bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Wagender ….": Zu Rilkes Gedicht "Wie die Natur die Wesen überläßt"
Authors: Szabó Csaba
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Heidegger's lecture "Wozu Dichter?" takes as its starting point an explication of Rilke's poem "Wie die Natur die Wesen überläßt" in order to pass judgment on Rilke's "valid" poetry from the perspective of the history of being. In doing so, Heidegger discovers "risk" as an important motif in Rilke's late work. However, this line of inquiry was then subsequently neglected by Rilke research. The present study offers a substantially different interpretation of this poem by taking as its starting point the question, overlooked by Heidegger, concerning the poetic risk of this poem itself. It examines in detail the tense complexity of the poem's figurative order and its performance. Ultimately, what is at stake in this reading is nothing less than the questioning of man's (and the poet's) self-imposed distinctiveness among living beings. The analysis of this important experimental late text extends to the idea of poetry as a mutation of language, which itself can be thought as a mutation of the risky evolution of life.
"I Saw Things I Imagined": Poetic and Geographic Audacity in Solange Knowles's When I Get Home
Authors: Tinnin-Gadson Daelena
Published: December 2024

Abstract: This essay explores Solange Knowles's film When I Get Home and the ways it renders home as an embodied spatial and spiritual journey to reflect on where and how the Black female subject is imagined to belong and its capacity for worldbuilding. In repositioning the film's biographical arc, the author advances a more expansive understanding of the journey home as an intimate cinematic rendering that imagines a Black world where Black being is not a matter to be disputed. To illuminate the film's audacious performance, the essay explores the visual, theoretical, and sonic poetics of Black female oneness by advancing a conceptual map that understands the capacity of Black female subjectivity as a habitat of self-knowing and otherworldly possibility. The journey home imagines a space and time where the poetics of Black female audacity offer alternative grammars to dream, remember, perform new ways of being in the world.
Roll angle measurement method based on a double-sided optical wedge
Authors: Guo Yan , Ji Jiali , Zhang Yu , Wang Li , Di Huige , Yan Qing , Hua Dengxin
Published: December 2024

The roll angle is an important albeit difficult-to-measure geometric parameter. This study proposes a roll angle measurement method for an entire circle (360°). An elaborately designed double-sided optical wedge (DOW) is employed as a roll angle probe to divide the incident light beam into two beams. Both beams are imaged using a photodetector, and the roll angle of the DOW is obtained through the detection of the motion trajectories of the two images. The measurement principle is comprehensively analyzed, and the experimental results indicate that the accuracy of the constructed measurement system is better than ±7.72arcsec in the range of 360°. The proposed method is confirmed to be effective for large-range roll angle measurements.
Orbitalization ellipse of a light beam
Authors: Korotkova Olga
Published: December 2024

A scalar, harmonic beam-like field possessing an arbitrary number of orbital angular momentum (OAM) components is shown to trace an ellipse, termed here the orbitalization ellipse, at a given transverse cross section and radius, in the space spanned by the spiral OAM basis. The plane and the structure of the ellipse can be readily found by constructing its conjugate semi-diameter vectors from the OAM components.
Development and application of species ID and insecticide resistance assays, for monitoring sand fly Leishmania vectors in the Mediterranean basin and in the Middle East
Authors: Balaska Sofia , Khajehali Jahangir , Mavridis Konstantinos , Akiner Mustafa , Papapostolou Kyriaki Maria , Remadi Latifa , Kioulos Ilias , Miaoulis Michail , Fotakis Emmanouil Alexandros , Chaskopoulou Alexandra , Vontas John
Published: December 2024

Background

Development of insecticide resistance (IR) in sand fly populations is an issue of public health concern, threatening leishmaniasis mitigation efforts by insecticide-based vector control. There is a major knowledge gap in the IR status of wild populations worldwide, possibly attributed to the unavailability of specialized tools, such as bioassay protocols, species baseline susceptibility to insecticides and molecular markers, to monitor such phenomena in sand flies.

Methodology/Principal findings

Sand fly populations from (semi-)rural regions of Greece, Turkey and Iran were sampled and identified to species, showing populations’ structure in accordance with previously reported data. Genotyping of known pyrethroid resistance-associated loci revealed the occurrence of voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) mutations in all surveyed countries. Knock-down resistance (kdr) mutation L1014F was prevalent in Turkish regions and L1014F and L1014S were recorded for the first time in Iran, and in Turkey and Greece, respectively, yet in low frequencies. Moreover, CDC bottle bioassays against pyrethroids in mixed species populations from Greece indicated full susceptibility, using though the mosquito discriminating doses. In parallel, we established a novel individual bioassay protocol and applied it comparatively among distinct Phlebotomus species’ populations, to detect any possible divergent species-specific response to insecticides. Indeed, a significantly different knock-down rate between P. simici and P. perfiliewi was observed upon exposure to deltamethrin.

