.
Freeze Susceptibility of Fruit Buds in 67 Apple cultivars in Hungary
Authors: M. G. Tóth
Published: December 2018

Frost damage is one of the most important risks of apple production. Outstanding importance has been attributed to the frost resistance of flower-buds as decisive sites of fruit production. Browning of plants parts and tissues exposed to natural weather adversities are considered as effects of frost. In Hungary, frost damage on flower buds of both the market and new cultivars has not been assessed earlier. Observations referring to the consequences of frost damages of over four critical years, marked by their peculiar winter and spring frost hazards. Parallel observations have been made in four sites of the growing area in the Great-Plain region. 67 apple cultivars have been assessed. Each cultivar was represented by 3 trees, which were sampled at about 1-1.5 m height over ground, where the buds or inflorescences were picked for the purpose to assess the injury. The buds and flowers are cut longitudinally and rated visually according to the extent of browning of the organs and tissues. Susceptibility of different organs of the flower (pistils and anthers) were rated separately. According to our results, most resistant to spring frosts are the following cultivars: 'Gloster', 'Granny Smith' and appreciable tolerance is attributed in 'Gala' and 'Jonathan' with derivatives. Preliminary results that among the scab resistant cultivars, `Baujade', 'Rewena', 'Liberty', `Resi' and 'Renora' are rather frost resistant. Information, lacking hitherto, is obtained upon 'Reka' and 'Reglindis' as for their increased susceptibility.
Biochemical changes in pear (Pyrus communis L. depending on different phases of the dormancy
Authors: M. Göndör , K. Honty , A. Pedryc , I. Hajdrik , É. Stefanovits-Bányai
Published: December 2018

Pear cultivars of variable frost tolerance were tested as for frost injuries suffered as a consequence of artificial freezing temperatures during the endodormancy as well as the ecodormancy. Damages were registered according to a visually defined scale, then peroxidase and polyphenol-oxidase activity was checked in buds, spurs and limbs. According to our results, 'Packham's Triumph' was the most frost tolerant cultivar. Regarding enzyme activity of both enzymes, the performance of cultivars displaying different susceptibility was also different in spurs as well as in buds. Results referring to the endodormancy were especially instructive. During the ecodormancy, data obtained at the same time indicated the differences existing between the developmental stages of dormancy in the respective cultivars.
Freeze Susceptibility of Fruit Buds in 67 Apple cultivars in Hungary
Authors: G. Tóth M.
Published: December 2018

Frost damage is one of the most important risks of apple production. Outstanding importance has been attributed to the frost resistance of flower-buds as decisive sites of fruit production. Browning of plants parts and tissues exposed to natural weather adversities are considered as effects of frost. In Hungary, frost damage on flower buds of both the market and new cultivars has not been assessed earlier. Observations referring to the consequences of frost damages of over four critical years, marked by their peculiar winter and spring frost hazards. Parallel observations have been made in four sites of the growing area in the Great-Plain region. 67 apple cultivars have been assessed. Each cultivar was represented by 3 trees, which were sampled at about 1-1.5 m height over ground, where the buds or inflorescences were picked for the purpose to assess the injury. The buds and flowers are cut longitudinally and rated visually according to the extent of browning of the organs and tissues. Susceptibility of different organs of the flower (pistils and anthers) were rated separately. According to our results, most resistant to spring frosts are the following cultivars: 'Gloster', 'Granny Smith' and appreciable tolerance is attributed in 'Gala' and 'Jonathan' with derivatives. Preliminary results that among the scab resistant cultivars, `Baujade', 'Rewena', 'Liberty', `Resi' and 'Renora' are rather frost resistant. Information, lacking hitherto, is obtained upon 'Reka' and 'Reglindis' as for their increased susceptibility.
Effect of Erwinia amylovora infection on peroxidase enzyme activity in resistant apple cultivars
Authors: Kása K. , Hevesi M. , G. Tóth M. , Stefanovits-Bányai É.
Published: December 2018

