bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using environmental flows to inform integrated water resource management in critically water scarce regions
Authors: Graham P. Mark , Pattinson Nicholas B. , Stassen Retha , Pike Trevor , Hamidan Nashat A. F.
Published: August 2024

Environmental flows (e‐flows) assessments are a powerful mechanism for enhancing and conserving the ecosystem goods and services rivers provide while allocating water to essential human use. There is a paucity of e‐flows assessments and implementation in water scarce regions such as the Middle East, where limited freshwater resources are under extreme pressure. We conducted a first e‐flows assessment of the Mujib River, a vitally important freshwater resource for biodiversity and people in Jordan. We employed a holistic approach based on the building block method (BBM), using expert knowledge, assessment and integration of the hydrology, hydraulics, fish, macroinvertebrates, vegetation, habitat integrity and benthic diatoms of the Mujib River to perform an e‐flows determination. Several significant threats to its ecology and fresh water supply were identified. The most significant was the absence of flooding and abstraction associated with upstream impoundments, as well as reliance on over‐exploited and severely pressured groundwater‐maintained flows. Overall, this paper presents the first e‐flows assessment for the Mujib River in Jordan, a vital step towards improved water resource monitoring and management in water scarce regions, and serves to highlight the urgent global need for e‐flows to preserve our critical freshwater systems.
Extending Canadian forest disturbance history maps prior to 1985
Authors: Correia David L. P. , Guindon Luc , Parisien Marc‐André
Published: August 2024

An accurate depiction of wildfire, harvesting, and insect outbreak disturbances is essential for sustainable ecosystem management of forests in Canada. Even though the advent of temporally consistent 30‐m resolution Landsat data has enabled the detailed mapping of forest disturbances in Canada from 1985 onward, the disturbance record prior to 1985 remains sparse. This study aimed to extend the existing pre‐1985 disturbance history record by mapping wildfire, harvest, and insect outbreaks in Canadian forests between 1965 and 1984. Our geospatial data processing methodology relied on multilayer perceptrons (MLP) trained on spectral recovery signatures to map and age these disturbances. Our model detected approximately 4.8, 7.3, and 3.8 million ha of burnt, harvested, and insect‐ravaged forest areas, respectively, that were absent from national and provincial disturbance databases and forest inventories. Results were validated using both internal and external validation datasets. Our disturbance detection methodology was highly effective, with an internal validation kappa score of 0.91 and an external score of 0.81. The fire and harvest age disturbance MLPs, whose predictions can also be used as a proxy of forest stand age, performed adequately on the internal (fire R2 = 0.675; root mean squared error [RMSE] = 4.42; harvest R2 = 0.723; RMSE = 3.17) and external validation datasets (fire R2 = 0.242; RMSE = 4.69; harvest R2 = 0.257; RMSE = 5.46), outperforming existing forest age disturbance products. Finally, we relied on several open data products, such as provincial forest inventories, to correct our disturbance type and year prediction whenever these more reliable, but incomplete, data sources were available. Specific years were not assigned to insect outbreaks due to the lack of dependable training and validation data. We also illustrate how extending the existing forest disturbance record by 20 years may provide a more in‐depth understanding of landscape‐disturbance dynamics with a case study of the 2023 Canadian wildfire season.
Seasonal timing of fluorescence and photosynthetic yields at needle and canopy scales in evergreen needleleaf forests
Authors: Pierrat Zoe Amie , Magney Troy , Maguire Andrew , Brissette Logan , Doughty Russell , Bowling David R. , Logan Barry , Parazoo Nicholas , Frankenberg Christian , Stutz Jochen
Published: August 2024

The seasonal timing and magnitude of photosynthesis in evergreen needleleaf forests (ENFs) has major implications for the carbon cycle and is increasingly sensitive to changing climate. Earlier spring photosynthesis can increase carbon uptake over the growing season or cause early water reserve depletion that leads to premature cessation and increased carbon loss. Determining the start and the end of the growing season in ENFs is challenging due to a lack of field measurements and difficulty in interpreting satellite data, which are impacted by snow and cloud cover, and the pervasive “greenness” of these systems. We combine continuous needle‐scale chlorophyll fluorescence measurements with tower‐based remote sensing and gross primary productivity (GPP) estimates at three ENF sites across a latitudinal gradient (Colorado, Saskatchewan, Alaska) to link physiological changes with remote sensing signals during transition seasons. We derive a theoretical framework for observations of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and solar intensity‐normalized SIF (SIFrelative) under snow‐covered conditions, and show decreased sensitivity compared with reflectance data (~20% reduction in measured SIF vs. ~60% reduction in near‐infrared vegetation index [NIRv] under 50% snow cover). Needle‐scale fluorescence and photochemistry strongly correlated (r2 = 0.74 in Colorado, 0.70 in Alaska) and showed good agreement on the timing and magnitude of seasonal transitions. We demonstrate that this can be scaled to the site level with tower‐based estimates of LUEP and SIFrelative which were well correlated across all sites (r2 = 0.70 in Colorado, 0.53 in Saskatchewan, 0.49 in Alaska). These independent, temporally continuous datasets confirm an increase in physiological activity prior to snowmelt across all three evergreen forests. This suggests that data‐driven and process‐based carbon cycle models which assume negligible physiological activity prior to snowmelt are inherently flawed, and underscores the utility of SIF data for tracking phenological events. Our research probes the spectral biology of evergreen forests and highlights spectral methods that can be applied in other ecosystems.
Pro‐adrenomedullin associates with congestion in acute heart failure patients
Authors: Beer Benedikt N. , Keshtkaran Saman , Kellner Caroline , Besch Lisa , Sundermeyer Jonas , Dettling Angela , Kirchhof Paulus , Blankenberg Stefan , Magnussen Christina , Schrage Benedikt
Published: August 2024

