bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavior-specific occurrence patterns of Pinyon Jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) in three Great Basin study areas and significance for pinyon-juniper woodland management
Authors: Boone John D. , Witt Chris , Ammon Elisabeth M.
Published: January 2021

The Pinyon Jay is a highly social, year-round inhabitant of pinyon-juniper and other coniferous woodlands in the western United States. Range-wide, Pinyon Jays have declined ~ 3–4% per year for at least the last half-century. Occurrence patterns and habitat use of Pinyon Jays have not been well characterized across much of the species’ range, and obtaining this information is necessary for better understanding the causes of ongoing declines and determining useful conservation strategies. Additionally, it is important to better understand if and how targeted removal of pinyon-juniper woodland, a common and widespread vegetation management practice, affects Pinyon Jays. The goal of this study was to identify the characteristics of areas used by Pinyon Jays for several critical life history components in the Great Basin, which is home to nearly half of the species’ global population, and to thereby facilitate the inclusion of Pinyon Jay conservation measures in the design of vegetation management projects. To accomplish this, we studied Pinyon Jays in three widely separated study areas using radio telemetry and direct observation and measured key attributes of their locations and a separate set of randomly-selected control sites using the U. S. Forest Service’s Forest Inventory Analysis protocol. Data visualizations, principle components analysis, and logistic regressions of the resulting data indicated that Pinyon Jays used a distinct subset of available pinyon-juniper woodland habitat, and further suggested that Pinyon Jays used different but overlapping habitats for seed caching, foraging, and nesting. Caching was concentrated in low-elevation, relatively flat areas with low tree cover; foraging occurred at slightly higher elevations with generally moderate but variable tree cover; and nesting was concentrated in slightly higher areas with high tree and vegetation cover. All three of these Pinyon Jay behavior types were highly concentrated within the lower-elevation band of pinyon-juniper woodland close to the woodland-shrubland ecotone. Woodland removal projects in the Great Basin are often concentrated in these same areas, so it is potentially important to incorporate conservation measures informed by Pinyon Jay occurrence patterns into existing woodland management paradigms, protocols, and practices.
United on Sunday: The effects of secular rituals on social bonding and affect
Authors: Charles Sarah J. , van Mulukom Valerie , Brown Jennifer E. , Watts Fraser , Dunbar Robin I. M. , Farias Miguel
Published: January 2021

Religious rituals are associated with health benefits, potentially produced via social bonding. It is unknown whether secular rituals similarly increase social bonding. We conducted a field study with individuals who celebrate secular rituals at Sunday Assemblies and compared them with participants attending Christian rituals. We assessed levels of social bonding and affect before and after the rituals. Results showed the increase in social bonding taking place in secular rituals is comparable to religious rituals. We also found that both sets of rituals increased positive affect and decreased negative affect, and that the change in positive affect predicted the change in social bonding observed. Together these results suggest that secular rituals might play a similar role to religious ones in fostering feelings of social connection and boosting positive affect.
Subsoiling during summer fallow in rainfed winter-wheat fields enhances soil organic carbon sequestration on the Loess Plateau in China
Authors: Zhang Huiyu , Gao Zhiqiang , Xue Jianfu , Lin Wen , Sun Min
Published: January 2021

Scientific management of the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool, e.g., through a reasonable tillage system, is a potential way to mitigate global climate change. There is scarce information about the effect of tillage during the summer fallow period on the SOC pool in rainfed winter-wheat fields. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of tillage practices, i.e., plow tillage (PTF), subsoiling (STF) and no tillage (NTF), during the summer fallow period on SOC sequestration in winter-wheat fields in the rainfed area of the eastern Loess Plateau of China. The SOC, mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC), permanganate-oxidizable organic carbon (POxC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations were determined after four years of tillage implementation during the summer fallow period. Our results showed that in comparison to the adoption of NTF, the adoption of STF significantly increased POxC, POC and MOC concentrations by 56.6–111.2%, 45.7–118.7% and 26.2–29.4%, respectively, at the 10–20 and 30–40 cm soil depths before sowing (P < 0.05). The POxC and MOC concentrations under STF at depths of 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–50 cm were significantly greater than those under PTF and NTF after harvesting (P < 0.05). In addition, the SOC concentration and SOC stock under STF were significantly greater than those under NTF at the 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–40 cm soil depths before sowing and after harvesting (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in comparison to PTF and NTF, STF resulted in significantly higher SOC stocks by 12.0–25.3% and 7.1–19.2% than PTF and NTF, respectively, in the 0–10, 0–20, 0–30, 0–40 and 0–50 cm soil profiles at harvesting (P < 0.05). In summary, the adoption of STF could be beneficial to the management of the SOC pool in the 0–50 cm soil profile in the rainfed area of winter-wheat on the Loess Plateau of China.
Trends and patterns of antibiotic prescribing at orthopedic inpatient departments of two private-sector hospitals in Central India: A 10-year observational study
Authors: Skender Kristina , Singh Vivek , Stalsby-Lundborg Cecilia , Sharma Megha
Published: January 2021

Background

Frequent antibiotic prescribing in departments with high infection risk like orthopedics prominently contributes to the global increase of antibiotic resistance. However, few studies present antibiotic prescribing patterns and trends among orthopedic inpatients.

