bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topological charge of a superposition of two Bessel-Gaussian beams
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Kotlyar V.V. ,   Samara National Research University, Kovalev A.A. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: February 2021

Here we show theoretically that a superposition of two Bessel-Gaussian (BG) beams with different topological charges (TC) and different scaling factors (radial components of the wave vectors) has the TC equal to that of the BG beam with the larger scaling factor. If the scaling factors of the BG beams are equal, then TC of the whole superposition equals TC of the BG beam with the larger (in absolute value) weight coefficient in the superposition (i.e. with larger power). If the constituent BG beams are also same-power, TC of the superposition equals the average TC of the two BG beams. Therefore, if the sum of TCs of both beams is odd, TC of the superposition is a half-integer number. In practice, however, TC is calculated over a finite radius circle and, hence, the half-integer TC for the degenerated case cannot be obtained. Instead of the half-integer TC, the lower of the two integer TCs is obtained. Numerical simulation reveals that if the weight coefficients in the superposition are slightly different, TC of the superposition is not conserved on propagation. In the near field and in the Fresnel diffraction zone, TC is equal to the highest TC of the two BG beams, while in the far field it is equal to the lower TC. What is more, TC changes its value from high to low not instantly, but continuously at some propagation distance. In the intermediate zone TC is fractional.
Pearl Millet as a Sustainable Alternative Cereal for Novel Value-added Products in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review
Authors: Dube M. , Nyoni N. , Bhebhe S. , Maphosa M. , Bombom A.
Published: February 2021

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is an underutilized small grain, nutrient-rich cereal crop cultivated in the arid and semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. However, several barriers exist that preclude the full exploitation of the crop such as low yield, inadequate processing technologies, lack of extension support and limited productive varieties. Furthermore, anti-nutritional factors in the grain such as polyphenols reduce digestibility, palatability and bio-availability of other nutrients. Reduction or elimination of these anti-nutritional factors through pre-treatments like boiling, cooking, roasting, soaking improves the nutritional quality of the grain. Underutilized pearl millet genetic resources and processing has the potential to contribute towards sustainable agriculture particularly in drought prone and marginal areas of Africa. This review focuses on nutritional value, pearl millet cultivation and utilization challenges, processing and value addition interventions to improve crop adoption and productivity in sub-Saharan Africa.
Comparative assessment of biochemical parameters of Hariana, Hardhenu and Sahiwal breeds
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Kumar Sandeep , Gera Sandeep , Yadav Jyoti
Published: February 2021

Present study was conducted on seventy two cattle of three groups’ viz., Hardhenu strain of cross bred cattle, Sahiwal and Hariana breeds comprising twenty four animals of each group/breed. The biochemical assessment was based on assay of sodium, potassium, chloride, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, glucose, calcium, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), bilirubin (total and direct) and triglycerides parameters. Triglycerides, ALP, creatinine and potassium ion concentration were found to be higher in Hariana while direct bilirubin, ALT and sodium ion concentration were comparatively higher in Hardhenu. However, Albumin, calcium and glucose were observed to be at higher concentration in Sahiwal.
Pro-inflammatory cytokine and apoptotic gene mRNA levels against lentogenic and velogenic Newcastle disease virus pathotypes in in-vivo and in-vitro biological systems
Authors: Rajasekaran Ranjani , Kirubaharan J. John , Vidhya M. , Shilpa P. , Chandran N. Daniel Joy
Published: February 2021

Knowledge on the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokine and apoptotic gene mRNA levels in the pathogenesis of Indian field isolates of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is little. In this study, cytokine mRNA levels were elucidated in spleen of chickens (in-vivo) and chicken embryo fibroblast cells (in-vitro) infected with lentogenic D58 strain and viscerotropic velogenic D165 isolate until five days post infection (dpi). In spleen of chickens infected with D165, maximum upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a), chemokine (IL-8) and apoptotic gene (Caspase-8) at 3dpi correlated with the onset of severe clinical signs and necrotic histopathological lesions in spleen, proventriculus, intestine and caecal tonsil of chickens. Similarly, in CEF cells infected with D165, upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine and apoptotic gene mRNA levels correlated with the appearance of CPE. In spleen of chickens and CEF cells infected with D58, there was comparatively minimal upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine and apoptotic gene mRNA levels which did not cause histopathological changes in tissues and CPE formation in CEF cells. In both in-vivo and in-vitro systems, upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 showed inhibitory effects on the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, this study reports variation in the cytokine mRNA levels elucidated in response to two different pathotypes isolated from India and associates the same with the clinical signs and pathological lesions produced during the course of ND.
Molecular characterization of an indigenous minor carp Bangana dero (Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) of Manipur and its relationship with Labeonin fishes of North East India based on mitochondrial 16SrRNA gene sequences
Authors: Basudha Ch. , Sobita N. , Rawat A. , Prakash N.
Published: February 2021

