bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Characteristics of Green Bond Markets to Facilitate Green Finance in the Post-COVID-19 World
Authors: Taghizadeh-Hesary Farhad , Yoshino Naoyuki , Phoumin Han
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and the global recessions have reduced the investments in green projects globally that would endanger the achievement of the climate-related goals. Therefore, the post-COVID-19 world needs to adopt the green financial system by introducing new financial instruments. In this regard, green bonds—a type of debt instrument aiming to finance sustainable infrastructure projects—are growing in popularity. While the literature does not contest their effectiveness in fighting climate change, research highlights the high level of risks and low returns associated with this instrument. This study analyzes the green bond markets in different regions with a focus on Asia and the Pacific. It aims to fill the gap in the literature by conducting a comparative study of the characteristics, risks, and returns of green bonds based on the region. The study is based on theoretical background and empirical analysis using the data retrieved from Bloomberg New Energy Finance and the Climate Bonds Initiative. The empirical results are based on several econometrics tests using panel data analysis estimation methods, namely pooled ordinary least squares and generalized least squares random effects estimator. Our findings prove that green bonds in Asia tend to show higher returns but higher risks and higher heterogeneity. Generally, the Asian green bonds market is dominated by the banking sector, representing 60% of all issuance. Given that bonds issued by this sector tend to show lower returns than average, we recommend policies that could increase the rate of return of bonds issued by the banking sector through the use of tax spillover. In the era of post-COVID-19, diversification of issuers, with higher participation from the public sector and de-risking policies, could also be considered.
Prediction of the Hypertension Risk of the Elderly in Built Environments Based on the LSTM Deep Learning and Bayesian Fitting Method
Authors: Zhu Rui , Lv Yang , Wang Zhimeng , Chen Xi
Published: May 2021

Hypertension has become the greatest risk factor for death in elderly populations. As factors influencing cardiovascular disease, indoor environmental parameters pose potential risks for older adults. In this study, elderly residents in Dalian (Liaoning Province, China) urban dwellings were selected as the research subjects, and the environmental parameters of the dwellings’ main activity rooms and the blood pressure parameters of the older adults were measured. Based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) deep learning algorithm and Bayesian fitting method, a hypertension disease model was established using the long-term environmental parameters to predict the hypertension risk of older adults in their building’s environment. The results showed that temperature, humidity, and some air quality parameters had an impact on blood pressure under single environmental factor, and the comprehensive environmental risks of high systolic blood pressure, high diastolic blood pressure, and high blood pressure were 16.44%, 0%, and 16.44% for the male elderly and 14.11%, 7.14%, and 17.55% for the female elderly, respectively. By comparing the results for the blood pressure measurement and prediction, it can be observed that the risk error of hypertension obtained by the algorithm maintains the variables’ relationship, and the result of the algorithm is reliable in this period. This technology can provide a basis for measuring environmental parameters and will be conducive to the development of an ecological smart building environment.
Effects of Motor-Games-Based Concurrent Training Program on Body Composition Indicators of Chilean Adults with Down Syndrome
Authors: Farías-Valenzuela Claudio , Cofré-Bolados Cristian , Ferrari Gerson , Espoz-Lazo Sebastián , Arenas-Sánchez Giovanny , Álvarez-Arangua Sebastián , Espinoza-Salinas Alexis , Valdivia-Moral Pedro
Published: May 2021

Background: Concurrent training of strength and endurance has been widely ued in the field of health, with favorable effects on body composition. However, the effect on the body composition of a ludic-motor concurrent proposal in adults with Down syndrome has not been quantified yet. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a concurrent training program based on motor games on body composition indicators and cardiometabolic risk on schooled male adults with Down syndrome. Methods: The sample is composed of 15 male adults with Down syndrome from Chile. Body composition variables such as body mass index, waist circumference, height to waist ratio, skin folds, perimeters, and muscle areas were assessed at the beginning and end of the program. Subsequently, a program of motor games was designed and implemented for 10 months. Results: Mean and standard deviation for body fat were pre (25.36 ± 5.60) and post (23.01 ± 6.20)%; waist circumference pre (86.00 ± 8.97) and post (82.07 ± 8.38) cm. Brachial perimeter and muscle area were pre (22.30 ± 2.80) and post (23.61 ± 2.28) cm; pre (40.19 ± 10.09) and post (44.77 ± 8.48) cm2, respectively. Our findings showed significant results (p < 0.05): body fat %; sum of folds; waist circumference; height to waist ratio; brachial perimeter and brachial muscle area. Conclusion: A concurrent training program implemented through motor skills games decreases body fat and cardiovascular risk and increases the muscle mass in male adults with Down syndrome.
Efficiency of Natural Clay Mineral Adsorbent Filtration Systems in Wastewater Treatment for Potential Irrigation Purposes
Authors: ElBastamy ElSayed , Ibrahim Lubna A. , Ghandour Atef , Zelenakova Martina , Vranayova Zuzana , Abu-Hashim Mohamed
Published: May 2021

