bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation of D-Dimer Levels for the Comparison of Fibrinogen and Fibrin Units Using Different D-Dimer Kits to Diagnose VTE
Authors: Hasegawa Masahiro , Wada Hideo , Yamaguchi Toshio , Wakabayashi Hiroki , Fujimoto Naoki , Matsumoto Takeshi , Hasegawa Kei , Yamada Norikazu , Ito Masaaki , Yamashita Yoshiki , Katayama Naoyuki , Nakatani Kaname , Sudo Akihiro
Published: May 2017

The cutoff values of D-dimer levels for diagnosing or predicting the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were evaluated in preoperative patients and compared to those in non-DVT patients. The levels of 8 different D-dimers were measured using the latex agglutination method or enzyme immunoassay before surgery in 262 orthopedic surgery patients to diagnose subclinical DVT or predict postoperative DVT. There were 15 patients with subclinical DVT and 47 with postoperative DVT, but 200 patients had no DVT at all. All 8 plasma D-dimer values were significantly higher in the patients with subclinical or postoperative DVT than in those without DVT or in healthy volunteers. There were differences in the cutoff values between the assays highly sensitive for low D-dimer levels and wild-range assays of D-dimers. Some D-dimer assays might therefore be more useful than others for diagnosing low levels of D-dimer. Although the measurement of D-dimer levels was useful for diagnosing subclinical DVT and predicting the risk of DVT, the cutoff values for the diagnosis or prediction of DVT varied. The cutoff values for the prediction of postoperative DVT were ≥1.7 µg/mL (D-dimer A-D) and ≥1.0 µg/mL (D-dimer E-H).
The Politics of Refuge: Sanctuary Cities, Crime, and Undocumented Immigration
Authors: O’Brien Benjamin Gonzalez , Collingwood Loren , El-Khatib Stephen Omar
Published: May 2017

This article assesses the claim that sanctuary cities—defined as cities that expressly forbid city officials or police departments from inquiring into an individual’s immigration status—are associated with post hoc increases in crime. We employ a causal inference matching strategy to compare similarly situated cities where key variables are the same across the cities except the sanctuary status of the city. We find no statistically discernible difference in violent crime, rape, or property crime rates across the cities. Our findings provide evidence that sanctuary policies have no effect on crime rates, despite narratives to the contrary. The potential benefits of sanctuary cities, such as better incorporation of the undocumented community and cooperation with police, thus have little cost for the cities in question in terms of crime.
Oral 1-Generation Rat Reproduction Study of Isobornyl Acetate: An Evaluation Through Sexual Maturity in the F1 Generation
Authors: Politano Valerie T. , Lewis Elise M. , Hoberman Alan M. , Diener Robert M. , Api Anne Marie , Patel Atish
Published: May 2017

Reproductive toxicity of isobornyl acetate (IA), a widely used fragrance ingredient, was investigated in a 1-generation reproduction study in which 25 Crl: CD (Sprague-Dawley) rats/sex/group were gavaged with dosages of 0 (corn oil vehicle), 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg/d during premating, mating, gestation, and lactation. After weaning, 25 F1 generation pups/sex/dosage group were randomly selected for evaluation until sexual maturity. The following parameters were evaluated in P generation males and females: viability, clinical signs, body weights, feed consumption, mating and fertility, organ weights, gross and microscopic observations, sperm assessments (motility and concentration), natural delivery and litter observations, and ovarian follicle counts. In F1 generation pups, viability, body weights, sexual maturation, anogenital distance (days 1 and 22 postpartum), nipple eruption (day 12 postpartum), and gross necropsy observations were recorded. Isobornyl acetate did not adversely affect any of the investigated parameters. Based on the results of this investigation, the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for toxicity of IA is considered to be 300 mg/kg/d. Increased incidences of excess salivation occurred in P generation male and female rats at 100 and/or 300 mg/kg/d throughout the dosage period, and low incidences of urine-stained abdominal fur were seen in females at 300 mg/kg/d during the gestation period. These clinical signs were not considered as adverse effects of IA administration. Thus, the NOAEL for reproductive toxicity in the P generation rats and the NOAEL for viability and growth of the F1 generation offspring is considered to be ≥300 mg/kg/d.
Dimethyl fumarate induces changes in B- and T-lymphocyte function independent of the effects on absolute lymphocyte count
Authors: Longbrake Erin E , Cantoni Claudia , Chahin Salim , Cignarella Francesca , Cross Anne H , Piccio Laura
Published: May 2017

Background:

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is used to treat relapsing multiple sclerosis and causes lymphopenia in a subpopulation of treated individuals. Much remains to be learned about how the drug affects B- and T-lymphocytes.

Objectives:

To characterize changes in B- and T-cell phenotype and function induced by DMF and to investigate whether low absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) is associated with unique functional changes.

Methods:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from DMF-treated patients, untreated patients, and healthy controls. A subset of DMF-treated patients was lymphopenic (ALC < 800). Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to evaluate cellular phenotypes. Functional response to non-specific and viral peptide stimulation was assessed.

