bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La olvidada "Escuela Jesuítica" en la Italia prerromántica. De la conciencia criolla al nacionalismo emergente (La Provincia del Nuevo Reino de Granada)
Authors: Fajardo José Del Rey
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo trata de diseñar un mapa conceptual de los aportes de “lo local” al nacionalismo emergente en la Provincia del Nuevo Reino de Granada. Se inicia con un inventario de la producción en el área de la geo-historia en donde emerge la figura del italiano Felipe Salvador Gilij con su Saggio di Storia Americana (Roma, 1780-1784). Escritor más conocido en la literatura científica europea de finales del siglo XVIII, quien además supo convocar los conocimientos de muchos de sus conmisioneros. Se completa su visión con los autores todavía inéditos como Antonio Salillas y Roque Lubián. En la historia de la cartografía se mencionan a Joaquín Subías y a Antonio Julián amén del propio Gilij. Otro ramo importante es el relativo a la Lingüística indígena tal como lo recoge el polígrafo Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro en su Catálogo de las lenguas de las naciones conocidas (Madrid, 1801). Un capítulo aparte merecería el estudio de la obra de los tres hermanos Julián, Antonio, Ignacio y Francisco Javier, por su excelente aporte a los haberes intelectuales de la Universidad Javeriana colonial tanto en el Nuevo Reino como más tarde en el destierro de Italia. En síntesis, se ofrece un modo de adentrarse en futuras investigaciones sobre temas todavía inéditos.
Memoriales de los provinciales a los domicilios de Córdoba (1era. parte)
Authors: Barrabino Martín
Published: July 2020

Los Memoriales son una tipología de documentos emanados por el provincial y dirigidos hacia quien estaba al frente de un domicilio. Estos últimos pueden ser institucionales como los enviados a los Colegios, el Noviciado y el Convictorio, o bien a las estancias e incluso a las reducciones. Eran instrucciones precisas que tendían a la buena administración espiritual y material, y hasta de pequeños detalles que corregían situaciones de una amplia variedad que generalmente no concordaban con las normas del Instituto. No eran precisamente apologéticos, sino muy críticos en cuanto debían mejorar aspectos de regular o mal funcionamiento. Se redactaban luego de las periódicas visitas que realizaban los provinciales y de cuyas observaciones vertían las indicaciones.
Comprendiendo los efectos de las enfermedades del Viejo Mundo en los nativos americanos: la viruela en las Misiones Jesuíticas de Paraguay
Authors: Jackson Robert H.
Published: July 2020

Una consecuencia de contacto sostenido entre los europeos y los nativos americanos después de 1492 fue la introducción de enfermedades del Viejo Mundo, como la viruela y el sarampión que causaron mortalidad catastrófica. Algunos estudiosos sostienen que lo que ellos llaman las epidemias “virgin soil" son las que causaban esa mortalidad catastrófica y la disminución de la población en el pasado durante un siglo o más. Según el modelo, las poblaciones nativas finalmente adquieren inmunidades a las nuevas enfermedades y la mortalidad epidémica se hizo menos grave. Este artículo documenta los efectos de las epidemias de viruela en las poblaciones de guaraníes de las misiones jesuíticas del Paraguay, y muestra que en más de doscientos años continuos, de contacto sostenido, la viruela causó una mortalidad desastrosa en el nivel como se postula para las epidemias "virgin soil" en el siglo XVI. El modelo de disminución de la población desde el siglo XVI, tiene que ser re-evaluado a la luz de estos hallazgos.
Data Augmentation for Deep-Learning-Based Electroencephalography
Authors: Lashgari Elnaz , Liang Dehua , Maoz Uri
Published: July 2020

-BackgroundData augmentation (DA) has recently been demonstrated to achieve considerable performance gains for deep learning (DL)—increased accuracy and stability and reduced overfitting. Some electroencephalography (EEG) tasks suffer from low samples-to-features ratio, severely reducing DL effectiveness. DA with DL thus holds transformative promise for EEG processing, possibly like DL revolutionized computer vision, etc.-New methodWe review trends and approaches to DA for DL in EEG to address: Which DA approaches exist and are common for which EEG tasks? What input features are used? And, what kind of accuracy gain can be expected?-ResultsDA for DL on EEG begun 5 years ago and is steadily used more. We grouped DA techniques (noise addition, generative adversarial networks, sliding windows, sampling, Fourier transform, recombination of segmentation, and others) and EEG tasks (into seizure detection, sleep stages, motor imagery, mental workload, emotion recognition, motor tasks, and visual tasks). DA efficacy across techniques varied considerably. Noise addition and sliding windows provided the highest accuracy boost; mental workload most benefitted from DA. Sliding window, noise addition, and sampling methods most common for seizure detection, mental workload, and sleep stages, respectively. -Comparing with existing methodsPercent of decoding accuracy explained by DA beyond unaugmented accuracy varied between 8% for recombination of segmentation and 36% for noise addition and from 14% for motor imagery to 56% for mental workload—29% on average.-ConclusionsDA increasingly used and considerably improved DL decoding accuracy on EEG. Additional publications—if adhering to our reporting guidelines—will facilitate more detailed analysis.
Bilingualism in autism: Language learning profiles and social experiences
Authors: Digard Bérengère Galadriel , Sorace Antonella , Stanfield Andrew , Fletcher-Watson Sue
Published: July 2020

