bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges posed to the traceability of weaner pigs following live auction
Authors: Sithole F , Toribio J , Schembri N , Holyoake PK
Published: March 2009

Objectives   To gather demographic data on live pig sales through a peri‐urban saleyard in Camden, New South Wales, and to demonstrate the difficulties in tracing the subsequent movements of pigs, particularly weaner pigs.

Procedure   Records of pig sales held weekly at the Camden saleyards for the 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 financial years were analysed. Saleyard data on a number of variables were entered into a purpose‐designed database. Distributions of pig sales according to pig class (weaner/porker/baconer/backfatter), purchaser type (butcher/non‐butcher), and transaction type (cash/account) were determined.

Results   More weaners (3192 in 2003/2004 and 3940 in 2004/2005) were sold than any other class of pig, accounting for 45% of the total pigs sold during this period. During 2003/2004, 3802 pigs were bought by 329 non‐butcher purchasers including 1631 weaners (43%) purchased by 153 non‐butchers (47%). The majority of these non‐butchers during the study period (86%) paid cash for their pigs and did not provide the necessary information to allow the end destination of pigs to be determined. Location data was available for all vendors but only 25% of purchasers.

Conclusions   This study highlights the challenges posed in tracing movement of pigs following sale by auction. A high proportion of weaners sold at this peri‐urban saleyard would not have been slaughtered immediately. This study highlights the potential difficulties in tracing pig movements after sale, for disease control purposes. We recommend that legislation be amended requiring the identification of weaner pigs sold live at auction in all states of Australia and the recording of the property identification code of all vendors and purchasers of pigs sold live at auction.
Strategic use of crutching and dicyclanil to protect unmulesed sheep against breech strike
Authors: James PJ , Cramp AP , Winkleman J , Mcphie R , Brown GW
Published: March 2009

Objective   To test strategies for the application of dicyclanil and mid‐season crutching to maximise protection of unmulesed sheep against breech strike.

Procedure   Three hundred and eighty unmulesed Merino weaners were randomly allocated to four groups either left untreated or treated by different strategies with 50 g/L dicyclanil. Treatments included breech treatment alone and breech plus body treatment, with two application times, immediately after shearing and 6 weeks after crutching or shearing. To assess protection, larval implants with newly hatched Lucilia cuprina larvae were applied to 10 different sheep from each group at 3, 4, 5 and 6 months after crutching and shearing and assessed for the development of strike at 48 hours. The concentration of dicyclanil was measured in wool samples clipped from the breeches of the test sheep.

Results   All dicyclanil treatments gave significant reduction in strike in comparison to controls up until 4 months after crutching but protection in the sheep treated immediately after shearing had waned at 5 months. Treating at 6 weeks after crutching provided significant reduction (P < 0.05) in strike for 6 months. Results for strike incidence immediately after shearing and concentration of dicyclanil in the breech wool also suggested improvements in protection by delaying treatment for 6 weeks.

Conclusion   In most environments it should be possible to protect unmulesed sheep against breech strike with a carefully planned integrated control program incorporating strategically timed crutching, shearing and dicyclanil application. Delaying treatment with dicyclanil to at least 6 weeks after shearing or crutching increased the protection provided in comparison to treatment immediately after shearing.
VIRTUAL PROPERTIES OF CYCLICALLY PINCHED ONE-RELATOR GROUPS
Authors: BAUMSLAG GILBERT , FINE BENJAMIN , MILLER CHARLES F. , TROEGER DOUGLAS
Published: March 2009

We prove that the amalgamated product of free groups with cyclic amalgamations satisfying certain conditions are virtually free-by-cyclic. In case the cyclic amalgamated subgroups lie outside the derived group such groups are free-by-cyclic. Similarly a one-relator HNN-extension in which the conjugated elements either coincide or are independent modulo the derived group is shown to be free-by-cyclic. In general, the amalgamated product of free groups with cyclic amalgamations is free-by-(torsion-free nilpotent). The special case of the double of a free group amalgamating a cyclic subgroup is shown to be virtually free-by-abelian. Analagous results are obtained for certain one-relator HNN-extensions.
Parabronchial angioarchitecture in developing and adult chickens
Authors: Makanya A. N. , Djonov V.
Published: March 2009

The avian lung has a highly sophisticated morphology with a complex vascular system. Extant data regarding avian pulmonary angioarchitecture are few and contradictory. We used corrosion casting techniques, light microscopy, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy to study the development, topography, and distribution of the parabronchial vasculature in the chicken lung. The arterial system was divisible into three hierarchical generations, all formed external to the parabronchial capillary meshwork. These included the interparabronchial arteries (A1) that ran parallel to the long axes of parabronchi and gave rise to orthogonal parabronchial arteries (A2) that formed arterioles (A3). The arterioles formed capillaries that participated in the formation of the parabronchial mantle. The venous system comprised six hierarchical generations originating from the luminal aspect of the parabronchi, where capillaries converged to form occasional tiny infundibular venules (V6) around infundibulae, or septal venules (V5) between conterminous atria. The confluence of the latter venules formed atrial veins (V4), which gave rise to intraparabronchial veins (V3) that traversed the capillary meshwork to join the interparabronchial veins (V1) directly or via parabronchial veins (V2). The primitive networks inaugurated through sprouting, migration, and fusion of vessels and the basic vascular pattern was already established by the 20th embryonic day, with the arterial system preceding the venous system. Segregation and remodeling of the fine vascular entities occurred through intussusceptive angiogenesis, a process that probably progressed well into the posthatch period. Apposition of endothelial cells to the attenuating epithelial cells of the air capillaries resulted in establishment of the thin blood-gas barrier. Fusion of blood capillaries proceeded through apposition of the anastomosing sprouts, with subsequent thinning of the abutting boundaries and ultimate communication of the lumens. Orthogonal reorientation of the blood capillaries at the air capillary level resulted in a cross-current system at the gas exchange interface.
Combined Application of 17-Estradiol and Progesterone Enhance Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Surfactant Protein Expression in Cultured Embryonic Lung Cells of Mice
Authors: Trotter Andreas , Kipp Markus , Schrader Roland Matthias , Beyer Cordian
Published: March 2009

