bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective Strategies for Development of Tourism Sector: A Critical Review
Authors: Hassan Shazia
Published: August 2021

The tourism sector is gaining increased importance for the economic development of countries around the world. Tourism sector has emerged as an important sector of Indian economy and contributes substantially in the country’s Foreign Exchange Earnings. Tourism is the third largest foreign exchange earner after gems, jeweler and readymade garments and represents vibrant economic sector with overwhelming growth and revenue generation. The purpose of this paper is to give a theoretical overview of the classical and contemporary business strategies that can be implemented in a more or less modified form for the development of tourism sector.
Past and Present Economic Status of West Bengal: A Review
Authors: Ganguly Lopamudra
Published: August 2021

Economic development is the process through which a country transformed from one position to another. Economic progress, therefore, covers almost all aspects of a socio-cultural segment of a country. Various economic parameters influence the growth of the state, West Bengal. Among them, agriculture and industrial development play a crucial role. West Bengal ensures its position as the sixth-largest state economy in India. From agriculture to software, this state makes remarkable progress. The target of this development is people-centric. The focal issue is to give a better living standard to the people.
Impact of Demonetization on Employment in India: Issues and Challenges of Labour Market
Authors: Fatima Nida
Published: August 2021

Demonetization is a conventional practice in monetary policy to embark upon black money. However, it was meant to be suddenly implemented. Long-ago, demonetization has taken place twice but it failed because the idea is to tackle the black money existing in circulation. This wasn’t for tackling corruption that’s what Government is not saying that 100% corruption will be tackled and also if announcement and time would have been given, this step might not have been successful in controlling black money and counterfeit currency in circulation coming from Pakistan, Nepal or other countries. Demonetization is a course of extraction of an exacting form of currency from circulation. The existing form of money has chosen from transmission and retired, to be put back with new notes or coins. The newest demonetization measures taken by the Indian Government on November 8th 2016, in an attempt to hold back corruption and black money has resulted in a massive amount of involuntary consequences. While the key objective following this budge is commendable, the planning and implementation of the scheme left much to be required from a policy point of view. This step has caused rolling impact throughout the economy, departing the most sectors reasonably crippled owing to the unanticipated cash crisis. The labour market in India has been witnessing numerous uncertainties including the problem of world recession, and growing ‘automation’ particularly in the manufacturing sector. More precisely, in the last one and a half decade, India has emerged a global power in terms of the development or diffusion of new technology in the form of ICT. ICT intensity, defined as the ratio of ICT investment to non ICT investment, has increased significantly across industries led to ‘automation’ in most production (and distribution). Its impact on productivity led growth, and direct employment is well documented. However, its negative employment impact, particularly in the ICT using manufacturing sector has largely been ignored. So, in a situation, when the debate, whether the net employment impact of ICT on the economy as a whole is positive, is still un-conclusive; any major policy change like ‘demonetization’ is likely to make the employment scenario further volatile by causing uncertainties to rise in labour market, mainly the informal employment.
Status of Tribal Women in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Karthihai Selvi V. , . Muthupandi
Published: August 2021

In Tamil Nadu, there are six tribal communities according to the Tamil Nadu forest department website, namely, Toda, Kota, Kurumbas, Irulur, Paniyan and Kattunayakan. They are identified as Primitive Tribal Communities. These six tribal groups are natives to the Nilgiris. The members of this community are short, have black skin, and have protruding foreheads. They are hunting and collecting forest produce for their means of living. They usually never mix with other tribal groups. They still follow black magic and sorcery. They speak mixture of Dravidian languages. Kattunayakans are experts in collecting honey. The Paniyas worked as agricultural labourers. The Paniyas have only a crude idea of religion. They worship deity ‘Kali’ and banyan tree. They speak Paniya language, which belongs to the Dravidian family. They used to marry more than one woman provided if they can afford them. Another tribes, Irulas are collecting minor forest products. Some of them are also involved in looking after the cattles of others. They speak Irula, which belongs to the Dravidian family. Irulas are involved in healing practices and they are specialists in traditional herbal medicines. Traditionally, Irulas involved in snake and rat catching. Education and economic empowerment of tribal women can be measured through the power they have over financial resources to earn income and their per capita income, access to education, access and availability of professional opportunities and participation in economic decision making and their access to political opportunities. In Tamil Nadu, nearly 50% of the tribal population are illiterate. Among the literate groups, women constitute more percentage compared to men. This shows the positive turn towards the efforts on tribal women education. But efforts must be taken to make the entire population literate. Hence, it is essential for the central and state governments to concentrate their efforts more towards the illiterate group of the tribal population for ensuring overall development of the economy.
Demographic Influences towards Online Classes: A Correlational Analysis
Authors: Micabalo Kingie G. , Cano Jesszon B. , Navarro June Ace P. , Tan Arsenio Robert N. , Montilla Ryan D.
Published: August 2021

