bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nieskuteczność systemu opłat abonamentowych na rzecz mediów publicznych w Polsce
Authors: Dziekan-Łanucha Agata
Published: September 2014

Koncepcja powołania publicznej radiofonii i telewizji w Polsce zakładała, że nadawcy ci muszą realizować zadania misyjne. W tym celu wprowadzono obowiązek płacenia publicznej daniny na rzecz tego sektora mediów. Tylko dzięki temu publiczne media mogły zachować niezależność. Prezentowany artykuł skupia się na przedstawieniu przepisów prawnych dotyczących abonamentu radiowo-telewizyjnego oraz na opisie trudności w zakresie jego ściągalności. Z analizy wynika, że polski system poboru abonamentu nie może być skuteczny.
Postulat sprawiedliwości społecznej a idea sprawiedliwości
Authors: Wróbel Piotr
Published: September 2014

Artykuł prezentuje koncepcję sprawiedliwości społecznej na tle idei sprawiedliwości ogólnej. Idea ta jest obecna w dyskursie filozoficznym od zarania dziejów, początkowo opierana na prawie naturalnym, a w nowożytności – na umowie społecznej. Wiodącym ujęciem jest Ulpianowski nakaz oddania każdemu, co mu się słusznie należy, przyjęty przez myśl autorów religijnych. W naukach prawnych idea sprawiedliwości łączy się ściśle z ideami równości, godności osoby ludzkiej, wolności oraz demokracji. Nie należy jednak utożsamiać sprawiedliwości z równością. Na tle idei sprawiedliwości ogólnej narodził się postulat zachowywania zasad sprawiedliwości społecznej, obecny także w polskiej Konstytucji.
Sprawiedliwość zastępcza czy amber-sprawiedliwość? Zagadnienia etyki społecznej w polskiej prasie
Authors: Kaczor Monika
Published: September 2014

Artykuł dotyczy kwestii językowego obrazu świata, z którym mamy do czynienia w tekstach prasowych. Autorka szuka odpowiedzi na pytanie, za pomocą jakich środków retorycznych i stylistycznych opisuje się zagadnienia związane z etyką społeczną. Analiza konkretnych wypowiedzi prasowych poprzedzona została prezentacją pojęć teoretycznych z zakresu językoznawstwa.
Środowisko życia człowieka i jego rozwój w kontekście politycznym i ekologicznym
Authors: Góra Michał
Published: September 2014

Upowszechnienie dostępu do informacji i globalizacja podniosły do najwyższej rangi zagadnienia związane z problematyką środowiskową. O ile kryzysy wybuchające w przeszłości miały głównie charakter klasowy lub terytorialny, o tyle dziś wiążą się one coraz częściej z dostępem do zasobów środowiskowych. Nowy rodzaj ryzyka, jaki je wywołuje, wymaga nowej politycznej odpowiedzi. Problematyka środowiska znajduje się w agendzie każdego rządu i w programach ugrupowań politycznych. Jest przedmiotem dokumentów międzynarodowych. Jednak pojęcie to stosunkowo niedawno nabrało charakteru politycznego. Stając się przedmiotem współpracy międzynarodowej, spowodowało nieodwracalne zmiany w polityce zagranicznej. Uznane za locus politicus, zmusiło do zweryfikowania klasycznej koncepcji suwerenności. Czynnikami stymulującymi proces emancypacji pojęcia „środowisko” stały się: rosnąca siła opinii publicznej oraz społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Dlaczego odegrały one tak kluczową rolę w kontekście środowiska? W artykule przedstawiona została więc próba analizy relacji między opinią publiczną i społeczeństwem obywatelskim a doktrynami na temat „środowiska” i świadomością ekologiczną.
W polu dobra i zła. Kilka uwag o roli soborowego dekretu Inter mirifica
Authors: Kurnik Agnieszka
Published: September 2014

Artykuł dotyczy Dekretu o środkach masowego przekazu Inter mirifica, uchwalonego 50 lat temu przez Sobór Watykański II jako drugi w kolejności dokument soborowy. Autorka analizuje zwłaszcza jego część I, obdarzając szczególną uwagą integralny rozwój tak nadawców, jak odbiorców medialnych oraz niezwykle istotny w dobie rozwoju i ekspansji internetu moralny aspekt kształtowania prawych sumień członków medialnej społeczności.
Medialne mirifica
Authors: Drożdż Michał
Published: September 2014

Niniejsze analizy są próbą analitycznego spojrzenia na niektóre procesy i zjawiska współczesnej mediosfery z perspektywy dziedzictwa nauczania Kościoła zapoczątkowanego dekretem soborowym Inter mirifica. Jest to spojrzenie pozytywne, czyli próba ukazania ogromnego pozytywnego potencjału nowych technologii medialnych dla dobra człowieka i społeczności, tego potencjału nowych możliwości komunikowania się w wymiarach indywidualnych i społecznych, które budzą zachwyt. Autor artykułu chce pokazać, że media to przede wszystkim ludzie, twórcy, nadawcy i odbiorcy przekazów. Dlatego też w swoich analizach uwzględnia podmiotowy wymiar mediów, tym bardziej że wymiar etyczny społecznego komunikowania społecznego można analizować tylko w kontekście działań człowieka.
Milczenie: pomoc czy przeszkoda dla społeczeństwa medialnego?
Authors: Misztal Wojciech
Published: September 2014