Aim

Congestion is a major determinant of outcomes in acute heart failure. Its assessment is complex, making sufficient decongestive therapy a challenge. Residual congestion is frequent at discharge, increasing the risk of re‐hospitalization and death. Mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin mirrors vascular integrity and may therefore be an objective marker to quantify congestion and to guide decongestive therapies in patients with acute heart failure.

Methods and results

Observational, prospective, single‐centre study in unselected patients presenting with acute heart failure. This study aimed to assess adrenomedullin's association with congestion and clinical outcomes: in‐hospital death, post‐discharge mortality and in‐hospital worsening heart failure according to RELAX‐AHF‐2 trial criteria. Pro‐adrenomedullin was quantified at baseline and at discharge. Congestion was assessed applying clinical scores. Cox and logistic regression models with adjustment for clinical features were fitted. N = 233, median age 77 years (IQR 67, 83), 148 male (63.5%). Median pro‐adrenomedullin 2.0 nmol/L (IQR 1.4, 2.9). Eight patients (3.5%) died in hospital and 100 (44.1%) experienced in‐hospital worsening heart failure. After discharge, 60 patients (36.6%) died over a median follow‐up of 1.92 years (95% CI: 1.76, 2.46). Pro‐adrenomedullin concentrations (logarithmized) were significantly associated with congestion, both at enrolment (β = 0.36 and 0.81 depending on score, each P < 0.05) and at discharge (β = 1.12, P < 0.001). Enrolment of pro‐adrenomedullin was associated with in‐hospital worsening heart failure [OR 4.23 (95% CI: 1.87, 9.58), P < 0.001], and pro‐adrenomedullin at discharge was associated with post‐discharge death [HR 3.93 (1.86, 8.67), P < 0.001].

Conclusion

Elevated pro‐adrenomedullin is associated with in‐hospital worsening heart failure and with death during follow‐up in patients with acute heart failure. Further research is needed to validate this finding and to explore the ability of pro‐adrenomedullin to guide decongestive treatment.
Thermally Stable Heteroleptic Trans‐Bis(Chelate) Ruthenium(II) Complex Bearing 2,2’‐Bipyridine and Acetylacetonato: Synthesis, Isomerization, and Crystal Structure
Authors: Toyama Mari , Fujimoto Daichi , Kawakami Yusuke , Tanaka Shiho
Published: August 2024

Thermally stable trans‐bis(chelate)‐type Ru(II) complexes are challenging to prepare owing to steric hindrance between the two chelate ligands. Herein, we investigated the isomerization of a heteroleptic cis‐bis(chelate) complex to obtain its trans form. cis‐[Ru(acac)(bpy)(dmso‐S)2](OTf)⋅0.5H2O (1⋅(OTf)⋅0.5H2O; acac−=acetylacetonato; bpy=2,2’‐bipyridine; dmso=dimethyl sulfoxide; OTf−=CF3SO3−) was prepared by reacting trans(O,S)‐[Ru(bpy)(dmso‐S)2(dmso‐O)2](OTf)2 (P0) with Li(acac) in acetone at 298 K. In 1⋅(OTf)⋅0.5H2O, the two labile dmso‐O ligands of P0 were replaced by an acac− ligand. The dihedral angle between the chelate rings of bpy and acac− in 1+ was 76.7°, suggesting steric hindrance between ligands owing to the two bulky dmso‐S ligands at the cis position. 1⋅(OTf)⋅0.5H2O was thermally stable in DMSO and acetone; however, in methanol and water, a dmso‐S ligand was dissociated from 1+, and the complex isomerized to trans‐[Ru(acac)(bpy)(dmso‐S)(solvent)]+. Refluxing of 1⋅(OTf)⋅0.5H2O in methanol for 18 h, evaporation to dryness under vacuum, and treatment with water yielded trans‐[Ru(acac)(bpy)(dmso‐S)(OH2)](OTf) (2⋅(OTf)) with excellent purity. 2⋅(OTf) was characterized by X‐ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. As expected, steric hindrance was not observed between the trans‐arranged bpy and acac−, and the two chelates laid flat on the equatorial plane in 2+.
Synthesis and EPR Studies of Zinc and Copper Tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amines (TPMA) Metal Complexes Containing TEMPO Functionalities
Authors: Badetti Elena , Lloveras Vega , Raulin Melvin , Scaramuzzo Francesca A. , Veciana Jaume , Vidal‐Gancedo José , Licini Giulia , Zonta Cristiano
Published: August 2024

A new family of stable radical‐containing polytopic ligands based on tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amines TPMA architecture and their corresponding metal complexes have been synthesized. These molecular systems offered the possibility to investigate how various spin carriers, such as the metal ion and the organic radical, influence their EPR properties mainly through the empirical ratio of peak heights d1/d. Moreover, it has been possible to analyze how different conformations of TEMPO radical units in the molecular skeleton affect the metallic system.
Seizure emergency code strategy: Improving treatment times and hospital outcomes for patients with urgent epileptic seizures
Authors: Espinosa‐Jovel Camilo , Riveros Sandra , Valencia‐Enciso Natalia , Velásquez Alberto , Vergara‐Palma Juan , Sobrino‐Mejía Fidel
Published: August 2024

Objective

Timely treatment is one of the most relevant prognostic factors in patients with urgent epileptic seizures. Despite the available evidence, treatment times remain suboptimal. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the impact of the “seizure code” in an emergency department, focusing on both treatment times and hospital outcomes of patients with urgent epileptic seizures.

