bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancements in Remote Alpha Radiation Detection: Alpha-Induced Radio-Luminescence Imaging with Enhanced Ambient Light Suppression
Authors: Kong Lingteng , Scott Thomas Bligh , Day John Charles Clifford , Megson-Smith David Andrew
Published: June 2024

Heavy nuclides like uranium and their decay products are commonly found in nuclear industries and can pose a significant health risk to humans due to their alpha-emitting properties. Traditional alpha detectors require close contact with the contaminated surface, which can be time-consuming, labour-intensive, and put personnel at risk. Remote detection is urgently needed but very challenging. To this end, a candidate detection mechanism is alpha-induced radio-luminescence. This approach uses the emission of photons from radio-ionised excited nitrogen molecules to imply the presence of alpha emitters from a distance. Herein, the use of this phenomenon to remotely image various alpha emitters with unparalleled levels of sensitivity and spatial accuracy is demonstrated. Notably, the system detected a 29 kBq Am-241 source at a distance of 3 m within 10 min. Furthermore, it demonstrated the capability to discern a 29 kBq source positioned 7 cm away from a 3 MBq source at a 2 m distance. Additionally, a ‘sandwich’ filter structure is described that incorporates an absorptive filter between two interference filters to enhance the ambient light rejection. The testing of the system is described in different lighting environments, including room light and inside a glovebox. This method promises safer and more efficient alpha monitoring, with applications in nuclear forensics, waste management and decommissioning.
Novel Reference Method for the Characterization of PD Measuring Systems Using HFCT Sensors
Authors: Arcones Eduardo , Álvarez Fernando , Ortego Javier , Garnacho Fernando
Published: June 2024

During their lifespan, high-voltage (HV) electrical systems are subjected to operating conditions in which electrical, mechanical, thermal and environmental-related stresses occur. These conditions over time lead to unforeseen failures caused by various types of defects. For this reason, there are several technologies for measuring and monitoring the electrical systems, with the aim of minimizing the number of faults. The early detection of defects, preferably in their incipient state, will enable the necessary corrective actions to be taken in order to avoid unforeseen failures. These failures generally lead to human risks and material damage, lack of power supply and significant economic losses. An efficient maintenance technique for the early detection of defects consists of the supervision of the dielectrics status in the installations by means of on-line partial discharge (PD) measurement. Nowadays, there are numerous systems in the market for the measurement of PD in HV installations. The most efficient with a reasonable cost will be those that offer greater security guarantees and the best positioned in the market. Currently, technology developers and users of PD measuring systems face difficulties related to the lack of reference procedures for their complete characterization and to the technical and economic drawback of performing the characterization tests on site or in laboratory installations. To deal with the previous difficulties, in this paper a novel method for the complete and standardized characterization of PD measuring systems is presented. The applicability of this method is mainly adapted for the characterization of systems operating in on-line applications using high-frequency current transformer (HFCT) sensors. For the appropriate application of the method, an associated and necessary scale modular test platform is used. In the test platform, the real on-site measuring conditions of an HV insulated distribution line are simulated in a controlled way. Practical characterizations, showing the convenience and advantages of applying the method using the modular test platform, are also presented.
Assemblies of Coaxial Pick-Up Coils as Generic Inductive Sensors of Magnetic Flux: Mathematical Modeling of Zero, First and Second Derivative Configurations
Authors: Moraitis Petros , Stamopoulos Dimosthenis
Published: June 2024

Coils are one of the basic elements employed in devices. They are versatile, in terms of both design and manufacturing, according to the desired inductive specifications. An important characteristic of coils is their bidirectional action; they can both produce and sense magnetic fields. Referring to sensing, coils have the unique property to inductively translate the temporal variation of magnetic flux into an AC voltage signal. Due to this property, they are massively used in many areas of science and engineering; among other disciplines, coils are employed in physics/materials science, geophysics, industry, aerospace and healthcare. Here, we present detailed and exact mathematical modeling of the sensing ability of the three most basic scalar assemblies of coaxial pick-up coils (PUCs): in the so-called zero derivative configuration (ZDC), having a single PUC; the first derivative configuration (FDC), having two PUCs; and second derivative configuration (SDC), having four PUCs. These three basic assemblies are mathematically modeled for a reference case of physics; we tackle the AC voltage signal, VAC (t), induced at the output of the PUCs by the temporal variation of the magnetic flux, Φ(t), originating from the time-varying moment, m(t), of an ideal magnetic dipole. Detailed and exact mathematical modeling, with only minor assumptions/approximations, enabled us to obtain the so-called sensing function, FSF, for all three cases: ZDC, FDC and SDC. By definition, the sensing function, FSF, quantifies the ability of an assembly of PUCs to translate the time-varying moment, m(t), into an AC signal, VAC (t). Importantly, the FSF is obtained in a closed-form expression for all three cases, ZDC, FDC and SDC, that depends on the realistic, macroscopic characteristics of each PUC (i.e., number of turns, length, inner and outer radius) and of the entire assembly in general (i.e., relative position of PUCs). The mathematical methodology presented here is complete and flexible so that it can be easily utilized in many disciplines of science and engineering.
DV3-IBi_YOLOv5s: A Lightweight Backbone Network and Multiscale Neck Network Vehicle Detection Algorithm
Authors: Wang Liu , Shi Lijuan , Zhao Jian , Yang Chen , Li Haixia , Jia Yaodong , Wang Haiyan
Published: June 2024

