bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЗМЕНШЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ АВАРІЙНИХ РОЗЛИВІВ НАФТИ НА ВНУТРІШНІ ВОДНІ ШЛЯХИ: СТРАТЕГІЇ ЛОКАЛІЗАЦІЇ ТА ЛІКВІДАЦІЇ ЗАБРУДНЕНЬ
Authors: Головань Андрій Ігорович , Гончарук Ірина Петрівна
Published: January 2025

Аварійні розливи нафти та нафтопродуктів на внутрішніх водних шляхах становлять значну екологічну загрозу через їхній довготривалий вплив на довкілля та складність ліквідації. У статті розглядаються основні причини та наслідки таких аварій, включаючи технічні збої, людський фактор та недостатню оперативність реагування. Проведено аналіз сучасних методів оцінки ступеня забруднення водних об’єктів, впливу фізико-хімічних властивостей нафти на екосистему та особливостей поширення нафтових плям у річкових умовах. Особлива увага приділена сучасним технологіям локалізації та ліквідації забруднень, зокрема використанню інноваційних сорбентів, механічних бар’єрів, біологічних методів та математичних моделей для прогнозування поширення нафти. Запропоновано алгоритм оперативного реагування на аварії, який базується на інтеграції новітніх IT-рішень для моніторингу та управління процесами ліквідації. Крім того, досліджено оптимізацію логістичних операцій для швидкого транспортування необхідного обладнання до місця аварії. Результати роботи демонструють ефективність впровадження інноваційних підходів до оцінки і ліквідації наслідків аварійних розливів, спрямованих на мінімізацію екологічної шкоди та підвищення рівня екологічної безпеки. Отримані висновки можуть стати основою для вдосконалення існуючих нормативно-правових документів і стратегій у сфері управління ризиками на внутрішніх водних шляхах. Стаття орієнтована на науковців, екологів, інженерів і спеціалістів у сфері водного транспорту.
Ключові слова: аварійні розливи нафти, внутрішні водні шляхи, екологічна безпека, локалізація забруднень, ліквідація наслідків, математичне моделювання, інноваційні технології, сорбенти, логістика, IT-рішення.
ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЇ ПРОЦЕСІВ ЗНЕЗАРАЖЕННЯ І ОЧИЩЕННЯ ВОДНОГО БАЛАСТУ СУДЕН
Authors: Залож Віталій Іванович , Тірон-Воробйова Наталія Борисівна , Данилян Анатолій Григорович
Published: January 2025

Анотація.представлено інноваційну технологію знезараження та очищення водного баласту суден відповідно до вимог Правила D-2 Міжнародної морської організації. В межах виконання державного наукового проєкту No0124U004399, що фінансується Міністерством освіти і науки України, науковим колективом Дунайського інституту Національного університету "Одеська морська академія" розроблено та апробовано інноваційну технологію обробки суднових баластних вод. У галузі сучасного мореплавства баластна вода виступає ключовим фактором підтримки стабільності та безпеки експлуатації суден. Проте наявність у ній численних морських організмів спричиняє серйозні виклики, що мають багатовимірний характер –від загроз екологічній рівновазі до економічних збитків та ризиків санітарно-епідеміологічного характеру. Переміщення баластних вод між різними географічними локаціями зумовлює інвазію нехарактерних мікроорганізмів у нові екосистеми. Це явище несе потенційну загрозу деструкції локальної біоти та може спровокувати суттєві економічні втрати для приморських регіонів. Створена експериментальна установка реалізує комплексний підхід до очищення баластних вод шляхом послідовного застосування хімічних, іонізаційних та механічних методів обробки. Ключовим завданням також є створення автоматизованої системи керування експериментальним устаткуванням для обробки баластних вод морського походження. Система має забезпечувати прецизійний моніторинг технологічних параметрів та оптимізувати проведення лабораторних випробувань, підвищуючи їх результативність. Розроблена багатофункціональна система управління водним баластом призначена для великотоннажних морських суден та повністю відповідає вимогам Правила D-2. Експериментальні дослідження підтвердили високу ефективність запропонованої технології у знищенні патогенних мікроорганізмів та очищенні баластних вод, що документально підтверджено результатами лабораторних випробувань. Наразі система проходить процедуру типового схвалення та сертифікації відповідно до міжнародних стандартів.
Ключові слова: баластна вода, морські судна, знезараження, очистка, інвазійні види, система керування.
Ocular Manifestations of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV after Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: Clinical Use of CD8+ T cell
Authors: Kim Jae Hyun , Cho Myung Ho , Ban Ji Hoon , Lee Sun Hee , Lee Jong Soo
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To investigate ocular manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV patients after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and its relationship to T cell immunity.Methods: HIV patients with ocular IRIS after HAART were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical presentations with previous opportunistic infection, duration from initiation of HAART to IRIS, blood CD4+, CD8+ T cell count, and HIV RNA copies before HAART and at IRIS were analyzed.Results: Among 19 patients (27 eyes) included, the most common previous opportunistic infection was cytomegalovirus (17 patients, 89.5%) followed by tuberculosis choroiditis (2 patients, 10.5%). The clinical manifestations included vitritis (20 eyes, 74.0%), retinitis (14 eyes, 51.9%), and anterior uveitis (5 eyes, 18.5%). The median duration from initiation of HAART to IRIS was 70 days. CD4+ T cell count before HAART increased at IRIS (p < 0.001). CD8+ T cell count before HAART was negatively correlated with duration from HAART to IRIS (p < 0.001). The cutoff value of CD8+ T cell count for discerning early or late onset of ocular IRIS was 258/mm3 (p = 0.001). When divided into two groups by CD8+ T cell count of 258/mm3, 90% patients with CD8+ T cell count higher than 258/mm3 before HAART developed ocular IRIS within 70 days.Conclusions: There was a negative relationship between CD8+ T cell count before HAART and duration from HAART to ocular IRIS. Ocular IRIS with higher CD8+ T cell count before HAART developed earlier after HAART initiation compared to those with lower CD8+ T cell count.
PKM Kelas PPA Pelatihan Terapi Self Problematic: Ketahanan Psikis Industri Jasa di Kota Sorong
Authors: Gani Mardhiah , Ahistasari Asih , Rachmadhani Mirga Maulana , Masniar Masniar , Irnawati Irnawati
Published: January 2025