This project investigated the relative efficiencies of three pilot-scale constructed columns for enhancing drainage wastewater treatment processes to ensure compliance with Egyptian and international water quality criteria. In this investigation, basic materials (sand and gravel) and variable natural clay minerals zeolite (Z), diatomite (D) and bentonite (B) were utilized as packing materials to build up a Z column (ZC), D column (DC) and B column (BC), respectively. The three columns’ ability to remove pollutants from waste water for re-use in irrigation was investigated throughout one year (12 trials). The results revealed that the influent water had 211 mg/L total suspended solids, 6.09 mg/L total nitrogen, 36.67 mg/L biochemical oxygen demand, 56 mg/L chemical oxygen demand, 1700 mg/L total dissolved solids, 0.97 mg/L copper (Cu2+), 1.12 mg/L iron (Fe2+), 1.07 mg/L manganese (Mn2+), 1.02 mg/L lead (Pb2+), 1.05 mg/L zinc (Zn2+), and 46 × 103 CFU/mL fecal coliforms. These parameters were higher than the values permitted by Egyptian and international licenses. The range of removal efficiency of these pollutants by ZC was 96–21%, by BC was 99–29.8%, and by DC was 99–19.80%. Regeneration studies for the spent adsorbents demonstrated that the percentages of pollutant removal were sufficiently high. The treated effluent produced by the three columns was suitable for irrigation purposes, especially at a contact time of four hours, with the order for column treatment efficiency being BC ˃ DC ˃ ZC. Treated water was classified for irrigation suitability according to the Agrifood Water Quality Index (AFWQI) as marginal from the ZC, very good from the DC, and excellent from the BC. Treatment of such drainage water using the BC and DC appears feasible, because the process is easily operated and leads to final treated effluent of high quality for agricultural uses. The economic cost also confirms the feasibility of this treatment.
Advanced Technologies and Their Use in Smart City Management
Authors: Vodák Josef , Šulyová Dominika , Kubina Milan
Published: May 2021

Building Smart City management concepts is based on the implementation and use of advanced technologies. The primary impulse for writing the article was the ambition to identify the current advanced technologies of Smart City management. The aim of the article is to propose a general model for the implementation of advanced technologies for Smart City management, based on the knowledge gained from the analysis of literature and case studies. In order to fulfill the set goal, it is necessary to obtain answers to two research questions. The findings were obtained through a secondary analysis of the literature, i.e., relevant articles from the scientific databases Web of Science and Scopus analysis of case studies of the best Smart Cities practices. According to the Smart City Index 2020 and IESE Cities in Motion, the leaders among the Smart Cities are Singapore and London, followed by Helsinki. In addition to the analyses, the article also uses methods of summarization, comparison, creativity, logic, induction and deduction. Smart Cities use 12 identified advanced technologies in their practice. Strategic management in Singapore, London and Helsinki adapts technology to the needs and requirements of its citizens, thus connecting the technological aspect with the managerial and social aspects. The contributions of the work include results for fellow researchers and a model for strategic management of new Smart Cities. The results of the article provide fellow researchers with the findings of a secondary analysis of relevant articles, from which they can draw when writing their own publications without the need for time-consuming search of the articles about this topic in databases. The general model of implementation of advanced technologies serves as a basis for strategic management of new Smart Cities that want to implement a technological base and at the same time do not want to forget the managerial and social aspects. Testing the model in practice with a new Slovak Smart City is part of future research activities.
Factors and Components Affecting Dairy Smallholder Farmers and the Local Value Chain— Kvemo Kartli as an Example
Authors: Al Sidawi Rami , Urushadze Teo , Ploeger Angelika
Published: May 2021

Smallholder farmers are the cornerstone of the livestock sector and an essential element in building and developing the local dairy value chain, critical for developing its local economy. In Georgia, and despite the efforts made since independence from the Soviet Union until now, farmers still face many problems that prevent them from participating effectively in developing the dairy value chain, especially heavy metal pollution that afflicts the study region. This research study refers to smallholder farmers’ viewpoints in the Kvemo Kartli region on the dairy production sector and the problems these farmers face. This study also investigates the effect of several factors (ethical factors, traditions, animal welfare, cultural factors, etc.) on the dairy value chain. The convergence model was used in the mixed-method approach’s triangular design as a methodology for this research study. As part of the social data, 140 farmers who produce and sell milk and cheese in the Kvemo Kartli region were interviewed. The results showed the influence of the ethical, cultural, and traditional factors in developing the value chain. The results also showed the problems and difficulties small farmers face in rural areas, on the one hand, and the gap between these farmers and governmental and private organisations on the other hand. These results are compared to those of a previous study, where interviews with experts in Georgia’s dairy production sector were performed.
Stochastic Expansion Planning of Various Energy Storage Technologies in Active Power Distribution Networks
Authors: Sabzehgar Reza , Amirhosseini Diba Zia , Manshadi Saeed D. , Fajri Poria
Published: May 2021