An online teacher needs to give a constant flow of commitment that can serve the progression of unessential data that goes after both time and core interest. The study determines the correlation of demographic profile and its influences on student’s perception towards online classes. The study contrived 313 respondents who are currently enrolled in the College using the snowball inspecting strategy. Frequency and simple percentage, Weighted Mean, Chi-Square Test of Independence, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyzed and interpret the data accumulated. The discoveries uncovered that the understudies slightly perceived online classes in learning diversification, peer interactions, user-friendliness, online course quality, and course design. The investigation also revealed a statistically significant relationship between the respondent's course, family income, and family structure to the level of perception towards online classes. Moreover, there is a statistically significant difference between family income and family structure by its influence on students' perception of online classes. The study concluded that correlational analysis among students explains the demographic factors affecting their concentration on online classes. Family income and structure play a significant role and greatly influences understudies enthusiasm in the College of Business and Accountancy online classes.
A Study on the Attitude of the Hindu and Christian Secondary School Teachers of Malda and Murshidabad Districts, West Bengal, India towards Yoga Education in Schools in Relation to their Mental Health
Authors: Afsar Ali Mohamed
Published: August 2021

This is a study on the attitude of the secondary school teachers towards yoga education in schools in relation to their religious belief and mental health. Stratified purposeful sampling method was used. A significant difference in attitude towards yoga education was observed at 0.01 level between Hindu and Christian secondary school teachers of Malda and Murshidabad districts, West Bengal, India. The Hindu teachers possessing better mental health show better attitude towards yoga education in comparison to their Christian counterpart. The male teachers of government schools from Hindu vs. Christian religious faith show significant difference in attitude towards yoga education than their female counterpart. No significant difference in attitude towards yoga education in schools was observed between the male and female private school teachers of Malda district. However, the reverse is true for Murshidabad district.
OTT as New Platform of Cinema Exhibition: Opportunities and Challenges for Kannada Films
Authors: Vinod Rao N. , Rajeshwari R.
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has affected many areas including cinema exhibitions. Due to non-opening of cinema theatres film makers found the platform that is over-the-top (OTT). Before COVID-19 OTT was not able to compete with theatrical release. However, the pandemic situations changed the way of movie release through OTT platforms such as Netflix, Amazon Prime, Hot-star and others. The usage of OTT increased during the period of lockdown. According to Boston Consulting Group, subscriptions increased 60% and average watching hours increased to 14.5%. In the Kannada film industry, the well-known actor and producer Punith Rajkumar’s two films titled Law and French Biriyani were released on India's second largest OTT platform Amazon Prime during the lockdown period. In this context, this research tried to find prospects of Kannada film exhibition through OTT platform. The specific objectives are to explore the opportunities for releasing Kannada films through OTT, to study the challenges ahead in this way. The study used both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Online surveys conducted with structured questionnaires among 100 OTT users and in-depth interviews conducted among the people who are involved in film making from Kannada film industry to answer the research questions. This study would help filmmakers who are intended to release their film through OOT in future.
Assessment of Social Infrastructure Due to Growth and Development in Roads: A Case Study
Authors: Gayen Joyoti , Sarkar Debashis
Published: August 2021

Rural connectivity is essential for the socio-economic development of rural areas. Various studies reveal that a higher socioeconomic progress is occurring in areas with paved roads for a long time. The linkages are either direct or indirect. It has been observed in this study that places with better transportation systems lead to improved accessibility to education, healthcare and drinking water facilities. It has been found that improved road infrastructure also increases the transport facility which gives better access to healthcare and education. It has been observed that enrolment in secondary/higher secondary schools increases due to access to rural roads.
Relationship between malocclusion and fonoarticulatory disorders
Authors:   Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil, Farret Milton , Jurach Estela , Brandão Leticia , Moraes Dayanna , Brandão Silvia , Santos Simone
Published: August 2021

The authors examined 113 subjects between the ages of 9 and i 4 years, 59 males and 54 females, in the town of Santa Maria, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Dental/ orthodontic assessment revealed that 12 had normal occlusion, and 66 had Class I, 18 had Class II division 1, 7 had Class II division 2, and 10 had Class Ill malocclusions. For the analysis of the speech articulatory disorders, the Yavas, Hernadorena & Lamprecht (1992) adapted test was used. A list of words was selected that had all phonemes of the Portuguese language, in all possible positions in the words. A tape recording was utilized for later analysis of the speech sample and a phonetic transcription of the words was done. Results indicated that the 12 subjects with normal occlusion did not have speech-articulatory disorders; however, there were correlations between malocclusion and articulatory problems. Twenty of the; 13 subjects (17.7%) were identified as having malocclusion and articulatory disorders. This study attempted to define possible relationships between malocclusion and fonoarticulatory disorders.
The interrelationship of wind instrument technic, orthodontic treatment, and orofacial myology
Authors: Green Howard , Green Shari
Published: August 2021