Please note this paper has now been peer-reviewed and published.The published version can be found at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1362361320937845To cite, please use: Digard, B. G., Sorace, A., Stanfield, A., & Fletcher-Watson, S. (2020). Bilingualism in autism: Language learning profiles and social experiences. Autism. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361320937845Please do not cite this preprint.Bilingualism changes how people relate to others, and lead their lives. This is particularly relevant in autism, where social interaction presents challenges. Understanding the overlap between the social variations of bilingualism and autism could unveil new ways to support autistic people. This research aims to understand the language learning and social experiences of mono-, bi- and multilingual autistic people. A total of 297 autistic adults (mean age = 32.4 years) completed an online questionnaire including general demographic, language history and social life quality self-rating items. The sample included 89 monolingual English speakers, 98 bilinguals, and 110 multilinguals, with a wide range of language profiles. Regression models were used to analyse how bilingualism variables predicted social life quality ratings. In the full sample, age negatively predicted social life quality scores while the number of languages known positively predicted social life quality scores. In the multilingual subset, age negatively predicted social life quality scores, while third language proficiency positively predicted social life quality scores. This is the first study describing the language history and social experiences of a substantial sample of bilingual and multilingual autistic adults. It provides valuable insight into how autistic people can learn and use a new language, and how their bilingualism experiences shape their social life.
Pavlovian Occasion Setting in Human Fear and Appetitive Conditioning: Effects of Trait Anxiety and Trait Depression
Authors: Zbozinek Tomislav Damir , Wise Toby , Perez Omar David , Qi Song , Fanselow Michael , mobbs dean
Published: July 2020

Contexts and discrete stimuli often influence the association between a stimulus and outcome. This phenomenon, called occasion setting, is central to modulation-based Pavlovian learning. We conducted two experiments with humans in fear and appetitive conditioning paradigms, training stimuli in differential conditioning, feature-positive discriminations, and feature-negative discriminations. We also investigated the effects of trait anxiety and trait depression on these forms of learning. Results from both experiments showed that participants were able to successfully learn which stimuli predicted the electric shock and monetary reward outcomes. Additionally, as hypothesized, the stimuli trained as occasion setters had little-to-no effect on simple reinforced or non-reinforced stimuli, suggesting the former were indeed occasion setters. Lastly, in fear conditioning, trait anxiety was associated with increases in fear of occasion setter/conditional stimulus compounds; in appetitive conditioning, trait depression was associated with lower expectations of monetary reward for the trained negative occasion setting compound and transfer of the negative occasion setter to the simple reinforced stimulus. These results suggest that clinically anxious individuals may have enhanced fear of occasion setting compounds, and clinically depressed individuals may expect less reward with compounds involving the negative occasion setter.
Sleep quality, timing, and psychological difficulties in Italian school-age children and their mothers during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Cellini Nicola , Di Giorgio Elisa , Mioni Giovanna , Di Riso Daniela
Published: July 2020

Background. By March 10th, 2020, the Italian Government has ordered a national lockdown to limit viral transmission of COVID-19 infection, which establishes home confinement, movement restriction, home (smart) working, and temporary closure of non-essential businesses and schools of every order and degree. The current study investigated how these restrictive measures impacted sleep quality, timing, and psychological difficulties in school-age children and their mothers during the lockdown.Methods. Using an online survey, 299 mothers reported their sleep habits (timing, quality, quantity), time experience, and psychological difficulties (emotional and behavioral) and of those of their children (6-10 yrs old) during the home confinement and, retrospectively, before the lockdown. Results. During the lockdown, children showed a marked delay in sleep timing, i.e., later bedtime and wake time, and a mild worsening in sleep quality. They were less prone to respect the daily routines and to keep track of the passage of time. We also observe increased emotional, conduct, and hyperactive symptoms, and the increase in these psychological difficulties was predicted by the change in sleep quality, boredom, and mothers’ psychological difficulties. Also, mothers showed a delayed sleep timing and worsening of sleep quality during the lockdown, which degree varied depending on their working conditions. Mothers who kept working regularly outside their home during the lockdown reported a more regular sleep pattern, whereas mothers who stopped working showed more emotional symptoms and relevant changes in their time perception. Conclusions. Overall, given the evidence of the adverse behavioral and psychological impact of home confinement and social restrictions, effective measures are needed to be in place to mitigate their long-term effects on children and their mothers, especially those in the smart working condition.
Measuring prosodic predictability in children’s home language environments
Authors: MacDonald Kyle Earl , Räsänen Okko , Casillas Marisa , Warlaumont Anne S.
Published: July 2020

Children learn language from the speech in their home environment. Recent work shows that more infant-directed speech (IDS) leads to stronger lexical development. But what makes IDS a particularly useful learning signal? Here, we expand on an attention-based account first proposed by Ra ̈sa ̈nen et al. (2018): that prosodic modifications make IDS less predictable, and thus more interesting. First, we reproduce the critical finding from Ra ̈sa ̈nen et al.: that lab-recorded IDS pitch is less predictable compared to adult-directed speech (ADS). Next, we show that this result generalizes to the home language environment, finding that IDS in daylong recordings is also less predictable than ADS but that this pattern is much less robust than for IDS recorded in the lab. These results link experimental work on attention and prosodic modifications of IDS to real-world language-learning environments, highlighting some challenges of scaling up analyses of IDS to larger datasets that better capture children’s actual input.
A Prospective Drug Utilisation Study and Pharmacoeconomic Analysis in Paediatric Dentistry at a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Binaya , Pradhan Megha
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Paediatric dentistry is the branch of dentistry dealing with children from birth to adolescence. Children tend to suffer from various dental conditions which can be primarily infective in nature and hence requires drugs that can be expensive. Drug utilisation data are needed for developing and monitoring policies because data on drug expenditure are not sufficient.

Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Pedodontics (paediatric dentistry) of a tertiary care teaching institute in Kathmandu, Nepal from July 2019 to December 2019. During the study period a total of 200 prescriptions were collected. Analysis was conducted using MS excel 2016 and further required analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v22.0.

Results: A total of 200 prescriptions were analysed during the study period, of which 126 were males whereas 74 were females. The most common drug prescribed was paracetamol whereas amoxicillin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. Most common condition was periapical abscess but space infection was the most expensive condition.There was no statistically significance between the cost of drugs prescribed for the male and female patients.

Conclusions: The drug prescription pattern was found to be rational. Every institution must have their own Drugs and Therapeutics Committee as has been suggested by WHO, so that patients will be benefited through decreasing economical burden, and adverse drug reactions and that by this, therapeutic effect will be increased.
Estimation of Fluoride concentration in drinking water of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Shah Priyanka , Khanal S
Published: July 2020

Fluoride has a preventive effect on dental caries. However, excessive/insufficient ingestion of fluoride can lead to the development of dental fluorosis/increased risk for dental caries respectively. The objective of this study was to estimate fluoride concentration in drinking water of Kathmandu valley. It was a community based cross-sectional study in which drinking water samples were collected from municipal water supply and bottled water. Municipal water supply was collected according to eight water schemes in Kathmandu valley and as for bottled water, 35 samples were randomly collected according to different brand names available in the commercial market. The samples were analyzed for fluoride content by SPADNS colorimetric method as per standard procedure set by American Public Health Association (APHA 2012).The results revealed that the fluoride content in drinking water samples was below the permissible limit (<0.5 ppm) as per Nepal’s drinking water quality standards and WHO guidelines. Hence, implementation of water fluoridation program can be initiated for municipal water supply and bottled water for prevention of dental caries to optimize the oral health of people.
Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): An Update
Authors: Nayak Niranjan , Rai SK
Published: July 2020

At present, a novel Corona Virus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome corona virus (SARS-Cov-2) has caused pandemic infection. This virus has been thought to be of zoonotic origin specially originating from bats. This Virus originated from wet market in Wuhan, China in December 2019. A small cluster of Pneumonia cases that occured in Wuhan in December 2019 was named COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease) by World Health Organization (WHO). The Covid-19 is still on the rise across the globe. As there is no treatment available for the SARS-Cov-2, it is important to mantain social distance, practice frequent hand-washing and use mask.
Terrorism and Right-Wing Extremism: History and Comparative Definitions
Authors: Antwi-Boasiako Kwame Badu , Hill Caleb Grant
Published: July 2020

Recent narratives on terrorism have focused on the definitions. Terrorism is not a new phenomenon, but the problem resides in its definition and who is defining it. Conceptualizing terrorism depends on which framework one utilizes. The use of different lenses to define the term has contributed to the lack of global acceptance of what constitutes terrorism, hence the difficulty of gathering data for analysis. It is also a conundrum when powerful nations legitimize their terrorist activities against weaker ones. This, unfortunately, has led to the subjectiveness of every attempt in the literature to objectively provide a globally acceptable definition. Using meta-analysis as the methodological approach for the study a number of definitions were scrutinised. This article provides a brief examination of the intersection between right-wing terrorism and ethnic nationalism, and how accelerationism escalates ideology into violence. The paper compares two acts of violence, one traditionally viewed as terrorism and the other labelled solely as a mass shooting. It concludes with a comparative analysis of the definitions provided, utilizing a case study to examine how labels of a terrorist or a freedom fighter impact on one’s view of a group’s motivation. This is pertinent when analysing ideologically motivated violence.
Ispitivanje percepcije i produkcije glazbenog ritma kod osoba s afazijom
Authors: Danjek Paola , Prizl Jakovac Tatjana
Published: July 2020

