bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interlude
Authors: Cohen Judah M.
Published: May 2015

This chapter shares its author’s experience in Uganda, where the drama group at the Mbarara chapter of The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) sing, dance, and act out a message of hope in the face of the AIDS epidemic. The Drama Group in Mbarara includes members who are HIV-positive, singing choral songs and rousing the audience to fight AIDS, to get tested for HIV, and to remember that everyone—including priests, doctors, and school headmasters—is susceptible to the disease. Their case highlights the valuable role played by music in helping communities negotiate the often contradictory messages they are hearing about AIDS. Aside from being a crucial factor in disseminating information about HIV/AIDS, music also helps Ugandans provide information about AIDS research and treatments available in a culturally robust context.
HIV/AIDS Poster Campaigns in Malawi1
Authors: Breitinger Eckhard
Published: May 2015

This chapter examines the ways public visual culture reorients images, aphorisms, and cultural norms into anti-AIDS messages by focusing on HIV/AIDS poster campaigns in Malawi. It shows how frequently seen and strategically placed public placards can make a state-sponsored campaign effective in transforming entire landscapes of discourse to conform to desired parameters of HIV/AIDS knowledge. The posters display moral, ethical, and aesthetic values that are current in sections of Malawian society, thus offering one strategy for government intervention in a multi-front battle against a devastating and vexing pandemic. The concluding statement of all these posters is: Kukhulupirirana wamba sikungakutetezeni ku kachilombo ka HIV (Just trusting each other cannot protect you against the HIV virus). The term kachilombo (meaning virus) provides a remarkable example of how African languages manage to transliterate medical, technical, or scientific terms into elegant and precisely coined phrases through allegorical or proverbial figurative speech.
Singing Songs of AIDS in Venda, South Africa
Authors: McNeill Fraser G. , James Deborah
Published: May 2015

This chapter describes an HIV/AIDS campaign in Venda, South Africa that employs female peer educators who incorporate and adapt a mix of anti-apartheid, religious, and local musical styles into their public promotion of safer sex. Through the strategic combination of songs from the anti-apartheid struggle, Christian churches and “traditional” repertoires, peer educators attempt a symbolic and material transformation of themselves from unemployed rural women to quasi-social workers. Music is central to this process, not only because it provides an easily accessible and readily understandable medium for the transmission of knowledge, but also because the peer educators claim to “sing about what they cannot talk about.” This campaign, however, has also spurred a musical counter-discourse from a male-dominated solo genre known as zwilombe, which accuses the women’s messages (along with the campaign) as manipulative and exploitative. The chapter highlights the inherent dangers of privileging songs that are rooted in bioscientific worldviews over those which emerge from folk cosmologies of health and/or sickness.
A Lady Who is an Akadongo Player
Authors: Emanuel Rebekah
Published: May 2015

This chapter focuses on the songs performed by Ugandan traditional singer and akadongo (plucked lamellophone) player Vilimina Nakiranda. It analyzes the layers of Vilimina’s song by explicating the symbols she uses and how they portray gender, AIDS, and marginalization as interconnected societal ills. It then considers how Vilimina transforms these symbols from the standard bearers of traditional hierarchy to playful and assertive images of a new sexual order. It also discusses the six arguments Vilimina puts forward to convince her audience to change. On the basis of her song-texts, the chapter suggests that Vilimina is much more than a village-based entertainer. Her songs instead show her to be a powerful advocate for women’s rights and issues related to HIV/AIDS health care disparities in her rural region. The chapter demonstrates that the elaborate codes and metaphors adopted by Vilimina draw on traditional values to stimulate social change through musical performance.
Organizational Structure
Authors: Tagg Barbara M.
Published: May 2015

This chapter talks about the organizational structures of choirs. Specifically, it deals with creating the framework for the organization of a choir. This includes incorporation, nonprofit designation, bylaws, the structure of a board of directors, agendas, committees, and other management topics. It argues that choirs must have strong structures to support the important work of education, musicianship, and artistry in school, church, or community contexts. It is important to get people on board and keep everyone focused on the organization’s mission.
Morphology of Puccinia horiana, Causal Agent of Chrysanthemum White Rust, Sampled From Naturally Infected Plants
Authors: O’Keefe G. , Davis D. D.
Published: May 2015

