bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nano‐sized bacterial magnetic particles displaying pyruvate phosphate dikinase for pyrosequencing
Authors: Yoshino Tomoko , Nishimura Taisei , Mori Tetsushi , Suzuki Shigeya , Kambara Hideki , Takeyama Haruko , Matsunaga Tadashi
Published: January 2009

There is a high demand for inexpensive and high‐throughput DNA sequencing technologies in molecular biology and applied biosciences. In this study, novel nano‐sized magnetic particles displaying enzymes for pyrosequencing, a rather novel bioluminometric DNA sequencing method based on the sequencing‐by‐synthesis principle by employing a cascade of several enzymatic reactions, was developed. A highly thermostable enzyme, pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) which converts PPi to ATP was successfully expressed onto bacterial magnetic particles (BacMPs) using a novel protein display system of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB‐1. The enzymatic stability of BacMPs displaying PPDK (PPDK‐BacMPs) to pH and temperature was evaluated and its broad range of properties was shown. Subsequently, PPDK‐BacMPs were applied in pyrosequencing and a target oligonucleotide was successfully sequenced. The PPDK enzyme displayed on BacMPs was shown to be recyclable in each sequence reaction as they can be manipulated by magnetic force. It was concluded that nano‐sized PPDK‐BacMPs are useful for the scale down of pyrosequencing reaction volumes, thus, permitting high‐throughput. The recycling of enzymes was also shown to be promising and applicable for the development of an inexpensive DNA sequencing at a low running cost. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 130–137. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of energy dissipation rate on islets of Langerhans: Implications for isolation and transplantation
Authors: Shenkman Rustin M. , Godoy‐Silva Ruben , Papas Klearchos K. , Chalmers Jeffrey J.
Published: January 2009

Acute physical stresses can occur in the procurement and isolation process and potentially can contribute to islet death or malfunction upon transplantation. A contractional flow device, previously used to subject suspended cells to well‐defined hydrodynamic forces, has been modified and used to assess the vulnerability of porcine islets of Langerhans to hydrodynamic forces. The flow profiles and velocity gradients in this modified device were modeled using commercial CFD software and characterized, as in previous studies, with the scalar parameter, energy dissipation rate (EDR). Porcine islets were stressed in a single pass at various stress levels (i.e., values of EDR). Membrane integrity, oxygen uptake rate, caspase 3/7 activity, and insulin release were not affected by the levels of fluid stress tested up to an EDR of 2 × 103 W/m3. Visual observation of the stressed islets suggested that cells at the islet exterior were peeled away at EDR greater than 10,000 W/m3, however, this observation could not be confirmed using image analysis software, which determined the ratio of surface perimeter to total area. The result of this study suggests an upper limit in fluid stress to which islets can be subjected. Such upper limits assist in the design and operation of future islet processing equipment and processes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 413–423. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling bacterial contamination of fuel ethanol fermentation
Authors: Bischoff Kenneth M. , Liu Siqing , Leathers Timothy D. , Worthington Ronald E. , Rich Joseph O.
Published: January 2009

The emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria may limit the effectiveness of antibiotics to treat bacterial contamination in fuel ethanol plants, and therefore, new antibacterial intervention methods and tools to test their application are needed. Using shake‐flask cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on saccharified corn mash and strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a dry‐grind ethanol facility, a simple model to simulate bacterial contamination and infection was developed. Challenging the model with 108 CFU/mL Lactobacillus fermentum decreased ethanol yield by 27% and increased residual glucose from 6.2 to 45.5 g/L. The magnitude of the effect was proportional to the initial bacterial load, with 105 CFU/mL L. fermentum still producing an 8% decrease in ethanol and a 3.2‐fold increase in residual glucose. Infection was also dependent on the bacterial species used to challenge the fermentation, as neither L. delbrueckii ATCC 4797 nor L. amylovorus 0315‐7B produced a significant decrease in ethanol when inoculated at a density of 108 CFU/mL. In the shake‐flask model, treatment with 2 µg/mL virginiamycin mitigated the infection when challenged with a susceptible strain of L. fermentum (MIC for virginiamycin ≤2 ppm), but treatment was ineffective at treating infection by a resistant strain of L. fermentum (MIC = 16 ppm). The model may find application in developing new antibacterial agents and management practices for use in controlling contamination in the fuel ethanol industry. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 117–122. Published 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultra scale‐down of protein refold screening in microwells: Challenges, solutions and application
Authors: Mannall Gareth J. , Myers James P. , Liddell John , Titchener‐Hooker Nigel J. , Dalby Paul A.
Published: January 2009

