bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of Variable Speed Variable Pitch Wind Turbine at Above and Below Rated Wind Speed
Authors: Rajendran Saravanakumar , Jena Debashisha
Published: October 2014

The paper presents a nonlinear approach to wind turbine (WT) using two-mass model. The main aim of the controller in the WT is to maximize the energy output at varying wind speed. In this work, a combination of linear and nonlinear controllers is adapted to variable speed variable pitch wind turbines (VSVPWT) system. The major operating regions of the WT are below (region 2) and above rated (region 3) wind speed. In these regions, generator torque control (region 2) and pitch control (region 3) are used. The controllers in WT are tested for below and above rated wind speed for step and vertical wind speed profile. The performances of the controllers are analyzed with nonlinear FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence) WT dynamic simulation. In this paper, two nonlinear controllers, that is, sliding mode control (SMC) and integral sliding mode control (ISMC), have been applied for region 2, whereas for pitch control in region 3 conventional PI control is used. In ISMC, the sliding manifold makes use of an integral action to show effective qualities of control in terms of the control level reduction and sliding mode switching control minimization.
Water Wave Solutions of the Coupled System Zakharov-Kuznetsov and Generalized Coupled KdV Equations
Authors: Seadawy A. R. , El-Rashidy K.
Published: October 2014

An analytic study was conducted on coupled partial differential equations. We formally derived new solitary wave solutions of generalized coupled system of Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) and KdV equations by using modified extended tanh method. The traveling wave solutions for each generalized coupled system of ZK and KdV equations are shown in form of periodic, dark, and bright solitary wave solutions. The structures of the obtained solutions are distinct and stable.
Metastatic Carcinoma Occurring in a Gastric Hyperplastic Polyp Mimicking Primary Gastric Cancer: The First Reported Case
Authors: Groisman Gabriel M. , Depsames Roman , Ovadia Baruch , Meir Alona
Published: October 2014

Hyperplastic polyps of the stomach are regarded as benign. However, in rare cases they may contain incipient primary carcinomas. To our knowledge, breast carcinoma metastatic to a gastric hyperplastic polyp has not yet been reported. We describe the case of a 69-year-old woman to whom a gastric polyp was endoscopically excised. The patient had previously undergone a right mastectomy for mixed, invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma 5 years earlier. Histological sections from the gastric lesion showed typical features of hyperplastic polyp with foci of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma including signet ring cells infiltrating the lamina propria. The histologic findings were consistent with a primary gastric cancer. However, the carcinoma cells were immunopositive for estrogen and progesterone receptors and GATA3 and negative for CDX2, Hep Par 1, and MUC5AC. E-cadherin showed membranous reactivity in some of the carcinoma cells while in others it was negative. Accordingly, metastatic mixed, lobular and ductal breast carcinoma was diagnosed. We conclude that metastatic adenocarcinoma mimicking primary gastric cancer can be rarely encountered in hyperplastic gastric polyps.
Ivacaftor Therapy in CF Patients: Single Center Experience
Authors: Mondal Pritish , Loyson Amber , Lascano Jorge , Hegde Satyanarayan
Published: October 2014

Ivacaftor is the first novel cystic fibrosis pharmaceutical that acts at the molecular level to potentiate cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function and was first approved for clinical use in 2012. We are sharing our single center experience of five patients: four from pediatric age group and one adult patient. All patients had both subjective and objective improvements in their health. Despite established lung disease, our patients had significant improvement in both their FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and FEF25–75and BMI (body mass index). Larger studies demonstrated only 6.7% improvement in mean FEV1 after starting Ivacaftor therapy but their patient population had normal lung function to begin with. In contrast our case series demonstrates that, in patients with established lung disease and diminished lung function, Ivacaftor can be expected to result in much higher recovery in lung function. Mean FEV1 improved by 35% in our case series. Ivacaftor is extremely expensive, costing $300,000 per patient per year requiring lifelong therapy, hence requiring prior authorizations from most third-party payers in the USA. The knowledge shared from our experience will be useful for other clinicians to petition healthcare policymakers on behalf of their patients.
Colorectal Cancer Screening in First Nations People Living in Manitoba
Authors: Decker Kathleen M. , Demers Alain A. , Kliewer Erich V. , Musto Grace , Shu Emma , Biswanger Natalie , Elias Brenda , Griffith Jane , Turner Donna
Published: October 2014

Background: Because the burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) seems to be increasing in First Nations, it is important to better understand CRC screening utilization. The objective of this study was to describe CRC screening among First Nations living in Manitoba.

Methods: The Federal Indian Register was linked to two provincial databases. A negative binomial model was used to compare the probability of First Nations having a fecal occult blood test (FOBT), colonoscopy, or flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) with all other Manitobans.

