bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moment magnitude estimates for central Anatolian earthquakes using coda waves
Authors: Eken Tuna
Published: May 2019

Abstract. A proper estimate of
moment magnitude, which is a physical measure of the energy released at an
earthquake source, is essential for better seismic hazard assessments in
tectonically active regions. Here a coda wave modeling approach that enables
the source displacement spectrum modeling of the examined event was used to
estimate moment magnitudes of central Anatolia earthquakes. To achieve this
aim, three-component waveforms of local earthquakes with magnitudes 2.0≤ML≤5.2 recorded at 69 seismic stations, which were operated
between 2013 and 2015 within the framework of the Continental
Dynamics–Central Anatolian Tectonics (CD–CAT) passive seismic experiment,
were utilized. An inversion on the coda wave traces of each selected single
event in the database was performed in five different frequency bands between
0.75 and 12 Hz. The resultant moment magnitudes (Mw coda)
exhibit a good agreement with routinely reported local magnitude
(ML) estimates for the study area. Apparent move-out that is
particularly significant around the scattered variation of
ML–Mw coda data points for small earthquakes
(ML < 3.5) can be explained by possible biases of wrong
assumptions to account for anelastic attenuation and seismic recordings with
a finite sampling interval. Finally, I present an empirical relation between
Mw coda and ML for central Anatolian earthquakes.
The social gradient in stress and depressive symptoms among adolescent girls: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Lund Janne , Andersen Anders J.W. , Haugland Siri H.
Published: May 2019

Aim: Socioeconomic inequality is found to negatively influence mental health, but studies investigating the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and specific common mental health problems such as stress and depressive symptoms in the general adolescent population are needed. Moreover, gender gaps in mental health among adolescents are evident, but there is a lack of studies that investigate socioeconomic differences in mental health within genders. As girls report consistently more depressive symptoms than do boys, this systematic review specifically investigates whether socioeconomic status is associated with stress and depressive symptoms among adolescent girls in the general population.Methods: Eligible studies according to predefined inclusion criteria were identified from Medline, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Science, Svemed+ and Idunn. Eight studies were identified, whereby only two measured stress; hence, the evidence base for stress was too limited to perform an analysis. A narrative synthesis was conducted of the six studies that measured depressive symptoms.Results: A significant inverse social gradient in depressive symptoms among adolescent girls was revealed in all studies that applied parental employment status and perceived financial difficulties as SES measures, while parental educational level and Family Affluence Scale (FAS) gave inconsistent results. The relatively low number of studies may limit interpretation.Conclusions: Depressive symptoms were more common among adolescent girls with low SES compared to girls with higher SES. SES measures should be applied with care in studies of populations of adolescent girls, as the results can vary based on the chosen indicator. Actions to reduce depressive symptoms among adolescent girls in the general population should include targeting socioeconomic inequalities.
Comparison of risk-behaviors among young people who are not in education, employment or training (NEET) versus high school students. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Stea Tonje H. , De Ridder Karin , Haugland Siri Håvås
Published: May 2019

Background: Young people who are not in education, employment or training (NEET) have been identified as a vulnerable group at risk of poor social functioning, lower educational achievement, limited job opportunities and financial hardship. Being NEET has also been associated with increased risk of mental and physical health problems, but only a few studies have identified the prevalence of certain health-risk behaviors among NEET youth. The present study contributes to fill the existing knowledge gaps by investigating a broad range of risk behaviors in this vulnerable group compared to their high school peers.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 96 NEET youth and 384 age and gender-matched high school students. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess differences in several risk behaviors, including substance use, low consumption of healthy food and high consumption of unhealthy food and beverages, low leisure time physical activity and low sleep duration. Logistic regression models were adjusted for gender, age and parental education.Results: NEET youth had higher odds of using cannabis (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1-4.3), smokeless tobacco (1.7;1.0-2.8), smoking cigarettes (2.6;1.5-4.4), having an irregular consumption of breakfast (2.6;1.5-4.5), lunch (3.1;1.8-5.4) and dinner (1.9;1.1-3.2), having low consumption of vegetables (3.0;1.3-6.7), fruit and berries (5.3;1.6-18.1) and fish (3.0;1.8-5.1) and short sleep duration on weekends (2.6;1.4-4.9) than students. On the other hand, being NEET was associated with decreased odds of short sleep duration on weekdays compared to their high school peers (0.3;0.2-0.5). No differences in alcohol intoxication, consumption frequency of evening meals, consumption of unhealthy food items and beverages and leisure time physical activity were shown between these groups.Conclusions: NEET youth have higher odds of using tobacco, short sleep duration on weekends and lower consumption of healthy food items including vegetables, fruit and fish compared to high school students. These results contribute to identify risk behaviors that are more prevalent among NEET youth compared to students and needs to be addressed through targeted intervention studies.
Promoting academic achievement within a positive youth development framework
Authors: Beck Marianne , Wiium Nora
Published: May 2019

