bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct aerosol effects on cloud-to-ground lightning in the plateau and basin regions of Sichuan, Southwest China
Authors: Zhao Pengguo , Li Zhanqing , Xiao Hui , Wu Fang , Zheng Youtong , Cribb Maureen C. , Jin Xiaoai , Zhou Yunjun
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The joint effects of aerosol, thermodynamic, and cloud-related factors on cloud-to-ground lightning in Sichuan were investigated by a comprehensive analysis of ground measurements made from 2005 to 2017 in combination with reanalysis data. Data include aerosol optical depth, cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning density, convective available potential energy (CAPE), mid-level relative humidity, lower- to mid-tropospheric vertical wind shear, cloud-base height, total column liquid water (TCLW), and total column ice water (TCIW). Results show that CG lightning density and aerosols are positively correlated in the plateau region and negatively correlated in the basin region. Sulfate aerosols are found to be more strongly associated with lightning than total aerosols, so this study focuses on the role of sulfate aerosols in lightning activity. In the plateau region, the lower aerosol concentration stimulates lightning activity through microphysical effects. Increasing the aerosol loading reduces the cloud droplet size, reducing the cloud droplet collision-coalescence efficiency and inhibiting the warm-rain process. More small cloud droplets are transported above the freezing level to participate in the freezing process, forming more ice particles and releasing more latent heat during the freezing process. Thus, an increase in aerosol loading increases CAPE, TCLW, and TCIW, stimulating CG lightning in the plateau region. In the basin region, by contrast, the higher concentration of aerosols inhibits lightning activity through the radiative effect. An increase in aerosol loading reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground, thereby lowering CAPE. The intensity of convection decreases, resulting in less supercooled water transported to the freezing level and fewer ice particles forming, thus increasing the total liquid water content. Therefore, an increase in aerosol loading suppresses the intensity of convective activity and CG lightning in the basin region.
From a polar to a marine environment: has the changing Arctic led to a shift in aerosol light scattering properties?
Authors: Heslin-Rees Dominic , Burgos Maria , Hansson Hans-Christen , Krejci Radovan , Ström Johan , Tunved Peter , Zieger Paul
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The study of long-term trends in aerosol optical properties is an important task to understand the underlying aerosol processes influencing the change of climate. The Arctic, as the place where climate change manifests most, is an especially sensitive region of the world. Within this work, we use a unique long-term data record of key aerosol optical properties from Zeppelin observatory, Svalbard, to ask the question of whether the environmental changes of the last two decades in the Arctic are reflected in the observations. We perform a trend analysis of the measured particle light scattering and backscattering coefficients and the derived scattering Ångström exponent and hemispheric backscattering fraction. In contrast to previous studies, the effect of in-cloud scavenging and potential sampling losses at the site is taken explicitly into account in the trend analysis. The analysis is combined with a back trajectory analysis and satellite-derived sea ice data, to support the interpretation of the observed trends. We find that the optical properties of aerosol particles have undergone clear and significant changes in the past two decades. The scattering Angström exponent and the particle light scattering coefficient exhibit statistically significant decreasing of between −4.9 and −6.3 % per year (using wavelengths of λ = 450 and 550 nm) and increasing trends of between 2.3 and 2.9 % per year (at a wavelength of λ = 550 nm), respectively. The magnitudes of the trends vary depending on the season. These trends indicate a shift to an aerosol dominated more by coarse-mode particles, most likely the result of increases in the relative amount of sea spray aerosol. We show that changes in air mass circulation patterns, specifically an increase in air masses from the south-west, are responsible for the shift in aerosol optical properties, while the decrease of Arctic sea ice in the last two decades had only a marginal influence on the observed trends.
The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic and Social Development
Authors: CHAHINE Youssef
Published: June 2020

Entrepreneurship is used to denote explorers and innovators in various fields. It has affected by economics, psychology, marketing, sociology, history, strategic management and human sciences. It is also considered as one of the important areas in the economies of developed industrial countries and developing ones. Therefore entrepreneurial projects make an active contribution to expansion of comprehensive economic development in all countries. This paper attempts to provide a theoretical frame work on the concept of entrepreneurship, its importance, characteristics and components. It also deals with the most important obstacles, reforms and the extent of the impact of entrepreneurshipon economic and social development of the country. Many societies face different problems related to pushing economic development forward. Hence, the role of entrepreneurship lay which affect positively and substantially in supporting this progress.
rigidez constitucional mínima como una forma débil del constitucionalismo
Authors: Melero de la Torre Mariano Carlos
Published: June 2020

