bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-world treatment outcomes in muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer care
Authors:   , Reesink Daan Johan
Published: May 2024

The dissertation describes the outcomes of bladder cancer care in the seven Santeon Hospitals (Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven; Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Martini Hospital, Groningen; Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; OLVG, Amsterdam; St. Antonius Hospital, Utrecht/Nieuwegein), collectively responsible for approximately 11% of Dutch hospital care.
Before comparing outcomes of bladder cancer care among different patients, treatments, and hospitals in the Netherlands or internationally, standardized data collection methods must first be established. Therefore, a standardized set of outcome measures was developed for this dissertation. This set can be used for precise and uniform data collection, facilitating population-based cohort studies ("real-world studies"). The set was developed by a dedicated team of medical specialists, epidemiologists, registration specialists, nurses, and representatives of patient organizations. As a result, the outcome set reflects what is important to everyone, a step forward in personalized care.
Data on nine years of bladder cancer care were collected in the Santeon Hospitals. Our findings demonstrate that the hospital where a patient is treated matters. For example, there is a difference between the use of chemotherapy before bladder removal or in the offering of bladder-sparing treatments. These factors influence patient survival and quality of life.
Additionally, outcomes were compared with clinical trials and other "real-world" studies. Our findings show that among bladder cancer patients who are still curable, curative treatments are more frequently used compared to patients in other Western countries. However, chemotherapy is less frequently offered in the palliative setting. When a patient undergoes chemotherapy, they are less likely to complete their course due to adverse events, and they achieve a survival rate of only ±75%, compared to the same patients in clinical trials. Also, our findings show that there seems to be no survival difference in palliative patients treated with cisplatin or carboplatin chemotherapy, even though the latter is regarded as inferior in the medical world.
These outcomes provide an opportunity to reflect on current bladder cancer care and will shape the care of tomorrow.
Media Sosial sebagai Sumber Belajar bagi Generasi Z
Authors: Pujiono Andrias , Kanafi Kanafi , Farida Maraiati
Published: May 2024

The main reason for this research is the attachment of Generation Z's life to social media. The author is interested in proving that social media is sufficient and interesting to be a source of learning for Generation Z. This research uses a literature study. With the established research stages, the authors can present a research result that can be accounted for. The result of this study is that social media can be used as a learning resource for Generation Z. However, teachers can be selective and provide appropriate references to students, which accounts and what types of social media contain educational content and those relevant to the theme—being studied. AbstrakLekatnya kehidupan Generasi Z dengan media sosial menjadi alasan utama penelitian ini dilakukan. Penulis tertarik untuk membuktikan bahwa media sosial mencukupi dan menarik untuk dijadikan sumber belajar bagi generasi Z. penelitian ini menggunakan studi kepustakaan. Dengan tahapan-tahapan penelitian yang ditetapkan, penulis yakin dapat menyajikan suatu hasil penelitian yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah media sosial dapat dijadikan sumber belajar bagi generasi Z. Namun demikian, para guru dapat berupaya selektif dan mampu memberikan rujukan yang tepat kepada peserta didik, akun mana saja dan apa jenis media sosial yang memuat konten edukasi, serta yang relevan dengan tema yang sedang dipelajari.
Peran Pendidikan Agama Kristen Keluarga dalam Mengatasi Pernikahan Dini di Era Teknologi Digital
Authors: Laondang Jilian Kristina , Rombe Eunice Yatundu , Aritonang Delinda Elizabeth , Rantung Dyoys Anneke , Naibaho Lamhot
Published: May 2024

Banyaknya kasus pernikahan dini yang terjadi yang terjadi dikalangan remaja menjadi latar belakang penulisan ini. Faktor penyebabnya adalah kurangnya pemahaman mengenai pentingnya pendidikan, kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat mengenai bahaya pernikahan dini, keinginan orangtua menimang cucu lebih cepat, rendahnya ekonomi, pergaulan bebas, dan pengaruh lingkungan (keinginan mengikuti teman sebaya yang sudah menikah). Salah satu masalah utama yang dikaji peneliti adalah kurangnya peran Pendidikan Agama Kristen keluarga mengakibatkan remaja melakukan pernikahan dini. Oleh karena itu, bagaimana Pendidikan Agama Kristen keluarga dapat mengatasi pernikahan saat ini. Kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur adalah metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peran pendidikan agama Kristen keluarga dalam mengatasi fenomena pernikahan dini di era teknologi digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur. Hasilnya, dalam mengatasi pernikahan dini yang semakin banyak terjadi di era teknologi digital sangat dibutuhkan peran pendidikan agama Kristen keluarga agar setiap remaja memiliki pandangan yang baik terkait masa depan mereka.
Implikasi Teori Tindakan Komunikasi Habermas dalam Pendidikan Kristen
Authors: Triposa Reni , Sinaga Reynold P. , Jatmiko Indri
Published: May 2024