Bangana dero is an economically important indigenous cyprinid fish of Manipur, India having maximum standard length of 40cm. For the taxonomic placement of this species among the Labeonin fishes, molecular characterization is conducted by using mitochondrial 16SrRNA gene sequences. Partial sequences of mito. 16SrRNA gene of fifteen cyprinid species of the sub-family Labeoninae were downloaded from NCBI Genbank. The analysed nucleotide sequence lengths were 538 bp. In a total of 811 characters, 194 were conserved sites (monomorphic) and 347 were variable sites (polymorphic) and out of 347 variable sites, 73 were parsimony informative sites and 274 singleton sites. The nucleotide frequencies are 31.4% (A), 22.57% (T), 24.00% (C) and 21.96% (G). The transition/transversion bias (R) is 2.51. The overall mean distance is 0.083. The dendogram constructed by Neighbour-Joining tree have three clusters which can indicate the taxonomic positions of Bangana dero .
Gross morphological and biometrical Studies on the typical cervical vertebrae of Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)
Authors: Sathapathy S. , Dhote B.S. , Singh I. , Mahanta D. , Tamilselvan S. , Mrigesh M. , Joshi S.K.
Published: February 2021

The present study was carried out on the third (C3), fourth (C4) and fifth (C5) cervical vertebrae of six specimens of adult Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) of either sex. It was found that the transverse process was bifid with a transverse foramen located at its base. The upper part of the transverse process projected backward and was short and stout, while the lower part was directed downward and forward and was found to be longer and more plate-like. The bodies of C3-C5 tended to become shorter and wider from front to backwards. The supraspinous process was found to be short and centrally tuberous in C3 that gradually increased in height and length to C5 with forward inclination. The articular processes of the typical cervical vertebrae slightly convex cranially and concave caudally. The posterior articular facets of C5 were egg shaped, whereas those of C4 were like the map of Africa in the Blue bull. A well defined infraspinous process projected from the vertebral body that divided the base into two halves. The biometrical observations on different parameters of typical cervical vertebra reflected significance (P less than 0.05) differences between the sexes of this species.
Effect of antioxidant ascorbic acid on in vitro maturation of Caprine oocytes under normal and elevated temperatures
Authors: Khanday S.B. , Ahmed J.A. , Nashiruddullah N. , Sharma U. , Chakraborty D.
Published: February 2021

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of ascorbic acid on in vitro maturation of caprine oocytes under normal and elevated temperatures. Goat ovaries were collected at slaughter and both A and B grade cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) were aspirated out and were matured in vitro under normal (38.5°C) and elevated temperatures (41°C). On the basis of cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation, the maturation competencewere compared with and without ascorbic acid supplementation (100 µM). Heat stress significantly (P£ 0.01) reduced cumulus expansion, maturation rate and lowered metaphase stage II of nuclear maturation. Ascorbic acid improved developmental competence of oocytes during heat stress (41 °C) and ascorbic acid supplemented COCs demonstrated significantly (P£ 0.05) higher maturation rates when compared to non-supplemented groups.
Analgesic and isoflurane sparing effect of buprenorphine and butorphanol in cats anaesthetized with midazolam-ketamine-isoflurane
Authors: Ramakrishnan K.S. , Dharmaceelan S. , Senthilkumar S. , Vijayakumar G. , Rajendran N.
Published: February 2021

A clinical study was conducted in 18 female cats subjected for ovariohysterectomy to access the analgesic and isoflurane sparing effect of buprenorphine and butorphanol in cats anaesthetized with midazolam-ketamine- isoflurane. The cats were divided into three Groups. In Group I, anaesthesia was induced by midazolam (@0.3mg/kg) ketamine (11mg/kg) mixture. In Group II and Group III cats, butorphanol and buprenorphine were administered intramuscularly @ 0.4 mg/kg and 0.01 mg/kg, 15 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia as in Group I. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. Inspired fraction of isoflurane (FiISO) and End-tidal isoflurane (ETISO) in percentage were recorded by main stream infrared spectroscopy analysis. The postoperative antinociceptive efficacy of drugs was studied by four point simple descriptive scale (SDS) scoring system. The study on end-tidal isoflurane concentration revealed both buprenorphine and butorphanol had reduced the use of isoflurane when compared to control group and among that butorphanol had a higher isoflurane sparing effect than buprenorphine. The pain score study revealed buprenorphine produced adequate postoperative analgesia when compared to butorphanol.
Association of GnRH receptor gene polymorphism on testicular parameters and semen quality in HF crossbred bulls
Authors: Iyer K.B. , Ingawale M.V. , Kuralkar S.V. , Bankar P.S. , Ali S. Sajid , Ingole R.S. , Hajare S.W. , Pawshe C.H.
Published: February 2021

The present research was conducted to study the association of GnRH receptor gene polymorphism on testicular parameters and semen quality in fortyfour HF crossbred bulls. Two different genotypes GG and GA having amplification size 170, 118, 96 and 214, 170, 118 were identified, respectively. Genotypic frequencies were 0.82 (GG) and 0.18(GA) and gene frequency of G allele was 0.91 and for A allele was 0.09. The testicular parameters like scrotal circumference (SC), testicular width (TW), testicular thickness (TT) were non significant while testicular length (TL) was significant (P less than 0.05) among two genotypes. Seminal attributes like semen volume (Vol) concentration (Conc.) initial motility (IM), post thaw motility (PTM), abnormal sperm rate (ASR) and acrosome integrity test (AIT) were non significant while hypo osmotic swelling test (HOST) was significant (P less than 0.05) among two genotypes.
In-silico approach to determine the possibility of a recombinant broad-spectrum vaccine for bluetongue disease
Authors: Jyothi J. Shiva , Putty Kalyani , Patil Sunil. R. , Reddy Y. Narsimha
Published: February 2021

