bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Tamsulosin as Compared to Placebo, in Reducing Post Operative Flank Pain during Voiding, in Patients with Ureteric Stent
Authors: Ali Arif , Dilawar Suhail , Suria Bilal , Sohu Safiullah , Mujtaba Ghulam , Hussain Shahid
Published: December 2021

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of tamsulosin in reducing post operative flank pain during voiding, in patients with ureteric stent.

Study Design: This is a Randomized control trial (RCT) study.

Place and Duration: Study carried out at Department of Urology, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre, Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from June 2016 to November 2016.

Methodology: 60 patients aged between 15 – 45years, undergone placement of ureteric stent to treat ureteric and renal calculi and have pain score >4, were included in the study. Divided into two groups ‘group A’ and ‘group B’. In group ‘A’ and group ‘B’ Tamsulosin and Placebo was given respectively in patients with ureteric stent and reduction in post-operative flank pain was measured and compared. Tamsulosin was given post operatively when NPO is broken after 2 hours – 6 hours.  Patients having uretral trauma, patients having BPH,  patient underwent TURP or TURBT, patent having urinary tract infection and  patients with pregnancy or lactating females were excluded. All patients were received intravenous antibiotic (Ceftrixone 1gr). Also all patients were receive oral analgesic (diclofenic sodium 50mg BID) and antispasmodics (Drotaverine 80mg BID). Patients were discharged after 24 hours. Postoperatively stent related flank pain during voiding was assessed via Pain Scale.

Results: 60 Patients who got operated for ureteric stent. In group ‘A’ there were 21 males (70%) and 9 females (30%), the mean age of group A was 35.67±5.99 as In group ‘B’ there were of 21 males (70%) and 9 females (30%) and mean age of group B was 35.04±6.42 (Table 1). Mean Pain score in ‘Group A’ (Tamsulosin) in week 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 was 4.1, 3.5, 2.9, 2.3, 1.9, 1.3 respectively as shown in Table 2. Mean Pain score in ‘group B’ (Placebo) in week1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 was 6.9, 6.3, 5.9, 5.6, 5, 4.2 respectively as shown in Table 2.  Average pain score in ‘group A’ and ‘group B’ came out to be 2.67 and 5.64 respectively (P value 0.005). 

Conclusion: Alpha blockers reduces the post-operative flank pain and voiding complaints in patients with ureteric stent. Our study shows that the efficacy of Tamsulosin in reducing post-operatice flank pain in patients with uretercic stent is better than placebo.
Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Prevalent during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aldhwaihi Khaled Abdulrahman , Alsanad Saud M. , Almutiri Abdulrahman Hadi , Aldoihi Saad
Published: December 2021

Owing to disparities in the intensity of the breakouts, state and federal regulations, accessible means, cultural elements, and social consciousness, the global reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic has been varied. The COVID-19 pandemic, on the other hand, has had an impact on all parts of society, notably efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The pandemic has highlighted that a greater burden on medical infrastructure can contribute to higher, often unnecessary antibiotic usage and a de-prioritization of antimicrobial stewardship and surveillance (AMS). The focus of this research is to see if there is a growth in antibiotic resistance during the covid-19 pandemic in the King Salman Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to investigate the subcomponent that leads to antibiotic resistance. This is a comprehensive review of patients hospitalized at the King Salman Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) during the first wave of the covid-19 pandemic, which occurred between March and August 2020. An analysis of the case dataset was performed to determine the rise in antibiotic resistance and relate it to resistant cases before the pandemic (September 2019 to February 2020). Before and throughout the pandemic, fifteen kinds of bacteria were found, with K. pneumonia being the most prevalent bacteria (49; 30.6%), and Ac. Baum/haem being the most removable bacteria during the pandemic (74; 37.3%). Cephalosporin antibiotics, in notably cefotaxime and ceftazidime (100%), cefazolin (96.3%), ceftriaxone (96%), cefuroxime and ceftazidime (95%), cefotaxime ((94.7%). These antibiotics also had the same amount of resistance during the pandemic. In pre-covid-19 and during covid-19, these findings were congruent with the penicillin antibiotics class, ampicillin, and piperacillin (96.3% and 92.1%), accordingly. It is presently uncertain if COVID-19 patients would develop new or growing antibiotic resistance in locations with low historical prevalence, but this should be investigated in retrospective and future clinical and microbiology research.
Out of Pocket Expenditure Associated with COVID 19 Pandemic in India
Authors: Rajasekar Hanitha , Sharath U. , Kumar S. Lokesh
Published: December 2021

Corona virus 2019, popularly known as COVID-19 is a viral illness which has caused a threat in the minds of people across the world in recent times. Even developed countries are facing major challenges in preventing and treating this dreadful disease. In view of unavailability of effective vaccine and healthcare facilities, the burden of this disease is growing day by day. An important concern among the people living in these countries is the Out of Pocket Expenditure, which is ‘an expenditures borne directly by a patient, where insurance does not cover the full cost of the health goods or service’. As of 2014 data, Public expenditure on health in India has remained at 1% of GDP, very low compared to emerging BRICS (Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa) economies and even below neighbouring countries like Nepal and Sri Lanka. Hence it is high time that Government of India focuses on strengthening the primary healthcare system, community participation and Public private partnership so that disparity in healthcare needs is addressed and OOPE is reduced.
Impact of Planned Teaching Program on COVID- 19 Vaccination in Terms of Knowledge and Attitude among the People in Selected Rural Area of Nadiad Taluka
Authors: Shivangi Patel , Jahnvi Pateliya , Pinal Makwana , Surbhi Chavda , Rajan Mahida , Nirali Chauhan , Aesha Patel , Dipika Chavda , Vaidya Arpita
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Vaccination is intended to prevent diseases. Vaccines saves 2-3 million lives every year. A COVID-19 vaccine is one of the best way to provide acquired immunity against COVID -19. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program in terms of knowledge and attitude [1].