Perkembangan teknologi industri dan informasi membawa banyak perubahan yang berdampak terhadap kesehatan mental manusia, yang dimulai dari munculnya berbagai macam masalah disegala bidang. Masalah adalah adanya kesenjangan antara keinginan, harapan, dan ekspektasi manusia dengan kenyataan hidup yang terjadi, membuat manusia mengeluh, cemas, takut, sedih dan marah dalam menjalani hidup. Hal ini biasa disebut Self Problematic, yang apabila masalah ini tidak diselesaikan, maka akan berpengaruh pada kondisi psikis/mental dan fisik manusia. Ketika kondisi psikis dan fisik manusia bermasalah, maka akan berpengaruh pada produktivitas. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pelatihan mengenal konsep masalah dan terapi untuk berdamai dengan masalah serta menerapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dengan pendekatan spiritual dan Tauhid. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya pemahaman terhadap masalah yang dihadapi sebagai sesuatu yang harus diterima, yang merupakan bentuk kasih sayang Allah Swt kepada manusia. Selain itu dalam pelatihan ini terdapat pola-pola penyelesaian masalah yang jika pola ini diterapkan secara konsisten. Beberapa Testimoni peserta merasakan ketenangan yang berdampak positif terhadap ketahanan psikis atau mental peserta, sehingga lebih produktif dan siap bersaing di era revolusi industri 4.0.
DESIGN TO IMPRESS: CREATING STUNNING LANDING PAGES WITH THE POWER OF HTML AND CSS
Authors: Fajar Rahardika Bahari Putra  , Muhammad Rizki Setyawan  , Muzakkir Pangri  , Muhammad Jundullah  , Haris Haris , Elisabeth Serlina Elensia Bupu
Published: January 2025

Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PkM) dengan tema "Design to Impress: Creating Stunning Landing Pages with HTML and CSS" yang dilaksanakan di SMK Negeri 1 Kota Sorong ialah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan siswa jurusan PPLG (Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak dan GIM) dalam pembuatan halaman web. Kegiatan ini melibatkan 60 siswa dan bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman dasar hingga lanjutan mengenai HTML dan CSS, serta teknik pembuatan landing pages yang responsif. Metode yang digunakan mencakup penyuluhan, praktikum, dan pendampingan langsung. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa siswa/i mampu mengaplikasikan pengetahuan yang diperoleh, meskipun terdapat kendala seperti keterbatasan pemahaman teknis dan akses terhadap sumber daya. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat memotivasi siswa untuk memanfaatkan teknologi digital dalam karier mereka di masa depan.
PERENCANAAN JALAN RING ROAD BARAT PEREMPATAN CILACAP DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BETON
Authors: Putra Gud Purmala , Darma Eko , Soedarmin Soedarmin
Published: January 2025

Perkerasan jalan beton pada saat ini menjadi solusi yang efektif untuk menanggulangi kerusakan jalan aspal akibat beban kendaraan yang terlalu berat. Kerusakan jalan aspal pada umumnya disebabkan oleh beban kendaraan berat dan faktor lingkungan (cuaca), seperti yang terjadi pada Simpang jalan Ring Road Barat Pendekat Utara Cilacap. Kerusakan yang terjadi berupa lendutan, retakan, dan jalan aspal mengelupas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mencoba untuk mengatasi dampak kerusakan yang terjadi pada jalan aspal tersebut dengan perencanaan jalan dari beton. Metode yang digunakan adalah menganalisis panjang dan lebar jalan aspal yang akan direncanakan menjadi jalan beton, menghitung jumlah kendaraan berat (berat kendaraan ≥ 5 ton, seperti truk 3 as, kontainer, dan truk gandeng) yang melewati jalan tersebut. Perencanaan jalan tersebut meliputi perencanaan jalan beton bertulang dengan sambungan, tebal lapisan perkerasan dan penulangan. Hasil perhitungan pada perencanaan jalan beton tersebut diperoleh tebal lapis perkerasan beton sebesar 150 mm, diamter penulangan arah melintang sebesar D10 – 250 mm, dan penulangan arah memanjang sebesar D12 – 150 mm.
Kata kunci: Tebal lapis perkerasan beton, beban kendaraan, Volume lalu lintas.
PENGARUH WAKTU PEMANASAN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PULP DARI PELEPAH PISANG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ACETOSOLV
Authors: Tiara Greenastya Febrianis , Hardjono
Published: January 2025