Vehicle detection is a research direction in the field of target detection and is widely used in intelligent transportation, automatic driving, urban planning, and other fields. To balance the high-speed advantage of lightweight networks and the high-precision advantage of multiscale networks, a vehicle detection algorithm based on a lightweight backbone network and a multiscale neck network is proposed. The mobile NetV3 lightweight network based on deep separable convolution is used as the backbone network to improve the speed of vehicle detection. The icbam attention mechanism module is used to strengthen the processing of the vehicle feature information detected by the backbone network to enrich the input information of the neck network. The bifpn and icbam attention mechanism modules are integrated into the neck network to improve the detection accuracy of vehicles of different sizes and categories. A vehicle detection experiment on the Ua-Detrac dataset verifies that the proposed algorithm can effectively balance vehicle detection accuracy and speed. The detection accuracy is 71.19%, the number of parameters is 3.8 MB, and the detection speed is 120.02 fps, which meets the actual requirements of the parameter quantity, detection speed, and accuracy of the vehicle detection algorithm embedded in the mobile device.
Development of an Artificial Vision for a Parallel Manipulator Using Machine-to-Machine Technologies
Authors: Nussibaliyeva Arailym , Sergazin Gani , Tursunbayeva Gulzhamal , Uzbekbayev Arman , Zhetenbayev Nursultan , Nurgizat Yerkebulan , Bakhtiyar Balzhan , Orazaliyeva Sandugash , Yussupova Saltanat
Published: June 2024

This research focuses on developing an artificial vision system for a flexible delta robot manipulator and integrating it with machine-to-machine (M2M) communication to optimize real-time device interaction. This integration aims to increase the speed of the robotic system and improve its overall performance. The proposed combination of an artificial vision system with M2M communication can detect and recognize targets with high accuracy in real time within the limited space considered for positioning, further localization, and carrying out manufacturing processes such as assembly or sorting of parts. In this study, RGB images are used as input data for the MASK-R-CNN algorithm, and the results are processed according to the features of the delta robot arm prototype. The data obtained from MASK-R-CNN are adapted for use in the delta robot control system, considering its unique characteristics and positioning requirements. M2M technology enables the robot arm to react quickly to changes, such as moving objects or changes in their position, which is crucial for sorting and packing tasks. The system was tested under near real-world conditions to evaluate its performance and reliability.
The Effect of Remediation of Soil Co-Contaminated by Cu and Cd in a Semi-Arid Area with Sewage Sludge-Derived Biochar
Authors: Wang Zhipu , Wei Nan , Yang Fei , Hanikai Daoren , Li Shifeng , Zhai Yawei , Zhou Jiabin , Liu Dan , Yuan Xiaoxian , Bie Shiji , Tian Yixuan
Published: June 2024

In this study, biochar derived from sewage sludge was applied to remediate Cu and Cd co-polluted soil in semi-arid areas for the first time, in which the effects of biochar on the improvement of soil physicochemical and biological properties as well as the immobilization of Cu and Cd were investigated. Soil water holding capacity increased by 0.22–2.74%, soil CEC increased by 0.52–4.06 units, soil SOM content increased by 1.41–5.97 times, and urease and catalase activities increased by 0.012–0.032 mg·g−1·24 h−1, 0.18–2.95 mg H2O2·g−1, but soil pH increased only slightly by 0.69 units after biochar application. In addition, although the total content of these two metals in the soil increased with the use of biochar, the content of DTPA-Cu and Cd decreased by −0.128–0.291 mg/kg, 0–0.037 mg/kg, with the increase in biochar application, and the content of acid-soluble Cu in the soil decreased from 27.42 mg/kg to 3.76 mg/kg, the mobility and bioavailability of these two metals in the soil decreased. Finally, the complexation of organic functional groups with the soil dominates the immobilization process of metals, especially Cu. These findings suggest that biochar from sewage sludge can effectively improve soil quality and remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils in semi-arid regions. Meanwhile, the use of sludge-based biochar for the remediation of contaminated soils also provides a new method for the safe disposal of sewage sludge and a new way for sustainable development. In subsequent studies, methods such as modification are recommended to improve the efficiency of sludge-based biochar for the removal of Cu and Cd.
Performance Analysis of Energy-Efficient Path Planning for Sustainable Transportation
Authors: Georgiadis Dimitris , Karathanasopoulou Konstantina , Bardaki Cleopatra , Panagiotopoulos Ilias , Vondikakis Ioannis , Paktitis Thalis , Dimitrakopoulos George
Published: June 2024

