bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of a risk score to differentiate autoimmune and viral encephalitis: a Nationwide Cohort Study in Denmark
Authors: Fjordside Lasse , Nissen Mette Scheller , Florescu Anna Maria , Storgaard Merete , Larsen Lykke , Wiese Lothar , von Lüttichau Hans Rudolf , Jepsen Micha Phill Grønholm , Hansen Birgitte Rønde , Andersen Christian Østergaard , Bodilsen Jacob , Nielsen Henrik , Blaabjerg Morten , Lebech Anne-Mette , Mens Helene
Published: May 2024

Background

A score to differentiate autoimmune (AE) and viral encephalitis (VE) early upon admission has recently been developed but needed external validation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the score in a larger and more diagnostically diverse patient cohort.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective nationwide and population-based cohort study including all adults with encephalitis of definite viral (2015–2022) or autoimmune aetiology (2009–2022) in Denmark. Variables included in the score-model were extracted from patient records and individual risk scores were assessed. The performance of the score was assessed by receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses and calculation of the area under the curve (AUC).

Results

A total of 496 patients with encephalitis [AE n = 90, VE n = 287 and presumed infectious encephalitis (PIE) n = 119] were included in the study. The score was highly accurate in predicting cases of AE reaching an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI 0.92–0.97). Having a score ≥ 3 predicted AE with a PPV of 87% and an NPV of 91%. The risk score was found to perform well across aetiological subgroups and applied to the PIE cohort resulted in an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI 0.84–0.93).

Conclusion

The excellent performance of the score as reported in the development study was confirmed in this significantly larger and more diverse cohort of patients with encephalitis in Denmark. These results should prompt further prospective testing with wider inclusion criteria.
Evaluation of the surface characteristics and antibacterial properties of Titanium dioxide nanotube and methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine (MPC) coated orthodontic brackets-a comparative invitro study
Authors: Rao Madhura , Ashith M V , Suman Ethel , Isloor Arun M , Shetty Neetha J , Natarajan Srikant
Published: May 2024

Objectives

White spot lesions are the most common iatrogenic effect observed during orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to compare the surface characteristics and antibacterial action of uncoated and coated orthodontic brackets.

Materials and methods

Sixty commercially available stainless steel brackets were coated with TiO2 nanotubes and methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine. The sample was divided into Group 1: uncoated orthodontic brackets, Group 2: Stainless steel brackets with TiO2 nanotubes coating, Group 3: Stainless steel brackets with methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine coating, and Group 4: Stainless steel brackets with TiO2 nanotubes combined with methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine coating. Surface characterization was assessed using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Streptococcus mutans was selected to test the antibacterial ability of the orthodontic brackets, total bacterial adhesion and bacterial viability were assessed. The brackets were subjected to scanning electron microscopy to detect the presence of biofilm.

Results

The surface roughness was the greatest in Group 1 and least in Group 2 followed by Group 4 and Group 3 coated brackets. The optical density values were highest in Group 1 and lowest in Group 4. Comparison of colony counts revealed high counts in Group 1 and low counts in Group 4. A positive correlation between surface roughness and colony counts was obtained, however, was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

The coated orthodontic brackets exhibited less surface roughness than the uncoated orthodontic brackets. Group 4 coated orthodontic brackets showed the best antibacterial properties.

Clinical relevance

Coated orthodontic brackets prevent adhesion of streptococcus mutans and reduces plaque accumulation around the brackets thereby preventing formation of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment.
Digital literacy scale: Validity and reliability study with the rasch model
Authors: Avinç Ece , Doğan Fatih
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to develop a Likert-type measurement tool (Digital Literacy Scale, DLS) to determine the digital literacy levels of secondary school students. The validity and reliability of the developed measurement tool were verified using the Rasch model. The Rasch Model can estimate missing data and allow for small study groups (Rasch, Rasch, Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests, Danish Institute for Educational Research, 1960). Additionally, this model can verify the expected pattern of the measurement tool by calibrating it across participants and items. The content validity of DLS was ensured by expert opinion, and the construct validity was ensured by using the Rach model. In the content validity study, a 25-item pool was created for the draft DLS, and 5 items were removed from the draft DLS at this stage. Construct validity studies were carried out with the remaining 20 items using the classical test theory and item response theory (Rasch model). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and first-level Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used within the scope of classical test theory. Then some Rasch assumptions such as dimensionlessness, local independence, monotonicity, and bias were tested for DLS. In the validity and reliability analysis of DLS, no items were eliminated, and the quantitative theoretical results were statistically confirmed. The analysis results showed that the minimum statistical values required for a good measurement tool were met. Accordingly, 20 valid and reliable compatible items that can be used to determine the digital literacy status of secondary school students were produced.
Childhood Trajectories of Paternal and Maternal Psychological Distress and Decision-making in Early Adolescence
Authors: Sifaki Maria , Flouri Eirini , Midouhas Emily
Published: May 2024