Aim

To compare and present the patterns and trends of antibiotic prescription over 10 years for orthopedic inpatients in a teaching (TH) and a non-teaching hospital (NTH) in Central India.

Methods

Data from orthopedic inpatients (TH-6446; NTH-4397) were collected using a prospective cross-sectional study design. Patterns were compared based on the indications and corresponding antibiotic treatments, mean Defined Daily Doses (DDD)/1000 patient-days, adherence to the National List of Essential Medicines India (NLEMI) and the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines (WHOMLEM). Antibiotic prescriptions were analyzed separately for the operated and the non-operated inpatients. Linear regression was used to analyze the time trends of antibiotic prescribing; in total through DDD/1000 patient-days and by antibiotic groups.

Results

Third generation cephalosporins were the most prescribed antibiotic class (TH-39%; NTH-65%) and fractures were the most common indications (TH-48%; NTH-48%). Majority of the operated inpatients (TH-99%; NTH-97%) were prescribed pre-operative prophylactic antibiotics. The non-operated inpatients were also prescribed antibiotics (TH-40%; NTH-75%), although few of them had infectious diagnoses (TH-8%; NTH-14%). Adherence to the NLEMI was lower (TH-31%; NTH-34%) than adherence to the WHOMLEM (TH-65%; NTH-62%) in both hospitals. Mean DDD/1000 patient-days was 16 times higher in the TH (2658) compared to the NTH (162). Total antibiotic prescribing increased over 10 years (TH-β = 3.23; NTH-β = 1.02).

Conclusion

Substantial number of inpatients were prescribed antibiotics without clear infectious indications. Adherence to the NLEMI and the WHOMLEM was low in both hospitals. Antibiotic use increased in both hospitals over 10 years and was higher in the TH than in the NTH. The need for developing and implementing local antibiotic prescribing guidelines is emphasized.
LOOP, a cross-sectional, observational study investigating the clinical specialty setting as a determinant of disease management in psoriatic arthritis: Subgroup analysis results from Japan
Authors: Okada Masato , Kurimoto Sarina , Ganz Fabiana , Boehncke Wolf-Henning
Published: January 2021

Background

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a progressive erosive joint disorder that causes functional impairment; therefore, early diagnosis and management are essential. This study evaluated the association between clinical specialty and the time to management in patients with PsA in Japan.

Methods

This was a subgroup analysis of a cross-sectional, multicenter, observational study that was conducted in 17 countries outside the United States, including 17 sites at 8 institutions in Japan, from June 2016 to October 2017. Data from consecutive patients (age ≥18 years) with a suspected or established diagnosis of PsA on a routine visit to a participating rheumatology/orthopedic or dermatology clinic in Japan were analyzed. The primary endpoints were time from onset of inflammatory musculoskeletal symptoms to PsA diagnosis, PsA diagnosis to first conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARD), PsA diagnosis to first biologic DMARD (bDMARD), and first csDMARD to first bDMARD.

Results

Of 109 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PsA, 39.4% (n = 43) and 60.6% (n = 66) were recruited by rheumatologists/orthopedists and dermatologists, respectively. Most patients were prescribed tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (58.7%) or methotrexate (56.0%). The mean duration from symptom onset to PsA diagnosis was significantly longer (p = 0.044) for patients treated by rheumatologists/orthopedists (70.6 months) than those treated by dermatologists (30.1 months). In the rheumatology/orthopedic and dermatology settings, the mean time from PsA diagnosis to first csDMARD administration was −0.9 and −2.9 months, and from PsA diagnosis to first bDMARD 21.4 and 14.9 months, respectively. The mean duration from administration of first csDMARD to first bDMARD was comparable in the rheumatology/orthopedic (31.8 months) and dermatology (31.5 months) settings.

Conclusions

Treatment approach was slightly different between rheumatology/orthopedic and dermatology setting in clinical practice in Japan, suggesting that an integrated dermo-rheumatologic approach can optimize the management of patients with PsA.
Attentional function in fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Galvez-Sánchez Carmen M. , de la Coba Pablo , Colmenero José M. , Reyes del Paso Gustavo A. , Duschek Stefan
Published: January 2021

Concentration difficulties, forgetfulness and mental slowness are common in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS); initial findings suggest that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may also be accompanied by cognitive impairments. This study aimed to compare attentional performance between patients with FMS and RA. Attention was quantified in the domains of alerting, orienting and executive control using the Attentional Network Test–Interaction (ANT-I) in 56 women with FMS, 41 women with RA and 50 healthy women. Pain severity was statistically controlled in the group comparison. While FMS patients exhibited longer reaction times and made more errors on the ANT-I than RA patients and healthy women, performance did not differ between RA patients and healthy women. The magnitude of group differences did not vary by the experimental conditions of the ANT-I, suggesting a general attentional deficit in FMS rather than specific impairments in the domains of alerting, orienting and executive control. Differences between patient groups may relate to the different pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the disorders, i.e. inflammatory processes in RA and central nervous sensitization in FMS. In FMS, heightened activity in the pain neuromatrix may interfere with attention, because it requires enhanced neural resources in brain areas that are involved in both pain and attentional processing.
Cognitive and mental health changes and their vulnerability factors related to COVID-19 lockdown in Italy
Authors: Fiorenzato Eleonora , Zabberoni Silvia , Costa Alberto , Cona Giorgia
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and government imposed social restrictions like lockdown exposed most individuals to an unprecedented stress, increasing mental health disorders worldwide.