Optimizing path planning for energy efficiency is critical for achieving sustainable vehicular transportation. This paper presents a novel framework for evaluating the impact of path planning algorithms (PPAs) on energy consumption within a simulated environment. We leverage the CARLA simulator to conduct a comparative analysis between the widely used A* and a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm (HGA) across diverse vehicular scenarios. This investigation aims to quantify the influence of PPA selection on vehicle energy expenditure, enabling data-driven optimization for energy minimization. We leverage an offline energy estimation model to further streamline the comparison of the two PPAs. Extensive simulations are employed to demonstrate the efficiency and adaptability of the proposed framework. The findings contribute to the development of energy-efficient path-planning strategies, promoting advancements toward sustainable transportation systems.
Long-Term Forecast of Energy Demand towards a Sustainable Future in Renewable Energies Focused on Geothermal Energy in Peru (2020–2050): A LEAP Model Application
Authors: De la Cruz Torres Diego G. , Mazadiego Luis F. , Bolonio David , Pons-Esparver Ramón Rodríguez
Published: June 2024

The present study aims to describe the potential sources of energy in Peru with the purpose of implementing them to achieve a sustainable system, taking advantage of the natural resources in the Peruvian land. To achieve this, three alternative scenarios have been defined and analyzed using the LEAP (Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning) software [Software Version: 2020.1.112]. The scenarios are as follows: the first one, the Business-as-Usual scenario, is based on normal trends according to historical data and referencing projections made by Peruvian state entities; the second one is focused on Energy Efficiency, the highlighted characteristic is taking into consideration the efficient conditions in transmission and distribution of electric energy; and the third one, centered on Geothermal Energy, focused on the development of this type of energy source and prioritizing it. The primary purpose of this analysis is to identify the advantages and disadvantages inherent in each scenario in order to obtain the best out of each one. In this way, the intention is to propose solutions based on Peru’s national reality or possible uses of the country’s energy potential to supply its energy demand. Currently, Peru’s energy demand relies on fossil fuels, hydraulic, and thermal energy. However, there is the possibility of transforming this system into a sustainable one by strengthening existing and growing energy sources such as solar and wind energy and new technologies for hydraulic and thermal energy, in addition to considering geothermal energy as the main energy source in the third scenario. The new system mentioned satisfactorily indicates that the CO2 equivalent emissions decrease significantly in the third scenario, with a 15.8% reduction compared to the first scenario and a 9.7% reduction in comparison to the second. On the other hand, the second scenario shows a 5.6% decrease in CO2 emissions compared to the first, resulting from improvements in technology and energy efficiency without requiring significant modifications or considerable investments, as in the third scenario.
Comparison of Carbon Storage in Forested and Non-Forested Soils in Tropical Wetlands of Caimanera, Colombia, and Llano, Mexico
Authors: Ballut-Dajud Gastón , Sandoval Herazo Luis Carlos , Osorio-Martínez Ingris María , Báez-García Wendy , Marín-Muñiz José Luis , Betanzo Torres Erick Arturo
Published: June 2024

Mangrove forests are considered to be the most productive ecosystems on the planet due to the multiple ecosystem services they offer, both environmental economic, and social; however, their area in recent years has been decreasing due to anthropogenic activities such as urbanization and deforestation. These activities alter the normal cycle of carbon stored in sediments, which is considered their main function to counteract climate change. Therefore, the objective of this research was to compare the carbon storage capacity and coverage in forested and non-forested sites of two tropical wetlands located in Colombia (the Caimanera) and Mexico (the Llano). Methodologically, we began by identifying the coverages and determining the area in the wetlands with Sentinel-2A satellite images and a supervised classification; subsequently, soil cores were extracted in all the coverages to a depth of 70 cm and the apparent density (AD), the percentage of organic carbon (OC), and the density of carbon in the soil were determined. For analysis of the variables, a trend graph was constructed between carbon density and depth with descriptive statistics, using one-way ANOVA to establish which coverage and wetland were the most significant concerning carbon storage. The results of the supervised classification showed that Rhizophora mangle and Avicennia germinans are the dominant species, also finding deforested areas in both wetlands. The one-way ANOVA statistical test indicated that the Caimanera, with the percentage of organic carbon (18.4 ± 1.19%), is 1.57 times greater than of the Llano mangrove swamp with (11.7 ± 0.748 MgC/ha). Through the trend graph, it was observed that the carbon density of the forested area of the Caimanera ranged from 120 to 140 MgC/ha, which is higher than in the deforested areas of the same wetland between 40 and 60 MgC/ha, and the homologous areas of the Llano wetland. The results suggest that deforested areas are sources of greenhouse gas emissions because they contain less carbon than forested areas. Therefore, it is concluded that the Caimanera and the Llano wetlands have the same mangrove species and that the average organic carbon stored in their soil is below the average of other mangrove forest soils in the American continent; it is recommended that the findings of this work be considered for the carbon balances by continent and the characterization of mangrove species according to their carbon storage capacity.
Measuring the Cost of the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on Moroccan Exports
Authors: Morchid Wissal , Haddad Eduardo A. , Savard Luc
Published: June 2024