This work aims to minimize the cost of installing renewable energy resources (photovoltaic systems) as well as energy storage systems (batteries), in addition to the cost of operation over a period of 20 years, which will include the cost of operating the power grid and the charging and discharging of the batteries. To this end, we propose a long-term planning optimization and expansion framework for a smart distribution network. A second order cone programming (SOCP) algorithm is utilized in this work to model the power flow equations. The minimization is computed in accordance to the years (y), seasons (s), days of the week (d), time of the day (t), and different scenarios based on the usage of energy and its production (c). An IEEE 33-bus balanced distribution test bench is utilized to evaluate the performance, effectiveness, and reliability of the proposed optimization and forecasting model. The numerical studies are conducted on two of the highest performing batteries in the current market, i.e., Lithium-ion (Li-ion) and redox flow batteries (RFBs). In addition, the pros and cons of distributed Li-ion batteries are compared with centralized RFBs. The results are presented to showcase the economic profits of utilizing these battery technologies.
Relationship between Emotional Labor and Burnout among Sports Coaches in South Korea: Moderating Role of Social Support
Authors: Ha Jae-Pil , Kim Jae-Hwan , Ha Jaehyun
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of social support in the relationship between three strategies of emotional labor (surface acting, deep acting, and genuine expression) and burnout among sports coaches in South Korea. Data were collected from 259 athletic coaches who were working at secondary schools at Gyeongsangnam-do in South Korea. Results indicated that three emotional labor strategies explained a significant amount of variance in each of the three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment). In regard to the moderating effect, social support significantly moderated the relationship between surface acting and overall burnout. Specifically, the positive effect of surface acting on burnout was weaker for coaches with a high level of social support than those with a low level of social support. Some ways to engage in appropriate emotional labor strategies and to create environments where social support can be easily accessed were discussed.
iRG-4mC: Neural Network Based Tool for Identification of DNA 4mC Sites in Rosaceae Genome
Authors: Lim Dae Yeong , Rehman Mobeen Ur , Chong Kil To
Published: May 2021

DNA N4-Methylcytosine is a genetic modification process which has an essential role in changing different biological processes such as DNA conformation, DNA replication, DNA stability, cell development and structural alteration in DNA. Due to its negative effects, it is important to identify the modified 4mC sites. Further, methylcytosine may develop anywhere at cytosine residue, however, clonal gene expression patterns are most likely transmitted just for cytosine residues in strand-symmetrical sequences. For this reason many different experiments are introduced but they proved not to be viable choice due to time limitation and high expenses. Therefore, to date there is still need for an efficient computational method to deal with 4mC sites identification. Keeping it in mind, in this research we have proposed an efficient model for Fragaria vesca (F. vesca) and Rosa chinensis (R. chinensis) genome. The proposed iRG-4mC tool is developed based on neural network architecture with two encoding schemes to identify the 4mC sites. The iRG-4mC predictor outperformed the existing state-of-the-art computational model by an accuracy difference of 9.95% on F. vesca (training dataset), 8.7% on R. chinesis (training dataset), 6.2% on F. vesca (independent dataset) and 10.6% on R. chinesis (independent dataset). We have also established a webserver which is freely accessible for the research community.
A Generalization of the Importance of Vertices for an Undirected Weighted Graph
Authors: Manríquez Ronald , Guerrero-Nancuante Camilo , Martínez Felipe , Taramasco Carla
Published: May 2021

Establishing a node importance ranking is a problem that has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent decades. For unweighted networks where the edges do not have any attached weight, many proposals have been presented, considering local or global information of the networks. On the contrary, it occurs in undirected edge-weighted networks, where the proposals to address this problem have been more scarce. In this paper, a ranking method of node importance for undirected and edge-weighted is provided, generalizing the measure of line importance (DIL) based on the centrality degree proposed by Opsahl. The experimentation was done on five real networks and the results illustrate the benefits of our proposal.
Univalence Conditions for Gaussian Hypergeometric Function Involving Differential Inequalities
Authors: Oros Georgia Irina
Published: May 2021

In their paper published in 1990, Miller and Mocanu have investigated the special function Gaussian hypergeometric function in view of its relation to the theory of analytic functions, stating conditions for this function to be univalent using a,b,c∈ℝ, c≠0,−1,−2,…. The study done in this paper extends the results on the univalence of the considered function taking a,b,c∈ℂ, with c≠0,−1,−2,… two criteria being stated in the corollaries of the proved theorems. An interpretation of the univalence results from the sets inclusion view is also given, underlining the geometrical properties of the outcomes. Examples showing how the univalence results can be applied are also included.
An Unsupervised Learning Method for Attributed Network Based on Non-Euclidean Geometry
Authors: Wu Wei , Hu Guangmin , Yu Fucai
Published: May 2021

