bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual disorders in liaison-consultation psychiatry. A descriptive study of patients with substance use disorder admitted to a general hospital
Authors: Dinamarca Cáceres F. , Garcia M. , Casanovas F. , Oller Canet S. , Sauras R. , Fonseca F. , Torrens M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Several studies describe that the coexistence of a substance use disorder with another psychiatric condition or “dual disorder” (DD) is associated with a worse evolution at all levels, including a greater burden of medical illnesses and greater mortality.

Objectives

To describe the presence of DD and related factors in patients admitted to a General Hospital that required assessment by a psychiatry service.

Methods

A descriptive study that includes patients admitted to the Hospital del Mar in Barcelona for all medical-surgical reasons and attended by the specific addiction psychiatry consultation service between January 2016 and October 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical data are collected including the history of consumption and the diagnosis of dual disorder. Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups.

Results

The sample was 1796 patients (Women: 345. Mean age: 50.3 years; SD: 12.6). 43.7% of the sample presented DD, with axis 1 disorders being the most frequent. There was an association of DD to factors as: being woman (54 vs 41.2% p <0.001), HIV positive serologies (54 vs 42.7% p <0.001), being homeless (49 vs 31.7% p <0.001) and cocaine consumption compared to other substances (53.4 vs 39.8% p <0.001).

Conclusions

In our sample, almost half of patients had DD. The representation of women was significantly lower, however they presented a higher proportion of DD. In this study we describe an association of DD with other biopsychosocial problems, and further studies are necessary to determine in which sense they are related and optimize patient care.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Comparative efficacy and safety of escitalopram, desvenlafaxine, and vortioxetine in the acute treatment of anxious depression: A randomized rater-blinded, 6-week clinical trial
Authors: Oh K.-S. , Jeon S.W.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

This study is about the clinical uses of three antidepressants( escitalopram, desvenlafaxine, vortioxetine) in the treatment of anxioun depression.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of escitalopram, desvenlafaxine, vortioxetine, and aripiprazole augmentation with escitalopram in the acute treatment of anxious depression.

Methods

Patients (n=189) with DSM5 major depression and high levels of anxiety were evenly randomized to escitalopram, desvenlafaxine, vortioxetine, and aripiprazole augmentation with escitalopram in a six-week, randomized, rater-blinded, head to head comparative trial. Changes in overall depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed.

Results

Patients demonstrated similar baseline-to-endpoint improvement in HAMD and HAMA total scores. Patients also demonstrated similar response rate and remission rate in HAMD and HAMA. In analysis of individual HAMD and HAMA items, desvenlafaxine had greatly reduced scores for anxiety somatic (p=0.013), hypochondriasis (p=0.014), cardiovascular symptoms (p=0.005), respiratory symptoms (p=0.013) compared to escitalopram or vortioxetine. Each treatment were well tolerated with no significant differences.

Conclusions

These results showed no significant differences in efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram, desvenlafaxine, vortioxetine, and aripiprazole augmentation with escitalopram in this subtype of patients with anxious depression during the acute phase treatment.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Clinical Efficacy of a 2-Week Treatment Course of Zuranolone for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder and Postpartum Depression: Outcomes From the Clinical Development Program
Authors: Clayton A. , Cutler A.J. , Deligiannidis K.M. , Lasser R. , Sankoh A.J. , Doherty J. , Kotecha M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Antidepressants that offer a rapid onset of action without requiring chronic use are greatly needed in both major depressive disorder (MDD) and postpartum depression (PPD). Zuranolone is an investigational, oral, neuroactive steroid and GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator in clinical development as a 2-week treatment course for MDD and PPD.

Objectives

To present the efficacy and safety of zuranolone vs placebo in Phase 2 and 3 trials.

Methods

In the studies presented (Table 1), improvements in depressive symptoms were assessed by least-squares mean (LSM) using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures on the change from baseline (CFB) at Day 15 in the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression total score (HAMD-17; primary endpoint for all trials) and the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS; secondary endpoint) following a 14-day treatment course of once-daily zuranolone.

Results

Compared with placebo, zuranolone treatment led to rapid improvements in depressive symptoms across clinical trials, with significant improvements (LSM treatment difference [SE] in CFB) in HAMD-17 and MADRS scores at Day 15 in 3 of the 4 trials (Table 2). Common treatment-emergent adverse events (≥5% in zuranolone treatment arms) were headache, somnolence, dizziness, nausea, sedation, diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infection, and fatigue (Table 3). No incidences of loss of consciousness or excessive sedation were observed.

Conclusions

Across the completed studies in the zuranolone clinical trial program, patients receiving zuranolone consistently experienced improvement in depressive symptoms following a 2-week treatment course. Treatment with zuranolone was generally well tolerated with a consistent safety and tolerability profile.

