bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-power laser in the prevention of induced oral mucositis in bone marrow transplantation patients: a randomized trial
Authors: Antunes Héliton Spíndola , de Azevedo Alexandre Mello , da Silva Bouzas Luiz Fernando , Adão Carlos Alberto Esteves , Pinheiro Claudia Tereza , Mayhe Renato , Pinheiro Lucia Helena , Azevedo Renato , D'Aiuto de Matos Valkiria , Rodrigues Pedro Carvalho , Small Isabele Avila , Zangaro Renato Amaro , Ferreira Carlos Gil
Published: October 2006

We investigated the clinical effects of low-power laser therapy (LPLT) on prevention and reduction of severity of conditioning-induced oral mucositis (OM) for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We randomized 38 patients who underwent autologous (AT) or allogeneic (AL) HSCT. A diode InGaAlP was used, emitting light at 660 nm, 50 mW, and 4 J/cm2, measured at the fiberoptic end with 0.196 cm2 of section area. The evaluation of OM was done using the Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale (OMAS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) scale. In the LPLT group, 94.7% of patients had an OM grade (WHO) lower than or equal to grade 2, including 63.2% with grade 0 and 1, whereas in the controls group, 31.5% of patients had an OM grade lower than or equal to grade 2 (P < .001). Remarkably, the hazard ratio (HR) for grades 2, 3, and 4 OM was 0.41 (range, 0.22-0.75; P = .002) and for grades 3 and 4 it was 0.07 (range, 0.11-0.53; P < .001). Using OMAS by the calculation of ulcerous area, 5.3% of the laser group presented with ulcers of 9.1 cm2 to 18 cm2, whereas 73.6% of the control group presented with ulcers from 9.1 cm2 to 18 cm2 (P = .003). Our results indicate that the use of upfront LPLT in patients who have undergone HSCT is a powerful instrument in reducing the incidence of OM and is now standard in our center.
Neutrophil elastase in cyclic and severe congenital neutropenia
Authors: Horwitz Marshall S. , Duan Zhijun , Korkmaz Brice , Lee Hu-Hui , Mealiffe Matthew E. , Salipante Stephen J.
Published: October 2006

Mutations in ELA2 encoding the neutrophil granule protease, neutrophil elastase (NE), are the major cause of the 2 main forms of hereditary neutropenia, cyclic neutropenia and severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). Genetic evaluation of other forms of neutropenia in humans and model organisms has helped to illuminate the role of NE. A canine form of cyclic neutropenia corresponds to human Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2 (HPS2) and results from mutations in AP3B1 encoding a subunit of a complex involved in the subcellular trafficking of vesicular cargo proteins (among which NE appears to be one). Rare cases of SCN are attributable to mutations in the transcriptional repressor Gfi1 (among whose regulatory targets also include ELA2). The ultimate biochemical consequences of the mutations are not yet known, however. Gene targeting of ELA2 has thus far failed to recapitulate neutropenia in mice. The cycling phenomenon and origins of leukemic transformation in SCN remain puzzling. Nevertheless, mutations in all 3 genes are capable of causing the mislocalization of NE and may also induce the unfolded protein response, suggesting that there might a convergent pathogenic mechanism focusing on NE.
Chest CT screening of asbestos-exposed workers: lung lesions and incidental findings
Authors: Vierikko T. , Järvenpää R. , Autti T. , Oksa P. , Huuskonen M. , Kaleva S. , Laurikka J. , Kajander S. , Paakkola K. , Saarelainen S. , Salomaa E-R. , Tossavainen A. , Tukiainen P. , Uitti J. , Vehmas T.
Published: October 2006

The objective of the present study is to determine the feasibility of chest computed tomography (CT) in screening for lung cancer among asbestos-exposed workers.

In total, 633 workers were included in the present study and were examined with chest radiography and high-resolution CT (HRCT). A total of 180 current and ex-smokers (cessation within the previous 10 yrs) were also screened with spiral CT. Noncalcified lung nodules were considered positive findings. The incidental CT findings not related to asbestos exposure were registered and further examined when needed.

Noncalcified lung nodules were detected in 86 workers. Five histologically confirmed lung cancers were found. Only one of the five cancers was also detected by plain chest radiography and three were from the group of patients with a pre-estimated lower cancer probability. Two lung cancers were stage Ia and were radically operated. In total, 277 individuals presented 343 incidental findings of which 46 required further examination. Four of these were regarded as clinically important.

In conclusion, computed tomography and high-resolution computed tomography proved to be superior to plain radiography in detecting lung cancer in asbestos-exposed workers with many confounding chest findings. The numerous incidental findings are a major concern for future screenings, which should be considered for asbestos-exposed ex-smokers and current smokers.
Novel design and controls for focused DNA microarrays: applications in quality assurance/control and normalization for the Health Canada ToxArray™
Authors: Yauk Carole L , Williams Andrew , Boucher Sherri , Berndt Lynn M , Zhou Gu , Zheng Jenny L , Rowan-Carroll Andrea , Dong Hongyan , Lambert Iain B , Douglas George R , Parfett Craig L
Published: October 2006

Background

Microarray normalizations typically apply methods that assume absence of global transcript shifts, or absence of changes in internal control features such as housekeeping genes. These normalization approaches are not appropriate for focused arrays with small sets of genes where a large portion may be expected to change. Furthermore, many microarrays lack control features that can be used for quality assurance (QA). Here, we describe a novel external control series integrated with a design feature that addresses the above issues.

