bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timing and outcomes of noninvasive ventilation in 307 ARDS COVID-19 patients: an observational study in an Italian third level COVID-19 hospital
Authors: Tetaj Nardi , Piselli Pierluca , Zito Sara , De Angelis Giada , Marini Maria Cristina , Rubino Dorotea , Onnis Ilaria , Gaviano Ilaria , Antonica Maria Vittoria , Agostini Elisabetta , Porcelli Candido , Stazi Giulia Valeria , Garotto Gabriele , Busso Donatella , D’Aprano Silvana Scarcia , Navarra Assunta , Cimaglia Claudia , Topino Simone , Iacomi Fabio , D’Abramo Alessandra , Pinnetti Carmela , Gualano Gina , Capone Alessandro , Villanacci Alberta , Antinori Andrea , Palmieri Fabrizio , D’Offizi Gianpiero , Ianniello Stefania , Taglietti Fabrizio , Campioni Paolo , Vaia Francesco , Nicastri Emanuele , Girardi Enrico , Marchioni Luisa
Published: May 2022

Purpose
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel cause of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). With the increase of ARDS cases during COVID-19 pandemic, the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has grown significantly in the hospital ward. However, there is a lack of evidence to support its efficacy in these patients.
Methods
We conducted an observational cohort study including adult ARDS COVID-19 patients admitted in a third level COVID-center in Rome, Italy (Jan-Sep 2020). The study analyzed the rate of NIV failure defined by the occurrence of orotracheal intubation and/or death within 28 days from starting NIV, its effectiveness, and its relative risk of death. The factors associated with the outcomes were identified through a logistic regression analysis.
Results
During the study period, a total of 942 COVID-19 patients were admitted, of which 307 (32.5%) with ARDS at hospitalization. Overall, 224 (23.8%) were treated with NIV. NIV failure occurred in 84 (37.5%) patients. Moderate and severe ARDS had an increased risk of NIV failure within 28 days from starting NIV of 5- (aOR = 5.01, 95% CI 2.08–12.09) and 20-fold (aOR = 19.95, 5.31–74.94) respectively, compared to patients with mild ARDS. A total of 128 patients (13.5%) were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). At 28-day from ICU admission, COVID-19 patients treated with NIV without intubation had 96% lower mortality (aOR 0.04, 0.01–0.32) in comparison with patients that underwent orotracheal intubation without prior NIV.
Conclusions
NIV failure was independently associated with COVID-19 ARDS severity. Starting NIV in COVID-19 patients with already mild ARDS (P/F > 200 mmHg) appears to increase NIV effectiveness and reduce the risk of orotracheal intubation and/or death. Moreover, early NIV treatment seems to reduce the risk of ICU mortality within 28 days from ICU admission.
Case Report of a Rare Collision Tumour of Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Mothayapan Prasad , Ong Diana BL , Ng Khoon Leong
Published: May 2022

Introduction
Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas account for 90–95% of all thyroid cancers. The co-existence of these two cancers is extremely rare and have only been described in case reports. We report a rare case of a collision tumour of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma in the same thyroid lobe.
Case Presentation
A 43-year-old woman presented with an anterior neck mass. A right thyroid nodule was clinically palpable. Ultrasonography revealed bilateral thyroid nodules. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the right nodule revealed cyst content, while FNA of the left nodule demonstrated atypia of undetermined significance. The patient was counselled for a left hemithyroidectomy but opted for removal of the enlarged right thyroid nodule. A right hemithyroidectomy was performed and histopathology revealed follicular carcinoma as well as a nodule consisting of papillary carcinoma. These two malignant nodules were separated by a section of normal thyroid tissue. A completion left hemithyroidectomy subsequently revealed papillary carcinoma in the left thyroid lobe. The patient was subsequently treated with radioiodine (131I) and thyroxine suppression therapy.
Conclusion
Collision tumours have been described as two independent tumours with distinct morphology which occur concurrently at the same site but having a distinct border. They are extremely rare entities. Clinical, radiological and cyto-histopathological evaluation is fundamental in investigating thyroid nodules but may miss a collision tumour. A number of theories and genetic mutations have been implicated in this collision phenomenon, but none have been proven so far. Management of collision tumours need to be individualised.
Clinicopathologic Features among Pathogenic Variants/Likely Pathogenic Variants, Variants of Unknown Significance, and Wild Type of BRCA1/2 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Kim Junyoung , Lee Yu Seung , Park Sujin , Pee Junhyeok , Na Chansik , Chu Gyoyeong , Kang Byeongju , Lee Jeeyeon
Published: May 2022

