bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of change in transporter expression on gadolinium‐ethoxybenzyl‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats
Authors: Tsuda Natsuko , Harada Kenichi , Matsui Osamu
Published: August 2010

Background and Aims: To analyze the difference in signal intensity on gadolinium‐ethoxybenzyl‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA)‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) among various hepatocellular nodules during hepatocarcinogenesis as correlated with the expressions of the transporters of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA.

Methods: We received institutional animal review board approval prior to the commencement of all studies. Forty rats were divided into three groups. The rats in the tumor groups received N‐nitrosomorpholine solution (n = 16), and rats in the cirrhosis group (thioacetamide [TAA] group) received thioacetamide solution (n = 12). As a control, the remaining 12 rats were fed normal water. Each group was divided into two sub‐groups: Group 1 for Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI (0.025 mmol Gd/kg,n = 7) and Group 2 for reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction to compare transporter (oatp1 and mrp2) expressions (n = 5 for control and TAA groups,n = 9 for tumor groups).

Results: Signal enhancement of tumors decreased according to the progress of hepatocarcinogenesis. Although the relative enhancement of each tumor group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference between TAA, hyperplastic nodules (HPN), and HCCwellgroups. The relative enhancement of the HCCmodgroup was significantly lower than the other groups (P < 0.01). The oatp1 expression of HPN tended to be higher than those of HCCwelland HCCmod. The mrp2 expression of TAA was significantly higher than those of HCCwell, HCCmod, HPN and control (P < 0.01). The mrp2 expression of HPN tended to be higher than those of HCCwelland HCCmod.

Conclusion: It was suggested that the signal enhancement on Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI would correlate with the transporter expression in various hepatocellular nodules during hepatocarcinogenesis.
The novel nomogram of Gleason sum upgrade: Possible application for the eligible criteria of low dose rate brachytherapy
Authors: Budäus Lars , Graefen Markus , Salomon Georg , Isbarn Hendrik , Lughezzani Giovanni , Sun Maxine , Chun Felix KH , Schlomm Thorsten , Steuber Thomas , Haese Alexander , Koellermann Jens , Sauter Guido , Fisch Margit , Heinzer Hans , Huland Hartwig , Karakiewicz Pierre I
Published: August 2010

Objective:  To examine the rate of Gleason sum upgrading (GSU) from a sum of 6 to a Gleason sum of ≥7 in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), who fulfilled the recommendations for low dose rate brachytherapy (Gleason sum 6, prostate‐specific antigen ≤10 ng/mL, clinical stage ≤T2a and prostate volume ≤50 mL), and to test the performance of an existing nomogram for prediction of GSU in this specific cohort of patients.

Methods:  The analysis focused on 414 patients, who fulfilled the European Society for Therapeutic Radiation and Oncology and American Brachytherapy Society criteria for low dose rate brachytherapy (LD‐BT) and underwent a 10‐core prostate biopsy followed by RP. The rate of GSU was tabulated and the ability of available clinical and pathological parameters for predicting GSU was tested. Finally, the performance of an existing GSU nomogram was explored.

Results:  The overall rate of GSU was 35.5%. When applied to LD‐BT candidates, the existing nomogram was 65.8% accurate versus 70.8% for the new nomogram. In decision curve analysis tests, the new nomogram fared substantially better than the assumption that no patient is upgraded and better than the existing nomogram.

Conclusions:  GSU represents an important issue in LD‐BT candidates. The new nomogram might improve patient selection for LD‐BT and cancer control outcome by excluding patients with an elevated probability of GSU.
Maternal Mortality in a Rural Based Teaching Hospital
Authors: Santpur Suresh Rao , Savaikar S.V.
Published: August 2010

The studies of Maternal Mortality from time to time is a good yardstick to assess the standard of Maternal care available to the population. The Maternal Mortality rate in developing countries, like ours, does not show a demonstrable decrease at least in rural areas. Most of the papers published are from urban areas with all modern facilities. Therefore a study of Maternal Mortality in a rural based teaching hospital like Wanless Hospital Miraj, India was undertaken. The Maternal deaths for over a period of 5 years were analysed taking the FIGO definition and classification as the basis.

The Maternal Mortality rate during this period was 18 per 1000 total births and 14.8 per 1000 total births when abortion deaths are excluded.

The main causes of death, their preventability or otherwise, are discussed and also the means suggested to reduce it in rural areas.
In Vitro Effects of Steroids upon the Production of Progesterone from Pregnenolone in the Human Corpus Luteum
Authors: Sani Yumiko , Okinaga Shoichi , Arai Kiyoshi
Published: August 2010

Incubation of the 800 x g supernatant fluid of a human corpus luteum with 14C‐pregnenolone produced progesterone. The inhibitory effects of various steroids on the production of progesterone were studied. Progesterone (Ki = 2.8 μM), 17α‐hydroxy‐progesterone (1.6 μM), estrone (0.24 μM) and 17β‐estradiol (0.34 μM) showed mixed type inhibition on the activity of Δ5‐3β‐hydroxy‐steroid dehydrogenase and Δ4‐Δ5 isomerase (Km = 1.5 μM). Androstenedione (Ki = 3.0 μM) and testosterone (2.7 μM) also inhibited the production of progesterone, but 16α‐hydroxy‐progesterone was less effective (Ki = 16 μM). Among the synthetic estrogens tested, ethynylestradiol showed the highest inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity (Ki = 0.02 μM).
Maternal and Perinatal Mortality and Their Background in Japan
Authors: Shinagawa Shinryo , Katagiri Seiichi
Published: August 2010

Obstetrical and perinatal health care observed in a Japanese setting were mainly presented by focusing on the maternal and perinatal mortality.

