bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dual‐Site Non‐Invasive Brain Stimulation on Upper‐Limb Function After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ren Meng , Xu Jingjing , Wang Wenjing , Shen Lexian , Wang Chaojie , Liu Haoyang , Chen Lu , Liu Chanjing , Tang Yongheng , Wang Jiening , Liu Tiantian
Published: November 2024

Background

Non‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has attracted significant attention as it has been proven to be effective in facilitating upper limb motor recovery in patients with stroke. This meta‐analysis evaluates the efficacy of dual‐site non‐invasive brain stimulation (DS‐NIBS) in improving upper extremity motor function after stroke.

Methods

A PRISMA systematic search was conducted for randomized controlled trials. Two authors independently extracted data, and the quality of included studies was assessed.

Results

Ten studies were included in the current review. DS‐NIBS demonstrated a significant effect on upper extremity motor function impairment. However, only two studies showed no clear effects of DS‐tDCS on upper extremity motor function after stroke. Due to the limited number of studies, the effects of DS‐NIBS remain inconclusive.

Finding

This review found evidence for the relatively higher efficacy of DS‐NIBS on post‐stroke upper extremity motor function impairment, compared to the sham and SS‐NIBS. Additionally, DS‐TMS was found to generate better improvement than DS‐tDCS.
Digitalization for circular economy and operational excellence practices: A paradox theory perspective on performance improvement in manufacturing firms
Authors: Prashar Anupama , Chaudhuri Atanu
Published: November 2024

The present study evaluates how the joint implementation of circular economy (CE) and operational excellence (OE) practices supported by the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies (Internet of Things and Big Data Analytics) influence manufacturing firms' operational performance and environmental sustainability. Drawing from the paradox theory, it also investigates the moderating role of managing paradoxical tensions arising from these implementations. To test the hypothesized relationships, survey data are collected from 147 Indian manufacturing firms implementing CE, OE practices, and internet of things (IoT) and big data analytics (BDA)‐enabled digital systems. The data are analyzed using structural equation modeling and moderated mediation analysis. Results indicate a direct significant effect of adoption of IoT and BDA‐enabled digital systems on operational performance and environmental sustainability, and partial mediation by CE and OE implementations, respectively. There is a strong moderation of managing paradoxical tensions on the impact of CE and OE implementations on performance. Additionally, the conditional indirect effect of CE implementations on the environmental sustainability outcomes of the IoT and BDA adoption increases with greater effort in managing paradoxical tensions. The study answers the call for empirical research on the organizational tensions that surface due to conflicting demands of initiatives related to operational efficiency and environmental sustainability.
In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of Quinoline Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of AChE, BACE1, and GSK3β for Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatment
Authors: Assis de Oliveira Bruno , Gonçalves de Oliveira Filipe , de Assis Cruz Otávio , Mendonça de Assis Pollyana , Glanzmann Nícolas , David da Silva Adilson , Rezende Barbosa Raposo Nádia , Zabala Capriles Goliatt Priscila Vanessa
Published: November 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the structural and functional loss of neurons, which impacts populations worldwide. Enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), beta‐site APP cleaving enzyme‐1 (BACE1), and glycogen synthase kinase 3‐beta (GSK3β) are implicated in their progression. Therefore, developing compounds that inhibit these enzymes is relevant for treating these conditions. This study investigated the potential of quinoline analogs as multitarget enzyme inhibitors through in silico and in vitro assays. In silico analyses highlighted one of the derivatives as the most potent inhibitor for all proteins. In vitro assays confirmed that the quinoline derivatives modulated the activity of the three targets. The best derivative in silico also exhibited significant AChE inhibition of 94.6 %. For GSK3β and BACE1, four derivatives, with quinoline linked to the sulfonamide nitrogen, showed inhibition values above 40 %. Two of them demonstrated no cytotoxicity for human glioblastoma cell proliferation, and the most potent was noncytotoxic at 7.8 and 3.9 μg mL−1. In murine fibroblasts, the most potent derivative showed no cytotoxicity, unlike its effect on glioblastoma cells. Similarly, other derivatives were noncytotoxic at concentrations less than 62.5 μg mL−1. These findings highlight one of the derivatives as promising multitarget enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Exploring the Remarkable Potential of Algal Biomass for the Production of Nutraceutical Compounds and Their Applications
Authors: Islam Muhammad , Ahmad Irfan , Shakir Hafiz Abdullah , Khan Muhammad , Franco Marcelo , Irfan Muhammad
Published: November 2024

The world population is expected to increase up to 9.6 billion by 2050. This triggers the demand for food security and its nutritional value. Despite the advancements in the field of medicine, current research focuses on investigating natural‐origin functional foods with tremendous health‐supporting properties. It includes various natural sources such as animals, plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. The Algae group is still under investigation to find the best alternative to other previously explored sources. Algae possess remarkable potential for synthesizing natural metabolites, including primary metabolites (polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids) and secondary metabolites (Flavonoids, bromophenols, phenolic compounds, and polyphenols). These bioactive compounds have enormous anticancer, antimicrobial, and neuroprotection applications. This provokes researcher interest in exploring algae strains to optimize their metabolite production to utilize them as a functional food. Metabolomics techniques can be utilized to investigate biological samples. It will create new ways to explore algae strains that have not yet been investigated. A closed pond cultivation system is attractive to enhance algae growth in highly controlled conditions. This review emphasizes algae metabolism, cultivation methods, metabolomics analysis, genetic engineering, and advanced genome editing tools such as the CRISPR CAS9 system, which can be utilized to manipulate the algae genome for increased production.
ER Oxidoreductin 1‐Like Activity of Cyclic Diselenides Drives Protein Disulfide Isomerase in an Electron Relay System
Authors: Mikami Rumi , Nishizawa Yuya , Iwata Yuki , Kanemura Shingo , Okumura Masaki , Arai Kenta
Published: November 2024

