bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of the Influence of the Variable Tidal of the Yangtze River on Optimal Operation of Adjustable-Blade in the Large Pumping Station
Authors: Zhang Li Hua , Qian Hai Tao
Published: October 2012

In this paper, a model that optimal daily operation(without considering peak and valley price) of single adjustable-blade pump unit in the large pumping station along the Yangtze River is established. Where the minimum cost of energy consumption of single pump unit is set as the objective function, the periods are defined as stage variables, the blade angle is expressed as a decision variable and the daily quantity of delivery water is considered as constraint. The No. 4 Jiangdu Pump Station is taken as a study case. Dynamic programming is adopted to carry out the tidal large pumping station along the Yangtze River. Through this method, under the condition of different water quantity constraint, different average pumping head and different average tidal range amplitude,the influence of the tidal variation on optimal operation of single pump unit in the pumping station is determined. The application results shows that: With the decreased of average pumping head and the increased of average tidal range, the effect of optimal operation of adjustable-blade pump unit in the pumping station along the Yangtze River is getting more and more obvious.
Analysis on Effect of Spatial Distribution of Rainfall on Runoff Modeling in Xixi Watershed of Jinjiang Basin
Authors: Gao Yang , Zhang Hong Mei , Xu Guo Wei
Published: October 2012

The effect of spatial distribution of rainfall is considered to be main uncertain factor for hydrologic simulation. Based on calibration and validation of the SWAT model, using the 15 rainfall stations data ，analyzed the effect of spatial distribution of rainfall on runoff modeling in Xixi Watershed of Jinjiang basin. The results show that the difference of the rainfall spatial distribution is very obvious by calculating standard deviation. The effect of the difference of rainfall spatial distribution to simulation results is significant by comparing runoff simulation of different years in which the average of all rainfall stations precipitation was similar. The uncertain spatial distribution of rainfall must be considered in the hydrological simulation.
Study on Relationship between Sediment Transport and Excess Pore Water Pressure under Regular Breaking Wave Action
Authors: Li Qing Feng , Cheng Yong Zhou , Pan Yun , Wang Wen Cheng
Published: October 2012

Based on the wave flume experiments, the response of excess pore water pressure was studied under the regular breaking wave action on a 1:30 slope sandy seabed. The topographic change was observed in the wave broken zone and its causes were analyzed. The results show that the variation gradient of excess pore water pressure are larger in the surface layer and the changing amplitude of variation gradient of excess pore water pressure is bigger in the wave broken zone. The water depth is the most influential factor of excess pore water pressure and the wave height and period has little influence on excess pore water pressure in the same wave steepness range in the wave broken zone. The topographic change is greatly in the wave breaking zone. Excess pore water pressures changing amplitude at the top are significantly higher than it at the bottom. When the seabed scours, the amplitude of the excess pore water pressure increases; and when the sand seabed accumulates, the amplitude of the excess pore water pressure decreases.
The Effect of Land Use and Land Cover Change on the Stream Structure: Case Study in the Qinhuai River Basin, China
Authors: Han Long Fei , Xu You Peng , Shi Yi
Published: October 2012

The effect of land use and cover change (LUCC) aroused heated topic in the field of hydrogen. Change of LUCC and its effect on the stream structure in the study area are analyzed in paper. The land use transfer matrix from 1979 to 2006 was built through GIS and RS technique to perform an analysis on the characteristic of the LUCC, and its effect on river system is discussed using river structure indices. Result shows that (1) the loss of the forest, paddy field and dry land has contributed most to the increase of the urban area (16.76%, 7.11% and 10.75% respectively). (2) Length and density of river are decreasing by 41% and stability of river (SR) is shortening, especially in the moderately urbanised area, whose SR reach to 0.67. The low-grade river disappears more and the stream structure is not as complex as before.
Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Saltwater Intrusion on Qingcaosha Reservoir
Authors: Gu Jie , Yang Ji Zhong , Chen Wei , Qin Xin , Ma Dan Qing , Wang Xiao Li
Published: October 2012

A 2D hydrodynamics and salinity numerical model for the Changjiang River Estuary was set up by using Delft3D-Flow. The calculation results agree well with the real measured data, which indicates the model can be used to analyze the salinity in the Changjiang River Estuary. The calculated results of saltwater intrusion in the dry season of dry year shows that the main influence style of the salinity on the water intake of the Qingcaosha reservoir is the saltwater spilling over it from the North Branch during the neap tide and the saltwater intrusion from the open sea through the South Branch during the spring tide. The saltwater spilling over from the North Branch forms a saline water mass near the Xinjian sluice during the late period of a spring tide, which takes 5 days to reach the water intake of the Qingcaosha Reservoir.
Analysis on Influences of Nanshatou Passage on the Deepwater Navigation Channel of the Changjiang Estuary
Authors: Gu Jie , Chen Wei , Qin Xin , Ma Dan Qing , Wang Xiao Li , Yang Ji Zhong
Published: October 2012