Background
Approximately 5–10% of breast cancers are BRCA-positive. Because of higher grades and proliferation indices, these prognoses are poor compared to sporadic breast cancers. This study analyzed the clinicopathologic features of breast cancer based on BRCA gene status.
Methods
A total of 315 women with breast cancer underwent genetic assessments between 2006 and 2019. BRCA gene status was classified as either pathogenic variant/likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPV), variant of unknown significance (VUS), or wild type. The following clinicopathologic variables were assessed: age, body mass index (BMI), clinical and pathologic stages, treatment modalities, and oncologic outcomes.
Results
Upon assessing their BRCA gene status, there were 97 patients (30.8%) with PV/LPV and 53 patients (16.8%) with VUS. Although the most treatment modalities including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy and target therapy were more frequently administrated in BRCA-positive breast cancer patients, in multivariate analysis, neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not show statistical significance between three groups. The immunohistochemical staining results, such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2/neu gene, triple negative breast cancer were all strongly showed significantly different between the three groups. And the Ki67 index had a significantly higher expression in BRCA-positive breast cancer (p < 0.001). Oncologic outcomes, such as locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, and death, were not significantly different between the three groups (p = 0.587, 0.071, and 0.742, respectively).
Conclusion
The Ki67 index had a significantly higher expression in BRCA-positive breast cancer. This implies its potential as an efficient prognostic factor in BRCA-positive breast cancer.
Impact of Superior Cerebellar Artery Occlusion after Thrombectomy for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion
Authors: Baek Byung Hyun , Lee Yun Young , Kim Seul Kee , Park Chan , Lee Byung Chan , Kim Hyoung Ook , Yoon Woong
Published: May 2022

Occlusions of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) are occasionally observed during thrombectomy in patients with posterior circulation stroke. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and clinical impact of SCA occlusion remaining after endovascular thrombectomy for acute basilar artery occlusion. We retrospectively analyzed data from 116 patients who underwent thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion. The presence or absence of SCA occlusion was assessed on final angiograms. Clinical and radiologic data were compared between patients with and without SCA occlusion. All patients underwent pretreatment and follow-up diffusion-weighted imaging to detect new infarctions in SCA territory. Follow-up computed tomography angiography was performed to detect spontaneous recanalization of occluded SCAs. Ten patients (8.6%) had SCA occlusions on final angiograms. Of these, two patients had bilateral occlusions. A new infarction in corresponding SCA territory occurred in 5 of 10 patients and new midbrain infarction in one patient. The diameter of new infarctions ranged from 4 to 11mm. No patients with SCA occlusions experienced symptomatic cerebellar hemorrhage or malignant cerebellar infarction. There were no differences in the length of hospital stay, rates of favorable outcome, and mortality between patients with and without SCA occlusions. Nine of 12 (75%) SCA occlusions showed spontaneous recanalization. In conclusion, SCA occlusions remaining after thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion had a benign clinical course. In addition, most of these lesions had recanalized spontaneously. Our study suggests that attempts to recanalize remnant SCA occlusion may be unnecessary after basilar artery thrombectomy.
Sperm Cryopreservation for Newly Diagnosed Cancer Patients in South of China: A 12-Year Retrospective Study in 1034 Patients
Authors: Wang Qi-Ling , Ye Gui-Fang , Zhong Kai-Xin , Wu Xin , Lin Wei-Xin , Luo Lu-Lu , Zhang Xin-Zong , Zhu Wei-Jie
Published: May 2022

Background: Sperm cryopreservation is an effective method to fertility preservation for cancer patients before anti-cancer treatments. However, there were very few data on fertility preservation for the large number of cancer patients in South China.Objectives: To understand the fertility preservation status of newly diagnosed male cancer patients in South China.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was evaluated in 1034 cancer patients performed sperm cryopreservation in the human sperm bank of Guangdong Province in China between the years 2010 and 2021. The data were collected from medical records and analysed including demographics, cancer information, semen examination, and cryopreservation. Results: Of these 1034 cases, 302 had reproductive system tumors, mainly testicular cancers (99.0%), and 732 found non-reproductive system tumors, including lymphoma (33.1%), gastrointestinal cancer (16.3%), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (15.7%), leukemia (7.7%), sarcoma (3.6%) and others (23.6%). The number of cancer patients with sperm cryopreservation had been increasing since the last 12 years. The patients with reproductive system tumors had significantly lower sperm concentration, pre-freezing progressive motility, and post-thawing progressive motility than those with non-reproductive system tumors (p<0.001). Significant differences were observed on sperm parameters mentioned above and normal sperm morphology between the patients undergone anticancer surgery before sperm cryopreservation and those without surgery (p<0.05).Conclusions: This study provides valuable data derived from the geographical area for the understanding of its fertility preservation status, which demonstrates that reproductive system tumors greatly harmed the sperm quality of the patients prior to anti-cancer treatments and reflects more cancer patients would have strong willingness to undergo fertility preservation in South China.
Comparison of short-term DAPT and long-term DAPT on the prognosis of PCI patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Jiaxin , Ding Yaodong , Wang Rui , Wang Kexin , Liu Xiaoli , Shen Hua , Sun Yan , Zhou Yujie , Ge Hailong , Fang Zhe
Published: May 2022