This article identifies, defines and reviews the synergy between orofacial myofunctional and orthodontic health with regard to wind instrument performance, and summarizes the skills involved in playing an instrument. (i.e. embouchure, articulation, breath support.) Criteria and strategies for choosing an instrument are outlined via orthodontic classifications, therapeutic value or contraindication and team approaches. The author concludes that a team-oriented approach on the part of the professions cited in this article are of the ultimate good for the student/patient.
Eficiência de produtos biológicos na coinoculação de sementes de soja
Authors: Korber Luana Patrícia Pinto , Korber Ângelo Henrique Canan , Grange Luciana , Klahold Celestina Alflen
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o potencial uso de produtos biológicos comerciais na coinoculação com Bradyrhizobium japonicum no tratamento de semente da soja. O experimento foi realizado em papel germitest e o cultivo em vasos. Foram realizados sete tratamentos com cinco repetições, sendo: T1 – testemunha, T2 –Bradyrhizobium japonicum, T3 – B. japonicum + Azospirillum brasilense, T4 – B. japonicum + Bacillus subtilis, T5 – B. japonicum + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, T6 – B. japonicum + Bacillus methylotrophicus e T7 – B. japonicum + Bacillus pumilus. As variáveis analisadas foram germinação (G), germinação de plântulas normais (GN), índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), crescimento parte aérea em vaso (CAV) e papel germitest (CAG), de raíz em vaso (CRV) e papel germitest (CRG). Os dados foram submetidos a análise dos pressupostos e determinados a partir do teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade e realização da análise de componentes principais (ACP). A coinoculação de B. japonicum + A. brasilense promoveu ganhos de enraizamento e germinação em plântulas de soja. A coinoculação com B. pumilus apresentou potencial de efeito semelhante a associação de B. japonicum + A. brasilense. A associação com B. methylotrophicus apresentou melhor enraizamento em vaso (CRV) que os demais tratamentos. O uso de BPCP’s em associação com B. japonicum potencializa o desenvolvimento inicial da plântula.
Right to a domain name (Part 2)
Authors: Siamionava Т.
Published: August 2021

The author substantiated a new model of the right to a domain name, proceeding from the established legal nature and essence of this right. It is proposed to endow the owner of the domain name with a property right of an absolute nature, which is limited in the event of full or partial coincidence with the trademark, service mark or company name, by the term and conditions of the agreement with the registrar.
Interbational legal categories “childhood” and “child” as the basic of their further development and development in the constitutional legal relations of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Ashytka V. , Ashytka M.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the problems in the conceptual apparatus for disclosing the participation of minors in legal relations that arise in the process of implementing the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus. Analysis of issues relating to the consolidation of the rights of the child in Belarusian legislation and in international legal instruments in view of the fact that the legal status of children because of special status of a child reflecting the characteristics of the bearer. The classification of the age of periodization in various fields of scientific and social activity was considered as well as the specificity of the constitutional and legal status of the child, which is based on the age limit between adulthood and adolescence. The study is based of the use of normative material, the main one being the method of comparative analysis. The difficulties of developing and applying unified terminology and selecting the boundaries of childhood in regulating the totality of social relations with participation of the child as a subject of Constitutional law are shown.
Innhold
Authors: - -
Published: August 2021

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The Briny South: Transoceanic Subalternities at the Intersection of Global South and Ocean Studies
Authors: Boer Nienke
Published: August 2021

Both Global South studies and Ocean studies emerged as ways of investigating an increasingly global, transnational literary terrain that is no longer tied to nation-states or continental area studies formations. These fields usefully complement each other: Ocean studies stresses the importance of tracing networks of connection into the past, so that a historical Global South comes into view, while the concrete political and ethical solidarities at the heart of the Global South paradigm focuses Ocean studies on subaltern oceanic figures. This article defines the briny South, the intersection between Global South studies and Ocean studies, as the study of transoceanic networks of subaltern connection. After briefly touching on existing scholarship exemplifying the potential of the briny South, I turn to briny South networks of slavery and indenture in the Indian Ocean, both in historical sources and contemporary works of fiction. A briny South approach, I argue, combines the historical breadth and environmental focus of Ocean studies with the political and ethical drive toward understanding the subaltern experience of globalization that marks Global South studies.
Out of the Yellow/Black Peril Discourse: Humanizing China–Africa Relations in Mukuka Chipanta's A Casualty of Power
Authors: Shi Flair Donglai
Published: August 2021