The ‘Fit for 55’ policy package was presented in the European Commission’s Green Deal framework, comprising a set of proposals to improve existing energy and climate legislation. Among its main proposals was a revision of the European Union’s Emission Trading System to expand its sectoral coverage. Anticipating the possible loss of competitiveness with carbon pricing within the EU—which may lead to ‘carbon leakage’—a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) was included in the package. This scheme takes the form of an export tax levied by the European Union on some goods manufactured in non-carbon-taxing countries. In this paper, we provide a first-order estimate of the potential impact of CBAM on Morocco’s exports using an input–output approach. Our main findings suggest that the scheme would yield a carbon bill ranging from USD 20 to 34 million annually to Moroccan exporters in its initial phase. Morocco can mitigate such economic losses by instituting a national Emission Trading System, a tax reform, or speeding up the decarbonization of its economy.
Gauging the Technology Acceptance of Manufacturing Employees: A New Measure for Pre-Implementation
Authors: Haynes Kristen , Harris Gregory , Schall Mark C. , Liu Jia , Davis Jerry
Published: June 2024

Recent technological advances are bringing about the digitalization of manufacturing, enabled by introducing and integrating new and improved technologies into existing processes and activities. Integrating advanced technologies into the workplace can have a positive effect on manufacturing efficiency and competitiveness, as well as sustainability and environmental impact. Employee acceptance of these new technologies is critical for manufacturing organizations to achieve these goals. Unfortunately, a notable deficiency of tools to assess the readiness of an employee work group or organization to accept a new technology exists. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a new tool for gauging employee technology acceptance in a pre-implementation decision context known as the Technology Acceptance in a Manufacturing Environment (TAME). Statistical validation measures were conducted on survey responses from 823 respondents across seven locations of one large organization. The results indicate that TAME is appropriate for assessing readiness for technology acceptance among manufacturing workers with little to no training or knowledge of the technology being considered for implementation (R2 = 86%). TAME can facilitate the organizational assessment of employee perception of new technologies before implementation, increasing the chances of a successful launch. This research results in the first known application of technology acceptance models in a pre-implementation context in a manufacturing environment.
From Corporate Digital Responsibility to Responsible Digital Ecosystems
Authors: Stahl Bernd Carsten
Published: June 2024

The significant and rapidly growing impact that digital technologies has on all aspects of our lives has raised awareness of benefits but also concerns and worries linked to the development and use of these technologies. The concept of responsibility, as expressed in terms such as corporate social responsibility or responsible research and innovation, represents one well-established discourse and a set of practices that are used to deal with social and ethical concerns and which are now a well-established part of the broader sustainability literature. Recently, a novel discourse has gained prominence that specifically explores the question of which responsibilities arise for organisations based on their engagement with digital technologies. This discourse uses the term ‘corporate digital responsibility’ to describe how organisations can understand, shape, and discharge their responsibilities not just in a narrow economic sense, but also their broader moral, social and environmental responsibilities. This article takes its point of departure from the corporate digital responsibility discussion and aims to contribute to the theoretical underpinnings of the term. This article suggests that an appropriate metaphor to approach the reality of current socio-technical systems is that of an “ecosystem”. This metaphor accommodates many of the systems features of contemporary digital technologies, but it clashes with traditional conceptions of responsibility. This article argues that a concept of responsible digital ecosystems is a precondition for the successful ascription of responsibilities in digital contexts. Such ecosystems can be understood as systems that are designed to foster and support existing and novel responsibilities, that align responsibility ascriptions with a view to achieve desirable and acceptable outcomes. Based on these ideas of responsible digital ecosystems, this article spells out some of the implications for research and practice that the adoption of this conceptual framework entails.
From Waste to Energy: Enhancing Fuel and Hydrogen Production through Pyrolysis and In-Line Reforming of Plastic Wastes
Authors: Medaiyese Fiyinfoluwa Joan , Nasriani Hamid Reza , Khajenoori Leila , Khan Khalid , Badiei Ali
Published: June 2024