Many real-world networks can be modeled as attributed networks, where nodes are affiliated with attributes. When we implement attributed network embedding, we need to face two types of heterogeneous information, namely, structural information and attribute information. The structural information of undirected networks is usually expressed as a symmetric adjacency matrix. Network embedding learning is to utilize the above information to learn the vector representations of nodes in the network. How to integrate these two types of heterogeneous information to improve the performance of network embedding is a challenge. Most of the current approaches embed the networks in Euclidean spaces, but the networks themselves are non-Euclidean. As a consequence, the geometric differences between the embedded space and the underlying space of the network will affect the performance of the network embedding. According to the non-Euclidean geometry of networks, this paper proposes an attributed network embedding framework based on hyperbolic geometry and the Ricci curvature, namely, RHAE. Our method consists of two modules: (1) the first module is an autoencoder module in which each layer is provided with a network information aggregation layer based on the Ricci curvature and an embedding layer based on hyperbolic geometry; (2) the second module is a skip-gram module in which the random walk is based on the Ricci curvature. These two modules are based on non-Euclidean geometry, but they fuse the topology information and attribute information in the network from different angles. Experimental results on some benchmark datasets show that our approach outperforms the baselines.
Therapeutic Effects of Urethral Sphincter Botulinum Toxin A Injection on Dysfunctional Voiding with Different Videourodynamic Characteristics in Non-Neurogenic Women
Authors: Jiang Yuan-Hong , Lee Cheng-Ling , Chen Sheng-Fu , Kuo Hann-Chorng
Published: May 2021

Although female dysfunctional voiding (DV) is common in urological practice, it is difficult to treat. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of urethral botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) on non-neurogenic female DV. Based on the videourodynamic study (VUDS), the DV was classified into three subgroups according to the obstructive site. A successful treatment outcome was defined as an improvement of voiding efficiency by 10% and reported global response assessment by ≥1. The study compared therapeutic efficacy, baseline urodynamic parameters, and changes in urodynamic parameters between the treatment success and failure groups and among three DV subgroups. Predictive factors for successful treatment were also investigated. A total of 81 women with DV were categorized into three groups: 55 (67.9%) had mid-urethral DV, 19 (23.5%) had distal urethral DV, and 7 (8.6%) had combined BN dysfunction and mid-urethral DV after BN transurethral incision. The treatment outcome was successful for 55 (67.9%) patients and failed for 26 (32.1%). Successfully treated patients had a significant decrease of detrusor pressure, post-void residual volume, and bladder outlet obstruction index, as well as an increase in voiding efficiency at follow-up versus the treatment failure group. The logistic regression of urodynamic parameters and clinical variables revealed that a greater volume of first sensation of filling predicts a successful BoNT-A treatment outcome (p = 0.047). The urethral BoNT-A injection is effective in treating non-neurogenic women with DV, with a success rate of 67.9%. The videourodynamic characteristics of DV may differ among patients but does not affect the treatment outcome.
The Rapid Evolution of Resistance to Vip3Aa Insecticidal Protein in Mythimna separata (Walker) Is Not Related to Altered Binding to Midgut Receptors
Authors: Quan Yudong , Yang Jing , Wang Yueqin , Hernández-Martínez Patricia , Ferré Juan , He Kanglai
Published: May 2021

Laboratory selection for resistance of field populations is a well-known and useful tool to understand the potential of insect populations to evolve resistance to insecticides. It provides us with estimates of the frequency of resistance alleles and allows us to study the mechanisms by which insects developed resistance to shed light on the mode of action and optimize resistance management strategies. Here, a field population of Mythimna separata was subjected to laboratory selection with either Vip3Aa, Cry1Ab, or Cry1F insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis. The population rapidly evolved resistance to Vip3Aa reaching, after eight generations, a level of >3061-fold resistance, compared with the unselected insects. In contrast, the same population did not respond to selection with Cry1Ab or Cry1F. The Vip3Aa resistant population did not show cross resistance to either Cry1Ab or Cry1F. Radiolabeled Vip3Aa was tested for binding to brush border membrane vesicles from larvae from the susceptible and resistant insects. The results did not show any qualitative or quantitative difference between both insect samples. Our data, along with previous results obtained with other Vip3Aa-resistant populations from other insect species, suggest that altered binding to midgut membrane receptors is not the main mechanism of resistance to Vip3Aa.
The Role of Ultrasound for the Personalized Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Cervical Dystonia
Authors: Fietzek Urban M. , Nene Devavrat , Schramm Axel , Appel-Cresswell Silke , Košutzká Zuzana , Walter Uwe , Wissel Jörg , Berweck Steffen , Chouinard Sylvain , Bäumer Tobias
Published: May 2021

