bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Hope As Practice
Authors: Sharma Natasha , Alexander Sandra
Published: November 2024

Low-income neighbourhoods in our cities are often poorly-planned spaces that exacerbate socioeconomic disparities their residents face. These inequities also impact their health, especially communities in the Global South who are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. One such example of an inadequately planned rehabilitation neighbourhood is Natwar Parekh in Mumbai’s Govandi. Over 25, 000 former slum dwellers - the population of a tier 3 city - have been crammed into 61 seven-storey buildings, with 80% homes having little to no access to sunlight or ventilation. The area is flanked by Asia’s largest landfill and polluting industries, creating an unhealthy environment with poor air quality and contamination. Tuberculosis and other diseases are on the rise here and the average life expectancy is just 39 years, almost half the national average. Govandi is ghettoised and neglected by the rest of Mumbai. Children who grew up here hesitate to mention their address because of the stigma attached to living here. Burdened by this shame and loss, Govandi’s youth came together seven years ago to work with a group of artists and urban practitioners from Community Design Agency (CDA), a social design organisation, to reimagine their neighbourhood. Together, they have redesigned garbage-filled alleyways into accessible streets, painted vibrant murals, and held the first-ever Govandi Arts Festival that allowed them to redefine their narratives of the place they call home. These initiatives have brought the community closer, made them more resilient, and even prompted spatial improvements by city authorities who were forced to turn their gaze here.  This essay explores the interlinkages between spatial improvements via arts and placemaking initiatives and their effects on the physical and emotional well-being of Govandi’s youth. Urban practitioners Natasha Sharma and Sandra Alexander from CDA explore methodologies for regenerative place-making in this vulnerable neighbourhood.
Play for All
Authors: Elshafie Salma Mohamed Mahmoud , Spinaci Anne-Sophie , Keleg Merham M.
Published: November 2024

The practice of play, encompassing physical activity and social connectedness, exerts a positive effect on communities’ health and overall urban quality of life. Depending on design and social dynamics, public spaces in cities can be more or less welcoming for young women. Public spaces in Cairo, Egypt, lack playful elements that attract young women to partake in physical activities. This study seeks to identify and assess the current situation of physical activity and play in Cairo for young women. This shall be achieved through exploring their experiences with means of appropriation of public spaces and empowerment, according to the cultural norms, safety concerns and physical design elements. To do so, the study used digital ethnography to gain an understanding of the types of activities young women engage in public spaces and their modes of collective organisation. Observations across the city have then been conducted, and the three neighbourhoods of Al Rehab, Madinati and Zamalek have been selected to pursue more in-depth field observations and interviews. Doing so highlighted the challenges and the opportunities these young women face, shedding light on ways to strengthen their use of play-based urban forms and sports infrastructures in public spaces. The study finds that to pursue physical activity, young women tend to privilege certain safer urban spaces, such as Gated Communities and temporalities allowing for less risks of street harassment. Social media platforms have been understood as instruments for collective organisation, catalysing and multiplying female physical activity in Cairo’s public spaces. The study suggests that the use of social media platforms can be instrumentalised for young women’s empowerment in shaping diverse public spaces and placemaking processes. In the end, the research sheds light on the pathways forward to enhance young women’s engagement in the design and use of playful and active public spaces in culturally sensitive contexts.
Case Study in Girl-led Placemaking
Authors: Tun Lwin Swan Yee
Published: November 2024

The Mya Malar community park in Yangon, Myanmar, is an innovative, girl-led placemaking project that stands as a noteworthy case study demonstrating the impact of youth engagement and participatory design on their health and well-being. Completed in 2018 as part of the SPRING Accelerator Program, the project was spearheaded by 15 local girls aged 13 to 18 in collaboration with the community under the guidance of Doh Eain, a local multidisciplinary participatory design practice. Like many societies, girls in Myanmar face significant challenges in accessing and utilising public spaces, often grappling with concerns for their safety and a sense of exclusion from the communal environments. Rather than resorting to the default solution of restricting them to their homes, the Mya Malar project deliberately positioned the girls at the helm of the initiative enabling them to be a key part of the entire process from brainstorming to implementation. The project’s significance is further underscored by its contribution to altering the prevailing dynamics of community representation in Yangon. Traditionally dominated by affluent Bamar Buddhist males, the Mya Malar park represented a crucial departure, offering a unique platform for young girls to shape their surroundings by actively navigating the complexities of city systems and participating in urban governance in a city characterised by limited opportunities for youth involvement. The positive outcomes of the project encompassed improvements in the health and well-being of the local youth. By creating a gender-equitable environment, the space promoted an active lifestyle and nurtured social cohesion within the community for a wider demographic, while fostering the soft skills and interpersonal competencies of the participating girls. Its successful amalgamation of social inclusivity, youth civic engagement, and participatory design serves as a testament to the transformative potential of collaborating with youths to shape sustainable and empowering urban environments.
Anthropology, Empire, and Resistance: French Colonial Ethnography, American Intervention, and the Moroccan Struggle in The Riffian
Authors: Youssefi Imad
Published: November 2024