Since 1868, particularly since 1945, the Japanese people and government have endeavored sincerely to improve obstetrical and perinatal health care, and in 1977 obtained the following results: maternal mortality rate was 2.3 per 10,000 livebirths; perinatal mortality rate was 14.1 per 1,000 livebirths; 99.2 percent of women gave birth in obstetrical facilities; incidence of low birth‐weight male and female neonates was 4.61 percent and 5.40 percent, respectively; mean bodyweight in male and female neonates was 3240 gm and 3150 gm; mean number of children per couple was 1.8; neonates born to mothers from 20 to 35 years old occupied 95.5 percent of neonates; mean life expectancy of female neonates at birth was 77.95 years.

However, on the other hand, many socio‐traditional factors are inhibiting a further improvement in obstetrical and perinatal health care in Japan. Some of them are a mal‐distribution of obstetrical and perinatal resources, and delay in systematization and standardization of medical institutions.

We hope the errors found here in Japan will be avoided by other Asia‐Oceanic countries.
Comparative Study of Nepalese and Japanese Placentas
Authors: Yoshida Keiji , Soma Hiroaki , Kiyokawa Takashi , Mukaida Toshikazu , Tabuchi Yasuki , Isaka Keiichi , Malla Dibya
Published: August 2010

A comparative study of one hundred and five mature placentas from Kathmandu Maternity Hospital in Nepal and 4764 mature placentas as well as 325 premature placentas in Tokyo was undertaken. In general, the infants and the placentas in the Nepalese group weighed significantly less in their mean values than those in the Japanese group. Their weights corresponded to those at 35 – 37 weeks of gestation in the Japanese group. The gross characteristics of the Nepalese placentas were represented by extensive lesions such as extrachorial placenta, marked subchrionic fibrin, chorionic cysts and abnormal insertion of the umbilical cord. On histologic examination, the Nepalese placentas showed a high incidence of inflammation as well as intensive crowding of villi associated with narrowness of the intervillous space. It is suggested that such low weights of the fetus and the placenta in the Nepalese group may result from a reduced functional capacity of the feto‐placental unit affected by specific environmental factors in Nepalese women.
Two Minute Assay of Urinary Estriol in Pregnant Women
Authors: Miyakawa Isao , Koike Hiroyuki , Taniyama Kenichi , Mori Norimasa
Published: August 2010

The rapid assay of urinary E3 using latex agglutination inhibition reaction (LAIR, E3 slide method) was evaluated.

Correlation was good between the E3 values assayed by the E3 slide method and the E3‐16‐glucuronide radioimmunoassay (r = 0.938) but only fair with the high performance liquid chromatography method (r = 0.851).

The E3 slide method using LAIR for semi‐quantitative hormone assay takes only two minutes for each sample.

Speed, simplicity and accuracy of the E3 slide method indicate its high clinical usefulness as a prospective large scale screening test of feto‐placental function.
Morphogenesis of Uterine Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Hosokawa Tsutomu
Published: August 2010

We conducted a study on the morphogenesis of carcinoma in the cervix uteri from various angles, and drew the following conclusions.

Most of the epithelial changes in the cervix commonly called dysplasia and carcinoma in situ should not be defined as authentic cancers.

They are, however, different from mere benign changes and should be considered precancerous changes. It is most probable that carcinoma of the cervix develops in a “biphasic” or “polyphasic” manner, preceded by these changes.

It is not, however, necessarily justified to state that all cervical carcinomas develop through this same carcinogenic process, but it is probable that they develop through a “monophasic” process without passing through the “stage” of dysplasia or carcinoma in situ.

In other words, it can be said that even if such cervical carcinoma may present similar tissue patterns, their carcinogenic process may vary considerably.

Almost all carcinomas of the cervix, except for adenocarcinomas, originate in the squamo‐columnar junction, and they then initially spread into the region of the columnar epithelium.

Histogenetically, even squamous cell carcinomas are very likely to originate in the “reserve cells”, but the possibility of canceration in the regenerating squamous epithelium cannot be totally denied.
The Role of Diuretics in EPH Gestosis
Authors: Nayel Sayed A. , Latif Ibrahim L. Abdul , Kamel Salah M. , Elsorady Samy S. , Al Ali A. Abdel , Sayed Wadid S.
Published: August 2010

Forty five patients with moderate EPH gestosis were studied. Fifteen were treated with Hydrochlorothiazide and Methyl dopa, fifteen received Hydrochlorothiazide and Diazepam, and fifteen were treated with Diazepam. They were monitored clinically and biochemically for ten days. The findings were discussed.
Developmental Changes in Pituitary Function during the Prepubertal Period in Female Rats
Authors: Kawagoe Shinnosuke , Hiroi Masahiko
Published: August 2010

