bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of a Population of Carbon-enhanced Metal-poor Stars in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy∗
Authors: Chiti Anirudh , Simon Joshua D. , Frebel Anna , Thompson Ian B. , Shectman Stephen A. , Mateo Mario , Bailey John I. , Crane Jeffrey D. , Walker Matthew
Published: April 2018

The study of the chemical abundances of metal-poor stars in dwarf galaxies provides a venue to constrain paradigms of chemical enrichment and galaxy formation. Here we present metallicity and carbon abundance measurements of 100 stars in Sculptor from medium-resolution (R ∼ 2000) spectra taken with the Magellan/Michigan Fiber System mounted on the Magellan-Clay 6.5 m telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. We identify 24 extremely metal-poor star candidates ([Fe/H] < −3.0) and 21 carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) star candidates. Eight carbon-enhanced stars are classified with at least 2σ confidence, and five are confirmed as such with follow-up R ∼ 6000 observations using the Magellan Echellette Spectrograph on the Magellan-Baade 6.5 m telescope. We measure a CEMP fraction of 36% for stars below [Fe/H] = −3.0, indicating that the prevalence of carbon-enhanced stars in Sculptor is similar to that of the halo (∼43%) after excluding likely CEMP-s and CEMP-r/s stars from our sample. However, we do not detect that any CEMP stars are strongly enhanced in carbon ([C/Fe] > 1.0). The existence of a large number of CEMP stars both in the halo and in Sculptor suggests that some halo CEMP stars may have originated from accreted early analogs of dwarf galaxies.
The Value of Peer Mentorship as an Educational Strategy in Nursing
Authors: Andersen Tannis , Watkins Kathy
Published: April 2018

Background:

The emphasis of this article is to provide nursing instructors with a valuable educational strategy grounded in andragogical principles for reflection and implementation in their educational practice.

Method:

An expository review of the value of peer mentorship as an educational strategy that fits within the humanistic adult education philosophy and social constructivism theory was conducted.

Results:

The value in peer mentorship is greatest for nursing students as mentors and mentees, predominantly in encouraging self-directed learning, building relationships, providing emotional and educational support, and developing collaboration and leadership skills. In addition, peer mentorship provides value to instructors and educational institutions by supporting a positive student-centered learning environment that enhances student success.

Conclusion:

Peer mentorship as a valuable educational strategy can be recognized for future use within all levels of nursing education and can be applied universally to teaching and learning within other health care educational settings. [J Nurs Educ.2018;57(4):217–224.]
Diagnosis of sudden cardiac death due to early myocardial ischemia: An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Visonà Silvia Damiana , Benati Donatella , Monti Maria Cristina , Galiè Mirco , Andrello Luisa , Frontini Andrea , Osculati Antonio
Published: April 2018

The aim of this post-mortem ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study is to explore the characteristics of acute myocardial ischemia in the context of sudden death, using the combination of two different methods, both more insightful than ordinary histology. Transmission electron microscope and immunohistochemistry, in addition to the traditional histology, were applied to study human heart specimens collected during forensic autopsies. The whole series was sub-grouped into cases (n=17) and controls (n=10). The control group consisted of unnatural death with a short agonal period (immediately lethal injuries). Heart samples of the two cohorts of subjects were prepared for electron microscopy. On the other hand, each specimen, formalin fixed and paraffin embedded, was stained with haematoxylin and eosin and immunoreacted with the following primary antibodies: antiFibronectin, antiConnexin-43, anti npCx43 (dephosphorylated form of Connexin43), antiZonula occludens-1. Immunopositivity of each marker in the myocardium was semi-quantitatively graded. Electron microscopy revealed a number of interesting differences between acute myocardial ischemia and controls, regarding the morphology of nucleus, mitochondria and intercellular junctions. By immunohistochemistry, fibronectin was found to be markedly increased in the extracellular matrix of the acute myocardial ischemia cases, with a remarkable difference in respect of controls. Connexin 43 staining disclosed a slightly increase in the cytoplasm of acute myocardial ischemia cases with respect to the controls, whereas no relevant differences were seen between cases and controls at intercellular junctions. Dephosphorylated form of Cx43 showed an evident difference of staining in cases compared to controls and overall this difference more evident in the cytoplasm. Zonula occludens 1, described as an important marker for functional modification of cardiac muscle fibers, resulted negative or very weak in the vast majority of both cases and controls. The present study attempts to simultaneously apply electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, in order to figure out the morphological changes that might lead to pathological processes underlying the sudden, unexpected death due to acute myocardial ischemia, and consequently to find useful diagnostic markers of very early ischemic injury. Both methods showed significant differences between acute myocardial ischemia and controls, regarding, overall nuclei, mitochondria, and intercellular junctions.Â
Quantification of placental change in mouse models of preeclampsia using magnetic resonance microscopy
Authors: Bobek Gabriele , Stait-Gardner Tim , Price William , Makris Angela , Hennessy Annemarie
Published: April 2018