Decision-making is important for adolescent wellbeing, and predictive of several other outcomes. While past research demonstrates the role of maternal psychological distress in adolescent decision-making, the role of paternal psychological distress remains relatively unexplored. This study examined the association between trajectories of paternal and maternal psychological distress, jointly modelled, in childhood and child decision-making in early adolescence. Using data from 9846 families of the Millennium Cohort Study, we identified paternal and maternal psychological distress trajectories across child ages 3–11 using joint group-based trajectory modelling and explored their associations with offspring decision-making at age 11 with multiple linear regression models. Paternal and maternal psychological distress was measured with the Kessler-6 scale, while adolescent decision-making was assessed using the Cambridge Gambling Task. We identified 2 trajectories for fathers (‘low distress’ and ‘moderate-increasing distress’) and 4 for mothers (‘minimal distress’, ‘low distress’, ‘moderate-increasing distress’ and ‘severe distress’). When jointly modelled, paternal and maternal trajectories predicted decision-making in fully adjusted models. Compared to the ‘low distress’ paternal trajectory, the ‘moderate-increasing distress’ paternal trajectory was associated with less delay aversion, although this effect disappeared when examining only two-parent biological families. Compared to the ‘minimal distress’ maternal trajectory, the ‘moderate-increasing distress’ trajectory predicted slower deliberation time, whereas the ‘severe distress’ trajectory predicted greater risk-taking. There were no gender differences in these paths. Consistently moderate and high levels of maternal distress during childhood are associated with increased decision latency and greater risk-taking, respectively, in early adolescence.
Navigating the currents of coastal narratives in search of sustainable futures
Authors: Paterson Shona K. , Chabay Ilan
Published: May 2024

In the face of rapid, consequential changes in coastal conditions, coastal communities and regions must make decisions to address these changes and negotiate pathways towards more sustainable futures. Making just and equitable decisions requires engaging the affected population and influential stakeholders in the process. These processes can be improved by considering and engaging with shared narratives present across both time and location. This paper reviews exemplary instances in which narratives have been employed in facilitating decisions in coastal regions, in particular, future-facing-narratives that reflect the social landscape and dynamics operating in parallel with environmental and geographical conditions. Recognizing and learning from these narratives deepens and facilitates making informed, meaningful decisions on complex, contested, value-laden issues facing coastal communities. This paper argues that decisions at scales from local-to-national can be improved by considering shared narratives of sustainability and social identity as central pillars of the negotiation around both governance processes and desirable outcomes.
Attenuated down-regulation of PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1 genes as a mechanism for phosphorus sensitivity in phosphorus-efficient Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae)
Authors: Bird Toby , Nestor Benjamin J. , Liu Shu Tong , Shen Qi , Ranathunge Kosala , Lambers Hans , Finnegan Patrick M.
Published: May 2024

Background and aims

Phosphorus (P) is an essential plant nutrient and integral for crop yield. However, plants adapted to P-impoverished environments, such as Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae), are often sensitive to P supplies that would be beneficial to other plants. The strategies for phosphate uptake and transport in P-sensitive species have received little attention.

Methods

Using a recently-assembled transcriptome of H. prostrata, we identified 10 putative members of the PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1 (PHT1) gene family, which is responsible for inorganic phosphate (Pi) uptake and transport in plants. We examined plant growth, organ P concentrations and the transcript levels for the eight PHT1 members that were expressed in roots of H. prostrata at Pi supplies ranging from P-impoverished to P-excess.

Key results

Hakea prostrata plants suppressed cluster root growth above ecologically-relevant Pi supplies, whilst non-cluster root mass ratios were constant. Root P concentrations increased with increasing Pi supply. Of the eight H. prostrata PHT1 genes tested, four had relatively high transcript amounts in young roots suggesting important roles in Pi uptake; however, a maximum five-fold difference in expression between P-impoverished and P-excess conditions indicated a low P-responsiveness for these genes. The HpPHT1;8 and HpPHT1;9 genes were paralogous to Pi-responsive Arabidopsis thaliana PHT1;8 and PHT1;9 orthologues involved in root-to-shoot translocation of P, but only HpPHT1;9 was P responsive.

Conclusions

An attenuated ability of H. prostrata to regulate PHT1 expression in response to Pi supply is likely responsible for its low capacity to control P uptake and contributes to its high P sensitivity.
The relationship between low prolactin and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ken-Dror Gie , Fluck David , Lean Michael E. J. , Casanueva Felipe F. , Han Thang Sieu
Published: May 2024

