bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-stage transient stimulated Raman chirped-pulse amplification in KGd(WO4)2 with compression to 145 fs
Authors: Mackonis Paulius , Petrulenas Augustinas , Rodin Aleksej M. , Girdauskas Vytenis , Michailovas Andrejus
Published: October 2020

We report efficient amplification of chirped supercontinuum pulses in a two-stage stimulated Raman amplifier based on double tungstate [

K
G
d

(

W
O

4

)
2

] crystals, pumped with 1.2 ps transform-limited pulses at a 1030 nm wavelength. The second stage demonstrates a conversion efficiency of 55% with an output pulse energy of 0.6 mJ at a 1135 nm wavelength. The amplified Stokes bandwidth is 10 times the pump bandwidth, providing 145 fs pulses after compression.
UV-pumped visible Tb3+-lasers
Authors: Kalusniak S. , Tanaka H. , Castellano-Hernández E. , Kränkel C.
Published: October 2020

We report on continuous-wave laser operation of

T
b

3
+

:

L
i
L
u
F

4

under UV pumping. More than five times higher absorption cross sections in the UV allow for shorter gain media, which are required for future high-power diode pumping. The cross-relaxation process is found to efficiently populate the upper laser level

5

D

4

at doping concentrations typically used in

T
b

3
+

-doped gain media. Pumping with a frequency doubled Ti:sapphire laser at 359 nm enables laser operation in the green and yellow spectral range with slope efficiencies of 41% and 20%, respectively, at optical-to-optical efficiencies a factor of two higher than under cyan-blue pumping.
The R-RAP revisited: Current conceptualizations and applications
Authors: Williams Britton
Published: October 2020

Existing research finds that how the client feels towards the therapist and the therapist towards the client will have a direct impact on the therapeutic relationship. Yet little has been written about how to understand and process the therapist–client relationship in drama therapy. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to illustrate how a relational perspective and use of the Relational-Roles Assessment Protocol (R-RAP) may be implemented in the therapist’s embodied supervision and collaborative therapeutic processes. This article extends the existing R-RAP by providing how-to steps and case illustrations for applying the R-RAP to supervisory settings and in collaboration with clients. The article ends with emergent ideas and considerations for future applications.
Feudal alliances in a hyper-capitalist world: Power and organization in EVE Online
Authors: Milik Oskar , Webber Nick
Published: October 2020

EVE Online is a massively multiplayer online game that has gained notoriety for player organizations boasting thousands of active members. The complexity of these groups presents substantial challenges, and leaders have explored multiple approaches to organization and governance. They often employ structures and language drawn from historical social systems, family or nationality to create social order. Here we examine the use of feudalism in EVE – as a structure of power, an indicator of legitimacy and a mechanism of waging war. We demonstrate that even as leaders incorporate feudal language into their organizations, their application of these concepts is influenced by capitalism and individualism. We argue that the final social and economic system is neither truly feudal nor capitalist, but instead an accommodation between the two, shaped by player knowledge, experience and in-game needs. We conclude that such systems support legitimate structures of power, which encourage player participation and produce more sustainable player organizations.
The Interaction Model of Concentrated Solar Radiation with Materials
Authors: M.S Payzullakhanov
Published: October 2020

The paper analyzes approaches to modeling the processes of interaction of concentrated solar radiation with materials. The experimental results obtained on the synthesis of materials from a melt in a solar furnace are presented. The features of the interaction of concentrated solar radiation with materials are analyzed. The mechanisms are described and a model for the interaction of concentrated solar radiation with materials is created. A feasibility study is proposed for the technology of glass-based glass materials obtained on the Big Solar Furnace.
My Experience Teaching General Chemistry to a Student who is Visually Impaired
Authors:   Troy University, M. E. Stewart Katherine
Published: October 2020

This paper summarizes my experience with teaching a first-year, General Chemistry course to a visually impaired student. This includes accommodations and modifications for both the lecture material and the laboratory. Included are also examples of formats and syntax for txt-based quizzes, tests, and laboratory reports, as well as other general accommodations for both the student and the service dog.
Supplemental Online Learning Tools (SOLTs) to Support Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students in Introductory Statistics Courses
Authors:   Rochester Institute of Technology, McClive Jacqueline , Mousley Keith ,   Rochester Institute of Technology, E. Marchetti Carol ,   Rochester Institute of Technology, Simkins David ,   Rochester Institute of Technology, Blatto-Vallee Gary ,   Rochester Institute of Technology, Jackson Jane ,   Rochester Institute of Technology, Foster Sue ,   Rochester Institute of Technology
Published: October 2020

