bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large-area photonic lift-off process for flexible thin-film transistors
Authors: Weidling Adam M. , Turkani Vikram S. , Akhavan Vahid , Schroder Kurt A. , Swisher Sarah L.
Published: February 2022

Fabricating flexible electronics on plastic is often limited by the poor dimensional stability of polymer substrates. To mitigate, glass carriers are used during fabrication, but removing the plastic substrate from a carrier without damaging the electronics remains challenging. Here we utilize a large-area, high-throughput photonic lift-off (PLO) process to rapidly separate polymer films from rigid carriers. PLO uses a 150 µs pulse of broadband light from flashlamps to lift-off functional thin films from glass carrier substrates coated with a light absorber layer (LAL). Modeling indicates that the polymer/LAL interface reaches above 800 °C during PLO, but the top surface of the PI remains below 120 °C. An array of indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) was fabricated on a polyimide substrate and photonically lifted off from the glass carrier. The TFT mobility was unchanged by PLO. The flexible TFTs were mechanically robust, with no reduction in mobility while flexed.
High thermostability improves neutralizing antibody responses induced by native-like HIV-1 envelope trimers
Authors: del Moral-Sánchez Iván , Russell Rebecca A. , Schermer Edith E. , Cottrell Christopher A. , Allen Joel D. , Torrents de la Peña Alba , LaBranche Celia C. , Kumar Sanjeev , Crispin Max , Ward Andrew B. , Montefiori David C. , Sattentau Quentin J. , Sliepen Kwinten , Sanders Rogier W.
Published: February 2022

Soluble HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) immunogens are a prime constituent of candidate vaccines designed to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies. Several lines of evidence suggest that enhancing Env immunogen thermostability can improve neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses. Here, we generated BG505 SOSIP.v9 trimers, which displayed virtually no reactivity with non-neutralizing antibodies and showed increased global and epitope thermostability, compared to previous BG505 SOSIP versions. Chemical crosslinking of BG505 SOSIP.v9 further increased the melting temperature to 91.3 °C, which is almost 25 °C higher than that of the prototype SOSIP.664 trimer. Next, we compared the immunogenicity of a palette of BG505-based SOSIP trimers with a gradient of thermostabilities in rabbits. We also included SOSIP.v9 proteins in which a strain-specific immunodominant epitope was masked by glycans to redirect the NAb response to other subdominant epitopes. We found that increased trimer thermostability correlated with increased potency and consistency of the autologous NAb response. Furthermore, glycan masking steered the NAb response to subdominant epitopes without decreasing the potency of the autologous NAb response. In summary, SOSIP.v9 trimers and their glycan masked versions represent an improved platform for HIV-1 Env based vaccination strategies.
A near-natural experiment on factors influencing larval drift in Salamandra salamandra
Authors: Schafft Malwina , Wagner Norman , Schuetz Tobias , Veith Michael
Published: February 2022

The larval stage of the European fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) inhabits both lentic and lotic habitats. In the latter, they are constantly exposed to unidirectional water flow, which has been shown to cause downstream drift in a variety of taxa. In this study, a closed artificial creek, which allowed us to keep the water flow constant over time and, at the same time, to simulates with predefined water quantities and durations, was used to examine the individual movement patterns of marked larval fire salamanders exposed to unidirectional flow. Movements were tracked by marking the larvae with VIAlpha tags individually and by using downstream and upstream traps. Most individuals showed stationarity, while downstream drift dominated the overall movement pattern. Upstream movements were rare and occurred only on small distances of about 30 cm; downstream drift distances exceeded 10 m (until next downstream trap). The simulated flood events increased drift rates significantly, even several days after the flood simulation experiments. Drift probability increased with decreasing body size and decreasing nutritional status. Our results support the production hypothesis as an explanation for the movements of European fire salamander larvae within creeks.
Tunable x-ray free electron laser multi-pulses with nanosecond separation
Authors: Decker Franz-Josef , Bane Karl L. , Colocho William , Gilevich Sasha , Marinelli Agostino , Sheppard John C. , Turner James L. , Turner Joshua J. , Vetter Sharon L. , Halavanau Aliaksei , Pellegrini Claudio , Lutman Alberto A.
Published: February 2022

X-ray Free Electron Lasers provide femtosecond x-ray pulses with narrow bandwidth and unprecedented peak brightness. Special modes of operation have been developed to deliver double pulses for x-ray pump, x-ray probe experiments. However, the longest delay between the two pulses achieved with existing single bucket methods is less than 1 picosecond, thus preventing the exploration of longer time-scale dynamics. We present a novel two-bucket scheme covering delays from 350 picoseconds to hundreds of nanoseconds in discrete steps of 350 picoseconds. Performance for each pulse can be similar to the one in a single pulse operation. The method has been experimentally tested with the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS-I) and the copper linac with LCLS-II hard x-ray undulators.
Small intestinal viability assessment using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and deep learning
Authors: Hou Jie , Strand-Amundsen Runar , Tronstad Christian , Tønnessen Tor Inge , Høgetveit Jan Olav , Martinsen Ørjan Grøttem
Published: February 2022