Pulp adalah material yang digunakan untuk membuat kertas. Bahan baku yang biasa digunakan dalam industri pulp dan kertas adalah kayu. Eksploitasi hutan yang terus menerus dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan industri tersebut akan berdampak terhadap ketersediaan kayu dan mengakibatkan banyak permasalahan global. Alternatif bahan baku pembuatan pulp dan kertas sangat diperlukan, salah satunya adalah pelepah pisang. Pembuatan pulp dari pelepah pisang dapat dilakukan melalui metode acetosolv, yaitu metode yang menggunakan asam asetat sebagai pelarut organik. Kualitas pulp yang dihasilkan dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya yaitu waktu pemanasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu pemanasan terbaik dan mengetahui pengaruh waktu pemanasan terhadap karakteristik pulp. Waktu pemanasan yang digunakan adalah 30 menit, 45 menit, dan 60 menit. Proses pembuatan pulp meliputi size reduction dan pengeringan pelepah pisang, pencampuran dan pemanasan serbuk pelepah pisang dengan asam asetat, dan pembilasan campuran menggunakan etanol dan air. Pulp yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian karakteristik berupa nilai yield, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lignin, dan kadar selulosa. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh nilai yield tertinggi sebesar 71% pada waktu pemanasan 60 menit, kadar air terendah sebesar 3% pada waktu pemanasan 60 menit, kadar abu terendah sebesar 2% pada waktu 60 menit, kadar lignin terendah sebesar 13%  pada waktu 30 menit, dan kadar selulosa tertinggi sebesar 87% pada waktu 30 menit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa waktu pemanasan terbaik adalah 60 menit dan semakin lama waktu pemanasan akan menurunkan yield, kadar air, kadar abu, dan kadar lignin serta meningkatkan kadar selulosa pulp yang dihasilkan.
Swedish Women’s Health Promotion: A Social Anthropologist’s Perspective
Authors: Sorokina Elena A.
Published: January 2025

The article presents an analysis of Swedish reproductive policy within the context of socio-economic factors, women’s health concerns, and approaches to maternal and child healthcare in Sweden. The author examines the evolution of social consciousness and practices related to motherhood and childcare, tracing the transition from traditional worldly and social norms and rules, which involved strict observance of religious dogmas, to new forms of family structure and conscious planning of reproductive behavior within families. The author considers the need to address the demographic challenges facing the country as an important motivation for the Swedish social policy since the 1930s. It is evident that economic growth and positive changes in the socio-economic environment have played a key role in the success of the ‘family’ policy. The social rights and opportunities of Swedish citizens, including the implementation of programs aimed at women’s health, have been guaranteed by the state. The implementation of state family policy has facilitated enhanced opportunities and accessibility for Swedish women, enabling them to develop their own life strategies, not only in the labor market but also in the context of their own health. Significant components of this social policy encompass implementation of suitable reproductive policies and material assistance to diverse categories of families, whether engaged in labor market activities or childcare responsibilities.
Brucella suis ΔmapB outer membrane vesicles as an acellular vaccine against systemic and mucosal B. suis infection
Authors: González Florencia Muñoz , Bialer Magali G. , Cerutti Maria L. , Estein Silvia M. , Ramis Lila Y. , Baldi Pablo C. , Zorreguieta Ángeles , Ferrero Mariana C.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Swine brucellosis, caused by Brucella suis, is a worldwide infectious zoonotic disease. Currently, there are no available human or porcine vaccines to protect against B. suis infection, which is primarily acquired through the mucosa. We recently described B. suis MapB, the homologous protein of TamB, the inner membrane component of the TAM system. Our findings indicate that MapB is involved in bacterial cell envelope homeostasis. In this study, we characterize the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of B. suis 1330 (wt) and those of B. suis ΔmapB (ΔmapB) mutant strain and evaluate their vaccine potential in mice.

Methods

OMVs were isolated using the ultracentrifugation method and characterized through electron microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, SDS-PAGE and proteomics. Immunogenicity was assessed by intramuscular immunization of mice with wt OMVs or ΔmapB OMVs, followed by the measurement of antigen-specific antibody levels and functional assays to evaluate the protective capacity of the antibodies. Cellular immunity was assessed by characterizing cytokine secretion through ELISA after in vitro stimulation of spleen cells with heat-killed B. suis. To determine the level of protection conferred by immunization, mice were challenged with virulent B. suis via intraperitoneal or intratracheal routes, and the bacterial load was quantified post-challenge.