Based on the data of water depth in Nanshatou Passage, and the flow spilt ratio of the North Channel and the South Channel, the reasons for the sediment deposition in the Deepwater Navigation Channel of the Changjiang Estuary are explored. The sediment deposition in the Deepwater Navigation Channel of the Changjiang Estuary is affected by multi-factors, among these factors; the influences of the development of the Nanshatou Passage are significant. The development of the Nanshatou Passage leads to the increase of the ebb flow discharge and the southern bank of the South Channel scoured, the scoured sediment is carried by the ebb flow to the northern bank of the South Channel, and is silted in the entrance reach of the North Passage, which decreases the ebb flow volume entering into the Deepwater Navigation Channel. On the other hand, the Coriolis force and V-shaped diversion dike at the head of the Deepwater Navigation Channel are also key factors on effect of the Deepwater Navigation Channel.
Analysis on the Process of Flow-Sediment in Jianli Reach of Yangtze River before and after the Construction of Three Gorges Project
Authors: Liu Xiao Fang , Huang He Qing , Deng Cai Yun
Published: October 2012

Jianli Reach has long been exposed to labile main flow and the frequent translocation between the main channel and the lateral branch. To investigate how the long-term process of flow-sediment influences the adjustment of river channel pattern, monthly time series (1951-2009) of runoff and sediment load at Jianli hydrological station of Yangtze River were analyzed using three methods: R/S analysis to estimate Hurst exponent, Mann-Kendall method and the time series anomaly analysis. The result shows that on 1 year time scale, the values of Hurst exponent are indicating persistence, that is to say, the trend of runoff and sediment in the future will generally be the same as the past, and the persistence in runoff series is stronger than that in the sediment load. The period of oscillation in annual runoff and in sediment load is about 30 years. The result of Mann-Kendall test shows an abrupt change point of runoff time-series at 1967 and an abrupt change point of sediment load time-series at 2003. And during the flood season, the values of Hurst exponent still indicate persistence, which is weaker than that in whole year correspondingly.
Calculation of Earth-Rock Dam Seepage Based on Boundary Element Method with the Infinitely Deep Permeable Foundation
Authors: Chen Liang Liang , Ma Liang , Liu Feng
Published: October 2012

The seepage analysis is an important part of the earth-rock dam design, it is often calculated by using finite element method. In the infinitely deep permeable foundation construction of the dam, foundation deep permeable layer, preferably using the boundary element method to calculate. In this paper, the boundary element method is used to establish the construction of earth-rock dams in the blanket impervious seepage calculation model in the infinitely deep permeable foundation, and verify the feasibility of the model and provide reference for designers.
Analysis for Influence upon Local Climate Factors of Reservoir Area of Hydropower Station after Water Storage
Authors: Wang Wen Yong , Liu Wen , Ma Xiao Juan
Published: October 2012

An artificial reservoir will be formed at the dam upstream in a large hydropower station after the station put into use, and with water area expanding, the local climate will change. This paper takes mesoscale meteorological numerical model WRF to simulate a certain hydropower station in Sichuan to obtain the impacting situation of the local climate after the water storage. The result indicates as follows: firstly, the wind field has been greatest changed after the water storage. Except in the winter, we can found obvious lake-land breeze in the spring and the summer and the flow field is very evident; secondly, the temperature is rising or falling; except for a little change in the spring, the average temperature falls 1.27°C in the summer but rises at 1.28°C in the winter. In addition, the humidity around the reservoir is changed distinctly; the average humid degree rises mostly at 4.56% in the winter, moderately at 2.25% in the spring but a little change at 0.94% in the summer. It is since the climate factors have been changed that the concentration field of atmospheric pollutants which generated by the industrial and mining enterprises around the reservoir has been changed at all.
Multi-Threshold Regression Reference Evapotranspiration Prediction Model Study Based on PSO Algorithm
Authors: Chi Dao Cai , Chen Tao Tao , Liang Qian , Chen Wei
Published: October 2012

In order to overcome the difficulties existing in estimating the multiple threshold values in multiple threshold regression models, a new Multi-threshold regression prediction method is proposed using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in this paper, realizing estimating the multiple threshold value of multi-threshold regression (MTR) model. This method expands the prediction factors at the beginning, reduces the dimension using principal components analysis, searches threshold value by PSO and then establishes threshold regression model. A set of common modeling solutions of MTR is presented based on PSO at the same time. And this modeling solution is applied to the prediction of Reference Evapotranspiration (ET0) in the Panjin area. Results indicate this model has high precision for prediction and its application will provide a new means for predicting annual cumulative ET0.
Discussion on the Development Potential and Supplement Measures of the Groundwater Resources of Jiaodong Peninsula
Authors: Li Xiang Ran , Qiao You Qian , Zhang Dao Chang
Published: October 2012

