bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Sense of Distance and the Perception of the Other
Authors: Blanks David
Published: September 2019

The following is a broad reflection on medieval travel and the ways in which western Christians encountered and imagined non-Christians and non-Europeans. It is interdisciplinary and multivalent, and it considers a variety of sources, both historical and literary, from the eleventh through the fifteenth centuries. An especial emphasis is placed upon the ways in which these sources—including material objects—were disseminated, “read,” and interpreted. In addition to presenting an overview of who travelled and why, where they went, and how they conveyed themselves, the principle aim of this essay is to demonstrate the wide variety of medieval responses to cross-cultural encounters. Medieval people were neither simplistic nor one-sided, and they often changed their minds, not only as the result of real-life interactions with foreign peoples, but also sometimes as the result of hearing or reading about them. Included are observations about the ways in which people at all levels of medieval society, including the illiterate and untraveled, perceived the “other.”
Indigenous Scripts in Mesoamerica and the Andes
Authors: Arbeláez Santiago Muñoz
Published: September 2019

This essay reviews two recent contributions to the history of indigenous writing systems in Mesoamerica and the Andes: Gary Urton’s Inka History in Knots and Mary Miller and Barbara Mundy’s Painting a Map of Sixteenth-Century Mexico City.
Soundscapes of Labor and Belonging
Authors: Anguiano José
Published: September 2019

This paper examines how Mexican immigrant custodians at a public California university claim space, make themselves visible, and assert their dignity through their music and sound. A Latino Cultural Citizenship framework is utilized to connect listening practices to a wider socio-cultural context. As one of the fastest growing media formats in the U.S., Spanish-language radio can be heard as both a symbol of a changing America and a contested site of cultural exchange where Latinos negotiate an audible presence. Through in-depth interviews and ethnographic data collection, respondents addressed how listening to Spanish-language radio impacted their work life and their sense of belonging in their local communities. Workers gave testimonies on navigating the “sonic color line” at work and home that policed their bodies and sounds.
Why Don’t We Get Drunk and Screw?
Authors: Lin Rebecca , Rasmussen Eric
Published: September 2019

The current study incorporates a radical feminist framework to analyze the portrayal of women in relation to both sex and alcohol in country music. Two coders analyzed the top 50 Billboard country songs for each year from 1990 to 1994, 2000-2004, and 2010-2014 (n = 750) for references to women in association with sex and alcohol. Seventeen percent of the songs referred to sex in relation to women, 20% referred to alcohol in relation to women, and 6% referred to both sex and alcohol in relation to women. Songs in the 2010s were more likely to refer to women in conjunction with sex and alcohol than songs in the 2000s and 1990s. References to women in association with sex and alcohol were more likely to be sung by men, not women, suggesting a pattern driven by patriarchy.
The Colors and Flavors of My Puerto Rico
Authors: Rivera-Rideau Petra , Torres-Leschnik Jericko
Published: September 2019

Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee’s song “Despacito” shattered numerous records to become one of the most successful Spanish-language songs in U.S. pop music history. Declared 2017’s “Song of the Summer,” the “Despacito” remix featuring Justin Bieber prompted discussions about the racial dynamics of crossover for Latin music and Latina/o artists. However, little attention was paid to the ways that “Despacito”’s success in the Latin music market demonstrated similar racial dynamics within Latin music, especially in the song’s engagement with reggaeton, a genre originally associated with Black and working-class communities. This paper examines the racial politics that surround “Despacito”’s success in both the Latin mainstream and the U.S. mainstream. We argue that “Despacito” reinforces stereotypes of blackness in the Latin mainstream in ways that facilitate reggaeton’s crossover. In turn, Fonsi himself becomes attributed with similar stereotypes, especially around hypersexuality, that represent him as a tropical Latina/o racialized other in the United States. Through close readings of media coverage of “Despacito” alongside the song’s music video, we argue that it is critical to look at “Despacito”’s success in both the Latin mainstream and the U.S. mainstream in order to examine the complex and contradictory process of crossing over.
Chitown Loves You
Authors: Villanueva George
Published: September 2019

Donald Trump’s 2016 presidential campaign rhetoric about violence in Chicago spatialized a narrative that branded the city as the poster child of urban disarray. His bombast lacked any contextual understanding of the issue and offered no productive pathways for collective solutions. Alternatively, I argue in this paper that a rising collection of Chicago hip hop artists were producing musical discourses in 2016 that not only challenged Trump’s negative rants, but also spatialized a multilayered narrative of the intersections between hip hop and activism in the city. Through textual analysis of three tracks from three breakout artists in 2016, my goal is to show how hip hop enables audiences to imagine Chicago’s 1) structural resistance to violence in the city’s communities of color, 2) a sense of place and belonging among the city’s youth, and 3) a loving and unapologetic “black liberation” lens to social movements in the city.
The Master of Mystery
Authors: O’Grady Pat
Published: September 2019