Steps for the refolding of proteins from solubilized inclusion bodies or misfolded product often represent bottlenecks in process development, where optimal conditions are typically derived empirically. To expedite refolding optimization, microwell screening may be used to test multiple conditions in parallel. Fast, accurate, and reproducible assays are required for such screening processes, and the results derived must be representative of the process at full scale. This article demonstrates the use of these microscale techniques to evaluate the effects of a number of additives on the refolding of IGF‐1 from denatured inclusion bodies, using an established HPLC assay for this protein. Prior to this, microwell refolding was calibrated for scale‐up using hen egg‐white lysozyme (HEWL) as an initial model protein, allowing us to implement and compare several assays for protein refolding, including turbidity, enzyme activity, and chromatographic methods, and assess their use for microwell‐based experimentation. The impact of various microplate types upon protein binding and loss is also assessed. Solution mixing is a key factor in protein refolding, therefore we have characterized the effects of different methods of mixing in microwells in terms of their impact on protein refolding. Our results confirm the applicability and scalability of microwell screening for the development of protein refolding processes, and its potential for application to new inclusion body‐derived protein products. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 329–340. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding and harnessing the microaerobic metabolism of glycerol in Escherichia coli
Authors: Durnin Guyton , Clomburg James , Yeates Zeno , Alvarez Pedro J.J. , Zygourakis Kyriacos , Campbell Paul , Gonzalez Ramon
Published: January 2009

Given its availability, low prices, and high degree of reduction, glycerol has become an ideal feedstock for the production of reduced compounds. The anaerobic fermentation of glycerol by Escherichia coli could be an excellent platform for this purpose but it requires expensive nutrients such as tryptone and yeast extract. In this work, microaerobic conditions were used as a means of eliminating the need for rich nutrients. Availability of low amounts of oxygen enabled redox balance while preserving the ability to synthesize reduced products. A fermentation balance analysis showed ∼95% recovery of carbon and reducing equivalents. The pathways involved in glycerol dissimilation were identified using different genetic and biochemical approaches. Respiratory (GlpK‐GlpD/GlpABC) and fermentative (GldA‐DhaKLM) routes mediated the conversion of glycerol to glycolytic intermediates. Although pyruvate formate‐lyase (PFL) and pyruvate dehydrogenase contributed to the synthesis of acetyl‐CoA from pyruvate, most of the carbon flux proceeded through PFL. The pathways mediating the synthesis of acetate and ethanol were required for the efficient utilization of glycerol. The microaerobic metabolism of glycerol was harnessed by engineering strains for the co‐production of ethanol and hydrogen (EH05 [pZSKLMgldA]), and ethanol and formate (EF06 [pZSKLMgldA]). High ethanol yields were achieved by genetic manipulations that reduced the synthesis of by‐products succinate, acetate, and lactate. Co‐production of hydrogen required the use of acidic pH while formate co‐production was facilitated by inactivation of the enzyme formate‐hydrogen lyase. High rates of product synthesis were realized by overexpressing glycerol dehydrogenase (GldA) and dihydroxyacetone kinase (DhaKLM). Engineered strains efficiently produced ethanol and hydrogen and ethanol and formate from glycerol in a minimal medium without rich supplements. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 148–161. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Teaching astronomy and celestial mechanics through virtual reality
Authors: Guimarães Marcelo de Paiva , Gnecco Bruno Barberi
Published: January 2009

We discuss in this article issues involved in using state interactive and immersive virtual reality (VR) environments to the teaching of Astronomy, and how it improves student understanding. We also show that VR systems can nowadays be deployed with low‐cost, off‐the‐shelf components, and that they do not require the huge amount of expertise to be setup as they did only a few years ago, allowing all institutions to acquire them. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 196–205, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20174
Generation of a virtual reality‐based automotive driving training system for CAD education
Authors: Liang Janus
Published: January 2009

Designing and constructing a virtual reality‐based system is useful for educating students about scenario planning, geometric modeling and computer graphics. In particular, students are exposed to the practical issues surrounding topics such as geometric modeling, rendering, collision detection, model animation and graphical design. Meanwhile, building an application system provides students exposure to the real‐world side of software engineering that they are typically shielded from in the traditional computer class. This study is a description of the experiences with instructing “Computer‐aided Industrial design” and “OOP,” two introductory classes that focus on designing and generating the VR based system possible in the course of a semester and then “VR System,” an advanced course in the next semester. This study emphasizes the continuing evolution in the training and educational needs of students of CAD‐systems. This study breaks down an automobile driving training system into different components that are suitable for individual student projects and discusses the use of modern graphical design tools such as 3ds MAX for artistic design in this system. The conclusion of this study proposes a rough schedule for developing a VR based system during the course of a semester and an overview is given of a concept of a virtual reality‐based design and constructing system that is being developed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 148–166, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20178
SIMPERF: SIMULINK‐based educational software for vehicle's performance estimation
Authors: Calvo J. A. , Boada M. J. , Díaz V. , Olmeda E.
Published: January 2009

This paper presents an educational software called SIMPERF developed to allow the engineering students to learn easily and quickly about the vehicle's performance calculations. This software uses the SIMULINK library of MATLAB which has shown to be a good choice to implement and solve the implicated equations. The model allows us to achieve the vehicle's performances with enough accuracy and to modify the parameters than influence on these performances quickly and easily in order to understand the physic phenomena involved. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 139–147, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20191
A life of ease and immorality: Health professionals' constructions of mothering on welfare
Authors: Breheny Mary , Stephens Christine
Published: January 2009

