bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habitar, pertenecer y participar: actitud hacia el barrio y participación ciudadana en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Vecchio Giovanni , Huerta-Olivares Consuelo , Luengo Kanacri Bernadette Paula
Published: April 2021

Tratándose del entorno espacial más cercano al individuo, diferentes disciplinas se han aproximado al barrio para investigar su rol en distintas manifestaciones de la participación ciudadana. En este trabajo nos preguntamos si la actitud hacia el propio barrio puede ser un predictor de participación ciudadana. El objetivo de este estudio, además, es investigar si la eventual participación resultante es de tipo cívico o político. Para investigar el tema, desarrollamos un análisis descriptivo de datos referidos a percepción barrial y participación ciudadana en Santiago de Chile. Nuestros resultados proporcionan evidencias de cuánto la dimensión social del barrio (sentido de pertenencia, capital social y sociabilidad) es un antecedente de la participación cívica, primariamente, y política en segundo nivel.
Convivencia y conflictos aspiracionales en barrios de ingresos mixtos.
Authors: Vergara Luis
Published: April 2021

La mixtura social y el clasismo parecen ser procesos antagónicos que limitan el desarrollo de una ciudad socioeconómicamente heterogénea. Este artículo busca entender la manera en que se configura la convivencia al interior de los vecindarios de ingresos mixtos, focalizando su mirada en dos barrios de Integración Social en Chile. Sobre la base de entrevistas semiestruturadas, los resultados muestran la importancia de las diferencias de clase y la aspiración de movilidad social en las disputas entre residentes. No obstante el clasismo, la convivencia en estos lugares se mantiene estable por una serie de mecanismos sociales y espaciales, entre los que cuenta la escasa sociabilidad, una definición común de buen vecino y modelos de distribución socioeconómica interna que minimizan las diferencias. Se concluye analizando la fragilidad que adquiere la convivencia de estas comunidades de extraños en contextos de crisis.
“Ô bicharada, toma cuidado: o Bolsonaro vai matar viado!” Cantos homofóbicos de torcidas de futebol como dispositivos discursivos das masculinidades
Authors: Mendonça Carlos Magno Camargos , Mendonça Felipe Viero Kolinski Machado
Published: April 2021

Resumo Sugere-se, neste artigo, que os cantos homofóbicos entoados pelas torcidas de futebol operam como dispositivos discursivos das masculinidades. No escopo de nossas reflexões, compreendemos tais discursos como corresponsáveis por propagandear/propagar discursos de ódio contra a população gay, como partícipes de uma rede discursiva que envolve outras modalidades de práticas homofóbicas (tais como os assassinatos) e, ainda, como dispositivos pedagógicos que, nos estádios e também para além deles, ensinam sobre os modos possíveis/interditados de ser homem.
LUM, presencias resignificantes del conflicto armado peruano
Authors: Oliveira Ana Claudia De , Kanashiro Lilian
Published: April 2021

Resumen LUM, presenças ressignificantes do conflito armado peruano - El Lugar de la Memoria, de la Tolerancia y de la Inclusión Social (LUM) en Lima es parte de una política pública de la memoria enfocada en el conflicto armado interno peruano (1980 a 2000). Bajo una mirada sociosemiótica el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el LUM como espacio público y productor de afectos significantes. Se llevó a cabo una revisión documental y observación participante que revelan una disputa nominativa en su gestación política y una transformación afectiva en el trayecto de los visitantes.
COVID-19 HASTALARINDA KORTİKOSTEROİD TEDAVİSİ: NE ZAMAN VE NASIL?
Authors: ÇAKIR Münire , ÇAKIR Mehtap
Published: April 2021

Çin’in Wuhan şehrinde ilk vakanın görülmesinden bu yana COVID-19 dünyada 2,7 milyondan fazla insanın hayatını kaybetmesine neden olmuştur. COVID-19’a bağlı ölümün başlıca nedenleri ARDS, sepsis ve/veya septik şoktur. Hastalığın etkinliği kanıtlanmış bir tedavisi henüz mevcut değildir. COVID-19’a bağlı oluşan hiperinflamasyon ve sitokin fırtınasının kontrolünde sentetik kortikosteroidlerin etkili olabileceği düşünülmüş ve klinik çalışmalar bu grup ilaçların mortaliteyi ve mekanik ventilasyon ihtiyacını azaltmada etkili olduklarını göstermiştir.

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, ciddi ve kritik hastalarda kortikosteroidlerin kullanımını güçlü öneri ile desteklerken ciddi olmayan hastalıkta kullanımdan kaçınılmasına koşullu öneri getirmiştir. Bu öneriler, sekiz randomize kontrollü çalışmanın sonuçlarına dayanmaktadır. Şu ana kadar yapılan çalışmalarda, tedavide en sık tercih edilen kortikosteroid molekülü metilprednizolon olmakla birlikte, deksametazon, hidrokortizon ve diğer sentetik glukokortikoidler de kullanılmaktadır. Kortikosteroidlerin mortalite üzerine etkilerinin ortaya konulduğu çalışmalarda genellikle düşük-orta dozda ilaç kullanılmış olup doz karşılaştırmalarının yapıldığı prospektif çalışmalar literatürde henüz mevcut değildir.

