bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association study identifies pharmacogenomic variants associated with metformin glycemic response in African American patients with type-2 diabetes
Authors: Wu Baojun , Yee Sook Wah , Xiao Shujie , Xu Fei , Sridhar Sneha B. , Yang Mao , Hochstadt Samantha , Cabra Whitney , Lanfear David E. , Hedderson Monique M , Giacomini Kathleen M. , Williams L. Keoki
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE: Metformin is the most common treatment for type-2 diabetes (T2D). However, there have been no pharmacogenomic studies for T2D in which a population of color was used in the discovery analysis. This study sought to identify genomic variants associated with metformin response in African American patients with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients in the discovery set were adult, African American participants from the Diabetes Mult-omic Investigation of Drug Response (DIAMOND), a cohort study of T2D patients from a health system serving southeast Michigan. DIAMOND participants had genome-wide genotype data and longitudinal electronic records of laboratory results and medication fills. The genome-wide discovery analysis identified polymorphisms correlated to changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels among individuals on metformin monotherapy. Lead associations were assessed for replication in an independent cohort of African American participants from Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) and in European American participants from DIAMOND.

RESULTS: The discovery set consisted of 447 African American individuals, whereas the replication sets included 353 African American KPNC participants and 466 European American DIAMOND participants. The primary analysis identified a variant, rs143276236, in the gene ARFGEF3, which met the threshold for genome-wide significance, replicated in KPNC African Americans, and was still significant in the meta-analysis (P=1.17x10-9). None of the significant discovery variants replicated in European Americans DIAMOND participants.

CONCLUSIONS: We identified a novel and biologically plausible genetic variant associated with a change in HbA1c levels among African American patients on metformin monotherapy. These results highlight the importance of diversity in pharmacogenomic studies.
Inhibiting phosphatidylcholine remodeling in adipose tissue increases insulin sensitivity
Authors: He Mulin , Li Zhiqiang , Sook Keng Tung Victoria , Pan Meixia , Han Xianlin , Evgrafov Oleg , Jiang Xian-Cheng
Published: August 2023

Cell membrane phosphatidylcholine composition is regulated by lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT); changes in membrane phosphatidylcholine saturation are implicated in metabolic disorders. Here, we identified LPCAT3 as the major isoform of LPCAT in adipose tissues and created adipocyte-specific Lpcat3-knockout mice to study adipose tissue lipid metabolism. Transcriptome sequencing and plasma adipokine profiling were used to investigate how LPCAT3 regulates adipose tissue insulin signaling. LPCAT3 deficiency reduced polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines in adipocyte plasma membranes, increasing insulin sensitivity. LPCAT3 deficiency influenced membrane lipid rafts, which activated insulin receptors and AKT in adipose tissue, and attenuated diet-induced insulin resistance. Conversely, higher LPCAT3 activity in adipose tissues from ob/ob, db/db, and high-fat diet-fed mice reduced insulin signaling. Adding polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines to mature human or mouse adipocytes in vitro worsened insulin signaling. We suggest that targeting LPCAT3 in adipose tissues to manipulate membrane phospholipid saturation is a new strategy to treat insulin resistance.
Accelerating Wound Closure with Metrnl in Normal and Diabetic Mouse Skin
Authors: Song Lingyu , Chang Xuebing , Hu Laying , Liu Lu , Wang Guifang , Huang Yali , Xu Lifen , Jin Bangming , Song Jianying , Hu Lixin , Zhang Tian , Wang Yuanyuan , Xiao Ying , Zhang Fan , Shi Mingjun , Liu Lingling , Chen Qi , Guo Bing , Zhou Yuxia
Published: August 2023

Impaired wound healing and ulcer complications are major causes of morbidity in patients with diabetes. Impaired wound healing is associated with increased inflammation and poor angiogenesis in diabetes patients. Here, we demonstrate that topical administration of a secreted recombinant protein (Meteorin-like, Metrnl) accelerates wound epithelialization and angiogenesis in mice. We observed a significant increase in Metrnl expression during physiological wound healing; however, its expression remained low during diabetic wound healing. Functionally, the recombinant protein Metrnl significantly accelerated wound closure in normal and diabetic mice models including db/db, high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ), and STZ mice. Mechanistically, keratinocytes secrete quantities of Metrnl to promote angiogenesis, increase endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation, and enhance macrophage polarization to the M2 type. Meanwhile, M2 macrophages secrete Metrnl to further stimulate angiogenesis. Moreover, the keratinocyte- and macrophage-produced cytokine Metrnl drives post-injury angiogenesis and re-epithelialization through activation of AKT phosphorylation (S473) in a KIT receptor tyrosine kinase (c-Kit)-dependent manner. In conclusion, our study suggests that Metrnl has a biological activity in accelerating wound closure through c-Kit-dependent angiogenesis and epithelialization.
Detection of circulating immune complexes in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis
Authors: Kapp A , Kemper A , Schöpf E , Deicher H.
Published: August 2023