Prolactin (PRL) is secreted throughout life in men and women. At elevated levels, its physiological role in pregnancy and lactation, and pathological effects, are well known. However clinical implications of low circulating PRL are not well established. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the relationship between low PRL levels and type 2 diabetes. Five papers included cross-sectional studies comprising 8,720 men (mean age range 51.4–60 years) and 3,429 women (49.5–61.6 years), and four papers included cohort studies comprising 2,948 men (52.1–60.0 years) and 3,203 women (49.2–60.1 years). Individuals with pregnancy, lactation and hyperprolactinemia, drugs known to alter circulating PRL levels, or pituitary diseases had been excluded. Although most studies used quartiles to categorize PRL groups for analysis, PRL cut-off values (all measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay) were variably defined between studies: the lowest PRL quartiles ranged from 3.6 ng/ml to 7.2 ng/ml in men and between 4.5 ng/ml to 8 ng/ml in women; and the highest PRL quartiles ranged from 6.9 ng/ml to 13 ng/ml in men and 9.6 ng/ml to 15.8 ng/ml in women. Type 2 diabetes was defined variably using self-reported physician’s diagnosis, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C). In cross-sectional studies, compared to individuals in the highest PRL groups (reference), those in the lowest PRL groups had greater risk of type 2 diabetes both in men: odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval = 1.86 (1.56–2.22) and in women: OR = 2.15 (1.63–2.85). In cohort studies, women showed a significant association between low PRL and type 2 diabetes: OR = 1.52 (1.02–2.28) but not men: OR = 1.44 (0.46–4.57). Relatively low heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 25–38.4%) for cross-sectional studies, but higher for cohort studies (I2 = 52.8–79.7%). In conclusion, low PRL is associated with type 2 diabetes, but discrepancy between men and women in the relationship within cohort studies requires further research.
Optimizing resource allocation: Cost-effectiveness of specified D-dimer cut-offs in cancer patients with suspected venous thromboembolism
Authors: Biciusca Teodora , Gruenewald Leon D. , Martin Simon S. , Gotta Jennifer , Mahmoudi Scherwin , Eichler Katrin , Booz Christian , Salbach Christian , Müller-Hennessen Matthias , Biener Moritz , Yildirim Mustafa , Milles Barbara , Sommer Christof M. , Vogl Thomas J. , Giannitsis Evangelos , Koch Vitali
Published: May 2024

An accurate diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is crucial, given the potential for high mortality in undetected cases. Strategic D-dimer testing may aid in identifying low-risk patients, preventing overdiagnosis and reducing imaging costs. We conducted a retrospective, comparative analysis to assess the potential cost savings that could be achieved by adopting different approaches to determine the most effective D-dimer cut-off value in cancer patients with suspected VTE, compared to the commonly used rule-out cut-off level of 0.5 mg/L. The study included 526 patients (median age 65, IQR 55–75) with a confirmed cancer diagnosis who underwent D-dimer testing. Among these patients, the VTE prevalence was 29% (n = 152). Each diagnostic strategy's sensitivity, specificity, negative likelihood ratio (NLR), as well as positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and the proportion of patients exhibiting a negative D-dimer test result, were calculated. The diagnostic strategy that demonstrated the best balance between specificity, sensitivity, NLR, and PLR, utilized an inverse age-specific cut-off level for D-dimer [0.5 + (66-age) × 0.01 mg/L]. This method yielded a PLR of 2.9 at a very low NLR for the exclusion of VTE. We observed a significant cost reduction of 4.6% and 1.0% for PE and DVT, respectively. The utilization of an age-adjusted cut-off [patient’s age × 0.01 mg/L] resulted in the highest cost savings, reaching 8.1% for PE and 3.4% for DVT. Using specified D-dimer cut-offs in the diagnosis of VTE could improve economics, considering the limited occurrence of confirmed cases among patients with suspected VTE.

Graphical Abstract

In the context of accurate diagnosis of VTE, strategic D-dimer testing helps identify low-risk patients, preventing overdiagnosis and reducing imaging costs. In our retrospective study, the diagnostic strategy that demonstrated the best balance between specificity, sensitivity, and best PLR, utilized an inverse age-specific cut-off level for D-dimer. We observed a significant cost reduction of 4.6% for PE and 1% for DVT. Abbreviations: CTPA, computed tomography pulmonary angiography; CUS, compression ultrasound; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism; VTE, venous thromboembolism.
Pharmacological differences between human and mouse P2X4 receptor explored using old and new tools
Authors: Fortuny-Gomez Anna , Fountain Samuel J.
Published: May 2024

There is growing interest in the P2X4 receptor as a therapeutic target for several cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurological conditions. Key to exploring the physiological and pathophysiological roles of P2X4 is access to selective compounds to probe function in cells, tissues and animal models. There has been a recent growth in selective antagonists for P2X4, though agonist selectivity is less well studied. As there are some known pharmacological differences between P2X receptors from different species, it is important to understand these differences when designing a pharmacological strategy to probe P2X4 function in human tissue and mouse models. Here, we provide a systematic comparison of agonist and antagonist pharmacology in 1321N1 cells expressing either human or mouse P2X4 orthologues. We identify a rank order of agonist potency of ATP > 2-MeSATP > αβmeATP = BzATP > CTP = γ-[(propargyl)-imido]-ATP for human P2X4 and ATP > 2-MeSATP = CTP > ATPγS = γ-[(propargyl)-imido]-ATP = BzATP for mouse. Human P2X4 is not activated by ATPγS but can be activated by αβmeATP. We identify a rank order of antagonist potency of BAY-1797 = PSB-12062 = BX-430 > 5-BDBD > TNP-ATP = PPADS for human P2X4 and BAY-1797 > PSB-12062 = PPADS > TNP-ATP for mouse. Mouse P2X4 is not antagonised by 5-BDBD or BX-430. The study reveals key pharmacological differences between human and mouse P2X4, highlighting caution when selecting tools for comparative studies between human and mouse and ascribing cellular responses of some commonly used agonists to P2X4.
Review of Vibration Analysis and Structural Optimization Research for Rotating Blades
Authors: Zhong Saifeng , Jin Guoyong , Chen Yukun , Ye Tiangui , Zhou Tuo
Published: May 2024

