bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciphering tissue‐based proteome signatures revealed novel subtyping and prognostic markers for thymic epithelial tumors
Authors: Ku Xin , Sun Qiangling , Zhu Lei , Gu Zhitao , Han Yuchen , Xu Ning , Meng Chen , Yang Xiaohua , Yan Wei , Fang Wentao
Published: January 2020

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) belong to a group of tumors that rarely occur, but have unresolved mechanisms and heterogeneous clinical behaviors. Current care of TET patients demands biomarkers of high sensitivity and specificity for accurate histological classification and prognosis management. In this study, 134 fresh‐frozen tissue samples (84 tumor, 40 tumor adjacent, and 10 normal thymus) were recruited to generate a quantitative and systematic view of proteomic landscape of TETs. Among them, 90 samples were analyzed by data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS) leading to discovery of novel classifying molecules among different TET subtypes. The correlation between clinical outcome and the identified molecules was probed, and the prioritized proteins of interest were further validated on the remaining samples (n = 44) via parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) as well as immunohistochemical and confocal imaging analysis. In particular, two proteins, the cellular mRNA deadenylase CCR4 (carbon catabolite repressor 4)‐NOT (negative on TATA) complex subunit 2/9 (CNOT2/9) and the serine hydroxymethyltransferase that catalyzes the reversible interconversions of serine and glycine (SHMT1), were found at dramatic low levels in the thymic epithelia of more malignant subtype, thymic squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Interestingly, the mRNA levels of these two genes were shown to be closely correlated with prognosis of the TET patients. These results extended the existing human tissue proteome atlas and allowed us to identify several new protein classifiers for TET subtyping. Newly identified subtyping and prognosis markers, CNOT2/9 and SHMT1, will expand current diagnostic arsenal in terms of higher specificity and prognostic insights for TET diagnosis and management.
The First Detection of Koi Herpesvirus (CyHV3) in Migratory Wild Ducks in North America
Authors: Torres-Meza O. A. , Loza-Rubio E. , Martínez-Maya J. J. , García-Espinosa G.
Published: January 2020

A viromics study on the intestinal contents of migratory wild ducks of the genera Anas, Mareca, Spatula, and Oxyura during their winter stay in Mexico showed the presence of the virus family Alloherpesviridae. The genus Cyprinivirus is part of this family and includes cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV3). This is the etiological agent of the lethal disease known as koi herpesvirosis, which affects different strains of Common Carp Cyrprinus carpio. In this study, samples of the contents of 87 wild duck intestines were analyzed by endpoint PCR, of which 7 samples were positive for the amplification of the TK gene fragment corresponding to CyHV3. These results contribute to the knowledge about the spread of this virus to other species of aquatic animals in areas where fish and ducks coexist.
Metachromatic leukodystrophy and transplantation: remyelination, no cross‐correction
Authors: Wolf Nicole I. , Breur Marjolein , Plug Bonnie , Beerepoot Shanice , Westerveld Aimee S. R. , van Rappard Diane F. , de Vries Sharon I. , Kole Maarten H. P. , Vanderver Adeline , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Lindemans Caroline A. , van Hasselt Peter M. , Boelens Jaap J. , Matzner Ulrich , Gieselmann Volkmar , Bugiani Marianna
Published: January 2020

Objective

In metachromatic leukodystrophy, a lysosomal storage disorder due to decreased arylsulfatase A activity, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may stop brain demyelination and allow remyelination, thereby halting white matter degeneration. This is the first study to define the effects and therapeutic mechanisms of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on brain tissue of transplanted metachromatic leukodystrophy patients.

Methods

Autopsy brain tissue was obtained from eight (two transplanted and six nontransplanted) metachromatic leukodystrophy patients, and two age‐matched controls. We examined the presence of donor cells by immunohistochemistry and microscopy. In addition, we assessed myelin content, oligodendrocyte numbers, and macrophage phenotypes. An unpaired t‐test, linear regression or the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U‐test was performed to evaluate differences between the transplanted, nontransplanted, and control group.

Results

In brain tissue of transplanted patients, we found metabolically competent donor macrophages expressing arylsulfatase A distributed throughout the entire white matter. Compared to nontransplanted patients, these macrophages preferentially expressed markers of alternatively activated, anti‐inflammatory cells that may support oligodendrocyte survival and differentiation. Additionally, transplanted patients showed higher numbers of oligodendrocytes and evidence for remyelination. Contrary to the current hypothesis on therapeutic mechanism of hematopoietic cell transplantation in metachromatic leukodystrophy, we detected no enzymatic cross‐correction to resident astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.

