bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TAP Sampling for Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP) Field Sheet
Authors: Stansly Phillip A. , Qureshi Jawwad A.
Published: August 2022

This new field sheet provides information on Tap sampling for Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP). Monitoring ACP populations is an important tool in the integrated management of citrus greening. The most efficient way to estimate field populations of this insect is by monitoring adults. Tap sampling has proven to provide data needed to make informed decisions for managing this insect pest. Written by Phil Stansly, and published by the Entomology and Nematology Department. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1116
Florida Reclaimed Phosphate Mine Soils: Characteristics, Potential Uses, and Management Considerations
Authors: Wilson M. , Hanlon Edward A.
Published: August 2022

A critical nutrient for plant growth, phosphate helps sustain the world’s growing population. In 2010, seven mines in Florida produced approximately 10% of the world’s phosphate supply and more than 65% of the phosphate for the United States. But each year in Florida thousands of acres disturbed by strip-mining for phosphate rock must be reclaimed for other productive uses. This 11-page fact sheet provides a general characterization of the various soil types resulting from phosphate mine reclamation. Written by M. Wilson and E.A. Hanlon, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, October 2012.
Cryptobia iubilans in Cichlids
Authors: Francis-Floyd Ruth , Yanong Roy
Published: August 2022

After many years of diagnostics at the University of Florida and at other laboratories around the country, it appears that Cryptobia iubilans is not uncommon among cichlids, and that environmental and other factors determine the extent of disease. This revised 3-page fact sheet was written by Ruth Francis-Floyd and Roy Yanong, and published by the UF Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, September 2013.

VM104/VM077: Cryptobia iubilans in Cichlids (ufl.edu)
Uso da Cromatografia Contracorrente na obtenção de padrões de origem Vegetal
Authors: Leitão G. G.
Published: August 2022

A técnica da cromatografia contracorrente é aqui apresentada como uma ferramenta eficiente, rápida e econômica de obtenção de padrões de origem vegetal com alto grau de pureza. São discutidos alguns aspectos da escolha dos sistemas de solventes adequados além de exemplos de isolamento e purificação de substâncias naturais de importância farmacêutica tais como flavonóides de Ginkgo biloba, saponinas de Centella asiatica e Ginseng, antraquinonas, etc.
Estudo toxicológico reprodutivo da Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem) em ratas Wistar
Authors: Wanderley A. G. , Lyra M. M. A. , Costa-Silva J. H. , Lima C. R. , Arruda V. M. , Araújo A. V. , Ribeiro e Ribeiro A. , Arruda A. C. , Fraga M. C. C. A. , Lafayette S. S. L.
Published: August 2022

Os efeitos da administração do óleo das sementes de Azadirachta indica (Neem) foram investigados sobre a fase de pré-implantação em ratas Wistar adultas. Três grupos (n = 5-9/grupo) de ratas foram tratados do 1º ao 6º dia de prenhes por via oral com óleo de neem nas doses de 1,0 e 2,0 g/kg de peso. No 20º dia de prenhez procedeu-se à eutanásia e, em seguida, foram determinadas as variáveis reprodutivas: números de fetos vivos e mortos; relação feto/mãe, massa dos fetos, das placentas e dos ovários, número de implantação e reabsorção, número de corpos lúteos e perda de pré e pós-implantação. Os resultados mostram que não houve diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos tratados e controle nas variáveis analisadas, excetuando-se a massa dos fetos que foram reduzidas em relação ao grupo controle em 10,9 e 12,1% respectivamente para as doses de 1,0 e 2,0g/kg. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a administração do óleo de Azadirachta indica (Neem) não produziu efeito anti-implante, entretanto a redução da massa fetal pode indicar fetotoxicidade.
Estudo fitoquímico de Plumbago auriculata Lam
Authors: De Paiva S. R. , Figueiredo M. R. , Kaplan M. A. C.
Published: August 2022

A família Plumbaginaceae apresenta-se constituída por ervas, arbustos ou subarbustos de distribuição cosmopolita. Seus representantes apresentam produção metabólica caracterizada por naftoquinonas, flavonóides, terpenóides e esteróides, sendo os dois primeiros considerados marcadores quimiossistemáticos do grupo. O gênero Plumbago, tido como o mais representativo, compreende aproximadamente 10 espécies e tem sido alvo de estudos químicos e farmacológicos. Os estudos fitoquímicos de P. auriculata resultaram no isolamento de sitosterol, estigmasterol, 3-O-glicosilsitosterol, ácido palmítico, ácido plumbágico, epi-isoshinanolona, plumbagina, e uma mistura de dois flavonóides (luteolina e 5-metoxiluteolina). Apesar dessas substâncias já terem sido descritas na literatura, esse é o primeiro registro de luteolina e 5-metoxiluteolina em P. auriculata.
Produtos Naturais Ativos em Leishmaniose
Authors: Gilbert B. , Favoreto R.
Published: August 2022