Over the past twenty years, the field of popular music studies has significantly enhanced our understanding of pop music production. Studies have drawn from a range of industry discussions to explore, for example, the ways in which emergent technologies have led to distinctive production techniques and the important role that recording technologies play in shaping the sound of pop music. Whereas many industry discussions have provided productive sites of analysis, they can also obstruct research in some respects. This article focuses on an area of music production where such industrial discussions tend to hinder, rather than enhance, an understanding of its practices. It examines the ways in which industry discussions position the process of mastering as “mysterious.” This article argues representations of mastering as “mysterious” work to reinforce the importance of this practice and also safeguard it from new technologies that might challenge its dominance. These representations can function to reproduce and secure social hierarchies within the field.
What Makes It Sound ’80s?
Authors: Lavengood Megan
Published: September 2019

Popular music of the 1980s is remembered today as having a “sound” that is somehow unified and generalizable. The ’80s sound is tied to the electric piano preset of the Yamaha DX7 synthesizer. Not only was this preset (E. PIANO 1) astonishingly prevalent—heard in up to 61% of #1 hits on the pop, country, and R&B Billboard charts in 1986—but the timbre of E. PIANO 1 also encapsulates two crucial aspects of a distinctly ’80s sound in microcosm: one, technological associations with digital FM synthesis and the Yamaha DX7 as a groundbreaking ’80s synthesizer; and two, cultural positioning in a greater lineage of popular music history. This article analyzes the timbre of E. PIANO 1 by combining ethnographic study of musician language with visual analysis of spectrograms, a novel combination of techniques that links acoustic specificity with social context. The web of connections created by the use and re-use of DX7 presets like E. PIANO 1, among hundreds or maybe thousands of different tracks and across genres, is something that allows modern listeners to abstract a unified notion of the “’80s sound” from a diverse and eclectic repertoire of songs produced in the 1980s.
Juridical Reviews on Branchless Banking Toward the Potential of Fraud Due to the Using of Agent
Authors: Winarsih Winarsih
Published: September 2019

Branchless banking is a new system which is implemented by banks in Indonesiawith aims to provide services to rural communities in order to access bankingservices such as lending or deposit money in the bank through an intermediaryagent. At first the rural communities are hard to obtain banking facilities such asmicro-credit whereas economic activities are largely actuated by lower-classsector therefore the Financial Services Authority or Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK)issued the regulation number. 19/POJK.03/2014 about the financial serviceswithout office in the framework of financial inclusion on November 18, 2014 toface it. In this regulation, there are several things that need to be reviewed suchassessment accountability arrangements of agent as a third party who is notclearly regulated whereas according to some research there are some risk in themechanism of implementation like as potential of fraud due to the using of agentin this system. Though basically branchless banking is one of the strategicnational strategies to provide financing to small businesses in rural areas in orderto increase the competitiveness of products to compete in the ASEAN economiccommunity. Therefore, a legal instrument that can ensure and provide legalcertainty in branchless banking system is a very important thing, more overbranchless banking is the strategic of government to develop the quality of therural economy to face the ASEAN economic community.
ONLINE BUYING AND SELLING TRANSACTIONS UNDER INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Ikhsan
Published: September 2019

Development of business transactions especially buying and selling has globally impact to daily activities, and in modern era it disrupted by technology. Distance and time was no longer an obstacle in terms of getting the desired goods or services. The buying and selling transaction is then called online buying and selling transaction, a term commonly used by business actors in Indonesia and even the world. Civilizations and actions of a person change drastically in fulfilling his desire to get something what he wants. The online buying and selling transaction is even considered the 5th Industrial Revolution for the order of trade and industrial civilization in the world today. This paper will see and examine online buying and selling transactions from the perspective of the International Private Law, because it is not impossible this online buying and selling transactions cross the border of the country. It is hoped that this paper will give different insight and perspective for readers about online transaction.
Pola Persaingan Antara Hukum dengan Politik dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan
Authors: Anggraeni Ricca
Published: September 2019