Results:

DMF reduced circulating memory B-cells regardless of ALC. Follicular T-helper cells (CD4+ CXCR5+) and mucosal invariant T-cells (CD8+ CD161+) were also reduced. DMF reduced T-cell production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to polyclonal (PMA/ionomycin) and viral peptide stimulation, regardless of ALC. No differences in activation-induced cell death or circulating progenitors were observed between lymphopenic and non-lymphopenic DMF-treated patients.

Conclusion:

These data implicate DMF-induced changes in lymphocytes as an important component of the drug’s efficacy and expand our understanding of the functional significance of DMF-induced lymphopenia.
The European Union and the absence of fundamental rights in the Eurozone: A critical perspective
Authors: Pye Robert
Published: May 2017

Despite the development of fundamental rights mechanisms in the European Union, including the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the governance of the Eurozone has led to policies that have undermined basic social rights. The purpose of this article is to explain why it is that the European Union has been able to act in this manner despite the assurances supposedly enshrined in its own rights guarantees. To do this, recent advancements in critical integration theory that posit European integration as the outcome of competing hegemonic projects are drawn upon. The construction of fundamental rights is conceptualised within the context of the institutional framework of the European Union and the current dominant neoliberal project. It is argued that the process of construction of rights has led to a highly restrictive understanding of what the concept of fundamental rights entails in the European Union. This has allowed European Union institutions to rhetorically commit to rights while simultaneously acting to undermine rights in practice.
Digital otoscopy versus microscopy: How correct and confident are ear experts in their diagnoses?
Authors: Moberly Aaron C , Zhang Margaret , Yu Lianbo , Gurcan Metin , Senaras Caglar , Teknos Theodoros N , Elmaraghy Charles A , Taj-Schaal Nazhat , Essig Garth F
Published: May 2017

Introduction

With the growing popularity of telemedicine and tele-diagnostics, clinical validation of new devices is essential. This study sought to investigate whether high-definition digital still images of the eardrum provide sufficient information to make a correct diagnosis, as compared with the gold standard view provided by clinical microscopy.

Methods

Twelve fellowship-trained ear physicians (neurotologists) reviewed the same set of 210 digital otoscope eardrum images. Participants diagnosed each image as normal or, if abnormal, they selected from seven types of ear pathology. Diagnostic percentage correct for each pathology was compared with a gold standard of diagnosis using clinical microscopy with adjunct audiometry and/or tympanometry. Participants also rated their degree of confidence for each diagnosis.

Results

Overall correctness of diagnosis for ear pathologies ranged from 48.6–100%, depending on the type of pathology. Neurotologists were 72% correct in identifying eardrums as normal. Reviewers’ confidence in diagnosis varied substantially among types of pathology, as well as among participants.

Discussion

High-definition digital still images of eardrums provided sufficient information for neurotologists to make correct diagnoses for some pathologies. However, some diagnoses, such as middle ear effusion, were more difficult to diagnose when based only on a still image. Levels of confidence of reviewers did not generally correlate with diagnostic ability.
Dual routes from social identity to collective opposition to criminal organisations: Intracultural appropriation theory and the roles of honour codes and social change beliefs
Authors: Travaglino Giovanni A. , Abrams Dominic , Russo Giuseppina
Published: May 2017

Italian criminal organisations (COs) are a serious global threat. Intracultural appropriation theory (ICAT) holds that such groups exploit cultural codes of masculinity and honour to legitimise and lower resistance to their actions. Such codes are an important feature of Southern Italian group membership. A large survey ( N = 1,173) investigated the role of two previously underexamined facets of honour cultures—personal concerns for reputation, and female honour ideology. In addition, drawing on social identity theory, and testing a dual-route hypothesis, this research investigated the role of beliefs about the necessity of social change in the articulation between identification, honour, and collective action intentions. Consistent with ICAT, and with previous research, male-honour-related values uniquely predicted collective action intentions against criminal organisations. In addition, consistent with the dual-route hypothesis: (a) regional identification positively predicted social change beliefs which in turn explained stronger intentions to oppose COs collectively, and, (b) regional identification was also positively associated with masculine honour which in turn predicted weaker intentions to oppose COs. The evidence supports the idea that social identity can have opposing effects on collective action in the same context, depending on which beliefs are mobilised.
The doors that culture opened: Parallels between social movement studies and social psychology
Authors: Jasper James M.
Published: May 2017

During the last 30 years the study of social movements has changed dramatically, under the recognition of how important cultural meanings are to collective action and outcomes. Social movement studies has rediscovered a number of microlevel cultural mechanisms that have enriched our understanding of protest and social movements, bringing some subjective elements to a field that for a generation had been highly structural. These include the collective identities of political players, the dynamics of gender, the role of emotions, strategic choices, and the influence of leaders. In much of this work, sociologists and political scientists in social movement studies have worked in parallel to social psychologists, and there has been insufficient dialogue between the two traditions.
Culture meets collective action: Exciting synergies and some lessons to learn for the future
Authors: van Zomeren Martijn , Louis Winnifred R.
Published: May 2017