Plastics have become integral to modern life, playing crucial roles in diverse industries such as agriculture, electronics, automotive, packaging, and construction. However, their excessive use and inadequate management have had adverse environmental impacts, posing threats to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Consequently, researchers are increasingly searching for more sustainable ways of managing plastic wastes. Pyrolysis, a chemical recycling method, holds promise for producing valuable fuel sustainably. This study explores the process of the pyrolysis of plastic and incorporates recent advancements. Additionally, the study investigates the integration of reforming into the pyrolysis process to improve hydrogen production. Hydrogen, a clean and eco-friendly fuel, holds significance in transport engines, power generation, fuel cells, and as a major commodity chemical. Key process parameters influencing the final products for pyrolysis and in-line reforming are evaluated. In light of fossil fuel depletion and climate change, the pyrolysis and in-line reforming strategy for hydrogen production is anticipated to gain prominence in the future. Amongst the various strategies studied, the pyrolysis and in-line steam reforming process is identified as the most effective method for optimising hydrogen production from plastic wastes.
The Role of Experiential Quality in a Vegetarian Restaurant from an Eco-Friendly Perspective
Authors: Kim Young-Joong , Jeon Hyeon-Mo
Published: June 2024

Adopting strategies to reduce meat consumption can help overcome environmental problems associated with meat-based diets, including water scarcity and pollution, soil erosion, and global hunger. Increasing vegetarian diets can result in significant environmental benefits and has been focused on as a way to mitigate environmental changes. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the antecedents affecting customers’ storytelling and subjective well-being in vegetarian restaurants from an eco-friendly perspective. For the surveyed vegetarian restaurants, the four most frequently used by restaurant consumers were selected through a pilot test. Data collection was conducted online through a research company, and a sample of Koreans who responded that visiting at least one of the four selected vegetarian restaurants was selected. Among the 297 questionnaires, a total of 262 valid questionnaires were used for analysis. As a result of the verification, among the respondents, the proportion of women was higher, and the number of individuals in their 20s and 30s who responded was higher than that of people in their 40s and 50s. Affective quality showed the greatest positive influence on experiential quality, followed by physical environmental quality and interaction quality. However, the effects of the outcome quality on the experiential quality were not significant. Additionally, experiential quality was found to have a positive effect on experiential satisfaction, and experiential satisfaction was found to have a positive effect on storytelling and subjective well-being. These results provide useful insights for enhancing customers’ storytelling and subjective well-being in vegetarian restaurants. The design and results of this study contribute to the literature on eco-friendly vegetarian restaurants in the food service industry through theoretical and practical implications.
Sustainable Design Trends in the Built-Environment Globally and in Egypt: A Literature Review
Authors: Aly Habiba , Abdelaziz Omar
Published: June 2024

Buildings consume 30% of the total energy consumption around the globe and 29% of the energy consumption in Egypt, which in 2022 had a total population of 102 million, out of which 43% live in urban areas. The operation of buildings contributes to around 30% of global CO2 emissions due to their high energy consumption. Among the efforts made towards improving the energy efficiency of buildings are Advanced Energy Design Guides (AEDGs), building rating systems, codes, and standards. Furthermore, numerous research studies that are either literature review studies, experimental studies, or computational studies addressed the topic of energy efficiency in buildings. In this paper, 124 articles are systematically reviewed with the purpose of identifying the research gap in available research with a focus on Egypt. The identified gap is the development of a prescriptive path for the Egyptian Green Pyramid Rating System (GPRS) energy efficiency category based on whole building energy simulations. Furthermore, recommendations for future research are given based on gaps in the existing literature.
Heaps of Linear Connections and Their Endomorphism Truss
Authors: Bruce Andrew James
Published: June 2024

We examine the heap of linear connections on anchored vector bundles and Lie algebroids. Naturally, this covers the example of affine connections on a manifold. We present some new interpretations of classical results via this ternary structure of connections. Endomorphisms of linear connections are studied, and their ternary structure, in particular the endomorphism truss, is explicitly presented. We remark that the use of ternary structures in differential geometry is novel and that the endomorphism truss of linear connections provides a concrete geometric example of a truss.
Feasibility Study on Active Structural Attenuation: Addressing Multiband Vibration in Automotive Vehicles on 2D Asymmetric Structures with a Faulty Horizontal Actuator
Authors: Hong Dongwoo , Moon Hojoon , Kim Byeongil
Published: June 2024