This article explores the complex relationship between anthropology, colonialism, and resistance in Morocco by analyzing the works of Edmond Doutté, Robert Montagne, and Carleton Coon. It investigates how French and American anthropologists approached Moroccan society, drawing comparisons between their methods and objectives. The analysis highlights how anthropology was used as both a tool for governance and a form of cultural critique. Particular attention is given to Carleton Coon’s novel The Riffian, which serves as a unique case study, blending ethnographic insight with fiction. The article argues that these anthropologists’ work reflects the tensions between colonial power, scholarly inquiry, and cultural identity. The findings illustrate that while anthropology often served imperial interests, it also provided spaces for anti-colonial narratives and deeper understandings of Moroccan life.
Exploring Systemic and Behavioral Factors Influencing Corruption in Public Procurement: A Global Comparative Study
Authors: Robert Agwot Komakech
Published: November 2024

Public procurement is particularly vulnerable to corruption due to the substantial financial transactions and discretionary powers involved. Inadequate governance structures and cultural norms often exacerbate this vulnerability. This study explores the systemic and behavioral factors contributing to corruption in public procurement through a global comparative lens, focusing on regions including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and the Americas. Systemic factors, such as weak legal frameworks, lack of transparency, and institutional weaknesses, are analyzed alongside behavioral influences, such as cultural norms, individual ethical considerations, and moral disengagement. By conducting a comprehensive literature review, this study consolidates existing knowledge to pinpoint areas for improvement and emerging trends concerning procurement corruption. The research reveals that corruption in public procurement is deeply ingrained in both institutional frameworks and the cultural context in which procurement occurs. It recommends an integrated anti-corruption strategy combining structural reforms, such as bolstering regulatory oversight, with behavioral interventions to reshape cultural norms and foster ethical behavior. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and academics, emphasizing the necessity of tailored and multifaceted approaches to combat procurement corruption effectively. The study's results enrich the theoretical understanding of corruption by connecting structural and behavioral strategies, guiding policymakers and international organizations striving to promote transparency and accountability in public procurement.
Prediction of Tempe Raw Material Needs for Home Industry Using Tsukamoto Fuzzy Logic Algorithm
Authors: Agnes Putria Mukti  , Tri Widodo
Published: November 2024

The home tempeh industry is faced with the challenge of accurately predicting raw material needs. Implementing an effective prediction system can help estimate the amount of tempeh production in the future, so as to avoid stock shortages of raw materials. In addition, when tempeh producers have accurate predictions, they can manage soybean stocks better, especially when there is a stock shortage, so that production is not affected by rising soybean prices. This research aims to develop a Tsukamoto Fuzzy Logic based prediction system to overcome this problem. Research methods include collecting historical production data, designing fuzzy models, and system testing. Interim results show that the developed system is able to increase prediction accuracy by up to 95%, which in turn can reduce production costs and minimize waste of raw materials.
Smart Screening Ulkus Diabetik
Authors: Merdekawati Diah , Astuti Ani , Kurniawati Eti , Azzahira S Nyimas Putri , Permadita Shelly Putri
Published: November 2024

ABSTRAK Semakin banyak penyandang diabetes mellitus, semaikn besar angka kejadian ulkus. Puskesmas Simpang Kawat Kota Jambi adalah salah satu Puskesmas yang memiliki peningkatan jumlah penderita diabetes mellitus. Menjadi tugas penting bagi petugas kesehatan serta kader Posyandu dalam mencegah terjadinya peningkatan angka kejadian ulkus diabetik. Tujuan pelatihan smart screening yaitu meningkatkan kompetensi kader posyandu lansia dalam menilai resiko ulkus pada penyandang diabetes mellitus. Kegiatan diawali dengan pemberian materi tentang diabetes mellitus dan skrining ulkus diabetik serta pengenalan dan penggunaan aplikasi smart screening ulkus diabetik. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan pada peserta tentang skrining ulkus diabetik baik secara manual maupun dengan aplikasi. Kata Kunci: Smart Screening, Ulkus Diabetik  ABSTRACT The more people with diabetes, the greater the risk of developing diabetic ulcers. Simpang Kawat Health Center, Jambi City is one of the health centers that has an increasing number of diabetes mellitus sufferers. It is an important task for health workers and posyandu cadres to prevent an increase in the incidence of diabetic ulcers. The aim of this smart screening training is to increase the knowledge and skills of elderly posyandu cadres in assessing the risk of ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus. The activity began with providing material about diabetes mellitus and diabetic ulcer screening as well as the introduction and use of the diabetic ulcer smart screening application. There was an increase in participants' knowledge and skills regarding diabetic ulcer screening both manually and with applications. Keywords: Smart Screening, Ulcus Diabetic
Peningkatan Self Efficacy Lansia dalam Menghadapi Bencana Melalui Edukasi dan Simulasi dengan Media Booklet Kesiapsiagaan Bencana
Authors: Sitohang Tiur Romatua , Yusniar Yusniar
Published: November 2024