Teori tindakan komunikasi Habermas menegaskan bahwa komunikasi antara orang-orang dalam lingkup kebersamaan harus mencapai konsensus berdasarkan pemahaman yang menempatkan prioritas untuk saling, menyelesaikan kontradiksi, perselisihan, dan konflik melalui dialog yang tulus, dan akhirnya mewujudkan cita-cita masyarakat yang rasional. Mengunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi literatur maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa konteks pendidikan Kristen, prinsip-prinsip teori komunikasi Habermas juga dapat diterapkan dengan menekankan dialog terbuka tentang nilai-nilai Kristen, toleransi terhadap pandangan yang berbeda, dan pengembangan keterampilan berbicara dan mendengarkan yang baik. Dengan demikian, pendidik Kristen dapat mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai iman Kristiani dengan prinsip-prinsip komunikasi yang sehat dalam pendidikan.
Supervisi Akademik Untuk Peningkatkan Kinerja Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Authors: Pa Hemi Bara , Afi Kristian E. Y. M. , Banamtuan Maglon Ferdinand
Published: May 2024

Tujuan riset ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan supervisi akademik oleh pengawas untuk meningkatkan kinerja guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Metode yang digunakan pada riset ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Maka hasil yang diperoleh pada saat melakukan riset tersebut adalah 1). Perencanaan supervisi akademik dilakukan oleh pengawas adalah melakukan koordinasi dengan Kepala Sekolah untuk membimbing dan mengarahkan guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen untuk selalu mempersiapkan seluruh perangkat pembelajaran sebagai kelengkapan dari supervisi akademik; 2). Pelaksanaan supervisi akademik, pelaksanaan supervisi akademik yang dilakukan oleh pengawas selalu diberikan keluasan kepada guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen untuk tetap mengajar di dalam kelas; 3). Evaluasi supervisi akademik yang dilakukan oleh pengawas kepada guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen ada memberikan laporan tertulis kepada pengawas dan kepala sekolah tentang hasil belajar siswa; dan 4). Tindak Lanjut supervisi akademik, laporan hasil evaluasi belajar yang dimasukan ke pengawas dan kepala sekolah dijadikan sebagai bahan untuk evaluasi untuk mempertimbangkan kinerja guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen.
‘Slave-Ships on Fantastic Seas’: The Art of Abolition
Authors: Plasa Carl
Published: May 2024

This chapter switches attention from ekphrases on Turner’s The Slave Ship to consider the literary legacies of three abolitionist images from British and French traditions: Stowage of the British Slave Ship ‘Brookes’ under the Regulated Slave Trade Act of 1788 (c. 1788); Description of a Slave Ship (1789); and ‘Négrier Poursuivi, Jetant ses Nègres à la Mer’ (‘Slave Ship Being Pursued, Throwing its Blacks into the Sea’), an undated illustration thought to be from the early part of the nineteenth century and included in volume four of Charles van Tenac’s Histoire Générale de la Marine (General History of the Navy) (1847–8). The afterlives of these visual materials are analysed in the diverse contexts of contemporary African American poetry (using examples from the work of Elizabeth Alexander and Honorée Fanonne Jeffers) and in Matthew Plampin’s Will & Tom (2015), a densely plotted and tonally mercurial novel by a white British author which imagines Turner’s early artistic career.
The Aesthetics of Space and Absence: Üç Maymun/Three Monkeys (2008) and Bir Zamanlar Anadolu’da/Once Upon a Time in Anatolia (2011) 1
Authors: Ochonicky Adam
Published: May 2024

This chapter analyzes aesthetic elements in Üç Maymun/Three Monkeys (2008) and Bir Zamanlar Anadolu’da/Once Upon a Time in Anatolia (2011) with a particular focus on Ceylan’s treatment of space and absence within the film frame. It demonstrates how Ceylan projects ruminations on time, death and history into the very landscapes and environments upon which the narratives unfold.
The centrality of death and the indeterminacy of the past are reflected in the aesthetics of both films through a continuous interplay between the external and the internal, the visible and the invisible. The landscapes of absence reveal the haunted nature of the present and accentuate the lingering effects of the deaths that occur within the narratives transforming seemingly realistic environments into abstract spaces in which absence is present and the visible is unreliable.
Through Ceylan’s spatialization of absence, this chapter situates Ceylan within a tradition of art cinema, from Antonioni to contemporary peers like Lucrecia Martel. Scholarship on comparable dynamics in the work of other filmmakers (such as Seymour Chatman’s study of Antonioni) and philosopher George Herbert Mead’s theory of the “specious present” are used to develop the arguments.
Staying in the Primary Home, Relationships, Desires to Go and Roots: Kış Uykusu/Winter Sleep (2018) and Ahlat Ağacı/The Wild Pear Tree (2018)
Authors: Akbulut Hasan
Published: May 2024

