bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bushfire‐Induced Water Balance Changes Detected by a Modified Paired Catchment Method
Authors: Xu Zhenwu , Zhang Yongqiang , Zhang Xuanze , Ma Ning , Tian Jing , Kong Dongdong , Post David
Published: October 2022

While bushfires are often regarded as a vital trigger that alters the partitioning of hydrological fluxes, their role in water balance changes remains poorly quantified, especially in regions where the impacts of frequent bushfires and climate variability overlap. Here, we estimated the fire‐induced water balance changes based on a modified paired catchment method that considers the partial effect of annual precipitation differences. In the application for eight forested catchments impacted by the 2009 Victorian Bushfires with multiple burned areas (12%–89%), we found that evapotranspiration declined by 33 ± 20 mm yr−1 (mean ± standard deviation) and streamflow increased by 68 ± 32 mm yr−1 during the post‐fire decade. For the interannual changes within this decade, the decline in evapotranspiration due to fires gradually recovered after the first year since bushfires, while the increase in streamflow mostly peaked in the second or third year and diminished in subsequent years. We surmised that such asynchronous responses of the two fluxes to bushfires occurred with the initial increase and the later decrease in terrestrial water storage. Averaged for the post‐fire decade, there seems to be an overall decline in terrestrial water storage for burned catchments relative to unburned catchments.
Seafloor Reveals a Period of Rapid Retreat for Thwaites Glacier
Authors: Barbuzano Javier
Published: October 2022

New high-resolution seafloor imagery shows a series of delicate ridges produced by the glacier’s front as it bobbed daily with the tides, revealing a recent period of rapid retreat.New high-resolution seafloor imagery shows a series of delicate ridges produced by the glacier’s front as it bobbed daily with the tides, revealing a recent period of rapid retreat.
Interdecadal to Multidecadal Variability of East Asian Summer Monsoon Over the Past Half Millennium
Authors: Shi Feng , Goosse Hugues , Li Jianping , Yin Qiuzhen , Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier , Lian Tao , Sun Cheng , Wang Lin , Wu Zhiwei , Li Juan , Zhao Sen , Xu Chenxi , Liu Wei , Liu Ting , Nakatsuka Takeshi , Guo Zhengtang
Published: October 2022

The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) plays a crucial role for ecosystems and societies in East Asia past, present, and future. However, substantial uncertainties remain regarding EASM variability on interdecadal to multidecadal timescales because of the short length of instrumental data in East Asia. This study extended the EASM circulation index in the modern meteorological studies to the paleoclimate over the past half‐millennium (1470–1998 CE) to reconcile the understanding of the EASM variability in paleoclimate and modern meteorological studies. The EASM index is reconstructed based on the common signal from the three main types of the proxy records (the tree rings, speleothems, and historical documentary data) related to EASM. The reconstructed EASM index captures the simultaneous changes of the “Meiyu precipitation” and the southwesterly anomalies in South China on interdecadal to multidecadal timescales, which is a dynamic pattern visible and well‐documented in the modern meteorology. Analysis of the reconstructed EASM index suggests that the interdecadal to multidecadal EASM variability is closely associated with the Pacific‐Japan teleconnection pattern, which acts as a bridge between the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the western North Pacific. It also indicates that the EASM variability over the recent 30 years (1992–2021 CE) falls within the range of natural variability over the past half‐millennium.
Fingerprints of Frontal Passages and Post‐Depositional Effects in the Stable Water Isotope Signal of Seasonal Alpine Snow
Authors: Aemisegger F. , Trachsel J. , Sadowski Y. , Eichler A. , Lehning M. , Avak S. , Schneebeli M.
Published: October 2022

Stable water isotopes are used as a paleothermometer in ice cores for climate reconstructions over the past millennia. The underlying physical processes involved in the isotope‐temperature relation, however, unfold at much shorter timescales. Here, we study the temporary archival of frontal passages in the seasonal Alpine snow cover. We combine five snow profiles sampled in winter 2017 at the Weissfluhjoch with a quantitative snow layer age reconstruction and atmospheric reanalysis data to characterize the circulation and clouds associated with the precipitation producing synoptic‐scale cold and warm fronts. We find that the vertical cloud structure and the air parcels' net cooling during transport leave a distinct imprint in theδ18O andδD vertical profile in the snow. The near‐surface humidity gradient at the moisture source is reflected in the second order isotope parameter deuterium excess. In the cold season, these environmental conditions during cloud formation and at the moisture source are preserved in the snow. In the melt season, significant post‐depositional effects due to wet snow metamorphism, however, leads to an enrichment in heavy isotopes in the snow and a strong smoothing of the initial atmospheric imprint. These findings show that the isotope signal archived in the dry snow cover is strongly modulated by individual weather systems prior to deposition. Major shifts in the upper‐level jet stream and cyclone tracks likely leading to changes in moisture source regions and conditions, could therefore be detectable in the isotope composition of Alpine ice.
Transplanting neurofibromatosis-1 gene knockout neural stem cells improve functional recovery in rats with spinal cord injury by enhancing the mTORC2 pathway
Authors: Chen Guoliang , Li Xianlong , Zhu Hongzhang , Wu Huachuan , He Dacheng , Shi Liangyu , Wei Fuxin , Liu Xizhe , Chen Ningning , Liu Shaoyu
Published: October 2022

