bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local Political Units and Sovereignty in the Perspective of Carl Schmitt’s Political Philosophy
Authors: Kerestes Tomaz
Published: April 2014

To Schmitt, a parliamentary system is a direct product of the liberal rule of law, which is by itself an attempt of bourgeoisie to protect itself from the state, and as such an anti-political form. As the whole liberal position of bourgeoisie, the parliamentarism is inconsistent in its position towards political matters. The second problem of parliamentarism is that it historically represents a tool of bourgeoisie to integrate in the monarchic state and achieve political unity. The historical antagonism between the bourgeoisie and proletariat does not seem to be solved even in a present day state, being it particularly true for the post-communist states, but also the rest of the world, as clearly demonstrated by the latest economic crisis. The liberal ties of parliamentarism with representative democracy based on individual secret ballot only contribute to the problem. These notions are for Schmitt closely connected to the concept of sovereignty. A sovereign is the one who decides about the state of exception within the legal order. This power is not only a legal but also a factual question. Every political subject aspiring to gain independence should note this fact in order to be able to claim the sovereign power.
Did Tax Reform (Thin Capitalization Rule) from 2005 in Slovenia Achieve its Aim?
Authors: Jovanović Tatjana
Published: April 2014

The thin capitalisation rule is the specific anti-avoidance rule which aims to protect national tax revenues from excessive debt financing of corporations. The literature indicates the effectiveness of thin capitalisation rules in limiting internal borrowing. Following in the footsteps of many countries, Slovenia introduced 'thin cap' rules via a tax reform in 2005. The paper focuses on testing whether the introduction of the rule in 2005 has affected the level of internal borrowing in enterprises which are 25% or more owned by foreign entities from the EU and, consequently, whether it has achieved its aim.
Principles of capitalistic commodity production reconsidered
Authors: Reich Jens
Published: April 2014

Helmedag (2012) derives effects on employment caused by changes in (a) uncompensated wage hours, (b) output, (c) productivity, and (d) a combination of the latter two. His results are derived from a linear two-sector model. His closure of the model is based on the determination of the profit rate via aggregate production. This closure bears some flexibility. Changes in the profit rate require changes in the composition of output, but the level of total production cannot be derived uniquely thereof. It will be shown, therefore, that results (a), (c) and (d) depend on a specific assumption. Without it, different adjustment paths are possible. The model is then either limited to economies of certain institutional characteristics, or a plea for certain institutional elements, such as social insurance systems.
The sources of aggregate profitability: Marx's theory of surplus value revisited
Authors: Flaschel Peter , Fröhlich Nils , Veneziani Roberto
Published: April 2014

This paper provides an empirical analysis of Marx's theory of exploitation built on the standard interpretation of the value of labour power. The relationship between the aggregate value rate of profit and the aggregate price rate of profit is studied and it is shown that the two rates coincide up to negligible deviations by using flow as well as stock matrix data for the German economy (1991–2000). This suggests that the main determinants of the value rate – namely absolute and relative surplus value, as well as technical progress affecting the value of the aggregate capital stock – may help to understand the dynamics of the aggregate market rate of profit.
Neoclassical economics: science or neoliberal ideology?
Authors: Slattery David , Nellis Joseph , Josifidis Kosta , Losonc Alpar
Published: April 2014

This paper calls for a new approach to economic theorising in the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2007–2008. We examine two key theories which suggest that markets are stable self-correcting efficient systems. These theories, namely General Equilibrium Theory and the Efficient Markets Hypothesis, are at the heart of neoclassical economics and give neoliberal ideology much of its intellectual legitimacy. We demonstrate the flaws in these theories and the misleading prescriptions they provide for public policy. We suggest that these theories have survived, despite their inherent weaknesses, not as objective science but as ideology, and specifically allied to neoliberal ideology. We advocate a fundamental change of approach.
Institutions as context-sensitive control superstructures for firms
Authors: Goorha Prateek
Published: April 2014

This paper addresses the lack of context-sensitivity in institutional analysis by introducing control process theory. It suggests that institutions can be seen as control process superstructures that provide a specific environment within which control action is undertaken for a principal–agent relationship. This view is not meant to be a sensationalist departure in opinion from the analysis of institutions or on the nature of the firm but, rather, a simple manner to understand the connections and relevance contained therein within an overarching and intuitive framework that emphasizes contextual sensitivity. The paper also suggests how this approach informs the nature and type of control action available to a principal within an instantiated institution and, further, how it allows the consideration of soft knowledge in devising control action.
Care Everywhere, a Point-to-Point HIE Tool
Authors: Boland LL. , Frey NG. , Satterlee PA. , Hokanson JS. , Winden TJ.
Published: April 2014

Background: Emergency departments (EDs) routinely struggle with gaps in information when providing patient care. A point to point health information exchange (HIE) model has the potential to effectively fill those gaps.

Objective: To examine the utility, perceived and actual, of a point-to-point HIE tool called Care Everywhere (CE) and its impact on patient care in the ED.