The visualization of the human body has frequently been groundbreaking in medicine. In the last few years, the use of ultrasound (US) imaging has become a well-established procedure for botulinum toxin therapy in people with cervical dystonia (CD). It is now undisputed among experts that some of the most relevant muscles in this indication can be safely injected under visual US guidance. This review will explore the method from basic technical considerations, current evidence to conceptual developments of the phenomenology of cervical dystonia. We will review the implications of introducing US to our understanding of muscle function and anatomy of common cervical dystonic patterns. We suggest a flow chart for the use of US to achieve a personalized treatment of people with CD. Thus, we hope to contribute a resource that is useful in clinical practice and that stimulates the ongoing development of this valuable technique.
Assessing Rabies Vaccine Protection against a Novel Lyssavirus, Kotalahti Bat Lyssavirus
Authors: Shipley Rebecca , Wright Edward , Lean Fabian Z. X. , Selden David , Horton Daniel L. , Fooks Anthony R. , Banyard Ashley C.
Published: May 2021

Rabies is a fatal encephalitis caused by an important group of viruses within the Lyssavirus genus. The prototype virus, rabies virus, is still the most commonly reported lyssavirus and causes approximately 59,000 human fatalities annually. The human and animal burden of the other lyssavirus species is undefined. The original reports for the novel lyssavirus, Kotalahti bat lyssavirus (KBLV), were based on the detection of viral RNA alone. In this report we describe the successful generation of a live recombinant virus, cSN-KBLV; where the full-length genome clone of RABV vaccine strain, SAD-B19, was constructed with the glycoprotein of KBLV. Subsequent in vitro characterisation of cSN-KBLV is described here. In addition, the ability of a human rabies vaccine to confer protective immunity in vivo following challenge with this recombinant virus was assessed. Naïve or vaccinated mice were infected intracerebrally with a dose of 100 focus-forming units/30 µL of cSN-KBLV; all naïve mice and 8% (n = 1/12) of the vaccinated mice succumbed to the challenge, whilst 92% (n = 11/12) of the vaccinated mice survived to the end of the experiment. This report provides strong evidence for cross-neutralisation and cross-protection of cSN-KBLV using purified Vero cell rabies vaccine.
Vegetation and Residence Time Interact to Influence Metabolism and Net Nutrient Uptake in Experimental Agricultural Drainage Systems
Authors: Nifong Rachel L. , Taylor Jason M.
Published: May 2021

Agricultural drainage networks within the Lower Mississippi River Basin (LMRB) have potential to attenuate nutrient loading to downstream aquatic ecosystems through best management practices. Nutrient uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus), gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and denitrification rates were estimated using a combination of sensor measurements and hourly discrete samples for dissolved nutrients and gases at three hydraulic residence times (2, 4, and 6 h) in three vegetated and three unvegetated ditches. We also measured vegetation and soil nutrient content. GPP and ER were significantly higher in vegetated drainages and increasing hydraulic residence time increased respiration rates. Shorter hydraulic residence times were associated with increased uptake rates for both N and P, and vegetation increased N uptake rates in all hydraulic residence time (HRT) treatments. Vegetation and sediment assimilated N and P over the course of the experiment. Overall, our experimental results demonstrate the strong role of emergent vegetation in nutrient retention and removal processes in agricultural drainage ditch networks.
Interaction of Titanium Dioxide with Formaldehyde in the Presence of Quartz Sand under Static and Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Stefanarou Anthi S. , Chrysikopoulos Constantinos V.
Published: May 2021

Formaldehyde (FA) is an extremely active compound that is widely used in numerous applications. Given that FA is a known carcinogen, it is essential to remove it from the environment. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), due to its special physicochemical properties, is a promising adsorbent for the removal of specific organic compounds from aqueous solutions. In this study, the interaction of TiO2 with FA in the presence and absence of quartz sand, the most common mineral on the Earth’s surface, was investigated under static and dynamic (batch) conditions, at 25 °C. The experimental data suggested that the sorption of FA onto TiO2 can be described adequately by a pseudo-second order kinetic model, indicating that the main sorption mechanism was chemisorption. It was observed that the combination of TiO2 and quartz sand could1 lead up to effective removal of FA from aqueous samples.
Methylobacterium oryzae Influences Isoepoxydon Dehydrogenase Gene Expression and Patulin Production by Penicillium expansum
Authors: Afonso Tiago Barros , Simões Lúcia Chaves , Lima Nelson
Published: May 2021

Biofilms can be considered the main source of microorganisms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS). The ecology of a biofilm is dependent on a variety of factors, including the presence of microbial metabolites excreted by its inhabitants. This study reports the effect of the Gram-negative bacteria Methylobacterium oryzae on the idh gene expression levels and patulin production of Penicillium expansum mature biofilms. For this purpose, a RT-qPCR method to quantify idh mRNA levels was applied. In addition, the idh expression levels were compared with the patulin production. The results obtained revealed that the effect of the bacterium on pre-established P. expansum biofilms is dependent on the time of interaction. More mature P. expansum biofilms appear to be more resistant to the inhibitory effect that M. oryzae causes towards idh gene expression and patulin production. A positive trend was observed between the idh expression and patulin production values. The results indicate that M. oryzae affects patulin production by acting at the transcriptional level of the idh gene.
Leaf vs. Whole-Plant Biotic Attack: Does Vine Physiological Response Change?
Authors: Savi Tadeja , Herrera Jose CaR + Los , Forneck Astrid
Published: May 2021