Groundwater is one of main water supply sources of Jiaodong Peninsula. The groundwater withdrawal accounts for more than 50% of the allowable. With the thorough analysis of groundwater resources quantity and their distribution rule, we make comprehensive analysis and evaluation on the development potential of groundwater of Jiaodong Peninsula. And combined with the actual situation of Jiaodong Peninsula, we discuss four supplement measures to improve groundwater resources.
Two-Dimensional Numerical Model for Scalar Transport by Finite Volume Method on Unstructured Grid
Authors: Wang Zhi Li , Geng Yan Fen
Published: October 2012

Based on arbitrarily unstructured shallow water current model and finite volume method, a high-order non-oscillatory transport model is constructed. The stability and non-oscillatory condition of the transport model are also analyzed in theory. Usually, the maximum allowable time steps of current model and transport model are different, so an unsynchronized technique is used for the flow and the transport model computations to improve computational efficiency. In addition, the conservation of transport model during the unsynchronized computation is ensured by the time integration of currents continuity equation. Apply this model to the salinity transport simulation of Oujiang estuary, numerical results show that the water level, velocity and salinity agree well with the measured data.
Laboratory Investigation on Tsunami Wave Runup
Authors: Chen Jie , Jiang Chang Bo , Liu Hu Ying , Wu Zhi Yuan
Published: October 2012

The 2D laboratory experiments were performed to investigate tsunami wave runup on the combined sand beach. The N-wave was generated in three different water depths. The water surface elevations, maximum elevation of runup and snapshots of wave uprush and back wash were measured. The theoretical analysis of runup was presented. The results showed that uprush water wave had a decelerate process. The maximum elevation of runup R depends on incident wave height H and R is linear relationship with H plus water depth h.
Chemistry of Groundwater from Two Aquifers in Liuyi Coal Mine, Northern Anhui Province, China: a Comparative Study
Authors: Sun Lin Hua , Gui He Rong
Published: October 2012

Major ion concentrations of twenty groundwater samples from two deep seated aquifers (coal bearing-GC and limestone-LC) are analyzed for identify the differences between them and the source of ions. The results suggest that they are moderate to highly mineralized water with their average TDS values are 2444 (GC) and 1178 (LC) mg/L. LCs show lower Na but much higher Ca and Mg concentrations relative to GCs. Saturation indexes and principle component analysis, as well as mole ratios between Na and Cl, Ca and SO4, Ca and HCO3 indicate that they have multi sources with incorporation of halite and albite for Na, calcite, dolomite and gypsum for Ca, pyrite and gypsum for SO4.
Study of Processes in Shaping High Floodland and Deep-Cut Channel in Xiaolangdi Reservoir
Authors: Li Kun Peng , Chen Shu Kui , Ma Huai Bao , Wang Ting
Published: October 2012

The simulation test on the late sediment storage period in shaping program of high floodland and deep-cut channel on the Xiaolangdi reservoir, and the evolution of high floodland and deep-cut channel, for the Xiaolangdi reservoir sediment retaining period reasonable reservoir operation mode, provide reference for reservoir extending service life.The study shows that:①Formation of High floodland and deep-cut channel evolution, which based on the beach sediment uplift and slot synchronization channel and then washed down the process, whether the erosion and scour quantity to whether can form high floodland and deep-cut channel topography is essential;②The tributary of the riverbed is equivalent to extending transversely, tributary river sedimentation process and topographic condition and tributary junction of the main river deposition pattern and process and other factors are closely related, tributary cross-sectional deposition morphology is mostly parallel to the raising tendency, department branch flow entrance there was a sandbar;③the reservoir during the flood period rainfall scouring camera, in favor of hyperconcentrated flow is generated, to a certain extent, recovery tank capacity, play long term use of reservoir.
Simulation and Analysis of Ocean Wave in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Zhu Zhi Xia , Zhou Ke
Published: October 2012

In order to obtain more accurate results than the traditional method of wave statistics，the third-generation ocean wave model WAVEWATCH III (WW3) is applied to simulate the sea wave field of the Northwest Pacific. The model is driven by the QSCAT/NCEP blended winds. Then wave parameters are analyzed by statistical analysis method. The comparison of the significant wave heights between the simulation results and observation data indicates that the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.9. Furthermore, a post-processor system which integrates data analysis and graphic display is established. A comprehensive evaluation is presented after analyzing the time and spatial distribution of computational wave heights. During the winter there is a big wave area in the Japan Sea. In the East China Sea, there is a period of relatively big wave in summer. Throughout the year, the average wave height is the maximum in the South China Sea.
Application Study of Least Squares Support Vector Machines in Streamflow Forecast
Authors: Zhao Yan , Dong Zeng Chuan , Li Qing Hang
Published: October 2012