Uma variedade surpreendente de substâncias naturais inibe o crescimento experimental de parasitos do gênero Leishmania responsáveis pelas três principais formas da doença leishmaniose – a tegumentar, a muco-tegumentar e a visceral. Resultados obtidos com extratos de plantas, às vezes in vivo, mais freqüentemente in vitro, demonstram que a atividade pode ser encontrada numa extensa diversidade de familias, das quais se destacam, entre muitas outras, Crassulaceae (gênero Kalanchoe), Annonaceae (muitos gêneros). Piperaceae (especialmente o gênero Piper), Rutaceae (com destaque para o gênero Galipea) e Apocynaceae (gênero Peschiera entre outros). Classes químicas que se distinguem incluem alcalóides e chalconas que foram em alguns casos demonstradas agir diretamente sobre o parasito, enquanto outras classes que abrangem uma variedade de substâncias fenólicas, terpênicas, inclusive di- e triterpenóides, e polissacarídeos, agem, ou parecem agir, sobre o macrófago, célula hospedeira do parasito, estimulando-o a produzir óxido nítrico, mediadores como TNFa e INFs ou outros fatores da reação imunológica letais à Leishmania sem ser prejudiciais ao próprio macrófago. Os resultados, às vezes, confirmam usos tradicionais das plantas e, em conjunto, formam uma base sólida para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos para este grupo de doenças.
Leguminosas Florestais da Amazônia Central. I. Prospecção das Classes de Compostos Presentes na Casca de Espécies Arbóreas
Authors: Barbosa A. P. , Palmeira R. C. F. , Nascimento C. S. , Feitoza D. S. , Cunha M. S. C.
Published: August 2022

Estudos sobre espécies florestais pouco conhecidas são fundamentais na determinação de suas propriedades tecnológicas, inserindo-se neste contexto muitas espécies de leguminosas florestais. Dentre esses, estudos sobre a composição química das espécies têm levado à identificação, na família Leguminosae, de flavonóides, terpenóides, esteróides, taninos, alcalóides e outros. Neste trabalho, foram avaliadas as principais classes de componentes químicos presentes na casca de 29 leguminosas arbóreas, por meio de testes específicos para heterosídeos cianogênicos, fenóis e taninos, flavonóides, esteróides e triterpenos, saponinas, alcalóides, antraquinonas, antranóis, dentre outros, a partir dos extrativos etanólicos dessas espécies. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que em Albizia polyantha e Swartzia macrocarpa foi detectado o maior número de classes, identificando-se dez classes dentre os doze grupos estudados. Em todas as espécies foram detectados taninos condensados, exceto em Tachigali paniculata, que apresentou somente taninos hidrolisáveis. As espécies Mora paraensis, Inga disticha e T. paniculata apresentaram tanto taninos condensados quanto taninos hidrolisáveis. Os maiores teores de tanino (Nº de Stiasny) foram detectados em Stryphnodendron guianense (26,2%) e M. paraensis (24,1%), onde os teores de extrativos aquosos foram 33,5% e 35,5%, respectivamente. Um banco de dados com estes e outros resultados, está sendo construído no Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), e será permanentemente atualizado, de modo a disponibilizar pela web maiores informações sobre o perfil químico das leguminosas da Amazônia.
FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENT'S DECISION USING SHARIA BANK PRODUCTS: A CASE STUDY IN IAIN KENDARI
Authors: Nisa Habun Khoirun , Alimusa La Ode , Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: August 2022

This study investigates the factors that determine student decisions to use the product of the Indonesian Islamic Bank (BSI) case study on IAIN Kendari students. This research is based on several trends from previous research results in various Muslim countries. The research design is through a survey questionnaire and the analytical method to measure this goal is Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with a sample of 100 samples with the criteria of students using savings products at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI). The results show that there are 3 main factors that determine the behaviour of students' decisions to use Islamic bank products, namely perceived Islamic value (halal product guarantees, interest-free products, Islamic services and ease of transactions), Islamic literacy (good understanding of Islamic banks, knowing the legal basis used by Islamic banks, and desires that arise from themselves) and institutional support (the collaboration of campuses and Islamic banks as well as determining student payment transactions through Islamic banks
KAJIAN INTENSITAS CAHAYA DI BAWAH POHON SONO KELING TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN PORANG (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)
Authors: Supriyono Supriyono , Lutfi Hakim Nur Fadli , Nyoto Sri , Nurmalasari Aprilia Ike
Published: August 2022

Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is a plant that produces tubers and is widely found in various parts of Indonesia such as Central Java, East Java and East Nusa Tenggara. Porang is used to make glue, food and cosmetics. The high demand for porang requires intensification and expansion of the area to be carried out. The target of land expansion is marginal land, as well as intercropping on forest land or by agroforestry. Appropriate light intensity can increase plant growth and yield. The research was carried out from March to July 2020 in the Perum Perhutani BKPH Pojok, in sonokeling(Dalbergia latifolia) forest, Kemadoh Batur Village, Tawangharjo in Grobogan district. This one factor study used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 4 levels. The treatment factors were light intensity due to shade by sonokeling : (P1) 100% light intensity, (P2) 75-90% light intensity, (P3) 50-74% shading intensity, and (P4) 25-49% light intensity. Each treatment was repeated 6 times, each experimental unit consisted of 3 plants. Data were analyzed using 5% variance test and continued with 5% DMR test if there was a significant difference. Up to 25-49% the light intensity of the  sonokeling shade does not affect the growth and yield of porang plants.
Macam Bokashi Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil 2 Varietas Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)
Authors: Mardiyana Fransiska , Siswadi Siswadi , Bahri Saiful
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jenis okra hijau dan merah dengan pemberian pupuk bokashi dari ampas teh dan eceng gondok. Penelitian ini berlangsung pada bulan September hingga November 2021 di Desa Harjosari, Kecamatan Bawen, Kabupaten Semarang. Teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap Petak Terpisah (RAKL) dengan dua faktor perlakuan yaitu kultivar okra dan pupuk bokashi. Protokol terapi terdiri dari delapan sesi, yang diulang empat kali. V1B0 ; Varietas okra hijau ditanam tanpa menggunakan bokashi (0 kg), V1B1 ; Varietas okrahijau dengan pupuk bokashi ampas teh (1 kg), V1B2 ; Varietas okra hijau dengan pupuk bokashi eceng gondok (1 kg), V1B3 ; Varietas okra hijau dengan pupuk bokashi campuran ampas teh dan eceng gondok (1 kg), V2B0 ; Varietas okra merah tanpa pupuk bokashi (0 kg), V2B1; Varietas okra merah dengan pupuk bokashi ampas teh (1 kg), V2B2           ; Varietas okra merah dengan pupuk bokashi eceng gondok (1 kg), V2B3 ; Varietas okra merah dengan pupuk bokashi campuran ampas teh dan eceng gondok (1 kg ). Selanjunsya parameter yang diukur akan dianalisis ANOVA digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis, dan uji BNT 5 persen digunakan untuk mengkonfirmasinya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa pemberian pupuk bokashi berbahan kombinasi ampas teh dan eceng gondok dalam jumlah sebanyak 1 kg berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap perkembangan tinggi tanaman dan hasil buah pada tanaman.
Improvements of some Berezin radius inequalities
Authors: Gürdal Mehmet , Alomarı Mohammad
Published: August 2022

The Berezin transform $\widetilde{A}$ and the Berezin radius of an operator $A$ on the reproducing kernel Hilbert space over some set $Q$ with normalized reproducing kernel $k_{\eta}:=\dfrac{K_{\eta}}{\left\Vert K_{\eta}\right\Vert}$ are defined, respectively, by $\widetilde{A}(\eta)=\left\langle {A}k_{\eta},k_{\eta}\right\rangle$, $\eta\in Q$ and $\mathrm{ber} (A):=\sup_{\eta\in Q}\left\vert \widetilde{A}{(\eta)}\right\vert$. A simple comparison of these properties produces the inequalities $\dfrac{1}{4}\left\Vert A^{\ast}A+AA^{\ast}\right\Vert \leq\mathrm{ber}^{2}\left( A\right) \leq\dfrac{1}{2}\left\Vert A^{\ast}A+AA^{\ast}\right\Vert $. In this research, we investigate other inequalities that are related to them. In particular, for $A\in\mathcal{L}\left( \mathcal{H}\left(Q\right) \right) $ we prove that$\mathrm{ber}^{2}\left( A\right) \leq\dfrac{1}{2}\left\Vert A^{\ast}A+AA^{\ast}\right\Vert _{\mathrm{ber}}-\dfrac{1}{4}\inf_{\eta\in Q}\left(\left( \widetilde{\left\vert A\right\vert }\left( \eta\right)\right)-\left( \widetilde{\left\vert A^{\ast}\right\vert }\left( \eta\right)\right) \right) ^{2}.$
Mobile Device And Method For Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density Measurement In Greenhouse
Authors: Panin Vyacheslav A. , Fedorishchev Mikhail A.
Published: August 2022

The paper is devoted to the development of a mo-bile device and method for mobile measurements of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) over the technological area of greenhouses. Within the frame-work of the method, a software product is imple-mented, which calculates PPFD and creates a map of PPFD distribution over the technological area of the greenhouse. The control tests of the device un-der greenhouse microclimate conditions were per-formed, confirming the operability of the installation.
Testbed for Studying the Efficiency of Plants Photosynthetic Irradiation Based on Measuring Carbon Dioxide Concentration in the Air
Authors: Myshonkov Alexander B. , Zheleznikova Olga E. , Prytkov Sergey V. , Terekhin Denis A.
Published: August 2022

The work is devoted to the description of a testbed that allows studying the efficiency of photosynthetic irradiation of plants by measuring the level of carbon dioxide concentration in the air, which in turn determines the intensity of photosynthetic processes in plants. This method makes it possible to significantly increase the speed of comparative research of the effect of irradiation modes on crop yields. The developed testbed is based on the ESP8266 microcontroller with sensors for measuring carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, air humidity, and a microcontroller implementing the control of plant irradiation modes. Measurement of carbon dioxide concentration was carried out using the MH-Z16 sensor, the principle of which is based on the measurement of non-dispersive infrared radiation (NDIR). In the testbed LED irradiators with a continuous emission spectrum and LED irradiators with a combined emission spectrum (white light + “red” radiation) were used. The testbed allowed us to study the dependence of the efficiency of photosynthesis on the conditions of irradiation by varying the spectral composition of radiation, irradiance intensity. The measurement of carbon dioxide concentration in the phytotron showed its significant dependence on the irradiation conditions. Since the rate of change in the concentration of carbon dioxide occurs over a sufficiently long period of time, research into the irradiation efficiency was carried out on the basis of an assessment of the dynamics of carbon dioxide concentration. Another variant of the research was the consistent comparison of changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide under different irradiation conditions.
Features of Computer Design of LED Optical Systems
Authors: Bayneva Irina I. , Vorozheikin Nikolay E.
Published: August 2022