Two apple cultivars that display enhanced resistance to fire blight (causal agent: Erwinia amylovora) were selected. The aim of the present study was to characterize the peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity of `Szemes alma' (a historical cultivar) and MR-03, (a Hungarian multiresistant hybrid of 'Prima') and compare them to susceptible 'Jonathan M 40' and resistant 'Remo' controls. Peroxides enzyme activity during E. amylovora infections was investigated in artificially infected apple shoots. Increases in enzyme activities were observed in a `Jonathan M40' and in 'Remo', MR-03, `Szemes alma' cultivars. There was a consistent relationship between total enzyme activity and fire blight disease severity. High activity of the peroxidase was positively correlated with the degree of resistance to fire blight. A general hypothesis that POD activity is related to fire blight susceptibility/resistance is supported by our results.
Fruit Quality of Sweet Cherry Cultivars Grafted on Four Different Rootstocks
Authors: G. Simon , K. Hrotkó , L. Magyar
Published: December 2018

A rootstock trial planted at the Szigetcsep experimental station in 1989 involved the study of two cultivars- `Germersdorfi FL 45' and 'Van' -grafted on four different rootstocks — 'Colt', `MxM 14 — Brokforest', `MxM 97 — Brokgrow' and 'Saint Lucie 64' as a control. The trees were trained to the "Modified Brunner-spindle" system and came into bearing in 1993. The yield per tree, fruit weight and fruit diameter have been measured each year since then. The refractivity, the acid content of the fruit juice, fruit cracking after four hours' dipping in water and stone weight ratio have also been measured since 1995. In 1997 and 1998 these parameters as well as fruit cracking after 24 hours' dipping were measured. Fruit firmness and fruit colour were also estimated. In almost every observed parameter significant differences were found between the scion cultivars. Yield efficiency was significantly higher on 'NUM 14' and 'Saint Lucie 64' than on the other two rootstocks. As regards fruit weight, in both cultivars and over an average of six years, it was found that trees on low yielding tree on 'Colt' rootstock had the highest fruit weight values and on heavy producing `MxM 14' the smallest. Soluble solids content was higher on 'Colt' and `MxM 97'. No significant differences between the rootstocks were found in acid content of the fruit juice. There were significant differences between the rootstocks in fruit cracking after 4 and 24 hours' dipping in water. Seemingly with respect to cultivars and rootstocks the year has a considerable effect on fruit cracking.
Evaluation of fruit quality parameters of Rosa taxa from the Carpathian basin
Authors: Sz. Kovács , M. G. Tóth , G. Facsar
Published: December 2018

From the wide range of genetic sources available in Hungary, we have chosen as objective the evaluation of those rose taxa, which — on the base of their quality and morphologic features — are suitable for selecting fruit production varieties or parent varieties for further breeding. We examined physical and inner parameters of fruits of Rosa taxa, and evaluated the correlations by mathematical statistic methods. Namely, if a correlation can be found between physical and inner parameters, fruit production value can be determined by less examinations in the future. According to our results, there is a large variability in some physical parameters (weight, diameter of fruits; weight, number of achenes) as well as in inner content values (vitamin C, glucose, fructose, K, Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu content) of rosehip, regarding production year, habitat and even the individual of examination. Twice as much ascorbic acid can be found in achene-free fruits, and nearly five times as much in their dry product as in fresh whole fruits. It was established repeatedly, that vitamin C concentrates in fruit flesh, and ascorbic acid content can be preserved better in achene-free flesh. There is no essential difference in citric acid and carbo-hydrate content of whole and achene-free rosehips. However, macro- and microelement content of whole fruits is 30-40% higher than that of achene-free fruit flesh. The connection between fresh weight and diameter, as well as achene number and seed weight of fruits can be described by the function y=axb. A significant relationship can be found in case of K-Fe, Ca-Mg, Ca-B, Ca-Mn and Zn-Cu, between fresh weight and B content of fruits. According to our examinations, fresh weight of rose species with a higher citric acid content is usually higher, while their Fe content is smaller. Glucose content of fruits of rose species is directly proportional to their Ca and Zn contents. Zn content of rose species with higher fructose content is usually smaller.
The brown rot fungi of fruit crops (Monilinia spp.): III. Important features of disease management (Review paper)
Authors: Holb I. J.
Published: December 2018