In this article, the Least Square Support Vector Machine(LS-SVM) regression analysis and prediction methods were briefly introduced. Radial basis kernel function was chosen and a streamflow forecast model based on the toolbox of Matlab was constructed. Then the model was validated with a case study. After the model validation with a case study, it could be seen that the prediction model shows high accuracy and convergence speed. According to the analysis of the results, it is feasible for LS-SVM utilization in streamflow forecast.
Experimental Study on Formation Cause of Sink Reach’s River Pattern of Alluvial River Flowing into the Lake
Authors: Chen Jun , Zhang Xiao Feng , Chen Hong , Shu Cai Wen
Published: October 2012

The formation cause of sink reach’s river pattern of the alluvial river flowing into the lake was studied by the experiment method. The results showed that: the change of lake level was the important formation condition of the alluvial river’s sink reach. The sediment concentration, the riverbed gradient were the major factors influencing the river pattern’s evolution of the sink reach. When the sediment concentration of upstream river was less, the sink reach was inclined to form a straight river, and with the increase of the sediment concentration, the bifurcated river was the chief river pattern. When the sediment concentration increased to a certain value, the sink reach was inclined to form a wandering river. When the riverbed gradient was less, the sink reach was inclined to form a bifurcated river, and with the increased of the gradient, the wandering river was the main river pattern. The sediment diameter affected channel evolution, but the influence extent was less.
Summary on River Basin Water Resources Allocation Practice and Institutional Arrangements of China
Authors: Gao Yuan Yuan , Xu Xin Yi , Yin Xiao Lin
Published: October 2012

Formulating and implementing river basin water resources allocation scheme is one of the most crucial measures to promote orderly development, efficient utilization and management, reasonable allocation of water resources. Clarifying water share for each region in a river basin and perfecting water resources allocation system can effectively contribute to achieve the social stability, eliminate the water use contradiction among different regions, realize sustainable water resources utilization and eco-social development, guarantee environment flow. It also conforms to the strictest water resources management system proposed and carried out at present of China. In order to make the readers better understand water allocation done or being done in China, river basin water resources allocation practice was summarized in this study. Institutional arrangements related to water resources allocation in China was also been summed up.
A Study on the Watershed Chemical Weathering in the Water Source Area of the Central Guizhou Water Control Projects
Authors: Jiao Shu Lin , Liang Hong , Sun Ting
Published: October 2012

To study the chemical weathering of the water source area of Central Guizhou water control project(CGWCP), a hydrological year observational study was carried out during May 2010 to Jane 2011 in the Yangchang hydrological station section in the Sancha River basin,in which the output fluxes and its weathering modules of the total dissolved substances(TDS) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were analyzed quantitatively.The results showed that :the weathering modules were 9.771×107g.km-2.a-1 of TDS and 7.996×106g.km-2.a-1 of DIC respectively with notely seasonal variation that 93.1% of TDS fluxes and 92.8% of DIC fluxes were output during the high temperature and rainy season from June to November 2010,as well as showing a striking decreasing trends from Sumer(6~8), Fall(9~11), Spring(3~5) to Winter(12~2).Chemical weathering modules demonstrated that significant seasonal variation of thermal and rainy conditions striking impacted karst processes had been closely related to characteristics of the watershed land surface, climatic, as well as hydrological processes.
Application of Contrary Degree and Identity Degree Optimization Model to Determine Reservoir Normal Storage Water Table
Authors: Zhang Wei Wei , Liu Xi Feng , Zhang Ze Zhong
Published: October 2012

To solve the indexes incompatibility when optimizing the reservoir characteristic tables, this paper combined all the indexes for the evaluation of reservoir normal storage water table into one index called superiority degree to standard evaluation set. It was used to represent comprehensive superiority of different reservoir normal storage water tables. Taking the Aertashi Reservoir normal storage water table optimization as a case study, the contrary degree and identity degree optimization model was applied. The scheme with normal storage water table of 1810m was chosen. The result shows that the reservoir characteristic tables optimization by the contrary degree and identity degree optimization model is reasonable and feasible. In addition, the model has simple structure and easy calculation.
The Impact of Irrigation Diverting from Yellow River Water on Regional Water Cycle in Shandong Province
Authors: Qu Shi Song , Zhu Zhong Zhu , Qiu Ning , Wang Wei Ping
Published: October 2012

Yellow River water diversion is an effective way to alleviate agricultural irrigation water shortage and promote agricultural production around Shandong Yellow River diversion area. It also plays a role in improving regional water cycle, including effects on evaporation, precipitation, surface runoff coefficient, and groundwater level of intake area. The paper studied the development of Yellow River water diversion in Shandong province, and qualitatively analysized the impact on the regional temperature, evaporation. And then the surface runoff coefficient and groundwater level before and after large-scale diversion in the area were quantitatively analysized. The results show that irrigation diversion from Yellow River can increase surface runoff coefficient and groundwater level, bring an enormous benefit to eco-environment, and provide an irreplaceable support role of the sustainable socio-economic development in Shandong province.
The Study on Distribution Characteristics of Water Resources in Guanzhong Region of Weihe River
Authors: Wu Xi Jun , Li Huai En , Dong Ying
Published: October 2012

