bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risks, Vulnerabilities, and Adaptations: Exploring the Impact of Salinity Intrusion on Women in Coastal Bangladesh.
Authors: Dina Shahana Afrin , Khanam Dilafroze , Sarwar Mohammad Mufajjal
Published: November 2024

The article sheds light on the salinity-induced risks and vulnerabilities of women and adolescent girls living in coastal areas of Bangladesh. Moreover, it critically analyzes the adaptation actions of coastal women and teenage girls to salinity intrusion and connects the concepts to climate governance. The paper uses secondary textual analysis as its methodology, ecofeminism, and political ecology theory as the theoretical framework and thematic analysis strategy for secondary data analysis. The article incorporates Alston’s idea of radical adaptation to suggest placing gender equality as the core component of risk and vulnerability assessment of salinity intrusion, GO- NGO adaptation policies, and practices against salinization. Furthermore, this paper suggests taking context-specific and gendering-specific adaptation policies to increase the resilience power of coastal saline-prone marginal women and adolescent girls.
Güneş Koruyucu Ürünlerde ZnO Nanopartiküllerinin Rolü: Güneşten Koruyucu Teknolojisinin Yenilikçi Boyutları
Authors: Kayacı Haticenur , Andaç Müberra
Published: November 2024

Kozmetikler, antik çağlardan beri kişisel bakım için kullanılan ürünlerdir. Dünya çapında büyük bir pazar payına sahip ve milyonlarca kişi tarafından düzenli olarak tüketilmektedir. Kozmetik ürünlere olan talebin her geçen gün artması ve teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte nano ölçekli materyaller içeren nanokozmetikler olarak adlandırılan yeni formülasyonlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Nanokozmetiklerde; nanopartiküller, nanoemülsiyonlar, lipozomlar, niozomlar, mikroemülsiyonlar, katı lipit nanopartikülleri, nanoyapılı lipit taşıyıcılar ve nanoküreler gibi çok sayıda nanotaşıyıcı kullanılmaktadır. Kullanılan nanotaşıyıcıların her biri benzersiz fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özelliklere sahiptir. Bu özellikler, antioksidan, yaşlanma karşıtı ve daha fazlasını kapsayan yeni kozmetik ürünlerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Nanokozmetikler, geleneksel kozmetiklere göre aktif maddelerin cilde daha iyi nüfuz etmesi, transdermal kontrollü salınım olasılığı, kararsız aktif maddelerin bozulmasına karşı koruma, formülasyonun daha iyi stabilizasyonu ve düşük toksisite gibi avantajlar sunar. Özellikle yeşil sentez metotları kullanılarak metal/metal oksit nanopartiküllerin sentezi ve nanokozmetiklerde kullanımı, kozmetik sektöründe yenilikçi yaklaşımların ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Kozmetik sektöründe, güneş koruyucu teknolojisi, özellikle ZnO nanopartiküllerinin kullanımıyla önemli ölçüde geliştirilmiştir. Güneş koruyucu ürünlerde ZnO nanopartiküllerinin etkinliğini arttırmaya yönelik araştırmalar, nanoformülasyonların optimizasyonuna odaklanmıştır. ZnO NP’lerinin cilt ile etkileşimi üzerine yapılan çalışmalar, ürünlerin biyouyumluluğunun ve toksisitesinin değerlendirilmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu derleme makalesinde nanoteknoloji ile kozmetik endüstrisinin kesişimi ayrıntılı olarak incelenerek, nano ölçekli kozmetik ürünler, ZnO NP’lerinin kozmetik ve güneş koruyucu formülasyonlarındaki uygulamaları genel yaklaşımlarla sunulmaktadır.
Formosana: variante somaclonal de alta tolerancia a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Raza 4
Authors: Ronen Eldad , Ronen Amnon , Laboratory Du Roi
Published: November 2024

En este ensayo, se investiga los factores agro-técnicos de una variante somaclonal de una planta específica que ha demostrado una alta tolerancia a la cepa Tropical Race 4 de Fusarium oxysporum cubense, un patógeno fúngico devastador que afecta a las plantaciones de banano. Se describen las características de esta variante, se compara con las variedades convencionales y se analiza su tolerancia a la enfermedad.
Susceptibilidad de plátanos de consumo tradicional en Colombia frente al marchitamiento de las musáceas provocado por Foc R4T
Authors: Carmona Sandra Lorena , Leon-Pacheco Rommel Igor , Burbano David Diana , Gomez Correa Juan Camilo , Soto Suarez Mauricio , Gómez Marroquín Magda Rocio , Rodríguez Y Gustavo Adolfo , Betancourt Vásquez Mónica
Published: November 2024

América Latina y el Caribe son la región más importante del mundo en la producción de banano de exportación, pero también es una región en la que los cultivos de plátano son la base de la canasta alimentaria y de la economía campesina y familiar. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el comportamiento en condiciones de vivero de materiales tradicionales de plátano de Colombia frente a inoculaciones controladas de Foc R4T. Todos los materiales de plátano desarrollaron síntomas de la enfermedad externa e internamente, con porcentajes de severidad de daños del cormo entre 27% y 57% lo que indica la susceptibilidad de los materiales, por lo tanto, la necesidad de implementar medidas de exclusión para proteger los cultivos de plátano a nivel nacional y regional.
Eficacia de Biomex Plus para el control de Erwinia y contención de Moko en el cultivo de Banano
Authors: Franco-Mejía Hector , Silveira-Migueli Jorge
Published: November 2024