Preterm delivery is associated with disruption of the placental supply with 17-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P). The aim is to evaluate the role of E2 and P on the regulation of key proteins in lung development in embryonic lung cells. Alveolar cell type II (AT-II) and central lung fibroblast cultures were established from mouse embryos. Cells were exposed for 24 hours to E2 and/or P, the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182.780 (ICI) and the progesterone receptor antagonist mifepristone (RU 486). The mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and surfactant protein B and C (SB-B, SB-C) was determined, and protein levels of VEGF were measured. Only the combined treatment with E2 and P increased mRNA expression and VEGF protein in AT-II cells and lung fibroblasts. Combined treatment also promoted SP-B and SP-C expression in AT-II cells. Pretreatment with ICI and RU 486 completely abolished the E2 and P induced effects. E2 and P enhanced expression of VEGF and surfactant proteins in primary embryonic lung cells and may be involved in regulating expression of key molecules for the prenatal lung development and postnatal lung function.
Substance P Increases Cell-Surface Expression of CD74 (Receptor for Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor): In Vivo Biotinylation of Urothelial Cell-Surface Proteins
Authors: Meyer-Siegler Katherine L. , Xia Shen-Ling , Vera Pedro L.
Published: March 2009

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an inflammatory cytokine, and its receptor CD74 are upregulated by bladder inflammation. MIF-mediated signal transduction involves binding to cell-surface CD74, this study documents, in vivo, MIF-CD74interactions at the urothelial cell surface. N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide biotin ester-labeled surface urothelial proteins in rats treated either with saline or substance P (SP, 40 μg/kg). The bladder was examined by histology and confocal microscopy. Biotinylated proteins were purified by avidin agarose, immunoprecipitated with anti-MIF or anti-CD74 antibodies, and detected with strepavidin-HRP. Only superficial urothelial cells were biotinylated. These cells contained a biotinylated MIF/CD74 cell-surface complex that was increased in SP-treated animals. SP treatment increased MIF and CD74 mRNA in urothelial cells. Our data indicate that intraluminal MIF, released from urothelial cells as a consequence of SP treatment, interacts with urothelial cell-surface CD74. These results document that our previously described MIF-CD74 interaction occurs at the urothelial cell surface.
Fourteen-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study of Positive and Negative Symptoms in Chronic Schizophrenic Patients Dying from Suicide Compared to Other Causes of Death
Authors: Loas Gwenolé , Azi Amine , Noisette Carole , Legrand Alain , Yon Valérie
Published: March 2009

Background: Several trials have suggested that negative symptoms are inversely correlated with suicidal risk in schizophrenic patients. This fourteen-year follow-up study compared the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients who died from suicide to those of subjects dying from other causes. Sampling and Methods: From 1991 to 1995, 150 patients meeting the research diagnostic criteria for chronic schizophrenia were assessed. On inclusion, they completed the Physical Anhedonia Scale as well as the Beck Depression Inventory, and the positive and negative symptoms were rated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Results: During the 14-year follow-up, 8 patients committed suicide, while 17 died from other causes. The suicide victims had a shorter duration of illness and a higher level of education compared to those who died from other causes. The proportion of ‘negative’ subjects, according to the composite index of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, was lower among the suicide victims than among the participants who died from other causes. All these differences were significant. The rate of deficit syndrome (0%) among the suicides was lower than that (23.5%) of the other subjects. The scores on the Physical Anhedonia Scale and of the social withdrawal item of the Beck Depression Inventory were higher in the suicides than in the subjects who died from other causes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that negative symptoms and notably deficit-negative symptoms could be associated with a low risk of suicide. In this study, the link between anhedonia and high risk of suicide in schizophrenic patients indicates that this symptom could be more closely related to depression than to negative symptoms.
Overexpression of Human 15(
S
)-Lipoxygenase-1 in RAW Macrophages Leads to Increased Cholesterol Mobilization and Reverse Cholesterol Transport
Authors: Weibel Ginny L. , Joshi Michelle R. , Alexander Eric T. , Zhu Peijuan , Blair Ian A. , Rothblat George H.
Published: March 2009

Objective—

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO-1) on cholesterol mobilization from macrophages.