In order to solve the conflict about shortage of water resources and socio-economic development in Guanzhong region of Weihe River basin, the water resources and available water resources were studied. Analysis the distribution laws and evolution trends of water resources , by calculating the available water resources of all district, summarized their distribution characteristic and the relationship with available ratio, and forecasted the other water resources using situation in future planning year. Finally obtain the conclusion that water resources of Guanzhong region were scarce as a whole, water resources and available water resources were uneven distribution.
Analysis Threshold Value of Ecological Water Require-Ment for Vegetation Restoration on Northern Grassland
Authors: Rong Hao , Shan Dan , Guo Jian Ying
Published: October 2012

Starting from strengthening ecological construction and management of pastoral areas of grassland, aiming at current ecological water demand of natural grassland under the condition of lacking irrigation and agriculture and forestry measures, this paper has studied the quantitative relation between natural grassland’s water demand and rainfall, soil water, grassland vegetation coverage and biomass with various types of grassland in Inner Mongolia as targets and through surveys, experiments and other scientific approaches. Then, it has established calculation methods of natural grassland with utilizable amounts of soil water and average ecological water consumption of grassland as basic parameters to determine to reach a certain level of ecology, water demand threshold range of natural grassland for maintaining ecological balance and achieving expectant function and provide technological support for strengthening water and soil conservation of pastoral areas of grassland and recovering and improving ecological environment of grassland.
Study on the Tidal Current and Suspended Sediment Transport in Taizhou Bay
Authors: He Jie , Zhao Xin Sheng , Zhu Yu Fan
Published: October 2012

Taizhou Bay is an estuary with high tidel range, middle tidal current and low sediment concentration. For the sea floor is very dense, it is stable in the usual water regimen. The numerical model is introduced to simulate the suspended sediment transport in Taizhou Bay. And the recent hydrologic data and the seabed change have been validated by the numerical model. The movement of tidal current and sediment in Dagagn Bay are simulated, and the sediment siltation in port designed is calculated by the model. The results show that the sediment source is from the shoal produced by the ebb current, and the sediment silting is decreased two-thirds by the cofferdam back of the bay, because the way of the suspended sediment is stopped by the cofferdam from the shoal to the harbor.
Research on Assessment Index System for Sustainable Utilization of Urban Water Resources
Authors: Tang Lian , Zhang Wei Bing
Published: October 2012

Evaluation of regional water resources sustainable utilization provides a scientific basis for further water resources utilization and social economic sustainable development. How to use a scientific and rational assessment index system to analyze the sustainable utilization of water resources becomes more important. This paper mainly studied on the assessment index system construction for sustainable utilization of urban water resources. A total of 30 indicators were selected to establish for urban water resources sustainable use of the evaluation system.
Social Benefits on the Implementation of Integrated Water Allocation in the Yellow River
Authors: Zhao Mai Huan , Xu Chen Guang , He Li Yuan
Published: October 2012

The situation in the 1990’s before the implementation of integrated water allocation in the Yellow River and the situation after the implementation between 1999 and 2008 are compared, and a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis is adopted to assess the social effects of the ten year’s integrated water allocation in the Yellow River. The agricultural surface water consumption after the water regulation averagely decreased 17.7*108m3, and the eco-environmental water in the lower reaches during the non-flood season increased 14.6*108m3,which curbed the decreasing trend of ecological water use for the channel from the 1970s to1990s.The results show that the integrated water allocation in the Yellow River has established a comparatively fair order for water use, guaranteed the water supply safety and the national food safety.
Water Stress Effects on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Hemarthria Compressa
Authors: Yang Zhong Wen , Jin Jun Ying , Xu Xin Yi
Published: October 2012

Water stress is an important approach to use water resources efficiently and remit the agricultural water shortage. Hemarthria compressa is one of perennial grasses, a pasture of high quality, which has abundant species resources in China. To explore the response of the growth, yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of Hemarthria compressa under water stress, this study, adapting pot experiment, imposed three water stress degree (LD, MD and SD) treatments and a control treatment on Hemarthria compressa. The data of growth indicators during control period, yield and total water consumption were obtained. The results show a noticeable inhibitory action of water stress on the growth of Hemarthria compressa. Along with the intensifying of water stress, plant height increment, leaf area, total biomass, dry matter of each organ and yield decreased, and the root-shoot ratio increased firstly and inclined to slump finally. Plants under the middle water stress treatment achieved the greatest WUE of 38.25 kg/m3. The first 10d in the water control period was the most sensitive period of the pasture responding to water stress.
The Structure Analysis of Urban Household Water
Authors: Liu Qiang , Zhou Ping , Fu Jin Xiang , Wang Wei Ran
Published: October 2012