In this introduction to the special issue of Group Processes & Intergroup Relations on “Culture and Collective Action” we emphasize the importance of the special issue topic for the development of the field. Specifically, we highlight the globalization of collective action and the internationalization of the social-psychological study of collective action, both of which point to culture as a missing link for this field. We thus propose that the next step is to move toward a proper cultural psychology of collective action—a social psychology in which culture is an integral part. This special issue provides a first step toward such a broad and integrative psychological understanding of collective action, but comes with promises as well as problems. We discuss both the exciting synergies and some lessons to learn for the future, and conclude that a focus on culture will facilitate the development of the rich and fascinating field of the social psychology of collective action.
Model-updating with experimental frequency response function considering general damping
Authors: Hong Yu , Pu Qianhui , Wang Yang , Chen Liangjun , Gou Hongye , Li Xiaobin
Published: May 2017

In order to obtain a more accurate finite element model of a constructed structure, a new frequency response function–based model-updating approach is proposed. A general viscous damping model is assumed in this approach for better simulating the actual structure. The approach is formulated as an optimization problem which intends to minimize the difference between analytical and experimental frequency response functions. Neither dynamic expansion nor model reduction is needed when not all degrees of freedom are measured. State-of-the-art optimization algorithms are utilized for solving the non-convex optimization problem. The effectiveness of the presented frequency response function model-updating approach is validated through a laboratory experiment on a four-story shear-frame structure. To obtain the experimental frequency response functions, a shake table test was conducted. The proposed frequency response function model-updating approach is shown to successfully update the stiffness, mass, and damping parameters in matching the analytical frequency response functions with the experimental frequency response functions. In addition, the updating results are also verified by comparing time-domain experimental responses with the simulated responses from the updated model.
Passwords for jobs: Compression of identity in reaction to perceived organizational control via social media surveillance
Authors: McEwan Bree , Flood Michelle
Published: May 2017

News stories regarding societal engagement with technology can carry implicit threats regarding technology use. Comments posted in response to such implicit threats can provide a window into concerns regarding the intersections of technology, privacy, surveillance, and workplaces. Using the framework provided by Tracy and Trethewey’s Crystallized Selves, an iterative qualitative analysis was undertaken to examine 4725 responses to a Yahoo! News article reporting an implicit threat of potential employers asking for interviewees’ Facebook passwords. A series of categories emerged identifying perceived collusion between corporations, the government, and Facebook supported by competition in the labor market. Perceptions and understandings of this practice were influenced by how commentators perceived the labor market, meritocracy, and social media users.
Atmospheres of mistrust and suspicion: Theorising on conflict and affective practice in a child protection social work agency
Authors: Leigh Jadwiga
Published: May 2017

Organisational conflict is normally recognised as a disruptive activity which interrupts relational dynamics and productivity. However, this paper will argue that in addition, if conflict is not resolved carefully, it can trigger negative affect which will in turn unsettle and destabilise a whole workforce. Based on the findings from an organisational ethnography, the author examines how conflict emerged in a child protection social work agency by theorizing on the concept of affective practice. In doing so, the author makes the argument that although affect emerges in interaction it can be exacerbated by the unintentional pursuit of problematic strategies. Examining affective practice in such a way enables studies to bring into play the atmospheric factors which impacted on those who were present at that moment so that readers can understand how people were moved, attracted to or pained by certain social interactions. This is important when trying to comprehend how coercive power approaches in social work prevent care objectives from being met. The paper will conclude by suggesting that when practitioners are preoccupied with trying to survive in the workplace they will find it difficult to meet the needs of the children and families they are working with.
White LED spectrum for minimising damage to Chinese traditional heavy colour paintings
Authors: Dang R , Yuan Y , Liu G , Luo C , Liu J
Published: May 2017

Optical radiation can cause permanent damage to the colours of high-responsivity Chinese traditional paintings. The white light emitting diode is flexible, efficient and can create similar colour phenomena with different spectra, making it easy to adjust the spectral irradiance distribution according to specific requirements. It is important to establish quantitative influence rules of white light emitting diode narrowband light for protecting traditional paintings, which optimises the constitution and proportion of the white light emitting diode spectrum according to the lowest damage level. In this study, we utilised typical narrowband spectra as light sources to illuminate Chinese traditional heavy colour paintings, and measured the CIELAB colour data periodically. We then calculated the colour difference based on the data and drew corresponding decay curves for the different pigments used. By analysing the quantitative influence characteristics, we were able to determine the quantitative influence and relative influence coefficient of each narrowband light type. These results provide a reference for the spectral irradiance distribution of the minimum-damage white light emitting diode for different heavy colour painting types based on the inorganic pigment characteristics.
Children with disabilities in disability-inclusive disaster risk reduction: Focussing on school settings
Authors: Ronoh Steve , Gaillard JC , Marlowe Jay
Published: May 2017

Every year, worldwide, disasters affect approximately seven million children with disabilities, highlighting their potential vulnerability. Although there is a growing move internationally to promote the rights of children with disabilities, they still receive little attention from disaster risk reduction (DRR) researchers and policy makers. They are often excluded in DRR initiatives and are portrayed as ‘helpless’ in disaster contexts. This policy brief draws on a multiple case study of three schools supporting children with disabilities in three New Zealand regions. Through the voice of both children and adult participants, the study identifies associated gaps and constraints to disability-inclusive DRR. It makes recommendations that acknowledge diversity and ensure that those marginalized can become stakeholders in the DRR process.
Giant Hepatic Aneurysm Presenting With Hematemesis Successfully Treated With an Endovascular Technique
Authors: Abdallah Feras F. , Serracino-Inglott Ferdinand , Ananthakrishnan Ganapathy
Published: May 2017