Disclosure

The MDD-201B, MOUNTAIN, and ROBIN studies were sponsored by Sage Therapeutics, Inc; the WATERFALL study was sponsored by Sage Therapeutics, Inc, and Biogen. Medical writing and editorial support were provided by MediTech Media, Ltd, and funded by Biogen.
Giving a leg up part 2: the ethical challenges of Body Integrity Dysphoria
Authors: Dumais-Lévesque G. , Pham Thi-Desmarteau S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID) is a diagnosis, newly described in ICD-11, “characterised by an intense and persistent desire to become physically disabled in a significant way… accompanied by persistent discomfort, or intense feelings of inappropriateness concerning current non-disabled body configuration”. Patients with BID may request the amputation of healthy limbs but this raises multiple ethical challenges.

Objectives

By the end of the presentation, participants 1) will better understand the new diagnosis of Body Integrity Dysphoria; 2) will be able to have some landmarks to evaluate and manage this rare condition 3) will discern the ethical challenges raised by an elective or emergent amputation request.

Methods

We present a complex case we faced in Quebec City, Canada. A young adult admitted to the intensive care and burn unit was referred to our Consultation Liaison (CL) team. For the second time in a year, the individual deliberately burned his leg, with the intention of having an amputation. Based on the available literature and our experience, we explore the ethical aspects of this case.

Results

For this situation, the multidisciplinary team faced uncertainty and ambivalence toward the best treatment options. Deontological concerns and ethical issues emerged from the patient’s request for amputation.

Conclusions

We outline how ethical concepts helped us to gain a shared comprehension of the patient’s extraordinary request, both during treatment and afterwards.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Trajectories of psychiatric care in an innovative outpatient program designed for transitional age youth (16 to 24 years old) in French-speaking Belgium: results of a retrospective study
Authors: Marchini S. , Reis J. , Hussein I. , Delvenne V.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Transitional age youth (TAY), from 16 to 24 years old, are a particularly at-risk population in mental health. They have specific needs, not currently covered between child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and adult mental health services (AMHS), mainly because of existing barriers.

Objectives

This retrospective study was carried out to describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 243 patients who attended a new TAY-tailored outpatient psychiatric program.

Methods

Outcomes related to trajectories of psychiatric care were analysed, such as leading symptom, consultation’s referral and requester, and final orientation.

Results

The sample was mainly composed by female; the average age was 18.7 (± 2.0) years. Leading symptoms were divided into three dimensions: internalizing (67.5%), externalizing (21.8%) and psychotic (10.7%). Leading symptom differed according to sex (p<0.001), with internalizing symptoms more frequent in women, externalizing and psychotic symptoms more frequent in men. Patients presenting psychotic symptoms were significantly older than both those with internalizing (p=0.016) and externalizing symptoms (p=0.008). After first assessment, 81.5% of youth were followed-up in our specific outpatient program, without any difference according to sex (p=0.081) or leading symptom (p=0.092). Overall and final psychiatric orientation are showed in the flowchart.

Conclusions

This TAY-tailored psychiatric outpatient program represents an innovative contribution to reinforce CAMHS-AMHS interface in French-speaking Belgium. This study enlightens the importance to enhance clinical expertise in youth mental health. Classical boundaries, determined by artificial variables such as age or type of psychopathology, do not seem to be efficient criteria to achieve a good quality psychiatric evaluation and continuity of care in TAY.

Disclosure

The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest. The study was carried out as part of the University Chair “Psychiatry in Transition in a World in Transition” (Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB) with the support of Julie Renson Fund, the Queen Fa
The impact of maternal SARS-COV-2 infection in early stages of newborn neurodevelopment: preliminary results in a multicenter Spanish study
Authors: Castro Quintas Á. , San Martín N. , De Las Cuevas I. , Eixarch E. , Daura-Corral M. , Lopez M. , De La Fuente Tomas L. , Garcia-Portilla M.P. , Fañanas L. , Ayesa-Arriola R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The consequences for the COVID-19 pandemic in the newborns of affected mothers remains unknown. Previous clinical experiences with other infections during pregnancy lead to considered pregnant women and their offspring especially vulnerable for SARS-COV-2. That is, the underlying physiopathological changes caused by the infection (e.g. storm of cytokines, micro-coagulation in placenta or vertical transmission) could clearly compromise fetal neurodevelopment.

Objectives

To analyze the impact of maternal SARS-COV-2 infection during pregnancy in early neurodevelopment of infants gestated during the COVID-19 pandemic period compared to those gestated immediately prior (2017-2021).