Methods: This mixed methods study was performed at four large hospital EDs between January 2012 and November 2012. Retrospective data was extracted from the electronic health record (EHR) to evaluate CE utilization since implementation. ED notes data were extracted from ED visits occurring between January 2012 and June 2012 and were reviewed to evaluate the impact of exchanged information on patient care.

Results: Per focus group discussions, physicians thought the information received via CE was of value to patient care, particularly laboratory results, imaging, medication lists, discharge summaries and ECG interpretations. They feel the greatest impact of HIE is the avoidance of duplicative diagnostic testing and the identification of drug-seeking behavior. Nursing and ancillary staff expressed somewhat less enthusiasm but still felt HIE positively impacted patient care. Over a period of six months, CE was used in approximately 1.46% of ED encounters. A review of ED provider notes over that time period revealed CE use resulted in 560 duplicate diagnostic procedures being avoided and 28 cases of drug seeking behavior identified.

Conclusion: Our study provides insight into the perceived value of HIE from the point of view of our ED physicians and staff. It also demonstrates that a point-to-point HIE tool such as Epic System’s Care Everywhere has the potential to generate greater efficiencies within the ED and impact to patient care through elimination of duplicative diagnostic imaging or testing and resource utilization associated with those procedures.

Citation: Winden TJ, Boland LL, Frey NG, Satterlee PA, Hokanson JS. Care everywhere, a point-to-point HIE tool: Utilization and impact on patient care in the ED. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 388–401 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-12-RA-0100
An Analysis of Free-Text Alcohol Use Documentation in the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Garcia-Webb M. , Chen ES
Published: April 2014

Background: Alcohol use is a significant part of a patient’s history, but details about consumption are not always documented. Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems have the potential to improve assessment of alcohol use and misuse; however, a challenge is that critical information may be documented primarily in free-text rather than in a structured and standardized format, thereby limiting its use.

Objective: To characterize the use and contents of free-text documentation for alcohol use in the social history module of an EHR.

Methods: This study involved a retrospective analysis of 500 alcohol use entries that include structured fields as well as a free-text comment field. Two coding schemes were developed and used to analyze these entries for: (1) quantifying the reasons for using free-text comments and (2) categorizing information in the free-text into separate elements. In addition, for entries indicating possible alcohol misuse, a preliminary review of other structured parts of the EHR was conducted to determine if this was also documented elsewhere.

Results: The top three reasons for using free-text were limited ability to describe alcohol use frequency (75%), amount (22%), and status (18%) with available structured fields. Within the free-text, descriptions of frequency were most common (79%) using words or phrases conveying occasional (61%), daily (13%), or weekly (12%) use. Of the 36 cases suggesting alcohol misuse, 44% had mention of alcohol problems in the problem list or past medical history.

Conclusions: Based on the early findings, implications for improving the structured collection and use of alcohol use information in the EHR are provided in four areas: (1) system enhancements, (2) user training, (3) decision support, and (4) standards. Next steps include examining how alcohol use is documented in other parts of the EHR (e.g., clinical notes) and how documentation practices vary based on patient, provider, and clinic characteristics.

Citation: Chen ES, M. Garcia-Webb M. An analysis of free-text alcohol use documentation in the electronic health record: Early findings and implications. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 402–415 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-12-RA-0101
Tussentaal wordt omgangstaal in Vlaanderen
Authors: De Caluwe Johan
Published: April 2014