Kortikosteroid tedavisi ile ilgili çekincelerden biri, tedavinin viral klirens üzerine etkisidir. Düşük dozda kortikosteroidlerin viral klirens üzerine az etkileri olduğu ya da etkilerinin olmadığı bildirilmekle birlikte, yüksek doz uygulamaların viral klirens üzerine etkisi ve yine gecikmiş viral klirensin klinik önemi net değildir. Kortikosteroidlerin en sık yan etkileri olan hiperglisemi ve sekonder bakteriyel infeksiyonlar yönünden hastaların yakın takip edilmeleri ve ciddi-kritik COVID-19 hastalarında, kritik-hastalıkla ilişkili kortikosteroid yetmezliği de bulunabileceğinden, tedavinin dikkatlice kesilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.

COVID-19 tedavisinde kullanılacak kortikosteroidlerin türü, ideal zamanlaması, dozu, diğer ilaçlarla birlikte kullanımı konularında ve oluşabilecek muhtemel yan etkiler açısından daha fazla araştırmaya gerek vardır.
Untargeted Top-down Proteomics byCZE-MS/MS on Eclipse v1
Authors: Jooß Kevin , Drown Bryon , Melani Rafael , KRG KRG Research Group Kelleher
Published: April 2021

Describes the CZE-MS/MS data acquisition procedure for top-down proteomics samples using the Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Eclipse Tribrid mass spectrometer
Sensorless electric drive of the mixture supply system in the mold of the continuous steel casting installation
Authors: Litsin K. V. , Utyamishev D. M.
Published: April 2021

The system of automatic feeding of the slag-forming mixture into the mold of the continuous casting machine was investigated in this article. The necessity of using a slag-forming mixture in the process of steel production has been substantiated. The proofs are given that the consumption of the slag-forming mixture significantly affects the cost of the final product. The quality level of the final product depends on the uniformity and consistency of the mixture supply to the crystallizer. Therefore, the actual direction is the automation of the process of feeding the slag-forming mixture into the mold of the continuous casting machine. The description of the developed automatic installation, which implements the supply of slag-forming mixture, is presented. The necessity of using a sensorless electric drive for moving the trolley has been substantiated. A simulation model of a bogie electric drive with a vector control system based on sensorless determination of the angular speed of the engine has been developed. The description of the method for determining the angular speed of the motor based on the known values of phase voltages is given. The simulation of the developed electric drive system in the Matlab Simulink program, confirming the adequacy of the developed system. The introduction of a sensorless electric drive into the system for feeding the mixture into the mold of the continuous casting machine will increase the reliability of the entire system and reduce its weight and dimensions.
An approach to assessing complex technical systems at an early stage of development
Authors:   V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Poltavsky A. , Semenov S. ,   ‘Region’ JSC, State Research and Production Enterprise
Published: April 2021

An approach to assessing complex technical systems at an early stage of their development is considered. Complexes with multifunctional dual-use unmanned aerial vehicles are being investigated as complex technical systems. The novelty of the work lies in the integration of the assessment by structuring the methods and stochastic models of the analysis of complex technical systems in the technological computerized environment of the developer, choosing a decisionmaking strategy at the stages of preliminary design, including the method of expert assessments. Using the example of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the technology of choosing a rational version of complex technical systems from among the alternatives of the formed model range using an information and analytical system (IAS) is shown. The IAS implements a procedure for multi-criteria assessment of complex technical systems based on the methods of expert assessments. The primary results of a comprehensive assessment of reconnaissance-strike and strike complexes of multifunctional UAVs weighing 0.3-2 tons have been obtained.
Synergetic knowledge bases
Authors:   Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman, Evgenev G.
Published: April 2021