As African communities start to assert a more visible presence in Chinese cities and vice versa, highly racialized discourses have appeared online with regards to a new Yellow Peril in Africa and correspondingly, an unprecedented Black Peril in China. On one hand, such malicious sentiments manifest in unofficial realms that stand in stark contrast with the official rhetoric of South–South Cooperation championed by the Chinese and African states. On the other hand, cultural production, especially fictional narratives, has emerged as another unofficial realm that seeks to humanize China–Africa relations from different angles. This article focuses on Mukuka Chipanta's A Casualty of Power, a novel with a unique focus on Chinese involvement in Zambia's mining industry. Based on contemporary incidents of interracial conflicts between African mine workers and their Chinese supervisors, the novel offers a multiplicity of critical perspectives and background stories concerning the role of Chinese migrants in Zambian society. Engaging China–Africa cultural production with the conceptual framework of the Global South, I point out the novel's achievements as well as limits in its humanization efforts and argue that these limits demonstrate the need to break away from narrow definitions of “the Global South Novel” determined by value positions.
Common mucocutaneous manifestations of patients with End Stage Renal Disease: A comprehensive review study
Authors: Mirahmadi Seyed-Mohamad-Sadegh , Anaraki Kimia Saleh , Goodarzi Azadeh
Published: August 2021

One of the notable points in ESRD patients is the multiplicity of skin manifestations which can include a wide range. It can also affect the living standards of patients due to its many types and severity. Careful study, as well as intense follow-up of these manifestations, can help physicians in timely diagnosis and their control or treatment. In this study, we tried to study the common mucocutaneous manifestations that occur in these patients. All references can be searched from PubMed. Sources of this study have been studied for clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and treatment of skin manifestations in ESRD patients. In this study, xerosis, pruritus, pigmentation disorders, half and half nails, perforating disorder, and skin infections as well as appendageal disorders (hair and nail) in ESRD patients have been studied. These can be associated with other diseases and increase by disease severity. For better results and more help to patients with this disease, it seems that more and more comprehensive studies are needed. Key words: End stage renal disease, ESRD, mucucutaneous, skin, dermatology, xerosis, pigmentation disorders, infection, perforating disorder, half and half nails
Lamivudine associated hair repigmentation and a comprehensive review on reversal canities
Authors: Ghassemi Mohammadreza , Behrangi Elham , Roohaninasab Masoumeh , Sadeghzadeh-B. Afsaneh , Najar N. Niloufar , Hasannejad Habib , Goodarzi Azadeh
Published: August 2021

Background and Objective: Hair whitening is among important cosmetic problems in both genders but more annoying between women which necessitates more research about hair repigmenting methods or probable therapeutic drugs. The objective of this research was to review the mechanisms of hair pigmentation as well as the drug-related hair repigmentation. Methods: In this review article, we searched PubMed, Medline and Google scholar databases and reviewed all related articles in this area (hair repigmentation) since the reversal of canities has been an important cosmetic concern many years ago. Results: No reports of changes of hair color have been identified with lamivudine in the present research. Herein can be reported as the first case of hair repigmentation following the use of lamivudine. Conclusion: We reported a case of hair pigmentation with lamivudine for the first time that could be a desirable drug-induced side effect, also review all related articles about hair repigmention or reversal of canities. By research on probable mechanisms of drug-induced hair repigmentation, we may achieve a therapeutic strategy of hair graying as an important and highly prevalent cosmetic concern. Keywords: Lamivudine; hair repigmentation; reversal canities; drug-induced, review
Evaluation of Relationship between Serum Ferritin Level and Cardiac Complications in Thalassemia Patients in Pasteur Hospital of Bam City in 2018
Authors: Mohammadi Mahshid Malek , Ghasemi Masoumeh , Arab Mansour , Najafi Kazem , Shakeri Ahmad , Yazdan P. Fatemeh
Published: August 2021