Artykuł dotyczy aktualności chrześcijańskiego doświadczenia znaczenia ciszy i milczenia. Duchowość chrześcijańska przedstawia się tutaj jako cechująca się zrównoważonym i realistycznym podejściem do człowieka jako bytu potrzebującego zarówno ciszy i milczenia, jak też wymiany informacji. Następnie, opierając się w dużej mierze na nauczaniu papieża Benedykta XVI, zwrócono uwagę na potencjał oraz na potrzeby współczesnego społeczeństwa medialnego. W takim kontekście zostało z kolei zaprezentowane znaczenie milczenia i ciszy w przypadku mediów jako pozytywnie ważnego, nawet koniecznego elementu owocnego tworzenia ich oferty oraz korzystania z niej.
Postulat infoetyki. Infoetyka jako prawo miłości dla współczesnej mediosfery
Authors: Biegaj Paulina
Published: September 2014

Współczesna przestrzeń medialna ze względu na pojawianie się w niej nowych technologii informacyjnych mających specyficzne cechy, potrzebuje ponownego podjęcia zagadnienia etyki mediów, szczególnie etyki dziennikarskiej. Stąd postulat infoetyki przedstawiony przez papieża Benedykta XVI. Nie jest to dziedzina nowa, ponieważ odwołuje się do Prawa Bożego i osiągnięć chrześcijańskiej etyki, także tej dziennikarskiej. Tym samym traktujemy ją jako z jednej strony etykę normatywną z warunkującymi normy wartościami, a z drugiej jako prawo moralne odwołujące się do fundamentów myśli chrześcijańskiej. Ujęta w takie ramy infoetyka dotyczy niespotykanych dotąd problemów zarówno internetu, jak i tradycyjnych mediów. Zmiany charakteru pracy dziennikarza to powód formułowania uzupełnionych kodeksów etycznych. Same zasady w nich formułowane jednak nie wystarczą. Dlatego podstawowym kryterium infoetycznym, ale także każdego postępowania etycznego, jest miłość.
Mass man?
Authors: Niewińska Jolanta
Published: September 2014

„Gdzie jest wiedza, którą utraciliśmy w wiadomościach?” – pyta abp Józef Michalik, cytując Eliota. I jest to ważne pytanie. Człowiek ma w sobie głębię, którą zaspokoić może tylko Bóg. „Trzeba pracować dla odzyskania głębi – tej głębi, która właściwa jest ludzkiej istocie. Tej głębi, która wzywa jego umysł i serce […]. Jest to właśnie głębia prawdy i wolności, sprawiedliwości i miłości. Głębia pokoju” (Jana Paweł II).
Uwarunkowania działalności podmiotów gospodarczych w systemie medialnym społeczeństwa demokratycznego
Authors: Soczyński Sławomir
Published: September 2014

Działalność podmiotów gospodarczych operujących w systemie medialnym społeczeństwa demokratycznego o gospodarce wolnorynkowej podlega licznym determinantom związanym ze złożonością i wielopłaszczyznowością tego systemu oraz celów, jakie przed nimi stoją. Artykuł wskazuje i opisuje okoliczności prawne i organizacyjno- ekonomiczne stanowione przez systemy polityczny i ekonomiczny, będące częścią systemu państwowego odpowiedzialnego za ich tworzenie. Sygnalizuje przy tym, że zbyt duża zależność mediów stwarza niebezpieczeństwo utraty przez nie autonomii, koniecznej do wypełnienia podstawowej ich funkcji tworzenia przestrzeni medialnej i informowania społeczeństwa.
Attitudes to work
Authors: Zasępa Tadeusz
Published: September 2014

Artykuł prezentuje chrześcijańską koncepcję pracy. Autor postuluje, iż chrześcijanie powinni pomóc tworzyć wspólnotę życia społecznego oraz przeciwstawiać się dehumanizacji efektów życia instytucjonalnego. Artykuł zawiera również rozważania na temat zakazu dyskryminacji.
Emocjonalne dojrzewanie dzieci i młodzieży w medialnym społeczeństwie
Authors: Godawa Grzegorz
Published: September 2014

Wychowanie dziecka i nastolatka do emocjonalnej dojrzałości jest jednym z podstawowych celów oddziaływań wychowawczych. Wśród środowisk, które mają istotny wpływ wychowawczy na jednostkę, należy dostrzec i wyjaśnić rolę, którą w procesie kształtowania osobowości wychowanka odgrywają mass media. Stwarzają one szansę na usprawnienie i udoskonalenie procesu wychowania. Pomijanie roli mediów lub ich niewłaściwe użycie stwarza wiele zagrożeń, wśród których podkreślić należy te, które wiążą się z destrukcją sfery emocjonalnej dziecka i nastolatka, a więc zaburzenia kontroli i stabilności emocjonalnej, brak zróżnicowania emocjonalnego czy też nieradzenie sobie z emocjami w trudnych sytuacjach życia. Profesjonalne wsparcie wychowawcze daje szansę uniknięcia zasygnalizowanych trudności.
Wyznaczniki ekonomiczne sprawiedliwości społecznej w Polsce
Authors: Wróbel Piotr
Published: September 2014