Interpretation

In conclusion, donor macrophages are able to digest accumulated sulfatides and may play a neuroprotective role for resident oligodendrocytes, thereby enabling remyelination, albeit without evidence of cross‐correction of oligo‐ and astroglia. These results emphasize the importance of immunomodulation in addition to the metabolic correction, which might be exploited for improved outcomes.
Nanoscale Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Biocompatibility, Imaging Applications, and Thermal and Dynamic Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Li Shimei , Tan Longfei , Meng Xianwei
Published: January 2020

Nanoscale metal‐organic frameworks (NMOFs) have attracted increasing attention for biomedical applications due to their large specific surface area, good biocompatibility, adjustable structures, and diverse functions. By choosing appropriate metal ions and ligands, NMOFs can be synthesized and regulated to assist the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, acting as imaging agents, drug carriers, and cancer therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the recent advances of NMOFs in synthesis, biocompatibility, imaging, and applications in cancer therapies. Among these, the term “biocompatibility” is used to outline their various biological characteristics, and it is mainly discussed from the aspects of size and surface properties of NMOFs. The imaging section mainly emphasizes the application advantages of NMOFs as imaging agents in magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and fluorescence imaging. The applications of NMOFs in four cancer therapies, including phototherapy, radiotherapy, microwave therapy, and ultrasonic therapy, are addressed, especially for thermal and dynamic therapy. Finally, the prospects and challenges of NMOFs in imaging and cancer therapies are also discussed.
Programmed Multiresponsive Hydrogel Assemblies with Light‐Tunable Mechanical Properties, Actuation, and Fluorescence
Authors: Lu Dongdong , Zhu Mingning , Wu Shanglin , Lian Qing , Wang Wenkai , Adlam Daman , Hoyland Judith A. , Saunders Brian R.
Published: January 2020

Fabrication strategies for programmed hydrogels that provide precise spatial control with predetermined responses to external stimuli are highly desirable. In this study, a partially reversible light‐driven assembly (PRLDA) method is introduced to construct multiresponsive hydrogels utilizing microgel (MG) particle building blocks (swollen diameter of 107 nm). No other material is required to prepare the gels beyond the MGs themselves. Facile preparation of multiresponsive hydrogels that are reversibly responsive to light, pH, and temperature using phototriggered covalent interlinking of coumarin‐based MGs is demonstrated. The gels have phototuneable moduli and swelling ratios and show light‐assisted healing and reshaping. Remarkably, the intrinsic fluorescence of the gels undergoes a reversible light‐triggered wavelength‐shift. The emission peak blueshifted from 420 to 390 nm upon irradiation with 365 nm light. The PRLDA gels can be constructed using either positive or negative photopatterning. It is shown that the gels can be exploited for multiresponsive cytocompatible actuators, grippers, and ON/OFF circuit components as well as anticounterfeit gels. The PRLDA method provides new insight into programmed gel property control and has excellent potential for biomaterial and optoelectronic applications.
Dissolution–Recrystallization Formation of Huge Thin 2D Silicalite Lamella for Promoted Sorption
Authors: Liu Jie , Yang Danni , Wang Zheng‐Ming , Hiyoshi Norihito
Published: January 2020

An all silica MEL‐type silicalite‐2 nanocrystal is hydrothermally treated in coexistence with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) at ordinary and elevated temperatures. From monitoring its structural transition process by various physico‐chemical methodologies, it is found that, instead of simple delamination, silicalite‐2 nanocrystal changes with a dissolution and recrystallization mechanism by treatment at an elevated temperature and for a long time, that is, it is first dissolved and then reorganized to huge 2D platelets via an intermediate step forming periodic mesoporous material. The newly formed nanoplatelets (h‐nanoplatelets) from in‐plane growth along a (or b)‐, c‐directions (normal to b (or a)‐axis) are of silicalite (either MEL or MEL/MFI intergrowth)‐type framework topology with a thickness of 3.3 nm (the equivalent of ≈1.6 unit cell) and interspersed with a minor part of small square‐like MFI‐type nanoplatelets (s‐nanoplatelets). The h‐nanoplatelets have expanded lattice parameters and a larger micropore size compared to the parent silicalite‐2 nanocrystal and s‐nanoplatelets, whose micropore structure are modified so as to benefit from both equilibrium adsorption and desorption‐recovering ability of organic contaminants particularly at a low vapor pressure range. This is the first report regarding the dissolution–recrystallization formation of 2D lamella‐type silicalites mediated by popular types of surfactant and base species.
Stretchable and Broadband Cavity‐Free Lasers Based on All 2D Metamaterials
Authors: Yang Yu‐Fan , Hu Han‐Wen , Wu Meng‐Jer , Lin Tai‐Yuan , Shen Ji‐Lin , Chen Yang‐Fang
Published: January 2020

The development of two‐dimensional (2D) materials has brought the breakthrough for scientific discoveries and widespread applications in many emerging devices. However, the related study on lasers is rather limited. In this study, a stretchable and broadband cavity‐free laser device based on all 2D metamaterials consisting of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/graphene nanocomposites is designed and demonstrated. When the pumping power density of the device is more than 200 W cm−2, multiple pronounced narrow peaks with linewidth <0.5 nm superimpose on the spectra, providing the signature for laser actions. The optical properties of MoS2/graphene meta‐nanocomposites for MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) with different concentration of l‐histidine doping are also examined. It is emphasized that under optimized doping concentration of MoS2 QDs, the laser action of the device can be effectively enhanced. Furthermore, it is shown that the laser action of the devices is controllable by applying an external strain. It is demonstrated that after stretching for more than 200 times, the performance still remains the same with negligible change, indicating the robustness of the device. The presented stretchable laser devices based on all 2D meta‐nanocomposites therefore can open new possibilities for future developments of not‐yet realized optoelectronic devices.
Ensembles of Photonic Beads: Optical Properties and Enhanced Light—Matter Interactions
Authors: Aravindakshan Nikhil , Eftekhari Ehsan , Tan Say Hwa , Li Xiaomin , St John James , Nguyen Nam Trung , Zhao Huijun , Zhao Dongyuan , Li Qin
Published: January 2020