Introduction and objective: Cardiac complications are the most common cause of mortality in beta thalassemia patients. Hence, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the relationship between serum ferritin level and cardiac complications in Thalassemia patients at Specific Diseases Center in Bam city in 2018. Methodology: This is a descriptive-analytical study. Fifty-five patients with thalassemia major in Bam city were selected using a convenient sampling method. They were examined in terms of the prevalence of cardiac complications and their relationship with serum ferritin level was evaluated using SPSS 23 software and descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The significance level was considered p-value< 0.05 in this study. Results: The mean age of the patients was 17.84 ± 6.72. The mean serum ferritin level was 3674.07 ± 2192.21 mg / dl. Only 3 out of 29 patients (5.8%) had an ejection fraction (EF) reduction in echocardiography. In other echocardiographic studies, 13.7% of patients had MILD MR Heart valve dysfunction and 3.9% had MILD TR heart valve dysfunction and 1 person (1.9%) had both dysfunctions simultaneously. Moreover, 13 patients (25.5%) had diastolic cardiac dysfunction. There was no statistically significant relationship between the serum ferritin level of the studied people and echocardiographic findings (p-value <0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of this study and other studies, serum ferritin may not be relied as a definitive indicator for the evaluation of cardiac function. However, it is recommended that the importance of iron removal to be considered in patients’ training programs and different indicators to be used to evaluate the cardiac complications as the most important complication in thalassemia patients. Keywords: Thalassemia, Ferritin, Cardiac complications
Evaluation of Frailty Elderly Syndrome, General Health and Cognitive Disorders in the Elderly and Their Relationship with Demographic Factors and Underlying Diseases
Authors: Taghinejad Hamid , Kikhavani Sattar , Nejad Sara Mohammad , Sohrabi Nafiseh
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Due to the vulnerability of the elderly in the community and the increase in their population and the problems occurring due to aging in the elderly, the present study aimed to investigate the frailty elderly syndrome, general health and cognitive disorders in the elderly in Ilam in 2020. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 267 elderly referring to teaching hospitals in Ilam. Data collection tools were GHQ-28, MMSE and Edmonton questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.24 statistical software using independent t-test, chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, one-way and two-way analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and linear regression. Results: The mean ± standard deviation of the overall score of general health, frailty elderly syndrome and cognitive disorders in the studied elderly were 44.38±13.43, 9.29±2.98 and 23.40±6.49, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between cognitive disorders with age, marital status, education and underlying diseases and also between frailty elderly syndrome with age, marital status, place of residence, gender, education, type of insurance and some underlying diseases (P <0.001). There was a significant relationship between general health of the elderly and pulmonary disease (P = 0.03). Conclusion: The general health of the elderly was low so that most of the elderly suffered from mild symptoms, the greatest effect was related to depression and then anxiety (psychological dimension). Regarding cognitive disorders, a large number of patients did not have any pathological disorders. The rate of frailty elderly syndrome was high in the study population. Keywords: frailty elderly syndrome, Cognitive disorders, General health
Validation of a social-cognitive theory-based tool for measuring factors influencing obesity prevention behaviors in 4-6 years old children using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)
Authors: Seraji Maryam , Zahmatkeshan Maryam , Abadi Victoria Momen , Nejadsadeghi Elham
Published: August 2021

Background: Child obesity is one of the main health problems all across the world, which leads to mental and physical health problems. Various models are used in designing intervention to prevent child obesity, one of which is social-cognitive theory (SCT). The constructs of social-cognitive theory are commonly used for designing preventive interventions. However, there is no specific tool based on the constructs of social-cognitive theory to assess the factors associated with child obesity. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and confirmatory factor analysis of a SCT-based questionnaire for assessing obesity preventing behaviors among 4-6 years old children. Method: A cross-sectional study was first conducted in 2016 on 240 preschool children aged 4-6 years in Behbahan city (a city in southwest Iran) to assess the obesity prevention behaviors among them using a SCT-based questionnaire. To investigate the validity and confirmatory factor analysis of the SCT-based questionnaire, content and face validity as well as forward-backward translation method were used. Reliability of the questionnaire was also measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was assured by confirmatory factor analysis. To measure the obesity prevention behaviors in 4-6 years old children, the construct of SCT, including environment, emotional coping, outcome expectations, goal setting and self-efficacy were used. Also, the obesity prevention behaviors used in the model included physical activity, consumption of fruit and vegetable, consumption of sugar-free drinks, and screen. Results: Results of this study confirmed the acceptable content and face validity of the SCT-based questionnaire. The results of confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the factor loading of more than 0.3 for all variables; therefore, the SCT-based questionnaire had an acceptable validity and reliability. Conclusions: Since the SCT-based questionnaire had an acceptable validity and reliability, it can be used to assess the obesity prevention behaviors in 4-6 year old children, and also to design relevant educational interventions. Keywords: Validation, Social-Cognitive Theory, Behavior, Childhood obesity, Preschool, Prevention
Presentation of varicella zoster virus infection with bladder mass and gross hematuria
Authors: Asadi Mosa , Fattahi Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION Varicella zoster virus reactivation can cause localized, painfull and vesicular rashes that usually involves unilateral neural dermatomes. The most important risk factors for the incidence of herpes zoster ,are immunosuppression and age increasing. some studies defined the incidence of herpes zoster as 3.4 cases per 1,000 persons per year in the United Kingdom (1). The epidemiology of herpes zoster is affected by host factors that lead to the reactivation of latent virus. The incidence of herpes zoster increases with advancing age. Most cases of herpes zoster occur in patients who are more than 45 years old. More than 10 cases of herpes zoster per 1,000 persons per year are diagnosed in 75 years (2). Herpes zoster is also more common in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs, malignant diseases, human immunodeficiency virus infection or in patients with organ transplants .(3, 4, 5, 6,7).
Construction of ball spaces and the notion of continuity
Authors: Bartsch René , Kuhlmann Katarzyna , Kuhlmann Franz-Viktor
Published: August 2021