The paper considers the problems of computer simulation of modern lighting devices (LD) based on light emitting diodes (LED) and their optical systems (OS). LED OS provides developers with sufficient opportunities to implement a variety of problems of modern lighting. In the market of competing products, it is often necessary to calculate and manufacture LED optics for specific lighting problems, the main of which is the formation of a given distribution of illuminance over the surface of an object.
It is shown that the most demanded services in LED lighting engineering are the development of LED optics according to the customer’s specifications, lighting engineering testing of a modelled product, development of 3D models for further production. The main stage in the context of such design is the calculation and simulation of the OS. The results of this process are basically determined by the complex of luminous, thermal, and functional characteristics of LD.
The development of modern LED LD is inseparably linked with the use of specialized software. Modern technologies and approaches, CASE-tools in the design of the LD, the main requirements for the LD models, integrated complex AllFusion Modelling Suite are considered. Functional diagrams of the process of designing the LD have been developed. 3D models of single and block lenses and reflectors of various designs have been developed in the computer-aided design system KOMPAS‑3D.
For given LED properties, selected materials, and ray tracing conditions the light distribution of LED modules was obtained and analysed in TracePro software. Acceptable results have been obtained, that is why this approach can be recommended for prototyping and studying the characteristics of experimental samples of LED modules and LD.
Exploration of Spectral and Light Characteristics of Pulsed Discharge in Alkaline Metal Vapours
Authors: Gavrish Sergey V. , Loginov Vladimir V. , Petrenko Nikolay Yu. , Mikaeva Angela S. , Mikaeva Svetlana A. , Zheleznikova Olga E.
Published: August 2022

This publication is devoted to the study of the spectral and light characteristics of pulsed discharges in sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium vapours, as well as in mixtures of sodium with rubidium and caesium. The directions of increasing the luminous efficacy and colour rendering index were analysed theoretically. It has been experimentally established that the highest light output is provided by a discharge in vapours of pure caesium and its mixture with sodium. The spectral distributions of the radiation of the investigated discharges are presented and the justification for the presence of some narrow lines in the spectrum is made.
Trauma-induced coagulopathy management
Authors: Bocci Maria Grazia
Published: August 2022

In the last years significant progress has been made in the understanding and treatment of hemorrhage caused by trauma which (along with the advances made in early resuscitation, and critical care) has led to a reduction of “late” deaths, meaning those due to trauma-induced organ failure/sepsis. Depending on the case, trauma is usually characterized by a variable equilibrium between hypo and hypercoagulation, with a majority of hypercoagulation cases. Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC), instead, is not only characterized by a coagulation disorder but also a state of inflammation which increases the need for transfusions, the risk of multiorgan failure and thromboembolic complications. In this clinical picture, hemostatic resuscitation, damage control resuscitation and homeostasis maintenance have been shown to reduce mortality. According to guidelines, the heart of TIC treatment is an early individualised goal-directed treatment relying on coagulation support and thromboprophylactic strategies (administration of tranexamic acid, fibrinogen concentrate and packed red blood cells), platelet function monitoring and viscoelastic Point-of-care testing. The implementation of the protocol suggested by the guidelines has allowed a more effective support of coagulopathy and has led to a reduction in hemoderivatives usage, hospitalization time and the death rate in severely injured trauma patients. The aforementioned improvements in TIC management were explicitly confirmed by a multicentric study in which the year the guidelines were implemented was compared with a prior year when no specific protocol was executed.
Coagulopathy and hemorrhage management in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Biancofiore Giandomenico
Published: August 2022

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Awareness Levels and Attitudes Of Primary School Teachers About STEM Approach
Authors: ALTUN Ertunç , APAYDIN Zeki
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the primary school teacher' awareness levels and attitudes towards STEM education and to determine the relationship between them. It was tried to determine whether the gender and professional seniority years of primary school teacher affect their awareness and attitudes towards STEM education. The research is in a survey model and the participants were determined by simple random sampling method. The research population consists of 401 primary school teachers working in the Sinop in the 2019-2020 academic year. The scale was sent to all of the primary school teachers, 203 of them returned. The appropriately filled 190 scales were evaluated. STEM Awareness Scale (STEM) developed by Buyruk and Korkmaz (2016) and STEM (Science-Technology-Engineering-Mathematics) Education Attitude Scale developed by Derin et al. (2017) were used in the study. The data were analyzed in SPSS 22 program. In the analysis of data; arithmetic mean, standard deviation, ANOVA test, t-test, correlation analysis statistical techniques were used. It was determined that the STEM education awareness level of primary school teachers was at the level of "I agree" and their attitude towards STEM education was at the level of "I am undecided". There was no significant relationship between the level of awareness and attitudes of primary school teachers towards STEM education and the gender variable. However, there is a significant relationship between the professional seniority of primary school teachers and their STEM awareness and attitude levels. It has been determined that there is a positive relationship between primary school teacher' awareness levels and attitudes towards STEM education. It was observed that as the level of awareness of primary school teacher towards STEM education increased, the level of significance among the attitude sub-dimensions increased, but their attitudes towards the feasibility sub-dimension.
The Perspective of Future Teachers on the Preschool Education Program: Evaluation of the Content, Quality, Functionality, and Comprehensibility of the Program
Authors: TONGA ÇABUK Funda Eda , DEMİRCİ ÜNAL Zeliha , TANTEKİN ERDEN Feyza
Published: August 2022