Chrysanthemum white rust (CWR), caused by Puccinia horiana, is pathogenic on many Chrysanthemum spp. and close relatives, and infects commercially important florist chrysanthemum cultivars (Chrysanthemum × morifolium) throughout the world. Due to regulations, most research and observations with CWR are done in vitro with symptomatic plants. In contrast, research presented herein is based on microscopic examination of symptomatic and asymptomatic plants collected from natural outbreaks in the field. We observed scattered (not in a linear pattern) telial sori on infected chrysanthemum leaves, stems, and flowers that coalesced at high infection levels. Teliospores were mainly two-celled but occasionally one- or three-celled. Promycelia arose from the apical teliospore cell, the basal cell, or both. The number of basidiospores on promycelia varied from one to four. Germ tubes, arising from P. horiana basidiospores, penetrated the host epidermis directly without appressoria. A mucilaginous exudate formed at the site of attachment and penetration of leaf and stem tissue, as well as on internal cell walls. P. horiana colonization was systemic, with intercellular mycelium and intracellular M-haustoria in both symptomatic and asymptomatic infected host tissue. Hyphal anastomosis was observed within infected plants, suggesting that asexual fusion between different P. horiana pathotypes or genotypes might occur.
Functional Assessment in Tibial Hemimelia (Can We Also Save the Foot in Reconstruction?)
Authors: Shahcheraghi G. Hossain , Javid Mahzad
Published: May 2015

Background:

The congenital absence of the tibia is a rare disease, and an orthopaedic surgeon may not encounter such cases during the course of his/her career. This is the largest report to date of the management of such cases by a single surgeon. The foot and leg were persevered in the majority of the cases, and a functional evaluation system was used to report outcomes.

Methods:

Thirty-six patients with tibial hemimelia, who had been under the direct care of the authors since infancy, were evaluated clinically and radiographically. The patients or their parents filled out the Pediatric Quality of Life and the parents’ satisfaction forms. The surgical interventions performed, and their effects on school attendance and, and also the shoe type they wore were documented.

Results:

Thirty-six patients (19 girls and 17 boys) with 48 tibial-deficient limbs (19 right, 5 left, and 12 both right and left sides) were studied. The patients were assessed at 12 years (2.5 to 32.5 y), with a mean follow-up of 9 years (2 to 23 y). The 48 limbs included 14 type I, 16 type II, 11 type IV, and 7 unclassified by using the Jones classification; and 6 type I, 11 type II, 16 type III, 1 type IV, and 14 type VII by using the Weber classification. Primary amputation was performed in 8 patients (10 limbs) and limb preservation surgeries on 38 legs (28 patients). Tibiofibular synostosis, centralization of the ankle, and Ilizarov lengthening were the most common procedures. Nonunion of tibiofibular synostosis (2 cases) and knee stiffness (6 cases) were the main complications. Among the reconstructed limbs, 12 were in regular and 18 in modified shoes. The Pediatric Quality of Life of 68 points in the reconstructed group was a significant achievement, and it was also better than the score of patients who had undergone amputation.

Conclusion:

Reconstruction of tibial hemimelia with foot preservation provides good functional outcome in the majority of cases.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV.
The sensory ecology of adaptive landscapes
Authors: Jordan Lyndon A. , Ryan Michael J.
Published: May 2015

In complex environments, behavioural plasticity depends on the ability of an animal to integrate numerous sensory stimuli. The multidimensionality of factors interacting to shape plastic behaviour means it is difficult for both organisms and researchers to predict what constitutes an adaptive response to a given set of conditions. Although researchers may be able to map the fitness pay-offs of different behavioural strategies in changing environments, there is no guarantee that the study species will be able to perceive these pay-offs. We thus risk a disconnect between our own predictions about adaptive behaviour and what is behaviourally achievable given theumweltof the animal being studied. This may lead to erroneous conclusions about maladaptive behaviour in circumstances when the behaviour exhibited is the most adaptive possible given sensory limitations. With advances in the computational resources available to behavioural ecologists, we can now measure vast numbers of interactions among behaviours and environments to create adaptive behavioural surfaces. These surfaces have massive heuristic, predictive and analytical potential in understanding adaptive animal behaviour, but researchers using them are destined to fail if they ignore the sensory ecology of the species they study. Here, we advocate the continued use of these approaches while directly linking them to perceptual space to ensure that the topology of the generated adaptive landscape matches the perceptual reality of the animal it intends to study. Doing so will allow predictive models of animal behaviour to reflect the reality faced by the agents on adaptive surfaces, vastly improving our ability to determine what constitutes an adaptive response for the animal in question.
Neural mechanisms of infant learning: differences in frontal theta activity during object exploration modulate subsequent object recognition
Authors: Begus Katarina , Southgate Victoria , Gliga Teodora
Published: May 2015