Conclusions/Significance

IR in sand flies is increasingly reported in leishmaniasis endemic regions, highlighting the necessity to generate additional monitoring tools, that could be implemented in relevant eco-epidemiological settings, in the context of IR management. Our molecular and phenotypic data add to the IR map in an area with otherwise limited data coverage.
Diagnostic value of urinary and serum IgG antibodies in evaluating drug treatment response in strongyloidiasis assessed by fecal examination and digital droplet PCR
Authors: Wongphutorn Phattharaphon , Kopolrat Kulthida Y. , Worasith Chanika , Eamudomkarn Chatanun , Hongsrichan Nuttanan , Pitaksakulrat Opal , Sithithaworn Jiraporn , Tippayawat Patcharaporn , Techasen Anchalee , Noordin Rahmah , Crellen Thomas , Sithithaworn Paiboon
Published: December 2024

Detection of Strogyloides-specific IgG antibodies in urine and serum has been used in diagnostic and epidemiological studies on strongyloidiasis. However, the usefulness of these assays in assessing responses to anthelmintic treatment is unclear. Thus, we evaluated the diagnostic performance and temporal profiles of Strongyloides-specific IgG antibodies in a cohort of participants at baseline and post-treatment. The participants were prospectively screened for baseline parasitic infections by fecal examination [agar plate culture technique (APCT) and formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT)] and digital droplet polymerase reaction (ddPCR) for Strongyloides stercoralis. At each sampling point, Strongyloides-specific IgG in urine and serum were measured by an in-house S. ratti-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At baseline, 169 of 351 participants (48.1%) had S. stercoralis infection by the combined fecal examination and ddPCR. The diagnostic sensitivities of IgG in urine and serum were 91.1% and 88.2%, respectively. The participants were given treatment with a single oral dose of ivermectin (IVM, 200 μg/kg) and were followed up by fecal and immunological diagnosis at 3 to 18 months post-treatment. The cure rate of IVM treatment evaluated by APCT and ddPCR was 88.3% at three months post-treatment. The profiles of IgG in urine in the curative treatment group showed a significant trend of decline with time post-treatment (Kruskal-Wallis test = 113.4–212.6, p value < 0.0001) and the lowest levels were seen 12 months post-treatment. The treatment response (> 50% reduction in urinary IgG antibody units) was 100%, and conversion from positive to negative results was 65.4%. The treatment response and conversion to negative assessed by serum IgG-ELISA were similar to those by urine IgG-ELISA. The results from this long-term diagnostic study highlight the utility of urinary IgG and serum IgG for screening and monitoring treatment outcomes in strongyloidiasis.
Evaluating the specificity of flavivirus proteases in Aedes aegypti cells for dengue virus 2-derived cleavage sites
Authors: Dingle Alexius O. , Adelman Zach N.
Published: December 2024

Flaviviruses are a diverse group of RNA viruses known for their significant impact on human health worldwide. We generated a series of reporters that included cleavage sequences from the dengue virus type 2 polyprotein and co-transfected with plasmids encoding various flavivirus proteases into Aedes aegypti cells, followed by fluorescent imaging and western blot analysis for the determination of proteolytic cleavage. Recombinant flavivirus NS2B3 proteases from medically significant and insect-specific flaviviruses were able to process reporters encoding cleavage sequences from the dengue virus type 2 polyprotein in vitro including proteases from dengue virus types 1–4, Zika virus, yellow fever virus, Aedes flavivirus, and cell-fusing agent virus. Reporters were not cleaved when transfected cells were infected with dengue virus type 2. Endoplasmic reticulum tethered reporters were also cleaved by protease alone but not by infectious virus. These results shed light on the ability of multiple flavivirus proteases to cleave sequences derived from outside of their genome and raise new questions concerning the requirements for effective cleavage by flavivirus proteases in trans.
Methodological insights from the EPISTOP trial to designing clinical trials in rare diseases—A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Wied Stephanie , Hilgers Ralf-Dieter , Heussen Nicole , Kotulska Katarzyna , Dirani Maya , Kuchenbuch Mathieu , Jozwiak Sergiusz , Nabbout Rima
Published: December 2024

Background

In clinical research, the most appropriate way to assess the effect of an intervention is to conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT). In the field of rare diseases, conducting an RCT is challenging, resulting in a low rate of clinical trials, with a high frequency of early termination and unpublished trials. The aim of the EPISTOP trial was to compare outcomes in infants with tuberous sclerosis (TSC) who received vigabatrin preventively before the seizures onset with those who received it conventionally after. The study was designed as a prospective, multicentre, randomized clinical trial. However, ethics committees at four centres did not approve this RCT design, resulting in an open-label trial (OLT) in these four centres and an RCT in the other six centres. In this paper, we re-analyse the data from the EPISTOP trial using methods to investigate the influence of allocation bias on the results of the EPISTOP trial.

Method

A bias-corrected analysis is used to support and strengthen the published results. We included a term representing the effect of selection bias as an influencing factor on the corresponding endpoint in the statistical model. Thus, the treatment effect estimates for the primary endpoint of time to first seizure and additional secondary endpoints are adjusted for the bias effect.

Result

The bias-corrected analyses for the primary endpoint show that the estimated hazard ratio and associated confidence intervals are in a very similar range (original analysis: HR 2.91, 95%-CI [1.11 to 7.67], p-value 0.0306; bias-corrected analysis: HR 2.89, 95%-CI [1.10 to 7.58], p-value 0.0316). This was also the case for the secondary endpoints.