Can the language of young people in Flanders tell us something about the future look and sound of Dutch in Flanders? To answer that question we start from the results of recent research on the informal language of people between 18 and 24 years old. The recordings used are part of the Corpus Gesproken Nederlands (CGN – Corpus of Spoken Dutch). When asked to hold an informal conversation in standard Dutch, most young people in Flanders will not use standard Dutch, but an intermediate variety between dialect and standard Dutch, the so-called tussentaal (literally: language-in-between). In the eyes of the propagators of the official language policy in Flanders this intermediate variety is unacceptable; people should either use dialect or standard Dutch, but not a mixture of both. In the eyes of the young people the tussentaal is no less than their mother tongue, and perfectly fit for all types of supra-regional informal communication. If urged to use standard Dutch, as with the CGN recordings, they will make a few adjustments – lexical, phonological, morpho-syntactical – to their colloquial speech, but they will not switch to the standard code. This behaviour may be very informative when speculating about the status of Dutch in Flanders. However, if we want to know whether standard Dutch still has a future as a spoken language in Flanders, we need to collect more and better data on the linguistic perception and attitudes of the younger generations in Flanders.
Quantifying water diffusion in high-viscosity and glassy aqueous solutions using a Raman isotope tracer method
Authors: Price H. C. , Murray B. J. , Mattsson J. , O'Sullivan D. , Wilson T. W. , Baustian K. J. , Benning L. G.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. Recent research suggests that under certain temperature and relative humidity conditions atmospheric aerosol may be present in the form of a glassy solid. In order to understand the impacts that this may have on aerosol–cloud interactions and atmospheric chemistry, knowledge of water diffusion within such aerosol particles is required. Here, a method is described in which Raman spectroscopy is used to observe D2O diffusion in high-viscosity aqueous solutions, enabling a quantitative assessment of water diffusion coefficients, Dwater, as a function of relative humidity. Results for sucrose solutions compare well with literature data at 23.5 ± 0.3 °C, and demonstrate that water diffusion is slow (Dwater ~5 × 10−17 m2 s−1), but not arrested, just below the glass transition at a water activity of 0.2. Room temperature water diffusion coefficients are also presented for aqueous levoglucosan and an aqueous mixture of raffinose, dicarboxylic acids and ammonium sulphate: at low humidity, diffusion is retarded but still occurs on millisecond to second timescales in atmospherically relevant-sized particles. The effect of gel formation on diffusion in magnesium sulfate solutions is shown to be markedly different from the gradual decrease in diffusion coefficients of highly viscous liquids. We show that using the Stokes–Einstein equation to determine diffusion timescales from viscosity leads to values which are more than 5 orders of magnitude too big, which emphasises the need to make measurements of diffusion coefficients. In addition, comparison of bounce fraction data for levoglucosan with measured diffusion data reveals that even when particles bounce the diffusion timescales for water are a fraction of a second for a 100 nm particle. This suggests a high bounce fraction does not necessarily indicate retarded water diffusion.
Regional-scale simulations of fungal spore aerosols using an emission parameterization adapted to local measurements of fluorescent biological aerosol particles
Authors: Hummel M. , Hoose C. , Gallagher M. , Healy D. A. , Huffman J. A. , O'Connor D. , Pöschl U. , Pöhlker C. , Robinson N. H. , Schnaiter M. , Sodeau J. R. , Toprak E. , Vogel H.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. Fungal spores as a prominent type of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) have been incorporated into the COSMO-ART regional atmospheric model, using and comparing three different emission parameterizations. Two literature-based emission rates derived from fungal spore colony counts and chemical tracer measurements were used as a parameterization baseline for this study. A third, new emission parameterization was adapted to field measurements of fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAP) from four locations across Northern Europe. FBAP concentrations can be regarded as a lower estimate of total PBAP concentrations. Size distributions of FBAP often show a distinct mode at approx. 3 μm, corresponding to a diameter range characteristic for many fungal spores. Previous studies have suggested the majority of FBAP in several locations are dominated by fungal spores. Thus, we suggest that simulated fungal spore concentrations obtained from the emission parameterizations can be compared to the sum of total FBAP concentrations. A comparison reveals that parameterized estimates of fungal spore concentrations based on literature numbers underestimate measured FBAP concentrations. In agreement with measurement data, the model results show a diurnal cycle in simulated fungal spore concentrations, which may develop partially as a consequence of a varying boundary layer height between day and night. Measured FBAP and simulated fungal spore concentrations also correlate similarly with simulated temperature and humidity. These meteorological variables, together with leaf area index, were chosen to drive the new emission parameterization discussed here. Using the new emission parameterization on a model domain covering Western Europe, fungal spores in the lowest model layer comprise a fraction of 15% of the total aerosol mass over land and reach average number concentrations of 26 L−1. The results confirm that fungal spores and biological particles may account for a major fraction of supermicron aerosol particle number and mass concentration over vegetated continental regions and should thus be explicitly considered in air quality and climate studies.
Chemical characterization of the main secondary organic aerosol (SOA) products formed through aqueous-phase photonitration of guaiacol
Authors: Kitanovski Z. , Čusak A. , Grgić I. , Claeys M.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. Guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) and its derivatives can be emitted into the atmosphere by thermal degradation (i.e. burning) of wood lignins. Due to its volatility, guaiacol is predominantly distributed in the atmospheric gaseous phase. Recent studies have shown the importance of aqueous-phase reactions in addition to the dominant gas-phase and heterogeneous reactions of guaiacol, in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere. The main objectives of the present study were to chemically characterize the low-volatility SOA products of the aqueous-phase photonitration of guaiacol and examine their possible presence in urban atmospheric aerosols. The aqueous-phase reactions were carried out under simulated sunlight and in the presence of H2O2 and nitrite. The formed guaiacol reaction products were concentrated by using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and then purified by means of semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The fractionated individual compounds were isolated as pure solids and further analyzed with liquid-state 1H, 13C and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and direct infusion negative ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry ((–)ESI-MS/MS). The NMR and product ion (MS2) spectra were used for unambiguous product structure elucidation. The main products of guaiacol photonitration are 4-nitroguaiacol (4NG), 6-nitroguaiacol (6NG), and 4,6-dinitroguaiacol (4,6DNG). Using the isolated compounds as standards, 4NG and 4,6DNG were unambiguously identified in winter PM10 aerosols from the city of Ljubljana (Slovenia) by means of HPLC/(–)ESI-MS/MS. Owing to the strong absorption of UV and visible light, 4,6DNG could be an important constituent of atmospheric "brown" carbon, especially in regions affected by biomass burning.
An assessment of the vertical diffusive flux of iron and other nutrients to the surface waters of the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Painter S. C. , Henson S. A. , Forryan A. , Steigenberger S. , Klar J. , Stinchcombe M. C. , Rogan N. , Baker A. R. , Achterberg E. P. , Moore C. M.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. In this study we report diapycnal diffusive fluxes of dissolved iron (dFe), dissolved aluminium (dAl) and the major macronutrients to the surface waters of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. Turbulent diffusivities at the base of the summer mixed layer ranged from 0.01 to 0.5 (median 0.07) cm2 s−1 and daily macronutrient fluxes into the surface mixed layer typically represented < 0.5% of integrated mixed layer inventories, although fluxes were highly variable. Elevated nutrient fluxes of up to 4% of mixed layer inventories were identified on the Greenland Shelf, where integrated nutrient pools were lowest due to localised shoaling of the mixed layer. Diffusive fluxes of dFe and dAl were typically <0.1% of mixed layer inventories but were also highly variable between stations. Approximations of daily phytoplankton nutrient and Fe uptake indicate that the diffusive flux may at best represent <10% of phytoplankton macronutrient uptake, and only 1% of daily phytoplankton Fe uptake. The daily turbulent diffusive flux of dFe was comparable in magnitude to coincident estimates of aeolian Fe supply but despite shallower than normal convective mixing in winter 2010 the diffusive supply was 22 and 59 times smaller than the annual convective supply of Fe to the Irminger and Iceland basins respectively. The general picture obtained from this study is one of small magnitude diffusive nutrient and Fe fluxes to the subpolar North Atlantic during the period of annual nutrient minima and indicates that the diffusive supply mechanism is unlikely to alleviate the recently identified presence of seasonal iron limitation within the North Atlantic subpolar gyre; a condition exacerbated by low dFe:NO3− ratios in subsurface source waters.
Technical Note: Alternative in-stream denitrification equation for the INCA-N model
Authors: Etheridge J. R. , Birgand F. , Burchell II M. R. , Lepistö A. , Rankinen K. , Granlund K.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. The Integrated Catchment model for Nitrogen (INCA-N) is a semi-distributed, process based model that has been used to model the impacts of land use, climate, and land management changes on hydrology and nitrogen loading. An observed problem with the INCA-N model is reproducing low nitrate–nitrogen concentrations during the summer growing season in some catchments. In this study, the current equation used to simulate the rate of in-stream denitrification was replaced with an alternate equation that uses a mass transfer coefficient and the stream bottom area. The results of simulating in-stream denitrification using the two different methods were compared for a one year simulation period of the Yläneenjoki catchment in Finland. The alternate equation (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.61) simulated concentrations during the periods of the growing season with the lowest flow that were closer to the observed concentrations than the current equation (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.60), but the results were mixed during other portions of the year. The results of the calibration and validation of the model using the two equations show that the alternate equation will simulate lower nitrate–nitrogen concentrations during the growing season when compared to the current equation, but promote investigation into other errors in the model that may be causing inaccuracies in the modeled concentrations.
Record of Early Toarcian carbon cycle perturbations in a nearshore environment: the Bascharage section (easternmost Paris Basin)
Authors: Hermoso M. , Delsate D. , Baudin F. , Le Callonnec L. , Minoletti F. , Renard M. , Faber A.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. In order to understand the significance of worldwide deposition of black shale facies in the Early Toarcian (~ 183 Ma), considerable attention has been drawn to this Early Jurassic sub-Stage over the last three decades. The discovery of a pronounced negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) within the black shales disrupting the generally positive trend in carbon isotopes has stimulated many studies, particularly with a view to establish the local vs. global nature of this major geochemical phenomenon. Here we document the sedimentological and chemostratigraphic evolution of a proximal environment in the Luxembourgian sedimentary area, the so-called Gutland. At Bascharage, Lower Toarcian sediments record the isotopic signature of the Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) by a pronounced positive trend that testifies for widespread anoxia. The expression of the carbon isotope perturbation in this section however, is unusual compared to adjacent NW European sections. A first −7 ‰ negative CIE, whose onset is recorded at the top of the tenuicostatum zone, can be assigned to the well-documented and potentially global T-CIE with confidence using the well-constrained ammonite biostratigraphic framework for this section. In this interval, facies contain only a limited amount of carbonate as a result of intense detrital supply in such a proximal and shallow environment. Stratigraphically higher in the section, the serpentinum zone records a subsequent CIE (−6 ‰) that is expressed by four negative steps, each being accompanied by positive shifts in the oxygen isotopic composition of carbonate. The preservation state of coccoliths and calcareous dinoflagellates in the second CIE is excellent and comparable to that observed in under- and overlying strata, so this cannot be an artefact of diagenesis. Considering the nature of this record, and the lack of such a pronounced event in the serpentinum zone in coeval sections in Europe, we hypothesise that this second CIE was caused by local factors. The geochemical record of carbonate with a relatively light carbon and relatively heavy oxygen isotopic composition is compatible with the so-called Küspert model, by which a CIE can be explained by an influx of 12C-rich and cold waters due to upwelling bottom water masses. With the ongoing effort of high-resolution studies of the Meso-Cenozoic eras, further CIEs are likely to be found, but it has to be remembered that their (global) significance can only be determined via an integrated sedimentological, mineralogical, micropalaeontological and geochemical approach.
Estudio del Proceso de Fidelización del Consumidor Final
Authors: Fandos Juan Carlos , Estrada Marta M. , Monferrer Diego , Callarisa Luis
Published: April 2014