Sera from 32 patients with atopic dermatitis and 22 patients with psoriasis were examined for the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in comparison to 51 healthy controls using a PEG-precipitation laser nephelometer technique. Different patterns of the precipitated proteins were found in both diseases. In atopic dermatitis C3 and IgG were significantly elevated in CIC. Furthermore, significantly increased amounts of IgE were found in the precipitates. Groups with high and low serum IgE levels showed no significant differences in the quantity of precipitated proteins. Skin involvement did not correlate with CIC. In psoriasis patients, a different pattern with significantly increased IgA, IgG, IgM and C3 was found in the precipitates. IgE was also significantly increased in comparison to the controls. No difference was found between patients with psoriasis vulgaris and psoriasis guttata. CIC in psoriasis and in atopic dermatitis thus showed a characteristic composition. However, a detection of CIC was not directly related to the cutaneous manifestation of the disease.
Arotinoid Ro 13-6298 and etretin: two new retinoids inferior to isotretinoin in sebum suppression and acne treatment
Authors: Harms M , Philippe I , Radeff B , Masouyé I , Geiger JM , Saurat JH.
Published: August 2023

Thirty patients have been treated with either etretin, the main derivative of etretinate, or arotinoid Ro 13-6298, a polyaromatic retinoid, or isotretinoin. Sebum production was measured before and during the treatments. While no change was observed in the patients treated with etretin, a reduction of 33% of the sebum excretion rate was observed for those treated with arotinoid Ro 13-6298 but only after long treatment periods of 20 to 30 weeks. The sebum excretion rate decreased by 92% in the patients treated with isotretinoin. Four patients suffering from severe nodulocystic acne were treated with arotinoid Ro 13-6298 for 2-5 months without improvement. Substantial improvement, however, resulted after a subsequent treatment with isotretinoin; sebum production decreased markedly as well. This study suggests that neither etretin nor arotinoid Ro 13-6298 will replace isotretinoin in the treatment of severe nodulocystic acne.
Skin lesions as a sign of subacute pentachlorophenol intoxication
Authors: Lambert J , Schepens P , Janssens J , Dockx P.
Published: August 2023

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its sodium salt are frequently used in wood preservatives. Little is known about the effects on man when being chronically exposed. Only vague skin symptoms, such as rashes, acne and cutaneous infections were described. We present two cases of pemphigus vulgaris with a known non-occupational chronic PCP exposure. The clinical course and the titer of pemphigus antibodies roughly correlate with the PCP levels in serum. In one case of chronic urticaria the exacerbations also run parallel to the PCP serum levels and increased anti-skin antibodies, without any manifestation of pemphigus vulgaris. The role of PCP as one of the causes provoking pemphigus vulgaris and chronic urticaria with raised anti-skin antibodies is discussed.
GP37 expression in normal and diseased human epidermis: a marker for keratinocyte differentiation
Authors: Zambruno G , Reano A , Meissner K , Thivolet J.
Published: August 2023

An antiserum prepared against a glycoprotein (GP37) extracted from the upper epidermal layers, was used to stain frozen sections of human oral mucosa, normal and abnormal skin by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. On normal human epidermis, this antiserum mainly reacted with the cytoplasm of granular cells, whereas on buccal mucosa the recognized antigen was observed as scattered dots limited to the upper epithelial layers. In epidermal diseases, alterations in the staining pattern were observed. In psoriasis, the labelling was markedly diminished; in contrast, in lichen planus it was intense and present on the 3-6 uppermost cellular layers. Basal cell epitheliomas were almost negative, except around horn cysts. In Bowen´s disease dyskeratotic cells were strongly labelled. In squamous cell carcinomas a clear-cut staining was observed in squamous nests. On cultures, GP37 expression could be induced by growing epidermal cells in vitamin A-depleted medium. The biological significance of the observed staining patterns remains to be precised. Nevertheless, GP37 represents a sensitive marker of epidermal differentiation and may be useful in skin pathology and in in vitro studies.
Tubuloreticular structures in Kaposi´s sarcoma: a comparison of the classical and AIDS-associated forms
Authors: Konrad K , Schenk P , Rappersberger K.
Published: August 2023

The ultrastructural morphology of both the classical and the AIDS-associated forms of Kaposi´s sarcoma was examined electron-microscopically. Tubuloreticular structures were found only in the AIDS-associated form of Kaposi´s sarcoma, and not in the classical variant of the tumor. Moreover, the tubuloreticular structures, 20-30 nm in diameter, were present in very high numbers and in two different forms: the loosely intertwined tubuli, which were clearly predominant; and those forming a more compact pattern. These findings suggest that the presence of tubuloreticular structures may well be an ultrastructural marker for diagnosing AIDS and AIDS-associated disorders.
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Skin carcinoma containing human papillomavirus type 5 DNA sequences and primary hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in a patient
Authors: Van Voorst Vader PC , Orth G , Dutronquay V , Driessen LH , Eggink HF , Kallenberg CG , The TH.
Published: August 2023

In a case of epidermodysplasia verruciformis with impaired cell-mediated immunity and multiple skin cancers human papillomavirus type 5 (HPV5) DNA sequences were demonstrated in a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. HPV5 and HPV8 were detected in the benign disseminated skin lesions together with three newly characterized HPVs: HPV17, HPV19 and HPV24. A chronic infection with hepatitis B virus resulting in macronodular cirrhosis associated with a primary hepatocellular carcinoma was also acquired by this patient. This case provides an example of the circumstantial evidence which suggests that certain types of HPV are potentially oncogenic and stresses the importance of immune surveillance in the protection against virus-associated tumors.
Selenium, zinc, iron and copper levels in serum of patients with arterial and venous leg ulcers
Authors: Agren MS , Strömberg HE , Rindby A , Hallmans G.
Published: August 2023