Research in most Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines uses statistical methods. Thus as students develop into research scientists, introductory statistics serves as a gateway course. If students struggle to incorporate statistics into their knowledge base, they may be effectively kept from careers that rely on statistics. Students who are Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) learn differently and thus may lag behind their hearing counterparts in mainstream classrooms. In part, a gap in language knowledge can impede the understanding of statistics topics. What is a variable? What does it mean to have a distribution? With sign language interpreters and other support services, many mainstream instructors believe that DHH students have equal access to learning in their classrooms. Yet variations of instructional skill, interpreter knowledge of the discipline, and the lack of alternative representations of content often result in access that falls short of "equal". This paper describes the work of a team of faculty and student researchers seeking best practices for creating supplemental online learning tools. Starting from a list of prioritized challenging topics in statistics, the team developed a number of strategies and produced a pilot set of instructional videos. Formative feedback led to revised videos, which provided a significant gain in knowledge for DHH students when shown in an experimental setting.
Exploring User Interface Improvements for Software Developers who are Blind
Authors:   Minnesota State University-Mankato, Salivia Guarionex , Million Flint ,   Minnesota State University-Mankato, Bening Megan ,   Minnesota State University-Mankato
Published: October 2020

Software developers who are blind and interact with the computer non-visually face unique challenges with information retrieval. We explore the use of speech and Braille combined with software to provide an improved interface to aid with challenges associated with information retrieval. We motivate our design on common tasks performed by students in a software development course using a Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages (MIPS) architecture simulation tool. We test our interface via a single-subject longitudinal study, and we measure and show improvement in both the user’s performance and the user experience.
Exploring STEM Kit Diagrams for Braille Readers in Inclusive Classrooms
Authors:   Federal College of Education Oyo, Nigeria, A. Adelakun Dr. Sariat
Published: October 2020

Diagrams appear in many school subjects but more prominent in science and mathematics taught in schools. Accessing these diagrams in an inclusive classroom has been identified to be problematic for blind students partly due to the teaching resources available and personnel type, support and sufficiency. Diagrams are mostly omitted by teachers leaving the blind person out in such classroom to access portion of education received by their peers. In many instances, questions with diagrams are treated as bonus for blind students in some countries which is not fair to them. This study explored the efficacy of STEM Kit diagrams on participation and inclusion of blind students in science lessons in two case schools in Nigeria. Data were collected through classroom observations and teacher and student interviews. The accessible diagrams in the STEM Kit were found to provide relevant solutions to problems militating against adequate accessibility of diagrams to blind students in inclusive classrooms.
Evasão ou permanência? Modelos preditivos para a gestão do Ensino Superior
Authors: Silva Fernanda Cristina da , Cabral Thiago Luiz de Oliveira , Pacheco Andressa Sasaki Vasques
Published: October 2020

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo propor modelos estatísticos preditivos para a gestão da evasão em cursos graduação de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior brasileira. Para isso, realizamos um estudo aplicado em quatro cursos de graduação a distância de uma Universidade pública brasileira. Levantamos os dados de 2.991 alunos a partir dos sistemas institucionais da Universidade e utilizamos o método de Regressão Logística Binária. Ao final, concluímos que, para diferentes cursos, variáveis distintas podem influenciar no fenômeno da evasão, bem como uma mesma variável pode gerar efeitos distintos em diferentes realidades. Além disso, os modelos estatísticos preditivos desenvolvidos permitiram a inferência “evasão” ou “permanência” para os alunos ativos na época da coleta dos dados. Em apuração parcial da acurácia dos modelos, identificamos que nove em cada 10 evasões que ocorreram foram identificadas previamente pelos modelos desenvolvidos. Isso evidencia o potencial para o uso de modelos preditivos na gestão da evasão estudantil, dando-se base para a revisão de políticas e gestão educacionais por meio da identificação das variáveis que influenciam a evasão e a permanência dos estudantes, bem como por meio da identificação precoce dos alunos em risco de evasão.
Doświadczenie Kościoła w Kazachstanie
Authors: KEMNITZ ANNA
Published: October 2020

Doświadczenie Kościoła w Kazachstanie
Deutschland-Bilder. Imagologische und kulturgeschichtliche Perspektiven
Authors: Nell Werner
Published: October 2020

Like all those pictures of other countries, which are treated in imagological research, images of Germany are also complex, mediated by social history and historical experience, misunderstanding, misrepresentation and ideological assumptions. On the whole, these images represent the expectations and experiences of the observer even as they can truly be connected with the history, or social and cultural affairs, of the population. Thus, these images appear to be reversible figures that are simultaneously true and the products of subjective perception.
Flexionsmarker der zweiten Person Singular aus diachroner und synchroner Sicht. Vom germanischen zum althochdeutschen Zustand.
Authors: Woźnicka Marta
Published: October 2020

Flexion elements are a typical feature of the so-called flexion languages and are characterized by the fact that they change their form depending on (in-)flexion and they decode at least two functions. In the case of a Germanic verb inflexion elements stand for two categories: person and a singular/ plural form. In Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Germanic the inflection elements were relatively independent and it was easy to separate them from a verb stem which consisted of the so-called root and other components such as tense or mode markers. In old Germanic languages the processes of fusion and creating portmanteau word(s) (language contamination so to speak) were so advanced that it is difficult, yet not impossible, to separate primary flexion elements. The article presents the development of the 2-nd person singular marker from the Germanic state with regard to the Gothic language up to the old-high-German phase. The markers which were analysed belonged to the Present and Past Tense paradigm of all modes of the selected verb groups, that is both weak and strong ones and the rest not belonging to any of the groups mentioned above. The flexion elements were identified using a synchronic model of a morphological description worked out by Józef Darski (1987, 22004). Modification of the model concerning the character of diachronic studies ensures alsoa proper historical description.
Sprachkontaktinduzierte Grammatikalisierung am Beispiel des polnischen und kaschubischen Tempussystems
Authors: Bartelik Piotr
Published: October 2020