Abnormal development of the placenta is postulated to be central to the aetiology of preeclampsia. This study investigates changes in placental histopathology in mouse models of preeclampsia compared to the morphology using magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) (11.7 T) of intact ex vivo tissue followed by 3D analysis of the image data. Here, C57BL/6JArc pregnant mice were subject to either normal pregnancy (n=3), or to one of two experimental models of preeclampsia; TNF-α infusion  (n=3) or reduced uterine perfusion pressure(RUPP) (n=3). Placental tissue was collected at gestational day (gd) 17, fixed in formalin and incubated with Magnavist™ contrast agent, and high resolution images (50 μm × 50 μm × 50 μm voxels) obtained by magnetic resonance imaging at 11.74 T. Visual segmentation into placental subregions and three dimensional (3D) reconstruction followed by volume analysis was performed with Amira™ 3D analysis software. The significance of differences between treatment groups in total and regional volumes was assessed. In a single placenta the volumes measure by standard histology were compared. Three placentas from each animal were imaged, segmented into anatomical regions and 3D reconstructions generated. Total placental volume, labyrinth and decidual volume were not significantly different between groups. The junctional zone volume was found to be significantly larger in the RUPP animals (18.5±1.5 mm3) compared to TNF-α infused animals (15.8±1.5) or control animals (15.0±0.7, P<0.01). However, the decidual/junctional zone volume was smaller in the TNF-a compared to control animals (P<0.05). Placental structural change in experimental models of preeclampsia is able to be visualized and quantified using MRM and 3-D analysis. These techniques could prove to be a powerful tool in examining changes in placental morphology.
Extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas: A retrospective case series and review of the literature
Authors: Boussios Stergios , Zerdes Ioannis , Vassou Amalia , Bareta Eleni , Seraj Esmeralda , Papoudou-Bai Alexandra , Pavlidis Nicholas , Batistatou Anna , Pentheroudakis George
Published: April 2018

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas commonly show extranodal involvement (25-30%) but primary diffuse large B-cell lymphomas(DLBCL) with extranodal localization represent clinically and molecularly distinct entities. The present study involved retrospective analysis of case records of 4 patients who were diagnosed with extranodal DLBCL between 2010 and 2016 at the Medical Oncology and Hematology Departments of the Ioannina University Hospital, Greece. Median age of presentation was 69 years (range 60-77 years). There were 2 males and 2 females. The sites of DLBCL involvement included adrenal gland, mandible, cervix uteri, and ileum. Two patients had B symptoms while none had bone marrow involvement. After staging workup, all the patients fell into IE stage. The treatment approach included chemotherapy combined with rituximab (R), whereas one patient received additionally irradiation therapy. Post-treatment positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan was performed in 3 patients. In terms of the outcome, 3 patients are alive in complete response, whereas one was lost in follow-up. Further prospective data analyses are required so as to better elucidate the biology and course of extranodal DLBCL.
Bone-targeted agents in multiple myeloma
Authors: Nishida Hiroko
Published: April 2018

Osteolytic bone disease, characterizedby bone pain, increased risk of pathologicfractures, tumor-induced hypercalcemiaknown as skeletal-related events (SREs), isa frequent complication of patients withmultiple myeloma (MM) and persists evenin the absence of active disease, resulting ina major cause of morbidity and mortality.The interaction between myeloma cells andtheir surrounding cells in the bone marrow(BM) microenvironment promotes bothmyeloma cell growth and bone destructionand forms the vicious cycle of MM bonedisease. Therefore, therapeutic strategiestargeting the interaction between myelomacells and cellular components includingosteoclasts (OCs), stromal cells andosteoblasts (OBs) in the BM is crucial notonly to attain tumor regression but also toprevent or delay the incidence of SREs, which leads to improve survival and qualityof life in affected patients. Recently, severalnovel targets which act on components ofthe cycle for treating MM-associated bonedisease have been identified in addition tocurrent treatments including nitrogen-con-taining bisphosphonates. This review focus-es on the overview of pathophysiology inMM-associated bone disease and summa-rizes its current clinical management. Several novel bone-targeted agents in pre-clinical setting will be also discussed
Chromosome positioning in interphase nuclei of hematopoietic stem cell and myeloid precursor
Authors: Lomiento Mariana , Mammoli Fabiana , Mazza Emilia Maria Cristina , Bicciato Silvio , Ferrari Sergio
Published: April 2018

Human myelopoiesis is an intriguing biological process during which multipotent stem cells limit their differentiation potential generating precursors that evolve into terminally differentiated cells. The differentiation process is correlated with differential gene expression and changes in nuclear architecture. In interphase, chromosomes are distinct entities known as chromosome territories and they show a radial localization that could result in a constrain of inter-homologous distance. This element plays a role in genome stability and gene expression. Here, we provide the first experimental evidence of 3D chromosomal arrangement considering two steps of human normal myelopoiesis. Specifically, multicolor 3D-FISH and 3D image analysis revealed that, in both normal human hematopoietic stem cells and myelod precursors CD14-, chromosomal position is correlated with gene density. However, we observed that inter-homologue distances are totally different during differentiation. This could be associated with differential gene expression that we found comparing the two cell types. Our results disclose an unprecedented framework relevant for deciphering the genomic mechanisms at the base of normal human myelopoiesis.
The application of Ephesians 4:11 in the recent missional debate with reference to Scripture
Authors: Van Wyk Barry
Published: April 2018