Focusing on Ceylan's Kış Uykusu/Winter Sleep (2014) and Ahlat Ağacı/The Wild Pear Tree (2018), this chapter investigates relationships between characters as performance with a dramaturgical approach and discusses the dynamics behind their desires to go, their search for roots and belonging and the provinciality they carry within themselves. The meaning of the primary home for the characters is explored employing the text analysis technique supported by semantic, psychoanalytic and sociological criticisms arguing that such ties have a contradictory nature. The two interrelated focuses are the relationship performance that stands out clearly in Winter Sleep and then the crisis of belonging in The Wild Pear Tree. Aydın in Winter Sleep wants to escape to Istanbul, but his ties force him to stay in the countryside. These ties are related to belonging to a country geographically, socially and historically. Sinan, in The Wild Pear Tree fails to escape his small town and lives his father's destiny. The chapter explores how personal history and collective past, personal and social memory coexist in these films. Having an identity involves a contradictory attachment to a place, geography, history and culture and an effort to confront the past.
Town and Country Planning Becomes Established
Authors: Hope Douglas G.
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the origins of town and country planning in the UK and describes how it was put into practice by the four counties: Peeblesshire, Selkirkshire, Roxburghshire and Berwickshire, in the 1940s and 1950s. It focuses on some of the key events: the series of Royal Commissions set up during the Second World War into specific problems related to the control of development; the growth in interest in regional planning in Scotland, including the production of the Regional Plan for Central and South East Scotland by Sir Frank Mears, within which the Scottish Borders was an integral part; and the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1947, which provided the basis for post-war land use planning. The chapter compares and contrasts the different ways in which the four counties implemented the 1947 Act.
Planning and Development Become Inexorably Linked
Authors: Hope Douglas G.
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the growing influence of central government, the Scottish Office, on town and country planning in the Scottish Borders in the 1960s through the issue of the White Paper on the Scottish Economy, the decision to proceed with the Tweedbank Development and the revival of the regional approach to planning with the commissioning of the Central Borders Study. It discusses the local planning authorities’ response to the Central Borders Plan and describes how planning and economic development became inexorably linked in a bid to stem the long-term depopulation of the region. It describes the work of the two development associations established by the local planning authorities; the Peebles, Roxburgh and Selkirk Joint Planning Advisory Committee (JPAC) and the Eastern Borders Development Association (EBDA), and their success in attracting new industries and incoming workers to the region and in stabilising the population of the region.
The 1990s: A Time of Uncertainty
Authors: Hope Douglas G.
Published: May 2024

The 1990s was a period of uncertainty, with a downturn in the economy and a number of significant organisational and operational changes amongst Scotland’s principal agencies: the establishment of Scottish Homes, the emergence of Scottish Enterprise in place of the Scottish Development Agency, the amalgamation of the Countryside Commission for Scotland and the Nature Conservancy Council for Scotland to form Scottish Natural Heritage. There was also an increasing involvement of central government, the Scottish Development Department, in the provision of national planning policy and guidance on a range of matters. Chapter eight reviews the regional economy in the 1990s and details how the regional council dealt with these challenges and, against an uncertain future, produced a new structure plan, The Scottish Borders 2001: The Way Forward, which was less optimistic than its predecessor and signalled new directions for planning and development in the Borders Region.
In and Out of Government: 1999–2021
Authors: Torrance David
Published: May 2024

This final chronological chapter looks at the Scottish Liberal Democrats as they returned to being a party of government, first as part of a coalition with Labour in the first two terms of the Scottish Parliament, and second as part of another coalition at Westminster, this time with the Conservatives. The first proved more successful than the second for the party in Scotland. Having bucked the general fortunes of junior coalition partners in 2003 and 2007, the party once again declined after 2010. Until 2015, however, it remained influential in the constitutional realm, helping shape the historic independence referendum of 2014.
Shakespeare’s Ingenuity: Humanism, Materialism, and One Early Modern Self
Authors: Altman Joel B.
Published: May 2024

This chapter opens with an account of Greenes, Groats-worth of witte, bought with a million of Repentance, a semi-autobiographical fiction in which the protagonist warns his fellow writers to beware “an upstart Crow, beautified with our feathers, that with his Tygers hart wrapt in a Players hyde, supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blanke verse as the best of you; and being an absolute Johannes fac totum, is in his owne conceit the only Shake-scene in a country.” Here Greene’s jealousy emerges not only to attack his rival for behaving like a know-it-all, but to use an epithet that has a deep history in the humanist tradition, going back to the Latin poet Horace, who mocks the Greek philosopher Celsus for inertly imitating his betters (whose “feathers” he has stolen). Thus the chapter argues that literary imitation is not simply adherence to one’s model, for the model itself is subject to refashioning and paradoxically lies at the heart of the project of imitation. Moreover, as one imitates, he reshapes himself through his ingenium, the cognitive instrument by means of which imitation includes difference. This is demonstrated by close analyses of Othello and Hamlet.
Working for/working with/working against – Widows and the Politics and Poetics of Genre
Authors: Grotkopp Matthias
Published: May 2024