Bluetongue (BT) disease caused by BT virus (BTV) is an acute haemorrhagic disease of domesticated and wild ruminants. 29 BTV serotypes have been identified so far throughout the world with 24 circulating in India conferring no cross protective immunity. Hence, the objective of the current study was to investigate the possibility of developing a recombinant subunit protein based vaccine for BT that is cross protective to all the known serotypes of BTV. VP2 is a major serotype determining protein and vaccination with VP2 was known to induce neutralizing antibody response. Since BTV circulates as 29 immunologically distinct serotypes, the current study aimed to identify conserved region of VP2. The amino acid sequence alignment showed that although VP2 was very variable among serotypes, several regions were relatively more conserved between serotypes; most conserved region (cVP2) of which was evident from 338-383aa. Moreover, selection pressure analysis revealed that all the codons in cVP2 region were under strong negative selection (dN/dS=0.16) suggesting strong structural and functional constraints on cVP2. In addition, two MHCI, MHCII each, and three B cell epitopes were predicted based on the physicochemical properties of the amino acids in cVP2 region. This suggests strong immunogenicity of cVP2 making it a suitable vaccine candidate. Taken together, cVP2 appears to be a promising target for a broad-spectrum subunit vaccine moiety for BT that can confer protection against the available serotypes of BTV. Since all the structural proteins of BTV will not be used in such subunit vaccines, observations from current study can also be extended to develop a marker vaccine for DIVA against BT.
Prototype Pentavalent Bovine Leptospira Vaccines Blended with Oil Adjuvant Provides Protection and Prevents Renal Colonization in Guinea Pig Model
Authors: Senthilkumar K. , Aravindhbabu R.P. , Ravikumar G.
Published: February 2021

Background: Leptospirosis significantly impacts the economy of livestock farmers by causing reproductive failure and production losses in bovines. The control of bovine leptospirosis requires a combination of vaccination programme, biosecurity measures and chemotherapeutic regimens. Vaccination protect the clinical diseases and reduces/prevents renal colonisation of Leptospires and in turn reduces excretion of leptospires in urine which is a major source of environmental contamination. Some serovars of leptospires require cell mediated immunity apart from humoral immunity. This study was undertaken to develop prototype vaccine with prevalent serogroups to induce humoral and cell mediated immunity. Immunogenicity of the prototype vaccines and their safety were assessed experimentally in Guinea pigs.Methods: An inactivated oil adjuvant prototype pentavalent bovine leptospira vaccines with serogroups Australis, Hebdomadis, Hardjo, Javanica and Pomona which were prevalent in Tamil Nadu were developed and compared with the aluminium hydroxide gel adjuvant vaccine. The humoral immune response was assessed measuring antibodies by Microscopic Agglutination Test and Cell Mediated Immune response was assessed by lymphocyte proliferation assay. The ability of these vaccines to protect Guinea pigs against virulent Leptospires challenge was also demonstrated.Result: The prototype vaccine blended with oil adjuvants resulted in higher protective antibody titres of more than 6.64 log2 (≥1:100) than the aluminium hydroxide adjuvant blended vaccine. The protective antibody titres lasted upto 180 days, except for serogroup Javanica (150 days). The Montanide adjuvants were able to produce cell mediated immune response for protection against serovar Hardjo. Challenge study in guinea pigs showed complete protection following vaccination using pentavalent vaccine blended with Montanide adjuvants, while the aluminium hydroxide adjuvant was able to confer only partial protection. The Montanide blended prototype vaccines were also able to prevent renal colonisation of all five serogroups. This study shows the potential of the oil adjuvant blended multivalent vaccine for use in vaccination programmes against bovine leptospirosis.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factor Associated with Endemicity of Theileria equi Infection in Horses in Rajasthan State, India
Authors: Bhojani Rakesh J. , Chahar Anju , Dewal Vikram S. , Mandal Kruti D. , Chauhan Sneh L. , Pal Yash , Kumar Rajender , Kumar Sanjay
Published: February 2021

Background: Equine piroplasmosis is a haemoprtozoan disease of equids and enzootic in Rajasthan prefecture of India. In endemic areas, the subclinical condition is more common, as infected equids recover from the disease and become latently infected. This study aimed to investigate the seroepidemiology and risk factors associated with the endemicity of Theileria equi infection in Rajasthan state. Methods: A cross-sectional study on the seroprevalence of Theileria equi, was performed. Total of 151 serum samples collected from different areas of Rajasthan. The serum samples were screened by ELISA for assessment of seroprevalence of T. equi infection. Result: Overall seroprevalence of T. equi was 49.66%. A total of 75 T. equi seropositive horses were detected and one horse was clinically positive for T. equi infection. The clinical signs observed were - fever, haemoglobinuria, mild colic, anaemia and icteric conjunctival mucous membrane. Theileria equi infection is endemic among horses in Rajasthan state and Ajmer district found the most endemic. Haematological observations in T. equi clinically infected and healthy horses were studies. A decreased haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total erythrocytic counts were observed in T. equi infected horse in comparison to healthy horses. This observation showed anaemic condition in T. equi clinically infected equine. An increased concentration of liver enzymes – AST, ALP, GGT in T. equi infected equine was also recorded, which indicated the liver damage.
Preparation and pharmacokinetics of cefquinome sulfate liposomes in goats
Authors: Wu Haigang , Liu Jinni , Xu Gugangke , Ye Zhaowei , Liu Jicheng , Yi Benchi
Published: February 2021

