bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artistic peculiarities of painted pottery of Majiayao culture
Authors: Qingyan Zheng
Published: December 2021

The relevance of this research stems from the desire of modern science to discover rare artifacts and unique cultural phenomena of different peoples. The artistic peculiarities of painted pottery of Majiayao period represent are a cultural phenomenon that draws attention of the scholars. The article aims to provide general characteristics to Majiayao period; recount about the emergence of Majiayao culture; describe the shape and decorative peculiarities of painted pottery of Majiayao culture.It is noted that Majiayao culture was also referred to as “Yangshao Culture of Gansu” and developed virtually in parallel with the Yangshao culture. However, there is proof that Majiayao culture emerged slightly later than the Yangshao culture. The article reveals the characteristic colors, shapes, and patterns of the ceramic of this period.Practical significance of this research lies in familiarizing the audience with the peculiarities of Majiayao culture, detailed description of the specifics of its painted pottery, and contributing to further research on the topic. The acquired materials are valuable for studying the theory and history of arts, as well as in the lectures on the visual art of China. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive examination of the peculiarities of decorative and applied arts. Characteristic is given to the pottery works of Majiayao period, their varieties, evolution, functional features, which testifies to the traditional customs and acquaints with the exotic culture.
Albert Cohen and Dove Attia as a phenomenon of French musical of the new century
Authors: Trukhacheva Elena Andreevna
Published: December 2021

Dove Attia and Albert Cohen – French authors and stage directors, and musical producers – contribute to the development of the genre in the XXI century. The subject of this research is their creativity, which is poorly studied by the science of theater. The goal lies in describing the role of Dove Attia and Albert Cohen in the development of the French musical on the theoretical level.  Research methodology is comprised on the following approaches: interdisciplinary, which involves scientific theories and concepts from other fields of knowledge; historical-culturological, which reveals that factors contributing to the convergence of French culture with the traditions of other cultures; systematic, which examines professional performance in French musical as a result of the works of Dove Attia and Albert Cohen. The scientific novelty lies in introduction into the scientific discourse of previously missing materials on the works of Dove Attia and Albert Cohen, their activity in the context of evolution of the genre of French musical. The theoretical significance consists in characterization of the concepts of “French musical of the new century”, "interpretation of classics", “French chanson style” within the framework of art history and methodology of science. The acquired result reveal the role of establishment and proliferation of French musical, as well as popularize the works of Dove Attia and Albert Cohen, which determines the practical importance of this study. It is noted that in French musical, Dove Attia and Albert Cohen invigorate the aesthetic tastes and mentality of the French, using it as an opportunity to defend the national values in a savory and beautiful way.
Classes and texts in the curriculum of Drepung Loseling Monastic University
Authors: Loshchenkov Aleksei Vyacheslavovich
Published: December 2021

This article examines the system of education in the philosophical college of Drepung Loseling Monastic University (India), introduces into the scientific discourse a full list of subjects and titles of the texts with their identification by the collected works of Indian and Tibetan authors posted on the digital platform TBRC (Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center). The primary sources and commentarial literature are determined. The learning process begins with the preliminary study of logic and epistemology, proceeding with the five great treatises that are core of the curriculum. The article combines classical textual approach and contextual analysis, with consideration of the Buddhist commentarial tradition; as well as methods of analytical comparison, structural and content classification. The novelty of this research lies in introduction into the scientific discourse of the previously unexplored system of education and its study guides. It is established that the monastery relies on the study guides compiled by Panchen Sonam Drakpa, as well as other prominent Tibetan authors – Je Tsongkhapa, Gendun Drub and Sherab Sangpo. The main method for digesting the material is the debates. Although with immigration of the Tibetans to India and reestablishment of Loseling College the curriculum structure was preserved, there are also innovations due to adding several grades and classes on the grammar and history of the Gelug School.
TRANSLATION OF THE KHAKASS HEROIC EPIC: NEW FACTS AND TEXTS
Authors:   Khakass State University named after N.F. Katanov (Abakan), Akhpasheva N.M.
Published: December 2021

Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to the translation tradition of the Khakass heroic epic, existing since the second half of the 19 th century and traced to the end of the first decade of the 21 st century. Over the past 10 years, new information about the facts and texts of translations has appeared. This information has been published in various publications, and its connection with the mentioned above translation tradition is not clearly expressed. The establishment of the genesis and general result of the translation tradition of the Khakass heroic epic is relevant in relation to the history and development of intercultural relations in Siberia and Russia as a whole. The purpose of the article is to present new information about the translation tradition of the Khakass heroic epic in its connection with the overall result of translations and to determine its significance against the background of the already known amount of information. Conclusion. The translation tradition of the Khakass heroic epic continues to be relevant as a multifaceted means of intercultural communication.
WONDERFUL STONES OF THE SOVIET ERA IN P.P. BAZHOV’S TALES
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President  of  Russia  B.N.  Yeltsin  (Yekaterinburg), Yubing Yang
Published: December 2021