Algunos autores contrarios a la práctica constitucional actualmente dominante han defendido una rigidez constitucional “mínima” como una forma “débil” del constitucionalismo en la que la voluntad mayoritaria puede identificar el alcance de los derechos fundamentales por encima de las determinaciones judiciales. El objetivo de este trabajo es plantear algunas reflexiones críticas sobre dicha propuesta, adoptando para ello como parámetro normativo (lo que trataré de identificar como) la racionalidad intrínseca de la práctica constitucional contemporánea en las democracias liberales. Dicha argumentación crítica avanza del siguiente modo: en primer lugar, se discute la distinción formal (basada exclusiva o principalmente en el diseño institucional) entre sistemas de control jurisdiccional “fuerte” y “débil”; en segundo lugar, se pone en duda la supuesta relevancia de la reforma constitucional en la concreción histórica de los derechos básicos; y, por último, se rechaza la rigidez constitucional mínima entendida como parte de un modelo constitucional genuinamente alternativo (la “soberanía popular fuerte”) diseñado para superar la práctica constitucional dominante.
DESIGN THINKING APLICADO AO CONTEXTO DA INCLUSÃO DIGITAL DA TERCEIRA IDADE
Authors: Anjos Thaiana Pereira dos , Reis Rodrigo Balbinot , Casagrande Jacir Leonir , Souza Luiz Fernando de
Published: June 2020

A população idosa, pessoas com mais de 60 anos, nasceu e viveu em uma época em que a tecnologia não era digital, e sim analógica. Existem idosos que ainda não foram englobados neste mundo digital e enfrentam dificuldades para interagir com os computadores. Foi identificado que diversos idosos, tanto membros da comunidade em geral quanto alunos matriculados em cursos técnicos e superiores de uma instituição federal de ensino, não possuem conhecimento em informática. Dessa forma, este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o desenvolvimento do projeto de extensão “Inclusão Digital na Terceira Idade” com base na metodologia do Design Thinking (DT). Para isso, professores, psicólogo e alunos formaram uma equipe para desenvolver um curso de Informática Básica, a fim de proporcionar a inclusão digital desses idosos. Na primeira fase, Inspiração, foi necessário que a equipe conhecesse as necessidades, barreiras e desejos dos idosos, assim como delimitar os problemas na forma de oportunidades. Na segunda fase, Ideação, a equipe teve que gerar ideias para as possíveis soluções. Na terceira fase, Implementação, a equipe colocou em prática a solução e coletou feedbacks para melhorar a proposta. O curso foi ofertado de maio a dezembro de 2018 e contou com a participação de 20 idosos. Os resultados alcançados mostram que o desenvolvimento do curso com base na abordagem DT foi satisfatória, visto que teve aprovação dos idosos, incorporou aspectos do design centrado no usuário, houve elaboração de soluções rápidas com flexibilidade e, principalmente, a co-criação durante o processo.
REFLEXÕES PEDAGÓGICAS SOBRE AS AULAS DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA NO ENSINO INTEGRADO
Authors: Pereira de Souza Glauber
Published: June 2020

O presente texto estabelece uma reflexão sobre o papel da educação e da escola no processo de constituição e modificação das estruturas sociais, partindo de uma análise que questiona as intencionalidades implicadas nos modelos educacionais hegemônicos. Com críticas à formação voltada aos interesses do capital, mas sem desconsiderar que entre as funções da escola está a preparação para o trabalho, defende-se no artigo o ensino integrado à educação profissional como proposta pedagógica voltada aos interesses da classe trabalhadora. No intuito de se construírem práticas educativas condizentes com um projeto de formação humana integral e não submisso às determinações do mercado, problematizam-se as questões que envolvem o ensino da linguagem, visto que ela é elemento essencial das relações humanas que, no entanto, acaba sendo usada para promover os processos de exclusão social.
DESENVOLVENDO IDEIAS CRIATIVAS COM NEUROCIÊNCIA: WORKSHOP PARA ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO
Authors: Maciel Filipe Bassan Marinho , Martins Vinicius Zanon , Daltrozo Jenifer Godoy
Published: June 2020

Os processos de criação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo se caracterizam, de maneira geral, pela utilização de metodologias que colocam o aluno frente a situações-problema reais necessitadas de uma solução (projeto) a partir da aplicação de diversas habilidades desenvolvidas interdisciplinarmente no percorrer do curso. Não raro, o processo criativo dos estudantes encontra-se bloqueado, dificultando a solução dos problemas de projeto propostos. Nesse sentido, complementando de forma experimental os métodos tradicionais de ensino, foram oferecidos a alunos dos cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, workshops com técnicas e estratégias de desenvolvimento de ideias criativas baseadas em neurociência. O objetivo geral deste trabalho, portanto, é apresentar a metodologia aplicada e os resultados gerados nesses eventos. Eles são estruturados em duas etapas, sendo na primeira delas apresentados os conceitos da neurociência e executadas três práticas preparatórias. Na segunda etapa, os alunos aprendem quatro técnicas/estratégias de desenvolvimento de ideias, de forma individual e em grupo, aplicando-as em cases de estudo. O desempenho dos alunos mostrou-se positivo nos dois eventos realizados, que geraram soluções iniciais diversificadas para cada um dos problemas, as quais são passíveis de posterior desenvolvimento e detalhamento em projeto. Através do oferecimento de ferramentas de cunho científico que fortalecem as capacidades criativas dos alunos, pode-se quebrar o mito de que a criatividade é um dom, uma competência destinada apenas a um grupo seleto de pessoas. Na avaliação dos eventos, mais da metade dos participantes considerou que aprimorou seus conhecimentos com as técnicas/estratégias.
Assessment of ICT Skills Relevant for Effective Learning Possessed by Undergraduate Students at University of Nigeria
Authors: Oguguo Basil C.E , Okeke Agnes O. , Dave-Ugwu Priscilla O. , Ocheni Christopher A. , Ugorji Clifford O. , Nwoji Ijeoma Hope N. , Ike Iheanacho C.
Published: June 2020