We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome sulfate (CEF) liposomes in eight healthy goats following intramuscular administration at 4 mg/kg. The average particle diameter of CEF liposomes prepared by the ethanol injection method was 335nm with a CEF entrapment efficiency of 69.56%. The elimination half-life (t1/2b) of CEF liposomes was 33.04h compared with 16.21 h for CEF injected without carrier (p less than 0.05). The area under the concentration curve (AUC) for CEF liposomes was approximately three-times greater than for CEF alone (P less than 0.05). The time-point of maximum plasma concentration of the drug (Tp) and the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) were 4.38 h and 1.99 ìg/mL for CEF liposomes, compared with 1.86 h and 3.55 ìg/mL for CEF without carrier, respectively.
Pathomorphology of experimental Streptococcus iniae infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Dönmez A.E. , Cengizler I.
Published: February 2021

In the present study, an experimental infection with Streptococcus iniae was conducted with tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The bacterial agent was injected to the fish by intraperitoneal inoculation at a dose of 1 × 103 cfu / mL. Grossly, haemorrhages on tail and pectoral fins, hyperaemic and prolapsed anus, darkening and bleeding in the gills and exophthalmos in the eyes were identified in fish. Multifocal whitish foci in the liver, spleen and kidneys was observed with ascites. Histopathological changes of tissues of tilapia were studied and evaluated. Gill tissues of infected fish showed intense lymphocyte and macrophage infiltrations. In addition, epithelial cell separation and lamellar fusion with edema, lamellar curling and aneurysms were detected in gill tissue. Sinusoidal dilatation, lymphocyte infiltrations, congestion and degeneration in liver hepatocyte cells have been identified. In kidney degeneration of glomerulus and tubule cells and dense lymphocyte infiltrations were observed. Dense bacterial clusters were observed in the sinusoids of the spleen, while lymphocytes and macrophage infiltrations were found in the heart and intestinal tissues.
Dietary supplementation of pulverised Astragalus membranaceus improved performance, immunity and diarrhoea incidence in weaned piglets
Authors: Adams Seidu , Che Dongsheng , Hailong Jiang , Han Rui , Qin Guixin , Danquah Kofi
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Astragalus membranaceus stem and leaves fibre: AMSLF on the diarrheal incidence, growth performance, and immunity in weaned piglets. The study started with sixty (Landrace x Large white) piglets, weaned at 28 days with average weight of 8.84±1.12 kg. The completely randomized design was used to allocate different levels of AMSLF (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 g/kg). The result indicates that AMSLF increased (P less than 0.05) the growth performance. Also, there was an improvement (P less than 0.05) in the immune system of piglets fed AMSLF diet. In addition, the piglet’s diarrhoea incidence was decreased by AMSLF addition. In conclusion, dietary addition of AMSLF may be important at weaning to prevent diarrheal incidence, improve production and health of piglets.
Dry Matter Production and Partitioning in Different Plant Parts of Rice Cultivars under Irrigation Regimes and Systems of Cultivation
Authors: Nayaka G.V. Venkataravana , Reddy G. Prabhakara , Kumar R. Mahender
Published: February 2021

Background: Growth and yield characteristics of genotypes depend on genetic and environmental factors. Among the different production factors, varietal selection at any location plays an important role. Proper crop management depends on the growth characteristics of various varieties to get maximum benefit from new genetic material. Among the different water- saving irrigation methods in rice, the most widely adopted is alternate wetting and drying (AWD). Many of the rice cultivars vary in their performance under different systems of cultivation. Methods: A field experiment was conducted on a clay loam soil at Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR) Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during the kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018. to study the “productivity and water use efficiency of rice cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation” The treatments consisted of two irrigation regimes Alternate wetting and drying and Saturation as main plot treatments, three establishment methods System of Rice Intensification (SRI), Drum Seeding (DS) and Normal transplanting (NTP) as sub plot treatments and four Cultivars namely DRR Dhan 42, DRR Dhan 43, MTU-1010 and NLR-34449 as sub-sub plot treatments summing up to 24 treatment combinations laid out in split-split plot design with three replications. Result: At 60, 90 DAS/DAT and harvest significantly dry matter production (DMP) was recorded with DRR Dhan 43 cultivar (607, 4320 and 11548 kg ha-1 respectively in pooled means of both 2017 and 2018) than other cultivars. Whereas MTU-1010 and NLR-34449 recorded on par dry matter production values at all the crop growth stages during both the years of study. However, DRR Dhan 42 produced the lowest dry matter production compared to other genotypes. DRR Dhan 43 recorded higher dry matter accumulation (g m-2) in root, stem and leaves at all the crop growth stages, during both the years of the study over other cultivars. Alternative wetting and drying method of irrigation recorded significantly higher DMP at all the growth stages of rice (60, 90 DAS/DAT and at harvest) except at 30 DAS/DAT during both 2017 and 2018 as compared to saturation. SRI recorded significantly higher DMP as compared to normal transplanting; however, it was comparably at par with drum seeding at all the growth stages.
Assessment of G x E Interactions in Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids for Yield using AMMI and GGE Models
Authors: Raj R. Nirmal , Sofiya M. , Gokulakrishnan J.
Published: February 2021