Hirarki peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia, secara normatif diatur dalam suatu peraturan perundang-undangan mulai tahun 1966 sampai dengan tahun 2011. Hal ini mengukuhkan bangunan hukum positif di Indonesia. Pancasila sebagai Grundnorm ditempatkan sebagai norma yang memiliki realitas ideal yang diidentikkan dengan keadilan. Berbeda dengan Staatsfundamentalnorm, yang menempatkan Pancasila sebagai ideologi untuk melegitimasi atau membatalkan suatu produk hukum. Oleh karena itu, pembentuk undang-undang ketika bersinggungan dengan persoalan politik, maka harus menempatkan Pancasila sebagai ideologi untuk membuat hukum yang dianggap adil. Paper ini akan menganalisis apakah Pancasila sebagai Grundnorm atau Staatsfundamentalnorm membawa persaingan antara politik dan hukum, sehingga menjadi bias keadilan; bagaimana pola persaingan antara hukum dengan politik dalam pembentukan undang-undang; dan apakah pola persaingan itu menempatkan Pancasila dalam realitas ideal sekaligus ideologi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum doktrinal, karena bukan hanya berorientasi pada norma, melainkan juga pada prinsip dan doktrin untuk menganalisis pola persaingan antara politik dan hukum dalam pembentukan undang-undang.The hierarchy of Indonesian laws, normatively regulated in a legislation from 1966 to 2011. This confirms the building of positive law in Indonesia. Pancasila as a Grundnorm is placed as a norm that has an ideal reality that is identified with justice. In contrast to Staatsfundamentalnorm, which places Pancasila as an ideology to legitimize or cancel a legal product. Therefore, the legislator when it comes to political issues, then must place Pancasila as an ideology to make law that is considered fair. This paper will analyze whether Pancasila as a Grundnorm or a Staatsfundamentalnorm brings competition between politics and law, so that it becomes a bias of justice; How the pattern of competition between law and politics in the formation of laws; And whether the pattern of competition puts Pancasila in both ideal and ideological reality. The research method used is doctrinal legal research, because not only oriented to the norm, but also on principles and doctrines to analyze the pattern of competition between politics and law in the formation of laws.
Penerapan Teori-Teori Kriminologi dalam Penanggulangan Kejahatan Siber (Cyber Crime)
Authors: Djanggih Hardianto , Qamar Nurul
Published: September 2019

Artikel ini membahas masalah penanggulangan kejahatan siber (cyber crime) melalui pendekatan teori-teori kriminologi. Hal tersebut penting untuk memahami kejahatan siber dari segi karakteristik kejahatan dan penjahat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni metode penelitian yang bersifat yuridis-empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat teori yang dapat digunakan menganalisis kejahatan siber (cyber crime), yaitu anomi, asosiasi diferensial, kontrol sosial, dan netralisasi. Teori tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai strategi pencegahan dan penindakan kejahatan siber (cyber crime) sebagai kejahatan yang dihasilkan melalui interaksi anggota mayarakat memerlukan penanganan serius baik oleh masyarakat, penegak hukum dan perumusan perundangan-undangan. Agar kebijakan memerangi kejahatan siber (cyber crime) tepat guna dan berhasil guna, maka para pihak perlu memperhatikan hasil kajian cyber crime dari perspektif kriminologi.This article discusses the problem of cyber crime through the approach of criminology theories. It is important to understand cyber crime in terms of the characteristics of crime and criminals. The research method used is research method that is juridical-empirical. The results show that there are four theories that can be used to analyze cyber crime, namely anomy, differential association, social control, and neutralization. The theory can be used as a cyber crime prevention and crime prevention strategy as a crime generated through the interaction of members of the community requires serious handling by the community, law enforcement and the formulation of legislation. In order for the policy to combat cyber crime to be effective and effective, the parties need to pay attention to the results of the cyber crime study from the perspective of criminology.
Kebijakan Travel Warning dan Pembatasan Hak Berwisata
Authors: Arsika I Made Budi , Jaya Ida Bagus Surya Dharma , Satyawati Ni Gusti Ayu Dyah
Published: September 2019

Penerbitan travel warning oleh suatu negara secara faktual berdampak pada tingkat kunjungan wisata ke negara yang dituju. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mengenai praktik negara-negara, termasuk Indonesia, dalam menerapkan kebijakan travel warning. Selain itu, juga secara spesifik akan membahas korelasi antara kebijakan travel warning dengan eksistensi hak berwisata (right to tourism) dalam kerangka hak asasi manusia (HAM). Jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis-normatif yang utamanya menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan nasional Indonesia dan instrumen internasional yang relevan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik negara-negara dalam dalam penerbitan kebijakan travel warning menunjukkan variasi yang relatif beragam, terutama berkaitan dengan identifikasi risiko dan lembaga yang berwenang untuk menyampaikan imbauan perjalanan. Berkaitan dengan eksistensi hak berwisata (right to tourism) dalam kerangka HAM, kebijakan travel warning merupakan implementasi dari kewajiban negara untuk melindungi warga negaranya ketika mereka berada di luar negeri sekaligus merefleksikan tindakan negara untuk menjamin terpenuhinya hak-hak mendasar warga negaranya. Adapun pembatasan hak berwisata oleh negara sesungguhnya dilakukan dalam rangka menjamin terpenuhinya jenis HAM lain yang jauh lebih mendasar dibandingkan dengan pemenuhan hak berwisata yang justru masih dikategorikan sebagai HAM generasi ketiga dan eksistensinya masih diperdebatkan.The publication of travel warning by a country factually impacts the level of tourist visit to the destination country. This study aims to analyze the practice of countries, including Indonesia, in applying travel warning policy. In addition, also specifically will discuss the correlation between travel warning policy with the existence of rights of travel (right to tourism) within the framework of human rights (HAM). This type of research is juridical-normative which primarily analyzes Indonesian national legislation and relevant international instruments. The results of this study indicate that the practice of countries in the issuance of travel warning policy shows a relatively diverse variety, mainly related to the identification of risks and institutions authorized to deliver travel appeals. In relation to the existence of the right of tourism within the human rights framework, the travel warning policy is the implementation of the state’s obligation to protect its citizens while abroad while reflecting the state’s actions to ensure the fulfillment of the fundamental rights of its citizens. The limitation of travel rights by the state is actually done in order to guarantee the fulfillment of other types of human rights that are far more fundamental than the fulfillment of travel rights that are still categorized as third-generation human rights and its existence is still disputed.
Paradigma Aparatur Desa dalam Penggunaan Dana Desa untuk Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
Authors: Syafingi Habib Muhsin , Dewi Dyah Adriantini Sintha , Aji Alan Bayu
Published: September 2019