Objective: To assess the impact of planned teaching program on COVID- 19 vaccination in terms of knowledge and attitude among the rural people.

Method: A quantitative study with one group pre test post test design was conducted at various rural places of Nadiad Taluka. A total 60 people were enrolled in to the study. A structured knowledge questionnaire and likert attitude scale was built that contained information regarding COVID 19 vaccination. The effect of teaching program was analyzed by statically

Results: T-test and chi square test was used to find the association with selected demographic variables. In the knowledge regarding COVID-19 vaccination range was 8, mean was 0.849 standard deviation was 0.357, standard error mean was 0.0595. In the attitude range was 33, mean was 4.345, standard deviation was 0.797, standard error mean was 0.132. A knowledge paired t-test value was 5.30 and the attitude paired t-test value was 6.57 was.

Conclusion: The planned teaching program was effective in increasing knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19 vaccination among the rural people of Nadiad Taluka.
Determining the Role of Psychiatric Nurse for Client Receiving Anti-Psychotic Drugs in India
Authors: Wanjari Mayur B. , Mendhe Deeplata , Wankhede Pratibha
Published: December 2021

The prevalence of mental diseases is increasing. Even the average person suffers from minor issues such as stress and anxiety due to various causes. Clients having psychiatric consultations require support and exceptional care from a psychiatric nurse; these clients are given multiple drugs with varied side effects that must be managed; the nurse is only present with the patient and manages the patient. As a result, this article discusses the numerous roles that a psychiatric nurse can play in this regard.
Academic Performance of Hearing Impaired Children Who Received Early Intervention
Authors: Choudhry Amin Fatima , Noor Hafiza Shabnum , Shahid Rabia , Mukhtar Tehreem , Zahra Syeda Mariam , Butt Ghazal Awais
Published: December 2021

Aims: This study aims to assess the academic performance of children with hearing impairment who received early intervention in Lahore.

Study Design:  Cross sectional survey design was used.

Place and Duration of Study: Data was collected from Special Institute/School; Hamza foundation academy Lahore, Pakistan for the duration of six months from March 2021 to September 2021.

Methodology: 97 students with moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss children (aged in between 4 to 12), using hearing aids (HA’s) and cochlear implant (CI) were included by using purposive sampling technique. Hearing impaired children with other than sensorineural hearing loss and children who didn’t receive early intervention (hearing aids/implants or speech therapy) were excluded from this study.

Results: It was found that 97 children with hearing impairment achieved significantly in their test score (80 to 99%) across English, Science, and Mathematics as compared to Urdu and Islamiyat (70 to 79%) after the implementation of intervention strategies.

Conclusion: The study conclude that, while children with hearing impairment faced struggle in some areas of academics which includes listening and imitation in subjects like Urdu (structure of words) and Islamiyat (due to Arabic talafuz), their  academic performance in Math, English, and Science is higher with overall achieved percentage between  80 to 99%.
Aloe Vera as an Antidiabetic and Wound Healing Agent for Diabetic Patients
Authors: Harshali . , Thakur Pitambri , Mukherjee Gunjan
Published: December 2021

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that has been prevalent among the population and has been reported to rise worldwide at an alarming rate. Diabetes puts a person through a lot of risk to his or her life because of the late complications developed with time if this is not cured. It affects some metabolic processes related to lipid and glucose such that they further can lead to liver and kidney disorders. An evergreen, herbal, plant which is called aloe vera is a health remedy and in large demand these days because of its ability to cure many diseases. The present study is designed for the purpose to examine and check the efficacy of aloe vera to cure diabetes, reducing the risk of complications and also reducing the chance of liver and kidney dysfunction. The glucose level in the patient and lipid profile status is also an important part of studying effectiveness. It is also known that a therapeutic drug already is responsible to cure the disease but as it is a chemical compound, so it is important to note the side effects of the same on the patient’s health, no matter how effective the drug is. To reduce this risk, the therapeutic drug in low quantity is combined with aloe vera extract to enhance effectiveness and lower down the side effects in patients. The aloe vera extract has also shown benefit in increasing the rate of the wound healing process in diabetic patients because of the problem of lack in their cell’s ability to recover and heal the wound. Clinical trials have also become the evidence of proving the fact about the anti-diabetic nature of aloe vera so that in the future all the chemical drugs may get replaced by herbal plant active components to reduce health problems in most people.
Influence of Post Shooting Spray and Bunch Bagging on Per Day Productivity and Fruit Quality of Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.)
Authors: Paradva D. R. , Patel M. J. , Kacha H. L.
Published: December 2021

Aims: To determine the effect of post shooting spray and bunch bagging on per day productivity and quality of banana (Musa paradisiaca L.)”

Study Design: Completely Randomized Design (Factorial) with three repetitions.