Mothering on welfare is often discussed as perpetuating disadvantage and discouraging individuals from meaningful social activity defined as paid employment. This is understood in the context of increasing commitment to a neo‐liberalist agenda, where people are viewed as autonomous individuals in a market economy, and unequal rewards within this economy are due to individual failings. The discourse analysis presented here examines how health professionals in New Zealand construct what it means to be a mother on welfare within the context of interviews on the health care needs of adolescent mothers. Mothering on welfare is predominantly described as transgressing social norms, where a life of ease is an indicator of immoral conduct and personal value is determined through education and employment. The welfare mother is also viewed as transgressing the norms of appropriate family structures and the sexual practices sanctioned within these structures. The legitimate work of mothering is absent in these accounts while the life of ease and plenty on welfare is made visible. These discourses draw attention to the ways in which welfare mothers are disqualified from neo‐liberal definitions of citizenship, and demonstrate how motherhood on welfare is regarded as undermining rather than contributing to society. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of the Boomerang catalyst™ advantage closure device to facilitate complex multistaged percutaneous revascularization procedures for the treatment of critical limb ischemia
Authors: Garcia Joel A. , Casserly Ivan P.
Published: January 2009

An increasing spectrum of complex peripheral arterial disease may be successfully treated using percutaneous revascularization techniques. A pair of challenging peripheral revascularization procedures in patients with critical limb ischemia is presented, where an array of inteventional tools and techniques were required, and the off‐label use of the Boomerang catalyst system closure device was important in managing a variety of complex arterial access issues and ultimately allowing procedural success. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perforation of the aortic sinus after closure of atrial septal defects with the Atriasept occluder
Authors: Brown Stephen , Gewillig Marc
Published: January 2009

Percutaneous atrial septal defect closure is routinely performed nowadays because of the ease of implantation as well as the low complication rate. The Atriasept ASD occluder is a low profile, double disc device; over the years several modifications have been made. We report two cases of aortic sinus perforation by the Atriasept ASD occluder (model 2007). Two asymptomatic patients, in whom the device was implanted, were noticed to have metal projecting into the aorta. Real‐time fluoroscopy showed fractures of the outer metal ring with abnormal movement of one of the struts of the device. One patient is being conservatively managed and in the other the device was surgically removed due to the presence of a second ASD, which needed closure. Transesophageal echocardiography and fluoroscopy may be necessary to identify this potentially life‐threatening complication of this device. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intravascular ultrasound and 3D angle measurements of coronary bifurcations
Authors: van der Waal Eva C. , Mintz Gary S. , Garcia‐Garcia Hector M. , Bui Anh B. , Pehlivanova Marieta , Girasis Chrysafios , Serruys Patrick W. , van der Giessen Wim J. , Weissman Neil J.
Published: January 2009

Objective: To standardize the intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis of coronary bifurcations. Background: Percutaneous treatment of bifurcation lesions is difficult particularly at the side branch ostium. Imaging techniques may improve our understanding of treatment options. There is no established IVUS methodology to assess the bifurcation. The present study aims to develop standards for bifurcation imaging. Methods: Quantitative IVUS analysis and 3D bifurcation angle measurements were performed in 34 patients who were selected from the Washington Hospital Center Database. Patients were included if both left anterior descending (LAD) and first diagonal (DX) pullbacks in the same procedure were done. Angiograms were available in 27 patients to measure the 3D bifurcation angle using specialized software. Pullbacks were analyzed proximal and distal to the bifurcation, and at the bifurcation. Results: ProxLAD versus ProxLAD(DX) were similar for vessel area (15.5 ± 4.6 mm2 vs. 15.9 ± 4.0 mm2, P = 0.19), lumen area (8.3 ± 3.6 mm2 vs. 8.6 ± 3.3 mm2, P = 0.25), and plaque area (7.2 ± 2.0 mm2 vs. 7.3 ± 1.9 mm2, P = 0.55). However, BifurcationLAD was larger than BifurcationDX for vessel area (17.3 ± 4.0 mm2 vs. 16.6 ± 3.9 mm2, P = 0.0083). The 3D angiographic bifurcation angle was 50° ± 13° (range of 26°–84°), and did not affect the IVUS measurements. IVUS analysis showed that bifurcation lesions did obey Murray's Law, as ProxLAD lumen area measured 36.7 ± 25.1 mm3 versus DistLAD/DistDX measured 38.0 ± 29.1 mm3, P = 0.56. Conclusions: Two IVUS pullbacks should be performed for a complete assessment of the bifurcation and comparison with Murray's Law. The proposed IVUS analysis was not influenced by the bifurcation angle. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous intervention for chronic total occlusion of the internal iliac artery for unrelenting buttock claudication
Authors: Adlakha Satjit , Burket Mark , Cooper Christopher
Published: January 2009