Intestinal ischemia is a serious condition where the surgeon often has to make important but difficult decisions regarding resections and resection margins. Previous studies have shown that 3 h (hours) of warm full ischemia of the small bowel followed by reperfusion appears to be the upper limit for viability in the porcine mesenteric ischemia model. However, the critical transition between 3 to 4 h of ischemic injury can be nearly impossible to distinguish intraoperatively based on standard clinical methods. In this study, permittivity data from porcine intestine was used to analyze the characteristics of various degrees of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our results show that dielectric relaxation spectroscopy can be used to assess intestinal viability. The dielectric constant and conductivity showed clear differences between healthy, ischemic and reperfused intestinal segments. This indicates that dielectric parameters can be used to characterize different intestinal conditions. In addition, machine learning models were employed to classify viable and non-viable segments based on frequency dependent dielectric properties of the intestinal tissue, providing a method for fast and accurate intraoperative surgical decision-making. An average classification accuracy of 98.7% was obtained using only permittivity data measured during ischemia, and 96.2% was obtained with data measured during reperfusion. The proposed approach allows the surgeon to get accurate evaluation from the trained machine learning model by performing one single measurement on an intestinal segment where the viability state is questionable.
A comparison of approaches to improve worst-case predictive model performance over patient subpopulations
Authors: Pfohl Stephen R. , Zhang Haoran , Xu Yizhe , Foryciarz Agata , Ghassemi Marzyeh , Shah Nigam H.
Published: February 2022

Predictive models for clinical outcomes that are accurate on average in a patient population may underperform drastically for some subpopulations, potentially introducing or reinforcing inequities in care access and quality. Model training approaches that aim to maximize worst-case model performance across subpopulations, such as distributionally robust optimization (DRO), attempt to address this problem without introducing additional harms. We conduct a large-scale empirical study of DRO and several variations of standard learning procedures to identify approaches for model development and selection that consistently improve disaggregated and worst-case performance over subpopulations compared to standard approaches for learning predictive models from electronic health records data. In the course of our evaluation, we introduce an extension to DRO approaches that allows for specification of the metric used to assess worst-case performance. We conduct the analysis for models that predict in-hospital mortality, prolonged length of stay, and 30-day readmission for inpatient admissions, and predict in-hospital mortality using intensive care data. We find that, with relatively few exceptions, no approach performs better, for each patient subpopulation examined, than standard learning procedures using the entire training dataset. These results imply that when it is of interest to improve model performance for patient subpopulations beyond what can be achieved with standard practices, it may be necessary to do so via data collection techniques that increase the effective sample size or reduce the level of noise in the prediction problem.
The elimination of stressed induced light leakage for in-plane-switching LCD
Authors: Wang Feifei , Zhan Hongming , Ji Lintao , Yang Tao , Meng Qingyong , Li Yajun , Li Bowen , Zang Yuansheng , Chen Junsheng , Huang Yinhu , Wang Kaixuan , Lin Lifeng , Shao Xibin
Published: February 2022

As the mainstream display mode of LCD, IPS is overwhelmingly used in many fields of flat displays. However, due to the stress sensitivity of glass, the stressed light leakage is a bottleneck for achieving perfect dark state performance. The conventional scheme of using a compensation polarizer outside the cell has no effect on this light leakage. Although many studies have been conducted to overcome this limitation, the proposed methods have limited effects. Our research team has proposed a novel light leakage compensation mechanism by introducing a positive A plate that is sandwiched between the glass and the LC layer, therefore the light leakage which is caused by the combined effect of the phase retardations from the stressed glasses and the LC layer can be eliminated. In addition to theoretically analyzing the compensation principles of the novel light leakage compensation mechanism, we also use the developed positive A material to prepare light leakage compensation demos. And then the electric-optical characteristics and light leakage compensation effects of the demos are evaluated. While maintaining excellent optical and electrical characteristics, this technology effectively solves the problem of stressed light leakage of glass-based IPS, improves the dark-state image quality, and breaks the application of IPS in products such as curve products.
Microfluidic channel sensory system for electro-addressing cell location, determining confluency, and quantifying a general number of cells
Authors: Rapier Crystal E. , Jagadeesan Srikanth , Vatine Gad , Ben-Yoav Hadar
Published: February 2022

Microfluidics is a highly useful platform for culturing, monitoring, and testing biological cells. The integration of electrodes into microfluidic channels extends the functionality, sensing, and testing capabilities of microfluidic systems. By employing an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique, the non-invasive, label-free detection of the activities of cells in real-time can be achieved. To address the movement toward spatially resolving cells in cell culture, we developed a sensory system capable of electro-addressing cell location within a microfluidic channel. This simple system allows for real-time cell location, integrity monitoring (of barrier producing cells), and confluency sensing without the need for frequent optical evaluation—saving time. EIS results demonstrate that cells within microfluidic channels can be located between various pairs of electrodes at different positions along the length of the device. Impedance spectra clearly differentiates between empty, sparse, and confluent microfluidic channels. The system also senses the level of cell confluence between electrode pairs—allowing for the relative quantification of cells in different areas of the microfluidic channel. The system’s electrode layout can easily be incorporated into other devices. Namely, organ-on-a-chip devices, that require the monitoring of precise cell location and confluency levels for understanding tissue function, modeling diseases, and for testing therapeutics.
Agent based simulation with data driven parameterization for evaluation of social acceptance of a geothermal development: a case study in Tsuchiyu, Fukushima, Japan
Authors: Masuda Shuntaro , Bahr Kyle , Tsuchiya Noriyoshi , Takemori Tatsuya
Published: February 2022