Light management is of paramount importance to improve the performance of optoelectronic devices including photodetectors, optical sensors, solar cells, and light‐emitting diodes. Photonic crystals are shown as an effective metamaterial for trapping light among their various photon management functions. Herewith, it is demonstrated that spherical photonic crystals, or in other words, photonic beads, possess a stronger light‐trapping effect compared to the planar counterpart. The photonic beads are fabricated by colloidal self‐assembly under microdroplet confinement employing microfluidic devices. The light–matter interactions are illustrated by the emission intensity and lifetime of the embedded emitters, namely carbon dots and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The bandgaps of the photonic beads are selected according to the emission and excitation peaks of the light emitters, whereby the emission or excitation peak overlaps the blue edge or red edge of the photonic bands, respectively. Significantly stronger emission and extended luminescence lifetime are observed in photonic beads ensemble in comparison to the planar photonic crystals, demonstrating enhanced light trapping owing to the spherical geometry, which introduces additional microcavity effect. Photonic beads represent a perfect hierarchical light manipulation system. Combining both photonic and microcavity resonator effects, photonic beads potentially find applications in light harvesting, sensing, lighting devices, and light‐triggered manipulations.
Optically Pumped Broadband Terahertz Modulator Based on Nanostructured PtSe2 Thin Films
Authors: Jakhar Alka , Kumar Prabhat , Moudgil Akshay , Dhyani Veerendra , Das Samaresh
Published: January 2020

Here, an optically pumped terahertz (THz) modulator based on the novel transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) material platinum diselenide (PtSe2) is demonstrated. The nanostructured PtSe2 thin films are formed by direct selenization of the sputtered platinum film on a high‐resistivity silicon substrate. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy confirm the formation of polycrystalline PtSe2 nanostructures. The transmission measurements reveal the modulation of the THz waves in the wide frequency range of 0.1–1 THz. The modulation depth of 32.7% is achieved under low pumping laser power of 1 W cm−2. The numerical analysis based on the finite difference time domain method is in good agreement with the experimentally obtained results. Further, the simulation results manifest that higher modulation depth can be achieved with the utilization of higher laser power. This work provides a path for the application of TMD materials like PtSe2 in the development of THz tunable devices such as modulators, polarizers, filters.
Machine‐Learning‐Based Image Similarity Analysis for Use in Materials Characterization
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Lei , Ogawa Toshio , Adachi Yoshitaka
Published: January 2020

Materials with similar microstructural features exhibit similar properties, a fact which often provides useful insights for a detailed understanding of the materials. An analysis of material similarity in terms of microstructural images is proposed for predicting some properties of interest. This similarity analysis is inspired by the application of medical image retrieval to guide diagnostic decisions. Some relevant analyzing techniques including machine‐learning algorithms of zero‐normalized cross‐correlation, mutual information, maximum likelihood estimation, principal component analysis, and self‐organizing map are applied in this work. These techniques are systematically employed to identify the variances of the query images based on the metrics of image natural properties (such as brightness which is measured in pixel) or metallurgical features contained in the microstructural images. It is shown that the employed methods exhibit consistent similarity evaluation results. The proposed similarity analysis of microstructural images is expected to provide a new avenue for understanding the materials paradigm.
Seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer rate effect on dryland no‐till hard red spring wheat yield and quality
Authors: Walsh Olga S. , Walsh Willow L.
Published: January 2020

Increasing the efficiency of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is vitally important to Montana growers’ bottom line. In semiarid regions of the Northern Great Plains, agronomic practices must aim at maximum capture and utilization efficiency of plant growth resources. Appropriate plant population and N management are important for optimizing wheat yield and quality by enhancing N uptake and improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Field experiments were conducted in 2014 at two locations in northcentral Montana. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of four N levels (0, 28, 84, and 140 kg N ha−1) in dryland no‐till hard red spring wheat seeded at two seeding rate levels (67 and 135 kg ha−1 pure live seed [PLS]). Nitrogen rate significantly improved wheat grain yield, grain protein content, protein yield, and N uptake at both locations, and NUE at one of two locations. The 135 kg ha−1 did not have an advantage over the 67 kg ha−1 PLS seeding rate, resulting in comparable wheat grain parameters, N uptake, and NUE. Wheat yield and quality was highest at 140 kg N ha−1; higher N rate (especially split‐applied) may have improved wheat production (especially grain protein content) further.
Cardiomyopathy due to PRDM16 mutation: First description of a fetal presentation, with possible modifier genes
Authors: Delplancq Geoffroy , Tarris Georges , Vitobello Antonio , Nambot Sophie , Sorlin Arthur , Philippe Christophe , Carmignac Virginie , Duffourd Yannis , Denis Charlotte , Eicher Jean Christophe , Chevarin Martin , Millat Gilles , Khallouk Bouchra , Rousseau Thierry , Falcon‐Eicher Sylvie , Vasiljevic Alexandre , Harizay Fara T. , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Faivre Laurence , Kuentz Paul
Published: January 2020