Results: First Nations who lived in Winnipeg were significantly less likely to have had a FOBT in the previous 2 years than all other Manitobans who lived in Winnipeg [rate ratio (RR) = 0.40; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.37–0.44]. There was no difference in the likelihood of having a colonoscopy or FS for First Nations individuals who resided in northern Manitoba compared with all other Manitobans (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.91–1.19). However, First Nations who lived in the rural south or urban areas were less likely than all other Manitobans to have had a colonoscopy or FS (RR, 0.81, 95% CI, 0.75–0.87, rural south; RR, 0.86, 95% CI, 0.81–0.92, urban).

Conclusions: First Nations living in Winnipeg were significantly less likely to be screened for CRC using the FOBT. Colonoscopy and FS use depended on area of residence.

Impact: First Nations experience barriers that impede the use of CRC screening. Further research is needed to understand these barriers to extend the benefit of CRC screening to this population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 241–8. ©2014 AACR.
Zinc Finger Nucleases Targeting the Human Papillomavirus E7 Oncogene Induce E7 Disruption and a Transformed Phenotype in HPV16/18-Positive Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Ding Wencheng , Hu Zheng , Zhu Da , Jiang Xiaohui , Yu Lan , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Changlin , Wang Liming , Ji Teng , Li Kezhen , He Dan , Xia Xi , Liu Dan , Zhou Jianfeng , Ma Ding , Wang Hui
Published: October 2014

Purpose: Cervical cancer is mainly caused by infections of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). Persistent expression of HR-HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 is implicated in malignant transformation. The aim was to provide proof-of-concept data to support use of zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) targeting HPV E7 to treat HPV-related cervical cancer.

Experimental Design: We designed and constructed ZFNs that could specifically recognize and cleave HPV16/18 E7 DNA. We tested the cleavage efficiency of selected ZFN16-E7-S2 and ZFN18-E7-S2 by using single-strand annealing (SSA) assay. Cell viability and colony formation assays were used to estimate the inhibition of cell growth that received treatments of ZFNs. Gene disruption of HPV E7 and downstream genes were examined by Western blotting. Cell apoptosis assay was used to test the specificity and efficiency of induction of HPV type-specific apoptosis. We also introduced xenograft formation assays to estimate the potential of inhibition of HPV-related disease.

Results: We found ZFN16-E7-S2 and ZFN18-E7-S2 disrupted HPV E7 oncogenes in HPV16/18–positive cervical cancer cells. Both ZFNs effectively led to inhibition of type-specific cervical cancer cell growth, and specifically induced apoptosis of corresponding HPV16- and HPV18-positive cervical cancer cell lines. ZFN16-E7-S2 and ZFN18-E7-S2 also repressed xenograft formation in vivo.

Conclusion: ZFNs targeting HPV16/18 E7 could effectively induce disruption of E7 oncogenes and lead to type-specific and efficient growth inhibition and apoptosis of HPV-positive cells. ZFNs targeting HPV16/18 E7 oncogenes could be used as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of HPV-related cervical cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(24); 6495–503. ©2014 AACR.
First-in-Human Phase I Dose Escalation Study of a Second-Generation Non-Ansamycin HSP90 Inhibitor, AT13387, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Kwak Eunice , Dezube Bruce J. , Yule Murray , Ayrton John , Lyons John , Mahadevan Daruka
Published: October 2014

Purpose: AT13387 is a potent second-generation, fragment-derived HSP90 inhibitor. This phase I study investigated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles of two AT13387 regimens in a refractory solid tumor population.

Experimental Design: Standard 3+3 dose escalation was used. MTD and RP2D determinations were based on the occurrence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and overall toxicity, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters were measured after single and multiple doses. AT13387-mediated induction of HSP70 was evaluated in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and paired tumor biopsies.

Results: Sixty-two patients were treated with doses ranging from 10 to 120 mg/m2 twice weekly and 150 to 310 mg/m2 once weekly (both for 3 weeks every 28 days). One DLT of visual disturbance occurred at 120 mg/m2, which was considered the MTD and RP2D for the twice-weekly regimen. No formal DLTs occurred in the once-weekly regimen, but multiple moderately severe toxicities, including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and systemic infusion reactions, led to selection of 260 mg/m2 as the RP2D. Exposures of AT13387 increased proportionally with dose. Target engagement as measured by HSP70 induction occurred in plasma and tumor biopsy samples. One patient with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) who had progressive disease on imatinib had a partial response and remained on treatment for 10 months. Twenty-one patients (34%) had stable disease, which lasted >120 days in 7 patients.

Conclusion: AT13387 administered once or twice weekly has an acceptable safety profile and demonstrated evidence of target engagement and preliminary antitumor activity. Clin Cancer Res; 21(1); 87–97. ©2014 AACR.
Moving from Evaluation to Value in Cancer Care
Authors: Schilsky Richard L.
Published: October 2014

Defining clinically meaningful outcomes for clinical trials provides a foundation for assessing and improving the value of cancer care by conducting multidisciplinary research in clinical trial design, comparative effectiveness, patient preferences, health outcomes, and economics captured through analysis of data generated in clinical trials and real-world clinical practice. Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 947–9. ©2014 AACR.