The poor survival and low efficiency of neuronal differentiation limits the therapeutic effects of transplanted neural stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1) is a tumor suppressor gene that restricts the rapid and abnormal growth and differentiation of neural cells. In the present study, lentiviral vectors were used to knock out NF-1, Ricotr (the core member of mTORC2) or NF-1+Ricotr in neural stem cells in vitro, and the NF-1, Ricotr or NF-1+Ricotr knockout neural stem cells were transplanted at the lesion site in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). We first demonstrated that targeted knockout of NF-1 had an antiapoptotic effect and improved neuronal differentiation by enhancing the mTORC2/Rictor pathway of neural stem cells in vitro. Subsequently, transplanting NF-1 knockout neural stem cells into the injured site sufficiently promoted the tissue repair and functional recovery of rats with spinal cord injury by enhancing the survival and neuronal differentiation of grafted neural stem cells. Collectively, these findings reveal a prominent role of NF-1 in neural stem cell biology, which is an invaluable step forward in enhancing the benefit of neural stem cell-mediated regenerative cell therapy for spinal cord injury and identifies the transplantation of NF-1 knockout neural stem cells as a promising strategy for spinal cord injury.
DDX41 coordinates RNA splicing and transcriptional elongation to prevent DNA replication stress in hematopoietic cells
Authors: Shinriki Satoru , Hirayama Mayumi , Nagamachi Akiko , Yokoyama Akihiko , Kawamura Takeshi , Kanai Akinori , Kawai Hidehiko , Iwakiri Junichi , Liu Rin , Maeshiro Manabu , Tungalag Saruul , Tasaki Masayoshi , Ueda Mitsuharu , Tomizawa Kazuhito , Kataoka Naoyuki , Ideue Takashi , Suzuki Yutaka , Asai Kiyoshi , Tani Tokio , Inaba Toshiya , Matsui Hirotaka
Published: October 2022

Myeloid malignancies withDDX41mutations are often associated with bone marrow failure and cytopenia before overt disease manifestation. However, the mechanisms underlying these specific conditions remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that loss of DDX41 function impairs efficient RNA splicing, resulting in DNA replication stress with excess R-loop formation. Mechanistically, DDX41 binds to the 5′ splice site (5′SS) of coding RNA and coordinates RNA splicing and transcriptional elongation; loss of DDX41 prevents splicing-coupled transient pausing of RNA polymerase II at 5ʹSS, causing aberrant R-loop formation and transcription-replication collisions. Although the degree of DNA replication stress acquired in S phase is small, cells undergo mitosis with under-replicated DNA being remained, resulting in micronuclei formation and significant DNA damage, thus leading to impaired cell proliferation and genomic instability. These processes may be responsible for disease phenotypes associated withDDX41mutations.
AKT-mTORC1 reactivation is the dominant resistance driver for PI3Kβ/AKT inhibitors in PTEN-null breast cancer and can be overcome by combining with Mcl-1 inhibitors
Authors: Dunn Shanade , Eberlein Cath , Yu Jason , Gris-Oliver Albert , Ong Swee Hoe , Yelland Urs , Cureton Natalie , Staniszewska Anna , McEwen Robert , Fox Millie , Pilling James , Hopcroft Philip , Coker Elizabeth A. , Jaaks Patricia , Garnett Mathew J. , Isherwood Beverley , Serra Violeta , Davies Barry R. , Barry Simon T. , Lynch James T. , Yusa Kosuke
Published: October 2022

The PI3K pathway is commonly activated in breast cancer, with PI3K-AKT pathway inhibitors used clinically. However, mechanisms that limit or enhance the therapeutic effects of PI3K-AKT inhibitors are poorly understood at a genome-wide level. Parallel CRISPR screens in 3 PTEN-null breast cancer cell lines identified genes mediating resistance to capivasertib (AKT inhibitor) and AZD8186 (PI3Kβ inhibitor). The dominant mechanism causing resistance is reactivated PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling, but not other canonical signalling pathways. Deletion of TSC1/2 conferred resistance to PI3Kβi and AKTi through mTORC1. However, deletion of PIK3R2 and INPPL1 drove specific PI3Kβi resistance through AKT. Conversely deletion of PIK3CA, ERBB2, ERBB3 increased PI3Kβi sensitivity while modulation of RRAGC, LAMTOR1, LAMTOR4 increased AKTi sensitivity. Significantly, we found that Mcl-1 loss enhanced response through rapid apoptosis induction with AKTi and PI3Kβi in both sensitive and drug resistant TSC1/2 null cells. The combination effect was BAK but not BAX dependent. The Mcl-1i + PI3Kβ/AKTi combination was effective across a panel of breast cancer cell lines with PIK3CA and PTEN mutations, and delivered increased anti-tumor benefit in vivo. This study demonstrates that different resistance drivers to PI3Kβi and AKTi converge to reactivate PI3K-AKT or mTOR signalling and combined inhibition of Mcl-1 and PI3K-AKT has potential as a treatment strategy for PI3Kβi/AKTi sensitive and resistant breast tumours.
Cumulative muscle mass and blood pressure but not fat mass drives arterial stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness progression in the young population and is unrelated to vascular organ damage
Authors: Agbaje Andrew O. , Barker Alan R. , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka
Published: October 2022