The passage makes an analysis about water utilization structure by consulting literature and questionnaire survey. Household water consumption rose steadily and its proportion in domestic water rose from 39.8% in 1999 to 66.8% in 2008, and the flushing and bathing accounted for the largest amount of household water, its proportions is 27.1% and 26.4%. The bathing water of the southern city was wasted; it produces water-using potential. So the prevalence rate of the advanced instruments is important for using water efficiently.
Discussion on the Water Supply Engineering Planning of Small Towns in Southern China
Authors: Li Shi You , Xie Shui Bo , Zhou Yao Hui , Wu Wei Ling , Duan Yi
Published: October 2012

With the example of the water supply engineering planning of small towns in southern china, the effects of town water consumption forecast, water resource selection, water site choice, pipe network planning on the present engineering planning of water supply were investigated. The analyses show that the water consumption forecast should adopt many kinds of methods to check each other, and finally determine a proper value. To ensure water yield of source water reliable and water quality to meet the requirements are the first principle of the water resource selection. The location of water plant should be determined according to the characteristics of the water source and the hydrological and hydrogeological conditions, in accordance with the relevant requirements specification. The basic requirements of the pipe network layout are as follows: the security of water quality; the reliability of the water volume and water pressure; the operation reliability and the least investment. As a part of the overall planning, the water supply engineering planning should proceed from reality to deal with the relationship of the recent construction and long-term development in order to push small towns economy to a rapid growth.
The Analysis on Effect of the Terrain to the Culverts Stress by the Finite Element Method
Authors: Jiang Qing , Lai Huan Jun , Su Zhi Zhong
Published: October 2012

Highlight advantages of the finite element method is suitable for non-linear, non-homogeneous, complex boundary conditions. The paper adopts the finite element method to analysis culvert stress in Valley terrain. Gain that when the filling height H=40 meters, considering the valley topography calculated Ks=1.19, otherwise the Ks=1.435, the difference is about 17%. Therefore, the effects of the valley terrain to the high embankment culvert can not be ignored.
Research on Water Ecology of Tunnel Engineering in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions
Authors: Zhang Guo Zhen , Wang Qian , Wu Fu Ping
Published: October 2012

This article focuses on the tunnel construction process in arid and semi-arid regions which producing water environment problems ,proposing to initialize the control for the water pollution, containment of surface water and groundwater quality deterioration and loss of water and soil in the process of tunnel construction.The water eco-system of tunnel engineering in the arid and semi-arid regions is researched and established, so as to achieve the control for the surface water and groundwater pollution problems of tunnel project in arid and semi-arid regions, and to provide relevant guidance for the tunnel project.
Study on Industrial Water-Saving System - Taking the Ningdong Energy and Chemical Base as an Example
Authors: Liu Juan , Yang Cheng , Zhang Ju Ping
Published: October 2012

Taking the Ningdong Energy and Chemical Base as an example, this paper focuses on the study on four aspects: reform model of industrial water supply water management system, efficient industrial water management system, water-saving system of water resource recycling economy, and the index system of industrial water-saving, it develops water-saving programs, and conducts a comprehensive demonstration to the water saving efforts of the three leading water industry. The results show that water-saving benefits are obvious, and has an active role in demonstration.
Study on Flood Discharge and Countermeasures of ShiQiao Reservoir Spillway
Authors: Wang Xiao Qing , Liu Chang Wu , Zeng Jing Hao
Published: October 2012

The ShiQiao Reservoir was built in the 1950s, whose main functions are irrigation and flood control. With the increasing number of downstream agricultural water, the contradiction is increasingly prominent between pettier beneficial capacity and the raising downstream agricultural water; at the same time, due to the disrepair of spillway and the increase of upstream inflow, the original spillway flood discharge capacity cannot meet the requirements for flood control. On the basis of systematical investigations of engineering geology and hydrogeological, an effective method is proposed for plain reservoirs to solve these problems. The method is, by improving the weir crest elevation and widening spillway to address the inadequate of beneficial capacity and the low standard of flood control spillway. Through the validation of analysis and calculation, this method is feasible and economical. It fundamentally solves the problems of ShiQiao Reservoir, and ensures the safe operation of this reservoir.
Numerical Simulation of the Effects of Channel Regulation Engineering Works in the Tianxingzhou Reach of the Middle Yangtze River
Authors: Han Jian Qiao , Sun Zhao Hua , Zhu Ling Ling
Published: October 2012

The numerical simulation of the effects of regulation projects is presented through the discussion of: (a) the influenceingf actors of fairway conditions; (b) the plan of channel alignment works; (c) the establishment of a 2D numerical model; (d) the numerical simulation of the effects of regulation works. Base on measured data in recently years, Periodically erosion and deposition of Tianxingzhou head bench (THB) was determined as the key factor of navigation conditions. The navigation width would increase if THB maintain high and large morphology. Reflecting on the erosion trends of THB, pavement works with the main patterns of fishbone- bench protection belt to prevent the sand bar from erosion are proposed. The type of projects is fishbone- bench protection belt. The effects of regulation projects is predicted by using a 2D low-sediment mathematical model, which is verified by measured water and sediment data.With the mathematical model, the channel fluvial process and navigation development trend after the implementation of regulation projects in the next decade are simulated. THB maintain high level and integral morphology, which also guarantee good waterway conditions.
A Study of Manning Coefficient Related With Vegetation Density along the Vegetated Channel
Authors: Xu Wei Gang , Zhang Hua Yong , Wang Zhong Yu , Huang Wen Pei
Published: October 2012