Disulfide formation generally involves a two‐electron oxidation reaction between cysteine residues. Additionally, disulfide formation is an essential post‐translational modification for the structural maturation of proteins. This oxidative folding is precisely controlled by an electron relay network constructed by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), with a CGHC sequence as the redox‐active site, and its family enzymes. Creating reagents that mimic the functions of these enzymes facilitates folding during chemical protein synthesis. In this study, we aimed to imitate a biological electron relay system using cyclic diselenide compounds as surrogates for endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1 (Ero1), which is responsible for the re‐oxidation of PDI. Oxidized PDI (PDIox) introduces disulfide bonds into substrate proteins, resulting in its conversion to reduced PDI (PDIred). The PDIred is then re‐oxidized to PDIox by a coexisting cyclic diselenide compound, thereby restoring the function of PDI as a disulfide‐forming agent. The produced diselenol state is readily oxidized to the original diselenide state with molecular oxygen, continuously sustaining the PDI catalytic cycle. This artificial electron relay system regulating enzymatic PDI function effectively promotes the oxidative folding of disulfide‐containing proteins, such as insulin – a hypoglycemic formulation – by enhancing both yield and reaction velocity.
Single‐dose telitacicept therapy for refractory idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A case series
Authors: Sun Liping , Chen Fuce , Zhang Xinzhou
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical Message

We report three cases of IMN from our center, where patients received a single dose of telitacicept after showing no response to conventional treatments. Although one case did not respond, the other two cases achieved complete or partial remission of proteinuria. These cases illustrates the telitacicept may offer new hope for the treatment of IMN.

Despite the variety of treatment options available, effective therapies for refractory membranous nephropathy remain lacking. Recently, some reports have suggested that telitacicept is a new therapeutic option. However, only a few published studies have documented the use of telitacicept for treating idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). We present three cases of IMN from our center, where patients received a single dose of telitacicept after showing no response to conventional treatments, including glucocorticoids, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, and rituximab. Although one case did not respond, the other two cases achieved complete or partial remission of proteinuria. Thus, telitacicept may offer new hope for the treatment of refractory membranous nephropathy.
Phosphorus Doped MoO2 Enhanced Pt Catalyst for Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Li Yuanbo , Li Meng , Tursun Mamutjan , Abdukayum Abdukader , Feng Ligang
Published: November 2024

The sluggish kinetics of methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) required high‐performing catalysts in the development of direct methanol fuel cells. Herein, a phosphorus‐doped MoO2 nanorods‐supported Pt catalyst was proposed which exhibited remarkably enhanced catalytic performance toward MOR in comparison with Pt/MoO2 and commercial Pt/C. Specifically, the Pt/MoO2‐P possessed the highest peak current density of 62.63 mA cm−2, about 1.38 and 2.21 times higher than that of Pt/MoO2 (45.24 mA cm−2) and Pt/C (28.40 mA cm−2), respectively. Meanwhile, the Pt/MoO2‐P possessed high intrinsic activity expressed by specific activity and mass activity, and largely improved catalytic kinetics. Moreover, the chronoamperometry and CO‐stripping testing successfully revealed the superior stability and CO‐poisoning resistance of Pt/MoO2‐P, rendering Pt/MoO2‐P a promising catalyst for MOR. The theoretical calculation revealed the electron redistribution and strong metal‐support interaction among Pt/MoO2‐P catalysts. The greatly enhanced catalytic performance could be attributed to the heteroatom doping engineering, greatly enhancing the conductivity, and inducing electron redistribution, thereby leading to the strong metal‐support interaction and high CO‐anti poisoning ability.
Characterization of Chemical Information and Content Prediction of Dendrobium officinale Based on ATR‐FTIR
Authors: Li Peiyuan , Shen Tao , Yang Shaobing , Zuo Zhitian , Wang Yuanzhong , Hu Qiang
Published: November 2024

Dendrobium officinale is a medicinal and food plant with high commercial and medicinal value. Yunnan is known as China's “plant kingdom,” and although the climatic conditions are favorable, the large vertical climatic differences have led to a large difference in the quality of dendrobium from different origins. The analysis of quality differences between several origins with large ecological advantages has not been reported yet. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare these regions in terms of both morphology and chemical composition and to analyze the variation of their chemical composition in spectral information. The PLS‐DA, SVM, and PLSR models were developed to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate Dendrobium from different production areas. The results show that the Menghai production area was superior to other production areas in terms of phenotypic morphology, quality, and yield. Within the appropriate range, the higher the specific absorbance, the higher the quercetin content.
Response of forage sorghum cultivars to different water availability
Authors: Ajoudani Mahmoud Reza , Sayfzadeh Saeed , Valadabadi Seyed Alireza , Shahsavari Nasser , Zakerin Hamidreza
Published: November 2024