Methods

212 pregnant women (14% infected) were followed throughout their pregnancy and postpartum, including newborn development. SARS-COV-2 infection was serologically confirmed during pregnancy. The Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale (NBAS) was administered at 6 weeks old by a trained neonatologist to evaluate neurological, social and behavioral aspects of newborn’s functioning. Differences in NBAS scores between cases and controls were tested by ANOVAs. All the analysis were adjusted for maternal age, sociodemographic status, anxious-depressive symptomatology, infant’s sex and gestational age at birth and NBAS, and for the period of gestation (previous or during COVID-19 pandemic).

Results

NBAS social interactive dimension was significantly decreased in those infants exposed to prenatal SARS-COV-2 (F=4.248, p=.043), particularly when the infection occurred before the week 20 of gestation. Gestation during COVID-19 pandemic did not alter NBAS subscales.

Conclusions

SARS-COV-2 infection during pregnancy seems to be associated with lower NBAS scores on social dimension in 6 weeks old exposed newborns.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Pharmacogenetics and antidepressant treatment outcomes in pregnancy: a Danish-population based study
Authors: Mushtaq M. , Ishtiak-Ahmed K. , Thirstrup J. , Gasse C.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Depression in pregnancy is common and often requires treatment with antidepressant drugs. Most antidepressants are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system (CYP), in particular CYP2C19 and -2D6, both of which are genetically polymorphic. Additionally, the activity of these enzymes is altered during pregnancy.

Objectives

To investigate pharmacogenetic variability regarding CYP2C19 and -2D6 in pregnant users of antidepressants and treatment outcomes.

Methods

The study population comprises all women born between 1981-1999, who gave birth to at least one child before December 2015 identified from the large Danish population-based iPSYCH2012 case-cohort study sample linked to information on genetic variants, prescription drug use and outcome data. Pharmacogenetic genotypes and phenotypes of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 will be categorized into poor, (PM), intermediate, (IM), extensive, (EM), rapid (RM) and ultra-rapid metabolizers (RM) using array-based SNP information. Antidepressant drug use and comedication during pregnancy will be assessed based on prescription data. Outcomes include treatment discontinuation, switching and psychiatric hospitalizations. Cox regression analysis will be performed to estimate the hazard ratios comparing the rates of the different outcomes in people with different phenotypes, compared with EM adjusted for a number of confounding factors.

Results

Based on previous research we will be able to identify approximately 6531 pregnant women with a psychiatric history. Among those, we estimate to find 14 PM, 161 IM, 285 EM, 168 RM and 25 UM of CYP2C19, and 27 PM, 218 IM and 408 EM of CYP2D6. Exposure to antidepressants is estimated at 10%.

Conclusions

We expect to be able to present the results at the conference.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Predicting treatment resistance in people with a first-episode of psychosis using commonly recorded clinical information
Authors: Osimo E.F. , Perry B. , Mallikarjun P. , Murray G. , Howes O. , Jones P. , Upthegrove R. , Khandaker G.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

23% of people experiencing a first episode of psychosis (FEP) develop treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS). At present, there are no established methods to accurately identify who will develop TRS from baseline.

Objectives

In this study we used patient data from three UK early intervention services (EIS) to investigate the predictive potential of routinely recorded sociodemographic, lifestyle and biological data at FEP baseline for the risk of TRS up to six years later.

Methods

We developed two risk prediction algorithms to predict the risk of TRS at 2-8 years from FEP onset using commonly recorded information at baseline. Using the forced-entry method, we created a model including age, sex, ethnicity, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase levels and lymphocyte counts. We also produced a machine-learning-based model, including an additional four variables. The models were developed using data from two and externally validated in another UK psychosis EIS.

Results

The development samples included 785 patients, and 1,110 were included in the validation sample. The models discriminated TRS well at internal validation (forced-entry: C 0.70, 95%CI 0.63-0.76; LASSO: C 0.69, 95%CI 0.63-0.77). At external validation, discrimination performance attenuated (forced-entry: C 0.63, 0.58-0.69; LASSO: C 0.64, 0.58-0.69) but recovered for the forced entry model after recalibration and revision of the lymphocyte predictor (C: 0.67, 0.62-0.73).

Conclusions

The use of commonly recorded clinical information including biomarkers taken at FEP onset could help to predict TRS. These measures should be considered in future studies modelling psychiatric outcomes.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Antidepressant discontinuation manias: a new bipolar subtype?
Authors: Abou Kassm S. , Naja W.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Antidepressant withdrawal manic states are rare and controversial phenomena. The underlying pathophysiology and the clinical implications have not been thoroughly discussed in the literature.

Objectives

We aimed to review reports of antidepressant discontinuation manic states and to discuss the different hypothetical pathophysiological changes underlying this phenomenon. We also argued in favor of its inclusion in the bipolar spectrum.

Methods

We searched Pubmed using the key words: ‘antidepressant withdrawal’ or ‘antidepressant discontinuation’ plus ‘mania’ or ‘hypomania’ from January 2008 until January 2018.

