bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus hits former-Soviet countries
Authors: Zhiltsov S. S.
Published: April 2020

The year of 2020 started a new chapter in the development of former-Soviet countries. The coronavirus epidemic, which began in the Chinese city of Wuhan, has spread to affect all countries throughout the world, including the countries of the former Soviet Union. Its influence has already affected the economic and social development of the countries in the post-Soviet space. Closing borders, stopping tourism, and imposing severe restrictions on transport services were the first measures that contributed to reducing the incidence rates. At the same time, these measures affected bilateral and multilateral trade and economic relations among the countries of the post-Soviet space.

All countries of the post-Soviet space have taken steps to allocate additional funds to combat coronavirus. Ad hoc funds were formed, the review of budget expenditures and revenues began. However, in fact in the first few months the countries faced economic distress, the overcoming of which could take considerable time.

The coronavirus epidemic is taking place against the backdrop of global economic crisis and a sharp drop in oil prices. Economic development models based on increasing consumption without economic growth, increasing the level of external and internal debt have shown their insolvency. In these conditions, the countries of the post-Soviet space, which are highly dependent on the external factor, have also experienced significant economic hardships.

Finally, the «price warfare» in the oil market has a strong influence. The United States and Saudi Arabia’s attempts to achieve dominance in the oil market, by displacing Russia from it, as well, have had a destabilizing impact on the world oil market. This factor has had a direct impact on those former-Soviet countries that produce and export hydrocarbon resources.

In general, the coronavirus epidemic, taking place against the backdrop of global economic challenges and oil competition, will have a negative impact on the economic and political development of former-Soviet countries. The impact of the epidemic, its consequences, will affect the former-Soviet countries for many years to come.
Metodologia de rastreamento administrativo para segurança do paciente: um relato de experiência
Authors: Pinheiro Leisson Domingues , Souza Nazaré do Socorro Lopes de , Quintino Claudete Ferreira , Reyes Paola Alejandra Valenzuela , Neto Jose Batista Luz
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Relatar os benefícios da metodologia tracer ou rastreamento nos processos administrativos para identificar falhas em relação a identificação segura do paciente. Relato de Experiência: Trata-se de um estudo relato de experiência de um Centro integrado de Inclusão e Reabilitação do estado do Pará em relação a implantação do tracer administrativo e evidências dos seus benefícios nos processos de trabalho. O tracer criou evidências acerca do uso da metodologia no setor administrativo, sobretudo quanto aos contextos de sua utilização e os resultados alcançados com diminuição de notificações de incidentes e desenvolvimento de todo o processo educativo e rastreamento no prontuário, apresentação e abordagens dos aspectos negativos e positivos para mediar conhecimentos que contribuem para efetivar o entendimento e as ações para identificação correta dos pacientes. Considerações Finais: O método assentou-se no caráter educativo por seu aspecto em demonstrar o problema, despertar o sensu crítico e reflexivo entre os colaboradores, opção como prática de melhoria na segurança do paciente.
Estado vacinal de adolescentes de uma unidade básica de saúde
Authors: Souza Antônio Tiago da Silva , Amaral Laís Resende de Sousa , Pereira Marianne dos Santos , Freire Valderlene dos Santos , Alves Alysson Santos , Araújo Arthur Phillipe Machado , Pontes Carlos Eduardo Bezerra , Martins Francisco Lukas Rodrigues , Freitas Francisco Ricardo Nascimento , Lima Neto Raimundo Graças Almeida
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: O presente artigo objetivou identificar o estado vacinal dos adolescentes da área adscrita de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família de uma cidade no Estado do Piauí. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo seccional com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido por meio de inquérito domiciliar, no período de abril a julho de 2017. A amostra foi constituída por 361 adolescentes e a análise foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Verificou-se que, a cobertura vacinal contra rubéola, sarampo e caxumba atingiu 42,7% dos adolescentes, difteria e tétano (31,9%), hepatite-B observou-se 42,1% de cobertura, enquanto que, 43,2% dos adolescentes foram vacinados contra febre amarela e 21,1% contra HPV. Destaca-se que, aproximadamente 50% dos entrevistados desconhecem a existência de um cartão de vacina do adolescente e que 58,8% dos adolescentes não sabiam informar contra quais doenças estavam imunizados. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o conhecimento dos adolescentes é incipiente em relação à imunização, destacando-se assim, a necessidade da realização de ações educativas  pelos profissionais da saúde em parceria com as escolas.
Clareamento dental, aplicação em dentes vitais: uma revisão de literature
Authors: Neto José Milton  de Aquino e Silva , Silva Bruno Ramos da , Barros Kaynan Ferreira , Brandão Medeiros Michelle Leão Bittencourt , Almeida Barros João Vitor Brasil Alves Rodrigues
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como finalidade analisar as indicações referente ao clareamento dental em dentes vitais, os melhores procedimentos clínicos e as condutas necessárias para a obtenção de um melhor resultado. Métodos: Foi estabelecida uma revisão de literatura, com caráter descritivo e informativo, onde se estabeleceu a elaboração mediante buscas por literaturas cientificas, em bases de dados, tendo como descritores: clareamento dental, tipos de clareadores e clareamento dental em consultório. Resultados: O clareamento dental vem sendo ao logo dos anos utilizado cada vez mais pelos Cirurgiões Dentistas (CD) em seus consultórios,  com os respectivos avanços as padronizações vem sendo utilizadas em suas técnicas, utilizando os agentes a base de peróxido de hidrogênio, peróxido de carbamida e perborato de sódio, tendo em vista que o profissional deve ser bastante capacitado e qualificado para saber o limiar de saturação do respectivo tratamento dentário, já que a mudança de cor provocada ao longo dos anos podem ser devido fator congênito ou adquirido. Considerações Finais: O êxito do clareamento dental no resultado final encontra-se diretamente relacionado aos parâmetros e protocolos que os profissionais da área odontológica sigam de forma adequada, observando não só a estética, como também o bem estar do paciente.
Isolation and X-ray Crystal Structure of an Electrogenerated TEMPO–N3 Charge-Transfer Complex
Authors: Nelson Hosea , Siu Juno , Saha Ambarniel , Cascio Duilio , Wu Song-Bai , Lu Chenxi , Rodriguez Jose A. , Houk Kendall N , Lin Song
Published: April 2020