We explored subjective cognitive functioning and mental health changes and their possible interplay related to COVID-19-lockdown. We also investigated potential risk factors to identify more vulnerable groups. Across Italy, 1215 respondents completed our Qualtrics-based online-survey during the end of a seven to 10-week imposed lockdown and home confinement (from April 29 to May 17, 2020). We found subjective cognitive functioning and mental health severely changed in association with the lockdown. Under government regulations, cognitive complaints were mostly perceived in routine tasks involving attention, temporal orientation and executive functions—with no changes in language abilities. A paradoxical effect was observed for memory, with reduced forgetfulness compared to pre-lockdown. We found higher severity and prevalence of depression, anxiety disorders, abnormal sleep, appetite changes, reduced libido and health anxiety: with mild-to-severe depression and anxiety prevalence climbing to 32 and 36 percent, respectively, under restrictions. Being female, under 45 years, working from home or being underemployed were all identified as relevant risk factors for worsening cognition and mental health. Frequent consumers of COVID-19 mass media information or residents in highly infected communities reported higher depression and anxiety symptoms, particularly hypochondria in the latter. If similar restrictions are reimposed, governments must carefully consider these more vulnerable groups in their decisions, whilst developing effective global and long-term responses to the cognitive and mental health challenges of this type of pandemic; as well as implementing appropriate psychological interventions with specific guidelines: particularly regarding exposure to COVID-19 mass-media reports.
Pandemic buying: Testing a psychological model of over-purchasing and panic buying using data from the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bentall Richard P. , Lloyd Alex , Bennett Kate , McKay Ryan , Mason Liam , Murphy Jamie , McBride Orla , Hartman Todd K. , Gibson-Miller Jilly , Levita Liat , Martinez Anton P. , Stocks Thomas V. A. , Butter Sarah , Vallières Frédérique , Hyland Philip , Karatzias Thanos , Shevlin Mark
Published: January 2021

The over-purchasing and hoarding of necessities is a common response to crises, especially in developed economies where there is normally an expectation of plentiful supply. This behaviour was observed internationally during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic. In the absence of actual scarcity, this behaviour can be described as ‘panic buying’ and can lead to temporary shortages. However, there have been few psychological studies of this phenomenon. Here we propose a psychological model of over-purchasing informed by animal foraging theory and make predictions about variables that predict over-purchasing by either exacerbating or mitigating the anticipation of future scarcity. These variables include additional scarcity cues (e.g. loss of income), distress (e.g. depression), psychological factors that draw attention to these cues (e.g. neuroticism) or to reassuring messages (eg. analytical reasoning) or which facilitate over-purchasing (e.g. income). We tested our model in parallel nationally representative internet surveys of the adult general population conducted in the United Kingdom (UK: N = 2025) and the Republic of Ireland (RoI: N = 1041) 52 and 31 days after the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 were detected in the UK and RoI, respectively. About three quarters of participants reported minimal over-purchasing. There was more over-purchasing in RoI vs UK and in urban vs rural areas. When over-purchasing occurred, in both countries it was observed across a wide range of product categories and was accounted for by a single latent factor. It was positively predicted by household income, the presence of children at home, psychological distress (depression, death anxiety), threat sensitivity (right wing authoritarianism) and mistrust of others (paranoia). Analytic reasoning ability had an inhibitory effect. Predictor variables accounted for 36% and 34% of the variance in over-purchasing in the UK and RoI respectively. With some caveats, the data supported our model and points to strategies to mitigate over-purchasing in future crises.
Virtual meeting, real and sound science: report of the 17th Meeting of the Spanish Society for Developmental Biology (SEBD-2020)
Authors: Araújo Sofia J. , Almudi Isabel , Bozal-Basterra Laura , Casares Fernando , Casas-Tintó Sergio , Escalante Augusto , García-Moreno Fernando , Losada-Pérez María , Maeso Ignacio , Marcon Luciano , Ocaña Oscar , Pampliega Olatz , Rada-Iglesias Álvaro , Rayon Teresa , Sharpe James , Sutherland James D. , Villa del Campo Cristina , Barrio Rosa
Published: January 2021