In the third part of this review, important features of disease management are summarised for brown rot fungi of fruit crops (Monilinia fructigena, Monilinia laxa, Monilinia fructicola and Monilia polystroma). Several methods of brown rot disease management practices were collected and interpreted in five main chapters. In these chapters, details are given about the legislative control measures, the cultural, physical, biological and chemical control methods. Chemical control is divided into two parts: pre-harvest and post-harvest chemical control. In addition, host resistance and fungicide resistance statuses are also included in this part of the review. Finally, future aspects of brown rot disease control are discussed.
RAPD analysis of grapevine hybrids and cultivars
Authors: Halász J. , Korbuly J. , Deák T. , Bisztray Gy. D.
Published: December 2018

Utilization of the Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique as a molecular marker was tested to investigate the relationships between some representative grapevine cultivars and hybrids established at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding (CUB), to distinguish clones as well as to characterize various hybrids between species or cultivars and their parents. Vitis vinifera cultivars were easily and successfully distinguished by the RAPD technique and they were grouped according to the traditional taxonomic classification. RAPD patterns of the examined Pinot gris clones proved to be completely identical. Number of generations was reflected by the value of genetic distance of the examined hybrids. Genetic identity of parents and their offsprings was influenced by the selection applied in the process of plant breeding. Parental phenotypic and morphologic characteristics showed high degree of segregation in hybrids, but RAPD analysis revealed that their genetic similarity is considerable. The three Vitis anntrensis clones were properly discriminated from every cultivar and hybrid of Vitis vinifera, i.e. hybrids are much closer to the cultivated grapevine than to V. anzurensis due to the phenotypic selection carried out during the life-cycle of one or two generations.
Comparative study of some nutritionally important components on different cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) genotypes
Authors: Sárdi É. , Tordai E. , Németh E. , Stefanovits-Bányai É.
Published: December 2018

Vegetables of Brassicaceae are especially important because of their inner values, which play a provably positive role in curing and preventing diseases. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata provar. capitata) is still today one of the most frequently consumed green vegetables, which is known to brake the absorption of carcinogenous substances and to obstruct cell mutation. Different cabbage cultivars were compared growing under the same circumstance. The level of different carbohydrate fractions and some biologically active quaternary ammonium compounds were determined. In all cases we analyzed the antioxidant capacity of samples characterizing the free radical scavenging capacity.

Clearly detectable significant differences were found between the varieties tested, which appeared suitable for selecting the most precious varieties for human nutrition.
1-MCP and STS as ethylene inhibitors for prolonging the vase life of carnation and rose cut flowers
Authors: Hassan F. , Schmidt G. , Hafez Y. M. , Pogány M. , Ankush J.
Published: December 2018

The effect of STS and 1-MCP on the postharvest quality of carnation and rose cut flowers was studied. Cut flowers of Dianthus c..aryophyllus L. cv. Asso and Rosa hybritia cv. Baroness were treated with silver thiosulfate (STS) at 0.4 mM with sucrose at 50 g 1-t and 1-methylcyclopropene ( I -MCP) at 0.5 g m-3 for 611.