See related article by Sobrero et al., p. 1036
Prevalence of Pathological Internet Use in a Representative German Sample of Adolescents: Results of a Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Wartberg Lutz , Kriston Levente , Kammerl Rudolf , Petersen Kay-Uwe , Thomasius Rainer
Published: October 2014

Background: Pathological internet use is of increasing significance in several industrial nations. Sampling and Methods: We surveyed a representative German quota sample of 1,723 adolescents (aged 14-17 years) and 1 caregiver each. We conducted a latent profile analysis to identify a high-risk group for pathological internet use. Results: Overall, 3.2% of the sample formed a profile group with pathological internet use. In contrast to other published studies, the results of the latent profile analysis were verified not only by self-assessments of the youth's but also by external ratings of the caregivers. In addition to the pathological internet use, the high-risk group showed lower levels of family functioning and life satisfaction as well as more problems in family interactions. Conclusions: The results showed a considerable prevalence of pathological internet use in adolescents and emphasized the need for preventive and therapeutic approaches.
Oral Active Vitamin D Treatment and Mortality in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Wu Shukun , Wang Junru , Wang Fang , Wang Li
Published: October 2014

Aims: To analyze the relationship between oral active vitamin D treatment and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods: We examined the association of oral calcitriol treatment with mortality in 156 MHD patients (80 men and 76 women; mean age: 59 w 15 years). The survival analysis of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was performed using the Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional-hazards analyses. Results: In all, 108 of the 156 patients received active vitamin D treatment. The intact parathyroid hormone level was obviously lower in the patients who received active vitamin D treatment than in those who did not. Throughout the whole follow-up, overall mortality was 16.7% (26 deaths, 13 in each group). The cardiovascular mortality rates were 14.6% (8/48) in the control group and 4.6% (5/108) in the calcitriol group. The crude analysis of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality using the Kaplan-Meier curve showed a significant reduction in mortality risk for patients who received oral active vitamin D compared with those who did not receive it (p = 0.015 and 0.026, respectively). Cox's regression analysis showed that active vitamin D treatment was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality (RR = 0.399, 95% CI 0.185-0.862, p = 0.019) and cardiovascular mortality (RR = 0.295, 95% CI 0.094-0.93, p = 0.037). However, after adjusting for potential confounding variables, oral active vitamin D therapy was no longer clearly associated with a lower risk of either all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Conclusion: Oral active vitamin D treatment was associated with improved survival in MHD patients. However, this survival benefit was smaller than previously reported, and a large cohort study should be performed. i 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Revascularization Decisions in Patients With Stable Angina and Intermediate Lesions
Authors: Toth Gabor G. , Toth Balint , Johnson Nils P. , De Vroey Frederic , Di Serafino Luigi , Pyxaras Stylianos , Rusinaru Dan , Di Gioia Giuseppe , Pellicano Mariano , Barbato Emanuele , Van Mieghem Carlos , Heyndrickx Guy R. , De Bruyne Bernard , Wijns William
Published: October 2014

Background—

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement of intermediate coronary stenoses is recommended by guidelines when demonstration of ischemia by noninvasive testing is unavailable. The study aims to evaluate the penetration of this recommendation into current thinking about revascularization strategies for stable coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results—

International Survey on Interventional Strategy was conducted via a web-based platform. First, participants’ experiences in interventional cardiology were queried. Second, 5 complete angiograms were provided, presenting only focal intermediate stenoses. FFR and quantitative coronary angiography values were known; however, remained undisclosed. Determination of stenosis significance was asked for each lesion. In cases of uncertainty, the most appropriate adjunctive invasive diagnostic method among quantitative coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, or FFR needed to be selected. International Survey on Interventional Strategy was taken by 495 participants who provided 4421 lesion evaluations. In 3158 (71%) decisions, participants relied solely on angiographic appearance that was discordant in 47% with the known FFR, using 0.80 as cutoff value. The use of FFR and imaging modalities was requested in 21% and 8%, respectively. Comparing 4 groups of participants according to the experience in FFR, angiogram-based decisions were less frequent with increasing experience (77% versus 72% versus 69% versus 67%, respectively;
P
<0.001). As a result, requests for FFR were more frequent (14% versus 19% versus 24% versus 28%, respectively;
P
<0.001) and rates of discordant decisions decreased (51% versus 49% versus 47% versus 43%, respectively;
P
<0.022).

