bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis Adherence Rates After Major Cancer Surgery
Authors: Logan Charles D. , Hudnall Matthew T. , Schlick Cary Jo R. , French Dustin D. , Bartle Brian , Vitello Dominic , Patel Hiten D. , Woldanski Lauren M. , Abbott Daniel E. , Merkow Ryan P. , Odell David D. , Bentrem David J.
Published: September 2023

Importance

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) represents a major source of preventable morbidity and mortality and is a leading cause of death in the US after cancer surgery. Previous research demonstrated variability in VTE chemoprophylaxis prescribing, although it is unknown how these rates compare with performance in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

Objective

To determine VTE rates after cancer surgery, as well as rates of inpatient and outpatient (posthospital discharge) chemoprophylaxis adherence within the VHA.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study within 101 hospitals of the VHA health system included patients aged 41 years or older without preexisting bleeding disorders or anticoagulation usage who underwent surgical treatment for cancer with general surgery, thoracic surgery, or urology between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022. The VHA Corporate Data Warehouse, Pharmacy Benefits Management database, and the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program database were used to identify eligible patients. Data analysis was conducted between January 2022 and July 2023.

Exposures

Inpatient surgery for cancer with general surgery, thoracic surgery, or urology.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Rates of postoperative VTE events within 30 days of surgery and VTE chemoprophylaxis adherence were determined. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to determine incidence-rate ratios of inpatient and postdischarge chemoprophylaxis adherence by surgical specialty.

Results

Overall, 30 039 veterans (median [IQR] age, 67 [62-71] years; 29 386 men [97.8%]; 7771 African American or Black patients [25.9%]) who underwent surgery for cancer and were at highest risk for VTE were included. The overall postoperative VTE rate was 1.3% (385 patients) with 199 patients (0.7%) receiving a diagnosis during inpatient hospitalization and 186 patients (0.6%) receiving a diagnosis postdischarge. Inpatient chemoprophylaxis was ordered for 24 139 patients (80.4%). Inpatient chemoprophylaxis ordering rates were highest for patients who underwent procedures with general surgery (10 102 of 10 301 patients [98.1%]) and lowest for patients who underwent procedures with urology (11 471 of 17 089 patients [67.1%]). Overall, 3142 patients (10.5%) received postdischarge chemoprophylaxis, with notable variation by specialty.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings indicate the overall VTE rate after cancer surgery within the VHA is low, VHA inpatient chemoprophylaxis rates are high, and postdischarge VTE chemoprophylaxis prescribing is similar to that of non-VHA health systems. Specialty and procedure variation exists for chemoprophylaxis and may be justified given the low risks of overall and postdischarge VTE.
Laser-Induced Chorioretinal Anastomosis in Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Bjerager Jakob , Hasler Pascal W. , Maloca Peter M. , Rothenbuehler Simon P.
Published: September 2023

This case report describes a laser-induced chorioretinal anastomosis in a 38-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1.
Mangrovicoccus
Authors: Wu Yue‐Hong , Ding Zhi‐Hao
Published: September 2023

Man.gro.vi.coc'cus. N.L. neut. n.
mangrovum
, mangrove; N.L. masc. n.
coccus
, a grain or berry; N.L. masc. n.
Mangrovicoccus
, a coccus bacterium from mangrove.

Pseudomonadota / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Roseobacteraceae / Mangrovicoccus

The genus
Mangrovicoccus
classified within the family
Roseobacteraceae
, order
Rhodobacterales
, class
Alphaproteobacteria
, and in the phylum
Pseudomonadota
, currently includes two species with validly published names. Gram‐stain‐negative, oxidase‐ and catalase‐positive bacteria. Cells are coccoid or ellipsoid‐shaped and divide through binary fission. Aerobic or facultatively aerobic, chemoorganotrophs. Slightly halophilic or haloduric, mostly grow well in the salinity range of 0.5–13.0% (w/v) NaCl, with the optimum of 2.0–4.0%. Grow at pH range from 6.0 to 10.0, with an optimum at approx. pH 7.0–8.0. Mesophilic, optimal growth at 35–40°C, growth range 10–50°C. The colony color is beige. The major respiratory quinone is Q‐10. The predominant (>25% of the total) fatty acid is C
18:1
ω7
c
. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME). Known habitats are marine environment, such as sediment from a mangrove forest and brown algae.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67.9–68.8.

Type species
:
Mangrovicoccus ximenensis
Yu et al. 2018
VP
.
Sinirhodobacter
Authors: Yang Guiqin , Zhuang Li , Yu Zhen , Zhou Shungui
Published: September 2023

Si.ni.rodo.bac'ter. M.L. gen. n.
Sinae
of China; N.L. masc. n.
Rhodobacter
, a bacterial genus name; N.L. masc. n.
Sinirhodobacter
, a bacterium related to
Rhodobacter
species that isolated from China.

Pseudomonadota / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Rhodobacteraceae / Sinirhodobacter

The genus
Sinirhodobacter
currently four species with validly published names –
Sinirhodobacter ferrireducens
,
Sinirhodobacter hankyongi
,
Sinirhodobacter huangdaoensis
, and
Sinirhodobacter populi
. Cells of
Sinirhodobacter
are ovoid to rod‐shaped, motile by peritrichous flagella or nonmotile. They are Gram‐stain‐negative, facultatively anaerobic or strictly aerobic, nonphototrophic, and heterotrophic. Oxidase‐negative and catalase‐positive. Colonies are convex and circular with regular margin. NaCl is not required for cell growth.
Sinirhodobacter
bacteria are mesophilic, growing optimally at 25–37°C. The main quinone system is ubiquinone Q‐10. The major fatty acids are unsaturated octadecanoic fatty acids (C
18:1
ω7
c
and/or C
18:1
ω6
c
). The major polar lipids are diphosphatidyglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 65.4–68.3 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Sinirhodobacter ferrireducens
Yang et al. 2013
VP
.
Miltoncostaea
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Egas Conceição
Published: September 2023

Mil.ton.cos.tae'a. N.L. fem. n.
Miltoncostaea
, the name is dedicated to the Portuguese microbiologist Milton S. da Costa, who significantly contributed to the study of the deep actinobacterial branching phylogenetic lineage of order
Gaiellales
.