Experiments are conducted to study the change of Manning coefficient of reed population along the channel in gradually varied flow. Water depth and velocity are investigated under various reed densities, corresponding to a set of discharge values. The corresponding Manning coefficients along the channel and the functional relationships with vegetation density are studied. The results show that the Manning coefficient is more volatile in vegetation zone and the average Manning coefficient exhibits a linear relationship with the vegetation density. The conclusions can provide some guidance and reference for cofferdam design in natural and constructed wetland and the research on vegetated channel erosion.
Experimental Study of Hydrodynamic Effects of Submerged Breakwaters on the Slope
Authors: Zhang Shao Hua , Jiang Chang Bo , Chen Jie , Liu Hu Ying
Published: October 2012

Submerged breakwaters have become increasingly popular due to their multiple functions, which are to protect shoreline or harbor and to prevent beach erosion in the coastal zones. In this paper trapezoidal submerged breakwater in the coastal zones was modeled using a wave flume. Based on the experimental data collected, characteristics of changing wave profile, energy spectrum, statistic and spectrum parameters of regular waves were calculated and analyzed. The result shows that the wave profile becomes strongly asymmetry and wave energy in lower harmonic is transferred into higher harmonic. At the back of submerged breakwater the wave energy rapidly decreases. The higher harmonics generate and intensify near the bottom or when the water depth decreases.
Hydraulic Structure Design Concept and Practice - Tacheng Reservoir Project in Xinjiang as an Example
Authors: Huo Xiang Hong , Chen Ying Jie , Mu Jun Jing , Li Shao Jie , Liu Jian , Zhao Heng
Published: October 2012

The hydraulic structure visual forms are both a water project construction component, but also the important contents in the design of hydraulic structures. So that at the same time to satisfy the engineering function, given a certain culture connotation and time spirit, become the material function and mental functions complement each other forms. The article integrates design elements according to parts of Xinjiang reservoir project building design, , puts forward the according design thought and method.
Study on Earthwork Allocation Balance of Nuozhadu's Core Rockfill Dam
Authors: Tian Chang , Chen Gang , Wang Cui Ling
Published: October 2012

According to the analysis of Nuozhadu's core rockfill dam over its relationship of material balance and progress coordination between filling and excavation engineering, by means of linear programming method, combining with the actual construction, mathematical model of earthwork allocation optimization is established. Through using the actual application, it achieves the goal of saving resources and cost, reasonable and fast construction.
The Optimal Design of Sluice Chamber Connecting Tuanbo Reservoir and Inner Lake under City Road
Authors: Liu Run , Wang Lei , Wu Xin Li , Liu Wen Bin
Published: October 2012

The water system of an inner lake in a planned residential district is connected to the Tuanbo reservoir. To pass through the city road between this residential district and the Tuanbo reservoir and effectively control the water table level of the inner lake, two sluices with two box-culverts will be built under the city road. In the existing design, the cross-section and the base slab of the sluices are relatively greater than what is necessary, which is on the conservative safer side but not as economical. Considering the project requirements and load characteristics, this paper proposes different design solutions for the cross section of the sluices through comparison and analysis of the stresses and foundation deformations on the sluice walls, and base slab by means of FEM and computer simulation. As a result, an optimal cross-sectional structure of the sluices was selected, which significantly reduces the use of concrete, and is much more cost efficient than the existing design.
The Linhuaigang Main Dam Openings Vertical Interlocking Block Revetment Design and Calculation
Authors: Yang Zhong , Wang Gui Sheng
Published: October 2012

The design “non-rope opening vertical interlock block” is used in the main dam of Linhuaigang Project for the first time in China. The opening of the block can effectively reduce the uplift pressure induced by waves. The vertical interlock can make block interlock three- dimensionally so as to enhance the integrity of the block and improve the anti-wave performance. The design can not only improve the protection of the main dam slope under long blowing distance and high wind and waves, but also save the use of stone and construction investment as well as protect the environment. Openings vertical interlock concrete block between the rigid in-situ concrete slope and the flexible dry stone slope, not only avoid the shortcomings of in-situ concrete slope suited to soft ground deformation, but also resist the larger storms owing to the better integrity than dry stone pitching ,from the interlocked effect between the blocks. Compared with the entity block, opening vertical interlock block thickness is reduced greatly. The earth dam project of Lin Huai Gang flood control project applied openings vertical interlock block successfully in water conservancy projects .The project has the pioneering position in the use in the wave elements of reservoirs, lakes and the other large water conservancy revetment constructions.
Dam Deformation Analysis Based on Independent Component Analysis
Authors: Zhan Xin Wu , Dai Wu Jiao
Published: October 2012

