bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of the Academic Research Consortium High Bleeding Risk Criteria in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Single Center Study
Authors: Inan Duygu , Yumurtas Ahmet C. , Simsek Barıs , Palice Ali , Efendioglu Eyüp M. , Yuksel Gizem , Korkmaz Betul , Vatanoglu Elif G. , Güngör Barış , Karabay Can Y.
Published: October 2022

We assessed the ability of predicting mortality and total in-hospital bleeding and adverse outcomes by the Academic Research Consortium High Bleeding Risk (ARC-HBR) criteria in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). A total of 1441 STEMI patients were recruited: HBR group 354 (25%) patients and non-HBR group of 1087 (75%) patients. A total of 131 patients (9%) had a bleeding complication during hospitalization. The bleeding complications were also categorized according to other conventional bleeding scores. According to these conventional scores, all bleeding categories were associated with HBR. In univariate logistic regression analysis, female gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension (HT) and HBR were associated with in-hospital bleeding. However, in multivariable analysis only HT (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.528, 95% CI 1.020–2.290; P = .040) and HBR (OR 1.612, 95% CI 1.075–2.428; P = .022) independently predicted total in-hospital bleeding complications. Hospital duration was longer and mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with HBR (OR 8.755, 95% CI 5.864–13.074; P < .01). The ARC-HBR criteria may predict in-hospital bleeding events and adverse outcomes in STEMI patients undergoing pPCI.
Investigation of the effect of nanoparticles on wood-bioplastic composite behavior using the acoustic emission method
Authors: Karami Samira , Khamedi Ramin , Azizi Hamed , Ahmadi Najafabadi Mehdi
Published: October 2022

Acoustic emission (AE) is a non-destructive method capable of detecting various fracture micromechanisms in composite materials. Discrimination of AE signals associated with various fracture modes is of interest when utilizing this technique. Thus, this paper investigates the identification of AE signal processing wavelet packet transform (WPT) failure mechanisms in wood-bioplastic nanocomposites. To this end, nanocomposites with different compositions were prepared and tested according to the ASTM D638 standard. AE signals were collected during the experiment, and analyzed by various methods. The fast Fourier transform method was used to analyze the fracture of polymers and wood and determine the frequency range of fracture. Additionally, a time-frequency analysis of the AE signal generated by the WPT was performed. The energy distribution criterion was employed to determine the main components of the various damage micromechanisms. The results reveal distinct types and percentages of failure micromechanisms in various composites. This method examined the effect of nanoparticles on the matrix’s tensile strength. The scanning electron microscopy method was used to study the morphology of composites and mechanism of failure. The phase composition of the produced materials was examined with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results demonstrated the proposed techniques show a good performance in computational damage discrimination.
Research and development for sorghum and millets in Sub-Saharan Africa: What have we learned?
Authors: Orr Alastair , Weltzien Eva , Rattunde Fred
Published: October 2022

The past two decades of R & D for sorghum and millets in SSA have generated a wealth of new evidence. A synthesis of this evidence identified six strategic lessons. These were that demand is not being driven by ‘new uses’, that plant breeding programmes need to respond to African farmer's contexts and objectives to increase impact, that availability is a bigger constraint on the supply of certified seed than physical or economic access, that higher adoption of improved varieties does not generally result in higher yields, that technology and varietal diversity can compensate for climate change, and that commercialisation can be gender – and socially inclusive. R & D in Africa differs from the Indian model because of the low level of commercialisation and the continued dominance of own consumption. Consequently R & D gives a dominant role to the public sector in plant breeding, to farmer organisations and groups in seed supply, and to prioritising household food security over commercial uses.
Embedding Evidence-Based Policing (EBP): A UK case study exploring organisational challenges
Authors: Selby-Fell Helen , Newton Andrew
Published: October 2022

This paper explores organisational challenges of embedding ‘Evidence-Based Policing’ (EBP) using a mixed methods design sampled across a range of ranks/roles, in a case study UK police force. Key organisational constraints identified include limited awareness of/access to research evidence, lack of resources, capability concerns, and challenges related to organisational culture and leadership. Organisational constraints were disproportionately experienced by lower ranking officers and staff, and senior officers were not fully cognisant of these challenges. There is a need to better equip officers and staff of all ranks to engage with EBP and address the identified organisational challenges.
Addiction-Prone Personality and Creative Cognitive Styles: A Moderated Mediation Model of Novelty Seeking and Depression Tendency
Authors: Li Yadan , Zhang Lingling , Yang Yilong , Xiang Shuoqi , Hu Weiping
Published: October 2022