Penggunaan dana desa secara umum untuk Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Desa, Pelaksanaaan Pembangunan Desa, Pembinaan Kemasyarakatan dan untuk Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa. Dari keempat bidang tersebut, penggunaanya diprioritaskan untuk kegiatan pembangunan dan pemberdayaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan dana desa untuk pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan mengambil studi kasus di Kecamatan Borobudur, Magelang, Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian yuridis-normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa paradigma Undang-undang yang dianut oleh pemerintah desa dalam memahami ketentuan tentang penggunaan dana desa untuk kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat telah melahirkan jenis-jenis kegiatan pemberdayaan yang limitatif pada kegiatan pelatihan, kegiatan keagamaan, bantuan keuanga dan penyertaan modal. Apabila pemberdayaan difahami sebagai strategi pembangunan maka jenis-jenis kegiatan pemberdayaan akan lebih variatif dan dapat menjangkau berbagai kegiatan yang selama ini dimasukan dalam bidang pembangunan. Chamber mengidentifikasi 4 prasarat kegiatan pemberdayaan, yaitu people centered, participatory, empowerment and sustainable. Apabila pendekatan chamber ini dipergunakan maka penggunaan dana desa akan lebih membawa dampak yang lebih besar. Dana desa tidak hanya akan difahami sebagai bantuan/hibah dari pemerintah pusat namun lebih pada stimulant pembangunan yang menuntut adanya partisipasi maupun swadaya dari masyarakat.The use of village funds is generally used for the Implementation of Village Government, Implementation of Village Development, Community Development and for the Empowerment of Village Communities. From these four pillars, the use is prioritized for development and empowerment activities. This research intended to analyses the use of village funds to conduct community development, by taking case in the Borobudur Subdistrict, Magelang, Central Java. The result of this study indicates that the paradigm of the law adopted by the village government in understanding the provisions on the use of village funds for community empowerment activities has given birth to limited types of empowerment activities in training activities, religious activities, financial assistance and equity participation. If empowerment is understood as a development strategy, then the types of empowerment activities will be more varied and can reach various activities that have been included in the field of development. Chamber identifies 4 principles of empowerment activities, namely people centred, participatory, empowerment and sustainable. If this chamber approach is used then the use of village funds will have a greater impact. Village funds will not only be understood as assistance / grants from the central government but rather to development stimulants that demand participation and self-help from the community.
Reformulasi Pidana Pengganti Denda dalam Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang di Indonesia
Authors: Pradipta Mulia Agung
Published: September 2019

Tulisan ini menggagas reformulasi pidana pengganti denda dalam UU TPPU. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa UU TPPU tidak mengatur mengenai lamanya pidana kurungan pengganti apabila pidana denda telah dibayarkan sebagian oleh terpidana baik orang atau Korporasi. Oleh sebab itu, penentuan lamanya pidana kurungan pengganti tersebut mengacu kepada Pasal 30 ayat (4) KUHP. Terkait hal itu, maka implikasi lamanya pidana kurungan pengganti yang harus dijalani akan melebihi 1 tahun 4 bulan sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 8 UU TPPU. Reformulasi pidana pengganti denda yang lebih tepat dalam UU TPPU yaitu pengambilan harta kekayaan atau pendapatan terpidana, apabila tidak mencukupi maka terpidana wajib mencicil pidana dendanya, dan apabila terpidana tidak membayar pidana denda tersebut dengan mencicil maka diganti dengan pidana penjara paling sedikit 1 tahun dan paling lama sebagaimana diancamkan untuk tindak pidana yang bersangkuan.This paper initiates a reformulation of the substitute criminal fines of Money Laundering Criminal Law (Act of TPPU). This research method used normative juridical. The result of this study indicates that in Act of TPPU does not regulate duration for alternative sentence if the fine has been partially paid by the convicted person or corporation, the duration is determined by Article 30 paragraph (4) of the Criminal Code. Meanwhile, that the duration will exceed 1 year and 4 months as stipulated in Article 8 of this law. More appropriate reformulation of substitute criminal fines in Act of TPPU is seizing assets or revenues of convicted. If it is insufficient, the convicted must pay it in installments. If the convicted does not pay in installment, the criminal fines is replaced with imprisonment of at least 1 year and the longest is sentenced for its criminal act.
Demarcation of public and private in the discursive governance area
Authors: Карнаухова М. Д.
Published: September 2019