The Spanish Society for Developmental Biology (SEBD) organized its 17th meeting in November 2020 (herein referred to as SEBD2020). This meeting, originally programmed to take place in the city of Bilbao, was forced onto an online format due to the SARS-CoV2, COVID-19 pandemic. Although, we missed the live personal interactions and missed out on the Bilbao social scene, we were able to meet online to present our work and discuss our latest results. An overview of the activities that took place around the meeting, the different scientific sessions and the speakers involved are presented here. The pros and cons of virtual meetings are discussed.
A assistência à saúde na visão de crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme
Authors: Rosa Borges Ananda , Irmgard Bärtschi Gabatz Ruth , Cardoso Vaz Jéssica , Marten Milbrath Viviane
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Conhecer a visão da criança e do adolescente com Anemia Falciforme acerca da assistência de saúde que recebe. Método. Estudo qualitativo, realizado em um serviço ambulatorial vinculado a uma instituição de ensino superior em um município do sul do Brasil. Os dados foram produzidos de maio a junho de 2017, utilizando-se a técnica mapa falante, tendo participado cinco crianças e dois adolescentes. Analisou-se os dados por meio da análise de conteúdo convencional. Resultados. A partir da interpretação dos dados foram construídas três categorias: Cuidados com a doença e seu tratamento; Acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde; Assistência durante a hospitalização. Conclusão. As crianças e os adolescentes possuem conhecimento acerca da sua patologia e do tratamento, indicando as fragilidades encontradas na assistência recebida, sendo imprescindível elaborar estratégias mais específicas as suas necessidades.
Saberes populares en salud de las familias campesinas (Colombia)
Authors: Orozco Liliana , Giraldo Osorio Alexandra , Betancurth Loaiza Diana Paola
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Comprender los saberes populares de las familias campesinas de Villamaría (Caldas, Colombia), a partir del rol de enfermería en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Método. Etnografía interpretativa con observación participante y entrevistas a profundidad. Participaron 7 familias de la zona rural dispersa. Se realizaron 29 visitas familiares (septiembre de 2017 a noviembre de 2018). El análisis se realizó con Atlas.ti mediante cuatro fases: recolección y registro de datos; agrupación, clasificación y codificación; identificación de patrones recurrentes, y hallazgos de investigación. Resultados. Se identificó el tema cultural “Con nuestros saberes populares salimos adelante y nos cuidamos”, justificado en tres patrones: “sobreviviendo con la familia, la espiritualidad y quienes nos apoyan”, “riesgos y experiencias ante la salud y enfermedad” y “con las comidas y métodos para cuidar sobrevivimos a los riesgos”. Conclusiones. Los saberes populares de las familias campesinas están formados por varios elementos en búsqueda de bienestar. Para la enfermedad, se encuentra sincretismo entre la medicina occidental y los métodos naturales, en especial con el manejo de las plantas. Los resultados aportan al currículo y atención de los profesionales de la salud, especialmente a enfermería al contribuir como respuesta a la normativa actual en salud.
PICOT-clinic, acrónimo para a inferência do raciocínio clínico em enfermagem
Authors: Melo-Dias Carlos
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Apresentar a codificação do acrónimo PICOT-clinic, como abordagem de melhoria dos processos de inferência, dedução, indução do raciocínio clínico em Enfermagem: Método. Codificação das etapas do PICOT-clinic, integradas em transição consecutiva e consequente no raciocínio clínico em Enfermagem, sustentadas num referencial teórico de Enfermagem, nos padrões fundamentais do conhecimento em Enfermagem, nos padrões de qualidade dos cuidados de Enfermagem da Ordem dos Enfermeiros, na vulnerabilidade, bem como no potencial de recovery do cliente e nas dimensões de resposta humana, propiciando a formulação dos Diagnósticos de Enfermagem, respeitando os princípios de priorização de diagnósticos de Enfermagem, planeando a prescrição de Intervenções de Enfermagem Focadas associadas a objetivos SMARTp. Resultados. O acrónimo PICOT-clinic como processo para a sistematização do raciocínio da clínica dos cuidados de Enfermagem, apresenta cinco etapas, P: pessoa a cuidar; I: Inferência, dedução e indução do raciocínio clínico; C: comparação dos dados clínicos; O: Outcomes esperados para o cliente; T: Tipo e desenho das intervenções de Enfermagem. Conclusão. O PICOT-clinic é um organizador de debate estruturado que influencia as diferentes formas de raciocínio dos Enfermeiros no aprofundamento do conhecimento, na integração teórico-prática, nas habilidades de pensamento crítico, na socialização intrínseca ao exercício da Enfermagem, focado na circunstância/situação real.
Enfermería Medioambiental: recuperando el vínculo con la salud reproductiva
Authors: Sánchez Sauco Miguel Felipe , Gómez Carrillo Judit , Pernas Barahona Almudena , Ortega García Juan Antonio
Published: January 2021

El período periconcepcional, embrionario/fetal y lactancia/crianza constituyen una de las ventanas de vulnerabilidad a exposiciones medioambientales más importante de la vida de un individuo. Enfermeras y matronas por su forma de entender el binomio salud/enfermedad ocupan un lugar estratégico para el desarrollo de tareas relacionadas con la salud medioambiental en general y durante estos periodos en particular. Diferentes asociaciones enfermeras, así como instituciones sanitarias internacionales instan a los profesionales de enfermería a ejercer tareas que permitan reconocer y manejar factores de riesgo medioambiental (riesgos físicos, químicos, biológicos, sociales y psicosociales) y a promover factores de protección en sus comunidades, en la pareja embarazada y en su descendencia. Existen experiencias enfermeras como la consulta de enfermería de salud medioambiental reproductiva y la hoja verde como herramienta clínica de cribado medioambiental que permiten, de manera sistemática y organizada, identificar, modificar y promover estilos de vida más sanos y más saludables. La capacitación de los profesionales de enfermería y el aumento de la conciencia medioambiental en los cuidados, tiene un impacto positivo en la calidad de los embarazos, su descendencia, sus familias y la comunidad que los rodea.
Understanding the Contribution of Insulin Resistance to the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Toledo Frederico G.S. , Chari Suresh , Yadav Dhiraj
Published: January 2021