The total serum concentrations of selenium, zinc, iron and copper were determined in geriatric patients with and without leg ulcers. The levels of selenium, zinc and iron were significantly lower and the copper/zinc ratio was significantly higher in the leg ulcer group compared with control patients. The serum-copper level and the serum-copper/zinc ratio were raised in patients with poor ulcer healing.
Langerhans´ cell population studies with OKT6 and HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies in vitiligo patients treated with oral phenylalanine loading and UVA irradiation
Authors: Westerhof W , Groot I , Krieg SR , Bos JD , Cormane RH.
Published: August 2023

In vitiligo patients, treated with oral phenylalanine loading combined with UVA irradiation (Phe-UVA), Langerhans´ cells (LC) were counted in pigmented and depigmented skin. The LC, which were labelled with OKT6 and HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies, were expressed per linear mm epidermis. Before treatment the number of OKT6(+) cells was significantly increased in vitiliginous skin especially in the basal layer. Under treatment the number went down and was comparable to normal skin. When using HLA-DR labelling the number of LC increased in vitiliginous skin which had been treated with Phe-UVA. The influence of Phe-UVA on the shift of LC subpopulations is discussed.
Necrotizing fasciitis and heparin treatment
Authors: Bernard P , Fayol J , Bonnetblanc JM.
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Fungal infections inducing HLA-DR but not HLA-DQ transplantation antigens on keratinocytes
Authors: Johansson S , Scheynius A , Faergemann J.
Published: August 2023

The phenotypes of infiltrating cells and class II transplantation antigens on keratinocytes in candida and dermatophyte lesions from 15 patients were analysed in situ with an immunohistochemical double staining technique combined with periodic acid-Schiff staining. In five out of ten biopsies from candida lesions and in one of five biopsies from dermatophyte lesions the keratinocytes expressed HLA-DR but not HLA-DQ antigens. The HLA-DR expression was patchy in all and most pronounced in two candida biopsies which also contained large infiltrates of anti-Leu 3a reactive T lymphocytes. The induction of detectable amounts of different class II antigens on keratinocytes might depend on the type of antigen, the magnitude and duration of the response elicited and/or the immunological state of the patient.
Oxidation of dopa in the skin of black and albino mice
Authors: Carstam R , Hansson C , Rorsman H , Rosengren E.
Published: August 2023

The dopa oxidase activity of tyrosinase in the skin from albino and black mice was assayed using a technique based on the formation of two diastereomers of 5-S-cysteinyldopa when incubating tissue extracts with both L-dopa and D-dopa as substrates in the presence of cysteine. The amounts of 5-S-L-cysteinyl-L-dopa and 5-S-L-cysteinyl-D-dopa formed were then determined. In the extract from black mouse skin the L-L-diastereomer was produced in more than ten times the amount of the L-D-diastereomer. This stereospecific dopa-oxidation is indicative of the presence of tyrosinase and corresponds well with earlier determinations of the rates of oxidation for human tyrosinase, using L-dopa and D-dopa as substrates. Stereospecific dopa oxidation was absent in albino skin, and the nonspecific dopa-oxidation was two orders of magnitude less than the dopa oxidation in black skin. The study demonstrates the lack of tyrosinase activity in albino skin, and quantifies the non-specific dopa oxidation. The lack of tyrosinase activity in the eluates from albinotic skin was found not to be due to the presence of a tyrosinase inhibitor.
The role of complement in UVB-induced inflammation
Authors: Torinuki W , Tagami H.
Published: August 2023

To evaluate the role of the complement system in skin inflammation accompanying leukocyte infiltration induced by UVB irradiation, the response of guinea pigs decomplemented with cobra venom factor was compared with that in saline-treated animals. Complement-depleted animals showed a weaker clinical response in the late phase (12-48 h) of UVB-induced inflammation (p less than 0.05). However, complement activation, detectable as a decrease in CH50 and generation of chemotactic anaphylatoxin, did not occur after in vitro irradiation of guinea pig serum. These results suggest that although the complement system does not play a key role in initiating leukocyte chemotaxis to the UVB-induced inflammatory site, it contributes to the amplification of the late inflammatory reaction.
Direct immunofluorescence for the study of cutaneous drug eruptions
Authors: Gibson LE , Van Hale HM , Schroeter AL.
Published: August 2023

Forty-one patients with drug eruptions were retrospectively evaluated to correlate clinical, direct immunofluorescence, and dermatopathologic findings. Forty-six biopsy specimens were obtained for immunofluorescence in addition to specimens for dermatopathologic study. Eighteen patients had blood vessel fluorescence. Fourteen patients had basement membrane zone fluorescence. Eleven patients had dermatopathologic evidence of lichenoid changes; 8 of these had basement membrane zone fluorescence. Triamterene-hydrochlorothiazide caused the most eruptions (six patients). Positive direct immunofluorescence findings may aid the diagnosis of drug eruptions, especially in the presence of a nonspecific clinical picture or histopathologic findings.
Polymorphous light eruption in hypopigmented pressure areas with a UVA sunbed
Authors: Tegner E , Brudin AM.
Published: August 2023