Development of geothermal power plants and local geothermal energy initiatives have lagged due to the social problems such as conflicts with stakeholders such as Onsen (Hot Spa) owners, despite the abundant geothermal resources. Study area was Tsuchiyu Onsen in Fukushima prefecture, Tohoku (Northeast) District, Japan, where the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Nuclear Accident occurred in 2011, and the reconstruction and local initiatives of geothermal energy were still unclear. Agent-based modeling is an effective methodology for modeling and analysis of opinion formation. Parameter estimation method was proposed to extract appropriate parameters from various factors through a Bayesian Network. The characteristics of stakeholders and communities that affected opinion formation in the survey area were successfully extracted. Here we show the sufficient methodology to quantify the characteristics of each person using survey data, and to extract the parameters of the agent by data-driven inverse analysis. By using this methodology, we could reproduce opinion diversity, which is a property of opinion formation in real communities. This result suggests that the model replicates the actual formation of opinion in Tsuchiyu, where the economy was boosted by the construction of a binary cycle power plant.
Technological creep masks continued decline in a lobster (Homarus gammarus) fishery over a century
Authors: Kleiven Alf Ring , Espeland Sigurd Heiberg , Stiansen Stian , Ono Kotaro , Zimmermann Fabian , Olsen Esben Moland
Published: February 2022

Fishery-dependent data are frequently used to inform management decisions. However, inferences about stock development based on commercial data such as Catch-Per-Unit-Effort (CPUE) can be severely biased due to a phenomenon known as technological creep, where fishing technology improves over time. Here we show how trap improvement over nine decades has driven technological creep in a European lobster (Homarus gammarus) fishery. We combined fishing data, experimental fishing with contemporary and older trap types, and information on depletion effects during fishing seasons. The resulting standardized CPUE time series indicates a 92% decline in lobster abundance between 1928 and 2019 compared to 70% if technological creep is not corrected for. Differences are most pronounced within the last 40 years when the most substantial shift in gear technology occurred: an uncorrected CPUE index suggests an 8% increase in lobster abundance during this period, while the corrected CPUE index declined by 57%. We conclude that technological creep has masked a continuous stock decline, particularly in recent decades and largely driven by the shift from one- to two-chambered traps, as well as the ability of newer trap designs to capture larger lobsters. Our study confirms the importance of adequate standardization, including technological development, when using fishery dependent CPUE for monitoring and management of data-limited fisheries.
The role of the anterior insula during targeted helping behavior in male rats
Authors: Cox Stewart S. , Kearns Angela M. , Woods Samuel K. , Brown Brogan J. , Brown Samantha J. , Reichel Carmela M.
Published: February 2022

Empathy, the understanding of the emotional state of others, can be examined across species using the Perception Action Model, where shared affect promotes an action by “Observers” to aid a distressed “Target”. The anterior insula (AI) has garnered interest in empathic behavior due to its role integrating sensory and emotional information of self and other. In the following studies, the AI was inhibited pharmacologically and chemogenetically during targeted helping. We demonstrate the insula is active during, and is necessary for the maintenance of, targeted helping. Analysis of ultrasonic vocalizations revealed distress calls from Targets increased when Observers’ helping was attenuated due to insula inhibition. Targets’ elevated distress was directly correlated to Observers’ diminished helping behavior, suggesting emotional transfer between Observer and Target is blunted following Observer AI inhibition. Finally, the AI may selectively blunt targeted helping, as social exploration did not change in a social reward place conditioning task. These studies help further establish the anterior insula as a critical node in the empathic brain during targeted helping, even in the absence of direct social contact.
Phylogenetic analyses of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx Linnaeus, 1758) including new mitochondrial DNA sequences from Iran
Authors: Behzadi Farshad , Malekian Mansoureh , Fadakar Davoud , Adibi Mohammad Ali , Bärmann Eva V.
Published: February 2022

The Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) is one of the widespread felids in Eurasia; however, relatively little is known about the Asian subspecies, and especially the Iranian populations, which comprise the most southwestern part of its range. The current study aimed to assess the phylogenetic status of Iranian populations relative to other populations of Eurasia, by sequencing a 613 bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region. In total, 44 haplotypes were recorded from 83 sequences throughout Eurasia, two of which were found in Iran. The haplotype (H1) is dominant in all Iranian lynx populations and identical to specimens from SW Russia and central China. The second haplotype (H2) is unique and was recorded only from Ghazvin Province in the central Alborz Mountains. Both haplotypes occur in Ghazvin Province. The phylogenetic tree and a median-joining network identified four clades (i.e., East, West 1, West 2, and South). These results are congruent with previous studies and suggest that Eurasian lynx was restricted to the southern part of its range during the glacial maxima and expanded from there to East Asia and to Europe during several independent re-colonization events. The Caucasus region most like plays an important role as a refugium during glacial cycles.
Seasonal variation of pesticides in surface water and drinking water wells in the annual cycle in western Poland, and potential health risk assessment
Authors: Kruć-Fijałkowska Roksana , Dragon Krzysztof , Drożdżyński Dariusz , Górski Józef
Published: February 2022