Background
This article aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of short-term (3–6 months) dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) compared to long-term (12 months) DAPT.
Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for all the randomized controlled trials which compared the different durations of DAPT after the percutaneous coronary intervention within ten years before January 2021. The safety endpoint included major bleeding and any bleeding. The efficacy endpoints included all causes of death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, definite or probable stent thrombosis, target vessel revascularization, and stroke. The hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval were abstracted.
Result
11 trials and 24242 patients were finally included in this meta-analysis. Short-term DAPT was associated with a reduced risk of major bleeding [HR 0.65, 95%CI 0.48–0.89] and any bleeding [HR 0.64, 95%CI 0.53–0.79] compared with long-term DAPT. No significant differences in the risks of other endpoints were observed. In acute coronary syndrome, short-term DAPT was associated with a lower risk of major bleeding [HR 0.57, 95%CI 0.37–0.87].
Conclusion
Compared with long-term DAPT, short-term DAPT reduced bleeding after PCI with DES. Besides, short-term DAPT was also feasible and safely applicable if clinically required even in ACS patients.
S-9-PAHSA regulates glycolipid metabolism by enhancing autophagy and upregulating PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Yu Zhong-yu , Lin Jin-hong , Wang Jian-tao , Liu Ying-chao , Zhang Xiao-ming , Wen Xiao-hong , Zhang Qian , Xu Xiao-die , He Cheng-feng , Xue Wen-jiao , Wang Xin-ru , Ren Jiao-qi , Wang Jin-xiu , Wang Yin , Xiao Ji-chang , Guo Jing-chun , Zhou Hou-guang
Published: May 2022

Background: The disorders of glucolipid metabolism are prevalent in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Palmitic-Acid-Hydroxy-Stearic Acid (PAHSA) had been reported to benefit glucolipid metabolism in diabetic mice. Given the importance of autophagy in T2DM, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether S-9-PAHSA has specific therapeutic effects on diabetics, particularly with regards to autophagy.﻿Methods: 19-week-old male C57BL6 mice were fed with high-fat-diet for 4 months, and ﻿administered with 22.5 mg/kg/d or 5.5 mg/kg/d fatty acids or an equivalent volume of vehicle for 35 days. Glucose levels and weight were determined. Insulin, glycosylated serum protein (GSP), glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and oxidized modified low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were assessed by ELISA kit. Autophagy-related proteins P62 and Beclin-1in cerebral cortex were detected by western blot. SH-SY 5Y cells were incubated under diabetic environment (glucose 100mmol/L, fatty acid 200μmol/L), and then treated with S-9-PAHSA, R-9-PAHSA and 9-PAHSA. Cell viability, cell proliferation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were detected by respective kits. Apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL assay. The protein levels of apoptosis (Cleaved caspase-3, BAX/Bcl-2), autophagy (Beclin1, p62 and LC3II/I) and PI3K/AKT pathway were determined by western blot. Results: Although S-9-PAHSA did not alter glucose levels, weight, GLP-1 and GSP in mice, high-does S-9-PAHSA improved insulin resistance and lowered ox-LDL. Compared with control group, the up-regulated expression of P62 and down-regulated expression of Beclin1 in diabetic mice were found, and the S-9-PAHSA administration reduced P62. In vitro, S-9-PAHSA increased cell viability and proliferation while reduced LDH release and ROS production, which were better than R-9-PAHSA and 9-PAHSA. S-9-PAHSA could lower the levels of Cleaved caspase-3 and percentage of TUNEL-positive cells. S-9-PAHSA enhanced the expression of LC3II/I under high glucose and fatty acid stimulation. PI3K and p-AKT/AKT ratio under diabetic environment had a downward trend, and S-9-PAHSA might enhance their expression, but there was no statistical difference. Conclusions: S-9-PAHSA could regulate glycolipid metabolism in HFD-induced T2DM mice through autophagy-associated protein, and exerted protective effects on diabetes by the regulation of autophagy, reducing oxidative stress, partially activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Trend Changes and Factor Analysis of Endometrial Hyperplasia in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Based on the Korean National Health Insurance Database
Authors: Park Bora , Lee Hakmo , Park Suyeon , Lee Eun Sil , Lee Jeong Jae , Lee Young , Seo Je Hyun
Published: May 2022

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with an increased risk of other gynecological disorders, such as endometrial hyperplasia (EH). However, substantial factors in the comorbidity of EH and PCOS remain to be investigated. We analyzed trend changes in PCOS and factors related to the comorbidity of PCOS and EH using data from the Korea National Health Insurance (KNHI) claims database.Methods The data for this population-based study of people diagnosed with PCOS or EH in Korea from 2009 to 2016 were collected from the KNHI claims database between 2007 and 2017. We conducted a trend analysis of the prevalence and incidence of PCOS and EH. In addition, we performed a logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors associated with EH incidence in people with PCOS using the matched case-control methodology.Results The average annual growth rate of the incidence of PCOS was 14.1% from 2009 to 2016, whereas the EH rate increased by only 3.4% annually. Comorbidities, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and infertility, increased the risk of EH in PCOS patients. Additionally, the cumulative duration of oral contraceptive treatment for PCOS correlated highly with the comorbidity of EH and PCOS.Conclusions We confirmed the relationship between PCOS and EH using big data suitable for time series analyses of the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Care is needed when choosing oral contraceptives and progestin to treat PCOS.
Feasibility study of using biodiesel fuels as a blendstock of commercial diesel fuels
Authors: Belozertseva N. E. , Torchakova O. M. , Bogdanov I. A. , Kirgina M. V.
Published: May 2022