This study aims to investigate the views of pre-service early childhood teachers about the content, quality, functionality, and comprehensibility of the early childhood education (ECE) program used in Turkey. The study was conducted as a phenomenological study and its participants consisted of 20 pre-service early childhood teachers. The researchers collected data through an open-ended interview form. According to the findings, the participants expressed a positive opinion about the content of the program in general but stated that the program should be improved regarding gains and indicators, activity type, assessment, parent involvement, and adaptation. In addition, the participants found the program mostly qualified but expressed that it should be updated with new headings according to changing times and needs. Moreover, pre-service teachers found the program functional and guiding in general, but they said that it is not informative about educational approaches and children living in different environments. Finally, according to the participants, the program is comprehensive in terms of language, expression, and elaboration, but it needs more explanations and examples. In the light of these findings, it is thought that this research will contribute to the development and revision of the currently used ECE program.
International «green» construction assessment systems
Authors: Vysochanska M. , Kosovskyi Y.
Published: August 2022

Green building has received a great deal of attention at the beginning of the 21st century due to growing concerns about the ecological state of the environment. The growing demand for green buildings has led to the need for some evaluation, namely, the certification of these buildings according to a set of defined criteria. This has led to the emergence of numerous systems for evaluating green building. This article compares the 3 most common green building evaluation systems to determine their similarities and differences for future use. Currently, there are 6 evaluation criteria as a basis for comparison in each of the studied evaluation systems. This article shows that the most common evaluation criteria are energy efficiency, water efficiency, waste management, environmental impact, safety and comfort. This review contributes to both theoretical and practical assessment of green building.
Improving the efficiency of ecosystem evaluation assets related to water
Authors: Kolmakova V. , Botsula O.
Published: August 2022

The article develops scientific proposals for a comprehensive evaluation of ecosystem assets of territorial communities related to water in two key areas: 1) to the central executive authorities; 2) to local governments.
Proposals to central authorities include general and special approaches. The development of the block of general proposals is aimed at the formation of an appropriate institutional environment, which involves the introduction of scientific approaches to the comprehensive assessment of ecosystem assets related to water, in management practice at all levels of nature management. Special approaches include proposals to extend the current Agreement on Ukraine’s association with the European Union, through the inclusion of EU directives ((ELD, 2006/11/EU); (ELD, 96/61/EU); (ELD, 2004/35/EU)); approval of a special Law of Ukraine «On evaluation ecosystem assets of the territory»; amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On strategic environmental assessment». Proposals to local governments provide for two successive steps: a) aalgorithmization of valuation of ecosystem services produced by water-related assets, using the combinatorics of appropriate valuation methods; b) introduction of valuation of the contribution of ecosystem assets related to water as a separate component of the total local ecosystem asset of a certain territorial community, using the method of calculating the net present value (NPV) of basic ecosystem assets.
An integral result of the study is the Roadmap for comprehensive assessment of ecosystem assets of territorial communities related to water, which focuses on braking points, reveals and details the key guidelines of institutional support for the assessment of ecosystem assets at the state and local (territorial community) levels.
Further research has prospects in the following areas:

formation of an integrated strategic ecosystem approach to the introduction of ecosystem asset valuation at the state and local levels;
development and introduction of effective methodological approaches to the assessment of waterrelated ecosystem assets to form the investment attractiveness of the territory by improving the efficiency of local water resources as ecosystem assets of sustainable spatial development.
Convenient design method for customized implants based on bionic vein structure features
Authors: Wang Lin , Geng Weizhong , He Kunjin , Guo Kaijin
Published: August 2022

Matching implants to bones is crucial for customized orthopedic medicine. Existing methods for designing customized implants predominantly adopt the parameterized deformation method that uses a fragmented representation of semantic parameters. Such a representation cannot provide information integration management and therefore restricts the retrieval of information regarding implant features and the improvement of customized design efficiency. Therefore, this study proposes a rapid design method for customized implants based on bionic vein structure features. First, a bionic vein structure was designed to represent the implant type. Second, the bionic vein structure was represented by a digraph structure with morphological and dimensional features. Finally, the implant model was rapidly built by retrieving the sketch and other modeling operations. Common implants such as the T-shaped plate, L-shaped plate, clover plate, and femoral stem prosthesis were used as explanations or test cases. The experimental work shows that combining the traditional parametric deformation method with bionic vein structure features in our present method is flexible and efficient results, and can improve the efficiency of customized implant design.
Albumin-Based Nanocarriers for the Simultaneous Delivery of Antioxidant Gene and Phytochemical to Combat Oxidative Stress
Authors: Naqvi Saba , Khanadeev Vitaly A. , Khlebtsov Boris N. , Khlebtsov Nikolai G. , Deore Monika S , Packirisamy Gopinath
Published: August 2022