This close analysis of McQueen’s Widows argues that the widows’ heist contests a world ruled by masculinity and racism. It also suggests that McQueen works neither for or against the popular genre format, but works instead with it, in a way which repeatedly eludes simple outcomes by avoiding both catastrophic and happy endings.
Dilemmas of Deliberative Democracy in the European Union: Why (Not) and How (Not)?
Authors: Cengiz Firat
Published: May 2024

The chapter focuses on the possible role for deliberative arrangements to achieve such inclusive participatory goals and goes on to discuss the dilemmas that may arise when such concrete arrangements are introduced. The chapter builds on longstanding discussions on deliberative democracy as a method geared towards achieving compromise and consensus. It focuses, in particular, on dilemmas related to finding a balance between deliberative arrangements and formal representative procedures in a multi-level system such as the European Union. The chapter uses the discussion on such tensions to explore new ways to understand the potential role of deliberative democratic tools for EU democracy. The chapter offers some preliminary proposals regarding the incorporation of deliberative democracy at different points of the EU’s decision-making processes, as well as pointing to some possible pitfalls of such arrangements.
On Compulsiveness and Excessiveness: ‘Arabic’
Authors: Nashef Ismail
Published: May 2024

The first chapter discusses the social history of the use of literary Arabic and its products among the Palestinians in Israel. It starts with analytical descriptions of the modern institutions designated by Israel to administer literary Arabic and its products, as used by Palestinian citizens of Israel. These include the Arabic education system, newspapers, literary magazines, publishing houses, and the language academy, among others. This material-institutional infrastructure was initiated by Israel as part of its reactions to the consequences of the war of 1948. The chapter then moves to analytically describe how the Palestinians coped with these consequences. It traces the structural conditions that enabled reading and writing within that group following its constitutive event–the Nakba.
Introduction
Authors: Zaharijevic Adriana
Published: May 2024

The introduction begins by indicating an almost paradoxical dynamic of philosophy and politics that gives shape to Butler’s thought. The double commitment – to urgency of action and to the scrupulous labour of thinking – is a crucial part of the peculiar performativity of Butler’s work. The introduction points to several cornerstone ideas that organize the book as a whole: insurrection at the level of ontology, Butler’s politics of philosophy, their philosophical struggle for the reduction of violence, their framing of social ontology the political impetus of which is radical equality. The second part of the introductory chapter lays down the structure of the book, focusing on its two-step architectonic. It is explained that the entire book is organised ‘in doubles’ to reflect Butler’s double commitment.
Ontology and Politics
Authors: Zaharijevic Adriana
Published: May 2024

The chapter explains why Butler’s text needs to be understood as philosophical and political. It opens with the claim that Butler’s philosophy is queer, organized around insurrection at the level of ontology, and interested in opening up of possibilities. Butler’s understanding of politics centres on the political in medias res, the new and collective struggle. The chapter further elucidates Butler’s notion of performative universality and cultural translation. The chapter functions as a sort of glossary of the key ontological and political linkages in Butler’s work, among which the notion of the human has a particularly significant place.
Conclusion
Authors: Ahmed Zahid Shahab , Akbar Ali
Published: May 2024

This chapter presents a synthesis of our key arguments presented in various chapters to show how Iran’s soft power instruments have been employed and received in both countries. This chapter particularly focuses on differences between Iran’s soft power resources, instrument and strategies in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Considering the recent developments in Afghanistan in the shape of the Taliban’s takeover, this chapter also discusses possible or likely modifications in Iran’s soft power strategies might change.
Commodity
Authors: Wadiwel Dinesh Joseph
Published: May 2024

Chapter 3 explores two commodity forms of food animals: as raw materials and consumption commodities. The Chapter unpacks the philosophical elaboration of the commodity that Marx offers in Chapter 1 of Capital, and its implications for animals who enter production as a raw material. Animals here are “fabricated” in particular ways: both made to appear as having a use value for production and simultaneously established as a form of currency that highlights human supremacy. Within the sphere of consumption, animals circulate as animal products. They function within the biopolitics of the reproduction of human populations, and in this sense participate, in “the reproduction of reproduction.” Animal products exist as an object of human wages and thus their availability is determined by prevailing living standards; this view allows us to appraise both the relation of animal-based food consumption to the politics of freedom under capitalism, but also simultaneously, position and problematise the politics of veganism.
Labour
Authors: Wadiwel Dinesh Joseph
Published: May 2024

This Chapter argues that there is value in moving away from describing animal labour through analogies to human labour processes (including human slavery); instead, understanding the distinct value role of animal labour power within contemporary industrial animal agriculture. This allows us to see some curiosities associated with animal labour power. One of these is that animals arrive at production as a hybrid of constant and variable capital. Further, against Marx’s suggestion that labour time reduces as fixed capital increases, we find instead a situation within animal agriculture where the expansion of fixed capital is accompanied by the massification of animal labour, which produces the capitalist demand to shorten animal lives in order to abbreviate the production cycle. Here, we also glimpse the distinct confrontation that exists between animals and capital: where the arrival of machines conventionally displaces humans (they lose their jobs as fixed capital increases), animals are instead confronted by fixed capital as a companion and an adversary. Here, it is argued that under capitalism, technology has arisen in antagonistic relationality with animals within industrial agriculture.
Stress Placement in Etymologically Prefixed Disyllabic Noun–Verb Pairs Revisited: A Semantic and Diachronic Approach
Authors: Castanier Jérémy
Published: May 2024