Modern knowledge bases must largely correspond to human thinking and the reality of the world. Synergetic knowledge bases create the possibility of joint use of both "hard" computing, which require the accuracy and uniqueness of the solution, and "soft" computing, allowing a given error and uncertainty for a specific problem. A methodology for creating synergetic systems for the representation of knowledge using artificial intelligence technologies is proposed. The methodology is based on knowledge base methods and can be used to develop design and management systems in industries. A model for representing linguistic variables is proposed. The method of creating fuzzy knowledge bases and the stages of the inference mechanism are considered. The fuzzy inference is described using the example of the Mamdani mechanism. A functional diagram of the creation of fuzzy inference systems based on a structured clear knowledge module is proposed. A method for creating knowledge bases for the implementation of neural network models is considered. An example of a knowledge base for training neural networks is given.
High-quality reports and their characteristics in the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database (JADER)
Authors: Tsuchiya Masami , Obara Taku , Miyazaki Makoto , Noda Aoi , Sakai Takamasa , Funakoshi Ryohkan , Mano Nariyasu
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting is the foundation of postmarketing drug safety monitoring. The present study aimed to analyze and clarify the quality and characteristics of the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database (JADER) using the World Health Organization (WHO) documentation grading scheme and the vigiGrade completeness score. The characteristics of reports were described using both schemes simultaneously. The way of proper use of these two schemes was explored. Methods: The WHO documentation grading scheme and the vigiGrade completeness score were applied to the same dataset (JADER202001 dataset). Reports classified as high-quality under both assessment criteria were extracted, and the characteristics of these reports were analyzed. Results: Of the 607,361 adverse drug reaction reports analyzed, 52.8% were ‘well-documented reports’ with a vigiGrade completeness score >0.8. Under the WHO documentation grading scheme, 328,702 reports (54.1%) were Grade 2 and 5,178 (0.9%) were Grade 3 (including rechallenge information). Among well-documented Grade 3 reports, classified as the highest quality, a high proportion of the adverse drug reaction reports were related to disorders of hematopoietic function resulting from anticancer drugs. Because a high proportion of the reports with rechallenge information were for anticancer drugs as suspect drugs, the WHO documentation grading scheme tended to extract reports regarding anticancer drugs as high quality. Conclusions: We conclude that the two schemes need to be used appropriately, depending on the purpose of analysis, the target adverse drug reactions, and suspect drugs.
Contact excursion: Speech genre vs communicative event
Authors:   Tver State University, Yanson Tatiana A.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the problem of the relationship between two linguistic theories: a speech genre theory and a speech act theory. The research is based on the genre of a contact excursion. From the point of view of genre studies a contact excursion is a speech genre and it can be described using the “speech genre questionnaire” proposed by T. V. Shmeleva, which includes the communicative goal of the genre, the concept of the author, the concept of the addressee, the dictum content, the image of the communicative past, the image of the communicative future, and the language embodiment. From the point of view of functional and structural classification, a contact excursion is a complex genre or a hypergenre, consisting of a number of simple genres. Within the framework of the actional or the activity approach, which is based on the speech act theory, a contact excursion can be considered as a communicative event and described using speech strategies and tactics which represent one or more speech actions, which traces to the concept of a speech act. The notion of the communicative style serves as the basis to reconcile and combine both theories.
Experiencias de ciudad en las industrias creativas y culturales. Diversos enfoques investigativos
Authors: Vélez-Ochoa Claudia Inés
Published: April 2021

Las investigaciones descritas en este libro, corresponden a resultados de investigación de estudiantes de maestría en Comportamiento del Consumidor y del pregrado de la facultad de publicidad de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Estos trabajos fueron dirigidos por dos investigadores del Grupo de Investigación en Publicidad Epilión (categoría A en Minciencias al 2020), de la Facultad de Publicidad de la misma universidad. Estas investigaciones giran en torno a experiencias de ciudad abordadas de las Industrias Creativas y Culturales. En el primer trabajo, las investigadoras realizan un acercamiento al género urbano, el cual hace parte cada vez más de nuestra cotidianidad, y que es consumido a diario en diferentes plataformas digitales como: Youtube y Spotify; pero sin duda, son los contenidos audiovisuales de este, uno de los productos más importantes que impulsa las carreras y canciones de artistas de talla mundial como: J. Balvin, Maluma, Ozuna, entre otros.
Measuring the Impact of Interdependence on Individuals During Collaborative Problem-Solving
Authors: Swiecki Zachari
Published: April 2021

Collaboration analytics often focuses on assessing and monitoring individuals during collaborative problem-solving (CPS). A defining feature of CPS is the interdependence that exists between individuals when they work together — that is, how they respond to and influence one another over time. While models that account for the impact of interdependence at the individual level of analysis (interdependent models) exist, they are often highly complex. This complexity makes them potentially difficult to use in assessments and systems that need to be explainable for educators, learners, and other researchers. Measures of the impact of interdependence at the individual level of analysis could inform decisions as to whether interdependent models should be used, or whether simpler models will suffice. Such measures could also be used to investigate specific questions about interdependence in collaborative settings. In this paper, I present a novel method of measuring the impact of interdependence on individuals using epistemic network analysis. To provide evidence of the validity of the measure, I compare it to qualitative findings that describe the impact of interdependence on individuals participating in team training scenarios. To demonstrate the value of the measure, I use it to assess the impact of interdependence in these data overall and to test hypotheses regarding the collaborative task design. My results suggest that the measure can distinguish between individuals who have been impacted by interdependence differently, that interdependence is impactful in these data overall, and that aspects of the task design may have affected how some individuals were impacted by interdependence.
Designing Analytics for Collaboration Literacy and Student Empowerment
Authors: Worsley Marcelo , Anderson Khalil , Melo Natalie , Jang JooYoung
Published: April 2021