PRDM16 (positive regulatory domain 16) is localized in the critical region for cardiomyopathy in patients with deletions of chromosome 1p36, as defined by Gajecka et al., American Journal of Medical Genetics, 2010, 152A, 3074–3083, and encodes a zinc finger transcription factor. We present the first fetal case of left ventricular non‐compaction (LVNC) with a PRDM16 variant. The third‐trimester obstetric ultrasound revealed a hydropic fetus with hydramnios and expanded hypokinetic heart. After termination of pregnancy, foetopathology showed a eutrophic fetus with isolated cardiomegaly. Endocardial fibroelastosis was associated with non‐compaction of the myocardium of the left ventricle. Exome sequencing (ES) identified a de novo unreported p.(Gln353*) heterozygous nonsense variant in PRDM16. ES also identified two rare variants of unknown significance, according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, in the titin gene (TTN): a de novo missense p.(Lys14773Asn) variant and a c.33043+5A>G variant inherited from the mother. Along with the PRDM16 de novo probably pathogenic variant, TTN VOUS variants could possibly contribute to the severity and early onset of the cardiac phenotype. Because of the genetic heterogeneity of cardiomyopathies, large panels or even ES could be considered as the main approaches for the molecular diagnosis, particularly in fetal presentations, where multiple hits seem to be common.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrimidines via Dehydrogenative Functionalization of Alcohols
Authors: Chakraborty Gargi , Sikari Rina , Mondal Rakesh , Mandal Sutanuva , Paul Nanda D.
Published: January 2020

Herein we report a comparative study of nickel‐catalyzed syntheses of pyrimidines via dehydrogenative multi‐component coupling of alcohols and amidines using two different classes of nickel catalysts (1 a/1 b and 2 a/2 b) differing with respect to their mode of action during catalysis. The catalysts 1 a and 1 b are two tetracoordinate Ni(II)‐complexes containing two apparently redox‐inactive tetraaza macrocyclic ligands while the catalysts 2 a and 2 b are square planar Ni(II)‐complexes featuring redox‐active diiminosemiquinonato type scaffolds. Catalyst 1 a and 1 b dehydrogenate alcohols via a two‐electron hydride transfer pathway involving energetically demanding nickel‐centered redox events while in the presence of 2 a and 2 b dehydrogenation of alcohols proceeds via a one‐electron hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) pathway via synergistic participation of metal and ligand centered redox processes avoiding high energy nickel centered redox events. Detailed substrate screening and control experiments were performed to unveil the reaction sequence and understand the advantages/disadvantages of these two pathways.
Potentially lethal cystic fibrosis gene variant in the orangutan
Authors: Taylor‐Cousar Jennifer L. , Evans Taylor A. , Cutting Garry R. , Sharma Neeraj
Published: January 2020

A syndrome of chronic upper and lower airway disease leading to increased morbidity and mortality occurs primarily in captive orangutans. Similarities in symptoms to the inherited human respiratory disease, cystic fibrosis, led us to hypothesize that orangutan respiratory disease is a result of variants in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. We identified the nonsense variant, c.484A>T (p.Lys162X), in heterozygosity in an unaffected orangutan. Analysis of the pedigree of this orangutan confirmed that both his sire and deceased fetus also harbored the c.484A>T allele. An expression minigene harboring c.484A>T produced no full‐length CFTR protein in HEK293 cells. Finally, the c.484A>T CFTR messenger RNA abundance was severely reduced in primary nasal epithelial cells of the orangutan indicating that c.484A>T (p.Lys162X) is potentially lethal. Genetic screening of the captive orangutan population could be used to prevent transmission of this potentially lethal variant, and thus aid in the conservation of this critically endangered species.
Biomedical Applications of Calixarenes: State of the Art and Perspectives
Authors: Pan Yu‐Chen , Hu Xin‐Yue , Guo Dong‐Sheng
Published: January 2020

Calixarenes (CAs), representing the third generation of supramolecular hosts and one of the most widely studied macrocyclic scaffolds, offer (almost) unlimited structure and application possibilities due to their ease of modification, which allows one to establish a large molecular library as a material basis for diverse biomedical applications. Moreover, CAs and their derivatives engage in various noncovalent interactions for the facile recognition of guests including bioactive molecules and are also important building blocks for the fabrication of supramolecular architectures. In view of their molecular recognition and self‐assembly properties, CAs are extensively applied in biosensing, bioimaging, and drug/gene delivery. Additionally, some CA derivatives exhibit biological activities and can therefore be used as new therapeutic agents. Herein, we summarize the diverse biomedical applications of CAs including in vitro diagnosis (biosensing), in vivo diagnosis (bioimaging), and therapy.
Effect of gold nanoparticles synthesized using the aqueous extract ofSatureja hortensisleaf on enhancing the shelf life and removingEscherichia coliO157:H7 andListeria monocytogenesin minced camel's meat: The role of nanotechnology in the food industry
Authors: Gharehyakheh Sepideh , Ahmeda Ahmad , Haddadi Amir , Jamshidi Morteza , Nowrozi Masoumeh , Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Zangeneh Akram
Published: January 2020