Hepatic artery aneurysms are uncommon visceral aneurysms that are usually found incidentally on imaging. We present a case of large common hepatic aneurysm presenting with life-threatening hematemesis due to duodenal erosion, in a 66-year-old man, treated by embolization with Onyx and coils while preserving hepatic perfusion.
Cross-circulation thrombectomy with use of a stent retriever: A case report
Authors: Sultan-Qurraie Ali , Rozansky Gregory , Cox John Andrew , Lazzaro Marc
Published: May 2017

Introduction

The efficacy of the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke has been substantiated by several recent randomized clinical trials. While intra-arterial therapy has significantly evolved in recent years, anatomic cerebrovascular variants and disease burden can present challenges to timely recanalization. We present the first reported case of anterior-to-posterior mechanical clot retrieval with use of a stent retriever.

Case description

A 53-year-old man presented with basilar artery thrombosis. Endovascular mechanical clot retrieval was performed. The typical, antegrade, access to the basilar artery thrombus was precluded by the findings of a hypoplastic left vertebral artery and an occluded proximal right vertebral artery. Given a number of factors including the patient’s worsening symptoms and the high morbidity and mortality associated with basilar stroke, cross-circulation—anterior-to-posterior—intra-arterial therapy was performed. Thrombectomy of the basilar thrombus was achieved via the right internal carotid artery and right posterior communicating artery.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, we report the first case of cross-circulation, anterior-to-posterior thrombectomy, with the use of a stent-retriever device. Cross-circulation stroke treatment may be beneficial in cases of proximal vessel occlusion or anatomical constraints. Larger studies will need to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these approaches.
Operational strategy to monitor coastal erosion in tropical areas
Authors: Jena Basanta Kumar , Sathish Kumar D , Kintada Karunakar
Published: May 2017

Assessment of coastal erosion is of high significance given the fact that the coastal communities are densely populated areas and have an influence on the food cycle directly and indirectly. Continuous monitoring is essential part of the work for any intervention to be carried out owing to the seasonal and inter-annual variability. The article discusses the measurement criteria and stages in an operational plan for a monitoring exercise, preparation and execution. Erosion can be due to a variety of natural and anthropogenic causes in general. The topic draws attention of both researchers and coastal communities equally. This article explains the need for operational strategies for an optimal monitoring of coastal erosion. Demonstration of such methodology was presented with a case study at a micro-tidal sandy beach located in Tamil Nadu. A generic set up for a plan boundary to measure met-ocean parameters over a time and spatial extent covering the beach and near-shore sediment regime, shore face and surf zone hydrodynamics is discussed. For a detailed understanding, numerical models are set up against the measurements to have a feel of the spatial variability. Validation was taken up extensively and the predictions were used to enhance the measurements in spatial and temporal scales, advantages with such setup.
Taking power to sea: Towards a post-structuralist discourse theoretical critique of marine spatial planning
Authors: Tafon Ralph V
Published: May 2017

Responding to calls for a more theoretically driven, post-positivist and radical marine spatial planning research that approaches the policy as a political project, this paper develops a post-structuralist discourse theory approach to critical marine spatial planning. Elaborating radical contingency as an ontological condition of social life, which points to the ineradicability of power and conflict in marine spatial planning social relations, the paper problematizes marine spatial planning as constituting politics, or key practices that attempt to organize human coexistence and thus, conceal this radical contingency. These practices (e.g. ecosystem-based management, participation, planning regulation and the organization of socio-natural spaces), whose outcomes are far from adaptive, consensual or neutral are discussed as sites of ‘politics’ that effectively marginalize particular groups of people and ‘herd’ their participation and ways of knowing toward achieving limited policy outcomes. Drawing on the EU Marine Spatial Planning Directive, the paper further teases out how specific narratives and rhetorical signifiers around ‘integrating’ and ‘balancing’ potentially irreconcilable sustainable development objectives may interpellate particular stakeholders in ways that render them ideologically complicitous in sustaining, rather than challenging, neoliberal logics of managerialism and economic maximization of marine resources. But in tune with the ontological condition of the social as radically contingent, the paper discusses how and why participatory spaces may constitute a potential space of contestation for marginalized voices and thus, reveal the political moment of marine spatial planning. Calls are made for future empirically grounded research that explores how these marine spatial planning practices are lived in both planning and extra-planning settings, and with what implications for marine protection and extant social relations of power in different marine spatial planning contexts.
A commuting spectrum analysis of the jobs–housing balance and self-containment of employment with mobile phone location big data
Authors: Zhou Xingang , Yeh Anthony GO , Li Weifeng , Yue Yang
Published: May 2017