Blades are important parts of rotating machinery such as marine gas turbines and wind turbines, which are exposed to harsh environments during mechanical operations, including centrifugal loads, aerodynamic forces, or high temperatures. These demanding working conditions considerably influence the dynamic performance of blades. Therefore, because of the challenges posed by blades in complex working environments, in-depth research and optimization are necessary to ensure that blades can operate safely and efficiently, thus guaranteeing the reliability and performance of mechanical systems. Focusing on the vibration analysis of blades in rotating machinery, this paper conducts a comprehensive literature review on the research advancements in vibration modeling and structural optimization of blades under complex operational conditions. First, the paper outlines the development of several modeling theories for rotating blades, including one-dimensional beam theory, two-dimensional plate–shell theory, and three-dimensional solid theory. Second, the research progress in the vibrational analysis of blades under aerodynamic loads, thermal environments, and crack factors is separately discussed. Finally, the developments in rotating blade structural optimization are presented from material optimization and shape optimization perspectives. The methodology and theory of analyzing and optimizing blade vibration characteristics under multifactorial operating conditions are comprehensively outlined, aiming to assist future researchers in proposing more effective and practical approaches for the vibration analysis and optimization of blades.
Jewish Women, Native-Born and Migrants, in Brussels: Social Integration, “Bubbles” and Acculturation
Authors: Lev Ari Lilach , Tzadik Efrat
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to compare two groups of Jewish women, native-born and migrants, who reside in Brussels regarding their social integration into native-born Jewish and non-Jewish communities and the acculturation strategies they employ. It seems that Brussels is not as socially and culturally open, as perceived by the interviewees. Hence, the social networks of women in our study, as well as their acculturation patterns, differ in degree of separation between native-born Jewish women, non-Israeli immigrants and Israeli immigrants. The former maintain social networks characterized by fluid boundaries between them and the majority society, whereas non-Israeli immigrants are characterized by shared, not very dense networks with the native-born Jewish community and diasporic networks. Finally, Israeli women are characterized by almost completely closed social networks, which can be defined as a distinct “Israeli bubble.” As for their acculturation strategies, native-born women are those who are more integrated among non-Jews and native-born Jews, as expected from their familiarity with the culture and their long-term interactions, despite being partially marginalized as minority. Migrant women are less integrated and more separated from both native-born Jews and – to a larger extent – from non-Jews; so are Israelis. Social networks which gradually become communities are mainly created by women and maintained by them over the years. Therefore, the study of social networks, their structure and construction through daily interactions, and their contribution to the ethnic-diasporic community building have become the source of women’s strength in the host country – as immigrants and as a native-born minority group.
Predictive Partly Conditional Models for Longitudinal Ordinal Outcomes with Application to Alzheimer’s Disease Progression
Authors: Neal Jacquelyn E. , Zhang Panpan , Liu Dandan
Published: May 2024

Assessing time-dependent risk factors in relation to the risk of disease progression is challenging, yet important, especially for chronic diseases with slow progression. In this paper, the partly conditional model is extended for characterizing disease progression at time t with longitudinal ordinal outcomes in the presence of time-dependent covariates at time s$$(s < t)$$

(
s
<
t
)

and time-dependent effects. Advantages of the method include direct modeling of disease progression, use of longitudinal risk factors, and flexibility in target period of progression $$u = t - s$$

u
=
t
-
s

. A generalized estimating equation approach is adopted for parameter estimation, and a new regularity condition requiring a fixed prediction time window $$u_0$$

u
0

is established to consistently estimate the covariance of the estimated parameters. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to assess the properties of the proposed model alongside with an explicit demonstration of the implementation using existing statistical software. The proposed method is applied to a longitudinal Alzheimer’s disease dataset from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center to assess effect of time-dependent cognitive complaint on Alzheimer’s Disease progression.
Effect of American genomic ancestry on severe toxicities in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the Amazon region
Authors: Wanderley Alayde Vieira , de Moraes Francisco Cezar Aquino , da Costa Nunes Giovanna Gilioli , Pereira Esdras Edgar Batista , Leitão Luciana Pereira Colares , de Oliveira Marcelo Braga , Tavares Ágatha Tereza Miranda , da Costa Pantoja Laudreisa , Khayat Bruna Cláudia Meireles , Fernandes Marianne Rodrigues , de Assumpção Paulo Pimentel , dos Santos Ândrea Kely Ribeiro , Burbano Rommel Mario Rodríguez , dos Santos Sidney Emanuel Batista , Ribeiro Raul , Khayat André Salim , dos Santos Ney Pereira Carneiro
Published: May 2024

Background

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a neoplasm of the hematopoietic system characterized by a clonal expansion of abnormal lymphocyte precursor cells. ALL is the most common form of cancer in children, but despite advances in treatment, it can still be fatal. Ethnic differences influence survival rates, and genomic ancestry plays an important role, especially in mixed-race populations such as Latin America. This study aims to analyze the influence of genomic ancestry on toxicity in children with ALL in the Amazon region.