To explore the effects of varied irrigation regimes on different sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars, a split‐plot experiment adhering to a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2016 across the Khaveh and Varamin regions. The experimental treatments encompassed irrigation levels as the primary factor and four different sorghum cultivars as the secondary factor. Cultivars exhibiting larger leaf areas were associated with higher chlorophyll content, which enhanced biomass production and the quality of sorghum products. Notable variability in leaf area and crude fiber content was observed across irrigation regimes and cultivars, with 2121 cm2 to 7153 cm2 and 40.4% to 50.7%, respectively. Plant height, total dry weight, and water use efficiency were markedly higher under well‐irrigated conditions than those under moderate and severe water deficit conditions. Specifically, the Pegah cultivar displayed the highest leaf area in the Varamin region, measuring 4612 cm2 and 5911 cm2, whereas the Thin Stem cultivar exhibited the lowest leaf area at both locations. Our findings suggest that the Pegah cultivar maintained a high leaf area without reducing total dry weight, indicating its stability across different environments. Therefore, to produce sorghums in similar climatic conditions, full irrigation is recommended. These results underscore the significance of ongoing research and breeding initiatives to leverage genetic diversity and improve sorghum cultivars.
Distance‐Dependent Symmetry‐Breaking Charge Transfer in 9,10‐ Bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene Dimers
Authors: Wang Xianyuan , Lv Liping , Li Tianyu , Chen Chen , Fan Xiaonan , Cui Boce , Tang Linglong , Chen Yanli , Liu Heyuan , Li Xiyou
Published: November 2024

To investigate the effect of the through‐bond coupling strength on the symmetry‐breaking charge separation (SB‐CS) dynamics and mechanism, three 9,10‐bis((4‐hexylphenyl)ethynyl)anthracene dimers with varying distances, viz., a single‐bond linked dimer (0‐dimer), a phenylene linked dimer (1‐dimer) and a para‐biphenylene linked dimer (2‐dimer), were synthesized and studied systematically using steady‐state and transient spectroscopy. Steady‐state absorption spectra revealed that the electronic coupling strength decreased gradually with the increase of the inter‐chromophore distance, and the transition of S0→S1 includes the dark charge transfer (CT) excitation. fs‐TA spectra demonstrated that SB‐CS could be conducted in both weakly and highly polar solvents for 0‐dimer, but the SB‐CS dynamics has a significant difference. In weakly polar solvents, SB‐CS only produces the partial CT (PCT) state, but it could generate the CT state via the PCT state in highly polar solvent. In comparison, SB‐CS is only proceeded in highly polar solvents in 1‐dimer and 2‐dimer to produce the CT state directly. These results demonstrate that the SB‐CS dynamics is strongly dependent on the inter‐chromophore electronic coupling, and the relatively strong electronic coupling is crucial for the occurrence of SB‐CS in weakly polar environment that is commonly presented in photoelectric devices.
Impact of Age and Gender on Survival of Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Reihanian Zoheir , Abbaspour Elahe , Zaresharifi Nooshin , Karimzadhagh Sahand , Mahmoudalinejad Maral , Sourati Ainaz , Farzin Mohaya , EslamiKenarsari Habib
Published: November 2024

Background

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) poses a significant health challenge as the most common primary malignancy of the adult central nervous system. Gender‐ and age‐related differences in GBM influence prognosis and treatment complexities. This multicenter retrospective study explores gender and age disparities in GBM patients, investigating their impact on occurrence and survival outcomes.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective study involved GBM patients treated in Guilan Province, Iran. Patients' data, including age, gender, tumor location, and histopathological diagnosis date, was collected from medical records.

Results

In a cohort of 164 GBM patients, the average age was 54.34 ± 14.16 years, with a higher prevalence among men (59.8%) and patients aged ≤ 60 years (64.6%). The tumor sites exhibited overlapping features in 68% of cases, with the frontal and temporal lobes being the most common specific locations. The mean survival was 12.88 ± 14.14 months, one‐year survival of 45%, with women showing significantly higher one‐year survival (60% vs. 40%) and longer mean survival (16.14 ± 17.35 vs. 10.75 ± 11.15 months). Furthermore, Patients ≤ 60 years had significantly higher one‐year survival (75% vs. 35%). In subgroup analysis, women had significantly higher survival rates in patients ≤ 60 years. However, among patients over 60, women exhibited a more pronounced decline in survival rates, with no statistically significant difference between men and women in this age group.