Spherically complete ball spaces provide a simple framework for the encoding of completeness properties of various spaces and ordered structures. This allows to prove generic versions of theorems that work with these completeness properties, such as fixed point theorems and related results. For the purpose of applying the generic theorems, it is important to have methods for the construction of new spherically complete ball spaces from existing ones. Given various ball spaces on the same underlying set, we discuss the construction of new ball spaces through set theoretic operations on the balls. A definition of continuity for functions on ball spaces leads to the notion of quotient spaces. Further, we show the existence of products and coproducts and use this to derive a topological category associated with ball spaces.
Shared learning objectives in interdisciplinary projects: Game design in a Sino-Scandinavian context
Authors: Engström Henrik , Lyu Ruimin , Backlund Per , Toftedahl Marcus , Rosendahl Ehmsen Palle
Published: August 2021

The learning goals of project-based courses are typically specific for each involved discipline. Game development is deeply interdisciplinary and some of its core principles are shared across disciplines, from art to programming. This article presents a project-based approach where students majoring in arts and students majoring in technology share learning objectives. The course has been developed in a Sino-Scandinavian collaboration. Experiences from well-established Scandinavian game development programmes have been transferred to a Chinese university context.
This article presents an explorative mixed method evaluation of this course. The research design had two phases with an initial qualitative analysis resulting in a set of observations that were tested in the second, quantitative phase. A total of 34 students from a range of disciplines participated in a two week course. The quantitative analysis shows that art (n=13) and technology (n=14) students' reported very similar experiences and similar insights into core learning objectives. This study shows that deeply interdisciplinary project-based courses, with shared learning objectives can successfully be conducted even in a context with no prior experience of such approaches.
Reading to Be: The role of academic reading in emergent academic and professional student identities
Authors: Maguire Moira , Reynolds Ann Everitt , Delahunt Brid
Published: August 2021

Despite the widespread acknowledgement of the importance of academic reading, much research tends to focus on academic writing. The role of academic writing in the development of academic and professional identities is generally accepted. In contrast, the role of academic reading has been less visible in the literature, and when discussed, it tends to be conceptualised as a generic skill.
In this paper, we explore the role of reading in emergent academic identities in undergraduates. We reflect on research with our own Nursing and Midwifery students that highlighted the role of reading in the development of ‘writing capital.’ Drawing on this and wider evidence we explore how, through academic reading, students begin to recognise, and then participate in the scholarly conversations that construct knowledge within disciplines. We argue that academic reading, like academic writing, is a complex ongoing process that involves multiple transitions, rather than a skill that can, and should, be mastered early on. We contend that educators need to consider how and where academic reading is addressed within academic programmes. Moreover, we suggest ways to make room for it within our curricula and engage students in conversations about the nature of scholarship within their disciplines.
Can the reading load be engaging? Connecting the instrumental, critical and aesthetic in academic reading for student learning
Authors: Nguyen Ha Thi Thu , Henderson Ariana
Published: August 2021

Learning an academic discipline requires at a fundamental level reading of knowledge that has been recorded, debated and developed in writing over time. Given the essential role of reading in shaping knowledge, there needs to be more emphasis on approaches that nurture an engaged reading practice. This article explores the role of instrumental, critical and aesthetic reading stances in engaging students in academic reading at university and the extent to which connecting these reading stances can enhance student learning through academic reading. Using this dynamic view of reading, the article examines insights and evidence from recent research to investigate the connection between these reading stances and student learning. The studies analysed indicate elements of instrumental, critical and aesthetic reading in approaches that effectively engage learners in academic reading. These ways of reading are linked to enhanced learning in terms of individual reflexivity, disciplinary participation, social perspective and global awareness. An analysis of the studies investigated advocates for using a variety of text types, giving students choice of texts, explicitly teaching dynamic reading skills, providing opportunities for social reading practices and implementing process-based assessments for learning. These practices can lighten the academic reading load by enhancing engagement and learning of disciplinary knowledge.
Enablers and barriers of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of an online university course
Authors: Kara Nuri
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 has affected university students’ learning experiences on a great scale. The aim of this study was to understand the enablers and barriers to the effectiveness of online learning in a university course during the COVID-19 pandemic, using a qualitative case study approach. Participants were 44 first-year university students enrolled in a digital game history and analysis course at a private university. Structured and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data, which were then organized and transcribed into full text. Inductive data analysis was applied with content analysis. The researcher used axial coding to compose themes by considering the commonalities among codes created. Five main themes emerged, namely online content, online assignments, online assessment, instructor behavior and practices, and psychological issues. Based on the findings, taking online courses at home and joining online classes from home positively affected students’ mood during the lockdown. On the other hand, students declared feeling pressure due to many online courses. All themes and codes are reported in detail together with direct quotations from students.
The impacts of supervisor – PhD student relationships on PhD students’ satisfaction: A case study of Vietnamese universities
Authors: Le Mai , Pham Long , Kim Kioh , Bui Nhuong
Published: August 2021