In two persons a papular dermatitis was provoked by UVA on an area of the back which was subjected to high pressure and therefore did not tan. The inflammation observed had the appearance of a polymorphous light eruption, but neither of the individuals had a history of any pathological light reaction.
Differential effects of 5-fluorouracil on human skin melanocytes and malignant melanoma cells in vitro
Authors: Tsuji T , Karasek MA.
Published: August 2023

We have observed differential effects of the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on human skin melanocytes and malignant melanoma cells in vitro. In the absence of 5-FU the melanoma cells multiplied much more rapidly than the melanocytes. With a 7-day exposure of 5-FU (1.92 X 10(-5) to 3.84 X 10(-4) M) all the melanoma cells died by 5 W, while even two times longer exposure (a 14-day exposure) of 5-FU the melanocytes survived till 6 W and increased at the lower concentration. In the presence of 5-FU there was a different compensatory increase in [3H] thymidine incorporation between the two cell types. That is, compared with the large increase observed in the incorporation by the melanoma cells, a small increase in the incorporation by the melanocytes was observed. The reason for these differential effects of 5-FU may be the difference in the cell cycle and the post-injury cell renewal of the two cell types.
Nickel in Danish food
Authors: Veien NK , Andersen MR.
Published: August 2023

The nickel content of food items consumed in Denmark was estimated on the basis of analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The highest concentrations (1-10 mg nickel/kg fresh weight) were found in cocoa, licorice, lucerne seeds, dried beans, peanuts, hazel nuts, sunflower seeds, oat meal and wheat bran. A diet instruction sheet is proposed as an aid to reduce the amount of nickel ingested. The nickel intake of 8 normal volunteers for 24-hour periods was measured when they ingested their usual diet, reduced nickel intake by adherence to the diet instruction sheet, and when they made a conscious effort to increase nickel intake. It is concluded that it is possible to reduce daily nickel intake in food items.
Medium-wave ultraviolet radiation (UVB) is important in doxycycline phototoxicity
Authors: Bjellerup M.
Published: August 2023

The phototoxic reaction to doxycycline is provoked by long-wave ultraviolet light (UVA). It was shown by the in vivo mouse tail technique, measuring phototoxic edema, that the addition of medium-wave ultraviolet light (UVB) immediately after, immediately before and especially 24 h before the phototoxic trauma, enhanced the reaction more than could be expected from simple addition, thus demonstrating the importance of photoaugmentation in this process.
Expression of OKM5 antigen on human keratinocytes in vitro upon stimulation with gamma-interferon
Authors: Hunyadi J , Simon Jr. M
Published: August 2023

Using murine monoclonal antibodies against human OKM5, OKM1 and HLA-DR antigens antigenic characteristics of freshly separated human epidermal cells (EC) and those of EC cultured in the presence of Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were studied. After 8-12 days of culture, primarily OKM1- OKM5- HLA-DR- keratinocytes displayed OKM5 and HLA-DR antigens when exposed to IFN-gamma. Our data support the concept, that human keratinocytes may possess accessory cell functions.
Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by cultured human epidermal cells
Authors: Konohana A , Tajima S , Nishikawa T.
Published: August 2023

Human epidermal cells obtained from foreskin were grown without any feeder layers and glycosaminoglycan synthesis of the epidermal cells were investigated using 3H-glucosamine as a tracer. At logarithmic and confluent phase of primary culture and confluent phase of 2nd passage culture glycosaminoglycans were found to be actively synthesized. The major component of synthesized glycosaminoglycans was hyaluronic acid. Our study indicates that cultured human epidermal cells constantly produced hyaluronic acid and suggests that glycosaminoglycans in the intercellular region of the epidermis seem to be synthesized by epidermal cells.
Induction of UVA pigmentation in pressure areas by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Tegner E , Björnberg A.
Published: August 2023

Heavy external pressure, caused by the weight of the body when lying on a hard transparent surface during UVA irradiation, prevents pigmentation in pressure exposed skin areas. After percutaneous H2O2 administration a delayed pigmentation appeared on the pressure sites. This finding provides evidence for the role of oxygen in delayed pigmentation by UVA.
Red scalp hair turning dark-brown at 50 years of age
Authors: Juhlin L , Ortonne JP.
Published: August 2023

We report on a man whose scalp hair was reddish since childhood but changed into dark-brown after the age of 50. His pubic hair and beard remained carrot coloured. A high level of arsenic in his scalp hair seemed to be a possible cause of the change from pheomelanogenesis to eumelanogenesis.
Long term plasma exchange therapy in bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Guillot B , Donadio D , Guilhou JJ , Meynadier J.
Published: August 2023

Long term plasma exchanges associated with corticosteroids (11 patients) were compared with corticotherapy alone (10 patients) for the treatment of bullous pemphigoid. The patients having long term plasma exchanges showed a lower rate of relapses at six months and needed less corticosteroids.
Psoriasis treatment with betamethasone dipropionate using short-term application and short-term occlusion
Authors: Jaeger L.
Published: August 2023

High rates of penetration and of transepidermal water loss in psoriatic lesions allow reduction in the periods of application and occlusion, respectively, in corticoid treatment. In 11 patients application for 3-5 min combined with occlusion for 20 min was as effective as classical long-term corticoid treatment. On the other hand it was demonstrated by means of the vasoconstriction test that both reduction in time of application and occlusion to these periods led to a reduction in the amount of steroid absorbed by healthy skin. Thus "Short contact therapy" would probably minimize the steroid absorption by the uninvolved skin surrounding the psoriatic lesions, thereby reducing the risk of side-effects in treatment with potent corticoids.
Comparison of the Surface Properties of 3D-printed Permanent Restorative Resins and Resin-based CAD/CAM Blocks
Authors: Karaoğlanoğlu S , Aydın N , Oktay EA , Ersöz B
Published: August 2023

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the surface roughness, microhardness, and color changes of resin-based computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks and 3D-printed permanent resins in different beverages.