This work presents a study on the modeling, analysis, and control of asymmetric source structures, which focuses on a multi-directional active mounting system that aims to consider the location and orientation of an actual automotive powertrain mount. An active mount was created by connecting a PZT (piezo-stack) actuator with a rubber grommet. Additional force necessary for every mount was determined by using forces caused by harmonic stimulation and the control input has the capability to reduce vibrations by engaging in detrimental opposition against the input. In addition, the vibration in the horizontal direction can be reduced with the adjustment of variables that can be modified via the dynamic interconnection of the source frame. This study especially evaluated the effectiveness of vibration reduction without a horizontal active component and determined the feasibility of control. Through sequences of simulated outcomes, it was demonstrated that the implementation of this asymmetric, bi-directional (both horizontally and vertically) active mount may effectively reduce stimulation oscillations. Additionally, a numerical validation was performed to reduce the vibrations generated by the modulation. It was accomplished by observing the system’s response utilizing a digital filter with a normalized least mean square method. The simulations of adaptive digital filters demonstrated that the efficacy of control diminishes when faced with intricate noise and signals, while the attenuation trend stays unaltered.
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution under the Influence of Multiple Anthropogenic Activities in Karst Aquifers, Northern China
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhang Baoxiang , Zhang Wenqing , Zou Junyu , Jia Ruoyu , Yang Yuesuo
Published: June 2024

The intensification of anthropogenic activities (agriculture, industry, and exploitation of water resources) during urbanization has posed significant challenges to the aquatic environment, particularly in karst regions. Karst aquifers are highly susceptible to surface contaminants and exhibit minimal natural remediation capabilities. Our understanding of the anthropogenic activities involved in these sensitive karst systems remains limited. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive study, collecting 285 groundwater samples in Feicheng, northern China, from 1996 to 2015. The overexploitation of karst groundwater has resulted in several concerns. The whole dataset was classified into four groups according to land use. Water quality assessments revealed a yearly decline, particularly in industrial and agricultural areas. The water chemistry transitioned from Ca-Mg-HCO3 to Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4. Such evolution was attributed to natural hydrogeochemical processes, atmospheric precipitation, and anthropogenic inputs. Natural factors included water-rock interactions (the mineral dissolution) and ion exchange. Absolute principal component scores with multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) were used to quantitatively estimate the sources of pollution. The results showed that hydrogeological settings (recharge, runoff, and discharge) were crucial in the hydrochemistry evolution of karst groundwater systems. In agricultural areas, it is recognized that much of the NO3− accumulation in aquifers came from upstream inputs in the groundwater system, not just irrigation and fertilization. Urban areas were affected by Cl− pollution, primarily due to domestic waste. Industrial regions of recharge zones were more susceptible to atmospheric precipitation and industrial waste, with pollutants infiltrating through rainfall and degrading water quality. Mining areas exhibit higher SO42− and lower pH due to the oxidation of sulfur-containing minerals. Therefore, the rapid response and low self-purification capacity of groundwater in karst regions necessitate caution in urban planning to mitigate impacts on these fragile systems.
Efficient H2O2 Production and Activation by Air Diffusion Cathode Combined with Ultraviolet for Lake Water Treatment: A Long-Term Evaluation
Authors: Hong Hui , Xie Shiwei , Qiu Aoxue , Yao Yuming , Jiang Wenzhe , Li Jilei , Wan Zihao , Xiang Shengjie , Xi Chenyi , Xiao Jingxian , Zhang Na
Published: June 2024

This study utilizes a natural air diffusion cathode (ADC) and an ultraviolet lamp to construct a UV/H2O2 reactor for the in situ synthesis and activation of H2O2 and evaluates its potential application in practical lake water treatment. The results indicate that the reactor exhibits stable treatment performance during a continuous flow experiment of 80 h. The air diffusion cathode maintains an H2O2 concentration of above 350 mg·L−1 in sodium sulfate electrolyte and shows no decreasing trend. Under the condition of approximately 59% H2O2 utilization, the removal rates of COD and TOC are 37.6% and 40.0%, respectively; the rate of reduction of A254 is 64.3%; while the total bacterial count removal rate reaches 100%. Large organic molecules in surface water are degraded to small organic molecules and mineralized to inorganic minor molecules. It effectively ameliorates the problem of organic pollution of surface water and effectively kills bacteria and improves the microbiological safety of the water body. Therefore, the UV/H2O2 system developed in this study, based on electrochemically produced H2O2, is an effective method for treating micro-polluted surface water.
Quantifying the Impacts of Dry–Wet Combination Events on Vegetation Vulnerability in the Loess Plateau under a Changing Environment
Authors: Dong Haixia , Gao Yuejiao , Huang Shengzhi , Liu Tiejun , Huang Qiang , Cao Qianqian
Published: June 2024