Place and Duration of Study: Experiment was carried out at the Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture,  AAU, Anand during the year 2017-18 and 2018-19

Methodology: The experiment comprises of twenty four treatment combinations involving two varieties viz. Grand Naine and William with six levels of post shooting sprays namely; control, humic acid 2 %, 2, 4-D 30 mg/l, gibberellic acid (GA3) 100 mg/l, CPPU 4 mg/l and sulphate of potash (SOP) 2 % with two bunch bagging viz., non- woven material bag covering and blue colour polyethylene sleeve (6 % perforated) bag covering. Post shooting sprays were given twice i.e. 1st spray after complete opening of inflorescence and 2nd spray after 30 days of first spray with covering the bunch immediately after second spray.

Results: The results indicated that the Grand Naine variety recorded significantly minimum harvest days, maturity days. Whereas, William variety was recorded significantly shelf life and fruit appearances. In case of per day productivity is concerned, both the varieties were equally important. The post shooting spray of GA3 100 mg/l recorded significantly improves per day productivity and fruit appearances. Whereas, post shooting spray of SOP 2 % recorded minimum harvest day and maturity days. While, post shooting sprays of CPPU 4 mg/l showed significantly maximum shelf life. The non-woven material bag covering was significantly better among all quantitative and qualitative parameters as compared to blue colour polyethylene sleeve bag covering. While, post shooting spray of CPPU 4 mg/l with non-woven material bag covering showed significantly expand the shelf life of fruit.

Conclusion: Grand Naine variety recorded significantly minimum harvest and maturity days. Whereas, William variety was recorded significantly shelf life and fruit appearances. The post shooting spray of GA3 100 mg/l was improved per day productivity and fruit appearances. Whereas, post shooting sprays of CPPU 4 mg/l showed significantly enhancing the shelf life. The non-woven material bag covering on banana bunches was found significantly better among all quantitative and qualitative parameters.
The ergothioneine transporter (ETT): substrates and locations, an inventory
Authors: Gründemann Dirk , Hartmann Lea , Flögel Svenja
Published: December 2021

In all vertebrates including mammals, the ergothioneine transporter ETT (obsolete name OCTN1; human gene symbol SLC22A4) is a powerful and highly specific transporter for the uptake of ergothioneine (ET). ETT is not expressed ubiquitously and only cells with high ETT cell‐surface levels can accumulate ET to high concentration. Without ETT, there is no uptake because the plasma membrane is essentially impermeable to this hydrophilic zwitterion. Here, we review the substrate specificity and localization of ETT, which is prominently expressed in neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and developing erythrocytes. Most sites of strong expression are conserved across species, but there are also major differences. In particular, we critically analyze the evidence for the expression of ETT in the brain as well as recent data suggesting that the transporter SLC22A15 may also transport ET. We conclude that, to date, ETT remains the only well‐defined biomarker for intracellular ET activity. In humans, the ability to take up, distribute, and retain ET depends principally on this transporter.
Art and Religion
Authors: Roosa Wayne L.
Published: December 2021

Art and religion are not the same thing, but they have been intimately related since the beginnings of culture. Their relationship has been intertwined in the generation and expression of meaning. If two basic human needs are the pragmatic need to survive and the abstract need for meaning beyond “mere survival,” then art and religion have been significant mediators between these two needs. Their mediation occurs through their particular agency in developing content embodied as symbolic form and representation, expressed within community practice, in order to articulate what humans have experienced as the “spiritual.” Historically, art and religion's relationship has operated in three primary ways: one, as highly collaborative, almost as coextensive; two, as separate but highly sympathetic to each other; three, as in conflict, whether “positively” (iconoclastic controversies over how spiritual truth is best expressed), or “negatively” (hostile critiques of each other when religion and art express opposing paradigms). The magnificent range of art and religion's collaboration is vast and diverse, running horizontally across many cultures, vertically down through each culture's particular history, and cutting diagonally across cultures as they influence, enrich, or colonize each other. Each of these three areas will be considered, with examples, in order to demonstrate the rich contribution of art and religion's relation.
Ligand Field‐Induced Exotic Dopant for Infrared Transparent Electrode: W in Rutile SnO2
Authors: Fukumoto Michitaka , Hirose Yasushi , Williamson Benjamin A. D. , Nakao Shoichiro , Kimura Koji , Hayashi Koichi , Sugisawa Yuki , Sekiba Daiichiro , Scanlon David O. , Hasegawa Tetsuya
Published: December 2021

Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) exhibiting high near‐infrared (NIR) transmittance are one of the key materials for highly efficient thin‐film solar cells with widened spectral sensitivity. To realize excellent NIR transparency in a TCO film, developing a dopant providing high mobility (µ) carriers is quite important. Herein, it is demonstrated that W is a high‐μ dopant in rutile SnO2, which is unexpected from the conventional strategy. A combination of electrical transport property measurements and hybrid density functional theory calculations reveals that W behaves as a singly charged donor (W5+) showing minimized ionized impurity scattering. This charge state is realized by the splitting of the W 5d t2g‐states originating not only from the octahedral crystal field but also hybridization with the O 2p orbitals, whose contribution has not been considered in transition metal‐doped TCOs. Hybridization between metal d orbital and O 2p orbitals would provide a new guide for designing a novel dopant of NIR transparent conductors.
F and N Rich Solid Electrolyte for Stable All‐Solid‐State Battery
Authors: Wan Hongli , Zhang Jiaxun , Xia Jiale , Ji Xiao , He Xinzi , Liu Sufu , Wang Chunsheng
Published: December 2021