Methods

An ambispective cohort study was conducted in the emergency department of a public hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Treatment times and hospital outcomes were evaluated both before and after the implementation of the seizure code.

Results

A total of 336 patients were included (94 in the pre‐seizure code period and 242 in the post‐seizure code period). Both cohorts were comparable in terms of clinical and demographic baseline characteristics. After the implementation of the seizure code, in‐hospital treatment times improved among patients with status epilepticus and seizure cluster. For the group of patients with status epilepticus, the time from arrival to the first benzodiazepine decreased from a median of 100.5 min (IQR: 43–152.5) to a median of 20 min (IQR: 10–45) (p = .0063), and the time from arrival to the first non‐benzodiazepine antiseizure medication decreased from a median of 155 min (IQR: 49–194) to a median of 39 min (IQR: 25–57) (p = .0071). For the group of patients with seizure cluster, the time from arrival to the first non‐benzodiazepine antiseizure medication decreased from a median of 296 min (IQR: 112.5–409) to a median of 72 min (IQR: 46–111) (p < .001). The seizure code significantly decreased the risk of inappropriate benzodiazepine use (p = .0087), in‐hospital seizure recurrence (p < .001), in‐hospital mortality (p = .0074), and prolonged hospitalizations (more than 48 h) (p = .0475).

Significance

The seizure code shortens the time to treatment, reduces the length of hospital stay, decreases the risk of inappropriate benzodiazepine use, and lowers both the in‐hospital seizure recurrence and in‐hospital mortality among patients with urgent epileptic seizures.
A hybrid intrusion detection approach based on message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol in industrial internet of things
Authors: Francis Georg Thamer , Souri Alireza , İnanç Nihat
Published: August 2024

The number of attacks against Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices has increased over the past years, particularly on widely used communication protocols like Message Queuing Telemetry Transfer (MQTT). The fast increase in IIoT applications brings both critical challenges and technical gaps in cybersecurity. On the other hand, traditional cyber‐attack detection approaches scrap to address and support the run‐time responsibilities of IIoT environments. This study presents a hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Random Forest (GA_RF) method for detecting cyber‐attacks in Industrial Control Machines (ICS) that use MQTT protocol in the IIoT environment. This architecture integrates ICS with edge devices and cloud servers, using a GA_RF algorithm to detect anomalies in data collected by sensors. Normal data is processed locally and then sent to the cloud for storage and return, ensuring continuous monitoring and security. Also, the MQTT‐IOT‐IDS2020 dataset as a real test case was applied for prediction of the proposed GA_RF method with compare to some other powerful machine and deep learning models. The experimental results show that the proposed GA_RF method has an optimum accuracy of 99.87%–100% for detecting cyber‐attacks. This hybrid algorithm also achieved 0–0.0015 in Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and 100% in Precision, Recall, and F‐score factors. This result led to the proposed architecture, which connects the ICS to a server while running GA_RF on the IIoT environment. In conclusion, this study indicates the effectiveness of GA_RF and aims to improve security by using the MQTT protocol in IIoT.
Diospyros kaki fruit extract produces antiarthritic and antinociceptive effects in rats with complete Freund's adjuvant‐induced arthritis
Authors: Forouzanfar Fatemeh , Mirdoosti Motahareh , Akaberi Maryam , Rezaee Ramin , Esmaeili Seyed‐Alireza , Saburi Ehsan , Mahaki Hanie
Published: August 2024

Current treatments for rheumatoid arthritis produce untoward effects; thus, considerable effort has been made to recognize effective herbal medicines against the condition. In the present study, the therapeutic effect of Diospyros kaki fruit hydroalcoholic extract (DFHE) on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced arthritis in rats was investigated. The extract was characterized using liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry (LC‐ESIMS). Male Wistar rats were grouped as follows (eight rats in each): control, CFA, CFA + indomethacin (5 mg/kg), CFA + DFHE (50 mg/kg), and CFA + DFHE (100 mg/kg). Paw volume, mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and arthritis score were evaluated. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), thiol groups, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were evaluated. Carotenoids were found to be the major components of DFHE. Administration of DFHE (100 mg/kg) significantly decreased arthritis score, paw volume, and thermal hyperalgesia, and improved mechanical allodynia. MDA and TNF‐α levels were decreased while thiol levels and SOD and GPx activities were increased in DFHE‐treated groups compared to the CFA group. These results suggest that D. kaki extract caused an improvement in clinical signs of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms possibly through suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation.
Assessment of gastroesophageal reflux disease signs, symptoms, and food behaviors concerning mental health in Herat, Afghanistan: A descriptive study
Authors: Saeedy Said A. G. , Faiz Ahmad F. , Rahimi Ali , Shayan Nasar A.
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder with modifiable risk factors that are associated with considerable health and economic burdens. The current study was conducted to assess the signs and symptoms, food behaviors, depression, anxiety, and stress related to GERD in Herat, Afghanistan.