Conclusions—

The findings confirm that, even when all potential external constraints are virtually eliminated, visual estimation continues to dominate the treatment decisions for intermediate stenoses, indicative of a worrisome disconnect between recommendations and current practice.
Review of the genus Eotilla Schuster, 1949 (Hymenoptera: Bradynobaenidae: Typhoctinae: Eotillini) and description of new species from Argentina
Authors: TORRÉNS JAVIER , FIDALGO PATRICIO , ROIG-ALSINA ARTURO , BROTHERS DENIS J.
Published: October 2014

Diagnoses for the genus Eotilla Schuster, 1949 based on males and females, new generic and specific characters, descriptions of two new Argentinian species (Eotilla schusteri Torréns, Fidalgo, Roig-Alsina & Brothers, sp. nov. and E. medanito Torréns, Fidalgo, Roig-Alsina & Brothers, sp. nov., based on both sexes), a description of the female of E. superba Brothers, 1974 and redescriptions of the males of E. mickeli Schuster, 1949 and E. superba are provided. A key to the species of Eotilla is presented.
A new phasmid gecko (Squamata: Diplodactylidae: Strophurus) from the Arnhem Plateau: more new diversity in rare vertebrates from northern Australia
Authors: OLIVER PAUL M. , PARKIN TOM
Published: October 2014

The Arnhem Plateau is a rugged expanse of sandstone escarpment in the Australian Monsoonal Tropics with a highly endemic biota. Here we describe a new species of small spinifex dwelling Strophurus (phasmid gecko) that also appears to be endemic to this region. Strophurus horneri sp. nov. can be diagnosed from all congeners by aspects of size, coloration and scalation. Even with the description of this new species, however, levels of morphological and genetic diversity within Strophurus from the stone country of the Northern Territory suggest additional divergent lineages are present. A number of recent studies have now provided preliminary evidence of evolutionary diversity within the Arnhem Plateau, but data remains scant and almost nothing is known about how topography and historical processes have shaped the endemic biota of this region.
Key to species of the leafhopper genus Membranacea Qin & Zhang (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Empoascini), with a new species from China
Authors: YU XIAOFEI , YANG MAOFA
Published: October 2014

A new species Membranacea distincta sp. nov. is described and illustrated from China. A key, based on the male genitalia, is given to separate all six species of the genus. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (GUGC).
Caring for a Man Who Sexually Abused Children
Authors: Young-Hauser Amanda M. , Hodgetts Darrin , Coleborne Catharine
Published: October 2014

Child sex abuse is a serious health concern, involving considerable pain, suffering, and hurt for victims and their families, as well as generating public interest and scrutiny. Such abuse damages, weakens, but perhaps surprisingly does not necessarily sever all family ties. In this article, people from familial networks within which child sexual abuse has occurred recount their experiences of extending compassion and support to a man who has sexually abused children. Crucially, the supporters acknowledge the gravity of child sex abuse and their stories emphasize the need to ensure the safety of the victims of abuse and other children. Our participants attempt to balance the needs of the victims with a continued commitment to supporting offenders so that they are less likely to reoffend. We document how in maintaining ties with an offender, supporters in fact take on elements of an offender’s stigma, and also become tainted. Support narratives offer insights into how society might develop more holistic understandings of the consequences of child sex abuse and ultimately help us understand offenders and the efforts of those around them to provide integrated rehabilitation and to minimize the risk of reoffending.
Silvering of three-dimensional polyethylene terephthalate textile material by means of wet-chemical processes
Authors: Onggar Toty , Abu Shayed Mohammad , Hund Rolf-Dieter , Cherif Chokri
Published: October 2014

The aim of this research is to develop a wet-chemical silvering method for a three-dimensional (3D) textile material made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to prevent and eliminate biological contaminants in drinking water and other liquid-containing systems. Three-dimensional textile fabrics are particularly well-suited as silvered disinfection materials in water systems, because they have 3D structures, pressure-elastic textile design, and provide large contact areas. Furthermore, water can easily be passed through the structure. The developed wet-chemical procedures are based on aminosilane, which consists of at least two amine groups and is well-suited to form a silver diamine complex. The silvered textile material was coated with cationic silver. After the chemical reduction, the cationic silver turns into metallic silver on the surface of PET spacer fabrics.

The surface morphology of silver-coated spacer fabrics was analyzed and the uniform silver layer on the PET fiber surface was found. X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis spectrums showed that the silver was immobilized on the PET fiber surface. The layer thickness and the silver amount were also determined. The silvered spacer fabrics can be used in sealing and/or cooling water systems; therefore, the silver ion release in water was analyzed. Furthermore, textile physical tests for the measurement of breaking force and elongation were carried out. No significant change in breaking force and elongation was observed after silvering of PET spacer fabric.
The fraught ‘menage à trois’ of public actors, private players and inhabitants: Problems of participation in French urban development projects
Authors: Gardesse Camille
Published: October 2014

This paper aims to analyse the possibilities for deploying participative arrangements in French urban projects by focusing on the potential for a shift towards a ‘negotiated project’-type model. Taking the ‘ concertation process’ deployed as part of the City of Paris’ plan to redevelop the Les Halles district between 2002 and 2010, the article sheds light on the two regulatory systems existing side by side, namely, urban project development and consultation. The article discusses a number of explanatory factors: structural aspects linked to how French public bodies are organised, the positions of actors vis-à-vis urban development practices and how these are represented, which is related to the prevalence of a model based on a process of dual delegation of power and know-how. Finally, the paper will demonstrate the key importance of a private partner in the whole decision-making process via ‘institutional consultation’ to the detriment of ‘citizen concertation’. Setting up participative arrangements does not substantially modify planning processes or decision-making systems for French urban development projects. Indeed, changes apparently at work in urban production governance processes raise questions concerning the possibility of incorporating inhabitant participation into public–private partnerships that may minimise public actors’ room for manoeuvre in terms of any dialogue with local residents. With regard to urban design research, this problem suggests a need to rethink the whole urban planning system and to look at all aspects of urban planning organisation, including the interaction between the public, civil society and private actors.
A case of huge solitary fibrous tumor with hypoglycemia
Authors: Alimi Faouzi , Kortas Chokri , Chaouch Nazih , Chemchik Haythem , Limayem Faouzi
Published: October 2014