Results

Dynamic Light Scattering of the OMVs from both strains revealed the presence of spherical structures of 90-130 nm. Proteomic analysis identified 94 and 95 proteins in the wt and ΔmapB OMVs, respectively, including several known Brucella immunogens. Both OMVs showed immunoreactivity with sera from Brucella-infected pigs. Intramuscular immunization of mice with both OMVs induced antigen-specific IgG in serum, with the ΔmapB OMVs group showing higher titers compared to the wt OMVs group. Serum antibodies from both OMVs groups reduced B. suis adherence and invasion of lung epithelial cells and enhanced its phagocytosis by macrophages. Upon in vitro antigen stimulation, spleen cells from mice immunized with ΔmapB OMVs secreted higher levels of interleukin-17 and especially gamma interferon compared to cells from mice immunized with wt OMVs, suggesting the induction of a stronger T helper 1 response in the ΔmapB OMVs group. While immunization with both wt and ΔmapB OMVs achieved the same level of protection following intratracheal infection with B. suis (p<0.01), immunization with ΔmapB OMVs provided higher levels of protection against intraperitoneal infection.

Discussion

Overall, these results demonstrate that the B. suis ΔmapB OMVs are immunogenic and capable of inducing both cellular and humoral immune responses that protect against mucosal and systemic B. suis challenges.
Analysis of the safety and efficacy of flow diverter device in the treatment of tandem aneurysms in the internal carotid artery
Authors: Wan Jun , Xu Ligang , Jiang Yeqing , Zhang Lei , Wang Zhenyu , Zhang Xiaolong , Wang Shengzhang
Published: January 2025

Objective

To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of flow diverter device (FDD) in the treatment of tandem aneurysms in the internal carotid artery.

Materials and methods

This study was a retrospectively observational study involving two neurointerventional centers. Sixteen Patients with tandem aneurysms in the internal carotid artery treated with FDD and Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) follow-up in Huashan Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University and Jing’an District Central Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University from 2020.08 to 2023.12 were included. The outcomes included the angiographic occlusion rate of aneurysms, complications, and the modified Rankin Scale score. The risk factors of complete occlusion of tandem aneurysms were explored by logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 38 aneurysms were included, including 21 aneurysms of 8 patients in the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) group and 17 aneurysms of 8 patients in the Tubridge Flow Diverter (TFD) group. A total of 16 FDD stents were implanted, 8 in each PED and TFD group, with a technical success rate of 100%. The median value of maximum aneurysm diameter (Dmax) was 4.27 (3.57–5.41) mm. Among them, 28 aneurysms had a maximum diameter of <5 mm (73.7%), 10 aneurysms had a maximum diameter of 5–15 mm (26.3%). All patients were followed up clinically for a median of 25.5 months (15.5–28.7 months). There were no deaths and symptomatic complications. The modified Rankin Scale scores (mRS) of 16 patients were all less than 2. All patients were examined by angiography with a median of 14 months (6–27 months). Among them, there were 5 Consensus Grading Scale for Endovascular Aneurysm Occlusion (CGSFEAO) grade 5 (13.2%), 1 CGSFEAO grade 4 (2.6%), 1 CGSFEAO grade 2 (2.6%) and 31 CGSFEAO grade 0 (81.6%). The complete occlusion rate of intracranial aneurysm in the whole study was 81.6%, including 85.7% in the PED group and 76.5% in the TFD group, and there was no significant statistical difference between the two groups. Statistically significant variables were not found in univariate logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion

FDD is safe and effective in treating tandem aneurysms in the internal carotid artery with a high occlusion rate and few complications. TFD is comparable to PED in the treatment of intracranial tandem aneurysms.
Optimization Study of Pneumatic–Electric Combined Braking Strategy for 30,000-ton Heavy-Haul Trains
Authors: Zhang Mingtao , Shi Congjin , Wang Kun , Liu Pengfei , Liu Guoyun , Wang Zhiwei , Zhang Weihua
Published: January 2025

The normalized operation of 30,000-ton heavy-haul trains is of significant importance for enhancing the transportation capacity of heavy-haul railways. However, with the increase in train formation size, traditional braking strategies result in excessive longitudinal impulse when combined pneumatic and electric braking is applied on long, steep gradients. This presents a serious challenge to the braking safety of the train. To this end, this paper establishes a longitudinal dynamic model of a 30,000-ton heavy-haul train based on vehicle system dynamics theory, and validates the model’s effectiveness through line test data. On this basis, the influence of two braking parameters, namely, the distribution of the magnitude of the electric braking force and the matching time of pneumatic braking and electric braking, on the longitudinal dynamic behavior of heavy-haul trains is studied. Thereby, an optimized combined pneumatic and electric braking strategy is formulated to reduce the longitudinal impulse of the trains. The results show that setting reasonable braking parameters can effectively reduce the longitudinal impulse, with the braking matching time having a significant impact on the longitudinal impulse. Specifically, when using a strategy where the electric braking forces of three locomotives are set to 90 kN, 300 kN, and 300 kN, with a 30 s delay in applying the electric braking force, a better optimization effect is achieved. The two proposed braking strategies reduce the maximum longitudinal forces by 20.27% and 47.83%, respectively, compared to conventional approaches. The research results provide effective methods and theoretical guidance for optimizing the braking strategy and ensuring the operational safety of 30,000-ton heavy-haul trains.
Analysis of Aging and Degradation in Lithium Batteries Using Distribution of Relaxation Time
Authors: Sohaib Muhammad , Akram Abdul Shakoor , Choi Woojin
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the deconvolution of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) data into the Distribution of Relaxation Times (DRTs) is employed to provide a detailed examination of degradation mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries. Using an nth RC model with Gaussian functions, this study achieves enhanced separation of overlapping electrochemical processes where Gaussian functions yield smoother transitions and clearer peak identification than conventional piecewise linear functions. The advantages of employing Tikhonov Regularization (TR) with Gaussian functions over Maximum Entropy (ME) and FFT methods are highlighted as this approach provides superior noise resilience, unbiased analysis, and enhanced resolution of critical features. This approach is applied to LIB cell data to identify characteristic peaks of the DRT plot and evaluate their correlation with battery degradation. By observing how these peaks evolve through cycles of battery aging, insights into specific aging mechanisms and performance decline are obtained. This study combines experimental measurements with DRT peak analysis to characterize the impedance distribution within LIBs which enables accelerated detection of degradation pathways and enhances the predictive accuracy for battery life and reliability. This analysis contributes to a refined understanding of LIB degradation behavior, supporting the development of advanced battery management systems designed to improve safety, optimize battery performance, and extend the operational lifespan of LIBs for various applications.
Targeting the Interplay Between Autophagy and the Nrf2 Pathway in Parkinson’s Disease with Potential Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Liu Mengru , Liu Siqi , Lin Zihan , Chen Xi , Jiao Qian , Du Xixun , Jiang Hong
Published: January 2025