School dropout has both individual and economic implications. Current statistics reveal higher dropout rates among boys. Schools have a unique position to address youth development. Research from the US on positive youth development shows positive relationships between developmental assets (e.g. support at school) and academic achievement. The present paper examined these relationships among 591 Norwegian high school students (55% girls), aged 15-19 (mean = 16.70) with data from a cross-sectional study. Results indicated that girls reported more assets than boys did. Furthermore, while positive correlations occurred among assets and academic achievement, some assets (i.e. commitment to learning, support and positive identity) were better predictors of academic achievement in regression analysis. Schools can play a significant role in nurturing developmental assets that will promote academic achievement in both genders, as well as have implications for youth and consequently economic development.
Do young people who are not in education, employment or training (NEET) have more health problems than their peers? A cross-sectional study among Norwegian adolescents
Authors: Stea Tonje H. , Abildsnes Eirik , Strandheim Arve , Haugland Siri Håvås
Published: May 2019

Objectives: An increasing proportion of young Norwegians are categorised as too ill to attend upper secondary education, and poor physical and mental health may reduce their opportunities to return to school or find paid employment. This study examined the differences in self-perceived health, mental health, and prevalence of pain between Norwegian adolescents, who are not in education, employment or training (NEET) compared to adolescents who attend upper secondary school (age 16-21 years).Design: Cross-sectional study.Participants and setting: A total of 96 NEET youth and 384 age and gender matched adolescents attending upper secondary school in the south of Norway participated in the study.Main outcome measures: Self-perceived health, mental health and pain.Results: Multivariable analyses, adjusted for parental education, showed that more NEET girls reported poor self-perceived health (odds ratio 3.2; 95% CI 1.4–7.5) and poor mental health (2.4;1.0–5.2) when compared to girls who were attending school. The results showed no difference in the prevalence of various types of pain between girls who were attending or not attending school, and among boys the results showed no differences in health problems assessed in this study.Conclusion: The study indicates that NEET girls have poorer self-perceived health and poorer mental health when compared to girls who are attending upper secondary school. It will be essential to identify the causes of these health problems. This may provide a basis for specially adapted measures that could help more people in the target group return to school or paid employment.
Darwin, Change, and the Transition to Experimentalism
Authors: Boisvert Raymond D.
Published: May 2019

This chapter looks at how the beginning of John Dewey’s experimental phase is marked by his first public presentation of a new logical position in Studies in Logical Theory, published in 1903. This is a logic based on the experimental methodology of the sciences, and as such is fully in line with the emphasis on change which dominates this period of his development. The chapter analyzes the impact of Darwin’s theory of evolution on Dewey, for it was this theory which most influenced his view of change. The latter part of the chapter describes the kind of ontology Dewey developed, in which it seems that he never really altered his original Kantian outlook. Critics of Dewey maintain that he remained an idealist, and explicitly compare him to Immanuel Kant.
Logical Forms
Authors: Boisvert Raymond D.
Published: May 2019

This chapter cites John Dewey’s Logic: The Theory of Inquiry and argues that it holds a special prominence in regard to the issue of forms. This stems from two facts: as a text on logic, it returns to the subject John Dewey treated in 1916 when he published the Essays in Experimental Logic; and as a late book in his career, it follows those that were studied in Dewey’s previous literature. The chapter unravels Dewey’s growing appreciation of the need to situate properly the permanent or stable dimensions of existence. It is this dimension which is encapsulated in the concept of form. The chapter shows that the specific topic in Logic is logical forms, but here Dewey’s analysis builds on the more generalized interpretation.
Introduction
Authors: Boisvert Raymond D.
Published: May 2019

This introductory chapter discusses responses to two major problems in Deweyan scholarship and to a third issue of a more purely theoretical character. To begin with, it argues that there are scholars who dismiss the Deweyan attempt at formulating a metaphysics as superficial, irrelevant, and contradictory. In addition, there are others who provide a caricature of Deweyan metaphysics as describing a natural world given over solely to flux, process, and change. Finally, there is a general need, occasioned by developments in the sciences, for contemporary philosophers to deal with the issues encapsulated in the term form. The chapter also shows that the approach taken in examining John Dewey’s metaphysics is both theoretical and historical.
Charles Sanders Peirce: An Overview
Authors: Potter Vincent G.
Published: May 2019