The instability of sulfide solid electrolytes to Li anode and high‐voltage LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathodes limits the cyclic performance of all‐solid‐state lithium battery (ASSLB). Herein, the stability of Li6PS5Cl against Li anode is enhanced by mixing a small amount (0.32 wt%) of CuF2‐LiNO3 (CL) into Li6PS5Cl electrolyte layer to in‐situ form a mixed‐conductive‐lithiophobic and self‐healing LiF‐Li3N‐Cu solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at Li6PS5Cl‐CL/Li interface. The critical current density (CCD) of Li6PS5Cl‐CuF2‐LiNO3 increases to 1.4 mA cm–2/1.4 mAh cm–2 at room temperature, which is much higher than that of pristine Li6PS5Cl (0.4 mA cm–2/0.4 mAh cm–2) even though mixing 0.32 wt% CL into Li6PS5Cl slightly reduces the ionic conductivity from 2.9 × 10–3 to 1.5 × 10–3 S cm–1. The compatibility of Li6PS5Cl‐CL electrolyte to single‐crystalline NMC811 (S‐NMC811) is further enhanced by adding a small amount (0.02 wt%) of AlF3 into Li6PS5Cl‐CL forming Li6PS5Cl‐CuF2‐LiNO3‐AlF3 (Li6PS5Cl‐CLA) as a cathode electrolyte and by doing Cl– on S‐NMC811 (Cl@S‐NMC811) surface. The Cl@S‐NMC811‐Li6PS5Cl‐CLA|Li6PS5Cl‐CL|Li cells with areal capacity of 2.55 mAh cm‐2 achieve a capacity retention of 69.4% after 100 cycles at 1C (1C = 200 mAh g‐1). Adding a small amount of SEI and cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI) former into the sulfide electrolytes with minimal reduction (48.3%) of ionic conductivity is an effective method to enhance the performance of ASSLB.
A Novel Technique for Controlling Anisotropic Ion Diffusion: Bulk Single‐Crystalline Metallic Silicon Clathrate
Authors: Iwasaki Suguru , Morito Haruhiko , Komine Takashi , Morita Kazuki , Shibuya Taizo , Nishii Junji , Fujioka Masaya
Published: December 2021

Na‐free Si clathrates consisting only of Si cages are an allotrope of diamond‐structured Si. This material is promising for various device applications, such as next‐generation photovoltaics. The probable technique for synthesizing Na‐free Si clathrates is to extract Na+ from the Si cages of Na24Si136. Vacuum annealing is presently a well‐known conventional and effective approach for extracting Na. However, this study demonstrates that Na+ cannot be extracted from the surface of a single‐crystalline type‐II metallic Si clathrate (Na24Si136) in areas deeper than 150 µm. Therefore, a novel method is developed to control anisotropic ion diffusion: this is effective for various compounds with a large difference in the bonding strength between their constituent elements, such as Na24Si136 composed of covalent Si cages and weakly trapped Na+. By skillfully exploiting the difference in the chemical potentials as a driving force, Na+ is homogeneously extracted regardless of the size of the single crystal while maintaining high crystallinity. Additionally, the proposed point defect model is evaluated via density functional theory, and the migration of Na+ between the Si cages is explained. It is expected that the developed experimental and computational techniques would significantly advance material design for synthesizing thermodynamically metastable materials.
Graphene‐Based Microwave Circuits: A Review
Authors: Saeed Mohamed , Palacios Paula , Wei Muh‐Dey , Baskent Eyyub , Fan Chun‐Yu , Uzlu Burkay , Wang Kun‐Ta , Hemmetter Andreas , Wang Zhenxing , Neumaier Daniel , Lemme Max C. , Negra Renato
Published: December 2021

Over the past two decades, research on 2D materials has received much interest. Graphene is the most promising candidate regarding high‐frequency applications thus far due to is high carrier mobility. Here, the research about the employment of graphene in micro‐ and millimeter‐wave circuits is reviewed. The review starts with the different methodologies to grow and transfer graphene, before discussing the way graphene‐based field‐effect‐transistors (GFETs) and diodes are built. A review on different approaches for realizing these devices is provided before discussing the employment of both GFETs and graphene diodes in different micro‐ and millimeter‐wave circuits, showing the possibilities but also the limitations of this 2D material for high‐frequency applications.
Plasmon–Exciton Coupling Effect on Plasmon Damping
Authors: Ye Lulu , Zhang Weidong , Hu Aiqin , Lin Hai , Tang Jinglin , Wang Yunkun , Pan Chenxinyu , Wang Pan , Guo Xin , Tong Limin , Gao Yunan , Gong Qihuang , Lu Guowei
Published: December 2021