Problem statement. This article analyzes the lytic component of P. P. Bazhov’s tales of the 1940s and proves that these tales continue the tradition laid down by the tales of the 1930s, in which malachite, copper emerald, and chrysolite were the main stones reflecting the specifics of mining life. The lytic discourse of new tales, in which the sun stone, the key-stone, the patient pebble appear, makes it possible to expand the understanding of both the ideological component of the tales and the mythopoetics of the writer’s fiction as a whole. The purpose of the article is to study the lytic component of Bazhov’s military and post-war tales, in which the contours of the future happy life of the Soviet people are visible through the image of both real and miraculous stones of the new era. Methodology. The article uses the methodology of cultural-historical, ideological-figurative, and symbolic-contextual analysis. Research results and conclusions. The article sequentially examines a number of stones that, in their appearance and in their symbolic properties, can claim the status of stones of the new Soviet era in the Urals. Among these stones we see both real-life stones (heliolite, golden topaz, and rhodonite), which in their appearance and in their symbolic lytic properties can claim the status of stones of the new Soviet era in the “Tales about Lenin”, and magical stones (key stone, patient pebble, and golden mountain blossom). The latter make it possible to assess the utopian potential of the happy future of the Soviet Urals, which from the point of view of the 1940s did not seem absolutely unattainable to Bazhov.
Rapid detection of changes in the riverbanks of Laigiang river of the South Central Coast Vietnam: A methodology based on Digital Shoreline Analysis System and Sentinel-2
Authors: Ngo Anh Tu , Grivel Stéphane , Phan Thai Le , Nguyen Huu Xuan , Nguyen Trong Doi
Published: December 2021

The research focuses on using Sentinel-2 that can be integrated with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) as an effective tool for the determination of changes in the riverbanks and using linear regression to predict shoreline changes. The research applied the assessment of shoreline changes in the period of 2015- 2020 and forecast to 2025 in Laigiang river of the South Central Coast region of Vietnam. Based on the DSAS tool, parameters such as Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE), Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), End Point Rate (EPR) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR) were determined. The analysis results show that the accretion process in the Laigiang river in the period of 2015-2020 with the accretion area ranges from 81.47 ha. Meanwhile, the area of shoreline erosion only fluctuates around 54.42 ha. The rhythm of evolution is a determinant element for this transitional system.
Measuring UHI using Landsat 8 OLI and TIRS data with NDVI and NDBI in Municipality of Prishtina
Authors: Isufi Florim , Berila Albert , Bulliqi Shpejtim
Published: December 2021

The study is aimed at investigating the phenomenon of the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) over the municipality of Prishtina. The SUHI was investigated based on the relationship between Land Surface Temperature (LST) estimated from Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) band with Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) bands using Geographic Information System (GIS). To understand this relationship, a regression analysis was performed. Regression analysis in both cases showed high relationships between LST, NDVI and NDBI. LST relationships with NDVI showed a strong negative correlation having an R2 value of 0.7638 highlighting the extraordinary role of vegetation towards reducing the SUHI effect while LST relationships with NDBI showed a strong positive correlation having an R2 value of 0.8038 highlighting the role that built-up areas have in strengthening the SUHI effect. Built-up areas and bare surfaces are responsible for generating the SUHI effect while vegetation and water bodies minimize this effect by creating freshness. The maps in which the SUHI phenomenon are identified, are extremely important and should be paid great attention by the city leaders themselves. This should be done in order for urban planning policies to go to those areas where such a harmful phenomenon occurs in order for the lives of citizens to be as healthy as possible.
Assessment of safety measures against seismic and fire hazards in the University of Buner
Authors: Shah Syed Azmat Ali , Ahmad Waqas , Khan Shahzada , Tayyab Naqash , Ali Amjad , Shah Nawaz Khan
Published: December 2021

Safety in schools and universities is essential to guarantee occupants' protection from natural and human-made hazards. An existing building hazard assessment provides the scope to understand the vulnerability situation and recommend safety measures. This study was conducted on buildings within the University of Buner located in the Buner district of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Two potential hazards earthquake and fire were considered. UN-Habitat Tools were used for the assessment of safety for multi hazards. To assess the seismic and fire hazards vulnerability, the university structures were assessed for four aspects: planning, architectural, structural and non-structural. It was identified that the building's safety compliance is only 43% as a whole and, in particular, 33% vulnerable to seismic risk and 27% susceptible to fire hazard and requires rehabilitation measures to build the resistance and resilience of the structure to guarantee the safety of the occupants.
The Landslide Susceptibility Assessment using Bi-variate Statistical Information Value Model of Chenab River Valley, Jammu and Kashmir (India)
Authors: Patil Abhijit S. , Bhadra Bidyut K. , Panhalkar Sachin S. , Powar Sudhir K.
Published: December 2021

Almost every year, the Himalayan region suffers from a landslide disaster that is directly associated with the prosperity and development of the area. The study of landslide disasters helps planners, decision-makers and local communities for the development of anthropogenic structures in order to enhance the safety of society. Therefore, the prime aim of this research is to produce the landslide susceptibility map for the Chenab river valley using the bi-variate statistical information value model to detect and demarcate the areas of potential landslide incidence. The object-based image analysis method identified about 84 potential sites of landslides as landslide inventory. The statistical information value model is derived from the landslide inventory and multiple causative factors. The outcome showed that 23% area of the Chenab river valley falls into the class of a very high landslide susceptibility zone. The ROC curve method is used to validate the model which denoted the acceptable result for the landslide susceptibility zonation with 0.826 AUC value for the Chenab river valley.
Climate Variability and Trend Analyses of Rainfall and Temperature Data of Imphal, Manipur
Authors: Singh Abujam Manglem
Published: December 2021