This chapter provides an overview of the life of Charles Sander Peirce—philosopher, logician, scientist, and father of American pragmatism. This man, unappreciated in his lifetime, virtually ignored by the academic world of his day, is now recognized as perhaps America's most original philosopher and her greatest logician. Indeed, on the latter score, he is surely one of the logical giants of the nineteenth century, which produced such geniuses as Georg Cantor, Gottlob Frege, George Boole, Augustus De Morgan, Bertrand Russell, and Alfred North Whitehead. Today, more than eighty years after his death, another generation of scholars is beginning to pay him the attention he deserves. The chapter shows the brilliant and tragic career of Peirce. Though he never published a book on philosophy, his articles and drafts fill volumes.
Peirce’s British Connection
Authors: Potter Vincent G.
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on Charles Sanders Peirce's sojourn in England in the 1870s. It also shows the influence on his work of three philosophers from the British Isles—John Duns Scotus, William Whewell, and Alexander Bain. These three were chosen not only because of their impact on Peirce's pragmatism, but also because their influence on him is less well known than that of John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume—Peirce's so-called “British Connection.” Even so, the chapter shows how Peirce is not simply a British philosopher who happened to grow up in the Colonies. His pragmatism has a distinctively American spirit about it. That spirit, put roughly, was that ideas, if they are to merit serious attention, must be practical.
Objective Chance: Lonergan and Peirce on Scientific Generalization
Authors: Potter Vincent G.
Published: May 2019

This chapter delves into the important issues of substantial unity and the foundations of knowledge. It argues that the views of Bernard Lonergan and Charles Sanders Peirce concerning world process are strikingly similar. Both outline an evolutionary cosmology that pays attention to both the law-like and the chance elements required to think of the universe as developing. Both reject the notion that the universe is mechanistically determined even if it is ordered. Both look upon “chance” as an objective component of the universe, not merely as a cloak for ignorance. The remarkable convergence of ideas of two thinkers separated by almost a century not only illuminates their place in intellectual history but, more importantly, adds an extrinsic confirmation of a cosmological view that takes motion and change seriously.
Charles S. Peirce
Authors: Potter Vincent G.
Published: May 2019

In recent years, Charles Sanders Peirce has emerged as one of America's major philosophical thinkers. His work has invited philosophical reflection about those basic issues that inevitably confront us as human beings, especially in an age of science. Peirce's concern for experience, for what is actually encountered, means that his philosophy forms a reflective commentary on actual life and on the world in which it is lived. This book argues that Peirce's doctrine of the normative sciences is essential to his pragmatism. No part of Peirce's philosophy is bolder than his attempt to establish esthetics, ethics, and logic as the three normative sciences and to argue for the priority of esthetics among the trio. The book shows that Pierce took seriously the trinity of normative sciences and demonstrates that these categories apply both to the conduct of man and to the workings of the cosmos. It combines sympathetic and informed exposition with straightforward criticism and deals with the gaps and inconsistencies in Peirce's thought. It shows that Peirce was above all a cosmological and ontological thinker, one who combined science both as a method and as result with a conception of reasonable actions to form a comprehensive theory of reality. Peirce's pragmatism, is not a glorification of action but rather a theory of the dynamic nature of things in which the “ideal” dimension of reality has genuine power for directing the cosmic order, including man, toward reasonable goals.
The Strata of the Passional
Authors: O'Connell Robert J.
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores what William James has written about the various strata of the passional, and suggests ways in which his central thesis can be salvaged from the shipwreck of epistemological irresponsibility. James points out that, between one person and another, there are varieties of the passional nature: there are different temperaments, mental tempers, emotional constitutions, and they guide the “whole man” to “insist upon being spoken to by the universe” in some particular key. These differences in people's individual passional natures, in other words, prod them toward different attributions of interest and importance, and therefore toward different over-beliefs.
The Metaphors of Belief
Authors: O'Connell Robert J.
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on the various metaphors that William James employed in his discussions of belief. The fondness James had for such analogies may partially account for his defenders' tendency to think up other outcome illustrations to argue, misguidedly, for the soundness of his views. But those misguided uses should not blind readers to appreciating the valid appeal these analogies had for James, or lead them to underestimate their “carry-over” value for his central thesis. The chapter also shows that between the two types of Jamesian illustration—life's “ethical symphony” and the appropriate overtures of friendship—there is a set of kinship features that makes them both more exquisitely shaped than perhaps even James imagined for pointing to the dynamics of the “believing” attitude.
On Becoming Humanly Wise
Authors: O'Connell Robert J.
Published: May 2019

This concluding chapter briefly discusses why William James' positions, if understood as the book has interpreted them, remain valid reformulations of a long-standing and quite honorable view of what philosophical thinking is truly about: reformulations which signpost some escape routes out of the impasse in which the philosophical profession, and the business of philosophical education, find themselves mired at present. The chapter also explains how often Western philosophy has found itself compelled by the developments of its history to take the turn James that proposes, and proclaim the revenge of that forgotten truth: that the pursuit of wisdom inexorably grips the whole human being, not merely brain and mind, but heart, emotions, imagination, and sensibility as well.
The Metaphysics of Experience
Authors: Kraus Elizabeth M.
Published: May 2019