Conclusion

This study highlights that both age and gender significantly affect GBM survival outcomes. Younger patients, particularly women, exhibited better survival rates, while older patients, especially women, showed poorer outcomes. These findings suggest the need to stratify treatment approaches by both age and gender to optimize care and improve survival in GBM patients. Further research is recommended to explore these associations.
Optimizing liquid‐applied iron sulfate rate and application interval for dollar spot suppression on golf course fairways
Authors: Soldat D. J. , Hockemeyer K. , McCall D. S. , Straw C. M. , Koch P. L.
Published: November 2024

Iron sulfate applications reduce dollar spot severity on golf course turfgrass, but further optimizing the use of iron sulfate may increase efficacy and encourage more widespread adoption by golf course superintendents. Three iron sulfate rates (9, 18, 36 kg ha−1), two application intervals (7 and 14 days), three water volumes (306, 612, and 1223 L ha−1), and combinations with fertilizer and fungicide products were evaluated at field locations in Madison, WI, Bloomington, MN, and Blacksburg, VA, in 2018 and 2019. Iron sulfate rate decreased dollar spot at all locations in a dose‐dependent manner, and 7‐day applications were more efficacious than 14‐day applications. Water volume had no impact on disease severity at any location and combining iron sulfate with fertilizer had minimal impact as well. These results demonstrate improved iron sulfate strategies for dollar spot management and can be implemented by golf course superintendents in areas where fungicide resistance and fungicide regulations limit the use of traditional fungicides.
Selective Degradation of Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic Waste Using Iron Salt Photocatalysts
Authors: Jiang. Shusheng , Wang Miao , Huang Yahao , Wen Jinglan , Hu Peng
Published: November 2024

Plastic pollution poses a significant challenge to environmental conservation. Efficient recycling of plastic is a key strategy to address this issue. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), commonly found in plastic bottles, represents a substantial portion of plastic waste. Consequently, the efficient degradation and recycling of PET is crucial for the sustainable development of society. However, the implementation of methods for PET depolymerization and recycling typically necessitates alkaline/acidic pre‐treatment and significant energy input for heating. Here, we propose a gentle, and highly efficient photocatalysis approach for selectively degrading PET plastic waste into terephthalic acid (TPA) in high yield (up to 99 %) using cost‐effective iron salts. Notably, this method achieved excellent selectivity with high TON and TOF values, applying oxygen or air as environmentally friendly oxidants. In addition, the solvent can be recycled without compromising the TPA yield, and large‐scale reactions can be performed smoothly.
Circular Economy and Chemical Conversion for Polyester Wastes
Authors: Cao Jingjing , Qiu Xin , Zhang Fan , Fu Shaohai
Published: November 2024

Polyester waste in the environment threatens public health and environmental ecosystems. Chemical recycling of polyester waste offers a dual solution to ensure resource sustainability and ecological restoration. This minireview highlights the traditional recycling methods and novel recycling strategies of polyester plastics. The conventional strategy includes pyrolysis, carbonation, and solvolysis of polyesters for degradation and recycling. Furthermore, the review delves into exploring emerging technologies including hydrogenolysis, electrocatalysis, photothermal, photoreforming, and enzymatic for upcycling polyesters. It emphasizes the selectivity of products during the polyester conversion process and elucidates conversion pathways. More importantly, the separation and purification of the products, the life cycle assessment, and the economic analysis of the overall recycling process are essential for evaluating the environmental and economic viability of chemical recycling of waste polyester plastics. Finally, the review offers perspective into the future challenges and developments of chemical recycling in the polyester economy.
The Relationship Between Prenatal, Perinatal, and Postnatal Factors and ADHD: The Role of Nutrition, Diet, and Stress
Authors: Al‐Gailani Lubna , Al‐Kaleel Ali
Published: November 2024

Attention‐Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral syndrome affecting children aged 6–17 with symptoms manifesting before age 12. ADHD presents heterogeneously and is associated with various psychiatric disorders. The cause remains elusive, but genetic and environmental factors, brain region maturation delays, and neurotransmitter dysregulation are implicated. Effective treatment requires a multi‐disciplinary approach, primarily involving pharmacological and behavioral intervention. Stimulants like methylphenidate and amphetamines are first‐line medications, but non‐stimulants may be considered for some patients. However, stimulants face challenges related to misuse, dependence, and long‐term tolerability issues. The etiology of ADHD involved genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. Prenatal causes encompass maternal diet, alcohol consumption, viral infections, and stress. Postnatal factors include head trauma, meningitis, toxin, nutritional deficiencies, as well as iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism. The gut microbiome's role in ADHD is emerging, influencing neurodevelopment through microbiota–gut–brain axis. Understanding these diverse etiological factors is essential for comprehensive ADHD management.
Real‐world characteristics and treatment of cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis: A multicentre, observational study
Authors: Nies Richard J. , Ney Svenja , Kindermann Ingrid , Bewarder Yvonne , Zimmer Angela , Knebel Fabian , Hahn Katrin , Spethmann Sebastian , Luedike Peter , Michel Lars , Rassaf Tienush , Papathanasiou Maria , Störk Stefan , Cejka Vladimir , Polzin Amin , Voss Fabian , Kelm Malte , Unsöld Bernhard , Meindl Christine , Paulus Michael , Yilmaz Ali , Chamling Bishwas , Morbach Caroline , Pfister Roman
Published: November 2024

Aims

Data on the clinical profiles of patients with transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM) in the post‐approval era of tafamidis 61 mg are lacking. Study aims were characterization of contemporary ATTR‐CM patients, analysis of potential eligibility for the ‘Transthyretin Amyloidosis Cardiomyopathy Clinical Trial’ (ATTR‐ACT) and identification of factors associated with the decision on tafamidis 61 mg treatment.