The basic dichotomy of the public / private is analyzed in the context of the governance discourse functionality. Various assessments of private and public discourse, as well as governance discourse, rooted in different traditions of their understanding are identified. The article analyses the basic dichotomy of public / private in the context of the functionality of management discourse. It identifies different assessments of private and public discourses, as well as management discourse, rooted in different traditions of their comprehension.The subject lies in the concept of the discursive space of public governance as a polyphonic network of communicative events. It represents the mutual influence of power institutions, group agents of the management sphere and autonomous political actors. The discursive space is categorised in signs of management discourse: verbal and nonverbal; rich with information and factual (contact-making); figurative and abstractive; emotionally neutral and able to cause strong emotions; different by nature of referencing and functional orientation. Also, it defines the main types of its presentation: narratives with suggestive guidelines, which articulate social problems, and suggest ways to solve them.We analysed privacy (territoriality of a person) as a sociocultural phenomenon, which preservation in the transparent world of digital communications is becoming more problematic, requires interdisciplinary research and regulatory regulation. It has been found that the forceful transfer of the principles of private life into the public sphere, the replacement of public order with the private order, leads to their distortion, the priority of informal rules over formal ones, when the public space is getting filled with mysterious relationships with «insiders» and their personal interests.Finally, we revealed the essence of the idea of a new state management (NPM), which is based on the possibility of applying business management techniques to public administration. Although NPM is recognised as insufficient for a public administration system nowadays, it still is, however, considered partially effective and its elements are present in the strategic course of Ukraine.
Problems of realization of political and administrative reformation of public administration management system
Authors: Сак Ю. А.
Published: September 2019

Political and administrative reform of the public administration system is the implementation of a setof public administration mechanisms aimed at modernizing and developing the public administrationsystem, optimizing public authorities and local self-government, changing communication between publicauthorities, forming an innovative model of public administration, and professionalizing the system of publicadministration directed on the formation of an efficient and effective system of public administration.The main problems of the implementation of the political and administrative reform of the publicadministration system should include the following:firstly, the absence of a substantiated and systematic Concept for the implementation of political andadministrative reform of the public administration system;secondly, the lack of specially trained personnel in the public administration system that are able to formulate and implement government-management decisions;thirdly, there are no systemic and optimal mechanisms for implementing the political and administrativereform of the public administration system;fourth, the lack of continuity in the implementation of reforms in society and their validity;fifth, the lack of scientifically substantiated models of the optimal system of public administration that canbe implemented in Ukraine;sixthly, the lack of a system for evaluating reforms in the public administration system;seventh, the slow struggle against corruption, affecting the quality of not only socio-economic reforms,but also reforming the system of public administration. Corruption not only impedes the development of theeconomy and civil society but also threatens modern reforms in Ukraine;eighth, the lack of political support for systemic reforms as the basis for the quality of such processes;ninth, lack of rationalization of the activities of state authorities and local self-government through therestructuring of the authorities and their optimization;tenth, the lack of information campaigns on the introduction of certain reforms, which negatively affectstheir perception by the population.
Transylvanian Folk Music in Zoltán Kodály's Compositions
Authors: Almási István
Published: September 2019

Zoltán Kodály became seriously interested in Transylvanian folk music when he had learnt about the results of Béla Bartók's collecting fieldworks in Székelyföld. The wealth of old-style tunes and classical ballads, and – above all – the recognition of the importance of pentatony inspired Kodály to take part personally in the exploration of Székely folk music. Székely musical folklore obviously intrigued him both as an ethnographer and as a composer. He collected nearly 600 tunes in 15 Székely localities in the Gyergyó Basin, the valley of the Kászon stream, and Bukovina. He arranged 66 of these melodies within such compositions as e.g. the Dances of Marosszék, the musical play The Spinning Room, Hungarian Folk Music (57 ballads and folk songs for voice and piano), Székely Lament for mixed voices, Bicinia Hungarica, Kádár Kata and Molnár Anna (both with chamber orchestra accompaniment), and Pentatonic Music. Apart from his own collection, he also used those of some of his contemporaries. The paper discusses the specificities of Kodály's techniques of arrangement. His inspiring advice for younger folklorists had an essential role in triggering the in-depth investigation of Central Transylvanian folk music.
Partial Label Learning with Self-Guided Retraining
Authors: Feng Lei , An Bo
Published: September 2019