This book styles itself as “a Sherpa guide to Process and Reality, whose function is to assist the serious reader in grasping the meaning of the text and to prevent falls into misinterpretation.” Although originally published in 1925, Process and Reality has perhaps even more relevance to the contemporary scene in physics, biology, psychology, and the social sciences than it had in the mid-twenties. Hence, its internal difficulty, its quasi-inaccessibility, is all the more tragic, since, unlike most metaphysical endeavors, it is capable of interpreting and unifying theories in the above sciences in terms of an organic world view, instead of selecting one theory as the paradigm and reducing all others to it. Because Alfred North Whitehead is so crucial to modern philosophy, this book plays an important role in making Process and Reality accessible to a wider readership.
Science and the Modern World as a Romantic Version of Process and Reality
Authors: Kraus Elizabeth M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter argues that Science and the Modern World (SMW) represents Alfred North Whitehead in his moment of romancing the metaphysical implications of his earlier epistemological theories, the full schematization of Process and Reality (PR) having yet to be constructed. The work has the “vividness of novelty,” the “unexplored connexions,” the “possibilities half-disclosed ... and halfconcealed,” and hence the vital immediacy which makes it an admirable introduction to the complexities of PR. Furthermore, it provides an experiential grounding for the later, more abstract superstructure, showing as it does that the metaphysics springs not from a vacuum, but from a solid basis of human experience given form, universality, and stability in science, mathematics, philosophy, literature, religion, language, and social structures.
Discussions and Applications
Authors: Kraus Elizabeth M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter analyzes Part II of Process and Reality. It begins with a discussion of fact and form, and states that for Alfred North Whitehead, to be an actual entity is to be fully formed, fully definite, with no indeterminations left unresolved. From the welter of what it could be, an actual entity decides what it will be: realizing certain potentials and positively excluding others; taking a definite stance with respect to everything in the ideal and actual worlds. Its real essence, structured by its associative hierarchy, comprises the full particularity of its status in the universe and of the universe in it: its unique way of housing and pervading this world populated by these actual entities. The remainder of the chapter explains the extensive continuum; order, society, organisms, and environment; the modal theory of perception; and a theory of judgment.
World or Reality as “Fields”
Authors: Fontinell Eugene
Published: May 2019

This chapter utilizes William James' language as well as that of others to construct a “field” model, for which the primary purpose is to employ it in the development of a “self” open to the possibility of personal immortality. Since a key feature of both the self and the mode of immortality is their continuity with the experienced world or reality, it will be necessary first to present the distinguishing characteristics of this world, beginning with “fields” as the primary metaphor, in an effort to understand all reality. It must be stressed that there is no pretense of giving a mirror image of some outer “reality in itself” when reality or the world is described as a plurality of fields.
Toward a Field Model of the Self
Authors: Fontinell Eugene
Published: May 2019

This chapter considers the suggestive irony of living in an age characterized by both an obsessive concern for the ego or individual self and a denial that there is any such reality. The first characteristic is manifest in the charges that contemporary experience is best described as narcissistic, or that the present generation is the “me” generation, or that the past is a hedonistic culture in which self-satisfaction is the dominant if not exclusive value. The chapter shows that the denials of the ego or the individual self come from the more intellectually sophisticated segments of the community, taking such various forms as Buddhist “no-self‘ doctrines and structuralist and deconstructionist movements.
James: Toward a Field-Self
Authors: Fontinell Eugene
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores how William James' doctrine of the self seemed to have developed through three stages. Beginning with a methodological dualism in his Principles of Psychology, James apparently moved to a “no-self” doctrine in the Essays on Radical Empiricism, and finally to the affirmation of a substantive self in A Pluralistic Universe. This three-stage view is basically sound and helpful as long as it is not understood as suggesting any clear, linear, and unequivocal development. The chapter then shows that throughout, James is much less clear and confident about his positive affirmations and solutions than he is in describing the problems and what he wishes to avoid.
Transforming Obligation in William James
Authors: Ward Roger A. , Ward Roger A.
Published: May 2019