Za razumijevanje i kreiranje logopedskih tretmana za osobe s neurogenim komunikacijskim, jezičnim i govornim poremećajima, poput onih namijenjenih osobama s afazijom netečnog tipa, potrebno je istraživati vezu između ritma i govora. Cilj opisanog istraživanja, u kojem je sudjelovalo 10 ispitanika s afazijom i 10 prosječnih govornika, bio je otkriti postoje li teškoće percepcije i produkcije glazbenog ritma kod osoba s afazijom, ispitati postoje li razlike između percepcije i produkcije glazbenog ritma kod iste skupine ispitanika te utvrditi postoji li povezanost između postignuća na zadacima auditivnog razumijevanja riječi i rečenica te sposobnosti percepcije i produkcije glazbenog ritma kod obiju skupina ispitanika. Protokol za ispitivanje percepcije i produkcije ritma kod osoba s afazijom, koji sadrži zadatke za percepciju i produkciju glazbenog ritma, kreiran je za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Statističkom analizom podataka utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između sposobnosti percepcije i produkcije glazbenog ritma kod osoba s afazijom. Usto potvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između postignuća skupine osoba s afazijom i kontrolne skupine ispitanika. Ovim istraživanjem nije utvrđena statistički značajna povezanost između postignuća na zadacima auditivnog razumijevanja riječi i rečenica i sposobnosti percepcije i produkcije glazbenog ritma kod obiju skupina ispitanika. Analizom odgovora ispitanika otkrivene su značajke ritamskih obrazaca koje ispitanici najbolje, odnosno najlošije percipiraju i reproduciraju.
Mindful parenting and behavioural problems in preschool children
Authors: Maglica Toni , Reić Ercegovac Ina , Ljubetić Maja
Published: July 2020

The aim of this research was to find out if mindful parenting contributes to internalised and externalised problems in preschool children. A total of 168 mothers, fathers and preschool teachers took part in the research, which assesses the extent of internalised and externalised problems in 76 preschool children. Additionally, both parents completed the Mindfulness in Parenting Questionnaire. Results showed that internalised and externalised problems were significantly correlated, with externalised problems being more prominent in boys. Mothers and fathers differed only in one aspect of mindful parenting, empathic understanding for the child, which was higher in mothers. When analysing differences in mindful parenting of boys/girls, the results showed that fathers of boys have higher parental awareness than fathers of girls, while there were no other significant differences. Mindful parenting did not prove significant in predicting internalised problems of preschool children. In contrast, the results showed that 30% of externalised problems in children can be explained by the child’s gender and by mindful parenting from both parents. These findings point to some differences between mothers and fathers contributing to externalised problems. Specifically, the father’s focusing attention on the child with acceptance and the mother’s self-efficacy were related to lower externalising problems, while the father’s empathic understanding of the child and mother’s non-reactivity were related to more externalising problems in children. The results are discussed in the context of existing knowledge about implicit parenting and child development outcomes.
Odnos izvršnih funkcija i teorije uma u predškolskoj dobi
Authors: Šimleša Sanja
Published: July 2020

Povezanost i međudjelovanje izvršnih funkcija i teorije uma dosad nisu jasno definirani u psihološkim istraživanjima. Izvršne funkcije i teorija uma „igraju“ značajnu ulogu u razvoju pojedinca i to počevši od jednostavnih obrazaca ponašanja dojenčeta pa do razvoja maštovite igre i autonomije djece, sve do planiranja i organizacije karijere i obitelji u ranoj odrasloj dobi. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati odnos odabranih aspekata izvršnih funkcija (inhibicijske kontrole, radnog pamćenja i kognitivne fleksibilnosti) i teorije uma za djecu u dobi četiri i pet godina te utvrditi koji od njih ima najveću prediktivnu vrijednost za postignuće na zadacima teorije uma. Kako bi se utvrdio međuodnos izvršnih funkcija i teorije uma u djece predškolske dobi, na uzorku od 203 djece dobi četiri i pet godina individualno je primijenjen niz zadataka za procjenu izvršnih funkcija (CANTAB baterija testova) i teorije uma (NEPSY-II baterija testova). Rezultati su pokazali da je verbalno radno pamćenje značajan prediktor teorije uma za djecu u dobi od četiri godine, a verbalno radno pamćenje i kognitivna fleksibilnost značajni su prediktori teorije uma u dobi od pet godina. Pritom je verbalno radno pamćenje najsnažniji pojedinačni prediktor teorije uma za obje dobne skupine. Zaključno razvoj u predškolskoj dobi vrlo je dinamičan; kognitivne se funkcije u funkciji kronološke dobi diferenciraju i restrukturiraju, a odnos između varijabli izvršnih funkcija i teorije uma tijekom razvoja se mijenja.
Defining the role of the condylar–C2 sagittal vertical alignment in Chiari malformation type I
Authors: Ravindra Vijay M. , Iyer Rajiv R. , Awad Al-Wala , Bollo Robert J. , Zhu Huirong , Brockmeyer Douglas L.
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE

The authors’ objective was to better understand the anatomical load-bearing relationship between the atlantooccipital joint and the upper cervical spine and its influence on the clinical behavior of patients with Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) and craniocervical pathology.

METHODS

In a single-center prospective study of patients younger than 18 years with CM-I from 2015 through 2017 (mean age 9.91 years), the authors measured the occipital condyle–C2 sagittal vertebral alignment (C–C2SVA; defined as the position of a plumb line from the midpoint of the occiput (C0)–C1 joint relative to the posterior aspect of the C2–3 disc space), the pB–C2 (a line perpendicular to a line from the basion to the posteroinferior aspect of the C2 body on sagittal MRI), and the CXA (clivoaxial angle). Control data from 30 patients without CM-I (mean age 8.97 years) were used for comparison. The primary outcome was the need for anterior odontoid resection and/or occipitocervical fusion with or without odontoid reduction. The secondary outcome was the need for two or more Chiari-related operations.