Pretreatment with STS and 1-MCP significantly extended the vase life and minimized the % loss of initial weight of carnation and rose cut flowers comparing to the untreated control. The two chemicals applied inhibited the chlorophyll degradation and carbohydrate loss and hence, significantly improved the postharvest quality of carnation and rose cut flowers comparing to the control. Ethylene production by cut flowers was inhibited as a result of using these chemicals. In general, there were no differences between STS and (-MCP but the later does not have the heavy metal implications of STS treatment, and hence, using 1-MCP pretreatment for extending the vase life of carnation and rose cut flowers was recommended.
Effect of intensity of bee visitation and the foraging behaviour of honeybees on the fruit set and yield of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)
Authors: Finta K. , Benedek P.
Published: December 2018

Based on the results of our experiments, both the relative and the effective intensity of bee visitation were rather different depending on the cultivars as well as the time of the day. While it varied between relatively extreme values (40-80%) in the morning for the varieties examined, there were much smaller differences between the intensity of bee visitation at the afternoon, because the relative bee visitation attained 70-90% at each cultivar. These results showed that the differences arising from intensity of bee visitation of different cultivars should be taken into consideration more carefully in the morning in orchard planning and in estimating the number of honeybee colonies required.

The results showed that the greatest percentage of fruit set and the highest number of viable seeds per fruit were measured on branches of those cultivars that were most frequently visited by pure pollen gatherer bees as well as by bees collecting both nectar and pollen (mixed behaviour). The effect of pure pollen gatherers and of bees with mixed behaviour was highly significant from the statistical point of view on the fruit set and the number of viable seeds per fruit.

Those bees that were sucking nectar only from apple flowers did not proved to be effective pollinators at all. Relationship between their number and the fruit set as well as the number of viable seed per fruit were not significant because the coefficient of correlation was close to nil.

The ratio of side worker nectar gatherers was negatively correlated with the fruit set and the seed content of fruits of apple cultivars examined at both of our experimental sites, at Mosonmagyaróvár and Feketeerdő as well. The presence of side worker nectar gatherers resulted in higher decrease of fruit set and seed content of fruits at Feketeerd6 than at Mosonmagyaróvár, especially in the morning.

The effect of flower visiting intensity by other pollinating insects was found to be fairly variable according to the time of the day. In the morning they had no effect on the fruit set as well as on the seed content of fruits either at Mosonmagyaróvár or at Feketeerdo. However, at the afternoon, when their intensity was greater, the correlation was a bit stronger.
Long term investigations of flowers and leaves on mainly non-domestica plums
Authors: Surányi D.
Published: December 2018

The author dealt with plum species representing different eco-geographic areas by their genetic adaptation and their hybrids, as European (P. domestica, P. italica, P. cerasifera), Asian (P. salicina, P. simonii, P. ussuriensis), American (P. americana, P. besseyi, P. munsoniana, P. tomentosa). The rootstocks of the trees examined were seedlings of C. 679 myrobalan with the exception of Laroda and Santa Rosa II, which were grown on three different stocks: seedlings of C. 174 myrobalan, C. 449 bitter almond and C. 471 sweet almond. The size of peduncle, length of pistil, stamen number per flower, relative stamen number (SN/PL) have been suitable for description and distinction of varieties. Similarly shape of leaves, length of petiole, length and width of blade helped the identification.

The ratio of the dimensions of leaves, length of petiole and of leaf blade, also contributed to the distinction of European, Asian and American plum species, notwithstanding their relations with ecological conditions as well as historical, technical properties, pomological features, etc. Computed indicators (relative stamen number and shape-index of leaves) also have been useful data.

Significant correlations have been found between colour of nectaries and mean values of variety-groups. The potential values of non-European varieties for purposes of commercial production could be forecasted from the point of view of quality, ecological, pomological as well as market value. It is important, however, to know the effect of the rootstock and growing site as well as their interaction, on the one hand, whereas the resistance or tolerance of the varieties as limiting factors, at least to the sharka (Plum pox) virus, Xanthomonas pruni, on the other hand (cf. Surányi & Erdős, 2004a and 2004b).
Comparison of the biogenic amine content of traditional and bio-wines
Authors: Kállay M. , Nyitrainé Sárdy D.
Published: December 2018