Methods and Results—

Overexpression of human 15-LO-1 in RAW mouse macrophages led to enhanced cholesterol efflux, increased cholesteryl ester (CE) hydrolysis, and increased reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Efflux studies comparing 15-LO-1 overexpressing cells to mock-transfected RAW macrophages resulted in a 3- to 7-fold increase in cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-I and a modest increase in efflux to HDL. Additional experiments revealed an increase in mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in the RAW expressing 15-LO-1 compared to controls. Efforts to examine whether the arachidonic acid metabolite of 15-LO-1, (15
S
)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), was responsible for the enhanced efflux revealed this eicosanoid metabolite did not play a role. Enhanced steryl ester hydrolysis was observed in 15-LO-1 overexpressing cells suggesting that the CE produced in the 15-LO-1 expressing cells was readily mobilized. To measure RCT, RAW macrophages overexpressing 15-LO-1 or mock-transfected cells were cholesterol enriched by exposure to acetylated low-density lipoprotein and [
3
H]-cholesterol. These macrophages were injected into wild-type animals and RCT was measured as a percent of injected dose of
3
H appearing in the feces at 48 hours. We found 7% of the injected
3
H in the feces of mice that received macrophages overexpressing 15-LO-1 and 4% in the feces of mice that received mock-transfected cells.

Conclusions—

These data are consistent with a model in which overexpression of human 15-LO-1 in RAW macrophages promotes RCT through increased CE hydrolysis and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux.
Cordycepin interferes with 3′ end formation in yeast independently of its potential to terminate RNA chain elongation
Authors: Holbein Sandra , Wengi Agnieszka , Decourty Laurence , Freimoser Florian M. , Jacquier Alain , Dichtl Bernhard
Published: March 2009

Cordycepin (3′ deoxyadenosine) is a biologically active compound that, when incorporated during RNA synthesis in vitro, provokes chain termination due to the absence of a 3′ hydroxyl moiety. We were interested in the effects mediated by this drug in vivo and analyzed its impact on RNA metabolism of yeast. Our results support the view that cordycepin-triphosphate (CoTP) is the toxic component that is limiting cell growth through inhibition of RNA synthesis. Unexpectedly, cordycepin treatment modulated 3′ end heterogeneity of ACT1 and ASC1 mRNAs and rapidly induced extended transcripts derived from CYH2 and NEL025c loci. Moreover, cordycepin ameliorated the growth defects of poly(A) polymerase mutants and the pap1-1 mutation neutralized the effects of the drug on gene expression. Our observations are consistent with an epistatic relationship between poly(A) polymerase function and cordycepin action and suggest that a major mode of cordycepin activity reduces 3′ end formation efficiency independently of its potential to terminate RNA chain elongation. Finally, chemical-genetic profiling revealed genome-wide pathways linked to cordycepin activity and identified novel genes involved in poly(A) homeostasis.
Length of geodesics on a two-dimensional sphere
Authors: Nabutovsky Alexander , Rotman Regina
Published: March 2009

Let $M$ be an arbitrary Riemannian manifold diffeomorphic to $S^2$.
Let $x,y$ be two arbitrary points of $M$. We prove that for every
$k=1,2,3,\ldots$ there exist $k$ distinct geodesics between $x$ and $y$
of length less than or equal to $(4k^2-2k-1)d$, where $d$ denotes the
diameter of $M$. To prove this result we demonstrate that for every Riemannian metric
on $S^2$ there are two (not mutually exclusive) possibilities: either
every two points can be connected by many ``short" geodesics of index
$0$, or the resulting Riemannian sphere can be swept-out by ``short
meridians".
Arithmetic fake projective spaces and arithmetic fake Grassmannians
Authors: Prasad Gopal , Yeung Sai-Kee
Published: March 2009

In a recent paper we have classified fake
projective planes. Natural higher dimensional generalization of
these surfaces are arithmetic fake ${\bf P}^{n-1}_{C}$, and
arithmetic fake ${\bf Gr}_{m,n}$. In this paper we show that
arithmetic fake ${\bf P}^{n-1}_{C}$ can exist only if $n = 3,\,
5$, and an arithmetic fake ${\bf Gr}_{m,n}$ can exist, with $n>3$ odd,
only if $n = 5$. Here we construct four distinct arithmetic fake ${\bf
P}^4_{C}$, and four distinct fake arithmetic ${\bf Gr}_{2,5}$.
Furthermore, we use certain results and computations of [PY] to
exhibit five irreducible arithmetic fake ${\bf P}^2_{C}\times {\bf
P}^2_{C}$. All these are connected smooth (complex projective)
Shimura varieties.
Rigidity of Schottky sets
Authors: Bonk Mario , Kleiner Bruce , Merenkov Sergei
Published: March 2009

We call the complement of a union of at least three disjoint (round)
open balls in the unit sphere ${\Bbb S}^n$ a Schottky set. We prove
that every quasisymmetric homeomorphism of a Schottky set of
spherical measure zero to another Schottky set is the restriction
of a M\"obius transformation on ${\Bbb S}^n$. In the other direction we
show that every Schottky set in ${\Bbb S}^2$ of positive measure admits
nontrivial quasisymmetric maps to other Schottky sets. These results
are applied to establish rigidity statements for convex subsets of
hyperbolic space that have totally geodesic boundaries.
Towards the singular locus of the space of arcs
Authors: Reguera Ana J.
Published: March 2009