This study examined the information and communication technology (ICT) skills relevant for effective learning possessed by undergraduate students. The study made use of descriptive survey research design. The study participants were 320 undergraduate students of university of Nigeria. The instrument used for data collection was “Relevant ICT Skills for Effective Learning among Undergraduate Students Questionnaire” (RISELUSQ). The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach-Alpha method and a reliability coefficient of 0.84 was obtained. Four research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The data collected were subjected to analysis, the mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested using t-test and ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that undergraduate students possessed the relevant ICT skills that will enhance their learning and that the ICT skills of the male students were not different from that of the female. The findings also showed that the ICT skills of undergraduate students differ based on their educational level, particularly, between the 100 level and 500 levels. Equally, the finding reveals that the students face some ICT challenges like non-functional/limited projectors in classrooms, limited e-learning facilities among others. Based on the findings, it was recommended that students be encouraged to continue to improve on their ICT skills as it will enable them strive well academically and that school authorities should ensure adequate and proper infrastructures/ICT facilities be put in place within the university environment.
Legal, Institutional and Financial Solutions for the Sustainable Development Strategy of Inland Waterway Transport in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Tan Vinh , Nguyen Hoang Phuong
Published: June 2020

Inland waterway transport (IWT) plays an important role in the cause of socio-economic construction and development and national defense during the period of national renewal and international economic integration. With abundant infrastructure resources, inland waterway transport is a strong transport form of Vietnam, and is considered a "locomotive" in the strategy of the transport industry. The IWT system of Vietnam is well performing its duties. The share of the IWT in Vietnam is among the highest in the world and the transport volume is still on the rise. This encouraging result is due to the main waterway network in the North and the South that currently serves the two most economically and spearhead locomotives of Vietnam.However, the development potential of IWT in Vietnam has not been optimally exploited and still limited. The main reason is due to the weak enforcement of current regulations because of overlapping legal system; Institutional framework faces many shortcomings, such as the current regulatory management sector, which lacks a formal mechanism for consultation with professional knowledge and expertise; The financial support framework is unclear and unsustainable as no user fee collection is used to support the infrastructure management activities of the Vietnam Inland Waterway Administration or lack of capital to build infrastructure development, the role of participation of private enterprises is limited.Therefore, improving the effectiveness of institutional structure, strengthening the framework and legal regulations as well as innovating financial mechanisms are essential for the sustainable development strategy of Vietnam's inland waterway transport industry in the period 2020-2030.The paper emphasizes the study of the development status of IWT system in Vietnam to highlight the role of reform solutions. The focus is on the institutional framework of infrastructure management and sector regulation, improving the enabling environment by disseminating laws and regulations in the industry, efficient distribution of capital resources ensures transparency and sustainability. The author has analyzed and comprehensively assessed the challenges that the inland waterway transport industry is facing, especially the pressure on the legal framework, institutional structure and policies that are inherently limited, also recommends for a reform program to support the IWT industry to develop in terms of both scale and technical level.
Environmental Scanning Practices and Structure: An Empirical Study of Industrial Tunisian Group
Authors: Znaidi Afef , Gherib Dorra
Published: June 2020

Background/Objectives: The main purpose of the research is to study the influence of the structural specificities on the environmental scanning practices of industrial Tunisian groups. This research presents the direct effect of structural specificity on environment scanning practices and verify the existence of linear relationships between centralization, formalization and complexity of the structure and the variables of the environmental scanning practices.Methods/Statistical. Methodological tools of the research methods were quantitative, a survey based on a questionnaire is conducted with a sample of the relevant population, namely, subsidiaries of Tunisian industrial groups. The number of managers to whom we sent the questionnaire amounted to 283, a total of 120 usable questionnaires were collected. The overall response rate was 42.4%. The collected questionnaires were then processed using specialized SPSS software. With regard to the purification of measuring instruments, exploratory factor analysis.Findings: The results of the hypothesis validation relating structure centralization and the environmental scanning practices mean that a weak centralization, a decentralization of decision-making. The second series of hypotheses concerning the link between structure formalization and environmental scanning practices, we were able to confirm the existence of all the relationships provided for between the formalization and the environmental scanning practices. The hypotheses concerning the relationship between the vertical complexity and the environmental scanning practices were rejected.Improvements/Applications: The contributions of scanning environment practices at the corporate level and at the level of group subsidiaries, and stimulate the efforts made by companies in the field of scanning environment.
The Impacts of Earnings Quality on Dividend Policy of Listed Enterprises in Vietnam
Authors: Hung Dau Hoang , Hung Dang Ngoc , Ha Nguyen Viet , Van Vu Thi Thuy
Published: June 2020