Para cada negcio importante para manter uma clientela fiel a ele para ajud-lo a sobreviver no tempo. Esta situao ainda acentuada na medida em que aumenta a concorrncia e aumenta incerteza. No momento estas so duas caractersticas que so realmente desenvolvidos. Por causa da profunda crise em que estamos, e outros elementos, tais como a globalizao eo desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias e sistemas de comunicao que enfrentamos um cenrio manifesta enorme concorrncia e incerteza encontrar. , portanto, mais do que nunca necessrio conhecer em profundidade como conseguir clientes para ser leal, e desenvolver verdadeiras estratgias de fidelizao. Neste artigo, apresentamos seqencial de formao abordagem lealdade do consumidor a fim de aprofundar a compreenso do conceito. Alm disso, podemos concluir estudar o efeito combinado dos custos de comutao como um elemento que promove a continuidade com a relao. Isso d ao consumidor faz um processamento cognitivo mais informaes em suas primeiras avaliaes do servio recebido e, portanto, em seus estgios iniciais de lealdade. medida que o processo avana o comportamento do consumidor torna-se mais direta e mecnica, de modo que o vnculo cliente-empresa pode dizer que mais forte.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v12i4.2500
Ensaio sobre a Análise de Desempenho em Marketing e Aplicação de Métricas
Authors: Guissoni Leandro Angotti , Neves Marcos Fava
Published: April 2014