Extreme drought and flood events, as well as their combined events, pose significant challenges to global sustainable socio-economic development and ecological health. However, the impact of dry–wet combination events (DWCEs) on vegetation vulnerability remains to be investigated. The Loess Plateau (LP) was selected as the study area to explore the response time of vegetation to precipitation index changes by optimal correlation coefficient; then, the impact of different DWCEs on vegetation vulnerability under moderate and severe scenarios was analyzed; finally, a vegetation loss probability model was constructed based on the copula function and Bayesian framework, to quantify the vegetation loss probability under DWCEs stress. The results indicate that: (1) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) shows an upward trend in spring, summer, and autumn, with the proportion of areas are 90.5%, 86.2%, and 95.4%, respectively, and show an insignificant trend in winter; (2) the response time of vegetation to precipitation index changes tends to be one or two seasons; (3) moderate scenarios have more influence than severe scenarios, dry-to-wet events (DWEs), wet-to-dry events (WDE) and continuous dry events (CDE) in spring-summer have a significant impact on summer vegetation of Ningxia and Shanxi, and WDE and CDE have a higher impact on autumn vegetation. (4) in terms of the probability of vegetation loss, DWE, and CDE cause higher losses to summer vegetation, while WDE and CDE cause higher losses to autumn vegetation. This study quantifies the impact of adjacent seasonal DWCE stress on future vegetation vulnerability.
Risk factors and screening for colon cancer
Authors:   Regional Clinical Hospital, Krasnoyarsk, Nathanson M. A.
Published: June 2024

Colon and rectal cancer are usually grouped under the term «colorectal cancer». It should be noted that damage to the colon is significantly more common. In terms of prevalence, colorectal cancer ranks fourth in the overall structure of oncological pathology, and in some countries, it even ranks third after lung and stomach cancer. Risk factors contributing to the development of colorectal cancer include diffuse intestinal polyposis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and genetic predisposition. Most often, malignancy of the process occurs at the site of adenomatous or dysplastic lesions of the intestinal mucosa. Due to the high risk of neoplastic disease affecting a fairly large number of elderly people, it is recommended that every person over 50 years old undergo mandatory screening to detect a latent form of cancer. The simplest, but at the same time insufficiently informative method is to conduct a blood culture test, i.e. an analysis for the presence of blood in the stool. The method of total colonoscopy and double-contrast X-ray examination is distinguished by higher information content, but, accordingly, higher cost. These studies are recommended to be carried out every three to five years after reaching the age of 50 years in individuals without clinical manifestations, and after reaching the age of 40 years for those at risk for developing colorectal cancer.
Agranulocytosis: from diagnosis to selecting treatment tactics
Authors:   State Institution «Lugansk Republican Blood Transfusion Station», Lugansk, Sakhno N. N.
Published: June 2024

Neutropenia is a condition accompanied by a decrease in an absolute neutrophil count (of band and segmented neutrophils) in the peripheral blood to less than 1.0 × 109/l in children under 1 year of age and less than 1.5 × 109/l in children over one year of age and adults. Among neutropenia types, congenital (genetically determined), acquired, and chronic benign neutropenia of childhood are distinguished. Agranulocytosis is a decrease in the level of neutrophils in peripheral blood to less than 0.5 × 109/l.
June 26th — toothbrush birthday
Authors:   Kremenskaya Central District Hospital, Belgorod, Frolova E. V.
Published: June 2024

Did you know that such an important and necessary hygiene item as a toothbrush also has its own birthday? It is believed that the Chinese invented toothbrushes back in 1498, and the decision to celebrate this date on June 26 was made in 1780, since it was on this day that their industrial production began. The production of inexpensive toothbrushes was established by the Englishman William Addis, and when in 2003 a survey was conducted among Americans asking them what item they considered the most important and necessary invention of the mankind, the absolute majority of the respondents gave the palm in this question to the toothbrush.
For the day of the great victory: Berlin operation 1945
Authors:   St. Petersburg, Bondyrev Vladimir Evgenievich
Published: June 2024

In the spring of 1945, fighting on the territory of Nazi Germany was carried out by the allied armies of the states of the anti-Hitler coalition — the Soviet Union, the USA, Great Britain and France. Having defeated large groups of Nazi troops in Poland, Prussia and eastern Pomerania, Soviet troops reached the banks of the Oder and Neisse rivers. By mid-April, the Red Army had liberated all of Hungary, almost the entire territory of Czechoslovakia and occupied Vienna,after which the offensive, despite fierce resistance from the Nazis, successfully continued in the eastern and southern directions. This led to the withdrawal of the allies of Nazi Germany — Italy, Bulgaria, Finland and Romania — from the war. The Allies, encountering virtually no opposition from the Germans, advanced from the west in the Leipzig, Hamburg and Prague directions and reached the banks of the Elbe. Our troops were already 60 km from the Nazi capital, and the Allies about 100 km. On the eve of the upcoming anniversary of the 79th anniversary of the Great Victory, a truthful account of the defeat of the Nazi group in Berlin is extremely important. This city, a political stronghold of German fascism, was also the largest center of the military industry in Germany. The capture of the capital of the Third Reich marked the end of the bloody Second World War. This short article will be dedicated to this greatest Victoria.
Demographic problems of the Far North regions
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Management in the direction of training «State and Municipal Service» of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kursk State University», Onishchuk Diana Andreevna
Published: June 2024