Understanding local climate variability and change is necessary for improving future climate forecasts and also aids preparation of informed area specific climate mitigation and adaptation strategies. Climate change at local scale is best revealed by studying observed variabilities and trends in rainfall and temperature data through statistical techniques. Therefore, this study employed standard deviation and coefficient of variability and Mann-Kendall test and Sen slope determination non-parametric techniques to perform variability and trends analyses across multiple temporal scales on climate data obtained at Imphal (Tulihal) station. The results indicate prevalence of different patterns between rainfall and temperature trends. Except for the positive trends in the month May (2mm/yr) and in the pre-monsoon season (9.49mm/yr), no other discernable patterns in rainfall data were observed. Temperature trends, on the other hand, witnessed significant positive increase in maximum, minimum and mean values. For mean temperature, all months registered significant increasing trends. At the annual and seasonal scales also, maximum, minimum and mean temperatures have increased although with varying rates. It is noteworthy to mention that temperature change has occurred at two distinct phases; before 1993 slow warming and after 1993 rapid warming. Temporal distribution of annual mean temperature captures this pattern more vividly as warming rate before 1993 was less than 0.01 compared to 0.450c/year in the latter phase. Overall, it can be said that rainfall has higher variability with very little or no pattern but temperature distribution suggests existence of strong trends in the observed data.
Analyzing and optimizing the carbon utilization and lipid yield at different light intensities for Scenedesmus arcuatus
Authors: Vasumathi K. , Nadana Raja Vadivu G. , Nithiya E.M. , Sundar K. , Premalatha M.
Published: December 2021

Microalgae, the photosynthetic microorganism growing abundantly in marine and aquatic ecosystems, are potential source for biological sequestration of CO2. The carbon uptake differs in the presence of other nutrients, light intensity etc. The biomass yield of Scenedesmus arcuatus var capitatus was studied based on the Face Centred Central Composite design (FCCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for nitrate, phosphate and carbonate under different conditions (laboratory, room and sunlight conditions). Various pre-treatments (osmotic shock, autoclaving, microwave and ultrasonication) were employed to find the best method for maximum lipid yield. The biomass yield reached a maximum of 1 g/L under sunlight conditions of nitrate concentration 500 ppm and carbonate 2000 ppm. The laboratory conditions resulted in a biomass yield of 0.59 g/L at 500 ppm nitrate, 1000 ppm carbonate and 250 ppm phosphate. Under room conditions, the yield was very low (0.11 g/L). Osmotic shock resulted in higher lipid yield than the other pre-treatment methods. The ability of Scenedesmus arcuatus to uptake high carbon under sunlight conditions and to adapt to high light intensity and fluctuations in light intensity concludes that this species is suitable for large-scale open pond cultivation for CO2 sequestration and production of metabolites.
Design and synthesis of novel benzimidazoles containing 1,2,3-triazolesas in vitro, anticancer and anti-oxidant agents
Authors: Kumaraswamy Gullapelli , Maroju Ravichandar , Bandari Srinivas , Dasari Gouthami , Sadanandam Gullapelli
Published: December 2021

A novel series of 2-(1-((1-substitutedphenyl-1H-1,2,3- triazol-4-yl)methoxy)ethyl)-1-((1-substituted phenyl- 1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (3a-j)derivatives was synthesized in moderate to high yields. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1HNMR, 13CNMR and Mass spectroscopic methods. The title compounds were screened for their anti-oxidant activity and anti-cancer activity. The cancer activity results reveal that the compounds 3j, 3b and 3f are showing promising activity and remaining compounds exhibited moderate activity against all the tested cancer cell lines. The anti-oxidant activity also shows that the compounds 3c and 3d have shown excellent activity and remaining compounds were also found to exhibit moderate activity against the test organisms employed.
Competitive adsorption of leather dyes by using biochar prepared from MUSA acuminata: a cost-effective technique
Authors: Jadhav Shridhar K. , More Ganpat B. , Thorat Sanjaykumar R.
Published: December 2021

Biochar prepared from Musa acuminata stem by slow pyrolysis at 3500C was characterized and analyzed for the adsorption of Congo red and Brilliant blue leather dyes in a known concentration of the solution. The SEM images of the biochar before adsorption of dyes show the porous structure and the surface area of the biochar seen to BB and CR adsorbed onto the surface of BSB-350. The BSB-350 shows the highest adsorption i.e. <90% at pH 3 and the range of pH was between 3-10. Experimental conditions like sorbent dosage and, concentration were optimized and observed in this study. The experimental data follows the Langmuir, Temkin and DR isotherm model which shows the physicochemical conditions. The maximum adsorption capacity estimated for BB was 208.33 mg/g and for CR was 46.33 mg/g. The present study shows that biochar is a cost-effective and environment-friendly adsorbent that will be used for the treatment of tannery effluent.
Phytochemical Profiling, Pharmacological activities, Isolation and Identification of Phytochemicals from Sterculia urens Roxb. leaves
Authors: Darapureddy Chaitanya , Prasad K.R.S. , Phani R.S. Ch
Published: December 2021