Collaboration has garnered global attention as an important skill for the 21st century. While researchers have been doing work on collaboration for nearly a century, many of the questions that the field is investigating overlook the need for students to learn how to read and respond to different collaborative settings. Existing research focuses on chronicling the various factors that predict the effectiveness of a collaborative experience, or on changing user behaviour in the moment. These are worthwhile research endeavours for developing our theoretical understanding of collaboration. However, there is also a need to centre student perceptions and experiences with collaboration as an important area of inquiry. Based on a survey of 131 university students, we find that student collaboration-related concerns can be represented across seven different categories or dimensions: Climate, Compatibility, Communication, Conflict, Context, Contribution, and Constructive. These categories extend prior research on collaboration and can help the field ensure that future collaboration analytics tools are designed to support the ways that students think about and utilize collaboration. Finally, we describe our instantiation of many of these dimensions in our collaborative analytics tool, BLINC, and suggest that these seven dimensions can be instructive for re-orienting the Multimodal Learning Analytics (MMLA) and collaboration analytics communities.
Laporan Kasus: Spontaneous Chronic Corneal Epithelial Defects (SCCED) Pada Kucing Domestik
Authors: Larasati Annisa , Suradi Aulia Azka , Aulia Icha Yung , Virgiantari Cheptien Winda , Nugroho Hendra Setyo , Nurmaningdyah Ajeng Aeka
Published: April 2021

Spontaneous Chronic Corneal Epithelial Defects (SCCED) merupakan penyakit mata yang berasal dari corneal ulcer yang tidak mengalami perbaikan dan timbulnya lapisan epitel yang melapisi kornea. Dari gejala klinis, pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan penunjang, kucing Belang diduga mengalami superficial corneal ulcer yang ditandai dengan adanya kekeruhan pada kornea dan diteguhkan dengan pemeriksaan penunjang berupa scimer tear test dan fluorecein test. Kucing Belang diberikan terapi obat berupa antibiotik topikal berupa gentamicin 0,3 % untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi sekunder dengan pemberian 3 x sehari sebanyak 1 tetes dan juga atropine 1% dengan pemberian 2 x sehari sebanyak 1 tetes. Hasil evaluasi pengobatan selama 1 minggu, kucing Belang tidak mengalami perubahan pada korneal ulcer tersebut, mata tampak masih keruh dan terlihat adanya pembuluh darah. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi tersebut, maka frekuensi pemberian obat ditingkatkan yaitu gentamicin tetes diberikan 4 x sehari sebanyak 1 tetes dan atropine 1% diberikan 3 x sehari sebanyak 1 tetes. Setelah 1 minggu, kucing Belang tidak menunjukkan adanya perbaikan, namun mengalami pembentukan lapisan diatas lapisan kornea dan didapatkan diagnosa akhir bahwa kucing Belang mengalami SCCED.
The France's Mediterranean Project
Authors: Zvereva T.
Published: April 2021

This article is devoted to the French policy towards South- and East- Mediterranean countries. It shows the main lines of this policy and the principal ideas of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) project. Paris presented the UfM as the way to resolve economic, social and political problems of the region. Implementing its soft-power project Paris had to meet some challenges and overcome substantial difficulties. Conceived as the French program, the UfM required EU funding. Being a part of the EU Neighbourhood Program, it embraced 43 countries and became difficult to be run. The Gaza war stopped the UfM-cooperation, also undermined by the global economic and financial crisis.
How A Cold Sitz Bath Versus Infrared Therapy Can Remove the Pain of Postpartum Perineal Wounds
Authors: Girsang Bina Melvia , Elfira Eqlima
Published: April 2021

Women who suffer perineal trauma in spontaneous labor experience pain and edema as the most common problems on the first day after delivery. Impaired mobility and a limited ability to carry out daily activities will affect the mother-baby bond. The study of the cold sitz bath intervention and infrared treatment aims to find out how these interventions can overcome the pain of perineal wounds in postpartum mothers. A quasi-experimental design was used to assess both interventions for treating pain in perineal trauma at the Madina Clinic and Sundari Hospital. The sample consisted of 40 mothers, 20 in the cold sitz bath (intervention group) and 20 in the infrared therapy (control group). Pain was measured using a numerical scale from day one to day three of the postpartum period and then the data were analyzed using the paired t-test statistical test. The results of this study revealed that the cold sitz bath hydrotherapy had a significant effect in reducing pain (p = 0.004), as well as infrared therapy (0.008). Although on the third day of the postpartum period, infrared therapy did not significantly reduce the pain level; several other factors could contribute to the significant differences in pain intensity reduction such as comfort, convenience, and the economic value of the intervention.