Methods

A descriptive study was conducted between August 29 and October 20, 2020, among patients with GERD symptoms, who provided informed verbal consent at the Mowaffaq Clinic and Sehat Hospital in Herat, Afghanistan. The minimum sample size was 384. Data were collected using a three‐domain questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 42 standard questionnaire. SPSS version 27 was used to perform descriptive statistics and χ2 tests.

Results

The sample consisted of 396 patients, with the majority being female (67.9%), married (78.5%), and illiterate (34.8%). Heartburn (88.1%) and regurgitation (84.3%) were the most common symptoms reported by participants. Tomato consumption (60.1%) was the most frequent type of eating behavior. Most patients reported severe anxiety (45.9%) and showed statistically significant differences in age, sex, education level, and cigarette usage. This study also found that certain demographic status, eating behaviors, and symptoms were associated with significantly different depression, anxiety, and stress scores among patients with GERD.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the association between GERD and various modifiable risk factors in Herat, Afghanistan. Public health initiatives focusing on preventive measures and raising awareness can potentially alleviate the burden of GERD. Moreover, further research and targeted interventions are essential to improve health outcomes, particularly among patients with GERD, who may experience psychological comorbidities.
Interpregnancy interval and adverse perinatal outcomes: A within‐individual comparative method
Authors: Sevoyan Maria , Geraci Marco , Frongillo Edward A. , Liu Jihong , Boghossian Nansi S.
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim

Previously observed associations between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and perinatal outcomes using a between‐individual method may be confounded by unmeasured maternal factors. This study aims to examine the association between IPI and adverse perinatal outcomes using within‐individual comparative analyses.

Methods

We studied 10,647 individuals from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Consecutive Pregnancies Study in Utah with ≥3 liveborn singleton pregnancies. We matched two IPIs per individual and used conditional logistic regression to examine the association between IPI and adverse perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB, <37 weeks’ gestation), small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA, <10th percentile of sex‐specific birthweight for gestational age), low birthweight (LBW, <2,500 g), and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Point and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimates were adjusted for factors that vary across pregnancies within individuals.

Results

CIs did not unequivocally support either an increase or a decrease in the odds of PTB (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.96), SGA (aOR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.28), LBW (aOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 0.90, 2.80), or NICU admission (aOR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.40) for an IPI <6 months compared to 18–23‐months IPI (reference), and neither did the CIs for the aOR of IPIs of 6–11 and 12–18 months compared to the reference. In contrast, an IPI ≥24 months was associated with increased odds of LBW (aOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.66 for 24–29 months; aOR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.21, 4.29 for 30–35 months; and aOR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.72 for ≥36 months).

Conclusions

Using a within‐individual comparative method, we did not find evidence that a short IPI compared to the recommended IPI of 18–23 months was associated with increased odds of PTB, SGA, LBW, and NICU admission. IPI ≥ 24 months was associated with increased odds of delivering an LBW infant.
Clinicopathological and prognostic role of CEP55 expression in cancer patients: A meta‐analysis of 31 studies with 12,543 patients
Authors: Zhang Jiangguo , Zhang Xiaoyin
Published: August 2024

Background

Dysregulated expression of centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) has been detected in multiple types of cancers. However, the clinical value of CEP55 expression in cancer is controversial. The current meta‐analysis quantitatively investigated the association between CEP55 expression and prognostic outcomes in cancers.

Methods

A literature search was performed using the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang databases, Web of Science, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library for primary studies. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were used to investigate the association between CEP55 expression and its prognostic and clinicopathological value in cancers.

Results

A total of 12,543 patients from 31 studies were included in this meta‐analysis. High CEP55 expression was significantly associated with poor differentiation, deeper tumor invasion and increased lymph node metastasis in cancer patients. The pooled results indicated that elevated CEP55 expression can predict a poor overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in cancers. These results should be interpreted with caution because of publication bias. However, the pooled HR for OS of lung cancers was 1.50 (95% CI = 1.36–1.67, p < 0.01) with no heterogeneity and publication bias.

Conclusions

CEP55 overexpression correlated with poor cancer differentiation, deeper tumor invasion, and increased lymph node metastasis, suggesting that CEP55 may serve as a predictive and prognostic biomarker for cancers, especially for lung cancers.
Fate and transport of fragmented and spherical microplastics in saturated gravel and quartz sand
Authors: Ameen Ahmad , Stevenson Margaret E. , Kirschner Alexander K. T. , Jakwerth Stefan , Derx Julia , Blaschke Alfred P.
Published: August 2024