We give a theory on the space of arcs $X_\infty$
of a singular variety $X$, based on the finiteness property of the
stable points of $X_\infty$. We also show how computations can be
made in this theory. As a consequence, we obtain a process of
determining invariants of $X$ from its space of arcs $X_\infty$,
and from its spaces of wedges (arcs in the space of arcs). More
precisely, we give two concepts of regularity for the stable
points of $X_\infty$, and we show that we have regularity in
codimension $1$, and for all stable points of the space of arcs of
a curve. As another application, we show concrete examples, obtained
from the spaces of arcs, of Noetherian $1$-dimensional local rings
which are analytically
ramified.
Existence and regularity of monotone solutions to a free boundary problem
Authors: De Silva Daniela
Published: March 2009

We investigate existence and regularity properties
of one-phase free boundary graphs, in connection with the question
of whether there exists a complete nonplanar free boundary graph
in high dimensions.
Plasticity and Elasticity in Freud's Beyond the Pleasure Principle
Authors: Malabou Catherine
Published: March 2009

Because he introduces a nonplastic element in his definition of the plasticity of mental life—that is, elasticity—Freud ruins the possibility of thinking what he precisely wishes to think, the plastic coincidence between creation and destruction of form. The characterization of the death drive as “elastic” deprives it of its plastic power and of its capacity to resist the pleasure principle. If we are not able to prove that the destruction of form has and is a form, if form is always on the side of Eros and of pleasure, it becomes impossible to prove that there is anything beyond the pleasure principle.
The persistence of empire
Authors: Bromwich David
Published: March 2009

The resolution required to get out of an imperial or a humanitarian-improvement occupation is not different in kind
from the heave of the will required for getting in. The problem is that getting in was made possible by a morale of
entitlement that speaks the language of self–sacrifice and decency; this one-way bridge of excuses is still in place
when the moment comes for getting out. If the choice to invade and occupy were actually derived from conscience,
our duties might be revised once the mission was shown to be riddled with atrocities. Yet the occupying power will
always be hampered by the emotion of conviction that drove it to attack in the first place.
Accentuating the negative
Authors: Greenberg David
Published: March 2009

Last September, when the presidential race was close, Barack Obama tried to quell a flap in the news media over
what he had intended as a routine jibe. “You can put lipstick on a pig,” Obama had said of the claim that picking Sarah
Palin as his running-mate showed John McCain to be a reformer. “It’s still a pig.”
Barraged with accusations of sexism, Obama eventually took time out at a campaign stop to address the swelling
controversy. “They seize on an innocent remark,” he fulminated, in apparent bewilderment, “try to take it out of context, throw out
an outrageous ad because they know it’s catnip for the news media.”
No redemption song: The Case of Bill Ayers
Authors: Casey Leo
Published: March 2009

The 2008 election was historic on many counts, but one of the more significant developments was the decisive defeat of the politics of smear and fear. As the campaign wore on, and the prospects of the McCain-Palin candidacy appeared increasingly bleak, the Republicans turned to an old playbook, one that had been used to much positive effect over the last decade. In recent elections, the patriotism and good names of Democratic war hero candidates, from John Kerry to Max Cleland, had been impugned so successfully that a neologism for such smears—to “swift boat”—was coined out of the assault on Kerry. The fears that arose out of the September 11 attacks were exploited to defend a failed war of choice in Iraq, with the claims that this adventure was the “front” in the war on terrorism and that those who criticized it were “soft” on terrorism. So when Sarah Palin accused Barack Obama of “palling around with a terrorist,” and John McCain demanded the “truth” of his connections with an “old, washed-up terrorist,” they were invoking tried-and-true tactics that echoed over a century of electoral “scares” from the right, harking back to fear of turn-of-the-twentieth century anarchism and the “red scare” of the 1920s.
Big tent, uneasy coalition
Authors: Steinfels Margaret O’Brien
Published: March 2009

During the presidential campaign, Barack Obama and John McCain were invited to Rick Warren’s Saddleback Church
for back-to-back conversations about where they stood on issues important to Warren and his conservative
evangelical congregation. “Pastor Rick,” as Obama addressed him, asked a question that could have upended the
Obama campaign: “At what point does a baby get human rights, in your view?” Obama understood that this question
was about abortion, and his immediate reply was somewhat evasive: “Whether you’re looking at it from a theological
perspective or a scientific perspective, answering that question with specificity, you know, is above my pay grade.”
The Last Page
Authors: Ellingson Neil
Published: March 2009

I recently had a conversation with a new acquaintance who works at a hedge fund. Excited by the opportunity to talk to someone on the “inside” of the crisis, I peppered him with questions, trying to avoid any particulars about what happened to him on the frontlines of the financial meltdown. Admittedly, beneath my mostly innocent intentions was a thin layer of schadenfreude . The question that yielded the most illuminating response was the simplest. I wanted to know what someone working at a hedge fund actually did . Deflating my working theory of hedge fund research involving ceiling-high stacks of reports on companies, he explained that his job was mostly mathematics. “It’s pure numbers—I look for patterns and write computer programs to pick investments that resemble those patterns.” He added a bizarre analogy: “Basically, it’s my job to predict who will be the next Oprah. I don’t need to interview every little girl; I look at Oprah’s demographic profile and bet on all the little girls that have similar profiles.”
The ascent of Niall Ferguson
Authors: Engler Mark
Published: March 2009