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a recent and well-known technique used to separate mixtures of signals. It can separate independent components from mixed signals and has many advantages in blind signal separation, redundancy removal and processing of frequency aliasing problems. Deformation monitoring data can be regarded as the digital signals series which is composed of different frequency. After making test on ICA in processing dam observation data we can draw a conclusion that it is practical and applicative for ICA to evaluate the stability of the dam and reflect the working condition of dam.
Simulation Feedback Analysis of II1-II1 Slope at Left Bank of Jinping I Hydropower Station During the Construction Period
Authors: Liu Xue , Hu Zhi Gen , Fu Shao Jun
Published: October 2012

The left bank slope in JinpingⅠhydropower station is one of the highest slope with the maximum excavation and the worst stability conditions in the current hydro power stations in the world. Based on the combination of the elasto-viscoplastic finite element method and artificial neural networks, a model of back analysis of the mechanical parameters of slope is established. In this paper, the left bank slope (II1-II1) in JinpingⅠhydropower station is taken as an example．Construction procedure and anchor measures are simulated carefully; the key mechanical parameter of rock is back analyzed according to the monitored displacement; the real time forecast of deformation and stability of the rock slope are realized by this model based on the monitored displacement. Most of research results are taken as the references for the optimization of design and information construction in the practical engineering．
Influence of Fineness Coordination of Different Cementitious Materials on Volume Stability of Hydraulic Concrete
Authors: Qian Wen Xun , Zhang Yan Chi , Chen Xun Jie , Ouyang You Lin
Published: October 2012

In this paper, the influence of the combination and fineness coordination of different cementitious materials on volume stability of hydraulic concrete were studied. With method of concrete drying shrinkage test, mortar flat test and steel ring test(ASTM C1581), the effects of cement with different fineness, different kind of mineral admixture and their combination with each different fineness levels on the concrete deformation were discussed. And the relations between the various influencing factor and concrete cracking were carried out.
Slope Stability Analysis of High Rockfill Cofferdam Considered with its Construction and Working Processing
Authors: Luo Li Zhe , Xiong Kun , Ou Yong Sheng
Published: October 2012

Slope stability of high rockfill cofferdam is related not only to the structure and shape, material characterization, working characteristics of the cofferdam body, but also to the construction process. The influences of rock mechanics parameters are analyzed, which caused by the changes of structural stress state and transfusion equivalent stress in cofferdam construction process. Based on the slope stability strength reduction method, the slope stability analysis model of high rockfill cofferdam mirroring the construction process is established. At the same time, the parameter calculation methods are submitted and the correctness is proved. By the slope stability analysis of construction-running process, the results show that the most dangerous condition of cofferdam slope appears in the period of water level falling after pit excavation finished. With the increase of level falling speed, the position of the cofferdam dangerous sliding surface shifted from downstream slope to upstream slope. When the front weir level falling speed is determinate, the slope safety factor is appearing downward trend firstly and then upward trend, the minimum slope safety factor and the critical time is related with the level felling speed.
Adsorption Behavior and Corrosion Inhibition of 2-Benzothiazolethiol for Q235 Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution
Authors: Wang Tao , He Xi Yang , Yang Xue
Published: October 2012

The weight loss measurements and potentiodynamic polarization techniques are used to assess the inhibitive and adsorption behaviour of 2-Benzothiazolethiol (BTT) for Q235 steel in hydrochloric acid solution. The inhibition efﬁciency is found to increase with increase in BTT concentration but decrease with rise in temperature and hydrochloric acid concentration. The results show that BTT acts as a good corrosion inhibitor in hydrochloric acid solution. Adsorption of BTT is found to obey Langmuir isotherm. Polarization curves indicate BTT is a mixed-type inhibitor.
Research on Landslide Accumulation Mass Stability at a Hydropower Station
Authors: Du Jing , Zhao Yan Xi
Published: October 2012

Landslide stability is very important to the hydropower station construction. The volume of landslide accumulation mass in a hydropower station was more than 47, 500, 000 m3, it was a large landslide accumulation body rarely in the history of hydropower engineering. As a research object, the landslide accumulation mass in this hydropower station was divided into three parts by geologic ingredient, which included bedrock, slip soil and accumulation mass. According to mechanical parameters such as internal friction angle, cohesion, natural unit weight and saturated unit weight obtained by some research, limit equilibrium method was adopted to analyze the slope stability. Accumulation mass safety factors in different parts were calculated, the destruction style was illustrated and landslide accumulation mass stability was also analyzed. The results show under normal condition, rainstorm and earthquake condition, the safety factor cannot meet the specification requirement. The research provides meaningful reference to design and construction in similar hydropower station.