Because herbal nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties, researchers have tried to synthesize them to aid in increasing the shelf time of food and food products. In this regard, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized by plants are particularly important. In this study, fresh and clean leaves ofSatureja hortensiswere selected for the synthesis of AuNPs. We also evaluated the efficacy of these nanoparticles to increase the shelf life of and removeEscherichia coliO157:H7 andListeria monocytogenesfrom minced camel's meat. The nanoparticles were analyzed by UV–visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction tests. The FT‐IR spectroscopy results demonstrated that the antioxidant compounds in the plant were the sources of reducing power, reducing gold ions to AuNPs. FE‐SEM and TEM images revealed the size of the nanoparticles to be 22.26 nm. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl test revealed similar antioxidant potentials forS. hortensis, AuNPs, and butylated hydroxytoluene.S. hortensisand AuNPs had high cell viability dose‐dependently against the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line. At the beginning of the food industry part of this experiment, all samples of control,S. hortensis, and AuNPs were preserved at 4°C for 20 days. During these 20 days, the sensory, chemical, and microbiological parameters were assessed for all samples. AuNPs significantly inhibited the growth ofE. coliandL. monocytogenes. In addition, AuNPs significantly increased the protein carbonyl content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, pH, peroxide value, total volatile base nitrogen, and sensory attributes (color, odor, and overall acceptability). The best results were seen in AuNPs (1%). These findings reveal that the inclusion ofS. hortensisextract improves the solubility of AuNPs, which led to a notable enhancement in their preservative and antibacterial effects.
A mechanistic study on the synthesis of branched functional polyethylene through reactive co‐polymer approach
Authors: Jandaghian Mohammad Hossein , Ahmadjo Saeid , Mortzavi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Ahmadi Mostafa
Published: January 2020

The reactive co‐polymer approach is one of the most promising techniques for the synthesis of functional polyolefins. Following this concept, 1‐hexene and p‐methylstyrene are co‐polymerized in the presence of a generic Brookhart‐type catalyst. The microstructures of the co‐polymers imply the tendency of p‐methylstyrene co‐monomers to place at the end of the structural branches formed by the chain walking reaction. The molar masses of the co‐polymers decrease, not only at higher levels of co‐monomer but surprisingly by decreasing reaction temperature. A mechanism consisting of a highly stable η3 metal–benzyl intermediate, which is quantitatively approved by density functional theory calculations, can delicately justify all the aforementioned observations. A series of the produced co‐polymers is selectively functionalized by maleic anhydride at the benzylic position of p‐methylstyrene, under very mild reaction conditions. Such a reactive intermediate opens the path for the introduction of different types of functionalities in polyolefins. Namely, the grafted co‐polymers were further functionalized by a triazole ring, which provides a transient supramolecular network through intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
Novel bioresource‐based poly(3‐Hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐Hydroxybutyrate)/poly(LacticAcid) blend fibers with high strength and toughness via melt‐spinning
Authors: Chen Ziyang , Zhao Zuoxian , Hong Jianhan , Pan Zhijuan
Published: January 2020

Novel biodegradable blend fibers based on the biomaterials poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB4HB) and poly(lacticacid) (PLA) were successfully prepared by combining melt spinning and hot drawing. The results showed that the commixture could continuous and stable spin for a P3HB4HB ratio of 30–35 wt% and winding speed of 20–30 m/min. The thermal stability of the P3HB4HB/PLA blend fiber was increased, as determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The crystallinity degree of the P3HB4HB/PLA blend fibers increased with increasing the P3HB4HB content. The addition of PLA resulted in a low cold crystallization temperature and diminutive size of the lamellar stacks, which would be favorable for the enhancement of the mechanical properties of the blend fiber, when the P3HB4HB content was 30–35 wt%. The P3HB4HB/PLA composite fiber was one type of high‐strength and high‐toughness fiber, with 1 GPa breaking stress and over 80% strain at break. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48956.
Hydrated and anhydrous zinc borate fillers for tuning the flame retardancy of epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Mahajan Dhiraj S. , Deshpande Tushar D. , Bari Mahendra L. , Patil Ujwal D. , Narkhede Jitendra S.
Published: January 2020

In this study, hydrous (Zn3B6O12·3.5H2O) and anhydrous (ZnB2O4) forms of zinc borates were synthesized at 150 and 175°C under moderate pressure conditions (85 and 150 psi, respectively). Synthesized zinc borates were controllably incorporated (1, 5, and 10 wt%) in epoxy resin to prepare their nanocomposites. The flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of these nanocomposites were determined and compared in terms of their flame spread testing, smoke density, limiting oxygen index, and flexural strength. Superior properties in terms of flame retardancy were observed for epoxy composites containing hydrous filler as compared to anhydrous zinc borates. Although flexural strength was observed to be decreased with increasing filler concentration, the marked drop is lower for composites with hydrous zinc borate as compared to the anhydrous one. The variations in flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of composites with both types of fillers are related to their morphological (field emission scanning electron microscopy), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry analysis and explained with condensed phase mechanism.
Ubiquitin Dynamics in Stem Cell Biology: Current Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: de Dieuleveult Maud , Miotto Benoit
Published: January 2020