To observe the functional changes occurring in the pituitary gland during the prepubertal period in the female rat, pituitary responsiveness to synthetic Gn‐RH and changes in serum gonadotropins and estradiol were examined between 10–35 days of age. Serum LH, FSH and estradiol were elevated during the early infantile period, and then declined gradually as the animal approached maturity. Significant increases in serum LH levels were observed 15 minutes after intraperitoneal administration of synthetic Gn‐RH (100ng/100g BW) at all ages studied, although a slightly reduced LH release occurred in response to Gn‐RH between days 20–30. The pituitary FSH response to Gn‐RH was highest on day 10, followed by a general downward trend, and increased again on day 35. Gonadotropin responses to Gn‐RH were found to be almost completely suppressed in the rats ovariectomized at 10 postnatal days. However, pretreatment with estradiol benzoate (EB) following ovariectomy produced a significant increase of LH and FSH release in response to Gn‐RH. Progesterone, administered in combination with EB, showed no further influence on the sensitivity of the pituitary to Gn‐RH. These results suggest that ovarian steroids, especially estrogen, may play an important role in the maturing processes of the pituitary function during the prepubertal phase.
Estrogen and Progestogen Receptor Levels in Different Types of Mid‐Secretory Endometrium
Authors: Tamaya Teruhiko , Murakami Toshiki , Ohono Yousuke , Yamada Toshio , Wada Keisuke , Okada Hiroji
Published: August 2010

Human endometrial estrogen and progestogen receptor levels in the mid‐secretory phase were determined in various types of endometrium to contribute to a better understanding of luteal insufficiency. The concentrations of both total estrogen and progestogen receptor sites (both cytosol and nuclear; both occupied and unoccupied) decreased in the out‐of‐phase endometrium (p<0.025) and tended to decrease in the hypoplastic uterine endometrium, compared with those of the in‐phase endometrium. However, serum steroid levels in both groups showed no difference. The findings suggest that being out of phase reflects the indigenously reduced number of endometrial cellular receptors. This hypothesis would seem to aid our understanding of the hypoplastic uterus. Clomiphene treatment during the luteal phase changed the out‐of‐phase endometrium to in‐phase endometrium in some cases (19 out of 36); in these cases, the endometrial steroid receptor levels reached the levels attained in the in‐phase endometrium and the gonadotropin secretion was stimulated to greater than the controls, resulting in increased steroid synthesis.
Identification of Affected Sites in Fetal Gastroduodenal Obstructions by Real‐time Ultrasonic Tomography
Authors: Nabekura Junichi , Shin Takeshi , Koyanagi Takashi , Nakano Hitoo
Published: August 2010

In four fetuses with gastroduodenal obstructions, different types of lesions were diagnosed prenatally by real‐time ultrasonic tomography. Surgery in the early neonatal period confirmed these findings. The sites of obstruction corresponded to the anatomical configuration of the gastroduodenal area.

Diagnostic criteria to identify individual lesions are proposed for use in a clinical setting.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Ebstein's Anomaly
Authors: Hara Kenji , Koyanagi Takashi , Nakano Hitoo
Published: August 2010

In utero real‐time ultrasonic tomography revealed malattachment of the tricuspid valve in two cases at 33 weeks of gestation. Enlargement of the right ventricle and atrium and a decrease in thickness of the right ventricular wall were also observed in one fetus while a small ventricle and enlargement of the right atrium were seen in the second fetus. This is the first documentation of Ebstein's anomaly diagnosed in utero.
Sixteen Years Experience in Treatment and Follow‐up of Patients with Trophoblastic Diseases*
Authors: Mochizuki Matsuto , Ashitaka Yoshihiko , Maruo Takeshi , Masuko Kazuhisa , Harada Akira , Chough Sou‐Yong
Published: August 2010

From 1967 to 1982, 496 women with trophoblastic diseases received treatment and close follow‐up thereafter at Kobe University Hospital. Of the 306 women who had hydatidiform mole evacuated at our hospital, invasive mole was followed by sequelae in 27 (9.1%), persistent trophoblastic disease (PTD) in 24 (8.1%), and choriocarcinoma in 2 (0.68%). Of the 496, 31 had choriocarcinoma with a survival rate of 51.6% as compared to a survival rate of 95.5% in the remaining patients with 115 invasive moles and with 97 PTDs. All 7 patients with non‐metastatic choriocarcinoma were cured, while 14 (58.3%) out of 24 with metastatic choriocarcinoma died. The poor prognosis in choriocarcinoma resulted from metastases to multiple organs. Of the patients with malignant sequelae, 89.7% (218/243) had hydatidiform mole in the antecedent pregnancy, indicating that it is extremely important to follow‐up patients closely after molar evacuation. The hCG excretion pattern is the most specific prognostic indicator. For routine hCG determination it is convenient to set up the following check points: 1,000 IU/1 at the 4th week, 100 IU/1 at the 6th week and 30 IU/1 at the 8th week following molar evacuation. There was no recurrence of invasive mole and PTD after the diagnosis of remission (less than 5–10 mlU/ml in sera for more than 3 weeks) confirmed by hCG‐beta RIA. However, in one case of choriocarcinoma there was recurrence even after the diagnosis of remission determined by hCG‐beta CTP assay (less than 0.5–1.1 IU/day in urine for more than 3 weeks). Initial chemotherapy given to patients with malignant sequelae should be considered “trial chemotherapy” instead of “primary chemotherapy”, the latter term being reserved for successful initial treatment.
Preoperative Diagnosis of Malignant Ovarian Tumors by Measuring Serum Fibrin Degradation Products
Authors: Kaibara Manabu , Marumoto Yuriko , Kobayashi Takuro
Published: August 2010

Serum levels of fibrin degradation products (FDP) were determined using an FDP slide test (a latex agglutination reaction method) in 20 normal control women and 67 preoperative patients with ovarian tumors. In the control women the FDP levels were 2.5 μg/ml or lower. In the 14 patients with ovarian retention cysts including endometrial cysts the FDP levels were normal (2.5 μg/ml or lower). In the 40 patients with benign ovarian neoplasmas, 37 (93%) showed normal FDP levels. On the contrary, in the 12 patients with malignant ovarian tumors, abnormally high levels of FDP were observed in 9 cases (75%). These observations revealed that the preoperative measurements of serum FDP contributed to the preoperative diagnosis of malignant ovarian tumors.
Ethnic Birth Patterns and Fetal Outcome in Auckland and New Zealand in the 1970's and Their Medico‐ social Implications: Part I Birth Patterns, Fetal Infant Outcome
Authors: Hutchison C .P. T.
Published: August 2010

1973, 1976, 1977 and 1978 are the only years that national data is available that measure fetal outcome and birth statistics for Maoris, Pacific Islanders, and others.