Reducing emissions associated with the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels and increasing the consumption of biofuels represents an urgent economic and environmental task. Biodiesel is an alternative to petroleum diesel fuel and is widely used as a commercial fuel blendstock. In this regard, it is important to study the feasibility of using biodiesel obtained from various raw materials as a blendstock of commercial diesel fuels, as well as to identify optimal ratios of biodiesel fuel/petroleum diesel fuel. The addition of even small amounts of biodiesel has a positive effect on the environmental properties of the fuel. In the present study, we synthesize biodiesel fuel from sunflower, corn, and rapeseed oils by the reaction of interesterification using ethyl alcohol as an interesterifying agent and sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. The composition and properties of the synthesized biodiesel fuels were determined. Blends of biodiesel/petroleum diesel fuel with 5, 10, 15, 20 vol.% biodiesel blend content were prepared followed by determination of their composition and properties. It was found that the addition of biodiesel fuel increases the density, viscosity, and self-ignition of the resulting fuel, at the same time as decreasing the sulfur content and making the fractional composition heavier. This effect is directly proportional to the concentration of biodiesel in the blend. The effect of reducing the limiting filterability temperature of the blend fuel by the addition of biodiesel was revealed, with its maximum achieved at different concentrations of biodiesel synthesized from sunflower, corn, and rapeseed oils. For the production of a summer commercial diesel fuel, we recommend blends of 10vol.% biodiesel fuel, derived from any of the vegetable oils under study, and 90vol.% petroleum diesel fuel.
A technology for producing electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries from Kazakhstan spodumene raw materials
Authors: Zhanabayeva A. K. , Bishimbayeva G. K. , Zhumabayeva D. S. , Nalibayeva A. M. , Abdikalykov Ye. N.
Published: May 2022

This study aims to develop a technology for producing innovative electrode materials for modern lithium batteries. An efficient technology for post-purifying of technical lithium carbonate to reach the level of battery quality (99.95%) was developed. This technology involves causticiziation of technical lithium carbonate, ultrafiltration and ion-exchange sorption of a lithium hydroxide solution, followed by precipitation of lithium carbonate with ammonium carbonate. Cation-exchange resins of the brands Purolite S930Plus, Purolite S940 and Purolite S950 were studied for sorption purification of lithium-containing solutions from calcium and magnesium impurities. Purolite S940 and Purolite S950 can be recommended as the most effective cation exchangers. The kinetic parameters of calcium and magnesium sorption were determined using a Purolite S940 cation exchanger. The bicarbonation mode was set at room temperature and a pressure of 0.3 atm. The synthesized samples of lithium-iron-phosphate studied by the sol-gel method. The structures of the obtained electrode materials corresponding to the standard profile of lithium-iron-phosphate were investigated by X-ray diffraction. The synthesized electrode materials in the structure of lithium half- and button cells confirmed their good electrochemical properties, stable operation of batteries and a high intercalation reversibility of lithium ions in the samples within the potential range of 2.5–4.3 V. The main research results are innovative cathode and anode materials of a new generation for modern lithium-ion batteries with significantly increased capacity and stability of operation, obtained from lithium precursors – battery grade lithium carbonate based on domestic mineral and technogenic raw materials.
Synthesis and characterization of 2,5-dibutylthio-2,3-dihydro-2-formyl-4H-pyran thiosemicarbazones and their copper complexes
Authors: Verochkina E. A. , Vchislo N. V. , Larina L. I. , Titov E. A.
Published: May 2022

Previously unknown derivatives of thiosemicarbazide were obtained in high yields by the condensation reaction of 2,5-dibutylthio-2,3-dihydro-2-formyl-4H-pyran with 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide or thiosemicarbazide when boiling in EtOH. The reaction products are represented by colored oils. Cu(II) complexes based on 2,5-dibutylthio-2,3-dihydro-2-formyl-4H-pyran carbazones were synthesized by their interaction with copper (II) chloride. All these complexes are soluble in dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and, according to elemental analysis, have a 1:1 metal-ligand stoichiometry. The obtained compounds were studied using IR and 1H, 13C, 15N NMR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis. The obtained copper-containing complexes with thiosemicarbazones are of particular interest due to their pronounced biological activity. The thiosemicarbazone 2,5-dibutylthio-2,3-dihydro-2-formyl-4H-pyran compound was subjected to primary screening for acute toxicity. The obtained results showed that, when taken intragastricaly, the studied compound can be characterized as a substance with a low risk of acute toxicity. According to the DL50 parameter, the compound belongs to the V hazard class (DL50>2000 mg/kg).
Synthesis of a graft copolymer of polybutyl acrylate on fish collagen substratum using the RbTe1.5W0.5O6 complex oxide photocatalyst
Authors: Semenycheva L. L. , Uromicheva M. A. , Chasova V. O. , Fukina D. G. , Koryagin A. V. , Valetova N. B. , Suleimanov E. V.
Published: May 2022