Artykuł 2. Konstytucji RP z 1997 r. stwierdza, że Polska „jest demokratycznym państwem prawnym, urzeczywistniającym zasady sprawiedliwości społecznej”. Sprawiedliwość społeczna należy do zasad ustrojowych i zdaniem prawników nie stanowi podstawy do roszczenia podmiotowego. Współczesne rozumienie Ulpianowskiej idei sprawiedliwości – „Oddać każdemu, co mu się należy” – wspiera się na koncepcji sprawiedliwości dystrybutywnej Johna Rawlsa, opartej o równość proporcjonalną. Tekst analizuje poziom czterech wyznaczników sprawiedliwości społecznej, z jakimi mamy do czynienia w Polsce: nierówności dochodowe, system podatkowy, bezrobocie i ubóstwo. Struktura ładu społeczno-gospodarczego w naszym kraju, powstała i utrwalona w okresie transformacji, nie pozwala na stwierdzenie, że w Polsce istotnie w pełni urzeczywistnia się zasady sprawiedliwości społecznej.
Spożywanie alkoholu przez kobiety w czasie ciąży – zagrożeniem dla rozwoju dziecka
Authors: Marek Magdalena
Published: September 2014

FAS to skrót, o którym jeszcze nie wszyscy mieli okazję usłyszeć i poznać jego znaczenie. fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), czyli alkoholowy zespół płodowy dotyczy najmniejszych i najbardziej bezbronnych, bo dzieci będące jeszcze w łonie matki. Gdy matka spożywa alkohol w czasie ciąży, szkodzi dziecku. Alkohol uszkadza komórki nerwowe, mózg oraz inne narządy rozwijającego się płodu. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą ukazania, czym jest syndrom FAS i z jakimi trudnościami muszą zmagać się dzieci nim dotknięte. Wypływa również z potrzeby rozpowszechniania wiedzy na temat szkodliwości spożywania alkoholu przez kobiety w czasie ciąży.
Aksjologiczno-pragmatyczny obraz sumienia we współczesnej polszczyźnie
Authors: Kaczor Monika
Published: September 2014

Sumienie jest elementem językowego obrazu człowieka. Sposób konceptualizowania sumienia w języku poświadcza, że jest ono sądem intelektualnym, imperatywem moralnym, refleksją moralną, siłą nakazującą czynić dobro i siłą powstrzymującą przed złem. Określone połączenia językowe poświadczają to, jak rozumiane jest sumienie przez mówiących współczesną polszczyzną. Konteksty występowania sumienia pozwalają na wyróżnienie dwóch orientacji, które są charakterystyczne nie tylko dla myśli chrześcijańskiej. Są to: orientacja aksjologiczna i orientacja pragmatyczna. Pierwsza znajduje realizację w tekstach o charakterze normatywnym, druga – wskazuje na socjologiczne i psychologiczne motywacje użycia pojęcia w określonym kontekście. Pozwala zrekonstruować obraz sumienia na podstawie określonych operacji mentalnych, które wpływają na powstawanie swoistych konstrukcji językowych.
Résurrection et Nouveauté aux premiers temps de l’Église
Authors: Wolinski Joseph
Published: September 2014

The article is aimed to prove the importance of the event of the resurrection for early theology (Scripture and patristic theology of the 2nd and 3rd centuries). This importance has been obscured down through the centuries. Happily, theology in the twentieth century made a radical endevaur to rediscover the Paschal event and to build the whole basic structure of christianity once again.
Christology and the ‘Scotist Rupture’
Authors: Riches Aaron
Published: September 2014

This essay engages the debate concerning the so-called ‘Scotist rupture’ from the point of view of Christology. The essay investigates John Duns Scotus’s development of Christological doctrine against the strong Cyrilline tendencies of Thomas Aquinas. In particular the essay explores how Scotus’s innovative doctrine of the ‘haecceity’ of Christ’s human nature entailed a self-sufficing conception of the ‘person’, having to do less with the mystery of rationality and ‘communion’, and more to do with a quasi-voluntaristic ‘power’ over oneself. In this light, Scotus’s Christological development is read as suggestively contributing to make possible a proto-liberal condition in which ‘agency’ (agere) and ‘right’ (ius) are construed as determinative of what it means to be and act as a person.
Candidus, Marius Victorinus’ fictitious friend, and his doctrine of the “Logos”
Authors: Baron Arkadiusz
Published: September 2014

This article elaborates the term Logos in two fictitious letters of Candidus, which Marius Victorinus wrote to present Arian points of view concerning the Trinitarian debate in the middle of the 4th century. The article investigates these two short letters and their historical and theological sources to demonstrate Marius Victorinus’ knowledge and understanding of the Arian controversy and the mystery of the Triune God. Although he wrote these letters himself, this research seems to be a particularly important in the interpretation of Marius Victorinus’ theological views and arguments presented in his writings against the Arians, in which he undertakes the most difficult questions concerning the unbegotten and simultaneously begetting God.
The Theological Principles Underlying Augustine’s “City of God”
Authors: Kasprzak Dariusz
Published: September 2014