We report the case of a 64-year-old man with a huge solitary fibrous pleural tumor who presented with breathlessness and recurrent severe symptomatic hypoglycemia. The tumor was safely removed in toto via a median sternotomy. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery and no recurrent hypoglycemia.
The effect of syntactic complexity on fluency: Comparing actives and passives in L1 and L2 speech
Authors: Sadri Mirdamadi Farhad , De Jong Nivja H.
Published: October 2014

This study investigates how syntactic complexity affects speaking performance in first (L1) and second language (L2) in terms of speaking fluency. Participants (30 Dutch native speakers with an average to advanced level of English) performed two speaking experiments, one in Dutch (L1) and one in English (L2). Syntactic complexity was operationalized by eliciting active and passive sentences in an experimental setting. By comparing the effect of syntactic complexity on different measures of fluency, the results are telling of underlying cognitive processes in on-line speech production. We found that syntactic complexity indeed elicits hesitations, both in the L1 and in the L2. Because producing a rather simple utterance such as an active sentence may already lead to processing difficulty in the L2, the effect of syntactic complexity was found to be larger for L1 speech. Finally, articulation rate was not affected by syntactic complexity, neither in the L1 nor in the L2.
Challenges and Successes of a Multidisciplinary Pediatric Obesity Treatment Program
Authors: Walsh Stephanie M. , Palmer Wendy , Welsh Jean A. , Vos Miriam B.
Published: October 2014

Background: Despite the well‐documented need for multidisciplinary pediatric obesity treatment programs, few programs exist and best practices are not clearly defined. We describe the design and initial quality‐related outcomes of the Strong4Life multidisciplinary pediatric obesity treatment program along with some challenges and solutions implemented over the first 2 years. The purpose of this report is to inform others interested in designing similar programs. Program Description: The Strong4Life Clinic obesity program was designed to provide children with the medical care, as well as the behavior change guidance and support needed to reverse their obesity and/or minimize the related health risks. This low‐intensity program is designed to provide approximately 6 hours of care over 12 months from a medical provider, psychologist, registered dietitian nutritionist, exercise physiologist, and nurse. Results: Between August 2011 and February 2014, the Strong4Life clinic served 781 high‐risk (mean sex‐ and age‐adjusted body mass index [BMI] percentile 98.8) and racially/ethnically diverse (45% non‐Hispanic black and 24% Hispanic) patients. Of the 781 patients seen, 66% returned for at least 1 visit. Nearly all returning Strong4Life patients stabilized or improved their BMI (90% of those who participated <6 months, 97% of those who participated 6 to <12 months, and 92% of those who participated ≥12 months). Conclusions: This report describes a low‐intensity multidisciplinary weight management program that is feasible. Initial assessment of the program suggests benefit in most patients who participate >6 months, but longer follow‐up and assessment of comorbidities are needed.
Integrated guidance and control based on block backstepping sliding mode and dynamic control allocation
Authors: Guo Chao , Liang Xiao-Geng
Published: October 2014

A novel integrated guidance and control (IGC) design method based on the block backstepping sliding mode and extended state observer is proposed for the near space interceptor (NSI) with aerodynamic fins and reaction jets. Initially, the IGC model is employed by combining the interceptor-target relative motion model with the nonlinear dynamic of the NSI. Subsequently, the ESO is constructed to estimate the target acceleration and autopilot loop disturbance. Based on the estimated value and block backstepping sliding mode method, the IGC algorithm is given to obtain the virtual control moment. The stability of the closed-loop IGC system is also proven based on the Lyapunov theory. Moreover, a new dynamic control allocation algorithm is proposed to distribute the previously virtual control moment among the redundant actuators, while the actuator saturation and rate constraints are also taken into account. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed IGC algorithm can not only obtain a small miss distance, but also ensure the stability of the NSI dynamic.
Control system design for hypersonic reentry vehicle driven by aerosurfaces and reaction control system
Authors: Cai Gaohua , Song Jianmei , Chen Xianxiang
Published: October 2014