El estudio se centró en evaluar la Eficacia de Biomex Plus contra Erwinia y contención de Moko por lo tanto se evaluaron aplicaciones con 2 dosis de control como alternativa de Biocontrol para podredumbre suave del dedo (Erwinia carotovora) en banano. Una dosis de 1.5 L tuvieron 85% de control de la bacteria a los 85 días de aplicación. En cambio, la dosis de 2 L tuvo registraron 94 – 97% de eficacia a los 80 días de aplicación. En otro ensayo in vitro de Biomex plus se aplicaron 4 dosis a diferentes concentraciones tuvo un mayor efecto de contención sobre Moko (Ralstonia solanacearum) a los 7 días de aplicación a las dosis de 3 y 4 litros. En el enfrentamiento dual entre el aislado bacteriano del producto (BIOMEX) y la cepa de R. solanacearum se observó una disminución del crecimiento del patógeno hasta una distancia de 1.7 ±0.1 cm.
Bacillus methylotrophicus en la sanidad radicular del cultivo de banano (Musa paradisiaca)
Authors: Maldonado Lucio Marcell , Rodríguez-Balza Mairett Yuri , Caripe Galindo Jesús Eduardo
Published: November 2024

Ecuador, uno de los principales exportadores de banano, cuenta con una superficie de 170000 has del cultivo, y solo se emplea nematicidas en el 23.5% para el control de esta plaga, que afecta el sistema radicular de la planta, conduciendo a reducción del rendimiento. Por esta razón, Interoc desarrolló una serie de ensayos en diferentes localidades del país, empleando LALNIX ONIX, nematicida biológico, con concentración de Bacillus methylotrophicus, para promover la sanidad radicular en su producción. LALNIX ONIX mostró mayor control de nematodos totales respecto a los productos químicos o al testigo. Se reportó entre el 10 y 18% de incremento de productividad tanto de los productos químicos como el biológico, respecto al testigo.
Metafora Alam Dalam Al-Quran : Studi Literatur Surat Ar-Rohman Ayat 1-13 Perspektif Tafsir Ibnu Katsir
Authors: Waridatul Maulida Rumdina  , Nasrullah Nasrullah
Published: November 2024

Artikel ini membahas keindahan bahasa dan makna mendalam dalam Surat Ar-Rahman, yang dianggap sebagai mahakarya sastra dalam Al-Qur’an. Surat ini menggunakan berbagai metafora alam untuk menggambarkan kebesaran dan kasih sayang Allah kepada seluruh makhluk-Nya, terutama melalui ayat-ayat awal (ayat 1-13). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis metafora alam dalam ayat 1-13 dan menghubungkan makna konotatif dengan pesan ilahi yang tersirat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi literatur sebagai metode utama, memanfaatkan tafsir Ibnu Katsir sebagai rujukan utama untuk menggali makna dan konteks historis dari setiap ayat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa elemen-elemen alam seperti matahari, bulan, bintang, tumbuhan, langit, dan bumi dijadikan sebagai simbol kebesaran dan kekuasaan Allah yang berperan penting dalam mendukung kehidupan. Setiap metafora alam yang digunakan dalam ayat-ayat ini menggambarkan keseimbangan, keadilan, dan tujuan penciptaan yang penuh hikmah.
A model of synergistic management of a medical project portfolio based on the telegraphic equation
Authors: Malanchuk Oksana , Тryhuba Аnatoliy , Sholudko Roksolana , Fedorchuk-Moroz Valentyna
Published: November 2024