Methods and Materials

Resin-based CAD/CAM blocks (Cerasmart 270 and Grandio Blocs) and 3D-printed permanent restorative resins (Crowntec and Permanent Crown) were used in this study. A total of 96 specimens were prepared from CAD/CAM blocks and 3D-printed permanent resins. The initial surface roughness, microhardness, and shade value of the specimens were measured. Then, the specimens prepared from each material were divided into three subgroups (n=8) and immersed in tea, coffee, and distilled water for 30 days. After the specimens were immersed in the beverages, the surface roughness, microhardness, and tone values were measured again. The data were statistically analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance test (p<0.05).

Results

No statistically significant difference was found in the surface roughness values of the resin-based CAD/CAM blocks and 3D-printed resins (p<0.05). Resin-based CAD/CAM blocks showed statistically significantly higher microhardness than 3D-printed permanent resins (p<0.05). Although the color changes in 3D-printed resins in tea and coffee were similar to those in resin-based CAD/CAM blocks on the first and seventh days, more color changes appeared in the 3D-printed resins after 30 days. The surface roughness and microhardness values of the specimens submerged in tea, coffee, and distilled water showed no statistically significant changes (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Although the surface roughness of 3D-printed permanent resins was similar to that of resin-based CAD/CAM blocks, they had a lower microhardness value. Moreover, 3D-printed permanent resins showed more color changes in tea and coffee.
Urovekkende og radikal kritikk om skolens omsorgssvikt
Authors: Berg-Brekkhus Åshild
Published: August 2023

Les anmeldelse av boken Skolens omsorgssvikt, skrevet av Ole Martin Moen.
Immigrant Digital Generation Teacher Efforts in Investing Digital Literacy in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Fitriyah Qonitah Faizatul , Qaidatiningsih Salmarani Putri , Nafisah Shafa Oktavia
Published: August 2023

Learning difficulties that many students experience are learning concentration, management of learning materials, storage of learning outcomes, and exploration of stored learning outcomes. With digital literacy, it can increase student independence in finding solutions to problems that arise during learning using various digital sources. However, this is a problem for teachers of the digital immigrant generation because of the large difference in the generation gap. The output targets are (1) research reports on teachers' efforts to instill digital literacy for early childhood, (2) research articles published in the journal "Cakrawala Dini" accredited national journal Sinta 3. This research is a qualitative research with a case study type. The object of this research is the digital immigrant generation teacher at Aisyiyah Kartasura Kindergarten. Data collection techniques used are through observation, interviews, and documentation. While testing the validity of the data includes: internal validity, external validity, reliability, and objectivity. Data obtained by in-depth interviews can be analyzed by open-coding.
Character Education in Early Childhood Based on Kohlberg's Perspective
Authors: Sunaryo Ilham , Fauziati Endang
Published: August 2023

Early Childhood learning prioritizes developing cognitive intelligence rather thanaffective intelligence or character building. This research is a type of exploratory descriptiveresearch. Exploratory descriptive research aims to describe the state of a phenomenon. Thisresearch is not intended to test certain hypotheses, only to describe what a variable, symptomor condition is. This research wants to further analyze related to early childhood charactereducation based on Kohlberg using literature studies obtained from various scientificsources. The urgency of character education for each individual is an absolute thing to do asan effort to build a generation that contributes to the progress of the nation. Charactereducation efforts certainly cannot escape from the psychological aspects contained inindividuals which may influence the process of achieving the success of character buildingitself. One of the most significant individual psychological aspects for the development ofindividual personality is the moral aspect.
The role of bacterial consortium as bioactivator to stimulate production and suppress grain rot disease and bacterial leaf blight in rice
Authors: Sahlan Fadyah Khamila , Ayu Eka Nur Fadhillah , Junaid Muhammad , Hardina Nur , Nurmujahidin  , Kuswinanti Tutik , Patandjengi Baharuddin
Published: August 2023

Burkholderia glumae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae are the primary causes of bacterial disease in rice, capable of reducing production and posing a threat to food availability. This research aims to assess the efficacy of a consortium of five bacteria contained in Mikrobat as bioactivators. The goal is to enhance rice yields, mitigate the severity, and suppress grain rot disease and bacterial leaf blight in rice. The research employed a split-plot design encompassing 12 treatment combinations replicated three times. The experimental setup involved two factors: the main plot consisted of rice varieties-Ciherang, Inpari 4, and Trisakti-while the subplots represented types of bioactivators-Mikrobat, EM4, Trichoderma asperellum, and a control. Results demonstrated Mikrobat’s positive impact compared to the control, with an average of 17.37 productive tillers and higher yields than other bioactivator treatments. Notably, Mikrobat exhibited 50.04% spikelets per panicle and a 1000-grain weight of 19.77 g. The severity of disease with Mikrobat treatment was notably lower than with EM4 and T. asperellum, featuring 4.20% for grain rot disease and 4.41% for bacterial leaf blight. This was significantly different from the control, which showed severity rates of 9.94% for grain rot disease and 7.75% for bacterial leaf blight. Among the three tested varieties, Ciherang demonstrated the best response, displaying higher resistance to both tested diseases. The varietal treatments did not significantly differ from each other. Although Mikrobat’s effects were not significantly distinct from EM4 and T. asperellum, its usage still reduced the severity and suppression of grain rot and leaf blight diseases
Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çeviklik ve Performans İlişkisi: Örgütsel Yapının Aracılık Rolü
Authors: Artun Cemal
Published: August 2023