In his treatise the City of God Augustine intended to show that the pagans anti-Christian charges blaming the Christians for the fall of Rome were unsubstantiated and that it was in Christianity that they could find the solution to many of their own moral and religious problems. The Bishop of Hippo wanted also to equip Christians with the appropriate arguments to refute pagan charges and to make them rejoice in the plan for the Salvation of humankind. In his assessment of the true value of philosophical principles it was essential for Augustine not to renounce the authority of Christ. Augustine claims that the human race is divided into two antagonistic communities, cities, in their pursuit of their respective ‘happiness’ (civitas Dei; civitas terrena). The two loves are mutually antithetical; the love of God, which is a social love and a love of justice, which is the very opposite of self-love, is an espousal of injustice.
The Role of Virtue Ethics in Determining Acceptable Limits of Genetic Enhancement
Authors: Kraj Tomasz
Published: September 2014

There are always new proposals concerning the application of new genetic technology. Some of them concern the genetic enhancement of man. There are four groups of such proposals, labeled as: better children, better performance, ageless bodies, and happy souls. The Magisterium of the Roman Catholic Church, which distinguishes between therapeutic and non-therapeutic genetic manipulation, does not reject non-therapeutic genetic manipulation (genetic enhancement is such manipulation), but it does prescribe some requirements for its moral acceptance. However, these requirements are general and not very useful for determining specific moral limits for genetic enhancement of man. There are neither ready standards nor criteria for establishing those limits. The role of philosophers (theologians) then, is to ascertain those limits. It is possible to do that on the basis of virtue ethics in its version elaborated by St. Thomas Aquinas. His description of human perfection is of great help in establishing the morally acceptable limits of the genetic enhancement of man. Aquinas’s intuitions are confirmed by the observations of contemporary psychology.
Hermeneutyka wiary Benedykta XVI – próba syntezy
Authors: Głuchowski Robert
Published: September 2014

Benedict’s theological work shows his deep interest of the findings of historical and critical biblical scholarship. This article attempts to show a part of Pope Benedict’s thought at this field. The keyword for this theme is “the hermeneutic of faith”. There are a few steps to understand this. First: the critique of historical criticism as beginning the search for a new synthesis. Second: a question about new hermeneutic based on the historical structure of Christian faith. Third: an asking about a new language (authors of Scriptures as normative theologians). Benedict points out that Scriptures are inseparable united with Church. He represents a deep understanding of the inner logic and necessity of reading of Scriptures from the heart of the Church.
Nowożytne ikony bizantyjskie i ruskie z symbolicznymi wizerunkami Jezusa Chrystusa. Kanon ikonograficzny i wyjaśnienie teologiczne
Authors: Cyrek Olga
Published: September 2014

The article explains the iconographic scheme of symbolic representations of Christ, which were present in the Russian and Byzantine art. In comparison to the first characters used on the early these icons have theological content. They represent the whole process of salvation for mankind, and many of them associated with the liturgy. For example, images of Christ as a “Watchful eye” or as the Lamb of God refer to the rites performed during the initial part of the Liturgy. Also important are the images of Christ in the performances of the whole Trinity. The type of the Old Testament Trinity He is shown as one of the three angels, and New Testament Trinity in the form of a man in robes of blue and red. Distinct type of representation is the Son of God in the form of an angel. There is here such topics as: Christ the Holy Silence, Christ Crucified Seraph and Sophia-Wisdom of God.
Włoska eklezjologia okresu przedsoborowego
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Sylwester
Published: September 2014

In this article has been shown the ecclesiology of the pre-council period in Italy. The twentieth century called the century of the Church. The biggest event at the time was the Second Vatican Council. Vatican II was not a random event, but preceded by a renewal, which goes back to the early twentieth century. Also in Italy, an important role to fulfill the liturgical renewal, biblical movement, the activity of the lay faithful. In the period preceding the publication of the encyclical of Pope Pius XII on the Mystical Body of Christ, distinctive theology of the Italian representatives are: Giuseppe Siri, Francesco Chiesa, Antonio M. Vellico and Grazioso Ceriani. New impetus in the development of ecclesiology has become encyclical Mystici Corporis Christi (29.06.1943) Pope Pius XII. For example, taken by Pietro Parente (1891–1986) Mysterium Ecclesiae study with the intent to recover its original splendor to bind legal structure of the hierarchical Church, with its inner nature. Disclosure by Pope John XXIII on 25 January 1959, just three months after his election to the See of Peter, the convening of a general council, and then consult widely on the subject of proceedings has contributed significantly not only to revive interest in the Church, but also to take the very important issues related. In developing a new concept of the Church, that is more in line with the spirit of the period immediately preceding the ecclesiology of Vatican II, the priest put a significant contribution to the Diocese of Alba Natale Bussi (1907–1988), whose lectures were recorded and issued the first time already in 1961. Also noteworthy is the emphasis on the ground of Italian interest in the phenomenon of sanctity and the cult of saints. The overall look of the ecclesiology of the Italian twentieth century, which precedes the Second Vatican Council should be noted that it is not as discovery and pioneering, as ecclesiology German or French.
Działalność Rady kapłańskiej diecezji tarnowskiej za czasów bpa Józefa Życińskiego w latach 1990-1997
Authors: Kantor Robert
Published: September 2014