Methods and results

This retrospective study analysed ATTR‐CM patients seen at eight University Hospitals in the first year after approval of tafamidis 61 mg for ATTR‐CM in Germany (April 2020 to March 2021). The cohort comprised 366 patients (median age 79 [74; 82] years, 84% male), with 47% and 45% of the cohort being in National Amyloidosis Centre ATTR stage ≥ II and NYHA class ≥ III, respectively. Sixty‐four per cent of patients met key eligibility criteria of the pivotal ATTR‐ACT. In recently diagnosed patients (58% with diagnosis ≤6 months), the rate of variant ATTR was significantly lower than in patients diagnosed more than 6 months ago (9.3% vs. 19.7%). Of the 293 patients without prior ATTR specific treatment, tafamidis 61 mg was newly initiated in 77%. Patients with tafamidis 61 mg treatment were significantly younger, were more often eligible for ATTR‐ACT, had lower NYHA class and higher serum albumin levels. These variables explained 16% of the variance of treatment decision. Unadjusted survival was higher in patients with than those without treatment (1‐year survival 98.6% vs. 87.3%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Wild‐type ATTR was the primary aetiology amongst contemporary ATTR‐CM patients and almost two‐thirds of patients were in an advanced disease stage. Clinical profiles of 64% of patients in routine care matched those of the ATTR‐ACT. Further effort is needed to detect patients at an earlier disease stage and to validate criteria justifying treatment initiation.
Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles in a Water‐in‐Oil Microemulsion Stabilized by Ecosurf EH3 and Determination of Their Electrophoretic Mobility
Authors: Popovetskiy Pavel S. , Petrochenko Sofia A.
Published: November 2024

This work describes a study on the electrophoresis of silver nanoparticles in reverse microemulsions with varying water content. The microemulsion was stabilized using a nonionic ethoxylated surfactant, 2‐ethylhexanol triethoxylate (Ecosurf EH3). This study represents the second example of electrophoresis research conducted in media with a low dielectric constant for etoxylated surfactants. The study also determined the boundaries of thermodynamic stability and the conditions required to obtain nanoparticles with a high yield. The hydrodynamic diameter and electrophoretic mobility of nanoparticles were measured using dynamic light scattering and laser Doppler electrophoresis. The study determined the boundary conditions for applying these methods to laser‐absorbing samples. The electrophoretic mobility of nanoparticles was found to be dependent on the fraction of water in the range of 2–5% vol. (equivalent to a metal content of 10–25 mM), as determined by electrophoresis in a free medium. The increase in volume fraction of water leads to agglomeration of micelles, which causes a decrease in the electrokinetic potential of nanoparticles, likely due to the blurring of the diffuse part of the electrical double layer.
Evaluation of Structural, Thermal, and Electrochemical Properties of PEO/Ionic Liquid Based Quasi‐Solid‐State Electrolytes for Electrical Double Layer Capacitor Devices
Authors: Sachan Sarika , Kruk Danuta , Kumar Anil , Yadav Sushama , Kumar Pramod , Singh Manoj K. , Chaurasia Sujeet Kumar
Published: November 2024

In this paper, quasi‐solid electrolytes (QSEs) “PEO + xwt.% BMIMPF6” for x = 0–20 were prepared by the immobilization of ionic liquid (IL), 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6) to the PEO polymer matrix by solution casting technique. These quasi‐solid electrolytes (QSEs) are in the thin film form of good mechanical integrity. The QSEs are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Attenuated total reflectance Infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)/thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques. XRD/DSC results confirm an increase in the flexibility (and hence polymer chain mobility) with the increasing amount of IL in the QSEs, as confirmed by the analysis of degree of crystallinity (Xc). The maximum room temperature ionic conductivity ~1.32 × 10−5 S. cm−1 is obtained for the 20 wt.% IL (BMIMPF6) added QSEs. The interaction/complexation between the dopant IL‐cation BMIM+ with the ether oxygen (i.e., COC bond of PEO) has been confirmed by FTIR spectroscopic analysis. FESEM results confirm the appearance of crystalline spherical grains (spherulites), whose size decreases with the increasing amount of IL in the membranes and shows overall semicrystalline microstructures. The TGA analysis confirmed that the onset decomposition temperature of the QSEs is found to be ~175°C, which is the sufficient temperature range of operation for the solid‐state electrochemical devices. The electrochemical performances of the QSEs were examined by fabricating the symmetrical electrical double‐layer capacitor (EDLC) device. The fabricated EDLC cell with optimized QSE “PEO + 20 wt.% BMIMPF6” with biomass‐based honeycomb activated carbon (HCAC) electrodes offers specific energy ~5.8 Wh kg−1 at power density ~ 79.9 W kg−1. It also displays excellent cycling stability with 81.3% of the initial specific capacitance after 2500 charge–discharge cycles.
Placement and Power Assignment for Hierarchical UAV Networks Under Hovering Fluctuations in mmWave Communications
Authors: Azarhava Hosein , Abdollahi Mehran Pourmohammad , Musevi Niya Javad
Published: November 2024