Analisar o desempenho das atividades de marketing de maneira a tornar o embasamento das decises na rea menos subjetivo torna-se cada vez mais relevante. , tambm, uma alternativa para que o marketing no seja considerado apenas como uma rea ttica nas organizaes e assuma seu papel estratgico na continuidade dos negcios. Nesse contexto, h oportunidades para que a pesquisa em marketing investigue os efeitos das atividades de marketing por meio da aplicao de mtricas. Apesar do seu destaque em peridicos e nos mercados maduros, por esse ser ainda um polmico tema, de crescente importncia e com poucas pesquisas aplicadas ao Brasil, um ensaio terico foi realizado. Este ensaio pretende contribuir com a literatura de marketing de duas maneiras: i) por meio da organizao da reviso da literatura sobre o tema, apresentando uma viso detalhada do desenvolvimento do tema desde a dcada de 1960 at o ano de 2012; ii) identificando oportunidades de pesquisa relacionadas ao tema que estimulem os debates relacionados a ele em futuras pesquisas.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v12i4.2535
Emotional Suppression as a Moderator for the Impact of a Transgression on Consumers’ Satisfaction
Authors: Mantovani Danielle , Korelo José Carlos , Prado Paulo Henrique Muller , Santos Tatiane SIlva dos
Published: April 2014

Despite the increasing amount of research about the effects of a sellers transgression on consumers relationship quality evaluation, existing theory still demands more insights into consumers capacity to suppress the negative emotions that a transgression might generate. This research proposes that consumers are not always equally influenced by a transgression because some individuals demonstrate a higher capacity to suppress the negative emotions that arise from a sellers transgression. An experimental study in a controlled virtual book store was developed, simulating a real website. Participants were randomly allocated into one of the two conditions: transgression vs. non-transgression scenario. We demonstrate that consumers who are better able to suppress the negative emotions experienced a lower decrease in their satisfaction evaluation of the relationship with the seller after a transgression than those who had a lower negative emotion suppression capacity behavior. These results shed light into the boundary conditions of the transgressions in B2C marketing relationship. This research is therefore intended to make contributions to the literature of marketing relationship in a transgression context.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v12i4.2537
Store Image Attributes and Customer Satisfaction in Supermarkets in Campo Grande-MS
Authors: Watanabe Eluiza Alberto de Morais , Lima-Filho Dario De Oliveira , Torres Cláudio Vaz
Published: April 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between image attributes and consumer satisfaction in supermarkets. Specifically, we sought to: a) identify the variables which make up the image attributes of supermarkets and group them into factors, and b) assess the impact of image attributes on consumer satisfaction. We conducted a quantitative study, which met quotas by region and city income class, among 400 individuals from Campo Grande, MS, southwest Brazil, who were responsible for purchasing supermarket products for their families. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modeling were used for the data analysis. The results revealed that the attributes are grouped into five factors. The constructs environment and promotions were not considered significant in determining satisfaction, while the attributes employees, product and price had a positive effect on satisfaction, with the latter having the greatest impact.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v12i4.2561
Uma Análise da Produção Acadêmica Brasileira em Marketing Esportivo Enquanto Área Multidisciplinar
Authors: Mazzei Leandro , De Oliveira Nara Silveira , Rocco Jr. Ary José , Bastos Flávia Da Cunha
Published: April 2014

