bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parent Beliefs about Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Implications for Ethical Communication by Healthcare Providers
Authors: Kroshus Emily , Chrisman Sara P.D. , Rivara Frederick P.
Published: October 2017

The objective of this study was to assess the beliefs of parents of youth soccer players about Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), concussion, and retirement from sport decisions and compare them to those of concussion-specialized clinicians. An electronic survey was completed by parents of youth club soccer players (n=247/1600, 15.4% response rate) and concussion-specialized clinicians (n=18/47, 38.3% response rate) located in a large U.S. urban center. Parents believed more strongly in the causal relationship between concussions and CTE, and between CTE and harm than did clinicians. Parents who themselves had participated in sport at a high level had more conservative beliefs than other parents about the number of concussions after which an athlete should retire from contact or collision sport. Results are discussed in the context of ethical risk communication between clinicians and parents. This includes the importance of communicating information about CTE to parents and youth athletes in an understandable way so that they can make informed choices about contact and collision sport participation. Further research is encouraged to evaluate approaches of communicating evidence about CTE to a diverse population of families of youth athletes.
Effects of dual biofuel approach for total elimination of diesel on injection system by reciprocatory friction monitor
Authors: Singh Paramvir , Goel Varun , Chauhan SR
Published: October 2017

Biodiesel is a promising fuel which shows potential and gradually received attention as a best alternate feedstock for diesel engine. Previous investigations have shown that use of double biofuels in a diesel engine can be a promising aspect for complete elimination of diesel from compression ignition engines which will decrease our dependency on fossil fuels. The tribological performance of injection system is primarily based on the lubricity characteristics of the fuel. So, it is imperative to a more diversified research about the impact of using double biofuels in engine. In the present investigation, different biodiesel-oil blends were investigated using the ASTM D6079 by the reciprocatory friction monitor. The effect of temperature variation on lubricity characteristics was also studied. The biodiesel-oil blends shows improvement in results as compared to diesel. Biodiesel is prone to oxidation due to availability of unsaturation in their moieties. The effects of oxidation on lubricity characteristics were also studied. It was also found that the operating conditions collectively affected the lubricity characteristics of tested feedstocks.
Targets of therapy in progressive MS
Authors: Lassmann Hans
Published: October 2017

Highly effective anti-inflammatory therapies have so far been developed for patients with relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis, which also show some benefits in the early progressive stage of the disease. However, treatment options for patients, who have entered the progressive phase, are still limited. Disease starts as an inflammatory process, which induces focal demyelinating lesions in the gray and white matter. This stage of the disease dominates in the relapsing phase, extends into the early stages of progressive disease, and can be targeted by current anti-inflammatory treatments. In parallel, inflammation accumulates behind a closed or repaired blood brain barrier, and this process peaks in the late relapsing and early progressive stage and then declines. Some data suggest that this process may be targeted by immune ablation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In the late stage, inflammation may decline to levels seen in age-matched controls, but age and disease burden–related neurodegeneration ensues. Such neurodegeneration affects the damaged brain and spinal cord, in which functional reserve capacity is exhausted, giving rise to further disability progression. Anti-inflammatory treatments are unlikely to be beneficial in this stage of the disease, but neuroprotective and repair-inducing strategies may still be effective.
Imaging outcome measures for progressive multiple sclerosis trials
Authors: Moccia Marcello , de Stefano Nicola , Barkhof Frederik
Published: October 2017

Imaging markers that are reliable, reproducible and sensitive to neurodegenerative changes in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) can enhance the development of new medications with a neuroprotective mode-of-action. Accordingly, in recent years, a considerable number of imaging biomarkers have been included in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials in primary and secondary progressive MS. Brain lesion count and volume are markers of inflammation and demyelination and are important outcomes even in progressive MS trials. Brain and, more recently, spinal cord atrophy are gaining relevance, considering their strong association with disability accrual; ongoing improvements in analysis methods will enhance their applicability in clinical trials, especially for cord atrophy. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques (e.g. magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), spectroscopy) have been included in few trials so far and hold promise for the future, as they can reflect specific pathological changes targeted by neuroprotective treatments. Position emission tomography (PET) and optical coherence tomography have yet to be included. Applications, limitations and future perspectives of these techniques in clinical trials in progressive MS are discussed, with emphasis on measurement sensitivity, reliability and sample size calculation.
‘Progressive MS – macro views’: The need for novel clinical trial paradigms to enable drug development for progressive MS
Authors: Zaratin P , Comi G , Leppert D
Published: October 2017