This study focuses on investigating impact of supervisor – PhD student relationship on PhD students’ satisfaction with their supervisors’ supervisory styles and their skill development. A survey was conducted among 430 respondents who both finished or were doing their doctoral study at universities in Northern, Central and Southern cities in Vietnam in social science, economics and business management majors. Findings revealed that the leadership, helping, understanding and responsibility relationship between supervisors and PhD students were positively associated with PhD students’ satisfaction with supervisors’ supervisory style while the uncertain, dissatisfied and admonishing types of relationships were negatively associated with PhD students’ satisfaction. The strict relationship did not negatively affect PhD students’ satisfaction with their supervisors’ supervisory styles. Furthermore, PhD students’ satisfaction with their supervisors’ supervisory styles positively influenced their satisfaction with academic skill development during their PhD candidature. Implications and future research directions were then discussed.
Using design thinking as an approach to creative and communicative engagement in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom
Authors: Cleminson Tim , Cowie Neil
Published: August 2021

Design thinking (DT) could provide a viable method to develop 21st-century skills in English as Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms; however, its potential is not clearly understood. To explore this potential, two Japanese university teachers developed a DT course in which students built a creativity measure and wrote academic reflections. Student work displayed creative thinking, insight, and language play. Survey data revealed correlations between DT, student enjoyment, confidence communicating, and thinking flexibly. In conclusion, DT can facilitate collaborative engagement and creative thinking, however, time to develop on-task communication and a focused approach to report writing may be necessary to support understanding and communicative competence.
Sharing the construction of assessment rubrics with students: A Model for collaborative rubric construction
Authors: Morton Jason , Northcote Maria , Kilgour Peter , Jackson Wendy
Published: August 2021

Traditionally, rubrics were used simply as grading tools to provide marking frameworks that were transparent to students. More recently, rubrics have been promoted as educational tools to inform students of good practice with the assumption that they engage with these rubrics to guide their learning. However, some tensions arise from this approach, including the assumption that students actually engage with assessment rubrics and, most notably, whether students understand the purpose of rubrics and the language used within. In response, this paper promotes the practice of teachers involving their students in the co-construction of rubrics by presenting a Model of Collaborative Rubric Construction. This Model was informed by an extensive literature review, advice from international assessment experts, and both qualitative and quantitative data from students and teachers who worked in partnership to co-construct and use assessment rubrics across three higher education institutions. The Model, structured as three-tiers, offers background information about rubrics and their co-construction, strategies to guide collaboration in the rubric co-construction process, and shared scholarship associated with the project (i.e., research methods, recommendations for practice, and relevant references and publications) in which the Model was developed.
Persepsi Siswa Terhadap Pembelajaran Daring Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan
Authors: Haryanto Helmi Yudha , Arif Saifulloh
Published: August 2021

In this study, the background is the difference in perceptions of students of SMK Negeri 10 Semarang in learning the subjects of Physical Education, Sports and Health (PJOK). So that it can be seen that the purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of students, with the hope that it can be used as a reference in providing learning methods in the next academic year. The number of samples used was 112 students using the simple random sampling technique. The conclusion from this study was that the perceptions of students of SMK Negeri 10 Semarang had a positive perception of learning PJOK subjects that could be categorized as good with an average percentage of 83.7%. This can be used as a reference in providing future learning techniques to use the same method so that students can understand the material well and are motivated to follow PJOK subjects and students do not experience boredom in the process of teaching and learning activities.
Effect of Regional Cooperation on Efficiency of Medical Care Delivery in Secondary Medical Areas of Japan
Authors: Watanabe Hajime , Suzuki Asuka , Nakata Yoshinori
Published: August 2021