Investigating learning mechanisms in infancy relies largely on behavioural measures like visual attention, which often fail to predict whether stimuli would be encoded successfully. This study explored EEG activity in the theta frequency band, previously shown to predict successful learning in adults, to directly study infants' cognitive engagement, beyond visual attention. We tested 11-month-old infants (
N
= 23) and demonstrated that differences in frontal theta-band oscillations, recorded during infants' object exploration, predicted differential subsequent recognition of these objects in a preferential-looking test. Given that theta activity is modulated by motivation to learn in adults, these findings set the ground for future investigation into the drivers of infant learning.
Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards CBE. 27 September 1925 — 10 April 2013
Authors: Gardner Sir Richard
Published: May 2015

Robert Geoffrey Edwards was fiercely proud of his Yorkshire origin. After a faltering start to his academic career, he developed an extraordinary aptitude for original research, which he pursued with energy, enthusiasm and dedication that very few could match. He pioneered the most significant advance in the history of treating human infertility, established proof of principle for preimplantation diagnosis of genetic disease, and was the first to advocate the use of spare embryos as a source of stem cells for regenerative medicine. He not only promoted a better understanding of early human development, but he also provided invaluable insight into the many ethical issues raised by such work. Moreover, he played a key role in establishing both an international learned society and serving as editor of several journals devoted to the study of human reproduction and embryology.
Behaviour in captivity predicts some aspects of natural behaviour, but not others, in a wild cricket population
Authors: Fisher David N. , James Adèle , Rodríguez-Muñoz Rolando , Tregenza Tom
Published: May 2015

Examining the relevance of ‘animal personality’ involves linking consistent among- and within-individual behavioural variation to fitness in the wild. Studies aiming to do this typically assay personality in captivity and rely on the assumption that measures of traits in the laboratory reflect their expression in nature. We examined this rarely tested assumption by comparing laboratory and field measurements of the behaviour of wild field crickets (Gryllus campestris) by continuously monitoring individual behaviour in nature, and repeatedly capturing the same individuals and measuring their behaviour in captivity. We focused on three traits that are frequently examined in personality studies: shyness, activity and exploration. All of them showed repeatability in the laboratory. Laboratory activity and exploration predicted the expression of their equivalent behaviours in the wild, but shyness did not. Traits in the wild were predictably influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and sunlight, but only activity showed appreciable within-individual repeatability. This suggests that some behaviours typically studied as personality traits can be accurately assayed in captivity, but the expression of others may be highly context-specific. Our results highlight the importance of validating the relevance of laboratory behavioural assays to analogous traits measured in the wild.
Streptococcus pharyngis sp. nov., a novel streptococcal species isolated from the respiratory tract of wild rabbits
Authors: Vela Ana I. , Casas-Díaz Encarna , Lavín Santiago , Domínguez Lucas , Fernández-Garayzábal Jose F.
Published: May 2015

Four isolates of an unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative coccus-shaped organism, isolated from the pharynx of four wild rabbits, were characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. The micro-organisms were tentatively assigned to the genus Streptococcus based on cellular morphological and biochemical criteria, although the organisms did not appear to correspond to any species with a validly published name. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed their identification as members of the genus Streptococcus, being most closely related phylogenetically to Streptococcus porcorum 682-03T (96.9  % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Analysis of rpoB and sodA gene sequences showed divergence values between the novel species and S. porcorum 682-03T (the closest phylogenetic relative determined from 16S rRNA gene sequences) of 18.1 and 23.9  %, respectively. The novel bacterial isolate could be distinguished from the type strain of S. porcorum by several biochemical characteristics, such as the production of glycyl-tryptophan arylamidase and α-chymotrypsin, and the non-acidification of different sugars. Based on both phenotypic and phylogenetic findings, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be assigned to a novel species of the genus Streptococcus, and named Streptococcus pharyngis sp. nov. The type strain is DICM10-00796BT ( = CECT 8754T = CCUG 66496T).
Pontivivens insulae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from seawater
Authors: Park Sooyeon , Won Sung-Min , Park Ji-Min , Jung Yong-Taek , Yoon Jung-Hoon
Published: May 2015