Ubiquitination plays a central role in the regulation of stem cell self‐renewal, propagation, and differentiation. In this review, the functions of ubiquitin dynamics in a myriad of cellular processes, acting along side the pluripotency network, to regulate embryonic stem cell identity are highlighted. The implication of deubiquitinases (DUBs) and E3 Ubiquitin (Ub) ligases in cellular functions beyond protein degradation is reported, including key functions in the regulation of mRNA stability, protein translation, and intra‐cellular trafficking; and how it affects cell metabolism, the micro‐environment, and chromatin organization is discussed. Finally, unsolved issues in the field are emphasized and will need to be tackled in order to fully understand the contribution of ubiquitin dynamics to stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation.
Phlebotomy resulting in controlled hypovolaemia to prevent blood loss in major hepatic resections (PRICE-1): a pilot randomized clinical trial for feasibility
Authors: Martel G , Baker L , Wherrett C , Fergusson D A , Saidenberg E , Workneh A , Saeed S , Gadbois K , Jee R , McVicar J , Rao P , Thompson C , Wong P , Abou Khalil J , Bertens K A , Balaa F K
Published: January 2020

Background

Major liver resection is associated with blood loss and transfusion. Observational data suggest that hypovolaemic phlebotomy can reduce these risks. This feasibility RCT compared hypovolaemic phlebotomy with the standard of care, to inform a future multicentre trial.

Methods

Patients undergoing major liver resections were enrolled between June 2016 and January 2018. Randomization was done during surgery and the surgeons were blinded to the group allocation. For hypovolaemic phlebotomy, 7–10 ml per kg whole blood was removed, without intravenous fluid replacement. Co-primary outcomes were feasibility and estimated blood loss (EBL).

Results

A total of 62 patients were randomized to hypovolaemic phlebotomy (31) or standard care (31), at a rate of 3·1 patients per month, thus meeting the co-primary feasibility endpoint. The median EBL difference was −111 ml (P = 0·456). Among patients at high risk of transfusion, the median EBL difference was −448 ml (P = 0·069). Secondary feasibility endpoints were met: enrolment, blinding and target phlebotomy (mean(s.d.) 7·6(1·9) ml per kg). Blinded surgeons perceived that parenchymal resection was easier with hypovolaemic phlebotomy than standard care (16 of 31 versus 10 of 31 respectively), and guessed that hypovolaemic phlebotomy was being used with an accuracy of 65 per cent (20 of 31). There was no significant difference in overall complications (10 of 31 versus 15 of 31 patients), major complications or transfusion. Among those at high risk, transfusion was required in two of 15 versus three of nine patients (P = 0·326).

Conclusion

Endpoints were met successfully, but no difference in EBL was found in this feasibility study. A multicentre trial (PRICE-2) powered to identify a difference in perioperative blood transfusion is justified. Registration number: NCT02548910 ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Can environmental governance lower toxic emissions? A panel study of U.S. high‐polluting industries
Authors: Kanashiro Patricia
Published: January 2020

Firms have increasingly adopted environmental governance mechanisms in the form of environmental compensation and environmental board committees. The current study examines the argument that such environmental governance mechanisms contribute to lower toxic emissions in high‐polluting industries. The sample comprises firms that were part of the S&P 500 from the years 2006 to 2011 and were mandated to report toxic emissions to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Toxic Release Inventory program. A panel regression model with propensity score matching was employed to minimize endogeneity bias. The results indicate that environmental compensation is a compelling incentive to motivate managers to invest in long‐term and highly uncertain environmental projects. Likewise, the presence of an environmental board committee appears to be significant, suggesting that directors contribute to a firm's strategy with their expertise and political influence. This research also found evidence supporting the cumulative adoption of both environmental governance mechanisms in enhancing environmental performance and the firm's legitimacy.
Environmental management and the “soft side” of organisations: Discovering the most relevant behavioural factors in green supply chains
Authors: Muduli Kamala kanta , Luthra Sunil , Kumar Mangla Sachin , Jabbour Charbel Jose Chiappetta , Aich Satyabrata , de Guimarães Julio Cesar Ferro
Published: January 2020

Anchored in the resource‐based view theory, the objective of this research is to empirically analyse the behavioural factors affecting the green supply chain management (GCSM) performance in a fast‐growing emerging economy by taking an empirical data set of 101 responses from personnel in the mining sector. Behavioural factors in green supply chains are still a critical challenge—not yet a well‐explored academic subject—when the focus is on the mining industry of emerging economies like India; the lack of studies in this field could be a factor preventing the Indian mining industry becoming more green. In terms of methodology, original survey data were processed through AMOS 4.0, adopted for assessing the causal connection among the six constructs, that is, top management support, teamwork, workplace culture, resistance to change, green innovation, and green motivation. We further explore the input from the human side of GCSM by highlighting that top management support and green motivation are the most crucial behavioural factors that influence GCSM in the Indian mining sector. The study will be helpful for mining companies because it will enable them to identify the areas that require their attention for enhancing GCSM performance related to behavioural aspects.
Procedural injustice, police legitimacy, and officer gender: A vignette‐based test of the invariance thesis
Authors: Brown Katharine L. , Reisig Michael D.
Published: January 2020

Role congruity theory suggests that gender‐based stereotypes can result in female police officers paying a higher price (i.e., viewed as less legitimate) relative to male officers for mistreating people. The invariance thesis posits that the effect of (un)fair treatment by legal authorities on legal attitudes and beliefs is stable across situations, time, and space. This study tested the invariance thesis by assessing whether the effect of procedural injustice on police legitimacy differed across officer gender. A factorial vignette survey that consisted of two types of citizen‐initiated police encounters was administered to a university‐based sample (N = 525). The results showed that the effect of procedural injustice had a powerful and significant influence on participants' legitimacy perceptions. These effects were consistent regardless of whether the treatment was doled out by a male or a female police officer. The findings provide support for the invariance thesis.
Organocatalyzed Solvent Free and Efficient Synthesis of 2,4,5‐Trisubstituted Imidazoles as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Pervaiz Sania , Mutahir Sadaf , Ullah Islam , Ashraf Muhammad , Liu Xiao , Tariq Sidrah , Zhou Bao‐Jing , Khan Muhammad Asim
Published: January 2020