Nestled in the acknowledgments at the end of Niall Ferguson’s new “financial history of the world” lies a sentence that is as remarkable as it is nonchalant. “Like my last three books,” the historian writes, “The Ascent of Money was from its earliest inception a television series as well as a book.” He goes on to express gratitude to collaborators at both Great Britain’s Channel 4 and America’s PBS. This is a gracious and appropriate thing to do. Given that few other academics on the planet would ever need to offer such thanks, it is also an indication of the extraordinarily charmed career that the still-young professor has led thus far.
Europe’s divided Left
Authors: Taylor Robert
Published: March 2009

Europe has plunged into its severest economic recession since before the Second World War, with rising
unemployment, plant closures, and a public expenditure squeeze as the financial system falters. The political
challenge this sets for the European left looks daunting and is complicated by the growing divisions and rivalries
inside its own ranks, as still small but increasingly significant radical socialist left parties are emerging in many
European countries. These parties, complete with populist appeals, threaten the capacity of mainstream social
democracy to renew itself.
Don’t blame the socialists: A Response to Sheri Berman
Authors: Barkan Joanne
Published: March 2009

Sheri Berman has written an exhortation to the “present day” democratic socialist left in the “Western world” to get
over “the loss of its vision of a postcapitalist society,” to stop denigrating efforts to reform capitalism, and to begin
agitating for social democratic policies, such as affordable health care, government-supported job retraining, and
investment in education (“Unheralded Battle: The Left, Social Democracy, and Democratic Socialism, Dissent, Winter
2009). For Berman, the left will go on failing to respond to political challenges unless democratic socialists start to act
like social democrats. My jaw drops. Didn’t democratic socialists begin doing that decades ago? In the United States,
haven’t they by now provided many hundreds, perhaps thousands, of troops and leaders to the labor movement,
health care reform, and public education? When is the last time a democratic socialist said, “I won’t support public day
care because it will delay the collapse of capitalism”?
Études de réception et littérature de jeunesse: quelques aspects spécifiques
Authors: Nières-Chevrel Isabelle
Published: March 2009

La littérature de jeunesse présente un cas particulier aux études de réception. Plus qu’une autre, cette littérature est en effet soumise à diverses manipulations – traductions non identifiées comme telles, œuvres amputées et remaniées, suppressions ou ajouts d’illustrations – qui soulignent sa fragilité. Ces pratiques, abordées diachroniquement à partir d’une série d’exemples canoniques ( Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland notamment), sont les indices d’un transfert culturel qui repose sur les normes de ce qu’éditeurs et traducteurs français considèrent comme “un bon texte pour enfants”.
Réception, imagologie, mythocritique: problématiques croisées
Authors: Chevrel Yves
Published: March 2009

Questionnant l’articulation de trois notions fondamentales dans la réflexion comparatiste, l’étude met en évidence comment l’imagologie et la mythocritique relèvent d’une approche de type “idéologique” (interrogation de “l’altérité” et de “l’héritage identitaire”), tandis que les études de réception s’attachent au devenir des œuvres dans des aires culturelles différentes. Un croisement des approches et des méthodes est toutefois envisageable, comme en témoignent les exemples ici présentés.
Revues littéraires et études comparatistes de réception
Authors: Hermetet Anne-Rachel
Published: March 2009

L'étude des revues littéraires et de leur rôle dans la diffusion des littératures étrangères offre des possibilités de recherche particulièrement fécondes pour l'analyse des modalités du transfert culturel et du discours qui l'accompagne. En s'appuyant sur des travaux antérieurs portant sur des revues françaises, anglaises et italiennes, l'article revient sur les questions que soulève la constitution d'un corpus international de revues et formule des propositions méthodologiques pour son exploitation.
Des perspectives de recherches pour les études de réception
Authors: Mortier Daniel
Published: March 2009

À la fois rétrospective et prospective, cette contribution établit tout d’abord l’intérêt d’enquêtes de terrain qui permettent d’analyser la réception d’œuvres littéraires par des lecteurs ou des spectateurs réels. Dans un second temps centré sur les exemples du roman d’éducation et du théâtre brechtien, il s’agit de montrer la validité d’une approche menée selon l’esthétique de la réception et en particulier de la notion d’ “indetermination” (Ingarden, Iser).
Donatism Revisited: Moderates and Militants in Late Antique North Africa
Authors: Kaufman Peter Iver
Published: March 2009

The little we know about the relationships between moderate and militant Donatists in the late fourth and early fifth centuries tells us more about the opposition that both groups stirred among the Caecilianists. What follows is an effort to reenter the Caecilianists’ polemic to discover what we can learn about Donatism and its critics, chiefly Augustine, by reading the evidence with some useful conclusions drawn from the study of more recent religious violence.
What Have Elephants to Do with Sixth-Century Politics?: A Reappraisal of the “Official” Governmental Dossier of Cassiodorus
Authors: Bjornlie Shane
Published: March 2009