This article outlines the principal challenges to establish a standard phase-2 approach for progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) and presents referring strategies to accelerate the registration process via a guidance approved by regulatory agencies. Accordingly, the contribution of ‘big datasets’ for a better understanding of the natural history of primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and of their prognostic factors and the value of novel biomarkers are discussed. The establishment of new industry–academic initiatives, such as independent consortia under the umbrella of Progressive MS Alliance (PMSA), with the endorsement of MS organizations and Scientific Societies (e.g. European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS)) may be crucial to overcome some of the current challenges. Within this frame, the continuous interaction with regulatory agencies is instrumental for the formal validation of the many developments suitable to improve clinical trialling in PMS.
An Investigation of Student Psychological Wellbeing: Honors Versus Nonhonors Undergraduate Education
Authors: Plominski Abigail P. , Burns Lawrence R.
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study was to describe the current state of psychological wellbeing in gifted and nongifted undergraduate student sample populations and identify undergraduate populations experiencing heightened levels of distress within a large Midwestern public university. Study participants included 641 honors and 386 nonhonors undergraduate students. Each participant completed an electronic survey including a series of 10 measures of psychological adjustment to assess student psychological wellbeing. Significant differences between honors and nonhonors student sample populations were identified. Findings also suggest sophomore students share unique characteristics that may be responsible for lower levels of psychological wellbeing. Potential services that may improve the university undergraduate experience are discussed.
Deep Transverse Metatarsal Ligament Transection in Morton’s Neuroma Excision: A Cadaveric Study Examining Effects on Metatarsal Alignment
Authors: Preston Nathaniel , Peterson Daniel , Allen Jamey , Kawalec Jill S. , Whitaker Jeffrey
Published: October 2017

Background. In the dorsal incisional approach for Morton’s neuroma, it is required to transect the deep transverse metatarsal ligament (DTML) that lies in the interspace between the third and fourth metatarsal heads. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between transection of the DTML in the third intermetatarsal space and the metatarsal alignment. Methods. Nine human cadaveric lower extremity limbs were used for this study. Each limb was mounted to the MTS 858 Mini Bionix biomechanical test system and loaded to 120% of the donor’s documented body weight at a rate of 15 lbf/s, in order to simulate peak weightbearing ground reactive forces on the forefoot. Preoperative and immediate postoperative radiographs were obtained. Cyclic loading was then performed to simulate 1 month of full weightbearing. Radiographs were repeated and metatarsal alignment was analyzed. Results. A statistically significant difference was noted with intermetatarsal angle (IMA) 1-2 and IMA 1-4. The IMA 1-2 after 1 month cycling time showed statistical significant difference from those found immediately postoperatively (P < .05). Average increase in IMA 1-2 from preoperative to 1 month cycling time was 2.18°. The power of the analyses for IMA 1-2 was 0.992. Regarding the IMA 1-4, data recorded at 1 week and 1 month cycling times showed a statistically significant difference compared to the preoperative IMA 1-4 (P < .05). Average increase in IM 1-4 angles from preoperative to 1 month cycling time was an increase of 1.79°. The power of the analyses for IM 1-4 angles was 0.953. Conclusion. Technically, 2.18° increase in IMA 1-2 or 1.79° increase in IM 1-4 would be considered an abnormal widening of the forefoot, but clinically, these values could not be detected; nor should they deter a surgeon or patient from undergoing a Morton’s neurectomy via a dorsal incisional approach.

Levels of Evidence: Level V: Cadaveric study
Reserve or Resident Progenitors in Cartilage? Comparative Analysis of Chondrocytes versus Chondroprogenitors and Their Role in Cartilage Repair
Authors: Vinod Elizabeth , Boopalan P. R. J. V. C. , Sathishkumar Solomon
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Articular cartilage is made up of hyaline tissue embodying chondrocytes, which arise from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and specialized extracellular matrix. Despite possessing resident progenitors in and around the joint primed for chondrogenesis, cartilage has limited intrinsic capacity of repair and cell turnover. Advances in isolation, culture, and characterization of these progenitors have raised the possibility for their use in cell-based cartilage repair. Chondroprogenitors (CPCs) have been classified as MSCs and have been postulated to play a vital role in injury response and are identified by their colony forming ability, proliferative potential, telomere dynamics, multipotency, and expression of stem cell markers. The combined presence of CPCs and chondrocytes within the same tissue compartments and the ability of chondrocytes to dedifferentiate and acquire stemness during culture expansion has obscured our ability to define and provide clear-cut differences between these 2 cell populations.

Objective

This review aims to evaluate and summarize the available literature on CPCs in terms of their origin, growth kinetics, molecular characteristics, and differential and therapeutic potential with emphasis on their difference from daughter chondrocytes.

Design

For this systematic review, a comprehensive electronic search was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar using relevant terms such as chondrocytes, chondroprogenitors, and surface marker expression.

Results and Conclusion

Our comparative analysis shows that there is an ill-defined distinction between CPCs and chondrocytes with respect to their cell surface expression (MSC markers and CPC-specific markers) and differentiation potential. Accumulating evidence indicates that the 2 subpopulations may be distinguished based on their growth kinetics and chondrogenic marker.
Sauna exposure leads to improved arterial compliance: Findings from a non-randomised experimental study
Authors: Lee Earric , Laukkanen Tanjaniina , Kunutsor Setor K , Khan Hassan , Willeit Peter , Zaccardi Francesco , Laukkanen Jari A
Published: October 2017

Background

Heat therapy has been suggested to improve cardiovascular function. However, the effects of hot sauna exposure on arterial compliance and the dynamics of blood flow and pressure have not been well documented. Thus, we investigated the short-term effects of sauna bathing on arterial stiffness and haemodynamics.