 
Effect of Thermal Radiation on the Conjugate Heat Transfer from a Circular Cylinder with an Internal Heat Source in Laminar Flow
Authors: Juncu Gheorghe
Published: April 2021

The effect of thermal radiation on the two – dimensional, steady-state, conjugate heat transfer from a circular cylinder with an internal heat source in steady laminar crossflow is investigated in this work. P0 (Rosseland) and P1 approximations were used to model the radiative transfer. The mathematical model equations were solved numerically. Qualitatively, P0 and P1 approximations show the same effect of thermal radiation on conjugate heat transfer; the increase in the radiation – conduction parameter decreases the cylinder surface temperature and increases the heat transfer rate. Quantitatively, there are significant differences between the results provided by the two approximations.
Аnalysis Catalytic Hydrogen Recombiner Capacity Calculation Taking into Account Conditions Inside Sealed Enclosure of Containment Safety System of Nuclear Power Plants with Water-Water Energetic Reactor
Authors: Sorokin V. V.
Published: April 2021

Localizing safety systems are provided to contain radioactive substances in an accident and attenuate ionizing radiation at a modern nuclear power plant. Together with radioactive substances, hydrogen is also retained, which is formed during the decomposition of the primary coolant. The accumulation of hydrogen in the presence of oxygen from the atmosphere in the accident localization zone carries the danger of the formation of flammable and explosive concentrations of these components. Nuclear power plant (NPP) deigns with water-water energetic reactor (WWER) provides for a hydrogen removal system including passive catalytic hydrogen recombiners. The device capacity  is confirmed experimentally under reference conditions (lean air-hydrogen mixture, pressure and temperature close to normal, no interference with gas exchange). Capacity is an important safety parameter. In the event of an accident, conditions inside the ealed enclosure of the localizing system of NPP with WWER can  differ from the reference  ones and affect the capacity.  On the basis of calculations, the operation of recombiners with lack of  oxygen  and with hindered  gas exchange has been investigated in the paper. The decrease in capacity with lack of oxygen reaches 50 %, which is mainly  caused by an increase in underburning. Compared to the reference conditions, the effect is more pronounced in the event of an accident – 60–70 %. The hindered gas exchange is modeled by a decrease in the height of recombiner traction channel. This case can be reduced to the placement of the device in cramped conditions and the effect of the atmosphere speed inside the enclosure. Regardless of the hydrogen concentration, the operating characteristic of the device remains linear, with a two-fold decrease in height leads to a decrease in capacity by 20 %. The results can be used to substantiate the safety of NPPs with WWER and to review on the safety subtantiation of power units.
A Complement to Decline Curve Analysis
Authors: Hazlett Randy D. , Farooq Umer , Babu Desarazu K.
Published: April 2021

Decline curve analysis (DCA) has been the mainstay in unconventional reservoir evaluation. Because of the extremely low matrix permeability, each well is evaluated economically for ultimate recovery as if it were its own reservoir. Classification and normalization of well potential is difficult because of ever-changing stimulation total contact area and a hyperbolic curve fit parameter that is disconnected from any traditional reservoir characterization descriptor. A new discrete fracture model approach allows direct modeling of inflow performance in terms of fracture geometry, drainage volume shape, and matrix permeability. Running such a model with variable geometrical input to match the data in lieu of standard regression techniques allows extraction of a meaningful parameter set for reservoir characterization, an expected outcome from all conventional well testing.

Because the entirety of unconventional well operation is in transient mode, the discrete fractured well solution to the diffusivity equation is used to model temporal well performance. The analytical solution to the diffusivity equation for a line source or a 2D fracture operating under constrained bottomhole pressure consists of a sum of terms, each with exponential damping with time. Each of these terms has a relationship with the constant rate, semisteady-state solution for inflow, although the well is not operated with constant rate, nor will this flow regime ever be realized.

The new model is compared with known literature models, and sensitivity analyses are presented for variable geometry to illustrate the depiction of different time regimes naturally falling out of the unified diffusivity equation solution for discrete fractures. We demonstrate that apparent hyperbolic character transitioning to exponential decline can be modeled directly with this new methodology without the need to define any crossover point. The mathematical solution to the physical problem captures the rate transient functionality and any and all transitions.

Each exponential term in the model is related to the various possible interferences that may develop, each occurring at a different time, thus yielding geometrical information about the drainage pattern or development of fracture interference within the context of ultralow matrix permeability. Previous results analyzed by traditional DCA can be reinterpreted with this model to yield an alternate set of descriptors. The approach can be used to characterize the efficacy of evolving stimulation practices in terms of geometry within the same field and thus contribute to the current type curve analyses subject to binning. It enables the possibility of intermixing of vertical and horizontal well performance information as simply gathering systems of different geometry operating in the same reservoir. The new method will assist in reservoir characterization and evaluation of evolving stimulation technologies in the same field and allow classification of new type curves.
Rapid thematic analysis of community social and online media in response to mass asymptomatic COVID-19 testing in Liverpool, England
Authors: Robin Charlotte , Symons Charles , Carter Holly
Published: April 2021