Pacific Islanders have the highest stillbirth rate but overall the lowest infant mortality. Maoris have the highest infant mortality and the highest proportion of lower birth weight infants.

In 1976, Maoris formed 8.6% of the New Zealand population but produced 12% of the births. Pacific Islanders formed 2% of the population and produced 5.7% of the births. European birth rates averaged 16.3/1000, Maori birth rates averaged 24.7/1000, while the Pacific Islanders rate was 57.1/1000.

Auckland now contains the largest Polynesian population in the world. It appears that Maori and possibly Pacific Islanders are disadvantaged in terms of employment, education, income, health and legal offending.

It is postulated that ‘cycles of disadvantage’ could be broken by preventive education and health incentives from an early age.
A Critical Evaluation of Subfertility Investigations
Authors: Ho Pak‐Chung , Tang Grace W. K. , Ma Ho‐Kei
Published: August 2010

Ho PC, Tang GWK and Ma HK (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong). A critical evaluation of subfertility investigations.

The investigations done for the infertile couple attending the Subfertility Clinic of the Hong Kong University Gynaecological Unit from 1975 to 1979 were reviewed. The Rubin's tubal insufflation test has been replaced partly by laparoscopy which was found to be the more accurate and informative method of tubal assessment. Basal body temperature charts were not accurate in the diagnosis of luteal phase defect. In 22% of patients, endometrial biopsy specimens were inadequate or could not be obtained because of technical difficulty and failed to give the information required. A seminal count of less than 20 million per ml was found to be indicative of decreased fertility of the male partner. Despite the increase in the number and varieties of investigations, there was little improvement in the overall pregnancy rate.
Cervical Mucus Glucose and Its Relation to Sperm Penetrability in the Periovulatory Phase in Infertile Women
Authors: Tripathi Reva , Sharma Usha , Shah Cherry , Mehrotra M. L.
Published: August 2010

Cervical mucus glucose levels have been estimated during the periovulatory phase. They have been found to be significantly lower in infertile women than in those of known fertility. Sperm penetration was also studied in relation to the cervical mucus glucose concentration and it has been found to be directly proportional to the glucose content.
Ultrastructural Observation of the Placenta in Prolonged Pregnancy
Authors: Ito Haruhide , Tanaka Tadao , Watanabe Hiroshi , Ito Keiko
Published: August 2010

The placenta in prolonged pregnancy was observed under the electron microscope.

Placentae were collected from 12 cases in the 43rd to the 45th gestational week. In these placentae, abnormal findings of the villous stroma, especially the vessels and the trophoblast, were observed, in addition to the changes normally observed with aging.

Most of these changes appear to be caused by uteroplacental ischemia, and a decrease in functional activity of the placenta in prolonged pregnancy is suggested morphologically.
Effect of γ‐Oryzanol on Serum Lipid Peroxide Level and Clinical Symptoms of Patients with Climacteric Disturbances
Authors: Ishihara Minoru
Published: August 2010

The effect of γ‐Oryzanol, ferulic acid esters obtained from rice oil, on climacteric disturbances was studied with special reference to lipid peroxide levels in the sera of patient. 300 mg of γ‐Oryzanol was administered daily to each patient for 4 to 8 weeks. In 85% of 40 cases the effect on the climacteric disturbance was judged by the Kupperman method to be significant. In patients with climacteric disturbances, serum lipid peroxide levels were high, but were reduced significantly after administration of γ‐Oryzanol. By its administration, total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL‐cholesterol were improved in cases with hyperlipidemia (TC<220 mg/dl, TG<140 mg/dl, HDL‐chol.>;45 mg/dl). The atherogenic index was also considerably reduced. No side effects and no particular changes in functional tests were observed.
The Effect of Ginseng on Serum Total Cholesterol, HDL‐Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Punnonen Reijo , Lukola Altti
Published: August 2010

The effect of ginseng therapy on serum lipids was investigated in 15 postmenopausal women. The duration of the treatment was twelve weeks and the daily dose of the radix ginseng was 250 mg twice a day. No significant changes were found during ginseng therapy in the serum cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Perinatal Outcome of Induced Labour
Authors: Arulkumaran S. , Gibb D. M. F. , Heng S. H. , Ratnam S. S.
Published: August 2010

From 1st January 1982 to 31st March 1983, 1057 consecutive cases of induced labour were studied in the University Unit, Kandang Kerbau Hospital, Singapore. The rate of induction was 9.8% and the method was artificial rupture of membranes and oxytocin titration. 559 (52.9%) were primigravidae and 498 (47.1%) were multigravidae. The leading indications were static weight or weight loss at term 356 cases (33.6%), pre‐eclampsia 240 cases (22.7%), and prolonged pregnancy 100 cases (9.5%).

129 (12.3%) had amniotic fluid abnormalities at artificial rupture of membranes. 944 (89.3%) were monitored by cardio‐tocography during labour. 12.1% had suspicious fetal heart rate traces and 8.1% abnormal traces. Fetal blood sampling was used in 3% of monitored cases. There was no incidence of cord prolapse intrauterine infection, or of placental abruption.