Internal iliac artery stenosis or occlusion has been documented to cause hip pain, erectile dysfunction, and buttock claudication. Endovascular repair for patients with significant stenosis has been well documented, but chronic total occlusion revascularizations have not been reported in the literature. The reluctance to attempt percutaneous intervention may be in part due to the extensive collateralization that forms to this vessel, or fear of complications such as wire perforation in a vessel that has a tortuous route with multiple bifurcations. This report describes two cases of patients with unrelenting buttock claudication that completely resolved after percutaneous intervention of unilateral chronic total occlusions of the internal iliac artery. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Renal artery stent fracture with refractory hypertension: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Chua Su‐Kiat , Hung Huei‐Fong
Published: January 2009

A 73‐year‐old man with resistant hypertension and impaired renal function underwent stenting for right renal artery (RRA) stenosis. Two years later, he presented with uncontrolled hypertension and worse renal function. Renal arteriogram revealed RRA stent fracture with in‐stent restenosis. Another stent was deployed. Four months later, however, renal arteriogram revealed in‐stent restenosis again. This time, balloon angioplasty alone was performed. He had been symptom‐free with stable condition at 2‐year follow‐up. A literature review disclosed six renal artery stent fracture cases, including the present one, who developed in‐stent stenosis resulted from stent fracture. Two major anatomy features of renal artery stenosis were suggestive for development of stent fracture: (1) renal artery entrapment by diaphragmatic crus, and (2) mobile kidney with acute angulation at proximal segment of the renal artery. It is important to detect this etiology of renal artery stenosis because stenting in these vessels may contribute to in‐stent restenosis or stent fracture. Management of renal artery stent fracture, including endovascular treatment or aortorenal bypass, should be considered on a case‐by‐case basis in relation to clinical settings. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia: Angiography, intravascular ultrasound (with virtual histology), and pressure wire measurements
Authors: Prasad Anand , Zafar Nayab , Mahmud Ehtisham
Published: January 2009

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the renal arteries is classically associated with secondary hypertension in younger individuals, which may be treatable and even curable by percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. Angiography of these renal arteries oftendisplays “beaded” luminal abnormalities. The angiographic findings, however, may not accurately reflect the severity or precise location of the intraluminal obstruction. We present a case of an older individual with longstanding hypertension and FMD, in whom the use of a coronary pressure wire and intravascular ultrasound enabled precise localization and treatment of the hemodynamically significant stenosis. Virtual histology of FMD in the renal vasculature is also reported. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence and prediction of previously unrecognized peripheral arterial disease in patients with coronary artery disease: The peripheral arterial disease in Interventional Patients Study
Authors: Moussa Issam D. , Jaff Michael R. , Mehran Roxana , Gray William , Dangas George , Lazic Zoran , Moses Jeffery W.
Published: January 2009

Background:

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is under diagnosed in primary care practices, yet the extent of unrecognized PAD in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown.

Objective:

To assess the prevalence of previously unrecognized PAD in patients undergoing coronary angiography and/or intervention and to determine the relationship between presence of PAD and severity of CAD.

Methods:

The Peripheral Arterial Disease in Interventional Patients Study (PIPS) is a prospective cohort study conducted at an inpatient service of a tertiary referral center. A total of 800 patients referred for coronary angiography without prior diagnosis of PAD aged 70 years or older or aged 50–69 years with a history of tobacco use and/or diabetes mellitus were included. Evaluation involved a medical history, a questionnaire to assess symptoms and functional status, and measurement of the ankle‐brachial index (ABI). PAD was considered present if the ABI was 0.90 or less.

Results:

The prevalence of previously unrecognized PAD was 15%, 95% CI (12.6–17.7) and was highest among patients over 70 years of age (25.2%) and in women (23.3%). Among patients with CAD, those with PAD had higher prevalence of left main and multivessel coronary artery disease (87.2% vs. 75.5%, P = 0.006). Alternatively, patients with multivessel CAD had a twofold higher risk of being diagnosed with previously unrecognized PAD compared with those with single vessel CAD [adjusted OR = 2.02, (95% CI 1.03–3.98)].

Conclusions:

PAD is often overlooked even in patients with known ischemic heart disease under specialist cardiovascular care. Overlooked PAD in this population increases in frequency with advanced age, in women, and in the presence of other traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, the presence of PAD in this population identifies a subgroup with more severe form of CAD. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel buddy balloon technique to recross a T‐stented bifurcation
Authors: Gunalingam Brendan , Chan Richard Y.J.
Published: January 2009

The T technique is not uncommonly used to stent bifurcation lesions. It requires recrossing into the side branch with a guidewire and balloon to perform final Kissing Balloon dilations, but recrossing can be difficult. We describe a case of bifurcation stenting where balloon recrossing following guidewire placement into the side branch proved very challenging, and was finally achieved via a combination of forward pressure on a low‐profile balloon with its tip wedged at the stent struts along with simultaneous low‐pressure inflation of a larger parallel balloon. This altered the stent architecture and also allowed for a more favorable vector of force transmission to allow recrossing and hence successful completion of the procedure. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical follow‐up in endovascular treatment for TASC C‐D lesions in femoro‐popliteal segment
Authors: Rabellino Martin , Zander Tobias , Baldi Sebastian , Nielsen Luis Garcia , Aragon‐Sanchez F. Javier , Zerolo Ignacio , Llorens Rafael , Maynar Manuel
Published: January 2009

Objective:

To demonstrate the technical success and clinical follow‐up after endovascular treatment of femoropopliteal segment TASC II C and D lesions.