The Code of Canon Law gives the definition of a presbyteral council and declares: „In each diocese a presbyteral council is to be established, that is, a group of priests which, representing the presbyterium, is to be like a senate of the bishop and which assists the bishop in the governance of the diocese according to the norm of law to promote as much as possible the pastoral good of the portion of the people of God entrusted to him”. The Fourth Synod of Tarnow Diocese reminds that a Diocese Presbyteral Council is as if the bishop’s senate with its own statues; a team of priests representing all clergy of the diocese, both diocesan and from religious orders. During the time when the diocese was led by bishop Życiński, there have been two terms of the Presbyteral Council with elections in 1990 and 1995. The article analyses the topics debated over by the Presbyteral Council between 1990 and 1997. Some of the following items were on the Council’s agenda: priests’ retirement age, spiritual formation of the lay members of the church, missions.
Ks. Kazimierz Pasionek – "maestro" Diecezji Tarnowskiej w pielgrzymce wiary
Authors: Piekarz Grzegorz
Published: September 2014

The article refers to the Priest, who for the significant majority of Tarnovian clergy remained, in the post-concilliar liturgy, a sacral music “icon”. His sense of humour combined with the extraordinary musical competences helped him to win the favour of the people he encountered throughout his life. Those who had a chance to get to know him better, could clearly see how deeply rooted in his faith of the Crucified Jesus he was. The first part of the article shows Father’s both spiritual and intellectual growth since his early years of the childhood, whereas the second concentrates on his being a teacher. The Priest was a lecturer of the Tarnovian Theological Seminary and the Diocesan Organ Study in Tarnow, as well as a director of the Music Church Department in the Tarnovian Curia. Despite all his duties and the responsibilities he was taking on, he still managed to find time for being an editor and a composer of religious music. That field of his work was closely related to the Catholic Church post – concilliar reforms, which have been described in the second part of the paper.
Synteza tematyki opętania i egzorcyzmu w dziełach Sulpicjusza Sewera
Authors: Pochwat Józef
Published: September 2014

This article contains thoughts of Sulpicius Severus (ca 360–420) with regard to the influence of evil spirits on man. Based on the knowledge of St. Martin of Tours, who had much to do with demons. Sulpicius presented a number of human cases of demonic possession by an evil spirit. Most cases he described were about man’s release from possession.Sulpicius Severus was demonstrating that when Satan masters a man he takes away his freedom, a fundamental value, which comes from God. In the face of the numerous cases of enslavement of people by Satan, God’s intervention was needed. Sulpicius was convinced that God has equipped some people to be exorcists, with the gift of releasing the possessed from the power of the devil.
Działalność patriotyczna i wychowawcza Urszuli Ledóchowskiej
Authors: Trojanowska Kinga
Published: September 2014

Julia Ledóchowska was born on April 17, 1861 in Loosdorf. When she was 21, she joined a monastery in Cracow and took the new monastery’s name – Ursula. As she graduated school in France, she was allowed to teach French language. In the Ursuline School she taught natural sciences and mathematics. As a Mother Superior, she funded a boarding house for a girls in 1905. Two years later in 1907 she started to run the boarding house for girls in Petersburg. In years 1911–1914 she has organized cottage in Merentahti and gymnasium with catholic chapel. When the First world war has started, the nun Ursula went to Stockholm and she stayed there till 1915. In Sweden she helped with popularizing Committee For Help War Victims in Poland. She raised money, as well as organized lectures on polish history for Scandinavian people. On June 1, 1916 she formed Committee by herself. In years 1916–1918 the nun Ursula has established a foreign language school for a girl in Djursholm – Sprakinstut which was the first language school in whole Scandinavia. In Djursholm she was a editor of the first catholic period Solglimtar (meaning sunrays). In Scandinavia, she took part in many conferences and gave a lot speeches. She also published her book entitled Polonica, in which she presented articles about polish history, art and literature in a Scandinavian language. In Denmark situation of polish child was very bad. The mortality among Polish workers left many homeless child. The nun Ursula has organized for the orphanage for then. On 10 September, 1918 she funded economic school in Aalborg. When the WWI finished, Ursula Ledóchowska returned to independent Poland. She established a new section of the Ursuline Sister of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus. On 7 June, 1920 the monastery got permission for the canonical erection. In Pniewy by the monastery, there was a school for a girl, which was changed into the 3-yearschool for economy teachers. it was took change for 3 years economy teachers. Sister Ursula established several Female Boarding School Houses in Warsaw, Poznań and Wilno. She brought Eucharistic Crusade to Poland. Sister Ursula died on May 29, 1939. She became blessed on June 20, 1983, and was canonized by pope John Paul II on May 18, 2003.
Kategoria "punktu wyjścia" i kategorie pokrewne rozważane z myślą o antropologii filozoficznej. Analiza i konstrukcja "punktu wyjścia"
Authors: Krzanowski Jerzy
Published: September 2014

The very description of the „starting point” needs plenty of explanations, let alone its choice for a given science. Whereas „articulation and choice of a starting point (…) is already taking a position respecting a given subject and determining the direction of further dealing”27. You cannot avoid taking a position, because in order to practice any science, a way of dealing should be taken. Stating point is a place that in a way impinges on the further scientific work, on achieving its goal, so each researcher has to define it (more or less directly). We tried to show in this article that each research, each scientific action has its starting point – even if we verbally define it differently (beginning, basic sentences, starting line, genesis…).
Historyczne i duchowe aspekty celibatu w Kościele
Authors: Bujak Janusz
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this article is to show two views on the origin of a celibacy for a religious reason in the Catholic Church. The first one which results from the law, and the second one that has divine roots in which the source of such a life is Jesus Christ himself and his disciples. In the second part of the article there are some psychiatrists’ and theologians’ opinions about the possibilities of a mature priestly celibacy life.
Przygotowanie i przebieg wizyty Jana Pawła II w Tarnowie w dniach od 9 do 10 czerwca 1987 roku w świetle dokumentów sprawy obiektowej "Pielgrzym"
Authors: Talarek Kazimierz
Published: September 2014