Otellerin rekabet güçlerini sürdürebilmeleri çevresel belirsizliğe karşı proaktif olabilmeleriyle ilişkilendirilmektedir. Proaktiflik, hız ve esneklikle desteklenmektedir. Yazında çevikliğin hız ve esneklik özellikleriyle işletmelere rekabette öne çıkmalarını sağladığı belirtilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı konaklama işletmelerinin çevik davranışlarının performansla ilişkisini ve örgütsel yapının aracılık rolünü araştırmaktır. Bu araştırma modelini test etmek için Türkiye genelinden 4 ve 5 yıldızlı otellerden anket aracılığıyla 91 konaklama işletmesinden veri toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın kavramsal modelinin analizi Smart PLS aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular çeviklik performans ilişkisinde sadece yetkinlik boyutunun finansal olmayan performansa etkisi olduğunu ve örgütsel yapının aracılık rolünün olmadığını göstermektedir.
Possible links of wildfires with oncological diseases of children and adults in the Russian Far East
Authors: Pinaev SK , Venevsky S , Chakov VV , Tian L , Gong P , Kaprin AD , Starinsky VV , Chizhov AYa , Pinaeva OG
Published: August 2023

Russian Federal Far East District is a continental scale area where wildfires are frequent. We aimed to a) determine whether wildfires are related statistically to cancer for children and adults in the Russian Federal Far East District (FFED); b) to estimate time lags of such relationships and c) to find out which age groups are most vulnerable for wildfires. Annual number of fires (NF) in administrative units (AUs), normalized to the maximum value for all AUs in observation period 1992–2019, was taken as a characteristic of wildfires in our analysis. Annual cancer incidence (CI) for five cancer types for children up to 14 years and the entire population, normalized similarly to NF, was compared to normalized NF. ARIMA models were used for time series analysis for the period 1992–2019. Linear statistical analysis was done for NF and CI for short time series (10–12 years) for the central AU of FFED for “children up to 4 years”; Three additional embryonal types of cancer and five benign types of tumors were also focused in linear statistical analysis. ARIMA analysis revealed 27 associations between NF and CI with a lag from 0 to 3 years for two age groups, and five cancer types (p-values between 0.002 and 0.1). Linear statistical analysis for “children up to 4 years” revealed correlations for two from three embryonal types of cancer and three from five benign tumors (0.002 < p < 0.046). Incidences of hematopoietic, lymphoid, vascular, and soft tissue neoplasms, as well as CNS tumors had associations with wildfires for “children up to 4 years”, for “children up to 14 years” and “the entire population” age groups in many cases. Entire population and children up to 4 years in the central AU of FFED are most sensitive to wildfire — cancer interactions. Associations “number of fires — cancer incidence” as a rule have time lags from 0 to 3 years.
Komparasi linear regression, random forest regression, dan multilayer perceptron regression untuk prediksi tren musik TikTok
Authors: Soraya Nadia Sofie , Hendry Hendry
Published: August 2023

Prediksi korelasi feature audio terhadap lagu yang populer di TikTok merupakan hal penting dalam industri musik. Dengan bekal data yang memiliki beberapa feature audio maka dilakukan penelitian menggunakan metode Linear Regression (LR), Random Forest Regression (RFR), dan Multilayer Perceptron Regression (MLP Regression) untuk membandingkan model yang dapat memprediksi popularitas secara efektif dan feature yang mempengaruhi popularitas lagu di TikTok. Selain itu dilakukan juga Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) untuk mendapatkan insight data. Hasil dari proses EDA yaitu popularitas lagu terbanyak berada pada range 40-80, durasi lagu antara 2-3 menit, feature loudness berkorelasi positif dengan energy, demikian juga antara artist_pop dan track_pop. Set feature importance pada model LR dan RFR untuk feature target track_pop adalah artist_pop, loudness, dan duration_ms. Metode LR memiliki hasil terbaik untuk dataset yang dipakai, dengan MSE sebesar 0.0313, RMSE sebesar 0.177, dan MAE sebesar 0.118.
Coumarin Derivative from the Unripe Fruit of Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia Linn) and Cytotoxic Activity
Authors:   Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Sriwijaya University, Jln Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km 32 Ogan Ilir, South Sumatera, Indonesia, Ferlinahayati Ferlinahayati , Nisa Sarifatun , Hermansyah Hermansyah , Basir Dasril
Published: August 2023