Methods

The study included 171 patients (protocol number 119,649/2012—Ethics Committee) with ALL treated at a pediatric treatment center in Belém do Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon. The patients were submitted to the BFM protocol of induction therapy for ALL. Toxicity was assessed based on laboratory tests and adverse events, classified according to the CTC-NCI guide. Genomic ancestry was determined using autosomal informative markers.

Results

The majority of children (94.74%) developed some type of toxicity during treatment, 87.04% of which were severe. Infectious toxicity was the most common, present in 84.8% of cases, 77.24% of which were severe. Amerindian ancestry showed an association with the risk of severe general toxicity and severe infectious toxicity, with a contribution of 35.0% demonstrating a significant increase in risk. In addition, post-induction refractoriness and relapse were also associated with an increased risk of death.

Conclusion

This study highlights the influence of Amerindian genomic ancestry on response to therapy and toxicity in children with ALL in the Amazon region. Understanding these associations can contribute to personalizing treatment and improving clinical outcomes.
Artificial intelligence assisted diagnosis of early tc markers and its application
Authors: Zhang Laney , Wong Chinting , Li Yungeng , Huang Tianyi , Wang Jiawen , Lin Chenghe
Published: May 2024

Thyroid cancer (TC) is a common endocrine malignancy with an increasing incidence worldwide. Early diagnosis is particularly important for TC patients, because it allows patients to receive treatment as early as possible. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides great advantages for complex healthcare systems by analyzing big data based on machine learning. Nowadays, AI is widely used in the early diagnosis of cancer such as TC. Ultrasound detection and fine needle aspiration biopsy are the main methods for early diagnosis of TC. AI has been widely used in the detection of malignancy in thyroid nodules by ultrasound images, cytopathology images and molecular markers. It shows great potential in auxiliary medical diagnosis. The latest clinical trial has shown that the performance of AI models matches with the diagnostic efficiency of experienced clinicians, and more efficient AI tools will be developed in the future. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the recent advances in the application of AI algorithms in assessing the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules. The objective of this review was to provide a data base for the clinical use of AI-assisted diagnosis in TC, as well as to provide new ideas for the next generation of AI-assisted diagnosis in TC.
MiR-6839-5p inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion; a possible correlation with the suppressing VEGFA expression in human chondrosarcoma cells
Authors: Li Fusheng , Xu Jia , Zhu Yue
Published: May 2024

MicroRNAs play an important role in the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of malignancy. In previous studies (detailed in our previous paper), the expression of miR-6839-5p was significantly increased in SW1353 cells after 125I seed 6 Gy irradiation, which indicated miR-6839-5p may play a tumor suppression function in chondrosarcoma cells. This study aimed to identify the effects of miR-6839-5p on the human chondrosarcoma cells, and investigate the potential target genes of miR-6839-5p. Firstly, chondrosarcoma cells (SW1353 and CAL78) were transfected with hsa-miR-6839-5p specific mimic. Secondly, Cell viability assay (MTT assay), Colony formation assay, Wound healing assay, Transwell assay, TUNEL staining and Western blotting experiments were performed, and the results proved miR-6839-5p can inhibit chondrosarcoma cells proliferation, migration and invasion. Meanwhile, miR-6839-5p significantly down-regulated apoptosis facilitator Bcl-2 expression, and promoted apoptosis of chondrosarcoma cells. It is reasonable to speculate miR-6839-5p might downregulate Bcl-2 expression to induce apoptosis in SW1353 human chondrosarcoma cells. Lastly, RNA extraction and bioinformatic analysis was performed on SW1353 cells transfected with hsa-miR-6839-5p specific mimic to investigate the potential target genes of miR-6839-5p. A total of 253 differentially expressed mRNA genes (105 up-regulated genes and 148 down-regulated genes) were found, and 23 differentially expressed downregulated genes were identified. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to validate the results, which demonstrated the expression of BST2, VEGFA, FPR3 and PPARA was significantly downregulated by miR-6839-5p mimic. Furthermore, miR-6839-5p inhibitor can restore or partially restore the expression value of the above four genes. The analysis results of miRNA target gene prediction database indicated VEGFA was the most likely direct target gene of miR-6839-5p.
Laboratory investigation on inhibition of polyvinyl alcohol used for wireline coring drilling
Authors: Huang Yuming , Zheng Wenlong , Zhang Guoqi , Chen Yong , Qin Jiashuo
Published: May 2024