Studies on the jobs–housing balance and self-containment of employment are mainly focused on observed journey-to-work trips using travel survey data. This study examines the relationship between the jobs–housing balance and the self-containment of employment through the use of mobile phone location data in Shenzhen, a megacity in southern China. Individual-level journey-to-work trips are explored based on mobile phone location big data. Self-containment of employment in the suburban districts is higher than that in the central districts. The effect of the jobs–housing balance on self-containment of employment is examined at a 2 km grid level. Jobs–housing balance policies positively affect the self-containment of employment in the suburban districts, but its effect is limited in the central districts. Two extreme commuting spectrum measures are used to analyze self-containment of employment in different journey-to-work scenarios with the same jobs–housing distribution. Workers are disaggregated into secondary and tertiary sector workers according to job types. The self-containment of employment is found to be mainly affected by the local jobs–housing balance for secondary-sector workers and the regional city level job distribution for tertiary-sector workers. The extreme scenarios of commuting behavior using the commuting spectrum method can provide benchmarks that can help to understand the observed self-containment of employment better.
A phase 1b study of isatuximab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Martin Thomas , Baz Rachid , Benson Don M. , Lendvai Nikoletta , Wolf Jeffrey , Munster Pamela , Lesokhin Alexander M. , Wack Claudine , Charpentier Eric , Campana Frank , Vij Ravi
Published: May 2017

Key Points

Isatuximab (anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody) given with lenalidomide/ dexamethasone is active in heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory myeloma Overall, the safety profile of this combination is similar to the characteristic safety profiles of the individual agents.
The effect of pre- and post-operative physical activity on recovery after colorectal cancer surgery (PHYSSURG-C): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Onerup Aron , Angenete Eva , Bock David , Börjesson Mats , Fagevik Olsén Monika , Grybäck Gillheimer Elin , Skullman Stefan , Thörn Sven-Egron , Haglind Eva , Nilsson Hanna
Published: May 2017

Background

Surgery for colorectal cancer is associated with a high risk of post-operative adverse events, re-operations and a prolonged post-operative recovery. Previously, the effect of prehabilitation (pre-operative physical activity) has been studied for different types of surgery, including colorectal surgery. However, the trials on colorectal surgery have been of limited methodological quality and size. The aim of this trial is to compare the effect of a combined pre- and post-operative intervention of moderate aerobic physical activity and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) with standard care on post-operative recovery after surgery for colorectal cancer.

Methods/design

We are conducting a randomised, controlled, parallel-group, open-label, multi-centre trial with physical recovery within 4 weeks after cancer surgery as the primary endpoint. Some 640 patients planned for surgery for colorectal cancer will be enrolled. The intervention consists of pre- and post-operative physical activity with increased daily aerobic activity of moderate intensity as well as IMT. In the control group, patients will be advised to continue their normal daily exercise routine. The primary outcome is patient-reported physical recovery 4 weeks post-operatively. Secondary outcomes are length of sick leave, complication rate and severity, length of hospital stay, re-admittances, re-operations, post-operative mental recovery, quality of life and mortality, as well as changes in insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, perception of pain and a health economic analysis.

Discussion

An increase in moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity is a safe, cheap and feasible intervention that would be possible to implement in standard care for patients with colorectal cancer. If shown to be effective, this lifestyle intervention could be a clinical parallel to pre-operative smoke cessation that has already been implemented with good clinical results.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02299596. Registered on 17 November 2014.
Republican Chaucer: Lucan, Lucrece, and theLegend of Good Women
Authors: Arner Timothy D.
Published: May 2017

The life and work of the Roman poet Lucan functions as an important intertext for Chaucer's Legend of Good Women. It demonstrates that the vita Lucani and the Bellum Civile were widely available in medieval Europe and that Chaucer likely used both sources in both the Prologue to the Legend and the “Legend of Lucrece.” Chaucer uses Lucan as a model for critiquing Richard II and illustrating the problem of tyrannical monarchy. The article demonstrates the presence of republican poetics and thought in fourteenth-century England.
Efectos de los suplementos de proteína y aminoácidos de cadena ramificada en entrenamiento de fuerza: revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Rabassa-Blanco Jordi , Palma-Linares Imma
Published: May 2017

Introducción: Los suplementos de proteína y aminoácidos de cadena ramificada (BCAAs) son consumidos por la población buscando una serie de efectos fisiológicos y metabólicos sobre el rendimiento y recuperación, entre otros. Objetivos: Revisión de las publicaciones más recientes que estudien los efectos del consumo de suplementos de proteína y BCAAs en entrenamiento de fuerza en diferentes parámetros fisiológicos y metabólicos.Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de revisión bibliográfica. Se realizó una búsqueda específica de palabras clave en la base de datos PubMed y estrategia de bola de nieve. Criterios de inclusión: estudios realizados en humanos de ≥ 18 años sin patología, metaanálisis, revisiones sistemáticas y ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados en inglés y español relacionados con el consumo de suplementos de proteína y/o BCAAs en entrenamiento de fuerza y sus efectos sobre el daño muscular, respuesta anabólica en la recuperación muscular, ganancia de masa muscular y fuerza, composición corporal y fatiga.Resultados: 64 estudios identificados mediante la ecuación de búsqueda, 20 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La media aritmética de los sujetos participantes fue igual a (30,59 ± 24,47).Conclusiones: Los suplementos de proteína podrían tener un efecto positivo en el aumento del rendimiento y la masa muscular, pero hacen falta más estudios para esclarecer su posible beneficio sobre la composición corporal, la fatiga, la atenuación y reducción del dolor y daño muscular. La leucina tiene efecto en el aumento de la masa muscular y su función en población de edad avanzada. Los BCAAs podrían actuar sobre la atenuación de la fatiga central y en la mejora del rendimiento.
KAJIAN EKSPERIMENTAL KECEPATAN PEMISAHAN (VELOCITY CREAMING) BIODIESEL/GLISERIN TERHADAP KONSENTRASI TETESAN (DROPLET CONCENTRATION)
Authors: Kiono Berkah Fajar Tamtomo , Mawarni Drajat Indah
Published: May 2017