Phylloxera is one of the most invasive and widespread insects in viticulture. An increase in populations feeding on leaves and/or roots of formeR + Ly resistant grapevines has been observed, but information on leaf and whole plant phylloxera infestation effects is lacking. We monitored the water and carbon metabolism of vines (one rootstock x scion combination) inoculated with insects’ eggs on leaves (L) or both leaves and roots (R+L). Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) in infested and noninfested tissue of different organs and plant biomass were measured at the end of the experiment. At the peak of the biotic stress treatment, the plants reduced transpiration by about 30% compared to control, while photosynthesis remained unaffected. Lower soluble NSC were measured in infested than in the nearby noninfested tissue of both L and R+L groups, suggesting sugar consumption by the insect, while infested roots increased starch content by fivefold. NSC were depleted in noninfested roots of R+L plants as well, giving strength to the hypothesis of intense metabolites translocation in favor of the insect. A more distinct physiological depression in R+L vines compared to L was highlighted, even if the total biomass reduction was more marked in L plants. Our preliminary results suggest that the insect reprograms plant metabolism stimulating a more conservative water use, while competing with the host plant for carbon resources. Further studies should validate current results and quantify the NSC invested in the plant’s defense against the pest.
Snow Patches and Their Influence on Coastal Erosion at Baydaratskaya Bay Coast, Kara Sea, Russian Arctic
Authors: Bogatova (Aleksyutina) Daria , Buldovich Sergey , Khilimonyuk Vanda
Published: May 2021

The Arctic coastal environment is a very dynamic system and sensitive to any changes. In our research we demonstrate that nivation (snow patch activity) impacts the Arctic landscape especially in the coastal dynamic at the western part of Russian Arctic. During fieldwork, snowbanks were described and studied and their qualitative role in the development of coastal systems was revealed for Baydaratskaya Bay coast, the Kara Sea. On one side, the large snow cover protects the coastal slope from thermodenudation and thermoabrasion; on the other side, a thick layer of snow affects the ground temperature regime. During snow melting, snow patches contribute to the removal of material from the coastal slope. The quantitative effect of snow on the ground temperature regime was assessed according to numerical simulations. The critical snow thickness was determined based on a calculation. Critical snow thicknesses based on simulation and field data correlated well. The numerical simulation showed the talik formation under the snow patch. Talik size essentially depends on the freezing temperature of sediment (influenced by salinity). The changes of ground temperature regime might further generate thawing settlement of sediment under snow and contribute to beach topography, which might be a trigger for thermoabrasion.
A Computationally Efficient Shallow Water Model for Mixed Cohesive and Non-Cohesive Sediment Transport in the Yangtze Estuary
Authors: Hu Peng , Tao Junyu , Ji Aofei , Li Wei , He Zhiguo
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a computationally efficient shallow water model is developed for sediment transport in the Yangtze Estuary by considering mixed cohesive and non-cohesive sediment transport. It is firstly shown that the model is capable of reproducing tidal-hydrodynamics in the estuarine region. Secondly, it is demonstrated that the observed temporal variation of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) for mixed cohesive and non-cohesive sediments can be well-captured by the model with calibrated parameters (i.e., critical shear stresses for erosion/deposition, erosion coefficient). Numerical comparative studies indicate that: (1) consideration of multiple sediment fraction (both cohesive and non-cohesive sediments) is important for accurate modeling of SSC in the Yangtze Estuary; (2) the critical shear stress and the erosion coefficient is shown to be site-dependent, for which intensive calibration may be required; and (3) the Deepwater Navigation Channel (DNC) project may lead to enhanced current velocity and thus reduced sediment deposition in the North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary. Finally, the implementation of the hybrid local time step/global maximum time step (LTS/GMaTS) (using LTS to update the hydro-sediment module but using GMaTS to update the morphodynamic module) can lead to a reduction of as high as 90% in the computational cost for the Yangtze Estuary. This advantage, along with its well-demonstrated quantitative accuracy, indicates that the present model should find wide applications in estuarine regions.
Sex Selection Bias in Schizophrenia Antipsychotic Trials—An Update Systematic Review
Authors: Fonseca Lais , Machado Viviane , Luersen Yaskara C. , Paraventi Felipe , Doretto Larissa , Chaves Ana Cristina
Published: May 2021