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated GYSW-23T, was isolated from seawater off Geoje island in the South Sea, South Korea. Strain GYSW-23T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of approximately 2.0–3.0   % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GYSW-23T forms a distinct evolutionary lineage independent of other taxa of the family Rhodobacteraceae. It exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 94.0, 93.5, 93.4 and 93.4 % to the type strains of Roseovarius aestuarii, Ruegeria marina, Roseovarius pacificus and Oceanicola litoreus, respectively, and 93.6 % to ‘Actibacterium atlanticum’ 22II-S11-z10. Strain GYSW-23T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18  :  1ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain GYSW-23T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified aminolipid. The fatty acid and polar lipid profiles of strain GYSW-23T were distinguishable from those of the phylogenetically related taxa. The DNA G+C content of strain GYSW-23T was 60.6 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain GYSW-23T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Pontivivens insulae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Pontivivens insulae is GYSW-23T ( = KCTC 42458T = CECT 8812T).
Crystal structure ofN-carbamothioyl-2-methylbenzamide
Authors: Adam Farook , Ameram Nadiah , Tan Wai Mun
Published: May 2015

There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C9H10N2OS. In one, the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the carbamothioyl group is 52.31 (7)° and in the other it is 36.16 (6)°. Each molecule features an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond, which generates anS(6) ring and the O and S atoms have anantidisposition. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...S and N—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating separate [130] and [1-30] infinite chains. Weak C—H...O and C—H...S interactions are also observed.
Sustainability reporting and assurance in Portugal
Authors: Gomes Sónia Ferreira , Eugénio Teresa Cristina Pereira , Branco Manuel Castelo
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to provide a descriptive comprehensive analysis of sustainability reporting (SR) and assurance in Portugal after the onset of the most recent economic crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors analyze 290 sustainability reports for the years 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, and find those that include assurance statements and characterize them.

Findings

– The authors present evidence supporting the view that the Portuguese sustainability reporting assurance (SRA) market follows the international trends and suggest that the most recent economic crisis had a negative effect in terms of publication of sustainability reports but not in terms of its quality and assurance.

Research limitations/implications

– The authors merely provide descriptive evidence of SR and the assurance thereof in Portugal.

Originality/value

– The authors contribute significantly to the literature on SRA in peripheral countries and in the period of crisis.
Information literacy of students as a correlate of their use of electronic resources in university libraries in Nigeria
Authors: Ukachi Ngozi Blessing
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship existing between undergraduate students’ information literacy skills and their use of electronic resources (ERs) located in university libraries in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

– The descriptive design was adopted for the research questions, while the correlational design was adopted for the hypothesis. The purposive sampling technique was also adopted in selecting 12 university libraries which the preliminary study had revealed that they have Internet access and also subscribe to ERs in the south-west geopolitical zone in Nigeria. Questionnaire and oral interview were used for data collection. The population size consists of all the 36,116 library-registered undergraduate students in the 12 universities, while the sample size is 1,806 (5 per cent of the population) and the 12 librarians heading the ERs sections of the libraries.

Findings

– The findings revealed that ERs are not adequately utilized, undergraduate students do not possess adequate information literacy skills necessary for optimal utilization of the libraries’ ERs and strong positive correlation between level of undergraduate students’ information literacy skill and their use of ERs provided in the library.

Practical implications

– This paper provides practical insights into the impact of possessing inadequate information literacy skills on the use of ERs.

Originality/value

– This paper is the first to relate undergraduate students’ information literacy skills and their use of libraries’ ERs in south-western zone of Nigeria.
Multiple h-index: a new scientometric indicator
Authors: Yaminfirooz Mousa , Gholinia Hemmat
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to evaluate some of the known scientific indexes by using virtual data and proposes a new index, named multiple h-index (mh-index), for removing the limits of these variants.

Design/methodology/approach

– Citation report for 40 researchers in Babol, Iran, was extracted from the Web of Science and entered in a checklist together with their scientific lifetimes and published ages of their papers. Some statistical analyses, especially exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural correlations, were done in SPSS 19.

Findings

– EFA revealed three factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 and explained variance of over 96 per cent in the studied indexes, including the mh-index. Factors 1, 2 and 3 explained 44.38, 28.19 and 23.48 of the variance in the correlation coefficient matrix, respectively. The m-index (with coefficient of 90 per cent) in Factor 1, a-index (with coefficient of 91 per cent) in Factor 2 and h- and h2-indexes (with coefficients of 93 per cent) in Factor 3 had the highest factor loadings. Correlation coefficients and related comparative diagrams showed that the mh-index is more accurate than the other nine variants in differentiating the scientific impact of researchers with the same h-index.