The relevance of the study is the need to improve the efficiency of managing the portfolio of medical projects for the development of hospital districts. The purpose of the article was to develop and use a model of synergistic management of a portfolio of medical projects for the development of hospital districts based on the telegraphic equation, which takes into account the synergistic relationships between projects and ensures maximum value from their implementation. The paper used the method of critical analysis of scientific literature on project management, information technology, synergistic management and medical project management, a model of synergistic management of a portfolio of medical projects based on the telegraphic equation, numerical methods, and the method of hierarchy analysis. An analysis of scientific papers on the available tools for managing medical projects was carried out. It was found that in 2024 there are no management tools that provide modelling of dynamic processes in systems with spatial and temporal interactions. The expediency of developing a model for synergistic management of a portfolio of medical projects using the telegraphic equation is substantiated. A model of synergistic management of a portfolio of medical projects based on the telegraphic equation is proposed. It involved 6 stages, which are based on the formation of a system of interconnected ordinary differential equations, which are a discrete analogy of the telegraph equation. Based on the developed model, a computer program was created that significantly speeds up the process of making management decisions on the implementation of project portfolios when their project environment changes. The adequacy of the computer program was checked. It was found that the created decision support tool provides accurate results in solving the problems of managing a portfolio of medical projects. The error between numerical and analytical solutions did not exceed 5%, which meets the requirements for such models. Based on the research, the status and synergistic effects of medical projects included in the hospital district development portfolio were quantified, and recommendations for project managers were developed. The obtained research results provide project managers with tools to quantify the status and synergies of healthcare projects in hospital district development portfolios in a given project environment, and recommendations for effective management of these portfolios have been developed
Applications of AI in Financial Fraud Detection
Authors: Gafarov Mahammed
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a pivotal tool in combating financial fraud, offering advanced techniques to detect and mitigate fraudulent activities in real time. By leveraging machine learning algorithms, neural networks, and pattern recognition technologies, AI systems can identify anomalies, assess transaction risks, and predict potential threats with unparalleled accuracy. This research examines the various applications of AI in financial fraud detection, including its role in transactional analysis, user authentication, and predictive modeling. Key areas of focus include the integration of supervised and unsupervised learning methods, the use of natural language processing (NLP) for fraud analysis, and real-time data processing for dynamic threat management. The study also explores the challenges of implementing AI, such as data privacy concerns, algorithmic biases, and the need for regulatory compliance. By analyzing case studies and successful implementations, this research highlights best practices for leveraging AI in financial institutions to ensure robust fraud prevention. The findings underscore AI's transformative potential to enhance security, improve operational efficiency, and build trust in financial ecosystems.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON INDIAN PRINT MEDIA: TRANSFORMATIONS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Authors:   Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, Gayatrikunj, Shantikunj, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India., Kumar Harish , Bhardwaj Ajay ,   Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, Gayatrikunj, Shantikunj, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India.
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on Indian print media, introducing challenges such as declines in circulation, drops in advertising revenue, and disruptions in news gathering and reporting. The pandemic accelerated the digital shift within the industry as readership moved increasingly online. This research paper explores the multidimensional impact of the pandemic on print media in India, including operational, economic, and strategic changes. It also investigates the adaptations adopted by media organizations and the evolving media landscape post-pandemic, focusing on the shift to hybrid print-digital models.
Consulta de enfermería en tabaquismo en Ferrol. Evolución y resultados
Authors: Darriba Rodríguez María Pilar , Tizón Bouza Eva
Published: November 2024

Las intervenciones de enfermería en el control del tabaquismo mejoran la calidad de vida y el estado emocional de los pacientes, lo cual respalda la creación y funcionamiento de las consultas de enfermería en tabaquismo. Objetivo: Analizar la evolución y los resultados obtenidos en la consulta de tabaquismo del Área Sanitaria de Ferrol (ASF) desde febrero de 2022 hasta mayo de 2024, con especial incidencia en la consulta de enfermería. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y de corte transversal. La población de estudio está compuesta por la totalidad de los pacientes que acudieron a la consulta de tabaquismo de neumología del ASF. Se estudiaron las frecuencias y porcentajes de diferentes variables, y se realzó un análisis bivariado de las variables de interés a partir del SPSS 2.0. Resultados: Se realizaron 1.251 consultas, dirigidas a 142 pacientes entre 18 y 76 años: 52% presenciales y 48% telefónicas. De ellas, un 71% fueron realizadas por la enfermera. El principal motivo para dejar de fumar fue la salud (93,7%). El 38% de los pacientes presentaban una enfermedad pulmonar previa. Los éxitos totales del período estudiado (marzo 2022 a mayo 2024) fueron del 34,5%, con un 29,6% de recaídas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre tener enfermedades respiratorias y la cesación tabáquica. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos indican que la incorporación de enfermería formada y capacitada en tabaquismo en la consulta de tabaquismo del ASF, mediante la consulta de enfermería, con seguimiento telefónico, disponibilidad y apoyo emocional, ha favorecido las tasas de éxito en cesación tabáquica.
Los impactos de la “era exponencial” sobre la gestión pública en los países emergentes
Authors: Oszlak Oscar
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to analyze and forecast the foreseeable impacts on public management that may be caused by the technological developments that characterize this exponential era (ICT, big data, AI, robotics and their applications). The work focuses on emerging countries and their relative weakness to mitigate the negative impacts of these changes and to take advantage of innovation, presenting several ideas and recommendations on how to promote awareness and start a systematic reflection on the subject. The paper examines: 1) the social and economic impacts of technological innovations that characterize the current exponential era; 2) the deepening of disparities between the advanced countries leading these changes and the emergent countries that show little concern about their impact; and 3) the ethical and cultural considerations that must be solved as a result of technological developments.
El discurso de la innovación en la administración pública y su adopción en Iberoamérica: un análisis de los Congresos del CLAD
Authors: Isaza Espinosa Carolina
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the relatively new discourse on innovation in public administration, its origin, meaning, and its use in Ibero-American countries. A discourse analysis of the academic literature and of the use of this concept in the CLAD conventions in an eight year period is conducted. It is evident that the use of the public innovation concept has increased and that it has been adopted by the Ibero-American community represented in CLAD. The implications of the particular uses that this community has given to the concept are also exposed.
Los comedores comunitarios en los municipios de México: un espacio para la alimentación, la cohesión social y la política de prevención de la violencia
Authors: Zamudio Nieto Aureliano , Herrera Tapia Francisco
Published: November 2024