Drinking water wells on a riverbank filtration sites are exposed to contamination from farmlands (like pesticides) that had migrated from the contaminated river. In this study, pesticide contamination of the Warta River and riverbank filtration water at the Mosina-Krajkowo well field (Poland) were examined during the annual cycle. Among the 164 pesticides analysed, 25 were identified. The highest concentrations occurred in the river water and decreased along the flow path from the river to wells. Only the most persistent substances were detected at the farthest points. During the study, seasonal changes in pesticide concentrations and differences in the types of occurring substances were observed. Most substances and the highest concentrations were detected in May 2018, while the lowest number and the lowest concentrations were detected in February 2018. Spring is the period of increased exposure of water to pollution, which is correlated with increased pesticides use and increased rainfall. Seven toxic and persistent pesticides were found with the highest concentrations in water: isoproturon, nicosulfuron, imidacloprid, terbuthylazine, chlorotoluron, S-metalachlor, and prometryn. Pesticides are widely used in the study area; therefore, a potential health risk assessment was performed. The hazard quotient (HQ) values did not exceed one, which indicated a less significant health risk.
Integrated analysis of the transcriptome, sRNAome, and degradome reveals the network regulating fruit skin coloration in sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica)
Authors: Sun Yuyan , Zhang Huiqing , Dong Wenqi , He Shengmi , Qiao Shuting , Qi Xingjiang , Hu Qizan
Published: February 2022

Sponge gourd fruit skin color is an important quality-related trait because it substantially influences consumer preferences. However, little is known about the miRNAs and genes regulating sponge gourd fruit skin coloration. This study involved an integrated analysis of the transcriptome, sRNAome, and degradome of sponge gourd fruit skins with green skin (GS) and white skin (WS). A total of 4,331 genes were differentially expressed between the GS and WS, with 2,442 down-regulated and 1,889 up-regulated genes in WS. The crucial genes involved in chlorophyll metabolism, chloroplast development, and chloroplast protection were identified (e.g.,HEMA,CHLM,CRD1,POR,CAO,CLH,SGR,CAB,BEL1-like,KNAT,ARF, and peroxidase genes). Additionally, 167 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, with 70 up-regulated and 97 down-regulated miRNAs in WS. Degradome sequencing identified 125 differentially expressed miRNAs and their 521 differentially expressed target genes. The miR156, miR159, miR166, miR167, miR172, and miR393 targeted the genes involved in chlorophyll metabolism, chloroplast development, and chloroplast protection. Moreover, a flavonoid biosynthesis regulatory network was established involving miR159, miR166, miR169, miR319, miR390, miR396, and their targetsCHS,4CL,bHLH, andMYB. The qRT-PCR data for the differentially expressed genes were generally consistent with the transcriptome results. Subcellular localization analysis of selected proteins revealed their locations in different cellular compartments, including nucleus, cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum. The study findings revealed the important miRNAs, their target genes, and the regulatory network controlling fruit skin coloration in sponge gourd.
Dietary salt with nitric oxide deficiency induces nocturnal polyuria in mice via hyperactivation of intrarenal angiotensin II-SPAK-NCC pathway
Authors: Sekii Y. , Kiuchi H. , Takezawa K. , Imanaka T. , Kuribayashi S. , Okada K. , Inagaki Y. , Ueda N. , Fukuhara S. , Imamura R. , Negoro H. , Nonomura N.
Published: February 2022

Nocturnal polyuria is the most frequent cause of nocturia, a common disease associated with a compromised quality of life and increased mortality. Its pathogenesis is complex, and the detailed underlying mechanism remains unknown. Herein, we report that concomitant intake of a high-salt diet and reduced nitric oxide (NO) production achieved through Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) administration in mice resulted in nocturnal polyuria recapitulating the clinical features in humans. High salt intake under reduced NO production overactivated the angiotensin II-SPAK (STE20/SPS1-related proline–alanine-rich protein kinase)-NCC (sodium chloride co-transporter) pathway in the kidney, resulting in the insufficient excretion of sodium during the day and its excessive excretion at night. Excessive Na excretion at night in turn leads to nocturnal polyuria due to osmotic diuresis. Our study identified a central role for the intrarenal angiotensin II-SPAK-NCC pathway in the pathophysiology of nocturnal polyuria, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic target.
A machine learning inversion scheme for determining interaction from scattering
Authors: Chang Ming-Ching , Tung Chi-Huan , Chang Shou-Yi , Carrillo Jan Michael , Wang Yangyang , Sumpter Bobby G. , Huang Guan-Rong , Do Changwoo , Chen Wei-Ren
Published: February 2022