Results

An EC dilution series that involves spike-in of a single concentration of the A. thaliana chlorophyll synthase gene to hybridize against spotted dilutions (0.000015 to 100 μM) of a single complimentary oligonucleotide representing the gene was developed. The EC series is printed in duplicate within each subgrid of the microarray and covers the full range of signal intensities from background to saturation. The design and placement of the series allows for QA examination of frequently encountered problems in hybridization (e.g., uneven hybridizations) and printing (e.g., cross-spot contamination). Additionally, we demonstrate that the series can be integrated with a LOWESS normalization to improve the detection of differential gene expression (improved sensitivity and predictivity) over LOWESS normalization on its own.

Conclusion

The quality of microarray experiments and the normalization methods used affect the ability to measure accurate changes in gene expression. Novel methods are required for normalization of small focused microarrays, and for incorporating measures of performance and quality. We demonstrate that dilution of oligonucleotides on the microarray itself provides an innovative approach allowing the full dynamic range of the scanner to be covered with a single gene spike-in. The dilution series can be used in a composite normalization to improve detection of differential gene expression and to provide quality control measures.
Continued evolution of HIV-1 circulating in blood monocytes with antiretroviral therapy: genetic analysis of HIV-1 in monocytes and CD4+ T cells of patients with discontinued therapy
Authors: Llewellyn Nick , Zioni Rafael , Zhu Haiying , Andrus Thomas , Xu Younong , Corey Lawrence , Zhu Tuofu
Published: October 2006

The role of blood monocytes in HIV-1 infection is a relatively new field of interest. What happens to HIV-1 in monocytes and their relationship to CD4+ T cells before, during, and after suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) is largely unstudied. Here, considering that diversity is a good indicator of continued replication over time, we evaluated the effect of ART on HIV-1 in blood monocytes and CD4+ T cells by examining the diversity of HIV-1 from 4 infected patients who underwent and stopped therapy. We determined diversity and compartmentalization of HIV-1 between blood monocytes and CD4+ T cells in each patient in relationship to their ART regimens. Our data indicate that the rate of HIV-1 diversity increase in monocytes during therapy was significantly higher than in CD4+ T cells (P<0.05), suggesting that HIV-1 present in monocytes diversify more during therapy than in CD4+ T cells. Increased rates of HIV-1 compartmentalization between monocytes and CD4+ T cells while on therapy were also observed. These results suggest that ART inhibits HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T cells more than in blood monocytes and that better treatments to combat HIV-1 in monocytes/macrophages may be needed for a more complete suppression of HIV replication.
Diazoxide Prevents Diabetes through Inhibiting Pancreatic β-Cells from Apoptosis via Bcl-2/Bax Rate and p38-β Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
Authors: Huang Qin , Bu Shizhong , Yu Yongwei , Guo Zhiyong , Ghatnekar Gautam , Bu Min , Yang Linhui , Lu Bin , Feng Zhengkang , Liu Shanrong , Wang Fengqi
Published: October 2006

Increased apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells plays an important role in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes. We examined the effect of diazoxide on pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and its potential mechanism in Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, an established animal model of human type 2 diabetes, at the prediabetic and diabetic stages. We found a significant increase with age in the frequency of apoptosis, the sequential enlargement of islets, and the proliferation of the connective tissue surrounding islets, accompanied with defective insulin secretory capacity and increased blood glucose in untreated OLETF rats. In contrast, diazoxide treatment (25 mg·kg−1·d−1, administered ip) inhibited β-cell apoptosis, ameliorated changes of islet morphology and insulin secretory function, and increased insulin stores significantly in islet β-cells whether diazoxide was used at the prediabetic or diabetic stage. Linear regression showed the close correlation between the frequency of apoptosis and hyperglycemia (r = 0.913; P < 0.0001). Further study demonstrated that diazoxide up-regulated Bcl-2 expression and p38β MAPK, which expressed at very low levels due to the high glucose, but not c-jun N-terminal kinase and ERK. Hence, diazoxide may play a critical role in protection from apoptosis. In this study, we demonstrate that diazoxide prevents the onset and development of diabetes in OLETF rats by inhibiting β-cell apoptosis via increasing p38β MAPK, elevating Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and ameliorating insulin secretory capacity and action.
Ghrelin Inhibits Apoptosis in Hypothalamic Neuronal Cells during Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation
Authors: Chung Hyunju , Kim Eunhee , Lee Dae Hee , Seo Sanghee , Ju Sunghee , Lee Dahm , Kim Hocheol , Park Seungjoon
Published: October 2006

Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor, produced and secreted mainly from the stomach. Ghrelin stimulates GH release and induces positive energy balances. Previous studies have reported that ghrelin inhibits apoptosis in several cell types, but its antiapoptotic effect in neuronal cells is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of ghrelin in ischemic neuronal injury using primary hypothalamic neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Here we report that treatment of hypothalamic neurons with ghrelin inhibited OGD-induced cell death and apoptosis. Exposure of neurons to ghrelin caused rapid activation of ERK1/2. Ghrelin-induced activation of ERK1/2 and the antiapoptotic effect of ghrelin were blocked by chemical inhibition of MAPK, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, protein kinase C, and protein kinase A. Ghrelin attenuated OGD-induced activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p-38 but not ERK1/2. We also investigated ghrelin regulation of apoptosis at the mitochondrial level. Ghrelin protected cells from OGD insult by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation and stabilizing mitochondrial transmembrane potential. In addition, ghrelin-treated cells showed an increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, prevention of cytochrome c release, and inhibition of caspase-3 activation. Finally, in vivo administration of ghrelin significantly reduced infarct volume in an animal model of ischemia. Our data indicate that ghrelin may act as a survival factor that preserves mitochondrial integrity and inhibits apoptotic pathways.
The dynamics of recycled acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction in vivo
Authors: Bruneau Emile G. , Akaaboune Mohammed
Published: October 2006