Background: In the wake of unpredictable climate change, it is imperative for the breeders to identify hybrids with better adaptation to meet the growing food demand. The present study was carried out to identify stable maize hybrids across various environments. Methods: Twenty one maize hybrids along with two commercial checks viz., CP-818 and Bioseed-TX369 were tested over three locations viz., Viluppuram, Trivandrum and Nagercoil. The experiments were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Result: AMMI and GGE analysis of variance revealed that the first two principal axes explained the majority of G х E interaction. According to AMMI analysis, the hybrid AUK 6240 was relatively stable with high mean whereas, GGE biplots-genotype view identified AUMH 1277 as stable with better yield per plant. GGE biplot-environment view identified Nagercoil as the ideal test location. What-won-where biplots identified three hybrids viz., AU-101, AU-110 and CP-818 suited to Viluppuram and Nagercoil. Though, hybrids with specific adaptability and ideal test location were efficiently identified, study must be extended to more number of environments and hybrids.
Evaluation of Insecticides and Biopesticides against Helicoverpa armigera in Different Modules of Short Duration Pigeonpea
Authors: Yadav Amit , Keval Ram , Yadav Abhishek
Published: February 2021

Background: Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is an important legume crop from the Family Fabaceae. Pigeonpea commonly known as ‘Arhar’ or ‘Tim’ is mainly consumed in the form of split pulse as ‘dal’. Pigeonpea is cultivated as an annual or semi-perennial crop, usually in mixed cropping systems. Pigeonpea is attacked by insect-pests right from sowing to harvesting and also during the storage. Gram pod borer, H. armigera has been a major pest in most parts of the country. Therefore, keeping these views in mind, the present study was conducted. Methods: Present investigations were carried out during Kharif season of 2013 and 2014 to evaluate some insecticides and biopesticides against Helicoverpa armigera in various modules on short duration pigeonpea. Result: The mean larval population of H. armigera after spray was minimum in M3 (1.15 larvae plant-1) followed by M2 (1.17 larvae plant-1) and maximum in module M5 (1.61 larvae plant-1) during Khaif 2013. During Khaif 2014 mean larval population of H. armigera after spray was minimum in M2 (1.11 larvae plant-1) followed by M3 (1.12 larvae plant-1) and maximum in module M5 (1.58 larvae plant-1). Hence these modules (M2 and M3) can be adopted by the farmers for effective and economic management of H. armigera.
Prevalence and Molecular Characterization Coat Protein Gene of Tobacco streak virus Causing Peanut Stem Necrosis Disease in Coastal and Rayalaseema Districts of Andhra Pradesh, South-India
Authors: Saratbabu K. , Vemana K. , Patibanda A.K. , Sreekanth B. , Rao V. Srinivasa
Published: February 2021

Background: Peanut stem necrosis disease (PSND) caused by Tobacco streak virus (TSV) is a major constraint for groundnut production in Andhra Pradesh (A.P.). However, studies on prevalence and spread of the disease confined to only few districts of A.P. with this background current study focused on incidence and spread of the disease in entire state of A.P. Further an isolate of TSV occurring in A.P. characterized on the basis of genetic features by comparing with other TSV isolates originated from different hosts and locations from world. Methods: Roving survey was conducted during kharif 2017-18 in groundnut growing districts of Andhra Pradesh (A.P.) for peanut stem necrosis disease incidence. Groundnut plants showing PSND symptoms were collected and tested with direct antigen coating enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA). Groundnut samples found positive by ELISA once again tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The representative TSV-GN-INDVP groundnut isolate from Prakasham district was maintained on cowpea seedlings by standard sap inoculation method in glasshouse for further molecular characterization. The Phylogenetic tree for coat protein (CP) gene was constructed using aligned sequences with 1000 bootstrap replicates following neighbor-joining phylogeny. Result: Thirty-eight (52.7%) of seventy-two groundnut samples collected from different locations in A.P were given positive reaction to TSV by DAC-ELISA. For the first time, PSND incidence observed in coastal districts (Krishna, Guntur, Sri Pottisriramulu Nellore, Prakasham) of A.P. Maximum PSND incidence recorded from Bathalapalli (22.2%) and the minimum incidence in Mulakalacheruvu (4.1%). The coat protein (CP) gene of TSV-GN-INDVP groundnut isolate was amplified by RT-PCR and it shared maximum per cent nucleotide identity (97.51-98.62%) with TSV isolates from groundnut and other different crops reported in India. All Indian isolates cluster together irrespective of crop and location based on the phylogenetic analysis.
Impact Assessment of Front Line Demonstrations on Summer Mung Productivity under Irrigated Agro-ecosystem of Haryana
Authors: Singh Jogender , Singh Kuldeep , . Hemender , . Premdeep
Published: February 2021