The church is prominent in the letter to the Ephesians in the sense that the absence of the local church is highlighted with all the attention focused on the headship of Jesus Christ over everything, and therefore also over the church. The textual reference to Ephesians 4:11 refers to a range of gifts which require interpretation, especially in light of the recent appeal to the church to be a missional church as a contemporary direction for the present-day church.
Bibliometric analysis of organisational culture using CiteSpace
Authors: Cui Yi , Liu Yanping , Mou Jian
Published: April 2018

Background: As organisational culture plays an important role in forming a sustained competitive advantage, numerous studies about organisational culture have been completed. However, few studies have been conducted by analysing the references of publications with a visual pattern. Moreover, this subject has reached a certain degree of maturity; hence, a review that analyses the trends of organisational culture is urgent. Aim: The aim of this study was to provide broad information on organisational culture, including authors, journals, countries and references. In addition, the evolution of organisational culture is depicted and potential future research focuses are predicted. Setting: Using the Web of Science as a data source, we captured 1479 publications in science citation index (SCI) and social science citation index (SSCI) from 2005 to 2016 with 63 682 corresponding references for analysis. Methods: A bibliometric approach using CiteSpace software was applied to quantitatively and visually analyse organisational culture. Results: (1) The USA is the most productive country followed by the UK and then Australia in terms of publication; (2) scholars are mainly focused on ‘performance’, ‘innovation’ and ‘knowledge management’ aspects; (3) most fundamental theories and frameworks were created from the 1980s to the 1990s; (4) the Journal of Business Ethics is the most appropriate journal for contributions, whereas the Academy of Management Review is suitable for scholars to do a literature review, construct a theoretical framework and develop a research design; and (5) future research on this field has been justified accordingly. Conclusion: These findings not only provide basic background knowledge about organisational culture for new researchers but also provide a framework for visual and quantitative research to management scholars and fill the gap between organisational culture and bibliometric analysis.
Secure Login Using Multi-Tier Authentication Schemes in Fog Computing
Authors: Manzoor Awais , Wahid Abdul , Ali Shah Munam , Akhunzada Adnan , Fayyaz Qureshi Faisal
Published: April 2018

Security threats are major barriers in authentication process in Fog Computing. Identification of a user through single signon process like simple password-based authentications are no longer considered secure. Different multi-tier authentication schemes exist in literature that overcome the weakness of single sign-on. This paper surveys state-of-the-art multi-tier authentication techniques, their vulnerabilities, security threats and their solution proposed over the period of 2012-2016. We compare the performance of existing multi-tier authentication schemes on three parameters, i.e., cost, usability and level of security. Multi-tier authentication schemes have been categorized into groups according to the factors involved in the authentication process. Lastly, we aim to provide an easy and concise view of the underlying authentication model adapted by each approach
Case Report: Role of Interventional Radiology in the Management of Patients with Alveolar Echinococcus: Successful Management of Three Cases
Authors: Dagoglu-Kartal Merve Gulbiz , Ciftci Turkmen , Ozer Cigdem , Akinci Devrim , Akhan Okan
Published: April 2018

Alveolar echinococcus (AE) is an infestation by Echinococcus multilocularis. Partial hepatectomy or liver transplantation is the first choice of treatment. However, the disease is usually diagnosed at an unresectable stage. In those cases, invasion of the bile ducts and vessels, and necrosis in the center of the lesion lead to severe complications, such as cholangitis and liver abscesses. Palliative surgery has been reported to not offer advantages in management, and percutaneous and endoscopic interventions have become more prominent in management. In this case series, outcomes in three cases with unresectable AE were reported. In one of the cases, interventional procedures were used to manage the complications after surgery. In the second case, the cystic component was aspirated to decrease the size before the surgery and in the third case, it was used to drain biliary tree and no surgery was done.
Developed adaptive neuro-fuzzy algorithm to control air conditioning system at different pressures
Authors: Al-Jarrah Rami , Al-Jarrah M.A.
Published: April 2018

The paper developed artificial intelligence technique adaptive neuro-fuzzy controller for air conditioning systems at different pressures. The first order Sugeno fuzzy inference system was implemented and utilized for modeling and controller design. In addition, the estimation of the heat transfer rate and water mass flow rate in/out the system was determined by fuzzy IF-THEN rules. The combination between back propagation algorithm and least square method helps to optimize the membership functions and generated the fuzzy rules that describe the relationship between the input/output data of the air conditioning system which changes with pressure values. The fuzzy rules are tuned by adaptive neural fuzzy inference system ANFIS. Statistical indices such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and mean relative error (MRE) are used to evaluate performance of the ANFIS model. The values of the indices show that ANFIS model can accurately and reliably be used to air conditioning system and the simulated model of the system shows a good performance results.Keywords: fuzzy logic, adaptive fuzzy, air conditioning system, Intelligent control
Characterization of Al-Cu alloy reinforced fly ash metal matrix composites by squeeze casting method
Authors: Lokesh G.N. , Ramachandra M , Mahendra K.V. , Sreenith T
Published: April 2018