The paper addresses the command-tracking-control-system (CTCS) design problem for plants involving continuous and discrete control input simultaneously. A novel approach based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is proposed and demonstrated to the angle-of-attack (AOA) CTCS of hypersonic reentry vehicle (HRV) driven by a hybrid actuator composed of aerosurfaces and reaction control system (RCS). Firstly, the longitudinal nonlinear dynamics model of HRV and the mathematical model of RCS are established, and then the model of the hybrid actuator is described. Secondly, a general command tracking problem is converted to a regulation problem by constructing a deviation system. And the characteristics of the hybrid actuator is considered and modeled definitely based on some modified sector conditions. Then, the CTCS with hybrid actuator is designed by solving a LMIs-based convex optimization problem. Furthermore, the stability performance of the closed-loop CTCS is evaluated and the formulation of the domain of attraction is derived. And the relationship between the size of stability domain and the magnitude of reference command is also discussed. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to the AOA-CTCS of HRV driven by aerosurfaces and RCS, and different sizes and locations of the stability regions are illustrated with different magnitudes of AOA reference command. Validation simulations are carried out by using the longitudinal nonlinear dynamics models of HRV. The research results demonstrate that the proposed LMIs-based approach is well suited for the AOA-CTCS design for HRV driven by aerosurfaces and RCS.
Deconstruction reassigned? ‘The child’, antipsychology and the fate of the empirical
Authors: Bradley Benjamin S
Published: October 2014

I approach the achievements of Burman’s Deconstructing Developmental Psychology (DDP) by contrasting them with: (a) the (non-)‘deconstructive’ work of Foucault; and (b) Burman’s other critical writings. Questions are thus raised about DDP’s stance to antidevelopmentalism, antipsychology, deconstruction and the cultural specificity of critique, thereby accentuating the significance of DDP’s commitment to feminism. Following consideration of DDP’s status as commodity and textbook, I vex the issue of ‘evidence’ for the central claim in DDP, that developmental psychology (negatively) affects the lives of women and children. I conclude that DDP’s key antipsychological contribution is best conceived as having constructed an Other of critique that is far more imposing than the academic sub-discipline of ‘developmental psychology’ that it ostensibly addresses. In this way, developmental psychology becomes just one part of the (sub)culture(s) that sustain it: hence the futility of setting up developmental psychology as the ‘cause’ of deleterious ‘effects’ in the surrounding culture. Beyond this, the second edition of DDP hints at a new role for empirical research when discussing psychologists who work to advocate the rights of children, women and the oppressed. I argue that such political aims are best realised when research with children is framed as an ethical, not an epistemological, practice.
Surface pollen deposition on glacier forelands in southern Norway II: Spatial patterns across the Jotunheimen–Jostedalsbreen region
Authors: Pardoe Heather S
Published: October 2014

This paper presents the results of a study of surface pollen deposition on 26 glacier forelands in the Jostedalsbreen–Jotunheimen region of southern Norway. Numerical techniques, including two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), are used to identify distinct plant assemblages, to examine the pollen–vegetation relationship and to distinguish broad trends in the data. The source of pollen is fundamental; the majority of samples, especially those from sparsely vegetated sites, are dominated by arboreal pollen (up to 90% of the total land pollen (TLP) sum), most with a long-distance source. However, indicator taxa, notably Salix and Empetrum, although present at low frequencies, can hold the key to the true nature of the local vegetation. Indicator taxa produce strong correlations between their presence in the vegetation and representation in the pollen spectra, at times essential to distinguish plant communities. Multivariate analysis of the 197 surface pollen samples and vegetation data indicates the broad division of the sub-alpine and alpine vegetation into four major groups: pioneer communities, snowbed communities, heath communities and woodland. The primary DCA ordination axes show significant correlations with altitude and terrain age (e.g. correlation r = 0.36 between altitude and non-arboreal pollen (NAP) Axis-1). The most readily interpretable results are produced by CCA simultaneous ordination of vegetation data and NAP data. The potential for improving the interpretation of Holocene vegetation is assessed.
Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Schmidt Caroline A , McDermott Constance L
Published: October 2014

This article investigates how land users perceive laws restricting deforestation and forest degradation, notably Brazil’s National Forest Code, and how legal meaning emerges as place specific to influence their legal compliance. Interviews were held with land users in Acre state, a municipality with high rates of deforestation located in the forest frontier of the Brazilian Amazon. Critical legal geography was applied as a theoretical framework to investigate the ways in which legal meaning emerges in and through that social context. This research finds that non-compliance is associated with pervasive conditions of social stress combined with lived experiences of contradictory legal processes, including shifting legal discourses and inconsistent local law enforcement. In such social contexts, local legal meaning associates forest conservation laws with socio-economic and legal inequality and the reinforcement of structures of social exclusion.
The axisymmetric contact problem of a coating/substrate system with a graded interfacial layer under a rigid spherical punch
Authors: Liu Tie-Jun , Xing Yong-Ming , Wang Yue-Sheng
Published: October 2014

This paper deals with the contact problem for a coating-graded layer-substrate structure subjected to a rigid spherical punch on its surface. The coating and substrate are homogeneous materials with the different shear modulus. It is assumed that the shear modulus of the graded interfacial layer varies as exponential function along the thickness direction. The contact problem of a coating-graded layer-substrate structure is reduced to a singular integral equation with the method of Hankel integral transform. The stress components in the coating-graded layer-substrate structure are calculated by solving the equation numerically. The results show that the stiffness ratio has a significant effect on the stress components.
Section 63 Mental Health Act 1983 and the overdosing patient
Authors: Keene Alex Ruck , Burnell Helen
Published: October 2014