Human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles are promising biocompatible, nontoxic, and non-immunogenic platforms for biomedical applications such as bioimaging and drug and gene delivery. The development of nonviral gene delivery vectors is a great challenge for efficient and safe gene therapy. Sulforaphane (SF) can stimulate the expression of antioxidant genes via activation of a nuclear transcription factor, the erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf-2). Here, we use polyethyleneimine (PEI)-stabilized HSA nanoparticles to stimulate endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms in lung epithelial cells L-132 through the combinatorial effect of SF drug and antioxidant superoxide dismutase 1 gene (pSOD1 plasmid) delivered by HSA-PEI-SF-pSOD1 nanocomposites (NCs). The developed NCs demonstrated high biocompatibility (L-132 viability, >95%, MTT assay) and high antioxidant activity because of efficient entry of the SOD1 gene and SF-loaded NCs at a very low (3 μg) dose in L-132 cells. A high transfection efficiency of L-132 cells (∼66%, fluorescent microscopy) was obtained with the GFP-tagged transgene SOD1-GFP. We speculate that the antioxidant activity of HSA-PEI-SF-pSOD1 NCs in L-132 cells is due to the initial release of SF followed by subsequent SOD1 gene expression after three to four days of incubation. Hence, the developed HSA-based NCs can be efficient biocompatible nanocarriers for safe and effective drug and gene delivery applications to treat diseases with high oxidative stress due to combinatorial SF and SOD1 gene mechanisms.
Spectroscopic characterization of rare events in colloidal particle stochastic thermodynamics
Authors: Otani Sandro K. , Martins Thalyta T. , Muniz Sérgio R. , de Sousa Filho Paulo C. , Sigoli Fernando A. , Nome René A.
Published: August 2022

Given the remarkable developments in synthetic control over chemical and physical properties of colloidal particles, it is interesting to see how stochastic thermodynamics studies may be performed with new, surrogate, or hybrid model systems. In the present work, we apply stochastic dynamics and nonlinear optical light-matter interaction simulations to study nonequilibrium trajectories of individual Yb (III):Er (III) colloidal particles driven by two-dimensional dynamic optical traps. In addition, we characterize the role of fluctuations at the single-particle level by analyzing position trajectories and time-dependent upconversion emission intensities. By integrating these two complementary perspectives, we show how the methods developed here can be used to characterize rare events.
Selective extraction and stabilization of bioactive compounds from rosemary leaves using a biphasic NADES
Authors: Vieira Carolina , Rebocho Sílvia , Craveiro Rita , Paiva Alexandre , Duarte Ana Rita C.
Published: August 2022

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a natural source of bioactive compounds that have high antioxidant activity. It has been in use as a medicinal herb since ancient times, and it currently is in widespread use due to its inherent pharmacological and therapeutic potential, in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Natural deep eutectic systems (NADESs) have recently been considered as suitable extraction solvents for bioactive compounds, with high solvent power, low toxicity, biodegradability, and low environmental impact. The present work concerns the extraction of compounds such as rosmarinic acid, carnosol, carnosic acid, and caffeic acid, from rosemary using NADESs. This extraction was carried out using heat and stirring (HS) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). A NADES composed of menthol and lauric acid at a molar ratio of 2:1 (Me:Lau) extracted carnosic acid and carnosol preferentially, showing that this NADES exhibits selectivity for nonpolar compounds. On the other hand, a system of lactic acid and glucose (LA:Glu (5:1)) extracted preferentially rosmaniric acid, which is a more polar compound. Taking advantage of the different polarities of these NADESs, a simultaneous extraction was carried out, where the two NADESs form a biphasic system. The system LA:Glu (5:1)/Men:Lau (2:1) presented the most promising results, reaching 1.00 ± 0.12 mg of rosmarinic acid/g rosemary and 0.26 ± 0.04 mg caffeic acid/g rosemary in the more polar phase and 2.30 ± 0.18 mg of carnosol/g of rosemary and 17.54 ± 1.88 mg carnosic acid/g rosemary in the nonpolar phase. This work reveals that is possible to use two different systems at the same time and extract different compounds in a single-step process under the same conditions. NADESs are also reported to stabilize bioactive compounds, due to their interactions established with NADES components. To determine the stability of the extracts over time, the compounds of interest were quantified by HPLC at different time points. This allows the conclusion that bioactive compounds from rosemary were stable in NADESs for long periods of time; in particular, carnosic acid presented a decrease of only 25% in its antioxidant activity after 3 months, whereas the carnosic acid extracted and kept in the methanol was no longer detected after 15 days. The stabilizing ability of NADESs to extract phenolic/bioactive compounds shows a great promise for future industrial applications.
The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in fungal infection
Authors: Liang Chuting , Lian Ni , Li Min
Published: August 2022

Fungal infections are global public health problems and can lead to substantial human morbidity and mortality. Current antifungal therapy is not satisfactory, especially for invasive, life-threatening fungal infections. Modulating the antifungal capacity of the host immune system is a feasible way to combat fungal infections. Neutrophils are key components of the innate immune system that resist fungal pathogens by releasing reticular extracellular structures called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). When compared with phagocytosis and oxidative burst, NETs show better capability in terms of trapping large pathogens, such as fungi. This review will summarize interactions between fungal pathogens and NETs. Molecular mechanisms of fungi-induced NETs formation and defensive strategies used by fungi are also discussed.
Comparison of H7N9 and H9N2 influenza infections in mouse model unravels the importance of early innate immune response in host protection
Authors: Zhu Cuisong , Zhang Miaomiao , Fu Weihui , He Yongquan , Yang Yu , Zhang Linxia , Yuan Songhua , Jiang Lang , Xu Jianqing , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: August 2022