Plasmon decay via the surface or interface is a critical process for practical energy conversion and plasmonic catalysis. However, the relationship between plasmon damping and the coupling between the plasmon and 2D materials is still unclear. The spectral splitting due to plasmon–exciton interaction impedes the conventional single‐particle method to evaluate the plasmon damping rate by spectral linewidth. The interaction between a single gold nanorod and 2D materials using the single‐particle spectroscopy technique assisted with in situ nanomanipulation is investigated. The approach allows to indisputably identify that the plasmon–exciton coupling would induce plasmon damping in the GNR–WSe2 hybrid. It is confirmed that the resonant energy transfer channel dominates the plasmon decay rather than the charge transfer channel in the GNR–graphene hybrid first. The contribution of the charge transfer channel by using thin hBN layers as an intermediate medium to block the charge transfer is excluded. It is also found that the contact layer between the GNR and 2D materials contributes most of the interfacial plasmon damping. These findings contribute to a deep understanding of interfacial excitonic effects on the plasmon and 2D materials hybrid.
Extending Drug Release from Implants via Transcutaneous Refilling with Solid Therapeutics
Authors: Di Trani Nicola , Pons‐Faudoa Fernanda P. , Sizovs Antons , Shelton Kathryn A. , Marzinke Mark A. , Nehete Pramod N. , Grattoni Alessandro
Published: December 2021

Long‐acting (LA) implantable drug delivery systems (IDDS) offer an effective approach for the management or prevention of chronic conditions by sustained parenteral therapeutic administration. LA IDDS can and improve adherence to treatment regimens by minimizing dosing frequency. However, their clinical deployment is challenged by factors such as, poor drug loading capacity, which limit their lifespan and require repeated surgical replacement for continued therapy. To address these challenges, and by leveraging previous work on nanofluidic systems, a reservoir‐based IDDS that enables transcutaneous refilling of solid drug formulations through minimally invasive needle injection is presented. With 1000‐fold higher drug loading efficiency, the implant affords minimal volume and aspect ratio suitable for discrete subcutaneous deployment. Key parameters for clinical acceptability, namely, implant safety, access port robustness, and refilling method are systematically evaluated. The implant and refilling procedure are studied in rats and nonhuman primates with therapeutics used clinically for type 2 diabetes and human immunodeficiency virus pre‐exposure prophylaxis. The ability to extend drug release and maintain equivalent pharmacokinetics profiles pre‐ and post‐drug refilling is demonstrated. This technology presents a clinically viable LA approach to prolong drug release for lifelong prevention or management of chronic conditions.
Polyarylether‐Based 2D Covalent‐Organic Frameworks with In‐Plane D–A Structures and Tunable Energy Levels for Energy Storage
Authors: Li Nana , Jiang Kaiyue , Rodríguez‐Hernández Fermín , Mao Haiyan , Han Sheng , Fu Xiaobin , Zhang Jichao , Yang Chongqing , Ke Changchun , Zhuang Xiaodong
Published: December 2021

The robust fully conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as a novel type of semi‐conductive COFs for optoelectronic and energy devices due to their controllable architectures and easily tunable the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels. However, the carrier mobility of such materials is still beyond requirements due to limited π‐conjugation. In this study, a series of new polyarylether‐based COFs are rationally synthesized via a direct reaction between hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (electron acceptor) and octahydroxyphthalocyanine (electron donor). These COFs have typical crystalline layered structures, narrow band gaps as low as ≈0.65 eV and ultra‐low resistance (1.31 × 10−6 S cm−1). Such COFs can be composed of two different metal‐sites and contribute improved carrier mobility via layer‐altered staking mode according to density functional theory calculation. Due to the narrow pore size of 1.4 nm and promising conductivity, such COFs and electrochemically exfoliated graphene based free‐standing films are fabricated for in‐plane micro‐supercapacitors, which demonstrate excellent volumetric capacitances (28.1 F cm−3) and excellent stability of 10 000 charge–discharge cycling in acidic electrolyte. This study provides a new approach toward dioxin‐linked COFs with donor‐acceptor structure and easily tunable energy levels for versatile energy storage and optoelectronic devices.
Simultaneous Morphology, Motility, and Fragmentation Analysis of Live Individual Sperm Cells for Male Fertility Evaluation
Authors: Ben-Yehuda Keren , Mirsky Simcha K. , Levi Mattan , Barnea Itay , Meshulach Inbal , Kontente Sapir , Benvaish Daniel , Cur-Cycowicz Rachel , Nygate Yoav N. , Shaked Natan T.
Published: December 2021

A new technique for sperm analysis is presented, measuring DNA fragmentation, morphology with virtual staining, and motility, all three criteria on the same individual unstained live cell. The method relies on quantitative stain‐free interferometric imaging, providing unique topographic structural and content maps of the cell, becoming available for the first time for clinical use, together with deep‐learning frameworks and least‐squares linear approximation. In the common clinical practice, only motility evaluation can be carried out on live human cells, while full morphological evaluation and DNA fragmentation assays require different staining protocols, and therefore cannot be performed on the same cell, resulting in inconsistencies in fertility evaluation. A clinic‐ready interferometric module is used to acquire dynamic sperm cells without chemical staining, together with deep learning to evaluate all three scores per cell with accuracy of 93.1%, 88%, and 90% for morphology, motility, and DNA fragmentation, respectively. It is shown that the expected number of cells that pass all three criteria based on the current evaluations performed separately does not correspond with the number of cells that pass all criteria, demonstrating the importance of the suggested method. The proposed stain‐free evaluation method is expected to decrease uncertainty in infertility diagnosis, increasing treatment success rates.
Programmable Droplet Transport Using Mechanically Adaptive Chemical Gradients with Anisotropic Microtopography
Authors: Mazaltarim Ali J. , Morin Stephen A.
Published: December 2021