The program of community kitchens, implemented by the Government of Mexico in 2013-2018, had the purpose of providing food to the population in poverty, promoting social cohesion, and reinforcing the strategy of social prevention of violence in Mexico. The objective of this work is to identify the coverage of community kitchens in Mexico’s municipalities and to analyse whether their distribution responds to the lack of access to food as well as to the homicide rate per 100,000 inhabitants. The study is based on secondary sources of information. Based on statistical yearbooks and public databases of the Mexican government, an analysis was made to determine whether the municipalities that implemented community kitchens had more food poverty and higher homicide rates, in contrast to municipalities that did not have kitchens. Subsequently, a test was carried out to determine differences between the 711 municipalities that did have community kitchens and which were grouped according to the degree of violence in the states. The results indicate that the targeting of community kitchens is related to food poverty and the homicide rate in Mexico’s municipalities. It is concluded that there was an overlapping of policies to fight food poverty and to prevent violence, which shaped social cohesion as the articulating axis of this synergy.
Effect of Five Concentrations of Aqueous Extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus P. Kumm and Tagetes minuta L. on the Mortality of Two Nematodes in a Laboratory Setting
Authors: Chango Madison , Rosero Gabriela , Erazo Norma , Álvarez Pablo
Published: November 2024

The nematode attacks affect several plant species of Ecuadorian crops. Fungi and plants with nematicide ability are of agricultural interest. This study assessed the effect of five concentrations of aqueous extracts of
Pleurotus ostreatus and Tagetes minuta on the mortality of Meloidogyne spp. and Panagrellus redivivus nematodes in a laboratory setting. The aqueous extracts were obtained through hydro distillation where concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 5%, 25%, 50% and 100% were prepared. A wholly randomized single-factor design was
used for the P. ostreatus extract and a bifactorial for the T. minuta extract (leaves and flowers). The number
of dead individuals was evaluated, and the efficacy and LC50 were determined. T. minuta leaf extract showcased higher nematicide activity against P. redivivus with an LC50 of 8.03 ppm; when applied to Meloidogyne
sp., the extract showed nematicide activity with an LC50 of 0.01 ppm. For P. ostreatus extract, the greatest
nematicide activity against P. redivivus was an LC50 of 1.22 ppm and nematicide activity against Meloidogyne
sp., was an LC50 of 0.01 ppm. The aqueous extract of T. minuta flowers showed low nematicide activity and
the aqueous extract of T. minuta leaf showed the best nematicide activity.
Keywords: nematicide; Tagetes minuta; Pleurotus ostreatus; Panagrellus redivivus; Meloidogyne sp.
Estudio químico y actividad antioxidante de la fracción lipídica de Bactris gasipaes Kunth (chonta) un fruto utilizado como alimento en la Amazonia ecuatoriana
Authors: Calva James , Sanchez Diana , Morocho Vladimir
Published: November 2024

La fracción lipídica del fruto Bactris gasipaes (chonta) se obtuvo mediante el método soxhlet utilizando
como disolvente hexano. Se realizó la caracterización química mediante cromatografía de gases acoplado a
ionización de llama (CG-FID): Un total de12 ácidos grasos fueron identificados, siendo los compuestos
mayoritarios los ácidos: oleico (51.75%), palmítico (28.52%), y linoleico (9.99%) respectivamente. Además,
se evaluó las propiedades físicas del aceite vegetal, índices de acidez (0.003%), yodo (49.43cg/g), refracción
(1.479) y de peróxidos (0.08 meqO2/kg). Finalmente, se valuó su actividad antioxidante mediante el
método DPPH (78.32 µM ET/g) y ABTS (39.59 µM ET/g).
Keywords: Bactris gasipaes, DPPH, ABTS, CG- FID, ácido oleico.
Fighting moniliasis in Orellana with sensors and PWA for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Urquizo Jessica , Jiménez Mirtha , Aguilar Pedro , Chango Wilson
Published: November 2024

The primary objective of this research was to enhance cocoa production and quality in tropical countries, such
as Latin America and Africa, where cocoa cultivation plays a pivotal role in the economy of rural communities.
The primary challenge addressed in this study was moniliasis, a fungal disease that affects cocoa fruits and
leads to a significant decline in crop production and quality. A multidisciplinary approach was employed to
tackle this issue, combining sensors, MongoDB Compass databases, Progressive Web Applications (PWAs),
and predictive models.
A research methodology incorporating predictive analysis techniques, particularly the logistic regression
method, was utilized to achieve early detection and efficient management of moniliasis. Data collection instruments included sensors monitoring vital environmental factors like humidity and temperature alongside
MongoDB Compass databases for storing and managing the gathered data. Furthermore, a PWA was developed for real-time data collection and analysis.
The results of implementing this sensor-based tool in cocoa cultivation were highly effective. Early detection
of moniliasis allowed for more precise preventive and corrective measures, resulting in a significant improvement in cocoa production and quality. These results were substantiated with concrete data demonstrating the
tool's efficacy.
Keywords: Data Prediction: Models and Applications; Efficient MongoDB Database Management; HighQuality Cocoa; Moniliasis: Treatment and Prevention; Progressive Web Apps (PWA): User Experience.
Tratamiento de tumores de ovario en progresión con la combinación terapéutica del AcM
Nimotuzumab y la vacuna NGGM3/VSSP
Authors: Ruiz Raiza , Hernández Daisy , Viada Carmen , García Jessica , Fors Martha , Ramos Mayra
Published: November 2024