RESULTS

Of the 60 consecutive patients with CM-I identified, 7 underwent anterior odontoid resection or occipitocervical fusion and 10 underwent ≥ 2 decompressive procedures. The mean C–C2SVA was greater in the overall CM-I group versus controls (3.68 vs 0.13 mm, p < 0.0001), as was the pB–C2 (7.7 vs 6.4 mm, p = 0.0092); the CXA was smaller (136° vs 148°, p < 0.0001). A C–C2SVA ≥ 5 mm was found in 35% of CM-I children and 3.3% of controls (p = 0.0006). The sensitivities and specificities for requiring ventral decompression/occipitocervical fusion were 100% and 74%, respectively, for C–C2SVA ≥ 5 mm; 71% and 94%, respectively, for CXA < 125°; and 71% and 75%, respectively, for pB–C2 ≥ 9 mm. The sensitivities and specificities for the need for ≥ 2 decompressive procedures were 60% and 70%, respectively, for C–C2SVA ≥ 5 mm; 50% and 94%, respectively, for CXA < 125°; and 60% and 76%, respectively, for pB–C2 ≥ 9 mm. The log-rank test demonstrated significant differences between C–C2SVA groups (p = 0.0007) for the primary outcome. A kappa value of 0.73 for C–C2SVA between raters indicated substantial agreement.

CONCLUSIONS

A novel screening measurement for craniocervical bony relationships, the C–C2SVA, is described. A significant difference in C–C2SVA between CM-I patients and controls was found. A C–C2SVA ≥ 5 mm is highly predictive of the need for occipitocervical fusion/ventral decompression in patients with CM-I. Further validation of this screening measurement is needed.
Reviewing the Conditions for Business Tourism in Bulgaria
Authors: Ianeva Mariana , Georgieva Ralitsa
Published: July 2020

This report outlines the trends in the development of business tourism in Bulgaria and analyzes the conditions for doing business tourism in the country. The main results of the study relate to the general theory about the specificity of the business tourism, the analysis of the practical application of tendencies of the different subjects at macro and micro level. In the specific studies and in drawing up the conclusions from them, common scientific methods as observation, analysis, synthesis, analogy and others, are applied.
Hofstede’s Culture Values Survey in Albania: How the cultural scores have shifted over time?
Authors: Gjana Irma
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the changes that Albanian cultural dimensions’ scores have undergone over time. Hofstede’s Value Survey Module 2013 (VSM, 2013) has been applied to examine the six dimensions of culture; power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long term orientation and indulgence. The survey data (N = 387) was collected in the two largest private hospitals in Albania. Globalization, technological developments, economical flourishing and crisis, war and peace, influence the shifting of national cultural dimensions’ scores toward negative or positive values (Hofstede et al. 2010). In this study we aim to show the shifting of Albanian culture value scores in time, and compare the results with the ones predicted by the researchers of the field. The results obtained show a negative shift on Albanian culture dimension score of power distance, individualism, long term orientation and indulgence, and a positive shift on masculinity and uncertainty avoidance values. Implications for researchers of the field are discussed in the paper.
Actoprotective activity of some 5-(thiophen-3-ylmethyl)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols derivatives
Authors: Bihdan O. A.
Published: July 2020

Today, the process of body fatigue has many definitions, but in general it is characterized as a feeling of heaviness arising from the initiation or support of voluntary physical or mental activity associated with working at the level of one’s normal abilities. Fatigue of the body, as a physiological norm, can be divided into physical fatigue and mental fatigue. The solution to the problem of therapy for the process of fatigue should be expressed in the creation of new effective compounds that can affect the mechanisms of fatigue development and can be oriented towards restoration of cell function, as well as increase the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant defense system of the body in a certain way.           

The aim of our work was to investigate the actoprotective activity of new derivatives of 5-(thiophen-3-ylmethyl)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and to establish certain patterns between the chemical structure and pharmacological activity of the studied compounds.        

The studies used new derivatives of 5-(thiophen-3-ylmethyl)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, which were first synthesized in the laboratory of organic synthesis of the Department of Natural Sciences for foreign students and toxicological chemistry of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University. o determine the dosage conditions of the studied compounds, a preliminary study was made of the general toxic effect and acute toxicity of the studied compounds, which was carried out according to the well-known express method of V. B. Prozorovsky, and the degree of toxicity was evaluated by K. K. Sidorov. The experiments were performed on a group of white nonlinear rats weighing 230–245 g. In the study of actoprotective activity was used the method of forced immersion in water with a load of 10% of the weight of the rat.         

The data obtained were processed statistically using the standard Microsoft Office 2007 software package and “STATISTICA @ for Windows 6.0”. The reliability of intergroup differences according to the experimental data was established using Student’s t-test. The level of statistical significance of differences in research results is p < 0.01. Analyzing the results of the experiment, it was found that some compounds that were studied in a number of new derivatives of 5-(thiophen-3-ylmethyl)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol have a pronounced actoprotective effect.           