We examined the longitudinal associations of fat mass, lean mass, and blood pressure (BP) from childhood through young adulthood with changes in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). We included 3863 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort. Fat mass and lean mass, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and BP were measured at ages 9, 17 and 24 years and classified into low, moderate, and high tertiles. cfPWV and cIMT were measured at 17 and 24 years of age. Associations were examined via linear mixed effect models and adjusted for cardiometabolic and lifestyle factors. Among 1720 [44.5%] male and 2143 [55.5%] female participants, cumulative high exposures to lean mass (effect estimate 0.006 m/s [95% CI 0.001 to 0.010; p = 0.022]), systolic BP (0.013 m/s [0.009 to 0.017; p < 0.0001]) and diastolic BP (0.023 m/s [0.019 to 0.027; p < 0.0001]) from 9–24 years of age were positively associated with the 7-year increase in cfPWV. Persistent high exposures to lean mass (0.012 mm; [0.008 to 0.016; p < 0.0001]), body mass index (0.007 mm [0.003 to 0.011; p = 0.001]), and systolic BP (0.010 mm; [0.006 to 0.014; p < 0.0001]) from ages 9–24 years were positively associated with thicker cIMT at 17–24 years of age. Total fat and trunk fat mass from childhood had no association with cfPWV or cIMT progression. In conclusion, increased lean mass and BP but not fat mass from childhood drives arterial remodeling in young adulthood.
Alignment of single-cell trajectory trees with CAPITAL
Authors: Sugihara Reiichi , Kato Yuki , Mori Tomoya , Kawahara Yukio
Published: October 2022

Global alignment of complex pseudotime trajectories between different single-cell RNA-seq datasets is challenging, as existing tools mainly focus on linear alignment of single-cell trajectories. Here we present CAPITAL (comparative analysis of pseudotime trajectory inference with tree alignment), a method for comparing single-cell trajectories with tree alignment whereby branching trajectories can be automatically compared. Computational tests on synthetic datasets and authentic bone marrow cells datasets indicate that CAPITAL has achieved accurate and robust alignments of trajectory trees, revealing various gene expression dynamics including gene–gene correlation conservation between different species.
TLCD1 and TLCD2 regulate cellular phosphatidylethanolamine composition and promote the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Petkevicius Kasparas , Palmgren Henrik , Glover Matthew S. , Ahnmark Andrea , Andréasson Anne-Christine , Madeyski-Bengtson Katja , Kawana Hiroki , Allman Erik L. , Kaper Delaney , Uhrbom Martin , Andersson Liselotte , Aasehaug Leif , Forsström Johan , Wallin Simonetta , Ahlstedt Ingela , Leke Renata , Karlsson Daniel , González-King Hernán , Löfgren Lars , Nilsson Ralf , Pellegrini Giovanni , Kono Nozomu , Aoki Junken , Hess Sonja , Sienski Grzegorz , Pilon Marc , Bohlooly-Y Mohammad , Maresca Marcello , Peng Xiao-Rong
Published: October 2022

The fatty acid composition of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) determines cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, our understanding of how cells regulate PE composition is limited. Here, we identify a genetic locus on mouse chromosome 11, containing two poorly characterized genes Tlcd1 and Tlcd2, that strongly influences PE composition. We generated Tlcd1/2 double-knockout (DKO) mice and found that they have reduced levels of hepatic monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-containing PE species. Mechanistically, TLCD1/2 proteins act cell intrinsically to promote the incorporation of MUFAs into PEs. Furthermore, TLCD1/2 interact with the mitochondria in an evolutionarily conserved manner and regulate mitochondrial PE composition. Lastly, we demonstrate the biological relevance of our findings in dietary models of metabolic disease, where Tlcd1/2 DKO mice display attenuated development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis compared to controls. Overall, we identify TLCD1/2 proteins as key regulators of cellular PE composition, with our findings having broad implications in understanding and treating disease.
Introducing the FAIR Principles for research software
Authors: Barker Michelle , Chue Hong Neil P. , Katz Daniel S. , Lamprecht Anna-Lena , Martinez-Ortiz Carlos , Psomopoulos Fotis , Harrow Jennifer , Castro Leyla Jael , Gruenpeter Morane , Martinez Paula Andrea , Honeyman Tom
Published: October 2022

Research software is a fundamental and vital part of research, yet significant challenges to discoverability, productivity, quality, reproducibility, and sustainability exist. Improving the practice of scholarship is a common goal of the open science, open source, and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) communities and research software is now being understood as a type of digital object to which FAIR should be applied. This emergence reflects a maturation of the research community to better understand the crucial role of FAIR research software in maximising research value. The FAIR for Research Software (FAIR4RS) Working Group has adapted the FAIR Guiding Principles to create the FAIR Principles for Research Software (FAIR4RS Principles). The contents and context of the FAIR4RS Principles are summarised here to provide the basis for discussion of their adoption. Examples of implementation by organisations are provided to share information on how to maximise the value of research outputs, and to encourage others to amplify the importance and impact of this work.
OSeMOSYS Global, an open-source, open data global electricity system model generator
Authors: Barnes Trevor , Shivakumar Abhishek , Brinkerink Maarten , Niet Taco
Published: October 2022

This paper describes OSeMOSYS Global, an open-source, open-data model generator for creating global electricity system models for an active global modelling community. This version of the model generator is freely available and can be used to create interconnected electricity system models for both the entire globe and for any geographically diverse subset of the globe. Compared to other existing global models, OSeMOSYS Global allows for full user flexibility in determining the time slice structure and geographic scope of the model and datasets, and is built using the widely used fully open-source OSeMOSYS energy system model. This paper describes the data sources, structure and use of OSeMOSYS Global, and provides illustrative workflow results.
Brain oscillatory activity in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Formaggio Emanuela , Bertuccelli Margherita , Rubega Maria , Di Marco Roberto , Cantele Francesca , Gottardello Federica , De Giuseppe Michela , Masiero Stefano
Published: October 2022