This study attempted to examine the mechanism of the impact of Addiction-Prone Personality (APP) on creative cognitive styles (idea generation, idea selection), especially to explore the mediating role of novelty seeking and the moderating role of depression tendency on the relationship between APP and creative cognitive styles. College students ( N = 576, 79% female) participated in and completed measures of APP, idea generation and selection, novelty seeking, and depression tendency. Results showed that (1) APP was positively related with idea generation while negatively related with idea selection; (2) novelty seeking played a partial mediating role in the relationship between APP and idea generation and a suppressing effect between APP and idea selection; (3) depression tendency moderated the indirect relationship between APP and creative cognitive styles through novelty seeking. Therefore, APP has different indirect effects on idea generation and idea selection via novelty seeking. When there was a higher depression tendency, there was a stronger indirect effect. The study highlights the significant importance of the underlying processes between APP and creative cognitive styles and offers implications for rethinking the relationship between addiction and creativity.
Differential Effects of Functioning on the Career Development of Individuals with Disabilities
Authors: Brehmer Chelsea E. , Strauser David R. , Shen Sa , Phillips Brian N. , Kosciulek John F. , Austin Bryan S.
Published: October 2022

Individuals with disabilities experience disproportionate rates of unemployment and underemployment when compared to individuals without disabilities. Furthermore, health functioning impacts career development and employment across multiple life contexts. To build on what is known regarding the relationships between functioning and career development, this study focuses on delineating how varying aspects of functioning differentially impact specific areas of career development. Based on data collected from 674 individuals with disabilities in the United States this study investigated the relationship between individual health functioning and the following three core components of career development: vocational identity, work personality, and work adjustment. Findings illuminate important differences across dimensions of functioning that impact career development. Results suggest that a multidimensional approach to career development would be most efficacious in supporting the functioning of individuals with disabilities.
Simulation of disequilibrium and chaos in aggregates of disposable income, wealth, and consumption in EU macroeconomics using nonlinear dynamic analysis
Authors: Sindik Damir V , Kašćelan Vladimir , Kašćelan Ljiljana
Published: October 2022

Economic disequilibrium theory (DT) more realistically represents modern macroeconomic systems than general equilibrium theory. DT coupled with applied mathematical economics and nonlinear dynamical analysis generates multi-dimensional phase spaces. Interdependencies of endogenous variables in state space create a flow of different and “parallel economic realities,” which depend on the initial conditions. By modeling variable changes using the nonlinear least squares (NLLS) method, we define the first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NODE) system. The NODE system is impossible to solve analytically. The numerical solution and visualization requires the MATLAB software package, combined with its specialized applications pplane (two-dimensional (2D)) and MATCONT (three-dimensional (3D)). By analyzing the evolution of flow operators, we can predict the future qualitative behavior of the entire system, determine the model-optimal values, and perform inverse modeling for variables. The obtained data advocate better and more stable macroeconomic paths that economic policymakers can pursue. The proposed methodology’s boundaries have strong links to chaos theory. Chaotic behavior can arise after a certain number of periods. We found very high computation accuracy, transformation of discrete variables to continuous functions, and the implementation of high-order polynomial data fitting offset its effects in part and to some reasonable degree.
Evaluation of the influence of three-dimensional printing conditions on peel resistance and surface roughness of flexible polymer-textile composites
Authors: Cheung Tin C , Choi Sun Y
Published: October 2022

Extensive fashion and textiles research have adopted fused filament fabrication in three-dimensional printing. However, much research has dedicated itself to experimenting with rigid materials that lack the capability to mimic conventional textile-like garments. The commercialization of thermoplastic polyurethane/elastomers have posed greater potentials for developing flexible polymer-textile composites. Such materials will enable the creation of ergonomically designed textiles with optimized flexibility and elasticity aimed for garments. This study examines the influence of polymers, textile surface roughness, and nozzle temperature on peel resistance and polymer coefficient of friction/surface roughness. T-peel tests (ISO 11339:2022), cross-sectional microscopic image analysis, and a KES-FB4-A surface tester were used to evaluate the surface quality and peel resistance between polymer-textile assemblies. Our results revealed thermoplastic-polyurethane-knitted combinations to demonstrate superior peel resistance owing to knitted structure’s pore structure and thermoplastic polyurethane’s lower melting temperature. Moreover, a significant increase in peel strength was found at 260°C (above recommended printing temperature) in thermoplastic-polyurethane-knitted fabrics at 3.24 N/mm. While the coefficient of friction remained similar, a rougher surface quality was discovered at higher temperatures in thermoplastic polyurethane at 3.85 μm warp/4.35 μm weft. In thermoplastic elastomer, the roughest surface was found at 240°C measuring 3.65 μm warp/3.37 μm weft. This study fills a lack of research into flexible polymer-textile composites by suggesting parameters for achieving an equilibrium between optimal adhesion and polymer layer surface quality.
‘The gates of paradise are open’: Contesting and producing publicness in the Brussels metro through fare evasion
Authors: Sträuli Louise , Kębłowski Wojciech
Published: October 2022