This paper investigates various aspects of grammaticalization of Polish and Kashubian periphrastic verb forms with mieć\miec and bëc and participles. The involvement of factors, which are due to language contact or to autonomous development is thoroughly explored and analyzed in the context of basic grammaticalization parameters. At the same time this contribution should prove with valid arguments the thesis of an inhomogeneous, variably realized and partly of others (all above pragmatic) factors dependent grammaticalization der habere-\esse-forms in the Slavia. So this paper refers both to the canonical differences in the realization of single grammaticalization parameters as well as broader developmental tendencies in the Slavia.
Rektionskomposita im Deutschen und im Chinesischen
Authors: Yang Yaqing
Published: October 2020

The subject of this article are nominal compounds in German and Chinese which are assigned to the class of synthetic compounds. Such compounds are based on a verb stem, to which are added lexical morphemes and/or suffixes anchored in the grammar and semantics of the (verbal) head. In German, the verb with the suffix forms a derivative which, as the basic word, selects an argument (object or subject) in function of the determinative word. In this way, a government relationship is established between the constituents of the compound. This applies equally to action nouns and agent nouns. In Chinese, there are not formal exponents of the action noun, so the analysis had to be limited to agent nouns. In their derivation, the verb stem and its object mostly form a constituent that acts as a complement of the agent exponent. The examination of such synthetic compounds is carried out from the perspective of the argument.
„Thomas Mann – langweilig und ohne dramaturgische Spannung“. Deutschsprachige Literatur in Nikodem Cieszyńskis Zeitschrift Roczniki Katolickie
Authors: Jakubów Marek
Published: October 2020

The periodical Roczniki Katolickie, published in the 1920s and 1930s, was part of an anti-modernist project created in European Catholic circles. The information about German literature, which can be found in the magazine, on the one hand, served as a means of reinforcing feelings of belonging to a borderless confessional community and, on the other hand, constituted an element of German-Polish cultural transfer. Analyzing its content helps determine the extent of influence of the forms and aesthetic and literary categories disseminated within the Catholic milieu as well as the transformations of the image of the stereotypical German that was dominant in Poland at that time.
Object Selection by Automatic Spreading of Top-Down Attentional Signals in V1
Authors: Ekman Matthias , Roelfsema Pieter R. , de Lange Floris P.
Published: October 2020

What is selected when attention is directed to a specific location of the visual field? Theories of object-based attention have suggested that when spatial attention is directed to part of an object, attention does not simply enhance the attended location but automatically spreads to enhance all locations that comprise the object. Here, we tested this hypothesis by reconstructing the distribution of attention from primary visual cortex (V1) population neuronal activity patterns in 24 human adults (17 female) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and population-based receptive field (prf) mapping. We find that attention spreads from a spatially cued location to the underlying object, and enhances all spatial locations that comprise the object. Importantly, this spreading was also evident when the object was not task relevant. These data suggest that attentional selection automatically operates at an object level, facilitating the reconstruction of coherent objects from fragmented representations in early visual cortex.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTObject perception is an astonishing feat of the visual system. When visual information about orientation, shape, and color enters through our eyes, it has yet to be integrated into a coherent representation of an object. But which visual features constitute a single object and which features belong to the background? The brain mechanisms underpinning object perception are yet to be understood. We now demonstrate that one candidate mechanism, the successive activation of all parts of an object, occurs in early visual cortex and results in a detailed representation of the object following Gestalt principles. Furthermore, our results suggest that object selection occurs automatically, without involving voluntary control.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP SUCCESSION PLANNING: STUDY ON A MALAYSIAN GLC
Authors: Abdul Shukor Shamsulkahar , Hussain Suhaidah
Published: October 2020