Conclusion

The statistical re-analysis of the raw trial data therefore supports the published results and confirms that there is no additional bias introduced by randomization, thereby increasing the value of the results. However, this highlights that this aspect needs to be considered in future trials, especially in rare diseases, to avoid additional biases in an already small sample size where it may be difficult to reach significance.
Free DNA partially clarifies discrepancies between qPCR and the conventional phage quantification method
Authors: Van Overfelt Saar , Duyvejonck Hans , Baeke Femke , De Rycke Riet , Merabishvili Maya , Vermeulen Stefan , Cools Piet , Vaneechoutte Mario , Van Mechelen Els
Published: December 2024

To use phages in a personalized therapy and industrial applications, an accurate quantification is needed. The gold standard method, namely the culture-based double agar overlay (DAO) method, provides an accurate estimate of the number of infectious phages but is laborious and time-intensive. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) can be used as a fast alternative but tends to overestimate the number of infectious phage particles. Here we describe the use of a DNase treatment before quantification of the Staphylococcus aureus phage ISP with qPCR to obtain a more accurate estimate of the number of infectious phage particles. We showed that DNase treatment results in a significant decrease of the concentration when measured with qPCR although for two out of three tested ISP phage stocks, there was still a significant difference with the DAO method. We also showed that the discrepancy between quantification with qPCR and the DAO method is dependent on the storage period of the phage stock, with a larger discrepancy for older stocks. Additionally, we used negative contrast immune electron microscopy to confirm the presence of DNA in the medium of the phage stock and the impact of the DNase treatment on the free DNA.
Development of subgingival calculus detector utilizing optical fiber: Verification of its potential for clinical application
Authors: Kato Tsubasa , Sena Kotaro , Ishiko Risa , Tanda Naoko , Yoda Nobuhiro , Hihara Hiroki , Koseki Takeyoshi
Published: December 2024

The removal of subgingival deposits, especially calculus, plays a crucial role in basic periodontal therapy. However, manual detection methods affect accuracy owing to the operator’s skill. To avoid this uncertainty, we have developed a calculus detection device named “Sensor probe” and evaluated its ability to detect calculus for future clinical applications. The Sensor probe consisted of a 635 nm-wavelength semiconductor laser and a 0.5 mm-diameter single-mode optical fiber. Initially, the performance of the device was evaluated using clinically obtained extracted teeth with calculus covered with a stainless-steel shielding plate with pinhole. Then, the effect of the optical fiber’s end shape on calculus detection performance was analyzed. Lastly, the performance of the Sensor probe was compared to that of a conventional periodontal probe in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for calculus detection using calculus-covered extracted teeth. The results indicated that Sensor probe detected dental calculus through the pinhole with a diameter of 300 μm or more when applied from a distance of 100 μm. The results analyzing the effect of the optical fiber’s end shape on calculus detection performance showed that cutting the fiber end at an angle of 45° resulted in the most effective calculus detection. This may be because the laser light refracted on the cut surface and concentrated on the fiber side. Moreover, by comparing the performance of this device to a conventional periodontal probe revealed that the Sensor probe showed improved calculus detection accuracy in deeper periodontal pockets. This improvement was particularly significant in the apical third, where detection is typically difficult. In conclusion, a Sensor probe that uses an optical fiber with a 45° angled end may facilitate subgingival calculus detection. In future clinical applications, Sensor probes could lead to more accurate and efficient calculus removal, especially for deeper periodontal pockets.
Improving access to specialist care in correctional facilities through Ontario eConsult
Authors: Goulet Danica , Sethuram Claire , Keely Erin , Liddy Clare
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the accessibility of multispecialty advice for primary care providers (PCPs) within correctional facilities, catering to the healthcare needs of individuals in federal custody in Ontario, Canada, through the utilization of electronic consultation (eConsult).

Design

Retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive analysis.

Setting

eConsults submitted by PCPs within federal correctional facilities through the Ontario eConsult Service between April 1st, 2019, and March 31st, 2023.

Participants

906 completed eConsults were submitted by 21 PCPs in correctional facilities.

Results

The top three specialties sent to were cardiology (46%, N = 417), dermatology (14%, N = 128), and endocrinology and metabolism (8%, N = 68). The median specialist response time was 0.9 days. The median time specialists spent responding to each case was 15 minutes. PCPs received advice on a new or additional course of action in 34% of eConsult cases. In-person specialist appointments were avoided in 81% of cases.

Conclusions

Ontario eConsult provides an ideal venue to improve access to multispecialty advice for people who are incarcerated. This service reduces the need for face-to-face specialist visits, decreases cost-of-care, and avoids unnecessary transportation outside of correctional facilities with potential security issues.
Warming induces short-term phenological shifts in pollinator-plant interactions that enhance larval development in honey bee
Authors: Chang Megan M. Y. , Hsu Pei-Shou , Yang En-Cheng , Sun Syuan-Jyun , Ho Chuan-Kai
Published: December 2024