In this article, we investigate the successful transmission probability of an aerial cellular network in which an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), as a macrocell base station (UAV‐BS) serves other UAVs as aerial users. The antennas with beamforming capability are mounted on the UAVs, to increase the throughput of the network. The random effects of inner forces such as controlling errors or outer forces like the air conditions, result in the random fluctuations in the hovering UAVs. We assume Rician fading distribution over the links between the UAV‐BS and other UAVs. Then, we calculate the distribution of the corresponding channel gain under hovering fluctuations and we derive the closed form expressions for successful transmission probability for each user. Defining an optimization problem on the average successful transmission probability of the network, we obtain the best placement of UAV‐BS along with the resource allocation. The problem turns out to be a non‐convex problem and time consuming via numerical exhaustive search methods. We obtain a lower bound for the average successful transmission probability and we solve the optimization problem for this lower bound. Maximization problem for the achieved lower bound is equivalent to maximize the main problem. Using some approximations, we convert the problem to a low complex one, then, the problem becomes convex which is solved by KKT conditions and yields the location of UAV‐BS. The theoretical results reveal the influence of fluctuations on the throughput of the network and show that optimizing the lower bound probability achieves the suboptimal solution for power assignment and placement problem, which is verified by simulation results.
Blockchain With Hierarchical Auto‐Associative Polynomial Convolutional Neural Network Fostered Cryptography for Securing Image
Authors: Deepa Priya V. , Sundaram M.
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, the image security is one of the most challenging issues to address the technological age. Security is the primary issue in data management and transmission because of the original data form that is read, abused and destroyed. The cloud companies struggle to secure the file. The cloud security is the major concern in cloud computing context. Numerous researches have been presented so far to protect the cloud environment. But, none of them provides the sufficient security. Therefore, this paper proposes a Blockchain‐based technique for Image Security that combines Hierarchical Auto‐Associative Polynomial Convolutional Neural Network Fostered Cryptography (BC‐SIE‐HAPCNN‐FODCE). The Flickr30k dataset is used to collect the input images. At that point, cryptographic pixel values of picture are kept on blockchain to defend security of picture information. It uses Delegated Proof of Stake Consensus (DT‐DPoS) approach appointed confirmation of stake agreement approach. The performance parameters, like processing time, reaction time, runtime, correlation coefficient analysis, entropy analysis, mean square error, and availability are used to determine the efficacy of the proposed BC‐SIE‐HAPCNN‐FODCE approach. The performance of the proposed technique attains 18.81%, 32.05%, and 22.28% higher correlation coefficient and 25.38%, 20.81%, and 26.04% higher entropy compared with existing methods, such as Multiple Rossler lightweight Logistic sine mapping dependent Federated convolutional method with cyber blockchain in medical image encryption (BC‐SIE‐FCAL‐MRLLSM), color image encryption under Hénon‐zigzag map with chaotic restricted Boltzmann machine over Blockchain (BC‐SIE‐CRBM‐HZM) and blockchain‐assisted safe picture transmission along detection method on Internet of Medical Things Environment (BC‐SIE‐ECC‐DBN), respectively.
Hybrid Optimization With Deep Spiking Equilibrium Neural Network for Software Defined Network Based Congestion Prevention Routing
Authors: Inamdar Sadanand R. , Sadananda L. , Prasad D. Shyam
Published: November 2024

In the Internet of Things (IoT) network, within a period of time it constructs a huge network of millions and billions of things that incorporate with each other, leading to various technical and application problems. Also, on‐time delivery of packets is significant in software‐defined networks. In the current software‐defined network, the bandwidth overhead is not considered when an enormous amount of traffic enters the network; this may lead to network congestion. To overcome this issue, a novel method is proposed to detect network congestion based on hybrid optimization, namely, the Hybrid Gannet with Pelican Optimization (HGPO) algorithm. The node‐level congestions and the link‐level congestions, which means the buffer overflow and the multiple nodes trying to utilize the channel at the same time, must be controlled efficiently. Once the network congestion gets controlled, the shortest route path selection and congestion prevention are performed perfectly with the aid of the proposed Deep Spiking Equilibrium Neural Network (DSENN). A few route discovery frequency vectors, such as the interroute discovery time and route discovery time of each node, are determined to prevent congestion. Finally, it is implemented in the Python platform successfully, and the achieved throughput, delay, packet loss ratio, packet delivery ratio, end‐to‐end delay, and performance measures of the proposed method are 140 Mbit/s, 17 ms, 3.8%, 0.35 s, and 100%, respectively, which outperforms the other compared traditional algorithms.
Degrees of Post‐Silking Water Deficit Alter the Structural, Pasting, and Gelatinization Properties of Waxy Maize Starch
Authors: Yang Huan , Wang Longfei , Guo Jian , Li Guanghao , Lu Dalei
Published: November 2024