At the peripheral neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a significant number of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) recycle back into the postsynaptic membrane after internalization to intermingle with not-yet-internalized`pre-existing' AChRs. However, the way in which these receptor pools are maintained and regulated at the NMJ in living animals remains unknown. Here,we demonstrate that recycled receptors in functional synapses are removed approximately four times faster than pre-existing receptors, and that most removed recycled receptors are replaced by new recycled ones. In denervated NMJs, the recycling of AChRs is significantly depressed and their removal rate increased, whereas direct muscle stimulation prevents their loss. Furthermore,we show that protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors cause the selective accumulation of recycled AChRs in the peri-synaptic membrane without affecting the pre-existing AChR pool. The inhibition of serine/threonine phosphatases,however, has no effect on AChR recycling. These data show that recycled receptors are remarkably dynamic, and suggest a potential role for tyrosine dephosphorylation in the insertion and maintenance of recycled AChRs at the postsynaptic membrane. These findings may provide insights into long-term recycling processes at less accessible synapses in the central nervous system in vivo.
CPEB controls oocyte growth and follicle development in the mouse
Authors: Racki Waldemar J. , Richter Joel D.
Published: October 2006

CPEB is a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that regulates polyadenylation-induced translation. In Cpeb knockout mice, meiotic progression is disrupted at pachytene due to inhibited translation of synaptonemal complex protein mRNAs. To assess the function of CPEB after pachytene, we used the zona pellucida 3 (Zp3) promoter to generate transgenic mice expressing siRNA that induce the destruction of CpebmRNA. Oocytes from these animals do not develop normally; they undergo parthenogenetic cell division in the ovary, exhibit abnormal polar bodies, are detached from the cumulus granulosa cell layer, and display spindle and nuclear anomalies. In addition, many follicles contain apoptotic granulosa cells. CPEB binds several oocyte mRNAs, including Smad1, Smad5,spindlin, Bub1b, Mos, H1foo, Obox1, Dnmt1o, TiParp, Trim61 and Gdf9, a well described oocyte-expressed growth factor that is necessary for follicle development. In Cpeb knockdown oocytes, Gdf9 RNA has a shortened poly(A) tail and reduced expression. These data indicate that CPEB controls the expression of Gdf9 mRNA, which in turn is necessary for oocyte-follicle development. Finally, several phenotypes, i.e. progressive oocyte loss and infertility, elicited by the knockdown of CPEB in oocytes resemble those of the human premature ovarian failure syndrome.
Self-induced penomegaly
Authors: Markos A R
Published: October 2006

A 56-year-old Caucasian man applied elastic bands to the penile base to overcome flaccidity of the glans during erection. He continued the practice over 25 years, which lead to lymphoedema, fibrosis and consequently penomegaly. Erection was not compromised otherwise.
A review of policy change regarding how patients access their HIV test results at two genitourinary medicine services in Central London
Authors: Wright S J , Kell P D , Tobin R , Breen Eamann
Published: October 2006

A retrospective note audit was carried out across two genitourinary (GU) medicine services in Central London to review a radical change in policy one year after its implementation that allows patients assessed as low risk for HIV infection to receive their HIV result by post. Sixteen patients tested positive across the two clinics but had arranged to receive their results by post. Their recall management and outcomes are discussed.
Atelectatic tympanic membrane reversal by nitrous oxide supplemented general anesthesia and polyethylene ventilation tube insertion. A preliminary report
Authors: Graham Malcolm D. , Knight Paul R.
Published: October 2006

In certain instances an adherent atelectatic tympanic membrane (Sade Stage IV) may be successfully elevated off the promontory and ossicles by the use of nitrous oxide anesthesia and restored to a normal position and configuration by polyethylene ventilation tube insertion. Criteria of reversibility and long term follow‐up of the tympanic membranes so restored remain to be elucidated.
The loose wire syndrome
Authors: Mcgee T. Manford
Published: October 2006

The loose wire syndrome occurs in patients who have had stapedectomy surgery and insertion of a prosthesis which attaches to the long process of the incus by means of a crimped wire. The syndrome consists of a triad of one or more symptoms which improve temporarily with middle ear inflation. These include improvement in auditory acuity, in distortion of sound, and in speech discrimination. Forty‐three patients were studied for age, sex, and symptom distribution, and for results of corrective surgery. In all cases, a loose wire at its attachment to the incus was found and corrective survery (tightening of the wire) was performed. Objectively and subjectively all but two patients were relieved of their symptoms.
Primary syphilis of the tonsil: Presentation of four cases
Authors: Viers Wayne A.
Published: October 2006

Primary syphilis of the tonsil is presented in four cases where darkfield examination of a suspected chancre was positiye. All subjects admitted to recent oral sexual contact. Serological tests confirmed the diagnosis in three of the cases.