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder marked by the progressive degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and resultant locomotor dysfunction. Despite over two centuries of recognition as a chronic disease, the exact pathogenesis of PD remains elusive. The onset and progression of PD involve multiple complex pathological processes, with dysfunctional autophagy and elevated oxidative stress serving as critical contributors. Notably, emerging research has underscored the interplay between autophagy and oxidative stress in PD pathogenesis. Given the limited efficacy of therapies targeting either autophagy dysfunction or oxidative stress, it is crucial to elucidate the intricate mechanisms governing their interplay in PD to develop more effective therapeutics. This review overviews the role of autophagy and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a pivotal transcriptional regulator orchestrating cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress, and the complex interplay between these processes. By elucidating the intricate interplay between these key pathological processes in PD, this review will deepen our comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted pathological processes underlying PD and may uncover potential strategies for its prevention and treatment.
The Role of Air Pollution and Olfactory Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Odendaal Louise , Quek Hazel , Cuní-López Carla , White Anthony R. , Stewart Romal
Published: January 2025

The escalating issue of air pollution contributes to an alarming number of premature fatalities each year, thereby posing a significant threat to global health. The focus of recent research has shifted towards understanding its potential association with neurodegenerative diseases, specifically Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is recognised for its characteristic deposition of toxic proteins within the brain, leading to a steady deterioration of cognitive capabilities, memory failure, and, ultimately, death. There is burgeoning evidence implying that air pollution may be a contributing factor to this protein build up, thereby intensifying the course of AD. It has been demonstrated that the olfactory system, responsible for smell perception and processing, acts as a potential gateway for airborne pollutants to inflict brain damage. This review aims to elucidate the relationship between air pollution, olfactory deterioration, and AD. Additionally, this review aims to highlight the potential mechanisms through which pollutants might instigate the development of AD and the role of the olfactory system in disease pathogenesis. Moreover, the diverse model systems employed in exploring the correlation, public health policy ramifications, and prospective directions for future research will be discussed.
Is Breath Best? A Systematic Review on the Accuracy and Utility of Nanotechnology Based Breath Analysis of Ketones in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Marfatia Kamal , Ni Jing , Preda Veronica , Nasiri Noushin
Published: January 2025

Timely ketone detection in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is critical for the effective management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This systematic review evaluates the current literature on breath-based analysis for ketone detection in T1DM, highlighting nanotechnology as a potential for a non-invasive alternative to blood-based ketone measurements. A comprehensive search across 5 databases identified 11 studies meeting inclusion criteria, showcasing various breath analysis techniques, such as semiconducting gas sensors, colorimetry, and nanoparticle-based chemo-resistive sensors. These studies report high sensitivity and correlation between breath acetone (BrAce) levels and blood ketones, with some demonstrating accuracies up to 94.7% and correlations reaching R2 values as high as 0.98. However, significant heterogeneity in methodologies and cut-off values limits device comparability and precludes meta-analysis. Despite these challenges, the findings indicate that BrAce monitoring could offer significant clinical benefits by enabling the earlier detection of ketone buildup, reducing DKA-related hospitalisations and healthcare costs. Standardising BrAce measurement techniques and sensitivity thresholds is essential to broaden clinical adoption. This review underscores the promise of nanotechnology-based breath analysis as a transformative tool for DKA management, with potential utility across varied ketotic conditions.
A Comprehensive Approach to Neoadjuvant Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Gandini Annalice , Sciallero Stefania , Martelli Valentino , Pirrone Chiara , Puglisi Silvia , Cremante Malvina , Grassi Massimiliano , Andretta Valeria , Fornarini Giuseppe , Caprioni Francesco , Comandini Danila , Pessino Annamaria , Mammoliti Serafina , Sobrero Alberto , Pastorino Alessandro
Published: January 2025