ABSTRAK Pentingnya kesadaran dari masyarakat untuk dapat ikut serta dalam upaya penanggulangan bencana secara non fisik sangat dibutuhkan. Sehingga perlu ada suatu pemahaman dari masyarakat tentang cara-cara menghadapi risiko bencana yang sewaktu-waktu dapat mengancam keselamatan mereka yang dapat diberikan melalui peningkatan self efficacy masyarakat. Penilaian individu terhadap kemampuannya dalam melaksanakan tugas dapat mempengaruhi kesiapsiagaan terhadap bencana. Self efficacy individu yang mempunyai keyakinan dan kemampuan untuk bertindak atau mengendalikan situasi jika terjadi bencana. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan dalam bentuk  edukasi dan simulasi pada lansia berjumlah 40 orang. Tujuan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini adalah untuk mewujudkan pengabdian kepada masyarakat sebagai salah satu kegiatan Tri Darma Perguruan Tinggi dan meningkatkan Self Efficacy Lansia Dalam Menghadapi Bencana Melalui Edukasi Dengan Media Booklet Kesiapsiagaan Bencana. Dari hasil evaluasi diperoleh 97,5 %  lansia memiliki self efficacy positif. Diharapakan kepada lansia dapat meningkatkan             agar dapat menunjang upaya kesiapsiagaan bencana dengan maksimal, sehingga berbagai dampak yang ditimbulkan dari bencana dapat dicegah atau diminimalisir Kata Kunci: Self Efficacy, Edukasi, Kesiapsiagaan, Lansia   ABSTRACT The importance of public awareness to be able to participate in non-physical disaster management efforts is very much needed. So there needs to be an understanding from the community about ways to deal with disaster risks which at any time can threaten their safety which can be provided through increasing community self-efficacy. An individual's assessment of their ability to carry out their duties can influence disaster preparedness. Self-efficacy is an individual who has the confidence and ability to act or control the situation if a disaster occurs. Community service was carried out in the form of education and simulation for 40 elderly people. The aim of this Community Service is to realize community service as one of the Tri Darma activities of higher education and increase the Self-Efficacy of the Elderly in Facing Disasters through Education with Disaster Preparedness Booklet Media. From the evaluation results, it was found that 97.5% of elderly people had positive self-efficacy. It is hoped that the elderly can increase their self-efficacy so that they can support disaster preparedness efforts optimally, so that various impacts resulting from disasters can be prevented or minimized Keywords: Self Efficacy, Education, Preparedness, Elderly
ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN UKRAINE: EXPECTATIONS AND REALITY
Authors: Riepin Pavlo
Published: November 2024

Background: As digital interactions and transactions grow, people are more inclined to participate if they feel secure and assured of fair procedures. However, online dispute resolution is still rarely used in Ukraine due to a lack of regulations. This research article provides a legal analysis of online dispute resolution (ODR) in Ukraine, concentrating on defining the ODR landscape, as well as on considering its potential in e-commerce and traditional court proceedings. Besides, the article presents a vision and proposals for the future adoption of European laws in Ukraine while discussing the current challenges in the online justice system that hinder its successful implementation. As a result, the article emphasises the need for an adequate legal instrument to regulate ODR in Ukraine, particularly in the context of e-commerce. It highlights the importance of implementing EU legislation, developing ODR platforms and ADR institutions, and ensuring their decisions are binding. It also addresses the challenges related to remote hearings in the judiciary during different circumstances and suggests adopting cloud-based case management to improve efficiency and reduce the risk of document destruction.

Methods:
The research methodology for this study on online dispute resolution in Ukraine included a comprehensive literature review, a comparative analysis of ODR systems in European countries, and a systems analysis to forecast the future trajectory of ODR in Ukraine. This approach aimed to assess the current state of ODR in Ukraine, identify areas for improvement, and explore potential achievements and challenges in its implementation.