Design

The design was an experimental non-randomised study.

Methods

There were 102 asymptomatic participants (mean age, 51.9 years) who had at least one cardiovascular risk factor. Participants were exposed to a single sauna session (duration: 30 min; temperature: 73℃; humidity: 10–20%). Pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, heart rate, blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, augmented pressure and left ventricular ejection time were assessed before, immediately after, and 30 min after a single sauna session.

Results

Sauna bathing led to reductions in pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and left ventricular ejection time. Mean pulse wave velocity value before sauna was 9.8 m/s and decreased to 8.6 m/s immediately after sauna bathing ( p < 0.001 for difference), and was 9.0 m/s after the 30-minute recovery period ( p < 0.001 for analysis of variance). Systolic blood pressure was 137 mm Hg before sauna bathing, decreasing to 130 mm Hg after sauna ( p < 0.001), which remained sustained during the 30-minute recovery phase ( p < 0.001 for analysis of variance). After a single sauna session, diastolic blood pressure decreased from 82 to 75 mm Hg, mean arterial pressure from 99.4 to 93.6 mm Hg and left ventricular ejection time from 307 to 278 m/s ( p < 0.001 for all differences). Pulse pressure was 42.7 mm Hg before the sauna, 44.9 mm Hg immediately after the sauna, and reduced to 39.3 mm Hg after 30-minutes recovery ( p < 0.001 for analysis of variance). Heart rate increased from 65 to 81 beats/min post-sauna ( p < 0.001); there were no significant changes for augmented pressure and pulse pressure amplification.

Conclusion

This study shows that pulse wave velocity, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, left ventricular ejection time and diastolic time decreased immediately after a 30-minute sauna session. Decreases in systolic blood pressure and left ventricular ejection time were sustained during the 30-minute recovery phase.
Center Variation and the Effect of Center and Provider Characteristics on Clinical Outcomes in Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Authors: Tsampalieros Anne , Knoll Gregory A. , Fergusson Nicholas , Bennett Alexandria , Taljaard Monica , Fergusson Dean
Published: October 2017

Background:

Kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease. While patient-level factors affecting survival are established, the presence of variation in the management of transplant recipients remains unknown.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to examine center variation in kidney transplantation and identify center and provider characteristics that may be associated with clinical outcomes.

Design:

This is a systematic review.

Data sources:

Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library from inception to June 2016 were used.

Study eligibility:

Any study examining the association between center or provider characteristics and graft or patient survival, quality of life, or functional status were included.

Results:

We identified 6327 records and 24 studies met eligibility. Most studies used data registries. Characteristics evaluated include center volume (n = 17), provider volume (n = 2), provider experience (n = 1), center type (n = 2), and location of follow-up (n = 1). Outcomes assessed included graft survival (n = 24) and patient survival (n = 9). Significant center variation was described in 12 of 15 and 5 of 7 studies for graft and patient survival. There was a significant and positive association between center volume and graft and patient survival in 8 and 2 studies, respectively. Provider experience and volume were significantly associated with less allograft loss and provider volume with lower risk of death. There was no association between graft survival and location of follow-up or center type.

Limitations:

There was substantial heterogeneity in the variables assessed and methodology used to analyze associations.

Conclusion:

This systematic review found center variation in kidney transplantation. Future studies in the current era are necessary to better evaluate this important topic.
Trends in Primary Care Provision to Medicare Beneficiaries by Physicians, Nurse Practitioners, or Physician Assistants: 2008-2014
Authors: Xue Ying , Goodwin James S. , Adhikari Deepak , Raji Mukaila A. , Kuo Yong-Fang
Published: October 2017

Objectives: To document the temporal trends in alternative primary care models in which physicians, nurse practitioners (NPs), or physician assistants (PAs) engaged in care provision to the elderly, and examine the role of these models in serving elders with multiple chronic conditions and those residing in rural and health professional shortage areas (HPSAs). Design: Serial cross-sectional analysis of Medicare claims data for years 2008, 2011, and 2014. Setting: Primary care outpatient setting. Participants: Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries who had at least 1 primary care office visit in each study year. The sample size is 2 471 498. Measurements: Physician model—Medicare beneficiary’s primary care office visits in a year were conducted exclusively by physicians; shared care model—conducted by a group of professionals that included physicians and either NPs or PAs or both; NP/PA model: conducted either by NPs or PAs or both. Results: There was a decrease in the physician model (85.5% to 70.9%) and an increase in the shared care model (11.9% to 23.3%) and NP/PA model (2.7% to 5.9%) from 2008 to 2014. Compared with the physician model, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of receiving NP/PA care was 3.97 (95% CI 3.80-4.14) in rural and 1.26 (95% CI 1.23-1.29) in HPSAs; and the AOR of receiving shared care was 1.66 (95% CI 1.61-1.72) and 1.14 (95% CI 1.13-1.15), respectively. Beneficiaries with 3 or more chronic conditions were most likely to received shared care (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.65-1.70). Conclusion: The increase in shared care practice signifies a shift toward bolstering capacity of the primary care delivery system to serve elderly populations with growing chronic disease burden and to improve access to care in rural and HPSAs.
Implementation of a Safe Patient Handling Program in a Multihospital Health System From Inception to Sustainability: Successes Over 8 Years and Ongoing Challenges
Authors: Olinski Christine , Norton Christine E.
Published: October 2017