The importance of confirming the diagnosis prior to informing the patient of the diagnosis and starting treatment is discussed in this paper.
Necrotizing sialometaplasia in the setting of acute and chronic sinusitis
Authors: Granich Mark S. , Pilch Ben Z.
Published: October 2006

Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a benign lesion that may be mistaken for mucoepidermoid or squamous cell carcinoma. A case report is presented in which necrotizing sialometaplasia was noted as an incidental finding in the setting of acute and chronic sinusitis. It is critical to recognize the lesion as benign so as to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment.
Time‐related alteration of endolymph composition in an experimental model of endolymphatic hydrops
Authors: Sziklai Istvan , Ferrary Evelyne , Horner Kathleen C. , Sterkers Olivier , Amiel Claude
Published: October 2006

The electrochemical changes of the inner ear fluids were studied in the guinea pig during the development of endolymphatic hydrops in an experimental model of Meniere's disease obtained by the blockage of the vestibular aqueduct. The endocochlear potential (first and third turns) was recorded, and the sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations, and osmolality of the endolymph (first and third turns) and perilymph were determined at different intervals from 2 to 24 weeks after the induction of the hydrops. The development of hydrops was monitored by the compound action potential once a week during the observation period. In normal, nonoperated guinea pigs, longitudinal endolymphatic gradients of endocochlear potential, potassium and chloride concentrations, and osmolality, increasing from the apex to the base of the cochlea, were observed. After 2 weeks of hydrops, no alteration of this pattern was detected. After 6 and 9 weeks of hydrops, a progressive decrease of endocochlear potential, potassium and chloride concentrations, and osmolality was noticed at the first turn (6 and 9 weeks) and then at the third turn (9 weeks) which resulted in the disappearance of longitudinal gradients. At 24 weeks, the endocochlear potential was still diminished by 60%, whereas potassium and chloride concentrations and osmolality increased as compared to 9‐week values but remained lower than in controls. The changes in composition of endolymph induced by the development of the hydrops could be related to the progressive alteration of the ionic permeability of the cochlear epithelium, which should be localized at the distended Reissner's membrane.
Monocyte Tumor Necrosis Factor Production in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Gallo Oreste , Pinto Stefania , Boccuzzi Simone , Dilaghi Maurizio , Gallina Ezio , Attanasio Monica , Gori Anna Maria , Martini Francesca , Abbate Rosanna
Published: October 2006

Changes in monocyte and macrophage function have been demonstrated in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tumor necrosis factor (TNT) production by activated monocytes from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and to evaluate its relation to cancer stage, weight loss, and performance status. Monocytes from patients (n = 10) and controls (n = 10) were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by plastic adherence and incubated with lipopolysaccharide (10 μg/mL). The TNF concentration of supernatants was assayed by TNFα‐specific immunoassay. The TNF production by monocytes from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients was significantly higher (P<.001) than those of controls. No significant relationship was found to cancer stage, weight loss, and performance status. These findings indicate that, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, an increased TNF production by activated monocytes takes place which does not correlate with cancer stage, cancer‐related weight loss, and performance status.
Achieving Marketing Objectives through Social Sponsorships
Authors: Simmons Carolyn J. , Becker-Olsen Karen L.
Published: October 2006

The corporate social responsibility literature has focused on creating broad associations, such as simply being “socially responsible,” and on the simple transfer of positive affect from sponsored causes to sponsoring firms. Both views fail to recognize the power of social initiatives as a means for differentiating among socially responsible firms and, in particular, for reinforcing the brand's positioning. The authors adopt a more traditional branding perspective and show that the fit between a firm's specific associations and a sponsored cause can reinforce or blur the firm's positioning, influence liking for the sponsorship, and bolster or undermine the firm's equity. They also show that communications decisions can mitigate the negative effects of low fit. Finally, they show that sponsorship effects can persist for as long as a year despite day-to-day exposure to other brand communications.
The Prevalence and Correlates of Occupational Injuries in Small‐Scale Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Nakata Akinori , Ikeda Tomoko , Takahashi Masaya , Haratani Takashi , Hojou Minoru , Swanson Naomi G. , Fujioka Yosei , Araki Shunichi
Published: October 2006

The Prevalence and Correlates of Occupational Injuries in Small‐Scale Manufacturing Enterprises: Akinori Nakata, et al. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health—Workers involved in small‐scale manufacturing businesses are known to comprise a high‐risk population for occupational injury. The present study investigated the prevalence and correlates of occupational injury in this population. A self‐administered questionnaire that solicited answers about occupational information including injury, demographic characteristics, health conditions and lifestyle factors was collected from a sample of 1,298 workers in 228 small‐scale manufacturing enterprises (defined as fewer than 50 workers) aged 16–78 (mean 46) yr in Yashio city, Saitama, Japan (response rate 65.5%). The enterprises were randomly selected from the 2000 edition of the city commercial directory corresponding to the distribution of types of businesses in the city. Occupational injury was assessed by asking subjects, ‘Have you ever been injured during your work, including minor scratches and cuts in the previous 1‐yr period?’ The possible response was either ‘yes’ or ‘no.’ The prevalence of study‐defined occupational injury among the workers was 35.6% (male 43.0%, female 17.9%). Among job types, manufacturing (44.2%) and driving (43.5%) had high rates of occupational injuries. Similarly, occupational injuries were high in the papermaking (54.5%) and machinery (47.7%) industries. For males, younger age, current or former smoking, insomnia symptoms, and disease(s) currently under treatment were correlated with injury, whereas for females, being unmarried, higher educational status, and insomnia symptoms were the correlating factors. Occupational injury is common among small‐scale manufacturing businesses, and is associated with multiple controllable factors. Countermeasures such as prohibiting smoking during work, sleep health education, job safety training for young/inexperienced workers are appropriate methods for eliminating or reducing injuries.
Application of real-time rt-pcr utilising lux (light upon extension) fluorogenic primer for the rapid detection of avian influenza viruses
Authors: Kiss I. , Germán P. , Sámi L. , Antal Márta , Farkas T. , Kardos G. , Kecskeméti S. , Dán Á. , Belák S.
Published: October 2006