The catalytic potential of pyridine‐2‐carboxlic acid has been evaluated for efficient, green and solvent free synthesis of 2,4,5‐trisubstituted imidazole derivatives 3a–3m. The compounds 3a–3m were synthesized by one pot condensation reaction of substituted aromatic aldehydes, benzil, and ammonium acetate in good to excellent yields (74–96 %). To explore the potential of these compounds against Alzheimer's disease, their inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were evaluated. In this series of compounds, compound 3m, bearing one ethoxy and a hydroxy group on the phenyl ring on 2,4,5‐trisubstituted imidazoles, proved to be a potent AChE inhibitor (102.56±0.14). Structure–activity relationship (SAR) of these compounds was developed. Molecular dockings were carried out for the compounds 3m, 3e, 3k, 3c, 3a, 3d, 3j, and 3f in order to further investigate the binding mechanism. The inhibitor molecule was molecularly docked with acetylcholinesterase to further study its binding mechanism. The amino group of the compound 3m forms an H‐bond with the oxygen atom of the residue (i. e., THR121) which has a bond length of 3.051 Å.
New Tricks for Old Guys: Recent Developments in the Chemistry, Biochemistry, Applications and Exploitation of Selected Species from the Lamiaceae Family
Authors: Napoli Edoardo , Siracusa Laura , Ruberto Giuseppe
Published: January 2020

Lamiaceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants comprising about 250 genera and over 7,000 species. Most of the plants of this family are aromatic and therefore important source of essential oils. Lamiaceae are widely used as culinary herbs and reported as medicinal plants in several folk traditions. In the Mediterranean area oregano, sage, rosemary, thyme and lavender stand out for geographical diffusion and variety of uses. The aim of this review is to provide recent data dealing with the phytochemical and pharmacological studies, and the more recent applications of the essential oils and the non‐volatile phytocomplexes. This literature survey suggests how the deeper understanding of biomolecular processes in the health and food sectors as per as pest control bioremediation of cultural heritage, or interaction with human microbiome, fields, leads to the rediscovery and new potential applications of well‐known plants.
Outcomes and safety of concurrent coronary and peripheral catheterization (REVascularization in concomitant PERIpheral artery disease and coronary artery disease REV‐PERICAD Study)
Authors: Koren Ofir , Abu Rajab Saaida Rasha , Rozner Ehud , Turgeman Yoav
Published: January 2020

Background

Atherosclerosis affects various vascular beds, such as the coronary and carotid arteries and peripheral vessels, of the lower limbs. Current recommendations for treating multiple vascular beds include targeted catheterization at different intervals and are mainly intended to avoid kidney injury. We examined the efficacy and safety of simultaneous coronary and lower limb catheterization.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 121 patients who underwent catheterization between January 2008 and December 2016. Patients were divided into four groups: 20 (16.5%) simultaneously underwent coronary and peripheral vascular bed catheterization; 32 (26%) underwent separate procedures (time interval between procedures >2 months); 50 (41%) underwent staged procedure (time interval ≤2 months); and 19 (16%) underwent only peripheral catheterization (single procedure).

Results

No significant between‐group differences were observed regarding demographic variables except for sex and diabetes and congestive heart failure incidences. Almost half of all the patients who underwent a single procedure were symptomatic. The successful peripheral catheterization rate was significantly higher in the single procedure group, with no significant difference among the other groups. There were no significant between‐group differences with respect to major cardiovascular events, 30‐day mortality, mortality within 1 year, and 24‐hr vascular complication rate/acute renal failure incidences.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of concurrent catheterization of coronary arteries and lower limb arteries, regardless of the time interval between these two procedures. Simultaneous catheterization of different vascular beds is an effective, timesaving, and safe option. Our findings should be verified in a large‐scale prospective study involving additional vascular beds.
Hydroxychloroquine‐induced erythema multiforme
Authors: Koumaki Dimitra , Koumaki Vasiliki , Bertsias George , Boumpoucheropoulos Sotirios , Katoulis Alexander , Stefanidou Maria , Miaris Orestis , Evangelou George , Zografaki Kyriaki , Krueger‐Krasagakis Sabine Elke , Krasagakis Konstantinos
Published: January 2020

Hydroxychloroquine is a commonly used medication and rarely may result in development of erythema multiforme. This potential cutaneous side effect should be highlighted in information given to patients prior to hydroxychloroquine commencement.
Fracture of an epicardial left ventricular lead implanted at open‐heart surgery in anticipation of future need for cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Larsen Jacob Moesgaard , Bashir Jamil , Laksman Zachary William
Published: January 2020

Epicardial left ventricular leads can be implanted at open‐heart surgery for cardiac resynchronization therapy. We report a 2‐year‐old fractured epicardial left ventricular lead detected at generator implant. It highlights the importance of good surgical implant technique and of rigorous lead evaluation for signs of impending failure at generator implant.
Morphology Evolution of Hcp Cobalt Nanoparticles Induced by Ru Promoter
Authors: Liu Lili , Qin Chuan , Yu Mengting , Wang Qiang , Wang Jungang , Hou Bo , Jia Litao , Li Debao
Published: January 2020