This chapter describes the connection between the obligation William James finds in the reflective life and the resultant personal transformation that provides access to the meaning of that obligation. The relation between obligation and transformation leads James to claim that the development of personal character is a proper aim of philosophical inquiry. The chapter develops this line of thought by following James’s treatment of conversion in Varieties. It shows that James uses his analysis of character and personal transformation to separate himself clearly from the traditional doctrine of religious conversion, and particularly from Jonathan Edwards. It concludes with an analysis and critique of James’s position against conversion and asks what this means for his work in transforming the obligation to the religious life.
The Evasion of Conversion in Recent American Philosophy
Authors: Ward Roger A. , Ward Roger A.
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on three contemporary philosophers who have contributed significantly to the development of pragmatism and American philosophy: Richard Rorty, Cornel West, and Robert Corrington. It argues that Rorty avoids the fundamental issue of personal transformation, which his own argument demands. West has attained the public notoriety of an intellectual with a program for transformation, drawing on Christian and philosophical resources for his sermonic challenge to culture. Conversion is central to West’s self-understanding, but it falls out of his programmatic speech. Corrington approaches philosophy from within the American perspective, but draws its thought up into the ongoing challenge of consciousness with itself. Transformation of human consciousness is the reality Corrington approaches from a platform of ecstatic naturalism.
Maurice Blanchot
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Maurice Blanchot (1907–2003) was one of the most important writers of the French twentieth century. His novels, shorter narratives, literary criticism, and fragmentary texts exercised great influence over writers, artists, and philosophers. As a journalist and political activist, he had a public side that matched his secret and mysterious side as someone who refused to be interviewed or photographed. Maurice Blanchot: A Critical Biography, the only full-length account of Blanchot’s itinerary, therefore attempts to carry out an impossible bio-graphy. It does so by drawing on unpublished letters and on interviews with the writer’s very close friends. Beyond this, it is a theoretical work that follows the genealogy of a thinking that is at once imaginative and speculative, at once aligned with literary modernity and a close companion and friend of philosophy. It is a historical work, unpacking the ‘transformation of convictions’ of an author who moved from the far-right in the 1930s to the far-left in the 1950s and after. And it is of course a biography, showing the strong links between the author’s life and an œuvre which nonetheless aspires to anonymity. In these ways, this book claims that Blanchot’s is a life that has become the œuvre, become a literature that bears the traces of that life secretly, even if they are what drives it. Blanchot’s œuvre is reconstituted in all its contexts, at a time when the critics who attack it, just like those who elevate it in unthinking fascination, often produce one-dimensional readings.
A Flash in the Darkness
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Details Blanchot’s early friendship with Emmanuel Levinas, during their student days. Looks into the relationship between a Jewish and a Catholic student, mediated by philosophical study.
The Disenchantment of the Community
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

This chapter sets out aspects of the literary and publishing scene at Liberation. Blanchot participates in various reviews and prize committees.
The Mediterranean Sojourn
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Deals with the period Blanchot spent in Èze in Southern France, where over around a decade he wrote much of his fiction.
Grace, Strength, Gentleness
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

This chapter recounts Blanchot’s encounter and subsequent friendship with Robert Antelme, the concentration camp survivor and author of The Human Race. It underlines the importance of this for Blanchot’s thinking of politics, ethics, and friendship.
A First Homage
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Looks at a special issue of the journal Critique, produced in homage to Blanchot in 1966. The chapter goes on to detail the relations between Blanchot and various theoreticians and avant-garde thinkers of the late 1960s, for instance Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and the Tel Quel group.
The Far Side of Fear
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

This chapter recounts Blanchot’s significant involvement in the events of May 1968, both in the protests and as part of a committee involving students and intellectuals. It details how this grew out of his previous political activities in the 1960s, as well as being linked to his aesthetic experimentations with the forms of the dialogue and the fragment.
Friendship in Disaster
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Details Blanchot’s ongoing thinking of friendship and death, even as his publications slow, in the apt context of the deaths of various friends.
Forming the Myth
Authors: Bident Christophe
Published: May 2019

Provides an overview of, and reacts to, Blanchot’s reception in the 1970s by writers, philosophers, and artists. Presents a critical view both of mythologizations and reductive readings of this writer.
The Face of Death or Anxiety over Finitude
Authors: Falque Emmanuel
Published: May 2019

Heidegger quotes the formula he heard from a Bohemian peasant: “As soon as man comes to life, he is at once old enough to die.” This is true for humankind but also for Christ. Death is not simply a consequence of sin (the auto-enclosure of the self in our finitude); it is also a consequence of incarnation. The anxiety and finitude that shapes our lives is also carried by God, who takes on our life to convert it finally to the life beyond. Humankind has to learn about perfectibility before we can claim any kind of perfection.
God’s Vigil
Authors: Falque Emmanuel
Published: May 2019

Heidegger’s description of anxiety over death and what we read in the gospels have in common that human beings are those who must “remain always awake.” That may be a question of authentic Dasein (Heidegger), or the dilemma of the wise and foolish bridesmaids (Matthew 25:1–13). But while the philosopher attempts to overcome death through an authentic Dasein, the believer remains on the alert, waiting for another who will come along with believers, undertaking pure suffering but also a “passage.”
Death and Its Possibilities
Authors: Falque Emmanuel
Published: May 2019

Death is the “possibility of impossibility” (Heidegger), or the “impossibility of having a project” (Levinas). Confronted with the end, not simply of life, but of the opening up in life to oneself and to the world, the Son of God asks himself the question of the meaning of life. Without following the thesis of the “suffering of God,” we can see that it is through “compassion,” rather just the Passion of God, that the finitude of humankind is passed from the Son to the Father, so that it is transformed.
Conclusion: The In-Fans [without-Speech] or the Silent Flesh
Authors: Falque Emmanuel
Published: May 2019