A real-time RT-PCR assay utilising light upon extension fluorogenic primer (LUX RT-PCR) was developed for the rapid and efficient detection of avian influenza viruses (AIV). The assay detected each of the AIV isolates tested (16/16) and gave negative results with heterologous pathogens (17/17). The detection limit of the assay proved to be 10-0.5 EID50/0.2 ml and 101.5 EID50/0.2 ml in allantoic fluid of virus-infected embryonated chicken eggs and in spiked chicken faeces samples, respectively. Based on its specificity, sensitivity and relative simplicity, the LUX RT-PCR assay provides a novel, rapid and cost-effective diagnostic tool for avian influenza surveillance and monitoring programs.
Andersen syndrome: an association of periodic paralysis, cardiac arrhythmia and dysmorphic abnormalities
Authors: Tengan Célia H. , Antunes Antonio C. , Bauab José R. , Prado Gilmar F. , Manzano Gilberto M. , Gabbai Alberto A.
Published: October 2006

Andersen syndrome (AS) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of periodic paralysis (PP), cardiac arrhythmia and dysmorphic abnormalities. We report herein the first Brazilian patient presenting AS who also had obesity, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and daytime sleepiness. Clinical and genetic evaluation of six family members demonstrated that four had dysmorphic abnormalities but none had PP or cardiac arrhythmia. Sequencing of KCNJ2 revealed the R218W mutation in the index patient and her 6-year-old daughter, who presented dysmorphic abnormalities (micrognathia, clinodactyly of fourth and fifth fingers, short stature) and OSA. Three relatives had clinodactyly as the only manifestation but the R218W mutation was absent, suggesting that this characteristic may be influenced by another gene. OSA accompanied by dysmorphic features may be related to AS.
Características morfológicas do lobo da ínsula em pacientes portadores de epilepsia do lobo temporal medial
Authors: Chaddad Neto Feres , Oliveira Evandro de , Paschoal Eric , Cendes Fernando , Santana Filho Mário
Published: October 2006

A esclerose medial temporal (EMT) é caracterizada pela esclerose hipocampal e diferentes graus de acometimento das estruturas vizinhas como amígdala, giro parahipocampal e córtex entorrinal. O estudo avaliou 40 indivíduos com EMT e 40 do grupo controle. Os casos foram avaliados por um método para as medidas da ínsula (E-Film) e outro método para o cálculo do volume (Neuroline). Não houve diferença estatística de alteração de volume e das medidas do lobo da ínsula nos pacientes portadores de EMT. O estudo não demonstrou alteração morfológica da ínsula quando comparado os dois grupos.
Paracoccidioidomicose em hemisfério cerebral e tronco encefálico: relato de caso
Authors: Leal Filho Manoel Baldoino , Borges Guilherme , Silva Jr Raimundo Gerônimo da , Aguiar Aline de Almeida Xavier , Almeida Bruno Ribeiro de , Vieira Marcelo Adriano da Cunha e Silva , Pinheiro Luciana Maria Ribeiro
Published: October 2006

Relata-se sobre um homem de 36 anos com passagem quatro anos antes pela selva amazônica. Admitido após seis meses do aparecimento progressivo de tetraparesia, ataxia de marcha, disfagia, disartria, dispnéia e soluço. A ressonância magnética revelou lesão parietoccipital à direita e no bulbo, sendo esta última maior. Investigações para tuberculose e síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida tiveram resultados negativos. Foi submetido a microcirurgia da lesão do bulbo. O estudo anatomopatológico revelou paracoccidioidomicose. Recebeu tratamento com anfotericina B até 2100 mg, e sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim por três meses, e fisioterapia. Voltou às atividades após seis meses do término do tratamento. Comenta-se sobre a participação do sistema imunológico e das citocinas (interleucinas).
Down syndrome with congenital hydrocephalus: case report
Authors: Forcelini Cassiano Mateus , Mallmann Adroaldo Baseggio , Crusius Paulo Sérgio , Seibert Cláudio Albano , Crusius Marcelo Ughini , Zandoná Denise Isabel , Carazzo Charles , Crusius Cassiano Ughini , Goellner Eduardo , Ragnini Jean , Manzato Luciano Bambini , Winkelmann Gustavo , Lima Aline Vieira , Bauermann Manfred Georg
Published: October 2006

Down syndrome is the most frequent genetic cause of mental retardation. Although usually presenting dysmorphic features and organ malformations, it is rarely associated with congenital hydrocephalus. The case of male neonate whose hydrocephalus was detected since the pregnancy and was discovered to have the syndrome at birth is reported. Chromosomal analysis confirmed the genetic disorder, and hydrocephalus was treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt because of abnormal increase of head circumference. The patient has been accompanied and his development is considered normal when compared to the expected for those affected by the syndrome.
Aplicação de enxofre em cobertura no feijoeiro em sistema de plantio direto
Authors: Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa , Soratto Rogério Peres , Silva Laerte Marques da , Lemos Leandro Borges
Published: October 2006