To address the problems of wall collapse, cuttings slurrying, and scaling on the inner wall of the drill pipe, which often occur in small-diameter diamond wireline core drilling, the inhibition properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was investigated, and the formulation of solids-free drilling fluid with PVA as the inhibitor were completed. PVA has the advantages of fast adsorption and easy regulation of rheological properties Firstly the inhibition effect of PVA was compared with that of common inorganic salts (sodium chloride, NaCl, potassium chloride, KCl) by bentonite dispersion test, linear swelling test, shale rolling recovery test and mud ball immersion test in this study. Then, the inhibition mechanism of PVA was analyzed with potentiometric particle size tests, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. Based on the outstanding inhibition performance of PVA, tackifiers and filtration reducers were preferred through the compatibility test. And finally, the effects of various contaminants on the comprehensive performance of the formulated solids-free drilling fluids were evaluated. The results showed that PVA exhibited better inhibition of clay hydration and dispersion in shale recovery and linear swelling compared to NaCl and KCl, which was particularly evident in the mud ball immersion test. FT-IR and XRD tests revealed that the inorganic salts were used to replace the cations with larger radius and high degree of hydration in the clay layer by ion exchange ti achieve the effect of clay de-watering by reducing the spacing of the clay interlayer and the electrostatic repulsion between the particles. However, PVA is strongly adsorbed on the clay surface in the form of hydrogen bonds due to its unique multi-hydroxyl chain structure, forming a hydrophobic barrier to prevent water molecules from entering the clay layer, thus inhibiting the hydration and swelling of the clay. Using PVA as an inhibitor, compounded with xanthan gum, sulfonated lignite resin and sulfonated gilsonite (FT-1), the solids-free drilling fluid is promising for use in diamond wireline core drilling in complex formations.
Visible Light-Illuminated Gold Nanohole Arrays With Tunable On-Chip Plasmonic Sensing Properties
Authors: Guang Jianye , Lu Mengdi , Li Rui , Wang Chen , Lin Ming , Fan Ruizhi , Peng Wei
Published: May 2024

Since the discovery of the extraordinary optical transmission phenomenon, nanohole arrays have attracted much attention and been widely applied in sensing. However, their typical fabrication process, utilizing photolithographic top-down manufacturing technologies, has intrinsic drawbacks including the high costs, time consumption, small footprint, and low throughput. This study presented a low-cost, high-throughput, and scalable method for fabricating centimeter-scale (1×2 cm2) nanohole arrays using the improved nanosphere lithography. The large-scale close-packed polystyrene monolayers obtained by the hemispherical-depression-assisted self-assembly method were employed as colloidal masks for the nanosphere lithography, and the nanohole diameter was tuned from 233 nm to 346 nm with a fixed period of 420 nm via plasma etching. The optical properties and sensing performance of the nanohole arrays were investigated, and two transmission dips were observed due to the resonant coupling of plasmonic modes. Both dips were found to be sensitive to the surrounding environment, and the maximum bulk refractive index sensitivity was up to 162.1 nm/RIU with a 233 nm hole diameter. This study offered a promising approach for fabricating large-scale highly ordered nanohole arrays with various periods and nanohole diameters that could be used for the development of low-cost and high-throughput on-chip plasmonic sensors.
From sums of divisors to partition congruences
Authors: Merca Mircea
Published: May 2024

Let z be a complex number. For any positive integer n it is well known that the sum of the zth powers of the positive divisors of n can be computed without knowing all the divisors of n, if we take into account the factorization of n. In this paper, we rely on the integer partitions of n in order to investigate computational methods for $$\sum _{d|n} (\pm 1)^{d+1}\,d^z$$

∑

d
|
n

(
±
1
)

d
+
1

d
z

, $$\sum _{d|n} (-1)^{n/d+1}\,d^z$$

∑

d
|
n

(
-
1
)

n
/
d
+
1

d
z

and $$\sum _{d|n} (-1)^{n/d+d}\,d^z$$

∑

d
|
n

(
-
1
)

n
/
d
+
d

d
z

. To compute these sums of divisors of n, it is sufficient to know the multiplicity of 1 in each partition involved in the computational process. Our methods do not require knowing the divisors of n or the factorization of n. New congruences involving Euler’s partition function p(n) are experimentally discovered in this context.
Comparison of clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia in a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Meyer Hans-Jakob , Mödl Lukas , Unruh Olesya , Xiang Weiwei , Berger Sarah , Müller-Plathe Moritz , Rohde Gernot , Pletz Mathias W. , Rupp Jan , Suttorp Norbert , Witzenrath Martin , Zoller Thomas , Mittermaier Mirja , Steinbeis Fridolin ,   CAPNETZ study group, Fuchs A , Engelmann M , Stolz D , Bauer W , Mücke H. C , Schmager S , Schaaf B , Kremling J , Nickoleit-Bitzenberger D , Azzaui H , Hower M , Hempel F , Prebeg K , Popkirova K , Kolditz M , Bellinghausen C , Grünewaldt A , Panning M , Welte T , Fühner T , van’t Klooster M. , Barten-Neiner G , Kröner W , Adaskina N , Eberherdt F , Julius C , Illig T , Klopp N , Schleenvoigt B. T , Forstner C , Moeser A , Ankert J , Drömann D , Parschke P , Franzen K , Käding N , Waldeck F , Spinner C , Erber J , Voit F , Schneider J , Heigener D , Hering I , Albrich W , Seneghini M , Rassouli F , Baldesberger S , Essig A , Stenger S , Wallner M , Burgmann H , Traby L , Schubert L , Chen R
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia (NC-CAP) often result in hospitalization with considerable risks of mortality, ICU treatment, and long-term morbidity. A comparative analysis of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 CAP (C-CAP) and NC-CAP may improve clinical management.