Type 2 diabetes is a known risk factor for the development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, the mechanisms behind this epidemiological association remain unclear. Whether it is hyperglycemia or insulin resistance that increases the risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a question that has yet to be settled. A new study by Kim et al published in The American Journal of Gastroenterology shows that the presence of insulin resistance independently increases pancreatic cancer mortality even in individuals without diabetes and hyperglycemia. The study's findings and implications to our understanding of pancreatic cancer risk are discussed.
Binary Integer Programming Approach to Optimal Content Placement in Cloud-based Content Delivery Networks
Authors: Sandar Nay Myo
Published: January 2021

Over the last decades, Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) have been developed to overcome the limitation of user perceived latency by replicating contents from origin server to its content servers around the globe close to clients. As some contents occupy most of the storage capacity and processing power in traditional private content servers, cloud computing can provide a pool of storage and processing power resources for caching contents. By adopting cloud computing to CDN, the content provider can use the cloud infrastructure by distributing the contents to cloud servers which will then deliver to near clients. In this paper, we propose a cloud-based CDN framework designed by two schemes 1) UDP/TCP-based content distribution from origin server to cloud servers and 2) SDN-based cloud server coordination. In addition, we also formulate the optimal content placement problem using binary integer programming to minimize the total cost of renting resources including storage, processing power, and network bandwidth in cloud providers for hosting contents from origin server. Then, the optimal solution obtained from binary integer programming is evaluated by greedy algorithm and simulations. The proposed framework helps content provider to offer high quality of services to clients while minimizing the cost of rented cloud resources.
El programa Erasmus+ como mecanismo para promover la ciudadanía en la juventud
Authors: Escamilla Alonso
Published: January 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue comprobar la influencia que tiene el Programa Erasmus+ para promover el sentimiento de pertenencia a la Unión Europea (ciudadanía europea) en las nuevas generaciones de europeos. Para esto, se realizó la prueba no paramétrica de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon. En tal sentido, se encontró que las personas jóvenes que participaron en las movilidades del Programa Erasmus+ aumentaron su sentimiento de pertenencia a la Unión Europea.
IDENTITAS KEBERADAAN KAMPUNG LAMA BERDASARKAN TRADISI DAN KEBIASAAN DI KAMPUNG PURWODINATAN, SEMARANG
Authors: Violita Rizani , Yuliastuti Nany
Published: January 2021

Eksistensi kampung merupakan bentuk dari identitas kota. Pembangunan kota yang terus meningkat menyebabkan banyaknya kampung kota menghilang. Kampung Purwodinatan salah satu kampung lama yang berada di kawasan strategis yang dekat Kawasan Kota Lama, Pecinan dan Pasar Johar yang menjadikan kampung ini memiliki potensi beralihnya fungsi tempat tinggal menjadi lahan komersil. Selain itu, Kampung Purwodinatan juga rawan bencana banjir. Kampung ini terancam keberadaannya dan diperlukan kajian terhadap faktor yang mempengaruhi eksistensi agar tetap bertahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Pendekatan kuantitatif ini digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang paling mempengaruhi eksistensi kampung kota. Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa faktor-faktor tersebut adalah tradisi dan kebiasaan, interaksi sosial, kualitas lingkungan permukiman, peran pemerintah dan ekonomi. Faktor yang mendapatkan skor tertinggi dan paling mempengaruhi eksistensi Kampung Purwodinatan adalah tradisi dan kebiasaan masyarakat, sedangkan faktor yang mendapatkan skor paling rendah adalah ekonomi masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap ilmu perencanaan wilayah dan kota khususnya mengenai eksistensi dan kebertahanan kampung kota.
IDENTIFIKASI KERUSAKAN BANGUNAN PASCA GEMPA BUMI MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SATELIT WORLDVIEW-2
Authors: Afida Basmala Asliha , Kamal Muhammad , Hadmoko Danang Sri
Published: January 2021

Gempa bumi yang tidak dapat diprediksi berdampak pada kerusakan fisik dan sosial yang mengakibatkan perubahan penutup/penggunaan lahan, besar kecilnya dampak dapat berbeda tergantung dari karakteristik wilayah. Pada tanggal 28 September 2018 gempa bumi dengan kekuatan 7,4 SR terletak sekitar 80 km di utara Kota Palu mengakibatkan ratusan bangunan mengalami kerusakan. Kehadiran teknologi penginderaan jauh yang terus berkembang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam mengetahui dampak dari gempa bumi dengan bantuan integrasi sistem informasi geografis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kerusakan bangunan pasca gempa bumi di Kota Palu dengan menggunakan citra satelit WorldView-2 melalui pengenalan ciri fisik dan pola dari interpretasi Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) terdiri dari dua tahap segmentasi dan klasifikasi citra. Manfaat yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini mengetahui kemampuan citra satelit WorldView-2 hasil Pan Sharpening dalam mengidentifikasi kerusakan bangunan dimana menghasilkan ketelitian sebesar 84,21%.
La experiencia del caminar en ciudades Latinoamericanas
Authors: Páramo Pablo , Burbano-Arroyo Andrea , Aguilar Miguel , García-Anco Edgar , Pari-Portillo Edward , Jiménez-Domínguez Bernardo , López-Aguilar Rosa , Moyano-Díaz Emilio , Viera Eduardo , Elgier Angel , Rosas Guillermo
Published: January 2021