The paper examines the impact of earnings quality (EQ) on the dividend policy of enterprises in Vietnam. We consider the EQ in terms of multiple dimensions such as accruals quality, earnings persistence, revelance and timeliness of earning information. The study uses regression method according to Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with EQ as an intermediate variable, data collected at enterprises listed on the stock market in Vietnam in the period of 2010 - 2018, with 4541 observations. The research results have found that EQ has a positive influence on dividend policy on all aspects of EQ. The empirical research results are a useful basis to help enterprises improve EQ, thereby helping business in implementing appropriate dividend policy.
Outsourcing Practices in State-Owned Enterprises: Evidence From Indonesia
Authors: Hastuti Tri , Utama Yos Johan , Mashari M , Hersugondo H
Published: June 2020

This study is subject to find the factors that cause the inability of the Government in determining the type of work in the job chartering (outsourcing) by the Business Sector Association to create a flow of work activities. The authority of the Business Sector Association in making the flow of activities that determine itself the type of core work (core business) and supporting work (non-core business) when violations occur so it needs to be limited by the Government through agencies that are experts in their fields. This research method used a socio legal approach since it involved a reciprocal relationship between law and related social institutions. This research is considered as a descriptive study that described the object studied in several companies of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) that applied outsourcing practices in the city of Semarang. The results of the study found that the practice of outsourcing in the city of Semarang has identified several violations namely the existence of the Business Sector Association in determining the type of core work (core business) to be a supporting work (non-core business) so that it violated Article 65 paragraph (3) of Law Number 13 Year 2003 concerning The Employment. The inability of the Government in outsourcing practices is dominated by corporate strategy factors through the Business Sector Association in making the flow of activities that should use the outsourcing system for types of supporting work (non core business) to become core work (core business) by using outsourcing and supporting systems (non core business) by the Business Sector Association in creating the flow of activities to determine for themselves the type of core work (core business) so that there would be an efficiency and optimization of the core business activities of a company.
The Impact of New Rural Cooperative Insurance on Migrant Workers' Consumption: Empirical Analysis Based on China Migrants Dynamic Survey
Authors: Huang Juanjuan , Jiang Jinhong , Chi Qishui
Published: June 2020

Based on the data from the National Health Commission of China, this paper analyzes the impact of the new rural cooperative medical insurance on the household consumption of migrant workers by using the ordinary least squares method and the propensity score matching method. The study found that the average annual per capita consumption of participating migrant workers decreased by 3.5%, and the influence of NCMS on the consumption of different groups of migrant workers was significantly different, among which, the negative impact of consumption of low-income group, young group and group with high degree of urban integration is significant. Based on the analysis of the consumption mechanism of NCMS and the heterogeneity of migrant workers, this paper puts forward some differentiated insurance policy suggestions.
Identification Factors Affecting Variation and Change Order of Design-Build Projects
Authors: Nguyen Phong Thanh , Nguyen Hanh Thi Hong
Published: June 2020

Variations and change orders are inevitable in the course of implementing a construction investment project. It can appear throughout the project from the design phase to the construction, acceptance, and completion of the project. This change affects more or less the schedule, quality, and cost of the project. On the other hand, variations and changes orders may also cause disputes and conflicts among project stakeholders. In order to overcome this issue, this paper presents critical the factors which need to be addressed and used for change orders in design-build projects in Vietnam. The results showed that written instructions, variation value, and scope of variation are the three most important factors used in the variation management process in design-build projects in Vietnam.
An Empirical Assessment of the Effect of Taxes and Interest Rate on Economic Growth in Jordan: An Application of Dynamic Autoregressive-Distributed Lag
Authors: Alkhawaldeh Bashar Younis , Mahmood Suraya , Jakada Aminu Hassan
Published: June 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of taxes and interest rate on economic growth in Jordan by employing the time series data from 1970-2019. Furthermore, this study applies the Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Phillips-Perron, Saikonen and Lütkepohl and Zivot-Andrews test of unit root. Moreover, the study uses cointegration test developed by Gregory and Hansen to investigate the long-run relationship and the dynamic autoregressive distributive lags were used for the estimation result. The long run and short-run estimates reveal the positive and negative effects of taxes and the interest rate on economic growth respectively. While the 1997 Asian financial crisis and 2015 food crisis show a negative effect on economic growth. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the government authorities in Jordan should lower the interest rate that will increase the investment in order to have faster economic growth. The government should urgently plan to broaden the tax base to stimulate economic growth in Jordan. Regulators should encourage banks to start raising capital immediately to strengthen capital ratios well above prudential norms, and prepare schemes for public recapitalization and, where appropriate, public purchases of non-performing assets. The next policy fulfils the government's need to enhance agricultural productivity through better technology to ensure long-term food security and reduce poverty, as well as help to boost economic growth.
Impact of Informal Experiences: Changes in Mathematics Motivation for Middle Schoolers
Authors: Lindt Suzanne F , Gupta Dittika
Published: June 2020

The current research sought to examine the impact of a week-long mathematics camp on motivation and self-efficacy beliefs of participating middle school students. Middle school students participated in a one-week mathematics camp on a college campus, where they worked on authentic mathematics activities that were applied to real world concepts. The activities were developed by a mathematics educator and were facilitated by trained college students. Middle school students responded to the Sources of Self-Efficacy measure before and after the mathematics camp to determine whether changes occurred in various motivational variables resulting from their participation in the camp. Parallel t-tests indicated significant positive changes in students’ vicarious experiences and mastery goals to suggest that participation in the camp may have caused students to feel more confident in their ability to work through math problems and to adopt learning goals for mastering mathematics content. Providing middle school students with informal learning experiences in mathematics may help them in creating long-term goals for their learning.
Assessment of Barriers in Initiation and Completion of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among Household Child Con-tacts of Pulmonary TB Patients in Delhi: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Ahmed Faheem , Malik Tazean Zahoor , Islam Farzana , Muzaffar Areeba
Published: June 2020

Background: Young children (aged < 6 years) in contact with Sputum positive TB adults are often infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and once infected are at higher risk of progression to TB disease than adults.