Actinomycetota / Thermoleophilia / Miltoncostaeales / Miltoncostaeaceae / Miltoncostaea

The genus
Miltoncostaea
comprises two validly named species,
Miltoncostaea marina
and
Miltoncostaea oceani
. These organisms form short rod‐shaped cells. The type species of the genus,
M
.
marina
, is motile; species
M
.
oceani
is nonmotile. Cells stain Gram‐negative, and endospores are not observed. Colonies are nonpigmented. The species of the genus
Miltoncostaea
are strictly aerobic, mesophilic, and slightly halophilic. Possess cytochrome
c
oxidase and are catalase positive. The organisms are chemoorganotrophic. Carbohydrates and polyols are used as carbon and energy sources; amino acids are used as nitrogen sources. The peptidoglycan contains
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid (
meso
‐Dpm) as diagnostic diamino acid and is of type A1γ'. The sole respiratory lipoquinone of this genus is menaquinone 7 (MK‐7). The polar lipid profile comprises phosphatidylglycerol (PG), unidentified phospholipids (PLs), and unidentified phosphoglycolipids (PGLs). Fatty acids are primarily straight‐chain saturated; branched fatty acids are also present. Isolated from deep‐sea sediments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 74.8–76.1 (genome).

Type species
:
Miltoncostaea marina
Li et al. 2021, VL202.
Natrarchaeobaculum
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y. , Yakimov Mikhail M.
Published: September 2023

Natr.ar.chae.o.ba'cu.lum. N.L. neut. n.
natron,
pertaining to soda; Gr. masc. adj.
archaîos
ancient; L. neut. n.
baculum,
small stick, rod; N.L. neut. n.
Natrarchaeobaculum
soda‐loving archaeal rod.

Halobacteriota / Halobacteria / Natrialbales / Natrialbaceae / Natrarchaeobaculum

The genus
Natrarchaeobaculum
is classified as a member of the family
Natrialbaceae
, order
Natrialbales
, class
Halobacteria
according to phylogenomic analyses. It includes extremely halophilic heterotrophic natronoarchaea, some of which can grow anaerobically by sulfur respiration utilizing organic acids, H
2
, and formate as the electron donors. The genus currently includes two species: the facultatively anaerobic type species
Natrarchaeobaculum sulfurireducens
and the aerobic species
Natrarchaeobaculum aegyptiacus
. These species inhabit hypersaline soda lakes. The three letter abbreviation is
Nab
.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 62.8–64.1 (whole genome sequences).

Type species
:
Natrarchaeobaculum sulfurireducens
Sorokin et al. 2020a
VP
.
Dangui Huoxue Preparation (DHP) Ameliorates Skin Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Vasculopathy in the Bleomycin‐Induced Murine Model of Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Yan Yuemei , Cao Dianyu , Liang Jian , Yang Qiaorong , Gao Di , Shen Chen , Hu Feifei , Li Zheng , Han Yumei , Cao Xin , Wang Qiang
Published: September 2023

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an immune‐mediated rheumatic disease that is characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs and vasculopathy with poor prognosis. Dangui Huoxue Preparation (DHP) is a clinically effective traditional Chinese herbal formula for the treatment of SSc in the hospital. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of DHP in the treatment of SSc. SSc mice models are induced by bleomycin (BLM). Tissues of DHP group, normal control group, and positive control drug Sanqi Tongshu Capsule (STC) group are collected for inflammation, fibrosis, and vasculopathy. Also, the human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) stimulated with TGF‐β1 are analyzed for in vitro study. The expression levels of MCP‐1, IFN‐γ, IL‐1β, IL‐10, Fizz1, iNOS, and IL12p40, and the mRNA levels of Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1, and Col5a1 are significantly decreased in all DHP groups and STC group compare with those in the BLM group. The main drug of DHP inhibits the proliferation and migration of HDF, reduces Ctgf, Itgb3, Itgb5 expression, and also inhibits the Smad3 pathway. In conclusion, DHP can ameliorate SSc skin inflammation, fibrosis, and vasculopathy, possibly suppressing the TGF‐β1/Smad3 signaling pathway through extracellular and intracellular mechanisms.
Bulk Heterojunction Antimony Selenosulfide Thin‐Film Solar Cells with Efficient Charge Extraction and Suppressed Recombination
Authors: Zhou Ru , Li Xiaozhang , Wan Lei , Niu Haihong , Wang Huan , Yang Xi , Wang Xingzhu , Hou Jiwei , Xu Jinzhang , Xu Baomin
Published: September 2023