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are of great interest in industrial applications for lighter materials with high specific strength, stiffness and heat resistance. The processing of MMCs by casting process is a very promising way of manufacturing near net shape composites at relatively low cost. The liquid metallurgy squeeze casting technique has characteristics such as fine microstructure as a result of rapid cooling, low porosity and good bonding between the particles and base alloy. In this study, the effect of hardness, tensile, compression and impact properties as well as density have been investigated. The Al-4.5wt%Cu alloy was chosen as base matrix casted by both stir and squeeze casting. Fly ash is one of the most inexpensive and low density reinforcement available in large quantities as solid waste is used as reinforcement. The Al-4.5wt%Cu reinforced 3, 6, 9 and 12wt%fly ash composite was squeeze casted with an applied pressure of 120MPa. The results showed that hardness tensile compression and impact values were increased by increasing weight percentage of fly ash reinforcements during squeeze casting. Porosity and other casting defects such as shrinkage cavities were minimised due to pressure applied during solidification. Increase in weight percentage of fly ash composites caused to increase porosity even in squeeze casting but lesser than gravity cast matrix alloy. Microstructure shows the absence of micro porosity, and grain refinement interfacial bond between matrix and reinforcement.Keywords: Metal matrix composite, squeeze casting and fly ash
New results on the mid-latitude midnight temperature maximum
Authors: Mesquita Rafael L. A. , Meriwether John W. , Makela Jonathan J. , Fisher Daniel J. , Harding Brian J. , Sanders Samuel C. , Tesema Fasil , Ridley Aaron J.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) measurements of
thermospheric temperatures and winds show the detection and successful
determination of the latitudinal distribution of the midnight temperature
maximum (MTM) in the continental mid-eastern United States. These results
were obtained through the operation of the five FPI observatories in the
North American Thermosphere Ionosphere Observing Network (NATION) located at
the Pisgah Astronomic Research Institute (PAR) (35.2∘ N,
82.8∘ W), Virginia Tech (VTI) (37.2∘ N, 80.4∘ W),
Eastern Kentucky University (EKU) (37.8∘ N, 84.3∘ W),
Urbana-Champaign (UAO) (40.2∘ N, 88.2∘ W), and Ann Arbor
(ANN) (42.3∘ N, 83.8∘ W). A new approach for analyzing the
MTM phenomenon is developed, which features the combination of a method of
harmonic thermal background removal followed by a 2-D inversion algorithm to
generate sequential 2-D temperature residual maps at 30 min intervals. The
simultaneous study of the temperature data from these FPI stations represents
a novel analysis of the MTM and its large-scale latitudinal and longitudinal
structure. The major finding in examining these maps is the frequent
detection of a secondary MTM peak occurring during the early evening hours,
nearly 4.5 h prior to the timing of the primary MTM peak that generally
appears after midnight. The analysis of these observations shows a strong
night-to-night variability for this double-peaked MTM structure. A
statistical study of the behavior of the MTM events was carried out to
determine the extent of this variability with regard to the seasonal and
latitudinal dependence. The results show the presence of the MTM peak(s) in
106 out of the 472 determinable nights (when the MTM presence, or lack
thereof, can be determined with certainty in the data set) selected for
analysis (22 %) out of the total of 846 nights available. The MTM feature
is seen to appear slightly more often during the summer (27 %), followed
by fall (22 %), winter (20 %), and spring (18 %). Also seen is a
northwestward propagation of the MTM signature with a latitude-dependent
amplitude. This behavior suggests either a latitudinal dependence of
thermosphere tidal dissipation or a night-to-night variation of the
composition of the higher-order tidal modes that contribute to the production
of the MTM peak at mid-latitudes. Also presented in this paper is the
perturbation on the divergence of the wind fields, which is associated with
the passage of each MTM peak analyzed with the 2-D
interpolation. Keywords. Ionosphere (mid-latitude ionosphere)
High-resolution vertical velocities and their power spectrum observed with the MAARSY radar – Part 1: frequency spectrum
Authors: Li Qiang , Rapp Markus , Stober Gunter , Latteck Ralph
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System (MAARSY) installed at the island of
Andøya has been run for continuous probing of atmospheric winds in the
upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region. In the current study,
we present high-resolution wind measurements during the period between 2010
and 2013 with MAARSY. The spectral analysis applying the Lomb–Scargle
periodogram method has been carried out to determine the frequency spectra of
vertical wind velocity. From a total of 522 days of observations, the
statistics of the spectral slope have been derived and show a dependence on
the background wind conditions. It is a general feature that the
observed spectra of vertical velocity during active periods (with wind
velocity > 10 m s−1) are much steeper than during quiet periods
(with wind velocity < 10 m s−1). The distribution of spectral slopes
is roughly symmetric with a maximum at −5/3 during active periods, whereas a
very asymmetric distribution with a maximum at around −1 is observed during
quiet periods. The slope profiles along altitudes reveal a significant height
dependence for both conditions, i.e., the spectra become shallower with
increasing altitudes in the upper troposphere and maintain roughly a constant
slope in the lower stratosphere. With both wind conditions considered
together the general spectra are obtained and their slopes are compared with
the background horizontal winds. The comparisons show that the observed
spectra become steeper with increasing wind velocities under quiet
conditions, approach a spectral slope of −5/3 at a wind velocity of 10 m s−1 and
then roughly maintain this slope (−5/3) for even stronger winds. Our
findings show an overall agreement with previous studies; furthermore,
they provide a more complete climatology of frequency spectra of vertical
wind velocities under different wind conditions. Keywords. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (turbulence; waves and tides)
A 4.5 km resolution Arctic Ocean simulation with the global multi-resolution model FESOM 1.4
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wekerle Claudia , Danilov Sergey , Wang Xuezhu , Jung Thomas
Published: April 2018