Patients who overdose but resist treatment raise difficult ethical and legal issues for clinicians. It can be tempting to consider detention under the Mental Health Act 1983 and administration of treatment under section 63 Mental Health Act 1983. But how far can clinicians go? Three recent cases have helped illustrate the approach to forced life-saving treatment; this article suggests questions that clinicians should ask themselves in light of them.
How hospitalized children and parents perceive nurses and hospital amenities
Authors: Marcinowicz Ludmiła , Abramowicz Paweł , Zarzycka Danuta , Abramowicz Magdalena , Konstantynowicz Jerzy
Published: October 2014

A qualitative descriptive design using an interview guide approach was adopted to investigate the patient-nurse relationship and paediatric ward amenities from the perspective of parents and hospitalised children in Poland. The study included 26 parents or caregivers of hospitalised children (between 13 months and 15 years old) and 22 children (from 10 to 16 years old). Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the recorded verbal data. Data from patients’ transcripts were coded and classified in terms of topics on the patient-nurse relationship and hospital care. We identified five main topics. 1. Nurse qualities; 2. Nurse verbal behaviour; 3. Nurse tone of voice and non-verbal behaviour; 4. Hospital amenities; 5. Parents’ expectations towards nurses. Our study contributes to increased understanding of parents’ and children’s experiences of paediatric hospital care.
‘What’s in it for me?’: Negotiations of asymmetries, concerns and interests between the researcher and research subjects
Authors: Chege Njeri
Published: October 2014

Pre-interview interactions between qualitative researchers and research subjects are characterized by two-way sense-making processes, through which research subjects attempt to make sense of researchers’ intentions, and what they themselves stand to gain or lose from participating in a given research. Based on a reflexive account of my ethnographic fieldwork experiences in Kenya’s South Coast region, among men known as ‘beach boys’ and as participants of ‘female sex tourism’, I illustrate how the concerns and interests of my target interviewees were generated and negotiated during the pre-interview phase. I do so by analysing our pre-interview interactions, drawing links between my assigned identities, asymmetries between us and the concerns and interests that were generated, as the men considered their participation or non-participation in the research.
Tribological effect of piston ring pack on the crankshaft torsional vibration of diesel engine
Authors: Li Wanyou , Guo Yibin , Lu Xiqun , Ma Xuan , He Tao , Zou Dequan
Published: October 2014

In this article, a mixed lubrication model considering the oil supply quantity and a friction model under dry running condition were developed, in which an elasto-plastic contact model was employed in calculation of asperity contact forces and friction forces instead of the assumption of pure elastic contact. This model was verified to be suitable for calculating the friction forces of piston ring under different conditions on a reciprocating wear tester. The friction forces of piston ring pack were considered as an excitation source to calculate the crankshaft torsional vibration besides the exciting torques of gas pressure in the combustion chamber and inertia forces of reciprocation components. Furthermore, an experiment on a refitted single-cylinder air compressor was conducted to validate the change rule of torsional amplitudes under normal and scuffing failure conditions. The results showed that the friction forces between piston rings and cylinder liner in the mid-strokes under starved lubrication and dry running conditions increase obviously compared with those under fully flooded lubrication condition. It is reasonable to ignore the exciting torques due to friction forces of piston ring pack for calculating crankshaft torsional vibration under normal condition, and the torsional amplitudes at 2.0 order frequency increase obviously under slight and serious scuffing failure conditions. The result of experiment on a refitted single-cylinder air compressor also agrees with the above conclusion about torsional vibration. So, the change in torsional amplitude at 2.0 order frequency can be used as a referenced rule to identify scuffing failure for diesel engine through analyzing the signals of torsional vibration.
A multiaxial warp knitting based yarn path manipulation technology for the production of bionic-inspired multifunctional textile reinforcements in lightweight composites
Authors: Sankaran Vignaesh , Ruder Tristan , Rittner Steffen , Hufnagl Evelin , Cherif Chokri
Published: October 2014

Composites have now revolutionized most industries, like aerospace, marine, electrical, transportation, and have proved to be a worthy alternative to other traditional materials. However for a further comprehensive usage, the tailorability of hybrid composites according to the specific application needs on a large-scale production basis is required. In this regard, one of the major fundamental research fields here involves a technology development based on the multiaxial warp-knitting technique for the production of bionic-inspired and application-specific textile preforms that are force compliant and exhibit multi-material design. This article presents a newly developed yarn (warp) path manipulation unit for multiaxial warp-knitting machines that enables a targeted production of customized textile preforms with the above characteristics. The technological development cycle and their experimental validation to demonstrate the feasibility of new technology through production of some patterns for different field of applications are then discussed.
Internal audit
Authors: Christopher Joe
Published: October 2014