The actoprotective activity of the new derivatives of 5-(thiophen-3-ylmethyl)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiol was studied. A number of compounds have been identified that are superior in activity to the comparison drug riboxin. In some cases, patterns of the influence of various substituents on the indices of the actoprotective action of the synthesized compounds were established.
浅谈高职院校市场营销现状及策略
Authors: 房 启东
Published: July 2020

知识经济时代背景下，加之市场化机制变革，使得社会竞争愈演愈烈，人才的战略地位和价值日臻突出，其培育工作得到了广泛关注。高职院校作为高等教育服务输出的主体之一，在国家系列政策的导引下，基于庞大的经济市场需求刺激，迎来了前所未有的发展机遇，但同时相互间的竞争亦是不断升级。本文基于对高职院校市场营销背景的分析，在论述了其展开现状的同时，着重就其相应组织策略进行了探究。
A dinâmica do sistema de produção em relação à extração do Patauá e a sua contribuição ambiental para o desenvolvimento da Região Amazônica no Município de Anajás-Pará
Authors: Silva Esther Cristiane Correa de Araújo da , Feitosa Ana Delice Santos
Published: July 2020

A pesquisa tem como foco a dinâmica do sistema de produção em relação a extração do patauá e a sua contribuição ambiental para o desenvolvimento da região amazônica no município de Anajás-Pará, com sua problemática sobre: qual a dinâmica de produção em relação a extração do patauá? A investigação foi de forma qualitativa descritiva com estudo bibliográfico e de campo, com o objetivo geral em analisar os fatores de desenvolvimento da extração do patauá em Anajás no Pará em Brasil, e os específicos de descrever as características do patauá; entender os benefícios e a extração do patauá e identificar a contribuição ambiental para a região de Anajás devido à extração do patauá. A hipótese da pesquisa foi que a dinâmica de produção da extração do patauá serve de contribuição para o sustento das famílias. A metodologia foi contemplada com entrevista para quinze sócios e ao chefe do escritório da Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do Estado do Pará – EMATER, que estão envolvidos de forma direta e indiretamente com o desenvolvimento da associação do Guajará. Os resultados foram à confirmação e além da hipótese, que a produção do patauá contribui de forma significativa com a renda das famílias, e a formalização da associação foi em prol da melhoria da comunidade e consequentemente para a cidade.
Microaffirmations as a tool to support the process of inclusive education
Authors: D'Angelo Ilaria , Demetriou Cynthia , Jones Candace
Published: July 2020

The main question that guides this work concerns the intentional use of microaffirmations in support of the inclusive education process. We will describe how microaffirmations can help to achieve significant goals for inclusive education both inside and outside the classroom (Ainscow 2015; Messiou et al., 2016). Specifically, attention will be focused on how support and recognition communicated through microaffirmations can improve sense of belonging as an essential element of creating safe spaces for learning (Mitchell, 2014). The theoretical overview provided here sets the groundwork for a research study, to be implemented in Italy and the United States, where inclusion and microaffirmation is the binomial investigated.
L'inclusione degli alunni disabili migranti. Progettualità educativa e approcci pedagogici
Authors: Bini Emanuela
Published: July 2020

Nel campo dell'educazione la prospettiva inclusiva diventa più complessa quando la disabilità e la migrazione sono connesse. L'aumento del numero di alunni disabili migranti nella scuola dell'infanzia e nella scuola primaria invita a riflettere sugli strumenti necessari per supportare il lavoro degli insegnanti e degli esperti del sistema socio-sanitario chiamati a collaborare nel lavoro di rete per definire il progetto di vita del soggetto disabile. Considerato il numero esiguo di ricerche sul tema, utili indicazioni emergono dai principali studi italiani che hanno individuato strategie e risorse efficaci per attivare interventi inclusivi per gli alunni migranti con certificazione di disabilità ai sensi della Legge 104/92 e per le loro famiglie. Il presente contributo, incentrato sulla rassegna delle principali ricerche condotte in Italia, è finalizzato a stimolare la riflessione sulla progettualità educativa e sugli orientamenti pedagogici. Secondo l'autrice, la presenza degli alunni disabili migranti rappresenta una sfida educativa intesa come occasione per leggere la complessità del presente e per costruire la scuola inclusiva di oggi e di domani
Le competenze imprenditoriali degli insegnanti: sfide per la formazione
Authors: Vinci Viviana
Published: July 2020

L'imprenditorialità è una competenza chiave nell'ambito del quadro europeo considerata un potente volano della crescita economica, dell'innovazione e dell'emancipazione sociale. Il contributo presenta le risultanze di un'indagine esplorativa, condotta all'interno del Corso di sviluppo professionale DidaSco La progettazione europea nella scuola dell'autonomia (2019/2020). L'indagine, condotta attraverso la somministrazione di un questionario elaborato secondo l'European Entrepreneurship Competence Framework EntreComp (Bacigalupo et al., 2016), mira a comprendere le rappresentazioni degli insegnanti sulle competenze imprenditoriali del docente e sulle variabili che agevolano lo sviluppo dell'imprenditorialità a scuola, oltre che a individuare i bisogni di formazione percepiti dai docenti. I risultati mostrano l'importanza di costruire ecosistemi multidimensionali di apprendimento. Si avverte inoltre la necessità di valorizzare il ruolo del Dirigente scolastico nel supportare l'educazione imprenditoriale come processo di sviluppo dell'intero contesto scolastico.
Violenza istituzionale contro le donne al tempo del Covid-19. Riflessioni pedagogiche
Authors: Leonelli Silvia
Published: July 2020