Background Mass asymptomatic testing for COVID-19 was piloted for the first time in the UK in Liverpool. There was an urgent need to rapidly evaluate acceptance of asymptomatic testing, specifically identifying barriers and motivators to taking part.Methods As part of the wider evaluation, we conducted a rapid thematic analysis of local narratives media and social media to provide insights from people unlikely to engage in testing or other standard evaluation techniques. Three publicly available sources of community narratives were identified; the comments section of a local online newspaper, the city council Facebook page and Twitter. Data were collected between 2 and 8 November. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.Results Key barriers were accessibility, including site access and concerns over queuing. Queues were also highlighted as a concern due to risk of transmission. Consequences of testing, including an increase in cases leading to further restrictions and financial impact of the requirement to self-isolation were also identified as barriers. In addition, a lack of trust in authorities and the test (including test accuracy and purpose of testing) was identified. Lack of trust was particularly apparent in those with a strong sense of collective identity with the city of Liverpool, which led to a feeling of marginalisation and feeling like test subjects. However, this sense of identity with Liverpool had a dual role and also acted a motivator to engage in testing and encourage others to do so; for this group being part of a pilot was seen as a positive experience and an opportunity to demonstrate the city could successfully manage the virus.Conclusions Our analysis highlights the importance of promoting honest and open communication to encourage and harness existing community identities to enhance the legitimacy of asymptomatic testing as a policy. In addition, adequate and accessible financial support needs to be in place prior to the implementation of community asymptomatic testing to mitigate any concerns surrounding financial hardship. Rapid thematic analysis of social media is a pragmatic method to gather insights from communities around acceptability of public health interventions, such as mass testing or vaccination uptake.
Deletion of ER-retention Motif on SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Reduces Cell Hybrid During Cell-cell Fusion
Authors: Chen Chih-Hsiung , Badeti Saiaditya , Cho Jong Hyun , Naghizadeh Alireza , Wang Xuening , Liu Dongfang
Published: April 2021

The novel SARS-CoV-2 has quickly become a global pandemic since the first reported case in December 2019, with the virus infecting millions of people to date. The spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus plays a key role in binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a host cell receptor for SARS-CoV-2. S proteins that are expressed on the cell membrane can initiate receptor-dependent syncytia formation that is associated with extensive tissue damage. Formation of syncytia have been previously observed in cells infected with various other viruses (e.g., HIV, Ebola, Influenza, and Herpesviruses). However, this phenomenon is not well documented and the mechanisms regulating the formation of these syncytia by SARS-CoV-2 are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the possibility that cell fusion events mediated by the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 interaction can occur in different human cell lines that mimic different tissue origins. These cell lines were stably transduced with either wild-type (WT-S) S protein or a mutated variant where the ER-retention motif was removed (Δ19-S), or human ACE2 vectors. Different co-culture combinations of spike-expressing 293T, A549, K562, and SK-Hep1 cells with hACE2-expressing cells revealed cell hybrid fusion. However, only certain cells expressing S protein can form syncytial structures as this phenomenon cannot be observed in all co-culture combinations. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 mediated cell-cell fusion represents a cell type-dependent process which might rely on a different set of parameters. Recently, the Δ19-S variant is being widely used to increase SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus production for in vitro assays. Comparison of cell fusion occurring via Δ19-S expressing cells shows defective nuclear fusion and syncytia formation compared to WT-S. This distinction between the Δ19-S variant and WT-S protein may have downstream implications for studies that utilize pseudovirus-based entry assays. Additionally, this study suggest that spike protein expressed by vaccines may affect different ACE2-expressing host cells after SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration. The long-term effects of these vaccines should be monitored carefully.
How unequal vaccine distribution promotes the evolution of vaccine escape
Authors: Gerrish Philip , Saldana Fernando , Galeota-Sprung Benjamin , Colato Alexandre , Rodriguez Erika , Velasco-Hernandez Jorge
Published: April 2021

Health officials warn that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines must be uniformly distributed within and among countries if we are to quell the ongoing pandemic. Yet there has been little critical assessment of the underlying reasons for this warning. Here, we explicitly show why vaccine equity is necessary. Perhaps counter-intuitively, we find that vaccine escape mutants are less likely to come from highly vaccinated regions where there is strong selection pressure favoring vaccine escape and more likely to come from neighboring unvaccinated regions where there is no selection favoring escape. Unvaccinated geographic regions thus provide evolutionary reservoirs from which new strains can arise and cause new epidemics within neighboring vaccinated regions and beyond. Our findings have timely implications for vaccine rollout strategies and public health policy.
Molecular Docking, Pharmacokinetic Properties and Toxicity Studies of Novel Folate Conjugated To α-Tocopherol via Peptide Bond
Authors: Abdel-Hafez Shams H. , Gobouri Adil A. , Mohammed Anber. F. , Hussein Mostafa A.
Published: April 2021

A novel folate conjugated to α-tocopherol (VAF) via peptide bond was Successfully synthesized by using three components vitamin e (α-tocopherol), chloro acetamide and folic acid under mild and simple conditions. The new synthesized compound was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance 1H NMR, 13H NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. A molecular docking study for targeted compound (VAF ) was performed and showed growth-inhibitory activity towards the human folate receptor alpha (FRα) that may affectively the folate uptake by cancer cells. Further, The predicted pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity of the compound (VAF) and folic acid (F) were determined using a statistical analysis (ADMET). It was suggested that pharmacokinetic properties of compound (VAF) represents a promising drug and used as anticancer agents.
Application of 3-nitrooxypropanol and canola oil to mitigate enteric methane emissions of beef cattle results in distinctly different effects on the rumen microbial community
Authors: Gruninger Robert J , Zhang Xiu Min , Smith Megan L. , Kung Limin , Vyas Diwakar , McGinn Sean M. , Kindermann Maik , Wang Min , Tan Zhi Liang , Beauchemin Karen A.
Published: April 2021