El cáncer de ovario ocupa el tercer lugar entre los cánceres ginecológicos y representa el 4% de los cánceres en la mujer. Las inmunoterapias antitumorales constituyen nuevas herramientas terapéuticas para la identificación de moléculas que se expresen diferencialmente en las células tumorales. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio para evaluar la seguridad y eficacia de un preparado vacunal que contiene NGlicolilGM3 (NGGM3/VSSP) y el Anticuerpo Monoclonal Nimotuzumab (AcM CIMAher). Ambos productos han demostrado ser seguros y se pueden aplicar en combinación con la quimioterapia (QTP). La supervivencia (SV) del grupo de pacientes a las que se les aplicó QTP, AcM Nimotuzumab y la vacuna NGGM3/VSSP fue superior al grupo que no recibió quimioterapia. El efecto antitumoral de la combinación puede ser sinérgico,
ya que las terapias van dirigidas a dos blancos tumorales y actúan a través de mecanismos diferentes.
Palabras claves: cáncer de ovario, quimioterapia, inmunoterapia, AcM Nimotuzumab, vacuna NGGM3/VSSP
Tillæg til Fanerogamerne og Karsporeplanterne
Authors: Lange Joh.
Published: November 2024

Resumé ikke tilgængeligt
Control of foreign investment in the fisheries sector
Authors: Milchakova Olesya Vladimirovna
Published: November 2024

The object of the study is the relations connected with foreign investment in strategic sectors of the economy, the subject is the relations connected with foreign participation in the sphere of fisheries. The following topics are considered in detail: the grounds for increased control over foreign investments in the sphere of fisheries; the concepts of «strategic economic entity engaged in fishing», «foreign investor», «group of persons, which includes a foreign investor», used for the purposes of regulating relations in the sphere of fisheries; legislative restrictions on foreign participation in the sphere of fisheries; consequences of violation of the rules on restricting foreign participation. Particular attention is paid to the issues of interpretation of the concept of «strategic economic entity», and to the interpretation of the law when applied to the foreign investor using the right to extract (catch) aquatic bioresources. The methodological basis of the study was formed by general logical methods of theoretical analysis, special formal-legal, empirical methods and the method of technical-legal analysis. The made the following conclusions regarding the specifics of foreign participation control in the fisheries sector: 1) it is justified to use a broad approach to the concept of a «strategic economic entity», which allows recognizing a company as such regardless of whether it has the right to extract (catch) aquatic biological resources; 2) the legal regime of a single economic entity applies to a group of persons and the same restrictions apply as to an investor acting autonomously; 3) in the fisheries sector, stricter barriers to foreign participation are established, compared to other strategic industries; 4) in case of violation of the legislation in the sector under consideration, measures of both civil and administrative nature are applied simultaneously.
Economic and social aspects of long-term operation of the longest road bridge in Poland - of temporary structure
Authors: Mistewicz Marek
Published: November 2024

The paper describes the history of the road bridge over the Vistula river in Wyszogród between the years 1916 and 1999. Originally built in 1916 the bridge was destroyed two times during the Second World War, then reconstructed and adopted several times before and after the war, as well as rehabilitated after collapses caused by ice drifts and fire. There were seven types of the analysed temporary bridge, including two floating ones and five superstructures supported on wooden piers, which are mentioned in the paper. Keeping the bridge in operation was costly and hence opinions that it was maintained generally for social and military reasons. An ex post cost-benefit analysis was carried out for the reconstruction of the temporary bridge after the collapse in 1993 and it showed that keeping in place the temporary bridge was a cost-efficient option even when compared to the new construction in 1999.
Control of 3ʹ splice site selection by the yeast splicing factor Fyv6
Authors: Senn Katherine A , Lipinski Karli A , Zeps Natalie J , Griffin Amory F , Wilkinson Max E , Hoskins Aaron A
Published: November 2024

Pre-mRNA splicing is catalyzed in two steps: 5ʹ splice site (SS) cleavage and exon ligation. A number of proteins transiently associate with spliceosomes to specifically impact these steps (1
st
and 2
nd
step factors). We recently identified Fyv6 (FAM192A in humans) as a 2
nd
step factor in
S. cerevisiae
; however, we did not determine how widespread Fyv6’s impact is on the transcriptome. To answer this question, we have used RNA-seq to analyze changes in splicing. These results show that loss of Fyv6 results in activation of non-consensus, branch point (BP) proximal 3ʹ SS transcriptome-wide. To identify the molecular basis of these observations, we determined a high-resolution cryo-EM structure of a yeast product complex spliceosome containing Fyv6 at 2.3 Å. The structure reveals that Fyv6 is the only 2
nd
step factor that contacts the Prp22 ATPase and that Fyv6 binding is mutually exclusive with that of the 1
st
step factor Yju2. We then use this structure to dissect Fyv6 functional domains and interpret results of a genetic screen for
fyv61
suppressor mutations. The combined transcriptomic, structural, and genetic studies allow us to propose a model in which Yju2/Fyv6 exchange facilitates exon ligation and Fyv6 promotes usage of consensus, BP distal 3ʹ SS.
The Shigella flexneri effector IpaH1.4 facilitates RNF213 degradation and protects cytosolic bacteria against interferon-induced ubiquitylation
Authors: Saavedra-Sanchez Luz , Dickinson Mary S , Apte Shruti , Zhang Yifeng , de Jong Maarten , Skavicus Samantha , Heaton Nicholas S , Alto Neal M , Coers Jörn
Published: November 2024