Drawing on the example of the metro in Brussels, we examine public transport as a public space. We uncover how the conception of the metro and its fare system reflects an idealisation of public transport that conflicts with the daily experiences and structural inequalities among its users, manifested, in part, in fare evasion. We explore this practice through qualitative interviews, observational studies and analysis of online evader platforms. In contrast with existing research, we recognise fare evasion as a complex practice that challenges and shapes the publicness of public transport through knowledge exchange, solidarity building, social encounters and a redefinition of social norms.
Heat, cold and climatic determinism in China’s urban epidemics
Authors: Chee Liz PY , Zou Dongxin , Clancey Gregory
Published: October 2022

‘Thermal governance’ has been discussed elsewhere as the regulation of temperature through infrastructure, technology and social and political organisation. We extend it here to include a subtle and heretofore under-recognised element of public health: the governance of recent urban epidemics by the Chinese state. The SARS epidemic of 2002–2003 in Guangzhou and more markedly the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan triggered massive emergency responses by public health authorities which differed from previous strategies in more fully activating the state health sector known in China as Chinese Medicine ( zhongyi) and outside China as Traditional Chinese Medicine. With this enlistment comes a body of theory and practice which makes meteorology central to diagnostic and prescriptive processes, and reinforces as part of state discourse the long-standing Chinese cultural understanding of ‘heat’ as an internal micro-climatic element transcending temperature.
Mayoral Control and School Superintendents: Lessons from Japan
Authors: Aoki Eiichi , Henig Jeffrey R.
Published: October 2022

Background/Context:

Since the early 1990s, the United States has been witnessing reforms in large, high-visibility cities, with mayors granted the power to appoint school boards, superintendents, or both. This shift away from elected school board governance has been characterized as marginalizing traditional educators and ushering in reforms that traditional educators oppose. On the other hand, Japan’s experience with mayoral control of schools is nationwide and longer-lived. In 1956, mayors were given authority to appoint members of the school board, and in 2015 they were given further authority to appoint school superintendents.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study:

This study analyzes whether Japanese mayors appoint superintendents whose backgrounds make them likely to challenge the education establishment and introduce dramatic educational reforms. We provide some early evidence on how mayors have been using their new powers and how they interact with the superintendents they select.

Research Design:

We used data from nationwide surveys conducted by the Japanese government to map the broad pattern of superintendent characteristics over time as well as for a sampling framework to identify and select a smaller number of superintendents to be interviewed for obtaining in-depth information. Semistructured interviews of six superintendents were conducted to delve more deeply into the relationship between mayors and superintendents, and the communication between the superintendents and the school board members in Japan. To triangulate the interview data, transcripts of school board meetings, city council meetings, election bulletins (official campaign manifestos), demographic data, and national test scores of students were collected from 2015 to 2019.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

We identified important differences between the United States and Japan. Rather than aligning with the reform-oriented mayors against school boards and education bureaucracies, the Japanese mayor-appointed superintendents act as mediators between the mayors and the school boards. The difference may be that, in the United States, only mayors who sought mayoral control had the right to appoint school superintendents, whereas in Japan the national government gave all mayors the right to appoint superintendents, regardless of the political context.
Role of Cognitive Control in Psychotherapy: An Integrated Review
Authors: Kashyap Himani , Mehta Urvakhsh Meherwan , Reddy Rajakumari P. , Bharath Rose Dawn
Published: October 2022

Background:

Cognitive control (CC), including shifting, updating, and inhibiting functions, may play an integral role in various aspects of psychotherapy; however, research on this is limited. This review aims to link the disparate lines of evidence on CC as they relate to psychotherapy processes, techniques, and outcomes.

Methods:

A systematic search of the literature on neuropsychological domains relating to psychotherapy in adults with anxiety/depression yielded 18 eligible studies. The review also uses a narrative format to explore other potential links between CC and psychotherapy that are underinvestigated, and highlights the need for research and application to evidence-based practice of psychotherapy.