Background: Summer mung proved to be an effective crop in improving soil health, providing additional income to the farmers, works as catch crop and fits in paddy-wheat crop rotation in Northern India. Its cultivation leads to increase in house hold income of the farmers and contributed to nutritional security in rural India. The present study was carried out by Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Sonepat in its adopted villages. Methods: A total number of 159 front line demonstrations (FLDs) were conducted on summer mung in 75.2 hectare area using improved variety MH-421 during summer 2017 and 2018 after harvesting of wheat and prior to paddy transplanting to show case improved production technologies on farmers’ field specifically under paddy-wheat rotation. The production, productivity and economic returns of summer mung in demonstrations and farmers’ practice were compared and different yield gaps were analyzed. Result: Average yield of demonstration plots was recorded significantly higher by 20.0 per cent and 21.3 per cent in summer 2017 and 2018, respectively. The extension gap was 1.75 q/ha and 1.90 q/ha while technology gap was 1.5 q/ha and 1.2 q/ha in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The additional economic returns for farmers ranged from Rs. 2907/ha to Rs. 3200/ha as a results of these FLDs. Hence, adoption of improved summer mung cultivation practices contributed to better yield and higher economic returns under paddy-wheat rotation after harvesting of wheat crop.
Issues concerning Romanian demographic school population
Authors: Pet Elena , MILIN Ioana Anda , Merce Iuliana Ioana , Brad Ioan , Petroman Cornelia
Published: February 2021

The evolution of demographic phenomena of the last two decades is characterised by the need to maintain low fertility, the slight increase in life expectancy at birth, high percentage of infant mortality and negative balance of external migration, all of which have led to the decrease in the population of our country Romania. Between the two censuses (2002 and 2011), Romania’s stable population decreased by 1.6 million. The population of students in all levels of the educational system has been reduced as a result. This paper analyses the main demographic issues facing Romania, its effect on the current school population and its long-term perspective. Using quantitative data that were derived from certified institutions and national documents, this study made a review of the literature of student population between the years 2002 and 2011 and a forecast for the following decades. One of the findings is that there is an increase in the ageing population. Recommendations are made at the end of the study.
 
Keywords: Demography, education, school age.
Empowering business education students for decent work and productive employment: Nigeria example
Authors: Alao Olusegun Ezekiel , Afuape Ismaheel  Haruna , Taiwo Alimot , Muraina Quadri Olamilekan
Published: February 2021

The prevailing occurrences of social, economic and environmental challenges have created enormous responsibility for the education sector towards achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs 2030) in developing nations. Therefore, this study was carried out to examine the extent students of business education have been empowered for decent work and productive employment for all through proper awareness and innovative instructional strategies. The study adopts a descriptive survey design and formulated relevant research questions and hypotheses. A sample of 159 final-year students of Business Education at federal and state colleges of education in Lagos, Nigeria, were selected from the population using random, purposive and stratified sampling techniques. The research instrument used was a structured questionnaire. The internal consistency of the research instrument using Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient yielded an average index of 0.76. The statistical tools used for analysing the data for research questions and hypotheses are mean and t-test, respectively, at a 0.05 level of significance. The study found that innovative instructional strategies for decent work and productive employment for all were not practically employed. In addition, students lacked proper orientation about the SDGs 2030. Review of curriculum content and the instructional strategies are parts of the recommendations.
 
Keywords: Business education students, instructional strategies, decent work, productive employment, orientation.
Habilidades Sociais e Satisfação Profissional de Médicos que Atendem em Contexto Ambulatorial
Authors: Pinheiro-Carozzo Nádia Prazeres , Cardoso Bruno Luiz Avelino , Teixeira Catarina Malcher , Haidar Flávia Costa , De Sousa Julia Milhomens
Published: February 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o repertório de habilidades sociais (HS) e a satisfação profissional (SP) de médicos que atendem em contexto ambulatorial. Adotou-se delineamento descritivo, correlacional e transversal. Quarenta e seis médicos, selecionados via amostragem não probabilística, responderam a um Protocolo de Caracterização Individual e ao Inventário de HS2 – versão preliminar. Os principais resultados indicaram: (a) bom repertório, acima da média, para o escore total de HS; (b) bom repertório, abaixo da média, para Conversação e Desenvoltura Social e Assertividade Afetivo-Sexual; bom repertório, acima da média, para Assertividade de Autodefesa e Assertividade de Autoexposição Social; e repertório bastante elaborado para Expressão de Sentimentos Positivos; e (c) correlação positiva entre HS e SP. Um bom repertório de HS facilita ao estabelecimento de um bom vínculo terapêutico, serve de fator de proteção contra o estresse e outros problemas mentais e possibilita a satisfação profissional.
Developing Indonesia Sign Language (BISINDO) Application with Android Based for Learning Sign Language
Authors: Nurpiena Shinta Adhya , Wihidayat Endar Suprih , Budianto Aris
Published: February 2021