In order to obtain a graft copolymer of polybutyl acrylate (PBA) on the substratum of emulsified fish collagen, RbTe1.5W0.5O6 complex oxide was used as a photocatalyst under visible light irradiation (λ = 400–700 nm). The emulsion was prepared by mixing the monomer and the aqueous collagen solution in a ratio of 1:2. Next, the catalyst was introduced into the resulting mixture, followed by stirring and ultrasound treatment. Before the reaction, the emulsion was bubbled with argon for 15 min. The reaction was carried out in an argon flow with continuous stirring. The radiation source was a 30 W visible light LED lamp placed at a distance of no more than 10 cm from the reaction mixture. At the end of the reaction, the emulsified organic phase was extracted with toluene, followed by phase isolation. In order to isolate the catalyst, the aqueous part of the solution was centrifuged for 30 min. Subsequently, the powder was repeatedly washed in distilled water at a temperature of 50 °C. The washed catalyst was dried, and the surface of the oxide after emulsion polymerization was examined using a scanning electron microscope. For the PBA–collagen graft copolymer emulsion isolated from the aqueous phase, molecular weight characteristics confirming the formation of a graft copolymer were obtained. It was established that the nitrogen content of amino acid residues in the PBA–collagen graft copolymer is significantly lower than in collagen, which indicates the formation of a graft copolymer. An analysis of films and sponges of PBA–collagen graft copolymer samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a new structural-relief organization compared to collagen. A SEM analysis of the RbTe1.5W0.5O6 powder surface after the synthesis of the PBA–collagen graft copolymer detected fragments of polymer macromolecules on its surface. This can be explained by the fact that the catalyst used not only is a source of hydroxyl radicals, but сan also participate in the formation of a polymer on the powder surface due to the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from hydroxyl groups on its surface under the action of a hydroxyl radical.
Assessment of environmental safety of the population in Kemerovo region
Authors: Zaitseva E. A. , Sharapova J. S. , Vtorushina A. N.
Published: May 2022

An increase in the volume of mining, large power plants, metallurgy, chemistry and machine building enterprises, as well as an increase in the number of motor vehiles in Kuzbass have a negative impact on the ecological state of the region, which, in turn, negatively affects the well-being and health of the population. According to the World Health Organization, 30–40% of life expectancy depends on the quality of the environment. The purpose of the study is to assess the environmental safety for the population of Kemerovo region. Using various research methods, statistical data were studied and summarized, regulatory documents were analyzed, and comparisons and calculations of environmental indicators were made. In particular, the risks of exposure to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic substances were calculated. The hazard coefficient was used to determine to what extent the presence of each pollutant in the air has a negative impact, and which organ of the human body is exposed to the negative impact. The absence of a threat to public health was revealed. However, it is necessary to control emissions, since the risk can exceed the acceptable level. Possible sources of negative impacts are compared with the list of pollutants in the air. Measures to reduce the negative impact of pollutants on the environment on the example of Kemerovo were suggested.
Iron and aluminum substitution mechanism in the perovskite phase in the system MgSiO3-FeAlO3-MgO
Authors: Ishii Takayuki , McCammon Catherine , Katsura Tomoo
Published: May 2022

Fe,Al-bearing MgSiO3 perovskite (bridgmanite) is considered to be the most abundant mineral in Earth’s lower mantle, hosting ferric iron in its structure as charge-coupled (Fe2O3 and FeAlO3) and vacancy components (MgFeO2.5 and Fe2/3SiO3). We examined concentrations of ferric iron and aluminum in the perovskite phase as a function of temperature (1700–2300 K) in the MgSiO3-FeAlO3-MgO system at 27 GPa using a multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus. We found a LiNbO3-structured phase in the quenched run product, which was the perovskite phase under high pressures and high temperatures. The perovskite phase coexists with corundum and a phase with (Mg,Fe3+,☐)(Al,Fe3+)2O4 composition (☐ = vacancy). The FeAlO3 component in the perovskite phase decreases from 69 to 65 mol% with increasing temperature. The Fe2O3 component in the perovskite phase remains unchanged at ~1 mol% with temperature. The A-site vacancy component of Fe2/3SiO3 in the perovskite phase exists as 1–2 mol% at 1700–2000 K, whereas 1 mol% of the oxygen vacancy component of MgFeO2.5 appears at higher temperatures, although the analytical errors prevent definite conclusions. The A-site vacancy component might be more important than the oxygen vacancy component for the defect chemistry of bridgmanite in slabs and for average mantle conditions when the FeAlO3 charge-coupled component is dominant.
Theories of Social Stability from the Standpoint of Mass Communication
Authors: Simonov P. Yu.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the scientific and theoretical understanding of the problem of social stability from the point of view of the communicative aspects of sociology, political science, and cultural studies. The aim of the study is to analyze theories of social stability. Within the framework of achieving this goal, the author defines the main approaches to the definition of the concept of social stability and substantiates the concepts that correspond to the modern period of development of the communication environment. The research methodology is complex and includes a descriptive method in the field of the theory of social stability, analysis, review and comparison of existing concepts of stability. The author examines the development of the concept of social stability, the processes of theoretical study of issues of socio-political stability, dwelling in detail on the current state of this problem, comparing the existing theories of domestic and foreign authors.
Assessment of Current Threats to Information Security Using Transformer Technology
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ", Vasilyev Vladimir ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University", Vulfin Alexey ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ufa State Aviation Technical University", Kuchkarova Nailya ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ufa State Aviation Technical University"
Published: May 2022