Em lavouras de feijão, principalmente em cultivos com alta tecnologia, não tem sido dada a devida atenção ao fornecimento adequado de enxofre (S), utilizando doses subestimadas ou não aplicando o elemento via adubação, o que pode estar sendo um fator limitante ao incremento de produtividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da aplicação de S em cobertura na nutrição, nos componentes da produção e na produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro, em sistema de plantio direto (SPD). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco doses de S (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 kg ha-1) aplicados em cobertura no estádio V4, tendo como fonte o sulfato de amônio. Aplicação de S em cobertura aumentou o teor do elemento nas folhas, a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea, o número vagens por planta e a produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro em SPD. Em lavouras com alto nível tecnológico, a produtividade de grãos de feijão pode estar sendo limitado pela utilização de doses insuficientes de enxofre.
Variação de graus-dias em Piracicaba (SP), em anos de El Niño e La Niña
Authors: Prela Angélica , Lozada Garcia Beatriz Ibet , Pereira Antonio Roberto
Published: October 2006

Foi estudada a relação entre El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS) e graus-dia (GD) para Piracicaba (SP), no período de 1950 a 2001. Quando se avaliou GD em anos de ocorrência de El Niño, utilizando valores médios, observou-se desvios principalmente, positivos e em anos de ocorrência de La Niña, desvios positivos no 1.º semestre e negativos no 2.º semestre. No entanto, quando se analisou GD em anos isolados de ocorrência de cada fenômeno, observou-se variação nos resultados de acordo com ano e intensidade do fenômeno. Não foi observada influência generalizada de ENOS em relação a GD.
Padronização das técnicas de secção do nervo facial e de avaliação da mímica facial em ratos
Authors: Faria Simone Damasceno de , Testa José Ricardo Gurgel , Borin Andrei , Toledo Ronaldo N.
Published: October 2006

OBJETIVOS: Padronização da técnica de secção do nervo facial extratemporal em ratos e elaboração de uma escala de avaliação da mímica facial desses animais antes e após essa secção. TIPO DE ESTUDO: Experimental. MÉTODO: Vinte ratos Wistar foram anestesiados com xilasina e ketamina e submetidos à secção do nervo facial próximo à sua emergência pelo forame mastóideo na pele. Todos os animais foram avaliados. Foram observados: fechamento ocular, reflexo de piscamento, movimentação e posicionamento das vibrissas, e foi elaborada uma escala de avaliação e graduação destes parâmetros. RESULTADOS: O tronco do nervo facial foi encontrado entre a margem tendinosa do músculo clavotrapézio e a cartilagem auricular. O tronco foi seccionado proximal à sua saída pelo forame mastóideo e os cotos foram suturados com nylon 9-0. Foi elaborada uma escala de avaliação e graduação da mímica facial independente para olho e vibrissa e a somatória dos parâmetros, como forma de avaliar a face paralisada. A ausência de piscamento e de fechamento ocular recebeu valor 1; a presença de contração do músculo orbicular, sem reflexo de piscamento, valor 2; fechamento ocular de 50% através de reflexo de piscamento, valor 3, o fechamento de 75%, valor 4. A presença de reflexo de piscamento com fechamento ocular completo recebeu valor 5. A ausência de movimento e posição posterior das vibrissas recebeu pontuação 1; tremor leve e posição posterior, pontuação 2; tremor maior e posição posterior, pontuação 3 e movimento normal com posição posterior, pontuação 4. A movimentação simétrica das vibrissas, com posição anterior recebeu pontuação 5. CONCLUSÃO: O rato apresenta anatomia que permite fácil acesso ao nervo facial extratemporal, possibilitando secção e sutura desse nervo de forma padronizada. Também foi possível estabelecer uma escala de avaliação e graduação da mímica facial dos ratos com paralisia facial a partir da observação clínica desses animais.
Regulação no Brasil: desenho das agências e formas de controle
Authors: Pacheco Regina Silvia
Published: October 2006

Este artigo discute a gênese das agências reguladoras (ARs) no Brasil, as propostas para revisão do modelo e as distintas formas de controle sobre estes novos entes, dotados de autonomia. No processo de criação das ARs, entre 1996 e 2002, o modelo adotado para a área de infra-estrutura foi indevidamente estendido às demais agências. Tal inadequação não foi corrigida nas propostas de revisão do modelo, encaminhadas pelo novo governo ao Congresso. Após fazer as distinções necessárias entre a experiência dos EUA e o contexto brasileiro, o artigo recupera, da experiência norte-americana, a distinção entre várias formas de controle (hierárquico, político e social). No Brasil, no debate sobre o grau de autonomia das ARs são confundidas as formas de controle, muito freqüentemente denominando "controle político" aquilo que é de fato controle hierárquico, e "controle social" como sinônimo de controle político. Para a autora, não há antinomia entre independência da agência e controle político, mas sim entre controle hierárquico e independência; também não é apropriado confundir controle social e controle político. A criação das agências sob um modelo único e a indistinção entre as formas de controle podem ser explicadas pela combinação de características do sistema político-institucional brasileiro, com preferências e resistências de atores intragovernamentais - especialmente do Executivo federal.
Agências regulatórias e federalismo: a gestão descentralizada da regulação no setor de energia
Authors: Olivieri Cecília
Published: October 2006