The study is intended to evaluate the pharmacological activities, isolation and characterization of the bioactive phytochemical constituents from the crude leaf extract of Sterculia urens Roxb. The extraction of the phytochemicals from the leaves was carried on Soxhlet extraction apparatus using solvents like hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. Pharmacological activities such as DPPH free radical scavenging assay (antioxidant), α-amylase inhibition assay (antidiabetic), albumin denaturation assay (antiinflammatory), blood clot lysis method (thrombolytic) and well diffusion method (antibacterial) of the crude extracts were evaluated and then the semi-preparative HPLC analysis followed by spectral studies was carried for the purification and identification of bioactive compounds. The methanolic extract showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity, α-amylase inhibition activity and albumin denaturation inhibition activity with IC50 values of 29.51±0.11, 146.85±0.18 and 149.91±0.19 μg/mL respectively. The % clot lysis of the methanolic extract was found higher than the other extracts and all the extracts have potential inhibition on the growth of the bacterial studied. From the leaf methanolic extract, 4 phenolic compounds (2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, methyl 4- hydroxycinnamate, p-coumaric acid and stercurensin) and 3 phenolic compounds (gossypetin, farrerol and quercetin 5,7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether) were isolated and characterised. Based on the results observed, it can be concluded that the leaf extracts of Sterculia urens Roxb are having rich phytochemical constituents with prominent pharmacological activities.
Antibacterial Activity and Mesophase Identification of Azomethnine and Azo derivatives
Authors: Thakur Shavi , Patel H.N.
Published: December 2021

A new mesogenic homologous series of liquid crystalline azomethnine and azo derivatives of 4ꞌ-nalkoxybenzylidiene- 4-aminoazobenzene has been synthesized and characterized by a combination of elemental analysis and standard spectroscopic methods. In the present series, nematic mesophase commences from n-propyloxy derivative as enantiotropic and persists up to the last member synthesized except in derivative C10. The smectic A (SmA) mesophases commences from n-pentyloxy derivative as enantiotropic and also persists up to ntetradecyloxy synthesized. Imine linkage (-CH═N-) between central and terminal benzene rings helping to understand the polarizability effect as well as nature of mesophase as stability gets reduced due to the presence of nitrogen in the ring. The mesomorphic properties of present series are of great importance to evaluate the effects of central linkage on mesomorphism. The mesomorphic properties of present series were compared with other structurally related mesogenic homologous series to evaluate the effects of central linkage on mesomorphism.
Spectral analysis of radical metalloenzyme using EPR in Hydrolases
Authors: Sonawane Pramod
Published: December 2021

One of the categories of hydrolase is acid phosphatase which is isolated from sweet potato (spAP). It contains metal ions such as Zn, Mn, Fe etc. with molecular weight 110kDa. An aqueous epr spectrum in buffer (pH 5.6) exhibits class II mixed valence nature of Fe+3 together with Fe+2, Mn+2, Zn+2 and Cu+2 metallobiosites. It indicates reduced form of enzyme with gMn(II)= 2.0084 and grad= 2.0041 signals with radical signal. The localized electron interaction with 55Mn+2 nucleus is evidenced by six-hyperfine splitted spin allowed transitions flanked by ten satellite lines. Allowed and forbidden doublets are computed with A (55Mn) coupling constant~96 G and Zfs parameter D=0.029 cm-1. The spin integration of Tyrradical signal is shown in lyophilized sample spectrum (1.029 x 1015 spins /gm). It also shows DNA cleavage activity with pUC 19 plasmid DNA.
Synthesis of Allyl Pentaerythritol Crosslinker based Polymer Hydrogels and Determination of the Crosslink Density
Authors: . Anamica , Pande Poorn Prakash
Published: December 2021

In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of polymer hydrogels. The polymer gels have been prepared from acrylic acid (AA) monomer using allyl pentaerythritol as the crosslinker in the presence of potassium persulfate initiator. The synthesized polymer gels have been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The swelling capacity and crosslink density of the synthesized polymer gels have been determined and it was found that some of the polymer samples behave like super-absorbent polymers. These polymeric-gels can be utilized in various applications viz. as a catalyst for dye removal, for anion removal from water and for heavy metal removal etc.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, DNA Binding and Cleavage, Molecular Docking Studies of Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes of S and N Donor Schiff Base Ligands
Authors: Mydhili S.P. , Venkata Ramana Reddy Ch , Sireesha B. , Sreekanth S.
Published: December 2021

Binary metal complexes of the ligands (L), H3FPT and H3FP4MT with Ni(II) and Cu(II) metal ions (M) were synthesized and characterized by different spectral and analytical techniques. Among these complexes, Ni(II)- H3FPT complex was found to be polymeric. The ligands and their complexes inhibited the growth of gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains to a moderate extent. The antioxidant nature of ligands and complexes was also established. Intercalative mode of binding of the complexes with calf thymus (CT) DNA was proposed from electronic absorption titrations, fluorescence quenching studies and viscosity measurements. The complexes showed hydrolytic cleavage of plasmid pBR322. Docking studies of metal complexes with DNA revealed that the complexes of H3FP4MT are more active than H3FPT.
Phosphorus uptake by Oscillatoria sp. microalgae for bioavailability under anaerobic condition to predict eutrophication
Authors: Maimulyanti Askal
Published: December 2021