Originality/value

– As the studied variants could not satisfy all limits of the h-index, scientific society needs an index which accurately evaluates individual researcher’s scientific output. As the mh-index has some advantages over the other studied variants, it can be an appropriate alternative for them.
LocalContent: a personal scientific document retrieval system
Authors: Tsai Chih-Fong , Ke Shih-Wen , McGarry Kenneth , Lin Ming-Yi
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel personal scientific document retrieval system. The most common approach taken for the storage of personal documents is to construct a hierarchical folder structure. Most users prefer searching for documents by manually traversing their organizational hierarchy until reaching the location where the target item is stored, then locating the specific documents within its directory or folder. However, this is very time-consuming, especially when the number of personal scientific documents is very large. Unfortunately, related personal information management (PIM) systems, which provide solutions for managing various types of personal information, have thus far made little progress at managing personal scientific documents.

Design/methodology/approach

– In this paper, we introduce the design of a personal scientific document retrieval system, namely, LocalContent. It is composed of database indexing and retrieval stages. During indexing, term feature extraction from scientific documents is performed by the natural language processing technique. The extracted terms are stored in the inverted index for later retrieval. For retrieval, a graphical user interface is provided by LocalContent, which allows users to search their personal scientific documents.

Findings

– The evaluation results based on 20 different personal archives taken from 20 graduate students show that LocalContent is simple to use and can facilitate the search for relevant scientific documents. Moreover, these users were willing to have a system which provides specialized search functions like LocalContent to explore their personal scientific documents in the future.

Originality/value

– LocalContent is a novel scientific document retrieval system and provides several particular functions of LocalContent including displaying the content summary of the query term frequency in each specific section of the retrieved documents, querying by local section specification and providing a number of recommended keywords related to the query terms.
An assessment of the usability of the University of the West Indies (Mona, Jamaica) Main Library’s website
Authors: Duncan Adrian St. Patrick , Durrant Fay
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this study is to provide an assessment of the usability of the University of the West Indies, Mona, Main Library’s Web site by Master of Arts students of the Department of Library and Information Studies (D.L.I.S.) for the identification of major strengths and weaknesses of the site and to incorporate the results and participant feedback into a redesign that reflects users’ intuitions rather than those of the site developers and library staff.

Design/methodology/approach

– One method was used to collect data; Observation. Its instruments included a list of activities executed by students followed by a checklist, which reflected day-to-day usage of the Main Library’s Web site by Master of Arts students in the D.L.I.S. In addition, both usability heuristics and International Standards Organisation (ISO) guidelines were used to assess effectiveness, learnability, usefulness, functionality, navigability and user satisfaction. Respondent strategies used a sample size of five participants in the focus group sessions. Experimental strategies combined observation of five individual participants who performed the usability tests.

Findings

– The findings identified challenges in the site’s navigation, user satisfaction and learnability.

Research limitations/implications

– There can be further assessment, as this study did not speak specifically to students with disabilities or took into consideration the views of the librarians. Additionally, more ethnographic approaches are required to elicit distinctive Caribbean user behaviors.

Practical implications

– The study concludes that usability training should be incorporated into the culture of the library organization as well as more usability testing needs to be done on a more regular basis and on a more student interactive basis.

Originality/value

– The paper presents issues of usability and the impact of technology on information access, memorability, learnability and functionality of an academic library’s Web site.
A gendered lens on entrepreneurship: women entrepreneurship in Turkey
Authors: Maden Ceyda
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– This study aims to shed light on women’s entrepreneurship in Turkey by focusing on the profile of women entrepreneurs, key drivers behind their decision to establish their own business, challenges they face while initiating and running their business and support mechanisms for women entrepreneurs.

Design/methodology/approach

– Semi-structured interviews were conducted by ten successful women entrepreneurs in Turkey. Survey forms were also sent to the representatives of four different organizations that support women entrepreneurship. Three completed survey forms were received back from these organizations. Four key areas that originate from the research question (i.e. profile, drivers, problems and support mechanisms) have constituted the basis of the semi-structured interview guide and that of thematic analysis.

Findings

– The results have revealed that there are important similarities among Turkish women entrepreneurs with respect to their personality traits or characteristics. Successful women entrepreneurs in Turkey were described as being persistent and determined, patient, mentally strong and visionary and innovative. The interviews also revealed that exploiting unique opportunities in the business environment, working for the good of society and being independent in one’s decisions and actions are the major factors behind Turkish women entrepreneurs’ decision to become entrepreneurs. On the other hand, finding and managing capital emerged as the most important problem for women entrepreneurs in Turkey despite the existence of various support mechanisms. Finally, the findings showed that the majority of women entrepreneurs in Turkey use traditional ways (i.e. governmental and non-governmental support mechanisms and banks) to get financial support. Family members and business partners are the other sources of financial support, which may also provide moral support to women entrepreneurs.