This study seeks to confirm if internal audit, a corporate control process, is functioning effectively in Australian public universities. The study draws on agency theory, published literature and best-practice guidelines to develop an internal audit evaluation framework. A survey instrument is thereafter developed from the framework and used as a basis to examine if internal audit is structured to enhance governance in the Australian public university sector. The results show that a majority of university internal audit functions are operating under flexible structural and functional arrangements to achieve internal audit’s theoretical role of enhancing governance. A minority of functions did not comply with best-practice guidelines for achieving internal auditing’s theoretical role. The flexible arrangements further do not guarantee internal audit functions currently complying with best-practice guidelines will continue to do so. Contributing factors to non-compliance and flexible operating arrangements include the non-availability of mandatory requirements for compliance by the profession or government legislation. The study provides avenues for further research to confirm the findings with other stakeholders.
3D creep cavitation characteristics and residual life assessment in high temperature steels: A critical review
Authors: Gupta C. , Toda H. , Mayr P. , Sommitsch C.
Published: October 2014

The need for a new paradigm to estimate remaining creep life of service exposed steels is critically assessed. New approaches to residual life assessment are proposed, in the light of a decade's experience of the use of micro-tomography to characterise the three-dimensional (3D) nature of cavitation damage in structural materials. Imaging of conventional structural materials such as steels with high absorption to X-rays has been realised by synchrotron micro-tomography (SR-μCT), providing new insights into phenomena such as creep failure. The unique feature of SR-μCT studies is the direct imaging in 3D of cavities (hundreds of micrometres in size) present in the bulk, revealing the spatial characteristics and morphology of the creep voids. Quantitative analyses of the cavitation characteristics revealed by 3D datasets, when scaled with respect to time, stress and temperature, provide functional information suitable for developing constitutive equations for creep. The application of SR-μCT, a non-destructive technique providing high fidelity data, significantly reduces the ambiguity in developing functional relationships to predict creep failure. The explicit use of such constitutive equations to estimate the residual life of components in creep, and the consequent assessment of structural integrity, would prove invaluable. Micro-tomography studies related to creep in materials are reviewed, with special emphasis on a 10·86%Cr heat resistant steel, to demonstrate the type of data available for life assessment and design against creep failure. A brief discussion of current methods to estimate residual life in the light of recent 3D micro-tomography data follows. Finally, the possibility of new approaches, using micro-tomography data in conjunction with destructive 3D approaches such as serial sectioning, to formulate advanced residual life estimates, is briefly considered.
Podoplanin requires sialylated O-glycans for stable expression on lymphatic endothelial cells and for interaction with platelets
Authors: Pan Yanfang , Yago Tadayuki , Fu Jianxin , Herzog Brett , McDaniel J. Michael , Mehta-D’Souza Padmaja , Cai Xiaofeng , Ruan Changgeng , McEver Rodger P. , West Christopher , Dai Kesheng , Chen Hong , Xia Lijun
Published: October 2014

Key Points

Sialylated O-glycans protects PDPN from proteolytic degradation. Sialylated core 1 O-glycans of PDPN on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are required for interacting with platelets.
Between Shocks and Finance: Pacification and the Integration of the Favela into the City in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Mendes Alexandre F.
Published: October 2014

This article analyzes the strategies of “integrating” the favelas into the city in Rio de Janeiro through state enforcement and an expansion of financial measures. In a new arrangement of the public-private dichotomy, Pacifying Police Units (Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora; UPPs) and the “shock of administrative order” (Choque de Ordem) policy have been joined with new financial mechanisms to ensure the governance of favela territories. This essay argues, however, that the large protests that started in Brazil in June 2013 compose a terrain of contestation and alternatives based on the constitution of the common.
TGF-α ligands can substitute for the neuregulin Vein inDrosophiladevelopment
Authors: Austin Christina L. , Manivannan Sathiya N. , Simcox Amanda
Published: October 2014

ErbB receptors, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr), are activated by EGF ligands to govern cell proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. The different EGF-induced cell responses in development are regulated by deployment of multiple ligands. These inputs, however, engage only a limited number of intracellular pathways and are thought to elicit specific responses by regulating the amplitude or duration of the intracellular signal. The single Drosophila Egfr has four ligands: three of the TGF-α-type and a single neuregulin-like called vein (vn). Here, we used mutant combinations and gene replacement to determine the constraints of ligand specificity in development. Mutant analysis revealed extensive ligand redundancy in embryogenesis and wing development. Surprisingly, we found that the essential role of vn in development could be largely replaced by expression of any TGF-α ligand, including spitz (spi), in the endogenous vn pattern. vn mutants die as white undifferentiated pupae, but the rescued individuals showed global differentiation of adult body parts. Spi is more potent than Vn, and the best morphological rescue occurred when Spi expression was reduced to achieve an intracellular signaling level comparable to that produced by Vn. Our results show that the developmental repertoire of a strong ligand like Spi is flexible and at the appropriate level can emulate the activity of a weak ligand like Vn. These findings align with a model whereby cells respond similarly to an equivalent quantitative level of an intracellular signal generated by two distinct ligands regardless of ligand identity.