As an emerging earth‐abundant light harvesting material, antimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3) has received tremendous attention for photovoltaics. Manipulating the carrier separation and recombination processes is critical to achieve high device efficiency. Compared to the conventional planar heterojunction (PHJ), the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) configuration affords great potential to enable efficient charge extraction. In this work, BHJ Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells are constructed based on CdS nanorod arrays (NRAs). Highly ordered CdS NRAs with appropriate nanorod lengths and diameters are obtained by regulating the growth environment and screening different substrates for CdS deposition. A low‐temperature oxygen doping strategy implemented on CdS NRAs is further developed to improve the optoelectronic and defect properties as well as form a favorable cascade band structure for CdS NRAs, so as to realize more efficient charge extraction and suppressed recombination at the heterointerface. As a result, the CdS NRAs‐based superstrated BHJ Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cell yields a considerable power conversion efficiency of 8.04%, outperforming that of the PHJ device. A careful comparative study of PHJ and BHJ based on electrostatic field simulations indicates that the BHJ allows more efficient charge extraction and transport. This work highlights the great potential of BHJ configuration for constructing high‐performance antimony chalcogenide solar cells.
Asymmetric Alloy Acceptor Strategy Guided by Similarity Principle Enables Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Youhui , Deng Jiawei , You Shiyong , Huang Xuexiang , Liu Jiabin , Cheng Yujun , Huang Bin , Chen Xi , Sun Zhe , Yang Changduk , Cao Qian‐Yong , Wu Feiyan , Chen Lie
Published: September 2023

Introducing the guest materials into binary active layer to construct ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) is widely used to improve device performance. Nevertheless, designing the guest materials is a challenging task. Herein, asymmetric alloy acceptor strategy guided by similarity principle to design the guest materials is employed. Two small molecular acceptors (ZH1 with symmetric end groups and ZH2 with asymmetric end groups) with the same skeleton to the host acceptor are synthesized and compared. Compared to symmetric ZH1, asymmetric ZH2 delivers a remarkably higher efficiency (3.86% vs 13.03%) when paired with PM6, benefiting from the larger dipole moment to facilitate charge dynamics and more favorable morphology. More importantly, by introducing ZH1 and ZH2 as the guest materials into the PM6:BTP‐eC9 blend, both ZH1 and ZH2 well alloy with acceptor BTP‐eC9 due to the similar skeleton, not only providing a complementary absorption, but also optimizing and stabilizing the blend morphology. Notably, the asymmetric alloy acceptor distinctly outperforms symmetric alloy acceptor, PM6:BTP‐eC9:ZH2‐based device achieves an outstanding efficiency of 18.75% with better stability and reduced non‐radiative energy loss. Therefore, developing asymmetric alloy acceptor is an effective strategy to develop high‐performance and stable OSCs.
Dispersion Engineering by Hybridizing the Back‐Folded Soft Mode of Monomode Elastic Metamaterials with Stiff Acoustic Modes
Authors: Groß Michael F. , Schneider Jonathan L.G. , Chen Yi , Kadic Muamer , Wegener Martin
Published: September 2023

In many cases, the hybridization of two or more excitation modes in solids has led to new and useful dispersion relations of waves. Well‐studied examples are phonon polaritons, plasmon polaritons, particle‐plasmon polaritons, cavity polaritons, and magnetic resonances at optical frequencies. In all of these cases, the lowest propagating mode couples to a finite‐frequency localized resonance. Herein, the unusual metamaterial phonon dispersion relations arising from the hybridization of an ordinary acoustical phonon mode with a back‐folded soft or easy phonon mode of a monomode elastic metamaterial are discussed. Conceptually, the single easy mode can have strictly zero wave velocity. In reality, its wave velocity is very much smaller than that of all other modes. Considering polymeric three‐dimensional printed elastic monomode metamaterials at ultrasound frequencies, it is shown theoretically and experimentally that the resulting pronounced avoided crossing, with a frequency splitting comparable to the mid‐frequency, leads to backward‐wave behavior for the lowest band over a broad frequency range, conceptually at zero loss.
Stochastic Electrical Detection of Single Ion‐Gated Semiconducting Polymers
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Ab F. , Duarte Sánchez Daniel F. , Cui Jin Z. , Lemay Serge G.
Published: September 2023

Semiconducting polymer chains constitute the building blocks for a wide range of electronic materials and devices. However, most of their electrical characteristics at the single‐molecule level have received little attention. Elucidating these properties can help understanding performance limits and enable new applications. Here, coupled ionic–electronic charge transport is exploited to measure the quasi‐1D electrical current through long single conjugated polymer chains as they form transient contacts with electrodes separated by ≈10 nm. Fluctuations between internal conformations of the individual polymers are resolved as abrupt, multilevel switches in the electrical current. This behavior is consistent with the theoretical simulations based on the worm‐like‐chain (WLC) model for semiflexible polymers. In addition to probing the intrinsic properties of single semiconducting polymer chains, the results provide an unprecedented window into the dynamics of random‐coil polymers and enable the use of semiconducting polymers as electrical labels for single‐molecule (bio)sensing assays.
Significantly Boosted Upconversion Emission in Cryogenic Er@Yb@Y Core–Shell–Shell Nanostructures
Authors: Wang Enhui , Wang Wei , Niu Lujun , Feng Yansong , Zhao Haifeng , Luo Yongshi , Zhang Ligong , Li Qiqing , Chen Haoran , Chang Yulei , Tu Langping , Zhang Hong , Zuo Jing
Published: September 2023