Partial label learning deals with the problem where each training instance is assigned a set of candidate labels, only one of which is correct. This paper provides the first attempt to leverage the idea of self-training for dealing with partially labeled examples. Specifically, we propose a unified formulation with proper constraints to train the desired model and perform pseudo-labeling jointly. For pseudo-labeling, unlike traditional self-training that manually differentiates the ground-truth label with enough high confidence, we introduce the maximum infinity norm regularization on the modeling outputs to automatically achieve this consideratum, which results in a convex-concave optimization problem. We show that optimizing this convex-concave problem is equivalent to solving a set of quadratic programming (QP) problems. By proposing an upper-bound surrogate objective function, we turn to solving only one QP problem for improving the optimization efficiency. Extensive experiments on synthesized and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art partial label learning approaches.
Combined Reinforcement Learning via Abstract Representations
Authors: Francois-Lavet Vincent , Bengio Yoshua , Precup Doina , Pineau Joelle
Published: September 2019

In the quest for efficient and robust reinforcement learning methods, both model-free and model-based approaches offer advantages. In this paper we propose a new way of explicitly bridging both approaches via a shared low-dimensional learned encoding of the environment, meant to capture summarizing abstractions. We show that the modularity brought by this approach leads to good generalization while being computationally efficient, with planning happening in a smaller latent state space. In addition, this approach recovers a sufficient low-dimensional representation of the environment, which opens up new strategies for interpretable AI, exploration and transfer learning.
Temporal Anomaly Detection: Calibrating the Surprise
Authors: Gutflaish Eyal , Kontorovich Aryeh , Sabato Sivan , Biller Ofer , Sofer Oded
Published: September 2019

We propose a hybrid approach to temporal anomaly detection in access data of users to databases — or more generally, any kind of subject-object co-occurrence data. We consider a high-dimensional setting that also requires fast computation at test time. Our methodology identifies anomalies based on a single stationary model, instead of requiring a full temporal one, which would be prohibitive in this setting. We learn a low-rank stationary model from the training data, and then fit a regression model for predicting the expected likelihood score of normal access patterns in the future. The disparity between the predicted likelihood score and the observed one is used to assess the “surprise” at test time. This approach enables calibration of the anomaly score, so that time-varying normal behavior patterns are not considered anomalous. We provide a detailed description of the algorithm, including a convergence analysis, and report encouraging empirical results. One of the data sets that we tested is new for the public domain. It consists of two months’ worth of database access records from a live system. This data set and our code are publicly available at https://github.com/eyalgut/TLR anomaly detection.git.
Innovative accelerated construction method for Yushan Bridge, China
Authors: Wang Chang-jiang , Li Lei , Chen Xiang-yang , Bai Yu-dong
Published: September 2019

To overcome poor construction conditions, shorten construction time and improve project quality, the construction of Yushan Bridge in China is a fully industrialised, based on prefabrication of key components, site installation. The navigation span of the Yushan Bridge has a main span of 260 m and is the world's first segmented precast steel–concrete composite continuous-beam bridge. A new type of steel–concrete composite segment (a girder that connects the concrete box girders and the steel box girders) is used to ensure the bearing capacity and precision of closure. Thickened-edge U-shaped ribs and ultra-high-toughness concrete pavings are employed together to improve the durability of the orthotropic deck. A single-pile and single-column foundation is fully employed, with a maximum diameter of the steel composite pile (a pile that is outside is steel pipe, and the interior is filled with concrete) of 5 m. It is found that the construction time is reduced by 40%, the wave flow force is decreased by 80%, the scouring depth is decreased by 20% and the cost is reduced by 30% compared with group pilings. In addition, this method avoids durability problems of the pile cap due to group pilings. The use of a prefabricated exterior shell with cast-on-site concrete for the interior pier-top blocks of the 50 m non-navigation span solves the problems associated with the bearing force, durability, construction availability and quality control of the pier-top block.
Longitudinal wave speed in rectangular slabs with mixed restraints in lateral directions
Authors: Lim Teik-Cheng
Published: September 2019

Practical problems in structural elements are not confined to simple boundary conditions; often the boundary conditions are mixed. The question of longitudinal wave speed through a rectangular slab is solved herein for the case where the top and bottom surfaces are elastically restrained in the thickness direction while the side surfaces are fully constrained from motion in the width direction. Unlike the classical approach, the current analysis permits changes to the cross-sectional area and density of the considered elemental volume to be accounted for. While it is well established that the wave speed increases and decreases with Young's modulus and density, respectively, the present results additionally show that the wave speed increases with Poisson's ratio magnitude and stiffness of the elastic restraint acting in the thickness direction. Results also indicate that tensile and compressive strains tend to increase and decrease, respectively, the wave speed. The availability of more influencing parameters, arising from the removal of simplifying assumptions, paves a way to greater design options for the practising engineer.
Effect of nano-silica on the hydration and microstructure of grey and white cement
Authors: Zhang Ai , Ge Yong
Published: September 2019