There were no intrapartum deaths and three early neonatal deaths, one of which had unsuspected lethal congenital malformations. Fifty neonates (4.7%) were admitted to the special care baby unit (SCBU), thirteen (1.2%) having required intubation. In a control group of spontaneous labours 4.6% of low risk and 8.5% of high risk normally formed neonates over 2500 grams birth weight were admitted to the SCBU. The mean Apgar score in the study group was 8.6 at 1 minute and 9.8 at 5 minutes.

The emergency caesarean section rate in induced labour was 16.5% compared with 6.1% in spontaneous labour. Failed induction of labour was the indication in 42.0% of cases followed by fetal distress in 33.3% of cases.

Whilst the perinatal outcome of induced labour was good, the caesarean section rate was high especially in primigravidae. More objective analysis of the degree of fetal compromise before induction of labour should reduce the induction rate and the caesarean section rate without detriment to perinatal outcome.
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in Oxytocin Augmented Labour
Authors: Hamad Salah A. , El‐Domiaty Bothaina A. , Philips Dalai A. , Nayel Sayed A.
Published: August 2010

The relationship between the intrapartum use of oxytocin and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was investigated. Twenty full‐term infants born after spontaneous vaginal labour and twenty term infants born after an accelerated labour by oxytocin, were included in the study. The results showed that there is a definite dose related association between the intrapartum administration of oxytocin and the subsequent development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The possible factors entailed in the development of this oxytocin related hyperbilirubinemia are discussed.
Spontaneous Rupture of Utero‐Ovarian Vein in the 33rd Week of Pregnanc‐
Authors: Takahashi Toru , Kikuchi Saburo
Published: August 2010

A case of massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage resulting from rupture of the utero‐ovarian vein in the 33rd week of pregnanc‐ is presented.

The survival of both the mother and her infant was attributed to the earl‐ surgical intervention.

The diagnosis of utero‐ovarian vein rupture can be made onl‐ if one keeps in mind the possibilit‐ of its occurrence.
CA125 Production by Gynecologic Tumors in Vitro and its Modulation Induced by Dibutyl Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
Authors: Ishiwata Isamu , Ishiwata Chieko , Nozawa Shiro , Ishikawa Hiroshi
Published: August 2010

CA125, an antigenic determinant in conditioned media (Ham's F‐12 supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum) of gynecologic neoplasms was detected by immunoradiometric assay using a monoclonal antibody (CA125 RIA KIT). Seven out of 9 ovarian malignant tumor cell lines and 6 out of 8 endometrial carcinoma cell lines produced ≥ 8 U/ml of CA125, while CA125 values in the conditioned media of 4 uterine cervical epidermoid carcinoma cell lines, 3 uterine sarcoma cell lines and normal cells were < 8 U/ml. Human ovarian carcinoma cell lines (HUOA, HTOA, HMOA and HYOA) and endometrial carcinoma cell line (HHUA) were cultured in HB101TM serum‐free medium and their proliferation and CA125 producing activity were studied. HMOA and HTOA cells produced large amounts of CA125, while HUOA, HYOA and HHUA produced small amounts of CA125 in the conditioned media. Dibutyl cyclic adenosine monophosphate suppressed their proliferation and increased CA125 levels not only in the very CA125‐productive cultures, but also in the less CA125‐productive cultures.
Early Onset Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Infection in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan S. H. , Lau S. P. , Fok T. F. , Liang S. T.
Published: August 2010

The attack rates of early onset streptococcal sepsis in Chinese neonates was found to be 0.58 cases per 1000 among 19118 live births at Tsan Yuk Maternity Hospital. This low attack rate is probably due to a low GBS genital carriage rate and the absence of serotype II GBS in local pregnant women. Risk factors found to be associated with neonatal diseases are maternal fever, prolonged rupture of membrane, gestational diabetes mellitus. Prematurity and multiple pregnancy, which are recognised risk factors in Caucasian populations, are not found to have an important influence on the development of neonatal sepsis in Chinese. The clinical features of affected neonates in our series do not differ from the classical description. Mortality and morbidity are associated with neonatal meningitis exclusively.
Antenatal Diagnosis of Fetus in Fetu
Authors: Sada Ikuko , Shiratori Hideyo , Nakamura Yukio
Published: August 2010

The ability to make an antenatal diagnosis of fetus in fetu by ultrasonography and fetography is described. The mother had developed hydramnios at 29 weeks of gestation, and ultrasonography showed two huge tumors in the abdomen and gluteal region. A fetography revealed distension at the abdominal and gluteal region, and displacement of the colon anteriad by the retroperitoneal mass. At 34 weeks of gestation, a female infant weighing about 3500 g was delivered by cesarean section. Subsequently, a laparotomy was performed, revealing a huge spheroidal retroperitoneal mass joined to the sacrococcygeal mass. Confirmatory pathological examination showed a thick capsule resembling a scalp and a poorly formed embryonic mass containing vertebral, long bones, and intestine. Four months postoperatively, the autosite was in good health.
Pattern Change of Late Deceleration Throughout Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Kawarabayashi Tatsuhiko , Kishikawa Tadao , Shono Hideaki , Sugimori Hajime
Published: August 2010