Abstract. In the framework of developing a global modeling system which can facilitate modeling studies on Arctic Ocean and high- to midlatitude linkage, we evaluate the Arctic Ocean simulated by the multi-resolution Finite Element Sea ice-Ocean Model (FESOM). To explore the value of using high horizontal resolution for Arctic Ocean modeling, we use two global meshes differing in the horizontal resolution only in the Arctic Ocean (24 km vs. 4.5 km). The high resolution significantly improves the model's representation of the Arctic Ocean. The most pronounced improvement is in the Arctic intermediate layer, in terms of both Atlantic Water (AW) mean state and variability. The deepening and thickening bias of the AW layer, a common issue found in coarse-resolution simulations, is significantly alleviated by using higher resolution. The topographic steering of the AW is stronger and the seasonal and interannual temperature variability along the ocean bottom topography is enhanced in the high-resolution simulation. The high resolution also improves the ocean surface circulation, mainly through a better representation of the narrow straits in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). The representation of CAA throughflow not only influences the release of water masses through the other gateways but also the circulation pathways inside the Arctic Ocean. However, the mean state and variability of Arctic freshwater content and the variability of freshwater transport through the Arctic gateways appear not to be very sensitive to the increase in resolution employed here. By highlighting the issues that are independent of model resolution, we address that other efforts including the improvement of parameterizations are still required.
Skilful seasonal forecasts of streamflow over Europe?
Authors: Arnal Louise , Cloke Hannah L. , Stephens Elisabeth , Wetterhall Fredrik , Prudhomme Christel , Neumann Jessica , Krzeminski Blazej , Pappenberger Florian
Published: April 2018

Abstract. This paper considers whether there is any added value in using seasonal climate forecasts instead of historical meteorological observations for forecasting streamflow on seasonal timescales over Europe. A Europe-wide analysis of the skill of the newly operational EFAS (European Flood Awareness System) seasonal streamflow forecasts (produced by forcing the Lisflood model with the ECMWF System 4 seasonal climate forecasts), benchmarked against the ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) forecasting approach (produced by forcing the Lisflood model with historical meteorological observations), is undertaken. The results suggest that, on average, the System 4 seasonal climate forecasts improve the streamflow predictability over historical meteorological observations for the first month of lead time only (in terms of hindcast accuracy, sharpness and overall performance). However, the predictability varies in space and time and is greater in winter and autumn. Parts of Europe additionally exhibit a longer predictability, up to 7 months of lead time, for certain months within a season. In terms of hindcast reliability, the EFAS seasonal streamflow hindcasts are on average less skilful than the ESP for all lead times. The results also highlight the potential usefulness of the EFAS seasonal streamflow forecasts for decision-making (measured in terms of the hindcast discrimination for the lower and upper terciles of the simulated streamflow). Although the ESP is the most potentially useful forecasting approach in Europe, the EFAS seasonal streamflow forecasts appear more potentially useful than the ESP in some regions and for certain seasons, especially in winter for almost 40 % of Europe. Patterns in the EFAS seasonal streamflow hindcast skill are however not mirrored in the System 4 seasonal climate hindcasts, hinting at the need for a better understanding of the link between hydrological and meteorological variables on seasonal timescales, with the aim of improving climate-model-based seasonal streamflow forecasting.
Evaluation of predictive models for post-fire debris flows
occurrence in the western United States
Authors: Nikolopoulos Efthymios I. , Destro Elisa , Bhuiyan Md Abul Ehsan , Borga Marco , Anagnostou Emmanouil N.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Rainfall-induced debris flows in recently burned mountainous areas cause significant economic losses and human casualties. Currently, prediction of post-fire debris flows is widely based on the use of power-law thresholds and logistic regression models. While these procedures have served with certain success in existing operational warning systems, in this study we investigate the potential to improve the efficiency of current predictive models with machine-learning approaches. Specifically, the performance of a new predictive model based on random forest algorithm is compared against current techniques for the prediction of post-fire debris flow occurrence in the western United States. The analysis is based on a database on post-fire debris flows recently published by United States Geological Survey. Results show that predictive models based on random forest exhibit systematic and considerably improved performance with respect to the other models examined. In addition, the random forest-based models demonstrated improvement in performance with increasing training sample size, indicating a clear advantage regarding their ability to successfully assimilate new information. Complexity, in terms of variables required for developing the predictive models, deems important but the choice of model used is shown to have a greater impact on the overall performance.
Exposure-based risk assessment and emergency management associated with the fallout of large clasts
Authors: Osman Sara , Rossi Eduardo , Bonadonna Costanza , Frischknecht Corine , Andronico Daniele , Cioni Raffaello , Scollo Simona
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Fallout of ballistic blocks and bombs ejected from eruptive vents represents a well-known hazard in proximal areas. However, fallout of large clasts sedimenting from plume margins extending to medial areas with the potential to produce severe injuries to people and cause damage to infrastructure, is often overlooked. Recent eruptive events at Mount Etna (Italy) provide a clear example where large-clast fallout from plume margins (> 5 cm) has posed a real threat both to the many visitors reaching the summit area and to local infrastructure, and, therefore, has been selected as a case study. To quantify this hazard, a new particle-sedimentation model was calibrated with field data and then used for probabilistic hazard assessments. For a fully probabilistic scenario the hazard zone covered 72 km2 and included some 125 km of paths and roads, and 15 buildings; evacuation on foot to a safe area was estimated at almost 4 hours, but this could be reduced to less than 3 hours if two shelters were provided. Our results show the importance of integrating probabilistic hazard analysis of large-clast fallout within effective strategies of risk management and reduction, especially in the case of volcanoes where visitors can reach the summit areas.
Remote surface damage detection on rotor blades of operating wind turbines by means of infrared thermography
Authors: Traphan Dominik , Herráez Iván , Meinlschmidt Peter , Schlüter Friedrich , Peinke Joachim , Gülker Gerd
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Wind turbines are constantly exposed to wind gusts, dirt particles, and precipitation. Depending on the site, surface defects on rotor blades emerge from the first day of operation on. While erosion increases quickly with time, even small defects can affect the performance of the wind turbine due to nonlinear interaction. Consequently, there is a demand for a remote and easily applicable condition monitoring method for rotor blades that is capable of detecting surface defects at an early stage. In this work it is analyzed if infrared thermography (IRT) can meet these requirements by visualizing differences in the thermal transport and the corresponding surface temperature of the wall-bounded flow. Firstly, a validation of the IRT method against stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements is performed comparing both types of experimental results for the boundary layer of a flat plate. Then, the main characteristics of the flow in the wake of generic surface defects on different types of lifting surfaces are studied both experimentally and numerically: temperature gradients behind protruding surface defects on a flat plate and a DU 91-W2-250 profile are studied by means of IRT. The same is done with the wall shear stress from RANS simulations of a wind turbine blade. It is consistently observed both in the experiments and the simulations that turbulent wedges are formed on the flow downstream of generic surface defects. These wedges provide valuable information about the kind of defect that generates them. At last, experimental and numerical performance measures are taken into account for evaluating the aerodynamic impact of surface defects on rotor blades. We conclude that the IRT method is a suitable remote condition and performance monitoring technique for detecting surface defects on wind turbines at an early stage.
More accurate aeroelastic wind-turbine load simulations using detailed inflow information
Authors: Pedersen Mads Mølgaard , Larsen Torben Juul , Madsen Helge Aagaard , Larsen Gunner Christian
Published: April 2018