Microplastics in urban runoff undergo rapid fragmentation and accumulate in the soil, potentially endangering shallow groundwater. To improve the understanding of microplastic transport in groundwater, column experiments were performed to compare the transport behavior of fragmented microplastics (FMPs ∼1‐µm diameter) and spherical microplastics (SMPs ∼1‐, 10‐, and 20‐µm diameter) in natural gravel (medium and fine) and quartz sand (coarse and medium). Polystyrene microspheres were physically abraded with glass beads to mimic the rapid fragmentation process. The experiments were conducted at a constant flow rate of 1.50 m day−1 by injecting two pore volumes of SMPs and FMPs. Key findings indicate that SMPs showed higher breakthrough, compared to FMPs in natural gravel, possibly due to size exclusion of the larger SMPs. Interestingly, FMPs exhibited higher breakthrough in quartz sand, likely due to tumbling and their tendency to align with flow paths, while both sizes (larger and smaller relative to FMPs) of SMPs exhibited higher removal in quartz sand. Therefore, an effect due to shape and size was observed.
Internet development and green economic efficiency in China: A new perspective of government's dual goal constraints and citizens' green lifestyle
Authors: Quan Tianshu , Yang Bin , Quan Tianli , Zhang Hui , Yu Yi
Published: August 2024

The rapid development of the information and communication technologies (ITCs) and the internet is deeply embedded in all aspects of economic life. With its high economic efficiency and significant green attributes, digitalization provides opportunities for promoting a green economy. However, the effects of digitalization and internet development on China's green economic efficiency are understudied. There is also a gap in research on how digitalization and internet development influence Chinese citizens to choose a green lifestyle from the consumer perspective. This article aims to enrich the research in this field by exploring the effects of internet development on green economic efficiency in China. The article further analyses how digitalization and internet development can encourage citizens to choose a green lifestyle. Drawing on panel data from 257 cities in China spanning the period from 2012 to 2020, this article utilizes the entropy method and the SBM‐GML model to assess the correlation between internet development and green economy efficiency. We also employ the basic regression model, system GMM model, mediation effect model and adjustment model to study the impact of internet development on urban green economic efficiency. The study found that internet development and green economic efficiency face constraints that are inherent in the government's dual economic growth and environmental goals and targets. We also found that digitalization and internet development can promote citizens' adoption of green lifestyles through the fostering of citizen environmental concern and green consumption habits. Further analysis shows that internet development has a more pronounced effect on green economic efficiency in eastern cities, large cities, non‐resource‐based cities and cities with higher economic development. These findings provide useful references for developing countries that promote urban green economic efficiency through digitalization and internet development.
Clinical glycoprotein mass spectrometry: The future of disease detection and monitoring
Authors: Marrero Roche Daniel E. , Chandler Kevin Brown
Published: August 2024

Protein glycosylation is the co‐ and/or post‐translational modification of proteins with oligosaccharides (glycans). This process is not template based and can introduce a heterogeneous set of glycan modifications onto substrate proteins. Glycan structures preserve biomolecular information from the cell, with glycoproteins from different cell types and tissues displaying distinct patterns of glycosylation. Several decades of research have revealed that glycan structures also differ between normal physiology and disease. This suggests that the information stored in glycoproteins and glycans can be utilized for disease diagnosis and monitoring. Methods that enable sensitive and site‐specific measurement of protein glycosylation in clinical settings, such as nano‐flow liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, are therefore essential. The purpose of this perspective is to discuss recent advances in mass spectrometry and the potential of these advances to facilitate the detection and monitoring of disease‐specific glycoprotein glycoforms. Glycoproteomics, the system‐wide characterization of glycoprotein identity inclusive of site‐specific characterization of carbohydrate modifications on proteins, and glycomics, the characterization of glycan structures, will be discussed in this context. Quantitative measurement of glycopeptide markers via parallel reaction monitoring is highlighted. The development of promising glycopeptide markers for autoimmune disease, liver disease, and liver cancer is discussed. Synthetic glycopeptide standards, ambient ionization mass spectrometry, and consideration of glyco‐biomarkers in two‐ and three‐dimensional space within tissue will be critical to the advancement of this field. The authors envision a future in which glycoprotein mass spectrometry workflows will be integrated into clinical settings, to aid in the rapid diagnosis and monitoring of disease.
Managing career plateaus for mid‐career professionals: A process‐driven practice intervention using life‐design counseling
Authors: Unnikrishnan Deepa , Rajeev Priya Nair
Published: August 2024

This qualitative study explores the impact of life‐design counseling (LDC) on mid‐career professionals facing career plateauing. Seven mid‐career professionals underwent counselling sessions focused on overcoming barriers, evaluating career beliefs, and exploring options. Thematic analysis delves into their experiences, attitudes, and unresolved mid‐career dilemmas. Results indicate a shift from problem‐focused to solution‐based thinking. A two‐wave longitudinal study spanning 4 years confirms counseling's effectiveness in assisting individuals in making crucial career decisions, guiding positive career redirection amidst mid‐career plateauing. Our study specifically explored and analyzed the practical application of LDC intervention in the real‐world counseling scenario for overcoming career plateauing.
A matter of research integrity: The reporting of statistical software used in studies published in nursing journals in 2023
Authors: Hedlund Åsa , Lindberg Magnus
Published: August 2024