Pathophysiology of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is not yet completely understood. This exploratory study aims to investigate two aspects neglected in clinical practice: a defective postural central nervous system control in AIS, and alterations of body schema due to scoliosis spinal deformities. We recorded EEG data and balance data in four different standing positions in 14 adolescents with AIS and in 14 controls. A re-adaptation of the Image Marking Procedure (IMP) assessed body schema alterations on the horizontal (Body Perception Indices (BPIs)) and vertical direction (interacromial and bisiliac axes inclinations). Our results revealed no differences in balance control between groups; higher EEG alpha relative power over sensorimotor areas ipsilateral to the side of the curve and a significant increase of theta relative power localized over the central areas in adolescents with AIS. The difference in BPI shoulder and BPI waist significantly differed between the two groups. The inclinations of the perceived interacromial axes in adolescents with AIS was opposite to the real inclination. Increased theta activity and alpha lateralization observed may be a compensatory strategy to overcome sensorimotor dysfunction mirrored by altered body schema. Scoliosis onset might be preceded by sensorimotor control impairments that last during curve progression.
Pore types, genesis, and evolution model of lacustrine oil-prone shale: a case study of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin, NE China
Authors: He Wenyuan , Liu Bo , Sun Mengdi , Wang Liu , Zhang Jinyou , Yasin Qamar , Tian Shansi , Gao Shuo , Ukaomah Chima Finnian
Published: October 2022

A comprehensive characterisation of the pore structure in shale oil reservoirs is essential for forecasting oil production and exploration risks. This study forecasted these risks in the oil-rich Songliao Basin using combination of high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy and quantitative X-ray diffraction to analyze the pore genesis and evolution mode within the first member of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1). The results showed the dominance of inorganic pores over organic pores, wherein diagenetic processes, such as compaction, pressure solution, and cementation, were responsible for the destruction of pore structure in the formation. Notably, the pores formed by dissolution and shrinkage cracks resulting from clay mineral transformation improved the oil storage space. Furthermore, according to the geochemical data and clay composition, the K2qn1 shale is in the middle diagenetic stage A, which can be further subdivided into A1 and A2 stages from top to bottom. The porosity slowly decreased in both sub-stages A1 and A2, wherein the decrease was stable in the latter. The diagenetic observations in this study are significant for the exploration of unconventional shale oil in petroliferous basins worldwide.
Canopy arthropod declines along a gradient of olive farming intensification
Authors: Vasconcelos Sasha , Pina Sílvia , Herrera José M. , Silva Bruno , Sousa Pedro , Porto Miguel , Melguizo-Ruiz Nereida , Jiménez-Navarro Gerardo , Ferreira Sónia , Moreira Francisco , Heleno Ruben , Jonsson Mattias , Beja Pedro
Published: October 2022

Arthropod declines have been linked to agricultural intensification. However, information about the impacts of intensification is still limited for many crops, as is our understanding of the responses of different arthropod taxa and trophic groups, thus hindering the development of effective mitigation measures. We investigated the impacts of olive farming intensification on canopy-dwelling arthropods in the Mediterranean region. Intensification involves the increased use of agrochemicals, mechanisation and irrigation, but also structural changes from traditional orchards with low densities of large and old trees, to intensive and superintensive orchards with high to very high densities of smaller and younger trees, respectively. Canopy arthropods were vacuum-sampled at 53 sites representing the three orchard intensification levels, in spring, summer and autumn 2017. We evaluated how the arthropod community varied across intensification levels, and in response to orchard structure, management and landscape context. We found no changes in the diversity of arthropod taxa across intensification levels after correcting for sample coverage, but arthropod abundance declined markedly along the intensification gradient. Decreased abundance was associated with changes in orchard structure, lower herbaceous cover, and higher herbicide and insecticide use. The abundance of a specialized olive pest was lower in landscapes with higher woodland cover. The negative effects of intensification were stronger in spring and summer than in autumn, and parasitoids and predators were particularly affected. Overall, results suggest that retaining herbaceous cover, reducing agrochemical inputs and preserving natural woody elements in the landscape, may contribute to mitigate impacts of olive farming intensification on canopy arthropods, particularly on beneficial species.
Overcoming the non-kinetic activity of EGFR1 using multi-functionalized mesoporous silica nanocarrier for in vitro delivery of siRNA
Authors: Parnian Javad , Ma’mani Leila , Bakhtiari Mohamad Reza , Safavi Maliheh
Published: October 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not respond to HER2-targeted and hormone-based medicines. Epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR1) is commonly overexpressed in up to 70% of TNBC cases, so targeting cancer cells via this receptor could emerge as a favored modality for TNBC therapy due to its target specificity. The development of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as carriers for siRNAs remains a rapidly growing area of research. For this purpose, a multi-functionalized KIT-6 containing the guanidinium ionic liquid (GuIL), PEI and PEGylated folic acid (FA-PEG) was designed. Accordingly, KIT-6 was fabricated and modified with FA-PEG and PEI polymers attached on the surface and the GuIL placed in the mesopores. Subsequent to confirming the structure of this multi-functionalized KIT-6- based nanocarrier using TEM, SEM, AFM, BET, BJH, DLS and Zeta Potential, it was investigated for uploading and transferring the anti-EGFR1 siRNAs to the MD-MBA-231 cell line. The rate of cellular uptake, cellular localization and endolysosomal escape was evaluated based on the fluorescent intensity of FAM-labelled siRNA using flowcytometry analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The 64% cellular uptake after 4 h incubation, clearly suggested the successful delivery of siRNA into the cells and, CLSM demonstrated that siRNA@[FA-PEGylated/PEI@GuIL@KIT-6] may escape endosomal entrapment after 6 h incubation. Using qPCR, quantitative evaluation of EGFR1 gene expression, a knockdown of 82% was found, which resulted in a functional change in the expression of EGFR1 targets. Co-treatment of chemotherapy drug “carboplatin” in combination with siRNA@[FA-PEGylated/PEI@GuIL@KIT-6] exhibited a remarkable cytotoxic effect in comparison to carboplatin alone.
A comparison of the ClotPro system with rotational thromboelastometry in cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study
Authors: Yoshii Ryogo , Sawa Teiji , Kawajiri Hidetake , Amaya Fumimasa , Tanaka Kenichi A. , Ogawa Satoru
Published: October 2022