The scope of this research paper is to study the factors influencing effective Leadership Succession Planning (LSP) of one of the main Government Linked Companies (GLC).  Background of the study provides an understanding of the external factors as well that have an influence on the topic of study, which covers among others, on the Malaysian economic policy itself. This study is aimed to study the current factors and the gap that is influencing the effectiveness of current LSP initiatives by a service-oriented of Malaysian Government Linked Company and to highlight some key critical factors as proposed in the literature. Factors influencing the effectiveness of LSP are also subject on the ability of the leaders to adapt to external changes particularly in the era of a borderless economic and faster rate of technology changes, and there are some differences from one organization to another, subject to the nature of the business and their stakeholders. However, there are some common important factors can be used as guidelines and practices particularly from the research literature.  Therefore, a qualitative study was conducted to be carried out to fulfil the objectives and to answer the research questions.  An interview with the Group Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of one GLC, who is the subject matter expert. The recording from the interview was transcribed and further analyzed using ATLAS.ti software.  The findings evidence that there is the current practice of leadership succession planning in the company, anyhow there is a gap between the aspirations of the Group CEO and the availability of C-level replacement from within, and between the reality and the theories. Results of the findings identify the outcomes that need to be taken into action for a more effective LSP program. In the future, similar research approach can be conducted to other GLCs in order to analyze the similarities and complementary aspirations with regards to LSP.
FURTHER EVIDENCE ON THE LINK BETWEEN FIRM’S CONTROL MECHANISMS AND FIRM FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: SULTANATE OF OMAN
Authors: Ahmed Essia Ries , Alabdullah Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif , Shaharudin Muhammad Shabir , Putri Eskasari
Published: October 2020

Based on the agency theory perspective and its corporate governance problem, the current study investigated how control mechanisms affect firm financial performance with special concentrate on the role of audit committee on the enhancement of firm financial performance. The empirical findings of this study based on the listed companies in the Sultanate of Oman revealed that the control mechanisms, including committee size and board independence, positively enhance financial performance represented by ROE and therefore this leads to encourage firms to focus on such mechanisms. By contrast, audit size, board size and board independence are totally not motivated to engage with financial performance due to the insignificant link with ROA. On the other hand, a negative correlation has been found between board meeting and financial performance represented by ROE. The practical evidence of the implications  by the current study found that for improvement of firm financial performance; that even though if most of the GCC governments recently have focused on corporate social responsibility because largely voluntary nature of corporate social responsibility, they should focus of the control mechanisms that suggested by the current study to play a significant role for enhancing firm financial performance.
Chemical-Genetic Interactions with the Proline Analog L-Azetidine-2-Carboxylic Acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Berg Matthew D , Zhu Yanrui , Isaacson Joshua , Genereaux Julie , Loll-Krippleber Raphaël , Brown Grant W , Brandl Christopher J
Published: October 2020

Non-proteinogenic amino acids, such as the proline analog L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZC), are detrimental to cells because they are mis-incorporated into proteins and lead to proteotoxic stress. Our goal was to identify genes that show chemical-genetic interactions with AZC in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and thus also potentially define the pathways cells use to cope with amino acid mis-incorporation. Screening the yeast deletion and temperature sensitive collections, we found 72 alleles with negative chemical-genetic interactions with AZC treatment and 12 alleles that suppress AZC toxicity. Many of the genes with negative chemical-genetic interactions are involved in protein quality control pathways through the proteasome. Genes involved in actin cytoskeleton organization and endocytosis also had negative chemical-genetic interactions with AZC. Related to this, the number of actin patches per cell increases upon AZC treatment. Many of the same cellular processes were identified to have interactions with proteotoxic stress caused by two other amino acid analogs, canavanine and thialysine, or a mistranslating tRNA variant that mis-incorporates serine at proline codons. Alleles that suppressed AZC-induced toxicity functioned through the amino acid sensing TOR pathway or controlled amino acid permeases required for AZC uptake. Further suggesting the potential of genetic changes to influence the cellular response to proteotoxic stress, overexpressing many of the genes that had a negative chemical-genetic interaction with AZC suppressed AZC toxicity.
Del derecho al deber: La impronta ética de los derechos humanos a partir de la responsabilidad de proteger
Authors: Bonet de Viola Ana María , Viola Federico Ignacio
Published: October 2020

The objective of this work is to propose, from an ethical perspective, a rethinking of the principle of “responsibility to protect”.  It starts from the premise that the violence generated by the intervention on any alterity is a reflection of the modern roots of contemporary rights and its individualistic postulates, based on the extreme defense of identity.  It is proposed to review these postulates through a reformulation of the legal concept of responsibility to protect, in order to propose an ethical approach to human rights, as rights of alterity. This means, in definitive, a rethinking of the terms of global coexistence: sociality is not constituted by addition of identities, but as an excess of responsibilities.
Disertaciones sobre la cultura de paz en Costa Rica
Authors: Rivera Alfaro Ronald
Published: October 2020

The present article analyzes the right to peace and the living of a culture of peace, as the fundamental axes of Costa Rican society, from a grounded or theoretical perspective of human rights as cultural products.  In this manner, it reflects on the violation and disrespect for human rights as the result of simplistic and reduced visions resulting from the same legal order, from conjunctural political approaches and from the weakening of democratic institutions, stemming from the constraint of the citizen's will.  In this sense, part of the results is aimed at elucidating social changes that generate new fabrics of meaning, which configure and rewrite a more intelligible complexity of the political “obscenities” that are exposed on a daily basis, as well as a new feeling and thinking of the culture of peace that warn of the breadth and materialization of a broad perspective on human rights.
“Afortunadamente”: Historia oral de una familia salvadoreña y su migración Norte-Sur
Authors: L. López Maité Cristina
Published: October 2020