A partire dal febbraio 2020 il governo italiano ha iniziato a prendere iniziative per arginare la diffusione del virus Covid-19, che tuttavia non hanno tenuto conto del fenomeno della violenza domestica. L'invito a "restare a casa" è sembrato adatto a quasi tutta la cittadinanza, ma si è trasformato in una forma di maltrattamento aggiuntivo per tutte quelle donne che si sono trovate isolate e, in pratica, segregate, assieme al loro persecutore. Altre disposizioni contenute nei decreti, poi, non hanno agevolato la loro ricerca di aiuto. L'articolo si pone come primo obiettivo quello di analizzare un tipo particolare di violenza contro le donne, quella istituzionale, e di mostrare come essa sia scaturita dai vari decreti ministeriali che si sono succeduti durante l'epidemia, quali conseguenze abbia generato e come sia stato gestito questo problema in seguito, quando l'opinione pubblica si è mobilitata. Un secondo obiettivo è quello di inserire tale discorso all'interno degli studi pedagogici che si occupano del più ampio fenomeno degli abusi contro le donne.
PENGEMBANGAN EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS GOOGLE FORM
Authors: Azis Taufiq Nur , Shalihah Nailil Muna
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the development of learning evaluation in Islamic Education Management Study Program at STAI Darunnajah Bogor. With the research and development research method with the ADDIE research model. Based on the results of research and development that the researchers did that students gave 84% response very effective and efficient, 14% effective and efficient, and 4% less effective and efficient. Then 64% strongly agree, 34% agree and 2% quite agree. Thus, the development of Google Form is worthy of being used as an effective and efficient learning evaluation media for students of Islamic education management study programs at STAI Darunnajah Bogor.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengembangan evaluasi pembelajaran pada Prodi Manajemen Pendidikan Islam di STAI Darunnajah Bogor. Dengan metode penelitian pengembangan R&D (research and development) dengan model penelitian ADDIE. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengembangan yang peneliti lakukan bahwa mahasiswa memberikan respon 84% sangat efektif dan efisien, 14% efektif dan efisien, dan 4% kurang efektif dan efisien. Kemudian 64% sangat setuju, 34% setuju dan 2% cukup setuju. Dengan demikian bahwa pengembangan Google Form layak digunakan sebagai media evaluasi pembelajaran yang efektif dan efisien mahasiswa prodi manajemen pendidikan Islam di STAI Darunnajah Bogor.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan terhadap Perilaku Keluarga Penderita TB dalam Upaya Penanggulangan TB Dewasa di Kabupaten ABC Sumatera Barat
Authors: Gusneli Gusneli
Published: July 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that attacks the lungs and other organs caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is one of the biggest contributors to death in the world. Various TB control efforts have been undertaken by the government but have not yet reached maximum results. In efforts to control TB, it takes the role of the family in caring for family members who suffer from TB. This study aims to determine the effect of health education on family behavior in TB prevention efforts in one district in West Sumatra. The sample of this study was the families of adult TB sufferers in Dharmasraya District who met the inclusion criteria of 30 people consisting of intervention and control groups. Data collection using a questionnaire. The results showed that there was an influence of health education on the family behavior of TB patients in efforts to overcome adult TB including pre-test knowledge (p value 0.044) and post test (p value 0.001), pre-test attitude (p value 0.325) and post test (p value 0.001 ), pre test (p value 0.348) and post test (p value 0.001). Health education can change family behavior in TB control efforts. It is hoped that further researchers will develop a family monitoring book for TB sufferers.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Lagged Dividend, Size, dan Leverage pada Kebijakan Dividen
Authors: Izdihar Selaristi , Suhendro Suhendro , Fajri Rosa Nikmatul
Published: July 2020

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of profitability, lagged dividends, size, and leverage on dividend policy. The population in this study are companies in the consumer goods industry sector which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2016-2018. This type of research is quantitative research. Sampling with purposive sampling technique resulted in 19 companies in the consumer goods industry sector in 2016-2018 according to the specified criteria, in order to obtain 57 research data. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis with the SPSS version 23. IMB program. The results of this study concluded that profitability and lagged dividends affect the dividend policy. While size and leverage have no effect on dividend policy.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Dismenore Pada Remaja Putri di MTS Negeri 3 Medan Tahun 2019
Authors: Mouliza Nurul
Published: July 2020

Dysmenorrhea is a complaint that is often experienced in adolescent girls during menstruation precisely in the lower abdomen. The incidence of dysmenorrhea in Indonesia is 76%. The results of an initial survey of 22 young women had 16 young women experiencing dysmenorrhea and 6 other young women not experiencing dysmenorrhea. The purpose of this study was to determine the factor associated with dysmenorrhea in Teenage girls in MTs State 3 Medan in 2019. Methods this research was conducted with an analytic survey research design with a cross-sectional approach. The population is young women in MTS State 3 Medan, taken by simple random sampling technique amounted to 57 people. Data analysis used univariate analysis using frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using chi-square test. Chi-square test results obtained value of P-Value = .045 which means there is a significant relationship between the age of menarche with dysmenorrhea, P-Value = .033 which means there is a significant relationship between menstrual period with dysmenorrhea, P-Value = .009 which it means that there is a significant relationship between family history and dysmenorrhea in MTs State 3 Medan. Based on the results of research can be concluded that there is an age relationship menarche, long menstruation and family history with Dysmenore in young women in MTs Negeri 3 Medan in 2019.
Hubungan Stigma Gangguan Jiwa dengan Perilaku Masyarakat Pada Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Karya Wanita Pekanbaru
Authors: Usraleli Usraleli , Fitriana Dedek , Magdalena Magdalena , Melly Melly , Idayanti Idayanti
Published: July 2020