Climate warming can precipitate mismatches in plant-pollinator interactions by altering their phenologies of both parties, impacting ecosystem services. While most studies have focused on long-term, seasonal phenological shifts, the effect of warming on short-term phenological match-mismatch in these interactions remains unclear. Here, we investigate how experimental warming affects within-day foraging behavior of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and plant anthesis, and whether the resulting changes in bee pollen composition, in terms of the relative abundance of pollen from different plant species, influences larval development. Experimental warming advanced both the within-day foraging by bees and anthesis of Bidens pilosa—the predominant pollen source among all plant species represented in the collected pollen. Through experimental manipulation of pollen composition, we demonstrated that an increased proportion of B. pilosa pollen in the diet enhanced bee larval growth efficiency. Overall, our study demonstrates that warming may influence pollinator interactions with the many plant species by affecting pollinator behaviors and plant anthesis on short-term temporal scales, with potential implications for pollinator larval development.
A Constraint Programming Approach for Polytopic Simulation of Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Alexandre dit Sandretto Julien , Chapoutot Alexandre , Garion Christophe , Thirioux Xavier
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a constraint-based approach to compute the reachable tube of nonlinear differentiable equations. A set of initial values for the equations is considered and defined by a polytope represented as intersections of zonotopes. Guaranteed numerical integration based on zonotopic computation is used to compute reachable tubes. In order to efficiently build polytopes defined by the intersection of several zonotopes, we use a previously developed abstract domain to represent reachable tubes. The proposed contribution allows to compute more expressive reachable tubes more efficiently than methods based only on boxes, and therefore could improve verification/validation processes in robotics application for example. The approach is evaluated on examples taken from literature and we present two applications of this work.
A kelet európai szocialista oktatáspolitika szovjet gyökerei
Authors: Sáska Géza
Published: December 2024

A szovjet politikai befolyás gyengülése óta az oktatás értékrendje, módja iránti érdeklődés mifelénk a nyugati demokrácia irányába tájékozódik, hátat fordítva a legelső szocialista állam ideológiájának és módszereinek, elfeledve, hogy a szovjetizáció során mindkét szakasz néhány eleme mélyen beépült a kelet-európai közoktatás kultúrájába. Az 1917-es szocialista forradalmat követő szovjet totalitárius állam oktatási kormányzata hevesen elutasította a polgári demokráciák iskoláinak korábbi porosz eredetű szellemét, oktatásrendszerük irányítási módját, ezzel együtt Herbart fegyelmező pedagógiáját, s ennek helyébe valamennyi gyermek és iskolája önállóságában látta az egyenlőségalapú új társadalom létrejöttét. A proletárdiktatúra viszonyai között a majdani szocialista társadalom építői nevelési ideológiájuk és módszertanuk meghatározó mintáit a rendszerkritikus amerikai, illetve európai gyermektanulmányozóktól és pszichológusoktól kölcsönözték. A Lenin által értelmezett marxizmusba integrált eszmeimplementációs kísérlet kivívta a kor és a későbbi időszak politikai baloldalának csodálatát. A proletár nemzetköziség eszméje ugyan elenyészett az osztályharc programjával együtt, ám a szocialista nevelési elvek alapján szervezett új állami iskolák valóban létrejöttek, de csak a marxizmust-leninizmust mellőző szociáldemokrata és kapitalista közegű jóléti államokban.
IFRS17: UMA PROPOSTA DE EVIDENCIAÇÃO DO PASSIVO DE SINISTROS INCORRIDOS EM NOTAS EXPLICATIVAS
Authors: Carvalho Bruno Domingues Ramos de , Carvalho João Vinícius
Published: December 2024

Objetivos: abordam-se os requerimentos de divulgacão em notas explicativas das demonstrações financeiras de companhias seguradoras, especificamente relacionados ao Passivo de Sinistros Incorridos (PSI) e Ajuste de Risco (AR), conforme o novo padrão contábil IFRS17 (CPC50). São propostos o tipo e forma de divulgação dos requisitos do IFRS17, bem como são sugeridas divulgações adicionais.
Método: adotando a classificação de Hendriksen e Van Breda (1999), definem-se o tipo e forma das divulgações requeridas pelo CPC50 (2021) relacionadas ao PSI e AR. Adicionalmente, sugerimos três divulgações complementares focadas em aspectos de risco. Para produção das divulgações foi mensurado o Fluxo de Caixa de Cumprimento (FCC) relativo ao PSI e seu respectivo AR. Utilizou-se modelagem estocástica (bootstrap) para estimar distribuições de probabilidade empíricas, e Value at Risk para obter o nível de confiança, com seu Expected Shortfall (perda esperada para além de um limiar) associado. Utilizaram-se dados reais de uma seguradora brasileira, compreendendo histórico de oito anos de sinistros de Seguros de Automóveis (Casco e Responsabilidade Civil Facultativa).
Resultados: Os resultados mostram a importância de medidas de risco de insuficiência de provisão, aspecto relevante para a gestão e transparência de divulgação em relatórios financeiros.
Contribuições: A IFRS17 estabelece novos princípios de reconhecimento, mensuração e evidenciação das informações financeiras de (res)seguradoras. Este novo padrão requer a mensuração e a evidenciação de Fluxos de Caixa de Cumprimento (FCC), compostos pelo valor presente esperado das obrigações atuariais adicionado de um Ajuste de Risco (AR), que incorpora a incerteza sobre sua realização. Adicionalmente, as notas explicativas sugeridas contribuem para aprimorar a capacidade do usuário da informação contábil em mensurar aspectos relacionados a risco e incerteza associada ao passivo das seguradoras.
Personalidade Dark Tetrad e gerenciamento de resultados: o efeito moderador da reputação corporativa
Authors: Góis Alan Diógenes , Lima Gerlando Augusto Sampaio Franco de , De Luca Márcia Martins Mendes , Gotti Giorgio
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: O estudo objetiva investigar o efeito moderador da reputação corporativa na relação entre a personalidade Dark Tetrad e o gerenciamento de resultados.
Método: Foram adotadas duas abordagens: archival e experimento. Na abordagem archival, foram analisados os dados de 434 empresas (2.645 observações) sediadas nos EUA, referentes ao período 2010-2017. O gerenciamento de resultados foi representado pela qualidade dos accruals; a reputação foi representada pela pontuação no ranking Empresas Mais Admiradas do Mundo; e a personalidade Dark Tetrad baseou-se no discurso do CEO e na análise de personalidade Big Five. Na abordagem experimental, foi utilizado um delineamento 2x2 entre sujeitos, em uma amostra de 242 alunos de MBA, a maioria com prática em gestão. A personalidade Dark Tetrad foi medida com auxílio do formulário Short Dark Triad (Paulhus; Jones, 2014) e por meio da Avaliação da Personalidade Sádica (Plouffe et al., 2017). Para a reputação, foram adaptados os cenários de Goldberg (1990) e Lafferty (2007). Os participantes foram solicitados a tomar cinco decisões contábeis, com base nas quais avaliou-se a propensão para cometimento de fraude.
Resultados: Os resultados confirmaram que a personalidade do CEO afeta o gerenciamento de resultados, bem como mostraram que uma boa reputação corporativa reduz a probabilidade de gerenciamento de resultados e de fraude, preservando-se, assim, a qualidade das informações contábeis.
Contribuições: Entre as contribuições práticas para auditores e investidores, o estudo expande a Teoria dos Altos Escalões, ao incluir e associar traços de personalidade sombria ao maior risco de gerenciamento de resultados e de fraude.
Empresas transnacionales forestales chilenas en América del Sur
Authors: Romero Wimer Fernando , Fernández Hellmund Paula
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la expansión de empresas transnacionales (ETN) forestales chilenas y examinar su relación con procesos de conflictividad socio-ambiental en América del Sur, considerando el acaparamiento de tierras generado por la dinámica capitalista y los mecanismos de apropiación. La metodología de investigación se sustenta, principalmente, en un enfoque cualitativo de la expansión de las ETN forestales chilenas sobre la base de una revisión bibliográfica, leyes y decretos nacionales e información proveniente de las propias compañías. Además, se recurrió a fuentes periodísticas, informes de organizaciones ambientalistas y entrevistas a actores clave. Las principales conclusiones dan cuenta de la adopción de mecanismos tanto jurídico-políticos como económicos para el acaparamiento de tierras y la expansión de las compañías, además de la adopción de diferentes estrategias empresariales frente a la conflictividad socio-ambiental.
Apropriação, controle e estrangeirização da terra na América do Sul
Authors: Wesz Junior Valdemar João , Sosa Varrotti Andrea Patricia , Oyhantçabal Benelli Gabriel
Published: December 2024