Husserl suggests that we establish our world through our flesh “as a child.” This insight does not just send us back to the past of our existence, but opens up onto our present. The in-fans is one who does not speak but constitutes the world by means of the body. It is the same with Christ resurrected in his flesh, recognised by the manner of being in his body (Mary Magdalene at the tomb, doubting Thomas, the disciples at the lakeside). To enter the kingdom “as a child” or like the “little children” thus sends us back to a constant experience of the flesh, theologically transformed and waiting for the glory.
The Last Jewish Intellectual: Derrida and His Literary Betrayal of Levinas
Authors: Hammerschlag Sarah
Published: May 2019

This chapter examines Jacques Derrida as a Jewish intellectual, locating in his work expressions of his identity as an intellectual and as a Jew. It applies insights from Derrida's philosophy of literature to his relationship with Emmanuel Levinas, probing the similarities and differences in their experience of these identities. Derrida's ambivalence toward Jewish community, in particular that aspect that imposes obligations and makes claims, was not separate from his awareness of familial overtones in his relationship with Levinas. Although Derrida discussed his Jewishness in various ways and contexts, it was through Levinas that he did and did not identify with the category of Jewish intellectual. In recounting a pair of anecdotes reported by Derrida, in which he revealed private comments made to him by Levinas, the chapter then exposes in the closeness of their relationship the operation of secrecy and betrayal, and the role of irony in constructing and subverting intimacy.
Under Representation
Authors: Lloyd David
Published: May 2019

Under Representation argues that the relation between the concepts of universality, freedom and humanity, and the racial order of the modern world is grounded in the founding texts of aesthetic philosophy. It challenges the absence of sustained thought about race in postcolonial studies and the lack of attention to aesthetics in critical race theory. Late Enlightenment discourse on aesthetic experience proposes a decisive account of the conditions of possibility for universal human subjecthood. The aesthetic forges a powerful racial regime of representation whose genealogy runs from enlightenment thinkers like Kant and Schiller to late modernist critics like Adorno and Benjamin. For aesthetic philosophy, representation is an activity that articulates the various spheres of human practice and theory, from the most fundamental acts of perception and reflection to the relation of the subject to the political, the economic, and the social. Representation regulates the distribution of racial identifications along a developmental trajectory: the racialized remain “under representation,” on the threshold of humanity and not yet capable of freedom and civility as aesthetic thought defines those attributes. To ignore the aesthetic is thus to overlook its continuing force in the formation of the racial and political structures down to the present. In its five chapters, Under Representation investigates the aesthetic foundations of modern political subjectivity; race and the sublime; the logic of assimilation and the sterotype; the subaltern critique of representation; and the place of magic and the primitive in modernist concepts of art, aura, and representation.
Representation’s Coup
Authors: Lloyd David
Published: May 2019

Commencing with a critique of Gayatri Spivak’s “Can the Subaltern Speak?”, “Representation’s Coup” explores the regime of representation through a reading of Marx’s I8th Brumaire. It argues that representation has historically been the means by which the intellectual has mediated the relation of subjects to the state. Where the Savage or the Negro stand at the threshold of humanity in the developmental narrative of representation, the Subaltern is radically exterior, unavailable for identification or assimilation, and troubles the ethical self-identification of the intellectual as representative figure of the human. The chapter concludes with Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea, seeing it as an allegory of the failure of identification with the racialized subaltern. The breakdown of novelistic representation in this modernist work correlates to a post-colonial crisis in the overarching regime of representation that frames it.
Mapping Memory
Authors: Murphy Kaitlin M.
Published: May 2019

In Mapping Memory: Visuality, Affect, and Embodied Politics in the Americas, Kaitlin M. Murphy analyzes a range of visual memory practices that have emerged in opposition to political discourses and visual economies that suppress certain subjects and overlook past and present human rights abuses. From the Southern Cone to Central America and the US-Mexico borderlands, and across documentary film, photography, performance, memory sites, and new media, she compares how these visual texts use memory as a form of contemporary intervention. Interweaving visual and performance theory with memory and affect, Murphy develops new frameworks for analyzing how visual culture performs as an embodied agent of memory and witnessing. She argues that visuality is inherently performative; and analyzing the performative elements, or strategies, of visual texts—such as embodiment, reperformance, reenactment, haunting, and the performance of material objects and places—elucidates how memory is both anchored into and extracted from specific bodies, objects, and places. Murphy progressively develops the theory of memory mapping, defined as the visual process of representing the affective, sensorial, polyvocal, and temporally layered relationship between past and present, anchored within the specificities of place. Ultimately, by exploring how memory is “mapped” across a range of sites and mediums, Murphy argues that memory mapping is a visual strategy for producing new temporal and spatial arrangements of knowledge and memory that function as counter-practices to official narratives that often neglect or designate as transgressive certain memories or experiences.
Introduction
Authors: Murphy Kaitlin M.
Published: May 2019