Problems that occur in learning Indonesian sign language, especially for the Solo area, are the scarcity of opening sign language classes for the public and the limited use of instructional media. To overcome this problem, an Android-based sign language learning media application was developed with the ADDIE research method. ADDIE method, namely analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. This research will focus on the feasibility test of the application of learning media by using the indicators on the ISO 25010, standard that is used to test the feasibility of the software. The aspects tested are functional suitability, usability aspects, portability aspects and validation by material experts and media experts. The results of the feasibility test obtained, for the functional suitability test 100%, usability test 83.2%, 100% portability test, 100% material expert test and 93% media expert and it can be concluded that the application of sign language learning media is feasible to use.
Marketing Website Of E-Comerce as Production Unit’s Container For All Smk In Surakarta
Authors: Fajar Setyadi , Maryono Dwi , Basori Basori
Published: February 2021

This research is aimed to produce a marketing website for SMK's products to manage the production units in SMK within Solo area and introduce SMK's products to public. His research also aimed to determine the properness of this website. This research uses Research and Development (R & D) research method by Sugiyono. This research includes 5 steps, they are potential and problem analysis, data collection, product design, product validation and product revision. The results of this study show that the website is very proper to use. Score for assessment of the experts system is 89.3% and it is categorized very proper. Assessment of both substance experts is 88.4% and it is categorized as very proper. This website has superiorities that are: 1) integrating the existing SMK production unit in Surakarta, 2) there is a messaging feature. For the weaknesses of this website are: 1) the design is less attractive, 2) the absence of transaction features.
The Implementation of Cooperative Principle in Class Group Discussion
Authors: Juansah Dase Erwin , Emzir Emzir
Published: February 2021

This study is aimed to understand the implementation of Griceâ€™s cooperative principle in class group discussion at Indonesian Language and Literature Study Program of Faculty of Teachers Training and Education of UNTIRTA Serang. The research was conducted through ethnographic study. Data of the research were collected through observation and transcription of documentation which investigated into the analysis of domain, taxonomy, componential, and cultural themes. The result of study showed that the implementation of Griceâ€™s cooperative principles was found in class group discussion at Indonesian Language and Literature Study Program of Faculty of Teachers Training and Education of UNTIRTA Serang. The maxim that mostly occurred was maxim of quantity, continued by maxim of relevance, maxim of quality, and maxim of manner. The result also showed that the use of cooperative principles in class group discussion could not be separated from the influence of studentsâ€™ origin culture and mother tongue which reflected into the use of formal language, politeness, tone, sense of respect and focus on the discussion, and the use direct speech.
‘STORY PYRAMID’: AN INOVATION OF ENGLISH TEACHING STRATEGY IN PROMOTING STUDENTS’ READING SKILL
Authors: Rahmawati Eulis
Published: February 2021

Some problems are faced by students in reading of English text. The interesting strategy is needed to teach them. Story Pyramid Strategyis one of strategies to teach reading comprehension. This strategy forces students to review and summarize the main points of a story. The research aimed at knowing the effectiveness of using story pyramid strategy in teaching  narrative text toward students’ reading comprehension was conducted in SMAN 1 Serang. The research design of this reseacrh was quasi experimental research with quantitative approach. The  research  finding  showed  that  Story Pyramid  Strategy  is  effective in  teaching  narrative  text  toward  students’ reading comprehension to Senior High School.
BUILDING CHARACTER OF ALTRUISM PRAXIS IN ENGLISH TEACHING AND LEARNING AT MAN KARAWANG
Authors: Ibrahim Fina Aufar Laela
Published: February 2021

This study aimed at investigating the altruism praxis in English teaching and learning classroom activities in Senior High School. This study employed a case study and conducted in MAN Karawang. The data in this study were the occurence of altruism aspects in English teaching and learning classroom activities. This study employed two instruments in collecting data, namely observation and interview. This study revealed that three aspects of altruism, empathy; prosocial behavior and aversive-arousal reduction appeared in English teaching and learning classroom activities and the most dominant is prosocial behavior. In other words, it can be concluded that MAN Karawang has contributed in altruism praxis in English teaching and learning classroom activities. The contribution is shown by habituating and maintaining the behaviors that represent aspects of altruism, such as Student follows teacher`s instruction; Student lends others stuffs they do not have and student uses positive language during discussion.
Perencanaan Tebal Lapis Perkerasan Lentur Jalan Dengan Metode Bina Marga dan Analisa Komponen
Authors: Sari Tisya Lulu Atika , Hadi Winoto , Prihantono Prihantono
Published: February 2021

The highway is one of the most influential facilities in human life, both in social and economic terms. Therefore, if the quality of the highway is inadequate, then the economic level of the people who cross the road in the area. To create a quality road, it is necessary to plan with the appropriate method. Similarly, the Rainis-Melonguane - Beo- Esang Road segment in Talaud Islands District, North Sulawesi Province which widened the road from two ways with two lanes, into two ways with four lanes to improve the effectiveness of the local road usage. From the calculation result of thickness of pavement layer of bend road using DGH method and Component Analysis, it can be concluded that DGH method yields larger layer thickness with percentage difference of second layer thickness method on surface 68,75%, at base equal to 60%, And at sub-base 75,61%. Then, the thickness of the layer that can be used in this road widening project is the thickness of the layer calculated using the Component Analysis method because it has a thick layer of thin layer on the lowest CBR, but still qualifies the minimum thickness of the flexible pavement layer according to SKBI 2.3.26 1987.
Pengendalian Waktu Produksi Balok Girder Dengan Menggunakan Metode CPM dan LoB
Authors: Christofer Christofer , Anisah Anisah , Purnomo Adhi
Published: February 2021