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kecepatan pemisahan (creaming velocity) antara dua fluida yang berfasa sama namun memiliki perbedaan densitas. Kajian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan mengamati dan mengukur waktu pisah (settling time) pada tabung kaca dengan variasi diameter.Pengukuran waktu pisah dilakukan lima kali untuk setiap diameter tabung. Waktu pisah yang di peroleh digunakan sebagai dasar untuk menghitung diameter tetesan/droplet, konsentrasi tetesan, kecepatan pemisahan/creaming velocity dan Vstokes. Hasil perhitungan yang di peroleh diploting untuk membandingkan nilai konsentrasi tetesan (droplet consentration/Φ) terhadap kecepatan pemisahan (creaming velocity) pada campuran biodiesel/gliserin dan untuk mencari nilai Φc (fraksi volume fase biodiesel yang terdispersi rapat dalam gliserin/konsentrasi tetesan) dan k (konstanta pemisahan). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi nilai konsentrasi tetesan (Φ) maka kecepatan pemisahannya (V cream) akan semakin berkurang dan dari persamaan Hunter bahwa V = Vstokes(1- )k.Φc , maka didapatkan nilai k dan Φc masing – masing adalah (5,1 ; 0,6 ; 1,2) dan (0,461 ; 0,9 ; 0,69) pada percobaan I, II, III dengan diameter tabung (1,3 ; 2,8 ; 3,9) cm.
STUDI LITERATUR PENGARUH PARAMETER PENGELASAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK PADA LAS TITIK (RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING)
Authors: Haikal Haikal , Triyono Triyono
Published: May 2017

Resistance spot welding (RSW) is the most widely used for joining thin sheet metals in automotive industry. Various applications of dissimilar materials and thicknesses were commonly found in many spot welding processes especially in the manufacture of car body. The resistance spot welding of dissimilar materials are generally more challenge than similar materials due to differences in the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the base metals. Differences of materials have an impact on heat input generated at the spot welding. Diameter of the weld nugget size is influenced by several parameters such as electric current, welding time, different types of material, and the thickness of the plate. Nugget diameter will influence on physical and mechanical properties weld such as microstructure, shear strength and hardness. For practical use, various industrial standards have recommended a minimum weld size for a given sheet thickness, mostly in the form of tables. For example the American Welding Society (AWS), Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). They were only suitable to be apllied on the similar metal and thickness joint because in this joint, symetrical nugget will be formed. Meanwhile a type of dissimilar metal that joined by spot welding method will result in the asymetrical nugget. This paper aims to review the results of researchs on the similar and dissimilar resistance spot welded joint to evaluate the use of similar metals weld parameters and standards on the dissimilar metals weld. It was determined that parameters welding such as electric current, welding time, and the standard for similar metals weld can not be applied on the dissimilar metals weld. The asymetrical nugget shape decreased shear strength on the weld nugget. The most important factor that was considered on the dissimilar metals weld to make high quality weld joint was nugget diameter. If the nugget diameter weld increased the strength of welding will increase.
PERANCANGAN MESIN REMAS (SQUEEZE MACHINE) UNTUK TERAPI AUTISME
Authors: Raswan Awan , Suryo Sumar Hadi , Jamari Jamari , Haryanto Ismoyo
Published: May 2017

The last two decades, in the world of autism increased dramatically. In 1990 obtained 4 from 10000 births (1: 2500). In 2000 to 2008 be 1: 88, increased nearly 30 fold. Deep pressure therapy is a method of providing the pressure and the amount of time on the outside of the body most deeply and evenly. Deep pressure generated by stress relieving device, such as squeeze machine. Squeeze machine can give the effect of calmness to the people hypersensitive to sensory stimulation, such as autism. In Indonesia, squeeze machine is still rare because the price is quite expensive. As needed, it should be designed at an affordable price without compromising quality. Phase of the design process, namely: (1) project definition, project planning, and preparation of technical specifications of the product, (2) the design concept of the product, (3) designing embodiment product, and (4) preparation of documents for the manufacture of products. Squeeze machine model design concept originated from the use of the prone position, deep pressure of a V shaped wall. Squeeze machine design usage position supine position, deep pressure of the three arms, namely: (1) hand and body, (2) the hip and thigh, and (3) the lower leg. For ages under 8 - 9 years, deep pressure 30 - 40 psi within 15 - 45 minutes. At the end of the design process gained some documents as the basis for the manufacture of prototypes, namely: (1) layout drawing, (2) arrangement drawing (assembly), (3) detail element drawing, and (4) the bill of materials.
PENGARUH PENGELASAN TIG FILLER ER 4043 DAN POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT ALUMINIUM PADUAN TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO
Authors: Haryadi Gunawan Dwi , Kustomo Himawan Kristian
Published: May 2017