A central signal that marshals host defense against many infections is the lymphocyte-derived cytokine interferon-gamma (IFNγ). The IFNγ receptor is expressed on most human cells and its activation leads to the expression of antimicrobial proteins that execute diverse cell-autonomous immune programs. One such immune program consists of the sequential detection, ubiquitylation, and destruction of intracellular pathogens. Recently, the IFNγ-inducible ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF213 was identified as a pivotal mediator of such a defense axis. RNF213 provides host protection against viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens. To establish infections, potentially susceptible intracellular pathogens must have evolved mechanisms that subdue RNF213-controlled cell-autonomous immunity. In support of this hypothesis, we demonstrate here that a causative agent of bacillary dysentery,
Shigella flexneri,
uses the type III secretion system (T3SS) effector IpaH1.4 to induce the degradation of RNF213.
S. flexneri
mutants lacking IpaH1.4 expression are bound and ubiquitylated by RNF213 in the cytosol of IFNγ-primed host cells. Linear (M1-) and lysine-linked ubiquitin is conjugated to bacteria by RNF213 independent of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC). We find that ubiquitylation of
S. flexneri
is insufficient to kill intracellular bacteria, suggesting that
S. flexneri
employs additional virulence factors to escape from host defenses that operate downstream from RNF213-driven ubiquitylation. In brief, this study identified the bacterial IpaH1.4 protein as a direct inhibitor of mammalian RNF213 and highlights evasion of RNF213-driven immunity as a characteristic of the human-tropic pathogen
Shigella
.
Microbes with higher metabolic independence are enriched in human gut microbiomes under stress
Authors: Veseli Iva , Chen Yiqun T , Schechter Matthew S , Vanni Chiara , Fogarty Emily C , Watson Andrea R , Jabri Bana , Blekhman Ran , Willis Amy D , Yu Michael K , Fernàndez-Guerra Antonio , Füssel Jessika , Eren A Murat
Published: November 2024

A wide variety of human diseases are associated with loss of microbial diversity in the human gut, inspiring a great interest in the diagnostic or therapeutic potential of the microbiota. However, the ecological forces that drive diversity reduction in disease states remain unclear, rendering it difficult to ascertain the role of the microbiota in disease emergence or severity. One hypothesis to explain this phenomenon is that microbial diversity is diminished as disease states select for microbial populations that are more fit to survive environmental stress caused by inflammation or other host factors. Here, we tested this hypothesis on a large scale, by developing a software framework to quantify the enrichment of microbial metabolisms in complex metagenomes as a function of microbial diversity. We applied this framework to over 400 gut metagenomes from individuals who are healthy or diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We found that high metabolic independence (HMI) is a distinguishing characteristic of microbial communities associated with individuals diagnosed with IBD. A classifier we trained using the normalized copy numbers of 33 HMI-associated metabolic modules not only distinguished states of health versus IBD, but also tracked the recovery of the gut microbiome following antibiotic treatment, suggesting that HMI is a hallmark of microbial communities in stressed gut environments.
Extramacrochaetae regulates Notch signaling in the Drosophila eye through non-apoptotic caspase activity
Authors: Nair Sudershana , Baker Nicholas E
Published: November 2024

Many cell fate decisions are determined transcriptionally. Accordingly, some fate specification is prevented by Inhibitor of DNA-binding (Id) proteins that interfere with DNA binding by master regulatory transcription factors. We show that the Drosophila Id protein Extra macrochaetae (Emc) also affects developmental decisions by regulating caspase activity. Emc, which prevents proneural bHLH transcription factors from specifying neural cell fate, also prevents homodimerization of another bHLH protein, Daughterless (Da), and thereby maintains expression of the Death-Associated Inhibitor of Apoptosis (diap1) gene. Accordingly, we found that multiple effects of emc mutations on cell growth and on eye development were all caused by activation of caspases. These effects included acceleration of the morphogenetic furrow, failure of R7 photoreceptor cell specification, and delayed differentiation of non-neuronal cone cells. Within emc mutant clones, Notch signaling was elevated in the morphogenetic furrow, increasing morphogenetic furrow speed. This was associated with caspase-dependent increase in levels of Delta protein, the transmembrane ligand for Notch. Posterior to the morphogenetic furrow, elevated Delta cis-inhibited Notch signaling that was required for R7 specification and cone cell differentiation. Growth inhibition of emc mutant clones in wing imaginal discs also depended on caspases. Thus, emc mutations reveal the importance of restraining caspase activity even in non-apoptotic cells to prevent abnormal development, in the Drosophila eye through effects on Notch signaling.
Clinical phenotypes in acute and chronic infarction explained through human ventricular electromechanical modelling and simulations
Authors: Zhou Xin , Wang Zhinuo Jenny , Camps Julia , Tomek Jakub , Santiago Alfonso , Quintanas Adria , Vazquez Mariano , Vaseghi Marmar , Rodriguez Blanca
Published: November 2024