Recent advances in radical-based catalytic reactions have created an increasing demand for the understanding of their mechanistic underpinnings. Structural elucidation of transient reactive intermediates via diffraction techniques, though rarely possible, is one of the most decisive ways to support such mechanistic hypotheses. Here we present the isolation, structural elucidation, and theoretical analysis of an electrochemically generated and catalytically relevant charge-transfer species formed between the azidyl radical and (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO). The unusual bent N–N–N angle and the pancake bonding between these two fragments highlight the weak bonding interactions present in this complex. This X-ray structure validates computational predictions as well as mechanistic proposals of TEMPO-mediated radical azidation reactions.
A Transfer Learning Study of Gas Adsorption in Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: MA RUIMIN , Colon Yamil J. , Luo Tengfei
Published: April 2020

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of materials promising for gas adsorption due to their highly tunable nano-porous structures and host-guest interactions. While machine learning (ML) has been leveraged to aid the design or screen of MOFs for different purposes, the needs of big data are not always met, limiting the applicability of ML models trained against small data sets. In this work, we introduce a transfer learning technique to improve the accuracy and applicability of ML models trained with small amount of MOF adsorption data. This technique leverages potentially shareable knowledge from a source task to improve the models on the target tasks. As demonstrations, a deep neural network (DNN) trained on H2 adsorption data with 13,506 MOF structures at 100 bar and 243 K is used as the source task. When transferring knowledge from the source task to H2 adsorption at 100 bar and 130 K (one target task), the predictive accuracy on target task was improved from 0.960 (direct training) to 0.991 (transfer learning). We also tested transfer learning across different gas species (i.e. from H2 to CH4), with predictive accuracy of CH4 adsorption being improved from 0.935 (direct training) to 0.980 (transfer learning). Based on further analysis, transfer learning will always work on the target tasks with low generalizability. However, when transferring the knowledge from the source task to Xe/Kr adsorption, the transfer learning does not improve the predictive accuracy, which is attributed to the lack of common descriptors that is key to the underlying knowledge.
IN Silico Approach of Some Selected Honey Constituents as SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (COVID-19) Inhibitors
Authors: Hashem Heba
Published: April 2020

The huge attack of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) over all the world forces the researcher around the world to study the crystal structure of the main protease Mpro ( 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine enzyme) which is the essential enzyme for coronavirus processing the polyproteins and its life cycles. And by the way, the inhibition of this enzyme active site becomes the target of all scientists of drug discovery in order to overcome this disease. In this study, we have used the molecular modeling approach to evaluate the activity of different active compounds from honeybee and propolis to inhibit the presented sars-cov-2 main protease via Schrödinger Maestro v10.1. the presented study resulted in six main compounds possess high binding energy with the receptor active site of COVID-19 main protease. we hope this study being the way for honeybee constitution as an effective ligand for sars-cov-2 main protease inhibition and be in the medicinal study of anti-COVID-19 therapeutic drugs.
First-Principles Calculations of Point Defect Formation and Anion Diffusion Mechanism in Oxyhydride Ba2ScHO3
Authors: Kuwabara Akihide , Takeiri Fumitake , Nawaz Haq , Kobayashi Genki
Published: April 2020

Hydride ion conductors are expected to be a new solid electrolyte for electrochemical devices utilizing hydrogen. La2-x-ySrx+yLiH1-x+yO3-y oxyhydride with a layered perovskite (K2NiF4-type) structure was discovered as a hydride ion conductor, and it was subsequently reported that Ba2ScHO3 with the same crystal structure is also a hydride ion conductor. The two compounds have different anionic sites occupied by hydride ions. In La2-x-ySrx+yLiH1-x+yO3-y, the hydride ions occupy equatorial anion sites, while the hydride ions are located at apical anion sites in Ba2ScHO3. This suggests that hydride ions diffuse through rock-salt layers in Ba2ScHO3. However, the specific diffusion mechanism resulting in ionic conductivity of Ba2ScHO3 has not been clarified yet. In the present study, the point defect formation energies and anionic conduction mechanisms of Ba2ScHO3 were systematically analyzed using first-principles calculations. As a result, hydride ionic defects tend to form preferentially in Ba2ScHO3 rather than oxide ions. The migration energies of vacancy, interstitial and interstitialcy mechanisms were evaluated, and the activation energies of hydride ionic diffusion mediated by the vacancy and the interstitialcy processes was found to be the lowest.
Effects of Sulfur Curing Systems on Mechanical Properties of NR/SBR Rubber Blends
Authors: Tang Ruogu , Zheng Jian , Huang Zhaoge
Published: April 2020

A series of NR/SBR vulcanizates were prepared through three different vulcanization systems, conventional vulcanization (CV), effective vulcanization (EV) and semi-effective vulcanization (SEV) respectively, basing on each formulation and optimum curing time. We examined the mechanical properties of NR/SBR vulcanizates including tensile strength, tear strength, elongation at break, modulus, Shore A hardnessand and relative volume abrasion. The results indicated that NR/SBR vulcanizates prepared in different systems differed in mechanical properties. Vulcanizates prepared via CV showed higher tensile and tear strength; vulcanizates prepared via EV had high modulus and hardness, and vulcanizates prepared via SEV performed high abrasion resistance.
Neuroprotective effects of Momordica charantia: A review from preclinical studies
Authors: Nagendran Valarmathi  , Rajasekaran Subha Sree  , Thangavelu Soundara Rajan
Published: April 2020

Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia), also referred as bitter gourd or bitter melon, is a cucurbit plant commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. As an important ingredient in traditional medicine, it has been consumed to treat a wide range of diseases including diabetics and cancer in India, Indian subcontinent and China. This plant contains a rich source of flavonoids, saponins, triterpenes, polysaccharides, proteins, and other phytochemicals. Earlier studies have demonstrated the medicinal properties such as anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic properties present in M. charantia. Neurodegenerative diseases are the devastating diseases which affect millions of people worldwide.  Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are some of the common neurodegenerative diseases. These diseases are described by degeneration and /or loss of selective neuron populations in a progressive manner. Oxidative stress and inflammation are the hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Many medicinal herbs and their derivatives have been investigated to treat neurodegenerative diseases. However, very few studies have reported the protective effects of M. charantia against neurodegenerative diseases. In this short review, we discuss the preclinical studies with the focus on the neuroprotective effects of M. charantia. Based on the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, in this review we emphasize to further explore the protective effects of M. charantia in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases.
Clinical Assessment Scales For The Kostha
Authors: Neera Saini  , Pradeep Kumar Pal  , Shukla S K  , Rakesh Kumar Singh  , Byadgi P S
Published: April 2020

The present clinical study is planned to develop a scale to assess the Kostha. Kostha is accredited in the scriptures as Mahasrotas (the great channel), Sharira Madhya (central section of the body), Mahanimna (the inmost part of the body) and Amapakvashaya (stomach and intestines). The term Kostha is expressed in the context of bowel habit and clinically it is classified into three types Mridu, Madhyama and Krura. Regarding the assessment of Kostha.i.e.  bowel habit should be examined considering the frequency, consistency, straining during defecation etc. Randomly 60 healthy cases were registered for the assessment of Kostha. A self developed 10-items was introduced earlier and 9-items in the final scale. Mean, Median, Standard deviation, higher and lower values etc. of total score were calculated. The reliability of the scale was calculated by administering Cronbach-alpha, was found 0.835, indicating higher reliability of the test. Construct validity of the test was determined by finding coefficient of correlation between scores and reliability of the scores. It was found 0.913 & it indicates higher  validity.
Potential food additive of Boswellia carterii essential oil encapsulated within gum arabic: a particle size distribution and zeta potential analysis
Authors: Barre M.S. , Ali F.B. , Mirghani M.E.S. , Hazri N.F. , Anuar H. , Nasir N.A.M.
Published: April 2020

Boswellia carterii (BC) {Burseraceae family} essential oil (EO) were extracted by
hydrodistillation process. Gum Arabic (GA) {Acacia senegal} polymer particles
containing a BCEO were prepared by spray drying technique. The mean particle size and
its distribution, as well as the zeta-potential of the microcapsules, were analyzed and
found Z-Average 382±203nm, PDI 0.77±0.3, ZP-25±2.73mV, respectively. Product
encapsulation efficiency (EE %) was found at 75±0.8%. The surface morphology of the
particles was obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, particles
moisture content was analyzed by the oven drying method. The efficiency of
encapsulation (EE %) was estimated by specifying the content of essential oil in the
product. Gas chromatography (GC) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) analysis of EO has been performed to determine the chemical compounds and their
prevalence concentrations respectively. The composition of initial essential oil (added in
the emulsion) and the encapsulated essential oil (extracted from spray dried powder) were
analyzed and compared. The outcome of the research encourages the high potentiality and
usefulness of the product in the food industries sector as a food additive agent, moreover,
it suggests for further research to unravel potential implementation of BCEO
microcapsules in the food production chain
Antioxidant properties of extracts and SPE fractions from Annona muricata leaves
Authors: Hashim N.A. , Ya'akob H. , Rosdi M.N.M. , Zainol N.A. , Husin F. , Soib H.H. , Norhisham N.F.
Published: April 2020

Annona muricata L. (Magnoliales: Annonaceae) is a tropical plant species known for its
edible fruit and well known for the medicinal value. In this study, the antioxidant
properties of A. muricata leaves is evaluated for different extracts and fractions. The airdried leaves of A. muricata leaves were successively extracted with n-hexane and
methanol. The methanolic crude extract was further semi-purified by utilizing solid-phase
extraction (SPE) in a mixture of mobile phase aqueous: methanol to methanol and resulted
in four semi-purified fractions (ALM 1 – ALM 4). Antioxidant properties of extracts and
fractions were evaluated by free radical scavenging activity against 1,1-Diphenyl-2-
picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals comparing with standard ascorbic acid, quercetin, and
catechin. Results indicated that methanolic extracts showed exceptionally higher radical
scavenging activity compared with n-hexane crude extract with IC50 44.21 µg/mL and
302.41 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, fractions ALM 2 (aqueous: methanol; 50: 50)
exhibited the highest scavenging activity with the IC50 of 12.46 µg/mL followed by ALM
1 (aqueous: methanol; 80: 20) with 51.44 µg/mL, ALM 3 (aqueous: methanol; 20: 80)
with 54.39 µg/mL and ALM 4 (100% methanol) with 89.02 µg/mL, respectively. In
conclusion, ALM 2 could be potentially applied as a natural antioxidant agent in both
food, nutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals fields for health promotion. However, ALM 2 has
to be further purified to study the constituents which possibly condensed mainly with
phenolic and flavonoids that known to possess the highest antioxidant effects.
Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in turmeric-salt marinated short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) under isothermal storage temperature
Authors: Y. Ummul-Izzatul , M.A.R. Nor-Khaizura , Ghazali F.M. , R. Son , M.K. Shafiqa-Atikah , J. Nur-Syifa'
Published: April 2020