A typical late deceleration was observed in a CTG monitoring of a woman in her 23rd week of pregnancy, with preterm labor. The pattern of the deceleration gradually changed to that of early deceleration, and finally disappeared as the pregnancy progressed. Fetal development was normal throughout the pregnancy, and a viable infant was delivered. The significance of late deceleration occurring at mid‐term pregnancy may differ from that occurring in late pregnancy, and may reflect physiological development of the fetus at the time.
Metastatic Gestational Trophoblastic Disease: A Study of Institutional and Non‐Institutional Cases at the National Hospital for Women Philippines
Authors: Panlilio Herminia Baja , Sanchez Fernando S.
Published: August 2010

This study aims to find out the results of our management of metastatic trophoblastic disease as they occurred in our hospital from 1966 to 1975. Only those that originated from hydatidiform mole were selected (49 cases). Those that came from hydatidiform mole and were admitted as such were classified as institutional cases while those that were handled outside the institution were classified as non‐institutional cases. Results showed that in institutional cases, mortality was 40% while in the non‐institutional group, mortality was 65.5% with an average of 55.1% for both groups.

Choriocarcinoma with metastasis gave the highest mortality rate. Analysis of the cases showed that the main cause of mortality was hemorrhage from the uterine or metastatic lesion in the genitals. The most common site of metastasis was the lungs.

The significant factors determining the prognosis were the stage of the disease at initial presentation, and the quality of follow‐ups, aside from the inherent characteristic behaviour of the trophoblast.
Studies on Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by 75 g Glucose Tolerance Test
Authors: Hamada Teiji , Tetsuou Masahiro , Yoshimatsu Kiyotaka , Amagase Noriaki , Ooshima Toshiyuki , Kubo Norio
Published: August 2010

The glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed on 722 pregnant women to evaluate the diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by the 75 g GTT. The upper limits of the normal levels of plasma glucose were defined as 100 mg/dl, 180 mg/dl and 150 mg/dl at fasting and 1 and 2 hours after glucose loads, respectively. The individuals were termed GDM if 2 or more values were greater than the upper limit at each time point. The incidence of GDM based on our criteria was 3.3% of all subjects. The insulinogenic indices were low and hemoglobin Ale levels were high in the women with GDM. The incidence of fetal and neonatal complications born to mothers with GDM was high. The patients diagnosed as GDM in the present study appeared to show certain differences in clinical features compared to pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance.
Mermaid Foetus: A Rare Case
Authors: Saxena K. , Malhotra Jaideep , Malhotra Narendra , Naeem Mohd
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Gross abnormalities of the skeletal system associated with a complete absence of genito‐urinary system are very rare. A case of mermaid foetus is being presented.
Intrauterine Cytomegalovirus Infection Associated with Fetal Ascites and Oligohydramnios
Authors: Kishikawa Tadao , Kawarabayashi Tatsuhiko , Hayasegawa Jun , Sugimori Hajime , Shimokama Tatsuro
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Apparent fetal ascites and oligohydramnios were observed in a 21‐week pregnant woman. Careful ultrasonic examination did not reveal filling of the fetal bladder or kidneys. The pregnancy was terminated upon diagnosis of renal agenesis. Autopsy revealed the presence of kidneys, but typical intranuclear inclusion bodies were histologi‐cally observed in many fetal organs. It is speculated that an intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection caused multiple organ failures, including liver dysfunction and renal failure, resulting in fetal ascites and oligohydramnios, and that early occurrence of these anomalies indicates a severe infection and poor fetal prognosis.
Immunoreactive β‐Endorphin and Pro‐γ‐Melanotropin in the Peripheral Circulation during the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Martyn Paul , Smith Roger , Owens Phillip C. , Lovelock Margaret , Chan Eng‐Cheng
Published: August 2010

Abstract

The ovary contains β‐endorphin but it is not clear whether it secretes this opioid peptide in amounts sufficient to increase β‐endorphin concentrations in the peripheral circulation, and hence effect β‐endorphin‐sensitive mechanisms controlling hypo‐thalamic secretion of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone and pituitary secretion of gonadotrophins. To examine the possible ovarian contribution to the circulating pool of β‐endorphin and related peptides we measured the plasma concentrations of immunoreactive β‐endorphin and the cosynthesized glycopeptide, pro‐γ‐melanotropin, in different phases of a normal menstrual cycle. Ovarian steroids and pituitary gonadotrophins showed the expected cyclical changes. Plasma cortisol, immunoreactive β‐endorphin and immunoreactive pro‐γ‐melanotropin concentrations were not significantly different in different phases of the cycle. There was no discernible relationship between plasma concentrations of either immunoreactive β‐endorphin or pro‐γ‐melanotropin and any of oestradiol, progesterone, luteinising hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone overall or during any phase of the menstrual cycle. The results suggest that the ovary does not contribute significantly to the pool of β‐endorphin and related peptides in circulating blood.
Programmed Induction of Labor for Primiparous Women to Ensure Daytime Delivery
Authors: Kato Koichi , Nagata Ichiro , Furuya Kenichi , Seki Katsuyoshi , Makimura Noriko
Published: August 2010