Research limitations/implications

– The generalizability of the findings is limited, as the study is exploratory, rather than causal in nature.

Practical implications

– This study provides certain recommendations to the interested parties, such as policymakers, to create a proper economic, social, political, cultural and legal environment for women in which they can freely and willingly go into and run business.

Originality/value

– The paper fills an important gap in the literature by systematically reviewing the extant literature on women entrepreneurship in Turkey and combining and comparing the prior findings with qualitative data derived from the interviews with ten successful women entrepreneurs.
Culture in business relationship interaction: an individual perspective
Authors: Ivanova-Gongne Maria
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to establish a conceptual framework for studying the intercultural aspect of dyadic business relationship interaction from an individual perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper is conceptual in nature. Perspectives on culture and cultural concepts are discussed and critically reviewed for the question of applicability in the study of business relationship interaction from an individual perspective.

Findings

– By focusing on the application of culture in individual sensemaking of interaction events in a business relationship context, a suitable perspective on culture is chosen. A conceptual framework consisting of the concepts related to the chosen perspective is developed. Moreover, propositions concerning the study of culture in individual sensemaking of interaction events are suggested.

Research limitations/implications

– The paper suggests several opportunities for further research, particularly concerning the application of the reviewed concepts to the empirical study of culture in sensemaking of business relationship interaction.

Originality/value

– The paper advocates for a more interpretive and constructive perspective on culture in business relationship interaction studies. Second, it improves understanding of the cultural concepts application in the research on individual sensemaking within a business relationship context. Third, it particularly contributes to the current conceptual underpinning of the International Marketing and Purchasing group studies by reintroducing the concept of culture from an individual perspective.
Business relationships during project afterlife: antecedents, processes, and outcomes
Authors: Ojansivu Ilkka Tapani , Alajoutsijärvi Kimmo , Salo Jari
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this research is to increase understanding of post-project business relationships in service-intensive projects, a topic unexplored to date. This research contributes to the project marketing research focusing on post-project interaction, by building a conceptual research framework capable of illustrating the path from the initiation of a relationship through the project’s afterlife.

Design/methodology/approach

– A comparative case study is used across four different service-intensive project contexts to highlight the conceptual research framework, derived from the IMP-related interaction research, in practice.

Findings

– According to the research findings, there are at least four potential post-project business relationships associated with service-intensive projects. Furthermore, the findings indicate that these relationships embody certain antecedent and process characteristics, enabling us to compile four distinct development paths.

Research limitations/implications

– The four cases of the empirical research were chosen on theoretical grounds to highlight the conceptual research framework in practice, and thus the purpose was mainly descriptive. The findings should be generalized only with caution, as more empirical research is needed in this emerging project context.

Practical implications

– For managers, the findings provide practical guidance to deal with different post-project relationships. They will help managers to initiate, maintain and develop post-project relationships and to avoid a mismatch between relationship antecedent, processes and outcomes.

Originality/value

– Post-project buyer – seller interaction has been studied by the project marketing research stream, but mainly from the perspective of social exchange and sleeping relationships. With the advent of service-intensive projects, however, a whole new breed of post-project business relationships is unfolding and demanding research attention. This research is a step toward understanding the different post-project business relationships associated with service-intensive projects.
The development of new sponsorship deals as new business-to-business services
Authors: Athanasopoulou Pinelopi , Sarli Elena
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the process followed by sponsors and sport properties in developing their sponsorship deals as seen from a new service development (NSD) perspective. Sponsorships are expensive and can be a source of sustainable competitive advantage if managed appropriately. Therefore, the authors need to approach sponsorship strategically and formalise sponsorship decision-making. Sponsorships are considered to be complex, relationship-based, business-to-business services, and the development of such services has been analysed in the NSD literature. As past research on the development process of sponsorship deals is limited, the use of an NSD perspective can help in formalising sponsorship decision-making.

Design/methodology/approach

– Four case studies were conducted involving two professional, premier league football clubs and two sponsoring organisations, one major sponsor for each club. One of the dyads involved a brand new sponsorship deal and the other a renewal.