The outcome of infection with influenza A virus is determined by a complex virus-host interaction. A new H7N9 virus of avian origin crossed the species barrier to infect humans, causing high mortality and emerged as a potential pandemic threat. The mechanisms underlying the virulence and pathogenicity of H7N9 virus remains elusive. H7N9 virus originated from a genetic assortment that involved the avian H9N2 virus, which was the donor of the six internal genes. Unlike the H7N9 virus, the H9N2 virus caused only mild phenotype in infected mice. In this study, we used the mouse infection model to dissect the difference in the host response between the H7N9 and H9N2 viruses. Through analyzing transcriptomics of infected lungs, we surprisingly found that the H9N2 infection elicited an earlier induction of innate immunity than H7N9 infection. This finding was further corroborated by an immunohistochemical study demonstrating earlier recruitment of macrophage to the H9N2-infected lung than the H7N9-infected lung, which could occur as early as 6 hours post infection. In contrast, H7N9 infection was characterized by a late, strong lung CD8+ T cell response that is more robust than H9N2 infection. The different pattern of immune response may underlie more severe lung pathology caused by H7N9 infection compared to H9N2 infection. Finally, we could show that co-infection of the H9N2 virus protected mice from the challenge of both H7N9 and PR8 viruses, thereby strengthening the importance of the induction of an early innate immunity in the host’s defense against influenza infection. Collectively, our study unraveled a previously unidentified difference in host response between H7N9 and H9N2 infection and shed new insight on how virus-host interaction shapes the in vivo outcome of influenza infection.
In and out: Leishmania metastasis by hijacking lymphatic system and migrating immune cells
Authors: Jha Baijayanti , Reverte Marta , Ronet Catherine , Prevel Florence , Morgenthaler Florence D. , Desponds Chantal , Lye Lon-Fye , Owens Katherine L. , Scarpellino Leonardo , Dubey Lalit Kumar , Sabine Amélie , Petrova Tatiana V. , Luther Sanjiv A. , Beverley Stephen M. , Fasel Nicolas
Published: August 2022

The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in mounting immune response against intracellular pathogens, and recent studies have documented its role in facilitating tumor dissemination linked largely with cancer cells. However, in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) caused by Leishmania Viannia subgenus showing infectious metastasis and resulting in severe distant secondary lesions, the route of escape of these parasites to secondary sites has not yet been investigated in detail. Our results demonstrated that when infection was associated with inflammation and additionally exacerbated by the presence of dsRNA viral endosymbiont (LRV1), lymphatic vessels could serve as efficient routes for infected cells to egress from the primary site and colonize distant organs. We challenged this hypothesis by using the intracellular Leishmania protozoan parasites Leishmania guyanensis (Lgy) associated with or without a dsRNA viral endosymbiont, exacerbating the infection and responsible for a strong inflammatory response, and favoring metastasis of the infection. We analyzed possible cargo cells and the routes of dissemination through flow cytometry, histological analysis, and in vivo imaging in our metastatic model to show that parasites disseminated not only intracellularly but also as free extracellular parasites using migrating immune cells, lymph nodes (LNs), and lymph vessels, and followed intricate connections of draining and non-draining lymph node to finally end up in the blood and in distant skin, causing new lesions.
Incidence and predictors of intracranial bleeding after coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Kim Ju Hyeon , Lee Pil Hyung , Kim Ho Jin , Kim Joon Bum , Park Sojeong , Kyoung Dae-Sung , Kang Soo-Jin , Lee Seung-Whan , Kim Young-Hak , Lee Cheol Whan , Chung Cheol Hyun , Lee Jae Won , Park Seong-Wook
Published: August 2022

Background

There is a paucity of direct data on the incidence and predictors of intracranial bleeding (ICB) after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).

Methods

The Korean National Health Insurance database was used to identify patients without prior ICB who underwent CABG. The outcomes of interest were the time-dependent incidence rates of ICB and the associated mortality.

Results

Among 35,021 patients who underwent CABG between 2007 and 2018, 895 (2.6%) experienced an ICB during a median follow-up of 6.0 years. The 1-year cumulative incidence of ICB was 0.76%, with a relatively high incidence rate (9.93 cases per 1,000 person-years) within the first 1–30 days. Subsequent incidence rates showed a sharp decline until 3 years, followed by a steady decrease up to 10 years. The 1-year mortality rate after ICB was 38.1%, with most deaths occurring within 30 days (23.6%). The predictors of ICB after CABG were age ≥ 75 years, hypertension, pre-existing dementia, history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, and end-stage renal disease.

Conclusions

In an unselected nationwide population undergoing CABG, the incidence of ICB was non-negligible and showed a relatively high incidence rate during the early postoperative period. Post-CABG ICB was associated with a high risk of premature death. Further research is needed to stratify high-risk patients and personalize therapeutic decisions for preventing ICB after CABG.
Primary site as a novel prognostic factor for cardiovascular mortality post-radiotherapy in limited-stage small cell lung cancer: A large population-based study
Authors: Zhao Yuwei , Qin Fen , Ji Qingqi , Xia Wuyan , He Ben
Published: August 2022

Background

The effect of primary site on cardiovascular mortality (CVM) post-radiotherapy (RT) in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) remains unclear.