Abstract

To have deliveries occur during the daytime on weekdays, programmed induction of labor was attempted. Uncomplicated primiparous pregnant women were randomly divided into induced and non‐induced labor groups at the beginning of pregnancy. In the induced group, labor was induced by prostaglandin E2 oral tablet and prostaglandin F2α drip infusion when the prerequisites, (1) 38 weeks or more of pregnancy, (2) 32 cm or more of uterine fundal height, and (3) approximately 9 cm of biparietal diameter of the fetal head on the ultrasonography, were satisfied. Laminaria tents and/or a soft rubber metreurynter were applied to the unripe uterine cervix before induction of labor. In the induced group (n = 588), the rate of daytime delivery (09: 00–17: 00 h) was 80.4% and that of night delivery (00: 00–09: 00 h) was 3.2%. The duration of labor was significantly shorter in the induced group than in the non‐induced group. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the amount of intrapartum hemorrhage, cesarean section rate, infant birth weight, or one‐minute and five‐minute Apgar scores.
Immunohistochemical Study and Quantitative Estimation of β‐Endorphin in Polycystic Ovaries
Authors: El‐Tabbakh Gamal H. , El‐Sayed Omar K. , Hamza Mervat A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract

β‐endorphin was recently found in normal human ovaries. The aim of this study was to detect production of β‐endorphin by polycystic ovaries and to compare its quantity in these ovaries to that in normal ovaries. Sections obtained from polycystic ovaries were stained with a specific anti‐β‐endorphin antibody and the avidin‐biotin detection technique. Immunostainable cells were detected in polycystic ovaries. Extraction of 5 polycystic and 5 normal ovarian tissues was performed and their β‐endorphin content was assayed by a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay method. Polycystic ovaries contained 6.36±2.35 pg β‐endorphin/mg tissue protein while normal ovaries contained 5.35 ± 3.78 pg β‐endorphin/mg tissue protein. These findings indicate that β‐endorphin is produced by polycystic ovaries. The significance of this finding is discussed.
Actinomycosis Affecting the Fallopian Tube and Ovary: Report of 3 Cases, with Special Reference to 2 Cases following IUD Application
Authors: Hsu Chien‐Tien , Roan Cheng‐Hsiung , Rai Shu‐Yuen , Jong Hong‐Lin , Chen Ting‐Yao , Lin Yun‐Nan , Lan Chung‐Chi
Published: August 2010

Since the late 1970's pelvic actinomycosis in association with IUD has been regarded as a not infrequent disease in Europe and the United States. However, in Taiwan over the past 40 years, we have only been able to observe 3 instances of such a disease; one case had a past history of IUD use for 13 months and the other one for 5 years. Another case did not use an IUD. In case 1 Bactrim ‘Roche’ (1 tablet containing Trimethoprim 80 mg+Sulfamethoxazole 400 mg) and Chloramphenicol were used. In case 2 Penicillin and Tetracycline were used, and in case 3 only Penicillin was used. In all 3 cases the patients survived after surgical treatment. The rarity of pelvic actinomycosis in association with IUD in Taiwan in contrast to Europe and the USA might have been due to our unawareness or geographical specificity. Further investigations in order to gain deepest insights into this problem are being undertaken.
Psychogenic Factors in Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Authors: Tsoi Peter T. K. , Chin Robert K. H. , Chang Allan M. Z.
Published: August 2010

Twenty patients admitted to our hospital because of hyperemesis gravidarum were given psychiatric assessment. More than half of the subjects had not planned their pregnancies, and most of them were either ambivalent or rejecting towards their fetuses. All except one had significant psychosocial problems complicating their pregnancies. Psychiatric assessment and counselling is recommended as part of the management of severe vomiting of pregnancy.
Blue Nevus of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Matsumoto Takafumi , Shiraishi Taizo , Yatani Ryuichi , Yoshikawa Kazuya
Published: August 2010

This report describes 2 cases of the blue nevus in the uterine cervix. Both were found incidentally in biopsy specimens that had been taken for an examination of a cervical polyp (case 1) or cervical erosion (case 2). The blue nevus in a cervical polyp has been scarcely reported in previous literature.
Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus Cervical Excretion in Pregnant Women in Hong Kong
Authors: Leung Ares K. L. , Loong Edward P. L. , Chan Raymond C. K. , Murray H.G.S. , Chang Allan M. Z.
Published: August 2010

In 1986 a study was made on the prevalence of cervical colonization by cytomegalovirus (CMV) in normal third trimester pregnant Chinese women in Hong Kong. Seven out of 95 unselected subjects had positive CMV culture, making a prevalence of 7.4%. This is a low prevalence when compared with the prevalence found in other people of Asian origin and similar to the prevalence found in the Caucasians.
Intrauterine Insemination with Washed Capacitated Sperm Cells in the Treatment of Male Factor, Cervical Factor and Unexplained Infertility
Authors: Mansour Ragaa T. , Serour Gamal I. , Aboulghar Mohamed A.
Published: August 2010

One hundred and fourteen couples with long standing infertility due to male factor, cervical factor and unexplained infertility were admitted for therapeutic trials with intrauterine insemination of washed, capacitated husband's sperm cells between May 1986 to October 1987 at The Egyptian IVF‐ET Center, Cairo, Egypt. Three hundred and sixty‐four trials were done (an average of 3.19 trial per patient). Fifty‐eight patients got pregnant (16% pregnancy rate per trial). This simple and noninvasive procedure can be considered as an alternative treatment for infertility due to male factor, cervical factor, and unexplained infertility.
Effect of Amniotic Fluid Volume on Umbilical Cord Length*
Authors: Ogita Sachio , Oka Tomoko , Imanaka Motoharu , Matsuo Shigeki , Kawabata Ryoichi , Takebayashi Tadahiro , Matsumoto Masahiko
Published: August 2010

To study effect of amniotic fluid volume on umbilical cord length, 939 pregnant women at 24–41 weeks of gestation, including 10 twin cases, 51 preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) and 70 premature delivery cases, were examined for their amniotic fluid volume within a week of delivery by the ultrasound procedure and these 949 newborns were also examined for umbilical cord length and incidence of fetal distress.