Viscoelastic coagulation tests have been increasingly used for hemostasis management in cardiac surgery. The ClotPro system is a novel viscoelastic device based on principles of rotational thromboelastometry. We aimed to compare ClotPro with ROTEM and plasma coagulation assays in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients. Blood samples were collected from 25 CPB patients at (1) baseline, (2) start of CPB, (3) end of CPB, and (4) end of surgery. The EX-test, IN-test, HI-test, FIB-test parameters on ClotPro were compared with corresponding ROTEM assay (EXTEM, INTEM, HEPTEM, and FIBTEM). Standard plasma coagulation assays and endogenous thrombin generation (TG) were simultaneously evaluated. Pearson correlation analyses showed moderate correlations between clotting times (CTs) (r = 0.63–0.67; p < 0.001, respectively), and strong correlations with maximal clot firmness (MCF) (r = 0.93–0.98; p < 0.001, respectively) between ClotPro and ROTEM. EX-test and IN-test MCF parameters were interchangeable with acceptable percentage errors (EX-test MCF: 7.3%, IN-test MCF: 8.3%), but FIB-test MCF (27.0%) and CT results were not (EX-test CT: 44.7%, IN-test CT: 31.4%). The correlations of PT/INR or peak TG with EX-test CTs were higher than with EXTEM CTs (PT/INR: r = 0.80 and 0.41, peak TG: 0.43 and 0.18, respectively). FIB-test MCF has strong correlation with plasma fibrinogen and factor XIII level (r = 0.84 and 0.66, respectively). ROC analyses showed that ClotPro was capable of emulating well-established ROTEM thresholds (area under curves: 0.83–1.00). ClotPro demonstrated strong correlations in MCF parameters of ROTEM in CPB patients. It may be reasonable to modify ROTEM-based transfusion algorithm pertaining to MCF parameters to establish cut-off values for ClotPro device.
A meta-analysis of the relationship between bullying and non-suicidal self-injury among children and adolescents
Authors: Huang Haitao , Ding Yueming , Wan Xiao , Liang Yipei , Zhang Yiming , Lu Guangli , Chen Chaoran
Published: October 2022

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has attracted increasing attention due to its high detection rate, high risk and high repeatability. There is a need for the early identification of preventable occurrence factors, which is necessary to facilitate screening and intervention, especially to facilitate the early detection of high-risk individuals. This research aims to investigate the relationship between bullying behaviour and non-suicidal self-injury among children and adolescents by means of meta-analysis. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, CKNI and WAN FANG databases were searched from inception to 14 December 2021 for studies that explored the relationship between bullying behaviour and NSSI among children and adolescents. A total of 29 articles met the inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis, and 54 independent effect sizes were obtained, including 53,501 subjects. Victims [OR 2.46 (95% CI 2.14–2.83);p < 0.001], bullies [OR 2.12 (95% CI 1.37–3.27);p < 0.001], and bully-victims [OR: 2.98 (95% CI 1.85–4.82);p < 0.001] were more likely to have NSSI than uninvolved children or adolescents. In addition, analyses showed the absence of publication bias. In the victim group, the older the age was, the lower the risk of NSSI (z = − 3.74,p = 0.00). Gender does not play a moderating effect on the association between bullying behaviour and non-suicidal self-injury. The relationship between involvement in bullying and NSSI was demonstrated. By taking measures to prevent bullying, the incidence of NSSI in children and adolescents can be potentially reduced.
Assessment of solar e-cookers social acceptance in Gaza Strip
Authors: El-Khozenadar Hala J. , Khatib Tamer , Attaee Besan , El-Khozondar Rifa J.
Published: October 2022