Small angle scattering techniques have now been routinely used to quantitatively determine the potential of mean force in colloidal suspensions. However the numerical accuracy of data interpretation is often compounded by the approximations adopted by liquid state analytical theories. To circumvent this long standing issue, here we outline a machine learning strategy for determining the effective interaction in the condensed phases of matter using scattering. Via a case study of colloidal suspensions, we show that the effective potential can be probabilistically inferred from the scattering spectra without any restriction imposed by model assumptions. Comparisons to existing parametric approaches demonstrate the superior performance of this method in accuracy, efficiency, and applicability. This method can effectively enable quantification of interaction in highly correlated systems using scattering and diffraction experiments.
The Molecular Tumor Board Portal supports clinical decisions and automated reporting for precision oncology
Authors: Tamborero David , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Rachid Maan Haj , Boekel Jorrit , Lopez-Fernandez Adria , Jonsson Markus , Razzak Ali , Braña Irene , De Petris Luigi , Yachnin Jeffrey , Baird Richard D. , Loriot Yohann , Massard Christophe , Martin-Romano Patricia , Opdam Frans , Schlenk Richard F. , Vernieri Claudio , Masucci Michele , Villalobos Xenia , Chavarria Elena ,   Cancer Core Europe consortium, Anand Shubha , Baars Danny , Bajalica-Lagercrantz Svetlana , Baird Richard , Bierkens Mariska , Blomqvist Lennart , Bono Costanza , De Petris Luigi , Doherty Gary J. , Forest Arnauld , Fornerone Valentina , Gabaldi Paola , Haglund Felix , Hartman Johan , Horak Peter , Jutzi Tanja , Kasanicki Mary , Kreutzfeldt Simon , Le Cornet Lucian , Lewensohn Rolf , Lindberg Johan , Lopez Carlos , Lundqvist Andreas , Martin Jose-Ezequiel , Meijer Gerrit , Muñoz Susana , Camus Maud Ngo , Nicotra Claudio , Nuciforo Paolo , Oberrauch Petra , Östling Päivi , Pelz Laura , Piris-Gimenez Alejandro , Provenzano Elena , Rouleau Etienne , Rowell John , Saavedra Omar , Scoazec Giovanni , Seamon Kenneth , Tischkowitz Marc , van der Kolk Lizet , van der Noll Ruud , Vieito Maria , Vis Daniel , Vivancos Ana , von Gertten Christina , Wennborg Anders , Wessels Lodewyk , Wirta Valtteri , Balmaña Judith , Apolone Giovanni , Caldas Carlos , Bergh Jonas , Ernberg Ingemar , Fröhling Stefan , Garralda Elena , Karlsson Claes , Tabernero Josep , Voest Emile , Rodon Jordi , Lehtiö Janne
Published: February 2022

There is a growing need for systems that efficiently support the work of medical teams at the precision-oncology point of care. Here, we present the implementation of the Molecular Tumor Board Portal (MTBP), an academic clinical decision support system developed under the umbrella of Cancer Core Europe that creates a unified legal, scientific and technological platform to share and harness next-generation sequencing data. Automating the interpretation and reporting of sequencing results decrease the need for time-consuming manual procedures that are prone to errors. The adoption of an expert-agreed process to systematically link tumor molecular profiles with clinical actions promotes consistent decision-making and structured data capture across the connected centers. The use of information-rich patient reports with interactive content facilitates collaborative discussion of complex cases during virtual molecular tumor board meetings. Overall, streamlined digital systems like the MTBP are crucial to better address the challenges brought by precision oncology and accelerate the use of emerging biomarkers.
Ultrasensitive ratiometric fluorescent probes for Hg(ii) and trypsin activity based on carbon dots and metalloporphyrin via a target recycling amplification strategy
Authors: Huang Shan , Yao Jiandong , Ning Gan , Li Bo , Mu Pingping , Xiao Qi
Published: February 2022

A ultrasensitive ratiometric fluorescent probe was developed for Hg(ii) and trypsin based on CDs and TPPS via a target recycling amplification strategy. The detection limits of Hg2+ and trypsin were 0.086 nM and 0.013 ng mL−1.
Mie scattering from optically levitated mixed sulfuric acid–silica core–shell aerosols: observation of core–shell morphology for atmospheric science
Authors: McGrory Megan R. , Shepherd Rosalie H. , King Martin D. , Davidson Nicholas , Pope Francis D. , Watson I. Matthew , Grainger Roy G. , Jones Anthony C. , Ward Andrew D.
Published: February 2022

Sulfuric acid is shown to form a core–shell particle on a micron-sized, optically-trapped spherical silica bead.
Weak nuclear spin singlet relaxation mechanisms revealed by experiment and computation
Authors: Kharkov Boris , Duan Xueyou , Rantaharju Jyrki , Sabba Mohamed , Levitt Malcolm H. , Canary James W. , Jerschow Alexej
Published: February 2022

Nuclear spin singlet states are often found to allow long-lived storage of nuclear magnetization, which can form the basis of novel applications in spectroscopy, imaging, and in studies of dynamic processes.
Angstrom-scale ion channels towards single-ion selectivity
Authors: Zhang Huacheng , Li Xingya , Hou Jue , Jiang Lei , Wang Huanting
Published: February 2022

This review summarizes angstrom-scale ion channels with 0D–3D pore structures and their charge, mono/divalent, and single-ion selectivities and potential applications.
Towards automation of operando experiments: a case study in contactless conductivity measurements
Authors: Kraus Peter , Wolf Elisabeth H. , Prinz Charlotte , Bellini Giulia , Trunschke Annette , Schlögl Robert
Published: February 2022

Automation of experiments is a key component on the path of digitalization in catalysis and related sciences.
Technologies for measuring red blood cell deformability
Authors: Matthews Kerryn , Lamoureux Erik S. , Myrand-Lapierre Marie-Eve , Duffy Simon P. , Ma Hongshen
Published: February 2022