Results

Twenty-nine cases of antidepressant discontinuation manic states were identified. Hypotheses involve the implication of Catecholamines, Acetylcholine and Serotonin in the pathophysiology of this paradoxical phenomenon. The search for red flags for bipolar disorder in these case reports revealed psychiatric histories in favor of a bipolar spectrum disorder in 12 individuals while five were already known to have bipolar disorder.

Conclusions

Antidepressant discontinuation mania should be considered on the bipolar spectrum.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse in Major Depressive Disorder (RADAR-MDD): Recruitment, retention, and data availability in a longitudinal remote measurement study
Authors: Matcham F. , Leightley D. , Siddi S. , Lamers F. , White K. , Annas P. , De Girolamo G. , Difrancesco S. , Haro J.M. , Horsfall M. , Ivan A. , Lavelle G. , Li Q. , Lombardini F. , Mohr D. , Narayan V. , Oetzmann C. , Penninx B. , Simblett S. , Bruce S. , Nica R. , Wykes T. , Brasen J. , Myin-Germeys I. , Rintala A. , Conde P. , Dobson R. , Folarin A. , Stewart C. , Ranjan Y. , Rashid Z. , Cummins N. , Manyakov N. , Vairavan S. , Hotopf M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is prevalent, often chronic, and requires ongoing monitoring of symptoms to track response to treatment and identify early indicators of relapse. Remote Measurement Technologies (RMT) provide an exciting opportunity to transform the measurement and management of MDD, via data collected from inbuilt smartphone sensors and wearable devices alongside app-based questionnaires and tasks.

Objectives

To describe the amount of data collected during a multimodal longitudinal RMT study, in an MDD population.

Methods

RADAR-MDD is a multi-centre, prospective observational cohort study. People with a history of MDD were provided with a wrist-worn wearable, and several apps designed to: a) collect data from smartphone sensors; and b) deliver questionnaires, speech tasks and cognitive assessments and followed-up for a maximum of 2 years.

Results

A total of 623 individuals with a history of MDD were enrolled in the study with 80% completion rates for primary outcome assessments across all timepoints. 79.8% of people participated for the maximum amount of time available and 20.2% withdrew prematurely. Data availability across all RMT data types varied depending on the source of data and the participant-burden for each data type. We found no evidence of an association between the severity of depression symptoms at baseline and the availability of data. 110 participants had > 50% data available across all data types, and thus able to contribute to multiparametric analyses.

Conclusions

RADAR-MDD is the largest multimodal RMT study in the field of mental health. Here, we have shown that collecting RMT data from a clinical population is feasible.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Immune-endocrine biomarkers associated with mental health: a 9-year longitudinal investigation from the Hertfordshire Ageing Study
Authors: Hou R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Ageing is accompanied by the development of low-grade systemic inflammation which may promote changes in the neural systems predisposing to geriatric depression via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal associations between baseline values and conditional changes in immune-endocrine biomarkers and mental health status in a population-based cohort of older adults.

Methods

Data from 347 subjects(200 men, 147 women) who participated in the Hertfordshire Ageing Study at baseline(mean age 67.3 years) and at 9-year follow-up were analysed. Serum samples for analysis of inflammatory and endocrinological measures were collected at baseline and follow-up. At follow-up, depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and mental health(Short Form-36 questionnaire) were assessed. Baseline values and changes in biomarkers in relation to risk of high depression scores and low mental health scores were examined using logistic regression.

Results

Lower baseline cortisol was related to greater risk of high depression scores; higher baseline cortisol: Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ratio(men only) and higher baseline CRP(women only) were related to greater risk of poor mental health scores. In addition, greater decline in cortisol was related to increased risk of high depression scores among men. These relationships were robust(p<0.05) after controlling for sex, age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption and number of systems medicated.

Conclusions

This study provides further evidence of the role of the HPA and inflammation in older adults with poor mental health. In addition, the findings highlight sex differences where increased inflammation in women and declines in cortisol in men was linked to poorer mental health.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Estimation of future suicide risk in psychiatric inpatiens with 6-item questionnaire
Authors: Bélteczki Z. , Újvári J. , Rihmer Z.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Estimation of suicide risk is difficult task, and the clinical utility of different suicide risk scales is far from ideal.

Objectives

Previously we developed a 6-item clinician rated (yes/no) questionnaire (score range:0-28) that is able to detect current and past suicide risk with high sensitivity and specificity among acutely admitted psychiatric inpatients (Rihmer et al, 2017).

Methods

The 151 (75 suicidal and 76 non-suicidial) psychiatric inpatients, admitted between 1 November 2016 and 31 March 2017 were followed till 31 August 2021. Cases of completed suicides and suicide attempters receiving medical attention were recorded.