Results and conclusions:

Findings suggest that CC may predict psychotherapy outcomes and also improve as a function of psychotherapy. Analog sample studies suggest a possible link between CC and techniques for regulation of cognition and emotion, such as reappraisal, mindfulness, and cognitive restructuring. CC may also play an integral role in the regulation of behavior. Study of CC in the context of psychotherapy may potentially explain individual differences in psychotherapy outcomes and mechanisms of action of various psychotherapy techniques and processes. Such an understanding may have possible implications for “best fit” matching clients to therapies and modifying psychological interventions to account for poorer CC abilities. CC may be enhanced through training and further research is warranted on the impact of such training in facilitating better long-term psychotherapy outcomes.
Predictors of job crafting in SMEs working in an ICT-based mobile and multilocational manner
Authors: Hyrkkänen Ursula , Vanharanta Outi , Kuusisto Hannele , Polvinen Kirsi , Vartiainen Matti
Published: October 2022

This article extends the discussion of the predictors of job crafting to include small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) working in an information and communication technologies (ICT)-based mobile and multilocational manner. Based on a survey ( N = 412) conducted in 43 Finnish SMEs, the job and personal resources-related predictors of approach and avoidance types of job crafting were analysed. From job resources, co-working, multilocality, the resources in the physical work environment, useful ICT and social support predicted the approach types of job crafting. Intrinsic motivation, relatedness and feeling competent as personal resources activated the approach types of job crafting. Drawing on background variables, being a younger firm activated job crafting. Avoidance type of job crafting was predicted positively by the resources in the physical work environment. This article suggests that knowledge about the predictors of job crafting encourages SMEs to activate this practice among its personnel.
Race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psychedelic use (MDMA/ecstasy and psilocybin) and major depressive episodes
Authors: Jones Grant M
Published: October 2022

Background:

Psychedelics are receiving renewed attention within Western medicine as they represent potential treatments for many difficult-to-treat mental health disorders. However, psychedelic science is limited in its focus and inclusion of racial and ethnic minorities. Hence, this study examines whether race and ethnicity moderate the associations that naturalistic 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)/ecstasy use and psilocybin use share with major depressive episodes (MDEs).

Method:

Data for this project are from The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2005–2019). Participants were adults aged 18 years and older (unweighted N  = 596,187). This study used multivariable logistic regression to test the interaction between race and ethnicity and MDMA/ecstasy use and psilocybin use for predicting lifetime, past year, and past year severe MDEs.

Results:

Race and ethnicity significantly moderated the associations between MDMA/ecstasy use and psilocybin use and MDEs. For White participants, MDMA/ecstasy use and psilocybin use each were associated with lowered odds of all three MDE outcomes (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) range: 0.82–0.92). For Hispanic participants, MDMA/ecstasy use and psilocybin use each conferred lowered odds of only a past year MDE (MDMA/ecstasy aOR: 0.82; psilocybin aOR: 0.79). For Non-Hispanic Racial Minority participants, MDMA/ecstasy and psilocybin use did not confer lowered odds of any MDE outcomes.

Conclusion:

Race and ethnicity have an impact on the associations that psychedelics share with mental health outcomes. Future research should explore the impact of identity and discrimination on the effects of psychedelics and should explore whether these substances can serve as effective treatments for minorities when used in culturally informed contexts.
Blended Survival Curves: A New Approach to Extrapolation for Time-to-Event Outcomes from Clinical Trials in Health Technology Assessment
Authors: Che Zhaojing , Green Nathan , Baio Gianluca
Published: October 2022

Background

Survival extrapolation is essential in cost-effectiveness analysis to quantify the lifetime survival benefit associated with a new intervention, due to the restricted duration of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Current approaches of extrapolation often assume that the treatment effect observed in the trial can continue indefinitely, which is unrealistic and may have a huge impact on decisions for resource allocation.

Objective

We introduce a novel methodology as a possible solution to alleviate the problem of survival extrapolation with heavily censored data from clinical trials.

Method

The main idea is to mix a flexible model (e.g., Cox semiparametric) to fit as well as possible the observed data and a parametric model encoding assumptions on the expected behavior of underlying long-term survival. The two are “blended” into a single survival curve that is identical with the Cox model over the range of observed times and gradually approaching the parametric model over the extrapolation period based on a weight function. The weight function regulates the way two survival curves are blended, determining how the internal and external sources contribute to the estimated survival over time.

Results

A 4-y follow-up RCT of rituximab in combination with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide versus fludarabine and cyclophosphamide alone for the first-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is used to illustrate the method.

Conclusion

Long-term extrapolation from immature trial data may lead to significantly different estimates with various modelling assumptions. The blending approach provides sufficient flexibility, allowing a wide range of plausible scenarios to be considered as well as the inclusion of external information, based, for example, on hard data or expert opinion. Both internal and external validity can be carefully examined.