Advances in microfluidic technologies for measuring red blood cell deformability have surpassed traditional methods in terms of sensitivity, throughput, and ease of use. This review describes, compares, and covers applications of these technologies.
A silver-functionalized metal–organic framework with effective antibacterial activity
Authors: Wu Ya-Meng , Zhao Pei-Chen , Jia Bin , Li Zhe , Yuan Shuai , Li Cheng-Hui
Published: February 2022

A metal–organic framework with alkene-functional groups was constructed and postsynthetically modified with Ag(i) for antibacterial applications.
Assessment of greenness for the determination of voriconazole in reported analytical methods
Authors: Chanduluru Hemanth Kumar , Sugumaran Abimanyu
Published: February 2022

This report assessed the greenness profiles of various determination methods for voriconazole in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms using various assessment tools. The types of solvents utilized in the analysis were examined as well.
Defects in graphene-based heterostructures: topological and geometrical effects
Authors: Fan Lei , Xu Jin , Hong Yihong
Published: February 2022

The combination of graphene (Gr) and graphene-like materials provides the possibility of using two-dimensional (2D) atomic layer building blocks to create unprecedented architectures.
Crosslinking of dialdehyde heparin: a new strategy for improving the anticoagulant properties of porcine acellular dermal matrix
Authors: Feng Rongxin , Dan Nianhua , Chen Yining , Dan Weihua
Published: February 2022

Dialdehyde heparin containing cross-linking active aldehyde groups was prepared by sodium periodate oxidation. It was used as a cross-linking agent and the anticoagulant performance of modified porcine acellular dermal matrix was much improved.
Three-dimensional CoOOH nanoframes confining high-density Mo single atoms for large-current-density oxygen evolution
Authors: Tang Lei , Yu Liang , Ma Chao , Song Yao , Tu Yunchuan , Zhang Yunlong , Bo Xin , Deng Dehui
Published: February 2022

This work reports that via confining high density of 16 wt% single Mo atoms into the lattice of CoOOH nanosheets and simultaneously fabricating robust nanoframes of the nanosheets, an unprecedented large-current-density OER activity is achieved.
Spatiotemporal vitrimerization of a thermosetting polymer using a photo-latent catalyst for transesterification
Authors: Park Jinyoung , Song Hyeong Yong , Choi Subi , Ahn Suk-kyun , Hyun Kyu , Kim Chae Bin
Published: February 2022

Spatiotemporal conversion from a thermoset to a processable vitrimer was achieved by incorporating a photo-active catalyst into an otherwise thermoset, activating network exchanges only after light exposure and subsequent heating.
Anomalies in the bulk and surface electronic properties of SnS: effects of native defects
Authors: Dahule Rohit , Singh Chetan C. , Hongo Kenta , Maezono Ryo , Panda Emila
Published: February 2022

A combinatorial approach of experiment and theory was used to investigate the defect induced bulk and surface electrical properties of SnS.
Ultrafast charge transfer and carrier dynamics in a WS2/MoSe2 few-layer van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Bian Ang , Fu Shaohua , Wang Pengzhi , Zhao Kun , He Jiaqi , Zhang Xiaoxian , He Dawei , Wang Yongsheng , Zhao Hui
Published: February 2022

Photocarrier dynamics including interlayer charge transfer and intralayer valley scattering are studied in a heterostructure formed by trilayer WS2 and MoSe2.
Z-Scheme photocatalytic solar-energy-to-hydrogen conversion driven by the HfS2/SiSe heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Chun-Fang , Yang Chuan-Lu , Wang Mei-Shan , Ma Xiao-Guang
Published: February 2022

The feasibility and efficiency of photocatalytic solar-energy-to-hydrogen conversion via a direct Z-scheme driven by a HfS2/SiSe heterostructure are investigated by employing first-principles hybrid functional theory.
Temporal changes in the brain lipidome during neurodevelopment of Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome mice
Authors: Li Amy , Hines Kelly M. , Ross Dylan H. , MacDonald James W. , Xu Libin
Published: February 2022

Lipidomics revealed relative temporal changes in lipid abundances in mouse brains during embryonic development and differentially expressed brain lipids between wild-type and Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome mice.
Mechanism of darunavir binding to monomeric HIV-1 protease: a step forward in the rational design of dimerization inhibitors
Authors: Ahsan Mohd , Pindi Chinmai , Senapati Sanjib
Published: February 2022

Binding of Darunavir (DRV) to HIV protease (HIVPR) monomer.
Porous organic polymers as a platform for sensing applications
Authors: Wang Shitao , Li Hongtao , Huang Huanan , Cao Xiaohua , Chen Xiudong , Cao Dapeng
Published: February 2022

Sensing analysis is significantly important for human health and environmental safety. In this review, POPs used as platforms for various sensing applications have been summarized and discussed.
Microfluidic point-of-care device for detection of early strains and B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus
Authors: Lim Jongwon , Stavins Robert , Kindratenko Victoria , Baek Janice , Wang Leyi , White Karen , Kumar James , Valera Enrique , King William Paul , Bashir Rashid
Published: February 2022