This paper discusses the effects of nano-silica (NS) particles with an average diameter of 15 and 50 nm on the hydration, setting time, compressive strength, drying process and microstructure of grey and white cement. The cement was partially substituted by 1·0 wt% of NS. The results show that NS was able to promote cement hydration and shorten the induction period determined by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, and that the smaller the average particle size of NS, the shorter the setting time. The effect of NS on the improvement of compressive strength mainly manifested in the early stage (3 d). In addition, the introduction of NS with a diameter of 15 and 50 nm could reduce the water-loss rate of hardened samples during drying and decreased the porosity of the system. Furthermore, the content of calcium hydroxide was reduced by introducing NS particles measuring 15 and 50 nm in diameter. Finally, the addition of NS could refine the grain size and improve the morphology of calcium silicate hydrate gel.
Social and environmental aspects of housing developed for ‘slum’ dwellers in Africa
Authors: Adegun Olumuyiwa Bayode
Published: September 2019

Informal settlements in African cities are characterised by social and environmental problems. To address the living conditions, many African countries have been making attempts to provide housing for poor households in informal settlements, notably through relocation to newly developed housing. In this paper, housing developed for people who formerly lived in informal settlements within Addis Ababa and Johannesburg is considered in terms of their social and environmental dimensions. The two contexts highlight not only the crucial shortcomings of the ‘slum’ clearance and new housing development approach in terms of social capital, but also demonstrate that it comes with opportunities for environmental sustainability. The key takeaway is that improvements in informal settlements must be simultaneously directed at quality of life (in its entirety) and environmental quality.
Hormone therapy for premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer: combinations with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
Authors: Artamonova E. V. , Kovalenko E. I.
Published: September 2019

This article discusses the problems associated with the search of the most effective treatment strategies for HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer in premenopausal women. Until recently, ovarian suppression and hormone therapy had been the main treatments used in this group of patients. The development of palbociclib, called a “breakthrough therapy”, as well as promising results of trials evaluating the efficacy of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors added to hormone therapy in postmenopausal women suggested a need for the assessment of this treatment regimen in combination with ovarian suppression in younger patients.

According to the results of randomized trials and subgroup analysis, the addition of a CDK4/6 inhibitor to ovarian suppression and hormonal therapy significantly increases survival. The safety profile is similar to that of older patients. Randomized trials comparing the efficacy of palbociclib + ovarian suppression + aromatase inhibitor vs. chemotherapy in premenopausal women demonstrated significant benefits of a new treatment strategy: a CDK4/6 inhibitor as a part of combination therapy reduced the risk of progression by 36 % compared to capecitabine.
Efficiency Analysis of Solar Supported Integrated Water Heating-Distillation
Authors: EL Emin , ÇAKMAK Gülşah , YILDIZ Cengiz
Published: September 2019

In
the present study, a system that combines hot water collector and distiller for
the purpose of increasing efficiency in solar water heating systems and
simultaneously producing distilled water is designed. Obtained results are compared
with conventional solar distiller developed under the same conditions. It has
been determined that in the distiller system connected with hot water
collector, daily distilled water amount is 7924 ml, 4610 ml of which is during
daytime and 2790 ml of which is during night-time. This developed system
produces fresh and hot water simultaneously. It has been observed that hot
water temperature is at appropriate levels for local usage. In conventional
basin type distiller, the total water amount produced during daytime and
night-time were measured as 844 ml and 1545 ml, respectively. It has been
determined that the total distilled water amount produced in one day in this
system is 2389 ml. Efficiencies of conventional and integrated with hot water
collector distiller systems continuously increase during the day and reach at
51.47% and 77.98% levels, respectively. Compared to conventional distiller, 70%
more distilled water was obtained.
The thinking styles of the university teacher
Authors: Leal Ordóñez Linoel De Jesús , Do Nascimento Osorio Antonio Carlos
Published: September 2019

This research is framed in the teachers’ thinking paradigm, oriented to understand the thinking styles of the university teacher from two out of the five cognitive and behavioral expressions in Sternberg’s thinking styles theory: the function inside the classroom and the level of classroom performance. The epistemological approach was the empirical-inductive, framed in the logic positivism tradition, with the case study as methodology. A 24-reactives likert-based scale was applied to 40 teachers of the Education career from Francisco de Miranda University (UNEFM). The results evidenced a mediational thinking style, based on cognitive and constructivism-based teaching procedures, democratic patterns for classroom organization, as well as a permanent process of reflection that informs teachers about what and how to improve while teaching. These results can help to optimize teaching performance, as well as to design pedagogical training processes more focused and based on mediational pedagogies that lead to better learning.
KEY WORDS: Thinking styles, university teachers, pedagogy, mediational pedagogies, university education.
Design of Unmanned Monitoring and Automatic Monitoring System
Authors: Ding Xudong , Jiang Hongyan , Zhou Weihua
Published: September 2019