Results and conclusions:
The article concludes that Ukraine is in the process of establishing a legal framework for online dispute resolution, which is expected to progress further after the war. The implementation of EU legislation and the development of ODR platforms and ADR institutions are crucial, along with ensuring accessibility for all, including vulnerable groups without internet access. Related to online courts, it is necessary to address challenges such as judges' absence during remote hearings. It is also recommended that the process be expedited and the risk of document loss internally in the case management system minimised.
Worst case analysis, a video analysis approach to injury potential in traffic
Authors: Johnsson Carl , Laureshyn Aliaksei
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a method for evaluating the potential for injury in any traffic scenario involving road user interactions based on trajectory data from a few hours of data of typical traffic conditions. The basic idea was to evaluate to what extent interactions at a location are limited in speed, direction, and whether the interactions happen at a safe speed. Specifically, the method works by applying an existing injury model to the highest observed values at a specific point in space. The injury model is used to estimate a worst-case scenario at that point in space. By generating a heat map, it is possible to analyse a location and evaluate the injury potential at a location. The method does not provide a complete safety analysis with exposure or risk but instead focuses specifically on the potential consequences. The method is suitable for preliminary safety analyses that focus on determining areas of particular interest for further study.
Clearing the Air on the Efficacy of Hypoxia Recognition Training
Authors: Shaw David M. , Harrell John W. , Gant Nicholas , Peacock David S.
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxia recognition training (HRT) is a requirement for many nations’ military aircrew. The aim of HRT is to enhance the ability of aircrew to recognize and recover from an unexpected in-flight hypoxic exposure; however, there is a paucity of research evaluating the efficacy of HRT and whether current training approaches are optimal. Rather, the benefits of HRT are routinely promulgated based on opinions and anecdotes. Here, we raise some of our concerns with HRT practices in order to stimulate further discussion and research. Our aim is to ensure aircrew are provided with effective training to mitigate the risks associated with hypoxia—and other physiological threats—to promote flight safety.

Shaw DM, Harrell JW, Gant N, Peacock DS. Clearing the air on the efficacy of hypoxia recognition training. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(11):871–872.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Assessment and Aviation Safety Using Major Depression as a Reference
Authors: Vuorio Alpo , Bor Robert , Gray Alastair , Suhonen-Malm Anna-Stina
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in pilots is considered a threat to flight safety. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration has recently revised assessment pathways for applicants with attentional problems because of an increasing recognition that ADHD is a clinical condition with a broad symptom spectrum; some individuals may have a historical diagnosis which has been in remission for several years, while others may be using psychostimulants to enhance mental focus. This commentary compares major depression as a reference and its Federal Aviation Administration certification/clearance policy with those policies associated with ADHD. Major depression can be considered a model example of a mental disorder where appropriate treatment strategies such as medication have been demonstrated not to have adverse effects upon aviation safety. We wish to highlight that when reviewing certification and assessment practice guidelines for the assessment of pilots with ADHD, decisions must be based upon robust scientific evidence that has been obtained in aviation.

Vuorio A, Bor R, Gray A, Suhonen-Malm A-S. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder assessment and aviation safety using major depression as a reference. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(11):873–875.
POTATO STARCH MODIFICATION WITH BENZOIC ACID CHLORINE HYDRIDE
Authors: Shulga Sergii , Shulga Oksana
Published: November 2024

Starch is a natural polymer due to modification, acquires the necessary properties for the needs of the food, packaging and other industries. The following modification methods are known: physical, chemical and biological. Starches modified with chloride, phosphate, sulfate acids, acetic anhydride, acetic and succinic acids, potassium hydroxide, ammonium persulfate are industrially produced in many countries in the world. A numeric of works concerns the interaction of various starch types with fatty acid chlorides. In addition, native and modified starch are biodegradable and allows them to be used for the ecological materials. The potato starch modification with benzoic acid chloride was carried out and was confirmed by elemental analysis. There were changes in the vibration frequency bands of native starch in the uncharacteristic region in the IR spectra: the vibration frequency at 981.81 cm-1 increased and in the spectrum of the modified starch it lies at 1024.82 cm-1, the band with the vibration frequency of 923.07 cm-1 shifted to 866.66 cm-1, and the band with an oscillation frequency of 609.79 cm-1 shifted to 672.22 cm-1,which indicates a change in the uncharacteristic region of the native starch spectrum after acylation. A signal appeared at 7.3 ppm in the modified starch NMR spectrum, which is characteristic of the benzoin ring. However, it was impossible to determine the degree of starch glucopyranose acylation chains and determine the substituent position by NMR spectrum. There were changes in the appearance of starch, which was determined by microscopy: the characteristic potato starch grains shape, elongated oval grains were destroyed. The obtained modified product properties were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and it was established the modification changed the forms of moisture bonds with starch, the grains appearance, and the crystallinity degree decreased from 12 to 5%.
Analysis of Lead Metal Contents (Pb) in Various Cosmetic Dosage Forms Using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) Method
Authors: Permatasari Amelia Dyah , Syifa Dewi Musnifatus , Zabrina Leilani , Artanti Naura , Sari Novia , Desnita Syifa
Published: November 2024