Short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) is a common fish consumed in Malaysia. The
high protein content of fish makes it prone to contamination with bacteria, including
Listeria monocytogenes. Therefore, the objective of this study is to control the growth of
L. monocytogenes by marinating short mackerel with turmeric-salt and storing at various
temperatures. The short mackerel was treated with 70% of ethanol before marinating with
turmeric-salt in a ratio (1:1). The short mackerel were inoculated with a concentration of
108 CFU/mL of L. monocytogenes and was stored at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25˚C for 21
days. The total microbial count and L. monocytogenes count were determined for every
three days from 0 days to 21 days. The growth of L. monocytogenes in marinated
mackerel was from 4.30 log CFU/g (0 days at 0 ˚C) to 5.22 log CFU/g (0 days at 25 ˚C).
While the total of L. monocytogenes counts in non-marinated (control), short mackerel
increased significantly based on temperature and time from 4.98 log CFU/g (0 days at 0
˚C) to 6.22 log CFU/g (0 days at 25 ˚C). These results indicated that the growth of L.
monocytogenes in the presence of turmeric-salt slowed compared with the non-marinated
product, although the growth of L. monocytogenes was gradually increased throughout 21
days of storage. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the growth of L.
monocytogenes with the storage temperature. In conclusion, the turmeric-salt marination
has the potential to slow the growth of L. monocytogenes in short mackerel by
approximately 0.07 log CFU/g - 2.81 log CFU/g of log reduction.
The effect of propylene glycol delivery method on blood metabolites in dairy cows
Authors: Mikuła Robert , Pruszyńska-Oszmałek Ewa , Ignatowicz-Stefaniak Marta , Kołodziejski Paweł Antoni , Maćkowiak Paweł , Nowak Włodzimierz
Published: April 2020

Four dairy cows in a positive energy balance were used to study the effect of propylene glycol supplementation variants on blood indices. The treatments were: without glycol, glycol mixed with the total mixed ration (TMR), glycol delivered as top dressing (TD), and glycol administered as an oral drench (OD). Oral drenching had the positive effect of higher blood insulin concentration 1.5 and 2.5 h after supplementation compared to the TD method (P ≤ 0.05). Glycol supplemented as TD had the negative effect of higher concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) 3.5 h after supplementation (P ≤ 0.05) with a trend towards a higher mean concentration of this marker (P ≤ 0.1). A decreasing tendency was recorded for the NEFA concentration 1.5 h after glycol supplementation with TMR or OD (P ≤ 0.1). Glycol supplemented as OD had the positive effect of lowering the β-hydroxybutyric acid concentration 1.5 and 2.5 h after feeding (P ≤ 0.05). A downward trend in the mean β-hydroxybutyric acid level after glycol delivery as OD was also observed (P ≤ 0.1). Glycol supplemented as TD had the negative effect of decreasing dry matter intake of the diet (P ≤ 0.05). Glycol supplemented as OD had a more glucogenic effect than as part of the TMR. Due to reduction of dry matter intake and the lowest glucogenic effect, using glycol as TD is unjustified. The results confirm that the best method of propylene glycol administration is OD, which can be useful in the prevention of ketosis, however, it should be confirmed in a long-term experiment covering the transition and early lactation periods.
Changes in Doppler indices throughout pregnancy in queens
Authors: Uçmak Melih , Turna Ozge , Dal Gamze Evkuran , Uçmak Zeynep Günay , Gündüz Mehmet Can
Published: April 2020

Doppler ultrasonography (D-USG) is a non-invasive technique that has become an increasingly essential tool in veterinary theriogenology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of Doppler indices in the foetal aorta (FA), foetal vena cava (FVC), umbilical artery (UA), and uteroplacental artery (UPA) in pregnant queens, thereby advancing knowledge about Doppler findings in normal feline pregnancy. The study was conducted with 10 pregnant queens with known gestational age. Doppler ultrasonography was performed every three days beginning from the 21st day to the 60th day of pregnancy. The pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of FA, FVC, UA and UPA were recorded during the D-USG examinations. Although a declining trend was seen in the mean RI of FA, a comparison with earlier sampling periods revealed that significant decreases (P < 0.05) did not occur until Days 30 and 60. While PI of FVC was relatively constant, RI varied througout pregnancy. The PI and RI of UPA values were significantly lower (P < 0.05) on Day 60 when compared to the first five sampling periods for PI and the first six sampling periods for RI. The study concludes that the decrease in UA indices is a precursor for delivery time in queens. However, there is a need for further comparative studies involving impaired pregnancies.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER PROFESSIONAL TRAINING UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
Authors: Miier Tetiana , Bondarenko Hennadiy
Published: April 2020

The article deals with issues related to primary school teachers` professional training in the context of European integration. In particular, the transformational processes in European education of managerial, organizational and content direction are summarized; the main ideas of modernizing the content and process of primary school teachers` professional training in the countries of Europe are pointed out. The attention is drawn to the fact that in European countries the primary school teachers` professional training is considered, first of all, as a way of providing society with a highly-qualified competitive staff, who serve as leaders in the global economic space; secondly, as a means of building a single European space and dimension of education; thirdly, as a process that provides a qualitative transition from instructive to constructive teaching methods focused on active creative and independent activity of students, in particular, the fulfillment of research tasks, solving problem situations, participating in discussions, performing creative works, etc.
Also, the article considers some aspects of the content modernization of primary school teachers` professional training in the context of European integration, which are realized by the teaching staff of Primary Education Department of Pedagogical Institute of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University. This is an analytical lecture and seminar work upon European educational experience; an introduction of active teaching methods, a usage of modern strategies, means of organizing students' educational and cognitive activity, etc.
The process of primary school teachers` professional training in the context of European integration is aimed at providing a wide range of knowledge, abilities, skills, professional competences, gaining practical experience, forming the ability and motivation for continuous professional development in the system of life-long education, realization of cognitive activity, creativity, purposefulness in actions.
SOCIAL WORKERS TRAINING IN CONTINUING EDUCATION SYSTEM
Authors: Spirina Tеtiana , Liakh Tеtiana
Published: April 2020