This study aims to assess the social acceptance of using solar energy based cooking appliances in Gaza Strip. A study sample that consists of 2400 employees from three local universities in Gaza strip is targeted in study. Meanwhile, 347 participations have participated in the study. This gives the conclusions of the study a margin of error of 5% and a confidence level of 95%. Different attributes are used to measure the social acceptance of the respondents of solar energy cooking systems including knowledge of using solar cooking appliances, financial situation, educational level, age, career and gender. According to the results, 94.55% of the participants believe that the best usage of solar energy is for lighting. Meanwhile, only 37.7% of the participants have supported the usage of solar energy for cooking. It is also concluded that there are no statistical significant differences in using solar energy for cooking associated with gender and job status. Meanwhile, it is found that there is statistical significance of using solar energy for cooking associated with education and age. This shows a clear behavioral barrier for the usage of solar energy cooking systems in Gaza Strip. According to this research it is concluded that end-users with middle income put quality of life first before the technology cost (affordable costs). This conclusion is regardless the educational level of the respondents. Moreover, it is found that Funding schemes and loans are key issues in spreading the e-cooking. Finally it is concluded that noticed support of using solar energy in Gaza according to this research is directly associated with energy poverty status in Gaza. Meanwhile, the idea of using green alternative energy is very acceptable in Gaza but there is a clear lack of awareness of technologies aspects and characteristics.
Origin of contact polarity at metal-2D transition metal dichalcogenide interfaces
Authors: Noori Keian , Xuan Fengyuan , Quek Su Ying
Published: October 2022

Using state-of-the-art ab initio GW many-body perturbation theory calculations, we show that monolayer MoS2 on Au is a p-type contact, in contrast to the vast majority of theoretical predictions using density functional theory. The predominantly n-type behaviour observed experimentally for MoS2/Au junctions can be attributed to the presence of sulfur vacancies, which pin the Fermi level. GW calculations on WSe2/Au junctions likewise predict p-type contacts for pristine WSe2 and n-type contacts for junctions with selenium vacancies. Experimentally, WSe2/metal junctions are predominantly p-type or ambipolar, with p-type junctions being observed for selenium-deficient WSe2, suggesting that selenium vacancies are not effective in pinning the Fermi level for WSe2/metal junctions. We rationalize these apparently contradictory results by noting that selenium vacancies in WSe2 are readily passivated by oxygen atoms. Taken together, our state-of-the-art calculations clearly elucidate the relation between contact polarity and atomic structure. We show that non-local exchange and correlation effects are critical for determining the energy level alignment and even the contact polarity (in the case of MoS2 on Au). We further reconcile a large body of experimental literature on TMDC/metal contact polarities by consideration of the defect chemistry.
Design of an open-shell nitrogen-centered diradicaloid with tunable stimuli-responsive electronic properties
Authors: Huang Bin , Kang Hao , Zhang Chang-Wei , Zhao Xiao-Li , Shi Xueliang , Yang Hai-Bo
Published: October 2022

Organic diradicaloids usually display an open-shell singlet ground state with significant singlet diradical character (y0) which endow them with intriguing physiochemical properties and wide applications. In this study, we present the design of an open-shell nitrogen-centered diradicaloid which can reversibly respond to multiple stimuli and display the tunable diradical character and chemo-physical properties. 1a was successfully synthesized through a simple and high-yielding two-step synthetic strategy. Both experimental and calculated results indicated that 1a displayed an open-shell singlet ground state with small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES−T = −2.311 kcal mol−1) and a modest diradical character (y0 = 0.60). Interestingly, 1a was demonstrated to undergo reversible Lewis acid-base reaction to form acid-base adducts, which was proven to effectively tune the ground-state electronic structures of 1a as well as its diradical character and spin density distributions. Based on this, we succeeded in devising a photoresponsive system based on 1a and a commercially available photoacid merocyanine (MEH). We believe that our studies including the molecular design methodology and the stimuli-responsive organic diradicaloid system will open up a new way to develop organic diradicaloids with tunable properties and even intelligent-responsive diradicaloid-based materials.
Long-term life history predicts current gut microbiome in a population-based cohort study
Authors: Si Jiyeon , Vázquez-Castellanos Jorge F. , Gregory Ann C. , Decommer Lindsey , Rymenans Leen , Proost Sebastian , Centelles Lodeiro Javier , Weger Martin , Notdurfter Marlene , Leitner Christoph , Santer Peter , Rungger Gregorio , Willeit Johann , Willeit Peter , Pechlaner Raimund , Grabherr Felix , Kiechl Stefan , Tilg Herbert , Raes Jeroen
Published: October 2022

Extensive scientific and clinical microbiome studies have explored contemporary variation and dynamics of the gut microbiome in human health and disease1–3, yet the role of long-term life history effects has been underinvestigated. Here, we analyzed the current, quantitative microbiome composition in the older adult Bruneck Study cohort (Italians, Bruneck,n = 304 (male, 154; female, 150); age 65–98 years) with extensive clinical, demographic, lifestyle and nutritional data collected over the past 26 years4. Multivariate analysis of historical variables indicated that medication history, historical physical activity, past dietary habits and specific past laboratory blood parameters explain a significant fraction of current quantitative microbiome variation in older adults, enlarging the explanatory power of contemporary covariates by 33.4%. Prediction of current enterotype by a combination of past and contemporary host variables revealed good levels of predictability (area under the curve (AUC), 0.78–0.83), withPrevotellaand dysbioticBacteroides2 being the best predicted enterotypes. These findings demonstrate long-term life history effects on the microbiota and provide insights into lifestyle variables and their role in maintaining a healthy gut microbiota in later life.
Polysaccharide-based Biomaterials: Overview
Authors: Tekale Sunil U. , Kanagare Anant B. , Dhirbassi Anand V. , Domb Abraham J. , Pawar Rajendra P.
Published: October 2022