Este artigo explora o tema da relação entre regulação e federalismo, a partir do estudo da descentralização das atividades de regulação e fiscalização na área de energia elétrica no Brasil. O artigo faz um balanço descritivo da criação das agências nos níveis estadual e municipal, destacando o grande número de agências criadas a partir de 1997, e analisa os principais estudos sobre a origem e as características desse processo. A disputa entre União e estados sobre a criação da figura da descentralização das atividades de regulação e fiscalização foi aspecto central do processo de elaboração da lei de criação da Aneel. O artigo mostra o papel dessa disputa na formatação do desenho institucional da Aneel e afirma que ela se caracteriza como um dos fatores explicativos da gênese e da governança das agências reguladoras no Brasil, em especial na área de energia elétrica. A partir de um balanço das atividades descentralizadas de regulação e fiscalização na área de energia, foram levantadas questões referentes à gestão da descentralização, em relação tanto às agências subnacionais, responsáveis pelas atividades regulatórias complementares, quanto às agências nacionais, que coordenam essas atividades.
Análise comparativa do desenho normativo de instituições reguladoras do presente e do passado
Authors: Gelis Filho Antonio
Published: October 2006

Este artigo desenvolve um modelo matricial para avaliação do desenho normativo de instituições reguladoras do presente e do passado (autarquias econômicas da república "populista"). Desenho normativo é definido como o conjunto de possibilidades de estruturação e de atuação de uma instituição que é delimitado pelas normas jurídicas que a criaram. O modelo é estruturado a partir de dois parâmetros principais: independência em relação ao poder central e transparência em relação à sociedade. Foram testadas cinco hipóteses, concluindo-se que as instituições reguladoras do presente apresentam desenhos normativos heterogêneos e que se distinguem de instituições do passado tanto por maior independência quanto por maior transparência, sendo a diferença mais acentuada em relação ao segundo parâmetro.
Instituições do Estado e políticas de regulação e incentivo ao cinema no Brasil: o caso Ancine e Ancinav
Authors: Fornazari Fabio Kobol
Published: October 2006

Este artigo analisa as políticas públicas de regulação, fiscalização e incentivo à indústria audiovisual no Brasil, a partir da criação da Agência Nacional do Cinema (Ancine). Pela perspectiva das transformações recentes no aparato institucional do Estado brasileiro, o artigo estuda a especificidade de uma agência reguladora criada para atuar nesse setor de política pública. Analisa o panorama histórico da relação entre Estado e cinema no Brasil, bem como os resultados concretos e o significado estratégico da atuação da agência, e compara os modelos institucionais de regulação do setor em outros países selecionados: Argentina, México, França e Reino Unido. Além disso, avalia o debate sobre a mudança no perfil e escopo da agência, com sua possível substituição pela Agência Nacional do Cinema e do Audiovisual (Ancinav) e a forma polêmica pela qual esta proposta foi recebida pela comunidade cultural e cinematográfica. Finalmente, o artigo interpreta o que constitui, nessa experiência brasileira, um aparato institucional a que dá o nome de "agência articuladora de política pública setorial".
Estado atual do problema da poliomielite no Município de São Paulo
Authors: Barbosa Victório
Published: October 2006

Estudo do problema da poliomielite no município de São Paulo, desde 1933 até 1967, dando ênfase ao período de 1962 a 1967, quando é analisada a relação entre a variação da incidência da doença em tela e as campanhas de vacinação em massa com a vacina de vírus vivos atenuados, então relizadas. Com base nos dados apresentados, conclue-se que no ano de 1967, em que o coeficiente de morbidade por 100.000 habitantes por poliomielite foi de 0,6, foi possível se conseguir o controle dessa doença em nossa Capital.
Desigualdade social e mortalidade precoce por doenças cardiovasculares no Brasil
Authors: Ishitani Lenice Harumi , Franco Glaura da Conceição , Perpétuo Ignez Helena Oliva , França Elisabeth
Published: October 2006

OBJETIVO: Investigar associação entre alguns indicadores de nível socioeconômico e mortalidade de adultos por doenças cardiovasculares no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os óbitos de adultos (35 a 64 anos), ocorridos entre 1999 a 2001, por doenças cardiovasculares, e pelos subgrupos das doenças isquêmicas do coração e doenças cerebrovasculares-hipertensivas, obtidos no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. Foram selecionados para análise 98 municípios brasileiros, com melhor qualidade de informação. Para analisar a associação entre indicadores socioeconômicos e a mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares, foi utilizada a regressão linear simples e múltipla. RESULTADOS: Na análise univariada, verificou-se associação negativa para a mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares e o subgrupo das cerebrovasculares-hipertensivas com renda e escolaridade, e associação direta com taxa de pobreza e condições precárias de moradia. Quanto às doenças isquêmicas, houve associação inversa com taxa de pobreza e escolaridade, e direta com condições precárias de moradia. A escolaridade, após ajuste pelo modelo de regressão linear múltipla, permaneceu associada à mortalidade pela doença investigada e seus subgrupos. A cada ponto percentual de aumento na proporção de adultos com alta escolaridade, a taxa de mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares diminui em 3,25 por 100.000 habitantes. CONCLUSÕES: A análise da mortalidade dos municípios mostrou que a associação entre doenças cardiovasculares e fatores socioeconômicos é inversa, destacando-se a escolaridade. É provável que melhor escolaridade possibilite melhores condições de vida e, conseqüentemente, impacto positivo na mortalidade precoce.
Autonomy of long-stay psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Wagner Luciane Carniel , Fleck Marcelo Pio de Almeida , Wagner Mário , Dias Míriam Thaís Guterres
Published: October 2006