O século XXI tem sido marcado por intensas transformações em nível global, com destaque ao processo de ressignificação da terra e dos recursos naturais nas dinâmicas capitalistas. Entre as principais faces desse movimento está a apropriação de grandes extensões de terra por meio de uma variedade de mecanismos e formas de controle, que a literatura tem reconhecido como “land grabbing” ou “acaparamiento de tierras”. Parte desta dinâmica tem se dado via o controle da terra por atores estrangeiros que, embora as análises iniciais tenham se centrado nos investidores do Norte no Sul global, estudos recentes reforçam a atuação e a presença dos atores regionais. Este é justamente o foco desta edição especial da Revista Campo - Território, que olha de maneira específica para a atuação destes investidores nas dinâmicas de apropriação, controle e estrangeirização da terra na América do Sul. Este dossiê conta com oito artigos, com autores provenientes de diferentes instituições (nacionais e internacionais) e de várias áreas de formação, que tratam situações de distintos países da região (Brasil, Argentina, Uruguai, Paraguai, Bolívia, Chile, Colômbia e Venezuela) e de variados segmentos (agrícola, pecuário, florestal, imobiliário, entre outros). Ao partir de diferentes casos, temas e perspectivas, os textos mostram que ainda há muitas arestas no tema do land grabbing que merecem maior atenção e profundidade.
Editorial #21. Abordajes metodológicos en extensión universitaria
Authors: Iucci Cecilia
Published: December 2024

Editorial de la revista #21.
Transformaciones metodológicas en clave de extensión crítica: la cuestión ambiental y alimentaria en las huertas agroecológicas de la ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Gallardo Araya Nela Lena , Arqueros María Ximena
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en analizar diferentes etapas por las que transitó un programa de extensión universitaria desde el año 1997 hasta la actualidad tomando como eje central las metodologías que se desarrollaron tanto con la comunidad como al interior de la universidad. Para ello se realiza un recorrido por los ámbitos de implementación, los actores involucrados, las formas de trabajo, los principales temas abordados y la producción escrita en cada período. La estrategia metodológica utilizada es del orden cualitativo, con datos relevados a partir de entrevistas, observaciones participantes, documentos de registro, informes de proyectos, publicaciones y archivo fotográfico. Por medio de este análisis se busca reflexionar sobre la formación en extensión bajo el enfoque crítico, así como también sobre algunos temas que aún desafían la acción en torno a la “alimentación”, el “ambiente” y la “agroecología”.
Assessing the genetic landscape of Kapok (Ceiba pentandra L. Gaertn) progeny trial: a cluster analysis for sustainable natural fibre resources
Authors: Banoo Raziya , Murugesh M , Vaiyapuri K , Rajagopal B , Sujatha K B , Balamurugan J , Devanand P S
Published: December 2024