Sudden death after myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with electrophysiological heterogeneities and ionic current remodelling. Low ejection fraction (EF) is used in risk stratification, but its mechanistic links with pro-arrhythmic heterogeneities are unknown. We aim to provide mechanistic explanations of clinical phenotypes in acute and chronic MI, from ionic current remodelling to ECG and EF, using human electromechanical modelling and simulation to augment experimental and clinical investigations. A human ventricular electromechanical modelling and simulation framework is constructed and validated with rich experimental and clinical datasets, incorporating varying degrees of ionic current remodelling as reported in literature. In acute MI, T-wave inversion and Brugada phenocopy were explained by conduction abnormality and local action potential prolongation in the border zone. In chronic MI, upright tall T-waves highlight large repolarisation dispersion between the border and remote zones, which promoted ectopic propagation at fast pacing. Post-MI EF at resting heart rate was not sensitive to the extent of repolarisation heterogeneity and the risk of repolarisation abnormalities at fast pacing. T-wave and QT abnormalities are better indicators of repolarisation heterogeneities than EF in post-MI.
Nicotine enhances the stemness and tumorigenicity in intestinal stem cells via Hippo-YAP/TAZ and Notch signal pathway
Authors: Isotani Ryosuke , Igarashi Masaki , Miura Masaomi , Naruse Kyoko , Kuranami Satoshi , Katoh Manami , Nomura Seitaro , Yamauchi Toshimasa
Published: November 2024

Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor inducing the development and progression of various diseases. Nicotine (NIC) is the major constituent of cigarette smoke. However, knowledge of the mechanism underlying the NIC-regulated stem cell functions is limited. In this study, we demonstrate that NIC increases the abundance and proliferative activity of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in vivo and ex vivo. Moreover, NIC induces Yes-associated protein (YAP) /Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and Notch signaling in ISCs via α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) and protein kinase C (PKC) activation; this effect was not detected in Paneth cells. The inhibition of Notch signaling by dibenzazepine (DBZ) nullified the effects of NIC on ISCs. NIC enhances in vivo tumor formation from ISCs after loss of the tumor suppressor gene Apc, DBZ inhibited NIC-induced tumor growth. Hence, this study identifies a NIC-triggered pathway regulating the stemness and tumorigenicity of ISCs and suggests the use of DBZ as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating intestinal tumors.
NE contribution to rebooting unconsciousness caused by midazolam
Authors: Gu LeYuan , Shao WeiHui , Liu Lu , Xu Qing , Wang YuLing , Gu JiaXuan , Yang Yue , Zhang ZhuoYue , Wu YaXuan , Shen Yue , Yu Qian , Lian XiTing , Ma HaiXiang , Zhang YuanLi , Zhang HongHai
Published: November 2024

The advent of midazolam holds profound implications for modern clinical practice. The hypnotic and sedative effects of midazolam afford it broad clinical applicability. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the modulation of altered consciousness by midazolam remain elusive. Herein, using pharmacology, optogenetics, chemogenetics, fiber photometry, and gene knockdown, this in vivo research revealed the role of locus coeruleus (LC)-ventrolateral preoptic nucleus noradrenergic neural circuit in regulating midazolam-induced altered consciousness. This effect was mediated by α1 adrenergic receptors. Moreover, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABAA-R) represents a mechanistically crucial binding site in the LC for midazolam. These findings will provide novel insights into the neural circuit mechanisms underlying the recovery of consciousness after midazolam administration and will help guide the timing of clinical dosing and propose effective intervention targets for timely recovery from midazolam-induced loss of consciousness.
Análisis de la diversidad biocultural en la cuenca Mediterránea: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: López-Moreno Silvia , Castro Antonio , Otamendi-Urroz Irene , Quintas-Soriano Cristina
Published: November 2024

La diversidad biocultural describe la variabilidad de todas las formas de vida, abarcando simultáneamente aspectos biológicos, culturales y lingüísticos, y reconociendo como estos están interconectados dentro de los sistemas socio-ecológicos. La diversidad biocultural reconoce la relación singular entre los seres humanos y su entorno natural; y pone en valor los conocimientos locales, creencias, prácticas y valores culturales que la definen. Los enfoques bioculturales persiguen superar las divisiones disciplinarias entre ciencias sociales y naturales para así abordar conjuntamente los desafíos de sostenibilidad en un mundo en evolución constante. Para lograr esto es necesario aclarar qué conocimiento científico existe entorno al concepto de diversidad biocultural. Con el objetivo de comprender mejor este concepto y su conocimiento asociado en una región tan rica bioculturalmente como es la cuenca Mediterránea, este estudio realiza una revisión sistemática de la literatura desde 1990 hasta 2021. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron identificar los sistemas socio-ecológicos y los componentes de la diversidad biocultural más estudiados. Los resultados revelaron que una gran cantidad de los estudios se realizaron en ecosistemas rurales y agroecosistemas, abarcando una amplia diversidad de paisajes, y centrándose en los usos de distintas especies de plantas y sus nombres vernáculos. Sin embargo, pese al incremento de atención por parte de la comunidad científica hacia la diversidad biocultural en los últimos años, sigue siendo necesario estudiar en mayor profundidad las dinámicas socio-ecológicas que promueven su conservación y fomentar las oportunidades para su aplicación en la mitigación del abandono rural.
Effect of Time of Foliar Application of Different Bio-stimulants on Growth, Yield and Economics of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Mid Hills of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Sharma Diksha , Bochalya Ranjeet Singh , Choudhary Kartikeya , Kumar Rohit , Chandel Samriti , Thakur Amisha , Kapoor Aman
Published: November 2024