A Indstria do Esporte possui nmeros considerveis e seu impacto social, cultural e econmico so expressivos no Brasil e no mundo. O marketing executa aes de criao, promoo e fornecimento de produtos e servios e aplica tcnicas que visam influenciar o nvel, a velocidade e a composio da demanda do consumo. De forma estratgica, o marketing pode ser fundamental para o crescimento das organizaes de determinado segmento. O objetivo deste artigo esteve na avaliao da produo cientfica em Marketing Esportivo no Brasil. Utilizando-se de um banco de dados abrangente e considerando que o Marketing Esportivo est presente em um contexto multidisciplinar da Gesto do Esporte. Concluiu-se um baixo nmero de artigos publicados nos peridicos brasileiros com esta temtica e em termos gerais sinalizam abordagens primrias ou abordagens descritivas, alm de uma predominncia de "Ensaios" e temticas relacionadas com o segmento Promoo da Indstria do Esporte. Tal fato abre grande perspectiva para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras sobre o Marketing Esportivo e as possibilidades so inmeras. Independente do quadro atual, a necessidade da aplicao de conceitos do marketing no esporte vigente, principalmente pela presso por bons resultados esportivos e econmicos das organizaes esportivas. Este artigo apresentou um retrato da produo cientfica em Marketing Esportivo no Brasil e identificou algumas lacunas que podem ser mais exploradas por pesquisadores interessados neste tema.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v12i4.2625
Compreendendo as Dimensões de Relacionamento no Contexto do Ensino Superior Brasileiro: Estudo a Partir de um Modelo de Mensuração de Westbrook e Dholakia
Authors: Veber Patrícia Aparecida , Hermes Grillo Tito Luciano , Almeida Stefânia Ordovás
Published: April 2014

O relacionamento entre consumidores e provedores de servios tema recorrente na rea de marketing. Mas pesquisadores apontam que ainda h necessidade de se compreender os fatores que formam percepes acerca de servios educacionais de nvel universitrio e que refletem o modo como estas afetam a experincia dos estudantes. Buscando auxiliar na compreenso sobre o tema, neste trabalho avaliado, no contexto brasileiro, um modelo de mensurao do relacionamento dos alunos de ps-graduao com a instituio de ensino proposto em estudo de Westbrook e Dholakia, conduzido nos Estados Unidos, que jamais foi concludo e submetido para publicao. Com permisso dos autores, apresentamos aqui seus achados; propomos uma simplificao do modelo, a fim de torna-lo parcimonioso sem prejudicar sua validade de contedo; e testamos a nova verso, com suas escalas adaptadas para aplicao no Brasil, com uma amostra de 276 respondentes. A verso mais parcimoniosa mostra indicadores de consistncia interna e de validade melhores do que os obtidos por Westbrook e Dholakia. O artigo, portanto, apresenta duas contribuies centrais: (1) divulgamos resultados de pesquisa no publicados de estudo conduzido por dois pesquisadores de renome no campo de comportamento do consumidor; (2) apresentamos uma nova avaliao do modelo destes pesquisadores, adaptando-o a um novo contexto. Assim, o trabalho colabora no apenas para uma melhor compreenso de variveis de marketing relacionamento no contexto de ensino, mas tambm para o fortalec imento do status cientfico do marketing atravs da reavaliao e comparao de achados com os de um estudo cientfico antecedente do mesmo modelo.
Race and Teacher Evaluations as Predictors of Algebra Placement
Authors: Faulkner Valerie N. , Stiff Lee V. , Marshall Patricia L. , Nietfeld John , Crossland Cathy L.
Published: April 2014

This study is a longitudinal look at the different mathematics placement profiles of Black students and White students from late elementary school through 8th grade. Results revealed that Black students had reduced odds of being placed in algebra by the time they entered 8th grade even after controlling for performance in mathematics. An important implication of this study is that placement recommendations must be monitored to ensure that high-achieving students are placed appropriately, regardless of racial background.
Rousing Mathematics Classroom Discourse out of the Ice Age
Authors: Hand Victoria , Meaney Tamsin
Published: April 2014

Our connected world is exploding with images and sounds of cultural hybridity and fluidity. Mathematics classrooms, however, remain frozen in time. One consequence of this inertia is that mathematics education, rather than being a way to provide opportunities that lead to better lives for students, continues to limit those opportunities by reproducing existing societal inequities (Ernest, 2009). The inertia continues despite Herculean efforts by a range of stakeholders in mathematics education to broaden and diversify the voices participating in classroom mathematical conversations. What does the contrast between the increasingly dynamic and “flattened” (Friedman, 2005) nature of our global culture and the static and hierarchical nature of the mathematics classroom have to do with a book about classroom mathematical discourse and issues of equity?
Messenger RNA- Versus Retrovirus-Based Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Reprogramming Strategies: Analysis of Genomic Integrity
Authors: Steichen Clara , Luce Eléanor , Maluenda Jérôme , Tosca Lucie , Moreno-Gimeno Inmaculada , Desterke Christophe , Dianat Noushin , Goulinet-Mainot Sylvie , Awan-Toor Sarah , Burks Deborah , Marie Joëlle , Weber Anne , Tachdjian Gérard , Melki Judith , Dubart-Kupperschmitt Anne
Published: April 2014