Purpose: development of an automated system for assessing current threats to the security of software of industrial automation systems based on the technology of Transformers. Methods: comparison of the set of identified software vulnerabilities, corresponding tactics (techniques) and relevant threats to information security by assessing the semantic proximity metrics of their text descriptions using Text Mining technology based on transformers models. Practical relevance: an automated system for assessing current software security threats has been developed, which makes it possible to compare and rank information and cyber security threats for identified vulnerabilities from the FSTEC of Russia Information Security Threats Databank, to automate the selection of techniques and tactics for constructing threat scenarios. The results of the comparative analysis show that the use of this system makes it possible to simplify the procedure for selecting potential threats and comparing vulnerabilities to them, in addition, a possible set of tactics and techniques is automatically generated, which makes it possible to reduce the time spent on building scenarios for the implementation of threats.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Reveal Abnormal Behavior of Data Center Users
Authors:   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saenko Igor , Kotenko Igor ,   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, All-Barri Mazen ,   Federal State Public Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Military Telecommunication Academy named after the Soviet Union Marshal Budienny S. M.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article: development of the method for detecting anomalous behavior of users of data centers based on the use of artificial neural networks. Research method: theoretical and system analysis of open data sources for detecting SQL queries and creating artificial neural networks, development and software implementation of a method for detecting anomalous behavior of data center users using artificial neural networks, experimental evaluation of the developed method. The result obtained: an approach to detecting anomalous behavior of users of data centers is proposed, based on the introduction of an analytical block containing a module of artificial neural networks into the protection system. The structure of an artificial neural network is proposed in the form of seven sequentially connected neural layers of a fixed dimension with different activation functions. The procedure for generating a data set for training a neural network based on a set of database log records is described. Examples of the implementation and experimental evaluation of the proposed method are given, confirming its effectiveness and high efficiency. The area of use of the proposed approach is anomaly and cyberattack detection components designed to improve the efficiency of information security monitoring and management systems.
Readiness of economics students for industry 4.0
Authors: Ngoc Phi Nguyen Tran , Thuy Phuong Nguyen Thi , Trong Nhan Pham Nguyen , Bich Tuyen Vo , Mai Lan Nguyen
Published: May 2022

The present study aimed to qualitatively investigate the readiness for The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) of economics majors at Vietnam’s private universities. Initially, A survey questionnaire was built to collect data from 350 students majoring in economics at private universities in Vietnam. The rate of valid answers is 100% (N=350). Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to analyze quantitative data. Through the regression analysis, findings confirmed a research representative model which had previously hypothesized that perceptions, tech skills, and non-tech skills of Vietnamese economics majors are correlated to their readiness for Industry 4.0. The findings of this study suggest that higher education plays a crucial role in heightening undergraduates’ skills to gear up for their future careers during this disruptive development. The analysis results of the article can be used as a reference to increase college students' readiness toward IR 4.0, thereby ensuring the quality of students after graduation to meet the needs of society
A Platform to Develop and Apply Digital Methods for Empirical Bioethics Research: Mixed Methods Design and Development Study
Authors: Schneider Manuel
Published: May 2022

Background

The rise of digital methods and computational tools has opened up the possibility of collecting and analyzing data from novel sources, such as discussions on social media. At the same time, these methods and tools introduce a dependence on technology, often resulting in a need for technical skills and expertise. Researchers from various disciplines engage in empirical bioethics research, and software development and similar skills are not usually part of their background. Therefore, researchers often depend on technical experts to develop and apply digital methods, which can create a bottleneck and hinder the broad use of digital methods in empirical bioethics research.

Objective

This study aimed to develop a research platform that would offer researchers the means to better leverage implemented digital methods, and that would simplify the process of developing new methods.

Methods

This study used a mixed methods approach to design and develop a research platform prototype. I combined established methods from user-centered design, rapid prototyping, and agile software development to iteratively develop the platform prototype. In collaboration with two other researchers, I tested and extended the platform prototype in situ by carrying out a study using the prototype.

Results

The resulting research platform prototype provides three digital methods, which are composed of functional components. This modular concept allows researchers to use existing methods for their own experiments and combine implemented components into new methods.