This chapter analyses stress placement in etymologically prefixed disyllabic noun–verb pairs, which typically fall into three categories: those backstressed on the root (con'cern n. & v.), those forestressed on the prefix ('comment n. & v.) and finally those with alternate stress depending on the syntactic category (ob'ject v., 'object n.). Using over fifty 18th–21st century dictionaries, the analysis includes past and present variation and change (e.g. alloy n. & object n. used to be backstressed; research n. and dispute n. are now starting to be forestressed). Contradicting earlier studies which used word frequency to explain such changes (e.g. Sonderegger & Niyogi 2013; Phillips 2014), it reveals that stress placement in such words mainly obeys semantic considerations, as stress gradually moving from the second to the first syllable of most nouns results from a differentiation in meaning between the nouns and the corresponding verbs. For example, the noun suspect ceased to be backstressed in the late 19th century when it ceased to mean 'suspicion' (verbal noun) and started to refer to a suspected person instead, hence today's alternating noun/verb pair.
The Feasibility of Ethical Pursuits
Authors: Davis Benjamin P.
Published: May 2024

This chapter argues that ethical feasibility results from participation and solidarity. In this way, ethical feasibility is not based on a pre-determined judgement but is instead made through praxis with others. This chapter reads together Enrique Dussel, Gloria Anzaldúa, and Édouard Glissant, paying particular attention to what Anzaldúa called “la facultad,” meaning a capacity for perceiving the world and acting therein differently. The chapter suggests that in its broadest sense, listening to a claim to the right to opacity involves what Donna Haraway and others have called “making kin.”
Destructive Kinopoetics
Authors: Potter Kevin
Published: May 2024

Chapter Three introduces the first type of kinopoetics, a “destructive kinopoetics”, coinciding with the migrant figure of the nomad. This kinopoetics relates to the genre of Magic Realism, wherein authors destroy the experience of time and space, and displace the centrality of a unified, place-based social milieu to make way for a divergent, mobile, and decentered world. The resulting idea is to show a world that transcends the bounded limitations of the nation-state, and places a primacy or privilege on the convergence of two worlds into one field of vision – what Salman Rushdie calls a “stereoscopic vision.” Here, the nomad’s experience of the world that is otherwise contradictory or paradoxical is given credence in the text, showing us how the migrant often has to negotiate between two versions of reality. As Wendy Faris argues, magic realism “provides a fictional ground in which to imagine alternative narrative visions of agency and history” (Faris 2004: 136); and this is often done by empowering migrant subjects to liberate themselves from the constraints of time and space. Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West (2017) and Chitra Banerjee Divakruni’s The Mistress of Spices (1997) offer helpful test cases for this discussion.
The Strategy of the multitudinis potentia : The Political Conatus
Authors: Bove Laurent , Filion-Donato Émilie
Published: May 2024

In this final chapter, Laurent Bove reaches the political consequences of his reading of Spinoza. The chapter opens with an argument according to which politics, for Spinoza, is a project of autonomy. In contrast to mere passive obedience leading to the automation of citizens, Bove suggests instead that democracy names the multitude becoming a subject, composer of its own constitutive action. The alternative is shown to be between democratic auto-organization and an alienated society, unable to grasp how its limitations are the result of a process of auto-limitation. Bove insists that resistance lies at the heart of Spinoza’s theory of citizenship. Politics, for Spinoza, must instil a love of freedom in the citizen’s conatus. Given this love, to be a citizen is to resist any form of automation in order to affirm autonomy and one’s part in the self-organization of political reality. Resistance finds its most violent expression in the affect of indignation, a political affect par excellence. The chapter concludes with a comparison of Spinoza’s position on resistance to the views of the monarchomachs, La Boétie, and Machiavelli.
Performance
Authors: Archibald David
Published: May 2024

Chapter 4 draws on participant observation of the making of The Angels’ Share to analyse Loach’s directorial methods when working with actors. The chapter focuses on Loach’s use of realist casting, details how he regularly utilises a pared down set, his use of linear shooting and the withholding of scripts from actors. Observations from the Loach set are augmented by those from attending casting sessions. A key element of the chapter is a detailed description of the measures Loach employs to prevent the cinematic apparatus from impeding actors’ performances.
The Federal Dance Project: Dance, Race, Greek Tragedy and Helen Tamiris
Authors: Karoula Rania
Published: May 2024