Methods:

From July 2002 to February 2007, 234 limbs in 190 patients with femoropopliteal segment TASC II C (n = 112) and D (n = 122) lesions were treated. Endovascular treatment consisted of PTA, fibrinolysis and PTA, subintimal recanalization and PTA, and finally stent graft. Patients were clinically evaluated at 30 days, 3, 6 month, and at 1 year in the outpatient setting with clinical examination and ankle‐brachial indices (ABI). In the case of stent placement, additional ultrasound evaluation was performed at 12, 24, and 48 month.

Results:

49.5% of procedures were performed on patients with lifestyle‐limiting claudication (IC) and 50.5% were performed for critical limb ischemia (CLI). Technical success, defined as successful recanalization and treatment of the occluded vessel, was achieved in 97% of cases. Periprocedural mortality was 3.15% and all deaths occurred in the CLI group. A follow‐up 13 ± 6 months and was achieved in 76%. During the follow‐up, clinical outcome for IC group and clinical CLI group was asymptomatic 72% vs. 29.8%, symptomatic with clinical improvement 22% vs. 33.7%, and major amputation 3% vs. 23.3%.

Conclusion:

The majority of claudicating patients with femoropopliteal TASC II C and D lesions will benefit from the endovascular treatment. Patient presenting CLI have a worse outcome, nevertheless the endovascular treatment can delay amputation, preserving the native vessel and does not impede surgical bypass if needed. For this reason, we consider that endovascular treatment may be the first choice treatment even in femoropopliteal TASC II C and D lesions. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Defining a new standard for IVUS optimized drug eluting stent implantation: The PRAVIO study
Authors: Gerber R.T. , Latib A. , Ielasi A. , Cosgrave J. , Qasim A. , Airoldi F. , Chieffo A. , Montorfano M. , Carlino M. , Michev I. , Tobis J. , Colombo A.
Published: January 2009

Objectives:

Preliminary Investigation to the Angiographic Versus IVUS Optimization Trial is a single center prospective observational intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guided stent implantation study assessing new criteria for optimal drug eluting stent (DES) deployment.

Background:

IVUS assessment of DES often reveals underexpansion and malapposition. Optimal stent deployment is currently poorly defined and previous criteria may not be suitable in long and complex lesions.

Methods:

Optimization was defined as achieving ≥70% of the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the postdilation balloon. This criterion was applied in 113 complex lesions. The size of this balloon was calculated according to vessel media‐to‐media diameters at various sites inside the stented segment. The IVUS guided treated lesions were matched according to diabetes, vessel type, reference vessel diameter, minimum lumen diameter (MLD), and lesion length with a group of angiographic treated lesions to compare final MLD achieved.

Results:

Mean minimum stent CSA according to the postdilation balloon utilized was 4.62 mm2, 6.26 mm2, 7.87 mm2, and 9.87 mm2 for 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm, and 4 mm balloons, respectively. Final MLD (mm) was significantly larger in the IVUS compared to the angiographic‐guided group (3.09 ± 0.50 vs. 2.67 ± 0.54; P < 0.0001). There were no procedural complications related to IVUS use.

Conclusions:

We propose new IVUS criteria based on vessel remodeling that results in an increment in the final MLD, compared to angiographic guidance, which is much larger than any previously published study. This criterion seems to be safely achievable. A proposed randomized study (angiographic vs. IVUS optimization trial) has been launched to test these concepts. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inducible site‐specific recombination in neural stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Chen Jian , Kwon Chang‐Hyuk , Lin Lu , Li Yanjiao , Parada Luis F.
Published: January 2009

To establish a genetic tool for manipulating the neural stem/progenitor cell (NSC) lineage in a temporally controlled manner, we generated a transgenic mouse line carrying an NSC‐specific nestin promoter/enhancer expressing a fusion protein encoding Cre recombinase coupled to modified estrogen receptor ligand‐binding domain (ERT2). In the background of the Cre reporter mouse strain Rosa26lacZ, we show that the fusion CreERT2 recombinase is normally silent but can be activated by the estrogen analog tamoxifen both in utero, in infancy, and in adulthood. As assayed by β‐galactosidase activity in embryonic stages, tamoxifen activates Cre recombinase exclusively in neurogenic cells and their progeny. This property persists in adult mice, but Cre activity can also be detected in granule neurons and Bergmann glia at the anterior of the cerebellum, in piriform cortex, optic nerve, and some peripheral ganglia. No obvious Cre activity was observed outside of the nervous system. Thus, the nestin regulated inducible Cre mouse line provides a powerful tool for studying the physiology and lineage of NSCs. genesis 47:122–131, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impression‐formation advantage in memory for faces: When eyewitnesses are interested in targets' likeability, rather than their identity
Authors: Fiedler Klaus , Kaczor Katharina , Haarmann Soraya , Stegmüller Martin , Maloney Julia
Published: January 2009