Objectives: The study was conducted To find out the proportion of < 6 years of age children having household contact of a pulmonary TB patient, screened, initiated, and completed IPT in the year 2019 and to find out the barriers for not completing/taking IPT.

Methodology: A mixed-method study was conducted during July–September 2019 among household contacts of < 6 years of age of sputum positive pulmonary TB patients attending a DOT centre in South – East Delhi.

Results: A total of 52 household contacts of less than 6 years of age were identified. Whereas 65% of the study population was aware of IPT, only 26.9% of individuals were on IPT out of the total study population and only 4 % had completed the IPT. On qualitative analysis, most of them informed that the DOTS provider didn’t emphasize them about IPT. Some of them felt that it isn’t required since the child does not have the disease.

Conclusion: Adherence to IPT is low. The dearth of IEC activities in the study area adds to this burden. Hence prompt IEC activities and adequate training of DOT providers for initiation and adherence of IPT is the need of the time.
Canadian Urological Association guideline on male urethral stricture
Authors: Rourke Keith F. , Welk Blayne , Kodama Ron , Bailly Greg , Davies Tim , Santesso Nancy , Violette Philippe D.
Published: June 2020

Urethral stricture is fundamentally a fibrosis of the urethral epithelial and associated corpus spongiosum which in turn causes obstruction of the urethral lumen. Patients with urethral stricture most commonly present with lower urinary tract symptoms, urinary retention or urinary tract infection but may also experience a broad spectrum of other signs and symptoms including genitourinary pain, hematuria, abscess, ejaculatory dysfunction, or renal failure. When urethral stricture is initially suspected based on clinical assessment, cystoscopy is suggested as the modality that most accurately establishes the diagnosis. This recommendation is based on several factors including the accuracy of cystoscopy as well as its wide availability, lesser overall cost, and comfort of urologists with this technique. When recurrent urethral stricture is suspected, we suggest performing retrograde urethrography to further stage the length and location of the stricture or referring the patient to a physician with expertise in reconstructive urology. Ultimately, the treatment decision depends on several factors, including the type and acuity of patient symptoms, the presence of complications, prior interventions, and the overall impact of the urethral stricture on the patient’s quality of life. Endoscopic treatment either as dilation or internal urethrotomy is suggested rather than urethroplasty for the initial treatment of urethral stricture. This recommendation applies to men with undifferentiated urethral stricture and does not apply to trauma-related urethral injuries, penile urethral strictures (hypospadias, lichen sclerosus) or suspected urethral malignancy. In the setting of recurrent urethral stricture, urethroplasty is suggested rather than repeat endoscopic management but this may vary depending on patient preference and impact of the symptoms on the patient.
Enhanced-Efficiency Phosphorous Fertilizer Impacts on Corn and Common Bean Crops and Soil Phosphorus Diffusion
Authors: Souza Carlos Henrique Eiterer de , Reis Jr Roberto dos A. , Ribeiro Victor Gustavo Soares , Machado Murilo Mendes , Neto Miguel Martins , Soares Paulo Henrique
Published: June 2020

Phosphorus (P) supply to crops is a major constraint on the quantity and quality of food production in tropical soils, which are often characterized by highly weathered soils having low phosphorus use efficiency. Increasing P fertilizer use efficiency is a good tool for increasing food production to feed an increasing world population. Enhanced efficiency P fertilizer is used to achieve this goal. The lack of information about soil P diffusive flux and corn and common bean yield response with increased efficiency P fertilizers justify studies to evaluate the performance of this type of fertilizer. The aims of this study were to evaluate P diffusive flux and corn and common bean crop response to P sources and rates. A laboratory trial was carried out to evaluate soil P diffusive flux in response to P sources (MAP and Policote coated MAP). Field trials were carried out to evaluate corn and common bean yields in response to P sources (MAP and Policote coated MAP) and rates. Policote, an additive based on water-soluble polymers, is an anionic copolymer with iron an aluminum affinity. Increasing contact time between P-fertilizers and soil reduced phosphorus diffusive flux. Policote coated P-fertilizer resulted in higher phosphorus diffusion than conventional phosphorus fertilizer. Phosphorus fertilization increased corn and common bean yields. Policote coated phosphorus fertilizer resulted in higher agronomic P efficiency use, corn, and common bean yields than conventional phosphorus fertilizer. Policote coated P fertilizer can be used as an enhanced efficiency fertilizer and is a more efficient way to deliver required phosphorous to plants. Reducing farm investment, increasing agricultural profits, preserve phosphatic rocks reserves, and avoid the overuse of phosphate fertilizer could be realized through the rational use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers and fertilizer rate use reduction.
Biodiversity of Natural Enemies of Pseudococcidae in the Semiarid Region of Brazil
Authors: Sá Maria G. R. , Oliveira José E. M. , Costa Valmir A. , Lopes Paulo R. C.
Published: June 2020