The lack of female participation in antipsychotic trials for schizophrenia poses an important issue regarding its applicability, with direct and real-life repercussions to clinical practice. Here, our aim is to systematically review the sampling sex bias among randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of second-generation antipsychotics—namely risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole—as an update to a previous 2005 review. We searched MEDLINE and the Cochrane database for studies published through 7 September 2020 that assessed adult samples of at least 50 subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizophrenia spectrum disorder, or broad psychosis, in order to investigate the percentage of women recruited and associated factors. Our review included 148 RCTs, published from 1993 to 2020, encompassing 43,961 subjects. Overall, the mean proportion of women was 34%, but only 17 trials included 50% or more females. Younger samples, studies conducted in North America, pharmaceutical funding and presence of specific exclusion criteria for women (i.e., pregnancy, breast-feeding or lack of reliable contraceptive) were associated with a lower prevalence of women in the trials. Considering the possible different effects of antipsychotics in both sexes, and our lack of knowledge on the subject due to sampling bias, it is imperative to expand actions aimed at bridging this gap.
PERÍCIA AMBIENTAL REFERENTE À APURAÇÃO DE SUPOSTA LESÃO AO MEIO AMBIENTE POR MEIO DE INTERVENÇÃO EM ÁREA DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE, INTERVENÇÃO NO RECURSO HÍDRICO E CONSTRUÇÃO DE BARRAMENTO EM CURSO D’ÁGUA.
Authors: Lopes Geisy De Cássia , Milane Ernane Machado , Sampaio Cristiane Pires
Published: May 2021

A perícia é uma atividade utilizada para diversos fins e que apresenta também seu viés na área ambiental. A perícia ambiental destina-se à avaliação dos danos ambientais, produzidos por ação antrópica ou natural, que venham a prejudicar suas condições originárias, alterando-os ou degradando-os. A perícia em questão refere-se à apuração da suposta lesão ao meio ambiente por meio de intervenção em área de preservação permanente, intervenção no recurso hídrico e construção de barramento em curso d’água, sem as devidas autorizações do órgão ambiental competente. O objetivo do trabalho foi levantar e avaliar os danos ambientais descritos nos autos de um inquérito civil. Com base na vistoria in loco, nas análises de imagens de satélite e nas legislações vigentes, constatou-se a intervenção em APP por meio de construção de casa de alvenaria às margens do curso d’água sem a devida autorização, ampliação de barramento e movimentação de terra em área de APP, aterrando a cobertura vegetal rasteira sem a supressão de vegetação nativa. Verificou-se também, que não ocorreu o aterramento do curso d’água.
LEVANTAMENTO FITOSSOCIOLOGICO DE PLANTAS DANINHAS APÓS A APLICAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES MISTURAS DE TANQUE COM FLUAZIFOPE EM ÁREA DE CULTIVO DE MANDIOCA
Authors: Pontes Junior Vicente Bezerra , Lima Alessandro Da Costa , Silva Francisco Ronaldo Cardoso , Tavares Treyce Stephane Cristo , Nogueira Daniel Costa , Figueiredo Martinho Melo , Miranda Phelipe Henrique Costa de , Pires Gabriela Tavares , VIANA RAFAEL GOMES
Published: May 2021

A presença de plantas daninhas na cultura da mandioca configura-se como um dos principais fatores atrelado ao baixo incremento na produção desta cultura, uma vez que, o crescimento inicial lento de grande parte das plantas cultivadas, facilita a competição com plantas daninhas, levando à redução da produtividade e consequentemente do lucro da produção. Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar o levantamento fitossociológico de plantas daninhas, após a aplicação de diferentes misturas de tanque com fluazifop-P-Butil em área de cultivo de mandioca. Os tratamentos constituíram-se pela combinação de: Fluazifop-P-Butílico; Fluazifop-P-Butílico + Metsulfuron Metílico; Fluazifop-P-Butílico + Isoxaflutol; Fluazifope-P-Butílico + Flumioxazina e Controle (sem herbicida). Para o estudo fitossociológico, utilizou-se o método do quadrado inventário, aplicado por meio de um quadrado de 0,5m x 0,5m, lançado ao acaso, totalizando quatro lançamentos por tratamento. Com os dados obtidos, foi possível efetuar os cálculos de parâmetros fitossociológicos, entre eles o índice de valor de importância (IVI) de cada espécie, assim como, o agrupamento hierárquico de similaridade, pelo método UPGMA. Concluiu-se que o tratamento composto apenas pelo herbicida Fluazifop-P-Butílico apresentou o melhor controle para as plantas invasoras, principalmente a da espécie Paspalum maritimum, que apresentou os maiores valores de IVI.
TO THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINING THE NATURE OF CORPOREALITY INTELLIGENCE OF PERSONALITY
Authors: Siliytina O.
Published: May 2021

The article is aimed to reveal the theoretical review of corporeality intelligence of the individual essence problem. Different philosophical and psychological scientific views of corporeality’s role in human life are analyzed. The specificity of considering the «body image» and «physical self» personality in classical and contemporary scientific research is defined. The role of corporeality in the functioning of the individual in the modern conditions of the technogenic society is determined. The theoretical understanding of the essence of corporeality intelligence and its phenomenology in human behavior is described.Corporeality intelligence is described as an important component in self- consciousness and as a factor that determine the achievement of satisfaction in life and activity, personality’s self-realization success. Corporeality intelligence is defined a set of knowledge about the body and its nature, body skills and abilities of a person.
SCHIZOPHRENIA: THE SEARCH FOR GENETIC RISK FACTORS
Authors: Pomohaibo V. , Berezan O. , Petrushov A.
Published: May 2021