The development of a continuing education system is a strategic task of reforming all education systems that consistently define their national-specific characteristics, while at the same time focusing on basic educational principles.
The rapid changes in current development of society, related to the humanization of education, the high demands on each member of society, both individual and professional, and make the relevance of adult education as an integral part of continuing education and expanding research in this field. Particularly valuable are studies on the lifelong learning of social workers who are mediators between the state and society, agents of change and improvement of social and educational policies.
Recognizing the competence approach in education and training of social workers, which should be reflected in updating the content of education in response to social transformations, engages the creation of conditions for the development of lifelong education in the field of professional activity of a social worker as a generalized condition for the ability to act effectively in a particular professional situation.
The article deals with the problem of professionals training in the social field in continuing education system, which provides the professional development of adults, in particular social workers. The development of a continuing education system is a strategic task of reforming all education systems that consistently define their national-specific characteristics, while at the same time focusing on basic educational principles.
Pemberian probiotik pada pakan komersil dengan protein yang berbeda terhadap kinerja ikan lele (Clarias sp.) menggunakan sistem bioflok
Authors: Salamah Salamah , Zulpikar Zulpikar
Published: April 2020

Dalam usaha budidaya ikan, pakan merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan dalam budidaya. Selain itu pakan juga memberikan kontribusi yang besar terhadap biaya mencapai 60-70% dari biaya produksi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu dilakukan teknik untuk meningkatkan kadar protein dari pakan, salah satunya dengan cara fermentasi. Selanjutnya limbah dari pakan juga merupakan suatu kendala dalam usaha budidaya. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut perlu dilakukan terobosan dalam sistem budidaya, salah satunya dengan menggunakan system bioflok dengan memanfaatkan bakteri heterotrofik. Selain memperbaiki kualitas air, bioflok juga menyediakan pakan secara insitu, sehingga mampu mengurangi biaya pakan dengan meningkatkan nilai efesiensi pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aplikasi pakan berprotein terfermentasi terhadap pertumbuhan dan konversi pakan ikan lele (Clarias sp.) menggunakan sistem bioflok. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan ditempat pembudidayaan lele di desa mesjid punteut dengan menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan mengaplikasikan 3 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan sehingga diperoleh 9 satuan percobaan. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini meliputi laju pertumbuhan ikan, kelangsungan hidup dan efesiensi pakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian probiotik pada pakan memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap laju pertumbuhan ikan 4.95%, tingkat kelangsungan hidup 97.77% dan efesiensi pakan 98.86%.Kata kunci: bioflok; ikan lele; kinerja; probiotik In aquaculture, fish feed is one of the factors that determine success in aquaculture. Besides, the feed also contributes significantly to costs reaching 60-70% of production costs. Based on this, it is necessary to use techniques to increase the protein of the feed; one of them is by fermentation. In addition, waste from the feed is also a problem in the aquaculture business. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to make a breakthrough in the aquaculture system, one of these is using a biofloc system by utilizing heterotrophic bacteria. Besides improving water quality, biofloc also provides in situ feed, so it would reduce feed costs by increasing the value of feed efficiency. This study aims to analyze the application of fermented protein feed on growth and feed conversion of catfish (Clarias sp.) using the biofloc system. This research was carried out in the catfish culture at punteut mosque village using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method by applying three treatments and three replications to obtain nine experimental units. Parameters observed in this study include fish growth rate, survival and feed efficiency. The results showed that the administration of probiotics in feed gives the best results on fish growth rate of 4.95%, survival rate of 97.77% and feed efficiency of 98.86%.Keywords: biofloc; catfish; performance; probiotics
Optimalisasi Pelaksanaan Tugas Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan dalam Revitalisasi Pemasyarakatan
Authors: Susanti Dwi Elyana
Published: April 2020

Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan yang merupakan jabatan fungsional berperan pada seluruh tahapan proses hukum. Pola pembinaan yang dilakukan pada warga binaan pemasyarakatan ditentukan dari hasil penelitian pembimbing kemasyarakatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif untuk menjelaskan berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan tugas Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan dalam merevitalisasi Pemasyarakatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan struktur organisasi Balai Pemasyarakatan belum ada kotak Jabatan Fungsional Pemasyarakatan. Jabatan Fungsional Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan membutuhkan perhatian khusus seperti pembinaan pejabat fungsional Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan, kedudukan dalam struktur organisasi, kompetensi, dan objektivitas pemberian tugas dalam mendukung revitalisasi pemasyarakatan. Begitu pentingnya pelaksanaan tugas Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan harus didukung dengan kejelasan kedudukannya di Balai Pemasyarakatan dengan melengkapi struktur jabatan fungsional Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan serta menyederhanakan struktur organisasi, serta perlu segera membangun Balai Pemasyarakatan di kabupaten/kota.
Persepsi masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan sampah dan kesediaan membayar (willingness to pay) dalam pelayanan pengelolaan sampah di Distrik Manokwari Barat
Authors: Timang Grcae Dharmawati , Tjoli Ihwan , Wambrauw Ludia T.
Published: April 2020