In the Introduction chapter, the author introduces the book’s overarching theoretical contribution: the theory of “memory mapping.” The development of memory mapping is anchored in analysis of Guatemalan photographer Daniel Hernández-Salazar’s set of photographs Esclarecimiento, and more broadly situated within a review of scholarship on visuality, performance, affect, and memory. The chapter also offers an overview of the following chapters, their case studies, and the theoretical questions that guide them.
Affect, Haunting, and Memory Mapping
Authors: Murphy Kaitlin M.
Published: May 2019

In this chapter, the author more fully develops the theoretical contours of memory mapping. Grounded in study of the Salvadoran documentary El Lugar Más Pequeño (The Tiniest Place, 2011), the author investigates connections between: performative visuality as a means of transmitting embodied knowledge and place-making; haunting, memory, testimony, and affect. This chapter is guided by the following: How do we render visually and affectively knowable the ongoing negotiations of living among the ruins of history? What is the relationship between memory and affect? How might the lens of memory mapping offer new perceptions and understandings of the post-conflict period?
The Extraplanetary Environment of the Ecomodernists
Authors: Neyrat Frédéric
Published: May 2019

In chapter 6, Neyrat moves to describing the new ecologists and environmentalists of the twenty-first century: the ecomodernists. Neyrat provides the origins of this new capitalist and industrialist friendly environmentalism that promised to take into account all environmental concerns within its mode of development and growth. In taking on a seemingly pragmatist position outside of ideological frameworks and offering a positive vision of our environmental future whereby technologies such as nuclear power, GMOs, and fracking, as well as rejecting the division between nature and technology, ecomodernists completely reject the environmentalism and ecology of their twentieth-century forebears. Neyrat provides an introduction to these ecomodernists who have a very different conception of the current era, where striving to comprehend some ideal or old environmental state of nature was always already impossible due to the inherent perpetual instability of the turbulence of ecosystems.
Anaturalism and Its Ghosts
Authors: Neyrat Frédéric
Published: May 2019

In Chapter 8, Neyrat further develops his critique regarding both Latour’s statement that we must “love our technological monsters” and the positions of postenvironmentalism and ecomodernism by questioning how it is that we’ve arrived at these positions: where a “political ecology” can ask us to “love technological monsters” while recognizing their eventual catastrophic consequences; where postenvironmentalists claim that there is no such thing as the environment; where the ecomodernists claim that t we will soon arrive into an era of the “super-Anthropocene” in which nature will no longer exist because there will no longer exist any space that hasn’t been touched by human development; where even Australian coral islands will become industrial products; and where we will be able to “decouple technological advances from environmental impacts.” Neyrat argues that all these seemingly recent ideas concerning nature or post-nature found in the work of the postenvironmentalists or ecomodernists are not that new and can be directly traced back to thinkers such as Marx and Engels where nature is considered as “an illusion, an ideological object.”
Virtual Reality in TEFL Context, Instructors’ Perspectives in a Saudi University
Authors: Al-Gamdi Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore instructors’ perspectives in a Saudi university about using virtual reality in TEFL context. The sample of the study consisted of 6 instructors randomly selected from different faculties affiliated to Al-Baha University. The instrument of the study is based on semi-structured interviews administered to the targeted participants. The researcher used SWAT analysis to process the elicited data. The Findings of the study indicate that strength points of using virtual reality to teach English are VR is exciting, authentic, and more interactive learning style for English language learners as compared to conventional learning style, weakness points are financial setbacks of implementing VR and the inexperienced instructors who need training to implement VR to teach English. The results indicate that there is only one main threat of using VR to teach the English language in the Saudi context, namely that VR could be a distraction for some students. This study generates new insights into processes of adopting VR to teach English language in the Saudi context and the potential strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats to such adoption in the target university. The study concluded with recommendations to the concerned institutions for the betterment of using VR in EFL contexts. The researcher suggests further studies to be conducted in similar contexts for using VR in EFL institutions.
The Preference Function of Stakeholders and Marketing Strategies for Banks in Tunisia
Authors: Rouissi Chiraz. , Rahmoun Mbarek
Published: May 2019

During recent years, due to the necessary fluctuations that have impacted the financial capitalism, value creation has emerged and found a good basis especially for the company’s shareholders as well as customers, suppliers, bankers, unions and of course the government. So, the birth of the notion of stakeholders is a strict notion, this theory applies to the entire economy.

Moreover, the strategic choices are an important part of the banks; hence the importance of the choice of strategy becomes paramount to deal with developments in a rapidly changing environment. An effective bank marketing strategy keeps customers educated. This paper shows recommendations as to the measures to be adopted in order to improve the marketing effectiveness of the banks.