Recent advances reveal that due to the cross‐relaxation restriction, impressive upconversion (UC) enhancement (≈100‐folds) can be achieved in cryogenic Er3+‐rich core‐inert shell nanostructures (e.g., NaErF4@NaYF4), which opens up exciting opportunities in diverse frontier applications. However, further promotion of UC intensity is still highly desired, in which the rational design of nanostructures can play a key role. Herein, it is demonstrated that adopting an active shell design will constantly benefit the UC within a wide temperature range (40–300 K). Specifically, through constructing the luminescent core@active shell@inert shell sandwich nanostructure (e.g., NaErF4@NaYbF4@NaYF4), 8.3–73‐folds UC enhancement will be achieved (taking the corresponding core@inert shell structures as competitors). Moreover, from spectral‐domain and time‐domain spectroscopic experiments, the relevant UC enhancement is convincingly attributed to a temperature‐dependent energy injection process (from the active shell to the luminescent core). More interestingly, the unique property of the material makes a temperature‐induced high‐level encryption application possible, which is obtained by employing the nanomaterials on a quick response (QR) code. These results not only deepen the UC mechanism in multi‐layer nanostructures, but also introduce an expanded dimension (via low temperatures) in information security.
Effects of household composition on infant feeding and mother–infant health in northern Kenya
Authors: Vankayalapati A. , Wamwere‐Njoroge G. , Fujita M.
Published: September 2023

Background

Households with alloparents, individuals other than the mother who care for an infant, can shift members' roles and affect mother–infant health.

Aims

To investigate how household composition relates to infant feeding and infectious disease risk in mother–infant dyads, the team utilized data from breastfeeding dyads (n 208) surveyed during a prolonged drought and food scarcity in northern Kenya.

Methods

Households were classified by the presence/absence of potential alloparents, distinguishing non‐siblings and siblings of the infant. Regression models for breastfeeding frequency, complementary feeding status, and recent infections (n 83) evaluated these outcomes' associations with household type while accounting for food insecurity, adjusted for infant age, infant sex, and maternal age.

Results

Household type was unassociated with breastfeeding frequency, but the presence of non‐sibling alloparents interacted with food insecurity, predicting increasing breastfeeding frequency as food insecurity intensified among dyads living with non‐sibling alloparents. Households with non‐sibling alloparents were also inversely associated with complementary feeding but had no association with infection. Households with siblings were inversely associated with (protective against) infant and maternal infection.

Conclusion

Further research is needed to understand the interactive influence of household social and food ecologies on mother–infant diet and health under diverse cultural rules and norms for alloparenting.
Mechanistic Studies on the Bismuth‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Azoarenes
Authors: Moon Hye Won , Wang Feng , Bhattacharyya Kalishankar , Planas Oriol , Leutzsch Markus , Nöthling Nils , Auer Alexander A. , Cornella Josep
Published: September 2023

Organobismuth‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation has recently been disclosed as an example of low‐valent Bi redox catalysis. However, its mechanistic details have remained speculative. Herein, we report experimental and computational studies that provide mechanistic insights into a Bi‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of azoarenes using p‐trifluoromethylphenol (4) and pinacolborane (5) as hydrogen sources. A kinetic analysis elucidated the rate orders in all components in the catalytic reaction and determined that 1 a (2,6‐bis[N‐(tert‐butyl)iminomethyl]phenylbismuth) is the resting state. In the transfer hydrogenation of azobenzene using 1 a and 4, an equilibrium between 1 a and 1 a ⋅ [OAr]2 (Ar=p‐CF3−C6H4) is observed, and its thermodynamic parameters are established through variable‐temperature NMR studies. Additionally, pKa‐gated reactivity is observed, validating the proton‐coupled nature of the transformation. The ensuing 1 a ⋅ [OAr]2 is crystallographically characterized, and shown to be rapidly reduced to 1 a in the presence of 5. DFT calculations indicate a rate‐limiting transition state in which the initial N−H bond is formed via concerted proton transfer upon nucleophilic addition of 1 a to a hydrogen‐bonded adduct of azobenzene and 4. These studies guided the discovery of a second‐generation Bi catalyst, the rate‐limiting transition state of which is lower in energy, leading to catalytic transfer hydrogenation at lower catalyst loadings and at cryogenic temperature.
Improved high‐temperature energy storage density at low‐electric field in BOPP/PVDF multilayer films
Authors: Zhang Tiandong , Liang Shuang , Yu Hainan , Zhang Changhai , Tang Chao , Li Hua , Chi Qingguo
Published: September 2023

Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) is the most favorable commercial dielectric energy storage film due to its low dielectric loss and high electric breakdown strength. However, its low dielectric constant always leads to relatively low energy storage density. In this study, we propose an efficient strategy to increase the dielectric constant of BOPP films by laminating with high dielectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Utilizing the high dielectric constant of PVDF and optimizing its thickness and layers, the high‐temperature energy storage density at low‐electric field is significantly improved. When the thickness of interlayer PVDF is 5 μm and the total number of stacked layers is 7, the BOPP/PVDF multilayer films deliver excellent high‐temperature energy storage performance. The dielectric constant of BOPP/PVDF multilayer films increases to 3.54, 1.74 times higher than pure BOPP films. At a low electric field of 200 kV/mm, the discharged energy storage density of BOPP/PVDF multilayer films increases to 1.02 and 0.99 J/cm3 at 100 and 125°C. (BOPP ~0.50 and 0.48 J/cm3@200 kV/mm). This work provides an efficient way to improve the high‐temperature energy storage density of BOPP films by constructing all‐organic multilayer structure.
A Late Holocene case study from south‐west France: Combining geomorphology and geophysics to understand archaeological site morphology
Authors: Larcanché Marie , Verdet Cécile , Sirieix Colette , Steinmann Ronan , Colin Sylvain , Mathé Vivien , Chevillot Christian , Matéo Sylvain , Houillon Nicolas , Hantrais Juliette , Hiriart Eneko
Published: September 2023