Musculoskeletal injuries, especially back injuries, are among the most frequent injuries sustained by direct caregivers who lift, transfer, and reposition patients. These injuries can be debilitating and, for some caregivers, career ending. In the first year following implementation of the safe patient handling program in a multihospital health care system, an 82% reduction in Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) recordable patient handling injuries was realized, a 94% decrease in days away from work, an 85% reduction in restricted duty days, and an 82% reduction in incurred workers’ compensation costs. These reductions have been sustained for an 8-year period since the program’s implementation in 2008. The primary focus of the program’s first year was training and education. Compliance and retraining efforts began in the second year, followed by a gradual transition to the present emphasis on sustainability. This article describes the development and implementation of a safe patient handling program in a multihospital health system and the impact on caregiver injuries over 8 years. Also presented are key strategies that were used to achieve sustainability.
Growing Concerns With Workplace Incivility
Authors: Collins Natasha Renee , Rogers Bonnie
Published: October 2017

Workplace incivility (WPI) is a growing issue across all public and private sectors. Occupational and environmental health nurses can educate employees and management about WPI, its risk factors and characteristics, and ways to reduce incidents of WPI.
Effect of Menstrual Cycle on Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Authors: Júnior V. R. Souza , Lemos V. M. V. , Feitosa I. M. L. , Florencio R. , Correia C. W. B. , Fontes L. B. Correia , Costa M. F. Hazin , Correia M. C. B.
Published: October 2017

A 16-year-old female who was attended as an outpatient reported localized, acute abdominal pain with vomiting, symmetrical motor weakness, and burning sensation in both arms and legs. Her medical history showed irrational behavior, repeated admissions at the emergency units of many other reference hospitals, where she had been investigated for celiac disease and treated with analgesics for pain events. Her clinical condition remained unchanged despite the use of many oral analgesics. In those admissions, she showed dysautonomia, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Diagnosis investigation disclosed a notable serum hyponatremia (133.7 mEq/L). She was referred for endoscopy and the histopathological lesion of the antrum in the stomach did not show neoplastic lesions. Colonoscopy, pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), total abdominal computed tomography, and video laparoscopy were without significant abnormalities. Suspicion of acute intermittent porphyria was confirmed by quantitative urine porphobilinogen-level tests and genetic analysis. Patient was successfully treated with intravenous infusion of glucose and hemin therapy.
Time to Develop Social Dentistry
Authors: Bedos C. , Apelian N. , Vergnes J.N.
Published: October 2017

Knowledge Transfer Statement: We are calling researchers, educators, and dental professionals to be at the forefront of actions addressing social determinants of health. We indeed argue that 1) it is the dentists’ and other oral health care professionals’ role to tackle social determinants of health and 2) as researchers and educators, we need to help clinicians in this endeavor and lead the development of a “social dentistry” movement.
EPR spectra of a new radiation-induced paramagnetic centre in kaolins
Authors: Goodman Bernard A. , Worasith Niramon , Deng Wen
Published: October 2017

The EPR spectrum of a previously unreported paramagnetic centre formed in kaolin minerals by exposure to γ radiation is described. This centre, which is referred to here as the ‘C-centre’, was seen initially during an investigation of the radiation dose response of the EPR signal in the natural Lampang kaolin from northern Thailand, and its EPR properties are now presented for a purified sample from this material. They suggest a paramagnetic centre with rhombic symmetry based on O− associated with a single 27Al atom. Computer simulations suggest spin Hamiltonian parameters of g1 = 1.976, g3 = 2.0417 and A(27Al) = 2.10 mT, with g2 ≈ 2.01. This C-centre was also seen as a minor radiationinduced component in both crude and purified Ranong kaolin samples, along with a stronger signal from the B-centre radical. It seems to be associated with the kaolinite component, but was lost on annealing to 300°C after which only the signal from the A-centre was visible.
Clonality in context: hematopoietic clones in their marrow environment
Authors: Cooper James N. , Young Neal S.
Published: October 2017