The objective of this essay is to accompany, through testimony, oral tradition of Latin American, our Salvadoran co-writer on her migration journey from El Salvador to Costa Rica.  To open ourselves to the experiential richness that emerges from words and memories as a mirror of our Central American and Costa Rican realities.  From the voice of our collaborator, a Central America appears with a history of colonial, imperialist and capitalist imposition that sows, on our rich lands, a culture of pervasive violence, from the wombs of women to the nation States, whose birthed fruits are necropolitics, xenophobia and sociocultural and economic poverty of our peoples.
CONTAR LA HISTORIA PARA QUE NUNCA MÁS: Vivencias y relatos de las mujeres exprisioneras políticas en campo de concentración de Pisagua
Authors: Rojas Valdés Anyelina
Published: October 2020

The memory, moreover, the recent memory of a determined social group, in a space, time and context, constitutes part of the social and collective heritage.  Indeed, memory is also part of heritage, a concept that has evolved from the monumentalist conception to new approaches currently present in the social sciences.  It is along this line that memory is understood and defended by the women who suffered political imprisonment and torture, in the Pisagua Prison Camp, located in the Tarapacá region of Chile, 163 kilometers from Iquique, the regional capital. The political confinement center operated as of September 1973, in the wake of the military coup that took place in Chile; however, it had also fulfilled that same role on two other occasions.  Now senior citizens, these women decide to present their testimony, today, at this phase of their lives, motivated by a deep feeling that translates into one slogan: So that never again.  With this engagement, they make visible their particular situation as surviving women, who, despite all the pain, have reintegrated into society, established families and kept their ideals as lively or even more so than yesterday.
La grave crisis de los derechos humanos en Brasil y sus implicaciones para los pueblos indígenas: En búsqueda de criterios jurídicos favorables desde la experiencia Latinoamericana
Authors: Corrêa de Almeida Marina
Published: October 2020

The present article is part of the result of postdoctoral research work that seeks to find, in international and Latin American jurisprudence, favorable criteria for agreements that guarantee respect for the multiethnic and multicultural condition of our nations and, in this way, the human rights of indigenous peoples of the region.  In this sense, the proposed analysis pursues to find possibilities to contribute to the development of Brazilian jurisprudence on the subject matter, considering that Brazilian indigenous peoples are currently facing a new period of dispossession and violence towards their community forms of life in their territories.  We employ the socio-historical analysis of the current situation in the field of struggle that is the discourse of human rights in Brazil, and its effectiveness for the defense of the collective rights of indigenous peoples, especially their right to territory and natural resources.  Then, we move on to the exercise of jurisprudential analysis, to the standards of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the subject, in order to find in them favorable meanings to the protection of the collective rights of peoples.  Thus, the present work finds in these legal discourses criteria that can be recommended to the Supreme Court of Brazil, as legitimate approaches for the respect and protection, of both the collective right to territory and natural resources that indigenous peoples have in accordance with international and Inter-American law, and as grounds to affirm the importance of consultation to guarantee the right to self-determination of peoples.
Parametric Study of an Earth-Air Heat Exchanger Assisted by a Green Wall for Passive Cooling in Hot Climates
Authors: Djamel Belatrache  , Saïd Bentouba  , Mahmoud Bourouis
Published: October 2020

Cooling of buildings during summers in hot climates is an important issue for architects and builders and in terms of energy consumption, residential and tertiary buildings are among the highest consumers. This paper presents a numerical study, focused on a new design for a passive cooling system that uses an earth-air heat exchanger (EAHE), which was assisted by a green wall/air heat exchanger (GAHE) in hot climatic conditions. The tubes buried in the ground and the shadow of a vertical green wall offer considerable advantages for saving energy. The depth of the pipes in the ground was calculated by taking into account the physical properties of the soil. A parametric study was carried out by taking into account the pipe diameter, pipe length, pipe depth in the ground, and the velocity of air in the pipes. The vertical pipe in the green wall allowed a significant additional drop in the air temperature at low air velocities or small pipe depths in the ground. This means that shorter pipe lengths can be used in the earth-air heat exchanger to keep the air outlet temperature of the same order. For an earth air heat exchanger assisted by a green wall operating in hot climates, the design and operation parameters recommended are; pipe diameter 120 mm, length of the buried pipe 4 m, depth in the ground 30 m and air velocity 1 m/s.
ВІД ДЕПРЕСІЇ ДО АКТИВІЗАЦІЇ ЗРОСТАННЯ В ЕКОНОМІЧНІЙ І СОЦІАЛЬНІЙ СФЕРАХ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: ЄЩЕНКО Петро
Published: October 2020