Results

During the 53-month follow-up 3 patients (2%) completed suicide (a 46 year old male with bipolar II disorder, a 57 year old female with schizoaffective disorder, a 55 year old male with schizoaffective disorder). Both of them were at baseline among the 75 suicidal inpatients and belonged to the group of “Marked suicide risk” (range:16-28 points) and scored 28,26 and 25 points, respectively. Suicide attempts have been made by 6 patients, all of them belonged to initially “Marked suicide risk” group (one initially non-suicidal, 16 points; 5 initially suicidal 22,26,26,26 and 28 points, respectively). 141 from the 151 patients received regular personal and/or on-line psychiatric care (including patients who died by suicide).

Conclusions

Despite the small number of suicidal cases, our results suggest that this short, simple questionnaire might be helpful not only in detecting current and past suicidality, but also predicting future risk among discharged psyciatric inpatients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Comorbid alcohol and cannabis use disorders increase mortality in patients with eating disorders
Authors: Stryhn L. , Mejldal A. , Guala M. , Støving R. , Stenager E. , Skøt L. , Mellentin A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Alcohol and cannabis use disorders are the most frequent comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs) among patients with eating disorders (EDs). EDs and SUDs involving alcohol and cannabis are independently associated with excess mortality.

Objectives

To investigate the impact of comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) on mortality in anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and unspecified eating disorder (USED) compared with matched control subjects.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was conducted using Danish nationwide registers. The risk of mortality among ED patients with/without AUD and/or CUD was compared to matched control subjects with/without AUD and/or CUD using hazard ratios (HRs).

Results

Of the 20,759 included ED patients, 4.7% and 4.3% had AUD and CUD, respectively. The corresponding figures for the 83,036 control subjects were 1.0% (AUD) and 1.3% (CUD). ED patients without SUDs exhibited an increased risk of mortality compared to control subjects without SUDs (adjusted HR 2.9, P<.001). Mortality risk was higher among ED patients with AUD (adjusted HR 11.8, P<.001) or CUD (adjusted HR 4.6, P<.001) compared to control subjects without AUD/CUD. In addition, patients with AN, BN, and USED, who had comorbid AUD and/or CUD, exhibited an elevated risk of mortality compared to control subjects without AUD/CUD (AN: adjusted HR 11.3, P<.001; BN: adjusted HR 5.9, P<.001; USED: adjusted HR 10.9, P<.001).

Conclusions

Comorbid AUD and/or CUD increase mortality risk in patients with EDs. In order to reduce mortality in ED patients, prevention and treatment of AUD and CUD is important.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Internet gaming disorder, aggression and psychological distress in young adults
Authors: Maia B.R. , Reis G.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Internet gaming has become a topic of interest since it has positive but also negative effects.

Objectives

To explore the relationship between internet gaming, aggression and psychological distress in young adults.

Methods

229 Portuguese subjects (55.5% females), with a mean age of 21.13 years old (SD = 2.075, range: 18-29) filled in the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21.

Results

The total score of internet gaming was of 15.90 (SD=6.32), 79.9% (n=183) of the sample used to play videogames and 24.5% (n=56) spent more than ten hours playing a week. Internet gaming was correlated with physical aggression (r=.23**), anger (r=.31**) and hostility (r=.35**); and with depression (r=.36**), anxiety (r=.28**), and stress (r=.31**). A Mann Whitney U test revealed significant differences in internet gaming disorder levels of males (Md=130.75, n=102) and females (Md=102.35, n=127), U=4871.000 z=-3.232, p=.001, r=4.49.

Conclusions

Internet gaming disorder is associated with aggression and psychological distress, and males presented higher internet gaming disorder levels. Future studies are needed to explore the bidirectional relationships between gaming disorder, aggression and psychological distress.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Gambling During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Skelin M. , Puljić A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

With the Covid-19 pandemic numerous questions about the behaviour of gambling addicts have risen, with the lockdown causing a lack of structure, peer supervision and support. The first reports have suggested an increase in activity and riskier choices.

Objectives

Our aim was to explore how the Covid-19 pandemic has influenced gambling habits.

Methods

Data was collected from companies in Germany and Croatia which provide online gambling services, and statistically analyzed.

Results

In Germany in April 2020, there was a 51.19% decrease in number of players when compared to April 2019, but a 116.46% rise in the number of tickets per player. In comparison, in April 2021 a rise of 704.43% occurred in number of active players compared to April 2020, with a 277.56% increase in ballots and a decrease in number of tickets per player by 53%. Additional results showed a 1.2% decrease in spendings on sports events in April 2020 compared to April 2019, but a 277.88% increase for sporting events spendings in April 2021. Preliminary results from Croatia show an increase in online gambling activities.