Highlights

Interim analyses of trials with limited follow-up are often subject to high degrees of administrative censoring, which may result in implausible long-term extrapolations using standard approaches. In this article, we present an innovative methodology based on “blending” survival curves to relax the traditional proportional hazard assumption and simultaneously incorporate external information to guide the extrapolation. The blended method provides a simple and powerful framework to allow a careful consideration of a wide range of plausible scenarios, accounting for model fit to the short-term data as well as the plausibility of long-term extrapolations.
Post-COVID-19 Consumers’ Cautious and Virtuous Mindsets: New Marketing Opportunities for Positive Social Change
Authors: Mittal Banwari , Woodside Arch G.
Published: October 2022

Amidst the 2019/22 COVID-19 miseries, a silver lining appears: the pandemic is causing many of us rethink our lives. Using terror management theory (TMT), this conceptual essay identifies the simultaneous emergence of two mindsets, a cautious mindset, stemming from the preservation motive, and a “virtuous” mindset, stemming from an enrichment motive—an intentionality to live a more fulfilling life. These two mindsets in turn produce five life perspectives—life themes for everyday living and achieving long-term life goals. This study reviews evidence of these five life perspectives in published reports of consumers’ thoughts during the pandemic. In turn, these emergent life perspectives and consumer motives present new opportunities for marketers to advance consumer well-being and positive social change as developed in this paper. Weaving a nexus of consumers’ emergent life perspectives, consumption motives, and marketer opportunities, our conceptual framework suggests seven research questions for marketing scholars.
A collision of strategic orientations: Entrepreneurial orientation and customer relationship orientation in a collectivist cultural context
Authors: Ngo Liem Viet , Shinkle George A , Patterson Paul G
Published: October 2022

Drawing upon strategic orientation logics and culture theory, this article proposes that entrepreneurial orientation and customer relationship orientation are generally complementary but become conflictual at high levels due to the organizational response to the practices these orientations invoke in a collectivist cultural context. We test this hypothesis with survey data of 146 firms. We find an increasing-return effect of customer relationship orientation on firm performance. Results also reveal a shape-flip phenomenon that when entrepreneurial orientation is low, customer relationship orientation has a J-shape (increasing returns) relationship with firm performance; however, when entrepreneurial orientation is high, customer relationship orientation has an inverted U-shape relationship.

JEL Classification: M3 Marketing and Advertising
What Affects the Perception of a Drunk Driving Campaign?
Authors: Pešić Duško , Pešić Dalibor , Trifunović Aleksandar , Čičević Svetlana
Published: October 2022

Driving under the influence of alcohol has been recognized as a significant contributing factor to the occurrence of one out of four road traffic crashes. Young drivers are acknowledged as a particularly hazardous group of road users because of insufficient driving experience, but also because of unsafe behavior while behind the wheel, which encompasses driving under the influence of alcohol. The primary aim of this study was to examine the perception of a campaign about driving under the influence of alcohol, while the secondary goal is to present the self-reported behavior and attitudes of young drivers about driving under the influence of alcohol in the Republic of Serbia. Data were collected through a questionnaire created by a multidisciplinary team of experts in the fields of traffic engineering, psychology, and education. A total of 4,015 respondents participated in the study, aged from 16 to 30. The results show that younger respondents have a 1.89 times higher chance of remembering the road traffic safety campaign then older ones. In addition, respondents were 5.057 times more likely to perceive and remember campaign messages that have fewer words than campaign messages that have more words.
A software-assisted untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for lipidomic profiling of human plasma samples
Authors: Segrado Francesco , Cavalleri Adalberto , Cantalupi Alice , Mariani Luigi , Dagnino Sonia , Krogh Vittorio , Venturelli Elisabetta , Agnoli Claudia
Published: October 2022

Introduction

In this paper, an analytical pipeline designed for untargeted lipidomic profiling in human plasma is proposed. The analytical pipeline was developed for case-control studies nested in prospective cohorts.

Methods

The procedure consisted of isopropanol protein precipitation followed by reverse phase liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry and software-assisted data processing. The compounds are putatively annotated by matching experimental mass spectrometry data with spectral library data using LipidSearch software. The lipid profile of a pool of plasma samples from 10 healthy volunteers was detected in both positive and negative polarity modes. The impact of the chosen polarity on the number and quality of the lipid identification has been evaluated.

Results

More than 1000 lipids from 12 different classes were detected, 1150 in positive mode and 273 in negative mode. Nearly half of them were unambiguously identified by the software in positive mode, and about one-third in negative mode. The method repeatability was assessed on the plasma pool samples by means of variance components analysis. The intra- and inter-assay precision was measured for 10 lipids chosen among the most abundant found within the different lipid classes. The intra-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 2.56% to 4.56% while intra- and inter-day coefficients of variance never exceeded the 15% benchmark adopted. The lipidomic profiles of the 10 healthy volunteers were also investigated.