In the polyhydramnios group (pocket size of more than 8 cm), 8 of 20 infants (40%) had longer cords and 6 infants (30%) had shorter cords, while only one of 49 infants (2%) with oligohydramnios (pocket size of less than 2 cm) had a longer cord and 36 infants (73.5%) had shorter cords than the mean cord length (SD) of the normal group. The 20 twins had significantly shorter cords than those of the normal group (P<0.05) and the polyhydramnios group (P<0.01). The PROM group showed significantly higher incidence of oligohydramnios (P<0.05) and fetal distress (P<0.01), which suggests that intrauterine space availability is important for assuring fetal well‐being.
Routine Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT): A Highly Successful Option for Treatment of Non‐Tubal Infertility
Authors: Tucker Michael J. , Leung Clement K.M. , Leong Milton K.H. , Marriott Vicky M. , Chan Yuen Mun , Wong Colleen J.Y. , Chan Helen H.Y.
Published: August 2010

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is increasingly accepted as a realistic alternative to in vitro fertilization (IVF), or intrauterine insemination (IUI) for treatment of non‐tubal infertility. The lack of information on fertilization capacity of the gametes, the greater cost relative to IUI, and the partly unsubstantiated claims of higher success rates, caused us some concern with the readiness with which GIFT had been accepted as a standard infertility treatment. So we undertook a provisional GIFT programme with these considerations in mind, and we report on the first 91 GIFT cycles performed in our clinic. Sixty of the patients (62 cycles) treated suffered from idiopathic infertility, 12 from minimal endometriosis, 9 from male factor infertility, and 8 from ovulatory dysfunction. An initial clinical pregnancy rate of 41% (38/91) was achieved; pregnancy loss was 23% (9/38), giving a continuing pregnancy rate of 32% (29/91). Given this undeniably encouraging result, and the potential for diagnostic IVF, embryo freezing, and ovum donation with surplus oocytes collected from this GIFT programme, we now have adopted GIFT permanently as a treatment to complement our IVF and IUI programmes.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva: A Case Report
Authors: Chandeying Verapol , Sutthijumroon Sonthit , Tungphaisal Somchai
Published: August 2010

The clinical and pathologic findings of Merkel cell carcinoma of the vulva were reported. The light microscopic findings of sheets of small, uniform cells were consistent with a diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor. The electron microscopic characteristics revealed membrane‐bound secretory granules, confirmed the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma. Regional lymphnode metastases were present at the time of initial surgery and the adjunctive radiotherapy was also given. This case was unusual because Merkel cell carcinoma was usually found on the face, extremities and buttocks.
Augmentation of Labour: Does Oxytocin Titration to Achieve Preset Active Contraction Area Values Produce Better Obstetric Outcome?*
Authors: Arulkumaran S. , Yang M. , Ingemarsson I. , Singh Piara , Ratnam S. S.
Published: August 2010

The value of quantifying active contraction area to guide oxytocin titration in augmentation of labour was investigated by a randomised trial. Sixty‐eight nulliparae with slow progress of labour had oxytocin titrated to achieve preset optimal active contraction area or optimal frequency of contractions in a randomised manner. There was no difference in maternal characteristics of age and height, pre‐augmentation period of observed labour or cervical dilatation at the onset of augmentation between the 2 groups. The maximum dose of oxytocin, post‐augmentation period and the number of operative deliveries were similar. There was no difference in the mean birth weight of neonates, or in the number of neonates who had low Apgar score or acidotic cord arterial blood pH. Our results suggest that there may be no advantage in oxytocin titration to achieve preset optimal active contraction area compared with optimal frequency of uterine contractions in nulliparae with slow progress of labour.
Parovarian Cystadenocarcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Kaur Kulvinder , Gopalan Sarala , Gupta Subhash K. , Dhaliwall Lakhbir K.
Published: August 2010

Although primary ovarian carcinomas are frequent, carcinomas having a primary origin in parovarian cysts are extremely rare. The majority of neoplasms developing in parovarian cysts are benign serous tumours. Only 9 cases of parovarian adenocarcinoma have been reported so far in the world literature. Out of these 6 have been of low grade malignancy. Of the rest 3 cases also, only one was invasive. The case described here appears to be the second case of parovarian adenocarcinoma which was invasive. The origin of this tumour is discussed together with a brief review of literature on adenocarcinomas of parovarian origin.
Intrauterine Insemination as Frontline Treatment for Non‐Tubal Infertility
Authors: Tucker Michael J. , Wong Colleen J. Y. , Chan Y. M. , Leong Milton K. H. , Leung Clement K. M.
Published: August 2010

Eighty‐one clinical pregnancies occurred from 508 cycles of intrauterine insemination (IUI) in 242 patients. Following 20 miscarriages 30 pregnancies have been delivered, and 31 remain ongoing at 16 weeks and beyond. This represents a 12% delivered/ongoing pregnancy outcome per cycle of IUI, in women of average age 30.9 years who with their partners had suffered on average 3.65 years of infertility. All forms of non‐tubal infertility were treated with pregnancies occurring in all primary categories. No pregnancies occurred in 5 women who underwent IUI in 18 natural cycles. All pregnancies arose in the 237 women who received clomiphene citrate, human menopausal gonadotropin, or a combination of both with ovulation triggered by human chorionic gonadotropin. Dependent upon patient age and duration of infertility, we implement IUI as a frontline treatment for all cases of non‐tubal infertility prior to subjecting patients to the more costly and invasive tubal transfer techniques.