Abstract. In this paper, inflow information is extracted from a measurement database and used for aeroelastic simulations to investigate if using more accurate inflow descriptions improves the accuracy of the simulated fatigue loads. The inflow information is extracted from the nearby met masts and a blade-mounted five-hole pitot tube. The met masts provide measurements of the inflow at fixed positions some distance away, whereas the pitot tube measures the inflow while rotating with the rotor. The met mast measures the free-inflow velocity, but the measured turbulence may evolve on its way to the turbine, pass besides the turbine, or the mast may be in the wake of the turbine. The inflow measured by the pitot tube, on the other hand, is very representative of the wind that acts on the turbine as it is measured close to the blades and includes variations within the rotor plane. This inflow is, however, affected by the presence of the turbine, and therefore an aerodynamic model is used to estimate the free-inflow velocities that would have been at the same time and position without the presence of the turbine. The inflow information used for the simulations includes the mean wind speed and trend, the turbulence intensity, wind shear profile, atmospheric stability dependent turbulence parameters, and azimuthal variations within the rotor plane. In addition, the instantly measured wind speed is used to constrain the turbulence. It is concluded that the period-specific turbulence intensity must be included in the aeroelastic simulations to make the range of the simulated fatigue loads representative for the range of the measured fatigue loads. Furthermore, it is found that the one-to-one correspondence between the measured and simulated fatigue loads is improved considerably by using inflow characteristics extracted from the pitot tube instead of the met-mast-based sensors as input for the simulations. Finally, the use of pitot-tube wind speed to constrain the turbulence is found to decrease the variation of the simulated loads due to different turbulence realisations (seeds), such that the need for multiple simulations is reduced.
Credibility Excess and the Social Imaginary in Cases of Sexual Assault
Authors: Yap Audrey S
Published: April 2018

This paper will connect literature on epistemic injustice with literature on victims and perpetrators, to argue that in addition to considering the credibility deficit suffered by many victims, we should also consider the credibility excess accorded to many perpetrators. Epistemic injustice, as discussed by Miranda Fricker, considers ways in which someone might be wronged in their capacity as a knower. Testimonial injustice occurs when there is a credibility deficit as a result of identity-prejudicial stereotypes. However, criticisms of Fricker have pointed out that credibility is part of a more complex system that includes both deficits and excesses. I will use these points to argue that we should look closer at sources of credibility excess in cases of sexual assault. This means that in addition to considering sources of victim blaming by looking at ways in which “ideal” victims are constructed, we also need to consider ways in which “ideal” perpetrators are constructed.
For What Can the Kantian Feminist Hope? Constructive Complicity in Appropriations of the Canon
Authors: Huseyinzadegan Dilek
Published: April 2018