On the route of the third pilgrimage of Pope John Paul II to Poland, which took place from June 8 to 14, 1987 was Tarnów. Holy Father Pope John Paul II arrived to Tarnow in the late evening of June 9 and left in the afternoon of the next day. During this time, he met with the large number of faithful people who came from across the South–East of Poland and beyond. During Mass on June 10 he celebrated to the glory of the altars Karolina Kózka who was murdered by a Russian soldier on November 18, 1914. He also met with the clergy in the Cathedral Square in Tarnów. Activities that were related to the protection of Pope John Paul II during his visit in Tarnów were given the codename ,,Aurora II”. During Popes visit In Tarnow there were appointed head of security staff and several operational teams. Tarnow SB officers were supported by the officers from neighboring provinces. The documents related to this task were in the briefcase 8 I 1987, code-named object file "Pilgrim”.
Uzależnienie od gry a niezdolnośc psychiczna do zawarcia małżeństwa
Authors: Kantor Robert
Published: September 2014

In the colloquial language the term ‘addiction’ is used mainly with regard to people who abuse drugs (drug addiction), medicines (pharmacomania), alcohol (alcoholism) or cigarettes. In a broader context, it may refer to numerous other behaviours, e.g. gambling games, watching television, the Internet or sex. These are addictions that are frequently less known and described, not always even specified in the official classifications of diseases, such as ICD-10 and DSM IV. This article aims at indicating a ‘new’ problem which the employees of the ecclesiastical court already face – pathological game addiction. Firstly, pathological gaming will be presented as a mental disease, then the profile of a pathological player will be outlined. Furthermore, the aspect of the mental incapacity to contract marriage will be discussed. The judgments of the ecclesiastical tribunals in the subject matter will constitute the last part of the article. The result of the analyses (in the conclusion) will be practical suggestions for a judge in his dialogue with a judicial expert.
Eutanazja a prawo do życia. Filozoficzny spór o zakres obowiązywania normy „nie zabijaj”
Authors: Bubula Daniel
Published: September 2014

This article bears a polemical character. Apart from the arguments for euthanasia, the reader will have an opportunity to get acquainted also with the arguments against considering euthanasia as morally justified. The ethical debate on the problem euthanasia should exhibit characteristics of a controversy over arguments. However, rejection of euthanasia does not mean undertaking all the possible efforts that aim at prolonging human life. There are situations in which a doctor must take a dramatic decision not to start a therapy or decision to abandon it, limiting his intervention to alleviating the patient’s pain.
Sumienie wykładnią moralności człowieka w nauczaniu biskupa tarnowskiego Jerzego Ablewicza (1962-1990)
Authors: Kluz Marek
Published: September 2014

Archbishop Jerzy Ablewicz seeking grounds for moral teaching, focused on the man, as a moral entity. Expression of human subjectivity is moral conscience. Through carrying out its functions, it is on top of the elements that constitute the dignity of every person. Conscience is a necessary condition for man to act as a human right. Pastor of the Church in the ministry of the word Tarnów reminded frequently about the Church's teaching on human conscience. Therefore, the aim of this publication is on-closer to his teaching on conscience as the interpretation of human morality. According to the Archbishop of conscience plays an important role in human moral development. It is legitimate and authoritative standard rule of conduct. However, conscience can determine the right way forward and shape the moral life of man must be well-formed. Ablewicz indicating the measures to this end, seek to shape the conscience of such a man to be able to act in a spirit of responsibility for themselves, others and the world, that is, ultimately, to do good moral.
„Wierzę w Boga Stworzyciela” – geneza i sens formuły
Authors: Żurek Antoni
Published: September 2014

The first article of the Christian Creed tells the truth about God – the Creator of the universe. There were different ways of defining and interpreting this fact in ancient Church. Most often it was being explained in contrast to imprecise concepts, especially gnostic and manichean ones. Learning about the history of the Christian Creed helps to understand this problem. The article makes an attempt to present this history and both the origin and sense of the first article. The analyses are based mainly on religious texts.
Reperkusje traktatu o stworzeniu w całości teologii
Authors: Kunka Sławomir
Published: September 2014

The first article of the Christian Creed tells the truth about God – the Creator of the universe. There were different ways of defining and interpreting this fact in ancient Church. Most often it was being explained in contrast to imprecise concepts, especially gnostic and manichean ones. Learning about the history of the Christian Creed helps to understand this problem. The article makes an attempt to present this history and both the origin and sense of the first article. The analyses are based mainly on religious texts.
Stanowisko Józefa Tischnera wobec tomizmu
Authors: Gabrysz Radosław
Published: September 2014