Los resultados expuestos de un estudio descriptivo que explora la forma en que los habitantes de 8 ciudades de seis países latinoamericanos: México, Colombia, Perú, Argentina, Uruguay y Chile, valoran las condiciones que las hacen caminables. Un total de 1133 personas calificaron mediante un cuestionario conformado por 50 ítems, distintas situaciones que se presentan al caminar, complementado por 144 entrevistas semi-estructuradas. A partir de un análisis descriptivo, correlacional, mediante el programa de escalamiento multidimensional, Smallest Space Analysis (SSA) se confirman las tres dimensiones propuestas para recoger la experiencia del caminar: los propósitos que persiguen las personas al caminar, el lugar por donde se camina y las condiciones espaciales y sociales que inhiben o promueven esta experiencia identificando los elementos que integran cada dimensión. Estos hallazgos se complementan con los resultados de las entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la planeación y gestión urbana.
Transmisión entre precios de los alimentos en Bogotá, 2000-2017
Authors: Rodríguez-Romero Alexander , Torres-Ortiz Manuel Alejandro
Published: January 2021

El artículo tiene por objeto estimar si existe transmisión asimétrica de los cambios en los precios mayoristas de varios alimentos hacia los precios al consumidor en Bogotá, y qué relación puede tener con el grado de perecibilidad. Con ese propósito, se caracterizó la evolución de los precios y el margen bruto, a partir de la volatilidad y la prueba de raíz unitaria ADF. Asimismo, mediante el modelo de Koyck, se cuantificó el efecto contemporáneo de un cambio del precio mayorista, la velocidad de ajuste, el número de meses paraalcanzar la mitad del impacto final y el valor de ese impacto. Finalmente, se estimó un modelo para diferenciar el efecto de un incremento y de un descenso del precio mayorista. Para los alimentos no perecederos, se registró mayor volatilidad en el margen bruto, menor transmisión de la magnitud delcambio, mayor sensibilidad ante los incrementos y asimetría en la transmisión.
Impacto de la política monetaria en el equilibrio del mercado de trabajo: países de la Alianza del Pacífico
Authors: Cardona-Arenas Carlos David , Sierra-Suárez Lya Paola
Published: January 2021

Este artículo analiza el impacto de la política monetaria en la tasa de desempleo no aceleradora de la inflación (NAIRU), o equilibrio de los mercados de trabajo para los países que pertenecen a la Alianza del Pacífico (Chile, Colombia, Perú y México). Los movimientos NAIRU se determinan para cada país. Además, se estiman modelos de vectores autorregresivos para evaluar el impacto de la política monetaria en el mercado laboral de cada uno de los países de la Alianza del Pacífico. Los resultados muestran que la política monetaria impacta la NAIRU de Chile, Colombia y Perú, mientras que los shocks de tal política no tienen repercusión significativa en la NAIRU de México.
La estructura de capital en la empresa : su estudio contemporáneo.
Authors: Mejía Amaya Andrés Fernando
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo hace una revisión de la literatura contemporánea en el tema de estructura de capital en las empresas, de acuerdo con los resultados de los estudios empíricos y teóricos publicados en algunos de las revistas más relevantes en el área de finanzas a nivel internacional. Asimismo, presenta las variables que le han sido asociadas más tradicionalmente , las nuevas variables que se han incorporado al estudio, las teorías tradicionales y las que se están consolidando, las características de las empresas, el entorno y los stakeholders, que revisten interés actualmente en la búsqueda de una explicación teórica y empírica a las decisiones de financiamiento.
Profitability of Sugar Beet Crop in 2018/2019 Campaign on the Example of Lubelskie Province
Authors: Krzysiak Zbigniew
Published: January 2021

The work presents a complex analysis and cost accounting of beet sugar cultivation in 2018/2019 campaign for individual farms of Lublin region. The economic results obtained by producers are mainly affected by indirect costs accounting for 60.11% of the revenue from the total production. Within this group of costs, the major components are sowing service, harvest and soil liming operations reaching 39.38%. Sugar beet production in the analyzed campaign was profitable, with the profitability index of 1.24 and unit production cost 14.33 PLN∙dt−1is considered one of the profit-making activities in agricultural production, yet it is characterized by a high production cost that gobbled up to 80.39% of the total revenue in the analyzed 2018/19 campaign. The main factor influencing the income from sugar beet cultivation was the price for the raw material, which in the considered business year in relation to the previous season increased by only 0.77 PLN∙t−1.
Línea base para un programa de educación ambiental no formal en la microcuenca Xichú, Guanajuato
Authors: Martínez Martínez Juan Luis , Hernández Guerrero Juan Alfredo
Published: January 2021

Los programas de educación ambiental con enfoque de cuenca se caracterizan por ser no formales y carecer de una línea base para su implementación, la cual surge conforme se realiza el proceso de gestión. El objetivo del trabajo fue la definición de una línea base para un programa de educación ambiental no formal en la microcuenca Xichú, Guanajuato. La metodología consistió en aplicar encuestas dirigidas a la población y entrevistas a informantes claves de instituciones, la academia y organizaciones no gubernamentales. En los resultados se determinaron nueve temas ambientales, se priorizaron las zonas funcionales alta y baja de la microcuenca, se seleccionó el Venado Cola Blanca como especie bandera y se definieron estrategias de enseñanza. No existe suficiente información ambiental pero sí motivación para participar en actividades del programa de educación ambiental. Se concluye con un trabajo que puede ser replicado y que funcione de apoyo en programas, proyectos y evaluaciones territoriales.
Pandemic Compassionate Release and the Case for Improving Judicial Discretion over Early Release Decisions
Authors: Roper David
Published: January 2021