Conclusions

The platform prototype illustrates the potential of the modular concept and empowers researchers without advanced technical skills to carry out experiments using digital methods and develop new methods. However, more work is needed to bring the prototype to a production-ready state.
Automated Analysis of Drawing Process to Estimate Global Cognition in Older Adults: Preliminary International Validation on the US and Japan Data Sets (Preprint)
Authors: Yamada Yasunori , Shinkawa Kaoru , Kobayashi Masatomo , Badal Varsha D , Glorioso Danielle , Lee Ellen E , Daly Rebecca , Nebeker Camille , Twamley Elizabeth W , Depp Colin , Nemoto Miyuki , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Kim Ho-Cheol , Arai Tetsuaki , Jeste Dilip V
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

With the aging of populations worldwide, early detection of cognitive impairments has become a research and clinical priority, particularly to enable preventive intervention for dementia. Automated analysis of the drawing process has been studied as a promising means for lightweight, self-administered cognitive assessment. However, this approach has not been sufficiently tested for its applicability across populations.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of automated analysis of the drawing process for estimating global cognition in community-dwelling older adults across populations in different nations.

METHODS

We collected drawing data with a digital tablet, along with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores for assessment of global cognition, from 92 community-dwelling older adults in the United States and Japan. We automatically extracted 6 drawing features that characterize the drawing process in terms of the drawing speed, pauses between drawings, pen pressure, and pen inclinations. We then investigated the association between the drawing features and MoCA scores through correlation and machine learning–based regression analyses.

RESULTS

We found that, with low MoCA scores, there tended to be higher variability in the drawing speed, a higher pause:drawing duration ratio, and lower variability in the pen’s horizontal inclination in both the US and Japan data sets. A machine learning model that used drawing features to estimate MoCA scores demonstrated its capability to generalize from the US dataset to the Japan dataset (R2=0.35; permutation test, P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

This study presents initial empirical evidence of the capability of automated analysis of the drawing process as an estimator of global cognition that is applicable across populations. Our results suggest that such automated analysis may enable the development of a practical tool for international use in self-administered, automated cognitive assessment.
A Health App for Evidence-Based Postpartum Information: Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Silva de Medeiros Máyra Cármem , de Oliveira Maiara Costa , Gurgel Leonandro Valério Barbosa , Ribeiro Rodrigues Anna Giselle Câmara Dantas , Micussi Maria Thereza Albuquerque Barbosa Cabral , Magalhães Adriana Gomes
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

After childbirth, women undergo substantial physical and emotional changes. Therefore, it is important to provide them with information that helps them identify what is expected during this stage, as well as signs and symptoms that indicate complications after they have been discharged from the hospital.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop a health app—Towards Motherhood—that provides evidence-based information about the postpartum period and evaluate the usability of the app with the target population.

METHODS

This was a validation study involving 80 participants, including 24 professionals from the obstetric health field, 15 professionals from the technology field, and 41 postpartum women. The app was developed using React Native technology. Health professionals evaluated the app’s content using the Content Validity Index, technology professionals completed a validated evaluation to assess the appearance of the app, and postpartum women completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) to measure the usability of the app.

RESULTS

The measurement of content validity using a Likert scale obtained an approval score of 99%. Regarding the app’s appearance, 92% of responses were positive, reflecting favorable approval. The SUS usability score was 86.2, which represents excellent acceptance.

CONCLUSIONS

The Towards Motherhood mobile app is a valid tool for promoting self-care during the postpartum period. The app’s evidence-based information, user-friendly design, and high usability make it an essential resource for women during this critical stage of their live.
Retractions in Dermatology Literature Between 1982 and 2022: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Huang Austin , Huang Kevin Y , Kim Soo Jung
Published: May 2022

UNSTRUCTURED
Exploring Motivations for COVID-19 Vaccination among Black Young Adults in Three Southern States (Preprint)
Authors: Stoner Marie C.D. , Browne Erica N. , Tweedy David , Pettifor Audrey E. , Maragh-Bass Allysha C. , Toval Christina , Tolley Elizabeth E. , Comello Maria Leonora G. , Muessig Kathryn E. , Budhwani Henna , Hightow-Weidman Lisa B.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Few studies have focused on attitudes towards novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination among Black or African American young adults (BYA) in the Southern United States (US), despite high levels of infection in this population.

OBJECTIVE

To understand this gap, we conducted an online survey to explore beliefs and experiences related to COVID-19 vaccination among BYA (ages 18-29) in three southern states.

METHODS

We recruited 150 BYA to participate in an online survey as formative research for an intervention to address vaccine hesitancy/skepticism in Alabama, Georgia, and North Carolina between September 22, 2021, and November 18, 2021. Participants were recruited through social media ads on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. Additionally, we distributed information about the survey through national organizations working with BYA, our community partners and network collaborations. We used validated measures from prior surveys on COVID-19 vaccination.