This article combining geophysics and archaeology aims to provide a more comprehensive characterization of the La Ruchelle valley located in the south of the Celtic site of La Peyrouse (Saint‐Félix‐de‐Villadeix, Dordogne, France) (occupied between the 3rd century BC and the 2nd century AD) through geological prospection (core sampling, geotechnical prospection and mechanical prospection) and near‐surface geophysics (electrical resistivity tomography). On this site, other studies have been carried out since the discovery of the site, such as magnetic prospecting and a hydrogeological study. Geophysical data coupled with geological prospection were used to understand the geology of the valley: (1) The bottom of the valley is filled with colluvium with a thickness of 6 m maximum; (2) part of the colluvium filling characterize by a very low resistivity is indeed archaeological remains; (3) three very distinct geological horizons have been detected—two of these horizons are characteristic of Campanian limestone (C6d and C6e), and the last consists of colluvium with a filling between 2 and 6 m in the centre of the valley, which is particularly thick. This last very thick formation is in fact filled with archaeological and prehistoric remains.
Die elektronische Wechselwirkung als Vorstufe chemischer Reaktionen zwischen Metallen und chemisorbierten Gasen
Authors: Suhrmann R. , Wedler G.
Published: September 2023

Die gleichzeitige Untersuchung der Veränderung des elektrischen Widerstandes und der photoelektrischen Empfindlichkeit dünner im Ultra‐Hochvakuum aufgedampfter Metallfilme durch Chemisorption von Gasen läßt auf die Art der Bindung schließen. Danach ähnelt die Bindung zwischen chemisorbierter Molekel und Adsorbens derjenigen einer chemischen Oberflächenverbindung. Während in qualitativer Hinsicht nur geringe Unterschiede bestehen, kann die Stärke der Bindung sehr verschieden sein.

Bei der Chemisorption wird Kohlenmonoxyd an Nickel vorwiegend mit der negativen Belegung nach außen gebunden, während gleichzeitig Metallelektronen in Richtung der Molekel stark beansprucht werden. An Kupfer hingegen erfolgt bei tiefen Temperaturen eine Vergrößerung der Elektronenkonzentration zwischen den beiden Partnern, verbunden mit einer starken Verschiebung von Metallelektronen zur Molekel hin und von Molekelelektronen in Richtung des Metalls; an Wismut sind zwei Bindungstypen nebeneinander anzunehmen.

Stickstoff wird an Nickel nur bei tiefen Temperaturen chemisorbiert, und zwar in ähnlicher Weise wie CO an Kupfer; die Beanspruchung der Metallelektronen ist jedoch schwacher. An Wolfram erfolgt bei 293°K eine schwache Dissoziation des Stickstoffs, die zu einer Bindung mit der negativen Belegung nach außen führt.

Sauerstoff dissoziiert an Nickel und Wolfram auch bei 90°K in Atome, die unter starker Beanspruchung von Metallelektronen mit der negativen Belegung nach außen gebunden sind. Auch an Wismut wirken die Sauerstoff‐Atome als Elektronenakzeptoren; gleichzeitig ist auch die Adsorption von molekularem Sauerstoff zu beobachten, der das Elektronen‐Austrittspotential der Wismut‐Oberfläche herabsetzt.

Die Adsorption von Wasserstoff an Wismut ist sehr gering und wahrscheinlich molekular. An den d‐Metallen Nickel und Platin liegen nebeneinander molekularer und atomarer Wasserstoff vor. Der letztere kann als H− chemisorbiert werden oder in Proton und Elektron dissoziieren. Hierbei vermag er in die Film‐Oberfläche einzudringen, bei Platin stärker als bei Nickel.
The Role of Spinel Oxides in the Oxidation of Iron and Its Alloys
Authors: Birchenall C. E.
Published: September 2023

Alloying elements in iron may decrease the rate of oxidation by lowering the composition range of wüstite or by eliminating it as a stable phase in the presence of the alloy and spinel phases. Additional protection may be obtained if the alloying element lowers the range of defect concentration in the spinel phase or decreases the ion mobilities. A sufficiently great decrease in mobilities of the cations may lead to anion control of the spinel growth rates. A working hypothesis to be used as a guide to diffusion studies in spinels is presented.
Parabolic Rate Constants and Diffusion Mechanisms in Oxides and Sulfides
Authors: Moore Walter J.
Published: September 2023

It is shown that the Wagner equation, K = \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \int\limits_{a_1 }^{a_2 } D $\end{document} D dlna, relating the parabolic rate constant K and the diffusion coefficient D of radioactive metal is equivalent to the proportionality between reaction rate and affinity, K = D̄A/kT, where D̄ is the average diffusion coefficient in the oxide layer. This is simply the equation postulated by irreversible thermodynamics for a reaction close to equilibrium. In the case of oxides with cationic vacancies, D = D0 P and K = nD0. It is suggested that the experimental data do not suffice to prove the proportionality K/A because the measurements have been restricted to oxygen pressures too far from equilibrium. The results are discussed of new diffusion experiments in the systems A g/Ag2S, Zn/ZnO, O/Cu2O, and possible mechanisms are proposed.
Über die Brauchbarkeit des Fuoss‐Kraus‐Verfahrens und des Additivitäts‐verfahrens nach Kohlrausch zur Auswertung von Leitfähigkeitsmessungen an schwachen Säuren in Wasser‐Methanol‐Mischungen
Authors: Kortüm G. , Wenck H.
Published: September 2023