A coumarin derivative namely scopoletin (7-hydroxy-6-methoxychromen-2-one)had been isolated from the methanol extract of unripe noni fruits (Morinda citrifolia Linn.). The extraction was conducted by maceration, continuing with separation and purification using several techniques of chromatography. The yellowish isolated compound showed a melting point at 200 – 202 C. The compound structure was analyzed based on spectral data 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and NOE 1D. The inhibition of methanol extract of noni fruits and scopoletin against murine leukemia P388 cells using MTT assay showed IC50 were > 100 μg/mL and 65.69 μg/mL respectively. These showed that scopoletin was more cytotoxic than methanol extract but weaker than artonin E as a positive control IC50 0.48 μg/mL).
Study of Boron Complexation with Pyridoxine: Effect of Interaction Time, Temperature, and Amount of Pyridoxine
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sriwijaya, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir, South Sumatera, 30662 Indonesia, Hidayati Nurlisa , Fianti Ariqah , Arnela Mita
Published: August 2023

Borax is one of the compounds of boron (B), which is widely used as an anti-fungal, wood preservative, and antiseptic in cosmetics. Boron can form complexes with biomolecules such as pyridoxine, so it is interesting to know the interaction between borax and pyridoxine. This study seeks to investigate the complexation of boron, which is obtained from borax, with pyridoxine under various conditions of time, temperature, and the amount of pyridoxine. The resulting complex was characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The study was initiated by optimizing the complexation of boron and pyridoxine. The maximum wavelengths of pyridoxine were found in the 205 nm and 292 nm regions, while the boron-pyridoxine complex was found in the 237 nm region. The obtained contact time, temperature, and amount of pyridoxine are 40 minutes, 60 °C, and 2 mL respectively. The results of the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis of the boron-pyridoxine complex showed that there were OH groups, aromatic C=C groups, aliphatic C-C groups, B-H groups, and B-O groups. The results of the XRD analysis of the boron-pyridoxine complex obtained a diffraction angle of 30.93°
Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate from α-Cellulose of Paper Waste
Authors:   Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Bangka Belitung, Bangka, Bangka 33172, Indonesia, Asriza Ristika O , Nurhadini Nurhadini , Arkan Fardhan
Published: August 2023

A cellulose derivative substance called cellulose acetate is frequently used in the manufacturing of photographic film, fiber, membranes, and bioplastics. However, the availability of sources for cellulose acetate's raw material does not support this demand. Paper waste has a high cellulose content. Therefore, the aim of this research is to synthesize cellulose acetate from α-cellulose waste paper. In order to separate alpha cellulose from waste paper in this study, the delignification process with NaOH solvent was used as a first step. After obtaining alpha cellulose, acetic anhydride was used to carry out the acetylation reaction. The yield of α-cellulose from paper waste is 51.8%. α-Cellulose is reacted with acetic anhydride through acetylation reactions and hydrolysis of acetyl groups. From this reaction, functional groups -OH, C=O ester, and C-O acetyl appeared from the FTIR spectra analysis which indicated that cellulose acetate had been successfully synthesized. The type of cellulose acetate produced is a type of cellulose monoacetate with an acetyl groups of 23% and a degree of substitution value of 1.17
Trabajo decente y crecimiento económico ante el covid-19 en microempresas familiares poblanas
Authors:   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Vera Muñoz María Antonieta Monserrat , Vera Muñoz José Gerardo Serafín ,   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Martínez Méndez Rafaela ,   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Márquez Jiménez Gabriel ,   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Published: August 2023

Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sustentable (ODS), están lógicamente entrelazados buscando en mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas en toda la extensión que esto conlleva, en particular el objetivo 8 que versa sobre el trabajo decente y el crecimiento económico se ha complicado el poder cumplirlo y mucho ha contribuido a ello la pandemia por COVID-19 que llegó a México en febrero de 2020 y hasta el 2022 sigue presente. El logro del referido objetivo se refleja por el comportamiento del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) y en la tasa de desocupación; en alusión a estos últimos 2 puntos las microempresas familiares tienen una importante presencia en la economía mexicana y por ende en la contribución al PIB y a las fuentes de empleo. Por lo que el objetivo general del trabajo es: identificar la existencia de la contribución de las microempresas familiares al objetivo 8 trabajo decente y crecimiento económico y qué afectaciones han tenido por la pandemia COVID-19. Metodológicamente se aborda cualitativamente, para analizar el contenido del referido objetivo 8, considerando sus 2 importantes elementos el trabajo decente y el crecimiento económico. Los resultados se presentan prioritariamente de forma cualitativa con un apoyo cuantitativo; la muestra está integrada a conveniencia por 90 microempresas familiares poblanas, en las que se aplicó un cuestionario de 28 preguntas; en los periodos de julio 2020 a junio 2021 y una ampliación de la aplicación del instrumento de abril a junio 2022. Los resultados muestran la contribución de las microempresas familiares al crecimiento económico y al trabajo decente. Como hallazgo se identificó la permanencia de su contribución con el objetivo 8 a pesar de la pandemia. Teniendo como limitación el haber trabajado únicamente a una muestra de microempresas familiares poblanas.
CIDADES E CRISE URBANA IMINENTE: REFLEXÕES E PERSPECTIVAS ACERCA DE SOCIABILIDADES E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NO PERÍODO PÓS PANDEMIA NAS CIDADES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: De Araujo Eloisa Carvalho , De Araújo Jefferson Tomaz , De Souza Karina Martins
Published: August 2023