Conclusions

In 2020, despite a drop in active players, the increase in stakes and frequency of play resulted only in a slight decrease in sporting events spendings. In 2021 the recorded increase in all categories except in frequency, points to the idea that restoring life to usual rhythm reduces the frequency of an individual’s play. In conclusion, further research and monitoring of gambling addicts’ behaviour in the “new normal” is needed.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Alert plan-application “MySolutions” - lived experiences of users with a serious mental illness
Authors: Bom J. , Bruintjes J. , Sportel B.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

In daily life an alert or relaps prevention plan can be a helpful tool in preventing patients with severe mental illness (SMI) from relapse. However, patients often find it hard to keep the paper version close by. A smartphone version could be a solution. “MySolutions” is a webapplication providing the possibility to add e.g. pictures or music to the alert plan, which could be helping in time of need.

Objectives

To describe the lived experiences of patients with (SMI) with the webapplication ‘MySolutions’ and get insight in the helping and hindering characteristics of the application.

Methods

Qualitative research in a fenomenological framework. Eight interviews were held with outpatients with SMI. All interviews where methodically analyzed using the steps of Colaizzi (1978).

Results

In general, users were enthousiastic about the look and feel of the application. Using the application was considerd easy. Lived experiences of participants displayed the following themes: Autonomy, Acceptance, Frustration, Self confidence, and Reassurance. By practicing and adding photos and music, they perceived the webapplication to be a personal aid tool for experienced problems related to mental vulnerability in daily life. Participants also reported more difficulties in using the application in times of dysregulation.

Conclusions

The webapplication can be a valuable addition to the alert plan for people with SMI due to the possibility of personalization and the fact it is always available on a mobile phone. The application seems particularly suiting for people in a stabile phase. Future research should focus on phase of recovery in relation to use of the application.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Symptoms of anxiety/depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown in the community: longitudinal data from the TEMPO cohort in France
Authors: Andersen A.J. , Melchior M. , Mary-Krause M. , Herranz Bustamante J.J. , El Aarbaoui T. , Héron M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated preventive measures have an impact on the persons’ mental health, including increasing risk of symptoms of anxiety and depression in particular. Individual experiencing mental health difficulties in the past could be especially vulnerable during lockdown, however, few studies have tested this empirically considering preexisting mental health difficulties using longitudinal data.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to examine the longitudinal association between preexisting symptoms of anxiety/depression and symptoms of anxiety/depression during lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in a community sample.

Methods

Seven waves of data collection were implemented from March-May 2020. Generalized estimation equations models were used to estimate the association between preexisting symptoms of anxiety/depression and symptoms of anxiety/depression during lockdown among 662 mid-aged individuals from the French TEMPO cohort.

Results

We found an elevated odds ratio of symptoms of anxiety/depression (OR=6.73 95% [CI=4.45–10.17]) among individuals experiencing such symptoms prior lockdown. Furthermore, the odds of symptoms of anxiety/depression during lockdown was elevated among women (OR=2.07 [95% CI=1.32–3.25]), subjects with low household income (OR=2.28 [1.29–4.01]) and persons who reported loneliness (OR=3.94 [2.47–6.28]).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a strong relationship between preexisting symptoms of anxiety/depression and anxiety/
depression during the COVID-19 outbreak among mid-aged French adults. The findings underline the role of preexisting symptoms of anxiety/depression as a vulnerability factor of anxiety/depression during lockdown. Furthermore, the study shows that loneliness is independently associated with symptoms of anxious/depression, when controlling for prior anxiety/depression symptoms.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Mental Health Impacts of Quarantine: Insights from the COVID-19 International Border Surveillance Study in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Regehr C. , Goel V. , De Prophetis E. , Jamil M. , Mertz D. , Rosella L. , Bulir D. , Smieja M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Nations thorughout the world are imposing mandatory quarantine on those entering the country. While such measures may be effective in reducing the importation of COVID-19, the mental health implications remain unclear.

Objectives

This study sought to assess mental well-being and factors associated with changes in mental health in individuals subject to mandatory quarantine following travel.

Methods

Travellers arriving at a large urban international airport completed online questionnaires on arrival and days 7 and 14 of mandated quarantine. Questionnaire items such as travel history, mental health, attitudes towards COVID-19, and protection behaviours were drawn from the World Health Organization Survey Tool for COVID-19.

Results

There was a clinically significant decline in mental health over the course of quarantine among the 10,965 eligible participants. Poor mental health was reported by 5.1% of participants on arrival and 26% on day 7 of quarantine. Factors associated with greater decline in mental health were younger age, female gender, negative views towards quarantine measures, and engaging in fewer COVID-19 prevention behaviours.