After decades of Bureau of Prisons’ maladministration of the sentence reduction authority authorized by 18 U.S.C. § 3582, Congress passed the First STEP Act of 2018 with the intention of expanding the use and transparency of compassionate release. Although the COVID-19 pandemic was not among the considerations when the First Step Act became law, it contains several important modifications that may protect thousands of federal prisoners from severe sickness and premature death while in custody. First, its procedural modification allowing federal prisoners to circumvent the often-artificial strictures of the Bureau of Prisons allows for a timely and proactive release decision from the sentencing court before a vulnerable individual is stricken with the deadly virus. Second, district courts are now permitted to grant release decisions to deserving individuals who were previously blocked from petitioning their sentencing court by the Bureau of Prisons. Importantly, courts are empowered to find grounds for release beyond those specifically enumerated in the now-outdated Sentencing Commission policy statement that formerly restricted compassionate release decisions. After observing the potential of the new compassionate release process as modified by the First Step Act, Congress should avoid concurrent systems of release and judicial discretion over early release should be expanded by statute or via an updated Sentencing Commission policy statement.
Perlov-Guerin: Resonancias
Authors: Ortiz Avilés Luz Marina
Published: January 2021

David Perlov y José Luis Guerin convergen en lo esencial al pensar el cine no en relación con lo industrial sino en relación con lo artesanal: el cine como un forma de escritura. Pero no es este el único punto de encuentro entre las obras cinematográficas de estos dos directores pudiendo advertirse entre ambas otros puntos de confluencia. En este artículo trataremos, pues, de examinar la obra de sendos cineastas atendiendo a sus paralelismos, esto es rastrear aquellos elementos o rasgos del cine de Perlov que reaparecen en el cine de Guerin, así como de dilucidar la naturaleza de dicha relación.
Socialità, identità e “disordine” nei quartieri popolari del secondo dopoguerra in Italia
Authors: De Falco Carolina
Published: January 2021

La progettazione dei quartieri popolari del secondo dopoguerra in Italia risente dell’allontanamento dai temi principali del Movimento Moderno: le case in linea parallele, disposte ordinatamente lungo l’asse eliotermico, sono sostituite da gruppi di residenze differenti per tipologia, sfalsate o ruotate fra loro, in modo da ottenere spazi a verde e luoghi urbani per incentivare la socialità. Inoltre, per evitare la conformità, gli edifici presentano varietà nelle aperture e nella texture delle facciate, tanto da caratterizzare il paesaggio urbano, alla ricerca di armonia, bellezza e valori identitari. L’apparente disordine, infatti, è in realtà governato da una regola, che si rivela nel momento in cui il degrado e l’incuria portano a trasgredirla. Nella prospettiva della storia dell’architettura e della città, si propone il risultato di alcuni casi studio in Italia che rendono evidenti tali riflessioni.
Presentación Signo Distintivo Semillero de Investigación Ciberondas
Authors: Jennifer Vega Barbosa , Laura Lorena Araujo Medina , Luis Carlos Triviño Torres , William Peñaranda Zárate , Luisa María Alzate Parrado
Published: January 2021

Este documento da cuenta de la Presentación Signo Distintivo Semillero de Investigación Ciberondas
Deserción estudiantil universitaria en estudiantes-deportistas
Authors: Ronald Olaya Benavides , Jairo Armando Rincón Acuña , Robert Shaw Aguilar
Published: January 2021

Este proyecto se propone identificar las causas asociadas al fenómeno de la deserción estudiantil en la población de estudiantes-deportistas de alto rendimiento en el contexto particular colombiano mediante una revisión documental acerca de los factores explicativos y estrategias de intervención individuales asociadas a dicho fenómeno, y la posterior aplicación de un instrumento que permita identificar las dificultades y necesidades que presenta esta población en relación con las ofertas en formación universitaria convencionales o especializadas en las cuales desertaron, estudian o tienen la intención de hacerlo y así aportar información relevante a la construcción de una propuesta de un modelo de formación universitaria para estudiantes-deportistas de alto rendimiento en la ciudad de Bogotá que busca ser aplicado en la Facultad de Cultura Física Deporte y Recreación de la Universidad Santo Tomás.
Presentación de Signo Distintivo Grupo de investigación GEINCO
Authors: Aura Melissa Hernández Pinzón , Edgar Oswaldo Pineda Martínez , José Vicente Ospina Sogamoso , Juan Felipe Rivera Pardo , Juan Sebastián Casallas Reinel , Rodiel Rodríguez Díaz , Aura Luz Rodríguez
Published: January 2021

El documento da cuenta de la presentación del signo distintivo del semillero CEPA
Utilization of nematode-infected pinewood for mushroom cultivation and production of reducing sugar
Authors: Huang ChenYan , Wu Xuan , Dai XiaoYi , Carballar-Lejarazú Rebecca , Tao YongXin , Wen JianRong , Chen Ren , Zhang FeiPing , Wu SongQing
Published: January 2021