At the end of the past century, the introduction of Total Mesorectal Excision (TME), preceded by either short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) or chemoradiation (CRT), established the new standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Recently, significant advancements were achieved for both dMMR/MSI and pMMR/MSS LARC patients. For the 2–3% of dMMR/MSI LARCs, ablative immunotherapy emerged as a curative approach, offering the possibility of avoiding chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy, and surgery altogether. In pMMR/MSS LARCs, the intensification of preoperative treatments with Total Neoadjuvant Treatment (TNT) afforded three outcomes: (a) a reduction of distant metastases, positively impacting on survival endpoints, (b) a significant increase of complete clinical response (cCR) rate, paving the way for non-operative management (NOM), and (c) the selective omission of radiotherapy following induction CT. The choice of the most appropriate therapeutic strategy can only be made through the shared decision-making process between physician and patient based on risk stratification and patient preferences.
Estimation of Wind Farm Losses Using a Jensen Model Based on Actual Wind Turbine Characteristics for an Offshore Wind Farm in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Malecha Ziemowit , Chorowski Maciej
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the effects of velocity deficits on the performance of wind turbines in multi-row wind farms, focusing on two types of turbines: Gamesa G132 and Gamesa SG8. The analysis examines the impact of turbine spacing on key performance metrics, including Annual Energy Production, energy production losses, and the capacity factor. Two models are used: the classical Jensen model, assuming a constant thrust coefficient (CT), and an updated model that incorporates the actual turbine-specific CT(U) characteristics. The results demonstrate that as turbine spacing decreases, the velocity deficit behind the turbines increases, leading to significant reductions in AEP and higher energy losses. These effects are particularly pronounced for spacings of 5D and 3D, raising concerns about the economic feasibility of such wind farms. This study also highlights that the proposed updated Jensen model, which accounts for the specific turbine characteristics, provides results that are closer to real-world observations. This study showed that for a Baltic Sea wind farm location, the capacity factor for the wind farm is in the range of 0.366 to 0.476, depending on the turbine spacing.
Natural Hybridization Between Quercus crassipes and Q. crassifolia (Fagaceae) Is a Key Process to Ensure the Biodiversity of Their Associated Lichen Community
Authors: Valencia-Cuevas Leticia , Melhado-Carboney Jennie , Tovar-Sánchez Efraín
Published: January 2025

Lichens are organisms whose dynamics take place on terrestrial substrates such as rock, dead wood, living plants, and soil. Living trees are used for lichens as structural support to access light. However, little is known about how the genetic traits of a host tree influence which lichen species grow on it and, consequently, the community structure of this funga. In this study, we investigated how the genetic diversity GD of host oak taxa (Quercus crassifolia, Q. crassipes and their putative hybrid: Q. × dysophylla) influence the community structure of the associated epiphytic lichen community in two hybrid zones (HZs) in Central Mexico. The lichen community was composed of 76 species, 27 genera and 14 families. We found significant differences in lichen composition between genetically distinct individuals and oak taxa in each HZ. Lichen diversity in Q. × dysophylla was intermediate and significantly different between parents in both HZs. We conclude that genetic differences between host oaks promoted significantly different lichen communities and that hybrids may act as ecological islands, accumulating lichen species from both parental species and their own novel species. Consequently, the conservation of HZs due to their high GD may be a strategy to ensure biodiversity conservation of oak-associated lichen communities.
Practical Implications in Contemporary Dental Aesthetics—Shade Selection Assessment Using Intraoral Scanners
Authors: Ciocan Pendefunda Alice Arina , Dascalu Cristina Gena , Bahrim Sebastian , Iordache Cristina , Luca Odette , Antohe Magda-Ecaterina
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Aesthetics is a challenging aspect to restore for both dentists and dental technicians. One of the characteristics of aesthetic restoration is the shade. The purpose of the study is to assess the accuracy of the shade selection feature of intraoral scanners (CEREC Omnican, 3Shape TRIOS) in comparison with an already established method—the VITA Easyshade V spectrophotometer (VE)—and test if there is any significant difference between the three devices. Methods: To conduct this in vitro study, the VITA Classical shade guide was used. The intraoral scanners would not be able to scan the VITA Classical as it is, hence, a study model (SM) was fabricated. To be able to test the accuracy of the intraoral scanners (IOSs) in detecting the dental color, a spectrophotometer had to be included in the study, as it was shown that it is the most accurate instrument for this purpose. Therefore, for the current study, the VITA Easyshade V spectrophotometer (VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany) was selected. Results: The accuracy of the three devices when measuring the shade of the study model was calculated as a percentage. When comparing the primary results of the VE and the results obtained by the Omnicam and TRIOS, the latter is the most accurate (26.67%), whereas the other two scored 20%. The study also revealed the limitations of the instrumental devices that were used. Conclusions: First, both the VE and IOSs obtained unexpectedly low accuracy results. Possibly, the material VC is made of influenced the final accuracy values, but in practice, on a daily basis, dental materials represent a factor that cannot really be controlled.
Robust Position Control of VTOL UAVs Using a Linear Quadratic Rate-Varying Integral Tracker: Design and Validation
Authors: Saleem Omer , Kazim Muhammad , Iqbal Jamshed
Published: January 2025