The advantage in person memory of impression formation over memory task instructions is shown to extend to the eyewitness identification paradigm. Instructions to form an impression of target persons led to more accurate identifications in subsequent photo line‐ups than explicit instructions to memorize the targets (Experiment 1). Prior knowledge that a crime was going on did not affect performance. Two confounded components of the successful instruction condition were decomposed in Experiment 2, showing that the enhanced performance is due to the impression task proper, rather than the absence of explicit memory instructions. Analyses of hits and false alarms revealed that the positive influence of impression formation on discrimination performance was due to a genuine enhancement in discrimination ability rather than merely a shift toward a stricter response criterion. Experiment 3 provided some evidence to suggest that eyewitness performance can even be influenced by recontextualization efforts and impression judgments at the time of retrieval. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cross‐cultural investigation into a reconceptualization of ethnocentrism
Authors: Bizumic Boris , Duckitt John , Popadic Dragan , Dru Vincent , Krauss Stephen
Published: January 2009

This investigation tests a reconceptualization of ethnocentrism based primarily on Sumner's definitions. Ethnocentrism is reconceptualized as ethnic group self‐centeredness, with four intergroup expressions of ingroup preference, superiority, purity, and exploitativeness, and two intragroup expressions of group cohesion and devotion. The reconceptualization was supported in Study 1 among 350 New Zealand participants and in Study 2 among 212 US, 208 Serbian, and 279 French participants. Ethnocentrism in each country consisted of two correlated second‐order factors representing intergroup and intragroup ethnocentrism and six first‐order factors representing the six primary expressions. Analyses in Study 2 supported the measurement invariance of the scale and a third‐order factor model, with one ethnocentrism factor at the broadest level of generalization. Ethnocentrism was empirically distinct from outgroup negativity and mere ingroup positivity. Intragroup ethnocentrism appeared primarily based on ethnic insecurity, personal self‐transcendence, and ethnic identification, whereas intergroup ethnocentrism appeared primarily based on self‐aggrandizement, warlikeness, and generally chauvinistic attitudes. Accordingly, although related, the two kinds of ethnocentrism tend to have quite differential implications for group attitudes and behaviors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This article was published online on 31 December 2008. Errors were subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected [date to be added later].
Discussion of ‘A new approach of selecting real input ground motions for seismic design: The most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions’ by C‐H Zhai and L‐L Xie
Authors: Moustafa Abbas
Published: January 2009

This discussion consists of two parts. The first part raises a few comments and questions on the method presented in the above paper. The second part proposes a measure for identifying resonant accelerograms in a set of earthquake records without the need for pre‐processing of the records or inclusion of the structure dynamic analysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Roe scheme with preconditioning method for large eddy simulation of compressible turbulent channel flow
Authors: Fu Wu‐Shung , Li Chung‐Gang , Lin Wei‐Fong , Chen Yu‐Hsu
Published: January 2009

Numerical investigations of fully compressible turbulent channel flows are conducted. Two different speeds of Mach numbers of 0.005 and 0.5 are separately taken into consideration to study mechanisms of compressible turbulent flows and increments of temperatures of working fluids. For computing the compressible low‐speed turbulent flow efficiently, methods of Roe and preconditioning matching LES methods are adopted. In addition, usage of dual time stepping and curved linear coordinates transformation skills to stabilize transient situations and increase computing grids near the channel walls are performed. As for an assignation of initial conditions, random velocity fluctuations are imposed on the mean velocity distribution. The results show that the mean velocity distributions, root‐mean‐square values of fluctuating velocities and mean Reynolds stresses have good agreements with the existing results. The increments of temperatures of working fluids are remarkable for a Mach number of 0.5 and are also well consistent with the existing results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluid flow and heat transfer of natural convection around array of vertical heated plates
Authors: Kitamura Kenzo , Mitsuishi Akihiko , Misumi Toshiyuki
Published: January 2009

Natural convective flows around an array of vertical heated plates were investigated experimentally. Main concerns were directed to the influences of plate numbers on the heat transfer characteristics of the plates. Both surfaces of the test plates were heated with constant and equal heat fluxes and their local heat transfer coefficients were measured. The results showed that the coefficients of the surfaces of the array facing outward became higher than those facing inward. The flow fields around the bottom of the plate array were visualized with smoke. The result showed that the ambient flow is directed from the sides to the center of the array and enters the parallel channel obliquely. These flows cause the above difference in the coefficients. While the difference gradually diminished in between the plates placed in the central section of the array, their coefficients asymptotically approach those of the analytical correlation that assumed a uniform velocity at the channel inlet. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20232
An approach of droplet ignition delay time
Authors: Chen Jun , Peng Xiaofeng
Published: January 2009