There has been a growing tendency in organic farming in recent years, in which organic grape growing and the production of bio­wine are also significant. The literature on bio-wine is rather limited, that is why we consider it really important to contribute to the data. As a result of the special conditions in organic farming we can expect bio-wines to have a different composition of nitrogen compounds from that of traditional wines. Biogenic amines could thus specially characterize bio-wines. In our research we compared the biogenic amine content of wines produced using organic methods and of those where traditional procedures were used. Our measurements have proved that it is not possible to clearly distinguish bio-wines from wines produced with traditional methods on the basis of amine content.
Texture changes of vegetable cultivars measured by non-destructive methods
Authors: Muha V. , Istella S.
Published: December 2018

According to our experiments the tested group of non-destructive methods offers a useful tool not only to follow the texture changes of vegetables during storage but to characterize the firmness and vision parameters during the growing period as well. Advantages of these methods are: they are mobile, easy to set up, easy to use and quick. The suitable maturity state — and so the optimum harvest date also - can be determined by these methods. In addition, these methods can be built into sorting lines making possible to sort and classify great amounts of produces. These methods help the producer to offer homogenous products of controlled quality. They can be used for measuring different effects on vegetable's quality parameters (fertilization by different microelements, different irrigation effects on the product) as well.
In vitro propagation of 'Echo' cultivars of Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.
Authors: Ördögh M. , Jámbor-Benczúr E. , Tilly Mándy A.
Published: December 2018

Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. 'Echo' Fl cultivars ('Echo White', 'Echo Rose', 'Echo Blue', 'Echo Blue Picotee') were used and multiplication of shoots was evaluated on Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal medium with 11 g/1 agar-agar and 20 g/1 sucrose. To test the effect of BA different concentrations were added: 0.10, 0.25 mg/1 and a culture medium without BA. Differentiation of roots was examined on Jámbor-Benczúr and Marta (1990) basal medium with the same concentration of agar-agar and sucrose. To examine the effect on rooting, various concentrations of NAA were used: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mg/l. The pH was adjusted to 5.6 in every case using KOH. We studied the after-effect of different concentrations of BA during the acclimatisation. During the multiplication, the cultivar 'Echo White' formed the most shoots and the smallest leaves on the medium with 0.10 mg/1 BA. Fortunately, in the case of this cultivar, the number of shoots was reduced and the length of leaves was increased succesfully on the medium without BA. The other three cultivars developed the longest leaves on the medium containing 0.10 mg/1 BA. Sometimes not only shoot regeneration but spontaneous rooting was observed during the multiplication. Examining the rooting, the highest percent of roots was found on the medium with 1.0 mg/1 NAA, and the cultivar 'Echo Rose' formed the most roots on this medium. Higher concentration (2.0 and 3.0 mg/1) of NAA already reduced the number of roots in all of the cultivars. During the acclimatisation, the percentage of survival was 76.3% and the tallest plants with the longest leaves were found on the multiplication medium with 0.25 mg/1 BA. 'Echo Blue Picotee' gave the best results with the tallest pieces and longest leaves on this medium.
Utilisation of nutrients by cucumber plants oil rockwool substrate
Authors: Rácz I-né , Szőriné Zielinska A.
Published: December 2018

Cucumber production by soil less culture on rockwool substrate in Hungary is an open system regarding its water and nutrient supply. Environmental and economical reasons require the recycling of nutrients of the system. Experiments have been planned in order to estimate the utilisation of individual nutrient elements applied. All around the vegetation period, chemical analyses monitored the depletion of the elements initially administered by sampling the solutions at successive phases from the injection to the overflow. The results have been compared with earlier experiences refering to general rules. It has been stated that the intensity of photosynthesis is decisive in determining the composition of the overflow. The less changes are observed during the period of frequent watering.

The absorption of the nutrient elements varied between 25-51% deperiding on the individual elements. The differences are significant. Further examinations are needed in order to clear:

which are the main elements of technology, which are decisive in utilisation of nutrients

what are the possibilities of the secondary utilisation of nutrients.