The field of nursing has consistently upheld a strong sense of ethical awareness, which can be assumed to be reflected in the performance of nursing research. Adhering to sound research principles involves prioritizing research integrity. This entails being clear and open in detailing the methods used, allowing others to have confidence in both the methods and the resulting outcomes. This methodological review aimed to provide an overview of how statistical software programs have been reported in nursing studies. We screened articles published in the year 2023 in the five top‐ranking and the five bottom‐ranking nursing journals and found 311 that were eligible for this review; that is, quantitative/mixed‐methods/meta‐analyses. The most commonly used statistical software programs in these articles was IBM SPSS Statistics, followed by R. However, one out of 10 studies did not report the software used. Among those that reported the software, the software version was not always reported. Our findings suggest that there is insufficient reporting on the statistical software used for analysing quantitative data in nursing journal publications. From a perspective of maintaining research integrity, this presents an issue, as it jeopardizes transparency, sincerity, and, consequently, the ability to replicate methods and have confidence in the results.
Hot corrosion behavior of Mo–Si–Ti alloys
Authors: Beck Katharina , König Till , Senvardarli Ekin , Hinrichs Frauke , Heilmaier Martin , Galetz Mathias C.
Published: August 2024

The hot corrosion behavior of two ternary Mo–Si–Ti alloys (eutectic Mo–20.0Si–52.8Ti (at.%) and eutectoid Mo–21.0Si–34.0Ti (at.%)) was investigated at C and C for up to 100 h. Both Mo‐based alloys evidenced a hot corrosion attack, resulting in a uniform attack of the substrate surface. The higher Ti content of the eutectic alloy significantly reduced the formation of solid and volatile Mo oxides compared with the eutectoid alloy. After 24 h at C, the corrosion products formed on the eutectic alloy were only one‐tenth the thickness of the layers formed on the eutectoid alloy. The corrosion products were examined with optical and electron microscopy. Semiquantitative electron probe micro analysis and X‐ray diffraction measurements were used to identify the formed phases. The underlying corrosion mechanisms comprising not only hot corrosion‐induced fluxing but also oxidation‐induced pesting are discussed in detail.
The determination of the price of capital goods: A differential game approach
Authors: Guerrazzi Marco , Candido Giuseppe
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we address the determinants of the price of newly installed productive capacity. Specifically, we develop a differential game in which a competitive producer of consumption goods deals with a seller of capital goods endowed with market power. From a theoretical perspective, we demonstrate that an open‐loop Stackelberg equilibrium requires the producer of consumption goods to be more impatient than the seller of capital goods. Thereafter, we show that our theoretical setting can replicate the countercyclical pattern of the relative price of capital goods as well as its negative relationship with the investment–output ratio.
The prognostic value of microRNA‐200 family expression in digestive system tumors: A meta‐analysis and validation
Authors: Wu Xiaoshuang , Heng Jinghua , Li Mengxiang , Deng Danxia , Wu Bingli , Wang Muting , Li Sanqiang , Gao Shegan , Qi Yijun , Li Enmin
Published: August 2024

The relevance of miR‐200 family in the prognosis of digestive system tumors remains controversial. Through a systematic review of the pertinent literature using online databases including PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, our pooled‐analysis revealed that miR‐200 family downregulation was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS, hazard ratio [HR] > 1) and disease‐free survival (HR > 1) in digestive malignancies. Consistently, subgroup analyzes of various organ tissues, univariate analysis, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and patients of American descent revealed the hazardous effects of miR‐200 family downregulation. In contrast, low miR‐200 family expression in blood samples predicted favorable OS (HR < 1). Moreover, lower expression levels of miR‐200c‐5p and miR‐429 were validated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues. Both the protein and messenger RNA expression levels of Paralemmin‐2 (PALM2) and Mitotic Arrest Deficient 2‐Like Protein (MAD2L1), regulated by miR‐200c‐5p, were notably higher in ESCC, and increased protein levels of PALM2 and MAD2L1 were correlated with adverse OS. PALM2 overexpression significantly enhanced ESCC cell migration. In conclusion, our study highlights the prognostic value of miR‐200 family in digestive system tumors, and the decrease of miR‐200c‐5p may promote ESCC invasion through upregulation of PALM2 and MAD2L1.
Examination tolerance, pre‐examination anxiety, knowledge needs and cooperation in gastroscopic examinees: A prospective, correlational analysis in a health screening population
Authors: Yang Yingzi , Xia Qing , Wu Liangyu , Luo Ruihua , Huang Haiyan , LYU Qiong , Wang Fei
Published: August 2024

Aim

To explore the correlations between examination tolerance and anxiety, knowledge needs and examination cooperation in sedation‐free gastroscopy examinees.

Design

Cross‐sectional survey using convenience sampling.

Methods

A total of 170 healthy adults who underwent sedation‐free gastroenteroscopy were asked to complete a visual analogue scale (VAS) to rate their examination tolerance, the state anxiety questionnaire (S‐AI), a newly designed knowledge needs questionnaire and a cooperation questionnaire.

Results

The VAS score was 4.47 ± 1.96, the state anxiety score was 39.46 ± 9.81, the total score for knowledge needs was 44.89 ± 11.02, and the average cooperation score was 2.47 ± 0.38. The VAS score during the examination positively correlated with the pretest state anxiety score and pretest knowledge needs score and negatively correlated with the examination cooperation score. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that after undergoing the examination for the first time, anxiety, body position and swallowing control were the main factors influencing the examination tolerance of sedation‐free gastroscopy examinees.