When a droplet is suddenly injected into a high‐temperature environment, the droplet self‐ignition phenomenon occurs. A simple model, based on the temperature history of target gas mixture of which the equivalent ratio is equal to 1, was proposed to predict the droplet ignition delay time in this paper. This approach clearly divides the droplet self‐ignition delay into two parts, the physical delay and the chemical delay. The predicted droplet ignition times agree well with the experimental data and numerical simulation results. In addition, the influence of droplet diameter on the droplet ignition delay was discussed in detail using this approach. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20240
Different roles of N‐ and C‐ termini in the functional activity of FGF21
Authors: Micanovic Radmila , Raches David W. , Dunbar James D. , Driver David A. , Bina Holly A. , Dickinson Craig D. , Kharitonenkov Alexei
Published: January 2009

Fibroblast growth factor 21 is a member of endocrine FGFs subfamily, along with FGF19 and FGF23. It is emerging as a novel regulator with beneficial effects on a variety of metabolic parameters, including glucose and lipid control. FGF21 activity depends on membrane protein βKlotho that physically complexes with various FGF receptors, thus conferring them the ability to bind FGF21 and activate downstream signaling pathways. FGF21, like other FGFs, folds to a β‐trefoil‐like core region, with disordered N‐ and C‐termini. In order to investigate their role in the activity of FGF21, we have constructed a series of deletion mutants and tested them for their ability to (1) bind βKlotho, analyzed by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (2) signal through MAPK phosphorylation and inhibit apoptosis in 3T3‐L1/βKlotho fibroblasts (3) stimulate GLUT1 mRNA upregulation and glucose uptake in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Binding studies with βKlotho revealed that the interaction with the co‐receptor involves the C‐terminus, as progressive removal of amino acids from the carboxy end decreased affinity for βKlotho. By contrast, removal of up to 17 amino acids from the N‐terminus had no effect on the interaction with βKlotho. Terminal deletions had greater effect on function, as deletions of six amino acids from the amino‐terminus and only four from the carboxy‐terminus each significantly impacted activity (10‐fold). Of the extreme terminal truncations, with no detectable activity, ΔN17 acted as competitive antagonist while ΔC20 did not. Our structure/function studies show that the C‐terminus is important for βKlotho interaction whereas the N‐terminus likely interacts directly with FGF receptors. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 227–234, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chaperone‐mediated autophagy is defective in mucolipidosis type IV
Authors: Venugopal Bhuvarahamurthy , Mesires Nicholas T. , Kennedy John C. , Curcio‐Morelli Cyntia , LaPlante Janice M. , Dice J. Fred , Slaugenhaupt Susan A.
Published: January 2009

Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the MCOLN1 gene, a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel gene family. The encoded protein, transient receptor potential mucolipin‐1 (TRPML1), has been localized to lysosomes and late endosomes but the pathogenic mechanism by which loss of TRPML1 leads to abnormal cellular storage and neuronal cell death is still poorly understood. Yeast two‐hybrid and co‐immunoprecipitation (coIP) experiments identified interactions between TRPML1 and Hsc70 as well as TRPML1 and Hsp40. Hsc70 and Hsp40 are members of a molecular chaperone complex required for protein transport into the lysosome during chaperone‐mediated autophagy (CMA). To determine the functional relevance of this interaction, we compared fibroblasts from MLIV patients to those from sex‐ and age‐matched controls and show a defect in CMA in response to serum withdrawal. This defect in CMA was subsequently confirmed in purified lysosomes isolated from control and MLIV fibroblasts. We further show that the amount of lysosomal‐associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP‐2A) is reduced in lysosomal membranes of MLIV fibroblasts. As a result of decreased CMA, MLIV fibroblasts have increased levels of oxidized proteins compared to control fibroblasts. We hypothesize that TRPML1 may act as a docking site for intralysosomal Hsc70 (ly‐Hsc70) allowing it to more efficiently pull in substrates for CMA. It is also possible that TRPML1 channel activity may be required for CMA. Understanding the role of TRPML1 in CMA will undoubtedly help to characterize the pathogenesis of MLIV. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 344–353, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An shRNA silencing a non‐toxic transgene reduces nutrient consumption and increases production of adenoviral vectors in a novel packaging cell
Authors: Wang Lifu , Qi Xiaoguang , Shen Ruizhe , Sun Ying , Tuveson David A.
Published: January 2009

During production of an adenoviral vector in a packaging cell, transgene is expressed concomitantly with the adenoviral gene. Depending on the protein encoded by the transgene, the yield of an adenoviral vector can be reduced or blocked as a result of transgene expression in the packaging cell. We tested the effect of a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) inhibiting the expression of a transgene encoding hIcon, a therapeutic molecule that selectively destroys pathological angiogenic blood vessels, on the yield of an adenoviral vector containing the transgene. The results showed that the yield of infectious adenoviral vector particles was increased about 10‐fold in a novel packaging cell with stable production of an shRNA that can silence the transgene, as compared to the yield in standard packaging line, and the consumption of nutrient in the novel packaging cell line is decreased due to silence of adenoviral transgene expression. The study indicates that shRNA can increase the production of adenoviral vectors by silencing transgene and reducing nutrient consumption of the novel packaging cell. The use of shRNA silencing expression of transgenes encoding therapeutic molecules can reduce the time and cost of producing adenoviral vectors for clinical use. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 365–371, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dystrophin glycoprotein complex‐associated Gβγ subunits activate phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/Akt signaling in skeletal muscle in a laminin‐dependent manner
Authors: Xiong Yongmin , Zhou YanWen , Jarrett Harry W.
Published: January 2009