Clonal hematopoiesis occurs normally, especially with aging, and in the setting of disease, not only in myeloid cancers but in bone marrow failure as well. In cancer, malignant clones are characterized by recurrent somatic mutations in specific sets of genes, but the direct relationship of such mutations to leukemogenesis, when they occur in cells of an apparently healthy older individual or after recovery from immune aplastic anemia, is uncertain. Here we emphasize a view of clonal evolution that stresses natural selection over deterministic ontogeny, and we stress the selective role of the environment of the marrow and organism. Clonal hematopoieses after chemotherapy, in marrow failure, and with aging serve as models. We caution against the overinterpretation of clinical results of genomic testing in the absence of a better understanding of clonal selection and evolution.
Mapping sand layers in clayey till using crosshole ground-penetrating radar
Authors: Looms Majken Caroline , Klotzsche Anja , van der Kruk Jan , Larsen Thomas Hauerberg , Edsen Anders , Tuxen Nina , Hamburger Nancy , Keskinen Johanna , Nielsen Lars
Published: October 2017

Fluid transport through clayey tills governs the quantity and quality of groundwater resources in the Northern Hemisphere. This transport is often controlled by a 3D network of macropores (biopores, fractures, and sand lenses) within the clayey till. At present, a nondestructive technique that can map and characterize the sand-lens network does not exist, and full excavation or extensive drilling is therefore the only solution. Acquisition and modeling of crosshole ground-penetrating radar (GPR) may provide the answer to this problem. We collected 1D and 2D crosshole GPR data at a field site in Denmark from four 8 m deep boreholes with horizontal distances varying between 2.64 and 5.05 m. We find that the depth, thickness, and tilt of a coherent sand layer within the clayey till (approximately 0.4–0.6 m thick), as well as the underlying sand formation, can be mapped accurately using GPR data. We efficiently identify the sand as a highly resistive section with high electromagnetic (EM) wave velocities, whereas the clayey till is conductive with lower EM wave velocities. We find that the exact location of the sand occurrences is better delineated by the increase in amplitude than the increase in EM wave velocity. We believe that crosshole GPR may contribute significantly to groundwater protection and contaminant remediation initiatives.
High intelligence and the risk of ADHD and other psychopathology
Authors: Rommelse Nanda , Antshel Kevin , Smeets Stijn , Greven Corina , Hoogeveen Lianne , Faraone Stephen V. , Hartman Catharina A.
Published: October 2017

Background

High intelligence may be associated with positive (adaptive, desired) outcomes, but may also come with disadvantages.

Aims

To contribute empirically to the debate concerning whether a trade-off in IQ scores exists in relation to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related problems, suggesting that high intelligence – like low intelligence –increases the risk of ADHD.

Method

Curves of the relation between IQ score and ADHD problems were fitted to questionnaire data (parent, teacher, self-report) in a population-based study of 2221 children and adolescents aged 10–12 years. Externalising and internalising problems were included for comparison purposes.

Results

Higher IQ score was most strongly related to fewer attention problems, with more rater discrepancy in the highv.average IQ range. Attention problems – but only minimally hyperactivity/impulsivity problems – predicted functional impairment at school, also in the higher IQ range.

Conclusions

Attention problems in highly intelligent children are exceptional and affect school performance; they are therefore a reason for clinical concern.
Fatigue Risk Management: The Impact of Anesthesiology Residents’ Work Schedules on Job Performance and a Review of Potential Countermeasures
Authors: Wong Lily R. , Flynn-Evans Erin , Ruskin Keith J.
Published: October 2017

Long duty periods and overnight call shifts impair physicians’ performance on measures of vigilance, psychomotor functioning, alertness, and mood. Anesthesiology residents typically work between 64 and 70 hours per week and are often required to work 24 hours or overnight shifts, sometimes taking call every third night. Mitigating the effects of sleep loss, circadian misalignment, and sleep inertia requires an understanding of the relationship among work schedules, fatigue, and job performance. This article reviews the current Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education guidelines for resident duty hours, examines how anesthesiologists’ work schedules can affect job performance, and discusses the ramifications of overnight and prolonged duty hours on patient safety and resident well-being. We then propose countermeasures that have been implemented to mitigate the effects of fatigue and describe how training programs or practice groups who must work overnight can adapt these strategies for use in a hospital setting. Countermeasures include the use of scheduling interventions, strategic naps, microbreaks, caffeine use during overnight and extended shifts, and the use of bright lights in the clinical setting when possible or personal blue light devices when the room lights must be turned off. Although this review focuses primarily on anesthesiology residents in training, many of the mitigation strategies described here can be used effectively by physicians in practice.
Pumilio2 deficient mice show a predisposition for epilepsy
Authors: Follwaczny Philipp , Schieweck Rico , Riedemann Therese , Demleitner Antonia , Straub Tobias , Klemm Anna H. , Bilban Martin , Sutor Bernd , Popper Bastian , Kiebler Michael A.
Published: October 2017