Background: The major GHG from ruminants is enteric methane (CH4) which in 2010, was estimated at 2.1 Gt of CO2 equivalent, accounting for 4.3% of global GHG emissions. There re extensive efforts being made around the world to develop methane mitigating inhibitors that specifically target rumen methanogens with the ultimate goal of reducing the environmental footprint of ruminant livestock production. This study examined the individual and combined effects of supplementing a high-forage diet (90% barley silage) fed to beef cattle with the investigational methane (CH4) inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and canola oil (OIL) on the rumen microbial community in relation to enteric CH4 emissions and ruminal fermentation.Results: 3-NOP and OIL individually reduced enteric CH4 emission (-28.2% and -24.0%, respectively), and the effects were additive when used in combination (-51.3%). 3-NOP increased H2 emissions 37 fold, while co-administering 3-NOP and OIL increased H2 in the rumen 20-fold relative to the control diet. The inclusion of 3-NOP or OIL reduced the diversity of the rumen microbiome. 3-NOP resulted in targeted changes in the microbiome decreasing the relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter and increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. The inclusion of OIL resulted in large scale changes to the microbial community that were associated with changes in ruminal volatile fatty acid concentration and gas production. OIL significantly reduced the abundance of protozoa and fiber-degrading microbes in the rumen but it did not selectively alter the abundance of rumen methanogens.Conclusions: Our data provide a mechanistic understanding of CH4 inhibition by 3-NOP and OIL when fed alone and in combination to cattle. 3-NOP specifically targeted rumen methanogens inhibiting the hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis pathway and resulting in increased H2 emissions and propionate production. In contrast, OIL caused large scale changes in the rumen microbial community by indiscriminately altering the abundance of a range of rumen microbes, reducing the abundance of fibrolytic bacteria and altering rumen fermentation. Importantly, our data suggests that co-administering CH4 inhibitors with distinct mechanisms of action can both enhance CH4 inhibition and provide alternative sinks to prevent excessive accumulation of ruminal H2.
Ceftazidime-avibactam Versus Tigecycline for the Treatment of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae-induced Pneumonia in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Shi Ying , Hu Jing , Liu Peiben , Wang Tingting , Wang Han , Liu Yun , Cao Quan , Zuo Xiangrong
Published: April 2021

Background: To assess the safety patterns and outcomes of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) versus tigecycline (TGC) for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) pneumonia defined as either hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).Methods: Clinical and microbiological cure rates, 28-day survival rates, and safety evaluation were compared between patients treated with CAZ-AVI versus those treated with TGC in a retrospective study. Conventional multivariate logistic regression analysis and three propensity score (PS) analyses were performed to control for confounding variables.Results: A total of 105 cases were included in the study; 62 patients (59%) received TGC, and 43 patients (41%) received CAZ-AVI. Clinical cure rates and microbiological cure success of CAZ-AVI were superior to TGC [51.2% versus 29.0%(P=0.022) and74.4% versus 33.9%（P<0.001）, respectively]. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to 28-day survival rates (66.1% versus 69.8%, P=0.695). In analyses of conventional multivariate logistic regression and propensity score (PS) analysis, patients in the CAZ-AVI group were more likely to have achieved clinical cure and microbiological success compared with patients in the TGC group. However, the difference between the two groups with regard to 28-day survival rates were not significant. In terms of safety evaluation, generally, the CAZ-AVI group had a lower incidence of adverse reactions when compared with the TGC group.Conclusions: CAZ-AVI may be a suitable alternative to TGC for the treatment of HAP or VAP caused by CRKP in critically ill patients.
Pregnancy With Atypical Pulmonary Tuberculosis in COVID-19 Outbreak:A Case Report
Authors: ZHANG Aiping , Liang Manman , Wang Zijian , Hou Weishun , Yang Jianghua
Published: April 2021

BackgroundPregnant women due to reduced resistance, the probability of tuberculosis infection increased, easy to lead to the occurrence of tuberculosis, so pregnancy with tuberculosis is a risk to the health of pregnant women infectious diseases. However, the clinical symptoms of pregnancy with pulmonary tuberculosis are atypical, confused with the physiological reactions of pregnancy, and lack of clinical awareness, especially under the influence of the global COVID-19 epidemic, lung atypical lesions are prone to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis.Case presentationA 21-year-old woman was infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis during the third trimester of pregnancy. The diagnosis and treatment of the patient were reported.Conclusion﻿The interaction between tuberculosis and pregnancy is like a double-edged sword. Reaising doctors’awareness on tuberculosis is fundamental, and early diagnosis and standardized treatment are the key to improve the outcome of pregnancy.
Analysis of Achyranthes aspera leaf extract and environmental safety evaluation to non target Nile tilapia fish fingerlings, Oreochromis niloticus.
Authors: Mandefro Belayhun , Tiku Mereta Seid , Fremichael Dawit , Fereja Workineh M. , Ambelu Argaw
Published: April 2021