Patient or Public Contribution

We would like to thank the staff and patients of the participating hospital for their assistance and cooperation in performing the current study.
An exploration of how construal level framing determines bequest giving behavior
Authors: Shang Jen , Routley Claire , Sargeant Adrian
Published: August 2024

This research tests the Construal‐Level Theory of Psychological Distance in a three‐dimensional context via a bequest fundraising telephone campaign. We experimentally primed temporal distance (i.e., 10 vs. 50 years) and social distance (i.e., donors' family and friends vs. benefits for wider society) before people answered a bequest‐related question. We then observed how matching and mismatching between these two dimensions impacted decisions differently depending on whether people engaged in a lower‐level thinking task (i.e., recalling whether they have left a bequest to a charity) or a higher‐level thinking task (i.e., considering whether they might leave a bequest in the future). Our findings contribute to the existing Construal‐Level Theory and nonprofit research by testing the unique combination of a three‐dimensional construal situation. Learning from this research can be applied to the design of innovative bequest fundraising procedures as well as innovative procedures to promote other voluntary decisions in the future.
Enhanced shape memory performance and numerical simulation of knitted‐fabric reinforced polymer composites with weft yarns
Authors: Huang Ying , Zhao Wei , Ren Haipeng , Jiang Liquan , Ouyang Yiwei , Xu Weilin , Liu Yang
Published: August 2024

Fabric‐reinforced shape memory polymeric composites (SMPC) have shown great potential in the design of intelligent deformation structures. In this work, the weft‐knitted fabric inserted with weft yarns was developed as reinforcement to fabricate the shape memory epoxy polymer (SMEP) composites. The effects of weft yarn, loop density and direction on the shape memory performance of SMPC under different bending radii were experimentally investigated. The results show that the SMPC have good shape fixity ratios and shape recovery ratios of around 98%. As compared with those of SMPCs without inserting weft yarns, the SMPCs with weft yarns have shorter shape recovery time, and the recovery force of SMPCs with weft yarns in the 0° and 90° directions shows an increase of 86.4% and 79.5%, respectively. The recovery force of SMPC improve 3.7 times compared to SMEP. The multiscale models of SMPC were established with basis of the results of micro‐computed tomography scanning of specimens and viscoelastic theory. The surface buckling behaviors of SMEP and SMPC specimens after U‐bending load were discussed. Finally, the deformation of loops and weft yarns of SMPC were analyzed to reveal the shape memory mechanism.

Highlights

Shape memory polymeric composites (SMPC) with weft yarns has shorter shape recovery time.

Recovery force of SMPC with weft yarns was obvious enhanced.

Multi‐scale viscoelastic models of SMPC were established.

Surface buckling behaviors of SMPC after U‐bending load were revealed.
Multiple health outcomes associated with algae and its extracts supplementation: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Wang Caixia , Min Ruixue , Zhou Qilun , Qi Yue , Ma Yanli , Zhang Xiaofeng
Published: August 2024

Algae and its extracts, widely consumed as functional foods, offer numerous health benefits; however, a comprehensive systematic summary of clinical evidence is currently lacking. The study was to assess the available evidence and provide an accurate estimate of the overall effects of algae and its extracts supplementation on various health outcomes. The comprehensive searches in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library until December 22, 2023 were implemented. The random‐effects model was employed to pool the overall effect sizes (ESs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Stata software. Moreover, detecting the methodological quality and evidence level of the eligible studies were employed by A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Review 2 (AMSTAR2) and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation. Ultimately, 25 articles covering 133 health outcomes were included in this umbrella review. The pooled results demonstrated that the algae and its extracts could significantly decrease body weight (ES = −1.65; 95% CI: −1.97, −1.34; p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (ES = −0.42; 95% CI: −0.78, −0.07; p = 0.020), waist circumference (WC) (ES = −1.40; 95% CI: −1.40, −1.39; p < 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (ES = −1.38; 95% CI: −2.15, −0.62; p < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (ES: −1.40; 95% CI: −2.09, −0.72; p < 0.001), very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C) (ES = −7.85; 95% CI: −8.55, −7.15; p < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (ES = −2.68; 95% CI: −4.57, −0.79; p = 0.005), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (ES = −0.15; 95% CI: −0.24, −0.07; p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (ES = −3.21; 95% CI: −5.25, −1.17; p = 0.002), diastolic blood pressure (ES = −3.84; 95% CI: −7.02, −0.65; p = 0.018), alanine transaminase (ES = −0.42; 95% CI: −0.70, −0.14; p = 0.003), and alkaline phosphatase (ES = −0.54; 95% CI: −0.99, −0.10; p = 0.017). Due to the limited number of studies, no benefit was displayed on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Considering the suboptimal quality of studies and the insufficient articles pertaining to certain outcomes, further well‐designed research is imperative to substantiate the observed findings.
Dissection of potential anti‐osteoporosis mechanism of isopsoralen – a quality control marker in Psoraleae Fructus – by metabolite profiling and network pharmacology
Authors: Ruan Yan‐Jie , Wang Guo‐Wei , Chen Zi‐Hao , Tu Xin‐Pu , Han Chuan‐Bao , Shi Wei , Liu Jian‐Hang , Zhang Feng‐Xiang
Published: August 2024

Rationale

Isopsoralen (ISO), a quality control marker (Q‐marker) in Psoraleae Fructus, is proven to present an obvious anti‐osteoporosis effect. Until now, the metabolism and anti‐osteoporosis mechanisms of ISO have not been fully elucidated, greatly restricting its drug development.