Conclusions

While the widespread use of quarantine may be effective in limiting the spread of COVID-19, the mental health implications are profound and have largely been ignored in public policy decision-making. Psychiatry has a role to play in contributing to the public policy debate to ensure that all aspects of health and well-being are reflected in decisions to isolate people from others.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The moderated mediating effect of gender in the relationship between unemployment, depression, and suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic: An examination based on big data
Authors: Noh Y. , Kim H.A. , Lee S.B.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic, and the consequent recession, have caused a decline in the job market, with the resultant job insecurity increasing the risk of depression. While this affected all genders, suicidal thoughts were observed to be more common among women than men, suggesting that the impact of unemployment on depression varies by gender, with gender differences affecting the outcome of depression.

Objectives

This study aims to verify the moderating effect of gender on the structural relationship between unemployment, depression, and suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic by using online search trend data.

Methods

The study utilized the search trend data from Naver’s Data Lab service, by analyzing the searches of men and women under 65, between March, 2020 and September 12, 2021. The search terms were “unemployment,” “depression,” and “suicide.” The analysis examined 1121 searches using the Model 7 research model through the SPSS Process Macro to verify the moderating effect of gender on the mediating pathways for unemployment, depression, and suicide.

Results

We observed that searches for “unemployment” significantly increased with searches for “depression” (B=1.860, p<.001) and “suicide” (B=.860, p<.001). The analysis further revealed that the correlation between the increase in searches relating to depression and unemployment was seen more in women than men. This resulted in an accompanying increase in the volume of searches for suicide (B=2.341, p<.001).

Conclusions

The job insecurity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic led to varying degrees of depression according to gender. Thus, social security measures related to unemployment, depression, and suicide interventions require a gender-specific approach.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Does culture affect How Mental Health Is Treated And Diagnosed- What Is The Future Of It
Authors: Musolo C. , Beezhold J.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Culture is used to refer to the aspects of thinking, feeling, and behaviour related to nation, heritage, place of birth and ethnicity. I look at how the cultural context of mental disorders and the cultural context of mental disorders and the challenges of addressing ethnic diversity in psychiatric services because there is an over-representation of black people detained under the MHA.

Objectives

My aim is to understand what current data shows and use this to find a way forward which identify issues with culture and independently and challenge policies, services systems and address culture in clinical practice to provide culture complement care.

Methods

. research on rates of detention

Results

The MHA acts tells us POC are 4 times more likely to be detained, arrested under 136 twice as much, and are 8 times as likely to be put on CTOS. 40% of black people will more likely asses care through the police system. (mind.org, Uk) This further shows us just how unrepresented POCs are when it comes to their diagnosis, treatment, and care, especially compared to their white counterparts.

Conclusions

In conclusion regulatory bodies and clinicians have to work towards understanding and identifying the reasons for these disparities and then implementing measures to address this. Such as putting people of color in higher positions in mental health positions in mental health positions to add diversities, also teaching the staff members and other people in high positions of power how much culture really impacts mental health, culturally appropriate advocacy, and improving research done.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Modifying Psychiatric Approaches to Respond Better to Indigenous People in Maine (North America)
Authors: Mehl-Madrona L. , Mainguy B. , Sockabasin L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Psychiatry has typically underserved indigenous people and immigrants. Indigenous people have different ways of viewing mind and mental health and conventional Euro-American psychiatry has not always acknowledged that.

Objectives

We wanted to modify conventional psychiatric approaches to better serve our indigenous population. We worked together to determine what that would be, gained feedback from indigenous patients and practitioners, and wanted to describe what we learned in an autoethnographic fashion.

Methods

We engaged each other, indigenous practitioners within the community and indigenous patients in an ongoing discussion of how psychiatry should change to be relevant to indigenous people. We monitored our own process in an autoethnographic fashion.

Results

1. The typical DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) or ICDA (International Classification of Diseases) categories were difficult to apply to the lives of many of these patients, given the high levels of trauma both experienced and transmitted epigenetically (inter-generational trauma). A power-threat-meaning framework appeared to be a more useful adjunct to these classifications along with trauma-informed perspectives. 2. Conventional cognitive behavior therapy was less accepted given its emphasis on rational thinking, while narrative approaches were more successful, given the widespread uses of stories and storytelling in these cultures and the emphasis on relationship as more important than rationality. 3. Trained peer counselors were very helpful. 4. Bringing culture (language, songs, ceremonies, elders, arts) into treatment was highly desirable.

Conclusions

Psychiatric services to indigenous and immigrant communities should focus on empowerment through community-based, participatory methods, facilitating local problem solutions, and involving traditional elders, local government, and other stakeholders.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Virtual Reality Cognitive Remediation for Mood disorders: RCT pilot study
Authors: Lipskaya-Velikovsky L. , Cohen D. , Livian-Carmel D. , Eger G.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Mood disorders interrupt well-being and participation in everyday activities through, among others, a mechanism of cognitive impairments. Ample evidence was found for cognitive remediation (CR) effectiveness in various mental health conditions. However, its contribution to improvement of functional outcomes in mood disorders was little investigated. Virtual Reality (VR)-based CR has a potential to overcome limitations by enabling training on daily-life tasks in ecological environments.