Aluminium paduan di dunia industri pada saat ini terus berkembang pesat karena aluminium memiliki sifat mekanik yang baik, seperti tahan korosi, bobot yang ringan, kekuatan dan kekerasan yang tinggi, serta mampu di daur ulang.Pengelasan merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya kegagalan pada sebagian besar komponen di dunia industri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kekuatan tarik, kekerasan dan struktur mikro dari Aluminium Alloy 6061-O dengan arah pengelasan tungsten inert gas (TIG) longitudinal yang di-post weld heat treatment (PWHT) ataupun yang tidak di PWHT, kemudian menyimpulkan hasil perubahan sifat mekanik dari material uji. Penenlitian ini menggunakan perlakuan panas T6 dengan temperatur solution 520oC dan quenching air dingin, kemudian artificial aging dengan temperatur 175oC dan variasi waktu selama 8 jam, 18 jam, dan 24 jam. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan kekuatan tarik material mengalami peningkatan setelah di-PWHT dengan kekuatan tarik tertinggi yaitu PWHT 24 jam sebesar 389.492 MPa, ini lebih besar dari material PWHT 18 jam yaitu 378.021 MPa dan PWHT 8 Jam yaitu 365.294 MPa. Adanya penurunan regangan pada material yang telah di-PWHT 8 jam, 18 jam, dan 24 jam masing-masing sebesar 5.9%, 2.4%, dan 3.2%. Nilai kekerasan mengalami peningkatan setelah di-PWHT. PWHT selama 8 jam memiliki nilai kekerasan tertinggi pada daerah heat affected zone (HAZ) yaitu sebesar 109.7 Hv. Sedangkan material pengelasan tanpa PWHT dan PWHT 8 jam dan 24 jam masing-masing hanya memiliki nilai kekerasan tertinggi 81.4 Hv, 100.2 Hv, dan 104.7 Hv. Dari hasil pengamatan struktur mikro terlihat adanya perbedaan struktur butir, material tanpa PWHT memiliki ukuran butir yang lebih besar dari material yang di-PWHT. Proses PWHT meningkatkan kekuatan tarik dan nilai kekerasan, tetapi menurunkan sifat elastis dari material. Material PWHT 8 jam memiliki sifat mampu bentuk yang paling baik, sedangkan kekuatan material tertinggi yaitu PWHT selama 24 jam
DESAIN DAN ANALISIS TEGANGAN PADA SISTEM PERPIPAAN LEPAS PANTAI UNTUK SPM 250,000 DWT
Authors: Prahasto Toni , Satrijo Djoeli , Kusuma I Nyoman Chandra
Published: May 2017

Perancangan sistem perpipaan bawah laut ini mengacu pada code ASME B31.4 chapter IX. Sistem perpipaan ini terdiri dari sistem perpipaan onshore dan offshore dan terdiri dari 2 buah pipa dengan jenis pipa twin pipe dengan dimensi yang sama. Jalur pipa ini offshore ini memiliki jalur dari SPM 250,000 DWT menuju tangki storage yang berada di daratan balongan. Jalur pipa ini memiliki tekanan operasi sebesar 1,070 KPa, temperatur operasi sebesar 70oC dan laju aliran fluida sebesar 1.85 m3/s. Jalur perpipaan ini terletak di lepas pantai banyuwangi dengan karakteristik tanah yang didominasi oleh pasir dan diselingi lumpur. Kedua jalur perpipaan tersebut dimodelkan dengan gambar isometri menggunakan software PDMS dan dianalisa tegangannya menggunakan software Caesar II. Hasil analisa tegangan pada Caesar II menjukkan bahwa nilai tegangan tertinggi terdapat pada bagian tee di bagian pipa bawah laut dengan nilai sebesar 369,344.564 KPa dan intensitas tegangan tertingginya 379,615.68 KPa dengan tegangan ijinnya 403,343.3 KPa. Ini terjadi pada pembebanan operation akibat berat, tekanan, temperatur pipa dan gelombang/arus. Rasio perbandingan frekuensi vortex dan frekuensi natural pada sistem perpipaan pada masing-masing jalur memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan sehingga sistem perpipaan ini dapat terhindar dari resonansi. Tekanan kritis (Ppr) untuk kedua jalur tersebut adalah 11,318.521 KPa, sedangkan tekanan eksternalnya (Pe) sebesar 402.210 KPa. Nilai Pe < Ppr, sehingga sistem perpipaan ini terhindar dari fenomena buckling.
The emerging role of oxidative stress in regulating autophagy: applications of cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang W. , Wan X. , Liu Z. , Xiao L. , Huang H. , Liu X.
Published: May 2017