The risk of schizophrenia is caused by mutations in brain expressed genes. Four groups of mutations are distinguished: single-nucleotide polymorphisms, single-nucleotide variants, small insertions/deletions and copy number variations. Each individual disruptive allele has a weak clinical effect, but their certain complex causes schizophrenia hereditary liability. Currently almost 30 alleles with SNPs were identified, but theirs can be several thousands. It was showed that 2546 genes with SNVs and InDel have a higher probability of being associated with schizophrenia. It was identified more than 20 schizophrenia risk loci with CNVs that are distributed over the genome-wide.It was noted that the genetic mechanism of schizophrenia is extremely complex and far from understanding. Satisfactory genetic model of this disease does not exist for the present. It is proposed a classification of schizophrenia risk alleles according to their frequency: common, rare and de novo.
PSYCHOTHERAPY: DISCUSSION ISSUES OF TRAINING AND ACTIVITIES OF PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Kalmykov H.
Published: May 2021

The article deals with highlighting of the results of psychological problem analysis demanded by the current state of the development of psychotherapy – medical and psychological science and practice of treatment by word; establishing the relationship between psychology, psychiatry and psychotherapy, which has been recently formed in the world practice on providing psychological care; identifying the ideas of scientists and practitioners working in the field of psychotherapy, the strategies and tactics of training future psychotherapists in universities. The article presents debatable, sometimes diametrically opposed, views of domestic and foreign scientists (physicians, practicing psychotherapists and supervisors) on the definition of their own, different from each other, subjects in psychology, psychiatry and psychotherapy - sciences related to a common object of study – the human psyche, as well as which of the specialists who provide psychological assistance has the right to work as a psychotherapist. Considerable attention in the content of this article is paid to the explanation of what points of view exist in the representatives of science, public organizations, medicine and psychology on the delimitation of psychotherapeutic functions and powers of psychotherapists at present; showing how the competencies of psychiatrists, psychologists, psychoanalysts, medical psychotherapists and psychologists-psychotherapists differ, and what are the specific differences between them. The traditions and author’s understanding of training the future psychotherapists in medical and psychological institutions of higher education and retraining of specialists in the field of psychotherapy, as well as the role and importance of psycholinguistic knowledge, discursive skills, abilities and competencies in psychotherapeutic education are described. The results of monitoring the content of training the psychotherapists in medical and psychological institutions of higher education in the specialties: “clinical psychology”, “psychotherapy” are shown, the imperfection characteristic for the current psychotherapeutic education are described, and it is emphasized on existing of the problem of significant terminological disorder not only among the names of specialities acording to which the psychotherapists are trained, but also in the educational and professional qualifications received by future specialists. It is proved that regardless of the medical or psychological sphere in psychotherapy, it cannot exist and develop in a promising direction without applied psycholinguistics, which equips it with scientifically substatiated rational means, in particular speech-language psychotechnics, metamodels of psychological (discursive) influence, samples of psychotherapeutic discourses providing lapidary effective intervention in the subconscious and conscious layers of the psyche of clients / patients.
THE STUDY OF PERSONALITY’S PSYCHO-ENERGY STATES SELF-REGULATION IN THE EXTREME ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Kuzikova S.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of self-regulation of psychoenergetic states of the individual in an extreme environment. Theoretical analysis of the concept of subjective vitality in psychology in accordance with various scientific theories is presented. Vitality is presented as a subjectively perceived state that reflects the fullness of vitality and energy. Self-determination (autonomy) and competence are defined as conditions for enhancing subjective vitality. It is noted that high vitality is the opposite pole of depression. Depression is understood as a mental state and mood disorder. The content of the phenomenon of depression, symptoms and some reasons for its occurrence are revealed. Psychological and physiological factors of increase and depletion of vital energy of the person are analyzed. An analysis of the results of an empirical study of subjective vitality and depression in parachuting. The features of the chosen type of sports activity, which are essential for research, are commented.

Skydivers have a high level of subjective vitality as a condition, dispositional vitality as a personal quality and a low level of depression. A comparative analysis of the results with the indicators of the control group, which indicated a direct positive impact of skydiving on the overall level of vital energy of the individual. It has been found that the level of subjective vitality in parachutists decreases at the end of the jumping season, while the level of depressive manifestations increases. Emphasis is placed on the importance of subjective activity, interpersonal interaction with like-minded people, experiences of self-competence, control over circumstances.

Groups of empirical methods were used in the study: psychodiagnostic method (method of studying the subjective and dispositional vitality of R. Ryan and K. Frederick, Beck depression scale); from the group of methods of analysis (processing) of data: qualitative and quantitative analysis of the obtained results, methods of computer processing of experimental data. The study involved 180 respondents aged 22 to 50 years, 90 representatives of parachuting and 90 respondents of the control group. Empirical research was carried out on the basis of: Aviation Complex “Avia-Soyuz” Aerodrome “Maiske”. All study participants received informed consent to participate in the study.