This study offers a reappraisal of the Variae that demonstrates how Cassiodorus compiled his letter collection as an epistolary apologetic that was responsive to the political vulnerability of the Italian bureaucracy after the fall of the Ostrogothic court at Ravenna. Cassiodorus’ letters sought to illustrate the moral suitability of Italian bureaucrats, particularly their suitability to resume palatine service after the conclusion of the Gothic war, by depicting a specific kind of legal traditionalism as a guiding principle of bureaucratic culture at Ravenna. By emphasizing the confluence of concepts of law and nature, Cassiodorus appealed to the sensitivities of the eastern bureaucracy of Constantinople, from which he sought to win support. In order to bring this theme into proper focus, this article also considers the relationship between the Variae and Cassiodorus’ De Anima , which supplies critical evidence for how readers of the Variae should understand the moral qualities of bureaucratic corporatism. By reading the Variae and De Anima as a thematically integrated whole, one may appreciate Cassiodorus’ epistolary collection as a carefully staged historical and moral model for a community of the bureaucratic elite.
Ammianus Marcellinus: The Allusive Historian (review)
Authors: Frakes Robert M.
Published: March 2009

Presses are encouraged to submit books dealing with Late Antiquity for consideration for review to any of JLA ’s four Book Review Editors: Michael Kulikowski ( mkulikow@utk.edu ); Richard Lim ( rlim333@comcast.net ); Hagith Sivan ( helenasivan@yahoo.com ); and Dennis Trout ( troutd@missouri.edu ).
Why Did the Barbarian Cross the Rhine?
Authors: Heather Peter
Published: March 2009

On the last day of 406 a large coalition of barbarian groups crossed the Rhine. No surviving contemporary source tells us why. Two recent studies have accepted that large numbers of outsiders were involved in the action, but whereas I argued in 1995 that further westward movement on the part of the nomadic Huns was the likeliest trigger of the bigger crisis, Walter Goffart and Guy Halsall have suggested that divisions between the two halves of the western empire and/or an effective withdrawal of Roman power from the northwest encouraged the invasions. In the absence of direct evidence, all attempts to understand the crisis must take the form of argued hypothesis, and there is certainly room for more than one point of view. But all hypotheses must be judged on their capacity to account for the entirety of the evidence, and this study argues that because the first of these attacks (Radagaisus) affected Italy rather than the Rhine, then any withdrawal from the northwest (for which the evidence is weak) cannot have been the trigger. Likewise, although division between east and west certainly affected what happened afterward, it is an insufficient explanation for the original invasions, because the vast majority of the invaders who emerged from the middle Danubian region between 405 and 408 had not been living there in the fourth century. Any convincing explanation of the crisis also must account for what had brought large numbers of Alans, Goths, and Vandals west of the Carpathians in the first place, before they then invaded the Roman Empire. It is argued here that a desire on their part to escape the Hun-generated chaos and predation remains the best overall explanation.
“Carmina autem quaecumque in laudem dei dicuntur hymni vocantur” (Isidore of Seville, De ecclesiasticis officiis 1.6)
Authors: Richter Michael
Published: March 2009

In his Confessions, Augustine describes how in 386, prior to his baptism, he was deeply moved by the singing of hymns in the church of Ambrose in Milan. He also reports that the singing of hymns was a recent innovation inspired by eastern examples. His account makes clear that singing entailed emotional dimensions in addition to the eschatological message of the words proper. Because singing had been important in Jewish services as well as in pre-Christian Roman religion, its introduction into the Christian church can be considered as a concession to pre-Christian cultural practices, which caused Jerome to make clear that he did not approve. With reference to passages in Augustine and other near contemporary authors and attention to the technical meaning of terms such as “dicere,” “loqui,” and “canere,” it is argued here that there was great disagreement in the western church in Late Antiquity as to the way hymns should be performed, and that the views of Augustine have been followed too uncritically by modern writers.
'Your Ensaumple and Your Mirour': Hoccleve's Amplification of the Imagery and Intimacy of Henry Suso's Ars Moriendi
Authors: Rozenski Steven
Published: March 2009

Thomas Hoccleve makes several changes to his source text in his early-fifteenth-century English verse translation of Dominican Henry Suso's fourteenth-century Latin Ars Moriendi . Most noteworthy is the terminology surrounding the personification of Death: in Suso this alternates between imago and similitudo while Hoccleve refers simply to 'th'ymage'. Hoccleve's translation uses more homely and imagistic terms in order to force the reader into a closer affective identification with the figure of the dying man. This textually-produced intimacy furthers the larger social-rehabilitative project of the Series . Rather than a crude translation of Suso, Hoccleve's text is a subtle, profound Middle English contribution to the Ars Moriendi genre.
Past, Present, Future Perfect: Paradigms of History in Medievalism Studies
Authors: Dell Helen
Published: March 2009

Brian Helgeland's film, A Knight's Tale , is usually taken to exemplify a paradigm of desire compatible with a capitalist narrative of continuous acquisition and achievement. In the film, another form of desire is evident, however, at odds with the capitalist narrative. Helgeland has introduced elements of that paradigm of desire usually termed courtly love, based on the deferral or renunciation of satisfaction. These elements appear to have been drawn from one of the seminal narratives of courtly love, Chrétien de Troyes' Lancelot . Since the study of a medieval or a medievalist text always involves a kind of historiography, a comparison of these two texts, viewed in the light of psychoanalytic understandings of desire and the history of desire, offers a way of investigating theories of history which underpin medievalism studies.
Repetition and Revision in Shakespeare's Tragic Love Plays
Authors: McInnis David
Published: March 2009