Findings

– Results showed that in both dyads, the development process of the new service follows the NSD process of other complex, relationship-based, business-to-business services and involves three main phases, namely, information collection, proposal preparation and presentation or receipt and analysis, and negotiations and contract sign. All four firms use a semi-formal and flexible process, whereas the actors in each stage vary. Also, the new deal requires a more lengthy process than the renewal, following the example of really new and me-too services. Multi-functional teams are not present, and top management involvement is important only in the last stage of the process.

Research limitations/implications

– This paper helps in analysing the development process of new sponsorship deals, as new business-to-business services. However, it involves only four cases and has limited generalisability. Future research should substantiate results with more cases or quantitative research.

Practical implications

– Results can help sponsors and sponsees to structure their processes for successful development of new sponsorship deals. Also, as new sponsorship deals seem to be developed the same way with other business-to-business, complex services, potential sponsors that are big service providers can probably enjoy synergies from using the same or a slightly different process than the one they use for developing their main services. Finally, the use of a semi-formal and flexible process in sponsorship development can be helpful in dealing with customised services and rapid NSD that is critical for new service success.

Originality/value

– It is the first time that the development process of sponsorship deals is approached from an NSD perspective and analysed as a new business-to-business service.
Inter-organizational cognitive structures: network conception in MobileTV case
Authors: Ryynänen Harri , Henttonen Kaisa , Salminen Risto Tapio
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to explore collective cognitive structures in business networks by analyzing the coherency of network pictures in a service development network.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors use the network pictures construct as a tool to analyze collective cognitive structures in a service development network. The studied case and unit of analysis is a focal network developing a consumer mobile TV service.

Findings

– Based on the empirical evidence, the authors found that individuals’ cognitive structures vary extensively in the studied focal network. In addition, collective cognitive structures in intra- and inter-organizational settings differ, and thus should be distinguished.

Research limitations/implications

– The research findings are based on a single case study. This study is one of the first attempts to apply network pictures as a research device in industrial marketing. The concept of network conception is put forward, distinguishing intra- and inter-organizational levels of collective cognition.

Practical implications

– The employed conceptual tool is proposed for application also when forming a business network, where it is important to make all actors’ (i.e. persons and companies) perspectives on the emerging focal business network visible.

Originality/value

– To study the focal network-level collective cognitive structures further, the authors propose the concept of network conception to represent the phenomenon. The present study contributes to the research on collective cognitive structures in industrial marketing by extending understanding on individual- and organizational-level cognitions to a focal network-level collective cognition.
Economic sociology and the ARA interaction model
Authors: Raskovic Matevz
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to apply an economic sociology perspective to the activity–resource–actor (ARA) interaction model for business relationships. Interaction has been chosen as a conceptual domain where economic sociology has a particularly high potential to advance business-to-business (B2B) marketing in terms of its future research directions.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper provides a structured account of economic sociology through the description of eight key economic sociology concepts and discussion of the structuration theory. This is followed by an overview of the usage of the eight key economic sociology concepts in current B2B marketing research, and concludes with outlining eight specific future research directions which guide future research on interaction in business relationships.

Findings

– Eight economic sociology concepts are identified: embeddedness, networks, institutions, power, social capital, identity, social structures and cognition. An overview of the application of these constructs within the B2B marketing literature shows how most of them are used as metaphors with a gap in understanding their economic sociology background.

Research limitations/implications

– Future research directions are described individually, do not include potential interaction effects and are developed within the ARA interaction model framework. Given the conceptual nature of the paper, it does not provide any empirical data and illustrations related to any of the eight key economic sociology concepts.

Originality/value

– The paper answers a call for a wider integration of economic sociology into the B2B marketing literature. It provides a systematic eight-concept economic sociology framework to be used by B2B marketing theorists and researchers. The paper finishes with eight concrete future research directions through which an economic sociology perspective can help advance B2B marketing theory and business relationship management practice. A brief discussion of managerial implications is also provided at the end.
ATALM annual conference on Indigenous Archives, Libraries, and Museums
Authors: Ghosh Maitrayee
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to summarize the Association of Tribal Archives, Libraries and Museum’s (ATALM) 7th annual conference events and focus on best practices in indigenous archives, libraries and museums. The city Palm Springs, California, played host to an “eventful” ATALM 2014 international conference which featured diverse range of activities, namely, poem reading from personal collection, melodious flute playing by native players, an open house and cultural evening at a tribal museum, etc. The conference brought together 520 registered delegates from the USA, Canada and Mexico.

Design/methodology/approach

– This report is an outline of selected ATALM 2014 conference events in Palm Springs based on the theme “Indigenous Archives, Libraries and Museums”. It summarizes selective events, namely, onsite workshops and poster session.