The use of synthetic messenger RNAs to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is particularly appealing for potential regenerative medicine applications, because it overcomes the common drawbacks of DNA-based or virus-based reprogramming strategies, including transgene integration in particular. We compared the genomic integrity of mRNA-derived iPSCs with that of retrovirus-derived iPSCs generated in strictly comparable conditions, by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and copy number variation (CNV) analyses. We showed that mRNA-derived iPSCs do not differ significantly from the parental fibroblasts in SNP analysis, whereas retrovirus-derived iPSCs do. We found that the number of CNVs seemed independent of the reprogramming method, instead appearing to be clone-dependent. Furthermore, differentiation studies indicated that mRNA-derived iPSCs differentiated efficiently into hepatoblasts and that these cells did not load additional CNVs during differentiation. The integration-free hepatoblasts that were generated constitute a new tool for the study of diseased hepatocytes derived from patients' iPSCs and their use in the context of stem cell-derived hepatocyte transplantation. Our findings also highlight the need to conduct careful studies on genome integrity for the selection of iPSC lines before using them for further applications.
Reconsidering Ampere’s Double Layer Representation for Magnetic Field, Evaluation in a NDE Dection of a zero volume crack
Authors: Poloujadoff M. , Bettaieb L. , Kokabi H.
Published: April 2014

The paper has two different objectives. The first one is to  show that Ampere’s double layer method, which is equivalent  to one of the Maxwell equations, leads to the integration of a  simple closed form expression, thus avoiding the need to solve  complicated partial differential equations. The second aim is  to study the case of a zero volume defect in a NDE problem by  a perturbation method and the introduction of a double layer.  The combination of these two techniques leads to a very fast  solution of the problem. A practical example including
Estado de Conservação da ictiofauna do rio Guandu, afluente do baixo rio Doce, ES
Authors: Silva Adriana Maria , Giongo Patricia , Belei Frederico , Sampaio Wagner Martins Santana
Published: April 2014

A bacia do rio Doce possui uma parcela significativa da biodiversidade de peixes das bacias costeiras do Brasil. O rio Guandu é um dos principais tributários do baixo rio Doce e até hoje são carentes as informações sobre a ictiofauna nessa bacia. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo, inventariar e avaliar a ictiofauna do rio Guandu, tributário do baixo rio Doce. Foram capturados 202 indivíduos, distribuídos em seis ordens, 16 famílias e 29 espécies. Dentre as espécies encontradas, oito delas são exóticas e uma delas pode estar sob ameaça de extinção na região. Os resultados contribuem para o conhecimento da ictiofauna do rio Doce, na porção Baixo Guandu. Estudos científicos mais aprofundados na região são de extrema importância para se traçar estratégias de conservação adequadas.

 

DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v4i1.56
The development of magmatism along the Cameroon Volcanic Line: Evidence from seismicity and seismic anisotropy
Authors: De Plaen R. S. M. , Bastow I. D. , Chambers E. L. , Keir D. , Gallacher R. J. , Keane J.
Published: April 2014

The Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) straddles the continent‐ocean boundary in West Africa but exhibits no clear age progression. This renders it difficult to explain by traditional plume/plate motion hypotheses; thus, there remains no consensus on the processes responsible for its development. To understand better the nature of asthenospheric flow beneath the CVL, and the effects of hotspot tectonism on the overlying lithosphere, we analyze mantle seismic anisotropy and seismicity. Cameroon is relatively aseismic compared to hotspots elsewhere, with little evidence for magmatism‐related crustal deformation away from Mount Cameroon, which last erupted in 2000. Low crustal Vp/Vs ratios (∼1.74) and a lack of evidence for seismically anisotropic aligned melt within the lithosphere both point toward a poorly developed magmatic plumbing system beneath the CVL. Null SKS splitting observations dominate the western continental portion of the CVL; elsewhere, anisotropic fast polarization directions parallel the strike of the Precambrian Central African Shear Zone (CASZ). The nulls may imply that the convecting upper mantle beneath the CVL is isotropic, or characterized by a vertically oriented olivine lattice preferred orientation fabric, perhaps due to a mantle plume or the upward limb of a small‐scale convection cell. Precambrian CASZ fossil lithospheric fabrics along the CVL may have been thermomechanically eroded during Gondwana breakup ∼130 Ma, with an isotropic lower lithosphere subsequently reforming due to cooling of the slow‐moving African plate. Small‐scale lithospheric delamination during the 30 Ma recent development of the line may also have contributed to the erosion of the CASZ lithospheric fossil anisotropy, at the same time as generating the low‐volume alkaline basaltic volcanism along the CVL.
Histones: Gene Organisation and Post‐translational Modification
Authors: Doenecke Detlef
Published: April 2014

Histones are highly conserved basic proteins that form the major part of the protein moiety of eukaryotic chromosomes. Together with
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
, they organise the repeat unit of chromatin, the nucleosome, which consists of a deoxyribonucleoprotein core particle and linker DNA connecting these core units. The core particle is composed of 147 nucleotide pairs of DNA and two copies of each of the four core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. The DNA linking core particles is associated with one copy of a fifth histone type termed H1. The basal organisation of chromatin as a histone–DNA complex implies that histones functionally participate in the regulation of chromatin‐bound processes, such as transcription, DNA repair or DNA replication. Post‐translational modification of histone amino acid side chains or replacement of canonical histones by nonallelic variants and recognition of such modified sites by regulatory factors are key processes in modulating the functional organisation of chromatin.