Stigma is one of the inhibiting factors in healing people with mental disorders. Many people do not behave well in people with mental disorders and the public does not care about people with mental disorders. Community understanding of mental disorders is very minimal, this causes sufferers to get unpleasant attitudes from the community and from their own families. The aim was to find out the relationship between the stigma of mental disorders and community behavior in people with mental disorders (ODGJ) in the work area of KaryaWanita Community Health Center RW 07 Pekanbaru in 2019. The design of this study was descriptive analytic  withaapproach cross sectional with a sample of 68 respondents with criteria that were has been established. The instrument in this study was a questionnaire. The results of this study have a significant relationship between the stigma of mental disorders and community behavior in ODGJ in people's knowledge and attitudes. Knowledge is closely related to stigma towards ODGJ (ρ value = 0.013 and OR = 0.067). The meaning of the community that has a negative stigma of mental disorder has a chance of 0.067 times to have bad knowledge on ODGJ. The attitude is closely related to stigma towards ODGJ (p value = 0.017 and OR = 9.2). That meanspeople who have the stigma of negative mental disorder have a chance 9.2 times to have a bad attitude towards ODGJ. It was concluded that there was a significant relationship between the stigma of mental disorders and community behavior in people with mental disorders in the work area of Karya Wanita RW 07 Pekanbaru in 2019. It was recommended to the puskesmas to improve socialization regarding the attitude and initial handling of mental disorders to the community.
Analisis Program Kemitraan Bidan dan Dukun Bayi di Kota Jambi
Authors: Ruwayda Ruwayda , Izhar M Dody
Published: July 2020

Based on the results of the 2018 Riskesdas, the proportion of birth attendants in women aged 10 - 54 years still has 6.7% of pregnant women giving birth not with health workers. Aur Duri Health Center is one of the Puskesmas from 20 Puskesmas in Jambi City, which in 2018 occurred 1 death of pregnant women who were helped by TBAs in Penyengat Rendah Village, Telanai Pura Sub-District. This incident should not have happened considering the location of the Aur Duri Puskemas area was still in the Jambi City Center and access to health workers, health centers and hospitals was very smooth and easy to reach. There are still 12 traditional birth attendants in the work area of Aur Duri Health Center in 2018. This study aims to analyze the implementation of partnership programs for midwives and traditional birth attendants in the work area of Aur Duri Health Center, Jambi City: input, process and output variables. Data collection techniques used the method of in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and document review.Based on the results of the study it was known that the partnership between midwives and traditional birth attendants had not gone well, while the partnership between midwives and traditional birth attendants in the Aur Duri Community but there was no continuation of implementation of these activities. It is recommended that the Health Office and Aur Duri Puskesmas provide support and guidance and can allocate funds for partnership activities between midwives and traditional birth attendants so that it can be a solution to achieving KIA coverage targets, especially labor assistance by health workers and suppressing death cases. In addition, it is necessary to conduct monitoring and evaluation in the implementation of this partnership so that it can run well
How Effective are Paramedics at Interpreting ECGs in Order to Recognize STEMI? A Systematic Review
Authors: Funder Jordan Lily , Ross Linda , Ryan Steven
Published: July 2020

Introduction

The use of an out-of-hospital 12-lead electrocardiograph (ECG) has long been the salient test used when assessing ischaemic chest pain and is the only clinical tool available to paramedics that allows for early diagnosis and triage of acute coronary syndromes. This ultimately indicates whether urgent percutaneous coronary intervention is indicated. Therefore, the ability to apply and interpret a 12-lead ECG are key skills for paramedics with potentially signifcant effect on patient outcomes. This study's objective was to review and summarise existing literature pertaining to the ability of paramedics to correctly identify STEMI via 12-lead ECGs.

Methods

Ovid Medline, Ovid Emcare and CINAHL Plus were all searched using synonyms of keywords such as paramedic, ECG, diagnosis and STEMI. Two investigators independently screened the titles, abstracts and full texts of the articles against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Any con?icts that arose were discussed between the two investigators to meet consensus.

Results

Of the 2,126 articles initially identified, 9 studies were relevant and examined the ability of paramedics to identify STEMI on out-of-hospital ECGs. Results indicated that increased additional education provided to paramedics, and the implementation of protocols and/or tools demonstrated positive results regarding STEMI recognition.

Conclusions

Seven of the 9 articles had a strong general consensus that paramedics can independently interpret 12-lead ECGs in order to diagnose STEMI, however not all studies were of good quality. While the importance of the pre-hospital ECG in the setting of STEMI is well established, the ability of paramedics to independently interpret them is less so and requires further study.