Discussion

This method detects a wide range of lipids and reports their degree of identification. It is particularly fit and well-designed for large case-control epidemiologic studies.
Precipitation reconstruction since the last deglacial based on the stable carbon isotopic composition of a loess section in western Central Asia
Authors: Zhang Dongliang , Feng Zhaodong , Su Chenjie , Li Kaihui , Ma Xuexi , Ma Long , Zhao Xinghua
Published: October 2022

The topography of the Tianshan Mountains and the Pamir Plateau strongly shapes the seasonality of precipitation in Central Asia (CA): cold-season (October-April) precipitation dominates western CA and warm-season (May-September) precipitation dominates eastern CA. The precipitation/moisture patterns between western and eastern CA are completely opposite at seasonal, decadal and centennial scale. However, the pattern contrasts for millennial or longer time scales remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the precipitation variations in western CA, as recorded in a 6.5-m loess section in southern Kazakhstan, which has accumulated since ~14.4 ka. According to the robust relationship between the surface soil organic matter δ13C and the climatic parameters, the δ13C signature is here considered as a precipitation proxy. The record reveals an overall decreasing precipitation before ~6.0 ka followed by an increasing trend afterward, being consistent with the previously reported precipitation records in western CA. The late-deglaciation precipitation in western CA is in phase with that in eastern CA at millennial scales, which are both driven by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Siberian High.
NICU nurses' moral distress surrounding the deaths of infants
Authors: Han Soojeong , Min Haeyoung , Kim Sujeong
Published: October 2022

Background

As Korean neonatal nurses frequently experience the deaths of infants, moral distress occurs when they provide end-of-life care to the infants and their families. Although they need to care for the patients’ deaths and consequently experience burnout and turnover due to moral distress from the situation, there is a lack of a support for nurses. Moreover, not much information is available on the moral distress of neonatal nurses. There is a need to better understand Korean neonatal nurses’ moral distress to develop and implement appropriate supports.

Objective

This study aimed to describe nurses’ experience of moral distress when they provide end-of-life care to infants and their families in neonatal intensive care units.

Research design

This is a secondary analysis qualitative study. Content analysis was performed based on Corley’s theory of moral distress to develop a codebook and identify themes regarding moral distress among the nurses.

Participants and research context

Qualitative data were collected from 20 nurses working in two NICUs in Seoul, South Korea.

Ethical considerations

The original study obtained permission from a university’s institutional review board (IRB). This secondary analysis study obtained the exemption from another university’s IRB. Nurses’ participation was voluntary and confidential.

Findings

The nurses’ moral distress was derived when they faced moral constraints and/or moral conflicts. Two distinct categories of moral constraints and four distinct categories of moral conflicts were identified among the neonatal nurses. In addition, impacts of moral distress on patients and nurses were identified.

Conclusions

This study identified occasions neonatal nurses experience moral distress, and thus can guide in developing and implementing effective interventions to decrease their moral distress and improve their resilience in end-of-life care by providing insight into neonatal nurses’ needs for support in end-of-life care.
Why Can’t We Be Friends? John of Salisbury, Thomas Becket and the Discourse of Amicitia
Authors: Nederman Cary J.
Published: October 2022

There has been an almost universal tendency to treat Thomas Becket as a personal—even close and intimate—friend of John of Salisbury, based on their decades-long association. Evidence for this position has rested, for example, on the fact that the two writings that have primarily sustained John’s intellectual reputation through the centuries—the Policraticus and the Metalogicon—he chose to dedicate to Becket. During the Middle Ages, however, addressing a book to powerful and well-placed people did not necessarily suggest endorsement of their behaviour. Indeed, a dedication might indicate criticism or rebuke rather than affection or gratitude, as it does today. John’s actual attitude towards Becket cannot be separated from appreciation of the relationship between friends as understood in the twelfth century. John stood at or near the centre of a large friendship circle that encompassed mainly monks and secular clergy—a network held together by copious correspondence as well as face-to-face interaction. Such circles functioned as important means of constructing common intellectual and political agendas among literate but otherwise far-flung figures. Becket received no such expressions of friendship status from John of Salisbury.
Book review: Arvind Thomas, Piers Plowman and the Reinvention of Church Law in the Late Middle Ages
Authors: McKenney Cullen G.
Published: October 2022

Arvind Thomas, Piers Plowman and the Reinvention of Church Law in the Late Middle Ages. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2019, pp. ix + 261. ISBN: 148750246X9781487502461.
Creeping Normality: Special Education’s Problem of a New Normal
Authors: Kauffman James M. , Hallahan Daniel P. , Pullen Paige C.
Published: October 2022