Leitfähigkeiten von o‐Chlorbenzoesäure und Kalium‐o‐chlorbenzoat in Wasser, Methanol und Wasser‐Methanol‐Gemischen wurden gemessen. Die Meßergebnisse wurden nach dem Fuoss‐Kraus‐Verfahren mit und ohne Lösungsmittelkorrektur und nach einem Verfahren auf Grundlage des Additivitätsgesetzes von Kohlrausch ausgewertet. Eine ausführliche Fehlerbetrachtung zeigt die Problematik derartiger Messungen an schwachen Säuren. Das Additivitätsverfahren führt zu richtigeren Ergebnissen. Das Fuoss‐Kraus‐Verfahren ist bei schwachen Elektrolyten in Lösungsmitteln niederer Dielektrizitätskonstante überempfindlich gegen Schwankungen der Meßwerte und Solvenskorrekturen und liefert verzerrte Ergebnisse. Die Solvenskorrektur durch einfachen Abzug der Eigenleitfähigkeit des Lösungsmittels ist nicht ausreichend, weil die Ursachen dieser Leitfähigkeit nicht bekannt sind, und führt deshalb nur zu einer relativen Verbesserung der Ergebnisse.

Die bei 1,2,6‐Dinitrophenol bereits beobachtete Konzentrationsabhängigkeit der thermodynamischen Dissoziationskonstanten wurde in geringerem Grade auch bei o‐Chlorbenzoesäure gefunden. Diese Inkonstanz ist wahrscheinlich gleichfalls eine Folge der zu groben Lösungsmittelkorrektur.

Die Leitfähigkeit des o‐chlorbenzoesauren Kaliums folgt dem Quadratwurzelgesetz. Die experimentelle Grenzneigung ist in Wasser geringfügig, in Methanol und Wasser‐Methanol‐Gemischen aber beträchtlich geringer als die theoretische nach Debye‐Hückel‐Onsager.
Berechnung der Lösungsentropie des Wasserstoffs in flüssigen Metallen und Nickellegierungen
Authors: Schenck Hermann , Lange Klaus W.
Published: September 2023

Die Standardlösungsentropie des Wasserstoffs in flüssigen Metallen und Nickellegierungen wird mittels Modellvorstellungen und der statistischen Thermodynamik absolut berechnet. Für flüssige Lösungen nähert sich die experimentelle Lösungsentropie der theoretischen recht gut an. In ausreichend überhitzten flüssigen Metallen und Metallegierungen sind gelöste Wasserstoffatome anscheinend wie ein Quasigas frei beweglich.
The expression pattern of cytokeratin 6a in epithelial cells of different origin in dermo‐epidermal skin substitutes in vivo
Authors: Michalak‐Micka Katarzyna , Tenini Celina , Böttcher‐Haberzeth Sophie , Mazzone Luca , Pontiggia Luca , Klar Agnes S. , Moehrlen Ueli , Biedermann Thomas
Published: September 2023

Keratinocytes are the predominant cell type of skin epidermis. Through the programmed process of differentiation, they form a cornified envelope that provides a physical protective barrier against harmful external environment. Keratins are major structural proteins of keratinocytes that together with actin filaments and microtubules form the cytoskeleton of these cells. In this study, we examined the expression pattern and distribution of cytokeratin 6a (CK6a) in healthy human skin samples of different body locations, in fetal and scar skin samples, as well as in dermo‐epidermal skin substitutes (DESSs). We observed that CK6a expression is significantly upregulated in fetal skin and scar tissue as well as in skin grafts after short‐term transplantation. Importantly, the abundance of CK6a corresponds directly to the expression pattern of wound healing marker CK16. We postulate that CK6a is a useful marker to accurately evaluate the homeostatic state of DESSs.
Automated and continuous assessment implementation in a programming course
Authors: Calderon Kevin , Serrano Nicolás , Blanco Carmen , Gutierrez Iñigo
Published: September 2023

Continuous assessment is an assessment methodology whose objective is to assess students on an ongoing basis. However, designing, organizing, correcting, and evaluating continuous assessment increases the workload of teachers. Moreover, this methodology may not promote deep learning if it is not implemented properly. In this study, we implemented continuous assessment in an undergraduate programming subject using an automated assessment tool to reduce the workload of professors. We used design‐based research (DBR) to implement a prototype of assessment methodology which includes an automated assessment tool developed by our research group. DBR provides us with a scientific background for this implementation through an iterative process in which we progressively come to assess all the activities that students perform in the course. In the different iterations of this process, we have collected students' final and project grades, and their opinions through surveys about the assessments we have implemented. These results allow us to demonstrate that the performance of at least two types of students improves after the implementation of continuous assessment, while at the same time, the depth of learning in the class is not affected. We have also found that students are more motivated and committed to the course when continuous assessment is used as they prefer automated assessment over the traditional exercises. In addition, the implementation of the continuous assessment has shown us some unexpected outcomes about flexibility in methodology design, collection of large amounts of data from the learning process, and students acquiring useful skills for programming. In reality, this can result in students gaining deeper knowledge if they are confronted with a greater number of situations during this time in which they test their knowledge.
Initial treatment for FIGO 2018 stage IIIC cervical cancer based on histological type: A 14‐year multicenter study
Authors: Ye Yanna , Zhang Guochao , Li Zhiqiang , Chen Biliang , Zhao Hongwei , Yang Ying , Wang Li , Yao Jilong , Chen Xiaolin , Huang Yahong , Lang Jinghe , Liu Ping , Chen Chunlin
Published: September 2023

Background

To compare the oncological outcomes of radical chemotherapy (R‐CT), abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH), and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgery (NACT) for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2018 stage IIIC cervical cancer, according to histological types: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC)/adenosquamous cell carcinoma (ASC).

Methods

A comparison of 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) was performed for the SCC and AC/ASC subgroups for the three initial treatments, assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and validated using propensity score matching (PSM).