Cosmetics are the preparations whose products are most widely used by people in all circles, from babies to adults. However, it is not uncommon to find dangerous substances contained in cosmetics, one of which is lead contamination, so it is necessary to test the dangerous substances in them. This review aims to provide information regarding the presence and levels of the heavy metal lead in various cosmetic samples using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry method and to analyze the dangers it causes. The method used is a literature review of articles with the keywords "cosmetics", "heavy metals", "lead pollution", "health risks" and "atomic absorption spectrophotometer" between 2019-2023. The results of the review that has been carried out are that the majority of cosmetics contain the heavy metal lead (Pb), either within the required limits or exceeding the required limits. The dangers posed by lead contamination in cosmetics used over a long period of time can be similar to acute or chronic toxic diseases, and can result in pathological changes in body organs such as the cardiovascular system, kidneys, bones, liver, potentially causing cancer and genetic changes. and the most fatal form of lead poisoning can cause death
PROFIL IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (K3) PADA KARYAWAN DI RUANG PACKING PT NARMADA AWET MUDA
Authors: Maulana Alfi , Aini Aini
Published: November 2024

The study aims to analyze Health, Accident, and Safety (K3) in employees at PT Narmada Awet Muda. The study uses quantitative descriptive methods. The purpose of this study is to conduct, inspect, investigate and evaluate risks at potentially hazardous places in the packing room of PT Narmada Muda. The sample used in this study was the entire worker on the packing part. Conclusions Implementation of the occupational health and safety program in the packing room of PT Narmada Awet Muda showed good results based on inspection investigation and risk assessment to prevent the occurrence of danger
Efikasi Intervensi Suplementasi Zat Gizi terhadap Pencegahan Stunting pada Anak Usia < 5 tahun - Studi Literatur
Authors: Ardianti Belinda , Sumarmi Sri
Published: November 2024

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in children under five whose nutritional status is measured based on height for age. One of the efforts to prevent stunting is through intervention or nutritional supplementation. In this review, we will discuss some of the efficacy of supplementation interventions in children under 5 years of age as an effort to reduce the incidence of stunting. This literature review was carried out through a search for journals on the PubMed database in the last 10 years (2011-2021) which resulted in 15 journals that fall into the inclusion criteria in this review. The results of the review show that there are 4 nutritional supplementation intervention methods applied to children under 5 years, including zinc supplementation, LNS supplementation (Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements), MNP supplementation (Micronutrient Powder) and vitamin D supplementation. Zinc and MNP supplementation interventions, the results showed that there was no effect between the intervention group and the control group on the incidence of stunting or linear growth in children. While the LNS supplementation method, the majority of journals show that there is a significant effect on reducing the incidence of stunting in children. This is because LNS is a supplementation product that combines macro and micro nutrients so that the handling of stunting or for prevention is more optimal. This literature study conclude intervention that has high efficacy in reducing the incidence of stunting is LNS supplementation.
Konstatasi Aspek Pengaturan Pariwisata Sesuai Konstitusi UUD NKRI 1945 dan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan
Authors: Sunarti Sri , Hatibie Irma Kharisma , Husain Yeristiawati
Published: November 2024

Pada dasarnya pariwisata memiliki peranan yang penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Hal yang perlu diperhatikan bahwa dalam pembangunan pariwisata harus memperhatikan aspek pengaturan hukumnya terutama dalam hal pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan. Untuk itu konstatasi terhadap peraturan yang mengatur tentang pariwisata merupakan suatu yang perlu dilakukan dalam rangka terciptanya harmonisasi dan singkronisasi pariwisata itu sendiri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis konstatasi aspek pengaturan pariwisata sesuai konstitusi dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Sementara penelitian ini adalah penelitian normative dengan menggunakan bahan hukum sebagai sumber utamanya. Pendekatan penelitian yakni pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan kasus.  Hasil penelitian bahwa konstatsi aspek pengaturan pariwisata sesuai konsitusi dan peraturan perundang-undangan dapat dilakukan dengan cara Pertama, sistematisasi peraturan yang berkaitan dengan pariwisata. Kedua, evaluasi terhadap peraturan pariwisata yang ada dimulai dari Konstitusi itu sendiri, Undang-Undang dan sesama Undang-Undang. Peraturan Pemerintah, Peraturan Menteri, Peraturan Daerah baik Provinsi maupun Kabupaten/Kota. Selain itu konstatasi merupakan upaya yang paling baik dalam menjaga keharmonisan dan singkronisasi peraturan perudang-undangan yang mengatur tentang pariwisata.
Ius Constituendum on the Doctrine of Unlawful Nature in the Law on the Eradication of Corruption After the Constitutional Court Decision Number 003/PUU-IV/2006
Authors: Nusa Apriyanto , Zainuddin Asriadi , Imran Suwitno Yutye , Darmawati Darmawati
Published: November 2024