Ceiba pentandra, commonly known as the kapok tree or silk-cotton tree, exhibits diverse ecological roles, medicinal properties, economic value, and cultural significance. In this context, thirty-plus C. pentandra (kapok) trees were selected from various locations in the Theni and Dindigul districts of Southern Tamil Nadu based on superior traits by using the comparison tree method. Harvested pods provided seeds for establishing a progeny trial to evaluate seed source variation and other associated studies. Eleven traits were examined, including pod length, pod diameter, pod weight, shell weight, lint weight, floss weight, seed weight, number of seeds, tree height, girth at breast height, and number of branches. After two years and seven months, significant variations were observed among the genotypes in terms of biometric parameters and pod attributes of C. pentandra. Most characters, including pod weight, pod length, pod diameter, and floss weight, exhibited high heritability values and substantial genetic advances as a percentage of the mean. Cluster analysis categorized the thirty genotypes into four clusters. Notably, considering floss weight as a pivotal trait due to its significance as an alternate source of natural fibres, genotypes g28, g29, and g30 (originating from Sirumalai, Dindigul) were identified as superior to other genotypes. These genotypes can be utilized for further research programs to study genetic diversity at the genome level using advanced molecular tools.
Umgang mit dem Unsichtbaren – Neurodiversity-Management in Bibliotheken
Authors: Stecker Sandra , Albers Miriam
Published: December 2024

Während die Zahlen der Autismus- und ADHS-Diagnosen konstant steigen, gibt es momentan noch keine erkennbaren, inklusiven Maßnahmen zur Förderung neurodivergenten Bibliothekspersonals. Gründe dafür sind u. a., dass Neurodivergenz unsichtbar ist, oft nicht oder erst spät erkannt wird und in beruflichen Kontexten meistens maskiert wird. Zudem fehlt bei unsichtbaren Behinderungen häufig noch das Bewusstsein darüber, dass diese in der Regel unterstützt werden können bzw. müssen, sowie eine Vorstellung darüber, wie genau Unterstützungsangebote aussehen könnten.

Das Ziel dieses, auf einer Bachelorarbeit basierenden, Artikels ist es, über diesen Unterstützungsbedarf aufzuklären und Vorschläge möglicher Unterstützungsangebote zu formulieren. Dabei stehen die neurodivergenten Konditionen Autismus, ADHS, Dyskalkulie und Legasthenie im Fokus. Der Auskunftsdienst wird zusätzlich als Beispiel für einen herausfordernden bibliothekarischen Bereich thematisiert.
Modification of the 5D Lorenz chaotic map with fuzzy numbers for video encryption in cloud computing
Authors: Alrubaie Asmaa Hasan , Khodher Maisa’ A. Abid Ali , Abdulameer Ahmed Talib
Published: December 2024

As surveillance cameras have proliferated in usage, their widespread deployment has raised privacy concerns. We introduce an inventive strategy to safeguard privacy in surveillance videos to address these concerns. This article designs a secure system for detecting and encrypting regions of interest (ROIs) that depict multiple individuals within video footage. The suggested system is composed of three phases, with the initial phase incorporating an object detection model to efficiently detect individuals in video frames with the You Only Look Once version 7 architecture. The second stage encrypts ROIs with our unique algorithm, which represents a novel technique derived from combining triple DNA with the modification of the 5D Lorenz chaotic map using fuzzy triangular numbers, which are utilized in key generation. The reverse of this process is a decryption that obtains the original video. The third stage combines all encrypted ROIs from the reconstructed video frames to be securely stored as encrypted video in the cloud. Evaluation results show that the utmost value of the unified averaged changed intensity and the number of changing pixel rate stand at 33.8000 and 99.8934%, respectively, with encryption and decryption speeds up to 7.06 and 6.72 s, respectively.
Writing to be read, or how to achieve more through less [Language Matters]
Authors: Carney Terrence R
Published: December 2024

Wolfgang Klein’s observation in 1989 that a steady rise in academic publications affects a scientist’s capacity to read and write more extends to issues like funding, tenure, and citation on the one hand, and technological advancements like artificial intelligence that enable (and corrupt) research on the other. In documenting speakers’ linguistic behaviour in varied social settings, sociolinguistics journals are necessary platforms for the dissemination and archiving of sociolinguistic data. Like many academic journals, however, sociolinguistics journals also play a vital role in amassing information, simultaneously contributing to sociolinguistic progress and data excess. In this commentary, I agree with Klein that production should be reduced to some extent for authors to both read and write, and to contribute content in support of the research – not simply to be published.
Acceleration, capitalist temporalities and collective challenges in academic publishing [Language Policy]
Authors: Pérez-Milans Miguel , Menken Kate
Published: December 2024

This article engages with Wolfgang Klein’s (1989. Schreiben oder Lesen, aber nicht beides, oder: Vorschlag zur Wiedereinführung der Keilschrift mittels Hammer und Meißel. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik) invitation in Schreiben oder Lesen, aber nicht beides, oder: Vorschlag zur Wiedereinführung der Keilschrift mittels Hammer und Meißel to think about the emergence of the knowledge industry and the extent to which it makes it impossible for readers of scientific journals to keep up with overproduction. Taking acceleration as a key economic property that governs contemporary academic capitalism, we explore some inner workings of this industry but also examples of collective (and prefigurative) initiatives that have attempted to undermine such workings in non-academic settings, in order to reflect more specifically on the possible implications for academic publishing. In so doing, we identify some relevant features as to how capitalist temporalities organise scientific editorial work, and provide a few focal points of consideration with the hope of contributing to wider conversations on how to begin (re)imagining alternative ways of doing academic publishing.
Diagnosing EFL writers’ development of discourse competence in disciplinary writing: an ecological approach
Authors: Wang Yumin , Xie Qin
Published: December 2024