This article presents an optimal tracking controller retrofitted with a nonlinear adaptive integral compensator, specifically designed to ensure robust and accurate positioning of Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that utilize contra-rotating motorized propellers for differential thrust generation. The baseline position controller is synthesized by employing a fixed-gain Linear Quadratic Integral (LQI) tracking controller that stabilizes position by tracking both state variations and pitch-axis tracking error integral, which adjusts the voltage to control each coaxial propeller’s speed accurately. Additionally, the baseline tracking control law is supplemented with a rate-varying integral compensator. It operates as a nonlinear scaling function of the tracking-error velocity and the braking acceleration to enhance the accuracy of reference tracking without sacrificing its robustness against exogenous disruptions. The controller’s performance is analyzed by performing experiments on a tailored hardware-in-the-loop aero-pendulum testbed, which is representative of VTOL UAV dynamics. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements over the nominal LQI tracking controller, achieving 17.9%, 61.6%, 83.4%, 43.7%, 35.8%, and 6.8% enhancement in root mean squared error, settling time, overshoot during start-up, overshoot under impulsive disturbance, disturbance recovery time, and control energy expenditure, respectively, underscoring the controller’s effectiveness for potential UAV and drone applications under exogenous disturbances.
Distribution and Diversity of Myxomycetes Along the Elevational Belt of Mt. Calavite Wildlife Sanctuary (MCWS), Occidental Mindoro, Philippines
Authors: Racoma Christon Jairus M. , Redeña-Santos John Carlo , Dagamac Nikki Heherson A.
Published: January 2025

Myxomycetes are protists that predate microbial communities in soil and are heavily affected by changing climate conditions. As seen in a more distinct guild of myxomycete, their fructification diversity depends not only on the heterogeneity of vegetation but also on temperature and precipitation. To determine the reverse pattern of microbial diversity established in temperate ecozones, foliar and lignicolous litters were collected along a tropical montane site in the Philippines. Fifty-seven (57) morphospecies of myxomycetes from 15 genera were determined. Alpha-diversity analysis revealed a significant decline in species richness and diversity with increasing elevation. Beta-diversity analysis, integrating non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), PERMANOVA, and hierarchical clustering, revealed the complex relationships between species turnover and community composition across elevational gradients. These results conform to the hypothesis that species richness decreases as elevation increases, supporting that tropical ecozones follow the general trend of myxomycete diversity that was first observed in the temperate ecozones. The strong role of elevation in shaping myxomycete community structure is further emphasized. This indicates that conservation management efforts should become more stringent in the areas found at the lower elevation of a tropical montane forest, which are more ecologically sensitive to human-induced stressors and climate-related pressures.
Channel-Wise Attention-Enhanced Feature Mutual Reconstruction for Few-Shot Fine-Grained Image Classification
Authors: Ou Qianying , Zou Jinmiao
Published: January 2025

Fine-grained image classification is faced with the challenge of significant intra-class differences and subtle similarities between classes, with a limited number of labelled data. Previous few-shot learning approaches, however, often fail to recognize these discriminative details, such as a bird’s eyes and beak. In this paper, we proposed a channel-wise attention-enhanced feature mutual reconstruction mechanism that helps to alleviate these problems for fine-grained image classification. This mechanism first employed a channel-wise attention module (CAM) to learn the channel weights for both the support and query features. We utilized channel-wise self-attention to assign greater importance to object-relevant channels. This helps the model to focus on subtle yet discriminative details, which is essential to the classification process. Then, we introduce a feature mutual reconstruction module (FMRM) to reconstruct features. The support features are reconstructed by a support-weight-enhanced feature map to reduce the intra-class variations, and query features are reconstructed by a query-weight-enhanced feature map to increase inter-class variations. The results of classification depend on the similarity between reconstructed features and enhanced features. We evaluated the performance based on four fine-grained image datasets when Conv-4 and Resnet-12 were used. The experimental results showed that our method outperforms previous few-shot fine-grained classification methods. This proves that our method can improve fine-grained image classification performance and simultaneously balance both the inter-class and intra-class variations.
Economic Analysis of the Operation of a Hydropower Plant in a Wastewater Treatment Plant: Toruń, Poland
Authors: Tomczyk Paweł , Mastalerek Krzysztof , Kociszewski Karol , Orzepowski Wojciech , Wiatkowski Mirosław
Published: January 2025

The energy industry is constantly changing and evolving. One of the visible solutions is the pursuit of low-emission solutions. One such solution is investment in renewable energy sources (RESs), including hydropower, which in 2023 will constitute a dominant share in the production of electricity from RESs (47.02%) in the world. One of the alternative solutions is the use of hydropower in wastewater treatment plants, whose global potential is estimated at about 4350 TWh. An important issue in the operation of these facilities is their profitability. This article presents an economic analysis of a hydropower plant in the wastewater treatment plant in Toruń (northern Poland) in order to assess its profitability in the context of profits, costs, and payback period. The analyses showed the profitability of 9 out of 12 characterized variants, with the payback period estimated for real variants at 10.75–23.74 years and for theoretical variants at 5.06–5.32 years. The most significant factor in reducing the payback period was the level of electricity production between years, while different types of settlements and changes in electricity sales prices played a lesser role. Taking into account all profitable variants, after 25 years of operation, the net income will amount to PLN 1.07 million for the actual variants and PLN 3.18 million for the theoretical variants. The work can contribute to understanding the specifics of the operation of such facilities, which is consistent with, among others, the goals of sustainable development, climate and energy policies, or the circular economy.
Development Trends of Air Flow Velocity Measurement Methods and Devices in Renewable Energy
Authors: Ligęza Paweł , Jamróz Paweł , Socha Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