The effect of anisotropic surface roughness on the spontaneous transport of droplets on chemical wettability gradients has not been investigated. Understanding the details of this process has the potential to unlock new fluid handling functionality critical to the development of next‐generation surfaces with intelligent control capabilities. Herein, the fabrication of chemical gradients with mechanically tunable anisotropic microtopography (microwrinkles with directional roughness) is described and the use of these surfaces in programable microdroplet transport is reported. In particular, the interplay between chemical gradient intensity, microwrinkle orientation, and droplet velocity/trajectory was investigated, enabling the rational synthesis of surface fluidic systems capable of mechanically programmable 2D droplet manipulations, vertical droplet transport, and droplet combination. These findings highlight the sophisticated capabilities of mechanically switchable droplet handling systems and demonstrate new avenues for designing intelligent materials with programable transport properties for potential use in surface/microfluidics, water harvesting, energy generation, bioanalysis, and microreactor design.
Pursuing Intelligent Behavior in Cyber−Physical Systems by Lightweight Diagnosis
Authors: Zimmermann Martin , Wotawa Franz , Pill Ingo
Published: December 2021

Intelligence in its decisions is a trait that people have grown to expect from a cyber−physical system, in particular that it makes the right choices at runtime, that is, those that allow it to fulfill its tasks, even in case of faults or unexpected interactions with its environment. Analyzing how to continuously achieve the currently desired (and possibly continuously changing) goals and adapting its behavior to reach these goals is undoubtedly a serious challenge. This becomes even more challenging if the atomic actions a system can implement become unreliable due to faulty components or some exogenous event out of its control. Herein, a solution for the presented challenge is proposed. In particular, it is shown how to adopt a lightweight diagnosis concept to cope with such situations. The approach is based on rules coupled with means for rule selection that is based on previous information regarding success or failure of rule executions. Furthermore, Java‐based framework of the lightweight diagnosis concept is presented, and the results obtained from an experimental evaluation considering several application scenarios are discussed. At the end, a qualitative comparison with other related approaches that should help the readers decide which approach works best for them is presented. An interactive preprint version of the article can be found here:https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.163578445.51350502.
Toward a cumulative science of vocal markers of autism: A cross‐linguistic meta‐analysis‐based investigation of acoustic markers in American and Danish autistic children
Authors: Fusaroli Riccardo , Grossman Ruth , Bilenberg Niels , Cantio Cathriona , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Weed Ethan
Published: December 2021

Acoustic atypicalities in speech production are argued to be potential markers of clinical features in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A recent meta‐analysis highlighted shortcomings in the field, in particular small sample sizes and study heterogeneity. We showcase a cumulative (i.e., explicitly building on previous studies both conceptually and statistically) yet self‐correcting (i.e., critically assessing the impact of cumulative statistical techniques) approach to prosody in ASD to overcome these issues. We relied on the recommendations contained in the meta‐analysis to build and analyze a cross‐linguistic corpus of multiple speech productions in 77 autistic and 72 neurotypical children and adolescents (>1000 recordings in Danish and US English). We used meta‐analytically informed and skeptical priors, with informed priors leading to more generalizable inference. We replicated findings of a minimal cross‐linguistically reliable distinctive acoustic profile for ASD (higher pitch and longer pauses) with moderate effect sizes. We identified novel reliable differences between the two groups for normalized amplitude quotient, maxima dispersion quotient, and creakiness. However, the differences were small, and there is likely no one acoustic profile characterizing all autistic individuals. We identified reliable relations of acoustic features with individual differences (age, gender), and clinical features (speech rate and ADOS sub‐scores). Besides cumulatively building our understanding of acoustic atypicalities in ASD, the study shows how to use systematic reviews and meta‐analyses to guide the design and analysis of follow‐up studies. We indicate future directions: larger and more diverse cross‐linguistic datasets, focus on heterogeneity, self‐critical cumulative approaches, and open science.

Lay Summary

Autistic individuals are reported to speak in distinctive ways. Distinctive vocal production can affect social interactions and social development and could represent a noninvasive way to support the assessment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We systematically checked whether acoustic atypicalities highlighted in previous articles could be actually found across multiple recordings and two languages. We find a minimal acoustic profile of ASD: higher pitch, longer pauses, increased hoarseness and creakiness of the voice. However, there is much individual variability (by age, sex, language, and clinical characteristics). This suggests that the search for one common “autistic voice” might be naive and more fine‐grained approaches are needed.
Simultaneous determination of pinoxaden, cloquintocet‐mexyl, clodinafop‐propargyl ester and its major metabolite in barley products and soil using QuEChERS modified with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes coupled with LC–MS/MS
Authors: Li Ning , Han Danhe , Ma Xuefeng , Qiu Cheng , Qin Yuchang , Yao Ting , Wang Shanshan , She Yongxin , Hacımüftüoğlu Fazil , Abd El‐Aty A. M.
Published: December 2021