Maize starch is an important source of industrial starch in the world, and its production is seriously affected by water deficit. Waxy maize starch is composed of nearly pure amylopectin, which endows with its high economic value. The effects of mild, moderate, and severe drought stresses during grain filling on the structural and functional properties of waxy maize starch were evaluated using two hybrids as materials. In general, the starch granule size enlarged, the branching degree decreased, and amylopectin chain length and relative crystallinity increased when both hybrids suffered post‐silking water deficit in 2 years. Meanwhile, the influence of drought degree on these starch structures depended on the hybrid and year. Peak, breakdown, and setback viscosities gradually decreased with the severity of water shortage, and trough and final viscosities were the lowest under severe drought conditions. Gelatinization enthalpy gradually decreased with the water supply decrease, and gelatinization temperatures showed an opposite trend and were the highest during severe drought. Correlation analysis indicated that the decrease in pasting viscosities and gelatinization enthalpy and the increase in gelatinization peak temperature may be due to the high proportion of low‐molecular‐weight amylopectin, low proportion of DP 25–36 chains and large granule size of starch. Furthermore, drought stress was easily destroyed the starch structure of JKN2000 and the pasting viscosities and gelatinization enthalpy of SYN5. In conclusion, water deficit during grain filling affected the structural and physicochemical properties of waxy maize starch. The lowest pasting viscosities and gelatinization enthalpy and the highest gelatinization temperatures were observed when these plants suffered severe water shortage during grain filling.
High‐Pressure Homogenization of Pomegranate Juice: Impact on Physicochemical, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and In Vitro Bioaccessibility Properties
Authors: Turan Emre , Aslantaş Rafet , Bilgin Jale , Aksu Muhammet Irfan
Published: November 2024

Pomegranate is one of the most popular fruits worldwide, and it is important to maintain the overall quality and bioaccessibility of freshly squeezed pomegranate juices (PJS). The adverse effects of heat treatment on sensory properties and phytochemicals encourage the use of non‐thermal processes in the juice industry. Hereby, the effects of high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) (50, 100, and 150 MPa) on the physicochemical properties, antimicrobial activity, in vitro bioaccessibility, and antioxidant capacity of freshly‐squeezed PJS from different genotypes were investigated. Instrumental color values (L*, a*, and b*) of PJS generally decreased, while pH and aw values increased with HPH processing (p < 0.05). The antimicrobial activity of PJS was not significantly affected by HPH processing (p > 0.05). Sarıcakaya‐1 had higher bioactive constituent content and antioxidant capacity (DPPH‐ARA, ABTS‐ARA, and FRAP) than other genotypes (p < 0.05). Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity of PJS were increased by HPH treatment, whereas total anthocyanin content (TAC) and ascorbic acid content (AAC) were decreased (p < 0.05). Accordingly, HPH treatment enhanced the release of phenolics and antioxidant capacity in PJS, while largely maintaining the presence of heat‐sensitive compounds. Regardless of genotype and HPH treatment, in vitro gastrointestinal digestion adversely affected TPC, TAC, AAC, and antioxidant capacity of all PJS. However, the 150 MPa HPH treatment of Saricakaya‐1 had the highest values for TPC bioaccessibility and recovered ABTS‐ARA after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (p < 0.05). Considering the overall data, 150 MPa HPH treatment can be recommended as an innovative approach to obtain minimally processed PJS to meet new trends in consumer demand.
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (MPNST) With Smooth Muscle Differentiation of the Uterus—A Case Report With Emphasis on Diagnostic Pitfalls and Value of DNA Methylation Analysis
Authors: Cheung Horace M. H. , Liu Anthony P. Y. , Yeung Maximus C. F.
Published: November 2024

With no more than two dozen cases reported in the literature, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare primary mesenchymal neoplasm arising in the female genital tract. Most cases occurred in middle‐aged adults with high grade histology, unfavorable clinical outcome, and no history of neurofibromatosis type 1. Its extreme rarity in this site no doubt poses a diagnostic challenge during routine clinical practice. In the following, we report an additional case of uterine MPNST occurring in a 49‐year‐old Chinese woman, which was initially misdiagnosed as a leiomyosarcoma. The primary tumor showed two distinctive components—a high‐grade poorly differentiated component with markedly pleomorphic spindle cells arranged in a peritheliomatous pattern; and a leiomyosarcoma‐like (LMS‐like) component with tumor cells displaying obvious myoid differentiation. The patient suffered a recurrence less than 2 years later with the recurrent tumor demonstrating similar features to the high‐grade component of the primary tumor. The patient eventually succumbed 46 months later after developing another recurrence despite receiving targeted therapy and chemotherapy. On retrospective molecular analysis, no clinically relevant fusion transcript was detected on RNA sequencing. Interestingly instead, DNA methylation analysis showed the tumor clustered with the “MPNST” group in the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) sarcoma classifier. The tumor was also found to have EED gene homozygous deletion, multiple copy number alterations and loss of H3K27me3 expression in both high‐grade and LMS‐like components. Combining histology with all the ancillary tests results, the diagnosis was most consistent with MPNST. Our case highlights the diagnostic pitfalls for MPNST arising in the female genital tract and the potential clinical utility of DNA methylation analysis.
Pharmacometric Analysis to Describe Pharmacokinetics and Exposure‐Efficacy Response of Ivermectin in Adolescents Infected with Trichuris trichiura
Authors: Ajayi David T. , Orherhe Ochuko M. , Pillai Goonaseelan (Colin) , Mouksassi Samer , Steffens Britta , Bräm Dominic , Sprecher Viviane , Hofmann Daniela , Buettcher Michael , Coulibaly Jean T. , Ali Said M. , Keiser Jennifer , Pfister Marc
Published: November 2024