Phosphorus is generally considered the limiting nutrient for algae growth in the aquatic environment. The phosphorus uptake for algae can give information for bioavailability-P. The contribution of phosphorous to bioavailability was evaluated using uptake-P in water solution under anaerobic conditions. The more is the incubation time, the more is the phosphate bioavailability. The maximum bioavailability occurred at 14 days with a phosphate concentration of 50 ppm resulting in P-available of 18.41 ppm. There was a linear correlation between P-available with P-medium with R2 = 0.97. The phosphorus bioavailability can be resulted from the equation: [P-Available] = 0.3789 x [P-medium]. The phosphate absorbed by the algae Oscillatoria sp in anaerobic conditions with initial concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm was 5.46, 8.65, 11.63, 17.99 and 18.41 ppm, respectively. The maximum efficiency adsorption occurred in the concentration of 30 ppm with 49.18% adsorption.
Design and Synthesis of some novel 3-benzylidene-1H-benzo [4,5]imidazo[2,1-c] [1,4]oxazine-1,4(3H)-dione derivatives and evaluation of their biological activity
Authors: Sunitha Ch. , Brahmeshwari G.
Published: December 2021

A novel series of 3-arylbenzylidene-1H-benzo[4,5] imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-1,4(3H)-dione (4a-l) was synthesized in moderate to good yields. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activities. Among all the derivatives tested, the compound 3-(3,5- dimethoxy benzylidene)-1H-benzo [4,5]imidazo[2,1- c][1,4]oxazine-1,4-(3H)-dione showed more potent activity and 3-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-1H benzo[4,5] imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-1,4(3H)-dion exhibited good activity as compared to standard streptomycin. The anti-fungal activity reveals that the compound 3- (3,5-dimethoxy benzylidene)-1H-benzo[4,5]imidazo [2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-1,4-(3H)-dione showed more promising activity as compared to standard Itrazole. The remaining compounds showed moderate to poor activity. Similarly, the anti-oxidant activity results revealed that the compound 3-(3,5-dimethoxy benzylidene)-1H-benzo [4,5] imidazo[2,1-c][1,4] oxazine-1,4-(3H)-dione exhibited potent activity as compared to the other tested compounds.
Recent development of green protocols towards Knoevenagel condensation: A Review
Authors: Singh Prabal Pratap , Kumar Manmohan , Ajish Juby K.
Published: December 2021

A large number of varied synthetic strategies for carbon-carbon bond formation have been proposed by researchers from time to time. Knoevenagel condensation products synthesized by green protocol have been highly appreciated, Knoevenagel products find enormous application in therapeutics and pharmacological. Green synthetic strategies like ionic liquid media, solvent free condition, use of aqueous media and utilization of nano particles towards synthesis of Knoevenagel products have been recently utilized by scientist all over the world. In this study we highlight the recent development of green methods for Knoevengal condensation product formation.
Synthesis of Value Added Nanoparticles from Biomass Resources
Authors: Chutia Gobinda Prasad
Published: December 2021

The utilization of sustainable biomass materials provides a versatile route for the development of new alternatives to replace traditional petro-materials for a variety of purposes such as green energy, paint, food packaging and biomedical applications. This study reviews the potential use of various sustainable biomass materials for the production of low-cost, highvalue- added materials for practical applications including bio-printing, drug delivery/controlled release, tissue engineering, energy storage and biosensing. This study highlights the fabrication of novel nanomaterials from various biowastes including crop residue, food waste and industrial waste (e.g. spent battery waste and polythene waste) through physical, chemical, or biological methods.
Nano Sized Tin Zirconium Phosphate Ion Exchanger as Copper Scavenger
Authors: Vinisha Valsaraj P. , Mahesh S. , Janardanan C.
Published: December 2021

A new four component nano sized tin zirconium molybdophosphate, an inorganic ion exchanger of the class of tetravalent metal acid (TMA) salts has been synthesized by co-precipitation method and its ion exchange behaviour was studied. Characterization of the exchanger was done by ICP-AES method and structural studies were carried out using TGA, XRD and FTIR. From the XRD pattern studies, the synthesized ion exchanger was found to be size of 70- 75 nm. The sodium exchange capacity of material was found to be 3.92meq/g. The chemical resistivity of the material has been assessed in various acids, bases and organic solvents like 1M HNO3, IM H2SO4, acetic acid etc. The effects of temperature on capacity, effect of electrolyte concentration and analytical applications also were studied. The protons of hydroxyl groups were found to be the active site. The distribution coefficients of different metal ions like Pb2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Bi3+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Th4+, Ca2+ were studied. On the basis of distribution studies, it was found that the exchanger has high affinity towards Pb2+ and Cu2+ compared with other metal ions. Due to its high affinity towards copper metal ion, it can be used as copper scavenger for waste water treatment and its binary separation of Cu2+ from Mn2+, Mg2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ was carried out. The UV- Visible Spectrophotometer model JASCO V660 with diffuse reflectance accessories is used to study the absorption of the copper ion on the ion exchange.
The effects of Heavy Metals on Microbial Biomass of Forest Soil from Tropical Deciduous Forest of Central Ganga Plain
Authors: Naushi Anis , Arya Ajay Kumar
Published: December 2021