The field experiment was conducted at Shoolini University, Solan during rabi season of 2023-24 to study the effect of time of foliar application of different bio-stimulants on growth, yield and economics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction with EC in safer range, higher in organic carbon and phosphorus, medium in available nitrogen and potassium. The field experiment was laid out in split plot design comprising three time of foliar application in main plot viz. (G1) Pre-flowering, (G2) Pod initiation and (G3) Pre-flowering + Pod initiation and four Bio-stimulants in sub-plot viz. (B1) Vermiwash at 10% solution, (B2) Cow urine at 10% solution, (B3) Jeevamrit at 10% solution and (B4) Panchagavya at 3% solution. Recommended dose of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (30:60:30 kg ha-1) were applied through urea, SSP and MOP, respectively at the time of sowing as basal dose. Himachal Channa-2 variety of chickpea was used for sowing. The results indicated that the foliar application of Panchagavya at 3% solution at Pre-flowering + Pod initiation recorded significantly higher yield attributes and yield and economics viz. number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, grain, straw, biological yield, gross returns, net returns and BCR over rest of the treatments.
Morphological Characterization of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines with their Respective Maintainers in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)
Authors: Prashar Arshia , Mehta DK , Kumar Ramesh , Dogra RK , Srishti
Published: November 2024

Forty lines of cauliflower (Twenty CMS and their respective maintainers) were evaluated and analyzed for twenty-two morphological traits. The experimental results showed that maximum stalk length was observed in CMS line UHF-CAU-16A (15.86cm) and minimum stalk length was observed in line UHF-CAU-4A (4.22cm). While among the maintainer lines maximum stalk length was observed in UHF-CAU-16B (17.46cm) and minimum stalk length was observed in lines UHF-CAU-5B and UHF-CAU-10B (10.00cm). Days to curd initiation was found to be maximum (130 days) in CMS lines (UHF-CAU-9A, UHF-CAU-10A, UHF- CAU-17A and UHF-CAU-20A) and minimum in lines UHF-CAU-1A, UHF-CAU-2A, UHF-CAU-4A, UHF-CAU-7A, UHF-CAU-12A, UHF-CAU-15A and UHF-CAU-18A (100 days). Whereas in the maintainer line the days to curd initiation was significantly higher (131.04 days) in line UHF-CAU-20B and minimum (99.80 days) in line UHF-CAU- 4B. CMS line UHF-CAU-13A (13.50 cm) recorded maximum curd polar diameter and maintainer line, UHF-CAU-13B (14.86 cm) recorded significantly higher curd polar diameter. Curd equatorial diameter was found to be maximum (19.80 cm) in CMS line UHF-CAU-16A. Whereas, among the maintainer lines, the curd equatorial diameter was significantly higher (21.40cm) in line UHF-CAU-13B. Further analysis of the lines by paired t-test showed significant differences between the CMS lines and their respective maintainer pair in terms of different morphological traits, providing evidence to the negative effects caused by the male sterile cytoplasm in the cytoplasmic male sterile lines of cauliflower.
A Survey of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Technology in 3D Printing
Authors: A.Elsonbaty Amira. , MRashad Alaa , Abass Omnia.Y. , Y.Abdelghany Tasneem , MAlfauiomy Areej
Published: November 2024

This survey provides a thorough examination of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), a prevalent 3D printing technology known for its accessibility and versatility. FDM has emerged as a transformative tool across various industries, including healthcare, aerospace, automotive, and education. This paper reviews recent advancements in FDM technology, focusing on   material innovations, process optimization, and application areas. We analyze the benefits and limitations of FDM, including   print   quality, speed, cost-effectiveness, and   environmental   impact. Furthermore, we explore emerging trends and future directions in FDM research, highlighting the potential for enhanced customization, sustainability, and integration with other manufacturing technologies. This survey aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of FDM's current landscape and its implications for future developments in 3D printing.
Role of Yoghurt Cultures and Incubation Time in Enhancing Sensory Qualities of Yoghurt and Water Holding Capacity of Greek Yoghurt
Authors: Sweety  , Harinivenugopal  , R Devaraju , H Arunkumar , B Ramachandra , M Venkatesh
Published: November 2024

Aims: The current research study aimed to investigate the impact of varying starter concentration, incubation temperature and temperature individually on sensory characteristics of yoghurt and water holding capacity of Greek yoghurt.
Study Design:  The study was experimental and was laboratory-based for optimizing the base for Greek yoghurt spread production.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Dairy Technology, Dairy Science College, Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Between January 2024 and October 2024. 
Methodology: Yoghurt was prepared by different levels of starter culture concentration (1, 2 and 3%) and incubation period (4, 5 and 6 hours) with optimization based on sensory analysis using 9- point hedonic scale. Water holding capacity was analyzed using the centrifugation method.
Results: The Study elucidated that yoghurt prepared with inoculation of 2% starter culture concentration showcased the most favourable sensory characteristics obtaining a high score in flavour (8.4), colour and appearance (8.37), body and texture (8.44) and overall acceptability (8.49) on a 9-point hedonic scale. Among the different incubation hours at 42ºC, a 5-hour duration yielded the most promising results with sensory evaluations achieving 8.46, 8.42, 8.53 and 8.53 for flavour, colour and appearance, body and texture and overall acceptability, respectively. In addition, the combination of a 2% starter culture and 5-hour incubation at 42ºC resulted in highest water holding capacity, quantified as 76.11%.  
Conclusion: The study showed that the sensory qualities of yoghurt and water-holding capacity of Greek yoghurt are greatly influenced by the optimal yoghurt culture concentration and incubation time, with the most favourable results obtained with a 2% culture addition and a 5-hour incubation period.