This chapter concentrates on the Federal Dance Project and on Helen Tamiris. It investigates the history of the Dance Project and the controversies regarding its productions. It focuses on two such examples, How Long Brethren? and The Trojan Incident. Both exemplified Tamiris’ genius as a dancer and choreographer. They also modelled Tamiris’ principle and interest in dance as a social commentary. These productions presented in experimental forms issues of race, lynching, gender inequality, social and economic deprivation, loss and displacement.
‘Pure Feelings, Noble Aspirations, and Generous Ideas’: Yellow Journalism, the Cuban War of Independence and crónica modernista
Authors: Collins Michael J.
Published: May 2024

This chapter considers how Jose Marti (the Cuban revolutionary leader, poet and journalist) developed a form of aesthetic politics for the new newspapers and magazines of the late nineteenth century through which he could resist the debilitating racial and cultural assumptions and stereotypes that drove the “yellow press” in the period leading up to the Cuban-American-Spanish War. In so doing, the chapter also resurrects the work of a major journalist and editor of the period, Charles Anderson Dana, whose practices mirrored and nurtured Marti’s own and who provides an alternative conception of literary and journalistic practice and ethics in a period more commonly understood as a high point of sensationalism and dubious reporting.
Gender, Politics and Alternative Governmentality
Authors: Tas Latif
Published: May 2024

Chapter four focuses on the politics of gender. This chapter starts with the account of the Yezidi Kurdish women’s tragedy in 2014 at the hands of ISIS religious authoritarianism, when the rest of the world ‘discovered’ the role and power of the Kurdish women’s movement in the Middle East. The chapter explains the links between official rhetoric regarding the role of women in the post-ISIS Middle East and measures implemented to increase women’s participation in political processes. It highlights the failure or challenges of these measures in effectively addressing the situation of Kurdish women both within Turkey and Syria and in diasporic contexts. The chapter provides a localised and gendered analysis of political transformation and an assessment – beyond mere numbers – of the degree to which women have been able to participate in new Kurdish political, economic, social and legal structures. After analysing the development of the Kurdish women’s movement, the chapter continues to analyse what kind of new gender codes and relationships have been introduced by the Kurdish movement. The chapter moves onto the direct account of the day the author spent observing the election of members of the Kurdish women’s court in Berlin 2017, and discusses the politics of jineoloji (‘women’s science’) from that account.
Parallel Justice and Alternative Governmentality
Authors: Tas Latif
Published: May 2024

Chapter five addresses parallel justice and governmentality. It starts with an official Turkish state judge’s account. It analyses how Kurdish de-facto judges have practised and negotiated prevailing power relations, illustrating the practice of Kurdish justice before 2000 from a Turkish man’s case, and also the development and changes of local courts in Kurdish towns and cities after 2000. The chapter maps out the diverse and varied scene of Kurdish parallel justice procedures and mechanisms. In this context, the gendered demands and activities of key actors and beneficiaries are analysed, and relations, tensions and political rifts beyond the actual court procedure explored. This chapter sheds light on the different obstacles and challenges facing women and men, while also paying attention to ethnic and religious diversities, different believers of the Kurdish movement and the conflict between dogmatic, passive, moderate and liberal critical followers.
Introduction: Byzantium after 1261: State, Society and Culture
Authors: Malatras Christos
Published: May 2024

The introductory chapter begins with a presentation of the Late Byzantine world: the historical context, the structures of the state, and the political, cultural, and religious problems faced by the Byzantine society in this period. The chapter provides the basic theoretical framework and models from sociology and social and cultural anthropology regarding social stratification, the research questions, analyses the nature, limits, and potential of our sources, reviews the relevant up-to-date scholarly literature, and introduces the basic concepts and terminology, with an emphasis on aristocracy. Finally, it provides an overview of the evolution of Byzantine society since the sixth century, focusing on the issues that will preoccupy the analysis of the structures of Late Byzantine society.
Germany: To Crisis Management and Back
Authors: Coticchia Fabrizio , Dian Matteo , Niccolò Moro Francesco
Published: May 2024

Chapter 4 traces the evolution of the military doctrines and force structure in Germany. Berlin was relatively slow to adapt to post-Cold War realities. The Bunderswehr continued to maintain the central role of territorial defence throughout the 1990s. Germany’s participation in the NATO mission to Kosovo and, especially, involvement in the ISAF mission in Afghanistan constituted key critical junctures. In the 2010s, Germany developed a doctrine oriented to crisis management and ‘stabilisation operations’ (later finally suspending conscription). This trend was partially reversed after the Ukraine crisis, which, along with other factors, contributed to a return to (the never-vanished) territorial defence as its main objective. Scarce resources limited operational experience and constant domestic (both institutional and cultural) constraints played a vital role in maintaining the ‘traditional’ trajectory adopted by a militarily reluctant Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall.
Sex, Violence and Sexual Violence
Authors: Kenny Oliver
Published: May 2024