This investigation was aimed toward assessing the impact of heavy metals on soil microbial cycles. The impacts of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) at various concentrations were researched over a time of about two months. Chloride salts of Pb and Cd were added independently and in blend to soil samples at room temperature (27ºC) in various polythene packs. Samples were taken from the sacks at about fourteen days span and estimations were taken of the microbial biomass carbon (MBC). The outcomes showed that there was a significant reduction in the microbial biomass carbon for all treated soils from the second week to the 6th week. However, on 8th week, increase in microbial biomass carbon was observed. At the 6th week, 2000mgkg-1Pb and 40mgkg-1Cd gave the main reduction (P < 0.05) in microbial biomass carbon of 98%. A critical decrease in biomass carbon in metal contaminated soil demonstrated that this parameter is a decent marker of toxicity of metals on soil microflora.
Green Synthesis and Biological Study of Pyrimidone derivatives employing Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide under solvent free condition
Authors: Jagtap S.R. , Yadav R.P. , Bahule B.B. , Chaudhari D.J.
Published: December 2021

In this study, we are reporting a solvent free Biginelli reaction using aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate and urea in presence of cetyl tri-methyl ammonium bromide as a catalyst. The reaction is green and environmentally benign. The yield of three component condensation reaction is excellent. The products were screened for anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity. The method is simple and convenient. The catalyst is novel and easily available, non-expensive and nontoxic.
UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS Analysis on Canthium Coromandelicum Stem
Authors: Anto Arockia Raj A. , Vinnarasi J.
Published: December 2021

A rapid ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with crossover triple quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC- ESI -QTOF-MS/MS) method has been developed for the identification of debasement products. According to the distinctive fragmentation patterns, the presence of 79 compounds with retention time between 1.05 to 26.81 minutes was found. In Canthium coromandelicum stem, 22 amino acids, 10 fatty acids, 6 alkaloids, 6 steroids, 2 flavonoids, 2 terpenoids, 2 phenolic, 4 lipids, 3 anthraquinone glycosides, sugars, vitamins were distinguished. These outcomes demonstrated that the contemporary technique has been utilized for quality control of Canthium coromandelicum, exceptionally for recognizable proof, verification and portrayal in medication arrangements.
Microwave assisted synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives using tetra butyl ammonium chloride as phase transfer catalyst, characterization, biological activities and molecular docking studies
Authors: Paleri Sandhya V. , Kakkotakath Muhammad Niyas V. , Karickal Haridas R.
Published: December 2021

Benzimidazole and its derivatives are of wide interest because of their diverse biological activity and clinical applications. The heterocyclic imidazole core is a common moiety in a large number of natural products and pharmacologically active compounds and because of that they are possessing inhibitory activity as well as favorable selectivity ratio. Benzimidazoles exhibit significant activities like anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer activity, numerous antioxidants, anti-parasitic, anti-helmintics, antiproliferative, anti-HIV, anti-convulsant, antiinflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-neoplastic, proton pump inhibitor and anti-trichinellosis. The synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives remains a focus of medicinal research. Here benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized using two phase system under microwave conditions using the phase transfer catalyst tetra butyl ammonium chloride (10% mol) in good yield. The molecular docking study against 4GQQ protein with synthesized benzimidazole derivatives was performed to see the necessary interactions responsible for anti-bacterial activity.
Correlation analysis of reactivity in oxidation of some aliphatic aldehydes by 2-picolinium chlorochromate: A kinetic study
Authors: Ram Ganpat , Bishnoi Varsha , Prakash Om
Published: December 2021

The oxidation of six aliphatic aldehydes by 2- picolinium chlorochromate (PICC) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) leads to the formation of corresponding carboxylic acids. The reaction is of first order each in PICC. A Michaelis-Menten type of kinetics is observed with respect to the aldehydes. The reaction is catalysed by hydrogen ions. The hydrogen-ion dependence has the form: kobs = a + b[H+]. The oxidation of deuteriated acetaldehyde MeCDO exhibited a substantial primary kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD = 5.69 at 298 K). The oxidation of acetaldehyde has been studied in nineteen different organic solvents. The solvent effect has been analysed using Taft's and Swain's multiparametric equations. The rate constants correlate well with Taft’s * values, reaction constants being negative. A mechanism involving transfer of hydride ion has been suggested.
Phenotypic diversity of BmNPV isolated from different geographical locations of south India
Authors: Sathyanarayana Madhuri , Neelagund S.E. , Sajjan Dayanand B. , Hegde Rajat
Published: December 2021