A pandemia de Covid-19 tem causado uma série de impactos sociais, sanitários, econômicos, políticos e urbanísticos nas cidades brasileiras. No período pós-quarentena paulatinamente iniciado, pressupõe-se a eclosão de rupturas diversas nos paradigmas de produção e gestão de cidade. Entre outros aspectos, os modos de sociabilidade no espaço urbano indicam uma possível necessidade de reestruturação por parte do poder público no processo de apropriação dos espaços da cidade. Busca-se aqui discutir algumas possíveis ações de reordenamento dos espaços livres urbanos de maneira sistêmica entre Estado e sociedade civil, considerando os esforços coletivos das apropriações de grupos sociais distintos no sentido de potencializar aspectos como a multifuncionalidade, a vitalidade e a polissemia da cultura urbana. Como contribuição científica, o trabalho promove a identificação de algumas práticas possíveis à revisão e reformulação de políticas públicas a fim da reativação dos espaços urbanos na conjuntura atual e no futuro das cidades brasileiras.
O PROGRAMA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO EDUCACIONAL - PDE: TENDÊNCIAS EM EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA UTILIZADAS POR PROFESSORES DOS ANOS FINAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Santana Geralda de Fatima Neri , Fusinato Polonia Altoé
Published: August 2023

Este artigo discute as escolhas pedagógicas utilizadas por professores da Educação Básica no ensino de conteúdos de matemática do Programa de Desenvolvimento Educacional - PDE nos últimos dez anos de implementação do programa no estado do Paraná. Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa mais abrangente. O objetivo é investigar, nos artigos produzidos pelos professores participantes do PDE e que ensinam matemática nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental, quais as Tendências em Educação Matemática foram utilizadas durante a implementação dos projetos em sala de aula. A investigação pôs em evidência as Tendências em Educação Matemática: Investigação Matemática, Resolução de Problemas, Mídias Tecnológicas, Modelagem Matemática, entre outras, confirmadas por professores participantes do PDE como apropriadas para ensinar matemática. Os envolvidos neste processo educativo, registraram de acordo com os artigos examinados, que a prática adotada favoreceu o ensino e propiciou a aquisição de novos conhecimentos da disciplina de matemática.
ESTUDO SOBRE A PERCEPÇÃO DOS ALUNOS DO ENSINO MÉDIO DE UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA DO MUNICÍPIO DE SANTO ANTÔNIO DO IÇÁ/AM SOBRE AS METODOLOGIAS ALTERNATIVAS APLICADAS NAS CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS
Authors: Santana Nildiane , Freitas Silvia Regina Sampaio
Published: August 2023

A utilização de ferramentas didáticas diversificadas possui grande relevância no ensino de Biologia, pois a disciplina apresenta conteúdos complexos e muitas nomenclaturas específicas por vezes desconhecidas pelos alunos. O presente estudo avaliou a percepção de 35 alunos do 2º ano do ensino médio de uma escola situada no interior do estado do Amazonas quanto as práticas de ensino utilizadas na disciplina Citologia. A pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi o questionário e os dados foram analisados de acordo com a metodologia da Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que os alunos gostam da Citologia, contudo possuem dificuldades em compreender os assuntos abstratos quando trabalhados de forma exclusivamente teórica. Nesse contexto, o uso de métodos alternativos e lúdico despontam como uma prática a ser empregada com vista a favorecer a aprendizagem plena e efetiva dos alunos.
UM OLHAR PARA O PROGRAMA AGRINHO COMO POTENCIAL PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE ATIVIDADES DE MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA NA PERSPECTIVA CRÍTICA
Authors: Martins Aline Loise , Kato Lilian Akemi
Published: August 2023

As experiências pedagógicas desenvolvidas por professores, da Educação Básica no Paraná, por meio do Programa Agrinho mostram-se como potenciais favorecedoras de uma educação crítica que extrapola o ensino e a aprendizagem conceitual, promovendo práticas que dialogam com o contexto de vida e formação dos envolvidos. Nesse viés focamos no material disponível por esse Programa, sob as lentes teóricas da Modelagem no contexto da Educação Matemática, segundo uma perspectiva crítica. Com o objetivo olharmos para o potencial do material com vistas ao desenvolvimento de atividades de Modelagem Matemática sob o viés crítico, buscamos na literatura algumas características de atividades, já desenvolvidas, que foram norteadas pela Modelagem Matemática e Educação Matemática Crítica, especificamente na Educação Básica, relatadas em trabalhos acadêmicos. De posse desse material, a postura de investigação seguiu a abordagem qualitativa, em que adotamos a Análise Textual Discursiva para análise de 06 produções que constituíram o corpus da pesquisa. Fragmentamos os dados prezando pela etapa de unitarização e desse processo emergiram 09 unidades de análise que oportunizaram o delineamento de duas Categorias Finais: CF-1: A importância da escolha do tema no planejamento intencional e contextualizado da atividade de Modelagem Matemática como forma de mediação para ação crítica por meio de discussões reflexivas a partir de conceitos matemáticos; CF-2: O apoio e o papel orientativo do professor na condução da atividade de Modelagem Matemática promovendo o diálogo investigativo e o desenvolvimento gradativo de habilidades argumentativas com vistas à conscientização crítica de estudantes. Sob as lentes da primeira categoria, que destacamos nesse texto, investigamos os materiais do Programa Agrinho, evidenciando possibilidades para o uso em atividades de Modelagem Matemática com ênfase na promoção de discussões críticas que resultem em reflexões para tomada de decisões.