Many alternative opinions about how best to respond educationally to the reality of human diversity in abilities are possible. Opinions and rhetoric now dominant seem to us inimical to a thriving, vibrant, effective special education. We see trends in concepts or ideas, policies, and publications that we believe could lead slowly but inevitably to special education’s diminishment and eventual demise. We describe what could become the “new normal” through the process of “creeping normalization” and suggest seven alternative propositions that we wish to see affirmed by professional associations and policy-making organizations.
Design and modeling of a magnetorheological damper with double annular damping gap
Authors: Yan Jian , Dong Longlei
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a design method of magnetorheological damper with double annular damping gap is proposed. The analytical solution of the annular damping gap and the calculation model of damping force at high velocity are obtained through theoretical deduction. First of all, in view of the low magnetic field utilization rate and small dynamic range of the traditional magnetorheological damper, this paper designs a magnetorheological damper with double annular damping gap. Through the magnetic circuit simulation of the designed damping generator, the rationality of the structure design is verified. Then, the annular damping gap is theoretically deduced, and the analytical solution of the relationship between damping force and piston velocity is obtained. Based on the obtained analytical solution, the calculation method of damping force of magnetorheological damper with annular damping gap at high velocity is obtained. Finally, the designed magnetorheological damper is compared with the traditional magnetorheological damper, and it is verified that the designed magnetorheological damper has a larger damping force range and dynamic range. The established mathematical model at high velocity is simulated and compared with the experimental results. The results show that the simulation results of the theoretical model are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Evaluation of Bleeding in Orthopedic Surgery With Perioperative Use of Serotonergic Antidepressants
Authors: Yang Soon H. , Seifert Charles F.
Published: October 2022

Background:

The use of serotonergic antidepressants (SADs) is associated with an increase in bleeding, and their exposure during the perioperative period increases the potential bleeding risk in patients undergoing surgical operations.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to compare the rates of bleeding between patients on perioperative SADs and those not on SADs in patients undergoing orthopedic surgical procedures.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted with patients who were admitted to a single tertiary care county teaching hospital for orthopedic surgery. Outcomes evaluated were requirements of ≥ 2 units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) and length of hospital stay for those requiring ≥ 2 units of PRBCs.

Results:

Of 273 patients, a significantly higher percentage of patients who received SADs required ≥ 2 units of PRBCs (19.3% vs 6.9%; P = 0.0049). Patients who required transfusion had a higher median (interquartile range [IQR]) age (79 [64-84.6] vs 65 [59-75]; P < 0.0001). The risk of requiring ≥ 2 units of PRBCs transfusion was greater for individuals having an anemia comorbidity (odds ratio [OR], 4.55; 95% CI, 1.95-10.62, P = 0.0004). Patients who required ≥ 2 units of PRBCs had a longer median hospital stay than those who did not receive ≥ 2 units of PRBCs (8 [5-10.1] vs 4 [3-5]; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion and Relevance:

Receiving SADs in the perioperative period is associated with a higher transfusion requirement in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Clinicians should be aware of this increased risk for patients who are taking SADs while undergoing surgical procedures.
Artifactual Cystic Spaces in Prostatic Transurethral Resections and Related Specimens: A Potential Diagnostic Confounder
Authors: Sangoi Ankur R. , Akgul Mahmut , Williamson Sean R.
Published: October 2022

Aims. Histopathologic benign mimickers of prostate cancer have mostly focused on glandular mimics, with non-glandular mimics mainly limited to inflammatory conditions. While there is a paucity of literature recognizing small cystic (presumably artifactual) spaces in transurethral resection specimens, in some instances they can become florid enough to mimic vascular or epithelial neoplasms. Herein, we detailed histologic, immunophenotypic, and clinicopathologic findings in a large series of specimens showing prominent diagnostically confounding cystic spaces. Methods and Results. Sixty specimens were obtained (50 transurethral resections, 7 aquablations, 3 laser enucleations), from 17 different surgeons. Seven specimens had concurrent genitourinary pathology (4 prostatic adenocarcinoma, 1 solitary fibrous tumor, 1 prostatic atypia, 1 urothelial carcinoma in situ). The extent of cystic change among overall tissue examined ranged from 1 mm-8 mm (mean 3.4 mm), with luminal content of cystic spaces characterized as empty (72%), both empty and fluid-like (17%), and both empty and mucin-like (11%; mucin histochemical stain was negative on all specimens). Notable differences in degree of tissue cautery artifact or inflammation was not found. Immunohistochemistry performed on 30 specimens showed cystic spaces negative for S100, ERG, pankeratin, and CD45. Conclusion. Although artifactual in nature, in some instances small cystic spaces encountered in prostatic transurethral resections and more novel related procedures can become florid enough to warrant recognition as a potential diagnostic confounder of vascular or epithelial neoplasms.
Head Start Health and Nutrition Managers’ Perceptions of the Process of Measuring BMI and Communicating Preschooler’s Weight Status
Authors: Miller M. Elizabeth , Nicely Stephanie , Shefet Dana , Stage Virginia C.
Published: October 2022