Famous article of Tischner “The Decline of Christianity Thomist”, published on pages of the monthly the “Znak” in 1970 evoked the wave of interesting polemics in the Polish philosophical environment. They concerned on one hand the role of the Thomism in contemporary theology, on the other the criticism of the position of Tischner. Very author responded to a challenge criticizing the Thomism as the synthesis of data of the Revelation and Aristotelian philosophy. Because this merger is seizing character of both above ingredients – compared to two colours mixt with oneself and in the end constituting the new colour. Thomistic synthesis, from Tischner’s perspective, came into existence in the crowning moment of the history of the Christianity in Europe. She agreed on contemporary models of the scientific nature, culture, forms of the statehood. However in our times dangerous of it is a result uniquely thomistic “becoming poor” not to say “perversion” Christianities. And so in our times would the new synthesis be desired? Through the division of the learning, took the place of universal syntheses different “microsystems”, and very idea of the synthesis turned out to be too ambiguous, and for her conditions are impossible to fulfil. Valuable however rapidly of Tischner there would be rather a hermeneutic proposal of Paul of Ricoeur indeed to concentrate on the text of the christian revelation without the thomistic dogmatism here. Hence also, however dusk of the Thomism is opening intriguing and the philosophical latest perspectives for the Christianity.
Teologia jako nauka poszukująca sensu, wolności i mądrości
Authors: Królikowski Janusz
Published: September 2014

Theology has always required to have its raison d’ệtre justified. This was particularly visible when universities began to emerge, the reflection on a scientific method was developed and new fields of study appeared. Even St Thomas Aquinas understood the need to legalize theology as a science. He was very scrupulous about it and paid attention to the methodological coherence. Since a man has been seeking salvation the necessity for science showing the way towards it evolved as well.Despite the different cultural circumstances and the modified concept of a science a question reappears. If a contemporary man is as sensitive as possible, the answer should be provided together with the challenges that our faith is to meet.This article proves that the validity of theology can be done within three existential areas that a human being is interested in. These include searching for meaning, freedom and wisdom. It is absolutely true that we need a science which will help us reach this goal. Notwithstanding theology is the best way to accomplish it.
„Trybunał miłosierdzia oraz łaski”: kiedy i w jaki sposób należy odnieść się do Penitencjarii Apostolskiej? (Praktyczne wskazówki dla spowiednika oraz duszpasterza)
Authors: Rozkrut Tomasz
Published: September 2014

The Apostolic Penitentiary constitutes a relatively little-known dicastery of the Roman Curia, however, with a very rich and long history. From the rich and very distant history of the institution, also in the context of the Year of the Faith (2012-2013) announced by the Pope Benedict XVI, we should quote the fact that with the development of the penitential practices in the Church the necessity of taking the relevant measures in order to help the pilgrims who – coming to the Eternal City – tried to receive absolution of their sins as well as they tried to obtain exemption from the sanctions reserved only to the Pope’s disposal as well was perceived. The subject of the works of the Apostolic Penitentiary is settling the special issues (sui generis) that concern the forum internum, that is the matter of conscience and moral problems of particular worshippers (both the clergy as well as the lay faithful) that are at the foundation of the specific and frequently hard-to-solve problems of the human nature directed to the Penitentiary. The Apostolic Penitentiary, in general, settles everything that affects the matter of conscience. Therefore, apart from granting grace, remission of sins, dispensing, exchanging and decreasing censures, canonical sanctions, it analyses and settles all the matters of conscience that have been presented to it; in this last example, first of all, by providing the answers for particular doubts of moral and legal nature that are depicted by confessors or interested people. In these very wide competences the Apostolic Penitentiary solves solely single and specific problems, whereas settlement of the issues of sub specie universalitatis falls within the competences of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Additionally, the subject of works of the Apostolic Penitentiary is granting indulgences.
Znaczenie inspiracji religijnej w muzyce
Authors: Garnczarski Stanisław
Published: September 2014

The issue of religious inspiration in the music is complex and multifaceted, rooted in the vast area of faith (internal, deeply personal) and art. In the present study was undertaken reflection on two kinds of inspiration: biblical, liturgical or religious text in general and sacred music motives and precisely liturgical.First, a significant source of inspiration is own singing of the Catholic Church – Gregorian chant, which in the Middle Ages was the main stream of sacred music, and became a source of development of polyphony, as its cantus firmus. Culmination of the polyphony development was the work of P. Palestrina. From the religious inspiration drew the composers of all eras in the history of music. In the Baroque period developed next to a popular mass such forms as oratory, its particular variant – passion and cantata. Also the form of instrumental music, especially organ (J.S. Bach, J.F. Handel). In the classicism religious music formed mainly three Viennese classicists: J. Haydn, W.A. Mozart and L. van Beethoven. Composed by them religious music bears the features of instrumental music of the period, as well as signs of secular vocal and instrumental music. The composers of the Romantic period are fulfilled in the form of a classical type of cantata mass or a symphony mass. In Poland in the field of religious music marked S. Moniuszko. Nowadays, the example of the composer inspired by religious contents is Krakow composer J. Łuciuk, forming based on Gregorian chant, biblical and liturgical texts, inspired by the person and the pontificate of John Paul II and the Marian theme. He confirms this, saying, “Poetry and literature, as faith and prayer, are inextricably linked with what I write. Always important and inspiring was the reflection associated with the reading of Scripture, liturgical texts, lives of the saints and papal documents”.
Aktualne możliwości kształcenia polskich studentów za granicą w kontekście 25. rocznicy powołania programu „Erasmus”
Authors: Stala Józef
Published: September 2014