This study aims to determine community’s perceptions of waste management, determine the value of Willingness to Pay (WTP) and analyze the household characteristics (X), which as the perception of waste management (X1), income (X2), family number (X3) and education level (X4). These factors are expected to affect the amount of the WTP value. The study was conducted in the District of Manokwari Barat approximately two months (May to June 2016). Total of 60 respondents distributed in 6 villages. Most of the respondents said (55%) that the dustman activities done quite well. However, the placement of the container is limited only in the activity center. The majority respondents (61.67%) only use plastic bags for garbage container. The cost of taking out the trash is Rp. 5000 s / d Rp. 20,000, and the weekly cost they spend Rp. 10.000 s / d Rp. 60,000. The majority respondents (80%) stated that the garbage collecting process has done fairly well, the dustman collecting garbage every day with limited fleet and funds. The majority of respondents (56.67%) said the process of garbage removal and transport has done fairly well, well (21.67%), and unfavorable (21.67%). The majority respondents (61.67%) said that the implementation of the landfill were done well, rubbish was dumped without any treatment. This research result that the WTP group of Rp. 50,000 / month was 60%, the Group of WTP Rp. 75,000 / month was 6.67%, and Group WTP Rp. 100,000 / month was 33.33%. Potential retribution Rp. 1.258.563.333 / month. Based on the multiple regression analysis that the entire household characteristics significantly affect the value of WTP, which the value of R2 was 0,513. The coefficient value of each variables to the WTP were X1 (-14,046.268), X2 (0.005), X3 (-6,882.381), and X4 (9,813.867). The F-test was resulted that Fcount at 14.478 higher than Ftable at 2.54, this mean that all variables simultaneously throughout the study variables significantly influence the public decision give WTP values (Y). Similar results were on the t-test results, partially any study variables significantly influence the decision of the community provides WTP values (Y). The tcount was X1 (-2.897), X2 (2.605), X3 (-2.260), and X4 (2.646) higher than ttable at 1.673.
Daya hasil beberapa varietas Kedelai unggul nasional di Distrik Manokwari Barat dan Sidey Provinsi Papua Barat
Authors: Warbaal Agustinus , Renwarin Januarius , Mawikere Nouke L. , Mustamu Yohanis A.
Published: April 2020

This study aims to examine the yield of 5 national superior soybean varieties in two different locations and select high yielding varieties to be developed in West Papua Province. This research was conducted for four months, which was located in 2 places namely West Manokwari and Sidey District in West Papua Province. The study used a Randomized Block Design with the treatment of 6 varieties (5 national varieties and 1 local variety), which were repeated 4 times so that 24 experimental units per location were obtained. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if the treatment had a significant effect it was continued with the DMRT test at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the varieties tested were highly significant for plant height, number of branches, total number of pods, number of empty pods, number of filled pods, weight of planting seeds, weight of seeds per plot, weight of corrected seeds, and weight of 100 dried seeds. The yield of 3 varieties suitable for development in West Papua Province are Rajabasa varieties 1.63 tons/ha, Burangrang 1.8 tons/ha, and Detam-2 2.35 tons/ha.
Pengaruh kepadatan kandang dan pembatasan ransum terhadap performans produksi dan tingkat cekaman pada Ayam Broiler
Authors: Robinson Paskalis , Mu’in Muh. Affan , Warsono Irba Unggul
Published: April 2020

This study aims to determine the interaction between cage density with dietary restrictions on ration consumption, growth, feed conversion, carcass percentage, abdominal fat, heterophile-lymphocyte ratio and broiler chicken's Income Over Feed Cost. The research lasted for 2 months in the Cage of  Broiler Chicken Farm SMK Negeri I Nabire. The research material used was 135 DOC unsex Cobb strain (CP 707) with an average weight of 42.5 grams / head; commercial feed starter BR1 CP 511 B and finisher BR2 CP 512 B and 27 units of battery cages. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design factorial pattern (3 x 3). Factor I is enclosure density with 3 levels, namely K1 (3 animals / 0.5 m2), K2 (5 animals / 0.5 m2) and K3 (7 animals / 0.5 m2) and Factor II is restriction on ration with 3 levels namely R1 (100% according to ad libitum requirements), R2 (85%) and R3 (70%) given at 4-5 weeks of age. Each treatment combination was repeated 3 times to obtain 27 experimental unit units. The results showed there was no interaction between cage density factors with dietary limitation factors for all observational variables. But the cage density factor, significantly (P <0.05) shows that the denser the cage the lower the consumption of rations and the percentage of abdominal fat in broilers. Whereas the restriction factor of the ration, significantly (P <0.05) indicates that the higher the percentage of restriction ration the lower the ration consumed and the higher Income Over Feed Cost (the greater the business income of broiler chickens obtained) despite the indication of stress in broilers with a high average heterophyll-lymphocyte (H / L) ratio of  2.44.
ماهية الازمة الدولية : دراسة في الاطار النظري
Authors: متعب م.د.غيث سفاح , طاهر م.م.قحطان حسين
Published: April 2020

ماهية الازمة الدولية : دراسة في الاطار النظري
الاستراتيجية النووية الاسرائيلية (الثوابت والمتغيرات)
Authors: جبر أ.م.د.دينا محمد
Published: April 2020

ركزت اسرائيل على اعتماد استراتيجية الغموض النووي القائمة على تأسيس قناعة في اذهان الخصوم والحلفاء في ان واحد بوجود الخيار النووي ، مع اتباع الشفافية في اظهار وجود هذا الخيار لانه يحمل مصداقية اكثر من الردع التقليدي المباشر . ويتم اتباع هذه الاستراتيجية لتحقيق جملة من الاهداف ، منها ان التحول نحو استراتيجية الردع النووي المكشوف يعني بدء سباق نووي في المنطقة وهذا ما لاترغب به اسرائيل ، فيترك الغموض المتعمد الكثير من الخيارات المفتوحة في حين ان الاعلان رسمياً يّعد خطوة لاسبيل للتراجع عنها مما يقلل من مساحة المناورة المتاحة امامها ، فاستمرار الغموض النووي يوفر امناً اساسياً لها من خلال نظرة الدول العربية وبدرجة عالية من المصداقية للردع النووي الإسرائيلي . فالردع النووي لا يوفر فرصاً جديدة للتفوق على الدول العربية والابقاء على الفجوة التقنية والتسليحية فحسب ، بل يمنع من الوصول الى حالة التوازن العسكري مع اسرائيل ، فعدم القبول بدولة نووية اخرى في المنطقة (الردع النووي المتبادل) هو جزء مهم في بنيان الاستراتيجية العسكرية الإسرائيلية.
THE New Iraq – A Study in the Political and Democratic Developments Since 2003
Authors: كبه أ.م.د.صباح عبد الرزاق
Published: April 2020