Body mass index (BMI) screenings are conducted as part of Head Start’s (HS) health and nutrition assessments. Weight status classifications, which rely on the accuracy of the BMI measurements, are communicated to caregivers to engage them in health behavior change. Limited qualitative research has been conducted on the procedures for BMI measurement and reporting in HS programs. Interviews (n=28) were conducted with HS health/nutrition managers in Ohio and North Carolina to understand the processes used to conduct BMI screenings and disseminate reports and identify related needs. Themes included Personnel, Equipment, and Training for BMI Measurements; Classifying and Communicating BMI and Referrals; Professional Development Opportunities; and Resource, Training/Policy Needs to Support BMI Practices. Programs need additional resources to implement BMI measurement training and improve data accuracy and entry. Clarification of the referral/follow-up process and training around communicating with caregivers is also needed to better support families in implementing behavior change.
A Pilot Evaluation of a University Health and Wellness Coaching Program for College Students
Authors: Bleck Jennifer , DeBate Rita , Garcia Jessica , Gatto Amy
Published: October 2022

Poor mental well-being has been associated with negative student success outcomes among college students. Health and wellness coaching programs have been implemented in college campuses to address gaps in well-being support services. This pilot study evaluated a health and wellness coaching program at a large, urban university. A total of 499 students expressed interest in the program with 120 responding to a retrospective survey about their experience. Findings revealed that most students attended coaching for issues related to time and stress management or factors that commonly influence stress. Overall, students who participated in coaching were successful at improving their self-efficacy toward behavior change, changing their behavior, and achieving their goals. Students reported attending an average of four sessions with number of sessions attended being associated with increased confidence and motivation. In addition, autonomy, competence, and relatedness felt within the relationship with the coach were correlated with increased motivation, confidence, and readiness for behavior change. There was some relapse in terms of goal attainment observed with 17.4% of students who met their goals being unable to maintain progress. The program participants appeared to have enjoyed the process with 96% of students saying they would recommend the program to a friend. Health and wellness coaching programs may alleviate the burden of stress and other subclinical mental health concerns as well as decrease the number of students requiring services from more intensive mental health resources on campus.
A posterior chamber phakic refractive lens dislocated into the vitreous
Authors: Ma Mingming , Xiao Qirui , Wang Aijun , Zheng Zhi
Published: October 2022

Significance

We present a unique cause for zonular dehiscence, which provides a pathway for subsequent dislocation of an implanted phakic refractive lens (PRL) into the vitreous cavity.

Purpose

To determine the cause of zonular dehiscence and to avoid similar complications after PRL implantation in the future.

Case Report

A 37-year-old highly myopic patient with refraction of −24.0 DS in both eyes received PRL implantation in both eyes. In the 14-month postoperative follow-up, it was found that the PRL dislocated into the vitreous cavity. The patient then underwent phacoemulsification and vitrectomy. The patient was treated successfully. No ocular complication was found. The visual acuity of the left eye was 20/40, two weeks after surgery.

Conclusions

We report a unique cause for zonular dehiscence, and the clarification of its detailed characteristics may contribute to prevention of such a complication in the future.
Evaluation of Some Chemical Parameters of Hemodialysis Water: A Case Study in Iran
Authors: Naderi Babak , Attar Hossein Movahedian , Mohammadi Farzaneh
Published: October 2022

Background:

One of the most common diseases in the world is kidney failure, which can lead to the death of patients. Hemodialysis is a treatment for patients whose kidneys are failing. The water used to perform dialysis must be healthy, safe, and clean. This study aimed to investigate the concentration of heavy metals in hemodialysis water in one of the Hospitals in Iran and compare it with European Pharmacopeia (EPH) and Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) standards.

Methods:

The present study is a descriptive-analytical study conducted on the inlet water of hemodialysis machines in hospital. The samples were collected for 3 months from June to September 2021, Which was examined in terms of free residual chlorine, electrical conductivity, pH, and calcium, magnesium, sodium, aluminum, zinc, copper, and lead concentration. Metals concentration in hemodialysis water was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique.

Results:

The average value of parameters such as electrical conductivity, pH, residual free chlorine, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and lead in the hemodialysis water was less than the AAMI and EPH standards limits. There was a significant difference at the 95% confidence level with the standard limits, but the aluminum concentration was higher than the standard limits. Also, by examining the medical files of dialysis patients, the most observed problems were anemia and bone diseases, which are probably caused by exposure to high concentrations of aluminum in hemodialysis water.

Conclusion:

In present study the aluminum concentration is higher than the standard limits. Considering that the higher aluminum concentration can cause diseases such as anemia, bone diseases, nervous deterioration, and death in hemodialysis patients, therefore, it is recommended to continuously evaluate and monitor the quality of hemodialysis water and the performance of its treatment system.