Shakespeare's cynical handling of tragic love in Troilus and Cressida (1602) has confounded critics, given the tenderness of its precursor – Chaucer's medieval romance. However, six years before Troilus and Cressida , Shakespeare had already experimented with tragic love ( Romeo and Juliet , 1596). Significantly, Shakespeare used precisely the same source for this earlier experiment (Ann Thompson has identified Chaucer as a subsidiary source for Romeo and Juliet ). Analyzing instances in Troilus and Cressida in which Shakespeare recycled and revised those motifs from Chaucer which he had already used in Romeo and Juliet helps ascertain whether previous uses of Chaucerian material affected Shakespeare's reuse of it in the later, darker play.
Deconstruction and the Medieval Indefinite Article: The Undecidable Medievalism of Brian Helgeland's A Knight's Tale
Authors: D'Arcens Louise
Published: March 2009

Studies in medievalism have made inroads into questioning the forensic impulse to restore, know, and possess the medieval past. And yet many of these studies continue to exhibit anxiety about anachronism within medievalist texts, and persist in privileging the medieval 'original' as the 'transcendental signified' that determines what is permissible in medievalist adaptations. By examining Brian Helgeland's provocatively anachronistic film A Knight's Tale , we gain insight into the residual Platonism within studies of medievalist film, which continue to evaluate these films' fidelity to a medieval zeitgeist . A deconstructive approach to Helgeland's film, however, allows us to challenge the devaluation of the medievalist text and to treat both medieval and medievalist texts as co-originary collaborators in the process of meaning-making.
Horizontal‐Flow Biofilm Reactors for the Removal of Carbon and Nitrogen from Domestic‐Strength Wastewaters
Authors: Rodgers Michael , Clifford Eoghan
Published: March 2009

This study investigated the performance of a horizontal‐flow biofilm reactor in treating domestic‐strength synthetic wastewater (SWW) under three hydraulic and chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rates (phases 1 to 3) ranging from 152 L/m 2 · d and 58.9 g COD/m 2 · d to 497 L/m 2 · d and 192.7 g COD/m 2 · d, respectively; the rates were based on the top surface plan area (TSPA) of the reactor. The reactor comprised a stack of 30 horizontal polystyrene sheets. The SWW, intermittently dosed onto the unit, flowed over and back along sequential sheets in the stack before exiting at the bottom of the unit.  Maximum average removals of >98% biochemical oxygen demand and 96.2% total ammonium‐nitrogen (NH 4‐N) were observed. The TSPA COD and NH 4‐N removal rates were high for all phases. The unit provides a high‐performance, economic, low‐maintenance, and flexible alternative for removing carbon and ammonium from low‐flow point sources.
The end of software engineering and the start of economic-cooperative gaming
Authors: Cockburn Alistair
Published: March 2009

"Software engineering" was introduced as a model for the field of software development in 1968. This paper, reconsidering that model in the light of four decades of experience, finds it lacking in its ability to explain project success and failures, predict important issues in running projects and help practitioners formulate effective strategies on the fly. An alternative underlying model for software development is presented: Software development as a series of resource-limited, goal-directed cooperative games of invention and communication. The primary goal of each game is the production and deployment of a software system; the residue of the game is a set of markers to assist the players of the next game. People use markers and props to remind, inspire and inform each other in getting to the next move in the game. The next game is an alteration of the system or the creation of a neighboring system. Each game therefore has as a secondary goal to create an advantageous position for the next game. Since each game is resource-limited the primary and secondary goals compete for resources. The cooperative-game model provides the benefits that the software engineering model misses: It raises to the proper priority level issues crucial to successful software projects; it explains how teams with messy-looking processes sometimes outperform others with tidier processes; and it helps busy practitioners decide how to respond to unexpected situations. Finally, it is seen that much of engineering in the general belongs in the category of resource-limited cooperative games.
A method and a tool for rapid prototyping of large-scale business information systems
Authors: Milosavljevic Gordana , Perisic Branko
Published: March 2009

This paper presents a method and concepts of a supporting tool for rapid prototyping of large-scale business information systems. Our method is based on the following guidelines: (1) small team of highly skilled members with combined skills, (2) prototype-based development of subsystems and the system as a whole, (3) brainstorming sessions always involving system analysts database and application designers, and user representatives (if needed), and (4) application generator providing for efficient prototype development by maximum automation of all design phases. The also presented application generator (AppGen) is based on standardization of functional and visual characteristics of an application, a library of high-level, coarse grained components, and a set of rules for model-to-application mapping enabling automatic application reconfiguration in case of changes in the data model.
Pulsed laser treatment of gold and black gold thin films fabricated by thermal evaporation
Authors: NovotnÃ½ Michal , Fitl PÅ™emysl , Sytchkova Anna , BulÃ­Å™ JiÅ™Ã­ , Lanaok Jan , Pokorna Petr , Najdek David , Boan Jia
Published: March 2009