The article presents a general analysis of the economic and demographic situation in the regions of the Far North and equivalent territories based on official statistical information from Rosstat. The main research method was economic, including statistical analysis, as well as interpretation of the data obtained. The article presents the work of modern Russian researchers on the problem under study. The results of the study showed a steady dynamics of population decline in these areas of the country. The data demonstrate a decrease in the population of almost all territories belonging to the Far North in the period from 2001 to 2023. It is shown that the only exceptions are the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where the dynamics are positive. The article also provides examples of recent government decisions on the approval of new programs for the socio-economic development of individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation, individual programs, preferential lending to business entities during the construction of socially significant facilities that can improve the living conditions of the population of these territories.
Digitization of accounting for credits and borrowings
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Udmurt State Agrarian University», Izhevsk, Russia, Alborov R. A. , Dzhikiya M. K. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Agrarian University — Ministry of Agriculture named after K. A. Timiryazeva», Moscow, Russia, Alborov G. R. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Udmurt State Agrarian University», Izhevsk, Russia, Mosunova E. L. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Udmurt State Agrarian University», Izhevsk, Russia
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the issues of organizing full automation of accounting for settlements of loans and borrowings in agricultural organizations. Recommendations have been developed for creating an automated accounting information system in the digital economy. A multi-level methodology for accounting for settlements on loans and borrowings using six-digit accounts in a digital accounting information system is proposed. Indicators have been determined to assess the effectiveness of the accounting information system in agricultural organizations.
Semantic analysis of online advertising in tourism
Authors:   Department of Quality Management, Hospitality and Tourism, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Zatsepilina N. P. , Kovaleva E. N. ,   Department of Higher Mathematics, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Evsyukova A. S. ,   AO "Voentorg-Zapad", St. Petersburg, Russia, Sekhniev М. Е. ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Sandberg A. B. ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies
Published: June 2024

The article examines the effectiveness of promoting a tourism product, which directly depends on the advertising tools used, including SEO optimization. This is a set of measures aimed at improving the site’s position in search engines to attract targeted traffic. On-page and off-page optimization plays a key role, including semantic core selection, link building, and reputation management. A successful strategy also includes contextual and display advertising, social media marketing, and offline advertising.
Current issues of automation of customs control of goods classification according to EAEU Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, Moscow, Aleshkina D. V. , Ryzhkova N. N . ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, Moscow
Published: June 2024

The implementation of the tasks of customs authorities to ensure state security and promote international trade is impossible without further improvement of the information technologies used by customs authorities and the introduction of new ones. The development strategy of customs authorities until 2030 is aimed at creating a qualitatively new customs service using artificial intelligence.
Legal regulation of trading activities
Authors:   Department of International Commerce and Logistics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Nikolaeva М. N. , Komarov V. M. ,   Department of Marketing and Advertising, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this article is a retrospective review of the regulatory framework for controlling trading activities. It examines regulatory documents of five levels that define the system for providing objects of this activity: goods, wholesale and retail trade services, processes for their provision, and results of the service. It has been established that the documents of the first three levels regulate mandatory requirements for the quality of goods supplied and sold, as well as commodity distribution processes. A set of national standards for trade services establishes requirements on a voluntary basis.
Development of collagen brand: development and implementation
Authors:   FSBEI HE Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Sokolov Yu.
Published: June 2024

New principles for creating technologies for animal products are presented. Despite the large number of domestic developments, protein products or preparations and additives are mainly produced abroad (Great Britain, China, France). In the current situation, it is necessary to maximally support domestic developers and distributors of protein systems that have a very wide range of beneficial properties, which corresponds to modern nutrition concepts and new diets, in particular, J. Axe’s collagen diet.
Geopolitical and Economic Trends of Modern World Development
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Higher School of Cultural Policy and Management in the Humanitarian Sphere, Moscow, Tebekin A. V.
Published: June 2024

The relevance of the presented research is determined by the fact that in the current decade, changes in global development trends are associated with significant changes that, with varying degrees of probability, can occur within several cycles of economic activity. The purpose of the presented research is to analyze modern world development through the prism of the cumulative infl uence of economic activity cycles of varying duration and strength of infl uence, which determine the emerging mega trends of the coming decade. The novelty of the obtained results lies in identifying the main factors influencing the geopolitical economic trends of contemporary world development, which manifest in the superposition of expected intense changes within the cycles of J. Kitchin, K. Juglar, and N. Kondratieff , potentially demonstrating a convergence in the timing of crisis phases in 2024. The practical significance of the results is in the possibility of using the identified patterns for making strategic management decisions at the meso- and macro-levels.