Розглянуто роль економічної політики, що базується на неоліберальній те-орії, в депресії української економіки. Доведено, що в Україні утворився плу-тократичний лад, базою якого є взаємопроникаючі та взаємодоповнюючі інте-реси суб’єктів кримінальної економіки і чиновників владних структур усіх рі-внів. Замість обіцяної економіки всезагального статку і рівності в суспільстві відтворюється економіка абсурдів і парадоксів. Українська економіка, колись одна з найрозвинутіших економік світу, виявилася найвідсталішою в Євро-пі, народ України – найбіднішим, а її олігархи – найбагатшими (у розрахунку на 100 тис. дол. ВВП) у світі. Не викликає сумнівів, що відтворювана система є протиприродною і веде наше суспільство до катастрофи. Обгрунтовано, що Україні потрібен рішучий поворот до принципово нового укладу життя, а отже – і до зміни соціально-економічної структури суспільства. Відповідь на існую-чі проблеми та суперечності полягає в пошуку нової системи теоретичних знань, властивому науці, і суспільній в тому числі.На думку автора, для забезпечення переходу від депресії до зростання на-ціональної економіки нашій країні необхідно змінити модель ринкової еконо-міки, з акцентом на внутрішньоекономічний розвиток із значним розширенням внутрішнього попиту, збільшенням споживання та інвестицій. Це сприятиме економічному суверенітету країни, посилить її експортні можливості. Важливе місце в цьому процесі має бути відведене комплексному плану радикальної реконструкції народного господарства, з акцентом на реіндустріалізацію всіх сфер економіки, раціональне розміщення продуктивних сил і перекваліфікацію працівників відповідно до вимог ІТР. Для цього необхідно розробити довго-строкову програму стратегічного розвитку країни, в основі якої має бути наці-ональний інтерес.
ПРОГРАМНО-ЦІЛЬОВИЙ МЕТОД БЮДЖЕТУВАННЯ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: РАДІОНОВ Юрій
Published: October 2020

Досліджено стан впровадження в бюджетну систему України програмно-цільового методу. Зазначено, що, незважаючи на сформовану законодавчу та нормативно-правову базу, цей процес має певні недоліки, оскільки учасники бюджетного процесу не завжди дотримуються положень Бюджетного кодексу України та інших нормативно-правових вимог, наприклад, щодо вчасного затвердження і повноти відображення інформації у паспортах бюджетних програм. Крім того, не завжди визначаються мета бюджетної програми та її основні завдання, що нівелює ідеологію програмно-цільового методу й унеможливлює здійснення контролю над ефективним використанням бюджетних коштів.Висунуто гіпотезу, що основною причиною неповноцінного впровадження програмно-цільового методу є недосконалість існуючих економічних інститутів, непередбачувана бюджетна політика і досить часта зміна стратегічних цілей. У цьому зв’язку виникає потреба реформувати бюджетну систему і створити нові фінансово-економічні інститути, які повинні брати активну участь у формуванні бюджету, визначати пріоритети й повністю відповідати сучасним потребам громадян.З урахуванням складної соціально-економічної ситуації в країні програмно-цільовий метод міг би допомогти змінити становище, тому акцентується увага на необхідності при формуванні бюджету аналізувати актуальні проблеми економіки та соціальної сфери, застосовувати комплексний підхід до вирішення проблем, визначати чіткі пріоритети, а також зосереджувати увагу розпорядників коштів на ефективності використання обмежених бюджетних ресурсів. Виділення коштів з бюджету на конкретну мету та ефективне їх використання сприяли б стабілізації фінансової системи, сталій динаміці соціально-економічного розвитку країни.
ПРОСТОРОВІ АСИМЕТРІЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ В УМОВАХ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНО-ФІНАНСОВОЇ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: СТОРОНЯНСЬКА Ірина , БЕНОВСЬКА Лілія
Published: October 2020

Висвітлено теоретичні засади та світовий досвід впливу адміністративно-фінансової децентралізації на процеси просторового розвитку, з'ясовано сучасні тенденції та особливості територіальної диференціації розвитку в Україні, які формуються в умовах децентралізації. Встановлено, що Україні не вдалось уникнути поглиблення територіальної соціально-економічної диференціації, а механізми прямого регулювання і непрямого впливу виявилися неспроможними врегулювати проблеми нерівномірності ендогенного потенціалу розвитку громад та різної ефективності його використання. Сучасний стан просторового розвитку в Україні характеризується такими тенденціями: зниженням рівня міжрегіональної диференціації; посиленням диференціації на рівні районів під впливом механізмів бюджетної децентралізації; зростанням рівня диференціації податкоспроможності територіальних громад, які мають прямі бюджетні відносини з державним бюджетом; посиленням концентрації економічної діяльності в «точках зростання», що продукує тенденцію до розширення ареалів депресивності; посиленням асиметрії між приміськими територіями та віддаленими від великих міст територіальними громадами; поглибленням розриву у фінансових можливостях у межах одного району між територіальними громадами, які увійшли і які не увійшли до об'єднаних територіальних громад.Визначено напрями нівелювання ризиків посилення внутрішньорегіональної диференціації розвитку територіальних громад у сучасних умовах:– підвищення ролі регіонального рівня управління та конкретизація його функцій в умовах децентралізації;– наділення обласного рівня управління фінансовим ресурсом, який буде направлений на підтримання реалізації проектів економічного розвитку регіону;– передання на базовий рівень фінансових ресурсів, які громада зможе використати для власного економічного розвитку, а не тільки на ремонт або розбудову соціальної інфраструктури чи її утримання;– поширення імпульсів розвитку від міст до прилеглих територій на основі їх перетворення на центри об'єднаних територіальних громад; – перегляд механізмів бюджетного вирівнювання шляхом включення в розрахунок податкоспроможності території доходів місцевих бюджетів від рентних платежів.
Selectivity and efficacy of herbicide GF-3488, containing synthetic auxins halauxifen-methyl and clopyralid, in winter oilseed rape crops in Ukraine
Authors:   Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 31/17 Vasylkivska St., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine, Morderer Ye.Yu.
Published: October 2020