Previously, we showed that laminin‐binding to the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) of skeletal muscle causes a heterotrimeric G‐protein (Gαβγ) to bind, changing the activation state of the Gsα subunit. Others have shown that laminin‐binding to the DGC also leads to Akt activation. Gβγ, released when Gsα is activated, is known to bind phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K), which activates Akt in other cells. Here, we investigate whether muscle Akt activation results from Gβγ, using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, and purified Gβγ. In the presence of laminin, PI3K‐binding to the DGC increases and Akt becomes phosphorylated and activated (pAkt), and glycogen synthase kinase is phosphorylated. Antibodies, which specifically block laminin‐binding to α‐dystroglycan, prevent PI3K‐binding to the DGC. Purified bovine brain Gβγ also caused PI3K and Akt activation. These results show that DGC‐Gβγ is binding PI3K and activating pAkt in a laminin‐dependent manner. Mdx mice, which have greatly diminished amounts of DGC proteins, display elevated pAkt signaling and increased expression of integrin β1 compared to normal muscle. This integrin binds laminin, Gβγ, and PI3K. Collectively, these suggest that PI3K is an important target for the Gβγ, which normally binds to DGC syntrophin, and activates PI3K/Akt signaling. Disruption of the DGC in mdx mouse is causing dis‐regulation of the laminin‐DGC‐Gβγ‐PI3K‐Akt signaling and is likely to be important to the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy. Upregulating integrin β1 expression and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway in muscular dystrophy may partially compensate for the loss of the DGC. The results suggest new therapeutic approaches to muscle disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 402–414, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gestational morphogenesis of the uterine epithelium of the gummy shark (Mustelus antarcticus)
Authors: Storrie Megan T. , Walker Terence I. , Laurenson Laurence J. , Hamlett William C.
Published: January 2009

Developing embryos of the non‐placental, viviparous gummy shark (Mustelus antarcticus) are supplied with yolk from external and internal yolk sacs throughout the initial stages of gestation. Yolk supplies are exhausted by the 7th month of an 11–12 month gestation. During embryonic development, there is an approximate 800% gain in dry mass. These factors suggest nutrients are transferred from the mother to the young. The results of the present study provide some insights into how this is occurring. The uteri are paired and both are functional. Using both light and transmission electron microscopy, regions of the uterus were examined throughout maturation and gestation. The layers of the uterine wall throughout the entire length are similar to the uteri of other chondrichthyans previously examined. The uterine epithelium of the body of the uterus is smooth contoured, does not form villi, and undergoes cyclical and secretory changes throughout maturity and gestation. In immature uteri, the epithelium is simple columnar with minimal periodic acid‐Schiff‐positive and Alcian blue‐positive secretory vesicles. In mature uteri, the epithelium is highly stratified with cuboidal cells containing numerous Alcian blue‐positive and periodic acid‐Schiff‐positive vesicles. With pregnancy, prominent changes include a reduction in the number of cell layers, a reduction in cell size, a reduction in the connective tissue intervening between epithelium and blood vessel endothelium, and an increase in blood vessel number and size, so that at term, the uterine compartment consists of a single layer of squamous cells immediately underlain by sinusoidal‐like blood vessels. These features along with a small number of secretory vesicles, dilated intercellular spaces, and clear transport vesicles suggest the transepithelial transfer of water and minerals from the maternal to embryonic environment, supplemented by minimal uterine secretions. This is defined as minimal histotrophy and this article represents the first detailed description of this reproductive mode. J. Morphol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The mediating role of overall fairness and the moderating role of trust certainty in justice–criteria relationships: the formation and use of fairness heuristics in the workplace
Authors: Jones David A. , Martens Martin L.
Published: January 2009

Theory suggests that perceptions of overall fairness play an important role in the justice judgment process, yet overall fairness is insufficiently studied. We derived hypotheses from fairness heuristic theory, which proposes that perceptions of overall fairness are influenced by different types of justice, are more proximal predictors of responses than specific justice types, and are used to infer trust when trust certainty is low. Results from Study 1 (N = 1340) showed that employees' perceptions of overall fairness in relation to a senior management team mediated the relationships between specific types of justice and employee outcomes (e.g., affective commitment). In Study 2 (N = 881), these mediated effects were replicated and trust certainty moderated the effect of overall fairness on trust as hypothesized. Study 2 also showed that, relative to procedural and informational justice, distributive and interpersonal justice had stronger effects on overall fairness. To explore how the organizational context may have influenced these findings, we performed qualitative analyses in Study 3 (N = 268). Results suggested that, consistent with the quantitative findings from Study 2, some types of justice were more salient than others. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory, research, and practice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.