With the development of electronic technology, medical equipment is also undergoing some changes, and the traditional manual monitoring mode is clearly unsatisﬁed with today’s monitoring needs. At present, China’s medical institutions in the infusion treatment, the infusion rate control or the use of conventional clinical infusion, general use of hanging bottle infusion, and direct observation with the eyes, relying on manual clip to control the infusion rate, this mode of operation cannot be precisely controlled Infusion speed, and the workload. Therefore, the need for both cheap and practical medical infusion detection monitoring device to meet today’s medical needs. The system is designed with the single chip AT89C51 as the core, the keyboard and photoelectric sensor as the input system to digital tube and motor as the output system of intelligent infusion control and monitoring system. The keyboard system is a stand-alone key system, the function of the photoelectric sensor for the liquid droplet speed and infusion bottle page height of the reliable detection. When the liquid level is below the alert value, the system issues an alarm and can manually remove the alarm. The motor has a large controllable power and the input pulse can be maintained when the same torque and other advantages, so that you can control the bottle by the upper and lower slowly to achieve the purpose of intelligent control of liquid drip speed.
Research on Light Source Tracking Method of Photovoltaic Power Generation System
Authors: Xie Jingyi , Li Mingliang , Fang Hairu
Published: September 2019

In this paper, a new type of solar energy automatic tracking controller based on single chip microcomputer is designed to improve the utilization rate of solar energy. Using AT89S52 microcontroller as the core control components, through two photoelectric sensors, signal is collected through the comparison circuit and A / D, the results will be outputted to the single-chip microcontroller for data analysis and processing before output to ULN2003A to control the ﬁve-wire four-phase step motor to achieve the tracking of the sun position. The system has the advantages of low cost, and has good anti-interference ability improving the utilization rate of solar energy. The design ﬁrstly completed the simulation of the program, and then mainly editing using C programming to complete the program design. Through the downloader the program will be programmed into the microcontroller. Finally, through the construction of hardware experiments to achieve the objective of designed tracking.
Research and analysis for cancerous perianal disease
Authors: Chentai Yu , Hongyu Chen , Xiaodong Jiang , Tangxue Gui
Published: September 2019

Objective: To analyze cancerous perianal disease. This study summed up the effective measures for prevention and treatment of perianal cancer patients. Methods: Twelve perianal cancer patients were recruited from June 2011 to June 2016. Retrospective analysis was carried out for the 12 patients about the causes and effective treatment. Results: Hemorrhoids cancer was found in 6 cases: only two received proper treatment; one had metastasis and received chemotherapy; 1 had good prognosis after colon diversion; two were discharged from hospital and received conservative treatment, which were ineffective and worsened the condition. Fistula cancer was found in 2 cases: one received surgery and one gave up treatment. Anal cancer was found in 2 cases: both received surgery. Perianal skin squamous cell carcinoma was found in 1 case, which ended up with the transfer to another hospital. Perianal melanoma was found in 1 case: patient was hospitalized due to perianal neoplasm; then histopathology confirmed melanoma and patient gave up for treatment. Conclusion: Perianal cancer affects the quality of life and health of patients. The relevant medical institutions must actively take measures against the perianal cancer, which has significant improvement to the survival of patients.
Toxicological and anatomical study of vegetative organs of Anthurium maricense Nadruz and Mayo (Araceae)
Authors: Guimarães André Luis de Alcantara , Tanque Patrique Riepe do , Pyrrho Alexandre dos Santos , Vieira Ana Cláudia de Macêdo
Published: September 2019

Among other taxa of Araceae, the genus Anthurium is the largest of the family and one of themost important taxa. Some species of this genus have been used as a condiment, and its plantsas ornaments and medicines for over a century. Anthurium maricense is an endemic species from“restingas” of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and it is used as ornamental and medicinal plant. This paperaimed an anatomical and toxicological study of its vegetative organs. A. maricense has subterraneousrhizome, adventitious roots and complete leaves. The anatomical features of vegetative organs aresimilar to other species of Araceae and genus Anthurium, especially the velamen in roots and calciumoxalate crystals in all organs. Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), longitudinal grooves wereobserved in the raphides. For toxicological analyses, whole (with crystals) and centrifuged (freefrom crystals) fractions of the juices of each organ were administered via mouthwash and plantarinoculation to groups of five mice. The formation of edema was observed at 1, 3, 6, 24 and 96hours and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The oral inoculations presented negative results for all groups,without edema. The plantar inoculations showed differing results: with centrifuged juices, mildedema formed but regressed; with whole juices, some animals presented severe edema. Our resultsindicated distribution and morphology of raphides and diverse chemical substances were related tothe edematogenic process. A. maricense may potentially induce more chronic edema if compared toother species of Araceae.Keywords: Anatomy. Crystals. Restinga. Toxicity.