يسلط هذا البحث الضوءعلى طبيعة النظام السياسي في العراق الجديد الذى اضحى وبموجب الدستور العراقي الدائم لعام 2005 دولة حرة, ديمقراطية,موحدة,وبرلمانية(نيابية) تتمع بنظام فدرالي قائم على اساس الفصل بين السلطات الثلاث التشريعية والتنفيذية والقضائية. فلقد شهد العراق اكبر تظاهرة ديمقراطية في تاريخه المعاصر منذ نشأة الدولة العراقية وحتى 2003 ولحد الان خمسة /4/ السابع من أذار 2010 . فالمسرح السياسي العراقي شهد منذ 9 محطات دستورية مهمة غيرت الخارطة السياسية للعراق وأرست قواعد أكبر عملية ديمقراطية في المنطقة ,مارس من خلالها العراقيون حق الاقتراع والتصويت. وأضحت تمثل تجربة نموذجية يحتذى بها على مستوى العالم . كما وان البحث يحلل التطورات السياسية والدستورية والديمقراطية التي شهدها العراق الجديد منذ عام 2003 .ويحلل الكيفية والالية التي اتبعها القادة الجدد في بسط الامن والاستقرار وفي بناء محطات التحولات المهة التي شهدها العراق وعلى مختلف الاصعدة. وبذلك يكون هذا البحث بمثابة محاولة جادة لمعرفة حجم التطورات التي حدثت في العراق الجديد و الدور الذي تمارسه الدولة من اجل وحدة العراق واستقراره. فلقد مثلت التجربة الديمقراطية العراقية وعلى الرغم من حداثتها ,نقطة تحول هامة في التاريخ السياسي المعاصر للعراق. واصبحت هذه التجربة مؤهلة لأن تحدث تطورا شاملا في مختلف جوانب الحياة السياسية ، الاجتماعية، الاقتصادية و الثقافية. ان مسألة بسط الامن والاستقراروسيادة القانون في العراق الجديد لها انعكاسات ايجابية اقليميا ودوليا من شانها ان تلقي بظلالها الايجابية على دول الجوار وتسهم في تعزيز الاستقرار الاقليمي والامن العالمي. وعلينا جميعا حكومة وشعبا تقع مسؤلية الحفاظ وادامة المكتسبات التي تحققت في ظل العراق الجديد والمساهمة الجادة في تعزيز الامن والسلام والالفة والمحبة بين جميع اطياف ومكونات الشعب العراقي
سياسية التعليم لتعزيز الهوية الوطنية في العراق
Authors: الانصاري أ.م.د.ندى عبد المجيد
Published: April 2020

سياسة التعليم لتعزيز الهوية الوطنية في العراق
دور المنظمات الدولية في تفسير معاهداتها المنشئة
Authors: النقيب أ.م.د.عدنان عباس
Published: April 2020

دور المنظمات الدولية في تفسير معاهداتها المنشئة
انتخابات الرئاسة الامريكية : الالية والاهداف مع الاشارة خاصة الى انتخابات 2008-2012
Authors: كبة أ.م.د.صباح عبد الرزاق
Published: April 2020

انتخابات الرئاسة الامريكية : الالية والاهداف مع اشارة خاصة الى انتخابات 2008-2012
القنوات الخلفية في السياسة الخارجية الامريكية
Authors: النعيمي أ.د.احمد نوري
Published: April 2020

القنوات الخلفية في السياسة الخارجية الامريكية
ديمقراطية الاحزاب واحزاب الديمقراطية (دراسة لحالة العراق بعد عام 2003)
Authors: حمادي أ.م.د.حافظ علوان
Published: April 2020

ديمقراطية الاحزاب واحزاب الديمقراطية (دراسة لحالة العراق بعد عام 2003)
النظم السياسية العربية: إشكاليات السياسات والحكم مدخل لتفسير (الربيع العربي)
Authors: محمد أ.م.د.وليد سالم
Published: April 2020

شهدت المنطقة العربية منذ عام 2011 تغييرات حاسمة أسقطت مجموعة من أنظمة الحكم في قسم من دولها، وما زالت تفاعلاتها مستمرة حتى يومنا هذا. وكثيرة هي التبريرات والتفسيرات التي أُعطيت لهذه التغييرات، ويحاول هذا البحث التركيز على أهم الإشكاليات التي كانت وراء ما عُرِف بأحداث (الربيع العربي)، ويذهب البحث إلى أن الأزمة التي تتعرض لها دول المنطقة ليست عفوية في حقيقتها وإنما هي أزمة مركبة وإن بدت أحادية المظهر في كثير من جوانبها، فهي في المجمل أزمة حكم وأزمة سياسات، إذ إنها انعكاس لطبيعة السلطة في أنظمة الحكم العربية من جهة، وانعكاس لآليات ممارستها في تلك المجتمعات من جهة أُخرى، لذا يحاول البحث التركيز على أهم تلك الإشكاليات المتعلقة بأزمة تشكيل أو نشأة الدولة العربية من ناحية، وأزمة شرعية أنظمة الحكم فيها من ناحية ثانية، وإشكالية العلاقة بين السلطة والمجتمع من ناحية ثالثة، لتفسير أحداث(الربيع العربي).
النظام السياسي اليمني : دراسة في المتغيرات الداخلية
Authors: العامري أ.م.د.ابتسام محمد
Published: April 2020

النظام السياسي اليمني : دراسة في المتغيرات الداخلية
النشاطات العلمية لفرع الفكر السياسي
Authors: باحثين مجموعة
Published: April 2020

النشاطات العلمية لفرع الفكر السياسي
الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر في العراق ودوره في تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية
Authors: عزيز م.فوزية خدا كرم
Published: April 2020

الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر في العراق ودوره في تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية
Federal and problematic relationship between the center and the region in Iraq
Authors: عبد أ.م.د.ابتسام محمد
Published: April 2020