RESULTS

Less than half of vaccinated respondents planned to get a booster shot (47%, n=71) and 14% (n=28) had not received any doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Half of unvaccinated respondents (50%, n=14) reported they wanted to wait longer before getting vaccinated. Motivators to get vaccinated were similar between unvaccinated and vaccinated respondents (e.g., if required, to protect the health of others); but the main motivator for those vaccinated was to protect one’s own health. Among unvaccinated individuals, reasons for not receiving the COVID-19 vaccine included concern about vaccine side effects (54%) and mistrust of vaccine safety (46%), of effectiveness (43%), and of the government’s involvement with vaccines (43%). Experiences of discrimination (40%) and mistrust of vaccines (36%) were common even among the vaccinated population. Among all respondents, those who said they would be motivated to get vaccinated if it was required for school, work, or travel, were more likely to endorse negative beliefs about vaccines compared to those motivated for other reasons.

CONCLUSIONS

Mistrust in COVID-19 vaccine safety and efficacy was common among this sample of BYA in the South, irrespective of vaccination status. Other motivators such as safety of family and community and vaccination requirements may be able to tip the scales towards a decision to be vaccinated among those who are initially hesitant. However, it is unclear how vaccine requirements among BYA in the South affect trust in government or healthcare in the long-term. Interventions that include young Black adults in vaccination messaging and programs may consider more proactively addressing trust and countering misinformation.
MIRA rehabilitation exergames for older male residents in a home care centre in Saudi Arabia: A feasibility randomised controlled trial protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Zougar Mohammad , Todd Chris , McGarrigle Lisa , Stanmore Emma
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Physical activity leads to improvements in morbidity, mortality and quality of life, especially when it is progressive, challenging and regular. There is strong evidence that strength and balance exercises decrease the risk of falling. However, traditional exercises may be tedious and not very motivating for participants. Exergames have been found to increase engagement and enjoyment for older users.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to conduct a feasibility randomised controlled trail (RCT) on the use of MIRA Rehab exergames among older male residents in a care home setting in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS

With the goal of achieving a sample of 30 eligible participants. we will recruit 38 residents in the care home who will be randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group. The intervention participants will perform gamified exercises using the MIRA telerehabilitation platform (30 minutes three times per week for six weeks). The control group will receive educational advice based on OTAGO exercise programme booklets and be encouraged to exercise (30 minutes three times per week for six weeks). Participants will be assessed at Week 0, Week 6 and Week 12. Assessments will include feasibility measures (eligibility, recruitment and attrition rates, and practicalities of data collection methods) and participant outcome measures (balance, strength, mobility, adherence, quality of life, fear of falling, depression, acceptability and usability).

RESULTS

NA

CONCLUSIONS

Based on this feasibility RCT, we will design a definitive RCT to test whether the MIRA Rehab exergame programme benefits older people in Saudi Arabia who may not like participating in traditional exercise programmes and may be unwilling or unable to leave their homes.

CLINICALTRIAL

Feasibility RCT is not required for registration
Quality of Information in Gallstone Disease Videos on TikTok: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sun Fei , Zheng Shusen , Wu Jian
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

TikTok was an important channel for consumers to access and adopt health information. But the quality of health content in TikTok remains underinvestigated.

OBJECTIVE

Our study aimed to identify upload sources, contents, and feature information of gallstone disease videos on TikTok and further evaluated the factors related to video quality.

METHODS

We investigated the first 100 gallstone-related videos on TikTok and analyzed these videos’ upload sources, content, and characteristics. The quality of videos was evaluated using quantitative scoring tools such as DISCERN instrument, the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and Global Quality Scores (GQS). Moreover, the correlation between video quality and video characteristics, including duration, likes, comments, and shares, was further investigated.

RESULTS

According to video sources, 81% of the videos were posted by doctors. Furthermore, disease knowledge was the most dominant video content, accounting for 56% of all the videos. The mean DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores of all 100 videos are 39.61 (SD 11.36), 2.00 (SD 0.40), and 2.76 (SD 0.95), respectively. According to DISCERN and GQS, gallstone-related videos’ quality score on TikTok is not high, mainly at fair (43/100, 43%,) and moderate (46/100, 46%). The total DISCERN scores of doctors were significantly higher than that of individuals and news agencies, surgery techniques were significantly higher than lifestyle and news, and disease knowledge was significantly higher than news, respectively. DISCERN scores and video duration were positively correlated. Negative correlations were found between DISCERN scores and likes and shares of videos. In GQS analysis, no significant differences were found between groups based on different sources or different contents. JAMA was excluded in the video quality and correlation analysis due to a lack of discrimination and inability to evaluate the video quality accurately.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the videos of gallstones on TikTok are mainly provided by doctors and contain disease knowledge, they are of low quality. We found a positive correlation between video duration and video quality. High-quality videos received low attention, and popular videos were of low quality. Medical information on TikTok is currently not rigorous enough to guide patients to make accurate judgments. TikTok was not an appropriate source of knowledge to educate patients due to the low quality and reliability of the information.