Halauxifen-methyl is a new synthetic auxin, which in combination with another auxin-like herbicide clopyralid is the active ingredient of complex herbicide GF-3488, that is used for dicotyledonous weeds control in winter oilseed rape crops. The reason of this study was a necessity to test crop selectivity and efficacy of GF-3488 to control dicotyledonous weeds in winter oilseed rape crops in Ukraine and also the possibility of GF-3488 application in the tank mixture with graminicide or/and insecticide to control monocotyledonous weeds and insects. A randomized block experiment was conducted in 2015—2017 in 4 locations. It was found that under spring applying, the GF-3488 is not inferior to another widely used herbicide Galera Super on selectivity to the crop. Herbicide GF-3488 at the rate 1.0 l/ha was significantly better than Galera Super at the rate 0.3 l/ha in controlling of annual dicotyledonous weeds Papaver rhoeas L., Galium aparine L., Consolida regalis S.F. Gray and was effective to control of certain types of cruciferous weeds, which are resistant to Galera Super. Adding graminicide Fusilade Forte and insecticide Nurelle D did not affect the GF-3488 selectivity to the crop and had no negative impact on dicotyledonous weeds control. Efficacy of monocotyledonous weeds control by graminicide did not change in the mixture with GF-3488. It was concluded that herbicide GF-3488 is effective on winter oilseed rape against dicotyledonous weed species. Therefore for the simultaneous control of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds in winter oilseed rape in the spring after the renewal of the crop vegetation herbicide GF-3488 is advisable to be used in a tank mixture with graminicides, and for simultaneous protection against weeds and pests it can be mixed with insecticides.
About the work of Vinnytsia regional branch of the Ukrainian Society of Plant Physiologists
Authors:   Mykhailo Kotsyubynsky Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University 32 Ostrozhskoho St., Vinnytsia, 21001, Ukraine, Kuryata V.G.
Published: October 2020

The work and the main scientific results of the Vinnytsia branch of the USPP from the moment of its formation to the present time are analyzed. The main direction of research is exogenous regulation of plants source-sink relations in the systems «photosynthesis—growth», «depot of assimilates—growth» in the heterotrophic phase of plant development, and «macrosymbiont—microsymbiont» in symbiotic nitrogen fixation systems. Gibberellin and antigibberellin preparations (retardants) were used to create different tension of source-sink relations. It was found that under the influence of retardants, the decrease in the linear growth rate was accompanied by an increase in the cytokinins content with a decrease in the indoleacetic acid content in stems and leaves tissues of a wide range of plants. The free gibberellins activity was lower compared to control. At the same time, the content of these phytohormones antagonist, abscisic acid, increased. The retardants increased the stem branching, leaves number, weight and leaf surface area, optimized the leaves mesostructural organization, resulting in an increase in the photosynthetic net productivity. These changes lead to increased crop productivity. Under the conditions of artificial combination of external (light/dark) and hormonal factors (gibberellic acid and retardants) during seed germination, changes in the functioning of the source-sink system in the heterotrophic stage of plant development from seeds with different reserve substances types were studied. Gibberellin stimulated the starch breakdown in both light and dark, but under conditions of germination in the dark, the rate of reserve seed starch use was higher. Gibberellin also stimulated the seed reserve proteins hydrolysis, but the process began after intensive starch hydrolysis. Peculiarities of regulation of source-sink relations in the system «macro—microsymbiont» during the processes of symbiotic nitrogen fixation under the action of antigibberellin preparations — retardants are revealed. It was found that the typical reaction of soybean plants to the paclobutrazol application was a decrease in the free form gibberellins activity and an increase in the abscisic acid content, which led to changes in morphogenesis. Under the retardants action, the processes of formation of the symbiotic complex «soybean—Bradyrhizobium japonicum» intensify, nitrogenase activity increased, crop yield rised.
THE EFFECT OF PROPARGYLGLYCINE ON THE ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXATION AND ACTIVITY OF MAIN SOURCES OF SUPEROXIDE ANION GENERATION DURING AGING
Authors:   Bogomoletz Institute of physiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Drachuk K.O. , Dorofeyeva N.A. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of physiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Sagach V. F. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of physiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2020