OBJECTIVE: To assess personal autonomy of long-stay psychiatric inpatients, to identify those patients who could be discharged and to evaluate the impact of sociodemographic variables, social functioning, and physical disabilities on their autonomy was also assessed. METHODS: A total of 584 long-stay individuals of a psychiatric hospital (96% of the hospital population) in Southern Brazil was assessed between July and August 2002. The following instruments, adapted to the Brazilian reality, were used: independent living skills survey, social behavioral schedule, and questionnaire for assessing physical disability. RESULTS: Patients showed severe impairment of their personal autonomy, especially concerning money management, work-related skills and leisure, food preparation, and use of transportation. Autonomy deterioration was associated with length of stay (OR=1.02), greater physical disability (OR=1.54; p=0.01), and male gender (OR=3.11; p<0.001). The risk estimate of autonomy deterioration was 23 times greater among those individuals with severe impairment of social functioning (95% CI: 10.67-49.24). CONCLUSIONS: In-patients studied showed serious impairment of autonomy. While planning these patients' discharge their deficits should be taken into consideration. Assessment of patients' ability to function and to be autonomous helps in identifying their needs for care and to evaluate their actual possibilities of social reinsertion.
Achados neurológicos e laboratoriais em população de área endêmica para teníase-cisticercose, Lagamar, MG, Brasil (1992-1993)
Authors: Silva-Vergara Mario León , Vieira Cláudio de Oliveira , Castro João Henrique , Micheletti Luciane Giroto , Otaño Arturo Santana , Franquini Jr. João , Cabral Marinice , Leboreiro Alfredo , Marques Jaime Olavo , Souza Wandir Ferreira de , Costa-Cruz Julia Maria , Prata Aluízio
Published: October 2006

Realizou-se um inquérito clínico-epidemiológico em área endêmica para teníase-cisticercose. Foram examinados 1080 (32,2%) indivíduos da população total, encontrando-se 198 (18,3%) indivíduos referindo antecedente de teníase, e 103 (9,5%) apresentaram história anterior ou atual de convulsões. Destes últimos, 39 (37,8%) referiram início das crises na vida adulta, e 62 (60%) foram avaliados laboratorialmente. Em 21 (33,8%) casos, o resultado da tomografia mostrou calcificações intracranianas compatíveis com neurocisticercose, em número e localização variáveis, mas sem evidência de atividade da doença. Traçados eletroencefalográficos anormais foram lidos em 21 (33,8%) pacientes e alterações no exame do líquido cefalorraquiano (LCR) detectadas em 27 (43,5%), em 3 (4,8%) foi verificada presença de eosinófilos. Somente LCR de 26 (41,9%) pacientes foram submetidos a pesquisa de anticorpos para cisticerco, obtendo-se positividade em 6 (23%) deles, por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) ou reação de imunofluorescência indireta. Outras alterações do LCR foram devidas a aumento variável das proteínas. Considerando-se os fatores epidemiológicos de risco para teníase-cisticercose na região estudada e sua correlação com as alterações laboratoriais mencionadas acima com as crises convulsivas, encontra-se uma provável prevalência de 1,9% para a neurocisticercose.
Chagas' disease in the Brazilian Amazon: I - a short review
Authors: Coura José Rodrigues , Junqueira Angela Cristina Verissimo , Giordano Cristina Maria , Funatsu Ilra Renata Komoda
Published: October 2006

At least eighteen species of triatominae have been found in the Brazilian Amazon, nine of them naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi or "cruzi-like" trypanosomes and associated with numerous wild reservoirs. Despite the small number of human cases of Chagas' disease described to date in the Brazilian Amazon the risk that the disease will become endemic in this area is increasing for the following reasons: a) uncontrolled deforestation and colonization altering the ecological balance between reservoir hosts and wild vectors; b) the adaptation of reservoir hosts of T.cruzi and wild vectors to peripheral and intradomiciliary areas, as the sole feeding alternative; c) migration of infected human population from endemic areas, accompanied by domestic reservoir hosts (dogs and cats) or accidentally carrying in their baggage vectors already adapted to the domestic habitat. In short, risks that Chagas' disease will become endemic to the Amazon appear to be linked to the transposition of the wild cycle to the domestic cycle in that area or to transfer of the domestic cycle from endemic areas to the Amazon.
Auricular chromoblastomycosis: case report
Authors: Bittencourt Achiléa Lisboa , Londero Alberto T. , Andrade Jacy A. F.
Published: October 2006

It is presented a case of auricular chromoblastomycosis mimicking an eczematous lesion. The authors refer the rarity of this localization. All reported cases of auricular chromoblastomycosis have been caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi but in the present case the etiologic agent was Phialophora verrucosa.
Notas sobre o Trypanosoma cruzi e suas características bio-ecológicas, como agente de enfermidades transmitidas por alimentos
Authors: Dias João Carlos Pinto
Published: October 2006

São revistas evidências experimentais e observações de terreno que demonstram a transmissão do Trypanosoma cruzi ao homem e vários mamíferos pela via oral, que ocorre especialmente no ciclo enzoótico do parasita. Vários tipos de alimentos e veículos de carreamento do flagelado têm sido implicados nesta modalidade de transmissão, geralmente sendo os casos humanos relacionados com triatomíneos infectados nas imediações do evento. Sumariam-se as vias de penetração (mucosas da boca, esôfago, estômago e intestino) e se descrevem os principais eventos anatomopatológicos, tais como fenômenos hemorrágicos, mesenterite e hepatite intersticial. Em particular são analisados aspectos da biologia e da bioquímica do parasita, com vistas à epidemiologia da transmissão oral e às possibilidades de sua prevenção na doença de Chagas.