This chapter is the first of three chapters focused on the connections between film form and reception. It considers how transgressive art films set up a conflict of value registers, exploring how different film-analytical lenses (here ethical, hermeneutic and aesthetic) lead spectators to hold mutually exclusive views on a film from other spectators. Given that graphic sexual and sexually violent images are at the limit of legal and cultural acceptability, close to the boundary between general release and censorship, banning or even illegality, an otherwise anodyne choice of how to read a film conceptually leads to deeply entrenched oppositional views between intensely supportive and intensely critical interpretative communities. Through close analysis of Battle in Heaven and A New Life, this chapter provides more concrete detail to the framework for understanding why transgressive art films elicit controversy and create scandals. This chapter also reflects on the ethical stakes of critical and scholarly commentary, arguing that those who undertake aesthetic analyses of sexually violent imagery are taking an often unacknowledged ethical position in relation to the images they examine.
Nineteenth-Century Illustrated Poetry: Mise-en-Page and the Visual Rhythms of Seriality
Authors: Chapman Alison
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on the materiality of print, and especially the mise-en-page of illustrated poetry, in the ‘golden age’ of illustration and in some key Romantic precursors: illustrated periodicals and poetry volumes, and the multiple editions of Samuel Rogers’ Italy, which establish patterns of material format that evolve into mid-Victorian middle-class illustrated magazines, especially Once a Week (1859-1880) and Good Words (1860-1911). With the industrialization of printing, and the mass expansion in illustrative reading material, repeated mise-en-page patterns in Victorian periodical print exploited the proximity between illustration and letterpress, cultivating a reading community attuned to visual codes. The prominence of the illustrated poem’s mise-en-page emerged as serial print was being formalised in the early nineteenth century, stabilising the huge profusion of the serial’s miscellaneous content and format even as the concept of what constituted illustration and the serial remained slippery. While critics have explored the materiality of illustrated periodicals, the importance to readership of repeated formats over serial instalments remains unexamined. In this new mass print media, cultures of visuality are contingent on different kinds of serial time, determined by the varied frequencies of periodical publication, creating visual rhythms to poetry layouts.
The Earl’s Bu, Orphir, Orkney
Authors: Batey Colleen E.
Published: May 2024

The results of work summarised in this chapter demonstrate that the Late Norse elite power centre at the Earl’s Bu, Orphir in Orkney, was a hub for the Norse Earldom, keyed into far-reaching networks and conspicuous consumption. The analysis of material excavated from the site suggests evidence for a bullion economy at the site, detailed agricultural management strategies in the area, feasting, the importation of commodities, and processing of precious metals. With its 12th century round church, hall building, watermill, and important manufacturing complex nearby at Lavacroon, this elite site would have dominated the coastal landscape of Orkney.
Small Finds, Big Questions: Two Decades of Research on Combs in Viking-Age Scotland
Authors: Ashby Steven P.
Published: May 2024

This chapter updates the reader on the two decades of research into Viking-Age combs that have taken place since the publication of Vikings in Scotland. As well as the publication of several new excavation assemblages, particularly from the Northern Isles, progress has also been made in the study of existing collections. New, biomolecular approaches, such as aDNA and zooarchaeology by Mass spectrometry (ZooMS) can distinguish diverse animal tissues, such as reindeer vs red deer antler from specific combs and excavation assemblages. This has led to a greater understanding of the chronology and character of early Viking-Age Scotland, maritime activity, and the dynamics of the diaspora and trade in the North Sea, Irish Sea and North Atlantic.
Sisters and Schooling: Public and Religious Education
Authors: Cooper Sophie
Published: May 2024

This chapter emphasises one of the main arguments in this book: that Irish-born and descended women performed a key but undervalued role in creating and sustaining ethnic identity in children. Their influence is explored using the idea of ‘foundational identity’. The chapter considers the importance of schooling, particularly parish schooling, in creating ethnic networks, which could be built upon when students reached adulthood and through their families who often had to fundraise and campaign for Catholic schooling. Studies of Irish community connections have traditionally focused on the culture brokers of priest, politician, and publican, however this excludes important figures of authority who featured in their everyday lives, particularly after the introduction of compulsory schooling: female members of religious orders. In addition to schools, these women religious established the social services for the poor in Melbourne and Chicago. Using school records, newspaper reports, and legislative debates, this chapter presents a new perspective incorporating religious and women’s histories into the wider study of Irish community building and ideas of ethnic uplift through education.
Relations between Turkey and Armenia
Authors: Sayan Pinar
Published: May 2024

The chapter also demonstrates, despite all the problems, that neither social or economic interactions nor diplomatic efforts of normalisation have been absent between Armenia and Turkey. Once again, the two countries have been engaged in an effort to normalise their relations since 2021. These efforts, though, largely rely on the peace process between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. If Azerbaijan removes its veto for normalisation between Armenia and Turkey, it is possible that diplomatic relations can be established and borders can be opened. This would lead to increasing trade, travel and interactions among the societies. The official steps are necessary for normalising relations between Armenia and Turkey but not sufficient. The official peace process should be complemented with confidence-building among the societies through transitional justice mechanisms that would necessitate more grassroots and bottom-up actions. If the peace process between Armenia and Azerbaijan will not produce results to convince Azerbaijan to remove its opposition to normalisation between Armenia and Turkey, then it is possible to observe another failed official attempt. However, as the past has shown us, even in that case, the interactions will continue, albeit limitedly.
Turkey and the Middle East: From Defensive-Pragmatic Engagement to Offensive-Ideological Interventionism
Authors: Al Serhun
Published: May 2024