The Japanese population is aging and requires regional health facilities to cooperate to use medical resources efficiently. This study evaluated the impact of regional cooperation on the efficiency of medical care delivery in secondary medical areas. The discharge adjustment implementation rate of each secondary medical area was used as a proxy for regional cooperation. The study data were obtained from publicly available sources. The efficiency scores of secondary medical areas were calculated using the input-oriented Banker–Charnes–Cooper model for Data Envelopment Analysis. The inputs used were the number of general beds and the average length of hospital stay for each secondary medical area. The outputs used were the number of discharged patients and inpatient medical expenses per person. In addition, the relationship between discharge adjustment implementation rates and efficiency scores were assessed using tobit multiple regression analysis. The models were adjusted for the 7 variables. Ten secondary medical areas had an efficiency score of 1.00 (i.e., highest efficiency). Tobit regression analysis was performed on the 340 secondary medical areas for which efficiency scores were obtained. The discharge adjustment implementation rates and efficiency scores were significantly positively correlated (p = 0.032). While studies that quantitatively evaluate regional cooperation and efficiency are limited, these findings suggest that implementing regional cooperation may improve the efficiency of medical care delivery in secondary medical areas.
2021/13 Equal Treatment Authority’s decision does not bind the court (HU)
Authors: Olah Zsofia
Published: August 2021

2021/13 Equal Treatment Authority’s decision does not bind the court (HU)

This case involved an employee who claimed that her two consecutive employers breached the principle of equal treatment during their employment relationships in relation to her belonging to the Roma minority. The employee built her case on the decision of the Equal Treatment Authority, which declared that her employers discriminated against her. The Curia (the highest judicial authority in Hungary) found that the decision of another authority has no binding effect on a court according to Act III of 1952 on Civil Procedure and that in cases concerning equal treatment, the burden of proof lies on the defendant (employer) to prove that there is no link between the disadvantage suffered by the plaintiff (employee) and her protected characteristic. The Curia and regional courts also found that the employer fulfils this obligation if it successfully proves that it assessed the applicant’s qualifications, professional suitability and attitude towards work when it decided on the question of whom to employ.
2021/17 The Court of Appeal clarifies the Irish position on dismissal of an employee during the probation period (IR)
Authors: O’Leary Orla , Ryan Laura
Published: August 2021

2021/17 The Court of Appeal clarifies the Irish position on dismissal of an employee during the probation period (IR)

The Court of Appeal has overturned a High Court decision which granted injunctive relief to prevent the defendant from removing the plaintiff from his position as chief financial officer during his probationary period.
Analyzing the Possible Changes in America-Russia Relations within Indo-Pacific Strategy
Authors: Tsogtsaikhan Buyantsogtoo , Odkhuu Urjin
Published: August 2021

The Indo-Pacific Strategy to contain China has started officially in Trump era since 2018. It is now even more accelerated during the Biden administration. This research work has done an analysis on a change of US and Russia`s relations within the strategy based on theory of realism, geopolitics, and strategic studies. The researcher has concluded that to make alliance with the Russian Federation to conduct the strategy successfully is an inevitable choice for the US, and now some positive signs of the cooperation between two great powers are already being observed. Investigating these major events which have a potential to change world order and predicting possible scenarios are important for Mongolia in shaping the right direction for the country’s grand strategy.
 
Энэтхэг-Номхон далайн стратегийн хүрээнд Америк-Оросын харилцаанд гарч болзошгүй өөрчлөлтийг шинжлэх нь
Хураангуй: Хятадыг “хайрцаглах” зорилготой Энэтхэг-Номхон далайн стратеги нь Д.Трампын үед 2018 оноос албан ёсоор зарлагдсан бөгөөд Ж.Байдены засаглалын үед улам идэвхжин хэрэгжиж байна. Энэхүү судалгаагаар мөнхүү стратегийн хүрээнд Америк-Оросын харилцаанд орж болзошгүй өөрчлөлтийн талаар олон улсын харилцааны реализмын онол, геополитик, стратеги судлалын онолд тулгуурлан шинжилгээ хийлээ. Энэтхэг-Номхон далайн стратегийг амжилттай хэрэгжүүлэхийн тулд АНУ-ын хувьд Оростой холбоотны харилцаа үүсгэх нь гарцаагүй сонголт байх ба сүүлийн үед хоёр улсын хамтын ажиллагаанд зарим нааштай шинж тэмдэг илэрч байна гэж дүгнэлээ. Дэлхийн дэг журамд өөрчлөлт оруулахуйц томоохон цараатай энэ үйл явцад зөв дүн шинжилгээ хийж, зохих хувилбаруудыг тооцоолж байх нь Монгол улсын төрийн стратегийн чиг баримжааг зөв гаргахад зохистой нөлөө үзүүлэх ач холбогдолтой юм.
Түлхүүр үгс: Энэтхэг-Номхон далайн стратеги, АНУ ба Хятадын харилцаа, АНУ ба Оросын харилцаа, Орос ба Хятадын харилцаа, “Хайрцаглах”, Дөрвөл