Key Concepts:

The histone family of basic chromosome consists of five protein classes that organise together with DNA the nucleosome, the basic chromatin unit. Two copies of each of the four histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form together with DNA the nucleosome core particle; linker DNA and histone H1 complete the nucleosome as the chromosomal repeat unit.

The five canonical histones are extremely conserved proteins, and the nucleosome structure is essentially the same from unicellular to vertebrate species.

Nonallelic variants of four of the five histones (the exception is H4) can replace the canonical isoforms, thereby mediating dynamic changes of chromatin structure and function.

Histones are post‐translationally modified by, for example, acetylation of lysine residues, methylation of lysine or arginine residues and phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups in side chains of serine, threonine or tyrosine. Such modified side chains (and combinations thereof) provide interaction sites for binding of factors involved in chromatin‐bound processes.

Histone H1 is also termed linker histones, because it interacts with the DNA linking nucleosome core particles. Yeast has just one type of H1‐like histones, whereas mammals have several nonallelic H1 variants. H1 is involved in the formation of higher order chromatin structures above the level of arrays of nucleosomes.
Peptide Mapping
Authors: Chen Gang
Published: April 2014

Proteomics is the large‐scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. One of its most important tasks is to develop efficient and rapid approaches to identify various proteins. Peptide mapping is a commonly used strategy in protein identification. It involves the chemical or enzymatic treatment of proteins resulting in the formation of peptide fragments followed by separation and identification of the resultant fragments. Proteins are usually digested into peptides that are subsequently identified by mass spectrometry to obtain peptide mass fingerprints. Peptide mapping is an important technique for investigating protein primary structures and determining surface‐exposed sites or epitopes within proteins. It can be adapted to obtain internal protein sequences. Prior to identification, the proteins and peptides usually need to be separated by a variety of separation approaches, such as gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatograph, capillary electrophoresis, etc.

Key Concepts:

Sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) is a commonly used approach for the separation of proteins and peptides.

Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) can separate a great many of proteins in two separation modes.

Proteolysis is a process where proteins are broken down into smaller peptides by proteases.

Proteases are enzymes that conduct proteolysis by hydrolysis of some specific peptide bonds.

Mass spectroscopy (MS) is an analytical technique to separate the components of a sample by their mass‐to‐charge ratios.

Peptide mass fingerprinting is the most popular analytical application of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐time of flight MS (MALDI‐TOF MS) and electrospray MS.

Electrospray became widely used as ionisation source for the MS analysis of proteins and peptides.

Mascot is a powerful search engine which uses mass spectrometry data to identify proteins from primary sequence databases.

Sequence coverage is the percentage of the database protein sequence covered by matching peptides.

Proteolytic microchip bioreactors are microdevices in which proteases are immobilised for efficient peptide mapping.
Protein Quaternary Structure: Symmetry Patterns
Authors: Stenkamp Ronald E
Published: April 2014

Protein molecules can assemble into larger, multisubunit oligomers that possess unique quaternary structures and biological properties. The properties of the oligomeric protein can be quite different from those of the individual subunits. The noncovalent protein–protein interactions giving rise to oligomers often result in symmetric complexes containing identical monomers in identical environments. The symmetry properties of these complexes are described, in particular with respect to the types of subunit–subunit interactions giving rise to the oligomers. Because the symmetry of the macromolecular assemblies is based on the symmetric interactions between the subunits, understanding the symmetry provides further insight into the functioning of the oligomers. Specific examples presented include: dimers and heptamers with cyclic symmetry, tetrameric and octameric oligomers with dihedral symmetry, multienzyme complexes with tetrahedral and dodecahedral structures, and pilin helical oligomers.

Key Concepts:

Many proteins form large complexes made up of multiple copies of identical subunits.

Analysis of the quaternary structures of protein complexes in terms of symmetry can determine how equivalent the subunits are, in function as well as structure.

Subunits in dimeric proteins related by twofold rotation axes interact using the same functional groups on each subunit, that is, isologously.

Protein complexes showing cyclic and helical symmetries have subunits that do not interact with the same functional groups on each subunit; they interact heterologously.

Large protein complexes can take on the symmetries shown by the Platonic solids.

Helical symmetry is found in large rod‐like structures such as pili.

Protein complexes showing point group symmetry are constructed using all of the available subunit–subunit binding surfaces and are ‘closed’ to addition of further subunits.

Helical structures containing identical subunits have unoccupied binding surfaces at the termini of the helix that can bind additional subunits and grow into unlimited polymers.