“Erasmus”, named after a Dutch humanist and theologian, Erasmus of Rotterdam, is the European Commission’s programme for Higher Education (students, teachers and institutions). It was introduced with the aim of increasing student mobility within the European Community, subsequently including the European Economic Area countries, Switzerland and the Candidate Countries. Erasmus has been one of the four sectoral programmes supported under the EU Lifelong Learning Programme until the end of 2013. The author of this article in relation to the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the “Erasmus” program describes the current educational opportunities of Polish students. Firstly, he presents the selected challenges and opportunities of cultural and educational uniting Europe. Then, the statistical outline of youth in Poland in the context of the European Union and the display of the educational offers within the framework of European programs is shown.
Operation Mechanism of the Driving Force System of Ecosystem of Cyber-society Based on the System Dynamics
Authors: Guan Xiaolan , Zhang Zhenji , Zhang Shugang
Published: September 2014

Operation of the driving force system of Ecosystem of Cyber-society needs a scientific mechanism of intervention and regulation to solve the integration problem of a variety of organizations and forces within the Ecosystem of Cyber-society, shorten the process from uncoordination to coordination, promote the orderly operation of the driving force system of Ecosystem of Cyber-society, make the system play a strong force, in order to promote the formation and rapid development of Ecosystem of Cyber-society. We analyze the driving force system of Ecosystem of Cyber-society using the theory of System Dynamics and propose a theoretical framework, and then present its operation mechanism systematically.
A Novel Entity Type Filtering Model for Related Entity Finding
Authors: Zhang Junsan , Qu Youli , Tian Shengfeng
Published: September 2014

Entity is an important information carrier in Web pages. Searchers often want a ranked list of relevant entities directly rather a list of documents. So the research of related entity finding (REF) is a meaningful work. In this paper we investigate the most important task of REF: Entity Ranking. To address the issue of wrong entity type in entity ranking: some retrieved entities don't belong to the target entity type. We propose a novel entity type filtering model in which the target types are composed of the originally assigned type and the new type which is automatically acquired from the topic's narrative to filter wrong-type entities. For the query, we propose a method to process the original narrative to acquire a new query which is composed of noun and verb phrases. The results of experiments show our novel type filtering model gets a better result than the traditional filtering model at whatever precision and recall. Also the experiment shows the method that we acquire a new query is feasible.
Research governance and scientific knowledge production in The Gambia
Authors: Ozor Frederick U.
Published: September 2014

Public research institutions and scientists are principal actors in the production and transfer of scientific knowledge, technologies and innovations for application in industry as well for social and economic development. Based on the relevance of science and technology actors, the aim of this study was to identify and explain factors in research governance that influence scientific knowledge production and to contribute to empirical discussions on the impact levels of different governance models and structures. These discussions appear limited and mixed in the literature, although still are ongoing. No previous study has examined the possible contribution of the scientific committee model of research governance to scientific performance at the individual level of the scientist. In this context, this study contributes to these discussions, firstly, by suggesting that scientific committee structures with significant research steering autonomy could contribute not only directly to scientific output but also indirectly through moderating effects on research practices. Secondly, it is argued that autonomous scientific committee structures tend to play a better steering role than do management-centric models and structures of research governance.
Integrated Geoscience and Reservoir Simulation Approach to Understanding Fluid Flow in Multi-Well Pad Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Kam P. , Nadeem M. , Omatsone E. N. , Novlesky A. , Kumar A.
Published: September 2014

This paper presents a systematic approach to integrate geoscience and dynamic reservoir modeling of two multi-well pads in the Horn River Basin, Canada. The Horn River shale gas play is a world-class unconventional gas resource and is being exploited using multi-stage fracturing along horizontal wells. The two well pads, Pad-1 and Pad-2, selected for this study are comprised of eight and seven wells respectively with 1 to 7 years of production history. Numerical modeling of shale reservoirs has historically been a problematic low-confidence exercise, because of the difficulties associated with inadequate characterization of the geologic framework of shale plays; the problems of estimating the properties of fracture networks; and the complexities of capturing multi-phase flow in fracture networks and wellbores during production, especially in the face of offset wells activity. The work presented in this paper provides useful insights into these issues.

The geoscience modeling activity begins with integrating information from cores, well logs, petrophysical analyses and seismic data into a 3D geocellular model. At first, this model was based upon a simple lithostratigraphic concept and this was the basis of the numerical flow modeling exercise of Pad-1. The 3D geocellular model was thereafter thoroughly reworked to incorporate a sequence stratigraphic perspective of the Horn River shale and to include geomechanical considerations based upon the stratigraphic positioning and landing depths of the subject horizontal wells. This reworked geocellular model had a profound impact on the dynamic modeling of the Pad-2. Also hydraulic conductivity of induced and natural fractures was measured on core plugs at reservoir conditions to assign conductivity values to primary, secondary and tertiary flow paths into dynamic reservoir modeling.

As a result of the integrated workflow, we have achieved a history match allowing us to further understand the hydraulic fracture behaviour and its impact on producing shale reservoirs within the Horn River Formation. Based on the findings we recommend completion strategy that can produce more than one compartmentalized shale reservoir to optimize production. Ultimately, the objective of any reservoir modelling project is to provide a range of reliable forecast of future performance that is grounded in representative geoscience interpretations and that takes operational constraints into account. The technical learnings described in this work will be helpful to further understand the hydraulic fracturing behaviour and their impact on producing the Horn River shale reservoirs.