Additively manufactured plastic cartridges and low-cost optical reader system to successfully detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus from saliva samples within 30 min.
The use of electrostatic potential at nuclei in the analysis of halogen bonding
Authors: Krishnapriya Vilakkathala U. , Suresh Cherumuttathu H.
Published: February 2022

Molecular electrostatic potential data at interacting nuclei provide strong evidence of bond formation in many intermolecular halogen bonded complexes.
Structural characterization and luminescence properties of trigonal Cu(i) iodine/bromine complexes comprising cation–π interactions
Authors: Yin Xiaolin , Liu Chunmei , Liu Shuang , Cao Mengmeng , Rawson Jeremy M. , Xu Yan , Zhang Bin
Published: February 2022

Trigonal copper(i) complexes comprising cation–π interactions achieve satisfactory photoluminescence properties.
NixP and Mn3O4 dual co-catalysts separately deposited on a g-C3N4/red phosphorus hybrid photocatalyst for an efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Mao Qinyi , Li Dandan , Dong Yuming
Published: February 2022

Through a two-step photo-deposition, reductive and oxidative non-noble co-catalysts separately deposited and facilitated a HER enhancement of 12.4.
Dual-channel recognition of Al3+ and Cu2+ ions using a chiral pyrene-based fluorescent sensor
Authors: Matsuura Yuki , Asami Masatoshi , Ito Suguru
Published: February 2022

Specific recognition between Al3+ and Cu2+ has been achieved based on the new mechanism of Cu2+ detection by pyrene dimerization.
Compensation effect of electron traps for enhanced fluorescence intensity ratio thermometry performance
Authors: Zuo Zhi-Han , Jiang Song-Lin , Zhang Zhi-Hao , Liang Jinhui , Li Junhao , Liu Zhao-Qing , Chen Yibo
Published: February 2022

A significant enhancement effect of electron traps on the optical thermometry performance in ZnGa2O4:Mn is demonstrated by experimental and calculation results.
Visible-light-promoted radical amidoarylation of arylacrylamides towards amidated oxindoles
Authors: Wang Yu-Zhao , Lin Wu-Jie , Liu Hong-Chao , Yu Wei
Published: February 2022

A visible-light-promoted radical amidation/cyclization of arylacrylamides was realized by usingN-aminopyridinium salts as the source of amidyl radicals. A variety of amide-tethered-oxindoles were prepared in this way in moderate to good yields.
Revisiting aromatic diazotization and aryl diazonium salts in continuous flow: highlighted research during 2001–2021
Authors: Chen Jianli , Xie Xiaoxuan , Liu Jiming , Yu Zhiqun , Su Weike
Published: February 2022

Aryl diazonium salts play an important role in chemical transformations; however their explosive nature limits their applications in batch.
Regulatory spine RS3 residue of protein kinases: a lipophilic bystander or a decisive element in the small-molecule kinase inhibitor binding?
Authors: Shevchenko Ekaterina , Pantsar Tatu
Published: February 2022

In recent years, protein kinases have been one of the most pursued drug targets. These determined efforts have resulted in ever increasing numbers of small-molecule kinase inhibitors reaching to the market, offering novel treatment options for patients with distinct diseases. One essential component related to the activation and normal functionality of a protein kinase is the regulatory spine (R-spine). The R-spine is formed of four conserved residues named as RS1–RS4. One of these residues, RS3, located in the C-terminal part of αC-helix, is usually accessible for the inhibitors from the ATP-binding cavity as its side chain is lining the hydrophobic back pocket in many protein kinases. Although the role of RS3 has been well acknowledged in protein kinase function, this residue has not been actively considered in inhibitor design, even though many small-molecule kinase inhibitors display interactions to this residue. In this minireview, we will cover the current knowledge of RS3, its relationship with the gatekeeper, and the role of RS3 in kinase inhibitor interactions. Finally, we comment on the future perspectives how this residue could be utilized in the kinase inhibitor design.
Systematic Review of Discourse and Social Communication Interventions in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Lê Karen , Coelho Carl , Fiszdon Joanna
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

This study reviewed the current state of discourse and social communication interventions in traumatic brain injury (TBI) to provide clinically focused guidance about treatment efficacy, treatment approaches by TBI severity, treatment components, and treatment outcome measures.

Method:

Searches were conducted in five electronic databases and reference lists of topical articles for discourse or social communication interventions in TBI published between 2012 and 2021. Search terms reflected three concepts: TBI, treatment, and cognitive-communication. Studies were evaluated for methodological quality using rating scales specific to study design.

Results:

Seven hundred sixty-seven records were identified, culminating in 21 studies for qualitative synthesis. All approaches resulted in improvement posttreatment, but durability and strength of evidence varied. Five treatment components were identified as “essential” for fostering change. Discourse approaches were generally more effective in mild-to-moderate TBI, whereas social communication approaches were more effective in moderate-to-severe TBI. Communication outcome measures were generally more sensitive to change than measures of other domains of functioning.