Background: Although plant molluscicides are biodegradable and less toxic to higher animals, unregulated applications could affect other non target aquatic species. Eco toxicological studies are required to evaluate whether they are safe to those economically and ecologically important fish species. According to previous studies, Achyranthes aspera is a molluscicidal plant with LC90 of 96.5 mg/L and the current study is to investigate its toxic effect to Nile tilapia fish fingerlings, Oreochromis niloticus. Methods: Seven fish fingerlings were exposed to serial dilutions of A. aspera leaf aqueous extract for 96 hours in duplicate setup. Phytoconstituents were identified by GC-MS and lethal concentrations were determined by probit model. The NOAEC was determined by hypothesis testing on the survival data. Results: The respective piscicidal LC1, LC10 and LC50 values were 897.4, 1063.9 and 1310.74 mg/L. The NOAEC was 1100 mg/L (p>0.05). GC-MS analysis revealed 12 phytoconstituents including a monoterpene. Conclusion: The result shows that A. aspera is non toxic and hence is safe to Nile tilapia fish especially at its molluscicidal dose limit (96.5 mg/L LC90) corroborating to the plant’s target specific molluscicidal potential.
Green synthesis of Microalgal biomass-silver nanoparticles composite showing antimicrobial activity and heterogenous catalysis of nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Priyadarshini Sushree S. , Sethi Shradhanjali , Rout Shweta , Mishra Pravat Manjari , Pradhan Nilotpala
Published: April 2021

In this study we have demonstrated an integrated approach for utilization of microalga Scenedesmus sp, generated during CO2 sequestration, in fabrication of catalytic and antimicrobial silver nanoparticles composite. The algal biomass was grown in open raceway pond of 30,000 L scale for CO2 sequestration, after which it was harvested and dried. The dried biomass served as a reducing and immobilizing agent for silver nanoparticles. The biomass-silver nanoparticles composite was used for the first time, as a heterogenous catalyst for reduction of a prominent industrial pollutant, p-Nitrophenol, in aqueous medium under ambient condition. Series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of calcination temperature, load and reuse of the material on its catalytic efficiency. The calcined composite material was found to be an excellent catalyst for reduction of p-Nitrophenol. As low as 5 mg mL− 1 calcined material could catalyse the reduction of more than 95% p-Nitrophenol at the rate of 0.60 mg L− 1 min − 1 in aqueous solution at 10 ppm concentration. The efficiency of catalysis was evaluated for ten cycles of reuse. The material was found to be a potential candidate as a reusable heterogenous catalyst for designing continuous flow system for remediation of industrial effluents rich in p-Nitrophenol. Furthermore the material served as a good antimicrobial agent against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Two strains each of gram + ve and gram –ve bacteria and three strains of fungi were used in the antimicrobial studies using well diffusion method.
Do TRCK1 affect Market Performance? Evidence from Cooperative Bank of Oromia Share Company in West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Tulu Daniel Tadesse , Umbuse Guluma
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Customer Relationship Management(CRM) on the market performance of the Cooperative Bank of Oromia(CBO) in West Shoa Zone branches. In this study, both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were employed. The total sample size for the study was 263. Mean and standard deviation, Correlation, and multiple linear regressions were used for analysis. The findings confirm that customer knowledge management, focusing on the main customer, CRM-based technology, and relationship marketing has a positive and significant relationship with the market performance of the bank. Therefore, CBO has to strengthen the implementation of CRM appropriately and continuously, as an indispensable tool for gaining competitive advantage and building long-lasting and profitable relationships with its customers to achieve its market performance.JEL classification: M1, M3
Microbiota in Uterine Cavity of Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (URSA) Patients in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Bai Shiyu , Fu Shuai , Zhu Liqiong , Chen Manqi , Huang Bingqian , Hu Lihao , Chen Hui , Zhang Jianping
Published: April 2021

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the uterine cavity microbial composition in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) patients and to understand the correlation between URSA and uterine cavity microbiota. Methods Using the double-lumen embryo transfer tubes to collect uterine cavity fluid samples from pregnant women in their first trimester. 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted to analysis the composition and abundance of the microbiota in samples. Results We enrolled 10 URSA cases and 28 induced miscarriage cases in their early pregnancy. Microbial communities were detected in all samples of URSA group (100%, n = 10) vs. none of control group (0%, n=28). Two most dominant microbes are Lactobacillus and Curvibacter. Conclusion This study showed Lactobacillus and Curvibacter dominated colonizing in uterine cavity of URSA patients during early pregnancy and associated with URSA. Changes of dominant microbiota will lead to bad pregnancy outcome.