The unlawful teachings in the explanation of Article 2 paragraph (1) of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption have been considered by the Constitutional Court as a norm that is contrary to the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945, and does not have binding legal force. This condition has legal implications for the meaning of unlawful elements in Article 2 paragraph (1) of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption, becoming vague (vague norm). The purpose of this study is to analyze the unlawful teachings in the Law on the Eradication of Corruption in Ius Constituendum. This research uses normative legal research, which formulates the aspired law (ius constituendum) on the meaning of the element against the law (wederrechtelijkeheid) in the Corruption Eradication Law after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 003/PUU-IV/2006. The results of the discussion show that by assessing the basis of the Constitutional Court's legal considerations (ratio decidendi) Number 003/PUU-IV/2006. The cancellation of the explanation of Article 2 paragraph (1) of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption which adheres to the teachings of the nature of the act of violating formal and material laws, because it is considered that the concept of materiele wederechtelijk, which refers to unwritten law, is an uncertain measure.  The unlawful element in Article 2 paragraph (1) of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption Crimes is still interpreted as against formiele wedderechtelijkeheid and against materiele wedderecjhtelijkeheid in its negative function. As for its positive function, it must be considered contrary to the principle of protection and fair legal certainty regulated in Article 28D of the 1945 Constitution.
REGULATING CRYPTOCURRENCIES – LEGAL CHALLENGES AND RISKS
Authors: Knoll-Csete Edit , Dr. Birher Nándor , dr. Varga Norbert
Published: November 2024

Bitcoin and Ethereum have become the centre of public attention in recent years. Both are cryptocurrencies, decentralised digital assets, it means, a set of codes that can be used as a currency. Their value is generated by the public agreement. The attractiveness of crypto assets is the safe and simple transactions between two parties without intermediaries. These digital currencies based on blockchain technology, always containing all transactions. Unfortunately, cryptocurrency is being a target for fraudsters and criminals because of the spread4 of the transaction. In addition to the technological innovations and financial opportunities by digital currencies raised without considering the ethical dimension, especially the ethics of money, because not everyone gets the same profit they generate. Anonymity of digital currencies can facilitate money laundering, terrorist financing and other illegal transactions. We are not concern about the energy consumption and environmental impact of cryptocurrencies. It is therefore necessary to effectively regulate cryptocurrencies in the fight against fraud and abuse and at the same time to protect participants of this market. The use of cryptocurrencies can make it difficult to identify which parties are involved (anonymity and pseudonyms), which encourages fraud, if it contains money laundering and other illegal activities. The price of cryptocurrencies can fluctuate significantly (volatility), which can also cause significant financial losses to investors. Cyberattacks, hacking incidents and technical errors can ultimately lead to the loss of crypto-assets (technological-security risks).
Social and Political Events in Turkey and the Position of Azerbaijani Intelligence (1914-1920)
Authors: Imanova Ayten
Published: November 2024

The proclamation of Turkish Republic on the 29th of October 1923 was an important event within the entire Turkic world. The first democratic Republic in the East was the Republic of Azerbaijan, which proclaimed independence on May 28 1918. On April 1920 Azerbaijan Democratic Republic has fallen as a result of Russian Bolsheviks occupation. Later the formation of a new Turkish Republic in the West has become an embodiment of hope for Turkic world to exist independently. Prior to the forming of Azerbaijan Republic, the true sons of Turkey became a great support for a young country and were excited about formation of the republic. Azerbaijanians for their part were supporting Turkey towards independence and also became the closest allies and comrades to Turks in this path. At the begining of 20th century the articles at magazines and papers, such as “Hayat”, “Fuyuzat”, “Teze Hayat”, “Achig soz” and “Caspian”, which were published within the support of Azerbaijan intellectuals, have gathered the society of Azerbaijani public for discussion of current at the moment historical events. The speeches of the eminent public figures (such as Ali bek Huseynzada, Akhmed Agaoglu, Alimardan bek Topchubashev, M.Makhmudbekov and Omar Faik) have played a significant role in national spirit rivival formation of patriotism and unity. Starting from the first decade of 20th century there were articles published, which call all muslim turkic nations for unity against the national opression, and in the movement for national independence during the First World War. The society of Azerbaijan has followed the changes, happening in the country and also abroad, especially in Turkey. The research of important topics, such as relationship and approach of Azerbaijan society to the development in Turkey, especially to Anatolian movement, are still valid and are of particular interest.
Religion And Education in Teachers` Seminaries and Pedagogical Courses in the Caucasus During the Tsarist Era
Authors: Taghiyeva Irada
Published: November 2024