This research is purpose to control time in Girder beam production using CPM (Criticial Paht Method) and LoB (Line of Balance) to get maximum productions amount with  time adaptability precisely. This research is using count method and management of secondary and primary data that illustrated to graphic and diagram. Case study at project of building the overpass LRT (Light Rail Transit), to productions girder beam at PT. Adhi Karya Factory Precast Sentul. The result of this research shows that productions capability girder beam increase as much 21 unit girder beam per mount with speed track 59,4268 unit per hour, balance delay 42,3678 %, line efficiency 42,267 with time cycle that using is 68,5 hour in first cycle, 69 hours in second cycle, 69 hours in third cycle, 69 hours in fourth cycle and having waiting time that happen to every trun of cycle is one hour. So that the result of research can declare is happen productions acceleration with using CPM (Criticial Paht Method) and LoB (Line of Balance) is 10 hour per mount.
VARIASI CAMPURAN ALKALI AKTIVATOR PADA KUAT TEKAN BETON GEOPOLIMER DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ABU CANGKANG TELUR BEBEK PADA PROSES PENGOVENAN
Authors: Hasner Kevin Erin , Musalamah Sittati , Prihantono Prihantono
Published: February 2021

The objective of this research is to know the increase in the value of geopolymer concrete compressive strength using duck eggshell ash with a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxidein variations of 65%: 35%, 70%: 30%, and 75%: 25% at 7 days and 28 days with oven test specimensand control concrete which are only allowed to stand at room temperature. Ass Duck egg shells used are wastes which are burned with temperatures reaching 800 ° Cfor ± 4 hours using a ceramic burning oven. This study uses cylindrical test object with a diameter of10 cm and a height of 20 cm with the quality of the plan is fc '20 MPa. Testing of geopolymerconcrete compressive strength using a Crushing Test Machine tool. The geopolymer concretecompressive strength produced by heating concrete specimens at activator variations of 65%: 35%,70%: 30%, and 75%: 25% at 7 days ie 6,157 MPa, 12,314 MPa, and 3,736 MPa, and for 28 days ie2.547 MPa, 2.760 MPa, and 1.698 MPa. While the concrete specimens which were not heated thevalue of concrete compressive strength on activator variations were 65%: 35%, 70%: 30%, and 75%:25% at 7 days, ie 2.972 MPa, 3.991 MPa, and 1.486 MPa, and for 28 days, ie 1.401 MPa, 2.123MPa, and 1,273 MPa. It can be seen that the value of the maximum average compressive strength isin the variation of activator 70%: 30% with test specimens vented at a temperature of 79 ° C first.
PEMANFAATAN ABU BONGGOL JAGUNG SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAH SEMEN PADA PEMBUATAN BATA RINGAN JENIS CLC
Authors: Nugraha Muhammad Aditya , Daryati Daryati , Anisah Anisah
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the use of corn cob ash as an additive to cement in the production of CLC lightweight bricks according to SNI 03-2156-1991 concerning air flow light brick blocks by autoclaving process. The method used is an experiment in accordance with SNI 03-2156-1991 regarding light brick blocks of air flow with autoclaving process. The test object measures 59 × 19 ×10 cm and uses 45 specimens. The results obtained for dimensional testing exceed the required limits of SNI 03-2156-1991. The compressive strength of lightweight bricks is obtained at variations of 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% respectively 3.07 N/mm², 3.68 N/mm², 4.54 N/mm², 4.29 N/mm², and 4 N/mm² with the optimum compressive strength value obtained at 6% variation and non-passing variation at 0% variation with a minimum requirement of 3.6 N/mm². The flexural strength of lightweight bricks is obtained at variations of 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% respectively 0.27 N/mm², 0.63 N/mm², 0.81 N/mm², 0.65 N/mm², and 0.76 N/mm with optimum flexural strength values obtained at 6% variation and non-qualifying variations at 0% and 4% variations with a minimum requirement of 0.65 N/mm².
PERENCANAAN PEMANFAATAN SISTEM PEMANENAN AIR HUJAN (PAH) DALAM MENDUKUNG PENERAPAN ECODRAIN DI KAMPUS B UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA
Authors: Ismahyanti Fauziah , Saleh Rosmawita , Maulana Arris
Published: February 2021

This research is done to plan rainwater harvesting so that it can be used as an alternative water source on the campus B UNJ so it is expected to reduce groundwater use that can cause a puddle. The method used in the PAH development plan is a water balance method. This method compares the level of demand with water volume that can be accommodated or the availability of water (supply). Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the potential for rainwater in the FIO office building A was 1773.95 m3 , FMIPA building B was 1904.62 m3 , the FIO lecture building C was 1613.21 m3 and the Ulul Albab mosque was 512.16 m3 . Potential rainwater obtained cistern PAH capacity of 200 m3 by saving water needs by 30% in building A FIO, building B FMIPA, and building C FIO. The capacity of the PAH cistern is 80 m3 by saving the water needs of the Ulul Albab mosque by 13.3%. Placement of the PAH cistern under the ground with a ground water system. Ecodrainage application by utilizing the PAH system can reduce drainage load by 0.158 m3 /second or 13.9% from rainwater runoff.