Polysaccharides are an important class of biopolymers with good biocompatibility, easy accessibility, easy biological recognition, and templates for structural modifications. Polysaccharides derived from natural sources have antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory potential, and they possess excellent biocompatibility. They have been, thus, widely explored as effective biomaterials in biomedical applications. Engineered carbohydrate-based biomaterials constitute an alternative as regenerative medicines and drug delivery systems. Among these, polysaccharides including chitosan, dextran, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, and other plant/animal-derived polysaccharides are the popular sources of biopolymers useful in the form of composites, films, sheets, hydrogels, composites, and fibers in drug delivery systems, wound healing, and tissue engineering applications. The present chapter provides an overview and insights into recent developments in polysaccharide-based biomaterials for biomedical applications.
Dextran in the Delivery of Therapeutics: Chronicle of the Journey from Preclinical to Clinical Trials
Authors: Joshi Isha , Shubhra  , Mourya Atul , Pandey Murali Monohar , Kulkarni Onkar Prakash , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Khatri Dharmendra Kumar , Singh Shashi Bala , Madan Jitender
Published: October 2022

Novel drug delivery systems are the need of the hour due to the ineffectiveness of conventional dosage forms in conforming to a desirable profile in terms of site-specificity and drug release. Dextran serves as one of the most viable macromolecular carrier candidates for targeted drug delivery strategies owing to its excellent physicochemical chattels, allowing it to be endowed with various layers of specificity for enhancing its targeting potential. Dextran, a branched poly-α-d-glucoside, is a non-toxic, complex, biodegradable, and non-immunogenic polysaccharide. Interestingly, dextran carriers have a notable role in ameliorating the health of patients suffering from numerous chronic diseases, as the conventional delivery systems yield rapid clearance of drugs from the body resulting in momentary relief. This chapter is a sincere attempt at reviewing the versatile properties of dextran-based nano-carrier platforms and their application in drug delivery, with special emphasis on its preclinical and clinical studies.
Guar Gum-based Biomaterials in the Delivery of Therapeutics
Authors: Mishra Sumit , Kumari Nisha , Mahto Arti
Published: October 2022

Guar gum is unique in terms of its structure and properties which have increased its popularity for various therapeutic applications. The present discussion focuses on the development and usage of guar gum-based biomaterials and their therapeutic applications. These are used in forms like hydrogels, matrix tablets, microspheres, capsules, excipients, film coatings, oral films, etc. They can be programmed to work at different levels like the particulate level, colloidal level, and molecular level blends and recently as nanoparticles for the delivery of different therapeutics in targeted regions for the applications of delivery of anticancer drugs, tuberculosis, colon-targeted drugs, excellent self-healing hydrogels, etc. Therefore, guar gum-based biomaterials can be regarded as one of the best materials for controlled release drug delivery systems and are expected to have huge potential in the near future.
Gellan Gum-based Drug Delivery Carriers
Authors: Nandi Gouranga
Published: October 2022

Gellan gum is a bacterial exopolysaccharide which has been widely used in pharmaceutical, biomedical, food, and other related industries due to its different unique physicochemical and biological properties. Easy production, low-cost, chemical inertness, physiological compatibility, and biodegradability make this biopolysaccharide popular to drug-delivery and biomedical researchers. It also offers an organic solvent-free environment-friendly green manufacturing process for various drug delivery dosage forms. This chapter presents the sources, production, chemistry, and various physicochemical properties of gellan gum. Various reported chemical medications, gellan gum derivatives and gellan gum-based drug delivery systems have been discussed in the following sections.
Xanthan Gum in Drug Carriers
Authors: Rimpy  , Rashmi  , Ahuja Munish
Published: October 2022

This chapter provides a brief overview about the history, production, chemical composition, physico-chemical properties, and formulations of xanthan gum. The modification of xanthan exopolysaccharide to improve its functionality is well explained in detail. The extensive use of xanthan gum and its derivatives in designing formulations such as nanoparticles, microparticles, tablets, hydrogels, and complex matrix are also summarized with their drug delivery applications.
Starch-based Drug Delivery System: A Review on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Nallasamy Prakashkumar , Natarajan Suganthy
Published: October 2022

Biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) have received significant interest in recent years as suitable carriers of or site specific delivery of therapeutics to overcome communicable and non-communicable injury-based disorders. Carbohydrate-based natural polymers have gained much attention as drug delivery systems (DDSs) due to their eco-friendly nature, cost effectiveness, enhanced biocompatibility, superior encapsulation, and convenient release of drugs. Among the natural polymers, starch as the most abundant renewable polymer is widely considered as a promising candidate for drug delivery and biomedical applications as binder, filler, and disintegrant due to its superior loading efficiency (via certain immobilization strategies) and controlled release of the drugs, therapeutics, enzymes, ayurvedic compounds, and other kinds of bioactive compounds to the targeted site. Functionalization and surface modification of starch by physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods improves the pharmaceutical application of starch as DDS, implants, stent, transdermal and opthalmic systems. This chapter integrates the fabrication, processing, and characterization of starch nanoparticles as micro- and nano-based DDSs and its application in the treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious disorders. The content, figures, and tables of this review consolidate the various approaches and their mechanism involved in the fabrication of starch-based DDS in order to achieve the pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
In situ generation of Ni/Fe hydroxide layers by anodic etching of a Ni/Fe film for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Ling , Wu Jing , Huang Lieyuan , Lan Gaoli , Wang Naxiang , Zhang Hui , Chen Xin , Ge Xingbo
Published: October 2022