To improve the nematode-infected pinewood application value, an effective strategy was developed based on the cultivation of Flammulina velutipes to process the pinewood that was infected by the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Different treatments were compared to determine the optimal method to obtain the highest yields of reducing sugars. The results showed that the cultivation of F. velutipes using the nematode-infected pine sawdust overcame the disadvantage of cultivation by using healthy pine sawdust, and whether fungal infection that happened in the period of pine wilt disease or during the cultivation of F. velutipes both can contribute on the degradation of the polysaccharide content. A high yield of reducing sugars can be obtained using 2% dilute sulfuric acid at 121 °C for 1 h to treat recyclable nematode-infected pine sawdust after the cultivation of F. velutipes. Additionally, the results showed that fungal infection that occurred in the period of the pine wilt disease and during the cultivation of F. velutipes in addition to acid hydrolysis effectively converted hemicellulose to reducing sugars.
A novel strain of Aspergillus niger producing a cocktail of hydrolytic depolymerising enzymes for the production of second generation biofuels
Authors: Bansal Namita , Tewari Rupinder , Gupta Jugal Kishore , Soni Raman , Soni Sanjeev Kumar
Published: January 2021

The screening and isolation of fungi producing a cocktail of hydrolytic enzymes was studied. Among the various isolates obtained from different soil samples, a strain NS-2 was selected. The phylogenetic analysis of this strain showed highest homology (99%) with Aspergillus niger. It was capable of producing cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, amylolytic, and pectinolytic enzymes in appreciable titers on wheat bran based liquid and solid state media. The mixture of enzymes produced by this organism could effectively hydrolyze various domestic waste residues, revealing conversion efficiencies of 89 to 92% and produced high reducing sugar yields of 0.48 to 0.66 g/g of dry residue. This enzyme cocktail could potentially find a significant application in the conversion of agricultural and other waste residues having cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, and pectin as carbohydrates to produce simpler sugars which can be fermented for the production of second generation biofuels.
To the issue of optimizing cloud computing based on their cost
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Doroshenko А.Yu. , Novak O.S. ,   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine
Published: January 2021

The paper offers an approach to the architectural settings of parallel computing on the cloud platform, which allows in semi-automatic mode to perform optimization of a parallel program with the goal function of minimum cost of computations. To solve the optimization problem, it is proposed to use linear programming and an available software solver, which with the help of the method of branches and boundaries in semi-automatic mode selects the value of the architecture parameters of the program configuration which significantly affect the cost of calculations. Therefore, the method of auto-tuning developed by the authors earlier is generalized and spread to the complex of services performed on the cloud platform. An analytical test was conducted on the model of cloud multiprocessor cluster, which presents the possibility of significantly reducing the cost of cloud computing due to the optimizations carried out.
Machine learning methods analysis in the document classification problem
Authors:   National University ", Zhyrkova A.P. ,   Kyiv-Mohyla Academy", Ignatenko O.P. ,   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine
Published: January 2021

Current situation with official documentary in the world, and especially in Ukraine, requires tools for electronical processing. One of the main tasks at this field is seal (or stamp) detection, which leads to documents classification based on mentioned criterion. Current article analyzes some of existed methods to resolve the problem, describes a new approach to classify documentary and reflects dependence of model accuracy to input data amount. As a result of this work is a convolutional neural network that classify 708 out of 804 images of official documents correctly. A corresponded percentage of model accuracy is 88.03, despite the fact of bias presence in input data.
PENDAMPINGAN PEMBELAJARAN SERTA UPAYA PENINGKATAN FASILITAS DI DESA KRATON MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Rosidah Ilmiyatur , Maruf M , Machfud M
Published: January 2021

AbstrakTujuan dari artikel ini adalah memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman kepada masyarakat tentang pentingnya pendidikan pada situasi saat ini. Kegiatan ini dilakukan oleh Universitas PGRI Wiranegara Pasuruan di desa Kraton Kecamatan Kraton, Kabupaten Pasuruan selama masa pandemi ini. Adapun program kegiatan yang dilaksanakan antara lain (1) Pendampingan pembelajaran, (2) peningkatan fasilitas pendidikan, (3) menumbuhkan minat membaca pada masyarakat (literasi), (4) memberikan pemahaman tentang pentingnya pendidikan di masa kini. Metode yang digunakan program ini adalah (1) memberikan pendampingan pembelajaran secara langsung kepada siswa yang biasanya memanfaatkan balai desa untuk belajar, (2) mengajak langsung kepada siswa untuk berlajar bersama, (3) mengajak masyarakat untuk lebih giat dalam mendukung pendidikan putra-putri mereka untuk bersekolah hingga kuliah, (4) menfasilitasi bahan literasi untuk menambah wawasan dan pemahaman. Dari keempat program tersebut telah terlaksana dengan baik serta memberikan manfaat dan dampat posistif bagi masyarakat desa Kraton.AbstractThe purpose of this article is to provide knowledge and understanding to the public about the importance of education in the current situation carried out by students of the PGRI Wiranegara Pasuruan University in Kraton Village, Kraton District, Pasuruan Regency during this pandemic. The program of activities carried out include (1) learning assistance, (2) improving learning facilities, (3) fostering interest in reading in the community (literacy), (4) providing an understanding of the importance of education in the present. The method used in this program is (1) providing direct learning assistance to students who usually use the village hall to learn, (2) inviting students directly to study together, (3) inviting the community to be more active in supporting their children's education to school to college, (4) facilitating reading material to add insight and understanding. Of the four programs, they have been well implemented and have provided positive benefits and impacts to the Kraton village community.