Methods

The metabolites of ISO in rats were profiled by using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The potential anti‐osteoporosis mechanism of ISO in vivo was predicted by using network pharmacology.

Results

A total of 15 metabolites were characterized in rats after ingestion of ISO (20 mg/kg/day, by gavage), including 2 in plasma, 12 in urine, 6 in feces, 1 in heart, 3 in liver, 1 in spleen, 1 in lung, 3 in kidney, and 2 in brain. The pharmacology network results showed that ISO and its metabolites could regulate AKT1, SRC, NFKB1, EGFR, MAPK3, etc., involved in the prolactin signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, thyroid hormone pathway, and PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway.

Conclusions

This is the first time for revealing the in vivo metabolism features and potential anti‐osteoporosis mechanism of ISO by metabolite profiling and network pharmacology, providing data for further verification of pharmacological mechanism.
High‐Performance Low‐Iridium Catalyst for Water Oxidation: Breaking Long‐Ranged Order of IrO2 by Neodymium Doping
Authors: Wang Yifan , Qin YuFeng , Wen Rou , Wang Longxiang , Dou Meiling , Wang Feng
Published: August 2024

Exploring efficacious low‐Ir electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for large‐scale application of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). Herein, an efficient non‐precious lanthanide‐metal‐doped IrO2 electrocatalyst is presented for OER catalysis by doping large‐ionic‐radius Nd into IrO2 crystal. The doped Nd breaks the long‐ranged order structure by triggering the strain effect and thus inducing an atomic rearrangement of Nd─IrO2 involving the forming of Nd─O─Ir bonds along with an increased amount of oxygen vacancies (Ov), giving rise of a long‐ranged disorder but a short‐ranged order structure. The formed Nd─O─Ir bonds tailor the electronic structure of Ir, leading to a lowered d‐band center that weakens intermediates absorption on Ir sites. Moreover, doping Nd triggers Nd─IrO2 to catalyze OER mainly through lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) by activating lattice oxygen owing to abundant Ov. The optimal catalyst only requires a relatively low overpotential of 263 mV@10 mA cm−2 with a high mass activity of 216.98 A gIr−1 (at 1.53 V) (eightfold of commercial IrO2), and also shows a superior durability at 50 mA cm−2 (20 h) than commercial IrO2 (3 h) due to the oxidation‐suppressing effect induced by Nd doping. This work offers insights into designing high‐performance low‐Ir electrocatalysts for PEMWE application.
Antibody‐Directing Antibody Conjugates (ADACs) Enabled by Orthogonal Click Chemistry for Targeted Intracellular Delivery
Authors: Gong Shuai , Liu Bin , Qiu Jingyi , Huang Fangying , Thayumanavan S.
Published: August 2024

Using orthogonal click chemistries for efficient nanoscale self‐assembly, a new antibody‐directing antibody conjugate (ADAC) nanogel is generated. In this system, one of the antibodies is displayed on the nanogel surface to specifically recognize cell‐surface epitopes while the other antibody is encapsulated inside the nanogel core. The system is programmed to release the latter antibody in its functional form in the cytosolic environment of a specific cell to engage intracellular targets. ADACs offer a potential solution to harness the advantages seen with antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) to deliver therapeutic cargos to specific tissues, but with the added capability of carrying biologics as the cargo. In this manuscript, this potential is demonstrated through delivery of antibodies against intracellular targets in specific cells. This platform offers new avenues for precise therapeutic interventions and the potential to address previously “undruggable” cellular targets.
Unraveling the Dynamic Reconstruction of Active Co(IV)‐O Sites on Ultrathin Amorphous Cobalt‐Iron Hydroxide Nanosheets for Efficient Oxygen‐Evolving
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhuang Yuntang , Yang Guihua , Dong Chaoqun , He Ming
Published: August 2024

Highly‐efficient and cost‐effective electrocatalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are crucial for advancing sustainable energy technologies. Herein, a novel approach leveraging corrosion engineering is presented to facilitate the in situ growth of amorphous cobalt‐iron hydroxides on nickel‐iron foam (CoFe(OH)x‐m/NFF) within a NaCl‐CoCl2 aqueous solution. By adjusting the concentration of the solution, the compositions can tailored and morphologies of these hydroxides to optimize the OER electrocatalytic performance. Specifically, the CoFe(OH)x‐500/NFF electrode manifests as distinctive 3D flower‐like clusters composed of remarkably thin nanosheets, measuring a mere 1 nm in thickness. By virtue of the amorphous and ultrathin nanosheet structure, the CoFe(OH)x‐500/NFF electrode exhibits superior OER activity, characterized by notably low overpotentials (η100, 274 mV) and an exceptionally small Tafel slope of 40.54 mV dec−1. Moreover, the electrode's performance remains robust, maintaining low overpotentials for 168 h at 100 mA cm−2. In situ Raman spectroscopy indicates that the hydroxides experience surface structural reconstruction and transform into high‐valent CoFeO2 with active Co(IV)‐O sites during the OER. Theoretical calculations underscore the critical role of the NiFe substrate in enhancing the electrode's OER activity by improving electrical conductivity and modifying the adsorption energy of reaction intermediates, thereby reducing the energy barrier for the reaction.