As feminist scholars, we hope that our own work is exempt from structural problems such as racism, sexism, and Eurocentricism, that is, the kind of problems that are exemplified and enacted by Kant’s works. In other words, we hope that we do not re-enact, implicitly or explicitly, Kant’s problematic claims, which range from the unnaturalness of a female philosopher, “who might as well have a beard,” the stupid things that a black carpenter said “because he was black from head to foot,” the poor women “living in the greatest slavery in the Orient,” to the “sheep-like existence of the inhabitants of Tahiti.” In this piece, I argue that we cannot simply hope to avoid these problems unless we are vigilant about incorporating the full picture of Kant’s and Kantian philosophy into our feminist appropriations. I will show that one way to minimize if not altogether avoid this risk is to follow the model of a new methodology that establishes the continued relevance of all of Kant’s claims for our present. Inspired by Spivak’s A Critique of Postcolonial Reason, I will call this alternative methodology the “constructive complicity” approach.
CLIMA E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DOS SOLOS ZONAIS NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL – BRASIL
Authors: Becker Elsbeth Léia Spode , Buriol Galileo Adeli , Streck Nereu Augusto
Published: April 2018

O clima tem grande influência na formação dos solos, além da ação integrada de fatores como material de origem, relevo, organismos e tempo. Os solos zonais são formados quando o clima é o fator preponderante no intemperismo. Neste estudo objetivou-se evidenciar os solos zonais do Rio Grande do Sul e determinar sua localização. A espacialização das disponibilidades climáticas para o desenvolvimento de solos zonais foi realizada utilizando-se as médias anuais, as médias dos totais anuais de precipitação pluvial e as médias anuais de temperatura do ar, entre 1931 e 1960, de 41 estações meteorológicas do 8° Distrito de Meteorologia (8º DISME). Constatou-se que os solos zonais do Rio Grande do Sul compreendem solos Lateríticos e solos Pedalférricos. Solos de clima muito úmido situam-se na metade norte do Estado com médias anuais de precipitação pluvial acima de 1.500mm e são representados pelos solos Lateríticos, predominantemente, os Latossolos. Os Pedalférricos ocorrem, preferencialmente, em regiões de clima temperado e são descritos como solos com pronunciada lixiviação, que ocorrem em condições de intemperismo químico com índices de precipitação anual acima de 600mm. No Rio Grande do Sul as condições climáticas ideais para a formação desses solos são registradas nas estações meteorológicas localizadas na Depressão Central (com exceção das estações de Santa Maria e Santa Cruz do Sul), no Escudo Sul-Riograndense (com exceção de Caçapava do Sul), na Planície Costeira e no Planalto Norte-rio-grandense (apenas a região de Vacaria). São   representados, predominantemente pelos Neossolos e Cambissolos. Palavras-Chave: Lateríticos; Pedalférricos; Latossolos.
O MOVIMENTO DE INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE AGROECOLOGIA E PRODUÇÃO ORGÂNICA E AS POTENCIALIDADES E LIMITES APONTADOS PELAS ORGANIZAÇÕES POPULARES ATUANTES NA MICRORREGIÃO DE ERECHIM/RS
Authors: Gaboardi Shaiane Carla , Eduardo Márcio Freitas
Published: April 2018

A base técnica e econômica da agricultura transformou-se, sobretudo, após a década de 1960, no período que ficou caracterizado como Revolução Verde. As relações capitalistas passaram a se territorializar no campo gerando diversos impactos sociais e ambientais. Este fato fez com que diversos movimentos de resistência surgissem no intuito de pensar alternativas à exclusão gerada por este modelo de desenvolvimento hegemônico, por meio da agroecologia. Entre estes movimentos de resistência, citam-se duas organizações não governamentais que atuam na Microrregião de Erechim, o Centro de Apoio ao Pequeno Agricultor (CAPA) e o Centro de Tecnologias Alternativas Populares (CETAP). Este movimento passou a se fazer representar também na esfera estatal, reivindicando políticas públicas de caráter emancipatório para os agricultores de forma a promover a agroecologia. O presente trabalho é resultado de pesquisas realizadas em âmbito de trabalho de conclusão de curso de Geografia. A metodologia de pesquisa é pautada na investigação qualitativa utilizando-se de levantamentos por meio de revisão bibliográfica, entrevistas e análise documental, com o objetivo de entender o contexto de surgimento das organizações populares que fazem parte deste movimento agroecológico e da Política Nacional de Agroecologia e Produção Orgânica (PNAPO), a qual foi uma conquista destas organizações, e refletir sobre as leituras que o CAPA e o CETAP fazem do Decreto 7.794 de 20 de agosto de 2012, o qual institucionaliza a política. Além disso, objetiva-se apontar os projetos paralelos que estas organizações vêm desempenhando no sentido de promover a agroecologia na Microrregião de Erechim. Palavras-Chave: Agroecologia. Política Nacional de Agroecologia e Produção Orgânica. Organizações Populares. Microrregião de Erechim.
ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE NO MUNICÍPIO DE INDAIATUBA (SP)
Authors: De Sousa Araújo Letícia , Fonseca Matias Lindon
Published: April 2018