Pseudococcidae species, also known as mealybugs, comprises a complex of pests in various cultivated and non-cultivated plant species, among which fruit plants are most affected by both direct and indirect damage. The incidence of these pest species has been constant in productive environments, causing significant losses due to sap suction, virus transmission, and damage to fruit quality. Thus, this study aimed to know and investigate the population dynamics of natural enemies of Pseudococcidae in different fruit plants cultivated in the semiarid region of Brazil. For this, mealybugs associated with roots, stems, leaves, and fruits of vine, pear, apple, persimmon, guava, and acerola trees were collected biweekly in 14 properties in the São Francisco Valley region, from July 2016 to June 2017. These mealybugs were properly separated for the removal of their predators and the emergence of parasitoids associated with them (Pseudococcidae). Coccophagus sp., Aenasius sp., Anagyrus kamali, Anagyrus sp. 1, Anagyrus sp. 2, Anagyrus sp. 3, Anagyrus sp. 4, Coccidoxenoides perminutus, Gyranusoidea indica, Leptomastix dactylopii, Prochiloneurus sp., Aprostocetus sp., and Signiphora sp. were identified as parasitoids and Diadiplosis multifila, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Tenuisvalvae notata, Cycloneda sanguinea, and Hippodamia convergens were identified as predators, in addition to unidentified species of Coccinellidae and Chrysopidae.
Cryopreservation of Chlorella vulgaris Using Different Cryoprotectant Agents
Authors: Silva Helder Rodrigues da , Silva Francino Costa Palhares da , Prete Cassio Egidio Cavenaghi , Hoshino Rodrigo Thibes , Faria Ricardo Tadeu de , Mantovani Mario Sergio , Guedes Carmen Luisa Barbosa
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study is to evaluate the cryopreservation of Chlorella vulgaris using different substances. The C. vulgaris was cultured in medium MH, the microalgae were grown under a 12:12 h light: dark photoperiod, illumination with 40 W led lamps, and a controlled temperature of 28±1 ºC. C.vulgaris was cultured for 15 days and the culture was aliquoted into 3-mL cryogenic tubes. The 3-mL aliquot was centrifuged, the supernatant was discarded, and the pellet was resuspended in different cryoprotectant solutions, T1-PVS1, T2-PVS2, T3-PVS2 (1% phloroglucinol), T4 (2 M glycerol), and T5 (5% methanol). The samples were rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C) and analyzed after 15, 150, and 300 days of freezing. Cell viability was determined in cultures grown for 20 days. The only effective treatment was T5, which promoted the growth of thawed cultures in both solid and liquid media. After 15 days of freezing in liquid nitrogen and 20 days of culture growth, the number of viable and nonviable cells was 3.42±0.72 × 107 and 0.06±0.009 × 107, respectively, and viability was 98.2%. Similar values were obtained after 150 and 300 days of freezing: 2.17±0.15 × 107 and 2.35±0.18 × 107 viable cells, 0.05±0.02 × 107 and 0.10±0.02 × 107 nonviable cells, and viability of 97.6% and 95.8%, respectively. The cryopreservation protocol for microalgae C. vulgaris using 5% methanol was effective; therefore, it is possible to maintain this strain under axenic conditions in liquid nitrogen for long periods.
Is effective patient support missing in the global response to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis?
Authors: Cocozza A. M. , Linh N. N. , Jaramillo E.
Published: June 2020

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a threat to the achievement of the global targets to the World Health Organization (WHO) End TB by 2030 Strategy. The WHO consolidated guidelines for the treatment of drug-resistant TB emphasise the importance of addressing health systems
issues, including supporting patients during treatment, contributing to improved adherence, reduced catastrophic costs and better treatment outcomes. The recently published results of the STREAM (Standardised Treatment Regimen of Anti-TB Drugs for Patients with MDR-TB) clinical trial and the
Delamanid 213 Trial suggest that the implementation of a proper patient-centred approach to the clinical and programmatic management of MDR-TB as per the WHO guidelines is key to improving treatment outcomes in MDR-TB patients.
Analiza rusztowań budowlanych
z wykorzystaniem nowych technologii
Authors: Nowobilski Tomasz , Sawicki Marek , Szóstak Mariusz
Published: June 2020

Wraz z rozwojem nowych technologii w branży budowlanej, w szczególności technologii BIM, powstają innowacyjne metody zbierania informacji i analizy konstrukcji,
w tym rusztowań budowlanych. Kierując się tym spostrzeżeniem, autorzy artykułu zaproponowali metodykę oceny wybranych elementów konstrukcji rusztowania budowlanego z wykorzystaniem narzędzi technologii BIM. Analizie poddano rusztowanie budowlane o powierzchni ok. 1500 m2. Zgromadzony przy pomocy bezzałogowego statku powietrznego materiał zdjęciowy posłużył do opracowania chmury punktów, której analiza pozwoliła na szczegółową ocenę elementów konstrukcji. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań wskazano zalety i ograniczenia wynikające z zastosowania tej technologii do analiz konstrukcji rzutowań budowlanych.
Features of intellectual functions inhibition among Ukrainian boxers : A sociocultural study
Authors: Ivanchenko Andreyanna , Timchenko Olexander , Zamperini Adriano , Testoni Ines , Gant Olena , Malyk Iaroslava
Published: June 2020