The efficacy of the combination therapy of albendazole and ivermectin against Trichuris trichiura infection is higher in Tanzania than in Côte d'Ivoire. This study therefore aimed to investigate the difference between the population pharmacokinetics (PK) at these study sites and to determine if an exposure‐response analysis could explain the low efficacy of the combination therapy in Côte d'Ivoire. Twenty‐four participants (aged 12‐19 years) receiving single doses of ivermectin (200 µg/kg) and albendazole (400 mg) were included in the population PK modeling. A regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the reduction of fecal whipworm eggs and different exposure metrics (peak concentration, area under the plasma drug concentration‐time curve [AUC], and time above a certain threshold). The PK profile of ivermectin was best described by a one‐compartment model, first‐order absorption, and no delay in absorption, with the absorption rate constant estimated as 0.26 per h, an apparent volume of distribution of 162.43 L, and an apparent clearance of 7.82 L/h. In Tanzania, all patients showed a very high reduction in egg count independent of exposure. In Côte d'Ivoire, a relationship was found between higher ivermectin exposure and egg reduction, although not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between the PK profiles at both study sites, despite a difference in clinical outcome. Model‐based simulations indicate that higher ivermectin doses such as 400 and 600 µg/kg may be associated with reduced egg count. Larger clinical studies are warranted to explore further the exposure‐efficacy response relationship at 200 µg/kg and higher ivermectin doses in adults and children.
Light–dark cycles improve the 3HV molar fraction in PHBV produced by photoheterotrophic bacteria from odd‐chain fatty acids and cheese whey
Authors: Montiel‐Corona Virginia , Puyol Daniel , Buitrón Germán
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is the most promising biopolymer for replacing petroleum‐derived plastics from polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) copolymers. The mechanical properties of PHBV improve as the content of the 3‐hydroxyvalerate monomer (3HV) increases. However, there is no information about the effect of light/dark cycles on PHA composition produced by phototrophic purple bacteria. This work aimed to improve the molar fraction of 3HV in the PHBV copolymer formed by a mixed phototrophic culture enriched in Rhodopseudomonas palustris, combining the effect of the illumination regime and using odd‐chain fatty acids and cheese whey as carbon sources.

RESULTS

Under continuous lighting, the PHBV concentration (mg L−1) and 3HV molar fraction (%) were 508 ± 25 mg L−1 (1%), 193 ± 10 mg L−1 (22%), 252 ± 10 mg L−1 (1%), and 286 ± 10 mg L−1 (3%) for valerate, propionate, lactate, and fermented cheese whey, respectively. Interestingly, under light/dark cycles, the 3HV molar fraction increased 23‐fold when using valerate (light/dark cycle of 30 min), 12‐fold with lactate, and 1.5‐fold with fermented cheese whey. The PHBV content (% w/w) reached was 20–25%, 14–16%, 12–15%, and 8–12% for valerate, propionate, lactate, and fermented cheese whey, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Combining odd‐chain fatty acids and light–dark cycles was an excellent strategy to improve the 3HV molar fraction in PHBV. This study shows for the first time that the 3HV molar fraction production is positively affected by light/dark cycles using odd‐chain fatty acids. Using light/dark cycles brings a double benefit: improving the molar fraction of 3HV in the polymer and decreasing the illumination‐associated cost. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Old but gold: Is the Judet procedure still a viable option for posttraumatic knee stiffness in 2024? A comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rinaldi Vito Gaetano , Sassoli Iacopo , Fogacci Alberto , Favero Antongiulio , Lullini Giada , Mosca Massimiliano , Morri Mattia , Zaffagnini Stefano , Marcheggiani Muccioli Giulio Maria
Published: November 2024

Background

Posttraumatic extension contracture of the knee (PECK) is common after knee injury. Initial management is conservative to improve the range of motion; if it fails, surgery may be necessary. This systematic review analyses existing literature on Judet quadricepsplasty for PECK. We will assess clinical outcomes, complications, patient satisfaction and factors that may influence its success.

Methods

A search was conducted on 25 November 2023, adhering to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses guidelines. PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar were used. Search strings were ([Judet] OR [quadricepsplasty]) AND (knee) AND (stiffness) and ([Judet] OR [quadricepsplasty]) AND (knee). Inclusion criteria: English articles focused on PECK, published between 2003 and 2023, and a minimum follow‐up of 24 months. Exclusion criteria: case reports, alternative techniques, knee stiffness cases not only due to trauma, a sample size of <10 patients and articles not reporting functional outcomes.

Results

Among selected studies, 239 patients were considered. The average time between injury and Judet was 27 months. The population was predominantly male; the mean follow‐up was 33 months. An average intraoperative knee range of motion improvement of 79.1 degrees (confidence interval 76.9; 81.3) compared to the average preoperative starting value of 30.7 degrees was observed. This improvement decreased by 13.5 degrees at the first postoperative check and by an additional 2.4 degrees at the follow‐up, while maintaining an average value of bending above 90 degrees.

Conclusion

Judet quadricepsplasty appears an effective technique for the management of PECK. The heterogeneity of included studies and the absence of standardized outcome measures limit the ability to draw definitive conclusions.

Level of Evidence

Level III.