When one reviews the centennial of Turkey’s engagement with the Middle East since the founding of the Republic, one can easily come to the conclusion that defensive Realpolitik until the end of 1990s gradually shifted towards a more offensive-militarist engagement with ideological motivations from the 2000s. However, it would perhaps be too crude to say this has been a major rupture in the century of the Republic. Turning this idea into an action was always dependent on an abundance of resources domestically and ripe conditions regionally and globally. Consequently, the recent change in the global balance of power in the twenty-first century, from US hegemony towards a more multipolar and uncertain world, has definitely contributed to Turkey’s vague multilateralism and search for autonomy from the Atlantic alliance. Erdoğan’s autocratic assertiveness and agency further enabled this offensive militarisation and interventionism. In the post- Erdoğan era, Turkey is more likely to ease the offensive and ideological engagement in the Middle East and return to more defensive-pragmatic Realpolitik, especially if the more secular and pro-Western political groups come to power. Yet Turkey’s military and political posture as a regional power will continue to exist beyond the different political orientations of Turkish governments.
Stevenson as a Reader of French Literature
Authors: Ashley Katherine
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines Stevenson’s essays on French literature in relation to the development of the novel across national and generic boundaries. It begins by demonstrating how Stevenson situates himself within this literary evolution in his essays on French authors like Victor Hugo, Jules Verne and Alexandre Dumas. It then examines how his essays on realism from the 1880s function as responses to French literary debates over Realism and Naturalism. It ends with an analysis of Stevenson’s reading of popular, non-canonical, and emerging French writers and how this reading relates to his interest in generic innovation that merges plot-centric storytelling with stylistic sophistication. The chapter is divided into three sections: ‘Stevenson’s French Essays’; ‘Stevenson, Realism and Naturalism’; ‘Reading for Pleasure’.
French Translations and Translators of Stevenson
Authors: Ashley Katherine
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the earliest French translations of Stevenson’s works and charts his publishing history in France during the Third Republic. It documents both serialisation and bound books and analyses the literary-historical circumstances why some books were translated before others. It presents the translators and publishers who brought Stevenson’s writing to French readers, and it shows how Stevenson was positioned as both a popular author and as an author who would appeal to literary connoisseurs and internationalists. It also considers the implications of different translation strategies on Stevenson’s diffusion and reception in France. The chapter is divided into four sections: ‘French Treasure Islands’; ‘Periodical Publications and Serials’; ‘French Jekyll and Hydes’; ‘French Publishers and Translators’; ‘Problems with Translations’.
Strange Cases of the Queer fin de siècle : Law, Medicine and the Gothic Imaginative Mode
Authors: Mustafa Jamil
Published: May 2024

This chapter finishes out the Victorian Era by scrutinising the intersections of law and medicine in fin-de-siècle Queer Gothic. The author sheds new light on the connections and ways that juridical and medical language and ideas surrounding criminality, disease, and homosexuality play out in three classic end-of-century Gothic tales: Robert Louis Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886); Arthur Machen’s best-known piece of ‘weird fiction’ –
The Great God Pan (1894); and, Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897). While many pieces written on these three stories employ sexological discourse as a tool to understand the stories better, this author, instead, turns to Richard von Krafft-Ebing’s Psychopathia Sexualis (1886) as another ‘strange case’ that, through medical jargon, also makes congenital homosexuality and transsexuality monstrous. The overlap between Krafft-Ebing’s patients’ lived experiences, his prurient reporting of them, and the exploration of the queer fictional characters urges the reader to consider the ways that laws and medical practices not only informed the literature, but the ways that literature informed legal and medical ‘truths’ and policies toward queer and trans people at the end of the nineteenth-century.
Solidarity is More than a Slogan: Queer Representation in the Virtual World
Authors: Stobbart Dawn
Published: May 2024

In a continuation of the theme that inclusive worldbuilding can create safe spaces for queer and trans people, this chapter focuses on gaming and virtual spaces. The author argues that the ability for queer and trans people to see themselves reflected back is crucial in what has, historically, been the very cisnormative and heteronormative masculine arena of Gothic video games. This chapter examines current Queer Gothic video games that focus on positive and empowering aspects of the gaming experience. The game Tell Me Why includes a trans protagonist; and, The Last of Us 2 offers numerous Queer Gothic possibilities. One of the author’s main themes throughout the chapter is a look at queer solidarity within the constructs of Gothic and the ways that queer aesthetics and Gothic aesthetics come together in the most recent cutting-edge virtual Queer Gothic, which is an area that continues to grow.