The effects of boxing’s extreme aggressive conditions in training and competitive activity in sportsmen’s mental working capacity still remains under-explored. While the neurophysiological effects caused by micro traumas to the brain have been extensively studied, less attention has been paid to the psychological consequences. This article reports on our study of the features of mental operations efficiency in Ukrainian boxers. The study involved athletes (n = 168, gender: men, average age: 25.5 ± 6.2 years), who were engaged in boxing and kickboxing in the Ukraine’s eastern region. A ‘Classification’ method was used: a set of 70 cards with the images of various objects, plants, and living beings was given with instructions to arrange the items into groups in such a way that the objects in each concrete group possess common properties. Athletes were divided into groups, depending on the level of their sport qualification. Adopting the Vygotskian perspective, this study shows correlations between the productivity of boxers’ thinking processes and the level of their sport skills: highly qualified sportsmen have many more well-marked thinking process defects than the sportsmen of the 2nd and 3rd categories. We observed a decrease in the generalization level, reduction in speed, deterioration of neurodynamic characteristics and criticality processes nearly in all participants. Exhaustibility and decrease in mental working capacity, impulsiveness of thinking, and its unproductive transformation were marked more often among the highly skilled boxers. A discussion on the cultural redefinition of this sport and on the necessary rehabilitative treatments is then presented.
Uso de Técnicas de Análise de Sentimentos em Tweets relacionados ao Meio-Ambiente
Authors: Alves André , Baptista Cláudio , De Andrade Luiz Henrique , Paes Roberta
Published: June 2020

A proliferação dos meios de comunicação na Web e a necessidade das empresas compreenderem os impactos de suas ações socioambientais junto à população afetada, torna necessária a adoção de um mecanismo automático para analisar as opiniões da população. Esta necessidade evidencia-se ainda mais no caso de empresas que tratam diretamente com alto risco ambiental. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é a aplicação de técnicas de análise de sentimentos em tweets relacionados à temática ambiental para auxiliar empresas do setor energético na análise dos impactos das ações empreendidas ao longo do tempo através das opiniões contidas nas mídias sociais.
Gerenciamento de semáforos e Dispersão de Poluentes utilizando o simulador SUMO: Estudo de caso do Centro de Rio Grande/RS
Authors: Born Mírian , Adamatti Diana , De Aguiar Marilton , De Souza Weslen
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta, com abordagem baseada em agentes, de aplicação dos Algoritmos Genéticos (AG) para o controle otimizado de semáforos no tráfego de veículos na cidade de Rio Grande/RS, bem como uma análise da dispersão de poluentes, utilizando o simulador de mobilidade urbana SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility).
SISLIC: Um método para gerenciamento do processo de licenciamento ambiental
Authors: Santana Jaindson , De Figueirêdo Hugo , Baptista Cláudio , De Paiva Anselmo , Paes Roberta , Pinto Murilo , Duarte Brígida
Published: June 2020

O processo de licenciamento ambiental é um procedimento administrativo no qual órgãos ambientais licenciam empreendimentos que fazem uso de recursos naturais, sejam potencialmente poluidores ou possam causar degradação ambiental. Embora exista um manual descritivo de como este processo deve proceder, na prática, muitas vezes, ele segue um fluxo diferente ou tem suas particularidades dependendo do órgão licenciador. Devido a complexidade envolvida neste processo, o trabalho aqui descrito propõe um método que pode ser utilizado no gerenciamento dos processos de licenciamento de empreendimentos. Para validação, foi desenvolvido e implantado o sistema SISLIC em uma empresa de geração de energia elétrica.
Monitoramento de Umidade do Solo via Internet
Authors: Pasieka Tiago , Shubeita Fauzi , Caraffa Marcos
Published: June 2020

Nas propriedades rurais amplia-se o uso da irrigação como tecnologia capaz de garantir a sustentabilidade das plantas em seus estádios de crescimento e aumentar a produtividade em períodos de seca. Neste contexto, deve se considerar que, segundo [Reunião Técnica Anual do Milho e Sorgo, 2011], um manejo adequado da irrigação pode alcançar resultados significativos em termos de racionalização do uso da água. Baseado nesse princípio, o presente estudo, utilizando como referência a cultura do milho, objetivou utilizar-se de uma tecnologia (sensores de umidade e Rede de Sensores sem Fio) para monitorar, via Internet, a umidade do solo de uma área irrigada, possibilitando a tomada de decisão de quando efetuar a irrigação.
Proposta de Desenvolvimento de um Sistema Web Para Monitoramento Hídrico Residencial
Authors: De Souza Igor , De Souza Ícaro , Santos Mateus , Couto Mailson
Published: June 2020