The effect of pulsed laser treatment of metal, and metal blacks, was studied. Gold and black gold thin films were fabricated by thermal evaporation of gold in a vacuum and nitrogen atmosphere respectively. Black gold films were grown in a nitrogen atmosphere at pressures of 200 Pa and 300 Pa. UV pulsed laser radiation (Î» = 266 nm, Ï„ = 4 ns), with fluence ranging from 1 mJÂ·cmâˆ’2 to 250 mJÂ·cmâˆ’2 was used for the film treatment in a vacuum and nitrogen atmosphere. The nitrogen pressure was varied up to 100 kPa. Surface structure modifications were analyzed by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used for chemical characterization of the samples. A significant dependence of the film optical and structural properties on laser treatment conditions (laser fluence, ambient pressure and number of applied pulses) was found. The threshold for observable damage and initiation of changes of morphology for gold and black gold surfaces was determined. Distinct modifications were observed for fluences greater than 106 mJÂ·cmâˆ’2 and 3.5 mJÂ·cmâˆ’2 for the gold and black gold films respectively. Absorbtivity of the black gold film is found to decrease with an increase in the number of laser pulses. Microstructural and nanostructural modifications after laser treatment of the black gold film were observed. EDX analysis revealed that no impurities were introduced into the samples during both the deposition and laser treatment.
Orientation relationship and interfaces in Ni and Co-YSZ cermets prepared from directionally solidified eutectics
Authors: Larrea Angel , Laguna-Bercero Miguel , PeÃ±a JosÃ© , Merino Rosa , Orera VÃ­ctor
Published: March 2009

Textured Ni-YSZ and Co-YSZ (YSZ: cubic yttria stabilized zirconia) cermets prepared by reduction of directionally solidified NiO-YSZ and CoO-YSZ oxide eutectics respectively display a self-organized microstucture formed by âˆ¼400 nm wide alternating lamellae of YSZ and porous metal suitable for electrochemical applications. The electrochemical properties of the cermets depend on their microstructure. We have analyzed the orientation relationships and interfaces both of the oxide composites and cermets using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-ray pole figures and Electron Back-Scattering Diffraction. In spite of the similar crystal structure, growth habits and orientation relationships of NiO-YSZ and CoO-YSZ are different. Also the crystallographic behaviour, when cermets are produced, differs. However the metal-YSZ interfaces are about the most stable ones giving good metal-ceramic adhesion. Due to their lamellar microstructure and good metal-ceramic adhesion these composites present long-term stability at working conditions, which makes them good candidates to be used as anodes in solid oxide fuel cells or electrolyzers.
Theoretical modelling of surface phonons
Authors: Srivastava Gyaneshwar , TÃ¼tÃ¼ncÃ¼ Huseyin
Published: March 2009

We present a mini review of progress made towards theoretical modelling of surface phonons. We outline the essential ingredients of two theoretical methods, viz. an adiabatic bond charge method for semiconductor surfaces and the ab-initio density-functional perturbation method for solid surfaces in general. From the results of theoretical calculations we establish trends and criteria for the existence of localized phonon modes on group-IV(001) and III-V(110) semiconductor surfaces. We further obtain signatures of characteristic vibrational modes which develop during dissociative molecular adsorption on Si(001) surfaces. The results are compared with available experimental measurements. Some remarks are forwarded regarding manipulation of surface phonon modes for scientific advances and technological applications.
Adjectival and Generic Pragmatism: Problems and Possibilities
Authors: Eldridge Michael
Published: March 2009

Adjectival and Generic Pragmatism: Problems and Possibilities

While honoring the suggestion that one should always use an adjective with "pragmatism," I explore the possibility of a generic use of the term, contending that an orientation to habit or revisable practice is a useful indicator.
Back to the Concrete: A Pragmatist Response to Oppression
Authors: Morse Donald
Published: March 2009

Back to the Concrete: A Pragmatist Response to Oppression

Pragmatism is a vital tool for society today, both because it addresses our more pressing social problems and because it advances beyond other available solutions. As a good deal of recent European philosophy has shown, as in the cases of Adorno and Agamben, for example, our social life is mediated by abstractions that oppress us. With its focus on the immediacy of experience, pragmatism enables us to overcome these abstractions and return to concrete life in a liberating way. I argue against Agamben, however, that the return to concrete life amounts to anarchism. I show that it leads to liberalism instead, along the lines laid out by Dewey in Liberalism and Social Action, in which freed individuality is compatible with the exercise of social intelligence and planning.
Rortyian Hope
Authors: Sanders Mark
Published: March 2009

Rortyian Hope

This is a paper about Richard Rorty's notion of hope, and the role that it plays in breaking down Rorty's public/private distinction, and connecting philosophy to politics. The argument that philosophy can be engaged in and with the social-political world is one that is coherent with Rorty's position if philosophy is understood as striving towards its goals with a sense of contextualism and fallibilism. Placing Rorty within the tradition of the classic pragmatists, James and Dewey, I will argue that pluralism can and should serve as a contextual foundation for liberalism. Through an examination and analysis of Rorty's liberal ironist and anti-foundationalism, I will explore how Rortyian hope can be understood as socially and politically transformative, transforming our conception of knowledge from one based on certainty to one based on fallibility.