Epilepsy is a neurological disease that is caused by abnormal hypersynchronous activities of neuronal ensembles leading to recurrent and spontaneous seizures in human patients. Enhanced neuronal excitability and a high level of synchrony between neurons seem to trigger these spontaneous seizures. The molecular mechanisms, however, regarding the development of neuronal hyperexcitability and maintenance of epilepsy are still poorly understood. Here, we show that the RNA-binding protein (RBP) Pumilio2 (Pum2) plays a role in the regulation of excitability in hippocampal neurons of weaned and 5 months old male mice. Almost complete deficiency of Pum2 in adult Pum2 gene trap mice (Pum2 GT) causes misregulation of genes involved in neuronal excitability control. Interestingly, this finding is accompanied by the development of spontaneous epileptic seizures in Pum2 GT mice. Further, we detect an age-dependent increase in Scn1a (Nav1.1) and Scn8a (Nav1.6) mRNA levels together with a decrease in Scn2a (Nav1.2) transcript levels in weaned Pum2 GT that is absent in older mice. Moreover, field recordings of CA1 pyramidal neurons show a tendency towards a reduced paired-pulse inhibition after stimulation of the Schaffer-Collateral-Commissural pathway in Pum2 GT mice indicating a predisposition to the development of spontaneous seizures at later stages. With the onset of spontaneous seizures at the age of 5 months, we detect increased protein levels of Nav1.1 and Nav1.2 as well as decreased protein levels of Nav1.6 in those mice. In addition, GABA receptor subunit alpha-2 (Gabra2) mRNA levels are increased in weaned and adult mice. Furthermore, we observe an enhanced GABRA2 protein level in the dendritic field of the CA1 subregion in the Pum2 GT hippocampus. We conclude that altered expression levels of known epileptic risk factors such as Nav1.1, Nav1.2, Nav1.6 and GABRA2 result in enhanced seizure susceptibility and manifestation of epilepsy in the hippocampus. Thus, our results argue for a role of Pum2 in epileptogenesis and the maintenance of epilepsy.
Thiophene-Fused Naphthalene Diimides: New Building Blocks for Electron Deficient π-Functional Materials
Authors: Takimiya Kazuo , Nakano Masahiro
Published: October 2017

Development of novel π-conjugated building blocks that can be integrated into molecular or macromolecular systems is key to the evolution of new superior organic semiconductors utilized as the active materials in organic electronics devices such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and organic thermoelectric (TE) devices. This review affords a brief overview of thiophene-fused naphthalene diimide (NDI), namely naphtho[2,3-b:6,7-b′]dithiophene diimide (NDTI) and naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene diimide (NTI), recently developed as novel electron deficient building blocks for n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors. These thiophene-fused NDI building blocks had not been known until 2013 owing to their synthetic difficulty; more precisely, the difficulty in attaching fused-thiophene ring(s) on the NDI core. We have successfully established a thiophene-annulation reaction on ethyne-substituted NDI derivatives, which allows us to elaborate various NDTI and NTI derivatives. The key features of these building blocks are low-lying energy levels of lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO, 3.8–4.1 eV below the vacuum level) and easy functionalizability of the thiophene α-positions, which allows their derivatives and polymers to conjugate efficiently with additional π- and co-monomer units. These features make the NDTI- and NTI-derivatives and polymers promising n-type and ambipolar materials for OFETs and acceptors for OPVs. In fact, various useful materials have already been derived from the NDTI and NTI building blocks: air-stable n-type small molecules and polymers with high electron mobility (∼0.8 cm2 V−1 s−1), ambipolar oligomers and polymers with well-balanced hole and electron mobilities, doped n-type semiconductors affording bulk conductors applicable to n-type TE materials, and electron acceptor molecules and polymers for OPVs showing promising power conversion efficiencies of up to 9%. These impressive and diversified device performances testify the usefulness of thiophene-fused NDI building blocks in the development of new electron deficient π-functional materials.
La política de discapacidad del sector seguridad y defensa en Colombia: una mirada desde los derechos fundamentales
Authors: Crespo Carrillo Ft. Martha Adriana
Published: October 2017

Introducción: la política de discapacidad del sector seguridad y defensa en Colombia tiene como objetivo la implementación del Sistema de Gestión del Riesgo y Rehabilitación Integral (SGRRI) para articular las acciones de los diferentes actores implicados en el sistema. Este artículo re exiona sobre la construcción e implementación de esta política como un instrumento para avanzar hacia la inclusión social y garantizar el goce de los derechos fundamentales de las personas de la fuerza pública con discapacidad (PcD). Desarrollo: en Colombia la visión y manejo de la discapacidad se ha transformado a partir de la Constitución Política de 1991. El Ministerio de Defensa Nacional (MDN) no ha sido ajeno a estos cambios y actualmente implementa la política de discapacidad para la fuerza pública, que es una iniciativa destacable en el contexto de América Latina. Dicha política, si bien tiene su fundamento en el modelo social, presenta limitaciones en su implementación para la garantía de los derechos humanos, lo cual implica avanzar hacia un esfuerzo articulador que permita la plena inclusión de este colectivo. Conclusiones: la política de discapacidad del sector seguridad y defensa ha sido un instrumento para avanzar hacia la inclusión social y el goce de los derechos fundamentales de las PcD de la fuerza pública. A pesar de las limitaciones, se evidencia un esfuerzo por garantizar el pleno goce de derechos como la salud, la educación, el empleo y la participación en política, entre otros, cuyo primer resultado es la implementación del SGRRI.
EFFECT ASSESSMENT OF A COGNITIVE TRAINING PLATFORM IN HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Yaneva Antonia , Mateva Nonka
Published: October 2017