Methods

Using prospectively collected CAPNETZ study data (January 2017 to June 2021, 35 study centers), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of clinical outcomes including in-hospital death, ICU treatment, length of hospital stay (LOHS), 180-day survival, and post-discharge re-hospitalization rate. Logistic regression models were used to examine group differences between C-CAP and NC-CAP patients and associations with patient demography, recruitment period, comorbidity, and treatment.

Results

Among 1368 patients (C-CAP: n = 344; NC-CAP: n = 1024), C-CAP showed elevated adjusted probabilities for in-hospital death (aOR 4.48 [95% CI 2.38–8.53]) and ICU treatment (aOR 8.08 [95% CI 5.31–12.52]) compared to NC-CAP. C-CAP patients were at increased risk of LOHS over seven days (aOR 1.88 [95% CI 1.47–2.42]). Although ICU patients had similar in-hospital mortality risk, C-CAP was associated with length of ICU stay over seven days (aOR 3.59 [95% CI 1.65–8.38]). Recruitment period influenced outcomes in C-CAP but not in NC-CAP. During follow-up, C-CAP was linked to a reduced risk of re-hospitalization and mortality post-discharge (aOR 0.43 [95% CI 0.27–0.70]).

Conclusion

Distinct clinical trajectories of C-CAP and NC-CAP underscore the need for adapted management to avoid acute and long-term morbidity and mortality amid the evolving landscape of CAP pathogens.
Korenblum’s Principle for Bergman Spaces with Radial Weights
Authors: Efraimidis Iason , Llinares Adrián , Vukotić Dragan
Published: May 2024

We show that the Korenblum maximum (domination) principle is valid for weighted Bergman spaces $$A^p_w$$

A
w
p

with arbitrary (non-negative and integrable) radial weights w in the case $$1\le p<\infty $$

1
≤
p
<
∞

. We also notice that in every weighted Bergman space the supremum of all radii for which the principle holds is strictly smaller than one. Under the mild additional assumption $$\liminf _{r\rightarrow 0^+} w(r)>0$$

lim inf

r
→

0
+

w

(
r
)

>
0

, we show that the principle fails whenever $$0<p<1$$

0
<
p
<
1

.
An innovative approach to develop plant-derived and CO2-based active biocomposite films towards antioxidant activity
Authors: Dominici Serena , Collins Maurice N. , Morris Michael A. , Tran Thi Nga
Published: May 2024

In this study, novel biocomposites composed of CO2-derived poly(propylene) carbonate and plant-based cellulose were developed employing solvent casting technique. An innovative and rapid strategy was employed, whereby pre-dissolving cellulose improves dramatically the compatibility of poly(propylene) carbonate with cellulose whilst pristine cellulose powder displays inhomogeneous distributions of cellulose within the biocomposite. Resulting biocomposites produce flat homogeneous surfaces with low cellulose content, whilst rougher surfaces and thicker cross sections were observed in films with higher cellulose content. Developed biocomposites outperformed biocomposites produced from pristine cellulose powder in terms of homogeneity, thermal stability, antioxidant activity and biocompatibility. Higher cellulose content samples show the formation of a new hydrogen bonding network between PPC and cellulose polymer chains and this contributes to improved thermal stability. TGA results reveal improved thermal stability for high cellulose content films and show enhanced water vapor permeability. A cell viability study shows that the developed materials are biocompatible. Curcumin, a natural antioxidant, was incorporated into optimized biocomposites to produce active biocomposites with antioxidant features to accelerate wound healing. Curcumin is shown to display a sustained release profile over a time period of 3 days, and this is ideal for would healing. The curcumin-functionalized biocomposites also contributed to enhanced thermal stability and water vapor permeability. Thus, these biocomposite films show promise as active biocomposites which can be used for biomedical applications such as wound healing.
Examining the Effectiveness of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Removal of Sulfur from Fuel Oil: A Mini Review
Authors: Oke Emmanuel A.
Published: May 2024

The global demand for cleaner and more sustainable energy sources has stimulated extensive research into advanced technologies for sulfur removal from fossil fuels. Sulphur compounds in fuels contribute to air pollution, acid rain, and environmental degradation, underscoring the urgency of efficient desulfurisation methods. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as environmentally friendly candidates for sulphur removal from fuels. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in utilising DESs for desulfurisation processes, highlighting their sustainable and economically viable features. The manuscript begins with an introduction to the pressing need for clean fuels. It also emphasises the unique properties of DESs, such as low toxicity, biodegradability, and tunability, making them well-suited for sulphur extraction. A brief discussion on the classification and synthesis of DESs contextualises the review. Additionally, an overview of the effects of sulphur on the environment is presented. This review systematically categorises DESs used for desulfurisation into five distinct groups: DESs containing transition metal salts, sulfones, glycols, aromatic compounds, and organic acids. Each category is thoroughly discussed, examining their respective applications and effectiveness in desulfurisation processes. Towards the end, the review addresses current challenges and prospects in the field, including scaling up DES-based processes and enhancing efficiency through catalysts and synergistic approaches.