Results

The study included 4086 patients: R‐CT, n = 1913; ARH, n = 1529; and NACT, n = 644. AC/ASC had a lower survival rate (63.7%) than SCC (73.6%) and a higher recurrence and mortality rate (36.3% and 26.4%, respectively). The 5‐year OS and DFS rates were different in the SCC group for R‐CT, ARH, and NACT (OS: 69.8% vs. 80.8% vs. 73.0%, p < 0.001; DFS: 66.7% vs. 70.7% vs. 56.4%, p < 0.001), also in the AC/ASC group (OS: 46.1% vs. 70.6% vs. 55.6%, p < 0.001; DFS: 42.7% vs. 64.6% vs. 40.8%, p < 0.001). As for initial treatment, survival outcomes were worse for AC/ASC treated with R‐CT and ARH than for SCC (both p < 0.05), with no group differences between the two treated with NACT.

Conclusion

Initial treatment influences oncological prognosis for patients with FIGO 2018 stage IIIC cervical cancer. ARH is an alternative treatment for stage IIIC cervical SCC and AC/ASC, and NACT needs to be chosen with caution, moreover, R‐CT for AC/ASC requires careful selection.
Do the importance of influencer‐ and customer‐generated content on social media affect willingness to pay more for potential customers?
Authors: Tuncer İlhami , Kartal Ahmet Selim
Published: September 2023

The number of social media platforms and users have reached significant amounts. Users can interact with millions of other users by sharing their experiences and evaluations concerning the product/service they purchased on social media. This social media sharing can hence affect the purchasing decision processes of potential customers who are searching for information. Moreover, sharing from different sources such as influencers and customers may create differences in the importance the potential consumer attaches to the shared content. Since there is there is a gap in the existing literature, there is a need to explore these relationships. Consequently, we examined the relationship between information quality, willingness to pay more (WPM), source credibility, the importance attached to participant sharing (IPS), and the importance attached to non‐participant sharing (INPS). A questionnaire designed to test this relationship was administered to 323 participants; the obtained data was then analyzed using partial least squares path modeling. According to the analysis results, we noted the emergence of a positive association of information quality with INPS and IPS (posts by both customers and influencers). In contrast, we discovered a relationship of source credibility with INPS (posts by both customers and influencers) and IPS (posts by influencers). In addition, the positive association of INPS (posts by both customers and influencers) and WPM was confirmed. These main findings indicate that e‐commerce companies should persuade and encourage their customers and influencers to post from their profiles.
High‐Resolution X‐ray Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy for Detailed Analysis of New CO2 Methanation Catalysts
Authors: Strübbe Sven , Nowakowski Michal , Schoch Roland , Bauer Matthias
Published: September 2023

A new approach for the characterization of CO2 methanation catalysts prepared by thermal decomposition of a nickel MOF by hard X‐ray photon‐in/photon‐out spectroscopy in form of high energy resolution fluorescence detected X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (HERFD‐XANES) and valence‐to‐core X‐ray emission (VtC‐XES) is presented. In contrast to conventional X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, the increased resolution of both methods allows a more precise phase determination of the final catalyst, which is influenced by the conditions during MOF decomposition.
Preferred treatment focus among college students with eating disorders and comorbid mental health problems in a digital cognitive‐behavioral guided self‐help program
Authors: D'Adamo Laura , Grammer Anne Claire , Rackoff Gavin N. , Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Lipson Sarah Ketchen , Newman Michelle G. , Taylor C. Barr , Eisenberg Daniel , Wilfley Denise E.
Published: September 2023

Objective

To examine the mental health problems that college students with eating disorders (EDs) and comorbid depression and/or anxiety disorders preferred to target first in a digital treatment program and explore correlates of preferred treatment focus.

Methods

Four hundred and eighty nine college student users of a digital cognitive‐behavioral guided self‐help program targeting common mental health problems (76.7% female, Mage = 20.4 ± 4.4, 64.8% White) screened positive for an ED and ≥one other clinical mental health problem (i.e., depression, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and/or panic disorder). Students also reported on insomnia, post‐traumatic stress, alcohol use, and suicide risk. Before treatment, they indicated the mental health problem that they preferred to target first in treatment. Preferred treatment focus was characterized by diagnostic profile (i.e., ED + Depression, ED + Anxiety, ED + Depression + Anxiety), symptom severity, and demographics.

Results

58% of students with ED + Anxiety, 47% of those with ED + Depression, and 27% of those with ED + Depression + Anxiety chose to target EDs first. Across diagnostic profiles, those who chose to target EDs first had more severe ED symptoms than those who chose to target anxiety or depression (ps < .05). Among students with ED + Depression + Anxiety, those who chose to target EDs first had lower depression symptoms than those who chose to target depression, lower generalized anxiety than those who chose to target anxiety, and lower suicidality than those who chose to target anxiety or depression (ps < .01).

Conclusions

Students with EDs and comorbid depression and/or anxiety disorders showed variable preferred treatment focus across diagnostic profiles. Research should explore specific symptom presentations associated with preferred treatment focus.