The aim of this article is to show the importance of the preference function in banking strategic choices in Tunisia.
Sustainability as a Matrix of Experiential Marketing
Authors: Dettori Angela
Published: May 2019

Recent years have highlighted a significant increase in the relevance of environmental protection and sustainability to consumers, firms, and society as a whole. Taking this new situation into account, most organizations are aware of this change and wish to be seen as taking steps to improve behaviors in this regard. This challenge requires managers to make wise strategic choices and for organizations to be more flexible in adapting to changes in the economy, in the environment and in the “whims” of consumers. The aim of the present study is to examine the potential role of sustainability as a matrix of experiential marketing to understand how a memorable, emotional and responsible connection between consumer and sustainable brand can generate customer loyalty and affect the purchase decision. Taking a case study approach, this study analyzes an ecological campaign called “The Fun Theory”, contributing to strengthening this new theory, according to which “fun” is the best way to change the bad habits of people in responsible and sustainable manner.
Grouping the Americas and Asia-Pacific Countries based on Their ICT Readiness, Prioritization of Travel & Tourism and Tourist Service Infrastructures
Authors: Augustin Jean-Luc Pradel Mathurin , Liaw Shu-Yi
Published: May 2019

Travel and tourism competitiveness is a multi-pillars construct, each originating from measurement attempts. Involvement of governments, technology and tourism infrastructures are viewed as factors able to improve tourism competitiveness. This paper identifies principal components from these pillars for the Asia-Pacific and Americas considered most improved regions by the World Economic Forum (WEF). Five principal components were identified but three components were the most appropriate solution. A cluster analysis divided the countries into four groups offering a classification of the set. With their position presented in a scatter plot, countries can identify and select the best recommendations to their case depending on the group they belong to. Based on the cluster analysis results, it is seen that groups likes the Underachievers and Critical improvements would definitely need to improve their ICT level, while the Average Performers could as well benefit from technology improvements, although at a lesser degree. Specific examples discussed give better indications and recommendations to the countries as they can draw example from the explained cases to either adopt or adapt relevant strategies that would help their economy or avoid making similar mistakes.
Evaluating the Marketing Communication Strategy of Volkswagen in Post-Crisis Period: Application of Image Repair Theory
Authors: Hassan Almoatazbillah S.
Published: May 2019

This case study focuses on effective marketing communication activities in a post-crisis period. The phenomenon underpinning the investigation is image repair theory which provides effective communication strategies to overcome these events. The case in point was the emission scandal faced by Volkswagen (VW) in 2015. By implementing a qualitative approach to data collection and analysis, the results showed some correlations between effective public relation activities and the company’s share price. Nevertheless, sales figures showed a negative attribute due to the unstable position of the company in the post scandal period. Results also showed a positive pattern when VW responded to the emission scandal in the early days, providing some strategies to stakeholders such as, mortification, reducing offensiveness and corrective action. However, it can be said that this study is an initial step which provides some indications for future research concerning the effective implementation of marketing communication in a post-scandal period.
On the generalized Fuglede-Putnam Theorem
Authors: Rashid M. H. M. , Noorani M. S. M. , Saari A. S.
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we prove the following assertions:(1) If the pair of operators $ (A,B^*) $ satisfiesthe Fuglede-Putnam Property and $ S\in \ker(\delta_{A,B}) $, where $ S\in \bh $, then we have$$  \|\delta_{A,B}X+S\|\geq\|S\|.$$(2) Suppose the pair of operators $ (A,B^*) $ satisfies the Fuglede-Putnam Property. If $ A^{2}X=XB^{2} $ and $ A^{3}X=XB^{3} $, then $ AX=XB $.(3) Let $ A,B\in \bh $ be such that $ A,B^* $ are $ p $-hyponormal. Then  for any $ X\in\c_{2} $, $ AX-XB\in  \mathcal{C}_{2} $ implies $ A^*X-XB^*\in \mathcal{C}_{2} $.(4) Let $ T,S\in \bh $ be such that $ T $ and$ S^* $ are quasihyponormal operators. If $ X\in\bh $ and $ TX=XS$ ,then  $T^*X=XS^* $.
On third-order three-point right focal boundary value problems
Authors: Wu Xiangyun , Bai Zhanbing
Published: May 2019

In this paper, a fixed point theorem in a cone, some inequalities of the associated Green's function and the concavity of solutions are applied to obtain the existence of positive solutions of third-order three-point boundary value problem with dependence on the first-order derivative$\begin{cases}& x'''(t) = f(t, x(t), x'(t)), \quad 0 < t < 1, \\ & x(0) = x'(\eta) = x''(1) = 0, \end{cases}$where $f:[0, 1]\times[0, \infty)\times R\to [0,\infty)$ is a nonnegative continuous function, $\eta\in(1/2, 1).$