Methods

We screened the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 1988 and 2013. We used cumulative incidence function (CIF) curves to compare CVM incidences, and performed Cox proportional hazards and Fine-Gray competing risk analyses to identify independent risk factors of CVM. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted.

Results

Among enrolled 4,824 patients (median age 57 years old, 49.2% were male), CVM accounts for 10.0% of all deaths after 5 years since cancer diagnosis. Hazard ratios (HRs) for CVM were 1.97 (95% CI: 1.23–3.16, P = 0.005) for main bronchus (MB) patients, 1.65 (95% CI: 1.04–2.63, P = 0.034) for lower lobe (LL) patients and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.40–2.59, P = 0.977) for middle lobe (ML) patients compared to upper lobe (UL) patients. CIF curves showed that the cumulative CVM incidence was greater in the re-categorized MB/LL group compared to UL/ML group both before PSM (P = 0.005) and after PSM (P = 0.012). Multivariate regression models indicated that MB/LL was independently associated with an increased CVM risk, before PSM (HRCox: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.23–2.61, P = 0.002; HRFine−Gray: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.18–2.48, P = 0.005) and after PSM (HRCox: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.20–2.95, P = 0.006; HRFine−Gray: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.15–2.79, P = 0.010).

Conclusions

MB/LL as the primary site is independently associated with an increased CVM risk post-RT in patients with LS-SCLC.
Sensitivity and specificity of automated blood pressure devices to detect atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Tang Edmond W. L. , Yip Benjamin H. K. , Yu Chun-Pong , Wong Samuel Y. S. , Lee Eric K. P.
Published: August 2022

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent and preventable cause of stroke and mortality.

Aim

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of office and out-of-office automated blood pressure (BP) devices to detect AF.

Methods

Diagnostic studies, extracted from databases such as Ovid Medline and Embase, on AF detection by BP device(s), electrocardiography, and reported sensitivity and specificity, were included. Screening of abstracts and full texts, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted independently by two investigators using Covidence software. The sensitivity and specificity of the BP devices were pooled using a random-effects model.

Results

Sixteen studies including 10,158 participants were included. Only a few studies were conducted in primary care (n = 3) or with a low risk of bias (n = 5). Office BP devices, which utilised different algorithms to detect AF, had a sensitivity and specificity of 96.2 and 94%, respectively. Specificity was reduced when only one positive result was considered among consecutive BP measurements. Only a few studies (n = 3) investigated out-of-office BP. Only one study (n = 100) suggested the use of ≥79 and ≥26% of positive readings on 24-h ambulatory BP measurements to detect AF and paroxysmal AF, respectively.

Conclusions

Office BP devices can be used clinically to screen for AF in high-risk populations. Clinical trials are needed to determine the effect of AF screening using office BP devices in reducing stroke risk and mortality. Further studies are also required to guide out-of-office use of BP devices for detecting paroxysmal AF or AF.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022319541, PROSPERO CRD42022319541.
Gold mineralization and metallogenesis associated with mantle dynamics in East China
Authors: He Chuansong
Published: August 2022

East China can be divided into two parts: the North China Block (or North China Craton) (NCC) and the South China Block (SCB). The mechanism for the destruction of the NCC and the large-scale magmatic activity in the SCB during the Mesozoic is a major focus in the geosciences; however, related scientific issues, such as gold mineralization in the NCC and the metallogenesis in the SCB, remain enigmatic. Recently, receiver function analysis and tomography have been used to define the vestiges of an upwelling mantle plume beneath the NCC and large-scale mantle upwelling beneath the SCB in the Mesozoic, which may be related to gold mineralization and metallogenesis in this area. In this study, the dynamic processes of the mantle plume and upwelling mantle are analysed, and the relationships between the mantle plume and gold mineralization as well as between mantle upwelling and metallogenesis are discussed. Finally, it is suggested that gold mineralization in the NCC might be linked to a Mesozoic mantle plume while metallogenesis in the SCB might be related to Mesozoic mantle upwelling.
Körperkoordinations test für Kinder: A short form is not fully satisfactory
Authors: Biino Valentina , Giustino Valerio , Guidetti Laura , Lanza Massimo , Gallotta Maria Chiara , Baldari Carlo , Battaglia Giuseppe , Palma Antonio , Bellafiore Marianna , Giuriato Matteo , Schena Federico
Published: August 2022

Assessment of motor competence (MC) is crucial to finding deficiencies in children's motor development. Because of the need to ensure validity, reliability, and feasibility, the selection of contemporary testing batteries is a difficult task. Many papers report the validity of the KTK test in describing MC in school aged children. KTK consists of 4 four separate items: walking back, jumping sideways, moving sideways, and hopping for height. Some authors suggested the use of a short version of KTK that includes 3 items excluding one subtest: hopping for height. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of short versions of Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK). A sample of 2,231 participants (boys: n=1,188; girls: n = 1,043; age range: 6–12 years) were recruited from Italian schools between January 2019 and February 2020 and they performed the complete version of KTK. Stepwise linear regression was performed on the dataset to evaluate the ideal number of variables to describe the KTK short form version. Data for both the sexes and all ages indicated that considering the item combinations of each short version, the highest R squares were obtained in those that included exactly the deleted subtest (ranging from 0.881–0.979). The adoption of a short form does not seem to provide a fully satisfactory condition for measuring MC in children 6–12 years.