Public Significance

Findings indicate that a sizable percentage of college students with depression/anxiety who also have EDs prefer to target EDs first in treatment, highlighting the importance of increasing availability of ED interventions to college students. Students with EDs and comorbid depression and/or anxiety disorders showed variable preferred treatment focus across diagnostic profiles, and preference to target EDs was associated with greater ED psychopathology across diagnostic profiles.
The unimodal intransitivity–fertility relationship is not mediated by demographic trade‐offs in a subtropical forest
Authors: Huang Zhengliang , Li Yuanzhi , Wang Weitao , Li Buhang , Luo Wenqi , Wang Youshi , Chu Chengjin
Published: September 2023

Intransitive competition has long been acknowledged as a potential mechanism favoring species coexistence. However, its prevalence, variance along environmental gradients, and possible underlying mechanisms (trade‐offs) in plant communities (especially in forests) has seldom been examined. A recently developed “reverse‐engineering” approach based on Markov Chain allowed us to estimate the competitive transition matrices and competitive intransitivity from observational abundance data. Using this approach, we estimated competitive intransitivity of five dominant species in a subtropical forest and then related it to soil fertility (soil organic matter and soil pH) and demographic trade‐offs (growth–survival and stature–recruitment trade‐offs). In our forest plot, intransitive competition was common among the dominant species and peaked at the intermediate level of soil organic matter. Neither the growth–survival trade‐off nor the stature–recruitment trade‐off was positively related to competitive intransitivity. Our study for the first time empirically supported the unimodal intransitivity–fertility relationship in forests, which, however, was not mediated by the two demographic trade‐offs in our plot.
A systematic review of the normal tissue complication probability models and parameters: Head and neck cancers treated with conformal radiotherapy
Authors: Tajiki Sareh , Joya Musa , Gharekhani Vahideh , Richeson Dylan , Gholami Somayeh
Published: September 2023

This systematic review study aims to provide comprehensive data on different radiobiological models, parameters, and endpoints used for calculating the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) based on clinical data from head and neck cancer patients treated with conformal radiotherapy. A systematic literature search was carried out according to the PRISMA guideline for the identification of relevant publications in six electronic databases of Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to July 2022 using specific keywords in the paper's title and abstract. The initial search resulted in 1368 articles for all organs for the review article about the NTCP parameters. One hundred and seventy‐eight articles were accepted for all organs with complete parameters for the mentioned models and finally, 20 head and neck cancer articles were accepted for review. Analysis of the studies shows that the Lyman‐Kutcher‐Burman (LKB) model properly links the NTCP curve parameters to the postradiotherapy endpoints. In the LKB model for esophagus, the minimum, and maximum corresponding parameters were reported as TD50 = 2.61 Gy with grade ≥3 radiation‐induced esophagitis endpoints as the minimum TD50 and TD50 = 68 Gy as the maximum ones. nmin = 0.06, nmax = 1.04, mmin = 0.1, and mmax = 0.65, respectively. Unfortunately, there was not a wide range of published articles on other organs at risk like ear or cauda equina except Burman et al. (Fitting of normal tissue tolerance data to an analytic function. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys Ther. 1991;21:123–135). Findings suggest that the validation of different radiobiological models and their corresponding parameters need to be investigated in vivo and in vitro for developing a more accurate NTCP model to be used for radiotherapy treatment planning optimization.
Effect of distance of treatment center on survival for HPV‐negative head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Farquhar Douglas R. , Masood Maheer M. , Lenze Nicholas R. , Tasoulas Jason , Sheth Siddharth , Lumley Catherine , Blumberg Jeffrey , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Zevallos Jose , Weissler Mark C. , Zanation Adam M. , Hackman Trevor G. , Olshan Andrew F.
Published: September 2023

Background

In rural states, travel burden for complex cancer care required for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) may affect patient survival, but its impact is unknown.

Methods

Patients with HPV‐negative HNSCC were retrospectively identified from a statewide, population‐based study. Euclidian distance from the home address to the treatment center was calculated for radiation therapy, surgery, and chemotherapy. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the risk of 5‐year mortality with increasing travel quartiles.

Results

There were 936 patients with HPV‐negative HNSCC with a mean age of 60. Patients traveled a median distance of 10.2, 11.1, and 10.9 miles to receive radiation therapy, surgery, and chemotherapy, respectively. Patients in the fourth distance quartile were more likely to live in a rural location (p < 0.001) and receive treatment at an academic hospital (p < 0.001). Adjusted overall survival (OS) improved proportionally to distance traveled, with improved OS remaining significant for patients who traveled the furthest for care (third and fourth quartile by distance). Relative to patients in the first quartile, patients in the fourth had a reduced risk of mortality with radiation (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42–0.83; p = 0.002), surgery (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30–0.75; p = 0.001), and chemotherapy (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.35–0.91; p = 0.020).

Conclusion

For patients in this population‐based cohort, those traveling greater distances for treatment of HPV‐negative HNSCC had improved OS. This analysis suggests that the benefits of coordinated, multidisciplinary care may outweigh the barriers of travel burden for these patients.
A Double‐Blind Study Comparing Two Single‐Dose Regimens of Ketorolac with Diclofenac in Pain Due to Cancer
Authors: Minotti Vincenzo , Betti Maura , Ciccarese Gianni , Fumi Guglielmo , Tonato Maurizio , Del Favero Albano
Published: September 2023

Study Objective. To compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of two single doses of ketorolac with diclofenac in acute cancer pain.

Design. Double‐blind, randomized, clinical study.

Setting. Hospital‐based clinical research center.

Subjects. One hundred eighty patients suffering acute, moderate, or severe cancer pain.

Interventions. A single intramuscular injection of ketorolac 10 or 30 mg or diclofenac 75 mg.

Measurements and Main Results. Pain intensity was assessed 30 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after injection or until rescue drug administration. In approximately 70% of patients all treatments provided prompt sustained pain relief throughout the 6‐hour observation period. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the analyzed efficacy measures among the three groups.

Conclusion. Intramuscular ketorolac 10 mg is adequate to relieve cancer pain, and is equivalent to ketorolac 30 mg and to diclofenac 75 mg.