الخلاصة
أطلق الغزو الامريكي للعراق في عام 2003 التطلعات القومية المكبوتة للشعب الكردي ، فبعد ان خذلتهم الدول الاستعمارية لا سيما بريطانيا في اقامة وطن يضم الاكراد المبعثرين في كل من العراق وتركيا وسوريا وايران تمكن اكراد العراق من اقامة دولة شبه مستقلة في شمال البلاد في خطوة يعدونها مكافأة لنضالهم الطويل الذي استمر عقودا ضد السلطة المركزية في بغداد احتجاجا على ما يسمونه دمج قسري للأكراد بالدولة العراقية ، وللحصول على مزيد من الحقوق والامتيازات بوصفهم شركاء في هذا الوطن . إنَّ المنطقة الفيدرالية في اقليم كردستان العراق أضحت حقيقة قائمة وهي باتت ترنو ليس الى تعزيز سلطتها مقابل سلطة الحكومة المركزية، وانما الى ضم مناطق اخرى تقطنها اغلبية كردية لا سيما محافظة كركوك الغنية بالنفط الى نطاق سيطرتها على اعتبار ان ثروتها ستشكل القاعدة المادية الاقوى التي ستعتمد عليها الدولة الكردية المؤمل قيامها في المستقبل.
Dialectical relationship between the civil state and the application of Sharia In contemporary Islamic political thought ج
Authors: كاطع أ.م.د.امل هندي , حسين م.د.اياد
Published: April 2020

يعد تصدر حركات الاسلام السياسي من بين ابرز ظواهر الانتفاضات الشعبية التي شهدها العالم العربي ، بيد ان هذا التصدر وصعود بعض الحركات الى سدة الحكم اثار الكثير من الاشكاليات على اطروحات الاسلام السياسي لاسيما تلك التي ارتبطت بطروحات الايديولوجيين الاسلاميين وشعارهم (تطبيق الشريعة) بوصفها المرجعية العليا ومصدر المشروعية والسلطات باعتبار اصلها الالهي ، وقالوا بتطبيقها لتحقيق الحل الاسلامي ، ومن ثم اصبحت الدولة في اطروحات بعض الاسلاميين اداة لتطبيق الشريعة ومن ثم حفظ الدين .
Arabian Gulf from the GCC countries to the EU
Authors: محمود م.م.هدى هادي
Published: April 2020

أن دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي هي الوحيدة في النظام العربي التي تمكنت من صياغة رؤية استراتيجية لها أبعادها وأهدافها،وذلك لما حققته من انجازات كبيرة ساهمت بشكل كبير في تطوير العلاقات الاقتصادية الخارجية و الداخلية لدول مجلس التعاون الخليجي الست من خلال توحيد السياسات الاقتصادية والمشاريع و المؤسسات المشتركة. ومما لا شك فيه أن اقامة مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربي الست , قد حقق أمنية غالية طالما تطلع اليها قادة و شعوب المنطقة تتمثل في اعتماد دول المجلس على نفسها من أجل بناء قوة ذاتية تتكفل بقطع الطريق على كل تدخل في شؤون المنطقة , و تنأى بالمنطقة عن صراع القوى الكبرى , و تضمن دعم مقومات النهضة الشاملة لها والمسيرة الوحدوية لدولها و بصورة خاصة تكاملها الاقتصادي
The concept of justice in the ancient Western political heritage
Authors: صالح أ.د.غانم محمد
Published: April 2020

العدالة قيمة سياسية عليا احتلت ، في اطار الفكر السياسي موقعاً متميزاً بالمقارنة مع غيرها من المفاهيم ، وقد استمدت العدالة في التراث الغربي من كلمة القانون ، ومن ثم اصبحت تعني كل ما هو مطابق للقانون . لكن هذا التحديد سياخذ ابعاداً اخرى في اطار الحضارة اليونانية ، حيث ساد الاعتقاد بان العدالة هي قيمة بشرية عليا وان القانون هو اداة تحقيق مضامينها ، وقد عكس هذا التحول الافكار التي طرحها سقراط و افلاطون و ارسطو و السفسطائيون وكذلك الابيقوريون و الرواقيون . وفي مرحلة لاحقة حين تصدرت الحضارة الرومانية وتسامي موقع القانون فيها، تم ضمان لا فقط العددالة للمواطنين وانما ايضا حمايتهم من اي ظلم قد يمارس بحقهم . لهذا كان المواطن الروماني قوياً ، لان القانون يسنده عند محاولة اي جهة بتجاوز ، او اختراق ، تلك الحقوق التي ضمنها له واكد ضرورة تمتعه بها .
the circulation of power in Iraq after 2003
Authors: والي أ.م.د.خميس حزام
Published: April 2020

إن تداول السلطة و تبادلها ديمقراطياً ، مسألة تأخذ اهمية سياسية بالنسبة للنظام السياسي العراقي بعد عام 2003 ، فتداول السلطة و إنتقالها بصورة ديمقراطية، وبنزاهة إنتخابية، يعد مؤشراً جيداً لحالة الاستقرار والتقدم السياسي في النظام السياسي البرلماني العراقي، كما ان انتقال السلطة من حيث اعتماد الاسلوب التداولي يمثل بعداً بنائياً ومؤسسياً للعملية السياسية، ويؤدي ايضاً الى ان تصبح السلطة سلطة مؤسسة تمارس وفقاً للدستور والقانون وليست سلطة فعلية، ويؤدي ايضاً الى الاقرار بوجود معارضة برلمانية رسمية وحقها في تولي السلطة السياسية في وقت لاحق ومن خلال صناديق الاقتراع يجعل من عملية تداول السلطة، عملية سلمية وديمقراطية لا تقرن بالتهميش والعنف، أو بالوسائل غير القانونية، ولا تسمح الاستئثار بالسلطة لأي كتلة او حزب أو طائفة مهما كانت الحجة، سياسية ام اجتماعية.