Objectives

Test the effectiveness of VR-based vs standard CR for improvement of cognition, functional capacity and participation in daily-life activities in mood disorders.

Methods

Twenty-two individuals (female: N=13, 59.1%; Age: M=39, SD=13.4) diagnosed with major depression or bipolar disorder were randomly assigned either to the standard or VR-based CR. The participants completed 6 half-an-hour sessions using the Functional Brain Trainer (Intendu©), a body-controlled, adaptive tool for training of inhibition, planning, working memory, shifting, self-initiation, persistence, and attention in functional tasks and environments. Standard assessments were used to evaluate cognition, functional capacity, mood symptoms and participation dimensions in pre-post design.

Results

VR-based CR contributes to improvement in memory, executive functions and construction (2<Z<2.23, p<.05), functional capacity (Z=-2.44, p<.01) and satisfaction with participation (Z= -1.9, p<.01). Standard CR contributes to executive functions (Z=2.33, p<.05), and functional capacity (Z=-2.35, p<.05).

Conclusions

This study provides initial evidence for contribution of CR to functional outcomes in mood disorders, with advantages of VR-based modality, suggesting the potential of CR to improve treatment outcomes and well-being in this population. Larger, controlled trials are needed to further expand evidence for VR-based CR effectiveness.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Consequence of the magnocellular dysfunction on processing facial affect recognition in Schizophrenia
Authors: Marosi C. , Fodor Z. , Csukly G.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Magnocellular deficit in visual perception and impaired emotion recognition are core features of schizophrenia, however their relationship and the neurobiological underpinnings are still unclear.

Objectives

The aim of our research was to investigate the oscillatory background of perception and emotion recognition in schizophrenia and to examine the relationship between these processes.

Methods

Thirty-nine subjects with schizophrenia and forty healthy controls subjects were enrolled in the study; the two study groups did not differ in age, gender and education. In the visual paradigm the participants viewed magnocellular biased low-spatial frequency (LSF) and parvocellular biased high-spatial frequency (HSF) Gabor-patches and in the second paradigm happy, sad and neutral faces were presented, while 128-channel EEG was recorded.

Results

Significantly weaker theta (4-7 Hz) event related synchronisation (ERS) was observed in patients compared to controls in the LSF condition, whereas in the HSF condition there was no difference between the two groups. Event related changes in theta amplitude were also found to be significantly weaker in patients compared to healthy controls in the emotion recognition task, which difference was disappeared after correction for ERS to LSF condition. In the correlational analysis theta activity in the magnocellular biased stimuli correlated significantly with theta activity in the emotion recognition task, while theta to parvocellular biased stimuli showed no similar correlation with emotion recognition.

Conclusions

In schizophrenia, emotion recognition impairments are closely related to the dysfunction of the magnocellular system, which supports the bottom-up model of schizophrenia.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The effects of reading literary fiction on the measurement and development of mentalization skills among schizophrenic patients
Authors: Fekete J. , Tényi T. , Pótó Z. , Varga E. , Herold R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Following the mentalization of interpersonal relations can be improved through reading for which the influence of literary fiction can also serve as a model. Schizophrenia is characterized by extensive deficits in mentalization, and the amelioration of these impairments is a major focus in psychosocial treatment research. Reading literature can be a potential tool in improving mentalizing skills.

Objectives

We aimed to examine and compare healthy participants with patients living with schizophrenia, focusing on measuring mentalizing skills and the impact of reading literary fiction on their mentalization skills.

Methods

47 persons with schizophrenia in remission and 48 healthy controls were assessed and compared with Short Story Task (SST) a new measurement of ToM. SST proved to be a sensitive tool, to individual differences. After reading the short story “The End of Something” (Hemingway) a structured interview was done with 14 questions.

Results

We found that patients with schizophrenia performed significantly worse in their ToM scores compared to healthy controls (ANOVA test, p<0,05 ). Previous reading experiences correlated significantly with mentalizing scores not just in healthy controls (Independent Samples T-test, p<0,05) but also in patients with schizophrenia. ToM scores were twice as high among those who had prior reading experiences in the schizophrenia group ((MS= 3,91, SD=3,166, M=8,08, SD=4,542; p<0,05, t=-3,509).

Conclusions

We found that mentalization skills could be improved by regular reading. Our results could also be influenced by several other factors such as empathy skills, identification with the characters etc. Our results and conclusions are in line with the results of international research on this topic.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.