The main goal of the research is to explain the function of teacher seminaries and pedagogical courses, to reveal the relationship between these educational institutions and religious education. At the same time, at the level of statistical data, we can observe the participation rate of the local Muslim population in Russian public schools, and thus the rate of Muslim teachers in the education system. In the study, the formation process of the educational system of Tsarist Russia was given a general overview, and it was seen that the Russian education system did not differ from the Azerbaijani education in terms of its close relationship with religion until the 18th century. This trend is an indication that the process of replacing religious education with secular education which corresponds to that period. The article provides information about the stages of the Russian education system, the purpose of creating teachers' seminaries and pedagogical courses in the secondary education category, statistics, curriculum, the place of religious education in these institutions, and the problems that manifest themselves here are described in a descriptive manner. When we look at the information related to religious education, it is seen that in the seminaries opened in accordance with the 1902 law, mother tongue and religious education was not given, but the objections of the local people were heard by the tsar officials and the teaching of these courses was started on the account of the charitable societies. Based on the report obtained on Islamic teaching, it is possible to say that Islamic history, Aqaid (creeds) and various prayers were taught in the seminary according to both sects. By the way, it is known that the mother tongue classes are also taught by religious teachers.
Propagation, Agitation, Persuasion, and Propaganda: A Comparative Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Jabarov Jahandar
Published: November 2024

The study aims to conduct a conceptual analysis of the terms persuasion, advocacy, propaganda, and propagation within the field of political science in Azerbaijan. Each term is examined individually to explore their usage areas and specific functions, highlighting the differences and similarities. In this context, propaganda is defined as the systematic and biased communication activity that manipulates the beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of masses to serve the interests of a particular political subject. Propagation refers to verbal or written activities aimed at disseminating and deepening any theory, idea, or knowledge among the masses. Agitation involves verbal or written activities aimed at influencing and motivating people to perform a specific task and exerting political influence over large populations. Persuasion, on the other hand, is the activity of influencing an individual's will and psyche to accept a certain idea, belief, or emotion. The article demonstrates that propaganda encompasses a broader and more complex scope, integrating the components of persuasion, propagation, and agitation. Consequently, in the field of political science in Azerbaijan, each of these terms has its unique functions and areas of usage. However, propaganda is a more comprehensive term that includes these concepts and combines manipulative strategies and methods to influence masses. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately and conceptually articulate the term propaganda in the field of political science in Azerbaijan. This is essential for expressing complex political technologies and ensuring the proper use of the term propaganda in international academic and practical applications.
TERRITORIAL DISPUTES AND THEIR RESOLUTION BETWEEN THE AZERBAIJAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC AND GEORGIA
Authors: Aliyeva Aysel
Published: November 2024

The concept of "territory" is of vital importance as one of the most important subjects of law and international relations. As is well known, territories can often be disputed either between states or within states. These disputes can lead to bigger conflicts later. The issue of disputed territories between Azerbaijan and Georgia revolves primarily around Borchali and Zagatala regions. The general information about Borchali region is that this region is mainly inhabited by ethnic Azerbaijanis and has historical ties with both Azerbaijan and Georgia. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the borders drawn during the Soviet era have become an object of controversy. The general information about Zagatala region is that Zagatala is located in the north of Azerbaijan, near the Georgian border. The region has ethnic and cultural significance for both countries. The current situation is that Zagatala, like Borchali, has a mixed population.
Could recent advances and new perspectives in science education and conceptual change improve public understanding of science?
Authors: Potvin Patrice , Bélanger Michel
Published: November 2024

This perspective article explores the intersection of science education advancements and public science understanding improvement efforts, critiquing the still prevalent “deficit model” of science communication. It argues for a nuanced approach, incorporating insights from conceptual change research and the coexistence of scientific and misconceived notions within learners. Highlighting the prospects and promises of representational pluralism, it suggests strategies for science communicators to foster public engagement, emphasizing the importance of young audiences, avoiding simplistic dichotomies, and promoting critical thinking. The piece advocates for mutual enrichment between science education and communication, aiming for a well-informed, epistemologically competent public capable of navigating the complexities of scientific discourse.
ActiveReach: an active learning framework for approximate reachability query answering in large-scale graphs
Authors: Raghebi Zohreh , Banaei-Kashani Farnoush
Published: November 2024

With graph reachability query, one can answer whether there exists a path between two query vertices in a given graph. The existing reachability query processing solutions use traditional reachability index structures and can only compute exact answers, which may take a long time to resolve in large graphs. In contrast, with an approximate reachability query, one can offer a compromise by enabling users to strike a trade-off between query time and the accuracy of the query result. In this study, we propose a framework, dubbed ActiveReach, for learning index structures to answer approximate reachability query. ActiveReach is a two-phase framework that focuses on embedding nodes in a reachability space. In the first phase, we leverage node attributes and positional information to create reachability-aware embeddings for each node. These embeddings are then used as nodes' attributes in the second phase. In the second phase, we incorporate the new attributes and include reachability information as labels in the training data to generate embeddings in a reachability space. In addition, computing reachability for all training data may not be practical. Therefore, selecting a subset of data to compute reachability effectively and enhance reachability prediction performance is challenging. ActiveReach addresses this challenge by employing an active learning approach in the second phase to selectively compute reachability for a subset of node pairs, thus learning the approximate reachability for the entire graph. Our extensive experimental study with various real attributed large-scale graphs demonstrates the effectiveness of each component of our framework.
α-klotho reduces susceptibility to osteoarthritis: evidence from cross-sectional studies and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Li Zhao , Li Zhong , Cheng Qisheng , Nie Xinlin , Cui Yu , Du Bing , Ren Taotao , Xu Yibo , Ma Teng
Published: November 2024

Background

Despite extensive research, the association between serum α-klotho levels and osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear, predominantly relying on findings from OA mouse models. This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to conduct a cross-sectional study examining the relationship between α-klotho and human OA. In addition, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to genetically infer a causal relationship between serum α-klotho and the three OA subtypes.