This study employed a multiple-case study design to investigate nine English-as-a-foreign-language undergraduates’ disciplinary writing experiences in a bilingual teaching and learning context. Drawing on writing samples, writer’s logs, and semi-structured interviews, the study identified weaknesses in their discourse features and explored their relationships to the composing processes, immediate personal traits, and larger environmental factors. Overall, the students demonstrated a basic level of discourse competence (i.e., they could write an essay on the topic and use complex connectives accurately). However, they tended to ignore other discourse features (e.g., composing a statement to control ideas in the introduction, closing the essay with an effective conclusion, and maintaining appropriate reader-writer interactions). The data revealed a positive association between English proficiency and discourse features. Typically, those with low novice and intermediate novice proficiency levels relied on text-recognition technology to translate English materials into their L1s, thus enabling source processing. They also depended on automatic translation applications to translate their essays into English, which were written in their L1s first. Based on these findings, this study suggests the integration of adequate genre knowledge, academic reading skills, and discipline-relevant task design into L2 writing instruction and assessment practice in undergraduate study.
Lidocaine infusion for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: Case series and literature review
Authors: Yang Kevin J. , Mistry Porus D.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition most often triggered by direct injury to an extremity that is characterized by disproportionate pain, sensory abnormalities, and autonomic dysfunction. Early research into intravenous lidocaine therapy for CRPS has demonstrated promise, but clinical evidence remains scarce. We report on 12 patients with chronic CRPS who underwent intravenous lidocaine therapy and discuss our findings in the context of the existing literature.

Results

Patients ages ranged from 25 to 64 years. Duration of CRPS ranged from 4 to 25 years. The majority of patients (8/12, 67%) reported adequate subjective pain relief with intravenous lidocaine therapy, whereas four patients reported inadequate subjective pain relief with therapy. All patients were being treated with at least one other pharmacotherapy. Three patients experienced minor side effects.

Conclusions

Our cases, taken with existing evidence, suggest that intravenous lidocaine for the treatment of chronic CRPS is safe and may decrease the pain associated with chronic CRPS. However, this study lacks adequate sample size to make those conclusions confidently. We recommend a randomized placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trial to establish the efficacy and side effect profile of systemic intravenous lidocaine more confidently for the treatment of pain due to chronic CRPS.
Is Government Policy a Barrier or Facilitator to the Work of Place-Based Community-led Nonprofits?
Authors: Roy Michael J. , Rendall Jack , Clewett Emma , McMullan Julie , Read Rosie , McLean Jennifer , O’Hare Liam , Bertotti Marcello , Kelly Mike , Baker Rachel
Published: December 2024

In this paper we explore whether government policy acts as a barrier or facilitator to the work of nonprofits, and in what ways (if at all) different policy contexts influence the work of place-based community-led nonprofit organizations working to improve the health and wellbeing of their communities. Employing ‘abductive’ analysis of qualitative data collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 20 non-profit leaders located in different parts of the UK, we found that government policy can act both as barrier and facilitator at various times. There is often a disconnection between policy intent and the realities of local context, funding arrangements for nonprofits was often dependent on developing and maintaining successful relationships, and there were clear tensions between the pursuit of mission and alignment to government priorities.
A promising photocathode for green hydrogen generation from sanitation water without external sacrificing agent: silver-silver oxide/poly(1H-pyrrole) dendritic nanocomposite seeded on poly-1H pyrrole film
Authors: Alnuwaiser Maha Abdallah , Rabia Mohamed
Published: December 2024

A novel photocathode has shown promise for generating green hydrogen from sanitation water at a rate of 50 µmol/h per 10 cm², using waste water as an electrolyte in a three-electrode cell. This photocathode is composed of two layers: a poly(1H-pyrrole) seeding layer topped with a silver-silver oxide/poly(1H-pyrrole) (Ag-Ag2O-P1HP) dendritic nanocomposite. The nanocomposite exhibits broad light absorption up to 660 nm and possesses a bandgap of 1.8 eV. SEM images reveal that the Ag-Ag2O-P1HP nanocomposite consists of well-ordered semi-spherical nanoparticles, with an average size between 80 and 100 nm. These spherical nanoparticles offer a large surface area, which enhances photon absorption and trapping efficiency. Additionally, the crystalline structure is characterized by a small crystal size of 32 nm, further contributing to the material’s efficiency. Hydrogen generation performance was evaluated by measuring the current density (J
ph) under white light and monochromatic light, compared to the dark current (J
o). The photocathode’s sensitivity was tested using four different monochromatic wavelengths: 540, 440, 340, and 730 nm. The first three wavelengths – 540, 440, and 340 nm – resulted in high J
ph values of −0.19, −0.20, and −0.21 mA/cm², respectively, indicating significant hydrogen production. Conversely, the 730 nm wavelength produced a lower J
ph value of −0.17 mA/cm², as the energy at this wavelength is insufficient to induce significant bond vibrations, resulting in limited hydrogen production. The high efficiency, combined with the straightforward fabrication of this photocathode, suggests that it could be scaled up as a prototype for industrial hydrogen generation applications.
How exercise shapes the anti-inflammatory environment in multiple sclerosis – a conceptual framework focusing on tryptophan-derived molecules in T cell differentiation
Authors: Wences Chirino Tiffany Y. , Joisten Niklas , Zimmer Philipp , Proschinger Sebastian
Published: December 2024