Viral diseases take the lives of n number of silkworms each year resulting in 30-40% of average crop loss. Grasserie is one of the deadly diseases caused by NPV (Nuclear Polyhedrosis virus) for silkworm. BmNPV was observed throughout the year with increased severity in the summer and autumn crops. During the World War II, accidentally effective pest’s suppression was observed by the introduction of baculovirus into the environment. Morphological parameters of occlusion bodies of BmNPV from different strains were examined to validate detailed structure of these viruses. This examination mainly focused on light microscopic and electron microscopic study. Results in intelligible images of HRH, HSR, KNK, MSI and VKK BmNPV isolates under various magnifications were observed. The diameter of completely formed OBs of HRH, HSR, KNK, MSI, VKK was found to be 1.2 to 2.8 μm, 1.4 to 3.2 μm, 0.8 to 2.6 μm and 1.1 to 2.9 μm, 1.1 to 3.4 μm. Granulated OBs size ranges from 0.5 to 2.4μm. The diameter of polyhedra ranges about 0.6–1.6μm. Thus, uncovering these aspects may help to spell out indetail phenotypic diversity of BmNPV isolates from south India.
One-pot synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 3-(5-((aryl) methyl) isoxazol-3-yl)-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives as potent antibacterial and anticancer agents
Authors: Uma Rani Janapatla , Ramesh Babu H. , Prashanthi M.
Published: December 2021

In search of better antibacterial and anticancer agents, a series of novel 3-(5-((aryl) methyl) isoxazol-3-yl)-4Hchromen- 4-one derivatives was synthesized (4a-4l) by using 4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde and alkyne via in situ generated nitrile oxide and evaluated for their antibacterial and anticancer activity in vitro. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against three G+ bacterial strains and anticancer activity against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa). Among all the tested compounds, 4j and 4g exhibited potent antibacterial activity against tested grampositive bacterial strains. 4g, 4i and 4j exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 with IC50 values nearer to the standard drug doxorubicin.
Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activity of 2-(4-Phenyl-6-p-Tolylpyrimidin-2-ylthio)-N-(4-substituted Phenyl)acetamides
Authors: Dhakhda Sureshkumar K. , Bhatt Malay J. , Bhatt Jyotindra J.
Published: December 2021

A series of 2-(4-phenyl-6-p-tolylpyrimidin-2-ylthio)-N- (4-substituted phenyl)acetamide(4a-o) has been synthesized. Compounds have been characterized and tested for their antioxidant activity. The titled compounds (4a-o) have been synthesized by the reaction between 4-phenyl-6-p-tolylpyrimidine-2-thiol (2) with 2-chloro-N-substituted phenylacetamide (3ao) refluxed in acetone using catalytic amount of K2CO3. Compound (2) has been synthesized from (E)-1-phenyl- 3-p-tolylprop-2-en-1-one (1) with equimolar amount thiourea refluxed in alcoholic KOH to get compound (2). Starting compound chalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation. All synthesized compounds have been characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass Spectrometry and elemental analysis. Antioxidant assay has been performed by using DPPH radical scavenging method. Compounds 4-h and 4-o have shown good antioxidant activity.
Efficiency of sampling gears (Quadrate and Core) and Taxonomic Resolution on the Soft Bottom Intertidal Macrobenthic community of Port Blair coast
Authors: Sahu Nosad , Thiruchitrambalam Ganesh , Lakra Raj Kiran
Published: December 2021

Ecological studies of a region cannot proceed forward without the evaluation of species diversity. With the ever-increasing demand for studies to understand the change in the macrobenthic communities, the focus has primarily been shifted towards faster results to track down the changes from the prior environments. Therefore, studying the complete benthos faunal diversity of an area leads to an unrealistic approach. Thus, researchers tend to depend on various sampling gears, which ease the work capacity. The present study compared two samplings gears (core and quadrate) in two different habitats to understand the diversity of the macrobenthic communities. In terms of abundance, the core gear showed higher significant differences as compared to quadrate. However, the gears did not significantly differ among the diversity indices (Margalef's index and Shannon- Winer index) and the cluster analysis (Bray-Curtis similarity index and nMDS). The present study found that the 'information loss' was minimal with the aggregated data at a higher taxonomic level. Spearman rank correlation coefficient revealed that the information loss was low up to family-level and the correlation coefficient decreases as the taxonomic level increases after family-level. Nonetheless, the choice of sampling gears did not influence the diversity of the soft-bottom intertidal macrobenthic communities.
Comparison of phenolic content and antioxidant activity of two common fruits of Bangladesh in solvents of varying polarities
Authors: Ghosh R. , Barua P. , Sikder O. , Saha S. , Mojumder S. , Sikdar D.
Published: December 2021

Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of two common fruits of Bangladesh, namely
Phyllunthus emblica and Elaeocarpus floribundus, were measured in water, methanol,
ethanol, acetone and hexane extracts. Several in vitro models including
phosphomolybdenum assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, FRAP assay and
reducing power assay were used to assess the antioxidant activity of these extracts in
comparison with reference antioxidants. Between the two fruits, P. emblica showed higher
phenolic content and antioxidant activity in all the solvents used. In the DPPH scavenging
assay, the activity of P. emblica extracts was close to reference antioxidants, ascorbic acid
and BHT. Besides, considering the solvents used, extracts of both fruits had the highest
phenolic and antioxidant activity in polar solvents. The correlation coefficient between
total phenolics and antioxidant activities was found statistically significant. These findings
suggest that P. emblica could be an excellent antioxidant resource for industries like food,
pharmaceutical, and cosmetics.
Effects of maltodextrin on physicochemical properties of freeze-dried avocado
powder
Authors: Chuacharoen T. , Moolwong J. , Chyrsirichote T.
Published: December 2021