Este artigo apresenta o início de uma proposta para o desenvolvimento de um dashboard de baixo custo para o monitoramento dos recursos hídricos de residências utilizando informações de uma rede de sensores sem fio.
Experimentação da técnica de narrativas OCC-RDD na prática. Um estudo de caso de uma aula no curso superior de ensino à computação.
Authors: Buttignon Karina , Veja Ítalo
Published: June 2020

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo demonstrar na prática a técnica OCC-RDD (Objetivo, Contratempo e Catástrofe, Reação, Dilema e Decisão), discutida no Grupo de Estudos em Modelagem de Software (GEMS), vinculado ao Programa de Tecnologia da Inteligência e Design Digital da PUC-SP. O trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo de caso de uma aula no curso de computação, usando os conceitos da técnicas OCC-RDD, demonstrando novas abordagens para aprendizagem computacional, usando narrativas OCC-RDD, podendo atacar as dificuldades cognitivas do estudante. Trata-se de uma etapa intermediaria de uma pesquisa de mestrado, que tem como objetivo específico desenvolver um ambiente de autorias para elaboração de histórias OCC-RDD.
Serious Games to Computer Networks Learning With CyberCIEGE: A Case Study in Brazilian Higher Education
Authors: Krassmann Aliane , Falcane Andressa , Da Silva Luiz , Medina Roseclea
Published: June 2020

Serious games are becoming emerging tools of educational support in the digital age. In this sense, the objective of this study is to evaluate the game about Computer Networks Security CyberCIEGE, in a higher education environment, to identify strengths and weaknesses in its use as a pedagogical tool. It was applied evaluations of the different game aspects. The research showed positive results that can assist in developing strategies for future serious games’ use in the educational field.
An Empirical Study about the Vision of a Tutoring Team on the Distance Learning Process
Authors: Siebra Clauirton , Alencar Denise , Guimarães Ana Paula , Silva Jefferson
Published: June 2020

Tutors are a fundamental element of the Distance Learning (DL) process. In fact, they complement the role of lecturers, giving a closer assistance to DL students. Considering the importance of tutors, this work investigates the DL process from their perspective. To that end, an empirical analysis was carried out via questionnaires and interviews, which were applied to 28 distance and 17 local tutors of a DL computing degree course. The collected information was analyzed and classified as a way to stress the main features, problems and solutions that have been applied along the past semesters. A list of suggestions to improve the educational environment/tool and pedagogic method was also elaborated as a result from this research.
O ensino de conceitos computacionais para alunos do ensino médio: relato de experiência de uma gincana e das estratégias utilizadas pelos alunos na resolução das atividades desplugadas
Authors: Barbosa Alisson , Pereira Neto Augusto , De Oliveira Rháleff , Da Costa Tayná , De Araújo Ana Liz , Costa Flávia
Published: June 2020

O ensino de conceitos da ciência da computação na educação básica tem despertado discussões sobre os métodos de aplicação. A computação desplugada é um método que busca explorar conceitos da computação sem o uso de computadores. São muitos os relatos de experiências positivas sobre a aplicação desse método, entretanto, são poucos os estudos sobre sua avaliação que buscam identificar as estratégias de resolução que os alunos utilizam para resolver as atividades propostas. Este trabalho apresenta um relato de experiência de planejamento, execução e identificação das estratégias desenvolvidas pelos alunos para resolver questões propostas da computação desplugada.
Nova grade curricular do BCC-IME-USP
Authors: Batista Daniel , Olguin Giuliano , De Souza Jackson , De Pina José , Campos Pedro , Gnann William
Published: June 2020

A última reformulação na grade curricular do Bacharelado em Ciência da Computação (BCC) do IME-USP deu-se em 1998. Há quatro anos um grupo de alunos, ex-alunos e professores do BCC iniciou um estudo com o objetivo de propor atualizações para a grade curricular do curso. Entre as principais mudanc¸as propostas por este grupo estão a criação de trilhas e o aumento do número de disciplinas optativas eletivas, permitindo, inclusive, que os alunos cursem mais disciplinas de outras áreas e mesmo de outras universidades. Atualmente o Departamento de Ciência da Computação está implementando essas propostas. Neste texto apresentamos o processo de mudanc¸a da grade, a nova grade curricular, bem como as diferenc¸as entre as grades curriculares antiga, vigente e a proposta.
DEG4Trees: Um Jogo Educacional Digital de Apoio ao Ensino de Estruturas de Dados
Authors: Barbosa Weider , Nunes Isabella , Inocêncio Ana Carolina , De Oliveira Thiago , Perreira Júnior Paulo
Published: June 2020

Este artigo apresenta um jogo educacional digital, denominado DEG4Trees (Digital Educational Game four Trees), de apoio ao ensino de estruturas de Árvores Binárias de Busca e Árvores AVL. DEG4Trees é um jogo no qual o aluno precisa observar as propriedades das estruturas de dados e interagir com as mesmas para atingir seus objetivos. Ao final de cada rodada, DEG4Trees provê um feedback sobre a atuação do jogador, o que pode servir para que tanto o professor quanto o aluno reconheçam os pontos a serem melhorados durante o processo de ensino/aprendizagem. Como resultado de uma avaliação preliminar do jogo, percebeu-se que o mesmo pode ser útil no contexto do ensino de estruturas de dados.