This article presents an overview of airflow velocity measurement methods applied to renewable energy. Basic measurement methods used in this field are discussed: tachometric, ultrasonic, and calorimetric anemometry. The principle of operation and basic properties of anemometers are presented, and based on publications from the last decade, a systematic review of development directions and trends in this field is made. The aim of the article is to familiarize people dealing with renewable energy problems, in particular wind energy, with the current state of knowledge in the field of anemometric measurements, properties of individual types of measuring devices, as well as directions of development of measurement tools. This will allow for the optimization of processes in the field of wind energy, in particular in the selection of the location of the energy facility, implementation of investments and control, diagnostics, and monitoring during operation. The selection of metrological tools adequate to the problem also allows for ensuring an appropriate level of work safety and environmental and ecological harmony and supporting the process of sustainable development.
Power Mode Division Control Strategy for AC/DC Microgrids Considering SOC
Authors: Cheng Jiangzhou , Xiang Di , Fang Cheng , Hu Zhehao
Published: January 2025

Using hybrid energy storage systems, we propose a power mode partitioning control strategy for AC/DC microgrids that effectively mitigates frequency and voltage fluctuations. By incorporating composite virtual impedance, we categorize the state of charge (SOC) into five distinct operational modes. Supercapacitors, known for their dynamic response, are prioritized to counteract power fluctuations. We assign these operational modes to the AC and DC subnetworks based on real-time changes in frequency and voltage. When significant fluctuations occur, coordinated power transmission between the subnetworks and support from the energy storage system ensure that frequency and voltage remain within acceptable limits. Simulations conducted in MATLAB/Simulink confirmed that this control strategy stabilized power fluctuations and addressed the challenges of overcharging and overdischarging in storage batteries.
Numerical Study on the Characteristics of Hydrogen Leakage, Diffusion and Ventilation in Ships
Authors: Lee Chang-Yong , Park Sang-Kyun
Published: January 2025

Hydrogen is a promising environmentally friendly fuel with the potential for zero-carbon emissions, particularly in maritime applications. However, owing to its wide flammability range (4–75%), significant safety concerns persist. In confined spaces, hydrogen leaks can lead to explosions, posing a risk to both lives and assets. This study conducts a numerical analysis to investigate hydrogen flow within hydrogen storage rooms aboard ships, with the goal of developing efficient ventilation strategies. Through simulations performed using ANSYS-CFX, this research evaluates hydrogen diffusion, stratification, and ventilation performance. A vertex angle of 120° at the ceiling demonstrated superior ventilation efficiency compared to that at 177°, while air inlets positioned on side-wall floors or mid-sections proved more effective than those located near the ceiling. The most efficient ventilation occurred at a velocity of 1.82 m/s, achieving 20 air exchanges per hour. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of safer hydrogen vessel operations.
Exploring In-Network Computing with Information-Centric Networking: Review and Research Opportunities
Authors: Amadeo Marica , Ruggeri Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

The advent of 6G networks and beyond calls for innovative paradigms to address the stringent demands of emerging applications, such as extended reality and autonomous vehicles, as well as technological frameworks like digital twin networks. Traditional cloud computing and edge computing architectures fall short in providing their required flexibility, scalability, and ultra-low latency. Cloud computing centralizes resources in distant data centers, leading to high latency and increased network congestion, while edge computing, though closer to data sources, lacks the agility to dynamically adapt to fluctuating workloads, user mobility, and real-time requirements. In-network computing (INC) offers a transformative solution by integrating computational capabilities directly into the network fabric, enabling dynamic and distributed task execution. This paper explores INC through the lens of information-centric networking (ICN), a revolutionary communication paradigm implementing routing-by-name and in-network caching, and thus emerging as a natural enabler for INC. We review state-of-the-art advancements involving INC and ICN, addressing critical topics such as service naming, executor selection strategies, compute reuse, and security. Furthermore, we discuss key challenges and propose research directions for deploying INC via ICN, thereby outlining a cohesive roadmap for future investigation.
What Drives Generation Z to Avoid Food Waste in China? An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Qi Xin , Li Muyuan , Chen Jiayi , Zhan Guohua , Niu Lu
Published: January 2025

Avoiding food waste has become an important global issue. Given the global impact of food waste and the profound influence of Generation Z on future development, it is crucial to guide them in cultivating awareness and behaviors to reduce food waste, thereby promoting sustainable development. Considering young consumers’ specific characteristics and consumption environment, this study extended the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework by adding two constructs of moral self-identity and scarcity mindset. An online survey was conducted, receiving 417 valid responses, and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. This study shows that subjective norms, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control positively influence Generation Z’s intentions to avoid food waste. Meanwhile, moral self-identity remarkably positively influences attitudes and perceived behavioral control, which in turn affects intention to avoid food waste. Moreover, the positive moderating role of scarcity mindset is verified. This study refines the exploration of food waste within the realm of the Generation Z group, and the findings are beneficial for relevant stakeholders to further develop personalized promotion strategies for Generation Z.