Herein, a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method with multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as a dispersive solid‐phase extraction was developed for simultaneous determination of pinoxaden (PXD), cloquintocet‐mexyl (CLM), clodinafop‐propargyl ester (CPE) and its major metabolite (clodinafop, CP) in barley grass powder, barley grain, and soil using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). We found that MWCNT as an absorbent could improve the recoveries of the tested analytes, particularly CP, in complex matrices. Under the optimum conditions, the established MWCNT‐modified QuEChERS coupled with LC–MS/MS method exhibited excellent linearity (R2) of ≥0.9912, low limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) of 0.02–0.07 and 0.29–1.26 μg kg−1, and acceptable recoveries of 80–130% with intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations (RSDs) < 10.5%. No strong matrix effect (ME) has been observed on the respective samples. The method was successfully applied to monitor the tested analytes in the representative field incurred samples. Conclusively, the proposed method is sensitive and reliable and could be used to monitor the residues of PDX, CLM, CPE, and CP in complicated agro‐products and soil matrices.
Two New Prenylated Glycine Derivatives from the Marine‐Derived Fungus Fusarium sp. TW56‐10
Authors: Chen Xuexia , Wei Jihua , Tang Jinshan , Wu Bin
Published: December 2021

Two new prenylated glycine derivatives N‐({4‐[(3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)oxy]phenyl}acetyl)glycine (1) and methyl N‐({4‐[(3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)oxy]phenyl}acetyl)glycinate (2), along with nine known compounds (3‐11) were purified from the marine‐derived fungus Fusarium sp. TW56‐10. Their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic evidence, including extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HR‐ESI‐MS) data, infrared radiation (IR) and Ultraviolet spectra (UV). Compound 4 (8‐O‐methylfusarubin) exhibited cytotoxic activity with IC50 value of 11.45 μM for A549 cells.
Triple emergencies: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, venous thromboembolism, and huge free‐floating right heart thrombus successfully managed with anticoagulation
Authors: Umar Hayatu , Zagga Usman Muawiyya , Akintomide Femi Akindotun , Aminu Abdulaziz , Maiyaki Abubakar S. , Zulkifilu Umar , Umar Musa Tambuwal , Muhammad Kabiru Mande , Yusuf Adeshina Abdulateef , Bamaiyi Adamu Jibril
Published: December 2021

A 57‐year‐old man, with type 2 diabetes mellitus, was admitted with a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, who developed in‐hospital venous thromboembolism with huge free‐floating right heart thrombus, and there is no available optimal treatment option for the huge free‐floating right heart thrombus, except anticoagulation with warfarin and low molecular weight heparin with successful outcome.
A prognostic approach on a case of pediatric Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia with monosomy‐7
Authors: Skhoun Hanaa , Khattab Mohammed , Belkhayat Aziza , Takki Chebihi Zahra , Dakka Nadia , El Baghdadi Jamila
Published: December 2021

In this work, we present the first case of a Ph‐positive ALL Moroccan girl with t(9;22)(q34;q11) and monosomy‐7. She was diagnosed with Ph‐positive ALL based on bone marrow examination, immunophenotyping, and cytogenetic analysis. She relapsed after treatment with the persistence of the Ph chromosome and the appearance of a monosomy‐7.
COVID‐19 case of ventilator‐induced lung injury on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Physicians' clinical struggle and ethical conflict in a novel pandemic
Authors: Ishisaka Yoshiko , Nosaka Nobuyuki , Mishima Yuka , Masuda Takahiro , Nagashima Michio , Tanaka Yosuke , Yamamoto Kouhei , Yoshida Masayuki , Shigemitsu Hidenobu
Published: December 2021

Resource scarcity was concerned in the initial surge of the COVID‐19 pandemic. To open slots for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), we tried ECMO weaning allowing invasive ventilation in a 66‐year‐old male with severe COVID‐19, backfiring as ventilator‐induced lung injury. We will discuss ethical conflict in pandemics in this report.
Corpectomy and spinal stabilization using a 3D‐printed spine model and custom jigs to address severe spinal deformities from T9‐11 and L2‐4 in a 6‐month‐old German shepherd puppy
Authors: Musser Charlotte G. , Windsor Rebecca C. , Wininger Fred
Published: December 2021

This report describes surgical decompression and stabilization of 2 hemivertebrae in a German shepherd dog. Long‐term clinical and imaging outcomes are documented. Spinal cord decompression via corpectomy improved neurological function and intrinsic spinal cord changes on MRI. The dog improved to have minimal paraparesis and an active lifestyle.
Stercoral ulcer after Hirschsprung's disease surgery
Authors: Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Fukuta Atsuhisa , Yoshimaru Koichiro , Zhang Yumeng , Shimoda Ryo , Matsuo Muneaki
Published: December 2021

Constipation and stercoral ulcer are risk factors associated with Hirschsprung's disease (HD); long‐term follow‐up is, thus, essential. In postoperative HD associated with Down syndrome (DS) with intellectual disability, vigilant follow‐up is required to avoid severe constipation because DS predisposes the patients to constipation and caregivers cannot easily understand the symptoms.
Rare case of angiomyolipoma of the larynx
Authors: Nakamura Hiromu , Tada Yasuhiro , Ogawa Testuya , Nakaegawa Yuta , Murono Shigeyuki , Fujimoto Yasushi
Published: December 2021

We report a rare case of angiomyolipoma (AML) of the larynx. AML belongs to the family of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas). We review the literature on PEComas and describe differences in immunohistochemical findings between renal AML and AML in the head and neck region.
Nachhaltige Fassadensysteme – Beispiele aus Forschung und Praxis
Authors: Blandini Lucio , Peretti Giulia , Starz Florian
Published: December 2021