O município de Indaiatuba localiza-se na região Metropolitana de Campinas (RMC) e apresenta uma forte taxa de urbanização, fruto das transformações ocorridas na estrutura urbana brasileira a partir da metade do século XX, notadamente presentes na região, que contribuiu para um alto crescimento demográfico e do processo de industrialização. Estes fatores colaboraram para a acentuada expansão da mancha urbana no município e, consequentemente, no avanço sobre o meio natural, gerando impactos ambientais e, também, sociais. O objetivo central do trabalho consistiu no mapeamento das Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) no município de Indaiatuba (SP) e posterior análise do uso da terra (com ênfase na área urbana) para revelar seus atuais usos e averiguar a adequação com a legislação vigente, isto é, com o novo Código Florestal (Lei Federal 12.651/2012), apontando os principais impactos socioambientais correlacionados com a expansão da mancha urbana a partir da década de 1970. A análise foi realizada com base na interpretação de ortofotos e mapeamento do uso e ocupação da terra nas APP, seguido da verificação em campo, e uso de geotecnologias para processamento dos dados. Constatou-se que as APP compreendem 49,93 km² (15,93%) da área total do município. E que, deste total, 52,17% (26,05 km²) das APP apresentam ocupação em desacordo com a legislação vigente.Palavras-chave: Áreas de Preservação Permanente; Geoprocessamento; Indaiatuba.
Assessment of Pathogen Inactivation under Sub-composting Temperature in Lab-scale Compost Piles
Authors: Vaddella Venkata , Pandey Pramod , Cao Wenlong , Biswas Sagor , Chiu Collen , Zheng Yawen , Wu Tong , Ghanem Nada , Buyuksonmez Fatih
Published: April 2018

This study was conducted to assess the temperature profile and corresponding pathogen inactivation in lab-scale compost piles. The variation in temperature at different locations of piles and E. coli concentrations was evaluated. The experiment design included plastic containers of different height filled with organic feedstock. Cotton balls soaked with pathogens (E. coli and E. coli O157:H7) were placed inside the feedstocks at various depths. Subsequently, change in pathogen concentrations, feedstock characteristics, and temperature was monitored over time. Observations showed fluctuation in temperature of piles. The peak temperature (> 50 °C) was reached after two weeks of expertiment. The concentrations of E.coli and E. coli O157: H7 at different depths varied among piles during the 35 days of experiments. The reductions in E. coli concentrations ranged 1- 4 orders of magnitude. In certain piles, reduction in E. coli concentrations was followed by increased in E. coli levels indicating the possibility of perturbation of bacteria in the feedstock potentially at low temperature. We anticipate these preliminary results will provide additional insights on pathogen inactivation in compost system. The approach used here can be implemented at field-scale compost piles for assessing pathogen inactivation during compost process under field conditions.
Eigen schuld en BGK in (deel)geschil; wie kent de tweede billijkheidscorrectie?
Authors: Keirse A.L.M. , Biezenaar J.
Published: April 2018

Eigen schuld en BGK in (deel)geschil; wie kent de tweede billijkheidscorrectie?

Kan een slachtoffer dat vanwege eigen schuld zijn schade slechts gedeeltelijk vergoed krijgt, toch op kosten van de aansprakelijk gestelde wederpartij een deelgeschilprocedure voeren, of moet hij een deel van die kosten gelet op zijn eigen schuld zelf dragen? Deze bijdrage biedt een uitgebreid overzicht van het debat over deze vraag en reikt na een analyse daarvan een gedifferentieerd stappenplan aan waarmee in concrete gevallen een billijke oplossing voor de vergoeding van deze ‘buitengerechtelijke kosten’ kan worden bereikt.
Vaststellen van symptoomvaliditeit in neuropsychologisch expertiseonderzoek
Authors: Schmand B.A. , de Jonghe J.F.M.
Published: April 2018

Vaststellen van symptoomvaliditeit in neuropsychologisch expertiseonderzoek

In deze bijdrage behandelen de auteurs enkele meer technische aspecten van het vaststellen van symptoomvaliditeit. Het doel is de juridische en medische ‘eindgebruikers’ van neuropsychologische expertiseonderzoeken een beter inzicht te geven in de gehanteerde methoden. De auteurs hopen dat dit hen in staat stelt de conclusies die de neuropsycholoog trekt beter op hun waarde te schatten. Achtereenvolgens bespreken zij de belangrijkste methoden waarmee symptoomvaliditeit wordt onderzocht, de manier waarop specifieke detectiemethoden worden geconstrueerd, de sensitiviteit en specificiteit ervan, en de manier waarop deze worden toegepast in het neuropsychologisch onderzoek (NPO). De auteurs zullen ook stilstaan bij de vraag of kan worden aangetoond dat de onderzochte persoon moedwillig slecht presteert. Ten slotte noemen ze een aantal kwaliteitskenmerken van het NPO waar de eindgebruiker op zou moeten letten.