Findings

– The conference focused on indigenous culture, as the participants discussed challenges and opportunities in sustaining cultural sovereignty of native nations. The hands-on or interactive labs/workshops were centered on the activities and needs of tribal archives, especially on preservation of cultural heritage. As a Fulbright scholar, the author was interested to know about American tribal history, indigenous culture, native archives and libraries, and excited to see the country’s desert scenery. Additionally, ATALM scholarship/financial support encouraged the author to attend the conference, and finally, the heat of the desert which accentuated the beauty of Palm Springs makes a complete experience.

Originality/value

– The ATALM conferences are the important conference because of the participation of large number of tribal libraries and cultural heritage keeping organizations serving indigenous population. The ATALM 2014 covered areas like successful collaborations between tribal and non-tribal organizations, and building strategic networks among outside and within the communities.
Third generation of the Web: libraries, librarians and Web 3.0
Authors: Ahmed Waqar
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to explain the historic development of Web from the first generation to the second generation and now to the upcoming, third generation of the Web. It describes the importance of Web 3.0 and its other sub-functions to the librarians and their importance in the libraries. The basic purpose of this study is to give librarians an insight about the upcoming technologies.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper is designed as an explanatory study using historic and literature search techniques, and is presented in an essay format containing the brief history of web, its current and coming technologies and its advantages and disadvantages.

Findings

– The finding and results indicate how the Web was designed into its current form. Findings show that at the next level, the interactions will become three ways. The robotics, artificial intelligence and semantic systems will help human in solving their queries.

Research limitations/implications

– The Web is spreading while new applications and technologies are inventing every day. This research may not be containing all the Web 3.0 applications, advantages and drawbacks.

Practical implications

– This paper includes the details of the Web applications that are used in Web 3.0. This article not only gives an insight to the Web applications related to the libraries but also indicates the advantages and drawbacks.

Originality/value

– This paper points out some very important applications to be used in the libraries in Web 3.0 environment, while a consideration of advantages and drawbacks makes this research more valuable for the librarians.
From paper to pixels: using Google Forms for collaboration and assessment
Authors: Djenno Mireille , Insua Glenda M. , Pho Annie
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of Google Forms in the university library instruction classroom. Librarians at the Richard J. Daley Library at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) began using Google Forms as a way of increasing active learning and as an instrument of formative assessment. The paper describes the information literacy context at the UIC and gives examples of best practices for using Google Forms in library instruction.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors collaborated with other instruction librarians at their institution to develop Google Forms for use in library instruction sessions and used them primarily in sessions geared toward first-year students.

Findings

– Google Forms provides an easy and inexpensive way to incorporate both active learning and assessment in library instruction sessions. Students and faculty were receptive to their use in the library classroom. These early findings will be incorporated into the longer assessment study by the authors, currently underway.

Originality/value

– While Google Forms has heretofore been used in primary and secondary school settings, it is only now being more widely adopted for use by instruction librarians at the university level. This paper will be of value to those who wish to use Google Forms in library instruction in college and university settings, among others.
Comparative proteomics reveals highly and differentially expressed proteins in field‐collected and laboratory‐cultured blooming cells of the diatom Skeletonema costatum
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Da‐Zhi , Xie Zhang‐Xian , Zhang Shu‐Fei , Wang Ming‐Hua , Lin Lin
Published: May 2015

Diatoms are a major phytoplankton group causing extensive blooms in the ocean. However, little is known about the intracellular biological processes occurring during the blooming period. This study compared the protein profiles of field‐collected and laboratory‐cultured blooming cells of Skeletonema costatum, and identified highly and differentially expressed proteins using the shotgun proteomic approach. A total of 1372 proteins were confidently identified with two or more peptides. Among them, 222 and 311 proteins were unique to the laboratory and field samples respectively. Proteins involved in photosynthesis, translation, nucleosome assembly, carbohydrate and energy metabolism dominated the protein profiles in both samples. However, different features of specific proteins were also found: proteins participated in light harvesting, photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, photoprotection, cell division and redox homeostasis were highly detected in the field sample, whereas proteins involved in translation, amino acid and protein metabolic processes, and nitrogen and carbon assimilation presented high detection rates in the laboratory sample. ATP synthase cf1 subunit beta and light harvest complex protein were the most abundant protein in the laboratory and field samples respectively. These results indicated that S. costatum had evolved adaptive mechanisms to the changing environment, and integrating field and laboratory proteomic data should provide comprehensive understanding of bloom mechanisms.