A Ni/Fe hydroxide electrocatalyst was fabricated via a simple and easily controlled method by combining anodic fluoridation and cyclic voltammetry (CV) treatment as an efficient catalyst for the OER.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to obtain quantitative three-dimensional hydrogen mapping in a nickel–metal-hydride battery cathode for interpreting its reaction distribution
Authors: Imashuku Susumu , Kamimura Takumi , Ichitsubo Tetsu , Wagatsuma Kazuaki
Published: October 2022

A three-dimensional quantitative hydrogen distribution and state-of-charge distribution in a Ni–MH battery cathode can be acquired using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.
A headspace collection chamber for whole body volatilomics
Authors: Rankin-Turner Stephanie , McMeniman Conor J.
Published: October 2022

The human body secretes a complex blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)viathe skin, breath and bodily fluids. In this study, we have developed a headspace collection chamber for whole body volatilome profiling.
Detection of carcinoembryonic antigens using a wavy gold–silver alloy nanoplate enhanced surface plasmon resonance imaging biosensor
Authors: Wu Jiangling , Zhang Qiongyuan , Kang Lina , Wu Xiaotian , Li Daikun , Wang Yi , Huang Yu , Xue Jianjiang
Published: October 2022

Wavy gold–silver alloy nanoplates are signal enhancers in this surface plasmon resonance imaging measurement for the detection of CEA.
Heat-treated copper phthalocyanine on carbon toward electrochemical CO2 conversion into ethylene boosted by oxygen reduction
Authors: Li Mengyao , Li Tiantian , Wang Renquan , Sun Chongyun , Zhang Na , Gao Rui , Song Yujiang
Published: October 2022

Heat-treated copper phthalocyanine on carbon demonstrates high C2H4 selectivity at a low potential due to the in situ generated OH−.
Stimuli-responsive polymers for interface engineering toward enhanced electrochemical analysis of neurochemicals
Authors: Ding Shushu , Shi Guoyue , Zhu Anwei
Published: October 2022

Neurochemical monitoring can provide important insights into the chemical communications in the brain and neurological diseases.
Spatially confined magnesiothermic reduction induced uniform mesoporous hollow silicon carbide nanospheres for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Hou Jianhua , Fang Liang , Wang Xiaozhi , Gao Hong , Wang Guoxiu
Published: October 2022

Well-dispersed mesoporous hollow SiC nanospheres (∼95 nm in diameter) were fabricated via in situ magnesiothermic reduction. The unique construction enables a high-rate capacitance (τ0 of only 0.34 s) and long cycle stability for supercapacitors.
Detection of monoamine oxidase B using dark-field light scattering imaging and colorimetry
Authors: Zhang Duoduo , Jiang Nan , Li Peng , Zhang Yusheng , Sun Shihao , Mao Jian , Liu Songqin , Wei Wei
Published: October 2022

Detection of MAO-B using dark-field light scattering imaging and colorimetry based on localized surface plasmon resonance induced by silver deposited gold nanostars.
Can the isonitrile biosynthesis enzyme ScoE assist with the biosynthesis of isonitrile groups in drug molecules? A computational study
Authors: Wong Henrik P. H. , Mokkawes Thirakorn , de Visser Sam P.
Published: October 2022

Computational studies show that the isonitrile synthesizing enzyme ScoE can catalyse the conversion of γ-Gly substituents in substrates to isonitrile. This enables efficient isonitrile substitution into target molecules such as axisonitrile-1.
P-block atom modified Sn(200) surface as a promising electrocatalyst for two-electron CO2 reduction: a first-principles study
Authors: Tang Bo-Wen , Liu Yu , Deng Da-Wei , Xu Ying , Wen Bo , Tang Zhen-Kun , Wei Xiao-Lin , Ge Qing-Xia , Yin Wen-Jin
Published: October 2022

The P-block atom can effectively regulate the activity of two-electron CO2 reduction on Sn(200) surface.
Enhancement of tetrel bond involving tetrazole-TtR3(Tt = C, Si; R = H, F). Promotion of SiR3transfer by a triel bond
Authors: Wu Qiaozhuo , Xie Xiaoying , Li Qingzhong , Scheiner Steve
Published: October 2022

The combination of a CR3(R = H, F) with a tetrazole can result in a moderate carbon bond, which can be further strengthened by a triel bond. On the other hand, SiR3group is half transferred between the two N atoms in these conditions.
Ultrafine Rh nanocrystals grown onto a boron and nitrogen codoped carbon support with a horn-shaped structure for highly efficient methanol oxidation
Authors: Guo Xiangjie , Xiong Jie , Wang Qi , Zhang Jian , He Haiyan , Huang Huajie
Published: October 2022

A facile and robust strategy is developed for the preparation of ultrafine Rh grown onto a B and N codoped horn-shaped carbon support, exhibiting exceptional electrocatalytic properties for methanol oxidation.
Hierarchically structured nickel/molybdenum nitride heterojunctions as superior bifunctional electrodes for overall water splitting
Authors: Chen Pengzuo , Feng Dongmei , Li Kaixun , Tong Yun
Published: October 2022

A 3D hierarchical heterostructure of intermetallic compound heterojunctions is first rationally designed and presented as a highly-active bifunctional electrode for water splitting.
Air-stable chiral double-decker Dy(iii) macrocycles with fluoride ion as the sole axial ligand
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Zhao Chen , Wu Jinjiang , Zhu Zhenhua , Tang Jinkui
Published: October 2022

A pair of double-decker Dy(iii) macrocyclic enantiomers featuring sole fluoride axial ligands were designed and synthesized, which exhibit strong intramolecular ferromagnetic coupling and two-step relaxation of magnetization.