The modification of the equilibrium morphology to expose active facets of cobalt nanoparticles is essential for tailoring and controlling its catalytic performance. Periodic density functional theory (DFT) was applied to systematically investigate the structure and stability of exposed facets of hcp Co nanoparticles induced by Ru promoter in order to clarify the facet‐dependent equilibrium morphology of hcp Co nanoparticles stabilized by Ru promoter. The adsorption and migration of Ru atom can give rise to the change of the surface energy of exposed facets, thus affecting the equilibrium morphology of the hcp Co nanoparticles. Selectively exposed the high Miller index facets, such as Co(10‐12), Co(11‐20) and Co(11‐21) surfaces, can be tuned by adding Ru promoter. Our theoretical calculation results show that Co(11‐21) becomes the predominantly exposed facet accompanied with the decrease of exposed Co(10‐10) and Co(10‐11) with the increase of Ru loading. Further experimental studies suggest that the area of selectively exposed the Co(10‐11) surface for uniform Co nanoplates loaded with 3.0 wt % Ru will be reduced, which is in agreement with the theoretical predicted result. This work is helpful to design the desired Co‐based FTS catalysts rationally with well‐controlled surface structure.
Yolk‐Shell‐Structured CuO−ZnO−In2O3 Trimetallic Oxide Mesocrystal Microspheres as an Efficient Catalyst for Trichlorosilane Production
Authors: Li Xin , Ji Yongjun , Li Jing , Zhang Yu , Liu Hezhi , Li Qiongguang , Jia Lihua , Guo Xiangfeng , Zhong Ziyi , Su Fabing
Published: January 2020

Trichlorosilane (TCS), the primary chemical feedstock for production of high‐purity Si used in Si‐based solar cells, is currently manufactured industrially via a non‐catalytic hydrochlorination of metallurgical Si. This process generates a huge amount of undesirable silicon tetrachloride (STC) byproduct. Here we report the synthesis of yolk‐shell‐structured CuO−ZnO−In2O3 trimetallic oxide mesocrystal microspheres that can be employed as an efficient catalyst to produce TCS catalytically. The CuO−ZnO−In2O3 microspheres with multiple hetero‐interfaces were prepared using a facile solvothermal reaction followed by calcination. We found that differing from a single CuO mesocrystal, the electronic density on Cu atoms in the CuO phase within CuO−ZnO and CuO−ZnO−In2O3 can be tuned by varying the composition. When used as a catalyst for Si hydrochlorination reaction to produce TCS, CuO−ZnO−In2O3 shows excellent catalytic performance with very high Si conversion and TCS selectivity. Under the same reaction conditions, the TCS yield increased 13 times relative to the catalyst‐free process. This work demonstrates the possibility to decrease the amount of STC needed for the catalytic manufacture of TCS, and provides an approach to the facile synthesis of multi‐component mesocrystal materials with a specific structure.
Hydrogen Production from Catalytic Steam Reforming of Bio‐Oils: A Critical Review
Authors: Zhao Zhongkai , Situmorang Yohanes A. , An Ping , Chaihad Nichaboon , Wang Jing , Hao Xiaogang , Xu Guangwen , Abudula Abuliti , Guan Guoqing
Published: January 2020

In the future, hydrogen will be an important energy carrier and industrial raw material. Catalytic steam reforming of bio‐oils is a promising and economically viable technology for hydrogen production. However, during the reforming process, the catalysts are rapidly deactivated due to coke formation and sintering. Thus, maintaining the activity and stability of catalysts is the key issue in this process. Optimized operation conditions could extend the catalyst lifetime by affecting the coke morphology or promoting coke gasification. This article summarizes the recent developments in the field of catalytic steam reforming of bio‐oils, focusing on the operation conditions, the properties of the catalysts, and the effects of the catalyst supports. The expected insights into the catalytic steam reforming of bio‐oils will provide further guidance for hydrogen production from bio‐oils.
Studying the Effect of CuCo2S4 Morphology on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction using a Flexible Carbon Cloth Substrate
Authors: Lu Minglong , Cui Xia , Song Bo , Ouyang Hongzhen , Wang Kunliang , Wang Yuqiao
Published: January 2020

The different morphologies of CuCo2S4 have a significant effect on the electrocatalytic activity. However, the reasons for the activity difference of catalysts with multiple morphologies have raised little concern. Herein, we put forward the concept of “active edge perimeter” to evaluate the relative number of active sites. The morphologies are regulated by arranging NH4F from 0 to 3 mmol to prepare microsheet, tight‐binding microsheet, hybrid microsheet/wire, long microwire and short wire morphologies. The long‐perimeter microsheets can achieve a low Tafel slope (89 mV dec−1) and overpotential (283 mV) to reach a current density of 20 mA cm−2 for the oxygen evolution reaction. For microsheets, the charge‐transfer resistance is well under 50 % of the average values. The electrochemical surface area is above average area, owing to the high double‐layer capacitance. Therefore, for two‐dimensional microsheets, the long active perimeter is the main reason it ensures the high activity required for hierarchical catalysts.