Glasfassaden spielen in der modernen Architektur eine zentrale Rolle. Sie öffnen den Blick nach außen und bringen Tageslicht nach innen. Diese Transparenz bringt aber auch verschiedene bauphysikalische und energetische Herausforderungen mit sich, denen man auf unterschiedliche Weise begegnen kann. Verschiedene Technologien können dabei helfen, klimaangepasste und ressourcenschonende Fassaden zu planen und zu bauen: Während der Planungsphase sind Simulationen und präzise Modellierungsstrategien ein wichtiges Werkzeug; eine dynamische Anpassungsfähigkeit der Fassade hinsichtlich ihrer Transparenz und ihrer bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften könnte in Zukunft einen weiteren wichtigen Schritt Richtung Ressourcen‐ und Energieeffizienz bedeuten. Der vorliegende Artikel präsentiert ausgewählte Forschungsansätze und einige aktuelle Projektbeispiele, die aufzeigen, wie nachhaltige Fassadensysteme in der Zukunft aussehen könnten.

Sustainable facades: case studies in research and praxis. Glass facades play an important role in modern architecture: they open the view to the outside and let natural light inside. Their transparency entails certain energetic challenges, which can be addressed in different ways. Technologies can support the design process, in order to build sustainable facades and optimize overall use of resources. Today simulation and modelling software are already a useful tool during the design phase; in the future adaptive facade systems could provide answers to the quest for more energy and resource efficiency. This paper presents recent research work as well as innovative case studies, which show a variety of answers to the demand for more sustainable facades.
Maximale Transparenz – Messeturm Frankfurt
Authors: Mrzigod Alexandra , Kleinstück Mirjam , Starz Florian , Bechmann Roland , Feirabend Steffen , Kloker Stefan , Eckardt Peter , Teich Martien
Published: December 2021

Der Messeturm in Frankfurt war zur Zeit seiner Errichtung 1991 das höchste Gebäude Europas. Fast 30 Jahre später findet seine Revitalisierung durch JAHN mit Werner Sobek als Tragwerks‐ und Fassadenplaner und mit seele als Fassadenbauer statt. Die vier großen Eingangsfassaden und die Innenverglasung der Kernwände verwandeln den vergrößerten Lobbybereich in ein modernes Bürogebäude. Jede der vier Fassaden besteht aus neun Isolierglas‐Einheiten mit einer Größe von bis zu 17 m × 2,8 m. Um eine perfekt gebogene Fassade zu erhalten, kommen Isoliergläser mit laminationsgebogenen Verbundgläsern zum Einsatz. Der bestehende, bislang achteckige Aufzugskern des Messeturms wird nun kreisförmig ausgebildet. Eine gebogene transluzente Verglasung auf einer Stahlunterkonstruktion bildet diese neue Form. Dieser mittig platzierte Glaszylinder wird hinterleuchtet und verleiht der neuen Lobby ein sehr elegantes Erscheinungsbild.

Maximum Transparency – Messeturm Frankfurt. The Messeturm (“Trade Fair Tower”) in Frankfurt/Main was adjusted to the requirements of a modern office building. The lobby area has been enlarged by a highly transparent facade consisting of oversized insulating glass (IG) units. The IG units are curved and have a size of up to 17 m × 2.8 m. To obtain a perfectly curved facade, the IG units were fabricated with laminated cold‐bended glass panes. Horizontally the IG units are supported by tapered stainless steel fins. The vertical facade with its glass roof allows for maximum transparency. In the context of the ongoing refurbishment the old octagon shaped elevator core of the Messeturm has been transformed into a circular shape. Curved translucent, laminated glass units with point fixings on a steel substructure make up this shape. This centrally located glass cylinder is illuminated from behind, giving the lobby a very elegant appearance.
Die Glasstrukturen der Aussichtsplattform „Edge“
Authors: Stein Michael , Casserly Eoin
Published: December 2021

Im neuen New Yorker Stadtviertel „Hudson Yards“ befindet sich die sogenannte „Edge”. Sie ist aktuell die höchste Outdoor‐Plattform auf der westlichen Erdhalbkugel. Der freie Blick auf die umliegende Stadt wird durch die Glasstruktur der Plattform ermöglicht. Ein 3 m hohes, geneigtes Glasgeländer umfasst die Plattform und ermöglicht einen Panoramablick. Das Geländer ist von einem steifen, galvanisierten Stahlfuß auskragend gelagert und für eine Windlast von 4,7 kPa ausgelegt, wobei der Bruch einer Glasschicht berücksichtigt wurde. Durch den teilweise verglasten Boden der Terrasse fällt der Blick 335 m hinab in die Straßenschluchten. Drei unabhängig gelagerte, aber miteinander verbundene Scheiben bilden das sogenannte „Hull Window“, ein großes Aussichtsfenster mit integriertem Glasboden innerhalb der Plattform.

The Glass Structures of the “Edge” Observation Platform. In the center of New York's newest neighborhood is “Edge”, the highest outdoor platform in the western hemisphere. The unobstructed view of the surrounding city is enabled by the glass structures of the platform. A 3 m high, inclined glass windscreen encloses the platform and allows a panoramic view. The windscreen is supported by a rigid, galvanized steel moment shoe and is designed for a wind load of 4.7 kPa and allows for the accidental breakage of an exterior layer. Pedestrians can look down 335 m from the terrace glass floor to the streets below. Three independently mounted but interconnected panes form the “Hull Window”, a large observation window with an integrated glass floor within the observation deck.