Graphical Abstract
Fine-scale measurements unravel the side effects of biochar capping on the bioavailability and mobility of phosphorus in sediments
Authors: Ma Xin , Song Yijun , Shen Yilun , Yang Liyuan , Ding Shiming , Li Cai , Sun Qin
Published: May 2024

Biochar is widely used for sediment remediation owing to its excellent adsorption properties and low carbon footprint. However, the impacts of biochar capping on phosphorus (P) bioavailability and mobility in the sediment are little known. In this study, the P mobilization processes in sediments capped with biochar were investigated by combining advanced high-resolution sampling techniques and microbiome analysis. The results showed that biochar is a double-edged sword for the sediment P release, depending on the application dosage and the capping time. In the short term (30 days), 2-cm biochar capping decreased the release flux of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) by 73.1%, whereas the 1-cm biochar capping significantly increased the release flux of SRP by 51.0%. After aging of biochar (80 days), the resupply capacity of sediment P was improved, resulting in increases of more than 33.7% and 121.5% in the release fluxes of SRP in the 1-cm and 2-cm capping groups, respectively, compared to the control group. Chemisorption played a pivotal role in regulating the levels of SRP, particularly during the short-term capping period. And more biochar can provide more adsorption sites on P. The P mobilization increase could be attributed to P desorption from biochar after biochar aging. Furthermore, biochar capping intensified the microbial-mediated iron reduction and organic matter decomposition, which enhanced P mobility. Our study highlights the importance of biochar application dosage and the capping time in sediment remediation, providing a scientific basis for the optimization of biochar capping techniques.

Graphical Abstract
Perioperative Opioid Stewardship Program: Barriers and Promotors of Implementation and Sustainability
Authors: Allen Megan L. , Somasundaram Kaleswari , Leslie Kate , Manski-Nankervis Jo-Anne
Published: May 2024

Perioperative opioid stewardship programs aim to harness the benefits of opioid analgesia for managing acute post-surgical pain whilst mitigating potential harm. Healthcare worker stakeholders are vital for the effective program introduction and continuation. However, their perceptions of program barriers and promotors are underexplored. We conducted twenty semi-structured interviews with healthcare workers across three health services that introduced a perioperative opioid stewardship program. The participants included specialist pain medicine physicians, anaesthetist managers, pain nurses, pharmacists and Junior Medical Officers. Interviews were transcribed and coded both inductively and deductively against the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research. Key themes from the data were reviewed, refined and reported. Participants were generally aware of perioperative opioid stewardship principles but senior clinicians reported greater specific program knowledge. Adherence to the discharge opioid prescription guideline was promoted by hospital leadership endorsement and workflow integration. A universal barrier to program adherence was inadequate resourcing. Lack of role clarity was a barrier to patient discharge opioid education. Hospital-community prescriber communication was variable but generally limited to written discharge summaries rather than a comprehensive, personalised approach. Introducing an Electronic Medical Record was universally seen as an opportunity to promote better program integration and sustainment. This study deepens our current understanding of the drivers of observed perioperative opioid stewardship program outcomes from the perspective of healthcare worker stakeholders. The findings could be used to optimise existing programs or to guide the implementation of new programs to achieve effective clinical change.
Right byte or left out? Gender differences in self-presentation among job-seekers on LinkedIn in India
Authors: Ahuja Kanika K.
Published: May 2024

Professional social networking sites like LinkedIn have opened up immense opportunities for job seekers to manage their self-presentations online to create a favorable impression on others. The present study aimed to examine how presentation of jobseekers on LinkedIn was affected by their gender. It investigated gender differences on LinkedIn profiles on self-promotion, agency/communion-related self-descriptors, and emotional expressivity in portraits, among recent MBA graduates. The sample comprised of 669 LinkedIn users (337 men and 332 women), matched on current industry, MBA graduation year, institute, age, experience, and geographic location. Self-promotion metrics included length of ‘about’ section, number of skills, and number of awards and honors in the listed profiles. We also counted the number of agentic and communal words (Pietraszkiewicz et al. in Eur J Soc Psychol 49:871–887, 2018) listed in users’ personal summaries. Emotional expressivity measures included full smile, head-canting, and eye contact seen in portraits, as independently rated by 10 raters. Results using chi-square analysis demonstrated that men self-promoted more than women. Women’s portraits showed more head canting and smiling than men, although no difference was found on eye contact. Significant differences were found between men and women on the use of communion words, but not agentic words. Such differences in self-promotion, gendered language and emotional expressivity may place women at a disadvantage relative to men in seeking jobs. Interpretation of the findings and implications are discussed.