Conclusions:

The evidence suggests that discourse and social communication treatments are promising for improving communication in TBI. Selection of treatment components and tailoring treatment to the individual are important clinical considerations. Use of at least two proximal outcome measures that evaluate the target behavior and extent of functional generalization may be advantageous. The field would benefit from additional, more rigorous treatment studies to provide a greater understanding of how best to treat cognitive-communicative impairments in people with TBI.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19233516
Feeling Thrown for a Loop? The Effects of Inferencing on Spoken Language Idiom Comprehension in Autism
Authors: Martelle Stefanie N. , Namazi Mahchid
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this review is to illuminate the connection between inferential skills and spoken language idiom comprehension (SLIC) with a focus on autism. Idioms are frequently occurring figurative expressions, such as feeling blue, on cloud nine, and all tied up, that have literal and nonliteral meanings.

Method:

In this review article, an overview of SLIC is provided, highlighting the importance of inferential skills and other pertinent factors and theories contributing to idiom acquisition in autistic children. The search criteria used included peer-reviewed journal articles from 1982 to 2021 to synthesize both seminal and current research on this topic. Though some articles selected for this review did not focus on idioms in spoken language, they were deemed necessary for analyzing various aspects impacting idiom development and comprehension.

Results:

Research shows that figurative language differences are a hallmark feature of autism, causing idioms to be interpreted literally. Occurring in everyday spoken and written language, idiom comprehension is essential for adequate communication in daily interactions. Poor inferential abilities directly impact SLIC and have negative implications on social and academic outcomes. Several factors contributing to SLIC have been highlighted in the literature, including transparency (semantic analyzability), familiarity, and context.

Conclusions:

The comparable skills underpinning inferential comprehension and SLIC raise the argument that SLIC is incumbent upon intact inferential abilities. As such, autistic children will benefit from utilizing inference from context to deduce idiomatic meanings. Future directions for research and recommendations for improving SLIC in clinical practice are offered.
Carbon emission flow oriented multitasking multi‐objective optimization of electricity‐hydrogen integrated energy system
Authors: Wei Xiang , Sun Yuxin , Zhou Bin , Zhang Xian , Wang Guibin , Qiu Jing
Published: February 2022

A grid‐connected electricity‐hydrogen integrated energy system (EH‐IES) is proposed here for the cooperative analysis of electricity, heat, cooling and hydrogen energy flows, where carbon emission flow (CEF) is introduced to allocate the carbon emission. Simultaneously, an improvement multitasking multi‐objective optimization (MT‐MOO) algorithm is applied to optimize the operation of this EH‐IES. The proposed EH‐IES optimizes the operational cost, carbon dioxide emission and energy loss while considering the uncertainties of future energy demand, wind and photovoltaic (PV) power outputs. The CEF model is introduced here to allocate the carbon emission among the EH‐IES, which can calculate the carbon emission in the energy flow. In order to solve the MOO model, a MT‐MOO algorithm is proposed to utilize the implicit information of different optimization tasks. However, there are harmful interactions between the different optimization tasks when the relativity between different optimization tasks is low. Therefore, the paper introduces an online learning random mating probability method which calculates the transformation extent of implicit information online between different optimization tasks. Simulation results show that the proposed EH‐IES has good feasibility and efficiency, and the proposed algorithm has better convergence performance than comparing intelligence algorithms.
Optimal parameter space for detecting stellar differential rotation and centre-to-limb convective variations
Authors: Roguet-Kern N. , Cegla H. M. , Bourrier V.
Published: February 2022

The reloaded Rossiter–McLaughlin method allows us to probe variations in the stellar surface by resolving spectra from the regions that are occulted by a planet as it transits. The goal of this paper is to investigate the optimal parameters space for using this technique to detect differential rotation (DR) and centre-to-limb convective variations. We simulated a star–planet system with and without convective effects to map the optimal regions of the parameter space for retrieving the injected differential rotation. Our simulations explored all possible ranges of projected obliquity (spin-orbit angle), stellar inclination, and impact parameter, as well as differences in instrumental configuration, stellar magnitude, and exposure time. We find that DR is more easily retrieved at low-impact parameters, corresponding to system configurations in which the transiting planet crosses the largest number of stellar latitudes. The main hot-spots for detection (i.e. areas in which DR detectability is high) are 120° < |λ| < 180° for ì* < 90° and |λ| < 60° for ì* > 90° on average, and they tend to shrink as the impact parameter increases. Additionally, in contrast to the crucial impact of brightness, we identify that exposure time has a negligible impact on the difficulty of detecting DR as the increase in signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) at longer exposure times is counteracted by the degraded sampling rate. We determine that an ESPRESSO-like setup of instrumental configuration and sensitivity might retrieve DR up to V = 12, compared to V = 10 for HARPS. We reach no clear conclusion about limb-dependent convective effects and the possible confusion with DR; preliminary results suggest, however, that under certain circumstances, while it seems that one effect could be mistaken for the other, the accuracy of the fit (in particular of α) does not hold up under additional scrutiny.
First neutrino interaction candidates at Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Ariga Tomoko
Published: February 2022

The FASERν pilot detector observed the first neutrino interaction candidates at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), opening a new avenue for studying neutrinos from current and future high-energy colliders.
Quantum fluids at work: Superconductivity and superfluid helium at the large hadron collider
Authors: Lebrun Philippe , Tavian Laurent
Published: February 2022

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN makes use of superconductivity and superfluid helium cryogenics on an unprecedented scale. We review the application of these technologies to the particle collider and explain how they contribute to its unique performance.