The effect of maltodextrin on the moisture sorption isotherm, glass transition temperature
(Tg), and degree of caking of freeze-dried avocado samples at room temperature (25°C)
was investigated. The incorporation of maltodextrin reduced the water sorption capacity of
the powder due to its less hygroscopic nature. Parameters derived from the Guggenheim,
Anderson, and de Boer (GAB) model describing the properties of absorbed water are
discussed. The water absorption isotherm possessed the characteristic sigmoid-shaped
type II isotherm curves and the model gave the best fit over the whole range of aw tested.
The differential scanning calorimetric method was used to measure the Tg of freeze-dried
avocado samples. Increasing the water content decreased the Tg, and Tg was increased with
increasing maltodextrin content. Increased maltodextrin content to solid material in the
freeze-dried sample was associated with less sensitivity to caking as evidenced by Tg
values. In addition, increased maltodextrin content in the powders caused brighter, less
yellowish, and more greenish coloration and protected color change including browning
index. The antioxidant capacity was significantly decreased with increasing maltodextrin
content. Thus, the effect of maltodextrin concentration on physicochemical properties was
a promising way to preserve the physical property and chemical compounds in freezedried avocado powder.
Effect of drying condition on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of
dried Moringa leaf powder
Authors: Razzak A. , Roy K.R. , Sadia U. , Mominul H. , Suvro T. , Sikder M.B.H. , Zzaman W.
Published: December 2021

Profile of physicochemical and antioxidant activity of dried Moringa leaves from
Bangladesh are presented. Moringa is beneficial for health because it has a lot of
nutritional and medicinal values. The leaves were collected and washed with distilled
water at different temperatures in an oven dryer, and then the fine powder is taken as a
sample by grinding and sieving method. This research was done to compare the changes
in physicochemical and antioxidant elements at different temperatures (60°C, 70°C and
80°C) and to find the right temperature at which the nutrient loss will be the lowest. This
study showed that as the drying temperature changed, so did the nutrient component of
Moringa leaves. Physicochemical parameters (moisture, ash, protein, carbohydrate, fat,
color) and antioxidant activity (Total phenol content, DPPH free radical scavenging
activity, vitamin C, and ß-carotene) were extracted using a variety of methods. The protein
content, carbohydrate content was estimated by the Kjeldahl and phenol sulfuric acid
method respectively. Total phenol content (38.30 mg/100g), DPPH (77.79%), and ßcarotene (22.71mg/100g) were measured by the spectrophotometric method. And the
colorimeter instrument is used for determining the optical properties. It can be seen that
the moisture, ash, protein, carbohydrate, Total phenol content, Vitamin C, DPPH free
radical scavenging activity, ß-carotene contents decrease significantly with increasing
drying temperature, whereas fat content increases. At 60°C drying temperature the
nutrient loss was lowest compared to 70°C and 80°C drying temperature, so it can be
concluded that 60°C is the most suitable temperature for drying Moringa leaves.
The history of physical education : in the primary schools of New Zealand from 1874-1947.
Authors:   , Beard Donald Derek
Published: December 2021

The 1877 Act, during the Habens period, enumerated the subjects of instruction as follows: reading, writing, arithmetic, English grammar, composition, geography, history, elementary science, drawing, object lessons, vocal music, and for girls sewing end needlework. A further clause stated that in public scttools provision shall be made for the instruction in military drill for all boys, and in such schools as the Board shall from time to time direct, provision shall also be made for physical training. There was no defined syllabus of training stated and the only other relevant clause in the Act was to the effect that wherever practicable there shall be attached to each school a playground ot least a quarter of an acre in area.
Apprenticeship in New Zealand : its development, present organization and administration
Authors:   , Kriby Richard Vaughan
Published: December 2021

"Lumen Accipe et Imperti ", says the motto of Wellington College; and, in becoming a teacher, after being a pupil of the College, I fully accepted the injunction to receive the light and impart it. But it took the preparation of this thesis on the apprenticeship system to bring home to me the
strength of the human impulse implied in those four
Latin words.
In the ideal, the impulse is personified in Oliver Goldsmith's description of the village schoolmaster who "...tried each art, reproved each dull delay; Allur'd to brighter worlds, and led the way."

It is this impulse to seek skills and to hand them on which helps to explain the enigma of a system apparently always on the point of being out-moded, and yet surviving time and change, depression and prosperity, wars and its greatest challenge, the machine age.

In 1898 - before the Boer War - a Member of the New Zealand Parliament announced that a pair of boots had been made in 25 minutes, passing through 53 different machines and 63 pairs of hands. The tone of the brief, ensuing discussion was one suited to the occasion of an imminent demise, and a Bill for improvement of the apprenticeship system then before the House quietly expired.