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory autoimmune characterized by inflammation-induced lesion formation after immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system. T cells play an intriguing role in MS immunopathology and research over the past decade has shown that tryptophan (TRP)-derived metabolites are crucial molecules affecting T cell differentiation, also in MS, and are modulated by exercise. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), for which TRP metabolites are well-known ligands, has been elucidated as main driver of T cell differentiation and an enhanced anti-inflammatory cellular milieu in human MS and preclinical mouse models. By integrating evidence from different research fields, the aim of this article is to summarize and critically discuss the potential of exercise to activate the AHR in T cells by modulating circulating TRP-derived metabolites and to provide a conceptual framework on potential benefits in MS immunopathology.
Afrikai birodalmak a Száhel-övezetben, történeti áttekintés
Authors: Búr Gábor
Published: December 2024

Az utóbbi másfél évezredben az Atlanti-óceántól a Vörös-tengerig húzódó Száhel-övezetben birodalmak sora keletkezett, élte virágkorát, majd elenyészett. Vita tárgyát képezi, hogy ezek a birodalmak mennyiben voltak autochton fejlődés eredményei, s mennyiben a civilizációs folyosókon át érkező migráció, a kulturális diffúzió következményei. Az viszont vitathatatlan, hogy létezésük alapját a transzszaharai kereskedelem jelentette, biztosítva az erőforrásokat, a katonai fölényt. A hanyatlást is  egyértelműen a fő kereskedelmi útvonalak áthelyeződése okozta, amit csak betetőzött az európai gyarmatosítás. Ezek a Száhel-övezeti birodalmak, kiemelkedő uralkodóik a mai Afrikában történelmi fogódzókat jelentenek, egy kiszipolyozott, egészen a közelmúltig alávetettségbe kényszerített kontinensen a büszkeség forrásaként szolgálnak. Jól felfogott érdek fűződik tehát az előítéletektől, a túlzásoktól, s gyakran a fantázia szüleményeitől letisztított, adekvát történelmi kép kialakításához.
Lányok a Boko Haram Fogságában
Authors: Radics Melinda
Published: December 2024

Radics Melinda a következő művet mutatta be:
Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani: A baobab árnyékában. Fordította: Atlasz Florina. &Kiadó, Budapest, 2024.
Nyelvek és nyelvpolitikák a sokszínű Száhelben
Authors: Gúti Erika , T. Horváth Attila
Published: December 2024

A tanulmány a Száhel-övezet összetett nyelvi és nyelvpolitikai dinamikáját vizsgálja. Elemzi a térség francia nyelvű országai közvetítő nyelveinek és regionális lingua francáinak funkcióját a társadalmi interakcióban, majd azokkal a kontinentális nyelvpolitikai törekvésekkel foglalkozik, amelyek célja a nyelvi és kulturális ökológia fenntartása révén a társadalmi stabilitás és biztonság elősegítése. Végül, a közelmúltban végbement puccsok és államszervezési kísérletek nyelvpolitikai következményeit tárgyalja.
Messaging the Rip Current Threat from Distant Tropical Cyclones in the Carolinas
Authors: Oliva Victoria A. , Pfaff Steven , Willis Mark
Published: December 2024

Rip currents are the number one weather-related killer in the Carolinas, and rip currents generated by swells from distant tropical cyclones pose a unique messaging challenge for the National Weather Service (NWS). A database of surf fatalities from Atlantic basin tropical cyclones was compiled, with 87 surf fatalities along the continental United States coastline between 2000 and 2022 attributed to distant storms, where direct impacts from the storm remained far from the local area. Hurricane Lorenzo in 2019 led to eight drownings along the United States East Coast despite remaining more than 3110 km (1680 n mi) offshore in the central Atlantic. The rip current impacts from Lorenzo led to efforts to increase communication and improve several products from the NWS offices in Wilmington and Morehead City, North Carolina. Efforts have also been made to increase the NWS reach into underserved communities and vulnerable populations, including translating rip current briefings into Spanish and developing a partnership with the North Carolina Division of Services for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. In the last few years, NWS Wilmington has begun messaging rip current outbreaks similar to other weather threats, such as potential severe weather events.
ENSINO MÉDIO E A CONSTRUÇÃO DOS PROJETOS DE VIDA DAS JUVENTUDES
Authors: Miszak Valença de Oliveira Luthiane , Dias da Silva Roberto Rafael
Published: December 2024

A pesquisa buscou investigar os sentidos formativos que estiveram presentes na construção dos projetos de vida, nas experiências dos sujeitos e nos currículos escolares do Ensino Médio nas últimas cinco décadas. Para a investigação utilizou-se 14 entrevistas narrativas com egressos do Ensino Médio à luz das contribuições teóricas de Ivor Goodson. Concluiu-se que o neoliberalismo tende a inviabilizar a construção de projetos de vida plurais e, portanto, adentramos a luta política em torno desse conceito, dos seus objetivos e dos caminhos para a sua construção, entendendo-os como projeto(s) de vida em/com e para a vida em sociedade.