Method

A cohort of 12,037 subjects from NHANES (2007-2016) was analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to examine the association between α-klotho concentration and OA, alongside subgroup analysis and interaction tests. Additionally, a two-sample bi-directional MR analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between serum α-klotho and three OA subtypes, including all OA, hip OA, and knee OA, employing the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method as the primary approach.

Results

Following adjustment for covariates, a nonlinear negative correlation between serum α-klotho and OA was observed (OR=0.77; 95% CI, 0.68-0.88, p < 0.0001). The IVW method revealed that higher serum α-klotho levels were associated with decreased susceptibility to hip OA (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.98, P = 9.64×10-3). However, MR analysis did not establish a causal relationship between serum α-klotho and OA or knee OA. Inverse MR also indicated that the three subtypes of OA do not causally affect serum α-klotho concentrations.

Conclusions

In cross-sectional studies, α-klotho showed a nonlinear negative correlation with OA. MR analysis of outcomes was not identical to cross-sectional studies.
Measurement, dynamic evolution and pollution emission effects of the coupling of green finance and digital technology-evidence from China
Authors: Liu Ke , Du Ran , Xu Bo , He Jiaxin , Wang Zhaoping
Published: November 2024

This study uses the game theory combination weighting method to measure the level of coordinated development of green finance and digital technology coupling in China. An analysis was conducted using the Kernel density estimation method, traditional Markov chain model, and spatial Markov chain model to study the dynamic evolution characteristics and trends of the coupling and coordination level of green finance and digital technology in Chinese provinces. The results showed an upward trend in the coupling and coordination level of green finance and digital technology in the entire sample of Chinese, eastern, central, western, and northeastern provinces. Additionally, there is an observable club convergence phenomenon in the coordinated development of green finance and digital technology. The phenomenon of high-level convergence and low-level convergence is significant. The areas on the diagonal that are low-level and high-level have a higher probability of remaining stable. The Markov chain model and the spatial Markov chain model both show the “Matthew effect” in the level of coupling and coordinated development of green finance and digital technology. Empirical testing suggests that the coordinated horizontal development of green finance and digital technology can significantly promote pollution emission. Further analysis found that the coupling and coordination of green finance and digital technology achieves pollution emission by driving green innovation.
The spatio-temporal characteristics and dynamic evolution of coupling and coordinated development of innovation factor allocation and green economy in China
Authors: Geng Kangshun , Zhang Xiaotao , Jiang Hong , Zhuang Zixuan
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Measuring the coupling coordination degree between the innovation factor allocation system and the green economy development system, and deeply exploring the changing trends in the coupling coordination between innovation factors allocation, including their subsystems, and green economy development, are essential prerequisites for achieving a high degree of coupling coordination between the two systems.

Methods

This paper, based on panel data from 30 provincial regions in China from 2013 to 2022, measures the coupling coordination degree between innovation factor allocation and green economy development, including their subsystems, and explores the spatial differentiation characteristics of this coupling coordination across the provinces in China and its three major regions. First, an evaluation index system for the innovation factor allocation system and the green economy development system is constructed from both input and output perspectives. The entropy weighted TOPSIS method and the coupling coordination degree model are then employed to explore the temporal characteristics of the coupling coordination between innovation factor allocation and green economy development. Second, Dagum's Gini coefficient is used to reveal the directional distribution of coupling coordination and the sources of spatial disparities. Third, kernel density estimation and spatial Markov chain methods are applied to uncover the dynamic evolution of this coupling coordination.

Results and discussion

The study finds that the overall coupling coordination degree between innovation factor allocation and green economy development in China is relatively low, but it exhibits a continuous upward trend. From the perspective of regional disparities, the coupling level between innovation factor allocation and green economy development across Chinese provinces shows an imbalanced spatial distribution, characterized by higher levels in the east and lower levels in the west, with spatial disparities tending to widen. Inter-regional differences are the primary source of these spatial disparities, followed by intra-regional differences. While internal disparities within Eastern China are narrowing, they are expanding within the Central and Western China. The development processes in these regions are often influenced by neighboring spatial spillover effects. Finally, recommendations are proposed to enhance the coupling coordination degree between innovation factor allocation and green economy development in China.