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of propargylglycine (PAG), an inhibitor of the CSE-dependent pathway of hydrogensulfide synthesis, on the endotheliumdependent relaxation of aortic smooth muscle (SM) in old rats. It was found a violation of SM relaxation in this group of animals. The average value of its amplitude was 7.5 ± 1.4% compared with 64.9 ± 3.5% in healthy adult rats. PAG significantly improved endothelium-dependent relaxation in old rats, the average value of its amplitude increased from 7.5 ± 1.4% to 44,5 ± 3,2%. This effect was due to suppression of superoxide anion generation by inhibition of xanthineoxidase activity.
FEATURES OF CEREBRAL CIRCULATION UNDER CONDITIONS OF MOTOR AND SENSOR DEPRIVATION
Authors:   Kherson State University, Kherson, Ukraine, Golovchenko I.V. ,   MHEI «Kherson Academy of Continuing Education», Kherson, Ukraine, Shkuropat A.V. ,   Kherson State University, Kherson, Ukraine
Published: October 2020

The features of cerebral circulation in children with motor and sensory deprivation were studied. Children with impaired motor activity had reduced blood supply in all leads (except for the frontomastoidal left hemisphere) and peripheral vascular resistance. The tone of the postcapillary type vessels more often decreased in comparison with the values in young men with sensorineural hearing loss. Girls with impaired motor activity had reduced peripheral vascular resistance in all leads and blood circulation in the brain (except for the left carotid artery basin). The tone of the postcapillary vessels in them was more often below the standard values of similar indicators in female students with sensorineural hearing loss. Changes in the cerebral hemodynamics of children reflect the redistribution of the blood supply to the brain. This is due to the peculiarities of the effects of the studied deprivations and the role of motor activity in cerebral hemodynamics.
Clarification of the terminology used for description of calcium transport in different cell types
Authors:   Bogomoletz Institute of physiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Saftenku E.E. , Sneyd J. ,   The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Published: October 2020

Some basic scientific terms in the field of general physiology that studies intracellular calcium transport have a multitude of definitions in the scientific literature. In this article we analyze these definitional ambiguities and try to clarify some basic terms used for the description of calcium transport in cells. The use of ambiguous scientific terminology and conflicting definitions may be a source of misunderstanding among scientists.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WAVE PROCESSES IN TWO-WINDING TRANSFORMERS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, S. Bandera Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Seheda M.S. , Cheremnykh Ye.V. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, S. Bandera Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Gogolyuk P.F. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, S. Bandera Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Mazur T.A. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, S. Bandera Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Blyznak Y.V. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, S. Bandera Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
Published: October 2020

A mathematical model has been developed to study the wave processes of two-winding transformers, taking into account the electromagnetic connections between the turns of the winding and between the windings. To solve differential-integral equations in partial derivatives, a method of separation of variables is proposed. References 12, figures 2.
COMPREHENSIVE METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF MEDIUM- AND LOW-VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OPERATING STATE
Authors:   China Three Gorges University Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Operation and Control of Cascaded Hydropower Station, Yichang 443002, China, Su Shiwei , You Yiran ,   China Three Gorges University College of Electrical Engineering & New Energy, Yichang 443002, China, Zou Yu ,   Qinzhou Power Supply Bureau of Guangxi Power Grid Co., Ltd., Qinzhou 535000, China
Published: October 2020

With the development of intelligent distribution networks and access to distributed energy, the solving the problem of timely and accurate determination of the operating state of the distribution network is an urgent task. Based on an improved analysis of the principle components of the network and statements of a self-organizing neural network, this article proposes the method to evaluate the operating state of medium- and low-voltage distribution networks. At the first step, the system of evaluating indices of the network is formed by advanced component analysis. The evaluation system is grounded on four aspects, including safety, reliability, quality and economy. Next, the self-organizing neural network is used to identify and clean up the data regarding the operating state of the distribution network. At the next step, the indicators are modeled at all levels; the entropy method is applied to calculate the total weight of all indicators. Then the value of each indicator is found and the weak links of the distribution network are determined. At the final stage, the comprehensive assessment of the real operation of the distribution network in Guangxi province is carried out. As shown, the method can effectively reduce the effect of abnormal data and subjectivity factor on the results of evaluating the state of the distribution network. That confirms the feasibility and practicability of the proposed method. References 22, figures 6, tables 6.
INVESTIGATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF PRECISION AMPLIFIERES
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Tesyk Yu.F. , Moroz R.M. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Tuz Yu.M. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Peremohy ave., 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Kozyr O.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Peremohy ave., 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine
Published: October 2020

A review of the principles construction of existing high voltage measuring amplifiers (HVMA) was carried out. Their frequency range was investigated. It is proposed to use a circuit of additively connected operational amplifiers with virtual power to achieve the limiting frequencies of 400 kHz and a voltage of 500V. Several models of the circuit in the circuit simulator were investigated. It was found that to compensate for the phase shift of the output signal it is necessary to use boosting capacitances and a circuit with independent feedback. References 11, figures 5, tables 3.