Cognitive interventions, especially cognitive training, may improve cognitive functions in healthy older adults. Computerized cognitive training platforms offer several advantages over traditional programs for cognitive training and stimulation. The focus of this article is the methodology of the studies that apply a particular online training program. We investigate the effectiveness of several studies for cognitive training in healthy elderly people and evaluate reported outcomes and potential bias and what factors determine, influence or contribute to the positive or negative results. The post-intervention scores demonstrate that computerized cognitive training may enhance some cognitive functions and the overall cognitive status but there is need for additional research to prove its effectiveness.
A NOTE ON SOME THEOREMS OF R. DATKO
Authors: Babaita Cristina Andreea , Moresan Raluca , Preda Petre
Published: October 2017

The asymptotic behavior of the evolution families is a widely interesting topic in mathematics over time. In 1930, O. Perron was the first one who established the connection between the asymptotic behavior of the solution of the homogenous differential equation and the associated non-homogeneous equation, in finite dimensional spaces. Further, the result was extended for infinite dimensional spaces. The case of dynamical systems described by evolution processes was studied by C. Chicone and Y. Latushkin. One of the most remarkable results in the theory of stability of dynamical systems has been obtained by R. Datko in 1970 for the particular case of C0-semigroups. Practically, R. Datko defines a characterization for uniform exponential stability of the C0-semigroups. Later, it was proved that a similar characterization is also valid for two-parameter evolution families.In this paper we obtain different versions of a well-known theorem of R. Datko for uniform and nonuniform exponential bounded evolution families. More precisely, we obtain theorems that characterize the nonuniform and uniform exponential stability of evolution families with uniform and nonuniform exponential growth. We show that, if we choose K dependent of t0 in the form of Datko's theorem used by C. Stoica and M. Megan, we obtain a result of nonuniform exponential stability, which is no longer possible in the original form of Datko's theorem.In conclusion, we generalize the results initially obtained by Datko (1972) and Preda and Megan (1985), by presenting some sufficient conditions for the nonuniform exponential stability of evolution families with nonuniform exponential growth.
PRECISE POSITIONING OF DIAMAGNETICALLY LEVITATED MICROROBOT
Authors: Demircali Anil , Uvet Huseyin , Kahraman Yusuf , Kose Tunc , Sisu Serhat , Erkan Kadir
Published: October 2017

: In this article, we present a microrobot manipulation technique with high precision positional ability to move in a fluid environment with diamagnetic levitation. Untethered manipulation of microrobots by means of externally applied magnetic forces has been emerging as a promising field of research, particularly due to its potential for medical and biological applications. The decreased size of the robots makes them suitable for both in vitro applications such as sorting, moving, filtering micro particles (e.g. cells) within lab-on-a-chip platforms and in vivo applications such as minimally-invasive surgeries or targeted drug delivery inside a human body. Precise (nano) positioning of the levitated microrobot on the pyrolytic graphite is demonstrated in the liquid. Positioning is achieved by the movement of a "lifter" magnet on the sensitive microstage. The suspended microrobot successfully tracked the identified roots. Our study is about controlling the microrobot suspended on the pyrolytic graphite with nano-precision via fixed lifting magnets. The purpose of the presented method is to eliminate the friction force between the surface of the substrate and the microrobot. Thus, high accuracy motion can be achieved.
REMOVAL OF As (V) BY USING BOTTOM ASH AS ADSORBENT
Authors: Yildirim Meral , Mermer Nevin Karamahmut , Demir Funda , Derun Emek Moroydor
Published: October 2017

Industrial development brings waste problem which is a challenge for both human health and ecological cycle. Arsenic is a toxic and carcinogenic heavy metal that should be removed from drinking or waste water. In this study, an industrial waste of bottom ash was used as an adsorbent to remove As (V). To find an appropriate adsorption conditions, the adsorption temperatures and contact time were varied between 30 Â°C-50 Â°C and 5-180 min, respectively. The experimental results were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The highest values of n and KF for Freundlich isotherm were obtained for 30 Â°C and calculated as 0.432 and 0.006, respectively. According to kinetic studies, the kinetics of these experiments could be explained by pseudo-second order kinetic model, and the pseudo-second order rate constant was calculated as 0.034 g/mg.min, 0.033 g/mg.min and 0.030 g/mg.min for 30 Â°C, 40 Â°C and 50 Â°C, respectively. According to experimental results, bottom ash can be used for removal of As (V) from water sources.
HOW MIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE AFFECT MICROECONOMIC WELLBEING IN CENTRAL ASIA
Authors: Burkhanov Umar , Saburova Feruza
Published: October 2017