Emerging evidences show that autophagy, as a major cellular adaptive degradation mechanism, is involved in tumorigenesis, cell aging, inflammation and neurodegeneration. It has been reported that multiple stresses including nutrient deprivation, pathogen infection, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and metabolic stress can influence cellular autophagy, leading to distinct cell fate. Although numerous studies have been employed to elucidate the probable issues, the underlying mechanism of the initiation and maturation of autophagy remains unclear. Herein, we discuss the possible cause and effect relationship between oxidative stress and autophagy, as well as the potential molecular mechanisms that oxidative stress may mediate the role of autophagy in cancer therapy, therefore shed some light on new therapeutic strategies of cancer.
Clinical Data Reuse or Secondary Use: Current Status and Potential Future Progress
Authors: Meystre S. M. , Lovis C. , Bürkle T. , Tognola G. , Budrionis A. , Lehmann C. U.
Published: May 2017

Objective: To perform a review of recent research in clinical data reuse or secondary use, and envision future advances in this field.

Methods: The review is based on a large literature search in MEDLINE (through PubMed), conference proceedings, and the ACM Digital Library, focusing only on research published between 2005 and early 2016. Each selected publication was reviewed by the authors, and a structured analysis and summarization of its content was developed.

Results: The initial search produced 359 publications, reduced after a manual examination of abstracts and full publications. The following aspects of clinical data reuse are discussed: motivations and challenges, privacy and ethical concerns, data integration and interoperability, data models and terminologies, unstructured data reuse, structured data mining, clinical practice and research integration, and examples of clinical data reuse (quality measurement and learning healthcare systems).

Conclusion: Reuse of clinical data is a fast-growing field recognized as essential to realize the potentials for high quality healthcare, improved healthcare management, reduced healthcare costs, population health management, and effective clinical research.
Secondary Use and Analysis of Big Data Collected for Patient Care
Authors: Martin-Sanchez F. J. , Aguiar-Pulido V. , Lopez-Campos G. H. , Peek N. , Sacchi L.
Published: May 2017

Objectives: To identify common methodological challenges and review relevant initiatives related to the re-use of patient data collected in routine clinical care, as well as to analyze the economic benefits derived from the secondary use of this data. Through the use of several examples, this article aims to provide a glimpse into the different areas of application, namely clinical research, genomic research, study of environmental factors, and population and health services research. This paper describes some of the informatics methods and Big Data resources developed in this context, such as electronic phenotyping, clinical research networks, biorepositories, screening data banks, and wide association studies. Lastly, some of the potential limitations of these approaches are discussed, focusing on confounding factors and data quality.

Methods: A series of literature searches in main bibliographic databases have been conducted in order to assess the extent to which existing patient data has been repurposed for research. This contribution from the IMIA working group on “Data mining and Big Data analytics” focuses on the literature published during the last two years, covering the timeframe since the working group’s last survey.

Results and Conclusions: Although most of the examples of secondary use of patient data lie in the arena of clinical and health services research, we have started to witness other important applications, particularly in the area of genomic research and the study of health effects of environmental factors. Further research is needed to characterize the economic impact of secondary use across the broad spectrum of translational research.
Added Value from Secondary Use of Person Generated Health Data in Consumer Health Informatics
Authors: Hsueh P.-Y. , Cheung Y.-K. , Dey S. , Kim K. K. , Martin-Sanchez F. J. , Petersen S. K. , Wetter T.
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Various health-related data, subsequently called Person Generated Health Data (PGHD), is being collected by patients or presumably healthy individuals as well as about them as much as they become available as measurable properties in their work, home, and other environments. Despite that such data was originally just collected and used for dedicated predefined purposes, more recently it is regarded as untapped resources that call for secondary use.

Method: Since the secondary use of PGHD is still at its early evolving stage, we have chosen, in this paper, to produce an outline of best practices, as opposed to a systematic review. To this end, we identified key directions of secondary use and invited protagonists of each of these directions to present their takes on the primary and secondary use of PGHD in their sub-fields. We then put secondary use in a wider perspective of overarching themes such as privacy, interpretability, interoperability, utility, and ethics.

Results: We present the primary and secondary use of PGHD in four focus areas: (1) making sense of PGHD in augmented Shared Care Plans for care coordination across multiple conditions; (2) making sense of PGHD from patient-held sensors to inform cancer care; (3) fitting situational use of PGHD to evaluate personal informatics tools in adaptive concurrent trials; (4) making sense of environment risk exposure data in an integrated context with clinical and omics-data for biomedical research.

Discussion: Fast technological progress in all the four focus areas calls for a societal debate and decision-making process on a multitude of challenges: how emerging or foreseeable results transform privacy; how new data modalities can be interpreted in light of clinical data and vice versa; how the sheer mass and partially abstract mathematical properties of the achieved insights can be interpreted to a broad public and can consequently facilitate the development of patient-centered services; and how the remaining risks and uncertainties can be evaluated against new benefits. This paper is an initial summary of the status quo of the challenges and proposals that address these issues. The opportunities and barriers identified can serve as action items individuals can bring to their organizations when facing challenges to add value from the secondary use of patient-generated health data.