Climate change may pose serious challenges to the economies of Central Asian countries, but in-depth studies on a national level are lacking. The paper is aimed to contribute filling this gap and devoted to assessing the economic impacts of climate change in selected areas of Central Asia. The methods of the desk study and documental analysis are used to summarize the adverse effects of climate change in rural livelihoods. Moreover, the preliminary results of the survey conducted in selected regions of Fergana valley within MikroKlima project used as a corresponding data for economic impact analysis on a household level. The results reveal that the effects of unfavorable weather conditions uneven for short and long term, and across Central Asia. Moreover, the most potential damage from climate change will affect the rural population, and there is also a high positive correlation between water shortage, increased aridity, and poverty, aggravated by climate change.
AN ANALYSIS OF OCCURRENCE OF THE HIDDEN FACTORY PHENOMENON IN PRODUCTION – BASED ON THE SELECTED YIELDS – CASE STUDY
Authors: Czabak-Górska Izabela Dagmara , Lorenc Marcin
Published: October 2017

This article describes a procedure for identifying the phenomenon of ‘hidden factory’ based on classic and Six Sigma yields, a term attributed to wastefulness during production. The paper presents a study that aims to establish a method for improving the efficiency of production by eliminating this wastefulness. The first part of this article presents a synthesized review of the current literature regarding the negative influence of the ‘hidden factory’ on production efficiency. The theoretical considerations involve a case study with quantitative data collected from a metal foundry of Zawiercie in Poland, which specializes in producing iron castings, including connectors for water, gas, and vapor installations, as well as minor machine castings. The results indicate a hidden factory within this company’s production line. The analyzed example underlines the efficiency of the applied method for detecting the undesired phenomenon of the ‘hidden factory.'
CONTRIBUTION FROM THE FIELD OF FAMILY BUSINESS TO BUSINESS INCUBATORS, MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES
Authors: SaldaĂ±a Yolanda , Ruiz Fernando Miguel , Gaona Laura Leticia , Nahuat Juan JesĂşs , MuĂ±oz Kelly Alejandra
Published: October 2017

Most micro and small businesses start as family businesses, as they start from family savings as their main source of financing. However, the methodology used to incubate businesses in Mexico does not include tools to effectively manage family influence. This paper outlines the reasons why government agencies that allocate federal resources for business incubation should incorporate such tools into their methodologies. A documentary and a field investigation were carried out. The results show the tendency to start a business with family savings and therefore, with family interference. Likewise, it was found that newly created businesses show a high failure rate. It concludes the need to include in the methodologies used by business incubators in Mexico tools and knowledge in the field of family business. This, with the purpose of contributing towards the increase in the length of time that new companies last and the consolidation of existing micro and small enterprises in Mexico.
CONCENTRATION INDICES IN ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT: CASE OF RUSSIAN BANKING SECTOR
Authors: Stazhkova Polina , Kotcofana Tatyana , Protasov Alexander
Published: October 2017

This article is devoted to the analysis and evaluation of competitive environments by using some indicators of market concentration. An analysis was made of the key (main) concentration indices most often used in countries with developed market economies. The state of the competitive environment in the banking sector of the Russian Federation is estimated with the use of indices. The consistency of these indicators to the basic antitrust regulations was investigated. The authors show that in order to obtain reliable results each of the available methods of monopoly power detection requires a detailed market analysis.
Expelled students experience high levels of mental health issues
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: October 2017

Nearly one in two students who are permanently excluded has a diagnosed mental health problem. Ian Peate explains why strategies to reduce inequalities and prevent mental health problems in children and young people are equally important as those aimed at improving physical health.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis: a pre-malignant condition
Authors: Mortimore Gerri
Published: October 2017

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, progressive, cholestatic liver disease with no known cure. It is a serious condition, and diagnosis comes with an increased risk of developing cancer of the gallbladder, bile ducts or liver. Symptoms can include fatigue and jaundice, although the disease can be initially asymptomatic. Patients are at risk of deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins. PSC is also associated with ulcerative colitis, and patients with a dual diagnosis will have an increased risk of developing bowel cancer. In addition, patients can develop fatal complications from colitis or liver failure. As such, primary sclerosing cholangitis can be characterised as a pre-malignant condition. In view of this, it is essential that patients undergo regular surveillance to observe and rapidly treat any developing complications.
Digital literacy for gastrointestinal nurses
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: October 2017

Penny Harrison, Senior Lecturer in Adult Nursing at De Montfort University, Leicester, looks at the Health Education England report on technology skills